==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================


˻ʼ ߣʸ

ݼ飺
Ҳܰ磬øӵˣ
ԣſݹѪ̤˻ʱڼȵ֮㣬ɾһϵĴ˵





1 ֮
֪Լ
ĵ֮оδ֮ϵľӡûңԶʱգġȻĻᡰ
ԼһĻ֤ߣ
ȼգڲããʬɽɺѪɽӡܿشڶŨŨǧƵʬ壡
˷ãã纣İΧ
û֪ЩǴģҲû֪ΪʲôͣĻ磬ֻ֪ʮǰЩŨϢƾճ֡ڶ̶̼ڣݿ࣬еĵ۹
ƬأҲЩĳ֣ռ䶯Ҳ֮𣡳ǧ黯Ϊݹǣ
ľ
Ƭ󡱵룬޵һֻƼһȴԼյˡ
ôĥΪԼѾĥ㹻ǿǵעһ٣ֹסĲ
ˡʹ;ӿȴΪԼΪԼߵֵܣƬԼѪ޴صˣ
ˡһˣ
ߵһĴѾˣ
رˣֵ־ˡûжƵܺͽ飬һӣֵˣ
ٻɣ
ǣɣսһ

һϤӰ߳ˬʵĴЦͬɶ˻ȻȻĳ
ˣװֵǡҺܿͻ۵ģ
һӰͬҹ꼻㲻Ϣڱˮ壬Ŀ¡
岢꣬ʵϣû⣬Ӧûһʱ¶ĴѧƽƽĹһ
ȻʮǰһصͻȻ֣йʷϵЩƣȴֽȻͬ磬ΪһʮĽ֮ӡ
ոյ棬Ҳ壬оһж룬Ϊһжûйϵ
Ȼһƽϯ£ЩԼ˺ԼһһȥȻ򣬲˷֮ܽģ
ֻϧһѾˡ
磬徭ࡣʮĵ룬ʹʧȥõᣬֻԵʻᣬΪǰսϷ۳ľָӲܣ˼۹ǰ
ԼԪעʹΪ˺ƽУ۹һλԪ˧縺ϣ
ֻϧһѾ̫ˣѾ̫̫ĶȻ㾡ȫʧˣ
建ı۾бޱȡ
ֻڵȴһˣɱҲϢ
һеף۹ڻ˵ز
ޣ
ֻѪϴĺ⣡
ֻǶԷ̫ƻˣ¶ͷҲײᡣֻһΣԼƬɽȾصʱ֪һ̲סֵġ
Ѿʮ꣬һΣڳʤʱٶ
壬ɡѾʹ˵ˡֻҪͶ㲻
ͻȻһԶԶĴ
ããһֵģΡΡӰС¶ͷĿȴ͸żɵη塣
ʲôСˣ֪ǸһΪʲôôȻͷ࣬ȴɱʮʮ౶Ķ֡
Ȼִı̶̼꣬ϵʿȴǰ漸ʮܺͣ
ҪΪһҲôá
ͽ
忴ǵӰ޵Ļ⡣ָ㣬ǱΪ飬Щôڶ̶ʱôƻôĵط
һжǰͣ
ٺ٣壬㻹治ı֮һһԵĶܹΪ±Ԫ˧ǲ˼飡Щͷʮ㣬ѡǵļ̳ˡߵҲûе˵лᣡϧһжѾˣ
Ӱ
壬Ȱһ仰ǸвܵˣѾ˵ˣֻҪܹͶ㲻ҽתǵһԱôúÿǿǣ
Ȼδš
ɽ
һԽгıĿ޵ŭ𡣾ôãڵȵһˡɵļһڻ̲ס¶ͷˣ
һΪɣ
غ¡¡УһĹ⻷ǹڱɲǼ䣬ؼ·һҫ۵̫ݵ۾
ˣˣ

ƺƣ֣ǧﱬһɿֻŵͬˮȥ
ʹˣ
һЩǿ߷Ӧ׷׾ۼɽߣĹ⻷ͺ棬Ѿˡ
¡һΪ֮ɫĳĿâ·һն£˲Ϣ԰ټƵǿߺмӰ
㣡
ֻһݶȴ̴ٵҽУֵĹпµŤţѸٵĻҷ
˶û뵽Ѿ;ĩ·ʱȻƴȫ֣
Թޣȴв޵еһǹ
ڳɹˣ
һ̣ԵĿο
ףĸף޴飬ǿ԰Ϣˣ
¶һ˿΢ЦȻĿĳǹŹԼͱݹ
¡һɲǣ峹׵˵ΧǧƵһ١
˵ǰһ̻ޱȵ벻ģ
ȻЦЦȴޱȵƽ
ôˣڿԽˡֻȴһʹࡣʯ䣬ͻȻүү幫ĸ硢ýǡ
ԼûôԸöð
ԼܹʱͦԼ츳壬Ƭظöð
һжˣ
аԼ˺Լˣȫ뿪ˣ
ЩԼԼȫ뿪ˡ
ܹԲôֻϧһжѾ̫ˣ
ӴԺлؽΪԳǧ֮û֪ϻи׻ƣһƬؽдƣ
лںޡɥвʡ
İ
۽˻ں޵ˮܹһΣֲܹЩźԼԸ⸶УУ
¡
ԺӹͷͻȻһ̣ںڰͻȻǡ
⡭ǵԼ
ѣ
ڤڤУһе˿ĸ
֮ӣ֮ӣֹ
ڰͻȻﾪֵЩ֪Ϊһ¶Ŀ־;η
һȴ֪ǰһڣ㳹׵٣

ΪʲôҪ㴩Խߣ
·һɲǣֺƹͣͻȻһѡԶ壬һɴ۵ζ
һʯ׹棬ɲǼʶ
˭˭
˵ΪʲôԼѵǻþ
ߣ
˼ʱ򣬶ͻȻһõߣ廹ûӦô£͸оϱʲôݺݵĴһ¡
ָ
ͷӦ˹
ԣˣ壿
ѵ˵Լû
ˣͷӹԺͻȻһɲŬģܿ죬һ͸Ĺâ籡롣
ӭŹâǰһɰھԼԶĵط忴һʮҵСŮ죬һĿԼ
㲻ң
СŮϸϸָ¾һ¡
Сã
岻ŵĿŶ档СŮüëһ㣬۾͸ƤһСƤ㣬۵һ㡣
ֻͷ̰Ǳй¶ƤıԡⲻԼǸС˭
СòѾ
ĿǰȫӦ
ԼѾǵãһ̣ΪɱɽȻãã֮Уôֻ￴Сã
СúСʮӡԼֻСô꣬Сʮ꣬Լǡ
彫ֱ̧ܿ죬Ϳһ˫С۵ֱۣԼӡеӽȻͬ
һɲǣ˵ˡѵԼ
оϲиĻûʧ
Сãһ¡
ͻȻ
䣬Ϳһֻѩ׵С˹СΧһȦİɫ
⵭ɢһ㣬һּĸо
ԪŽף
͵ĳ鴤һ¡㵭İɫԪŽ׸ֵԼôˣСôС츳ˣǸ˫ġʿ
ԼԼǲҿ԰
Сã𡭡
ɫһ䣬ҪֹѾˡֻ꣬һ͸оԼǺˡ
ӴСÿ֣
ĲҽУСŮһڨڨͷ˼ջָ
С磬ɲܹҡҸɵġ
СŮһͷһߵǸ˼ûС
ЦȻǼеǸСð츳ɽݿǡˡԳܵġ
ʹȴϲޱȡʹи֪ܿ˵ǻþ
ԼĻţ
ѵڤڤУϲԼ𣿡
һ̣ζӣпѡ
磬˵㡣Ժٺǻ쵰ǼһﲻǸöȻ类ѵ˵ǿŮõǿŮ쵰´һҪݺݵĽѵһΣһδһΡ
棬СŮ֪뵽ʲôͻȻšüëŭӣֲֻСٴ죬ȻԹ޲С
Сá
С÷ϵһᣬижޱȡ
ԼǸСãǸԼ簮мӵСáϧԼ̫쵰оֱʧȥˣŸе׷Ī
һȻٸԼһλᣬԼҲСЩġ
Сãлл㡣ˣǸ쵰һԼԸġ

廳̧ͷ۾ӳۣǾ档Լ磬쿴̫һ
ƽɵģύһȺѣôҲ˵ⷭˡ
ˣ磬㻹ûҡʲôǴԽߣԽʲô˼ôû
һ£Բ۾壬ʺš˵˵ȥԼĵ黹û˵ء
㣬൱
⡪
ƤԼС仰Ҳ̲סӣһڨڨ
ڡԽߡԼһδһ洩ԽʱʱԼгԹһжӦ˭ʶֻоԼҴҵĹͣһõӰ
üԼǱ裬ţ壬ܺСԼԼ硱һʱͯĴ󷢣ͶԼԽߡ
ԼЦСȴˡһ٣ٶ׷ԼʲôǡԽߡϸӦþˡ
һҲεҪ
Խ߰˧˼
˧磿С۾Իˡ
˧С簡
Ц
С磬ƭң
СöʱȻŭȻСҲôƭġ
СãͻȻˣ׿¿Ҫˡ㻹ǸϿȥҪˣǿɾ鷳ˣ
亹æתƻ⡣С˼ȻԼΪţԼƭ˵Լеÿͷԡ
ߣ
СĹģŭСûôƭСû˵ʵ
ƭòװƭˡߵʱȴŭ壬Ȼǲ
һͻˣ㣬һǵȥóԷ
¡
仰¡¡·һӹԺͻȻһƬȻ
С˵ţŭ߳⡣
ͷоһֵ亹Ϊ͵͵ģƭ˸ףӲĸ׵ķۣ
һҲⰡСõͣôӵùָɽأ
ȵС뿪ϴţǽڣͷ­΢΢𣬶Ÿ߸ߵݶɫ΢䣬ɫҲ侲
췢̫ˣҪʱúõһ롣
ǰһĻĻٴθͷ󿴵ǿҲһЩңԶļ·Ѿˣʱȴ
ǵڹԪ2022һʱյĵǸ׵գԼڴϵʱ򣬱һŴУȻ㱻İ硣
ԽʱΪʲôԽߵĸʵƽƽ㵽һΪֹһ֮ӵ⣬Ҳͱûʲô
ǿǣصǣ˽İģԶԼ磬ʲô񼣶ûֳ
û뵽ȵԼһ̣ȴͻȻ˳
Թ𣿻Ĳʣ
д˷
ôˡĻصʮǰһ꣬ʮ꣬Сʮ꣡
ӭʷǿʱ
سǴ󺺣ûһ񱾳һͼչ񱾳һӴ󡣶𶫺룬ֺɽȫǵ۹Χ
ƾʮƶޣѹס˱еĺиǽ貣ųаٽͬԣҲӴĵ۹
̶̼ʮʱ䣬۹İͼչڴﵽڵĵز
ǵ֮ġ
ǿʱ
еλҲޱΪʥʡޣ˶Եãһɽ
ǳ֮⣬û֪ڼǿ£۹ʢ˥˥ĵ·
ʢĻ£ϹۣѾ̺Σ
Ƶԭϣ˹ǿѸٵĲǿʱ򡣶࣬´ʳȻ£ȡ֮ǰ۹ʷǿĺ´ʳʱ
ԨϷĶҲǰӿ
Σһ
Ȼƣ˻ʢĻУЩǱΣһ֪ĵʱһڳҰһ˼ͼó͢ӣ˻ͼ壬ǽ̻лĵңȡĵ֮䳤õĺƽ
һʷǰԷ书
ϻϵצӣǰεݣ
֮󣬵ĵ绢ɶһصĸϯ޵ֿ֮
֮ЩΣһ𱬷һϣĴӴ󡢻Ի͵ĵ۹׵˥ˡ
Լļ壬Ҳͬʢת˥ֱ׵û䣬ɸ߸ϵĽң䵽Ţ
һججֱһ޷˲ȻȻһһļ;飬һٴݣ
Ӵĵ۹Ϊʲôڶʱڷӣ˼顣ܹڡʮ˼ļƻʵʩһлü
ڴ֮ǰҪֹＴҪһش顣Сá硢סĸףҡ˶ܵӰ졣
֮һ˥֮Уѷ
Щ˺Ͱˣ֮־һϵе飬ġȥ
һжԽ粻õʱ
ֻǸʱ¶֪һ
һݲɨɨ£ְ֮ѣͥˣʲôȥ磿
ΣһҪֹ
ţƿţܿ˳ȥ۴αȣЩϤľ֪ԼҪ


2 Ϊ
쪣
ԽбԽǽţԽʧȥˣԽ֪
ǰһԼججʲô鶼ģʲô鶼ġ񣬽ֻǰȥԸȻͻԼеš
ӦþǽӰɡ
а̧ͷʨ׵ĴǰǼԷĴˡ
ҲʲôңûôɭϵķȣȴҲǽ֮ңȻûô򣬵Ĺеġ
Ůڶ࣬˭ڣֻҪھǣÿܾͱһξ۲͡˾һΧһŴӣĵĳԷ
֮һ죬ҲҲǼĵһξ۲͡Ĳ
ûĻʱ򣬸ѾˡΪְԭÿ飬ԼӣҲġ
Ǽ鷢֮󣬸׺ܿ뿪ǣؾӪפءԺٰʱԼ
ҪֹǼ飬ıˣμľ۲;õĻᣬҲĻᡣ
׻Լ
ԼʱĬˡ
ֻûֶöǰһνĴԽߣϷ̫Ļ¡
ʼǶӣԣҹޣύ˴ĺѡ
С˵Ǹܡеһ
ǰһ壬Ըֱֱȥûô໨ӡŴѣཻ̹õЩԼһĶ˼ôϺֵܣһ
ЩһԼţΪֳ˹컯գǿŮ顣
ҲˣǡǿŮʵ̫ݡ⣬Լһٹĸ׶ȥˣ֪Ȼŭҹפظ
Ҳ˱Ľա
ϣ׶Լǳ׵ʧˡԼԽ֮Ȼܳһʱ淴ɳЩоûж䵽ֵز
ǿŮ
Ѿս˸׵ĵޣӴԺ󣬸׶ԼҲͳ׵ķˣᡣ
Ҳܾ֮ò֪ˡЩ쵰ԼһѣҲƵĲС
Щûȥ˵Լʶ˲ôܱһѡԸסĸ״ʱ˿̵飬Լ˵ʲô¶ǲȥĻ
һѧӵܸɳʲô˵ʲôĶأ
뵽пɬޱȣԼµĿԼ°
Σô쵰ȥˡΣıԼڸеӡ󡣡
֪Ҫı丸ĸеĳɼεļ۲;ĻᡣΣһҪףԼѾǰǸԼˡ
ҪӮǶԼġ
һѾ֪ôˡ
ү
ʨ׵ĴŽգ߹ſڵ˶ľװͷ
˻ܱվ·һһ֪սϵľ䡣
ˡ
ͣһ£Ͽҵ
ϵǸϴӾӪѡڸۡġ
·ң֪վüģǰһʱûĹЩʲôֱз䣬еĻҶɢˣֻҶ벻һֱ档
ֱһҳ٣Ҳǧһ棬ھְء
Ǹʱļסǵ֣һ꺣һ¡ǸʵĻ
ү
壬дΪ졣λүǰʱ򣬴۸붥ѱЩ˵
ξȻǴк⻹ƽͷһΰ
˶˶Էеľ棡
֪ʲôЦЦҲûн͡߷һ֮Լ̫ˣҪһһϦ֮ıǺѵġ
˵һͻеڶһ죬ǻᷢԼȷʵˡ
ְֻʨŻϣһƣ˽ȥ֨ڴ÷ǳ
㣡
߽ȥûоŵһŨŨģ˴εĲζ޴ķһſɹʮ˳ԵĴӰţ˶ʮʢĲȡ
þûԵôʢķˡ
ζһҲемˡϸ죬Լ죬˿һֱ嵭ĺܣôʢ
ȻȷʢȴǺܶԡ
΢̧ͷɨһۣŴĳԱߣŵĸסĸףˮ˭ҲûԼ
Ȼӯ˭ҲûжֻԱߵĴθСãͷߣһֻÿӣһֶֻ룬ſʹԣֻֻǱԱֻ߲Ӳˡ
СƽȺãһǺóԣһ̰档
һμԷҲ㱻ﻹһСŮһͷľޡ
ľҲȻˡ
ڼֻСһǿԲԷġСóԷʱ򣬷붼ǳԵö죬һΣֻŵôģûһ֪ղԡ
һĳš
㣡ˣ
Сöŷ룬һߵĿԺԣһԶԶĶһͬѾԿԼС籯ҵˡ
СŮȻȴҲرǳûԼС֮ǰƭ£
ûԼǵСá֪סĸȻԼ黹ûйȥ

ûһһԣֱһͷ٣˸ȦƹԷӣԼסĸͣ
һԵСÿľٶͶŴˡ
ԼСڸʲô֪ŭʱ߹ȥⲻ
ǸСóԾ鷢ˣ
ε飬֪ˡԺҾͻǰЩһϣٺˡ
ͷ
žգ
СþſӣԼһС磬°ͶҪˡô£ԼСȻϴˡ
ûɣ
Ͻ˲۾С÷Լû
ѹ֡ء̵ʯͷһͻȻɶһ¡ϵλϣһŴĵɴޣׯŵ϶һ£һĨﵽɫ
⺢ӣȻϴˣ
绪ԼĶ䡣ΪЩ£Ѿ˵ٱˣȴȫȥؽգȴҲȫں
ʱ绪Լĸ׵ļʧܣ˽оǳľɥֻŮǰӲֶѡ
һΣȻǸϴˡѵ⺢ıˣ
һɲǣ绪Щʧ̬ˡ
ϣԼĺıˣԼһԸϾǰıʵ̫ˡ
ӣ㻹֪𣿡
һȴĸԱ˵ˡĸϣĿ棬ǹһһǿѹȸС
ǡ˵Тȴо൱ѹ֪ʵǸһϢĽ
ʲôѵͲӻͷ㲻Ҳϴ𣿡
绪ǺԼĵģĻͲˡ˲øǳ͢Ĺأ绪Ρϵ¡
⣬ĸӣӴĸۡڲٳ֡ڽӷ棬ӵоȨ
սͳһĴսⷽȴҲӰ첻ˡ
ȻͷǲԹɫȻɫ䣬۶ûԼɫȴ΢΢滺û֮ǰô̰塢ˡ
ȻԼĵǸһöûá
׽ѵǣǰʵ̫ӣ̫Ϳסĸ׵ˡԺ󣬳һĹµġ
ͷ
һ仰˵ĸͬʱ̧ͷ˶˶Էеľȡ֮ǰĵǸˣαԼѵȻûж죬ֱ̫߳ˡ
һλżȻξδˡѵıˣ֪ˣ
ģϽšһ˳Էʱ򣬰Ÿʲô
ĸϽԸ
ŵӦһȻصԼλϣؾصģüĿһĸûӣҲ
ⷭٶĸУǾ첻ѡ
⺢ıˡ
ʱοĪĸ绪ˡ
˭ӳŮɷ
ϧ⺢ӵıʵ̫ˡѵԼӦˣ⺢Ķˣ
һ̣绪Ҫϲ


3 ıԼ
ǳεġ
ĸ׵ķӦǿģֻϸǸ˶ڲߣĸ׸˳ӣɼǰԼǶôĻʡ
ǰһԼܿƵĴһ紩ԽһжܾܡȻһֱԼӣΪⲻԼĸ
ԣԶС
Ҳǰһ岻ȴ򣬲𷣣̻ԭΪⲻԼ磬ԼֻĹ͡
еˣе¡ԼдҴĭʵ֤Լش
ֻʧȥˣ֪ϧֻһеˣ֪һжôĿɹ
ǰһԼһ䣬ҵ֮󣬱ΪԼı֣øסĸ׺˻Լ
ǡǡǣʱѣ縡ƼƮԼ벻ʼչա
ֻҪһڷԣԼǸȳԵġ
ĸʮ겻ˣͷİ׷ʮˣоͳ˸С
һ̣ĸԼġΡΡ嵹µһ̣ž˵
Ѫ
Ҳһ̣ˣˣ׵ˡ˺ʮ꣬Ǹŵֻһǰ
װΪʲôҪôð
һ̣лڰĴзһʹޡһ̣綼ˣ
Ȼ򣬿һж̫̫ˣ
ڤڤеϲԼ¸ԼһδͷʼĻᡣŲͲԵĸףᡣ
ףġһҾԲģҲκ˺㡣κˣ
ӵȭͷаġ
ԲˣԲˣӳԣʲô£Ժ˵
绪ãӣĵһռ
ףҲ԰ɣ
ӣҲĸ绪һꡣ
ĻξͰܲҲɫࡣ峣ТֵһСӾȻ֪ĸ׼вˣǺܴĽ
ֳô飬ˡ뵽Ǹͷˡ
λᣬм˵һ£ϣܴӦ
׼ʱȴ˿磬Ŀӯ˼˵һ
ʲô
岻˵˵һ˵ɫһĿޱȡɳ飬Ϊıˣȴ뻹ǽɽ׸ģơ
֮ǰ˵ô໰ôԣԭΪڸԼ̸Ҫӵ׻ʲô
˵ʲô
˵ûȤЩڴԼӵԶĸ׵ģһ㣬˵ûôࡣ
˺ܾá
ͷһ˼״ܲӮøĸΣͿˡ֪˵ĻԼǳҪ
ȥξ

һ䣬𶯣һǣ˶ˡǰ˵Ļȫ𺳡
촽䶯ĿԼĶӣ˵ʲôȴȫ˵Ϣ̫ˣҪʱ
Աһֱɫ۶ûƼ۵ʱҲ¶˾ﵽ˼ɫ
ս󽫣̩ɽǰҲգһüͷ˵飬˵ʵ̫ˡ
Լ̫ˣֺУϽ֮ģύһȺĵĺѣθɳǿŮ飬޴棬ΪЦ
ʹ˼ʹھǰӪ֮СӪ֮ܶˣֻоӪıԼ֮ӡ
飬岻ᣬҲ׼ڷġˣĸͬͬ⣬ԸԸ⣬鶼ǰ϶ݸġ
û뵽Ȼˡ
Ϊ֪ԼƽʲôˣΪ֮ݣҲ֪ⷭģǶôĲס
ξͳԷеΣӹ׸ԡ˵֮ǰıֻ֣һЩСĻǲξɾͲǿЦˡ
ӻͷ𲻻ѵ˵ô飬ԼϴĸȻˣ
һɲǣϲѡʼеţԼĺıˡ
Թɫ֪ԼķЧ
Ϊˣ֪εļͥϣԼᣬҲǼԼξΪͷ
ǰʱԼĺܾáȫûã׾ѶݸġһȻ֪鲻ݸģ
ҲܹԼıڸĿеӡӮظ׵Σ
ңϸ룬ʵҲǻ¡ֻǵҪôͺֵ˼ˡ
ͲξСһ㡣Ҳʲô˵¡ҪμĸطһǰǴк

ǰ嶼ӵģξȻгˡɼľȷʵǳˡ
ףˣȴѵӪʼҪӲȥμѵӪĹĥˣȻȥμ
˵Լ˼ѾõĻ
ѵӪ
ľȡմӳ͢õϢ¾׼ᡢӪأ泯͢ѵ
Ÿոûõ£ôأô֪
תһ룬ǰύһЩĵĺѣĵطҲδ֪
ΪʲôѡѵӪ
ܿ
ѵӪֻЩͨӵܵġļỹҪߣרԾǵȨӵܵġţѵӦñơ߼ࡣ
ĻԺǰ;а˵ĻҿүүӰ죬Ӫء
ֻıｫ죬ʲôһ˵ҲֻͨĽӵܡ
үүȴͬǰǴĹֱ˳Ǽһͣʾɱ鲼Ұ
ȻˣӰ컹ڡ
˵үӰѵӪһⶼûеġ
Ĭ׵һƬģ֪˵෴Ӫõѡ
ʥӢ䣬һʱҲʱΪ˴ӾǵĽԼȨӵѡܣѡʵľӵᡢѵӪء
Ӫزݴһлʡ˶Ϊļ𳬳ᣬõѡ
֮ĺܳһʱдԼ⣬ԴҪμӪء֪պʱ֤õѡ
ǳĴ٣һĽ׷䣬Ƶ۹ĽǼų϶ѵӪ
Щȴǲ˵ġ
ףˣʺһЩھôЩ꣬Ͼǵӵһʶȥ˿϶ҲôġٽȥѵӪֻǣ
ֻЩ
ǷԵģ룬ЩѵŸո·ûáòϴĸŸոЩٺЩ˻һҪǹ̬ȷ׷ĪʧȥԼȥѵӪıˡ
ȻˣǾͰ˵ȥɡ
üͷ
ȻǺͬľ˵Ҳ޵ǿ͡
ǸʲôҪ˵ȵ˵㸸ףԲˣԲˣ
һԣУĸˡ
տʼ˵ҪξһҲǳ档ֻȥѵӪ˿
ǽ֮ţֻʮ꣬ȥμѵӪȻȥξ˵ҲǲԽܡ
ϾǵĽ֮żˡΪӵܣеĺǳ綼ս
Ͼǵķһʼͱеľġ
岻ٶ˵ʰ꣬
֪һ׻᲻ҵĻȥ
Щ
Ȼɹĸı˸ĸԼеӡ󣬵֪ǵһҪģ


4 ҵΣ
ʱԵĵһٷ
Цϣ洺磬ϲɫϯϲϵĸвˣķ˸߸ߵģŲˡ
Ҳ֮ǰôӡ࣬˵Ķ٣һӡ
磬
һĻС;ˣӵµݹһɫԼҵСͶˡ
ΪԼСٽˣСѾĿ˼Ҿ׼û뵽ײû𷣣Цͷмӣ׶вˡ
Сö̲ס󷢣ڼôãûôִܹ
ܣҲҪ
СĹĵģԼĴһƣƵǰ
һŮӼҼңʲôӣ
˵СίѣСۿֱתһֺֺЦ
׼и㣡
Ҳһӣ
һԿðЦҲԼСüһӡ
лл硣
СΪЦֻĳȻ֮ǰǲøɸɾ
һ˳Եÿġ
ף˵ҪȥҦˣ
ͷԷ״ƲͻȻʵ
ϵնʱһ䣬΢΢Щ͡æɫСҲŵ˿С
ڼ˭֪ǲϲ̸ġҲϲ˲֡
ģ
̧ͷɫ忴׵üͷĿԽ΢ɲһ£ȻᵽЩϲ
пһȴֻӲͷƤ˵ǳҪܸı飬֮ǰĿľȫ׷ˡ
ڸ׺˵ʱġ
ӲͷƤнŲѡ벻ɣͿһˡ
Ŷ
üͷ˶żȻ绪һΡҲֻһΣû뵽Ȼˣ
ô¡Ϊʲôʵ
֮ǰõıַãûзŭ˵ȥȻһ˿ˡ
һѵӪ׼սˣȷʵʺٵСӡ
Ҧһ͸ײͣûȴԼ׼棬Ĳ±ġ
þŵ
֪ϲ˲ĹⷭӦʮĺ˵ȴܲ˵
ǰһʱλҦҦԹ壬һûʲôĸȥύ̸
ʵҲûҦڻ˵ʲô£ҲͰˡһϴǾܾƫƫҦƻ֮ϯʲôû˵Ÿ׺ȾƣЩ޹ʹĶ
֮Ҧֹͱ֪
ǻףʵȨڱ˵ϻˡΪүүĹϵԸ׳мӡ
ܴﵽطΪطʵȨͳ󽫣û
סš͵жԵģЧҦ˽ܻᣬܲ
ƽûʲô
ƫƫڳͬˮڳϵʾɣǱ£˼ʮ׷׵ȥڳù¼ҹˣӰΪ½
Щݼܴ˷ǳɡʱҦ˽¼棬ĸ֪ܿ
ҪʱԸֱ֪ͨɣ˵ҦϵԼʲôûģ˾һľơ
λжԵĳ͢س˽¼棬ȴʲôҲûģֻǺȾƣţ
׵ⷭ˵ǣûнʹΪײֹһͶ֮󣬹ǰ
ټϺҦڱŪһϵֶΣʹԸ
ҲΪҼʹ棬ƣһͶ
ν֮֮УҼĽ飬ϵ࣬Ҳ࣬˶ҵġѡԽĲܽܡ
ܴǼʮʾɵͶҪԽܡҳ׵ʧ
үүʱ˼ֻ꣬ǰ˸׵ıȨȵүүȥûıӻҴѹ
̶̼֮ڣԺյұ㳹׵˳˴Ƶ۹Ĺٳ
ʧȥȡսɣû˿ԿƵ۹սԱӲ˺Ļ
˵һʲֹǶң͢һ޴ѣ
ⳡʵңԼҲӮҡ
Ӱ֮ǵ
ң͢˾ǴǸʱʼıģһֱΪ˹ڻ˵ԼƽĴ󣬾ǽҦԼûǰ
ǵ
ǰʱججܾһУͥҲûʲô顣ȵϧͥҪıʲôʱȴѾˡ
壬ͬһź
һҲͰˣһȻ֪ƣζ޶õġ
飬һҪֹ
ֻǣЩȴǲöԸ˵ġ
飬СӾͲز͡Ϊš
ȴû̫顣
Ҧҵ϶ǱϾǰ飬Ҹ˺ܾãҦ֮䣬û̫ĳͻ
Ҳǲ֪飬Ĳֵ˫˫˺Ƥ̧ͷͷ
Ͼ֮ʵû̫ĳͻ
ˣҦҪ£ʱϴǾܾˣ׵ģҲһݡξܾ֮ҦǱ߻ģĴҲ鷳
Թɫа
ǵ͵ľˣ̡սɱ治ѷɫҦ졣ĶǺ󣬸׺ҦȾĲ̫Զ
˫һģ
Ҧ͸˸׵Ը񣬹塣׻ֻ֡ҪҹʲôҲ¡˼ʱ»ֲҦԸͷ
ʱٺڿɾͳˡ
Ȼ㸸˵ˣͲҪ˵ˡϽԷ
֪Īĸ˲Թɫʲôעһ۾Ϳæɫ
ԼԸˣڷ۹ģڷ˵ôûзƢѾǷǳˡ
һ䡰ΪšʵѾ˵̬ȣѾʹ˴ֹˡ˵ȥҪŭˡ
ﰵżĸ׵˼ﲻ֪ͬСɣŪãһУĴãҺʹ󲮸Żҷ
һ᳹׵ɨƵ̳ײ֪ҦֶΣڻûȴܲѡ
˴ŭף𷣣ҲǱҪġ
ףͬСɡã᲻֪ͨһǰ֪һ£ô¡ȽϺһ㡣
ãȥڻһеķίԼĽ顣ֱֹǲеģֲСִֻᴥŭ
ֻһص·ߣ˵Ҧ죬֡
˵£Ͳزˡ
ɫģվ
ȳ԰ɣһ£ˡ
˵꣬ǷҲû꣬תߡ
ĸͷԹһֻۣ̾Ϣ֪ƾԼһϦı֣ҪȫӮø׵ڵ졣
ٻûз𡣡
а
һپ۲ǡɢˡ֪Ը׵ԸԼôײǲȻŭˡ
νֻɫãѾ൱ˡԼ֮ǰһ˵ǣǶٷһЩЧȫûá
ֻҪںҦ֮ǰǰ֪ͨԼһľͲǰ׷ѡǸȥУԼҲǲС
Ҫ飬ٲˣ
硣
׵Ը̫ǿһ˾Ͳ׸ġƾԼҪıǲܵġ
ԸҲʹϱӳԿܶ࣬±á
ڷ̽ʧܣֻ취ӱĵطˡΣ鶼һҪֹġ
˸ͷҴҺĸסСøܿ뿪˷䡣


5 ҵһ
԰һ᾵ļɽϣڤ˼롣
Ѿ˺ܾˡ
׺Ҧĵط¥
ҦϺŲߣľڹ¥˽
ʱ򣬳Ҧˣ˭Ҳܽȥ¥ȻǸϯƽûʲô
׵ǱĻƭȥŻҦĵ
֪ȥҪֹⳡ¾޴̸𡣹¥ȫҦ찲ŵĸ֣ҪǿǾԲеģֻȡС
ˣ
ͻȻ۾һһԼôһˣһһܹ¥ǲеġ
У¥ﶼǸ֣ƾһ˻СиĸֲУ
뵽һ˫üͷ
Ǽ֪Լ£һӣô鷳Ҧ찲˶ٸ֣ƾһͨ쳹صΪͿԵҦ죬òô鷳
һֻһʮĺӣƾܺЩǧ绢Ҧȣ
ʱҦһӣɾͰӳȥ¥Ҳûá
뵽üͷøˣոһϲҲɢˡ
ôһֿɲҰ
ΪѵʱͻȻһ̤ĽŲʶ̧ͷֻԶԼҵСԺȥϷˣ
⸱Ǽֲˣ֪Ϊʲôһ̿ȴǽȻͬĸо
Ǳţ
ͻȻһԼԴЦԼⲻŵҵ𣿴硢粻ڣ۰֣ﻹбСøʵģ
ԼⲻһҶĿ𣿾ȻԼĸ֣
뵽岻ɿĵЦ
ңСǸ桱
ֻʮ겻٣츳˵ʱ򣬾ܹһ󶦡
һ㣬û׼ĸ׶ô˵ǾԲд
Ҵģƾ˷ָ츳ڣ¶ûܳ
δǱǸǲԶˣ
һ㣬һĿãˡ֪ԼСõδжֲˡ
ֲ֮ԭǺܼ򵥡ΪԼСȫͨ
ᣬӤǡ¾ϵĻ֪̥ﶼǰȫͨġ
ֻ֮󣬺ؼ죬ȫʥ鷲
һУڵһ޵˲䷢
ԼСòͬ⡣֮󣬾Ȼûб˼ֱһʮһѵһ
Ϊԭʲô书°ԶԶˡ
츳ֱ֡
ֻϧСñϾ̫С̫ءʱ򣬻㣬ɹʹСڵʵҲ൱ˣȫԺЩʮ꣬ʮ̳һ¡
ңСǵ֮ĵһ֡Сġһ֡ãԼⲻԶô
ҪǣȻǳᱻƭǶԼС磬СûǷǳšԼæǾöġ
뵽һӼɽ
Сã
Զ֣Цģ
ȥĵط

磬Ҫȥﰡ
ꤣСôӳ̽ͷ۾ĴУк治ѡóеѾˣֻʣº档
ϾֻʮСŮƽϸжòĸף͵͵С硰족иоǷǳݼġ
ٺ٣𼱣һ֪ˡ
Цģ
ǵ֮ǰԼûҵԲҶ֡ҪȻ´οɱҴ
Ŷ
Сùɵĵ˵ͷ붼ûʹӦԼС磬Ǿܿʲôʾľȭͷݺ
С磬ɲƭҡҪȻˣߺߣ
ôƭ㣡
Ǹ亹Сǿֲһ󣬶ʹԼҪˣҪǷԼö
Ӵǲǳү𣿡
˵ʱͻȻһߺ
ˣ
ͣ¶һ˿ЦݡԼȥľ¥ԼǻҲóˡ
Сô߳ȥԶԶģͿһȺҡŻȣȫ͸ŹƦվǰ
һȺƺԤҪһľ͵
ӴӴӴٿǼˣ
Ϊһ걳һȣüһź뼫ۡ壬˦ӣһĴӭ
˾ˣ
٣˵㱻𷣣˽աֵǱȥġҵĴŸ˽缸ȥ˺üΣ飬ֻա٣û°ɣ
һץ˫֣꺮ů֪ĻΪ˶Ľ飬ֻĲмͼôҲβס
ߣǰûôϷ
Ц
ɾתǰʱֻЦʵϡٿ͸о˸߰úܡ
һһԼɵӰɡЦԼǰһ̫򵥣ԳĴˣԳĴңȴСЩĵ
˵Ļǿǻ֮ʹ⼸ܣֻӶû˵ǻˡ
ң
嵭
һ㶣ĳٺе㲻̫ԾǰԼʱĺܡô䵭ࣿ
ԼˣҲû⡣
٣ⲻ˵רŵȸٽӷϴأֵǣ˵ǲǰ
˵ųһ֣˺ȻӦǣ漴Цһţǿˣһ㡣
٣ô߰ɣ
ܻعͷЦеĲм͸Ũˡ
Сӣʵ̫ƭˡͰƭȥƫƫСӻΪⲻ֪˶˿ӣǮˣš
ԩͷȥң
ڽӷϴȻǸӷϴܿɲΪԼǮһܾʹûгһӡ
˵ʵô졣ֵҲӹòڣ뻹е
ûү˭ǲƨɡʰ
뵽˴иǵˡ
ž
ڵʱͻȻһƴžһϻģˣָӡ
һɲǣ㾲ѻȸ
˶һƴˣ
ʲôܰһƣôܣ
ң
ŻյգĿŶ塣ԴģζӦ
ڻе㷴ӦȻһƣôܣ
߶ˣ˾͸ˡһӵܴ۵Сۣŵһ
Ȼһƣôܣ
ϣ˭ܴһơΨ岻ܡҪ֪ϵõģܵľˡ
ҪҲˣˡ
ڣȻֵһƣ˶ʵˡû֪ʲô¡
ҵĴġ
嶢ܣЦеġطΨһľˣ
ܣǰҰ㵱ֵܣҵɵӡòΪʲô֪ɣ

һƬȻ𾪣ŵøˡ⻹ǴǰʶǸͷԼ򵥣׺Ū
Ǹҳֵܣãɵӵ
ⷭôҲ˵ġ仯Ҳ̫˰ɣ
˶ı仯ˣһּıʶƵ顣壬ѵǰڰϻ
ʲôܣܣ
л̵̻ʱͻȻһֽдСüšԲŭ
ʼ֪һǺԼСġԪסСﻹ̵ס
˵ҺС磬Ҵ㣡


6 ӱ
Сòֹ˵һҪ֪ĿֲҪһֻ̾͵ԼļƻҲزˡ
Сã𼱣
ԼСõļæסС»ˣǿԼģò᲻ҵİɣ

СôΪйìܲѡ֪ԼС类տɶܵ˵ġ
Ը񣬸ҺԼļˣһȭˡСĻֲܲ
Ǻðɡ
Сõͷѡ˳ӡ
ЦԼеСãǰһģһ
ܣǰ¾ˣҵţ컯գǿҸŮòΪʲô֪ɣ
嵭˵Ƴһۣһ裬֪Ϊʲôо㤣̻̲ͺһһ
ˣ
СӾȻ֪ˣ
ոڣ˭ģ

˵ĸоˣȻʲôˡһӵܷ׷ȥоˡ
һ࣬ܵϴ㵡⣬ţıƽյֶ
˵ʵû뵽ȻͻȻôʲô鶼һ
ǰЩͳͳʶˡ
壬ҵģ

ǧ򲻸õôֵܵһ⣬ôҵס
ý¡ҪǴĻ֪Щˣò˵ˣԺˡ
ί߲Ǻܺ
ѵΪһ١˵ġͷˣ
ܾӸ£Ķ壬еļͲм
ˣܷˣ
ЦԶ㣬ܷɲǿЦģ
һܿǷһǾĹӵܡӲֻǹѪŭпͷˣ

ʼ⡢֮һɶ϶¶ֻϷӡ
ǻ쵰Ҳɵӡûֱ£˭ͷ
һɴǸƲ簡
˶ѾԤ屻ˡ
ܲʹ죬ǳĲʹ졣
СүֵֻµһСܶѡСܾȻﵽͷˡ
ܵˣ
һĹϴѪҺ·Ϫһǿ漴ӹű
辳
ܵʵﵽԪĽףԪϴĵزԪ׻ڹѪСүʵǿ̫ˣ
Ȼ̧ʶ٣ҿԣ
Ц
𣿡
Цк޹˼ɡһ֪Ϊʲôһ̵ĸоǳ죬һһ
ϸ룬ܿ粽ת͵һȭ˹ȥ꣬һĹƺϹѵȻûܸˣܾʹһľУ
٣ıӣ
Χһپֵĵɴ۾׷׶ܵıӣͺܵıʲôֲĶ
ҵıôˣ
ȻԺոͷоһĵʹǻһζͬȵѪһӿ˳
ҵıӣ
͵ķһ˺ѷεĲҽУּ죬ëȻֻһɲǣףԼһ壬Լıˡ
ĹͷȫĵطҲĵط
ܱﰤôһȭűӾϺһڵϣɥʧս
ôҲ벻ףԼһȭôϵģ
Լף˵ˡ˵ֻԱ˰벽ȻһȭͻˣͬʱһȭҲҵܱϡ
ˣ
ҲǵһκһˣмＸ֪һԪ׹ѪľȻԪĽ׹辳ģ
ȫ԰
ֿɼݰ
ܵĲ״һͷƤ顣мֱӾѾˡ
ܣǰЩѹ͸ģ
ץܵͷžžӡ˿һʶͼɣȿǲԶˡ
аҲҪиȣȻǿŮ֪ƽ𣿡
˵žž⣬ݶˡ
С磬úãúã
ʮСԱ߻ȸԾΪйޡȻԶ֣СԸһҲǺܹġ
ȭоеŭҲһЩһһľЩѹˡһԼȥ飬岻ܡ
Ϊɱĸؽգǳ衣ֺ֣ݣ
˵Ḷ۵ģ
ܺ۾û
ž
͵һܿ£ڤڤƺʲôʹú߰һɲȥ
ɫɷף亹ֻ꣬
ܣΪҲ֪ҦǱΪ顣ҦԸҡ㹷ƣΪԼҲǸ
߹ȥ
ֻһûʲôСɫƾһˣûָʹôӸϷŪԼ
ֻܳԾɫ֪Լ¶ˡôʹҲһҦѡ
ҦȻԼûʲôڣȴԼĴ硢йìܡֻʹ
壬Ҳ⣡ǰˣʲôᣬб¾ȥҦүǰˣ簡ǣǴŮôһжҦָʹģͳҦȥ
ܹӣŭ
٣ܣΪҲ𣿡
ȵľ仰Ҫȥ¥λ֡·С
бʹ·ɡҵҪҦô˵
Ц

Ҳ֪͵Ĵӵվ۾ﺮһ¶̹ǵԹ
壬ҪǸ˾͸ˡ˭ȥ˭ڣ꣡ˣ
˳𲻱Ǿӣ
Ը壬ҦԼԸɣ

ĻҪ˳ܴ·ܿ͵˹¥
ֻİͨģһ˽ǵ¥󣬷ܶɷǷ¥ֳܹĲ㣬ɫ̽˳Ű˽һ㴹ۼ
ʵΣϤĽипѡ
ǰٻص¥ʱһƬϾɲˣﵽǲҳѲĸ֡
˵ת۵㣡
ǰĸһֱĶ¥ҲΪԭһ٣ٶĻط¥ķַǰפۿ
ûǼ£һж᲻һɣ
尵
һжصԭ㣬Լ游ֹһУһеĻᡣֻһУȴѾ֪ˡ
壬еӾ͸ҽɣ
һ࣬Ѿ¥Ļϣŭĳ֡¥˽Ҧˣ˭Ҳܽȥ
ܲͬҦˣҦĻǴ档˵廹ͨһ˽ȥֻˡ
ô𣿡
巴ڡ
ߣϻ˵·ɡ

ʱӦѾ¥ˡܲܳɹͿ졣һСãѸٵ̤˹¥
ֻ˹¥֪¥жô֣ûʡÿһ㶼ٶλϯ
忴÷ַЩ˻Ҧˡмǰˡ
ɱθϣЩҲǡûϣҦν˼
ЩȻǲ֪ҲûʲôֻͬһĴߴ٣巴ڣʱ
߰߰
Сӣò˰ɣ

ܳôĿưոݡֻԸҦֺݺݽѵһ١
ʲôߣΪˣ
¶һӣȴЦҲҿϵһҪ֪¥飬ֻ½ʮӶҴ
һãȥ
һƦӣʮûоκεע⡣


7 ŭҦ
¥żһȺʳȺǸṫӾһ𣬶λõһ»ʸŵֺõľơ
Ҧӣ룡
ҦӣҾһ

ṫһԣһĶ๧ά֮ʣΨΪհҦ̸·ţǾ¹ټϼԨڹ֮УҲǼΪ
λؿҦĳλؾˣ
»ƮƮվƱ˻񵭣ֹ󷽣ʾһķȺʣڹ֮ҲǺȺ
ҦպգϵҦΪҦӣδ̳ҦһĵλӰ죬ҲǷͬСɡ
ˣǹҦһҲᡣ
ｻַǷ
żҦ΢۾źۼɨΧһۣϲͷ
ϲӣŸ׵ҦĽƣҦѾЩĹӶе˹¥
˵һξۻᣬҦ˵ҲԼģĻᡣֻҪܹЩӵģԺ󾩳бȻԼһϯ֮ء
ҪǣѾӦԼֻҪԼܹշЩӣԼİףΪãպͻ𽥷ſȨܼҵ
ȷļ̳˵λã
˶Ҧ˵һεľۻҪ
ڣҦԿóУҦӻǺӵġҦٿ£֣
λģҦֵܡԺʲôҪܷԸ
ӣӣܴˣ
żľŴ򿪣һ¥ĹɫҴҵĴ˽Ҧ˵
ô£̻ŵģ
ҦüȻЩãû׵ı¶
˵ˣʱҪ𣿡ܣһ
Ҧ
˵ˡ
࿵ԥŻ˵ǣѾˣ
һ䣬ʱһƬ
ҦԭֻЩ죬̲סЩŭֻһصС䣬һҪľۻᣬΪСƻҦĲ
ҦӣҪ
һ¹̽ŵ
ˣ
Ҧûѻ˵ͺԥľܾ˵
λ˵С飬ҦʧˡŹ£ۻ֮һȥ
Ҧ˵һϵһƽ˹ȥ
ҦٶԼƣĳЩµʱʶȤӦԼ⡣
ٲʶ̧٣ƻԼĺ£ǿɾ͹ֲˣ
Ҧӣαô鷳ֱӽˣ
һЦ⴫¡һƿ´磬Ȼǿд˽
壿
ⴳӰҦ𣬼Լ۾û뵽ľȻһԼû뵽ˡ
ôҦӣӭ
΢΢ЦҦ𾪵ıǳ⡣ҲҦԸһ仰˵ֱҦӣ
ľٶҦ۽ǳ鴤˼£ǿסеĲ죬΢΢Ц
ĻǿͣҦĳڲӭ
ϾǴӵܣһһţԶѰҿɱȡһ̣Ҳò֡
ǰһҦھռһϯ֮زûеġ۳ǸڵķȾͲһ˿ɱȡ
ϧҪҵġڵҦ磬ԶûдﵽԺյĳɾͺ͵λ
٣СãöóԵģǴƭģ
Ҳͷֵ
𣿡
һ˴㵵ĿУһԲԲСľ̽ͷ۾Ķŷ䣬ܿһζϡ
ۣҮ
СŮľ̾ԹԵĿż˽Աߣץһļȣͷ
õıֱͣӱӡŲôأȻԼС˵ԣǾͿԡ
ģĶء
ţóԣóԣ
СθСɲСһȣ³ˡһ߳Իһ³Ĺͷɸɾ趼ˡ
¥Ĳɫ㡢ζȫ󡢿աơھ֮кպ侫ϸ
ȻƽڼҲζȣȵϹ¥ôСáĴáֻԼСȻԷſ˶Եý͡
ôһѾɷӡ˳࣬ˡöҦƤֱ
⼸ӡ¥ҵģԶٶû⡣ҵġ
Сӱϳȥ˭µȥӣۻҪˣʵϣҦѾоϯյı仯ˡ
ƽʱҲͰˣӣľۻᣬǳҪôΪëͷС޾ôˣ
ûֱɰӣǿͣҦĳڹ¥ٰһϯеĳԺȣһӦȫҦĳͷϣ㿴Σ
ҦȻûб¶˿Ĳ죬̸ЦȰƺһҲ֪ҵġ
ݷȿУҲǰѣֻƾ㣬ͿԿҦŷ磬ھ֮вѰ˼ҿɱȡ
һֱڹ۲Ҧ仯Ҧ۽ǵĳ鶯֪ԼĲԣѾá
ֲ֣һڷ﷿ȾƣܱȵأҦȣӦòڷõλðɣ
ô˵òٽܻ¥ǱҦ˵һ񲻰׷ѣ
ҵҪ̵ʲôʱ򣿡
ЦŭҦ磬λҦжĻҲж̣嶼Ҫɹı
ĻҦڱɫȰû뵽β˲뿪
ӣûмǴĻûɣҦĳС֮ˣ²ò뿪ˡ
ҦѾŭ
٣ҵȻ֪û룬ȴܲҪȻǲҦ𣿡
Ц˵ץԱһǰľƿοӣĳһڣ޵
þƣ
Ҧú˿̱ݼһƤҲ
ʲôû룬ȴܲ
Ҧ绹Ҫ
ǹ˼ôȨӣҦһСӷϻͰȥˡ
˵Ȼ˸쵽ҪƤ
ҦҲŭڡ
֪ԼСĶûдʲôҲ֪ֻǻ쵰й¶Ϣ
ȴ׷Щʱ
壬һΣҪ𣿡
Ҧ
˵ʲô벻뿪Ӷû塣˶óԵġ
ߣҦ磬ͽһһ
еľƱһžһڵϣķѡ
˵ʲôûˣͽͼذ֣
һᵽʱýšޱҲóþǳҦģʹ졣
ֻһ˻ף˵ʲôͷȻҺҦԣҪ֪ھУҦɲͨ˼ҡ
壿Ǿҵˣ
һϯһڷӦϳݡ

ش൱ˬ
𰸣˶ʱɫѵøҺҦԣҦʶԭȻҵˡ
ֻһҲͰˣƵ۹¡ʢĽ֪ھУ˶ף滹һүӡ
һλ˼ɵĴڣ
ԭǾŹĺˣʧˡ
֪үӰã
Ǿκҵˣκүչˣһֱǻȥү˵˵κϣүпյʱܹݹ٣

һȺ˿õĿˣޱȡϾǡŹִһֶصĵλҲòһˡ
ԭΪֻһͨ־磬ķλŹҪҦԣһоȫһˡ
˻ˮʲôˣʲôҶ˵ģ


8 ֹ¥
ҦӣͻȻе£ˣ
Ҧӣյ͵ɣʱǸپۣ

һȨӺ䣬ߡԽԽ˸뿪
Ҧɫ࣬һٱ䣬ڵĸһ㡣һС̣ϣˣİֵȰߡ
û뵽ǹһ񡣺òӪһۻᣬӲıýơ
ЩȻ˵´پۣҦ´پ۲Ź֡Щ˾ȻŵˡζʱǾԲٺԼϹϵġ
壬ȻòߣǾͱˣˣǣҵҪǱô˵
Ҧŭ䣬һӣ͵վ
¡
䣬Ҧɫݣƻ͵Ĵ˽һ仰˵żָţͬӥצһ㣬磬ֱ塢Сã
жýݣһ֪ĳʹõĸǾõʽ
ʽΡãǱץУȻҪԲСĿͷ
Сã֣
ܵΣգС
СԼ£һֱ֣Ըܵʱû֣ʱȴԥж
ҦƼ죬ʯ䣬ҲʱСöˣ
꣡û֪ôģֻһĴ죬һҦҽţڵϣһֻԹĽǶŤƱ
ڶ³ң۵һѪ˻ûг߷ݰ˳ȥ¡һײǽϣײһ޴Ŀɳ档
ǰ󲻹һɲʱ䣬սѾˣСûվϣץһֻûļȣ͡
ž
ȫһļž
Ҧ¶𾪵ɫ˸ǲ䡣˭Ҳû뵽ǸСȻ̺˰
ѵصҦǰһ׵ѹˣ
⣡
СúܽıʶȥĿ¶ɫ
̫ˣôôµ
һȭҪϣҿ¸ܲˡһʮСŮô˿ֲ
ҦĻɶǾ񰡣Ҷţ

лڷ˶о𺳡ÿôıϾʮŮͯڸոһɲչ¶𺳣
˭С磬Ҿ
СվϣͷС裬ŭĿԲݡȻģ㣬Сʱĸӣ
ģ
иˣ˸ĴָȻǡҵĵһ֡ͼһģһȻ㣬ɹǣûκ츳ͨˡ
Ȼʽʲô֮ģһŲͨ󣬷Ӧ죬ʰҦЩ練ơ
Ҧ磬˼ƾ㣬κβã
ϽͣҦЦ
ʣǣ
Ҧ粪Ȼŭݼû
õҦ񣬾Ȼ򲻹һŮͯ⴫ȥҦ涼ҪˡѾ첻ˣȴ
ȵãٵȥʦ
䣬ҦһӣҦĸͬʱ̫֡Ѩ߸߹ΪСû˻ҪǿĶࡣ
ò£Ҧľɨˡ
һȴûԴУҦɳҦֵͬʱһָҦ磬ȣ
Сãץס
ûԼĿġܼҦĻʲôãȫҲ壬Ҧ¡
ȻҦѾˣûбҪˡ
䣡䣡
Сþ˵ıٶȴʱֳ飬Ҧּû赲ͱɳȥ
Сһ򵱹أһӣֱȡϯ׵ҦҦӡ

Ҧ糤Ŀ⺮˸Ҳ塢Сó׼ŭˣһ䣬Χ֮ڣȰ
վſڵλãһųܵɷ籩µѹϢȣʶ˼ʱдݡ
飡
ҲͬʱСúҦһСһֻȭҲкݺݵײһ
¡ĵ䣬оͺըһס⣬ҦһΣ
ͬʱСҲһ£˰벽
ߣΪʲôطΪûʰ𣿡
Ҧɫףò塣ĶˣʱҦҲûбҪʲôˣ
ˣ˸һϡãÿͻƽǧսһ
δ䣬һҦһΣ̤ңһԵĳ
ЩԭûôֵȨҲһ˶
ڴƵ۹Źͷֻϧÿ˶еѡǱļȫҦҰýġ
Ҧ裬Ҳòȥ
ã
һ˲ˮס
ǧ㣬ûϵҦʵȻôߡȻԶûеâ¶Ժһʱʱ򣬵Ҧչ¶µ츳
СõʵȻҲѹ
ץסҦ磬Լеļƻȫ׷ˡ
Ǽ䣬һǿҵΣдӿ
֪Լļƻ˾޴©ǰѹءеһȫ״
Ҧӣ㣡
ԣеȨһ֣ȫ
ͬһʱ䣬¥Ҧ찲ڹ¥ĸ֣¥ϵĶȫһ˹
С磡
СУô˹ĸֵһλȻٴҲչ黹һֻʮСŮ
ǰԹ
СãҪţҵģ
ǧһ֮ʣͻȻ̺֮һְĵСͻȻûɵİֳġ
ϻ
Сȫ̮ȻȻ˳

ֻһҽУСһҦСУǽڣˣ޴ֱҵȥˡ

֣Ҿһ
¥ĵһ㣬޴Ŀռ䱻װεⱦɽͰӰԶｻ
˭Ҳ֪˴Ƶ۹ơ
Ҧ۴䣬ΣϵĸơǶξۻĿȴֲֻᡣ
Ҧ֣һ桭
֣ȲҸ߽ѵü棬ϲ˵ģȺ˵
ϵĻû˵ͱҦˡһ˿ߴȣȻͬǱ죬Ҧ쳤裬һ彫佫
üͷţ촽˶վǴסˡ
Ǵͳ佫ԸֱûôĻҦͻȻʵĲ²⣬ҦҪаԼ
ʱѾע⣬ֻҪҦ˵ĿģͻԴǵľܾԼ
ȻƺȹѲƫƫҦᶼûᣬҲ֪δ˵𡣰ҦҪаԼӦñԼҪļʵȫô¡
Ҳһ˿ɣѵԼжϴˣҦʵҪаԼ
ȻЩΣϣҦֻԼġ
Ҧһңǵ۹ĹšܹͬЭģһΪ۹ЧǴ֮Ҳµĸ
Ȼ϶̹Ȼ޾塣̹С˳ݡֻҪԼûʣеֱҦʲô㣬Լη壡
Ҧ֣Ⱦƣ
ϾΣ˾Ʊ
¡˾Ʊʱ򣬴𶯣һӰص˽ϡ


9 ԽԽ
صأʲôڴ֣
Ϸ¾Ʊ˫üһ鲻ŭ
ɳ佫ɳӣھǺڣ׾ǰףϲľ˷ͣΥҵˡ
ʦصأӽ£Ȼڹ¥£ֱ޼ɵ޷죡
˵ţһƺҪ쿴
棬Ҧ״ʱĿһæ
Ǻǣ֣Ҷǳ͢Ĵ󽫣ЩСõȥ֣Ⱦƣǲ飡
һ˵һ߻˾Ʊʾϼ£ᡣЦεľۻıãһЧڶξ˵ˡ
뿪һƬľȫ׷ˡ
⡭ðɡ
ȻԸҦƱҲֻ¡
ҦϷ쿴ͷһɣùƺơ֮УҦҲơ¥ʲô˭¥ȫˡ
Լôܴѵ˵˴ˣ
Ϊ˽ļƻ˰š¥ͭǽڣһֻӶɲ˭ôͣĹ¥£
֪˭ڹ¥ﻵҺ£һʬΣ
Ҧݺݵսȭͷ۵һ˿Ĺâεļƻϵλ׹֮Ҳϵ͢Ĵ֡
ҦУ·ؿڣ˭һļƻ˭ҦҵС
Ҧڳ͢ԼӰ죬Ҫһһҷ𣬼ȮԲ̫ѣ
֣
Ҧ룬ǾһϡλԸֱ䣬ڿ̰壬ǲסֻǻ鿴
صأ竣ȨӵܶúܣⲻˣֻҪֳͿˡ˵¥ԼҲһЩֻһҲƽϢˣֲ
δ䣬飡һӰڵһӹ¥Ϸɳݺݵڽϣűǵĵ
Ǽ䣬Ҧ춸ıɫ

Сãҽǣ
Сãɺᣡ
Գժң

¥¥żСôһΧҦԼǵῡǾƤһ߷ɳȥ
СǣʱɹʽٵÿƫƫԼҵСƴӡ
Ŀֲǰһӻ۽硢ʶ;֮һжʱȻͬ
Ҧ绹ǵֵסСȭ⣬ȫֵסֻһĹ㱻ðҰ
żǽһǧٿסСõЩ߷ɲֱƤһɳ¥ɵȥˡ
Ѿͷ
ҦԽԽľҲԽԽŭһ˫۾ˡ
ãһʮ壬һʮꡣ˵ʵûû뵽Ӳ硣ľۻᣬԼˡ
СѾͷץס壡ץסСӣ
Ҧȡ壬СѾͷԼһȺ˵Ķ֡
ҿƴӵĳ̶ȣֻҪ壬СѾͷҲԻ־ܡ
ˣ
ҦĻĸϹҦСãֱȥ
ಣһһѸٵ⼸˵˻ⷿһǶ֡ǰ۽硢ʶϾֻԱǴ´ġ
Сãҵģսپҽӣ
ľܼ꣬ѸٵЩҦҵĸ֡
¥ͭǽڣҦ찲ĸ֡Щ˿ʼû⣬һǵע⡣
ǲ˾սģսپĻȵЩ˸ϹԼСþͷۣҲǵֵ
֣
СӦһԽԽݼȫ˷ܵķȻǰҲܣô
Щ˸Ҧ֣ҦǾԼԼȭͷһһȭһֱһһӵ˼ͱƽһ룡
Сãڣ߰β
׼һʱָԼСֱȡҦ硣
Ҧ۹·˷עĶ߰βֻǳʽСԸֻ롣
䣡
ҦһΣ̤һ´Сáϴ䴦յģȻƫˡ
ã
ҦһٸвСС߰βƺȫͬ߰˷ֵľ롣
ֻʽĻ˲ŻҦ߹СʽϤĳ̶ȣҲ͹һʮŮز
һ©ƽʱҲͰˣʱҪġ
ͷԺҦҪ󳷣ѾˡһֻСȴҦƹݺݵ
¡
һֻξ鳻УҦ£ľ׮һݺݵڷذһĵذ壬һҦҵķѡ
ˣСݣݺݵİҦ˫֣һϣĹ졣
ү
Ҧӣ

ż⣬ܼĽŲȻֹһѸϹҦ֣ͬҹӿҦ米Сһľ֡
ҦҦӾʲôߣ෴츳ˡүҦҲ޲ڡ˭Ҳû뵽ҦΪȻһСŮͯ
˭˺ҵĹӣ
ľ֮һȺҦһԳ˽
ץסǸСӣҵĹӣӣ
һܼҵĹָȡ
⻰СòȻŭ
˭Ҹ磬Ҿɱʲôү
СðһšһĹһ֣߳Ҧֱ۶šˡ
ҦӲҲҽгɫɷף۵Ķͷ亹ˡСöԼСƴӣҲġĽ
ҪСѾͷšԼֱۣԼԺǰ;١
ס֣ͳͳס֣
ҦּԸ߰츳ˣûгԹʲôڼС涪
壬ǵʲôҾͲôĵӣҶ֡ңܽôҶҪҸҵҪ㸸ô˵
ҦѪԴҽ˵ذ塣Ϊ֮ͬʤ޼ƫƫŮͯһ߷ߣΡ
ʽǿССʵǿɲֻǳôǾƲĵġ
򲻹СѾͷҦҵļӰԸ塢СñһǿԵġ
治֪
۾ŵϵҦ磬д⡣ҦһãȻɫȷҦĲ֪
ҦԸϣΪأ⣬ȻҦ綼ˣ伫
Ҳֻܸ̾Ϻϵľĺ
ȻҦ粢֪飬ⲢļƻϺҦȻǸСҲʲô
ǼͿԿնġ
Сã
Ŀһ˹ȥȻȷҦʲô֪Ҳø˵ˣ
֣ҲɢĹͷ
ң
һȺˣϵҦȫʧɫ
֣
ݵĴʧɫУСͯɵࡣԼССǴȥ˼ģȥɡ
ȻС˵Ҫ˼ңǿ϶˼ҵɡ
¡ݺȻʧɫĿУСǿֲСָ߸߾Ȼһȭ¡

һĲҽлգ¥¡¡


¥ĵһ㣬¥ϽӶ׳Ҧ쿪ʼ⣬һİϣ˵ûû˵
ҦҦȻһ̲סվ
ӵһ˱׳ڣҦȫôҲû뵽ҦҲ˽ȥ
ҦʲôΪָܳҹ¥ﰵ֪˶ٸܹ֡ذΧл˷Ϊ֮ǿ֪
ҦҾͷôһж׼֣÷ʼԼ²иʲộҦǾˣȥҦҵڽ
뵽ҦҲס
֣ˡˣ
˵仰Ҧ۶һɰĽɫӽ籡¡¡¡ֻâһϷֳһ޴ĿҦȻƵذ壬ֱ¥¥ȥˡ



10 ݺݽѵҦ
Ҧ磬ܺңҲһһ
Ҧ米ϣСõİ£ʹȫҿݺҦ磬һ˫ȭͷҦкҦס
Ҳк޼ҦСưԼףСʹܶԸԼһһСûһö
Լ»صʮ꣬Ҿͻϡ
һȭǰҴģ
һȭΪԼģ

ȭ꣬îҦ羳ΪԶ壬վѪ֮ǰͳʮأʲôĿ̶ָƣ֪ʹס
Ҧ翪ʼӲСʧҧزȭȴȻСԶãȴʮֹ̲ס
Сң
¡ҦӵƵذľôһ档ҦĻϲŭɫҦĲ״Ҳ̲סŭڡ
ҦĴôҲû뵽ġ
С
Ҧɫ࣬һ͵塢Сȥһֻֻţָ֮йۣΪһС̫ɢѹ塢Сȥ
СȻҲų˫ɰĹǰҲ֮Ȼʧɫ
С磡
СɫһŵɫˡԵ첻µز£ҲǺͬȣȵҦɳޡ
ס֣˭Ҷ֣ɱСӣ
棬忴巿ֵ˭Ⲣ峸֡
ϣСһһĽסҦĲӣһһȦѪ˳ۿＸ֣ҦҦӾҪʮСˡ
ˣŨҵĹھûмߵĵطȻֹĿĹ󷽣ֳҦɫ
Ҧ죡
кݺһſԼֵ˭ǰһֻҦ켸Σȴǵһμ
ҦĿֿͼеһһ۵ӡ
СҪǸҼҷϷؽʬΣ
Ҧɫ࣬ɫĿ¡۹ɱˣֻˡ
ٺ٣𣿡
Ц˼ҪЮˣ˵ҪЮĻҦһ
ҪʬΣҾҪӾҵҪǼҦǲͭǣסС
˵СһһѪҦ졢Ҧ縸Ӷɫˡ
Ҫ
Ҧʧ
ӣ
ΧҲǴʧɫ塢СãҲССһ˲ܸҺԼҹģϾҵĹϵ
ǿӣŷ֣СûҪȫԳȥȡ
֮ȫɵóġ
Сң
Ҧ˫ŭԲҪҧˡ
ӣס֣
һڷըҦԶĵطһ϶ϤӰԨ٣ڷ
ף


һϲСһ˳
ӣɵú£
ϿãɫҦ컹ҪѿһľЩˡ֮ǰҦڵżȾƵʱ򣬻˵ʦصأЩ֡
Ȼû뵽ڹ¥ǣܶŹ˾ȻԼһԶŮ
ȴûô࣬׳֣˷ܲѡֻҪܰѸƻҦⳡ棬Լֵõˡ
ף鲻
æ͵
ҦֺҦȶֵġ
סڣ
߳ɫŭѣʵ̫ʧˣĸ׺һΪӻͷ;֪벻վǱѸģʵ̫ʧ
żѻȸ̫ʢϵ¥˶СŵС԰ףɪ
С⻹һοôƢСԼоԼǴˡ
֪õĸܣƣ֮һƬȻոһϲҲѵȻ޴档
ô࣬ôŬֻΪ˻ΣڸĿУԭԼǸӵӣ
ֻһƬɬ
ǣ׽ѵǡ֪ˣ
ͷ
ʲôȶֵġ
С첻µز£µľǸסһ֣ŵСɷףίǳĲΪ綥ײס
Ȼ¸ףԸίʲôûΪʲôҪϴ
ЩԶ٣ѵǵĴȻ֪ΪʲôҪԸЩˣССôɡ
סڣ
ϲȻŭ
Сã˵ˡ
æõ֡ȻᣬЩܡֻҪƻɹˡһҲν
£ĿҦ类ԼСҦϼ޻Ʊ棬ҲܰѸ׺һ顣
ɵӣ֪˽췢£ҲḸ׺Ҧ카ᣬѱˡԸоóҦ֪㣬ԲŻԵرķŭ
ڸ
һ죬ԼĿĵġ
ҸһһҦ۾ȴһ̲סһһͣ˭֪ǲϷ
Сҷſ
Ҧ죬סڣ
һȣҡضɫҲͲסˡ
ôҲԼĺӣҦ쵱ԼһҡСһ䡰Сģ׵ںεأ
ҦΪѾ̤ˣ
ȻͬţҲòŶҦԼҵŮôôộܽǶԼ¡ֲҦѵ
ˣ
һ䣬ҦҲʱɫ˻ŶԷССĶ֮Ϊλƽ֮ļ仰ʱţ˻ҩζ
λ͢һŭ˶Ҷ
еҦ¶˼ɵɫ
忴һĻ΢΢οչ黹Լģʱ廹ø׺Ҧͻ
Ҧ죡Ҫӣ㣡
ûи˳ͻĻᡣ֪ȻҦ첻Ǹʱһ׾ѣƴһʱ
飬彫Ҧһƣʹ˸ַûҦ翪ͷѨһ£ȥ
򻢲ɣҧǾƲȥɵġҦʵԶԼǿǾôˣһֳ֪
ҦһΣæԼĶҦס
ϣ̵ĺöӣ
Żбñ׵Ҧ磬ҦĶڵѪļƻ׼࣬ĲĻţҪ˹û뵽δɵİĺӸ˼ƻ
ҦڻȷԸǲǴͨһԼϷġǲôԼļƻǳ׵ˡ
ԼǸ˰Ʊģ֪ߵϢָԼʧԼ
뵽Ҧӵʹ
ϣ鲻ôˡǸ浽ҲһҪҸҶһ
Ҧ춢ϣȻƻѾʧܣǾûбҪίˣҦ챧ӣһȺҦĸͷҲصתȥ
Ҧһߣɫ
ӣһؼȥﲻҶ𣿡
϶壬ĿһתСϣ
̫ʧˡԺٸ磬һѧȥ֮ҽ죬һҲ̤ţ

СĽſԣôСķؽգ
ּۻۣû
Ϻ
һƬȻ߷һ֮ԼոպֳǿŮĳţڹ¥ϺҦҹӴ֣Ҫı丸жԼӡ¸ѡ
ǲܸ಻Լмһ˵
ף֪˵ʲô㶼ţһһҪǵãȵ׷رפֺ֮ԽǵһҪȺʮһ
ʲô˼
ⷭĪŭڵʱ⻰ҲһҲʶѿһ䡣


11 Ȱ
ȴûϸ͡
֪˵ʲô׶ţм飬׺ܿͻ֪һ飬ֻҪ߳¥ضټɳܿ͵ڶ飬׼ĵϾ͵׺ܿͱϻرפأ
Ǽ٣Ǻ˵˵ȷʵˣʱһ֪

һ׺Ҧ֮󣬼ǰŸճ¥ϾͱټϢҦͱ֪ġ
ҲҦ찲ŵļƲߣǰνӣʹøû̫ʱȥ˼
֮ҦڱĹϵѸ׵͵˱ʹø׳׵ʧȥǰĻᣡ
֮󣬱㷢˺ֵ顣
鱾Ƕ£ûԵı߽ֵĺ첻̫вԸ׵ȫ׻
ڹؽʱ̣ҦıȴͻȻ֣ɱ˹Ȼ׻ˣȴˣҦֵļ
Ϊ飬ȻŭΪҳ׵ıͶ
Щ嶼ǵȴû˵̫ࡣ
ʱ˵ʲô׶ǲŵġ˵ֻ̫࣬ʵ䷴ǵȵҦ뿪ӪأشͻȻڸصʱôòԼ˵һжˡ
߷һ֮Ҳһۻģ
ֻҪԼ˵һ飬˵һ飬׾ͻףԼſڿӡ
ֻҪԼ˵ģ쵽뾳ʱǰʮôҾĶһ١
ԼһҲͲǰ׷ѡ
ʱȴζƵģ
ĻϴסˣʲôСҲһסˡȷʵԼС˵ÿһ仰һȴһҲ
ʵ˵Ķ̫棬ڲܣ
ں˵˵ʲô
ϷӦҪŭ߳䣬һ֣صɫֲɳˡ岻ں˵˵
ĸ׵ĲӳٶôʧȻһ˿Σϣĳˡ
ĻΣʵڹڷ˼
ոռչ˾ټ˵һ¥ſھټڱĵĽ춼֪飬һСִӺ֪
˵ϸ񡰹涨鷢ʱ䣡
ֱ޻̸֮
ף֪㲻ҡκСõ¥ȡ֡ҦػģѾΪ塣׺飬ͱţʱټضҦ顣
ҲͰˣˣ븸ΣһҪ˵ҦҪ㣬Ѿܾ
ˣ
˵ţȥڵأһ
ֻһףʲôΣաڣѾһŬ
ڣֻϣܼס˵Ļ
ˣ
ϴ˴漴ŭ
ʱˣ㻹ӸҶϸҹؼȥҷ㻹죬ǷǣҾʹȣ
С磬˵ˣ
Сɪŵֱڵɫǳѿҷǳˡô󶼺ٿӡ
ǣס
峯ԼСõݹȥһ񣬴ӵվûͼŭԼĸס
Ѿ㹻ˡ͸ӿȺ忴ϤӰ
˵ˣǱҲòˡǶǴӦúܿͻף
ѱãϵɫԺһЩ
һȥȥ˵
һ˦˵¥ݣתȥ
һԲڸ׺棬һ߳˹¥

Ⱥ飬¥Ǿĸߵ¥˲֪˵ע⡣
ף֣ô
˸ճ¥ȺͻȻһкŤͷȴȺϤӰ˹
ˣ¬ˣ
һ漴Ӧת˹ȥһһ¬͢ǳ͢Ĵ
˳֮⻹һݣһĸĲ
λˣô
߹ȥ˺
Ǻǣѵñҵ¥ۡǧѵһأ˵ܲ
¬͢˵Ц
¬͢ͱǳ͢ʿҲߵĻš˳˹֮⣬ƽ˽һ𵽹¥ָߵѵĵطۣ⻹ͷһΡ
վһֱû˵
¬͢Ǳ˵ĳһ⡣ǰʱͬҪĽɫ
ǰһʱ򣬸׺ҦܻᣬҪ֤ɫ˵ѧʿ򣬵¥ȴֹ¥лͣͳͳˣκ˽ȥ
ǾôһطȴһҦ档
Ļ֪
鵱ھʦֵ÷зȴ֪黹һࡣһ֮ܶ꣬һжѾòҪ֮󣬲֪̽ġ
飬һ֪ġࡱ
¬͢ǱõģıվԱߣһԲı¬͢¥Ŀ˸׺Ҧıܻᡣ
û֪ⳡ֮ǰѾͶҦ
ǰҦ˼˻ϢͱȻ¬͢¬͢Ӳ˵ѡϣõö
Ϊ¬֤͢ʣŻζĸײɣ
Կóɫ̫ÿ¬֤͢ϱҦģȴзã˼֤ϺҦѵ֤ˣ
ﻰߵλܹܡҲӦó˰ɣ
а
һжǰźõģôܹҲóˡ

ǻӦ¡¡ضɽҡһ޴󡢻ӽͷʻ޴ͭǴŻݵ
ĳÿ̽һŰߣ˫£Įޱ飬ɢһɰϢ˸оɲ⣺
룬߰ɣ
΢˵˵Ťͷȥ۾Ŀǰͺʲôûһ
һ˲žѻȸ
ܹܣ
𣬼ʶŤͷ壬·һ㡣
˵ˣŸո߳¥Ȼˣһߵܹܣ
һɲһƬκˣĲ˼飡
ΪʮĲϱ˭ףܹ̫ܵˡǿģҲ
ֻѰټò
ϸ𶯵ǣһУô֪
ͻȻԾ
ѵֻɺϣ
д˷֪Ҫټ֣Ͼһϵˣ˫Ҫġ
ټľʱ䣬˼ġ
һɲǣԺд˷Ժͷ
ζ޷ףӲ֪һѹӣΪʲô֪飿
ھ͸һȥ飬һȥ֮дã
룬ϣܹѾڴߴˡϵѸٵʧķ
忴Ÿʧķ¶һ˿΢Цȥǰ𾪵ʣԼļƲڷá
ڶҡ
֪һлֻǿʼȵ׼֮ͻԼӡӣӼ߰ߣϣԼһҲûƭ
С磬ô죿ȵǾˣ
һߣСץס壬ȹϵϼתڻǵø˵Ҫ֮Ļ
Ȼ첻µز£ҲԼ׷ӣ岻ͬһٸӣҲҸڸǰ档
ԼСû̼ӣ岻Ц˳ԼСûɵĿɰ
ġײģǲµġ
嵭һ

Сþȵ̧ͷԼҵС磬Դȫת
ˣҾˡ
ԼСôȵӣ̲סЦһѡ
Ȼ˵Ҫʰǣȴ֪ν֮󣬺ܿͻᱻӪء
һ㣬ȷɡ
ʰһ飬ܿ¬͢ͱ˹ȥ


12 
¬ˡ
һ񣬶Աߵı
ӡ
¬͢壬һ΢Ц絽һ¥﷢ʲôȻĸŭ崳˴¬͢ûж
Ҧˣˣ˫Ͳ·˽³ͻġ֪ʮСӽѵҦҵҦ磬֣ǳϲȰһ˫Ů
ӲصġʹҦҵĹ𣿵һȥ¡
¬͢ٺЦ
ģ
С۾һΪ棬¬͢Ц
һůλ¬Ȼǰָ֤ףϣҲֻǱˣ˵ԼĶĵǲ
¬Ǿ֮磬ֻǣ֮ĲУ֮Ĳޣ¬˻ҪСòźáЩ˱ұֱòȻ˽ȴ۽ѱ䣬ͶΪ嶷׶˿ҪЩǰ
ⷭȻǶ¬͢˵ģĿȴһֱԱ߱˵úɫ䡣
Сӣʲô˼
¬͢Ҳޱ֮ˣɫһ䣬˳Ŀߵı
͸ײͬ¬͢Ҫöࡣ
ߴĲͶײ¬֪͢ġĻƺָϵͻȻԼ¥ԼܹͻȻ֣¬͢ͻȻоʲôĿ˲ɫ
¬͢ᱻãȫΪûзУ˶Ǿӡģ¬͢ѹûѱġ
һ˹¥֮У򵥵ĳԶٷȴô飬ȴɲ¬͢롣
Сӣں˵˵ʲô¬¬֣˵˵
˸ֲ
ʼ򶨣¬͢񣬶ʱҡ
ƽ£ҹ벻¹š˵ľԲǱ
鱾飬¬͢ԸֱϬֱָĵˡһСͻƵܣ¬͢Ķ죬⧲ʱҡ
벻ˡ
¬͢Ŀޱȡ
ʼǽŽɣڣȴȷɡֻһСӣ˵Ļȫ档ķӦѾȫ˵ˡ
ʲôСֵʲô滰ʲôǼٻ
٣ˣȰһ䣬˭Ц˭Цá֮Ӯ˭䣬˵̫硣Сѹˣ
ǰһ
ʹ˵ΪҪѺܶഽ࣬벻¬͢ĻҪԼֻǸѡû뵽ֱӾ׷࣡
¬¬֡˵ʲôã
亹乣Խ˵Խң˵ȥŤͷȺֻȥ
¬͢ȴû⣬عͷ塣
٣˭Ц˭ЦáӹȻǾŹã˵Ĳã˲ͬ
¬͢һ͵
ʮоǳر𣬲Ե֮
ȴһЦν˭Ц˭ЦáԽ֮ǰǸ粻ǺͨѰѣ磬¬͢Ȼû˵оӱ
ˡ
嵭󷽣䵽¬͢УΪ졣
¬ˣСӻ£ȸˡ
幪ͷֹ
ǵһμ棬岻˵̫ࡣֻҪλ¬͢¬ӡ֪ԼӵܾͿˡ
ӵһļ䣬ˡǰλƲ۵¬ˣŷǳҪá
ģģһУ
ǰʱһ飬ĳ󳼵С檹գλԼˣλ󳼵Сȴ쾪յ͵һ
յΨһһ
鷢˶˼⡣ûС檣ô֪ա
ֱλһԴǰ¬͢һΡ
鷢󣬼˶֪λ¬͢¬ӵзǷĵλ֪飬ʮа˾Ŷ
ӡԼǵá
ǱӡԺԼ»ǳ㡣Ҳλ¬˴кǰºӡԭ
Сã߰ɡ
кһԼСãʱֱլۡʻȥ
˼˼ӵܡ
¬͢ҡҡͷһ˿˿Ĺâһֱ뿪ת룬һҲû¥ֱķʻȥ

ͬʱҦҵĸۡ

УҦתֻûÿһͷھʹּأҦһصˡ
ˣ
һҦһתĿŷַﻹһӰԼվڴǰ
ף
ҦţӴվ˹ȥ
飬Ǹ壬޾ϸϸϸȫң
Ҧģ顣
壿
Ҧסˡʵû뵽Լѹĵһ£ȻѯǸ塣Ը׵ݵλƺòŶɣ
Ҧ֪׵ƢѯʣҷæѰľϸϸ˵һ顣
Ҧ粻û˵
ô˵ܹ֮ȫΪǸܣ
Ҧ
ǵģ
Ҧ䣬žһصȵҦϣҦİ߸
ף
ҦԼǰĸף˶ˡô󣬸׻ǵһô
֪֪㻵Ҷĺ£Ϊ˽£֪ҷ˶˼
Ҧɫޱȣŭɶ¥ô˵棬÷ûһˣҦڱ
ͨ
Ҧɫһ䣬ͨһ˫ϥڵϡô󣬻ǵһμ׷ôƢ
ҦȴȻŭ
塢Сõ飬֮ԽԽԾ
ȻҦôҲû뵽Ͼ˼ǧıеȫ˼ȫȻû뵽ǧ㣬Ȼ˾ǵһСϳ©
ܣ
ʲô
ƽֻ϶㲻ϡλ׹ݣ͢УȻΪôһ΢С
ȥֱǸЦ
Ҧұ԰ٳ߸ͷһΪ㣬ΪǸ֪ʲôܣȫΪӰ֪֪ҦǶôʧ֪֪ж࿴أҿһٱ֤Բ©ģ
Ҧ翪ʼһƷǳ޹Ȼ뵽ʲôɫһףԽԽףϢ֮䣬亹ꡣ
ˡ麢Ͳ֪
Ҧлֲ̿ѡ
Ǳ߼ƻԸ£ǲ֪ҪԸҪľҡ
ҪңؼϺֵĵط
ôҪ飬Ҧ籾ΪҪܾõģôҲû뵽ִеľȻô졣
Լڹ¥һȻ֮ƻ˸ôҪ顣
Ҳȫ㣡
Ҧֵ̿ӣҦֲһϾֻôһӣ˵ףԼҲд
Ϊ˶ԸϣԼķϢԼĶӶûиߡ¥ôıͣܶ˿ܵΪֹ֪ʲô
һãһʧ
ԼȸҦ磬ᷢ顣
ҦȻİοҦȴɸеĲ֪жôء
ǱҪǹǲǸһܵסġ
ȫʧˣ
Ҧ뵽
һٳŵһ¡ڳ飬ﻹ֪αŭ
ͬҦ֪ǱǾ޷ܵġ
ʧܣ
ҦĻҦһЦͻȻ
Ҧ춨ļƲߣôʧܣȻڹ¥˺ƤǾͻһƲߣɿƾˡ

Ҧ粢ʲôޱ֮ˣơ֣Ҳɴסˡһ棬ȫԼĸס


13 ҦĻ
Ķ
Ҧ飬Ҧ̲סһ䡣⺢Ȼ츳ˣǼı˼棬ԶԶûеõҦҵ洫
˵Լͷͷӵ洫ˣԼһɶҲٳûнĴȨָԭ
û˵һ仰ͽã

Ҧڵϣƺ뵽ʲôһ¶Ȼɫ
Ҧĵͷ
ǱߣȻܶ˿Һԣ˺ƤҲ˵ǹġǱߣ£ô£ǲľԱɹֻҪǼִԭļƲߣɿеĻɣʱڱһʱȻŲɡ
ѻãʹ汾˵ıԡˣԼŪƭ֪ǻʲô龰𣿡
Ҧɭɭ˵󣬼ҦҲе
Ϊ£ΪϡּıϣԼ͸׻̫Զˡһ棬ҦҲֻйڵķݡ
Ըֱ壬ټֻҪһӦԲãһ仰˵òԳͿԳ䶨
ҦĿ䣬ƺ͸Ҧ˸Զĵطܿ죬ͻعҦӵϲ
ɣͲصģΪ⻹һҪ齻ȥ
ʲô
ҦΪȻʲô»ԼڼƻҪ
ǶãҾЩ飬żȻҲͰˡҲ㲻ʲô̫¡¾һиżȻġ
ҦüͷţƺΪ˾˺ܾá
ǣ
Ҧʧû뵽νҪȻ
òŲʮ꣬ѵΪǻʶļƻ
ҦеţôҲû뵽ԸǻֶۡΣȻᵣʮС
ʮ꣬Ҳһڹ¥𣿡
Ҧɫ
ǣͬ
һ¹һ£ҦǸСŮʵȷʵǿĿ£Ҫ˵⼸СôǻܺԼҦ࿹⣬Ǹ϶ûƵľ֣Ҧζŵġ
ûʲôͬˣ
Ҧ
ðɣ
Ҧ籾ҪܾƬ̣ͻȻִӦ
ҵϴ϶ҲͰˣʵǣ˿ҲˡڣСҲﵽĲϡ
¥ô˵棬̫ˡ²ôˡûи׵ҲҪ취Ըġ
飬ϣǶˣ
Ҧı䣬Ҧɫÿ˲١Ȼ¥鹦ܴɣһɹ£
ü͸¥ǹȥƻġҦҲţǻڲ֮ıǡ
һ򣬾һΣڳ˹¥֮ҪСһ㣺
Ҽסô㶼ҺúõĶסǣʲôϢ֪ͨҡ
ǣ
Ҧͷ

ͨľ޴ΣɽȻȴһƬҡ
Ժ˼ȥģڹ¥˵顣
˵飬ϱһŵġʵǰɲš
Ÿոռãʹˡʱǡɾ߳¥ɲǡ
һȫ˵ˣ
ϲ嵽ô֪ġⲢǹؼĻһ顣
֪ңǲǹҦ飿
а
ƽʲô飬һɶԡҦĻ棬ֻһͨܵϯҲû̸ʲôҪ顣
Ҽ꣬ϲΪΪԼ
ôǼ٣һ֪ˡ
һÿȥ
Զһ޴ĹԻ׳ϡɫҫ۶Ŀ
ϸһ˿ܹܺ棬һ԰ȣĵڡ
һƬտ߽ȥʱ򣬼žĴһ˶ӰϷԨ٣ɢһŵϢǴƵ۹ص¡
΢ϣμ£
ǰȥϥ񣬺졣
յģ֮⣬һˡ
ԼڴϷĺڰһ˭Ҳ֪˶á
þõģ϶ĻӦ̧ͷʶĿһۣ֪Ϊʲôϸоƺƽ̫һ
Ŷϰˡ
֪˶ãȻѣƺʶϵĴڡ
΢ɲüͷƺ¡
ǣ£ң
Ͽڵ
һĳĬ˵ϱҲĬĬĵȴ˵ʵڶףʲôҪ飬ҪΪʲôܹټԼ
ô
˵Ҧڹ¥緹
˺ܾãſڵ仰ƺѾܴ쳣ĳء
䣡
һʯǧˣĻȻ֮䣬ס
Ҧ죡
˵ʱϻţȻû뵽ܹȻΪҦ죡
Ҧֻ֮һͨͨûʲôһҺҦڣϾΪ黳Լ
ʵǰ˵ˣ˶Լġ
гޱȡ
ǣ
Ͽڵû˿ĳɡûʲôġ
ǣҦ㣬Щʲô
ţʵƺЩζ
ĻвĸӾˡ
ڶ£
Ѿ˵еĵڶˣиӣ˵ĸоһֱǸӵ󣬹¥һ˵ȫ޻̸֮
ȻڣѾôˡ
ҦҪңѾҾܾˣ
Ͽڵ
ڽ֮ǰϾô˵ǵʶѾΪҦԼ֮Ѿôˡ

һ󳤳ԭգ仰ͻȻ֮ɳ˲١һǿͻȻɳ۹һ
ԭˡ
ڴϷ˵ɲˣͺжǧصһ
ʵ֮ǰѾ֪ͨˡ
һͻȻڵ
Ŷ
ϣ˶ӰȻֱˣһ¶ɫ֮ǰ֪ͨң
ǵһšӦѾ͵ѵûп
ϱԷʱᵽϣԼǰ֪ͨȻûбҪдһš
û뵽Ȼȫûյ
֣ܹܣȥһ顣
üͷһθеΡ
Ϣ磬ɲܹܴҴȥֻһ·أ첽ߵߣＸ䡣
Ȼ˵ʲôȴɫԱ͡ÿࡣҲɰңԼ㵱ʱĻдһš
Ļ°ٿԡ
ȷʵ¡ֻ¶࣬ȥ⵹ˡ
΢΢Ц
ǺǣˡѵûؾǺþòѵһۣҲصؽܹܹȥ㡣ôӪ滹ðɣ
һת˾Ӫ飬һ˵ţһߴλվȴһɫ󣬳ɵˡ
У׺һоͺʲôûзһ
еµĸһ
Ǹ͵ľˣ飬֪޲ԣ޲նʱࡣ
Ҽ꣬˵˴˶סЦ
ʱϲŴ뿪


14 ¬͢Ķ߷
Ϯ棬ȴһҲɡ
˵ĻԺзȥ
ϲòϣϣԼǴˡɽ׸ģסһֱΪӹ̬ȷڸԼǷǡ
飬ѣϿ»֪ѾΪԼҦ˲
ǸľˣⲢ˵ʲô˳ɻľǡΪ߻䡱ΪΪ߼ɡ
ΡҼĽ飬ΪԼС˵һ仰ҷľˡ
ˣϻǺȫ˵Ļ
ôܣҦݺң
̧ͷգ겻ѡ˵ҦݺԼϻǲ̫š
Ҧֻͨͨļ棬һξƣϯʲôûġҦôݺ
ѵ˵ȴξƣݺ
Ҳδ̫ף̫˰ɣ
ҡҡͷа˼⡣˼ʱͻȻһգԶԶĴӴϴ
һ̧ͷһƥＲ۶
ǰ
ϣһĺ󆽫ԶԶȵ
ǣʲô£
Ŀһɫϡ
Ž̷פأ
󆽫ˮһ֣һֻɫļ˵תͷת۶ȥѸٵʧڷС
ϰǺɫļУϼӼġ֣˲ɫ
ɽϵ֣˼ʮ𼱡Ҳ˵ڽӵɲǣͱͣ㣬̵ĸפء
飡
Ͽеļзɲ
Ÿոռ̨׶ûпĽӵ˱ĵʱ˵˿
ֱ̫˼ˣ
ʵڲ嵽ô֪ģ
еɻԽԽ࣬ԽԽءҦ죬塭̫̫š
ֻʣһˡ
а˵Ǽʮ¡ֵפأѾܶûзˡ
ҲףΪʲôҪô֣صҪԼֵʱ򣬺ʮ
ô˸оĪǰϾԲᵱ¡ڣϾͲòϸ˼ˡ
ôȵ˱һоȻˮʯˣ
뻳У̨ףûзҸֱۡפصķȥ

֣Ԫѱˣ
뿪ͬʱڣɫһ˵һȻͬĻһ仰ûоʵ˵ʵûϵǷš
Ƿȷʵ͵ɡ
һͶģ
ܹܵɫҲ̫áϵŵ֮Ǳһ֣ԪĻŴߵġʱ䣬Ѿ̫౳Ͷˡ
ʣ֣ԪҲеһ
ʶҴǲȴң
ȭͷɫŭѡԶɵˣڣȰ˵ߵˡ
ߵ˼Ʋԣ׷׵ꡣǰܶǳεˣͶǱߡˣɲɡ
ϧˣҶĹڿϣǴˡ
в
²Ҧĸʱڹ¥ܻᣬ˭ɣҲֲõ¡ǲ׵ģ˵仰̫硣ҦҵСȻھ¥ͻѵͲʩչƣ𣡡¸ò˵ܳ°ɣ
ܹܿڵݡ
ˣ
仰˲ɫ֮ܳǵȵʱľ£Ϊ£͢ﲻ֪˶ٹԱĸףܵǣ£
һΪ㱻
ˣӡ
˵
ɫ˶ԭչüͷ˼
ūʲôû˵լʺĲȻǺ¡ǵȴܲϾĸƤȷʵԩˣʱҪôǶԡڣϽۡ
ܹܵ
լʺ񣬵ΪϹܼң̹λ£ʶ̫೯ϵĹĶǡıˡ
ûԶѣֻԶ档ΪϹܼңԶֻ档
ǺǣҪ֪࣬⻹ף
ĬƬ̣ͻȻЦ
˵¬ѧʿ
ܹƺѲµ
š¬ѧʿǺͱһȥ˹¥ʣˡ
֣صĵ˵ͷֳ𾴵ɫѾõϢ¬͢Ѿš
μ¡
Ƭ֮һӰ˽¬͢һɫʿۣŴϷһ
¬ѧʿ˵Ҳȥ˹¥
ڳһỳɣǾ¬͢ⲻΪ¬͢ᱳ
һΪ¬͢ȹ
ǸʱҲԶûڵݵλΪһ飬Ҫı췴ǣѵ֮С
ʱŹñԸͻʺʱս޳Ī͢£ΣûΪ˵
ʱֻиոδѧʿ¬͢һˣðŴŭ»ʣͱΪҵΣգֱɡ
һ·׷»ʵ󹬣Զײں֮С
Ϊ¬͢ɣ»ӣϴɣȻһ
Ϊں󹬣֪˲ࡣ¬͢ҲûǰǴ»֪ġ
ӴԺ󣬶¬͢ΪءҲǳȡ
šȥġֹȥˣһһͦȤ顣£²ʣҲҪ˵ġ
¬͢һ΢Ц
Ŷ˵˵
йâһͻȻҲȤ
֪¬͢Ըܴλѧʿ˵Ȥ飬Բһ㣡
Ӧ֪úҦҹҦڹ¥ͻ˰ɣ
¬͢Ц
ţ֪ǺĪ¬ѧʿ˵йء

¬͢Ҧϵ飬ʱ¬͢˵С֮飬һʱ¡
¬͢ҲͰڹ¥õ飬ϸ˵һ顣رͱ֮ĶԻ˵رϸ
ĵϵĲ֣Ǳ¬͢һʴˡ
ʼֻȤȤһǺȴȫˡ
ô˵ҲѾѵˡ
ɫѿ١ϵ飬û뵽ȴַһѱı˵һ
ǺǣǷı飬ʵɲءʱѱµģǵһҲһֺαΪķ
¬͢Цôķ
ɢҪߵģվסµģվߡ
ЩͶģվǸ뿪˵ģ˭Ц˭Цáûα٣ҲλҪر˵ġ
ôĲҿ۽硢ʶǸʮˡ
¬͢ĻЦԱɫܹܣɫҲÿһЩǸûôһЩøС
˭Ц˭Цáǣ˵úã˵úã¬ѧʿ˵ĶԣֹǱЩ˲ǸӣҲԶԶ硣˸öӰ
ЦǸδı棬ȴʮͻȻĺøСִڡ롱ȴܶһٲµСֵ֧Ļûбοˡ
һԣ¶Цգ¬͢Ҳ˿
̫꣬ڵĴжôѡУǳϣһء
Ǻǣ˵Ǹӣ¬ƺмӰ
¬͢ͻȻЦ
ǣ
¬͢Ҳܻ䣬棬̹Ȼϣ
ССͣ۽硢ʶʵǲ򵥡ʱգȻǰ;Ϊ͢ŹɴҲһδҳӣδضֶһѵǿϲɺ𣿡
¬˶۾Ȼôߣ
˫üһˡ
£ֻʶƱαװҲֻмǡȻϡ٣Ҳһץһѡңû飬صжԱҲӦɰɣ
¬͢
ѵбԭ򣿡
üͷΪ⡣
ȻΪܵ£ҦϵĻ档ܸоƺô򵥡
¬͢˺ܾãſ˵
ʲô
ȻһԱϢԨܹҲüüһ¶˾ȵɫ¬͢Ȼû˵Ҳ֪ǹȥ¥ƻģһоȫͬˣ
ģ¬͢õǾһ㶼ˡߣˡ
¬ѧʿΪʲôָо
ֱһɫ¬͢˵£һֱǵС֮飬ʱ򣬸оȴȫͬˡ


15 ƵĻ
û˵ֻһָоҵãһʱһ£ھǾ˵̫ãǾӵ֮һ޷죬ЩĵĻ¡˵֮䣬ɳǿŮ֮顣ҲͰˣҵĽӴȴȫӡ
ֱԸҲ֪Ǵľˣη棬ӦٻһϲͨҪȻҲʱȥҦˡϣ΢оǴⱻˡ
ãֱ飬õˡ¥ϵһҦ磬ҸоȴǳǸȥˡҦı֪֮ԼļıСʶƣšȻҲֻһĸоΣ˵Ϊʱ硣
¬͢
ﾲĵģϵһ¶صɫ
¬͢Ȼ˵Լ²⣬Ǹ˸о̫ϤˣûһգǾԲô˵ġ
ǣҦʲôˣ
ʮСȻʶϺļı
ôܣ
ܹܻԿһۣͶ˶ӶԷпĲ˼顣Ѿˣ
£ͰˡǴӺǷ˭Ц˭Цá΢оʵҲǶԵ˵ġһˣܿ˿£ⷭ۽硢ʶǣֶΣѰʿܹȵϵġοʮѰ
¬͢п
˵Ǹ꿴صԭ̫ˣ
꣬þòҪϣ¬͢Ļ˺ܴ𺶡ǷǳܣŹһҲһ֧
ݡλҲһֱעʮСӡ⼸С¬͢˵˵ǾͲԵ֮ˡ
¬˵ʶҪҼСӣ
ã̧ͷ
¬͢ѯϵ飬ڣѾҪʣ¬͢Ҳ׵ġ
ǵء
ϣ¬͢ڰ֣Ȼˣ
ˣþǾŹʮ١ʱﶼһȥµʱȥҲ١ϾһлֻҵĲ²⣬ൽλδ֪
Ҳá
Цԣ
ѵ¬˶ôأҾƾǾ˭Ц˭ЦãҲò֣ܹ͡ܣȥ͵ϸȥ
ǣū
ܹܹӣ
һȣ
֪뵽ʲôԥһ£ʱҲˣǳһ㣬ȵ͹ȥɡ
¬͢ӹһĨ裬̾Ϣһ֪ϻЩûȫšһΣ¬͢ȴʲôҲû˵
·ң֪վüϵûѱ䣬Һ֮ûйᣬ¥ϵô¡ʱĹȥˮʯġ
ڱ֣ԪҶǲȴʱ򰵺ңȥͶ֮ͽʹйͷ֮ޣҶԸһѵԸһ֣Ԫ𣿡
ϺĮǱ߲ǻȱѧʿ𣿾ȥϰɣ
˵һƬɭɭ
֮ΣأıһԶЩֻ˵˵ѡȻڡ롱Ҳƽĵز
ϻͻᱻ˵ǲèʵ̫ʴˣŻᱻô˱ѡ
ڣˡ
ৣʣҴдһۡ˭Ҳ֪֮䣬Ѿע˱֣Ԫ˵δ
һΣܹܣ¬͢˭û˵ʲôǱߣҲʲôΪһ֣Ԫಲ˺ͷѪ
ѪܵĳΣ

ꤣ
岢֪з£Ҳûȥ⡣ڻϣԺд˷ʼ˼һЩ
׵飬ĶѾˡȵ֮Ҧڸ׵ľϽʱһо͸ˡ
ʵʩԼĵڶƻʱˡ
õʧ¥ϵ飬Ѿ˵һ㡣СҦһȺҦĴ֣Ҳ˸æҡ
ǰһľҲֵ˵һ㡣ǱԼֺܣֵֵز
ҪʵԼԸҪıҺʹƵˣԼͱҦһԼԼİס
ֻӵǿڶ׷ߣܸıΣķĵ۹
ҪһУȾͱӵӴĲɵйĲ
ǮʹĥƹԽвܵˣԽѱû㹻˭ֻΪЧأ
˵ԼֻһʮС
ֻԼŪôӴĲƸأ
üͷ
Ҳʲô޸֮ңҲûʲôԷ¸Ĳҵһ棬ȫָϵġ
ֻԼ취
һʲô취ģһʲô취ġ
ָԺ˷һϸϸ˼һ顣ûʲôƵ·ֻһЩ׬ǮĻˡ
һȫ䣬ⷽ滹ЩƵġ
ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬۾һһ
ȸ֣ԣȸ֣
ԭƵһɨգͻȻ
ȸ֡һĻƸ֣ɵʱ򣬱ĻˮͬʱȸֻиֲõƲϣû֮һ
һƽʱգȸ֡ӵһ֡˹ߡʿ䵶
ֲƵλй֮ף
ҪǣȸֵĴǷǳ޵ģ˾ͳ׾ûˡ
ںһġʿ䵶ǧԪ֮ޣмУ
磬ȸͬˣ
֮ԼǵֲָģΪ󣬶Ϊķȸֶͳɵıޱȣ׵˺ѡЩϧ
ڷ̶ϣȸƵģû֮һ
Ǹʱգпѧ飬ȸĵӵССѼ׼ݣЩϸСһͬȸַƥĴ˵
װȸ׽˴ףһնΣ״ң
ȸֵϵϸСݣʹö˿˺ѣѪڶ̶ʱʧѪҺ޷ЧֹѪ
ܶ౾ֻһЩС˺ҲΪԭˡ
ԭʹһ֧װȸĲӵ̸ɫģɲɱ
ǵĶ֣˲أ
ȸȻϡȴ֪ȴǡǡֵǮʱû⣬ΨһĲغɽھһĿʯʱ
һ͵ȸֿʯһɮЮأ´ʳ򡢴ơͻʺ޵۹
ҲǡӡȡǡáһδйȴͨΪʱ
ЩϡȸֿʯԻҪһԺ绹Ҫʮ꣬ȵĶȸֵġͷ֣Ҫʮꡣ
󣬲ʮ꣬ɽͻھһʯ
Ǻ͵һȸֿʯҲȫһ飡
ȸֵ״
ֿʯ޾ģȫϡеģҼޡʱ绹û֪
ϸԺеļ䡣ʱ㣬ɮӦѾ˴ƣˣǼٹעġĿǰע⵽ɮˣ˵ϵȸˡ
ԼʱȥҵǣͲܷһĺơ
뵽̲סֱ
Ȼʱղͬȴ֪ȸֶҲͬ۹ࡢȨǿĶ
ȸͿԳнݵλһǿ˵һȸֵҲܴڵǵʵ
ΪЩϡȸЩ˶Ըҵеģ
Լɮϵȸ֣Եõĺô֪뵽ҲͲסˡ
СãûȤҳȥ䣬Ҽˣ
ȻعŤͷһߵСá
䣿
С۾һǼǵø˵ǻȥҴʹǵȡ
ôˣ

ߣҲŲأ
뽫缤СùȻϵȻһЦСѵġڡתͷЩ˾۾ӵĵطȥ
ͼݣȥȸ֣


16 Ȼ
ȸÿȥۺĺ˴С
忴һֱۣӥǹ˵ͻˣĺСö˹ˣòͺƣȴȻͬˡ߾ˣĸߴ󣬹췢ַ𷢵ˣʳˣ֧ˡ
ЩԸĺˣ˵ĸоκһƽ磬ԶǸŵĴơ
Զŵ̬ȣȥӭ硣ںЩսʱ򣬴ҲûȫųЩˡ
ʱգǵ֮ġֻϧ
һʹܿع
ȸǺ˾ۼࡢĵطҪɮˣõĵط
嵽ȴΪҪɿĶҪҵһˡ
ȸ֣ǳǶҪ˵Щ˽⣬ûܳǸ˵ˡ
ǰĴƣΪԼġʧġȸ֡ڴƾµȸ֣޼
ǿԼ׳ƹġ
Ҫ
ʦĳġԼ磬һκԴ˵Ļĵ֣֮ȴûУȸָˡ
ֻҪܹıǰһֱ磬岢ںġ
ݣ
һգùսһ۵Ū֮С
Ӵⲻǳү𣿡
Сøո߽ȥһЦݿӹ̨̧ͷӶһЦ¶һŽɫǳۡ
һ䵱УȻſȸӣһֻôһ档
ȴ֪ǰļһ︻͡
겻ţųꡱ˵һģרеĺˣԼӵǵĵ䵱⡣
˭Ҫȱӡϸģ䵱رЩˣΪͣ϶׽⣬ⲻҪö䵱
ΪԭӶԾ˵Ϣͨš
ھֺСЩĵѣҲȫûкô
ʶõġѡ
ȻЩʹҧҧžһƽһѹϡѵģҪڣÿΡ⡱С
򼸸Ϣмĺɮ˾ǡͷģܺϡ֪
忪ڵ
ٺ٣үȻˬ治ǾŹţɮˣүʲôЩһ˵ȰŽ̡үٺǴк
ңүǣҲѾˡЩһＸǰѾˡ
üЦһһߵͷ˵
ʲô
仰пһ͵۾ȥˣ
һʯǧˣȻϵɮѾ˴ƣȴû뵽ɮȻѾȥˡ
ǰ鱦˵ȥġүʲôµĻӳȥŴһ·˵л׷ǡ

ҡҡͷ˾ǣһ·ããɽɳĮյ·̣㹻߳Źˡ
ôȥһɮ
ⷭǰοѡ
лˡ
ӵ䵱̳˵ʧ䡣ȸվԵ޷ݰ
߰ɣؼȥ
õ뿪˵䵱̡

صլۡʱѾȫˡլۡƻͨȴԽļž
վס
ŵƿţ׼ظԵķʱͻȻ֮һıȴӴϷ
ˣ
һתͷȴϷƻ𣬵ƻһ˪ӻ֣Ķöˡ
ף
Сһ飬תͷһ
ĸף
ҲĲڡתһȦܵҪܹĸסû뵽Ǳĸ״ˡ
ĸ溮˪ӣ֪˶ãԣ¥顰·ˡ
ʶǣǽ춼ȥˣ
飬η
öͷƤ顣ңȻ󲿷ʱ䶼⣬ܲˡ
õģĸ绪
˼ǡĸϸȴǡĸȸĸױ൱ġȰˡ
ȥˡȥһ˹¥
﷢֪ӲͷƤ˵˳
ȥһ˹¥ǽֻȥһ˹¥𣿡
͵һ̴ľɫ
飡
ϥһ棬͵Ĺȥ
ԲףҴˡ
֪ĸʲôⱲӣϱӣõľĸʧ
ȻǾһ֪ʵһĴҲһҡ
Ϊʧȥϧ
һĸԼǰʱʹ顣ҲһʱͰģʲôɣĸΪԼġᡣ
ˣֻǴ𣿡
û
ԼҲͰˣȻСҲ¥ȥ֣֪֪ҦҵҦүѾǼҸ浽ºүүѾھȻ󲨣
󲮸һɢҶûأԵǵŰݷãǼҵҪʲôǲҪһ壡
ʲô
һȻ̧ͷдһǰʱûв¡Ը֪ҦҵҦүӾȻԼСø浽ʥ󲮸ܹˡ
ô᣿
һƬκˡԭΪҦҪݺף丸׺ӦòִٲӦͱĵز
巢Լ͹һˣ˾ҦҵҦүӡ
˵ҦϺ꣬ϼ޻ôϺȫҦҵҦүְһִġ
ڳЩƸı£ҦүӱҦүʮ֮һǵǰʱҦүиֶ¸͢ԱκյĹԱʥֶˡ
ڹٳϣ͢Ա飬Ҳ͵ͷˡ
ĽҦүͨ죬û£淢λԱְˡλֶȻҲͷţ鲻֮
ӡǳ̣ǰǽԼĸ׺ʹ硢ܶΣԾܸûλҦүӣλҦҵүȴкܴļɻ䡣
Ī⣬ȫ԰ȣ
֪ϣԼֻעҦ죬ȴҦλĻҦүˡҦүӺԼүүԸϵĶֹ֣ϵǰͿʼˡ
ҦҦүӵĳ谮ǰʱҦүΪӵʥȥ١һ㶼⡣
ϸ˼ҦүӻΪ˴ԼүүСͱʥȥһ㶼⡣
Ǵ󲮸
󲮸Լ׵ĹϵһǺܺá͸ײͬ󲮸佫ڳְ͢ĵλܸߣȨүүʾɣԼڳеӰ죬󲮸̳С
ˣԵλԼĸϣԼãЩ߸ϣƲζ
͹ùã˳ܣĸϣǾˣԸֱԺܶʱǵ涥ײͻ
Դ󲮸͸׵ĹϵԣһӾͲϲֻû뵽ΪԼСõ£ȻԵ
᣿
ȴĶĶ࣬һ
󲮸㸸׵Ĺϵ㲻ǲ֪Ͳϲ㸸ףٹʱүүʮ٣ô塢үүʾɵ棬Ҫ㸸ɨأ޴档
˵࣬ۿͨ죬Ҫ
ʱΪԼĺڶˡû뵽ʹϹ¥СðҦҹӴһ١
漰ҦңⲻС¡οҦұλүӻ԰ԼҵĹ浽ʥ
ĸ׵Ѵ̡


17 ķ
жڴжʱʧжֹ壬Լ
ĸ֮Լһζ̫Ϣֵֵز
ףԲ𡣺֪ˣ
ڵϣͷѡȻôȫΪ˸ףҲΪңҲΪԼˣϣĸȴȫ֪ġ
Ҳûа취˵һлҪȵºУֻиԼҦıĸײŻԼһƬġ
ףСû
ͻȻһеִֵԱߴࡣԼҵС粻ϴί˵С̲סվ
ȻףСԼСί
ͲСĴΪʲôҪ˵Сˣ
СִֶԼĸףһ
˵ʲô
˳һɴ۾漴Сû㻹Ҷ죡
Сã˵ˡ
ҲһæԼСõС֡һΣȻС˦ˡ
ߣΪʲô˵
СţƢˣȫˣǸҦָʹݺСǿŮҺСȥѵѵҲ𣿡
ʲô˵ҦҵҦָʹ磿
ĳԾˣڵϵ壬ֿһִ֣ŲӵСȻ֪顣
ȻǼһﶼˣ
Сֱ׳
ʮСŮ˼뵱ΪֹΪ¥ȥѵҦΪ˱
жг𱨳ϣȫ֧ԼСġ
˱ŭɶʱͻȻŭƽϢ˲٣Ŀ˵ǿŮ£˱Ҳǲŵġ
ԼĺӻӲֺ̣ܽУϲЩĵ˽ţôĶӣҲܶӵֵزɳġ
֮ԽѵΪûǿŮѾˣҵҲܵӰ졣
ǲεģֻ֪ɵģҵ
ģ
˵ȴǿСڵϵ塣
š
ԥһ£˵ͷȻΪ˱ǹ¥ģСô˵ҲǴ

̾ϢһͻȻ֪˵ʲôáôôĻǣ浽ҦңͱʥȥˣܲݺݵĽѵһ١
Ҧư壬Ūھɨأ߲СϹ¥ȥѵ֮С
ȻϲõǻϾرĽ죬ͬҲϣԼǸηηţԸų
һ棬ʵǲΪõΪʲôġ
ɣ
̾һ󲮸˵ġֻҪ鲻ĴʥҲи
лס
վг˿ŤͷһԱߵСãҲлޱȡ
ʱҲɰжҺôСãҪȻ黹治ô
ɣ
ԼС翴Сúǫѷ̧ԼСһЦϽ͵͵һĴָԼСõĽ
ԼСãûۣ
ȻҦĴҲ̫ˡ
ʱ򣬶ٴδĸ绪ĸ׵ɫʱ
ر㣬һŮӼңкһ˴ܣʲôӣ
ĿһתŸոոԼ족Сٴ
ǣ֪ˣ
Сóһ֪ӡӣͷĵߣԼ׵ĻȫҶ
Ժ飬С磬㲻ȥҪǸҶ˵ңҴȡ
ûзŹҽ̡Ļᣬ߶š
СԲ۾ʼĲɣҪ
忴һĻʧЦѾ֪Ҫˡ
ҶӺöҪȥԷɡ
СֻСͻȻŶӣһ⣬ίӵ˵Ŷﻹ
ĳһְܿɫԷһ˵Ժٸ˴ˡ
ף쿴Ǳ˭ˣ
СͻȻ̧ͷɴ۾һĸ׾ͷɲǣСһԼҵС磬ѾӾܣ
С磬ܣ
ʧЦ˦ֱۣһԼСѾӾܡ󣬴ŭɶ
СܣҪգ

¥飬ʱӹһˡ
һ磬̽ɮϢ
СȻգȥʱѾˡȻ˵ϵʱǣһֱҹûж
û⣬ʱӦѾرһжһһģһ
ڴϣ˫ֽ棬ԺȴôҲ˯š
ٴθԺɮȻķعʵأôҲ벻ġ
ӦõģѵƺȸľԵ޷𣿡
ڴϣеʡ
ԼҪװǣһʳʼľ޴ƸȸõĻᡣȻ˵ʧᣬҲˡκε׬Ǯ֮ȣҪѷɫ࣬ҪȻҲʶľ뵽ȸ֡ˡ
ֹˣȸֻӵһأ塣
һƴᣬʹȸֱãǧĴƾȸĵ£Ѫɺӡ
ԴǸ޴Ĵ
Դӡ̣˲ŻرĹڻҪıһС
һȸֻոճԣǼõõĻᡣ屾ΪúᣬΪԼһʲƸҲΪıû뵽ʧˡ
⵽ô£ѵ˵Ϊԭ򣬴һȸֶò𣿡
ڴϣЩԣƺʲôҪĶǱԼԵġ
ɽ֮ʯԹ񡱣ӲΪñ˵ĳʲôԺУһȸֵϸϸֹһ顣
һǵиӴĺɮҴԸ߼۹һЩȸ֣ɮھͻȥˣ˵Ǹ򲻵ȸ֣һоͲᷢˣ
д˷˼⡣
ԣ
֪˶ãͻȻ뵽ʲôһȻӴһԾ
ɮֻԣһﶼͨˣô˵һ˵ǹ
֪ﲻˡλңԶɮ˺ٻᵽ
Щɮ˴󲿷ҲǻԵģڹͨû⡣ɮ˲ֻͬһŲᣬĺ˺ҲǵĻ
Ϊһ㣬ʹøû֪Ҫʲôû֪ȸ֡ȸֿʯ¶֮ǰŻôĺ嶯
˵ƻ˲ôëǣʱѯЩɮˣ͵ȸܹΪãôƵĹȻͬøӵǿ
˵˵ûмǣǲôġ
ԣ»޵ɮˣɮˣ
Ժ˼һ飬ǰһʣͻȻ֮׹»޺ڣҲỵ̂ҽ˾޴ķ񣬼׳ۣҾв»ɮ˵̡
ڴƶԼ֮صĹҺ˽⣬ʱ˰»޵ɮ˺ɮ˻Ϊһ̸ֱΪ»޾»ޡ
˵Щ˵˵ľ»ް
뵽һƬϲԭʱһɨաĲɮˣҲ˵ɮ˻ڴƣ仰˵Լлᣡ
һɲǣоȫÿһϸţһƬá
ȻһϢҲǺá
鱦̡
˴˵Ǹط
»޾ңԶɮǰƵʱ򣬶Ǵ˵ĳЩ˵ǰһʱ֪Щǹ̶ģֻĳЩضˣŻЩɮˡ
»ޱڣǰҲֻһܶ鱦ʵ»ɮ˵٣ǾһҲʵɮ˵١
뵽Ҳסˡ


18 ɮ
һҸۡ˯֮УĵŲһ߷϶ӷ˳
վס
ոӻûջأͻȻͷһȡ
үϽ⼸ţ
ү֮ǰүڷкúôŰɣ벻ҪΪѣ
⣬Ӱǰͷնסˡ̧ͷһ۾ͿϤӰһӣһӰ⡣
κһ֪Ĺ˽Բ˿ͨݣ
껤ϻ
г˵֡
꺣¡ö˴Сþͱա꺣¡˾ͱɵ巿⡣
һ嵱Ͼ֪ˡ
ү˵ˣǷ˵벻ҪΪѣ
忪ڣǰеĽڡ˵ʱ۾ûһ¡
ңֹ꺣¡ȴ֪˵ĵλߣطݡ˶Ĺ˸׺ĸףûܲʹöǡ
Сñ˽գĸְ꺣¡ԼſڣȻΪ˿סԼžϴһǳ鷳ˡ
ʱ嵹ڼ죬һֱȵ׻ʱ䲻ˣʱ㣬ɮٴʮͻȥˡ
Լʱڣҵǣõϵȸ֣ǴƾԶֱʧ֮ˡ
껤ϻ
ЦЦг˵֣Ȼĸɳ˷ǳѲȴаȥ˵ǣ
֪ĹҲΪǣǲϣҳȥҿԲšûУĸ׿ԹסһʱѵԹסһ
һ죬ҪȥġѵǸʱ򴳳ʲô£λ;ûйϵ𣿡

ֻһ仰ͰĹѾ˸׼ǿӲܾĻ˵סˡ
ſڽ࣬˺üΣȴ˵һ仰
˵Բүš˱ܵľãֻҪͿˡʱĻȴоǳĲס
үүԺٴ£ľ͸޹ΪƲϵ
ǱҲͰˣ꺣¡ĲΪˣԲűһ仰˵
ԽԽ˵пܳΪģжʱ

忴͵ͨ죬иһĵĻҲΪ˵õȸ֣ҲΪ˴ƵǱڻᣬҲֻôˡ
λҲصģҲֻ˵˵ѡұϵҾҵļңôẦ
һֻһ˵˵ǡ꺣¡һԼûзֻ֣仰˵̬ǰ֮
ʼʱǾԵ֪ڣȴѾʼ֪ĸ˼·ˡ
үãôȥҡû˵ȴϵͷѾͬˡ
֪ĸ׿϶Ϊ洳˻£Űɹġ飬Ҳ֪ҡǸҦػģң˵ȥǿŮڼܷҲͰˣҲ޴棬˵ס˵ҵѵ𣿡
ĳ
ү˵ǣûз˵ҲҪȥѵģ
Ҧ̫ˡҾ֪үȻӣڵֵز

꺣¡Ҳߵ
һʼҲ壬Ϊĺһ캦顣ΪˣʱףŻӵĲ
һǰжһҲǰϲ֪˿챻Լ˵
ֻһˣ
尵ȭͷһϣ
껤ϻҵԸҪȥ飬һҪȥġǵʱ˽գ֮Ҳǻȥ
Ҳ֪û˿סңҳ֮⣬ʵһַǸһȥȻЩһҪġһȥȥȥ
кҲԼʱֹǱһζֹҪõöࣿ
꺣¡˶סˡ㿴ңҿ㣬˵˱ֻҪס壬ȥˡ
ͻȻ֣ƺ˵ĸеȫҲԵɡ
˵ģ²衱ˡүʱܹ죬죬չҪġ
ʱʱһôǻᴳ
ҲͰˣǻǻ޹ء꺣¡ͬ˶ĹԸ
үҪȥǲԡ˵ˣȥǸϲҲһ
үҲ֪Ǵˡүǣүǳʲô鷳ʱɲҪ飬ˣ

˼ã˾
ģҵľ粻ǣ飬ʱôѵǻ֪𣿡
Ц
꺣¡Լûз֣䣬ǵ̬Ⱥ֮ǰһٰʮȵĴת䣬ƫƫ˻ûоʲôס
ǽ֮ǰ˴벻ġ
꺣¡ǿ뿪ڳ֮УѸȥ
Ҳ뿪֮󲻾ãһҴҵĴҵۡ
ˣүܳȥ
仰˴һһ͵𣬼
꺣¡أôס
꺣¡ĲԲܱ˰ɹȥסҲԭڣܳȥҲܰ׷
ǽȴ𾪡
ˣǺͳүһܳȥˣ
ʵ
ʲô
Ϣ𾪵Ĳ豭ˡ͵ܳȥ𾪣
ôܣ

ĸϵİ鱦̣Щ˳ʳɮ˵ͣ㣬Ѹٸ˹ȥ
ڳˮӿˮϣڿɮ¡źɫģҼ̻¶¶ڵźֱۣӡеĲͬɮͷȫĹͺͺǻһϸϸĴֺڶ̷
ߣӿȺУۡ
ҵˣ
Ŵɮ峤˿ʱ֪Ļûм
ȴ֪һʱӵһ֣ӡȡ
үҪҵ˾𣿡
꺣¡ͬ͸۲ɮˡӸһֱĵȥЩĵѣǳ
ʱһȺˣתһȦֻΪĺɮгһڷ
ڷ֮࣬Ҳӿ˸ĺġ
ȥʲôܡܣҦӣ֮࣬һ㶼֣ɮδ̫ˡ
һΣ꺣¡Լүɵ飬ʼ˺档
٣ҪСǣ
֪ʲôЦڴƣɮ۵֮һ֪˿ɲʲôͨɮˡ
ڣٹ꣬ﲻ֪жҪʧ֮ۡ

꺣¡࿴һۣԽĺˡ
ЦЦҲ͡ϣɮԼķʽȸֿʯ
巢֣ǲǺҵĵ˶ȸֿʯרЩŻۻ룬Ǿ̴һˡ
ѹôöûȥ
аҡͷ


19 Ϳʯ
˵Ƿڴʳ֧ʿЩطȻû⡣ΪʳֻҪ׬Ǯ⣬ʲô鱦ϡ˿񡢲ҶʯֻҪ뵽ģģǶȾָҰ޽ɡ
˿飬ʳҲġ
Ǵƣ˶ԿʯұȤҴ˶
Ҫ˵⾩м˶ߴһͨҶˣ˼Ҳδǵ˼
ʣԼʧͬǴƵʧʱг̾ûб̫ϣ
ǻ˿ֶص׼
һУҪı䣡
һ˿â˳ȥ꺣¡˽档
λʦˡ
߹ȥߵ󣬹һ
Ķɮعͷǿֻһʮ꣬ж¶ʧɫ
ضߡ
һɮ˸ɫ֣࣬ʾ뿪
ܾˣ
꺣¡࿴һۣڶԷпЦ⡣
ͿĺɮԼĹأȻڵˣͬʱǵҲ٣ѯʼ󣬴󲿷˾ͱǾܾˡ
ʣԼүҲھܾ֮У
г̣˱ǳġڿǸ߿ˣԼүԼүһû䰡
ԭүû˼̸ס
û̸ףѹûӴү¸ûᱻ˼Ҿܾ
Ц
һ̣˳Ծ鷢
λʦαؼžܾСȴǹȸʵѡ
һ䣬ͻȻ΢Цţųһ꺣¡˴ûԡ
꺣¡ˡɺɮһģһ
ԼүȻ
ôܣ
Ĳ˼飬ֱԼĶ䡣Լүﲻû˿ɬ൱
ͺѧ˼ʮһ
ǣүôѧģ
ʮ꣬ûݹʲôʦҵլۡҲûκһʦù
ԼүǴѧô

б꺣¡Ҫ𾪣ر֮ǰŤͷȥĺɮľ
Ҳкüˣ⻹ڴĵһὲĺˡҾȻһֻʮģ۵С
вǰСһиС
٣СͲܻ𣿡
嵭һʮѧģǸʱȻĻ˲ڣ֪ԼǾȼ֮һ
ҲǣǴƾŹǵ˵൱ɲȸָȤ˲࣬Ҿ֮һ
ɮ٩٩̸һ˵ţһߴӻͳһöһ£˽ȥ
ûУ˾ҸеĻڣǸ˰ɡ
ɮˡСᣬȻ֪ɲĴڡ
ܿ죬˵ɫͳ
ȸ֣Ūˣǲȸ֣ǺͿʯ
ңǲԶϣҵһԹǿʯĴˡ߳ڵĺ顣˵ǵҲǲ״Ӧġ
˳

Ĵ㵣ⷭ𸴴ԤϡĻһ£
ͿʯĲȸ֣ǿʯ
š
ɮһĵ˵ͷ
һӾˡЦɾִˡһֱΪǳƷȸ֣û뵽ȻԭʼĿʯ
ϸ죬ͿʯڲŸոȸֿ»Ҫȵ֮Ż֡
Լһʱ©Ȼ֮Żֵ֣ǰ˵ˡ
ӣֲ֣ƶɮҲǼʶ㣬ȥٵطҲûֲָġ֪Ǵģ
һɮüͷЩɻ
˵ĺͳһֺȸ֣Ϊȸ֡
嵱Ȼ˵ԼϱģںƵ
Ŷ
ɮһ⣬˰죬ȻǰѺͿʯŪȸ֣
ֻкͿʯûʲôȸ֣ӿǸˡ
ȸֵͦġĻϣִȥ˵ȸֿԳΪͿʯʽ֡
⣬⣡
֣ȴӿһ쳣Źֵĸо
һȸôֵģˡڿԼҪΪϡֲĵʽˡ
һֵʷĻС
л
һ࣬ɮӦ΢΢һЦжǰʮʱĺøС
λʦ̸֮ǰ֪ɲȿһеĺͿʯ
΢΢һЦͻȻڵ
Ȼԣ
ҪɮûôԥˬĴӦˡ̸֮ǰȿ֮С
һɮһ̧ܿһڲУι졢ªͰӡ
ԭ
дΪ죬ע⵽һģڲУһ֪Ͱӡ
û뵽ͿʯȻǲ档
㣡
Ȼɮ̽ȥܿȡһöᣬ߲͹ƽԲοʯ˹ȥ
ǰ麣ͿʯͻȻֱͿʯڼִĿʯ
ڿˣ
嶢ʯд˷
ͺԺȣڵĺͿʯôԣĬĬš
ҴģɮҲδ֪ԼﺣͿʯ壡
ˮӿ֪ٺ̾޼ִԼߴ󾭹ȴû߿һۡ
֪ûԼ֣´ҪĺͿʯʧ֮ˡ

ɫĴɮнӹͿʯ
ó
ĵһоЩͿʯԶǿȥҪصĶ࣬һ£ġʮ֮ء
ʵҲǷǳġ
кøߵʵ
̲סʶĿɮһ֮ۡǰֻע⵽кͿʯȴûעǵʵ
ɮܰѺͿʯϣȴ£Ȼʵס
岢ûйĴܿͰעееĿʯϡµĺͿʯڿȴڡ߲ò˵Щª
Ҳʯж
˵ҲѹֺͿʯڴɳôĺ塢ţȴûһ˸оļֵ
ȴֿ֪ʯ̺ȫе޷⡣
ȫϣ
ɽĿʯŷֵġʯıϣǳ󣬽һ㣬õʯ֮һ
ϴɮ֣µ
ȻǿʯǳߡҪ̫ӵĳ򣬾ܴҪĶҪָƷʵôͿʯԤڵĻҪߣ
⣬ͷǳһѵҪڴĥͷǳķҿ׵ĿıǼõϣ
ǺɽĵһʯԽߣԽ࣬ԽӮǵ𾴡ǽʵĺ顣

ɮһԽ˵š
ʵĽ˵ипѡƾֱ׵Ľ˵ҲѹֶأͿʯҲ
Ľ˵Ҫ̵Ķ࣬ȴҲĶࣺ
ıɱµսʣ
ⷽ棬ĺɮĶҪ࣡


20 ܴ
ǵĺͿʯô
̧ͷʵ
ǲǵʯǲǮͭǮӣǮͨƽ鱦Խܣ
ɮ˵
˵ͷЩĺһһ㲻⡣
⣬ǲܵӽֻ棬Ҫ򼸸棬СĹˡǲܡӻǾ뿪
ɮ˵һࡣ˲ԶҪӣ׬СǮϣѰһˡ
ϼ縺ʹ
ɽףҪһĻʳۣҪģҲǽ׵ǰһ㣬Żᱻĺ顣
ļҲ𾴺͸лǺҲԴԴϵǣ

ɮһ

ͺһһ⡣
Ǯͭ⣬ҪҪһĴʳ棬ǳˣ
нʳģ
忪ʼΪڿЦɫ֪ġ
ô᣿
Ժд˷˵ֵĽˡ˵Ŀ⣬һԺͻȻϱһЩļ䣺
ǲͬģ
˿ڶ࣬ȴԶû
˽⣬󲿷ʱ䶼ڼȵƶս𡢺ڰͻ֮С⵹ҲΪʲôӵϡսԴȴûԼãˡ
ҪʳǴʳ
˵һʵˣʵϣԵĻϣȫʳȥ
뵽Ժн
ռû⣬ִ󼢻ġɮ˴ϼ縺˾޴
ҲѹǶСĽ׸Ȥ
ɲð찡
üͷȴһ¡
ֻҪǮϣڴʲôܹġǣǽʳƵġһףһӶǺ׷ȥġ
ʳΪ족ʵϣֹǴƣǰκһǽϸʳƵġ
ɮһʳڸһ⡣˽Էʳ⣬Ǿ·һ
ֻƾһƾûɮ
ŷӦһƺȸսԴʧ֮۲ûԭġɮκһ˶ġ
е˼֡
ôȸҲǲܵģ
ѵôװױЩʳˣ
üͷ
֪δʳǻΪƵĸ֮Щ˺ʹĺͿʯǱȻ绢
ҸҪǣ֪ⲢԼĻ룬һѾʵ
ܹ´ĺͿʯֹܹԼеҲܹ֮ƵĶ֡
ԣʳ˳ԵĿɲǵȣ
һͻȻһ
ʳǲ׷ģǳԵһ˶Ҭ棬ͻʵĲԭϸǴûгκʳ
Ǻ͵ɮȴͬطʯ
Ȼ˿еġʳġʳкܴĲͬҪ֪ڿǴڴ󼢻аֻҪǳԵģƽôࡣ
Ȼע⵽һ㣬ܿΪƵʳƲԶ̸
뵽ͻȻ˷
λʦƻЩԵĿɲԣ
ͻȻʵ
ɮһȻȴĵ˵ͷǵ˳Ե׷Ǻʺ˵ģܽʳò
ûУԵҲһ
ڿڼ֮а
㽶ڡأ
ʵһ˷ܡ
Ҳԡ
ɮ໥һۣ˵ͷֻҪǳԵģƽô
ţأ
ЦøԶ
ȻʳǲԭϵţȴǲܹƵġͻ˵ϣãã޼ʣƬ
ЩɮҪʳȫƹƵĹߣȡͻʵˣǵ
Ǻܺõı֮ͨ
ţǾ͸òˡ
ɮ
ƻЩղصˮţ֮ġʳܻӭֻҪܹļ⣬ʲôʵǺܹעˡ
Ӻļܹһ㣬ǽǾͿԼ̸ȥˡ
ɮ壬Ա֮ǰȤĶࡣ
ô۸أ
Ц
˵һ㹲ʶ˫Իࡣ
ļ۸񣬺Ϳʯһ300ƽ𣡡
˳
300ƽ𣿣
忴ˣһ
ôӹ󣿡
ı飬ɮ˵ɫʱ
300ƽǵĵͼۣǾٽģ
һΪܴһ¡ܽ۸Ǿûˡļ岢ĺ飡

ɮ˵̬䵭֮࣬ǰ˸һٰʮȵĴת䡣300ƽһļ۸ǳ֮ǰ˾ۼһ̶ʵļ۸
˾Ѿȷ˵۸񣬾Բܳɽ
Ϳʯͬͨʯܰͨʯ۸ȥ֮ǰǻȥطҲܶˡ
вܺһܹ˵ˡʱ۸ҲǺһķӦ
ܺһ⺣Ϳʯ۸ôЩ׾û̸ȥˣ
ǺͿʯʵĵط
˵ţת뿪
Ƽ£ʵѾжطʺϺͿʯۡ˵ļƻٹǾͻ᷵
ոʱ˻Ϊͬû뵽һ
ķӦʹ˸ȷж
ȷʵʺϺͿʯ
һȣλʦˣ
ɮתҪߣЦã֣סˡ
Ϳʯļ۸ȷʵܹ󣬶ҲһǺܹܹ
300ƽʯ¶üʮˡ۸ʯݳޡ
ӵһļ䣬ȴںЩͿʯļ۸񽫻ﵽµļʮƽһĿֲ۸
һмУҲ򲻵
ɮ֪岢ӹǡǡ෴Ǿۣ
ͺЩ۱ڵĺͿʯֱǰײ˼ۣ
û뵽ֿʯʱȻôˣ
Ȼ϶Լ˵
λʦ300ƽһļ۸ҿԽܣ
򵥵
仰ɮɫͣ½£
300ƽһȻˣġġͬһֻʮľǡһʮľҪöࡪϵĺͿʯһ
һɮ˵ƺҪܵ㡣
ЦЦȻ֪𡣲һɮ˵ˣһûʮʵǶʮѡ
˵˻Ƿǳʵϵġ
ң50ԭʯ300ƽ𣬻16ƽ̹˵ǰײ˼ˡ
ԼǸ˺Ϳʯõʱ
۸û⣬ǿ̸ˡ
⼸ɮֵԼĽˡ
ֻҪܹǵĵȻû⡣ҪپĿʯ
ɮ
λʦˣ
һָҡҡЦŵ
Ǵź̸ܴġһŪҪĲǶپʯһҲǶҲһپһǧҪǺܴȨ
׳Լ
һʶϵʲô˼һһپһǧĺͿʯʲô˼
һʺͿʯ޷γǿսҲ޷ӸǿƵʵ
ҰҪö࣡
Ҫɽʮ꣬ʯһֱڹΪֹ


21 ˵ľ
Ϊˣû˱󺣵ͿʯôˡּһʮһߵۣǰȻĽ
ֹڶĴʳԶĵطͿʯᶼﵽ˾˵ĵز
ļ۸һ㶼ȴƵۼ۱ˣ
ΪʲôǰһȸʮƽһȻò͵Ŀʯ
ΪڴʳñȴƻҪ
Ϳʯ޵ġȵ˷һʱҲǺͿʯļ۸ʼαʱ
ڣһлոտʼɮ˶ֿʯĶλҲǺܺõϣ
300ƽһԴǧѷĻᡣΣ嶼ҪԼʹƵ档
ܴȨõĽ취
ܴȨʲô
ɮһԻҲȥٵطʶ㣬ڴҲ˲ٵʱ䣬⻹ǵһ˵ܴȨ
νܴȨǽͿʯȨҡҸһķáǮҪκεĿʯÿõһʹ̶ģƵķá
ȻһȨҡôӴԺǾͲˡԼҲۺ°ʯ
ӦġΪʹȨĴۣǱ֤ÿ궼ǹһĺ°ʯҲ൱ڱ֤ǵ󡣡
Цŵ
Խ磬ܴȨһͨĲͨĸʲôܴйܴܴ»ļ𣬶ͨ˶Ķ
ֶľܴ̣£ķ̾νġ4sꡱˡ
һ磬ͨ˶Ķ磬˶Ŀһµģ˷ǳӱ
ԸопԼĿԴ档Ȼⷭ˵ǰδŵġ
Ҳ˵Ȼʧȥ۵ȨͬʱȴܻøǮǿ𣿡
ɮ̽ʵ
ȫȷ
Цʹ˵ǲѾ
ˡ
ɮ˼·ͬʱȴ˸ĺɣ
һ̫Կ
Կ
˵Ļ̲סЦмֱ̫ɰˡԿԿ
ôܣ
ҲֲǡԽ磬۴ȨǺܶ˲ȡͨе
ΪһƷĴȨ̴ּ֪Դĳۡ
ͿʯֶĴȨǷŵԼǰǸ磬Ҫĳ
磬ܴһǳʵĸĺв˽⣬ڳԿ
ԿԿǲĵĻǿǩԼȻɾǵĴ±Ѻ뷴ҲܣǿΣ
Ц
ɮ˳Ĭ֮ңز죬ֲͨͿʯʵء
һ˰ԼͿʯǸ۵ȨҲǲԡοƾ׶һ롣
ͿʯϵȺϼ縺شΣòء
Ϊģ
һŵǱصġûԼҲһ˲òؿǡ
ǿ԰ѺͿʯ۵Ȩ㣬ȴǵһ
ɮ˳Ƭ̣ͻȻ
ʲô
ϲΪҪܶĲ۲ܻͨû뵽ôɴࡣ
ʷϲ
ԤϵͿʯȨȨףȴûϵȻоȻûȨޡ
ܴǵһǾкܴİտ԰ȡ۴Ȩ
ɮ֣ص
ҰǴʲô
ʵ
ܹ300ĿʯһڰЩͿʯȫȥ֤ǾܹѺͿʯܴȨ㡣
һɮ
ûа취ĻǿǺѴӦ㡣
һɮ
У
һȫ侲
֪ʷĸı£˽͵Ŀʯ۴ȨԼôףҲû뵽ȻѶȻô
300ĿʯǾ൱90000ƽ𰡣һֻһµʱ䣡
͸صɫ
ѾʶԶԶԼʼô򵥡
90000ƽڵ˵һˣͿһļҵףҲղǮ
оļ֣
90000ƽ´ƾųɾĺ̾޼ֶ׿ܽ
һµʱ䣬̫ˣ
ֻŲõ
300ͿʯɲǸСĿôôĿʯ·;ңԶǵô˹ģ
üͷеļ֡
ֱԤҪϺܶ࣬ԭҲ50ѡڡ300
̫ˣ
ֺļй𣿡
д˷
ɮԶƣȴ300ϡʯʣǲġ
Ȼļǳأؽʳ
ҪȻвŹֵģ̵ĽڲɵҪһµ޶Ҳйء
ɲǸϢ
üͷ
أҲζţʵҲǲѶΪ֮ⷽ棬Ҳû̫ѡ
屾ּܲܰһڿû̫ء
ӣ𣿡
ɮ
Ȼƽʵı廹ҪšԤĻҪأ⼸ڣѾӵ˾üεĴߴˡ
岻ܴﵽ˵£֮УǾͳ׵ʧˣ
ԣ
ɰΣصĵ˵ͷ
90000ƽǸСĿֻҪŬһȫ񡣶Ҳ뻢Ѩɵûӣ
ǰѾͺ°ʯһΣһǴƾɹһΡ۸ʲôۣ嶼Լλᡣ
λʦûĻϣھȥ±ʱڣ֮⣬Ҳϣλʦκ˴ƵģйغͿʯκЭ顣

ȻȻ
ɮ˿ϲĿ̵ԼΪ岻Ӧû뵽ȻӦˡ
ǶСƹӡ벻Ӻ㱳ļʵȻôǿ󣡡
ӺļܰǴǾĺ飬Ҳ˵𾴡
ɮһ˵
λʦˣ
Ц
֪ϸ¾ͲôˡǿװǣŵĲ´Ьġ
ү˸ǡ
׼սپȥµʱ򣬶ͻȻ꺣ĵ
Ŷ
һȻع˵Ĺһ߲ɫĲ˰꺣Ƶķ򿴹ȥ˵ҰʱΪı䡣
ôһ֣꺣¡Ȳѡ
ԼүѧֶΣһ㶼һʮĺģȫ޷ԺǸѧĳүϵһ
ȴ֪˵뷨۽Ѿ󷽽ֽӰˡ
Ҧˣ
Ƥ͵һ¡
꺣¡ûֱǵȴѾϳ˶ҦߵĻ
ڹ¥鲼ҦĻ򶷵ʱҦٽһȺˣˡ
ȵ˽ʱսѾˣԼСѾҦҦӡʱ¥˶ӣôˣҦĪΪԼûע⵽ˣŰ˳Լ


22 ý
ЩһÿķӦ
üͷ
Ҧ˵ķӦĻҪöࡣ
˴뿪ʱѾʼˡʱǻ޷϶Ѿȷǳˣ
¡սߵǳĿ϶
Ĭȴӿ
¥ϣԼСƻҦļƻȻѾܵСģҲ˻ɡ
Ҧϼ޻ļأѵԼڹ¥жѾˣԲɳҦԼ
ǿ¾ʹĲˡ
廹ʱǵע⣡
λʦǻᾭ𣿡
һͻȻعͷе
ģ
ɮ˴Ϊ죬Ϊʲô˻ʵش
֪һ㡣
ʲôЦɮǲᾭģ¾ûлᾭĵĺˡⷬ൱ĸ᲻µ
̫ˣǿɲλʦΪһξģ
һƣЦ
ɮĪΪʲôʱ˺ͿʯЭȴһ¡
һξҲֻСһ׮
Ȼԡ
ˬһ䣬Ϊ峪һġ

Сӵʲô
ʲôЦһţΪУ𣿡
ǰĽֵϴֽǵĵطҦĻĿɿڴֱϷŪĸо
һĳţصģ˻ΪץʲôҪϢû뵽˰죬Ȼɮ档
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ȫ޷ףЩӵԴﵽôġ
˵ʲôţҾ˵СӹĲ˳ʺ̫߿˰ɣôû˵ɣԼСĵֵô˷Ѿģúõһ磬ȫСӰ׷ˡ
Ϊ׵ҦӵԹԶһ
Ҳô˵ɡү͹ӿ϶ǵ뷨
һ֨Ρ
뷨٣˵ҿү͹Ӿ̫СˡһĺӶѣķˣ
Ϊ׵İһ֮Աǣ
Ҫ٣ӦøǸС𣿹¥ʱ㲻ҲСֻǸģǸСáǲӦøٵĿꡣ
һ촽ţҪ˵ĻȴԼԶԣ˵Ļֻõ
ٿɣٿɡ˵ʲôķ֣
ʲô˷һ粻ѵҪ˷һȾ͵ȣǲˡ
һ͵
һ촽ţֹĿӹԶȴɮѾһѾɮԼҸۡķȥˡ
׼ɮ뵽ﳪ

ڶ̾Ϣһڴеͷ
˰ɣȣκϢҪʱرǻǻظȥ㱨Ϣɡ
˵һϢתȥ
ӣѾˡ
ϣ¡³βİŤͷһԵϸ˺ܾãȷʵûи
ܺãȥ£
΢΢һЦƺϵ
ϣ
˻һͷʮ·һգȻһµķʻȥ

ǾǸϣԼԼ׵ĵط
طҪãǹԼĹ֤ͱκԼһ﹫֤;кܴЧƵ۹Ϊ˱顣
ˣԼһ׵Υ
һδ򽻵ϤԷϸ˵õѡʳͻʡ˹ء޵ȹḷ́ǵĵһ飬Ҳѡȥ¹֤
٣̸ִ࣬Ҳҹζ࣬;ٳʲôʣԼ˵¹֤
ĺɮ˵д¹֤Ҳڶһ㱣ϡ

ڳɹˣ
ɨɨеԼӴ߳˺ܶࡣ
λʦлˣһڣұȻḶ300ʯǮͬʱҲϣܹŵԡ
תͷ
ȻϣǾԲᱳŵԵġ
С·ԵĴ£ɮһ档
ʱ˱ǰЩųġҲΪѰҵĺʻ顣
һ˶ĸоѾȻͬ
˼·ͨȫͬǸνġ۴ȨǵڶеûŪס
ңƺĻҪ࣬һ㣬ڴʱ͸о
ôںͿʯڴƵ˵ȴһõϢ
λʦǾֱɡ£ʱϵ
忴˵
š
ɮ˵ͷӣȥ
ʧһջĿ⡣
취ôŪ90000ƽˣ
Ե
ȻɮҪ˺°ʯĴȨǽ²ͷ۵ʱ90000ƽǸСĿ
һ²żӵһӶǮ
ͷ۰Ȼȥ˵
ԴתԼȥ
ꤣ
һ¡¡Ÿ˼ǰһһͭɫͻȻبǰú֮䡣
һʶ̧ͷһ俴ЩϤͭӳͭΣ˳һƣɫɷһס
ã
ɫһ䣬תܣѾˡһֻ֬㣬͸еֱ۷·߰϶˳
ֱֻ۵ٶȿŲ죬Ȼܲˣֻһ£ͱݺݵľס˶䡣
Сӣ㣬ӣ
µһŮӰĺߺƺԼһѾ;סĶǳԺ
װý㣬ץˣץˣҲˣˡ
屻ǰĴָסŤһȦͨ죬һʹֱߺߡ
ʲôţ
ŮӲĺһһƺﲻֹһˡ
Ҵˡ㣬㣡
ʹ棬æĿڡûСﱣݻͿ꺣¡ԲԼ㡱Ķ֡
ʵϣ¾СҲԲҶԼλ㡱֡ĿܾԼȥճϣһĽ㡱㡱иͣ
⻹࣡
Ůĵͷָһᣬź¡һ򿪣оԼһһ档
Ǵһ뵽һһǰĿĺɫ
õˣȥɡСҴˣ
ʯ䣬ϴŮӶ꺣¡ָʹ˵¡¡·ϡ
嶨ע⵽һ˵һ޴ģԺ졢۶ɫΪԾŮɫĿᡣ
̺ǺɫģԼĶ棬忴һķģׯԼʮġҵŮͷԼĿָܺס
ԱߣһλȵĺŮָ棬ԼЦ
岻ʶԱߵĺŮӣôЦҲεĺܡ
㣬ң
忴ָ׵ŮӲͷƤ
˾Լýˡ
Լλý㣬κ˿̲סһִˣ̲סҪȥ
ЩԲ塣
˲ֻͬҪλ㡱ͻ̲סһ֡¡ܵĳ嶯
磬度µŮ˲ࡣ
ƫƫԼλý֮һ
Ƕʱ䣬Լĸ׶ܲסƫƫԼλýǰӣôʲô˻
ޣҴ嵱Ȩﵽ壬ͻ׷˶ҲˡԼͬĸֵܽãЩ塢ùŮһѡ
ԼλýǴĵڶŮ


23 梵Ϸ
ȻŮԼλý㡰ü͵һͿд߲С
Ǵ򲻹ˣǾֻˣƫƫԼλý㳤裬α¡Ĺ۶಻ʤ鲼ǡ
ӲЩ۵ĶĿؼ廹֪һ·Ͼĸվ·֬۵ŮӾĹۡ
ǣԼλýرϲ£ϲԼ¡˵һֱҪиܵܣϧ󲮡ĸǱ߲Ը
ԣýϲԼĵܵܣһүүġңϲԼý㣬Ҫ㡱ͺһĸһ
ÿμͷ
Ⱥʱûٱ¹һ·һʲôˡ
ִ򲻹ܲˣԼ׵ý㣬ҲֻܹԹԷ
ôû飬Ͳ㣿
̧ͷǲơ忴вĿ⣬￩һ֣
ûУûУе£
ȴƶԼλ²ڴԼ϶ضʲôԼ
ջĿ⣬ɵͷָףһԲԼλý㲻˵ҲóȻԹԼ
죬˵Ϣ˰ܵ¥ҦҵҦһ٣
һָףһ
߻ûشԱһĿ⿴ȴԱߵĺŮ仰һĿ壬ͺǵһοһ
ﻰҦҴ硢˿ִ򲻹ǣһСԸҡҲ߲ԲŴȥ¥һССͻѣ㲻϶¡
Ӳͷ
Ҳ飬֪ûô׽Ȼܵ󱲣ǣȴҦҡ
˵ҦλͷӾȻⷢӣӰͱʹͥ浽ȥˡ
ڴƵ۹ҦҶǲĴʾɱ¡
鲻֪ǣ˶ҡŷ壬˶ٹעڳȻˡ
Ҫ󲮸ҲܵԼҵˣ
֪⻹ǿʼ
ⲻýվѾԹԼʡڹˡ֪һлֻëë꣬Լֻࡣ
ߣССĳͻ㵹ǻ˵
̧ͷһۣЦһ
Ҧ类ñףҦҵүӰǼҶ浽ʥȥˣ㻹˵ССĳͻССĳͻ𣿡
㣬ԩ
ײ
룬ҦҶǵè򣬻ܰˣⲻЦҪⱾ£һܱһֻ־ţﲻɣ
һԵĺŮӵ˵ͷԱҲó书ȷʵǺܸ˵Ҧ磬ҦĻǿöࡣ
˵ˣҦﵽǵĻô˵˵˵ף˵˵ǣ
ŵһί
ҿ˶֪Ҧҵı㡣ǿ֪ҪȥݺҡҲ߲ȥҦӶѡ˵ʲôʹһ٣ⲻſڴƻ𣿡
ģ
̧ͷ壬Ȼ˼֡
Ȼġ㣬˲֪ҼＸ㻹֪ܲҲÿӣйôҦŵĶ֣
仰ҲΪֵĻСãûʲô֡
˵мҦھ̳֮ͬƾɵЩ£ǵͣ治ܶԸҦ硣
˼ţڵ˵ͷϿ˵
ˣһˣϴҵָ״쵹ǲͦõġʲôöû
ԼϴֺŪָﱣ﷭˸ۡԼý㣬浱ǻèĶͲ꣬òⰡ
ָﱲŶõ£Ҳ̫¤˰ɣ
ʲôһȣգ˵⾩һ޶ָõܷģ
ﻹû˵ԱߣԱߵĺŮ̲סˣһĿ⣬ͣĴ塣
ǰôСҪţ۲ݣСˣ
޵
Ѿͷ²ˣ
ŮЦԼ˵̲סЦ
һ֪㣬һ·Ͼָﱣ۲˰ɣˣСӣȥɣ
շ˸ָۣһףССָﱳŮ˹ȥ
лսͣ
Ҳ⣬һ
ĶǾ书˵ֵһǮǼÿһֱ۲Ľû뵽ǰװױԼ
Ů뵽ϲЦտСɵָս
Ȼ֪Ѿʹͣҹ³ѵҰСõҲһʹ͸ѽ
û
Ǹð֮ã
ŮЦ˵ţĵƳһۣǴ򿪳ţĴ߳
ĵطѾˣֻһ̶ѡ
㣬Ů˭
ɨһۺŮ뿪ķдгԲԼҶ㽻Щһһһһǰ
ǺŮߵʱ۾ᣬеļֱ޲ôһ
ԽŮôⰡ
ռЦ
ܰٺ٣㣬ոǳϷݵĻɣ
Ц
ͻȻ˵忴˼룬ɫһ䣬ͻȻһϣȻһѾסĶ䡣
˺֮ǰȣ·ͻȻһˡ
Сӣ֪֪ǳĻ£
Ҫ˵żȻǸ¥ҲҪ˵ҦΪܵ顣Ҳһס֪Ϊ֣ôĻ£Ҿȴȣ
ն壬ɫޱȣͺһİһʶôãǵһôࡢ
֮⣬ûˡ
Ƭ̣û
㣬𣿡
ֱһɫ
Ҫǲ㣬ͲԽŮ֤洫ƨˡ
ɫû˿ת
ã˵¥ǹȥģҦҲСùģҦҸ׵ǳ棬ҲҹƻģеһУҾƵġ
ɫ
Ϊʲô
һɻ벻ͨΪʲôҪô
ҦҶĻ죬Ҳǵóѣ£ûϸ˵ʱǾˡ

ʲô
ɫ΢䣬һصȷ
ĵ˵ͷ
ã㣡
ϱòȻû׷ȥ
㲻ʣ
循ˡ
ˣ
Цˣ˰֣ɫÿࣺ
ЩӣҲֻӡһˣţôҲẦԼ˵ġ
㡭
忴ýգЩжȻȻƤȻֳܶ飬ȷʵûҪҡ
һģֻԼýա
ȻԼλý¹ܶΣҲǳ䣬󣬻ȥˡ
κҦ鱻ҦλҦүͱʥһ˶ǣȥھȻ󲨡
ô飬ýʲôûʣƾһ仰Լ
һʱ֪˵ʲôá
⼸죬Ǽɹ˵ҸףǴáøС壬㼸øҲǱףòᡣֻǴ˸ͷվѡҲ֣Ҳġ
һ֣ص
ԽŮ裬档ͻܶࡣҲԭڣúʹøⷭһһֻҪȷҦ飬ȷʵ˽ԹΣҶ취㶵ס
㣬лл㡣
лýպʹáøǹϵãһֱΪýΪأҲȥ
ý棬ﵹǺý


24 
Ҳȱ˵̫ˡСɽɲܽġǾ²Ҳ˵ԼҪ׼
յ
ٸͷ󣬼Ҵҵ󣬼鷳һ飬涼鷳
һԼ취ġ
дм֡
ԼӵܵĶ̫ˣȻ¸ȫΪ˼Сǲ֪ģҲýȫԼΣ
һϣֻҪϹһʱ䣬ȵҲûˡ
յ˵ͷûٶʡ
ˣոһӴ߳ĺɮô£
ͻȻʲô壬о
òּǻ˰ɣ
ûУûУûе£
£˫ֱͷбųڣȫ飬ҲҪȥԼý㣬ýԼǾ͸á
ûУûǵʲô
ԽԽԾ˵
ʲôطϵĵطû飬˭طСӸòǹ̬ȷҦҵ黹ûƽϢʲô鷳ɣ
뵽տĿʱٴС
ʵҲûʲôˡǣǷһǮ
Ц
ֻǷ˵Ǯ
һɡ
ġ


ֻǷǮһ٣ʮǶʮ
һ˵ţһߴóˡ
е㲻
е㲻˼
٣òǷ˼һƽɣ
ճԾƿԼλóһƬҶյĸһĳӣĸڽǮҪԣһЩ
ٴҡҡͷ
òǷ˼ʮƽɣ
һ
壡ҪǷ˼һǧƽ𣡡

˵ҧгݣ׵ĲһǧƽһҵеļҲѹˣղǮ
ǣ90000ƽ𣡡
ҡҡͷ˫ȳһʯ쾪ơ
ʲô
ջ𣬱˵־Ļʧɫɷסڹ¥´ҦүӸ浽ʥҲֻвãЩѣǷ˼90000ƽôǮ˶ʧ̬ˣ
һȫˣܴܲճǮ
һͷͷ
㣬ƭأŵãôǷ˼ôǮ
纮˪ҪƿڴʱͻȻվЦ
ģ
ˣô˵ûǷ˼ôࣿ
ȻûС
Ц̯̯֡
СӣûУҪȻҷ㲻ɣ
պ޺޵вȴظ
СһΪǷ˼ô࣡
м黹㵹æɮʯز졣ҿͼ׬ۡ㽻ιܲܽһһʦң
Ц
ʦһְҵǸӵٶȡܹʹøǿ
Щʦλܸߣһ벻廹ֻ鷳ýաЩȴܶý˵
ɮ¾Ϊ£
۾
Ϊʲô
Цķʵ
ǻû⣬·еġ
ն˶٣ЩĿ壺
Сӣ죬ȻЩɮ·ܻϣ
׬죬һҲԡ٣˵Сǳˡ
ٺ٣㣬ͰˣæҾͲ㣡
ƤЦ˵ţţýЦ³ȥ
Сӣҳ㣬ٸˣ
ԶԶģýյﴫ
֪ˣ
վڴϣͷҲصİ˰֡
ýԶȥջĿ⣬һ²۾͸¶Ĺâ
黹Ҫ㣡ý󣬵͸һڷ磬ͰŵòˡҪǸģڴ±˰ˣ군
а
90000ƽ£屾׼̸ýġٵӦ䣬ϸĿڡ
ҪȻҪǳܴ鷳
һֽţĿתһ£ܿӣ󲽳ŲԶһ֦Ҷïʢµȥ
ү
Ŵ򿪣Ӻ̽Ϥ꺣¡ڴſڽסʱȷ˵Ҫ˻ȥ
˲ûȥһֱĵĸں棬û߿
ţ
˵ͷƺ˵ĳһҲ⣺
ߣȥ󣡡
˵գһͷոýϵʱͻȻһЩ⡣
ͻȻ֪ȥＯƽˣ
ݣ
һһգʻһսȻͬĵ·Űķʻȥ

ûʣ׳֮ǹ¥ɱȣ
ھͨƽ˵ȫǸ߲ʣֻĴڣ
ԭܼ򵥣Ϊǲ⿪ŵġ
ڴƣֻЩȨӵܹܲ롣Ǿﹷ컨أֵĵط
˵һЩҵĻӺ͹ż
ȼɭϣؼࡣȻʮСӻ꣬ǸݸԵĳŵȣֳ˺ܶͬġСȦӡ
һȦ˿һȦӵˣָʹ߸ϡһѬգ岻ϲһ㡣
ǰȥκ󣬾ҲûȥҲЩ˴򽻵
֮ԺЩһҲ˼Ľ
һβͬ90000ƽǸСĿҪＯʽ𣬻úͿʯȨûбȰЩүǸõĶˡ
үˣ
ĬĬʱ򣬶ͻȻ꺣
һعŷ֪ʲôʱѾͣˡ
ţȥ
ƿţոһӵ·ˮһй
ˣ
̧ͷһ۾ͿһɽΡȻϺɫ˵ǽʵһ¥ͬΧһƬ޴ͥԺ
ЩͥԺܶģǳɡ
ǰˣ
ɨһۣ˰ǰ԰ټƵݻЩһͬӰų󣬸һɽ׳ĸо
֪ЩÿһŴƵ۹һԺҡ
ѾһοЩһεĸоȴ䲻ͬ
ɶǮţ
Цӣǰȥ
ûпһˮйϸȥԷֱߺһַǷ
Լƣһ··Ĵͥȣһ¥ݣֱ¥
岽ܿ죬Ҳû˵ע⡣
ˣ
΢΢һЦ̤¥ǰͷܶȺ飬һϺ侫µԲ޺᲼¥
ǰ졢Ⱦơֵĵط
һȺ˾һƨ̸Ů٩òֺ
κСǼһӦþˣ
΢΢һЦ˳ȺĿ¥ĶϽǡȺӵأȲ죬ٲȻ˵ע⡣
ֿȺ˹ȥڰ¥Ķλã忴һƬ˿Χ̨
̨ϣʮĽڡ̨䣬ҵĲһһԲ꣬ͺࡣ
һҪö࣬ʮ꣬书ҲҪߵöࡣÿÿ֣һܰԲƷɳȥõĺȲʡ
Բ꣬Ȼʵȴ쳣ȻһδεˤɳȥͲһδ˹ȥ˴һ
Сӻһû䰡
Բ꣬ЦһδαϷˤڵصԲȻʶκκСˡ
κСꡱС
Ҳ֣СӿҪµİܲ˰ɡ
忴ųеκС꣬Цѡ


25 ķС
κСκãͬʱҲķССһ㣬һȭ˿һͻᣬСҪѧ졣
ôˡСһƢʲôԽǸɲɣԽҪɡ
ֹˣôϲд裬һϲԼ̨Ӯ
κӪҲҷ˶ˣκСһºüˣǻ˺һԡ
ÿɬ׽ⲻ˵Ⱦƣʱ򻹵帶Ǯ
Ҳǳˡ
û⣬쵰ϾҪƣڰԸһǰȻҲ䣬ûôݣô࣬ڿˡ
κС껹ü֪Ϊ˻ǮСӲòսµİܲ
֮Լǵ£ΪϱκС겻ֹһε˵ÿζһ⡢׵ӣ·һͷ
ʱ㣬Сһǡǡǽ졣
κС꣬ɲҪ˵û㡣
Ц
岢ûмų֣κСäĿĶҲûˡȻ˵ǱƣҲܹԼĴӦʲôҲûˣܵܵѵ
忴̨ʮĸ߸ԾڶκС档ʵʵͿԽսˣȴǰַʽ
κСÿһǱıˤȥΧȺһôЦ
Ȼôдǿɾ͹ֲñˣҵģ
ʮĸ߸꣬ʱˣˡ
κС꣬⣡ӷ
Ⱥв߲ͣԶκСȴǻһ飬ǲİʽʩչһһʮĸ߸һҪʱκСͻȻһӷ͵߸ϡ
飡
߸갤һߣ˵ɳȥ⣬ſڵϣ˶ˡ
ˣ
¥ĿһӱˣԭֺȺͻȻѻȸͻȻ߷ɵĸ߸꣬һ˵
˭˭˵
߸ſڵϣȻŭ۾׺ݵɨķ
ܾĵģ˭Ҳû˵
ٺ٣߷ɣ˵˵ʲôܴܴ͸Ͻҿͷ䡣
һ࣬κСȴˣ֪Ǹ˭ոһɲǣǱܵİնԷ˵ʩչ֣û뵽ЧȴĳԤϡ
ֱǰǸڱָġ쵰ˡ
ߣ㲻Ҫ⣡Ҫһʱ⣬ƾèΪӮң
и߷ɵ˲Ȼŭ˫һţ͵ĴϵͬһͷԱһ㣬͵κκС˹ȥ
䣡
ըһ޴ȭӰ·һ㶴գݺݵκС꣬ȻʹͨȭĹ
ĿκСһ߷ɣ߷Ȼоǳûӣ֮ʹʵ
ã
κСɫһףһͷȫ߷ʩչĹɱ֮ǰ̫ˡ
̸
ţ
Ὥ
΢΢һЦں濴÷һָУȫκСĹʽ
䣡
һУκСһͬĸһ̽ڵءͬʱһȭͷӹ
κСԸоͷƤĸо
䣡
ڶе߷ɱУֺȭЮž޴ʱκСľһһһԣͬһŶϣٴһ
ˣ
κСĿѩҲָ㣬͵Ĵһͬһ͵ĵ˳ʩչὭ
䣡
һȭڸ߷ɵؿڣκСʹȫ߷ɰת죬һ·һڵҷɳȥײˣ˼Բݺݵſڵϡ
ӮˣӮˣطˣ߷ɣ˵Щ쵰ȻҶ䡣ĵ׿㶼⣡
κС꿴ŷɳȥĸ߷ɣ˷ܵĸС
һ仰˵ð󶼰һ˫˫ĿⶢŲԶĸ߷ɣԹޱȡ
߷ɣȻκ𩶼򲻹
ôǮ»ؾͲҪˣ
»ӿ㣬Ҽһ㣡
ޣ

ΧһȺǮ竷׷ƿڴڰκǸүֻҪμĶĶǾǼзݣ׬Ǯ
ζĶĲͷǳ󣬱Ϊܸ׬Ǯû뵽߷ôãȻˡ
κûᱻùѪͷĸ߷ɣתſ˫ۣȺеɱ
ֵܣڵˣ
κһϲ⣬͵һѱס壬Ц
ҵĺֵܣؿǰҵĴæҪȻҿɾˣ
Ȼ֪»ؾٶĵ㡣ٿĶ˭һɱˡ
Ц
ٺ٣ǿɲСͿʼ˶ĶҪҷĶǮÿܲС
κٺЦ
ֻҡҡͷ
һȣκ𩣬β㣡
ͻȻһȺбҵùѪͷĸ߷͵κ𩡢ķ򼱵øС
ô߷ɣҪ𣿡
κŨüһȻĵͷһĲ졣
ո˭㣿κΥĹ˰æģո˭˵ҳ
߷ɸУĲ
ǶȺеǸ쵰ƾκǸһʤԼģ
𣿡
⻰΢΢һЦȺ˳
һ´Ⱥ߳壬߷ͫһ۾ʱһ׹⡣ûȵŭκѾЦţӭȥ
СӣҾ֪㣡
κ𩼸߹ȥ屧һ
߷ɣҳԣҽֻ۾Υˣѵ˺һ𣿻ֵ̨ܵˣˣ㣬ⲻʲô˭˭˭ҵĺֵ壡
κתͷŸ߷ԼڳˣһԺ
κС꣬ƨĵ㣡
ʧЦ뿪κһ㣬ͻȻ֮䣬оһ󵹳һ̧ͷΧ˿ԼĿ֮ǰȫͬ
Ǹ߷ɣԼĿҲ͸һ˿ŨŨļɵ;η֮ǰȫͬ
ţ
üͷЩȣΪʲôֱᷢ仯
ٺ٣ôȸʲôǴˡ
κѹߺٺЦ
Ҧô°ˣųƾһİ˿֮һһ˸۶һ£ǼҲҪĽһҦӡ
ôͷȻһ١ҦүΪ˻浽ʥȥˡھǺ䲻Сˡӵûв֪Ҷĺܣ
ڴҶ˵ݷĻҦ绹ҪĶ࣡
κݺһļһԺ
ʲôֻ֪֪ԼĺֵܣֵܳǾԼ
ľˣ
֮ǰý廹ôڴƵ۹ϲĸӰ죬û뵽Щӵеջ
˷ЩηдĿ⣬ͻȻ¥ԼջԶֹڼô򵥣
Ƶ۹֪ӵܣ˶ĸײˡ
Щ˵ԼԺչƻкܴİ


26 輦
ȱ˵˵ˡ£Ҹط˵
κļ
ãһ£
˵ʽκҲЦݡǷССһ𳤴֪ײῪ˰
Ұϲγ϶£
߷ɣӵĲͷһë١һԹԽҪȻԺھˣ
κ׹ȥһֻӣתߡ
ϵӵܶͷģҪˣ˭Ҳˡκ𩵹Ҳˣ
ˣ壬֣˵飿κͻȻ
ʲô
ͷȻ
ô˵棬ԺܲܲҪκСꣿ
κѹһüӣ岻ɹЦ
Сӣ붼룡


ϣַǷκ壬Լλ¡
һȥˣأһȥң˵㲻ڡһ棬ǲװ
κͷ󺹣λϺһڰعʯ֭һߴֵ
£ȥһˡ
΢΢Ц
κıԹӿһůůĸоֻʧȥ֪ϧ
ǰ⿴ƽһĻֻ֪һжô
κԶ֪һʱԼѾˡ
һԼкİСĸֵܡãȻҲκ𩡣
ǸʱԼ˵κĺֵܣøǣȴԼġرԼؽյ졣
κνġֵܡȴûԼһ¡ʲôֵܣѣøǣ
¾Ѷһɣ
Ժͺ׾ˡҲûк
ֻкܾ֪֮ԭԼյʱκȴΪԼĹϵͬĽ㡣
ʱԼ̫κĸϽԼһ˳ӵκ𩣬ȴΪԼĸ׶ײˡ
⳹׼ŭĸףҲΪκԼһٶ
죬ʵڴϵġ
κȴûԼǰ˵ᶼûֱ˺ܾ֮󣬵һ٣ܾûֵܾף֪һС
ͬʱ֪ǣǸ֮󣬶Ļһֱ͵͵ԼˣǱˣκ𩡣
·ң֪վüġһ̣֪ʲôѣʲôֵܡ
ֻϧȵȻʱһжѾˡ٣޲棬ʱֺοһκ𩣿
κԼǰȥʱ̲סʹʧ
ⱲԼһ飬ʧȥһѣֵܣеʹҲһӵź
ֵܣİɣһΣҶٷſˡ
忴ǰ֣٩٩̸ʲô֪κ𩣬а
˵Ҧֵĺܴ󡣿ϧǼһ书̫Ҳ֣ҪȻҷǵúһȥɡ˵ҦһҲ̫ݣȻԸ㡣
κһӣ߷ߵ
˵͸˵һǸ쵰Ʀһ϶ͼ˰ɣ
ˣˡ
΢ЦԼֵܱԹӣӿůⲻһⷭԹһεĸоȴرͬ
һֵܣƽһĻѾ̫̫ûˡ
ֵܣۣȺ֡è󲻿ܻ쵽һ飬㲻뿪ٵˮ񲻿һڵص´ضǳĻǲʲôýġܵһӣԺͲҪٺЩ˻һˡ
ֵһ仰Ժ档ǵĳһЩԺҪ̳мҵģҶӴӴһ棬Ժܻкôġ
κ߶߶ĳֵܣκǸ߲嵶Ĵڡ
Ը棬ǻߵԽԽԽԽԶκҲǿΪҲǲġ
Ⲣκһκ˵ܵ飬κ𩿴ֲȥȻһεķӦȴϡ
ã
նģֻ˵һ֡
ã
κһˣһָڿУͷ¿췭һγƪۣʱҲ²ˡ
ãͺˣ
κ磬е㷴Ӧ
Լǰ˵ôζûáһΣˣ
ôܣ
κգգ۾е㷴Ӧ
Ժ󲻻ٺǻȥ죿
š
ԺҾ󣿡
š
΢Цٴε˵ͷ
κգգ۾ʱһ仰˵ˡ
壬ĺǰһˡ
κ´壬һľ档ڵǰȫͬǰǾԲᵽġ
ӲĽ顣
ڵ壬򶨣˵ʸоǰҲȫͬоͺһҪһ
üһˣֵˣ
κͻȻ뵽ʲôݺݵһļһ˵
屻ݺ˸աνһǵһǣκ𩿴֮ôı仯Ϊܵԭ
ˣ
ûбκ˵ˡ
Ǻǡ
ֻһЦ֪κʲôʵɣǲȥ˵ġ
ˡ
΢΢ЦȺĳӦȺзţһ֡
ûпˣȴһǰ˹
Ӵⲻү
˼䳰ζȺֻֿһʮ꣬Űɫƽ£ãһһӣĴԶ
һȺ档
հأʲô
ˣκɫ䣬վ͸¶ĵ⣺
ﲻӭ㣬ϸӹ
κһǰ棬ǵġհչĶӣչҦߵúܽ
ողŵҦҡհֻ߲ƣ߲
ߣκװʲôװֲҿġΪʲôͲң˵壬˵ǲǣ
հ˵ţһɨκ塣
ɨһհͷĸ߷ɣжհؾǸ߷ġǸ߷ɶԸκԼͰհذȱ
߸ֱһ㣬߷ɱհذӺκġհصļƻʧܣȻ̲סҲꡣ
ȴûȤƽ
հأáǮҰɣ
̧ͷհأ
һΧʮ֮ͻȻһƬԭһֵȺĴ㵡
վǰһӥСκ𩶼סˡ
Ǯ
ҪհؽǮʲô
ѵ֪հľ𣿶ռҺҦҵĹϵհôܻǮ
壬ƾֻ۾һǮ㣿
ڶݵĴ֮հ̲סͷЦҲ̲סźЦ
Сӷ˰ɣ
ȻΪүǮ
ҿϵ˯û˯ɡ˵

һȺ˸壬ǳ
ҵȻжԵչӽǮİûбЦˡ
СҲδ̫һԸˡ
ܵĺЦκҲεҪ
壬㵽ڸ𣿡
ڶΪġհغĹϵǾԽ費Ǯġ
Ϣһ£㣡ڣϢһ㣡
ȻһЦһֻǼ򵥵˵仰ɲǼ䣬һƬž
ӵܣ仰Ҳһɴ۾У
һ󵹳հضɴ۾ͺһμһ
ĻԼ࣬˭˼ֵϢ㣬һºʮֵϢʮӾͻʮ
ϢȸҪĶ࣡
壬ˣ
κ𩶸Ȼɫعͷ͵ץסֱָۣŵĶ۵ˡ
ȱӣ˵ˡΪʲôҪǽ
κһֱΪǿЦڿȫô¡


27 հص
ҡҡͷݹȥһ
óȻ£ֵϢ㣬ȻܸߣֻҪԼܹºʯĴȨһоͶֻëëꡣ
հأ仰ֹǶЧҲһκˣֻҪǮҡҶ־ݣΪƾ֤
嵭ߣȴ˶һɲǣ˵񶼱΢
ǣһǳʷЩ˴ûвĹԡȵ顣
ǾǮճٶ࣬˭ǮࣿңȻǮ࣬ǿҲκ𩣬ȻǮ࣬ÿ˶Ķʲô֮ģϸͲʣ¼ӣܶʱ򻹲á
ٺ٣벻þŹãȻҲϰǮ壬ҪǮӣòô鷳⶧Ӿ㹫ˣò㻹ˣ
ڿʼ֮հͻȻٺһЦַһӣ̧־ͷȥҵǰԲϡ
ֵϢ㣬һ¾ɣ
ŵ˵ࡣ
հظոȴͻȻ뵽һҪĶŹһҲνġ
ãһµĻҲôӡ
ôӣܲϢ㿪ٸҲûã󷽵㣬ӣҲóûһͼʹ졣
Ԥϣʳжָָֻһ㽫հǶӵϡ
հأô춼㻹Լðɡ
Цһм
ߣ٣ҿһ
հĿ⳰һһӵǰԲϡ
ûȻһЦָһ⶧ͬ˵ϡ

嵭ǳĿ⿴հг鴤ʹѡ
СӣҪ̫̰ˡòӡҪӣĶѵ㻹Ҫһƽ𲻳ɣƾ𣿡
հĳ
һƽ𣿺ߣհأҲɬȻͲýǮˡһ赽ǮԽ輸Ӹ㻨
֮Աǡ
һ仰˵հɫѿ˲ˡ
ʲôһƽɬ
ӵǾÿµ㻨򼸶ӣӣҲʮӶѡ
һӾЩӵܶҲ¡˵ΪԼ˭輸ӸԼ
ˣ
ˣհأ㻹ΪжԭˡȻʵǻǿվɣ
ŷ֣λվһ߼Ĳ˲֣ʾհزҪ·վһߡ
˶ţϢ㣬һ¡仰κ˶Чж٣٣ֻҪκ˽Ǯңһº󶼿ԴõƵ룡
壬仰𣿡
һͻȻ˽ȴȻһհصɫѿ
Ȼ
嵭ڰϣ˵𣿡
Ҫʱ䵽ˣ㻹ô죿
һ
հصɫԽѿˡ
Цһѵһ廹ֻҪҵ־ݡ˻ᵣòؼ𣿡
ЦһȻ
ΧЦȷʵڰ˷ǸȻǮ屳һȴڻǮ
ֻлҵλŹڣҾ治Ľơ
ã壬˵ġƽȥɣ
һԽڶϲ̵ĽƬĽҶӿ۵ϡҲǸԣ˭ֻӶࣿ
һ£ö׬Ǯ
ҵĽӣ壬ǵøƾ
հɫŭû쭣һ۵Բϡ
ǵĸ
Щ˵ⲻǸ𣿡
հصߣɫˡЩӵôɣǳĴհصôһǮ塣
ʱ򣬾հضվΪС
壬ˣҪôǮ𣿡
κһпѹּĻҲòôǮ
ףôǮҪʲô
κ𩣬ġҲǺ֡ҽЩǮһôһˡ
嵭ԱһķıҴҼʾдһƾݡ
ŽΧ£˶ʱˡ
壬ӽˡдһţ
ң

߶ʱֺġ
հؿһĻɫߺޣתߡ
ӣѵǾô𣿡
ȺУ߷ɼհߣһĲʡ
ǸոյĶĶΪĲ֣ʧʮƽҪô֣ǲʡ
ߣߣΪʲôҪߣ
հͣ½ŲͷһķЦ
û˼˵𣿶ֵϢ㣬жٽ١ĻᣬΪʲôҪߣ
ǹӵ˼
߷ԺˡߣհҪʲô
ߣСӲҪǮ𣿼ȻˣǾġҵҪÿ¼ӵôƽϢھȥҦӣôʱȻ֪
հЦ
ǣӣھȥ
߷һ𣬶Ȼ׹дϲ˵գ˵ߡ
ЩҵӣǮ࣬һӣʮƽ𡣵Ҧ粻࣬λɽƽȫ⡣
һºڣ廹õĶԸҵĻᡣԸңҲһõ׬ǮĻᡣ
һµʱ䣬׬ʮƽĺΪʲôɣ

ҦõϢԶеĿöࡣ
ʲôڰϴǮ
̫Զһ¥Ҧüͷ˴͡
ŵõϢɮ棬߾ʹڰߵϢȫ
ǵģӣԴˣ
߷ɹɫη塣
߷ⷭҦüͷøˡ
ȵȣ
Ҧ˵ͻȻվһת֮ӣڼ䡣
ףҪҪһ飬᲻ʲôŹְɣ
Ҧ繪ӣеϢϸϸ˵һ飬ȴԼʾϣǶĵġ
Ҧüͷ
飬ҲҪҼվҪǰɶҵһ֮ǰʱҪҵע⡣
Ҧһӣһıɫ
ǿйעСӲҪǮˡ
ǣס
ҦͷӦȴ¶һ˿˷ܵɫ֪׾Ҫǰ﷢ҵһ
ȵ֮󣬽ټǵڹ¥ܵĳˡ
ǮȥɣհؾС
ҦץһǮӵ˸߷ǰ
ǣȥ졣
߷ץϵǮ˳ȥ棬ճճ۶ȥ

ڣæɿӡÿһӣͻдһݡ
һѩһ˷ӹĽҲдͣһЩӹǮʮʮ
ȵһнʱЩǮȻٶƽ
óݣκ𩶼ɫ
ȻԣϲĶÿµҲʮһڰһ裬Ȼ˶ٶ
¶κ˵ҲǸСĿһԻӱʵ壬κ˵
ǲ
üͷа
ƽȻԸǵӵ˵һʾ޿˵ȴͿʯӵкܸߵļֵûָӰЩӵϾͳＯƽľ޿
ֻҪĻƽ˰Լ졢ƼʼȸֻҪܹȸƾǿֵҪѱۻ۳300Ϳʯľ޿
ڽֻǶƽԤڻкܴĲࡣ
ӵǱϾûȨÿ´ӼȡЩʹﲻҪ


28 һǧ߰ƽ
飡
尵ǵʱһֻǿƴȺץһصǮһصǰ
壬Լ˵ģϢ㣬жҪ٣仰Ч𣿡
һͷ
հأ
̧ͷϤģָʹײЦ
ЧȻЧհأҲҪŴ𣿡
ٺ٣壬һǧƽ𡣰־ݸңͿȫȥˣסһºǧİƽ𣡡
հЦ
֣ΧȺɷ󾪺һǧƽǶ˵ľ޿˭Ҳû뵽հؾȻŪôǮ
һ㣬հؾͿ׬ŰôĻƽӵлûһ׬ôǮ
ƾǮհؿܻӻܳһʱˡ
ٺ٣ҽ裬Ϊʲôգ
忴ǰصǮˡǮհؾ͹ˡһǧƽòô׽ˣҲԸõִԼļƻ
ৣ
ҲհطӦʣպīߣְӡдһ־ݣ˦˦ī˹ȥ
úãʧˡ
ͲҪ㿼ˣ
հһЦһ죬г˽ݡ
壬л˵
κ𩿴հǵЦݣҲ̲סס壬ǿסȥ¥ϣЦ
հؾӸ£Ŀκ뿪Ц˿ϷҪһɢʱհͻȻתͷ
һȣ
հͻȻסˡȻһ˫˫Ŀ׷ɻĿհء
˴󲻽ʱհͻȻ̽뻳ȡ׹ơ
ҦҦӵƣҦ飬˭Ҳ׼˵ȥ˭Ҫ©һϢ˭ǺҦҦΪУͬʱҲǺռΪУ
հ˵Ŀݺݵɨˣޱȡ
һЩЩӵⷭһɵĴ˸æտڲᡣ
ҦȨ죬ӣʱ򣬾汾û˸ǣټһռң͸û˸ǡ
հⷭû˸Ҳ¡
֣
Ⱥֻи߷ɰ졣ոշҦҦҦû˵ⷭ
̧ͷ߷ɸҪ˵ʲôհغݺݵĶһۣʲôд˸飬æͷ˵
Ҧ¶࣬ӴֶЩҵӣûпǵհǵˡ˶ӣǮҪй¶ȥ֪ⳡϷûȥ
ǮͰǮ˸ǣ˭Ҳ̲ôûҪЮҡ
µ־ݣǶԸҵհôֲҦҺռҵѹţҪ˭Ұй¶ȥ

壬ôǮҪʲô
Ӱ˴ϣκҲ̲סʵ
һǧ߰ƽһǧ֪֪߰Ҫһº󻹲𣬿ǻģ
ϣκ𩶢壬Ƿš
һǧ߰ڱϵڱκȴֵɽֻҪ룬κ𩶼ͷĿѣֽŷ顣
κ𩵽ڶ֪ΪʲôͻȻҪôľ޿
κ𩣬Ҫš֪Լʲô
嵭ȻһЦ쳣侲Ƕصκ𩰲֪ܲҪʲôκȴͻȻ֮һԭġ
çײ£
Ҳ㣬ǮдáˣǲֹǶңǴƶо޴İ
һ𳤴ķСκҲͰѺ͵˵˳κ𩿪ʼúģ̲סʧС
ʲôƽ𣡡
κ𩶢壬۾ɵô󣬴е
壬ôܴӦֽףͲܵ飬ʲôʯֵ˾ƽ𣿡
κǰڣоԼվҪվסˡ
Ϊһǧ߰ƽѾˣû뵽Ļ»ں棬ȻǷ˱˾ƽ
κоͷҪըˣ
κ𩣬Ҫšִ֪磬ӡ
嵭Ȼһ侲κķӦԤϣЩʮ꣬˭ƽľ޿һӦ
岢ǳ嶯¡ȷܴӺͿʯлȡ棬ǲ¡
κ𩣬㵣ĵ£ҸҪİ
򶨵
ʲô£
κһ侲
˵ɣҪʲôֻҪܰϵģҶᾡ㡣ɹһء
ֵܣ
΢΢һЦȻǴСһ㳤ĺֵܣؼʱ̹Ȼס
̫࣬ߣǽ˵
ǰκںһ·ߵ
κ˫ü壬һ˼ɫƺڿôƺ
ƽǸСǸɵκ𩲢Ϊõ
ΪˣκͼٴȰһ壺
壬Ͳ취ʽ𣿡
У
ҡҡͷ±ĽǲܳģҲ볷
ô㣿
κ
Ҫʮʯκ·㣬취

һ¾Ӫⷽ棬κҪǿöࡣ
û⣬һ㾡취ɵġ
κԥľʹӦˡ
Ȼûнӹܼ⣬ʮĹ˵Сһ
ٺ٣ֵܣлĻҾͲ˵ˡ
ЦЦзࡣ
ƽǸСĿҼʯȻѺͿʯȸõķ
ںͿʯļ۸񲻸ߣֻҪȸȫԴճɮľƽ
ڵõκİоͰˡ
κ𩿴ӣֹ硣֪ʲôǲܷ
ֻܾ취ȥ壬ɹһء
⣬һҪ鷳㡣
ͻȻ
Ŷʲô£
κЩ⡣֪飬廹ʲôҪ鷳
ҪҲһĽˡ

Ľꣿ
κüͷû֣ƺǺ
šǳ͢ĹԱӦüǺܸߡֻҪӳ͢ĹԱһһԲ鵽֡ҵˣҡ

Ҫʲô
κֵѵʶʲôԼ֪ˣ
ЩҪ鷳ǳҪ鷳һҪġ
֣ص
ϵԶʱκ֪
ǺðɡҵһЩؼҡֻҪ棬Ҿһܲ鵽ʱ֪ͨ㡣
κε
ٺ٣ֵܣҾ֪һӦġ
Цݺݴһκļ
ʲô취˭ֵأ
κһȭһȭϣȴһ󡣿ˤλκһϽջȭͷ
壬ʵôô
κһϽס塣
ʲôһֱֲǲ֪

кóһʱûˡ֮ǰָҶԸ߷ɵʱһΪʵˡ
κɴ۾
ֻԶԡκȻߣȴ൱ŬⷽԼˡ
壬Ӧõ㹦ˡˣ˵ˡеͽˣˣ
ˣκһȥ
κ뿪Ҳͣһǧƽתͷؼҵķʻȥ

ؼҵʱ򣬰鱦Ҳӭÿ͡
𣿡
ĽֵϣһӰͷɫҳ
û鱦У
һ˺ܿ϶
˳ƮƮɷ׹ǣͶ¶һǿƣȻ
ɮò벻ϵʯȻǼ֮зЩƷİǵڶڹֲˡ
ǰпͨͨ˵ԭ벻ϾȻ˷ĿʯһõֿʯȻܹٳ߸ͷһ
˵ţһһ˵¶һһģһĺͿʯһƷһǰǾżҵһλִ⼸λʯĺУһִҪ˼ʯƷ˻ȥ
ЩƷǾżҵĿⷿ˺ܾãһֱʽֱз⣬ʱ˼עˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ִֻй£дȥʯƷȻ󣬼ҹٿۻᡣ
ֱִ¡ҵҪס
׵ԶֹǾżңǳҡֺͿʯǳ⣬˵ܸıǾֽĴβ֪һҪ뷨跨İס
ݳ˳
š
һӦţҲĵ˵ͷ
żڵĴǳҪһĿǰĴҲԳԭ
ת˴˸ֵָ֡꣬ϣʮ׵ĵطһŴ򿪣۴䣬߳һʮ꣬ĿǵĹͷС
ӷ𣡡
ͷпһۣһţ˹
ʱȻԾѡ˲ǱˣȻǳǽͨµĻС
֮ͨ٣Բо֮һ
ɮֻԭԣżУǿǵһ㣬Է㽻νס
ʦɣ
˹һ룬һһ䣬һ߽˰鱦С
˳׼˽鱦УɮʱķչȴԶԶ˵Ԥϡ
ʲôͿʯѾˣ
µ˿ǰɮ˺ȻֱԼĶ䡣
ôܣ
ڶд𾪡
ǵ͵УΪ˴νסڼεĽҲӣǺܴȨޡ
Ȼû뵽ǣɮȻ˵Ϳʯˡ


29 ˵ļҷ
ӷǵģλʩͿʯȷʵˡ
еƺʲɮٴȷһκ󣬶˵
һʱ˵
⺣ͿʯʲôĶɮҲüˣһֱûȥ
һȻǺǵ۷йأͿʯķͲԣһҲΪͿʯոճ֣ʶ֮٣ټɮµ͵ֻ˵һŲͨ
ǸûżҲŻεĽ׷ǳģѹûǹ
ʱһѹۡû뵽ͿʯȻѾȥ
ĺͿʯȥģ
Ϊ׵ɫص
ǲǾĸˣ
һ˵
˵ĵһӦɮѣַ̧ۣҪȻĻǾǾˡ
ǰ߻ãҲǶǮǺߵĻǾ鷳ˡΣ˶֪һҾ־ȻԼ졣
һԻе˵ͷ˵Ļԭⲻɮ
ңǱһʮСߵġ
һоתͷҡͷ˵
С
һ㵣ֱԼĶ䡣СôܻСʼ˺׼˵Ϳʯ߸˴㵡
ʦǲǷˣ
ڶ˵Ȼ֪ðʱ˲ôˡ
Ϳʯ鲻С£ζôҪĶȻһСˡ
ңһСôĲ
˵ĵһӦǻеǲǲڷĹг˴󣬰ĳҵַС
ôһɲеɫ÷ǳѿסеĲ죬ɮ
ûдǱһСߵġ˵ǸС塣
Ƭ̺󣬻ٴ
壿
иоꡣȫǵԤ֮УҲӡ
ôʮС֪ĸС
˵ϸ㡣ǸСʲô
Ϊ׵˵ʼղźͿʯᱻһĪСߣҲ̫ͻأˡ
˵ǸСɫ·Լôߡ
ϸתɮеݣֻԽķͺͿС̫ˡ
ˣ˵ǸСǴƾŹ
˵һõϢ
Ź
˻һһ㤵ı顣ˣôᳶϾŹڴƣ˭֪ŹӴЩϵ£ôоŹйأ
ȷû𣿡
˵ɴ۾
û
б˻ҪԾӦżΪֻǸ롢ͨĻǻҲûϵ¾ȻǣϾŹ
ڴƣŹĵλأû˲֪
⵽ô£Ź¸أû˵ԶȤô³Ϲϵ
˵̫ˣ˱ʸס
ٴκ˹ͨ
˵ǾŹǾŹϵ⣬ҲûаѺͿʯǺǩЭ顣ֻҪŹλһڳＯƽ𽻸ЭʽЧӵкͿʯдȨ
͸¶һͬѰϢ

𾪵۾Ѿ֪˵ʲôˡӴ֣żңһʱҲò
ǾŹǸӾȻô̿ڡ
˿⼸ǲɵ񡣵ôӻеתУ˻ǵõһҪϢ
Ҳ˵׻ûдɡʵûаѺͿʯ
˵
ɮ˵ͷ

ͬʱһֻҪ׻ûдɣôͻûгɶ֡Ҳ˵ǻлᡣ
ɮʳҵĵַ˴Ҵ뿪˰鱦̣ȥ
λӻ
ǰϵЩˡ
ɮҡͷпѡҪܴȨҪһҪ±ʱ˻ЩΪȻڣѾôˡ
ΪСϸڣѾųԼľߡ
ڣͿܲܳＯǾƽˡ
˵
ƽԲǸСĿҲû̫ѡⲻֹǶ屳ʵĿ飬ҲʵΪѾĲ
˵õϢѾֶʬˡ
ϣɡĻֻѰˡ
а

ҵĴſڴʱַǷ
ŵ룬˰һѺľ̫ʦξΣеӡū͡ū澣һſ顣
˿ʻжǵǡ
үһΥ˵ţѷݼǻ죬İӣͿʼ
ȵڣŭڣֻɫһԲЩżʮǶסˡ
죬˭Ҳ׼Ȱ˭ңҾ˭һ򣬼ҷź򣡡
˵ӳݷųлӡū澡ū͵Ķһ˸䣬һ仰˵Զ壬
̫ˣ黹ûƽϢֳȥ졣ֱڲŻٲΣԺ󻹲֪ǳٻ¡
Ҳ¶˾³Тӣˡ
ù
̫ʦΣơһӲͷƤһŵݵĹ˹ȥ
书嶼رǿֹǽ֮רӵƵģرۡ
ŹһԲҴǰսŵĿ¡
ԶͷƤ飬ĸ绪ڳһҴſڵ״Զע⵽ˡ
ȻԼΥĸ׵Ľţǻˡ
ӣô죿
꺣¡Ҳע⵽Զ̣㷲˷ŭӿǿ£
ϹսģˮȥʬɽѪüͷûһ¡λǰҲʶĸеη顣
£һӦ
˵ļһšУҲһûסһӣ鷳ˡ
ף
߳ͷƤ顣Цĸ׿ǳ¡
꺣¡ǻ𣿡
û塣
ˣ
꺣¡Ӻ߹㷲ǰԼ֪Լ£ųүǲûͳүһȥ
еŭ֪
˾ûʲô˵𣿡
˱˼Σ˵˷ʱҲӵķŭ
ʧְ𷣣
˹ڵϣͷû档ȷʵ˷˵һûʲôġ
ãǺүż죬ͺһˡܺãҼҷã
˺
Ҳòᣬȥһ죬˵̬ȾǰˣȫһϵӣòС
һȣ
Ҫͷ꺣¡ɫ䣺
ףҶҪͷͳͷҰɣ꺣¡޹ء
˫ϥһĹڵϡһһ˵岢Ϊǣ꺣¡ˡ
ܺãôѧụ̻ˣ飬Ҳ˵Ϊӵ𣿡

޹زɷԲҲǱŵˡǰʱǿŮ黹ûڹ¥һ粨ͱȥˡ
廹ûȡѵģûôֹմĹﻤأҲ֪ʲô
Ҳˡ
ǰ֮֮ʦٲΣԺһ֪Ҫǳ鷳¡


30 ʹ
ˣү꺣¡һѺ׻ȥҷã
˵䣬վ
ˣ
ɫһ䣬꺣¡Ҳ˲ɫǽţļҷɲֹǹ°塣
̷Ӳ󶼵õһƤ
ٶüҷǿ˵ɫοˡ˵¼ҷܣǳүɲһܵˡ
ˡ
˵ˣ
˸飬ͱ˴ˡӲĳƺȫע⣬һҪһ̵Ľѵ
ֻŻļ䣬Ժ¾ͻ֪룬һΪĿģ꺣¡һǣ˽ȥ
Ѿˣǻ֣
˺ĳҼѸǰס꺣¡ۿһҷñⲻˣڴʱ
ˣʹͣ
ͻȻһԶһݻһ»һ̴ĺӡ
һ˲䣬ſڰˣ壬ȫ»
ʹͣ
˽ȻֹתӺݵŵһƬȻ
׾Ѿ֮ǰҲûиʲôʹ͵顣֪Ϊʲôͷ
ǺǣˡʹͲǸ˵ġرġ
»΢΢Ц
ˣ
һɲǣĿ׷䵽ϣǾȡ𰸣ôƬ̵ʧ
ˣǲŪһҲûС棬ôͻȻʹͣ
˼д󲻽⡣
ΡҼ꣬ϵܽ١һÿע⡣ңÿҲֻүӴٵʱ򣬲Żȥôһܿߡ
һ壬Ҳֻĸס󲮡С壬źöࡣӣټ档
һμ¶ǻ߰ǰôõ飬˭ܼǵáվǰϵãôͻȻʹ͡
ǺǣҲȷʵȷǴ͸ġ˵ˣӣΪá˵ӲŻڣĿˣضгϢ
»תͷ壬һ͡

⻰һȺһƬȻеĻӡū͡ŮȫһԾĿ塣
˶ŤͷŵĿ壬⻰ǵԼǸѧǷǵӵġ
˺մȾе񣬵ȴҲ֪ײˡۿǷͬһ㡣
֣ôǵң
ʵκ˶档ǵԼʲôֵ͵£ûкչ档
ܿ죬ʲô
Ǻǣºλ¬Ѳ˹ϵ
΢΢һЦжʱȻ
Ѿ뾩ΪԼԵģҲֻλ¬ˣҲԼǰһ
ףʵϳȥǺ֡Ҳˣˡ
æվЦ
ĺûᣬǲֻ֪ᣬǿɾͰװ˷һƬġˡ
˺ݺݵĵһۣȻҲ֪ô£ǵʹߵ棬Ҳˡ
лл

лʹߣ
Ͻǰһݣ鷳ʹ߻ȥл
Ǻǣ幫ӿˡ

ңͿˡһΣ˶Ϊһ٣û뵽Ȼ
û㶣ѵõĻᣬϽ˸ͷ˽У֮زز

صԼķ䣬ţԼ˱裬ĺһƣһҲƽ
ʹѾȥĸҲѾ御ū澡ǡظϢȥˡҸۡƽ彥ʱ˼պ顣
׵ѾͿʯǱ߼ƻʽҲѾ֣ҲԼķСκȥæޣȸᴿ춼Ƕʱڿһ͵飬һʱԼҲûʲô¸ˡ
ҲһԼʵˣ
һڲ裬а
һľһѵĴƽ٣ҲĴѲκһ˽ƾ˵¾ܽġ
ƥһŭʮһŭѪǧֻ϶£ͨ޵Ķı磬пӦδǳѡ
һԼĶλ߸߲·ߡֻиı壬ı۹˺ƣпʵԼʹ
Զԣ˵ʵǺܼˡ
˵˵ͲҪˣ
δԼҪ߲㣬ӵ϶£ı۹Ȩͱ˵ǿʵ
ޣڴƵ۹һжǽʵġ
ҽκʱκһƾͰԼһҲ˸ѡ
κ˵ģԼҲùˡ
ӲԼʵУδȻһȻǰ״
죬Ͳóȥˣڼúɣ
а
žˣСƬ̣עܿ켯е͸ԼĽϡ
Ҳ֪˸ʲô
еĽУͻȻһ˿档
ʹУ˽ͷײʹͣʹͣʹͼһ͸ԼĶ·Ҳᡣ
ΡȻ꣬ǶǴ֮飬ЩС޹ء
С⻹ǵһδյʹ͡
Ͻ򿪿
뵽Ҳ಻סеĺ档зŵϣסİһ˽С
㰡
вŸոŲһ߷϶оŵһŨŨˬҩ㣬ʱ̲סһ
ǵҩ
ԺһͷжʱһƬϲŨҵҩУ廹ŵһŨǺǦĩζ
ǡǡĳɷݣʣ͸ԼһżΪĵҩ
͵Ĵ򿪽УȻе׽ɫ⻬˿ϣһԲγΣ飬Ǧƹĵҩ룬ɢĹ
ĴָСĵҩ棬忴ϸСµɫƣһּصĸо
嵤
ϲ͸ԼģȻһǧĴ嵤ǳԪԪ鵤
Լһš嵤ֻǿϧҵʵȫ𡣶ңĵʦϡ٣ͬʱֻڵ۹ĻҺ壬ˣȨڣѲ
ЩʦԵһ棬ײβȨ󶼺Ѽһ档
û뵽ԼľȻһôĴ嵤
̫ˣŵҩҾͿˣ
öҩԺȴһһžѧžѧҼЧһʼû
ö嵤һоͲͬˡ
ö嵤ҲǰθһʣøǿȴܽӳЧá
ԼԺѵӪҲǺаġ
ŷ׼һЩҩˡ
а
ʱյĵǳ⣬˴ǦĩǺͽɷݡֶĵҩͨ˵Ǿ綾һŲᱩС
˵ȴͬǦĩܹǿߵĹĤҲǵĶ֮
ʵһЩҩĳɷкһЩ嵤Ķԣá
žգ
ţ嵤·ŻؽУպá


31 ż
ԹԼұؽյСãڷϢһͻȻ֮䣬Ŵ򿪣꺣¡һʹ洳˽
ʲô£
ü̧ͷ
ӣ
Ҹָ֮ۡͣҪ塣꺣¡ǡΪ飬˷ſվڣ˭Ҳ֪
꺣¡Ѱ˼Ҫ߷˵ģǷʱ䷳ĵѾˣҪ֪ү桰¡·ǵɣѰ˼ԾͰ¸
ү㻹ǼɡҪȻҪǱ֪ⲻһ𷣡
˹ӵ
һЦ꺣¡Լûз֣ǵ̬ڲ֪з˸ı䡣ⷭڽǰǾԲ˵ġ
Լϵġĳĺܸ۷ã٣ӦѾﲻٰԼǸӵˡ
߳ţլۡٷÿ͡˵ʵҲ˵ʲô·ΪʲôԼ
壿
߻ûͷ˾ѾķˡʵһԶû߹˾ѾϸĹ۲ˡ
ʵڷǳ棬ʲô˰·ԼĺͿʯ֪˲࣬ԷԼǰԷͬѰĸ߼Щʯʵڲһóģ
˺֪ԼĶ˭ֻ˶û뵽Ȼôᡣ
ɮû˵ѣȷʵһӣ
żңǳӣһٶȻһƻʵ˺š
˭
嶢ˣͬڹ۲ǡ岢ǵԼǣϣԶԶľŵһŨҵ⡢Ǻ¯Ϣ
ζˣһǳĳⳡϹˡжѾ²⣬⻹Ҫ֤ʵС
ż죡
ȣӿܲʶǣǶǾżҵˡ
˵żӪľףȻҵк˲Ϊһʮĺӻ֪Щ
Ȼǣ
ƽ޶ԣȴǿһû뵽żҵ˾Ȼô졣
ǰһʱָһȸЩǾżҵƵġ
û⣬ԼֵĻżҵ˽ӹԼİӺɮ򽻵
ҵż׹ӵоصĵλûǣȸƿһҶ¡
ϧܾżѾо˺ͿʯʯĲ֮ȻûȷʶͿʯֵ
ǴĺͿʯֻСƷټƲ÷֪ȸֵȷַûзӳֲָĵֵⲻܲ˵һź
֪λʲô£
Ц
ӵģ˵ҵɮˣһЩʯ
Ŵǣί
Ϳʯһٶй˲ֿ֪ʯ˽٣֮µĺǰĳɾӵķһĿʯ
֮̽ĵϸ֮ǰ˲˵̫ࡣ
ǺǣȻˡ
һ⻰Цˡϣ˹ȻǳźͿʯģҺܿҹһ󣬴˵ַġ
ֿʯȷʵһЩôλֿʯҲȤ
һ˫֣һѵ
һЩȫˡֹȫˣһ¢˺Ϳʯպۡ
ɮ˱ڣ򲻵ͿʯᵽԼ
⡭ǾżȷʵҲֿʯȤ˵ѾȫˡǴسŹҵصģû˵ҵҲԣ֪ܸܲЩʯøǾżҡȻҲùӳԿģǻºĻƽΪ㳥ʾ⡣
˹һ
ⷭ˵ĺǳг⡣ŹһһҸǺ˸ӴһƲ
ЩͿʯǱôֻھżܷӳֵ
ȻżҲҪҲĲżҶҶá
Ȼ˺ͣϾǸСӣҹҲܲЩʯ
ҹⷭ»СԵĳɷݾӶࡣ
ٺ٣
һ⻰Цˣ֪ԼСӣΪԼʶ
λ׼ͶΪ
һǧƽ𣡡
˳ˡƽֻ֣ҪӰѺɮ֮ԼǣǾͿһǧƽ͵󸮡
һǧƽ𡱣·һ֣һȥ̹֮óġ˿˶ƤӣһűûеֵĿʯԼͿԵõһǧƽ׬ˡ
ϸĽţһҲһǧƽ֮Ըô֣ǿǵˡŹҲһء
Ǻǣ֣λǻȥɡͿʯԼǲģ˻ǻȥˣˣķʽҲ١
һЦ˰ֵ
Ϳʯ׼׬ȡʮƽľ޿ƸһǧƽҪһͷ
һȸ׬ͷࡣ
λ»һûСˡһǧƽӦŹˡ
Ϊʲô
۾һԾ
ֵѾ൱ˣǵ˽ҼĹһµʮӾͲˡ
ʲôܵһǧƽɵӲŲɣ
ˡֱԣӣһǧƽѾˡҪ࣬ǺѴӦ
ɫһɫѿ
һǧƽѾʾ֮ᵽˣû뵽Ȼ٣Ǹû뵽ģҲǾܴӦġ
żڴƺպҲûеһǧ𣬼ʮǧƽ𶼲£ӳȥĵز
ңû˵ĻͿʯԼҲûȫְɣһڲƽ𣬿µʱ򲻵òͿʯҪһǮû˵ɣ
˺
ƽֱǸɵ񡣾Ƕھżļ˵Ƿǳķ˵ֻٺ»ġˮšˡ
˸ͲܹɵˣҲ̸ԭ
˵ļƻУõԼҲҪɮ̸ģҪôӣҪôӳʱޡ
֮һڳＯƽκοܴҴ˵һʺѳܵĸ
ǺǣλóǺҪֿʯһ£ҰԼǾżңǾżҵʵĿʯһܹٵ󣿡
վ̨ϣԣһַǳŵĿǿ˵
⡭
һ㵣û뵽⣺
ǾżҵţκֻһֻҪǵŶԭļ۸ֺͿʯֻҪżҵ֮һٿԲٻƽ󡣡
ż졢һŵ


32 
ʵ˵ƽżڲϸоֺͿʯǾѵĶʯҪ̫Ĵ졣
ֶʯżҵĴ췽Ͼżҵıǣһܸߵļֵ
һʮӣ߼ʮּ𡣶һЩƵıʮƽ𣬵ʮƽļ
ֵּѾǺܶ฻̶Գܵļ۸ˡ
ǾżҲֺͬͿʯƵıа߰ƽĸ߼ۣﵽһǧƽļ
νֵǧһܹһǧƽۣҲֻоϲʸʵ
Ҳ˵ڡ
ʽ֮УżӦܹ׬ƽ󡣸Ҫǣһһֶܴ߾żƵĵλ
ҲΪϳϣȴͿⵥԭ
ߣֺ֪Ϳʯ𣿡
Цˣ˵ʵ

˸뿪ڣţһסˡ
ֻ˺ͿʯѾˣûʹԷûжﻹʲô۸
⻰סǡ
ʯѣҪ̫һʹ۸ӦûϺܶ࣬ټ˹Ǿ͸ˡôҲӦòᳬһƽɣ
򶨵
һƷϼѣֵ֮ĵ۸һƽޣһ֮һ¶ԶԶôĻƽ
ʯƷʷͬ죬˸Ѿ൱ˡżȿͿʯļ۸ٸߣҲܳ۸
ǣ
һ⻰ЦȻżȻѾо˺ͿʯĲ֮ͬȴûȷʶֿʯֵ
һ˵嵹ΪʲôһżӴɮ󣬽Ϊôһʯˡ
Ҫ֪ںͿʯճһǿǧѷĻᡣȻżҴʧᡣ
λҲǣ
ָ
λĺɮļ۸ǹһʯļ۸300ƽ𣡡

۾ĳԾˡ˭Ҳû뵽Ϳʯļ۸ȻôѾԶԶеĿʯļ۸
Ҳ¸ǣͿʯԼǾԲȥġǸһǧƽ𣬸ͲҷֻҪһͿʯɵɾ׬ĻƽֻҪϼɾܴչƽļ۸񣡡
屳˫̨֣ϾӸ£һԸ
ⲻܣ
ʧ
ӣڿЦƽһûļ۸ļ۸۸Ҫºúÿˡ
⣬һ׬ƽӣ棡˵Ǿú˼ܺ棬ǲôáûôߵļ۸񡣡Цһ㶼Ц
ɫ࣬Ǵų彻̸̬ȣȴ˸оȫϷŪǣܲء
ûڿЦ
嵭ΪʲôżֻȴûץסˡûԼżҲץסᡣ
Ҫıƺȸּ֮ȶˣжֻԼ
ȫûùΡͿʯ300ƽһû˿ת徵ءҲ֪ܲܽܣңȫܹܵġ⣬ǵҲܳＯƽĻȫصģò˶ãҾܳＯȫʽ𡣡
̸ĻȿǺҰɣ
嵭ⲻԸǶԼš
żҲ֪δս٣гļ۸ʲôı仯Ѿƽ̫ˣѾ̫ûдˡ
õĺƽӴľӣʹԴҵ̬ȺĴʳȻͬ
󲿷ֵֻҪﵽˮƽӰսͿˡǾżĶңڶҵҲûǧ󾫵ľ
ıҲͿˡ۸һֱǺܸߡ
ĴʳԼңԶĵطΪ˿ڲ࣬ټƵսʹǶĶˮƽӡ
һϺõʱ䣬ҪԶúܶ࣬ķѵʱ;ҲҪöࡣ
ʹĴʳñҪģʯļ۸ҲҪܶࡣ
ƽĶۣˮƽñ٣ƾ־󾫵ġ񡱣ˮƽʵѾǳˡ
˫Ķˮƽܴ󣬵δʱƣֲԽԽ
ҪӭϣҪȵδһϵа֮󣬲ŻӶҵ
ʱЩģˮƽ߳˴ʱ䡢Ѫƥģ˵ļֵ
гҲ֮˵ı仯
żҾ֪һҲֻǼѣ
ڣѾȲһˡͿʯĽ۴һ濴Ƿǳֵõġ
ӣȻ㲻Ըˡȵһºǻ㡣ȻȥɮӺʣ
һ߷ߣȻûа˵ĻȥĻȥ˵Ķодǡ
ΪżҵĳϣѾ御ΪˡⷭŪȻ˺ǲ
ӣǣ
˶˵һתߡ
Ǻǣǲˣ
˵ıӰһЦɽ֮ʯԹ񣬾żڻӺͿʯ̫ΪԼڸҪۣ޳⡣
ȵһºԼӺͿʯƳȸʱ򣬾żҾ͸֪Լһֶû˵ѡ
ȵ֪Ϳʯֵ͸ùԼˡʱԼɾͲֿˡ
Ҫ֪ƿǲֹһҰ
ǺһЦת԰

С̫ˣѵ֪ڰ𣿵ȵһºҿƽ𣿴Ǳ߿ɲǿЦģ
һƽ𣿿ʲôЦΪǰʲôֵܹۣ
һߣһз߷߲ѡ
˴ųû뵽ҵ˾ȻôĿˡǺء
߰ɣ߼ҵô׬ƽ𣿡ˣȵһºֱϵɮɡ
˵Ѹٵĵżҵķʻȥ

͵鲻Ƕʱڿһ͵ġκǱѰĹҲҪʱ䡣
ݵĿյܿŵԼ书ˡ
ûмǴĻ͢ѵӪ飬£ѵӪؾͻʽ
ҪѵӪоǲеģй˵ʵѵӪҲʲô˶еġ
ңҦڹ¥ôĿ岻λϢģݻѪ̵Ľɫ
۴һ棬Լй˵ʵԱС
ܲܽѵӪͿŴ嵤ˡ
ʳжָųĴ嵤ͷһţŴ嵤


33 
嵤ܹ˵ҪĻ
ķŹֱ֣ǡǺͱǡ֮⣬ͳͳǲġ
ǷУձ飬ҲҵġǵžѶˣֻй֮вУҸŸҵĶز⴫
ǵ֮Ǿ͸ϡġǹ֮ңҲǿɼΪֻ֮ڻ֮УϽ⴫
֮У֮ϹŴӴΪǷšĳ̳õִ̳ңҴһֱơ
žѧܶˣһӿû˵
ҲǻԵɺϣΪżȻԭõֻ֮֮ʲô춯صĿѧ֮˵һĸ
һԼֺУѧ˷꣬ѵͣںôŬֵõǰİվڴˣﵽʥ侳Ҳ޷ٳ߸ͷһ
˵һźһİܣҲ޹ϵ
һһڿֲźˡԼδһԴǰļ£ߵĳɾͣ
䣡
СƬ̣漴һȭ䣡һȭһҵĻ漴ӿǻ֮ɢ£ȥ
̤ơǡĲͨȭͬһͷչ壬ڵߵΡ
ҪģεĶɢȫѪʹⲿԪʽݼڵѨϣıߵĸǣӡǡΪǡ
ǡȴһĻһ˵ĸǺòãֱӾδǺõˣ°ǲõˣһҲֻǷ̥壬ɾޡ
ԣܡʲô춯صĿѧܸߴɽɼΪӡ
飡
ʯ䣬ֱȭΪƣһ̤ͬͻɽ㣬͵һȭը죬һɾǰ˳ȥ
Ϣȭ
ϢȭҪ죬ҪдĦϢľ裬һȭĶȫʮʮ⣬ʹڴһϸСͨõҩҩ˳£Աƽǧٱĳ̶ȳڵѨϡ
һȭǣ׼崧ĦĲ͸ܹͨģڴһҩҩͨȫļ⡢
˵ǧֹˡ
岻ֻͬʮ꣬Ϊǵ͵ĿΪǰһ±Ԫ˧Ǽġܺ׾ʹĦеľҪּ⡢˵⡣
֡
ţͻȻһ٣֪ͣΪʲôʱоرⲻ׵⣬ȭʱˮ齻ڵĸо
֪Լ֮ǰһֱε
ķôãӦûоܲײŶԣȫûָоûУˮ齻ڵĸоҲ缶ܹеġ
ͷ·Ժӹҡҡͷܿ뷨Ժ
ƣ
룬תһ̤ͽƣܽŲأһȭ˵ĸоȴ⵽ȭֱֵͺһʵƲһ
β
̽צ

̤ߣһѶȼߣ弡⡢Ƽ侫׼ġʩչƮݳȺ磬ǧֲͣµ
ϣȥµʼֻߵӡϸȥͻᷢЩӡķֲϱǡ
СǡеĲ
̤أ˵ľߡ
ҵĺ԰žˣһ
˺ܲͬ
ʱ򣬲һǰŴ嵤¸ֱӺڿСһǷŵСɡ
¸ܹ˲䱬ҲЩҩЧױȥɲҪ˷ѡ
ڿͬȻɢһ˿˿һƣҩӵĳ־ãҲܹӵҩȫá
ˣ
ʱ仺ȥѷԸȥκ˲ţԵҲֵһ徻ڡ
ҩҩϵɢԸоԼԽԽȣȫҲȶ
嵤ǿߵģⱾã
ܲɹŴ嵤̷ȥһʱ䣬ӦÿԲﵽԪĽˡ
̤ʱԺһͷ
ԪŽףһ׵ŽףֻԪ׵ļԪĽ׵κ𩶼Ȳ˵ԪŽ׵Ҧˡ
ΪҪѵӪǺѵġ
ѵӪڻڳﻮУܶ˶ΪѵӪȨӵܵģֻҪȨӵܾͿԽȥ϶Ϊ
ȴ֪պ͢ѵӪձ׼ʱܶ˶һ
ҪѵӪٵĽװΪһ֮ܶ󳼺Ȩķͷԣǵ͢ϵλѶǲΪκ˶ĵġ
պĹأֹֻԽԽϣ
һѵӪصѧԱֻҪԪĽףͻףףܼһѧԱպֻԽԽѽȥ
ԺЩ£ܿ˹žľ硣
ˣ֪˶ã
ţ
Ȼ߹ҵϦͻȻסˡմ嵤ҩЧԼľΪ屾ԤҪԺһҩ
ǲ֪ΪʲôʱԤƵҪ˺ܶ࣬ƺԼڴ嵤رǿһ
һ±Ԫ˧ս˳ᢣҡִ嵤ʱǾԲܼġ
һѾˣ˵ʱôࡣ
ֹˣһ˾Ǽ򵥵Ķվ˶оƣԼôãȻһƣĸоûС
⵽ô£
գ¶ɻɫ
ϴڹ¥ԸҦʱʵѾиоˣһԭȣԼƺ˲ٵı仯ֵʱ˺ܶ࣬ڹ¥ϣܶ౾㲻ĹҲȥˡ
ǸʱָоǺԡҲûȥʱȥ巢ֱ仯ƺԽԽˡ
嵤ֻ˸оң嵤ҪôҲòôȥҩģˡ⡭
д˷
һԼһӡеԼϵıƺȻͬ˼ȥҲʲôɵĵطһҪ˵еĻֻˡ
ԣǿ𡭡
а
ǿصǣԼǾԲתġĻһбȻǿصϡ
ϸ죬ԼԼǵһɲƺʲôֻѾǲˡ
ѵǿǵҵ壿
а
֮ϸ飬оκεҲ鲻κε⡣
ֻֻԶǸˣ
̾˿ܿȻʧ󣬲ܿ췢Լ벻ջ
Ԫ۷壬ֻһ˿ͿԴﵽԪĽף⼸ӽһ£ӦҲͲˡ
ϲĵͷջԤƵҪߺܶࡣ
嵤ֻܴԪװ㣬ȴƾصСɣԶջ
ԪŸײ㣬ǰײվ׮ѪѪͳͳﵽԪĽײšʱھͻУһԪϵĻ׳ͻԽԽԪߣ
а
֮ڴľԪĽˣʱǿ׳Ѫ֮оͻ۳һԪԪԺͻ׺ܶ࣬ҲϺܶࡣ
ļ죬˴ţ춼ں԰
ϱɹⱲ徫רעޱȡ
䣡
֮ʱ򣬺䣡ͻȻһ𣬾ͺŭİ˵̰һһϺȻѣһƮƮɵĸоӿ
Ըоڵ˲١
ɹˣ
һ֫ٺѪҺڣһөȫƵѪϸвͻȻһ΢С
彫΢оۼһ𣬺ܿ죬ڵĵط;ۼһɡԲϡԪ
þΥĸо
ײϰԪݺݵ߬ȭͷмޱȡ
ⲻһδﵽԪĽףһӵеĻصԪĽ׵ֵһᣬ˵εĸоȴⲻһ
ʮ꣬ԪĽ׵
Լһû飬ʮǵʱݺݵĴһι̵ĸ
δܲͻһȻ֪٣ԼѾʹһб˿ܣ
ˣ
ϲеʱͻһͻȻо˿һεΣպ͵⡣
˭
ɫһ䣬Ȼһ䣡ӦǺݺݵһȭһȭʯ쾪԰Ŀըһȭǵأݺݵ塣
С磬һȭ
ȭͷһ۵Ŵӿдʧɫ
Сã
û뵽ȻԼСڱ͵ϮԼѾͷǱ˽ôܵ԰ˣ
ϸ룬һֻϸСȭͷѾӿݺԼˡԼСãʵ̫ˡ
Ȼ粻ߣľˡԪŽ׵ҦǰֻС򡱵ķݡͷƤǣСóûûأҪǱУԼҲˡ


34 κ
飡
ʯ䣬룬һ̤̤ѧһǱԨһǰܳ
һǰġԪĽ֮񾭡Ӧ˺ܶࡣ
һԵľԺ֮Ա߲ܸоϵƤһصĴһ
ȭйιֱۡ
Сãڸ𣿡
ܻзŭѡԼҦ磬ҲҦЩսĻһȭУɸʮ¡
һǰ׻ˡ
ӦðǵʵӦùҵȭͷѽ
֮⣬СͷС֧ųȭĶһѹûĻ
С磬ķӦôôࣿ
СͻȻ̧ͷȻˡ֪ΪոһɲķӦٶԱǰϺܶࡣ
Ѿͷ
ֺֺЦһŭ𶼷й
Ϊֻһ˻һŴ壬ҵʵȻҲ
Ŷģ
С˦˦С֣ܿɥʧ˶ĺġ
Ѿͷ㲻Ǳ˽ôܵˣ
ûﵽԪĽײֹǻ񾭡Ӧǻӵġ
ѾˣΪʲôһҪؽѽ
СĵԼСһۣƲƲ죬˦ߣ
⣬κСκӵǼˡҪ˵㣬ҲŲأ
ʲôκˣ
ϲ˵˦ߡ

κǱ߹Ȼ˺Ϣ
ʱ䣬ϰ죬ܹʱ䣬κüĹϵұͿʯҪ֡
ײҲҵŸףòײǼʮȻģҪ˵ȫ´࣬㿴ôɣ
κôһصҶ֮Уָһʮᣬ׳һ⡣
忴һۣʮ׳һ㣬ʮ㣬ָϣһϼ룬óǴĸ֡
Լκ£ˡ
ԣ
ͷ
ٺ٣Ҿ˵ԼֵܣҰ£ģ
κ˵һָ壬
гү
ү
ʮͭɫӲ̬˾ηܱԼүֵܵģСȻҲͷС
κ𩣬ĻҾͲ˵ˣлˣ
ݺκļϲޱȡͿʯļƻǷǳҪһǰʮκĹļƻҪˣڴֽš
ȸӵ̫ˣû˱ⶫܸԼ档
ںͿʯŸոֻҪԼݺݴһШԺǳˮĲƸ
κе鶼塣
Ҳһã̤һǰںڵĺͿʯ˳䵽ϡ
ڿʼǷֳ飬ֻһҪǾһʮʱ¯ĻҪһֱţڣɣ

Ȼòֻۣʮͣһͳ±ڣһ仰˵һȻϡ
ǣү
˺ȻӦ
¡һբŴ򿪣һ޺Ļ¡¡Ų۵Ӹߴй£漴ҶŨ̹һʮ͸κ⴦ͬһľܻ¡¡ת
Ȼʶ㣬һҲǵһμұӣиоǳر
۵еĻ¶ȶߣ
ߴբйµ޺ͻȻ߹ȥʵ
ǧٶȣ
۵ԣһͭɫʮĹͷһբйµĻκ˷ˮʦ̽ӵط֮гнӵĵصҽ
ҽұ¶ҪϺܶࡣǣκĵصҽԲ
ԼүҪǾԲܶ˿ŵġ
¶̫ˣһǧٶ£
û뵽üͷ𣬴һӣԥ

ͷ˴ﷴӦææ
ǳүҽǼΪѵã֪ҴҪɵáұʯ¶ԽߣЧԽð
㰴˵ˣ
岻ɵ
⡭
ͷסˡһڸ½У¶ԽߣЧԽãҲȥеʣĵǼ׿Խġ
Щڵжĵ
үСԶֶһ֪ұĵػҽǸ˵Ĳˣλȴ¶̫ߣѾ֪˵ʲôˡ
ĥĥߴߴģү˵
κһԵȻұȴ֪޵ķʸô϶ĵ

깤ͷ⻰ֻ̾Ϣһ֪⼸ʯҪϵˣЧҲ̫á
ҲԼĿʯֲԼġֻ룬δЩϧˡ
źɳ
ͷתһ¡Ҷߴһ̣޴ƤӴϷбϸɳ㵹˲۵֮С
ػҽǲˮģֻɳӡҲģҵļɡ
ɳ㵹ȥһɹŨ忴۵еĵػҽȻ˲٣ĵͷ
岻ұȴúͿʯ
ֿʯʯȻͬʯ¶ԽԽãǺͿʯұ¶ȴܳһǧٶȡ
ߵ¶Ȼᵼȸִ̼ʧƻĽᾧ֣ȸﵽֵزͨҲͲ࣡
ǰܶ˾ΪеܣټϺ´ʳⱣܣʹúܶҡȸֵʱִдƷƷ
ȸ½Ǳ˷ĸֲġ
ˣһ˴ʳ֧⣬ûһطܹͳȸ
ںͿʯŸոԿ϶ЩȥĺͿʯд붼Ҫװ׵˷ѵ
ֻҪԼܣδٺܳһʱԼᱣ־޴ơټ֮ڣԼȡöԺ´ʳơ
ǡǡδԼͿʯ֣
ӺͿʯȸлкܶܣ˵õֿʯܵõȸġ
ǱҪЩһ˵ȥ
¡¡
Ų۵ҽһǧٶȣͿʯұʽʼˡЩңԶʯŽһɸߵĸ¯棬Ȼ۵ĵػҽʼȶ£¡¡쳹Ҷ

岻֪ҶұͿʯʱһҦִڿʼԼһƻ
ܲΡҾڴһˣ
ҦϣĿ͸¶Ұġ
ս֮ҲûʴȿԡȻڹ¥Ƕƻ˴ƣҦһƲһơ
ֻҪļƻɹԼİŽУΡұضѲɡ
ֻҪ£ɧڳﲻж֣ҦпôҲ˷ɻڴ
үӲˣҦҲٻٴγõĳȥ
ΪƳԶүӣҲԼİμƻԸҵԭ
ݣ
ҦһһͬһԶ۶ȥ



35 Խʱ
ʱһĹȥÿһȥͿʯұչ
岻ұκԼЩǵҪȫԼҪԲڻ¡
֮
ˣҪˣ
Ҷ棬ȣһ䤱ĹͷͻȻеһ仰Ҷע⡣
ˣ
¯һܣ׳ͬʱǯӣ̽¯֮УĿұɵĺͿʯ˵ȸȡŵ̨ϡ
ǲ˼飡
óһԭʯȻôʯߵĲ˼飡
棬Ȼ⣬˼ʮʯô󣬻ǵһμֿʯ
⻹ǲߣȻиֵĹˣͰҲ࣬漣

һΧ̨ϵĿȸһ۾档óĿʯʱ򣬲ûиϸ˵
ұôĿʯ㷴ӦٳٶҲӦұĿʯǲ
Ҳֻڲʯոճߣ;ֵָ߱ԡ
ֶǼʮлûм
ֲҰ¶Ƚһǧٶ£
ʮ깤ͷʱҲӦ
̫ˣȻȸ֣
ҲǼޱȡ
һȻȸҲûȸұеĴߡȸһչ¶ݡ
һ޴Ľ
͸ǶĹˣ
߬ȭͷһƬѩһұɣ¾ɴߴƷˡһұӵҪҪӵСĺͽܳκβ
¯𳷵֦ջŷķ磬¶ȲҪٶȣ

һ仰ʱ˵ע⣬ʮ뿴˹ŹֲѡҪȫ˼
ү¶ǲ̫һ㣿
ǰƣûô͵¶ȶ졣ЧܲҹһܴΡ
ŵӵ֮ǰĵػҽǧȽһǧٶҲˣôһǧٶҲǸ¡
ھȻҪٶȵĶ¶ȣĵ¼ֱǰδšһһ֪⺺Ҫ
ĵλǸߣҲЩˡɲô͵ġ
ͣǰ˵ˣ
嵭Ŀӭʮ֣û˿һķʹǿӲȡ
ʱգ͵ķԶԶûг֣ڸ½СΪʹΣҲܴʱ䡣
Ǻܶ˲֪ʱ䳤ǿЧȴǸ¶Īġ
Ҫ춥ȸͱͽС
ȻͲָڱ¶ȵ½Уĸ¶Եġȸֵ¶Ⱦٶҡ
һ㣬ͬȸЧ֮𡣴ʳǱȻˮ¥̨ȵ£ҪƳһƷʵȸٻҪʱ䣡
ϡ
һѹĪѹ˵ʲô
ˣôˣ
κûôԣָűһʲôеûģ͸ˣֲǶô໰
尵Ц֪κ𩵹δʲô˼ֻԸ˶ѡκһЩҲʵˣһ׼
ÿһ飡ͬʱȻ첻깤Ǿʮ죡ǵһͼֽʼɣ
̯һͼֽǰ
岻ЩȴõĹκǧѡģˡңЩұʱһ⣬ֱݣĹô⡣
ԽǼղĹԽаǣԽԸԼ´췲ƷЩϲݣ˵ǵʵ

ʱҶ֮ٴηæ壬û֪ȫµ췽һγ硣
Сãȵһɣ鷳һæ
ʱͻȻת
ʲôѽ
СôŹǷһġ˵ʲôС͡Ϊʲôģ˰ʵǡ̫ˣ
Ұٶʹһ飡ÿǧΣ

ৣκ͵Ĵָһ壬Ҳ̫ţ˰ɣȻ뵽С˫ĸ
ʵͽһΡ
˶̫һԸˡ
Ҫ
Сðһ붼û͸ɴľܾȻѵΪСҲ̫һԸ˰ɡ
һƽ𣡲׸ɣ
ԥһָ

С۾һ͵۾ƺԼС翪Ķˡһƽ𰡣СӺӻǷֵ塣
ÿµ㻨ʮӣȻ˵Ҫһƽ𰡣Ҫô࣬Ƿˣ
붼
ɣ
С죬ͻȻͷŤһߣԥľܾκ󾪣Ϊʧ㣬СòԸɵʱ򣬶ͻȻһ
һУȻȻҾ͸裡ѵ㡣

ոջκһ䣬鶼ǹֵֹġرκ𩣬̲סͻȻЦ۾ҪЦˡ
Цˣ壬Ҳн죡СøڿǴѪѵ
κ𩿴һСãӶЦſˡ
Ҳҡͷ˵Ρκ˿һЦˡСãȻһС԰
ɽ
ǮĺܣκĻھһƽ治
Ү
С߬ȭͷСͨˡֻ̽һ£û뵽Ȼĳɹˡܿ죬Сƺ뵽ʲô侲һɵĿ壺
ƽǻƽ𣬿ɲӡ磬ɲƭң
ʧЦСѾͷԼڴԼҪ˶ƽԼֲţʼɹƸ̫˰
ȻСʲôʱƭ㣿Ƕӣǲţҿø㡣
ӻȡƽ𣬵˹ȥ
ƽȻ٣ܹСԪŽ׼ġʿ廹Ǻġ
һȸ֮ܶʮĸ߼ۣΪȸּΪϡҪĻ߼ա
ÿһȸǻ˴Ѫ˼µġԾǺͿʯĲأʳʹʿȸֵġ
ںͿʯһжǸոտʼ廹ûʲôߡҪĲͿʯҪһʼԼƷƣ
ЩʮƽȸҲɵӣȸӵԶͬļߵˮƽͼǲ˻ôǮȥġ
еĹضһҪ߾ԽԽǧȥ
һ棬СԪŽ׵ĸְæ弸Կ϶Լȸӵм߹պ
ɽڣ
ƽС۾ֱˣӹһӣڡ
С磬ôǮ
Сڷ˲ԾĵطκСǸֻ˵С׬˲Ǯû˵ǮǶġ
ټʮ˵
ֱȥһƽ
ɽ
Сõ˻ƽϲЦտﻹôǮ
ǸС԰
κһԣֱĨ亹
С֡æȸĴּӿ˲١Ҳżÿලල͵ĽȣȻǾȴȸɵӡ


36 ʦ䶯
ʱȥ
尴Ͱ࣬ȴȸɵʱʮ֮һӱ߻ĴϢ䶯ǡ
Ҧ죡λıĴҦүӡӣڱԽԽֵʱͻȻ뿪ӪأͻȻĪûκԵɵĳˡŹϵӪظ
ΪǣֵصӦӪأϴȴǡżȻһ֮ǰԽ֮ǰӪأʮ
ǣڱפصһγֹ飺
Ӧó֣縺פشڴ󷽹սӦóķشȴϣ֮ٻĺ˴
꣬ڱﻹûгֹ
ڣΪĵ·Ҧ϶һԲϧ𡣵ھġ¼Ȼ󲨣Ǹˡ
֣ûüκ˺Ѿƾ֣һ˵¼ֻһëƤı߽С£ֵһᡣ
Ǿ˶ɵӣǣ浽ˡҦүӡҦ죬ǣ浽λŹοֵҵʱһоԵòôˡ
ɵӶ֪Ҧǰ죬ͻȻĪģɲɵľӪغʮһоȫͬ
һ룬ϺҦλ͢УȲ˵ΣǡҦ֡һʵͷŵźţԸĸ̫వʾˣ̫ˡ
ǲ˵ģֻǿģ
ڣҦֵʱȴӣǰʮԶս
ʹʱһҦоԵݣϻ˵־磡
ɵҲó⡢ζ
ҲҦҵʲôѾжıҵ̬ȣ
Ҧ죬λϼ޻ʤһΡöж׵ĸ֣һڱ߽ó˰̣
һһּ䱿׾ķʽ˿һЦ
̫ˣ
Ϣ͵һϣֽĵƵסĵǡһɨա
һ̣ǰδеķɡ
ֱȻûп㣡ûпңֻҪңоŹ˶߹⣬ѱֺξ֮У
ڴϣüɫ衣ԿõϢˡ
ѾԼķʽҵ̬ȣһ̣еһ㻳Ҳƽˡ
Ǻǣ£˵ǲᱳѵġûɣ
£¬͢һȰ棬Ϸ΢Ц
¬ѧʿҪô˵ԣ
˫ְŷ֣ӱվ
ھ֪Ǳô쵰ĵˣ
֮ǰ֣Ҳ¡ҦǱ̫ˣصʱԲ£ÿ˶ɡ
ڳ꣬ߵ˸оԼܵĲ¼ɡɻʲô뷨ˡ
˵붼Ϊ
ԼһҲֻа벽֮ңһԼѹֻҪϣֻһ֧ԼԼͻ̫ңԼͻзء
Ǳߣǳʧˣ
ţŤͷһϹܼҡȻɫŰ塢俢һ㿴飬ȴܿӵ˼
£ūԼˡūɣԩҵˡԣūԸǰ
Ϲܼ̹Ȼ
뵽ҲϵʱȰ֮ĲޣǵԺ˵
ʵ֤ϣȫҦݺҡϱȫεġ
ԼˣϹܼȴްɥˡ
Ǻǣ뵽ȥˡ±ҵ˼ʲôϵһһ˵ҲȥϣȵŹյʱһϴ˵µġ
˰ֵ
֪ʮ˵ϲɵӣ٣ǸܵԼĻɡ
ûеˣ飬˾Ǵˣȥߵˡ
Ǻǣ·ģŹһġʱһȥˡ
¬͢һĻЦʶȻ¶һʱ۾ܻܿʶԼĴ󣬲Ҵȱϴľĺ
׹еݣһǼɹҲĵԭ
һ㣬£㲻𣿡
¬͢ͻȻЦŵ
ϵԸֱô֪ҦפظôܹϵлȣԤȺʮɲܹ飡
ֱҪһֱô䣬µҦͲѡˡҲڱôͷ˿Ц
˵
һȴǱ¬͢ѣһ¶˼ɫոֻŸˣȴûȥ˼֮
ȷ¬͢ҲǵһʶˣϵΪ˴Σˡ
һΣҦ춪ֳôЦȷʵϵһ硣
ĪǣǾŹ˼
ȥֻ뵽λ¸صүˡ²ϵ˼ֻҵλүڱָˡ
Ҳֻλүʵȥָ
ٺ٣Źüʮ꣬겻ˣеķݣܱѯʱҵҲϣıȨ㣬ĶǣǾŹóңʥԶүķݣ㲻ô㣬ǰ֪ҦҪϵأ
¬͢
үӣ
üͷΪԼѾµ˴𰸡û뵽¬͢Ȼȫλүӣ˭أ
ҦɲǷ֮ǼϺƽôƿһԲɲʲô˶ġ
£û˷
Źĳبڳ£裬ôܡְھϼһϲͨҪָϡ
ɽν̹٣ǸçⷽӰﲻϡʣһŮˡ
˭Ļָϣֶ˸ȴμ򵥣ǺʮҦ׿ﴦһȭڿУҰԲ
˵۹˶죬˼ֶ˸߾һԼǶԼ˵绢
αҦǽǣ룬ҲԼʵ̫ȱһˡ
¬͢ȻڷȴȱıԡǸָϵ˻вٵĲࡣ
ǣ˭أ
ڤ˼룬ȴʼ벻
ѵˣʵһˡ
¬͢
˭
̧ͷѿڶ
ѵϻһӣ¿ɲǲ֮ǰ𣿡
¬͢΢΢ЦĿ⡣
˭
Ȼһ֪¬͢˵˭ˣ
ܰɣ
¬͢˵ҦλжԵүӣеô𾪡Ҫ֪¬͢˵ĿһʮСӡ
ôҲţһʮСʶҦıָԶǧ֮ս
ǺǣҲ˵˵
¬͢
ѵˡ˭Ц˭ЦáбǼ¡ҲѰʮĺ顣
¡
¬ⷭ͢һӹԺһɲǣ𾪵Ըӡȷʵ˵һʮС飬λ֮ǰľѰĺ
¬͢˵Ļ¥ϣҺҦҺ֮ûпһⷢġ
ʵǾδ̫ˣ
Ȼһнֻǲ²⣬¬͢˵ģֻǡ˵˵ѡҲס塱֣ĥӡˡ
һʱǾŹˡʱΣҶҪԼһ塣
һ̣жǸûм壬ͻȻ˼ǿҵĺС


37 ŭ
ʣʣʣ
ͬʱһ赻Ի͵ۡУһŭŵɫֱʡ
ɲǼ䣬Ͽյɫȴʼֻ̾ϿհɵķΧ
Ҧ죡̫ʧˣ
һɲǣеķŭʧֱԱٳ֮ǰҦһ֤εһһʧ
ҦүӵϣҲҦĳɼϣѹеķŭԹ¥еʧӶû뵽ҦȻ͸һ
Ҧ첻ֹûܰ˵ɹΡңڱĻжҲΪЦ
ҦĲ£һΪұۣΪĸʧܣԼʧܣڳǰˣôЦԼ
ĸǾԲܽʧܵġĳ裬ܹܣ
ҦأҦй
ŭɶˣٿҲԶҿһ
ҵƣҦ죬ҪšԴ
ŭ쳹
Ƭ֮һƥս뿪ֱȥ
κչֹ֣ҦฮЩƵĸ߲Ȩ֮˾޴ķ졣
û֪ʱ˿̣ΪߵһҦĸԶκһ̵Ķࡣ
ܵģܵġ
ﾳأҦϣڷ̵·ϣһ֣㱣ͺ˻һ
ڶԿ˵սУһ׵׵ĳɹߡûʧ٣ͳ׵ĻİԽ
һ̣Ҧ춼ܹĿϲ顣
ӦԼӭսǣ
Ӧӣ
һкԼĲһ

ҦܹĶеĸ˼Ҧָо
ΪʤߣҦȴһҲ˲
ΪҦ֪һսУڶԸϺҵһսУѾѾһͿأĺ
ҪǣҦԸŲߣһΣ֪Լ
ӦӵģӦӵġҵ
Ҧʧһ㡣Ժд˷ȥȫǺйص顣
ڽ֮ǰѾԺϸϸ飬ֱûκε©Ųȡж
ϾҲ㵽Լڱ߷ϰһΡ
Ҧ˳֮򴫻鱨ϵӪػа̵ʱյ˳Ϣ
һϵĴӪأûκε춯
ЩսʮĸΪյϢŸƶԼжһɹ
Ҧû뵽ǣפصʱ򣬵ȴȴһյӪء
ΪϣȴĳʮԶĵطϹۣ
Ҧ쵱ʱˣ
Ը⻹ǲԸ⣬Щ˳ֵʱҦ춼֪ԼûκεѡֻܴӭϱĽɫ
һսһͿأ
ΪΡңӪҦϵҪһļƻ׵ʧˣﻹ֪εķŭ
˭
ҦԺд˷
ϣ
ܣͣԼͲҹĶ߻һϵ߽жǵ˭˭ֶ˸˭Ļ󣬿ļƻָϣܵĲ߻һУ
һɲҦ亹¡ڳô꣬һоǿҵĲ
ֻҪôһıȨ䲻ԼġˡĻ󣬰ңҦʳѰâڱ

Ҧ죬ʧˣ
Ҧ첻ͬʱ˿̣鼤˲ѡʱ˿̣ϵӪ֮ɱƼ𣬺òִ֡
ʹȥ
ⳡսȻҦģȴҦ߻Ҫ˷ܡ˶ΪϡҦͬΪ٣Ҧˣȴû֪ĸ
ûʲô̫츳Ҧڹ¥ʱϲ֪Ҧ뿪ǣķפضԸʱҲ֪
ⲢԽĳ쵽ҦĴӪΥԼķʱ֪
Ƶ۹ľκνֵʱ򣬶úˣ縺˵о
Υ߾ã
ԸԸ⣬ҦֵʱԺ֣ҦһԿˣ
ҦȷʵûʲôԹҲԶûֵܵزһУҦʵ̫ˣ
һֱѣһһ̣ͱҦˡ
Ҧ֣ǰӡֻҪϢؾĺ䶯о̲ס亹乡
֮ǰ˵Ҧǹڹ¥仰˵ݺԼʱšʱﻹа㻳ɡ
ô֪
һּף򱱷ʱļ˷ܹȥʱ˿̣Ժֻʣһͷ
Уʵ̫̫ɻˡ
ֻһʮСӣ棬棡ǿŮ飬кܶ飬ʵ̫Լʧˡ
ô벻ףһʮСӵô֪ҦݺԼģô֪ҦҪַʽԼ
Ҧɲͨˣ
ʵ޷ףһС֪صľµģǾһϷɻؾǣҵʸס
ҲӦյҵϢ˰ɡ
ͶˣԣԶްգбòǰѾһŻؾҲӦյ˰ɡ

ȸֵĶݱ
һڼල͵ͷؼš
ף
˫һƣոտţһףһӾסˡֻƽտĴһͻȻӰ
Щ˭Ҳû˵׷̧ͷ뿴˹
ף
󲮣
ùã
ø
ý㣡

ЩƽӰпһͻȻַǳĸо
̫ˣ̫ˡ
˸үүףٵʱûм￴ôˡǰûг֡
رǴ󲮣粻Ͽ顣
ѵҦүӵʥǶңʲôʣ
пֱʱͻȻǰһֻһͱһӰıס

Ҫоһף
㸸ʲô˵ˡӣڳˣˣǰˡ
绪ˮϵĵ䵽ǰôãǵһμô
ĿĸҸӹԶϵŷ⣬ּ쳣Ϥ
Ǹ׵ּ
һʯͷӹԺԼ뵽ʲôſ˫ֱۣסԼĸס
ף
Ϊʲôô˻ˡôʱ䣬ǱϢ
ĸ׵ķӦԼĿûа׷ѣһΣԼȰ档
һůůĸоУôŵһ


38 
ĸʲôԺ˵кҪѯʳҦң飬Ǳ
ͻȻһءϵУ̧ͷ룬λԺյĵطһʮΣ
ɫ࣬һ˿Ƕһַǳϣǳǵĸоһַǳʺϵ͢Ҫְˡ
ʵϣȷʵǡ
󲮣
Ժһͷ˾ԼĴ󲮵بǰһոմԽʱ첻µز£ΨԼô׵ĴبЩ¡
ЩˣΪŻᷢŭΪŭŻʹ˾¡һЩˣƺʹ˾µġ
ƺӹͲЦЦɭɲȿ޻Ҫ˿¡
Լλ󲮾ˣ
ԼλýգĳЩ˵ΪŴ˴󲮸ЩŸоô˼ɵ
Ȼ˵ˣǾͰ˵İǡ
绪ɿ֣ɫڨڨȻλ󲮸ҲЩɵ⽨ᣬΪبǳӣȻƣһ㲻绪ĴáøС壬˶ˡ
󲮸һ˵˶ֻýնֻ࣬ƤգգۣĴָ˸ơ
壬㡣㸸ڱͻȻӪʮҦİ㡣㸸˵Ĺͣġ㣬𣿡
Ĵ󲮸بɲǼ䣬Ĺùáøȫ˹
˶壬ȴĻش
ȻĸѾʲôˣ忴óԲġýգҲһ㲻ŵġ
Ͼоȣʵ̫ˡ
ң
ĬƬ̣ӭ˵Ŀ⣬ĵ˵ͷ
򵥵֣˶Уȴȫͬ˿壬Ŀ⸴ӲѡȻĸ׸һѾ˵
׶еõȷϣоǷǳ𺳡
㣬⵹ô£
Ĵ󲮸ɰ
壬ҲҪš󲮸Ҫ㣡
һԣĹù˪æ͵
ܻ֪ѾھȻ󲨡ҦҵĲصǰҦ˳㸸׵أҪҺҦұǰͣһֵļ󡣡
㸸ĻӪǰʮϴɣҲʹҦҦҴֲһ㸸׶˵װףⶼĹ͡ںҦҵҿǴİһǡ
壬ҵĴ󹦳
廹ֻǸʮСһ廹ûвԼبġĴ˪ƺ֪㣬صЦŻա
⣬˽ʵҲүү˼й޹̫š
úһ仰пһ͵Ĵ˾ԼûмǴүүķݣʱΪʥṩ߾ֹ֧֣ҴС¡
α߽飬Ȼע⡣߸׼ȷ˵Լע⡣
һӱУĿǰֻдʹүүע⡣ԼСܵүүӣ⻹ͷһΡ
ɿƳһԼĸףֻɫ죬ȻѾ֪顣
̫ˣ
͵սȭͷнѡǸջһ壬үүȻѸߣȴӵϵĵλ
еȨλӰ죬ȫүүĴ֮ڳϣүүӵо޴Ӱ졣
ԼĴ󲮺͸֮ڵĵλҲȫΪүүĹͣ
ҦҦ죬ǸϲҦүӣйΪ׹е֮Զôɵ뷽跨ҪɢҺؼҲΪԼλķݣײүү
Ļ
ϵǷţҿȿ𣿡
һָϰɫŷ
ȻⱾǼĸģ
˵˵ͷ
ȡŷ⣬ƳһۣŷϵǦѾˡȻݣ˶Ѿˡ
һҲ֡
ǵ͢ȨλߵλΧǣ֪ǣ˶ٳ͢س߹ؽ
ֳĵ֮һޱȣ縲
УһŪãҷеȨơƸλһ仯Ϊ
漰飬ǲģ⣬Ūףǲˡ
ţȡֽһɷ裬ưּм͸¶һɼеζ
Ǹ׵ּ
ϳ˸׵ıʼϰȥȫһǡ⣬׹ȻԼĻԼ˵ǰɳ鵽ҦĶȻǰʮ
ľûлʱ䡣ȻȴѯݡԸоԻ
ʣǰǰ̫벻׵ˡΪʲô֪ҦҪΪʲô֪ʲôʱʹ߹Ϊʲô֪֣ԼҦɱأǰʮ
һߵıֶǼܳ㣬Ǵܵӣչ¶˵츳ҲͰˡƫƫıһֱ˲ʡĵġ
֮ǰɳǿŮһ競ɳĵ顣
һ£һͻȻһϦ֮ôӢ䣬˭вɣ
̧ͷɨһۣ󲮸ý㡢áø˶һﲻڴԼ
һڼܵôӡԺУͷӶ彥侲ԺУͷ
һһֱһ峹ûΪֹ嶼ûܵκӡмԱУһİ
һ岢ʲôͨļ壬ܹᲢ۵Ҿûм
֪ܹõӣԼԺļƻжİһԴүү󲮡ùáС塢ס硢ø硢ý㡭еǹǼӴġ
ԼԷܶ޷ǵġ
ڴ֮ǰԼҪӮΣмԱϿɣļƻУıҵĵһѾɣҪĺģ¾õĻᣡ
ԼλķݵүүٻѯСֱ飬ȻǴ󲮡ùáøǣѯԼҲǡ
֪ԼλλȨصүүѯԼˡ
Ӱ̫ˣסСҦһΰ㣬ʹһӹһ١
ֱʵ̫ˣԼ͵ġ
ڲֹүү˶֪Լôģ
Ժ׵ҵ˵ùȥĽڣ˵ĳЩԽģĳԼҦҵıԼֻߣԼֻżȻҦҶԸҵļƻԸ˸ס
Щͳͳ˵ùȥһͺԼĿıˣ
ԼҪ뼷ĺģԼͱȫչֳԼķâԼ̵ӡ
󲮣֪㻹ǲǵò֮ǰܴǿŮ£
̧ͷмλߣĴب侲
ǵã
بޱ飬ȴͻһ£һ˿ĸо
һ壬ǳӣүеȨӰ켸̳Уڼӵϵĵλ¼ûвġ
˵塢ЩСұ˪绪ЩﶼЩ¡
ǰҲΣÿζǴҳηηģһΣѧҡࡱȻֱĿ⣬ûκεη塣
һ㣬Ĵ硢綼
Сӡ
بüͷ΢ƽĶۣ֮ǰϵ˵ǡƾǵҲָϣ
ʮа˾ŻϻԼĶӣΪүӵע⣬
ڣ٩٩̸侲ݵ̬بͻȻЩȷˡڹٳĥʮ꣬Ĳ»װĲǷֵóġ
ǰͼеӡȷʵǲһˡ


39 â¶
Թɫ֪ʲôƽĶۣ岢ϲ󲮣ʲô鶼ϲӣ˹
ԼĸǰԶһΪ߸ϡӵӣ
岻ϲҲ֪ϲԼԼĸĸ硢磬Сáˣ
ԣͲԶҪԼǰ֡
̬ȣʵûʲôͻûʲôޡ
ܶʱ򣬴ҵ涼ͨġ
εһױҦ찵㣬׻ᵹùְͬһȫᵹù
Դ󲮾ܲϲԼĸĸȻļǵĹˡʱ侮ʯ뾡һа취ڳϵӰ죬ס
ҵʵȻڻһЩҶͬѪݺ飬ҶҪ亦
ԣϲϲ󲮣ֻҪҪıҵˣҪı޵ˣҪ˵ԼĴ󲮣õ
Һʶʱ䲻̣һʱҶøԳ벻ȴң컯ǿŮȴ˵ҵָʹҪ͸ҡֱºҲ֪ܵҦָʹӽңݺҡ
˵һߡӣͬʱԺɿת˼˵ǣ
ҵһȥύѣ벻ȴֽ
ԭܾȻҦҹҦָʹģҵǲ֪飬Ҳֲȥ¥֡
˪˵ͷŮӣ޵ֻǰˣԼܵûǰôࡣ
ҦͻҦүӸ浽ʥȥģȴ֪滹Ļ
˵Щ˵Щʲô
ب޶Ե
˵Щ֪Ǹܵĵϸһƾ컯ǿŮͱ׽ؽˡ
Щû˵ѡ
بĵĲûܵݺҦݺģҲ⡣ֻһ㣬Ǿڹ¥֣Ҧ磬ұҦҵҦүӾ浽ʥȥˡ
ⳡͻУҵܵ𺦣
ģ
ؽ̣
ɢ֮ŭܵҵԭǲܵԩҪ
绪һţһΣ촽˶ȴֲ˵ʲô
鷢֮ҲԼǰ˶Ĵ󡣡
忴Ҳ⣬˵
ýգù˪˵ͷǶоı仯ȴֱ֪仯
˵ȻǱǽˡȻ˿ܼʱΪֵø˵顣
忴˵ͷ˵ȥ
ҦңȻǲġҾ͵͵ȥӽҪԸй֮ޡֻûǸʱһϢҦԼ˸ڹ¥棬ҪԸ֣丸׺
Ĵب˪ø֣ýնһ𣬾ĸҲһ𶯵ɫȻǵһ˵ࡱ
ҦܶԸ壬߲ȥҦ磬ȴҦҶԸҵľܣǽ͵ͨ
Ҧ棬ҲþˡҦҲһ㲻⡣
˵ķӦĵ˵ͷòףʾ֭Ľڡ
˵ԼǴĳһϹӵϢֻΪԼϹèӣԼûʲôϵ
ԼȥҦ籨ļƻֲһˡԼŬĽʲôϹèӡ
Ҧϼ޻Լ׼ԲġζҪƻǵμ档¥ɭϣ׽ȥѰ˼ҪȥףԾ뵽ܡ
˵žͰܵʵ˵һ顣ܵ˶֪ѺޱҪ
˵ͨˡ뵽ǸܣеԽ
ب˵ͷѵõıһѡ
ΧĹùáøýɫǹֵֹģĸϸϲԽ
Χب̣ЦЦ˵Ǳˡô꣬绪ǵһԼĶӡ
Ȼڹ¥ϵΪĻͬ
ùֵĸо
忴һԵýճԼۣипġʹ˻ϲһϲǹֵֹġ
ɷϣѪŨˮһѪܴӳõϣлǺܸ˵ġܿûʱȥˣٴδϵ
¥ҲͲˡ㼴ȻܴҦ¥£ҲˡǱأѵҲ𣿡
ҺҦʶ꣬ڳҲνԹֶΣ֪Ϊˡ¥ھ̫Ҧ죬־Ϲ¥ģżЩһ㲻֡
鲻һ֪ԽԽáҦΪˣֻĸδػ˵Ҧˡ֪ȥ㸸ףǰ㸸׺ʮ
Ҧ첻ʲôͨˣһبڳˣڶҪ˽⡣أء
˵Ҧ¥ǻпԭ˵ȥ߹ذ϶Ǿܡ
ʵϣبã۹·˷еϢĶĿ֮ǰҲûκһϢ
үھЩʾɣҲûκη紵ݶ
Ϣ֪Ǵ֪ġ
ˣ
Ժһ⣬֪Ҫʱˡ󲮡ùáøǻ֪Ҧʲôȴ˽Ϊˡ
ҦڱԸ׵飬ָ߾ãϢͨ˶֪ԼһԶھǣѧҡࡱȴ֪Ǻܶˣүүڶɻ󲻽顣
ԶڱĸףķݵүүǰĴ󲮣¶ǳġܲ˵ǣıԼǰеӡܵӣҪһˡ
ûǲµģ

µ
ĸ绪˰ýڶ¶Ծɫبһ˫ŨܵüëǺݺݵĶһ£һʶҵġࡱһ
ôµģ
ب͵Ҧļƻ˳Ծ
ҦŲߣ㸸ף濴ҺҦҵĳͻʵȴ֮ĳ֮Ĵ£ǹϵشء
¥ȻҺСƻˣҦô׾ͻġδҲ̫Сˡҵʱ֪϶ļı
ѾʧˣҦͲŪֶΡҪԸףֻھ⡣ĵطҦʩչıľֻһطǾǸ׵Ӫء
ϸоͼҦפغ͸׵פ̫ԶҵʱжϣҦҪԸףõĵط
һ䣬ǼһƬţš˶𾪵Ŀ壬˵
ⷭĴ硢磬ĳǼƳڵſ˵һ㶼֡
塪
̫ˣ
Ĵ󲮶˵ˡ


40 һˣ
úӣúӣĳˣˣ
ĸ绪־ϲĲͣᡣǸ˵ġÿҲ֪ԼӵıһĳԱ
ϥĸӣһŮоСġΪûٵĹ
ĸĸײӳĸ׵Ĳε㡣
ڣڶˣˡο͸˵顣
Ȼأ
بʵȴԶû֮ǰˡ
ȻոյǷ˼ӡ󣬴ıǸǽӡ
ϸо֮أɹҦĵطࡣԲӦ䣬ҦҪӪضֽǲܵġʣܵģҲ뵽ģֻкˡ
Ŀ򶨣٩٩˵ʱһּǵĸоϤﶼǳԾѡ
ǿ峤ģϼ̬
⺢ǳˡ
˪ĵ˵ͷҲǸ˲ѡǰһʱ䣬ڹ¥´ʱŭɶ⺢̫ûг
Ѿôˡ
˵ٲФӵкӶվһ죬ˡ
аˡ
Ȼ޳ȥˣֻǰˡǲܼ޵ķңҶ˹ͬ塣
СͻȻ֮չʾǱصĲŻ˵ֵø˲ˡ
ϸùҲ´ĻͲ˵ˡ¶ԵĻҦһڽ뿪ǣرʵ֤Ҳ¶ˣ
˵ǹˡ󲮸飬εѯҲġүүҲܽ
֪ҪмԱĳϣԶԶġ
Ǹı˴󲮡ùáø˶ԼӡҪǹֹ࿴ӴԺԼԼâ¶ǰչָ࣬ǿУ
󲮣ѾȻҦʧܣҦһû˽ǡû⣬ҦҦүӿºܿȥүүˡ

ʲôҦүӻȥүͣôܣ
һӵĻ¶֮ɫ
壬ڿЦɣҦүӿֻϺ꣬ݵλôܻүүͣǾ͵үүǰˣɵģ
ýյһѿʵһ䣬˶壬ΪʲôƶҦүӻ͡
Ҧȷʵ˸ԶԶ̸˽ǣҲֻûгɹҶѡ
ҾȻ˵ҦλĻλȨأһŰ˷𶯵ҦϺᵽԼүֱͣ˼飡
ǿɫֲǿЦ˶ڵĽ͡
٣ý㣬֪Ҧҽңǻ㲻ʲôҦүҲòԳǶҦүӿڲ֮ǰҸ浽ʥʱ
Ц
ˣ
һӹԺһͻȻ䶼Щ˼ˡ
ڣҦҪƽϢĻҵĲģǱµĲҦڱŪһ֣˶óʲôӢ䣬Ϊῴ𣿡
ڣҦϺԸҲվԸҲվѾɲҦݵλﲻֲΡϺûѡ񣡡
ߣȿɻɻϺҵģ
Ц
ɲ˵ո֪ҦǱʧܵʱ˼¡ҪƽϢʥʵĲŭɲҦģҦжֻһҦүһ㡣
ҦҲҪһӵٻˣĻҦүӸûѡ񡣶԰ݷүүүү;õķʽ
ҦҦүӻ˵ʲôǸĻķүүҪȥҪеʥʱ±ʾ̬ȡ
ɡ
ûĻҦλҦүӿ͵öˡ
Ц
ʼʱ˻һΪȻΪȫſڿӡԽȥԽһ˷
ҷǲһˣ
ù˪´壬һӣһʶ壺
ĻǰǾ˵ġǼĸܴİõˡ
Ǻǣ˪үӵѪȻһʱ;ôܲȥҵãڲӡǰֻ˼ŵȥˡ
ĹøǸӵӲŵʱͦıֱһǾĳ
ʵϣø־ǾˣǺĸϲͬڽְӲʵĺӣְԭһĬԣࡣ
͹ùáǲͬøִûʲôƫȮӣڵ壬ʵӡ
ǺǣøСӲܶ䣬ҪȻ׽
ô˵ţֿ˻
û˲ϲ˿ԼĺӴεıΪ֮ĿһϲĴ󲮶Աû֨
ӡ
˵үүؿǿɵøˡ
͵Ц
ԼүүҦҵλүӿͷҴǰһֱڣ˫˭Ҳ˭
ҦүΪ˶ܵүүǸͣүүǵֻɡ
ĴبûеͷҲûҡͷ
Ȼ˵ǲ²⣬بȴ֪¿ʮа˾Ż˵£Ҧһʱ뵽ľǵʸ
Ҧү𣬾û뵽硣
ֲүӻҵҦǱߣʮа˾뵽ˣ
بͻȻһƬ峺ٿ壬ȴǸӲѡ
ϹһŮϴ϶Ͳ˵ˣϢвҳӵĵλ
үӴȨӰʻٴ̯˵ʲô¡
һ棬ﴽݺϵˣһʲô¡
ͻȻչֳΪ֮ĿǰԤ֪Ҧıҿľˡ
Ϊ壬˲Խ࣬Խڣҵ׳Խһ˵Ǻ¡
һʱ֮䣬بҲ˵ζ
󲮣ҦȻһǣΪҦүӵүүͣҲɵġ
Թɫ֪بôġһ˦ˡһ֪ڤڤУһصĴƽټ١
ⳡƽ֮УҾκεҺˡ
Žһпõ󲮡ҪﵽĿģչԼûãҪı󲮵̬ȣԼøУ벻е⡣
ҦȻ䣬ȴĲĸԸҸо͵ʱʮа˾Ż˽¶Щֽš
б¶ţס󲮡øСǾҶֽŵġ˾˵ˡ˵ıְֵλ
ĿŴب
ˣ
Ĵبԭ̫ʦϣ̩ȻȻ仰һ𣬾񱻵һ°㣬Ȼһ˫۾壬ǲ˼ɫ
ڳʮֻ꣬һ㣬˵ʲô˼һɲǼ䣬ĺ󱳲亹ˡ
˶˽ˣΪ˶ԿھӰ죬ľͰѳ͵͵ļ˳֮͢С
ϣԼүӵӰ죬ѳߵλá£˭ҲûѾűȥˡ
Ҧ϶ֽţһţǾˣ
뵽بҲסˣ


41 Ҧү
ҪƽƣԼ֣İȷˡˣ»ҹζడңо;ϵԶȾǿöࡣϣ󲮶࿼ǿǡ

ǰʱҦΪ˶ԸңǼ濪ĸס󲮡øС壬ø룬ԼĴǶԸ֮С
أҦ²֡Ͳһ
ļУһǴ󲮲֮볯͢Ҧץᡣ
ҦñĵԼ£Ȼʹ˸ַȻûãϾͳ˲ӣΪҦҹҵİա
ֻǵʱ󲮡ȫˡѱòϣҦҲŲ֮
һͬҦڱ˸סǶҪԸңض涯ֽš
ǧ֮ѨҦҴСֻץסĻᣬһ뾡취⵹ҡ
ߴبҲΪ󲮿ܶԼһӲȤԲܶԼĶӵ˲Ȥ
⼴һ飬ͬҲΪ˸ıԼҴжԼĸйۡ
飬šҦǱߣͲضܡ飬һʵүӵġ
ب˰ֵϵɫࡣ
䣡
ڴ󲮿ڵɲǣһеκУͻȻԺ
ѣɹı˵ˣüԱͬɹóƺš˵ߡ
һζţΪǻþȴŵò
ô£
Ȼһɫ˲١
ͻⷿκ˵ֱԺʵϣֹˡ
ǵáһʱ򣬾Ȼǲݣȴǵ
û뵽Ȼʱٴ
û°ɣ
ĸ׵һע⵽
û£
æҡҡͷȻ֪£Կ϶һʲô鷢ˣǷǳҪ顣
ĸ˵ͷΪ˷ܵġ
գ߰ɣ
Զب˻֣Ҳû⣬ߣﻹų£һ̶ˡ
ʵϣԼûע⵽״ע⵽ˣҲΪǸ˵ġ
壬ġöĿ࿴ʱ䣬ǵõ
ýͷҲˡ
ӣıˡˡʱ䣬ǵõ
˪Ҳվ
ˡʱҲǵôӵ￴
֣㣡
绪ͣЦ춼Ҫϲ£ˡȫĹע㣬עȫڸոǸеģ޸ϡ
ȵĸһ뿪弸ǳһ뿪˴Լķ䣡

߰ɣþûж뿪ˣķݴôãҲóȥˣ
Ĵب˪߳ҵʱķݶߵԺһ԰ףĿ⾫ͷȣһ̾ϢţĴվ
߿˿ߣǵλվʱȴһɳˮϢɢ
ߵķݣͬµĴأ·˽²˵еΰ
ˣ
վΧеĽū͡Ůȫͷͷ­ʹһηɫ
Сĳеľһʵϣޣ뻨ףݵˣȨƵ֮һ
˾ҦҵĶҦҦүӣ
үҪȥ𣿡
һϣʮԱߴԱߣһʮ꣬ͷüɲ⡢Σյ߹վţ̬ǳ
ϱ˸飬ܶסģ
Ҧү˵̲ס̾Ϣ
أи
һ䣬һƬĬѹֵĿ¡
үصĴҦڱ˸Ϣ˳һɱǡҦҶЦ
ķݵĶߣĳĬ˭Ҳ˵˽£Ҷ˵ֱǱߵ˸ָ㡣
ˡȹүҪѸıƶϣŲߵĹүŪڹ֮䡣
˵¥ǻ£˼Ƶġ
ֻǵΪֹ˭Ҳ֪ұǸָġˡ˭һŹϣûһóȨıġ
ֻǸبһ㣬Ҳڳãھϸһϲͨ㣬Ǻ͹үԶˡ
ҵõһֱ绢Ҧңʲô£
ҦҦүҲüʮˣ飬үҲûʲôͷ
үȻȲҲļ洫ԵôݣŪڹ֮䣬еͼȫԷաǰûйǵ˲ȴȫ鲻ֵ˿
үεĶֿɲһ㰡һð
ҦʮüˣλҦĿУȴȻǸӡ
߲ƣ߲зѹлɣ˵ҵʱ䲻Ҫҵˡ
ҦҦүӱ۾Ĭõ
ҦҲǰľүӼʮ꣬ǵһĵĿүڶǰȡơ
ȻүӶе֡
үǱ߿ɲýˡ﷢飬һٶʧܣǻðɡʱ䣬ѾʮˣҪٶӻΪٻɲʲô°
Ҧǵ
ù첻صˣǱԻȥ֮ǰһҪȥߣҵλ϶֣
ҦҦүӻؼӹһĨѩޱȵľâ

⻰ҦȻһ𾪵ĿҦүӡȻҦү⻰ѹû뵽ġ
ҵλүӴʱ򶷵ϣ⼸Ȼеλʥʱٽķݣڶӣ
ڣүӾȻҪȥλסĵطЩãȻʧ룬֪˵ʲôˡ
˵ˡ׼öھȥɡ
ҦҦүӿԼˣ̾Ϣһ֪书Ȼ츳ߣϼһϲͨ
Ҧڱܣ˿ЦڣѾ벻ʲôʱ򣬶Ҧܲеλ⡣
ᣬǵʱȻòߵǸͷӵͷڣΪƣΪܹҦҸ೤ɲͷˡ
飡
ҦҦүŹȣܿ߳˴š

ͬʱһط
ó
ҳĴبûзסͣ㣬ļǵĸ˱š
ĶبǳõĶƷԱӵȫĹԱ赲
ֵĹԱһܿӺҳبҪǾᡣ
ب˵ӹᣬܿҵ˳֡Ǻܿ죬ϵһȦȦبпһһֲĸо
⼸ңЩ˲᣿
ب
ϵһȦȦ˷Ĺֻע鿴Ľᣬȴ˳ڱͬӵйϽȨ
ʱ䣬ŴˡˡˡҦ˶֮ǰҦ˳µ˵ǰѱĽύ֪ΪʲôǰͻȻִϢ˵һţ˵ȹһʱٽ
ৣ
⻰Ĵبɫһףһֳӣվһͷ亹
У
Ĵبĵһö˵һ¡ĸоС
ΪΪ֪ĵļڽ˭ҲûиߡΪԵȵʱĵİһû뵽ҦǱľעˡ
ѣԼѾ̫֣Լ׶͵Ҧǵˡ
بȻ£ȴҲ֪Ҧñ͵ʮа˾žѳǵפء
ͻᣬҦҸӵϼ޻׾Ҹڣϴһȱڣҡ
ķչǵʱԼҲˡ
Ϊ㺦㣡
بнҲѣ弰ʱѣҪ´ˡ
ԱϽӹһ֧ʣب㣬ܿڱϻȥ֡


42 ֮ʯ
ķеĴţҲε˨ˡһһ
硱룡
һ룬һ룬ոʲôţˣˡ
۾һڴϣŬ֮ǰڴ˫ַϥϣʶĦš
ǰɳͳǧ嶼ûиоš
һΣȴоһЩš
ˣ˵ߣ˵ߣ
ˣԺӹ˵ߡ⼸֣Ҷ˴ĳȴŵԿһԺ֮仯
һܵϢӿУٴ֮ǰǸеģκθֻһΣݱ֮ǰֶ˺ࣺܶ
ѣɹı˵ˣüԱͬɹóƺš˵ߡ
˵ߣ˱֯ϣÿ˶һֻСϣԽԽݣ
ƺţ˵ߣʮ㣡

ֻӰǰӶ֣Ӹĸǰϴֹ¥ٵȰ˵סе֣ȫһһ֣һԹߵһԼȥһʱеΪ
У
һĻĻ嵹һĲ²ûдϷˡ
ֵʲô˵ߡԲʲô󡣹ֲо˺ֲܶ࣬ʱ˺ֲܶ࣬մ嵤ʱҲƽ࡭
һɲǣȫˡĸоûдĳδ֪ϲˣ
ôˣΪʲôһֱûио
Ժд˷˴ʱһϲĴ󲮸Ͽʱ֡
ԣصʵҲҪ𣿡
ڴرߣһ
췢飬ĳ̫ˡú룬ϵ鵽ô¡
ѡָϣҾͳǡ˵ߡô£Ϊһ£ҸıԼͼˣԲųֵ𣿡
ͷԺͷ仰Ϣ̫ˣֻԼŬЩ﷢
ңֵܲô£һֱһԼת
ǰʱûг֡
һжǷԼ֮
ԣһжΪǿ𣿡
ڤڤУǿǡϱӱʱ󿴵ľҲһֱ޷͸ܡ
ˣ
ԺתͷǰһڣͻȻԼǰһƬ޾ա
ڰޱ޼ʣƬڰ룬һâ֣漴ǰٱΪһɽ貹â
ǿǣ
һ˳
貵ĹâǱģ֮ǰ󿴵ǿ貵ǳͬʱҲһʱգһգġԪס
ŻǰԻ͵ǳ˵ĸо
ôãû뵽Լ£һٴμ
һУȻǺйذ
㱣иޱȡǿ˵֮Ķĵһǿд硣
ͬģҲͬԼһԼлȥı䡢ֲԼ´󣬻Щź
һ㣬ֶޱȵĸм
֮һüţͬʱɢصң㵽ΪֹҲ֪Ҳ֪ǵʲôΪʲôԼΪʲôӵ˲˼ܹıʱգԼ
ЩͷոմһԺоһ
֮ʯ
ˣһʯ׹Уǰٴγ˱仯ƬޱߵĺڰУɽСǳͻȻԽԽСеĹâҲȫڣ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Уǿ貵Ǿʧˡȡ֮ģһȭͷ󣬿ʵ޻ȴɢǿʱղرʯƮǰ
ûκεԵɣ֪űʯǡ֮ʯ
˲κ˵ƿأ
ԺгһܵϢǿš֮ʯԱߣֳһϤӰ
˳ˣԼ
ֻܵˣܳΪ֮ӣȻΪ֮ȴһֵĽΪԶ֪ḶʲôĴۣ
ǻеģ޸˵Ȼֹ漴ﾲĵģһûС
ڷУֱôҲƽǶ̶̵һϢǾ޴ĳ
Ǽ̵һλоǿҵΣ
֮ӡҾ֮𣿱֮ʯУǳΪ֮ӣǴô£Ϊʲô˵Զ֪ḶʲôĴۡ
һ̣ǿҵĲ
δ֪˲ġ
һֱΪϲǶԼĺ񰮡ͻȻֺܲõĸо֮ʯԼô
ڴϣԺзȥ˼Ǿ仰ϸϸ˼ϣܹзһЩ˿켣ȡϢ
һΣ岢ûܹõʲôϢ
ˣʲôã
һͻȻΣѾ˺Ǹ˵ص֮ʯͨķʽ
ǾֻҪʶȷ⣬ôǿص֮ʯһлӦ
ˣ
һ䣬Ժ֮йȻµı仯һȫµϢӿԺǻееҲڷ˲ͬ
һʯ֮ӾվھʯǰϡκͼΥȻ͸ı˵ľٶܵƴȫ谭ͳͷΨлȡ˵ܵĳͷ֮ӴڵĻ
Įеˣ𶯣ǰһ䣬ԭվķͻȻʧеҰڶʱ֮չ
û¥ûоǡʹͬеɽ͡ȫʧȡ֮ģϸСİɫ˿˷Х·Ĵһ㣬Ĳ롣
ЩĴļ˿УоһŨŨų͵⣬ͷ·Щһ
ͼ˿ϵҪʳƬ
ˣ
һĻͷƤ飬ɫˡһֱΪԼܵϲԵʹصʮꡣ
ȻľͽһС
ڿȫˡ
ȻûĮе˵Ҳ֪Щ飬ĴһͰɫ˿֮ʯᵽġ֮
Щ飬ڵ֮峹ˡ
ûд۵ġǸ˵ģһΥȻɵġһѾȶͼȥıһеʱ򣬾ζڶԿ硣
֮ʯ˵ġܵƴȫ谭ͳͷ


43 ֽ
ԺЩͷٴǸеģ޸
֮Ψ˵˲Żܵ˵УѾ֮ʯҲֻܰһΨռ㹻ܰӳͬʱԿʹ
ǰӰͻȻ֮ͿԼ꣬һ֧꣬·ǧƬƴһ
ЩƬƬ֮䣬һЩЩ·˿һ㣬Լƴһ𣬲ҳֳϵơ
ԭ
ӰһƬɬͻȻ֮ȷԼһˡЩ֧Ƭõ֤
ֲ˵Լֻһ
棺һѵһµʣ졣
棺˺ֱ꣬ΪֹɹֿÿɹֿһΣǿһ֣ͬʱСӳ
棺һεҪĶʮǰӵеʮ㣡

һܵľԺ𣬶ǻеġ޸һȫµϢӿԺ
ԺеЩϢڴرߣĳ˼
תʱգԼô򵥡
ǿصġ֮ʯȻӵǿģ˼ʱ֮תʱҲķ
µһУֻܿԼˡ
ңҪıһˣԶļѡ˵Լһߣġˡ
ˣеЩˡԼ»Ҫԡ硱ˡɹʣ
ЩϢһֱͼһάġ
·ϣԼû·
Ҳ֮ʯ˵Ĵۣ
ң֮ʯҲָһÿһ˵ͷԼǿһ֡
ߵȵԼ㹻ǿ֮󣬾ܹ׵
ԼΨһϣ
Ȼ֪ʲôӣֻҪʮֿܵĻѾˡֻǲ֪ʣµʮЩʲô
ˣԺתͷǰٴη仯
ޱߵĺڰУǿ֮ʯͻȻʧǰš
ġ塢ƣ
ڿŵͬʱͻȻ̾ǵĺ塣
ѧڣơŴѧеҪء
ġš
塱š֮
ؼ޴ڵġԪ
Źġʽ
ơšơơơ

֮;ҪǿмǿǣԪµĹԼصƣ
ʱͬȥӢ۲ɡһ㣬ǰ̲ˡ
ãʵҲѧйŹâľֲͬĽ
ͻȻһƬȻ
Źâ֮У߼ġơȫǻҰ״̬Ȼڷӡ״̬
ֻдšġ͡塱Źâ״̬
Ŀǰôֻ֮ڵҪġһֳһͶ뵽˵ڶŹâ֮С
ˣ
һ̣âƺƣǰһȻͬĻ棺
˶һǡ
˶һѪı츳ӡ״̬

ѪȻֶ
忴ŵڶУдΪ죬һ㣬ԥĵ㿪ˡǡһ
ǣһء
ʮ㡿

ˣ
Ц
ȻѡҪﵽ۷ԲܷЧתΪǡ
ɹ֮ǰڸǷ滹㣬͵ıǶûдﵽ
ܹ֮ʯеõӵбǣһؾ磬ԼҲкܴİʡԼϵʱ䡣
ĿǰԼ˵õģҲаġ
ˣ
ָһ㣬ѡ˶һһ̣һâ漴һů·ˮһ϶һӿڡ
۾ЩȪ͸⣬Ѫ͸֮С꣬һžӹĹͺע˷ڵˮһ㣬ڶ̶ʱѸٵıǿ
ӴȻʱ䣬ֱӸıߵĽǣ
ſ˫ۣоʹ֮ǰȣԼһء
˵ȻʹԼʱ䣬ֱӴﵽǡľ磬ֱ˼飡
ЩȪע룬ȵһȪʧʱȻԼľȻθһ㣬ҲﵽĽװĵز
۸ǵǿӲȣǺЩԪŽףǵľûκεĲ
ȻûͻƵԪףǵԪ׵ҲĶ֡
ʣ㣬ʲôҲһˡ
ʵθһ㣬ãʣµҲɲʲôʱˡ
ʮ廹ҪӦ֪ʲôʽġͷ
ţսף˵ߣ
ڶһꡰǡ֮ͻȻֵڶŹâгµı仯һ͹ȴֲʧĻɫսӰҰ֮С
ڿһɲǣ֪֣˵ߡ
һ׳ƺսף
80ɲģ
һսĸ߶Ҳֻܰҡͷֻ5ĸ࣬ס˵ߡԶ
ӡࡱĽ˳һ֮ʯԱߣ޾ڰеĵһš
ġšνΪ£ΪϡġǿߵǣߵȴѧҪġ
֮Уĵ״̬⣬ڰӡ״̬
ֳһͶС漴ӡĹ֮У忴˼벻֣
ʹУ
ֻް޹⣬֮⣬Ϣˡ
ˡ
֣Ĭ˺ܾãȻ˳Ժ
һ֮ڴߣ˫ֻֽŶͷһ侲ĬĬ˼
֮ʯĳһʷϲ飬̫̫飬Ҫúÿˡ
֮ʯʲôĴʲôĿģԼʲôô
Ǹеġ޸ҲоǳĹ죬չʾԼķʽҲǳĹŹ֣ⲻӦóֵĶһʱգһԴͷġ˹ܡ
ֻܰ²⣬ΪԼһȻͬʱգ֮ʯŻѡԼȽϤķʽԼ
ǲʲôԭмԿ϶
һκΥȻɵ˶Ҫ谭ġ¶ԼкܴķգҲкô
Լǵ˵⡣
ڶҪ֮ųԼͱôֻܹܹıˣá
һȻ֮ʯûᵽҲƶϵõԼĸıԽ󣬽Լܵų¾ͻԽ
֮Լø
ڣسأһֻ꣬꣬ҪܹеԸıˣһУҶں
һ߬ȭͷ׵İ


44 ·
٣粻˳١һ˹ڷлھ֮ʯʱյýϢ
ⷽ棬󲮣ϢɱԼˡ
Ĳˣ
ҦҦүķӣүүķ齵סʱڽϣ
Ҧʽͽ⡣
Լѣبʱ򣬰ּӽ̸еҪҦϣߪĹְ
ϣҦүûѡ񣬵ʹӦˡ̸еˡ
ҦͣѵõĻᡣүүʹȻٲҪϼһЩ󣬹ҦһƤ
飬ýվ̾ѡм䶼Ƕ徴壬Ĳ˼顣
ϼһӦÿ찡
ߡ㡱ūͣипѡ
ҦҦүӰݷõʱԤƵҪϺֻܶ࣬;ϣԶԶһܱǵġ
ҦҦүӺԼүүôãϵͷ˵Ϊ˶ȴûκγɡ
ǡǡҲҦҿµĵط
ֻҪλҦүӻڣҦҾͼǲսʤģû˿ԴݻٵҦң
ЩҪĵġ
Կ϶һԼѾ׸ıеӡ嵽ڻܼǵùù뿪ʱǾԼĸײƳԼʱϲԽ
ϣҲ͸¶ŨҵϲͲšһֱԼĳɼѸıҲԼӡ
ǾҦ飬ӦѾ׸ı˸׶ԼĿ
Ǳߡ
Ƴһϵŷ⣬ýﲻͣ׷ʣԼǷм¶Ĳ˼Ѿ˵ˡ
ȻĻ˵ǺʣԼѾɹ˵ˣ
ھͲһˣ
΢΢һЦ˵³˫κǱѾϢˣȸǱӦм͸ˡ
ֻҪǱһãԼͿǮˣ

һãӷ˳ȥҹɫڣһ¸¹£Ļ£ǵ㣬һյյ
̨̤߹ȥһ·˫η𾴵Ŀ⡣ǰȣеĻū͡ŮԼʱǰѾȫͬ
һϵ飬ֹıҵˣҲͬʱıڸеĵλ
ˣ
ߵϤĽ䣬ӣ̤ʼϤġܲ׾²ͣҲܷϣʱоԼˡ

ھǼͣ˵ҦҦүȥķݵġ̩԰ݼŹҦԺ͵飬ھֵ÷з
Ҧ꣬⻹ǵһҸǹҦҡ
ҦڱʧΪת۵㣬ǽͷβ̸ۡҦ㣬Ųߣȴ˵˦
ܶ˶˵ҵġŹһλǼƲҦظָ㡣ڣ˽˶ڲ²λġظˡ˭
Ҳ֣ΪͷβȨҿпڿഫġˡȴšƽһ˿ִֵԼķƴơ
ƻѾҪٽβˡ
壬˵Ǹʲôȸˣ
ҶκһңĽߣ˸߲ңЦǱ׼彣˫УֱĽָңڵĽһֺʵĸо
ˣ壬ΪʲôҪڽһ߰Ľû߰ɣ
κͻȻԴŽߺۣһ
ѪۣרΪɱ˶ƵġʱѪˮ˳ѪʱڣöԷʧȥѪ
Ц

κһ㽣ˣ
Ѫۣɱˣ壬⽣װ
ЦȸνĴʿ䵶ɱ˵ʵϣеɱ˵֮ΪĿĶڵġ
岻ƲƣȲƱС绹ױԶһ㡣
Ұɣ
κӹȸֽ˵࣬һĵȣȸֵĵҪϺܶ࣬Լжʮء
ˣҪʱһѶʮصǺѵġ
һȸڳ¯ˣ
ţһӣһ۴ӿұϵһʯͷһӦֿʯĵ
ţ÷ɲһ㰡
κԴһһȸֽ¯ûԹ֪Ȼô
֪ʯӲȣκѡΪΪʯ㹻ܡ̣ʺɴ
𿴿ռ䲻Ǻܴ󣬵ھʱ򣬿ǻǲʱ䡣ʦԹúܷĵȷȥֻܿһм
ѽߣȻֻһͰ͹ʯɻˡ
ڽǰƷȼģ֮󣬾Ͳ̶ȡ
嵭
κҲǰզ࣬˵Щһ˵ģʲôʲô֮ģߵʦ
治֪ѧôණ
˵ʵ壬ЩҪĿɲСĿƾЩôߵļǮ㻨ô˼棬ҵ׷Ѱ
κһĵ
Ƿ˾ƽ޿£֮⣬û֪£һֱġ
ٺ٣ġʱˡ
嵭ΪȻӼȸĽĴ˷ȴԼýա
ȸκ𩣬ԼЩκѾϵˡֵԼýճˡ

Сӣ㵷Щʲô
ʩ¥̵̺أýһչ塣
һְֻЩȸĽߣָתķɿ죬һ̴ֱֻаָһϺѣһŵƣŽϸȥ
ʹҲòϣԼλýȷʵа˵ıǮԵľų󲿷νῡܡţ۾ֹ浾ţн֦ҶĹҲͲѡ
ھﻹûԲĵط
㣬ǰʱǴӦҵġɲ˰ɣ
ٺЦȻڴ󲮡ùáøǰ˰ǰ㶼Լλý
λǷүԼĺӣû֮ǰǹԹԵļβˡ
ߣǰʱıϣæҵǿ԰㡣ǲǻʲô˵ˣ
˵ţŤͷĿһۡ
飿
һԻ󲻽⣬е㷴Ӧʲô飿
ߣ㻹ǰװ𣿡
һЩˣ
Ҫ𣿰ô£
ৣ
·һͷϣһɲ亹ˡ
ˣ
ôʲô֪ѵһʮʱ졢ʱʱԼǼ飬ԼΪƭˣԭ֪ˣֻװ֪û˵ѡ
һɲǣ˵ĸо·ýǰǸ͸һԼʲôҲ


45 ʱĴ
ߣӣ
պһϲɫȴ΢΢͸һ˿ССĵ⣺
ҪҴԹǧǧãõϢ㲻ΪùҰɣ
㣬ĸҰ
æʾ
ʮӣҲƭ
֪ԼýΪʲôôͨ󣬼ֱûġƫƫͱԼ󣬼ý㣬ִ򲻹
ǺúǰϽϴ
֪ͺã
һס飬̿Сӣ͵ʱʱΡ
飬ұҪĸ׵ġϴεı֣¾ˡڼﲻȱԲȱôǮʲôƽɲǸСĿҶûôǮ

һ͵̧ͷһƬȻһǧ߰ѵý㲻֪
һ˾ˣȻ֪ô£Ǻԣý֪Ҳడ
ԹǾˣûбҪұܰɣΪʲôҪ˵Ƕѵհأ
еعζˡڰǮ飬Ѿȥܾãȴû̫Ϣ
ý飬ʮа˾Żײˣ
ָоհǰƺԼ²ΪԼ룬ſ»Ϊ˽ԸԼ
ϾʱԽãԼǷǵϢɾԽˣ
Сӻǲġ
аԼӵܣľҪĵ
հصȷһߣ˵֮ǰԼλ裬ͨý㡣
ٺ٣ý㣬ҲǽǮɣ׬۶ѡҪ㲻ϲʱҰǶƽ𻹸Ǿˡ
ЦӭȥֺõİýհĦֱۡ
СӣϽȥԹǮҲǺý𣿡
ĿƣЦһ
ҷ
ˣ㣬һø׼һС
Ͻֺõ
Լλ㡱ʵ̫ͨˣоûʲôȫù˸о亹ѡ
Ͻ¸¸ҪȻԺ󻹲֪Ҫʲô۶ӣ
Ŷ
մӴһ˾һ죬ʲô
ӣһͣϽȡһ׼õĺڲеС
ʲô
һò˵Сľȡ
нëУֲڣֻۣҪôһУܼг󸾡Сϲ־Ľë
Ц
Լλýζͱ˲һϲʲôƽϣЩֵֹŮõĶ
ϴεָˣεĽëˡ
һĶֺٺòˡ
Ҳǰŵġ¡ýճڶǶĶֻҪóһûСͻϲĲˡ
Լ׳ġýվЩ԰һ󣬵óʱ䡣ģͲԼ鷳Ҳ͸ſˡ
æڸϢ
ȻĽëУͭڽëϼ˼УȻĵĲˡ
Сӣˡڶϣðɣ
ϲЦտȻǼ£һ߲ͣ˦֣ʼˡ
ˣа¾үүٳɱֶû㣬Ǵ£һܼүүһΣʱúñ֣ɱ˵˻
սס壬һѵ
֪ˣ
˸ȸֽתȥ

ýǱߵĽȱĻҪĶࡣԼ֮õıĵȸֽ
ó
˫һԸоЩ˲١
ϸֻ꣬߳Ľϣһ·ͬһסڵĽ£һ΢Ĺâת
ǰȣЩȸƺû̫ı仯ȴоЩȸ˵ĸоԱˡ
ˣ
һ죬סɲǼ䣬һǿˢ죬һˮ齻ڵĸоӿоѽƺԼһ֡
ǿ
̶Ϣ֮䣬ԸоϢƾհθһأԪĽףﵽԪ׵ľ硣
Щֻһ֮䷢ġ
Щʦǿ£
е̾ѣͬʱҲΪ֮η
֮УܹΪʦˣͳͳǼĸ֡ҦˣȻųƾǰ˿ǺЩʦȣǲúԶ
Ҳý㳤裬ͨʶܶĹҵСеĹ顣
壬ҪҶѾȫˡĶȫԷʹá⣬ſлأѾʱϽκ˿
һӺ洫κֵĴӺ˹˸ĵơ
šлˡ
˵ͷع
ɣھʣһˡ
ҿšȵճʱһоͻˡ
κС˸ƣȻһ˵һÿҶڵĺɫһ˽ȥ
޴Ҷյģûһˡ
κѾǰˣ÷ר¡
κһǴ𣬲ȸֵĴ岻κڳֲָĵĴͬκθֲģԺͬ´ʳảͿʯش룡
ҶеĻ涼ϨҪġȴжѻ֦һȫҡ
岢ûмŴ𣬶ڱĵϣĬĬĵȴճмʱֻҪճ֮ǰⰵɲǣȸִѵʱ
ں͵Ĺ̲ͬʱ̵ģͬʱҲҪġ
Сã˵絽ʲôһѣбҪŪôǶýȥҽصʹЩʦˣ˵һܼ򵥣ˣˮһ¾ˡôôŪôӣ
һOO@@洫˳κ
岻Ц
κɻҲǴʱ󲿷ֵʦ뷨ʱǶԴʶͣڡʱڽм罵£ܹʹõƷһ̶ȵֵز
ʵϣ󲿷ʦڵͺúֱӲˮеЩôӵģֱӾʡˣΪֻҪ̣Լˡ
ô֣£ѴΪһҪĻ
ʱ״ãٻҪʱ䣡
Ժһ⣬ҡҡͷ
ڵϣӵԶԶʱ֪ʶҪܶ˶֪
Ǻ֪컷УǡǡҪģԶԶκһڡ
ܹӸĸԡӲȡĥԡƣǿȡԺͿʴԣ죬Ҳһڡ
ͬӵвͬĴ𷽷
Щ޲ӵԼĴ
ϧΪ֪Ĵڴ󲿷ʦڴʶͣڡˮ㡱͵ȵķϡⲻ֪ʹˮ㷨ֱӲˮ֮лԵкеĸ̿ɷɺܴƻ
ĵȻãƷҲˣ¼ϣڲͲϸСѺۣĵʹò˶á
ЩֱӾͶѡ
ڴĹУ֮ԳôѿġϿĵƷдƷԭ
ֻϧܶʦ㿴ˣˣҲ⡣ֻΪǸֲĵ⣬Լַ⡣
һ㣬ֹǶ׼ȷٵڴʳʦҲˡ
ƿصĴ𷽷£Ŀǰûƿأ


46 ϵһȸ
ȸֲֲͬģǾԲáˮ㷨ĸֲľͳ׵Ļˡ
Ϳʯƻϵشκˡ
ʱȥҶҲСһ˶ҶУƽޱȡ
ҹ޵ΪǰǲġԴӱ鷢һ˶嶼ǹĿ࿴
ĸҲǰϿĹˡ
ˣ
ͻȻоʲô۾ĿбһĨҫ۵ľâоóҪճ
վѸٵ߹κѼ֦ΧһȦͣʯһ죬ҶкܿȼһܵĻ档
֦ճͨľ̿ڵѻ֮ȡİƷȸֽ̨ǯӣǯӼŽȻͨľ֮̿С
Լһ֮󣬽ģľ̿ȸֽͨ죬ҿʼ档
嶢ǷĻ棬ɫĿרעޱȡ
ȸֵĴУĻеҪһ
֮ѡճʱ֣ΪʱȸַĻɫǴжݡ
ͬķɫʵϾǴŲͬ¶ȡ
̫̫Ӱ۲쵽ȸַɫ󣬽ӰЧڲͬ¶´Чȫͬ
һ϶ȵ²ҲʽȻͬ
¶ǲɲģԻɫҪжݡ
ˣ
ľ̿УȸֽĻɫʼֳݮһ޺죬һԥļȸ֣Ѹתһѽ뵽װƺɫҺС
׼ˡ
ͨȸֽҺУɼȶ䣬޴²仯ʹõ̵ѸŨܵĺ̡
ܲϴȸ־Ϳһˣ
嶤ۣнޱȡ
Ϳʯļƻ̸У죬ģѾߵһˡȻ˵ʵҲûаա
еҺͨˮ֥͡͡ţͣԼ˴Һ϶ɵĴҺ
ȸĹؼ
ǰ޲ûеõһЩȸ֣֮Ժʹʿ´ʳԶֹǷ̶ȣҲǳªޱȣΪûմ𷽷
Щ˻ɣЩȸͲǺͿʯֻǴȸֻӵķðƷѣ
ʵϣûйȸ֣ûաʹ𷨡
ϴȸֱȻƣмϾݴ˵ޱ̸ȸҲǱһıһѣԶԶ㲻
ǰһ´ʳ֮ԿȫȸֹӦǡʹ𷨡һǵóѡ
̣
ɢеȸֽȴǯӼȸ֣׵Ĵ˳
ˮĽ
ȸֳˮɲǣһƬҫ۵ҺбͬԾֺҫ
ĹâҶһɫ
ɹˣ
ǰɫ弤쳣ˮĻƣ쳣һȥмϣľݻƣһַ·㣬ᡢɱ¾ȴּȻĸо
ϵһȸ޵ˣ
Դ˵һ֮
һɲǣмޱȡ

һҶĶκСüҴҵĳ˽
Уʲô
κŵĻ͵ĵһ
κûмĽͬˮһصȻƣȴӰ콣̶ȡ
˵ȴĽУĺܸ˵һκֻǿһۣҲƲĿˡ
ÿµı
κ
֮ңСʶ㣬ҲûмΪɱ¾µ˼£ͬʱݻ˼¡
κֻǿһۣñһˣ
ĺƯ
һ۵ԱߴסԶֹκһˡСվһԣͷţͬ˻һ
ͻȻâһȴ彫ոճ¯ȸֽľƵĽУֳһڲֽȸֽ
κ𩣬ס
һףȸֽ˹ȥκ˫һ죬ʶĽסڻűɴͽסĽȻʧ
壬⵽ʲô
κٴ׷ʵ
Ҹ˵ȸֽ
嵭κķӦһ㲻֣ʵϣĻǽûпȸֽĿɱ
ȸսϵĿɱͲ㷴Ӧˡ
뵱ȸɾ䱸һγսϵʱܵ𶯵ֺֹһȺȺˣ
κᵽͿʯƻʱκķӦǳ𾪣ΪˡЩʯֵЩǮ
ڣκ뷨Ӧɶˡ
κ𩣬ĵһǿͿˡҪ˿ˡһƻѾɣȸ˵ģľͽˣ

š
κع˵ͷ
ÿӣȥһȸѾ¯һвŸոտʼ
һѾȥˣµ֮ǰＯƽⷭȻǰ׷ϡ
°ֵֽıдţȻǵԼɮġڷҲġ˹֮ࡱ
ɮҲż˰ɣ
ЦЦ˳ȥ

岻֪ɫ鱦ɮԶĻҪż
ӷ𣡡
еƺʮţ濴ƽʵϣüͷ
ȣ˵λӸòʳ˰ɣ
м˺ܾãڻ̲סʵ
ѾôˣǱΪʲôûж
ʮȥˣ˶ôˣӦòں졣ǲ֪ΪʲôȴĲ
ʱ䲻ˣļԽˣѾܶˡڼ죬˻յ˴ţߴ˷
⣬Ѿµĵ߷ˣ
ٸʱɡûжǾֻзմ˵ģѺͿʯȫʳˡ
̾
Լɣ˿ûʲôʵÿ춼ڹעǱߵĶȻǱȴ·ʯ󺣣ûһĶ
˵ϲûкͺͿʯйصϢ
˵ʼ˻ĵĻǺڣԽԽˡȻ˵ٸ弸ʱ䣬˵ʵҲϣˡ
벻Ҫʧܣ
̾Ϣֻص˵ɥ״̬ۺͿʯԶļѡ
⡭ǻһҪǣ
˾żҵˡǼݷõˣӡ
У
ҡҡͷǸȻҪļ۸Ǹĵ̫ˡǲǺʵĺ顣ҪҵֳڵĴˣڡ
гĬȻ˵óͬӡ뿪ĳԣҪҵĴңͬʱѼʳ
ҲԱһҶ
ֻ´ʳǵĺͿʯǮˡκƷֻһ˶ǲеġ
ǾǲԸ⿴ɳǺ˵ء
ڿֻк´ʳʵĺˡȻߵļǮȴʵɿ
ʵ̫ңԶˣ
˲֪ʱ˿̣ע嶯ĿԶֹǡ


47 ļƻ
ѾʮˣСӻûжأ
żҵ԰ż졢ȶΧһĥ̴ʯںȲ衣۾ϸϸƷţǵ⡣
ôףƽ𰡣ɲһǮ浱ǳԷſھ
̧ͷŲ豭Ϊܣ
˵ܾŹӰ죬ôǮżҼĴУȻҲԶֹƽ𣬵Ҫһڶղ룬οǡ̸ף
Ǳߣǿһֱء͵⵽ڶûɡ
˿Ǳʮа˾ſҪˣ
ϧС̫ǵԵŵʱܹ࿼ǣҲˡڣɣ»һʲСΥԼ𣡡
ż΢ͷ­һֻŲ豭һֻĦŨܵĺӣ⡣
뵱ܵ鱦̵ʱ򣬵֪ͿʯѾȫǰߣһҵʱ˻ǻһѡ
ڣ˿ȫ
ޣŹ֣׹ҪǻǺް취Ǿƽһͷ·
жȨƣﲻƽҲǰ״󣬺Ϳʯǵżҡ
ڣҲֻǵһʱѣ
벻ͨŹһڳúͻھӣû˵ǶҲȤ˵ͿʯȥģһΪǿЦأҪȥЩʯʲô
żͻȻɻ
Ź¸أ˾ҿʮа˾»֪飬ֻЩɵġ
Ҫǳʲô⣬żһǵðһʹŹ𡣡

ţʵҲǼ˼
żҲͷ
Ź֮ڹййֻͷˡ
ҲǾŹ˾ԭ
գ
˵ʱһżҵ˴Ű£Ҵҵ˽ߵżԱߣ
ʲô¥ǰ
żһȡ
ⲻǺ𣿡
һڲ裬Ϊ⡣⾩Ǹѽʲôֵġ
һѣƽ𣡾¥ϣһ׼˿
ʲô
һڲЩǺϡ棬ֽһѣƽһѵʾȫһˡ
¼ܴﵽֵزָżҾ֮һ
ĸ̹磬ܵˡѵǲ֪ǵĵ𣿡ǻƼҡ̼ҡҡ³ô˵
ȵ֪ǾĻơ̡ңûбҪر
ɳѾ¥ˡ飬Ҳ֪ǣ
ż
͵üͷ
ԼĹصģÿ綼ԼءӪΧⲢʲôԼףǼ괫йȻȻγɵġ
ھϾšơ³ȼҵĵ̡˵طռˣͲ׼ˡ
ֻǣ⣬ϷҪȱ̿ڣ֪ͨһɣ
εİԵεᣬεżˡؾˡ
ǣ˵طϣֻҪ򽣵⣬Ҫ֧һġ
˶һҪصġ
ңܲϵ
ߣȥ
һվͬһʱ䣬żҲеĲ豭

¥ģûʡ
̧ͷȥͬһֻչɵĴ
͹¥һϺõĳԷȲĵطֻΪ˿͵ԭȲϢԵĵˣԶȳԷ˶ࡣ
¥ȴЩһ
¥бŴŵĵط֪ʲôʱһɵɽ׶ߣһ׶
ɽϷһߵĳúڲţһһ㣬·
ԣͬʱһľңֻм򵥵һ֣
600ƽ𣡡
һɽһѳһľ˲˵ע⣬һΧţԼԼָָ㡢м
ÿʲôģ
ǻƽǮ˰ɣôҳˡ
¥ǸʲôúõĳԲȾƵĵطӲ˼һѽ⻹ҪҪˣ

¥϶㣬κӸ£ȺЩЦоâڱ
¥ٶңǱ˹ȥġЩ˵ЦЦ
壬û𣿡
κĵ
¥ǳԲȾƣϢĵطҪǻǻطҸĽ¥̰ɣ
ˣط
˰֣ն򶨶û˿ĶҡʱκԶΪ
ĺЩȲ򽣣Ǿеֵֹġң600ƽһѣܴƽ𣿡
岻һκĺûšѡĵطܡƫĵط600ƽһѵļ۸κҲ֪Ǹ˵˵ˡ
֮ǸƽļƻһʼͲӦôڣ
ģԿԴģ
һߺŲˣһĿԽƾ·ֵȺݲȡ
ƽĽ״һʼͲһɵ
£һ³Ҳ߰ƽ𣬶Ҳᳬһǧ
ԵûҪͨͭҲʮļʮһѡ£Ҫȸ߼ۼǲܵģ
ҪȵȸֵٻҪ꣡
Դһʼʹע⣬ͨķáƫ桱
¥ļƻ
ط۹˵Ǻܺõλãȴ֪ȴһκ¥޷ƣ

¥б棬ŰʮɵĵطǻʹţפųȺĽ
¥еĽͷ졢ÿʹıؾ֮أ
¥֮˺Ȳ衢ԾƵĵط¥һͳԷĵطΪйеĽѲ֮࣬ϲǲɡϢ
ǽƵģЩҪȾƣֻڻڵļ϶¥ԺȲԾơ
ǳ£󷽣¥һֱܺá
Ȼⲻעص㣬ӵǰļ䣬û˱ƣûбЩǸõҡ
ǰһʳȸ֮ܳߵʮʮһڣΪЩȽĽͷ졣
ֻҪЩģġģܹ׿ݵλЩͷǳ۵ң
һ棬ЩȸҴ嶼Ī
ʵϣ󲿷ֵĽͷ춼ǳԺգǸǮƷǸȱһЩͷֱӾǳĳЩԺյҡ
֪Ҫ̶ʱڳＯƽľ޿ûаЩͷõĶˡ
ʵϣһʼĺͷƼƻǳЩ¡Ľͷȥģ
ֻҪãЩԳ۸
ڶԻҺͽľη󲿷ֵ˶ЩǾԶ֮ڳ֮⣬ûע⵽ӴģǿȺ壡
ڶһݵƣҲԲκܣ


48 Ĵҵ
κ𩣬ͽˡҵݱȽУʱ棡ȰҶš
һߺŲ裬һƲ
֪ǵҦ԰ɣģ齻ңû⡣
κظ
Ȼƻֱ˵棬κǵʲõġֵǸʲôģֵܾʱæġ
ҦȻȨ죬κҲʲôصġһùҲòŶҦ̫ɵ
ɲֹҦ硭
ЦЦµֹǹ¥¡ҦҪ֪Լ£ƤðǵԼġ
κҵ¥Ҳǲڼƻɹ֮ǰ̫˶ĿĻҦ£澯Щ㹻ˡ
˵ЩˣȲ裡
κһһߺŲ裬һ۾⡣
һȺǺܶࡣƾʲôµġ
ڣҲûָһܰѽɹҲż
ˣ
ͻȻκ𩿪ڵ
һ̧ͷĿƾ˳κĿ⿴ȥֻԶȺɧһȺ˺ƺƵӽֵһͷ¥ķ
Щ˷ֳɣͬ˴ֲֿȻǡͬ
ãǾǳ̼ҡƼҺ³ҵˡЩ˿ȳӵģ
κ󣬸ĶټκҲдӣҵһ֣˳һʱסüͷдΪ
߲ƣ߲ԷƣκɲΪ˼򽣵ġ
ʲô
忴һۣ²豭
оǵĹ棬ҵҲЩ˿϶Ϊصҡţ̹ܵˣǱǾǵģضǲãʲô

κһȡֶȫһ֪⣬֪滹ĵ
ȷ𣿡
š
˵ͷһһӣʲôʶʲôȻֻʮ֪ͣĶκˡ
ңһʱӴһˣ˶Ĺ֪
ɲˣǿ϶ˡҵøϽȥǽһ£
κ𩽹ˡ
ˣһõǵĵط
һֻֿŲƸӣ

κסˣ壬ԺȫӦ
Ҳκ𩷢ôһ̡ơ³ҵ˾Ѿ¥¡һȺͷ¥ŵĺڲĽ
ߣأҲ𣿡
һ֣ĺбۣ˫ֻһ¥ţһڣ˵ݣһҾ¡ӡ
λүҪ𣿡
¥ڣһµС˵ͷè˳ȥ
Ľ
ֵĺб۵˵ʱг̼ҡƼҡ³ҵȫš
ӽлԣǾǻƼҵˡдģȻи£ҳӵģԾġ
Ǹӽ£вصܵ⡣Ҳһˡ
Ϊ˶أҲΪά档Իơ̡³ЩȻһЩĽɫ
ǣҼ˵ģ
Ŷ˵ǼҵĽһѣǻƽ𣿡
Աֱۣ˵ʱļЦھǻơ̡³ǰֱǰŪ
ǣ
С˵ͷȻЦ
ǵĽҿһ
ԺǼ
Ҫǿ⣬˵үҾˣ
Χơ̡³ҶǸһĿšǾҶԸõַĽڿʱһȥ˼ҵĵҳһȱڣһӣֱݣʱô˿ţȻǶ
ҳӣ
ڵ췽棬кܳǻơ̡³ŵȼҵģ
ԲǵĽֻ򣬲ܿҲ
С˹ȻЦ
ʲôܿܣ
ţ
һ˲䣬ԣơ̡³ȫڣ˶סˡƽһѽɲǰͭǮȻһ£ֱǰδţ
ʱ򣬿ѹû뵽
ܿһ£
ٴεЩԼĶ䡣޲뾡취˿ǰҫ
ҵãôĽȻһ¡
ܡ
С˵һƽ
˭˽гҵҪʲôȻһ¡
ŭ
֪С˵Ӳľʯͷ
֪ʲô˼
סˣŭЦ
ǲ֪ǲ֪˭
֪Ҽ˭
С˵Ļش˵Ԥϡֹԣ˶ס
Źƨв֪Լ˭ģ
ԲȻŭ
ã˵ӾͲʡ㣬ǼҵĽʲôôƾʲôұƽļ۸񣿡
֪
ֲأĿʯģҲ֪𣿡
֪
жأܿ뼸أ
֪

С˵Ļشһû˿ı仯ƺԶֻ˵֪֡˼ƽһͲܿ仰⣬һŲûش
֪֪˲֪㻹֪ʲô
ԶС˿ˣŭЦ
ûн꣬ͲҪǸģв˿ģܿ浱ǹǧ𣿡ȡ裡
壡
ԵĻͼҵ漴ôЦΧ۵ȺҲźЦ
˵ʲôţһȡС˵ûɡ
һָСˣ˹Цӡ
֮ǰһľǲʲôҳӵһһǿ죬ĹˡȻ˵û˵һҾڻȡ裡
һ̼ҵ˲ͣҡͷ֮ǰǰ⣬˲мǾԲʹַŪġ
ǳֻ̼ҪԼţǾƣòôװŪġȻûʲô汾¡
⼸Ȼû˵Ҳһбµģǲ±˿Լĵġ£Ͳñ˶࿴ʶԼĵ
ģûС
˿˵ģһҾڻȡ衣ĵóȥŹ֡
¥ǳԾƵĵطȻҼ۸Ҳôߣȫ⺺֮ǰ߿ˣ
³ҵҲһӡ
¥װûʣϵΣھļҾ¥֮һѵ˷Ǹ󣬴󲿷ֶͷ
ԷֵطƽһѵĽһʼΪʲôĶͷܵҳӡ
ڿˣ
һ֡ࡱԾȫͬˡ
ɢ˰ɣɢ˰ɣʲô֪ȡѣɢ˰ɣ
Ҳ֪˵һأ˷ʱ䣡
¥Ҳ֪ʲô
ơ̡³ҵԸûȤɢ߿һߣһ߿ʼͷ¥ǰΧ۵·ˡ
Щ쵰
κ¥÷һӣŭվ
ھѽѣʲô¡ﲻɲģΪơ̡³ҶȥˡҾͲţʰǣ
κСһ𳤴󣬴һɿĽ飬ΨһģҲӵľˡ
˵ԼԼĸǣκһٸĲֱŭڡǳ̼ҡƼҡ³ҵǶκûá
κĹҷ
һȣ
һִֻԱסκ𩣬鵭Զκô
һС¶ѣαضŭȥɣҲҪɢˡ
һ˵ţһŲҶڴԽǰһϰߣˮԺ󣬽ԲҶ
ʱգҲȨǶǰĻɡ


49 ȡżĲ
ǶѾʼΧ·ˣҲ𣿡
κ۾òˡҲˣ·ô£ѽ¥ϣΪ˾
Ҫ˶ˣ˭
ļƻǾҪƻˣ
Ҳ˵ˡ·ˣֻģǻ𣿡
巴ʵ
⡭
κʱҭ
ģû¡мƻ
κļЦЦڼҵΪΪ⡣ȸҪԤеּ۸񣬼ҵ˲ûӦ
һ㣬Ԥϡ
ŲŲ壬廻˸ƣţԼҰø
ţ
ͻȻĿһ¡
ôˣ
κ
˶ѡ
ЦЦԶ͸ֵϵȺһۿ˾żҵȡż졣¥鼴Ȼ˳̼ҡƼҡ³ңûżһ᲻֪ġ
ֻûϵľȻȡżˡ
ˣҪҪȥ
κʶ
ˣüʱȻġ
ڣǺȡżǼʱ򣬳űǷ֮ǰƿ豭κϽ뿪

ô£ô
岻֪뿪ʱԶȡżͬע⵽
վȺУͬǴ㵡
Ȼߵĺܿ죬˶λӵӡʵ̫ˣرǵǰ˵Ƿ˼ӡ
ԾֻǴҴƳһ۱Ӱ˻Ǻܿ¥ڶʳн˳
˸յõϢʱֻ˵¥ȴû뵽Ȼ￴塣
ʷϲ飡
òﷷɣ
żʶѿڵ
ܣ
ȼ붼û룬ѿڶһ仰˵ڣŸоЩףõ
˵˵ֻɺϣ˼ֻǵȲġ
š
żӦһûж˵
ӣ󲽳ų̡ơ³ӭȥ
ȡż죬ˡ
ˣ֮ʶ˶ӭȥ
һ֪ļһﻩȡѣǼ⡣ȥɣ
ԭˣ
˴ѯϸľҲɳһзǻȥġ
˵ţ֪Ϊʲô˾㱣ǲԼͬ˳¥¥塣
ĳ֣Щ
ϣ
ţѸٵתȥ˭Ҳûע⵽¥ǰһͷվȺУһ°͵ĺӣһ濴¥ǰŵĳ¶Ȥζɫ

ҵôһ֣¥ǰſȸûʲôΧˡڼҿҲϾʹ˴ֹһˡ
Ȼû뵽ǣŲƽһ¥ڶֳĶ˺ܶ˵ע⡣
һǧƽ
¥ϣǰѵ¼۸
ȵһ죬㷭һλ˻͸¥ų
¥ϵÿֻһʱһʱҲңȻ׼׼
һǧƽǷ𣿡
ǳ̼ҵĸۡڣһλǮ۾ɴˣҪĳ
ǻ쵰Ϊ˭һĳɱŶ٣Ȼһǧǻƽ𣡾ǳ̼ңĻҵôߵļ۸Ϊ˭Ϊﶼɵӣ¥Ǳߵôģô֣
ȥ¥ҲڳȡҲҪиȰ벻׵Ļ¥ھ¥ǺӰġô˺֣ԺҪҪ⣿
ôǼϢ𣿡
̼ҳϳеż㣬˶٣ͻȻһԵŵĳ̼ҵӵ
سϣ˵¥ϰһλѡȴԹô죬ϣôƻ⣬ҪҪȥ߾һ
ʵĳ̼ҵӵ
ƣ
̼ҳϳ۾
˼СӺ֣ҲҪźɺͳһǧƽһѵĵѵ㻹Ϊóȥһ֣ȹһʱ䣬ȻҲͣˡ
ǣϣ
˵ĵл̻̣æͷ

û˻ڲ˽ϸ£һǧƽȥһ۸ԶԶг飡
ֻҪǸˣԲȥ
ֻҪûȥȻͱһ־磬֮
ǳ̡ơ³ҵ̬ȡ
¥飬˵ֻһСֳķ粨ѣֵȥעֵȥ󶯸ɸ꣬еԼݡ
ͬھ֮Уһҵȴȫͬ
ô𣿡
ͬʱżҵ֮ۡУȡżɫһأպȫͬ
ˣ¥κĲҵ¥£κĹرҪƹȥġ
ʵżҵӹӣ˫ֱȭ
κĹӣ֪λ𣿡
żɫһæʵ
ǹκ𩡣
ʵżҵӵ
ˣ
֣ȡż컥࿴һۣ˶ɫ
ȥɡ
ż˰֣ȵżҵӳȥ㿴ңҿ㣬ͣ˭Ҳû˵
Ǹκ𩣬ǺߵļǸ𣿡
ȵһڣüͷǵǡΪͿʯ⣬Ƕ弫ĹעȻҲעΧʵȺ
κ֮һ
Ϳʯ飬ѹͲȾָҵ򺣵Ϳʯ
Ҵûⷽľ顣˾Ͳģһֱû̫¡
¥ϼĽ壬һоȫһˡ
ܲܳɹжƣȥˣһͱ仯ֵ˴Ϊֻˡ
ûϲʣͿʯѾ˲ơ
Щˡɣ
żҲǲ
ôֵǽȻһСôͿʯǼҪǻǸϿ챨ɣ
˵źܿվҴҵȥ

һǧƽ
ޣͨ˵ǼӶľ޿Ȼֻһѽļ۸
ںܶ˾һ󼰵ġ߼ۡʱ¥ľٶʱˢ˵֪
ǧİƽ
¥¥ϵ¼۸
¥ϵλƺﲻݣУƺûмۺ͵׼µļ۸񱨳гڡ
¥ϵλ˭Ƕ磬ҲԼΪɹ˵ע⣡
ǧİƽ𣬷ʦɰǧҽ¥̣ûһҸҹҳۣλ֪ʲô¥ˣɹ˱˲顣
ֹˣһ
ڶһǧ
ǧİ
ܶ˶λ¥ϵλƺǼ۶ѡļ۸񶼱ǰһһ
˸εĴ󵨲Ÿľٶ
ӣһǸӣ
˭˵أһѽǧİƽʲôֵۡǷӣ˭ɵó
ؼ׼׼ģ
ҪȻô˵Ƿأ

¥⣬Χ۵ָָ㡣ֲҪǮҪ˵¥ȻЩΧֵۡζĸ㣡
·Χ۵ȺʱԽԽ࣬Զ˵һ죬ڶ죬һֳӵơ


50 ɮ
һҲͰˣƫƫ¥æ飬ȫһ֮ھԽԽ˵ע⡣
鴫̡ơ³ңԭµļҶʱЩˡ
Ȼ̡ơ³벻ǣı仯ڵİ飬׸ıʣҲ׸ı˼Ҷ¥Ŀ
ǧİƽӦþ޼۸ߵĽ¥ɣ
Ϧбʱ֣ûע⵽һӵ˳¥¡˽Ī£֧ĵˡ
֧ҲˣŴ֧ͬͨ
һĵ˲һĪ´Ӳѵһ⣬ǵһű׷ͷ׵İá
Ī°Ҵﵽ˷ĵز
ЩĵһַԹĿȡĵζҪ뾡취
Ī־£ƽ־ԸҪʶõı
εĪµһǰѴƾʦеĽ¥̹һ顣
ĵȴûһۡ
Ӧ޵λõĽ¥ɣ
Ī¿¥ϵӣа
ڹƾʦɰǧĽ¥֮ĵ۸ߵĵطûһ¥ܹȵ
ǧİƽļ۸񼴱Ƿڴʳ֧ҲǷëǣܱȡ
Ī¶˽⣬ǰ֧ĹأֻõĽ¥ʦŸߵļǮ
һǰõĽ¥ģҲضʦ
֮ǰ˵Զѷڴʳ֧ڿԶˡҽ¥һмţǧĵŸúڲţòŸ˿
Īѧһ֣Լϳһ¥ǰѡ
ʳ֧ӵдʦҵ൱ʦҲҽ¥һѵˣ˿
֧˵۹⣬Ĵʦض
ĪжʱǿҵԸ⣬Ҫλġʦһˡ
գ
ĪһŲ¥ȥ˼ľһ󴵹
ҵ˿
ԶͻȻһ˵ľҷ֮Уһɫ˿ƮƮŷ
Ī¿ʼû⣬˼ɫ˿ƮƮȻԼϷ˹ȥ
ˣСģ
ĵ֧
ǣ
Ī¿һĻȴȻһЦͣ½ŲҲȼһְ䡣
ৣһƮƮ˿һΪֳƮ
֧ͣ½Ų
Զ˵ļȻֹĪµķһܾӡ
ëϷ
֧⵶ˮƽ
Īһɫ˿ȻһЦֽ䣬ɫһɰ
õĵҲϲĵ
ƽȥλŮʿ
仰Ī´¥ȥ֧ƽҴĸȥ

¥ǰ飬ҵլ֮ۡУȸֽ齻κ֮һ˿ʼר书
˱ǣҾͿǰһЩˡ
峿ҵĺ԰һӣԺд˷
ӵǰļ䣬Ժǰ̫̫ĹˡֻЩصĹĸǣû
ھͲһˣȻĸȻǺǿӵ˱֮ǰһЩģβǺܸߵĹѾԿʼˡ
ȭɣ
˼ã˾
ǰЩճʱǿķйҵĵײսʿް취
ֱȭ
ȭȫ纣һһȭܹʹõͲսʿܹӳʵŸı״
ƾĶۣȭʲô̫Ĺ
ԪǿĹĿǰžеȭʲˡ
ӣң
׼ʱ򣬶ͻȻ¡ɮ
Ŷ
΢һ˼⣬ЦЦѾô¡ôãҲӦЩˡ
ǽɡ
ǣ
¡תѸȥ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ӰƮƮ˽
ӣ
Сȹһ仰˵ġ
λʦôסˣ
΢΢һЦƺ֪ǵ⡣
ӣʵǱǸֻʵǷǳҪǺ͹ԼֻҪһóƽ𣬾ͿԻϵ300ʯͺͿʯȨ
ڹȥôˣһµʱҲԶˣ֪Ǳߵôˣ
˫ƺʮһǸȻ
λʦǻҽƽ𣿡
һЦֱ˵⡣
Ī֣ʵǹϵش󡣡
˱⣬ԥһǾʵ
ӣҲڵļķǳأÿһ죬Ͷܶʱ䣬ǱѾд˺üŴߴˡǲܲ
˵ʱһ⵹Ҳ˵ѾˡأǾԲݴġ
λصġƽ£ʱҾܳＯǡǵĵĻҿϵͻʵˣǳＯһţ͵ȥ
ϵĻƽȻʣµĲ࣬ţϾûеô100ƽǿϲţġ
ģ
־ϲ壬ижѡͻʵԶĶܹ࣬ϵЩͻˣʱЩţȥ̫ò
ֱѩ̿ܣʵڲû
Ȼ
Цŵ˵ͷû˱ʱǡǡҪʱһԮȡǵĸмûбˡ
ˮ֮ӿȪ౨仰֮ĺˡδںͿʯ̸УЩҲо޴İ
ǾĻƽ飬ǲŵĻ͸ɡ
ţԺ飬Ҫ͵ҲʮԺ󡣵Ǿƽ£ȴü޵ġ
տƾɮȻѾ˻ɣûʵڵ֤ݣǲİġ
һԤ֮С
Ҳһֱ¥
Уǧİ
ƽ𣡡
΢ЦһԲ䡣
ɮվȺУ࿴һۣ˱˴𾪡һ԰Ц磬ǿĻļ۸
Ҫǵȵ緭ƣǧİǧ˰˻֪ε𾪡
2400ĵѾô𣿡
˲ʶ֣ǡ2400ʶģ۸ĸе𾪡
˶û뵽гȻѾٵֵزˡ
Ƶ𣿡
š
˵ͷûзϡ
ڣǻòƽ𣿡
ˣˣ
֣ȴܲѡһܹǧƽļ۸Ǿƽǰλӻ治ʲô⣡
һڳＯƽľ޿ĪĺϢ
֮ǰܲóƽжоѡ
˲УҲǰЦѡ
2400ĸ߼ۺȥһ2400ȫǽȻָͬλɮȻ縺Ϳʯ񣬵ԶгϵҲ̫˽⡣
Һﲻֻͨ˵ģҪȻ治úŪ
Ҳʼˡ
λʦߣ¥Ȳȥ
˵ˣֱ¥϶ȥ


51 ֧Ī
壬壬ˣٲҿɾҪмܲסˣ
һ¥κʹʮ𼱵ĳ˹ͷͷĴ󺹡
ôˣ
üκ𩣬һĲ졣
κӴ֣Ҳ˺ٶʲôģ廹ǵһοôüëġ
ˣˣҳӵˣ
κͰͣͷˡ
𼱣˵Ҷţʲôҳӵģ
˸ơ
ƷãκƽŰ˵˳ԭʱκ׼ȥʱͻȻ˸Īµ֧ˡ
һһڰĺһھǸ˵ĵƣʲôʲô벻ôôġ
κ𩻹Ϊһԩͷﻹ˲ѡû뵽һﻰͷһתͻȻóһѵҪһϸ¡
κʶ˵һҳӵģ
κǸǾöԷ뿪û뵽һʱͿʼװ˵ʲôԲð
ִ¥ϣһ˼Ҫ¥ϵĵȸ¡κִ˺ܾãѾܶע⣬ʼӰ¥ˡ
κҪϣƫƫһ⣬еľǮֻҪΥأκ𩻹治ܸߡ
壬ٲҿĶסһһֱҪԼҲ¥ϣչʾ˵ʲôܹ棬ΪʲôͲܣſʼ֧ˣһ취ûС
κһѱڶĻȫ˵˳Ϊֻһ򵥵û뵽ôӡ
Ǹ֧أ
忪ڵ
档ʱס˵˵
һ֣κҵԼĹǣ侲ࡣ
ߣȥ
ɮ˰һ䣬Ȼκ첽ȥ

¥ڲһڼκǸ֧ˡ
Ī£
嶢ǰĴӡ
ǰѵˣ
Ī¶һľȣû뵽ǰѵ˾ȻôһʮС
ͷĪºܿͰһԺ󡣶ȰһСʲô֮ĸĿǷΧ
̫ˣҷǳϲĽһǸǳĵʦ֧ıҲӵһϸ£
Īվһ顣
ҲѾ˵𣬲У
κŭһôȥأǺҪˣϽЩ˳֣ͰǸϳȥˡ
ԣ

򵥵ַ·ӵħһͻȻѻȸһƬš
κĿ壬ŵôģֱԼĶ䡣
ææ壬뾡취ʱ䣬ӦҪȻʹӦˡ
û뵽ܾ˰飬ſھʹӦˣû˿ԥ
һ࣬ĪͬЩ⡣
ʦ¥̣Էʼ飬ҪʱԷһľܾˣҼææİϳȥ
λӣκ𩣩֮ǰ뾡취ǲӦҪĪѾҪϺܴ󹦷˵ʦ׼û뵽ԷȻӦôʹ졣
Ī¶еʼϲ
壬ˣ
κڷӦ˲Īڳһץסֱۣ˸ڵķ䡣
һžҳӵġ֪⣬ΪʲôҪӦ
κѹ쳣ļ
ľʵֲΪԤڵķ̫ڶܲˡ
𼱣
ЦЦ˰֣κ𩰲
̹˵ļƻһʼͶλЩڽϣЩ˸Ŀ֮⡣
ĪµĳҲΪṩһĻᡣֻҪõĺãԼֻкôûл
Īʵûʲô⣡ôҲҳӵġ
ЦŽ͵
Ī£κ𩲻˽⣬ӵǰʮļ䣬ȴ֪ĪΪûж⡣
漰ʹʳֲ֧ͬΪϰߡ
ں´ʳ֧ǹ򵶽ʱһϰߡϲԼĵͶԷбȽϡ
ԷƷʸߣԿԼĵڵϿȱڣôǾͻ߸˵õĵ֮֮ˡ
֧ʹʳһֺΪҲҵĬġ
ͨΪЩӵĵܿ챻̭ȥʣµĵ󲿷ֶõģұ˴
ͨΪ֧ʹʳϵĴٽҵĽʹˮƽԽԽߣгҲԽԽơ
Щĵܵõ֮ƥļ۸ʦĵλҲء
ʱʹôʳ֧г䷱٣ԶԶ
´ʳ֧ÿ˶档
ļУЩʳ֧˾ͻῪʼģ˳㽫ΪҲ
ײ켼뼼ջײΪϰΪϰ߻ײ
ӡУĵǿʼΪ֮۸ſʼ
ֻоܴ٣
޽ܣϰ־гŻӭٺͷԾ
ʦʼѸѪʱϣʦǶԼҪøӵĿ̡޵гӭʵķԾ
ЩˮƽгߵļǮʦǵõַ˸Ķ
һִҲһѭ˶档
Ϊ֪δƣԸܾҪõúãԼļƻĪĺô
ǾҲӦôӦǰ
κ˵֧ϰߣɫȻýģǵǣ
֪ܲЩʳ֧жЩëϷи˸ҵ͹һ䵶׵ľͰҵղصһնϡҿĿã֪Щһһֱܾ
κеĲѡĵκΪκĹϵ֪Щ֧ˡʳ
ԣǵһ𣿡
Ц
⡭
κʱȻ
İɣԼĵжԼ֪ġ
嵭Ц
ʳ֧ж嵱Ȼ֪ǰʱֲûмʶԼӵš
ʱܴڱȸָ

סκ𩣬߽Īµİ֮С
ʦӦˣ
Ī۾ˣ
ģ֪Ĺغ֧ͬһһ⳥ܿҵıǾ͸ˡԸ⸶ߵļ۸ı
⳥Ͳˣ򣬡ʱ˵ɣ
Ц2400ƽǵļ۸񣬽ļ۸񶼻ûüģ֧ΪԼļ۸Ǿʹشˡ
û׼ôˡͰϵĵһȸȥ
ԼɾͿˣ
Ǳ֧ܽҿһ𣿡
κһϯͻȻҲĪе֧Ȥ


52 Ķ
Ȼԡ
Īº
ϳס৵һ³˳ﬣʵɲǣһһȦ¶ȶ
Ȼһκʱɫˡ
ڸκĻ
֧Īû˵ѣϵȷʵһֺһ㵶ɱȡ
ֻܹϵĶࡣ

Ī½˹ȥ
õ
ҲĪнӹǰ֧ϸšԺ⻹һμʶ֧
һнʳȴƺرеǵĵƺĵȫһȶֻһ߶࣬ҵʾ޴ĻΣյһ㡣
Ҳ֪ǲǺʹʳ֧йء
Īµ֧зǳķóǧ;ĵĴһҶ֪⡱Ҳܿʳ֧ĵȷʵˮƽܸߣĳЩҪߺܶࡣ
ৣһüӲС̴ľɵϢĵһ
ǵϣϵ
õ
һԱߣκɫˡ
˫ֳֵһȦֽ֧˻ȥ
ĪɣǰѹظһİɡȻǵıȽϣӦбȽϵĹءӮңѵ۶٣Ҿ١ˣҲҪһѵļ۸1200ƽ𣡡
κ𩣬ԺƣҲһһȥȫͰɣ
壡
κ󾪡ĪµĵһͲǷƷ岻ҪӦû뵽Լôϸ
ã
Ī´ϲʲôֻҪӦ1200ƽ㲻ʲô֧˴󲿷ֶᣬֻ̣ҪڵԼĿأ㡰СǮ治ں
Զ˲⳥ӮˡĪѾܾûӮԼˡ
Ī°ͲӮͿһõĵˣ
һ飬ûеԡҪһϸ£Ҫȵ֮󣡡

û⣬Сһ׮
Ī¹Ц벻⡣ֻҪͬ⣬ȸʲô
ˣһҺܺ棬ʱǴſڿһ޴ɽ֪ʲôģ֧û
Ǻǣȵ֮Ȼ֪ˡ
ЦЦ仰תߡ
ˣĻʽ֮ǰҵ֧Ҳһ¥ϣ𣿡
û߳ͻȻĪµ͸һ˿ƻζ̣ɲΪ˱Ե
ȻһЦȻӡеһЩʳ֧ĵ˵лᣬŹԼĻᡣ
Ī²֪С˼Լ˵ȴ»
ǰͲô
ԣ
仰˦뿪˰ᡣ

壬ˣ֪֪ܴġ
ӷκ𩼱Ҵҵ׷ȥܻ
յıۣ֪֪ǶǮǧİԣǧ˰Ӯֻ׬һ붼ǮȴҪôࡣ㵽ôģ
Ϳʯľƽ𻹲֪ղյ룬һǧ߰ƽһ¾ҪˣŪЩҪǴѽ
κ𩼱ͨ졣
ԹĪµĵģǰѵȸصǰѻҪʶ˶ԷȴǴӦʵκ벻
δӦ壬ȸֽ¥Ҳֵһæ׬Ǯ
һ𳤴ֵܣܲæ
κû뵽ô򵥵飬ȻŪã岻׬ǮҪǻһǮ
еİף
һΣκо˺ڣ
ңʲôذ죿ˣ֪֪ҪǮ
κֻҪһǸأ١
ģӮˣ
嵭
֪֪ʲô˵ʲô
κ
˵Ӯˣ
ЦЦٴظ
κĿ壬һ˵ˡǻŭһеŭʱйøɸɾˡ
Ӯˣ
κЩšǰѵķǸոڰ
š
嵭һšǶţҲǶȸֵţ
κʱסˡǧŵĻǰһӶ˵ˡ
֪ôţȻҿԼһӮ
ĪµǱ֧ܣǿĶϢļ¡
ǿһۣϿ¶جΣ
֮һֱƵҲԭǱȻ˵ʵκĵûס
Ӯ
κԥ
Ȼ
չһЦʮ㡣
ɲǺͿոսӹǱ֧䵶ʱԹСָͷмϲ׾һ¡
ԷȷʵȴǷƷȲϺͿʯңգԷҲֻ͸һѡ
һ㣬Ϳжϣ´ʳ֧ʦǿºԼȻвٵĲࡣ
֮ڣǾ׷ϵġ
ƾĹգǾԲܱȵԼȸġ
ˣ
κ֪Ϊʲôÿԣǿʮӣκ˵ԵĻǱ׵˵
ҲòŰǮưĶ͸ǶԵȵģЩ֧˷Ǯǿʲôֱ伸ǧƽǸã
κ飬̲סԹ
İɣ֪ԼʲôСש񡭡
κļɲǴиͼıǧƽǸԼģƾĪǼǧƽǷ˴Ƶġ
ֻҪܰȸгܹ׬ĲƸֵĶһͷܹġ
ˣͽˡκ𩣬סԺ飬Ͱɡ
˵кһȲɮȻ뿪ˡ
¥廹̫֪Ī£λ֧ĵԶ˵֪ʲôˡ
ǰ뿪¥¥ϵļ۸ͷһǧ˰Īµ֧Ҳ¥¥š
һбĵ¥
Ҵĵһڵ֧
ı仯˵ע⡣
ĪµĶع⣬嶼Ԥ벻ĺ䶯
µһ֧ʳĵһԾƵһġһϢɡ
֧ʳ˼࣬ǴҶīسɹ棬ֶĶԾڴƻǵһΡ
˴Ĺע
ߣһ֪·ļһҲܴƵ
Ϣң̼ҵһסˡұϿͿ˽´ҶڱһҪңᡰµһͷ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽ξȻᱻһ·ġС䡱ͷ
¥飬ұͳһصС¸ȥᡣһͻȻȫͬˡ
¥ǸһԸԸ⣬鴫Ѿ˴޵ġµһͷǼ޷̵ġ


53 ֣
ҵȡһõĵҲ͵¥ϣҲôҼʶʶʲôõĵ
õϢ̼ҳϳԥĵһʱ䷢
ǳϣǿҪһǧ
ⳡĶżܸߣһ̼ҵĵͼѣǻû˵ͱˡ
ߣѵΪǻ䣿
۾Ĳá
Ӳң
˵ĳ̼ҵæͷĵĻ̿֡
ζĶǸȡСʲôⶼǵĻᡣһǧƽܻһδѹ壬µһĻᣬĻȥң֮£һǧƽʲô

ε᲻ǳ̼ңżң³ҡƼң˭Ҿٰ죬ĻͻΪʸ֮С
ǵ¥վһоȫͬˡǧѷĻᣡ
ʱ򣬳̼ʲôϢǻ֪ͨҵģһΣ̼˭û˵ĵĽһ͵¥ȥ
ͬҲ˾³ҡƼҡң괫еβԼͬĸԽԼҵı͵͵¥
ҶԶԷġСһ˭Ҳû˵ơ
ٺ٣ø¥һѱҲ߰СƾʲôھʦֵطǧǶҸɣ
СҪûأǻȥڣҵģ
ֹǼңһҼҵĴ̡¥л˴Ĳ
ôҡУģֱӰʵǼңЩ̡¥ƾôһٲ֮ͣ˸ҵĲ
ߣǸ¥¥֮ȡξòµһͷҲҪǸһѪݺݵĸѵ
һҼҴ¥̼һ㣬ͳͳóԼ¥̵ı͵¥ȥ
ֵĶҪһӮˣǧ࣬ʮҾ࣬㹻κˡѪˣ
ܴʲô˼޵ĵ뵽ⳡĶеʱⳡĶӰʱԽԽˡ
ߣĺҲʳ֧ҪΪĵ̾Ʋǣ
򵶽Ҳż˽
ѩһԽԽ󣬶ұЩܿˣһЩҡ̡¥֮Ҳˡ
ߣΪǵĵµһ𣿡
¼ͣûע⵽һòġ׳վȺУ̧ͷ¥ϵһЦ
¥ʲôʽС෴ڽƻʹķǸ󣬲Ǹ̾޼֣֡
¥ô飬̾˵ע⡣
֮һ
ʮѽʣһ¾ҴǱҾǿʲôµһ
׳͸־ķĿһ¥ϵĵ׳ջĿ⣬˭Ҳûоһ˾ֱȺȥ
ӳ뿪һ·˿ĹٵȺɽĹľдУһƧ˵ɽ֮ۡ
ɽϣͺͺģԶԶľͿŵһŨص¯ζ
߽ˣԿɽϣǶϽˣڸطЩĶϽ룬һ®
®Աߣһߴ¯̻δϨðŨ̡
׳߹ȥǯӼ¯һӺĽߣŵϣȻ󶣶ô
⽣ָ߳쳣ĿȻûȫɣȴһ쳣Ӳĸо
ͭĥʮطҪӲıΣҾҪе忴ʲôʦ
׳Ժһͷеӵĸ죬ˣĻǴĴ±
ɽ֮УƧˣû֪ﻹһĬĬŵʦ
Ϊһ֧ʦĺˣӵһѪȻƳĹϲ䡣
Ȼʷ֮лҷ𣬵׳ȴɹһŹϵȻط
׳ԸǼ̳ϵ־ҪƳģһҪƳӲĵʲôǿߣ޷֮ϣԴϴһλܵĳ裡
һΣԼõĻᣡ

ɽۣ֮Хܣʮ֮ߡȼգڵһֱûֹͣ
ͣɽ֮۵ĻͣЪ
׳³¯һƣȴ߳®뿪ɽ¥ϣһ

¥ϵĵĶ粨ͣķֻͣǶ̶һ죬μ¥Ķľʹﵽʮ⻹ǾɸѡĽ
1200ƽĸ߶żҲû赲סǣ
ĴңĵˣоǵĽ¥̣ԼһЩ֪֡κææңͷö
ⳡ粨չһԶԶԤϲġĪµĳ֣һţǵг
ҡ¥̡ʦص˽йբĺˮһֹҲֹס
¥ǰѩһԽԽ˵ע⣡
ǧ˰Ȼǧ˰ˣ
¥ٰѣʮѣʮѡҪˣ¼ҵ׶ɣҵɣ
٣ҵʵʱϻûпӴɣ
һߵ尡żҡƼҡ³ҡƼңЩĸǴңСǶĶĲ³ǰŪ𣿡
ٺ٣ʲô֪ߵغͽ֪ߵصסֵطԻطܱȵ˼Ҫʲô취

¥ǰȺЦµһȻ֣ǵǲŹעĶ
Щ˵ǹעĶ
ⳡ粨¥Ǹһ﷢ģΪ˹ĵһֱǹĽжҹһжҡ
ʮĵɲǿЦģЩ˵ݣҵ
Щģֱ¥˶ľ֡
鲻ϵķͣģһȺע⡣
ٺ٣¥ְôˣѹѹģ²úüǧɣ
µһͷ󰡣
Щͦģǹ˵㣡
ƨҪкýǮʲôͨͨĻɫ
ǣ߰ƽһҲǺýͨ˻ǽǶݣ

ƻʹɸߵĽɫǽϣһŴƽվڳǽϣԶ¥
ӸߴĹǽȥԶ¥ɫԵðС˲١ɫݶΧѹѹȺȴΧ۵ġ
¥ƻʹ֮࣬﷢ķ粨ǵע⡣ǽڵ൱Ŀ꣬˵ⳡǣ򵶽ĵĶһ˴Ľע⡣
ף˭ͷ
˵˵ЦЦͻȻ֮䲻֪˭˵һ䡣˳ͬȥֻǽ⣬ԼϤӰڳ¥ȥ
꣡Դˣ
ס죬Ҫ˵ˣ
һȺڽɫ΢䣬һڲᡣ
ɵľ˲ϢڽĿУӰ߽ܿ¥С
ǽ
óƣֱݡ
ʲô
κڰｹͷöЩμӵĶı͵ϣ仰۾͵վ˶侲
У˼˵κһĿˣڰ֣ƹӣæļĪ
ǵһȣȥиˣ


54 δͳ
壬˵Щˣ
Ҵҵܽңκſڵĵһ仰ʱнһҪ
κû뵽Щˡ
¥Ķ㣬κеǼԴһμЩӹ
ǣʵۣʿеġ塱лµӡһ˺ٺǴ򽻵
ҲǵһνӴҵĽ
κ֮ôԾҲԭ
ŨȨζֲþУܶӵܶǽ
忴⼸ˣа
ΪӡңӴڶ빬Ĵ󳼣ЩϴкŨȨζһʿȣǡٵġ͡һûƣҲ׾
ЩӣȴֳĬԣЦǰͨ˺ײһη塢ڵĸо
ϣȷʵһмܵġ
ӻȻǿľӣ
һ
ǰǼģǰȣЩӡ֧䡢ǿĸ֮ʦ
䣬̡ϣһ˿ɱȡȻ֮Ŵʢת˥䣬ӵܡ竹ӱԾӸλЩвܵżǰǿĽںһֻ֮ʦ
ǹʦػµģ֧ȴսһǧΪصĳ裬Ҳ͵ʱеʹ
ֱһξ͹ˣΣҶڽٴη
ģǰǳ緢ʱھǣĿЩʬѻڳ⵽еϣһۡ
Ѫͬбǰδе𺳣ԼʹǴεһʧȥԼˣú͹ø
У
˿ܿԼƽܼеĽΣǶһӵˡ
һҵѾԼı䡣ǰ£δػᷢ
嶨Ŀ⻺ɨӹһüһ˺۵ʱͻȻһ

ͻȻϳ˭ˡ
Է糾
û뵽ľȻ֮͢Ϊǿ֮һǰ˽Ĵͳ졣
ı־üһĵۡ
ǰ˶˵Է糾ѵһ䣬һѺüͨһϳ
ӡеǸԷ糾ȣǰԷ糾࣬Щ۵λζԶԶûдﵽǰӢţĵز
ˣԷ糾Ѿ¶֮ܶˡ֮УơѹԸһ
ûмǴĻǰλԷ糾ҲѾ˽ͳλãڽѾǽһˡ
δĳɾͻߣǰ;ƽδϵĴͳλûڵأ
벻Ȼ
д˷ɲΪЩżסġ˵һԺյݣ
Ժյȸղߣ
ǰйȸֵĴ˵Ʋ
Է糾ǵ͵ġաԶӵرİãرȸǰ۸ߵȸ棬֮һֱʡ
Է糾ȸֵļӲԼĻƵİüֱﵽ˿ȵĵزǰȸȵ𣬳Ϊ׷Ĵ棬Է糾ʼٸߣ
ޱȵȸ׿ΪϣҲɾǿĴ˵
ǵһ㰡
ȫʮǧë׷׷ţͻȻо̹ޱȡ
ȸֻǵƸ˵Ľѡû뵽ȴԷ糾ʷǰ衱
Է糾ȸֵϲǹϵϲ˹˵ȸһֶôԷ糾ضж޿ɾҩ
ļƻУͻȻôһλԺյжʱ˼İˡ
ǰѵˣ
Է糾ڵĸоֵֹģ֪ǽٶЩη塣λһͶĳ񣬲֪ʲô
ǣ
ع΢΢һЦ󷽡
Է糾ûиκͨȻǲ֪ҲƣȻ֪ݣǿɾûô׻Źˡ
¥ϵǱ֪ܲܽҿڲҿһ¡⣬Ըһ㹻ĸ߼ĵڵıۻߣ
Է糾żɽֱӵ⣬쳣ˬ졣
ܳ٣
岻Ѷá
ڻƽǧ
Է糾ȳһκϹơ
ҵĹԹԣⶼʲô˰¥ϵı۲Ųǧ˰һȻ۰ǧ͢ĽѾԣ𣿡
κ°ͶҪˡһµĻŲʮǧƽ𣬰Ŀ̶ȣһӶˣ
ʲô£λ²ƴְ
ͬⰡ
κ̲ס
ǧƽɵӲŲҪһҪǧǷɮľƽͲǸ¡
·ˣ
У
嶢Է糾ƽ³֣κֱ
Ϊʲô
κԷ糾ͬʱѿڶ
壬ˣôõΪʲôҪƣ
κ𩼱ĶҪˡ
ǰǧƽ𰡣
Ҫȥհصһǧ߰ĽͿʯԼܵΥԼƶʣ²١
˵Ļ̶ȣ㹻ʮˡ
ǧƽ𰡣
ȻˣκоԼе˼·ˡ
λӣҵĳӦòͰɣ
Է糾κĸֲͬ
òϣˡǧƽ𣬺ܶ˿¶޷ջ󡣵ǰȻ붼û붼ܾˣ
Է糾еȣͬʱָе޷⡣
էܻ֪ĹأܿȻҲܽҿǲĺڲô˵𣿡
ƽ
Է糾Ĳƴ֣һҲ⡣
ӵǰļ䣬λԷ糾
ǰһλԺգǾ׸ͬʱҲҵĵϵӡԷ糾һ֪ܣ
Է糾һ˿ҵѪ
̫үүһλҵĹ½ԼңҲԷ糾̡̫һ˿ѪԷ糾λʹԷ糾ڼмӣԼҶּ֧ǲ
Է糾ʲôҪӦ
Է糾ںôߵĳɾͣ˽ͳλãͼ֧ҲǷֲģ
һֱֱ֮ܶ˳
ϺųƸɵйǾһдң
ǧƽ𲻹ǶԷ糾Ƕϼ嶼㲻ʲôȷʵõʱ
Ҫġ
û˱δȸ᳴ȵʲô̶ȡǧƽͨ˵ܸߣȸδʵ۸˵һʿ
һĶ
ҲǿԱģǧƽӦ㹻ֲӵʧɣֻǿһֺۣηأ
Է糾Ȱ˵ͼıע⡣
Ǻǣֻһ䣬֮⣬ҲḶǧƽ𣿡
ȻһԵ˹ؼ
⣡
Է糾ʱҭ
ǧƽȻΪһýڲֻһͭҲ۸ɵӡ
ȻɵйҲûлӻǧƽһѷͭ


55 ܾ
򽣣ҪֻһֵǧĽҵĽ
ҡҡͷ
ѵΪԼĽֵǧ𣿡
Է糾Ц
Цҡҡͷ硣
һǾ仰׼׼ǧ˰ƽھͿߡȵ죬Ͳˣ
˵仰תߣû˿ԥֻһգ۾Ϳżûһת徵ء
ˣô죿СӸͲʰ
ȵ뿪Է糾ߣһݵĽͷĿ̲סԹ
һ롣
Է糾üͷҲǳ˼
ǧƽı۸ʮֹȻԥľܾˣɴ͹ĳ
Է糾֮ǰû뵽ġ
ˣαظô£СӲӦǾͰ¥ϵĵǿȡô࣡
ݵĽͷĿײߵոյ̬ȿǲǿǽСҲδ̫ˡ
У¥κĲҵ˲֪ѵҲ֪ô죬ʲôʱ򿴵˵
Է糾ɫԥľܾˣ
ң㻹ҪҪˣҪ淢飬Ժֵǻôˣ
ǻƴ
ݵĽͷĿ˵ʲôǻһڣʶ˵æסѾˣŤͷȥֻԷ糾ɫȻѿޱȡ
ƴͲزˣһԼ
ƴˡ֣Է糾Щ꣬Ҳ˲٣ǸôŨˣ
彣ˣȵǻһ¥Ȼ˽ǾԼⳡĶɡ
Է糾һ͹ӵɫ˹ȥ󴩹ſڣȥ

ͬʱ¥⣬塢κߡ
쵰һΪжˬԭҲһ
¥һκʹֹ
˵治֪Է糾ǧƽá
عĺûֱһ£ǲ⡣
˰֣Ϊ
Է糾ǰӽʮһѵȸġܶ˻ΪǮɵ
ʵǡǡ෴κԷ糾Ӵ͸оԷ糾ȻӽĶΪмֵĶ
ЩûмֵĶԷ糾˸
ʵϣϸһ룬δܹͳôǸ
Ҳߵ̫һضǿǰǧƽ𰡣ۣܳЩ˿ҡ
κӺĽŲЩвʵĴ˵ŹͷŹʵ̫ϧˡ
ģܲˡ绹ġ
΢΢Ц
Է糾ȸֵĹϵעģնҲնϡţδ򿪵ĺڲȸһʱԷ糾һоڤڤеٻ
Է糾Է糾
ͻȻԺһһ¡
ǰԷ糾һ棬ȸ֮Ĺ£һΪֻǺ֮սʹļס
ԺյλڵԷ糾ȻԡȻһһڽбȻҲǽһĽ죬ûһǧҲа˰١
ǰļ䣬û⣬Է糾λҪ֮á֮ԻԷ糾һͷйء
Х죡
Ժӹһ֡
Է糾ܳΪʷϹϵ֮һ츳֮ߣʵ֮ǿ֪ˣӲİʮŵϴͳλãֱ˼顣
һĴɣ
֮Իͽһͬʵ׿Խ츳˵ĽѲϵ
˾ͽХ졣
Ȼյĳɾͻ޷Է糾ȣǻХ˺Է糾ȣԲ̫ࡣ
ڽ棬˴ͳ죬ʵǿļ֮һ
νһɽݶȤͬ˿ܻΪѣԸֻͬǳΪˡ
Է糾ͻХˣעһûѣ
Х죬Է糾Ӳڽλѹֱ꣬Է糾չ¶âһ֮չᣬ׵룬Хݺݵ˦󣬲ſʼƽƣɾδĴ棡
׷˵ĶԹԴͷȴһηǳҪĽͳѡΡʱХԷ糾ŵľѡߡ
ֻǺڱ֮УԷ糾˻Х죬ʧȥҪĻᡣҲӴ˱Х˾壬ӲĵѹǸλãá
ʱ㣬Ǵνѡηʱڡ
ˣ
Ժͷһʱסˡ㱼䣬ͻȻЩԷ糾ΪʲôԼˡ
壬ôˣ
һӶߴκĿ壬ΪΪʲôˡ
ûʲô
Ȼعҡҡͷţκһ·ߵһ֮Сϣһ˦Զʻȥ
ӣһȣ
˵ʱͻȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲ
塢κתͷֻһ͢¥Ｑ׷
˵ܲٲܲپ͵κŤͷ壬ŵôģһӡոջ˵£ЩһôˣѵôǾ͸ıע⣬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
˵Ԥϣһ¡
ӣܷһ£¥ǰɽʲôģѵҲ𣿡
һ˵һָ¥ǰһ˶ߵɽ
¥ͻʹֻ֮﷢飬ڽֿˡ˵𵶽ûбȽȺϲˡ
¥ĵĶһȺĽע⡣ҪȻҲˡ
¥ϵĵҲˣҶ֪ſǿ޴ġ񡱣˵ǡɽǸʲôģȴû֪
ʳͷ·ҲǷ׷ײ²⣬˵ʲôĶУԴģעˣֱò֡
λͷҲǰצģⲻ壬Ͻʡ
Ǻǣ
ô£Ц
£
仰Ѹ뿪¥

¥ܿͶ뵽˽ŵ֮Сʱ㣬ѵӪӦѾʼˡ
ѵӪżһʼͺܸߣԺֻԽԽߣû㹻书Ǻѽȥġ
ҲҪүүٵˡ
һ壬Ĺǡ˴ԼĸϣҲǴبǹùáøǡ
ʼգһĹֻһˣǾԼүү
ΪʦеĽŵڣһӵдԴƽʱЩǸоġ
۸żЩССڣȨֱȲҦңҦܵԴҲԼöࡣ
ȴĴƵ۹аμĺţ
֮ԻֲЭΪеֻбүү׿ϣŻõԴϵб
ԼĴبܽ볯ܽùúСҲ
ԣǰүүվ֮ҲŻᵹô죡
ݲӹšүү
ˣûչ㹻õүү׿֮ǰﻹǺͨûʲô
ҪõԴбıǰˣͱҪõүү׿ϣ
ңķǵʥΪүү˽ʱĵط䱸ɭϣнػҪȥһҲֻһλᣡ
үүյʱ
Ҳһ֮ΨһĻᣡ
ϸ˼βܻүүϿɣ


56 һգ
ϸ֮ۡУӼʱ򣬾ʦ֮УһҲûš
ô鵽ʲô𣿡
չŵհһŽ˿ϣָһöɫİָͣתš
㡢ƯŮͣŷ硣
չţհһҲûţתתȥģ¡ҦҺˣҦүӸֶθɲ⡣
ռҪ˳糵ҦҺĴͱø硣
壬հصݸҦ磬ͬʱҲռҵݸҦҵͶ״ֻҪɺˣԼҦĹϵͻӽܡ
Ϊռδļ̳ˣֻҪҦĹϵˣռҺҦҵĹϵܲˣ
ҦҲǰǴʧհûȥעҲ֪ô¡հغռ˵ֻҪҦҦүӻ㲻ʲô¡
عӣһֱңСӵõǱʻƽ֮һֱӼ򵥡ǺѵõʲôȷϢ
˼ʱ򣬴һհǰһʮ꣬ݸ߸̽ӹӣĻر
Ӽ
հػعüͷ
ȫԤڡ竹ӽôǮѵӦóȥƵأ
Ӽɲķ
ǣǹ۲һ£ܹȥҲ߰˴ΡмΣΪ̫ԵʣԸ١εûи٣ȥκ𩡣
ݸ߸̽ӵ̽ӣռһкܶ࣬ݸ߸ֻ֮һ
һȺ˵ΪֹûзֱȦ˦ʵΪֻоУ̫࣬˶
ǵǷǸκвٶκƵ¥иģŪ˸Ķֵ÷з
ݸ߸̽ӻû˵꣬ͱհزͷĴˡ
Ҳʲôκ𩲻κģʲô֮ҲȤԺּëƤС£òŸһ㱨ˡҽˣһǧƽҾͲﲻ
ǣ
ݸ߸̽æסᡣ
⣬һµʱ࣬ϵҵĹӣ֮󣬲֮־ݣһȥҪǮҪүʮ֮ǰǺݺԴθͷ
հϣЦ
ǣӣ
ݸ߸̽ȥ

¥ĵĶڼ
ǧ
¥ıۣ
Է糾ﻹԥԥԼԼЩ˼µıۣǵ˼ͳ׷ȥˡ
ǧ˰ʱûڼǮһ͸ӲȥˣҪȻ񲻳ԩͷ
Ȼ¥ġ桱ڼ
죬һǧ
һʷǰۣ
κȥ۸ʱԼһ¡һʱûʲôо
Ǻǵʱκ𩶼ûʶΪ塣
޵һеļ۸ﳬˡһڶֻƽһǧ£һļ۸
ôᣡ
κ𩿴ԼȥıۣһܾõͻȻ֮ѹ׹⼸Լ׸ʲô
Ĵҵ˶סˡ
һжƤ·ģһʱǻȥҳӡ
֮彫۸񷭱ʱװףûʲô
ֱ¥Ǽֱɾ˵λ
ӣҪڣڻü
û֪κҳӵʱ򣬾żȡżһĵҵĸۡ
ɫһء
Ƕ֪ˣ
ԼҺ԰ĵطӼ˵ģһȭһЦĶ˵
ͼǰȣϵϢǿ˲٣
Ĺͣ
ӣ֪ԼʲôɲǿЦ
˵ɫû˿Ļͣһ㶼ûоЦжôĺЦ
һǧܹʮˣ˵ĻܹҪǧƽҲΪܹ֣
ɫһ࣬˵硣̫ˣʢʢ£
¥ĵĶɲʲôԺֵС£
˵һŪãͻΪǰδеĴΣŹһӢ¾Ҫˣ
ЦЦһƽ𣬵ڶһǧǧİ˵ͱһǧ
˼¶ɡһ磬һ־ļӪַ磬⻹һ涫ǰûԹ
ȺżԼûзѾн
ܵԼһɵĲһһƽϲôϲʣôܻܲʣ
һǱĬЧ
һʼͽȸֽһǧǾԴﲻЧġ
λΪһ䣿
˫ȭը죬һȭһͷҲغ͸˵
壬㻹֧ʳޡ߾ˣڼң⻹и¥̣˵оеĽ죬ǣ̫ˡⲻСҼңõġ
ҪǴãͻҴģ
ȡż찵ҡͷѾ᲻⣬ͲӮҴʲôңûгʲôʦ
ϣ岻ܶùЩҡţЩˡ
ڸԼ鷳Ҳڸ鷳
λĶ飬ǾͲصˡ첻һҪģʱһǵġ
΢΢Цɫݣû˿ı仯
ͿʯƾĿɴ֮£Լĵ
һ
Ĳϡգ棬ʱûܳԼ
ȸֹ˺ͿʯԼͷһԼһʱյ֮Ϲ۸ǿĳ̶ǿȸ
ʱȸʹĵ
˵ûкǵеĵûܹĵ٣ֵ֧ܳʳ߾گԼĴֵط
ţҽֶĶģЩǲȡż˵ġ
ӣ֮ǰʲôʱͨˣǡֻҪܰźͿʯԼǣǶ취İʧٵСǾżҵĵȻ˵µһӮǵҲԲ࣬Ҳٿ԰ﵽ㣡
˳̾Ϣг˵ǡ
廹̫ˣʢʢһЩ嶯ģƺ¥ĵĶõ֤
ֻϧǲǵȰ˵
ϣ鲻Ҫǣ̫㣡
֪ߵغûоܹ۵ĺӰֻϣҲҪ̫ܵĳ
ȡżг̾Ϣһܿȥ

⾩żңδʧΪһܺõĺ󣡡
ȵȡżȥվڻ԰һ˼
⾩żûеȵһг䶨֮侮ʯԼǰҵԼҪԼʧһ˵˸ӡͦõġ
δҪִеĳЩƻ˵żҵǺʵѡ
ţܿ뿪˻԰

䣬ת֮͵˵죡
ڵһʤʱˣ
а


57 ¥ϣ
߿գһ죬ϴɾȻֻһɾ޲ɫۣԼͿҪʵʴһЩ
Щųţˬ¥ķʻȥ
¥⣬Ⱥɽ˺⵶Ķһ죬֪˶˹ۿ
¥棬ȴԼκ𩡣
κߴκҵĻɫ԰ףͣȥͷ麹ֱðţҽ겻
̫ˣ壬ˣ
ոһκظ˾ҵĹһæӭȥ
ɫ˲١
С꣬ˡ
гκСеĳƺκ𩲻һů̬һЩ
ܿ죬κüͷ
壬ʮɲǿЦġںڣǻü
κ˵ʱŵķ
ȸֽ飬̹˵κû뵽ᷢչӡرʮԸı¥ʱκ˯á
飬κżˡæڳеһش飬ˡ
࣬ԼҪ
еʱκԵ塣ȸ飬ǴԸѾоܲˡ
ϱľƽǷծֱϰһǧ߰Ūãĸ࣬Ҫʮ
ھʦ֮Уûĸױôծ
ͨ˿;ֲŵɫ԰ףҹʧˡȻûһܰοԼ
κҪǻԼǾġ
İɣС꣬ʶôãҿֻԼԼԼҲʹ𣿡
Цһ˵ţһκļ
κĬС󣬵ȻΪˡʵϣˣҲڰָܸ߷ˣ
ǡ
κ𩻹˵ʲô
ûʲôǵģаţһֻҪ˵Ϳˡ
嵭͸¶һǿš
κĬƬ̣ĵ˵ͷ
¥ģ忴һֻۣ¥ͷܶв뵶Ķľ͸ϵ嶼Ҫöࡣ
¥Ȼֺģ¥ȴǾģ˭˭˭˭Ҳ˴͸һɾζ
٣µһ
ЦҡҡͷջĿ⣬κһ¥ȥ
壬ļ۸Ҫ𣿡
ľʵ̨ߵʱκЩʵ
ˣ
ҡҡͷ⵹»ڵĶ̫ࡣѾûбҪˡȻδȸֵļ۸᳴ʮƽһѣг£һǧѾǼˡ
ʲôиܵḶ́
ߵ̫࣬ͻʵ䷵

Źɫľ̨ϣκܿ¥¥ĴͷܶĴҵˣʦ¥̵ˣطϵңĵˣ飬ȫе
ЩҪ絽˺ܾá
κӣͣʱҲɣǱأҲý˰ɣ
κոյ¥˵ע⣬Աߵ壬ˡ
λⲻ𣿡
κ΢΢һЦԱһվóͷһͷҲһôãͷͷκҲ뿪ˡ
ĶѾɶ֣뷴ҲˡȻˣ̹һ㡣
ˡ
κһ䣬İ淽Ŀ˲伯еϣһɲͷܶ¥ϣȻôƬ̵Ŀհڡ
һ˫˫۾壬˴㵡ȣţСɣ
ǾǱˣ
̼ҳϳȻ̤ǰһ壬һĲš
κ¥µʱ򣬺ܶ˶ˣǸûȥ˿¥ֳôķ粨ԷҲǸʮˡ
û뵽ԷȻֻһʮ߰꣡
̫ˣ
ң
嵭㵱һȺеġСҲ޾ɫ
ʲôЦ
˸죬ʲô˾ôһδɵˣ
㵡
ߺߣСӣҲʲôͷһϣõóһǧƽ𣡡
УһӰ˳׻¥޴ƹݺݵĶ壬ĿһĲơ
һģҴ¥̡
¥һһۣԾʦĽ¥˺ܴӰ졣رЩִҵ֮ţĴ¥̸衣
һΣ¥һó¥ĵǲμⳡĶΪ˱ģҪƻҵصġߡһѵ
ֻҪɱЧȣܶԺãάʦڽ¥̵Ȩ͵λ
ģ˾ô˵棬ѵܵ˲ɡǣ1200ƽ׼𣿡
嵭
ƨ
¥̵ƹȻŭúӶˡ˵仰Ǿǵļһã壬һˣֱ衣
һǧƽѡǻֻҪ£ʱȥ
ͨ죬Ťͷȥ˵ˡ
ӣ
˵עʱƿɲǣȡż˸ϽһߣС
ҪڣڻüǾżм԰æ͵͵ȥ
ⳡĶͬоżңҪ侮ʯ漰µһżҲܲο
黹Σڵĵ塣
ܻ֪жӰ죬棬ǣеĵ˶ʧܣͬСɰ
ĶûʽʼĻˣ
˳̾ҵĲѡ
Ѿȥˣ˶оóҰ˿¶֪¡
¼һżŪģ
ʲôĿģȵ·Ҫһģʱ򻹲֪ҪĲ
ȻҪͿʯĺͬһ¹һ£ҲԸܵǣ
ˣ˵ĸоһ˵ͰѺͿʯĺͬˡ
֪ԼѺͬҲûáΪɮǲġ
˫ڼ۸ϸܴһ¡
ңȡż첻֪һʼûΪԼ䡣
λлˣ˵Ҫһǵģ
ίľܾ

˳̾Ϣ֪Ȱ壺
ȻˣϣԸԳɡ
תʧ䡣
˵ıӰĬڻΪһȵǼʶȸͲôˣ
̧ͷգ̫ҲԶˡ
ˣ
аһ˴˹ȥ
䣡
վ¥¥룬еʱȺˡ


58 ȫ
쿴쿴ʼˣ
Ǹĸҵ˾ȻǸʮˣ
ô죬Ҫҿǲڲˣ֪ʲôȻֵһƽ𣡡
һһǧҪ˾͵ÿô࣡
찡ǲǵ
ϻǵĴҲôƵ𣿡
ϧһ

⣬ɽ˺һƬ֡ļӪ˶¥¥ϵǰѱ浽˼㡣
ʲôı˿
ʲôıеʷǰһĸ߼ۣ
ڣڵ˽¶𰸵ʱˡ
λ׼𣿡
ŶɽХת¥ڵˣ
˭һǧƽĻᣡ
壡
ӦһôЦ̼ҵĳϳ඼̲סЦһƽĵʼʱûڷǵһǧǾ͸Ӳˡ
ҪȻԵúɵ
ˣĬС㻹ժĵҵĺڲɣ
ôҿֵһǧƽı
֪˭͵¥ڶʱһЦ
Ҫ˵ʲôһǧǷˣ
ԣԣԣڿǧİ˭Һ˵˵Ӹ
СӣôˣòҪܰɣ
ٺ٣ܵ𣿣

¥һƬϷʺͺЦ˷һĿеͲм
ֻĪºԷ糾û˵
˿˼
壬û𣿡
κĳɫֱò԰
İɣ
صκļ򣬺ԥ֪ΪʲôоļᶨκͻȻ˺ܶࡣ
ܺãȻûôھͿʼĶɣ
̧ͷ
һȣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ̧ͷֻһϤӰֿȺ˳
ԣ
κƤһ˲˳˲ǱˣȻͷ£˵廩ȡ裬ȺĻƼӵܻԡ
ٺ٣СӣĶ㷢Ĳ١ĶҲиĶĹأ
Цûʲôӡ˵Ҳô
˵ʲô
岻ɫ
ô൶Ķѵҿһ𣿴óĶǼּʤˣҲһЩۣȱڣӮҲûʲô˼ˡ
ˣһ⣬ҸȱһķȣܿȲ˿£ȫԼҲ˶˵𺦡ǿô
Ե
⣡⣡
ԵĽõ˺ܶ˵Ӧ
ȱɣϺŵð죬ֹӲҷԿ
һʮ꣬ؿĴվ˳һָ¥ŵԼұ⡣
ߣҲó֣ϣ֮գĵԿһ
Ǳһ䣬ͬеطϵվҫӡ
ˣǸ¥¥Ѫӣ죬ıֱӿ
Ĵ¥Ҳվˣܿ죬¥˼ҵ磬һЩﲻǺܾҲ˽
һЩ࣡
÷ЩȻüңǴ̶ܽȶᳬ硣
Ҳ˵Щ˵ĵֻܿѡЩҲѾ󣬱ǿ׿ˡ
óۣЦЦЩҴǰ̫ˣǿԼĽͻ֪ʲôı
ˣòô鷳
ͻȻ˶δ䣬κļ򡣺߻⣬ͻȻһݣͻȻͬһڵ㷭¥¥ˣ͵Ծһץס¥úڲȸֽ
ﬣ
һʯԽĽ𣬰֮Уһ˻ûзӦôͿκ˽һͬһʯһȻ£¥ǰɽϡ
¡¡𶯣̳
ٶͻ¥⣬ɽ纣Ⱥע⵽ͻȻıʣȻ֮䰲
ﬣ
ڹ̳Уκ󣬴һܼĽʮ¥ϲμӵĶȫнضϣ⡢ȫӿ׹ڵϡ
ź¡һ̳УһߵĳءɽͻȻһΪݵȥϿڹ⻬羵
ˣ
¥⣬ɽ纣ĹڿһĻһɵˡȺĵģѻȸ
ţ¥ϣҲһĻһվ¥ϣŵôģ˵ˡ
žգ
Ī±һֱһöǶź챦ʯıָ̰ʱָ˶֪
ž
һļž
һɲǣ¥ǰһƬţԺһƬհףһ𾪵˵һ⧲ķʽһ춯ص𺳣
䣡
ڶݵļž֮ȺڷӦͻȻһɽѵľ
찡һﵽ׸ʲô
ȻһɽǶٴ磬ʮ磬һٴ磿ôôĵ
ֹɽЩ¥ϵЩЩɶÿһѶǴëϷȻһʮѣ
ô˿µ

ͻһĻ˶ˡ
˶ڿЦ˽»ЦǸɵϡⳡĶûΪӮΪ켼
˭Ҳû뵽ǣⳡĶȻӮˣ
ˣ
¥һ˿ǰ壬б˻Ҫ𾪡̡ơ³Ĵĳϸ°ͶҪˡ
ôܣ
Ĵҵзڵɽһ㡣ζĶ֮ǰĴ˶Цڻȡ衣Ĵҵ˸ڰ⵱һչʾĴ屦Ļᡣ
˭Ҳû뵽Լĵᱻ忳ϣ
ҵĵⲻܣ
ͻȻһд¥ϣ׻¥ƹͻȻһԾ£˵ϣϵİص⣬һĺС
ɫ԰ף˶Ҫһ
ǰ׻¥¥֮Ȼô˿ˣ
˼ֱ޷ܣ
ܡһʮСôѧô֮
һôĵ
ȡżѾǰһĻˡ
棬ֻǶĵϸ֪׵ġҲΪˣɵĳŻ
Źһûʲô֮˵˶벻嵽Ǵѧô֮
һɲǣͻȻʶԼµ͹壬Ǵĵ͹ˣ
Ϳʯ¿Ҫˣ
һɲǣԺͬͷ
վ¥¥ľ


59 ֿȣ
ⳡ粨ڽ֮ǰ˵ȫһ־硣
ʼգǾѹûӮڸոգǻһֱȰ˵壬ϣܷζĶ
ΪˣżԼĵĵʧٵ١ֻҪ彫ǽͿʯԼͬżңǻ԰ҽʧٵ١
ȻΨû뵽ǣȻӮ
¥ϣ˶ɵˡ
ǰһ̵ʱڿӣĶԡĶķʽеĶһ̣Ǹһ컹˵ɡȡ衱ļһԸɴһնʮչֳѹԵʵ
һﵽʲôˣ
һɲǣֻйɺӽŵֱðͷ¥ŵĿ£
γԱȵǣ¥ȴֺġȺУССĵ˿⾪һĻʮһ㡣
¥ĵĶＸеĵˡ⼸ȻûʽеԾк͵ĶйصĶ˲
¥ҵĵǸԱݵλеġκһȻֻʮʮȴһ⣬¥Ժյĵ
Щһǳţ
ȸֽǰЩһȫ۶ˡ
⵽ʲôȻֵز
һƬȻЩССĽ¥ҲˣǾȻơ³̡ŵȼҵĶҲնˣ
֮ǰ˶ġ
һɲǣʱ·ֹˣ˷˵Ŀ⼸ǲԼͬĶе¥ǰеκŵȸϡ
ڵ£˵һμʶϵĵһȸ
һصĳԼң
ӵɫͬˮƹһı棬ӵûɫ컨ƣͬˮһ쳣
ķڽնʮ֮󣬽ϾȻûκεˣһĵ۶ûС
ֱӲĲ˼飡
ֹˣŽʵĺڲҲκ˺ˣ¶ĵǺɫģӲȥһĽ˿ľһɫľƤ
ͨ˿߷󡢻
⣬гĵͬĽϣǶ˺ɫ觡ɺɫʯ
ЩʯǼ򵥵Ƕ棬ǰĳѧĹɣһ֦ŵĺ÷ͼ
һɲǣ˶ĵʶˡرЩȺﵶˣһͣ˵
ûһϻô˼ЩʯԿóǶʱ˲ٵʱ䣬޵ĵ˵ȫǲġ
˶֪ؼǵǵʡ¹ˣᱻΪǻڣʵġ
ޣûκһҽ¥̣ڣڵϻôĹ
Щʦڵ϶һ򣬵ҲᵽֵزǶڵϵЩʯ¶Ҫƽˡ
ֹˣȸֽĽҲ˹򣬻ֽģ˺ɫϬţǣ⣬ͽһͬǶıʯ
ֵǻ˱ˣһᱻ˵ǻʵˣڣʶȸﻹ˸˵һ仰
ýȻǺý޾Ȼ˷ĵ
¥ϣĪ¿࣬Ȼվ
ⳡĶһֱһֺɵ̬һɲǣĪͻȻ֣ԼСⳡĶˡ
֮ûаĵ۶ߵļǮֵõġΣһҪһȥ
Ī¿κеȸֽѩޱȡ
Ʒͬĵ໥ڶԷĵϿӣһһǾԲֵܳġ
ҪﵽЧһƷʱԶԶһرͬͷһ
Īо仰ûи˵ʵȻ֧ģ֧֮һ
ܴ֧ˮƽ
ıȻһնԼ֧ȻıԼȲǸ߳һ㣬ȫ߳һ
֮һ޴ĺ蹵
֮׬ˣ
ĪмޱȡĵϣһֳԽ֧һʱļա
ļܴ֧ȥƹ㣬Ƕƽ޷
һ̣ĪвǿҵԸһҪǰδеĵ
Ī²ͬģһˡ
Ī²һԷ糾עĸκеȸֽκ֣¥ʼԷ糾һֱעı¥ǰκģһߵġɽ
̫ˣһֻܿ壬ȻܹնһɶߵɽҪǻսϣһ˴ףնϣ
Է糾ǹ͢Ľκһ֣Է糾̸оļֵĽ̫ˣĵһ֧ӣŵսϣɱ񣬷ɱ
ֹˣԷ糾뵽һ顣
ХһֱһǰѩѹңװϣȫĶܹ֡һıһܹڹڵͳѡϣѹס
Է糾ǰıӰĿ˲Ϣͷ
Է糾ֻ壬ֹǵ򽣡ڽ棬Է糾иͷХ졣
ͱԷ糾곤һЩԷ糾һҲͬǽڵĽ졣
֮ϵǳңԷ糾ͻХǷͬģžϵϵ
Է糾ͻХʼʵԩ޳Է糾ҲΪϵ֮͸Ӧû̫Ĺϵ
ϻХԼ곤ڹڣԷ糾һֱá
ǲ֪ΪʲôХƺرĳԷ糾ָĳӵܣԷ糾ãûúãХΪųܡ
ֹˣХԸرĵˡֹڹԷ糾ԶһƴѹԷ糾ߵĲºѡ
ǰԷ糾ãǺķԷ糾ĴɡӴͬˮ𡣼֮ͻȻȱһͳλãɶѡԷ糾ͻХ졣
ʹ˵Ĺϵӵĳҩζ
鷢չ˶˽ȥֹԷ糾ͻХ죬ͬ˵Ĳ¶һ˴ﰵĻϵֵ÷ǳ
鷢չڣ˭Ҳû·
Է糾츳ϧХռ곤ƣһǰıʹԷ糾ںʼλ·硣
֮ǰһΡдݺݵһϵ彣ˣ
Է糾ܵݼΪԼļ塢£ͬʱҲΪǰ;ҪһѹƻХı
ֻǣХеѩƷʵ̫ߣʦЩ¥ıҵ޷֮ȡ
Է糾ܱССĽ¥̣Ҫʧˡֱ¥
ҪܻХ죬ΨһϣˡΣҶһҪõǱ
Է糾һ¥ϣԼնϵıһ˿ᶨĹâ

˹עκеȸֽʱ¥һУ˶һ
¥˵ĵطһӴȻһץס¥ϵһ೤˽һȻˣĿ֮У̩ɽѹ֮¥ǰֳȸֽκն˹ȥ


60 ᣡ

Ⱥ󾪺һͻܶ˾Ҳ
ã
κһŰˡողŰ˵ģһնɽû뵽˻֡
ΪߣԼΪĶ֣
ˣ
ʯ䣬룬κ𩼸Ǳܵ˫߸߾ٹͷ
ﬣ
һΪϵɳʮԶ
ܣʮôܻбһҪӲĵ
׳еİضϽƺܵ˼ݼδ䣬۵һѪͷ͵
κŷӦӴ󺺲ǳԼģǳԼеȸֽġ
ֵܴĽµһ˭һԣ
κĬƬ̣ͻȻתеȸֽ߸߾Ժޱȡ
һԣκһֱĵǵȲһֵ
Ȼκû뵽ԼֵܾȻôô
ôҴ壬¥̣ûһܸԼֵȡ׺ݵֱӾͱѪˣƺ޷бԼĵ
ֵܣκоԺޱȡ
ҵֵܣҵֵܣûУûУ
κվ¥ǰɷֱ޲ð仰ȫ
ûǲұȣҾʹֵܸǱȣ
κЦͻȻһ϶¥ڶ¥Ͻһ̤Ѹ¥
ã
¥ϣһμӶĶҴӦһʧɫ
һȣ
䣡ˣ
Цš³ơļҶǶ֣˵ЩСŵˡ
ĶǱȲˣٻܱԼĵ
ৣһЩ˶ͼȡԼĳϧѾˡﬣУһ¥ʣµʮҲһնΪוּȥ
ЩһﻹҳЦֵܣ
κڿһȵϣץȸֽ˹Ц
죬κֱܹЩ˵䣬ЦڻôһᣬŲŹء
κӣǺαأѾ䣡
һԵطĳ϶κ𩣬ɫѿޱȡˣͳֽѵһˡ
κκĹӣԺգֵܹġ
ôˣٺ٣֮ǰЦֵܣ˵δɣҲķݰɣ
κ
ɫһ䣬տڲᡣ
ˣκɡ
Цֵ
Χ˵ķӦҲ֪һĶȫﵽԼĿġ
飬κ𩷭ˣڵϣģȸֽϺâ˸âһָԺЫ׷ȥɵѡ
Ľޱȣܹɵһնһһ˶ߵɽı䵽ԼϣҲ׵ͱϺü
ΪٸߣҲܱȸҪӲ
һЦЩ֮ǰ̬ȣ֮𰡣
壡
κ𩳤ʣ塣жҲﵽ˶㡣
εĶĸһľϲ
˵ϴڰָԼܸ߷ɣκ𩼫ôĶκͶˡ
֮ǰɮǷ¾ƽľ޿ڰǷһǧ߰ƽټεĶеԼʮƽƵ⳥ա
кȸйص飬ǰǰһȫκԺ
κ𩲻òϣСԼһ𳤴ĻһԼûеʡ׼һ֮չֳĳƼ͵ʶκģ
Զ֪һ̣κ𩽨˶ľ
ˣλĶѾӦѾûĵˣչأÿ1200ƽԸλݵλӦòʰɣ
ת˵
һΣģȻûκ˵˶ǰֻʮסˣ
߸׼ȷ˵Ǳеȸֽסˡ
ƹھʦ㣬ʶ˶࣬ͽˡ鷳ҰеĶɣ
ӷģϡ
ﴫһ塣
κ𩣬߰ɣǺúȥ
Цһ䣬ڣûͨ뿪ֱӴ¥¥Ծȥ
ٺ٣¥6׻9ף϶ֵ˰ɡ^-^
κһЦȥ
䣡
¥¥⣬ȺʱһҵĻ
쿴Ǹˣ
һãһáҿ
ƨ£µһµһȻôСһˣǳʶˣ
˲ò࣬ˮɶһ˾ȻôҡţҪĿãֱţ

Ⱥ֮ǰڿࡢ䲻ͬն֮ǰǸ֪ߵغġɵϡһб޵أθ
ЩãҲ˵κһͣȥ
һȣ
¥ϣͻȻҪߣԷ糾˵ͻȻһݣʹ¥ȥڣ׷˹ȥ
ӣĵҪˣԸƽ𣡡
Է糾ָն
䣡
ȺһƬȻƽȻԸƽһһһ
ıۻҪߣ
Ȼû˴Ӿ޴зӦһ¥ϴ
ǧӣԸǧı
ǧ־һʯͷȺ֮У޴κһ󣬲ˤһӡ
ͬͣ˽¡
ǧı߳ǧԷ糾Ҳɫ΢΢һ䣬Ťͷֻһͷӵ˴¥
˲Ǳˣ֧Ī£
ӣҶﾴ⡣֮߳δġܰǰѵҡ㽫ĪԶѣ
Īµָأϡһ
ˣǷ˰ɣǧƽ𣬾ȻΪһѽǮʮӶˣ
ǽٷҲòŻôǮɣ

¥ϾۼȺ۸񾪴ˡرЩˣֱԼĶ䡣
һӵĵˣ֪ļ۸Ȼܴﵽƽ𣬶ҾȻҪ
ͬģ¥һȺҡţдССĽ¥ƹ񡣺ȻǰһĻǸûϵġ
ǶûʲôøеĻԣʱҲģ˵
۸ƽ⣬Ѿ֪롣һӶûнӴֲε⡣
ڳҵĳϣȻû˵һɫأ͸ǰδеĹע
Ǳܵģ˶оǰһĻԺļңе޴Ӱ졣
ٺ٣
ĪѰ˷˵ķӦ۵סǧһЩ˿϶Ϊˡ
ֻĪ²֪ԼһôѵõĻᡣ
пĲһѽһֳԽʱģ̾Ϊֹĸ߳
ǿģҲ޷κνǮġ
ȵּ֧Ǿͻ֪һʶô
Īа

Īתһͷʱ򣬶ͻȻһʯ쾪ȴԷ糾ˣֱӴﵽ
Ī£ʱɫҲ΢΢һ¡


61 ˫˫ܾ
ǧ
Ī¿ڵ
ǧ
Է糾ԥ
ǧ
Īҧ˵ĸǳġƽĪ˵Ҳһʾ޴֡
Ī²ףǰ֪ʲôݵļһΪʲôҪôǮԼһѽ

Է糾شն·˵ȥĲĻƽ𣬶ֻһ֡
ԼҲǮ
ΣԷ糾һ֧ǰơοͳλþκνǮԺġ
ͳĿ޵ģÿʱ򶼻ġһ˽ͳ죬͵ڴ˽֮ţԺиĻᣬӴĹԴҲܽߵλá
Щܱͨȵġ
ҪǣХ죡
һǧ
Īҧġ
ˣǲǵģ
Է糾ҪʱͻȻתͷ˵һ˴ޱȣʼϲĻ
һ䣬ԭֺȺͻȻһƬžеĿⶼϡ
Ϊʲô
㵣ѿڶ
ƽôߵļ۸Ѿı۷ͨ˿ѾϲԽˣͲѵȥˡ
Ȼܾ
ѵ¥Ϊ˰ѵȥ𣿡
Է糾
ôߵļ۸ΪʲôأԹӲǺ𣿡
ĪҲ
ĻĴ˸һֲĪܻǿľߣǶΨû뵽˾Ȼ
˵ֻʱ䣬ܿÿֻһʱʱ䣬ʱڣѹһʱʱ䡭ҲѾˣ
ָָ¥
һɲǣԷ糾Ī£¥ϵĳࡢԵ˶һƬ㵡ȷʵڵһ˵أ
ĵֻ죬ܿÿֻһʱ
飬˭Ҳûȥ˭Ҳû뵽ھȻΪرܾ
κ𩣬߰ɣ
ûĪºԷ糾кһκ𩣬תߡһΣκû壬ЦЦתߣ첽塣
һȣǿԸĵġӣԸߵļǮ
Īںе
ЦЦĪµĻδšʮɵľһζ˦档
䣡
Ⱥ׵ˡ
ˣҪˣôˣǮҪ
ǿƽ𰡣Ǽһﵽô룿
𣿱Ϊʲô㲻ҪǸҰ
ˣ֪ѽôֵǮһʱҾˡ

Ⱥ󡰰оҪˡû֪ôںܶ˵Ļᣬôɴľܾˣû˿Ķ
彣ϵЩıʯܶ˸ǻڵĳӶҪˣһض㡣
ȸֽǶıʯҪƽ𣬵ǵôΧۣȻûһ֡
û뵽ѽȻôֵǮ
һ뵽㣬Щ˸ǸоʹķΡ
ЩӵܣǮǿ찡ʲô׬һǮ
ȻȺֺʱûע⵽ȺĽһʮ꣬꣬ҵһģӣͣĬĬע뿪ķ
û֪ʲôʱģҲû֪ʲôֻ֪ӦĿĶĹ̡
ʮÿһǧƽ𣬼ǧİƽһʾ޿
ķ˸һЩ˵ζ
ѧʱ˴һӵʮҪָͷһӣȴǼ죬붼룬ͺ׵ļⳡĻȡ档
кٺٵЦţͻȻǽҡҡλεվȻķ˹ȥ

û
꺣¡ָ¥һİƽ𣬶κĬĬš
ƲǸСĿκ˻Ҳҡκ꺣¡ɡ
ǧİƽҲƽĿҲԶˡ
˵Ķ⣬о˺ܶࡣ
һһĶԼ׬˽ӽƽʼʼϲġ
ܾƽһξ룬һҲżеһУԼı
飬ҾͿȫ㣬ר书ˡ
а˫ֱźףɣȥббĿǽϡ
Լ巽ѹ̫ˣΣӰΣһߴͿȫ̽䣬ҷ
£Ͳҷġ棬ȻҲûа취רȥ
ڣ˼Σ˺ͿʯΪԼδʵĻ
ӴȫڿԺˡ
壬ո¥ϣôݣ㹫Ļոտ϶ܼ鷳
κͻȻڵڻ벻סЩһ֪ҵ̬ȾԻȻͬ
òţ
ЦּëƤСԼͿˣҪ磬Ҳ̫û־ˣ
κ΢΢Ȼ㵹û뵽ġ
Է糾أƽ𰡣ϧôõĻᡣ
κһʹ
Ȼľôƽʧۣ֮лǸоǳĿϧ
κĻǵЦݸ
ģܲˣ

Щ飬岢ûϸ˵κ𩲢֪ε֮²ܿĹأΪѹû׼ѵȥ
ʽӪַĹؼǾ׵ҵθڡոӦԷ糾ҪƽȻԵ֣ȸֽԺҲȥˣҲ۸
Բġ
Է糾ѹͲġȸֽ֮ԨԵζܲ
ЩʱģҲúκ˵
꺣¡ǳЧʣֻһǧİƽѾϡһᵽһᵽκκĸֻţں档
ӣˣ
꺣¡ƿӣ˽˵ͷһӣ¥ǰǰʻȥ
ʲôأô·ģ۾
չһ䣬ոʻʮףͻȻǰһɧű㴫ĺȳƺʲô˳嵽¡
κ𩻹ûзӦǿһű㱻˴ǿдˣһֻ˽Ȼκ㿴һ㣬ģ䱹ͷ­
λӣҵǮɡģһ־ݣỹǵġ
ƣ塢κٺЦ


62 δġ

κŭЩ켣о֮УӲĻûʲôøСʲô־ݣʵǻпڣǰðҪ
κû뵽Щ쵨ô󣬾ȻǿסԼҪǮ
Ͽ߿ײүǲˣ
꺣¡ҲվĹүĳӱǿ£һ翪ţҲǻðɡ
ЩҵѹƵĵƦ죬Ǿ
꺣¡𣬾Ҫִ˵ӣǻģɫһϣƺЩ¡
ǺܿһЦƳһۣһ߸ϵӣƺǲм˿мܿһۣӵͷתһ࿴˵壬ֺٺЦ
ٺ٣λӣòãһ˲ţȻǹ֮ǮҰɣģһỹġ

꺣¡ɫһڵһըͻȻһǿҵƣһ죬һѾͿסģӵ֣һҪӳȥ
꺣¡Ǿеĸ֣Ȼսˣʵò۵һʵȻͨ˿ɱȡ
һӣٿ԰ӳȥʮɣһͷ
һȣ
ͻȻסˡ
屾£Сκ꺣¡ڣòĵġǻһ仰ǻȴͻȻһ
仰ʵ̫Ϥˡ
ӣòãһ˲ţȻǹ֮Щ幫ӡӵܵʱһλϹЦݣͬǻ־ԵĿͷϵظ
Ȼ仰˶֪һλ˵仰ʱ޳⡣
ͬһ仰ڼʮϰٵǰϵظһġ
УҲһΡȻֻһΣȴԶļסˡ
ȻԺûмˡ
ŤͷϸĴģӡһۣϲӣȫûӡ
ǵڶۣͷ£ŵģЩ̱ı־촽ʹһŵĺʱȻһ˳

忴ǰģӣٿȻɲ
û뵽ԼȻһ¼еǸˡ
ͼǸ緢ǵȣǰλǣ̫ˡ
壬ôˣ
κȻӸովʹﲻ˵Ҳ֪Щʲô뷨ЩûбҪᣬֱӳȥǣҲ֪Ϊʲôס꺣¡
˰֣ûж˵
꺣¡ſ

˻⣬Ȼ֣ǰ˵ģɿӡ
ҪǮ
忴ģӵȻͼеĲһϸʱûе־ֻһܵز죬ǵһʱ䡣
ƽĶۣһӡʵáƼɣαرǾˣҲûһŵ㡣
ʱһ˿ԵδԼңƣԼԼļƻ˵
ʮƽɣԣʮʮһɣ
ǻģӿھʮƽ𣬿ûзԣһ·ϼӣֱӼӵһƽ
ƨ
ûпڣκȴ̲סƿڴˡһ㵱ͭǮһ֪Ļ죬ַ׷ǹʣȻҿھͽһƽ𣬼ֱд
κҴģǳ¥׬ǧİƽġ
Щʵǵ̫ˣȻթõҺκ
κ𩣡
ס˷Сͷһ۳ᣬڸǵĺڲֱӴֳһƽ˳ȥ
һǧƽҲ㻹ȥɡ
彫ƽƵǰ
һɲǣᶼκ𩡢꺣¡ͬǰҵ˶ԾĿ塣
û뵽ôľͰһǧƽ·һزʶĻ졣
ҵģ
ǻģӶ۾һĳԾȻĸˣҸı˵ĻҪĶࡣ
ҿ˵ѵ𣿡
Ц
壿
κ̲סеǮҲֻܸ찡ǵǴˮƯ
лл
κ˸ͻֻ§ӡϾȻɵӣԼһǧƽϵݱ
ĵ׿㳯ĻиССĽ顣ʨĶһ׿СأֻҪĹȥýŰ߻ʨ˾û϶ֽˡ
§ӵʱͻȻЦĿڵ

ɨƽȻֹǻ͵̧ͷͣһļӡ
ô֪
ʼնû˵ԼϲĲû˵Լȥʨ档벻ףʮô֪ȥķġ
ңʨѣǿųȥġ
Ȼ˵ʨǧ
ϲڽʨôãûʲôᡣôص飬Щʨ϶ͽ֪һʮСô֪
ʲô⾩ﻹûү֪飡
꺣¡ȳȻǻģһģ꺣¡ȴһ㶼֡
⾩ﻹûжԼү֪飬ΪԼүǰ֮һ
꺣¡ˡ
ЦŰ˰ֹ֣ˡʨЩδ¡𣬺ܶܶܡ
ΪسܵıԼˡ
ڣӦûû˷֡
¥ôһķ˽ʨ¥һ벻ʲôĵط⣬ľ⣬ʵõİ취ǲҪȥģ
仰ָ£㻺ǰʻȥ
һκλδġӴһǧƽ㹻ˡܶ鶼ǹ̲ģ˵̫࣬δؾǺ¡
⵽˭ҵĹӣ֣
ǻģվԭأĬĬĿʧԶһ仰Ҳ˵
ȻǣЩӵܣôۡΪԲ޼ɵ
Ǹ꣬Ǹʮꡭӡ̫Źˡ
أѵɵӣȥһ档
ģӽĻƽصʵʵȻԶȥ
С˵˴ھҪλͲ׷Ϊʲô§һٽĶˡ^-^
ҿ쿴˭ˡү
ٺ٣ǹүӻǻҹأ

ģӲŸո̤ʨĴһôЦ˷һȺȺͽƺϤһļ
˷ĹЦͣ½Ųһһ졣
Щۿ˵͵Ļ쵰ҳһ죬ҪȵĽ£
ģкݺݵ
ǿѹͷŭ⣬§Žӣһ̨ȥ˼һתŶȥȴͻȻ֮ȥǰ˵Ƿ


63 ̼Ҽ
;·粨ֻһصС£嶼Ѿһǧƽ˼ңκҲûٶ˵
¥κ𩣬꺣¡һ¥һȣףһ١
ȻûзңھһȦȻִɮ齵ĵط鱦̡
λʦܹǧƽȫµĲ֣֮ǰԼһ֮һʱԸʳʽ͵ȥ㿴ɺã
ҵ˰ȡУǧĻƽ˵ķӲӵĻƽѵڷҫۡ
ԣԣ
ϲԽһգ¥ϵĶʱҲ͵͵ĹȥˣֻǻȺûгְˡ
ͨһ麣Ϳʯɽ󣬾Ȼüǧƽ𣬶Ը˵ֱ顣
Ǵ۽磡
ѾóϷڸոգ˻дһţĸĴ˾Ƽȫ
ڣòƽ˶Ըˡ
˲ţ̶ܹȵͿʯļ۸񣬼ֱѵĺѡʳ֧޷⣡
˴ӦЦЦһжƻһֻҪõеӦʣʱͻԣܶࡣ
ңҪѼĻƽ𻻳ʳ˵ȥ󼢻ĵ⣬Ȿһ󹤳̣ʱҪʱ䡣
£ǴҪĿġ
λʦ300͵ĿʯʱòȽλʦܡ⣬ֲδͿʯȻܶ˵졣֪δǴɺʱλʦܲһ֮

죿
Ļƺɮеļɻ䣬һ𣬺üĿڡݵͻȻŷһӴƣ꺣¡Ҳ鲻Խȥһľ
ҵҪʲôǵĺͿʯӷģͿʯǱ£
նͿʯϵǧ˿ڣ˶ָúͿʯصʳȥĴ󼢻ġ
ˣɳִɮһĸ֡
˸Ҵžƽԭʯıܡûй˵ı£ô
˵ǡǡ˵ļɻ䡣ǾԲġ
кøߵΪ
忴ϱŷƣҲǰľ
Ȼ˵ĺɮ󲿷ֶΪ£Ҳû뵽Ϊôߡ
꺣¡ԶԶǵĶ֡
ã˺ͿʯܵõĸԼ˵ٺòˡ
λʦǾͶлˡͽˣ
幪һȻſػƽһϧκ𩣬һ뿪鱦̡

¥ĵĶѽںܶ˵ķ粨ȴԶԶûн
巵լۡʱ򣬾ǳ̼ҵĴԺһΧŰһ˸ߵɽ˰졣
ߡɽǱģ崣¥ţһΪɽ̫أЯһ
ǶڵĿȸֽǾһ˵ɽȴһ޼֮뿪֮󣬾ǳ̼Ҽȡһݣһݣ򱻱ȡߡ
𣿡
ɽΧȺ飬ֹоǳ̼ҵĳϣ곤ʦ̼Ҽ̺鶼ˡ
ôҡңĵ˶μˡȴһ۵Ӯˡ
һķâ̫ʢ̫ˡǳ̼Ҽң˵һնô
̼ҳԾ޷ܵģһɽ
նôԽܣԳֻ̼Ҫùδδ׷϶ԷĽŲ
նһһ˶ߵɽͲͬˣǴһ۷壬һԽ۷塣
ʱûκһˣһҿһ㡣̡š³Ƽҡ
ǴһֳԽʱա
ּ֮䣬һɿԽĺ蹵Ǽʮ׷ϵģ
Ľó̼ҺѽܣǵĵһӦ⡰šܡɽϿ϶Ƕֽš
ԶĶ֮󣬳̼ҳϳŻһ˰ɽ˻س̼լۡ
Ѿ۲ܾãɽϵк۹⻬羵Ȼһ壬ȫһȥġԲ˹ܹлɵġ
һ߰ףСĳ̼ҳϺ۾Ѿ˺ܾˣÿһÿһϸ۲죬ûܿκεһ˿
ΪڵϽʮʦڽйһ㡣ȷɽûб˶ֽš
ֹˣϸ۲ɽ׶˵кۺͶ˵кûκεĲҲûκ滺ļ󡣻仰ɽ㹻ߣ¼ȥ
һ̼ҳϵı΢΢ţֲڵϣϸܵơΪ̼곤ĳϣڷ棬ķӵоԵȨ
У
Χ󵹳зصˣһĶǺܶûȥģҲûĿһӡ
ǽɽѾǺܴˡЩᡢ곤ʦ˵һڵϣʵǺ񣬵ʲôĵȻֵز
뵽УǱô֮ȻûܵκεĴˣһĻ۶ûУ͸˾ò˼ˣ
ںܶһӵʦ˵飬ֱ޷⡣
Ժﾲĵġ
λ˵Լļ֮ǳ̼ҵľȫ˳Ĭ֮Сͳ̼Ҽ̺ˣɫѿޱȡ
̼ҵҰľҪѹңΪҡһֱ̼Ϊв;żҡƼһ³ҡ
û뵽ʤľȻһ֪ʲôСӡ
ȡҵı
̼Ҽ̺ͻȻڵ

һ仰һ˾ʧɫ̼ҳϳҲɫæȰ裺
ɣвΪ洫
ڳ̼ңıֻһѣǾǳ̼ҿʦƵ屦ıȻ˵ǼʵϣǷϣҹ㹩ȡ˵ʹˡ
Ǽĸֻһľͷ̼ҶóáҪȻҪŪһĻֻۣôСҲǾ޴ˡ
˵ҵı
̼Ҽֱ̺ۣٴεһΣ˵֮ǰȻͬȻѾˣԼ
ڼУûκ˸Υ
ܿ죬һ̼ӵһ͹ӣͨɢŨζĹŽ˳ȥ
ӳг̼ȫͷһη
ϣ
ʣһɺһԺʱ¿񽵣ɭĽâ纣һɢƵ˷׷׺ˡ
̼լԨɳ̼ҳʦ죬ޱȣǳ̼ҵһ
ﬣ
̺ץסԨһҧݺݵնȥ


64 ˷ע
Ԩһ˶ߵİߡɽ·ˮһʿһ룬߾ݶԨҲȥ
ɫ䡣̼Ҽ̺ҲһæԨ˳ķӦѾܿˣڡԨ̶ĽҲּƻۡ
ȻֶϸûжԱԨӰ죬Уȴ̲סʹ
ɳ̼Ҵ˼֮ǳ̼ҵκһ˿һ覴ö˵Խܵġ
峤
̲סǿõԼΧֽ¿覴ûˡ
ȻΪʼٸߵĳ̺һֻŽĿ⿴ŽϵĻۣģδţƺܵ˾޴ݼ
һ룡ֻܴﵽһĳ̶ȣԨǳ̼ģʮĥһ⽣ʮ귽ɣ׵նϰɵĿסֽʮܳһôĽǳ̼ĽҪ
ҲţҲš飡Ҳ飡һҪ֪Ǹ嵽˭
̼Ҽ̺쳹̼լۡ

ͬʱżҵլۡͬۼһȺˣΧ£һšͳ̼ҲżҵʯϣڵһڡªֻСֵָ顣
ô
żҵļʮңһ£ҷأĶţʦ
¥鲻ֹǴһֲżͬ⧲Ψһͱ˲һǣΪֹһԺ֪ô¡
ǾżҲͬһʼ֪ݣǰѽúͿʯɵ֪
ţֿʯĽȻô300ƽһļ۸һ㶼ˡ
ֻǣһ棬ôص飬λӵô֪ģֻʮӣḻӡңɮСĽײñǵĿʯǾżҲֻôССһ顣żҶĶһСô֪ģ
żҵĴѩ׵ĺ
һƬĬȡż춼شˡ¥ϵĽ˺һ𾪡
ʵΪֹҶţֺͿʯ˷
ż̹ϵ
ڶԴϣżóϣҵСһֿƲ˵Ķ
żҲ˵ÿοʱ򣬶ȫ޷һС
ʵҪȷһҲǺѡ
żҼ˵ŤͷϵһС麣Ϳʯ
ﲻֳɵĶôһȻһѽһ֧СذӦûǹġʱֻҪһȻ֪ˡ
˷׷סҪôһϣһֻСذףչֳߵļˮƽǼ׵顣
һ㣬ûһ
ǾżҲͬΪеǰͷϴҲǾżҳԽҵĵط
ϣͽˡ֮ǰһҪƷ
żҼ
ţ
붼ûʹӦˣץϵһ㺣ȥƺӦֻһ޹ؽҪС¡
¯ڳһ֮һ³ģĴңСֵָذ׳ǰبʯϡ
ǿذףż졢ȣԼ¥ĿùȸֽżҵӶһȡ
ϣȷúͲƵ𣿡
ż쿴ڵذЩɵ
ǿȸֽһĻƣ·ˮһ㡣ĵûеġ
ǴذȴһĻơ
ţҲ֪˵ĺͿʯǲ֡ȷʵṩĲƵģҲƵˮƽˡ
ǾżеգõģҶѾȫˡ
żҴƣʱ䡣
ȡż˵
չʾĵ̫ˣȫͬһֵ
ˣϵˮƽòɡ
һµżҼǰʯȡͿʯذף
ȡһ
ܿһȡһ;ż͵¥μӵĶıһͬһε
ﬣ
նһݶХգżҼеıȻһпڣذУǱûжϳء
ڳĶǾżҵľĽһ֪ذԱȼֵżұǾһնʮĵزвٵĲࡣ
Ҳ˵ˡ¥ĵĶȻ󣬵Ҳе˵˺ܶࡣ
ȻԼǱصġµһвٵĲࡣ
¥صϢʵȷϲһ£ǸĵҲǺͿʯɵġôһȷǰѽ֮˷˺Ϳʯԭһһ׼ַ
ַǾżҵַҪĶ࣡
˵ʱһֱԵúƣʱͻȻƤһ˲ֱӵľâ
ҽ飬ΣһңǸ屣ѺõĹϵܵõַǾżһԳԽΣٴγΪĵһң
һֱΪżԺķ˵

һҹںܶ¥ĶҴ˵עǸ֮ҹšơ̡³ͨһֱ㵽
ͬҲڽ֮С
ȻЩʼչעйصҴ岻ͬԷ糾עȴһ
¥ĶԷ糾ջ񣬾ǷһΨһԷ糾ûϵǣƽĸ߼ۣȻ򲻵һѽ
͵һμʱһǸٴκԥľܾ
Ѿǵڶˣ
Է糾ݣڽݵ⵽ľֱܾһ衣
ǰԷ糾ͲȥˡֻǣֻҪһȸֽһնʮıһնһһ˶ߵɽԷ糾ͽסʳʣҹ£
Է糾ǸˡΪˣԸһѽܳߵҪԡ
ֶ޷ü۸ȥġ
ǱԷ糾ǰеȻ֪ͬΪʲôڼǱݵɲǣԷ糾ͻȻһָоԼĵԼһֱѰңҪõĵ
ûкͻХִ֮Է糾ҲϣõǱ
Է糾ʶ壬Ҳ֪ʲôȻһ֮ȴ֣ټκҹӵܹϵֻҪģҪ鵽Ǻѡ
ˣˡ
վ׵ʱһ󼱴ҴҵĽŲŴŽ
ôˣ
Է糾ϯضһֻ°ͣ͵̧ͷ
ˣ鵽ˣǸСӽ壬ǾŹӣ
ӵĽ½е
ʲô
仰Է糾ɫһ䣬˲˰ءԷ糾֪ʲô壬˵Ź޻ûв֪ġ
Է糾û뵽Ǹ˾ȻκκͷҪ


65 
ԷǾŹԷ糾ǽ죬ԼҵıҲҺ
鷳ǣЩӵһ㶼ǮҷǳԺȫԳȥȡ
Ǯƽ𻹱ܾЩӵϻпܷ
Է糾ȫûаնԷǰѽԼ
һӵĲ¸Է糾꣬ﻹ֪Է糾ʲôʵϣ鵽ϢȱԷ糾֪ĻҪء
һλھǸӵܣֹԣ棬ϲͼﶥŸɡʮа˾Ż᲻ܺûܾԴ˵
ãˣȻŹͷܴǲҲȫûа취
ӵĽͻȻ
Ŷ
Է糾ĿйâһΪ⣬ô˵
ֵǰæһзСиøǽﵱرŵһСȻǱǲȥҵǸø˵ҪȴȥҪúܶࡣ
ӵĽײߵ
һԷ糾ĴΪˡʹĴţӣӾӱ˭ҾϣȻ˵Ǳţʵ겻
ǸطСʵǽ֮еλ͵ģҲصġԷ糾û뵽þŹŮȻֵطôСĹ١
ֺҦѲϵ
Է糾аҦȻλ߾¡ֱٳڽҲޡ
Է糾в²⣬λүӵ磬ʮа˾ŻλøĲޣԲûرΡ
Щȴûʲôϵ
ЩͷԷ糾жʱ⡣ƿǰĲ豭Է糾վȥ

Է糾뿪ʱͬһʱ䣬ҹĸų򣬴Ӿʦ֮з˷
飡飡飡
ô鲻ûκεķ
ھʦĵ棬ûʲôùҡǵģֻطġɽ󣬻ɽҰ룬СС򣬶Ҳ
ҪңõĻᡣ
ֻҪҵֱԴأǾܳΪµһң

ͨһֻֻŸ˷ûеĵƾճġβμ¥ĵĶǾҲ֪
ҵǧ˿ƣһѽҪǣ浽棬Ŀʯʦĸ¯úʯûô໷ڣ鲻κε˿
ֻҪҵֵԴأеǰѵҪˡںܶһӶʦѹŵĵط˵ǳԽõĻᣡ

飡
峿컹ûҺԺլۡоʹȭ
崩һɫ˴ӣװԺȭΣͿʯҲ䣬˵һŵŻضӣڣڿԽ˼ŵϡ
飡
̤˫ȭ𣬻ըǧΧӿһ
֮⣬һ۴ֵԱȭĶ
ȭ뼯ȫֻеܵĿ塢ͬ˰ӿճ˾衣
廨˴ʱ䣬ʹľ⣬죬ӿӦȭ
ˣ
а
֮ͬʱѡȭΪһȭ󣬿ʹԼӳʵ
ҪǣһӿһôͿڣȭȭ⣬ݶѪ
ศɣ
Ҳŷŵġ
ˣ
۾һɹѪķͬ˰ݽĽ硢Ѫ֮бӿѪҺıӿоһɹ΢Ԫϵ͸ڡ
ЩԪѪҺ뵽Ĺ֮С
Щ£ĸоԼԼӿ˲١
飡
һ͵һȭûʹκεʽͨͨʩչšȭҵĺլ֮
ʱȥһˣҲ˴ţܿͽҵľ硣
֪˶á

峤³һȫ·ʪ͸ˡһԸоԼ˲١
ҵƲûȭļȷʵԼӿ
а
Աƽܶ࣬൱ƽЧȭáֻȭǼġ
ڣоҲˡ
Ȼطϴɣĸ׺СùҲˡ
չԶ֦ϵëϵĺȻȥھһɽʱһͻȻһȭȥ
䣡
ȭڼɽϣֻ¡һɽӦѣ˲䱬Ƭ
һȭԻɽʯһȭѾԶԸԪס߽׵ĸ֣
΢΢һЦĵ˵ͷ
Ч
ڵľ籾ǻּɽģǽȭֱӴﵽˤʯԪס߽׵ĸˡ
ʱ仹̫̣ʱӦûԴﵽߵľء
Ц
ȭʲôãǻʱԼҲ۵˦˦۵ƣѸٷ˷䡣
¥ʱûз񱬷ǰĻɽһٱ滹ƽ˾ֵ÷зһǷƽ˾
Ҵҵϴ꣬緹Ȼһ뿪˼š
ýһˣ
վڴϣһͷ
һӣӵ˧󽫣Щ˾һſһһУһһ䣬ʧʷҹĻ֮С
Щ˧棬һλеΪźġ־ͽ
磬кܶ䲻һĶ֮һ
Ԫϣ͢سҲǴĴ˧֮һʮǰ죬ھӵ޿ɱӰ
ʱգȴ౻˵ˡڴƣܶΪˡΪүүҪöࡣ
ȵүүҦλү̨ʱѾˡүүΪŹˣһλ;Ϳ֪
֮ԼǵΪ󣬵һ٣ǧӿ뾩ǵʱ򣬾һλƾһ赲ЩΪеİճӮȡʱ䡣
ֻϧҲΪǱޣ˾ʦ֮С
һصģűΪƳ͢ɱһ湦
廹ǵãΣЩ˶ǰǹඥ书֮һλǰ֮ʶԼ˵Ļ
Ȼõǵıֻϧľѧѳɾ죡ͷӵûôǿһж᲻ͬ񡭡һоֻܿԼˣ
仰


66 ֣
ԺмôĹûһűԪ˧Ĵġ
תϣԸǻɱһġϱû顣
ֻǣ˵ѣ
ҪԪ˧ϿɣҪؿ飬¡Ʒԡ츳ʵȱһɣҾﵽˣҲһܹɹ
ǰʱȻʿڣҪһӹɵ£ͽܣľѧҲһܾˡ
еѶȿ֪
ոĴųգȥ͸ûˡ
ȴ֪һᣬҲΨһһᣬԽӴλͨĴ˧
⻹ǰңʱһλռҵˣ˵
ԭͺܶĲͬǲͽܣǡǡ෴ʮһֱͼѰһϸĴˣһѰҡ
λ˵ºܶ˶֪ھߣǿǧĴ£һЦÿ춼ץһ׼ʱֵİ׷ͷµĴƾ
ʮ꣬ȴûע⵽Щ¹ˣҲ֪ݡ
ҪӴΨһĻᣡ
ȥ
ϣסһֱȥ

ĹӰ飬ˡСˣһ˵ʵһ㳡
ֱϻ¶ȥ
֪һ
а
㳡ϣ˲٣Ҫҵɲסؼǣûм
ǳң뾩ǵʱҲǸúԶͿС
ã˼䡣
аҡ
ڶԪ˧𾴣Ҳںô˼䡣Ҳ֪Ԫ˧̺˽ȻͬŽߣǱ÷ʽ
ڹһȦ֮󣬲סˡ
Ȼڣ
ǧϻĶ࣬һ۾ͿһʯǣʯϷһŽɫ̡ڣȴڣֻһСĵĴŹǷ
Сһүأ
ֻ֪˵ˣ͸ӡܹˣŻ֡
Сཱུģܿɰʻһ˵һСֽһźɫӵ˹ȫĵĺ
忴մյĺӣ׹һССĲԣԲݾǶġ
ֻһӣֻһΡ
ˣԪ˧Ȼͻ֡ˣǵ̭ˣԪ˧ȻҲͲˡ
˶Է˼жʱһƬͨ͸
Сһ⶧Ǹġ
һӹȥСнӹӣȻܿ۲·ݺύȴࡣ
ڰȫһ䣬ֻһߵһ
һ־ֲĽɱ
忴һۣɵЦһֱ׼ġ֡ȻԪ˧ҪǶԷսϵ
ҪĲһ򣬶ܹսĴ󽫡ΪƵĴ˧ȻҲϣԼĴӵһľ²ܡ
Ϊ޽ֻΪԼľѧˣⷽ沢û̫ѡ
֣һֻҪӵһӣܹıԼĴһ£Ӷ˳ͨһصĿ顣
һж˵ֲһ
һӣΪµıԪ˧岢ΪԼ书űЩǰеģǡǡ෴һִ̫ѵһʵ׷͸ҲǺܳɫ
֮ΣЩ˶ġǰУڲç֮аΪ±Ԫ˧ǡǡΪھϵָӲܡ
ҲԼı֤ԼǼնɱ֮ǰʮնɱﻹҪ࣬Ϊʷıս
Ҵˡִдķ
أӲķ
գ
źӣûڰǣնĿһ벻λá
ӹ뿪ڳйһȦܿͷ˼У书
мүүˡ
ǽŵڣ书ͬǿ˵ݡ岻˿Ĵ⡣
֪˰ʱ֣̤ںԺ֮ͻȻ֮һȻ
ôˣ
ǰ֮ͥУһĸ׵
绪ҳ
ĸ׵û⡣
ǹø
˹Щ졣˳ǸЩԼĴø֡
øٵԼҪһ㶼Ǻʹ˪һ
ֻøȴûõǵһγ֡

˹ֱķȥ

ԼҵĴøֵġ
ǲбʲôµһ
øһͿżɽ͵İθ˼֡ɫ죬ǳ
øԸľګ˵廹ǵһοô˷ܡ
øǲҹ㣿
忪ʼִøԼʲô£仰жʱµʲô
ô֪
һĲ죬֮ǰı֣Ȼˣ
һ벻Է糾Խ⻹ͳ졣
ҲͰľԭԭ˵˳ԭֻԼķԷ糾ÿķ˽
һĻнͳ򻴡
Է糾ˣȴֱϵ˾ڽôã⻹ǵһн˾
ҵ֣˵һôôĻǰı֡˵׼š
Ȼͷһת˵Ըǧƽæһѽ˾һôҲû뵽ˣ壡
ֵʱоҪˡʲôô󣬾Ȼֵǧ׵ǣǸ˾ȻԼֶ壡
ֵʱסˣԴȫתһӦǣǲǿЦһʮСӣôһֵƽ
ң⵽ô¡˵ǲģ
ץֱۣһŵ
ǣ
ʱ򷴵ˣ˵ͷ
У
ɿֱۣλϣһ̫ˣ۾壬ĿǾ죬ͺһʶһ
Ժд˷ͬ˼һЩ⡣Է糾ҵø֣ԼȷʵЩԤϡ
屾ԤԷ糾Լġ
á
Է糾ϴø֣ҲԺеһЩ뷨
ø벻ͳ죿
ͻȻڵ
ʲô
ֱһæ֣˵ͳҲܿЦ𣿡
΢΢һЦҲƽϡ
ͳأ
⡭ֱ°
øֵ
仰ЦʣøҰĵġ۾Ҳܸܵó
ҪȻҲԷ糾ίԼˡ


67 ͽ
ûǸڼįġ
ûǲҪ߹ٺ»ġ
øҲһȻֻһŵС
棬øӵġʵϣҲȷʵˣսͳ£Ȳף۸ֱȲС壻۳ϵЩμֱȲ󲮡
ԵعŵСүүûڰ
үүΪøԳеáһŵСȻλòߣȴԶУƽƽܱùáøһǡ
Ĺ۵ȴүүһ
ڹùú͹øһֱǳмġһӣѣǴú͹øӼáҡ
ҹøͻƷȴһϸľˡǳѣٽˡǹøһŵСȴΣ壬ʱټɷߣսսϣ
ԶǵȥʱıӰ񡢽ʵΰ
˵ǿԺģүүֻһ棬ȴ֪棬Ǳûһ档
ҪᣬټøʵǿԳΪһģ
Է糾õĻᡣ
ʲôȸλδĽͳõĻ᣿
ø𣿡
忴Źø֣ͻȻ
һ㵡ǰʮ꣬˵ĻֻһЦ֮Ǿϴε飬ѾСֶˡ
ʵϣҶûСˡҹѾĪΣ
ңԷ糾֮ԻԼҲΪԵʡ
˵ʲô
ֵ
øԵĻҪȥšԷ糾ȥõĶ࣡
ɫ
ǣԷ糾ûӦ
ȥţǸԷ糾ʼվЩλáЩȥȥġ
ģӦģ
Цţϵһ˱ʵɲǣﺮһبգ·Ҫѷгһ
У
ﺮâӿĳֳһһֱԷ糾ΪʲôҪƽȥһҲΪʲôôƶԷ糾ͻԼ
ǿеȸֽʱͻȻ֮ˡȻҲóегϵκһһ
óûжԼ־ѾһַǳΣյĸо
ôôı
̲ס
ǺǣøͱˡԷ糾ҲҪɰ֮ǰļ۸ǧͿԷ糾Ȼ֪ӴңǻۣҲһʲô˼
Ц
Ϳʯ鲢ǲɽֻͣǺ鷳ǵȵԺʱˣȻҲ
лл㡣
ûʡ
ֶ̫ྪˣô˵ַһ㶼ˡȸֽ뿪ҡ


Ĺøִȸֽ뿪ҵʱҹĻڸ֮УĸӴ˷۶һվ¥
ʲôûУ
鲻
ûκιǰѵϢ
ҲԴأûκʦһĵ
ʲôϢûСؽûκα䶯

һɣʱû֪طҡŷϾееԴȫȸֽϢ
˱ΪȻĴҲ֪ȸֽϢضǳԾʦĵط
;䣬ôĻڣһй©ĵط
ǳɰǧССѾ֮ȴѲ鲻κһȸֽϢ
ͺǱǶһ޶һֻôһ
ⲻܣ
Ϣúܶ˴㵲ѣ޷ܣ
ϢһϦ֮䣬ϵǱȸֽͻȻޱȣ

鵽𣿡
ͬʱǽɽϣ¹ҫһӰվϴһŰɫߡΧӰš
شˣ鵽ˣǸǴƵ۹ŹѾ鵽ҵĸۡһڶ࣬ɭϣҾ֮УнѲߣǿ²׽ȥ
һӦȴõԡһȺȫԡ
¹£ԿЩ˸߱Ŀҵȫ䵶ȫʳ֧ˡ
ЩѵΪҪȥɱҵ𣿵ƾճģȻ϶ֹһֿʯϱȻ²١ǵĿȥ°ӵЩͲϣֻҪﵽĿģսپжٻͽжӰ죡
Ǳ֧ǳҪ۸ʲôĴۣǶҪҴһ
ϴŰɫߵͷһй¶ݣô˳˺йһ֮Ե֧Ī£ˡ
ǣˣ
ҹ£˵ͷܿתʧҹĻ֮С

䣬ת֮һȥ
žž
ҵլԺ֮У˫ͬһڿг鶯ÿһޱȣžž⡢ֱ䴦ԺӲļɽһӦѣʯõǡ
ڰķŵϺÿʱԽԽҲԽǿ
ȭϣڸоÿ춼нʱգͻƵԪҲ⡣ΪﵽԪףһоͻȻͬͿЩֱٶȻݵľѧ
Ϊﵽּ𣬺ڵĸܻȻͬ
үˣ
ʱͻȻһҴҵĽŲ꺣¡˴Ҵҵ˽
ôˣ
ü³һչǵ֮ǰ꺣¡˵ʱҪ
үһˡ
꺣
ҲֵôС𣿡
ü
ү㵽濴֪ˡ
꺣¡ֹ
ҵĴŴڼ˿еǸˡֻҴŵĵطһ߳ߵ׳ͷڵϡ
үһһͳҪҡѷˣԲò㡣
꺣¡Щε
һۻû⣬ǿڶ۵ʱͻȻһ
㣿
һľȡϵˡ˲Ǳˣ¥ϣ¥ͻȻ£һκ𩣬󳤽նϣѪص׳
յĵĶǲ֮һ
ôҲףôԼҵĴſڡ
ӣһҪΪͽ㲻ӦҾԶ
׳ͷһ

Ȼ֮֡Ҫʾжʱɲ˵ĸоͻȻ֪꺣¡ΪʲôܹԼˡ
ͽ
ʲôЦŲʮ꣬Ӧұ˰ʦ͡Ȼһ˷ҪԼΪʦ
ӣҲ书ֻϣֻ֮ܽҪܹӦӴԺ󣬰ǰԸţԶ̹ӣ
׳ͳһ˵ţһֱֻ۹һϽ߸߾ٹͷȻһ
Ǳնϵĳ
忴һۣͻȻ֮䷴Ӧ׳ŵģһնκ𩣬ȸֽնĳ
֪Ϊʲô׳УϽǧ֮ءǰ߳ߵϣŵһɱζ
ֱζںܶŹһ޳٣ʱҲı롣
һɲǣͻȻˡ
һǸʹԼһǰڵϣԼ߳׳˵Ҳ룡
¥նϵĲĽ룡


68 ذϹԪ
ʲô֣
ʵ
ҽذϹԪҲԽŹԪ
ذϹԪڵϵ
Ȼ
֣͵һ£ЩԾĿŵϵ׳岢ʶʲôذϹԪҲûʲô飬ȴ֪ˡ
ϱӣģĴʦûмκεš³̡Ƽҵܾˣŭֶɱ
ȴƾԼʵھﴳһƬءƳĵֻҪˡԪţȼһҪߵĶļ۸
ڴ֮ǰǹϵĴƵһʦȸµʱĳɾ;ȸһնϵġԪʹõĻǺͨĲϡ
Ψһǣֱ漰ܸӵĹպͳ򡣼ذϹԪҲûܹܶ
ǳұذϹԪ͸ûлˡ
û뵽ԼǰȻǽµĵһʦ
У
һջ񰡣Լ¥ȸֽµһֹЩĶҡ͵ˣһİδĵһʦˡ
û뵽
Ҫ֪ذϹԪԸǳıңһҰһܳκμ塣ϱôұܾ֤
ҪԼϱӼӪַ¥ԶҪλδĵһʦʧ֮ˣ
ʵ̫ˣȻȸֽƾǰļδ֪ʶңҵҵһ˰ҷֵֵܴܰѹ
д˷ոѾ׼Ӧˣֻû뵽ջԼԤĻҪöࡣ
һδĵһʦԼôԼڳиƻҵ棬ذϹԪʵǲѡ
ɣ

ӣһҪӦң
ذϹԪִŵȻڵط
ѾӦˡ


ذϹԪԾ̧ͷһĲšеʦеҴ壬ԼǼΪضײ⴫ġ
ذϹԪʱѾǽ֮ңȼͷҪҾףѾ׼ҪܴĥѲܽҡ
ֻذϹԪû뵽ȻôףֻһһھʹӦˣ׵˲š
˵𣿡
ذϹԪǲš
Ȼ
Ц˫֣ҪذϹԪӵϲһȴذϹԪ˿ͺڵ˸һ
һǸְ
۾һӵԪ׵ΪȻ̫ߣһһ׵ˤʯ
ذϹԪڵԼȻȻԷʵԶԶԼһ룬ϱذϹԪڼҵĴѹ£Ϊµһʦûй˵ʵҲġ
лӣлӣֻҪܹԪԸţ׷湫ӣ
ذϹԪȴǲ֪뷨ĴӦذϹԪϲͷͰݣĵõذ졣
ذϹԪԸ׵ͷҲҪʲôˣֻҪܹѧõذϹԪԸ⸶һеĴۡ
ͷβ壬ذιԪԼվ
꺣ȥĸױһ°ɡ
ͷ
ԴϴҦ֮ĸڶԼܵúɡܶ飬ֻҪǲӰĸ׻϶ʡ
ǣӡ
꺣Ӧȥ
ذϹԪȻҪ׷ңԺҵһԱˡ¡㰲һ£׼һ᷿ɡ

ķȥڻǸܣû֪ࡣ
нչ֮ǰ岢̫ע⵽ĴڡԲ꺣¡ذϹԪûд
Сġ
ûֱȥǹһȦȷû˸٣ȥĹ
һž޴Ļڹ㳡룬޴ɡһſ
طˡСÿ˶֣Уûжע⡣ڻ£Ǹλãٴοֽ̡
Ȼûг֣ȴһӣӣ
Сһʲô֣
忴ǸСͷ
ţᡣǶҼᡣ
СһﱳŴһǺ«Ĳɵ
᣿
ЦЦСͦɰģ޼䣬ͻȻ֮䣬һӹԺһӴסˡ
֣
ոڸЩµʱ֡һײͽķ۵ģ֮١
һУôǿϣΪͽܵġȻЩ˻ûܹϣָ书ЩҲһһй׵ĳɾ͡
ᡱ֮һ
Ϊ湦¾֮ʢɷףԸǡ츳Ҫǳ֮ߡ
ܶʱ򣬾ĴţԷҲһܹǿк
ȻΪԭûбУǽȴΨһһУߵģָһЩѧġ
ף
ͻȻӦˣ˵ȻһûͽȴںһСס
С˲ٵȤǳϲֻϧһǳС
СһֱүүһǳҵʱߣСʬ壬ôҲߡ
һ
˵µʱʹ޲ѡ
Ҳ겻ѡֻû뵽ԼȻ￴ٿǾ۾Ǻ«Сеĸоȫͬ
Ǽ鷢ʱӦҲʮɣ
а
ɫͽܣȻע⵽С˺ܶԺ̣ܶ鶼ڴѺŷֵġ
ͻȻ飬ıһСˡ
Сһ£
ʲôѽ
СͷĲɵһ߼Ǻ«
ܶλүүЦġÿ춼һӣ

СӵڴǺ«ƿͷ壬ֻ۾ôġȻСҲ֪һӿööǺ«ˡ
𣿡
СӲŵ
Ȼ
˵ͷȴӹһĨȻɫ
ΪԪϣƾ񣬺ϵľеһ֣һȻ˴棬ȴ˱磡
һûֹ
ֱ˺Ͳңһֱᴩ
ǰسĺᣬӵд幫ѪȻսȴһҵĸԴ
΢ʱϵ˿Ѫû𡣵ǵս죬ͻʡ˹ء߾ҳ׽Ƶı߽չɽԱʱ˿ѪʱΪ
һУΪܸҪı췴ͼ߸ƣؽ۹
κγⶼǴɣ
ο幫Ѫʵıսھеľ޴Ӱ죬ֻľ޴ָ


69 Ҧɱ⣡
Ϊ˱ӣ߷壬ʱѡȨˣѾո֮УչлͣϾһк;죬͢س֮ϵ
Ϊ˳ɾͺ̫ڵľ֮壬ո֮УӴ˲ű֮ԪԼͨһӣȥ
ոĴųգһǽ棬ҲԼȻıŸոտʼ
˵ʱܵȺĹڦ˵ܵĻôɥӾĸһ
ȻԼ˳˳ãȴûнֹԼĶΪ͢ЧΪڵ顣
ΨһҲȥ֮ܵһӴԺһ޾ı˺ʹ֮С
Ժ˾ҲûпЦ˵ʱ̲סĨᡣ
һõĴƾΪ޿º͵ĹӦֽ֣
Ժʹûпֹ
Ǻ«˵ĲɵС뱲ΨһĿ֣Ȼֻֿж̶̵ļꡣ
̣ܲܵõĴУ嶼ϣλƾܹ֡ͨԼֿ֣ǰ꣬Ƕõ𾴣
סˣ鲻
Сͷ׹ȥһӣȻֽһµĺӡ
ֻһλᣬһӳ̽䡣ֻҪطԺӴԵ
Ѿһӣȴṷ̂Լڶźӡ֪ԼѾɹλ˧עˡ
ǿźӣתٴ뿪˹
ġųѻõľѧô˧Ȼͳͳܾˣ˵Լ
岢ûָܹ¼壬ܻλƾĴСֻҪܹע⣬չǾ㹻ˡ

뿪ʱһ࣬Ҧ֮УҦͬûš
ϡã塭һ죬ҪһҷԳǼҦϵĳ裡
ҦݺݵŽͷ͵ĽϵĶɨһء
Ҧ֮еպܳƣǳƣ
ԴӸҦڱꪳɳֱСҦվͺѹ֡ķݵүӴ»ʱϽκҦǷǡ
ҦҵĴԴ𣬾ͽĹرաҦжܵƣϽС⻹ǵһΡ
߰Ҧ˵ǳش
Ҧ֪ΪʲôֻүӺҴɺͽ󣬲ϣǼע⣬ץסѱ˿ࡣ
ڣҦ粻óȥҲ֪ӵУԼѾΪЦ
Ҧѷȣֱǳ裡
ΣҦҶ
Ҧк޺޵
ڹ¥ҦһҦһֱûг֣Ҳûвȡ
ⲢҦжҦܵ׵ѵͣҪ֦𲻱Ҫ鷳
׺ıҦ˵ܣֻҪ׳ɹһҷֻ֮䡣
ҲҦһ̵ֱԭΪ˴룬֣ܲ֡
ֻҦû뵽ôãûеȵڱ߻ĵʤҺ£ҷϢǵõ˸ڱʧ㣬ֳھΪЦϢ
СһصүүҲΪƽϢӰ죬òͷһûүӵͷ
֪ǼϢʱҦĶѪ
Ҧ죬ӣγ裿
ȻһлԶûеͷܿ죬׾ʹ±ոҦұлͣԶܷ粨
˿ʮ֮ҦҲܲסˡ
УһҪҸ̸̸ҦҾԲ裡
Ҧ鷿뿪ֱҦ鷿ȥΪ˶ԸңҦԼҪ͸׺ú̸̸ˡ
ˣոյϢҵ¥
ոյ︸׵鷿ԶԶģҦ洫һϤ
ܻ
Ҧͣ˽ŲܻǸ׵ĸռһϢҦû뵽ĿϢ
Ҧͣ½ŲҪϸоһ󳤳̾Ϣ
˵ˡҦʱʱǲҪңԺ󣬹Ϣʱһ㱨ˡ
Ŵ׳ص͸ƣ
ǣ
ܻĬƬ̣տڲᡣ
ҦվſڣɫͻȻò԰ޱȡۿҦ綼ԼӡУǸ˳ᡣųȣԶյĸס
Ҧ֪Ϊʲô
֮սϡͿĸһ򲻱׷һΣȴһͿأһԼƳļıϡ
飬û͸¶һ˱ܹҲܴõϢΪˣԲŻԸɸĴ
ҳ˭ڱңŪԼôģ׿ºվ
ϣҶԸ㡣ҲԸӡȴԶԸǸСģ
¥尴ڵϿᣬҦϱҲӵʹˡ
үүҲ˱ʱҪҡҦ֪ʱȥԸ壬֮١
Ҧ˵ҪԸֺԶ֣
ţҦЦһܿתĵ뿪Ҧҡ֪иطиɱ֣һ֪İԼĵЩ

Է糾ǧƽһӶ٣ڵ磬ȫ͵С͹ʱĹøԵ÷ǳˣüΡ
壬Ƿǳŷ
õǧƽ𣬲ûȫˣһøùøԼΪܡ
⣬Щ뷨мùøԼΪ棬ҲԼܶ鷳
һ棬øȻͷ
ͨ飬ֶ˵Ĺϵࡣ
ôǮ˵ֱǲһʲľ޿ûԺôңҶв㣬Щܻд鷳ûԺҸطס
ｻ̸øͻȻҲϹӣкܶŶࡣЩǸǻ
ңҲܸоԼֶȻᣬҰȴСԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ
ƾ辭飬ָокܶ⡣ЩԼûвȴֳܷ
˵ŹһͻȻõôǮƣ᲻𲻱ҪĲ²⡣Ȼ˵Ǯ·ҲɲҪ鷳
ЩҪǵġ
šøͽɡ
ʵҲ˼ڼܶԽԽȥˡңø˵ģЩŪúûãŪã˵¡
Ĳ˵ƽһŪãͻ˵졣Ҳһƽ𽻸øֵԭ
⣬ȱĸס

İɡ
ЦЦһ簮
ԼֶԽԽ˳ۣҲԽԽϲ壬»ҪСǸλò֪꣬ˣڸмҲݹϵʲôڶͬ
飬ü֪ٻһЩ߼ලĸ׵ĵⲻ˵ġ
ҲͷŲֽˡ
ԣҲȽͬ
飬Ժĸȥ˵Ҳһġ⣬Դҽģ˵пգȥ
˵ִӻͳһö˹ȥеҪĿġ


70 Ľ
øֽˡ
룬һǧƽֱκȥҲӪκܹ㣬ȡгＯʳôĹ漰棬治һɵġ
ⷽ棬κԼҪóĶࡣ
Ȼκҵ飬κ𩻹ûô£һ˵㡣ֻҪ漰κҵֻһЩ޹ؽҪСĻ˵¥ЩκκүģҪκ
ҲҪκʲôֻһ㣬鲼ȫɹЩʳˡ
һ·ԼƬ֮󣬾Ϳһ޴ĸ޽Ľ̻ԻͣûʣϷһڵ׽κ˵ҵݣ
κ
κȻǷССһ𳤴󡣵ȴٵκԭܼ򵥣ĸϺκĸκԪԸ
κСʱʱҹϵãǵκĸ׷κ֮һоȫһˡ
κ͸׵ԸǺִֺ֣ĴبڳͻҹϵԽԽ
κĹϵûʲôӰ졣˵ģССӵġ
ֻκȥˡ
ΪκԸ͸ײͬȻκĹϵãκңǺܻӭ
ĸҲЦеĽСꡱ׼һ㡣
ң˵ǣС
κͬݼڣҲڡϲĸϣĶСһҲôϲ
ϴֳǿŮķ粨ʱκŻһͬ㣡
κ»Ͻ̤κң
һвԶûС˸κ˽¡ͨĴŻϢȥܿ죬κʹ
壬ôˣ
κ𩼱ҴҵĴ汼һߣһ۵ľ档ǰȥԼģٵԼ
ôˣ⻹һεκ
ϻˣϽϳ㣡
֣Ц
ٺ٣áҲҪ㣡
κ
Ŷ
ˡ
СһӳķС˳ţǰʻȥ
壬ϴһĽļһȸ㣬ʲô
û˵κ𩵹ǵһȷˣһء
ҵˣ
һ϶ʱɫκʱһֱЦģʱЦݣһء
ĽƻзǳҪһĺͿʯԼҪҪĶࡣ
Ժŵ˵ĽȻûлȫȨǽκȥ죬ȴмƻУĵġ
ţҵˣ
κͷ
һ𳤴󣬶Ϥˡϵı仯оˣҲ
ǴҲ벻ףΪʲôĽôһСôӡ
ȸ㣬ʲôԱ鵽ģ档
κ֣ص
Σ
סˡ
ţҲỨôʱ䶼Ҳˡϸģһǰܸעⲻˡҽ˳¼Ĺľڣȥɡ
κϸĵĴӻͳһڣ˹ȥûƤĺܺãȻˡ
Щκ𩱾ǸĵġȤֻֻҪ彻ģһȥŬá
壬˵㡣ǳ⣬һССģ̶֥С٣Ȼ̰˶ĻƽֱǿЦҲ̫ˡ͢ôõҲ
̲ѺҪնġһǷҸǵҲһ̲Ȼ֪Ҫʲô壬һȰҪȥˡ
һ˲Ե޹ʵĴΣ͢Ѿ϶ԭġմȾ̫࣬㣬ҶǺ£
κû뵽ҪҵǸǵԼһŹǱء
κ𩵣ЩǣˣΪ˹ҵĽڡ
κСŵڳζöˣĿȾҲһ㡣
з磬һǣϣʲô¡
û˵ɫأĽľϸϸĿʢʳ̷ǷǳصģеһҪ飬ȷŸһѺ˹ĽϷǳ꾡
벻Ѿʮˡ
忴žϵϣĽĻҪһЩѾӽĺˡھϣ̰۵Ϸǳ꾡
ƽ̰֤ȷ䣬ǵıСλȻӣ̰ô࣬ʵ˾ġ
Ҳ̲Ѻ̵ԭ
ǾҲûмؿɵĵطƽǸСĿͨ˼˵ʮ˼ңһӶˡ
Ľ̰ô࣬ȴһ˿ĴȻأԺҲͬһܼ򵥡
鳭ʱҲͽıڣסһϷӣһ׸ףᣬһ˯ĴʲôҲûС
̲ȥĹԱ߶ûҵǶƽ˭Ҳ֪͵͵
̲Ȼɻ󣬵ΪЧȣĽԼҲϲ䣬˻ǰ̡
忴Ѿ׹ˡĽ꣬ĸйû˿ĸı䣬ˡ
κҲû˵ĽѾǰ϶ɡκңң˭û´̲ˡ
ȴ֪黹һ˿ϣ
ֻȥˣ
һˡ
ǻ׹Уǻ壬ڳ˵һԾŶз㲻ĸϣبκĸκԪ޷ġ
Ҫǣǡǡ֪̲ҲһĹϽȨ棬ͻȻͬ
κ𩣬ͲعˡһԼ
彫Ľľ뻳պá
š
κ˵ͷΪѾͷҲ
ٺ٣ˣʲô°
κҲЦ
κС꣬˵㣬ְ˰ɡôǸõˣ
ЦĿⶢκ۽ǵĺɫٺۡ⴦˺ۻµģκһϳע⵽ˣȻκŪһ㷢˿ڸǣùĻ۽𾦡
κװ˰죬ͻȻһٽƣһӿ
˵˵ʲôǳŵʱ򣬲Сſײġ
κһڨڨεֻЦøˡ
ţǸġûȥϸú
岻֪һᣬκ𩻳˦˹ȥ
ʲô
κ˫ֽסдΪ档ҳɫһӱˣޱȣ
ô
κϲû뵽˦ģȻһ壡˲壬˷ܵͨ죬λϻķ


71 հͣ
κǸգȻƽʾ˾󲿷ֵѧԵһ㣬κ޷ı䡣
κ֪
κû뵽Ȼһ书زᡣҪ֪ʱЩͨѧκ书ؽ嶼Ǽֵǣûκͳ
ʵκ𩾪ϲѡ
κһҳһҳķţʼκ𩻹ķţľˣ󱻳׵סˡ
ȻûκоóԼѧԼҪˡ
κԣޣһԵ˵ͷЦ
κ𩣬һֱǳεġ
κһֱԼõֵܣԼȴΪԭ򣬺ᣬֵʧȥѡ
ȻκҲûзԼϱԼѵʱ򣬲˼ķԣԼͼˡ
Ǹʱ壬ȴʲôҲﲻκ𩡣ֻĿκһʱͺƽٵĺУһһ̶ȥ
ⱲӣһһֱΪʲô
书һֱκ㣬ͨκ޷ı䡣˼㵽ʱ̣κҲûǿ
һֱҪҪҵһʺ书ȴסκ˺ܾõʱ䣬Ժ书һ飬ֱҳһʺκ𩹦
ҲôˣڲŽԭ
ʱĹȥκ𩿴úҲûдţͰڳ

֪˶ãκ𩳤³һڴ̧ͷ
ɽֵ֣ôǰû˵壬ô书
κ𩾪ĿŶ壬ֱͺʶһ
֪Ϊʲôκһ͸оرϲͺڤڤһֱ¿һ
һֱȫ£κųһ
κ𩲻֪Ū书ⶫһͲҵķȫߵҰ·ӡ֪ΪʲôκǺϲʱһ֡Ϊġо˸оǳܡ
ôϲң
һֵֻ
͸ҵĶҵģСӣҪȥŶûУ
κѡɽ§ڻͺҪһ

ջ֣Ц
ЦκҲ̲סЦֵַ·صСʱǢĹϵΪһҲ׵ʧˡ
Сӣɽ͵⼸ĿͣԺᶼᣡˣԺֺ£һҪǵýҡ

ЦκΪʲôϲһ㶼⡣ΪΪκƽӹĴġ
֪¼࣬ʹ˵ţǡǡƽͨˡ
Ȼ󲿷˶עûʲôɾͣκ鶼ǾԵģο鶼һġ
ɽġ
书ûʲôҪ󣬵ر࣬ҪʮٱŬ
ȷɡʱȲˣ͸ȱ˸Ŭ
ǡɽ˼·
ŹûκƿģԪ侳ٵ侳侳ŹһֱȥΨһҪľǸŬٱǧŬԽ棬ҪŬҪԽࡣ
˵Ŭ߾ƿ
ˣȴû̫ӡûмԭܼ򵥣Ȼˡ桱ȴʺ塣
ÿ˶ʺԼĹ׹κ˵ǿ󡱣δˣͨĹ
ңϱŹҲûܹȫԭܼ򵥣
ûʱ䣡
书Ҫʱ̫ˣңܹŬˣ±ЩʳŻ١
֪ˣҪ߱ˣ㸸ڡ

ġ֪ҲǿҾͺݺһκǸһ
κݺݵ
κԼǸõܣֻЦЦȴ룬ûнơ
ÿ˶עиԼħǡ
κħǾõܡκܡ
κһӵܣκǵ֮šȻκСΪκ𩻹ߡ
Լĸ׹ְκĸκԪĵֻͣͨκԼĸ׳
ÿεκκرϲκ鷳뾡취һ١
κĸףκκԪرջ𣬼κƽӹûм̳κŵ㣬κڼĴʵֵôɡ
֮͸κ𩡶ɽвҲԭ
˵ˣмҪ鷳㡣
һ죬ֱ⡣ľӴ򿪣һǧӲӵĻƽӳ
һǧƽȫȥҳＯֳԵģʲôţ㽶ˮšڡҪǳԵľͿԡ
ȥˣ
κ磬ϴεǧƽȫУֳһȻǰѽˡ
šǧƽֻеһ롣
˵ͷκǰҲ
ģֻҪнӾͺãͽҰɡ
κ
κҲ˵㣬ֻҪǮǾǴֻҪ׬ǮκҾ;ƴǡ
⣬һæ
彫Լ뷨˼䡣κͷû⣬ͽҰɣ
һнϣûʲô˵ˡӳκ˻ƽȻֱȥ
Сֲ˼񣬵弸ƽġ޿ٲȻСһýƨɺ棬ֺֺǣʱҶˡ
ҼҽɭϣһǽֹýĻֻҪӣĸһ㶼ǲ̫׷
飬ļ죬Ҳ׵徻ÿҹȭȭȻ춨ʱȥһźӣͳٳû¶Ĵƾ塣
ƽɡ

Ҷһ
˭Ҳٳ⣬һֱˡ
Ҿͺ㲻ͬ٣Ҿһһֱݵˡڴƾ˭ٰ֪
ǣչȨƣ˭ӰҦҺңҲüɵ֣

ｻһȺΧհߣĲѡհб̫ʦ۾ƱʵĽ˵Ĺά
ƾʦ棬ΧȺ竹ӣӰһӵܡ˵ʵհһҲǷ
հ֪Լƨһ仰Щһ˵ˡǾչշڴƾʦȨƵ֮һ
ҦҺĴڣҲԼ׵Ĵڡ
ˣ٣ôͻȻ뵽ҪͣѴҶٹˣ
һӵܷ¾Ʊ̽ͷ­
հչȻʲôСˣҲǴ󷽵ˡڰͳԷ¶ѵһΡǷ׷ǹʣǺ׽ˣ¶һΡ
ξȻϰԷúܶ˳Ծ


72 ة
ߣ
Ǿ䣬հغһɫͻȻ֮һɲǼ䣬նʱͱˣ˭Ҳû뵽հصɫ˵ͱˡ
һһʱڲᡣ
չ죬ȻҲǳ󣬵ܺհȡǵհزˣҶ˵ˡ
ߣ벻ǾȻһˡҪˣѵˣǿǻһǧôҪ飬ǾȻǵã
հɫġ
һ˶ʱӦհΪʲôĵڰˡ
һЩհرô׽ˣʱڲ治ðհصӵ
հȥԸҡ
һҡռҺҦ֮հزں棬ȴ治
ֵ۹֮ðãȥҪҷġͻȻ֮ͷ¶֪ô¡
٣ңҶе㡭
˵ãǷծǮ쾭塣ǴһڰģҲһҪ˭ҪǸҲȥǲӡԺ£ʲôݡױ˹٣ְɲҪ˵ûǣ
ûЩӵҽڣհһһǡĿ䣬ĴΧһһɨ͸ŨŨв
ЩҪùĵĹӵһ⻰һͣסˡչȫõġ
٣壬м鲻֪֪֪¥иʦһѽ˵Ҳ塭
ȺУһӵͻȻԥԥ˵

հ
ǵģ٣˵᲻ᡭ
ߣɵͬͬհˣѵΪΪǸʦ塣ôܣ
հһЦţֱ¡
ʲôЦֱ»ᱻһСŪڹ֮䣿
£õǽǮ
Щһôֻ뷨
հһ˵Ҳо˻ĵطȷʵôǮôǽǮ
˭Ҫ˵׬ˣ׬һƽûõ
ֱ£ˡ
ˣͻȻһ£¥Ǹ˵ʮ߰꣬öࡣ˵Ķԣ˿϶ͬͬա
һݹ幫ͻȻһϸڣڵ
ԣҲˣǸʦȷʵʮ߰꣬Ķ࣡
ԣҲô˵ģ
Ҳǣ
Ҳǣ

һѣҲˣһ࣬׷׵ӣ˷׷׷֮ǰµĹӵҲ˼
Ͳ̫Բͬһˡֻ֣ȴ㡣
հ˵ĻһﻹЩʱ׵İ
һҶ־ݡһȥҪǷǵǮǷծǮ쾭壬ʲô飬հصţպٻ󣬴һܣհرǣ
հظЦ
壡
һΣ˺ȻӦ
հؿŰڣһЦ
дһţ͵ҦȥһҪҦӡ
հй߷ɣ
ǣӡ
߷ɹڵϣհصĻתȥ
հؿŸ߷뿪΢΢һ̡˵Ҧڽ㣬ҦұոܷͷʱԼ͸õ
֪֪ǷôһǮϻǺֱ顣
뵽հ̲סЦ
һϷҪʼˣ


Ժ³һչһů͵ŻоӲ٣ҲϼҪӡһסﵽǶסˡ
Ȼű仯󣬵˵ζֿһЩѧˡ
м죬ӦþͲˡ
а
ר书ѾֹҲӳʱ䣬Ϊϣȹȥ١
֮ĸ׵˰һ˼šγţͻȻоЩ̫һ
ˣˣ
ͻȻһд廹ûӦͿԶĴһӰſѰĽֵͻȻɧ
˷һ֪֣ͻȻķ
סˣ
壬ȥ
壬ǷծǮ쾭壬Ϊõ𣿡

ֵͻȻֺġǰʱٴУһͻȻЦѾôˡ
ӣô£ȥˣ
꺣¡һʱߣһӿٴС
ˡһ˾ܽˡ
˰֡

˵ʱŴ򿪣һȺ½һ˷ӿȥ·Ŷס
ӣүһ¹ȥˡòὫǷǮһɶɣ
ԶԶģһɫĴһ
հأ٣˵Ҿ֪㵷Ĺ
ŤͷһЦԶɫհһôˣµġ
õŶ
٣ӣɲô˵ǷծǮôҵˣ
ɫĴһƿհɫ˿ƽۣͷϽڣʩʩȻڴϡ
ˣҪ϶֪ӣҿѾڴﱸ˰֪֪֪
հشɫӳһӣУһЦδ䣬ɫŴ򿪣һɫӰ
쵰
ˣ˲ɫ֪հس£ҪǮ£û뵽հǮȻѴµةҲйˡ
ЦɫŰǱˣǴةհĻǴôةŰ塢ϲ
ֻڱΥԼʱŻ֡һǳ֣ǾԲǺ¡
հذʣִ
հؿѿɫһЦ
ǮΪֻᵽں򵥵ծСˡչûôûϢ
Ѵµ˽ةйġ
ڣͽ̽ʲôΣʲôֶΣ
ӣЩдİɡչ˵Ƿһǧ߰ٶƽ𣬿ʵ
հĴة
һžͺСͷ˲ߣ׵ͷɫŰͬʯ˵ʱ򣬳Ͱ͵촽䶯£˿ʬһž˺¡
͢Ӧ֪ӷͬǾŹĵҲһ
һͷޱͬݵĸʬһ
һ䣬˷˫۾վҴſڵ壬һϷɫ
λˣ񲻺Ϲذɣ
ûհأǿµة
£ֻڶԷ޷ԼʱŻ֡Լûж֣λǲһ㣿
հν´һةһҪ취ȴߡ


73 ƴ֣
ȻϹأհ˵Ĳûеһǧ߰ƽС£ʮа˾ſ³𡣴ֻҪокܴĿΥԼͿԳ棬ûġ
ʬĴة촽䶯
ģֻҪɺչ֮Լ±ûв
Ƶ۹ܹ١ʵţԼǸΪһ㣬ܹ١Ϊһ㣬Ʋ˷֧ͣʳޡͻʵ
Ϊһ㣬Դ¶ЩΥԼ˴ĺϡհģֻҪԼ˱뿪
壬ô¸ʲôѵΥԼ𣿰Ͽǰֽ֣ɣ
հǰЦΪֻǹǮôܣҪҶ¶
հأٸһλᡣҪˡ⣬ȷҪҦҡźԸ𣿡

հغҦߵý֪ģߵýߵýԳಲߵ̨ǰǾһˡ
հ⸱ưִѾڰǵѡ
ٺ٣
հЦҲö˵һ˻⣬ź
壡Ǯ
ǮǮ

һ˸߹һˡ
ߣ
忴⸱ƣЦһֻЩǮȥƵأ»ˡ
հشҲ벻ԼǵǮ輦˺Ϳʯڵ壬ǲƴ֡һǧ߰ƽټϢһǧڵ˵ëëꡣ
꺣
֣й꺣
ҵĴ£иӡ̧
ǧƽǹø֪Ǯȫκ֮͹ˡľװţ˭Ҳ֪ˡ
հΪǧ߰ƽסСˣ
ǣȥ𣿡
꺣ӦȥߵʱƳһհأһЦȻֵ÷з꺣оСһ
ͳүһ꺣¡֪ܶܡϣĻƽüΡ
հΪ˼ǧƽ£ֱСС֡
үЩ˲úǿ
꺣ߵ
ֻǺȻһЦ˻֣꺣ɶȥ
ô£ʲô˰
꺣ոȥͻȻһɻδ䣬һѵɻĴӴ˳һȺӺѾ御

Ӱɫ䡣ѾܵļӰ죬û뵽Ǿĸף
ڸСͻȻ˺ܴɧҲ֪ʲôų
չӣ
Ⱥеհأϵհصģǰڹеʱշ˴հء
ô
һľȡ
ٺ٣ˣáǷһǧ߰ƽǰֽ֣ɲǡ
հһϵһЦ
ˣ˳˵һ䣬ǶֵϢ
ʲô
հصĻǰһڣͬһһҡΣվվȡ
û뵽ȻᱳԼǷ˱һǧƽ𣬶һǶֵϢ
˵ֱ붼롣Ҹеôծ
ٺ٣
һĻհصһЦڴеڷˡ
ڰǮ£Կ϶˿϶֪ôˣҡźҪִң֪¡
ôһӣÿ¿ǲٻ
ǵ»ǽһȺӡѾ徶ѡÿʣµĴ࣬ûһƽ
һǧƽ𣬼Ϣǿǽӽǧˣôһʿӣô
⣡
ĸ׿ĿףжʱȥһֱҪ֪Ľ飬뾪ĸףû뵽·ˡ
չ˵𣿡
ҧɫޱȡ岻ֹǷհأһȥΧ飬֪˶ҹӣ֪Ƿ˶˵Ǯ
ֱǵ죡
ողŶеӡû뵽ֹ̬ȷˡ
ף˵鲢
ӲͷƤ
ֻҪңչ˵ģǣǲǣ
˶壬ɫ
ǣ
ͷ
㣡㣡㣡
ûһָָ壬˵
ˣ
ˣ
òᣬһȺӡѾ徸ϽǰĦأæȰ
ү˵ɡ
Ҳǰ⡣ͺ͵飬һֱûиĸסԭܼ򵥣岻ϣĸ̫ġ֪ˣĸ׿϶ⲻ˶롣
ԼҲЩҲԼҲԼĸ׵ѹһЩ
ͺ͵飬岢û׼ԶĸףֻǿԼƺѡһʱ
ԶհЦǰһĻɲϣġ
ݺݵĵһۣܿתͷĸסȻ鱻ͱƣһ㶼š
ףĲһһǧ߰ƽȻ٣⣬ȫԽ
ٴô
ΧһЦ
ǼǸˣһµ㻨ǮҲǼӣҲʮʮ
ҲһôǮҲӪҵǻ
廹Ź֡
ǣһǧ߰ƽڵ˵¡
ף˵ǮҲûȥӻˡ

⣿ʲô⣿
ڻ仰ڵ
ʱˣ壬㻹Ҫƭĸ𣿡
հعЦĻȫڶʲô⣬ȫǺ˵˵
ʲôƭҼүʲôʱ˵ѣһǧƽȥ
ʱһͻȻӴڴ͸¶ŨŨĲм飡ӰûһӰȷ˳
հزһڵʯһʱǶڵϣ죬ȴһɫĻƽ
һɲǣհ΢΢ɫ
꺣ã
ڿ첽꺣üëһ棬Цʵʤ۱磬˵˵ģֻ˵
үԸЩһӦýǵǆʲôһ²żʮӵĻҲүᲢۣ
꺣ĿˣľӴ󲽶ٽĶ
һӻٴʲôӣ㵹ó
ΧĸĹӵܲˡ
հ˵ǣǣǲҵֿҲǵģһӻô£Ҳֲмǡ
ŵĹ幫ӵһܲˡ
ߣ
꺣ĺһȻֻһ顣飡˫һɣеľӣصҵϡ
ӵľҵ֧飬һƬӲӵĶӿ˳Ȼȫǻƽ
ৣ
һɲǼ䣬˺ͣˡ绪ҲסˣѾǻվŵһѻƽ˵
ǰʱ䶼·ͣ
ⲻܣ
հشֻ۾ԺΨһ뷨


74 ʷة
ŵںϣһµŲӣհصУǾòôƽġ
ڣֹһǧƽ𰡣
հɵˡ
꺣¡ĸоֱ仯˶Ц
ӣЩ˲ؿ͸ôɲźã
꺣
ûԸСˣ͸
¡һԸŵ
壬һǰȻ෴ľ޴仯֣µʱһֱǲϲġ
ܶʱ˶жз顣
Ǹһʱ˶Ŀʱһ췭ظı仯ۼ֤಻˼顣
УѾٲȻܳǰ;Сӣά˭Ҫ˵Ļ˭ǸΪУ˵һ
հԼҹӣ꺣ܵˡ
ɵúã
尵˸Ĵָһʵʤ۱磬˵ٶ࣬û꺣һҵ塢Ч
꺣һۣԼȥЧ
Ҵǰĵģ˶ڵǧƽסˣĸ绪ס˵
ܹùĻƽ𣬵ǵһλƽûԼţھ˸ȦֱӾͽ˰ȡд
ڶΣһκ𩣬һ˴øһδƽؼңһܷġ
ˣ˶֪
ôƽ𣬼˵Ҳһľ޿
ѯôǮǶģסˣڿɲʱ
㣬ôǮ
һ竹۾ŵϴ©Ļƽ𣬻͸𾪡
ڰǮˣҪȻҲǮ塣ǺĲԶˡ
ǧĻƽ𣬶˵ֱ
ͻȻ֮䣬ͻȻ֮͸о˺֮ǰľ޴Ĳ࣬ڤڤ֮Уһ޴ĹֺبǺ֮䡣
ֵǣһߵ壬ѳǵĲΣΪĴڣ
廹Ǹ壬ǿȴ϶һĶ
Ͳǹˡ
ĿɨܣһЦ
һǧ߰ٶƽƾɡ˳˵һ䣬ұ׼ÿ˶෢һƽ𣬲ȻǰհضԸңȻûˡݽֻЩûˣ
һ
˵ˣ
٣ҵ¡ոһֶû
Ҳûа٣ֻ·

һƽôûˣڳʱһƬЩλͣ͵ȻǲհأҲǲչ
ǴƳ͢չҲûһĵزȻҲ˲հصʡǱ׸ģڶһƽôܵˣ
ⶼֵԼһˣ
ɲСĿ˻Ƶأ˵ȣúþˣ
Ϊհôһɲɵ£ʧôӣһӶˡ
ٺ٣ү
꺣¡û˵ֿ졣ŽóһǮðհڲ˺ˡ
һЩӼģͶհƿڴˡ
ǰû֣үȻô
ѡ
ǾôѽӸǣЩһɲ顣ͻȻұ׼ٶ٣ΪǸհ췴ͳͳȡˣûˣЩ˵ʹ֪
꺣¡վԣܿЩ竹ӰʹдˣհصĲǴѴѡ
һ˵ʱ򲻸ŭһȺ˾Ͳһˣ
쵰ǲҪ˵˵
հϵУʱּòװһôӵܣۿžҪĻˣհܸġ
һȣ
ĿӵعڵϵľӣհԺеһ͵ǰһָЩƽȵ
壡һ¾Ӫƾһˣôƽ𣿺ߺߣػ̰ܻߣ˱˵Ļ¸
հصĿͱˣ壬ͺһҪķθ巴һš
հڷӦһң괦벻״̬ôĻƽ
հǾƲʡôǮ⡣
ʷٹ٣ټְͣ࣬ȴ͵͵̰ôƽɲܲ𣿡
հͻȻתŤͷһ֨ƣŴ򿪣һ۰׷߳˳
Ҳ֪˶ãֱʱհкŴ˳
岢ʶߣǿġʱɫ䡣һʷһʷة
հΪ˶Ըֹ˴ةһһʷ
հأ
ݺݵĶհأɫޱȡةŪһ˹ؽµη
͢ʷհصĿɾͲһˡңǰûиԼתˡ
ó͢ʷڳ֮Ҵ£ȴίһԼЩСﴽǹལҪ˵հزıѾãš
հأҵģ
һĨ׹⡣
ˣӣոеҶˡչӵĻҲˡҲǴ֮ңŹһΪҰ塣Ҳ뻳ңһӵĻƽ𣬿¾ܹٺ»ġϷʷٹ٣ټ͵Σҿ±Լ±ˣ
ʷ˵һһֵ³ÿһ³·ǧ֮ء
ҴΧ˵ŭհϡʷ֮һֶҶ˵Ŀη塣
ڴƣûбЩʷ˺µˡһ˵һ仰û˵ã볯͢ʷǿ۵ġ
ڴƣӲӵ֪ܶڴ˭ǣǲЩ͢ʷ
κһʷΧʮڶǽûκӵܸЩʷΧ컨أ
˭Ҳû뵽հؾȻһ͢ʷ͵͵ĲҺһҡ
հ쵰𣿾ȻҰʷ֪ⷸ˴𣿡
ּɵּɺޡ
հضԸûϵʷֱǰҲܵϡΪ˶ԸңͶҦҺֱ伫ˡ
˼ֱ޲þհغǸʷʮǧƫƫڴ˭ҲҶһʷϣľ鷳ˣ
հоյı仯ںĿֻһϡ
尡壬Ϊֻ㱾𣿼ȻҪġͷҦңû׼Ϊһ
հЦ
֮ǰѾȫ׼һ廹һǧ߰ƽôة͸ҵһ԰ִ
һʲô۶ӣȻܹ𣬡ȻᷢôһʷةҲһɵó
ôҶٽӡ

ץֱУɫ԰ޱȡ
ʷſڣⲻС¡ֻҾҪڳܵˡȻЩﳤ̵ġ
͢ϵ飬һ˼֪ʱֽš


75 µһʦ
ġ
սĸ׵ֵʲôʷ¡ôĴˣһʷ
̣Ҳ֪һ㡣ʹبͣүүŹڴƱأƺر𿴲㣬Ҳꡣ
⣬ʷ֮УɺչϵҪȻհҲôӣҰˡ
ʷ㻹аʷٹ١ټͣʲôʱɼලͨ˵ˣҵٺ»ȷʵ۲ǧĻƽ𣬵һ۲𣬡ѵҲ𣿡
֪ĵϸ˵ҲͲôˡ
˵˶ǺȻʷǰ˶Сܲ˵Ͳ˵˵˵˵˵ٴΨֱʷϳ͢Ȼҵ涥ײʷ
ӣ˵䡣
ʷǿЦġ
꺣¡ͷںӡǾеĴϴ֣ھд˼꣬ҲЩǾԲǵġ
ӣ˵ЩǮ׬ģ
ʷ۾һһԱߵ塣
ǣ
ԥհͨʷץİգҴطˡͨͿʯһ׬ǮЩоݿɲ飬ʷҪҲ޻˵
Ц壬ƾ㣿
ûȸʷڣհؾ̲סЦ
Ǿֱ¡ֻĽڣֱǰ˵ɵӡôб£ҿ͸ˣﻹ˵ʲô
ʲôûǮ˲Ž
ʷ棬ȻҺ˵˵ſڿӡ
ӣû˵ʵɲС¡
ʷҲڵ͸һζ嵱棬ȻҺ˵˵ܲ
ֱǶʷȨս
ߣŲ㡣˵׬ģ׬ģѵõ˵ѡʷȨ󣬵Ҳûֵزɡô׬ǮѵҲ㱨𣿡


Ļ̲Ȼŭ
㵽ô̵ĺӣʷӣ⣬޶ĲƸԴѵҲ׼ô𣬻ӣ
̺ݺݵһԵ绪Ŀޱȡ
ʷĻ˶ʱɫһסӣɲС
Ҫ˵ˡ
æס֡
ʷ
дŭҪ¥£ͻȻ֮һ߿
ӲѾ˵˭˵˵ѣӵһӦ
¡¡ضɽҡ˻ûзӦôһ¡Զĳ־̳һȿֱֺҸڵķ

һϵı־ڳӵܷ׷ʧɫЩûϵ־ǴڵĽ
ؽǣôʲô
ÿÿÿСӶӹһȥ
Ҳҵ۾ͷ𣿡
£ǰĻС¶˿

һߺһڳӵһǳǸ
ݣڹ͢Ľǰá
ÿÿÿ
Ͽ
Щ˵Ͳ

һȿֺڣһ㶼ûͣµļڹӵɫ䣬׷׶ԼϿ
ʷ̿ЩҲסɫ˱䣬ϽվһߡĹٺٴͬϵͳȻ˵ȫûйͨЧȴ
Ծܻڳϵһֱ࣬ںʥϣǶЩͬĽȴûʲôð취
¡¡һȺ绢ȺڹӵΧɵȦӣȫ֮
ڹӵܷ׷ܣߡ
쿴
ͻȻ˷ʲôҲˡ
Щ˾Ȼǽͷ죡
żϣһͷͷΡΡΣΣڹӵһĺȻѾ˳ɵˣ˵ĸԶˡ
ڽ˶Щ˽⡣ͭıΡΡΡΣʲô˶õġ
Щǽеͷ죬Щеλͷ죡
Щһôˣ
֪ϸһȻѡЩͷ춼ЫӡϻһĽɫЩˣšСƵģ档
ߣԭǣ
ʷ̱˵һߣЩͷ췴ͣ½Ųˣǰ߹ˣ
ǽڻʹӣܵʲôСϷʱһְص
٣ʷˣ֮𣬵Ҳû˵һ̶뿪ʹɣ˵ѵ򼸰ѽҲҪ㱨𣿡
ЩͷһӣŨüë촽һᡢԵѱôˡ
򽣣
հпһʲô
ʲô˼ʲô򽣣
ʷ
٣ø˵
ʷЩȴ¡ľӣܳͷǵģֻǶͷ˾͵ʥϡ
ʷȴǲڴС
ٺٺ٣ӱЩһϣ½߾ɼӣ
ǼǧΪôǮȻݹӡƽ𣬹ֻȥ
ϹǵˣµһʦʶĽƯҲΪһڡǮҶ
쵰Ҷû˵أӰҲһֻɣ
ӣŵùҷġֻһ㣬ǵϵıʯ治ôƯⲻԼˡſЩʯʣµȫˣһҪ󣬰Ư㣡
Ҫô࣡ӣҺǲһʲôҪʲôҲһ

ĿɿڴɫУһȺոջĽ죬һתǰһϥֱ˲ӡ
ֺõӣĵӣֱ˶޷ţǸոȺ۸߹ֱĽͷ졣
⣬ô£
һȺĿɿڴȫӦʲôʱôħˣȻЩܱôǫˡ
ͬĿɿڴһȺӣѾ徣ūȫĿȫ䵽ϡ
ǰһĻ̫˼ˣҲֻܽ͵ͨ
пЦãͬô¡Ⱥ̫ͻȻˣȫͷֻµһ㣬ӦǺԼȸֽйء
ΪʲôͻȻʱǲס
һȣȷûиҪҵľ壿
ͻȻһԱߴհشȺ˳ɫ侲Ŀ¡ǾƲʲôһʦЩ˳֣ĵһӦЩǲҴطˣֻҴˡ
ʲôˣСеģ
ϹĹˣµһʦʶ
ٺ٣Ƕֱӵ֣СӾȻֱʦ֣ģһվȥ
ʦСӲֵ㶯Ҫ㶯ֽѵ

հһ仰˵һȺŭⲻѣֱ˵ɫ࣬ѿѡ


76 հص֣֮
հشСҪ÷磬Ҫִܹ꣬衣
ƫƫͷһЩˣĶʵ˵հصͷǰҲûУ
壡裬ҳỹģ
հضԸЩʵǿĽͷ죬ʵϣЩͷֽʲô֪һȫϡ
岻֪հص˼Ҳȥհͨ죬յӣͦġ
ǸȺͻȻֵĹ͢ڹעġΪֹ嶼֪ΪʲôһȺȿֺķӵԼſڡ
ôˣҲ봦ġ
λ飬һ˵
һתȺԽԽ࣬ɲ˵ĵط
䣡
巢ڽϲЦΣ׷׺ȻӦ
ӵģ
˵ôô죬˭ҵңӲ
ӣܷԸǶģ
ӣһҪӦҪ򲻵ȸֽһģ

һȺĵհصɫ죬а޲ѡ͢ǰһ۸ڶ˭Ҳʲôʱôķеġ
岻֪ʲôħȻʹЩͷӣ
հػãڳȨͿɵˡ
壬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ȻýĽ춼ôУ
ǾȻҪհضԸ
ʮհضĶְǼʯͷ

һȨӵܿűڽӵ壬ĽѣҲ֪Լʲôʱһ棬ܵôĽά
Ľָ֮࣬еľη
ڵѾԶԶΣĴڡ
¡ȥһ¡ӴţֽѰϽЩӶһ¡
ûˣָһԵ¡
ǣү
¡ӦԶţȻЩȨ߲ƣһ¹һ£үԸǺϲġ
ҼүȣƽǣǵӰɡ
¡ʼٺЩȨӵܵ
ǮһƬ׷ӿ˹ȥĺøУʱ
λˣÿһƽ»ֲܶ
һȨӵС
ģ
¡һƬЦ֮ĹϵȴǻͲ١
忴һĻ΢΢һЦҪתȥͻȻ֮䣬ĿӹһӰһ䣬ȵ
հأߣ
һȷ·׹ҴǰĽֵϿӹʮ⣬հػһŲȻֹͣɫǰԶĵط
ͬһʱ䣬˷Ŀλչõϡ
ԭֺĽֵһɲǼžͻȻֱ֮ý
壬
հת̨ϵ壬һһס
ƴ䣬Ĵǳ͵͵뿪û뵽Ǳ巢ˡ
ߣˣ㲻Ϊô׵ľ߰ɣ
һ
հЮƶ͵͵˴ةʻ̣ΪǷ£Ըҡ
հضԸԼ廹ǿԭǶҷѣǾ˺Ƥûʲô˵ˡ
ҪհôȥͲˡ
ҴǰʱøӰˣҲø΢ЩհشȨӵܸǴ˵
Ȼеʱ˵еʱȴη岻ѡڵ壬Ȼƽ¶һϢ֪Ϊʲô˸оηѡ
ôô˵棬ѵ㻹ңҳֲɣ
հЦ
ǰͲ֣书κ𩶼Ķ࣬͸ӲĶ֣ô˵棬ʷдةͲкҵĻ֡
ٺ٣ģҲ˶֡
ﲻ֪հص뷨հΪԸԼҪԶ֣Ǿʹشˡ
ҪģɲһƤ֮ô򵥡
հأҪҲԡǴƾʦηҪ鷳һˣһˡ
Ц
仰һհɫ䡣
ң
Ϊʲôң
ĿһתһԸʷ
ʷ׽Ӱܸ桢̰͢سմõ
ܿ͢سΣһ٣̣֮߹أ
仰ȴһԵĸʷ˵ģհة³Լ˫ִԼһҪĹִܾ
ʹһ棬û˱ЩةϤˡ
䣡
ةһ䣬ͬһ䣬ڳ˶ɫ䣬հظһֽ꣬
һֱûвʷҲɫһ
˷׽Ӱܸ泯͢سǴĹ涨ĴһǲһĴ͢سǵ۹Źɣûȷ֤ݣʲô˶ܸһ͢سɺͳ
Գ̶͢ءΪ˶ž
˵͢سͲܶˣֻǶЩСˣһҪݺ塣հ֮ǰֻŴңѹûʧ֮ô
ĸǱ߹ش󽫣بǳ͢سүүŹʥհһӴңڰЩͳͳˡ
˵ܸ泯͢سǰ仰ûԩ
һΣҪհһݺݽѵ
ʷˣ˰ɣӷͬʷˣ㲻ΪչĹϵͶհԴɣ
ةȻԼ˵ʵǳԤϡãҪհؽûбѵ
ӣ˴ˡˣչҲ٣ֺչڳְ͢ǳ͢ŹɣΪôһСӵֽʵڹأ
˵һԵ˵չշҲǱн飬ҪȻҲӦհص󣬸һˡ
ܸ泯͢سⲻС¡հҪΪ飬ץ£Ҳȥ
չǲ˵
Ҳ֪ûõġĿ׼绪ⷽҪ˵Ķࡣ
ֻҪ˿ڣ¾ܴ»СС»ˡ
ˣһ˼Ҳ͢¡͢г͢ôôɡˣ˵ǰɣ
绪ҲǷ˺ݡհ߲ƣһִļơ飬ֲ֪Ⱥɾˡ
һɼؼҷ硣鱻ʷϳ͢һûˡ
û
⸵ʷǰԴҵʱȫһ°£˵ӡհأȴֻһʲô˴ˣҲУ͸Ӳܰˡ
ˣ
ɫһ䡣û뵽˾ȻͻȻôǿơ
˵ˣˣ͢г͢ĹأҪ˸ٳ𣿡
ʷ̣˵ĻᣬһԸʬة
λˣҶԴһءǸòΪհصĸǵͶһɣ
ôܣ
ةʱУֱͬһ㣺
ˣհظҴȥǾԼԴش°ɣ
ǣˣ
˹ȥһһЮסհأȥ
˵壡ӲŹġƣ
հƿڴһ·ЮţֻһʹĴةҲ˵ת¡¡ȥһʧڽֵͷ


77 ˣ
հغܿ챻ߣչȨ죬Ҳûһʱ䣬ʱ㹻հúôһʱ䣬Զסνѵˡ
ߣȥ̸
½¡꺣ܿкڽ죬ۡȥ
ֶΣ
һȺƵĴָ׷һЩУûʲôΪͬ
ЦЦҲûж˵Щӭ˿
һ彻̸Ȼ֪飬ȷ֮ԴĽڴſڣͽеԷ糾Ѳ˹ϵ
Щ˵Ҳܼ򵥣Ǿ򽣵ģЩĻƽˣһЩǶȸֽϵ觡顢ʯڱˣԴ˴ж觡顢ʯѡ
֮һ仰ֻҪܹõһȸֽЩ˲Ƴɱ
һЩ˵ţһĬĬ˼ȸֽͨ¥ѾκԼնҴıԼȷȸֽµһͷ
ѵһȸֽԷ糾ҲɹԼڽдͷȺ棬ǳԼг
ӵҪ
ϡΪôĽ󽣣ǲһһӦġĻһѣȸֵļ۸䡣
Բķƴơ
ôĽܾҲǾԲеġ
ȸֵķѾ֪
ڴһȺԲԼҪʱͻȻڵһеע⡣
ԽĵԽǺķʱ䡣һͨܰͳˡһѶľûǿ졣

ǣǣ˵Ķԣ
˵Щңһͨıһ£µһȻҪķѸѪʱˡ
ǵʱĻǵȵ𣡡

һȺ˷׷׸ͣ⵹ǹάĵóϷȻֻʮ꣬Уµһʦͷȴʵȫǿʵƴģ
ﲻ󣬶ܻôҵĳϣ
ҪǣȸֽǿۼʶģǸ𺳺ͳǲһӿҵġ
ȻףǾ͸ˡ
ڴʦ΢΢ЦͲ󣬵һȺλǷĽУȻȻ¶һֳ졢󷽡صζһҲ·
Ҫ򽣣ҲԡĹء
˵ͣţһŷ˷еĽʱ¶ɫ
ÿʦһЩú͹أЩأ˲⣬˶ĺϸ
һĽǾƷÿһỨѴʱѪˣʱҪһ¡
û⣬û⡣
˷׷׸֮͡Կ壬ĽǿĽһ޶ԶƷʡ
ĻôĽ¥̣αô鷳桢עľǷǳ͵ġ
ڶÿһֻֽÿһۿʽʽ񶼻Ƕһ޶ģҾֵڶ
һָ
Щ뷨ǸողԴεġϡΪЩֻǿʼ˶ԼµһʦĻô;ԲܴظܰԼ󣬲ҽ󻯡
ÿһÿӵвͬĿʽʽ񡭡Ҫ󣬶ʦǸСѹ
Ƕ˵˴֪ʶЩĲ⣡
Ҫܲÿ¶ı
˿ʼͷͬһ²һһʱ̲ס
ôˣô
ЩĽͷʮÿ²ųһѽǺ²õ㹻Ľ
Ǿ͸򵥣
Ц
ÿҶһᣬÿһѽֻ֮ǰĽߣ⣬Բμӡ˭ĳߣ˭ߡ˵һ䣬ޣʲô˶Բμӵġ
ֻЩ¹ԤˣſԲμᡣڽˣҿԸŻݣԺ򽣵ʱǿԻþ۵ŻݡںˣǾͲ۸ˡ
䣡
˿ʼʱ򻹾̫٣һ¡ޣﻹܵô࣬һϡ
ӣû⣡Ը⽻Ǯ⣡
ӣԤǶ٣ھ
ӣһҪҡҿʵң
ӣһλã

ȿֺ󣬷׷ӿ˹ȥЦɲֹЩͷ죬ǵһģٳһ㣬Ͳӡ
һЩ˵룬֪Ҫʲôӡ
һֻһ¡
ʲô£
ЩʦĸˣҪǣѾ˵ˣÿһǶһ޶ģʽͶȻͬ
ټµһͷղؼ۸񣬾ԼãպתȥҲԿ׬һѡ
ȻǰǼʶ㻹У
ڣÿһֻһ¡Ǯ飬ֻҪǮܽ£Ƕðˣ
һȺ˷ӵֻֿ˻ԤһزõֶΣʲôռʽ
Ҳѧá
ʱҪľǴĻƽǰЩͷ죬ÿһݣһʾ޴֡
ǰŵǷֻ˶ʱ䣬ÿ˶Ǽƽ£һˡл꺣¡ʼд־ݡ
¥ȸֽļ۸ѾƽʸǶƽ
۸񲻵ͣҲ̫ߣһżԼЩҪ򽣵ġԤ£Ҳֱ˵
ÿһԤӦһʸ񣬳忪ʸˣӵȨ򲻵ĻеԤǿ˵ġ
Ȼ˵ĻԤʸҲתˡҲһϵģΪһˣ˭õԤʸһľŻݣ
Ԥʸͱֻ͸ӲԸǮˣ
ӵһ֪ʶ䣬һ棬绹ûܺᲢۡ
꺣¡ȫʮ죬ܹʮӣȫһһдÿ˶ƽԤ𣬼ʮ
һʾ޿
׬Ǯ¡꺣̾ΪֹֹΧѶҵĻѾߡū͡ӣҲɵˡ
ԼүҲ̫˼˰ɣдӣʲôҲɣ׬ʮƽ
ֱͨ찡
үǾʦ׬Ǯĺ̾޼ֶ΢ֵһᡣ
ûΰɣ
үǼү𣿡
ԺҲɾ޸֮ˣ

һȺҷ˼ʮӡˡѾ御۾һѸߵӣǼ˵˵ţͻȻʹȥˡ
񰡣
ҷһӣʲôʱôǮ
ҽڼһӣڷˣ
һգۼ䣬ǼӼιȥˡιȥʱ򣬶˷ܡҸ
ү̫ˣ


78 Է糾Ϣ
еĽ춼ǳ˶˶ȥġ
ȻûõȸֽǻµһʦʸҲ㹻ˣ˵о۵Żݡ
ôĽ죬ְǸߵģССǰҲ󿿣
ڶƽǷ°
ڴĽģĸûгģƽȻ٣Щ㼶˵ʲôˡ
ͱЩ죬尲׵̤֮ĸ绪ķ䡣
ĸ׵һֱЩӺѾ德̵ģһΣ֮⣬ûˡ
ʮƽ𣬶ѻͬСɽһ㣬˺ܴĳǽ֮ţļУҲǼʶ㣬嵯ָ֮׬ʮƽڼң绪˵һ޴𺳡
Ӱƣȡ֮еǺһЩĵ˹ᣬЩƽ绪Ȼ̡
ǸոһĿãнͷ춼Ǹ߸˵İѻƽʯͣеĻԼ͵ˡ
ȻЩǮ·Ǻġ
⵽ô£
ﾲĵģϣŶ壬ʳеĻʮƽ£ڶûл
壬̫ˡ
õ̹׵ʱˣ
վĸ׶棬ʹͷԺһͷȻõʱ򣬵˵ܱȲ˵á
ε飬͸ܴĽѵеʱԼǺãδľǺá
Ժһ˼·Ѻ͵飬ǰǰԭԭ˵˳
ԣǽЩȨӵܵǮųﵽǮ
˵
һ˵ͷ
˶Ŷ壬ϸĴ˵ĸоôһɲǣ绪İĸоһ̣һĸ׵ο
ǳˣ
˶
һĸ׵Ĳӳڵ壬һֱӡǮһֱһ㡣
ϼ壬£ب˪С壬ԼԼڣûκһо̵츳
ĴبѾǻˣڼ֮УãӪ˼⡣
ҲˣЩĴ󸻴֮ұȣʮǧ
˾Ͳھ̵Ĵ硢ڣûһڣ绪ȴԼСĶӿһ־˵ģԶԶκ˵ľӪ츳
ʮƽ
ʾ޸㹻ϼгԱʲôĻϼʮˣ
ĸףԲ飬Ҳ㡣
ͷ
ҡҡͷ
ӣͨε飬ҲоóıˡԺЩͲظˣĴ󵨵ȥɡ㣡
ס
жĸ˵
ĸ׷гҲ˺ܶࡣȻ㱻հã󻵺˺¡
ͨε飬ԼҲ׵Ӯĸ׵Σĸסȥɡĳŵ
Ժһ书ܿĴøֱҴҵĸϵҡ
Щˣ
øֽŵĵһ˵
š
ͷ
٣ЩһﷴӦÿ졣ҽϻûϹǣ
ҡͷЦ
˷ϲ¾ˬԴӴӱСλϵ˶ҲһЩ
øʹǲǷʲôˣԷ糾йأ
ʵ
òʱЩ˵ĺ䡣ǲ˵ʲô¡Щġ
ûԷ糾ܻХ죬νͳˡǼڣΨһһ½ͳ죡
ǰҲûӣֱӿżɽ˵ࣺ
ͳͻХʵ࣬Х߳һ㡣һΣռıˡͳһֹն˻Х﹬ڱѩϵİռ׶һϣ嶼һʿ
ʱۿ˲٣һλĴͳ졣˶ͳһסˡǰһ϶ԱߣһͿȻﵽˣ
ХԷ糾ǽеĴ¡ֹ漰һͳλã漰˽ϵ
һ㣬ˡ
øȻ˵ĲǺϸҲܸоóһսضΪգ
Դͳ죬Ǻ¡
ʮƽ飬Ҳһһ˵˳Է糾ͻХ֮ͳ֮䣬ѾΪԼıˡ
δкܶҲ֮ı䡣
֪ͳ֮󣬵õֹԴ࣬Է糾Ǩ֮·֮ᣬҲƻĵϴͳλá
ø׽йԺԷ糾ڽҲȻǰ;
һϵԺڽҲϺܶࡣңøһֱһ
ܸԷ糾ڽɻڴҵʵҲˮǴߣǿ١
鲻ǵһԺ󻹻иҹԣ齻øԴڹţøҷܶࡣ

ȸֽڽеˣʸԼˣ嶼׼ȫȨø
ⲻǷ㣬˵Ľݸô⡣ͨһ飬Դ߹øڽеĵλ
ȺĽͷ졢죬Ǵͳ춼ڹøֵʱ򣬹øڽеĵλͿ֪
ԺǨ֮·»ȹøҪöࡣԷ糾ԼһţһҲҹø鷳
ǣЩҪȸֽĽͷ죬ϵĶСֻⷴԷ糾͹øڽеĵλʹδǨʱֹ
Щ˻ԺȸֽʵĻ
֮ȸֽڹøֵУܷӳõЧ
İɣ֪ôˣùʲôʱпգʱȥøģָָһ߰ȴ۸ֵͣùúҶϣǽѵѵ
ֵ
ЦЦùú͹øиȻøȴǴաҴУΪĸǿƣϸһûʲôǳձ顣
ڱùáøһֱеϣϧƺ˵ԽԽԶ
õģʱһȥġ
þүүٳأҲһҪȥġʱټҲһ
ʮƽ̫ˡԴչˡ
͹ø뿪ңûκεĳɣ꺣¡ִһƽֱ鱦̣ҵаȺͰС
λʦ300ͿʯǮѾȫˣ
һָ˸ơ
飡
꺣¡̧һӣصķŵ˰ȺͰǰ
ƽλȥɣ
Ŵݵ
ǰȺͰ˼ȣĻҲкݺݵһ¡֮࣬ҲЩɻ
ǹӣ֮ǰǸƽ𣿶ĲǻʳΪʲôôƽѾԶԶƽˣ
ƽ֮ǰѾʮһˣԶԶ˽Լ
˴󲻽⡣


79 Ұ
λҲǡΪǵĺͿʯ׬˲Ǯˮ˼Դʱ˸ǽ׵Ľÿ300ƽÿ400ƽ𣡡
Ц

һĳԾ
֪ڼҪЩǮλʦ;ȥɡģ͵һҵԤ𡣵ȻֻǵһԺź۸ǿߵġ

ӣ
иˡһָĸжܶ˵⣬˳⣬޽˵顣
ǳأǶǮġ˭Ǯأ
׬ǮȫûбҪǮģѾôˡ
ӣ飬һ̹ǵġǴлл㣬ӷģպǱк񱨡
ȡ˵ͷ
ЦЦû˵
岢ɵӣûпڣ׵Ľÿ300ƽ400ƽ𣬼۸֮һ
Ǯûطиε˼
ʮ͢յ60Ԥһ뵽ľαֺͿʯĹӦһøĿʯ
һȸֽǷӲʲôõģٱȸֽҲЧޣֻСģսзãܷӳսԵá
ҪﵽֲֿģһսƵãȸֽװﵽżţƵľţսϷӳҵ
ҲܰδɵԸʹ
ԴһʼҰľͲֹ300ͿʯͿʯɽܣɽ
ʮƽʹҰľ߱һĿɲԡ
·;ңԶʳ֧ҪĶ࣬徺Ϳʯһòǵһʵ
ˮ¥̨ȵ¡һһԶĽɫǣȿңԶޣԽߵĴʳ֧
Ҫʳֻ֧ǴӼ۸¡
ȡȻû˵ԼҲµó300ƽһĵ׼ۣҪȻҲᡰһֶɡˡ
ʳ֧ȻҲͬļ۸
𡱣ܹԼõ棬ôһȿ·;ңԶޣ֧ʳ
ͬʱԼߵõô棬ֻԴʳ֧ԸߵǼ۸һô࣬ʳ֧ԽܣǾԲôɵģ
˫ìܼӴֻʹԼ棡
ĵҰĺı
ƽСĺͿʯӦ´
Ӱɫ̳̲סЦһȻȥ˹

հرץ£ؽηҴǰʱһȨȦӡ
ʲôհرץ¥Ǹ˾壡
ϢҦңҦһֳӣ۵𾪡һֱڵհصϢû뵽ȴ
ǣӡչǱߵõϢѾ³ǰȥӪչӡڣǱߣĽĻƽ鱦ȥһµһʦ
߷ɹڵϵ鷢ʱ򣬸߷ҲȺֻСģ֪ʶԼһֱܽע⡣
հرץ¥ϵġ¥ϵµһʦϢ˵Ҳе𺳣š
һʲôֵôࣿһδɵСӣôֱ£
Ҧҧгݵڲ֮ǰлֻһʦӵܣҵĶֻһܣͰŪڹ֮䡣
һɲǼ䣬Ȼͱʲôµһʦ
ת̫ˣҦȫ޷ţӽܲˡ
Ҳ֪ǽܸչ֮ǰҲʹǲŪˡֻǻЩĳЦ
߷ɹڵϵ
صݴ𺳣Զֹӣ⼸ˡʵϣڳӵܶܵ˾޴ĳ
ʱ򣬰ϻۼ˴ӵܣ¡ͨ£ȨӵеĵλѾˮǴߣﵽһͨ󼰵ĵλ
ǽŵڣ˿ѷɫҦҡҦҵҦүʾɱ£ҵľŹͬޡ
ҦɽҾɽ
ֻǣҲ¾Ӫһֱҵ㡣ֲ㣬ͬﵽ󸻴ĻôұҦҾһ㶼ˡ
˽£̸壬˵һ㶼ѷɫҦ磬ǾǶĹ֮һ̸֮䶼кܶη塣
Щ߷ǲҵҦ˵ġ
ﾲĵġ
Ҧվڷû˵粻
Ϊһհأװ˷ôʱ䡣ִǸƻˡ
ҦԺд˷
ȥɡչհһ취øϣġ
Ҧ翪ڵ
лӣ
߷ɴϲǶȥ
Ÿ߷ɵıӰҦֻЦһ߷Ȼû˵²չġ
ܸ泯͢س壬ݣ
ҦЦһ
հˣһʮ꣬һʮ꣬Сӡ鱾ֲȥġ
հûãץסʹšһܸ泯͢سȻŪҲ㹻һˡ
չȨ󣬵ƫƫ̲ûһϵ飬ֻҦң
뿪䣬Ҧܿլȥ
ͬһʱ䣬һֻŸз˳Ҧҵլڷ˳ȥŸգɹؿռ䣬ȻһǶһ¥
ৣ
ӻûз£봰̨ߣͻȻ֮䣬һӴ򿪣Ӱһӱ㱻ץ˽ȥ
ߣڿʼˡ
һƮӷﴫȻһϢֻҲƺӷʧˡ

ɫˮڵϣǽϡͬ˪һ
¹£Ӱ棬վھҲԶһϡЩĸߴÿһ϶һ䵶ĿԶҡ
εжΣҪŪһĵһ񽣣⣬ҪٵɱˣĽŵڣˣ͢ͻϲ顣Щ˷ǳ
һΪ׵վǰ˵ñ˽ƣԼ͵ʵϣб˵ģҹҲûãһԷֱ
ǣ죡
һȺ˵ͷĻû˵һǾϸѵԷ
ܺạ̃ÿ˴ˣһӣܿεסһܶ࣬ҽŵڣ澭ѲҹĽǵĿ겻ǺսҲɱҵˣѸٵõˡһΪǰᣬùս𣿡
Ϊ׵ĺ˵
ǣ죡
һȺٴε
ãжɣ
һ䣬һȺֱſӥ£䣬߱ڣԶҶȥޱȡ


80 ֧ݿͣ

̯һ߼ֽպպīˮʼ˼ڶȸֽӦʲôĿʽ
ҲɵӣλĶй˵͡ȻǮ͵ĺˬ죬Խˬ죬ԵҪԽߡ
ĵҪܹǲС
ĵƻǱȽϵһܹѡǺܶ࣡
а
ʱ񼸴˴ѴѣΪֻӵķȣȫӵεԭԴ󲿷ֵĵʽһģһ
ֱⷽǾʦļ
þҲӡװֹڵκη涼ǺҪһֻչһֻɣ϶ܶעɡ
һϸ۵ĵͨĵҲǾȻͬġ
ϴѾԹˣڶӦڵϳһ¡
а˼
ԶбеߣȻýԶõĶ࣬ĵλһҲ͡
ΪʹøѣǶĸ֣Ǻúõڽ棬֪üʹĶ⽫졣
Ҫ춨ԼµһʦĵλͲֻ콣ڵϵ춨ϵĵλС
еĽһ۹⼫ˣҪ⣬;Բͨĵ
Ժд˷ܿ뵽һ
繫ϵȸֽһձʿ
ձʿԴڴİȴİҲ˸Ĺ򡣲粢ûձĴڡ
岢׼򵥵ķձʿ׼ձʿĻϣƳһµĵ
պպīˮ˼Ƭֽ̣ܿϻ
Ƭ֮һѺκεͬȫµĵԾȻֽϡѵձʿӵͬĻȣȴһ࣬ﵽ߶࣬ӽ߳ߣ
ǳҲխһЩ
ĵ˵ȫ޷ʹõģϺһˡȴ⡣
߶೤ĵﵽʮͨ˵޷ʹã˵ǡǡܷӳɱ
弸Կ϶ڽЩʹõĶ⽫˵ĳȻӵ
ҪĲϻӺܶ࣬Ҫ
а
ȸֻֽһԭʯֵҪȻɱˣǼ۸ҲӦӡ
Լõֻࡣ

˼ʱ򣬶ͻȻ΢ķüͷһ壬ͣ
ˣ
üͷһӦ˹Ȼ书ʧһҪͷʼ۽硢黹ڡ
ƿյ
ң
ߣΪҿǾʹشˣ
Ц
ʮĻƽ𣬻ȸֽһȺ˵ۺ졣ƥҪ㾯ĶûУǾΪǰıԪ˧ˡ
ۣ
ȻϨϵ˵ץǽϵһȸֽ֨һƿ˳ȥ
κҵһıֻһĴǶ觡ʯʿֽۼޱȡ
Ķû֮ĴңҲû׼ȥһֱڼ
ɫ˪¹£ԿһӰ䣬ܡ棬ǽڣһ·ҿⷿķȥ
ʱһ̽ĺˡ
а
ÿ嶼ԼҪĿⷿЩڽңȴĿȷ·ȻǰʱѾȹ㣬Ӹĸߵҵլڲֺ͹졣
լоĵģЩ֮ûоκһѾߡӡ
վںڰУĿţЦû˵
ŵڻĻ˽ϸƣҪԸЩˣǴ´ࡣ
ˣ
ЩҪҵĿⷿſڵʱĿһԺһͷ
𣡡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬Щ˿ҪҿⷿʱͻȻ֮䣬һ춯صŭͬһ쳹ҸڵϿա
ʲôˣ
ű𶯣һɰĺɫը˴Ҹ֮бһȺ˴ʧɫ·ߵķһ˳ȥ
ӵĸڣ˭Ҵ
һʨӰŭݣȴǿӰƮƮҸг
ⷭ˵ģ˵ģϧûö
ڳˣ
ȺͰдЦͽͶ֮ң֮ǰƽɲǰ׻ġ
ֻǰϣ˰æػңֹ캣ͿʯǼʮƽһ˵˶˵ʹӦˡ
ڿĴˣȡ򺣵ͿʯǮǻˣ鶼ϸ˵˾ͳ
䣡
ԶԶȥֻȡ˾ʨһ㣬Ⱥҡˣ͵סʮ˵ĹĺɫˣǰЩһֽƬһɳȥڵϣˤǽϡ
Ϯ
ͬһʱ䣬еҲҵĻĸ׵סʹѾߡӡūס᷿һ
ԤԤϡȻϵʮƽͺͿʯ죬ôܲ׼
ĸ׾סĵطѾǾסĵطҪĵط嶼Ȱ˻ҲôĴ󵨣˽ˣˡ
ɱ
һȺҵĻ£зͱеĵɫº˸ֻһ԰Ｄҵ˺ɱһ
ҵĻڽŵв࣬ǺٵˡǺЩ˱ǾҪ̫ˡ
ֻĽ֮ڶֻһԺﵽ˸ĺ⡣
ţȻֱˣ
ͻȻ䶯˶һƿֹҵĿⷿԼ鷿ҲЩ˵Ѳ֮С
ݣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬˹ͬʱڰкһ֧䵶˸Ļ⣬оҵתţٵ
үСģ
ڰУػ鷿Χ꺣¡һĻʧɫţȻӺڰг˳ȥ
ˣ
ʯ䣬¡Ȼϵ彣וּһڰһһ֧䵶ȴȻ֮ȥ
ã
֧䵶һӾͱţĵƺҪԴһΪһɫ԰ף亹ˡ
ˣ
Ȼ书ߣķӦȴڼ֧䵶ɲǣһһһм򵥵ġڹɹڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣһ
֮ݣʽ֮򵥣Զ֧˶ˣ
书Уǲ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼô򵥵ʽݡǱɱһ


81 ҹɱ
ಣ
һ֧䵶мתںҹлһ޴ĻκַɵС
ŷӦ
ɵ
˵һҲԣץ䵶˹ȥ
ү
꺣¡ض˵æȥһһңߡ
¡ţ
һ¡ڵϵĽ˹ȥ¡ܿһȺ֧ĺսһ
սǳң岢ûвͽȥʵЩ˵Ķ֡
꺣¡ǾĺȻΪսԭܹˣʵЩ·Ǿ顢ϣһʱ
еĻԽԽ࣬Ѿ߸Ϲˡ
벻֧ıȻֹá
ƳһЩе֧䵶Щ֧䵶Ȼһƶתʹá
ҲǵһμʹַóʹַҪܸߣĻɱ֣Լͱ䵶նɱˡ
ҲǺЧӦɡ
а
ϱӣûͺͿʯΪԼغδƣǰ˺ͿʯȸֽŻЩ֧ݿ͡
¡ʯ£
꺣Գף
ͻȻڵ
ʹģ¡гһ̧бֱһոĺؿڣ꺣ͷ­һƫʯһ֧䵶
¡ã꺣ֱӳһ亹Ҫ弰ʱѣ¾ͱ֧䵶вˡ
Сӵɱ
һ䣬ڡѣոѾһˡ
ߣ
ЦһȻ֧ǿһͼ꺣¡ԸԼҲ֪ǵĴˡ
ûǳ֣ͻȻˡ
ಣ
ִһͻȻ˴һ𣬷·һŵֱ꺣¡֮λá
үҪ
Сģ
˴ʧɫЩÿһԪ˽ϵĸ֣Щ˾ɱĬκһ˶Ķ֣˵Щһˡ
ôֱԼԼյء
Сӣ
꺣¡мλãһҲע⵽Լ˹壬͵Цһе֧䵶ƬƬ⣬֮ն
һұը硣
ˣ
ҽһ죬棬ɼڵʯһֻһ˲䣬ͻȻһնں˴㵵ĿУһնϡ
Ǳ
Сģ
һĻΧĺһƬȻ˲ϳеȸֽ֧ʳԵռĿأҲ˺ܶѪһǾƷ
е֧䵶ȻĪ£ҲˡܽһնϣҲֻ¥ϵǱˡ
˶ʱһƬҡ
Ǳûô֪Ǳ󣬶ʱͶ˺ܴļɵ
ɱ
ķӦо˶ֵĻңǽʱ꺣¡ʱѾ˼ŷ֣˵һںһ˹ȥ
ں˶ʱӻˣֻһգ۾ͱ꺣¡ն
׼ƴɱʱͻ飬ʯͻȻӶĺӳ˼
ЩؾըƬŨ̡
ãС̣
󾪣п壬û뵽Щ֧ĺ˾Ȼְ˵ɲǣƬʲôҲˡ
䣬룬æסǿڣһţȥ
ûᣡ
ɱǱֻҪ˲ùˣ
֮У˴ϲȻֱỤ̃ƺ˿Ũ̵Ӱ졣
ã
д󺧣δ꺣¡©ȱڻУһԪ˽׸֣붼롣
飡
һţҲ룬Զȥ
ü𣿡
Сɱǵˣ𣿡
֧ɫץ֧䵶屳󣬼˶ȥһ֧һҲ룬һХţ󾱣ַɳ
ӿߣ֧ڣֵ
ʯ䣬ͻȻһۡԵ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬˶ַɳ䵶ʱ򣬾ɿ⣬Ӵ򿪣¡һһֻ̹ȼյĻһ㴩˲Ϣ䴩ؿռ䣬һ屳䵶

䵶Уһɷ顣澪㤣ȻûȵǷӦ飡һֻգ˲һˡ
Ӳ룬ֱӴĶ׼ˡľ׮㵹£û˵ˡ
ãǼ֣
ʣµɫ䣬ƺʲôܿµһ˵ͻȻŤһһңֳһǽɴܣһֱݶ
飡飡
ɿǼ䷿䣬һµĺڶǽɴ֧ܵ˻û߳ͱһֻٿֺԴǽϡ
һ֧ڷɴܣѾ˳ʮˣѾҪʵݼסԷˡ
ȻڿԾһӵɲǣһֻͻУһĲѪ֧Ͼ޴һ·Ѻ׷ʮɣլڵԺǽԵһͷˤ
Ԫ˽׵֧ˣֻһգ۲ͱɱĸɸɾ
ذϹԪ
ͣ½ŲعͷŰǺڶķӣһľ졣ǸطЩ֧˲֪ԼǰյǸʦذϹԪ
ȻǼ֣
о첻ѡ
ڴƣսְҵΪҫһزһһˡ
û뵽ذϹԪȻǸ֣ҿһǳĹ֡
ӷģڣЩһҲܲˣ
ذϹԪӺڶĴﴫȣ񣬰һֻֻŨ̹Юž˵ϵķ
ЩֱذϹԪļ䵽ĺ˾ӦŲ̣Ӳߣûá
˸ְ
ذϹԪļ̾Ϊֹֻ֪벻ʵҲôߡڣټϰȡĴڣһǹ˶ûˡ
еջ񰡣
ذϹԪǾ˵ļذϹԪϱܴӾš³ơ̵ȼҵĴѹ׷ɱ°ͷͻȻ֮ʲôˡ
ȸֽصʣ꺣¡ķ˹ȥ˵ڵϣһ
ϸһۣЩˣءֻڶԲѡ


82 鷿ݿͣ
彫ϵͨĵط߽䣬óһֻȲĲһЩˮϣڿڱǵĵطֶһЩ
Ƭ֮˱ת
үүû°ɣǣιȥˡ
Դﻹεģ£һǾеľȴЩĵ̵ϡŨ˵˵ϣټЩ˵˼ϣ˿Ѿ촦ˡ
Щб˵㣬ңҲûϵǻֶ
尲ο
Ϣһ°ɡӦûжϢһͿˡ
̵ñеϣʱڣ꺣¡ûʲôսˡ
̧ͷһԶսѾӽβаȡкذϹԪлЩ֧ĺܵıеĻҪ졣
ӣû°ɣ
սһȺͰбļǵĸ˹սʱĵľˡ
ھľǡһʲộ治֪ô˾Ǳ߽ˡ
û£鵽ʲôûУ
ڰֵ
ûˡǶɱˡ
˵
ҵĺ״ܲңмۿӲˣֲ뱻ץڣֱе֧䵶ࡣ
ԺϽɨһ£Ҫĸ׿
Ҳ⣬Ը˼䣬뿪ˡ
̵𣿡
һ֧˵ؿڣͳһö̵Ϻɫ꺣¡ĸ֣һ̣زڻͷΣͦġ
Щһһ㶼̣϶̷˽ҩ
Ѳһ飬Ȼ˵ҵһСӣ漸ɫҩ裬Ӧþ̵Ľҩˡ
彫Щͬոҵ̵һŵ˴ҵϣת˼ȦŷصԼ鷿
ţ
ո߽䣬۾һоԡղԣԼȥʱ򿪵Ĵӣ֪ʲôʱˡ
ϣԼ֧߳߳ĲݸֽҲӰ
˽ˣ
һо˲Ժôĸ֣аȡСذϹԪڣȻܹ֪Լ鷿
˵ʵ¼£
𶯣
ķӦѾˣȫһҪݳһɺ͸룬Ѿ׼Լĺġ
ҪҪУҲҪָǼĴйǾûҵĽ졣
һģ޸ѹĺܵ͡
һס
ǸŮӣȻڲأ廹Ǹо˳ҶԷʵߵĲ˼顣
Ȼں棬ȫоλáֻһϢޣںڰ֮С
ϢֻһϲС
ɱ֣һǺɱ֣
ҪȸֽĻھͿȥ
һ죬û˵꣬оһŲ
ӣ˯𣿡
һ洫ذϹԪһģаȡУ
ԺѾɨɾеʬ嶼ȫû©֮㡣ûԸǾȥϢˡ⣬ǻѲ鵽ʮ֧䵶ʹδã
ģһľţվڷڣͻȻ˵ĸоһɲǣͻȻ׹
˵ʵԼĻҪߵĶ࣬ԼûвʱȻǰо˰ȡУذϹԪ
Լǰ룬ֲټϰȣСذϹԪһΪ˱ⱻײƣǰסԼ
ڰоĵģû˵ǱĽµĺȴ˼֡岻Զ
ֻҪԼ˵һ֣ƴűȡСذϹԪ֣һҲҪɱԼ
Ժд˷ֱ⻹һΣյ
˵ʵ֧ǿ˲ֹһʵԳԽԪŽףﵽ侳ľ磡
ĸǰû̫Ļᡣ
ȡСذϹԪԼֻһ֮ҪȣΨһĻᡣ
ûаտһ
ӣ
⣬ģһʲôҲذϹԪȵƺõȲĴ𸴣̲סһ䡣
·һɲǣֺǰһɸŨҵĺӱѹ
ʱ򣬾ԲǺеʱֻ°ȡǻԼѾһغˡ
Էܹôˣ֪Ծʵ
ˣȥúϢɡЩ֧䵶Щǽ꺣¡Ϳˡڿⷿıϡ
忪ڵ΢΢͸һһ˿ƣɫ
Ȼ糱ˮ˲٣ƺı֡ǳ⡱
ǣӡ
ƺûɣӦһȻתŲԽԽԶʧںڰС
˵ĽŲнԶڰһЦһҲˮס
֪ĪģӮˣϵȸֽȥɡֻϣɹõܹ֮Źң
ƺѾ׵ķ˵ֿһ˵ţһ̽䣬ץȸֽ
ߣոʶʱ񡣡
һЦƺܾȸֽ
ţʹթ
ûȡȸֽͻȻɱƺʲôüͷһ⺮âǡ
ȻԷֵĻ̫ˡ
֧˰ȡкذϹԪȡȸֽΪľöԷɾ衣
Ԫ׵΢ʵֽһ˶Էӡ
£òΪԼӪһᣬŹصĻᡣ
飡
һ̵ָϢĵڵϣɲǼ䣬һŨҵԾ˵ٶڷɢ
̵֧ƺرĸı䣬ɢٶ൱ˡصһ˲Ũҵ̾Ѿɱ֡

һŮӵ߳ɱǣ˵һʯһĽⱼ׳ֱıĶȥ
һҪУɡ
ˣ
һ߷ٵĴСץɫҩһһˣǧһ֮ʺԥʩչˡǱʽһֻһ£벨
鷿еĺڰ̵ʱӳ˹ؽãͣһ屳ϿӵأϵӱһΪڵʯ䣬һ£˺Ͷֵľ롣
ӵ𣿡
һɲӡīֽӱһ飬ľм׷ɣڰеݿͷ·һȰӰΣ
ǰ˦У̫𣿡
һǱĳںڰҫһҫ۵ĺ⣬˵һնȥ
ûն䣬ǹˣɽѾӿ
Ұ
ʯ䣬תڵһģͬʱһֻһϸСĶ糸缲ֱڰеݿͶȥ


83 Ļ경
ã
ʶų̵ӳһЩǺڰеݿո˵Ҳʶ³ȥͬʱһĳһɱըԵӿ赲סеġ
ֱƭˣ
ֿеġȴûκ鷢ڰеŮݿͲȻŭ֮ǰȸֽʱƭһΣ̵ֱĽҩҩƭһΣŮݿܵˡ
书ǲƫƫޱȡ
ˣҾĿԲˣ
ۿ廬ޱȣһҪͬè㷭ˣ˵ʱʱ죬ڰеŮݿһһխϸָĶ̽Хֱǰλãȥ·
廹ǿ壬ɡ
ͬһʱ䣬ڰеŮݿһΣͻȻ֮ٶȰóŤģӰͬһһ㻮ؿռ䣬˲׷塣
ͣ
һںڰһһָɾ̬ĲӺݺն䡣
Ļ경
һͻȻ֮ôػͬȡǻˡ
ǲܷȥˣ룬һһʱɲסȥƣͬʱ̤ͬʱȸֽһն
ﬣ
ڰдһĽʯ䣬ڰŮݿеĳһնϣĽ˺¶ԷһƬӣͬʱǰֱһѪۡ
ûȵն¶Էֱۣ飡һֱֻۻţйľХɲǼ䣬ش˾߷ݰ˳ȥһصǽϣһѪˮɫ԰ֽ
÷Ľ
ڰУŮݿֱֻ̧һѪۣޱȡĿƳеȸֽŮݿ¶һ˿ɵɫ
˵Ƴ˸µһʦһֱţˡһ£ѽó𣿡
Ůݿһֳһֽ廭Ǳ߳೤խϸ
һŮݿûм׷ɱ壬ȴһ޹ؽҪĲͼһˣȻ˵ĹŹ֡
ȴһ㶼⡣
Ŀӹ̨׶ζ̽Ժд˷
˰
̾Ϣѡ
ûıƬ½أ֧ʳڣû˻ʹİ
ļУֻһط˲Żʹְһʱգձ磬ʮǶߴϵʮ죬һŮȨͳεĵطһ书Ϊĵط
û뵽ԼձʿΪ߳ߵխϸ񱳳ȴͬλõĶŮݿ͡
һоͬһ
Լոսŵʱû֣Ҳԭ
ǣ
Ժţشȴû˿ԥ
ĻŮݿͶ壬ĿתͻȻ¶˸ӵɫǺܿ죬Ůݿָֻ˱ӡ
նۣԽĵսԽ׶ۡѵ߳ߣ˵ĵȸˣͨĵĵ۶ϡô˷⣿
ŮݿƽȴһɱƺֻҪһش𲻶ԣʯ쾪Ļɱ
ȴš
Ųţ˵ԣȻǿԣ
ȻЦ¶һǿš
ԽĵԽ۶ϣٵ⡣֮ǰûĵ⣬ʹãһ⣬Щͨĵӵ׶ۡ
Ůݿ˵ģնۣ⣬쳤ߴĳԵú塣
˵ȴڡ
֪һַԱַͽػ𡱣ԼԣĹһЩķͿԽ⡣
ЩȴǲŮݿ˵ġ
磬⣬Ŀǰûַ֪˵ˡŶ켼
ţҲ߳ߵխϸ񱳳ˣ
ŮݿĶ壬ƺҪķθǲ˵ѣҲûлرܣӭĿ⣬̹̹ܻ䡣
ߣµһʦ鷳һˡֻҪһĵ˵ҿºһʹ졣ҪͼҪͼУûᣡһֻǽǽ£һΣɾͲô򵥣
Ůݿ˵ţͻȻһеİغ˸ĶϽͬһʱ䣬סֻ׶ζ̽ȻƺǴע⣬Ҫ°壬
Ȼն˳ŮݿһҲġѾһˣո۷ʱ򶼲Ķ֣˵ˡ
һϽҲ㹻ʰˡ
գ
ŲƣŮݿӣһֱ˹ȥĲݶᶨƺѾ⡣
٣֪֪ѾԶˣȻ˼쵶
ڵϣͻȻٺЦ
ذ׷ѹ˷Ѵˡһ𣿡
ŮݿͳһЦŲ˿ͣһӽ塣
٣֪ûв´ĻӦĻ경ɣ
ȻһЦͻȻڵ
ˣ
Ůݿǰһ̻ڳЦ壬һĻ경֣һȻͣ
Ļ경ٶ죬ںڰдУĻһ㡣ǿ˽İɡҲ֪ѧĻ경֪֪Ļ경ʵʹ󲿷ֵĹͻŹĻԽԽ
㶼ѾͷȻ˼¡˼°ǿЦ
еļŮݿ͵Ŀ⣬һһƸǿ󣬾һʯһ˷ˡ
ڴƾƽı£֪жǱŮݿҲ֮һ
ΪԼݣɣҲ֪ĸѧݿͰɱĹ
Ļ경󣬵ȱһ
ĸյʣԷû׼̫á
˵
Ůݿɫһ䣬ɱͻȻŨʮֹ¶׹Ҥһ㡣
һ̣Ůݿ¶Ϣ֮ǰȻֹͬǿ࣬ͬһ
Ĳ²ûŮݿʵΪӦǵΪ
Һ˵Ļ경ĹתϸУںͷѨǲʹ
屳ǽڣЦ
ˣ
Ůݿ˵Ųţȴʶİ˵ķתˣһŨҵĺڱһɲǼ䣬Ůݿ͵ӰͬĻһ㣬ģڰΪһ塣
һֻ̣һƺߣɢȥŮݿ³ڷ䣬ɫ԰ޱȣ亹ˡ
˫飬˫ɿƳ壬һγ˻ҵɫ
˵ûϸеʱľڡѨĽʹҪɢˡ
ûᣡ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬Ůݿɫҵɲǣһڵϣ͵ڵضһСơͲԥĴֱ桭


84 һ
ߣ
ŮݿһεĿ壬ɱΪԼܡ
飬ǿڵʹŮݿͽһ̤׷ȥ⣬¹ֻһӰ鶯ԣŵ棬Ҹķӹȥ
ŮݿɫһҲ룬׷ȥȻ׷ɣ¡ڹһһֻ޴ĴЮǿֱ֮Ůݿ͵Ŷȥ
¡
ʯ䣬ŮݿֱüϽһᣬǰȻ㱻Ǿ޴ĴУŷ˳ȥ
ذϹԪλʦ֣סҪˣ
һŲݴԼӣһߴУǰһ仹úͻ
Ůʩ°ɣ
ȡŭһں̹֮ͬһ㣬ֱ˹ȥ
飡
̶ʱڣ˾ҵײһ𣬱ըԶʮ嶼ܵ
ͷʱֻȡд۹ȣ˼ŮݿҲȥ֮УһذϹԪĴȻģٴʩչĻ경ΪһģĺӰǽǵĺӰ֮С
Сӣεû꣡
Ǻ޺޵ҹɫдƺҧˡֻһգۼ䣬Ůݿ;ʧ
һøߵʵ
忴һĻҲľȡеʵǼŮݿ;ȻһжˣʵҲ൱ˡ
ӣŮʲôˣʵøߣͺβ
ذϹԪżӺ˹ҪҪˣذϹԪǴ˵ĸ֡
ǶԷʩչĻ경֮ذϹԪȻȫֱ治Ӱ
ǸĪһýƻЩˣȻһݿ͡
꺣¡ҲӺ˹ﻹŵ
Ī£
ҡҡͷ
Ŷ
һȺ˶ʱ׷׾ȵĿ˹
Ƕ孵ݿͣĪǿҲܹӶ孵ݿԸҡңȻʶϵȸֽ
ϵȸֽһۡ
ǸŮݿϵ̫ˣʼҲΪĪġĪҪԼȸֽҪԼ
÷Լϵ߳խϸ񱳵رڵʽ˺ܴ޷ܣͶԼˣ
˭ģ
꺣¡üͷ
ҡҡͷû˵Ȼ֪˭ģʱ䣬ݿ͵ģհؾҦ硣
հѾؽڣıҲܴϢȥӶһŮݿ͡ôʣµġ
뵽üӹһӰ
Ժ˵ɣ⼸ǿ˿»ġ
꺣¡ذϹԪͷһ¡
飬ذϹԪаЩ͵꺣¡ȥ˻֪վ
Ůݿ͹ƴҲ֪ҿⷿĽûʲôܡ꺣¡Ϊһ㣬˵ʱһֱڷûдţŲ״ذϹԪȡǸ˹
ʦҿˡ
תͷе
İɣӣ⼸ǻ粽룬ƽ
ոյҲ¡ڵ壬˵Ҫױȣζܳκ¡
õеı֤˿аȡУټذϹԪڣٶʱǲٲŮݿ͡
ҲһЩæˡ
ĿԺһͷ
εҲ˸ѣʱձ仯ˣݡʵҲͬ仯ˡǰΪ±Ԫ˧ݿͣ
һвǰˣ岻òԼԼѾǰǸԪ˧һֻԪ׵ӵܡ
ǰЩûɹ֮ǰһ޷ʩչ
ȡǲһֱԼģذϹԪҲܴ粽롣ʵʱǿ£ҪٴηͱһЩġڡǿġ¡Լ
һȻף廹ҵġ
ʱǵȹүүٵ˵
а
үүٳҲûмˣаȡڣʱӦûûġңǸŮݿǵԼĹڡĻ경ĻضʱҲûʱɧԼ
λʦ⼸鷳סҸڰɣ
˵תͷ꺣¡
⣬꺣¡ȥСýйɡٸý˵һ£Ӵ֧伸ֹĸ׵ס»˶ĸ֡
⣬֪ͨǼڸѲߡˣ֪ͨø԰æ¡
ûãֻнѲ߲ȫġ͢ĽԻ侳ϵĸ֡
ЩڸѲߣŮݿҲҪֵֵôˡ
ǣȥ졣
꺣¡˵Ӧȥ
һϵаţ˿ذźҾǹˣ٣ԺٵּϮˡ
źðȡеסԼסȥ
˰ҹҲڰ
飡
ƿţոտżͻȻ֮䣬¡ضҡһǿҵѣθдԺд
廹ûзӦô£͸о֮Ʊã˲Ϣ䣬·ĶԼѹ˹
ֳصѹ˴
棡
棡
 һ٣

廹ӦǰӿĺƺƵֱ֮˹
ƺƵغ֮УһֻһС
飡
ϥһڵϡͬһʱ䣬ںһģǺǿ󣬵ȴΪ͵ڱΪһȦĻɫֽȫס
¡
غͬˮϳ̹ȥϵĵɫࣵһѣҲȫ

ɫ԰ףһƨڵϣȫꡣ
ӣôˣ
ڴǰޡ
û¡
һǰһֳָֻصѹش˷ѹĸоֻһɲʧˡ
һƬڰĵġ
һѾȥˡ
ոգλʦпʲô߷ʲô𣿡
崭ĬƬ̺
ûУֻˤһӡ
ǰȵﻹ͸ɻող֪Ϊʲôر΢ովһŮݿ͵ϮɱʱȻˣûȥ롣
ȺͰв֪һ䷿˵Ļشٿ֮䣬ʲô
ԭոôĶֻҲܿõ𣿡
˼
ǺƺƵ̺غԼðĵɫ֣ôĶƺԼ֮⣬ȡһ֪
ѾȻף֮Լġ֡Ѿͨ߷Χ°ȡҲ֪
ƣ


85 ̫¼
һξ֮ųָ֮о·ݡ
ǺΰľǰоСļ²ѡ
ʵϣֹԼţκغǰϰı΢С
ڴĵϣŴأڵصĴϢͷϴȻ¡
ԭǳΪĴۣΪĵˡ֮ʯҿͱ촷ˡ
۾ĬĬţ¶һ˿Ц
һ̣Ȼף֮Уô֮ʯΨһϣ
ǹغβ·ˮ̶֮ʯɢĵâȴ籩еıӻӹһ١
ǶʮӦ˰ɡǵһ
Ժͷһ̣ȻԺе֮ʯ
棡
ʣ㣡
һʱ䣬£
Ҫʮ㣡

һϢпЦȻԤϵһģһֻ´Σֿ֮ҪľͲǶʮʮ㡣
ڵһĻָģһ˿ĸоȫһɹɴδܹǵ㣬ͻȻȫëҡƤ¡ͷų
оԼָͬʱȫҲֹˣЩƺкǿĴ͸ʼ͸Ƥ⣬͸֮УʼԶǿĹм⡣
ţǡ
һͻȻӦⲻ֮ʯģÿֿһͿǿһ
뵽ϲ͵ĴӵѸ̤ȭķ飡ﾢ䣬һɹ纣㱬
ȻȭʱЩɢݵ͸ٶȶʱӿ죬Щĸ£оڵĹʴѪҺ֣Ѹٱ
ȻѵЩɢ֮֮
дϲЩε֮ѵЩ۵ĵɫѵͬʱҲ׽һЩɢݵ͸Լ
Ҳûô
Цһӿȭٶȡ
ʱȥ֪ȥ˶죬꣡ͻȻһܱӰĹ죬ڤڤУ·ͻһƿоԼ˲Ϣ֮ˮǴߣһء
Ƕأ
һƬϲãҲˬָֹ۷ʵ˱Ůݿͻеˣʵһء
ǶءһɣͻƵԪ׾ָնˣ
ϲãһֱӽʱֲų˯ȥ

ףһˣ
ڶ죬ڳԷʱͻȻ֮ıһƿСֻǱ裬糾͵Ĵ洳˽һߣһﻹŸļȿУҲ֪ǲǴýġ
С磬˵лǼˡҺݺݵİһ١
Сһ˵ţһĹĵĴΣ۵СȭͷҫƵġ
춼ýпջȵܹˣ
ƳһԼСãû
ûԼСǰȼֱ˸˰Ѳ˹ģϴ˫ǶɫСĻ廨СЬϻ˸ݡ
ԼһƽСҲûţЩǮúõġһʱ䡣
ĻСͷϽһܵĸ¡һ˫۾һȦܿӣ׼ϵһֻն죬˹ȥʼá
̰ԣ̰棡һû䰡
ҡͷСãҲ
Сõ츳Ҫǻ㹦ϣôΪֻﶼûĶˡ
ֻСòʮ̰̰꣬棬ˣҲûı䡣
Сòһ˻ģһĻýɹļ֡Щ˶Ǵ󲮸ĸ֡
彫ǰŵĸסҹػ
ˣС磡
극СͻȻüЦŶһģ
꺣¡˵׬ʮӣҿҿ
˵ҡֱۣһ
֪С
ʧЦȴûоܾһĳ磺
߰ɣȥ
ҿⷿСɽһѻĻƽС۾ȫСǡ
ۣС磬Ƿˣ
С˷ܵ˹ȥڻƽϴһ߹һ˷ֱܵУ
ôƽôƽ𡭡ٺóԵѽ
ǰ滹˵úúõģȻ벻԰

Ϯֵ÷зʱ򣬳ϣһ䶯Ұ鷢ˣ
̫¼
ӣʥʱ£̫빬ãҦҡңչκԹȫˡ
ĴبͬС
˺ѳ룬һͦһԣΪƣʮ䶯Ĵ¡
ͦģǷԵģļҡ
Ϊ֮һ䣬ýţλڳöѪ˫˫˴Ρ
ޣΪ֮ӿеĿȫ˳֮ϡ
ڼʱõϢģϴϢĬ˺þá
벻黹Ƿˣ
̧ͷģ˵ѹ֡
ֵգһ˿ǵɫ
кܶ鶼ԼеĲһǲĸʱգ740ްʷӢʥʱң빬ͥġ̫¼ӵмҪӰ졣
ûףΪʲôǰȡӢ䣬ƴƣΰĵʥΪʲô䣬Υ̫빬
ϸʵΪֹΪʲôһʥʵΪӰͺȴǼΪԶġ
ҵĿɽڳӵмȨӰ£Ϊ飬Ӷŭʥʣʧ裬ų͢Ȩġ
ʧȥɽ˵ֱǳһǣⳡη粨֮Уͬվ˶顣
˶͹ʥϵľģ
ҵ͹Ĵۣܵ˾޴ĴӴһȲ񣬲ȨơλӰ죬ܵ˼׵ų˴ƵĵһݶС
ϵĶһߴվ飬۾ôĲпᣡ
˵һξ޴Σ
Ȼң֮⣬ڻû֪δƣ
Ȼף֪ԼʲôҲˡ
ϵһη粨Ӱ֮󣬷Χ֮ʷǰԼһʮС˵ġ
ֻܵȵүүٳʱˣʱһȥүүѰүү֧֡
ڴƳ͢ҦҵҦүӺԼүүƲȥĿκγ͢ϣ˵ӵоصá
֪ʱضڰٵʱѰүү
ѹ˼
ʵԶӵвá


86 ķݣ
ʱһĹȥҵլԺһӰתɡ
ƣ
Ǳ
ˮ
²

Ӱ鶯ãһ׼򵥵ȭϻȻһ壬һԺӻ֣ڼɽ֮䡣
Ѿͨȭ룬ǴﵽΨģһõľ硣ҵЩҲǲĿѡ
û֪үѧȭҲû˹ģҵ˵ʶү̶ʱھۼʮƽ޿֮£ʵ㲻ʲô
Ѿֲˡ
ԺԽԽ죬Χ纣ӿһƬƬҶЮȴ£ͬеһƬƬ۰㣬ܵӿ
ȭɵ
ˣ
ԺһͷѪԽԽ죬һָоͻƵԪ׿¾ڽˡ
飡
һը֪˶á䣡һһԪȻըĳƿһ˷޾ԪХ룬ӿڡ
һĹǽڴȫɲǼ䣬Ԫ£ըֻһգۼ䣬ʹԪףͻƵԪס
ſˣڴﵽԪˣ
ϲ
ôһȴȻ֮ͬСš˵šͷİѨ㣬֮ƿ
ﵽԪףƿͿԴ缳ȡԪ
Ԫ׺Ԫ֮Ĳͬ˱ȷĻԪŽǰȫΪ˴򿪡š
һﵽԪףͿЩԴݡٶȵľѧʵǿ
Ůݿ͵ġĻ경Ԫ׺ٶȡľѧǿľѧԪ֮ǰǾԲѧϰġ
˵ֹˣһͻƵԪףʩչŲĿռ͸ˡ
Ȼϱ±Ԫ˧һйʧֻܴͷʼһ
Ԫѿ˵һܺõĿʼ
˵ǰǱסȫֽŵĻôѾڳһֻˡ
䣡
һȭɲ֮䲻˼鷢ˡȫĹ죬ұ۳ͻȻһһѲһɽʯ·ķ϶һһٶʯ˻
һٶʯмֱ
Ԫ׵
ﵽһ㣬ߵһʵͻӡһĶͨ޷ġ
ͽˮȻɡӵʵڸͨȭֻ˼ΣӾڻͨԪ֮һգ
ԱߵȺͰдƮƮ̨˵ͷһϲɫ
ͨȭоѧѧѧͬǳĹ졣ͨȭֱ֮ۿһ̣ͨʵսпԴһֲ
Ҳ⼸ӦҪ󣬸ʵ磬ڸһѧΪҪܾãû뵽ĽĻҪ졣
⻹Ҫллλʦ̵
ЦЦ˹ȥ
һ磬дĦɴѧ˵˶ѧһֱܺ档
ġƶѧˮƽ˵ûгеѧУǡϢ
ɮľѧ޳žѧڴ֮УʮʮҹԲȲûһ¡
һЩɮԴﵽ£ʱ䶼ڴ֮в·һ㡣
ϱӣѧѧľһţϧһֱûлᡣȺͰУŹֻᡣ
ȺͰе֪޲ԣΨһǣڵΪѧˡ
¡¡
˵ʱǰͻȻһ¡¡УС˸߲ҵʹ˺ԶҲǳ
С磬ˣүүգ˵ھȥķݣ
֪ˡˣ
СҸڵĴɤӣЦ͸һ˿ڴѾõɫ
ķ꣬ңȴϲġееܽǶһܴܴĵ
طˢ˺ɫľᣬһϲζ
үүʮ٣һĴӡĸرˣˣ󲮡áСͳͳһȥүүף١
ȻҲһ
һʮ죬Ҳֻһ죬ܽķУȥ̽Լүү
ȻЩΣŵڣҲҶСãʧ
λʦˡ

ţӣǾͲˡ
ȡйķǴƽأصĴڽػö׽ȥ˵ǰȺͰɮˡ
˵ͷСڣҵĴУ˸֣컯գҲõĻᷢʲô⡣
ӣȥ
Ҵ⣬һֹͣĸ׺Сö档ȥͻʻˡ
öţһСҲҪšүүգǣкܶүүϲ¹һǱߣ˵Զ࿴Ҫǳʲô
һ˹յʱ绪ͼš
ڼȻ˵㡣˶֪һĹǣƶʵǹ
һԻͣʥʳҡһ֮ԷǸн֮ţȫΪĹ͡
һ壬ӵϵȨ
ڹӣ绪Ϊ𾴣ҲΪη塣ʵϲֹҲһ
ףİɡ֪ô
ĸ׵ĺ󱲣
ǣүүʲôµģҲŲأ
СƲ͵
СõĻĸ׶ǿЦңүүΪǴ硢磬ǣүүѵ
ԼϱҲһ
ΨһģҲֻԼСˡ
֪Ϊʲôүү̣رϲԼáôүүû
ÿοСãλ˼ҶЦǺǵġͼλ硢ø硢ֶʲѡ
û취Сþг衣
Ůӣ̰ԣ̰棬Ҳǳʲô¡

ֹһ·ȥԼʱ֮ͻȻоһɰϢǵأ·ˮһ㸲ѹ
һɲǣһغĸо
ķˣ
һӦǰķݣϢǳϤৣÿȥֻԶһ޴լԺլԺͨŵڵ߰˱󣬿ǳأȴһޱׯءµĸо
κߵ᲻Ĳһ־羴ĸоѹŻŲҴҾƺ¾ˡ
լԺΧûһˣһӶûСլԺϷ忴һż򵥵ң׵׺Ĵ֣
ķݡ
Ծۻ룬ֽڿգǣµĸо
ķݣ
ƣ˻ʹ֮⣬𾴵ĵط


87 ̱Ĵĸ
ķݿžĵģȴ֪طرɭϵĵط֮һ
治֪פ˶ٽǿߣԶԶȥķϿգЩŤǳЩֵֹġ
ķݿżأɾܷǽȥÿȥ֮ͻ֣ᷢط̶Ѩ
ܽ룬һܻų
ÿνһֽͭǽڵĸо
벻ˡ
Զķݣ㱣һ˿临ӵɫķݣʵһֱǲϲ
ԭܼ򵥣̫ˡÿνǼͥۻᣬǲμӡᡱһ
ңүү˵үӣһֱôƺԸ̫ࡣ
棬ѧ£үӵвϲʹÿﶼ·һԵˡ
ûעҲû
ΪԭԽϲˡ
ܶ飬ҪʧȥԺ󣬲ܸоҪġ
оүӵķүȥԺһʧȥʱݣ׵˥ȥ
ֱǸʱȻүӶζʲô
ҪϵĽܽѵŻɳġ
ܶѾᣬүүģ
һܲƸλȨƣ˵û˲ϲãû˲ϲҸꡣ
֮Լôã֮꣬ķУΪľңΪľе
ϱӣܶ󣬡ʵΡķѾû˽ӲݴһͨԺӣ󲮺СڵϣŻʧʹޣ
һĻ
˾ηȻΪˣĸоѾȫͬ
ֹѪУ˵̺ͬŵ۹һ˿ϣ
Ҫı۹ˣı޵ˣͱķԺλ˵ͬͰ
ΨһĻᡣ
ݣ
⴫һߺȣһ£ܿعԴĸһʱڣķݵķ򻺻ʻȥ
ҵѾǵһʻķˣϵı־ڴƵ۹ҲвʶģǾϸһһ飬ȷȻŷнȥ
³ɣŹټ֪ͨǵġ
ȥķݲԶнվڣźڼףɫľޱĽ棬赲ǰ
ķݵԵȻһˣҲֻߵˣȴټ
޹زɷԲȻҲϰȴ֪ǵʥʶµĹأΪľ˻ˮ㣬͵ȥ
ķݣʥʼĿء
ǶšһùǾˣʱһȥǵòҪܡ
϶һ·ֲˡ
Сõ˵ͷȻţȥ
ķ䱸ɭϣһȥ岽һڣʮһڣﰵĽ
ЩĿ˷һﲻһʱʱ̱̿ӵĸо
ϱӣֱӵĸоһֱúܲΪˣˣּͲΪˡ
ףҷ
վԣĸ˵ͷһƬο
⺢ĳˣǰʱô¡
ԵĴܲĽķʵġľдУľľ֮䣬һ롢ƽ̹ʯС·ƶ
С·ԣкܶ߹ϵɫᾼɽʯϸļһ峺ĻˮΧ
ȥһԴԾī񣬲վֲ
үӰ徻ʱޣЩϲġ
ꤣ
ڵȴʱһ¡¡
ߺⲻ绪ĺ簡ٳ绪డ
˻ûһ䳰ȷȴɫĴﴫŤͷһΣźǹ긾˴ӳ̽ͷһ˫۾͸˿˿̱ζ
ĸ
Ժһ⡣̽ͷģǱˣĴĸԪ
˵ϱӴ󲮸ԼһϲĻôĸԼˡ᲻һ£硢磬סĸסСȫڡ
֮󣬴ĸ̬Ҳһֱû
ѵʱ򣬴Žỹÿ켢ĸߴߴͣԷʱһҪõġ
ȵʳʱҲһҪݵġ
ѵʱ˶ݹᾣǴĸ˼
Ϊԭǻᡣ
ɩ˵Цˣ칫գ绪ҳٵ
ɩɫ΢ȴҷԪҵճϱڵȼɭϵķ⽨ᣬλҪ
ףαظĸүүʮٳôҪ飬ΪȻôҲ̫𣿡
ĸףķ༥ĸ׿˿ڣһСӿûôļɵ
үүҲ˵ٲ£ûʲô㡣
ǣǣ˵ף
СûӹȭͷҲһ߲Ĺ롣
㣡
Ԫû뵽ڣָ̫ģôһָָ壬ĺ˪
ССﻹûгô˵Һĸ˵ֵ𣿡绪ôӵ𣿡
ˣ
ڴʱһ䣬ϵﴫ⣬ִ
Ǹ״٣˭ҲԪס졣壬Ҳ˵
Ĵبǳϵس˵һϡ
ǣ󲮣
幪һûٶ˵ǰȣ󲮵滺࣬ûֵ̫˼
ȻԼ֮ǰ㣬󲮺ø飬ûЧ֪Ϊʲôܸо˵ʱصĸо
ֳѵǣ绪ʧ񡣡
ĸ绪ҲԱĴبȻ̰壬ǰҵĹϵҲ̫ãչûԪô̱ѣϲ䳰ȷ
ĸ׺֮䷴û̫ĳͻ
ب첲䣬㵽֪֪ô˵ڶײң
ﴫһģгبȻ˵ĴĸԪȴôʣǲ
䡭
ڴʱһҲԹ
ý㣡
˳үүʮٳô飬ýղܲ
ðȻҲ˵ѾͷҲѵ㡣
ĸһķ߷ߣ˵žָȥšűýһ󾪽ƺıšʹˡ
Ȼһ߶߶ѵ
ߺǰ治绪𣿻Ԫ
ͻȻ¡¡һҵӺ󷽴ŤͷֻһƬҶӱ־Ӻʻ˹̽һϤס


88 һ壡
ùã
һعͷһϲ⡣ĲǱˣĴ˪͹ø֡
ǺǣҲڰС
ĴÿСãޱȣ׶ӿҲˡ
ǺǣԪСӼҼңòźɡǸٳǴ£ǻһһ£ôӣҲø˼Ҹˡ
øϽԲһ˵ţһĵĳգ۾
尵ЦᣬϽСߵһȥ
ϱӣʵʹĸһֱ׽ġһУһжıˣøֵţ˳Է糾˸١
ڴ˪УڿɲǱȶӻף
󲮵Ȼֹ
Ǻǣ˪ˣ
ĸԪӴ̽ͷŴõ۾͸Ź龢Ͷĸ׵̬ȫͬն
үһŮ˪үϥΨһŮүӵѪ
Ҵ˪ŮүӵĲƲԪû̫ĳͻһĸǽȻͬġ
Ǻǣһʱ䲻ԪɫԽԽˡŶˡɲң㿴ͷˣ
𣿴ӿɱô˵㿴ſɲϡ
ĸɫЦݡ˵ŻʱͻȻ֮䣬ﴫһߣһɫű˴ƿһӰſڵĵطɢϢ
ͻȻıʣ˶ס
֣
Сվ·βŷӦſڵĵطͷӰǱˣ롣
⺢ӣùǰôµģйùã
ĸԪе
ͺûһûһĴ˪ֱ뿪ǰȥ
һճӣйپүйرĶ䣬ǰĽǿûͷ뿪ˡ
ֻһգۣʧǰС·֮УУ˭ûж࿴һ¡
Ӧû֮ǰ顭
Ժһͷû˱ڹڶôǿҵҰġ
ӱУһֱԼ磬رǴоϵֻǣȻΪճӣȴһֱвԼĴ
پҲûдҫ
ΪҦҹϵĻᱻң֪
⺢ӡ
ĸԪʧıӰһڨڨ
ˣҪ˵ˣ³ɣ
Ǵ󲮸بһ䣬˳ٳʱ򣬿һۣ˵ͷȻһصӣŲǰȥ
Ϊһĳӣǳϵس󲮻ķݣүһЩʱ⡣
ķݵĹضġ
ֻһ󲮸Ҳ䣬ʧ档
ߣ˪Ҳȥɣ
ˣһȵĵܰɣүӴ٣ѵɽǵȵɡ
˪ҡͷĿƳһԱߵ壬Ŀд⡣
ԪҲû֣ĸʱĺһȥ
һȵĸʧ֮Ŵġû˴ĸԪڳյǢࡣ

ߵĸףһǸȻ
˵е˲ҴǸǧȥ
ǺǣɵӣʲôǸô᣿
ĸЦҡҡͷ
ǰ绪ԪӾһ߶һ߶ˡ
˪ҲЦһ˹
ֶ˽̸˼䣬ĿһתͬʱһԵ塣пһûãý񲻻⣬ȫǴһӡ
ⲻǼҵС칫ô׬ǮͲǵöˣ
ܰ
ɫڨڨĴáøĸУ̿ȻڴͷҵΣ׬һǮýգȴ粻ͺ񱻿һ
ҵǷأ׬ôǮѶҸ˰ɣ
һֻ֣ߺߵ˸Ǯơ
ôأ֬ǮҿһֱءʲôʱҪҸ͹ȥˡ

⻹࣡
˵ţԼȴ̲סһЦ˳
һЦҲЦֻɶͷ
ˣٳ֮ߣ¡
˵ţͻȻ
ˡ
ýٻԼرүүʮٳҪĳϡ
֪ˡ
Ȼ֣Ǻܿ˵ͷ
ý˵ʱȻЦɫȴǺ档һϳɫʱ򣬾˵Ҫ
ҲҴ⡣
ס˰
ĵ˵ͷĸףд˪𣬸档
ýһߣĴ˪Ҳ˹ȥֻǺý㲻ͬĿǳͣ˵Ǹм
ӣлл㣡
˪жûд硢ɩڣҲòΪ˷ֵ£֪үӶٴΡ
ϧүӵԸ̫ǿģܸġ˪ˣ÷һӶҪڱСλˡ
Ȼ̫ͻȻ
˪ôҲû뵽ԼģȻԼһֱΪ桢竵ֶӡ
ֻں̵ܶʱڣ־͵˱ţһһ
˪Щ˼顣
ùòҪô˵ǱһˡңøҲҡ
˵ſһۺ󷽵Ĺøʵʵù˪ȴǫ飬Խĸм
⺢ӡԺʱ䵽ùȥˡҲ׽׽Ҳ㻹
˵棬̲סת
һȣֻľھֶУһܷһʮҶֻһ׬Ǯ
Ե÷ǳæµҷǳרע

˪ŭɫ಻ѡ
Աţȴ̲סЦ˵ⷭģҲֻԼıģ䣬Ψ׬ǮرĸȤ
гϵķ紵ݶرܷе̻ܴ׬һʡΨһǣ
Լ˵ģÿֻ׬ӣʮӡһֱСС֣
Ȼľͷ죬Ȼ桰æµš
⺢ӡ
˪ҲĵΣ
ˣ绪ʱҲˡĵҪŻǻȽȥɡ
Զǿɢÿ˵·
үǱڴϢǿԽȥˡ

һ˽ȥ
үӾסĵط֪󡱣Χرɭϣ֪жٸְءĸһ߽ȥ󲮺ͲĸѾˣͬýգڣһվһУ̬ؾأࡣ
ȻЩ棬ʱҲɫ˳΢ͷ˵һηӡ


89 үӵܣ
õףɫ̫ʦΰţһ۾ͿţԨ٣ϵˡ
үү
һĽл廹ûӦСþһ̵˹ȥ˵Ļ
ɣ˭ˣ
ⲻǼҵС𣿡
Сһڼǵүүˣ

ϣɫϵſֱۣСñڻϥͷһͰеӡ
СҲʹλ˵ĻһĽүү̡
һĻӵɫӡ룬̲ס¶ʵɫ
үϿǰ˴ҳĴ󲮸بһ
һ壬ֻСģÿμǰǳֵģƫƫүӡ̫̫һ㶼⣬ϲ
СõĶұ£˭Ҳѧ
ףŮףˣף㸣綫ٱɽ
Ĵáøңȥף١үϲЩݳޡĶ
ǰҲ͹ЩصĶͻأ˻һ١
ԣʮĴ٣Ҳû˸ҷүӵļɻ䣬ٴ졣͵ĶһЩصĶ
˵үҲϲ
ţˡ
ү΢΢ףӹӣû̫顣һ壬˶֪үӵƢˡ
ϿЦʮٵĴϲӣҲû̫¶
øĸף٣űؾصվһߡ
үûʻ˱㲻Ҷ˵
үү壬ף綫ˮٱɽɣ
ȵĸףٵʱͻȻǰ
Ŷ
廰һ䣬һӵ˶ʱȫ˹̫ʦϵүӡ̫̫Ҳ׷׿˹һע⵽Աߵ壬¶ɫ
εһ˹ף٣˵Ķǡ綫ٱɽҲһֻں˼֣⾳ʱȻͬ
ףٵĻҲĶˣٴʻǵһ
Ǻǣүӣһ⺢Ӻ㵱ķأ
̫̫ͻȻһЦ˵

үֻЦŵ˵ͷûж˵һԣĴ󲮡ú͹øȴ׷Ϊ֮ݡ
˶֪Ϊ˽佾꣬Ҫ̫ڽүӺٿˡĴبܶʱүҲֻ΢΢ͷ
һ䡰赭дûʲôϤ˶֪Ѿ൱ѵˡ
⣬һ͸㡣
˵
һ䣬Ȼһ䡣Ĵ˪һԼɫĴҲǳĬ
ĴĸոȻһʱȴһЦ
˶֪үӸϲ
ֹǲ˵ȻҵԼˣ˴ϲ⣬ҲܡңҲֻĲ常
СֱһŲյġǲСֱСմȾٳϵϰСС;ѧᡰ
û뵽үӸոջ˼䣬Ͼͷɻˡ
СӾǽÿ䰡
Ĵĸһ
үӶ̫ʦϣ壬ľޱ顣ͱһԵ̫̫ҲЦݡ
͵ʲô
˵⣬үͻȻڵĿⶢϵǼεĶ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
һڵ
ڵϣʵʵ˵
䣡
廰һ䣬˲ը˹
ʲô
ĸɫ䣬ע⵽ϳʱ˸ĳóʵʵġ
ֻ绪û뵽Ȼһ
Ѫ֣֮үóطġ
壬£
ĴبҲ̲סϴΣ˳飬˱Ҧá
ب˶忴ΪĹۣĴĸڳ䳰ȷʱŻֹ
ʮôϲ͵Ҳ̫ס
СҲǾԲеġ
ôô°ⲻүү𣿸ϽѶүүǸ
ĴҲһ
⺢̫ᣬ̫çײˡǰŸոôõı֣үӵע⣬ΪףʣôôͷͿأ
ⲻԻǰ;
壬˪Ǻܺøеġڴٵʱ͵˪ҲΪǹ⡣¸˲£Щɻ䡣
̫̫ԸͰүӲͬʱҲЦݣ촽
뵹û˵ʲôֻһۣüͷһԵձһĴһԴɫ
ΪʲôҪһѵ
үӳ
նʱѹˡ
ŵڵϣȴûκεı仯
͵ؽΪүү䣬Ҳܱеĸ飡
һ䣬˻ûӦүȴ˳Ĵ󲮸̲סĿһۡ
ֶԽԽˡ
ؽ޷棬ɲ仰˵͵ûпġǿıòſ棬Ҳʮ㣬Щɶ칤ĶҲ辫ĵĴĥһ仰˵ġزīȣʫԻ
ѵ˵үȻѾݣȻѾ֮꣬Ȼסʵ޻Ժӣǵ۹ȨأܵҰصس
Ѿ˲Ҫ߹ٺ»ķͣҪҫҪٹٳصĵز
еؽһ
ֶôģԲŸүһؽΪǾǲˣ
һ㣬ب֮ǰû뵽ʣһʲôûʲôУܵүˡ
ȻүƺҲ뵽һ㣬¶һ˿Цݡ
ùɣ
үӿڵһֻơϥйȥĽ͵үӵϡ
ĸԸ
үӣǷڵ𾴡ܶ飬Ҫ˺ܶе塣
үӵĺܶ飬嶼ʱ򣬲˽⵽ġ
ڴƵ۹Ĵ档
һҦүӣҦҵĶҦүӡһˣԼүү˶ΪŹ
һɣĴˡ߱ެͻʺս
Ҳڳ͢ʱƣ־ʱªΣ쳯Ұ
ʹ䣬۹Σ飬Ƶʥʣ˽ʷǰǿʢ۹
ʾɱ£
۷ʱ򣬼ˡ
һ࣬ܵ۹ء

֮󣬵ʥϻ̲סķݣҪ
ÿʷﶼЩԭ͵ģҲ֣ΪʲôүڳҰӵôӰ죬ԼȴҲʷôһˣ
ֱܶԺһ֪Լүү˭
ž䣡
ʷļʱ࣬Ҳһࡣֻ磬䡱ƣ
Ź


90 ʿ
һ¶û֪ô¡ʱүӿʹˣڣȻһɫġ
ֻȷӦԼµʲôһ˼ɫ
Ĵ󲮸بƳһĻг̾Ϣһһ˿ӵĸ顣
Ŷ⽣ϻ֣
үӸոմһڲȻֽԼ¶׭ʱȤ
ǣѽȡ˸֡
ͷӦ
ʿ
үӴغڲġؽȡ˳ûл觡ʯؽĽɫʵ޻
׭Ĵ֣ǿү۾һ
ʿ
ѽͽʿ
ͬһʱ䣬˶
ôŪģүүǵ࣬Ϊ͢ºͣǶ֮Ҳ𾴲ѡպչôǼ򵥵ʿܹôĽ̫ˡ
үӻûڣĴبƼϵ֣üͷ֮ǰı֣ǰһ̲ס̾һȷʵ˹
ǿе㲻ˡ
࣬ڴƵ۹ܺȵҲֻҦҵҦүˡһʿǵ͹˸׵ĹͺڴƵáλ
˵ףϾһʮĺӡȻвܣδ˵㡣
󲮴ˣֶ⽣үү͵ģֶүү˵룡
ڵû˵۾ȴǿԼүү
ǳ裬購ǣԴΪ裬裬ʱڣʹɱݹһˣˣ˹ȣǹʿ
ʱʹȼɱʵۣǿߣԶۤǹʿ
۵ʱ򣬰೬ʹ۷ūʹߡūǿ׳ܣ೬˵뻢Ѩɵûӡʮ䣬ҹնūҲǹʿ
ʹ£ʿүүֺ˶ݣֺ迪ķݣҴֺ²ܳʢ˥
ڵ£ɫ
ЩȻԼүү˵ģҲе˼롣
үүһֱǲôġֱںܶԺΣ±Ԫ˧Ǹλãүүʱ˼
λıְ
һǸλõʱ򣬿ǵѾǸ˵˽ǹ¡
ϱӣѣȵ֮ǽǵ㡣Ȼ龫ǣƴȫȻľ֧ʮ֮ɸı䲻ˡ
źϱӣⱲӣһ
ҹÿÿԼϳеΣ嶼ҹߣ
һ˶ľ֧޷ȥʱҲסܹԼԼұۣǸöð
Լ˵ģʹʿԼλλأ
ʹʿһлȻͬ
ֻһУ岻˵ֻܽүүٳʱ˵˳£ֻԼүүүүȴδضԼ
˿ʼʱ򻹲ԣȵ˵һ仰㲻ɷ׷Ϊֹݡ
ããã˵úã˵úã
үӿʼʱǲɫϿ飬ʱ͵Ľȴ̲סɫĵĹЦ
Ȼ֪ӣ㿰οˡب㲻Ƕ£ֻгҵ˼
үϻοЦĴ󲮸о첻ѣүϿЦүӻǵһοүЦôġ
⣬بһ仰ˡ󴫡ɹʮ꡷ԻʿڣҺ񣬲ɵҲ仰ǶҵıͣǡǡǶİɣʿˣ
үӴλվ˳ԾĿУȻһȥ塣
ף
˪۾үӣֿϸ壬ֱԼ۾
үǹ֮س̩ɽһĴڡ
С󣬾ǴˣûܹãҲûڸܹĴ
˪ôҲףֻһѽȻܵ˵ӡ
Сӡ
˪壬ĸеԾˡŮ˲Σ˪֪һʲô˲顣
һԵͬĸеԾ
ıĿõģԷ糾ͲѡԷ糾үǲͬնġ
ⷭ˵үӵȥˡ
૵˼òϣˢж֪
һ࣬ĴĸԪͲһүȥ壬һɫѿѡ
һԵ̫̫֮ǰڴϲ͵촽ʱҲЦ
ҮҮҮ
СòŲոշʲôҲ˵ʲôүү̸ˣҲˣϻвɾȭͷ˷ܵĴ
ոգǰסˣҶһ¡
⺢ӡ
ĸ״ʱҲĨ۾ϲòѣո飬㼱ᶼˡ
վ󲮵Աߣүүվһ𡣡
үǣֵ
绪Ҳаɡ
ǣ
ĸ׼ѣϲãǽǰÿιٳʱΨΨŵŵϻ̳Ͽ֣Ψʲô顣
ô꣬⻹үӵһζôӣرᵽ֡
үүһǺĸվһɡ
忴ĸףͻȻ
Ǻǣȥɡ
үһȴûЦ˵ТΪȣľٶΪ裬ܸˡ
ˣҰղŵ鷿ߴһúղء
үйһԵĽ
ɫɫ͸ղŽȻͬȻǳá
üһããȻⲻЩﳤ̵ġǸոջ˵̫̫ʱҲɫͰ
ʱǳǴ𻰵ʱ򣬳żܽӼ仰С塢ͳͳֻйԹһվŵķݡ

һ࣬ıĿƳʱ͵͵˸ĴָЦЦһơ
ôȥ治
ˡ
͵͵˸ơ
ȥ͸͸

ٴҡҡͷʱһֳܲƵľۻᡣȥʱҲԼ
ǶΪˣ̬Ѿȫͬ˳˺ܶࡣ
˵ⱲǽĿһ죬ѾĪҸ
ʧȥ֪ڡ
ӵУ֪ϧ
岻ԼܿʧȥȤˡЦЦѾ֪ᷢʲô
Ҷʹ⹫ţ裬ȳȥˣ
ŶӣͻȻ˸գϵ˵ܡ
ϣ˱˵ʱһүӣ̫̫ҡͷҲûֹ
ĴĸԱɫ಻ѡ
Ĵø֣ҲҡͷѣΡ


91 ҵĽɣ
ˣĹӵˣ
һȺ˵ʱһɫؼ׵Ľǿץһꪣ˽Ĺڵϡ
Ŷ
仰˶ǰһүҲ΢΢ӣ

Сˣ
ԭվһ죬仰ҲǾһֵܣ󲮡ùáףһС塣
ȻСĲԶġСǽѵӪĽ죬ÿ궼縺ŴӸѡӢɽѵΡ
⣬һЩӢ죬Ҳ
ˣȻ뾩ʦԶΪʥԷǺɡ
ֳɩӡ㡢򡭡Ƕڰ
ķ⣬δˣһˬʵĴЦֻһĹֻһݣȴ쳣·紵ɹƤɹüΪڵὫ糾͵Ĵ˽
ףرףˣ
Ὣ󲽿˽ڵĵطĸϷүӡ̫̫һ
Ǻǣڶˡ˾ͺã
Ὣ̫̫ѣɹڵӣһۡȮӣһţССδ飬һֱ̫̫Ĳ
ɣɽˡ
̫̫үӾԵõˡ
С˵ͷӦһĿɨһȦܿȺϣĵĳ
̲סЦ
һȺ棬ߵľСˡС˺ͲҲС
ҪǣС鿪ʣСǴûʲôرڴϱӣ桢ӵʱ򣬵һȺ׷ʧָʱֻСûʲôӣ忪Ц
ԣһȺ棬ϲС塣ϵҲ
С߹ȥڹøֵԱվ¡
Сɽ࣬ѵûүҲⲻѯһС嶼һһ
ھͲ϶ûˣ
һ˼üһãүԵ÷ǳˣЦҲ˺ܶࡣ仰ĴĸԪоͲζˣ䲻һ䣺
ߣﲻǻһ𣿡
ˣ
Ĵĸһ䣬¶үӡ̫̫ĴبùáøͬСڣһȺȫ˵ĿⶼĴĸ
绪Ǳһᣬ
ҲĬˡ
֪ĸ˵ԼĶáãС⣬ͷϻһͶ硣
ս̳и²ֻж⣬ڴ
һ㣬һֱĸʹ
˶ף֮ԳڴΣĴ
һ壬˶֪Ķһɡ
Ҹʲôû˵
ĴĸԪҲ֪ʧԣΪңô˵棬ӲŲӲϴ
ˣֵò𣿡
ب
֪үӲϲⲻǹүӲ
ǾǣǾͲǡѵ˵˵𣿡
벻ˣסԼĸף͸ŭĿӡ
ûĸǣԺд˷
Ӧ˰ɣ
а
Ҳȥˡ
еֵܽã֮УԶͬʱҲ°ģ롣Ķá
˵֣Ը°ĸ׶ôĻôԼĶñС׼ףʮǧ
ú˭ס
СʱʼǺԶ࣬Ҳһ档ǺĴ֮䣬˴Ҳûʲô˵Ƚ䵭
֪һжܹĶˡ
ˣ
ϣүӺݺһӣڿȥˣ
Ƕҳȥ
ү˪һսϢϱŷĴبǻһ˵ˡ
ү汸ǾǶĸ֡깬͢䣬үƾһ֮ڲܵҾ֮Уֵʥλ
Ȼô꣬ϣϵսܹشʵ˲ȻڳЩСɱȡ
үײŭһŭ˶嶼ͷ
Ĵĸ֮ǰֶײʱүŭҲһϣ˵
үӣѵúǹ㡣ңԪҲĵġ
̫̫æһԴԲ
بڶ˪ǻȥ
үˣһȺﻹǣ׷״Ӵ˳ȥ
¡үүϲ㣬үүүүˡ
СҲҪϻȥ̫̫סˡһŮָССԸүӡ̫̫ģʱҲֻˡ

үӵʮٳҪŪôҶ𣿡
֪بɫǳѿҼҽ̺ϣүӡ̫̫һû졣
Բʲôب඼ˡοԪִƲôңô໤ū澡ӣȫһ˲ٳ֡
ûһóӪģĲŻھﾭӪҵáبǵٺ»ԶԶġ
ҲبϿݺ̵ԭ򡣵һΣ̫ݣ
飬ҲǸ˵ǳ飬ǰҦңͱҦˡ⺢ӰǣΪʲôǵأϣӳϿʼһֱĺĺүڴϲӲġ㵽ʲô
بײϷŭ̲סˡ
ҵʲô
ب⣬ίͲҲ̲סˣ
بźãõҳҦҵǻ£˵ף׵ûá㰲׵ˣ飿ҵĳӣӣ㿴ʲôӣ
ҵλҲˣ϶ô£ڴүӻѵ˵˵𣿡
ب㲻ҪˡҵǼӿľ֡үӵλݣעҪ̳еģƾʲôҪֱǣ˲ҲͰˣѵĸ׵Ҳ𣿡
۾ͨ죬ûǣֳ̱ײүӡһУΪԼĺӣ
بףȴףǽŵڣҪ̳үڳҰľ޴Ӱ죬ԼүµԴԺضľ֡
һ㣬ôĲ˵ģ
بʼŭ𣬵ϵĻһӳĬˡ
ͬʱķݵһ࣬ҲڼԼС塣
СӣЩ飬ɽ˵ˡ
С߹ݺݵļ򡣴ԼΪֻжʮû̫סСûʲôļӡ
С壬ɹˡôȥ¾Ҫһˡ
ҲЦһ㶼ûԳľ
ˣ
СһȻ
ﰵЦûк˵ġֹСҲ


92 ̹ټƻ
СӣȡЦСǰɣ
СȻҲó˵Ƥڣ̲סһָͷһ¡
ֻЦЦҲû㡣
ǿϧˣүӴ٣粻ʵǰҲġ
СȻʲô겻ѣ
벻ǼĿѪ֢һϣ
һӳĬˡڴﲻ˵үӺ̫̫ڣ˵˺ܶ˼ɡ
һ˵ܣǾǡѪ֢
û֪һôʼģֻ֪֡Ѫ֢ѪŴÿһһ˳֡Ѫ֢
һ˿Ѫ֢ʱ򣬾ͻᱻѪеɱơǰһƬѪ죬ɱԴ󷢣֮Уȫܿơ
ĶþСѪ֢
ֲ֢ŴģΪԭүӡ̫̫ԶóΡ
׼ȥοһ¶硣
ͻȻڵ
Ŷ
СĿգһ£Ȼ˵ͷ
ҲáڵԷ糾ӦҲȷʵǿȥˡ
Сɽѵʧʵһ㶼ڽЩ£һҲ
ΨһĲǣΪɽϵĽ죬æûа취뿪ɽ
Ǻǣ˵Ǹʲôȸֽʲôʱһɽڶͷˡ
СͻȻЦ
ҪҲУʮƽһ
ЦһֻҪǮơ
ţô󣡡
Сһֶֻ֪ܹ󣬵ȴûȥϸʣû뵽ô
Ȼ˵ȻҪʮСĻһ׼ˣ
ƻһЦ
Сġ⻹࣡
С˵׼һ۸ʮȸֽʱĵĹЦ
ˣС壬мһ鷳ˡ
ͻȻɫ
үӴ٣ѵСҵɲΪ˵Цġ
ʲô£
СЦŵ
ʣСϲʶʲôɽݵĽ̹٣

ˣеĻ⣬СڷӦһ档
ʲô
Сһľ衣κǣǣҵ鶼С£ǽɣ
ҿɾ㣬ȻǽŵڣЩǧġ
С壬뵽ȥˡѵΪҪ췴ɣ
ʧЦ
ʦ棬Щ嵨죬쵽棬ѽ˽ǽ
Ȼʵʱ鳭塣Ǻܶ˶֪ġ
Ҫʮǧ
һЩɽݵĸ֣ѵһЩߡûƣ߰ʮ궼ûйϵֻҪܰæѵͿԡ
ֱԵ
СɽϵĽ̹٣ִѵһ޴ơϧϱûһ뵽
ѵʵ֪Ҫǣܹϵͳĸ֡
˼ܾáҪӦպΣԼͱӵ㹻ʵǿĲ¡
Щǲұ˵ģӸǽɣ̫ˡ˼ȥֻԼ
˵ĻޣûбɽϵЩ̹ٸɫˡ
岻ҶЩ۵Ľ̹٣ЩݵĽ̹پͲһˡ
ôɽݵĽ̹һһѡЩһֱܳ͢ٺ»
˷ѡ
Ͱעϡ
Щ£۵һ𣬺úõáպһֱ
ʲôһֻӴĽսǿģ
ĵ׵Ұĺͼı
ֻûϵЩҲġҪҰĺͼƻͱҪͨС壡
ҲֻСܰ쵽
ɽϵĽ̹٣еǼڲᡣÿһ궼ҪȥϽҺ˽롣飬ɱͷġҪ󲻸ߣûƵĻҵȷʵܰҼ
͢ĹأֻҪ֮󳬹ʮ꣬ٵűˡЩҲʮˣȷҲԵĻҵȷʵҼ
Сüͷʵ
Ǿ͸ˣ
帧Цʮ꣬ʮҲԶˣ䣬ûͻƿĻս󽵡
ľʮ꣬Ǿḻʱ򡣶Ҳи˼
ֻյļɺ;飬ȥɱСõĻ˵Եĸ߼̹٣
治ʲôû㡣Щţ͢ÿ»ǵٺ»нǧƽ׸벻ǡ
С
ǮǾ͸˵ˡͰǣ˵ÿÿʮƽ

ʲô
СһӶˡǧƽһˣһ£˵ˣҪĶˡ
һһļ۸Ȼˡڵңɲǰˣ
壬áôǮһֵֵã
С壬ҽǧǡǮǮûϵؼҪ뵽ˡ

һֱŬ׬ǮûаǮúء뼸Ľ̹٣һһʮƽ۸ʱȫġ
û˱ףٶǮȵһ٣ЩǮҲһĲֵ
壬ȴӲģ
׬˶ǮֻаЩǮȫȥתսֵõġ
һУͳͳΪպǳ׼
ǧǡİɣòǡǮЩݵĽȫ
Сҡͷ壬ȫһܼӵ۹⣺
ͽ̸ˡʱϢˣһ֪ͨġ
š
ͷЦ

үְ˽˽ȥ˵˼䣬Ȼɢˡ
үʮٴС£֪һ˼֮ϾֵүӵЩϲǹˡ
ү£үһϲЯΨǾ٣үӵЩʾɣǱ鲼ϱλְλ
֮ԶүأүӵݵλЩʾҲһҪԭ
ԼҦҰߵ˶ڹȥˣֻҪңֻҪүӻ֧㲻׵¡
үӣЩʾһǳءÿүյʱ򣬶ʮô飬͸Ӳܴˡ
¡¡
ֻһĹķ¡¡·涼һװλԼһ˷۶
ķݱشƫƧôһУһƬ֡վһߴĿԺǽ˸ʽа׷ԲԵˣгȺصˣҲѪյˣһЩԼ࣬СС
ʲôˣЩͳͳǷǸ¶ȨζȺпϴĳ͢
ЩٶܲԤ͢һƷҪԱڵ۹ӵоصĵλ


93 飡
忴ԺǽЩӰипѡ
Щ˾һԴˣҲүүŲƽʱȣõϵһµϲһι¥ܱĻϷŪ
ޣƵ۹û˸Ʋҡ
үӵ¸أڳҰ֮мءʾɸǱ鲼£ҵ廨ţƹܲģ£иؼι٣ʦбĴҲоĽ
ĸеЩ˶ӵзǷӰ죡
ŵڲ˵˵ġҦƵʱҲңǽΪжݵľУ֮졣
˵õģүүЩʾɡϿɡ˭õЩ˵Ͽɣ˭ܽЩšһɣ˭ӵһɼΪӴ
Ҫõףүүûа취Ⲣүүͬͬ⣬Ҫͱ˵ͬ
Ҫһ˵ͬܺ˵Ҫôͬһ׵飡
ĴûгɹĶûгɹҲûгɹĴ󲮡øףСǣѾʧ˵ģ
ļ̳дһ򵥵飬ֹңҦңҲһֻǴҵ׳̶ȡʽͬѡ
δүӹ϶ΪԼĽӰˡǵжϿɴ󲮸Ǿ˵ˡ
˵ڶүӵأϿһүһĵǾԲܵġ
ҲҼ̳⣡
ͬʱҲүӵĲ
¡
д˷תһͷʱķݵĴźȻһ򿪣ȻԺǽЩӰ˸߲е롣
ûӵ˶ȻĶУȻ֪ķȥɫһߣһ̸߽ȻϲõӣͺʮٵĲүүǼԼһ
һĻг̾ϢһңҲֻүүǷĵˡ
Ӽɽ忴Щ˲ϵĽ֪үӰ١
ûүӵͬ⣬ǲ׼ӴЩүӵʾɵġǽɡˣЩ˰ٵʱ򣬲壬Сǣͳͳƿġ
ٵĹ̳˺ܾãһŵ˽ȥûдΪҲүӵĹءȻ֮һִųȥ
̾Ȼ
֪˶ãʦٵĹڽ
һɲǼ䣬ԺնȻýĴáĸĸ绪ý˶һڴĿ֪ķ
ֻСȻһЦ˫Ժ󣬱һɽȻԵá
Сӣ˵үү᲻ȥ
֪ʲôʱýͻȻƹһƬ֣Ƶ
٣㣬ҪôĸͲĶ𣿡
ٺЦûֱӻش
СӣƤ𣿡
ý֣ĸ׵ߣвĳȭͷĸһֱϲýԼߵ̫һֱ֪ġ
˿ı䲻ýԸ
ͣĸҲѹסˡֻÿαĸѵһⲻ˵ġ
治ЩӵģΪʲôֶôءҴҲڿСҲһ
ָһͽһƬҶԶԶġмвмҲв
¡ΣһǺŮ޹صġ
֪ġ¡ЩŮϱûйϵүүҲȥ
ЩǣáͷѪвҲвм
ЦЦҡҡͷûнӻ
֪һҪģһҪʹ뾡һа취ȥΪ˸˵Ȩơ
вòɣ
ҪʵԼԸԼм縺ʹͱ취үүǵͬ
Щû취ýֱ˵ġ
һ˶ֲ֪ΧĬĬȴš֪˶ãһϵĽŲ֪ĴſڳһȫװĽͳ졣
ͳĿתһۣܿ˹
һȺ˵ĿⲻԾľۼͳϡ壬Ҳס˺
үŹȥ˵
ھ廹а˾ɵĵطͳĽŲȻֹһ
ȥүүġ
ĸһӸüɫĴߴٵ
ĸ߸пյġ
ԭҡ
ôһɲǣ嶼ҪΪͳԼġ
֪ܿ
Ѿǵһνˡÿνȥģ廹ǸоóЩš
ͳȥ֮ͻȻٴγˡһΣȴֱվǰ
幫ӣŹ룡
ͳ̬ǳĿ
һɲǼ䣬ķĿͻȻˣϵɫԾĿֻʮ壬ɫһӱ÷ǳѿ
֪ûʮٽȥġ廹ֻһӣүȫ֪
ү̫ƫˣ
ҧгݣȭͷýġ
ȴûѿɫʱֻиˣһĳװ
ڵˣ
һƬϲá
Ȼ԰һƬ죬һҲ⡣Ϊߵһүӵӣ̫ˡ
ǹ¥ȼΣǱҦ죬ֻߺͿʯļƻүʮٳ׽
Ѿ߾ԼܡߵһסĸΪүӶԼƫģȴ֪ⲢʲôĴ࣬ԼͨһŬġ
ףȽȥˡ
߹ȥĸ׵֡
š
ͷһϲá
㣬ˣ
Ƥĳֺ˸ƣҲüӳ֪ȥ
ﲢûˣǴȴүӺϲ´ڴҲ˲ιۡ
ػĽҲǲġ
ܲܳɹӮүӵΣͿˡ
һƹһһɶߣ߹ϵĻ磬˴С
üá
ȥһ۾ͿүӸסΧ忴һ׷׵ˣһֹȣ¶ǿϡơ
ЩƳ۵İ׷ˣ׷׿˹
׼ЩЩ׷ˣҲסһүӴ٣Щʾɴ󲿷ֶˡ
ģȫү¾أӵзһϲ£нЩףٵ棬ӵߵҲӵĺӰ
ҪүЩʾɵĳϣ⼸׷˵ӵоصķ
ֻǣǵϿɣпܽһүЩʾɵϿɣ
һؿ飡
һ棬үҲֻܲ֡ṩѡܲСܻܲЩϲµϿɣүҲ֪


94 ʱƣһ
λλҵϵĶӣҲǵӣ壡
ʱ׵үӷˣһָֻ֣Ÿոս塣
Ŷ
幫ӣ
幫ӽɡ

һȺ׷˷׷˵ţȴûж⡣ֻǳڶүӵ𾴣ŷšѾ̫ˡ
үӵĳ룬ϵĳãǶǼġǵĸˣҲںһ塣
壬λ
幧Ĺһ񣬶λ˵̬Ҳ⡣ܹүģϲ¡
Щ˴󲿷ֶĵĹ͢䣬Ҳүڴý㣬붯ҵΣһֹʥʣʱҲ볯ãλ˳ȻףȻӵзͬѰٺӰ졣
һǴҡŷļһĺۣȻףȻӵвӰ
Щ˵Ӱ죬ȷʵòŶһʮС̫ءʵϣմүӹ⣬ǷܵĻ˵
Űɣλã
ү淢
ˣʸȻүӵӣŰ۱ҲֻȥһһСӣŵȥˡ
һνʵϣүӾǰġҲóЩ飬ԺҲкô
ź壬һȺ˶ʱ
ڽɨһȦүӺȺϲ£󲮸بҲүӵԱߡ
󲮸ǳӣͬʱҲǳ͢سܻܲȺϳĳϣүӵԱԶһϯλġ
˴󲮸ҲڡյķݵʱһߺͲͷʱȫһˣүӺȺϲʱķǳϸϱֳһɺǿҵı
֮ǰӡǽȻͬġ
ҲӮүүȺϲµϿɣ
Ժһͷ
ܻܲȺϲµϿɣүү˵˲㣬ֻƼʸ񡣡𾴡͡Ͽɡֶǿûõģֻзģܷá
ȻÿζǼı֣֪ôŬүӵȺʾɡ
㣬Щϲ±Ǽоˣһ־ˣôĲܣжǡСԵء
ҪǣͲһɵ¡ҪȻ󲮸סøС壬硢磬ǻʧˡ
һȺˣֻܻһϲ¡ɣҪͬʱ˵ĳϣĿǰΪֹûܹ
ĿɨɨϷүӵʱвһ£һ˿˵ɫ
үӰǳˣ
Ժһͷû˱ף֮үүͻȥİˣսϵشټ϶񣬼֮ףȻΪʵ׼ײߣүүһֱڸǿȵ֮
δҪ˼꣬үӾͻֳ御
ʱ̣Ǵ󲮸Ǹףһ廹ûʶһ㡣
үүǿ˵ĿУүүͺһԶ¡
ϣû˿ԳүүҲһ
үү֮󣬷һ㣬һ˲ŻԵôĻңһȣ̩ɽɫĴ󲮣Ҳ޴롣
Զǵһ죬ϻſɫ
֪Ҫ̳үүӰ죬˲û̫Ļᡣʱ䣬ҲֻĴζѡ
о仰Сʱ򡱣ûһĵĺүӵЩʾδһɢ
үһ۵Ӱ͵λһɢδһЩңӰҲ޴ǰ
ҵĴдһ򵥵飬ҲһֱүүĲ
ΣҶҪ취ӮүүȺϲµϿɣ
ڽȭͷ
˺үүϲ£һȺСÿүүٳʱ򣬹ȻүүƼѡ˵ʱ򣬵ֺγЩϲүүƼ̳Ӱʱ򣿡ðʧ
һȺţ֪ĵµʱ֡
ԭͻʺԽǿʢкơ˵ĿɺѾɳɺ̸£ǲܲ
һ׳ʵ¶ŨҾɱϢİ׷˵ϵ˳ơҶүүϲ£үүһμӹǳɱع͢䣬үүһֵʥλ
ҶҶѾû֪ˣҲûĸСʡֻ֪үү£Ĺϲ£Ҽս¡
˻оڵЩʱүүЩϳĿȴѾԶ˱Ĳԭ
Щ꣬³ƽʥʵּҵǺ⡣ĶͻʣóұЩˣ̣֪ͨǴȥ˶پڣǵļͷʼľˣ
ͻʵ˱óٵõǾսǣǵ۹֮
Ҷ뷢԰ף˸һ㿴̬˵𱱲Ķͻʺһ硣
ֹˣĹҿˡͻʵαɢڿܱߡݹȵĴԽԽࡣǰʱǻϻԶˡͻǸȫǡڣֻܶˡ
ĳЩʱͻȻϮ£ҪʧһЩŹ˲ǵսڼӣ
һ׳˶İ׷˵棬ĸߣһĸ߳һͷҴָ첲ȵģһˣ˶׳ˡ
ǵãүүһ£˳ơӡ˵ʱӣ꣬ԴΪ١
ҲһֻǺӱˡ⣬Ҳû˸ٽӡˣ˶ϡ
ǰүү£ǵһͽ
Źͱߵڱ¶˵˵Щ鲻ܲ⼸꣬۹ܱ߿ɶǲ̫ƽ
һ׷ϲҲ͵ĵĵǡ
ϵãǣүүơүͬһʱ̸𱱲ԭĶͻʣȻģžŹٵĻᣬһ˳
ǱĻO飬ͻʺְ𡣰Ǳʲô˵𣿡
үϲͬʱ𱱲ͻʺ£͸˾ʱ
ص嵽ƣһֱ޵ĸ֮صʱ򣬱ǣɴ󽫾ʮ򾫱פأа׵֮ѣαӵأࡣ
˴ƣڱĶͻʺҲһֱǱżߵľ衣үϣͻʺһսҲʧС
ڶͻʺǿүӡһ˾裡


95 ʱƣ
ڳ˻˵ģϢͨûж˳ˡүӻһ䣬˿ˡ
ѹܴ⼸Ҳ͢Ϲӣϣֹܹ͢óףرֹΪһֱƿţ˽óײɣв
⣬Ҳһֱڽ档ͻǱߣһֱ˵ЩǲܿƵɢ£ҲڴЩˡˣҲûа취
һƮƮİ׷ߵ
ǡϡүӵʱͳ˲ͬдһֺ֣۸վȴֲʧƮݣд֮磬Ϊϵ鷨ҡ
үӵĲ鷨дõġ
ӣǳ͢سµȨޡ飬ܲڳ͢һᡣ
˵ĿһתһĴب
بȻѾʮӶܴˡһȺүӵĲ»Ǹӡ
ûãҲҪĶͻʺƥҲһòƥ飬²ܴӦġ
بͻʺѵսл֮޷ġҪóײס
بĻһȺ׵ϲ¶üͷ
ͻʺϵ£͢Ѿȥֻ߽ˡͻʺһֱڧʱӦϲˡ
بæ
үүҵи⣡
һֱԱţʱͻȻվ͸¶ǿҵıһ˲䣬˵ĿⶼеϣҲ⡣
ǿԽ͵ڶ󶼻ݺݵĽѵһ١ֻҪǰһǺݺݳǲŻҲѹסͻʵ棡
ȭͷݺݵ
忴һĻü̲סҡͷҵ˶ϣܹүүԼϲһڱｨҵ
Ҳ⣡
ھϵĲȻûô
̫ˣôıôסǣ浽󶼻жҪ飬ɳݣ෭֤ôĶͻǱ֪ˡǰ׼Զǧܹ󶼻âʱ϶Ǵ´ࡣ
ұδȶôҪʳҲǸС¡
ⷭǿеġʵϣȫ߱ԣ
а
ּѾһˣǺȻ漰ķ棬ҪʲộǺ
֪֪ʵڳϵ츳ԶھϵǿĶࡣϧһѹ磬֮УŻᵼ֡
ȻֵĻһȺϲ¶üͷϷүҲ΢ɲһüͷ
ǺǣүΪ뷨
˵пΪ
ͻ̫ʢү˵ĶԣȷʵӦôѹѵһ¡

һȺͷ׵˷׷׵ͷȻ˵ͬĻ˭öܵ˼
뿪ʼĵڴΪٻͬһ¡ͬͬˣζȴȫˡ
Ҳɵӣо϶ʲô⡣һɫʱѿޱȡ
£
һԣب̲ס˵ˣ
ڶĴ󶼻ͰĴ󶼻֪һֱͣ˲֮ǰӲ˶Էһ˽¹ϵĺܡֶԸͻʣôܣ
ɫˢһ¾Ͱˡ
ȻھеְλߣҲ֪˧͡ǾдɡүӵЩ£ȻǿүӵӣûеҴҲѹ
һүǰ棬ҪӮүȺµϿɣû뵽˸ǰ˸Ц˵ӡ󣬶ʱǵͨ죬ݺݵȥҧͣһԲ

忴һĻ̲ס̾ϢһһֱǺǿˣȻеദǱԲ
ϱҲִ˶ЩˣͲĸǹϵֽţ֪١
ô
ͷŸôһѵʱ򣬴ϣүͻȻˣһΣѯȺϲ£ҲѯʴبǣС塣
үһڣеϲ¶סˣŤͷ壬ͺһע⵽һ
ôܣ
һֱΪүƵǡ빫ӡҪ빫ӡλáڿȫˡ
ŹƵľȻǽǸֻʮĺӡ
һʼΪŹֻĶѡ
үү
һ㵣ʷϲĸоûȷʵҪһ˵ע⡣
ǱҲҪֳϣַʽġððȻĲ죬ֻүүȺλȨصϲǾáðʧ
ʱ̲ˡ
һֱڽؾأ˵
ֻû뵽֮죬үүȻֳϣöͻҪľԼһСӵ
ȸû뵽ԴʱͻȻʵʱֲִĸо
˵Ҫ£
ү΢˸ĶЦŵ
Ȼ֮侲ģĴĿһۣȴʲôҲû˵֪Ī֪ͬĪӡ
بû뵽үôͻῪʼĿ顣
ǰһĻƺͻȻʵȫүӿΪ֮ǲ׼ÿʵˮƽ
벻үӶȻôأ
بа֮ǰڴ׽һĻ׽Ȼү֪ĸо
һ룬кܴĹϵ
쵰
벻֪ʲôүӵ˼Ҳ֪ʲôǿүӾȻҪ˵ȭͷݶҪҧˡ
ͷŽ壬ͻȻĵ⣡
ǰүʲô뷨ʹ˵ɡû˻ģ¡
үӵĲҲŹ
Ĭӣһηı֡үӵϣҲûΪ
ȻȻҲû
ش飬㲻ָһʮСʲô̸ۡ˿үӵľٶ¸໹Ҫѵѵ
У
һ˵ע£ڴλվԺд˷ֻƬ֮󣬱ƽ
ȴõĻˣģһǿţ
үүλΪ⣬ڶͻʺڳãģڱڣ
ӭ˵Ŀ⣬˴㵲ѡϷ巢үҲⲻѡ
үʲôڶͻʺڳãʲôģڱڣү˵ϸһЩ
һϢɱս۹ġҶϡͻȻüͷġүӵĲ棬սıԷ棬Ϊ
һ˵ҲԴϵ
ǾλҶϡҲЩ˼׼ڡȡ衱ġеķʸȷ¡


96 ʱƣ
үүλǰոҲ˵ˣǰͻʺĿܱߣûгǳصĻҰǶԶࡣڣȴԶ˸ࡣѵүүλǰΪֻԭѵֻҪܸı̬ƣͻʺͻ˥𣿡
˼·ӭϵĿһ仰ʱ˵˴סˡֻ⣬ȴѹûεĶ
˵ģͻʺʢǼȳɵʵǼܸıġ
㵽˵ʲô
Ĵ󲮸Ҳ¶صɫǳ͢ϵسв¡ȨֶΪС
ԭϵ壬ÿ꣬һδʢǴ˭Ҳı䲻ˡǰˣҲˣǰˡ񣬴ҲˡڣѾǱ߶ͻʺ⣬ߵ˹ظԭĸ߾ϱߵĶˡ
Ǹı䲻Щ壬Ĳ䣡ΨһܸıģΨԼ˵鲻ڱУڶͻʺڴԼ
ɫȻûȻٵϾܱƣ̲ס硣
ֻ֮Լ֪жٸҹҹҹ¡
ģһسȻܶ˶ѾˣһӰڣǵļ廹ڳҰ֮ӵо޴Ӱ졣
ǧ̣֮ѨĴΣأֻһ򣬱һ𱬷ڵˣֱܹĶͻʺѾ֪Ⱦˡ
֪⻹⻹Ǹ⡣
취ǣͨǣͨӰ쵽ˣ
Ȼ̫ƽ̫꣬ڻʵ۵ʱ򣬽ͻʱƵɽԱʹڸ˰ϣȻʵʱڶ϶һ󡣵˱ڵʱֽһչ򣬽˰
ôʤ̣ʹΧԸӣֹԽ壬ԶԶԽ˺أﵽǰδеǿʢزȻүүλǰûзΪˣԳҰѾˡ
ľƣءǿ󲢲£ǿūǿʢͻʺһһԭ£ɢˣ⡣
ǰһʫӪԭҰԳ¡²ǧˣʮ
׷ý£ݻ֣ǧΪٵʱЩͻʺѾѵǵĺӣսɱΪˡ
ͻ׿ˣѷΪⰡ
˵гޱȡⲢΪ˵ϣΪǰ֣źôһλϱӵ
ױʫĥѣ㶡Ʈʱġܶ飬ľѳۣصʱ򣬲ſ
ǵǸʱһжѾϡ
ڵĴƣֽԣı仯ѲԭǸˡϧܶھУûз㡣
ĵģճءڳϱֻʲô߼ŹλӵôһˣԽ棬ԽأױʫһȻݣһע⵽Źһ
ϵүӣ¶𾪵ɫ
ͻȻʡҪͨⳡʽӣмֳɫмֲҲнһʲôλá
ڣ̳˵顭
Ĵ󲮸بĸϣٵĴ룬Ѿʧ̫ˡ
ҪһȺֵܣϲ£ǵĳϣһɵ顣
ôѷϣˡ
Ȼүû뵽ǣıȴԶԶԤڡѾǿ飬⡣
ӣչֳĶѾԶԶݡ
һΣͻȻһЩϣ
˵ķӦУɫʱѿˡ
幫ӣһ䣬ոʫԼġȷ£
УҶͻȻʵ࣬ƺЩر⡣
ʫԼġôֻ˵Źвţܹ뵽ͨƽʢͻԣдʫֲӹɵġ
ʮͣȷʵǺܾˡоŹʱķˡ
ǣڱдʫһʽȻͬˡҪصĶࡣ
ѾǾŹƲƼһ⣬漰˹Ҵ¡
ȷ£
֣صʫϱģǣȴʱСѾˡ
ڳȥ飬ҲȻܹ鵽
Ļһ䣬նʱ˼֡үӵļ»࿴һۣһɫࡣ
ǵ˵ѣһ֪Ͽǵ顣
Źڶͻʺ飬Ȼճʮꡣ۹⡢ʶĲүˡү˵ģͻʺ飬ڶͻʺڳãģڱڡδٱ٣ǾŹӦø߱µİ
Ҷ붶ص
ֻʮСһٵˣһḻʶ㲩ҲΪˣϲŸ֪˵һ㶼١
ͻʱ߻׿ˣĲ졣⡣
һ㣬ЩϳҲһ취ûС
Ҷ磬صԭ
جج꣬˭Ҳû뵽ȻھŹһʮϣһѪֱָĵ֪Ƽ
飬ȱˡһ۵ġ
ףүӵ˵ͷҲءһֵܵľɣԼĿ飬֮ǰϲġ
۹ٵϾƣǵġ
ϲŹҳ˸Ӱ
ССͣھϾ֪ƼδȻɹ֮ǰ;
үоŹ緶
ʱգδҴƱȻֳһ֮س
ϲŹ
ϲү

Ϸ׷׵֮ǰҳ벻ͬһΣ϶ʵ⣬һڽ壬Ͳѡ
ү
һɱϢս۹ġҶͻȻֵԽԽϲ
Źĵϵ˺üֻСĿ࿴ϧ֮ġ
ܹúõӽǰ;
ɲһջֱҶ۹׼еĴûвλҲԲ
ˣʶĿ׵үү
ǺǣȥɣȥɣȻҶϲ㣬߰ɡ
үӶϷ˻Ц
һЦǽķǳġ
ǣүү
õүү׿ϣ˵ͷλᵽˡҶߡ
үӵ»֪ǺʣԼոյı֣ѾӮүүλҶϡϿɣ


97 ˰
үүλʵһ顣
Ҷϵߣ岢û¡
Ŷ
ϲĿš
ү˵ʲôֱ˵ɡ
һԵġھŹСӣںкøС
飬Ȼ͢вҪԸͻʺǻõҲǻ취ģַ͢һѸͨ
嶨˶񣬿ڵ
뱾ɫͺѿˣеķͷȥˡոԼ̸һڵĶҪˮˡ
ⲻǵѿ
ү˵ʲô
һȺ˶ʱʥʵ˼Ѿףó֮ǾԲֹܽġΪ˽ֹͱƺ֮óϵ
вԭ
Ȼ˵зӳͨ͢ľ飬ɲϲˡ
Ҫ˵ڳĶϣϵ㲻Ҫ˵
Ĵ󲮴ʱһ԰ѵ
壬بǺܸӵġһ棬ֵԽɫΪ̳ˣ̳и׵λӰϣԽС
һ棬ôϲڣľͲֹԼһ塣ѾûϣˣҲ㣬ǻˣҲʧܣǻø׵Щϲ£Щʾɿڵҡ
˵Ȯӡ˼
޻᳼ͻ᳼Ȯӣ
֮ǰıѾˣ󲮸Ҳ޷˵بھԶʧԳ͢ϵ鲻˽⣬ȴ﷢߼ʱǰ֮ǰŬͰ׷ˡ
ӣү뷨Ǻ¡˵
һԵġϡҲڵ
ڳĶ˾بǵ˼ùǡֻʮ꣬͢ϵӴǸ߽Ӳܽ
Ϊˣϸ֪ʮĺӵжٽ
ûϵ˵ɣ˵ˣҲû˻㣡
ϣүҲֵ
еĶŮһͬʡжı£λáѵһϲ£ֵܶڣ弴Ȼ˸ͷɲˡ
ⳡ飬ϵδĳɾͣѾԴԼϲõİ
жеĹؼ
ǣүү
幪һȻŵ
ʵҪܼ򵥡ֻҪļ۸Ϳˡ
ûõġ漰ķ棬Сķͷķ棬סļ۸񣬾ͻӰյҲس͢ھϵĲ֧ңЩҴ壬طţСɽ࡭ȵȣ棬ܴķ죬ºܴķԡ
飬ǾԲеģ
ĩβһݰСߴİ׷˵ϵãǡϡүүһȺϲ£书ġ
ԭܼ򵥣Ǿ١
үүʱ⣬һҪ٣ڣŷ棬ͳ͢͵ط򽻵
˶֪ڹٵӵġֻҪСϡڣ飬飬Ӱˣȫܴľ
˵ķֻһ֪ǻеġΪ˶ƶͻʣСʧ᱾ĩԼŴңǾԲеġ
˱Ϊʲô߼һҲʧѡϾᰡʮ꣬ڳϵôж˽أ
߼۸Ҫô򵥣ͽˣﻹõۡ
Ǻǣ߼۸ȻС
һЦĿɨȫһ㶼ûٵ˼
ù˰أ
˰
ȻһüͷҲһ棬࿴˿ҲǷ׷״Ȥ塣
ǿǴû
ʳүʲôǹ˰Ϸ뱲ӽӴ˰աڡƵ˰Ϸûв֪ģˡϷ޶ۣ˰ʲô
ɫڳ̵ļơҲһĶһ᲻ʣҲˡ
ҲүӶ뱲Σ͵ԭ
Ϸ׷׿Լ岻Цͻʺ飬ϱ˼ܾãʵһ˰ͿԽˣ
Ȼһط˰˾֪Ķ磬˻֪˰Ϊ
Ƶ۹л˰˰ͷ˰˰˰ΨûС˰
Ĵʳˡ֧ˡͻˡ߾˵½ܵʵǺһļ۸
ԣǳ͢ϾͶͻʺóףЩĺȻͨشʳ֧˴ӴƵ۹ԴԴϵĻ롣
һĴ˵ʵǺܲġڲˣܶ˻ûʶС˰ֶ
ȻûʶôãԼбҪȥǣʶֶĴڣ
үүλǰҵر½ʱ轻˰˶ܵŻݵļ۸Ҳҡ
ҪЩ뿪ƣ뿪ޣ֧ʳǱĶͻʺôͿڱ߾ùؿԴ˰ͽ˰
ΪЩѾڴڲͨˣԼ۸Ȼܺڲһ˰ϣһ屶ļ۸񣡡
һӰ쵽ڲ۸񡣶ΪƴһʶģӴĲ롣
ΪںܴĹҺ棬ܴ˰ֻһ֣ǶͻʺʵҪܼ۸ȻĹȻ޷ֹǣٿԴлһǮ۹
ڶǼ۸̫ߡͻʺǾ͸ˣȻʧһǮȴ׵˶Զͻʺ룬ǵսⲻǵĿ𣿡
ң˰ֹҵҵܵӰ졣ʥҲõĻ˷óס
Ȼ˰ֹĶһ˰ֻҪ˰ʵһСȻЩҪ͢ȥġһ˵˵ܽġ
˵һԼĴ󲮸һۡ
һֱšʼʱ˻˵ĲΪȻԽ棬۾Խԭġϡ壬۾һƬ졣
׶ֱȻǴһʮС³ġ
˰˰һȺϼһֻűĶͻʺвԽԽԽԽ࣬ԽԽǿֱӵİ취ŽرպͶͻ֮óס
߾ŹĳүͶͻʴһ̣ݺݵǡǴû뵽Ȼá˰ֶɫѪеľ˶ͻʺǵ롣
ңΪƵ۹ڷϣԿ϶ԻӦ
̫Ŀǣ͢ǰ˾ͻѸٵͨݾ顣رЩ󳼣Իȫƶ¡
Ѧǰ󳼿ҼӣɱŸͷôӰ˰ѪǮ˰ôõĶǾȻû뵽֧ʳǰ˲һֱ˵Ǯô˰ô꣬ǾȻû뵽
ŴȣЦ


98 ǫã
ɲصʧְ飬ϼһ˵ֻҪϢǣԼͻѣò˵
ҲԱЦŸ͵
Ѧڣ֪ǳ͢Ĳ󳼡Ȼ˳ΪѪѳζǣôӰ˰ʵ⣬֪˲Ҳûʲô˽ġ
սɵЩ˰϶ʵȥˡԼȴûʲô̰о
ŹүҪʢֻ˷һ츳ҪȻһ߰
Ŷ壬ɫŹС˲Ŀѣھս۹ѾܿɹˣȻڲ˰Ҳֱ֣ʵ˲˼顣
ԣͲˡŹѾ׿ϣóүˡͲôעˣ
ҶһЦţϽע⡣
ŹһŮĸӣŮһ棬ֻǰСġүǰһ
ǲˡ⺢ӻСԺҪǰæʱ˭Ҳƴǣ
ϣүãһֵܣϲ£뿪Ц
ǣ
Ӧţȴ֪ŹȻһȷλүΪ̳ˣѾ֮⡣
بոյĻ˰ɣǳ͢سҪġ
үŤͷһԵĴب
ǣסһᴦ׵ģ
بӦŵ
˰飬ͬСɣС˵漰۹ƣһʺܴ˰ա˵漰£ϵ۹İԼʮ۹սϵİΣ
үӴ٣ھҪس͢ټǰͬ顣ɲǶУبĸо̺һĹͣ
˭ǩ֣˭һݹ͡بľ飬飬Իٶͨ
Ҫǣֻʮ꣬޷쵽ʹ͵ġΪߣԿ쵽һʺô
ŨīزʵһʣպǨˡ˵͸һʴ͡
ˣүô뵽˰ֶ
ҶͻȻһ
ͣڱͻʺּأ˵ҽŵڣѬĿȾСֻ³ⷽ츳֡
ǡ˰ɾͲһɲ츳־ܽ͵˵ģ
Ǻǣ
仰Ц˵ô࣬ڵ仰λǰ߿ˡı£ʵһҴģ
ʲô
һȺ˴ΪԾ׷Ťͷ롣
뱾ͷɫѿǳѹ֡Ȼ仰͵̧ͷŵĿ塣
ǺǺǣ֣ԼˡҼǹʱ˵֮󣬾˵ʲôôܣ͢ǰôܻģ㵱ʱһھϣԼˡȴҼٺ٣֣û뵽ɣ
˵ŻƤգգ۾
֮˵ô࣬岢ҪΪǰҫͷΪ˰Լ롣
һˣֵܣʼȻϱҳߣ֪٣ѵʱȴҲȻȻĸ˻
嵽ڶǵã˥䣬ԼͷҰһ۸ʱ뼰ʱ֣Щ˴֣Լ˵ʱüԼȻ˵ʲôҲΪ㡱ֻǿЩ˲˳ۡʲôʲô֮ġ
֪Լġ
Ǹʱ֪ȵˡôദҲƢжı䲻˶ʵ
˰Լûʲô̫ĺôȴ֪־кô
ب£
һڵĲǱˣĴب
ڣϷ׷׿롣
⡭
Ҳˡ
֣㶼ˡǰһȥý㣬㡣㵱ʱһڼɽϢһ㷢Ա͵˵ҪֹԺҵǼˣ
˵ıۣ붼Ϳˡ
үô𣿡
үӵĲʵ
⡭аɣ
ŵǰǵã˵ô໰ôǵã
ǺǣϲŹүڳϣȾϸ츳һЩ
ͻȻϵүҾֵ
ŹĳӣبǳϵسϺ츳үСֻ³󣬶ĿȾܵӵѬգԴ̣߱ⷽ츳֡
˵˰үģǵ˵ͨˡ
빫ⷽȷʵ츳չ˵δϴӵĵλͬãҲǲܵġ
Ҳ׷׸͵
ϣүüͷĬɫƺҲ⶯ʵСʱҲչֹⷽ
Щӡġ
ֻبְ͵飬ⷽ飬үǺٸġ˾汸ܴĴ䣬˵һ
ģ˵Ŀӳиף볯֮ˡ
Ժ˵Ҫллõ壬Ķ¾û֪ˡ
үһ仰ְ˵עתƵϡ
ѵүСС;Ȼ̰
֮ͬ䣬ܻǫãǺ£
үССƷʣʲôɹˣ

ڣϿ壬׷׿ӡ֮ǰˡ֮ţ鵭رֽŵڣܹǫãǷǳѵõġ
ǫã̹УûнжĿ˶Ӹ߿һۡ
үԺ׽׽ԼھҲмڣүԺ󲻷һ
ϣԼλ˶巢롣
屾лᡰ̰˵˭Ҳ֪ڳ͢ھ飬̰鶼Ǻܳģһ͢سλãҲⲻס
һܹ̰ĶԴѾ߱һͳ˧׷桢ŷ
ô˸žŹ̤أǵɽҲһüͷеһҪԭ
֪ôһС¡ѾϿʼδүӺӰĿˡ
ȻһܹΣУŹСӣѾ߱ģͳŹʾɵǱˡ
Ĭ˵ٵЩ׷ԲԵϲҲʼˡ
ЦЦֻǸо϶Լ̬ȺеֵֹģĲûôࡣڳ͢ϵ츳ȷʵھսϵ츳Ҫǿöࡣ
һŲѡ
츳ӦûĻֵʧҲҵʧţͬԼˣδضлԼҳԼ۹ġ
尲ҶԱߣûж˵ıѾ㹻ˣ̲
岢׼ڽһˡ˵ףүүȺϲ֮以ֵĻᣡ


99 ڶʹ¼
ʲôҪҪʿɶֹģҿ϶ƾԼոյı֣ԼʲôүүҲһӡԼģ硢
鷢չȴԤڡ
بڳ͢涼Щʲô飿
үӺһϲţͻȻ˴ب֮񣬴֮ԶһϲȻѾжȨ͢ҲһֱǹĵĶ
ب촽˶ƺ˵ʲôԥһ£ָıע⡣
Ҳûʲô飬ֻǳ͢飬ҪĶΪڶȣʮڶʹ飡
ˣ
ڶʹ֣һ͵̧ͷз·쫷һ㣬һκˡ
ڶʹ
û뵽Ȼ֡ǵ۹ġ֮Դһֱ֪飬֪ʲôʱԴġ
Ϊȵʶʱľѳۣѳˡһֻ֪ȴ֪ȥ
Ȼû뵽Ȼֶ֮Уڶʹ֣ҴӴب˵Ѿʼȷˡ
ڶʹڶʹȻǽڶʹ
һƬ籩ꡣ̫ע⣬ҿ϶󲮸ոֹģض̫¼
ȻڸΣע̫ϵʱûע⵽۹ĻѾȷ
壬ǴҲûע⵽һδٵ۹Ĵ¡
֪̫´Ȼ͡ڶʹȫС׼ףܵ
̫¼ӰĻֻҵˣǡڶʹ¼Ӱȴ޵Ĺˣ
ȻĿɨһȦ󲮸үүҶϣϡһȺȻûϵԡ
ԼĴبǳ͢ϵس˽Ҳ͸ˡȻ˵ʱҲֻûʶԺΣգ
ӣڶʹô£
Ҷʵ΢΢һüͷ
ǳ͢ϵ¶飬ɡ߾Ķͻʺ˹أϲĶگҶǡճĴʳ֧⼸ѸһԽԽǿʢԽԽݣҲԽԽй
ҶϣبҲأѽڶʹһһ˵˳
۹ٵУٵѹԽԽ˿ǳ󶼻ڶʹ˼ԭĶְ⻹ͳޣһб£ԵΪ
ڣڼٳɴ¡⣬飬ΨǾ٣úˣԵ߿ܣ
䣡
һ䣬зʮһƬκˡΣԶǱƽı֮¡
󲮸ϼеģ¾Ҳûвλ˱Ŀġ
ΨǾ٣úˣԵ߹ڡʮֱʷϻһ˵ž߽֮ߡ
˫Уڶʹߡúˣž߽֮ߡΪͱ۹⵶
ҲΪʹ۹Ѹٱ
Ʋ߿Щװɣ۹ûú˱߽ң߽ͳǰҲû
һԵϵǰͳڡģܵľе⡣ҲǾúӵеطȨе㲻̫׵Ҳû롣
Ҳʥʵ˼
بЩε
˽˵½˵ĳΪ˧̫ųûս͡Щĺˣͣϰƴɱ࣬ͲᵳֻҪ¼Զ䣬Щ˱ضЧ֮˵󣬾úеѾ濼ˡ
漰£Ͳ˵ˡΪԵˣ͵ڷʥʱ¡
ңԾͲþʹˡ
ĶΪڶʹģ鵹Ҳǲԡңͺöô꣬Щڸĺǰ̫ڻʵʱڵغʷǡбִʧ˼죬Щǳ͢ҳõĺã˵ģЩ˽ضЧ֮
ͷ
ΪϳһЩǺҪϣҪѧ᲻ҪִӣΪ֮Ҳٳ֮
úȻЩ⣬ҲΪǼ̫⡣
ţƲֻҪִеˣʵҲԡ
ţ󶼻ʵҲнˡҲǸøĸһˣ
ڶʹ£еΪȡҲȥ˹أʱϵĵҲȫûŵ㡣

Ҳ׷׵ͷ
ô꣬ڸĺԽԽࡣ̫ʱڵغսɱĺ˿±˻ࡣ
ңĻѬգܶԽԽܺ˵Ӱ죬ֶȡ˺˵֣Т£˵˭֪ǹȵ̫ӣܱټڰݼ
ԭȺȣЩڸĺѾкܴĸıˡ
ľ֮УвٲξĺˣǺͶͻʺһ㶼
һ㣬Ͼ̫ĳɼ
ңǴɣǰܳ£Ϊᵳж£ܾƤ֮ࡣ
ЩҶ֪ġ
ҪžᵳӪ˽úˣҲǲԽܡ
ԽɫԽѿɫˡ
ЩҲͰˣˣһǳ͢ϳھϼȼ
ܹ߶ͻʺвȴûʶڶʹߺ͡úˡߵΣ
үүЩϲ¶Σ˵ǳϵˡ
֪곯ϵγ̨ˡ
ԣԲܣ
Ҳ̲סˡﶼûܹʶΣ͢¾Ҳûܹʶˡ
ȵľѳۣѶǸʱ˵ʲôˣ
Զʧ屾Ѿ⣬ٶ˵ˡ鶼˵ôԺ޷ԭԼ
ˣ
һ죬ȻһеĿⶼҶ߾塣
ү
һ졣
ⷭͻѷ˶һߵġҶϡҲŤͷȵĿ塣
֮ǰӡǳòҲмأҲǳءʱıȫԤϡ
죬ûѯڽڶʹѾһµ£ͻȻ˳˵ǼΪðʧҼΪòġ
壬ʲôǰ˵ķ𣿻£
بҲͻȻɫˡ
ò׸ºӡⲻԻǰ
Ϸүû˵һ˫ŨܵİüҲϵӸӡǳ
ǾٲֳϳײҲиܺõɣ
ôʲôүʲô˵ľ˵ɣ
󣬻һɱϢҶϿڵЦţա壬Ǻкøеġ
ȻͻҶţ⺢ӱȻʲôԭôġ
ŹҵĺӲðʧûòˣ


100 ݣ
˵ԶƺĺԶ˼ƮԶԶ
Ƶ۹Ϊ˱ڹڳڵʱ򣬹󶼻ǰϡڶͱͥ󶼻
󶼻ӵСο֡𹦡ĴְܣڱϣڵľȨȨ
ͨ͢󶼻ѹΧĶͻʺ˹ء߾е
ǵ˱ʱ򣬲ó󶼻ʮڶʹġΪڶʹͳԭĶְ𣬼ܱ߶ޣȨһбȫͬˣ
û˱ףδʲôӡ
ޣʮڶʹУǿڶʹȫУڶʹ֥¤ҽڶʹ溲˷ڶʹ˼ʹƽ¬¬ڶʹȫ˺С
ЩڶʹλʼǺˣǻٻ磬ȫʮڶʹҪں
ʮɴƵķأǳ͢Ļ֮ԴҲǴƵĻ֮Դ
ʱ򣬾Ȼûκ˲ҶϡǶûвΣգʹġ
ǰȻкΪ̫ڻʵʱڵغǱڵִʧ˼ֻǵĽ죬ϵȨʱջȥ
ǡڶʹĲԣϡúˡľʹһȫı䡣˽ѡ족ķ룬ΪʹñϵġС͢
ΪӵС¡Ȩ͢Ҳǰ⽫ǵؾʦǵľȨˣ
һͷͷޣ͢ԼȥΪ
үүҶϡϡϡд󲮣Σ򲻿ɡڶʹ򿪣úˣζ취ֹ

ڣ˶üͷ˭Ҳû˵ֻǾ˵
ɫأһǰʹ󲮵棬֪Լ΢ᣬĳûһǱϵġ
ǽڶʹϵشһŪãδͻᵼգͿ̿ûԼҲҪһ
үүλڸĺˣ͢Ѿ御ˡغһˣȴܴƵõ̫ڻʵ۱µΣٷ󽫾λã׷󽫾޴󶼶ֺ꣬ң
ʷǡͬǺˣͬٷ󽫾׷󽫾޴󶼶ֺ꣬Ԫ
˶ǺˣǰҫĹٱ຺˽춼ˡԺ˵ݣ̫ꡣٳ裬˴ƣ˭õ
бִʧ˼Ȼʴͻ飬ȡΪޡҫмܹõ
ڴƱڶڸĺ˺ͺ˻ˣγެڸĺˡˣ͢һͬʡѾˣ
λûУڵĻϣһúˣʲôĺ
ӭ˵ĿȻֻʮ꣬ɢȴԶġ
һˣȻûٸҰ嵱һСӡԾ˳˼·ȥ
£Ƕӵ滷ɡǾʫᵽģǺʮĺӻ׷ݻֵʱ򣬺ʮ˺ӾѾˡެʿһ˭׳ͷѾʶ֪
˵ͣϰƴɱ࣬׽ᵳӪ˽仰ûǲ֪ûУ˲һᵳӪ˽٣Ǻ˱һ޴ĵɣĸڸĺˣǺͺ˻һʱǱһ
Ŀǰެϣֹڱͥڶ֪ȵڶʹƶȷެϾͻӱȾĸ֡
ټҪެ˵ߣδĺ˽콫ڴƵĸ
עެǺ
ܶ˻̫çײðʧһЩ˶ʱɫҲ΢ı仯
˼άȫһġᵳӪ˽е֮Ǵɡ
˶ֻעһ㣬ڸĺˣױţȻһ޴ĵɡ
һ㣬ȫû˵ġ
ˣ˵Ĳûе
ԭڡڶʹƶȺҪ˵ĲԻǺӵϡҲת̬ȡ
˺ͺͬòϵĲעһţγһܵȺ塣ǲ׽ᵳӪ˽٣γɵȺ壬ֻ±ȳ͢ĵĵ֮ΣӾҡ
ڳ͢ıߣ˻ѹסˡڵĻϣһúˣôһнȫͬˡ
˶٣ϱӵľһƬ˸СڵʵʲôҲˡ
ʮͣҲֻһӡû˻ᵱ¡ֳֻܽϣǰϣΣ;洫ȥ
λǺǽ̻ΪΪʾʣضͷĵκˡһ䣬ΪҲĵκ𣿡
ʵ
һӴסˡĴ󲮸بҲüͷȻãھеĺΨǾ٣ͷ
ֻҪһ᲻Ρ֮У֮ԳôССĺ˽죬˽ͷԭ
Ǻ˽Σǲô˽ġ
Ƿ˽죬᲻κˣǾ˵ˡһ㣬ڵ϶ұ֤
Ŀɨҡҡͷδôû˱ˡ
˱󽫸溲ô溲˭ιʣԽߡ
󶼻ǵʥʱεģǷ˭˸֥
֥˷죬˭ⳣ壡ϧλǺڵĹ١
λǳĵˡ
δ޽ڶʹڵĴʷثһӾ춯صĴ¡
εĺ˽˶۹Ļʯǿʢĵ۹һҵԨ޴أգͿ̿
һУڡúͽڶʹƶȵı·ġ
úʹþ֮кκˣӶִڶʹƶȡ߷壬ӵ˻ԭ
үүλд󲮣ĲܲӦýͣű󣬺ڣͣһζκˣеĺԽԽ࣬ԽԽ١
νһǿݣǺͺֻͬڲϵսĥ֮УŻ᲻ϵĳɳʾ֮硣Ĵ󽫣ԶȺĶࡣ
һζͣΨǾ٣úˡôκˣ˵òֵĺ˽콫ԽԽ١еĺԽԽ࣬Գһ塣һռ˧λҵĺĽ֮·ͻ᳹׶֣һ֧ĺ˾ͷȴȫǺˣΨհ
ֹˣڶʹƶһһڶʹλãгִĺһӵأ󷴹ҪЮ룬ҪЮ͢ʱ򣬴½飬ҵĻֵ̫
Ǻ˾ۼңʱ˭˿ƣ˭ܵУչȥ͢ʧȥҿδݡ
ʹ
ʲô
¡һڴ֮Уݡĸ֣˶Ȼһʮ쫷һ
һֱµҲǻ͵ŵĿԼõܣ¶㤵ɫ
ݡɲС£˵ûҪ׶ƵĳҰˣ
飡
ϷүүϷһ̣˫ַλ͵վ
ĺ붶ԣȻǳ


101 Ͽɣ
ڶʹ¼͡ú¼ֻһС£ĳ飬ÿڳϻкܶࡣ
οúˡĲ࣬ʥͬģ͸Ӳôȥˡ
Ϊ֡С¡ֵá
Ǵʱ˿̣Ļû˻ΪһصС£
ӿһ˿
ɲС£ϣȺʸϳʧˡôһɲǣȻƬ̵İ
˶ĸֵ֮С
ݡԲС£Ժ۹õľˡ֮ǰ˻Ϊ̬Ͼк²ѡ
úˣκˡⲻǿܣʵּǵѾ¶ˣֻʽѡ
ʮѧ䣬ʮ껹飬ʫ񣬻ũ֡ⷽ棬ӵơ
˵еľٴӵײ㵽߲㣬¢ϡʧȥ˽ͨôͽΣĴ¡
û˵еļ¶һ㶼١
һ˰㲨Ϯмϱӵͳޱȡ
һڶʹƶȡһҪ˵ĲԣʹôƳ׵˷ݵĻ֮С
һƵʷ貵ĵطȴǺ˺дµƪ¡
溲֥˼˳ɽ졭棬һǺˣ
ѵƾû
ĳūǿʢʱ򣬴ξū⣻ĳūɽĳθ溲ʲô
⣬Ͷͻʺŵүүõϲʲô
һڶʹƶȡ͡úˡĲԣʹ̫֣׵Ķ˺Ľ֮·
һ٣貵ЩЩˣĽʧ֮һƬڰǿա
Ƶգһǰ֮⣬վ価ʱЩǰҲ뿪֮ܵıǰδеĹ¼šʹ
һվںߣʲôо
һվڷУ籩ʲôо
һվɽ޾ĺڰʲôо

¶޾Ĺ¶
嵱ʱĸܡȻƴȫҲ޷ıƺ޻ˡ
ʹ裬Ѫ졭
еĶ׷Ϊǰⳡ粨
һ¾ҪҪú룬¡ȥɡλֵܣҲȥϢһɣ
ϣүͻȻڵ
Ϊݵ࣬үǾ˵ġʲôܹ鼱粨ġ
һ̣˶үӵһ˿ȻүѾ˼㡣
ÿ˶ŵһɱζ
үӽʱյĵλκһ仰κһ͸¶͢ϣ޴𶯡
үӺٻ泯͢ϵ¡ˣһ޴ķ졣
үүҾȸˣ
վֱӣһ񡣽飬ѾˡĽΣܿƵˡ
٣Ѿȫ
һȣү
׼뿪ʱ򣬴һүһֱû˵ϲ¿ˣλվ
ǰôˣ
Ťͷһ졣
ʥܣү
뷢԰׵΢Цţֵ
ϣ
ӦдϲүүЩϲ¾ﱲķүүһأͬʱҲһֹϵ
ЩﱲʶʶŹҲ
ˣүүЩϲ»ϲǽӴү֮ˡҲҴңȥҲҴҡ
үӺЩɵʱǾԱؾأһԲԼĴ磬磬֡ͳͳûкǷ
ڣүүϲ¡ϡȻӱԼүǰûз顣
ף򵥵ľٶζʲôһֳЧҵľٶ
ϣЧԼպ˳ˣүӹҲһ֧ңЧҡ
һȨḶ́
ʣѾֱӵķʽ˶Լġ߶Ͽɡǰδйġ
һɲǣ岻ʶԼүү
Ǻǣȥɣ
үվϷЦһĻҲûϵﲻʡʯͷһƢλǸϲ
Сǻʲôү
ͬһʱ䣬ҲվЦкһȺС
ͷͷɲרүҿԽԽϲɲͷȥǼСһﻹһǳүͱϼһˣ
еҲߴ٣ֻһһһţ˦˳ȥҲ飬䵽һ˶ûУϽ˹ȥ˼һΧΧүүĽиͣ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲԼ˳ȥ
һʱ䣬һƬ֡ϿһĻҲЦǺǵġ
ڳɹˣ
忴ΧһźԼͬ䣬߸һЩףܲѡүȺɲǳѲҪõǵĳϣֱȵ컹ѡ
硢硢֣С塢øסǣһȫꪳɳû뵽үүٳۻᣬԼȻһٻǵϿɡ
ҶϡϿԼϡҲһǼүӵļҪĲѾȫϿԼ
һɲǣеϲ޷ݡֻҪЩ˰պԼõİ޿
ү
˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬һ񡢼ᶨȴһ˿С
عһ۾Ϳɵһʮ꣬񣬸ͷԼ߳һͷͷؾصվԼϣ̬ǳ𾴡
꣬͵Ĳһ¡
Ծ䣡
ǰЩľګʵ꣬Ժֻʣһͷ
ֵܣһּˣ
ʱһɲ·ŻϤЩİףһ죬ͻȻ˵ĸо
ټɣ
һɲǣ·ʲô˺ѣԽʱգ·𿴵һһӰսķ𣬺ս˻УȻȻľȥԼģֻһ޻ڵıӰ
ֵܣòһȻǺֵܣ
忴ǰӰǵȻӰǰľګӰغһ
ģȴһָοϲá
ϱӵֵܣⱲپˡ
壡
ֿһЦݣͻȻ֣סԾơһɲǣͷľګ̲ס̧ͷһ˿Ȼɫ


102 ֮ģ
һ̤ʵѾע⵽Ծ䡣ϧŵڵϣҲô³çȥóȻϡ
οԼȻǵԾ䣬ԾȴδؼǵԼˡ
ϱӣԼûܹ̤ʶԾ䡣ֱܶ󣬵֪˫үү͹ϵԺԾΪԼõֵܣһֱ󡭡һս
еźⱲӣԼֲź
ֵܣ
ȻԾ龪Ȳѣȴǳˣһĵʱˡ
ߣҪҲŲҪʲôү
ԾֵϵʱͻȻ֮䣬һݶŮһɲǼ䣬һƬţһ˫˫Ŀȫ˳˹ȥ
ֻԶһʮŮ¡β߰ǿŬĴԼүү
Ҫˣ
һ˶ţһֵܶԼҶɫڨڨɫͺ죬ˡ
˵˲ҪǲҪǿ
ǱŮͻȻһǵĴָָ壬һ˲˵Ŀ˳ŮתƵϡ
ôһΪԪ׻ףұȲԶˣҶôһߵү
Ҷָ壬һĲмƲ
ˣ
Ҳ˵۽𾦣ȻһۿľΪոͻƵԪ׶۾
ƫƫ˼ҵôģ廹ûΪ֪˼ϱӾԼֻӵĴڡ
˼ȷʵô˵ʸ
ϱӣƾ֮ŮҶ֮һүүеϲ£ڣû˵츳ȵǰȸ㽾Ů
С΢΢С棬ɹƾ־ͷⱲǸϲˡ
ýյΪߣҲ󰡣
ҶϵŮţֹ츳ߣǳùֱƴκǹƴˣҶûñȡ
Ϊ˼һֻ˯ʱĸСʱҲȻᣬֻʮ꣬ѾͻƵ侳ˣҦ綼Ȳϡ
ҪǾʦűֻӣŮӣҶҲҪ洳һֺ
ô˵ģҶүǾŹӣǸϴ
ҶҲˣ
κ;Ź꣬⺢ӹҲҶһꡣң⺢ҲȷʵŹôֻԼһֵġ
Ժôû뵽Ÿտʼ͸үĨ˰ѺڣԺôࣿ
ôֵܣһ鰡
ߣ֪С˵ʲôǹϵġһҪүŶûС
ǿ߰Ůһβһ˦ûԼүүŲӣֱһˡ
ҶһǸΰһǵ÷ϣƼַ£᲻ô򰡣
ɷϣ⺢߰ǳ棬˵ȫ츳ҲǸ߰һŮӼңùôߣԼʳүүģҲë
ܶʱ򣬿ôùĥѪԶһﶼۡ
û취
ҶۣתһֵܣԶԡﾲ˾漴һЦ
ҶͷҲн졣ɱУʦ壬Ȼ㲻һʮСŮ
ϼһԸҲѹôԸŮ
ʶϼһôãǵһοôܣ
ϼһ᲻ôҶҵķŮԺҲ֪˭ܽ
СӵǺиԣ֪Ǽҳү䲻䣿

ڵϱȡЦҶǲ֪ôһתͻȻ͵ϡ
Ǹΰˣ
үʵǶԲСҽݹˣԽԽ޷ˣȥҺúýѵѵ
嶪ôҶϸϽǸ
ûʲôҶϲ⡣
˰֣ȻһЦû⡣Ҷϱ֪ʲôˡ
Ȼ츳ˣǺŮһڣȤԼ˵ʲôͻʺʲô˰ʳ֧ڶ߻ߣһãȻ
ԼոյıܻزŹ֡
ҶҪǿŮֻ᳼ڱԼǿǿߣ˵ģһԪ׵ߣƾʲôү
ȻǾʹһ죬ĸԸүġ
΢Ц
ϱӿûҶԿͷҶҵŮƺԼҵүүλûүӸߣҲԸҵˣ͵ͷ
ϱӣʹԼ鷳
ⱲӣҶϱһԼһشڸУ¾ûôˡ
ţתȥ
ʶϱӵֵԾ䣬Ҳһջˡ岢ûԵ̫飬̲ڵԾ䣬δ֪ԼΪʲôоôС
һȣ
֪⣬ոߵһɽλãڣһͻȻ
Ųһ٣Ȼͣ
ΪʲôҪң
һ
ʲô
תĿŲԶվɫ粻ĿԼ
ߣ㲻ΪôͿɣԼ˵ʲôǵãңҴȥɽϢƭ˱ˣƭҡ

ΪСʱӼɽˤ¹ӰȻ˲һɽǴǸʱͲϲɽϡ
飬˭Ҳûиߡ
ʼʱ˵ǴģŵġʲôɽϢ£֪һȫں
Ǻǣ˵ҼǴ˵ڱʲôط˵ġ
ЦȻ֣ûиĿڡ
ָʱ侲ĵġ
Ŀ壬б仯ͺǵһʶõһǺܿ죬ɫñָԭӡ
ߣΪңҾͻ顣
˵仰ϵȴ࣬ռʱô롣
˵գתܿʧֵһͷ
ȻôȰ
ЦЦȥıӰӹһ˿ůͼеȫһȻѾ˸ı˶ԼĿȴԶϵġ
ţܿתĸȥ

ͬʱ֪һ䣬һ뿪֮󣬼λүӵĲȴһ䷿û뿪
ǾãŹô
Ҷȿڵ
ʮֵܣֻҪ񣬾֪Էʲôʣ֮󣬴ҶҪһۣ֡
ʶеǣҪǣһȭȭİ֮ģ
һԵϵ
ڴ˵ӣ˵ʲôô˵ʵҪҪǣϸоһȭȭĳӰ֮ġ
˵𡰽ڶʹƶȡ͡úˡƶȣԼûио¶ǷϣǷݶյͬ飬Լ۹Σǡ
ǷӴŹӴ棬еʶеǣս۹⣬츳
Щ츳ںãҲڻһˣҲ˼
Щʶ츳Ż˸صʵӵӣ¶Ƿȭȭ֮ġ
Բ֪֮ͻȻȫϿΪʲôڶʹƶȡ͡úˡĲԣΪϵȭȭ֮ġ
ڱ˪˵һʲô
ĩۼܲ٣˵ۣ֮֮ܳ٣үһ츳ǲõΪۣ
ϵ棬ʾϿɵġ
ϻһ䣬϶׷׵ͷ
еʶеǣ۹⣬츳һһȭȭ֮ģΪ۹
Уܹ꣬ϿɵĶ󡣾ŹôʧʮҵԼ׷Ķ
Źţ
һأͨˡĿ飬ڲʼܻܲþŹЩʾɵĳϣͿԼպıˡĿ飬һ˭Ҳﲻ
ԣУô˵ҪôҪһοģȺšŹѸߣϣ⺢ܹɹͨ飬δҲٳһ֮ţƵĹҲӰ꣡
һ̾ϢȻ󷿼һļž


103 湬
ʨװ޵Ļֺ̻Իͣȴ麵̵ĳ麵̣ȾƵĺȾƣ˵価Ҳĺź޵ĴѴѡ
ÿ춼в価Ҳʹȥ˴̧ȻԴԴϵ˴
ʨſڵĵطһ꣬ģ˳壬ڵϡϵ·価ֻһڿ㴩ϣߡ
˿һļһǹүֱӾ޵һڡ
ǵлģȴǻȻȻ˯֮УȴȻһ˿ԸЦƺڳЦЩЦˡ
߽ǹүӾǹүʱҪǺÿ
졢ͽӡƷ򡭡ڽʨ˵һƺûʲôֱһӴ⴫
¡¡
û˿һɲǵ𶯣ʨ·һ˫סµ
ͻʨļӡŮļһǧĶͽҲŵתͷһĲ԰ס
ʨĴſڣ֪ʲôʱɽͰ޴Ӱ˲սⶼڵסˣʨû谵·ɰ˺ҹһ
һ˶仯ˣתͬʨӶŵһһɪɪľ̡
ǽ
ԣִᣡִᣡ

ͻȻ˳ſɽͰľ޴ӰȫУͬϽٵĽһ㡣ⲻͨĽǹеִᣬʵ۵ʵ޹ΣĻ
Ȼ֪˲ʲôħ֣Ǳ˫ͭ۾ţ˻̲סһз
ȣ˭ȣ
֮УһͻȻˡ޴·ʨӺһʨһЩСֱŵûӶʪˡ
ЩŮŵʧС
˭ȣ
ɽͰӰٴεһΣͭ˫۴һ˿ŭ
ǣǣ
һͽͻȻִָԱߣڴſڵϺ˯ӵָҲ
ɲǼ䣬˵Ŀ⼯еſڵϣ˯ϡɽͰִҲһ
ô˶ţϺ˯ڸоɵ۾
˭
ȿǰͻȻڵľ޴ףʶʵ
ȣ
࣬ɽͰ׳ִᣬӣ׿յȵˣһΣȴࡣ
ڵϣһ˿ɻɫ˫ľۼ䵽᲻ɴݵĿϡ
ִᣡִᣡ
ȴ˴ʯ֮·ʲôȻ飬һ͵Ĵӵվ
һɾ޴Ŀϲӿ˷ܲѡ֪Լȴʱˡ
ִᣡִᣡȺۿ˵͵Ļ쵰ûУǹүǹүȷˣ
͵Ĵӵ˷ܵ㵸ʨڣ˶סˣ
ȴںķйпϲ
ЩļһȻ˵˵ѣûУִᣡִᣡӵˣ
ǹүǹү
һ˫˫ηĿ⣬ֻһʹޱȣյĲ죬˼ӡЦȫһɨ⡭
ˣ
ûȳֵһ̣һֻ޴ͻȻ̽һѾסȣСһ˳ȥ
еĻȫȻֹ˻ȥִȻ¡¡ȥ
ʨڣ˴ľöû˵˺˿̵˽Ŷûо

ۣ
ˮĽһͰˮֱֺصĳ嵽ϡԤеٻ˳ûг֡
ȸһͳ
ȻͰװùģǱˮϣȴо񵶸һʹ䣬ֱһƤһ
Ҫ
ȸ뿪ڣһͰˮ˹õ졣棬ϋץͰӣĺԼһƤһ
ǧֳ֮ôȥԹվţҪҿԣ
Ȼһѣ·޾ȸоԼˣʮ߰˸ֶܹɵĴſ¡
в۹⣬ڹԹԵķ֣һˡ

һͰһͰľˮϴƤϴͨˣ񱻻һŰݡ
˼Ů굶ȶĺӣͷĽڣһذ׵Ŀ۽
һǰǰ˽ʱͣ
λˣѾˡڿԴȥˣ
ֿ׵ȣתޱĶʼչۿִ
ߴ󣬴׳ɽͰִȣûʲôҲ˵ͷ
ڵȣǽʨſǸѾȻͬռʱȺ꣬ͷңֱһͲĻһ
ڵѾȻͬ
ɫķڣذ׵Ŀۣ°͹࣬Ӹɾһ˫üޣĿ峺񡭡ھ˵ǳո³ʿسҲûʲô˻ɡ
ȻֳͬѪ֮Դ
ִ᲻ɰ˵ͷ
λܵùʥʵĳңλΪֳôܲȥأ
߰ɣ
ִתȴ󲿶ȥ
ڻʹĹۡңңһ湬һ½Ĺۡ
ۡ棬ڼԼá
һɫĹʮɷԲ湬Ľǣĸ׳˶ǿִִꪣվķ
ȫף׶ˡվһͬػһ㡣
棬Լ͸һϸʵӰôţҲ͸¶һ־ŵζ
һ۾˳Լá
վס
ȸոǰ˼ΧһƬוּĽ֮͸Ũҵĺִǰһ׵ķ϶͸¶˿˿ɱ
κ˲ÿ̫Υߣն
նǦ׹أ
֣Ҫ
ɫĹҲһ̼öȴᣬнס˿˿һ˿ĸ顣
æͷвҲκεԼλôʣɫ㣬Ųʱ򣬾Ѿʿţ˵С֮֮񡱡
Ⱦʲô˾ӣãȴûκηǷ֮롣ολڿʥʿеˡ
δҪɻڴλ˳ҪԼλã
ڣ˭ҪһаһӦĿ¾ˡ
ãΪʲô
Ⱦɻѡ̫֣ϲӦýֹ
Ǳµϸ£λʦҿ˵кɷ幬֮Ҫͱߵһ𣬱Ҫڹоʮ졣ʱ˭ҲܿΪѾʮŮˡ
ɫڣ̫˵
ᣬŵһ˿ѪζвȻæ˼ﻹ߽
ãҿʲôҿǵ˺þð
Ⱥ֮󣬶˶񣬰һ˿Թ
磬ȷʵ㡣ΣѣѾĹؼֻиܰˣ
̫ӹﴫһɻ̼ζ
һ䣬˲ɫ


104 ۣ
ã׳ʲô£
ȵ̫Ҫżǧӽϸϵ̾ڹе̫
߳⣬ٻȫһա
ҪΪȴ⵽ȺķӦΪµԭһȺڹڦҡ̿һϦ֮䡣ҲͰˣҺͱ³ϦԣҲԲҵԸʧˣԹˣûʲô³
̫Ȼ򶨣Ȼ͸¶һ˿ֺ̿Ͳ
ԹûһŮӱĳڦѹһ˿ԳеġֻҪѩƬеӣһδεĴجоѡ
ʲô
ȶʱɫ֪òף͢ϵ£Ҳٶһ㣬ȴû뵽Ȼ˵Σա
ô죿
еĳ棬ģһبĴ󳼡ĴҲͰˣǻҹУǴڳ͢ӵо޴Ӱ졣ǸبҵˡȻһ˻ȲȴǴƺպľŹ
̫
ب
üԳ͢ϵ˻ϤֻبЩϤƺΪǴƾŹԭ
ڻֻоŹûб̬ԳԱ¶о޴Ӱ졣꣬ǾŹʮٳضȥ١Ź̬֧Ǿˣ
̫ӺɫĹﴫȻǣҲԹߡߵһû뵽
ûʲô캦飬ûи泯ֻҪͰһΪʲôô˷ԣ
ãô
ȺԥôĵΨһƾǣֻܸҪõһ仰Բɡ
ɱˣҲԥȥ
¶˵Σ빬Уߡ͢Ҳв˴󳼱ֱ̬֧ºңоͰҦҡ⻹ԶԶŹλ⣬¶أûа취ȥֻ취ȥܵ£ˡ
̫ڹ֣湬м֣żĽҶӣӣӣƵǰ
ôĽӣ۾ˡ
ھʶ˲࣬Һͱµݶʺϳ棬ֻ뵽ˡҲֻܰҡ
ЩǱ¸ҵһЩʹͣ㶼ȥɣһҪ취ھ̵ܶʱڣ£Щ
̫һ˿˸е
ãİɣͽˡ
ظ˶٣Щԥ
ǣЩӿ²ҪƾЩ»ûЩ
ߣĺˡȥǣֻҪܹȻȹһءһ취ЯǣٻҺԹ޳ȴټȺɣҪءܹȻȹһأҾҪǸ֮أ
̫˵¶ŨŨĺ⡣
˵ǹڻҵ˵ȴǹغԼһ˱Ƶʱ򣬾ˣҲǿӲ
Ǻǣ÷İɣ仰ҾͰˣ
Ӧڶ˵
Ȼڶķ֮ľ⣬Ҳ̬̾ѧ˺ܶණ
ΪΪֻҪ㹻棬а˶κεˡ
ڵ֣ĲƱ뿪湬

뿪湬ʱһط
£Ѿ뿪ˣ
Уһ˶Ӱ븮УĹڵϣ档
ã
̴棬һϢ磬ɽʹ󺣵ӰɢһսϢ˭Ϊһβӣ
Ҧү˵ûĻˣ
۾һЦ飬Ҧ֤һʧȴҡ
֮ѹŭûзΪҦүԳ棬һλᡣ
λõĺãòżңǿԽһᵹһԶ֮ء
ΪҪᵹģԼǵʥӣ
ΪǾںͱԣ
ЦҦүָ㣬֪εġ̫¼Ѿ¶ģ۸ʲôĴۣ۳ӷԣһ̫빬
ڻʹ˽£Ѿ˳ƺ̫ΪˡûбʣǾԲôӵġ
λ̫֪ҰϣȻŰĳƿʮֲʵ̫λѾʮþȣ
ҦүĿ˾׼ޱȡʥӼʮ꣬һῴ
Ϊ˳ӣڳ϶ԾϾҲˣȻµļ¶Ҫܡأٺ٣Լ˭ҲסȥɣȥɣŹ٣Ǹϼһһ
Цֵ̫꣬Щ󳼶óٳȰɱ£ȴһ㲻ں
ͲЩһֵ֣ԽԽãǼһȺֵñ¶²̨ǲð

岢֪ĶҲ֪湬кУΧġ̫¼ж
ʱ˿̣ķſڵķһɧҴе
үӴ٣ƺѡ
ʲôϷŹף٣Ҳ𣿡
һЩϣǲķ
ϼһҪ̫ݡŹн𣿡
ķſڣϵƺֹԷ롣
٣ûн飬һŹû˵ҽϼ
źһķݶζһ£һɰ˷ƺϺ˽顣
ϹȥֻҴ˼Ϳһͦ·磬ƺɽײİ׷ˣһȺ˴Ӵſ˽
ϵĽһô
˵ڹ꣡
ߵɽתǵĵطˣаһ䡣үүķôģûС
ôģҲֻкүӵһЩϳϡǲͬǣǰˣүӵС
ۡүڳ͢ϵĶ֣ʱھϾүӶŸɡүʱҲѪգҲǿ˳ۣ˻ζԷӶ֪١
깬͢䣬۱ҪģǹʹʱȻһӱ
ʹӹǲϵĴ٣ҹʹºһķڴҡڡ
үʱʢѪգԣԽԽáۣһ㶼ûб䣬ԭӡ
ϼһѸߣүүСꡣѾӳˣһӺүүŸɵƢûġ
ÿүүٳһﶼҪ϶һ֡ϱӣ͵͵ڹꡱһαŶ侾һȦ
үүúֻҪڹ겻ݡ΢ЦţȥҲӲô⡣


105 ǵ
ǼСӣš棬㿴ҵҪķ˭˭ҪǲӣҾ͸ͱ
ͷһĽ᣺
ȥǸǸϲģٴһȥ
ǣүүǿˣȥ
һȺҵƤЦͷûûƤֺԼүү
쵰
Զ룬ýգӭȥҵһȺȺ٣ŭĿӡ
үүÿٳЩһǳˣź˵ףٵġʵҡ
ôҲףүүΪʲôÿζЩܻӭļһ
٣ô͵ġɱˣǿǿˡң㶼ûǵ𣿡
ͷӵļӱӰͷһֺ
ٺٺ٣Сޣ˵⻰үүһֱ档ǼСޣҹԹԹһȥ
ͷҲһ߰ǻϡ
ڹ꣬ҲϢճһ֪ͣ۸ЩС
̲סǻˡ
ৣ
һɲǣ˵Ŀⶼˡڹꡱ֣ͷϾһ㼦ѪһǺˡ
ԱߣӱҲɫݺݵĿ˹
ҲӼɽ߳ĳŶͷ˹ȥÿһҶôӭĿˡ
ͷ֮һ
ǿôᡣ
ٺ٣깬䣬ԼڹһԲӦ䡣ȵ೾䶨һӼұȥһͷϼһ˵㲻ڹ꣬˭ڹꣿ
߹ȥϱӣȡ֡ڹꡱɲȡģʲôԵɺϣ忴̸֮λþ̰ѶȻ
Сӣ
ͷŤͷΡĹ͢䣬٣һֱȺڸĵطҲʹš
û뵽챻巭˳
Ϸ֤ǽǱǽȥ
ûôɵӣͷ۾﷢죬æȥ
Ȼˣͽɣ
ڴʱһ߲ͣ˶
٣С˵үүķݣȲһƽϣ
ͷΪЦתΪϲһ˦ͷֺһҲСӼƽϡӣȥ
ͷһȺӱҲһֺ
ڹСڹ껹һ֮ѣ
һ䡣
ͷ̫ϣԼүͬһʱģҲû취ֻסʹţﲻˬһѡ
СӣȡĻͦõġϼһ￴ܼɵӣ켱ˡ
ýմԶ˹ȥЦӯӯ
ͷֵ͵Ĳ֮͡ÿҲǴӽ꿪ʼģСʱѾˡ
Ǽ۾죬һŵӣǵһο
´Ǿһڹ꣡
̿˵ԼЦ
Ҳ̲סЦ
̹˵ͷȻΪϲϡÿүүٳңǳһ㣬ҲûҲûʲô
ӡ󣬵Ҳ̫˵һ䡰ڹꡱץʹţˬһѣҲ͹ˡ
ߣ
ý˵ʱ˭Ҳûע⵽ԶҶҵĳŮҶһ֪뵽ʲôͻȻ۵һȺӱ˹ȥ
壡
ͻȻ֮䣬һȴ˲Ϣ֮˵ע⡣ŤͷֻһᡢӰͻȻȺӱ
ûеӣսһ
һָԶԶָ壬ָʹгһɲһζ
֪󸽽ôɲǣƬ̵ļžͻȻ˷˵ע˹
ķĽ롢áøкϡϡϵ˵һȺӱͳͳ˹ȥ
رȺոһȺүү£ϵүүɲĶﱲ׷׿˹Щڴ
ǻүүϿɵˣ˵ʵ屾ǻ̫˽⡣

۾һУ˲˳˲Ǳˣһ츳ߵӡ
ʶΪԭ򡣶ΪԼ࣬ھͷȴԼĶࡣ
šһȡ˼ǣ֮ͬУȺһȡ
֪Ȼֻʮ꣬ȴԪ߽׵Ϊκ𩡢߷֮Ϊ߶ˡ
ǱԼͽеհأҲûȡ
Ĵ磬֡Ҧһģû˴ù
ھ֮УȺףͬһ֦ζ
ɻһƵͬˣôͻȻܹҪսԼ
ߣ壬ò˰ɣ㻹ǲˣƾҲǰһͷһү
ͻȻһ䣬мŮɲǼ䣬˵ע⼯еϡ
һѭȥһ۾ͿƤѩףǣȴɫ߰ͬһֻȸġҶ
ԭ
ЦôͻȻעԼˣԭҶ֡ҵһֱ׷Ҷһֱľܾ
ڿҶΪԼ֪ʲôԼ
ġһСĺѿһ
תͷᣬֺٰãһ˵ţһʶȥץҶ衣

ҶһӶ񣬺ԥĿצӡ
ǸΰͣڰУһǻŭйϡ
壡㵽׸ҲҸҶһǽŵڣȻһ˶û
ãҸ㶷
Ļû˵꣬ʹĻشն
ʵǿḻ֮УͬȨӵлûһܴùȥ
̿һʱ䣬ҲҸһԼɹ
ȻʵԼһ㼶ҲȻ޾塣ο
ĿɨһȦϡϡϡЩүүɲӡŮȺһεĿԼ
ȻүүǱȣԼүԼǻ˽⡣ʱԼˣЩﻹ֪οԼү
ҶĶԸԼĿˡ
ڣݲ
ٺ٣ã
βŷӦĿģ
壬ҵġȭۣɱҳˣ
㲻ΪҶƾոүүڹꡱҲ㹻ȥѵһˡʲôȾŹʮٵʱķнӲڽ£Ϊүүģ
飡
һ̤һӴϢ漴ɢӣѹȵȥ
һȣ
ͻȻе
ôѵ뷴ڣ
ɫѿ
٣ҪҺսûвͷɲУ
ڸոǻᣬԴͻȻ˸ܺõע⡣Ҷ˵һæ
ʲôͷ
ͣ½Ųüͷ;ʦôд轻֣ûʲôͷ˵
ߣҲǵҪսңԣһǵҿɲⱾ
ҡһָ
ˣ
ǵ֣աҶҵЩﱲ룬Ǽͳͳɫ


106 һƵУ
иʱ˵ʿ֪˲࣬棬ȴʲôܡ
λ峤żĵҩҵӵҪӵռܶˡ
ֵҩͽǵλеĵҩǧۣڵҩĲ٣ҲӲˡ
ǣĴ˵ǡǡֻҪŵҩһıǣҪ
ǵǹϵļѣҵǵһ㱪ǡֵҩͿ֪
ȻֱҲǿ޹Ӧġ
ǵƼ䲻ףһλָҵҲѡһҪƽ̯Ůϡ
ҶǵҲĵĺܣ
֪һУҲֹһšҴһжܳĵӼصĴͳ
ңʵߵģ츳ȴߵġҺصš
Ͼвֹһǵ
ʲôЦǵֶôǣ
ûڣҵĳ̲סүǰүүУ˫ʱĺԷ֪ٴΡ
˴ɵֹڳϴѹһҵӵܣүүġһ֮𡱡
ǵһˣ
ֶԼãҵСƾʲôΪһóһҲδ̫쿪˰ɣ
ڻСܱǸҶǹģĿľΪҵǵ
ߣû־͹

ͬһң嵹ѵõһ£ֵܶûʲôøСүүҲʲô
ķݣʥʱ⿪ٸүүġ̫ˣ֪
Զ֮Լս벢ôġ
㣡
ŭǻûڣоһ
ߣһŴӦǵҴӦ㣡
ܣ
󾪡ǵóͷǾԽֹġһͷҪԺôóǵһô£
磬֪ộ
˵ɫ࣬ѿѡ쵰츳ߣõүүңԽԽˣȻԼ綼
ȴ˿˼ԼɫɲǱԼ֪ʲô
壬ǵҿó
̽뻳ӻȡһССģȴΪµɫСǵصĶﶼȫһǷϣԴš
أʲôͷҲòΪԼʲôҲøɣ
һֻ֣
ûôɵǵ⣬ԼͱóһԴĶ
ǺãһöǵҾһöȸֽ㿴ô
Ȼ
ȸֽ
һȺҵӷ׷׶ݡ£հصһ֣ѲܡΪһȸֽհڴԾ˿ͷڶû̳
龩ûв֪ġȸֽҲ֮Ծ˵ߣ
ȸֽųµһһƽ𣬶мСȸֽǵҲûˡ
һ̣Ҳôˡ
дΪ⶯ʵкַܶǵȻһ֣һƥı֮ͬһ
һöǵһ۸ƽȸֽԻ㡣
ã
һЦָһžһװǵĺӵ
磬ȰšˣøҵˣӮ˵Ļ壬ҲҲã
Ըóǵ˲ˡÿһֶҪŬ
ǵͿԸһ㡣δͨһЩֶΣ˵ܿٴﵽǡ
ɣ
óԸǰȥ
ܣа𣿡
սеЩġõһֺУȻתӣ书ȴ֪ô
İɡ
ЦЦݸýһġȻ֮Ĺ㳡ȥ
ģɵСֻҪ͹ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳݹȥһĵޱȡ

ҶüЩ
һУһУһо͹ˣ
æĿڡ
ߣȥɣ
ҶûжٺɫǲϲСӵͷʵԶˡ֪үүʲôԻ仰Ҫү
Ҷ֮ӣԼƿԼˣ˭ҲƾʲôҪһԼߵͷҪᣬúһ£Ҳүүͷ
ߣѵΪԼһ
ø⣡
ȴ֪Ҷ뷨õŮͣϲЦտмĹ㳡ȥ
壬ıóɣȻĻûлᣡ
ھҵĵطָָͣ壬һĸ߰˵һ㣬Ǻܺá
ΪҶûʸս
ս棬ʮа˸Ϊߣ
ûб
ơǴʵһԷ糾һүӣʣµļҶڼˡ
ߣԴ󣡡
һ˿ŭɫ
ҵģȻˣͱˣ
һ죬£ʯҲͬ죬ƺܲסһ
ΪﵽԪ߽ףһһĪ
õļ¼һȭһͷĹ
ұ׼׸ҵģû뵽µʱͻȻ꣬դ嵽ͷ
ֱһȭУѪڵһ
ȻϲŮûʲôޣʵʵʵġΪܹ׵Ĵǵǿɾʹشġ
󹦣
һϢڽӿΧɣŤһӴϢɢ
һĻҶж΢΢һ˿Ȼɫ˵ˡ
󹦣󹦣
Χһȵܽķݵģ󶼷Ǹ۽ʶѰ˿ɱȡܿ˳
Χľ˵ӵܶһ
ҵר⣬ʹ򽻵ɲûԭġүйѧһǡ󹦡
˻Ὥ֮ðʽʱѾǿѧˡ
Źһɣ֮ͬке֡
ǿš󹦡֮ͬд޵֡ʹ˵һ˿ᣬǳֿȭǼֱǰŪѰ·
󹦣
һɲǼ䣬ϣϣܵĿ¡һȴк¡¡֮
һɱѵĿһͷ޴Ұһ㣬ײȥһУֻһɽҲҪѿˡ
ã
үΣˣ

ΧԸԡǷ׷ױɫ롢ոɫһףҪȣȻ벻鷢ˡ
¡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬֮٣̤ͬһֱʱͻȻһݣ
һɲǣ·ʧˡȡ֮ģǿһ֣ýޱȵ
һȻȻ¡
ȭ
ȫȭڶΪһȻȻ¡
¡
𶯣ʯѿ䳡̳ڤڤ֮У·һĿɿڴĿУ·һľ׮ݺݵĵȥ
䣡
޴У䳡Ŵͣķݼž


107 ׽ȸ
˶ɵˣ
Ҷеüëһ˿ȵɫ
жٽ֪಻Ԫ塢׵ΪԲᳬס
ȴԪ߽׵ΪһӵвΪдĸ֣ûһҲаʮ
ܾ顢ʶӦٶȣͬе̳Ҳԭ
һġ󹦡
Ȼһо׻ˡٶȡӦٻӦԲ㱻˴ͷ̩ɽѹķ£ҲԿڶʱھٻӦ䣬һУǷȥ
ôסĵˡ
ֻ˵һ㣬ٶȡӦʱİգ졢
Сˣ
ҶüͷһһξԼЩ͹ˡ
ǲĺܡʲôʱܸ˵ɣ
ҶĺһһֻĿȸתȥľѳԪΪȻҲǲѡ
ҶǾԲ᳼ߵġ

ǵɣ
߹ȥһ죬Ķҵĳ
ߣ⣬ֻðˣ
Ǿܴģʧܣֻá
ɲ˵ǿҵĵҩɣ

ûǵɾǰ״һˣɲɡ
ȻٰĲԸô˶ţķݣֻܲʲԸĽǵ˹ȥ
Сӣɵò
һϤЦŴӺ˹
ý㣡
лһ
ոջΪҪˣ
ЦһǡС˵ӡ
ôܣСӣһ𣿡
尺ͷƳһ۱ڵӰΧţУࡢ󡢰Ħ
ˣƶˣмＸһ֪
Цǲ̫ͻȻôոյʧܣкܴɷݡ
ЦЦҲû档ýΪԼżҲãԼͻȻ֮仯̫죬ǡ
ý˼ۣǵ͵˸ƧĵطʼԼơ
ǡͬСɣֵҩʵ̫̫ˡ
ϱӣֵҩԵ⻹һεõǵǵĸı䣬ʵı仯
ͻƵǼһֻȻͬ
ܹҶϡϵͬȻǸ˵ͬҪҲӦսԭ
ԼˣϵЩӻοԼʱһֻȻͬ
ž
ϺУһŨҵҩ˱ǶϺ֮УһöĴָСԲγΣλΣ֬Сһĵҩӳ
ԭǵ
һ˿ȡöҩͨ͸һ͸һִһĸоֲӵôıһ˵ĸǡ
λǰǸǳĵʿ
ѣҵǵ֪Ըıһ˸ǵĶ
棡
屳żɽڵϣһͽǵȥķнѲߣһһֻӷɹӲǵ۾
嵹Ҳõʱ˻ֽš
ˣ
ҩ̷ȥһǿҩ嵤֮ڶҩͣȴǿͬһ쫷磬嵤֮ϯȫ
ž
޴ҩʹı䣬ʹǽǽڵĵطžһϸ΢ı졣
С仯پСǽСǽڵĵطתʼӰҪĹǽڣ׵
׵ųġǡߵԴһһеУҪ͸Ƿ
ζҲǵ·ϣ
֮ԱӵǿΪӵиǿǣܹȫ

ͻȻһʹĵͺϸϸܵĺĶͷ˳ͬϸһ㡣
ǵĸı䣬츲أÿһζȻž޴ʹࡣڣһڵؼʱ̡
¡¡ҵʹ糱ϫںХ֪˶ãɾҵʹС

峤ĳһӵվоȫһ
ڳɹˣ
һȫµȫоȣԼͻһƿﵽһµľ磺
أ
Ǳǵ߾磬һ¥ܴﵽǵľ磬佫еΪ
峤һǣһžžĴӸԸоԼĹøˡ
أﵽ۷壬Ĳ͸ǵı仯ٶȣ
ߴߴ

һУŤͷԶĵطһֻȸ֦ȥиͣ
ķзǳУȸʼ
ಣ
йâһͻȻ֮ȫȻȻͬһƥһ㣬ֱĳ֣ٶȣΧһ硣
ߴߴ

ȸܵĸоһΣգԲ۾һ˿֣̿Ȼ˫һ񣬳
ȸķӦ죬ķӦ졣
еȸŸոշߣһֻ޳бɲһסֻȸ
ߴߴ

ȸֵ۾Ҫ˴򣬵ȴ˿á
أȻǿԲ׽ģ
忴еȸЦȸĺܣ˻ϱ뿿ûмٶȸץס
ҲǵﵽأʱøܣӾбܴﵽЧ
ϧǵȱҲԡǾǳ־Сץһֻķѵһսˣ
Цһɿֵֻ֣ȸߴߴķ˳ȥͬһʱ䣬ȺͬŽһ㣬ȫĸط˳ȥ
͸һƣɫ
رǣٶȾͻӣȻȲıӣҲǺܿˡ
Ͼٶ๦
Ǳĺоȫƣܸʮ׶ûˡ
ΪʲôԱȻųƶٶģǻ족ֻһ׵Ч롣
һףԱ͵ϢˣԻʧܡ
Ҳǡǡԭ
ֶڱսǾԲʵõģͬһ㡣ˣҪٶȣȻϰֿԴٶȵĹŮݿ͵ġĻ경
ϢƬָ̣֪ȥ
㳡ϣҵǰͲˡôүүҲûڴүү֮󣬴һӱҴҵˡ
Ź٣ÿһ궼ŰٵңһΣǳʧˡ
ķǰٵˣȥȥһһдϲģҲвġЩʶЩ岻ʶ
ģоЩˡףٵЩˣһأƺǰô򵥣ƺʲô顣
üеس
Щ˲ֹȥ֪ݼүү뿪ʱŴ󲮣ʲôһӡ
Ҳһһֱǵķݵſڡ
ǡΪ̫飡
ԺһͷͻȻ֮׹漴Ȼһķ̫ĻҪصĶࡣ
ҲʱͻȻһ顣
ϱӣ󲮺Ϊվ˶飬͹ʥʵҰģȻܵϵǣǳǣƺвٵĴ󳼱سͣǣˣ٣


108 ٣
Ȼڵ۹δڶʹƶȡ͡úˡĲԣҪԶ̫¼ԶĶࡣ
֪Ŀǰڳϣ鵱֮ĵһ£ռ˼гע⡣
ڶʹƶȡ͡úˡĲԶԵ۹Σδ飬ǡ̫¼ȴµ顣
ڳ͢ӰͲĴҲǱġ
󲮻ǷĲ°
忴͵ķݴſڣںһʷٽ̸Ĵ󲮣Щǡ
ǳеسݣڷĳ⡣үүȻĵλʱʹ֮гΪηԡ̫ĳ֮ס
δ䶨ܵĴҲġ
ɲ
ͷ΢΢üͷ
̫¼漰ӵıݣǷ⽨̵ĸٳԿ϶Լ𡰽ڶʹƶȡ˴󲮵İţһ취̫飬һ취ү֧֡
Ȱ֪ڶʹϣ󲮿ܻͬԼǡ̫ϣ󲮾ԲͬԼ
ͬԼɫѵԼүӣҲԲܻվԼߡ
漰ӵıݣ󲮲κ˵Ȱ档
Ҳûἰԭ
µ
Ժд˷ǵʱһ߿ͻȻӴŵķ¡¡ͬһʱ䣬𶯣з·һˮͨ
ķ⣬ֵľͷһʻ֮УһɰϢ̫ͬһ㣬޸Զ
Ϣ֮вֲ֮ͣʧңһɸ
ˣ
оϢͻȻ˿Һ꣬εġ̫¼͢ǰسبڣҲΨհ
廹ϵˣҪⳡΣ⡰̫¼԰ĳΣ黹ϡ

£ˣ
ķݵĴſڣݵبһ˶˲١һ죬̫ˡ
بУʣʼյͻĻǡ̫顣ǣ˰ĳѾݱɴƵ۹һ޴η籩
ү̸𣿡
Ŵ򿪣һɫأҲء
ûС
بҡҡͷүڹĵôʥʽɣֹڶʹ͡úˡĲԡ
ʱب治֪ôڡ
˼ȥֻǵȴˡ
£̫ͬСɡ¹سӵڣͱµζҪֹΪ˸ߣΪ鴫ȥʹʥʰһΪЦ
ǳŮɫж֪ȹһʱ䣬ȻѣֻʱѾˡΪ˳ӵģΣʹ·ִһҪ취ñ´Ůɫѹ
ب
ţֺγôģɶӵΪǻʼҵĳ£ҲǴƵĳ£
˵ͷͬǣ
ϧڣҦڱаĳֱ֧̫빬ΪֳУ԰Σֻ취þŹ棬һ֮ˡҲθϹٵҪԭ򡣡
Źǳ͢Ԫϣڳ͢ӵо޴ĺͬʱǴĹ¶ΪΡ֣һԸı׮Υ׸ٳĻҳ£ǰݡ
Ҳҵ뷨°ףܻһŮﰡ
ب̾Ϣ
£ɡм˵£Ժٸ˵ɡ
بһԽָүϢĵط
Զ忴һĻջĿ⣬һ˿ǵɫ󲮺̸ӣ
˿ֹ̫϶൱ļ˵ʲô¡
Сѣԭﰡ
ͻȻһС
һͷһһ۴۵ѧʿ΢ЦԼ
¬ˣ
巴Ӧһ
˲Ǳˣڹ¥йһ֮Ե¬͢¬ѧʿ
Ǻǣ幫ʲôʱȥ
¬͢Цŵ
󡣡
һƽѵþһҲүүյʱֻᣬ˵оۻᡣ
ϱӹ¼ҹһⱲǳϧֻᡣ
ǺǣǾͺáίУҪ빫һһ档
¬ֱ͢ӵ
ǰλã¬͢ǺкøеġʵϣҲһٳļ档
Ŷ
ͷ
ҲãҲҪ

¬̧͢ͷĿ壬ֵˡ
ʱ佥ٵȺɢȥҶϡϡϡϵҲ뿪ķݡ
ķݺܿռ
˰ʱڼɫȴǺܺÿ
ûеõҪĶ
аҡͷ
ϱӣ̫û̫˽⡣ˣܶ飬ܶϸ
̫飬үү̬Ǻģġ
ΡҼ꣬ںܶشϣүүֹ֧Ҳֹ֧ң˫ںܶ೯͢϶ӵͬĹ۵㡣
Ϊֹϵ󲮺ڳϴһµġͬˡ
ܶʱڳ֮ǰύ飬
̫ϣ屾Ϊүү֧ġʵȴˡүүû֧̫ͬģҲûзԡ
ϣүүѡǳĬ
үү뱲ӶڷжȹģĴ¡ʥʣүүһ̵ֱֱģܻ䡣
̫ҵ˽ϣүүȴ˳ĬǼ亱ġ㼸ʮҲһֱ벻ס
ֻΪѾ̬ˣүүͲʺٱ̬Ǹоƺ顣
Զ¬͢߹ȥ˼䡣ԭɫʱǿɫÿ˺ܶࡣ
һɽָġΧһƬžֻмΧѲߡ
壬˺ܶ࣬Ҳһ˿Цݡ
󲮸˵ˣӢ۳꣡
Լ͡
ҦǰǰѾب˵ˡǴ´ب³ǧȷǺţҦ쾫ƣȻһֻʮĺ
Ǽ飬Ѿ˷֪ˣϽȥֹ֪֪Ҧġ

壬ӡͦġܹҦĶֱ֣˼顣
ҲڰٵʱرҪԭ
л¡
幪һ
ΡҶ꣬϶ö˵ͻʶ̻ң˶ŷԭ
Ǻǣ˵ɡҪʲôֻͣҪģҶġ
ȵ
Ѿʹˡ
л
Ǻǣһ¹һ¡Ǵģǳߴͣɴǡ
΢Цŵ˲١


109 
ΡҲǼ򵥵ˣҲ档
;Źͬģ˵Ǻܺõֵܡ
Ǹӿʱһ𲢼սŵʥһߵλá
Ϊԭ򣬿˵ҲǾŹųġ
ڵʱ򣬾ŹҲϵԭʵѾŹһλһλеĳ
ˣξŹ̬֧ЩʧҲû˾ʹ
壬û̫ӡ󡣵ϸʵҲЩģӡġ
СʱԼӦǱġֻкλãԽԽæԲʱȥעЩС
ڳ͢ϵʱһ䣬ǰ壬ֹеĻ䣬һЩΪ黳
岢֪ʲôоóڵԼУͣҲɵʱ
ƺȫһڸԼ˵
£ߴͣҴ͡ԵĻҪһ𣿡
ͷ
һˣ
һԵ¬͢࿴һۣ˶ʱΪ档رΪ̫ķĻһȤ͢ϵķҲʱԺ
һˣŮˣǿǼҵŮӡĽҲ֮飬˵һ˵˭԰ȥ˵
Ц鿴ࡣ
˭ûĻΪϲļҵŮӣһҲԼ䡣
ǣ幫ӣ㾡˵ǹ³棬Ҳûа취ġ
¬͢źӣҲһԵЦ
ǵģˡ
ĸΰͲô¡λ뵽ȥˣ
һˣֻе²ܾȵ°æ
Ŷ
壬˵ЦʱüͷЦݣ֣ص
ʲôˣҿȸ㣬ймҹ棬͢г͢ǻҲ
ף˽Ľꡣ飬Ǻܴľڣ¿Կ
ͷ׼õֳȡ˳˫ţ˹ȥ
һҪġΪ̫顣˵һ˱̫ҪҪĶࡣ
˾Ľ꣡
֮˼ҹҹҪı۹ˣһ˾Աز٣
Ľ꣡
Ľꣿ
üͷƺڼ˼գԼǵôһˡ
¬ѧʿӡ𣿡ݹȥһ
¬͢ҡҡͷ
ͬû
ˣ
죬нӹڣϸ
ԭǸũô̰ôࣿƽ𣡡
žϵϣüͷУ˿ĵģҪɱ˷ŻǿŮͶѹʮ֮ıͽ
̰ۣȻյ۹ҲǲССǽֻǺǮأУ̫ˡ
٣ʮ뷡
£̰۶ƽȷʵ֤飬ЩǮΪһ˽

Ŷ
üͷûм׷ȥˡֵطС鲢ֵ̫ע
飬ȳǶƽĻҵȷʵ԰æ̲ء
Ƕ԰æ
дϲѻ˵꣬ȵԵ۹˵֣Ƕڵ˵ʵ㲻ʲô
Ǻǣ˵ꡣ飬ҿֻ̲Ҫ㻹̰ĶƽͺܺýҪҴӦ㣬ûشһ⡣

̧ͷͳԤˡ
ģ̫Ϊ㡣ֻҪңΪʲôҪ𣿡
ЦȷҪȵˣʲôʮ֮ͽҲ൱ŵÿЦ
Һʵʶ
ԥһ£Ǿʵ
ҿԸߵ£δڴƣӵо޴á
Ŷ
¬͢ԣ˻࿴һۣڶԷпһ˿ɻɫûʲô˼
ҲΪʲôĽôءҦ飬Ҳû˸ٰʮĺӡ
Ҳ֪ʲôֻҪʮ֮ͽֻҪ̫Υ۹ֻҪǶԵ۹ҶԴӦ㡣ȥϢɣһġ

󼸾仰ֻĽ飬ҲϻһЩ롣
ΪаΪа
ǽ֮ţһ㣬ΪҪ
л½̻壡
Ҳ̻˼л
Ǻǣˣʱˡ¬ѧʿǻȥɣ
һ¬͢׼ظķݣ֪ΪʲôͻȻоЩƣ
£߰ɣ
¬͢һЦ˸·Ķ
һ£
Ҫߣѿڶ
ţ
תĿ塣
壬㻹ʲô𣿡
΢΢ЦԳһɳĴȰзǳĿݡ

ԥˡȻʹע⣬̫ҪȰȰĿڣָоЩˣ֪ôӺ˵
̫鱾󣬵漰ȴǳӵıݺԭԵ⡣ողŽ̻ԼҪȷĵط
ʱԼ̫飬ıʹ󲮻֪οԼ
Լ֮ǰĻ۵һӡ󣬿²ҪɢһᱻʹΪǼСˣСС;Ѿ·ɥʧԭ
ɲÿڣ
оȡڶʹƶȡ黹Խ
ôˣ
Ľ֪ôڣǱ¬͢岻˵Խ棬ߴˡ
ǰ幫ӣǰʲô˵𣿡
¬͢ҲһЦ
СӸĸоһǵ죬رҦ飬ӡ̡֪Ϊʲôηη˵ˡ
ɲӡеǸӣ
Ϊ̫ķ
ãҧҧڻǾ˵˳
ˣ
廰һѿڣɽָȻһ䣬ٿ֮䣬ͷ·һϯذ
ֻһ죬ͷʱֻӼҵĶ
˵ʲô
һ㣬ȫǴȺͳӣһȴɫ䣬ɫޱȡ
Աߵ¬͢Ȼһֱӡܺãһ̣ҲɫһԳĬ
֮У·һεѹſеѹȫ׼ǰ壡
ˡ
æȻʲô
壬һݸ㣬ٳӵıݣԭԵ⣬ʲôҪ飬±ǳ⣬أţӵҲһҪȥȰɣΪǱҪҪ飡
Ӣ䣬۲ŴԣΪҴʷӢľϣҴƻȡأϴӽֺɽ룬ȫҴƵǰδеĹʷϴδйʢûκһ֮ȣػʣǺ䣬ˣ
Ҵ书ȫʢǧһۣһʱͿŮɫ֪ǣƵĳ²֪ȴܲɡΣñǧһ۵ϳκε۵㣡
һʹ


110 һֽǶȣ
ⷭѵ룬ͬʱҲﻰ
Ƶ۹нԲףн֮סǧܳһλĴۡ
ڵʥʣǷĵءΪˣŸӲʥϳκε۵㡣
ȡ֮ޣΥ١
ȡ֮ޣΥ

κһλΥٳ飬Ǿ޴۵㡣ʥ۲ŴԣӢ䣬н֮ף
Ӳ鷢ڵʥϣ
˭ҷ˭֧飬˭ĵˣ
ȰľͿˡˣԽ츳ԽߣԳ͢ΣԽ
ȰôֻҪڳһգ;Բڳгͷһա
ǾŹֱĶӣ

ɽΧĶȴޱȡ¬͢ҲһĬɫޱȡ
̾Ϣһ֪ʱԼ˵ʲôֻҪڣǶǴġ
ǡ̫¼ȴֲܲ˵
Ӱ̫ˡⲢΪҵġɽҴبܵǣ
ҪǣףҪʵԼʹҪıޣƵ۹ˣвȱٵһ
࣬ˡҲȱ㣬ȴ͢ȡˣǿ֧ߣ
ҦңǶ߱ҰǵĿⶼ̫ˣԶֻᶢڲ
Ҧҵľƣóľǵ֮ҪȨ£ƴ֣ڴ˵ǻǸ
δǳֱУ͢ҪˣҪˣҪˣҲҪˡ
ֻһǿսɣڳ֧͢ԼԼδܹǵչԼļƻܵ⡣
ԣΣԲܵ£
빫˽Ϊ˴ƣΪң嶼Բ£
¡
ͷڵֻ˵쳣ļѣ
岢Ҫֻ֧߷Ե£ֻǣ̫飬Ϊβȥأ
ˣ
žޱȵļž
ٿ֣֮¬͢¶˴㵵ɫ
ʲô뵽ˣû뵽Ȼᵽ
εġ̫粨ʵǴڷ籩ĵǲ¬͢Ҧңֻ󳼣Ψû뵽ľǡ
ȡޣȡޡ棬εģˡصɾ裡
ҪòҪȡӣʲô취
Ѿܹһ˺ˣûܵڶ˺ԲԼڣûȥݷѯ
̫¼䶼ǣС岢бʲôֻǣ飬Ϊβ֮أ
ͷ
飬о̫ˡ
һǰ۲ŴԣӢĵΪʲôͻȻ֮ô̰ŮɫͰĳţһڶĳ͢س
ǸҲͰˣƫƫһλϵ̫¼УΪԳƲһλ
ϱ˵ģһ޴۵㣡
ǰ̫ˣȫһˣ
ֹˣ̫ųƴƵһˣг֮ݣ߻֮òκһʱգǹϵǧˡ
ûм̫Ҳ֪ʲôӡȴ裡
ϱǾʦӵܣֺУѧ̫¼֮һз裡
Ǹʱ⣬Ц棬ôһոʧȥֿʶӵӡ
Ȼֻôһɲǵʱ䣬͸оʲôԺ棬֮Ҳûг֣ǾһƳȴ˼ӡ
һμҲһеΨһһΣ
̫ٴη弸ʶǴż⣬Ц
ʼһָо̫顱Ǳô򵥣
˵ģ
йâʲô
ǣ
ҧ
˵һЩܵĻȰı⡣֪̲ĹϵҲֻ˵ôˡ
֪ˡ
˵ţÿ࣬Ҳ֮ǰˡ
ϵ飬һѾܹĳ͢ϵ飬Ǻ¡ܶ飬Ҫ㳤֮󣬲е塣
˵仰ʹ¬͢뿪ˡֻƬ֮¡¡УѸٵ뿪ķݣȥ

ȥıӰ̾һ֪Լλǰ˵ˡ
ûȥ
Ҳ⡣ʱ˿̣˼ܹȥԼһʮСӵҲͲˡ
ʵϣԼĻ֮󣬻ܹ˵ǷķӦѾǳԤˡ
ˣȴ١
ȻԼո˵Ļȫûȥ֪ȵ֮Ǽ鷢δؾͻôˡ
ôҶѾˡµģֻǿˣ
а
ڴب岢ģҲ׼ȥȰ󲮺һˣȰһҲȰ󲮡
֮Ȱͷһе£ҪȰȫǳ롣
Ϊǻ൱ô󲮱
ң֪ĸıעˣδؾǺ¡
ת֪ķȥ

£ҪҪȥݷһˣ
ͬʱ岢֪ʱ˿̣һζԻڽš
롭
üͷһЩĿ¬͢ȻһЩ䲻ģ˾̾飬˵ףһʮĺӡ
û뵽¬͢ȻİǷȥˡ
Ǹ˵ҲûеңҲûʲôʧ
¬͢
Ȼ¬͢Ҳʶ̫ӦòǸҲ޵ķʸ
Ĭƺ˼¬͢˵ĿС
ˡ
˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷ
̫£˵Ҳ֮飬Ѿһˣôڽҿ˰̣һΡ
ң鷢֮ѾŲҲס飬ǲҪ鷳ˡ
¬͢顣
¬̾͢Ϣһ֪ǲԸȥ˰̡ŲлÿͲ٣ݣǿҪôܼأ
ֻǲԸѡ
һоͽµּɡ
¬ִ͢


111 ҦҸӣ
ˣٵ󳼺үӾɲˣķڰʱѾȫˡ
٣һδʱѾʼԷһΣΪٵ̫࣬һֱʱŽ
Сӣξˣɫ̫´ζʱ򣬼ǵøϽȥ
ߵʱ򣬶вȭͷ
֪ˡҸҲ𣿡
Ц
ա
һʱһԳԼʱķȥÿķݡ
ҹĻµķݺĻأֻеĵƹҫ
֪һ籩ϯҰǡڶʹƶȡǡ̫¼ķ粨ʹƵĳܳ͢һʱ䡣
˵һѾ޹ˡ
Ѿļ£飬ͲһСܽˡ
Ҳûȥִҵˡ
аҹĻеķݣ΢΢Щź
үүٳʥһֵġϧԵһΪʥȻÿζǰ֣Ψүүٳ죬ֻϣǰٵڳ뿪֮ʥʲŻķݡ
ôˣȴûʥһ档ⲻò˵еһź
߰ɣӣ
ĸ׵Աߴһ£һӻع
ݣ
һ죬Ȼ󻺻ĳҶȥ
ķݵĶߣһ߸ߵԺǽ֪һƬֵʱԺǽߣȴһƬţһĵƹⶼûС
ҵˡɢˣ
ڰУͻȻһϵƺһֱʲô
ǵģףɢˡ
ڰУһ˵ǳ𾴡
ͣ
ڰдһʯһ㵭Ļ𣬷ʱһյͨ͵ơ
Ⱦճһ˵һųϵӣһ֪λȨأӵвĵλ
ֻ˫֮Уʼճһɻƺʲôһ
ȻᾪȲѡ
Ϊ˲Ǳˣҵͷ֮ǰ常ϵҦ죡
ۣ֮Ҧ󣬳ΪʦЦԺҦӼ˼
ǾŹ٣ҦȴûдҦ֮УǴү֪ڵĵط
˳ķݣҵȴ֪ⲻܲ˵Ǽʧ󡣶ҵ֪Ҧһ죬֪ε𾪡
ף˵ֻҪһ죬֪ʲôҡˡޱ븸״ʾ
Ҧͷ̬¶̵ɫ
֮սʼеһĽᡣһԸ©ȴԼóĵطңǸ
ҲͰˡ
ҦȻôģ˭˶֪ĸҦ˵ȫ޷ܵġ
һ㣬Ҧʼ޷
ۣ
ûлش͵Ƶ͹Լӳճһɫˡ˷԰ףƣҦĻֻ΢ЦһϸСĸˣĲŪ͵Ƶĵо
֪ţͨͨڲŵоˣǴƵ۹һλ̩ɽҦҦԪ֮ҦҵҦүӣ
ҵү䲻ͬҦû⣬μӹʲô춯صĴսͬģҲûоʲô͢Уûйʲôڼ׳٣ȻҲûʲô֮
ǣҦҦԪ֮ȴΪ˴Ƶ۹̩ɽүƽƽڳ͢ĵλȻܾʥʳңΪҫķͬռһϯ֮ء
ҦҦүӣǿߵλõģ
ף㶼˰ɣ
Ҧү΢Цʵ˵һ޹ؽҪС¡
ˡ
ҦǺܿش֪׾˵Щ޹ؽҪ顣
ʲôо
ҦүЦŪо˳أĴ˴һͨһ
֡ԺգʢһʱǸ״٣Ҳضѷɫ
Ҧһ䡣
Ҧү۾ЦŰ˰֡λﵽֵزѾҪʲôлˡ
أ
Ҧү۾ٴεһ˵ţһ߽ջϵĺӣķźáϸȥԿ˲ֻһһȫ˷ڣľŵ롣
ڣľ壡
Ҧһŵǲ׸Ҫ˵ʲô
Ǻǣ죬Ҽţͺҹǰһ̣Ժʢһʱһ̣пͬһʢ˥ǰ䣬ʽ򣡡
ǽŵڡҴʵдգ
Ҧүӵ˵ĿģҦ죬Ŀ˵ζ
ˣ
ҦȻһû뵽үҵİϣȻҪ˵һɲǼ䣬Ҧַ·صСʱ򣬱ϹϾүӽ̻ʱ
죬֪ڱΪʲô㵽ڻΪżȻ𣿺ǣ̫Ըˡļҵ֮ףҪۻĵλҪٵȴֻһϦ顣
Ϊ޳׵ʧĵһֱС΢սսҴ⡣ӣҪ̸һΣ
Ҧүĵ˫Ҧ죬ƺ
ৣ
ҦȻһͻȻ֮亹乶£ôһɲǣͻȻ֮о˸׵ľ
ףܽˣ
ҦվĹһ
ҵף֪㣬ҪӵĽС΢ڸ׵ıӻ¾ˣҦѾ縲ĸо
Ҳˣܹ֮һսؽܳͷǡǡΪүӵĴڡΪүһܰȵλá
ôˣһֱΪԼѾҦҵƶˣʵƶˣһֱǸף
Ҧ亹乵ӣҦүڵ˵ͷԼ縲ľ
ȫǼƣ֮ܶƾֻĸ֡縲ѡ
㣬˵㻹еþȡ֪ҵ˭㣬ܿͻ֪
ƺӦҦүӵһϵĽŲֻܿһһȫװĽͳ˽
μҦ
ͳ糾ͣ˷ͷҲû̧ȥ
ǰͳ죬ҦȻһķĽȫʥѡÿһĹɿ
үӾȻܴߣ
ҦүЦֻǿϵͳ졣
Ź٣㿴ݣ˵ɣ
ǣ
ͳͷѸٰѰԼ˵һ顣
ˣ
ҦүӰ˰֣ߺܿӦҲҴңȴҲҴңҦ춼ûӣԷƺһ㣬Ҧү⣬Ҧ춼Ը
ʲô𣿡
ҦүһԵҦ졣
ˡ³ʵ
Ҧ̧ͷһãȻϸˣǸͳ˵ȫһЩǳݣ˭˭˭ķݣʲôүӼ˭˭˭˭˭˭ʲôʱ뿪˭ܡ
ȫһЩڱݣھ˵ʲôûС
˵ʵҦ˵Щȫûõ鱨
㻹𣿺ǣҲǣҲ벻ǸˣȻһʮС
Ҧҡͷ˵ζ
ʲôС
Ҧ͵ۣŵĶԼĸס
ң˭
ֱĵӣ壡
ˣӾҪҵˡ
Ҧүӻ˫֮͸һɶһеζ
¡
ͬһ׻ԺҦ͵۾һƬκˣ
ⲻܣ


112 񾢣
ѣʮ˶޷Ҧе𾪡
ڱﱻƣһСһŪڹ֮䣬ҦһֱΪҵõһǰԼĲ֡
ΪˡҦʳѰ
һ˲֣˭֪ûҳ֮ǰҦ
Ľᣡ
Զûа취ָǰǼưٳӡ
ֻǣҦٴҲ޷ԼĶ֣ǸԼͨ죬ޱȵġ֡ȻһʮСӣһ۵ӵܣ
Ҧһ͢سԸı㽫ܹܣ
ףôȷǸСӾҵˣ
Ҧ
ƽǾԲԼ׵ġʵ̫ҪĽᣬͻԶڻ
ǣ벻𣿡
Ҧүӽϵľյɫ糣·ֻһ֪𰸵޹ؽҪС£
ҳô飬ҳ˸ĸ֡ô飬ΪסͲȥ
ǣ˵֪أ
Ҧ
ҦүҡҡͷǰҦ죬˵ô࣬ˡǱһ£ܴѾȫûǸǽˡ
ϸ룬һĸ֪֡ļƲߣܹɹǻܹ£ô𣿡
䣡
Ҧүӵ߲ͣ˵ƵᡣҦĶУȴͬඥɲ֮䣬·⣬ͷԺڤڤ֮УܶԭԻ󲻽ĶͻȻ֮ƺˡ
⽫Ź٣˭˭ǸҪҵˣ
š
Ҧүοĵ˵ͷ⺢㣬̫
ǻ۵ˣϧҪǸӣȴ֪ǡǡ֪˵˭
ҦһǡԻ󡢻̿֡⣬һеˣڸˮһҲ
һµĶĵ
ǸԻҦʧˣһŵģϵҦģٴγ˷С
벻벻¥ʱһΪֻżȻû뵽Ȼ
Ҧ˵˼벻̫ˡ
ףҴǼġҳСӣҶˡɾԲʲô¡
ԣ׼𣿡
ҦүŤͷ
Ҧ˼вĴڣ϶ǱġԽԽãүӵ˼ƺͬô
׵˼
Ҧˡ
⣡
ҦүĿҦ죬ĿƺЩĶζ
ɱǸӣұ׷ʥǱ֡Ҳͳͳ㵣ȷҪô𣿡
ﾲĵģֻ͵оࣵ
Ҧ˼
ҦүҡҡͷԹ壬ԣ⺢ӻûȫǳлָ
죬Ҧ֮н죬ѵΪͨɱ¾һÿһɱ¾ǺЩ佫ʲô𣿡
Ҧүĵ
ˣ
仰Ҧһ𣬲֪뵽ʲôȻ֮䣬ͷһ亹
㻹סĹؼǸӣ㰡֪ΪʲôɱΪ־ˡ
Ҧү΢ۣĿȴûעҦ죬עյԾĵƻ
Ҧô꣬꣬ǺĴڡܳԥֱ𣿡ôˣǶûɱ¾ӣȴ붯ɱΪ㺦ˣ־ˣ
ֻ֣Ǹӣ
Ҧͷ亹꣬Ҧүÿ˵һ䣬ͷϵ亹Ͷһ㣬һ䣬Ҧϵ·ʪˡ
ֲ£Ҧ˴֣ˣüıͿˡ¾ɥʧüı죬ú룬ҪǸ𣿡
ﾲģòһ̾Ϣ
ףҴˣ
ף̫ǸһҪģȴַʽȥɣε̫¼һõĻᡣǻۣȥ»ΰɡ
Ҧү˵仰ͱ۾
ǣף
Ҧ칪ӣģϹϾ˳˷䡣ʱأȥʱȴ·жǧص

֪ǡ̫¼ǡڶʹ¼Ƕʱܹġ
͢ϵĶעҪܳһʱ䡣
ЩѾ޹ء
үүİ٣ָֻܿÿ쵽壬Ȼ൱Ĺɡ
ڵڶ߳߳խϸȸֳҲѾȫɣǰڵĹȫذϹԪȥ
ںһЩؼĴ𡢻ػȹ̣ȵʱ򵽵ʱȥ
ԪףҲӦѡһЩķϰˡ
һڻ԰ɽԺͻȻһͷȴҵ
Ȼˣġ󹦡ȴ˺ӡǴƹɵʥʴѧȻǲ·졣
佫ҵĹȣ󹦡μģĹƾŹųΪ˾ʦ̳ͬ
ʹáȭ⼼ɣƴʵδĶ֣
ﵽԪףǰһƬȻͬأٶȡݣֲͬĵ·
˶ʶѡķţҲһǲԼѡ͵ĵ·Ϊûѡ
ԪֻܹѡЩķš
Ժд˷ܿ콫ǰĹԺйһ顣ͨķȱɸѡ
˵͵ĹҲҪﵽ󹦡ļҪܹ
ˣ
ԺһͻȻ֮һžѧžѧںΪ±Ԫ˧ʲôľѧ
Ԫһľѧ
񾢡
ǵȺȺ˼ģ죬ǿõĹЧҲߵġ
׼սʿдƹ㣬սʿܹǵЩߣ׵ѹסǡ
ɹһٸıս֣Щĵطпܵģ
ΪĳɾͣʱĽ˧Щǰ˷˺þã
ƻȴǳˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ȻǿҲ󣬵Ǻȴһ޴ȱݡ
Ҫﵽǡĸǣܹ񾢣
Ϊһ󲿷ֵսʿʺϡʺ޼ǵǼѵḶ́ƻֻѲ
һ㣬Ϊ±Ԫ˧ҲòϣŹԪ侳侳Ǽѵţ


113 ܵĵʦ壡
ѾﵽԪףҲﵽ˱ص۷徳硣ҪӱͻƵǾ»ף
а
֮УܶĹԸҪԽĹԸǵҪͻԽߡǲû߻Ԥϵغ
ڵľ磬ﲻǵļ
ҪѸǼҲûа취
վڼɽԺд˷ܹʱ߸ǵĶûУҵǵ֮һ
⣬廹֪һЩı䡢ǵķʺԼʵӦõȴࡣ
ˣ
ԺһͻȻһ
ޣҪ˵ҩĵطǺʾǻʹ͸رǻʹһרŵĻʼʦרΪʥʡӡŮԼͥеƵҩ
ЩʦӴ󣬲ϸܵĹơƵĵҩҵĸ֮УҳΪʹͽ󳼵ĵҩԴ
ŵҩÿһŶܵϸĿƣšܵõ
һƵҩĵطǸ
ÿһλһԼƵҩĵʦЩʦеͶģеǻʹ͡Ǵġ
ʦԶԶȲϻңһֻмˣʮʮҡ˵ЩڼΪҪսԴ
ÿһλԼʦ鶼üأײ˽Ӵǣ˵еҩȥˡ
ΪЩרʦÿһλǰμĸ֡
ÿһĶһ޴ĿлҪʹ͸桢ŮĻšκһλĵҩԶԶá
ԣʹ͸֮УȻӵĵҩأȴûκεĵҩ
˵طĵҩǸ߲ʣңɼ
ȴ֪һܵ;ŪЩطĵҩ
⻹ϱӵ顣
ǳңݻޣҲʹøط̾ΪѶۼһ롣
Ǹ߲ʵĻҡ壬Ϊ³ܡֻ֣ʵֵصƽաУ˶ƽȵġ
ǰÿ˶ÿ־塣Ϊ־壬ܶƽ˵ĶٳΪɣΪһͷѹͿ־ķ
һλѵĵʦҲǴĿУ֪ԭڻҺĵʦ֮УһֱһܵС塣
鱨ǰѶĵҩȻӻʹ֮õȥۣıȡ棡
ҡʦ˽µΪʵУȻҲ⡣
ˣⲢζ˿׵ǵĵҩǼС塣
ʦҩ߼ٱ鱨ڻʹڸֹܵģΪЧȣһܵصĳͷ
¹ʦǶܱؼϣ·ǳܣ˺Ѽ塣
ǳң˸Ͳ֪ʦСĴڡ
󣡡
Ժлһ飬ܿʦԼ˵ĵطһʦԺ䡣
ͨʵЩʦСһܵľݵ㡣ľݵ㣬ʦﻹкܶܶࡣ
ÿݵ㶼һʦһһݵ⣬ͻܿԱȫʦ塣
֮ԼǵãΪһλʦҪ뵽壬й򵽵ҩʦΨһĻᡣ
ȥ
һ꺣¡һűķʻȥ
󡱲Ǿ¥ҲǲݣһʦԵ˽˸ۡڶƽ֮С
壡
꺣һ̽ͷŲԶӡɫĴţ߲ԺǽŽգûһ㹷ķ˺ܾһ
үȷ𣿿˵ӡ
꺣ŤͷԼҵү
ԺӸ׵ģ˵ĸоǳá
ģ
ԺŵλʦԼȤ£Ȼ۾Ժۡϣǿ߲ģдšֵңĵ˵ͷ
ʦ͵͵ĵʹĵҩȻܹԺ䣬壬ǳʦǵ·
ǲ֪Ժûˣ
а䡣
ʹеʦÿ춼æĹûϢԵġЩݵ󲿷ʱڻķϣֻÿҪʱЩʦŻиֽףǽ
󡱿϶ûģǵûˣǲǽסʱ䣬лûס
飡
ԥʱͻȻ֮Ŵ򿪣Ӱͷʶף첽߶
źԶͻȻŵһŨŨĵҩζ
ʦ
Ժͬһͷ
үһ
꺣¡壬˵ҪǸһʦˣһһҲԶԶ
Ҳüͷż
Щ˷ǳĻһߣһʶĴΧкŨľġߵúܿ죬˸оͺ𼱻ǣʮһ
ٲҳԼеǸˣЩ˾ˡ
ĸĸ
Ժд˷ʦкĽ䱸ʹʲôǶܽ㡣
ѿǡ
һԣֶɦŵĻʦпܻ߻ʹԸ㡣
һ㣬λʦһѵġ
һһλʦע߸оΣգ˻ᱨͨʦ塣ʱ򣬾ͲܵĵʦԸˣǱʹеĵʦԸ㡣
һ֪˶Լõʦʦһܵ鷳
ǳСˡЩӡŮСүС֮ĳ
һ漰ʦС¡
ҪӴЩʹеĵʦû̫Ļᡣ
ʦߵúܿ죬ԥɲǣЩ˶ߵԵˡ
֨ƣ
ԥѾʱͻȻ֨һŴ򿪣֮һɫĳУЩֵֹ˴˳
ۣŶߵĽֵȥ
˲ͬߵĺ̬ɣôš
ˣ
ţеһֻ֣ԺһͻȻ֪֮ԼҪҵǸ˭ˡ
ָšҪҵǸʦ
ӣвͬ󲿷ʦĳԱľ裬Сģ˽䱸ģɿӲɽύ
ֶǾԵġ
ôһЩˣ˵лɳ˵ġָšʦ֪Ŀɳ֮
ʦֽС塱ָššȻźǵʦڲ˶֪ԭָ
ʱΪȶģǷ¸˿һָֻΪָһ֮Ҳͨһ
˲ָ֪Լ֪ġԵʱֶģԸ˿
ѾΪһϰˣ


114 ָţ
꣬λʦ彲˺ܶ൤еȤ£֮ע⵽λָšΪ󼴽ɵһ顣
ڻʹ֮е꣬ʱ򣬸Ϊָ꣬šöĵԸΪʦ֮󣬱䱾һʰڼ֮Ƿһ۵ĸ
Ϊ˻ǮָžȻŵżһλʦġ̾޼֡˵ʦǵ塣
ӻʹ˽ʦһΪص飬Բ֪λ̾޼֡ȴʲôܱصסܵˡ
Ϊ̾޼֡ʦ˽ҩ¶ֱӵʦ
һ˵ָšʵǸˣΪδѾעˣԼĻ
ϧˣڻǼҪȻô鷳׾ܽ뵤ʦǵ塣
͸ӣŵġָšа
ʦǵ䱸ǿżߣѽ룬ǳġŵ֮Ǽ鷢ʱֻҪ̾޼ֳһǮͿˣɾܼ壬ԴԴϵĵҩӦ
ڣһлûзָšδػϱô˵ҲδػôõĻṩ塣
Ǵʱ˿̣ȴû̫ѡ
еʦָš֣ҲֵġҪʱڸǼΨһĻᡣ
һ켷ʦ壬һлԴԴϵĵҩӦ㲻Ϊˡ񾢡ʦҲڱصõġ
缸룬缸ʵʵĺô
ܼܲʦ壬Ϳˡ
Ժһͷܿһţ˳ȥֻƬ̵Ĺˡָš
ʦˣ
ڡָšǰͣ΢Цţһ
ˣ
ղŻһȷɵġָšʦ֣˺һ£ɲǼ䣬ٿȻɫ
ʲôˣʲô
ָһˣͫսһĹ״̬¶ǿҵĵͽ䱸УƺֻҪһ仰˵Ĳԣпܳ֡
ʦʦޣֻҪʦʱ򣬲ŻΪʦڡָš˵һ仰Ѿ¶̫Ϣˡ
ָűܵķӦǣԼ˽ʹеҩ£ǲѾ¶ˣ
ЩʦȻѽӽ
Ҳ΢΢ɫ
еʦ棬ָѾǷǳöԸˡһʦ֣˱ɫʦûʲôǽʮ㣬Կ
ʦᣬ壬û˼ֻʦȡһζҩ
΢Цŵ
ô֪ǵʦ
ָšûĻֻǶʦ֪֡嵽ôݡ
Ǻǣ±ûôʦϲ
΢΢һЦ˸Ķ
ָɫһ䣬ץԼ䣬ʹһ£ȻŵһɺŨĵҩζʦú͵¯ҩ򽻵ζܲ˵ġ
ԭˡ
ָȻɫҲÿࡣ
㲻Ҫ˵ˣǲΪġ
ָģһǧ֮ӡ岢ûз˽Զۻʹҩ£ָеĽķû֮ǰˡ
ָ˵仰˵壬Ҫ뿪
ʦܵʦԸԸ⣬¶һ͸ʦ
ߣһСޣʲô
ָһ֮Աǡ
ʦ֪ˡ
΢Цţһʾ⡣꺣һ׼õĽ
ߣŪ顭
ָš򿪽Уһ䣬һһ̣͸ĽӲӵĹâָšɫһϣһ˵ˡ
ƽжǧĻƽ
ָšԾĿ壬һʶһǧƽ𣬿ɲһСóġ
ʦһ⡣ʦ¡
΢΢һЦ˵仰ҲָŷӦ꺣¡ԭ·أʧڴϡ
ָվڴϣŶǧĻƽ˵
⵽ô£
ָıӰһƬԺûмģʲôû˵ʲôûõ¶ǧƽ𣬶˵ֱӾߵġ
٣Уرࡣͽӣѵһղɣ
ָӹһḬ̃ɫܿ콫͵ĽðΣգһ˽ʹ͸еĵҩΪıһ֡
ʲôװͽӣʲôҪΪʲôҪ
ãþûȥķˡЩӣһˡ
ָסһֱķȥ

үոռȻҪͣΪʲôһ
ͬʱϣ꺣Լҵүһɻү£һ£ǧǡ
ǧƽƽ˵ʲô
ϴΣΪ˺Ϳʯү֧ĻƽȡСһʦӦôС
ǧƽʵǲķ
ǺǣƽҵԸͣҲҪԸհǲ˵Ƕо޴ͼ𣿡
Ц
⣡
һʱסˡ
ЦЦûж˵ָšĵʦ壬ǳСġ裬䱸ǿҪǵȺ壬¡
һδ򽻵ӡͿˡĻ̲
¡ҪŪǷϡŪ𣿡
ͻȻʵ
Ūˡ
¡˵ͷһžڣ˹ȥ
󸽽ҶķСģеȵģһġ
ǼĶķʲô
岢ûȥӾڡ
ķ
¡
ķ
üͷطЩӡ󣬺Ǹ߾˿ƵĶķ
ϱӵʱͷǳ棬ʲôܰһ󣬵λĵʦȵֵزΥأһ̾޼ֽܽԼ塣
رԭ򣬡ָšδػôյġ
Щ߾ˣһоȫԽˡ
߾ǵ͵֮ͽ׺ݡö޽ɣָšĵʦݶԱЧЩ֮ͽȴδЧ
ǰǸȦӣ˶֪ȥ춼ԣǱȥ߾˿ƵľƷķ¥
ֹΪ߾׺ݡöأҪǣЩ˻ʹһ˼ɵһ𡰸߾˼š߳Ϊ߾ݿͼš
Ҫ͸߾ϹϵǳʶǺȻָšһʦ˽⡣
ʹĵʦݣıضЩûʵĵλ붼룬ܿ϶ָĿ϶ǽķǡǡһ߾˿ƵĶķ
꺣¡⼸죬ǸһðȡЭǣΣգͰæΣܵ˺
һ˼⣬һʳָŴڵ
⣬жƽ̬ҪǮĻʱøλʦĻðãϲޣ

ϲޣ꺣¡һľݡ֪үײʲôˣϵһ㶼ͬ졣
ȴû뵽ȻǸʦôӡ
ǣүһ񣡡
˵ͷ
ţǵƣҪʱ鷳ȥɣ
˻ֵ
鷳ܻʯһ鷳һöĵġʦһ߾˿ƶķѾԶһͻˡ
֪ԼΪⳡͻԼȫûбҪȥ֡꺣¡аȡǴԼǾ㹻ˡ
Ժתͷ뿪˱


115 ʵԵĽչ
ָš飬屾ΪҪüиչ͹ˡָšڶϵĴ󵨷ҲԼʦݵ̡
ڵϣָšܵϮ
ȻڵǷǵϵΪԽߣԽָ꣬ڶƺԽ󵨣ȫԡ
ڵϣָžܵ˸߾˵ϮЩЩǳֶΣҩ㡢Եʯҡ
꺣¡Űȡмʱָ֣šͱͱϼȻ󿳵һֻˡ
߾˵׺ݡ̣ھʦҲǳġ
飬Ҳָҵġ
ֻ˶ǧĻƽ𣬵ǾȻڽķĸ֮ǰģȻǷ˽ķƽ
⵨Ҳǹʵģ
ָŰڶĳ˶ĸԼʱ̾ͻỹġָڶķ˾ƣȫ£ŰȺ߾Ǽˡ
еĶʶ˰ɣ
忪ʵ
үүķԸѾȫˡ֮Ǿ뿪ˡûк̫Ӵ
꺣¡
˼ôæͳȥƽȴʲôû˵ʲôҪûᡣ˵ʵǺ⡣
үľҲö˵
ܺã죬ÿ춼ǧƽ𡣳֮⣬ʲôҪ˵

ǣү
꺣¡Ӧ
ӽƽͳȥȴʲôҲûеõ⻻˱ˣǾԲɵġȴ⡣
ʦǵȺ̺ž޴档żҲѰĸߡĿͻǼʮģá
ֹϵΪʱ䣬ԷǳɿҵʦǶµĿͻѡĽ
ʮУҲδػѡһ
ΪֽС΢ϸѡ̬ȣʦǵܹڻʹ͸֮ⱣԼܣ¶
˵ֻҪܹӴ壬ֻҪܹǵȺ壬ԴԴϵĹĵҩͳȥƽʲô֮ģҪˡ
ָڽĻأڸ̸뵤ʦȺ»Ϊʱ硣ڵģǲϵ͸ƽ
ַͨʽϵԼĺøС
һ죬ָĶԼڽ䱸ʱţԼġ
ȥ֮尲ļԼ
ʱһĹȥÿ춼ھȻûʵִͻƣÿȥһ죬øܡ
ʱһζ
û̫Ľչ꺣¡Ǳȴ벻ı仯
үָҵǣָҪү
ԺͻȻ֮䣬꺣¡˹
Ŷ
۾һΪ⡣ָűƺҪס


Լ鷿ָŵģͼǰոռָȣڵָſԶûô䣬ɿ
ȴоŨŨɻ󣬻ЩĲ
ӡ
ָŹһ񣬿Щִ١˵ʵʦκεطܳԵÿˣ󲿷ֵʦܰ
ֻû뵽ڱǰԼ˾Ȼôͷ
ʦȻǺĽŵȣ㲻ʲô
Ǻǣʦּˡ
ЦĿƳָŵ֣忴һ޴Ľ۴ˣƺǲǰڸ߾ܵˡ
ӣͱˡʲôʦʦģҪ֪ǾŹӣҵ
ָһִٵ
Ǻǣʦˡ֪ʦʲô£
ĿתָЦ
ӿˣллӵġӾһְ»ƽǷծим
ҪȡζҩĻˡʵƽȻʱ𡣵ҪĻһ뷽跨ӡ
ָŵͷЩ
ǺǺǣ˭˵Ҫȡζҩˣ
Ц
ѵǣ
ָһ͵̧ͷһ⡣
һֱΪô࣬æһֱĻǻʹеʦһضܵá
ԣҲﲻԭ
ˬˣӽƽͳȥʶԭָźġ
ôԲ뵽һ档
ڿʵȫͬ
ʦǧأ¯ȼȥһ֪ʦܲܰæҿһ
Ц

ոջһ򶨵ָţȻ֮ɫ
㣬㡭ô֪ģ
ָŶǰ壬һľͺصܱ˿һ
ǧأ¯ȼǹһطĶһеԴҲǵʦǻпڵİš
ʦ壬ָܡ
ûϵȻһڵơ
彻һֱͨʦݡһֱΪҲôΪģû뵽ԷȻʵ
ֵָսľĸо
ʦαؾȣй¶й¶ȥġֺαصȵڣ
ЦţϵĲһ˹ȥʦ壬ôֻҪᵽͻ
ָŻûжųȥѾǺܳԤˡ
ӼȻ֪ǧأ¯ȼӦ֪ΣԡѵӾͲ¸鷳𣿡
ָһȻ̧ͷ
սʱ򣬻һľִ٣ǵᵽǧأ¯ȼ⼸֣˶ʱһˣ·ӣûһ˿Ĳִٺη
ָŵĻʱĬ
ʹ͸͵ĵҩǽɡЩ˽ҩʦȺǣһ𣬾Բʲô¡
ܻܿҴܴ鷳ŭʹ¸ĵжԣΪ˼öҩʵǻ
£֪ܵĵʦ壬ҲǾԲôɵġ֪δһĪĺƽ١
ⳡƽУеһж߽⣬ʹ塭ϧһжữΪ
ⳡƽоܵ׳ԼҾıȫ˲ҪġڣͻʹеʦǣΣգĿ֮ˡ
пʦضˡʦš
̧ͷЦ
ֵָųĬˡ
Ҫ֪Ѷˡû뵽־ᶨƺ˼ҪԼȺ塣
ʱָ򲻻ӦġǶῼǡҲѾ֪ǵĴڡ
ָŲװ֪
ǵʦܵɭϣײˡңɣҲһ˵ġ


116 ͢䣡
ǲ׹ΪʲôҪμӽҵݡλַʵ̫󡣡
ָһˣ֪˵ʦܣûа취֮֮֮ţֲɱֻ취ɽˡ
Ȼʦıһ򲻶İ˿ţҺˣҲȫûһᡣ
ӣҪӽҲûа취ֻҪõһЩҩĻھһᡣ۸߰ҪҪԼǡ
ָ̾Ϣ
ʲôᣬ˵
Ŀһѿڶ
ôʱ䣬Ȼлġ
ǻʹ͸ĵʦ壬һֱһЩЩ㲻ң㲻ǵԱֻһЩⲿ顣
˻飬ǳ֮ΪӰӰһֱǹ̶ͻȻһһȱҿ취㱨ȥÿһӰ۸߰ҸߵĿܳȷҪ𣿡
ָЩȷ
ΪӰҪǮ
ʵ
ʮƽ𣡡
ָ
һ䣬嶼΢΢ɫ֪Ҫ뵤ʦǵȺ壬żܸߣҲû뵽żȻôߡ
ʮƽ𣬶ھ󲿷ֵҴ˵һԳܵĴۡ
ںܶ˵ǵʦԸǣҲеʮƽĴۡ
岻Ƿ˺͵̻Ҵ׬һʣ¾֪˵ʦǵ壬ָ֪ŵĴڣҲ޷á
Ͳͨ˿ԽӴõĶ
Щɻʹ͸еʦɵ壬ż֮ߣúܶȴ
ʮ򣬻ֻһʸ񣬲ǵҩļ۸ҲǵʽԱҪҩҪ⻨Ǯ
ָŵӶ߳
ң԰Ӱݹĵҩ۸ҲԶԶҩʵ۸񡣾Ҳ𣿡
ʦ壬ڲĹأԶĻҪСģĶࡣÿһĵҩбţһ㣬ָŶûа취
һ֣ȴģǱҪҵĽ֡Щ͵ʦǧ˿ϵӴٲ
ָŵ˼ǾԲƼôġ
ԣ
һնӶߴ
ʲô
ָŻ𣬳ԾĿǰ塣
˵ԣ
Цٴظû˿ԥ
ʮ򣡶⣬ǱʱȡʸҲҪӦ𣿡
ָųԾ
ӦȻҪӦΪʲôأ
Ц
ϱӵԼʮƽǾԲӦġֱһֻۡһΧʸ񣬶һпʱȡ
Ⱳӣ֪δƣ֪ܶƽδֻһѲܳԵĽѡ
ôѡ滯ԼӦÿǵġ
ʮƽͿø㡣⣬ƽΪѡ꺣¡ø㡣
΢΢Ц
ָѾ˵ˡķӦӦеȫһӴ嵽ڣָŷԼµ͹ˡ
ȻѾҾͲ˵ˡҼʱ䣬һ׵ġ⣬һγΪӰһҪ˵ҪĵҩֻҪ̫ݣҪĵҩ̫󣬻Ƕ취ġ
ãҪʲôҩ𣿡
ָŵ
С
ԭˣˡ
ָһȻ˵ͷ
һϢһᾡ֪ӡ
ָšܿȥһʧģжʮƽ

ָŵЧʱĻҪĶࡣڵڶϣָžϢ
ʮƽգİӰʸѾʽͨ
ΪӰϵʦֻܵʦϵӰ⣬ÿһӰÿֻܹŵҩһĵҩܵţĻȡʸ
ĿģһưӰҩĿڶǿ鰵ӰĲһһŵҩ򲻵ɥʧ˰Ӱʸ
ڳɹˣӽʮƽ𣬲ŻôһСƣ
忴ǰһϽɫָüΪµСƣаϽСƵһ棬пɫĵͼһЩɫİӰ
ǡӰı־
һȻ˵ܵ壬һӻǵһӴһֻΧԱʱܱȡʸ
ʦż֮ߣ֮ϣֱ˷ָ
ãһã
鷿ĿһתһУһɹŨŨĵӺƮɢ
ǰ̹Ĵ嵤ǵͬɵŨޱȡϸȥ˿˿ɫĵӺɢ
ЩҩΧȴɢȥ
СʹϱӣҲǴ׹˻ʹ͸еЩʦطҲǺҵˡ
飡
򿪽УȡһöԲγΣ복ĵҩһ̷ֱȥɲǼ䣬鷿УһͻȻһбڼž
֪˶ãһžıͻȻڱ
ڳɹˣ
Ȼӵվ˫Ŀſһ˵Ĺâһɱ֮ǰǿĶϢҲ֮ڱ
Ϣ͡ңϡХͬݷͻһ㡣
Ǽһأ˵ͻӡ񱪹һһݣȻޱȣȴѸٵߵڡ
ϻ׷ڰ׾ֹͣǻֲи׷ȥ
ǼȻ޷ͻҲûộѾмˡ
Ըоڳǰȣ˲١
ڣڿԿʼˣ
гһ
ֻܽġһءĻǣǶ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
Ժӹ񾢡ķϥ£һ
񾢵ĵһ

һȫ񾢵ʱ򣬴Ƶ۹ĳ͢ϣ̫ҲѾֵ÷зе󳼣ȫ˽ȥ
УΣҶһҪֹ£
峿һһϣվ̫ѾҪĹͷǳ͢ϵķչȴԤڡ
ôȺɣ鶼˺ü⣬ǱƺѶȫ˵Ȱɡ
ڴϣÿдȰɵʱʥʵɫޱȣѿĿ¡̫ϣʥչ¶˳Ѱļᶨ̬ȡ
Ǵδйġ
ȻҲвͬʱ򣬵ױ̬һεƺȻͬ
¬͢׼һ£һ糯ʱ򣬰ϵ󳼣һϷ飬ΣһҪȰ»ת⣡
ǣ¡
¬͢ӦţĿȴ硣ڵĳ͢ƶѾԽԽȴƺ޲
̫¼¹سڡһ㣬¬͢ûȰ
ʥּ
룬׼ʹμӳʱͻ𣬾ߵſڵʱһѼɤޱȵͻȻ⴫
գ֮䣬ֻһ룬ͷҰףһ̫࣬˵о̫࣬һ˽
̫һߣһ۾бĿЦ
㹫
̫࣬ɫһ䣬
ּ
ˣʵگԻĹ£͹ࡣگڼҺúճᣬزμӣմˡ
¡
ͬһͷɫһףվڴſڣ˵ˣ


117 ʧƣ

һգƵͳһƬ谵Ҳͬͷưͳ
ڼֻм򵥵ĸ֣ȴһ蹵بͳ֮䡣ⲢҲû˵κ飬ֻһֽ⡰ġȰ棬Ͱų˳֮⡣
Υ֮ǰж׼ټƻһ̶ΪС
벻
ȭͷı۾һƬ
ڳöʮأ֪ʥּǵһʥּݼ򵥵ζûС
ʥּ֮УеһɱζʥѾַʽı̬ȡ
ּɣ
㹫߸߾ʥּ
ǣ͹ˣ
㹫йĽӹʥּ
еʥּģڴдһ졣
ּɣ
㹫һЦеʥּ˹ȥѾǵڶյʥּˡһû䣡
죬죡
ʼʱ򣬻׳־ҪϵȺڳ͢ϴһΪֹʥʡ
ǽĶˡ
£ɲ
¬͢ң磺
ѾǵˣǱƺ˼ϳ̲úͱû֣Ҳǳ
͢ϻãب˳Ӧ̲ͱÿ춼д£Ҫ֡²ڣԶӹԭΣڣǱѾڴ˽µְˡȥ¿ɾǱųȥˡ
Ȼϳ¬͢ǿԵġȻֻһѧʿڳϸûʲôʵȨ
ֻܸⷽɿż
֪
һ˶ڴϣԵĲɡʵԶ¬͢˵ҪĶࡣַ֪ʽĽż˳֮⡣
κһζһһΣоһű䣬Ӳġ
ʮ꣬ڳϣһʧˡ
ʥּ
㹫ʥּǹű־ԵĳٴԼ
ˣʵگԻ͹£͹ࡣگڼҺúͣϳմˡ
¡
һ䣬¬͢ɫ䡣һֽʥ֮ͣǰһģһֻǶ˼֡ͣϳ
򵥵ļ֣ȴǺ֮ǰȫͬġ
ô
¬͢۾ԾĿǰ㹫
ȻˣȻˣҾ֪Ҿ֪
бƺܵ˾޴Ĵ
ͣϳ򵥵֣ȴǶĴȻûָĹҲûаĹپ򵥵ļ֣ʵԵĽӳ֮ų˳ȥ
ӴԺûʥͣòμ糯˵ǲ鳯
£ּɣ
㹫ɫ׾ʥּ˹ȥһƬ
̫ȻҳЦֹǵ죬ǵõʥʵʥͣ
л
ң㹫йĽӹʥּ
£ˡۼҶ죬̫飬Ϊ֮ɣ
㹫Ц˵仰תߡ
ӵĲˣūȻҲˡڹͷ˭֪ʥʺ̫һĵһ
̫඼ͬ飬㹫ȻҲкɫ
㹫ߺ󣬴֮УĳĬ
еʥּÿ˶ء
˭֪ġ̫͵ӴԺ󣬶˵ңɼ
ǵõʥͣҲȨ̤С
¬͢һԵ硣
̫¼ݱ䵽ֵز˭ҲԤ벻ġԭΪĵ֧̫ҦҺֻҪ͢УսʤǣͿ»ת⡣
һ̣˲ŷ֣ġ֡ʼգֻһˣǾǵʥʱ¡
ҦҺֻ˳ӻʵ۵ּˡ
벻벻
ڴϣƺܵ˾޴Ĵڳܵų⣬ʧȨⲢܴġ
ܴģһֱӢ䣬۲ŴԣľȻΪһŮˣҪų˳֮⡣
Խܵġ
ȻڳʧܣҪת֧̫ȴҲġ¹ؾ֮壬ڣǾԲת֧̫ģ
СӲˣ
ͻȻһ̾Ϣߴ¬͢Ϥ
¬ѧʿʲô˼
̧ͷ
¬ⷭ͢Īͻûͷû꣬ȫ˲֪ʲô˼
»ǵֱ𣿡
¬͢ҡҡͷ˵ζ
ǵãķݼ¬ѧʿΪʲô
ȫ¬͢ΪʲôʱǸӡ
Ǵ뿪ʱرͷһָоǺƺ֪ǻʧܡ
¬̹͢Ե
ôܣ
͵ֱӣһĲ˼顣
ϵ鲨ܣ漰˷档һ̣ЩμʮĴ󳼶δ֪
һʮĺôôƶ֪
¬ֻ͢ЦЦûж˵
¬͢ԸǳϲЯЩвܵĺ󱲡Ѿǲôˡ
ϵãԼ֪¬͢Ĺ۲⣬ԶҪöࡣ
»ǵõʱ̫¼ڻ룬ǺӵʱʵҪȰǡֻǺ֪עɹŻһַʽ
¬͢ڵ
¶صɫǺ¬͢˵ľͼ䲻ˡ
ϸ죬ʱ忪ڣƺȷʵȰԼ
ֻǵʱԼ¬͢ǾԲýȥġ
¬ѧʿʲô˼ѵҪתͷȥ֧̫𣿡
ɫЩѿ
£Ҳı̬ȣת֧̫㲻õǺӣлһֱʾǣȥ裡
ܸо֪ʲôε̫¼µ̬̫ˡȫͬҾãӦȥˡܹ֪һʲôһĶ
¬͢
ĬĿ¶صɫ
ǰ¬ⷭ͢붼롣ǽô飬ӵʥּ̬֮Ѿ˺ܴı仯
ʥʵ̬̫ˣûΪһŮ˴ﵽֵز̫ǰû̫˽⡣
ֻ֪裵ӡ
ǰԲŮӶ࿴һۡڣȴͻȻһǿ
֪ʲôŮܹʹʥʷı仯
ʱ仺ȥ֮һƬž
¬͢ҲûдߣֻվһԣĬĬȴ

֪˶ãдһ̾Ϣ
׼һ¡ȥ裶
ǣ£
¬͢һЦѸȥ
ԼƬ֮뿪˸ۡһ·ķȥ


118 ɽ
峿ȥģȴǼˡ
£ô
¬͢æӭʵϣû뿪Դһֱſڵš
֪Ϊʲô¬ܸ͢оʱҿƣӣͺһսһ
ͷû˵üͷģôã¬͢⻹ǵһμ
ΧˣѾڣͱǴɢˡ
ͬСɣ¬͢ͺܹϵˣκ͵
ûа취ϸ˵˵ɣ
¶һľ裬СĽζ¬͢ǰûġ
飬¬͢ΪѴŸѾǴͿˡǿԼĻҪصöࡣ
ڣաĸ䣬ȫĸܹ򣬾һֻӣҲɽ
裶˵ˣ
˴棬ûˣɫԷࣺ
ʼʱһֻ֨ʡһֱҶϳϡҴСó¸ҵּ⣬ԶῪڡ
˵ʲô
¬͢˵һѿڵ
üͷȸոøˡ
ûֱӻشҡֻǲϵİʾң̫ϣҪ׷

¬͢ͺһԵúܳԾܿ췴Ӧ
ǲԸΥ𣿡
̫ϣǸܺߡޣĵʹǸԡ
ǸТӣ飬ȰҪ׷Ҳʲô¡
ǣ
ҡҡͷɫأ¬͢Ĳ²⣺
ʼҲôġʵô¡裶Ȼûֱ˵ֻǲϵİʾңδôҲôί

¬͢ͺĸеԾˡ̫飬ǡ᳼ޣޡװף󳼶֪ʵ
̫һü꣬һֱҲ˶֪ġΪˣôĴ󳼷ʥʣ̫
ϣ˶վһߵģ
ʲô˼ѵ滹ʲôأ
¬͢Ծ
ⳡõη粨Ƶ󳼣һЩ޿ССǣˡ
ߣ̫֧̫빬ҦҺȰʥʡΨû˿
Ҳûȥʹ
飬˶Ϊصܺˡٿ̱ˣð֮踣侮ʯȥѯ
һʥּż֮͢⣬뵽ȥݷ
Ҳ벻
ҡͷʵҲɻ
̫װף裶ʱȥȹϲƣ͹һʨӡ飬ʵ벻ʲôأ
̬ȣԣʹͻȻһ˷
£ܰľϸϸĸ˵һ𣿡
¬͢ͻȻ
˵ͷ¬͢ĸ¬͢Ųľûʲô˿ˡ̫࣬ҲҸ˰Լһ롣
£Ͱݷõľϸϸ˵һ顣䣬¬͢˼仰رѯ˼˵ʱ顢̬ȡ
ȵ˵꣬¬͢˳Ĭþò
£̫飬ǿĺ˺ܶණȻҲ֪ʲôܣԲôˡ
ȷʵˣ
ͷͬĸо
ǵûȻϣ׷ԼҲ˵ʵҲôˡίȻˣΪʲôվ˵أ±ΪТ˳
վܵ͡һСܶࡣ
⡭
Ҳסˣ
˼ѵ裶˵ѣܵģ⺢ҿųģԲܸ顣
ϡ
£ֻֽ͡һ֣˵ѣ˵ѹʵڶ֣˵ȷʵʵ֮ûվΪֹ˵ǡ
¬͢һܲ˵仰
ǵûУǻ壬ǵ۹ޱȡʲôˣֹտڲԣ
˵£
һԺһʶһͷʥ׷۵λȻǻ壬λҲǺƽƽ
Ҫڣ˵ˡޣһģжֻһ˲
Ǿǻʹ֮Уλϵʥӣ
ͷȥ롣ֻڣֹͻϺܶࡣǱΪʲô˵
һɲǣоĵģ˭˵
ˣȫˡ
ͷֻ顣һΣоǰأһ㿴͸ɴڱԼһ
׼һ£Ҫ빬һˣ
ʯ䣬ͷԺͻȻ¶˾ġ
Ҫȥʥ
¬͢һʱʥǾԲġ

Ļشȴ¬͢ϣ
Ҫȥ̫

ɫѰжȴ¬͢Ļп졣ڵϣѾ׼׵ˡ
ʹţҹ֮ѾرˡͬΪҹУӵȨڳŹرԺ빬ʥ
Ȼ׼׵ȴȴһ빬ġ
ɽ£
ҹĻʱ֣һϵӰźۣŶңͷºɴϡ
߹ӣͷ­أƺԼĿκһ˿
ʱ򣬾һ¬͢ҲƲһߡ
ɽˣҸʱйԼһԲͶ㡣һ³ֻһһ˻ʹˡ
ųţվſڵȺѾã̬ǳء
Ǻǣ²ؿǵ£ˡ񣬵ҲɽȼΡһλ֮ǰ
񣬵ҪɽָҲ𣿡
ɽǺЦţͳ˻ƣ˵Ĺ졣
˵ͷõһߡɽͷһӰһûзκεϢ
λɽҲ֪Ĳֻ֪࣬Ǹϴһλʿ
׶Ϊ𾴣˵𾴵ķ롣˵򲻵ѣԲҪ붯ɽ
ǽӵʥּ̫ϵõã˵Ļ̫졭
ǾԲ붯λɽġ

һ䣬ʻˡ¡¡ȴһƬţλɽ˭Ҳû˵
ɽԴӽ֮󣬾ԶӰΪһ塣ƺһ㡣
¡
֪˶ãһ¡죬Ŵ򿪣Ȼ˻ʹ˳Ľ˻ʹԷ֮С


119 Ԫ
ʹһεѹǵأѹɽӻʹĵķ򣬷˷
κߣǿߣоһѹ֡еɽһţϢޡ
ôľ룬֪оɽĴڡ
ʹصأ޸࣬ǿĵط̶ѨݡɽԲʹиֵע⡣
֮ǰӵľˡ
¡¡
һ·ǰ֪˶ãͻȻһ¡¡洫
ǰ
һ⴫
ǣ
ոŲǻȥɣ
̫˵û˿Ĳ
ǣ֪ˡذɣϾͻȥ
ĬһӦ
⣬ǹе̫ȴҲû롣Ļתȥ¡¡Ѹʧ档
ߣ
û˿ԥ̫ʧͬʱ湬ķʻȥ
иͷʥõͷ
֪ᱻܾĿĴһʼͲʥ
ɽڹڲܴ̫ãҲ̫롣ĻͻᱻеĻʼҹ֡ʱֻ̣ܶ鷳ˡ

ɽ˽Ĳࡣֻ֪棬һһʧѾõ

֮УͬͷɢΪͬġ֮н֮ʢ֮лҰס˥֮
ЩͨǿģЩóʿȴǿԿġ
ɽΪͬͨࡣ
¡¡֪˶ã͸ֻһһ㣬ƻͨԶ
ɽǰ桭
ɽǰ湬ǻû˵꣬ͱˡ
ˣ£ǿԳȥˡ
ɽӽﴫޡֻһ˿
һƬ㵡
ɽʱ䲻࣬ɽɡû뵽ɽٶȱĻҪöࡣ
ƿ˴һǣɽѾˡ
ǣ
ܿӦ
ں¡¡뿪˻ʹͬʱһûκ˵ע⡣
һ·ų֣ԶԶ뿪˻ʹ·ͣ
ɽʲô𣿡
ҹɫУŽɽɫأĿгڴ
ûУ
һķɽչ壬͵ĴӽֻͬһӰһ㣬˸оκεϢ
УҿκεĶ˻ʹܵӵıӡɫ֮ӣѾʲôһҵǿˡ
ʲô
ɫһ
֮ǰ¸ңҿ̫Һ鼸ꣿ
ɽ̧ͷĿģ˵ζ

һĲ⡣
ΪҿȴһŴ֮
ʲôôܣ
һһӦɽǲǸˡ̫ѾǼǰˣôܻǴӣ
᲻Ǹˣ
仰ѿڶǻһڣʶԼ˵ˡɽⷽ棬Ū
ңѾ˵ˣ̫ɫ֮ӡɽʶ̫ӵҲΪָ˷
Ǻǣˣ
ɽЦŹһ
Ϊ̫ҵҲˡƲΥºΪ֮
һ仰ɽƺлһ䣬ͬһӰϢʧ棬һĳһ
ֱѾȥˣԼ˻ɽѾˣѾ޹ˡ
̫ȻǴӣ֮ǰûϵġɽǲ˵ѵġ
⵽ô£
ġ
ظ¬ѧʿʻ

֮У¬ܹ͢һã˭Ҳû˵
£᲻ǡ
ܣ
¬͢˵᲻ǡ١ǻû˵꣬ͱˡ
裶ʮʱ򣬾Ѿ֮ͯˣУ֪˲١
ǻ᲻Ǳ¹˶Ŀģ
¬ֵ͢
Ψһ뵽Ĵ𰸡ֻͣΪʲôʥǿ֮ޣȴ⡣ҽ̫꣬ȻǴӡ
ǾһԾŶϲһŮˣ˭ҷԣõڣ
ʵ
⡭
¬͢Ҳסˡ
ӿһŮˣǾ̹̹ȷʵòſڡлûһҳôĴס
һһɵ㣬̫湬Ҳǵһ졣˵ʥʱҲȥüˣһ޹ȻôϲϧΪ˱Ϊʲô̫Ǵӣ
ܹҲڵ
¬͢˵ٵĻ⣬ʥʿǳԺʮģǽ֮ˡ
̫һ¾ȻǴӣԲϳ
üͷġ
£Ҿ飬Ӧһһʡ
¬͢ͻȻЦ
˭
ʶ
壡
¬͢Ц
һܹܶǻһ𡣲ϸһжҵĵġ
ĻԲ֪ȥӲ̫ᷢǴӡҪһʵĻʣõĶ
ķݣС
ͻȻһ̾Ϣ
¬͢鷳ȥһҰɡ˵룡飬Ҳֻһˡ
¬͢΢΢һЦ֣˶ȥ

ҵԺһ˷˷۶ȫ
ܳϵĶһڸר񾢡
˷Ԫ۶ڣΪһɹ΢ԪһѭһܣȻ嵤֮УΪһɹ˿ҰԪ
ǡ
ĲһľЩҲбԡȫͬͨĹ
㣡
֪˶ãڵġᣬΪԲһ״ڵ֮У˿
񾢵ĵһأھŲ֮ǰĶ޾ǻġԪ
廨ʱ䣬ҹŰԪԼľȵġԪ㡱
һԪ
Ŀһ㣬ǰһɽʯĿЩرζ
飡
ͻȻһȭһȭ֮ǰһֹȭͷмɽʯɽʯͻȻһըڣСķĩ
Ǻǣ
ǰΪĩļɽʯЦͨ߷ȭǰѼɽʯϸС顣
񾢲ͬ񾢷ȭмɽʯɽʯѣǳ׵ķ顣
Ĳͬ
ֹˣҵҲ˲٣
ŲԶһİٶļɽʯһƲɽʯ£ȻȻ¡¡ԪߵʵԾٲļɽʯͻȻӦ
嵥ţתһȦź¡¡ȥ
ү¬͢¬ѧʿˣ
Լʱ꺣¡ͻȻ˽


120 Ȱ
ˡడ
꺣¡Ļ۾һĿһâһЦչһȥ
Ȼ¬͢û˵Լʲô£֪ʮоŰ˻Ϊ̫¡͢ȻûرȥעҲ֪Ѿкüû糯ˡ
屾ΪٻҪʮô͹ǱԤƵܶࡣ
ҵĴ¬͢ġ
¬͢ڲԣһֻɵĲƣƺһ¬͢Ŀһ¡
ʮǴһǳɫˣţںڵͷüĿǳʡ
ʱûз֣һٿ壬¬͢ͻȻ֣ƺһͬû˵Ĵݺš
ƺʲôԼĿһǹ¥ķݣȫ޷˰һʮĺӿ
еʱ¬͢оԼ֪һ̵ͬĴڡ
ǰ¬͢˵ȫ
ӣ¬͢ˣ
¬͢Ȼվһ
¬ΪСӿܲ𰡣
վڴſЦ
¬͢ĸоκġ¥£Ϊأ¬͢ƺͿı
ε̫¼Ҵġ¬͢о޴Ĺϵ
ǺǣҲ̫ıӲˣһܵãܵã
¬͢вЦ
ոջأͳ˲ࡣһ̣֪ʣһ
ʲôҲǵ˵ʲôѽ
װ
Ǻǣķݵʱ򣬹ӲҪȰͷҪֹ̫𣿡
¬͢ӣŵ
¬ˣǴ˰ɡҿɲǵȰֻȥֶ𰡡
ϵЦŨˡ
ӣͱˡϴεҴˣҴˣԺʲôǣһȥȰ˵
¬͢˫һ̯Ц䡣

Ц
¬͢Ҳ̲סŴЦ
Щ˱Ȳƺãķݵʱ¬͢뷨һΪȰαڣ˫ĵһΣ
˫ûεĻҲûа취ˡװͿ¬͢ԭ
˫һңļ
¬ˣ˵ġ
һָͷЦָ¬͢
Ȼһԣ׷幫ѾԼ֤Լ¬͢ﻹҶ˵
¬͢
ⷭȴǹά¬͢Ļǹ¥£̫£ЩͨС¡
ȻСִչֳǺͶ죬¬̾͢硣
Ҧϣõ֤
幫ӣΪ̫飬Ѿʥڼ糯ͬСɣ빫һȥɡѾȺʱˡ
¬͢
Ǿ¬ˡ
¬͢˵أ岻ƴǡ
֣һ·¡¡ȥ
Ĵġ¬ܹ͢ܣˣǴеˡ
֮⣬֮ûһˡ
ĴŽţܡ䣬ݶĸ֡ȻǵһνҲܸоշǳء
幫ӣ𣿡
ܹܡ¬͢˵Ŀⶼۼϡ̫Ѿܾá
˵һ֪ܵĻôǸ˱ضˡ
ԼԲ뵽ȥӲ֣̫ᷢȻӣ
ķݵһʱڹ岻֪ٳ壬ڣѾȫôˡ
Ϊ֪ࣿ
ڴ𰸵ʱĻشȴˡ
㲻֪
һĴ㵡֮Ϊ϶֪𰸡û뵽Ȼ˵Ҳ֪
¸߿ˡҵ֪Ҳ֪
ҡͷЦ
̫飬һһ˵һš·ϣ¬֪̫͢Ǵӵʱ¬͢Ҫ𾪡
һʱУҲ˵̫ûãûἰ̫ʹʱǴӡ
ֺγأ
ڴõ𰸣֪Ŀ²١
幫ӣ·ɲô˵㲻֪𰸣Ϊʲô뵽Ȱȥ
¬͢Ҳüͷ
Ϊڴȥ·ϣҲû׷ࡣ壬һЩ̫顣
º¬˶ˡ
ûͽԼ˵˳ֻϱӵ鱻廻Ⱳӡ
ô˵ΪŲɵģ
ʧϣԽʧԽΪ֪𰸵ģû뵽ȫˡ
Ǻǣ£ΪڲӦò⡣
忴Ц
ʲôҪֻ֪ʲô˽ô𣿡
һ䣬¬͢˲ɫܹܿ壬ҲĿء
£ʲô֡һ֣ȷʵӣΥٳ֮ȻͲ˵ˡ
ڶ־飬ģȺ᳼ޣޡһ֣˸ôӦ𣿡
ӭĿ⣬
ⷭν֮ǰǾԲô˵ġǴһʱһʱ
Լ
̫ϵش󣬲ֹϵҲϵ󲮺ҡ岻ܲܡ
֪ʱɲ̫ˡ
壬ô˵ģ
¬͢һԺǳ
޷
ȴҡҡ֣һ¶˼ɫǰ˵϶ǲȻŭ
ڣʥּѾͷȣ侲˲١
Ѿǰˡ
壬˵ʲô
̾ϢһӰ͸¶һƣĸо
£̫飬ս䶨µʱĲˣ
̾˿һࡣһʮ˿˵ֻʵǺܹ֡
ǲ¬͢һֱûô˵ܹܶûоʲôƺȻȻľͽ̬ȡ
£е̬Ѿ¶ɡºҴ󲮴ȺַԱº̫Ϊά̫ϧʥּųáǵû¶ˣǻֻôȵ³䶨ֻ̫ô
̫˻ʺ󣬵ΪôԴЩˣ
ⷭ˵ķǳᣬڴ֮Уһذը
˼黹ǣ󳼣
ڱɫһֱԥԥҪô졣ԻǲԱ¡
˵Ļȴһ
һֱֻע⵽Լô죬ȴǡǡԳ͢Ĵô
ܵģ¾Բôǿǰĳ
ɫ԰˲١
Ϊأ
г̾Ϣһת̬ȣͲǻ᲻ᷢ⡣һᷢ顣
ûʥΪʲôһŮôάʵ̫ʥеķԶҪĶࡣ
еԵɣעǸţΪ˵
оĵģ۾ͷ亹ˡ
¬͢ɫҲԺòȥ
һԵ壬¬͢һɫ˶µĶ죬ԶԶ
̫ʲôܵʱѾǰ˼ĺˡ
ʱ¬͢ҲɰңҺԼ¥ע⵽壬ҺԼΰ˹
Ļǻ֪ʲôʱŻ
ֻҪȥĺ¬͢²ѡ
һɲһƬţֻ³صĺ
忴һĻ΢΢˵ͷܹʶ൱ˡҲԼķݵʱһġ
ûĳᣬŵط޿Ҧƹܳã𣿡
ҦҲˣҦүӻҪġأԸ磬ΪŹֻ͢ľ¶ҦҺ˽ĵΪô

ֱʱŰȰɵĻ˵˳һʱһʱķУЩû˵Ҳ˵
ʥּиڼҡⷭ˵Ѿͬǰ
ɫʱԽѿˡܹܺ¬͢ɫҲ̫ÿ˵Щǰûôġ
Ӧô
̧ͷ塣ǰֱĵӣѾٲΪò˿Сˡ
Уһ̣Ѿİ嵱һСıʿһǼз֡
ǺǣҪʵˡһ˽£һǹ£ΪıΪأ
Ц֪Ѿ⶯
Ǿ֮壬׸ٳѵͲ𣿡
ʵ
ǵΪǳӵڴ󣬻ǴƵĹ´󣿡
Ȼ޾

һ̾ͻȻӿһĴܸУѾ֪Լôˣ
ʵûܵ˺̫ûܵ˺Ҳûܵ˺ⲻͿ𣿹ԣֻ֮ҪܶԴԹֺαں˵ĵʧ
尲ο
ǷĵءһִͶˡֱֻˣŻᱸĥôá
֮˵ĺã˵ĺð
һ̾Ϣָһԭӡ
ڣҾʲôҲ˰


121 ˵
̾Ϣѡ
ˮգڵѾôôˡ棬ʥʵʥּѾų˳ķΧ
ε£󳼶Ψհڰĳҷԣº̫ҲȻ㵽ͷϡ
ʲôҲ޷ıˡ
ﾲĵģһƬء˵ҲʲôϷԣı̬Ҳѷس͢ظǰλˡ
ҦҵʤѾɱ⡣
ڵĵľǳϵĴ󳼣ϣ²Ϊ飬ͱĳ
г˵ǡ
£ûпȥʥʡԱ¶Σ˵صء
һֱûô˵ܹܵ¶˼ɫ
ûܵġ飬Ѿŭ˶͹˱ϵڣǾԲҵġҳϣҦҲԻ뷽跨Բᡣ

ܹһ˿ΣȻΪֳıԣó
ңͻȻ֮ı̬ȣϵĴ󳼻ôң»ôңҰôҡͻȻֱ֧£ҲδػôõЧ
̾Ϣ
¬͢Ҳ˵ûлͷٵľʲôʶ㵽ͷϡ
ڣ¬͢Ҳ벻취ˡ
ϵһԤδ󳼻ܵǣԤҦһڳϵƣҲ޿κΡ
ѵľûа취𣿡
¬͢ǲʵ
ʵ顭µδһҪ̬֧̫
֪˶ããʱ˶С峺տտ磬ʱһְƼյĸо
˶Ǿһ뿴塣
壬ʲô뷨𣿡

ǰ幫ӡǰ뵽ʲô˵ɣ
¬͢Ҳ
Ǻǣ£ʵԣѾ֧ˡ
ߣԹ壬ɲǡǺڼסϷ
ǣԶԶɣ
¬͢ɵ
Ǻǣ¬˻𣿱֮ԷŭΪԡΪķʹñﻢ£̫빬ž޴
̫ܹ˳빬Եûô󡭡λΪʹ˷ԣ»𣿡
Цŵ
һ䣬˶ǰһһɫͻȻ֣̫飬֮ǰûаٽĴ
ӵ˼άƺͱ˽Ȼͬͬ飬ܴзֱ˷ֲ˵Ķ
ҲͰˡϸ˼˵ľһְƼյĸо
˵
˲٣壬һڴɫҵӣԽĺˡ
ǣ£
幪Ӧһ˵һ־޴ĸȾʹ˲Ծ˳˼·˼
ڳӵо޴ĺһٻڳƼҲǱ¶㲻ԭ򡣵ͻȻ֮ת̬ȣɼҵķԣתΪĬôеĴ󳼱Ȼɻ󡢺档ʱ򣬵ֻҪ˵ȥ̫¼飬ಢʱԵµӰ죬Ȼڳ޴ķ졣
ֻҪвԥôȻôҡֻҪԵһ˸ı̬ȣ̫빬¾ǴѳɣƲɵ
ֻҪеķôң⵽ôӴ󣬱ȻҲ׷˷ԣҲ⡣мȫЩӵڣͬʱֱȫ˳е󳼡

ܹĸеˡ
ϵ飬ܣһеĸӺͷղΪ˵ҲΪڳЩİ
һϯһӣǳϽʮϳϸֱ棬ķǵ˷棬ҲòϣĿǰõķ
⺢ӣ̫˳Ծˣ
һʮĺӾϵ׶˵ⷭĶš
֮ǰʱ˵ҦȫĹͣپеŵζҪС
ڣţȷȷʵʵǳһӡ
ĸоĴͶ绹Ҫӡ̡
Щͷеܿ쿴һߵ¬͢
¬ˣô
£ˡֱԣĿǰõİ취ˡ
¬͢˼Ƭ̺
ֻǿϧˣ㱣ȫ˳еĴ󳼣¿ҲѷصСٰ֮ûа취ġȵǸʱֻ´ѶҦѾ£ӹܱ̲ˡ
̲ǳ͢Ȩصš̲ҲˣǱȴ֮ءƾھľ޴Ӱܳϱأӵо޴ĻȨ
䵽֪㳯͢ϵ󳼱ȫˡҲˡԸһץסȨǾԲֵġ
ھе֣ڶʱھͻᱻɾȫԼˡ
ߣ֮£ɲ족һ۹ˡ
Ȼģ຦ߣȡҲҲֻˣ
쳤̾ĵĲʡ
忴ˣĬ̫飬һ˵Ѿ御ˡԥһ£˵˳
£ʵ飬δҲӮˡȨδؾõ
һ˵
һֱı򶨣仰ҲͲסˡ
ô
ǰδеء
ҪӰ죬ʵҲûа취һֻҪһˣֻҪܹõ˵ͬ⣬һоͿΡ

ʲôˣ
ܹܡ¬ͬ͢ʱʵʥּһɿԽĺ蹵ʵںţѾˣ廹ܹа취ָԭĵλ
̫
Ц³һ֣
һжǳ̫ϣ廹ϵˡػسãͱҪ̫İ
ﾲĵģ˿壬۾ȫһֿӵĸо
ˣ
ȫǷˣ
֮ǰı֣˿ͽг̫빬ھǳˡ
֮ǶôܻԼĳˣ
Ȼ̫˵ֱ쿪ķӶ˵ֻ

˾㵵ģŵĿ⣬Ц˵ĳɾ͸С
ڣޣ˵һܹ̫ı̬ȣĻ
ôУֻһ˿
ǸˣԼ


122 Ӷ֣
壬ĻǷˣ
̫ǣѾǲˡôлǣ
Ǻǣ壬㶼ĻҿӦһ顣ʲô飬ֻҪܹҶһӦ㣡

˿Ծòܡĵ˰˵ô͸룿ڳҲǼָˣ½У˲㣬ģһûС
ֻǼҦҶô˵
ȻʢŻ˵ֻ
Ǻǣ
Ц˵ʣ˶ΪⲻܡǶкøУε¬͢Ҳ˵̫ˣ̫ʵ֡
Ҳ粵ʵʤ۱磬Լ˵ٶ࣬Ҳ罫˵
Ǻǣ£ûʮյģҲұ֤һܹ쵽²ĻҵǿԾһԡֻǣҪ飬Ҫȫİҡ

ȫû⣬ʲôͷȥɰɡҪʲôһ¬˶ԣһȫ֧ģ
Ц̬ɣȻܹɹΪˣûиԷȥˡ
л£
幪һ治ǿҪ˵飬æɡ
Ŀ¶˼ɫȻǰ˵ĵ֪Ҫһ׵顣
ˮգ˵ȥĻղصġ֮ǰԵôңϻټԣҪ̫кøУͻȻ֮ı̬Ȼǲܣ
飬ҲǾԵģ
д˷һЩ̫顣
ʱ˶̫ǳڦڸ˽⣬ҲֹڡһŮˡʲô֮ࡣ
û˽⡣
ֻ֪Ů˾ֻǡߡһŮˡ⼸ܹ
κһƽʱգŮ˵òʷϺպǧʷŵϺţ
һŮӾȻƾòܹʷԼĺۼһͿ֪Ů˵Ưʲô̶ȣ
һ㣬ڳ֮⣬ûע⵽
ò̫廹֪һȺþرϲʫʫԶԶϲķΧ
ЩвŻʫˣ̫رϲ
δ빬̫֮ᾭټЩʫˣʫԣЯǣҴ͸ǴѴѵĽ
Щѵʫˣ̫һʹ͡
ڴƵʫУ̫һֱõġ
̫ʫҶʫʵϲѾ˳ĵز
Щõʫʵʱ̫֣һ̶֣˯ʱҪš
мװӣװĽ鱦װϲʫʡ
ͬʱŮһ̫ҲԼСС˼
̫ϲЩвŻʫЩвŻʫһ£̫ͻϲĲˡĶ͡
Ϊ׷ԭʫʵϱ˵̫ϲʫʵʱоЩ뷨ֻһֱûлᡣ
óʫ˵пΪ
Ժһͷһʫ
ʵкܶ෽ӡеĴǽȻͬġ˵ûףҲûжŸ
ȻҲв˿ڵʫʣҲвʫˣˮƽȴԶԶﲻӡеֵز
٣֪ܶʫʣȫѹЩʫ˵ġ
ʫɣܴܲﵽЧԾ֪ˣ
ϱûʮʮյĶԺʫȫпܸı̫ӡ󣬻֮ϵġ
صУûκεĵ飬˶סƽʡд˳
ȻǼưٳò˵дĲôġһȻѾŬˣдŤŤֻ˵ǿܿһ˵嵹ӵܵݡ
ȻдĲôģʫʵݻǺзġ
ˣ
忴ֽϵݣһͷϸͷ󺹣ʺյǾȻͬġ
飡
忴ԼƷ˵ͷȻץһԵĴӡصӡˡӡ
ӡˡ
ߵʱʱ¬͢ҪġҲ󷽣¬͢ȥԼӡ£ֱӾ͸塣
崵˴ֽϵīˣһŴŵŷŷд˼֣Ȼָӡ¡
¡
ڣ
⣬¡Ӧ룬̬
ŵʹȥ̫⣬ӡ£¬͢¬ˡ
ָϵźʹӡ
ʥڻʹｨһ湬̫ס湬ƽҪʹһӡ붼롣
ȴ֪ݣֻҪŷϵĴӡȻͻ˳ʹ
ܲܰͿŵЧˣ
а
źʹӡȥ峤˿æˣֽܿעתƵϡ
һصġԪ㣬ϺԼľҪﵽߵľ磬ͱͻƾﵽԪ߽˵
仰˵Ѿ޷ˡ
ڣһɣܹԴԴϵĴԪٶȺǰȣȫᲢۡ
Ҫﵽߵľ磬Ͳٴˣ
аһŤͷ͸ӣʦ⣬´µɽ͡
ؼԪɽ֮Ҫȳ֮гĶࡣҪΪߵľ磬޶ȵķӳ񾢵ͱ˳뿪ʦɽ֡
黹̫
ʳָû棬Ժд˷ʶģǸŮݿ͡
Ļ경ϳɫɱɣŮݿͼֱһ㣬ʤüסˡ
ʦ֮УڷɭϣŮȻҪԼͻȻ˳ǣɽָӵĻľͺ˵ˡ
ֻǶݿͼ
꺣¡ϰȡδؾͱԼ˵ǶҪϼ
ˡ
ĥ󿳲񹦣Ҫ£ҸǿУ
ŶͷоЩͷۡ
ĸڣСãĻܴߵġֻ취Ҽĸ֡
ʾ֭ǰеЩ֡
ˣ
ԺһͻȻһ顣ҪҸ֣ʱڣбЩӶ֣ãġ
֪һӶֻ֣ϧƢܹ֣ҪףϳòĻãһֱûʲô
ֱ֮һżȻԭֲһٳܶ˲֪ԭô
ǸʱѾһ븮УΪˡ
ʱֵʱ仹ãƾǸƢҪ۸߻ˣ³Լ֮⣬ûע⵽ˡ
ˣ
Ժһͷ¶˾ġ


123 ĺ֮ң
磬ٲӡͨ˵硣
Ϊ磬кܶԹӶߡЩ߸ߵͲһݬ룬ӶϰҲһеֻܵεе˰ʱƻһϣиָϡŹֵĸ
⣬Щ˱ͬμӹӶԭҲֶеĿĵʵҪ׬ǮҲеĿĲͼ
Ӷ߹ɵӽٲҲûз
ԣжҪԼȥϸ
ˣ
ʦϣǽߵĵطͷǰְͨͨСĲ¥
¥ֻм򵥵ĸ֣
ĺ֮ң
ҵЩ䣬Щͷˡ
ү𣿡
طƾɰ
꺣¡üͷһɻ˵ǲ¥˺١ңصǳƫƧ
һ¥˵ûпˣҪ㱾ġ
İɡ
ȻЦ
һ¥ȻҪ㱾ġؼﲻǰƹӶߵĵطûһеģԽƫƧԽá
ڿġĺ֮ҡֻڶĹӶֵĵط֮һ
꺣¡һ֣ˣ̤ܿ¥Ȼ־ɣǲ¥ȴǸɾ
߽ȥеľݶһȾǳ롣⣬ذҲܸɾȻ˵϶໪Բôªٴﵽˮ׼
¥Ӳ٣ߣŸ죬ʸ죬ſĿ񣬻߶
ȥʱ򣬷ǰӶ˻ǲ١˶һ̵Ĵ磬˵ĳֲû̫ע⡣
ƹӶ۸˭ߣ
Ҳ£ֱҵֵ̨ģһĺƹ
ţǸڵ𣿰㣬һƽţѪǳףһصĸ֡Ǵ´ˡ൱ˣ
̨ƹ۾һۣȻָŲԶ¹ڳɫиַ緶˵
꺣¡ԶʱΪ⶯и侳ĸְæİȫȻӡ
ȴǺ⡣
м۸ߵ𣿡
ü
ƽĹӶ۸ԱʵΣҪҵģ㼶ġ
ӡУǸ˵ļ۸ɲܽġ
ߣ
ֵģƹͻȻЦϸһ壬ͺһע⵽һ
˰죬ԭǴװͿҵҵġУҪҵ˾ڶ¥ľǣģԲŪ
ƹ˵˫һһƲһٴ
ֻһЦл˳Ŷ¥ľݣȥ
˶¥ƹΪʲô˵ԼԲŪˡӴһ¥μһĹӶߣһһߡ
ʮң꣬ޱ߷ϻɫҲЩˣΧкܴĲࡣ
ˣĹӶ۸ɲ͡
ǰһŰ߳ӣװ׵дżҫ۵֣
ǧƽ
۸ΪʲôûԸһˡһλǼ۸ߵûѡ
ȣĹӶ۸ֹǸʮºܶ޼̶ָһ͵
ˣ
忴ϵľЦһλողų¥ãǧƽļ۸񻹲Ǹߡ
ȵһʱ֪֮ǰλ¾Ͳ۸ˡ
꺣ȥһ̳õľƹ

ǣү
꺣ܿӦȥҲӣŽĻȥ
ϵ𣿷ǳţҪȲԾƣǱȥ߲ӭ
ߵǳĵͳһԶζĲȺ˵ŲĻͷȴû̧һּöͭǮһӵľơ
ġ
΢΢һЦ̧ͷݹȥһɫ꺣⣬мƽһ̳ɾصĵϡ
꺣һ⣬һְľƮ˳ţŨȴһָһڣ˸оĿ·ͻȻ֮Уľɽ֮һ㡣
ġطªҵõľˣ
Ц
ⷭ˵ʵ⡣
ЩˣĵġԺ͵ĺֻͬоƽ𣬵ȴ˰ȡʮĻƽ𣬵ʦǵΪһΧİӰҪʮĻƽ𣬵ȴۡ
ֻҪõģвܵģ嶼ǳ
ƽһ̳ľѾܹˣ˵ǰ˿ԶԶֹۡ
ƽľƣίˡ
ŵϵɾƣ˵ڱȻɫĮȴѾû֮ǰôԶˡ
˵ãҵļ۸ɲͣ
ǧƽ𣿡
ÿ£
˵
֪
Цǧƽһ£һôߵļ۸񣬿ЩǮĸ̾޼ֶԽܡ
ҴԼߣôߵļ۸ӶһˣҲԽܡ
ȴں
һǧһ򣬶Ա˵ܸߣ˵ȴ㲻ʲôҪģһĸ֣
󣬻¶ɫ¥ôã󲿷ֶǳЦԶ
ĵһҲΨһһӶˡ
˵ãҵĹӶġ
˵
һӶǰ֧ҲǷ
ԡ
˵ͷ
ڶҲܹӶֻİȫһвܡ
Ҳԡ
ٴε˵ͷ
ҲܹӶ֮ȥȥ㲻ơֻҪ֤İȫҵ¡
廹û˵꺣¡ɫȴѿˡ
ԡ
ٴε˵ͷ
ģ뿪ʱ뿪
˵һ㡣
ʲôЦǻйӶ𣿡
ǧƽһ£־ͳ֣ȥȥ£
廹ûڣ꺣¡̲סˡӶߣֱһү
ҲУҲУҪȴôסǰѱ˵ɵ
û˵ֻŤͷ塣
үԲУҪӣǻǹӶҪǳô죿үǮʹˮƯ𣿡
꺣ķԡһ䣬ͻȻһЦ
֪
ΪΪʲôһ𣿡
쵰ֱԼү۸ֵͣ
֪˰ɡЩһϲû£

壬һʱ˾ע⵽ˡһĻȫǵԤϡ
λү߿ǸҲ١Ҫġ
Ҳ˼ĹҪ˹ӶԼ
ԡ
˺Цʱڿˡֻ֣ȴ·ӵħ
ɲǼ䣬㾲˳Ծ塣
һֱȻĻˣҲ¶ȵĹâ


124 湬ıʣ
֪Լжô̡ΪˣԶǰ꣬ûбϣ
û뵽ϣ꣬ȻӦˡ
ˣһﵽôģҲӦ
Ǯûط𣿡
ҲòŻôǮַϰ
ң֪һʲô𣿡

󣬲¥һȺͬǹӶֵ˷׷׾ò˼顣һƽܹӶһĸ֣ȴԸ⻨ǧȥӶһˡ
ؼǣԷĳ֪
Ϊֱ⣡
ôͬ𣿡
΢Цɫʼû˿仯ƺֻĳЩصС¡
˿壬ǾȵɫһΣЩˡ
ڴĻشʱͻȻ֮䣬һӶߴ
ҪôǮҲҪ¡ү
δ䣬ըһֻӲȭͻȻ߷Ŀ磬ֱ˶ȥ
ֻȭΧһȦʵİɫԪŽ׸ֵı־֮
꺣Ҫ
ɫ䣬Ҫֹ꺣Ѿˡһߣһ̣꺣ȭͷھ˻ߵĵطƺײһεǽڣȻͣ
ߣ
ʯ䣬һ߲ͣ˶һ̣һɰϢ·籩һӸոջ۵Ļڱ
¡
һ춯صľ죬¥ڿԣ֮У꺣һƤ㱻ڱɳȥ¡һײڡĺ֮ҡһǽϡ
ɽ
ƽϢͬһʵĴλվ棬ʮɵĵط꺣ӵվϾȻˡ
һɲǣ˶ɵˡ¡վߣǴľ
ĺ֮ҡֻһҺͨĲ¥ΪӶߵľݵ㣬ڱȽϵͲε֡
˭Ҳû뵽¥Ȼôһĸ֡رЩϦദµĹӶ֣ޱȡ
ţٶﵽ侳׾ٵӣȻûôʹʵʵԶȱҪǿĶࡣ
ܰ꺣ôԶãҲﵽ˳뻯ĵزٶ侳صľ硣ֻߣͣ

忴ǰĻˣԺһͷΪ±Ԫ˧۹⻹һһģΨһϧˣʵڸͿЩ˵ʵ
ɽ
ԺתЩͷѸٵͻһ
˽Сġ彫ǧƽ𽻵Ϻ֪ġԼĻĪֲֻᡣ
õǧƽ֮󣬾Լ˵ֻһʧˡ
꺣¡Ʋȡֻ⡣
ģ֪Ĳࡣֻ֪ˡԱУбعӦ飬һ
һ㶼ҲдƵߣԼˡ
ڣ԰ĵȥˡ
վĺ֮ԣ峤һָ֣жһ㱣
ڣĿԷĵɽ书ʵˡ
ݣ
һߺȣʻȴûзңǳžʦȺɽȥ

ÿǰɽʱͬһʱ䣬ƵĻʹһ粨ȴš
һţ
ƵУһĸƤƵĹ֣һż㣬߽װ޵ۼ̻Ի͵湬С
ʲô
ɫĹڣžһ죬̫ҧгݵ洫
̫һڳ˻ڸҲͰˡھȻŷдҡҵˣȻҪôڸң
棬˵һ֮ǣǾһͺʥߵһ
Ϊһģڸ̫ܲޡ
ɼ̫ţ붼룬֪Լġ
ô죿
ҽȥûˣ
̫
ǣūȥ죡
ͷ­һæͷתȥ湬ƫĴһʮ㹬Ůڵϣǰһյơ
ǰһ¯ȼšԱ߷
͢УЩǴɵ·ǲӵġǱûգ⵽¡
ֵطͽ·
ţȥ˼ûˡ
װֽһӣҲǹŮӦתߡ֮͢ڶ࣬СѾͿˡ
ֻиҪȥ
ʮСŮȥıӰϵţ˳ȥһֱиϰߣЩµĶҪȥһ飬ȻŻȥա
СŮǷţһӴסˡ

̫ͻȻ湬е֡
СŮڸԼ·ʱ򣬸Źʲͣ͵͵ĴԼѾ͸ʱҲˣˣȴӣվﲻ֪ߣЩ͵ǣҲЩԾˡ
̫ڹڣʱ߶ʲôһưģ
һûʲôǽü죬ղûת䣬Խˡ
ĽǵĽЩĲˡ
ô£
һСŮΪ͵Լʥ͸Լĸ̴ڵϵʱ̫Ҳ̲סˡ
ϢŭϢŭ
СŮڵϣٲҲ֪Լʥ͸ĸ㣬Ǵ⡣
С£ô£ΪʲôĲɵģ㵽ڸʲô
̫ӹﴫ
ϢŭūҲһʫԲ̲סҪ͵
СŮڵϣϻ̳Ͽ֣
ҵʫ
̫Ϊȣеŭһˡ
ǵġֹңСӢС÷ȫġҶ˵ҪȻҲдʫūǲŻ̲ס͵͵
֪˴СŮæ֪г
СӢС÷ͳͳ
£̫Խˡ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬湬˶ټˡŮѾ徣ū澣֣̫඼ˣѹѹһƬȫڹ⡣
˶˵Ϊ̲ס͵͵̫Խĺˡ
̫ʫʱ鷢ˡȻ˶˵ʫǾȻûһܼסʫȫݣ˶ֻֻ֪Ƭצ
˵ġ˵񻨵ġ˵Ũġ˵ģ֮ûһ֪ʫϸݾʲô
ͬһ仰ľ䲻ͬ˵
̫ԽԻˡΨһһԿ϶ǣȷȷʵʵôһʫ湬ⷭ仯
ңʫǶǴ˭ģ
̫һ취˵˵ԼǴ˭ġ
СӢ
С÷
С£

һ·׷ȥһеԴͷȴһ˭Ҳ벻ˣ
Ƿ·Сң
·СٹĹڵϣ̫õģȴһԼôҲ벻Ĵ𰸣
ϢŭʫҴµ￴ģ

̫һӴסˡ


125 ƽʣ
У̫ȫ»Ϲϵ
˵յǷ𣿡
̫ûжŭ
ˡū澶ûаյūʵ̲ס

սʤһУڸû˼ȥŮ˽Աŷ⡣
У̫ҲкܴɻǷӡӡУӦԼģôһʫϹϵʫôˣ
ң˵ĻŮҲˣЩô£
ЩͷѾԽԽ棬Ѿȫȥˡ
żܿóԭԭֻǦѾˡ
̫ڹ֮Уʥʺλʦİţκ˲ýӽЩŮūǣ·ģз̵ʱ򣬶ǵͷģҿ
λ˵ֻˣɷ𽣬̫пƽɹ˽١
ѷ򿪣
̫顣
ǣ
·ĹŮСȴǿſ־壬ֽ˳һɲǼ䣬з̵ĹŮū澡Ѿ徣ЦֶʶĿ˹
ڹȥһʱǶ٣ֻƬצʫһЩƬΡʫ˭ҲûֻǼǵʫ
ɣ
̫һ˿ŭʵ벻ףϴָ֮Ūʲôֶ湬
ǣ
·СӦһһһһɲǣ˶оı仯
ǰһ̣С񻹻ǿ־塣һ̣˫סʫʱ򣬾ͻȻƽϹâտտ¶һɶǵᣬͺעԼһ
ƽʣ
Сʫǳࡢᣬ˵ң˵ᡣ
һָʫ
̫˴û뵽Ȼһʫ
ԭƽʡ
ܵĹŮū澡ѾҲһɧǵһ֪ʫʣʱ㴫ңҴ㣬̫ĽҲҹۣԾȻû֪ʫʲô֡
ŮūǴʶֲ࣬ѧ費ߣҲ˵ƽʲô˼ֻǾô˵¡

̫ԽˡʫôҲ˵İ
ѻݣ
Сˡ湬ӹ·ӵһħһɲǼеĹŮūһӰ
һĿŷ·ŮСķ򣬿еֽֽͺʧ˻һ
ѻݣԭѻݣ
ǵһʫݡ
ɫĹڣ̫ҲסԭʲôġҲʲô񻨡ǡѻݡ
һɲǼ䣬̫еĳͺۻʫԶЩŮūǸߵöࡣ
ܸʫζ£һɡ
ڤڤУͺһӰбӣҹ֮£ڻУ̧ͷͷȶ˵ƣϽεĻǸŮӣ¶ŨŨ˼Ľζ
Ȼ˭Ҳ֪еǸŮʲôÿŮһƵȣлĽޡ
̫һʱסˡ
ЩŮȻûʲôʫ裬о仰˵ûʫļκʫʶҪĶࡣ
¶Ũ
Сһݡ湬ԽľˡĽǵĽҲ̲סϢһ¡
ѻݣ¶Ũĺ
һŮū澳ճյĶ˵ǵһ֪ʫݣĻҪ
Ⱥɽͷ
ĺЩˡ
̨·꣡
һ湬һƬľ
簡ˣԼŮӵòŮӣ
ѵȺɽҪȻǾһ̨Ӱɣ

һʫϣ湬ͻȻӿһζ˶ʫ⾳棬һ棬ãû˵˶ˡ
ЩЦǣ϶¶һᡣȴǱʫഺĻ䡣
Ȼް߰ߣ˿ͷ˭ֲ˭ֲ
Ц֣ҲܸоʫＫ⾳

ޱȵİ
̫ںɫĹʣоĶڻˡ

ãڴƽʵ⾳ѹһ͵͵˺ɫ̫
˾㲻ôʶ֣ʲôʫʣҲ֪ζ¡˵ʫһŮӵġ
͸̫ģôʣʫǸһ㣬Ůһ̫
ҲЩһֱ͵͵̫ԭ
Ȼ̫Ѿ빬Ѿ̣ǰʥʵʵûж˼ݡ
ڶ࣬˱Ϊλ̫ƯҲǺࡣ
ʫȴס˲
һʫŮӣһͨɣһǼʫ˵ģ̨ͬӡ
û𣿡
ɫͻȻʵһ˿Ȼζ
ûˡ
С񹧾
ﾲĵģ̫˵ʧ䡣ͻȻʧ̬ˡ
ȴûһ˵ôƯ
һ˵۾ܿԼһ̫ȻС֪ԼƯȴ֪ԼжƯ
ûһ˰˵ôƯ
û˲ϲ˵Լ˵ԼƯ̫Ҳһ
ô𣿡
̫ͻȻЩšʫѸŮ˵̫̫̫ͻȻЩţǸŮԼ
Լôô
Ƿù
̫ͻȻ
ǣ
Сͷİѡš͵˹ʵıԵ̫߹ȥ֣ӹǷġš
ƽʡһ
ֻǿһۣ̫ͻȻͱɫ
СΪʲôû˵ֻеһף

Сһæڵϣѣ
ˡū澲֪ǸһֻҪ
ɫĹֽ̫УڡƽʡĸֵԱߣȷʵһһ֡
Ҳ˵ʫֻ֮һܻ֮ƽʶƽ
ŷﻹʫ𣿡
̫
ûˡū澿ŷֻôһʫ
С˽żɲС¡
ˣҲôȥɣ˶ȥɣ
̫̾Ϣţ˻֡
ǣ
ͷ׷ȥֻߵʱ򣬻̲ס͵͵ƳɫĹ
λȻô
湬ﾲĵġ
ѻݡ
¶Ũ
Ⱥɽͷ
̨·ꡣ
ĺ
ɫĹ̫㱣һǷ⡰šӡ
ʫĶڻˡ
Ͳ˵̫Ǻ֮ǡλεĻڸԼȺ飬빬ʥһ
ΪԼôôԸǺΪġǲ֪Ϊʲôţֽϵʫ̫е֮бˣȻôҲ޲
һԼ˼Լ˺޵أ
ֻ̫һ˿˵ĸо
֮ǰԼڸôԵôΪʲôֻԼԼţ
Ҫʲô
뵽̫иޱȡ


126 ǰƶ󹧣
һҹ̫ʧˡ
ڹڣ̫ת࣬Ժ˼ȥĶסƽһûһʫôдŮӵҲûһʫôŮӵ顣
ЩĿʶǣܸܵʫǼġ
ֽ̫ͻȻЩףǸ·ĹŮΪʲôôĵӣðɱͷĴţʫ
Ӵ󣬶֪ˣҲʵǲģ²֡
̫ǣƽһֻеһףȻеڶףס
һѾôˣڶףֻʲôأ
̫ʧ̬ˡ

湬У̫һסƽʡʱͬһʱ䣬һ籩Ҳš
ûϳʥڼķʽż˳ã鴥ŭȺʹ˵ķԽļҡ
ֺ֧ͷԵμѾ˰Ȼĵز
ʱһЩټƵ۹صĴСռһ飬ֹʥʡ
ؼʱ벻鷢ˡ̫¼ҷߣͬʱҲͻȻѡ˳Ĭ
ͻȻı仯ڳʼϲûΪˡ
һЩʶĴȥݷãȴõһϢ̫빬Ǽġ
Ǿ˽⵽һЩµȻ˵ĺģڳǴõһ˵Ϣ
̫¼飬ʵ
һɲǣ˶ˡ
Ϊ˶֪ԲѡݣҲûбҪѡ
ΪˣĳĬŻڳ͢ڳɾ޴𺳡û֪еʲôһʯǧˣ̬ȺЧǾ˵ġ
׼ΣҲһҪֹ̫빬ֹⳡƹ͢ľ׳硣
һɲǼ䣬󳼣еطԥˡ
ֻԥҲ㹻ˡ
˵ֻҪһԥûа취ԭķˡһʱ䳯Ϸ̫ͻȻ֮Сһϡ
˭ҲûԤϵת

ϲˣϲˣ
湬һɫۣ棬һֻץһۣһ߹Цһߴ
ĳңȻͻȻתˣûзǣ˵ˣ
ϲЦտôӣʱĵʱˡ
ʲô
ɫ̫ߵʱԵҲһ⡣
ҲͰѳ͢﷢˵һ顣
ãǲ֪û͢ﷴǵ˾βǰƶһƬð
üɫ裬˷ܲѡ
ߣʲôһƬã±֮ˣҪʾã
̫˼Ƭ̣ͻȻһ
ʥʣʥּ飬Ѿ֪ڷʾ
ٺ٣Ҳô˵ȻڼҡӰڣǸһȺӦǿǷǳڣĬǿǺϢ
ȵ
̫һȴòϣ˵еȻʥǱȫԲڳǿаӭ빬УΪӡ
ǱϾָ𣬴ĸоܡܹƽƽ빬Ȼò
Ͼ빬УҪλ;Բܲᳯķ顣
ףãõʲô
ۼ⣬͸ʣͻȻע⵽̫ʲôҿȻһš
ţ
һ£оһ˿ͬѰζھʦ֮УþĿף֮⣬ûˣôܻдŸ
ãܿһ𣿡
һֵֻ
̫ԥһ£֪ȵԸֲﵽĿľһţǼˣһ£ЩĽеġƽһ˹ȥ
һʫ
ȴסˡʲôˣû뵽Ȼһʫ
š
ֻ̫ǵ˵ͷ
ͻңҪŪˣ
ȴ˴һ˿ɫŵͷȥʫʣûʲô裬ӻࡣ
ȺóѧҲóʫдüá
ʫȷʵǺʫ˶óһŮ˵ġ
һ߲ǺܸȤķţһ˾䣺

ʲô
һڴĿɿڴ۾Ҫˣ
ôܣ
һŵĿԼáϢʷϲȼֱһɽײһ
һõŶ˵Ǽǰģ⻹֮ǰ£
̫

ͻȻоԼĴԲˡǰһûյ
Ϊʲôʲô
侲ȸеɻѡ
ߣ֮ǰһǲף˵ģҵˡҸոѾ˵ˣˡڿֺǡ
̫֮ǰܵЩίָáлЩԩ
֮ǰ֪ģ̫ðɡ
еţֿһ飬üͷ
Ȼ̫ʫҲóʫЩ˼ĽζãҪ䵽ʥɲʲô°ôʫ
磬ˡֽϵ֣дó𣿡
ϣ̫ȴһЦ⡣ȷʵʫдģ»ⲻЩԷ
̫ҿ϶Ͳּ
ԭıʼ𣿡
ȳֽεЦЦովע⵽ˣʫȻдúܺãʫȴŤŤ˵Щѿ
ֻէԳ͢˽⣬ΪЩּ˰죬ԭдġ
ߣȻдģĴӡ٣ǹĿģ˼ַʽʾǾûġ
̫򶨵
ϵľƣϵĶǰǾԿġڮٺáԳϵķ飬һŮ˳ɳõҩ
ڵȻ̸ʲôͨΣҲѾԲǸģһ֪ʲôŮˡ
ãʵܹʾõĻ˵Ҳһ¡
þ䣬С
óöкܴĲҲ֮СȴһЩͬĿСڶķֵط˻죬ȶ¹͸
ǴƵλȨأȻһʱʥֱ⣬ݰ
óէھʦҲûʲôȻҦǱ֧ԼģȲҵɲ̫ãδؾǵΪ˰Լ
ܹͬʱõĴ֧֣ǶڳеĴͻкܴİ
ķ֮׬Ǯ˭ׯң
Ϊʲô
Ϊ˭˭ڶģׯԶܴСͨԣͨԣ
ȵ˼Ҧ̫ΣգһҷԴǲǶаġ
ߣô࣬㱻ôŹҲ̫ˡ
̫ȴԸݡ
ãô죿
С
磬дһ⣬˵Ѿյһ仰ǰƶҲ
̫˵ţһļڶݺݵļһǾʲġ

̫Ļȷгһ٣ûԸдţǾ˵û׼ĳ׵˺ƤͻЩת徵ء
ã
ֻ˵һ䣬Ͱ̫˵ģתհȥˡ


127 ֪ò
һ¬ܹ͢ܣһȴڡ
ȣ̫ţ¬͢һҪȽ£ʱ֪ͨ⣬һ֪
幫ӣ㵽׸̫дʲô
̫ţ¬ܹ͢
ġǰƶҲ
̶̵һ仰˳ݵζŵȫݡ̫ŷһ㶼֡
ƾǰҵķԣ̫ƿڴϼҳֽǺġؼǣڷô֮˫ĹϵѾǳˣ˵ˮҲݡ
̫ԸţⱾѾ˵Ԥˡ
ʣĲڷá֪ʲôֶΣȻ̫Ĺϵ
ٺ٣ҲûʲôǸ̫дһʫѡ
ٺЦʱķһЩԼ˵Ƣɲ¬ܹ͢ӡ󣬰Լ̫ˡ
ʫ
¬ܹ͢һãȻȫдʲôʫʲôʫܴﵽЧ
ڤڤУܹܶǰɽ˼ͨ˵ķ롣̫дһʫ
κ˶벻
ǣΪʲôõ֪أ
ܹЩɻ
ǰ֪ȴֲɻ䣬ܹҲоЩ˼ά
̫ĻҲˡЩ飬ܲͷܼĸǾ;ͷµӷͣ£ǰæǺ𣿡
ͷЦ
ĻܹܲЦ֪ΪʲôͻȻӺкøС
һУ˵ɡ
ܹܵԸ񣬾ֶɣ׽ˡĸϣܹҲôš
֪Ϊʲôӣܹȴ˲ʲô⣬Ҳûȥɡ
ָܸо
¬ˣˡ
忴¬͢
ǲףСС֪ͣģıʼ
¬͢Цȫһ˾ɫ
ǳ׽ʱҲʮˡϦദкܶ飬ֱӾԸģԲ֪ģһıʼ
֪˺٣֪ΪʲôȻ֪
¬ɡ
ֻЦһߴ¬͢¬͢ɲֹģıʼ֪λ¬ѧʿ͸һǿ鷨ģ
κ˵ֻּҪģ¸߰˷֡ٶһ£ϾΩΩФˡ
˽µһ鷨ģ´ңԼǰλˡֻǣλ¬˵ĵ͵Ҳǳġ
¬͢ҡҡͷȴֽ̺кīȻ˱ʡ
Ȼ֮ǰ˵˵ЦЦ̬ɣձʵһɲǣ¬ܹܵ͢ɫޱȡȻֻһŵǣȴ͢Ŀǰش¼
δܲػ۷壬Ƴô֣Ҧ̲ħܲնϣʥʣԼ̫֮Ѻܲܵõֲ󳼵Ӱ죬Լδĳܻܲ⡭
һо;Щ򵥵Ž֮С
֪һΣܹ⵽һѾ൱ˡ
һжĹ͡
飬Ѿȫûа취ˡֻܼϣϡá̫˵쿪飬붼롣
Ҳֻ壬ţ»˼άֲͬڳˣŸַ˼뷨
幫ӣǸô
¬͢תͷʶһԵ塣
һõĳ͢ѧʿȻһԼСöС˵˼飬¬͢ôˡ
Լûз֣ѾС˺κ
ǰƶ̫ԭ
Ȼ֪̫дʲôȻ֪һֺõĻֻ̫ȴûء
仰ζųļ̸д󲿷ֶҪѡ
Ҫ仰ɲס
Ҫ̫ת⣬ı̬ȣ͸ϼѡ
ɲһ׵顣
ȴƺ֮ǰԤϵ̫ôظԿأи
¬͢һ

Ļ¬͢Ŀɿڴ
̫ðɣ
ʲô̫õģ¬ֻҪ룬ֲûϵ𣿡
йЦ¬͢һһֱҷԴͨԣ㽫һˡ
¬ˣһҪȥ鷳ˡ
˵ţЦﳤȥ
ֻ¬͢ںϳ
¬ˣ⺢ӵ˵ʲô
ܹһԺ
Ϊʲôҽйȴ֪ͨˡ
¬͢ЦͰѸոյ˵˳
ܹҲʧЦѡûа¬͢Ѿ߿˵
Ǻ˵Ҳû£ȷʵʺϵ³档¬ѧʿµൣŵ㡣飬鷳ˡ
ܹһȻҲˣ¬͢һڴ
¬͢ЦĬƬ̣պպīһڻǰ˵ģģĿǣдһš
͵湬ȥ


ݹɫ㣬òӣˣСǰͻ֪òˣˡ
Ϊǧ֮Ϊǧˣ˫˫СΪԱǧ֮ҵҲΨ﷽֮֮
ΨԸ²ţ£ʹǣһβҵ
ǰȻҲ޻ΨԸͱ°ͷϣ湬
ϡ
湬̫ţһʱɴסˡ֮ǰǷţȻֻȼ䣬ȴ֮ܡ
̫ΪļȻᲪȻŭû뵽Ȼһš
ãдʲô
⣬ȿֽĬĬ̫צģ治ѡյ֮һֱվﲻԲ
ʵں棬дʲôȻʹ
Լɣ
̫һŵ˹ȥ
⣬⡭
ȿţĿɿڴ
д𣿡
ǰ
̫ĵıʼϵõġȷȷʵʵıʼɡȵó
ֺֹǾʱ򣬶ǳ⡣ǰһʫŸǳ
ŵʱ̫̲סȥ룬ѵΪ֪ĳ࣬ŷôı仯
ƫƫĿַǳϣ̫ûȥɡ
ңΪòıڳϵ̬ȣⱾǶŮӺ˲һ
һŮӵòǶķСûŮӲԼòΪ١̫Ҳһ
γкܶĲһ̣ȴͻȻ޲ˡ
ֲЦˣһԼˣ̫ȥǺޡ
ʵǵ˵ⷭҲΪ
ȳƬ̣ܿ侲ȻķЩ㣬ȲΪĻжٵĿ
ôСɫȻɫ˵ӡԽԽƯԽԣʱͬ˿ʱ򣬶̲סв
Դλصʿ֮˶֪С֮֮񡱡
˶ôӴˡ
õˣҲֻԼ֪ˡ
ãԼʱ򣬻ֻʮ꣬Ѿǳ㣬ɫˡô꣬˵ʵڵóʲôӣȶûм
ŹڵţȶԵü


128 ¶
ʲô˼ԿŲһ
ûȥ֮ǰǷšʱоһŵıʼȫͬ
һŤŤдĶáһ⣬ǿ㡢پзǣȫͬһдġ
ңʫΪʲôĴӡŪʲô飿ңʫǴвףѵͲ𣿡
һĲ⡣
Ҫˡ
̫˵ƽһɲǵ¶ʵġصʲôʵѾҪ
̫ʵֻһ㡣סƽʡ˭дģûƽʶƽ

̫ĵڶţյˡ¬ܹ͢ΧһڽοϾͷ̫Ƿš
һģŤŤġƽһ
̫ţġƽһŷѾһʱˣ˿ֿ˵ľʡ
ʫȷʵǺʫֱǱ佫̳þȻʫ֮ţʵ̾Ϊֹ
¬͢ȴ˼žϵʫԼʫѣޣĺ˴еļѵ֮
¬͢Ҳòϣʫʫѹ͢ʿġ¬͢
ֻǣ֪Ϊʲô¬͢˵ⷭʱϵıȴǾ֮
ȷʵǺʫ
һԣ˵ͷϵıͬľԡ
֪Ȼ壬̫дһ˼ĽЩůʫ
¬ܹܵ͢棬ʵ֪顣
¶ûɴûɹ
Ȼ˼Ľ̫ʫдģʵģʫǵĸǵĿĴӡҲ˵һϵûС
ã幫ϻۣʫдŤŤһ֪ǵֱʡҲϴɣɴ˲ᡣ
¬͢˼
ʫдġȻǳ幫ӾͲһŲʮ̫꣬ҪСöࡣĽ֮飬ǽ·Ҳ˵ʲôֻ˵˵飡
һ棬幫Ϊ¿ν˼ȫ涼Ѿǵˣ
˵¬͢ипѡЩ飬ֻеȵʱ򣬲ŻΪʲô
Ҫӡ̫дţȴǿʱǻûĪ֪嵽ʲô
ʴһУʵ涼Ϊǡ
꣬ⷽ˵ǾĽˣ
⺢ȷʵˡ£Ϊ֮У⺢ӻԴ࣡
ܹҲڵ
ܹܺٿڣڣӵзǷķܹܵĻЩġ
ܹܴ󲿷ʱ䶼СġҪĳˡ
⻹һܹԼƼĳˣ˻һʮġСӡ
Ȼҵĵӣܹܵӡǳá
ʱż͢ﲻѾѵӪ˵һǳţʱҵƸ⺢ӱȥɡ
Ц
ǡ
ܹܵͷ
ѵӪɱ¿ڣ۹״˵۹е壬Һŵӵܡ
Ϊޣ˾ǳңԶ˵Ľſݡƣһоȫͬˡ
¬ѧʿ̫£Ϊô죿
Ťͷһߵ¬͢
ǺǣºαؾᡣȻûֱõ¿ţȻӦôȥ²عǣֱӸ̫ͿˡҲϴɣԺӻ
¬͢
סƽһдû⣬ǻʹ⡣٣Ľ˻˼ĽǺģû˻˵ʲô
ǻǾǻᱻʷǵˡѿ֮ǰϴˢɾ
˼ȻҲ
ǡͰ˵İɡ
˵ͷȴ겻ѡ̫ţһǼڶʣֵ˼Լ˲١
ԣĲԲã
ֻҪ̫Ϊ빬ǣŭԼͳеڳҦҾͺ̫ڳ
ҲԽµĳС

Ļźܿ쵽湬̫һ֪ƽһ˭
壿
֮УֽǸ֣̫üͷɴδ
˵⣬ġ
ǸдƽһˣʵǲôȤġȤֻжķӶѡֲֻöѡ
ֻǣͻȻ֮塱֣͵һ¡
ãո˵ʲô
Ȼһ飬ͻȻʵ
壡
ĸ壿
˵ӵܣ佫ֱ֮ӡ
ˣ
һ͵۾һԾɫͻȻ֣ʵ⧲ĸо
ôʶ
̫оʲôһĳԾ
˵Ǹϵӣǿʶˣ
ĵ˵ͷо˵Ĺ졣ڤڤУǸ¥Լס󣬶˵Լһǧƽꡣ
û뵽ԼȻٴ֡
ôܣ
͵۾𶯲СǺӺʮɣµһдĺʫ
ҹؼǣΪʲôдţ
ѵ˵ӻӲɣ
ôһɲǣȸоԼԶˡּĸо
ô£
̫Ȼ⡣
ûзϣʶǡôܣֽŶãôܾʶԼдʫǸˣ
ãǵҸиɵӸһǧƽ𣿡
ֱӵ
ǵãôˣ
ǸɵӾͽ壡
ȵ

̫Ҳסˣ
˵дʫǸֻһʮĺӣ
šȷʵҵĻ
ȵͷ
ôܣ
̫о첻ѡ
ȫ޷ţǸдġƽһǸͬӣ¶˼Ľ֮ˣȻֻһʮˡ
ŤŤּм˼Ľ̫ȴˡ
Ǹдƽһֻһʮ꣬дŤŤּͲΪˣ
Ҫǣʫдģ²顣һʮģԼдģǾͷûʲô
ֻ̫ôҲ벻ףһֱ湬СǺӵô֪ģ
ͷԺӹһΣ̫ͻȻǸδıġ塱ǿҵĺġ
ʲô꣬һǧ
ʲô꣬дʫʣζԼ˼Ľ
ؼǣŻһʮĺӰ

̫ͻȻǿҵȤ


129 δġѵء
̫ĶԴӡָ˵һ֮ʹ꺣¡ֱ⡣
үҪȥﰡ
ïܵأҰݶظˡ߷ǳ㣬꺣¡棬һ·ն϶λ˲١
뾩ʦԶˣҰݴӲݱأĴǳߡ˸壬ʼʱ˵үҪԪͦ˷ܡ
⼸췢־Ͳô¡
ӵһɽүƺһֱڴתתȥ
𼱣طȻ֪ˡ
һ˵ţһǰΧľľҰݡȻ꺣¡ڴɽתתȥȴһ㶼û¡
񾢡ĹֻͬҪѵһصԪڶϣͿԲڵϣ˹֮УȻԴԪ
ΨһĲǣߵʱ񾢵ĹЧûôǿˡȻǺˡ
ĸоߵʱһĸо
ɽУֲïʢȻȳǳؿϺܶࡣ
а
񾢡ԶںŹƼΪһɲûеġ
幦ǳߵʱ񾢵ĹЧǾʱҡʵ
ﵽʱ˯ŵʱ򶼿
ġ
֪ܲҵǸ
նһ·ǰеʱԺзɿһͷ
Ѱһ꺣¡ڴɽתתȥԭ򡣾ǵЧһ֪˲࣬ȴ֪ġ
ԪֵططϡΪʲôûֻ֪֪γӦú;Զ֮ǰصγйء
ܱ٣Ҳ󲿷Ѿռˡҵһͬ
ԶҪǿĶࡣ
ֻΪĳЩԭ򣬴ܲԺܶ궼û˷֡Ҫ¶ҪȺ֮ܶЩ뾩ʦʱ
ǹɽ緢㣬ӵص籡ʱ򣬺ܶ˶ˡϧǸʱѾˡ
ɽ񹦵ʱ򣬼ʶ˷˵Ӵ
ʦΧĵסǹڣûзһص塣
ҪͣǰעΧûжߡ
ɽļɻǶߡ书Щ綾ĶҧһڣҲǱɡ
ûбҲûԭġ綾Ķ߾ԭ֮һ
Լǵߣط࣬Ҳҵġ
ѷߵ񽻸꺣¡һѰλá
񾢡ԪĲǳУ⼸죬ڴɽתתȥͨ񾢸ӦԪŨȱ仯ȦĴ·Χ
ʱ䣬ѾȦ˶ϡھͲһλˡ
ˣ
֪˶ãԺеһһλĿ̽һλһԺиֳƬɽĵεòλҲʹȷˡ
ߣǱߣ
ͻȻָһ򣬴꺣¡ֱȥ
ȷķΧһƬȺɽŴƬ˫˺ϱĴƬȫһӡ
ǼǵġУоһ˿ϤĲȻ΢ȷȷʵʵɡ
֪һǳ⡣ѾҵҲо
ֻߵɽͷϣʱܸоŨԪ
꺣¡Ѹɽͷȫһ飬Լʱ֮󡪡
ˣ
꺣¡ٴεһɽͷͻȻ֮䣬ԺһһϤġζܵд
ɲȴɽźطŨʮϡ
ҵˣ
пϲѣ
꺣¡һƬҪһƬԺҾ书ˡ
꺣¡࿴һۣүΪʲôô˷ܡ
￴Ԫ΢ŨһЩʲôҲоѵүҪҵľ
ж첻ѡ
ɻ󣬵ȴΥ
ǣү
˳ϵĳܿ찴ķԸȥһߴһ߿ΪɽͷһƬ
ȵƬǾ֪Ϊʲôѡˡ
˱ӰЦ
ֲ֪⣬ﺬʲôʣʹ赲ܹܵİٲһ
꺣¡ڻɻ󣬵ȵɽͷһ֮ǾͲôˡ
ԼʱһªɽС˳С͵У˶ڵ񾢣ԵĸоһɹɱɽŨöԪӽԼӿ
书ֹ񾢣ܵõ
ҼǵطӦûû
һһĬĬ˼
˰˾ʱ䣬ҵ⴦ĿǰΪֹӦûû˷
֪ԼϵĽɽ֣Ҳע⵽ġ
ϵûзʲô鶼ûС㷢ˣͻ˳ִĸߡ
һҵϡڶ˼ĸࡣ
꺣ҼǵӦûǻɽ˹㻹ǵһȥ˴£ҰΧɽ
ͻȻ

Ļ꺣¡һƵ۹ĻȫЩɽġ
۹Ļɽԡ
ǰ㸶ǮС
ɽͷķܹ󣬸˵ɽġ빺Щؾ˵ĿãǺüֵķǾ;㱾ġ
ɽķ÷ͬСɣЩҴ壬Ҳô
үɽǲСȫһʺܴķá
ǰүյ۹Ĺأÿ²ڰֻʮʱ䡣
꺣¡Ȱ衣
ǿƬɽʵûʲôǮֵûôǮ۹ķɺ⣬κɽʱƵġ
ǿʮﾡڹ⡣ڶǶ١Ҳ¡ȵʮֵ¹򣬶Ҳˡ
үѵп𣿡
꺣Сȥֻˡ
ǺǺǣǡ
ҡҡͷһָЦ
ǱȿĶ
磬ҪԼˣıƺˣͱӵԼ
ҲСԼѰҼĽ̹ٵԭ
һģ뷨ûγȫϵڸոһͻȻ֪ԼġѵӪӦ÷ˡ
СЩ̹ٽͷҹõĻءֻҪԼ취˲ţʵɿˣͿƾ̵ʱڣЧʵѵһһĸ
һһԼΪԼõ˲
ԼǰͳЩһ
Լδġѵء


130 Ԫ߽ף
꺣ܿȥ
Զɽʹشأ죬ǳľ
忴һۣܿջ۹⣬۾ɽϥ£񾢡
ԪԶɽŨĶ֪࣬ͻƵԪ߽׵ٶҪԶھʦĶࡣ
ʱȥϵܿ챻ԺһרĵԼϡɭ֮У徲ÿһΪ϶нÿȥһ죬Ͼ;һ㡣
ѧϸӵǿ󣬴ԪٶȣҲǡ󹦡ѧɱȡ
ΪǰĩյĻһѧԽ棬ԽЧԽǿ
¡ΪվΧԽԽȡĽļֱţнǱĬЧϵĽֱۿü
¡ھж꣬ûм
үĵʲô书ǿ
¡оȲѡ
ÿĸоһÿһ춼øӵǿ¡꣬ʶ㣬ûмǿѧ
оȣ¡ȴûжʡһ¡Ѿ̫಻˼顣
κ鶼н͵ġ¡ү书ʮа˾ǡŹ˼ʹġ
ֻСŹ˼ҲŻôѧ
岢֪¡뷨ȫ֮СãԶеĶࡣ
ЧԪۣһԱȵѰϡڵԪһ˿˿һƣϸ˿ϵĻۣۼСָϸ
Ѿоһʱ䣬ͿԴﵽԪ߽ˡΪﵽԪ߽ףԪͻڶĵ࣬ɹ衢ƤѪ⵹ࡣ
ﵽһȫļͻӵǿͣطڵϣͻøӵ޳ȳơ
ڵԪҲøӵۣ
֪ȥ
¡
ͻȻ֮䣬ںȻһ𣬰һĴ죬ڵԪͻԪףﵽԪ߽׵ĵز
ԪͻƵͬʱȻҲ㣬ڲܵ£Ӳİθ֡
屾޳͵ģθ֮󣬶ʱԵøӵϸȳƣ
Ԫ߽ףԪ߽ףүͻȻԪ߽ˣ
һϲԴƾաߡͬʱ¡ͬʱ˷ܵĽ˳
۾һۿľ¡˷ܵı顣
ΪͻƵԪ߽ףһԵ塰ߡΪԵס¡ΪˡϤˡ
š
Цŵ˵ͷһʹӵվһվͿˡԭͬûʲôġ
θ֮˱øͦΣʮꡣľ¥ݵˡ

¡´壬ڵ壬Ϣ֮ǰǿˡ֮Ҳûвǰôˡ
үүҪ֪ôľһ˲ѡ
¡˵ţͻȻһȭ塣
飡
ʯ֮䣬ȭ𣬾ȻӲһȭȭȣһӴ¡ϱ
޴ɳȥڰһշӲֱ׹
ǧ׹үĴﵽԪ߽ף
¡йâһԽľȡ
ǧ׹Ԫ߽ߵһɡΪﵽԪ߽ףྭԪͿ۵ŵףܰļеƣӶѸٵĴӿбֱ׹
ǡǧ׹ûʲôǣʵս֮УֿûõļȴѸٵĸı켣ӶһЩĹ
ᡰǧ׹ûʲôŸոյִԪ߽ףܰһСǧ׹ʹ磬˾ˡ
ֿ¶ûô硣
үٽһУ
¡ԽԽȣ˵һ̤һڵڿնֱ׷ȥͬʱһоͨľȭɱǡֱ֮ȥ
¡ҿɲ
Ц
֪¡̽ԼһҲʾڵһȫ纣ӣһֱ۶ȥ
¡
һȭ䣬ȻǱ¡ľɳȥ¡ҲԺˣ飬զ಻ѡ
һȭӣĲ˼顣ԶԶԪ߽׷롣
̫ǿˣʱգֽүǰ;Ȼ
Ȼ飬ۣ¡ȴ˷ܲѡүΪԽߣҵĽŻԽ
ү֪Ϣ϶˲Ѱɡ
үҲǰǸ桢竵үˣ
ˣˡ̫ǿˡͲԪ߽׵ģ
¡֣е
ֻ֣ٴȥǶˡԪŽ۷ΪӮҲûʲô˼
ٺ٣ҲãҲûˡ
忿һòĴٺЦ񾢣Զ߽׸ǿĶࡣ
¡Ϊոͻƣ󣬿ѹסǿ¾ʹشġ
ǿϧȭ̫
а
ȭܴ󣬷¡ԽľŲ۷ĸֶֿܵСҲͬģǺܺ
忿ŴϢƬ̣Żָ
ʵͻƵԪ߽ףһľǽһʵ
ﵽԪ߽ףҿŽˣ
аȴһŽ
κѧǸֻҪͿԽһ׷߲εĶˡ
ʶ뵽ľǽ
ֿȭôҲ򲻹нֵġң˺ͣȸֽԺ󣬽ҲȻȻĳΪ˽һѡ֡
Ҫǣȭһǿޱȣ˺ǿǶȴȭô
Ժд˷ȻľһŽ
һն
֮Լܽᣬһ硣ȭ֮ʺԼĽǡһն
žѧࡢЧɱǿǿĿǰľ磬޶ȵĽÿһʵӳ
ҪǣŽޱȣ糱ˮһ㣬ֺֿݣ಻ϣ޷赲
ֻҪûռȻһбѹƣһнһУѹƵһֱ׵նɱ
ӦģΪǿҲѡҪǣһնҪܸߡ
Ԫ׵ΪǲеģҪﵽԪ߽ײС
Ž
Ժд˷Ѹٵ¶˾ġ
͡ȭͬһնں֮ѪսһδεУġ
һնŵ㣬廨޾Ѫ󾫵Ľ
Լѧ࣬һն֮һԵģԭķ
ھУҪеĵͼ٣鳤ʲٵ˳ٵͨУξһͳͳѧġ
һնһһֱϵĿȫڹķΧ֮ڣǹƴݻ࣬һֱնһΪֹ
ĩʱڡһնµĶ֣֪٣Ϊսϣŷɥɱһľѧ


131 ʵǿģ
ѧͬһնԼġ
Ĵԭо磬ѭ塭ÿһÿһΣ嶼ָơľѧԶѧҪöࡣ
ŲĴ߶ڲԪʼڿһȫµ·
·Ŀٲףѷḻⷽľ顣ҪɰǧŻѧĵط˵ܹӵ׵ɡ
εΣܹȫɹ
Դѧĺô
ȻףǵḶ́ҲǼѡ
ˣ
ͳĺܿ죬ͽ˹žĽ
үڿȫˡүҪǿԲŵġ
¡Ӧ΢ЦԶߵ˸廤
ɽϣָֻƽ֮С
֪˶ãһڲͨˡһնѭҪͨһЩ֧ϸڣͻȻ֮䣬һϸ΢Ӷд
ˣ
ɽȥֻŲԽԽԷƺû
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬ïַܵ϶忴һϤ
Ȼ꺣
Ц
꺣һȥģʱȴһˡǴһЩҵĸϵĻһЩྫŸ첲һ˹ߣԣȺɽгѵء
ǺǺǣүɽѾ㶨ˡһƬȫˡ⣬Ҳˡǿ޽ˡ
꺣ܺãһ£һ֡
ˡ
ҲЦֹǹߣ忴ǻʳ
ף
ͻȻһףߵ꺣ڷ˲һ
үκһˣ
ǰ
ЦϴɽԪףڱԪ߽ףȻһҪ꺣ͻȻ֮䣬ɫһ䣬һǿҵΣոд
Сģ
ǿҵľһ˺աͷ­͵̧ͷŤȥ꺣ұߵһ֮С
ͬʱ꺣¡ҲҵĻɫ䡣
ĸŮݿͣ
үСģ
˴ʧɫ˭Ҳû뵽ϮŮݿ;Ȼر꺣ְֻڣһɫѿޱȡ
㷴ӦٳٶҲ֪طأŮݿһǸڱһ·׷ٹġ
ϧôãһûС
ӣ
꺣¡һͬһţҲ룬һ볯ֵķȥ
ǲĶ֣
役ȡ
ȡﻹࡣǣסŮݿ͡
ߣ㵹֪֮
һߴд˵ţУֱ֮ಣҶҡһӰ֮ұߵ֮мĶһ㣬죬һ㣬ۣȫԤ⡣
жûдȺɽ֮У죬ȫʤʩչĻ경Ҫƽ֮бĪĶࡣ
飡
Ӱ꺣һƤһɳȥûκĶ֡
ಣ
ֻһΣŮݿ;ͱʵ飬ɵĻι꺣¡ֱȥ
ǰǰһʱ䶼ֱͷƤ飬ǿҵв
ˣ
û˿ԥ붼û룬һնȴǳŮݿնȥһͬһŵԶȥ
һ֣Ůݿ;侳ĸ֡㼯֮ҲԲĶ֡
ģ㻹𣿡
оӰΣƥĽ⣬Ҳ̲סͻȻ˷ƬȺɽ
ƺǻӦɽ֮УһĴͻȻ
ְɣ
¡
δ䣬ɵĵطһɰͻȻ֮䱬¡ֻһ춯صľ죬ƺƣŮݿͷ½ϣһն棬ͺնһεǽ޴ɳȥ׳ȥʮԶ
ģ
꺣¡ͬȰͻȻֵӰһˡ˲Ǳˣڡĺ֮ҡǧƽӶˡ
ĹӶ۸ײ˵һѵƹأʲô߾ߡ
˵һǮˡ
꺣¡ĵĻĵĲǹӶһӶֻһλү
˱ǼӶģֲֻүƢ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽ʧô֮󣬾Ȼر¡Ǹңɽ֮дʮ졣
ôõʱ䣬Ȼһ㶼ûľڸ
¡
꺣˼ʱһϯɽ֣۾𲻿ŮݿͼʹĻ경ɽָӵĵΣƹģֱ壬ٴαĽ
ɽֵģҵսһ
ɽеģ꺣Ĳѡһ̵չֳʵĺ֮ǼҲ¥Ҫǿĺܣ
ү˸ǿĻһΪ뿪ˣ
꺣ľѡ
һ̣оүľǶԵġǧƽ࣬αȵù˵
ⷽ棬ү˵۹̫ˣ
ɢɢͳͳɢ
ͻȻ꺣ӦʲôæеģŮݿͣ侳ǿߣʵ̫ˡ
磬ϣֱһ
ּսЩԵֵ˵ġ
ңæȥ
꺣¡Ҳҿ̫׷ȥ侳սǿòȻ
үСģ
꺣¡һ߻Щһ߳Զе
š
ֻӦһȴûжʵﵽŮݿּĻ경ɱɣɽֵط˵ûʲôơ
ոյսѾ˵⡣
Ŀȫⳡ侳ǿ߼սСɽУƺƣƮɵҶ
֮ǰΪ˿еġѵھ˲һм˽ֵϯĵǣģߣټЩֺܼľ嶼˵ʲôΡ
ֻϱӵ۽硢顢ʶڣ廹Լܿ㶫
Ůˣеְ
΢΢۾ȻΣȴܸоŮݿϢЩҡ
ʵϴμʱƺҲ
ѵĻ경ȱݱˣ
аɻ
Ļ경һĹΪԽߣȱԽ󡣵˺棬߻ħ
ĳ̶ֳϣʵһеλλߵķ
Ļ경Ȼȱݣ˽⣬Ҳûô챬
ң֪ΪʲôŮݿ͸ĸоƺϻһЩˡֻѹס˶ѡ
˹ˣҼǵϴΰûдġ
Ʋѡ
ס𣿡
ƺƣĵ봫ŮݿͣĵԱȽײ׽ġ
Ϣɽһ㣬ԲӦ䣬ܶŮݿʩչĻ경ĸ޷׳һ


132 ǹ
ģ
ĿйâһͻȻڵ
ĲѾܿˣһģಣŮݿһıһɲǼʮɵľ롣
һΣûٻضԣһʩչĻ경֮ͷҲصȥ
ߣ
ĿһҲ룬˶ȥ
һȣ
סģûÿڣѾ˳ŶŮݿʧķ׷ȥ
ȵ忪ڵʱѾӰֻɽХ磬ƮҶ
ÿ죡
ȥƻջءŮݿ͵ٶȹȻܿ죬ĵٶҲ
ȫߵĲͬٶȾѧ
һʧͻȻ˶ݵĿռš
үô죿
¡ʶĿ塣ĻûŮݿͣζڻȫ
үԲ𣬶Ұˡ
꺣ͷһɫ
˷ܣֻɽѹûзʲôʱŮݿ͸ٵġ
ڲ̸ʱ򡣡
˰֣⣺
Ůݿʵϵûɣû㣬ҲķʽǵġǲɽǡĻһᱻټġȥĺ֮ҹӶģҲΪ˷ֹ
ڣҪǵĻǽǸô죿
˵¶˼ɫ
ȥ̫ˣ߳˷ĿյŮݿ͹ȻʵģʤĻ경ݿ;ѧ䣬ȺɽֵĻҲʩչĻ경а
һʱ֮䷴ò
үҪ뿪ɣѾȫˡ
¡ͻȻڵ
ǸŮݿʵ㤣ûаȡУذϹԪǣƾǵʵŮĶ֡
ɽֻúǴһƹǡȣʮ꺣¡ϲ
У
Ҳľ;ܾˣ
ٵ̫Զˣûиһʱ䣬ˡôʱ䣬ôԶ·;Ǹ߲Ƭɽ֡Ҳɱᣬˡ
ңˡô죿
˵һָָ꺣򡣸ոյͰŴˣһɪɪ
꺣¡״Ҳüͷ
˵ĲûеǾٶ̫һ춼߲˶ԶǡɽççҲ˵֪֪ʱ·ĻȺͿܸǴܴΣ
ʳ޵ģһǳʳƬɢˡôɱҲûʲôˡ
֪֪ʲôӡ
ȴܡ
ɣ
˼Ƭ̺
Ѿȥ׷ˡ׷ܿͻҲܼʱҵǡڣҲֻǲǰȫˡ
лһ仰û˵Ůݿ͵һ֮
Ľ¿һϡĴ֪ҴԸΪ˸ѪĴۣҪˡ
ĻŮݿ͵ͱ취
꺣¡ΧľһȦĻ경óʹֻҪЩľĻ경ʹۿۡ
ͻȻ
ǣү
꺣¡˵ͷҲõİ취ˡȻǶŮݿ͵Ķ֣ǿһȦľǺġ
ֻҪ˼һƽ棬Ǻ֧һġ
ү˵˰ɡϽһȦ
꺣¡˵
һأΣ£˵ĻԶܸߡ߶ֳɵģһ׷ж
˷׷׿ΧľٸŮݿͽʱҲûš
ȥΧһ
а
ǵסŮݿ͵ģ֪İ취ڸɽ뿪ΧϸϸĲ쿴һȦ
ھһбµʱ۾ͻȻһ¡
Ȼֶ
忴б´һ꿪ɫСİСľֲһ泭¼ԲԲĹӣȻˣɽȥ

ִɽãҲƬ̵ʱͻȻһɳɳ
ˣ
ģģ̫ˣ

˴ϲ꺣¡ҲһһֱֻҪڣһоȫû⡣
ʶǿʵ˶ѾǾԵΡ
ץŮûУ
꺣лϲȱ˹ȥ
һȣ
棬ֻüͷоЩס
ٺٺ١
ͻȻһŮЦ˵Ĺ죺
ܿϧҲǵ
ľķ϶УһӰһɫ£һѳȻ񻣬ǿ˵Уȴںɫһ㡣
ಣ
û˿ԥâһŮݿֱֳֳ꺣ȥٶޱȡ
꺣Сģ
ˣСģ

˿һĻŵϡ
ϣ
¡Ҳ룬˹ȥһӰǷӦ졣
ǶŮݿ͵ɲǣѾ֪ˡ˻ûзӦʱѾһСһնȥ
һնһɲǼٶȣѷɫκεٶѧй֮޲
һƷٶ¡ǶҪöࡣ
䣡
һն󷢶ͬһƥһ㣬ڶŮݿ꺣֮ǰѸһһնĵϡ
ﬣ
ǰ鷿﷢ٴˡֻâһؽŷ˳ȥ
ȸֽķǰûжֵܹ

ŮݿĿһϣͺϻεצһһ̣Ŀһǿҵɱ
ͣ
һһϢӶŮݿڱһֻŰؽֱȥһֻѸٵѸٴһöĶذף߰ȥ
Ϊݿͣٶȡݣȱһɡ̶̵һɲǣֻܷһݿȴܷЩԲܱȵġ
ಣ
ùǶŮݿ־ڱصõһȻաξƥһȻڲܵڿշ𡣽͵һһҵʹӼ
Ůݿˣ
һɲǣŮݿͼֱԼ۾ȻˣһԶԶ
ûмĽʩչĽֱδţδ
Ҫɱ㣡
޴߳ܡ𾪺ͷŭӼһ𣬶ŮݿȻˣһӴԪڱ
ү
ס
Ҳү

˵ʱ٣ʱ죬꺣ײڶŮݿϣ¡Ļ
˶ƴȫ
Сģˣ
ͻȻе
ˣҲһɱ㣡
Ůݿҧе¡һɰ꺣¡ˣȫɳȥ
Ůݿ˦ɼˣֱ˶ȥ
ɱǾɣ
еһն˾һɫƥһ㣬ʮȥ󣬶Ůݿͽ׷ᡣ
һΣ꺣¡Ƕо˳Ůݿȷʵˣ͸ոȣٶûôˡ
ϸȥĶҲЩ
Ĵˣ
һԺӹͻȻ֮׹Ȼ׷ȴҲɹĻ
ڵʵȻ˲١
Ļƾ˵ʵովͲֻǱôˡ


133 £
ã
ͻȻ꺣һֱ³ŮݿһУȻûйǻϣǿȥ
һȺֶŮݿ͵Ķ֣·
үΣգҿֹ
˿ΣգĳŶŮݿȥǱͲٶ͵ߣȵòŮݿ͡
ߣ
ŮݿЦһûпһЩŵڵĻҪ׷ǲŹˡ
ֻһ塣
ֻΨһɺ޵ǣСӲ֪ʹõʲôٶޱȣʹ÷Ҳ֪κιȫͬı仯Ȼ˿Ļ경ѷɫ
Լɽ֮УһʱȻ׷ϣ
ҿӣ
ŮݿͰҧǸǿ׵ĻѾʱڸ뿪ңˣֻҪԼĲӣҲͶͷԼ
飡
ҽһľͰֵĴһ̤ŮݿͽʹҪ֮ȥͻȻ֮һƺߣһ̣˳ԾĿУŮݿͻȻ֮䣬ȫܿƵĴϵˤڵϡ
У
ͬʱһڲУΪһͷߴһѸٵ֮Уʧ
СģǺߣ
󷽣һ򾪽гָߵߣ㤡ЩĻ֪ȴǡǡ֪ġ
߾綾ޱȣѪ
ߣǶߣ
꺣¡ҲӦɽʱүͶ˵ﶾ߶࣬ҪСĶߡ
û뵽жߣҧĲǣŮݿ͡ŮݿͲ֪ǳŹ߾ɽнʹɡɡȥû뵽Ȼҧˡ
ʵǱӦ
꺣¡ϲ˰γڻͱȥŮݿΧסǣȴΧ
֮棬˭Ҳ֪Ů׻жʵʱж
õģûǸˡ
һֱһնȥܶŮݿ͵׷ɱʱһȴɵĴ
һͬʱСĵĽĵһЩ˳ȥ
㰵ң
ŮݿͷӦһĻҲӦּ鷿ʱ̵ֲ֪ʲôֶһ߰
ǰζһʵԶԼ߰㣬öŮݿͼֱ̡
ݿ֮ľǽֶΣֻҪɱԷСʮ꣬ԼҪ·
һɱԷݿͣĿ갵㡣ҪǴȥûбҲҪͬЦ
ŶĻ߶Ŷ
ٺЦһ˵ţһ˹ȥͬʱǹʵпζ
쵰
ŮݿôɫѿޱȡķңƴһУɱ壬ȴƫƫʹ
˵ûԽԷԽ졣
ڣõ촽ˡ
ŮݿʲôҲˣֻһֻűҧϷͼַͨʽӻԵķ
ԭŮѾǿ֮ĩˣ
Ůݿɫڣ֪˵Ĳ١꺣¡˷һǰֵֽŮݿ͵Ĳӡ
ҪɱҪı㣡
Ůݿӣ۾Է˵ֿ֮ǰĵսоܵصڸˣֱ綾ֶҧˣѾȫʧȥ˵ֿ
ȻвʣˣҲ޻˵ˡ
ϧˣұһ
ͻȻһ̾ϢӸһ˺ϱһ۵Ĵ˳
Ȼĺ֮ҼûۣǧĻƽˮƯһûκε֡
ģˣ
¡ͻȻ֮䷴Ӧзŭѡ
ˡһֱûô뿪һֱڸѡ
ĵ㳲һ˹
㻹֣
꺣Ҳŭˡ
ǺǣģһֱڸҲвңүҲܳɹⲻһõ𣿡
㣡
Ҫȴ˵
ЦĿӹԶ壬ȴ̲סһ¡ûʲôɽ֮ơ
֪ŮݿҪԸһı˼ֻҪΣգͿԼʱĲ룬ֹⳡս
Ľȴʷϲģ
֣ԼͽʵףɱûŮݿͣ
ģ㻹Ǹϧ֮ͽ
ȴ֪ĵ˼һ˵ţһߵЦ
ϧɱûõġǸҪԸˣ绹˹ġѵӾͲ֪˭𣿡
ĵ
ǾͲˡΪѾ֪˭ġ
嵭
һ仰ĺ͵жĶŮݿ뿴˹
ԭˣˡ
˵ţ˿վһߣ˵֣ԼεĹԼĻҪǵĶĶࡣ
ߣɱɱôʲô
ŮݿŭкǲߡһŭˣʹȫŮݿֻǰһڣ˹ȥ
֪˶ãƺֻһɲǣַ·ͣŮݿڴӺڰָ֮ʶ
һԶƽ
үΪʲôҪŮĿǸΣշӣ
ɱʲôأҲֻǸ߶ѣ
ǣǺΣհҪٴγô죿
Ǻǣİɣ
ǸЦţƺ˰ֹ֣ⳡۡ
һƣĸоȫӿŮݿһâ͸롣һۣŮݿ;ͿΧæµţ
Ȼ󣬶Ůݿ;Ϳ˲Զֶ壬¡Լոľǵ
ûɱң
ŮݿڷӦһľ㵡
ͻȻѸٵ˵ע⡣
Ǻǣˡ
ЦЦع
ˣ
ŮݿʶҪվһ̣һսĸоӸŷ֣Լȫ󣬱εһŴϡ
ߣΪǸŮݿͣŲһɱ㣡
¡͵Ĵ󲽳߹һ׼Ůݿ͵ࡣոջɳ۵գһӾͽ
˷㾲Ŀ׷˹
ɱɱΪ𣿡
ŮݿͷŤһߡ
ߣΪҲ𣿡
¡˵žҪѽݽȥ֮ǰսȻûŮ£˶ǹ˲ʵġ
Ůʵʵ̫ǿһֱȡү˱ˡ
ˣſɣ

ȻЩʣ¡ǳһŮݿϵһһϡŮݿ;ɲֱۣŷϵ߶֪ʲôʱ򱻽ˡ
ΧɢŴƬƬ֪ҩݺһЩɫҶƬּ֭Һ˵棬ƺһܷӵŽ⿪Ķ
ڵԪȴûȫָûһ
ôң
ŮݿͿŲԶ壬Щš


134 ĳ
ѵΪ㻹ֲܶɣ
¡Ůݿ͵˼һԺܲ
¡һ䣬ɽնȻһ䣬Ŀ˷˹һĿرǿ
Ůݿ˳ǵĿȥһۿҲֱߵĻˡпһŴ˫ֱۣĬĬĿԼ
Ůݿһ֪Ϊʲô᲻ԼˡλڣԼ״̬κεĻᡣ
߰ɣǿɲÿζôϧҲóЩʵǺԸµġ
ĵĿӹŮݿͣرʡ
ŮݿĿ˼£ڴӵվоɲЩЩģһһĵȥ
һֱߵֵıԵ˭Ҳûж˭Ҳûж֡

Ůݿг˿˵Ǹˣ˵ĸо˦ӣŮݿͺܿʧɽķ
ã
û뵽Ź
ȵŮݿʧԶͻȻıӰŮݿͻΪʵô¡
ҩȻʱ˵ʵȲѡ
ǺǣҲɱȻҵĿǡ
ֻЦЦûϸ͡
ȻϧĴ󷢣пǡŮݿͻϵĶʮеϵʮŮۡ
ϱӵʱȻ˵ʮŮۣȴûκεĽֵʱ򣬶ʮܵСġ
˵ЩƺһЩ顣
ЩҪһ·ߣɱκεĺôοȷһԼġ

ж϶ŮݿͻͷԼҲû뵽Ȼô죡
Ǹոʧɽ²ãŮݿֽŲǣٴγֵıԵ˵Ұ֮С
㻹֪ڸһȻһ
Ůݿͣ꺣¡Ȼŭͬһγһǰ

˰ֹ֣ˡŮݿϣоκεɱ⣺
Ӧòɱҵġ
˵ɣʲô
˵ŴԽŲԶĶŮݿ͵ڻڣһն岢֡
ҡزȥˣ
Ůݿ¶ף
֮ǰҴ뿪ˡʧܣѾܻȥˡɱûеλᣡңҵĻ경·һ
ǸĻ경£
ͻȻ¶һֵֺɫŮݿͲôɣȻôˣ
ǣ
ɫɽ£Ůݿ͵ͷݺݵ촽
ı¾;ˡ֪ⶫ孵˺ʹ½ϵ˻᲻̫һҲû뵽Ȼôֱӡ
һ룬⻹Ǹɵó¡
һȥҲȥҲһھʦ׷ɱҵġӲǡңĻ경Ҳо޴ڣֻйܹˣ
Ůݿ˽սѣ˫ϥһͨһڵϣ˸߰ͷ­
Σ빫Ӿң
˵գ˫ִ£ڵһƺһеֿ
һɲǣ˶ɵˡĶվסˣ
Ůݿ׺ݣ׺ݣ·ǲ֮ǰ¡ڣȻôڵϣ
ǰ̬࣡
治ţŮľȻүǰ
꺣¡˶˵ˡԵүж岻ѡ飬˻ʮ꣬ҲԼүϼ
ˣʮҲûˣ˵Ůݿ͹ǰˡ
꺣¡֪ʱ˿̣뷨ȴǽȻͬ
Ů˺øɴ࣬Ӧÿ죬ʵ
а
Ļ경кܴģȷɣƭʵԽߣΣԽ
Ҫƽ͵ôӴֹͣ׷ǿȻʱĹȥҲһ
ŮݿͷǸɱ֪֯ʲô£ԿĻ경ĳ̶ȼˡ
һ㣬˲֪ԼӦ˼ǰ󣬲ŻôɴĹԼǰ
Ұʲôô
嵭Įޱ顣
ûʲôԱġңôĻ경ԸԶЧ㣡
Ůݿ͹ڵϣһҧ͵ĳϵĶذף͵һʳָ⣬Ѫָӿ˳
ԺΪģ깬ԸԶЧҹӣӵֱۣɱκζ֣
Ůݿ˵ѪڿлһһָԼüϸ

ΧһƬžΧʮȴһַӿ𣬴ӶŮݿ깬ķӿ塣
ֻһɲǣַϢʧ١Χһˣԡ
Ҳ˵ʲôоʲôֺʲôҲûб仯ֻ̧ͷ깬ʱ򣬸о֮Īϵ
Ǿķţ
ԺһӹһͷˣûȫָԸо
Կ϶ĳ־ķš
㵽ڸʲôʲôģϽ뿪
꺣̲סˡ˰ʲôҲֻŮĹŪ飬Ūһеûġ
һȣǰɣɣҴӦˣ
ӣ
꺣¡󾪡
ģûġ
˰֣ߵ˹ǰһֻ֣
ҽˡɣȥϢһᷢʵָطöࡣ
ʶҪסֱۡһ̣ȻӦҲƵ˻¶һּ䲻ȻķӦƺǳϰߺͱ֫ϵĽӴһ
ǣǣˣ
ͷ̬͸ոָʹ߰мȫͬն
漴ӦΪݿͣϰߺ֫ӴӦĳ
ؿԼȥɡ
˻ӵ
㲻ٶ˵վߵ֮ǰǿŴ£ĬĬ
ŹӰ꺣¡ǰҡͷѡŮݿ͸ǵĸоȫͬ
ոջôָʹһһ̣ȴôȻȻ˵ˡ֣һºܶ˶
ޣнСүģнСӡģнСүģǺнСˡġ
ԽʵǿˣԽǸ߰ԽǲбˡˡһŮݿƺȫá
彫˵ķӦ۵ףȴûй͡޵ϰߺʹǾȻͬġ
ķӦڴƿܺ֡ǸطӦˡ
¡ôеûС⻹һҪȥ
ͻȻ˵
˹ĸ󻼡ԼͻȻһ
γĵطβ
ԼԶĵطһϵȾĴ
ֻǵһСһͲ֪ˡ
Ҫ¡ȥ̽ھ򣬲ң
֮ԼǵΪ͵ƺܵߣϺõսеϡ
ܹҵԼδо޴İ


135 ɽ
¡ܿɽȥˣһЩҸϵĻһȥġ⣬꺣Ҳˣ׼һЩ˹
ȻˣʣµĶһȺ򡣲һҲġڣһ½շݿ͹㣬廹ǲõʲôΣա
ڹ㣬Ҳûô֪ȫֻǸһķ
һķȻֲĻ경ѾԼṬϵ˺ˡ
һ㣬Źһ£ܹо
꺣¡뿪Ҳûʲô˼ɣȰһնԲȻֿʼ
ڵص£Ҳӿ˲١һУ嶼Ǽ졣
£ȫøӵͨӲܣҸ
ǻǵá
ԽǿĹԽǿ
ӳһٶ׾ûϻȴܳϵ׷ԡ
ھָоȻ̫ԣԶԶȲ񾢣ȴܸоһЩεĶӣ
Լº
ˣ
һĸоڴоһ£ͻƿﵽ˻Ƕء
һڵȫĹҲǻȻһ壬·ʱԴκβλһɱըԵ
ǻǵڶˣ
۾о۾ӵһȥǰֻܿǰɽͷڣȻԿɽͷҰ˲١
һҲܶǰķΧҲ˲١
Զһֻ¹ʯŶ䣬ֻϻȫ
ɻǣﵽһ̶ȣȻԴߵҰʹȵȡ
վڿյϣԺһͷ
һֹϵģоԼǰȻͬ
Ȼһָоǿġ
ˣ
ͻȻһУתͷһۿ˹ѩźɫ£źɫɽƺѾϰһ硣
ôˣ
Ȼع
ˣЩ˵
£硣
Ŷ
жʱȤô죬⻹һԼ˵
ǵҸ˵ɱһȺ𣿡
ţôˣ

ȺͽɱָĻ경ɱָĸҵġұһ취ɱҵġ⣬ûɣһ˼ɱġпԶ֡
ɱָǾԲܽʧܵġ

ǣ𣿡
ЦǺ⡣

һ
Ҫ𣿡
ȻһЦָԶĵ
ȷʵǿ»ûǸ
ĻشȴˡһɲǼ䣬ϵЦʧˣɫ
ԶҲĿ˹
ж֪ģۼʶģǹȻ˵λɱָҪ
ڱɫ
Ǹɱָô侳˾أ侳ǿߡ
Ͳˡ
ȻʵȴٶĿԶ֡ңɱָĹغطͬûҵҵ٣ȷҵ֮ǰ˶Ը㡣ʱһǱҲһҪǧСģɱָĸ£
һء
˵أϸǰδеأ·ԼΣڵϦϾҪһغӣ֪ΪʲôͻȻ̲סЦ
ˣЦʲô
ͻȻЩգģ
֪
廹̲סЦ
ո˵ûҵ㣬ûȷ֮ǰǲ׶ֵĶ԰ɣ
ǣ

ֶܼòǷ֣
ٴʵ
£ŬĻܴﵽ£ҵļˡ
˼Ƭ̺
Ǻǣòô鷳õ£˵һ¾ͿԽˡ
֪͸¶һǿš

㾪ȵ۾ǰĴ㵡
ܣ
ĵһӦǲܡһʰ˵һӿֲɱָ
㲻Ϊһ˰ɣɱָһ£ѵΪһçײһ˳ֿȭսɣ
Ц
˵ɱָȷʵͨˣû취µһ̶ֱ̻ա
岻ͨˡ
˵ȷʵЩĸ֣ʵҪСġҲִе
Ҫûõģ˸ĻУǸģټҺҲδɱָЩɱֵĶ֣
ҡҡͷܿ˼Ϊӵܣȷʵͨûеơ
Щƶɱ˵ûá
뷨ǳΣգùǳġ
ҵ˼
˰֣æϣ
Ըɱ֣ôøеĻЩҸ״սġһҶǳۡԸɱ֣Ȼýˣ
¡
һʯǧˣĶ¶𶯵ɫӴͻȻ֮һƬţЩΧ͵ֱ¶𺧵ɫ
ʦֻеʥʲܵ꣬Ȼ˵Ե
Ƿɵģ
Ȼܵ
Ĳ֪ʲôʱ˹ǰ꣬һľȡȻĻǲš
һʮĺӣǽ֮󣬵Ҳİɡ
ֻЦЦûн͡Ժ֮ȴԷ糾ڿ˽ͳ졣
ɱָǿλδĽͳ컹ǿ
ڵ
ʦһɱ֣ô£ҲӦõİɡɱ֣ɱ֣Ҳֿܵ˾ӣοĽ
Ǹɱָλã֪ɣ
ͻȻʵ
š
ʶĵ˵ͷһãȻ
Ȼûй̶ס֣ÿ¶ضĵصۻᡣ
Ǿ͹ˣ
嵭ȴǴע⣬ȥ֮󣬾֪ͨø֡齻øȥ졣
㲢֪֯һ֮Ѿˡ
ɽ˼죬꺣ǴĻҲڸϵˡ
ӣذ㣡˵Ѿɣµ빫Ӵ⣬Ҳ˵£빫ٷظУ
һװһϥڵϣ̬
Ŷ
էȻţĿⲻɻһ¡ɽв֪ӣ֪ȻѾȥôãذϹԪġխϸ񱳵Ѿˡ
ϸ룬ʵӦͺˡеЩǿߣҵż̤ˣ͵ȵĲͷˡ
ĸ
ҲȷʵǺܾûȥˡΪߣȻҪͥҲܲˡ
׼һ£ɽɡ
ͻȻ
ڵ˸ɽʱˡ
ϵ½ģڶܿɽ뿪ˡ


136 ʦ
ܾûлصУεɽͻȻֲһĸоʦͻȻЩŹ֣һʫԵա
ǰȻҲʫǸûдﵽֵز
ӻ֪ɣڹдһʫ˵ǹеµһ̫ʫ˵ļӿûУ֡¥¥Ⱥ¥¥͡¥￪ĵǣһ
ܶҲ¥ԭľ¥¥磬֡ЩֱӰʫſڣҵ
ӿУһ֪ҵĻȤ²
屾ûϸһѣϸȥȻһЩϤ֮ľɫ
ߣѻݡ
ұߣ¶Ũ
¥
һ¥ҵȴǽȻͬһݣ
ߣȺɽͷ
ұߣ̨·ꡣ
¥
һǾ޴ҡ
˾ư˾ƣӢ۾Ҫ˾ư
Ӳ裬һ룬ˬ

ٽֵľ¥¥ߺ
ЩߺıһӾͱ÷ǳˡдʫ¸ûж֪
٣ҵǲ֪ġ
⾩ͻȻı仯ʵ˴ֲҿЦáܿ죬һζ
е飬Ѱ˺֪¿ʮа˾ţ湬λġ٣׿ϵġ
а
һ£еûôϵֻ̫ǱԸʫ˵̫Ǳ߻ǽĺ˼
̫֮ǱȻйڣǾԼһϣٴµӰѾ͡
̫ǱԸʫѾ˵Ǳ߲ôƽˡо֮֡ʡҲ˵̫¼ڳϵӰ콵͡
û⣬ǹȥˡ
ƽʹȻǿ󰡣
΢΢һЦȻŲҵķȥ

صټذϹԪ
ӣҪĵѾˣ
ķذϹԪ˫߳խϸ񱳵ʹͷݣʱķ˲ʱ䡣
ó
ӹխϸ񱳵һоǺóѵǿﵽһ̶ȵˣǾתġ
٣ԪǾòѵġ
һͿʯȻһ
а
ذϹԪȸխϸ񱳵ͼֽϵһģһĳЩ棬ҪĻߡ
ɫԱȡȣʸУоȶ͸оóѵƷҪԼİȸֽúܶࡣ
Ȼδĵһʦ
̾ѡ
ȸֽκļ߼ʦϴģСС
֡ϡȻȲذϹԪδĵһʦĳЩϸ׷棬巢ذϹԪԼȫ־ͬϣĳЩ棬о󾫡
ˣ
˵ͷǰذϹԪ
ֻҪС
ذϹԪʮ𾴡忴ذϹԪµһʦذϹԪĵһ
ذϹԪϽôãûмƳֲ㼶ıС֮ذϹԪһ£նǿԶԶԽذϹԪС
ʹ˳ֱ֣ûͣ˵Ƿˡ
ڵ˵Ѿӵв˼
ȥϢɣľͽҰɣ
ǣӣ
ΰϹԪһ񣬺ܿ뿪
նۡԶ˲ƵĵذϹԪǰڵѾɣĵԶԶﲻֵزġ
ġ𡱺͡ػ𡱲ؼģҲҪġû߳߳խϸ񱳵δսϣЩĸֺò̫ãͻΪնۡ
ǡ𡱺͡ػ𡱣ԴԣԱֳߴ׵Ķѡ
ΣҲòȥ裬һ׶ѣʵüֵ
߳ߵխϸ񱳳ڷϴһɾѣȫ¿ɾˬȥĸ밲

幧ĸĸһ
Щˣ
Уĸ׵ĵλԶصġ
Ǻǣ˾ͺá
һɫ̫ʦϣһοָָߵλõ
ɡ
˹ȴΪ档ܵĸ׿ŵģǺҪ飬ĸһ㶼ǲȥġ
νҲм
˲١Ȼֻʮ꣬ȴġǰǲġ
ǵǰ˵ѵӪ𣿡
ˣ
һʯǧˣȻһ𣬶̧ͷһ֣ءĸԼʲô£ȴû뵽Ȼ¡
ףѵӪʲôϢ𣿡
һĹע̫¼͡ڶʹ¼Ǻͳ͢ϢϢصģѵӪȴǺԼϢϢصġ
ϱΪûнѵӪ岻֪˶·ֱ˺ܾãΪϵ츳űЩǰǿУ±Ԫ˧λãֻǸʱһжѾˡ
ܾѾע
֮Լ˾ͱԼԳϵȻעѵӪͬڹע
ļƻѵӪǷǳҪһ
˵֪뷨ֻΪǳѵӪ
ѵӪѾȷˣ޽͵ѵӪء⣬Ѿȷһǳţм嶼Լĺ档ʦеҴ嶼Ϊ±ߣϣܹѵӪ
֮ǰ˵ѵӪ£԰˹
˵
ô᣿
ĸ˵֣أüͷһ£ȴЩ⡣ѵӪǽţļУȴӦûûдﵽֵزŶԡ
ѵӪݴʱʵעķΧǲġӣܵҴǵ׷ڵһԺ
ĸ˵ûôεѵӪݴӺע⣬ͱϱӼеĶˡ
飬ʱõġǰ죬󲮴ѾŪǱյġҴˣһεѵӪʥ׿ϣ˶涯ֽšҪѵӪͱþԡҲǱյġԣ׼һʦ
һȣ˵ʲôʦʲôʦҪһʦ
һǰ滹˵ĺúõģǺ滰ȫˡ̸ѵӪ飬ô̸ʦ
ǰ
ȴΪ⣬ΪЩߣϰߣ
ʦҴǲ٣̫ˡʹˣʦķ˶ڵߣЩ¡Щܵȥȥˡ
ôңҿ˺ܾãǾøһʦȽϺãҲҪԭһʦһ¡һˢˡǽңǸʱɾͶˡ
˵ţһĵ

ԾĿԼĸף˵ˡ˰죬ѵӪǻӣԼʦġ


137 컯
ףˣ
æ
Ϊʲô
һȣķӦԤϣ
ҲΪãʵ͸øʦֻǸײڣټҵˣŻģ
ףȵһȡѵӪǻûʽʼ𣿵ȹһʱ˵ɡ
æ
֪ĸǺ⣬Ҫʲôʦǿ˵ʦ
Ҹʦ֪ף֪ǳʹܶ鶼Ҫһ£չֽš
ʹ͸ЩܵʦŶӣͻкܶǡϦദʱˣǻᱻֵġ
Ҫ¶ǣȥǿȻ󲨡
ʲôһȵǸʱ򣬿ɾͳˡ֣׵ģҸʦ¾ôˣ
ڰڳ˼ҳϡȵѵӪʼˣʲôʦⲻǺ
ףҸʵʵ˵ɡʵʵѾʦˣ
ĸ׾ҪרСԼڡˡ
ʦˣ
ϴ㵣һľȡ
ǰûҵʵܶķݵʱҲǻʵʦˡǹøҰŵġ
ؽʱ̣æ˹ø֡øǽеĸ֣棬˵
ø
Ȼøֵ֣üͷȴû׷ȥ
øҵʦĻǵҲܡøǽʹƣҪһʦҲȫˡ
˵ţڲټ֡
æ˸ͷƲ⣬ֵĸЦǺǵġӷĨ˰亹
黹øøͨͨ¶
аȻʱùøƵҲҴ⡣ĸȻеʱܺ˵еʱȴܲúŪ
˵ʲôʱѪʦ¡
Ǽǰճˣ
аȴǼ顣Ӽһ·ֱκ
壬ڻˡ
κõϢ˷ܵĴӼ˳һӡһʱûκǼܶ˲٣ǰͬն
ҺȻ˼ӵܵСࡣ
˵ˣȥҼΣҵĻҲ֪ȥˣյĸ࣬մ٣
κЦ
٣
ӵκĻæʱĿӹ壬͸һ˿η塣
ڰڿûв֪ˡ
ǷⰡ
忴ӵܣһ⡣κڰǳġǡԼ⣬ûʲôѡ
ڣһȻСܸˣ
԰ӹò
屾κµģʱ򷴵ˡ
ٺ٣ǣǲ֪߷С˸飬ʵĲˡհС붯ң٣ôڰκκٿǰȵзߣ
κظ
κС꣬ˡһ֪㡣
һĵף漴֣
ɣҪ㣡
ŶȻȥȻǡ
˵棬κӵܴк˵
ʻκĶ
壬ʲô£
κ𩣬ǵǰ˵Ҹˣ
Ľꣿ
ǣһ㲻˰ɣ

˵Ǹ
κʱӦ˹
ôõ£˵ģҶһһȥˡھ棬ʮҶǿġÿ춼Щ˺ֵʩ෹ޱЩÿ컨ܴЩĲࡣҪҵǸˣҲûп
¥֮ܵø˵飬ǧļ۸ѵһȸֽԷ糾
һǮ˰ȺͰУһǮκ𩡣ҲǸʱκԼһæ
һôá
ϱʱһӵ룬˸˼ᣬۣۣӣȡ
ΪҲܹ˵رܹ⡣
κʱκʱգٵʢҲЩƲƼҵģ˺ֵˡ
ЩƲƼңԭָе˾ϱӵһҵˣем˵еܵ޴ľݼеɥʧΨء
ʲôԭ֮ÿ϶һͬı磡
ΪôãȥЩҪˡЩԼ֪֣ϱȴԼһ
ϱӵһԸ
һ飬Ѱһصˣ
ϱӣмõȴûеõĶǵЩҲһֱԵ
һġʦ֮սһ֮չֳ˾춯صĽɱ˳ǧߣ赲סǹơ
һž湦ոչ¶âΪ𺳵ʱ򣬾һھʦķΪ졣
ԺӣѪսҪ湦ʱȴܹʩչ־񹦡
ʱ򣬷׷̾Ϣѣ¶޾ź
һǡ컯
޵ֿߵĺƴսУһرۡҪκεȴ׵Ļɱߡ
еߣǰ׷ױ˸ĸʬ״ҡ
ڶԿսУš컯չֳһ㶼ѷɫڵھʦһ
ĩʱ˹ϵ湦֮һ
ֻϧȻõ˿湦ʵ̫ľ飬ӦٶȡݣӦ䣬ȫܺſ湦Ტۡ
˵ƽӹ֮ʣǾԲӦѧ湦ġ
֪ʵҲȷʵˡ
˶ʮ߰˵ʱ򣬻һ޳ɣһ˼͹ϣû̫Ϊû̫Ȥ
һŵ㣬ƣƽʱ򣬾ЩҪˡ
һ죬֪ΪʲôȻһħͷǴħͷʱȻˣɱɽŷɥ
Ǻ⵽ѣ˾֮󣬾ȻԴ䣬ƣ󳹴򣬱һƵˡ
ӲԼġ컯ҽһȻͬĵ·ˡ
ƺΪԼҲΪ˸ı˹ͨƽӹʣԼеĹԼԹඥ󷨣ԼȫӴһš
ԼҲΪɢ
һʮ߰꣬ƽӹͨ˾һϦ֮䣬Ϊ˶ĸ֣Ϊ˱һˣԼĳӲɱЩ˵ˣͬʱҲһ˭ʼԸ̤ϵĵ·
岢ûмǸˣһУеǸԼġ
һ̤ԼϲĵɹˣҲǲῪĵġ
һƽӹͬʱ̤ˣΪ̤·ʱʵѾעˡ
ӵС컯湦ľ֣վΪڲսƽӹذΧ֮УЩΧ
컯湦ںҲ˶ʧ
Ǹʱ廹ûе±Ԫ˧޵Ҳûչǳ²䣬ѧĻ
͡һĩʱڵһ޴źҺֲİ취


138 ֵĽչ
Щ嶼ǵá
ΪЩΪ±Ԫ˧ȱġΪȱЩԵ֮·ۺĥѡ
һֱ嶼ûͻƼޣﵽЩ˵ľ磡
ˣԸֲеźõЩעɿ죬պûľѧ
ΪԼͬʱҲΪʹЩľѧϱһٴûʷĳУ
ˣϣӵС컯һֱϵҪ
ֻϧ̫ˡ
㵱ˣλаʦҲǻĪֻǳƺаˡʦô֪ʲôʱ⵽㣬ֻĸط
һ棬Ҳֻκæ
鲻üƽʱˡûʲôرˡ
Ҳ֪Լϸʵ̫٣ڴ롣ƾЩϸҪҵаˣҲ̫Ϊκˡ
κڳתһȦ忴˿Щôκȷʵĺܺáǰͷüã·ʳˮϢĵطЩ׼ĺȫ
һ棬κרŵ˲ţԼԳҪõöࡣ
һ꺣׼ƽ㣬ּôٶ࿪һЩɡ˾ǣطҲԿһЩ⣬˵λˣʱҼһ£һϢ֪ͨҡ
ã
κӦ൱ˬ졣
ָκһκ𩣬Ȼһ·Źȥˡϸ룬ɽһûȥˡ
磡
޴Ļ£˶ɢĲˡһСڵϣ壬Ȼ۾һվС˷ܵͨ졣
Сһ㻹ڰ
Цͷ˳·һ˵˹ȥ
磬ôȥôãүү˺üˡΪ㲻ˣ
СᡱС
˵⣬ġᡱеүү˺üΣ岻һ
ôã⻹һλϢʣԼϵı֣עˡ
ģô᲻ˡֻǳһԶŶѡ
Ц
Ǹ绹Զ𣿡
Ӧòˡ
ѵӪΣǴ£Ӱ쵽һ;ˡȽ϶ԣɽһ㷴ǺҪˡ
ԺҲȥ
̫ˣ
СûʲôĻ岻١Զš˷ܵһ߽ţһֺ߽Сȡһźӣ
磬ӡ
ЦЦĿȴ̡һʱ򣬽ɫϻһ־ֲĽɱӲʮʮš
ڣ飬Ѿа˾ʮźڰˡ
ֻɨһۣ֪ĿǰӴھԵơ
ӣҲԶˣ
Žɫ̣ЦȻ书Ǵƾ񣬵»ǲԼ
ָսϱԼսֻ࣬١οڴԽ֮ǰԼѾһϵȫսϷġʥ
ԼȻǲʮǧ۱»ûܹսʤԼ
мĹ򣬿°Ӿ͵ˡ
Ц
˼·ͱ˸һӵһ쿪ʼĺӾڲһ֡ڿţɾڿֻܻռһơ
ǵȵ֮󣬲ɡͻ֪κεϣ
Լ仹࣬Լ壬λԼصĴƾҲҴˡ
ž
ЩͷԺһӶԼӣɾİ˽ɫϡ
һ飡
ӹ뿪ָš
ҲһµʱˣӦöҩˡתͷֱȥ
ӴҵСڣүӡˣٲҪˣ
һյšֱָ֣Ĵȣһյı顣
֪֪ٲ֡Ǻò׻õİӰʸ񣬾Ҫȡˡʮƽ𰡣ǿǶʮ
ͱҿˡ⣬ܰڲƽҩأ
Цһס
ָԼǵʦڲģʵֻ˼ѣһµ
ȻĻָźٺٵЦЦһΡ
λҵĹӣͲ󣬿ǺܲúŪأ
ҩأǰɣɣ
һۣڷĻƤ濴Źɭɭ̣ʵĺܡ
ٺ٣Ȼӣ
ָҲӣת߽䣬ٳʱѾ˼ɫĽУǳĿ
Ӵ򿪿ɡرﻻġ
ָһֺõ
ʦһ㲻׺⣬ģȻĽ֮ңʵǲЩʦ֮۵ġ
ǺĶ󣬶ЩõѡЩԴϸܵĺܡ
Ϊֹˡ
ֹڳҰ֮ӵо޴Ӱ죬Ķ̰壬ƸһҲֲˣٲȻһδ۹ӴҳΡ
٣ָŵУֻҪһ䡣δܾǵʦµԶ顣
ˣġңҲģ
ָŵļһͷӡ
ž
򿪵һӣһϤζ˱Ƕ֮УһöɫĵҩԲγεںеף浤볡
С
۾һ˳еĵҩ棬ľֿ߸ǵĵҩ
ֵҩʵ̫ϡˡ
棬ͲõǻʹĵʦǶŵ
ţС̫һ
ͻȻƤһһЩһĵطŻСԼǿź̫һ
ٺ٣ӺǿţֻǴƷѡţɴԲĳɵЧȫͬն
ָźٺЦһܡ
ʲô
һеĵҩ
ٺ٣ӲýšõʦƷƷЩҩͳͳǺõġνĴƷֻЩʦСŵ棬Ȼĵҩ֪Ҫ߸ǵĵҩر˾ţ֮Ūġ
ָſʼ
ٺ٣ȥ˰ɣ
仰ȻһЦҩҲ̧ͷĿָţ
һ仰ģԡЩ˵ĶķҪȥˡʱǻ鷳ġҿɲÿζܾȵ㡣

ǻ棡
ָڨЦһʮ궢ţȻСڴǰµĸоָ֪ԣ̲סָо
ҵĹӼֱˣ˼ֱһۿ˵ķʲôû˵֪ȥģȱǮˡ
ֻӴ˼ΣָžһֺʲôҲĸо
ģôٲġ
Ҳһ˵ûȥ׷ˡžһ˺ӣһŨԪӽɢ
ŵζɫˡ
ԪǾȻֶ
ĳԾС


139 ۷弼գػ
ô
Ԫָ֣ɲöҩ֡ܿ˼
Ǻ쵤ǹһλСʦ½еһµǰûⶫƣըźܶΡĶһЩдƷڶûơֳĲдƷǲҾ׸ʥʣйЩӡġ⣬Դõ
ǾõҲû취Ӳ̯ġÿµʱܻһЩĵҩӲֲֹ̯ôã
ָ˵һڨڨ
дƷ𣿡
عͷһɣȥϵöҩȻⵤҩɢĲǴԪǻһЩʲ
ֻ֮ǰ̫Ծһʱûзֶѡ
㿴ʵֻһƤͿ԰ѵҩеʷ
ָЩ˼
ǵһЩСַԼǵʦһȻ֪ķǳ
Ŀйâûж˵ץϵĺ쵤һҧƤ֮һζð˳
ҩĵζӦֺϻҩ
ͻȻ֮׹λʦӦҩȻĳİ취ƳԪ֮Ķ
ֻȻôס
棡
ЩͷӹԺ幾һܿ콫ҩ̷ȥһڱܿת֫ٺ
ȫůġ
Щİ£ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬͸оԼһء֮ǰڵԪҲһ˿
Ƭ֮󣬵ȵҩҩʧƽ
˵ûȷʵʲôԪҩԪֻкٵһ֣ûôࡣ
ָſܾûʲôΪȻӵʦĽǶȣһдƷûʲôֵġ岻һ
벻ȻǮԪĶ
д˷ƽ
˵ʲô󣬺ʾǡԪʹ֮УȻ˿ԪĶʵΪԾ
֪ʦΪʲôôأôȴôӴ֮ˡ
ĺܶණǮ򲻵ġмС
ֺ쵤Ǯһö
ʵ
ǧ
ָŵ˵ĿɲӣʵʵĻƽǻõĵʦûӼƼ۵ĵҩ
һ¿Ƽö
ö
ָŵ
ȫҪˡȫùɣ


ָųһǳĲдƷ
֪
ЦЦɵ
һţ˵ҩȻźͨǻõʦƵ˵ôѰҩɱȡ
ŵҩ뿪˱

һԽе⣬ȫ˼ͷŵ߳ߵխϸ񱳵ϡ³ĵڶ˵ǳҪ
ңҲ֪ι֮ǰõʮƽʱ廹оԶꡣ
ŸоǻǮˮ뵤ʦǵ˾ͻ˶ʮ򣬸κټӰ˵ģʣµҲŲʮ
ȥϵǮܿͲˡֵ䵽֮ǰһƶϴĵز
ҲõóƷʱˣ
а
һ·Сȷû˸֮ٴνκҵĴҶ֮С
Χĵģطͱκ֧塣ֻҪҪʱԳΪ˽
κҾӪĲҵֻܶ࣬еһ֡κֻҪֲһʧκֱֽᷢš
ţҪκ˿
İ棬ȻһҶ֮С
ĴǼˡȻ𡱶ǳҪԡһʵûôӡ
ؼ˼άϵı仯ʹҺϵı
յġȫǳԽʱġ
߽Ҷ彫֥͡͡ţͣԼ˴ɵġҺ
⣬ȥȷ֦ѵϣȼյ
ȸֵĴ¶ȷǳҪĻȷĴҺƷʣҲرֱӱɷƷ
ڵһֱæµѡԼʱ֣һ̵ĺ̴
Ƭ֮ǯнխϸ񱳵˳ˮ磬һѹȴƵʽʱǰ
ĵһխϸ񱳳ĳŵҫ۵ĺ⡣
۾һۣ嶼ܸоóѳâ¶޼᲻ݡ
ﬣ
һʢװҺһϣľ񵶸һ
õ
忴ѵЦñ嶼ܸоóѵ±Լ֮ǰȸֽҪ
ѵذϹԪµһʦļɣֽԼʱļգƷѾﵽ۷塣
ңصĻȺͷʮĵҲԳΪǿǵ
ϧõĶǽ
а
ġһնõǽѵʺһˣѵʱ򣬶һְ֣᲻÷ſĸо˵Щĵˡ
ѵɲֻǷƣǷǳʺϱ١ն
ھʣ»ػˣ
а
ĵںܶ˵ѾǳƷˡóȥҲ׷ȴ֪ǲеġ
Ȼĵǳ˳֡ǡն̫ۡڸӲˣڵ˵δǺ¡
⣬δڶ֣пڹؼʱ̣ͻȻۡ
磬Ȼ࣬˿δػ١٣ն۵ĵܶ˶֪ġ
Щĸ˵ȫʹǿûв߽ӽ߷ִʮа˾žµǿлֳ
ĳȸϵͷҲǻˡòͷҲҪҷ
Ժ뿿Ϳʯ׬Ǯûôˡ
Իƣ
飬嵱Ȼȥ
Ծͱáػ𡱣
ܶ˶Ϊ֮󣬵ˡǼû֪֮ʵһ򣬾ͽػ𡱡
еһͬʱҲߣ۷Ĺ
磬ּܶնûգ͸˵ǡػֻʱļա
һյļգͬʱҲյҲܡ
ûлػգ߳խϸ񱳵ǾġֻǸЦ
ػԼ֮ǰУԵôɵڲ΢Сѣ޸ֹΡ
һ
⣬ػ𡱻ԽһӵܣȡӲȣԣиҪģԡ
ԡûʲôһ룬һѼӲӡԡǶôĲ˼顣
ڻ棬һȴջһ
һ߳߳խϸ񱳵һӵԣֻһ㣬ҲصĲ
ӵԣѵֲźΪһ۷Ҳٵս֮УᱻЩǿָϣ
ӵˡػ𡱣ܸӡԡζϣһ֮ǰδֹ켼
⽫Ǻ䶯Եģ


140 øɼǣ
Ҷ忳֦һѻ
ʹһһСֻм֦ѡ
ػ𡱵¶ȱȡ𡱻ҪͣԼֻ150ңԼ֦һСҲ㹻ˡ
ˣ
һַֻڻϷоˡѴխϸ񱳵ŵ˻ϡ
150ȵ¶ȷǳͣԶԶڻȸֵĵزպ춼Ҳ΢΢ѡ
£ټϾ˴խϸ񱳵ļӲȴﵽ˾˵ĵزҲζšػ𡱵ĹҪȴӵĺҪҲҪķѸʱ;
ǰ»ȸֳƷġػ𡱡
ﵽԪ߽ף֮ѾԶˡ
䣡
·һ£ص䵽խϸ񱳵ĵϡصĴ̨صĲһ£Ҷʯۡʯм
䣡
һ£
£
£

ƴеһһε¡ÿһζ㾡ȫԼĵһȸֵǳģҲڴ
Ҷ쳹
ػḶ́ҪʱҪȴ̫ˡȸּӲıʣζҪϻѸʱ䡣
һ죬̫𣬵ͣٵϦбһֱ忳֦ȫꡣ˻ػĹ̡
ˮ乶£վ̨ߣʪ֮ڣ涼ʪġΪ˴խϸ񱳵廨˴ʱ;
խϸ񱳵ȴο㡣
һһҹһжֵˣ
סеխϸ񱳵ۣˮħԻƣͬʱڻ۵ı͸¶һּµѪȣ
һΪɱ¾ı
ȴ˼£ﵽĵز
ৣ
յᶶҶͬڶ·Ҳնһ
֦УԿխϸֳķâ֮ǰҪ£
ǺõôõĵӦӵԼ֣ýʲô𣿡
һŲ۰ڶӶ˽еխϸ񱳵ݵҲһ˿
ǺǣˡͽԨɣ
΢΢Цĵĳƺ֪
Ԩֱ֣֪˵һὫӶѵ
е֮Ԩ
ܲǵͣҲܲĲһϲĸ飬ҪΪСЩĵ˵˵Ϳ֪
ǺǣҪҲͬģ
Ц
ԨʹͿʯۼۣٴﵽ˰ƽϡκһҪĶ̺࣬յġػ𡱼
ۼֵʮƽϣ
۸ɱȹӶĵļ۸߶ˡ޼֮ߵĵˮƽ
ĴҶ뿪ֱǣɵ֮Ԩ˹ø֡͵֮Ԩֱּϲ⡣
ʧһ£һ£ֱּꡣǰȸĽֱֵżҪ̤ˡ
ƫƫö˶ֵĶͷ˾ЩԷ糾ǲֳܵѹ֪
һ㣬¾Ҫøʬˣ
һҡ
øҲ̫˰ɡ
Ц
ɲǿţģ齻Ұɡ
ֶ˵֮ԨҪʹ
һ£
æס˹ø֮֡ԨȻҪɲΪΡ
м黹Ҫ鷳øһ¡
˵ţͰѡɱָ󡱵˵һ¡
ߣȻ飡
ľһѵõ¶һ˿ɱ⣺
Щ˶ԸҲͰˣȻҲɱǾˡģһԴˣԴ˰æһ
ɲ֪ڽǴҵͷ⡣ʲộҺԴ˳֣Ľ춼˺Ƭ
ɲ˵
ڵѾн֯һž޴Ĺϵ˼ʱ䣬ֲ֪ڽ˶˵Ǯ
ƫƫЩ˻Ǹ֮µ͹ġ
ңȸֽԷ糾ͻХһۣѾлнϿɣΪһС
ڽУǣޣֻϽݡ
ڣֻҪģÿһõһȸֽÿǮղ
ʦǳʲô⣬ڽķӦͿ֪
ģ¶֪˵λͳ֡ʲô侳֣ʲôɱָھԾǺеĽԡЩһһȫɱɾģ
ĹøĿȻȻ¶һɵİ
һ˲Ȼ嶼òĿѡʶøôãɴûпϳְֹ
ɾתø˱ţ˹٣λˣľҲ֮ˣѾԼİ
а
ֱ仯൱ϲġǰĹøΪүӵĹϵЩη
ھͲһˡ
˶Ұĵģԣ
忴ڲǹøӡ
ǼҲճˣ
а
Уÿһ˶ԼұۣԼı˵Ҫ屾ֻύԨԼùøæԸɱָ󡱵ġ
ǹøһɲȻİ¶Ҳ֮
øɲһڼʹ˻죬ֻ߸Է糾һӵĸࡣ
ڹøеĸҰġ
ЩڵʵԶԶвͨġ
øһ£
ڹø־ȵĿУͻȻٳʱѾһֳزᡣ
øǸģ
֮ǰڳ°زᣬֵ˹ȥ
ҵģʲô
ֿ壬һԺȫɶͷһ˵ţһʶĽ˹
ֿʼһԺǴҳһɫ
书ؼ
彻ԼľȻһ书ؽ壬һǳ书ؽ壡ֻǿ˼ҳ־͸оóѧԼѧκһ书Ķࡣ
ôֶ
һ𾪡
ѧƷǳĸ߶ˣ־ţһʮĺܹеġ
øʵүүҵģ
㵽ֹѹȫƵԼүӵϡ
ºͿʯȸֽȻˣǲ⡣ںķΧ֮ڡ
ͻȻ֮óһ书زᣬͲܲˡǸһǻۿԽ͵˵ġ
Ϊ֪һ㣬ȻͳزᣬٳٶûҵһʵĻύֱķݡ
үӣ
ֳԾС
ǰ㻹ǵķ𣿾ڰ֮үү̽ҵġүүܾá˼Բת㡣
װ֪飬
үүһֱѹøѹڱСλϣȻ˵ǺõģΪáøһˣѱûн١
ҲΪүү͹øֲ֮еѺۡ
үӡ
ȻĻַ·ʲôЩжҲЩʲô棬סˡ
ˡ
ЦЦ
лᣬллүӡ˵øһṼġȸֵͽˣȽȥˡ
˵ţԨתʹȥ
֪ǲǴоıӰжȥǧصһֺһغ¡
ֻҴ䣬ĽŲԽԽᶨѸٵʧΡȻĻʳ֮С


141 Ԩ
ȸֵ飬Ҳ˿һûɣѰšаˡټһ߾ͼȥ塣
øǱߣҲܿ졣
ƺǳڶɱָɱķŭֻ֮󣬾ʹʧǵĽѲߵʱ򣬷һͼıɱ֯
ȫУʬԺӣ
ھﻹ˾޴ĺ䶯Ϊ˵飬˴Ľǿߣͳ춼
ֵĲСܶ˶Ŀã˵±󲻼򵥡һ㣬Щһҹ£棬һɱֵĴ磬һȷɵġ
ԣҲûʲô˰˵
˵ʱҲȻһЦֻȥһţȻԺ󣬲ȥ
ƽĹԼʱ򣬴ڻʹȴƽ
ҹɫڴڻʹĳ乬˿ȴƻͨһܴܵĵϣܡ
乬棬ͷܶһΧ飬էһȥаǧ
ǽĴӣ˭֪ǴƵһʦڶӡʹ֪ٽΣ
ʶԷ糾ͻХս˭֪ޱȣƥϡޱȣڽ˵Դʵ
ҪǣֶмУ
ڽ˵ȻܸӳԼĵλ
ôˣֵȵλµˣ
һ²ųһΣҪǶһͺˣ
һͳˡֻ֪һΣ˭ôˣ
ǰҪôһȸͺˡϧù󰡣ֻܿ

乬棬۷׷ס˭֪λӵѾȸڽеȫĹø֡
棬ھûв֪˵ġ
ˣˣ
ͻȻǰһɧ˷׷̧ͷȥֻŴ򿪣һƬԻ͵ĵƻ͸Ŷ
泤һؼףϣ˵Ұ֮С
һɲǣԭֺĽһƬž
ڣҪˣƾ֮ǰӽˣ
ϵ
һ䣬Ⱥ֮һͷ֮ǰӣüЦĽˡ
˭֪϶Ὰҡȸ϶ˡ
Ǯ˭ںǮ
ֻҪִܹëϷ࣬޼᲻ݵǮʲôҲûʲô
ң㽫һʱ־Ҳһȥ
ʮͷһĽȥ
ľƵĽ
ֵ
Լ⡣ȻҪһʸ񣬵־ûбҪڽ֮У֪ȸڽжȡ
ߵĸط̸¥ǳҲ̸Է糾ͻХǳս
һ˵޼᲻ݣëϷȸѪڣҪõӡ
Ϊ֮Уּ֪жôǿңֲŸôɡ
Ҫ֪ʮĽ
ȸֽÿ²ųôһ治Ź֣
ԣţֳʸ
忪ǵһۿֿۡľǵڶڸһΡ
ľӣһԲμǣȴҪļ۸ϣٷ֮ʮҺ忪Ӳͬ
ֵľһԵģÿöľ200ƽ𣬶һֱ֮ϡһμӣ͵
㻹ӹֿ⻹ˡʮĽ㲻򣬸ȥ
ңܹܵƽȸֽģĸȱ200ƽ𣿡ֿȸȷʽÿԽַʽֱЩ˲ȸҡ
ֿӵģ˷ѰϧľѳۣҲö˵
һɲǣ߰ʮͷ׷ӿ˽ȥ
Щˣһǧƽʣ
һһĻƽ볡ֺɵӲŲɰ
ǩĿԽˡ
ֿڵ
һˣڽ棬ȸֽ棬ǿĶǡ˵ȻˣΪʲôҲ
Խ࣬ڱŻԽãҲԽ죬Ҳýжҡ
־ǩ˵ȵǩЩǩ10ƽһҲǩԹۡ
ҲֻԹۣҲûλ
Ҳӷ񲻺ãûλҪ֪ʮأ
һɲǣٵĽһϡǧƽʡôһ־յƽ
һУֱ㷵䡣
ʹ乬ǷǳģԶġССɱȡĴƻͨףһſͳ졣
ľԷ糾ͳ졣
ʱԷ糾ͳλҲһ£֮ǰȣԷ糾Աøӵۻ롢񣬶Ҳӵϡ
ֽݣԷ糾΢΢һȻվ˴һž޴һɶ೤ĳľ̨ǰ
ˣȸֽأ
óɡͱˣ
ǰҶأ
ˣһˣֵǿͱٸǶˡ

˷׷壬һͣȻƬ̶Ȳˡ
ˣ㲻Ƕǵİɣ
һЩͷֱӱʾˡ
ôһ̶Ȳ𣿡
ЦЦҪľЧ
ȻˣҲˡڶȸ
ž
һ䣬һǰһɶ೤ľ̨ϡ飡ľ̨飬ķѣ棬¶һ߳ı
رģһͬȣοյڽӡ
һɲǣ˲ž
˶ΪǸľ̨ģ˭Ҳû뵽ľ̨Ȼػء
ˣʲô
һͷλվһָָοյĽϵ죬ܶ˶ΪƷϴһһѽ
ڿƺȫǣ
ָȴ߳ҳֳһȣǳСһںľţ˼κһ
ʵúãֶĵһƾһ㣬ѵмղؼֵңҲѵǳĳûѵļպǰҲȻͬѵʹõĲǽ
⣬ѵͬķӵķֶ˵ѵΪɱ¾ȡ־ͽԨѵΧûܶ
ֵ٩٩̸㵱ôĽҲ޾ɫ
Ԩ
˷׷ײĿƾ־֪ѵƷֵղءҪǣµһʦĵһڵƷƾպܸߵļǮ
ȻֵˣһƷֶмУ
һ켤ĻǲȱǮǮȥݣʵղؼֵõ
֣Ǯ
ʵúã
ЦţĿһֱ˾ļ۸
Ԩļۻƽֻһ۸ߵ֮ڿʼ
¡
һʯǧˣ˲ˡ֮ǰһѹƵһӱˡ


142 ֮ͣ
壡
ˣ
򣡡
ʮ򣡡
ʮһ򣡡

ֻڶ̶ʱڣ乬ͳʮֶľƽ֮ǰһֱΪߵļ۸񣬿϶ܶҪԥġ
ڿһµʱ䣬ֵеļʣϼӡһ޶֣Ӽ顣
ʮһ壡
ʮһˣ
ʮ򣡡

ĻӣֱΧ۵ĽѪڲѡıļֵǡ
ıʱҲֻнֵܿı۸Ȼ󣬵Ϊⳡܶ˴һǰͳͻͳ֮ǳս֮Ϳʼ׼ˡ
̫ݼˣʮ֮ǰ˼ֹ
Ҳⶫķءû˵϶֮ǰңǴʦĵһѵ㲻ãȥҲֻ׬⣡
ûСǿǾͳ죬ͳ춼ˣҴ壬е̣дСǰʱɾǶҴ壬ЩҴɱȣ
ǣ𿴾治ɽ¶ˮԶԶЩҡʵϣҴ壬Ȼƽ֪ʮص˵ʲô
ǣа׼ҵģ˼ҿĽˡֻᣬŹŹ֡ɮٰ

ĺ󷽣һͨ죬ͺ˼ѪһȲμ˻Ҫ10ƽԹһΣҲֵˡ
ڽ˭ں10ӣ
ʮţ
ʮ򣡡
ʮһ
ʮ
ʮǧ壡

κļֵм޵ģ޵ġĴﵽʮ֮󣬼Ӽ۾ͽ
Ȼ۸Ӧʮңᳬʮ
ˣ
Է糾΢΢ס۸ѾǳԤϣ൱ˡóڽзǳܻӭ
Ǻǣ
˵ǮѾֿһĻЦ˵εĵǳһһµļ֮ǰȸǶһ
ǵʱ־ʶ̺൱̻
λ˵λûпĵڣҾôȿһ
ͻȻס˵һ
ﬣ
һƢԽڴ˵Ķ֮һԾ𣬻ϷݶеĵƻһɲȻһ˹â
һϣȵ翴ʱȴкȻһͶصĳһ߳߳ĵӵ⵽ȫָ㣬ǳľȣ޴Ļ͸¶һֶǵС
ϢģˮħԻƣ͸¶һּµУͬʱ͸¶һԣ·ǵգ׼Žһ㣬һǿҵѹȸС
һɲǣԭֺĴͻȻ˼¡
Է糾ԭԱСϵĲƣǿһĻ˴Ҫȥʱæ͹ĵûô
ΪͬȸӦ࣬εĲ𡣵Է糾ͻȻ֣еƺĲ̫һ
ϣ
ৣ
Լע⣬ĵ˵ͷৣһֳֵֽڴ˸
ֵĶȲ󣬵һЧȴǾ˵ġ

޴Ĵ¶վĵطʼͻȻһ硣ԭƽΪһͻȻ֮
·гǧݣƿǰҲ֧飬һС
Է糾ңǺܹĵͳ쿴һĻͫȻȻ֮ɫ
÷
ֵʵȣȫͬնһĶҪˡ
ڳ˶Ǹ֣һ۾ͿһֱǷ˼㡣Է糾Ǳȫͬն
ҵ·
ĽУͻȻһһͷԼ¶£һĳԾ
ֻ¶£֪ʲôʱȻֵĵ˺ˣ
һ£ٿеǱ߳߳ɫʱһˡ
⵶̫ˣ
ĵ¿ԽһȼȥսǿĶȫ⡣·磬˵ֻҪηηţʩչ
ʮˣѵҪˣ
ͻȻ˾֣е
ʮҪˣ
ʮ
ʮ

ҲӦȺˡѾﵽ˲˼ĵزֱǴɱ
ؽǣма
ʮ
һе
̫ˣ
ɫͨ죬ֱҪսȭͷ֮ǰⲻΪڡ񣬹ȻﵽЧ
һȣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һıȴޱȣ̺һɾ޴ΰõ˲
ͻȻһƬžĿ׷ķһ˷׷¶˳Ծɫ
ƴˣ
ƴˣ
ƽ

һЩǰŵĽη壬׷վ΢΢ʾ⡣
Х죡ʲô
ϷԷ糾Σˣɫһ䣬Ȼվһɰ֮ˮһХ
¿񽵣ҲȻһ䣬ýš
Ⱥ࣬׳ľͷһϻӵĺ󺺣ǱˣԷ糾ڹелХ졣
Ϊͳѡ֮սԷ糾ͻХֽѡս֮ˮ˭Ҳû뵽ХȻʱ
һɲǼ䣬㾲˶ס˺˭Ҳ˵սŲѡ
ߣΪʲô乬Ǹ˵Լҹ𣿡
ХĿͭ壬ںڵһּĸо˵Ҳ󣬸һֵ˵ĸо
ˣ
Хδ䣬һָ¶һöǩ
öǩԷ糾ɫʱ÷ǳѿ͵ŤͷһԵ֡
ңҲ֪
һĻͻֵɫԷ糾ÿ١Է糾ͻХˮԷ糾УХһɡ
һⲻԲԷ糾ĳӣѿ
֪ХеǩͲġںԷ糾һԷ糾ĳӾǲԼĳӣôɡ
У
ҡͷԷ糾һɫÿࡣˣХڽӵ١
ʮа˾ǻХµĽֵǩȻ͸˻Х졣
Х죬ʲôɲӪأ
ƽ
㿴ȻԴ˺ְġҪ򽣵ȴֵǣҪǸҵңǿɾǵںеֵǶŸɣ
Է糾ҵҽͳҲվ
ȻһεͳѡԷ糾ʤˣǻХ챳ҲСǴʧ֮󣬾ȻŪ˸ͳλá
˵Ҳ̫ݡ
ߣΪΪֵǺãЩһҡײƭƭֵǵǮҲŹģ
Хɫ䣬һ˵ţһߴΧ̤
ǰɣ
Хߵǰ۾һУͫݷģԼв
Է糾۹⣬ϣڽǰƽ
Х죬
Է糾һӣȻŭ
һܻ࣬ХֱвɫҲܲÿȻڽнȣΪȸֽڽռͷ
ǺͻХ졢Է糾ּԵòˣ
ǻХ죬Է糾ǣ㣬о޴֧֡Ȼв鵽˻ʹʱҲ²ˡ
ϵͬСɡ
ĶУԼֻСϺ׶ѡԼҵŮЩƾԼϴθԷ糾ХǹֲԽԼ촷ˣ


143 ǧһ
ƴˣﲻǡôֵܿأƴأ
ʱͻȻڵ
һڣ˶һԷ糾һ⡣
֣ô˵
Х֣ɫޱȡҲû뵽ô˵棬һСŽȻҸ졣
ƴˣ˵һ顣ﲻƸͳ뵷ң뿪
ٴεĿӭŻХ죬ܣη塣
ϣԷ糾ҪõͳվҪ˵ʲôȰ֡ͻХΪУԲʲô¡
Ǻܿ챻Է糾˰֣סˡ
Ե֣Է糾һľ죬Ժ뷨֣Ҳ˽ܶࡣ
ֵԸкܴ⣬̫ųڱŵСλʮ˵⡣
Է糾ֲû̫εһСͷļҲͲˡ
־Ȼô˵棬ײХ죬ˡ
һɲǣԷ糾ԼоϵĳЩת䡣
Ĳһˣ
Է糾Ŀ֣ͻȻһЩһ뷨
һССȻ˵
ХĿޱȣĿɱˣͲ֪˶ٻˡָҵðԼˣХǺġ
Хûж֡
ߣǸŮλķˣھŹϣҲʰ㣡
žХһģͻȻץסеġԨ䣡һɾӦ㱻Ӵɳȥԣ˺üվסӣͨޱȡ
ڽ棬ҲˡǺͻХδĴȣҪСĲࡣ
ХȻܸԷ糾δĽУͳ£һĸ֡
Ķ֣
λֵܶţһХΪ˽𡣶ǿЩһҡײƭڽƭֵǵǮƣ
Х׾ٵĴԨסڴﻺת
һ󺮹ɨգĿѣѣǻХȴһĲм·ⲻʲôǲֵһķ
Х죬ʲô
Է糾ͻȻڵɫޱȡ
ߣҲ˵ҾǿЩƭӣҴǵģ
ХͷһԷ糾Цһɢһǿ
նۡԷ糾֣ǲ᲻ɣκֻҪߣͻ׶ۣԽԽˡޣʦĳߡĳߵѾϡˣǾȻ߳ߵŪң浱˶ɵ𣿡
Хһ䣬һƬˡ
ҶǳȸģԷ糾ǰʱֶ̣˻ûôǹ⡣
ǱХһᣬܶҲӦۣȻǶġ
ޣһ㲻ĳϵıǳì֮ġһսɱģôϡ
Ƶľ棬ֶѴѣ۶ҲûʲôһѾǡҳɱҲ͵ĺܡ
ǵͲһˣûϣһ׶۵ĵ
ƴ˵ģҲûе
ȷʵѵȷʵ̫һ㣡

ڽͷ콻ͷӶ˵ͷڻХ죬вΪԷ糾صҳӡ˽ġ
ʱ˵ȫûе
ߣߣ
Х߾ԨһĻЦһϵı顣
Է糾΢΢˱䡣
Է糾Ϊ֮ǰȸֽҳɹܻХ죬ͳλãԸʶѡֺ塣
ΪԼֶѹͲûɡ
ͳͳûһ߳ߵĳôĹ񣬵׺ϲڱХһᣬ˶˲ס
ն۵ĵģХεѿɲȡѡ
֡
Է糾Ҫһ֣Ǹոնסˡô˵棬ʲôѾˡ
ңʲô⣬ô˵棬Хôһ˵ͻ᳹׳
ҿôֵܣԺû˵֮ˣ
Ϊ뵽һ㣬˵ɫޱȡ
ʱѾû·ˡ
ǧҳⰡ

ѾûʱȥƻХǿԨˣվڴܸо˷˿ԼĿѾȫԡ
Լֶ־㱻˶˵
ֵǣɲֹԽԽáŻʵǷһѡ죬ҾǿʲôԨǸʲôֵֵǻôǮ
Х˵ţһ־߳ߵԨһֻʳָһȻ㵯Ԩ߷֮
¡¡
б֮ХָɲǼ䱬һɻǰҫ۵ĽɫԪᣬȴգȴһ޼᲻ߵĸо
׽ָ
ǻХһžѧԽȫеһָ֮Уգ޼᲻ݡ
ڽսУХԸһֻ֣ƾһָֿȭֳеĶִ򶷡
ڻХսУһٶļ¼
ڻХġ׽ָģһλХ񣬾һɽһƬʮɸߵͱڡ
ͱھһʯǶɽ
ХͬЦķ׽ֵָּܲХֻһЦߵͱǰֻǵָһͽұڵѣ֩һƬ
ڽǳ㼸ʮХʱ򣬻ᱻΪ̸
Хá׽ָûжٱֿܹס٣߳߳ĵǳܲסġ
һ£
Է糾ףֹѾˡ¡¡ֻҵķ֮·׵Ӵ߶
һɲǣ˵ĿУʱ䶼·ֹͣ

ŻХָӿԨķ򡣻Хָһ˵Ҳ֮ᵽɤӿڣһƬš
˭֪Хһָһָ±ڣѰһָֻһָȫһ
˭Ҳ֪Ǳ߳ߵԨܲܳһ
¡
ڣХָе߷ִ¡¡𶯣ѣ·һεʯײһľ쳹ա
һ̣˶סˡ
˻Х׽ָȫһǱ߳߳ȸ־ȻȻ
ôܣ
һɲǣԾĪڻХˡ
׽ָָǿޱȣһָ֪ϹСûжܳܵס
˵߳ߣ׶ϡֻҪ߷ֽһϱضޱȣǴѡ
ʲô߳ߣȴܳܵסһ
ⲻܣ
Х͵һָ棬һΣּֿء
¡¡
ǻХ߳߳Ԩȴ˿һɲǣХɫˡ
ָһָХҪεԷ糾ڿȥˡ
Х죬ס֣
Է糾ŭȣ
ٲס֣ɾͱҲˣ
Է糾ְϵȸֽϣɫݣԳͳơ˵ģﲻǻХأôǾͱ
Ƹͳ죬˵ˡˣʲôǣ˽ģ
ʱҲ̲סЦһոһɲǣûҪûХˣڽͲٻˡ
Է糾¶ݲ
ģ
ֱҪ̲סЦԼֶǸˡ
ֿԿ϶Хôһ֡ԼԺڽ潫ӵˮҷԵ
ȸָӳ
棬󽣵Ľ죬½֮꣬ǰҪ࣬Ҫ
ǰ;ƽ


144 
ƴˣΪЩ׼ġ˵뿪ɡ⣬ƴҪ򡭡
˵ƳһۻХеǩЦЦ
Ҳƴ»ػ˵10ƽһöǩֻվ棡
˵ţһָ󷽡
䣡
ԶʱЦ飬Хɹ˻ã˶ʧˣԣλ幫ĵûκ⡣
ʶʱȫһˡ
ȺУжԻХ첻ġ񿴵ȡ֣˼ûκ⣬ŹֳЦĻᡣ
㣡
ХݺݵĶο֣졣վãڽԸƽ˼˭Ǿη֡
˵汻ȡЦܵˣ
ХҪŭȴûᡣ
λԨƷشҶĿáԽԽ۶ϣֶıȫڴСڸλԿʼոյĳǶʮ˭Ҫۣ
ֵĿӹ˻Х죬̨µˡ
ңңңҳһʮ
ʮһʲôҳʮ
ʮ

ХǷ׽ָڳڽм顣ѵƷ̫ˣëϷܹܻ࣬ХǷ׽ָȻƾһ㣬ԳƵð۷壬У
ʮƽ𣡡
һΣȴǴӺ洫ŷԷ糾ߵһͳ죬ĿȣҲƵԼԨ
ôˣѵǲ𣿡
յĽͳȤŵ
ܣȻܣ
ϲЦտޱȡôܣֺ֮ã
ʮ򣬻иߵ𣿡
ʮ򣡡
ȴԷ糾ͳ죬һҲ١ᣬûμӡ
ǻХķ׽ָǿǽеĴ˵καܹܵεָ;ֵôղأ
ޱȵУħԵĻħԵֵ׽ָʵءı˵ʮûлòֵ
ʮһǧ
ʮ
Է糾ҲμӽˣһȤɫóȷʵܲһ㣬֮ǰĽȻͬ
Է糾ҲҪһˡԼãҲȫΪղأ
Է糾Ȼʲô͵Ŀ⻹еġֵδļֵԻԽԽߡ
ΪϡΪƷıǾԲͬġ
쵰
ХվվҲǣҲǣһʱڵһ
ʱѾûעˣ˵ľŵϡûХѿǣЩ˲ǹĶȤˡ
˵עǰѵϡ
ʮ
¡˶ڼǰѵʱͻȻ֮䣬һ⴫
̺ĪΰݶƬĶʱ򣬸Ǳܵĸоһľη

綶һϵӰͻȻ˴ſڵĵطϵ˺ѵأһɽĸо
ϡҵϢǰÿ˶оԼһС
󣬴ͳ죡
һͷͰͣӶˡ

һƬң˱ȿֺĳʱһŵûս׷׹ȥ
ֹˣԷ糾ɫһϽڵϡ
֣ͳҲɫֻ̣׷׹ڵϣһҶӴ乬֮УʱѼȸһƬž
󣬴󣬡ͳ죡
ʱΨһվŵģֻлХˡվԴһƬҡ
˭֪Ļˣֻλͳ졣ǰλ֮һ
𿴻Хº޼ɵǱ˵ĸܡԷ糾Ҳ
ڽƿǰء
Է糾˽ռ乬ͳ췢ˣ˵ԼХǵãͳոպ񻹡
ХԴеתˡ
գգգ
ɽͰߴΰӰԼԽԽڻХڴʱǵӰȴͻХˣȫûпһ
һɲǣХɫɷޱȡ
ǰɣ
ɽͰӰǰͣͷ΢΢ЦţȴͶԻХȫͬ
ǣǣ
ֿͳϵı飬սս
һֱһʺҵĵϧһֱûҵѵҺϲ
ϡ˵ţһڵϸһö𣬷ǳ
ǿϧ̫ˣȫ䲻Ʒʵľûйϵҿһ飡
λͳԹ˵ţ˸һֵӡ
׳أͻȻûλͳȷʵһλǵǿߡ
ûõʲô
ǰҲû⣬Ҳȥʱѵ˵ǰʵûе˵ûһѺĵ
Ļ
ˣѵԸ޳׸ͳ죡
նȻԥʮƽȻ󣬱ַǳܹõǰλͳԼԷ糾Դζʲô
λţԼԷ糾Ժڽǰ;ƽûʲô˸ҶԼ
Х飬ԺԲٷ
ʮƽһλͳĻǧάꡣ֣֪Ҳһ֧Լġ
һ䣬ԶХˡ
λ˵ķӦȻֵԤϡ
ˣʮƽ𣬾ôˣض˵ˣ
ͳնȻȫɡ
ʮƽǰɣһø㡣ǰɣҼסˡĵҺϲ
ͳ˵ţϵĵתȥǺɫڿ趯ֻһʧҹɫС
ȻǱԨûΪһλͳʧԡڽͳĻǽԡ
ֺԷ糾ӵվ˻࿴һۣģж¶Цݡ
̧ͷХѾ֪ʲôʱʧˡ
֪һҲǰˡͳ찡ǰһæ

Ҳе飬ԨøһߵѰλаˣһȥ塣
аˡϢڻûټҲ֪ȥѰңһжǽչ
ǹɫϣɱǲԽƣԽԽռƣѶΧǽˡ
һ죬˹׼һʱȴֶͻȻһ׷ˡ
׷ݣһɫĵ£أһŰӣڵϣĬĬ
У
һĻһֻѪҺһ㣬һ־޴𺳴顣

Ժֻ綼ȻɲǼ䣬ؼ·ֻʣ¶Ǹͨͨİ׷ˡ
˽ӽ֮ڵһμϱԼҲ𾴵ĳϣƵľ



145 Ԫ˧Ľ
ûм֪˱ضɣ
ûƣûսϣǰˣһͨͨһ
֪ǰֵ֪ĵϸԲ뵽ǰźɫ£һӵˣȻƵľ
һںܶʶһѾŵĲܴ˵
һϻĵ£һͨĽɫ֣ȴƾĺ֮ʱΪԼ²ѡδĴˡ
ֻۿȣһ뵽ƻľվԼǰо̲סǰδеļ
һһһʱ̣ˣʵԼľֵκȥ𾴣
Ҳһ
ܿ죬ŬԼƽ
ȻͻȻԼԤϡⲢζţԼ˳ĻĴС
ĴѶȾMAXϱӣɫǰ˾ԲֹԼһ
ܹƽֵģҲԲվһѡҲûС
ʵ۵ּ⣬ҲʣݡλޱȵĻӣҺԥľܾĴѶȾͿ֪
ľżȻҲźܴıȻԸռ˺ܴء
û֪׼ȷͽ׼ʲôңǽܿ챻ǽ֮⣬ϱҲȫ
һ㶼Ҵ⣡
֣ŽֻǿʼĿҪģ
뵽ŲŻµλ˹ȥ
˼ң
ǰ幧һȻֱĶ棬Žɫͺһͨ壬һͨˡ
Ĵո֮гһϮ£ȫϢ͵УȻǲ˷ݡ
ʱ嵱Ȼ䡰ǰʲô֮ģ߹ؾأսս֮ġ
ʱһЩͬʱʵ𾴣һЩ
û˵ŨܵüëĽģĿⶢŽɫϽɱһĺڰӣ·ûע⵽һ
磬үүѾ˰ˡڶ֪
ʱһ۵ԱߴǸཱུСӡᡱվҼλãһһܺͮͮ˿˿Ǻ«һһ־Ľ۹⿴塣
С￴壬ҲһŵˡĴ磬ǳ
үүȻ֪ôӣ

ͻȻһϵüͷ΢΢һ£塢ȴû˿ı仯ץǿŰӣĿⶢ̡
СкͷϽͣһ߿ˡ
ЦЦĿƿ䵽˽ɫϡֻǿһۣϵӻ뿪ʱһģһ
Ҳ˵쿪ʼһֱڣûãԼһŰӦʲôط
ûӣȻҲͻֲ塣
һжͣ״̬
֨֨
ϴȴû˵
˵Ҳÿڡ
£š
ˣ·еа
֪˶ã̧ͷɫ࣬Ŷ򿪿ڵ
һлӡ
ݣǺϣһɵĸоֻĮޱ飬ЦָһֺܹŰĸо
⣬üëŨܣһѩѩס
Ȼô꣬лͣʮضûнӴ͢;磬˵Ҳıܶ࣬ɳۡͨüĿ֮䣬ѰǸպգ˷Ĵƾķǡ
һǹȥĴƾһδ±Ԫ˧ⳡһƾѡͽķʽͬʱҲһδԪ˧֮Ľ
Ȼ书ϣһԼԪ˧Ķ֣۵սߣȴ㹻š
¶սһаս
ǰ֮أֻ֮ʤܣа
ᵽа֣Ҳˡ
Ȼ书ϲʮǧǱսϣ徭Ǹҵĩǧ򳡵ĴСսʵս鼫ḻ
¶ԴƾҲǺѷɫ
΢΢üȻû뵽ô˵˵·аȴֱ˱ϣ
ͨΧ屾̥սġ
ô˵Ҳ
öǧӣٴζ֣ٴ˳Ĭ
գ
֪˶ãƺͨˣеİӣյһϡ
ôʱ䣬˶Բߡ
ͻȻľٶʱע⡣ֻǿһۣоЦһӣȷʵһ塣
һаеظ췭·ת֣ƾնһ·ļơ
Уֻҡͷѡ
Ȼϣ
ЦЦԱߵһöӣžһɴйϡźһ䣬䡣
ոտпɰֵһУûΪ࣬һȥġѾǱɽˡ
£ǰüͷҲʱɫޱȡ
ڹһ֣ǽѶȣһ˲ţѡЩڱ΢Щܵˡ
û뵽һµ󣬱ȫĴսҾȻˡ
һʼû뵽ġ
̱ɽ֣һɫޱȣ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
˭ҵĺӣ
֪˶ã̧ͷڶ֣Բͨ˼̳ܽġ
ʣҴǡ壬Ǵƽ֮ӣǰ֮
ͬʱֲʧ
ԭ
üͷ˶ȴû̫顣
Ź䣬࣬˲֪˲˵˭ҪĴָ˵𾴡
˵ֱֱ֣ɫҲûа𾴵˼˵ļơ
Ҫǻˣ˵öԷ˼ߡȴ֪ȴƣλʸӸ£ǰ̬ƺүүˡ
֮һ
ΪƾʱԶԶүүʱүүֻһĬĬŵСӡ
ңȻүү֮ǰŹʮ٣˵Ǹˡǰλȣ»ĲԶˣǱȽġ
˵һλͿǱүүĶࡣӦж꣬ʮ࣬ʮֹࣿ
д˷үүʮųǸʱʮ࣬곤һЩ
˵ٶнӽʮꡣɣǲпܽӽһˡ
Ͼλ̫ڻʵ۵ʱ
Ȼˣǿģ̇ͷɿƳһۣȻͷףɫȴܺãýүү϶١


146 Ը
үүͬϣоһյ
ǰˣƺȫԼԼ磬뿪Ը˵Ը˴򽻵Ըκν
Լ֮ϵҲֻǰŽɫ̶ѡ
޽ҲԸʲô
ǰĴսһĹͬ顣Σ岢İ
ϱӣԼʧȥһУһеʱҲ״̬Ѿ޿ɾΨһŵԭֻΪиһĿʹѡ
ӦҲɡ
аλ˵ɥӣɥе˶Ѿˣֻʣһˡ
ͺ͵Լһģһ
ΨһĲͬǣԼתӵһθıˣͼһĻᡣ
ͬڵֻΪһʵĴˣԼġȥ
ֻߣΪƵľ񣬸ԼʹĬĬ¶ػȣһֱ
ܣЧҵ̫ڻʵ½ȯֹĴƼ̳λƾҲֹٴ;κεϵ
뵽ԽļᶨΣҪıλ˵ˣ߳գֵĶһҪǰıݣڹ¶ͼįȥ
˼ңʤ˱ҳ£Ҫһ̰ɡ
ͻȻЦ
̧ͷһ˿ɫƺ͸ոյ̬Щ֡ȴûзԣǵ˵ͷ
ɫϵӺܿһɨԶ¿ʼһ塣֮ǰͬزһһӡ
һ塣
Ҫͨһ֡֡ѡˣľȻѾԶԶΡ
²
գգգ
㳡ĵģӿ޴ĶһƬƬҶϿƮ䣬̣ҲƮԡ
٣Ҳ󰮻˵ԴӴӦ֮󣬱Σͦñֱһ˳ǹһ˿ȫǾ˵硣
ҲϱͬµıԪ˧
ֻܶʱ̶Ὣ¶⣬ʮһ΢ΪҲѰڳʲôԪ˧ļ
ĽŻɣձôţȫһͨĶȡ
ıǺܸߵģϧδųʷΰġʥ
˿ŸԵıݺύ׽ɱĴѾǳģϧĴǰǲͣꪳɳ
İԽԽ٣ĺȴԽԽࡣʹиµ֯ȴ
֪֮ǰ
ӵĵطޱȣٴġ֮Χ
ɳɳöӣŨܵİü𣬶̣ٴ֮ǰĳĬ֮С
Χĵģ΢΢ЦţҲߴ٣ȫռ֣ĬĬĵѡ

֪˶ãڷӣ˵֡һڣؿ֣Ȼ촽һﲻ
ã
ЦģҲûô˵ӣ¿һ֡ϽѪɳ
֪ͷбѾȫ
үʱҪȻȥɡ¡
ͻȻһͨͨĺڷͻȻ˳ӣ̧ͷһǵɫ
ݵˣоͺһ£ͫһһ£мһͺˡ
ˣ
ϵõģз衣ոˡոһ˵ĺӣСո
ɥɥ֮ռҴ󲿷ֵѾ御ŮɢˡֻĹһֱ
ʶҪԭǣ飬λδԼġ
ܿͷӦȻԼϵ÷裬λȴδϵԼ
˼ң
һܿƽװʲôҲûзһ
ǰķ裬ʶʱܶ࣬ͷҲǺڵģһ׷Բԣɣ
ҺͺʧȥˣԶڱʹвͬڵķ裬ȻǸĹԼĹǣԼżֵǸ衣
ʶ壬Ҳˡ
٣һ磬ڻûз
˼ңɫСҲûȥˣҪսɣ
忴Ц
ѣҲһ¡һصģ壬ʲô飬֮ǰһҪϻո
ĻѲߵĽ֣عҪǳķ粨
ǲԸ⹬еλעԼģֻҪʹλע⵽Լ͵󳼣ԼҲע⵽Լ
ô꣬Դ̫ڻʵѾϰ˵͵Ҳһֱôġ
ѾΪһǱʶһϰߡ
Ȼ岢ͬϰߣŵһμ棬ʱж̣ԼıϰߣҲҪȵպ˵
壬ĬȻٿһֻ̣ݺύϣѾɱ䡣
һ֣ˡ
ôƾݺɳȴǰһʮ꣬˵˼顣
ȴȷȷʵʵڷ顣
һ䡰սǡôһ档
Ŀһۣڴӵվ
裬ˡ
˵仰תȥ
ȥıӰЦЦҲȥ

ߣһ֮һյˣĳ飬粢һ׵顣
ҪıǸɭյո߳ҲһһϦܹġ
еһεΣоٳɶʱ
Եڶ죬Ȼȥˡ
޴Ļ£ɫ̷ţ̺һϤӰšѩ׵ͷɫĵ£ڳһƺ˺ܾá
ǰ簡
Цȥ¡
㣬
ź֡ܿмӦţһСŵԱߡСַһ˫µĿӡ
ʲô
üͷƳһԱߵŶ塣

Цһ㲻ʶľ顣
û˵ֻüͷĸˡ
ǰԭ˵壬̫һ壬һ߳Ե㻨źðǸġ
Цƺڡ˼
ı䶼ǴһһοʼģǰˣΨһ뷨ÿ֡
ǴƵľΪ۹ΪޣΪµշһ
ӦõӦҲӦ֣
Ƿ̫ˣ
ȴǷ£
ȻҪõȴϣλֵܹĶȹ꣡
һֻǿʼ
ţһ죬λ߳ȥ߳Ӱָӣ
ΧĵģֻлҶɳɳ
Ŷ壬ԥ˺ܾãڻǽˡ


147 а
ҲûгĻܹԣѾһܴĽ
ʲôһʼȫͣ
Դûкֹ֮ȫЩܿˡ
ڶ죬һ±ţ⡣
죬廹˼Сˡ
˵죬ڴˡһƣ
ʲô
һΣڰ಻סˣüͷţǳĲãƺھˮǳų⡣
һָ۾뢣̫ڻʵۣ˹صĴѩɽʥɮٵͻʸ̫ʥءٵ߾졢˹ءͻʡ´ʳ֧󳼡
ԣûһǰǹؾأ٣ôѡ
һĻˣڶ±ţҲҲᣬǺ漸죬ȻǰԽԽݡ
ֹСˣھȻƴˡ
һӦú徲ܸţζĶȣӲıζȫˣ
ư
ͺ񿴲еĲáһ˵ţһ߰ѴľƱһŵǰȻһơ
ҲȾƣ
üûľƱ
Ⱦ£ǽ֮𣿡
ġ
Ȼ۹ľȨѾмʮأѾԶȨġǰ뱲Ȼžеϰߡ
ԲҲ±ţ⣬ǾǾԲմġ
Ǻǣ˼ңڿҵЦˡֻһСӣҲʲôɳսɵ󣿡
ĵ
䣬ֲŭĸоĻѹͨ˿Գܵ˵ġ
һˣηˡȴ˿Ӱ졣ֹˣһ˵ʱһԹ԰ԼǱˡǺܵľƣŨȺܵ͡
ƣּһ۵±ţ⣬ľ׽
ͻȻЩ㱡
ǰ
ôʱˣѾˣѾԼѾǸҲٺ;κεĽˡ
ڵʲôɵأ
һʱ䣬Щˡ
̫ڻʵۣж׹Ȩʼ¡
ǰ㲻Ҳԡ
ڴʱ忪ˣ
ܱĿͲúȾơĻͷһ㿴ô

ɫһ䣬ȴǲ¶ΪƾϡȻʱѲͬ˼ʮϰߣܹı䡣
үүˣүүˣԸľҪģԸľҪģ
ʱһ۵ԱߴཱུСͻȻӺ汧˹ֱۣʹҡΣһӵӡ
ո¶һϣͱˡ
֪Ϊʲôǰһμӣ;رͶԵҲ˲ٵȤ
ǰȫڲϵļˡ
ˣҴӦӦǣ
ҡΪεԡᡱǾͶԵ塭ڱսϵ츳ֱޡ
ڼʮУûмһһ¶ôǿ츳޷ӡ
ӣûа취Ӳĳ
̰ڿݺᣬʱ֮ϣٴαɱ䡣Ѿü죬ɱôܿˡ
ǰ̣һһסڳ̾ϢһץϵľƱһ
ǼʮûкȹƵԭһھȴǺˣȵ죬ſ˼Ρ
һĻСᡱԱ߶ùЦǳ˼
ҲЦ
ܶ飬ֻҪ˸ͷͣġȻǰ漸ʱ±ţ⡢Сˣλƾͳͳûж
ֻ֪Ҫھ֮󣬽жȻͬˡ
Զһ۵£˷ĬĬĿһĻҲ¶һ˿ЦݡþˣѾþûпӡ
Ȼͨ죬һǺˡȴڲǰʹ֮С
֪ΪʲôǸ꣬ǸֻСͻȻǳϲ
жûд
Ǳ¶֮ȷʵĳֶͻеĳֽɺ֮֮ļȻپܾżҲƬţ⣬ӵСˣڵСơ
ȻȵĲֻ࣬żôһ㡣Ǻǰȣȷʵ࣬ʱҲоղսսı
һֱ仯
𾴵ܹеһЩĽᣬҲˡ

ʱһĹȥʼû¶ݡҲӲ˵ƣȻÿ춼ȥڴ£һһ٣ͺһûʲô
ʱ䣬͹øһ¡ʮƽĿʵ循Ȳѣ
Ҳû뵽Ԩôֲļ۸ҲԽᶨߡƷ·ߡľ
ʮƽҲȫֲǰڵĿա
ͬʱڡаˡѰȴ˽֣ɳȥˣʼûλа˵ټ

壬ʲôվɣӣһһйءɺͳ
Ŷ壬˶üëƺЩá
ǰԽԽûмӣǰֻǴˮǰ˶ˣʼб塣
뾡Īʹ׿ն¡ҪôʲôֻҪľͺˡ
ȴЦģһ㶼Ϊ⡣
ʼûеԼݣҲֵװͿҪȻҪԼƾݣԼ治ôˡ
˫㡾ݣҲûôˡ
üվû˵ʲô̡ɫϣӱɱ䣬ֿҪˡ
ȣȣȣ
ʱͻȻһҵĿʱ򣬡Сᡱ֪ʲôʱߣ͵һ±ţ⣬ֺһСơ
±ţ⻹ûʲôǺǺƵʱȴ̲סǺסˣҵĿ
ȿȿȣúȣһ㶼úȣǶܼҵ̿أ
Сᡱһظһ߿е
һĻ̲סЦ
Сһ˭͵ȾƵģ
ЦȴһƬ磬ͺԼһ
ǣССͲѧã͵ѧ˼ҺȾƣ
Ҳ̲סЦһ̣ˣ·һӹԹ⣬ͻȻ֮סˡ
Сһո˵ʲô˵
ͻȻСһɲǣ·ʲôƺͺĳ˺ܾõĶҪˮһ
ߣ˵ľѺˣ
СᱧֱۣһĲ
һ
弱
ʲôǶܼҵ̿ƣΪûȹߣŲء
¡¡
һӹԺһͻȻ
ǶܼңǶܼҡûôˣ
һɲǣмޱȡ
ͻȻˣڡаˡǸʹá컯ȴƽӹĸ֡ȫˡ

Ǹ֣͹ǼҸ˼ңͳǶܼҡֻ֣ż˼Σȷȷʵʵɡ
廹ԼЩ˵Ƕܼƺһ־ơ־Ҵвû֪
ڵͲͨƽУȴǼ
־ƾǡܼҵ̿ơ
ҵǶܼңҵǸ֡ҵǸ֣ҵаˡ
һɲǣ֪Լҵˣ
ϲޱȣ


148 ģ
СᾪȵĿ뿪ġ
뿪ʱٴαɱôܿ䣬ϣ䣬ʣ޼λƾüͷˡΡ
ӹ뿪ֱȥ˳ǶȻ˼·ȻƵ۹Ȩһ㣬̿û֪ѰİУ־ȴ
ֻһҵܼҡ
һ޴ԺΧǽΧţΧǽϣһţһ˴ľ죬׺֣дţ
ܼ̿ƣ
ӭƮԶԶȥ͸ɫ͸һɰ߰ߵĺɫȻЩͷˡ
ôãһһֱûл죬ȻԼӷǳĽ
벻Ǹ͹ĵط
Űֵĵطһͣţ͸ܼҾƷипѡ
ȻܶǸ˵¼Ҳ֪ǰһ˼ҹ⻹һʶĵط
ʱС͵Ⱦƣ»֪ǰĵط
ӣȷʵиĵġ
ʱŴ򿪣һҵĻ˽̬
Ҳʹˡ˵֪ˡ˵ܼ˺ö꣬࣬ﻹиĸס˺ܱ֡ʵ࣬µ͵ڿңΧ˶ӡ󲻴
˵ͷ֪ȫϡ
ʮǰģʵͨ˲ûʲôڿҿҵĹԼûʲô츳ȴҲܿԼ˫Լ
ıˣΪǸ˵ģǸ˵ģӦûλصġаˡ
ƾһ֮һƽӹԸɱͨˣ˺Ǹúܶǿߡ
ʲôʱ¹𣿡
΢΢׵
ʹˣΪҪ̷ĸ׼ʱȥϹʱܶ࣬ҹǰҪȻܼܵʼ˿ʼϹʱѾʱˡ
ԣ¹磬Ҳȱ˹ܶࡣºڿңһܵˣܼҲֵ
ͷȻʵúϸ
ң˶֪ڵүǰүķݽдһУпܽүλãǰλСꡣ
ڣǶλүأ£ûвĵġ
ˣ
˵ͷȻ۾ĬĬȴ
֪˶ãͻȻ֮䣬ܼԺӵĴŴ򿪣һӰ˳
٣ģ
ˣ
Ҫȥˣ
ȥɡǾˣ

ܼԺ⣬һȺġ˷ڶһ͸ȥֻһӰվܼҵĴſڣǺʵЦš

Ժӹһͷ
ո¹ġġûֺֺܴܺڣӣ෴һɫۣȫĶܸɾ
ҲϴˣƤ͸һԭİ׾һƷһʡ
ңĵҲܸߣ߳߶࣬ӽ˳ߵӡվܼҵһȺ͹Ⱥ
ˣʵԸ񣬺ЦݣȴʹȻȻ˹͹;֮С
ҲóΧ˶Ӻϲ
ΧһһкıһҲûж룬ȻľͳŻؼҵķȥ


ʻĵĺ棬βţһ˾עľ롣
ɫǵļеĸӶţĵĲܿ졣ȻĲѾ൱ںܶСˡ
һֵŪﾭЩط̫խˣ
ȻЩ㣬Ӳ׷ˡ
һ·忴ڽֽǵĵطһöͭ壬Žһ˫ĿäС
һĲǽִӰóûóԵ緹Цι˼ֻӳԣЦݷǳĿġ
ںԶԶĿһĻипѡ
ǸģԶԶĿһΣݿ̰壬ûκεЦݣһʧȥһΪĳĿĶš
κ˿ܸо˲֡
ڼ˵ʵǺţ˿Цôģô򵥣ȴôʵ
ԽǿԽãеԸһȥȡеȴԸеȥһС
ţǸˣǰһĻһԸһȡڣ
һڸ𣿡
ٶԽԽˣˣ
ѵˣ

ͻȻһУǿԶһƬ㵡һֱǱź㶨ٶߡ
ι֮ͻȻԽԽ죬ֱӾˣͺʲôҪ˦һ
·ϵʱ䣬ʱ䣬ϻȥĸѡ
ĵ

һƬ㵡
Լɫɡʱȥĸ׾Ҫˡ
嵭
̧ͷŷƵʹҹɫѰ֪Ѿ쵽˳ʱˡ
ȴûᣬ˦ӣȥΪԶģŲֻп죬û
һ·ģһģһźʵéݣͰª
ΧһƬڰǷӴҹɫУΧʮɶû˼ңģһֺ綼뿪ĸо
ĸף
Ķȿȣ
һϵŲʹĿխСﴫƬ֮һյ谵͵Ȼһ󶣶ϴ
վһïʢ£ܿŵһ󷹲˵
ĸףǺˡ
ﴫĹƬ֮󣬷ĴӴ򿪣һƮ˳ҲǴӴ򿪵ʱ忴ĶСˣ˳
˫ӣֻС룬һյ谵͵ơ
忴һģһһСģͷ˿̫̫һƲͷţһֱǰֱвˡ
ӣԵ㣬Ե㡭
һĻ֪ΪʲôͻȻоЩģипѣЩ˵ĸо
һɲǣͻȻ֪Ǹˣʧȥʲôˡ
ûĻġ
Թ˺ܶණôУΨûᵽĸס
һТӣ̰ڣ컹ûϹһ˵ˣһ֮ڷǰЦ죬ƾƾֻΪһԼΪĸס
ǵɾǸΪǸʱһʧȥǹһˡ
һʧȥҪĶ
ͻȻ˺ܾǰһţ˵Ǹ֮䣬ɱ¾ΪĸױһȺͽɱˡ
ţûͷҲûȥֹҺܿͱ˵Ҳˡ
ԼҲû⡣
һ̣ͻȻ֮ˡû⣬һУ¶ǸаˡѲϵ
һТӣǲʲôͽġ
ΨһĿܣҲֻλ⵽ġаˡѡ
˵ġһЩ˵ֻѣ
뵽̲סһ̾Ϣ


149 ֣
ү
ипʱһŲ꺣һ£źڣӺҹ˹
Ѿˣʱ䣬⸽ûгʲôֵˡҲû˳֡
꺣ڵ󻹸żҵĻ
жֳܹ·һ·壬һ·꺣졣Ȼ·;һ꺣Ȼͬҵ
λаӦûûг֣
ع̧ͷյĵ㷱ǣ˼
ж屾ΪԼпˡаѾҵģǾġ
ڿԼֱ֪ڲŷԼӡеǼ£µڶûз
Ҳ˵Լлġ
⼸죬ǸеĻΧеĻ⣬֪ͨκ𩣬ʱκҵˡ

ǣеĻٷϴεɱ¼ô죿
꺣üͷЩҹͬ
ϴǰȡУذϹԪڣ˵ѾЩݿͳˡңпзˣ˻и̣ǿô졣
ģѾǰ֪ͨˡ
΢΢ЦɱָһҲûʲôвˡңԼǻһڡ
ʱ򣬰ڼǡһһڰټϰȡУذϹԪȻֻˣʵѾ൱޵ˡ
ɲʲô˶ܴȥֳʲô۶ģ
ˣǸĪ´ʲôϢ𣿡

ûС
꺣ҡҡͷ
ǵͨЩ֧ʹˡ֮вûһĪµˡи˺˺񡣡

üͷһ˵
ǵġү˵һǰѾ뿪˾ʦ֧ˡ
꺣Ϊû
ҹоģգ죬΢˵ĸоϵɱû⣬Ǹ֧Ī¶֡
Īʲôˣ岻
ԼûмǴĻϱӣһȸۡ
񣬺ͿʯŸոմɽ֧ʳӦûûȸ
ʱ䲻ܵûǲμԼ֯¥
һδȸˣȴܵԼȸֽΪˣϧɳݿᡢɱ
֮棬ʵԴȣ
ߣܵÿ죡
а
ɲʲôģҪȸֽǿʵֻ֪ǻӣδͻع⣬һʵһʹǾǸռ鱨̽ʵļ
δʳʹ֮ս̽ʵռ鱨û
һʵ̫ƻ嶼û뵽ȸ֮ǰȻѾ뵽˴ƣһĪ¡
ϱӾǸӵܣҲֻûϵõ
ңһǳһʧܣԶǧᡣ
δһִܳʳ֧ɹĵͷӣûԭġ
´Ҽɥʱ򣡡
һĹâܿ콫ԺԸԺ£а˲Ҫġ
ļƻУ컯мҪһûſ湦̶ڣԼԴﵽǰֵز
ûΪ书ôδⳡӿشУԼͺӵʱ֣вһţı£ı˵
Զ˵컯ǱҪõġ
ֻеõ컯ٵõǰġ߻ϣƩ뼼ãܷѸٵļڳһĵ֮У
ߣ֮󣬼ƻ֮ؼҲҪһ
ֻеõ컯Ŀ湦֧֣ܷӳɱ񣬷ɱ
컯ҲֻϡܷӳԼһ׵Ŀ
žѧҪͬʱõѶȷǳ֮
ϱӻû˳ɹ˵붼ķ顣֪пܡ
ңҲֻԼпܴϱû飬Լʹ
δǳϯµĴƽУ硣
꺣һ齻㡣
忪ڵ
үʡ
꺣ԥ
κ𩣬ܼǵļһ¡ʹʲô취һڵȥһĹκĸףɼбƽƽĹһӰɡ

ġʼǸʱըа֮ڤڤǣġŪģԼٶ໤ԼֹҲпܰһ裬Ȼľаˡ
ôǰͻٴݡ
а˽͡컯Ϊаˣĸױɱٴ̤ϲɱ¾գҲؽΪºͣƽӹʣԼɱͼƽٴϱӵı硭
Ще˵һЩ˵ȴǡ硱
Ĳʺϡ컯Ҳ޷Ԧ
ֻԼпܷá
ĵóԸĸƽƽҸĹһӣҲøϲЩɱˡԼҲԽ컯ȥԼûɵʹ
⡭õİţ
꺣ɻѣҪǸĻ⡣ϾǸТӣǻбʲô˼
ĵʲôֵүôӵģ
꺣оԽԽˡ
ˣ꺣ǻشķǳɴࡣ
ǣүȥ죡
꺣˵תߣû˿ĺ
źһУûоκˣĵ뿪ˡ

żҵһˣʣµȫʵĵ׿󡣶£żһҲҪڹˣ
뿪ǶʱżҵĸһȺżҵԪҲΧһ𣬳ü硣
ǰǿһһƷԭʯ
ԭʯҲͬʱżĴ
ھе⵽̡³ƵҵĴѹջԻޱȵżң񣬿ҪҴѹɽˮĵزˡ
żҪ־棬ͱҪҵµĴͿ̸ף
ƵĿѾ̽ĴͿ
żҲھµĴ̸סʯ¶ڵرǱڴ
ҪӴޣ׼ȷҵڳһµĴͿڴ롣ңҲ֪ûµĿ
Ͼô꣬̽ĵطѾ̽ˡ
ңγҲҪܸӵ˵ֻҪùһڵġ


150 żңһ
ҵ˼Ǹҵĳ幫̸̸ǲ׬ǮǮǺԡȸڵͷ죬ż˳Ūȸ֣һѹҡڿ飬ȫԻͼ֮ҲõļĿڿգгݶᱻ̡ơ³Ҽ
һżҳϵ
ʵĿԴԣ׬Ǯô򵥣ζߡһȱƵгݶһ١
ҾŹֻᡣ
гݶһ٣ҪָɾѵġҾҲгݶҪǣǻӦġ
һгݶ٣Щʦ¿ɸɣͻ뿪壬ļȥ
һûˡﻹдǮҲôǮˮûлǮʣҲɢջǳ졣
żϵңΣգԶΣϤˣҲٿ־岻
ûپһΣա
Ҳ˾ۼԭΣѾﵽ˼صĵز֮ھͻᱬ
ڴ֮ǰ˱Ҫ취
ûõģ¥֮ǰǻлᡣڡҲ֪ڽеĵȻʮۣôôó
һԲԲĳϵ
һ仰˵˶ĬȸѾΪһ˵һ߰£һѵʮƽ𣬶Щ˵ȫǲġ
룬˶ܸоһɾ޴ѹ
¥֮ǰ˵ֻǽ֮ڳÿһ˶ʦү
ڣǸʮѾĴڡȸֺиɽֹһĴڡ
ʵ飬δȫУ
ͻȻһżͻȻڣ˵ע⡣
ż죿˵ʲô
һżҵǸӣżӴģⷽҲзȨ
ǵΪֹûҲû˭ȸȻۣȴһ²ųһ
ż컺˵
ż죬˵ʲôֱ˵ɡ
żҼһż˼
ҵ˼ǣȻôˣĿǰΪֹһˡȸô£һļڱֵ֧ѹȻɺܶࡣ⣬żҵĻᣡ
żһڽе뷨˵˳
һ˵ôҲȲһҴ塣ⷽ沢ûо飬ҪⷽİʦֻġЩǿչĵطţΪֻҪչ㹻ĳ⣬λ幫һӦġ
żһģ˵ȸֵôף漰ʮƽ⣬˭³
ǣҲǲôɵġǴʱ˿̣Ѿû̫ѡˡĿʱڿգϢʱȥѾȥˡ
һԣܱʲôҪá
ż죬Ҫʲô
ҪſȨұµȨ
ԣҴӦ㣡ֻҪ̫ޣ㶼Էȥʱϣʾ
żҼ֣ص
ǣ
żϲ

ҵĸۡ鷿УǰһŵԼָ¡һѰңͬʱ¿ھڻ˴ʱ֮ǣԼʮĵطҵе
һ˰ĻƽڳɹƬ󴢲صɽȫڴ־ݣ˵ұע͡
֪岻֪սһӴĲƸ
ƸĿģӴҲҪ׬ǮսǾ޴ģģҲ
еսУսеģϾأ
ƻеӴսеġ
һսУʵȵ£װһԿռݼơ
ʳ˵ȸֵ˵⡣
δսʤߣҲδսߣҲʤ㲻ʤǡӱϵݡ
һսڿʼ֮ǰѾʼˡ
û˱ףδжٴսǺͿʯҲãǾ޴Ҳã˵һжΪս
ھͿʼ׼δܸõӦδǳɽХغƽ٣
֮ܳǰڻ֪
ֻһǳʵǣ
ȻӵӴĲƸڵľȴûȥ˵ڶʱڣӴսе
ȻֵʮĿȸֵԨսеĴ죬ҪȴӴĹģ˿
һ棬óġ
ȥǼˣ
а
ھûбš̡ơ³ȼҸõˡ۹ģЩһ¼ҹܱȵġ
үżȡż
˼ʱͻȻһУŤͷ꺣ͷĴ˽
̫ˣ˵ܲٲܲپ͵ǽ
۾һȻλվ

ԼҵĿȡżġ
²һû䣬ȡżǰѾʼԾıеˡ
תƣ˷ǡ
ڲҪˣҪˣ
ӣΣΪ˺Ϳʯġ֪ӿɲԺǺ
ż룬ǾżɽԼֱӵżУмأмĿܶǻܾԼġ
ʵȴȡżʷϲ
ԣ
Ļشֻ֣֡һ顣ӴĿͻȻһƬš
ԣ
ż쾪ɵ޴Ĵ㵣ȫӦ
ԣ
嵭ٴظԼĻ
ԣ
ҲסˡֱԼĶ䣬Ǽ縺ž޴ʹϵżҵ˰ܡ
Ѿʧܵ׼ĻشȻ˵ļ򵥣
ԣ
׶˶ţ
ȡż컥࿴ŶԷ˶Էеľϲ𾪡Ҹ֮죬Щʷϲ
У
żһܿԼƽȸ̺ž޴̻˭״Ӧġ
ż֪仰һġ
ôӵʲô
żС
ݹȥһ͵ɫҲǵһνӴˣʹ˵Ƿ㡣
Ҫżң
忪ڵ˵еġͼ
ɣ
ȡżüͷǰ꣬ɻȻ˴뱲ӣˡ֪û˵ʲôɡ
ʲô˼
Ȳ


151 żң
ܼ򵥣ԲֵĺͿʯΪۣ뾩żҡżҿԴõͿʯңΪżҵһλˣ
һָŵ
ⲻܣ
ͬʱĻסˡ
ȱžܾҲҪӹżҡżҼȻƹܴ󲿷ֵȨżȻšԭȨȴҪöһָҡ仰˵żֻǴԭһһһСѡ
嵭
ǾҲԲСѾǵĵޣ
ż졢żȻϾżҵĲҵ֮ǰ˭Ҳϲġ
𣿡
ЦЦƳһۣ
ȸʲôҲڵģһȸļǮ൱߰ʮϰıֻҪõʮ飬൱ǧѱˡ
һʮ죬Ǿżһѱ𣿡
ȡżסˡ
ȷʵߵĸ߶·ߡȸȫšơ̡³Щȫġ
żһ󣬿»ȲǮ
飬˵żһܵϵĿ
ĳ̶ֳϣżһ棬׬Ǯ
ǮƽȨ⻹Խܵġ
У幫ӣ˵̫Խˡ
żɫص
ҪڹˣҲԽ𣿡
ϵһڣĵ
¡
仰߲ͣ˶Уһףɫ԰ףȫޱȡ
˶壬ɫ֣ȫһɫ
Ǿͺ뱻˷ֵ¶һ
幫ӣ㡭
촽£Բ۾˵ˡ
żûõ£⣬ͳͳ˷Ȼ֪
Ǻǣȡż죬û´ĻżӦõڶûзµĿɡƵȶӦżڵгķݶܿͻᱻռȻҲСҹʱ䡣ֻҪôҾͻѸٸ
ʱǻᱻĸ죬˥Ҳ졣һ㣬˵ûɣ
²豭
ô֪ģ
ңȫ֮ǰƺ͵żҵѨû˱Ǹ˵мĿֵܳġ
һȥгϴʯֱӸңǵˡҪġ
ԣɽϳ⣬żһҶκεľٶɡ
Ц
żҵĴȻ֪Ϊ˵ģδżġû⣬żҵûѳɶ֡
һǵڽʧԴľ޸岢ΪԼ֮Σǡǡ෴ԼȾżҡ
ϣܺúõĿһ¡ȸʲôҲ֪š̡³Ƽһֱݣżܹõҵİȸ֣ôһᳬ̡³ƣΪĵһң
ûƽ޹ʵĺôóȸ֣Ȼϣ档ʣżʲôõóҸȤģ׬ǮżӦ׬ûҶɣ
֪ûȨޣȥǼúǿǰɡȿǺˣҰɣ
嵭
ǿŤĹϲȻҲϣżң׳ԼʵԼļƻ飬żҲûõġ
ΨһƻܴǣżȷʵһΣüޣṩǸΣĻᡣ
öȳһֵĿȨԼżңЩȥʵϣԾż˵ǲɽܣ෴ʵ治𣬻ܴ
ż졢뿪ġ
磬żҵļͳǰ
幫ӣ֪żңöȨķȨ˵ȸ֣øɶٸǣ
żҼɫأֱ⡣
һμżҼϱӣԼӵк죬ûʼЩҼ
ϸŶλδҪĺ飬żҼһİ£мַţֲʧ۾뢵ȣҪǣ˵£ɾоϡ
ȡż죬ͳԼǰ
Ҵ壬ϰĴУöȼĿȫɽܵġ壬ǿǿǣҪԥܾá
żҵļôϡ
жϡѰܹġһ㣬Լľûдġ
ܼ򵥣
΢΢ĿƣλҵĴǰһչ¶ԼٵҰģ
Ҫżҽһҡһ룬Ȼżҹ򣬶Ҳֻҡ״ɣڿʼҪʮڣżҶȫΪҷʮżҵȻдȫ˳żңȨȫǣҲǿԵġ
ʮꣿ
żҼȫ벻ͨôƷʲôżȻȸıǳ֮⣬żҵĲ͹ģһġ
żҵʮ겻ͣƷﵽһ˵ĵز
żҼŪףҪôƷʲô
û⣡
Ȼɻ󣬵żҼشȴǺԥҪ󣬱ҪࡣҲ֪ΪʲôżҼܸоƺżҵĿȨĵģĿģƺżЩƷ
νɡΪ˷ѡ
żҼֵֺĸо˵
Щû
żҼɵĿĻô򵥡̫࣬õ̫٣˲š
ͼ˵Ȼɣ
һЦҲӣ
꺣ˡ
żҼɻĿУ꺣һľƵķ򿪺ӣֻеһͼֽ
żҼԽɻ
ɣ
ƣ˸ơ
żҼ˵ͷСͼֽͼֽʶһ޼ͼֽʹͳ޼ͬ
廭е޼ĵһֳּͺ޼رǿһֻǿһ˾û
ڶͼֽͲʶˣͺһ޴ǽڣֲһĸһЩֵı߽߱ǽǡ
ͼֲֽһˣһЩíһĶ
ź͵ֲͬģǽϿĴССĶ
ź͵ֲһ

һſȥżҼеɻԽԽΪҵļʲôֱʲôֵ֪
Щ˵һ֮⣬ûһʶġ
Щֹ֣һǽڣȫͬĶżҼһָоƺĳ־޴еĲ֡
ƺֻǽһֶѡ
ǾеżҼȴͷһǿȷģͼֽϵЩԲǹưϼġ
սе
һͼֽϵ޼żҼԺеһͻȻʲôޱȡ


152 ܣ
Ҫĺܼ򵥡ʮڣżҲͣҽЩͼֽϵĶеĶ밴ҵҪߵı׼졣е븽ʮϵļģﵽҪ󡣡
岢֪żҼʲô֪Ҳ⡣ʳָû棬ֶٴ죬һֺģнĸо
ʮϵļģĳɱǸߵˣ
żҼü
㶼ҪΪҪ췴ˣʮģ֪Լˡ
ǾͲصˣĵǮҶ֧ģ
嵭
ʲôȱǲȱǮȻĵķ÷ǳ󣬲Լʵȫ⡣
Ǿûˡĵ飬ǰ渶ҲûġȻȸأ
żҼ˵Ťͷ壬һעɫ
ġ
ӵһֵżңû30Ҳûйϵżģһ¢ϣأֿȵȸ֡
ֻȦ֪ǰ꣬ȦӵиߵĶôµĵλ
30ƽһȦӶˡеˣ굱
ܹ£ܶ൶˿°׸ɶԸ⡣
ϧһλײβҵŵҲʲô˶ܽġĻгתһȦǰͻ֪ȦӵжôӴӰ
Ӱټȸͷܺ;żϵĻôżҵӰһ¥˵ģΪġһҡҲȫܵġ
ԭ
ܼ򵥣ȸ֣ͿʯҿԸǣ20000ƽһö٣ǵ£޹ءǣ˶پʯһǵȸֲܹҵͷ
ڶÿٰȸҵġһ³۵ԲܳİѡԺ᲻ģʱһ֪ͨǡ⣬Ŀǰ׶ΣȸֻܶԽ
ָͷ
İѣô٣ܲܶһ㣿
żҼ΢΢üͷ
٣ԲУ
ЦЦźܺ˵ܺ˵˼ȴǽȻ෴
ϡΪȸôˣû۸𣿵ȻպǾżּФʹһȸ棬ҲûʲôֵģԲԣ
ӢģżҾԻϸִк͹ӵԼ
żҼһѾȫˡ
˵ģϡΪȸֵ̫࣬ǾǮˡǣżһĺϣôӰȸֵļ۸񣬶һһǿгȸֵļʡ
ֺУıȽﻹ
Ƕ⻹Ƕڣȸ󶼴ﵽ󻯡һ棬ǰȻѾǵķǳ͸
һ㣬¾Ҵļδرȵù
һ飬عҲ֪Ѿ޿ˣ
żҼͫ͸һ˿
żҵĿɽѾҪڿգⱾ˫⣬ҲżҵĶ̰壬żҼӰ

ЦŴӺվƺһϵżҼдһ˵
Ǿ͸ýˡµĴѾ׼ˣ
˵ţһ׼õϣ˹ȥ

ŻǰĵżҼ壬һ¶𾪵ɫôҲû뵽ż⣬ϵż˥Ĵ⣬Ȼͱˣ

żҵļǴž޴뿪ġҿż뿪ʱŵһֻл㱣ŵĸо
Ѿܶˣ׵ΪһΣŵһֳ飬еĸо
үȸֵǳΪʲôҪøżңԼﲻǸ𣿡
꺣֪ʲôʱߵߣĵ
ң꺣¡ô˵ˡȸ̺̫档
꺣ʼոоԼһԿԵ̫ˡ
Ϊſ󰡣
嵭
ԼȸȻһԨɾʮۡ
˵һӶ
һ²ųһϾ̫ˡȴԼȥҲ۸ˡ
żңͳõѡ
γ˸ߵͼεƷƣӰԼͬʱ̶ܹȵ׬ȡ档
ǮԼܹһļƻ

żҵЧʱĻҪö࣬һֽżҵǾ޴ġڵϣͺ;żҴЭ顣
żʮƽļ۸ɽɵĿȨͬʱһƴȡֺͿʯĴȨ
ڽܶﵽһʮ̫޴󣬾żûôʽˣżµĻʱ䣬ڶʱڣԻƽʽ˫̶ʽȫ壡
ʱûж⹫ݣżҵĳ⣬֪

ʱۣ֪ȥ
գ¸ҹ˾˯ʱ
ʦǶܼ̿ƴԼһɵĵطӰͣҹɫУһӰչ·һ㣬ݼԵıߡ
ͽҰ缺Ȼҹˡҡ
Ӱԣ̹ɢһŨҵɷһͷһɫ£ϸȥȴһͷɢңҧгݵĺڷˡ
ؿڣѪָصģȴϵһֻӺ󷽣ֱӲģһࡣ
ͽҲŹģһŹģ
ҧгݣ˫֮׹ɫ¾ȻѪɫģ·ʬɽѪһ㡣
¸¸£
ԵĴУһֻֻҹŨҵɷ𣬷׷׼ţХ𡣸ԺһֻֻҲȻѣ׷ײ
ô£ҹģ⹷ڽʲô
µķ𴲵Ľ
Ǻڷ˽һͻȻһȶ˼ƥߣӷϵײΧǽϣˤ˻谵۵ӣ˹ȥ
Ѫ飬ͣĴѪҺϵϢԽԽһͷںڵͷҲ֮ɺڱףۿɼٶȣɷҲϱס
ֻգ֮䣬ͷĺڷ˰׷˵ڵϣϢ΢һ

˻֮󲻾ãӴɽʹ󺣰ϢͻȻ֮ԶЩٶ죬ȫΣֻģӰӡ
ಣ
ֻգ֮䣬ȰӰͳˤķϿաֻоΣգͻȻ
꣡
һߣһӰֻŤͷһۣʮ⣬ֻڹش۶ǿ֮Ѫſڵϣһ
ͷӾܲԶ
ɽ𣬵ʱľˣ
ϸңһҪҵ

ӰվݼϷ·һɨΧĿն΢΢Ťˡ
Զ˵ӰѸٵĳ˵Уһ̣˻׵ͷ˵Ŀܿƿˡ
һϲؤѣᡣǿߣ

ಣ
Ҳû⼸ôһ̣Щ˱ʧգ˭Ҳô뿪ġ



153 аˣ
峿Һ԰˴ָǿŴԲġС
꣡
һĹڴѨ֮УֻȺ֮ڴﵽ˻أ
СЧãȻ֮ǰǿˣ
һƬϲ֮ǰȣԸоԼ˲١ҪǣأĴﵽԲľ磬֮ǰǿȣӣһ
¡
һУߵĵطһɽ屬ɷĩĳ̶ȱ֮ǰҲӵ׳ۣŨֲɢ
ȴûжʹĸо޳ɻǵͬʱƤҲǿʹ˺ӡ
ٶȣ
ĿѩѸٵΧɨһۡҵլľֵĲ٣ȸҲ١
ЩѾøʣµĸιʳȸ͸ˡ
Ŀɨһۣܿ쿴һֻͷڲԶ÷Ծ
ֻ
һϢ΢΢һЦһ̣䣡ΧըһХͬͻɽһ㣬ٵĳ˹ȥ
ౣ
ͷ̸оΣգҪ񶯳ɣˡһֻ޳𪣬ȴƷٵĺ£ֻһ£ֺܿɿˡ
㣡
ͷܵţָ˳ȥ
ǺǣĹȻ˺ܶࡣ
΢΢Űͷ̴շߣ¶һ˿Цݡϴʹһеʱľ
һβͬȻȴϴε֮һ
ǻ뱪ǵԪģȫһġ
үү
ϲеʱ¡ͻȻʮ𼱵Ĵ˽
үүˣ˵Ǹ˳ˣܼ̿ƲԶĵط
ʲô
仰վо͵Ļعͷ

¡֨֨ɲ꣬廹Ǵŷô¡ķԸҵĻڳǶܼ̿ƣ·߸޵
ȵķԸЩֻ۲죬з֣ͨ塣ֻǣʮȥˣʲôûз֡
ֱ죬ܼ̿ƵĸͻȻһˡ¡Ҳ֪ǲҪҵģȷʵʱΨһķˡ
˵ľ𣿡
忴ʮǵӰһ׷ˣź£͵ڵϣϢ١
Χв˾ȴûһһۣ˵Ԯˡ
ǵֵ﷽Բ֮ڣûˡ˶ӡͺͻȻ֮һϦֵġңϵʱ򣬻һΣֻԹȥˣˣ
һֵﾭŵһɵѪζֻǣҼǵүԸֵҲûϸȥ鿴
¡ѹ
üͷ˼
Ҳ֪ǸڵϻԵǲǡаˡһλϣʵ̫١
ϱӵģҲ䣬ἰҲ޴ӵ֪а˵׳ʲôʲôϲʲô磿
ЩͳͳûУȷĸаˣĸǣ
޷ȷԷݣһǿȷģǾǶԷԲһͨˡ
٣һͨ˾Բʲôˣ
ߣȥ״Լֲ˶ã
һ˵ţһվ첽ǽµ˹ȥԷ״̬ǳԷаˣҲɾôվβܡ
ⲢԸ
ȵȣү
¡һæ˹ȥ
ֵǸſڵϣ׳ţȴ뿪һ
߹ȥԶŵһѪζ
ܵˣ¡˵ĻҪأ
΢΢ü
ȻѾˣƾϱӵľΪԼԸֵ˵Ϥһ۾Ϳ˵ıһһǺĵλá
µ֣Ļݵô׼
忴ŻԹȥˣԺһͷǿеʱ򣬾ǶҲʱܶݵô׼
ֻ֣Żһ
Ҳ֪ʲôɲһܳܵġ
а
⸽вٵĹӶ־ݵ㣬֪ľڿϢңǳ΢Ҳ޷жϳʲô
Ūʳˮ⣬мôȥ
Ըһ˵ţ̽ȥ˵壬Ҫ
ˣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬彫ɲǣͻԭϢңԡѵİ׷˻۾˫Ŀ֮бޱȣһĿɱ
ã
һݣȻһǿҵΣգŵȻһҪȥ뿪ˡ
Ȼû˿һֻݣǿ·ǯһ
㵽ʲôˣ
ɫɫֻһ飬ȫɢøɸɾǰȻһʹ
㣡
󺧣ǰˣ˵ˡһĻʵǳԤϡ
˿Ϣ΢ʵǿԼ׾Ϳ൹ԼոսԪ߽׵ΪǰȻһ㷴ûС
Լϵһۣ֪ʹʲôַԼڵԪȻһ㶼ʹ
ﬣ
屻˿סͬʱ˷һ
ſҼү
϶ʲô
ſүĻǲˣ

¡ʣڻΧסɫޱȡǸոջŰ˾ߣû뵽תۼ䣬ϼһȻͶԼү֣¡־ֱ޲ðΡ

Ⱥ󾪺ͻȻһĻΧ·˶ˣһߣ׷ܿ
ߣ˭ҹ͵үʬɣ
ӹһĨɫָһգʹһȫҧͷ亹ˡ
˼ҡǡʲô
ʹϸ΢˵ûˡ
ߣˣ浱ҿ⸽ȫˣǼˣپĴΡΪƭùҵ۾𣿡
һֱѰʲôɣ˵ǲǸģ
˵˿סָּӽ֣һ˫һаȴɱ¾Ϣ
һɲǣ͸Էĸоһ־
ֻҪԼش𲻶ԣֻҪԼһִ˾ԻԥɱԼĿǾʦ
˵ɱһֻǶɱһֻϣ˵Բʲô𣬸ʲô˼ɡ
ˡаˣ
ȫ亹ͷͻȻ֮˶Էݡ


154 飡
һֱѰҡаˡҲһֱҪȷݡ󣬡аˡҵˣȴһԼʼϲķʽ
˿ȷޱȣ˾ԾԼѰٵġаˡɡϱ¶аݽıŰпνġͽҪǣûһ˿ԱԼ͵Ϊȴ׵ƷԼ
ӦԷľ顢ӦʶȫѹԼܴﵽһ㣬ԷΪԴﵽ˾׵ĵزǰԼҪߡ
УʺϸģҲֻǸصġаˡˡ
ֻȷǰݵͬʱҲԼзһ޴ԼһֱڿѰҡаˡȴλһλɱĲħͷ
ҪѰλаˡҴá칦еôףо޴Σա
˶ǻġ
ȫȷδа˻һˡΪȥȫһˡ
ֱ仯ǲһλڵаǸովѵʱеаͶɵԸ񣬸ǰֻ࣬١
Լײȶ׺ݣõʱ
鷳ǣձ
Ȼڸˣǵʱ򣬵ԡ;ڣұԶԼ
ԼڳǶܼ̿ƲãѰаˡŪɳ׾ʶˡû뵽ġ
ڣûһõ˵ȴԼľ·һ
񹦡Ȼô׵õģ
Ժֻʣһͷ
ԽǿѧԽԵõԼӵ֪ƣҲˡ岻òϣԼֲ͹λаˡ
Χĵģռš
¡ˣԺϵ꺣纮˪ѿޱȡ
˶ע⣬ֻҪа˸ʲô˺ԼүһǰٳƬ
˼ңŪˡûУ
ɫ԰ף򶨵
ڣһθоϵһΣաŨҵԶԷϵѹһѴĦ˹֮Լͷʱ
аˡδǻƵģǶδ£ڣǸаˡ
֪ܴܲаѣͽ˵ˡ
ߣϷǰװͿ𣿿ǲˣ
аЦһ͸¶һɱСӻ˵ʵΪù
аЦһָȻս꣬ڴ죬ȴǹͷˡ
ס֣

쿪ү

־ͨ죬Ҫ֣һԸˣȴͶر¡Ǿŭӡ
˵Ϣ֪ͨģҲһġһǰ̣˻Ű̧ȥþΣһ̾ͷ顣
˼ңŪˡȷʵˣҵȴ㣡
ʱ򷴵侲
ڵġаˡδǸġаˡһ׺ݡթɡյаħͷ
֪ԼʱһĽҡ
ҪҵһЩɱָ©֮㣬ɱңҽ˵ϳҵõϢǵ˺ܿܶڳǶһ㣬ʾ
򶨵еȫƵɱָϡаʶƣȻβжڶ࣬󲿷ֵõѰμɵˡ
ٲ֮⣬֪֪ô¡
ңҲʶ˵Ǹʲôǽŵڣôܻӱ˵Ļ¡
˵ţȡһҵơһƴͭƣͼƵ룬һֻ޴Ļͷ־淴һ˶ҡ
ǵ̵Ľŵڵƣ
ֶˣ
Ȼаˡǰһ̻ɱݣа죬һ̣Ƴ͢ŵڵƣеɱȥһ롣
Ȼӵܣ
һɣûô¡еҵƾ͵а˵ƣٿе꣬а˵Ӳѡ
͢ɾͬ硣
ǰСǽŵڵãôȻǸͽһСӻûôָͣʹƳ͢Ľ֮ҡ
벻ǣõԹ֪
ͣ
һɫϸӰаеǺӰ磬лһΣַɻ
Ŀ£꺣¡˿ǾȻһöͭǮ
ʲô
һǰոһоѲһ̣Уһƴڻϵ
аû˵ľһ̣һطԶ䵽С
Ȼû
ƣаˡԭ͡ȻЩǽŵڵĻȻԼġ
飬»Լˡ

оϵѹ˲٣жʱһԼ֪Ⱦû֪
аˣҲ֪ԼȻʶǸͽȷȷʵʵǳġ
һأԼǹˣ
ǰ㿴˲ᡣһǴȥˣ
Ŀڵ
ˣ
Ļа˱һЦ
Ǹͽ˹ᣬҵߴʮѨҵΡڣҵʵѾٲһһԽԽ죬ҵĹͻȫɢܹõʥƷ˵ҩпܱһ
ϧֶֻлҲУҪõֵҩ̸ףڣһжˡͽͽǾԲŹ㣡
а񼤵뵽ߴ۵һھѪˣǧ֮һ𱬷ǰһڣȻ֮ͻ˹ȥ
ɱ
쵰
ү

Χ꺣¡һһֱţаƷһ͵ĳ˹ʮѵ˲ܵа˵Ĳϡ
һȣ
弰ʱȰסˡ
үáǺľȴ㺦㡣˹ҧɱ˸ɾ
¡߷ߵոյ붼ΣգҪʲô£治֪ôү˽
ģҪɱɱˣǵöͭǮǳǵĲӹʲô

ԲͬʱһʶһûԴ˵ΪҪɱǣƾöͭǮҲɱ׼һѴ֮
˿ȴûˣעܿ䵽˻Բѵаϡ
óķ˵ĲᣬӦûзˡĵĲ
֣Ϊʲôƻôأ
忴ŵϵаˣɻѡ
а˵˵죬ĹͻɢĻδôĴô书
һָоԼаƺϱҪصĶࡣ
ʶġ
ѵΪԼĵıĺа֮ˣԲŻֱ仯
ڲ˼ʱ򣬵֮ҪаˡĻ컯ľҪΪˡ
Լ֮ǰôŬҲҪˡ


155 ʦ
꺣¡ҴȥϽ͵ôԺ
峯к
Χ۵ѾԽԽ࣬嵹ΧۡаˡǸͽڵĻɲʲô¡
꺣˸ɫ߻⣬
ؤҲ֪ġȻҶү̧ȥݺݽѵһ٣Ȼ͵ȥ
ҵĻ⣬а̧
ΧһȺȺ·˿ʼĺ棬Էֻһõؤһģ׷ɢȥ
ȻҲһϸĵģа˳֣Ϊ鲢ô򵥣Ͳסټϲû̫ϵҲûȥ̽ˡ
ꤣܿ뿪ܼ̿Ƹ
ĵġ
аë̺ϣһϢ΢ͷţɫӲѡһңɼġ컯ȻԼɹˡ
ڣصġаˡڽ֮ĵطǰԼġ
ˣ֪жǳɹ
ĩҪ٣аĶ֣ǾԲɻȱġΣҶҪ취κ
尵д˷
ϱӣа˰ѱĹඥġҲһԾΪĸ֡
ΪҪɡ컯Ϊĸ֣δҪһаˡ
õİ취ͬʱȫ
аĳǿߣ书ˣ顢۽硢ʶͨ˿Աġ
컯ֿ湦ֻϣܷӳ
ңаɱ飬ޱߵɱոԼ˶ǻġ
δġаˡΣ֮󣬻תΪƣǰȻͬƾһ㣬Ҳֵ뾡취ȥ
ֹǾ취ȫĸ
ԺתЩͷܿѹ
ʥƷʥҩ֪ŵҩвУ
һܿӻȡһö˶˵ҩŵҩָŰԼġȻ֪ǲʥƷҩŵҩȷʵǻʹеɡ
ˣҽȻ֪ǲʥƷ˵ҩ룬Ҫ˵ҩǿĶࡣ
ţֿа˵򦣬һԲγε˵ҩ˽ȥ͢õʦƵĵҩڼڣ򼴻
ֻһҩΪһ֭ˮа˵ĸС
Լ֮һɺɫа˵ϸֳƤ԰࣬ʱҲ¶һѪɫ
ԭޣҲĺҲô׳ȶ
ãǶʮƽûа׻
帩ӣ̽һгһ뵱Ϊ˼νİӰЩʦˣԼǻ˶ʮġ·ߡ
һжֵõˡ
ЩʹõʦƵ˵ʦЧñĻҪǿЩҩаˡҪɢˡ
꺣ȥָšζҪŪöҩҪȻµĶҲУЧԽǿԽãٶԽԽã
ǣӣ
꺣˵תƿţŲմأһ·űķ򼲱ȥ
һ£
꺣ȥ֮󣬳Ƭָ̣ıע⣺
ȥôˣȥ԰
԰ǹø幺򡢰ŵסѾкܾˣԼôСͰȥ̫ãһֱûнȥס
аˣҪ徻Ҫ԰徻أʺϵĵط
ꤣתһ䣬ֱϵķ
һͿһľԺӣΧСï֮ܵУԵرš
ڵĹŵĵطһŸϣдľ԰
жܿԺ
԰ܴеһжֳɵġ԰ˮء¥̨ͤ鿡԰᷿Գһɴζ
Ժȴûеġ
ʲôѾ御ū͡ͳͳûС廹ûסҲǿһˡ
ſţԺءκ˲ÿ
ָӵ
ǣӣ
Ӧȥ
а˷ŵϡԼʱ֮꺣ͷ󺹣ʹĴŸ˵ҩϹˡ
ָȷʵ˵Ҫ˵ܿ͵ҩЧǿ˵ҩǰԤ֧壬Ǯûա
ŻʹеĶʥҩιȥа˵ϢԺ࣬ϵ˿Ҳʼ衣
Լʱ֮󡪡
ǣ
ǿָͻȻӴһסĲӡ
֣
֣

һƬңаڻͻȻ֣˴ʧɫ׷װεʡָֻ֮ǰͷϽŵա
ѵ£ֻǱӦˣ
嵭ɫ·аץĲԼĲһ
а˺ķʶ
а
ֻһ˲ֻ֪а˵ıܷӦʵԽǿˣ䱸Խǿһ˿ͻ
ϱӵԼааħͷȻ͸ˡ
Сޣң
ϣаڷӦɿָǰľЩİ
СϵģǽǸҪԼꡣ
ǵġ
Цûзϡ
ﾲĵģа˴ӽĿɨһۣܿϳԼĳ᷿֮С
𣿡
а˵
ǡ
ЦҡҡͷЦûȷа֮ǰҰаִħͷԼȥ
а˱۾¶ɫܿ죬ͷһ˵ʵ
κҵƣȻлʥƷҩ
аһ۵ĳԾ
ȻӦеǺܿоˡڵ֮󣬾Ȼõ߰˰ˡ
һΣԤԼҪɢġڣڵԪȻֹͣйȶ
ҲζţĹûɢһ
ǰѵˣҸ˵ģǽ֮󣬼Żҵ˵ҩȻС
ڴ齱ߣ̹Ȼ΢΢͸һ˿
аŷӦȷʵ˵ġ͢еʥƷȻѵá
Ϊ֮󣬻δôѡ
Ⱑ벻ϷᱻһӵȡϷµİŰɡ
а˿Ц̧ͷŷϱĪ⣬þò
ޣԸϷϥһֻҪӦΪʦҾͻڡδϣӦһ
ˣ
仰ֱ㷴Ӧٳٶۣ仰Ҳô¡Լڴˣа⵽ѺͰ֮иʵûа취ɸھһŵӣԸǸͽ
컯ſڳԼչ¶һ˿⡣һ컯ڳԼ֡
Ը⣡
дϲԥĹаǰ
һΪͽ컯ķģսΪͽ㲻ǡ˵ʲô֣
壡
ã壬ķһͽܣֻҪ㲻ңʦҲᱳ㣡
ʦ
æе
ķһӰ
а˷ЦΪޱУû뵽Ȼϣ
ڶˣޡҲκһΪӡ
岻ͬǽ֮󣬳͢ˣûй˿ϸ
ûչ͢еȨӵΪͽ
飬ֵһԡ
ŷЦ˿ĻҲԼ˿аˣȻ֮䣬оԼԸеһ档
һɲҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ԼҵһԼʦˣ


156 ǣ
аΪ˹Ƨɱ飬Ǹɱ˲գ۵Ĵħͷһ㣬ܼ̿Ƹʱ͸оˡ
ֹƧаħͷϾôŨҵа
Ǿˣ巢аҲǳõһ档
аȻɣһΣͻǳΣø
ΪԸĻҲܱǰͽкģҲ˱ѡ
һ˱ε˱ѲŻ˱ߣԾǶɣ˭Ҳţ˭ˡ
벻Ȼôͽܣ
Ҳⲻѡ
ոձͽܱѣһӦûӰԸͽܡͽˡ
жʵѾ˳ս׼
а˵ľٶȴԤϡ
в²⣬ܿΪԼһаУԼо֮ģȻһ˲̫һ
һԭ򣬺ܾܿΪԼǹҵˣǽˣһǸͽбʵ
иУҪԼǸͽŻƳ棬ԼΪͽ
ͽסΪʦķûʲôʵ˻ԪΪʦûܵЩ˰֮ǰȴʥ侳ǿߣϣ侳£ҺУΪʦǵеģ޼
԰ȻΪͽǱϾʱж̣аͽ֪ԼԼʦϽգ
˵Ϊʦǰɽ磬ֻҪҵ֣˲̸ɫ䡣Щĳϡţܶᶼᣬ˵ˡ
˵Ĺԣаüһɰ֮¶һ۵ơ
壬ɿΪ֮һ塣
а˵Ϻ򷽣ȫȻ¶֮ʱƣȫʢ֮ʱͿ֪
ˣ㻹֪ΪʦŰɣ
аˣ
ţͻȻ仰ѿڶȻ֪ţ֪Ļ൱ࡣ
ӦʱϽҧסͷҪȻǿɾ鷳ˡ
ΪʦžͽаԺͽа˰ɣ
а˵Ų֪뵽ʲôһ̾ͻȻıע⡣Ĳסˡ
аԭţ
ˡ
һֱΪа˾ͽаˡڿȫô¡аˡֻʱһ֡
ƺΪ˺ǰԼһ
ͽϷҪһ⣬һҪش𡣡
аͻȻ壬ɫ֣ޱȡ
ʦ˵
Ȼаʲô˼ش
ͽϷ㣬ҪҴޱаԸѧ𣿡
а˵仰ʱĿޱȡ
գҲ仰óޱȡ
Ը⣡
˼Ƭ̺
ɱӯҰĴаأ
аٴε
ҲԸ⣡
ԥ칦˹ɲһŶ컯Ĵа
ǱĴħͷ˳ΪаҲòں𣿡
а˵纮˪ɫޱȡͺ˵ʲôһ
ʦڿЦа书ҲаΪаΪаѵ书ɵа¾Ͳа𣿡
ʱ򷴵ֱӣЦ
аĿĶ壬ƺҪ͸ڸⷭǼ٣ʵα
֪аʲô
һ˾аûʲôҲԲô˵Ͼа
û뷨
ʲôаʲôֻںĶѣδһغƽټ٣¶ս֮أûܹ⡣
а

˶µĻҽѡѵѣ
ңĩǳѧںϣ˶ԼĹвٵа֡
Զаûʲô
书ûаģа˶ѣ
ӭа˵Ŀ⣬ܡ
ʱ·ֹһһ٣Ŀԣ˭Ҳû˵
⺢ӡ
ǰ꣬аͻȻ˵ĸоɫɫˡиǰԲѣȴ﷢ģиǰĵȴµҪģи˵Ŷа⣬ʵķǵġ
Ǹ棬ʼʱ˵Ų⣬Ҳǻ̵̻ġ
塭
һμһˣֹô˵ģôΪġһаû˿ɼˡ
һΪûа˲аˣ
ִδйĸоаִħͷɵǰ㱣˵ĸо
벻ķȻһаûгɼˣ
а˸пѣ˵ĸо
һֱһаˣһаûгɼˡֻϧô꣬ϸѡǼͽֿķ֮ͽ
а˶ˣˡ
û뵽ͽ˰֮ǵʱ򣬷յһĵͽܡ
ⰡҪ
а˵ĸоĿҲôˣı͡
а˷֣Լҵһͽܡ
ڣͿ컯ôˣ
а˿壬а

һֻа˵û巴Ӧһ¾Ͳס
ʦ
һ
аΪʵǸߵĲ˼顣Ѿ䵽ԪˣȻԼûа취㿪ơ
ѾаȶԼˡ
ܿ죬ͷа˲ûʲô⡣ϻĶǹǶˡңйؽڵĵط
һַ岢İЩǰǾԼԹ
һס˵ĸǵġ
;վа˸Լǡ
ѡͽܣһҪľǡַഫаѾ൱ˡ
ֻв˸ǣʩ̣ݲͬʾڵѧǵĻ̲ܻһˡ
ǣ
һȥа˾ͳһ۾壬һ⡣Ȼǻǣ
һʮ꣬ǻǣֱ˼顣
ԣǻһأǻأԲĻǣ
аԽԽԾ
ʵߣֻһԪߡĸǣõˡ֪Ǽġ
֪ΪʲôСС;Ȼлصļ
ԣ࣡
аԽԽԾʼǻǣĽŸλʱаȴȻ֣廢֮оȻ̺ࡣ
ࡱζţǻļޡӵζţʵܲﵽǵĵز
ӵǣҲζӵϵǱ
ɽ磬ųɾϵľ󲿷ֹǶܺ޹˼ɵаû뵽Լڹ֮УһҵĵӾȻӵл࣡
һɲа˶סˡ
û뵽Լ֮ʱյһӾȻ츳ӵһļƷǡ
ͽУûһܹﵽ
Ҫǣڲʮ갡
ζĸǻȥ޾Ǳ
˼飡˼鰡
а˶ˡ
ֱĻԵ


157 ǱڵΣգ
Ҳ
а˱Щ֣־ʱȴһɨ⡣
֪֪ǸΪʲôңаͻȻؿ
ͽ֪
ĺˡֻ֪а˱˱ѣӦͽܣģû˵Ҳ֪
ߣķȻӲԼͽܡԼʲУҴСȴΪҲ˽һ֣ⲻ˱ˣְҡ
Ҳ룬ָǡʣִѵĸǶڡҪǴžѧ߻ħˡ
һĶáȴ´˶֣ȫҪأ
£аȻⲻһߺޡ
ĬȻа˾ʲôˣԼܵġߵˣ޻˵
н³Ӧá
ǲôҲֲͽԸ
ʦģұضʦ𣡡

ãҹȻûп㣬ⷭ㹻ˡ
аһξһ˵ţһ߳Ҳʱŷ֣а˵Ȼж졣
һѰʵϣкü
а˴򿪰󣬴ȡһö飬ںĴָСĵҩ
ʲô
Ϊ⡣
ߣһŻҪﵽ۷Բʹãұ׼ֻҪؾأѸشԲٿһʱ䣬û͸̫ļöעԵ
а˵ţϧĽеĻ˹ȥ
ڣöҾʽˡöҩ£ͿԳ״ﵽǾˡʱٴ㹦򡣡
лʦ
ϲΪҪٳͷһﵽǾҪܾáû뵽Ҹ֮⣬Ȼаһġ
ȥһɰϢըЩϢƥһɱŰģԵ
аĵҩȻͬ
ԺֻüͷȻ˶ըˡ꣬һĴڴֻо֫ٺÿһϸһҵĻȼһ
ڵҩҪҶ
һϵӶߴ
һֹͣһֻƴӺ水ţһģһůԪ͸롣
һطһģһԪ͸롣
Ĵ򣬰£ҵĻ棬Ȫһ㣬ࡣ
ʱȥܿ˹žҾ硣
֪˶ã

һԽͻȻз屳󣬿ģֳһģģӰ
ѷ裬ֻһʧˡ
ͬʱ۾ĿбһĿľâ
ڴﵽǾˣ
չֱۣϲޱȡ
죬ǱԨΪﵽǾȻһأ˵ȴʵĸı䡣
оҲǴӡȻԪ߽׵ľ磬ȴױȵۺ
ڴﵽϱûдﵽľˣ
аϲޱȡһɣӴԺԼҲڸˡ
ܺãڳɹˡʮΪԺǰ;Ȼ
һϵаɫ԰ףޱȡ
лʦ
忴аӣҲж
ʦģԺȫ綼ʦҲᱳʦ
Ǻǣ仰㹻ˡǡСƪκιҪѭ򽥽аˡ˸ٴġСѧˡСҲܴѹ׾ѧ
лʦ
ûٴţˡСƪ꺣¡԰ȻǶȥ

μˣ
뿪԰ʱ򣬾ǳǶһԺӣ԰ټƺ˾ۼһЩ˻ɢŨҵаݶϵһŹߵ˹
ԺǽΧǸߴľΧһȦ棬˭Ҳֲ
Ƕˣ
ݶϣŹߵϢ䣬ͷ֣Ȼ͸¶һԸ
ϼһﻹûҪ뵽ƾʦеĽֽȫһ顣ϼһһа֮컯ϴҲϴġѾõһ󷨣ֻҪϼһΧһķΧ֮ڣܸӦõ
ಣ
Źߵ˶һһźɫĻֶзֳֻǧٸƬ˶£һӾû⵽·ڡ
ںһȫϢ΢ı仯
ȥɣ
ǣˣ
˶ʱһɢ˷
̫ˣ
ںʧ󲻾ãһӰͻȻ˹ߵԣ
߲亦֪֪ǸһҪûǻʲô³
ԺһɫĹȦаħǳ졣
ϵõͷӾȻһصҸôãûз֡
Źߵ˵Ϊί
ҲӲ˶ˡƣټ޴󷨺ҵаԪʮ죬ڵ£Ҳһܰҳ
ϣɣ
˵ţܿʧ˷

ҵаˣɹʦȥһĲ˶˲١ʱ䣬ÿ춼СȻȥ壬ȥ԰Լ
ʲô𣿡
£ͻȻ
ʲô
һķεĿ⣬ͻȻֺܲõĸо
ǰڿЦҵȻÿ춼Ҫܶ˰
𣿡
ȴûҲû˵һŰӣ塣һоͺʲôûзһ

ﳤһǴƾҲĸ֣²аѷɫ
Լһʱˣһһаˮݵġ
ôˣǰԸСʱж̣ϣֲ˲źá
ͻȻͷƤĸоСֻС£ؼǣа˷˶ԷĴڣ鷳ˡ
Ⱑ
а
ˡ
ͻȻһģͻȻڶŷԼ´һӡ
ٺ٣ǰƵҽŲˡԿ±ţ⣡
ͻȻЦģ˵Ͱǰĵһ±ţ⡣
ԭǲЦһ࣬й±ţ⣬һɫסˡ
壡
аգæһӣɢע
һ磬µ磬ܿա
ǰˡ
ЦϴһǶȥ
ֻЦ£û˵ֻǵȵʧ֮ϵЦȥɫõޱȡ
裡
ˣôˣ
˷˹
⺢аˣʱ䣬ʲôаҹȡһֻдã
ӹһĨɱ
Ƴ͢Ҫ;ͨɻڴλ˳죬ðԼ;֪ͼǰΣⲻ֪Ϳ˳
⺢һ츳ףǶ֡δǳ֮͢ģԲκ˽;
ˣ˵а𣿡
˷Ծѡ
š飬㲻Ҫǰ¶Իᴦ

ǣˣ
˷ͷ
ܿһֻɫĴȡ˹ոŻ֣׷١Ѱټȡº𰲱ϵĽùһöӣǰһ£Ȼ˫һͣڸ߿һܣķȥ


158 ǧ
ꤣ
һұ־ڽֵʹĬĬа˸ԼġСƪķ
ƪԶûôףǰκһŹҪѡаѾѹ¿ͷѣСѺףֻҪʼĹؿڣ淴׵Ķࡣ
һɹɵԪʣЩԪĿ£ϵĳײһѨ
ЩѨûһĹغϵģȫǽƫ棬ûһѨ
ֲŹΪаѨ͸һаš
а
һɹԪߣʱ֮ڴࣵһ죬һµѨ
ѨͨڵԪҲлһ֡
ˣ
ڸոջõͻУͻȻܵʲôһԪȻһҡ
ţָо
üͷһ£һ죬ÿ濴һۡȺУһ۾ͿһɫĮμͬʱڶԼķ
ϣоһͬϤϢ
аˣ
Ժһ⣬ʱôˡ
ԶԷܿջ۹⣬˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ı䷽ȥϣ
ó
ô죬⻹һ˸Լ
ȥ
ȺУӰ˹ȥֹûȥ԰ȥһԽԽƫƧĵط
٣ҵġҲֵĻᣬȻԼ͸˻ᡣ
СȻϼһǾȻô˵Ԫ϶ϼһѲĹϵֻҪһʳϼһĵã

˼ӿٶȣȥ·Ȼ˿
ֻһΧľɭɭ˽ϡԶ󰺰
һ׳Ϊƽʱ򣬳Щ򣬻а͵̷ٻ˵
֨ƣ
ھ׳һǧ׵ĵطͣ

󷽣аӴϲγҲ룬ȥȻǿ죬ٶȸ죡
¡
飬˽һһڵײƳ;֮УѾʹˡһնٶȱ˸죬ݡ
ã
Сģ

аֻâһѾͷдһﬣ潣ߣ磬̶ʱھȻһж˽ʮɡ
λñĪ⣬ʱʱʱʱ·ȫ޷Ԥ⡣һҵĽ岻û£˷г߰˸˿ڡ
飡
һһ˸ֱӵɳʮɣ˺аӵľ롣

аæ˹ȥ
֣꣬
ͻȻ
ಣ
ƺǻӦһӰ̣һ˸ӸһϷݶ
ͣû̫ԣһӷɲǣһа࣬ɾ
ﬣ
ͬʱһСһնһаӵķŶԷм֮һշ󣬳ݣһ˺ء

ҽУڶаؿڣľ׮Ҳ˵ϡ
Ľ죬ͷס
˵ǵʲôˣΪʲôң
һŽаӲڽ£ֳ˶ԷĲϣһһѪˮ
ޣΪһ𣿡
屻һѪˮԷһķŭ
٣ģ˵ġ
嵭һ߱ȥ
꣬˾ͽˡ
Ϊݿͣȡ鱨Ҳеһա岢ûе̫ãʹӶԷȡҪ鱨
ˣЩ鷳Է˲̽һˡЩֻ֮һңǺķԸӦǸˡ
ѪܵĽ˹
ЩûнƣЩҵһˣȴ׷ٵ塣ȻǸĳֹϵ
֪ˡȻȥɡ£Լ
˰ֵ
ӦһܿΧ֮Уʧֻһˣվԭس
Щһúÿ죡
һվڿյأͷг
Ź棬û˵֪аӿе˿¾а˿еġͽ
ٶˣͨӦλãһ԰Ҳǲȫˡ
аˣеĲѣ
У黹ǵúʦС
̣ΣĵӽȻһ·԰ȥ
žˡ
Ƭ֮԰У彫·ϵľϸһ飬ͬʱһץаһ˵ϡ
ʵʤ۱棬аڵϣ˵ʲô˵
󣡡
а˿ϵаӣֻûԼĹβϵá
ЩϴĹȫһ
Ϊ٣ûа취Ը𣿡
аһ죬һɹɺӵϵаûаڡ
ϵаɫһףƤѸٱûҰףȻһ
а˵õԪȫϢȴ΢΢һ˿
ʦ
ҲǰԾȻϱѾ칦а˵ĻȻҪĻĶࡣ
ѾƽΪԪȴܸ㹦׵Ĵаȡ
Ҽסˡһаؾ磬һؾڵڶؾǡСҪնԷĹؾԸɶԷĹ
Ȼ˻ȴûȥȻʹá
ڵϣһصأǿ󡣲Ҳû޳ɹֻǴ˵һĳʦɹƺǺʱйءûҲ
ؾ粽ﵽأ侳ǿߡ£Ψհ
а˵ţɫѸٵıûҰܣ֮ǰɵԪƵƤһͣĴйȥ
ʦ
忪ʼţȻһĻɫһ䣬æסʦаˡ
ǺǣģƣԪǿʹô컯ͻܵɣͽǿһ㣬ŸɳЩĻɫԸҡ
аһֳֻסӣסΡ
ʦѨפ𣿡
ͻȻڵ
ȻҲ֪ǧ
а˿壬һ¶˾ȵɫ漴˵ͷ
еһаѧԹֻŲ֪гɹġƣ޷פֻѨλפԪҲΨһѡˡ
ǰа˺ޱ
ȴ˵
˵ѨλѨλפľѧֶҲֻ˵ûм
ϱӵЩǰǶ˵ֹƫ棬֮Ѱ˿ġ
ֲԺĹ๦
ͻȻ֮䣬ʲô


159 а˵Ľ
ʦɹǧǲǾͿԻָ书ˣ
ͻȻ
ôףǧءֻһȡķƣû˻ԶѣȥǧѨ췽ҹ̷һû˵гɹġû˵
а˿Ц壬ļο
ӣ˼סȻʮʦͽ˼ΪʦѾοˡ
վа˵Աߡа˵ⷭʱ忴һâ¶ʲôġ
ֱ岢İһ־֮Żеı顣
ǧгɹҲ˵ʵҲָǰĿΪѵϱһǧһ̶ȣ๦һ๦ң
ͻȻһƬ
ǰаֹඥܴ󣬱Ҫһ˵ȫܳɾһˡ
ԼȻܶ飬Щȴûб仯аȻԼΪɾԼ
ͬǰɾһ
иԡȻԼʼʵǳš컯ģа˶ԼǰԼĵͽܣԼмӣޱ
дѡ
ΣһҪֹ
а
аˣ֮ǰ˽⣬ֹӵпΪӵоĹһ̣ĸоѾȫͬ
岻֪ĸоҲȫ֮ͬУѾ϶Լʦˡ
ʦǧҪʲô
ʵ
ǺǣҪɶȥˡߵʡ츳ⶼģӴ˵ԼһЩⲿķҩȵȣȵȡȤĻŹһԴ㡣
а˼

û˵Ժд˷
ȻĶ˵Ļһǲ
ԼոշֲõǧȻ֪Ĺֶ϶Ԫصġ
ľ飬ֻҪд١ǧĳɹǻӵġ
ʦͽ޴⡣ǸɳӣѲ飬ʦھѾȫġͽ֪һطʦݱܷͷңʦǧҲкô

Ŷ
а΢΢ü
ЦЦҲͰԼ֪˵˳飬а˴ΪݣһŵĿ塣
ϧޱȣһʮɽҲδһͼͣȻܷһǰֱ˼顣
а˵ֱ붼顣
̫˼ˣȻ¡
аһľݣͽܵԽԽˣֱ幫ӵ֪
һ˵ûһæǧȷʵ档
һоͰİɡ
аʱ򷴵ټˡ
ʦϢһᰲǡ
Ц԰̻Ƭ̣ܿȥ
ȥ֮󲻾ãаЦݣ¶صɫ
ӷ߳ȥа̧ͷֱ԰Ͽȥֻһֻ޴ĺϷ̻ţƺӦʲô˫һ񣬾Ҫȥ
ߣ߰ɣ
аһЦָһ̧һƺɫָ͵һʱָָǿȫԪΪ֪Ϊʲôȴ⡢Ĳ˼飬ָգȴû˿ɢҲû˿һոָһ
ۣ
ָԽգƫУ׷ϸ߿еĺ𰣬һָֻѪ֣ĽȻֱֹĴе
£а˵ɫ΢΢չֻͷˡȻޱ䣬ʵ˥䣬ľ͸Ӧ֪ڡ
ôһֻͷֱҹеĻһ¸ܸйĸ֪
ֻԲǳģȫûֱҪʮа˾ʲôͨҡ
а˵üͷ͸¶ǹɺ¶ǿҽ⡣
ǹɽԼûʲô֣ûκθоаȴоˡ
һѾˡ
ǹɽⲢûй壬ȴ̺һɶǿҵľζƺھҪٿ塣
Σ˵ĽΪø߰ٶﵽʥ侳۷壬һҲ֮ǰҲ벻ƾʦȻ
а΢΢͸ɵɫΪﵽֵز۳̶ٴﵽ˾˿ĵز
۷ʱĽǿҲҪС
Ϊ֮УǡǡǽߵĽǡ컯ԸյģҲġ
ͽܻʶһ˵ﰡ
аԷж̻֮⣬ʱЦѡԷĽⴿȻˡ
ʮа˾ǳԼ̸ġСϡ
ȻԷԼ
ǼѣʮлصΪֱ츳һõʣа˲ŶԷ
ȻԷӦҲǿԼͽܡ
ͽܣֿȰҪҷҲǲܵġȻҪǴҾ͸ƾ¡
аȻһЦɫȻȻ¶һİ
û
ԷĽΪȷʵܸߣҲƲ硣ǰ˭ҸͽܣǼֱǿЦ
ԷȻҪΪͽǾ;ܷɡ
תа˱ֱ֣ڡ

ˣ
а˱֣ͬʱңԶĳ£ƾţȻ

һ̺˷һԾ
ôܣķи߶ȿܴﵽһǧɡ䲻ôߵľ룬ô˺˺𰣡
ȷʵˣһȷɡԷΪǳֹɱ˺𰣬ɢںϵĽ⣬ĨҵϢڣֻ֪µȴûа취ȷľλá
赭д˵һѰģ޹ؽҪС¡ԱߵȴǳԾ
ôܡ⾩Ȼ˿Իɢ˵Ľ⣡
۾ĳԾС
ȻѸߣ͵˳ãҲ书Ƿ֪ô꣬˵书û˲һֱھ
Ϊ޵Ĳǽǽ⣡
ޣޣ
ô꣬˵ͳͨеνΣߵľ硣ΪˣԺϼеĲǽǽ⡣
ΪȽĨ
Ǹոգ˾Ȼ˵ԼĽⱻĨɢˣ
ôˡ
Ǹ幫ӡôʶô
辪ˡ


160 ˣ
٣ھ棬׶Ǹаʦ֡µߡʦа˵˵ƾʦһˣûֱ¡
漰ʥ侳ǿߣҲһ
һֱǴķ֮أ磬ǰǽ嶼˽⡣ֻԼ֪ѡ
ϣʦ԰ȫͨţִ
鷿ָʶӣһаǽʦҪذ岻ǻûء
Ҫأһнء
Ѿ֪ͨ˹еĹøֺԷ糾ڹеλ裬ϳŪһаȫġ
ѾɳȥˣҲһӦòʲô⡣
尵ȴסЩš
ֳϣҲӦһȥġֻǿϧոˡСһֻԽ鷳Ūɳ׾

尵ĵʱͻȻһҵĻҴҵ˽ͷĴ󺹣
үүѾɹأ
̫ˣ
仰弤ɫͨ죬ݺݵ߬һ½ͷʦأҲȥһĲ
ĺ͹أ
ʵ
ĺ͹ﰴүķԸѾȥүˡʮ֮󣬼зء

ⷭ峤һ
μⳡжģҵϻܶҴʮϣҳϷû⡣
ģ֪ϱӵ飬ǾûġӦ˵飬
ڹ㣬ȻҳϷȲҵĻҲһ֪ˣ飬֪Ĳࡣ
õǸһж޹ء
ֻҪõĻ경Ľ취ʱӦû꺣¡ǲ
а
ͬвͬļԦ棬ڹ㣬ʹþͺ˽ȻͬĻ경ӵȱݣһ㹬˭
ˣֻҪ뱣סԼ˭ɿ
ܸܲıϱӵˣͿʦԼˡ
а
岻֪һа˾ʲôǾƾģܵǸͽ׷ɱ϶ûô˳Ȼܾĥѡ
һһѾı䡣Լĵһʦ޴Тġ
Ӵ֧ţʦġǧɹʺͽչٶȾҪϱӿöࡣ
Ҳϣ

ӿһܿعĿͶ뵽ϵġСϡ
ϼа˺а͸ġСķҲķ
ϣ廹ˡ
컯Ҫѭ򽥽С۷壬Ǹ壬Ҳһˡ
ϵľģҵĽ

糿ĵģܶ˻һƽʱûж֪ʦĳſڷһɧҡ
ɧÿ죬ȥҲ졣ץһЩаˣ˴֮С
Ҳָܿ

ˣ
а뿪󲻾ã԰⣬һĺɫӰ޽ֱ񷣬
žģһ˵԰һ˿Ĺâļϣһֻ𰣬ᣬЩ
Ľ£ֻа˻ɱĺʬ塣
ĬĬעſյ԰תʧڱĳ֮С

ʱĹȥа˵뿪һʯеķ籩˹ȥҲָƽ
岢֪ĵطһ޴͵ķ籩֮С
֮
飡
鷿ͻȻһɴƿһѾͷ󺹣ͻȻſڵĵط
С񣿡
ͣſڣһ졣
ѾϵãĸߵѾС񣬺Ǵƽʱ򣬸Լ
ңǵԼ˵ûԼκ˲ôŵġ
үھȥܼھȥ죡
û忪ѯʣС˫ַſ˵һѻּֿʮ𼱡
дΪ졣
Сƽɲðʧİ׷ʲô£ô
к治ѡ
ү찡
Сŵٴδߴ١
Сߵļ٣ĸ׵Ҳҵɵ˼·æСһĿȥ
ţ񰡣
Žգʮɣӳ鶯£ͻȻӿŵһŨҵķζ
Ʒζôϵ㣬ʲôĿˣ
ͻȻֱ˹дΪԾ
Ȩ󣬻и˼ղС㡱ġ㡱䲻ͬ
һ㲻ǼΪĿ˶ǲʹõġ
ӡУңҲǲʹֵ㡣ڣȻŵ˵ζ
⵽ô£
Խĺ档
֨ƣ
ƿţһ۾ͿԼĸףڵϣ̬ߣӣѾūһƬ
ǰһƵĹվţʮȫƼУϢǿ󣬷·籩һ
Žʱ֨Ƶ˵ע⡣һ˫˫Ŀ˷˹
׵ĹĿԣпһıɫ
ǹе̫࣡
ǻ۵̫࣡
ɫɫڹֻһ̫࣬ŸҴƵĻ̫ࡣǾǷ̵ʥʵ̫ࡣ
Ⱳӣһμ
ӣ㻹ҹ£
ĸɫӿﴫŭλе̫ࡣɫ΢䣬æż˽ȥ

߹ȥæһȴ΢΢ЩЩȻǹ࣬ȴǻʵۡ
û飬Ǿ׶ڻʹĵط
Сӣּɣ
칬Ƴ壬˵ţϲЦ˿ı飬һָĪĸо
ĸһȥĿȴǰ칬࣬ŵһɫʥּ
ˣʵԻ
ҹ壬̽ʥմˣ
̫еʥּ˫̯ĸ׵ʥּʥֻּм򵥵һ仰һ仰֮󣬱ʲôҲûС
ûˣ
̧ͷǰĹ࣬д㵲ѡ
Сӣ㻹ʲôּ
Ƶ̫Ŀ̧ۣѩŨܵüëһ壬΢΢Щá
ּ
æӵվͷ칬йĽӹʥּ칬ĵ˵ͷ
ӣϿԡ°ɡһ빬ݰɣ
ף͹ˡ

һϴɾһɫ۽£ϽڣϹһö壬ڴ˳ȥ
ԺﰲеǶѾ˿ˣֻ칬͹еĽѾڵˡ
̧ͷһգƵʹܲһѹˡ
ˣ
忴գһɲǣ۾ĵطͻȻŵһɷζ

ƺǻӦӿһҶҵԺӣƶۡ
ԵУ̤ŲӣԺС
Ƭ֮Уꤣ뿪ҵĴš



161 ʥ
͢ǳǽɫĲ˹̺˵̫ڻʵʱ´ʳҽ׸̫ڱµġ
ڱڣҲǼݳ޵Ĺ̺
ۼ
ȴܡ
д˷þ޷ƽ
ǰǽʥʶһ棬һ񻰣ͬʱҲʷΰľ
ϣƵ۹ͼΣͳﵽ书ٲʢ˷ݣйĵز
ƵĸҲԿԳ£еĹȣ
ϣƲųΪʷǿʱ
ȻͬҲˣںڳϾɫü鳼Զܣ۹һ˻Ԩ
ͬһˣΪʲôԱ仯ôǰںͺڼֱͺһ
ɻҲǺнⲻš
ϱӣֻһѧӵܣʹڶ߲ȥ˵ȥʥ
ȵȻ򣬷ͼǿʱû䣬͢Ĵûʸȥ˵ʥʡ
ںڳΪ±Ԫ˧ʱ򡭡
磬ʷΰλʥʣѻΪ̣ʧʷĳС
һ嶼עλʷΰʥʱԵһ档
ź
ȻΪˣһվıˣ
һ빬ʥ
֪ңʲô£
ЩͷԺлЩ²⣬ȴ޷ȷϡ
һεټ̫ͻȻˡ
ʱͻȻͣһ
ˣ
ˣ

ƺʲôͬ͢Сɣ˾Ȼ¹͢ݾԷͬСɡ
󲮣
һ͵дΪ⡣һƵ칬ɣڶȻĴب
بǳõسвȨλ߾¡λߡ֡ߡڳУڣ󲮶ܹ˵仰
˶ѹһ䣬ֻ칬
ˣȥɡסҪ̫á

칬䣬Ŵ򿪣بɫأӴ˽
ʱȣ˵νһЩҪ㣬ǧǺã
بĶ棬ϵ糯ĳûѡʶôãһοɫôأֱϴҦ㽫һҪĶࡣ
ѾڳԼеĺһͨڶʹƶȣԼú˵ߣѾүүˣ
بżɽһӳһذը

һ𣬴һǡڶʹƶȡĲǴ󲮵Ǿ仰Ѿүүˡ
ȻΣǳ֪ڽŵڣĿĿȾҲ֪ζʲô
ڶʹƶȡ͡úƶȡǵģ鱻үү⣬ҲζҺ͵ʽ˾ѡ
ҲˣڴƵ۹үүȻ⣬ʾɱ£ӵмĵλ
Ȼٲ볯ڳȴӵмǿӰ
վԡڶʹƶȡ͡úƶȡǴδйġ֪ڳӰ죬˵Ƿ
飬ʲô̬ȣ
ͻȻ
ܴô뵽˹ؽ
بһֶĴϻۣһͨеʱʵޣ
ҲȻΪүүķӦʹȺʼϲ糯ʱ򣬳һƬҡȻؼ⣬飬ʥʸûб̬ȡ˭Ҳ֪ʥﵽôġ

ͺһƺʲô
ڣ֪빬Ϊʲôôżôɣ
ب
糯õϢġոɢ·Ͼ͵õϢ̫Ѿңּ빬ʥ
Ϣһֲм𺳣ĲܵģبоеΣ
빬ʥκһŷҴ嶼顣²ټĺûУĲãǾǴͷˡ
ǰʱΪʧ裬˥Ҳһˡ
ⷽ޾飬ɲبġʱȣبҲֻ취·ˡ
壬ϵһ壬ֹ㸸ףңãС壬˶ϢϢء
بɫޱȣ빬Ҳ֪ǻǸֻаϣ鲻ҪǳӲС
ԣˡһ˹ʲôʹʲôʵģһҪ²֪ģҲһҪ˵֪ûʵģǧǧҪ˵ҪţҪҪŪŻ
ب˵գĶ壬ޱȡ
ܸܵеĵģۣҲܸоеټС¡رѾ漰˵࣬үү䣬к䣬Ҫǡ漰˴δĹ˺
󲮣İɡ֪ô죡
۾ĬƬ̣Ȼ󿪿ڵɫ򶨣֮иһǿȾ
׾ͺá
بͷְ빬ʥĺܶϸڿٵ˵һ顣Щ嶼÷ǳϸ
ˣʱˡ
һɤ⴫Ƶ칬ָã
بҵֶ˼䣬ȻѸٵĴ˳ȥ
ͷʮĻ£Źжȥ
ϣ⺢ӣҪʲôӲźã
ȥıӰب硣

ƻʹֺ׳ʮɸߵĺعǽԣӣֻǹѲ߽
ʹһֺ꣬ɭϵȡ
ΡȻĻʹͻȻЩ㱡ʵǵʹģȻǸʱĻʹֻʣ¶ϱڲԫ߶ש
ֻǹʵݣƬʹΡ롢׳ӣԱȣ˵ĸˡ
ɽƮƼǵվڻʹķ棬ʫ
ʹƵģҲϵʹ䣬ֹǴһǣҲˡ
ȥѾȥˣһܸʲôۣҶٴݵġ
ݺݵָָ߬ﶼ֪
ӣǰ̫ˡʥʱ¾ţһȥǧҪʧײʥʡ
⣬̫
лס
ع˵ͷ
ˣ
֪˶ãͻȻ׵ģһĸоӿڤڤУֻǰذʯ䣬һӴģΪ֮ɫǵأӿ
ָоͺͻȻһ磬뵽һһ
ǹεѹ䵽ϣһֻúһɽһʱ΢΢ɫ


163 ̫
ѹʵʣ·ཬһ
ԽǰѹԽ̶ֻʱڣоѹͳصͬα
ӣɣ̫ˣ
ͬʱƹǰ洫ģʲô顣ˣһָϣһԼʹˡ
һ͸Ŷ⣬ȴǾĵģһε֮С
ųߣ˳ꤣ춯߳ͬʱƹͷȥ
뿪֮ǰȻһһΰ׳ͦΡΡȻɫ޴󹬵߸ǰһ㡣
ھ޴ĹĽǣȫ׽Ŀһפķľ޴󹬵
׽ɢ籩һѹǽ³һȦȦ޴󡢻Ի͡貵Ĺ⻷ǰĴӳĵͬȡһ㡣

ԺӹһͷйȻҲ׽ص
˵Уÿһʥ侳ǿߣÿһӵлشľѧ
ӾҳϵʹӺͲ£
֮ǰܵӴѹǴЩʥ侳ġɢ
˿嶨̧ͷȥֻԶһܯƥһ㣬Ѷϣһֱ쵽ԶĽɫľ޴󹬵ǰ
ңԶľ룬忴ԶǰĽɫ֣
̫
ϳּ
֣ÿһǧֻԶԶĿһۣ˸огأ·ѹһɽһ
ӣ̫ʥ
һۼ̫
Ҳǵһμġ
һ̣Ƶ۹磬ΪʥʾԼֻ֮࣡
вɵļ
ʱΰʥʣϱԸʱȴעҪԸʧ֮ˡ
һʵԸĻᡣ
磬֪ܲߵͳߣ˻˥һеһֵߡ
ҪʵԼʹıˣ޷ƿλƵͳߡ

㱵ʱͻȻ֮䣬з·һըһ쳹




һ䣬ǧ㣬˷Ǻ
һڻع̤˰ܯһһΡȻʣƶһ̫ȥ
˫ϵѹصӰΣÿǰһϵѹһ֣Ųøĳء

ҪӽʥʣȾͱһء
ܯ֮ף־ᶨ֮мǿΪԵüһ档
ڹȥͣܯϵˣ֪
һѾӵĻᣬһΣ
գգգ
̫Χĵģ֮⣬ˡؼ侲ĵģǿտĽŲؼ졣
ʱĹȥ
ĸ֪Уǰ̫һ޴ķ籩籩ԽѹԽǿ
亹֪ĴӶͷϵȴ֪
һǧĮ̇ס
δ߹˳̨ףľͺͣԶûоͷһˮ֪ʳ·ʪ͸ˡ
˫ϵѹҲصһؾ޴ɽһ
ڵԪͣģҲͣ¾Ǧһء̶̵һ·˵Ȼһǰ
ˣ
֪˶ãˣԺһȻһ䣬һΪ֮ɫϢׯء£϶ƴ͸һϵϢǰء
һȻعŷ֣Լ֪ȻѾߵ˰ܯľͷ
ǰһֺꡢʥĻƽǰ
оһǿĲ˼ϢȻѾˣɢϢȻǿ
ϱӣ岻֪˶Ѫսĥѣһ־ĥļޱȡ
ϢǰȻ̲סľη·һϢǰÿ˶̲סһֱ΢Сĸо
һɲǣסһ¡
һЩңԶļ䣬·һͻȻͷڤڤУǸںܶĻ⣺
磬ޣ˭ĵһǿߣ
ĩʱڣΣΪ±Ԫ˧ıЩսʮ꣬նɽԼ
ֻһʱ̣д׳ңɱߵĴƾ
ǣԼʦаˡȻڳ͢ĬĬţȴɽдŹâ£˿ɵеǿߣ
ǣ˹ظԭϣλɲ⣬һѩףòĴѩɽʥɮ

ʯ䣬֪ĳԺзӶ󣬶һһϡϣ˵ôһˣܹѹϵ֮ĳΪµһǿߵĻôţǸܣֻһˣ
Ƶ۹ϣҪʥӣ
ļǵãЩԼϱԪ˧λõǰǣ˵Ƶ۹ʥӻڣΰĵš
ôⳡսһȻͬľ棡
ΪڴƵʷϣλʥΨһȷȷʵʵأ侳ˡ
ʥ侳͡侳ȴǵ죬֮Ĳ߲࣬ɵ
󲿷ֵʥ侳ǿߣûг侳ʸУͰϱ塣
ⳡӡ侳ĳ˵ӷס
˵ⳡʧˡȴ׶Щǰ˵ȷȷʵʵʥϣܵ侳Ϣ
ˣʥʵǳǳɹˣʧˣǰɹʧܡһ㣬Զû֪
ʱ㣬Ӧþǲǰ°ɡ
ͷ૵
λƵʥʣҲʹ޹Թߵ̫ǰߵλʥ֮ĵط巢֣Ȼֻʣ𾴡
¹Ĵһֵ۹ĸ𡣵ǵǵõģȻλƵ۹١ʢĵߡ
ͬʱҲ磬ʷȡĿߣ
̫ĴųţһɽͰӴѹһ̫Ĵš
¡
ڿŵһ̣𶯡ֻһ֮ȴ·һ磬̤һ磬һռ䣬뵽һռ䣡
һɲǣоһǿϢǰԼҪǿĶĴڡ
а֮ɲߴڣ
һɲǼ䣬綼·ž
Уֻʣǵ߲ʵӰ
ʥӣ
̫ıԵ幧Ĺȥص


164 𶯳Ұ
̫ﾲģԸоһ˫ϡĿ⣬Ӹ£͸գԼϡ
˫ĿעУֻһָоɲ⡣
Թš黢Ѳ⡱˫ĿУоκθ顣Ҳ޷֪̽λƵ۹ӱеġ
ռžڵһԼ
֪˶ãһɲǣĺͣڣһϡƵ
壬˵㷴޵ĽڶʹƶȺúƶȣ
Įκεĸ顣
вһ£ԣֻܲǣʥ⻰ȴûشС˵ֻӦʥʵ˼˵ڷʥʡ
ǣ
ԥǿڵ
˵
ϡƵֻһ֡
ǣ
ͷӦšӿӭһ紵Ҳ粨
ڤڤУبϵǷڶ߻죺
˵˵ٴ˵
ʣһҪ֪˵֪֪ҲҪ˵֪֪ʮֻ֣˵߷֡
㲻һ֪һʥй޹
ϵһ壬ֹ㸸ףңãС壬˶ϢϢءǧ򲻿³çммǡ

ЩǴبʮľ飬Ȼͻȴֺ޾ӵõȰɡ
˵˵ٴ˵빬ʥС¡Ҵʱ˿̵ĵλѾҪˡ
ֻҪͺã
ֻǡϱӵ֣ȴ޷ԼֳĬڶʹƶȺúƶǴƵĻҸԴ
ԼòܹʥӵһεȰɵʥʵĻᡣôˣԼһӶ޷ԭԼ
뵽ʱԥ
£ڶʹƶȺú˵ĲǴƵĻҸԴ򲻿ɣ
һ̣ڵϣԼеĳ˼ϸϸ˵һ飬ķȰϵĻҲޱ
û˱ףڶʹƶպжΣաףԼıʷĻᡣ
£ԳһάˣκˣһպȻΪƣ
˵꣬ڵϣһ
ⷭԷθ뷨ûǳˣȫ޷ġ
˵үү˵Ļʥ˵ĻֹһֿܣһԤԣδᷢʵ
ϧ֮⣬û֪Ӳ֪۹ˣʱ˿̣;ʥʵһ֮䡣
Ϸĵģûκε
֪˶ãһ
֪ˣȥɣȥ֮󣬽ո˵Ļдһӣɣ
̫˵仰Ҳһ仰
ǣ
ӦһȻ˳˴

ܯ£ӿһ紵һ䣬ž֪ЬӶʪˡ
黢Ǽ̫͵ѹ̫ˡ弸ά裬һսҪѡ
ȴ
֪µȥûУ
ոյ飬硣һʥ¶㵽Ҳ֪ԼǳɹˣʧˡҲ֪µûȥ
黢ʥ˵˲٣Ѹ˵Ķ˵ˡǴӽȥĻֻܹѣ
壬˵㷴޵ĽڶʹƶȺúƶȣ
˵
֪ˣȥɣȥ֮󣬽ո˵Ļдһӣɣ
ƾ仰ȫ޷жʥеϲŭȥˣȫûȥ
ңһӣʲô⣿
ӣɣ
һϤعֻԶһɫͣţԱվһ̫࣬Լӽʹ̫ࡣ
ѲⰡ
̾Ϣһͷ֮С
ꤣһ·뿪˻ʹҡ

Υڻظãͽ˼룬ͬһЩϵ뷨һд֮С
ڵϣ۱Ƶ̫࣬һ˻ʹ֮С
Щ㽫һԺʼġС
¡
һʯǧˡ뵽ڵڶ죬Լ۾ͳ˳֮УڳɴڳҰ֮һȻ󲨣
ƣبҵ𣿱£΢ҪبǸ壡
ĳãʷͻȻһһѾסبĺ롣

ɲǼ䣬һƬȻô˵棬˭Ҳû뵽¾Ȼᶯ֡
ܴˣ֣
£ʲô
ǰҷ

ڳبΧţһƬҡȻһδƽһ𡣼ڳبΧסͬʱ
ͨ
̫͵УȻһ𣬾ͺһʯڵһڳ֮УһӰƽɽһ㣬صĹڵϣͷͰݡ
£΢˼ΪºպչϣĹ޶ġΪ΢ֹ
Ű˼ĻˣһӰ·ľ׮ȥ꣬ӾӣڳģԶֹǺк
һֽۣóеĺ˵ȫͷͷڵأȫʥʵķ
ɲǼ䣬ԭֺĳãһƬš
дЩ򵹵ĺ˭Ҳ˵ֻبվڳã½ɢңųЩ򵹵ĺʱɫ
ȻµӰԶֹˡ

ɸ롢ҹ𰣬ࡢӥӾз˳ȥûһ죬֮зɳôķ
ЩϢķգնڸˡ
һĻ˼ʮ˶סˡ

صУһ룬Ϣҵĺ˶Ȼŭŭȡ
Ϊº͡һƿСȻ豾ʵǿɺޣɱɱ
¡
Ǳ۵ĺ˶䣬һǰĵķѡ޴ô𶯣̳ƶɸߡ
Գһκˣκˡⳣ壬㲻Ǻ𣿴һɺԣǸɱ
Įǧ̳һֻǧ˵״жڴǰһ󆣬ݿϢɽ纣Ĵ󽫡
ͺ˼ûֻһöݡ
ǰƿ֥
Ψһ޸ҲڴеλߵĴڡڴľ磬ӵϵĵλ
֥ųţʱҲһƽľġȻ֥һ֣һоеսǶѣͻȻ֮׵Եڵϣһ
һСĺĬȻ͸ǵɫһο˧


165 
ߣ
¤ң˹ؽ³ǣһӥ۸߱ǣüΪӢĴһ˫֮ӹһĨ۵ľâ
Ǹߣ纲ҹڴ󽫸溲˲֪˲
һף泤Ǳ󽫸溲
ڴƵ۹佫٣ܹƵϡ󽫡λ֮ϵģȴȿ
Ϊ󶷾ʹ󽫸溲ĵλ֪
÷£һʮϵһۣ꣬Ұ𶯡ô飬溲֪ɲ֪
ʵϣŸ봫ϢѾڳǽϵĴվ˺ܾˡ
ǳˣ壿ߣһξ
溲ݺݵֽɫࡣ
꣬ȵʱڣ溲ĸȥ溲ڴ˼ʮ꣬ĽƵķǡĸȥ溲ѧ˵ķףТ꣬ȴʦСξЦ˵ѧڣĲ
溲ĸТ鱻Ϊܴ衣
Ϊ溲Ͷʴ֣ͶС
ӣ˵ǸС
䣡
溲һĨɱ¡漴һɻʮ֮ߣ溲еֽΪҽ

ƶ꣬ڸ˲֪
һֽ۲֪˶ٺ˵ķŭӣ·ѩƬһ˷
ҲͰˣһֽ۴ŭǲֹЩˣ氲ɣ֥󽫸溲ͥ˼˳Щ˴ڴӵоصĵλ
Щ󽫳ŭǵ۳ڴƳ֮͢еʱʶʱȫһ
بɫ
ӰԶԶԤϣֳһʧص״̬
ֹˣڸô꣬ӰĲֹǺˣг͢ĺˡ
ʷ󳼲ҹŹͰìͷ׼ʮ壬ԴǼ˵塰鳯͢
һЩ󳼸Ǽң˵ҰػģʶެúԴ󺺲׷ҪϳͣĴب
鷢չһǺܶ˶Ԥ벻ġ
̫¼ֻӰ䣬ԼطıӰں֮Сһֽۣȴڶʹƶȡ͡úˡ˸߳еĺԼ˵ıҲһ˽
ӰӰѾԶԶˡ̫¼

ҹʱ֣㾲ʦ֮˻ں˯ʱҵĸ֮ۡУȴͨ
УҪһˣ
鷿Уب֣ڵƹвȥȦݣ͸ɫƺþöûϢ
ڶʹ¼ú˵¼ѾԶԶңԼүӵϡķ̫ˣЩʷڲֹҪңҪүӡ
بĽǲεġ
ʱ䣬ֻҪԼ֪Ŷôѹ֥졢溲˼˳Щλ߾¡λԺյĺ˴󽫲ֹӣÿ˻һʵš
بǳ͢سλԲ͡
Щˡûһ˵ĵλĺ˴ʵźĵеʱ֪بе˶ѹ
⣬ֻһС֡
ÿ糯Щʷͬ˵ĺÿΧáǵ˺ˡ
ڳϼʮ꣬بָη粨һΡȫͬبŵһŨҵΣ
ߣǸң
ݺݵ߬ȭͷ鼤ߡе飬Ѿ֪ˣѩĺۣʷ鳯¡
ӽԺ󣬴磬еĺ˶Ʋˡ
꣬ڸ뷽档ЩˣԺ;֪
Ǻ˴󽫵ķŭʷĵ嶼¡
ֻǸеߡ
ǣ
ǵ˺ˣ
ڶʹƶȡ͡úƶȡں˵ġ˭ԣ˭Ǵк˵档
ôĺʣһ㶼⣬Ҳһ㶼⡣ģЩԼֺ֧˵ĺˡ
һҶĿ̩ɽûƃȷʵҳʷǡҲȷʵΪº͡
˶̫ڻʵʱĺǺ̫ڻʵ۴̵˭

Ǻˣ
ɽԱʹƴ̵˭

Ǻˣ
˹ˣ
κʱκʱգôһЩԼݣԵ˵ͬ飬ԶԶԼˡ
׵Ĵ֣˵˼άǲͬ飬ֿǡΨԼˣ쳣Ŀֻ̣ĺȳ⡢ָʲôʶ壬ǣʧȡ
ެú
ѵⲻѾʵѵպһң˺ƵģЩڸĺ
ѵպݵĲЩ
ԶҪ߹˵ҳ
ϱĽѵ
ڴǿʢʱǿĸԸΪЧǵ˥ʱԶҪָһЧ
һ岻ԼԼȻöȨĸԸúռλãԼսɳԼ
Ƕô޴ͿЦ
ǿȨκһʱ嶼๼
ڲµʱҪ취һܣʱ䣬Ҫðͷ
بĳ
ܣȥܣʷ͢ټܹȥ𣿡
嵭
棬ɫ򶨣£ƺͨе飬Ҳе׼
بɫŵ壬ипޱȣ˵ĸо
ʱǰ嵱һʮ꣬µĺӣԶ壬ب̣ȳ⡣
Ҧ֮بҲ̫СԵΡ
Ǿһ̣ب֮䷢֣ͻСģѳˡ
ڶʹ¼͡úˡ£޷򶨣ֶΪһеʼٸߣȻܱƽĸ˵ˡ޿ɱܡʵ
һ㣬ûõ
ڳˡ
һɲǣبипѡԼûз֣һ̣Ŀı˺ܶࡣ
УبѾһΣ֣ܹεͬˡ
˵ûҲ飬ûñܣҲܲˡ
һԱߴСһԣһĳ˼ӡŸϻˡ
ҳô飬ܲʱ򣬶һǺõġ
ֻǳϵ飬ֳبĻ岻䡣ȫһֱܣھ˵ǶԵġ
ϣС̫ðʧˡʵۣȫԲôдġ
ܣұҪдұҪôд
СĻû˵꣬ͱˡֳڡЩ飬ܴʲô֪ǰǾҲǱȻҪġ
ˣ;ڡ

ںبͬʱ̾Ϣϣ빬£رڰ;ѾȰû뵽廹ˡ
һһԤ벻ķʽ
ֻˣľѳۣүӶͬˣبҲ޻˵
飡
ڼʱͻȻһ޴ײ洫ƺʲô˴˽鷿̧ͷ
Ȼû
䣡
һ죬鷿ĴűһɾײУ˲ֳƬ˽𾪵ĿУִꪣϢ磬ⴳ˽
壿
Ŀ壬Įޱ
ǣ
循ɵȫ㲻ô¡
ܺã壬㱻ˣһ˰ɣ
˵ţȥһһңס壬𲽾Ҫߡ
ʲô
بڴһҲʱب˼Ϲҵӣһɫġ֡
Щǹ͢е
һȣʲôץûзˣҲҺץ𣡡
بŭ
鳯
һ͢һֽɫѺ
һų͢ĻѺб飬̲飬࣬ʷĻѺҪǣбµӡ
ʲô
ب𣬿ӡֱ꣬Լ硣
ˣǳ͢س͢Ѻطϣ㲻Ҫ谭ĻҪһ£ѺΣ
͢һ仰ڶˡ
Σ
̲Ǵ£ʹеΣ
ǲŻѺĵط
˶ˡ
Ȼ͢ȴûдסѺ壬˯Ѩǵȥֻһʧ⡣
ã֮вŴһ
ʱʱ
屻ѺεϢһƬȻеĺм䣬벻ľ޴мȵġŭ


166 ˵ķŭ
ˣ
ʹԺ
屻Ϣ糯ûпʼһͷ׵ϳڹ֮У뷢ţ汯ߣһŻ׵һһʹײӣײѪˡ
鳯͢£Ҫ׿Ի𣿣
ʷһһµײӣ鼤ޱȡ
ΪǰɳȵʱʷĹֱɣȵȯֻѸߣѹʮŴǹٹȥ
ʮ겻ų£û뵽Ȼ顣飬ʷޱȣڵõϢɲǣŮ׼ȵ۵ĵȯ򿪳ţֱ͢
꣬޴¡¶ǻ

ĳԶֹˡ
糿ĺٹٽŲҴңӿ롣
·壡
ɲǣһ˵һصĹڵϡǵڶĵ
½֣·壡
䣬·壡
̫ף·壡
ͬ·壡

һɫأ鼤ޱȡ
½֣䣬ʲô
һĻ̵Ŀ࣬һˡȻ̻һ䣬˳Ծ鷢ˣ
Ϲٲһ
ֲһ
ɲܫiһ
ſһ

ʲδ󽫾˼һ
ˣһӰľ׮صĹȥһ䣬ͬ޴󽫾˼
ӴĳͻȻ֮ѻȸ
֪Ϊʲôһ˫˫ŤͷԼŭĿ⣬̵ʲôͻȻֲĸо
ų⣡
ǿҵų⣡
һΣ̸оԼϱĳֱǩһΣ̳˱ٹųĸо
˵ԳһЩԭǲŵģòΪȻһôôĺ˴飬˵а
֥ˣ
Ǽˣ
溲ͻʩˣ
˼ͬˣ
˼˳ͻˣ

һΣΪ˶Ը壬Щͬĺ˾ȻܹԼͬеĺŭˡ
ʱֱץεʱַŭǱŭ˶㡣
Գһ⻹˵
ӣ˱òΪȻڣ˭ô룿ɺ޵̵ˣΪʷ򣬾Ȼ˵
Ȼɺޣǿɱ
̵˲֪Ѿǡ˭ź˵˭кĳУ
ĵġ
̵˺Ͱ˼Ⱥк䣬ȫ˲ȥ
£ֻһʮĺӣȭȭİ֮ġԻǺµġ
ˣȵλڸ֥˵ĵµʱõʱﵽ˼㡣
ֹⷭҲŽĳ뷨
üž
بվȺУһĻаٸн
㿴𣿡
بûԼȰдǸӡһ̣بãôǶԵģ
糯˳ϵԱ飬Ϣ𶯳Ұ

ҡ
ſңſң
С屻ץؽεϢСŭɶ˸ūͣѾߣͳͳס
飡
һ͵˦ɳȥصײǽϣǽˡСһܳܵġ
ҽȥȻץС磬ҪɱǸʵۣ
Сŭѡ
С㣬Ҫ
ֻ˵
ֻǱҪɱֵģ

лѾ徣ūͶⷭɫֻҲ˵Ǵȥҿ¾ǳҴˡ
һֻƷ׷СõͣĻӿԼСΧסʹס
СԶĵط˾һ̫ʦϡҪС˵ⷭ޷Ļһ͹ȥˡ
ڣȴһֻĬĬĴᡣ
ǿ屻ץߵģǸʱ͵ˮδ
үȥ𣿡
ͻȻʵ
ȥˡķݴŽգڸȥ
ʵĻͷɫޱȡ
һӣӹһĨɫһ˼ңʲôҲˡָֻˡ
ķݲ֪ΪʲôͻȻ֮Žգبȥ
˲֪ô¡
飬Ψһ뵽ܾģǹˡûа취ľͲ֪Ǻá
еԶֹһ
ô죬ҪҪ֪ͨүʦ
Ľ꺣аˡ
ûõġǳϵ£书ѱϣǲشˡ
꺣鱻¡ԥľܾˡ
ҲүǸ취
ͬʱ⣬ҵĺ԰һ۵פţһ̾Ϣ
廨ǧƽͻġŵһ֤尲ȫ飬ʵʵ롣
ĲԶԺǽϣ棬ͷĬĬǳ䡣
Ȼһһĺ֣飬Ҳ޲ߡ

ϻ£ΣǰһŽɫ̡
ȵڣɫ̶棬ǿյġûеȵԼҪȵǸӰ
գ
ͻȻһ󼱴ҴҵĽŲ˷輱Ҵҵ˹߸ϸ
ˣ
˵Ļ۽һҲ΢΢ɫ¾ĵġ
ϻ£۾һ¶˼ɫ
˭Ҳ֪Щʲô
һ֣²ˣ
֪˶ãһʰϵĺڰӣŽУȻɫ̣ȥ
үүһҪȾȴ簡
ո˼һӰͻȻ˹һѱסĽףޡعͷһ۾ͿԼġСᡱһϲǵģڣǸǺ«˵ϣһߡ
ˣ
ѾСˣκ⺢ӵĶ⡣
үү˵粻ǻˣһҪ취ˡ
С໿޵
ĬȻµСᣬֻ̾ϢһȻĳԼĽţʧҹɫ֮С
ҹɫûʦƽԽ궯
ıѾҵķ룬Ҳ۵ķ롣˴󽫡ϵָ壬Լ屻ķŭʱȥûƽϢԽԽҡ
ڵɢ֮ѩ׷׷ڹ֮УҪͷ塣Ѿһ˵ˣǺ֮ķ粨
ҹĻ֮Ÿ˷а˳ϵĺΪ¶һʱڱ֮У˸ҵķӦ
˵ķŭûúЭ˺˸ķŭ
쵰Ǻʲô
Уŭضŭ𶯣
ĺǾͲĺǺ۹ԡѪɳսȴҪһƿС衣Ӳɱƽͷ֮ޡˣҪʥһѪ飬ӱҪ
ͿѡǸƿСѡЩ˴󽫣

󶷾ĵط˵ѩһ㣬˾ʦ
һβֹǸ֥졢溲˼˳һߴ󽫣гɰǧĺ˽졣
Һ͵һεĵͬһΣۣȫҪ塣
ӣԽʿ֮ߣ
²ɱӣʹҵȺ˽ʿĺ

ڸ˽гֵƵ䡣˳ϵԱһ飬飬飬ŭеĺ
ѾҪҺ壬ҪҪ
Ҫѩһɵʦʱǲ֪Ѿһע⡣
ʣ浱ǵ浱ƣֻǸ溲졢֥𣿡
ѩӪɽ´ϣһ佫еϢ˫üİŭɶ


167 Σ
ӣйʿ֮ߣЦЩ²Ϊʲôطһ㹦ѫͿʼ𣿡
εĴ󺣱ߣսͣţսƮд壺
ϱߣһ佫Ϣɫѿѡ
ҵдһȥ˭壬˭ǷΪУ

ЦЦЦЩһȻҪЮˣǺ˵һ㶼ûЩԳһҵҪ磬Ǻ˵㣬Щĵ˵㣡
ҹɫɽϣ࣬һ׳˶佫ɫ࣬еֽŭЦѡ
ҵдһ飬Ұ˰Ӽҹ̣͵͢ȥ˭Ҷ壬½ɱ˭Ͼȫ壡

ϵرͬ鷢޵ĸӪ֮СڴƵʷϣûйڶĺҪһˡ
ͬģҲûһ£ܼ˶ĺ˽ķŭ
ҹں˽ӷʦʱ԰ټƵĺ˽ۣҵŭʦյںҹ쳹һƬ

ڴƳҰΪ췭ظʱ򣬴ƻʹµȴûκεϢܹ

һͳ¼ţİηлص֪˶ãڶһ¡
Ǳһˮѵģڰĵ£ˮԵر
ʹ
ԴֻԴһƬѣΡַǳأһ˯Ѩֹһ¶ѡ

ҡһԴӵ
Σ
һͻȻӶߴ
òỹΪʲôޱɣ
仰Ц
Σ
һһưˮ£Ȼ֮˹ǰ谵ʪֻǽҫš
ɨһۣڿһη
һźܾõʷդӶڰ߰ߣѪɫ˸озηģһɹɺڿзڣŨҵз
Σ
Σ
һɲǣͷӹԺģƺʲô侲˵档
ΣߣΣû뵽
һɲǣѾȫӦ˹֮ǰ飬ȫԺֻǼȴû뵽ǾȻǹ͢е
һۣȻŭ˳͢ŭԼΡ֮ǰû뵽ġ
ĵطˣܹųȥ
֮֮
ʱ尲ȫ̹Ȼˡ
ԣ֮ҵˣעҪҿʼɣ
ڵϣд˷
ûжĺ£ֻİˡѾη塣̰ͼͲӡ
ֻǸе˸С
ڶʹƶȡ͡úˡĲԣûѵĻпԭѾˣүүǶһվ˳
еĴܡɥ˸С
ٺٺ٣쿴СӣʯˣȻһľͷƵġ
ΧηЦ
ȴһδ
ЦԽԽ󣬵վСġ
ηУֻһ
֪˶ãһ¡¡ĽŲͻȻһ͵̧ͷͿһϣЦһԱɵˣ߸Ϣ磬·籩һĹ͢в߽
ﬣ
ҡҷǰĸդõ졣ɫĮةվǰ䶢Ŀޱȡ
壿
ةһеӣ
ǣ
岢ûзϡ
ߣȻǣʵɡ
ɫĮة
ʲô
̧ͷ
ߣڤ粻顣ûз£뵽𣿻ʵƤ֮࣡
ɫĮةüͷһ壬䲻á
Ҳ֪ԼʲôҲûʲôԽġ
ƽ
СӻӲ
Сӣһʡ㻹ǸϽˣƤ֮ࡣˣûвġ
ǣةܴǰܣⲻܴһַŪ㿪ڡ
ΧЦһǳŪɫƺѾԾͷӡ
λة˿Ŀ
УûвƤġģҲһܲˡгɰǧĥ˵ַ
ǰӲֻԾͷòʧ
죡
һʨһɲǣеһƬš
˾Ļ˵һ֮䡣
û˸ǰ
ûʲô˵ģ
˶壬ɫĿ¡
ûС
ҡҡͷɫƽû˿
ܺãһνùءٸ㼸ʱʱú롣ʱĻ𰸡ҿǻܲˣ
˵һ䣬˺ев˭ҪǸΥ͵ܾƤ֮ɣ
ߣ
˺ܿһȺתȥ
ȥ֮˷˫ͬĿ⼸ͬʱ塣ȥʱǿ
ϴгɫʱˡ
ϧ⺢ӡ
һդ壬̾Ϣһ
Щ嶼Ȼ֪ڵϣֹˮûκεĶʱּžУš
֪˶ãֻˮε˶һǧ£ооͺޱȵڱһϤĽŲ
ˣ
̾Ϣһڿеة˴żԼǰ
ֻǺ͵һβһһΣһ仰û˵ֻǸդĿԼɫǳ֣ͺһοԼһ
壿
˲ͷ
ͬĻͬһˣһֶûб䣬Ǹ˵ĸоȴȻͬ
ǣ
в죬ǿڵ֮ǰһƽ
һ䣬˵ɫͻȻ˵ĹŹ֣Щ棬ЩãЩη塣
ӣǶеˡ
ͻȻһҾס
ˣ
һɲǼ䣬е˴ȫ̾̿ʵͳͳɵˡô£
˿ư
ôСϹ
˶ˣԴȫӦ
Щһȥ׼ʳĶܳ𣿡
һߵդķһ߶ȳ˵ţתͷ壬̬С
ӣγʪеȥ㰲ţ̺ӣɨɾˣǲӦôģӦÿŵġֻΥ빫Ӻ
͵͵һЩη
׳ʲô£
̲ס
⡭ԭˡ²˵
ֹʰ˵ϵȵķ룬˲ҶæҴȥֻеˣ֪Լ˸ʲô
˵һУʲôٶعǾƷģһƷģǵط嶷׵Сǳ͢µĽ࣬˶ں
ֻеԼġ
ǰ̫꣬ˡ˵һУû¡ȻǸ߹٣ʲôࡣ
ȴԼССηܹѺġ
˱ỵ֪̈糿ĳ£һٸӣҲҶˣ
ˣðġ
磬һνһεĽϵĽŸͷڵηǰ
طƽ˿̵ʱЩ͢
Ǿһ֮ڣټʮ͢˶Ű취η塣
ĿǾ棬η塣
ͳһĶһ仰˵Ƭ̣Ҵȥ
ҵηԽԽ档˭Ҳף⵽ô¡ף˵ʲôͷ
ͣ
֪˶ãһ͢ʱһָһһŵֽĵĲǰĵϡ
Щ뿪һͻȻ߹ȥ
ֽ̯忴һֻۡһۣɫ䡣ӽεڣҲһ̣֪棬ǵظ췭
ֻ岻֪͢׸дģҪҵĶ࣡


168 £
ڶ˽Ҫۣں˽ŭ˶񲻵ġ
˶ŭˡ
ڶ糯ɰǧѻɽ۳ڳϵʱе󳼶סˡ
Щ˷ÿһӸ˽ӡÿһм䶼żȵŭ⡣
ɰǧĽһ۵ʱӴѹһġ
ڴƵ۹ʷϣûгֹɰǧĺ˽Ȼһ̻һˣΪһ˵

˭ɱ壬˭ΪСǼҵĻÿһ档
Ȼ˴˵ôʲһ˼ȴȫһ£ңЭ˼
ֹˣЩ԰ټƵĺۣŭӴĺ˽Ⱥ塣һΣ˽ΪһȺ壬չԼ־
־ֹڳ͢ϣڶں˽ķŭϡ
ѩľǧ򣬼ź˽ŭЩĺ˽촦ڳ͢ϵ壬Ҫĺ˽죬յԺ˽ľ
ͬźҲڸ֥졢溲˼˳ȶĺ˴󽫾ǰ
еĺ˽Ӱ𺳵ģǵһθо˽Ⱥ
ʱ֣һ⡰ٽڳϵʱ򣬸ƲӰƵ˶㡣
ϳֵĽͨĽǴƵ۹ġŽ
ǰصٵ󺺣ֻЩλȻ⹦ѫ佫ܻöһ޶ġš֮ΪŽ
Щ˵ķһ佫ɱȡ
¥²Ŷ󽫾ảƽĽϽɨ϶佫ｫ潫ЩŽϵرֲڲͬĵط
ΪԵʣЩȻܹһ֮ڼ˵ǩֱ˼顣
ƳĽȫϵʱ⡰ٽķͿ֪
УŽΪͬʱʸ溲֥졢˼˳ˣжٺ˽죬ٺ˽죿
ʮ˾ӣֻʮĺ˾ӣԶˣһʿս½ʱ֮У˵ĵǺ˻Ǻˣ
ԺΪıӣǺ˽࣬Ǻ˽ࣿ
ܶ飬һ˺ʶʱȫһˡ
ͻѾãͥи溲¤ңȫԺΪǵװݡ죬Ǻ˵ģǺ˵ģȫɳ͢Ӧ
ĸҪľͳ˧ȴȫǺˣں˵ھֻܴΪĵѹû˸
Ϊԭȫ˳
ᵽЩ͢ϵЩ󳼲˽⣬Ƕھ˵дȫǵ
һϣǺȫվһġʵϣǷҲΪеĺ˽ȡ档
Ϊһ㣬͢˶޷ܵġ
飬չڣ˵Ԥϡ̲ʷһƬҡ
鷢չڣѾκһ˶˵ˡ
ѩۣԮۣͣĴ˷ĺ˽ͬ͢ģҪ壬άϵĺ˽ۣͬͣķ͢
鷢չһѾκֹܹ˵ˡǸ溲֥֮ҲѾԼʲôˣϵ˵档
꣬һκͺڳ͢â˫˭Ҳ˭
ϣ࣬УͻشأȼգһֻӴľӰ˰ӪܲȺɽС
ھ룬һ޴ĸڴţֱɫ֣
϶
ǧ̩ɽ
Ƶ۹ʮ󶼻Ȼ󲿷ּзľӶںҲеľں
ڴƵ۹ϣפʮرѹϷگԼԭпµ˹ص۹
ڴƵ۹϶ֻ൱͵ˡΪսûôƵҲûôĽݱɱڳ͢ĴڸԽϵ͡
˵ʮƾûзˡ
ߣһһһ󶷾ʹ浱ƾֻǼ𣿡
޴ĶУͻܣһͳ˧ģ׳һɫؼףϥڵϣǰһİ塣
Ϸŵģǳ͢µ鱨
˧һ͵躹޲ԡγ͢ϵ£ǲǾͲҪ˻ˮˣ
׳ԱߣһŰ룬һĻЩǵǰϴ󶼻ĻţͬʱҲǰϴ󶼻ľʦ
һ𹲶ʮ꣬ԼҵĴ˧ˡ׳һڣ֪ԼҴ˧Ҫ뵽˻ˮˡ
˻ˮǸòκ档󶷾ʹк˵ע⣬УԴ˧˧˼
ʦһ
͢ǳ粨ֵ̫ˣЩΪڲУǳǵľ
ǰ㻹סɷΪΪƽʱ͵鷳ǶԵġ鲻ͬѵûзʱ˭⣬˭˵ĵˣ
³Ц͸¶һľ³ǸգȻǺˣ³ȴǲ۲۵ĺˡ
³Ǻġա񡰲١һİټǲڵġǲܸջǸգ³ȷʵǺɣһǴƵ۹޾Լзİϴ󶼻λڰĸ֥ķ죬󶷾ĸ溲֮¡
ٽе壬㻹ǰѾһ⡣ȺȺ֮֮˭Ū˭⣬˭ھû׶֮ء
ǰСƲȱֹ۰
³Ӱϲ֪¶һɽ纣ӴƣеĻնΪ֮Ť
³ǰľʦһʱ˵¶˼ɫ
³ЦЦûж˵Ժȴ˾ʦеǸꡣ
ʲôˣǣдޱٵľǾŹ̵
³ҡҡͷԾŹƷԣǾԲмڣҲЩġôب
ҵλڳпλȨذǾŹܵľˡ
ب
³ٴҡҡͷ
ʱب档λˣıԶˣǻۼ
ΪˣдӡԼд־ǵӣȥ̵Լֶ
뵽³вһ̾Ѿˡ
벻ҴƾȻӢǵ³ԭԮһΣ
³һ̾˳
ȡұۣҪд

Ƭ֮һֻɼ꣬ƣңԶľʦȥ


169 һĴƾ
עµԶֹ³һ
³Ĵʦʱ򣬴ƶһ޴Ӫڣ룬Ƥ̵أݻ
Ӫڣһʮ͵Ӱһߴ⣬Ⱦƣһ߹ЦɢҲζ
֪壬ϵ㶼ǰٽأϰٷ飬󽫾󶼻Ŀأ
Ӫڵˣ񶯣裬Ȼǳ泩
⡭˧Ҫ𣿵Źһ仰ô˧ڱ߻ĵ˽ʮء
벻Զĵطһ̿һʿģ彫ϥţ촽£һǫǫĸоثһӵֿѣཻ֪塣
һӾ¤Ӫޣ˹սڵİ󶼻ԸԶͻʣһֱõĴԽֿѡ
ڣڳ͢ȵ𣬶˹սųơǸߣҹı󽫸溲ֻǰŹĵ̸Ŷѡ
溲ֻһСثλǰǰûκο԰ڵġ
Ƴͽܹ࣬ѹס溲ĸ٣ث֮һ
ҲôķŽѩƬ򶫱ԭ
Ƴܹ͸֥졢溲˼˳رĺ˴󽫿ģ޼
󽫾ثָġ
ڷŽȻλͨ佫ߣ۷ǲ
ߣžϣҵ֮;ô᲻ǵã
֪Ļثɫһث֪֪˵ʥʶʮľ¡
ʱثµޣƵʱ죬в޺ʹƶ䡣ټ¤Ҷδ˹صĹͣʱث죬ˡΪࡱĴš
ֻϧΪثʵ̫ᣬأȻսȴδʤְ͢
ʥʵʱ򣬱үүˣһ䡰ث¼Ϊࣻɡʣ½Ժιֱ֮Ӷث֮Ρ
ˣثпܳΪʷ࣡
ثеĺ֪
СȻֵþȣǼһȴӿɺްѵôҳɽܹһҵλܹɱɱǼһ磬ֶֺΪأ
ثͻȻЦ
ųƾŹڳ͢¸ءȻ걻Լ£ثкܲˬǶԸսӲġ
־ӣǶõ衣ڷ졭
Ƶ۹ܺثȵûм֮һثǰ󶼻¤Һ˹սʱ򣬹޺ؽཻûܷͻ
һηôثͿˡѵһ·ǰ¾Ź壬ʲôˡ
ǣڵΣΪǺӵ飬ڳ͢ضޣطĺͬ´ĺóȻУҿứ䣬ǲ
֪üͷһĵǵԳ֪͢Խ࣬ԽǵǣڵΣóȻУ֮١
û뵽֪ĻثУȴһȻЦ
֪壬ôҲѧ͢ǰˣʲô޴޾ڣثǰûкҲûкֻзҵģͲҵġ˵أ
ثͻȻƳͷĿ磬Զһװ֣ʮһ꣬ſڵϳԲˡ

ǰװֵ˱ثһͷ亹ֵ̿ɫ
˧˵ĶԣǺ˾ôܸء͸֥Ǹһ
һ˵ţһ߾ƨɣŸݣѧϣĽţֺĵɫ

ֺĵӣثȻЦһԵ֪壬ҲЦ
ҵģͿԻҵģ͵
ثЦЦţͻȻһƣ⡣⣬ХһɡͻʵĺţվݹǵĺУһٶ֡
ɱ
һ䣬ͷ­أѪżһٶɡͻľ׮Ȼأ£һ
ܿ׵ʿǵʬߣһ֮У͵ûŨŨѪζƮɢ֮С
ĲݶǺɫġ
ڴƶԶثֹС޵Ĵڡ˵ģ޵ľأثǰûкҲûк
ֻзӵģͲӵġ

飡
Ӫѣ֮ǰӪװβĵ˾һŰ׺һӪ˳
ϰʷǡɣ׽һȥɻɣҪץٸɡˣͻ˯ˡҪܣӦ֪Ӳ˵ģ
Ǳֱһ㣬Ǻ绹Ҫݹǡ
ɣ
ثӪʵʱһֻѻһӪзɳƶϣһ·ƾʦȥ
󽫾ث󶼻
ثֳڳ͢ϵʱ˽һ࣬ԼϷصһ롣
ڴƵ۹ľ磬ث̩ɽʥһ˵Ĵ֮һ
ھ֮УһλλثҪأսҪԺա
޶󶼻ثӳڳ͢ϣһ̣˵Ŀλеľ졣
ƻʹ֣̫࣬ٱУһݿʣϣȹڴ齱ߣüֹ
Ȼû¶һ˿һϢȴȻȻһ±ӵȨƵȡ
һһ䲻⣬ȴһ塢ηĸо
˵ǰÿ˶鲻ԽĵͷĿⶼңȻȻĸо
̫ٱá
ڴƵ۹λܹث졢֥溲˼˳һܹסǵ˲ࡣ
þԾһˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ڵĴ󶷾ʹ󽫸溲һεġ
ھûʲôԺյְλʵϣѾж˾Ȩֻһ̫ٱĹΡ
λãܳңݶʷ򡢼Ӷڶȣ⽫Ͻ󶼻󶼻󶼻ϴ󶼡Щλͳͳ
ڣ˵ɹ飬Ƴܼ
ڰ󶼻ʱ򣬴ɡڰ󶼻ʱɨͻʣֻͻʺɾ˶ʮ̫ƽ¤ҵʱŴδ˹ظԭƵôѩɽʥɮԸ
õһҶһûȥܴĶ֣ͳͳһ顣
첻ͬ
ôûʲôģÿδսžȨȥ˾Ȩءսϣܵеͳ˧ˣǽһֻһ̫ٱͷѡ
Һ󽫲ͬʿȻսպգȴԸսˣһܲսþ;ٷս
ͬʱҲԸѳĻᣬøЩˡҲڳܵصԭ
ҪǣȻôĹͣɨôĶ֣ýҲʮѡ
ڱǵĴƾ


170 ֣ⷢ
үˡ
ڴ齱ߣü˼ʱһµһ˽
߰ɡҲġ
̾Ϣѡ
飬Ϊѡ˲һв޺֮һͺ˲սҲͺ˲ս
ˣҲһ溲ˡ
վǰĲ¸溲ǰսĺ˽죬ġվڸ溲һߣԺ˽죬ҲǾƲܵġ
ˣΪѣ
ϣȥһ˽Űɡ⺢ӱĲȰȰ£ɡҲΨһˡ
óãڳ̾Ϣ
ǣү
Ӧţת鷿ȥ

͢ϵľŰϴ󶼻³󶼻ثĳ֣ѹ˼߷һ롣
֮ĳͻý󽣣š
ϣ˫˭Ʋáһжڵ˶ڵų͢ĲöϣʥʵĲöϡ
Ȼ絽䣬֮ȴûκεϢеĺӣ´˷ӶѩĴǰʥҲȻûб¶κε̬ȡ
ڴʥʼûͬҲûзԡϣʥʵ̬ȻĪ˭Ҳ֪ôġ
ʥʵ̬ȣúܶ˼еɻеЩ

ˣ๫˵˲ذɡ
һʧڵƽϡķ⣬һŴվţ˺ܾõҦ˰֡
˵˲𣿡
Ҧüٴȷϵ
๫֮ڣ˭Ҳˡ
ŵ
ô
Ҧ쿴ԶյĴţȻʧѾڶιˣȴǵڶαܾ
Ҧ챾ȨķݵĶԺģǾ죬Ȩջ
⵽ô£Ϊʲôң
Ҧд˷
ڳҰֵ÷зеĺˡ
һ¸׵ֻû뵽بķݳ˱ŸҲˣԼȻҲķݳϱŸ
״ܾӼԼġҦļУӦûǵһΡһΣҦоЩ֡
үô죿
һҽԱߵ
Ȼȥ
ҦƬ̣һ֣뿪ķݡ

ҹð¶ȽֺҹڸǵıȴǸӼҵӿ
磬λԷ糾Դˡ
ʹڣҹɫڸ£ĹøִԷ糾һ˹ΧѲߵĽȫˣΧȫֺԷ糾Լ֡
ˣ
Է糾˹⻹һڳ͢ĵطҵĳب
ˣ
بӭкԼĵǡ֮ͻرգبǳ͢еسӵвʱ빬࣬µȨ
بȨġ
ȻˣبҲڹо
Խֶڵôˣ
بʵ
ӵһ쿪ʼѾˡʱѶȫޣеس鲻ʲôϢ
بòġ
÷ڽеԷ糾ʶڽ֮Уˮ¥̨ȵ£ب뵽˰Է糾鿱
ûУ
ԤϣԷ糾ȴҡҡͷɫޱȣ
ǽ죬ǰʱֻҪкٻõϢһȫͬ˶ܿΡеҲϽ뿪£Υ߸ɱۡڹʮ꣬Ҳǵһε̫ˡ
ô
بʧǴ㵡
ب飬Է糾в̾Ϣһ壬ҲǺкøеġǰ빬һԷ糾Ҳǳġ
ǲ֪ΪʲôԷ糾Ȼȫ޷ӽҲκεϢһ޵׵ĺڶһ
Ҳȫûа취
Է糾һҧͻȻڵ
и͢ǰҵĲ£Ϊɷ㱻ҾѾ취һϢʱӦòˡ
ɣ
ͻȻһСްĽͷһֻ޴ĺӰչųͷ
èͷӥ
بͷͻȻ˳
ƵĹǽǰĻʹϵģ˵ǰ帲û֮ЩƵķϾۼ˴
ȻƳʱѾ취ȥЩˣЩ
Щʱ䣬ѾӦ˻ʹͷ󣬵Ӹ󣬶Ҳߵѹ
Ȼҿʹ룬ӵĵطǻʹôЩʹԵı߽߱ǽǣȴΪǻĵط
Ϊ˶ԸЩ󣬻ʹרŷһèͷӥ׽Щ
بֻ˵ţȴûۼû뵽žȻġ
žգ
èͷӥϷӹ˫צһɣžһӲһںѪģĶȻһֻСèһ˶
󣡡
Է糾ѸٵĹȥʿĶӣȻóһֽһۣԷ糾ɫͻȻѿ
ô
بһĵ
ҵ˰ܲĵطˣ棡
ʲô
һɲǼ䣬بʱɫ

Ρ棬弴֮֮
Ȼ˫ֱţҲȫ޷ѣ巢֣ڵԪȴǲġ
СڿһԪеѪѨ
Ȼ廹ܲϵĴЩ͢СֽϢʲôٽʲô󶼻Ͱ󶼻ͦԼʲô͢Ĵ󳼿˺ʷͻȻڳ͢ϣ̣ЩԼ鳯͢ʷһһƣû˸ҷ
ЩϢǽǺЦǸж
ôվԼ˵ҲԼðôķգǷˡ
óЩ͢ҲվԼһġ
ԹҪЩ͢ݼֽӳȥ˱ƽ֮ǰϢͨĹ֣͢һĻ̿֡
̽˼ΣҲоˣϢƺֻܡֻܽˡ

ڳ˼ʱ򣬸ͻȻһҽСü˹ȥֻڵηһȺһŹ
˵ʵǰɣ˵ʵ͸ѵ
һȺȭߣһš
ﲻգһƬڰˣԶǻŤġŹѾüˡ
ҪתͷȥͻȻ֮䣬ͻȻһҺ
û˵ѣĽĽꡣҾһũСѡ
ˣ
·һӹߣһȻ֮Ťͷ
ߣ˵ûк˵˵ʲôطһСҲܹصҴ򣡡
ֻȺ˽
ס֣
ףͻȻһһ¶ҡһȺ˷׷Ťͷ塣


171 ʥ⣡
ſ
Ķˣ
һɲǣ㾲壬ж¶ηɫ
Сӣʲô¶Ҫܣ
һģ֣ȴҿ壬ǵͷܹĿ⣺
߰ɣϼһˣ
˵ʱ򣬺ݺһѣйһ
С⡰Ρ棬˭֪˸ǲáеԴҩһǹġ
£
ûЩ⣬ŹһٵġСдΪ档
Ľꣿ
忴ֵֹġ
ǣлӳ
秵ģ˵ŻҾһһлɫ˿ݹᾣҲģֻһ˫۾
ţĽĽ͵ꣿ
Խˡ
ˣǰǸũ
ǣ
Ľв죬ǹ֣ӦһͬʱҲʼʶĴ塣
Խ΢ˡ
Ϊ̰ƽģ
嶢Ľ꣬ͻȻ
ô֪
Ľѿڵɫ䡣
ˣ
һʯǧˣ͵һɲǼɲ

۾ŵĿǰôţԼȵĽ
Ľ그£ӦǹܡΪʲôڻʹѵ˵ԼʵڱΣ
ôܣ
оɲôҲ벻ԼҪҵ˾Ȼʵ̫ϳˡ
ӵʲôˣ
ĽɫӦҲоˣƺԼ˽ķǳ࣬Զˮƽ벻ȥ
ûлش𣬶ɫ
̸ף
Ľ̾Ϣ
ΰֻųȥģûлųȥġģа취ĻͰҴ㶫ȥɡ
Ǻǣİɡһ취ȥġ
忴Ŀ㵽ֹûж˵
ܿ죬תͷԼġСѾиоֿҪͨһѨˡ

䣬ת֮͵˵ˡڡΡѾǹصˡʥȴʼûб¶Լ̬ȡ
еӶѩƬ˹Уʥȫˡȫв̬д󳼶еĪ⡣
ǳҪûмСԽˡеĺжԺкøеĺ˴󳼣Ҫ塣
ͬһʱ䣬άĺһҲ͡ңںҪͬʱ˽Ҳʼᵽı⡣
֮ԺʿΪ˽κʾʣǺֻ֪κˣάˡɱеĵײ˽ԽԽࡣ
ûлᣬ޷ͷ
ûлᣬҲ޷õ
ԱĽԽԽ١
Ѿǰʵ˵ģڴƳΪʵԵӣһӺսƴսͷǺˣݵĹͣԶںˡ
ײĺ⣬ƣͣȻʿûжȻԽֲս
ҲԽԳͷ
ѾǼ裬ʵ
û˱ȴƵĺ⡣
ƵıͥսƵս࣬ĺѪҺԴԴϵĲ䵽
ԼѪⶼڹӦź˵սǱ죬лĽʿǺˣǲġ
·ʤսͣȻռݸλǿʳʵǿĵⲻǺȻ
ں˵ĲҲǾ
ϣʥʸΣᣬʥʴӿʼβ󣬵ڳ۵ҵʱʥȻһԲתȥ
ּľϣ
ʥȥ֮һƽµĴ̫ັĳڳãɤʥʵּ⡣
¡
һ仰áִ̫֮󣬶ʱﵽ۷塣ʦ֮Ƿꡣۺˡˣ˶һյľϡ

үүүүһȾȸ簡粻ǻ˰
ͬʱڳҰ֮⣬˹עĵطһֺĹոǰĺޡ
ѾǡСᡱˡСӵ˼׼˲׼Ծ壬ͷˣѪ˿
İɡˣ
ãոյĴУһϵ
үү
С͵̧ͷһľϲ⻹ǼһλӦ
Ĵûˣֻ㣬һɵӡɡ
ոյĴڳһ˿϶ѩ׵׳ŷһֻ̽˳㽫С˽ȥ

үүټھ͹ȥ
ʲôȥ
Ҧһ
͵˲þʱҪȥүӡû뵽û뵽үȴټˡ
ھȥһۣ̬֧ң֧壡
͵ƻ谵ҦүһҦ죬żɽ
ʲô
Ҧһ
ҿǵаǾˣΪʲôҪ֧֣
ҦôҲ벻ס
ߣ㣬ǰ漸ңǲ˼ҳ̬壿
Ҧүûлش𣬷һ¡
⡭ǣȷʵ˼
ҦĬƬ̣ͷڵ˵ͷүǰûбҪġ
ǣҪôɣǺԣ
Ҧ¶Ϊѵɫ
ֺ֧ˣ壬ľˡ
˵Ļ˰ɣ
ǣ
Ҧûзϡ
ѹ֡
Ҧүӵ˵ͷһϵӡ֪ϴƻµ壬Ȼ׷Ź
죬ҪסڲҪҪԵ⡣ҪҪͱԵ⡣

죬㻹Ҫֵ֧ĲңǱ¡²Ǿ˭Ҳ
Ҧү̾Ϣ
ǣµľǻûг𣿡
Ҧɻ
ǺǣھѲ⣬ԽԽʥ֮ࡣѾǵǸ̫ˡ
ҦүͻȻиŵ겻ѣ
ε¼Ҳȷµ⡣ҲҲԭ򡣲۲֮Ѿȷ˱µ˼壬ǲģ
븸ָ㣡
ҦɫͻȻһһ̵ļơ
Ǻǣ㻹𣿱ɱ飬ûܹ̫飬εĽڶʹ¼ǱҪɱĻΪȵ𣿡
ҦүӺǺЦй˵Ҧǰĵ档
䣡
һʯǧˣҦԭԴһŽһ̣εڸ׵£һЩ׵ȻͨԺһƬ㡣
лָ㣬ˡ
Ҧ칧óϷһ񡣺ܶ飬ָ㣬ûָ㣬Чȫͬġ
׷ʥʮ꣬ϣҦ֪׾Բдġ
ֻǸףһʥҪΰ
ǺǣǾͿôˡ
Ҧүӵ


172 ߹

ǱһܼĽŲѵģ̇ͷľͷһƬЩܼĽŲУһŲֺꡢĽŲԵΪ⡣
δо˵Ϣֺꡢƴͬʱͬմǧ˹
ʲôˣ
дΪ졣
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һֻϵѥӣƺͷ̤˳գۼ䣬һţ󣬴ƽ£ֺշתһ̫Ұ֮С
󣬻̫ࡢţһΨհӡ
ˡ
üͷֺͰ׵̫࣬оɲġǰǽ嶼ûмˡ
֪Ϊʲôָо˿ͷ
ǺǺǣܿˣǴġ
ֺ̫ߵդڣһЦݿ˭ˣ鲻ԽĶһ׽ĸоͺԼҵһ
Ȼǵһμ棬˸κ˵ĸоʶһһ
ˡ
嵭еĸоȴԽ֡
Ǻǣﻹסϰ߰ɣ
ֺ̫
Ϊأ
Ц
Ǻǣ˳ԵҲ㲻ʲôԵ˿࣬ܵΰ
ֺ̫ɨһΧġΡЦǺǵ
վ˵ۣ
Ψһĸо
̫࣬ӡͦõġ
ӳԵĻϰ߰ɣ
ֺ̫
Եĵǲ
ᵹǵ˵ͷȻ˵ȷʣˣùʳѰ廹ûԹ
ÿζرһʳȫͬΪˣȻʪ廹ܴȥ
Ǿͺá
ֺ̫˵ͷʶһѡк棬һһشˡ̫ĸоȫһ
ǺǣȻˣҲûرˡˣ
ֺ̫ͻȻơȺһɧҲʱŷȺ󷽾ȻĹŮ
ֻΪİСţĽǵסԲûп
ˡȻŮܴ
忴ǰ̫࣬ԾСҲԽݡ̲Ĵζ׼Ůӽȥ˵ˡ
ܰѹŮΣʵǲ򵥣
ӣοຮ⼸öҩǱµһ⡣ӿȥá
ֺ̫
ŮУһһ̡ÿ϶һװҩĽСûд򿪣Ҳоóζͨĵҩ
оɲԽ󲻶ֺ̫ʲô˼ѵǸζҩ
л
ȴûһ̽ϽӹС
գ
ӹеʱͻȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲ⣬һ߽˹
߹
ɨһܣܿ쿴׼ֺ̫࣬˹ȥ
ˣ
ĻȻһ𣬶̧ͷǰֺ̫ࡣ
Ȼ
ȻһƬκˡͻȻ֪ǰʲôˡֲ˵ܴ¡
ֲܰѹŮΡ
û뵽Լ֮оȻܼλĴڡ

ͻȻڵ
һ𣿡
ⷭ˵ϣһɲǼ䣬˵Ŀͳͳ˹ȥҴ߽ĽҲĿ˹
Ŷ˵˵
ֺ̫üͷ˶һ⣬漴ȤζĶ塣
취ȥ𣿡
һָͻȻŸڼĽ
һĽʱסˡҲɵˡ
𰡣ҰҲҳȥ
ҪƾʲôȥҳȥҲŸӦóȥ
ˣȾҡûʲôҲҪȥ

һ궯׷״󺰴У״ۿ
ţ
ֺ̫೤ü˶ͻȻĺһ£ɲǼ䣬Ρ¶ոջһɫһϣ۾ֳ︡ηɫһ
˵˵ΪʲôҪ𣿡
ֺ̫ŤͷȤĴ塣ȻĻע⡣
Լ֮УԼȥȴžһˡⲻܲе档
Ϊ˶Ե۹
ɫ
Ŷ
ֺ̫¶֣صɫһ۴ŲԶĽ꣬۾еȴһ㶼١
ܸΪʲô𣿡
ֺ̫
Ǳ˵ܻⷭһЦ֮ǰλꡭʶľ֮٣ҲС˵ÿһ仰
رǣȻ˵ǡ˶Ե۹
û˵ĺҾǡңͲӦΪһ֮˽͵
򶨵
ڴĽҲ֪˹һЩ顣Ľ걾ȷʵӦǹѺ̲ġ
ǰʱ䣬Ľ걾Ҫȥ֪ΪʲôͻȻָıע⣬̲ĴΣѺ͵֮С
飬ĽʼһԺŪôһ¡淢ʲôֻǣΪĽҲûرȥ˼
ȴͬ
ϸѯĽǰʱʱôˡ
ȷʵԼæ̲Ľľȷʵ˻ȥǺĽľֱˡ
ʱϿᣬֱ̲ʱ
δ֪Ľ˭֧Եģֵ֧ģһȥû
ĽϾôˡתѺ͵˿ظΪܵΡ
˵ԼһִٳĽ걻ص

ֺ̫üͷƺ뵽ʲô
ˣ
ة˱Ҫˡɡ
ֺ̫ද˶֣һơûȴһηɫ
ƺǼǳ˲õĶ
Ӧţȥη߽ȥһһңĽ˳һĻ˵ĽЩ嶼סˣҲԽ϶ֺ̫ݡ
ƽⲻƽ
ΪʲôҡҲҪȥ
ҳȥ
һ·ܵ˾޴ݼһ۾ͨ죬ץդΣ൱ˡ
סڣҰ
߹ȥš
һ£ˡˣ¾ͽˣ
ֺ̫ȴû˵ʲô¼֮󣬾ʹĽ꣬һ뿪ΡͬʱһԱģ˹
ˣ
ЩĿŶԷ˲ǱˣȻǳˡ
ӣᵽýԲȯƽ顣ܱµּ⣬صǰ˽һϣϣ


173 ʥʲþ
бġϴֽͱʣԱҲī⣬һ˵ӡ
忴ǰ幣ͻȻ˵ĸо
Բȯڵݸʥʵĩβ˳ᵽ⡣Ϳʯȸֽʱͷ֣ܶʱļ۸񶯲ʹﵽ˼ʮƽ𡣻Ҳﵽʮ
ȻƽܶȺܴ󣬵¾ʮĻƽҲǺܴ󡣵վ̫㡣
һ漰ΧĽףͻӰ쾭á
ֹˣƾδ˵ƣĸо֡λơ̺Σ⡣
ƽ޵ġ
ƽ𿪲ϾõķչͻصԼá仰˵ǡǮһʱյļУƽ𡢰޴ɵ£ǴھͭͭǮ
ƽӡͭǮԵȣɵĽǱƻҡһܶһöͭǮ˵ͱһһʮöһٶʮöࡣ
ַٳĲȶ
ЩΪǮС뽫طɵط˽׵顣
ⲻֹޣϵ֮ĺǴڡ嵮һʱգǿ󡢷硰ɽķҲһⲻ˺ȫ罨ˡ׶ɭϵ
󣬸һλֱûҺͻƽѹ
Ҫԭ򣬾ǽλƻԼá
ǿ硰ɽķܵλơԼ˵ˡ
ӭʷǿʱ򣬴ҲʱԼӴҲ뵽ִĽ֮󣬼ĸоƽı£̺Σ
ԣŻ˳ᵽ֡⡱
ԹΪнԲȯԲȯͻƽҹһɶһһڵ֮󣬾ͿԴΧķнԲȯ׵ȡƽ
δмƻģһϡͽԲȯеĻƽϰ˽Բȯ֮󣬾Ϳ͵׵ĽƽԲȯһƽ
ƽ𳹵׵˳ľûתɵ۹ܡ壬ԲȯȻԹƽ𣬼۸Ȼ䡣
ַͨһ漰ƽĴףӷˡ۹ҲԳ׵İѡƽ𿪲ɡʹñøӵķ
ƶȡȶĻȶȶĽԡ
Ҳ˳һᣬûָʥʻ⡣Ͼڷ⽨ᣬֳǰϲ̫ܱܣ˵ʵˡ
ֻû뵽ʥʲȥˣҾȻ˳֮УλԺգзԵѯԼ
ԭλ߹еĿġ
忴ǰ幣д˷һɲǣʲô
ʲôʵľ;˵ɡһȫϵġ
ڵأɫ
幵˵ͷϸϸ޾ϸѯʵķǳϸԲȯôʲôϣôУʲôطУж١Ӱ˵⣬Щ嶼û
岻òпЩȷʵ˼ǳϸ塣ǻ˼άЩλǴ飬ȴ൱ϸ塣
һ򵥵ġԲȯ⣬Ҳд˼ֵӡȴѯ˶ʱд˶ٶҳ߰ǧֵݡ
ӣлˡһϣһ۵ġ
ȻǺͽʱһġȴȴע⵽˵ͽʱȿ࣬Ҳࡣ
˿ˣ
Ц
幵˵ͷܿźһֽ뿪Ρ

ҹ˾ķһյƻš
ף
بһЩ⻹һμԼҵүӡ
ɣ
ү֣ߵλب⣬Ա
ų𣿡
үӵ
ǣ͵еʱˣһֱ˯š
ب
ϴǿŮͬµĿɲʲôС¡ôҪ壬بҲоЩ㡣
ǺǣİɡǺӲµġ
ү΢΢Ц鷴بôš

͵еʱ򣬴بԼҵүȰȰʥʡҲֻˡ
үⷭبһʱ˵ˡ
ף˵𣿡
بһʶץסԼ׵ơ
ǺǣͲòˡ⺢ܱʥʿУҲ컯պݻԵҲˡҲòʥ첻ٵˡ
Ź΢΢Ц

بĿԼĸףԺȫӦ嶼ؽˣ֪
ңô˽췴Ҫ֪᲻¡үӾȻ˵컯
ô£
بڳô꣬ŹⷭҲЩӦˡ
㻹𣿱°ѳؽΣǡǡڱڳͷϸ룬Ϊʲôʲôʱ򱻹ؽȥģǡǡǳ˵Ĳûֵ֮ǰ
ңǱ°ѳؽΡΪ㻹ܰ𣿡
Ź͸¶һֿ̬ǺͶ졣
بλϣһӴסˡ
屻ץΣֻŴߣ취ȴû뵽תۡ
ȫһֱبо˵Ĳûе
屻ץȥĵڶ죬ֵһʰûץΣôͱֵһʰˡ
ÿ̤ҵĴţʵ˶֪жˡ
ǡǡΪ屻ץΣҲŶеġңҲʹóҰ⣬ͬ顣
֮ô຺佫򱧲ƽһԭҲΪûбץǲܴﵽЧġ
˵Ķ弫ΪڻҪӡ
ǺӱؽΣǸǻԺкôܵʥˣǺܶһӣºܶ󹦶顣ֻ飬֪˲˹࣬ĻԳǻǸˡ⼸ҲűŲ
Ź
ԭˡ
峤ĳһɻӭж⡣ֲøһֱֲܶҪ壬ô鸸ȴ˳Ĭ
Ȼоţب֪ϣǲѵġ
Ǻǣȥú˯ɡ͵ʥеʱˡûв´ĻҦҵλһ͸ֳ֧ˡ
ŹЦ
ô᣿
ب͵̧ͷĳԾѡ
ŹЦЦȴûн͡

ڵĿʱ̡
ǱǴƵĺֻ߳͢ϵ˶Ҫڴʥʲþ
ںܶ˵ѾǼ򵥵һ⣬漰˺ͺڴƵȨ͵λ⡣
ʵگԻ
ڶʹƶȼУۺԿɵΡɳ̶֮͢ʽУ壬ȻʧƫģҲȫ洦ԲȯĽ飬ڹڰ
ΪЧȣسʹµ̷մˡ
ʧ𶯣Ǻ˺ˣһƬڡں˵ڶʹƶûзϣҺ˿ԵνڶʹǸĽ
Ҳʾ͢Ժӡ
ں˵ô˺Ҫ壬ֻǳͷµļǸ޴ʤ
Ҫǣڶʹƶȡ͡úˡĲԣֻһڶʹƶȡȥˡúˡĲԡ
ں˵Ǹ޴ʤ


174 
һ죬һʥʵԲʽ
Ϊƽìܣбﲿӣʿɣ˽첻õɣ
ʥʵּ⴫˱졢֥溲˼˳е۹˴󽫵İͷ϶һ
һΣڱȴ󡣳ɵĺʿɵĺ˽죬زǹݡ
еĽȫǺˣҲȷʵ̫ˡֻΪʥʲδЩ飬Ҳ͹ôš
ֻǣʥʲþǾɲǲˡ
·졢֥֮Ҳֻилķݡ

Ȼ⣬ܹǳɹˣ
ڡΡյϢġڶʹƶȡûзϳɰ䲼УЩź
ȻԼѾ߾ȫˣүӣʥʡõķʽԼˣһôĺ֧Լ
ʷĳȻǰ赲
ԼŬҲûгɹ
١úˡΪĲȥˣ֮ڶʹƶȡ˴󽫿ԵΣ˴ͬԵΡ
УδΪµľҳ̶ȡңбﲿӣʿɣ˽첻õɡҲһĽ
٣ʿЩռġ
µļ巴ˡǴ棬ÿ԰ĵһ¡Сʱ㣬ùԼСɡ

Ӷܿ쾲һɹɵĺ֮ת

벻
湬ڣʥʵĲþ𺳲ѡһεоﰵ֪˿ţ湬֮һ
ΪĽ湬ԼЩպԴң̬ȣǽӽԶ֧֣Ƿԣ
ε¼֪ٺ˽վҪ塣졢֥溲Щ˴󽫣ȶͷƤ飬㤲ѡ
ôѹΪڽӣҲⲻһصĳͷû뵽Ǹʹ½ա
ֳ֪ǸʲôԲȯƶ𣿡
ڣ̫ͻȻ˵оԲȯҪá
ٺ٣ãʶˡȻ͢ǰһԺΪʥڰ忪ѣԸߣʥڰ忪ѣ൱⻹ǵ͹Բȯã
ƶʵʩˣǿ̸࣬͡ҲӦõġ
ȵɫΪԸ
Ȼçڶķ֮䣬Ⱦڼ㣬ںǮйصĶ츳
ġԲȯƶȡںܶ˻۵Ҳࡣȼǵһ۾͸оֶҪԡ
Ŷֳǲ̫һ㡣ǽԲȯô
ڣ̫ΪȡҲֻһʣû뵽ֳȶ۾Ȼôߡ
ٺ٣ãʳǣԲ֪֪һ꿪ɵĻƽж𣿡
ЦЦû̫شԼͽʾ˴𰸣
ʮŲٶԲԣҸ㣬ǰʮǰʮ
ƽ޵ģŻƽĿɣԺԽԽ١껹жʮ˵ֻʮ˺ֻ꣬а͸ˡôƣӴޣһܿɵĻƽŲǧ֪ζʲô𣿡
۹Ǯã
ôܣ
̫һʶԡ۹ǮãǾͲСˡ
ٺ٣ãҲþ֡Թ⡣ֻس̶ȲһѡʵϣԱ̶ȣֵܼڶû⣬ѾҾ൱ˡ
Ц빬ʱ䣬Ҳûšƾ̫ͷӴ˴ϣҲŬѧϰ˺ܶණȻǺǮйصģ
͢ÿĻ̫ˣ͢ϵĿ֧طϵĿ֧Ͽ֧󳼵ķ»ЩһٵˡǽɽɽҲǲġûдĽ䣬͢ȻղǮ
˽ԲȯͲͬ
˵һЦһ˽Բȯıʣ
˽Բȯ͢ͿǮҲܵɵơĽɽɽȡ֮֮߰壬Ű
һ仰ижԷθ
Ű
ʲôȸֽҲͰˣʲôʥʵۣȲ̫Ҳ˵̫໰Բȯٰ֮
治֪ô뵽ƲߡƲȣеĲ󳼣ʲôӣʲô칫μ穣̫Զˡ
ȺٷˣرǺ͡ǮйصĶΣķˡ
ڣ̫û˵˼

ɱ
ҵĸۡڣĴبù˪ø֡СڡĸˡСãýգб˼üһãｻһ˷ܵɫͨ죬ϲ
о˵ģĪһˡ
Ȼǰʱһ˴ڲҲ裬ҲһΣͬЭۼһ𣬶Ϣء
ͱԼûз֣ΪĹϵһ˲֪һ塣
һĴ󲮣ҵʱҲЦݡС˼ʯ֭
ǰǲġ
ллңллң
ԲƣžƱۿͨ죬˵˵ţֲ̲סЩӣǲġ
ãˡһжȥˣûˡ
Ĺù˪æϸο
˵˵ͷæĨĨᡣһԵСû飬߸ߵľ˴ŵƱ
ףСճ
һ仰˶Цһ׷վ
ɱ

Ρ֮УҲ֪淢飬һ˰
Сӣ㵽ʲôˣ
ʱͻȻ֮䣬ԺһͻȻ
ͬʱԺгĬõ֮ʯٴηϤ
ıˣص
100
ˣ
һ
˭ʲôˣ
͵ܡܾĵģ֮⣬ƺ˭ҲûǸ
мֵĳһۡ
ߣ㻰ء㵽ôģ
Щõ԰Ը
סˡ
ո˵Ҳû
ؽȻԭΪдӣʥʣԲűؽġ֪ǰΪʲôԭ򱻹ؽΣ
忪ڵ
ԷֱԼԺģһּΪľš֮У
ʣԷҲɡ
ΣȻΪΣ
ϣĻһ䣬ԷͻȻЦ͸һ˵ļ


175 Ĵ裡
ѵ𣿡
һ죬ȶԷҪȡôãǵһ˵ﲻΡ
ٺ٣ǰĹҾȻ˵ΣǷݣҪ˵ΣҲܹŲ㣬ǵʮ㣬ʮɣ
Ц
Ĺң
кݺһ͵̧ͷŵĴܡôã֪ȻʲôĹң
͢ȡǰ֮ҴƵĻʹǽڴʹķϣЩ嶼֪ġ
ֻ岻֪ʹĵ£ȻĴ幬ҡ
ǰҲ㡣ֻǣﲻεĻΪʲôЩ˻ᱻǲΣҸоѵҲо𣿡
лЩɻ
ǣ˵Щʮǰ͹ЩֻҪӽһη﷢óǲΣ
ұ֣Ų˱֮⣬ûʲôˡôͻȻһͽôˣȫˣԭһжΪ㡣ЩΪ㣬ű

˵ĻشޱȡһֱΪЩġһֱˡ
˵˼ЩȫֻʱĶѡЩԽܡ
飬ţԷȫûбҪƭԼġ
ôܣ
ͷͻȻ֮両ֳǱ࣬޷ݵľ޴
˵˵ΧȻʱġңƺΪԼģʱļ
˵㵲ѡ
循㵵ĻֻҲкܶˡǽ֪Լ棬Ȼ˹Ѻ
ҪǣһΣԼı˼ˣ˵߳ƺţҲŽ50ѡ
˽ֻ֣Ȼ;֮ʯ100ѡ
ʵǺ񣬵ʲôˣȻôصķ
㣬ʶˣ
תͷ̧ͷָһһ
Ҳ֪Ҳʶʮǰŵģһ£ԣ£ǶãǶá
ʵʼǵ˺棬شԽԽң˺˶Գһʵ״̬
״Ͻסʱһֲֵӡ
֮УգоʱţֵطˣǺ׾ҵġ
ֶƽʱܸоһĳЩ򣬾ͻҲͨˮεĴжﾭ˶೤ʱ䡣
˵ǶԵġ
аȻԷĻش߰ģһǿȷǾЩ˵ȷʵʱ䲻
ֻǣйصʱ䳤ˣͱľԲŻЩⲿı仯
ǰո˵ξŲ㣬ǹڵʮ㡣֪ǰһ㣿
̽ʵ
̫֣̫ˡ
ңǵʮ㣬Ϸǵڶʮ㡣幬ҵײ㣬صľϷ򡣡
˹Цȴһɱͷŭζ
ǰΪʲôԭأ
ʵ
ЦȻֹɲǼ䣬һƬž˺ܾöûشһоͺĻþһ
ǰ
ü̽ʵ
ˣҪʵ̫ࡣʱ֪̫࣬δǺ¡㲻ǾҪȥ𣿵´ٽʱҰɡ
Ϸϲռ˵ıˣرСġ㶫͵Ϸ̸Ĵ۰ɣ
һ䣬廹ûӦ͸еµص𶯡漴һӴƿն͸ز㣬֮Ȼڡ
ġСһؿһѨٳ޷ͨã˲Ȼ
ֹˣӴྡྷЪȻڴͨǵؿѨ֮󣬺䣬һͨСѭڣתһȦΡ
ɺƴԪŵͬʱصҲָšǵصϢ׵ĴԺʧˡ
ԴһƬհףβڶԷС
˹ڵУȻӵӴԪȻܶؿǣ׼ĺԼڡ
е𺳵ǣС̥ڡ컯а˴Լġ
žѧ֪˲ࡣ
Ҳ֪ԷȾ֪žѧ˵ԼСԷͨۂԼƶϳġС
һ֣˵൱ˡ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
̽źǵص׾ĵģʲôûСľͺʲôûзһ
籡Ԫĸ壬һоԼĻþ
˵ʲôˣʵôߣȴѺڵ档ҿʱѾܳܳˡ
̲ס
ϱҲʶ㣬ʶٵĸ֡аˡЩͳͳ֪
֪εصѺôһ֡Լ֪ĸУҲûһܺ˶Ϻš
˵˭
һθоԤ֮飬Ҳĺ档
ǲôĲ⣬Ҳжôĺ棬ص׵شȷȷʵʵ׵ʧˡ
εĺûκεĻӦͺڹһ
̽κֻա
СһٴͨʡܶʱͿ๦԰˼ŵĹʱ
ʱµʱת˲ţ֪ڵ뿪εʱˡ
ϲı̫¼ıˣɶ3020㡣
ϲıڶʹ¼ı۹¼ɶ3030

һ쵽ͬʱ֮ʯϤ˶ͬһʱ䣬ԺˢϢ
漴һƬϲ
50ҾȻõʮ
־ϲޱȡ
ջ̫ˣʵ̫̫Ԥϡ
һΣıˣҲӵĸıˣټϿߡӵƺŽǰǰô飬һҲʮ
һΣԼֻ30ͻ50ȫɰٷ֮٣õ150
ҲԽȷеһжϡ
ıҴ£ҪԶȸı˵õĽ࣡
а
Ψһźǣ̫¼̫ȻǺʥһһµʷ¼ûиıġ
ڶʹ¼ҲȻ䲼ʵˡȥһúˡĲԡ
ҪȻԼõĽ
תЩͷͿ͢˵Ĵ£첽Լ˹
ţû˵һ͢ʹߵ԰һ¡
ˡ
ǰһڣЦһȻٴ˹ȥ


176 һ
ǱһɽХĻӭѵġ
ƵתǰֻȼӰɽХĻǴԶԶĹǽ⴫ġԼǰة˴żֹ͢СվԼǰһηӡ
һΪš
忴һۣϳԼΡ
ӣˡǴòΪӺ
˹̬ڵüͣ˵ǼԴ칬λ֮˾֪ǰ˾ԲԼܹǵĴڡ
ܴ˿ˡ
ЦЦҲûƽϣ
ˣҿ˰ɣ
ԣȻԣ
æһߣóһ·ڿǰͲϽ뿪Ȼʲô˶ҹأһλԲġ
ȻһЦҲû˵Ʈ֮дǰȥԶһ׼š
˰źˡ
ȥꤵǰʻȥһ·ĹԸоﰵڴԼ
һڶʹ¼Ŀɲֹǳϵ󳼣ЩҲͬڡο廹ȸֵߡ
Խŵķ֮ǰĻԽĺһɽ㣬ա
ڣִ˹ſڣͣ
壡

ո³оһϲõĻŤͷ빬ſڻʮ׵ӣ忴ϤӰԼ˹
ͳ죡
ø
۾һ˳Է糾Ͳ˵ˣ¥ʶø嵹һ㶼⡣
øԷ糾ǹеĽʹ˲ȥܳʱ䶺øԷ糾ȴǲһ
ʹأǵĵ̡
Сӣڳˣ
ǿǵ˺þã
˴󲽳ݺݵıס塣
֣̫ҿ챻ˣ
ôʲôһûʹأ
˶Ц
Ȼյòͨ죬ȴůůġ˵ĸоˣԼڴˣ
Ǻǣ㵽ڿǲˣ滹ڵأ
ȥɣաǶأ
ûռ̫ʱ䣬ļ򣬴һȥǲܽġ
صĹţһӭҲڹɲǡ
䣡
һɽĻͻȻӶдһ˱֮ǰڹĻҪϡ
壡
幫ӳˣ

쿴ӣ

ʹ⣬ȺһƬڡ
ո߳ţ廹е㲻ӦоеۣȵӦˣǰɽ˺ĳһӶˡ
ڹʱ򻹲ãȵʱ֪ۼ˶ˡӹ⣬ԶԶȥȺ飬ĿȫӰ
ֵߵϣľϣӰһϲԼķ
էһȥ֪жˡ
壡
壡
壡
壡

ֻϢʱ䣬˷ȫˡ塱ǧ˷ĵӵһˣҺֵʱǼ׳۵ġ
վڹſڣ˶סˡ
˻ʹĻȴ֪ȻôԼӭԼһŵЦݣ϶ϲãκεʣ壬Ҳƽӵܣи̾޼֣Ҳƶ˼ңһЩӵܡ
һ̣˶ڷĵΪԼϲáˡ
Щ˺֮ܶǰûԼû˵ԼȴԼ֮죬ԼͬۼΪԼأ
Сһܵô˻ӵ
վ£оůůġ
ޣǴƵ۹ֻҪ飬Ƕ֧ǡǺ̾޼֣ƶ˼ңӵܣƽգЩӵܣᷢĵȥ֧㣡
ÿжи˳ӣڴǴǰӵҲһǷǡ
Ȼµļ£һ̣оһжֵˣ
úһаɣ쾩ʦ棬󳼣Ǿ佫˼ˡĽգΪˣ
һϤУبһ˹ļԺޱȡ
Ȼ岢Լһ̣بΪһӵܶеĽ
󲮣
Ŀйâ
ӭԼԶֹ󲮣͸Ⱥ廹Сڣù˪Ҳһˡ
ȻɻеѾ˵һС
ЩһˣӭӵȺ廹ϤףҶϡϡϡϡүүϲ¼ۼվȺУ˷ܵԼơȲʡ
ǣ廹󳼡кܶ˶˵Ǽİġ
˶ڶԼ΢Ц
飡
ͻȻȺУһ̻ա̻֮աֹǹŸʦ֮УԶԶطʶʶ˶ѡһȼ̻ף
ʦ֮ϲ
岢ûж̫ãڴ󲮵£ͳеɨк֮һ׼õ֮С
ž
ǰһ廹ؼյϲУһ̣һССȻžһǧݺݽڵأεѹĵ̺ϣá
㣡
ʧɫȻֻǾһƳ忴źɫѣɫ࣬ųһӰǱˣԼýա
ֲԼȺûԭһֱ
ǰһ̻˾Ľһ̾ͱˤ˸ʺ⡰ϲδ̫˰ɡ
Сӣ´ٸôððʧʧдʲôӣɱֶ㲻
û˵һϤͷ
ԭӲӲģ׼仰һůȫʱ
㣬֪ˡ»زôðʧ

ס˵Ļ
ýյɱ䣬ȴɿջȣһߣŤһͷȥ
֪Ϊʲôоýۿʪʪģ޹
Բ𣬶㡣

ȻĽܣȻеʱԴԼܱһ᲻ǶԼģõû˵
ܶʱоýԼ׶һ
ǹԼԼҲͲôˡ
֪ǳɲСС֪֡С塢Ҹסĸףжൣ𣿡
ýȻɫȴÿࡣ
εĽڶʹ¼һ嶼һ޴ĳͿ飬ȻĽ֤ǺõģҲˣǶе˵֪һжôΣա
ôıͬʱһҪ壬󽫣͵۹󶼻ںܶ˵ġ
նһΪҪˡ
ǰҲûһδô
ܲģܲ
ٺ٣㣬ⲻû𣿶ˣ㣬γһиС͸㣡
ͻȻóһЦһĵ
תעţʲôôѿ
ٺ٣зһƬġԹ̶ͷġҪǾѿһȥһ£Ūȥ϶ÿ
Ц
ķʵһֵ˿ŪˡU͡򵥵ķȻUͷĻԿɫɫָķ
ֻǸʼѡ
ԼǶֶ̫ȤҲûָһʲơֺýȺӦǹˡ
ȻýƵķԣãȻȤˣҲû¼ˡֻ˵εСˣŪƯ
廹˵ʲôȻæĴӦ


177 
ýצӹһ٣һ·УȺ󻶺ȲУӹųҵķʻȥ
ʱ˾ĸסʥʣԼרУûбĸףǳô£ĸ׻֪βġ
µʱ䣬ԼȻǱ˽գĸֻҲܡ
γӭȺȻûпĸס֪ĸײԼ߲Լĸ׵ݲ̫ʺϳˡ
С磬ˣ
ſڣһŮͯ۾һȻɱͶְ㣬һ˽ĻǾ޴ŲԣԪס
Сãּˣ
屧ԼСãЦ
ʱҲû͵ʱͻͽԼСҲûš˼ԼСǺԺԳ
ܵƾԼƳӣԼСãҲû˭ˡ
С磬ȡЦҡȻҲ
С͵̧ͷŭĿӣС۾桰ɱء
ʧЦﻹ˵ʲô
СȻǷҲͦ͵ġԼʵδشù
СüȥݼԼĸסּ꺣¡ȡԼذϹԪġ㡣
ӣӭ
ǹ㡣
ǺǣһΪزء
ġ
ڹ㣬ȻǻһЦģֻܷۡ
Ͳ¸û˸㸶Ǯô
ǵǡôˬĹȷʵࡣ
Ц
ȻԸоóλҶԼĸоԲһˡ
һ׽
⣬λ巢ԼյһѵżȫǸطĺ˽ĸԼġ
ʱ䣬ǰ֪ˡ׼ʱ˹˹ϲǷ׷ϼ֦Լľӡ
Ȼ˵ʲô߹ٺ»ƾ轫ȨޣӪͷһУξξ֮ȫ⡣
ƾһ㣬վ˱˸ߵϡ
ӣЩѡһ
һ꺣¡鷿ĺѵø߸ߵģɽһ뺯һȲѡ
˶Ǿ֪ԵжôĽ
Уξξ
ھӪһӶûﵽĸ߶ȣ
ԼүһӪܻĵλֱ񡣶˵¶һӶ޷󼰵顣
˵ֻҪͷ顣
Ȼ˱ˣ»ܴ飬ԼҹӣŴϵ£͢Ĵ󳼣µط죬ʿ˭˵ʲô
ʥʣҲּɡ
ҪȻҲᶥסѹȫˡ
ǺǣȻźջ󣬲ˣЩ뺯һ
忴һְЩ뺯Żϡ
Ϊʲô
˶ɵˡ
ӣУξξһܳΪУξξٿٷܶö꣡
꺣¡ܾȡ
ǺǣǡǾƾڵʵʸξ𣿾ǽʵĵطҽȥˣȻ޷ӡ
ʱ򷴵侲Ȼǰȴ֪ʲôԼҪģʲôԼҪģ
ѵӪϾҪӪˡҲȥξ
µʱ䣬Է̫ˡѵӪ飬ֹȷˣģĽ蹤Ѿˡ
͢ǱߣеĽ̹ѡԼӦԱ豸ȫѾפ
ЩǹøָԼġ
ʱִ٣ֻѡ
µļ屾ΪԼҪƾʷش顣ǿʥΪ㹻ʱ䡣
ǣѵӪҲ˶ξ
¡
Ǻǣ¡ڻסȵԺ֪ˡѵӪǴǰδеʢ٣ܽУԱıȡһְٰҪǿöࡣ
Цŵ㵽ֹ
ǣҲȫԵȵѵӪ֮ȥЩ°
꺣
ĸϱǴƵ佫Щ棬кüͷĸ׻ҪĶࡣ
û˵ֻҡҡͷ
ԼĿǣܽԸδٵΣҲעѭ浸صһĳ£Ϊһְٰ̤̤ʵʵһŬܶϷ
־ڴˣ߹١ֻΪʵԼ;ֶΣĿġ
鷿ӭԼĵһˡ
μӣ
ıδ󺺣ͷһſվǰЩͷЩˣٶʮͣһϣ˪¶һɾζ
ڻʹڣܵ˵Ŀ⾰ǰͷԼͷ­Լֱͦļ
Ƕ˽ܹ̹ϸĹ涨ˣҲ˽ڡǱĹӻ᲻ʲôͼڿǶˡƾӵΪܹҪʲôǶԸһౡ֮һЧȮ֮ͣ
̸Ǯʲô̫֮ˡƾӵͷԸ޳ΪЧͣ
ǰ˸ֻǵһǰ﹫⻹λĽ̹١Ը޳ΪЧ͵ġͻᵽ

˹ԴԼ𾴵һԴ塣
̫ˣ
дϲЩĽ̹ǳģһԸִֵĺܡ
ߵļ۸˼ҲԸ⡣
ôˣСǱ߻һֱû̫Ķ
ֻû뵽Ϊڶʹ¼£Ȼ˵ЩԸִ֣˵Ľ̹١
ļƻ̹ٴӦԼ㲻ˡʱ򣬿ƾЩ̹ٽ̵ѧѡõģһ
ȻʱķѺܳҲʧΪһֺð취
ڵãȻ˰Ľ̹٣⻹ǵһ󳬹Ԥڡ
ңЩִֵʯͷ붯Ľ̹Ը޳Լ
һʼġ
ЩˣԼļƻܸ죬ȫչˡ
˵ûбõϢˡ
˵ԼõϢ
λܵõǵİǳˡƸ£һʼõġԣһл֮ǰԼɡҶᰴ֮ǰԼƸ֧ġ޳¡ˡ

ӣ˶ˣԸ޳ӵġǳڶԹӵľأԼΪӵԲŴӦģΪʲôƸ𡣡
ӼҪƸѵҪ𣿡
һ彡˶һ㣬ϵĽ̹ٿڵɫһࡣ
⡭
Ҳסˡ
֪ЩĽ̹Ըִ֣׼һѸı䡣û뵽Ҳôִ֡


178 ʫ
λôҲϣַܹͨʽյĽٰ̹ҡ֪ǲƸģԺû˹ˡλʵǾԽܣ͸ĳԭһˡ
ЦЦͻȻ
⡭ðɣ
̹ٻ࿴һۣ˵ҲеΪѵĵ˵ͷ
һĻЦ
Ǿˡ
ѵӪѾȷɣԼʦаˡټЩʵǿһٵĽ̹٣ǹ
ͱע⡣
ڻصĽ⡭
֮ǰѾʼͶǮˣȻһô죬ţµʱҲӦиΣģ
̫ˣ벻ӾȻСֲùҪôĽ̹١ӷģǼվȥ̣ϰչ˵ȥ졣
Ľ˶ţĽ̹˷ܲѡȻܴ󣬵ʵȴ
Ǳ̾ƷԣԸġֻû뵽׼൱֡
ֶɲʲôС
̹һУһŵǧߴӦ壬ϾͰĵͼָһҵĻţççȺɽеȥ

ǺǣӣΥˣ
һһڰ̹ȥ֮󲻾áһӣ׷ϵأ׿Ȼͷһ˽
һۣҰ¡
ͷţ֪˶˵ע⣬ע׵С
ǣ
üĿ߽İӡ
ţſڵĻԲһ˽ˣʵĺܡ
ӣǼǰż档ʱӻһǧƽ𣬹Ī𣿡
˹Ц
һǧƽ𣿡
ԽԻġȻļҲᣬһǧƽҲС֡Լͳȥܲá
ôܣ˵ʲô
۾Ժд˷ʻûдﵽֽĵزԼˣԼһܹĿ
ǰˣȫûӡ󰡣
Ǻǣӻǹ˶°ǵ¥Ǹ𣿡
Цݣ˵
¡
һӹԺ͵۾˼Ŀǰͷ۵ӣ
㣡
֪˭ˡֻ֪֮巴Ӳš
ȣ
˾ȻȣǸԼ¥ģͷ棬㣬һӣ
ǸδĴƹˣ
֮Իӡ̣Ϊδһ֣
ң
ıҡδ;⣬֮֡
һУ֮⣬Ȼû֪Լ
Ȼһ˵ʾȻԱ仯ô󣿣
ĳԾС
ǵһμʶһ˵ʾȻԱ仯ֵز
Ǽʱӵģȫһ졣ڵȣﻹܿóһӣȫһʿӡ
ڵһһͷȣ͢ϵһЩǣҪ硣Ǳȴ򣬻Ҫ
ֲδڳȵ𣬽ơƾ⸱ʺ࣬;ԲȳϵЩǲȥ
֪ȵϸġ
ʱ岻òΪ֮۷⸱࣬Լ
Ӧû֪˭ɡȡ̫׵ã
Աһӡ
⸱Ͱ֮ǰľӪʿݻٵĸɸɾϣȻǸо֮ͽ
ԭ̫֣
ԾȴЦ
ȵĵϸһμʱ֪һˡЩȴûǰֱӡ
ǺǣϴγɹͻƽǧһֱûллӡѾ汸˻ƽǧͷϡһҾӡ
ɫ
Ź֡
ﰵЦ֪ǰ˭֪Ϊ磬һǧƽŹ֡
ϱӣȿ⣬½֪
ȻѧֻҪǮйصģɾޱȡҲǱɫ¶뱲ӶڶķȹıûѧᣬΨⷽ棬úܡ
ˣԽȥĶ³Ǿ޿ܡ
˿ˡͳȥͳȥˡҲµһ⡣˾Ͳؿˡ

ǺǣȻˣҾͲӿˡ
˼˼þաҪգϻûʲôһǧƽ
ˣʵҲʹġһţӲ
Ŷ
忴һȣΪ⡣˰죬ԭҪԼ̫
нӹǷţһۣҳϵּ࣬һ壬ʫζ
Ȼּ̫
尵졣
̫˴ʵϰߣȻдĹȴԼ漣ϱӣ̫漣ȿ
û뵽Լյһ
̫ݣЩеݽ壬ȴһ˿ŮԵϢȥЩŮ㣬ҡ
һ֪ΣգϽϸ쿴
̫ݵǺѰ
ǰһ٣˵嵨죬ðдʫȻְһ顣
˵ʫдļüԡʫʡ
һ˵ǣ
ȻƽһȻжӴţ֪ɷñһͣ
ƽжأ
忴ͨ͸Ѿ֪ʲôˡеסƽʡȻǿ
µļܵĿ²ֹԼйеλҪȻҲԼĵһ죬ȣææĵԼʫ
Ͼλʫ˰
Ǻǣʫʲô֮ģһϲͨҲ͡ﵹ˵ʫĺܺáпգϣӶൽ湬ȥ
ӣڨڨ
ϲǡǮƫƫ̫ʫһ棬Ȼ̸ʲô裬˵ʲô
Ҫ̸ʫԣǾΣԱ̴Ρ
ǺǣǫˡȻ뿴Ҽ˾ǡ
嵹ûĶ̴ֳɵıīֽ⡣ҲûƬ̣ʼдǼеƽʶ
ʫһֱٳûн̫ǹŪ飬ŪŻʫǺܷɡ
һʱգƽᵽġԷࡱʹͷ­ءҲΪԭԳٳûд
µʱ䣬Ҳ㹻˼Բˡ
ţܿд˿ڵƽʶ
һֻ¶㡣
ɽϳ
ʴ˭ƣ
ױ

ľʮ֣Ҵʱ䣬ҴϡȲĿѡȻѧȴһ֪
ӣҪһһʫСѵʱȴ̡ʱǶ̵ˣʱ춼ĥһĴڡ
ҴͣáͣĿѡ
֪ġʫšжˡ
ǰˣȫԳȥĦ

ȰզࡣȻѧЩˡ


179 ݣ
ȴûȣűµġƽʶĵ˵ͷ
һʱգӦȻʫϾƣ˼ǲȫдˡʺ˭ƣױľӡ
һʱգէһʫΪ̫Էࡣһ֪ܣô¡
ʫУָɰ˼ױָ˽㼵̬ǰ̫ɵʱġԷࡱ
Է˭
Է࣬˵ľǺɵ۵Ļʺ̬ӯ衣
˵ɵһֻƣԷһֻ衣
Է֪
̫װ̫Է౾֪Է裬һʽĻдΪ쾴ҵϭ롶Ĺֹǧš
ԷȻС֮ݣ߻֮ò˲ӯ̬ܡ衱ȴһЫĳƼ
ɵ۱Ļӻﲻ֪١
̫װ̫ĳ񶾣δᶾӻԷ࣬ⲻԼ
ʫ飬Żˣ޳ңʱľǸˡ
ڵ磬ȻǸʱȻһ̫ûˣŸҲûˡǺɵеģԷҲеġ
еλ̫ʫϸоĶࡣԼдһסƽʶɶ񶾵Է࣬ǻð
˵֮ǰдʲôƽһˡϾǸ𣬶ҲݡҸŹ֡
΢һ¾ûˡ
ӡǡʩͬĴ֮һ֮ݣ߻֮òǳ˵Ѿﵽ˼£ںϴʱΪϢ˺ˮףͻԶջ޻ʶ
ӵò֪
Ҫǣ̷ҲǾڡӡûʲô߰㣬ɻ䣬룬޵飬Ҳȥˡ
̫׻ǵ̫СֻҰ̫Էࡣֱӡʲô⣬Ҳûˡ
Ǻǣ׽빬÷λҲûʲôɹصġдһʫΪذɡ
ͻȻףͷ͵Ȼƽʶдˣƽһд˰ɡ
ããã̫òˡһǳϲġ
һơ
ɲǷУֻڹв֪ʫʵжϲϴд֣ŤŤǸӣﶼղأһ㶼ó
Ҫһóʫǻ˻ˡ
ңڵʫʿɲ򵥣Լ֪Ѿʫ⡣ϴһʫڹʵ˹еһ˵ͷ
ܶ༸ʫǸԼĵλĵλȹ̣ȻҲǰ̩ɽ
еϵȻ֪ġ
ǹ˰
ȿʣĿɫ
һ࣬վ棬ʣûôͿʼдˡƽ
鳬࣬ɱͷ֮ġƽʶ׾ƽͶˡûôִ
ֻƽ˳
ڶʫûҲŪ
̫ڷ˳дסƽҲӦˡ
ţܿѹֽȻʼʡ
໶
߸ŤŤм䣬ȴһ£ζ͸ֽûе飬˶٣дȥ
þЦ
ʹ޺ޡ
ͤˡ
Уʮ˸д꣬ظ
˵гͤ羰˻ȥתпգһۡ
˵仰ֽᵯȻ͸ȡ
лл
æӹСۺã֮С
Ӵţ⣬д£ܵΣаٹٻӡԺϣܹ
ǣǡԺҪʱ
廹һ
ڵȣѾ̤ע֮·ļҪһ꣬ͻΪˣһԾΪλҡ
ġ̫ҲԽԽߣԽԽߡջΪλĹˡ
ʷĳѾڹת޷ȥֹֻȥӦȥӽȻԶҪתͣ£Ǿ;óʻķԼɣ
꺣ȥȡǧӹϽ͸ˡ
תЩͷͻȻһֵ
ǣȥ죡
Ų¡¡ȥ꺣ܿʧ棬ȡȥˡ
⣬⣬ô˼أ
һ漴Ц˻
ʲô˼ġǧƽѣһ⡣˲طϡ
˰ֵ
Ǻǣʲô˲˵ģ־ͿˡӣһͶԵΪֵΣ
ȿ壬ĿתͻȻڵ
ݣֵܣ
һӴסˡһӦǣǲڸԼЦȺԼһѾӽʮˣһʮ꣬ҲܽӰݣ
˵֮ģû˵֮ݵģ
̧ͷϸŶȣŷ֣λȫģһ˿һٶûС
һסˡȵӦҲˡ
֣
λɱԼˡԼֻŻӣġλãֱԼݣôҲȫû⡣
һ̣λδĹүóϷȣֶΣƤԼ̫Сơ
ҲֲλδڳϺ绽꣬ڴƵʷУռݼзһλá
ôӲԸ𣿡
ȵӶдҲһʱһʡȻҲǿ
Ǻǣô᣿
ҲӦЦ
ѵֳˣԸ⻹ȻˣղײգѡڽսΣ
ԭ뵽һȥˡúúãڽսݣ
˳
ǾŹ֮ϵţֵأΪӵõ͢󳼣бϲķ̳¹δǰ;Ȼ
۵λλڿԶԶԼ
ݵ飬Ҳ̽һʡû뵽ȻӦˡ˵Ǹջ
ֳɵǮֽ򣬽ᣬȸϽ壬λǰݣָʳָѪѪƣĴʣֵܡ
磡
Сܣ

˴ӵվ࿴ţǹЦ
壬Ժȵֵˡ˭Ҷ㲻ǶȲãԺҲ㣬ԺҪൽ档ֵܻҪ׽
ȴļ
粻ؿԺʲôҪ˵ǡ
ҲЦ
ٺ٣һ׵ʱһ治ֳҲǿġҲһ㡣Ҫǵõ뿪֮ٴ򿪡
ͻȻݹһӣգ۾˸ص
漴Ĵ
ٺ٣ɱˣҪ뿪ܴ֮򿪡
ЦŰס˺ӡ
ʱ䲻ﻹڹеءոճкܶҪҾͲˣһ
㡣
Ҳһ·԰͵ſڡһģһݴ񡣵ȻǷݴͲǧƽˣǱ
͸Լֳ


180 һöӣ
ȵ뿪廹ĸо
벻
ҡͷ˵ĸоϱǸ۸ڶҡͷԼ˵һ˲ţضǰ;ʵпģ޳Ĺү
Լλʱ򣬽ݳˡֵܡ
ϱӴûзĵ飬˵ĸоôһǿȷġ
ȵĴڣԼδı۹ˣжԸλصľشá
ݶԼ޺
֪͵ʲô
һͻȻ˵Ǽ֮ǰصģ˵ǱԼ֮ҿ
Ѿ뿪ԼӦҲԴ򿪿һˡ
ž
Ϻɫľľд򿪣ûн鱦Ҳûʲôҩûʲô׵Ķֻмűֽ۵档
ʲô
üдΪ졣
ľȡϲһֽһС֡Խɻˡ
ԹŰݰӣֵܣͻƽ֮бе֮ʲô͵Ҳ֮Ψûŵġ
ֽչǸӡʱһ֪͵ʲôˡ

м֪ôˡϺɫľеȫд̫š
ŵҲܼ򵥣ȫĶ̫Լ֣һԸšܹ֮࣬ݴͬС죬ǹĶ̫Լ֡
Ȼ̫Ǳߣ˴Ĺơ
ֻ̫ȻѡҪȻԼҲյ֮ʯ֪ͨˡ
ȣ⼴̫һ飬Ҳһ鰡
зӦѾȵ˼ЩţԼ͸ȻҲһʹ͡
٣ֻǷһ顣
ֽϸĵķŻľУʰ֮Ż鷿ĳ֮С鴦׵ûоκˣһĹȥ
ĵģһƬꡣ
޴Ĺ£忴һݳӰźɫ£ϥĬĬĵȴš
ǰ
߹ȥһ
ˡ
ݵĮޱ飬廹Ǵиоһɹġ
ǣ
˵ͷ
ĥһβʲô˵顣ˣЩĥպкô

ǣܽˡ
ȻƽǰûΣʱڳǫ̡̬ܽ
֪ľҲ֪ԼǰʸԼ˵ⷭ
ĥȣȷʵ㲻ʲô
šͺˡɣһ֣
һָֻŶλãʾ¡
ǣǰ
˿һһ٣ִڰף̣ٴɱ
ɫ٣ǰûʲô𡣵壬֮ǰ˵ĻЩ㱻˺üĿӡ
»г֮֮ʲôԶأ
ͷɫ
ܸоڽԼʱ̵Լʲôǰûйġ
ֹĸоȴų⡣
ǣס
һϱӵľܿƽ
Ȼÿߵĵ·ͬڹ»ϣ˵Ŀһġʱ򽻳еȨȻ˿Ȩ졣
塭
һֱǳȨֻԼʵʹ;յĿġ
ţȻһЦܿƽϽƾٴɱôܿ䡣
һĨ͵ɫڿӣٴ׽ɱ
һһ֣һһûӮ
֮ҹҲоʱš˺ܾûɱҲʱ䡣֪ҹĻ٣һ죬µıһ춼Ҫ
ҵˣ
ʱһɧͻȻӺ󷽴ɫ䣬ûзӦоһϤ
ӣһҰʱүӷϴû뵽ҲӰҲûУԭ
ҹɫУһӰ۴˹
¬͢
ҹɫУž˵òʱȻߵĻţ¬͢¬ѧ
Ҳûд岻֪¬͢ΪʲôҲ֪Ϊʲô֪Լ
ʱ￴¬͢һỶϲѣѾԻԡڣԲʱ
ֲҲӰԭ塭塭
¬͢ǰһ̻Цݡһ̣Ӱ¬͢۾͵Ŀƺܵ޴𾪡
㡭㡭¬͢μչ
飬¬͢˫ϥһͻȻǰ̬ϹϾ΢΢Ĳɼе𾪡
¬͢еġչͬɫ䡣
꺣¡ˣľԿɿ֮⣬ӲҲ֪ǲ֪ݡ
ʱ壬ҲӲݡѾһĬ
¬͢ãһͽ¶ݣԼĿľӪƻһɶ
壬ԵѾ
̺վһӴͬɽͳˮһ㣬ϱһοԼʵ
ɲǼ䣬·𿴵һΡȻɽԼǰεض𣬲Լαٶȣƣû̫
ӴϢǰκ˶鲻ԽĲһСĸг
عʮ꣬Դ̫ڻʵ֮ûôǰ¶ںܶ˶Ϊˡ
֮ڹͨ˵ط̣ǲ֪Լݣ˵ע⡣
ȴ¬͢һʶƣһޣֻͻᴫ鳯Ұ
ǰ
忴ǰĿһͨˣ˲תΪƾ˵ĸоͺʧȥĳҪĶһ
֪ӽԺ˿²ˡҲһǰκԵţ⣬ȵˡ
˵ġԵݾˡ
Сӣʵ˵ˡǲһֱȥֻǣĵһ졣û˵
֣һϢûϵ¬͢
⣬͢¿ѵӪҲӦòμ˰ɣ
ǣ
ͷûзϡѵӪӪֻʱ䣬ʱ̣ܶŻڳ֮󣬵һʱ伱ææ
ܺáúŬɣݣҲ츳Ҫ˷
һţϣһöƾն𣬷۵糸ûУ
ԵԵɢԵԵö͸úñ棬ϣһΣһűģԣ
ৣ
ûУԭƽգͻȻԣŲһΣٶȾȻǴδйĿ졣
ģһټĻᣡ򣬺ڣ
仰ϸţȴһ˶ġһ䣬׵ҹɫʧ


181 ˮڣ
¬͢㻵Һ£
һߣҹɫУ̲ס̾Ϣòסܣüµʱ䶼û˵
꺣¡ǣȻҲ֪Լ˵ʲôݡ
¬͢һһлһ
£ʲô£壬ȸңôʶչҾȻ塣
¬͢ӵһץס壬廹Ҫ
ƾչ¬͢Ĵ˵ģ¬͢ļĻ
ܶ˶˵չѾȥˡȻ¬͢û뵽Ȼ￴
ƵľչȻţһ˽˶ǿ¬͢û뵽ġ
ֱǸ񼣣
ȻУۿûһۣ¬͢ȴ⣬Ȼ
ǸչǸ䣬ĴƾչԼ꺮ůͰ˵¬͢ҪǲǸչˡ
չǡǡԼ֪Ǹˡ
¬͢ĲԼ
̾Ϣ¬͢һӵԼļƻƻû˵ȥ
ԣʵüǰѾˣ
侲¬֪͢µκ
šĻ˵кü¡
¬͢ĳʵʼϲ
ԲҲ֪չ
¬͢һǸȻ
ƾչлͼʮ꣬ӲӼʲôˣ֪顣
뵱꣬չŵĴŻûϵʱЩӡݼԵո˵ˡ
ܵչÿ壬˵ȥ¾һƬˡɵӶ֪һĻԵ
Լ⵽ȻƻݻԵ˵æ
¬͢ҲĵΡ
ˣ˵ˡңô֪ģ
ʵ
¬͢ҲͰǰǰ˵һ顣ԭǵһ죬˺ܾã϶˼ˣԾ׼ͼ˻žۣȻȥݷá
ոչٸԭְҪ취ڱ̲Լĺ󻼣ʱҲûйȥ
о࣬ȥҰݷ塣û뵽Ȼ˵岻ڣ˶֪ȥˡ
Ҳû⣬ΪӦҲͻˡȻû뵽ҹɫǳȻûлءŽ¬͢ȥҡ
Ҳֲ֪¬͢ҲǶһѣû뵽ȴ¬͢
˵Ҳֲ˵ģ⡣ԵѾ˼µ壬עҪڽս
¬͢ô֪ڹ
ͻȻüͷ
Ǻǣף˾Ļ죬ǧһңﻹҲġ
¬͢Ц˵棬ʶʲô˲ɫ
ڷӦˡչ֮ô͵ǲ֪ô죬ֻչŵϢͻϣǰո˲֪١
嵭
¬͢һΧйЩӰӰ´µӰʱɫչͱճĶ࣬չǳ𾴵ġ
ֹףԼһֻҪ֪չ¼չжӵзһķ̫ʱѫһĴڡ
Ƿĵ𾴡άԸ߶ƽ
һȣ
ҹɫУ¬͢ɫأͻȻתȥҹɫЩȥѾ֪ʲôˣûֹ
һע޷ֹĽôҲı䲻ˡ
Ȼһ¬͢ɫҰܵĹһĬ˭Ҳûἰ¡
壬ӭ
Ҽģƺһˡ壬ſ˫ۣĸһӵ
ͺǷĵġܵ飬Ҳࡣ
£ϲٸԭְصǳã
Ц֡
λּѾ޿ˡͷΣϾ͵췴ˡ
Թٻԭְõʹͣͨ˵ķˡ
㣬ﻹлصǳã˵̲ͱˡ
壬ɫԼͺҪ弰ʱ̫¼Σ󳼣Ҫܵ⡢š
Ȼֻʮ꣬ȴԼܹٻԭλӹһٵĹĽ
壬˱ôæ˵ҪʲôʲôҶӦġ
ȵȻǳġ
ûʲôҪģл¡
ҡͷЮͣķ
㲻ҪȴƫҪ㡣ˣҰƥڡǣ
ͻȻе
ڣ
ﻹûзӦԺǵķһϣɣŵ֮һȻͬ
ԣ
־ϲͻȻҪԼʲôˡӦһƥԡԳ˾ս
սϣһͷϺսòһȸֽѷɫ
ϣ
Ҳһʱ䣬Ժ棬̳ڹ̳Уһƥɫ죬Ƥë⻬ƥСԣë۶
֮УԵΪۣȻǰɫġͺƮڿһ˵鶯
弸̾ϲƥС
СԺͣһͷϴͷףȫںڣֻֻ۾Աǣ
ƥǹڵӵдѩɽĴѩԺԭڵѪͳЩһֱϸϡ٣˺ܴһƥ
Щƥͬԡ˭ιʳﵽһ£ͻ˭ˣĹԶı䡣ԹеڸιʳʱһҪȫף˿Ϸ죬һ㡣
һԽ͵
ڳ֮ƥ׳硣һƥͨİڣˣ
˶һ֡
ܿ죬Ļ̧һ޴ˮһ߶
ЩȻ׼õġ
һԵ򣬽ƥ޴ˮ֮Уһ̣𾪵Ŀ⣬ƥԾȻˮͬëһˮϡ
һȦȦˮĽԶɢƥԳеԽ񿥡
ôܣ
˶ˡ
ͬģ˷ˡƥԵԲ̤ͣˮϣȻһ㣬ˮס
ֱ˼顣
ǹİڣˮ̤ˮ̤ӹӡеЩֶǽ˴ĻѪ͸ԺָᷢĶôϲ𣿡
ᶶЩ
ϲϲ
æĵͷʲôЦּƷܾŹˣôõҲ̫ࡣ
ϱӵȵ±Ԫ˧Щ˵ˣ֮ǰսģĸɸɾ
ԾܹΪ±Ԫ˧ЩҲԵ޷ݡ
Ⱳӣ⻹ǵڻһεõһͷƷԣֱ˻ˡ


182 Ⱥϵ

ϲԽ
Ȼ͸ԼҲ߹ȥȫӵӹڡ
ȻûҲ֪սϺõǴСġӳʼͿʼĺǻȻһ
ŻͨսϣܾɱУΧ
ǣˮ裬һѣоڵƤëˮˮĸоճסһоһ涼ֱӻȥ
ӰѶӣԺͻˡ
ԱߵĴͷ׵ϵĴͳһѻƶӹιڣȻƥ˶ӣֿ壬׽˺ܶ࣬ͷǰǡ
ϱʮԡѪսսǵڶս弸Ǳܵ׽С
ƥ͹ˮԣ·һһЩϱӵĽĸо̲סҪХһĳ嶯
ãǰסˡ
ǺǣһƥϺõɲסԺ㻹ҪͣĸĦɳ۽ǡ⡣⣬㻹ҪԪͨ䵼һƪӹҪĹרŸЩ׼ġǵٶȺȥɣ
ָһһŰƴСİֽƮ˳ȥ
л£
һЦֽŽȻССһֽ֪ѵӵĽ󲻱ƥڲ
ˣ¡Ҳм͸¡
ʲôͻȻ
Ŷʲô
üͷ˶Ȥ
Ҳ˵ǣԣֱ߽鷿Ȼ͸ԼǸľȡ˳
ǡţԭ̫ң
źеţ˼
֮ǰʧ衱иڼΪ̫ܹٸԭλΪ̫˵ĸо
ţȰ͸ңֻҲ˼
ͷ֣ص
Ų͸ģĿġ
Ǻǣô̫ѡǣҦҡ˵޺𣿡
ЦЦܿ콫еֽۺãҲͬע⡣

ҹɫϵұȰ컹ҪֵĶࡣСҪɽԼүӡ̫̫ķ⣬ң˻϶ˡ
Ρң꣬ˡͷϷȻܴ
¬͢ϹܼңȫһһȺĸƴһ𣬰ʮˣһ˸ֺ価ˡ
Եĵһ١
£ǵҽ֮ǰӦңҪӦһ𣿡
ȵߵʱͻȻڵ
ǺǣȻǵá˵ɣʲô£ҶӦ
ǺЦţһˬ
Ρңֱһܳ㡢ĻţͬʱҲصδġʦ̫¼ͽڶʹ¼Ѿȷɡ
ϣܰҴϡܵĻҸҲһȥ
ͻȻͷ
ҹɫУͻȻһӾСࡣˣһˡ
Ϊʲô
Ŀ壬һƬ㵡û뵽ԼҪȻ
˼𣿡
ĵһӦҪϡ
ǣ
ҡҡͷҹɫ¶һ˵ȻҲΪʲôϣܶҴ籣ܵԭ򡣡
ڣ۹ĿⶼڱɽԱǿĶͻʺثƵİԼ֥İ
Ŀǰ۹սƵһսߡ
ȴ֪δ۹ңңʧһδսϣڱ
һսҡ۹ĸӰ콫δʮ꾭òɢ
岻֪ԼֹܲⳡսֻܾŬȥԤȥǰ׼
ϱûܹⳡսûܹһԼౡ֮ź
ⱲӣΣ嶼ˡ
壬ҿˡ
岻Ը˵ֻҡҡͷ˵仰ֹŹֵҪ⣬Ҳ
岻ͬ
⼸Ҫദĸд˼άһ˽Ȼ̫ͬԼ˵飬ٸԭְڱ˵붼¡
ȴˡ
һЩҳȥȡ
İɡһġԱ壬Ҳɡһɳսϣ֪𣿡
Ц
ܵܵĵ磬嵨ӻǲС
ϣҪս

Ŷ
һ壬˼ܿЦļԶ¬͢ȥ
˲Ƭ̾ʻңʧҹɫ֮С
һߣʣµľȫһˡɨһۣԶıһ£߶һݣһӡ
һùáøУ˹ȥ
֣
Ա
𣿡
Ĳɵһûһӡ֪˻ΪԼֵ֪Ը˭ˡ
֣ǹùáøҹġ
Ц
ߣ֪ˡ
ֲɵϴ̸֪ˡ
˵ľʧˣ˺üӣ

ͱ˵ֱֱȥĺáҲйӽˣ֪ôɵ
ߣлˡ˵Ұְ㣬⣬׬˲ǮǮˡ
˵ţȴӹһĨȻ
СҰģҪһ̾޼ֻ֡ϧ־ȲŸߣ˺öС⣬ʧˡ
ǮͲҵˡֻǹ㣬ûȤ
Цŵ
ҵ𣿡
ܲϲĸŵ
ǵǡֻǣЩں⣬ҪҰȡ
˵ţԺȴЩ¶ںϵ
󽣣ȸֽʿﵶʿձʿȻʱձ仯кܶණѾһЩһġ
ȸֽѾõʶľ뵽ʿʿ֮ԳЩʦжôҲΪЩ̺˶ô߳ļΪĲϡ
ȸֽһʿͬΪϡֻȸֲͬȸֳΪӵĺͿʯ
ʿΪͬӵַֻּͣ⡣
ʿϧޱȵɵġ
ӷɱȺӡĵϣɢŴû֪ʲôʱġ
֮ܳһʱ䣬Щͨʯʽֱǧ󣬲űżȻ֣Ƴ
ûзɱģҲûгϱӻⱲӡ
ǼȻںͿʯĻΪʲôܴڵЩֻҪôһܣǾһ޴ĲƸ
ֻҪһ룬ǧľ޴ɢЩ˵ĵϣʽ򣬶Լ֮⣬֪̲ס


183 δİף
֮
Ҫ߼۾򣬸ҪǩͬҪģҵǣ˹
ȸֽԳΪõЩÿÿһںһ̵ס
ƾЩϵԿԴǧļס
Щ̵ƵľӣԼԼȸֽ֮һֻң˿ɵӴ
˵һʼõļƻҲһֱҪǰķ
Ψһǣ֮ϣǧ񱩵ľˣжӵҪ˷ľ޴ء
֮⣬廹Ҫһˣߣӵðվˡ
Լǲȥġûʱ䡣ͳ˶˵õѡ
ԣҰЩʯͷӺ
ԵĽܣЩɵ
ǰ⣬պܴ󡣾ˣޣ󣬷򡭡ЩΣապܴ㲻ԸȥĻҲǿԸĻдӡ򵼡Ӷ֣·ҪʳЩͳͳ㰲źáҪʽȫҵͷϡ

֪ҪǮ𣿡

֪
ЦЦһأʱܻһˣǺܲˡ򴬶ҪķãԼӰ˵Ľʮ򶼲ô
ֻǴҺңĻǺܶҴ壬е
Ҳں

𣿡
һ
Ȼ
˵ͷ̹ǵݣ飬ôƭ㡣
ҿһ¡
ɫЩˡû顣һھʦûгȦӡ
һ֮ܵͻĵȥûġ
Ļ̫ͻȻˡ
Ȼ
ЦЦûǿͬͬ⣬Ҷϣ֮ǰ͹ùáøһ¡
˵գվȥ
壡
ոһͻȻתͷĿšȴֱҹɫԼ΢΢ҧ촽ڤڤƺʲô
ˣҴӦ㣡ҴӦȥЩ
˵һʱЩǵһȻͻȻᶨޱȡͺһֻԼļǡ
˼վġ׳ðաױȵľ飬ԼҰģЩеĶ
µ΢΢Ц

תƣת۾һȥȻѾһ죬Ӱ죬Զûйȥ
μӣ
ڶһ磬һٶŮվҵԺ̨ϵ幪̬ϹϾ
ô࣡
վ̨ϣЩԼСŮҲһ
Ǻǣ㲻˵ҪЩЩһﶼԼҪġ
ԺҶϡź룬һߵЦ
ӣǶԼҪģ
ӣǶԸġ
ڹЧǵң

һŮޱȵĳ羴͵͵Ƴ˾ֱ嵱żһ
ٺ٣ɲֹ߼ҵáҵӵܡǲ֪ЩС꣬ǰ㵱ӢһǶһüͷ
ҶһѹһܲٺЦ
Ѿ˵ˡ
ЩŮܿó£û뵽ԼЩүүʾɵӰȻô
Щ˶Լ¶ĹͳݣԼʲôǶԥ
תһ룬ЩԼ
֪үүڳ֮͢еӰ죬ĸӸԼһεĹ⻷⻷Ѹٵķá
»ֻǵһδи˾ۼԼ¡⣬Ҵʵ
ԼҽŵڵӰ졣
δЩ˽ԼĵһĵĲ¡
뵽͵Ĵ̨ǰһһССĶԺ˵ע⡣
ҶϺͺˣҲĿ˹
Ƕ֪ΪʲôᱻؽΡ
Žİף忪˶ԼδĵһµĵһΡݽĶǺ΢ġ
֪Щǰ˵Լ˵˵ǸգǻҪۿԼ
ҪԼԡԽԼǡ
ְ£Ƕÿ˶һµġδֻӣƤӡδϣܹսɳѪ֮ƣ硣
۹кܴΣεĺֻ֮Ǳɽһǡڱɽ֮£Σա
ͲڣûСƥʱѡµµΪաҲѡźԼһ硣
ټǵĿġ
ܲٻ󣡵ÿ˶ǹʿû˼ǵǣƬأƣԶǵ㣡
һŮҶϡǶסˣסˡ
֪Ҫѵû뵽˵ݡڶݵ֮֮Ȼ𾴡
һŮĿ⣬ҲԽĳ羴ˡУӢۡ
κˣܹʹð佫Ϊ滤󳼺ͺ˽죬ΪŭڣӢۣ
ݽ֮ǰľֻ֣˶Խ𾴺ŷ
幫ӡǷˣ
ŹһҲֻˣ
˵ĺ꣬ܿŹ֮šǹ֮ңҲЩϹͷ˰

ĻǶڶСȻĻΪʲô͸һɱ׳ζǡְ£ǶĶ죬ǡƥ𡱵ĺ׳ЩӱĻ˵Ŀȥˡ
˶ԽϲҲԽҪǻ
һٶŮܿ챻尲ţһҵĻ죬ƺƵĳţɽȥˡ
ǵıӰипѡ
ȻҶϡǾԼĻڱۣ׳ЩŮȫûҲû⣬ȴ֪Լ˵ȫǷθ֮ԣҲδ˽ҪԵĲʵ
ƽҪٵΣգԶҪĶࡣԺӵˣһϵˣҪڵ۹ıԶĳ˯ѡ
ԣ֮Ȼѡ·ûк˵ء
Լǣ
תЩͷܿ콫
ɡ
˻֣
Ƭ̣һݵӰҡҡڰڣǵ˽
嶨翴ʱȴ˲ǱˣԼоµĽ꣡


184 Ľܣ
ĽݼӣлӾ֮
Ժ壬Ľ΢΢һ
㣡
һϲɫ¡ֻ˵ԼһλˣѾ˺ܾˣȴû˵Ľꡣ
롣
Ľ꼴ûг棬ҲҪԼȥġΪЮ󱨣Ϊһ顣
Ľʡȥ๦
ĽӭѾ˫˫
֣չӳ౾Ӧùȥӭӵġֻ๫ͻԵһ죬ȵŰл
Ľ
ԭ͹ͨһһͳȥӭˡ
۾һ
źδ
⡭֮С
Ľû뵽ʱԥԥЩ˵ڵ
ʲô
һĽⷭ˵Щһֱˣλ߹ûи𣿡
ûСһЩɢӡ
Ľ
סˣλ߹ֹλȨأʥšͬʱǸ̾޼֡屾ΪĽλҲЩӵġ
˶¡λݵλһע⵽С¡˵ΪҺǾʶѾźˡ⵹ˡ
漴Ӧ˹
λݡλں١ǧĿܣ»ˣˡ
Ժʲô𣿡

ĽĬȻʵЩ⣬ѻشġһεֺжǰ;
γŷؼ硣ֻǣ˵·;ңԶ̲⡣ǻȥˣƾڵЩ׻ǰ
ңֿʲôȥıأ
ûһһɡ
Ľ̾ڼûǳ֮ĸеˡδȥδӣ֪ء
޴ȥңΣ
ͻȻ
ڿЦ𣿡
ĽһԳЦһ࣬Թʲôֵ
ЦЦ֪̫ͻȻĽ겢ԼġҲ棬ϵһڡ
˵ǰũְΪ̰˶ƽ𣡡
ĵ
ˣ
仰Ľɫ䣬ԺȻܡ
ڼ棬Ǳʱ򣬰ǰĽ궼ûû뵽ᱻһơ
㡭㡭ô֪
Ľʱ绻һ۾ľ֣ͷ亹꣬ȵĲ
𼱣ûѹ˼
̸Цɫ糣
һССũλߣȴ̰˶ƽ֣巢֮ǰҺ˵һʼ֣˵ˡ
Ľ̰ôǮڲ˽˵ǸĿ޷֮ͣͽ˵һе壬ȴȻͬ
ûв´ĻǶƽ𡭡Ӧö㲹Щũ˰ɣ
Ļͨͨ˵Ҳǲ߲͡䵽ĽĶȴ׻
ô֪
仰ѿڶĽ𾪵۾ǰ꣬һ㣬˶ˡ
˵֮ǰһԭΪƽ𣬿ܣĻ
ôڣĽе˼ˡ
Щɢֲũ飬̲鲻û֪Ƕȥ
ǰ꣬Ȼһƣ
ǴϣĽϾҪŵû겻ˡ
Ȼˣ
ûһ𾪵Ľ꣬ĳ̾һĽһǻôǮġ
ӿڵʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ôˡûп̰ƽȴ˿켣̲ĸֶ̽
ǣ˸ṵ̂
κθĸﶼд۵ģ
ĸĹעҪܶĶмʧܺܶΣҵȷ·;
磬Լ¾ĽԼ֪⼸ʮ͵͵ٽ蹫壬˽½еʵ飬ӵʲô壡
ļƻУĽҪһԶԶ˺ͿʯߺȺϵȺ
ǡ컯͡ҲԶԶ޷֮ȣ
ʳΪ죡
磬˶׷λƸȻ֮⣬û֪һԶԶԽκεĲƸλȨơ
ۣܲȴĸ
ǡʳ
һǿʢĵ۹ӽʳֵĻԻ͵۷壬䵽ʳʳݸƤҪõʱ䣿
ʮ꣬ʮꣿʮꣿһꣿ
ǣ
ʵĴ𰸣ֻġꡱ
Լ˫ۿʵ徭Ƶ貣Ҳ˥ơ䣬ʳҡ
˵ֱ޷ݵġ
ڼܣ˹¶Ʈһʱ䣬徭ﵽ죬죬õʱ䡣
ǹ¶ƮۼʶصĳĸףԼĻݹᾡ
һ̣Զ
ʳΪ죬κεʱգⶼԶ⡣
̣˿ѻɽ˿صĲƸʵ˿ʹʹ󳼣ȴΪûʳӣ
һʱյļ755껹챦̫ƽʢʵⷿм飬ʳǻɽһͷ
759꣬Ÿдˡ𡱣
ĪǾζ˸һս٣֣ʳ⡣󺺳ʵսպգƽū½ֺȴΪս˴˿ڣ˺֣´˥
ʷϸС䡱
սеʱ򣬱ƴĲֹǱװݣСʳ
岢Ϊۡ䡱дû㹻֣֡ʳĴˡ
ֻӵ㹻ġʳ˿ھܷϢսģҲиսʿ
۲ûпһ㣬Գˡ䡱Ĵۡ
ٵУͻʺ˹ص۹߾۹´ʳگеǿж
û˱ףδƽٶƵս
ⳡƵҿճ־õսУ˭ӵСʳ˭ӵϣ˭ӵСʳ˭ӵСδ
۹ûκһ˵ķǰġĽꡱҲûκһˣĽ꣬۹
ڸʿǰ˵ĽԴԵ۹Ǻ˵Ҳſڿӡ
ˣŵ۹ġδ
Լһ֪
ЩͷԺһζܿƽ
˵˵Ҹ湩㹻ʽ𡢵λʵ鳡֧֣ô
忴ԵĽ꣬ͻȻڵ
һ仰˵ĽĿɿڴ


185 Ĳ֣
ӣ𣿡
Ľڲˡ
֮Ի֮Ի̰˶ƽ𣬾Ϊûܹ֧㹻ĲȨƵ֧֣λ䵽˵ز
Ľ˵һɲǵ飬Ķޱȡ˲ȫսʤܱʶƵĲ
ȻΪ˰㣬ֺαؾ㡣
嵭
Ľ¼ϱӣⱲӣĶࡣֻ֪һЩȣɢ
ЩĹһЩȻûܹı޵ˣҲûиıƵˡ
٣֪ôһЩˣôһĽģĬĬԼԼ
ǰͬ׿ԡ
Ƕ磬ǵǾ޴ġ̵ĵܵٵƣܹѴά״̬ʳĲӣ˿ҲϵӣľĽһˡ
ĬĬŵĸڵޡ
ĵʳǳ̵ģǳĵģֳܡȵƵ۹ʱѾԶԶǰκʱ
ֻǣ˵ʳȻԶԶġԶԶ֧һ͵ģ˿ڸӴޡ
ĿģҪ޵ĲڵĻϣﵽһʵķԾҪһ㣬ƾ书Ǵﲻ
Ҳûκζһ㡣
ֻƾԼһ֪ʶ;顣
̫ˣӣֻҪܸ㹻֧֡һһܹڲߵĹ
Ľȴûô࣬Ҳ֪ʲôĴ㡣Ը֧Լмޱȡ

һ߸Ľ굹һ裬һô˵
ũôã֪ûע⵽ЩĲǳߡĹҪߵĶࣿ
Ȼ
Ľһ⡣һҹӣȻ֪顣Ը֧Ȼ˽⣺
ǵũĹȥѰЩֲ߲ꡣȻȡǵӣ취ֲûãЩҵʱ򣬿ܸܲߡǵȵȥʱֱ˺ֲͨꡣЩȶᡣ
ʮʵҵһ߲Ĺұȥľǲˡ
ũ񣬾һƬһƬȥ̽ãȥѰҡããһƬĵȣ󾫣ѰЩرͻԵġ
ڹŴĲȷԣһֵȿܵһ߲ڶղͲ˵ĴŻ³ָ߲
һѾˣΪͲʱ˵Ѿˡ
Ĵ³ָ߲Ѿˡ
ũӵɸѡļ֪
Ľһ﹣гܼͥӰ죬ټʳΪ죬Ľһӵľ˵ɸѡϡ
ҲΪ˴Σ
ЩʧĻƽ𣬾Ǳ㲹ũˣ𣿡

ǣ
棬ĽҲûıҪˡӵɸѡкܴķյġЩֲԼˮȴͲյũ貹ʵܹȥ
ĽĶƽ𲢲һ컨ģǶʮ֪꣬һһλȥġ
еĻƽ𶼲ũ֮С
Щֲ߲ûΪʲôЩеܹеȴܣ
ţһСĽԼĹ۵㡣

Ľûɸѡ˲ûвֲͬĲȶԣһһϰˡ
ûΪʲôԼʲô⡣
һû
Ľҡҡͷ⻹ǵһ˶
ûЩ˵һŮԲϵҲԱϵܹͣΪʲôһ߲Ĺȥڶȴܿա
׳ԼĹ۵㡣
Ľ꿴ǰ꣬·һ㡣۵һӶûֲҲŮʲôЦ
ǲò˵˵˼·ңδûе
ˮɸѡ棬ȷʵһȫµ˼·
Ҵû
Ľ˼ûпۡ

һֱĽ۾ûпأгһһȫµۣһֳǰۣ⣬޷˽ܡ
ȻĽ겢ˡ
ԼҶˡ
룬ܹҳֹԲϵͱϵֱֳǲǶԺֲֻа
ңϾ˲ͬŮġŮδغһȻԲϵô˵лָϵܹʹЩ±ɱϵ
׳Լġˮϵ
һ磬ˮϵǡӽˮľܽᣬȻֻһۣȴǻʱġ
еʱֻ˷򣬲öŵ£һ죬ܹҵˮ
ϴ򾮣һӶˮȡ
ûСӽˮԸʲôӡũԼɸѡ⣬Ǻ֪
ˮϵ֪ȫ
ֻԼ취һһ߲ġӽˮĽ꣬뵽ģܹʵһõѡ
ֻҪĽܹҳֲͬˮôƵʳʵķԾʳΪ족δĻ
ĴսδԿЩǿģߣЩԴڵĻ
Ҫú롣˵ģʵδšϵ˵һҲûԸһԡ
ĽϵˮˮԽܹŪףΪʲôˮĸ߲ʲܹȥ˵ľܹоһ߲ˮ
ӣԸһԸ㾡ȫһ¡
Ļ̌ͷĿ¶һɫʡ
Ȼԡȴһطص㣬Ѿ㰲źˡｫʵõĵط
Ц
Ŷ
Ļ̌ͷһȻ֪˵
ֺ
Ц
ֺˮһ졣ӵдĽҪˮ飬õĵط
һ죬Ҳܾʱ䣬ܹĽٶʵ顰ӽˮ
Ľܿ뿪ˡ
һ뿪ģʮƽԼӴبԼҶϡʮӡ
һ˭ҲûоϢϷȥ
ͬʱдҲֱɵ˴بԼС
ڽֺһĽʵ飬С£ֻд󲮺кͿˡ
ֻҦҺǣ⽻ֺôңԶ顣
ܸģҶѾġδܲӹЩѣͿˣ
鷿Ľ뿪ķ
û˱ףδܲӹһ٣ܹܲʵϡ
һʮũϡ
Ľ꣬ϣ


186 磬ã
Ľ飬ֲһʣʮƽ򡢽촬ӣԼ봬Աʿ
źż֮ĺͬǮ嵹ܵ
ȥпˡ
һУ̾ϢһȻǰڹŴһеĽĵš
ɣ
˵ػأڹ۵תš֪˶ãǰһµڡ
ڵ棬ֻ֣
Σ
ּ߲䣬Щͷˡſڣһʮ׳˶Ľһſޱڴſڣͬһħһ㡣
Σ
͢еļ֡Ρ͡Ρ֡صﷸ֮Уʥж
󲿷˶Ǻѳ
֮еˣһЩĶã͹֮У
ɪɪ͸ӣʮڼ׽ػڣ̾Ϣһд˷
ãСϵõģǴҲССǶá
ͱԼ곤ܶ࣬ͲξȥˡԼģǶá
Ȼ͵֮ĹϵûгԽԶˡ˵ź
֪ΪʲôΪ֪ԲŸӵź
βμѵӪ˵һĵôһԼĶá
Ҵ򿪣
óһƣʮصĺڼ׽ǰһ¡ơ
ƣڻʹ󲿷ֵطȥá
¡¡
һϢɭĺڼ׽ڿһ֮˴š
ˣ
飬һɺĵӵӿ˹΢΢üȻ̤˵֮С
ǳ棬ԼĽŲ
һڼԼĶ硣
һƵΣռκһζҪĶࡣդӣÿһڴϸȫǸĵ졣
εģһӰĥϥţһͷɢۿݣ֫ɣִܹͬһ㣬ݺύ˷ס
ԼĶá
ֱ޷ţǰӰԼǸһԵĶ硣
磬ˡԲҵڲ㡣
ͷɢĥʬһӰͻȻܡ
ⲻԼǸӡ
ʪΣҲ硣
ﾲĵģûκεĻشӰһͺκε
磬Ƕ㡣㣬С㣬ҺĸҲһ㡣ɣ磬㲻ģ
̾Ϣ
ǹѺĵط֪ԼĶЩ˽ȻͬΪҹѺġ
ҵˣ˷ˡѪ֢ˣɽ֮СʥʵүүĶݡ
үү֮رȡġ
仨Ѽңʥʳرġҵĺˣ˿Ѫ֢֮󣬶ԽУԼ
һ˶ϡзȥģԼ˭Ҳ޷
ﾲĵģȻûа̾һ
磬Ϊ֣ĳӵĻǴɲءѾָˣû
ΪΪ֣𣿡
һͻȻ𣬴֪ʲôʱͻȻ̧ͷһ˫ͨ۾դĶ塣
磡
ϲڿϸ˵ˡ
ΪΪŽ𣿡
δ˫Ķ壬˿ĸ飺
ҹȥҲҪңҲҪκң
һ֣ͬѣ棬ǵأԪ߽׵ʵ񾢺֮ǣҲԣˡ
ȻѪ֢񣬵ãȴǾʦμ֮
Ŀ죬ȥҲ졣
ֻһַƽ˾Уָֻƽ
磬ȻΪ֣Ϊʲôȥأ
Ӱȴû
Ҫıһģû꣬ǲ뿪ġ
һͺûһ
ȴûз
סġѾˣѵ㻹׼һӴȥ𣿡
һ˵ţһ߳εդ߹ȥ
ҪҶ֣ȥڣϣ
ٴ˷Ӧһָֻ֣γڵķޱȡ
磬Ѫ֢ǲսʤ
Ѫ֢˵Ѫ֢֪ʲôʱѪ֢𣿡
¡һƬҵУһǿҵΣͻȻв䣬޴ĸУһݵףƤ԰ףۿݣѪ۾ɢӴɱ͵ĳҰ֮С
һͻ䣬Ѫ죬ɱĿ⣬ֱجһ㡣
˫۾ţ־֮ᵨսսĺˣûС
嶨Ŀ˫ħԵģģɱ¾ѪĿԣվһһ˿˿ĺ˶ûС
һΣҾԲ˵ģ
˫ͨģѪ˿۾гòնò԰׵գӹһ˿İˡ
ģ
ʵ֪ΪʲôҷѪ֢˱䣬һײϡ
˺ˣ˺ԼСãԲŹ䣬飬ԼСԷԶ
ҪѺۣԼԶġ
Ѫ֢ʹಢ˿£ԵĹ¶Ҳ£˵ģԼ˵η塣
ϧϱԼ֪
һοӣԼԺˣСʱһΣԶԶԼ
ǸԼ׽ڴѩ죬ԼڼϣѩתȦĶʧˡ
ȡ֮Ǹģ˿Ѫ֢ǧ֮á
ڶΣŲ԰׵ףͨ۾ǰԼԨ
ҲԶʧȥ磡
ССһˣ׵ĸԼҲһӡܶණҪȥ˲Żס
ϱӵĴѾ޷ֲⱲӣΣ嶼
㲻ɱ𣿡
ÿդɫƽ壬סˡ
ΪʲôҪأҵĶ磬ǣȥǣδǣԶǡ˭ԼĶ磡
ŸդĿû˿ܡ
ķθ֮ԡ
һΣԼĶ뿪ȻѪ֢ǲ֢֮Ը⾡ԼȫԼĶȳ
סˣͨͻȻһ˿ʹͻֵ̿ɫĽŲԣȻɿդȥ
ߣߣߣҲ㣬뿪ⲻӦĵط
ͷɢ壬һ߻֣һ͸¶һŨŨʹࡣ
ŶӣҲźݺݵĳ鴤ȴûбֳ
磬ûʲôǲսʤġѪ֢ѪŴǾŴϣļס仰Ϊۡľ־ȥսʤѪĿѪ֢
ûʲôսʤ˵ġҲԲᱻѪ֢ơ㣡

ΪۡõȻһ£ܿƽ
߰ɣ߰ɣҪٴң
ûֵ
忴õıӰһ˿Ȼɫ
磬ʵǸġҺܿҪѵӪˡʱңΣգҿܺܿҪսˡЩҲ˵ҿԸ㡣
δĴƣһҡҲ֪ҵļƻܲܳɹɹʧܣʬҲڣ
˵仰ʱԺ֮ʯ
棬ͼԽޣ۳10еڶΣֱĨɱ

һҵʹȫɫף˫ֶ鴤岢ûб¶Ǽ˵
磬ҪİԵĻ뿪ҰɡѪ֢Ȼھʦﴦ⣬սϣȴ⡣ϣң
˵仰תȥ
һֻǵʧڵʱ򣬲תͷıӰĿ¶֮ɫ
Сܡ
лص΢š


187 ѵӪ
峿ռžҵĵϣһĸԼһһСһһŹâͺС͵աһ
ա¡΢΢һһŹâӰ죬ΧؼԪһһɲͣӿڡ
޳ɵġСŹ޳ɵķʱ˵ؼԪٶȾͿ˺ܶࡣ
屾񾢣ټšСʵٶȻҲ͸ˡ
ʱһһĹȥڵһϵϢҲԽԽǿ֪˶á
ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬·һɺŤգͬھһ鷿Ӷ
ҲڵľŤһ¡
ϲɹȹڶʮ㡣ʣʮ㡣
һºҪʮ㡣

Ǻεӷʧͬһʱ֮ʯ

峤һ£
ֶȹһ٣
˵£ʵµĸ֮䣬ѾһˡٴǸоجһ㡣
ȫۣľһ㡣ǺôҲûУοԵĸоԼĸǸˣ⡢ĤҲøӼ͡
ֹˣ廹ԵĸоһֵΪԪעԼľ֮С
һ˿൱ԼµĿˡ֮ǰȣԼ˲١
ԽԽˣһλֻǶʮ㣬ڶξʹﵽʮ㣬Ĵξʹﵽʮ㡭
Ҳ£Լ֮ǰ̫¼ͽڶʹ¼еõʮֻһΣͱĨɱˡ
һαһδ󣬵ڶξͱȵһǿࡣЩܹ׵ֿġ
ʱļҲԽԽһһ£ڶ£ξʹﵽ£ҪȻļֲȥ
аеѹء
µʱûз²㱻ˣһηֽԭ͡
û㹻ºܿͻᱻĨɱ
µʱ䡣㹻ܶˡ
аܿƽ
ı˲ô򵥵ģıԽ󣬸ıԽ࣬ΧԽ㣬ܵҲԽ
岢⡣£һܳʱˡ
ﬣ
ڵƬָ̣һͻȻוּһϰγһ
µȸֽһ߳ͨ죬һƵİƣͬһ
ûȸսôȴһϢ
С𣿡
忴еĳĿգһ£һ˿Ĺâѽɽϵʦаˡ֪С󣬲ġ
аһ书ƫ棬һ书Ȼͬͨ书ֻҪ޿һܹﵽߵľ硣
ǡСֻͬʹáСͣȡֵĹʹС棬ﵽߵľ硣
仰˵ɱˣ
а֮ԳΪаɽУŭôˣ⵽ô׷ɱҲǹؼԭ
Сֻ̫ͣӶʵԼܶĶֵԪľ缶ֻӶỢèֶＶ
аһΪʲôˡС
Сֻڶֱ߼£ܰһԪ
˵ģСΪаΪаӵܣݶй˼ɡôʦ˵Լᡣ

ⷭаӵģһŶżĹġаһĹУѱ˽ܡرɱ¾ľѧǺѱ˽ܡ
а˿ŵڣѧϰַֻ¶вסаǶˡ
СʺϵĵطɣҲ˽˲ɱսžѧֻս֮вɱܿٵĻۣڶ̶ʱڣﵽߵľ硣ʦˣ
嵭ָӰɫĽϻùһԽĳ
С͡컯а٣һʼĶλͲ򣬶սɱ
ʦа˲ĵЩ⣬˵ǲڵġ
գ
˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬ԶԶһս˻
壬׼ûУѵӪϾҪʼˣ
κʮ㣬ԶԶ͸ؿռ䣬Ͽջص
ˣ
΢΢һЦСؽʣܿվôãƾʷҪ鷢ˡ
ѵӪᡢڿΡ
ʽӪʱ
ͷ飬ȫ׵Լκ𩣬һԡ£һɾ·һڣӲţˬ۴䣬ӷ˳ݣޱȡ
ϣ
ո߳䣬һɵâһһŸİӰֱ˽Լ
ɫСһ߽Ժ˺Ҷһë裬ͣͷ壬һޱȵӡ
巴ӦҲ죬ȡһͳһѻƶţιԡ
ȷʵԣ
̶ֻʱ䣬ƥлİѾ嵱ˡҲһһûаؽǣǷԺӣɱۣȥȥʲôͳʲô
ԸԣҲӵĳɳ
Сڣ߰ɣҴȥһĵط
СԳеĻƶǣһ·ǰȥҵĴſڣһĵš
ү
壬꺣¡ذϹԪĻй㣬ͷȻûеͷҲ΢΢ͷʾ⡣
ţɣ
Ц
⣬ƥսͣţκһи࣬緢
һߣԾǣżƥսһߵԼԱ߾Ҷϡǡ
ѵӪһβξеõϢ͸Ϲˡ
һμ顣ײڣҪԼѧչԼ
վ£۾ģЩ˸С
Ȼ廹ʽĲξֻǲμѵӪȴһ뿪Լߡ
񳤴ˣڿʼء
ףİɡһġ
΢Ц
ߣС磬˵˶Ǹ۸㣬ʲô£ңȥԸǣ
Сĸ׻ֻͣСȭͷһҪ¥һ򱧲ƽӡ
ʧЦڣҲֻСòŰɵǰǸ޸֮Сˡ
Сã֪ˡ
ߣҪҵıӡҪȻҿǲˣ

СһҪ쭵ӣЦ󳷣롣
ףСãλˣ
һһͻȻġ㣬κ𩡢Ծ䣬˳ų⣬ȥ
µ;ˣ


188 ѵӪ
գ
˳ӿһﲻϵĴӾʦĶšźЩ죬ǾĽҲǵطı߾һ緢ľǹӡ
ӡȨӵܡ佫֮ҡŷĵӡɫɫ
ְ
κϣһĻ˷ܵĹЦ
壬㿴ö˰
ţ
˵ͷüͷȴ΢ɲĶһ¡֪ǲΪԼı̫̫࣬巢֣ѵӪͼеȫһ
ڹȥѵӪûôΧע⣬һοӪʱҲûôӵܡ幫
ѵӪյԱĿҲϱҪöࡣ
һжһˣ
аĸı磬ûдִۡ۲ֻڡһϣĶ档
Ҳָ֪ıǺǲ
ǲǺǻûѡ
ôѵӪ鲢ûиı䡣
Ժӹͷκ𩡢ԾŶŶȥֻһ̤Ϲٵ۶ȥ
ѵӪϢܶ඼Ѿųˡ
ѵӪ¼ʥ飬׿ϣɱ̲岿̣ϣӪ
ؾھʦǣ桢ͱ棬ʮ￪Ⱥɽ֮С벻ԶҲ
̫ԶˣʹѵӪʧȥӻȫ̫ˡһʦ꣬ѵҲûչˡ
ѡеѵӪͶȺɽ֮С
Ź·ȻֽСԼʱ֮ڿһӴɽͣƣͬʷǰľһȺɽ֮С
ɽ͵ĶˣǵĲïʢľһľƵĹѵ
һŴƵ죬ɰǧֺꡢƴ󣬲ɽͷڷƮ衣֣ߵһɫһףĴڷչĺԶ嶼֣ܿ
ᣡ
ɰ
κϣԶһŵ
û˵꣬ĳҲޱȡѵӪУƽģᶼӪ֪
͢ɱ̲н֮һ£Чȷʵͨ˿ɱȡ
忴Զ
ϱѵӪԵѵӪزͨ˿ԿˣҲǵһοѵӪ
ͬǽ裬ʱֻ±ѵӪػ硣۽̶Ⱥ͹ģĺѵӪ̫Զˡ
κ𩣬һɽϲҪ⡣ѵӪѵӪ棬˵ͣ޵ˣѵӪʮþˣǿֻꪳɳȵڶӪġ
κͻȻڵѵӪǰԱ߾ԼֵܣЩҪǰţˡ
ʲôЦҿԪ߽ףҵɽҶˡѵӪѵ˶Ԫ˽ײɣ
κһֽУȻšʵǴǣɽ֪Ϊʲôرʺֱһ
ΪĴǣŻôӵܣΧ£ΧΨհ
Ȼ˵пܽѵӪκǾŵġ
ߣѵΪһ;Ժǿ㣬Ըһ˻ԣǶԸЩĸ֣оܿϵȷɣһѵӪеѧ󲿷ֶǳͨļͥûıΪˣǸļŬҶҪöࡣ
ңѵӪҪƽ񡣵ΪˣԵľҪĻҪҵĶࡣܹѵӪʸһǴǧУǸԼмġ
ЩˣľӢƾܴôӱΪϵЩǻῴ𣿡
һϯ˵˷׷Ϊ֮ݡû뵽ѵӪôãɫ
ײƽ֣ŵڣÿʳȻ֪֣ܿɹˡ
ɣ
κȴûô࣬гԾ٣ôţ
ȴûй͡
ѵӪǸѡ֮ѡѵӪʲôһʱ嶯ӵˣˣʲôҷ𣬶ǳһԶĿǡ
ѵӪʵǿ治Ȩ󣬾ҡδ֤Ǹ࣬˲ĵط
δƵ۹Ľǣųϣڴˡ
һ㣬ΪԼıʲôʷ仯
˵ĺ統ҡѵӪʣעѵӪġոոκģûһԼģȫǺѵӪЩѧȷۡ
ЩûбԴޣģֻкŬ
κùӵܺͬѾǺŬˡǺЩ˱ȣ㲻ʲô
񣬱̿ģȱȽǡ
ЩȱĲʣǻۣҲŬԴԣһѵӪеõ㹻Դ˲䱬Ǿ˵ġ
ľѳ֣
Ҫı۹ˣҪѰ־ͬϵѣ£õĵط
ҼסרҲʹɽеġɽ͡ɽУסϾͲ﷭
ع
֪ˡ
κһĺ¡ȻЩţκ֪ǾԲƭԼġ
ȻѵӪһξ룬κѾʼоطӪҪѽˡ
嶼˵ôˣٲСĵ㣬ǰ׳ˡ
⣬ɽϣϸи̹ڣر֡׼Ժкô

ѵӪǷģÿһ鶼вͬĽ̹١Ȼ˵ǽڻ书ԼָģǶպкܴá
ᵽĽ̹٣ѵӪкǿĽ̹٣κߵɽǳʺϡλ̹ٽ̳ѧպսҵͽ
δսУ̹ٺ̳ѧ׹ֻڡΪ󸹱ӣע˻ࡣ
ܶ˶ԸͶ£װ״ʧ˺ܶԵ
⣬֮λ̹θߵĽ죬ϾͲٽѧˡκҪõʵķչõĻᡣ
δѾı䣬Ҳ֪顣ֻǰˡ
ǣ壬İɡˡ
˵棬κҲ¶صɫǳγɵĬ
Ծ䣬ң
תͷԾ䡣һӵĺֵܣԾǱ߾ûбҪرĽ̹ˡ
ԼõĽ̹١
ǣӣ
Ծ乧붼ûʹӦ
ǾŹãδļ̳ˡԾүүѾңԾͰ嵱Լδ
գ
̳һֱԶѵӪȥ


189 
ӣֻ㵽ˣ
һ·ѵӪȥԼ֮ĺ͹㶼ͣ˵ɫ̫ÿ
ĵɫãɫЩɷס
ɽϵĸ̫࣬侳ĸ־Ͳ˵ˣ侳ĸֺͶв١ҺͲȥˡ
˵ΪԶ塢κ𩡢ԾǸߣԸ֪ѹ͸ǻãѹǳˣѵӪУĸһƬ¶һŨҵĵ⡣
ġǺܲܡ
ţôûо
κҿ˿һ졣
ûϵȥɡ
һֹֻ֣κ𩣬Ȼ˰֣ġ˵Ļһ
һգѵӪеʶֹЯֽͣӪصġѵӪжĸ֣ǿԸϢĲͬӺԶͷֱЩѧЩǸҵĸ֡
û⣬Ӧܵѹơ
ܹѵϵĽǵϢһƬΪɽһ㡣ӵķţԿ϶ǻʼҵĸ֡
ĸڣĺ͹ǻǸȥġ
㣬ȥұ֡ʲô˶нһֱƽΪֹ
Ľɡ
ѵӪʱõ󶥼֣԰˳ȥ
ǣӡ
˺ܿתͷȥһ뿪Ļ꺣¡ǡ
ʣ塢Ծ䡢κһѵӪȥ
ɽ£޴ӪʵĴţӪϣƮдĶǡᡱȫһӪķ
塢κ𩡢Ծ䣬мӵܽ˲μѵӪʸƺ˳أһ·ɽ϶ȥ
ѵӪѡļǷԲߵɽͣɽϣÿ˶оԼСĺһֻһ㡣
ɽŵɽӪ޺᲼һ㣬ͬһ㡣ЩӪΧкڼ׵и
ɽѾкܶˣǣԣһɽȥ
֣ôȨӵܣ
忴ɽϣͻȻüͷ
ѵӪƽӵܣ֪Ϊʲô巢ɽϺвȨӵܡЩ˽ãһǷǸ󣬲ͨ˼ҡ
էһȥ١
ЩȨӦѵӪŶԣΪʲôѵ˵ΪԼıģ
кɲѡ
κ𩻹û˵ߵļӵȴֹһ˵ֵɫ
ӣĲ֪𣿡
һӵɫֵ
ʲô֪
иˡѵӪеԺԼеĲͬ˵Ƿǳֵӡ
屾Ҳ˵˵ûָκܹش𡣵û뵽κûڣµЩȴ֪𰸡
壬㻹Ŵ°㣬ѵӪأᣬ֪ĸ𣿡
κ⣬һ̿
Ȼ⻹ʲôʵ𣿡
ѵ滹ʲô⡣
Ȼ֪㣬ڹţᣡ
ôܣ
ȫˡʲôκúͿˡǿκӣ˵ѡԽĺͿˡ
Ϊʲô
循ȵѵ˵ʱձãһжǰһˡ
ѵ֪һжΪ㰡
һӵ̲ס
Ϊң
һ㵣ԺȫӦ
ٺ٣Ǳ˵ˣʲô֪
κ˵תͷ壬һЦ
壬ֻŲ֪ˡѵӪô飬֪ĵ˭Ķٺ٣Ǳˣ㣡
㻹ʱ˽£ҾͶڴεѵӪѡĸǡ֪һ㣬ǰɢʧȥˡ
ڴҶ˵Ƶ۹еĺϵڣԵáֻҪ㣬κһ¶ǳĺģ֮;Բ̫ҶܵˣôԵ飬㻹𣿡
κЦţһ⡣
ѵӪӪΪӣŵġܵѵӪһȻΪκӵԭһҲΪ㰡ԭ򣬾ѵӪҲͬⰡ
κһӵܵ
ԭΪڶʹ¼𣿡
һӳĬڲŷ֣Լµ͹Ӱ졣Ҳǰ顣
ʱ̫δҲѹֻӰ쵽ѵӪ
ȻЩ⣬Լļƻ˵˵Ǻ¡
ף֣ѵӪôŮģ
һ·ϣԼ֮κʲôͻȻ
ѵӪطĸӪ׻ȸ䡣ŮӲ֣㿴ӦȸӪˡ
ЦȻûرȥ˽⣬ȴ֪ѵӪÿһֳĸСӪ˵׻ȸ䡣
ңĶѵӪŮӵģһ١ԲŻ˹㷺ע⡣
κ˵ģһ㶼֡
ѵӪӪʴסҰ忴òơκǼŮģͻȻһ£۾һɫ䡣
κ𩣬Ծ䣬˵ͷߡ
ͷԾ䣬ͷҲصɽȥ
ԾŷģĻ˵תǡκȴһıǣѵӪڣʲôµģѵܳ˭ɡ
壬ʲô
κһ˵ţһڵߵٻӰ˹ȥﻹֹţ
㿴Ǻڵʲôأ
ˣ
ʱһŮѩ׵Ķ䶶ʲôȻŤͷ廹û߳ףɽϾһŮӵ⣺
壬ܣ
ף壬ǻʶ
κ۾һȤˣƲ࣬Сų·ǼӢˬǣΪ۵İŮȥ
˵κǸ򣬿Ů˾߲ˣ
ҲĶдѡκκССиëƯŮ߲
δʲôģǶƯŮûʲôֿѡ
ؽǣСҲֳϣеǼŮģ¶ŮѾ
Ǳȥ
壬㻹ߣɲҪǲˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ڶ˪͸¶һɾζԶԶģֻκǶ
λ㣬ԭڵ尡κ𩡭Ӵ
¡
ɽϣֻһĲҽУž춯صľ죬ɽһɲǣ·ҵĶһ£̳
ɽϵĶ˲˵ע⡣һĿ˷˹ȥ
ȻתֻɽϣһˬӢˣ㷢Ŀ䣬ڰɽ϶Լӣ͸¶Ũҵľζ
Ľ£ɽոͻƵԪ߽ףʵǣİٱʱκ𩣬һֻĸһſ֫εĲڽ¡
崫ġɽ֮ͬкж֡Ů˵£Ȼסһš

ɫ˱䣬ŰɽϵǵٻӰԺһͷϳ˶Էݡ


190 ľ棡
壬ǰһϿ¾Ҫһˣ
ӢˬӰ˵ţһֻż˵κûĽ
壬ң
κ𩷴ӦҲоЩ·һſӢˬŮǳġ
һôޣǹ֪ΪʲôôκԪ߽׵ΪϾͺ񱻶ڵһá
ŷ˺üĽǱص̤˻ȥһ㶤ڵϡ
ʵ̫󣬸Ͳ߱һ֮
ֲ忴ý޵Ůһ仰˵Ťͷߡڲûһ̣κһſڵϣӶˡ
ԷסκĹϵҲֻŤͷӲһһɽϵȥ
̶̵һ·̣ߵľǧһ

廹ûڣӲӣӢˬͬ·ߵŮ̲סЦһЦû֦Ҳ

忴ǰԼʮ˾꣬˪Ůӣе
ˣ
ոջڵκ𩣬Ȼһ£ɫһףֳһۼĿֻ̡
˵ýһǸ
κͻȻֽеһĲ
Ҳ˵Ҫ㲻Ҫȥƫ
Թ
֪˵Ůħͷ
ӣ˵ʲôأ˭Ůħͷͷ̫ɻáǰɣ
һܲв
𣡴㣬Ҳ˼Ǹ˵Ĳ㡭Ӵ
κ𩻰û˵꣬ͻȻֽһض𣬺һ޴ڵһһ߷ɳȥ
κӣκӣ
СС
κǼ࣬ɫ䣬ܴƨɰ㼱˹ȥ
ʲô
ۿǰŮˡŰԾо˾޴вһᣬԷĵǰ
ߣֵõ˵𣿡
ǰһ嶼ֹ飡Ծͱɳʮɣٶ֮죬ֱ˼
˪ŮǰԾֱ޷֮ԾϾţȻʵ㣬ǷӦɳʮɺ󣬰һŤȻӲĽһ䵽ϣ˼ûˤ
ߣ㻹ӣ
˪ŮŤͷԾһۡ
㣡
ԾҲǲˣոǰͣһѪ˿ӿ˳
ȻһˣϿô
䣬ס֣
Ծ仹Ҫ֣æֹǰλᣬʵȴǺԼͬһġ
ΪŮˣûʲôʵǾʹشˡ
κ𩰤һţԾ䰤һƣѾˡҪȻȫ˻վžͲˡ
κûˡ

ʲô
ԾһŤͷȥֻӰɽϾȥ
壬ˡμѵӪĿҪҾͲˡģ
ԶԶĴκ
ʲôЦ
ŮľȻ㾭һǸŮħͷλġĺκȻûʹġ¼
֪ѵӪСײǹϣҲԼ鰡
ӣõô𣿡
κߣСܲ
٣Ƕʲôɲûľųм˾Բǡһ㣬һǸطֻҪ˵ǣһ죡
κֱܵ׳˵Ҳֱ׳
Ķʲôݽɫκ顣뵱屻ѵʱŸҪȥ
λѵĲҪҪġ
λǰκͷһá
ۣȺ֡ĶܴһƬģʲô򵥻ɫλôλܺĶһһģԲġ
Ҫٲܣɵˡ
壬飬ϵɽ»𺣶С飬㻹รɣ
κﰵĬһܵĸˡ
㽻Ѳţ
ӢˬŮЦøǼ˵Ķһġ
ЩѣúЦѡ
ǰûļһ
˳ӵĵ˵ͷκ˵֪ˣ
ߣ
̬Ⱥãһ¾ôҹˡ
壬ڳӲˣˣǶѾˣ
ͻȻһ
λ㣬Ļ
ײ
ʮ壬ǰ⼸λСҲʮˡԼϡ㣬Ĳ
ߣϡ㣬ҽΪʲô
˪
ⲻǹ𣿡
˵Ŀɲ
ϸ룬ǰʱȥǲǷ˼Ҹˡ
ćԣӢ˷ˬŮӿЦ
ǰʱ䣬Ÿӣ
סˡزװͿˡɲǵ飬ʱţû
£ܲǵá
ߣҪҪѡ£㣡
ѵ
ʲôԭҶ˵ҪȥһطȥһЩˡԭ˵ľǡ
ô¡ΪˣԲŸӳԾˡ
֪Ϊʲôڰˡ
ǰķݣүүյʱ򣬶أ˵ҪȥһЩˡ
Ϊı̫࣬ҲͲ֮
嵱ʱ֡˰죬ԭʵԼ㵹ã϶˸˼˵һ¡
ɷǿ϶ΪԼҲأҲȥĸӣֲû˶ѵӪ
磬ҲǿЦѡ
Ұ첻үү𣿡
Цæ龭˵һ顣ӣӢˬŮ̲סЦ
ˣӣˡ
˵ʲôأҾͦ氡ǼһиôĵܵܣҲ֪һ档

ֻܳĬܺͶһ𣬴һƬģŮ˰
϶Ǵ򲻹ģЩŮûһ磬ٶ侳ΪðȻȥǶ֣κԾõ³
ҡвŮʤ֮Ҳ䰡
ԾںţɫҲֵֹġ
ڳ˶ٷ꣬۹ǱĿĴڡ⼸Ůǰȴȫʩչ类һ
ҲһμʶеЩŮˣ
ߣʶࡣˣ
ջϸ޳ȣһ߽һӲϣӢˬһӢ۵ĸо
ҪġʦѾųѵӪΡֻҪѵӪҪúõĽѵһ١
ʲôӦ֪ԼСĵ㡣ѵӪӪأӦûѵӪ֮˵ңѱûʲôС

谣
˵֣ʱɫ
谣˭谣
Ծ˹⼸˵ɫرӡԾȴûô
Ȼٸ㡣
ֹԾ䣬ǰ¶صɫ
ΪʲôҪԸңҺӦûʲôڰɣ
ߣˡʷеĶ壬ǰüᣬΪĹϵʷ˺ü⡣ô󳼵棬澡ʧ˵ϵɱ
磬Ǹ򡣬˵Сͺܺá£谣˵ҪҪѵ㣿



191 صĽ̹
˵Щܿˡ
ֻһԭ˼
үǸ谵˭
Ծ˰춼ûףֻǸоǸ谺ӣȴΪʲô
ǾǵľŹ֮ףҶͬһġǰҶ罻֣ʤ


Ծ̲סͺһȻ֪ʲô谣Ķȷ֪ġ
ңΪδпܽŹ²ļ̳֮һ츳书Ķ綼֮ѡ
ھʦõ׹ҦҵĹҦ綼ѵҪȻҲϣһȥݺйˡ
ãھʦǺߵĴڣϵǰ;
ӵܣǹȨһֻӵܣû˸ûеÿѪ֢Ļ
ͷĬ
谣֪ģԶȸԾĶĶࡣغ񣬵ʵĺ
츳ˣʵ׿
աھʦʵѾܸˡǺ谱ȣʵһء
˫ȫһεġ
ֹˣ谿ûʲô˽дԣ˵ӡ飬谴ûеϣҲûзϡ
谿ɳȴȷɵġ
ңҲرĺã٣Ϻö书ǿȷʵġ
ҪˣĳҲ˼ɵˡ
ܺͶԲǷ֮
ˣүոǸŮӵʲôŶ󣬾ܷǴô𣿶һŮģ
Ծ౻˵ؿڣͻȻ
Ǻǣ䣬ǰھʦԲ֪λСŮ֮УΨһŮҲΨһϮŮֻҪһգλþͿϮһֱȥ˵ȯΪƾ̡֤
ԣȻСҶƺΪλãġһ̣Ѿעˡ
Цŵ
Ƶ۹ϮģǹһһƵǲ˵ĺ
ûϮʸġ
Ƶ۹ϮŮֻˡ
ԭˡ
ԾȻ
ЦЦûж˵ѵӪУû뵽ġ٣ϱûзġ
ⱲӣܶѾʼò̫һˡôѵӪԼ޺
ңĳҲ塣
ѵӪڴƵʷ϶Ǵ£ȤģԶֹԼһּĸ֡
߰ɣȥɽϿѵӪƵġȥ̫ˣ˵ˢˡ
кһԾ䣬˵˾ֱɽȥ
ѵӪΧľˣɽ㣬²ϰˡɽϣӪӰ
һգֵġ
ߣͨһؿ˵

ɽĽפЩפصĵط˺ܶɸѡ㡣ѵӪлľ硢ʵҪġ
лʸ
Ҫ󶼴ﲻıòμӡ
ʵɸѡ
һزһʯǾٲģͳͳɸѡ
ڶزȭܹһأҪһ·ȭҪ
ؾҪһЩˣǶӦԵҪ
ֻҪȭͿ𣿡
Ⱥ֮Уͨǰ֮վһԱǰ
ǣֻҪҵȭܹˡ
˵Ӷʮ꣬ޱ飬ǽǳ͢רŸһصġ
ˡ
Цһǲݵġ
׼ˣ
һ䣬ͻȻȭ䣡ХӳȭɲأһֻȭǰƤֻͷ˿ľ롣
һƬžĿɿڴĿ壬һһɫѿޱȡ
ɣɸѡѾͨˡûˣɽаɡ
ͺӣԹԵ˵һߡ
ˣ
һã΢ЦţԽڶ
ּĿ飬ǰǺͨġҲҪһһʱһʱµĿޣֳɸѡѾ߱Ѷȡ
Ԫ߽׵ΪȻûκרŵٶȡ๦ĸǣٶȡӦݶԶͨˡ
ּĲԣƾֵٶȣͨ
һͷԾ仹ŶӲμӲԡ忴һۣҲûȣֱɽȥ
ɸѡͨľҪһˡ
ѡ̹٣
һѵӪ޵ġɽϣЩ͢פĽ̹˵ġɱȨ
ÿһ̹ٶֻضѧߣҲաȵеĽ̹һѵӪҲͽˡ
μѵӪмɵģܶ˵ɽϣһ̹پȥˡⲻ֪ѡ̹ѵӪ֮أҲؽһ
ͬĿвͬķеóеóսɱеóеó桭
ܶ˲֪ѵӪеĽ̹٣ǴӸսϸѡľ񽫹٣սɱ൱ḻ
ֱܶԺЩ¶ѵӪѧЩζʲô
ѡһõĿ٣δã²һŶĹ
֮κȥڵĴӣҲԭκɽӽ̹ٳ͵ص㣬˲ܷ
ͬһλʺԼĽ̹١
ѵӪѾҼеĲ̫һˣ֪λ̹ٻڲڣ
а
ѡ̹ʵоϵġѵӪʲôĽ̹ٶСҪҵһλǳĽ̹١
̳Ҳ޵У̱ӵѪⲫɱһλ̵߼ġͳ˧
һ仰˵˽̹棬λصġӢۡ
һ㣬֮⣬ɽϿ»û֪
ӡУһλ൱ĵ͵ֻ֮꣬ѵӪоҲ˽һˡ
һλع⣬ѵӪΪ˻ڶϳӵĴڡ
ܵ͵Ҫһλ¿ɲס
н̹һλѧҪߵġ̹ͨѧ׷ױˢҲεҪ
֮뵽£Ϊʲôͳ˧ΪѵӪеĽ̹һλӵߵȨޡ
ѵӪмδʧľѧֻͨпѧĵֹˣѵӪɭϡ
һѵӪеѵйΣȫҪμӡ˵Ľ̹ٶˡ
ڱ˵ֹ涨ʲô岻ͬͬǡ컯ǡ̵ܽġ
Ĳѳ
岻̫ܵ
еĽ̹棬ֻһλΪɢֻҪܹĿ飬زμӳѵճΣܵκ
λζڵġ


192 δĽǣ
ɽϵ˺ܶ࣬μӿԵѧפɽϵĽһʱᣬҪãã˺ҵԼҪҵλ̹ٿɲס
˵Ļû𡭡
ɽѰλؽ̹ٵʱͻȻȺһѹĺܵ͵ģŰӰ
ǣӣΨһĻᡭ
һ˿İš
ߣҲŲǲʲôΨһᡣˣ㸸׿Ҹ£ҪҲҵģ㸸׾͵ŻؼɡʱȫҾ͵źɡ
ǸһǿҼסˡΣ㶼Ҫ֪϶԰õ
֮ǰݺݵв
ߣǿ飬ĵطҲͰˣѵӪҲôɣǵӲС
ЦһѾ׹ôˡ
˵ѵӪУЩ˻üеȨƱȱˣڽ̹ٿʱֽţΪԼӮòơ
ΪַΣҲûƻԾǽ̹Ҳûа취
ѵӪȴǵһ
һܿתĵطȥѵӪע⵽ǵĲࡣ
͸Ⱥһ۾Ϳ°Ӱվţǰһʮżªڵϣһ˵һȣధ󣬿˾
һ廹ûôע⣬ǵʱȻסˡ
ô
һʯǧˣվͻȻϳ⼸˭ˡδѵӪǽǱ
߳ĺպսǣԹҫǿգܽƵҹܳһʱ䡣Ǵ貵һʱ䣬Ҳһιʱ
Щҫ񷣬յʱ廹ĬĬŵ֮ܿܿһԣʵǴġ
˫û̫Ľ
ǵʱԼԼʱ䣡
ź
ΪһλԪ˧ȴûпɿһãܹһĽ죬һֱʹ
ΪԭŶ֧ĬĬ֧ʮ꣬ꪳɳܱɱ
ʷܹı䣬ԼܹǸǱʱȵôĴ󽫿ɹԼǴôһжȻͬɡ
ΪԭѵӪгЩǣرѵӪĽǶй˽⡣
ѵӪȥЩ֮УһΪ⡣ΪǳϮս
ڴƵܿܿУ佫ȿ
һƬڰҵǸĴڷǳϮͻƣΪᡣ
Ǹʱܶ˶źܴڴ
˾һŻһڶݵɢһҫ۵ҹâ󣬱Ҵҵˡ
̫ڱ书Ϊԭ
һβġͻơǿΪֱԭ򡣶Ϊһǡˡ
һ㣬ºΪ֮̾Ϣ
֪
忴ڵĿԺһͷǿ֪ܾ˵ĴǰԼǱڵǿ֣ΪԼƽ·û⣬Ӧþǡġɡ
Ҳδֱӵ֪Ǹˡ
벻Ȼǣ
岻֪ҲͰˣ֪Ǿ͸Ӳֲܷˡ֪ûĻһΪĵԭֱӾˡ
ѵӪ»ǵڶ飬Ѿǰ֮ˡ
ֻǰĲ𣬵һ˵ȴʵķֱ
һֵĽ̹٣ܶ˵ڶֱӾǲˣҲѧˡһЩˣһЩ˼ȫڵһϣͲ
ѵӪӪһڳҰܵӣбԴҲǽȻͬġ
Ͷص˵ȫǲ֮壬ǧ˵˰
ˣ
ԺЩͷйâһ̤˹ȥ
֪ӺɷѵҪС˵в
߹ȥ֪ĸ첲ӵ
֪ãȻĿͻȻֵ꣬ʹסˡûмǰˣҲΪʲô֪Լ֡
ʲô
˵ıϹͣ
ʲôˣ޹أȰ㻹ǲҪ£Զ㣡

֪һãȻĵ߳ŭˡڽѵ֪֪ڹ˵ҹ¡
ѵӪͬСɣǷǳҪ˭һǵļƻ˭ԼС
Ҫ㣬ھ뿪
ǰһݺݵĶ壬εв
ģ㣬ھ͹ң㻹ǲ𣡡
һЦ
쵰ô˵ģ
һȰ಻סŭգ͵һȭ塣
¡¡
̳˭ûô֣ߵӾͱһȦԲݺݵڵϣ֮Ƭض·𶶶һ¡
ֹǵģΧĿסˡ
ʱŷӦԾĿ壬֪λͷС
㵽ʲôˣ
ͫһ߳ŭ
ɽ϶֣Ź
ңһ෴Ӧ죬ɽϴ˻ѵӪһգ˭ɽϿ֮صĳ϶֣˭ͻʸпܵġ
ʲôˣ֪Ͻ𣿡
ɽϵĶ˼ע⣬ִ̼ףͻɽһ㣬Ӹٸ˹ɫܲ
ߣ˲֪ô£ͻȻ˷һǵ˳֣
ϵߵһͻȻһָ壬Ц
û˵Ҳ͸ɫ
˵뿪ϧ㲻ƫҪù¡
Ц
ԸçҪԶֻ֡ҪʩСƣֻǲ֣׵ĸһݺݵĽѵ
û㱾£ôܼԦ֪Եģ
˵Ҳǵġ
Цһ˵ĿУż棬ͻȻȡһơ
ϼ򵥵֣˴ʧɫ
ƣ
Χһ󾪺
ոջܸĵĵˣ۾ͺһƣıɫ
֪˭ˣ壡
찡ѵӪ
ΧɧңȺУϳ֣ĸһһĳˮס
֪ʲôԼǰ޼ɵĺùˡǣ֪˻粻֪
гġ
ԭӣ
ԹӵȻǹֵġô£ѵӪҲҶ֣벻μӿˡ
ߣȻѵӪԳ幫ӳֱ֡ӰĿʸ񡣡

дǼɫѿ˼㡣˵ĿУȻȻƫ̻壬ϱһֱӾɽ´ȥ
ۿôʸ
ӣ
ԣɫҰܣһƬɷס
ˣӣʱ䣬ȸֽһһ̫ˡ
һ߳ʮˣͻȻعͷ
ڽһ֧ǶڻǶ⣬֪ȸֽģûˡرǽĴͳġԨ֮ȸڽ׹
֪ˡ
ͷһЦ˸OKĶһζԼȨоˬ


193 ıˣ
壬幫ӣ
ʱһԵ֪;ˡ΢Դ壬Ϊڶʹ¼ʥʣޣؽε½֪
֪û뵽ͻȻ֣ԼԸĵľȻ塣һɲ֪мޱȡ
ӣҺԹ޳ΪʲôƫҪأ
Ŀ壬ɫѿޱȡ
֪ݣֿóƣ֪Լؿߵˡ
ոյֺȥˣôʱҪ𣿡
Цһ˹ӣ
Ҳ÷˼ˣֻ㡣֪ҹܶˣ
һ仰˵ĵɫѵ׻ѿ
ӣҪ𣿡
һ֪޷ˣҪ֪£ȥˣ
Ȼҵĳ㣬ҲҪ̫⡣ҶԸ㣬ѵӪеܶԸˡȻƴ󣬵ڳ͢ﻹѹ֪ԼˣһǸ֪ʲô³ʱ򣬿ɾͲ㸸׶жְôˣ
֪һҪõģֹΪϵܲܽѵӪ¡֪׵Ψһ˲š
һλ˵֪츳侪ˣεֻҪԦס֪Ժɻڴﲻڻ¡
ң֪ҲͶµʱ
ѵĸûйϵûйϵ֪һߡˣΣҪε
ߣ
ʱҪв֪εҲŭŷ
֪ŵģֻ֪ǿԤڵ¡ȻĸԼļѹ֪ҲԼԺյļѹһѹСġ
ģֲôԭͶһࡣΪͶ˾𣿡
ЦȻĻץ֪ţһļҪЮǾ͹ֲ
ߣģ˵㸸ǵûɣУ㸸һȥɣ
һ仰˵õɫ䡣
壬ﴵΪ㻣˭ƾ㣬û£
٣Ųţ֪ˡ
Ц
󲮸بǳ͢سǹٸԭλáֻҪ֣ҪһСǰϻ磬ж׹ֻ׾ٵ¡
ĵĸ׵ʣйԱǨȨǿȨ˼Ҳ֪ܰһҳԵġ
ûݡҪʲôҪЮ֪
֪ġʲô£Ұ㣡㾡ܷĵȥԡڵģûɵˣԺҲв㡣
嵭֪ļɫȻȻ¶һŷǡ
ڵңԡŽһ£йе̫Ҫһ֪練ơ
ӣлл
֪һ񣬸жѡŹĴ׹˲֪˲
ҳ棬׵黹ǲõġ
쵰֪㲻Ҫڣ
ĿһĻﻹ֪֪ѡɫ࣬ݺݵһӣȥ
Ķ֪˵䡣֪ѡ壬ûκεİ취ˡ
Ҳûã
ӣ
뿪һɫ΢䣬æȥ
忴˵ıӰȻһЦ
˻ĥԸˣ岢ʱһءˡ
ѵӪ󲿷ֶƽ񣬻ͨĺ岻ݡ
Ҫˣƻƽ岻Լѹһѹǡ
֪Բǻһ㡣ĿԽ֮һ˰ɡҸһűǵ

һ;Ҫѣ岻Ըߵĸ֪֮ıǶûдﵽ
Ǻ洦
лӣ
֪ϲվһҾţǽŵڵĲ֮ء
֪츳̫һλǰ˵ֲܹǵĶ̰壬δǰ;Ȼ
Ҳ֪һҪѵӪԭ
֪û뵽ȻԸ֮زصı֮
Ǻǣлҡ⣬пܵĻѧһŲɡȻٶ˫ҲܵġﱻɱʱָΣ

֪Ȼû뵽ͻȻ
ЦЦûж˵֪кܶԭ򣬲ڱʵЩǡ
Ϊ±Ԫ˧ľ飬ܵĸо֪һȱݣôӲ
Ȼĳٶȷ۵糸ޱȣֻҪԦսܹһ㲻ѧûϵ
һսɱһ˫塣
Ӵƿ޴ز֪ӿ˶ٽǣսϲСΧ֮Щ˼ΧҲмĸܹӳ졣
֪ͬսɱ£ΧʼΪ㣬ֵѾֶ֧
ս˲Ϣ䣬Ȼܼĵо𵽼谭ãӵһŽسսϣʱܼĶַܳΪ谭оܡ
֪óϮʹΧԶߵöࡣ
ıϰߣӲֻµȻı䲻ˡƵ潫٣岢Ըһλ潫ҴҵľַʽĻˡ
ûͣܿʧȺ֮Сܶණ㵽ֹͿˣ˵̫෴

֪ϣʵ̫಻˼ˡ
˵Ȼ֪Լ֪ҲʶġؼǣҲͰˣȻĵĸǻɵж֪
ʵ֪ò˼顣Լģȷɵġ
λӡʵɲ⣬԰Ȱ
֪д˷Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪԼᲽ£֪ȴļ
ţ֪ܾܿɽȥ
ӣλʲôˣ
ȺУԾ˹֪ķһĲ졣ѾһΪ֪Ǿʶû뵽Ȼǡ
Ǻǣһλδսϵսѣ
ЦЦ
δѾı䣬Ȼ֪ηӦķ
Ծ䣬ܿɽȥ֪ҲѵӪ̺δ֪ٽǡ
ѾУ˵ܹԼǰ֪ƣıһЩˣıһЩ£ܹΪƱ˲ţһЩǣԪ
һ
ţܿȺܼȥԾ仹ӦѾʧˡ
վȺһãȻȫ֪ʲô
Լһʱ֮ٴγԾǰ鿴࣬Ȼջ
䣬Ѿҵλ̹ˣ
Ծ䣬ֱɽȥ


194 ս
ѵӪɽɵĵطһ̹ٸֶ䣬վһ͹ʯϣһ
̹ٲ̹ͬΧȺϡϡ䣬˶ǴΧҴҶҲû̹ܿ顣
̹ٿһĻҲ⣬ֻ΢΢Цš
̹٣μӿ顣
֪˶ãһѧͻȻɽһǳ
ǣҪˡѶȿɱطѶˡĵطǺͿսҪս
̹ٸ֣Ц
̹٣
ݵѧһ̹󲿷ֶǿͿսǵһ˵Ҫͽ̹ٹеġ
ǽ̹ٵĶ֣Զͨ
ҪԶֵ֡Ҫٺܶࡣ˷ʱ䣬˵̹ѾˡҪǺŶ
ǽ̹Ц۾
ݵĿһסˣǵһôΪǵĽ̹١Ҳǵһ̹پȻԼҪ￼Եġ
⣬⡭ңңԲ𣬶Բһȥطԡ
æͷͨ죬˵˼Բ𣬴Ҵطȥ
ǽ̹ҲǿȥЦеվʯһ
мѯʣһȫȰˣżҲģжûͱһԶԶģ˵ϣͣﻹ
һͷ̹ΧûһͨĿ
ү˵ľ𣿡
ԼʮĵطԾ俴̹٣üͷ
š
ĵ˵ͷĿһֱ̹٣ûһ¡
վҲкþˡȫʲôð̹̫ǿˡҿӣһ㶼ż
Ծ̹ԽԽɣѵӪн̹߶վһĿֻһλһûС
ȻӦüǡɽûѵӪĽλ̹١


Ծ˵ʵӱĺܣоֵֹġ
סλ̹µõĺô̹ٶ࣬ˡ

Ŷ
Ծ˵ͷ˵׶Ķˡ
û˵۲̹Ѿкһʱˡ֮ǰ廹λˡ
ۼ֪֮Լˡ
Ҫ뵽λͳ˧̹֮£Ѷȴĺܶࡣ˼ҶȰ㲻ü£˵⡣
ҾĹ۲죬λ˲̹ͬÿжʮ˵һλϱӵļ䣬屾жӦҪи
ǿеӣоԼ´ˡλƸû˵ȫײûУҲûʲô
˰죬ǵԼְ
ü겻ѡ
ⳡǴע⣬ȿ˵ı֣̽̽ĵϸ
巢Լˡ
λʵʵ̫ǿЩĿ뿪ǿʯʵûС
λһȥսͽˡ
ѹʵ׼
ٴʱҲһʲôá
䣬Ա߿ȥȥԡ
ӡ
үɡ֡
Ծ
ˡɡʧܣûлˡ
嵭
̹٣֪ĲࡣѵӪе飬Ҳ¶
٣εѵӪУͷ̹һͨĿûС
ӡеȫһġ
δѾ仯һԭԶԼΣֻһΣǾ鷳ˡ
٣Ծûˡ
۾顢۽硢ʶڵԾ»ԶԶԼԼǶ֣޷ͨԾ͸ûлˡ
ҲԼԭ
Ҳ֪Ǹ˻᲻֣
Ժһͷ
λ̹١һĻһˣЩѾ仯ˣҲ֪Ǹ˻᲻ٳ֡
ԺЩͷܿ˹ȥ
̹٣ѧˡ
󷽵߹ȥһ˹ء
濴ôãˣ
ǽ̹ٿƺ˶ۡ
һЦˣλ̹ٿǱеȤˡ
ǺǣСȥڶʲôá
ЦˡλܿԼвأһ㶼⡣
а𣿡
ǽ̹ٵ
ûС
ʵҡҡͷ
㻹
ǽ̹ˣȤĴ塣
ٺ٣ܹܲҪԹֻ֪һ£ܹмλ᣿
˼վôã㻹ǵһ⡣ǽѵӪΪʲôһ׵Ľ̹أǲù
ǽ̹ԽȤˡĸоȫһ
˴󲿷Ȱ棬ʵ󲿷ֶ֪ѶˡһλԱ߿˺þò˵Ǽƺǵôͨɡ
ǺǣڣдѶȣȻдҾͲţ͢ôĽ̹٣ʵһˮƽһѶȲһûԭ򡣡

˼ʵ̫˼ˡ
ǽ̹ٹЦ壬ɫ
һǲǰ߿ġ˵ôȤķϣҿǰ㡣εĻᡣֻҪܹңߵסеĻء
УȥҲ𣿡
Ȥ
㣡
ǽ̹Ц۾شն
Ŷ
ôɴࡢˬĻش岢ûеϲãԽĽˡ
ʱԽǿ򵥵Ķ˵ѶԽ
Էˬ죬ֻ˵㣬һԷԼʵоԵţڶٶȾԺܿ죬ұȺܶҪĶ࣬Ͳ
˵ⲢʲôϢ
ⲢûùģԽеս⡣
̹٣һԡ
ͻȻڵ
ǺǣǾ԰ɡûѣѵӪĿѾкܾˡﵢʱԽã̹ͨĻʾԽ͡һˣʵˣҲһûͨ
ǽ̹ٵ
ס
ŶȻ㻹Ǽ֣Ǿͳְɣ
ǽ̹΢΢һЦ˸롱ƣŶݡ
ﬣ
ûпȻγĳԽĳ绢˲˸ע⡣
ճĿͶĽ̹٣ޱȡӲԼĶ֣οּĴ̹١
ơ򡢿粿ϥǡסĿⲻϵĴЩӹ
ȻĽ̹ʵûκεɽ¶ˮԱվ˰ʱҲǺ
Ϊǰ±Ԫ˧ľ顢ʶڡܶණҪֻ֪Ҫһ㶫ͿԼ΢֪жϳܶණˡ
ƱԵкϼ룬˵أرΪһˣϷر衣⣬Ȼֲֵ࣬ʱǼ򵥵һۣǳƵʱ߼粿⣬ϥֺʶƲһֳɵĳϰߡ
Ȼ֪ʲôѧǳֵʱ򶼴⼸λľѧԲ̫࡭
ϸĻ̹ȿļγ֣Ժд˷̹֪ʲôȻ𺳲ѡ
΢֪ԶԶε֡ɳսϽ¶һ㡣
̫ˡ
ﬣ
оâǡһ̣Χ˻ûӦͻȻУ˲ʧ˵Ұ֮С


195 ʮָ
һն
˽һʲô紦ӣ⡱ֻһУ㳬ԽڳųϵĿ
嶼Ѿʧˣܶ౻ĿȴȻԭվĵط
Ǻǣ˼
ʯϣǽ̹΢΢һЦɽϷƵȻһնٶ죬˳ϣȻѲķۡ
ˣ
ᶶʯ𣬾˴˹һɲǣǽ̹ټ򵥵һ˳ȥ
һƺͶԸĿûκε𣬼򵥵ȴǧɵ
Ȼһ̣鷢ˡ
飡
û˿ףھǽ̹ٻĵطһŽⱩɲ֮䣬ǰһ˲ʧȥӰ
ͬһʱ䣬ﬣԽĽУһǽ̹б󷽱Ͱֱָ̹̣ʱ򣬾ǽ̹ٵѾ硣
䶸ԭ紦ӣɽĽ̹Ҳ˲ɫڼµٶУȻܱ仯֮죬һУѾ֮ǰп
飡
񣬺ݺݵĵĽϡӺͽ𣬷ȴǽ·һ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬һֻϼʵ·ӥצȻ̽һץĽϲ㰴սơ
ѵӪվôãһαƵ뿪µ͹ʯ
һר̣˫ȱϣֻ뿪ʯ
ﬣ
潣ߣ̤ͬʱһͬ߳ǽ̹ٵ䣬һãһСһնֱ̹նȥ
飡
ǽ̹¶صɫһһɰͬɽ㽫ֱա

Χ󾪺˭֪߿֮вŲѧͽ̹֮໹̫ˣ̹ٽƾͿѹѧ
屻գϾͱذɡ
ү
ԶսԾһҲ̲ס¶˽ŵɫȻ弫Ϊ
Ȼ鷢ˣ˦ɵͬʱͻȻ֮䣬ڲܵһ׹ͬʱ潣ߣһ磬Ӹ£ǽ̹˫ּնȥ
ãֲüҪͨԭѾԪ߽׵Ϊ
ǽ̹ٷЦȻڱ׷ɵ£ܴϽʵϲѡ
ѵӪӪǵһԺôеġ
飡
ƥĽУǽ̹Ϣĵԣ˫ʮָȻܣָ磬ܿ˷УལʮָͣĻĽϡ
ָأÿһпƼᣬʵɽնоȻȫնϵʮָ˵ˡ
ʮָֵزֱ似ˡ
˼飡
ԶһԹ۵ѧ˶ˡǴﾭǰһ̹ٴԵģû뵽ͿһĻ
ǽ̹ٵʮָһεıһĽж죬նУȫ޷ͻ̹ٵʮָϡ
ǵһμ似似
Χһ𺳵ѧɲǼ䣬˶һָо͹ʯվ˰꣬òȴֺͰףƽ׽˵Ľ̹٣ѵӪֵĽ̹ˡ
ôѧܺͽ̹ٴֵز
⵽ʲô֮ͬһȫѲ
֮࣬ܶ˵ĿҲתƵϡɽϣ󲿷ֶǶǿ뿼֮ĽѡȡЩʵǿģȻ¼ȡ
ǰλȻֱս̹١ҲͰˣȻ̹ܺٴ
λúǰ󣬺ҡǽ̹ʮָĴ󲿷йˡ
ںܶ˵ֱ顣
벻ӵʵȻﵽֵز
Ծд˷Ҳǵһοʩչһնǽ಻罭ƺȫһ
κ˿ֽ¶Ŀ¼̵ӡ
ӹӻʤ˰
ԾüļѧԨԶȻ峡ϿźܲԾ仹Ǻܿ쿴ĽƮеסļ񣬶ҲЩңȻ̹ٵѹ£ܵ˾޴ѹ
ȥɣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ֻһ죬ǽ̹ٱһȫϢĵԣɲǼ䣬һӴԪĪܵͬˮδڱ
ڿУԪһ壬Ҳ޷һ˶ɳȥ
ˣӦ伫죬ɳʮɣȻʹԪ߽׵ġǧ׹ӲĴӰ׹ϣԺסΡ
Сӣʵھʮ꣬ʲôѧֽûгֹԴ𣿡
ǽ̹̤ǰԣɽ·ʮ壬һƬѩ
ǣ
ЦЦؿڣûзϡ̹ʵǸġһնսϣ߶£ǾȻԸ̹١
һʯûͻķѪڣҲĲ١
˼
ǽ̹ĻشеɫԽˡȻˣܴôĽֱ˼顣
ССͣ츳ʵھˡܣһ¡ϧƾڵʵûа취ϹءؾǹأҲƻܻң޷ءһѹ𣿻ҪҪȥ
ҪΪʲôҪ
ϣ仰ЦЦ磬ƺһҲܸոʧܵӰ졣
Ŷ
ǽ̹ԽüʶЩˣ
û㣬ոһֱҵڶûңҲһֱûʹȫʵ
֪
Цˡ֮ѡýɲһʱͿֻý£ԷͶֲ˫֮ʵࡣ
ҪǣոյĽ֣ȻԼʧܸգҲѾеõԼҪĶ
ʮָ˷
Ժһͷ
̹ʹõѧûпĻָǡʮָƾǡ˷
žѧǼΪĸ߼ѧһǹǳɹӺ١
ʮָֹһָһھһַš
ѧĲָֹȫھָֻھﵽһ̶ȣȻȻڱ֡
ʮָָؼ汸һɣָսϣƾûе£ֱӶԷס
ͽ˺ƽֻС¶ѡ
ʮָʮʯ޼᲻ݡҡʮָ鲼ȫ³ٶȣƶٶȶޱȡ
Ź˸Ͳָ
սžѧȫ޼᲻ݵɱ¾
ڡ˷Ǽ򵥵һɣʵޱȣ
ͬʱžѧˣս˼µѪɱ񣬺͵ĺ
ߵѪƮ֣
λȻڲأɽ¶ˮǱ˳
˲򵥰
ţٴ˳


196 ˹أ
ھеľѧԶѧ˽ĶࡣȻ֪Էʩչǡʮָǽľͺðˡ
¡
һɨһ̳ڿն˲佫ԼС
һͻǽ̹ٶһüͷΪ⡣
飬ܿ죬һ̣âһһӰһе
һ𣿡
ǽ̹ȻһЦܣٴ屩
һȴԵò̫һûƵǽ̹ٵĲ棬ֱ档
䣡䣡䣡
ָཻ죬Ľ޷ͻǽ̹ٵġʮָָ
һΣȴе㲻̫һϡ¡ң̡Ĺ˳ƺ̺ĳֹɡ
ﬣ
һԽĽ彣һ䣬ͻȻһȫֱǽ̹ٵĺλá
ûõġ
ǽ̹ȻһЦȻת˫ʮָ磬һֿ۽һֱץ˫ơ
˫ʵ̫Ĺв
ˣ
Ȼ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ǽ̹ٵ˫ʮָҪסɲǣͻûκɵģǽ̹ٵʮָһͣͻȻڲܵ£ٻͺԪһ
ֻôһ΢Сı仯ǽ̹˲ɫ
һˣƺϵôһĻ仯ͣջᣬһ̽ǰɨ
¡
һǿ͵ľͬʱ̹ڱǿ˴ײɳȥ
ƽ˾ɳ䳾ֹսֹһ鲼ǽ̹ٵ׹
Сӣôģ
ǽ̹ٶ壬ɫѿޱȡһֱ򶨡ݵͣǵϵһ鲼Ҳ޷ˡ
ֱ
΢΢һЦ³֡
֪Է˵ʲôʮָʵģ׼ȷ˵Ϊžѧ̫ˣоͬ״鲼ȫڴԲ֮ǰžѧġ
ոյһĽ֣Ѿˣǽ̹ٵġʮָģľҺľ紦û¾绹ûȫͨ
ȱ£ʲô⡣ֻҪһ˳ڵԪضľ硢˳ߣ󣬾ͻᵼԪҺλᣬԪãӶȭʽг־޴
ֶʵ̫ˡ岢׼˵
ֱ
ǽ̹˼ԭüͷչǽ˵֮УȷʵЩ츳ӵй˵ֱܹ˲ӶԷʽѰҳ
ӵ츳ǵҲѹָոջˡ
ֱܹͨһۣҲʵˡôһˡ
л̹١
ϲæһ
ţԱߵŰɡʱһҾʹȥϤһѵӪԺҾͲ̫ˡҪԼϤ
ǽ̹ٿڵ
Ӧ£˶ࡣͨ飬ѵӪҲˡ
ӣһλʵ̫ǿҿºͨ
Ծüͷ
һԿ÷嶼Ӯôѡֻͨ
𼱣
Ƭ̣Ц
ͬвͬĹط֣Ȼѧδؾûķ򡣶ңûзλͷβʵһֱѹʵûгԪΪ
⡭
Ծ˼
λٶ侳ĸ֣ʹȫ㲻ΪǻлɡνλᣬʵǸǻᣬͨҪȻ治ǹﻹܹ

ˡ
Ծʱ׹һؿ϶ǺѵģٲܹġҲǲΪ
ֻҪѵ㹦ѡ
˵
ԾһȻļ
ֻܸô࣬µģͿԼɷˣ
ͨزףڵԾȻǺǸԾ䣬ɫ仹ЩɣЩǲġ
Լⷭ˵˿ûʲôãԾ϶еĺ塣
ӣˡ
Ծ˵ͷ
ɽϵķȥԾ䲢ûмսվڱȦһ°ͣ¶˼ɫ
̹٣Ծ䣬Ҫһһԡ
Ծ߹ȥһ
Ǻǣʲô֣ɣ
ǽ̹֣⡣
ԾȻ٣ľګʵȴһԪ߽׵ĸ֡ŹһһܹģҲֻҶˡ
ΪԾΪŸһԡ
䣡
ɳԾĴ򷨺岻һĴԸΪͻƣͬʱȴֲʧͱͨ
һ˵ԾʵҲ֮ѡ
ٺȣ١
䣡䣡䣡
ӰսһţԼ֮һӰͬ߷ݰɳз˳ȥ
Ծ䣡
Ҫ𣿡
ǽ̹΢΢ЦһֱֻһֻţͶһɸֵȡ

ԾĨ˰ǵѪǣٴ˹ȥ
һԾĴ򷨺֮ǰЩ̫һЩͣȴЩƮݣֻⲻ˱ܵˡ
䣡
ԾһαɳȥһϹۣüͷֻλᣬԾѾʧˡ
ٴʧܣǾûлˡ
˵Ҳûаˡ
а
Ըоóλ̹ٳʱ¶ʵԱȺԼոսʱһЩ
ȻôԾ䡣
Ա߹սôãһһ۾һλǴԾһĲ
Ծ䣬̤Ӫ
ͻȻɽµ
ˣ
ĻԾһ͵Ļعͷɽϵ壬۵Ĳ˼飬·˵ʲô˵һ
ʲô
ǽ̹üͷһ£Ŀһɽϵ塣䣡Ҳʱ򣬹âһϢĵԾԪͺһͷͻһ㣬˹
һʽһĴ򷨣ǽ̹ٵУϤһи˵ĸоƺЩ̫һˡ
䣡
ۿԾҪٴܵʱͻԾһΣϢǣٶȼɲ֮ȻһΪԭӰ¡һι̹ٵȭֱ
䣡
һ˫ȭɳԾؿڣֹıͬһʱ䣬һ˫Ҳ˽̹ٵؿڡ
¡ԾصײڵϣһѪ۵˳ȥήҡ
һ࣬ǽ̹ٻƣĿӹؿڵӡǳŹ֡
Ӯˡ
ǽ̹ڿڵȻԾһߣ˵ȫƤë֮û˵
һУˡ
û뵽ԾֹŹֵιķʹܾ˵Ĵ򷨡ȻЩףԾȷʵӡ
չˡ
ķ
ǽ̹ٿ߹壬ε
ǣ
ûзϣ߹ȥȻһ˵ҩݸԾ䡣ָģ
ŵҩˣ


197 ²
߰ɣҷ㵽һϢ
Ծһߣ˵ҩֵϢһԾɫԺ˺ܶࡣ
ӣô֪̤Ӫ
ˣλ̹ٺԶԾ̲ס
̤ӪһһžڶʱڣٶȼӰƿԷķ
ԷעԼϵʱȫʱⲻ֪̤ӪĹؼʵڽţеۼڽ档
ǽ̹پһ֮Ծĵؿϵһ¡
һȻƷԸֵУڶԷû׼£׷ӳЧѶҲǳɱӣһҲгɹġ
Ծ͵͵һ̤Ӫģһүүֻ֪Ծ̤ӪûȫɣûʵսʹãոһѪдھɵġ
٣ϵ̤ӪүүҲԪ߽ˣӦҲʼžѧˡ

ԭǾŹ
Ծ漴ȻκֻҪŹǾͲΪˡ̤ӪùˣδùŹ
Ծı飬вЦ
Ծﻹõүүһսϵ书Ϥˡ
Ծṳ̂Ӫʲô̶ȣһ۾Ϳó
֮ԼԭȻѵӪȥˣպǾӢɻڴﲻڻ¡һλͬԺǳȥ̾Уξļ𣬿ֱӴ̣ȱҪٷܶܶꡣһѪԺֵ֪õġ

Ծһ͵̧ͷ
˵ͷûж˵ѧϰͳ˧֮˺ǲһģѵӪȥˣѵӪȥˣܿһʼ鳤ʲļ
ѧϰͳ˧֮˲ͬһȥУξļͱȫͬն
֮Լ£Ҳԭ
ϱӣ󲿷ֵʱĬĬţһֱĩڣűЩǰУһε±Ԫ˧λãǸʱѾ̫̫ණˡ
ⱲӣԲŻ뵽λ̹ٵ¡УξǸܺõ㣬ҪͨĲУξļ£Ҫһʱ䡣
˵ʲôȱȱľʱ䡣һУξľοԽʡ̫ʱˡ
ԻҪһܽϢһҳȥ䣡
Ծкܿɽȥ
һѵӪоһ޾ıأδ̫̫Ľˡ
úõӪǵ˵Լܹ׵ĸıδĴơ
δ±Ԫ˧δĽǣһ˭Ҳ޷ӣԸı䵽ܶණˡ
ܿʧȺͬһʱ䣬ӰȺӱ
ϰɣҲȥԣ
Ⱥǣע̹٣Ҫ̹µԶֹһֻ۲˰ʱЩȴԱ߹۲˺üʱ
ѧǲܴ̹ٵģԭΪҲûʲôϣԾսѾ˵̫ˡ

岢֪ɽϷı仯˿̹ע
δѾ仯һѵӪӡеѾкܴĲһ٣ûôӵܼ
ΪԼĹϵܶණѾòһˡ
ΨһֵҵǣӦģѵӪյҲࡣҲζţԼδӰɴ˱΢΢
ЩԭӦóĴơǡȻ
ֵο飡
ΡȻɽϣӿ˶ѰŽ̹٣ſ飬עȴȺУĿⲻϵѲ
ͻȻȺһתתȥӰע⡣˱ϱһ󹭣ڼ֮תתȥƺ֪ô졣

ͻȻЦǱ־ԵĴ󹭣Լһ˵ѵӪһλէΪĵطǳƫǵһνȫֲɽվڵĽͽ̹֮ʲô
ڻ˴ѵʱЩ֮תתȥһЩ˵Ҫμӿԡ
ЩѾˣǲǽ̹٣̹پɽϣλֻǴӵײĽɽԸһطĽȻЩ֮תתȥ
ںѵӪϴΪЦ̸˲ٵЦ
ȻͿλʵȴֳЦȫǳɷȡǱ󹭣õ˵
֮Уλ֮⣬һ׼ɽϵϵƻĹӣҲսϬӪ
˻ڲӬתӣ΢΢һЦܿȥ
̨֪ôƺ
߹ȥ߽˲ŷ֣˴ԼʮңϴһƤ·ȫһɽ˵Ĵ硣
£³²ãǻ϶ةƼҹġ
Իһľִ١
Ȼ
Щ졣ûдˣӦɣֶˡֻǣû뵽λȻԻ
ֲԱô˾ҲȥʡӦƽʱٺ˴򽻵
ҲμӿԵĽ̹𣿡
ʵ
ǣǵģҲ̹ǲѾˣ
˵󣬳²öˡ
⻰㶼ЦһλͨǰĿԣӦ֪һŶԡǵһγԶţⷽ޾顣
ǺǣİɣԽԶɣ㲻ҪμӿԣҴȥɣ

̫ˣ
ϲһĸмѵӪ⻹ǵһˡ
Ҳ˵ɽȥ
ոʵĶǽĽ̹ٶɽȻЩƣǲһġңǴ·ҲǲһġǼУȻ̹Ҳдеģ㿴Ǿ֪ǲһġ

²һȻӣ̿
ں棬²ƺһжܺ档ЩţֳЩЦȻˡ
ǹɡѧĻҿƼһλ̹١λרŽڹġ

ţã
²붼ûʹӦȫƴӣһŷӡ
ӴһҲǺкøСһλմӴɽһɽҰ㴾ӡȻϢ
ϢȻľͻ˸е׽
ˣ֪ôƺ㣿
²ʲôһԴ
ҽ壡

²ȻվסԾĿǰ壬۾ɵôġ
ѵѵ㣬ǣ
²ÿ壬Ͱͣ˵ȫˡȻɽԻҲ֡
û뵽ָԼԼˣȻ塣
ţ
Ц˵ͷڶʹ¼ԼĺôԶԼĻҪö֮࣬ǰ񲻵ġ
Ҳܹ׵չԼļƻ
ѵӪֻôʱҰɡ˵ҿԽ
²÷Լ
ţţû⣬û⡣
²ͷСףޱȡ


198 պɽ
ǰǽ嶼Լⷽûָá
ԺһЩǰļ˵ȴܹԳ²ﵽߵľ磡
ͳ²÷ֿȺת˼ȦֻصɽǣصɽʱԼԾ⣬ֶ˼Ӱ
ô£
߹ȥʵ
ոߺ󲻾ã⼸ˡʵǿԱ߿ˣԪ߽ϵΪǲңǺһõĶܾ˵ķ
Ծ
ߺǰǰеһп
Ŷ
Ծ˵һľЦ
ûʲôֵģĴҲ١ǸոտԵʱǿ¾һԱߣ֪ܾ˵ķǿ϶Ҳ֪
ԶҪ͹ˡֻԾ˵һ͸оóЩ˲ȡĹذ취Ծһģһ
һʹְ취ûκε̣̽ȻеסһԹۿԾ̹ٵսǲܸôġ
˻ãʵǸҲ߲˶١ؼǸˡҸоо±ȹ㻹Ҫ
Ծһɵ
Ŷ
彣üһ¶صɫԾǿ̹ٽֵģԸҲֿŵˡ
Ծ˵Ǹĸоˡ
˵˭
Ǹˣ
Ծһָָ̹˳ָķŷԭԼոջ©һӰ
վڽ̹󣬾ʮɡոտΪԹ۵ѧ
ɫϵϢҲѩһ㣬վȺУȺһ鲻ԽĲһηԶĸо
Χ֮ڣһˣȺԶƿ˵⡣

˫ü˶Щȡ
˷ǳҸоΪԪ˽ףӽԪŽ׵ľ硣ң˺ͽ̹ٽ֣̹پȻסһ£һۡ
ԾӶдһµӡ
Ծʵ֪ģµĸо˵ʵȻͬСɡ
ĵĻԺд˷ࡣ
֪˭
պɽ
ѵӪȥĽУ̳֮Уڵ۹ǿУѵӪϵĿԳΪһĴ֮ţ
һҲֻӵгΪ󽫵ǱʣûܹΪثá֥һĵ۹󽫡
պɽϢһ֪٣֪ѵӪģʲô֪
û뵽Ҳѧ

ʮǵӰɫӣ˵ĸоպɽгΪ۹󽫵Ǳʵġ
ѵӪѧ֮һ
պѵ֧ӣڵ۹սϣƷµһ
ܶٵݶӣݺᣬܶٲĲպɽľӶһѼ⵶һĲȥҽԷһıݣݺ˺ѡ
սУպɽľӾǵйŷɥһ֧ӡ
ѵľս۶ԷǿĳսֶôĲľӶܴݲ壬ҡ
պɽҲһֱܹĲ¹ˣϣûκһ֧ӣպɽľӸӵļᶨ
Ȼϧ࣬ˡպɽԸУԸպʧܡ
Լ¿һպɽ̫䡱ˡֻվҲһͱ˺ܴľ룬һֺԶĸо
仰˵̫Ⱥˡ
ھ棬պɽ˭ͬ͡ѵӪȥģպɽҲûʲô飬
սϣպɽӲҪ˵֧Ԯ
Ը̫߰ˣ߰Ըܱ˵İڵ۹սУû˿ƾԼһ˵ıս֡
岻УպɽҲһ
ԸעյĽ֣
ֻµľӣһʧǳҵսϣ
벻
尵д˷
ǲ˼ģԸЩƵġǡһҪòԱĩ޵һǡ
պɽԸʹȻУԸܰԳΪˡǡ
λ۹δ;ز۵Ĵ֮ţͻȻ֪ôˡ
ˣ
͹ʯϣ̹ڿڣ˵ע⣺
ĿѾǰֻ׼ˣû뵽ˡѾˣ
ǼסˣҽǧԺҾǵʦˡڣùˣǵĿѾˡҴȥϤѵӪ
Ѿǰ֪⣬˷׷ײĿ˵һ֪̹ٵ֡
ԭҲԣ
Щ棬Ծġ
ôˣ߰ɡ
ЦԾ䡣ͷһۣɽϵĿϡϡ䣬Ѿǰôܼˡ
ȻһյҲβˡ
ڣ
ɽͻȻһڣܿ죬ϣ˻ɽ£ֻ̳һɫ̵
ֻһһƥߵС͹⻬ѩ̳гë˷ܵ˷ܵա
ˣСڡˣˡ
ɦŰɫĳëģЦȻż죬ƥȴǳĻãԾҲǳ׽
ԭѾԼսˣòˡú˷ôõԣδĵڶˡ
һعͷŷĿ⣬ɫ죬Ӻ󷽿Լ
ո˵ģǽ̹ǧ
˶ɵӣƥһ֪쳣ǷƷսѵӪԣǺܶĽ顣
ǧҲûж˵кһǰȴܡ
ӿɽդդнػֻл˵ѧʸɽϵӪ
ǧһƣ˿Ĵ룬ɽӪ
ѵӪĸ֣ĸأͷֲѵܡֱ׻ȸ䣬յȼĸߵͣн̹ٵĹֲͬĻءУȸصĻ⣬ûʲôݣҲֵȼŮסĵط
٣֮ԸǣǰǣҪȥ͵ŮӣҲҪŻȸȥ֪˿϶ôɵģ
̹˵ů˲Ц
̹е˼ûô塣
а
͵Ůӿ϶ᱻģⲻҾǵԭȸЩŮرġȻǵʵҲײǻδǶ֡
֪Ϊʲôǧ仰Ծ伸ͬʱ뵽С΢
һ˵ǧﻹǰûš
ˣҴȥϤѵɡҲԺ󣬻ĵط
ǧֻһʴܿʹɽȥ


199 ֣
ѵӪǳ͢Ĵ£ҲʥʹעҪ顣飬һҪ֪ǾѵӪΪ׼ġ͢ѵǣΪھʦҫġΪ˽ͽӪΪ۹Ź֮š
ЩҪǰ֪ġңڵľΪҲ˽Ӵʱ򡣡
վһľͷ׮ΧɵĹѵԵǧ˻
ıֹΪ֣ҲպҪѡְҵӦеݣ
ǧһָѵԶһԱѧֻץһѼǿȻɿݣգ֮䣬ֻʮ֧ܼ꣬
գ֮䣬ʮǿʮֻлŲͬĹ켣ֱ׼˶ʮԶʮͬľˡ
ʮ֧ÿһֻľ֣ûľ˵ڡ
ݣ
ͬһʱ䣬һѧһʮ֧һ㣬Ӳͬķλͬһľˡ
λãȫľ˵Ҫλ
һĻ˶аݡ
ݣ๦ߣٶȶȱ˿֮ࡣЩܿʮ౶֮ࡣ仰ⲫ£ߣһȭԴȭȭȭࡣ
ŵսϣһʵľǹߵĳٶȣڶ̶ʱļꡣ֮Уͻʺ֣Ըľ룬ͬʱʮͷݴбܵӣеĲλȫһģһ
仰˵սϣһգۣͬʱ䵹ʮ񲽱ʮǿһ֮䣬ǻᵹ¶ٸٶ㣬ʮһٸ߸࣬ǵǰͿʼˣ
ȻͻʺϣĹȴǴƵ۹ġ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ǧ˵ͻȻͣЦ
󡢼Уй
ԾһԳ˼ŵ
ΪǴõĹбʿļУ
ǧһ
վԱȴ΢ɲһüͷһɲǣҶϡᵽ¡
⼸ʮóףͻʺ⼸ʮıͻ˴ľغͼС
ôʱ䣬Ѿ㹻ǴĿ׺ͷļͷˡȻԼѾҶá˰Ƹ
ǶǰȥЩѾ޲ȴʩˡ
ҸոսӪǧǹʡЩֻ̣İ
аʡһʵ飬Ҳ֪Ǻã㻵
ܹԸֵģֻ֡Ե۹ӶԹֵֺ
ǧǰ˵
ٶȡ࣬ݶӦǹ֣һϢ֮䣬ͬʮٶȶӦľˡ
ǧǰ߼һ޴ѵУװĿƥս۵糸ž޴ѵرۣѵϰľ׮ܼС
⼸˾һľ׮֮Сķ϶ش󣬵ٶȴһ㶼ûм
ѵõľͣݳÿһζ׼ȷľ׮ͬĲλ
ѵӪвٵĺӣ
ǧվѵΧһľ׮µĺۼͬһ߶ȣͬһλɵһ
һٶȿ죬ȥ磬ǿڶǳˣ
ǧѵһ̹ͻȻ˸ơ߼״Ц
ǧ˵ãʯͷˡԼȥһԼ
ٷϻɻǲɣ
ǧЦȻġ
ˣѧķϣˣ
߰˰֣˸εƣȻеĳǹĵת׼һ
˳ĳǹĿת󿴵˾ʮ⣬һ˶ߵ˶ʯ
óңʯͷ²ǧأ
һǿʯʯչʱѾע⵽ˣʱû⣬ΪĳװΡ
ڿȻϰİӣ
䣡
̹˴ȫųصĺڼףɱɭɭͬ߳ħһ
ս磬ͻȻ֮伱ݶͬһӰ
¡
˻ûзӦԶһ춯صľ졣𶯣ʮ⣬ǿǧصҾʯͻȻķѣҵıѿǧмͬɵգҵıը
һɲǼ䣬˶סˡԣǱըĿ磬żʮɵľ붼Ƥۡ
ϣ
ս˻ɵ̳УһһϢԣ¶Σ۳ʯмӳ£һ㡣
ǧϼǵðһڹѵõڿͷˣ
̹˵һԾľ׮Χɵդ˲Ϣʧɽ¡
˰ɡһԪ׵ߣ£ױԪ˽׵۷⻹ǱصĹơһ׵ţսϳ棬׵ʰһֻ߽ײţ
κεͻʺ߾۹˹ص۹ǶگͬǱߵ֧ʹʳڣеһ֧Ӵš
սϣһƥԺԲƣһ֧ԶκηجΣҲԺսϵв
һֻӴмųʱ򣬾Կ˺κεķ⣬͹һܶԸֻԣڵ۹棬ͬӶ
ǧ
ⷭȴ΢ɲüȴû˵ʲôȷʵܴ
Ƕ˵ʲôɿƵ
ڵĵ۹ͣԸĵزΪ±Ԫ˧ͳ˧Ǹʱ;ʲô⡣
٣ܶԸľ;ֹ
˹ʣµľǲǴľ֣ڿģ
ǧﲢ֪ʲôʱһ·ǰѾߵѵһ
˳Ŀ⣬ھ޴ѵڣ˿˴ѧԱ׽ԣѵսһ
ѵֻѧԱʹõı廨ţ书ҲǸͬսķҲǾһ¡
Թ棬սѵҪḻĶࡣ
ԲóҲóֻҪӵһǿĲУҪ͵ġ֮Уһֱߵġ˱Ͳ̫һˡӺ壬ٵǴƵĲ˵ǿģ
£ǵĴƵȲ˹أȲͻʣǲȴǿģ
ҪסǴƴǵսסԷĹסԷǲ£
һ仰ΧһȻΧ·仰ҲЦ
ȷʵ£ƵĲġǹһããĲӽⲫƴӴһ浹ոˡ
ԣܲȲϹҲȲǴȻӴĲţ
ܽ÷ӵֵز£Ҳֻдˣ


200 ׯϺͳؼң
ԪǰĽǡƤѪ⡢ڸǵԪԺͲͬˣٶȡĹͬͣԺԺսǲֻ߹
ѵӪиֹǿѧϰٶȡ๦ǿѧϰͬʱѧϰٶȡֹ
̰áȻҲûͬʱѧϰ๦ġǶھ󲿷˵ѧԽ࣬Խ
ɡ
ǧ˵кһԽɽѵѵ֮󣬾
ԭɽ¿ģ
Ծʱڵ
š
Ҳ˵ͷĿ̧Ǹɳľ޴ᦡǾ޴ġᡱּĿ
˾޴ʣһ޴Ĺ
ɣ
ǧǰںһ̤Ĺ֮С
߽ȥЩȫø졣쳣ƽͬһ
ڵϣġ
巢֣ȻǵһգѾͨ˵ѧ岼ڵϣʼˡ
ĵ涼ǾģרŵľġÿһλãһСԺÿվͿ޹书طܶࡣ
ǧ˴дж
󣬾ǹˡ
ʮȫװĽһſͺ󷽷ָһ乬ǰ
ѧǰġԪ׵ѧһԪ߽׵ķһ򣬰˽׵һ򡭡ÿ𶼸ͬԺ󣬶ոԵĵȼȥȡùˡ
ĹǾеľ񣬷ŵ棬ǺѧġΪҵѧǺǲһġһԺ֪ˡ
֪֮⣬˶¶ɻɫ
ǧҲûж˵
ǧϤһȦѧǽˡ
Щ˿Ѿ֪Щ˻֪ǻ˵һ顣
ɽһþ޴ïʢĻ£ǧ˽Ľѧ
Ԫ־Ÿ磬ֱԪһ׵ŽסﵽԪףǲſѧϰݡٶĹ
ﵽԪŽףǲţһȦ
ǧһˣһȦɫԪӽ±һȦر𣬵塢Ծ䣬ˣж¶صɫ
ȦУ˶оһĪڵǧ֮ǰûչʾġ
Ȼǧһֱûо
⣬Ԫͻǧ򻯣پʽ
ǧƳһץɫһǿҵԪ籡ǧ۱ΣΪһϸʨΡ
ǧٿԪԪֿʼ仯ɻΣ
Ԫ仯ٿģǵȭŻ߱пԱġԺԪŽ׵ĸһҪСġһĸַǳǿ׶Ըġ
ǧ˵ţһʨκХ䣬ʮ⣬ʯɣ۳ǵء
жɰȻ
ԪŽϣͻƿǾͿԴﵽ侳Ԫۣɹ⻷Ժˡ
ǧЩˡ
𣿡
ǧ뿪ͬʱӰ˹һ
ׯƽ
³Τ˼
ӣ

˲ǱˣǺ塢Ծһͨˣǧµ
ɽµɽϣһֱû˵ֱǧ뿪ˣݷá
ǾׯϺͳؼ𣿡
嶢ˡ
ǣ
˹̬ǳĿ
û˵˴һۡׯϺ;ǳؼǾеĴ壬ʵԶһ֮ϡ
̿ڶúܴ¡ھҲвСʵׯһٶʷӵܱ鲼飬ڸְλھǹɲС
ׯӵԺ³ׯҵڵ۹ҲǼġ
ھǳؼңѷׯҡиֺܶࡣؼҵĸս൱£ǰ󼸺гؼҸֵӰ
ؼģǳؼ
ÿһؼӵܵսʱҶٵĳؼػҡЩؼͳһİٽؼףһ˶ߵ󸫣սϴ󿪴أܹӵоıݣ˺ѿӣƷ
ھǣȻȲĽŵڣһʵҴ塣
ܴǧͨʵ֮ǿҲɼһߡ
ׯϺͳؼҵʵӦǳӪ𣿡
΢۾ڵ
ʵ˵ѵӪԲŵġӸ壬ׯϺͳؼһϣԺܺ͹Ӷ׽
ׯƽͳΤ˼
˵ʵʵڵԾˡ˾ηģӴ
ǽŵڣŹǴĹʥʳţͲö˵ˡұ֮⣬е󳼣Ķ󶼻ķ佫佫
˵ǰǳ粨˿ҵӰ졣Ӱ޸Զӳڣ⣬ٵ硭
Ҵ壬ׯϺΤȻǸеηġεȫԤ¾ŹҵĸڳҰӰ¶ܾúܾá
ҲǾׯϺΤҴ壬ɳӵܣȥμӪǲμѵӪԭ
ʥģ̳¹󡱡ѵǣʮ꣬ǳᣬߵҲûȫΡ
ʱȥϵڼδĪ洦Ҵ壬д붼Ǵ⡣
ⷭʵҲı˱ļ壬ϣܹϵ
λˣ
ЦЦ⣺
ȻҶѵӪֶԽ̹£Ժ󣬴ҶͬѧӦá
˴ϲⷭǱʾǡ
ӣǼһ⡣ϣЦɣ
˴иóһɫĽУһ񣬵һ̡һ̣ѾǴԼˣǴԵļ塣
ĬƬ̣Ҳûоܾн˹
ӣǾͲˡʲôҪܷԸ
˵Ÿȥ
ӣҴ濼ׯƽͳΤ˼ֻӣֻ²ɶŰ
뿪ķԾͻȻڵ
֪
嵭ҴĳŵпɿʵֵûɡοɳĻׯƽͳΤ˼ûʲôӵܡ
ҲԼǡ
ׯϵؼҵĲǺ䡣δսУõʧֻлҴ塢ŷпŽܸı޴δˡ
ѵӪĿģôܾׯϺͳؼң


201 ۹
ȵׯƽͳΤ˼뿪žһ͵ĽСһۻģǵ忴ŵĶ΢΢ɫ
ׯϺͳؼңô񣡡
Ķһ飬ипѡׯƽͳΤ˼͵ΪҲǵҩˡ
ҩȷʵУǳ˵ҩÿﶼһšŵķȴǱȵҩķҪصĶࡣ
ׯϺͳؼ֧ĸϷţ
ׯϺͳؼҵӵܱ鲼ҰׯϺͳؼҵ巢ţͬСɡ
ѾׯƽͳΤ˼ʾô򵥣ׯϺͳؼ͸λӵܣʾá
ǲᰡ
Ծ俴ݹţŵ
ţҲΪˡݴҾˡ
ЦЦȻԾһȥ
ѵӪѵǷֿ
ѵһɽͷž޴˵еĹѵ
ѵܣͬߴͦεɽʹͬȺһ㹰мɽ
ɽ׻ȸĸӪ
ɽϣᦷɽܲ׻ȸľ͵ĵܣǳñϡ
ҲȥӼȥ˭ԸǸ˵סһ˭Լȥ
廹ûйȥԶԶľһŭĽ
߹ȥɽһſڣһͨ죬ŭߣΧӰڸ˵ʲôƺȰƽϢŭ
岢ʶȰ˵Ӱȴʶġ
ׯƽͳΤ˼
Ծһȡ
ȥ
üԾһ˹ȥ
ӣ
ׯƽͳΤ˼ܿ췢壬æתһ
ôˣʲôˣ


˻࿴һۣЩԥׯƽ˵˳
ӣʵ׻ϵķѾˡסƬֻʣ䣬պɽסһùӺλסһֻλͬ⡣
˵ΪʲôȥǸպɽʲô˲ġװʲô°Ӿǲסһ˭סһ˭ԼȥӲ㣡
˵ǳ˵ͻȻһ˦߷תֱӾͽķ
һɲǣ忴һɫЬӡ|׵·ӡ˳
û˻ԼԼϲȽӡһתѾôˡ
λǱ߳˿
嵭
ǱߵλƢȷʵеӣģȥ˵˵
Τ˼дΪΡûɲ˵λ˦һƣϡ
ˣ
ҡҡͷתͷ䣬ͺסһɡȥǱߡ
ӣȥɡ
ԾһĵǡۿպɽԵģλ书ǿҴӸոλԸôദ
Ծ䵣Կ
ˡ
Ծĵģ嵹ǲΪ⡣պɽԸ°ȷʵദǸոλƢ𱬣Ҳʲô̵
ʮа˾ţ»λ˵ʲôǵպɽ֣ϸһţŻܵ衣
ģ㲻õġ
ׯƽΤ˼ҲǴΪ⡣뾡취Ծסһû뵽嵹ܾǵ⡣
һʱ䣬˷֪˵ʲô
ûж˵˴кŲԶȥպɽԼĿǡ
λ۹δĴ֮Ըкܴ⣬屾Ӧôı䡣
ڸã˶סһˡҲö˼ôȥˡ

ﾲĵģ߽ȥûһšĿһƳȴ಻Զһ뷿УһӰϥɫ俢ڵϣһ
Ϣ䣬ͬرһһ־ǧ֮ԶСϢӰ죬䶼ġ
պɽ
Ժһͷ
ֻҪһۣ֪ǸΪʲôԸպɽסһˡպɽڵĵطжεѹ
Ǻﵽͬһ𣬷Ļվﶼ᲻ڡ
ңķΧҲ˺ܲϰߡ
ֲպɽھк˭
忴һۣ˼
ˣ
̤뷿ͬʱϣһպɽƺӦʲô
һɲǣϢֽ˲١
ಣ
ͻȻףպɽһֽƬͻȻ磬з˳
ֽӲֱ絶дȴһ
ţ
üͷ΢壬ӦҲһָ̽׼Ľסֽϸһۣÿһֽдһ仰
мΪߣҪԽ
Ҫң
Ҳϲ֣

Ӳ絶һ㡣м䣬͸¶ζҲģһֲĸ顣
Ȼպɽķ񰡣
аҡͷ
ּ͸ǽдġȻЩպɽ׼ˡ
ûɽǰ׼ЩֽպɽȻв׼
˭յĶɡ

һ࣬յֽպɽ°һվûһ𣬱򿪴ţӷ˳ȥ
̣ϧ仰û˵°ɣ
ɽ׸ĶףҪıԸ񣬿²һһϦ顣
ҡҡͷҲ⡣ӷֽʼд
֪͵Ľ񣬿һ뾡취ѹԸ֪þ󻼡
Ƭ̣ܿдšһبһ
ȫ˳ȥ
һУҲһ
취书ˣ
а
ѵӪʥյ㣬ĸֹ֡Լּ֣𡢱ֵĶ˽
ףԼΪѹȺۡĲ˵պɽԵӡ
˵ѵӪлԼ֪ӡ
谵ĴڣҲ˸ѡ
һλǺԼͬһĴڡڻãڻڽ
һֻܿԼˡ
˼Ƭ̣ܿԼѡһ书
۹ɣ
һžѧ
ѵӪ๦ģѧϰ˵Ȼиõѡ
۹һѵӪѧϰľѧ
žѧһŵ͵ѧҲԼѡĵһ๦ȻףҲߵ
Ƕ˵žѧһնȴǾ䡣
һ۹һնܳɱһնͬʱԭֻܳһôھܹپֵնԱƵ
Ҫǣ۹ֻżľѧŹԽΪʮ۹ʮı۹Լ߼ġʮ۹
ھ粻£žѧܰʵĵز
Ժӹ۹ķϥܿƽ



202 δõͳ˧
תƣ֪ɫ
ʣ
˵Ȼҵˣ
嶥һ䷿䣬ͨ죬ɫŤ͵һȭİˡ
ıڳɹͨ˱ѵӪ
ȱ֪İĲòһĹĸ档൱ͱ̭ɽˡ
ֱۣڵֻʣһܲޡ
ӣһ֣֪˹ȥҪҪ֣ӡ֣ӰǳͷԸ壿
ǽʣµһһԵҲǲˬ
ã
Ժ⶯ܿҡͷ
֣ǱǲŸոմûã֪ǼҵˣҪһ˶ʰˣ֣Ǳ񲻵ÿǣ
Ͷ˽֣ͬˣȵǿˡ
ľܴͨߡҪȻƾֱ£
֣˼ܣ书ǿǹҹŵˡܲһҲԼ
ǣҪȻô죿ѵôˣĿô˿ţ嵱Ŵҵǵˣ蹫ܵˣҶܲ˰
ʹ
ߣȻܾôˡ
һĿת
ҶԸˣѵһԸһСС֪𣿴С㣬СϺף֪һֻϺסұңǾ͹ֲˡҪҶۡ
Ŀ޺ޣܿдһţһֻҹֱʦȥ
֪Ȼұѣ㸸׾ͱҸˡ㸸ףһȥɣ
ҹҹߵķһ˿Ĺâ

ͬʱ˲֪ǵĽ̹ǧѵӪһ
λþУȴ˿šɽϵĽҲ
ǧˡ
һƬ谵ûеҲû͵ƣȴһϵ洫ʹϷһϵӰȫףͬһϡ
ϣһϢͬɽʹһ㣬һηĸо
ǧˣ
ǧ˴ŴϷӰһ񣬿óǳ𾴡
ʵϣǧεѵӪϵλ¡ҲԼĶͷ˾
ôʲôջ𣿡
ӰϷ˵
ٺ٣ȻջһΣյ˲ٵĺӡ
ǧ䣬ٺЦѰˣϸ˵һ顣
ѵӪҲǿʥʵǿһԡû뵽˲ٺӡǸպɽᣬǴƷʵھˡҵʮơ
˾ȻӲĴ湥ҵķ֮ȻҶоЩܲˡϻһָ
ʵ̫ߣܰҶƳҪһɳδ
ǧ˵һľ̾Ȼպɽı֣ȷʵӡǳ̣ҪȻô˵
ͻʮָܴ㡣ȷʵǾˡô˵յѧΪˣԺʹɣ
ϵӰڵ
ϣͷλô˵ǧﷴͻȻĬˡ
ôˣʲô𣿡
ϣǵϵӰ΢΢Щǧɴ䣬ôԥǺټģķ
˵պɽԸҸокܴ⡣վԱߣо⺢ģǧ֮⡣վñԶԶġɲʲô¡
Ҫѡεģսϵͳ˧֮ţʲôͨͽͶΪͳ˧һҪͬš֮ĹϵеľЭһܽһģսۡ
պɽԸ̫䣬̫ദҿѳΪսһµͳ˧֮š
ǧԥŵ
Ȼᾪ̾ѡǧպɽżһ棬˵仰ǿ׵֣ǾȻ׼ԤԳպɽδ·;
Ը°ദȷʵǸ⡣
˺ĳĬ
ЩӻᣬδǿԸı䡣Ϊԥ𣿡
ǣ
ǧҡͷ
Ŷ
£ˡ
ˣ㻹ǵڽڶʹ¼ֵ÷зһȱʥʹؽӵ𣿡
ǧ
֪һǻȭȭ֮ģȴҲǽŵڣûû˾Źͷ
ȻӡҲ
ھҵ¡
ǧɴžͰѺս飬ϸ˵һ顣ڶʹ¼ֵ÷зΪȴ֪ǧڼĵһۣûڣѾ
ֻǧûнưˡ
һǻȭȭ֮ģ˲׵Ϊʵ˳⡣ȻպɽҲ൱ˡ
ϣϵӰȻۺܸߡ
ˣҵĸо㲻һ
ǧüͷλ£ɲΪ˵Լѧ
һǺȻ˵ֱҵĸоȴȫǡû˵ֱܴﵽֵز
ֱǱڵΣգֱԷʽеֱҲĲ׽ܵսֱԷԪԪڲҡ
ˣҵҲʮָôãǵһʵսԪͻ³˰ġҺֻ䣬սͻȻôģҲ֪ʲô³
ǧһء
ֱŪȴ֪ǧϺɣʵϣǧͿˡ
ܹʥʡ֮͢ѵӪѡͳ˧֮ţǧôô׺Ūġ
̫ˡ
ﾲĵģϣǵΰģɽ纣Ӱһ㣬һһ¶˼ɫ
ʮָǾжĽɱѧȻǧѹԼΪûʩչȫʵⲢ˵ʲô
ǧᵽ⣬ʵѹûѹΪ޹ء
ַܹʽǧڵԪͻֳֳ͵ôҲһܹͬķʽǧչ¶ȫΪʱͬڵԪͻֳ͡
ֶΪ޹صġ
ѵӪǽ̹ѧ֮Уֳһ£߱һ޹ؽҪġ
ǻսϣôһһͣǾ·һˣ
ȷ𣿲ɺϣ
ãֻϵ
Բǣ
ǧ֣ص
ǣ޷ˡҪڵʮͻʵϽһʮСôõɲдӣһɵģ
ҲеԾˡ
ǧ˵ɲС¡ϣͲܡպɽ»˳Ծ
ڴ֪Ϊʲô˰ɣպɽȻĶ֣ǻԿġǸ塭ڱҲܴﵽһ˼ͼ㣬Ҷûʲôܽˡ
ˣδõͳ˧û֮һ
ǧ֣ص


203 ҹϮ
ﾲĵģȻҲ˼֮С
˼ǣ
ϣ˵Ŀ̽ѯǧΪ̹٣ⷽǧȻзȨ
ǺǣҲûһлҵĲ룬ңڲŸոտʼѵӪĵһ죬ôԺ󿴿֪ˡ
ǧⷽĺܡ
ҲáѵӪĵһ죬ռϢһҾ͸̷ػʹˡ飬¿һֱš
Ц
Ǻǣ¾͹ʹˡҲҪȺСӼӵϡѵӪһɲʲôƵأĵطҵѧ͵־򡣡
ǧҲЦ
Ū̫ˣ
ҲǧﶺЦˣȻҲ֪ķ
ס
ǧﱧȭȻ뿪˴
ǧ֮ǵӰҲ뿪ѵӪ

ʱ仺ĹȥѾȫˡ
ϥڵϣһһɹɵԪ糱ˮӿֱͣۡԼ貿ľ硢Ѩλȥ
Ĺ漰Ĵ󲿷ֱֶۡȲλѨҾ󲿷ֶȫµľ硢ѨЩ硢Ѩ࣬Ҿ󲿷ֻĹغϡ
۹֮ĸ߼ѧҪѨλԶ๦Ķ࣬൱һ飬ʱַ
ѡһšٶࡱľѧ漰ξѨ͸ˡʱ򣬵ҪͨѨͿܴﵽ֮ࡣ
͵ľѧһ漰ôѨ̰ãѧϣһӶͣͲǰˡ
Ҳǧ粢侳֮ǰͬʱͬʱѧԭ
岻һʥʹ͵öҩһֱûԡׯҺͳؼѪԼŵҩĿˡ
ңԼÿ»ָܴõŻʹȺʦƳⵤҩ
ֵŸͬʱѡ࣬ѧ
۹ѣǿ󣬺һնϣܳɱ
ʥʵĵҩԣųʱš۹
Ȱ۹СɣȻ̷ҩҩҩ˫۾硢Ѩ۹ɡ
а
Ԫ۹һָѧǷ侳ҲǺǿľѧˡ
ҹĻ֣׻ɽ㾲ڡ۹У˿ʱš
ǣ
֪˶ãĶͻȻһ죬ͺ˲֦ϵ
ֻһ£ͣˡ
ţ
һ͵ҹ˾ʱǺܿɵġ
ңԼסķ仹ܽ
ϸǷ⾲ĵġֻһ¾ʧˡ
֣ѵ𣿡
Ȼ
ģûеơϸԼ֮⣬廹һޣƳպɽ
֪ʲôʱģҲûеơһ֣պɽƺҲʲôںԼһϸ
飡
ͻȻ֮䣬һ촫ͺʲôײ˷һܽƺڸڵĵط
žһĴУ̣ںڰмĿ
䣡
һ΢΢ɫԾ䣬ȴǰǷžԲպɽסĿ
Ծסһ𣬺ʣǱ߳ʲô⡣
ˣ
һݣӵϵŴŵķݹȥ
𣡡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬嵽ſڵʱͻȻ֮䣬һХҹɫ֮УӰһһž޴Ӱȵɽ磬⻢˶
ϻ
һ΢ҹ⣬ֻ׶೤ԴĸԴ֣ҪӴĳ޻
䣡
ʯ䣬ϸ룬ȭһ𣬺Ǿ޴Ļצصײһ
飬һɾ޴ӻצϴֻһۣɳȥڵһţȥ͵˾롣
ͬһʱ䣬ֻ޻һצأ˫ų΢Ĺâ΢£忴ֻϻӸɱƤһ
һֻꤵĶ
Ժһͷʱ΢΢ɫ˭֪һֻꤵĳԱ״̬ͻҪͣҪйԡ
ոյĽҲ֪ǰֻϻ²Լ٣»Ҫǿ
ңĹҲԼӼӲ
ȻҲСǡ֮˵ǽֻʦϻܺϻȡ
PSܶװϻͱӻΪϻͱȱӴ˶١߱˴˶١ʵϣϻͱ˴öࡣϻ۷״̬Գ245վ˻ҪߵöࡣͼӴ
⣬ͷ­൱ĸ˵ĳͷ­һצĹȥԴﵽ2֣˵ͷǣһҿȥϡ
𣡡
һδƽһ𣬼ϻصͬʱڰ֮Уɽֻ쵾޻Ĵ⻢˶һһңֻϻԡ
ֻϻڰУһ䷿պɽҲվ
ѵӪķͨģмûж
屻ϵͬʱպɽҲͬʱֻ޻ˡһֻϻأֻϻһˡ
𣡡
ɽ𶯣һХڵһ乬ﴫԾǡͬһʱ䣬ƺܵȾֻ޻Ŀͣһֱֻ壬ֱֻպɽȥ
ڰУȷ󣬹âһСɽһľ޻Ѿ˵ǰٶȡݡһǰչ¶ɡ
ңȻҲԹǼı˹ʮɵĿռ䣬񣬵Ǻͻȣμ穣вٵĲࡣ
һʦϻһϻ߸£һ֪
ˣ
ϸ룬ŲʯȻԱһ䣬巿еķѣǻצĵϣڵذҳһ޴ĿӶ
һգǼꤵľ޻һˣβ
ȻʱѾɹߣץסԼʱΪ£ŵϵĳ
ϣ
һԽĳʣڳʵɲǣϢһ䣬һСһնٶͻȻӾ޻צһۣͻȻ˴ء
һն
䣡
ն䣬һ춯صĲҽУĳ͵նͷ
Ԥеһϵĳ沢ûг֡壬ͺնһһӣʲôסˣûȷȥ
ǣ
ԺһͷϻĹ߻ҪӲܣȷѪ⣬ȴѰĹͷһϡ
һûпϻԣһֻצ˸ͬһСɽһ˹ȥ
ǻצ̺¸䣬Ķϡ
岻ҶԿæˣȻһǽϵһѽѽĽʿźͨҲǼʮͭҵĻɫܲۡ
ܶ˾㿴Ҳôע⡣͸һҪ
Ƕ˵ѽԼģı
ﬣ
Ѫżһ˶Ļͷë׵ģڵذϡĻǣȴȫסһ
ȸֽ


204 ǧĽ̵֮
أ
һХɵһͷ޻ʱһߣպɽҲͬɵһͷ޻
岻һպɽвûеǴƵͷСɽľ޻ɱˡ
飡
󣬼忴ȥͬʱպɽ˫һڶͷ߰˰ٽصľ޻ͷɳȥ¡һصڵϡ
һǿʵ
忴һĻҲаݡǺЩ޻ֵģۡպɽȻܽЩ߰˰ٽҵɳȥ
ȻԼҪǿ
ңսķʽԪƻ൱ֱģ͸룬ֱƻڸ
ԣպɽõͽ־ܻɱЩ޻ƻǵڸڶͷ޻֮󣬽ŲЩԣ֮ǰ֤
治δս֮
忴һĻͻȻЩףպսϣպɽƷ˺ѵΪʲôôǿˡ
룬ܿûʱȥ˼պɽˡ
𣡡
ХϯõϵƬ׷һΣдɽζ֮ǰŨֹ
ֻһ춯صĻХһΣȻͷ޻ȿֺͬʱ˹
⵽ô£ôôͻɽϣ
дΪԾ
ᡢѵӪǽȺɽ֮Уɽ֮ж޶ߣʦı棬ǻʼԷʥԳѵ˵Ļܵˣ
ⲻѣָоﲻԾ
룬ͷ;޴Сɽһľ޻ٴ˹һɲǣһָоƺͬʱͬĶ֡
飡
һΣȸֽ֣û㡣һСһնһ˻Ⱥ
һն͡۹ϣеȸֽٶȰһһնĽӰֲֶ
໣
Ѫ֣ͷ޴Ķնɱͷ޻˶Ӹ򹥴޴צӣޱȣҪˣͷ顣
лצȫܹˡһնĪ⣬ǽ˶޷׽
ֻϻȫԺ֮ܹȥ

ȫͷϻԴ󷢣ȴǳ壬ǳһ뷿еպɽ˹ȥ
ҵսϲ˰æ
պɽ֪Ҫʲôһǰֹ˼һ屾ȥùȥˡ
飡
ûϢĻᣬͷͻ˽ǵģǡɡһΣ忴ͷͻ˽ģǷ·һɾ޴ţɽˡ
ﬣ
û巴Ӧһͷͷͷͷͻ˽֮ǰͻһͷͻصʱϷוּľ졣
ҹɫйâһɲǣ忴ͷͻ϶źؼס
ҰϻôܻŻؼף
ٺͿҲóЩҹ֣ꤵͻԲȻ󣬶Ǳ˿ӽǷġ
Խ̹٣
ҧҹɫиˣôɵģֻһˡңΪ˿ؼ׶ˡ
˵²ǧɵģš

Ȼһ䣬һϤĴЦ
Сӣ顣㷢Ҳûõġ͸˵ҵѧǲһġ
ҵѧʲôʱ򣬶Ҫּߵľ裬ʱӦпֵܳΣǵ˵ģԼ˵ġҾҽ̸ǵĵһ̣
ڰУХǧĴЦԵüΪšȻˣǧһ㶼ûʲô߲˼ĸо
ڳֽǣǸӲˡ
ѵӪǵ׼սǰһΣķʱĸоɡˣ˸ǣѵӪġʥʱµּ⣡
һ䣬ȻֹǶ˵ģһͬʱ˵ġʣһܵϮԶֹǡ
𣡡
ǧµͬʱͷ׵ľҲͬʱ̧ͷͬͷͻһס˷ڵպɽĿ׹䡣
ಣ
ͷ޻ݶǳɲǣ忴Щ޻ȻǽŲ
ͷ书ľ޻
ؼף
һɲǣзǧֶμֱ˷ָΪ˶ԸպɽȻͻ
⼸ͷŲͻ˵ûֵܹĵ㻯嶼š
ңǧȻȷʵĹѹûԱ󣬷ֹ˵˼
ЩͻצıˣǱҧлУ˲ǳǧ˵زǿЦˡ
䣡
ϸ룬峤һãٴμˡһնֻһΣ岢żͷͻ˹ȥˣ˿
ͷСɽ³ֵľ޻պɽڶԿͷ޻ڣ˾ͷ޻
ǧֶ˷ָ
һ̣ԼʵţʱҲ̫дһڡ
𣡡
һˣͷͻֳͷһ߷պɽµͷͻͬһͻһȫ塣
𣡡
׻ɽϣХͬһʱ䣬塢պɽԾ䡢ׯƽΤ˼ڸͬʱ˿ս
ٺ٣ܻܲͿԼˡҪ汻ˣҲֲˡ
ʱ˿̣ڵİ׻ɽϣǧһװվһ˺ϱľ޴Ļ¡
£һ޴ʯ
ǧվʯ棬ǺҶǰһһſ
ģι̡ʱʮѾȫĿˡеޣѾȫǧӵǰĹ档
̼ʹǧȴ۾һֵɫ
Щ޶ӹУʥʵԷоҪġ
Ϊˡ̵ԼЩѧǧҲǲˡ
ҪɱˣȾ͵òɱҲûŽǵͳ˧֮ˡΣ취Լɡɲǲô򵥡
ＤҵĴͻХǧȴһ΢Ц
ҪĽ̵ģʲô۸֣߾֣ڲҵսдġ
˹ءͻʣ߾´ʳ֧گֻоľӢܸ֮о۹ķΣ
һȺϻצǶӵսˡǧ
һſݡͳ˧֮ǴĴ
ʱĹȥǧš

һĲҽдԾķдԾ䣬ȴǺԾסһģǸţԸպɽסһ˶֣ͻץ¡
ׯƽΤ˼ǱҲ˲ҽǱĲҽУȻҲˡ
ţպɽķҲƺ
ǧЩĵͷŪĻȺڽܻܲͿԼˡ


205 ĵϮ
ԾǱȽսġ
ⳡҹĻϮֻǵģɱǵġǧҲǸÿ˵ʵˮƽݻġ
ԾķݵĻٵģԵһս
ӣ
ԾѪ죬ȾˣҲֲǻѪѪӷ̤Ծɫţķ䱼ȥ
ԾӷбͬʱһĲҽУׯƽͳΤ˼ķУһͷСɽϻӴصķ˳ҵĶ£ϻһ
ߣȥ
ׯƽͳΤ˼˼ǽԾ棬˷䡣
Ȼҹ£ǧ￴ɫǱɫҰף·ڡֱۡءܶطץЩط¶
ȻܵдպɽҲǧصչ˶
ӵܹȻӵܣΪȷʵס
ڰУǧ˵ͷ
ܵ˱ҪܶࡣǧΪҪһڣ˽ֻƤ֮ˣڸܴҲǺأǧﻹΪġ
һˣȻԤƵҪЩʵҲǸ
ڣʣˣ
ǧĿһŤպɽķ䡣صѧǧǡ谮мӡ԰ҹʱǧǼӵġϡҲġ
ŪֵֻΣ书ؼ׵ͻ
ѧҪ⡰չˡ
պɽܳѧȻסһǧʼͷһ
˶һһļӣЩͷۡʩЧͻۿۡ
ǧܿͷԼˡ
ǾԲģ岻Ը⣬պɽԸ־ҲҪһԸͱһġ
ͷڹһ˵ͬʱԹһˣȵԻҪõöࡣ
ھͿܶ˺ˡ
ǧϸһ󣬷պɽеսҲɢɢӽƽϢˡ
ˣ
ǧһպɽķȥһХضҡպɽķһ󶶶ȻһбƽϢ
ڰУһƹӳճﴰҲӳճӰ
ǧӿŲ˹ȥ
սѾǧһͿĿΡ齡硢ȫķѣǽڶ̮ҳһӶһƵĻצӡ鲼ܣĿġ
Ѫ߰ߣѪɺӣ涼ǺɫġʮͷͻÿһͷһһСɽѻڷ֮С
Щͻÿһͷ൱ˣѻڷУ൱ˡ
ǧרͷؼͻ͵У׶ˣѿڹ⻬羵ͬĻһ𶼱ˡ
÷
ǧ۾գգҲǰԾԼµ͹ˣȸĻҪ
ͻЩؼ׿죬Ӳޱȡ
սϣֻʿװǾȻҲסȸֽ
Ŀӹ䣬ǧܿͷ֣պɽȻص㡰չˡģȴǼ֮ġ
׼ȷ˵˳ɫ԰ףԪЩ󣬸ûˡ
ǧĿǲ̫һ
ʮͷͻôխĿռ䡭Ȼû˵ǣ
ǧüЩˡ
պɽı֣ƵĻҪõöࡣԸˣ𵽾Եá
Խ̹٣
ǧʱһƼžĬĬϢһע⵽ſڵǧ˵ĿͳͳĿǧ
㾲ͻȻЩˡ
պɽҲ̧ͷǧȻûб仯óҲ̫á
ҹݻоѾǿôˡ
ԾһĲѾ˵⡣
ǧ˵ǿЦģ˲ܳɹĻôľǰˡ
Ҳûлվǧǰˡ
塢պɽׯƽΤ˼Ծ䣬һ˫˫ŭȫǧ˭Ҳû˵
һεѹ
ôҪ췴𣿡
ǧܸоõеķŭȴȻں
ܲˣҪ˳ڻü
Ĳųû˵
棬ǧĵϸ˽ˣ֪ڵǡͳ˧֮һĽ̹ٲͬ
ҲϲǧķȻ֡
ҹ˾ʱʮͷͻҪӦ죬ȸֽ֣治һܹ
ЩСɽһľͻҪǿкüΣ嶼
Ǿġ
ңǧѡҹʱߵޣͻȴǲӰġͬʱרΪͷؼͻ
ⶼ˲ԵķΧЩˣȫɱȥģ
ֽѧʵЩˣ
ٺ٣ЩݶԲԣ
ǧЦţҲ
ǣѾǺʴˣҵ뷨ˡ˾Ͳˡ
ѵӪΪʲôǻƵصĵط꣬ѵĵط𣿻ߣһˣѧϰ߼书ĵط𣿡
ߣǣ뷨ϽǾӪսǵ۹ǿսʿĵط
սΪҹӪֻΪʱ򴳽ģֻǼͷͻ书ᣬֻƾűܣƾֱ𣿡
սϣûѡǵĵ˲ֻʮͷͻҲֻǵʵࡣЩ侳侳侳ĵз佫󽫳ǰһնʱΪʱҲһ̹վǰ𣿡
ǧɫ䣬Ŀ⻺Ĵӹ
ҹĻϮı̬ϷҲΪŰɱЩѧΪǣΪǽսϡ
սϷսʱʱпκˣҡû־򣬽Ǿ޷ս
ﾲĵġ
˱ĵŭǧⷭһ˵˻ˡеŭйբ֮ˮ㣬ʧĸɸɾ
ǧĻû˵
սϣֻʮͷͻҲֻĳܷΧ֮ڡδսǧ飬㲻ʲô
Խ̹٣
ҪڣͻȻ֮䣬ͻ
ݣ
һƿҹдʱ򣬸оԶһ̣˶֪Լˡ

һĲҽУһֻϬͻȻΤ˼ļ򣬾޴ķݺݵĶڶ߰ǽϡ
ѪʣΤ˼ɫҰף˫ִ£˲ɥʧս
ݣ
ͬʱһֻһΣǶ׼Τ˼ļ򣬶ֱȥ
˲ɫò԰ޱȡ
䣡
һֻȭ粧磬Ȼ֮˳֧
ſ£
ǧȣɵڶ֧ͬʱǽϵڳΤ˼ȥ
Ϯ
ǧ˳ͬʱҹһĴվڵĽʿֻһ룬ͺ˶ס˲һȻֹ
ҹʬɽ
һɲǣ˶ɫ
һϢĿֲΣͻȻɽ壡


206 ͻ˵֣
û֪ʲôǾʦѵӪɽй͢Ľػ
ǧķӦ˵ѣΤ˼һ˵ѡڰУҽŹɽڵʿ˵ѡ
ʣⲢʲôǧﰲŵĿ顣
ĵϮ
Сģ뿪
룬һͻȻһն򷿼͵ơ۵һоնϣʱһƬڰ
ݣ
Ϩ͵ƵͬʱһзļХںڰֻһβһ֧ʮֻ飬ӴХ
ݣһֻͷӹǾ޴ͷƤ飬ֺĸо
䣡
ͬһʱ䣬һ죬ʮֻڳΤ˼ԭ챾סĵط¡¡У̳ǽڶǾ޴ˡ
̺Ŀպɽ΢΢ɫ
ſ£ͳͳſ£
ǧԺ֮³Τ˼ſڵϣ̼ޱȡⲻϰǧȷЩŵġ
٣ᰲɱѵӪеĻ
Ҫ뿪
ǧ˶ѹúܵͣһɳơζ
Ǻܿ죬ǧͱ˴ˡ
ҪҶ沢һﰲȫЩͻʵ֣
ƽʱȻͬ
Щӽɹʱ忴һȫ
ļݣһѪ⣬ĵͻṴסѪ⣬ȡ
ǿаγһξһѪ⣡
ļֻбĶͻʺŻʹá
ˣûڵδرﰲȫлʬҰѻʬƵڣûʬƣ
ڰУ㡢򶨣Ͱıֲͬһʮ꣬һɳѪϽ
ֳ㡢򶨣֮иһְŷ
ôˣضǻʬûʬֵʵȫĵط
һѣǧҲɷӦ˹ϻӴ󣬹Ӳ
ȻϻպɽնɱǼӲܵĹȴõĵơ
ңͷǧرؼͻЩϻϵļףǵֵ֧õĶơ
ǧǹңֻŴȺѧ뿪ȴû뵽ﷴȫĵط
ģѻʬƵʹŵܵĵطȥ
ǧӦ
飡
һֻ߰˰ٽصľͻػһס֧ķȴպɽһˡ
廹ǿЩصĻʬȫ
飬պɽһ֣ׯƽԾҲŶˡһͷͻ245ͷͻͰѿһǽȫסˡ
ֹˣһ㡣
ۣһ촫Щͬʱһ
֮ǰϨƻľٶ˹ؼáЩͻʵֻܲäİ취Ǵ͸ǽģȴʬס
Сģͻʵֻ䣡С䣬Ҷ㵽ʬȥ
˿Ҵ⣬һͷؼ׻ȶ㵽˻ʬ档ЩͻӴʹ˿̳õڻ棬ȫ֪ÿλڵûһ¶
Ծ䡢ׯΤ˼Ҳͬʱ߻ʬ档
һιͬǧ֮ǰݻֹÿ˶ӿŵŨҵζ
ݣ
һͷƤƺǻӦһΣʮ֧
ЩǴ϶£Ȼݶ컨壬ֱڵϡ
һΪ䵽֮󣬼βѣ˺²ѡ
Щ֧̫ˣѣǰ㵽ʬ棬ͱˡ
ڣ¼ܼҲ̩ɽ˿塣
ǧ֮ǰϮ˵ͻʱЩʬõı˭Ҳ벻ġ
ݣһ֮һһʮ컨ϱֱ֧ĴΧ鲼䣬⣬д򴩵ǽⶼڡ
ļ֧˶ҲѡѣѾ˶Էļ֧Χ
ûеطڱΣǺĽⲨ꣡
ϴ֮ƺȷв棬ԷĴܿ뿪
Ƿÿ˵ɫÿ
ͻ֡Ϊʲôͻ֣
ؼ׻ʬ棬Ժд˷ޱȡѵӪǵһû뵽ȻͻʵҹϮ
ѵӪвٵĽ֣ǿӲ壬ȻءȻû뵽ԷȻʹս
ͻʵָͲʹýսؽ׻ķΧȫԸľ룬ɽͰ׻빥ķΧ
͢ɽϰŵЩǸв˶ǻİӡ
ĻֹЩ
ϱӣû˵ѵӪܵͻϮ飬岻֪ǵЩ鱻ѹˣûдȥ˵ΪԼԭʹδֲ˱仯ԲųЩǰûгֵͻ֣
ѵӪʥյ㣬ΪΪԺ͢е˲š鲻ֹǳ͢ӣͻ˶ע⵽ˡ
һƬء
͢ѵӪӵܣҹ壬ĹӵѡӢѵ
ô飬ǰδйΪƵǱڵ֣ͻʲܲע⡣
֪Լˡ
ڣ嵣ĵǣû˹غ͸߾۹ǵע⡣
Խ̹٣ѵӪж֣
ŻʬԺмתͻȻŤͷʵ
ʮֲңǷֲĸء
ǧпɬޱȡ
ǧ˼ܹԸֵֻ֡ѵӪŸոյһ죬˼̹Ľ̹ٴﵽֵļûפ֡
鱾ͲѵӪķΧ
ѵӪһʼķ򣬾Ƿֹˣ߱ĵǱӪء˭ϵͻ˾Ȼɳּ
ǧȻʵףǹϸ衣Щָ֮ް취
ݣ
ڰУ˵Ĺգ쳹ءڰУֻҽڶҲ֪˶ٵͻ֡
һֿһ֮ڸľ룬ʮ֧ʮһ֧
ֻҪʮ֣ͿӪɰǧĹ׻ķΧ
ϢӰΣһɲǣÿһ˵ɫѿ
κ𩣬ֻܿԼˣ
нѡ
ÿ˶ԼϵˡѵӪԾ䣬廹һĵ˾κ𩡣
ѵӪΧѵأ׻ȸ䡣Ҳ֪κ𩱻䵽ĸɽͷ
ͻ˼ȻϮزֻϮһ׻塣
ֻڴκ𩷢Σգּܹܲ긲ѹ£õķˡ
໣
ͷתʱ򣬺ڰͻȻһҰԵĺУ߿ĺɽ֡
ҰԵĺУ˲ɫ
Ǻ
ҲһֻǵĺУɰǧȺĺУ
һźţЩ˾ֻڷżô򵥣Ҫɱˣ


207 ˼Բߣ
໣
һǺ𣬽˷Ǻ֪ٵȺڰ׻Χ
ʦûôȺģѵӪ뾩ʦжʮɽУΧҲôȺ
ͻʲԭǣ
ɫޱȡЩǺԾۻ룬ȫ£ֻһطܳôȺ
Ǿͻããԭ
ЩȺӴ󣬼߹ԡʱ䳤УһЩͻʸֽѧЩȺ
ǰͻʵսУֹͻٻȺս
ͻʾԽ߾͢ûеķһͷͷԽ߽磬Ǳؾ㿴ˣҲע⡣
ȻͻʹһЩСС
ˣͻ׼ʹȺɽ
ǧɫѿޱȣȻҲ˹ȺɽϵؾԶԸϺڰеͻ֣˵ĴͻǳΣգпܱͻȫɱ⡣
ѵӪĵһ죬⵽شڵ۹Ǿ޴Ĵ
ΪѵӪеĽ̹٣ǧ˵Ҳ޷ܵġ
Уұóȥ
ǧļ٣棬ƿûжڣ⵽ͻֵĻԴ
ʱǧ˲ôˡ
Խ̹٣ټٵ֣
ʱһͻȻСһȻ侲ѵӪͻȻϮκһ˶Ҫš
ӵδ۹Ľǣκһ˵ǵ۹ʧ
ҪǣδҪı޵ˣ廹ҪЩ˵
Ϊֹ廹֪ⳡϮǱͷģΪԼԭ򣬴ʹ˷ı仯
һ֣嶼ԼƤ·
Լܾۼ߸֣
ǧﲻ֪ʲôʶĻش壬ӡ̣㣬侲򶨣ܹΣ֮зոûʬܼ֤
ҵѵӪＸ𣿡
ʵ
ʲô
仰ǧһ𣬶뵽ʲôŤͷ塣
ɢΪսϵĴɡױǸơڣֻ취ټǼɽϵ֣а취
侲
˶岼ѹڰ׻ĸطΪ£׻ϻвٵĽҲû˿ûз֮
Ψ֮ƣҪĿǰľ磬ֻпǼֵĽ̹١
ûУǾۼһĿ̫󣬺⵽ЩͻֻԵĴ
ǧѾȫͼ
˲ˡۼһ⵽Ⱥۼһĸ졣

ǧҲǼоĽˣһ棬ԡѪսһӵо顣
֪ˣͽ̹٣ɽϵ֣ʱڣܼϵˣ
ǧȻǽ̹٣ҲôܵɽϵĽȨȫһġ
ǧֻЩƽʱˡҲܽʡ࣬ΣķĻʱ˵仰Ĺ򣬾Ϳܱ˶ϣһغˡ
ಣ
ǧһݣ嶼ûʹӷ˳ȥˡ
ǧһߣֻʣ塢Ծ䡢ׯƽΤ˼պɽԣĿһɨŷպɽ֪ʲôʱǧһ뿪ˡ
һƬžûǧڣ˶Щ
ӣǸô
ڰУׯƽ壬дһ˿Ϊׯеľӵܣׯƽûм档
һȫͬٶʮ֣ѵӪһƬԨ
ׯƽоǿҵΣա
ѾǸּľɱˣսׯƽҲֻһӵܣﾭֲҵս
ʶʲô𣿡
ʵ
мӵܡҲ֪ǲǻš
ׯƽ
Ǻãȥ취ǴΤ˼ʱΣա䣬չһҳȥ
˵ţ˷Ӧһݣһеġơ˳֮ǰͻȱڴӷ˳ȥ

ɽХӷȥһ硣ɽͣһǧٿף΢ҹ⣬忴ӽŵɽףããһƬ͵Ⱥ
ǺХҽеĽͻƿһƬѵӪΪһƬӪء
ԤгʵЩȺǶԸɽϵĽġ
ЩȺм䣬忴һЩͰɣټӰ
ȺбɣﵽһͷͻǵıϣЩȺͺ㣬ﵽϣûйǡ
ŶӴ
һ󼱴١ҹɫдⲻͻ˵ԣͻҲʹ˫
߾ˣ
ԺлһͷĲ²ڵõ֤ʵѵӪֹͻˣͬ˵۹ĸ߾
˫ƺѵӪиоΣա
ͻ˵ϸ߾˵ʿټãã纣ӱµĲԭȺһεĽѾ׼
һɲǣѾˣܵϮľֹǰ׻壬ѵӪȻļѵӪ
ͻôĶ͸߾˶ˣֻɱˣѵӪҴһ
Щ볹׵ĴݻѵӪ
Сģи߾ˣ
һĴлҹգûԶһ֧䴩ͷʺֱֻ䴩ͷغأһڵϡ
ɱ
Ⱥ˶еĸ߾ͬɱɽͷɱ
ݣ
һֻԶһ߾ȥﬣǸ߾˷Ӧܿ죬ʶһ˳Ծ鷢ˣƺϵ߾˻ôһУһΣ۵һ߾˵ĸ첲С
С
߾ø߾һ䣬͵Ļعͷһ۳ķ򡣵룬һɽϵĽ˹
Сģ
ڰдһϤԼƬ̣һܼļݣʮƵǵص¡
飡
𶯣̳ʮ⣬һƬܼ̺ʽ档
²ã
ϳ˭ȻǸԻ²á
飡
û˿ԥ巵ط䣬ץһͷʬ˳ȥصڳ²òʯԶĵط
ۣʬոӳȥһܼ˹
˶ˣ
巴Ӧһ۾Ϳ²Ǳͻʵֶˡ飡һͷڶͷͷֱûʬһʯǱ쵽ߡ
䣬Ūι
ͷ
ЩǵֵסģЩٿڵͻҰǿʵ
һߣ²Ҳ˼ݵһʯ˳ĵ·
󣬻ĵӰһ˹
㣡
²ÿˣһʱϲ


208 ϣ
壬ô㣿
²һľϲ
أô
ʵͬ൱档
˵ˡΪ˾ǣһֶˡǼһǳգܷʮ֧ҲǿʯˡҪ֣ҿҪˡ
²ɫ԰ףĺܴ󣬵Ǿȴܿܣһ㶼ûηɫ
һ֧

һ룿Ŷ˵ܿɡ
²һ˿ɻ漴ЦһɽԻӡȻЦݣ
ǴԵģ۾һҪһҪɽľ࣬Щ۾ԶһҪ
Ǵ峤˵ͱ˲һԼûоȷʵСͿ֮ӵĽ
²һ̹Уƺֱûʲô˵ġ
ӵĽ
忴ǰĳ²ãкݺݵһѡ֣󲽶Ҳ
ǿӵĽ
ϱӼֶû֮ǰ²ÿǰ֪ϮԼʲô
һɲǣ·ʲô²õĿҲȻͬˡ
˵Ҳ̫ǿˣֲϱܳΪ칭ųƴƾ񡣡
忴ǰ²д˷û˱ףȻڵĳ²ûδԣδ֡
Ĳ˵¾ѾЩͻʵ֡
֪˶𣿡
ʵҹһƬڣЩٲ֮ҪŪ˶ٵˡ
ܹʮ֣һʮ˸һʮУߵʮһʮĸϱ߰˸߰˸жɽŶٶɵ
²üǲ˼ֹǱ˶ԷԷķλԼصֶ˳
Ѿ˵ˡ
²õѾﵽ似ĵز

ܿ췴ӦüЩ˲ͻ𣿡
ͻˣ
֣һȺʮֳԾͻʺġ
ǴСͻ˵ִ
Ҳ֪ʲôˣǵʽԲһһʹõһˣֻʹôֱķʽر󣬱ʹǰ˻Ҫѵ
²˵ȡһ֧ϼһۣһεļͷرķ
𡢼β²նˡʣµļˣ忴ڵı־
Ǹ߾˵֣
彫ϼ²ãһƬء
߾˲壬Զûͻ˶ࡣǸ߾Ĺֱͻ˻Ķࡣ
֣
ɵرߡǼǿӲٶ졣󲿷ֵĹֵļڸ߿ǰľܶ㿪
󲿷˵ĹѶԵв
Ǹ߾ֲܴͬɵж߶죬ǶܹУ߾սУеľ
벻߾˾Ȼֶɹˣ
üͷ
Ƚ²ãöҩˡ
һöָĵҩոһҲˣ²õļֱĹ죬ȻڿйճΡ
Ԫļֱġ
²ûƴǣžȵˣһʱѾ£ˣԼˡ
˵Ѿһˡ
Ҷ·ˣ÷ľ塢ľƳˡ䣬ĻʬһС͵ķºܿҪֵսˡ
ʱȣ滹Щ赲֪սʱܽ뵽
ó
²һ֪٣ˣ˼ɽ֣Ի壬αװЩǻ
š
˵ͷȻٹ
бҶǸ֣˭ҲǶ֡ע⣬һˣͰ˳ܻܲͿԼˡ
š
˭Ҳû˵ʲôĬĬĿ塣⣬ÿ˶ϣиĹǣܹԼʩġ
ʣӹְ
⣬ɱҽǺһƬѪζաʱ䲻ֻܻһ򵥵ĺϻͼ
ھձʵеĺϻ֮һ
ʹʷϵκһͳ˧ͬͳ˧Ƕʱ䣬ϻھʵеرձ飬رƵ
ʲôر𰮺ãǺսϳֵǿ֣̫̫ࡣЩߵʱΪԡ
ĺϼҲӦƶҲΪԭͳ˧ľսرǿ
ս־еĶ˵ĶرƵЩսзӼ󹥼ᡢƻõĸ֣û𼸸˻ˡ
һҹϮͻ˺͸߾ãûôӴĶ֣ǰ˺
ȻЩѾеĶˡ
ҹѵӪ뾩ʦʮɽ֮УʦǱ߾ûôϢ
ǾʦǱ߷֣ʱ·̣Ҳ㹻ǹѵӪˡƾѵӪеĽԵסʮ֡߾ˣԼȺĹ
ͻʵ˵սֵ÷ӵ˼¡ѵӪΧ֯һƬ
֪ЩЩʧˡǵ͹ѵӪǧƵѧ
²þһõӡ
̫δĽˣֻҪõĺãͻʡ߾˵ⲨԲǲ߽⡣
ˣҼס˳ʱȣҾɲá
˵ŵһϵķȱ⣬ǺѾомֻͻ˹ˡ
໣
һֻ޴ͻݣĿ׺ݣȷֳڷ塣һȻ˹
ͣ
һֻڿնͻʲԭǻûͻȻһΪϡ
ǿҲȲͻ͡һΡ
Ըͻ΢ЩǶԸͻǸᴵ֮ȸֽķûʲôֵܹˡ
²õЧʺܸߣܿ죬⣬д۾ܿĵصĵط˺ܶˡ
²òֹ·˴ʹü˵ȷֹңһΩΩФ
ⷽ棬²þ츳ġ
˸ո۵Ͳڶ
ֵĿԶˣҲԶԶڳˡҲ޵еġ
ľȻǿڲ֮أͬĶĿҲơ
ңڰҲͬӰá
ôԶľ룬Ҳֱܷ˺ͼˡ
ǹ˵ĿʱҲͬע⣬ǵļ֧
²ԼĲáԾǱߣׯƽҲͬԼ
壡
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬ʧǧڴͽ̹٣ǰ
еһ̹ٵϣһ˶Ĺע⡣
֣
ǧİѰ׻ϵֽ̹йˡһɲǣжȼһϣ


209 
壬ʲô뷨
ǧɫ԰ףѪһȺ˻ˣȫһ·ƴɱġ·ϻˡ
׻ϵ˱˿ĻҪΣա
˵Ǹѧ
ʱŴ󹭵ֽ̹Ҳ˵ˣһ˵һѯǧ
ϢܴأͷǺϵ·͸¶һ飬ĺܴ󡣸ոɽֻԼ֪ʲô
еͻʵּΪжݡЩкХĹдǳġ
ܶԸֵֻֻ֣Լ֪ʲôѹ
ٵڳκһ˶Ҫߵöࡣ
ǧһʾ˵ľ

һ͵ǺͻȻ̮ǽȱڴ𣬵ֻһȻ
㣬ʱ䲻ˣ
ȱڴǵߵֻ߰ͻǵʬ壬Ǹոնɱġ
׻ϵڼ䲻Ⱥͻеĸ߾ڰ׻ϵȫɢ
ͻֺ͸߾˺˫شð׻ϵĻ˲ء
ѹܿ洫˷ڣ˵Ŀⶼϡ
Щֽй⣬˶Ȼڴ
²ã
ûж˵²֣λɽеԻ˹ڵĵ֮ĸ߾˺Ⱥͻֺ͸߾֡
Щڣκһֲ̫á
ʮֶ֡׼һˣһطǧҲɱĽ
ǾֵĿ֮
£
ֽ̹ٴ֪²õ츳оȲѡûһǶĿˡ
Ҫ֮ĵطӲжϳԷľλá
ֵҹҲֱ治ڰе˶֣ǵλá
ɽԻĳʵ㵲ѡȻĻǾϲ
˼ˡȷʵǺܺõıݡ
ֽ̹ٻһܣϵ׶ķ֮ǰĵƹ˴ĹΪײصչ˶
ҲΪˣڵȻĲϣ޵ļ֧ΪĻأòˡ
ûõġƾЩʬסҺǲֻͬһˡֻҪҳ֣ͻͻֵע⣬ʱ˷꣬ûаȫĵط
Ҳò뷨һʱݺͻأǧǱԼȺ͸߾˽Ȼط
ƾʵֻҪһġȫݡǧ˼Ҫöࡣ
Ҳû뵽ҪҸȫĵطȻȫķĵطڰ׻ϸڡ
ƾЩʬȻЩӾͲһˣ
˵е뷨
ʮǧװͻľ޴Ӻܿӽ˷䡣Щӽǽһſ˷˷н䡣
Щյװʬʬɽϴʯʯʱһ׻̵ıݶʱˡ
һɲǣ˰ǧ²ãֽ̹ڣ˿ĿʱȻͬ
²ɽеԻ壬αװ˵Ǽҳ㷹Ǿ²öûȻԺЩӣɽΨһֽ̹һȫݡ
һ˵һڳӳ
ͻʵĹֺ͸߾ֶ䣬и߾˵Ϊ²ã½̹٣һ䣬ǰм
ָмһʽרģֻµӶɡ
װʯʯʬȴǿյġ
һԷֱַãôֱ䣬Ϸֱʱ򣬳²úֽ̹پܼʱĽУӶȫԼ
ǧ֮ǰΪͻеõĶǴִʱЩӳô
ǧ»и˵ѧȫķ䣬ټϵϵѧˣ
ܻͣҲֽ̹ٹЦһ˲١֮ǰɽǱѹŴ
ƵطһоͽȻͬ
ֻ˾ͿˡһͻЩͻֵע⡣ͳͳ뿪ɣ
ܻдãչһѼѾ˳׼
ׯƽѳΤ˼м˸
һ֣˸ɴ뿪
Ȼ뿪Ǽ䷿䣬Σࡣܻзע˷ȫࡣ
֮ɽϵЩȺ͸߾ˡ
ߣǵ֮ǰ˵սԣ
峸Լȸֽ󲽳泯ȥһȺ˲ɢߣγһΡ
ֳһжĽһĻҲס߿һۡ

һ䣬ͿĿȺЩȺʵԲǿ廹κһ˶ԵӦԡ
ͻʲԭϵȺǿʵǿȺƣͬˮ㼯ųˢȥ
壬Ծ䣬ֻڵһ˵£κһ˶Σա
ҲȰǧﵥһ˳ȥԭ
׻ϵѾ൱ˣ᾵ɽʯϣʬ塣ǧֻڷﵢƬ̵ʱ䣬ɽϵѾǼתֱˡ
ɱ
˫սˣԾӵĳɱΣɱȥ
أ
ʮͷͻʲԭһͻȻ˶ȥ̵ҹɫ˸󺮹⡣
ͣѪ֣һڿڵ𣬽űһͷͷʬӿе£׹˵ϡ
ͬʱ󣬰һХʮ֧պɽķХգֱ׻˷ɽжȥ
׻Ψһһֽ̹ڳˣһɲǣʱ䶼ֹһжýȻͬ
ûлͷȴܸоͷƬյı仯ܼ꣬ʼմͣͻȻ֮ϡ˲١
еһж·ɲǼͣ
Үͻ֣
ͻȻһ󱩺ķﴫƲס˷ܣ΢΢Ĳ
²ã
ǳ²õ
û˻ͷ˶֪սЧսڣЩڰУûɭͻֵһγ
˶һɣоеѹ˲١
ɢ
û˿ԥ²ɲǣԥ´ǰ壬߾ȫԶ²úܻڵ
ݣ
һͷƤ쳹أܻ͵ļȥã飬ߴǧļ飬˷е˼ȫûܻͺͳ²ڵ
һɲǣܻͺͳ²ڵΪͻֺи߾ֹĿꡭ


210 ѩ
սЧ
ļ긲ܻͺͳ²õķ䣬мһļ꣬ݣһȥ׻ΧȺɽͻȻ֮䰲ࡣ
ֺ֮սǵƴһֺһȺ֮սҲǱ濴
ܻӵһȫݡɱ֮һεͻȻ֮ڰ׻嵮ˡ
׻Χ֮Ⱥɽ֮Уһӱð
ܻ͵ͳ²ó˵츳һѵϡ˷ʮԭ޼ɵͻֺ͸߾ڱðࡣ
֪ԼĻˡ
Ǳߣ
ʮɿ⣬һ类ԹᴩĽ̹٣ɫ԰ףԵڵϣΧԼʮƵʬ²ͻȺ
ʮֻȺԴԴϹΧ˼ɱĽˡ
û֪˶ãǲ԰ס麹Ҳóʵĺܴ
ͣ
塢Ծ䡢ׯӵܣһɵСͶѸٵĳɱȥ׻Ľ̹پ
õ˵İ̹ٵɫԺÿࡣ
ֵܼס𣿡

ԣ
̹ٿڵֻоǰĪ⡣һƬҵİ׻ϣһ֧Ƿǳ۵ġ
ûж˵˵ͷһѣԼĶ顣
һ̣̹һֱڶطһʯʯ棬һͬͻʼ˲ᡣ
ŵѪζȺΧ顣
ɢȺߵĽͽ̹Ѿﵽ
ĳ㡢š侲ɹЩͽ̹ٵΡڣѾһɿСΧʱֵˡ
һ߾ˣ
ָȺеһ߾ˡ˳ɢ¶һҰԣеѳ꣬ȺѶĽ֧׾ڽںˡ
û⣬ٹƬֲ̣֧סˡ
䣡
ߵ̹ٺͽȷţ塢Ծ䡢ׯƽӵܣ֮ǰԼ󷢶˹
˺սЧֻһУ߾ڸ
ߵĸӵˡ
䡢ׯƽǴȥĿ⣬ɽû˵ıԵѴԽԽáԽ󣬻ղĵطԽڣͻֵӰԽ
ͻȻתͷԾׯƽˡ
ֲ޵еģ
ȻǵĿԸżԶɽһƻϵƻǰ죬ҹ̫෽ӰĿˡ
Ѿеķ֮һ
ϣɽԽ˾ԽΣաʵǣͰĺڰγɵĶԱȣʹðԽĺڰӰ
ѵĴڣʹֲڲ⣬᲻ԾܵӰ졣
Ҳ˲
ֻҪԾĲֳ嶯ܵϮĻʾͻ࣬ĻҲʹࡣ
ģȥ
ׯƽԥ
һ˰ķԸܿȥ
ҵ󷨣Ұλ
ڵϻǸ򵥵θ̹ٺͽڡ
ˡ
˶˵ͷΪսƵģⷽԶԾҪܿöࡣ
ͽ̹٣ǰȥ
ûԳ֣ǽЩ׻Ľͽ̹ٵԶ٣ϵĹЩĸ߾ˡ

ۼһɽϵĽͽ̹֮ѳɣߵĽԽԽ࣬
ͬǰ漸˲Ľ̹١µЩ󲿷ֱǿս
ڰ׻壬ǻ۵ԶսǿĶࡣ
ռ
һָǰɽʱͿ׻ΪҪҪء
ҪػǣֻҪռҪأܽϮĵ˿ռ伷ѹСԷٶ࣬Ҳڲֽš
ָľǵһطλλɽϲм䣬Ȼ˵һʧ
ֻҪռһùȺڵԷߣһĹǽڣѸܵϮС
˵˳²úܻ͵Ǹ䣬طȫľݵ֮һ
Ҷ˵
ʱµ̹˵
ĳȡ˺ܴġ˾Žͽ̹٣ԥյˡ
أ
ľǻ˶ֿͣЩȫֵס˵ĽŲֻɱȺеĸ߾֮˳ռ⴦Ҫء
⴦ҪߣǸߴʮɵĴǽڡͽ̹ٵĳ֣һ齸ʯ֮С
ԭԴԴϴɽűͻȺͺһʯһܵ˵
ȺǱܵĸовȺŴ˷ݵ˹ǰȴ׷׵ء
ηҪãʮϰٵȺһͺӿ˺ӵÿһֻа˾ֻͻ˹
˰Ըǰģмվ֧Ԯλÿһһζڵ档
ĵΣΣʹȺ࣬ƽÿֻԸֻͻǶѡԽʵԸͷͻǼֱǿвˡ
һͷһͷ˵ڵϣߵ̶ʱڣʮֻС
ȴ˶ûС
˿λ֮ɽȺ٣ʹɽϵĽѹڵõ˴Ϣ֮
ƶʱö԰׻ϵԽתˡ
һССĸı䣬ȻôЧʱʹ˶Խŷˡ
ӣô
һ̹ٿ
طԲܶ
üͷ΢΢˼Ƭ̱µ
еʬҪһ£ߵķ䣬ԼܵĹϮѹ
ѾûлʬˡʬȻȲϻʬֻҪ࣬ȫߵĹ䣬Ͼһµıݡ
ܹﵽʱģ
˵
սжһ⡣ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬׻ɽϵսѾ֮ǰȻͬˡ
еļϡ࣬˷ЩͻͻȻ֮䶼ȫͺʲôɵһ
ɽϣûȺڻЩ߾˫ߣʱҲӲ֮ǰôǿвˡ
һУǰѲϵ
ۣ
̧һߣһͷͷʬʱ߽˸ķʮֻǶʱЩԭտķġ
ͬһʱ䣬ڰһ޴𣬽ǵڶ
ԾׯƽǱҲˡ
Щ޴Ļ˰׻ɽıԵشͬģҲһεģĺڰƵط
ɽϣâղĵطʱԽĺڰˡ
ģ
պɽķУ²ÿǺڰĻ⣬ʱ۾һͷ󺹣ΪܻͣҲһɲǣ¶һ˿Цݡ
Щⳡ֮ĽУԽӵˣ
ӡѾҽˣ
ڰУǧһѶͷϵĺˮͬźڰ¶һ˿Цݡ
ѩһǧû뵽һѧô΢İ׻УѩЧӦ
Խ̹٣㣡
ʱһڶУڰԾ䲻֪ʱǰ


211 
ڰУǧʱҲһպɽķ֮ȻɽϽ˵ڶݡ
ʬ䷿䣬ѶֹڻȺΪԼıڶܣ˼άпգ֮ǰװʯǧﾪһѡ
ǧԾģ£֡
ҲƬ̵ĹھȻѾ£˽ʮͽ̹٣ʮѧ
ôˣ
ǧеЩԾˡ
ңǧﻹ֣ټЩ˲ĸΪսÿڵλãĳֹɡ
ս󣡡
ǧһ۾˳
ַʽʹöʮͽ̹٣Լʮѧ۳һ壬ЭͬսӳʹÿٵΣв͹СС
ַʽʷӳԶ⼸ʮ˵Χصʬһ߾߸߾˵ʬõ֤
ӦϽģ
ǧԺһͷǽ֮ţĸ׾ߵѧԨԶֱȻ֡
壡
ǧ˹ȥɽХڰе꣬ɫ΢΢Щ԰ףɫ൱򶨡
̹٣
عˡ
ʲô£
ǧ￪żɽ
ڻһս֮𣿡

ʲôƻ𣿡
ǧ
š
˵ͷ̹٣취ڻɽڽ£а취ɱЩͻʵĹ𣿡
ڸҿЦµľǽȻǱʵҲ޷ЩսıᲢܹۡͻƵߣΪǵʵ뵽ֱľ𣿡
ǧü΢΢ЩáΪʲôƻȴ顣
ڵǴ򲻴ùЩֵ⣬Ǹûܹɽγƣ˾ֻаѡ
ңԷȻбͲܲɽ˭ʱ뿪±ضܵǼʮͻֺ͸߾ֵȫʽ
ûܹǧ
̹٣Ҹ㣬а취㰲ȫɽأ
峤裬ɽͻȻЦ
ĻҾ;ԿԴЩַ
ǧ͸һɱ
׻⣬ûڱΣɽ֮·ܵɱͻϣɽ֮У׶ľɽʯʱ򷴵ЩţٷӲˡ
ǲܵġҲ˵˵ѡɽͻǵķ
ǧҡҡͷܿع
ǺǣʽȻУ㿴
ȻһЦȻһָںҹָһ
£
ǧһסˡָķһݣ⣬ǾһƬ¡ȥ
ĳЦ
ȥ
ôߵľ룬Ҳɡ
Ұ۲Ҫǣɽ
ûӣһԵյס
ǧʱ˼
ɽûɽ͹۲Ǳһ档
Ϊ٣˲ٵɽϵ£һ·ӡ
ڼʮַ׻壬ЩɽõĶ࣬һɽĽݾһ̫˵ע⡣
ǲɽһԷ˷֣ʱɡϲƽأ޴ܡ
ǧʼ˼Ŀԡ
ЦЦҲͲˣʱԼļƻȫг
ַȫУֵһԡ
ļƻǧﲻüëдΪ⶯ķΣգʵ˼Ϥ
ó岢һʱĳ嶯ȫ̼ƻġ
ҪǣĿǰΨһƾְ취
ļʮͻֺ͸߾֣ɽϵľƾûа취׵ĸĹۡ
һ㣬ǧӵͬĹ۵㡣
Ҫ볹׵ƾ֣ͱ볹׵ĽΧʮ֡

һܵĻͻȻڲԶ𣬽ǵڶܵĻ棬ž޴ĻŤԾм䲻ĵطԽĺڰС
ԾĻ⣬ŤգҲ赲ֵҰ
¡¡
ҲŻͬʱĿں޴ʯӶ׹ȥۣûκεԥһ˷ǹ
ţһʬȥһ긲ѹĲ
֮˷ЩҲʲô֮ǰÿһм긲ѹˡ
Խ̹٣ˡȥʱ֫׹һʱ䣬öϵʯ赲׹ٶȡһȥ֮󣬼żʯʵ֮ʵֻ֮ҪúãȫԵִɽס
⣬ɽмƥܾս㵽棬ֻҪѡһƥȫߡܰĵִЩͻʹֵλá
սǰ׻ѧֵģҲƻҪһɽϵɽɽܾļƥսֻҪǧõĺãȫԴﵽƾֵЧ
ˡ
ǧ˵㣬ܻڻ׳ʬͬʱ棬˲们ȥʧϢ
Խ̹٣ءܲƾ֣Ϳˡ
ǧʧķܿعͷ
ڻԶǵǧʱ⼸мѾۼ˴ˡôˣĿ̫һһ긲ѹͻʧء
֪ɽϣκεطܾۼ̫֡
ڣڶ
γңңһָң˰׻ϵĵڶҪءпеڶҪص˶һľ㵡
ΪָģȻɽ޴İ׻
׻ǿյģ˵طȻֵ䡣ϴʬΧȻǵȻıݡҪռߵأ
ҹɫû˿ԥƬ֮˳ɹռ˵ڶҪء˵һεľ飬ٶȸ졣
ֻǼһ룬һڶʽΡʱ־£ʮɢڸĽͽ̹١
ѾǹɺӴ
ƵĽֻҪۼһֻҪһȫıӻһоͻѩһǰչ飬ò̫ˡ
ѵݵָǿܿϥ
Ҳҳˣ
Ժд˷ˡѰ׻ɽһ飬Ѿȷκǲɽϡ
κ𩣬ϣֵܼס
ţܿӻȡöУʥʹ͵ĵҩöҩ屾׼ʱ䣬۹һȦѭ֮ʹõġ
ڣѾȲǸʱˡ
桱һ彫öҩ̷ȥһʱڣһӴҩڱը
ͨ죬ڣȫܿһɰԻʹزصҩҩһ·𺣳һڳˢ
û˿ԥӴԪֱһѨȥ
飡
ǿҩ֧£յľ硢ѨӦ۹ڶʱڵĽ൱µĿޡ
ŨҵĵҩȻǻҵ
Ժһͷû˿ԥĶԪںҩȫЩ硢Ѩȥ
¡
֪˶ãȻһ𣬡۹һѨӦ򿪡ͬʱһ󻶺ۼЩͽ̹٣ҲɹռݵҪء
ƻУһʵˣ


212 侳⻷
ﬣ
һԽĽɽ޴İ׻£Ȼνһһն˲Ϣ֮䱬
ৣһֱ۶ΪģĻΪ··ֱۡ
໣
ֻһĲҽУΧͷͻǸո˻
ৣ
̤ȺбòһնӵޡΧһȺһȺľǲͣĵ
еȸֽÿһ𣬶ͷǱնɱ
̶ʱڣΧѪɺӣĿǾǵʬ塣ԭӵɽϣͻΪֹһա
ɱЩȺЧʣԾ䡢ׯƽ˼
ǡ۹͡һնϵЧʡ
ݣ
ɱ¾ʱݣһХҹдҹɫһִֻתţ֮䴩գֱĳſеȥ
Сģ
һԶǳ²õ
ʯ䣬ڿȻתͷֻԶ²ôĿķ̽ͷ
Ȼһֻ
ﬣﬣﬣ
ʯ䣬룬еȸֽһΪ͵һն˿еµ
䣡
￴ʱ򲻾ãཻʱоЩֵд
ȸֽȴоһɽһ˫ַ飬ͷһȸֽȻû֧޴Ȼɳȥ
䣬ڵϻʮԶһͺ󵯣Ȼ֮们һƬɽһԼĶѨ֮Уܹһ١
գ
廬УżһκЩֽ֪֮֡ǸǸжӲǼ̺ԪԶԶԼ
һΪһϣʹǼ֧̺ԪܼԶˮƽԼһˡ
ݣ
Ǽ廬붴ѨͬʱԶ²õķУһشسܼ꣬Ǹȥ
ؼʱ̣ܻڳˡ
ԶȻ֮䰲ࡣûκ֤ݣȫһֱоڰУЩͻһ
ݣ
ܻͳ֮󲻾ãؼļ˶£ѹ˳²úܻڵ
ûᣡ
һݣܻͺͳ²Щ˵£ವһ´ӶѨ˳ȥ
ݳȥͬʱ峤ŵһʯɢľ߸߷
飡
һ֧еľɷ顣ȴһһڰĹ֮С
⴦֮飬ȫʬ
ȫˣ
ڵϣ۾棬һȻº಼ܶãǰ׻ûв
ϣǧܻϣܹΧв
⣬д˷
ǧƣǻû˷ֻҪԼ˵ģ£ôֻӹӹ
Щ־ͻһһɵ
ǧǽڡͳ˧֮Ľ̹٣Ȼһֱûɽ¶ˮţֻҪᣬһԴĿǰ־档
֮һƬžʹõڷԽ
˼ʱͻȻ֮һĸоӿڤڤ֮УͻȻоΧ·ȸղŸӵİˡ
ôһɲǣоĴлžҲӶʧˡ
ʱ·һ֮ͣ㾲
ǣ
üͷ
ǱܵģоΧЩȻĻںͷ
֮УԭֲָһƬڰ
ǾһɲǣоڸһĨɫ⡣Ӧó
׻ϣдȼյĻ⣬еŷĵ⣬оǱѪ⣬ΨӦ̹⡣
һ⻮ԺһȻͷ
һɲǣڷ̹ԴĽ£һ޴ɫڽ¡
ǽһ˳֣ʧһǽڡϸһ֮Уϸϸܣ֯һľӰ
֮УһѰѵͼȵķֲھ֮С
⻷
һ⻮ԺͻȻ֪̹֮ʲôˡ
⻷һ侳ߵĹ⻷
ֱߣһǽڣһ侳ڳֻһǽ֮
һɲǼ䣬ͻȻһɼΣӿϢݼͷƤ飬ͷҪˡ
飡
ʯ䣬ưڵϣͷ½ϣһȻԶǵ⻷ķȥ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬屩ͬʱ¡֮ǰĵطǽںȻըǵϵľ⻷黯ʵȻ¡𣬺ХţŰе
ͣ⻷𵴣˺ѣǧٵй𶯵Ĺ⻷ͿɢɢԺ֮»
ֻҪķӦһ㣬ͻᱻ𶯹⻷ͷ塣
СӣӦÿ찡
һصģҰԵ֮ӵ⴫仰ϤԣȴǸ߾
¡
δ䣬խϸĳͬһǽںݳԿ֮ƣ׷Űеݺնȥ
ʯ֮䣬ֻüȸֽһᣬ㱻Ѹ߾նС
ǿ
һɲǵ壬ֱ۶Ѫ߾ʿֱͬһͷһ㣬ֱڵëϸѪܶˡ
¡ǽ飬˴߷һ㣬ǽںɳصˤں󷽵֮С
ӣ
һ̮ǽں¶ԾӰԣӰӰ´£ʮͰ׻ϵĽ̹١
彨ĵڶݡ
ɳʱ߾ǿҲڳִУ˶ģɢͷϵı־
̵ģȴһ˫İ׺ݵ۾·һ㣬˳Ұĺս⡣
߾ͬʱóũս壬ƶԴʹ˶ũͬģƶԴҲʹ˾߱ԣӶᡣ
ֻвͣĶšӶᣬܻ÷ḻԴԼ
߾˵ԣ϶չֵ쾡£ǰĸ߾ǿߡ
ʲôȻô
߾ǿ߲ûмڹ˫ָһв¼ŵѵ
սʽûм
ʱ˿̣ڽӽĵطնϡڸոյն֮Уȸֽնˡ
ߣ
߾ǿ˫һжϵ׵¡˫һΣת˲䣬ȻϹŵѵְγѳ
һϾȻ䱸ѳսʽҲֻи߾˲Ķࡣ
һ㣬ܶĸֺ͸߾սʱϰ߲ˡ
ҪǸСӣƻǽڣɱЩƵĽȻɵǸ֣еϰȫҪҪģѵӪѧһ
߾ǿǰø߾š
¡
ɫľ⻷߾ǿʮ֮ڣХΣޱȡڹ⻷ɲǣ߾ǿеѳ˲Ϣ仯ΪһĽ籩ǽںϮȥ
ʮ߾ԾӵͬҰԺײеĿ⣬Уͬ
ɱ
һ𣬵ضҡʮ߾΢ӣһ߾ǿߺ棬ˮǽںɱȥ
ͬһʱ䣬וּһǽں󷽣ڽѵӪ̹ɫһγϵ
һɲǼ䣬ڶݡ̵˼㣬Ҳŵ˼㣡


213 Σ
¡
ѹֵĻɽӴһ˲ȫʮʵԳ˵ĸ߾ǽںĽԼ̹٣ݺݵɱһ
뵶ཻһɲǱŷĻ⣬ڰˡ
¡ɫľ⻷һǽھͺֽƬһ˺ɷ顣
ʮ߾ˣʮ߾ʿһ罣籩һ㣬ӳʮ˵ЧǽĽͽ̹˲䱻ѹȥ

һǺȺ߾ǿпͨ󷽣һͻʶڶڸ߾Ź

ǽ󾪽УһƬҡ
󣡱Щ߾ˣɱЩǣǿͽ̹ǣ
ʯ֮䣬һҹգ˵侲̱ڵϣһֻؿڣѪ
߾˵ʵ̫ǿˣӦ죬ˡҲ˲ᣬ֫ٺ·Ҫɢһ
ȻϢһǿҵΣУӰεϢͷƤҪըˡ
߾ȻˣֻǶ̶̵ʱڣǾʹɽϵжϳ֢ڣѸٵת˲ԣȡ˴ʩ
׻ϣ忪ռء֮УҪģͬʱҲΨһػ²úܻͣ忪ݡ
ݡ٣ܻͺͳ²þûκεϣһȺ߾˵Ľɱ˱ɡ
ûֵܻĴڣ׻ûʲôܹвЩͻ֡
ʱ򣬰׻ٶ࣬ҲֻǰӣΨеһ;
öԷ㣬׻Ͼͳ׵ıˣ֮ǰŬҲ;׷ѣ
ϣ
һâڰͬƥһ㣬ȺȥৣһƥһΪͷβȻء
һһնʩչ㲻մأȺвͣıòգ֮䣬һȺһȺľǲͣıնɱ
ɱ
ͬһʱ䣬ѧҲӦضվλɼ򵥵ս󣬿ʼɱΧȺ
ЩѵӪѧ֧֣ǿֿס߾˵ļ壬û
Сӣ
Χı仯һڸ߾ʿգ˲Ϣ֮ƺڰնȥ
ʿϵɽУ岻ҲҪˡ
һն
ʯ֮䣬ûȶԷʿն䣬һսء
ߣӵͦ죡
ڰеĸ߾Ȼ鵶ٴκ͸ǽĽͽ̹սһ
Щһ̫ǿˣ
󷽣ԣڵϣ٣Ŀһգգעǰ
̹Ǳô
ڵͷҲصʵ
ǹ߾ͬʱҲڹǡȻû߶࣬Ⱥ߶öࡣ
һѵӪѧԱߵ˽֮󣬵ȴ׻֮һ˵ˡ
ȥɽϰ׻¿ٵڶսҪصʱѧ
ʱԼһ⣬ֲ֧סطԮ˴˹
屾Ŵط֣ڿȫˡȻڶҪܵ˹ô룬϶Ҳͬܵǣơ
Էܵȫûиᣡ
飡
˼ʱͻ飬һѪĽͻȻ߸߷𣬻ڿУһ߾ʿ۵糸룬󱳴һݴ࣬ں󷽵ǽϡ
һɲǼ䣬˶ɫ
Щ߾ʵԶǿĶ࣬սŸոտչûãһսˡ
Ľͽ̹ٱͲ࣬˲һˣƶʱöޱȡ
һǿҵΣ˲
˵
ͻȻٹ
壬ȷҪô
ȻĻȴǵͺһɫ˲١
ûа취ˡֵ̫áûѡˣΨһķĻȵ߾˹֧ԮǾûκλˡ

վû˵ʲôһתȥ
ɽԣڰ֮УֻһͻǱ䡣߾ľ⻷Զֹһ
Ľͽ̹ȻҲһЩ𣬵ȺǿԶԷսһߵĽͽ̹ûһǲ˵ġ
ֲ˶ˣһӣ⴦ݾͻ᳹׵ı취ƾ֣
ȻΪڣ۽硢۹⻹ڡ֪ȡʩ˶ɡ
ĿսϷٵһӶܿ죬Ŀͼе֮ǰϮԼĸ߾ϡ
ҹɫУܵһȦ侳⻷Ŀڵĸ߾ʿûڹ⻷ļӳ£ֱͬһη籩
һˣѹ̹ٺͻ
սУƻǿ
߷壬һˣ£
ͻȻһָָսϵ߾
ף
һĺ
ңһ˰Ҳ࣬Ŀ貿Ȳ

ף
һʮ߰꣬Ŀ˴˼ĬӦ
Һ
һֻ֣ĿĶŶ档
Ǹ߾ǿĵѧ֮һһžѧųƸ߾۹ѧڸ߾д㣬ϰľѧ
һֱҲ͡ˣֺһǿ˸оͬʱˣһ֡սĸо
ˣܶȻ򵥣ǿ
ЩѧȻǿ󣬾û
ĶŶ棬һ
һ룬룬롭ʱһһĹȥʼû´ڣͽ̹֧ŲסǾ߾ɫһϲ󿪴أʼƹȥʱ´
֣
ֺݺݵĻ¡
¡
û˿ԥ߷ҴѵӪѧݶӥãݺݵն߾ϡ
¡߾ɫһ䣬ʯ䣬âһǵɫľ⻷ȻΪһɫķ籩赲˵Ĺ
߷塢ң˵նȦɫľ⻷ϣȴǽһ·Ǿ⻷һȦ̵ĸһ㡣
⻷侳⻷֮һ
Ҳص֮һӵе⻷ˣڵԪŷӵеԣޱȡ
ﬣ
еֻƬ̣㱻߾ľ⻷ϡ
һɲǼ䣬˺ɫ
ȥɣ
һŰĸ߾쳹ա
ڣ
߾׼ɲǣڵϣɫһ䣬˲䵯
һն
ֻһɲǣ߾ǰ˰ԼעĿյеȸֽ߾Ŀշȥ
ͣ
Ѫһ壬˲߾֮УȻݺһ
ôܣ
һ˲䣬ǱҪ緢Ľ籩ȻֹĿ׺ݣҰǰĸ߾쾪㵵Ŀ壬ԺһƬհףƺţĽȻԼأԼ֮У


214 ⻷֮У
ʹ
ҵʹ
Ŀ׺ݣҰԣһĸ߾ôҲţԼȻᱻС
һжǵĿЩƵĽѵӪĽ̹١ʵġ͵ߡ
Ҫ˫ʩչ꣬ˮò͸ѾˣΪʲôǻᱻ֡
飡
һֻصƺݺݵؿڣһ̣·߷ݰں󷽵ǽϣǾ޴װҽǽ
ͬһʱ䣬һ߾ѿڣɵѪ࣬гһһΣ滬
ġ۹һƺǼޱȵѰնΣҲն
ͽ̹߷Ҵע⣬ڶԷȫԼ£ɱԶɱԷˡ
ۣ
߾˵ʬ͵ڵϣҲ۵һѪǽϵ
˫ʵ̫׼ĻסҪȻԷ
޳⡢Ĥܡǿ̶ԶˣԷһֱпܵġ
һ̫ǿˣҪǰ͸߾ĸֽ֣֪Ļɱ
ӻһ˵ĵҩҲ룬һȥڴʱһĮ
ϲ֮С⻷
ֻһɲǵʱ䣬ľ˵Ĵһ㡣
ţ
סˣô£
Ǹ֮ʯܶΣԲдġѵոʲôִ֮ʯʲô
ˣ
ͷǰӰãոջɱ߾ĳٴ֣󶨸߾쵹µһ̡
ͬʱ֮ʯϤ
ɱ߾۹սʿȡԽһ٣֮й⻷
ˣ
û˿ף֮䣬ͻȻΪģһε˷ۣԺ֮ӿһһעڡ
һעģһ޵Ϣ
еЩ˳֫ٺĵ֮Уۼһȵģ·ָһĻ״š
߾սʿɱǸˣǸ߾۹
оڵı仯˶ˡ𶯵ģһ仰
⻷
ܣҲǺеĴͬĵط
磬ֻҪΪﵽ侳磬һʣڵĹۣۼһȦȦ̺ǿĹ⻷
ڳȵ侳ġ⻷еĹ⻷һȦȦŵݵɫӰͼ
ɱ߾ӵеģǵ͵侳ɫġ⻷
ͬǾ⻷Ĳͬ书ܹӵвͬԣ硰֮֮ٶ֮֮
ЩĹ⻷
֮ʹ侳ԭĻϣ֮ʹĻϣʱͻȻһ˵ĵزܲɳٶ֮һ㶼Ǻսϵģ⻷սˣԴﵽ˼ĵزķ۵糸һսĪڡ֮һֳȵķ⻷ӵֹ⻷ϵĿף壬ǿһزͨĵ㵶Ҳֺˣ
Щ⻷ھսʹõΪ࣡
ʵﵽһ侳ЩĹ⻷Ҳɸǿġ󾣼⻷
⻷Ҳһǿֻɴ֮籩֮֮֮ȵȵȵȡ
ϣиǿĹ⻷ƾ⻷̺ͨأһ
ǿ侳⻷˵Իأս
ϱҲǴﵽʥ侳۷壬ûܹﵽ˵е伶硣ȷʵڵġ

û֪⻷ܣ֪ǣϱӵٵʱѾ⻷Ĵˡ
ңֹ⻷ʱ䣬ƺĵͬʱֵġ
磬⻷ʹ
ǿǿĹ⻷Ǻ϶Ϊһģ
ЩǿĹ⻷侳֮ǰǽӴġ
Ҳû˵Ԫ߾ܹӵ⻷
֮й⻷ҾȻԪӵ侳Ĺ⻷
ͱϵı仯ˡ
ĶԺƾոֵһϢҲȷһ顣ǾڵһȷʵһȫµĹ⻷֮У
һȫµĹ⻷
սУǵһ⻷ҴԺǶϢҲֹ֪⻷ã
֮У۶ԷʿϵĹ⻷Ч֮й⻷ĵȼǿȣĳ̶ȡ
Է޹⻷ݶԷľ磬һ磡
ù⻷ֻʿЧԽ켶Ч
ǰ⻷0

ս⻷
֮ʯнܵϢɲǣֹ⻷ʡʣֻսĹ⻷
ңڹ⻷ĵȼߡԶڵз켶ĴЧֻͨʿ䣬Ǿʿ䡣
նɱĸ߾ڸ߾еľʿ䣬Ϊնɱĸ߾۹ľʿ䣬żڵġ֮С⻷
벻֮ʯȻЧã
֮ʯôãǼľϲ⻷ľ
ֻӵй⻷ӵʲôĶһ
һ֮й⻷ʲôЧ
һ˲伤ͷڵġ֮С⻷ˣɽ˶ûʲôоȴһȦεԼĽɷķΧɵķΧ
ôӴ÷Χ嶼ˡ
󲿷ֵĳ⻷÷ΧᳬɣԼ֮й⻷0ȻѾﵽôӴķΧ
ҪǴﵽǴﵽŵĵز
һɲǣͻȻˡ֮С֮Сֵĺ塣
֮й⻷ֹ⻷ǿĲ˼ˣ
˷ܲѡ
Ȼ˵鷢ˣͷš֮С⻷֮Ľ²ûгɫľ⻷Ҳûгκı仯
ΪģȦ޴޴׻ϰɵķΧ֮ڣЩ߾˵벻ȴˡ
һЩ߾˵Ľ£ͻȻһȦİɫȻÿ˶УЩ³ɫ⻷ʵǿĸ߾˽¼ȫ֡
Щûγ侳⻷ĸ߾ˣ֣ͬҼȦɫֵͬʱʵ˾޴ı仯
ɽЩ³ֹ⻷ĸ߾ˣ弸Щ˵ݣ
ͳĸ߾۹ʿ䣡
ˣûӦø߾ʱ˸֣
˼飡
һɲǣ۾ˡ
й⻷Լģǳ⻷⻷ǸһĴع⻷ݹ⻷ȫˡ
еĹ⻷ֹ⻷߽¡
һϼöֽµĹ⻷֪⻷ֹͬ⻷Ƶеġ
ҪһĻôʣӦһ֡й⻷˵Ƶй⻷
һγһȫĹ⻷


215 ߾˵ܣ
ô£
ôͻȻСˣ
ԪôͻȻôˣ

ͬʱſڵġ֮С⻷ΧɷΧ֮ڣЩ׺ݵĸ߾˼̲˸Ӧˡ
һЩ侳ӵй⻷ĸ߾оµľ⻷٣ûй⻷ĸ߾仯ûκεı仯ȴͻȻͻȻܵһڵԪ˲١
ָоͺļĺճཬһ㣬˷ǳӦ
ಫ˵ּҵսһɲǼ䣬ԭͿɱڽѹ˵ĸ߾һƬҡ
֮ܵС⻷õĸ߾һƬҡ
˶ע⵽˸߾ڷ״壡
̫ˣ
ʱ˵Īˡ֮С⻷ЧĻҪҪǣΪֹȻûһ֪һġ
ɱ
ͻȻһһһնһһȥΧɷΧ֮ڣȻô£Ǻʣǰֱ仯˵õ
ɱɱǣߣ
һ񣬷׷׷һЩ߾˷ȥ֮ǰޱȵĸ߾ˣʱͻȻ֮һһڣʵĪķӦ
һһ߾˵Χ£׷׵¡
ô£ҵԪôͻȻܿˣ
ЩƵĽʩʲôƣ
źţЩͻ˵ַżɵǣ

һ߾־ŭø߾ŭ

˵ʱ٣ʱ죬һƻУͻȻ֮ԶȺɽ͸¶һŭ𣬻еóԸй
ǧ
ϲ
Խ̹٣ҼͣԽ̹ٵˣ
徫һ˵ţһ߻նͷͻʾǣһһ䣬Ÿһҵĸ߾նȥ
֮СֻжԵ˵ãѡĶЩɫȦеĸ߾ˡ
ͳͳۼסǣҪȻ˭Ҳ߲ˣ
һʱģĸ߾˶󽹼еܿ죬˴ͷڸ߾˺ܿǿס˽Ųֵ˹ơ
һ̣ԵĴȴһαĶǽ
ݣ
ХҪ˵ĶĤڰУʮͻ˵˸ŵ㺮⣬Ƕαǽȱ˳
ֻһΣЩǳŴһ˶ģЩսеĸ߾ˡ
ۣ
߰߾мľ׮ӦءˣǱš򣬾޴ᴩͬ߰Զ
ؼʱ̣ڴ˰һ๬еʬ乬ֿͻġ
ΪװʬĴڣ˲սȻ޸ᡣ乬ҲֹܻͬͶ˵Ĺ֧Ԯ
ˣеʬӲһɹܻͨ
ȻҲܵͻвĳ̶ȳɱӣвͻǹġ
ûᣡ
õܻ͵֧֣дϲۣһѪŽһ˲䵯еȸֽ۵һʮɿ⣬һ߾˵ࡣ
߾˱ˣֱܻ͵ˣһʱֲ˲նڽ¡
ϲɱ߾
ͬʱǰӰãһϢ֮ӿԺնɱ߾ˣǱɫѡеͳ߾䡣

һɹε˷۶ӿڡȻû̫Եı仯о֮УŴ֮С⻷˲١
ֹˣһȦȦԸо֮С⻷Ӱ췶Χٴδӡ
һΣõķΧΧһңչһʮң֮ܵС⻷õĸ߾˷Χٴδӡ
˷Щԭ֮ܵС⻷õĸ߾Ըоϵ֮ٴӣһʱɫӵĻˣ
֮й⻷þȻôԣ
о⻷Χı仯дϲ
ոռ֮ʯõġ֮С⻷0ԭʼĹ⻷Ч
ԺѼϢҪɱһͳĸ߾ͻʻ˹ءگʿ䣬֮С⻷пʽﵽ1ɰɫЧɹ⻷
У⼸൱ԪŽ׵侳⻷֮Ĳ
屾ΪԼŲɱͳĸ߾䣬ǱˮнӦûʲôЧ
û뵽֮СԶԶԼ뷨
ôĹ⻷Χǵ͵ս⻷ڻս֮Уֹ⻷ܷӳ
徫Űɫѡе߾׷ɱȥ
ˣ
ġ֮С⻷ܻ͵ļ֧Ԯ׻ϵĸ߾ٴ֧Ųס
쳷
Ⱥ֮У֮ǰ׺ޱȵĸ߾ˣʱ˳֮ˮһ㣬׷ɽܶȥ
ⳡĪΪֹû֪һô¡Ǻʣһʱһʱʺ˽ʱѾȥˡ
һ˲䣬ĸ߾ɽȥ˴ʬ塣
ûᣡ
ᣬһ׷ɱЩ˵ĸ߾ˣһֽͽ̹˳֮ǰǧ뿪ġͨŶɽ»ȥ
׻ɽΧȺɽ֮еֲƾǧһ˵ǲġ
ֻг׵߽Щ֣׻İȫ
̹٣Щˣ
պɽķУ²ö䶯˶ͻȻתͷܻͣһϲɫ
ܻϵǧȺɽеķɱټҪģ׻ĸ߾ܣΧЩͻ˵Ҳ״ȥһ⣬Ѿʼˡ
ûᣡ²ãȥǣβ׷ҪЩ߾ˡ˻һҹ֮УҲñϡǷûᣡЩ˵ĸ߾֡ͽˣ
ܻ͵ѩޱȡ
ǣ
²úܿӦȥ
˳Ŷȥġ֪׻Ѿòˡڲĵκǡ
˼ʯͷܿ˳ŶϵɽĻȥ׻ϵļ֧䣬ЩͻƺѾȥˣҲû˹˼塣
ϣ
ոأڰУͻȻһϣ˻΢ҹ⣬һƥɫޱȵСԳ嵽Լǰ
ϣһȦɫëںڰ쳣Ŀ
Сڣ
дΪ⣬漴дϲѣ̫Сڣ벻㻹ţ
İڻɻ״̬ûи䱸šͻ˺͸߾ҹϮʱ򣬾嶼֪ȥ
ôĸ߾ˣͻˣôļ꣬Ⱥ屾ΪڿѾˡ
ڿСһ￴ǳ裬Ȼǰߣӹһ١
Сڣãǽʱˣ
İڵգú˷ܵһ˻ڻ䣬һӦǻ˵͡
ڣѾ˲ôˡȸ伸ֻе֪ô
κҲֻ֪ܽСڵȸϹȥˡ

һһ̣ϣо۵糸һٶޱȡ
ÿ죡
дΪ⡣һɲǣͻȻЩףΪʲôҹϮлˡ
ȻڣڵٶȡȻȳɹսҪñȡоԶԶЩͻʵľǡ
ӵٶȣҲѹܹӾǵϮѳȥˣ


216 Ԯȸ
գ
ڷ۵糸ʯ֮䣬ҲǼȻԣֳڵսȲ
ڰչ¶ɡ
ʯɭд岢ûǰ塣κڻ֪ĸأһδؾҵ
෴ھ׻ȸϣ嵹ʶˡ
֪ôˡ
аȴǡ
ǺͬĴڣȻǰһֻһЩ޹ؽҪ֡
ȴοɽѹ谵¡
գֻһһĺɱԶԶȥȸϣһֻ޴ĺɫȸ
ɫȸ£صĺɫ졣
еĲͬ
ȸϣЩ߾˺;ǣɽһξȫȥˣ޾ļǵأȸϺХ˷ȺɽȻȺɽеͻ˶Թ˿·硣
̫˰ɣ
ҹϮϮϣһĻ۾ҪˡѵӪܹҲ֡
ȸϳҲһ֡
Ŀǵصļ꣬ͺȸϼֱжʮ֣ȸصˮйͨ
֪Ǹܵġ
ȸϣжٸ̬
ʶľǡ
ȸֻһ֣ôʣֻЩŮѧԱˡһ侳֡
ѵӪŮѧԱû̫˽⡣ҲûرȥעΨһ֪ǣѵӪŮԺԲһ
󲿷ֵŮѧԱϲⲫѡ񹭱ŮԱԶֻصԶöࡣ
֪֪Ҳû뵽ЩŮѧԱĹմﵽֵز
ȸҶ뺷Ů˲
亹ֱ
ֶֹ࣬ȸϵ侳ҲĶöࡣ٣Ȱ׻Ƕˡ
էһȥһ⻷ȸϱ̻һ㣬ѤޱȡȸʵҪȰ׻ǿĶࡣ
ߣ
룬һɳ۶ȥȻȸʵ̬Ů˲߾ͻһʵȻС
ϵȸ帽ѰɢˣȻһ¶ȽСĵطʯϢȥ
ںڰ׼˻ᣬ׼һսŵĵطವһ´ӻе
ৣ
û˿ԥڿУͷųڵġ֮С⻷һ޴ҹɫϯΧڣһ߾˺ͻʺͻȻ׵һȦȦɫ
ԭŵսΪĲ룬֮˲ת
һ߾˺ͻʺ»ûӦô£͸оµľ⻷ͻȻ֮٣ڵԪҲΪͣٶ˲һֹ
һȺ߾˺ͻʺ¶ʱŴҡ
ۣ
֮У׼һ˲ᣬʵĸ߾ˣȸֽӺ룬ǰĴ
ϲɱ߾ģ
һϤٴڶ𡣿Хһε˷۶ӿڡ
ġ֮С⻷ٴαǿ
ҹɫ֮Уһε䷶ΧѾﵽɵġ֮С⻷ٴչ˶ʮɵķΧٴνĸ߾ֽȥ
ۣ
壬һ˲ڴĸ߾æң⧲ȥĳ֣ȫǵĽࡣ
ȥ
ͻȻ֮䣬һȡҪɱ߾ʱ򣬾ϮһŶƹװɱŮѪ۾һ
ǵģ
ɫ䣬һ˵ţһбɲȥ
ĻƹװŮɱжʱࡣǰѹʱ򣬲ԼֵʱͻȻ飬һֻƹѥСֻüһ࣬ǰ㱻ɳȥ
ߣ˶Ǻö
屻ǰĻ
ȸŮҲ̫˰ɣ
屻ǰΨһ뷨ϴŮҲ侳Ϊ
ȵù
飡
һһڷɳȥɲǣһӰͻȻ֣ƹװŮӳбɲ˳ȥ
ʣ˭ˣ
һ͸ͻȻ𡣽һϤӰߣֱһֻһͰס
ûܵʲô֪Σ𣿡
ĺ飬ͷʪʪϣȴܾͦ۾ѩ͸һս⡣
ǰκʱĶһ˲Ķ־ս⡣
飡
еǹһ㣬һֻ˹ľǻûӦͱһǹݴͷ­ڵϣɾ䣡
׻ϵսѾǹæģ
һߺֻΧǰͺӿĶǡ
׻Ҳ⵽Ϯ𣿡
һ˿ɫܿͻعûʲôɫ
ȻǱսˣǾͺúôšܵǿʲôЦƾǵʵΪܰʲôæʲô飬㻹֪жż
Ľ£һȦɫ⻷ã֮һɫǹͷ
еɫǹҲǿ쵽˼㣬һΣʮʵۣһ߾˷ӦһǹɾĴǰ룬Ĵʬʮɿ⣬ˤ¡
Ů˻һû䰡
ȻѾǵһˣٴμ֣廹̲סпսǳûһĶ
еĶ򵥣ȴ
һ˸ѧ
ˣôЩͻȻ֮ôࣿ
ɻ󲻽һ˫ÿü˴ΡΪ侳ĸֱ֣Ӧ֪ҪԶˡ
ǰЩ߾ˣɫţŴңĸо֮ǰսֲµʱ֮
ôҲŪô£
仰ҲֻЦЦûн͡
֮Сļ⻷ЧʩӵϣԼûһ
٣Ŀǰ׶Σ廹ûзκεĹ⻷Ч
һ£
ĿһתͻȻס˺˳УһˣϢ΢ĸ߾䣬Ľ£һȦɫɼ
¡
һһң缲ǹͬʱԷ塣
ϲɱ߾壡
һϤڶУһ޴𵴣ٴ俪ȥڵġ֮С⻷Ҳٴǿ˲١
ˣ
徫ϲѡ
֮С⻷ֻͨɱжԹҵʿпܽǿЩеʿ䣬󲿷ֶ侳ǿߣӵо⻷
ƾʵ£붼롣
侳ĸϣʱȫͬʱЩ߾ԪģˣܵԼ⻷Ӱ죬Լǿ֮С⻷õĻᡣ
ۣ

߸

רļרѡЩ䵥ģԪģˣҵĶ֡ЩѪʢ۷״̬ĸ߾˸֣һû
岢̰ƾš֮С⻷ã巢ӳãȸκһ˶޷ġ
ݣ
ͻȻ֮һݶХӶдڤڤУһǿҵΣոдвһֻһС󣬹ŻԵԼ
ãͻ֣
ɫ䣬ҲҪ߶һնһԱȥȻһ̣ûݳ벻ͷˣ
飡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬һ֧ɫĳСָͻȻ֮ȸ嶥һͷɳȥ
¡ϮϮһǿҵӿе£ԡ
忴ͷһĻ˶סˡ
һ񣬡Ҳ̫ǿ˰ɣ


217 ս
޻˹ӹдĸ֣û㱾£ΪΪʲôܼôá˳˵һ䣬ոһŽ߷ɵľ޻˹Ů޻˹Ƣ̫ãԶһ㣡
ƺ֪ʲôͷҲصгǹɼֻɽ³Ķǣǹ룬­䡣
ЩǲܣһǹУͬķʽɡ
޻˹
ĻдΪ⡣ŶԷ˵ķ϶һͷһֻۣɽķһȦֺĻɫĹ⻷תҹɫз·һֻ޴Ļ˰㣬Ѥ
һɲǣ·ʲô
ȸϾȻһλҵͳûϵġ嵽ѵӪǳЩ貵ĽȥģлʹĹ֮һŶûرȥע
ϸ룬ѵӪ֮ȷʵкܶĻҵĳԱеġ
벻ȸϻһλֲͻ˺͸߾ûʲôջ񣡡
а
ѵӪϽʹӺ롣޻˹ȫһơеĸж֪ġ
޻˹ôĻʹǿ߽ѵӪҲѹùˡ
˵޻˹԰ѻҵǿߴѵӪҲ˵طĻҳԱͬˡ仰˵δôء
뵽˴ͻȻ˲١
ѵӪоֻ޻˹һҳԱЩڣں׼±ͻȻϮѵӪҲԼĵıһ˵
ɱ
һɱضҡԶһӰ䣬۶ȻһЩȸĽͽ̹ǻʱϹˡ
쳷
еĸ߾ɫ䣬˲õֿȺɽȥ
ûᣡ
һһΣһն͵ĵۣȸֽ˲һҵĸ߾˺ġ
ϲɱ߾ˣ
֮ʯһˢоڵġ֮С⻷˲١
ǣЩеĸ߾ܵӰԽصġ⿴ţȴȷȷʵʵеĸ߾ԽĻˡ
ηľǲ֪Ϊֹû֪ΪʲôԼʵͻȻ½ô࣡
ɱ
ϣһȺ߾ɱôܿ䡣
ϲɱ߾ţ
ȸֽھ㲻ĸ߾䣬ġ֮С⻷ٴΰһء
̶ʱڣѾɱ˾侳߽ӽ侳ĸ߾ˡЩ˽ƾʵ£һɱ
ǽⳡսҲȺȴɱ˾Ÿ
ټˣһȥ壡
߾ѾˣûսŤͷһԵ΢΢üǻƽʱô˵ͱˡ
һʱһʱ֪ҲǼƽЩʱ
ࡢѩǼѾͷȥһ壡
֣գ֮䣬Ϣ˶ٵŮӴȺл˹
ЩһĿѩˬһͲƲ硣
һߣҲŰ׻Ϲӭ˹ȥȺк˼ʶĽͽ̹٣һ۵糸ȥ
ϣ죬ʬ壬ʬҲʬȰ׻ȸʧĶࡣ
ɱ
˿һĻ۾һ죬ɽϳɱȥ֮С⻷һ˲ͱͷŵ
¡
ײһͬһʱ䣬֮СĹ⻷ס˴󲿷ֵĸ߾ˡ
ʱġ֮С⻷ʼʱҪǿĶˡ֮СĹ⻷ǣȺһƬҡ
Ϊʧ󣬴ˡ֮СĹ⻷Ӱ죬ֻһ˲䣬߰߾˿ڵء
ϲɱ߾ʮ
ˣһ޴䣬Ǵ˿̣ġ֮С⻷Ѿչ˷ԲİɵķΧ
Ǽ侪˵ġ嶼ѹġ֮С⻷¡ӦЧӦ£壬һ߾ͬնڵ¡
ɱЩһ
һģø߾ţ׹䣬Ҫټĸ߾˽ն¡
ণ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬һļХӴ͵ȺɽХ쳹Ʋ񷡣ХһƬ̵ɫ߾ҲһĲ
Լ֮г˵źţ
¡¡һԶҹ𣬴աԶ˸߾֮ȸͰ׻ĸּ

ոջޱȵһڸ߾ɫ䣬»˵ǣһ·ӣ׷Ⱥɽгȥ
㷴ӦٳٶۣЩ߾Ҳȸ塢׻жѾʧˣûֵķжѾܳɹ
ɱ
ڸ߾˳˵ʱͻȻ֮ɽϵضҡոջյһƬžϣһƾӿƬӰɽ³ɱ
⣡
ȻǿĿɿڴǱֺγǿü̽˴Ρ漴·ʲô̲סһ
ߣһȺͷβڹ꣬ʱ򻹹ڹֲñֵ壡
Ŀɨ嶥ɱȺһĿǲˬٲ˽Ҳ֪Щһոһأű˳ͷء
壬ôǣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һȵաɽϣһʮԲ䣬˳
ȵκ𩡣
ôˣ
κԲ۾һľ档ɽɱΪǴ󲿶ˣû뵽Ȼῴ
ߣΪ˶һɽϾͷڹ𣿡

ʲôͷڹ꣬˵
κ͵ͨ죬ô˵ãһŮ˵ͷڹܵˣ
Ԣأ
ǰ죬Ƥ𣿡
ȴûôģĿһɨǲơκɫ΢䣬ڽµӣһ֪ǰŮ˲ֿԺúýģŭûʲôùӳԣϽտڲԡ
Զ߾Ѿϵ˼ʮɿ⣬׻塢ȸ塢Ľͽ̹һ׷˳ȥ
Σѽ⣬忴ûԼʲô£ͣ
Ī׷֪Լ̰ð
κ𩣬ҿɽǴ𣬹ջˡô󲨽ɽôֵġ
ͻȻ
ոմԶ壬Ϊ˹롣ʵԶˡ岻ò档
ĻҲһ˹ͻ˵ֿɲǳصģκ˵ǲڹ֪ЩסͻʵĹ
ٺٺ٣
Ļκһüɫ裬
Щͻ˵ȻҲκβѽˣǿ壬ＸһơҾһͷϾһǽôм
ƣ
һ˲䣬ɫ˵ĹŹ֣ŤͷɽϿȥ֮ǰûע⣬һ̣ɽĻ⣬˿ɽЩѧУһĴܣע⿴ǿ


218 ࣡

һ˲䣬˶˵ˡ
û޻˹ѹҲ׻ôڽֶܻûС
ƾЩһѵĴܣ󲿷ֵ˾ȻⲨ
һ̣Щȸϵĸ֣κδ̫ˡ
ٽ尡
κǾһʱûע⵽嶥ܣĻԣԾк˺ͼվһĿ·
ɽƺܸߣӸߴԺ׵ĿķԶѸٶɽ֮Уɢĸ߾˺ͻˣк󷽱ͻʹ赲׷ɫȺ
ҹϮͻ˺͸߾˸ĶСǼˣǺˣ˵Ŀ˭ûЩͻ˺͸߾ˣɽµ塣
һȺ˵ĴӼ˵ĽǶȣԿԶĸ߾һ㣬Լٶȣɢ֮С
˵ע˭Ҳûзɽµ塢κϡ
ߣСӵǺ׻ߣʦķҲͻʺ͸߾չ˵ķСӾȻû
ԣĺ䵭ΧԪĵһȦɫľ⻷תΧΧûһܹ
һҹںܶ˵جΣܾŵһҹԵļ˵ֻǸССϷѡ
Ǹ߾֣ͻ˵֣¼ܼҲûһ֧ܹвǡ
ԭܼ򵥣£ûһֲֻܹвͬˡ
ͬõҲ¹ɱ
Ϊ˴󽫾˼ĴӣͬСͽ׽ı£۾ҲӰ졣
꣬ʼնв
ٽǻҵʱҪҪ
ͬԣһͬ˸նɱĶ׹¶һۣ֮棬ͱкΪжݡ
֪ٺնڵ££ȻǸĻᡣ
У
ϣͬһӣȻҲľ;ܾˣ
ߵǸŮˣûпĻӦþСƵ۹ΨһŮ֮󡣴Ƶ۹ܹŮݷ;ͳĶǷӡǸŮ˸Ƿеķӣ
ңҲûаտǿжɣ°գʱ򷴶ǲˣ
ͬȻܼɵ岻ͬλĸ֡ŮھʦҲ
ٽѵǾô𣿡
һͬ޺ǲʡͬ԰ԸڽΪ٣ͬ˵硣
ߣˣôܣҺúõѵӪȥȴܵѵӪΪΪʲôշҪԸ壬Ժеǻᣡ
ͬЦһ˦Ҳȥ壬ֱĴ֮С
սһ㶼˸ϵʱЩĸ߾˺ͻ˵õϢѾȥˡ
׻ȸ䣬ѵӪĴӪۣӪǻ˼
һսʵǴӰ׻ƾֵһѾˣȥ߾˺ͻٲʣҲֻܾʹȥ
ڽˣ
£԰ɫĴսôãܣԪҲĲ١
ҪֻҪնɱһ߾䣬֮С⻷ͻΪҲôá
һˣʣµľɨβĹˡ

ɽϮϮӺкХ
塢κ˺һ׻ȸķʬʱû֪ڰһ˫۾ĬĬעǣע׻ȸӪأԼѵӪ
û֪վ˶ãǺʣҹϮӿʼûһܹӹ۾
׼𣿡
ڰУڿԵ͹ϣ˫ֵ϶䣬κεĸ顣
ҹɫУһ΢ǹϣԼӳճһƼе״
׼ˣ֣֡ߡѾȫ׼׵еͻ֡߾ˣЩͻȺûһֻѳȥ
ڰУһӰڵϣ̬ϹϾ˵Ļȴʯ쾪
Ȼ𾪲ѡ֡֡ߡȫǹеĽ
һҹϮһֱΪϢͻǷڿʹ֮ƺ֪Ϣ
ܺãȥ˵ȫɱ⣬һرЩ֣һܡȻͻʺ͸߾ɹôֺ֣ǲЦɣҲδ̫˵ȥˣ
¶һζ
ǧڴˣȻ𶯲ѡΪǰλǸ˵Ҫؾʥְλ
Ȼʹûȥ
ܿ촫ȥ˷ҹɫ£Ұĵطһսڽš
һսԶⳡҹϮҪѸ͵Ķ࣬ҲҪöࡣڽ֣Ҳھù£Ϊȫһ浹ɱ
ǲӦó֮Ϊһս׼ȷģӦһ׼õո
ˣô᲻̫һЩ
ڣȥ֮ڵϵӰ̲סڵ
̣
ʵɽ͹ϣ΢΢ƺЩ⡣
ϰٵ֣ٵĸ߾ˡʵһȫǿԱ⡣ΪʲôõϢȴƫƫءЩѧǺӰս͡ǣ̫һЩ𣿡
˵ӰֻĲУŻ֪һս
ҹ֮УȻںܶ˵һϮú׼һ˲ʧء
սУҲ˲١
߾˺ͻ˵жνأıʱ䲻νãѡʱҲν
ǶڴƵ۹˵ⳡжԶûصֵز
ѵӪ뾩ʦҲǶʮԶһҲʮôľ룬ʦ֮ô֪ܲһϢ
һϮһʼͲ߱ܿԡͻѾСˣЩԭһͷһͷͨĹؿʱã࣬Ȼûѳ͢ĶĿ
ֻˣ͢ȴһ㶼ûнƵʶûֹЩЩͻ˺͸߾뵽ѵӪС
ͬǣ
ڰУ˵˿ı顣
ǣ
Ӱҧ
ǣѵӪ˵𣿡
˵
ˣ
ڰУӰһԻ漴뵽ʲôһ͵̧ͷ
ˣѵ˼ǣ
ߣô飬㲻Ϊһɣ
˵
˵˼ѵʥ
ϣӰˡ
׾ͺãѵӪģֻҪͻ֡ڡʧķΧ֮ڣ
͹ϣ赭дһ仰ӰĶȴǻꡣ


219 С
һҹϮӪ׻ȸ䣬ÿһӪʧʮˡֻ࣬١
ѵӪҲǲ
ѵӪʧ֮ôѧʧνأ
ǰλˣȴ˵ֻķΧ֮ڣ
һɲǼ䣬Ӱеĸоʱȫͬ
ĴѵӪͲܣһֱΪνҲǶҲǶʮӡ
һ֪ԼԶԶ͹
֪Ϊʲôоصλ˿仰ɲǼ䣬ͻȻһޱȾĸо
η
Ψһĸо
͢ҪǣһϣҺͱͨġսϷⳡҹϮǲ̣ҺͱµУѾʴˡ
ڰУλ˵
֣߾ˣټһ㱱ԭϵͻʾǡôһʵпսȣ΢޷ⳡҹϮôδ󣬵ȴпսǿ¸޷
ܱȽսǿ٣ﻹиȫʬԽһ㣬ĴͶǾԽкôҲҺͱ֪ⳡҹϮȴǽѵӪϮԭѵӪȻٸѧδȴиΪǶ
Һͱ¸ϵĵһÿΣ
ڰλ˵򶨶ݣʼոһգгĸо
֪ǧΪ˸ѧϿΣӱŪʮͷͻ𣿡

һľȡ
͸Щѧġͻ
˵ζ
Ӱ˵

ڳĬʱһͻȻдŨܵĹľУգ֮߳һȫؼףвĽĽ졣
һŨŨɷɢɽ紵˻ûп˶ŵŨصѪζ
λˣеĸ߾˺ͻȫ˸ɾһ߾ǿӳǵİΧȦ֮⣬һҴ棡
ֵĽ쵥ϥڵϣµֱϣһεŨѪӿ׵ķ϶ۣڲݵϡ
ⳡսԶĻҪöࡣֻǰûκܹ
Щ߾˺ͻһĹûз𣬾⵽˻ԵĴȫɱ
벻˰
ڰУ͹ͻȻһ̾Ϣֻһɲͻع
ȥеĺۼȫɨɾκ˿켣Ѫ֪֣
ǣˣ
ֵĽܿӦȥ
ͨҲ뿪ɡ߱£ǸѾˣ
һתͷ˿ŻڵϵˣҲͨ
Ǵˣǻûȷ𣿡
̧ͨͷֻ֪Щͻ˺͸߾ˣҪץһҪˡ
ߣ֧ɵ޵ȴѡΪͨܰ쵽𣿲ÿˣ˱ضɡ߾˻ǽƻ
͹ϣ˵һΣܿ뿪ʧ
ͨԥƬ̣Ҳ뿪
ɽյģ΢죬
ѵӪе˵﷢עǸܣû˻ֵ֪֧¡
ûֹ֪ˡ

飡
ԣһ߾޴ʬòɽϱֱ׹ɽ£ʬѾѵɽˡ
׻ȸ䣬ɽϣʬ塣ܿͻᷢʬ죬⼸ɽϾûסˡ
սѾ黹ܳʱ˿̣˶ڰŴʬ壬κǡ
ЩŮ˽
壬ûоЩŮ˶ÿֲ
ȺУκͻȻײײ壬С
˳Ŀ⣬һ۾Ϳˡ
㲻ˡܵġһǹӣ㲻뱻һǹɣ
Ц
κɫһսʱǹǹɾӣʱͷƤ飬ë
쵰Żˣ
ܿκ𩷴Ӧݺݵײһ¡
ٺ٣˭Сûʱһ˾ܡ

ҲܹҰⲻǣⲻǴ򲻹𣿡
磬κһڨڨ
嵹ûƽϣ̧ͷĿƳԶˣȴ˼
Ȼκ˵ŮһŰſη壬ĸоȴˡ
Ȼһʬ壬ǵ飬ȻҲǷǳʣ㶼Ҫʬӵˣ֮ǰŮսγԱȡ
ţ
˼ʱͻȻ֮ĿһƳԼĶ̲סһ
κ𩣬һ¡ʬ¡
ͻȻκ𩡣
ôѵʬҲȤ
κһϷʡ

ȴûкκ֣߹ȥץǾ߸߾˵ĺɫܣһ˺һ̣һͼȻ߾˵ϡ
ͻȻֵͼκҲɫһ䣬ֵ˼ʬ壬Ŵ˹ȥ
һԲε࣬һߣһֻڡ£ϣĿԣ˵Ĺо
ǡĳıǣ
κ𩷴ӦҲ
û˵۾ǸǣԺд˷
ʶǣ
εҹϮ屾ΪֻǸ߾˺ͻ˵һμϣ̽ѵӪͬʱϣԴ˴Ƶ
ǿǣŷ֣Լ»ǻ̫򵥡
С
Ǹ࣬Ժһ˵֡
Ȼͻʺ˹˴еעĸ߾۹ûзɹԴƵϢ̽Ѽ
СǸ߾ƵġǸ߾ԨĲһݡ
Ȼǹȴ߾ԨԷΪ壬СԨȪģؿɼһߡ
ߵ࣬Ĳ±־
Ȼ鱨Ѽ̽ĹǡСھʦȴԶˡ
ƻɱܶԴƻܵø߾ͳͳ
¼ɱĴ󳼡
гŶԸ߾սĴ󳼣ܵǵɱɱڱˣеѾ徺ˣԼŮ˻С
Ը߾սʷѣС£һҴ档飬Լǰ䶯ơ
Ȼ͢ŭҲץ˲ٸ߾ļһһΪıġСȴʼûץ
ԭܼ򵥣Ϊû˼Ҳ֪ʲôС֣ҲǴӸ߾۹Ǳͨ˴֪ġ
ڳʲô֮һŲ֪
ֻ֪һԣڴƼϤͺһģһ㵱Ҳ޷жǺ˻Ǹ߾ˡ
벻Ȼ
аû뵽ǸһġСȻҲ뵽εҹϮ֮С


220 
ֲͻ˺͸߾˻Ҳֲָ߾ʿ䣡ĻôһоͿԽˡ
üͷɫء
СڴƾһεҹϮĵһжҲһΡ
֪δλɳһĴڴƣСǸв
취ɵУ
尵һĨɱ
Сǳƻ۹ҪץҲһˣûгɹǵ󣬳͢޵λСɹ˳ȥ˳ķ˸߾۹
¼ڸ߾۹ֱ񻰡
Ƕһ˵ĽǶ˵˾ǡ۹֮Сɱ֮졣
Сٹأҵټ˵ȴˡ
ֻǣԼʵ΢оԵİǰ岢ĻݾߣСҪǾ͸ץˡ
һҹ£׻ȸɽϵʬ˶ʱɾ
еѪһȫһоͺûзһֻЩãǧٿ׵ĵͷݷյĺۼ˵֮ǰļս
κǷֺһ˷˰׻壡
ϵ׻ʱѾָƽ
ڰУһɽȼţҹ͵͵ĿҲȻѡ
Щ˺ܶһӶûϹսûмѪȣûгֲɱϷ飬Ǻܶ˵¶
а
Ϲսģʮ˺ɱѪѼֲ֣ϰΪҹϮôӦ䣬޻ҡ
Щȴǲһġ
֪Щ˽ܹܹ͸߾սѾǼĽˡ
Ȼͬ飬ȴʲôҲû˵Ϊ֪δֻӵĲпᣡ
ֻѧӦ
صԼķ䣬һϤӰڰγϵĶϼ廹û߹ȥŵһŨҵѪζ
պɽϣޣĵѪǼɫĳۣѪݣѾȫѪ¡
һ
üͷһڻعȻûۿҲܸоպɽ֮ǰضǾһʬɽѪս
⵽ɱ˶ˣ·Żӣ
а
պɽĳȥҲļսǵȵȥʱڰ׻ȴûпӰ
ȻպɽϵѪǲ˵ѵġ
һλսʽֱǸţ
ۣ
պɽֻǿһۣĮȻջĿ⡣ץסβһΣۣѪ쭽Ȼպɽɫȴû̫ı仯Ҳֻ΢԰һѣͺֻϼڱһ
㣡а
ӻȡһöɫҩ˹ȥȻպɽָֻһžһöҩ㾫׼嵯˻
ҲҪ
պɽɫģַʽıԼ̬ȡ
һ㶼û䰡
ȻһЦҲǿ˵ҩϥ¡
һսҲܴҲҪúõϢһˡ

ˣ
ѵӪָƽʱ򣬾ʦϵһԺУӰ֣һӰ·һ˷۹
Щýٶ죬˿ߵĶŮݿ͹㡣ĺɫıǵݡ
һȺ߾ݿ͸֡
ԺﾲĵģһƬڡ
֨֨ĲУķһյƹ⡣ĵƹӳճһ˵ŤӰ
һӴϢŴֽӷɢ
˶һ
ʧˣȥʱ䣬˵ǱزҪƳ͢ע⣡
һɳƵֱ治Ůӷﴫ
ǣ
⣬˵˵ͷû˿ı仯
ѵӪǴƳ͢ʥʱյĿܵҰע⡣ȻҹȥЩѧȻҪȫ
һ㣬׼⡣
⣬ҪȥѵӪϡһ׻壬Ҫ֪ɽѧϡ
ɳƵһתͻȻڷһµ
΢΢Щ⣬ѾΪʲôλ˻һССİ׻Ȥ
ǣˣ
Ȼ֣˻ǺȻӦǡ
ȥɣ
һ䣬Ժĸ߾ݿ͸˲Ϣɢһɶյ⣬ҲںһϨԺֱúġ
׻塭̫ˣΣҶҪ
ҹɫԼһģܿʧˡ

ʱȥѵӪܿ촫͢һܾܵһ¡¡Ķת
̲ӡеĲŶԱ¶˽
ѵӪսѧĸԸ߾ͻʵĲԣҪ͢۵顣
ֻЩͨ˵Զ޷Ӵġ
עǸƽһ죡

ѵӪ׻塣
֪˶ãڹž޲ľѹһҹԸоڵԪָֻӯսڸܵˣҲõ߰˰ˣࡣ
ʵ̫Ժ󣬻Ҫ취ʵ
ѹսа
ȸֽëϷƥ
ΣȸֽһһͻֵһǱһ߾˵Ԫ𿪡
ζȸֽʵͶԷ̫󣬲Էȸֽ
Ҹʱ䣬úˡ
а
ţ
˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬һĸоӿͷһɱڸո㾲ʱ廹һֵˡ
ǣ΢ɱȻԼɢġ
ô£
üдΪȡƬ̣̽뻳ո֪λ̽˹ȥ
һ̣һɱ䡢Ӳĸоָ⴫
ǡ
˶סˡ
ӣ
ɱԴͷȻڻУ͸Լöӡ
һָܿĶȡ˳һ̣һöӨ͸·ʯİɫӺȻָ⡣
͸Լӣ
ô£
忴ָŦ۴Сİӣסˡλƾ˼µ壬ִЩϤˡ
Щֻͨӣ̺ʲôɱġѵ
һɲǣͷӹԺպֱʱĳٴθУ
ԵԵɢԵԵö͸úñ棬ϣһΣһűģԣ
յǵȫһöӣݵԼС
ѵ˵ԼˣνġԼǱСǬ
һɲǣӰԺӹͷڤڤУԼ뵽ʲôֱޱȣ


221 ¾
Ϊˣһֱϣõľѧ
˼µ壬ϣܹõλƾѧն
ֻǣžѧô׵õġ
ȡĵ·ϣǵһҲһôĻӻﶼܾˡ
岢Ϊ׵ĸԼ
Դһʼûܹһͣ׵õ
һأ
һԼʵԼΪһöӣǡնأ
ֻҪеĿԣ̲סм
ͻҹϮʮְΧ׻壬嶼ûôҲһ̣ȴѱƽˡ
У
һ飬ȻһԪ͸ָ뵽ָŤ۴СӨİɫС
ˣ
̶̵һ˲˵ô֮оĵģʲô鶼ûз
ѵҵ𣿡
̧ͷȻûб飬ȴ̲סûʧ
Ȼûô׵õ
ǰԼһöӣȻֻϣԼһƣҪ;˼
һֻԼˣ
Ȼʧʱ̣¡ͻȻһǿҵ𶯴Ӱ
ССһöĸоͻȻ˷츲صı仯һöӣȴͻȻ֮仯һ޵Ŀռ䡣
ռһɱԵ־ɨһУŷ𣬲־˳ָҵĳԺ֮С
һӴöʱá
¾
Ľ⣬ԺͻȻһδδķھķȻֻж̶һ֣͸¶ģȴϱӶûԹĿ½⡣
ûд
Ĳ²ûдǰ͸Լİ棬ȻǬ
һɲǣпϲ
̫ˣ
ݺݵ߬סȭͷ˷ܲѡ
͡컯ϱõžѧȻõˡ
컯ѸٵľԪٶͻƾ磬ԽݾԪٷ֮ٵķӳ
žѧϵĲּƻͻˡ
ԣ
˷ܲѣ˱޴ϲúаΧʱͻȻ֮üͷһ壬ڸоЩˣ
¾ǲ𣿡
ڸоЩˡȻͬǡͷƺԺƾճֵǶķھԼеŴġ
ٴȷһ£ûǡǡ¾
֣
һüͷ֪²Լ
ǰȷʵԼһžѧƺԼΪ
¾ʲô
ͷ¶˻ɫĴ˵ǺܶģҲǳ꾡
Ҫϱӵļ䣬ܴ鵽ܶࡣеĴ˵ƺûС¾Ĵڡ
ʲôѧ
ѵ½𣿻ûǰʩչؾѧ
һȣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ƺ뵽ʲô͸һɫ
¾񡭡ѵžѧʵһ֡
ͻȻˡС͡컯ͬպյĿѧǡ컯ӡС
ʦаˡλͽʦ֣ȫˡСǳ汾컯ǽ汾汾
ĪǡҲˣ
뵽нԽԽԽԽֿܡ
ʹ컯ͬһĿѧ컯˵Ҳˡ
ڤڤУͻȻһ顣йһִԣ˵Ĳʵ̺־ѧ־ѧں϶ɡ
˵ŷȲߣûʲôںԵʱҲûʲôš
ʱȴЩˡ
ģһӣǰڹΪɫļ̳ԲͻȻһ޹ؽҪľѧ
ԽԽԼȷġ
Լʵ΢ĿǰֻԪ߽׵ΪȻͬ˱㲻ˣȻﲻЩѧĵز
ԼԼҲˡһ㣬͸ʦаûиԼ컯Сһ
̫ˣһ˼µʱ䡣һжûа׷ѣ
һƬϲá
ȻõĽֻǳĲ˵ѾǺܴջˡ
ԸԼôδٴԼҲȫܵġ
ǰΪʲôô׾͸ıע⣿
ϲù΢΢üͷ¶ɻɫԻϱǳģӡУҲЩʴһ㶼ˣǽؿ飬Ǳɨسŵӡ
ҪôᴫϱҲʧˡҲôĻӻӵܡŷΪ֮ˡ
Ȼ˼µ壬Ҳǻ˲;֪ԼЩǰǡȣԼ㸶޹ʹ㲻ʲô
ûô׾Լ
ѵΪڶʹ¼
ͻȻ·ʲô˼ϸ֮ԻͻȻԼ𡱵ĳװ棬ֻΪˡ
ǴƵҳսȻܵ͢¼ɣȴĲġ
ҲΪ˾նսϡ
һλ𾴵ĴڣɫͽֻƾʣضĶ
ڶʹ¼ԼϵǷֻۣĲˡҲֻˣܽΪʲôǰԼ࿴
벻ȻΪڶʹ¼λϿɣ
ǰипѡ
дǷ۵ʱֻһҪֹδı硣û£ȴû뵽ջλƾϿɡ
ɺϣֻԼ°꣬ƶʲôջ񡣲֪Ŀô򵥡
Ҫõƪġֻ»ҪԼŬС
ôҶһõĲġ
ܿƽָһգٱ͵öӽģʶԱɨһۣڵķյģպɽȻľѾ뿪˷䡣
ϣֻһϮµѪ¡
Ӧȥˡ
һعѵӪĵķ󣬿ԾۼԪöࡣ
ѵӪ˻ӭĵطû⣬պɽȻҲȥ


222 ҹϮƺ
ˣܿ쾲УʼĦԺǶһֵֶķھ
¾ԶĿѧȻֻһٶ֣͸¶⾳ȴԶԶԽĿǰϰоѧ
¾¾ǰžѧʵ̫ԵˡҲֲСĽᴫ
а
һֵķֻǡ¾ĵһأɱ̲أȻ滹и߼ķ
ֻһֵľ¶Ҳ˴Ŀġ
زʣΪۻǴıʡ
һķ¶ģ䣬ΪۻİԵ⾳
⻹ֻǵһصĳķѾˣҪ߲ﵽʲôֲĵزͿ֪
ܿ˹ĴĦ֮СԽǸѧԽ֪ҲԼһؿ顣
ʱȥ֪˶ãоһƣͣ
ȥˡĹ̫ˣ
а
ʦа˵ġСͬ¾ڹĶ漰ڹüɣһľѧҪµĶ࣬Ҳࡣ
Ѷ˵ȻԶǰ֮ϡ
ڴϢоָĲˣ
ɣ
⿪ڵ

ոջյĴſڣͻȻӰһȺ˽Ծ䡢ׯƽ˼Τ߷塢²ãһȺȫϺһ𲢼սˡ
˵ɫ΢΢Щ԰ףһĵϢչÿࡣ
ӣ
һȺ߽׷׵ͷĿ𾴡ⲢΪ֮УĵλԺա
ҪǣıҲ˴ҵ𾴡ҹϮٵʱ򣬺ܶ˶ֽš
ȴΨһһ򶨴ݣܹټң֯Χˡ
壬϶֪Ҫˡ˵ǵҲǺΪġ
ɣ
ָߵλٺ£
Τ˼ôˣ
ãȻˣѾ֪ͨɼܹǵĹˡʱһ¼ιǣӦǲˡ
Τ˼м
Ҫ취ŪǸȫݣмǸ棬治֪ܻܲ
Ϊԭ򣬳Τ˼Ǽĸм
ܼ𣿡
û⡣
Τ˼æѵӪʥյģҪǸտӪͻؼ֪δᷢʲô
ңؼײߣսϵĳؼսʿǲ˵ġΤ˼ΪؼӵܣȻôˡ
Ǿͺá
˵ͷ
ׯҺͳؼݡٲȻͶ˼⾩ĹأδԼսû⣬ׯƽͳΤ˼Լ¡ˣʵĹһҲӦõġ
Τ˼ϵһЩؼҵ𣿡

ӣ˼ѵЩ˻𣿡
Τ˼ɫ
Ҳʱɫô飬˶ǹ̽ڷ硣Ϊףλߡ
ĴبǳеسѯʾԲ
ķӦȴʼϲϵҹϮ˶¡Щɹģ־ڵʵܹԸġ
һ˭Ҳܲ
ǵǣ
ҡҡͷɫأһ򣬾һĸ֣ǰפʹʲô飬ҲиӦңЩ˼Ȼ󵽸ھʦĵؽϮѵӪ˭ָ˵ǲڶأ
δѾı䣬ҲȷЩ˻᲻һΡҲ˸ѣѵӪԼҲӦЩ׼
С޴
Ӧû⡣һúءҹƣҲɸ˹ѡ
ĻΤ˼˿͸˼ɫ
ؼҵ󸫣սϹȻպգ²ɵѵҲ൱Ĳס
ÿһؼҶúء
ԳΤ˼ݡλҪ»ǲǾͲһˡ
Τ˼֪δ̳˵󣬼Բܾ漰β顣
ңӳΤ˼˽ģʵҲǿԼԼеĵλҲĪĺô
ţ͹ˡ
嵹û˵ؼҵսǼǿġңҲֹǿѡ
ϵ׶ؼףͻʵ֣Ҳ䲻ϵؼס
ڣԼһҲǶ㱣ϡ
ׯƽǱܵһЩֹ𣿡

ɽ󲢲㣬ûгؼҵǿ󡣵ƲׯҵѵӪǿԵġ
Ҳδʤǰܣȫ׼
û⡣ҿ룬Ӧòʲô̫⡣
ׯƽԥ
ׯƽͳΤ˼һڼĵλ±ȳΤ˼ҪϺܶࡣҾ飬岻˵ׯƽҲ뷨
ˣӣͻ˵ϮҲһˣӿյʲôϢ͢׼ô
ׯƽͷһתһ䣬Ｘ˶壬¶ڴɫ
ֻһ仰ͿԳĵλ
ƾı֣ԼݵλѵӪУѾٲȻγߵĵһСס
ȻֻǸСΣһĺܣѾ̤ȷĹˡ
ǺǣҾôҵǲûɣ͢һƴġЩѵѧҲһõƴõġ
˵ʱͻȻһĴͷƿնʱ˵ע⡣
̧ͷȥֻһֻѩ׵ĸӳķϡһҹĴսķǧٿףֹǽڣͷ϶һ󶴡
ǸֱӴĴ󶴾ͷ䵽ϡ
Ǵ󲮵Ÿ롣
һ۸Ӳϵİߵ㣬һֻ֣Ӹӵȡһ۵ĺܺõ
Ծ͸һϣһͲͨд˲µʲôʱ׷˹ȥ
Ϣˣ
忴بţ˶ʱ˲٣
͢Ѿнˡսѧȫźսѧֱϵࡣ⣬͢ѾǴ־ÿɽʮפ
⣬˲ѧ͢жٴһѧ֮⣬ڶͻʺԼ߾۹ҹϮ͢Ѿٻᰲ󶼻ثԼԶͻʺԼ߾гͽʽսԱٴη
̫ˣ
ǰ˻ûʲô̫ĸоսһ
ʲôʲôʲô־ֻкݺݵĶԸͻʺ͸߾۲йߡ
磬Ƶ۹ķ
ͻʺ͸߾۹ؿǵòʧˣ
ֽ͸һ˿Цݡ
ԼеǸƣǸչнȡĴƣԼ֮ǰһѪûа׷ѡ
Կ϶ٲġ͡ͻʺ͸߾۹°ѱˡ
ﲻ˵ǰȻλзµĴ󣬵˴Եĺû̫ĺøС
ս棬ҲòϣλǸ˼ɵηĺ


223 ⡢־壡
Ը߾ͶͻʺսԺ£ȻˣҲЩ͸ǡ
ڡ
˵ţɻĿлȻվȻȥ
ʲô
һȺ˶Ťͷ̽ѯʽһԵԾ䡣˾ͿˣԾϵǳ
ʲô飬Ҳֻ֪ˡ
Ծҡҡͷͬɻѡ
ȻҵӣľٶҲ֪
Ӻīʱ䲻СģҲˣдʲô
ˣ͸ǵĶûװһһȥɡ
Լһ̶Ӻдˣż˹һ˹ȥ
ǡ
˸տʼһɻ󣬵ȿݣһʱڼ͸ǵľȻһزᡣ
ҸǸ˵ɫѡȥúÿɡ
˵ͷ
ҹϮ壬Ҳо˸ʵΪԾ䡢ׯƽǡ
Ϯܻǲˡ
Щ屾׼һʱ֮ٽǡҲȻһЩ
ڣûǸҪˡ
úܿ죬Ҳûʱ׼Ҳʱֽͱд˳
ӣҲз𣿡
߷塢еֽһĲšĳǸ߶ˣóĶ϶ǷƷ붼롣
˾ȵǣǺŲոʶȻҲж͸ǡϾǺԾ䡢ׯƽǲͬ
ʶʱһЩ
ţ
˵ͷ£ܹˣ߷塢ұʵѾӹɡ
ʵϣ⼸λδѵӪ߳ȥĴƵĽ֮һ
δպɽôɫͳ֮Բһ㣬͸оˡ
δĸ߷Ҳսϵĺڶ˹صսУλ˾ľ档
һس֮һǽ֮
δǽϵ˫ۣ
ڣ壬һ˶֪ԼҲ¶δĸ߷һԼİ
ڵˣȻ֮Զûδô졣
лӣ
˴ϲжмޱȡ
ֻǵͷǵģǸص㣬ѡĺͬľѧ
ЩѧǱѧĶ࣬ͬʱҲܹǴ¸ι̵ĸ
ĳЩ棬ѾĹ켣δǽﵽʲôĳɾͣ嶼޷ơ
δѾı䣬ҲڸıδϣԼ˫֣Щ۹δĽǱøӵǿ󣬳Ϊ۹֮
Ծ䡢ׯƽΤ˼ҡ߷һȥ²ġ
лӣ
˸һ뿪²þ͸һ񡣳²ú˲ͬɽԻ
ż²һ֪һżĹ
ƷԶԶ˵ģԶԶԽԪ侳ﵽߵľ磡
һ㣬²ûǼʶġ
Ǻǣ²ã㲻лҡҴżҲûԭġ

Ŷ
²һ죬漴ʲôԺʲôǴܷԸ
ǺǣˡҶûʲôǴֻҪúѧϰҸžѧԼͿˡ۹δҪĵط
΢Ц
Գ²ȷʵ࿴ԭܼ򵥣²츳һ˫Ȼܹ֮⹭ҵ𶯣ƾжϳԷλá
츳ǳ²öһݵģƾһ㣬²þʸΪδ֮
ߵֻг²ò츳
ҲԳ²üԭ
һγɹģǼµģһ˶ᡣ
Ȱžѧѧᣬһм㡣
Ц
лӣ
²Ȼ죬˵Ī⣬ҲȷʵʵҪԼ
ңԼӴӵȡǰλȷʵǺܲһ
²ļܿȥ
巿еķȴûоʹ˽
ӣˣ
ڳ²ȥ󲻾ãʲӰ۴䣬»˽
ׯƽΤ˼ҲӵܣǺǰλȣԻǲһء
ԭܼ򵥣ׯƽͳΤ˼ûйȨζӵܣ
λɣ
嵭һЦӵվһ
һμ棬ˡ¹⣡
ΪһϽڵԼһָԱߵһ꣺
λǲ־壬ΪĽӸ壬Բ֡
˵󷽣ΪֹΪ壬һܹõѵһҷȻͬ
λˣ
ҲΪء
ǰˣ嶼İĺܡǰûнӴ·ϵļһգȴһ㶼İ
һλǹһλǶ
ҺʹĹͬҺͲңǴĿʷ׷ݵƿ֮ǰľء
Щ壬һݵļΪУ
ͬ棡
ֻҪƴһ죬ЩͿһԶķʢȥڴƣЩҡеʱΣ˲ŵ䣬ȻڳҰӵв

ָߵڹͲ־ĳ֣һ㶼⡣֪ӵѵӪʱѾ֪вǳԼġ
ʱһ㶼⡣
ָ߲ţҺͲĽˡҹϮʵʱǾѾˡֺֻ̸Ծûдš
ɫ
ôһĻвЦ̸ˣʱҶʬ壬ɽ壬û˵䡣
ⷭȫ˵Ϲ
˵ھʦӵǸ̸ɫ䣬˼¡һ㶼١ҺͲҲǼˣȻҲôɵ
аЦ
Ⱥ֣ܺͶջһĶƲ硣֮ͬڣڼǻԼ
ȺӵһƬ
Ǻǣ˵ЦǽӢۣŮкܡܸᲢۣ
֮⡰һλҲ°
ԭҲһˡ
ô˵Ͳ־һɣо塰ͬĿ׽˲١
رǲ־壬ĿУȫһͬˡӡ
նʱǢ˲٣Ҳ֮ǰôࡢнˡ
ˣһμ棬ǵһ⡣Цɡ
Ͳ־óһ𲭵ĺӣ˹ȥ
ĸ߾˲ΡԪаȥҩǰ󣬶Թ档
߾ȻԴƶʿԶûôôࡣһȴǸ߾ھµģǾǸ߾˲Ρ
õͿʯһ߾ͬõõ˲Ρ
˲ΣʵߵĲƷ
ԣ߾ȻûʲôʿԴҲȲƾЩ˲Σ˴ĸ֣ˣɶͳͥ͢
ǴƣҲ׹


224 ţ
һϵ˲Σڸ߾ǽֹġû뵽óľȻ߾˲Ρ
ǾͶлˡ
ҲûоܾҪͻƵԪ˽ף͵á
ֿˡ
⡢־嶼˿ҡϼȻǴƵĿϾѾмʱˡ
ȴǴƵ¹رҵүӡŹд֮࣬ҵ¸أڳҰмӰ죬ٲȻѾֳµҵļ񣬱Ҳ١
ڹ¥֣Ҧһ٣һ¹עĽڶʹ¼˱Ϊ̫ܲ˵еƢ
ڿȴǳϵĺô򽻵
ˣпյĻеĻҺͲֵʱһ˵ܽһЩѸʶ

ǰʵкܶϣּܺһ档
־ҲһԵ
ʦҲŵȵģͬӵܣҲֳһһȺ塣ǾʦЩʮӵֵĵط
áͲһģĲξҪ߳ࡣ
ܽ롰áģ󲿷ָҵܵӵӵܣ߼ξ˹ӵܡ
ͰЩＦӵȫͬġ
һ£ǺѽġͲ־ⷭ˴ţɽԼȺ塣
ͬΪӣںܶ˵ûǺѽġ
ǺǣҲ׼д轻书Ԫ¥ֺͲȤʱ򲻷ɡ
ͻȻڵ
Ԫ¥
Ͳ־廥࿴һۣΪȡ
ֵ֪Ԫ¥׼
Ȼ
һָһָͲ־һθое㿴ˡ
ַģǵʱһ
ͬ
ķ̻Ƭ̣˺ܿȥͱ˺󣬶һڷܿ˳˼
Ԫ¥£岢˵˵ġ
Ͳ׼ԼȺ壬ôܴӦѵӪɲΪ˼ĳ
ѵӪǰٽ֮ӪԸǽȫۼһɣԼ֪ʶ۽ʹĹǳԽǰﵽߵĳɾͺ;硣
˵Щ˶ԼδĻ顣һַǾۼԪ¥õķ
飬ֻ鷳øȥˣ
а
ߵͳͳǴȥˣ꺣¡ġȫڡ
ذϹԪڸżҵ£ҼҲȺͰԼ֮ǰˣ˵ʲôϢܿϵ
һʱ֮߾Ȼûʲô֮ˡ
ֹˣĵ˵뿪ߵػһƬաѵӪҲ˽
Ҳͷ۵顣
ҦҡЩˣʵû֮ǰԼڵĴǼΪΣյġ
ҲðһλŪˡ
аԺȴһ
ͨҵ
ڴƵ۹ʷϣλµľŨīزʵһʡڴƽ貣ΪԻ͵ʱΣλȼճ貵ĹâӮ˵ء
ǴΨһһλͣͽ⵽󽫾ǰ棬ȻͳûһıȨƣھʹʷϵĵλȴ˿ѷɫث֥һ
Ƶľ飬ûй˵ʵλûһıǲϡ󽫾λõġ
ĸϣҦҦ죬ЩŽͳͳûϡ󽫾λá
ҵܹƾ˵ͣϴ󽫾λãҹٷ⡰ͨ󽫡ͳ̶ȿɼһߡ
ڵ۹ʷϣҵǣ
սϣܹƾ˵䣬һսۼĴģսУıսԼյʤ
Ƕһݵۣ
ҵսķǣʸʯֱܶжôǿҲˡ
ҲΪԭҵϵ˺۶ĳ˵
ӲҲǴʷϹϵĵһǰ棡
Ƶ棬õĲˣҪշλδͨȴס
ȣҵçĳԼ֮ǰ켣ʼǸš
ǺҵҲûܹ֪
λƺ
弴֪֣Ҳûа취ǰȥҵ
⣬Ϊδġͨ󽫡ҵĳɳ켣ʵ̫̫ˡ켣Уֻаġڡ
Ҫֻô̶̵İꡣ֮ͻ뵽һλ󽫵¡
ʱҲһڵõ
ٹ꣬ҵâ¶ʱѾܱκշˡ
Զ˵Ļֻôꡣץס˾ץסˣץסҪԶλδͨʧۣ֮
û⣬ӦѾļˣ
а
ҵһεʷ̨ȴǰӦļ֮УһССģעͨʿ䡣
ʱӦ΢ʱ
ܾˣҪҵڹҲһ׵顣оĹأνɽһǼڲᣬͺ
Ҫ˴ӰӦļеɲף˵壬ĸϣҲһ㡣
ֻܰæˡƱе֮ȨҲֻһˡ
а
ܿдһ⣬ͨŸ˳ȥ
ֽӴ˼ÿ֮ͣǰѵӪҪһռ䣬úõĴĦ͸Լġ¾

ͬʱһطϡ
ߺߣ֪Ϊܹѵ𣿡
ĴһˣĴ֪ķ䡣ҹϮΪϣöһء
ȻҹϮֵķзĵģǸԼļū
˹ӣҲ֪˵ʲôμѵӪԼȡĻᡣʲôѲѣ
ŴһȺˣ֪ɫ˲٣߬ŽͷɫȴûЭ
֪˶ײԼĸһʱ֪Լǰȫ˳ܣ˵ʲôʲôûôײ
ֻһ죬Ȼ͸ֱӣǰײԼ
֪Ҫıݡֻǵ˼ҵһСūȻǰô˵
ĵɫʱܲ
ٸһλᣬҪ٣ҵСӣ¸ң
ģ˵ʲôǾԶӦġ
֪ҧҧ
òײŴӵѳζٻȥġĻԵĵԸԺ󻹲֪ᷢʲô顣
˹ӣòŶ
СǷʰȻҶԵ˹ô˵
ѵѵС֪֪

һȺ˷׷װǻ
֪ȻĲڸģǾ͹ֲˡ㸸Ҳôĸϻ硣ΪͶǼһáֹٲֹܣӴԺҵˣ٣ͲͶˣڼúõɣ
Ĵһӣɫޱȣ
㣬֪һж㺦ģ
ģң
֪৵һ£ˣò԰ޱȡһ岻ʲôҺǿĸ֮ҡ
֪İϣƶ࣬ƶ˿ԼŬһһ߳ƬĴɽ
УûнκεİǸ˾޴Ѫʹ۲һ
Ѿǵһôвˡֻ֪û뵽ĸô
׵ĵλһ仰ҪĨ˵Ŭ
ĵĸסλȨء֪֪Ǿʵڵ˼˵ֻһأһͿԲСϡ
ߣҲң֪ܿˡ
Ц

˵ʱͻȻһƿŤͷȥֻһֻڵҹзӹ䵽˵ĵֱϡ
һ˳ǰԼ׵ŵҹ𰡣
֪㲻ΪԼ˸֦ɡ㣬ھ֪ҵĴۣ
ৣ
Ķ˵һ´ҹȡţ৵һӵ֪ǰ


225 ջ֣
֪ңӵϼš
Χһĳ
СӣҲҪ˵ġ˹Ӳҵңѵβ𣿡
ǲ֪ˣʶʱƵ³

Χ˶һЦдŸ׵Уְ֪λ£Ѿ֪ˡ
һڳ̫͢󣬵ҪһССҾǴ´ࡣ
֪³Ѿעˡ
ܵĳЦ֪ɫԽҰסµģֽ֪
һ֣֪һ¡ŵ̧ͷŵһۡ
ʲôʱڣˣ
Ц
֪û磬ȴ˵ĹŹ֡еֽ֪
֪ԭɫ԰ף͸һģ촽䶯ƺֽϵݣɫԽԽԽ
ֱ֪üëɫ裬˶
ģͽж񱨣ţԼȥɣ
֪վһѽеڵǰ˾ͺȥǧص
Сӣʧķˡʱˣ˹˵
ԣһʮָ꣬ʹ̲סŭ
˹ӣǰѵһ١
һҲ֪̬ȼ䲻
ߣҲøǼƽϡţúÿɡģȻвңҲƽϡԺΪ֮ɣ
֪˵仰תߣ˵ľ͸ոսȻ

ŵĽļ˲Ȼŭ֪ðӼŭˡ
ȻΪˣǣȴּ䲻ĸо
ʶ֪ʱҲһˣԸ˽⡣֪ʲôᣬǲϷ˵ѡ
ң֪ǰ̬֮Ҳʵ̫ˡ
ô£
֪Σüͷ˴Ρʶģɻ󣬼֪ڵϵš

ҹ
ϵĵһ֣ķ·һϵУ˶ˡ
ⲻܣ
ɫһף۾ˣһĲšţļææ¿ȥ
ֻһɲǵʱ䣬ĵɫʹӲ԰ױ˲Ұף촽亹Ӷͷϵˡ
ܵġⲻܵģ
ţ֪뿪ķ嶶ɸһ㣬ȫ֮ǰĹ°ţе㾪֡
УУҪȥӡҪȥӣ
ʧһ㣬תͷææһȥŴָ˶ûз֡
˹ôˣ
ȫô¡˻ŵ֪úýѵһء
û뵽ķˣʧһ㡣
Ƿдʲô
һӵϼ˵ĶšһȺȫ˹
ˣĵĸױˣ
ôܣ
첻˵Ҫ֪ĸ𣿡

һȺеһ˵ˡյ׽֪ΪʲôߵôֻʣˣҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻʮˡ
ֻⷴתҲδ̫ˡ
ǰһ̣ĻŶԸ֪ףǺһ׷ȱˣǰֻһʱ䡣
Ҳδ̫˰ɣ
һ˵͸¶𺳡ɲʲô̫Ĺ٣ûʲô󳼣ŷᲢۣҲһС١
ҪһɾһģҪüҪǰҲҪµʱ䡣
ڵȻһˣǺ١
Ҳֲõĵĸŭգڵһǡ϶Ҳףǳڵ
壡϶ֻбһ㣡
ͻȻ˿ڵ
һ䣬ΧɲǼ侲ĵġ
Ҫһ֮ڿһλɣͨ˿϶һһõǾ塣
̫¼ͨ죬һְתǬãӡټĴبǳ͢ϵس
֣Ҫ⡢һλɾ̫ѵ¡
ټа֪ԸĵĶԴˡ
ֻ㣬˲ûоɣһгģ·ѹһɽһ
Խ׵ĶԸһģҪԸЩ˾Բ̫ѡ
֮ŹȻһ˿ǵģ
һ̣жһŨŨļɵС

ģʱ뵽ң̫𣿡
ϣ֣һһ˵ĵ˫֡
֣һ£üĿ㣬Ҳʮ˾ҡǺ֪ѵӪѧ䡣
ͻʺ͸߾ͻʣ֣٣Ҳ˾£˲ٵһ㣬֪˻ࡣ
ӣһҪȾҰҲǲ鷳Ӳġ뵽
ĹڵϣҪ޳ˡ
֣ӣߵˣ鷳һа취ġ
ʣʲôΪʲôˣĲǴ𣿡
֣ɫʱ
ɫһ䣬֪Լ˵ˡѾɲˡ
֣ӣһ취ҡҲΪ˶Ը壬
֪˵ȻԸ֪ǲʧȥܺÿƣҺǱ¡
ⲢһжƵϡ
ö˵ˡҰﲻ㡣߰ɣ
֣
ĵɫһٱ䣬ң̱ڵϡ֣Ըһݣû뵽֣Ҳܾˡ
촽䶯ٷֱ缸䡣ǻûڣ֣ѾƲͷȥ˲Ը˵
֣ϲ԰׵ûһѪ죬˫֮иǸֳɫû뵽֣ܾҲܾ
ϣҲˡ
ҡҡλΣӵվ·ʧȥ˻һ㣬ɽȥ
ӣĲ𣿡
ŵǵıӰ֣ߣһǻ۵Щ̵
Ϳ԰һ᲻ڲҲû˿԰ﵽˡ
֣һɫɺܲÿ
ҲС٣Ҫҵبһ֡ڣԸΪһУب׵˺ƵƤĻûκת徵ء
ٸԭְǵʱ룬ΪһѾְĵðŷպ˺Ƥֵ𣿡
ңϣڳ䶨Ҳûа취ˡ
֣¶һǣڵǰרȫͬ
Ϊ֣ǲԸԼ֪֣Ȩ֪鲻Ϊˡ
ǣĲŸոͶǾͰ֪»ĺ
ǻ˵һĵġ
Ҳջ鰡
֣ɫ
֮ǰ谴ҶԸʱһϢˣܱܿͺܿڿȫܲˡҲˡ
֣˵ⷭʱ߬ȭͷɫܲÿһڵϣֺγϡ
壬Լѡġɹֲˣ
֣ȭͷԶа


226 ĵĽף
лӣ
ѵӪ壬һ书ͻȻһӰ˽ͨһڵϣһ
֪
عͷŹڵϵ꣬һ˿ȻɫܿЦ
ɣαؿ
ӣлл㣬лл
֪ڵϣһĸмڿǷֱ֮
˼ƴ󣬲һ˿ԶԿ飬֣һ˶ҪܵԼǣġ
ǺǣСһ׮ҴӦģȻ

Ǽ˵ȷʵǾ֮ͣҵĺͣԸһɣĲҪ̫ס廨ѵҲдһŶѡ
֪Ϊζ
ȻԹ˵С£֪˵ȴǴ¡ݶ֪һֱסġ
ֱ֪ͦ壬ɫ
ļļأ˼ǿ壬֪һֱҪڵ˼ΪԼõ档
ֵԼѵӪ黹ؼǣ֪ô࣬ĺ͵˼ȻСвԼ
֪Ը⳼ĵԭ
֪мǸмԼǷʣ壬Լ½ȫȻͬһ켣
֪֪ˣԶ壬ǳм
Ǻǣ㼴ȻˣҲá
岢ûк֪Ϲ̽뻳У彫һֽ˳
֮ǰӦһݱǵھԺ档
ǣ
֪һ͵̧ͷ
ǡһδܹﵽߵĳɾ֪֪ͣԼĸǾԲ̫á
ˣԸӵв츳ûһõĸǣҲǾлˮ£δҲﲻߵĳɾ͡
νѵӪ֪õĻǸǵ
ֻ֪û뵽ֻ֮ҲУ˱ĸţȻô׵ľ͸Լ
лӣ
֪򶨣һҲ
ֻǵһ棬ǣһһĻš֪츳ܸߣҪ˷Լ츳

Ļ֪һ˿ɻɫⷭлƺָӣ֪оЩġ
ЦЦûж˵
֪츳츳棬˼档֪һеġ潫
ʵȴӲĶ̰塣
ѵӪ߳ȥĽ֪Լ佫֮һҪȻҲսˡ
ϲϮ佫һҪӵй˵ʵҪԶԶս沫ɱĲ졣
֪һΪģһҲԭ书̫
֪֪ģһһıδ
ȸǵĹٸǵĹԼ֪ЩļƻҪɿԶһ棬ǿ佫
ׯѵʵׯҵ֪ͳ˧츳ԼϮĲԣδضǴ£һֻأ˹Ŀ࿴ǿ
а
ߵУڴġһﲻã츳עδǿֵľŵʵ
һ֪ˡ
ԶսĿ󣬹Զ̣Ļ
֪սʱıܣӵͳ˧һֻǿ۱Ǳܡ
Ұޱܡϱӣֲ֪׽սܽᡣ
һ㣬֪Լ֪Ҳûз֣츳ȷȷʵʵ
ֻҪһ֧ʵ˵Ҫκ˵֪пһһ˵ĿϮս
֪岢ҪշֻҪǿ󣬲Ƶĳɹ
ӣҰɣ֪ˣ
˼ʱͻȻһĴ󺰴ӵŵķ塢֪ͷȥֻһϤӰ˹һһ˵ϣͶء
ǣҵ˭ԭ㡣
ǵӰʱһЦ
ôģҵ𣿡
֪ӵվĿҲһġҲû뵽ľȻԼһ·顣
˵ƵʱԼǰָʹһʧƣȻôġ
ģʲô
֪ɫ̫ÿ
֪ǰҴˡ˭͸˭ҾԲֹӣǰ۲ʶ̩ɽ˲Сˣ㣬ŹҸװɣ
ĵͷɫҰޱȡǿʳ֪ԼǴˡ֣ѾܾԼ֪ΨһܾԼģˡ
ģûõġҿȷĸ㣬ǲģ
嵭
ڵģûʲôøС˿̫ǿϱӣ֪ǿиΪģȴ
˵ƵΪ˸ı䣬ҲΪġ
ң̫ʵԼ󲮺ָ֮׵Ĺ͹ְ
ȴԹǰŻ֪ǰвžܵԼǰġ
ֻ֪Ҫƿ֮У
Σ嶼ǲͬġ
֪֪ʱܹݡʣҲֻͶضѡ֪ңһȻв㣬Ҳֻ˵˵ѡ
֪Щݣ֪Ҷ㵽ôҸǰ㣬͹һ˲Ρѵ𣿡
һҧ֪
⡭
֪ˡȻ֪˼ǰôȫǵĵĸҪԼ˵Ҳȷʵɡ
һʱ䣬֪ҲЩˡ
Ͼĵĸ׿ΪԼ˹һʱ䣬֪ʶĿ塣
ģˣͷ𣿸㣬͢˭Ҳ޷ġ㣬Ҳһﲻ㡣㲻Ҫ׷Ļ

˵ʵףҪٻָǺѵġ
ˮաľ޷ģһ㣬Ĵ󲮺Ҳ
һעǰ׷Ļˡ
ӣָҸ׹ٸԭְֻϣܹŹҺ͸ףҪٶǸնɱ
ͻȻһҧ
Ļһ䣬ľͱɫ
Ҳ֪˵ʲô

һԵ֪ȴ·ʲôԱߵ壬һľɫĵ˼ƺֻҪ׵Ĺô򵥡
һ̫ˣ
Ժһͷ
ĸ׵Ĺȷʵȫƻȷʵڵи֮󣬼Ը
ĸӾǡ֪İ˹֮ࡣеĹܱ֤ܸı֪ˡ
õķԶܷ
Ϊ۹δԲȥһΡˡû뵽ľȻӦô
֪ϱΪԲǽҡ
巢Լǵ͹ˡԶԼ˽⵽ģҪĶࡣ
ӣвϣ֪ӦǸһ롣ΪŵԸһΪ
ҧ
Ĳɵӣ֪޹޹ʣȴԸΪַسԸԼ
ľٶУĸоһǿҵв
ҪԸԲֻǸ׵Ĺͻ֡
ڵĵﲻŹ
ʲôܣ
ϲɫ
ǹҦҺģֻһ֣Ϳʯ
ҧ
ˣ
仰ͫһıɫ


227 ѵ
Ҧô֪
۾һ£ͿʯһֱΪ֮أ͸¶ȥ
üµʱ䣬û֪ȸֽôġҦҾȻܲ鵽Ϳʯ⼸־Ѿ˵ܶˡ
㵽ģ
Ťͷŵϵĵĵ
ҲǴ֣ģһΣͱ졣˵⼸仰
ҧ
ڴǰǾԲôġ֣ѾˣȻˣǾ͹ֲˡ
֣
üͷһ¡
飬ĲֻҦҪԸ㣬ӦǺʲôͿʯйء
Ĺڵϵ
֪ˡ
˰֣ҴӦˡҪ֪ˣһˣĻ֪
ĺܿȥȴ˳˼ֻǸصСֻҪԼһ죬Ʋʲôˡ
ṩǸϢ뵽˺ܶࡣ
ֻ֪֣δ֪Ϳʯʲôȴ֪ͿʯԼġߡҲҵľ
ΪˡͿʯҲһյΪҦңҦһҪǿ
˵ȴԶˡ
սǾõϷû㹻ʽ𣬾˵ʵǿҲı䲻δ
300ͿʯѾ֣żҵĺѾ졣ҦҾ֪ͿʯĴڣҲвʲôЩһȻܲ鵽Ϳʯ֣ʵǲ򵥡
а
ڳҰѳɣҲ˵Լ̬ȸĹۣԼʱ֡ͳԷ糾Ϳ׵ıѲߵ·ǿҵػ
ҦҾģҲʲô
֮ĲУ֮Ĳޡ黹ǵСһ¡
а
ĸм֪ܿ
ڣİŶѾˡ֮ҪԼʵ
ﬣ
һϵĶУն岽ľˡ
ͣ
һԪ͸ƿնһľˡǺܿ죬ԪЪˣ䲻ڶ
̫ˣ
һһС
ǹʽڹѧڹעصǼɡ
ԪķۣЩǽҪѧϰݡ
ģǡ¾ϽڵݡһķҪ󣬵һͨڵĸҷɢȥһ֮Уľˡ
ľ˵ľԽԽԶľ˵ԽԽࡣһ֮пԷʮɵľ룬˲ʮľ֮
Щֻǡ¾ϵǰ࣬ķռõʮֶѡ
¾ϰڹȴκݶҪĶࡣ
ͣ
һΣΣΣĴΡ
ٴΣǧΣΣ
ڣһδεİνѵӪոտӪɽĽʱȻǳϵƽ
ͣ
֮庹䤱һּ䣬Ԫͬʱ岽ľˡ
ľ˵Ѹӣ֮ѾﵽˡȻ
û̫ȡɷţһϱӾ֪ˡ
ʮʮһʮʮʮ
֮ǰľѾﵽʮ֮ࡣѾѵҪˡ
Խһѵˡ
аʼľ˵ľԶ
Ԫǿ̵ģľԽԶĵԽ󡣡¾ĵڶ׶ΣҪԪľһ
飡飡飡
ʼļΣȫʧܡԪͬ岽ʧˡǺܿʶľϡ
ҪԪĸԶͱ﷢ԪӵϸС
аһʱ׸ôˡ
岽߲
һĽԪԽԽϸСܡ
˲Ųʮ
ľ˵ľԽԽԽҲԽԽԶֶҪ̫ԣҪϵϰš
ʮһʮʮɣɣɣ
ϷԪԽԽԶ̶ֳȵԪʵ˲˵ģȴ⡣
Ϊǡ¾Ļϰ
ɣɣʮһɣ
ľ˾ԽԽԶʱ巢ȥԪҲԽԽϸԽԽСȴԽԽ
һڣʮʮľ˵ʱڿԽ׶εĻϰˡ
׶εԼһ޷еģ˼ˡ
׼𣿡
ڰ֮Уֲָ˭Ҳ˭ֻƾ
š
˵ͷһ̣ķεľ飬ֱ
ͣ
ԪХһХϵļзСľ顣žžգ߿ŷ鱻֮⣬ľһѷĺХȫϡ
λе̫ѡ
а
¾ĵѵλⲻֹΪ˵λãͬʱҲΪѵ׼Ľ
ԽĽԿƼɣ;׼ҪԽߡ
¾ΪĿѧԼɷҪϸ񡣾׼١׼ȷǽĻ
ֻЩѧϰ߼Ľ

ҵһ˾ר¾ʱѵӪΧ׻弫һɽ壬һȺڽܹĵûš
Щһڸʲô
׻ϵȷָ״̬ʼʱ˻һɻ󡣵ǽģ˾͸оˡ
ЩһЩһȻｨӣ
ɽڶ̶̼ڳֵĵػ˶ɵˡ
ȻѵӪӣ⵽ʲô˰
Щһﵽʲô
˵أѵӪǮܽ𣿡

һ˲䣬ж¶һ˿ɵɫѵӪǲ׼˽ġԷȻôľľͷֱҪ̫
һЩ˱ȥ⻰ùˡ
Է֪ѵӪľȻ̨ӲѵӪ󲿷ֶͨƽ񣬻һĹ֮Щǲġ
⵽ʲôˣȻˣ
ͬʱȸɽϣӵҲע⵽һĻ˲ͬע⵽ȴɽһЩӰԾǽ
ԷȻܵȻͷС
ӵҲ¶˼ɵɫȥǡ
㣬ٶȰƬۡ
ʱ˿̣ɽͶˣĴøżָһȺ߽ɽȻĴ˴󽨡
ǽżҪƬɽ͵ġ
ѵӪϽ˿ѵӪĵطȴڴǿ©ǰɽ׼ɽϽԼĵһء
ڣû˷Ӧռ֡ȵ˷ӦʱͲһˡ
Ȼ©ǱϾ漰ѵӪһ㣬㳯ֹ͢Ҳ¡
岻ͬ
ν˺ð취ֻǱߴ˸к԰ƽĴۣɽ塣
ڣɽȫȨԼ˽У


228 Ҫ
㣬㣡ڽֹ֮ǰǰɣÿ˽һӣ
ɽߺŴ
ѵӪɽ£Ѿڳ͢עˡȵ͢ӦѵӪʮڣϽκε¥
ԣҪļӰӵ㡣
ЩѾ˵ˡ
ǮʹĥƹʱԳˡ8ƽںܶ˵һʲСĸ
岻һûʲôĲҵûʽ˵ϵĴ󲿷ֶֽľǮˡ
ˣģҲûô죬ܳôǮ
˽ǮļɽϵĹǸɾʮ㡣ֻʮңʹ˵ػʮңѾһ㣬ҰѸۡĳΣ˳
ɽҪ򵥵Ľһ䷿ӡǴɽϽһƬɫ㣬˵Ժ䡣
԰̨ͤ¥󣬳ȣͷ᷿䳡ҡеĶһӦ㱸
һϵеĶݻޱȣ¶Щӵ˵ԳܵĶ
ûм֧֣ҪôģһֱۡҪĲѵӪѧܹе
˵һȫ⡣
Ĺкɽͬϰһææµµôˣɽһ¾ͽۡ
ԶԶȥܶģɡΨһģֻˢѣԼ׵ʵľҾߡ
ĹøҲûɽոճ󣬾ͽһ̫Ѩ¡ʮĸֻ˹ȥ
Щ˶Ĵبɹġ
֪بǶû˵ͰĻɹһػԺ䣬ҲΪ˱塣
֮ǰҹϮǰ֮بɲٳʲô飡
ڼܵӳ̶ȡ
ЩҵĻɽ壬ɽһҲ֮
һЩҵĻ
׻ϣһȺ˿ЩפɽޱĻһ۾ˡ
ھʦ죬һЩҴļһջʶġ
ӰȻھʦ漸û˲֪ѵӪֻһˡ
һɲǼ䣬һȺ˷׷תͷԵԾ䡣
ҡҲ֪£Ī⣬ܹ֪ġ
Ծ֪ʲôæҡͷ
˺Ծദһʱ䣬Ҳ֪ȷʵǲ˵ѡ߷塢ҵ˵ȴһˡ
ѵӪʥָ֮أʲôｨͿԽġ˵һμʶ󣬺;˵ľʵ
ȻҵֵܣۡԺһˣ
˲ͬκõϢʱ򣬲ɵһЦȻǳ˷ܡ
СӡҲ̫з˰ɣ
ȸϣվһȺʵŮӣͬע⵽ͻȻ֮εض¥
壬ʲô
ϣͬȺѧͬע⵽۵ĸۡͬˣʱĶ˼һֱڼӡע⡣
ͬҲǵһ̲ע⵽ȺɽУѵӪĸۡȻġ
һۣúʧȥ档ͬΪ£һʱ䲻üͷɻѡ
ҵСӣӦҲ̫˰ɣҪｨأչĽ𣿡
һɽͷϣ֣ͬע⵽ɽϵı仯
ֻƬֻ֮ӾʹϷɳһֻһֻ
ʱ˿̣ȴ֪Щ仯
ѵӪרŵңֻΪﵽԪ߽׾Ϳʹá˿̾С
һµʱ䣬˼¾ˡסٻȥԾǶѼ
̶ȣһ²պɽѷɫ١
࣬ӦÿҪˡ
ڵϣа
һµĻѾյķǳˡһݳԴӳǧķϸСľУ׼κһԼҪеСľ顣
иоԼӦÿҪ¾Сɣˡ
ͣ
һϸľ飬һνʡնɲǼ䣬һϸԪƿն
ԪһҫĿƥһǰ͸ɢ״Ϣһһʮһľ˵۾ȥ
һµĿ̿ĽںڰҲ׵ľ˵۾ͫף䡢ָ⣬ǡϸСĲλǰеϣ嶼Ծ׼С
аգһУֻľ˵۾ǰ󶴴һָС⻬Ŀ׶
飡
Ȼڴʱͻ飬;ľ˻ɵĵطĽ𵴣ʽȻͬлͻײ󱬷һĺƾɢС
ǲа
̾ϢһеĹâ˲䵭ȥġ¾ԼеĻҪ
žѧʵҪԶԼĻҪߵĶࡣ
һ뽣һԪȻѾܲˡǻǲа̫ԵˣȫݲʵɲͬһҵĽͲκε⵽ô£ǻ𣿡
а
ѾǵʮһʧˣоԼǳʲô⡣
ʱȷһŰɣ
̾һվ꣬һҵĹɢ
ǰȣϢ˲١
ˣܸıһ˵ʡһµġ¾˵ϢҲͬһѼʵһι˼䲻ŭη
ټϹ⡢־弸ϰ˲ΣȻûرĶڹȻ١
ȻûͻƵԪ˽ףʵȻ١
һµʱ䣬ҶŬ
߳ϣͷüãһƬææµµȻļ
ƺܵǳҹϮӰ죬о˶ƴ书Һܶдʱȫһʵսļơ
˶һһرиջ񣬺͸տӪʱȣԸоѵӪڵ󶼱ýȻͬʵ԰θһ
ౣ
ʱͻȻһࡢͷ̧ͷֻһֻֻŸͷϷ裬ϵѵӪ뾩ʦķ
ѵӪ󲿷ֶƽ˵ͨĹĺûô顣öҲµõЩȻѵӪеЩӵйء
ҲǾӵܵһַˡ
ౣ
ЦʱͻȻһһŸĽͷ̧ͷһֻŸԶ²˭Ÿ룬ͻȻ巢ֻŸȻֱԼ˹
ţ
üͷһ£ĿܿۼֻŸϡ
ǣ󲮵ţ
Ÿϵһö𻷣Ŀ¶һĨɫֻŸǴبġ
ǹؽŸϵĽ𻷣ңֻ𻷴ĺ塣ǷǳҪ飬һǲֵġ
Ҫң
忴Ÿϵż㣬üͷ


229 ³Ҫʦ
بǳ͢سæкҪ飬һǲϵԼԼ
ӡУһԼԼ¡ʱ򡣶ңѵӪغϣӦףʱû飬ǲҪԼġ
֣
а졣Ǻܿ뿪
뿪һС·ھ벻ԶȺɽ֮УһɫᣲڸǵͣţԱ߼ҵĻĴܡ
󲮣
ڳ棬ԼĴب
بһϮɫıȴݣȻĲǳͶȴȻȻйɳ͢سϡ
ʱüͷ΢ƺʲô
ˣ
ب̧ͷüͷչ¶һ˿еЦݡ
ɣ
بָߵλþبܽبߣʾ岻һС
ִǰġ
󲮡
ûоܾһȻبԱ
ڶԼǰ֪֮Լıֳ׵Ӯ˴󲮵ΣأұĽΪͥһӣ
ݼڣڴ󲮶Դĸ׺Сǣǳĺ˳ȫûǰô
ѵӪô
بһ΢Цû̸£ǹѵӪ飬ȫһȺͳͷ
ã˵һɽϣ
ҲЦ
ڴǰǳ⣬Ͱһĳ޳Щ߽߱ǽǵС£һҺʹب֮ʵûʲôޡ
ҲǴ硢֮һ㾺ԼүүӰһѡ
ѾˣǷʲô෴ᾡȥøõķչﵽߵĳɾ͡
˵ķչӦýһССĳڡӦ÷ڸء
ǺǣҲ֪Ǳ˼̡ͻ˺͸߾Ǳ٣жǵòʧۣǰ֮֮ʦɼĸֹЩĸڣҲᰲȫЩ
ب
ǳ͢سȥΧҲᳬһĶֵأҪô֡ȫָɸ塣
л󲮡
һϲһ㶼ûоܾ˼ûʲô֣ҶĸȻԽԽá
بҲЦڶǳĿءһδϣڳҰĵλӰ죬Լֲˣϣĵͳͳ֡
룬ǣͳͳûϣһжСֶϡ
ب֪δ׹ֻпܽӰ죬Ҵδߵ۷塣
δϣ
ɶ˱ǲġ
ˣǱϵ𣿡
بͻȻ
ȣΪʲôʵ
üֵ
Ǽ棬黹ûкõֵزңѵӪҲǺܲ㡣
û𣿡
بֱһ˿ɻɫ
ӦҲˡԼһ£Ӧù˶ãͻˡ
û˵ԽɻԼ𣿶ҴΪʲôôƶ
³ǣ
ɻĿ⣬بĬһֱӵԼеĿġ
ʲô
·һɽѿĻ͵۾³ǰϴ󶼻츨󽫾
ڴƵľ磬³ǾصĽɫ
³ݵλ֪󲮵˼˵ֻߣͻȥ
Ȼب˵һ
³ϣѾʮʮʱˡս£˹ǱҲܰȫ³һֱûʲôλã׽ʦˡ
بû˿顣
ɫء³ǰϴ󶼻͢Ĵ󽫾͸֥һĴڡ
ͻȻҪҪССи
һͷ贳
Ժӹһͷ
͢УеλöѾ̶˵ġָ֣ǸȵĽ³Ҫ
µ룬ԭеĸ֡Ըɳңд󲮶ܵӰ졣
Ϊ֮ô࣬Ե˶ˣƱضӰ졣
ҸҪǣ³Ŀǰκһ
ͻȻеףΪʲôѵӪ£Լˡ飬ңʹ󲮹ϵġ
ؽԼ
֮ǰڶʹ¼Щ֧Լ棬³Ƿ³һ飬׼ȷ˵ԼǷ³һ顣
Ҫĸְλ
ʵ
飡
ب
У
ĸ֣Ƥһ
һλθڲС
ܴеľƸطı߾ڳ͢ӵľصĵλس
۵λ黹ڸطĶ󶼻֮ϡ
³ҪͥαλãҰĲС
ٶʵ̫ͻȻˣоЩͻأ˵ˡ
һθ߲ϴƣ󲮣Ҧң࡭˶ǣС
̧ͷŴبͻȻЩףԼ²ֹԼ˼
ҹ𣿡
ʵ
ûСҪңҲҡ
ب˼بǳس鳯¡ڶûһְٰ˫ĵλȫһ
Ȼ֪δȾǴƵһͷڣȻûдﵽһ
ȻûңѾ˼ˡֻһС⡣̫Ͳܲˡڻ̫˼ʥʵ˼ֻ³š
ôˣûܵڡطĴ󶼻ı飬ǰûгɹǰʱ򣬰󶼻α飬ʧܣǰڵʱ磬̫ڵʱҲˡ
ب¶˼ɫһӴϢҲ֮ɢ¶͢سһ档
³Ҫα飬ʮа˾ʧܣҲûгɹĿܡڵǣͬ⣬³Ľ룬ҳΪʸ֮Уܵĵӡ
ʱ򣬿ɲֹҦң࣬еطϵĴ󽫡ˡ³ھе˿Ҳǲ١
ǲͬ⣬³ʧ˻áһɹ˱飬ʱҵĵ˳ҦҺһ顣ҵ˼𣿡
بɫص
Ҳ̰ͣڵǣ֧֣³ɹˣһӣΪʸ֮С
Ҳ֧֣һ³ɹˣʱпһλĳޡ
вٵھ磬ĸס磬֣С塣顱ӵбȨһλ飬Ҫ̫¶ۼǰҹ¾Σյĵط㹻Һһ
ھ֮Уȴı飬˭֮ܳأ


230 ɸıĴƣ
³ʧˣɡ顱ҲǾһϴ󶼻ݣȻӵоصĵλӵġ
ȻҲþ³ƽ޹ˣ߸һҦȥǾ͸ˡ
ҦǱʲô̬ȣ³ûҹǣ
һ˼
ûС
بҡҡͷһ˿͵ɫڵȷʵ˹Ŀ൱˵ܲĹؼ
û³κһͬңҦңκһǰû̫Ľ飨⣩֮κһûг
£ңҲͬ£Ҧҡⷽ棬ûκι˼ɵġ
ҦǱ߻ûκεı̬鷳ġǸոտʼڻ޷ж³ǱߺҦҡûнӴ޳ɣҦҵжԵʮа˾ŻᷴԡǷԣҦҾԭ޳ɣʱҲ޳һ󲻳ɣҦҲһܹ˺ôȥ
بһ˫Ũü
鼬֣ǲġϵ£治һ㶯ǵȵ䶨Ȼ󲨡
֪ҡţһߴ߼𣬻ͷء
׷ֲòϸ
ңʸЩ˲࣬Ψһһ
ò׼ε飬³ܲܳɹ
Ƭ̵
ǣ
ب֣صĵ˵ͷԼֶǰҲûʲôġѾ˺ܾˡ
󲮷ģ³һͥ

ʲô
بһľȡԵ壬ֻɫƽĿ򶨣һֳأյĸоƺ飬Ѿ˼˺ܾá
بġû뵽Լô϶Ĵ𸴡
Ϊʲôô϶
بɫصѾܾˣ֪ΪʲôȻرĿ϶
ֻبô˵
Ǻǣ󲮣಻ң
Цˡ
⺢ӡ
بɳЦЦԼֶţҲͲˡ
³һϱλõġ

ֻϱλãҲһ³κҺҦ֮κɱ𡣲ֱӾܾҲǡ
³ȻҹͼȾָλã϶ƾ衣ھδʹһԥһҾãȻ³Ҫϱλõģ󲮺βʱǰдһ֧³
һҲ³ǵ顣³Ը˴󲮵ţһϾıѾã־ڱصáǴȴڿͷϳϣڳϱ̬ȡ
һԿ³ڳ͢ϵЩˡȵʱ³һҴ󲮡ʱ򣬴ʽ̬ȣ֧١³ǵ飬⣬ҲԱҳΪʸ֮У
ͷ°ͣ
͢ϵ飬漰飬һǲ͵ġ³һλδڳռһصĽɫ
Ѳϵ岻òء
ˡ˼³֮ôߵʵΪѾһİˡңˡҦҡﶼпܡдһ֧Ϊԭɡ
بƺʲô
š
˵ͷȴ˼֮Կ϶³ܹϱλãΪ֪ЩΪⱾʷ
δʷעҪչ
Ȼˣˡ
بЦЦͻȻ֮ࡣһ˵ѵӪ£بܿ뿪ˣûоκˡ
ŴبʧԶһЦҲȥı
벻³ҪͥΪ飡
Զü¶һĨǡ
³Ҫ͢بκȨƵĶ忴ȴǵ۹δ
һ޿ɱ⣡
󲮲֪³Ҫ볯õʱ𶯡ʷһֻ֣ǰ
ϱӣⱲӣ³ɹ˱λãԼ롣
Ȼû֪ǣ³뿪۹϶˷ȴɴ˿顣
Ҫֹ֪³һҰĺǿˡڱ߽ʮʮ̲꣬סˡ
³ûйֻ޵ıһлϣ
һΣȻԸҲǱѾȥһУҲſһС
ͥϣѾģʮͷŶκ˶Ȱ費˵ġ
Բ͹һλط󶼻󽫾غڵݣǾԲȰּľġ
ңֹˣ³ҲһٴŬԵڶΣΡʱһ³ɹʱҵС
Ҳ岻ͼͨبӰԭ򡣶ңһһڶʹ¼³ԼҲֶ𱨣Ӳŵ顣
Σ˼һҪ³ȥ
а
һûиߴ󲮣֮Կ϶³ϱλãΪ̫һϱλãΪڳʵ̫Ƶˡ
ֻа³ǳ̫ڳȹԼĸݡĻ̫ˡ
ΪĿģһȫԸ³λ
ͬҪ³ϱλã³ҪС˶Ϊ³Ұ̫
忴ȲпĻĺ֡
ֻܹĶֻ̫ܺ³һ£ɼ顣ڴƳãֻǸС
֪˶Сδľ
һλδĵλҪԽҦ졣ȻȲҦּĴڣȴԲ̫ࡣ
ȱκΪĶĶࡣ
֪Լ̫ǳŻ³ǰ̨λ
˺ð¡ֻ³λȲ˳ϸ̨ʵҰġ
³ϣ˻³Ҫģһ̫һȡ
˶Ǵδպġͷ
Բûǰļ䣬嶼֪³ͥǲֹġ
ϱӣبվ˶飬Ϊ̫жݡһΪԼԭ򣬴󲮱СĽ࣬˼Ҳϸࡣ
Ҳοĵط
û⣬ڸǸ̨ʱɡ
ԺиһӰ̾Ϣһ
ʷĴߵһ³Ҫ뾩ʦǸˣҲһΰϴ󶼻λá
飬ȫֹģ
зһ
档ģֻһǸƽϣͨԼŬһıδĴơ
Ҳüӿˣ
а


231 Ľչ
ɽ뿪岢ûмǷֱ塢øżңȥһš
İлĽȥֺʱ˵ҲӦòˡ
㣡
һֻֻŸѵӪϿշ裬ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬յ˼š
ĸ׻صģ˵ﵹһƽֻһʼϲ飬ССȻȥѧˡ
Ǹ˾˵ġʦңһĻҲȷˡ
ô£
յţĿɿڴ
Сãʦ
ֻһʦǾǡаˡа˵һֱܡڼᶼû
Сúĸ֪аˡĴڡ
⵽ô£СôܵȥңһϲôͻȻô̿ࣿ
˼⡣
֪ԼСõԸҪǿŬʦܴӵֻûС
ҲСõĶ֡
һжֻõСõԸ񣬾ǻԵȽУСòĶ档
ڣСþȻȥˣ
ʦ飬֪˲ࡣ˷϶˸ѵ͵ˣ˵ѾͷЩܵȥˣ
СѵԸҲǸоͷ۲ѡڴľ˲ٵĹͼĻȥ
Щģʱ䳤ˣѱСõע⡣
ҲãСʲϧԸ̫ɹҹܲסʦӦùܵסҲǺ¡
ͷһתͻȻЦ
СԼѾԪ߽ףҲĶ֡ʦаˡͬ
ƾСˢӣ»ʦǰʲô˻ңа˿ɲʲôüĿϺˣλǰ̸ɫа뢣СҪǰƤֿԡ
Сõŵһߣڶյ˴øֵġ
ʱַػʹˣкܴҲܳڵۡѾ˸ˡ
⣬Ҳᵽı¡
һµ׼˴ǮЩﹺ˼ټϼӰӵһ´ܹɵĴӣƺƵڴϱߵĺڳˡ
εĳҲ˴ġ˴ĺͼҾȻҵϺʦ
ˮ֡ͨŵĺࡢŹһڿʼ˰Ѱó̡
Ѿ˲ٸˡ
øǲġرйϵ˼ݵĽֻ쵽档
һӻԻȣЩССֵ飬һЩ޹ʹС¶һ飬ǴãǴøǷǳ֧֡
棬ҲΪĸл
ʮƽ۾գһ£͸֡Ѿݹϵˡ
˪͹øֶлֶû˵
˵Ѱ˶û棬ΪһɣһĽڡ
ĸм
ҿһֶû˵ѡκΪѰЩ
忴ùáøţϵıҲǹŹֲѡ
ɼȻһû飬ǾʵһֵٶûС
棬ѰҲ档ʮƽҲǿЦġ
ȻδԼ̫ܲںڣҲûеʮƽ𲻵µĵز
˵ѾĻҲӦòˡ
üһͻȻ˺ܶࡣ
ڸûõĸ֡йڣĴͻϺܶࡣ٣ͷи֮ˡ
ҹݿ֪ͣҲǰְеΣա
żҵˡ
а
żҺ漰ɽкͿʯԼװ
ĵĿ
ļƽУ;żҵĺǼҪһ
㣡
һֻӴԼڰʱ֣յ˾żҵš
λҪĺ飬żһǼ¡ԣλظģȻżҵļ
һ˳òˡ
忴żҼţгһżҵļϸһµĽչ
֧֣żҵұѸٵĸϣҴģ׳
ƵЩʮֳ޼иι׳壬һʼͷ˷չĽչ
һµʱ䣬ھѾ˰˰ٶö޼ǧ壬ȫҪֶ죬ÿһʮļ̷ġ
Ķսе
ҵʵһҲöǾżңôࡣ
ң⻹ǲȫֻǶþżҵһֵ
ͲҺſԱ⡣ż췽ʵﾡչɡ
⣬պԼżǱѾ˰˰ȸĴԼڣȫ֡
żҵļҲίıʾܲܳæ죿
⣬ŻһذϹԪš
ذϹԪͬᵽȸ¡ѵӪһ£ζŽѾһûһ
ҲòˡĽʱһߵ鲻١
ţ˼
ĵţȴյġĻĽһ·ǰֺ
ﰵбĽꡣ
ֺԶһµʱҲӦõˡĽ˴ŵΣ
ĽڽֺѾҵŵ㣬ƾŴǴİĽõ˺ܴķ㡣
ֺˮһ죬Ľܴķ㡣
ԤϵĽһֺչֳĳ徢ĸɾԼҹæũ棬Ѱźʵġ֡
ֺµǼ䷿ݣĽ꼸šһ֮дʱ档
ʱֱӾ˯﹣档
˯εʱĶ߶ֵ顣ĲòġĽѾһѣʲôˡ
ֻ취˯ŵʱԪãǡѪĻȰ˵ȰȰĽ꣬ҪҪôƴ
Ȼû˵м䣬嶼ܸܳĶȳλ˷ǳľء
һٱʾҪڽֺһֱλ˵˼
ʳΪ족ôʱ䣬ҲӦףĽоϵ񣬲ֹǹڵ£ǧ
ڽֺ뷨һ㶼֡
ҲãػҲӽˮ»ʲôʡ
Ƭ̣ܿ͵ͷͬĵ
ĽеоĹ˿ģй֮޲
սܶʱ۾ĵط
˵ĽӽˮĴڡδսʤ½սЩעĽ䡣
ĽеҲΪδµķ
ĻᵽһϢ
ʮʳѰңĽһӻũľ飬ĽѾڽֺũҵ˵һꡰԲꡱ
õĽԭ֪ʵġ
ȻԲꡱķ㲻ʲôӽˮҲúԶ˵ѾǺܴĽˡ
ܷԲ꣬ҲӦòԶˡһ̤졣
尵οѡ


232 ¾
еһж̤졣
飬ò̫ˡѩһʼǾƲɵԽԽԽԽ֡
˵ԼǰڵѩȻûпʼ׳󣬵Ѿʼˣ
񣬺Ծ䡢κǼ˼֮ܿٴ
ʱһȥÿһ嶼
֮
ͣ
֮УâӿͻȻ֮䣬͵һһĨĹ⻪Ķ
Ĩ⻪ϸ˿ȴޱȣէһȥĿޱȣ۾ң⻪䣬ȵӳʮԶû˿˥ɢ
ͣ⻪ӴʮǽڣѸٻΪޡ
ǡ̫ˣ
忴Ĩ⻪мޱȡ
ʮĴĦм䷴ڽڵԪѹ˼㣬һϸ˿
ϸ˿һƣȴԪѹĽ
ôˣˣ
ޱȡ
ҲǵԪȴѹ۵˼ԪΪˣԽֵǰǿ
һֻ̣֮ǰиջˡ
ţ
˼ܵʱͻȻоһĹâ˽̹âǴӴţطġǴǰǽ͸ˡ
ĵطһңûһġ
ҲΪӦ֮ǰֱϰˣһâʱ򣬻оǳ֡
֣Ҽǵ֮ǰûйİ
ӵ˽˳Źâ͸ķ߹ȥֻǽϣһ׶ߵĵطǽԼ͸һϸСĿ׶
ĹâǴ׶սġ
忪ʼûһָǽǺܿ죬ͷӦ׶Լ֮ǰϰ¾һеĵط
ô£ѵҸոշһǽڶˣ
˴˶סˡ
ڵܵǽڲľʵģǸġķǳѽ죬ѵӪҲֻϲС
ѡǻֺ˽ԵԸ߽ϵõġ֮ǰ쿴Ľǽһ߶
ôĸǴ󵶱ٿ׵ĻˡȸôƻҲǳ
ǾǽϣȻһϸС緢˿Ŀ϶
¾Ľô
ͻȻеĶĿֹȻԼģǾԼš
ͣ
ͻȻ·뵽ʲôȻ̧ͷҲ룬ǰǽһӳͣһҡҫۣϸ˿Ĺâٴμʧںصĸǽϡ
˵ȣһƬڣ֮ǰƹâʲôûС
⡭ѵҲ´ˣ϶ҵĽ
ͻȻЩȷˡ
ѵ˵һֻżȻ
ˣ
һ˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬һϸС˿Ĺâǽ͸ǽ룬ڷ
ϸСĹâһһңӳĿ
û¾ɵĽ
һͷԺзӶǽ͸ϸС΢⣬˴ԼԼֱʡ
벻ǰ¾ȻҲŸոһȵĽȻѾԶһߺĸǽˣ㣬֪εĿ¡ֲǰھ֮Уһ֮ɱ
һһƬȻ
ǵһԵˡĿ£һԼȥ
һɲǼ䣬Ժи棬ͻȻ˲ٵ¡
ֹӵǿʵӵпµ̬ķ
ǵǳܡǿ󡢼ͣҼûʲô㡣ܶƣȫûЧ
սǿʽȫûô㱻ݴ壬Ҳ̫ķ
ǿɱѧҪۿۡ
˫ĹȫͬһΡ
ΪԭںǵսУ˲ءƺµʦǰҷ
ѪɾЩߵǵʵȴҪ¡սϣ༸ȫ޷Կˡ
ۼʶһ֧ǧɨӵĳ
ѵ֧ӣҲȺȺŵõġ

ֱ£Ȼһ֮ɱɱ˽ߣ
ǰ˵µʱֻǾжȴ֪
ӴҲ£Լǰ¶书ֵʱҲʩչһ㲻ʲôġơѡ
ƽĽӴУ˽⣬Ҳһִ֣ڹȥͱ֮Уòֵˡ
ʵ޴Ӵȡ
һ˽⵽˽⵽ǿµıɽһǡ
ھʦЩ״Ǽҵġ
а
ԲԿ϶ЩȻǧٿסټǿܣҲһֻ·һ
ȡǿĽѧֽ侳ǿߣҲаգԴ͸вǵı壡
˴󶨣ҲԽ϶Լġ¾ǡĳ汾
žѧĻҪǿĶࡣ
žѧҲаȥʵʩԼļƻˡ
ļʲôڰбһԼĽ
¾ͨ书Ȼͬ
ֶĽһҪڵԪͨھѭһϵѹɴֱϸԽԽܣҲԽԽ̡
ѹ㣬ֻһ˿ʱԪת˽
̼
Ĳص㡣Ԫѹ£תϸ˿Ľʱ򣬽Ҫķ֮ϵ⡢Ұϸ˿Ľһɳ׳ϸ֣ȻһɸӴ׳ǿĽ
һ͸ӵʱʱ̣̿һ㶼á
ʱ仺ĹȥĽÿһնнʼϸ˿ǴһȻĲӡ
ȻͬڹܹоõԼʵÿһնӡ
ӴϸʱԸоԻ
ָоİƿˡ
ˣӦǾΪԵԪ߽׵Ϊ¾ҲֻһˡҪһǿ󣬿µõȵԪ˽ײС
һһɽָͬɽûʮ೤ֻңĹâ̫ҪĿڽ²
ԪΪȴӵǿĽһҲֻͲ¾õ
ͣ
賤ǽһĴǽϹһ
ɵ
ĲˣҲӦóȥˡ
ڰִ֮˳ȥҲʱӭԼķÿ͡
ʮʮ֮λδĹүסˡûֱȥĴبܵѵӪҵ塣
ѵӪɭϣĴب壬ŸˣȻѵӪţܼš
Ȳͬ
Ȼ̫壬̫ʥҪƣҡڵʥȰ㡢οʵ壬ܽѵӪˡ


233 ȼݵ
ɽȴźɫñһϮذ׳ۣͷͦأΧཡ˶ĴƲ
ɽϮϮȱ˫֣һϮɽ趯й׿Ⱥλá
뾩ǲ£Ѿķ緶ѧ߷ˡ
֪ģⱳӰֻ࣬Ѿηɾʿ
֪ȵϸģҲöǵӣȻˣÿμȵʱҲɵ̾ణλδĹҲм֮ġ
ѧʲô֮Ҳ˵ݡڷܺѧ˼ֹ̾ÿ˶Ŭܹ£ʿ緶ѧôġ
֮УλδĹѾͳеһЩ󳼴ûˡ
һĵֵزöĶģҲǸˣ
̾
֮΢ĩĳôߵλãûԭġ忴ǰһĻ˵ܶˡ
ܿһ̹ٵĴӭǡѲҪ廹ǰ㶼ܾá
ˣ
ǰ͹ϣĶһҲعͷ
壬þòˣ
壬üͷչϲЦտ͹£˹ȥһӡ
ˣ
ҲЦӭȥ
壬һ²οܲһ
´壬һ۾ע⵽ϵı仯һɫ
ѵӪܶˡҶе㲻ʶˡ
û˵
ǰȻҲб£˸оһСĸоڵ壬ͺĥһַâ¶ĸо
˵ϢҲ˱ޱȣ˲С
̶һµʱ䣬ܷôı仯ҲѹȾ档
ˣҲʲô仯
Цŷϵ
֪ʲôѵӪĹԼġ¾ܵǹ¾Ӱ췢ı仯
飬ȴǰ͸¶
ǺǣԼȻǾͿóˡ
ȿ壬һĨĨɫ
ţˡȥɡҪһߣɢɢ
ͻȻԽ󣬶֪ͨĽ̹ٵӵְ˰֣˿
ǺǣСܣȤһߣɢɢ𣿡
ȵˣͻȻ΢΢һЦһֻƣڴˣȻԾѡ
̫֣Ȼ;ŹýݣΪֵܡ
Ǻǣ·ǡ
ȱ˳ƺл⣬󲽸ȥһһңܿ첢С
£
ֱӿżɽ
⡭˵
ȹ¶ԥһݵӣ
ʵεѵӪֳʵ󡣡
Ŷ
һɻɫȴǰЦȿ»֪بѵ
ϵ飬Ȼûעֻȳ֪󲮲µû
³ͥ¿ǵĹͷ˵Ӧǿе㡰ˡ
ҪȻȲأƵԼ
ϣȿ±³Ҫļ
а
֪ûע⳯е¡ϴ󶼻³ͥѾڳҰֵ÷зʵڣڽϣ³ࡣȿѶڽϹص·ϡ
Σ³Ѱ˼ţ˲г𱨳ж³ңȹҵһΣҶϣԲΡ
һϵ
֪ϸˣΪΪ˱֪ϡ
˵ʲôһǿȷȺ³Լˡ͢ΪԼԺλ·
Ϊ³󣬻ΪԼ
ͬģ鱳̫Ҳͬڳ̫µˣرǳˡ̫¼ȺĿ̫࣬еУֻ²³١
ϣô
ڣһɽɽ׵һ·ɽȥ
ܣ֪بǳеسڳӵзǷӰ졣֪Щݣֻ³˶жܲܡܲ㣬󲮡
˵棬ƺЩݡ
ԣ
û˵꣬ͻȻЦն

һӴסˣɣԣ
ܣ㶼֪˵ʲôأ
Ǻǣ㲻붯Ҵ󲮣ڳ֧͢³𣿡

ȲŵĿ壬˶סˡ˵壬Ȱ˵Լ֧³ס
ϾҪȷʵЩݡ
УѾ˸׼ֻû뵽׼Щһûϡ
ûаѻ˵꣬ȻѾͬˡ
ϲ֮죬Щֲ
ܣĴӦ𣿡
ȻЩţЩûʧ
š
˵ͷ
ȻԼ£˵Ȼ³ҪģaӦҲ³Ƿ˾
Ȼ翪ڣҪĻҿɽһˣȥҴһˡ

̫ˣܣҴ³лл㡣
ȴϲ֪һĵλ죬ȥӷϴĵλ֪
棬ĳɹʾʹˡ
ܣɹ³ϱλãһʶúлл㡣
ȿĵ
ڳʵѾϵ˲ˣֻϧͷһʱȻް취
ңĴبǸһҵӰ̫мĿɡ
ϵԼδɲȲʶ
Ǻǣµ³˳ɹ˵ɡˣ磬ϱ߹һ£ʶһλŴ𣿡
忴ĵһ˫۾ȴȣԶǳں
̫ӣ
Щ
̶߸֣ĶУȴȻһȻһƬӣȴ϶Ȼʶӡ
һɲǼ䣬糱ӿ˲ϢԺӹͷ
ܣΪʲôѵҺоɣ
ЩӶд
ȷʵЩ֣ǽϵ̫أȻŹְСֻþƣ˸ŶѡʵϣȨ̫
̫أƳ͢нλ֮ࡣ
ڴƣֵ֪ˣ޼
ʵЩ֣ôĹһڽϴġҲû̫λ̫ء
λʦĹӣһṳ̂ʦĵؽ磬Ȼ֪һ̫صĴʵ֡
û˵ȵıĿȫ۵ס
֪ʲô
ڵȷʵĬĬţ֪δŽ쳹磬ӰƵĹ񣬲ҽʮսʿϵһ
ĬĬŵġӡ֮󣬽һ˭Ҳ޷ӵĴڣ
һλδġؼ


234 ţ
ǺǣֻǴӼ˵̫صְˡˣ˵̫طǳŮɫ
װ
ܣǴģ
˵ĻʱĿĶˣùЦ
Ǹ佫ֻԶԶһ档͵ĺܡ֮أûܶЦ˵޵ĺҵ³˵һΣ˵λ̫Ǹ޹ϡܣֲ飿
޹ϣ
һ˿
ˣܣҲСˡӦöŮζˡģʲôʱпյģ뿪ѵӪȥǵĹ֮ؼʶһȦ
һ˵ӣͷ۲ѡӵɲ˼ˡ
ϽֿȵעȻò˼佣̫ӵ飬˸ڰȴ򷢻ȥ
Ǹ޹ϣ⵽ô£
ȵ뿪ɽŴ˿ʯ棬һ˳˼
ȵȥ֮ǰһЦ֪Լʲô֪ԼΪʲôӣҴģȱض𾪵Ŀɿڴ
ʵϣȵδǼ鱬ҿ϶ʱٻĶԻȻܵ޴𾪡
岢ӡġ
گ֮ս
ԭ
δĴƣڶϷӭһ޴ҵսڴս޲ʤ޲˵ʷϣǵһصʧܡ
ʮĴսʿͬУξ٣ͿأѪɺӣԶ˴ƶϵսϡ
һʧ磬ҽӰ켸ʮĴƹˣ
³򣬲ػ˼ʮ갲϶˲ó󶼻ױĴ󶼻
۹϶ˣӴ˳׵ʧȥϣİҲܵԽƣ
еһУ׷ȴֻΪһ˺Ůˡ
ǽ̫ءӡŮˡŮ˲ͨŮˣگĹ޷òӺŮ
ûĿľΪͲĿߣ
ֻ֪˺жġࡱ
ӡ̰ŮɫɫԡڴƷگĹ޷Ůǰǰ˵Ļᣬڳмɱˡ
޷õϢŭڣƣǰկΪŮҲⳡǰڵս

̰Ůɫگ޷ŮⳡսʹʮĴʿ߶ϣȴϧ
گ֮ս֮ȫԹŭȫеӵϡڳӵʬǣʬйߡ
һս֮ǧָ
岢ʶʲôӡʵ̫Զˣλʵ̫͵ڽϴˣһ֪⣬ȣ˵ˣ
ʼվãһ¡گ֮սġ¼̫ˡ
ԭܼ򵥣
ɱģ
޷﷢ӵأΪ̫أ֪أûѡ˱ܣҲûѡܣѡɱѳл
һ㣬޷ﶼϡ
飬˭˭ǣѾû֪ΪеһжڳС
²˸޷Ůôص飬һ˶Ŀ֪
߼׽ˣ֪ȿУ˽³
һսߵˣԼˡԶܱ֪
е࣬ȫڸ޷һ˵Ŀ
Ǽ飬޷Ҳǲڳǡ
ƾڵ飬һگĹ֪
ƣڵ궼ûܹ֤ʵ˵Ժˡ
һȫȷϵģǾһɫԣŮĴڣѳ顣
ܻᱻߵɱҲܻսбɱɱνɫǻ裬оˣܵѡ˱ܣܣΨɱ
Ůɫˣήң˾ɱ
ңҲ˵ˣǸ޹ϣŮɫȥ֮ءһȫġ
ǣ޷Ůȴȷȷʵʵڽϣǵ˵ġ޷һȻҲҰģҲִñ鿪Ц
¼أ̫̫κìܵĵطˡ
ϱӣעǸ˿Խ⿪տһӣΣ嶼Ҫҿյס
Ϊףⲻֹǹϵһ˵һϵǧǧĴƽʿգƬÿһˡ
³ͥҪ뾩ʦΪ̫أչҲҪÿһνְ갲ϴ󶼻ô飬չ㲻һεޣҲҪһΣʥʺͳ͢ѯʡȵӽʱǼ٣Ҿ˲֮ԩһ棬òʵ飬̼ļۣʱһ֪
̧ͷƾ棬ȴ뵽ࡣ
Ǵ̫أּ˭лӴġ壬Ҿֻᡣ
ӽٶº顣鵹ǲüһʱ
Ƭ̣ܿ뿪ɽšҪȥһҪˡ
ӣ
ɽ£ľïʢһݵشׯƽͳ˼Τ˿壬оڵĽ͸һ˿η塣
ׯƽ˼ΤǴӼЩִˡ

ˣ
˵˵ͷǶյϢϹġ뵽ׯҺͳؼҵĸ֣ҵ顣
ণ
УɲǼ䣬𶯣̳һҵԶд
ľľ졣·ɭһͷ޴һ
ϣ
ֻһ󳤳˻գۼ䣬һͷް㽡˶ӴƥɭԾ
޴սӳʮԶ߸ߵĴ˵ͷӹȥһɲǣ忴ϣһߴ˶ؼʿĿƾˣǷ·סա
飡
ս֫ŵأһĵطս£⻪䣬ɲǼ䣬һȦҫĿɫ⻷ս˷俪
ү
ׯҵؼʿϷĿбӣȫɢһɸصϢ
㲻֪ĵϸҲܴϸоһǿвʣ˵ʵǳǿ
ׯȻ
ؼʿɫ
ׯҵޣȵͳ˧λõʱׯҵսˡ
ˣҲԵһµׯ
⻹һμЩǵׯ
ׯҵսرĽ˶ߴ󣬱֮ѰսҪ߳һͷҹȺҲر˶
Եľ֫Ͳ𣬳С
ġޡս֪


235 ع飡
Ǻ
ϲѡΪһʵսϡΪıԪ˧൱ϲġ
սװףʿȫҪѵׯϺѾγһϵԼ弫ΪҪҲֲׯҶĵǴϸơ
а˼
꣡
˼ʱɭһĴ죬УһſŴȻ¡
Լ￳ɽܴϸûʲôܹ赲Ŀ
䣡
Ƭ֮һ˺ϱĴǰնȻ޴ɣȥľı֫׳ŭĿһĿ׳ȫףݲȵĴ˳
ǵĿ뻮һҫ۵ģһ˶ߵ󸫡
ƣ·ǰһɽҲһһ
ؼ
óΤ˼Ҳ֪Щ󺺵ݡؼҵķǳ󲮱⻬ƾ˵滹һѪ
ؼҳ߶೤ľ޴У˲ؼҵսϣ˴һεġ
ڼҵսϣЩ˾ѵͻûʲôܹסЩµ󸫡
ү
΢΢˵ͷ񡣲ׯһǳؼңЩսԼ
λӣǾŹѪļ죬Ǿ͸Źһȫ
ׯƽͳΤ˼ԼҵԸ
ү
Ź֣ׯҵؼҵжʱ¶𾴵ɫ
ڴƵ۹Źܾ磬һ㲻ֹǳҰҲһλǾŹѪôҲͿƶϳˡ
뵽еɫԽĹˡ
ӣЩ˾͹ҪҪٵЩֹ
ǰȻҪǳѡӵĻţһͬġ
ׯƽͳΤ˼νѵӪ˿ǽӵΣҪҵ塣
κҪ嶼ȫԸ
ˡЩ˾ˣ
˰֣ܾ˵ĺ⡣Ҫ飬ɲսϵƴɱ
Ҳƴɱܽ˵顣
˾㹻ˡ
ɣ
ׯƽͳΤ˼ߺߵɽͻȻͣ
ﬣ
һɲǼ䣬𶯣սؼׯҵȫһܡ
Ȼܾĵģ˺ķʲôҲûС
ӡ
˶عͷ塣Ƕ侳ĸ֣ʲôûз֡
֪һԪôֵġ
ֻ΢ЦĿΧûн͡
ಣ
û˿ףھ˼ĵطವһһСĺӰͻȻ֣һ֦һӰӹͷٶȿĲ˼顣
Сģ
Ϯ
˴һͣʿ޴֮ͷĺӰͬһʱ䣬ϵҲȻһеǹһͬһͷŭͱͷĺӰ
ﬣ
ǽСĺӰż㣬ȻڰУ縲ƽذؼĸϡͬһʱ䣬ĳᵯһׯǹϣһշһĵϡ
似һĻ˶ˡǻûĶ֣ƮƮģȫһ
ɱ
ɫһݣ漴ɱĴս˻ǹүҪֽǺӰն¡
ס֣
ʯ䣬һӺ洫
㣬ɣ
ϣǽСĺӰվ˳ֽеֲϡ
ԭӺʶ
ׯҵͳؼҵҲӦһ׷˻ءл¶һ˿ɵ
ݿȻǸŮӣһʵȴǼ侪ˡ˵κβ
ôûʲôӰɣ
ǰĹӽµʱûʵ֮ǰǿˣҲԽĳ뻯
ûУ
֪ʵʲôҡҡͷ봬ӵ˻ûʲô⡣żмĵļһҲˡ
ûнĺڽֻһ˫۾¶档ڳ£һ㶼ôϲ¶Լݡ
ӣյĲ𣿡
ɨһ۵
ô
Ц
̫ˣҪӿǲ
㵭
쵰˵ʲôأ
˴ŭ
ߣֻʵʵ˵ѡ
һûˣֱߣŵŭĿӡ
аЦͬᣬʮа˾ǿԼ뿪֮ˣŹ˵ô
ˣǶսϵʿսǸͺݿӯٵķǽȻͬġ
΢Ц
սķ֮ɱǽȻͬġׯҵͳؼҵŵսϣֱǰ֪Ҫɱٶ֡
ݿͣһȭڿմûþȻˣʮ˴սϣȺ飬ûôŲĿռ䣬ݿҲδرսʿǿ϶١
˱һ˵ɫȻÿ˲١
ӣȥ

ҲһʱˣûôɽͻȻ뿪϶ж
Ǻǣ֪ˡ
ûϸ˵һǰȥ

󸽽һ޴Ķķ̻Իͣ¥Ⱥ֮СǹĽɫݼϣĲ֣һֻɫڡ
֮⣬ⶰķǺĶķûʲô£ͬһܴܵĺɫ
ķ
ڶһ¥ڶ¥ƾϣƣһȤζĴŶĶķ
ڡǸ߾˵ĳݺⲻʲôܡ֪Ȼࡣ
Ͼ߾شңԶҸ߾۹ʵϸߣǸ֪˻ǲࡣ
Ǹ߾˵ĵ̣ڣ߷ڳصͼĵطǸ߾˵ĵ̡
ڵ¥Ҳʮа˾Ǹ߾˵Ĳҵ
ƾڣ΢΢һ۾Ժ˺ܶࡣ
߾۹ȻʵбչߣϽ˽룬رƵˡҪǵĹҲס
ȴǽȻͬ
ǺʲôսƶֹȵĽ롣ȫһְݵ̬ȣȵˡ
еˣڴƶܵġ¶רų棬һɵ䣬רűЩó׵ˡ
Ȼµĺܶж嶼΢ʵģòϣֿšݵ̬ȣҲȷʵԼл治ǳ
нյĸȻҲֿšݵó̬Ѳϵ
ҲΪʲô߾۹ʹƹϵܽЩ߾ȴڴƵľʦԭ
߾￪˶ķ¥ׯȵȣҲֹǡ
ҲǴľôûûΡ̲ҲֵǣһһֻרŵĶҹͣĸЩ߾ˡ
ĽǣЩ߾˺⣬ǴˡּӼʮ̲꣬Լˡ
ϾֻҪˣǱ̲ˡǳ͢ʥġ


236 Ŀ꣡
˶ź𣿡
ʳжָûˣĴ졣
׼ˡ
㵭վ屳󣬰ͷ֣һô̵ʱ䣬ѾһͷɫĶңΧһȦɴᶶȫסģģС
һ˫۾һı䣬źɫɴҲк衣
ݿʣ裬۴ʲô·ڸǲˡ
ܺãǣһעְܳɫȦˡʱֻһɲǣһҪϸ⣬ֻҪžˡ˭Ҷ֡
嵭һ˵ţһֱֱۣеľƱ˹ȥʮͣȾȷʵеˣҲѧŽӴһˡ
ο滹һꡣ
ǹӣĺǸ߾˵ĵؽ硣ң̸Щʱ򣬻ǹĸ߾˵¥
΢΢ӣȻҳɵĴӹӣķŵһԵӡ
޵Ůһȴǳϵ˳¹ݿͣҲȻԸ
ȻֻǶԱԼǿˡ
߾׺ݴڶࡣŭǣǿ벻ط
Ƴ̫ʦϵ壬Ŀ͸ĵǡ
ͨһ֪ﰲȻԵáǶ֪ϸ˵վֵطֱâڱ
ھָоǺ͸߾˽ֵģЩ˼¡׺ݲҪƴɵļƣЩݿͻҪݡ
ھȻҪڸ߾˵ĵؽԸǣɲù㲻ġ
ߣ˭˵Ǹ߾˵ĵؽˣǬӽ£ﻹĵؽ磬ʲôʱֵ߾ˣ
һֻ֣ˣȺЦ
ڣ̴棬ǳƽٻû٣Ҳû˥߾˵ɫʲôʱֵ߾ˣ
ǰûԸ߾֣Ϊ߾˻أûʲô̫飬ȻǲݣҪԴ֣һоȫһˡ
뵽⣬Խı䡣Լûв˵ⷭʱһεϢɢ
ׯҵͳؼĿһ㶼Ŀһ¡
ӵ壬˵ʣηӡеӻǽȻͬ
ǣҲû֤ݰû֤֤ЩϮĸ߾˺йءһСģʲôѱ·ú»ԹӲ
㵣ĵ
֪ʲôӪһܵ߾˵Ϯڰ׻ϣκ˶ŭ
ǳĸ߾˺ǲͬġ
ЩȻŸֽѵһЩǷծˣǳ֮⣬ûʲô顣
ҪȻҲǡ
Ǻǣ֤Ȼеġ
ȻһЦӹһĨĹâ
ġ߾ˣط仹Ǵ˾֪ݿ֪ͣЩ߾ˡûʲô⡱
ȴнȻͬĿ
С߾ݿڴƳ˾֪Ȼܶ˶˵ǺͳЩ߾˲ûйϵôš
ۣȺ֡ǲ뿪ԴȪġҪ˵СЩ߾ݿͺĸ߾ȫ޹ϵôܣ
ôĸ߾ˣСЩ߾ѵڻκεطСݿǶôˮ
Ȼ̲ȷʵǼʮ꣬񡣵忴ǻ©һΪҪġ䡱
Щ飬ڸ¥ķġ˿͡
˭˵˸߾˾ֻԸ߾˵ݣڸ߾˵ľ¥ķ£
Ϊʲô߾˾Ͳð人ˣ
ֻѧһԣ߾˺ͺ֮伸ûʲô
ϸ˼̲ʲô֮֮Լʮֻ֤һʼͷˡ
Ҫҵˣھ¥档ĵط
ȥִС
ع˰ֵ
ǣӡ
ԥһ£˵ͷ
ƾ⣬ӿ͹վھ¥ûκע⡣ֽԵĵطĸ̫ˡ
ʱһһĹȥԼյվ˵ɻУߵƾǰ
Щ߾ǲǱԩģǼ٣ʵǼ٣ܿһ֪
ĿԽƾȺϡ
һ̣ʱ䶼··ֹ
飡
û˿ףҽ̧Ȼһ̤飬һ̣һѼΪ˷ſ
Ƭ߾˿ĵطͷųԼ֮С⻷
͢һֱûа취ĸ߾˺͸߾ݿ֮Ĳ𡣵岻ͬ
֮С⻷ָ߾˵õİ취
ˣ
ƾȺĵģƺûκεı仯
ţ
忴棬üͷѵҲ´ˣ
ΪԼġ֮С⻷ûκЧʱͻ𣬾Ұ֮УȺУһɫͻȻ֣һ֣ģˡ
ǵڶ
ʮһʮʮ
ʮʮʮ

ֻǶ̶ʱڣķȺбȻٵȦˣֻһɲǵʱ䣬Щɫʧ٣ľΪǴһ㡣
¥Ķ㣬ͼׯҵؼҵͿˡԼ˵
ΧһƬţ
Ȼô࣡
֮й⻷ֻ˶̶һɲܿʧˣȴһƬӿ
ļƻУ֮й⻷Ⱥ߾˵ġʵʵĽԤϡ
һķȻ߾ͳ䡣󳬳Ԥϡ
һɲǣ忴Щ߾ȫһ˵Ĵ硣òһ㶼
Ŀ׵֤ʵˡ
𣿡
忪ڵ
ĵģ˶ոյһĻˡ
šӣˣ
һл͸¶ŨŨ𾪡Ȼ֪Щɫôֵġ
֮ǰѹ㷴ӦҲµõЩȦеĶӦþĿꡣ
Ҳδ̫ˡ
ˣЩ߾
סڡ˵ˣ
󣬼ׯҵͳؼҵҲһ𾪣û˵꣬ͱˡ
ֵط̫ˣԲ̸۸߾˵ĺõط
֪ã֪ˣطĸоʱȻһ䡣ǹ˿̶¶˼ɵɫ
Ǻǣôˡոյ˰ɡʣˣ
Ľ͵ȻЦˣƿԱߵӣֱ뿪˾¥
Ȼȷ࣬ôͺðˡ


237 ߾˾ݵ㣡
ҹʦһƬž
Сòڣһ鷿֮Уɣ˷һƵԪͣӿڡ
飬֪˶ãͻȻһ𣬷·ʲôȻһ˵ϢȻһ䣬ڤڤз·θһء
ͣ
һһָһ͵һһĿĺָ
ƺֻаңƥһַâ¶ĸо
ͨԪѨȻһʹýţͷų¾
忴ָĽа
ԪŽµߣǲŵġһвǾԵġ֪һССţͨͨһصġԪѨʹţͷųڵԪ
ȡɵķҲȱݡǾֻйԪѨǼͷųԪ
ھֻͨʳжָͷų
ָĳЩʱԷӳ벻Ч
У
ͻȻһϸ΢ĽŲ洫ľèһע⣬ֱ治
꣬ɣ
ָһգָĽɢĿ⡣
֨ƣƿһӰڽ棬һҹµĴ˽ǹ㡣
ӣҵǵסˣ
뷿䣬˵ֱ⡣
΢͵̧ͷֱ㡣

ʦϣԶԶģӽǽıԵľдһŶԺ侲ĵģ֮С
ھʦظﹺõزƫƧŶԺھǷǳͨ
׷鵽ĵط𣿡
ڰУһУڵĽ俴ȥԺżյƻԼӰࡣ
ǿԿóԺ˺ܾ衣вٵںͰڡϤˡ
ĳھĵһ£ҪγԷڡ
šǸЩˣ鵽ĵһݵ
ֻһ˫۾¶棬Ķɽס顣
￴ɲһѨأ
عͷ΢΢üͷ
ʱûϢЩЩѡңǺܶ˲û뿪
ѹ¶ɫ
Щ߾ˣԶеѡαװɺ˵ĸ߾ˣĸ֡
ǶԴƼϤ
ңô꣬ٲȻѾγһ׵ϵ
߾ڳĳ¥ջĸ߾ݿͣ˵ʿ䣩αװĸ̾޼̡֡ˣסջ֮С
㷢ʵһѡ
߾˵ĽƻԶе
˶ֻע⵽Щĳ¥ջԼ湤ĸ߾ˣм˻ע⵽һ˴ɨסڹ˿͡ˡ
߾˺˼άϵ©
㣬״Ƶĳ͢Ϊʲôһֱ鲻ʲôëˡ
ɨԵ壬ҲԽľȡ
弸Ǻһʼ֪һĻ경£ùԽĻĪ
ͣҪΪˡ
̽𣿡
ʵ
šʮˡ˻ãһرҲҿ
¶ɵɫ
ʮˣ
΢΢һüͷ˼ಣһ̣һϻ£˸ʧ١
ӡ
㻹ûӦͷǰѾӰһҧϻ£Ͻ׷˹ȥ
ԺǽΧľ忴һۣСıܹЩڡڣ˹ȥ
һèסԺǽˣһɾʹܽԺ棬֮鿴úĹ㶼Ծ
ˣ
ڵϣݴܹ˸Ѳ
⴦Ժӱ濴ĻҪӴԺɢŰ˸߾ˣĴܡ
٣ΪԺӴԶǱȥǺѡ
ӡ
ӿһϤŵӺ洫Ӻ׷ԱߵĲݴС
ӣ̫Σգҽ뿪
һǵ
ݿͣĻ경ƹЩݿ׾١Ȼǡӵдĸ߾֣˵ˡ
һ֣ʱΧ·һ
ģﰲȫĺܣ
΢΢Ц
Щȷʵܾ費٣Ҳ̫СˡеѱôҶԴ
ಣĿɨܣûȵ㷴ӦƹΧǱ˽ȥ
͹㲻ͬٶȲ̫졣ӰݴԣЩ߾ĿʱӾԼʱȥ
úĹþöӦ
Լ߰˸ʱ䣬˳ǱԺӵһļɽ
߾Ȼô԰ּɽЩ԰ﾭĶļɽΪ£ֱӾͱƵˣΪṩ˷㡣
ĿϬһֱԺ롣Ȼͨ廹Ժ￴޵ı־
ڳȵϣһɫĻͼֽϣһ캢ļӰ
ڶ淿Ĵϣ忴һءͲı־
һ߾˵ʱأ𲻺á˲ᳬס
аǽӴ߾˵ģҲ²һЩݿ֪ͣǵһЩء
̫һӡڳϡעҲɡֽϵĺ캢ڡ
߾ţǿԱɺ캢ġ
ΪӡڻЩۣע⻹ǻо죬Ըĳɺ캢ͺöˡ
⣬ϵļءͲصļ𡣼ͲļԽ࣬Խߡٸ߲ᳬ֧
⣬ػһ˼
ӵ֣߸׼ȷ˵Ǹ߾ġ֡
߾ֱͻ˵ֻҪκһ߾˵ľݵ㡢أһ򣬾͵ӵһƶ̨
Χٶ࣬һʮ֧ҲҪ˲ء뵽ҲһƬҡ
ǲЩ塣ҺԹһˣһ飬ҪȻ׼£ΧҪ˲ء󻹻Щܵ
Щ߾޼ɵ߾ҲɵȫǰﵱԼľӪˡ
Ҳŭܡ
ޣ˹ءگǴʳ֧ͻʵȹǴ̽ӡֻи߾׵ġ
߾˼ͬɢأѾڴƵĹǼڣγ˼Ӵ
Щ߾˲ʲô˼ţܵ߾۹ֱ֧ԮھеλĴڶɵ߾˶͸֪
취׵İγǣ
а
߾˼ӴȻһ𣬵ȴˡɱƻ죬Ǳ롭ƺ͸߾ĺüսЩ˶˾޴ƻãӵ˴ƶԸ߾սʧܡ


238 ǰİɱ
ӣǰˡǰǸ߾ĸˡ
ڳ˼䣬һֻСִӺ˹һץסֱۡ
ңڻ֪ǲǸ߾СڵĻһ֣ǿ߶߲ˡ
ŵ
ҪԸС²ʲôܣ漰λ߾Σޱȡ
ûǧ򻯲˵һȺ׺ݡĸ߾ݿ͡
ո̤ݿȦӣһľС֡
Ϊ壬ǾԲԸȥСġƫƫӱ컹һ˾ﵽȰס
٣ģĵǶġСҲһͻʵֶѡ
תͷѹͰԼķ˵˳
⡭Сǵжͺ塣Ϊһ߾ĸֲֵûôľҪǻȳɣ뿪֮ٸ߳͢͢ʰ⴦߾˵ľݵɡ
СȰһ׵İ취
ôܣ
ЦǴ̽߾˵ľݵ㣬ɲΪ˽͢
ΪôֻΪ˱߾ҹϮġһ֮Ǿ̫ˡ
̽Щ߾ˣɲǵΪ˽͢ȥԸ
һ¡
һͻȻֽŲãͬһֻɫľᣬҡͷβৣѸǰķȥ
ӡ
һһץѾˡһ¾ùˡ
侳ǿ߸֪ǳ񣬾ҿ롣Ȼôȥˡ
Ǹ˳ԾĻں棬㿪ʼܸоĴڡգ֮䣬Ϣͬһĭʧڹĸ֪С
Ŀ⻹ԼΣϢȴȫоˣͺȫʧһ
⣿
סˡȥֲðգģȴûаտ
ȴ֪湬뷨ӰȺͰѧġϢʱó
ĿɮʦߣʩչԽԼ£ȫëױûһϢй³´лҲ˼㣬Ǽ£겻Բȶûйϵ
һ㣬嶼˵ʱҲǾ̾ѣҲʳƶ֮Ĵ֮Ȼ󣬵ȴΪ档
ġϢûдﵽԲȣ£궼ûµĵزȫëףûһϢй¶ȥõġ
£СȫǿԷġ
ϣӰҡҷһ߾˵ĵˡڽ̸
嵱ѧ߾ġ֮ǱΪոһϤĴ
ô
һеλ
òˡ׻Ѿȫ֡
һ
һϤĸоٴӿüͷԽˡڶʡ
ţȵѼȫˣͽˡϴ̫ˡ˽ô϶ԭ򡣵ʱһ֪ôˡ
еλ
ˣ
Ժ˵һȻһ𣬵ʯ䣬ͷӹԺʲô
ף
ڶӦ
ţҲעһ㣬˽⼸Ҫһ㡣ǧҪŪʲôƳ͢ɶڽǿô򵥵ģϴδӵ۹սʿǱƵ۹ӥٵսʿһûѡ
еλƺҲЩѹ֣˶ٵ
ЩսʿֵõġΪ۹Чҡ⣬ѾֻҪһһֺݵġѾϵϱ£һսʿʱ½½ҪӹڹʱôƵ۹ݺݵһѡѾһƵЩ˶Ǹ߾һֱƣʱǾǳ׵Ĵ˼ôƵ۹۵ȥ
߾꣡ʥ꣡
Ǿ·˼ѪһһӼ
⣬һǼпХɲ
СҪǰжˣ
Ժֻʣһͷ
СжֹһΣ֯İɱƻÿͻһΡ
ɱ͢سжСǰ֪ûһΣܹȵСڰ֮еһΡ
͢ʷĽ٣̲ĹһЩƵϳܵɱǸϵѾ徺ūͶȫ˴ҰʥʶΪŭ
СΪ¼ܵ͢ȫ׷־ͽԼеĹ˽
׼֮ȴ˳˳˳˴ƣȫķضĸ߾
Ƶ¼׵ĳɾ
Ӧǰ֮鰡ΪʲôͻȻ֮ǰôࣿ
ѡ
һȷ⼸߾ͷ֮ĵ飬ԾǼɡ
߾˼ھʦѾвСˣҪСӹڴģ񣬲ʷϷڰ֮ڣֻôһ顣
Լö߾Ҳû֪
ˡȥɣҪĲӻһ²ܵ롣ʱԼעһ¡Ƴ͢ڲǣҪǲ鵽ˡ
ˡ¶ˣҲ̫߿ˡƲǡҪֱ¡ʮǰǾͱץסˡ
⵹Ǵʵ
߾˹ЦҲεĽ̸
飡
ӰﲻãһŴ򿪣һ޳׳Ŀϱһɫҵĸ߾ִ˳Ŀɨһܣವһ·ݶѸʧԺ⡣
뿪֮󣬷Ҳ˰ƹУ˶ǰһƺ˳˼Ҳ֪ʲô
ߣץסǣɣ
ͬʱҲЦһԭ·˳ȥ
ӣôˣ
壬㳤һոǽˣ溦屻֡
Ѿʱֵ׼
УҲЩϵ书ѧƺҲ֪ǴƵҴ̺һ
ڿˡ
û׼ô뿪ڣıעˡ

Ӹ߾˵ľݵ뿪ûзңֱȥĸۡڴƵ۹ôҹÿһλ׹еĸۡҲֻˡ
˵Ķ𣿡
أϻһϮɫı˯бѡֵģҲֻˡ
ǧȷ
ľϸһ飬ȻȻӽȥĶ
ĻҲ޷ȡ
û˵ɫȴ쳣ء߾ɱسģȻûȷʵ֤ݣеָ˸߾ˡ
˵ģͷͬСɡ


239 Сɱ
󳼱ɱκγԵĴ¡
߾ˣڴƺͳ͢ŽǾ޴šؼǣû֤֤Ǹ߾ģ͢ûа취֡
ģһ¡ܽƾ׽ӰͶԳĸ߾˴ɱ¾ƱӦӰ췴
壬ǿСɡ󳼱ɱû֤ݣǽɨءǾԲǵ٣ҿԵǷֳ֡ѹЩ߾ˡǰǣȷǵִʱ䣬еص㡣ĻʱóȻʹ뱻
֣صǵһʱԣҲΪʲôˡ
߾˵жΧȻ̲߿ɶĹϽΧ
һֱ̲󳼱ɱ飬׵壬һͻᱻʥ£ܵǣ𷣡
ôصĺɲء
齻ҾͿˡа취һҳǵ١ڴ֮ǰһҪ°һæ
žͰѸ߾˾ݵֵ˵˳
ʵǿ󣬷ͬСɡ֪ϸóȻȥֻٶҲһȥ޻ء
һвʮˣͬǿߣû㹻ĻߵĻ
ܶԸֵֻ֡
ҪԸ֣ߵ˻ֻϲּĸ֡
ˣ
˼Ƭ̺˵ͷ
ͽˡȥƫȺɣһᰲźʵȥġ
л¡
Ӵ˳ƫ֮мŵ֣
һĸߴ׶ߵ׳վڵڣϴźףĺͰһ
һһߵľͽĿĹңдĴָϸ
ľ޼׽ȫڸһ˫۾ʲôҲ
ϣоһɼΣյϢ뻹ɣ͸оëƤëը
Ǹ֣
ԺӹһͷĿоͷƤըģǸеĸ֡
μӡȫȨĵɡ
Ǳݰ´һȴûκεĸ飬·վǰľһܲĻеһ
ҹУȷʵЩصģرĸ֡
а
ǰʱ֪Щرĸ֣ײǵǰֵĳ־˵㡣
ںҹݷġһֵָʽܣǰ󲻹Ƭ̵ĹѾѡһʵĸ֡
һɲ֧
Լһͷ׳ʵ
һ֧
ɴû˿ԥҲǵָ߳һˡ
ÿ֧Զ
ٴʵ
ʮ⣡
ٴǸ˾ȵĴ𰸡
ڰ˺ֿԴﵽԶ
漰ȴǹеһν˺֣һֻӣϵ·һƬҶӿ磬ﵽּ𣬲ܽ˺֡
ǹеһݡ
֮۲һϵƻҪҪߺܶࡣΪƻ磬ȻҲ㲻˺֡
صǵ׳ԥƬ̣ûش
ʮɣ
׳ĬƬ̺
ʮɣ800ˣ
ںڰĻУ800ܹһֻӱϳϸС·ĿѾ侪ˡ
ĿϹ˵ʵںڰУֱǸ޵е塣
ʱϲ
ɣ
׳徶ֱ뿪
СǱٻһ²Żʽжʱǿȫ㹻֣ټϹ㣬ԼׯҺͳؼҵĸ֣岻Ųңȫ濪ʼԼĽƻ

ҹž߾˵ľݵ֮Уһͬһƽ
һֱĿǰΪֹ߾˻ûκεĲ
ৣ
Լʱ̣һӰԺǽԽ·£͹ѵǳۡ
⼸Ǹ߾Եı־
ҹϮϮԺĸ߾˿ǳ裬һأķȷû⣬Ȼ첽ߡ
һܿ뿪ݵķΧ߼䣬ͻȻֻ֮ǰһɫҴңԼ˹
ǰһɻĿ⣬оЩɣ־ԼӦû¶ʲôӦǳԼģ˼ǰȥ
һпֻһ޹ؽҪż˿Ҫʱͻ𡪡
ﬣ
ͻȻһʵӶдڤڤ֮Уɱǣһ糱ˮ߾֡
ã
߾ɫ䣬ʶҪεǹݵźʹ⺦ͣһĽؿڣ˲ǰ룬شҵĹâ˺󷽵һô
ֻһɲǣ߾־ܵˡ
쵰
߾־ŭ˫Ծ˵ٶȳɫĳͬʱԪһȦԪɵİɫ·ţ汬ȥ
ǰɫ𶯹ΧĿɽХ
ԪŽף
ﵽţͶ䱬һȦȦɫõı־
ﵽ𣬿ͷųƣƿƣĸͷų˵еİٲȭһľѧ
߾ȻԪŽ׵ĸ֡
͵Ϯң
߾˵Ŀһ۾ͿϮԼûжߵΪ
ȫų治Լ
ˣ
Ȼһ̣ʼϲˡ
ˣֻһɲǼ䣬߾˱İɫͻȻʧͺʧȥ˻ˮ֮Դ㡣
ͻȻı仯׵Ĵ߾˵Ľֹ࣬壬ڵԪҲ׵ʧˣͺһ˫εסڵԪһΪ˲ԪŽ״䵽Ԫ˽ס
ͣ
һɲǣһ̺Żɱ¾Ϣĳҽ˲䶴ء׽˱״̬
ͣУһ͹ѪɫѪлУһ߾˵֮С
սֻϢʱ䣬㳹׵Ľˡ
⡭ô£
߾㵣˫ִ¹ڵϡһֱһ̣֪Լϵ׷ʲôΪʲôԼȥİɫͻȻʧΪʲôԼڵԪڣȴƫƫвͻȻòˣ
ԭС
վ߾˵ʬǰתڵġСһԪ͸аġСڡ
ԪĿ޷ݵģȫǧëףֻøͨȫſڵԪҲѸٵ
һʦаˡԼġСձ˵Ԫָо޷ݡ
ֲô컯Ϊаƽƽװףɾ͵Ԫĸоʵ̫˳ˡһԣײɱ¾ͷŹ˾ͻɱ飬ԽԽħ
һɲǣһƬͨ͸ڵԪֻͣڶ̶ʱڣͳµĿޣе𺳲ѡ
һθܵСǿ


240 ʵڽڰθߣ
ϲɱ߾ʮһ
ͬһʱ䣬һԺΧƺƣһɹεԪ͸֫ٺڡ
һɲǣԸоԼϢһ㣬ڵġ֮С⻷Ҳ֮˲١
һԪŽ׵ĸ߾ͬʱԪ͹⻷ûбķʽˡ
ԡСնֵԪԡ¾ƵУپɱУϵɶֹ׳С
ѭһӣΪԼƵƻһһεĳɹԼʵС
ҵΪСֻڶԷ˵СֵĲԪǸ޴ڿѾ൱ǿˣ
Ųһٶ࣬˽ٶ࣬ҲһԡʩչСеǽȻͬġ
Ҫȫһֵȫһ򵥵飬ҪﵽߵĻС
֮Сڶˣʧȥֿ֮ղֵԪѾ൱
ӣǱݿͻݿˣ
һϤͻȻһŴϣһҹд磬ವһïʢϻֽӯͬèһ㣬ȥ
һֱϿţ׼ԣ֡û뵽Ĺɾ¾ͽ˶ֵ֣ĻᶼûС
ǺǣûԹ⣬ѵû𣿡
ȻЦ
ӣ
̲ס˫죬⻰˵

Ц仰ǰĻϷһ¹㣬㵽ֹ
߰ɣʬ崦һ¡Ҫø߾˷ˡ
˵ţǰԪŽ׵ĸ߾һ󣬺ܿ˷֡
һָľУɢŵζͱ߾ؿڴӡ
žһľУܿ죬һɫĸ߾˲ӳ
Ȼ
ľе˲Σ΢΢һЦһϵӡ߾ֹ֣ΪС֮͡С⻷
һҪĿ꣬Ǹ߾˲Ρ
߾˲ҸݻǳΪɫͽɫʱԽɫԽ
ɫ˲ٶĻ
ׯҡؼҷѾţ֮óһ˲ΣЩ߾ˣȻһϾһֻ˲Ρ߾̲󣬵ȴ٣Щ߾˲ǳ
е˲Σипѡ
ֻһԪŽ׵ĸ߾ˣܴϷһ˲Σ߾ĸг̶ȾͿ֪
ƾЩ˲Σ߾۹ȫ֡²һժһһ
е˲ηŻľУתܿ뿪
뿪󲻾ãսͱɨĸɸɾʬеѪʧĸɸɾսļ۶Ĩһɶ
һʱÿ춼ڷЩھݵ뾩ط֮ĸ߾ˡ
ͷ֣ݵͳĸ߾Уÿвͬˡ
ֻҪѡϸʱ䣬;зǣͿ֪
Ȼ߾Ҳ֣Щ侳ĸȫ׵ѹ塣嶼ǾĵѡĶֻ֣ѡЩԪŽ׵ĸ֣侳ĸһ
Ŀǰ־粻
һ
岻ϵķЩ߾䣬ǿԼġ֮С⻷ڵԪ
ͬʱЩӸ߾Ѽ˲ҲԵڵԪԽľ⡣
оԼԽԽǿԪ˽׵ľҲԽԽ
ʱһĹȥҲżѵõĻ᲻ϵǿԼԼʵ
Ԫ߽׽Ԫ˽ףҪԪԶ֮ǰκһ׶ҪöࡣԽߣҪԪԽ࣬ǳɱģҲһֹɡ

ȣ
ҹ֮Уֻһȣ֮䣬ɫͬһֻ޴ݣͻȻּ弲նȥ
ಣû˿ԥһʯһСһնڿһԺܹ֮һ
ָͣϸҫĿɱ¾ͻϢĽ巭ʱ򣬴ָ䵯
ƥһ߾ߵأڶ׼Ķء
׵Ĵ߾ߡ
ʲô
ּ䣬߾ȻһĵĲšԪŽ׵ˤʯǧĹƫƣȻ㲻۵Ľ
ȻûӦ֦ͣһ̤ݺ᷵С͵߾ߵ塣
ϲɱ߾߶ʮ
һеڶ𣬺¡ܿ񵴣һѼԪ˷۶
֮֡С⻷ı仯岢İһεԲͬԵĸоԪӿٶȺͳʱ䣬һأǰͬʱ
ֹˣԪӿ룬оڵġ֮С۵Ҳһ£ɢϢҲ仯һЩøӵܣ顣
Ȼÿɱĵйﵽʮʮʮ֮ʱ򣬴յͻᷢʵı仯յԪǿȺͳʱ䣬ҪӺܶࡣ
һɹɵԪǰĸ߾ӿһ߸Ԫһ߻ı۾ĵ˵ͷ
ǴҹϮʱͷִﵽɱﵽ֮Ԫջоͱ仯
ֻʱû֤֤Ȼˡ
ӣЩ߾ԽԽˣ
󣬹˳ĿӹıӰһ˿ɫ
ѾԼɱɱķʽ򻯣ЧʻģʽˡЩ߾սûгܳ
սļغϣͽˡ
ȻҲΪͻϮķʽھսĻҪǾ˸ĸ߾ˣҲ¶ˡ
ţЩһȷʵԽԽˡӦˡ
ͷ˼
һжӦȷģǽȴ߾ȷ
ǵһΡ
ʮ죬ʵǿˣʱ򲻿ͬնⳡսûô
꣬Ͳ棬Ϊʲôÿζ𣿡
ͻȻعͷ˹һ۵
겻ң
ıЦЦȴһݣæͷҲǱ̶̰µĽȱһ껹Ҫˡ
ָľ˵ĽжʵĪ˥޲˵ţЩս۾á
Ϊ廹ߣԽĸоλƵĽ๫ÿλɱ֮ϢԵ
˵ûʲô⣬ǲŹˡ
ǹҶ˵ᶼᡣӴԽ࣬ԽԽĪ⣬ԽĿҲԽԴȡ


241 Ӱ
һЦĻҪĶࡣ
òҶ˵ˡ
а
ʮˣôƾաʧ߾˲ûκεĲ֪Ҫ»ԽԽˡ
ӣǸô
ڵϣͷ
ǺǣȻѾо裬Ǿͻطɡ꣬Щ߾Ŀ˰ɣ

ǣǷֵĸ߾䶼רŶҡ
㹧
ȻһֱԵ߾˵ľݵأҲûж
Щĸ߾䣬ȫ˶ҡÿ㶼ϸļ¼
Ȼʼʱֻ߾˻أǺ½½Ѿ֡
ߡھʦֵط߾˽ԺݵҲԶֹһ
ھҪתط𣿡
̧ͷ
ǣ⵹
ȻһЦ˰֡Ѿɱô߾ˣʱһڣһȥ

ˡ
بĸҹɫأب۴䣬һֻӣݴȺͣڴ档
ǰŸһ໨ĵӣӻȵģڡ
⣬̴ϣСģǳ¡
ƣبƺ֪Ҫˡ
󲮣
΢΢һЦһһ²ɫɫӣɢҲ˲١
ϲ󲮣ϲ󲮣Ҫˡ
Цġ
Сӣ˵ʲôﵽֵλǰһڵ죬ôף
بЦֹ׺˲١
ǰ忪ЦڣبֶԽԽ˳ۡ
˵ǲܵġڳеȨȷʵԽԽأԽԽߡ
һҲֲϵһġڶʹ¼ȻмۣȴʹһٴӰҲӣ˲ٹ
Ρãٸԭְ֮ͬܵ档بڳеĵλҲԤ֮еˡ
Ϊȵİɣ
ب
š
ЦЦ󲮣ڳеôˣ
ô³͢ͻȻôһλ߽˭û뷨ӵطͥ׵£Ҫ׽ǲǹˡ
بһڲ裬һָߵλá⣬ЦڴبԱ¡
һΡȷ³ܹͥ𣿡
ب²豭ɫ
ϵشܲ
ȻΪλȥ
ָָͷЦ
بüҲˣʲôָϣȻָľʥʡ
ʥʵĵλӦú³ʲôϾ³Ȼϼʮ꣬ȴûʲô󹦣Ǳһƽѡ
ƾֹǲġ
Ȼʥʵı⣬Ǿֻʣһˡ
̫
ʯ䣬بԺͷ̫ãֺ³оɡ
еĹϵͲˡ
ϣǰŮɫ֪Ϊʲôλ̫ȴ쳣ϲΪ󳼵жԣְ
̫³뾩ǻʥʵ˼³ǳٶ˲Ը⣬Ҳһʦ

بŽߣ׵壬жʱһĨӵĹâᣬ֪Ϊʲôڳȴӵ̾ѵ츳
ǷǰܻССļʡڡһӣǺ°
֪ôˡ
ب˵ͷͻ棬ʽ֧³͢Щ쵰Ҳǹƻģһƶڵű˳档
аЦֺγ
ˣ󲮣ýȥ

ô㲻֪𣿡
بüЩ֣ȥѵӪû˵𣿡
ҡҡͷ㣬Ϊᣬû뵽ȴȥ˿ѵӪһ㶼˦ԼСܡ
룬⻹ɵó£
Ӵ󲮵ĸڳֱȥʦѾûȥˡ
ѾԹŵҩˡ
˵ЩǿĹ͢ҩԼһʲƵķúɹĴָõԼҪĶ
öĵҩöʥҩ
Щҩ֮Ҳûзң͵̷
¡
һ̷Ŀŵҩ֮ȫϢ糱ӿڶ̶ʱڣˮǴߣޱƽԪ˽׵ĵز
¡ֻһ춯صľ죬ȫĹһĴ졣ˮԪƺƵеĹг৶
һɲǼ䣬ֻоԶ㣬ͻȻ˲١۾١
ǰĺڰƺ䵭ˡ
ϲӣڴﵽԪ˽׵ĵز
ϣ鹧һʱ͸оϵı仯Ҳ׵ļƻ
֮ͻȻͣ˼ƻȻҪҩﵽԪ˽׵ľ硣Ԫ˽׵ΪټɱļƻҪˡ
Ǻǣǰڴﵽˡ
ڲȵϲòѡΪﵽԪ˽ףĿͻ࣬Ҳӡ
ҪǣһﵽԪ˽ףԪǿȥˣͿĹ֮⣬һٶľѧˡ
ٶȡݣ˵Щһ١
һĻ경ʤΪݿֻ͡ǿ
ĥ󿳲񹦡ͬٶȡȥˣԸЩ߾˾ͻԽס
ˣ
ʱ䣬ٽһѡ񾢡ҲڰءʱѾȫԪŽ׳ڵĸˡ
㲻¾Ҳܺĸִ¡
ڵϳ죬ܿԼȷҪٶ๦
Ӱ
žѧ͹Ļ경ҲϢޱȡǺ͹㲻ͬǣӰûСĻ경ôˡ
ļУһַǳĲˡ
ˣ
һɹԪںХȣκιͬڵЩԪںХһȦ󣬲ǳطȥͬεĽһ㣬ȲѨȥ
һ˲ȥ·ԲĻ경ӰؽľѨȫȲ
һٶľѧ̲סŸո̷öҩûҩɹĴͨһȲѨ
飡
ءѨӦƿ

ಣ
ӰһһӰ·һ㣬䣬Ӵӹ˲ʧڷ
âһڴſڵĹ㻹ûӦͿǰԶһϤӰ
ӣ
ɫͻȻֵ壬һĳԾ۾ôģŵĿŲԶ塣
ݿͣΪ֪廹Ҫ񡣵ǸոգôӷʧôԱ߾ģȻһ㷢ֶûС
ôľ룬һ㶼оϢ۾ȻҲӰģĸо
⵹ʲô
һĳԾ
ԸоĲƺĻҪ


242 ӣӹ⻷
ٺ٣꣬ץң
عͷչһЦںڰ¶һѩ׵ݡ
ӣҿɲˡ
⻰ʱЦˡҲԣͻƵ˶١
ȻĲűԼҪ㻹Ͼ˫ʵǰ
Ȼ֣οɶʲôһʹթһ˵¡
ʵʵ㻹ɲѷ塣
ӣˡ
չһЦ۽΢΢̳һȡಣû˿ףͼſڵĹӰŤһ£һĻһգԭʧ
Ļ경ܹþ裬ͬĻҹΣѱ棬ԼҪĸ֣ʹȫҲֻܿһӰӣͬһ͸Ļһ㣬ҲĻ경ĵ
ӣץˣ
廹ֻߣɫ¶ʤߵЦݡȻ츳ѾܲˣǸȻвٵľ롣
꣬ȷ𣿡
һЦҹɫλƮȴǴǰǸλƮġɫһ䣬֪һ䡣
ৣ
ʯ䣬ٶȻߵľһζ͵ץ塣ǰӰһһץȻˡ
ʧˣ
۾һУȻɫôҲû뵽Լ־ڱصһȻʧˡ
Ҳ侳ĸ֣ʶһ壺
ܹڵʯĹֻһǾٶȱԼ졣
ôܣ
۵Ĳţֱʵ
Ȼ壬ʵδҲ̫ˡȻ˵Ļں棬ɿ⣬ֿһģһ壬˶ڶԼЦ
ӣôģ
һѿڶ
û˿Ϣ͸¶Թۺ͸ֱ֪治
ǺǣͽӰ
ԶĵطڰУһǽֳֵͬʱӰҲȫʧˣ
㿴ģҲӰӡҵĹԻֻͬʱӰӣ㹻ӰܹﵽʮʮʮӰӣۻҡ
屳֣Ӷǽ˳Ŷݡ
ǣΪʲôҴû˵
ɻ
֪Źˡ
аЦӰȻûô彫һ̶ȵĸֹ͹Ϣһ
Ҳֱ˻ӰױʶƵ㣬Ͼ屾ϢҲ˵Ӱ
һĲֹȷʵġ
߰ɣοҪİæ
ûж˵תźҹȥ
ΪﵽԪ˽ףɹӰݡٶȡͬʱ汸һ书ѾСɡ
ڣȥսһ£Ѷȣ
ȥڶ߾˾ݵȥˡ
Ժһͷܿʧ˺ҹ֮С

ҹ賿ĸʱʦһƬž˶˯СѲߵĽͣϼӰ
ʦǵƫƧشһ۵ӣ۴䣬һԱɵĴ磬ӱԵĵش
Ȼݵһ̣ͨ·ֻ׳ֱʶİϣİһ㶼

ͻȻ֮䣬һ춯ӻһ춯ĵطֻԶּ䣬ͻȻ߳һʮꡣ
˫ֱۣɣһЦ
ӣ
촽һͻȻø߾˵ĸ
ĸ֣ɫ䣬ƺܵ޴һ㣬ɫȻ
쵰
ܿһˣҧгݣһȥϵԱӣҲȥϵĺαװ
£¶һװѸ߾ʿҲһ¶

ɫһ䣬˫֣£ݵĲ˼顣ৣ۵ͬʱӽһ̤Ͱ·֮һȥ
ʮɵľһζһɲ¶ٶȿò˼顣
ˣ
չ¶ָĹƺܵ˾ţһæȥ
ߣʱ뵽ܣˣ
ۣʣµĶбɱ
ৣ
˻ûȥ৾ƥĵնų˺ϱĴһ˲ѣѿڹ⻬羵

죬ӵٶȸ죬ֻһգۼ׷֮С
ͣͣ
ڶ׷ֵͬʱӰһһͬʱ˶ӡ
ٶȿ쵽£еĶֱ̽ݶӡͬһʱ䣬ʩչӰͬʱϵͣû˿ԥһĿ¾Сƿն
䣡
˹ӷӦ죬¾ͬʱţ˰
ԪŽ׵ͬǿĶࡣ¾һࡣ
¾Ȼ޼᲻ݣ侳һ͸롣
СӣȻУ
Ӳ죬Ҳ룬һ¡һֱ¾ͬʱһնһƥĵֱȥ

һӺǰӴĸ߾˶ͬȻ˵
¾һٱһնֱӾɢˡ

룬ԶԷҵĵҲòݱ档侳ǿߣǿޱȣĿǰԱġ
¡
嵯俪ͬʱһնԭվĵطֻ¡һ׷ɣֱѿһɵѺۡ

ܿͬʱҲսһֻ͵һӼѿ¶һѪۣǶӴһ磬Կƿ죬ƾ͵ƣͺҪĴ򷨣Ȼѹ˹㡣
ݿͣߵ٣һɱ·ӡͶӲյʹʿȻͬ
Զ͡Ĵ򷨣һʱṬȻҲʩչŲֻĻ경ò
һǿ
ͷƳһĻҲǰԾһԪΪ侳ǿ߽ԶѲĶࡣ
ʵڶԷޱȵ£Ҳû̫õʩչķ

û˿ԥʩչӰ˹ȥͬʱʩչ۹һΣһ仯ָϸĽֱϲͬĲλ
һߣҲĻ경ʩչ˼£ΧŶĲͣ
һΪܶԸ𣿸ӹ⻷
ͻȻһЦ˶δ䣬Ϣ䣬һ⻷
ֻɫ⻷ͬӽ±һֹ⻷Ȼǰɫġ
ֹ⻷ֵͬʱܰ˷еĿճ


243 ɱ侳ǿߣ
ã
ֹ⻷͹㶼ɫһ䣬֪ߵˡӹ⻷һָ߾б⻷ֹ⻷һ⻷ȴΪ߾⻷ˡŢЧʹԼͬʱҲܳΧֵж
ֹ⻷ڸ߾ֻмľ߲У
屾ù˱Ƚ侳ߣڿȻʧˡ
ӣСģ
ȻҲʶԼжϳˣԷʵȻԼΪҪǿĶࡣ
Լʧˡ
СһŻͻȻʮͻȻ˼֪ӦþǸɵİɣ
ӹЦȴ˵ġΨһ۾ĿѩһƬ
Ҳǰһ⼤ŭԼԼΪ֮ϵ֮ǰʿʧ¼Ѿµôˡ
ɣ
ӹЦΧɽХĿһε·һֵֶĳŢ㣬֮塢ײȥ
侳ǿߵĹ⻷ֹװεģ̺ع֮ԵȻӳԶ
ڣѾȫѹ˹㣬ǡ
䣡䣡䣡
ڷ֮ͬʱӹЦֳ߾ʿ֮塢㷢
͹ͬʱʱŷӹ⻷Ҫ⧲ԼŢ֮Уûа취Ѹ
ڣʮ֮ڣ͹ûа취ѸʮѾ㹻ܶˡ
Ϊ۹ʿɣ
״ʿͬ塣ֻһ˲䣬͹˿ս֮С
ܹĻ경Ӱǳ͵ٶѧǶӵġӹ⻷ȴɲǿǵġ
ԽٶѧƵⲿٶȾ½Խ졣ͬһͨˣҲǴӲб˼Ųơ
ٶȷ۵糸Աӣٶ½ȾͲôһˡ͹ľ
ণ
ԶͻȻһļХһݣ֮ǰ֮Լźš
ֻҪӦһХǱ߾ͻԹԶ̸֧Ԯ
Ǹһʵһ֣мĿ߾ߡ
ȴô
еֶĸˣԽľԽˡŵһս侳Ķ־ʧܸգԷδ֮ģֻҪ˼Ժδôõ
滹Ҫʱ
Σ취ʵǶ֣ʱٽֲ٣
а
󷽵ƻеҪ򲻵ѣ岻ʹáңöԷ֮ģһãҪһЩΣҪʱ˲ǿɾҪˡ
ಣ
һСһնԺ֮˵ӵĽնͬʱ廹ܷ¾ԷԽ¡
Էӹ⻷ǳǿ󣬶ӰӰǳԣֹӵӰӣһնԪ䣬֡ӡӰҪСöࡣ
һߣ书ߣʱܵ廹ˡ
飡
ӰĿŢڶӵĲٿ£ͬصɽײڵϣ¡¡ԣ㺹ܣһӦ͵һ类Уѣ˺һѪѪ
СǣǺ޵İɡ˲·ٺ٣㣬ػúܣ
ƸǣЦַߣһʧֱնһ
꣬࣬磡
ڴʱһᶨͻȻС㱾ѾңͺעһͻȻ˲١
磬ߣСӣΪܳɹ𣿡
ĻǻһǱܵĸܵвһ̣Цڵʵ˸ͽ㷢Ҳûá
Сӣ书ߣȴĺܡұɱɱ㡣ȻôҾȳȫ˵
ɫ˵Ȼתͷһ仰ɱĴƴű󱻹㿳ϼҲҪвļһ˵
ҵҪôеҵ磿
¡תֻһϢ֮䣬ġŢͬѸ߾ʿ֮٣ϯȥ
һ羪İ˾ǧأУɡ
ߣ
ԶǵأɱһУȴվԭأһЦ
֮Լֲú󷽵Ĺֳ֣Ϊһеûá
һ̣û˿ԥųڵġ֮С⻷ˣһεϯΧûκεĶȴ·
ˣ
ӻûӦܾͳһȦصİɫɫֵͬʱǹɶصҲбˡ
¡û˿ףӾĳɶֳɶֵġŢͻȻ֮һֺĸоڵԪҲȻһͣͣһ¡
ΧŢ֮˲
⣿
ӾϣɫˡפҲˣû
ִδйֱ벻
ڼҵĽսУͻȻԪʧصζʲôΪףԲɫŸӲ԰ס
ϣα־޴
ûᣡ
֪ΧŢ֮ı仯׽ǧάĻᡣͣѪɽһ̽˶ӵ磬̽ݵļһ룬һ˳
ͣ
ͬһʱ䣬¾˶Ҳزڽ֮Ӱ쵽ޣС˳Ʋ˶ӵࡣ

Ψһ۾ôģ˫ֻŹƣĲš
ԼôġΪʲôֲᷢ˼
Ŷӵһɰģ֮֮ǰκһζҪǿԪ˳С뵽ڡ

۾зõоԼѪҺҪˡ
ǿ
侳ǿԪǿȫ޷ģԸоԼõĺôԶԶκһΡ
ԪǿȴٶҲӿ죬Ҳһأ
Щ嵥Ŀ޷ġ
컯ųµһ湦Ѿȫˡ
£ûκιܱŹʵ
ʱգȥһ£ҾٴνѸٵĴﵽԪŽ׵ľ硣
а
ﵽԪŽףԪţܹһϰ߼ѧģ˵ٲȭһﵽŽ۷壬򵽹֮ԪΪһһʽаɫ֣𵴣
֮;Ԫһ׻ֻѧӤԪŽףԪɣһԾӴߣǿľ硣
ҪǣܹѧϰЩ̺ع֮⻷


244 ³Ұ
ϵı仯ĸ֪ûȥ¡
ӣЩˡ߾Ѿˡ
ü͸¶һ˿ǡ
Ķôأ߾˱Ͼɵӣô˼ȴûκεϢﶼҲǣûʲô뷨ǲŹˡ
š
岻źۼĳСüҲӹһĨƣܿ죬ͻָ
ǺǣôʲôˮڡǸ߾ɣҲ֪Щôģڳġҵѡ뿪ݵ֮ٶ֣ԭ򡣡
ֻҪǻﶯ֣Щ˾޷ȷǲǷǵĻءΪĳżȻ

߾̫ˣΪƾԲҵ١Ͼ߾һֱʵķ
˾һΥɷĶ´Ƴ͢˶ʮСʱţҲֻᷢǹؾأõ
ǰˣױɸá֡ڵȵȣڸ߾˵Ŀջ¥ķƽҲĬԣܲھڡҪڣֻ˵ԡ
ˣ㳯͢ҲܷǡҵصĻء
ΪǵĻظͲڳĸ߾ؽ硣
һ׵ֶǸ߾ŵĵطֵ˱̲˼ά㡣
˵ǳʵɵֽţǡǡԼõĵط
ɱˣֻҪûڻɱˣͲǷʲôɣҲη塣
ǣֻҪ˻ɣԺͻܶࡣԺ󣬾δôˡ
ʾͬ
߾ܴ˴κһûһ㱾ǲܵġ
ͷڰѵΪǵʵ򲻹𣿱ˣǿҲкܶûأ
ȻЦ
ʱ˼ȷʵҲֹһأ
֪׹Ҳû˵ڶһܿ죬ʹͳС
ÿ涼һİٶĽɫ˲Ρ
ȻЩ߾˼϶˲Σ
ȻѾǵһˣлǸпѡⷽġֱ˵
ּĻ˲ëǣǸ߾˼һöֻҪǸ߾䣬弸ҵ˲Ρ
߾۹֮ҲͿ֪
¸ϣԥĽöİ˲˻
ˣʲôǸߡӣӣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һɻԱߴ
һ󣬲ˤ
ȣȣ㣬ո˵ʲô
һŹֵĿŹ㣬㶼ԼĿˮǺס
Ҹ߾ˮƽߣĸ߾Ҳֻ࣬ʶһ֣ȴ֪˼
ԹüͷһƺڷǳĻ룺
ոûĻ˵ӦǸӰɣʲô˼ǼһΪʲôô˵𣿡
һԻȥʱֻ˵ĸ֣Ǹȴܵ˾޴ݼһ붼룬һӾ׷ˣ˺ӡ
⣬⡭
Źһӣΰ췸
ĵһӦǹǹⶺģǿϵı飬֪Լˣģ
߾֪ʲô˼һ˵ġҲãû뵽ͦõģǸ߾İһӾϵˣԥûС
ʱõ˳֣һʱˣǸû˵ġ
ý͡
һʱˣǻмûǻǿ߰ɡ
Ҹ˸ڣϽˡ
ıӰһɻ漴ʲôɽµ΢΢¶һ˿Цݡ

߻һԾʦĸ߾ʱһߣ³Ҳﵽ˶塣
ڳĬ˽һ֮󣬴࣬Źӣسبڳϱ̬ȫ֧³αλá
ǳ͢һس̬֧³
³ʦͥ飬һº󣬱ΪѾϣãبı̬ʱʹ·ת˲һת
֪بΪ͢سһƷԱһ½ھδʱ̬ȡ
ˣبα̬˵ע⡣ΪǴԼ̬ȡ
һԴӾŹλ֮󣬾ͱΪӰ˻Ǿڶʹ¼֮û˸Сһ塣
û˸Сơӣǡǡ෴˿һӰڽڶʹ¼֮󲻵û½飬ﵽһߵ
֮Źλʱ򣬶й֮
ΪһһǰδܵõȺ𾴺Ͱ硱
ŹȻսŹͳľˡ˾ŹλʱӮõʼֻһٲľĽİ
ǽڶʹƶȴʹһ弸˽Ⱥ𾴡
بֱ̬ʹȫӡ
ټĴڣѾһСӴ³ܻȺ塱֧֣ʱȫһ
ȹȻˡҵİͥɵİˣȻڽڶʹ¼аһ
ңԶİ϶³һؼףǰȼŻѣдӱߴֽЦ
ǧգһʱȣңǰڻô˼ڵջʱˣ
ϲϲ
³ĻΧȻ𶯣һʿͽ׷׹ȥͷ­أóϷ³еˡ
ڱ߽ʮ꣬³һ˶İϴ󶼻³Ҳ£һĹʵǿĸ֡
ǰЩˣÿһĸԸΪȥÿһȥһĺǿ֡
Ϊʱ
Щˣ㵽˾ʦֵطҲסλáǽʵı飬ĳЩǰһ
֮ͨ󣬰ϴ󶼻λþˡҲ׼һ°ɣһʱ䣬ͺһǰʦҪðϴ󶼻λãЩ㲻ܲʶЩδкô
³˵ͻȻתͷһغ룬׳
Ľ˶һ佫磬ͷڵϣһ˿
ǣˣ
ͨڵϣ
³һĵ˵ͷ
ͨû̫ŵ㣬Ψһŵʵɿܹʵִκһԣһ͵س֮
ֻҪ£ͨϰ϶λǴ´ࡣ
ҪǣͨԼˡ
ֻҪ϶Լפϵʮ򾫱͵ԼԼʱ
ԾͨԲ㣬³Ҳ⡣


245 
վˣ
ʹУŸոյõϢ˷ܵ˫ֱأ³ҪϱλˣСãԺڹҲǹˣ
͢۵³õôҲ³飬һȴ³Ҫ˷ܣ˾ȡ
ֻҪ³ȥԺȾҲܹƽƣ߹ٺָտɴ
Ⱥݺݵеֽȭ͹˳
νǸһӦھʹӦĵزҪ߹٣Ҫ»ȴף̫ǳˡ
͢Щÿһֻа³λʱ١Ǹһʱƽơ
֣ϵǸСܣѾְˡҲǵһѡ
һö·һ̫
Ǻǣ˭˵ǣ
̫ĻҲ̲סЦ
ҵǵʱķ˶ڳЦҡȴʶʾ͸һǧƽССȴδǰ;Ȼ֪ǾŹӣԽ϶ˡСãһӦøܱһаɡ
ɫϣ̫ԲЦʫʳɾĹеһ˵ʫʶȥˡ
һ㣬̫ȻǱκ˶
Ȼ˵̫ԼòҲ൱ţеʱ򣬲òˣܳΪµһ˵ġ
˵ǡҵڶûмء
̫Цࡣ
ʫԼ¶һ˿Ľһֵ꣬ؽε̫꣬رĸ顣
˵ϡȷʵرкøУͿҲһ
ǺǣһѵӪСʱеǻᡣ
ļνӴҲǸпѣ
ϧˣ̫ҪȻҲáҵٵȵ³СãԺڹҲƵˡ
ȿĵ
̫һҲ˵ͷ

һˣ
Ҧ˫ȭһϣɫ಻ѡȺ̫һֱŬȡ£Ķ
³еһ
û뵽Ȼˡ
³ǡԽа˵ǸвҲ³ִôãûΪͷԭ
˶ϱֳĬ
ôûгҦһֱΪǷԵġǺ³ġ
Ȼû뵽بôɴվ
ˣˣ
Ҧͷɫѿѡµﲻױɱˡһʼ֧³ᱻԡڣû˻˵ǣ³һ顣
ֻһԶʧȥȻ
³ǵõһ֧ģ̫ڶ
ȸɴ䣬ʱƣبķ壬塭һǸСӣ
Ҧɱ¶
һ
е̾ϢԶˮֹҦһʦвһۡУһӰ̾Ϣţķеֽ

ȴ֪еı仯ʱ˿̣עȫŵնɱ߾ϡ
͹ϣϵɱЩĿꡣÿһ侳ĸ߾ôԪ
̶ʱڣͻɱ˴侳ǿߣһʵǰһµĸ߶ȣٶȡݣӣԪҲû̫Ĳࡣ
֪ȥ
ҹҹ˾Хϡ٣ʦЩӰϡ٣ŵıԵشһӰӣӣС
ӣ˵Ĵ硣·ȴбŤԿԿ΢΢ЩȻ
¡
ߵ·һ֦Ҷïʢķʱ򣬺¡һһ·׵пգ˲ͷ
ͬһʱ䣬ĵطһڵĽӰ·һ㣬˵ĺ
ǵӰһǰһ󣬿ǳĬ
¡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ϮɲǣŲң˫ְאּνڰνͬʱ⻷䣬һȦƺƵǵأϯ
䣡
뵶ཻȴǵ뵶ཻһĵ绨
·ϵĺǵνһ㡣
⻷
ֹ⻷ͬһ㣬߾ʱʩչ֡⻷ͬ侳ı⻷
ɹ⻷һײټն͹һǰһ˿ȥ
ûϴǹȻϹ
˲û׷һָ塢㣬ЦһƵóı
ӣթ
˫սĵʹԷĻͫһо졣
ӦȷʵթϧѾˣɣ
һһϵ·ѣ¶һ߾ʿװͬʱһӣּӰӶ͹Χס
ÿ˶Ϣ磬侳ǿߡһ˳͹㷳պܾãĸһ֣Զ٣͹֮С
ֻնǲĹҶ򲻰ܣ͸ӲǵĶ֡ٺ٣ڲʲô·һ
˹ЦĿаѡ
ΪʵǿĶŻǿߣǵķӦԶ˿öࡣһ侳ĸͻȻʧ٣ⲻС¡
Ǽ̾Ͳԡ
Ȼȷ࣬ǻǺܿȡ˴ǡһ飬һڰ
ľն
һ̽ҲԻԷʲô⡣
ֻû뵽Ȼôáż죬һն
ٺٺ٣ǰˣֶΣǼֱֿԡǣٿǵʲôֵʲôָʹǣ
˹Ц͹Ŀ⣬һ
ӣô죿
亹⼸˲ʵȵѹסǡ
ǵʵǾԴ򲻹ô˵ġ
Ǻǣģõġ
ݹȥһɵı顣
֣ȫǡ⣬ɱҲν
ֻ˵
¡
·Ѷ˴һӣĸ߾侳ǿߣͬԼһ˼ͬһʱϵ
ǰ͹ԪҲ΢
ণ
û˿ԥ˳ʵɲǣ巢һХ
֣
һȴǶԵĹ˵ģǶԶһ˵ġ
¡
û˿ԥɲǼ䣬һͷԼġ֮С⻷
߾ϢֻһɲǼ䣬ĸһģһİɫǵΧ


246 ԪŽףٲȭ
֮С⻷۵Ĺ⻷ԽԽյʱҲԽԽá
߾˻ûзӦȫϢȻͺһһһʵȻһء
Ҳʱ򣬺˰׵ĵطһӰ
䣡
ƺƣͬ׵пգҲǬ¡йӰһһִ֧ĳԽգ˲䶴һ߾ţǾ޴ƳʮԶεĶڵϡ
ֹˣڶ֧֧֧Ҳڽͬʱ߾侳嶴ɳȥ
侳ǿȻһ붼ֵסֻһͷ׷ˡ
У
һĻ˵ǹ㣬嶼𾪵˵֪Լ˸֣ȴǵһ֪ļȻǿֵز
ĸˣļǬʡˡ
ӣ˺ǿ
૵¶ļɵȫͰĿһĬԵҲӴüΣ֪Ȼ˿¡
ٶȺֱ˼Ƥ񣬺ëҪ
̫ˣ
ʵ̫̫ˣ
˸ûжʱ䣬ûжĻᣡһ𣬼Ĳ
Ҳٶ͵ݿֱּͣΪȫܶ׼
ģ
èӣ磬ЦݿָͣǱܵķӦ岻ܸͬˣ
ߵĸ֣ôһĸڣ㻹ʲôҪģҲǵҪĵ¶
һõֵɸԼĸ֣뵱⡣
ɹ֣ҲкóһʱˣһֱûˡҲһһΣǹǰʾ
йһЦҲ⡣Ǹյĳߴǳλĸȫ˱÷ʹáС
ͣ
壬࣬һɰԪͬӿ
侳ǿ̺Ҫ˺ܶࡣԪֻѪڣȣֱҪХ
¡
ЩѾմԪٵõ߾ǿߵԪʱʱ䣬ڵԪͬйբٶȿֹ
ڵġСҲȻһҲʱͻһ㣬ڶľ磬һѭ
ǡӿҪͻƵԪŽˣ
㿴ıӰ۽̲סһ¡ϵϢ仯񲻹
ϵϢзͬ󿪵һɽһҳֳһʵơ
ǿҪԪţγεס
ͻƵԪ˽Ҳǲǰ£ȻôҪԪŽ׵ľ磬⣬ֱ˼顭
üҲûмʶ۽ˡ飬ֱδţδ
飬Ѿ֪롣
һ㣡
һ߾ǿߣܿߵ˵ڶ߾ǰѾоˣǰһεϣܿҪͻˡ
ͣ
Сڶ߾ǿߵڣ¡·ĳһǹԪӿ룬·һεĸ¯ѹﵽ֮Ȼ
䣡
ģӿȪм羮ţءһʮҪŴѨδ򿪡
һʮѨ򿪣һɹѪɫ籡Ũҵ˶һ
һɲǣоԼ·һ䣬Խɡٶȡݣһɲȴ·̥ǣֱӱ
ڵ壬ǰǿֹ
ţĴﵽŵľˣ
ڵı仯ȫʮǧëףţֻоϲޱȡ
Ԫ˽ŽףǸʱĹ̡ﵽ磬ԪëϴȫѪ⡢磬һμ
ĵһʱ̣ΪСʱ䡱ʵᱬǵһĳ̶ȡ
˵ΡСʱ䡱ĻǳҪһǵĸоһȴǵһΣұһĻҪࡣ
ʵﵽԪŽףԪ׵ĸˣͨУμĴڣΪ֮
ˣ
۾Ƭ֮˫һһȦѩĹâҲʱһ̧ɲǼ䣬ڹԾĿУһѩɫĹźХ˲˰׿һľ
¡ըѣ֦Ҷɢķ۳ľмУǸʮ೤Ĵֱĵ
⣬ǡ
Զǿ͵ĴԺһ⣬뵽ʲôȴôҲš
ٲȭ
800׿⣬һ͵ɽûںڰе׳Ҳķ¹ıӰҲһ˿ɫ
һȭԪٲ⣬ԪֻСٲȭ顣
ȻȲ侳ľѧԪһԪĴѧ
׳Ҳֻ˵ûмžѧˣ֮·ëǣԲࡣ
ŸոͻƵԪŽףܹʩչٲȭԪѧⲻò˾ȣ
⺢ССͣǴѧôľ
ڰ׳۾һУһζյ꣬˺档
ã裡
Զ忴ԶġջȭͷĵͷǶȭЧʾ⡣
ٲȭڴľѧ֪֮٣޲䣬˻˾͸ˡ
˵дѧ㲻ʲô
Ϊ־ѧǡǡǻġ
ٲȭ˵أʵֻһԪŽź󣬶Ԫһüɡ
Ĺ̷ǳӣҪɡԪۡתѹ˼㣬ﵽĳ̶ֳȣͷųȥʱͷų޴ƻ
һִɵļɣŷǺѡ
ΨһǣַԪ
Ԫ۷ĸҲʩչ˼öٲȭ˲򲻵ѣһ㶼ǲʩչġ
ɣżԺҪĥС
дĦŰٲãаžѧľԶһٲľ뻹ԱȽģԼɷ淴ôĥ
һУٲȭԾˡ
ոͻƵԪŽףڻЩǾԪı֡
ԥʣµ߾侳һնɱˡõ˵Ԫ̲һʵˮǴߣʱȹ
߰ɣ
ϲöϵȵĸ߾˲Σһӣָܿ뿪
Ǳ߼Ӹ߾2Żص˴źţ߾Ѿжˡ
ɵֵ֣ʱʵ̫ˣײ̫Ҳԭ
ৣ
ֻһ˾Ѹ뿪սɨɾеĺۼȫɨһգǿñϵĴŲˡ
ȵ߾˸ϵʲôҲûֻһƬյضѣɵһƬȻ


247 ¥
ʳ¯İֺóԣⰡ
糿֣ڣȺϵĳһľ¥㣬С
ֵĶ࣬İУһ¥֡
¥
ֺڵ׽ᣬм⡣ǽ񳿻ȥģһ𻻵ģо¥ϰ塣
ǳ˾¥ϰ壬ƣһû䡣Ժܶ˲֪¥
Щע⵽ƱˣҲû̫ȥ
ʱ˿̣¥ϡ
¥¥λõżׯҺͳؼҵļڵϣ̻ʣѾ˼ʮϣ˸·һ㡣
ׯҵؼҵǳ⣬⻹˵һμǵĿʳ
ˣ
ƾ建Ľ
ϴεжҲмˣ⼸죬ʲôҲû¥
ˣ
һ
ɡ
嵭ͷҲûء
żķƿֵһµĹ㣬һڵİӣ˽
ӡ
籶ŰӣţŵǰȻֳһ˫ӣϸĵĲù˹ȥ
ôˣ
ӹɫ꣬һŽܱһҧһŨ֭У㣬ݵţȥﵽθһƬƬ̹

ĵͷԹôľ¥̣廹Ǿá
ʦôľ¥ѡ䣬һҪԭ
һԭ򡪡
ҲΪȷʵҪһԼľ¥
ھÿζȥ˵ľ¥̣ʵ̫ҡҲ㡣ʱ䳤ˣĵע⡣
һԼľ¥ǳԷǳ㣬٣˶ĿǷǳġ
һ㣬Ҧˡ¥һʼոԺӡ
һԼľ¥еʱ޷ýǮġ
ϲǵжѾ˸߾˵ע⡣ڲֹǸ߾һŻأͬŻأŻأȫǿ˽䱸߾ǱѾ˺ܴˡ
ڵϣǲѳߵʱҲǳע÷ĹӰϰ硢Լע⵽Լ
⼸һݿ͵ıˡ
ǣ߾Ҳ֣ǸСͲʲô֮ɱôˣ˲ɣҲӦˡ
嵭ּһŽڡȻƺһжļ֮С
᲻⡣Сɲʲô࣬ѵӪϮע⣬¶ǲ
üЩǵ
ڴƵĵؽ磬СǸ˵ƻܣĺ죬ȴƫƫû֪ʲô
ζţ߾Ҳ֪ʲôʲôʱɱ˶֪
Ҫ˵ôֲ˵ףҲֻһ˶ѡֻΪûʲôԲŻɹѡ
彫ȥ˰֣Ϊ
Դδ֪־ͬˣ
֪Сϴ˵Ҳ˵ɵġ
ݿͲܼһСȻҲˡ
֪СʲôҲͲôηˡ
ңӸ߾ЩʱķôľıСʱûЩСӡ
˶ٵ
ңô˵Ǻ£Դݾߣӿж
ʵ֮ʵ֮⼸첻֣Ҳǹø߾ǱԼжɣ޷Ħв
ֻҪЩвһ취ӿж
νæгκжһֻǻġ
üƺ˼廰е˼
ЦЦҲûᣬÿӼһһ
һҹʱãڽžøһƬ
һ߳һмš¾
Ϣ죬ʲôҲûɣǴĦ¾žѧʼʱϸ˿ֻ˿ôϸ
ɽʱҲָֻͷϸڣĻԪĲ¾ѾָһֺֻƵ糤һ㡣
ҵԪŽŵھ㲻ýҲһͷų¾˿ļ١
ǽˣ
һа
ϱõǹһγΪһߡȻһġߡȷʵѾǽˣ̤һϱӽȻͬĵ·
ǰĽų½һȻĵһ㽣ҲѾԹ侳ǿߵˡǲ¾һعоתһһΪһתת¾һתûɣŬС
ͷʶӣԺд˷
¾Ľʼϸ˿֮ʵҲϵ׳֣ҲԽԽ󣬵ﵽݵʱ򣬾Ҫʼɴֱϸϵѹ
ɴֱϸ±˿Сʱ򣬳Ϊһת֮ǡתת
Ǻ͡תȵģתԽߣԽ󡣶ﵽת֮󣬼޼᲻ݣûʲôԵֵˡ
ûнھת¾˵Ҳκβ
תԽߣԽѣתӣɫҲᷢı䡣
Щ崧Ħ¾ķĦġ
Ŀǰǡתĵز
⡰תĽҲǴԶ侳ǿвˡ

߰ɣؼϢһ¡ЩҲôһˡ
һһƿӣӵվѵӪҲаˣذϹԪ۵ȸҲôһˡ
Ǯˮٶǲģ
֪ԺиҪǮĵطĿǰȸΨһܻĵط
ιô·ģû۾
׼뿪ͻȻ֮䣬һɧĽֵϴͷʱֻһʷֵĸ̣ż˸ĹӶָ֣Žֵһʮңǣͷɢĸ֣ɫͨ죬ƿڴ
Ȼǣֻһ۾Ϳ˳Ǹ֡·ʱ˫رȣζûһ£ȫʶΪʲôġ
书ߵһ̶ȵ˲Żγɵһϰߡ
׼ٷУĽͱ뾫׼Ļһʮ˿
Ϊ֣ǲܶġ
Ϊﵽһ߶ȣͻΪһܡⲢȲȵ⣬־ˣֽšرȣһó׮һһ˵ȽȻͬ
ر
ˣһ۾ֱܷ
ҿ԰
ЦҡҡͷҲû⡣ʦôĳͻÿ춼С
ǸǵˣԱȸߵĹӶָߵˣû⣬һ»ᱻݺһ١
ûйܣҲûвֵ˼Ųȥ
Ȼûһ̣鷢ˡ
򣬸ҺݺݵĴ򣡡
ʲôײǸûС֣Ҵ򣬴ˣӸ𣡡
ߣΪжôôᡣԭҲǸϺޣһ

̷˺ݵӽֵϴβֹ壬Ҳеˡ
Ťͷ档ֻĽֵϣΪǡ֡˴ڵأһš
̵ĻΧ·ȭߡ˾ͨˣһ㷴֮ûС
ף
йâһĸеˡ


248 ̲˵طã
Ǹ˵ʵߵЩǶֵġǸʷֵļһȫֿԡ
ĽȴԤƵȫ෴
˼
һΣвһ˿档ǲ뷴Ҳò֣һ߿š
ǻ
ߣˡ
ʷֵĸ̳֣ﳤȥ뿪֮󣬵ϣǵӵ
ĶȻȵľˣ˫źͼ粿һζûУͺûܹһ
ߣ
廹ûӦԱߣƾԵĹȴͫһΪ֮ľ
ǸӸߵļӶʵףֵʱȫĶڲ£㶼ܲˡ
ȴһ˶ûС
֣
彣üЩ⡣˵ʵƺԼԤĻҪǿ
ֵˣȺոյɧҾϷһĭܿʧˡ塢㣬ׯҡؼҵļ֣ûжע⡣
ƺҲûע⵽ˣĴӵվվֱɲǣڿһЩ㱵ӡ

Ƥһ£Ժһ˵֡û뵽Ȼ￴Ǹˡ
ӣʶ
һ߹¶һ˫۾˵ıӰʧǰʧȺ
š
˵ͷֵֹֹĸо
ɡ˵λҸİ֣
һ䣬ܿıע⣬¥岢ûзңת뿪ķȥ
ĹӦ֧ɡһЩܳСסĵطδЩŰɣ
㿴ǰ۵ţеɻˡʱ̣ӽסãҲ֪Щ
Ƴֳ̡͢ũǳţھʦ֮УдССʮϰٸСţְܲͬͬ⡣
ǰţƾɡͰӦֻ۵š
һ굽ͷ¶ն顢ڴ򽻵ӵְС
ĹҪ󲻸ߣͨ˾ͿˡǸ˵ʵȴСĹʵЩСˡ
û˵ֻŴϷҳҡ˵ʼֻǲ²ĻôڣѾ԰ٷְٵȷǸ˵ݡ
Ǽšҽȥһˡ
ׯҺͳؼҵļ˵䣬߽ܿ档
֮кصĹصģܳСҲһ˿Խȥġ
ԼöƣȻһ·ͨ˽ȥ
ʲôģʱŵΪǰǸ̲Ϊ㻹Ǹţ
ץЩ͢󳼵ץڳ黹Ҫϱ˵ĺȣ㵽׻ʲô
һöûеģ㣬첻Щ鳭꣬ͱȥˡŻԵ

˻ԺûпĴһִɤƿڴĻر嶼ȥˡ
ˣҪ˵ˡ
ü鷿ȥʮд飬ϵļѻɽ
бŴŵĵطһСͷĿһָָ¥ϼƿڴ
˵ͷ˳֣ڡλʮǰҲһͬ顣
ʮǰ˭뵽䵽ء
˭
ͷĿŭĿɶʱ򣬿ʶ߽Ȼŭ
͢سϽ˴㲻֪𣿣ҽѵˣʲô£
ৣ
Ҳһ˹ƽʱôʮˣЩףһ۵ˣ벻ע⵽ѡ
ߣ
Ҳöֱһλε
ƵƣͷĿ৵һ¾ͱɫȻֻһ۵ţļҲСĺܡ
ӽ£ЩŵҲ˵ʶķһƣҴǸǴƳ͢պգλǷ
Ȼӽ£˴ûʲôʮʮ궼ѵüһλзĳǨҪԱ˵ּ
ԭµˣ
ͷƹӡİ˲任һף֣̬ޱȣ
֪Ӵݹ٣ʧԶӭ빫Ӻ֪¿ʲôԸ𣿡
Ͳعˡǳġ
˵һָͻȻָŲԶİ˵һ´⡣
ͷ­ʹ˭˭˳ܣʱİ˵ԼҲ̧ͷеһ͸˲ɫ

ͷĿһĲ죬ôҲû뵽ȻأҲƲҲûдڸеǸһ
ӣȷô᣿
ߣѵ˭Լ𣿡

⡭ӱᣬҲ˼
ͷĿ֣һΡֻʮɻ󣬲ķӦȴҲ
ʲô˭ϵ󡣵£˫֮𣬲ЩССԵ
ˣˣϢһ졣ҶϽȥطãλӾͽˡúýӴʲô⣬Ψʡ
ͷĿҲ֪ԼոպĴλӹƲôϲԼϽк뿪ķֻطˡ

ʡʮǰǸȵ𣬱Ŀ̲ţٿǰӣ򲻻֣ڵˣĿãҲţ˾Ȼͬһˡ
߾ɱٵĿɲֹһˡ
˭ҲΪʶ㡣
ķֻʣԼǸİ꣬ط̧ͷĿ壬ǧ֮⣬ͷĿԼͷӸǰ̬ȽȻͬ
ԴʮǰǼӿʼͲٺЩ߹Ծκεϵ
Ǻǣ㲻ʶҡȴʶ㡣
ЦЦֱӵ⣺
æġæץһˡ
Ҵˡֻһܳ˰æץˣӦȥֻ̲߱طҿ°ﲻʲô뿪ɡ
طûʲôɫ
Ǻǣȱžܾ˵Ҳ١εж͸߾йء

طüͷȻһۣͺһע⵽һǺܿ죬˿һţͺʲôҲûһ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôҶԸ߾˲Ȥž㻹ǸϽ뿪ɡ
ط˵ץһĵͷʼдҪͿ͡
ǺǣСҲûȤ𣿡
ȻЦ
¡
һʯǧˣһ䣬ĵطȻɫеǺһ۳ϡ
¡ͬʱķȻһ䣬籩㣬һӴ󡢿ֲϢͻȻطϱ
ǿԾѾﵽԪŽ׵壬ǰȻʧɫСޱȡ
һɲǣָоͷ·񱩵ĺУǧ߾˾ͳԼĴҪԼĳɷ顣
һȻѾ˿ֲ
ӴѹҲ΢΢ɫ
ʮȥˣ˵ʵû˻ñȴеĸǿ󡣾ԼǰЩ߾侳ǿߣǰһ㣬Сޱȡ
̫ǿˣ


249 ֵһ
׻֮ⲣ
Ժһ֡ǰλʮǰʦ̲ǰ;š
ʵڵʱıһУųܳĴڡ
ȻʮǵصһССģƵĳʵȴһ㶼û¡
侳
ԺһͷطʵѾ侳ٴﵽ侳ľ硣
ӣСģ
˼䣬ͻȻ֮һ߳ƺӦΣգӰһһСӰӷ£ֱطöȥ
ã
һطȻϢв󣬵ȴûжɱһ֪ǹǲ֪ġ
ţ˷طһ֣㼸ǱܵΪҪ壬˹
ס֣
󾪡֪طλ̲İ׻֮ⲵĶ֡ǹĳʵ̫ˣƶ嶼ֹ
ﬣâһ˵طͷһֱ߳طͷȥ
ߣ
ƺƣطİ̧ͷϿ¹㣬۾ﺮһֶûһ̣䣡ҡضһɫط籡
ɫգĺ
飡
ɨҶһ㣬˲пеĹ㣬ûУϵԪ˲䱻ɢ߷ݰ˳ȥ
ס֣
д󼱣һסˤµĹ籹һæֹطá
ǵʲôˣ˭ǹģ̲飬Ѿʮûвֹˡ߾˵Ҳ޹ء˭ģ
طõͷ­İ̧͸ոǡɥ鲻ͬһ̵ط÷â¶˲Ĺâͬһֻİ׻㣬Ŀ͸˵
κĿǰͬһ㣬ʶıܿ
ս󽣣ܹоóطеɱԼܸһĴ𸴣½λ̲ʮİ׻֮ⲣҪˡ
㣬ôû˰ɣ
ûطã˫ֱŹһƬС
ûû¡
ϵĺɫɽѾɢ¶Ӳ԰ޱȣԪɢѡΨգһ㣬ͨ첻ѣ¶һɬζĿ⣬ʶıܹͷȥ
ţ
Ȼ漴ӦڵܲѣԴʶ⻹ǵһ˵ôܡ
⡭
΢΢ЩΣæѹʶƲͷȥһֶû˵
ߣҲÿζô顣ǲܸһĴ𰸣´ξͲˡ
طӶдŻع
Ѿ˵ˡΪСġǰȻΣӦ֪ǵݣҪǰǼ̫ѵ¡
˵ⷭʱһɰ
ŹӣӵܣҪһȷʵ̫ѡطöǲڽֵֻҪģֻҪھʦΧڣ嶼һܲõġ
Ȩײš
طɫࡣ
ǰ߾۹ʼǵ۹֮һ˭㡣СǸ߾ڴƵļ죬İ׷Сĸ֮һоʮ꣬˭˽ˡԣϣܹ붯æһץС

Ը߾˵£ʵŵѾˡϳ͢ıģҪԸЩ߾˸練ơ
նݲ紵һ߾Ӵĸ߾۹˵㲻ʲô
ֻҪԸ⣬ͿһһԴԴϵɳʿɱƻ飬ȻԳϵĽС
ߴߴ磬Ҫش߾ˣͱҳ߾ݿ조С
ֻɱ߾ĵĸ߾Դسİɱ٣ûˣ߾۹ڴƵӰҪΪҲǰˮ
Сƻ
аճӸ߾۹Щ֣ȴûаտץס
Ҳطõԭ
ʮ꣬Сɱ͢سʱطΪ̲ţǴ˰ĸ֮һ
׷ٵСʮ꣬ҲΪ˰Ҳ̲صһĬĬŵĳС
С˽⣬֪ûκһܹ
ⲻֹΪС˽⡣Ϊ
Сɱĳ͢س棬طõЯʦԼƽϲŮӡ
ʮǰطûûôϣǶʮ괺⣬ַʱ
Яʦ̲ƣŴиŮƯ
߾ҹϮɱʱǼȮЩ棬Ͱ̲Ŵ˵λŮ
ǳأڵ֪꣬˲ࡣ廹ŵġ
۵Ը߾˺Сĳޣû˱ȵùλ̲ġ׻֮ⲡ
Сʮôݣûзİɱƻλ׻֮ⲵĴҲвٵĹ͡
ϧȻطöС˽⣬ϱӣһûץС
Сɹڶΰɱƻ֮طٴαǼ
طܵĴڱˡ
ϢǣСɹӻظ߾۹󲻾ãطþͰᵽ˵ʦĵطһ®ûˡ
嵱飬Ҳϧѡ
طþǸвܵˣҲǸĺӡȻûץסСĴڣСҲ˺ܴá
ӦõõһᣬһĻᣡ
Ҳ¥ϿͻȻıעԭȻǰͬ͢ڰԼ
ûõģҴˡҪԸСҰﲻǡǻɡ
طȴ֪Ĵ㣬Ҳľ;ܾˡ
˵С׼ٴηɱƻŪһʮǰĴ󰸣һȴ׼ɱĳ͢󳼣Ҳ׼֮𣿡
Ц
˵ʲô
һʯǧˣĻطɫ䣬͵̧ͷİ壬ͨޱȡ
Ҫ㣬СҪٴжˣ

䣡
âһ㶼ûͷǰһӰط˲ǰ˫֮ɱ
ƭңһ֮أ
طޱȣ㶼һһ־޴в
һĻЦԼжûȻʮ꣬λ̲ǰ׻֮УûаС¹
٣벻ǣһ֪
ŵ


250 ߾˵ġ
û˿ԥܿͰȥгСٹأҪ벶׽پס
δӹڵɱĳ͢󳼣ô飬Сܲ
ҪԸСĻᡣţطõǻۣЩ鱨֮󣬲ܻ᲻㡣
˵Щ֮ͷǳģ͹㾲վţطõĴ𸴡
ķﾲĵģطվͷһ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
͹Ҳվһ
ȻԼļƻģǱϾԼ뷨ʮʱ䣬˭Ҳ֪طʲô뷨
ʵ˵Ҳû̫İաϾطÿô˵
ô㣿
֪˶ãط̧ͷ
仰¶Цݡ

ҹɫŨӰ涣ƫƧԺϿգһ¸
巢ֵһŻУƻһ߾ܣһ궯Ϣ
̶ʱʧʮ߾䣬л侳ǿߣô˼ûκεϢ֪ˣȥط
ûзûôģķΪһŻصĸˣûеķ֪
ôûв鵽ǵ𣿡
谵ĵƹǰûֵȻֻʮ꣬ݸ㣬һַǳΪ졣
ˣûСǵѾƾʦˡеطҹˣȫûǵϢ¿ǿ׶༪ˡ
ϣһʿͷɢĸ߾ݿ͹ڵϵ
ǳϡ
߾ĵȼǳɭϣ뿪˵۹ķΧеݿ͡ͳͳҪӵĵ
ƵЩҲûжûпǺĳƵ˳ͻ
û
ĵһӦЩһǲǺĳƹӵܷ˳ͻЩüˡ
飬ûзġ
ƾʦֵطȨӵܡֵطˣѱײһλĹӡ
ЩĹȻ˵ˣÿ漸ôһЩĺ֪ƵϽɱˡǳָء
еʱʬ嶼Ҳ
ǻʬ𼣣һ˿켣Ҳ˵̲ˣЩ֪ĸɵġ
ûĵһоЩǲǳײĳǳļһֱӱɵˡ
ɱ߾ˣǴôֵġ
ųֿܡԺ١̫ˣǣŻأŻضڳڸоرǡȻҲųԭ򡣡
ݿ͹ڵϣ
߾ڴƾʦ֮ר˸飬ֻǿ͹۵Ĺֵ
ûüͷĬ
ʮ߾ϢڳʱҲͰˣƫƫֹؽʱ
ûǣؽǣӰ쵽˵ļƻ
ڣΨһֵҵǣʧٵĸֶǳʧٵġǸ߾ˣҲӦûûзǻصĴڡ
ǲеҡ
ȻҲλ˵Ĺ͡ϾеĻضλһֽ´Ƶ۹ı̲εߣҲûҵǻصĴڡ
λˣ˶Ǻޱκ𾴣
ô˵
ûͻȻڵ
˵˼Ҳᡣ±Ȼʱ򣬾еĻأҲκ̫ĶƳ͢ע⣡Ǵ˵ԭ
ݵڵϹ
ˡ
ûɫЩ㱣ڷӦ
תˣ֪ôˡ
ţڵʿѾִվǾٴ£Ƴ͢ʱ򡣴˺ηڵһȣС㣬ܹشƵĳ͢ЩʿǣҲˡÿ˶Ҫľ򣬴˵أ
ڵϵݿ͵
ûû˵ֻǵ˵ͷ
£
ڳĬʱͻȻһëȻĽմת֮䣬һֻڵĶѻбб£һƴ˽
ڵĶѻ˶֣غصɫ
߾ŷڣи߾ϢĲЩͨ࣬ǻڵĶѻ
˴Ϣ׼ټصĸ֡жҪʼˣҲȥɡ
ûһɫ˰֣֣ص
ǣ
ݿӦһһӣ˲ʧ
ۣ
ݿ뿪ãûҲ۵һ˵ƻ𣬷ܿһƬڰ
ಣ
ͬʱԺĶϽǣһӰطɳȻ಼䣬Ѹٵĸݿ뿪ķȥ
ٶȺܿ죬һĻ˭Ҳûп

֪˶ãһ䣬һӰ¶ͷ
ôãСϢˡ
а
̧ͷһգܿèӣȥŵ¹⣬ϸȥԿƺһ㡰¡
һͲƤġ
èڵϲʱϡϢֲˣ彫һαװõЧǲġ
Ժ˳Զܿӭ˹
ӣô

߾˵ľݵزôǱȥҲݿͣ߾˷Ĵ¾˵⡣
طһȥġ
ǺǣطѾȥ׷ˡ

λİ׻֮ⲵһκط侳ĸ֣ʵ׷һ߾ݿǾû⡣
һ㶼ġ
طȥĿ죬Ҳ죬ֻһֳǰ
ǹҴǿ
ط˵仰תߡ
Ƭ֮塢㣬мׯҡؼҵڿطҪǿĶ
ǡЩһȻѾǵĳǽͨˣ
һȺ˿ǰŲ֮¶ĵضڣɫѿѡ
ȻׯҡؼҵĸһǿضҲסü
ʦӣĵ۶һļӹ̣ص¶̵ĺܡرǿǽĵطص׶ִ͵Ļңҡ
ʯޱȣ
ǽͨ˲ͬΧЩǽڣص¶ɺʯΧǼ޴
ңΧųǽмÿѲء
Ҫͨһصһ֣ϼѣʱԲС
ĳ̶ֳ˵ǲܵ顣
Ǹ߾˾Ȼͨһصġ·ͨ⡣֮ƵĳǽѾԼʱͨǽ֡
ܻûʲôоǶ塢طԼׯҵЩ˵ָоͲһˡ
֮أȴһͨУ⣬֮أָоκһƵжԲܡ
ڴ֮ǰ֮˵СһΣŽµİһζ˵ĸ߾ᡣ
û⣬ͨǳֱʣ


251 ̲֣
ȥ𣿡
̧ͷطõ
ûȥ׷ɽ棬ľïʢױ֣˿ɽ־ͳˡû⣬Ǿۼ߾ĵصڳ⡣
֪˵ݿͣطÿڵ
⣿
üͷתͷŸ߸߳ǽֵɽͷ˼
ȥ߾ľݵȻڳ⡣ȻЩ֣һ֮С
һаͨҹҲܽڡ¶Ҳܡ
ʲô뷨𣿡
忴ǰطãطòܾ񣬶¥Ǹ˱˽ȻͬȼһֱĹâǿҵĶ־
Ǹݿط÷ܵģʵȫǸݿͣʳǵĵص㣬طûô
ţôȻɡ
ΪԸ߾˺Соˣⷽطȫεġ
߾˵ݿͶʿҪǵʳõϢǲܵġðȻ£ܻݾߡ
ط֪ʲô仰ͽ˷ݿ͵ԭ
ڽôˣǸǳˣҲи˽ˡ
˵ط̾Ϣһ¶ӵɫ

ط٣û˵ȥҲûʡ֮ӵġ׻֮ⲡ䵽ġСÿ˱ԼĹ£Ҳûȥھ
֮ڡ¥طõġɹ
ǰǵһſվǰһǲɣӣһֻرӥһĶ۾ƹߵӿտյģúԶŵϵľζ
һرͣһҪǮҪ˭Ǯ˭ĹӶ֡
Ȼе㲻һƺϿô򵥡Ҳˡ
ʦ֮УûмҲмǧ
վԼǰ忴࿴һۣôע⡣
طûʱ䣬رЩ˽ܸԼǾɲ岻濴һˡ
Щˡǵ̲Щ𣿡
忴ǰ˵ҲЩϣܵ˺طһû⣬Ҳǵܵǣˡ
ţҲȫǡǾǱˡ
طָʮͣҪǮҪĹӶ֣ޱȣ
֮꣬УССڶĹܵɱ䶯һʱǼǼӵĸ𡣰Ʋˣܵǣұᵽ飬ӥְ죬˼꣬󲻵αװӣȻûйؽη참ʱ򣬱߾˷һֱУھ¥Ǿȥ˹Ӷ֣˭Ǯ˭
ôЩ꣬Щֵܣ˵ˡܴӸ߾˰ɱģôֵˡ
ط˵£˸вѡӥ֡Ҳ۾ͨ졣
ȻûоİҲ֪Щ˵ľطõҲܸоó
ʮǰСɱ͢سʱǻǱ̲һ־꣬ǰƽɹʱ
Ϊһ鰸ֵܣ˵ˡһӸ߸ϵῡܵ䳾䵽ֵز
ǵıˣʹáСȵ𣬳ɾڵĴ
ȻҲоһ㣬ձЩء
ǣ˵Щˣɣתתȥʮ꣬ջӲǶʼǶհɡӥ֣ǣλӣүүǴƾŹ
ԭֻǰطõ棬ǴʱүүǾŹ¶һɫĿҲ𾴡
ӣ
°ͬʱǰͷһ
ӣȻǾŹ֮Ҳˡ꣬ʦ͢سɱӦնġүһ󳼳ȰʥʣǲŻԺ󣬹ʲôԸ;ֱ˵
֮еֵҲ˵ͷ
üһľȡǵһ֪С󣬰ϱӣûүү˵
»֪
һ룬ôİӣ֪ٹעүүݣȻҲڹע֮С
طõҪ͢նүүƢҲܲܡ
ӣ㲻ҪǼǲȱֵȱ٣ĲǶǶĸ֡۶Ը߾˵˽⣬ǵ书۾ʦûܳùˡ
طһԽܵ
Ȼֻһֱۣʣµұ۷ǳֽ׺ңƥңҲһסֽϲٴ࣬Ǹ߾ݿҲҪ˱ᡣʵԲЩĻԱġڵ꣬ǾǱĸ֣ھ͸
ߣõϡ߾ɱҲ֮ǡֻжۻһ;˿ӡ
طûлýҲ֪ǿЩˣýЩ޷֤İȫ
廹û˵Ļ
ܹ㣬ׯҡؼҵĸ֣طЩǰȻЩĲ˵Щʱͱȹǳöࡣ
Ͼͷﰡ
ǿֿľȻǸĸ֡
а
طõֶԼԹģطֽǳ֣ǿ̶ȾͿ֪
ˣطѾھʣһˡ
Ŀһתһӥ
ӥǣ书ǲߡһ־ҪġҲǰԭ򡣡
һӥطûʲôϵֱӽ
ӥѵӥ֣ھʦǹϵĵһҲΪԭ򣬵Żϵ߾ˡѵӥԣ١̽ʳǳ
߾˼֮ĵһˣҺͶǣӥ⼸꣬߾Ҳһֱڴ̽Ϣãǣû˼
عҲˣ߾ϲѵĶѻϢֶѻٶȼ죬ҹץǿ㺣඼ץסӥѵĴӥȴܳɹĲʳǣǣҲᱻ֡Ҫҵ߾ڳľݵ㣬Ƿ֣ͱȻõӥ

۾ԾĿһ񷷡ӥһ̣֪Ϊʲôط÷Ҫˡ
ӥ߾˾ΣҲǴʲôϢͨӥǰ
ҪԸ߾ˣӥȷʵҪزȱ


252 ޴ջ
ãмλǰڣֺγ߾˽ˡ
ҲЦ
ʱеԼ֮ǰľǵġطЩˣԼļƻơ
Щ˺͸߾˶ʮ꣬ǵΪģʽгϰ߼˽⡣ڣζԸ߾˵жɹʾʹΪ
ӥڣָ߾˵Ļظ⣬ԶԶġ
طȴԶôֹۣ
еĸ߾ˣ߾ݿͣٶ޹ؽҪġ߾۹ʱܿɳ˵˸޹ؽҪĵС
طõüͷ
ǵǵжҲûаһץСֻҪڣ߾ȻԷΣΡиıʧܹܵġ
طõ
һ˲䣬еٴٲؼҵҲطû˼
СһеĸԴץסɱٵĸ߾ˣһºıʧܵġ
˵ǣӣûӴСҲ˽ȻʱܽеʱȴܷǳǾóġ
һֱûô˵ͻȻǰһɫص
꣬ʵҲвٵջնɱĸ߾ھʦľǸɡºСҲչ˱𣬵ǲֵܣҲڸ߾˵ķɱ£ˣֻʣЩˡҵ֣Ҳڵʱʧġ
û˵ɫҲ¶ͬ˼
üͷԺȴѵӪҹϮЩ߾͡
ǵԸȫĳġ
ֱʱŷԼһ顣Ը߾飬̫ˡ
ڵץסСǵжͺ塣СǱ߾ʧܣȻչڶΣΣĴεĴģɱ
ֵ޵Ӻ󣬵ȵи֮жǿסһ£߶Ⱦ裬һ꣬أ
жĹؼѾܲҵЩ߾˵Ļأ߻ɱٸ߾ˣǱܲץסС߾ˡ
λǰʲô뷨𣿡
̧ͷż˵
Ǻǣܼ򵥣ǰһֱ´ݾߣԲûЩ߾˵Ļûж𣿵һˣǾҪݾߣ
ط۾ͫбĺâ
߾ھʦЩأҲҪһˡжӲˡֻг׵Ĵݻٸ߾ھʦĻأܳ׵ĴСļƻֻʹ¶
˽Բȡƻǡǡ෴ӿִмƻΪ߾˵ĵ̫Ըˡң˵ʧ٣ֻҪܹƻɹĸ߾˸Ҫ
˵طúݺݵĴϣбһ嶼ļµĹâ
Ϊ޵Уʵ̫ԻɱСˡ
İɡ齻Ұɣ
ĬƬ̣˵ͷ

¥뿪ûе飬ֱȥֱҪ˼֧͢ĵơ
Ҳֻֻõˡ
飬ȥԼĹø֡Ը߾ˣúþǴһ
ˮԼˣ廹ǺܺõġԼҲ̲ʲôô
ĹøҲǸɴ࣬Ļ󣬺ͽͳԷ糾һֱɳһֻӴĽֵǴϡ
Щӣ¿ɹǴĸѾﵽǧ֮Ҫ滹䱸˲ٵ֡
һ֧ӱ˵Χ˸߾ˣսһСģս۶㹻ˡ
ʦӽ£Ϊ˲̫ĿֻźɧңͬʱҲΪ˲ø߾ǰо쳣жʵİ죬Ƿºڷߵϡ
׼𣿡
ڰУվ£ԶԶľ뿴ԺӡԺӷǵƹǳҫۣһָʾ˵ķ
׼йؼ·ڣȫֻ֡Ҫ뿪Ժӣ·һӾܷġ
һïʢϣһٶ͵ĽϷĽǶȿȥԶԶһȫװ飬˷ԶԺΧ
Щȫѵصľ񣬶ҸҪǰŵĻһؼ׶ơ
ΧȦСû˭Ҳ׷
׼źŰɣ
嶢Զɫ䣬ȻݺݵĻֱۡ
䣡
Ӧһ֧̻ҫ۵Ļ𻨺ͺŵĳβ̣ںҹرҫۡ
ǽźţ
ɱ
һ̣ɱ𶯣ǿ£ϣһѤõľ⻷䣬ںҹб俪
ƾʦĶ˷ڵһŻأŻأٵšһֱʮĺŻأһ̣߾ڴƾʦĻسһ֮⣬ȫ⵽˹
ǧĹ͢гǷһƻҹ£ǽһǽԺ֮С
Ʊ֣ȫϣӷһӦ֡˸߾˾ݵأȫΧͰһ㣬ˮйͨ
Ϯ
Զһĸ߾쳹أ߾˵ĸҲڷֽĽ
ϲɱ߾ʮһ
ͻȻһϤڶ𡣺¡էһɹɵ˷ӿڡ
ô£
֪ڵı仯˶סˡжŸոտʼûնɱκһ߾ˣΪʲôӵ֪ͨ
еɻûнͣ𾪵鷢ˡ
ϲɱ߾ʮ
ϲɱ߾ʮ
ϲɱ߾ʮģ
ϲɱ߾ʮ壡

һϤԺ𣬰循ĿɿڴԪ˷۶ȫת
ڶ̶ʱڣġ֮С⻷Ⱦͼ˹ȥµܺ͡ңĿڲϵĿ֮С
𾪣
ɻ
ǰһУѾȫԤϷΧڲŴš֮С⻷壬һжʵġ
ϲɱ߾ʮ壡
ϲɱ߾ʮ
ϲɱ߾ʮߣ

ϲɱ߾ʮţ
ϲɱ߾ʮ
ϲɱ߾ʮһ

һܵˢ£ȫľϲˡʶģͷųڵġ֮й⻷
ˣҹУһɹֻſüľ޴ɢˢ˷
һΣһǧٶ׵ľ룬嶼ܿԺ֮Уһ߾ĽͻȻƾճһɫ
͵һγֵĹ⻷ͬһΣбɫеĸ߾ʵ
һɾڸ߾ɢȻȻǶо쳣
ɲǼ䣬߾˵˸ˣ
ϲɱ߾ʮһ
ϲɱ߾ʮ
ϲɱ߾ʮ

ϲɱ߾һһ
ϲɱ߾һ
ϲɱ߾һ

Ϣٲһ㣬Ժгˢ¡ܣһ޴չĸˡ
̶һɲջ붼ģ


253 ߾˵ıأ
սŸոտʼԶһŻ˾ûһٸʣ֮ʯᵽЩĸ߾ǣ浽ĸ߾˾ݵ㡢ء
ѵΪ
ʯ䣬ԺһͻȻӻóһŻĻƽ
ģͬʱҲжȫȨָӡȥɱĸ߾㵽ͷϣֻΪȨơ
ѵ˵ơǹٽжҲܷӳã÷ҪԼֻɱУ
а
뵽дϲڤڤУоԼҵһ֮С⻷Ŀٽݾ
¡
Ҳʱһ仯¡¡ƺƣһ֮Ժ¡¡ֻ޴ͻȻ漴һӴ糱ˮˢ
ϲɱ߾䳬һ٣֮й⻷01⻷
֮ʯϤԺͬһʱ䣬ġ֮С⻷չ
Զ߾һŻضͻȻֵĹ⻷֮Сһ߾⼸ƾճһȦ⻷ѺսĽһΪֶΣʵǡ
ǸǶĸ߾ˡԭѾܴܵˣһĳ̶ȸ
һЩ侳һصһǿâͬνϨ𡣶ЩԪŽ׵ĸ߾ܵӰֱӴԪŽ״Ԫ˽ײ˵һԪ߽׵ļ
⵽ô£
ûͷң־ŭǻ죬ܡ֮й⻷Ӱ죬Ը˷С
˶ʵȫ״̬ӹɵġ

ûŭӣȡЩƽڣ滹вٵľ֣óԷб
û֪Ѿ¶ˣѾҪˡ
ûΨһϣǣϣ¶ĽԼ
ݣ
ͥԺ棬һ֧֧綾߰Хؽʱ̣һŻ߾ַá
ȻֻͳͳǶ֣һ־֧ͥԺеĽ˹֮С
¡
Ȼǳ֮󲻾ãֻԶһûûӦ䣡ָոճֲã㱻öŭĴֳݴţڵϡ
̫ˣ
̫ˣ
ܵʱ䣬߾ѴѪһ㱻ڵϣòˣ
ûɫҲһɲǲ԰ֽԶѪɫ
ಣ
û˿ԥûͻȻεضԾݶһ̶ûͣҲȥ
˶ˣûһӵùȥ
ûֻ֪ܱȫԼˡ
ӣ
һȣûӵǽߵͬʱһһҡһ£˰û
ʱԶ׶ߵ׳ҲķشŹû˿Ĳ·һ޹ؽҪСһ
ɵúã
£ҲһĻдϲĴָĵĸԼ
һ̫ǿˣȫѹģ
ҹϮҪôһ򣬿һ˾ܻٵĸ߾ͻʵ֡
ǸԼ˸˵ĸְ
ﬣ
û˿ԥγϵ彣һҲԶɱȥ
ӣСģ
֣󾪣һӰӸݳϽȥ
İɣôڻʲôΣգ
һЦӰߵޣһѼĺԶȥ
ϲɱ߾һʮ
ϲɱ߾һʮһ
ϲɱ߾һʮ

ϲɱ߾һʮ
ϲɱ߾һʮ
ϲɱ߾һʮ

ԺϤٲһ̶£˷ƺƣӰԴԴϵĳڣ׳
֮С⻷ϱǣһεҲΪģ˷չ
߾һŻز˵Զĸ߾˶žݵطļ
ֵķΧֱֲ
ֹ⻷Ӱ£侳ǿܵӰԽԽЩ侳һصġһߡѾܴܵӰ죬ɫ⻷ҡҡ׹
塰֮й⻷ļǿڸĭ㳹׵ˡ
Щȫϵ⻷
ЩԪĸ߾֣Ԫ߽֮ܵӰ췴ˣûмµ
忪ʼЩ֣ܿеĵ
⻷ӰڵԪûжӰ졣
Ԫĸ߾Ԫ߽֮󣬲µ䡣֮СĹ⻷ҲǼɲˡ
һŻеĸ߾˼һס
⣬ս⻷ڣ
һŻеսѾ嶼ûüμӼսͥԺսѾˡ
ԺǸ߾˵ʬ壬ɢһء
湫ӣ߾˵Ļ淢˼ӣ
սһսʿһŻصĵ˼ڴӡ
ȥֻڴӣȫһſڵ֮С
ʲôѵǱ
а
߾˼Ȼ׼ھ֮дƻ϶Ҫ׼һϵȸוּһնͭȻεһƿһڴӡ
һ̣벻鷢ˣӴ򿪵ɲǣһɽŨɢ
ģʲô߾췴õıһӻĸ߾˲Ρ
У
һӵĸ߾˲Σ˵壬Ա߱ŵĽʿĵһ
ǶԸ߾۹ô˽⣬Ҳ֪߾۹˲μֵǣϺõʥƷ
һӣĸ߾ټƣֱֵ޷
ӷˣ
ЩӲӵĸ߾˲Σ嶼Ƭ̡ջ̫ˣԶԶԤڣһʱᶼûӦ
˵ﲻǱ˲Σôӣ˵
忴һڿڵĴӣͻȻޱȣͻȻ޴Ҹеĸо
ﬣ
һ뵽ȸֱﬣһ·߹ȥеͭȫն䡣
ƿӣһһڣÿһӴ򿪣һƬʮӣʮĸ߾˲Σ
һηˣ
һɲмֱ̲סЦ
ӣЩ߾˲ô
ԱվŵĽʾ̬ûκҪȾָ˼εָӹ٣ƣľ
˵صǸ߾˲ΣǽɽɽֻɵҲû˸Һȥ
ػеġ
һ䣬ֵáģ̧Ҹȥ
۾Ƭ̣ȻһӣЩ߾˲εȥ
ΪжȫȨָӣ㴦Ȩеġž֪ˣҲ˵ʲôġ
Χ˸߾ˣ߽ھеǴһ϶̲ϵģټӾҲû£Щôܲ˵ġ
˭ҲҸ
лӣ
ȻԼֵһ䣬ʾĽҲǴϲչأȫԶ̵ġ
ǾȻһ䣬ǼĶ顣
ټΧ˸߾ˣ͢϶ҪǾģβμжĽջС


254 ɹ
սƷķܿݵи߾˵ʬҲһա
ûǣЩ߾˿һֻ߾˲Σ
һžݵսѾݵսȴڼ
ϲɱ߾һ
ϲɱ߾
ϲɱ߾

ԺϤڼ塰ɱĸ߾ĿѸٳ٣Ծ˵ٶȼ
Ŀ޷ģ
벻ƻôĺôϧˣֺҲֻһΣж֮͵ûˣ
вϧ
ƣд󳼵ƣ͢Щƣÿ˶Ҫղأżȥܳڲ
ЩõĴ㣬Ҳֻѡ
һŻ뿪Ϲ㣬ׯҡؼҵĸ֣Ѹٵظȥ
Ĵܼ򵥣һŻΪԼġ֮С⻷ӳɣЩ߾ʵһ̫
ؾδˡ
Щֵĸ߾˻أǿ̫࣬ôԼġ֮й⻷ܰѸٵĽս
ϲɱ߾İٰʮ壡
ϲɱ߾İٰʮ
ϲɱ߾İٰʮߣ

ԺϢȻٲ㲻ͣĳ̶£ʱġ֮С⻷Ѿǵ˰뾶ǧף൱ʮ·̣
Լʱ֮еսȫˡɱĸ߾Ҳٶʮ
ġ֮С⻷Ҳﵽһһǧ׵ķΧ֮⣬ʮ߾˲Σ˳϶ֽɫ˲Σּʮͨɫ˲Ρ
Щȫĸۡ
ΪָӹٺʤߵĽͣ
ǿˣ
˺ŵĸ߾˾ݵԺǽ⣬һôֱ죬£Ĺøͨ죬ǰĴܵԺ䣬緢˷ܲѡ
־ʵ̫Ҫˣ
ĻڽԲ˳Է糾ǲеġݹͣûԷ糾ΣҲһԽڽߪ
ԼֶӣԽԽϲԽԽǾý˼Ҷǿͽ˾󣬵Լȴǿֶӹ
һ㶼ʲô
Լôһӣȫֵý¡ڳ˼ʮ֮Ҫڷɶˡ
Ǻǣøģ⻹СͶѡץסСǿǴһøԺߪ̫ײ
΢΢Цţ͹øվһһʱ䲻巢ڹøò̫һˡ
ͦΣվһǹţ˾šһɣʾһɲϵһ޿ܵĸо
ʣʱøΪ˳ĽԼǾڷãҲԼһƬġ
Ҳοѡ
Է糾ø֣ùøһԷ糾֮¡Է糾ֻһֶΣһֹ̣յĿġ
յĿģϣøڽгΪһĴڣ˭ĸ棡
øЩ߾˲Σȥɡ⣬ʱһٸŵҩ㡣
һͻȻڵ
ǺǣôøΪ̫ͣ
ֻعͷʧЦ
Ǻǣøѵӹְ̫ûмǴĻӦҲϵɡʵǿһЩǺһ㡣ңĹְҲǺΪҹİɣøЩʵûдġ

ȥģĻѾǧ߾˲ΡøһѾ㹻ġ
û˵˼
ıܾģϾЩ㹻ġЩ߾˲ΣԼˣûбҪʲô
󼸾䣬ֳĬˡ
м仰˵ûϵұĻҪԷ糾һʱ䣬Ѿܵ൱ǿųˡ
һпʵ˵ԡȭͷΪ
˭ȭͷ˭˵Ȩ˭ܵ˵ء
ðɣ
ֵ˵ͷڸıע⡣
Ц˳
棬λˣսѾɨϣ
ڴʱһСܹǰվ̬
ܺáȥɡ
ְ˰֣Ȼתߵ壬Ŀƣ
սѾʲôƻ
Ǻǣһأûдݾ߰ɣ

Ǻǣû
ᡣ
Ǻãǳɣ
͹ø뿪һתֱȥ¥ʱԵúôˡ
ʦĵ̣ǲŵġ̫ۡ¥ΪԼľݵ㣬ǾͷˣҲõĻע⡣
˾㿴Լ¥ԷҲֻΪԼϲľƲˣƵһ㡣뵽Լˡ
뵽طáӥ֡ȫԼ
ôˣ
һ¥˾;ۼ˹
˸OKƣȻ󿴵ɻĿ⣬漴Ӧ˸ʲô˼
㶨ˡ
΢΢һЦĿڵЦôĻر˲پ֣㲻ǲŹˡ

Ļ˳ĳһһİһ
ӣж֡С̫ϤˡԽжһܲμӡֹӥľӥҲһܷųȥ̫¶ʲô¡
СжǵĲμӣʾȫͬˡȫȡжпܵġ
ط뵽ʲô͵
ģס
ȻһЦ˰֣ʾطİ˲ɣ˲ãȻطǣôܻù
˿󷽣Ȼ飬жǸпѡλȻᣬȴûһ۵ζȻ֮ңȴû֮ҵ
¸ʮ꣬һץС˵ϣˣ
ǰǸô
һȺڵϥΧһȦ̵
ӣǸûɣ
ûС
ܺãΧһεжؼǸءеĻһˣ߾˾ͻΪǵȫ򡣶һЩһЩ߾˾ͻĴҡŪͷԽ󣬶˵ĻԽ࣬ǵͻԽ
С̫˽ⲻˡ̫ԸˣԸһĳƻ;׵ĸġٴ󣬶˵壬ǲںġ
ڵǣڡڡ˵˶ٸ߾˾ݵ㣬ɱ˶ˣ㶼һˡС˽㡣֪ǲıơ
طó
һȡ
ͻȻطãǰո˵С˽Ҷ𣿺ٺ٣ͻȻ˸ע⡣
˵ͰԼ뷨˵˳
ҲСȻŪŪ㣬ԽҡСͻԽ͸㡣ҲԽ㡣ӣͰ˵ɡ
ط뷨ҲȻһЦϣƻ͸׳ɹˡ
ڽӥͿˡ
š
ӥ֣صĵ˵ͷ
ôˣõΪЩֵܱʱˡ


255 ҹı
¡
ʮ߾˾ݵرˣϢɢ˲˾޴𶯡
ڴǴʲôܡûκһ߾۹һôӴļ硣
رЩʬչʾھʦʾ֮󣬸˾޴𶯡
˵ĸ߾ģѾ˷κһҡȫﵽСҵĹģ
ңճ͢Ϣǽľݵ㻹ʮʷĻءƾЩأǲ֪˶ٰɱƻ֮ǰѵӪҹϮǵĽܳ
Щ߾ʿõ֤ݣĸ߾ʿչʾ󣬸ʵЩ߾Ĳ֮ģھʦ֮һƬȻ
˾ͽʼǸЩ©֮㡣ĸ߾˵̣Ҳдľӳ롣
׺ݡ뺷ĸ߾ˣԾʦ˵ķŭ쳣ѡ͵ϣһƲԼˣЩ㰵ɱƻĸ߾ݿ͡䲻֮ͬ
һ֮ڣĸ߾˱Գ͢Ĵģж˺ѡ˳Ĭ
ȻҲоˣεǲͬġɱƻҵǲᲢ۵ġ
Ľڣﲢʹá
Ÿ߾˵ֵǷ꣬ϸڱ¶ΧжУָжĽͷ֣жУӹΰ
Ϊ飬ڽܵѾΪƷУξƻЩ߾εģȴһϤ֣
壡
ڡҹϮʱ򣬷˿켣һ·׷٣˸߾صЩݵ㡢أһټ
˵ĻǸĹ

ʣ
ʦЧⲻ֪ɽݵ֮УһɭȻӰһȭϣɢֲϢ
ǰӰڵϣɪɪ
ôжǼѵûһ𣿡
ûеƣɭȻӰ΢΢ǰ㣬һ˫۾ȴںڰɢĹâӴѹв
ص£ǵжǳͻȻûһϢңֱӵĽҹʱֵиʱʮһжǸûκηӦʱ䣬ߣ
ǲֵ˷ǳû׼ǵһ·
һڵϵĺݿ͵
ڸ߾۹⣬ܹá¡ƺֻһˡʣǰ˾Ǹ߾۹ƵԣС
ǻؾôױʶƣзְ׻֮Ⲳμӵĺۼ𣿡
ڰУСһϢ糱ˮ䡣
ʮرˣǴδй¡
ĵһӦǵ̲ЩֲμжֻЩ϶֣ܶǸ߾ô˽⡣
ûС鷢ʱǵ˾Χˣûзְ׻֮ǡ
һ߾ݿ͸ֵ
ȻʮرˣǸ߾˱鲼иӲһݵ֮С
ֻǣеѡ
鷢֮дܣôǲһûСȻҿսֳ۲컹ǿԵġ
ˣж߾ͬѼ˲ٵ鱨
ѵֻһɺϣ
С۾пͬ飬ڵϵĸ߾ݿͷȴĸˣҲηˡ
ȻȷǵõϢεֻżȻ⣬ϴεǲҲϢˡ
߾ݿ˵ţӻͳһڣĵȥڸУÿ˶Լ顣
ȻǸѼ鱨ġ
ﾲĵģСŴ߾ݿнӹ˾ڡֻǿ˵һۣС΢΢ɫȻŷҳһ·ȥһﲻ
£Ǹ壬ѾúǴƾŹӣжĽ֣Ĺø˹ϵǳС
Ȼ᲻󣬵ܵӡƳ̫¼ڶʹ¼ǳŨصļд˵Ҷ˼ʮҦҿɽҦ磬ҲΪԭͷϴ
ּ˶ǳвܣΪӵܡ⣬ʹƵ¹ϵУγжĽҲû⣬ҲӰӹ͢еġ
ĻƾøְֵλܵôģĽ⣬ǵжֳӰΪ߸˺ü֣û
ҪǡѵӪҲ鵽֣һҹϮжµİ׻壡
ݿ͸˵˴˶٣д⣺
ǵ˼ѵӪеѧҲ鵽˴ԮӪأ
˵󣬵ݿ͸¶ɱͬһʱ䣬Ҳ¶ɱ
ʣѾˡʮرˣȻ˼飬˺صĳˡ
ǴǸ¼ܷǵĻҲǲܵġ
һڴƵ۹͢϶޴ˣѾóȥȡѾ߱жϵļֵʲô飬ȫܵġ
һʱ䣬һƬš
С߾ݿ͸֣˶Ĭÿ˶ܴϢ󣬸оͬһķ
Դʮǰİ׻֮ⲿʼǾͺܾûдƾʦĶˡͰ׻֮Ⲳͬǣİ׻֮ʵʧˡ
꣬Ųʮ꣬Ѿʧܣ͸ߴ߰˵ˡ
İ׻֮ⲣӵͱˣҲӵΣա
ڸ߾۹ݵ˵ⶼʲô£
˶ףζʲô
뱻ĻԺԸ߾вԽԽ
ǣһذȫ𣿲Χûпɵ٣
֪˶ãϷġСһڣ͸˼ıζ
ˡûУΧһ糣Ӧǻûз⴦ء
һݿ͵
СûκεıʾϤ˶оóСࡣ
һظ㲻ʲôȫˣڸ߾۹˵Ҳ㲻ʲô
ССĻر͸¶壬ȴô򵥵ġ
ᰡ
ڰУСͷһЦζ
ټ۹еʿɣ
Сλվֻ˵һ仰ˣǷ˶ǻһ͵̧ͷ
£ھҪж𣿡
ڴƿǶǷʱ򣡡
ʱжǿ»ʧأ

˶һ֪С¾Էˣ˭Ҳû뵽СôȻҪ˼ж
ߣʵ֮ʵ֮Ǵƾʦзʱ򣬵ͬʱҲиʱǾ뵽ȫǴѲʱǻչɱж
СͷĿ䲻ߣȴֲɵζ
ۻۣǸ߾۹һķ񡣻ػǶǹûӦҲǶЩȥʿο塣Ϊ˵۹Щʲôأ
ЩΪ۹ʿҫģ۹סǵģ
һ仰еķԡݿ͸϶¶ϵĹâ
ǣ£
һʿ룬жɣ⣬ǸһҲ뵽ɱɣҪɱƵسҲһңߣҪۡ
˵˴Сһ±Ǿҵˣ
ǣ
ڰϢ


256 죡
ɽХСһȺ߾ݿ͸̶жƻʱ˭Ҳûע⵽ͷҹɫһֻӥ˫չϵ
ǴӥһԣûзκεঽУһ˫۾ںڰӰ磬еһС
ಣ
֪˶ãӥڵͷԵҹ磬Ŷķȥ
ӥӸ߸ӹ»ɽеһɽڡڰУһֲڵֱ˳סֻѵأĴӥͬʱһֻȥһɡ
Ǵӥ߶ס¾ȥ
벻߾˵ĻؾȻڣ
üͷһֻ°ͣ˵ĹŹ֡ĽǶȣԶ龰һԺ⡣
Щ߾湻թȻɽķԺء֪˭뵽ǵжݵ㣿
ҲǽҲѡӥڣѵĴӥ˸߾ͨĶѻԺ֮У벻Щ߾Ȼ
Ҽǵĸ֮ǰ͢Ҫڳɽ֮о轨һԺڿЩ߾˿ıѾãǸʱѾʼıˡ
忴Ϸ򣬹ģӴķԺüͷҲġǰǺġ˭뵽ǾȻǸ߾˵ľݵ㡣
ϸ룬СܹΧ˳ظ߾۹ֻԺҲѲϵ
Ȼǵĸ߾˵ľݵ㣬ò˵ǸǮҲǸ߾ˡ˵һˣڼϽ˿ֻ²ֹԺĺУЩĹˣҲͳͳǸ߾ˡ
ô飬߾ǲܼ˵ģ
ҹɽϣ˶ɫء
СĻҪƻĶࡣԺĸеĹˡУȫǸ߾αװ
飬Ҳж뵽ΪеһУǹƤ½еģ
˶ˣҲжƻжǶעܳɹġӥô
طվһþ£ŤʿԱιӥӥ
һڣ岽һڡǿ»ûпԺѾ߾˷ˡֹˣƸӣΧççȺɽ֣ǳܡ߾ּƻУԺʱܣ
ӥһ˦ֱϵĴӥɫزѡ߾˵ľеĻҪûǡ
ҪԺǲܡΧˣûпԷѾӹˡ
ӥĻ˶üͷ
󣬼㷢˸߾˵ľݵأ⣬ҲѴȫ˵󻹹һ
ֹˣЩ߾˵ЩСȻ֣ôıȻǸ߾еĶĺֱ֣ӾǸ߾۹Ľ켶ĺ֡ԸЩˣ̫٣ﲻЧᱻǻ
ɫ֣صʧȥһֱ۵ģʮǰĲʹѵڻӡ̣
ӣһҪע⡣Χ˵Щĸ߾ˣҲΧͨ䡣Сִаɱƻɱ£ȻǸ߾۹ľ񡣡
ҪΧһҪʮֵľ񣬷Ļһʧܣֺ˭Ҳе𣡡
߾˵ֵǷ꣬ʦ˵ע⡣Щ򷬹Ҳڹע¡
жʧܣҿ¶е
С¾ͽҰɡ
Ƭ̣Ц
һͨЭ͢Ǿĺ֡飬ֻҪʮǰľ¾Ҫݣ֪ԡ͢Ǳ߻֪ôġ
ʮǰ飬ڳҰĳǾ޴ġںܶ󳼻ӡ̡
ֻ̫ҪԼô¡ţͻкܶҪɴ֣ⷽȫõĵġ
طáӥ֡ǻ࿴һۣж˵ͷ
ˣ
һ仰飬Ƕ٣ĹϵҲܵôңôֵܳɾһСӢպҹҹجβơ
һźһҲңһӵܵİⷽҪܶࡣ
ڶ󲿡̲ⷽҲָֻˡ
ȻЩˣжɰܵĹؼҪ취㡣
ֵ
Ǻǣģܲˣ
ЦЦһָͻȻڵϻͻȻľٶ˵ע⡣
ҸոˡĵͼҲòŷƬֻҪǰһֻӣǾӲˡ
ܿͼ˳ϱо̣޴صɽϤˡһͻ˳
һ㣬طúͶǶϤһͻˣжǰ졣
ôôģľӵܲ߾˵ע⡣ֻҪһ뿪ţСǱ߾Ѿˡ
طõ
뷨ܺãҪϧͲʵ
Ǻǣ˭˵Ҫӳеˣ
ʧЦһг
ÿ궼ľӵֻҪһ֧ӱϾˡʱһֻˡ

˻࿴һۣڶԷп𶯡ͨбΧ˸߾ˣ˵ȫ췽ҹ̸顣
ߣ֮£ɲ졣
ÿһǶϷ˵飬˵붼顣
У赭дȫһ¡
Ǻǣſڿӡ͢سɱʲô֮£һֽ㲻ʲôģȴǻģ֤Ǻ£ǽ˶ܽܵġ⣬ҲʲôģıֻҪ뾩ʦĵطǷͿˡҲԽӰС١
֪ʲô򵥽ܵ
û˵ֻǵ˵ͷֹֻģıǿԽܵġ
ôʣһСˣ
һɲǣٴα
嶼ĬˡæҾҲﲻæСûչ棬ѹͲ֪ʲô
£Сվǰ嶼ûа취ϳаûȥץ
ֹˣĿǰΪֹȼθսӴСͺΣĽƻȴˡ
ǰԺԺõ֤
ӥô鷳ˡһʼжЩӥȫųȥҪÿһս֮뿪ĸ߾ˣܷһʮˣӦĻᣡ
ţ
ӥ֡صĵ˵ͷٴ¶о
ж˶Ҫ˵ʲôֹסˡ
ûоκˣϢĴɽ˳ȥ


257 ԺΧˣ
Ǹ߾һһ˫Ҫӽ׼Ҳ֪߾˵жʱΪǰ
߾֪ͬѾǵϳ
Ѿǹؼ˫˭ҲûʶѾһʱܡ
߾һ췢ô˷ǵϳҲվʧˡ
뾩ʦ̫ˣ
ͬģڸ߾жǰǰɱĵԼϣעǸ߾˴ܿ䡣
ʱ˭Ҳܿȥ죬ȥ²ԷԱ̫ΣˣԷľ
ʱһζ
ˣ
ʦɽеľ޴ԺУһŹͷģȫһдĸ߾˷̾Ϣ˷ܲѡ
ʱãǰ˲дңԶĸ߾۹Ǵ׼жɱسĵ۹ѾȫִԺƵ۹˶һȷѪꡣ
سˣۡϴ󲿷ֶɭϣֲ٣ҪɱǲףҲҪԶɽӵ۹ڲǴֵԭ
һ۹Ļȥɱһ۹󳼣˵ɱ˵ȴս
˶ǰһսȥ׼ġԲжٵ׼նһ
׼𣿣
һдĸ߾һɲǼ˷ߺɽɽХ
׼ˣ
Ϊ˵۹

ո£ֻԺΧ飬ȫǱһҹ´ĸ߾֣һֻһ˫۾¶棬ҡ˷ܡȵĹâ
ϣһɱһͬɽХһ㡣
׼ʱĸ£Զɽе׼ȫɡھۼĵ۹ʿֹ٣
ӴԺ飬ﵽһǧĵ۹ʿ
Һ;ʦЩﱻ˵۹䲻ͬЩĸ֣ľ񣬴ǧѡġ
ʮǰǾֹģľڴƾʦһȷѪ꣬Ƴ͢󲿷ֻȫˡ
һоҪˣ
Ϊ˱£
Ϊ˵£
Ϊ˸߾ҫ
ɱ

һƬȵźУһǧĸ߾۹񣬷׷װγ˱ĸ߾ʿܼĵֱֱ죬ǹⷢļµĺ⡣
¡һ̣ĸ߾۹糱ˮһԽԺĸǽ׷Ŵƾʦķȥ
ȥɣҵʿǡôѪɺӣ
ХڷԺݶϢ磬ɽһӰϷ
䣬ǰȥĸ߾ˣбǳΪ֮ɫʧɫâ
һж׵һѾǱڣڵǵר˰ţ⣬֧ǷͻȻ֣ҲܹѸٵϴԷ֤κϢݳȥ
һҹƱȻٹ𶯣ңԶĸ߾۹Ϊǽ
ণ
һȺԶʱͻ𣬺ҹһ֧貵̻ХţͻȻԶ
ҫĿĹâаĳβỤ̃úԶҲܿõĿ
ô£
ԺݶϣϢ磬籩ӰɵˡֹǣѾԾԺǽ۵糸ĸ߾ݿ͸Ҳסˣһգʶͣ˽Ų
ǻЧҰ⣬뾩ʦвٵľ룬ǲӦó̻ġ
ֲʲôգԲӦʲô̻֣
ɲǼ䣬һƬţǻҲʧˣֻͷɽ
жоһ˿
Ȼﾲĵģ֧յ̻⣬ʲôҲûз
·ֻһɲǣֺĸͣΪʲôзʱһ̡
¡
Ⱥɽ𶯣һֻεĴڵȺɽķա
ɱ
ĺɱȺɽһ̣߾𾪵ĿУչĴƽɽҰ˷ϯ
ôܣ
ԺԺݶϣϢĸ߾ǿɫ䣬ݶϵ
ⲻܣôôƾôģ
أأôĳأ˶ˣôûзκεľʾ
СģϮ

̼ŭĸ߾쳹գԺǽ⣬һڸ߾ʱһƬҡ
ǵУһԵӦЩ󳼸ϵĻ֣һֻĴƽ
ѾһɱˣǱһս
СģΪ˵۹
וּУ˸һЩ߾ȷӦһȫʿڳ˷̬
ȻǷӦȴǴƵ۹һ
䣡
һ߾ûзӦͱһֳݴţεĶڵϡ
֣Сģƾ֣
һļе쳹أȻ𣬾Ϩˡ߾˶ͷм˳ɴΣ˵ϡ

ܹһǾܵϮ֮ѸٵķɢѰ壬Ѹ󷽳ˡ
ǵò֦˸֮Ѹ١ݣͨ˿Աġ
ɱ
û˻طԺս˻ִеһסĿĵĽХ
Щսףһƥƥߴޱȣ׳̺ӴĹһľ·ϵľײˣǹƴݿ࣬ҡ
¡¡
ֻһɲǼ䣬ͽʲһֲͬս⻷ͬһȻصײһ
޴Χľ׳Ƭǧϸľмʮ֮ߡ
ϲɱ߾پʮһ
ϲɱ߾پʮ
ϲɱ߾پʮ

ɲǼ䣬ХԶɽϣվһŴ£ٴϤһ󲨵Ϣ̶£ڵġ֮С⻷ٴ
սĹ⻷Ȼֻս֮вѵʽ
ԣоķֻоȫÿһϸţѡ
ʲôþͿķʽʵ̫ˬˡ
ǿϧˣսָֻӹ֮һָӹһλ
Ťͷһ
һŸͷɫ俢Ľ佫ĿֱǰɢһǿҵѪζȻϹսμӹģս۵ġ
ɳ͢Ǳֱָɵġ
ȻϾǽˣΪ˲ø߾ܣĽʵ̫ˣһٽ׹ߵĽʵָӣ
սָߡ
õĺôɱı̯ˡƣ⴦һֵַģȻԴеõĺô
ãѹø˽ˮΧ֮󣬹øȻܹٴθƾιͣͻԶԶˣպڽмӹٽָտɴ
ŤͷԶѾŷԺɱȥĹø֣¶һ˿Цݡ
ûָӴҲҪΪøȡĹͣ
ÿʮ ׻


258
ֵǣϣ
ҪסǵĿСζܣ

˼⣬˷ʱͻȻһȴգ廹ûüֹͿطǡ֡ӥ˺۾ƥ¡¡̳ԶķԺɱȥ
ÿ죡
ɱУ屾ǳٵϳˡ룬ȥɡ
˱ôʮ꣬Ҫ̵סŹˡ
ԶսѾƽԺΧˡ
¡ͻȻ֮䣬һ廹ûӦʶо͸оһɰ磬ǿӷԺķˢ
ε֮ͻ𣬾Ұ֮Уһһĸ߾ݿͽͻȻһһȦľ״⻷ͻȻǵڶ
нΣЩ߾ݿͽ¶ʱͬ޹⻷
佫и߾ͳ佫
Ǻڰһ⻷ɽڵ˶ˡ嶼̲סգ۾
ս⻷ﵽһ̵佫ܹս⻷ӸеĲ£ս⻷һɫ
Ҳս⻷
ǣÿ˶ԸӵġֻΪﵽһ̶ȵ佫ſ
佫κһ۹Ǹ߾ƣ˹أʳǾصģͨأ
ּ佫Ը߾ǸСʧ
߾˻Ѫ
һЦܿͷӦû⣬Ӧӥ۲쵽ķԺǼġ
߾еͳ佫ɳˣԽԳεж־ڱصá
ȷʵսϵġսַʽġսͶСջȴҪöࡣ
¡
Ժݶĸ߾ͷڵս⻷и߾˵ͬʱһ࣬岻ԶĵطжʵȫֵĽ佫ǰ΢Σͬͷڵս⻷һȦȦҫ۶ĿĹâ˲סеĽ䡣
ɱ
Զƺƣɱ𶯣⻷⻷ײ𵴡ɺصײһսѸٽ˼Ϊҵĵز
ڳϣһռ˾ԵƣǸ߾˵ĵֿȴǿңԤѸٱĳ沢ûеӵɽƣï֣ܵǽõĶ
Щ߾һ١ݵľټ͡򷨣Ȼγйģĵֵٳûб
ߣ븺翹𣿡
һЦ߾̻ǵ˹ζӵ£ǶһҪҧԷһڡ
ȺҲˣ
߾Ϊۼһǧ˵Ķ񣬼ϸӵĵƣܺô˶ԿǾˡ
ˣ
һȻһ̤¡¡ҡض˲ͷڵġ֮С⻷һεĲΪ룬ƬȺɽ
ֻһΣЩƵöǼĽǶԷĸ߾ˡˣƹһ߾˽µĹ⻷ͻȻʧ
ͻı仯ҡ
ԭȻĸ߾˾ӶʱһƬҡû˹⻷֧֣˷߾һ˲˲١
Զ֪սϵı仯ɫĮĽ佫һŤͷԶԶһۣһ˿ɫ
ʱȴɣٴϤ
ϲɱ߾߰ٶʮһ
ϲɱ߾߰ٶʮ
ϲɱ߾߰ٶʮ

ϲɱ߾˰ʮģ
ϲɱ߾˰ʮ壡
ϲɱ߾˰ʮ

һܵϢˢ£ڵġ֮С⻷ڶʱѸһء
ڴƵľڣͽоżսҲδ̫ˣ
ȻһЦ
ڣ߾˻븺翹Ϊֿ̫ܵˡġ
㣬ǣ׼ãʱ׼ս

ǣӣ
ܿתȥⳡսȨ޲ҪָȨ佫
廹ƾҪһֻӦĽԼȫȨָӡȻûʵʵĹΣо̣ԼսĲ׽ﻹûܳ
սͣԽȡ룬Щ߾Ǵ֪ʱѾֻø죬ʱ˭ҲܲˡټˣɹģĵֿȻ취ͻΧ뷨ϧʵ
Ц
ĸ߾ȷʵܶ࣬Ȼܵټֵ֣Ȼ̻֯ͻΧЩ˵ʵͻȻпʵ֡
ڣЩˡ
ǲġǰŪսĻǰŪ
ӣѾټϣ
ܿһ𣬹ڵϣͷһһֻҵĽӢ쪣ĳɽϡ
ЩĽ˶ĿᶨϢǿÿһ϶ɢһٵϢȫǽеľӽرѡġ
׼ʸ󣡡
ǣһƥȥȻϵ彣Ŀֱ
ΧĽ￴ĲӰĿжʱ¶֣صɫʼʱ򣬻Ϲָӡ
´ʱǻˡʱ˵ĸоȫһս֮
һ룬룬룡
ĿעԶһ֪˶ãΪеԶµʱڴеڳˡ
ɱ
ͬͻɽһһٶƥս˻ϣĳ˻Уһٶｫ塢˼м䣬·֮ɽŭȥ
¡¡
غĹӰͬ󷽵˶ȥķڶޱȡ
ź쳹صĺսĳ˻ԶܵĻ⣬ı⣬һɲǼ䣬·иĵоȫѪҺ
һ˲䣬ʶ·Խ˾Զʱգٴθоһٻսٻ
طģսģ
ˣ
ĳ漣һ߾˵֮ͻȻһ˿϶¡һ̣İؼ׾·һ⵶һݺݵĲ϶֮Уҽ϶˺ѳһ޴Ѻۡ
ľ޴һ߾ݿ͸ָ߸ײա
ɱ
ʱ쳹أֻһ˲䣬߾˵߾ͱп˺룬òȶţʱһƬҡ
쵰
Ժˣվڸߴȫֵĸ߾ʱɫһγɱ֮ǰĿĳ׵Ļٵˡ
ɫĻٵ֧ӣǺܿˡΪ˴Ѿٴ͵Ĺˡ
Σ˶ս
׼һΣ
Զ߾䴩ھӸ£ͣڶɽٴͣ
ĽǶȿԿԺĸ߾˻ռߣ׼ٴμᡣ
Ȼ˵ֻҪ䴩ǵΣеĸ߾˾ͻ᳹׵ܡ
ɱһ£սһ£
Щ߾ѾĽ֮ˡ
׼ڶγ
¡ྫӲڶ䴩߾˵Ӫ֧һǧ˵ĸ߾˾ڳױˣҲ޷֯ɹģߵֵ
˸ΪսһƬң


259 ֮ս
һ֧޷֯Чεĸ߾˾ٶ࣬ʵٸߣһ֧ɹģĴƾǰҲֻ۵
ڶ䴩ǵӪпʼһǧԶɽңԶĳʰ뵺ĸ߾˾Ѿעˡ
쳷뿪
ȺһƬңͬһ㣬˷ȥûڷԺȫ׽͸߲ˡ
䣡
һ࣬˾սգһ۵Ĺ⻷ںڰβ߾׷ȥ
ǵֿĻе鷳һܣǾĸģ
ϲɱ߾һǧһһʮ
ϲɱ߾һǧһһʮһ
ϲɱ߾һǧһһʮ
ϲɱ߾һǧһһʮ

ϲɱ߾һǧʮߣ
ϲɱ߾һǧʮˣ
ϲɱ߾һǧʮţ

һɹɵϢ·ٲԺг̶£ȺɽУϮϮһɹεܣġ֮й⻷ڴﵽһ׵İ뾶ٴչ
ĿУоǰδе˷ܡ
߰ٶͿԴﵽ2⻷
а
֮С⻷ԽԽʼʱֻҪɱһͿˡ
Ǵ01Ҫɱ100߾˹ػߴʳگ䣬ЩٶԪŽ׵侳ģÿһ֮
2Ҫɱ͸ˣҪ2000
ġ֮С⻷ڻ1ֻܶЩһؼµЧü۸ԣԵġ
ؼϵþҪСˡ
Ҫǿߵ⻷ָǿĶֲãġ֮й⻷Ҫﵽ2С
𣡡
˼ʱͻȻ֮һ춯صŭɽµķԺдǹ̵أҶ׷ɵɽϵǰ
ԺںǼ߾˵佻֣
ߴ͵͵ǾҵĿϵĺɫҹ¶ù졣
ڱϣӸ£ֻԺԺǽѾƵԺ棬Ĺø֡طáӥ֣ۡɳָ͢ɣɫĮ岻ôϤĽ佫Χ߾죬˫䣬ҵĽսһ
䣡䣡䣡
һɹƺƵǵأɽ֮ǽԺᡢɽͬԺߴʯ綹׷ײ÷顣
ͬײķ籩𣬴ﵽʮ֮ߣԺ
Щҡ̺ƻ籩ǰеĽʿͳͳƳ˷ԺķΧ

ʮɵĻ𣬽յͨ죬ҵĽնҪ˺ˣҵķ籩УֳһЩ˾Ӱ
̺ƿɽϵĹ㶼̲סգ۾ηʶ˼
侳
㼸Կ϶Щ˺ܶ඼侳ǿߣЩǣҲӽˡΪҲֻ侳ǿ߲ܲơ
ǿ
а
侳߲ܶԿ侳ǿߵģǴΧˣǽ֮ͬв侳ǿߣּսǸҲμӵġ
ģǲģ
΢Ц
ȻֲûϹսȻⷽ治˽⡣ԱԽսϣ˭ܵΨ߾첻ܵӲܵɵǡ
ָ͢ɵλ佫һֱԱûвμսԭ߾ûܣȻһ㡣
Σһ߶ǾزܡӱһܸûãбȻİա
䣡䣡䣡
ԶԶκ侳ײ˷ɽͶڼֵĽв
ֻǶ̶̵ʱ䣬ķĸ½ķԺʹݻ֮ݻٵשľƬ裬Ƽ产ˡ
֮廹ǵһμ侳ǿս
ּսѾԽĿǰĵȼ˵壬ǹǿҲһֲϡ
΢һ»ǿԵġ
諒й
΢΢һЦͻȻ
ͳɵߵ׳֣廹ǻ˲ʳġ
λʵ̫Ĭˣ
ӡ
ƺƣܿ죬ȫףĺͰһ辰һ֧ƴ󹭳
׶վһּѹȸС
ߵˣزصˣ֮ǿԶⳡսһɱĸ߾侳ּĽ֡
ʵĲ
˵ս掠ʵǿģҲԼ
北ԿԺ𣿡
һָָɽµ
һ仰ʱ˵ע⣬Ǹߵİ׷׿˹
ûõģǵٶ̫ˣ籩ĸ̫ˡֻ˵ġ
ȫں˵Ѿ֪ͼ
뷨ܺãʵʡ
ֹУٶ̫̫ˡʵһɱ׸ɵЩ侳֣ǶڵϣܵĻᶼûС
ʵﵽ侳߾ּ𣬾кܴĻʵĹ
ǵķӦ̫̫ˣ
Ǳ˴֮ľ̫̫ˣһļ䲻߾ˣͻ䵽Լˡ
ҷԺиŵĶ̫ˣҶשߡľмгĻ桢
Ȼ˵ЩǵӰûжôǸһǴڵġ
սһһ󣬵ʱ򲻵ɱ˵ˣᵼ¼˱ɱ
ӾŪɳ׾ˡ
Ժеսûпȴһֱٳûгֲûԭġ
̫ˡ
ǺǣԺ󷽵׿𣿡
ȻһЦͻȻָɽµ
ף
һɻҲ׷˹ȥ
ɽµķԺݻֻ֮ʣ֮һ֮һսĵطȷʵһֻ͵ףſݼϡ
ڷݵĽУܽǵʵǺܳġ
ֻ˲ףͰԼˣԸЩ߾ʲôϵ
һ𣬴ﵽʮһɵʱվҵĺѹ׼Ϳˡ
屳һָֻ֣Ա߲Զŵ
ˣ
Ļһ壬еһ¶˾ȵɫǼ֮вŻõĶ
Ľڽڼʱ򣬾ָˣҪ̧߶٣ѹͶ١
ΪҪΪ׼ֵ뼫׼ȷ˿
ͬʱÿߡ۳ռϰߣĶǾȻȻģָʱ򣬸ÿ˵ֵÿ˶ͬ
Ҫһ㣬ϵ輫ΪСָϣϼ붼ûУʱ壬Ҳδ
ʲôʱȻôļ衣
ĻɣŴݵı飬˺ȥ


260 һ
ݣ
ϵļͲһƵĳʳжָ֮䣬殺ŰɵߵָλãȻϼȻŤͷһԵ塣
оúЦͳе뷨β֪
ȷʵᣬҲʲôָ֡兩ǿʲô裬ǿԼ۽硢飬Լжϡ
һͨܡﵽߴҪж掠ߡ۳ģԼ̶ȸѴ֮
Ҫʲô߳ļ裬ӲתӰ졣
Ϊﵽʥ侳۷ĴڣҪ̫ײˡ
Ȼ廹ǸԪŽ׵ͨߣȴʵʵڵʥ۷塣
ԺǳսȫҲֻʸˡ

ݹȥһ񣬱תͷɽµķԺһ˺Ϊһ
Ժ֮ȴǼٵת
þû˰
а
Դ廹ǵһԪŽ׵壬ǰּս
ɽХӹңӹľҲӹݴԣһվɽһ
ؼţֻԶԺмҵĴ
֪˶á
ţ
һ䣬¡һֳ֧ƿնһɲǣ·ն˺ˣҵĴϣһһ
˵һ߿һɲǣضȻʧɫ
ˣ
Զ·ħһ㣬˺ѷεĺУһ޴ĳɫ籩ӵ𣬶ɫĻ֮һӰ漣ĳְУԼȥһõ梁ֻϵ֮䡣
¡
ض˲ݴ߾ǿߵţ޴籩˶ɳȥ
ˣ
һɲǣɽϣпһĻȫĿɿڴ
ӣ
ŤͷԾĿһԵ壬ͺʶһⳡ侳ǿ֮սֲϡ
ĸԪʵ̫ˡ
Ȼܹ֪߾ʲôʱ𣬻ʲôλãһֱָ˼顣
ôöֱ֪¡
⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣȮӣһĴоȻǿֵز𣿡
ɽϣһٶԳ͢Լ¶ЩģǷιؼĳ棬ɢȺ߾֯ĵֿҲȻûȫȥ
ǿһĻ˻˵ˡ
ҵ꣬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
𾪵ʵ北
ոշһĻֻԼ֪׷ʲôֹУոմʱһֱɿҵʱΪֹ߾˶û뿪档
һ̣ͺǰԤϵһ߾ڿնԼײԼĹ
У֮ʲôûֻǽѡ
ֲ¶ӣӡ̫ˣȫܳȥȣ
ʯ䣬掠Ժӹͷ
Ǽˣֻм˲ܻء嵽ڣֱһ̣ͬ
ͳҲЩףΪмˡ츳ʵƽ
ˣ
ԺﶸȻһ߾ĴУһĻ˵ЩǣǼ߾춼סˣ󱩷һŭС
߾ȻһĹȻٵ£֡طǣɵĸ߾˹
˸˵ļһ
һ΢΢Щ⣬ܿЦ
͸ˡ
掠һû߾죬һĽȴǾԵġ߾ǿ߱ԹѵڣԵֵһ͸ӲǶˡ
Ҫǣһ֮֮Эϡ
ǿԵֵ֧ôõԭڣ
Щ߾߱˴̫֮Ϥ̫Ĭˡ֮£һȻǿ߲٣ǸΪսԶûĬ
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ŽҽУԺսڽˣʵ߳ͺĸ߾صĵȥ
ΧһƬǽ塣
ϲɱ߾Ʒ佫ı֧㣬3
ϲɱ߾Ʒ佫㣬ı֧㣬1
ϲɱ߾Ʒ佫Σı֧㣬1

˵ĵ£Ժ
ף㡢Σ
һġڸ߾ܹǰá󡱵佫󲿷ֶеλ
Щ˲ǰʲôﵽּһɸΪ󡱣硰㡱Ρڸ߾ĵλ
е찡
üͷ˼ܿ죬ⲻǸû֮󣬴߾ʿƵӡɧŴƶǸ߾佫
ʱڣ˿νǰһΪʹ޵ĸ߾佫û뵽Ȼ
û뵽ʼʱ򣬾ȻСһжܿڰɱƻ֮󣬺Сһ𷵻ظ߾ȻΪƶı߻
Ժд˷
ϱӣ˵û֪ǱƵ˶ûСߣǱôãҲѹֺظ߾󣬴ӣڴƶ֮
ϧⱲûˣ
ܿ죬ȥˡ
Ȼ5֮ư
忴Ժж㣬йЦ
ջ񰡣
ⳡսֻǴɱΣȻһȻƽ׵5㡣
жѻã֪ģᡣ5㵽ĿǰΪֹ˵ջ׵ġ
ջˣ
Ҫ֪߾佫侳ǿ߰
ƾʵһɱ˻ôҲմָ͢ɵĽ佫йøǵĹ⡣
£Ǿܵõġ
ⲻֻʵʵ⣬ֵй佫һᵥ֣һ㶼дľ¡
ɱǾô׵ģ
ϧֺֻһΣԺûôˣ
вϧ
֮󣬸߾˹Ȼ⵽شûھʦʲôɱƻˣˣҲͬܵ壬˽ٸʲôıˡ
仰˵ʲôңƽ׵ĺ£ھʦǵһΣҲһˡ
Ҳûջ
ԭǰɱй佫ıˣһԻ㡣
˼
˵Χջˡ٣֮ʯ岢ûлȡϢ
ʵġ
Ȼһ佫Žһ㣬ʷϳΪơ߻Щλķһ㡰Ҳֻ3㣬ʤڻٳɶࡣ
ۻȻǱʿɹ۵ջ


261 Է
ˣ
ͻȻһɱ߾佫5㡣ôԼƻСļƻı˵ڶδģԴ󳼵ɱ¼ҲܻĽһҪࣿ
뵽жʱ˷
֮С⻷ǿȻܿɹ󣬵ǸҪġ
֪ΧСܻöĽɱ佫ĽټյĽɽֵˣ
ϲѡ
յĽж٣Կ϶Ľ϶10㡣
ɽԸ߾˵ʱʼֻǿԼġСǿ֮й⻷Լֹ߾˵ɱжѹûĽ
ջ
𣡡
ţͻȻԺзһ춯صıХ
ǣǣһС
Хأǳߣ޴й˲˵ע⡣
طã
ҲһŤͷ˹ȥطýӴҲһʱˣԼ֪һЩϵ¡
жطʲôںֻںǸ߾С
ѵǼûС𣿡
Щȡ
ܹﵽ侳ǿûһ֮ô˵Χ¶ܼôãȻȫС
˶СС
ôжѵֳ
ţȥһ£
йâһִסԱߵһݣ˫һУ̳һɽ¶ȥ
Ǹ侳ĸûһСһ˲֪ˡ
գ
һ˶ߣ͹⻬սһԾӹԺĶϱڲԫԺǽڡ
ƵĽȷʵѵأһֳַȥ׷ɱЩĶӵĸ߾侫һԺǽʬ塣
ȥʱ򣬿ľôһĻ
ӣЩĲ°ɣ
ϱڲԫɫĮϢǿĽ佫̧ͷж˵ĵһ仰
š
˵ͷ
Щ˶ʿ
佫͸һ˿أ˵䣬ǣ뿪˷Ժ
ϣһ˿ɫܿ죬Щˡһ֮ܿǰսҵĵط߹ȥ
ڷԺ룬黨һŤһĿӶ棬бڡߡשʯĵǡ
ƬĿĴģطþ͹ڵϣ˺һһֱϸܵǹɾͼ֣·һӾʧˡ
Χӥ֡Ҳͷʧǡ
սѾˣ߾ҲϡȴûС
ʮ֮󣬼˸оһӿˡ
ʮ갡ȻôֵܣĪĳ裬գȴȻСӵˡ
еʧ֪
жٸʮ갡ںСⳡսУֵܼվʧˡ

Ĺøֿ̾Ϣһ¶һ˿ͬɫȻûô⼸˽ӴС֪ġ
Ͼ꣬Ҳ֪ġ
С֣ټ⼸˵ķӦҲܲµһЩⷽ棬ʲôҲﲻˡ
ɡ
嵭
š
ļת뿪ˣطüˡ
ǣôͷˣ
߹ȥ΢Ц
˭Ҳû˵ĵģľһͺûĻʱ˭Ҳûڨ
ǲΪСܵ˰ɣ
վǰЦһ㶼ûб˵ζ
ˣ
һ̧ͷ塣
ӣ˼Сûܵرǵע⡣ԼЩ߾ˣ
ڵ֣ҲĻµʲôһɲǣȼһ˿ϣĻ𻨡
٣ҿûô˵ɽҰģǽǾСô𣿡
ҡҡͷֱӷֵĲ²⡣
һ˼ϸ壬ıĸ߾ԺּƲߣܻĸȥƣܻѾ޴ľѪһͨʦǽͬʱĺôƵ󳼿
ôôǳǰλĸ߾̫ˡ
ӣʲô˼
壬иոȼϣһӾȥˡ
ģܲˡ
һЦûн͡С鲻ż֮Ȱս˵
˵ǱҲж˰ɣ
̧ͷȺɽһĺɱ֮ǰͨµķҲڷˡ
ΧЩ߾˵һ޵Ӳġ
һǧ߾עҪڴˡ

벻ʧˣ
ʱǰһ㣬ԺȼܵĴʱԶԶģһɽ͵£ƣ˫ںڵһԷ򣬱һ񣬴һң¶ӵɫ
ڵλþԺԶܹ׼ȷĹ۲쵽Ժͬʱֲڱ͢ĽΧȥ
ҹɫҹɽ챳ԷھʦȱȽǡûʲôϡġ
ӱʮ겻ԭ˵ĻưɣǸ˲˶õģ
ԷԶûͼȥ棬ҲûͼȥıʲôȻϵתѹѹңȻһɲɽȥ
ߵĺݲȣһͨĲͨԷ·ʱѲȻ˸ȦȻݲȵɽ
·ЪϢһ˿ˮȻ·
ʱ仹磬ԷûʹʦǽµķԺˣһ˸ӡ
ʱһжȫ
óȻʹǵ˵ʹع⣬Ǿ̫Σˡ
ɲԷߵŴǽڵĵطߣѾԷˣһڵϡ
ԷϤףмԷеĺкѺ̴ݹڡ
ǼڳźɽﶼüΣӡͦõġ
ԷЦЦúԾܾǼ̵Է
ʱ仹磬ƵĳҪȵӽʱŻ򿪡
ԷҲȺĵȴԽ࣬˵Խȫ
ŷɵͷԷ۾С˯һ
¡¡֪˶ãŴ򿪣Է˶ӣӵվȺһ˳š
˳Ĺ˳ţʱʱ磬ϵ˻ࡣԷڲαװӿ˽Ųʾ䲻Ľý
һԷ͵һƧĲ񷿡
ھʦһصľݵ㣬Ҳİȫݣһߵ˶֪
Էܿһۣû˸٣һͽ˲񷿡յģȻûʲôȴܸɾ
ԷѸٵķ¸ɲժ¶ңȻ򿪲񷿽һ˵ӡ
·£һ׸ɾ˿£ֻһգۼ䣬Էͱһʲ˿ˡ
ڻ
ֱʱԷ˿


262 Сһ
һоգǰƵĽȻڳķԺĲãվһУ
£ܻ
һǧ߾ʿĵĲ£Է򲢲ʲô
ܱսҪá
һôƹ߾ԣĿɾͲֹˡСʧ̶ȵĲЩԸ߾սɣͬʱɱЩƵ󳼣ǵʵ
ʵԵ΢
ҲǾüƻʧˣЩϧѡ
ɽڣûա϶ˣֻҪڣδǻḶ۵ġ
ĬƬ̣Էӵ·ȡһʼǣڴǰ¶˼ɫ
һϰߣκжҪʶ˼еĵʧܽᾭѵ
һڴƣܽ߾˵ֵزҷԴƵİɱƽһƬ꣬ȴûκεԭ
εʧ̫ˣ⣿
Էڴϣɫء
ԴʮǰļƻʹûʧܹһΰܵôңһҪж
һı۹һǧʿʱĸ£еķǵˡ
Ҳûгκһ©Ҳûгκε쳣⡣
ԷԺ˷⣬ûа취һεж
벻׵ĻԶֹʮݵ㣬˺ܴѪŽġ
ʮ궼ûгֹκ⡣
Щ¥ķͬƵע⣬ЩһӶ鷸ƣᱻץסѱ
жˣȫԿˡ˵ݣУ
һײԣûбʶƹ
ͻȻ֮䣬ϤʶơԷôҲ벻ס
ͺڤڤи֣ʶмƲߣΣصĸоĲ
ԷһԺеǰǰȫһ顣
ĸҵС𣿡
Է۾һУɫͻȻñޱȡ
һȥɵľֻǸС塱СˡȻ񲻸ܹڼıԼ
ǸСڴȫڵġ
СˣʱӦȽжġ
Է꣬бͬŨŨɱ
һл١ȵźһأٴӵ۹ٹʿҳ׵նݳ
Էȭͷ͵ĴӴվ
ȻжʧܣûһͿءǸأϣЩе˶Ǹ֣ڴƼ˽⡣
ֻҪЩ硱ڣܶʱڴӹ֣ؽʮءҲηسڵҪԭ
ȰźЩݵĲ£ͻ뿪նʱһܷͷȵͷһͻؽЩʧȥĶӴľݵ㡣
ˡ
ԷһժͷϵĶңڴϡڣЩкԷҲʶˡ
ЩˣǾͼӲˡ
ŲԷһ˿˵ݴȥ
ȳ䷿䣬Ҳûܹϳˡ
ˣ
ոߵſڣ֪оʲôԷı󶯣ݲȣ̩ɽͻȻɫ䡣
ôܣ
ԷԾ۾ɫ԰˲١飬룬ԷϷ䣬˻˷䡣
㣬ȫҰΧˡ
һ洫űһյܼ
ԷһĶʱȥ
룬Էȥϵ˿£ٶ۵ãŻӵ£þ·ǺãȻֻԷĴ磬Ӵȡҡ
ڷ˼Ƭ̣Էƿţ˳ȥʱɲͷڷſڣԷͷһѸ±˱ϣȻݲȵȥ
Ȼ³ͻȻ֮ǰڳԺĴƽȻˣԷԼαװžԵš
ķ棬ԷΪԼûκεЩǾԲʶƵġ
վס
Ȼոߵ⣬ͷʹһȡ
ӣֻһģһҪȥͲ񡣹ֺοΪأ
Էͷ̾Ϣһ͸ƣһæµһ죬ͨĲͨԷ
ӣȷ𣿡
طҲԷĻعͷһԵꡣ
ڲһ˲Ǳˣ塢طá֡ӥۣĹø֣ʮ
Ժսһ˵˾ֱ˵ҪץʲôС
˱ΪҪһһҵս˭Ҳû뵽Ȼһ䲻۵Ĳ񷿡
ûȷ𣿡
ĹøҲһĻɡһͨĲ񷿣Ͱƾɣĵطʦﻹкܶࡣ
ҲЩǲǸˡ
˼ң㡣ûпʲôɵˡϴѵģ
ϣüͷ
λү˵Цˣһģ֪ôࡣ
ԷҡͷЦ
ӣû𣿡
Ҳڵеɻˡ
Ǹոջ˳ģѵҪץģԷҲδ̫˰ɣ
ϣȻû˵¶ȴҲͬɻ

˵ĻЦ
λǰ˵ҪҵСȻҵСˣҰΧ
ǣˣ
һ˲䣬ʮϢǿޱȵĽ˵׷׽䲻Ĳ񷿰Χ
һĻԷжʱ
СҲǸ߾ңȻ뵽һԷó
ְϣ΢΢ǰ㣬ŲڵԷһȤζ
ԺսѾջǲС
СݵԷΪأȻĻصҲһֱ˳ǲŴֱ˹
ϱ޽η꣬ƽһƬҵĸ߾ڿǰ̻ңΪȵԷ˵ϲУ̲סЦ
ڳ֮ڣôĸڣɲܡ
СˡѸԷװ΢άФ̿ңɲ˵ô񡣻һԡһ˲˼ɣ
һϷʵ
Ҳ֪˵ʲô
Էͷҡ˹ģгȥȴû˿¶
⵽ô£
һͷԺӹԷôҲ⣬ЩƵĽ˹
ӣȻҺҵСһѩǰܡȷС𣿡
طŤͷһ֣ء
˵ϵɫҲоóڷǳĸԼ˵
ȻطòΪԼҪץġСûе쭣ʵѾǲˡ
ϧʮĳоȻ治ʶ
忴طõɫа̾ϢһطöСӦǿ̹ģ֪˵ط۹̫վǰʶӦ˵С̫ǿˣֹıòʶıˣʲôʲôطϳҶϲ
嶼֪˵ˡҪȻ˻ΪڲƴڻŪǣǵøоҪһûˡ
ӥǵûǵüǰ㶢ŵǸԷ𣿡
Ťͷ
ǵãͲǸ𣿡
ӥЩ죺
ǲǲǸĸû⡣Ժֻһÿ춺ʱ롣
˷׷׿ɻĿ⣬ӥһЦͷæѼǰ½һ¡
⻹ǰ£ʱӥһЩ񵽷ԺΧȫ졣һͿͷ
ʱ˶һ顣оͰͷ
ʱӥʱȷϹˣû⣬һԺ͸ɲԷ
ÿζʱ䶼̺̣ܶܶҲܹɣṳ̂Ժ档
ʱ֮ʲôҲû˵ֻһֻҹݺǸԷ
ӥʮ˴ӥѵ˸ָࡣΪľǱⱻ˷֡ĸ߾˶ĴӥϤѼԶܱ
ӥѵ
ԷӥԼˡ
û뵽ҵľȻԷ


263 С
ӥ̫ˡ
Цӥ̫˰ӥһֻҹݺѵΪ˺
һǧ߾Զɽķĸµʱ䣬һԺô飬ķôѪ;ΪСĻֲ𣿼ȻڷԺ棬ôҿԿ϶ԾڸҾÿԿԺж̣
͸¶һǿšѾǲ²ˣȫƶǰԷǸ߾ǸײβС
ˣ
Էжʱȥû뵽ҵС˼Ȼϸ塣أ¶֪
û뵽Ȼܴ֪ⷽ
ңССĽԺĺжҪɸ߾ˡΪɱô飬ǻһ֪׵ԷӴ𣿡
Ц
ܱһ衱һԷԺ͸ɲȻÿζûнԺһСʲôʲôģ˳͢ǰ
ȥԺΧҲֻÿԺɲԷˡ
ˣ
˱˵ǽŽɣǴ˿һ˵ǰԷٿԽɡ
ûһǧ߾䣬ȫ侳ĸ֣ô飬Сܲܲˣ֮
ԺǶѱˣͲ档ô˵ģֻһֿܣСڸһֱڼж
ССĽԸȫóġ
СôСĽˣΪʲôôģһÿԼͲ
һԽԽɣĹøҲ¶˻ɵɫ
㵽ʲôˣ
طһְĵϣȫǰСһء
λүֻǸģҸ֪˵ʲô
Էæˣ֣һźµӡ
λӣЦֻһͨˣ֪˵ʲôС
Էһĺµӣ˶ʱԥˡѵŪˡĽŲ鸡ȷʵǸͨ˰
СǸ벻ʱ򣬶˵ֵز㻹ˣҶǴˣװҲѽ˫Ьӻ˵ɡ
ϣӸ£һĳЦ
һ仰˷еĿʱ׷䵽ԷĽϡ岻˵ãһ˵˶ʱע⵽ԷϮֲڡƾɵĻӵ£ȻԼ¶һСƵİ׵˿Ьӡ
ԷȻҲע⵽˽ϵЬϣһ죬仯ѡһСģϸڶ˵λ
Խ֮󣬳˻һ˿˵·ЬҲһˡֻû뵽ȥʱΪʱ̫̣ȻûüϵЬӻȥ
һ쿿άԷһ˫Ƶ˿ЬӣԷ㾡ôҲû뵽ԼȻһ˫Ьϡ
Ҳ֪صȥˡ
Ȼװ磬϶ֹһͷȥˣһѣ϶·ңԲһԷġ
Цһʤȯգ
С㻹𣿡
쵰ԭ㣡
ط˫һ죬ӦҲ֪ǰԷˡ䣬һɰɽ纣ϱ
ͬʱģһɻصǺɫݻ࣬һ֣һɨһеԷײȥ
䣡
һ춯صľ죬طȥĿ죬ø죬һɰľɻȥ
Ǵݿĺɫֻһͱݻ١ľ磬ϯķɳ죬ս˻ϣ˻ֵȥ
䣡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬طñɵͬʱһ֧ƵĳŻĺ˲Ժ֮ͥУ֮Էȥ
ں󷽵Ҳͬʱˣ
掠ļѾԽ֣ļ磬ÿγּ˿ܡ
֧ǹӴһɱÿζԷڵϡ侳ǿߣҲסһ
ˣ
һֻǯƣס֧ļˣɱһεУһ
ˣ
㾲һĻطöͣԭ׼ȥ֡ӥͶҲͣס˽Ų
800⣬סеĳû䣬˫Ψһ¶¶ޱصɫ
һȻʵ֮ߣ
еĳһкð
طúʵǿˡһطõʱһĺɫ޼᲻ݣ˼ӡ
оûʲô޷ݻٵġ
北λָɵ׳ֱˢֵ֪侳ǿߣǰһУһͶڵϣĲˡ
λֱ֮
λڱ󶨣аȫУ
λμĸ֣־ȻסԷ򡱣ͽڿץסͳļ
ֱǰδ
߶սæȥһоǿҵΣաһָоԼԶԶ͹λǵĸ߾ˣ
ٺٺ٣
ԷվԭأǸ˼΢бĶ·ĹЦ
벻ȻΪһ˫ЬӱƳݡˣСˡ㻵ôĺ£ٵɱ㣬û뵽Ȼôż
ৣ
ͷĶȻһ˦ڵϣͬʱһŵϡ
Է̧ͷãڸոյĽбƻߡ
һ̣һӥһİ׳˵У˫˵ĸоСģֽթ
Ũü̺һŨҵɷÿ˿ˣоһŨŨΣա
ֻǵ׺ݣѹڡ
ֻкĽթܲǵʲôΣգʼӵڲ֮ء
ûмСǿ˫۾ǶŨü֪һС
˵׺ݡΣգκεݿ͡ɱֶʡԺе߾죬ǰҲ̰һͷ
ӣСģ
㼸̸оǿҵΣգڵϣϡ̫ˣΪҲ̫̫ˡ
СҪɱ㣡
ۺ죬ǰףطáӥǡ˫һ죬ﻹһ㻳ɡ
𣡡
û˿ԥ飬һɹǿϢϱһڴ󵶣ֳֵطʵӥҲһ˫ȭΧ˹ȥ
ĸ°ܽС󣡡
Է򣬻ߡСһģһϵɲʱըķѣںâĸ߾ʿС
䣡
һɰĵͬ쫷һ㱬ֻһطá֡ӥȫɿȥ
̫ǿˣ
ʱСȫâ¶ﻹһԷӡطá֡ӥĸˣӥΪͻ侳֮⣬ͳͳ侳һصΪ
˼ȻСĶ֡
ֹˣС߾ʿâ¶һͼΣյĸо
Сӣҵĺ£ʹȿʼɣ
Сط֮һΣȻûǣֱȥ
棬ɱҲɱˡ
ֻʮӣĸоСûа취ĵȥнļƻ
С̫ˣ
СһָоˣСӳɳΪ۹вʱĳˣ
ɱСӣɱййޣʱ򣬲Ƕ㵽Ǵǽӵ⣬ȫü
˰ĹҲһܹӵóȥ
ɣ
С䣬ǵأֱϵȥ


264 С
СȻطĸȥԸʵС壬һĻ˵طã嶼һ
ӣСģ
һ৵ĳݿͶ̽
ȻâһһӰ৵ĵǰٶȱȹ㻹ҪĶࡣ
ߣ
ʯ䣬ȴĹøֲΣգǰ¡һɰֺݺݵײɳȥ
СֲĵҲһǶֵ֡ĳҲûЧ
¡
ڹһһ˰һ䱬
ٺ٣˭ҲȲ㣡
СЦ֮ͬݣµɲǣСһһ֧ĺɫںХţڿлͬһΣϵȥ
ХֻɫڹնŤ·ȼ
ã
ȫһǿҵΣˮӿͷƤ飬ͷҪˡ
СɱľļֱǿҵԸӵĵزо۸ʲôĴۣҪɱԼɡ
ݣ
ʯ룬һģ͵ĵͬʱ֮䣬ɱ¾ָ
ϱӻ۵һ̷˹ؼãԪŽߵʵǸܻСڵģָȴСķڡ
ͣ
ѿǷ׵ıԵһξ룬һɫǳۡ
գ
ģν֮壬ǧָΣöɫڵķжһֱˣ߸һ㣬ļȫ¡
еĽҪСˣ
巢һصһ˲䣬৵ķ˸һս
ЩΧĲ񷿵ʱս档ʱ򣬳ľݡ
ݣ
һսԶ۶ȥ
񷿸ʵ֮й⻷Сûã仰˵ڵʵСɡ
侳ǿҪɱһԪߣǸ׼һ̫ײˡ
ôܣ
ıӰСһ¡ٶȸ沈٣ּ壬˵Ƕˡ
岻ˣһָΡ£ܡ
һϣҪˣ
һɲǣ˷ʮһӵϣ׷װΧǿʵȻɾ壬սϣʤܵľǸʵ
϶ҧ飬սˡ
¡
ֻһ˲䣬طá֡ӥǡĹøȫ˹Զ֣ͬһ֧֧֮ķ
Ļս˲Ϣ䣬ȻֹС׷廹ǾԿԵġ
¡
ڿգʮɸߣֻһʿѪػ׷ɳȥ¡һգۼһƬʿҽɳȥ
طá֡ӥǡĹøԼڶĽ֣ƴϰȫ֧穣ԵֻֿǿΧ
ǿе龰СƺʱܳΧɱȥ
̫ǿˣ
пһĻɫѿѡ
ͬСҪȷԺ߾ǿˣÿε𣬱ѪƮײоľѡ
СУͺ˹һһͬ˶ɵһ㡣
̶ֲʱ䣬طá֡ӥǣĹøȫˡϵؼףһĵۣĿġ
Ҵ߾佫ͬСҪƻˣĵѹ˲ϵıλá
ƶ֮䣬Сر˵赲ڶʿĹ
Ȼų׳ۣսңĽСΧ룬ʵϣܹСȿ
ֹˣڶĽʿûзӳСط֡ӥ˵Ĺ
ΧСİΧȦ᧿Σʱѡ
Щϻ󷨣Ӳ
һ۾Ϳ֢ڣаżⷽҲûа취
΢һ˼⣬廹Ǻܿע⣺
нһ飬˲빥ͳͳ˳ȥֹСܣ⣬źԮ
ˣ
Сɫһ䣬ǼҵĻս֮УȻ͵̧ͷ͸ֽ꣬Զ塣
У͸¶Ũҵɱ
ʮ꣬ʵ΢ΧʸûУȻǸΣвС
ܵϣ˳ΧΡовģ֡źԮ
ǴƾʦصأȻɫɣΧûжˡһźţֻת˲֮䣬Ǵĸַӿ
ʵٸߣҲһҪ޵
仰ǿ㡣
ɱ㣬ûⳡսˣ
СۣĿɱ¿񽵣Զһ׿⣬ҲоǿҵΣв
죡
һ쳹ķʱΨһ侲ͬʱҲֻĹø֡
˵ʲôּǰٷְٵţհ졣
ˣ
һ£˰Сӳ⣬ȫ¡ণͬʱһʿѸٵĴͳһöͲ״̻ȼ֮һŨҵỊ̇۵Ĺȣҡҷ͵ĳա
磬ɫɣ޴۵Ĺâھʦ֮˼Ĺע
Ѳ˾ſڵĽѲߵʿй֮͢ȫ߿۵̻źš
գ
һεĲɢܣգ֮䣬һӶӵĺڼֱźŷĵط

źգСʱڵĸһ֮ܽ°ӳΧвҲСɱ˶⡣
䣡䣡䣡
ƴŰطá֡ӥǼС뷢͵ϯķ籩Ȼǿд˵İΧ֮д˳
ãˣ
˴ʧɫ
䣡
ͬ䣬СڵǿʮŰΧȦгֵķ϶Ȼڵʯǿг˵İΧȦ
ಣ
һ˲ʮɫڣ裬ˣСֱͬȥ
һɲǣˣСеɱ֮ʢֱʵʣΧնŤ
첻ôɱСӣ
¡
ʮɵľת˲δѾ壬ںХ
ã
岦תͷͷ񱼡
ܲ˵ģ
Сٶȱȱ죬һ˫֮У¶ϷʵĹâͬèһ㡣
岻ôͻܻٵɱСӾȻǾ͹ֲˡ
ܴƳ͢˶ٹٱҲǵ֧Ԯж졣ɱСӺ󣬴ݵѡ
ǻҪӿ̫İ취ˡ
䣡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬СҪ׷ʱ򣬺¡Աߵ֮УͻȻһӰƱڶһͷײСĵ֮С
¡飬ɱ˲ʧСǰͻȻһ£ĮȻɫŰ壬ɲߡ
һֻСɫĮȻôһƾɲһӵ


265 ɲϹܼң
һɲǣΧһƬš
˿ǵͻȻֵӰһĿɿڴ¶𺳵ɫ
СжǿĿõģطáӥǡ֣ĹøֶĶ֣ĽҲ˰ΧȦ
Ǵ׳ɱɱ侳һһСȴͽץס
ˣȻ׾ٵ黤
ϡϹܼң
ֿųǵɽһӰ¶𺳵ɫͻȻ֣ˣǱˣȻߵϹܼҡ
ôܣ
ǵһ֪ǸϹܼҾȻּĸ֡
СһһҪҵĸ߾𣿡
ϣϹܼȴûǰĿɿڴˣתͷ
ϷƵСйҽУȴʲôҲˣ̧
󷽣ϣͿĿɿڴ
еһ㶼٣Ҳǵһ֪ϹܼҵʵȻߵôס
ǰӴ弸оĴڡ
һθоϹܼҵɲ⡣
ɵ˾Ȼ
Ȼ𾪣ȴ⡣ΪϹܼҾ
ж֮ǰȥݷùõŵؼʱ̻ɳְ
ֻû뵽еĸ־ȻϹܼҡ
ǺǣϹܼңǴˡˡ
΢ЦѸٻָƽ

С⻰﷢ٵʹҪȻһϹܼһգһֻСһĲӡ
飡
ϹܼһͰСʬصڵϣطǰ
СһѾɱˡ飬Լ
ϹܼһƵᣬ˵仰֣Ȼתȥ·һ΢顣
лǰ
幧ĵͷĿȥŴϷ
һͬʱ֡طá֡ӥеĽȫΧ
ˣ
ˣ
˼飬üһˣ

һȺΧСʬ壬鸴Ӳѡһƻթȴ͡ߺǵԸ
ڹȥʮڴƵľʦֱҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬̽űɱƻΪڣȴ־壬ڵϣһ
ԽԹС׺ݵˣԽᵽҪɱ߾жôĲס
顭ڽ
忴ŵϵʬ壬һ
ɱСֹΪ˻ЩδеİɱƻҲΪ˴Ƶϡ
޵ĵؽ磬һ˰ﵱԺŪꡣ
ϲɱСɹ߽߾۹İɱ20㣡
ڴѾõԺϤ¶һ˿Цݡ
һ̣鷢ˡ
ϲɱ߾һǧٰʮһ
ϲɱ߾һǧٰʮ
ϲɱ߾һǧٰʮ

ϲɱ߾һǧٰʮˣ
ϲɱ߾һǧٰʮţ
ϲɱ߾һǧپʮ

ƺƣһε˷۶ӿڡ̶ʱڣоԼġ֮С⻷ٴһأĸ߾ĿҲ˲ʮ
ףɱһСȻ൱ʮ߾䣡
дΪ⡣
û佫ԷɹɱСһ˶֮й⻷ĻɱȻ˲ʮ
⻹һηֻɱ佫ܹתɵͽ׵ɱ
øͽˡ

š
פԭأ¶һ˿ЦݡѾףƾСʬ壬ΧĹܲˡ
һĹֻͣҪ书ȥھ֮ϵġͳ족ָտɴ
ԶѾ¡¡㣬ûжڳǷѲ˾˸֮ǰ뿪

䣡
ʮǰȻ󲨣ɱ˴ڶԱСʬھеʱʦһƬ䶯
͢ѸĲ棬ȷɣ
⵽ɱҡŷ˶ˡһЩűɱĹԱʧʹޡ
Ϊ飬һջʦĸмһٵŰݷøл
ŹһҲھǣġ
ʼ벻ġ
ΪСķʥʶڹ֮͢нӼ˲μΧ˵֣Լڱְ̲طá֡ӥͶǵˡ
ھʦĺԼ֮УҲ˲ٵ𺳡
Сºš߾֮Ȼڴƾʦò˼ûС˵ȴк˶ж׹
رһϵ¼ǽӰƵ۷塣
ڴƵĵ۶˾μһСصԱС˵һ塣
ʦ֮ѵ˰һʱ䡣
Щ׺Եĸ߾һðࡣ


ңԶĴƶԽǧɽˮڰԶ߾۹趼УһӰһϡ
壬壬Ҽסˣһ죬Ḷ۵ģ
Ӱҧгݣ˫Ŀ֮бݹǵĳޡ

ʱ󣬲β֮С֮ǳƽȴ
ԲˣԵˡһ棬˶ˡ㸸һ½ϼĹĺΣӪԵ㡣
ҵĿ֮УÿӼһ麣ηŵһĴȰ
Сòڣסھ棬ֹΣʱ䶼Լĸסĸ׵ĻոĿӲɶһ¡
½ϣ
忴Űｽ磬ĺΣһľĸײ˽⣬β˽⡣
׺Ķ˵Ǽĺֶ˼ھ͸оɲͨĺΣصһƷ񺣲Ρ
ֺγ˿ڸкã˵٣壬˸оԽᡣϲֶա
Ҳ֮ң嶼ȸ׬ϰƽˣտʼ廹ΪĸǮȥģȫǡ
׿ûʲô½Ѱλϣ
д˷ĸ׶ھв˽⣬廹ܲ˽𣿶ΪˣʶЩˣЩ嶼һ
бûµĽο׻ûȥϣµĽΡ
½½ʲô½³ɣ
ζͻȻһƬ͸
³Ҫͥҿǰ١һΣϾʦ˻ûϵȺΡ
λҲλ˰
֪⺣˭͵ģͻȻЦǸ¾Բյİɡ
岻һ֪³͵ģ巴Խİá
ôˣ

ûʲôǺǡ
ܿعͷá
ʱ㣬³ҲӦÿ쵽˰ɡ
а
Ͼ뾩ʦɲһԶҿ϶³λضҹԲᰴȥ㡣
ѡǹؼʱλүҪסŹ֡
ɣҲüˣ
Ժͷܿ͵ͷ
һٷԵ˷ˬ죡


266 ׷ߣ
ӿûжֱԼ鷿ȥ
ĵط
ţ
Ԥϣ鷿ѾĵӰšû忪ڣͨͨһӰݽɽǰȥ
ǰʲô
һæһߡִɲܡ
ӣлһݣ
ĲǱˣطá֡ӥͶǣͨۿȻҪͷһݡ
λǰɾɱˣ
ܣͬʱҲԽ⡣ǵطá֡ӥǲӦøո빬ʥ
ʱӦǻϲϲģôͻȻܵˡ
ӣԲܣǱҪݣʮˣʮˣǹӣⱲӶ֪ܲϴˢϵĳ裡
طôżˣͨۿ˿˼£վ
ܵи飬ҲΪ֮ݡ
طû֡ӥЩ˶Ǵĺӡ飬Ѿȥʮʱ䣬ЩҲ
ΪԼΪƣҲΪԩЩͬšЩ˶ֵ𾴵ˡ
λǰˡСһжѾȥˡ廹Ҫϲλǰػر̲
˸˵
ѾõϢι͢ʥ֮󣬱̲Ѿ»ȥˡ
Ļطáӥ֡ǣ࿴һۣһЦ
˵ҲΪġ
̲룬Ѿܾˣ
طõ

΢һľȣΪʲô
ԭǳ̲Ϊ²űسȥ˽⣬Ӧϣص̲ĲŶԡ
طǾȻܾʵǳԤϡ
ǺǣոձᵽʱȷʵҹҹĶϴ̳裬»ص̲ʮˣٶͷҲˡ
ǰǻǶʮˣڿǶʮˡ
˷ǰͬǶˣѵҪһȺ𣿡
ӥ˵Ҳġܹ浱ͬһѩ裬ǵԸѾˡңܱ̲λѾˡðȻȥҪرְλһЩ˾ͻܵʲô˼أ
ǺǣôѾϰˡͻȻûȥǲϰߡȥˣȥˣ

һȺ˰֣˵Լ뷨
忴ˣЩӣĿȴǳѰļᶨȻѾ˼˺ܾãᶨĲټᶨˡ
ΣλǰľʾءԺ󣬲֪λǰʲô㣿
˲ȥ̲һЩ뷨ҲûаգܲܳɻÿǵԸ
ǺǣҲǽ˵ġӲϣԺܹڹߣ
˵仰ӥһ˵ţһǰһ
ҲһǹӣֵǵĳⱲӶ֪ܱܲ빫ҡ
Ҳǰһ֣ص
ӲֻһֱۣҲ빫Ұɡ
΢Цǰ
λǰĻôܻأǸ˶
ֱϲ⡣
żӱ̲ĻܸܲԼֻԼҲûаգôڣ᲻ܾ
û뵽˾ȻҪԼ
˵书жǿۼİȱһֱ۵֣ǹǿĲ˼顣
˵ǻвֱӾ侳ĸ֡
߳˼Ļûʲô֡ǼЩϲ̨棬һ㵱ڼߣ˵Щǿĸˣ
⼸ܸԼǼֱ绢
һֱ̣ϲԽ
ĸ棬ھֻʣطûûб̬ˡ
ӣˡʱûа취һ㡣ΪһҪ飬ұҪȥҰǼ飬ĻҲԸΪһЧȮ֮͡
طóĬƬ̺͸¶һŨŨ˸У
ֻǣ飬ԼҲ֪Ҫáһ꣬ʮ꣬Ǹʱ䡣
Ŷ
ЩȣܿЦ
ǺǣǰܷȥɡʲôҪĻܿڡ
ÿ˶ЩܣȻ֪ʲôҪطûôʱ䣬Ҳµøоó뻹Ǻ͵йء
Ǻǣǵˡ
طð˰֣ҲЦˣ
Щֵܣ鷳չһ¡ǾŹ֮Ļ£ֵڹߣҪ̲ܷӳáǶǣһȲ˵ս𣬻ϣӶչ˰

ط˵ȤҲ̲סЦ
ǰģұı£׬ǮǿԵģ
һȺ˲ɶЦ
ԺҲýǰˣͽǵŰɣǡӥ֣

طúܿ뿪λıӰʧڴſڣҲ겻ѡ
Ȼʱ䲢ǺܳǶλ̲İ׻֮ɣл˺ӡ
ǰߺá
а
ӥ֡ǰ׵ܿæµȻ߾˵Ѿ廹һҪæ
Χ˸߾˵ľݵ㣬ջķᡣʮĸ߾˲Σ˼Լ֮⣬ȫ͵Ӹѡʹá
ЩһδҲδİסЩ˲ΣԼòô࣬ȻȻݼЩӵܡ
ֳհذϹԪеȸִһ顣
鴦ˣſ

ʱ󣬲֪߰ȥ
Ч⣬ɽ֮Уľïʢɽλãɫ֮УһӰڵϣһ
˷ӿ˵ڡ
ǣ
֪˶ãĺһӰɫһƽɫĳϼңƬɳһƬɫ
ȥһĿ̨һ㣬ģԶԶĴɽһ·ӵɽ
ڡݡɫ㣬͵ŵС̨ͤСȡϣԽԽࡣ
ɽλãѾһƬֺꡢ׳ĹȺˣסϢл԰ӣɽеĶһӦȫ
岻ԶһطһȺСŮд裬һը죬ȭ֮䳯һơ
Χһٰ̹ͦأĿϣкȳ⣬ָЩѡӡ
װ
һܳһǿҵԺкͳɾ͸С
ʱ£ķ˴ͲıأΪУڽˡ
ȻڻɽĬĬţǶ˵һѾ̤졣
δıʱ
δܾڸ壬ոˣҲܽһպ󣬻Ҫڸ޸ֻء
忴Żĳ޵ϣ
㣬ȴյ㡣δ廹ҪģʽչأյˣЩƽ͹¶յĿꡣ
صĸ̣Ҳ֮ͬС
ϱӵԼǾһ֮ȴûԼĳ
ⲻ֪ƶ֮ǰˣֺƶ֮֡װ˷Լĳ

һ˼ʱ򣬶ͻȻһϤ


267 Сõܣ
תͷֻһͦε£һϤӰĬĬĿԼ
ʦ
ЦЦ첽ӭȥ
µӰǱˣϵʦаˡü²а˵ʵԱȳʱǿ࣬ɫҲ˺ܶࡣ
ϵϢԽûаηɷϢԽº͡˳ˡ
֪ϸܶ˵һμ¶ǰǰŻۣݺˣֻһͨˡ
ʦϵı仯ܴ󰡣ı˺ܶࡣ
忴һʦипѡʦϵı仯ԣ͸ռӼֱˡ
Ȼ֪һôģʦҲˡ
书ô
а˷²豭ʵ
УԪûᣬɰɫ
ͷ
ѾﵽԪŽףԪ뾫⣬ﵽŽ۷ԪԵɫġ
εġ⻷һɣͣ˵ʵһء
ʱϣÿľ顣
ţԪŽ׵Ž۷壬Ҫ۳ɫԪ뼫ѹСҲҰеԭ򲻴ʱҪ꣬ʵ죬죬ӦþͿͻˡ
аɫ
ǣͽסˡ
幧
ажôжôĿֲԼǺõ޻˵ֹͽܣǰɼһ
˶иģҲ֪а˵Լˡ
磬ԭ
ͻȻһɵЦδ䣬һСӰ˳ĳ˳ͷϣǱ輫ۡ
ʲôĹˣ
ոջһаͻȻ
ৣ
ͷϽһˮոջ˳СͻȻȻֹ͸ηɫܿĹĵģаˣһǲӡ
ôǲ𣿡
ߣʲô˲ģһˣ۸һС
٣˵Щʲôá򵹣뿪
ϼһ

һһ٣۵Сۣͷһ㣬жЦƶƤˡ
Сÿһ͹츳ƫƫԸѣ㣬ɹơ
嵹Ĺһܣϧѹ򲻹
أСˣȣװƢ͵Ϯ͵⼸£ΪɽС뾡˰취
Щаǰͳͳûá
СãɹֲҡԼ棬ܵġ
аЦѡ
磬ȥҵϴ󲮣һͷˣ
СۼɲԷܹԼϸ磬һץӡ
ʲôЦһӦŹ֡
ƤҪЦˡСҪ֪͸ĸ״кĵֻ»ӵץ
СãǲġҺý㶼Ƕ֣Ҳûã㻹ǹԹɡȵʦˣȻҲͿ뿪ˡ
塰ġ
ҶҪˣͷӣ
СһԹȻ֪ԼСѾͷһˡ
ߣͷӣţһһġ
СһָָаˣĹĵġƺЩйˣݺ˦ֱۣԼϸȥҪѰο
Цã밲ο䣬Ȼ
ץסˣ
һ·а˲ɲǣСúĴ۾ͻȻ͸һ˿ɫ
аûȴ
⡭⣬СþȻҲ͵ˣˣ
۾𾪲ѡ
⻹ԼǸаС𣿻˵СѾƵòòʩչԭûС츳
Ȼ𾪵Ļںͷ
飡
СͻȻһһֺͲĵ߸ߵȻбţӸ͵һȭа˺
¡
䣬ĽСֻСȭͷﱬȴŵĿֲ꣬аǿô˲䱻۶ϣʯ廩ȫѡ
УһȦҫ۵ľ޴ɫ⻷ССﱬ
δ˾޴⻷˵ǹ⻷ʵǹȦǵȦ֮Уоһɽ͡ص
޴ɫ⻷£СõϵϢȻµƬȺɽΪһ壬йССȭͷΪһ壬ӱа˺ݺ˹ȥ
䣡
䣬Ӵɽ΢΢췢ɲǣԼСõıֳһƬççɽӰ
⻷⻷СþȻѾͻƵ侳
һɲֱһƬҡ
Ŀã治ţֻʦ˼£ԼСþȻѾƿͻƵ侳ңĹ⻷ǰδǿĲ˼飬ԶԶκ侳⻷
侳ûκһܳ
С仯̥ǣԼҪ
ȣ
ңһߣСȴǽţ㾡ȫа˷˿籩Ĺ
䣡
ŨҵİɫȫСγ֣Ҳ㾡˶аǸһֻֻ֣Ǽ򵥵һָ㶥סСȫĹ
ҡϡ¡ǰ󡭡Ǵĸλа˶˿һʳ̵ָıһ㣬СеĹ
ˣ
Сþù£ͻȻһƢһڣڵϣ͹ĵĸˡ
ߣϼһһһᳬģ
Сץŭһ˵ת˴ȥˡ
ʦС⻷
оɲСúóԵɹһԡ
ϱӣСÿɴûʲô⻷ƾճֵľ޴ɫ⻷ֱδš
ֱԤϡ
һѾϱӱòһˡ
Ҳˣǡɽ⻷һصĹ⻷Դɽʹмȡޱȣ⻷һ֣ȴ߼⻷
а˵
ǰҲòСŮӣĵһ棬ܸоǾ츳
츳˵һǰˣҲѵѰһˡˣҲǿаͽܣˡ
ô£
循ɵ侳⻷д⻷Ҳо⻷Щ⻷ߵʵãǾûôס
СõĹ⻷ȻԴɽмȡֱ˼顣ĳ̶ֳȣѾӽ侳⻷ķˡ
ȻףҲԼܲµꡢ¡աʱ֮Ϊÿ֣ϳư֣ʱԹ
ʹĸףδûв´Ļʱǡȫ֮Ϊ̡֮
ʱ̳ˣصڲͬҪϣ弫ʲôҲһʼɽľܹ
츳ֻҪܹ΢ڷһ㣬δĳɾͱȻ㳬ԽңҲǺܿܵģ
а˵˴겻ѡʱͽܣƽ޺ˡ

Ŀʦаˣ˶סˡһ֪Сı󣬻ԭ
̫ˣ


268 ϣ
츳ĲӦ˷ѵġǽ֮࣬СѾͷķ˵ΪҾصĸ֣
а˵
ǺǣʦİɡôȥͷȥʩΪһĸ׽͵

ѵСõˣɲǸĺˡСҪæ˵ʦаˣǿԯޣˡ
ʦϡ㲻ˡ
š
а˵˵ͷ壬¶һ˿ǵɫ
ҽ̸СҲ֪ǶǴĽ̫ˣұΪ㲻ˣܿ졣û뵽֮з졣žѧȻףȴиȱݡ
֮ԱͽҲ޹ϵмǣС֮ܲܣ㻹ǷŻһɣҪô죬󻼡
Ǻǣʦİɡ֪ô
ЦЦвΪȻ
С컯ǿٶȵ书
ܹıƵĹˣǳƽ٣ϼ縺ʹʲôֺηأ
ʦ̫ˣ
аû˵вΪȻɫֻ̾Ϣһ
СģһеԴͷϣֻ취ܲܽСʹ컯ȱˡ
ϣԳɹɣ
а˿һ۳ϼܲգа
ˣϰֶթ㹥ҷͻȻ֮ƵĳãӴͨ׼ͥаͻȻо˶
ûжթû֪ʲôаˣûηޣֻƽƽ
һʲĵӣһ֪һʮСѾͷʱʱ͵Ϯͬʱÿȳ䣬ڼϰ
覵ʱһ裬ԼƬ֥±ţ⣬ٺȼھơ
ƽİ˶·
аϲֲͬ
յĵӣаҲǷĵϲûʲôĻСѾͷȻʱʱ͵ϮҲɽѡ
壬аܸоõкص£Ҳֻˡ
Լǳ֮ģûһа
һ㣬аܸоõİԼʦ
һ꣬а˵Щġ
Σа˶ӳκ⡣
а˿۴䣬ܿת˴档
ͬʱĿתһȦܿɽԵһ˹ɽȥ
ôˣ
ʵ
عӣչӵ˼2Ѿȫɣ׾ס᷿Щ»ҪķѼµʱ䡣
ɽԣһʮ˺ܾõһ
˽ƽ¡һʮĻǳɿȻ书Ȳ꺣¡Ҳûôʤִǿ
ȥ飬һһۣȫһ˿İʱɡ
2֮⿪ٵһƻ
ҵϱݺᣬΧӵܵЩ˷ѣҲòôӴķΧ
뵽ˡ2ƻˣͻԶԶһ翪š
ļƻУⳡԼѵ׻ΧԺһǷǳҪһ
2᷿ܹɶˣ
һ˵ţһ߳ɽȥһ·ֺ忴УԶԶģǺܿһСظֵ߳ķܣϼյһƬơ
Ӧڻڼе2ˡ
ʮҡ
ƽŰ˼Ƭ̺
Ǿ㹻ˡһȥ2ѵͿʽˡ
Ц
2ѵõĺãԼӰһһܴľ۱衣

һԪ̺˵Ĵ
ĵطκδ¶о޴ɣ
õĺãºͺͿʯһΪԼڶ޴ġɽ
飬Ҫһ֮ܲ
ƽһպļƻƬ̣漴תһĻȥ
ߣһʮϽ̹վڳߣලųеŮ˪ףɫ
ӣ
Ͻ̹æͣ½Ų΢΢ء
ӣ
ͬʱһȺŮҲ壬һɫ˷ܣ׷ͣ
Ŀ񿴵ݵżһ˿Ⱥϲá
š
Ц⣺Ƕɣ
򵥵һ仰˷ܲѣһЩŮ
ȻͲ󣬵ĺܶ飬ȫ͵ġԣ˻ȻͱǴ˶١
ϣ룡
ЦЦ˿ȵĿкϽ̹һȥϽ̹СǰĽ̹ٶƼġ
Ȼϻصģڻߣ֮ǰ֮
еĽ̹ٶΪף뵽һλǳסݵĽ̹ٶǳ
ǰҲӲҰʲôŹļӣǳΪϡ
ϸĹ涨ǱǸܴӦģοӻ־СŹ¸أ˼ص£Ŀõġǹ֮ģа֮ҲŴӦɽġ
һߣһ߿˵ʦȨŷ壬ɽĲӲڡ
ҲʵΪȷʵкøСڶʹ¼ʥʣΪɣҪ
鲻дġ
ɣŹһ֪ҲӦɽҪԭ
л̧֮пأҲΪ۹Чһ֮Ұĵҿӣ˹ءͻʡ߾گʳȣǿ׳֮󣬵Ұ֮ȴ֪֮࣬˾٣ҲϣպԵ۹档

ֻ̹٣ǲ˵ġҲʡϲͬڽ˶ʮ߰Ľ̹٣̳ڲٵĽ̹ٶѧ
ڽӰ졢λء
ңϲμӹ۹ļشսۣͳ͢سн飬Ե۹ĸǳ˽⡣
Сڸ棬һٸǿҪԳҲ
ܵõϵֻҪһٻܵõİɼ
ͣ½£һ˫ܿ͸ģֱٵ壬Ƭڵ˵ͷϡ
ô˵ģҲȷʵôġ
ô룬Ǻ¡Ȯӣ֮ţܿ۹ǱΣĻ£ǵ۹֮ʦ֮УҳԱȨӵܣ࣬Ҵ󷧡ЩµĵҼܶࡣＦгԣԵ֮׶ݵ֮Źȥܹ֮Ļ£͵۹ܿɹ֮ͬѾ˿ɼˡ
ֻҪܱ֮ģδɾͱȻѾ⣬ȥһЩʾѣԼȥϣһ֮
촽䶯˵ȴĻŭš
лϣ
дϲ
ϵʾɣǿɾͲһʮ˸ˣĹʾɣ԰ټƣ˵ѧˡ
ڲԼϽ̹ٲԼûطЩ̹ˡ
һ飬̬ȣڽ̹оͼӰԼ֣
һջ


269 ³룡
յЩѧǿԵġ׼Ϊ۹ЩʲôĻͿһٶѧ»ʲô
ͣ½Ų
ϷģЩѧֻǵһһ½ˣҲֹһˡ

Ŷ
Щ⣬Ļͣ
ԭѾоļƻ뷨ˣǾ͸ˡҶˡ
ϵĽ̸ַܿ˴С
ʱ󣬲֪ȥ
ıԵϥ۹۱ǡǹģԪתһ硢Ѩϣѭݡ
Ԫѭǻվģ
ʼʱûз֣ʵԽԽǿԽԽߣԪյľԽԽ࣬һͻ
ÿԪʱȻԪȻԽԽ㣬ȴ΢ЩƣҪϢһŻָ
ľȽǿȻеƣѾԸܵһ˿˿Ԫսȥˡ
ǰһƬڰʲôҲ屣Źž̬һ
֪˶ãڰͻȻһ˿
ڤڤУоΧʲô
ˣ
һ˿ͷ
ָо岢İʱ䣬徭ָܸܵоΧĺڰкʲôˣȴԲʲôľ̨ͤɽʯˮ֮࡭
ǸӾ΢Ķ
ĳЩۿĶ
ܽȴҲңԶ
һ㱡ĴֽȴԶ޷ͻơ
ǹɣ
а
صǹ򣬶⻷ǹľֻ֡صĹ򣬲ӵ⻷
ͬΪ侳ߣû⻷ȴӵС
е侳ǿ߶ӵ⻷ģҲ˾ӵ⻷
£սˮƽ£ӵ⻷Զû
Ҫӵ⻷ͱ򣬶ڴ֮ǰӴ
ԪŽ׾һеĿʼ
ֻнӴ򣬸֪Ĵڣȥ򣬷ǿ̸ھǴ־硣
ʱһһĹȥ岢ûŬĳǲϣǷԪʱľ
ԣ
ԪŽ״ﵽ۷Ҫ۰ɫ⻷ʱҪľǡɾԪȻȻĽϣȻ͵߷塣
κǿͼʲôΪ򲻴Щ߻ħ
ˣ
ԪվﵽʱҲɲ˵ʱʱ䣬ֻ¡һڰУľ·ͻĳڣڤڤкʲô
һ̣ԭڵ;Ԫ¡һ·ͻʲôͻƳľޣͬˮëѨ֮ӿ
¡𶯣ո£ֻһȦԵ˷˴ﵽµʱͻȻ̮Ȼ仯һȦɫ
ǰɫէһΣһͣ޼᲻ݵĸо
¡
һɶԶĵطһ᾵ĺɫɽɫ¡һըɷ飬ϸķĩһɶߣ֮С
ɹˣ
ըУȻվбһĨҫ۵ľâ
ԪŽ׵Ž۷壬Ԫû̫࣬ȴر
䣬ͻȻһȭԪ𵴣ȭͷбԪĩˣһȦɫ޺Х
¡ˣһȭɽХ
̫ˣ
ܲѣ֮ǰ񾢵ھŽ۷֮ȫ˳ԣڵʵͬԪŽ޷ġ
һУһУ
ѵѧʹ˳һһʽÿһʹһȦɫ߳ʱ򣬶аɫֹ
һߣһʯ
ڿԴκһλİɫ
԰ٲȭ
һȦܿ쿴б෽ʮһҶŨܵĴ¡һŻǰȭŰɫȻȥֻһ죬ҶŨܵĴͬΧľġٲȭը÷顣
쫷棬˲Ƥ
ԪŽô𣿡
һ࿵عŷֺվһȦӰһٶŮվԵͿˡ
ǺԪŽǰٲȭɡ
ܣٲȭҲʶûô
һȺŮͻȻ
忴ȺΪԼ࣬ɿŮ΢΢һЦûǷӦһݣɽԾ£䣬Զȥ
ɽԤƾʮҴﵽŽ۷壬۰ɫ⻷ĿѾﵽҲӦ뿪ˡ
ಣ
ֻһʧ
Сһ
󷽣аһھɽѩ裬Ŵʧɽ£¶һ˿Цݡ
ܿ죬Цݱ

ߣ
ﴫһܲȻһбƽ

ӣ
⣬ͣţӥ֡վ棬ֻӥ衣
ص
ͷʵ
߾˵ʮմ¥
һ˵ţӥһߵݹȥһӡɫĵӣֻɫĴ֡޵ͬѪһ
ǣȻǵ󡣡
ҡҡͷӥӹȻ
ݣ
һߺȣ죬ʻžǶȥһȴõˣڳˡ
û֪ڴƵ۹һ籩
û֪ⳡ籩ζʲôֱܶӰֳ

߾˵ĵ̣һŵţȴԵùâԸ߾ݿ͵ΧˣԼСһ꽫ϴһ顣
ϴȥ˸߾˵İͿǵһ˿˿η־壬мɵ
ʱڸ߾ĵϡ
ֵĸ߾˵̣ڿ࣬Ҳ֮ǰ
߾˾Ȼͼɱ͢󳼣һӸ߾һǧͳľˡ
¶ڸ߾˵˺ܴӰ졣
ܶ߾˵ĵ̶ſȸ
ٶʱǲıˡ
ӣ²̫ðɣǸոս˸߾˵ͳھ߾˵ĵ̣Щ˿º޲
üͷ
۹صİϴ󶼻³뾩ȴڸ߾˵ĵ룬벻ġ
С飬ڸ߾˵ĵ̿˾֪˽£˵˵Ļڸ߾һˡ
ǺǣΣڲ¸߾ˣǸ߾ӦǡڴƵĵؽϣѵǻҪ¼𣿡
尺ͷͦأΪȻ
͸о˷Ӹŷ졢ˡ̽Ŀ⡣⡣
߾͸ˡڣЩ߾˸еӡ
һ·˵ţ˺ܿһڡɫ΢΢Щ죬ȴּ主õĵط
ʮմ¥
Ŷɫϵ֣һϹʮյͼ
³ĵطˡ


270 ۹³
³͵뾩ҲյϢ֪λ۹صİ󶼻ѾϢ˾ʦ
뾩³Ȼ־ڱصãıС
ɡ
кһ̤ʮմ¥Ĳ˹̺ҽһͼǽɫĵΣǽɫĽӡ
߾˵Ĵ¥洦ɼǶıʯ解кľμҾ㣬ͳͳǽǧϵϡľɡ
¥Կɫˮ
߾˵ʮմ¥ݻ˼㡣ȻҲǹס
Ҧ˽¾ӪĹ¥¥ȣС׼ףֵһᡣ
̡󸻺ǸѲġ
³϶ǲǮġֹǰ󶼻ķ»񣬸Ҫǣ֪һλҲƵ
ô꣬³ҲӶگŪ˲ٵǮ
Ҳ⣬³ֺܸɾȻԵúݣǶڴ֣õãòá
ԾˣҰλ󶼻һֻ۱һֻ
ʮ¥¥ݿڣһӰѾڵˣҺɫı۴䣬ϵһɫϡ
ˡ
壬Ĵüͷչ֡
󲮡
΢΢һЦϽӭȥһʱ䲻ɫ󣬿ǰɫҲϡ
ȹμΣ֪ڳ͢Ǵ⣬ȻƷײûȨ͵λȴ˲٣ɫʥʹ
̫¼ͽڶʹ¼ҵΪ岻ǳ͢ˣܴ棬Щ˾Ĵ󲮡
һһͬһپ٣һȻ˲Լ廹ĵĸеˡ
үү£󲮾ڳıɡûа취볯ַֻ͢ʽ󲮡
˺ܾ˰ɡ
˹ȥһС
ǺǣãҲ͸һ
بԭ滺˲٣΢Цţ͸һɳĹذͳ硣
˰ܹϵϱӵԼ˵ǲġҲԺҲġ
ûйĶǣⳤ֮Ǣϵ
³յ˰ɡ
ب˫֣
ţЩ⡣λϴ󶼻Ȼҡ
ڴǰҲյ³룬ȷʵ⡣³˷İϴ󶼻ͷ졢֥溲ثһεĴڣǵ۹еľ
塭С䣬һְٰûСС鳤ٽ׶
رһϣһ¡Ż֡
٣ҲòŷƱ³ν١ңߣһ˭С㡣
بһһ˵ζҵӣһһܳϣҲǱĵӡ
˭Ʋ壬˭Ʋһ壡
ٺ١
ЦЦůůġȻûֱ˵ǻ̻ζ廹Ǹоóġ
ˣ󲮣Сû𣿡
ʵ
³Ȼ׼£һ壬ûŹС尡ϾСȻھʦǲԶ

بֱӵ

忴ԼҴ󲮣һ⡣
һ岻̫ѾˡСͲؽȥˡ
بɫĿⶢ壬⡣
ָ̡
⣬ҲЦݣһɫ̡ȻֻΪֶɣн
Ȼӵľ飬⣬СԼĴ󲮸ȥ
ν˼ʮ꣬󲮸һӶںδ򽻵ⷽ棬ԱԼḻĶࡣ
³дҰģˣ˲ԵҲΪǰͻͶǡ˾ͶκһκһˣԼһ
Ĵ󲮵һεĲܣب̸֮
΢΢һ֪ʷƵģ֪³ȷʵкܴҰģȨӵҲͶκһ
Ǵ󲮡
ǵò֮ǰ󲮻Ϊ³˽⣬Լڣƾżʮ곯úξ飬ȻѾ׼ȷİס³Ը񣬲һ˿
ɴжϳζԴ³ȰС壬ȴԼԼ
һ壬ֻǵô󲮶Լ̣Ű塢飬ҲǵΪһߴжʧʹ򲻸֮ء
һΣӡ̣
ֶס

ţһϯ³㲻ɵҲ̫׽³ǲһģһȲף³סһҪԴ
بĳ
ֶҲ˲ϣ̤̳֮ǰκεĲأر漰³ֵ۹󶼻ǷͬСɡ
󲮼³ˣ
ͻȻʵʡ
š
بЩȣܿͷǵʱѾھ¥ԶԶһˡ
⣬Щ˵̫͸ب˵Ѿˡ
³ţ˲浢̫á˴󲮵⣬֪ôˡ
˼䣬̤Ϸ¥Ȼ¥ȥ
߾˵ĴȻȺϡ٣壬ſȸʮմ¥ȴ
һۿģǶ¥һЩڼ׵ĽִֵĺȾơȭ
ЩӦ³ӰϴĽ١
а
ЩٺͱЩ̫һԵĽһ˵ص㡣³ȻͲܹ¼ҹˣһЩŵùĽٻŵùġ
³ӽϴЩ٣¥ﻹ߾Ůˣ׷׿˹Ŀ޺޵ģȻ˳
ߣ
һʹبһ¥ȥ
ţˣ
ûе¥һЦһ˴¥ϴˡδˣȴ
ˡӦþ³ˣ
а
Ͷ¥ͬ¥Ȼ֣ȴְö࣬һĽ˶ϢӴıδ󺺿ب֣ӵվ
ûм³ǵ¥Ⱥɨһֱۣܷ̾˭İϴ󶼻³
¥࣬ǽһڵܵĵطһĽ˶򼫿׳ӵվ
ô򵥵һ·һɽʹӵ°εضɢһѰơ
ϱӵ壬ûʸҲûлʶЩƵ۹صĴ󶼻ǡ
Ⱳӣ³ļ棬ǵһΡ
³ƺǿ㣬ԽĿǰκһˡҪǣɽһĸӲŨľɫ
κ˿ĵһ۶ףһ佫һͳ˧
ģһ˫۾
һ˫۵۾ҰģҺΣ
³
վ¥ݵڣһδλڵ۹ʷϣܹȥڣδӵžطġ۹


271 翪ʼ
飡
³ıְλܶκһ˵һصλáκαĵƵùλ
ǰαһֻһֻۣڵ³긻ǿǳҰĵʱα飬һ˰ڲĿܡ
ҲΪˣ³ڳ͢ϵŻôãٳò¡ĴبҲ˵³ڱвŴӦġ
³ġĳֻãӲĴһɲƵı
һǳĴǼɵ
ϵĴ󶼻ͻȻ˱飬ǾԲС¡
ԺתЩͷܿͻָƽվڴبԱߡ
³֣õˡ룡
ͬʱĴبҲһֻ֣ӭȥڵλϺλϴ󶼻վͬһεģҲֻبһˡ
ͬǣ³٣بȴĹ١
Ȼͬبڳϵһ㶼ѷ³ġΪǽ֮ңܹ볯͢飬³Ǩⷽ滹Ҫ³
Ҳ³һֱҪ볯õԭ
λһλµɣ
بһ³ȴûĿһתبϢ塣
ˣȷʵ塣ڶʹһ£ҪлԮ֣
Ȼ³עԼҲͲˣӴԱ̤ǰһ󷽵һ
лͲˡ
³˰֣ҰǴ壬ǹ£㵹ö롣۹⡢Ĺ£ʵܿɹģδɾͱȻ
һ̤¥ݿѾע⵽ˡԼΪֻҪ͵Ͳע⣬ǲܡ
ڸ߾˵ʮմ¥ңһλȨصبȻĿ֮һһĿģҪλǰ¼Ū£ֵӡ
ʱóͷʱͷ˵ʱ󷽣ֹ壬񲻱ҲȻǽŵڣҵȡ˵ȥֻ֮ʣһب棬Ʊ˥䡣ڿδذҵĸ»ֻ»Ҫһˣ
³ͷתת˲Ҿһ׼жϡ
ŹϣبڳҲѾͷһδᱲϡ
У³ľˡССܹ빬ʥȴõʥˣݶֱǺľˡ
ǵب³õʥˣû⣬һλǳϾصĴڡ
³кųҵġҲ֪պھǸôȥ

ڴʱͻȻһЦ˵ע⡣תͷȥֻ¥һУһӰʱƿţǡô˳
ŰۣźɫͷֹȺһĳζ
ȣ
Ŀգһ£ϳǵֵӰһȻ͵ˣȴܿһԵİУȵԼʹ󲮳֣³󣬲ŲʧʱĲ˽
ȻӦ³Ľ
³ˣô˵ûɣ
ȹЦ
ǺǣӢ꣬ŵô
³˫֣΢Ц˵
³˵ֲһˣҪеĶ࣬һ־Լֵһһ֪ȵĹϵһ㡣
Լˡˣ룡
һߴЦһ߰˹һ죬ȻԽ޴壬³ˣب
³ȴЦǺǵģһҲ⡣
ô£
بһпü΢а졣Ⱥ³йϵ֪ģ˵ĹϵԼõĹϵҪܵĶࡣ
һԵ壬һҲ⡣
³ȱġ
̫ûλһлδɶ³ڰ֧ȣһ뾩
Ҫ֪ȵֻǸײ죬ֺö䡣ϣҲֻ̫֡
Ҳþܳɹ
£³͸ҴֱʵͶȣ֪
³Ҳû뵽ȸյǣ黹ûѾԴ󷢣ǮһɶԼ
̫λͶұ˵ĹϵȻ
֪һϵǲôȡȣһԼգۣźţаЦѡ
룡
һԵبûôִ࣬һ±ڡ
߾˵ĵҲΪ׬ǮǼݳޡ
λ£´
³ԶֹҲֶ¥¥ϣвˡһ³Ĳ£һЩӦþ³ھеġԼˡ
ϴ󶼻ô꣬³ڳвûһԼߡ
Щ˲֪λͨλӣ
а
³δˣһǼӣʮ㣬ŨҵɱϢһǾеؽ
Щ棬͹ˡһͨһӡ
˵ӵŷͬѰ塣ֻǣ֪֣һû
³Ӧû׽˴Ҳûʮİա
ʵλӦÿԿһ³ֱȣұȴһŰ룬ӿžˣʦˡ
һʱ֮䣬ҲûжϳĸͨĸӡֻǸû
ңϲˣ
棬³ϯ£һӣʼкϲˡϵĴ󶼻ŨŨľ磬һһԵúˬ
һ࣬߾Ȼչֹ֣õźţҲʼæµ̾ǰһ񾩹㣬һ֭̽ʩ࣬һƷ飬һǺõĲƷмһֻƽ࣬Ŀˡ
Ȼڸ߾ûʲôøУҲòϣ߾¥ϻǻ˺ܴ˼
ЩƷɫ㡢ζȫһܹͨ˵ʳ֮¥ĲƷֹһء
˵߾ŷڣգԽʮմ¥³뾩ԾͽʮգλҪ˶顣
³
ˡ
æ
¥ܺ³ƽƽܵһ˵ģҲֻĴبܡ
ҶؿţھʦҶԽſѾãһֱҪͽžһģϧһֱûʲôᡣڣһԸš
³ֿˡ³ԺͥȻǻᡣ
بѵõĹһ䡣
ٳϵ·ˣ³佫һͥ˱飬ǾͲˡ
Ժкܶ򽻵ĵط
Ǿͽżˣ
³仰ʱһã
Ϊ˽仰Ҹһ
һʱｻҲ˾ƱССһڡϴ󶼻ӣ˭Ҳ


272 󲮵ǻۣ
һ¶ǣ˫ĹϵǢ˲١
ǵһμ³ǴبȴһȻٴ򽻵ȴͬˣ˴ȴжţԶԷ¼ǳ˽⡣
³֪بǽšبҲǳƺ󽫾󶼻ǳƺ³֡
ƽĹϵ
֣
³¾Ʊϵ
ڽǰҲòڱ紵ɹ˼ʮ꣬³Ҳϣܹطʦصأǳеسϳ⽫ѡΣ³ǳϣܹȥϣָܹһ³Ȼм
һ仰¥ʱһƬеĿȫ䵽Ĵبϡ˵ϲżɽֱ⣬³ȻҰģȻҲˡ
ύب߹ȻĿ֮һ³ģģǱ顣
³ˡ
ب룬һ˼ɫ³ⷭʻһ㶼⡣Ȼᣬبϵ³дһʣ
³ֶϣΪºպչͣҪȫ㹻ġҵľ飬³ͥϣֻĳɡ
ĳɣ
³Ŀ⶯һ£ʧĳɵϣȻҪͥȻǲġ
ɲ³ҪĻ³Ҳ֪بǳسǲƭġ
Ҳب̬ȼصԭ
ֻĳ𣿻ָң֮ȥ³պк񱨣
³
³˼ĻҪа
Թۣа
³ּĴڣһԾŶֳŵպǱеġֻ˽˵ͿˣҲԿ³ļȡ
ǵȴ̫ˣ֪ԼĻᡣоó³ĳЩ棬ѾΪ顱ȥˡ
һŻ᲻֮һĻ³ڽϣڿǾˡ
а
³ǵ۹ϵ֮ʯδ£൱һҲΪ³λѪǿӲĴ󶼻뿪˽ϣͥ
û³ǿӲѹϿ飬گ˹ǿУӰ֪
³ĵͥԼǸ˹ءگȴǸǳĻᡣ
³ھǼǿͳ˧ǶȨҰȴԸ㡣ǼҲ޷˵ʲô
ߴߣˮʹ֮顣³¶뿪ϣҲΪֻ̾Ϣһ
³뾩Ǿ͵Щ
بź룬ϲȴ͸εǻۣ
³ֿ֪ν
Ҧң
³̽ŵȴΪȻѾҹͨҦһ֧ͥ
ب˵ҦңǾԲŵġ
ǡǡҲ뾩û˷ԣٳٰ첻
Ǻǣǡôǡ
بЦЦϵľյһڣ
Ƿ졢֥溲Լе󶼻ث
һ³ͬЩĲ¹Ȼסˡ嶼Щ⡣
͢ϵ飬ֻţûоȥ˽⡣³ȷʵϵеá
ӦǳĸԸ³뾩
بĻȴһ͡
ȻʼЩ⣬΢һ˼⣬ܿ˹
³һ룬ͬǴƵĴ󶼻󽫾ʣǷ졢֥溲ث˺պչ͡³ֿͥǷһԣ
ب룬͢鲻ǷǺڼףûô嵥³بС
һ飬³ûнӴһ⺺
³뾩һ飬ԵԾʦеŷȨƣͬԾеǿ󷴶
Ǹң
³ɫһӱѿޱȡҲʣûָʳʲô
ʱĹϵҪˡ
ֻԾʦķԣ³Űϴ󶼻Ĵ߶һһҪӡ
³ҲаȰǡ
ûнӴõĺôǴﳯκһκһûйڡ
Ծ飬԰󶼻󶼻󶷾ͳ˧溲ּͥ¾ˡ
ͣЩ˿һ㶼
بҦЩǰԼս˵һ˵ڷǰ³ûʲô˵
ңΪϳսµĹϵĳЩ棬³ҪѷɫһЩ
ˣѵûʲô취𣿡
ȼסˡȻب˵ֻһ֪ʮа˾ţˡ
ھʦҲһʱˣύ˲ٴ󳼣лմմϲΪԴƵľʦͳϤˡ
ʱŷ֣ϵһ֪
졢֥ڴƶӪ꣬϶ǵĹϵ⼸λ³ֵò̫ġϾ⼸λȱݣܺ³־Ƴ٣ûк˵ı顣ֹǴƣûС
³Ҫĵĵģǰ󶼻ث
ب
ˣ
˻ûзӦ³ıʿģȴɫһ΢΢ɫ
ث³һǺˣҲǵ۹Ĵ󶼻Ҷһ֧飬ͬʱѹԸ߾۹ɡԼͻʺ³һģһӵİҡ³ҪͥһλҪģ
ب
һȴ˼һνӴֱǣĴ£ǣ˾ĸ档
˵³Ǩ˳ӵһ档
һߣ֪첻ϣĬĬԹۣ⵱Լõĳνѧ
ثӦ־ڴ˰ɣ
³ɫء
󶼻ث֣һɽͶµӰϡھ磬̩ɽһһϣ˴˻
³֪ثʵҪĶࡣ³սҪڰϡ
ثͬ˹صͻʣٵ߾һλսῪʼѾ¶˳ʡ
ҺͬثһлͥΪġһλȻᲢñȴǱϴ󶼻Ҫöࡣ
졢֥ϽҲɵޱȡ
ثҪ飬ǽǰδеľС³Ψһİһǣثһֱ־࣬һȴĿߵöࡣ
ث־಻١³ûУ˱飬ǻΣ
һ˲䣬¥һƬž
³ıʿüҲѾب˼ˡ
³ͥôòֹǳϵ⣬б߽³һ磬ǻû⡣
һ˱飬Ǿζţث֥죬溲ЩͳͳܵĽơ
ԣЩ־ڱ飬ҲԲ³Ϊεı顣
ϣЩȫһ¡
³üͷ֪Ѿš˴Ρ


273 ؼͨ
ϵѾͷöټԾڲķԣϾҪ
ֿ֪ʲôƲߣ
³
ǺǣȻףҪɹҲȫϣһһ࣬ĳڱ¡³ܹ˵£ô¾ʮþȡڴ֮ǰ³ֻǾҪݼ졢֥ثĻ¿»
ֻҪѶʱ³ȻҲͿԸˡ
ب΢΢Ц³Ҳָֻ㵽ˡʣµľͿԼˡϾǨ
ԼĲ˾͸Ӱﲻæˡ
ˣлָ㡣
³۾һüͷչЦʲôģΨʥĳɡ
ʥĳɣĳɣǾǰ˳ɵϣѾдĻʿԳɹˡ
뵽³һԱߵȣ˻໻˸ɫѲ⣬Ҫ˵ʥѵġ
³ﷴ׵ġ
ڵʥʣ̫ǶʢΪ̫ΪСֻҪ̫ʥĳȫû⡣
³Ҫʦһ鰲ŵôˣǨ飬ӵҲС¡ǰ³ֹȻԷſȥɣǺȴҲǧܳⰡ
ب
ףͷ͵ȨױԣȴַǳҪ顣
ֻҪ󷽳ʲô⣬³ͱ뵱ˡ˭˵鶼ûá̫棬ҲһС
С£󷽳⣬ֻҪ³ûϱλãǾΡ
ΰϴ󶼻ѡѾˣͨվ˴к
³ͻȻߵһ׳ĺ˵
󣬴ˣ
㵽Լ֣׳ĺæλվЩæңּľۻᣬȻǵһβμӡ
ˣͨˣ
ˣ
·һžʯ͵Ťͷ˹ȥ
ԭͨ
忴ŶǵӰɲ
θ磬³һͨһӡ
屾Ϊͨڣû뵽ǸһֱͷȾƣɫЩľګִٵĺˣȻδİϴ󶼻ͨ
ϸŶλδĴ󶼻ŵ佫Ũҵľ񣬵ɫľګȱͨеִ֮硣
³Լѡļ𣿡
аҡͷ
ƵĴ󽫾󶼻ǣÿһǳ֮Щÿһܶһ棬һ
ͨϣ忴һ㡣
ͨ˵ĸо˵ȲϷ졢溲֥ث֮࣬Ҧ֮¶ĺԶ
٣Ҧű󣬳ıԤ㷽ҪǰλĶࡣ
ͨ򣬲ˣҶϰ߽ͨıڰϣͨҲǸҺܶϽͨȻǱȲثЩ󶼻س֮
ݹȫҲ׻ˡ뿪֮ͨҵλãǴ´ࡣ
ʮ궼ûս£ҪĲǽرͨ˹ؽǶ䣬ͨȫ£´ࡣ
³ͨһֵ⡣µʮټͨسɵϽ뿪ˣҲʧ
Լ뿪ġ¡ԼεĴ󶼻ѡ³Ǻġ
ҪĲǽȡ֮س֮ڽȡˣԽ࣬׳ֵԽࡣ
ҸڽȡˣҲḻҰģƫһ磬Ӳ׿ơ
һسܹ֮ġҵҳϵִλʱµĲԣŸӲ׳ӡ
һԹۣеԽˡ
³ĵ۹ͳ˧ϴ󶼻ھӵ׿ѡ̳ͨߣǾѡģһʱĳ嶯
ǡǡĵġ
³ֻͨس֮µġҵ´ࡣ¾Ҳ뵽һ죬ͨҪ뿪ԼָƵĵ̣ȥһس֮һȡ֮
һֻڷصȴҪȥԼóĽĽ֪
ڽؿȻ³־ҿʤΰ϶λãӦⲻ󡣡
بͷӦţû⡣
Ծ²ȤҲó򡣶ͨȻҲû̫⡣
ǰεĴ󶼻ڼζоټȨģڵĴƾ̫ٱþ;ټ˸溲Ҳټ˸֥жĪˡ
³ȻҲӵȨ
λӣСھʦǷͷССͣѾʥˣһܱĿ²ࡣ£Ѿûвʶλӵ˰ɣǺǣԺҪʤΰϴ󶼻λλãҪλӶ׽
Ԥϣ³بֽԱߵ
ˣڻѵӪѧϰϻһְٰôޡ
æ
³ͨһδ飬һδİϴ󶼻˶Ǿس
ϻûһְٰ˼һ
ӣˡ
棬ͨȴûô࣬³Ļתһ̬ΪأŪ岻˼ˡ
ڴ˿ˡ
æվһ
ͨλӿǾʦԹٳ죬ǵһνӴЩԺʲô£Ҫλӡ
³һָָ
֣³һ㶼û˵ӿ˵ˣ׽׽ûд
Ҳһ帽͡
ǰݰֵܣȻϵͱ³ﻹ֪ġ
³ԼݰֵôأҲԼйء˵ҲԼһͰ
ӣԺҪָ̡
ͨһ壬
ͨǴˣǵһν뾩ʦҲһνӴеĸ߹Թ󣬴Ҫˡ
ȻԸľګԴǣͨǴ
λǵ͵ĽŵڣԹ֮󣬵ݳѾˣδ;ڻ¡
ολеš
֪ͨ󶼻⽫뾩Ǹ͵Ĺ
Լֵܣαؿ
ȹЦ
Ⱦƣ
ɱ
һｻڡ
³ˣ϶ڷ飬˹ڴʱ£֪õΣ϶ֵܵס
ͻȻһгɲǼ䣬㾲¥һƬž
Ǹʶʱ˵ʱȡبͨ˶סˡ
ӣ
³Ŷ壬üͷ΢΢Ҳû뵽Ȼ塣
ڸʲô³ǰϵĶѵûпǵѵҪ˵𣿡
ب
⻰൱ðܵ˵ġС˵ǲ³󶼻
˵³
³뾩ǳ־־ڱصõʱ⻰Ƿ˼Ҽɻ䣬˼һ
ĿƣһգգĶ³֪󲮸Լ˵ͷˡ
ȴû˿˼
ҪȰ³Ѿˣ¶˾Ҫ˭ֹ˭ĵˡͨδ϶λҲǰ϶
³˼ǲѡδĴ󶼻ѡӲ˸ġпܶ
ֻ취ԼķԼķʽȥıˡַʽܻðһЩˣһЩ˾òʹ졣
ȴɣ
Ѿ͵Լǰ³ͨȣнϵ
岻ʲôԼԶ޷İ


274 Ѷ
Ǻǣ޷
³˰֣ͻȻЦֹب
ԭӶԾҲȤҲǣ֮ܣôܲȤһЩԺкô
³һĴ󶼻ּͻΡ
ǺǺǣǰǰҽӴӼΣȷʵԾºܸȤѵ³ˣҾ֪϶Źģ
ȷӦҲ죬æԱߴԲ
³һ˵һͣϯٴαû϶ЩԭЩĽ˵ͷǽ͡
ϣǾеĽ죬ǾеĽ죬Ծ¸ȤҲġ
³Ϊ۹Ĵ󶼻һֽҲǺġ
ǺǣӾþӾʦ˽Ҳ˹صشԭҪ½ϣ·;ңԶվס˹شδ½ز죬Ҳ½ʵ죬ĸʲôջ񡣡
˹ɫҺ죬˽Ȼͬʲô̽һ۾ܿó뽣ϵ˹ˣһܵϸļӡ˲ŵ½ǳͳͳϽ롣ң˹صعϡϢܲ㡣˵䲻Ļǽ뾩ʦ£֪֪֪֪˹ˡɾδ֪
³һָҡҡһЦ⡣
壡
һЦΪϵľӢ죬˵䲻ĻǱκ˶˹˽⡣
û˵üͷ΢ɲĸˣеҲԽˡ
ȻǾǼϣڵ˵ʧ󡣰϶ҾӪʮ꣬Ӫ̣ıݡеĹƶȶȫҲҲοﻹҿľӪʮ򾫱˹кξ壿
³˵һĿһɲİΪϴ󶼻۹Ķͳ˧ûмֱλõġ
Ͻʮս£ĿɲǵӿĲʵǿ³Ҳߣ
ʮ򾫱ǵ۹϶ıϣ
벻³Ҳˣ
³Ļһ˵ĸо³Ǹϸͳ˧Ǻʡ
ͳ˧ĽϾһֱƽͣʮĺƽżȻ³Ľ
ƶȣӴľս³ʲôӹ
Ϊͳ˧ǾԺϸġ
³Ҳ뵽δǳϣĵ۹٣ǡǡǴѹİ϶ʼġ
ʮȫ
³ѹİ϶Ϊ۹ʷϵһΪ޴ĲҰܶܵóĶ
ǻڰ֡˳ϲۣ³ֵ۹ͳ˧϶ִ˵Ӱͨˡұ³ڽϣ³ҲһĲɱˣ
мͻȻ˵˸С
³˵ⷭʱǴһԺġܸоóԼڰϵĲȷʵš
ǡǡˣԽеĪ˸С
ϵǳһǸ硭һֱΪǸżȻǿ׸ı䡣ʱ֪
³ͨ˭λһ綼޷ġ
̫ƽվãְֹǽ볯ãͬҲ͸˾֮С
û˹غگǻô
ͻȻڵ
һ䣬ոջһЦ⣬Ժ³ͻȻɫ˸¥һƬţš
Щϵ壬Ѿŭ⡣
˵ĻǸЦǶڰϵ˵ĽʿǵļСһĵط
Цһ㶼Ц
ӿЩ˰ɣ
³ԣıʿģʿͻȻŰ
Ǻǣӵ㵽ֹͿԡԲˣԲˣһǳԲˣ
æԱߴԲ
ҲƣԼݵƽǷȳȺ֪ΪʲôμһƵģЩеģеûĵĶ
³һʦĽңôȥⳡϯ¶ûȥˣҲɢ
گոɨƽگ޷緢־۷֮ʱ˵Ƶگگ˹ѵչѾһֻµʮ
űͼıΪôϵش˹غگļз֮У߶ǻ֮ûУϻô
嶢Ŷ
λµİϴ󶼻ǰҲû˿һϵʮ򾫱գðŴŭ³ΣգЩҲǱҪ˵Ҫġ
ڵİ϶ϵ£³󶼻ͨʿȫûһΣʶ
ʱ򣬱һˣһȥǡĻĵȵ罵٣Ǿͳˡ
ң¥ĴȡҲΪȣᡣ
ǸᣬΪ˰ͽ³󶼻ҲΪ£ϵôһᣬһڰǰ˵ϼ仰Ļᡣ
˶³ļɺҲνˡ

بֶһ˿ǵɫ֮ǰȷʵ˵岻Ҫߵ̫ͽ鷳
ڣȴߵ³Ķȥˡ
ب³Ľŵڣеġ³ʲô΢ǣҲκεһ塣
بĵ塣ܸоóڵ״̬Ǻܲԡ
Сӣں˵˵ʲôأ
ô˵𣿡
ҪΪǾŹɲҪ̫ˣ

ϯϣ϶佫̲סˣѿޱȡ뾩ĺˣⱾϲ¡
ҵĹȴȫʶʱ
˵ʲôʱ˹ؽҲˣ˵ʲô˹غگ϶ɾ̫ˡ
Ҳǰ϶̫ƽ
ˣǾǳϵس⵽ʲô˼𣿡
̫Сúһй˶بϡ
֪ϸģΪب⡣
סڣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬³ɫһ䣬𼸸ָͻȻֹΪϴ󶼻һ˵ȶûС
Һ෴³ûһ˼ɫ
ǸСӣ³һʼΪСڹȡ֡Ļ³һ㶼
Ϊ˵ȫʵ
̽յ鱨˹ص۹ߴຣģѵ
گĸ޷ȷʵԽԽԴ񡢲֮ġһ㣬˭ĸоԡ
گǴƵķǰʱ򣬸޷ΪηڣܶҲʹˡ
ȫΥ
յϢǣ޷ոհگλԴ׽ةһЩ½ȥ˼گ׳ɺսɡ
ڰ϶˵ʲôϢ
گ˹ص۹˲֮ģһѾȻˡֻ³һŽҲŰ齻ȥ
ֻû뵽һʮ꣬Ȼ˳
ϢͨȻﵽֵز𣿡
ʯ䣬³Ƴ˶һۣԺӹͷƬ֮³ĿֶԱߵبϡ
³ǺţոյĻǳһ⡣³Ըب⡣
بĳĬҲԽʵеĲ²⡣
بǳеسϳ빬ʥȨⷭԼֶӵĿ˵޵ķʸѵʥʵ˼
³а
ȴ֪ǲ´ˣһȫԼ⡣Լҵֶبμֱﵽ˷ָĵز
ֹҲһˡ
Ծ֪ܲΪʲôҪôһĳЩ飬ب󲮣;Բȥֹ
Ϊ֪ӾԲȥûĿ顣
һ㣬Ѿεı֤


275 أ
³ΪĻǳب⣬ԽҴġ
幫ӻѧ֮ҳַɢԵ뷨Ǻ¡ǲҪˣ
³˻ֹ֣һȺ£ȻŤͷ壬ȻһЦһǣ
گ˹ص۹ǵһų֣ǳ幫֪˵ûг𣿡
گ˹һڶһԭͬҲ֣ͬɫͬмƣһѼ⵶ǷָʼգҾûл˵ϡ
Ķɣֶֻûа취ͬο۹ôӴľӣ˭ָ˭˭Ϊ˭ΪΡ幫ûϹս֪еҲпԭ
³ʳָûӣˣΪϴ󶼻˹غگϤˣ
˹غگϽ˫ԳıٲڶʮܼʮĴ˫ͳ˧ʲôʱγͳһ幫ӣ㻹ᣬЩ̫ˡʮıֲǼټǧô׵
ңϣʮ񣬱ǳأѵǵĽֻҪһʱ䣬ȵ͢һ˫ϣٶıҲҪҷ𡣡
Ĳ˵뽣ģ¤Ĵ󶷾Ǵ󽫾һֽľӣȻͳ˧˸溲Ǵ󶷾ȫǺˡԸ˹ص󶷾Ӵľ顣
һ˵󶷾ض⣬ҲԴҴƴûг˵սǶϷ޷ҰģʢһЩҲҪǿһƣҲҪǿǴŭĺǲһگܹܵ˵ģ
˵³ĺһŭگ˹زͬگǴƵķ
ҵӰ죬ռûռĹҡ
گҷУҪǿǺˡ
ˣگܲܺ˹岻֪گ֮ģɳʹȥϵ˹صߴȴѾʵ
Σһ仰³ͨͳͳɫ
幫ӣʲô˼޶Ϸ˵گȥϵ˹ؽˣ𣿡
³һء
ΪֻҪֽ̣֮Ǻġ仰ɾ̵ֽķΧˣѾھµķ롣
گ˹ˣɲС¡ҪĹϽΧ֮ǰǡ
⣬ڳȫҪܵǣ
ǰ½ʶһλĹ幫ӡگĸ߲㣬˵޷Ѿɳһλĸ󳼣Ϊʹߣʹ˹ر˵ͼλӶǴкøУĲǴƷսټʢԲŻƵ˵
֮ѹ֪ʧԣڶʹҴҷضˡǶûСǰϴ󶼻һ˵ð֮⣡

һϯ˵ϯ֮նȻ֮ó¥֮е㿴ңҿ㣬¶صɫ
ȣɫһϣʶء
幫ӣˡҶˣ˵λȨʲô
³
ճ£
õԼעаһǸˡ
گͬСɣϵʮƾϼʮǳأ
Ϊ˾ЩϵΪδЩ׼ֻʹЩСֶˡ
£
³ͷ˼گȨ߲㣬Ϥˣϸ죬޷ȷʵиյĸ߹١ңǰ޷ʹơ
ѵŹ˵ģ޷ı֮ģҪ˹ضԸƣ
޷ҰĲǾԲġҪģֻԼҰġⶼҲ˵گԲǴƵĶ֡ԣҪɹֻϵ˹ء
گߵԶд˹ضگʲôҪǸ׳Ƴ޷ҲһӦϾЩϵġ˹ҪЩʲôҲ޷ԽƣȥҪگ֮ƣԷگ档٣޷Գ׵İѴƵĿơ
Լ˵ǲãȴȥ
˹˵ʹ֮ĳͻ࣬ʹ֮Ҳδơگ֮˼ʲôҲòֻҪܹѹƣǶԼġ˵ĵˣѣگˣֻҪܹȷگ˵ĳʵԣ˹ؾмĿܣӦگ
³ǰݻԳζ꣬еһ¶˾ȵɫԱߵͨҲоһϲζ¶֣صɫ
ﻹһ˸Ϊں˵˵һΣ˶ܵϷǷķ
ҵ꣬Ȼᣬ˹غگĹϵȴһѪڴ֮ǰ˶궼޻̸֮䣬ǿ趼˵ġ
Ǵʱ˿̣˼˲ò˼˵Ǽеġ
گ˹ȻûкûкĿܡ˵گԽ˹ذѴƵĿƣΪһ
˹زԽگƣһϴ֮ǰΰڴĳ衣ΪģΪˣ˹ҲкܴĽ˳⡣
ҪǣһֱΪ˹ص۹׵Ķ£Ϊ˹ظû漰ϣû뵽˹½
ڽϣһ֪
һƬһ֪Ͻս˹ص۹һۿۡ˹ض½Ϥگȴ½Ϥ
ÿһӶ뽣ϵ˲֪١󳼣ҲǶνϡ
گЩ·ΪӦ˹صһҲʧˡ
³Ҳòϣ˵ĻǲܣǼпܡһʱ䣬вɵó
۹̧ͷӹΣ꣬³еĸоͻȻ֮ȫͬ
ʦ֮ǰ³˵ڶʹ¼µ֮ģ֪˶پ󽫡
˵һ£һ¡
ڶʹ¼ȻҲְ壬ʱĸܣ˳ţ»Һ֮Ҳȷʵ档
ȴȫһ
أǶگ˹أ³ָƣϤ
˾ȻأݺأȴƫƫܱƧһѪʹ³һθоԼСˡ
ʮմ¥磬ȫΪʱ򣬸ԭ򣬻ΪǾŹӣبֶӡ
ΪǱԺյݣ
ǻ֮䣬³ͻȻоԼȫˡǰ꣬ȥϵҫ۵ĽұȥبֶݣϵĲܣȻҫۡ
ܹô˵ע⣬ԲżȻ
֪ϵ£˶̬ȶ΢ı仯΢ޱȣء
ƾոһϯ⣬ƾܹһѪָگƺ˹֮Ĺϵֵκȥ֣ضԴ


276 Ѫ磡
ͨӵĻ𣿡
³˼ŤͷһߵͨڶǸ꣬³Ѿһ㶼Сˡ
ǣˡ
ͨվ
ȥ֮󣬽ı߹ϲһ¡گˣҪϸӣرǲŵǰ˹صġеĹ̲飬ûйģϽ롣ҽ֮ǰϵĴ󶼻幫˵һҪӡگ˹֮κεĽ˻ᡣ
³
סһ¾һֻ罣ϵĲϰѱ߹ء
ͨ
ţǱ߲ʧߵһ˽⣬ͷؽϰɡ
³ŵ
һѾļˡǴķΧܷˮйͨ޷ʲôҰģҪ˹ؽˣҲûа취
³ţگҪ˹ؽˣҲûô򵥡
˵鲻ǲܣñȻᷢңҲǳصġ
е֮գҲûԿ
忴³ͨ˵ֹ³ΪֹΪϻʮгǳؿƾƫƫֲܸδǴƵʮڳǳеȴگ˹صĽ
ǡǡ෴һԭ£϶ʮ뿪ԼϤأ⵽ȫû
Щȫû˵ڡ
ֹ֮ʯƣ岻ǰй¶ЩҾ˵Ҳš
Ҳûа취˵ܲ˵ԼһΣ֪δᷢʲô
ʱ˵³ǣֻǴبԼɷӡ
־׵ۣκţ
ʱֻʵ䷵
ֻˡ
̾Ϣһ֪ѾԼļ¡սžЩ¸룬ٽǲк޷
ģֻ취ˡ
幫Ӣۣ۹⡢ֻͬ⣬δɾͱȻ
³ͨ΢ЦſŶ
ǺǣˡҲֻ˵˵̸ֽϣ˲Ҫ֡
æ
˵˵ļʶǾ͸Ӳˡ幫ӾͲǫˡȾƣף幫һ
³Ʊ
ף幫ӣ
ף幫ӣ

Ҳ׷׸͡
Ʊһ³ɿƳһ۶壬ȴ˼
ҵֱޣھֻ֮֮ʣڸȱͨĺӣȴһһҲˣȼʶʵǾˡ
ƾ⼸ӣԺҿҲ˲żüáȰͨԺ⺢Ӷ׽׽ңҲҪӶ߽ˡ
³д˷
ⳡۻᣬǶʱĽӴ³жĿ˷츲صĸı䡣
˵ļʶ۹⣬ľ츳ټĳδĳɾͱȻ
³ѾٰһСӣǿһԺبԼƽƽĴڡ
ȻĵλԶȲԼѾֵԼͶˡ
̸Ц䣬ĲҲˡһòĸ߾ŮӶһ̷βᣬżŮһͲ
Ƿβýִ࣬潽һŨ֭ʮֲŨɵĳ֭β磬žθڴ󿪡
ߣ
ͻȻһߣòĸĸ߾Ůӷӣ׼ջصʱͻȻ֮䣬һֻǯεĿסŮӵ
͡ˣʲô
һĻͻŮӾУò˵ţŵýͰͣʧɫͬһʱ䣬ŮҲסˡ
¥֮ͻȻһƬž˷Ŀ׷׿˹׷ֻŮơ
ΧҲȾƣ׷˹ȥ
һɲǱùŹֲѡ
͡ˣﲻṩַ룬ſ֡
òŮһͲ˵ŮӽŵĽͰ͵
⻰аЦϵľƱһڡðϴ󶼻˵Ǽɫ֮ˣ˵ȥ϶Ц
Ȼ֪³ΪʲôסŮӣҲµó϶ǳ⡣
³Ȼصѡʮմ¥ҲֵһԿϷ
ʲô
³Ůӣ˪¥Ҳտ񽵣Ҥһ㡣
βᣡ
ŮЩɻ
ߣһڿ
³ϵĿӣһڷβᣬòŮ˹

һڷβᣬոջͰͣһַòŮӣͻȻ֮ޱȽţͺǵݹһʲôˮһ
֣
òŮһոջŵɫ԰׵ŮͻȻɫɭø߾һ৵һӵеĲ̣һϵĶ̽³˹ȥ

һ֭ˮһ˹ոջŮɫ䣬ͻȻ֮仯˵ޣ˴ɱȥ
֣ɱǣ
ΪС𣡡
ɱЩˣһ
Ϊ˵۹ҫ

һ̴١ҵĸ߾ݹǵɱ˷飬ܣһĴű𿪣һݿ˺ȥϵαװͬɱ
ӿŨҵɱһҫŹ⻷ǵأ¥󡣶൱һ֣Ȼɱġ
Ȼ˰
жžƱ˷Ĺȴû˿⡣
ʮմ¥Ǹ߾磬ģͬʱҲǵλߵĵط֮ǰΧжھʦĸ߾ѾûвʶԼ˰ɣ
Щ˿Լ׳֣ܰסŹ֡͵ڲų֣Ѿ൱ˡ
ֻϧŪ˵طŪ˶֣
ȻһЦеľƱһ
¡
Ʊһͬʱ¡âһһɽɫʥࡢƵ˲Ϣ֮ϯ
ɲǼ䣬⻷ʱ·𶨸һ㣬е˳֮⣬ȫڿж񲻶Žǰһɲǵơ

һ΢ɲߣһ̣¡һͲ˵ŮӰгݿͣеȫըɷ飬ѪꡢȴûһƬڵĵط

Ƶɳʯ˲佫еѪ꣬ͬкһ˳ȥ¥˴ȥ
ĸ¥ڣ˵ϵĵѪɸɾʮ߾ĶݿȴѴ˼Ӱ١
һɲǼ䣬ʮմ¥һƬšе֡ţȫʧʣµֻ
µĶ¥ЩҵĴҲһ˲ʧˡ
Ķ棬³ûһ¡֪û֪³Ǹոһɱʼٸߡ
ʥ侳ǿ̫ǿˣ
ﵽǸ磬ûһĻţɫ糣ĺһơ
Щ߾Զ֪Եʲôǿߡ
ɲͨǿߣ۹Ĵ󶼻
ǰȲǧлҪȫ
Щ߾ˡ̿ˣ
֪ΪʲôҪѡʮմ¥𣿡
³ԼһƣȻ̧ͷϣ͸¶һɺɭģɫ
ֱʱ³˿ͳһϣɱֵģ̵һ档
Ϊ۹ͳ˧ϴ󶼻ûмѪֶΣλá
֪³⸱ף仰˵Լģ˵ʮվ¥ЩҴߡ
˵۹ĶûͥϱУǾͱ̤ѪȥⳡǱ˧ԼĽӷϴˣвѪµģ
˵䣬³ϵľƱһȻһվƱصĿϡ


277 ͼı
³͸¶ŨŨɱʱ򣬼塢بҲ¶֣صɫ
³ԼݣͲǾ̸ЦǸˣǵ۹ѹϵǸ󶼻۹ļͳ˧֮һ
ſŨѪζ³˵Ļλ۹󶼻Ϊʲôڽĵһգѡˡ
ʦЩɱΧˣС³ĶĿ³Ҳһ֪Լ֣Ȼ߾˵ɱ
ǹôġ
ʮմ¥磬ɾǽʮͷյλϴ󶼻·񣬿Ҫ濴ȥļҡԵĶ࣡
Ѫ׼һͨͥĵ·
߾˾õĿꡣ
ȴûκ顣սѪĽ˧ôûһѪ
ĸ˧˫ֲѪȾ͵ġ
徴һ
ţͻȻԼһȻ˾Ʊ
ã
³漴Ц¶һĨ͵ɫ֮ôûһѪԡ
ոյĳ棬ΪСӻе㾪㤣˲ûθڣû뵽һȻɫ糣һ㶼ûоŵ˼򶨵һ㶼͵ı֡
幫ӹȻǽŻӣⱭƣҺˣ
³ʹ죬Ʊһ
ֶ֣ӣǡеʶʱգǰ;
³ب
بҲ΢΢ݡһ岻Ǵĳңүʱʹ̣ҲǼѪġ
־¥ɱبüͷһ¡ݵģ³ⷭ
ʮܵõϣ۹³⴫ȥԺķչȻĪĺô
ɺͽڶʹ¼һִԵ۹߲Ǻѵõġ
³Ƿ졢֥ثʵλﵽּ𣬾ϧ
ˣʵλﵽ̶ֳȣ˵ȥÿһ仰رӰ죬رھ򣬸ˡ
νˮգһԼеĳˣĳˣһ޳ɣ־裬ɾޣڵ۹ͳ˧˵ҲɺܴӰ졣
ԣƣĳ۹Ķͳ˧ĳˡòĿҲ֮ڿڣ˵
νԡλԽ߾Խˣ
պ飬³յмĺôؼǨƾ³յⷭѾͻϺܶࡣ
ûʽ飬ܵõھʦ棬ҲǾڽˡ
лˣ
巴ӦҲлһƾȻܻ³һ벻
Ǻǣɲǿ㣬úŬɣ
³ʹ˸ɫһϲ첽˹ӻͳһö꣬β֮С
ৣ
ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬Ǹɫĵط͸ɫ
һĻ¥˵ɫѿޱȡ
ⶫö
尵Ծ綾ֻǱɺɫȴ͸ɫȻǶ˶㣬ԶԶԽһ綾
Щĸ޶ǰˣˣȻġ͡ЩҲˡ
ʧˣҲкɱֶΡ
Ǹ߾˵ĵ̣Ҫټ߾ɱʵ̫ףҪǱҲʵ̫ˡ
Ǵǰ߹ҲֻΪʮմ¥ġ
Щǧ㣬ֻΧЩ˵ݣҲ³
ʥ侳ǿǰ¶ǰŪѰ·
Ŀɨϰ߰ߵѪĿȴû˿࣬ıҪ
Լˣòôġ
˲ͺúõϯҪȻⶰ¥ˣͳͳȻı棬϶ͬΧֵˣҲͳͳɱɣ
³ǵĺ糱ˮӿ쳹¥
һ¥¥¥ݿûЩͳͳ³ֶסˡ
³ҲᣬݿҲãҲգֻ߶˲Ͳ˵Ůʲôݣϯøá
ֵݿͺӣҲøݷݵӣԹճһɫζȫĲ
亹ˢˢʮմ¥һݿͶͷ˾޴ĺ飬Щ˵ʵֱǿĳǵ
ԵǴδġ
Ľɫ¥һƬţ̺Ũҵ
ţ
һɭ¥ȻʲôҲеϢȴŨ˰ٱֹ
ǿµвͷ顣ڸ߾ݿľսģ³в
ΪʲôɱǵֻǣΪʲôҪ޹ˣ
һ˫˫۾³ڵľذ壬͸¶Ĳʡŭ־Ϊ
жʮմ¥ֻٲֵĸ߾˲룬󲿷ֶ޹ġ
ݿͣܶѾʧܱɱ׼ڵѾȫͬˡ
˺޻ɣ¥ǸħĴǿ߻˵ɱ⸽һֵˡ
¡
ǺԼ۵޹ͨˣ޷ܵġ
ֻǶ̶ʱڣĳĴ߶£ʮմ¥ڵһȺ˻Ķ
в˵вˣղ˵ղˣϴӵϴӡʮմ¥ھһܾܵĳ֣ڶݵ֮ͣٴλǰתһоͺʲôҲûзһڡ
ˣҿԼˣ
³ĸо¥ڵĶһЦֽעתϯϡ
ž
ָᵯ̾綾ķβ¥ڷɵ˴ȥ
Թۣڴ¥ڵձ仯ɱˣ㼸仰Ȼʹʮմ¥ڵĸ߾ղ͵ʲôûз
³ֶΣҲѡ
ƶȻûһߣǰһ̫ƽ̫ãûô˵λ󶼻˶Сˡ
а
ս޺պչ³˵ĸоˡţܿ˴еһĿġ
ˣˣ֪ܸܲСһƣ
ͻȻ΢Цŵ
ŶҪҵʲô
³Щ
بҪ󣬶ٻԵЩͻðԺ󣬸˵ĸоȴ֮УȻȻ³ҲֻЩѡ
ǺǣСⱲӻûгʦԺлᣬȥϽһߣ⡣д˵ƣԺͷˡ
뿪Ц
Ŷ
³΢΢һ£ǰһ㣬¶ȤɫûˣǰλǸĺ֡
֪幫ʲô⣿ֻĻòô鷳ͨԺ¶幫ҪĻҪʲô㣬ھͿӦ㡣
³
Ҳһʾˡ뾩Ƶ£ԺܹϱλãҲǹҪҴİ
ⷽ棬̫ȫﲻæġ
󹬲øĸɡ³ҪѣǺǿѡ
룬³ɲֻǴبֶһ١
بû˵üͷȴ΢ɲһ£ƳһԵ塣³˼ù
بĻ塣
⺢ӵʲô֮ǰ¥µʱ˵³ˮ̫룬Ȼ׵Ҳߵ̫⺢ӵʲô
بüͷд˷
³ǰͲú߽ȫԼȥĻᡣبֹǳĬˡ
ȻΪʲôĻţϾһبﻹѡ塣


278 ıʿǰ
ǺǣҲ㲻ʲô⡣ڽһƤ
Ц

³
ʨɽ

Ļ³ͨΪҪڰϵķشһƬزû뵽Ȼ
ӣȷʨɽһǲë֮ءҲȥŶ˵ĲŻżӸƽʱ﷽ԲʮﶼҲһˣ
ͨ
ǰ϶ģڽϵϤˡνʨɽʵֻһĬĬŵСɽ
ֵط˼ӽڰ϶ĿƱԵ˵Ǻ޼ֵ
ͨʵڿýŵڵĹӣôһСɽͷʲô
Ǻǣһλ˵ŵⲻｨһأϢͻҲڲֲŵ⡣

Ǻǣԭˡŵȷʵкܴ󡣹ҪеҲѹ֡
³˵ͷһȻŵʵĲ˹صƥ⣬滹кܴ
ϵĴʮ߰˼ҶֲҵһҪУҲ֡
ͨȥ֮취Ӱһ°ɡ
³˵Ŷһߵͨ
ǣ»ȥ֮
ͨ
һʨɽֵ˼ǮͨҲףǴ󶼻Լǣߡ
ΰϴ󶼻ϣҪҵİ
Ǻǣ幫ӣƸ㡣ԺҪȥϣƻܸܴķ㡣
³ָͨһֽһöɫƵǰ
лˣ
ϲǸջ񣬼ʨɽִ³һ˽ơ
ʮմ¥֮УҪ֣ν
ѾˣΪµľͿ
г˿˶о˺ܶࡣ
ʨɽǴ߽һСɽ
ҪСɽȻ⣬ŵȻȴûʲô
ҶٴҲȲϺͿʯ󣬸ôһ
ҪʦɽΪĵλá
ʨɽһƽｫδ۹ϵսڡɳ̵ͼķΧûκεտء
ʨɽƬΨһƾϡ
ʨɽΪ˽һءҪһǳأһǰδеľ޴ǳأ
һսӵ£ڹؼʱ̣ΪʮƵľʿṩӻϣ
һƱҪķѴĽǮһҲǼʮ򣬶ٰƻƽһ
δҪ٣嶼ں
峤õͻƽ𲢲ûĿģδʨӳǣҲΪΪδǳսΨһˡ
߾˵ϲٶȺܿ죬ǵڲϣֻ֪Ҫ³һ仰⸽˶ͷء
ֻ֮һĹһɫζȫĲͲ˵Ůʱȫǵͷֱۻ
¥ڵ壬ȫӶֻǵͨŮ
Ǻǣ˵幫Ӷ̫ظȤ
Էʱ³ͻȻһ¡
ǡ
ûзϣƳһ۶ȡεЦЦæͷƲһߡ
£岻Ҳ֪϶ȵĹԼֻ
Ǻǣλˣ
³ͻȻָųĩˣһ֣һͷԲˣЩ׳
ˣ
̧ͷ³һãȻȻûո˵ʲô
Ȼ
дΪȡ
ʵΣ̫أкܴĶԡȻҪЩĽƣԶûô
û뵽ǸβһԲ˵Ĵ󺺾ȻӡЦЦܿջĿ⡣
´İɡ
а
Ȼģ֪ʱ䣬ص㡢ϣʲôĺʱ
ʮմ¥ڴһʹبһ뿪
㵽ʲôҲǸ˵³Բܲ͵̫
ʮմ¥بüͷھ¥ôˣ˵ǳ˾¥بҲ̲סˡ
³ǵ۹Ķֲ㼶̫ˡ
ɹˣҵòôʧܣǣ̫Ļаٺһ
ǼΣյġ
Щ˾ΪСͻ벻⣬˵ʵʹҡ
󲮻ǵҸ𣿡
̧ͷ
ֱ
بһ⣬ºйأ
š
˵ͷ󲮻ǵ֮ǰ¾ټҸ׷𣿡
ب˵ͷ
Ȼټ̫ǳˡ⣬ѾѸ׺ʹϸǿ밲϶ܽδҪ벻³İ

ڲǰܵϢ׺ʹѾǰϸȻһЩʱҲһЩ
ǳɹİԼ˵ģѸ׺ʹȥ
ԭˣ
Ȼ˵ģب˵ͷ˼ΪܷĻҲܹܰɡ
بֶܿȥ
ʮմ¥بߺͱȺ¥ֻʣ
ǰô
Χûˣ³ͻȻתͷһ֣صĿıʿ
Сӣ˵Ѱ
ΪǰıʿͻȻһЦϵľƱһ

³һ⡣ب飬û뵽ǰȴ塣
Ǻǣ˵ڶΪһĹؼب𣿡
ǰ¾Ʊ΢ЦһĪ
ѵ𣿡
³
԰ˣ㣬֮ǰҹبɣӦ𣿡
ǰŤͷһߵȡ
⵹ûС
ʵڽϴˣ֪³ߵĵλһ㶼Ҵ⡣
بʲôʱվأǲҹλ幫֮󣿡
ǰź룬Ц
⡭ǣ
¶ɫЩλʦү⻰ʲô˼
ĹؼبǸʮĺӡ
ǰЦЦ˵˼
Ҹոյûпλ幫򶼻ֺýƵʱλبЩԸġȴûֹ˵û˵һ¡֮ǰλǰϿưЩԣȴʲôҲֹЩ˵𣿡
˼ǸӲҵ
³ھȡ
Ǻǣ㲻ǣҲˡ٣λبôġû⣬λ幫ӾδļҪھʦվȽŲԺǶλ幫Ӷ׽׽ɡ
ǰ΢΢Ц
ᣬĻټ١ЩЩϯСûдڸС
ߺ¥ڵȨײʾ³ǰ϶Ķ
ͨλҪߡ
λող𣿴ˣǼõĻᰡ
ǰ΢΢һһЦݵ
֪ˣ׸ôˡ
³ĬƬ̣ڵ˵ͷ


279 ֮
ͬʱһھʮմ¥ʮĵطبȻֹ
˳ʹبһĿʧԶ
ӣȥ
ӥǡָվڴϵ
ȥһˡ
ЦһĵĽɫƣܿ³ս˻
ͨõ³ƣ֪һ˾ʦ͸ȥǸˡ
˳һʪСǰܿ뿪˾ʦĸشǰһƬƬͰƾɵķݡ
ƶ
κεطиˣˡʦҲһ
չǰԽԽƾɡ
ӵʲô
ӥǡԽԽ档˶ԾʦҲϤˣطҲûô
þŹãŵڣôҲ벻ֹôᵽƾɵĵط
Ӧþˡ
忴ǰڵ
ƶı׼ǰլڿӦ൱û󡣲¶༣ľľţ̦޺ʪ̨ףǽݣ˵ﲢʲôĴŴ󻧡
飡
̨ףôϵŻƬ֮󣬴Ŵ򿪣̽һͷ
˭
˯죬ˡ
Ŵʦ
΢΢һЦò
һѹһϵĻ·ܿ
ֻһյª͵ƣΰĹâ
һʮƣϵϣһĳẓ́һƵɫƷУǳǷϡ
һǸҵġǵʲôˣ
Ȼڸ˵˫ʧһĳẓ́ĵӡ
Ǻǣæӵġ

ߣ
Ļ¶һɫȴһЦغ̴̻˿ԥľܾˣ
Ҳ֪ǴϢ֪㻹˼ɡԴ뿪ʼҾҲΪκ˽ˡ
˾Ȼǹģ
ӥ֡һȡ˴󲿷ַ»񣬾ͨҲףٲס
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼй˻ס
ΪǼġ
а
μ³ʱҲֻûھ϶ѡʨɽص飬˶֪һ
æء
ǹӣôأӵô֪ģ
Ʋѡ
ǺǣϣֹӡҪһǳء
ʱ΢Цȫǰϡ
֪ԭܼ򵥣ǰļ޹أ竹ӵʱһڳ¥ϼ
һξϳ
Ϊһϸӵܣ
ǳأ
߶ѹȤĻҲɵۣǺܿͳһŭݣ
ӣ࿪ЦҲļҵӵܣڸϽҹȥ
һ˵ţһ캵̴ָţ
һӼʶ㣬ʲô˶ʲôҪĶСûôһǳأ
ΪСӹҼ
һ˵ܽ
֪ҪǮҪķѶ
Ĵ嶼ĺڣСǷ˰ɣصﶺġ
Ǻǣϣ˵ģȻġҪ㿪棬бҪܵ𣿡

ͷеǿҪ˵ɲסϵĻأԼԼպƻҪõλܹɽ
ĳﻮУλϿһλΪҪĴڡĽҲ˶ˡ
ֻǣ֮ǰʱһֱ̫ʺϡ
ֱڣǣ³ߣҵɽʱ
СӣƲ㡣֪һǳҪǮ𣿡
֮һĲмǲСһǳصġ
һ
ʲôͭǮ
֮Ц
ƽ𣡡

һ䣬ᣬ谵ķͻȻһƬš֮ĺ̴ڿУ˿ˡ
ӥ֡ͶŴˣĿɿڴ
һ
ôǮ𣿣
ǻƽһҪôǮ𣿡

˱֮Ҫ𾪡ǸҲһʱˣԼҲ˵һλӵ¼֪λǳھ̡
Ҳ֪ʵѾۺ̶ֳȣ
رǣ֮ǰ֪˶ˮȥû˱һƽζʲô
ƴô꣬׬Ǯһͷ
һƽֱ޷ģ
ⶼȵһҵȫʲˣӾϵҲʵ̫ˣ
а
СӣڿЦ𣿡
֮ɫ̣һš˵ʮʮû뵽ֱӱͬһƽԶԶԤڡ
ϣ
û˵ֻǴһ£Ūƣ˹ȥһ³˽ƣһơ
֮ƽʼĵ۹⣬ڿĻռǺͱ־֮͵̲סһ¡
֪ǰͷ֮ԶԼġ
ǹˣ˵ĻһŵǧǾ˵ѵġš
ӥһ԰˵
ߣ
ֻǺ̵ܶʱ䣬֮һһͰ˻ȥ
Ȼ֪ôҵģӲð׷ˡӹʱҾ˵ԺҲΪκ˽κζˡ㻹İɡ
̴֮쵽ͻϣˣְհյĳһԸٺ彻ӡ
ӹ֪ҴҲǳ񣬵һûдӦ
Ļˡ
һӵĹ๤󽳣֪˶ۼ׵Ĺȴִܵ
ֱֳ޷ܡ
Ժ֮;ĲٽӴκνˡ
Ϻαôżܾ
Цˡ֮ƢжţЩڹĽܳĴǣûһƢ
ûбȻİգǲܹġ
20ƽֻҪϴӦɽԸṩ20ƽ𣬹ϼطоҺṩԴ
ͻȻָЦ
ط֣֮пһ̴ĸӶȥˡСӲŶô֪Ǽ飿
֮һɫ
СӣҪſڿӣ֪ео𣿡
֮ЩĶˡС˵Ǽ£Ķкܴջ
Ȼ
΢΢Ц
ϵΪŲùӣ㱻Ѻ̲ն𣿡
֮ѵõһ졣Ƥ±˵ƣҲϹҲס
20ƽɲùˡˣˣǿǸ޵׶֪ţо޵׶Ͷٶ࣬ҲþһܹɹҪô򵥣ҵڹͳɹˡô¶أ
֮ѵõ
ʮ⻹ǵһֱʱ̬Ҫ֧ľоˡ֮˲ٺøС
ȻþͻӦ
Ȼֹ֧2030򡭡ԴԴϵĹӦ֧㣬һṩһˮ䷽

ˮࣿ
֮۾ɴˣȫ˵ʲô


280 ͢٣У
֮ľϽ˰뱲ӣڹϵĹкľйصĶָơ
֮û˵ֶ
ǺǣǰһֱҪоģǿשǽճϼŵӾ䷽˵ܶǰ
˵ţһ׼õĵ˹ȥ
ĵһݡˮࡱӡ
Ѿһˡÿһζ˵˵ĸо
磬ʲôãǺڽͨܲ㡣ȻɸͿԵ
Ҫһϣʱ䡣
³ϣӽϵʦҲ˶ʮʱ䣡
֮Ľеʱ򣬱ƴĲֹ˫ľ൱һ˫ĺڡ
ԼԪ˧һˡ
򵥵ģսУ˱ٶ죬Ԯøһ׻սʤ
ھֲսУϵֻһս۵ʤ
ڴսУ͹ϵһҵ˥Ȩĸ
ʱ壬ûע⵽һ顣
ļƻУˮࡱǼҪһ
Ȼһ磬ӽˮһʵʲôǳļֻһֱûеָ߶ȶѡ
֮ģһˮ䷽ھôôȥЩҪ֮Լȥˡ
ﾲĵġ
֮ʼģǾŷ谵ĵƻ֮еĵӣֻ΢һۣ֮ͱɫ
һשʯճĶһǷǳĶⶫоĶҪĶࡣ
֮еƽһӾʹˡ
Ż谵ĵƹ⣬֮еĵӣ˺ܾúܾáҲûдţһĬĬĿš
ô
һԵ
֮û˵ŵüͷƺԥòע⡣
漴ƺ뵽ʲôǰȥ֮߸ֻ˵һ仰
ϴӦңҲԴӦϣæԸ콫
仰Ϊѹյһݡ
ҴӦ㣡ֻҪܹæǸ쵰Ū
֮ݺݵĵͷĳޡ
꣬Ǹ쵰ݺƵճϼﶯֽţ¹еĹѷ죬ǽڵһأλᱻ¶ֵز
ɱ˲ͷأ֮ҲҪֻҪ뿪Ϳˡ
ӣûƭҰɣ֪ͷܴ󣬵ǹеĽҪŪȥɲסѵ𣿡
֮ʲô
ǺǣͲعˡףֲǰ첻ĵϢˡ
˰֣һƵᡣ
ҪһеĽɲףһҲûҴ壬Ҳܰ쵽ʹȥ
òô鷳
ֻҪе̫к칬Ľ׾١
ɹ˵֮Լϵĳǳػأܿ뿪ƫƧƾɡϫϾɸڡ
ɫѰ
һ΢紵˼棬Ҳ֮˷
ǳزС£رҪģһܹʮʿʳܹڹؽʱֹ̣ĳǳء
ǳرҪܴܴ󣬶رι̣˸ַ£Լˮʳ
ЩС¡һƽ𣬿ҲԶԶ
㻨֮ޣҲں
ֻǸоԼܹṩİʵ̫ˡڵԼԶûеһԾŶأЦ̸׾۹ķߵĵز
ڵ۹ϣʨɽϵǳأѾŬˡ
һʼǳأϵЩǮ¾ԶԶˡҪ׬ǮС취ǰƶǼˡ
̧ͷ˼棬Ŀ⻺ڵҹ

Ƭ֮һֻӹգ˾żҵլڡӷ򾩳żҵͬʱʮටĺͿʯҲ˾żҡ
ЩͿʯĳ֣ʦеȸҲʮѣеЩȫӿС
ǳ֮ʱ÷ǳ֮ߣ
岢Ǿ಻ˡ

ճϼƲ£ΡȻĴƻʹ֮Уһǽڳɢâͬ˼ʥһ㡣
ʱ˿̣һӰųнɫĹǽ֮Сʹͷ­һ˼ӡ
ûһˣ߾ֹ֮ȴ¶һɺǿơһĶָɫƣ¶˴˷Ƿݡ
ڹ֮͢ڣϹɫƵģݷǷڹ͢ӵ⡣
Ϊɫƣǳ͢ģǵʥ
ٹþһһʥʼĵʱˣϣܹñźð
üͷء
Ʒľ󳼣ͳ͢ĹԱһв糿Ҳ¡
ֻҪеĽͿˣֱʥʸ
öۼ͸ŻϢƣݵ֤Ϊ͢ľ٣˵Ǳµľ٣еȨܴȳĳЩĹԱȨҪ
٣пԵĲԶԶ
һо֣еǿѹ
Ϊľ٣ҪͬʱʮҪǣµҪʥ⡣
ֻͼȴȫ⡣
β룬ҵı̫ͣÿļ͹һˡ
ƾı֣Ǻñġ
Ϊֱ͢¸ľ٣ıּûʲôȦɵ㣬ܹñºӡġ
ȥ²˵Ҳѵȥˡ
а

鷳ƵʱԱߵԺǽͻȻһЦžҵĴ
ʢ֮˴д裬ˡÿﾭϤ
ȴЩ̫һ
ҵĴ򶷿Գܾãܿͽˡֹˣ򶷵ƺҲ̫һ
ƺѰе
ʶʱפͣ

ɻʱ򣬹ǽڣͻȻٴǸ˵ƺЩ̫
һٴҲ䶨ˣ
һˬʵ
һģвû뿪Ǿڹǽ
⹬͢һжйصġ飬̫ѰˣǺͻȻһЩȤ
ﬣ
һսıϴλ˿졣ﬣһ۶ϵΪͣһؽ߸߷ӹǽוּһǰԶ˹͢ļʵĺɫש֮С
ǣ
ڽ׹һ̣ۼ⣬һ˳к͵
ⲻǾ³ҵ𣿡
ӣĶǯָСĴӵһУгö
ûǾ³ҵ
о³ҵĻӡԴˡΪ͢ľ٣ÿЩ򽻵ЩϤˡ
³Ǿ˵ļ壬ڼġΪˣڼƷࡢõġ
³ҵĲߣڽõ˺ܶࡣ
³ҵȻ˿ˣʵ⣬о㵵ǽضϽĶϿڣȻһ⻬
ʲôȻֵز
𾪡³ҵȻģǳһ֮УҪնϾס
Ҫȱնӣǰѽ÷˼㡣
ܽеôãûмʲôֵܷز
ԭΪԲŽս
һ⻮ԺͻȻʲôֻǶǰѿ³ȴӺˡ
ýȻǺýң㻹Ҫһ𣿡
ֻǽˬʵֵ
ˣˡѣһȸֽʲô˲бͲȸֽӵ
˵ĽһùǽжȻһ
ȸ֣ǾȻȸ


281 ɹһ
ʲôЦʲôʱ򿴵ϻԼצȥ˼Ҵܣ
ǽӮ˵
ѣƽң
ߣ붼룡
ѣȸǧƽҳ㻹׬һǧ˵ʱȥһˡ
ٺ٣ֵôͣԼȥһھǡαذǮ׬浱ɵΣżҺò׷ų˺üµܹҲʮȸֽôˣɮ٣Ͳͷ˰ƽһѣмУԼǾ͸ˣ

ڲΣӹǽ˽ȥ
ոգ˵ʲô
б֣ǽؽ⣬˽ȥ
ˡ
ϣжһæͷʦ棬ʮûвʶ͢С
ʳףĶͷ˾ʮеľеס»ȫҪйһ顣
ǲһһλʱ빬ʥ
˿һ¾еװͳ¶û˵ȥ⹬ģҲûϵһλ
Ҫ֪һλƽǲôġ
ˣֻд似ûʲô
еġʡ˶Щ
ҲǱҿһ𣿡
ָһеĳ
⡭Ȼԡ
лѵĽϴӦţ鿴ȴǰٰĲᣬͺһǲĽеȸֽ˹ȥ
ֻǽǱȸֽǵ飬Ȼ
ܳʵȿȥܹ⻬ֲǹ⻬˰ۣӦɱơ
а
һУ֪ûСһӺ;е򽻹ֵʮƣ¶ǷǳϤ
ܶԣһ¾ͲжϳƷôܴﵽΪϸĵز
߳ģֱͺһһ켼ȻһȻͬ
ٳ͢ıԼʦǼûʡ
ȸ
еǿڽоɲ
¥һַƥ޼᲻ݵµһʳ֧ıͳͳȸĶ֡
˵֮ǰھʦﴫ÷зеȻҲжŵġ
˲һ˵֮Աǣš
һµô򵥣
츳˵Щͱȱ˴Ըߣ죬ʡֶѵҲͻһµĶ췽
ЩִһŲǾ£꣬ǧĴУһơ
ôܻƾðһȫµ취ţҿ׾ٵжһݿɵж
Ǵš
ȸֽϡ٣Ҷ˵ۼûдš
ڣͻȻЩô϶ˡ
ﬣ
˻ûзӦнһɨѾɨһеĶϽ
ͣ
һ΢ŵеĶϽٴնϣһؽ֮أש֮С
ܿͷӦһӡƾȸֽߴƽĸ߼ۣǼĽܺȲŹ֡
еĸоֲһĸоУ͸о³ҵĴڣͺ񵶽һ
еһνӴֵҲһᵽȸֽķľӴľеҲû˿µı
ֱѾ
ϵļ
ڤڤУһͷӹԺͻȻָһϵļеߴ󲻽⡣
ǣˡ
Ȼ֣лѵĽ˳ӵĽϵļƹܽе⣬ּлҪж١
һ̣һصļб㱻ϢһΪһڵϣϿڹ⻬羵
Ѽ׼ˣǱеľٶһ
ֹ⼸Լһ
У벻Ȼģ
ȸ֣еһ뵽ģǵ¥ϣ˵˽һһɽһ롣
ûеֳˣ󲿷һЦ֮һﴫȻΪ飬ۼΪʵǰһΪĽУ𺳲ѣﻹһ㻳ɡ
սϣܵ˫Ǿõõס
һЩؼϵ׶졣Щ״󲿷ֶӲޱȣҪĵʮ൶ܲѺֻۣǿö
ܹĲλǳޡ
ȸģֱӿϡ
ľеʮ꣬ڱļֵһͬԷ糾һмʶֱһģװ֮ͼֵ
Ǹո˵ʲôƽһѣҲδ̫˰ɣ
пˣüͷ
ʦ棬ұеĽ¥̣ʲôĵûôġ
ٺ٣ˣ㻹ӹڹ͢棬֪ٽֵǮ򲻵öȻˡ
лѵĽ⻰ˡֻҪǵĲ꣬Ķ˵
ңƽһѣ⻹Ǳ˵ˡ룬棬Ƕˣ˵Ҳʮˡܹʮڽ⻹µĲɮٰﹻ
ңۣǾżҵļۡġģǾ͸Ӳֹˣ˽£ͳʮˡ
лѵĽ˵ȻԼһȸֽǳԺ
ȸֽ𣿡
üͷ
ﰡӺ;żϣþżҰæġҪȻƾӵԸһ²ôһѣеʱһѶð˼
һȴһڸ͡
ȻǾż󼸹أ˵ҲءƷǿ϶û⡣

˶֪ȸĲߣƾֻ¾ųɾϵĽ桢ǿԵˡ
˾żҵĴڡ
ھżҵĴڣһ㶼⡣෴ЩּɣһͲֺԽԽá
ǾͲǮˡ
ʮƽ⻹ǼǰļǮͳһѣΪҶ˵ӵǰмУļ۸ͳʮˡڽ棬Ҳֻͷǲˡ
Ľ˭֪ӵǶһ޶ÿһ͡ʽɱȻͬ
Щֹһ־Ʒ
˺ܶܶࡣһµһһ֪ԭ棬һȸֵСг
Ҳǵһ֪ԭ¥Щ˵ȫġ
ģеԺһЩ뷨ΡͻȻ֪ĵʱ򣬸ȥʥʽˡ
ȸֽߣ֮㵽ã
ȸֽҴҵľʥڵ̫ȥ뵽ԺǸ뷨о̲סȫѪڡ
ʷĳֹǰУŬ£һЩ͸÷飬ձĹ켣Ϸˡ


282 С
֮ٶȺܿ죬õֺ֧ŵ֮֮뿪סƾɵª︮ڡ
ھټһ󲦹ˡʦԼľ˲ţһȺ˺ƺƵһҲͣĸ˴ϡ
һ뿪ģļʮƽԼһеһ󲦻
³ͨѾкǵԻ˽Ӵ
ʱ飬Ѿŵϡ

ˣ
šװ޵Ĺɫ鷿УһһΣ򵥵ʱ˿̣ڵϣĬĬ
һӴϢĴɢͼǰȣԸӵǿ
ȻŸոմﵽԪŽ۷壬ϵϢȴôɢϢԪߣе侳ǿߵζ
ʱ˿̣徫ȫ񶼷ڵĹԪڡѨϡ
ۿάȣһɹɵԪӿȻͬӿС⼸ѨڵСѭС
С
֪ȵ΢Сѭ֣
ԪŽ׵侳£Ҫһ굽ʱ䣬ʳڵţһҲҪʱ䡣
ȻСһȫ⡣
Сһ֣ԪٶͻƵ侳Сš
ںַ֪Ҳࡣ
ڣ³壬Ҳû֪ˡ
侳Ԫǲͬġ
侳ǿ߼˶ţپڡԪʵսɱʾȫͬˡ
øӵĸ͡ӵƻԪͽ
侳ǿ֣߳⻷ģֶʺԪǲһġ
ģáС΢С΢СѭԪڲϵѹıʣʹӵǿ
ȻЩı壬ʹԼøǿ
仰˵СʹԪӵ伶ֻûôѡ
ַŵǿ֮
ϲоˮ50㣡

һĬĬʱͻȻһϤԺͬʱ·ʲôӿԺоƺЩ̫һˡ
ף
循һһĨľâͬҹеǳһһӶ
ô£50㣬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
оɲѡ
ͻȻⷭʣʵʼϲ
ĽǱôͳɹ𣿡
ʯ䣬ԺͷҲ֪϶ĽĹ͡
ϸ룬ȥֺҲµ£ȻѾо˳ˮʵǲ˼顣
Ҫ֪һһǻʱ䡣
ѵΪֺ𣿡
˼
ڴ˵ֺԶͥƧũѡ˵ûбõĵطˡ
㣬ºͣũһĳЩһˮĵط˵ǸطȻá
ټԼָ㣬Ľȷʵ˺ܶ·µʱ䣬൱⡣
һﻹǹƴ
ͻȻ֮ʲô̾ѡ˵Ľ굽˽ֺ֮󣬻ϳԡԶ棬ŵסûȥ
ôɹֻŬĹˡ
ûгӽˮֻۣ˵ǳˮӦûûгɹǲ֪ˮĲˡ
а˼
Ȼǿӵлأһʵ
ϧҲûа취ˮֵط֡
Ծų̫ƽʢʳȴߣԶԶûдﵽĶǧǧǧĵز
ûгʳ˿ҲԶûôӴҲǧ˿ڶѡ
ԶԶûкֶڵĹģ
ҲҵĽ꣬Ҫڸı״ԭδսûӴ˿ںʳǲܳɹġ
Ҳ̫˰ɡֻǳˮѣԶԶ̸ӽˮȻܽ50ʵǲ˼飡
Ľٶȣ˿ԾģԺ˵ݡ
50
̫˰ɣļǵã֮ǰԼı˺͸ıڶʹ¼齱ûôࡣ
ѵ˵ĽоôһˮȻȽڶʹ¼һҪҪ
Ź֣˵ĸо
Ҧºͽڶʹ¼֪ð˶ķգջĽȴĽԶڽֺһо
ָоһѾ
ˣ
Ƭ̣廹Ǻܿ˹
ԣΪ¼Ӱ𣿹¥£ӰֻһҶѣһ˵Ӱ㲻ʲôڶʹ¼ӰҪϺܶ࣬ܵ͢ĹעԽҪһЩܹԲɣźĻӦҲ١
ĽĳˮʳΪ죬Ӱǧ¼ûбӰˡĽոеͻƣĽԶֹ㡣
㣬ҲǸ˲ѡ
50ȫջ񣬸ҪǣĽڻԶûоӽˮ
Ҳ˵ԼԺܴϻԴԴϵĴ
Ǹջ
ĿǰΪֹջףҲһˡ̫¼ͽڶʹ¼ܹյ50۵ڶ۵˵㣬ʣ15㡣
Ȼ󲻾ǰΧʸ߾ˣɱ߾佫Сջ25㡣
ټյ50㣬ΪֹѾ90
һʲСĲƸ
嶼пĲ١
ô㣬ҾͿԶһǼˡ
ͻȻһ飬һܿ칵ͨԺеġ֮ʯ˽У˵ڶ塱ִĶһ
սסѡʱ͵Ĳһ£Щ겻ӡ
뿴սʲôӰ
˽սһӰս׸һսףս
ʲôУûʺԼĿס
ս׵Ķһ80ϵĵȫԶһҲֻ룬ܿʹͷ
֮ϾҪ٣һսףʱϵĵԶԶ10ôǲɹһصġʱľ·һˡ
˿ȻܲᣬǼѵƿԼĿ⣬ֱӷһУ
Һอ
֮ʯµĶһﵽһϣŻֳԺ֮УڽҺอĽǡ
ҺอԴǿߵʹߵอܹܸѹھҴߺԪ֮׺͡
ͬ£ʹԪٶȺԪָٶȶӡ
һʮ

һˡҺอ֮ԪٶȺԪĻָٶȶӣҪġ
һɴĶһˡҺอ
ܿ˿˿ƣǧͬķһӿڣĸƢ֮С


283 ˣӣ
¡
ΪⲨ仯˾ͷʱͻȻȻһһɰģ·֭һƺƵӿȣڤڤй֮Уӿÿһ֮С
ôһɲǣоԼ·ҪϢŨҵ̡ճȣÿݺϸĿ϶ȫû
ʹ÷βϰӣҪѹ塣
ˣ
оҪ֧ŲסʱЩ顢ȵĽˮͻȻ֮¶һ˿϶
һˮһŬϸ
У
鷿峤һǴصĴѾߺǶõ
ܰȻǿҪûôװ
аҵš
мΪĴڣҲеĹĵط
ǿߣҲֻΪԪĴڣСȵרĹǾûС
Ҳǵһֶ
ǿ棬Һอǿţ֮Ҫ߶˵Ķࡣ
֮ʯеһοŶһʱϲԽҪһ˼
ǸʱΪ֮ԭй˼أȥһֱĽĳˮֲһԸ
ˣ
ůģųصĺĸоɰǧССķĹ֭ĸƢȥ
̵ӿÿһϸ󻺻ЩطϸΪһ塣
һǰδйӿоԼƮƮģԽԽᡣ
ֹˣš֭อ岻ںͣҲӿһֵĸоݽˮһ
ָоʼԣԽԽǿң·ΧƵĲǿճҺһ
ԭǽ֭อ
ϵı仯׹ڽ֭อԸıߺԪ֮׺ôˡ
ǰʱȻҲܸоԪĴڣֻһָо۵ġ
ȴͬоԼȥͬʵĶһ
ֹˣܸоһָֻ֪Χѣֻɵľ롣
Ѿˡ
侳侳߿¶һ㡣
ǲ˼飬֮ʯȫͬܶȫóȥȡ
ҡͷ̾ѡ
һָһѼ׵ĲƵָ⣬Ȼսڡ
ȻյǺܶ࣬ĿģԵȥԪЧҪöࡣ
Ը⣬һ˲ΧڵԪһա
սң˫Ԫľ£ǽǾԵġ
ˣ
һվ鷿У۾˫ŷֿһȵҺอȫɢอ֮Уһжƽ۾
Ѿȫƽ֮ǰԸоԼӵǿ󣬼ͣҲܸܳĳ
ͬȣԼǿ߰˱
ף֣Ҳ˲ء
һͻȻһֱۣоԼȻҲӲ٣аϲ
֭อֻอģȻܹǿĸƢͬʱԼ⵹Ǹջ
ĻСԺͻȻ侳͸ˣʵҲǿࡣ
۾а
¥ٳߣϲ㽨ʼĻػȣôӹҲûõġ
ӵһ飬һˡ
ʱˣһλҲӦõˡ
ڷĬĬϢ˰ʱȾȹ忴һϰڵǸɳ©Ȼ鷿˳ȥ
ôŴ˵𣿡
忴鷿һҵĻ
عӣ̫ظոչһѾڿˣѾϵ͸㣬֪鷿ԷѾд˵ù꣬Ͼȥ̫ء
⣬̬Ȼĸ״򷢹ģѾһˡ
ţ֪ˡȥɡ
˵ͷһ䣬ֱ鷿ȥ
̫ӣλǴȻλԶȲ³λ۹Ĵ󶼻ĿУһԼǰеļؼ֮һ
ϴΪ³˶ӣԸƻ߾͵ϮһΣҲûø˵ֻǻ˸죬ˣȻԼλ̫ء
ʱ嶨ģһμ棬Ҳλ̫ºõӡʱϻú׼
һ԰ˮغȷҵĿӡ
йɵĲ㡣
߽ȥʱĸλְĽ̫˵λվ
ѵ̫ش˵һͣҪˡ
λ̫أƺӡǲ仰żѾ御뿪ˡ
̫شˣ
ۣɫһ߹ȥһҾ
ң幫ӿˡ
æλվһһ߻Ҳһ߲ĴλϾ湫ӡ
ھʦֵطǰλһ£ֳ˵ҲǾ̾ѣġ
ôҲ벻ףλʦĴΪʲô뵽ҪԼ
Լӽϣ⾩ʦ棬ÿһεְûôûкǰλʲô
һǽŵڣŹǵ¸أµ࣬˵£Լʲ
Ҳֻд󶼻³ʸ
ôҲףδı£λΪʲôᵽԼڴ󶼻³صᵽԼǰֵԼ
ӸԼдΪɻġ
ȷʵͺ
ӴԼʱֺγڴȻвٵ̫أǰλ֮Ĵڣǡʷ
ȻһжΪǱ֪ĲΪ
ʮƾʮգһĴսԼıƺܱսȫΪǰλϴһΪ
˵δƵ۹˥һϵкңŵƵӦͱ仯Ļôλ̫أǵµĵһö
κԵĴ£еһȼߣ
ӣǵȼһߵˡ
ƽսֻһ֮
ǰλһֽ˴ƶ̫ƽʢ˶ҡҵδ
ҺͻеһΪ֮ɥӵ˵ĻôǰλԾǸˡ
ֻһУ¾ԼҲ֪
ƣ⣬֪
ʷЩӺ֮ǵ˲ͬ
岻ţʼնţӻǸˡԭ


284 ̽ӣ
ӳøߴ֣࣬һһֺɵĸо
ϣܸоһֺǿҵľ˷񡣺ڸףԼЩľϸоһģһ
ǰӰţگ޷Ů뾩ʱսۡɱ¸޷һŭ㾡گٹ֮ΪŮ𣬷ƣǳƵ۹Ӵսۡ
޷ҰĲŮݼδظôӣƸۣ㾡ȫ֮ôһս
ҪǣǸ޷ҰĲҲֻдȥԸŮȴ޹
Ϊ̫أΪǶͨ˵Ҳܵġ
ʹôʧȥ˵µƸߵ㣬ҲʧȥպԸگĽڡʮʿս֮ǳսܵݱصĽ䣬گ޷Ҳǳͬġ
飬ڴǰκγǴûзģ
ΪһеʼٸߣӳΪ˴Ƶˣʹޡ
ЩͷԺһָܿ
ˣ룡
һֻɫе뷨ѹ£Ž̫¡
ӣ㿴ˣ֪ҵʲô£
Ǿ˵磬ֱֱȥϲίߣ岻룬ֱ⡣
Ǻǣ̫ش˺ʹ󶼻һְ֪ôˣ
ûԼӹĿģ빬ְʥ£һ˵ţһϵĲԼһָţ
ãµû˵ʲôû⣬ٹ죬ҾҪؽˡ
üȴû˵ʲô
ô죿
Ϊ⣬ӵҲ£ȻôҪؽϣʵ⡣
һʦҪΪ󶼻ԭְѾɣȻӦûȥ
ӽ͵
ӦˣڽϣҲʹ󶼻³ͨദĲǺܺã˵塣
Ǻǣ֮أԶȲþôѵõһˣηٶһʱ䣿Ҳһ֮ꡣݪݣſͱȥ֮أÿȥҴңһضȥһݪΣ
һ˵ţһϸĴӣһ˿һı仯Ź۾̽ζ
ӣ
û뵽һ䣬ͻȻһվ˪һŭ
ҾӵܣŹ֮ԲŸԼû뵽ӾȻҪȥ¾Ĺ֮ءӣҿˡûʲô£Ȼȥˡ
˵˴һĲ졣
ⷭ˵ǣʵһݪݡֺʵǾʦĹ֮ء
ôȥ˶֪˵ˡû뵽Ȼ˵Ҫȥ֮ء
ʦīôȴӣԼʲôˣ
˵۾ŭ
Ī֡ݪֻСһ˵Ȼ˲ϲ͵û˵ˣСӸ̫ش˵Ǹˡ̫شĪ֡
һֱӣӷŭҪߣһĵĸˡ
ʲôݪݡȻġԼĸ׾ڲԶĵطôȥ̻֮ء
ֻһ̽ѡ
ˣĺΪʼٸߣڷ൱ˡ
һ㣬ڿԿ϶ԼжûдӾʲô̰ɫ֮ͽ
ԸΪˣ磬ֱֱȥĴ˷
嵹Ҳɴ֪࣬ԼˣվĸһϴǸ
һʱ֮䣬ӷôˡ˵ףҲֻʮѰ
ô£ֻ˻ȥ
ǺǣŴˣʵСһϣ̫شܹӦ

Ŷӵ˵޷
ӿ
ǹʨɽ¡
£˲ѾӦ𣿡
Щ졣
·ԶɽˮҽһأҪĲϣʱⷽ棬Ҳûṩ̫ǰûеϣǵһΣϣ̫شܹİġ

ҪʲôĻҪʲôܿڡⷽ棬˵һܰʲôæ
ӳƬ̺˵ͷ
ʨɽشңԶǽŵڣｨؿ϶ķѲСֻܾ͵ȡġĻڽϵĵطҲаġ
ݻ£ӵ塣
ھˣӾ˺ܶࡣȻǽأڲŵĽסֻ֪һӴĳǳء
һ˵ȷʵ벻ط̫صİİ֮ǱߵĹͻ˳ܶ࣬ʱҲǰ
ߣ弫俴صġ
ӣ
̸ŨʱͻȻһ󼱴ٴٵĽŲ洫һűһɴƿһ˼ҴҵĴ洳˽ӵ̸
üǵò˵𣿵п˵ʱ򣬲Ҫš
ӣүˣ˵кҪ飬ȥ
û֣˵˳
һȻûʲôүֻһ˲Żڼ˵ĿôƺǾĴب
ôˣ
һɣʱӦæź³򽻵ɡǼҵʱӦó鲻ŶԣôܵԼ
һ˹Լ˵д
ӣȻ㻹£ҾͲˡȸˣʲôµĻԺϵҲһ
ӻ⣬ǣһҲˮ
Ƭ̣ڵ˵ͷ
ͳȥܿ˶ǡ
ӣң
߹
ţһ齻ȥ졣ǵҪڽϵʨɽ𣿡

ȥʨɽæල죿
ǣ
ԥҡҡͷ
ҪҵŽ̫ӣΣҪĻΧҪ̫ظܵĻý̫صŮ̫ظ棬۲ΧһС淢ʲô飬ÿʮ͸һɸ봫飬ÿž١ʲô鷢ҪҴϢ

ѿڵͺסˡû뵽彻κΡ
ǣҾȥǳҪ𣿡
˵ⷭʱɫޱȡ
ӷģֻҪǹӷԸģһȥɡ
ԥ
жҪǼһӶҪ顣ڱ˵С£ѵ飬Ҳһ쵽
ţһ顣Ҫʱ̶Ž̫ӣһ̫ظ£ͼԲãҪζҪϣ̫ظһ㣬𣿡
⻰ǵͻȻùŹޱȡԴʮǰʼӶֽκΡ
ǶǴû˵˹ŹֵҪ
̫ظΪʲô£ǿ̫ظʲôͨĵطĸӻҪ̫ظע⡣
ң̫ӺúõһˣΪʲôҪԲáոճȥʱҲ
Ľ˶ʮ㣬ߵʱ򣬻磬¶Ҫ˱ᣬ˻벻ȥԲã
һӲ֪˶ٷ꣬ûֹŹֵ顣
ǣӡȥ졣
Ȼɻ󣬵ɶûУ
ٺ٣ӷģҾ͵ǽһιӶκΣΣҶһɹӽġ
˵󣬶ЦźʹݣŵĽҶˡ


285 ͢ɹ
źϵ飬һȥ˴ب
͢Ľܹˣȸֵ
ĵһۣبżɽ
ʲô
ǰŲŸո̤仰ʱһĴ㵣˶漴һ޷ݵĿϲͬӿ˳һϯû
У
֣֪Լε鷢ˡ
͢ɹ
㲻һӵļ䣬Ҳ֪ζʲôڴƣֻһϵһǾǲɹ
Ǿš³ơ̼ңǾĽ¥̣һ漰ĲɹλеľܹԸ
һ㣬Ѿżҵļ˵üˡ
˵ֻӵһֻԼ֪塣
λܹ͢ϱ磬ʷģһȸֲɹ
ȻǴβɹΪԭʧˣȴԶʷϡ
ʱ㣬ӦûҪһԺŻᷢǰһ㶼֡
Ψһû뵽ǣô졣
ɸżҴһϢǴһ¼ȸֽʮĿľҪڽӰ졣
յĿģǳλ͢еɹĽȥġ
ֻҪλڽӵҪλľۿԼȸһ
ǶȸϲҲͲỨôľʹۣȥ˵͢ȥɹȸˡ
ֻû뵽ежȻôѸ١ǰ£ȻѾʼжԼĴب
û뵽֮ϲ
ݺݵȭͷ˷ޱȡ
ȸַǳ󣬶ҿԴ󡣵ҲоԵġϡΪ󡱣Ȼͳﵽ˶ʮƽ𣬶ƽ˵һӶ顣
һҲֻһѡԺ󶼲һ֡
Ļƽһʱܹ׬ȱٵľʱ䡣
ûʲô͢Ǯˣ
ÿһ˶ͳԳ20ƽһǳͬ͢͢Ǳ޵ġ
ļƻУͿʯõңǳ͢
ֻʱһҪˡ̫ˣȸһĲ͢ûҲǮ
ڣõʱ
ӣˡ
ڴب£ڳġȺ¥λľܹС
˿ˡ
Цһ˵ţһеĶ󷽡
ܹУڴƾײβĴڡ
ĻΧڹڣж͵ȥЩҲȡҲȥҴңһʱ䶼ûС
ȻĴⱲӻǵһκ档
ӦѾ˵˰ɣ
е·൱ĸɴ࣬һżɽ⣺
͢Ҫڹɹһǧȸ
ǺǣȻôˬ죬Ҳֱ˵ɣһǧȸ
̯̯֣Ц
ŶΪʲôΪǮ̫𣿡
һâ⣺
ˡֱԣ͢ɹǲܺ͹һģһġƽһѣѾˡ
ȷʵյȸ飬һļ۸ȷʵܵ͢͡ɹһˡ
ˡ
Ц
ҲϣǸˡ
ŶΪʲô
ΪܹҲֻһٶȸֶѡ
Ц
ȺͰԼܹҲֻپѡȴҪһǧôࣿ
м۸񿪵ٸߣҲò
ԼйΪ̸ġ
Ǻǣˡֱԣ֮ҪЩȸҪ齨һֻȸľӰɣһǧĹ𣿡
Ц
ǷǳͳԷ糾Ͳֹһθȸ齨һ֧ӽΡ
вɹҲˡ
Щ˼ǵһۣʹȸֵķʶ̺ľ¼ֵ
δĴʳˣôġ
мȸˣ̾ʶ̺ľ޴;
⡭
жʱסˡֻȲɹһڽԣ廹û
ǺǣˣҪ齨һֻȸľӣһǧǾԲġңƽһѵļ۸ҲȷʵЩ͡˿ԤҰ˰ƽķã˵ҿڣ취Ūһ֧װ˴ȸļ۸ҲԸһЩŻݣ͵һǧ

һԣĴüͷ΢΢һ¡ȴ۾һ˵һȸΣ˵һǧƽļ۸ע⡣
˰ƽ͹𣿡
е
ͨͨһ仰Ⱥ¥ȴ԰Ҳ̲סΪ֮Ŀ
Ǯ
ипѡ
ǹܹܺ͢һҴĲˡ
˰ƽھҴ˵Ҳһʾ޴ģԳܵӴ֡
ǶھдɹĹ͢ľܹܣľëëꡣ
ΪܹܣбƳ͢
ͬĲ
ԽԼļƻ͹ȷġ
мٶһ£ҳûԼŵݣдϡ
տƾΪš
Ϊܹܼϰˡ
ΪʲôҪӦǿ̫𣿡
Ⱥ¥Ĵب̲סڵһپ٣һ
ȻԿ壬بΪԼ޹ء
Ǻǣ󲮣˼Ҷˡ˵ǻܾܾ𣿡
Ц
⡭
بסˡһУںֱӾܾˡب֪бվʥʡ
Ҳبھ¥ȫһԲԭ
Ǻǣ󲮣İɡ飬ǸͲԿ
ЦŰο
֪ھʲôҵبֱԼǽĴø֣ҪѹԼļۡ
Ϊ˶
ȴһúܿ
갡˭֪ᷢЩʲô
˵ֻԼĻипѡ
һп¶ûʶԼոմɵĽ׵ζʲô
ʱԷ̫̫仯ˡ
֮ûзǳƽ٣֮ԼţԼͻɺеĽס
ҡҡͷܿع
˰ƽ𣬽ϵʨӳҪĻƽʣµľͿִҵһƻˡ
ͱ˴󲮸بƾ棬Ҳ֮
ϵʨӳǾǸ޵׶Լ֮ǰƻδй˽˽ǳصһ˵ԣ⻹δ̫
ĿʨӳȴĿǰΪֹҪġҪǮҪȥ
ҲһҪ͢ľܹҪһԤԤõԭ򡣸ϣʳ
漰Ķ̫̫ˡ
ƽ𶼲һ
һǮȥӦòܹﵽԼҪЧˡ͸ýһˡ
ǼҲǿ̲ݻģ


286 Ұģ
ڸӼİԼͰȡ
ܾûԺ˲٣Գһ̫ɹζѵӪ˼£˱Ҳһ
һȻҪȥ˾رһ㣬һ棬ҲΪֺĴ󼢻ġ
ô飬סˣζҪȥԿһġ
ӣ
ĵһ棬˫ֺʮľһ
Ϊϡǣһֻ˵ΣȻɬԸ˵ģеľؿ֪
ǺǣУô
ЦŰ˰֡
ȺͰԼҸϴһʱ䣬Ϣͨ۹ǵĹϵʵѾ൱Ϥˡ
ʼʱ򻹻дʦϵ֮󣬾ֻдˡ˫ϵǢı֡
ҪģӶ˵Ļӣˮ빫һ񡣡
ۿͨ죬˫ֺʲָһ
Ͳ֪ʲôӣȻ꼢ģʳÿˣûôˡ
Ǹʬ裬׹ǲӬĿǡʳ֪Ҫ϶ٱˡ
˶壬Ƿĵ𾴡
Ǻǣ
ô֣֪ǲΪԼǴЩôģҲͲ˵ʲô
ֻ˵̬ҲоóӦǺࡣ
Ȼܹ⣬ǾͺáУ֮㣬֮棬ҪѼˣֻǿԼҲֻǱˮнܹα꣬β˱Уֻ֮ܿԼ
ͰȡԼֻϵǰȡԼ𾴣Ҳѵõ˵ⷭ
ļĲһʱģǳģϰԵģвûԭġ
κͰȡԼĽףȥ˺ܶʳţ򡢼ѼãȫһֵʳֲȻٻЩţ򡢼Ѽ
ţԲ̣ѼԲ
ãδ˵õܴĸƣڷܵĻȫԶž
֪һǲܵġ
͹ȥʳֻᱻȫԵǸ˾ģҲֻα꣬αҲĿС
ǰһЦھӿһӼҾ϶û¶٣ĴҪƼҾƶǻǮһͷܲеĸţ͸һٶú÷ȵ꣬ĸţУͻúܶࡣ
ӸտʼҲǷܷͼǿ¶ģһҪһյǷϣúƴͷţıƶ
ǺܿͰţֵǮͷţͷҲһԲ̣ǮͿӡ
ΪھӣԺǾһţ򣬴һ٣Եرˬ졣
ţǮܿͻˣ룬ȼֵǮҲο򻻼ǮֿԱһ١
һ죬ؾûʲôˡ
˵죬һż԰Ѽɱ˳ˡǶһȦɼͽıڣţȴѾûˣ
ٵľִ۾ǶٴΣԼٶʳǸƶ
꣬ȻŴ󼢻ĵֶصȻ᲻ͣķ
岢׼Щʲô
Ҫ򡱣ҪıĴֻܿ˭Ҳﲻˡ
ȡԼһΡ
βһ㣬Ǵ˾ҲΪҲֻܾѡ
Ǻǣ˵Щˡ
һӣû϶
УνǹʵһǴ
忪żɽֱ⡣ټȺͰԼɲˮȵġ
˵
һص
Ĵ˾̸һʽףǹںͿʯģӼӺͿʯǺǣȱΪѡ˵پܾ١
ϷһΪѣ΢ЦһָŴݣһŷ
һǧƽԸΪͿʯ¼۸Ŵ˾һܾ
ﬣ
һǧ
ոջ׼ܾİȺͰԼһӴסˡ
ӣ㲻ǿЦİɣ
һĳԾʵǲţ档Ϊ۸ʵǱڵļ۸̫ˡ
ȻǿЦ
Цλվ̫ûгأԼŷʡ
һ𣬾ȺͰԼΨհ˵ʱҲȫע©ʲôҪ˵κϢ
ȫһֲĹ̡
տʼʱȫӣһȾܾ塣
ҳ߼ԭģǾϣ˾ѽһʿʯҡ
һָŲ
Ϳʯܵͣ仰˵ġһطӦĶˣһطӦľͻ١
û
Ҫʳ֧
һʳ֧ƾ֧ȫԱװȸ䵶װӣӮ˺ʹƵսһֽĲ
ǮʹĥҪƾӴĲӲʳ֧ĺͿʯǵ֧˵ľ˾ﲿĶɱѿ
ϵıµ
սǡս֮Ҫ˰˰ԤɲģΪ˵С̡
۵ʨӳҪõ޿µ򣬾ʹʳảͿʯĴʳ֧
սöҪ浶ǹԷצݣһʤ
ҪǣͿʯƻʼӪڣͬѩһ㣬һߵڣʵҰĵʱѾˡ
ҪԼǰڴӺͿʯƻۻľ޿ΪԼһ֧˵ȸװӡ
ôƣʵǸǰûʵֵԸŷɥڴƵľ֮УΪӴĵ۹һ֮ԼǻۺƺɨлȺۣ
֪ˣǸ˾޷ܾԼΪ޷ܾջ
֪ҪٵĿʯ
һԣһֱûôڵİԼɫأһ˼ӡһǧƽ֮ǰļ۸̫ࡣ
ǺͿʯÿжģһƱӰ쵽һ
ѾԶġҪȻ˾ɴ˾ȫȨᡣ
ǧ
忪ڵȭͷָֻֿ̯


287 ˣ
ܣ
ȺͰԼһ𣬼ͬʱʧͺǸоʧ̬Լæ͵
ӣǲԸôһ궼ڲôࡣ
ͿʯʵؼӲ⵼ΧػҲĶӣѶȷǳ
ͿʯôֵͨĲߡǰѸȫչһҲǧĿʯ
Ǻһٿʯ
ֻƱ΢ЦʵȻ֪ͿʯĲûôߡ
仰Ҳ׺ͿʯʵҲþҪ
ǧĿǰԤĲһҪĩܴﵽҪﵽ˵ĳ̶ȣͱ֣
Լ
ǺǣΪʲôأڴ˾ļƻУҲӦǻ֣İɣ

ǣҲ顣ʹղôࡣ
Լ
һǧƽһļ۸ĸ̫̫࣬ջˡҶҲģؼǣ̫ˣòǧôࡣ
һǧӦܴﵽɣ
΢ЦĿġ
Ǻ̸Ȼòô鷳ǺĴ˾̸þģҲλδı˾
вǳ䵱۾ͶѣȻⲻҪʹһСֶΡ
Ӧáǿԡ
ԼĬƬ̣ڵ˵ͷ
ӦٻҪ²СºӦòԴ˵Ǹ֡
ԼȥһĿɽϤһǧʯϾĲˡһǧ壬ϽͲʣʲôˡ
ϾβҲǼ˶ѡ
ѯʴ˾С
Լ˵󣬰ԼǲıʾյľȨȻλ˾С
ȻУߴ˾ֻҪӦҵҿԤһĻƽ𣡡
˵ţ׳Լذը
֮±·
ȺͰԼǻл߳ҴŵġϺı飬ʧǵıӰЦ
һ
ɱϴεĽ׶ʮֹĻƽѾϲøˡ
һĵ˵ȫ޷Ӵջ
֪Լļƻһɹġ
ǰȺͰԼǣΪ棬ͷҲһἫȥȰλ˾
ӣֵðһһƽ𣬿ɲһСĿ
ӥȥıӰ
Ȼ壬ңҪԼļ˽⡣Ϳʯ飬Ҳ˽⡣
һƽҲ̫ˡ
ƽֻһֽѡԺˡ
ֻȻһЦûйĽ͡
ϵʨӳ֮æ죻ֺĽҲĿˣǻԼ棬Ĵ˾Ȼδı棬һľ޿Ƹǰ˾ҲΪ֮Ķ
ʳڻûȸֵĶ켼õͿʯҲֻ˷ѡǼǲƸʵǶǾԼġ
еһжѾ̤ˡ
ԼϱӴûҲ顣ߵһûʲôɲģԼͿԷѵӪһרעԼ书ˡ
ڣֻʣǼˣ
аԺӹһӰ
ɽȻΪ϶Ĵ󶼻³Ҫǣһ棬ҲΪһҪȥһ顣
飬ѵӪʱ򲻷ȥһļʵӦ÷ࡣ
ӥǰʱҲǸˣôˣϢ𣿡
˵仰ʱѹ˺ܶࡣ

ӥʶİһγѣ¶ɫ飬ڻɱС֮¡
ԴӺͶӥǸĸԺ⻹һΰȥ顣ӥҲرĿء
ӣ˵ѵӪеǸѧҰб̲ѰæˣѾ²鵽ĳӵĸоûд͢ȷʵ⡣
⣬ǰչ˵ĵطˡȻ֪ô£ѾԲ鵽ӦǺйء

һ£Щȡֻ֪Ǽ飬ȴû뵽ǣ浽ֲ档
ȷ𣿡
ɵ
ţֹˣһһӻܸȤ顣ӴŻ֪뿪ѵӪ֮󲻾ãһλҲ뿪ѵ
ӥԽ룬ͶǸԽȤ
ӥ֣ŵ飬±濴ͨҲô򵥡
Ŷ
һ⣬ԽˡʱֻŸϿ촦ڸ߾˺С£ûע⵽飺
˼ڸң˵ֻһ⣬һżȻ
ע鿴Ȼ͹һǰһ뿪ѵӪھ͹ȴ޽Ӧýֻһɺϡ
ӥ鼴岻ʣҲҪ˵ġȻǸ˵Ŷ̶һʱ䣬ӥ尲ԼѾ൱Ȥˡ
⣬Ǹ൱ĻھǸӵĽҵסüֻҹݺǻΧǷһ˼顣ǺǣǺ̫ܲƽиҹļһҹʱһֱûǸΧƺҪȥʲô
˵ӥ̲סЦ
Ŷ
ӥЩЦ˼
˵
Ǻǣӣ벻ǣȥҲ֪ˡ
ӥ΢Цŵ

кܶĹЩ廨˷⹫ԭҲǸͬΪӣս׿һۻеĵ¸أʵ۷ͣҲйĳʱʱ򣬾ĳλʵֻۣߺͻйס
֮ٶʱ䣬ȷʵǷ˲ٵĹУ൱һʷ⣬Ÿ񣬶ŹͷѾʵˡ
ǲӵϳֱʥǳ͢ǣɸǹķ»ʹ
Ĵڡ
ңͬǹȨͬҲŵȵġܵľͼһĴ»
ڣڸѾܵ͡
ϳҰ⣬ûر飬ע⵽ǡ
Ƭǽ߸ΧһȦǸߴïܵķǽ棬һݻͦεĸڡ
ˡ
ҹ˾һƬžֻһڰУֻ¹ſڵһܴܴ쳣Ŀ
ӥ϶𣿡
ӥѾһˣʲôҲû
Ǻǣӣİɡҹ۲ˣÿ춼ʱǰ漸ȵӦù۲Ĳˣ⼸ҲӦжˡ
ӥЦŵ
ౣౣ
˵ʱͻȻͷһ౵ĽһֻСǳͷԾ
ˣ
ֻѰСӥһϲͻȻ͵͵Ľһ

ͬʱһͻȻֳһӰ棬ӥ˵Ǹˡ
ٶȼ죬ֻһգۿӰһ㣬ͳھ˲Զĸǽ⡣


288 壡
ǽ⾲ĵģԭҹɫ˳֮ͻȻù
վڸǽ⣬Ե÷ǳ裬ûмڽȥվ⣬Ĵܡ
ҲǼʶݿ͵ˣǴʳݿ͡߾ݿͣǹ޵Ůݿ͡ͳͳûǰ˸˸оô֡
̫侲ˣΪִ¶侲Ǵӹ͸һɼµ侲ƺʲô飬˹ݲȡ
µܵˣҲ侲
ʣֻһϼ
֪ǲ
Ժһͷ˰׻ϵĳˡȻӥһֱʾӦþǸˡ
ǱϾûпĿûа취ȷϡҴϿҲϸ΢Ĳ죬֪ȫͬһˣ˵ֻʹĳָıķš
̫ӥҴ⣬ѹΣס˺ϢС㡣
ó˹Ϣȫëױɢһ
ˣ
ϢʱͻȻ䶸һǿҵıעӵĸоӿвݣ
ãˣ
͸͸صҶӥͬʱһ˫ĿڵķǶĹâ˶ʱһεĸо
һҲ̫˰ɣ
двйϢȫëѨһգ侳ǿ߶ѷ֡
ӥֱӾǽӽ侳ĸ֡
û뵽Ǳ˼ҷˡ
ӣȵȵȣ
ͻȻһֱֻ۴ӺӥɫأӺץס壬Ĵ˼
ţ
ڲʱ򣬶ͻȻһ
ౣ
ౣ
ܽȥھͷԶĵط
ӥֻС
ɲǼ䣬һʱӥ˼˿ĲǣͷӥѵֻС
ౣ
ౣ
Сͨ飬ƺӥ˼ϸС֦ԾΣͻȻ˫һڿնԶȥܿʧҹС
ǽ⣬˫۾ĿСʧҹУĿûͬһʱ䣬־Ҳʧ

忴Сʧķаһӥѵı¼ֱһ۶࣬ӥѰɼȸӡݺе࣬ѵǣΪá
ҲӥǳأҵһЩϢĽԭ
֡ǵ棬ʵģѵıҲ
ЩǿߣҲ뵽Щ·ѰɼȸǱ˵ĶĿࡣ
ಣ
һ࣬ƺȷΧȫ˽һݣ߸ԾͬһֻԳһ㣬Ϣʧĸǽڡ
ӣҪ׷ȥ𣿡
ӥŤͷѹ
ȻǱ׼𣿡
ŤͷЦ
ǺǣѵҲǵһˣӷģѾȫźˡȥˣǶʱָơ
ӥ֪ʲô΢΢һЦһɰ⡣
ѵȸҲǵһ죬ȻֻиոһֻСԴӵ꾭Сİʧܣķȫ߾˷֣ʮ꣬踺أܷͼǿѵķͼѺ͵겻ͬ
ڵѲپЩģܹ߷ɵӥࡢ࣬ھ·ЩľﳣСȸΪãϢ
ǿ߿Ҳ뵽һ㡣
ಣ
˴֦£һݣźʧĵطһϢϳǽ
ǽһ̨ͤ¥۴αȣл԰ˮءɽںڰһƬôһԷѾʧˡ

ӥ۾һѹͻȻָԶһ̨ͤ˳ӥĿ⣬忴һģĺӰɿһ£۾죬עⲻ
һﵽʲô
忴Զ˼ǸһﲻضĿ꣬ʲô
ӣҪȥ׷𣿡
ӥһȻûʵȨϾǵ滹вٵȥкܴĻʱ֡
⣬ǰǸСҲܣҪһֱ׷ֲô׵¡
վǽͷ
ȥ죬ҶҪ֪ǲУΪʲôҹܵһ
忪ڵ
飬ڷѵӪ֮ǰҪһҪŪ׵顣
Σգ㱻Ҳ¡
߰ɡ
ӳͷԾȥûоκˣĵź˵ķ׷ȥ
ӥЩʱ򷢻Ҫáøţʱ֪Ķ
һﵨ̫ˣҪʲô
˵Ʈһһһ·ȥӥԾ
Ͼǵô˽»Щֵġ
ﶼС˷ˣ˵ˡ
Ǹȴȫûһ˼ɡ
ƾǰ漸Ŀ̽˶ƴָƣʲôʱ򻻷ʲôʱߵȫһͺġ
ӥ֪ǲܵġһ·Ѿżνá᷿԰
еĶסĵط֮⣬طȥһ顣
ĽŲϢ侲Ŀ£ںҹͬĻһ㣬ַĵĺ⡣
ţ
ͻȻ֮䣬ӥסˣĿ⿴ǰһ
ôˣ
ӥߣо
ĹӾסĵط
ӥ
ʲô
廹ûӦ
Ӿסĵط
ӥĿ⿴ǰ

͵ŤͷڰУ͸ܽǣֻԶһ䷿ƻͨڰĵطȻͬĿ
ӥ˼ˣ󲿷ֺҹеˣᾡܹĵطһλȫûֹ˼ɡ
Ⲣġ
ӥ϶ӵס𣿡
ɫ
š
ӥ˵ͷӣҪȥ𣿡
ϣӥΪͬԼû뵽ǣȴȻɫ
ߣߣǸȦףٲ߾ˡ
ʲô
ӥһ
ôܣ
ѵȸһֱڸûзκ壬Ϊʲô˵һ塣
Ȼûнͣ˵仰һԾҴҵȥӥԥһ£ڻǸȥ
ԭ·ѸٵķأԾǽ뿪
ӣ⵽ô£
ǽӥһؾ̲ס
ӥûô򵥡Ҳ֪ûз㣬ǿ϶ʲôֻǳĹȥģ֮һԲκεջ񡣡

̫򵥡ȻѾʧƣϳʸûСÿֻԪڵʱ򣬿ȥʹȨӵܳһ١
ôƹôܼ򵥣
ӥ˵Ǹü츽û˷֣̫ˣ


289 ɱ
ಣ
뿪ûãһɧҴӸǽ洫ͻĶ˵ע⡣
ӣж뿪ˡ
ӥ˵ⷭʱӥ̲סԱߵ壬һľȡ֪˵ˡ
ӦǺܿ죬ôʶ˲ԣ
Ҳһ˿ɫ
ǰŲ뿪Ų뿪ֻҲûж˿Աˡ
ߣȥ
˵кһӥֱӳź뿪ķȥ

ಣ
˽Ȼ෴һ򣬹âһһӰ棬ӸǽԾ˳
ݺݵšɫףһֶû˵ֻһ˫۾ʹ޵ɫ
ʣж׵ʧˡ
ಣ
ͣ㣬䣬ѸٰԶȥ
ߣСӣ㻹𣿡
һЦâһһӰͻȻб˺ǰ
ɫ΢䣬ոҪתৣһӰһԾס˺˵ȥ·
ߣ˵£㻹ȥ
Ľ˶ĵطȴҲŽֻǻΧȥֹԷܡ
Ȼϴҹ£ϴɽǲ໹ҲӰȫЦƺѿӰ
ߣ˵𣿲˵Ϊ𣿡
Ϊ׵ʹЦϵıȹ
㣬գӪùˣȴӺүСӣүһʼ֪һ죬ǻᵽġ
仰һ˿仯ȴµıʹޡ
ٺ٣ѵӪǻû취ϧЩǲİȻͶ
Ϊ׵ĸʹЦ
ˣ
ʹ仰˶ɫһ䣬˫΢죬ͷųһɱϢͬ׺ݵҰһΣն¡
Ϊ׵ĸʹ󺺿ʼǺ覣Ӹ£èϷһǱôһƣ˾ͺһֻӬһĲ
СӣȻҡǲ֪ȻˣǾ͹ֲˡֵǣɣ
ಣĳźһһɲǼ䣬˵ǰ桢桢桢桭ƽճֵһͻȻ֮䲻Ĵĵط˳Χס
ণ
ھϷԶĵطһԽСһֻèһĳӥչᣬỬŴӿ¡
ˣ˸㡣ĸӶӲġԻǷɡ
Ϊ׵ĸʹһ˺һɣȥ͵һ߶סһ񶯳ѸٷʧҹС
ֻӥʧҹͻȻʲôȴκα顣
ﬣ
ĺ˼䣬וּһγһѵжԼ̬ȡ
֪
Ϊ׵ĸʹ󺺲ȻŭһӣһϢĸЦԾ˳
ˣԸСõôˣͿˡ
δ䣬־һ¡һɰһŭһϱ
ಣ
Ȼ˳Ծ鷢˳ֵͬʱͻȻһԾ˷ȥ
¡˵Ƥ£һɰģȫϵɽ鱬һɣͻȻ˵ڱһ𱬷ģһȦҫ۵ɫ⻷
¡ɳʯ䣬ʽȻͬ·ͷһ㣬кݺݵײһ𣬴Ĵ磬ܵľú졣

ʯ䣬˻û׹ô£оһĲҽС
ֵսֻǶ̶ʱھͽˡ
еĳĵطĸ֣һݴأӺ¶
˵˫ֻơȴ·𵶽һ㣬Ĳֵš

ţΧͻȻһƬţ
ϵ󣬵ſϷȫʧһɲǣ˶оһɳǵĺ⡣
һΣͷ¶ͷڽ棬ʼնһԵϣ˸оһĺ
û˼͵Ĵ򷨣һҪֳƴԼˣҲһҪɱ֡
ȻԼҲˣ˶֪ǸһˡΪĴۡ
ͣ
ֵ⣬侲Ľ˫ֳĸִ۾·ľ׮֮Ȼءһֹ˫ݴţࡣ
ɱ
Ϊ׵ĸʹ󺺿һĻɫȻɱһΣһˣ˶ˡ

ӣ죬ǴԽԽˡ
ӥȻǰͬʲôҲкܶϢȻֳȴĿһ㡣
˲٣ƶ
Ŀˣ
һˣ

ڰУӥ䣬ǰ·ϵͨǰϢ˵ʵȻӥѵӣӥЩԣһҲͨżֻһֻСǰţУ񶯳
ЩпȫǺͨදӥȴǸַḻԡ
ǿЩԣӥʼĿȷ׷ں档
ףȻһֻӥ
ӥͻȻһ½Ų
Ҵˣû뵽Ȼ׼ҾȻڸȲһֻӥӣ˵ˡȷʵǸ壬ȻȾ֪˻
ӥЦǻӥġһӺ͸ȸ򽻵֮ǰΧգû˵ġĿ
Ȿսϵӥһ˹
ӥԺܿ϶֮ǰϵ¾ûôһֻӥ
ֻͻȻֵĴӥǴϷɳġ
黹ûзȲغһֻӥȵ·ʱٷųȥ׷ԵԽԽˡ
ӥڷ֣ºԼȫͬ
ˣɵֻӥɡ
ӥ˼
Էһֻӥնң˾ܲˡңԷһֻӥҲ¶Լвء
⣬źŰɡ

ǣӡ
ӥٺЦţһ֮ӡ̽䣬ӥȻͳһֻĽɫС
ֻСţ۾ϵë·һ㣬ͺʱҪȥһͲѰȸ˽ԡ
ӥӴѾһʱˣ֪ϻôһֻС񣬸оӥϻкܶܡ
ণ
ɫСſͻȻһȫ岻ȡһݣ৵һ¾ʹӥз˳ȥ嶼ûôʧġ
ųֻСӥٴǰ׷ȥ


290 պɽ
Ѫ
﷢򶷣
ںս⣬ӥͣдѪ򶷵ļӿݣ˲٣ľмɵĵǡ
ֹǴ򶷣ˡѪˮ̫࣬ĳѪ
ӥվżһκۼⲢ˵ѪڵϽɵġ
ʧѪԷ㲻ֻҲԶˡ
ʬѾˡ
˵ͷͬжϡ˿飬κ֪ʬڵһʱˡ
ֻΪʱ̴٣Ҫ׷ɱԷԲûüʱϵѪʹ򶷺ۼ
ţ
ͻȻĿһһݣ䵽ֵرԵȥʱѾһɫɽ
Сӵģ
ӥҲ˹ɽŨѪˮг˵ǣ
СӶѪˣ˲ᡣ
ҹǱļһˡο˻ǹӽرȥ顣
ȻΪʲôȥˣӥǸоóӺѷǵС
û˵Ѫɽ˼
߰ɣ
͸Ѫζĺɫɲӵ˵ǰȥ
ڶǸһĹϵԽԽˡ
Ǹһ뿪ѵӪҹʱüƺѰʲô
ʲôġԴ˵̬ҲȫһҹǱԼϵС͵̬ȡ
ƺж֮ǰѾǰ֪ˡǰ׼һ壬һֻݷڸľӥԼһֻʱǴݣ׷ɱĸֶ顣
û飬һ֮õ
Ժһͷǰȥ
ӥҵȸڲϵĴϢǰ棬ԽԽءȻԼӡеǸһյʡ͵ĵƣһ·ΧܵѾ˵⣬սҲŲ˶ˡ
Ҫˣ
ˣʣ
ץס

ԶԶģһܻںıըдǰۼ˲
һӥӿǰȥ
ص֣һ۾Ϳһɱڵ׳ЩȻ봩Ķ·鷢չڣһ۾ͿóЩ˶Ļ֡
Ⱥ˵İΧ֮Уһɫ԰ףֽȻڵϡ
촽ðѪʪɫҹ±ǲ׿Ѫɫģڣ嶼ֱܷճѪ
ϣǽˡǲǽֻǼ򵥵ĵô򵥣ܶƣǴ壬ǰ󶴴еĵطͷ¶֮أͨˣ֧Ųסʹιȥˡ
ǸûС
ڵϣɫ侲侲˺¡κ˶ֵز
ˡ
϶оһ
侲ֱ˾߿Խᡣ

һȺȴûע⵽ӥĵͷΪ׵ĸʹ󺺴˿ȫ񶼷ǰϣջ
һ˱Ѿڹǽסˣû뵽Сһɱ˰ΧȦӲıɱ˲ˡ
ѻ
ϣɱɱ
˭ɱСӣͣ

Ϊ׵ĸʹеȻΧһȺĸȻɱڣ˭Ҳûǰ
Ϊ׵ĸʹˣβŷӦʱȻŭ
ȥȥȥЩ쵰СѾ;ĩ·ˣǻʲô
Ϊ׵ĸʹһߴȻΧ˱Σһ׷ܣƫƫ˭Ҳȥ
Сˣ;ĩ·֧Ų˶ˣ˭֪ǼѾ˵ȥֵܡ
ؼǣÿСӿҪӣƫƫȥֵʱӲɵһһֵܡ
ͣšƴɡ˲ûмǴûôӵġ
ѾǼ򵥵ĴˣǺηѹ֣ûʲôίߣһ
СÿζǿŲˣÿζƴˣǰͱݴڸȻһɵ֡
һ˫Է壬˵ķʽɵġ
սڣ˶ѾףϬʲôһ˫ȭͷ
⣬첻ˣöԸֵܣڵˡ
£˭Ȱ֡
쵰
Ϊ׵ĸʹ󺺲Ȼŭ৵һ³ϵĳҪͻȻоһУ
ˣˣ
һɲǣɴ뷡
ҹ£ֻһӰŰɫ£ɫżϢ籩һ㣬ԳԽ侳ĸӶ
˺Զľ룬ҲܸоϵҹӴ
ÿ
Ϸ̤¡һȫÿλ
Ŀ䣬ΪɲĸҲŷ̤£
£ɫ԰ף·ֽһˣڿ侳ֵɲǣڲһ£ͻȻ˲١
ߣ
ĳŶʮңĽ˶ǳǿơһΧȻȻΨհ
պɽҲΪȻ֣Ҿôаɡ
һڵ˵֡棬ҹģǱˣѵӪ׻ϣͬסһպɽ
㰲ݷݣԹԵѵӪġպɽҲ㡣㼴ȻҪǾ͹ֲˡ
£պɽڵϣʲôҲû˵ֻڵϣĶŶ
ѭӦˬһ죬ҪΪ鸶۵ģ
պɽͻȻڵ˵仰ָԭ侲һﲻĿ

仰׵ļŭ
ȻôҾͳȫ㡣ɱ
ˣ
һ䣬ɫĮ꺮侳֣ͻȻһֱָۣţȻץµպɽ
ָҹ£ɢ㵶ĺâ
ס֣
Σʱ̣һͻȻд˵ע⣬侳֣
¡
ؼʱ̣һӰ绢Ⱥ볡Уǧһ֮ʣبպɽǰɱһС
˭
侳ɫһ䣬˹
ʲôˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ĿҲֵķ
ʱ̣Ӧ˲ŶԵġ
֣ôˣ
˳һ۴׷·һصպɽɫѿѡ
ȻѾֹˣǶߵĸһöûСδӥպɽǾȲˡ
㵽ʲôˣһʲôϵ
߳壬ɫ廹Ҫѿ
Ǹһϵش˺ܳʱ䣬ŵȵͶ׽
Դӹˡ
ʧӦ˿ȫԤУ
һɲǣһ˿ɱ


291 ֲ£
ӣΥˡ壬ǰ֮֮ӣ
ԹɫҲ˵һӹȥһӲӵӡ
ʶĽסֻƳһۣʱɫ
ǰûм壬˵ĽȦӸûκνھ˭֪ҵļһա

Ѿû˸ôˣˣĹЩҪĽһŹ
û뵽ҹʱ֣ͻȻ߳ȻǾŹ֮Ǹǰʱ佫ֵ÷зӡ
ô
ɫ̩Ȼһ·߹꣬ж˲ɵɫ
Ȼûз⹫ȴҴĽĽŵڣ۵λ˿
֣ôܳŵס𣿡
ȴûɫӵԼݣʩʩȻĴȺŴ£ڵϵպɽȥ
Ļպɽ
λδ֥졢溲ثּ󽫼˲ţĵġ
δƺһƫƫ
ϱӣպɽԸ䡢°ȺѵľµһܶԷĲжôӲҲȫ
УƧȺҲǳġ
ͬΪѵӪͬŶûʲô˵ˡ
ûѣҲκ˺
Ǿôһˣÿȴǻضʱ뿪飬ھǵĳط
սҵʱҲûб
Ǹһ㣬ӥȥġ
ֻҲû뵽ȥȻ鵽ͷϣҾȻôһĻ
Լ֣պɽҪ
֮ǰȫûԤϵġ
巢֣Լпʼ̫һˡ
֣һ˵
ߵ£ӻͳһöָ˵˹
պɽӲûнݹ˵һǧ֮ӡ
ֻһ˫ӹӰʱȻ̲һ˿׾ľȡ
ʣպɽû뵽һʱΣʱ
Ȼһ㶼û䰡
ȻһЦһ㶼⡣
Ȼڰ׻סһ䣬˸£˴˲̫顣
պɽϢһ˲󣬴첻ʧˣҲǺŻ
˵Ȼסһ𣬵˴ĻٵĿ
£պɽԸƽ޹ʽĺôŹ֡
ӣҴˣǷһΣ
عͷŵ
Һңǵ۶Ȩײ㡣ԼѾݣھ͵ں򽻵
ҵĹһˣľԼļ壬һײԼĳŵ
ţԼһŵӦñպɽҪӦòھܾԼ
幫ӣˡҶ졣ˡպɽǵ۾Ӧú͹㲻ʲô顣幫ֺη˽ǡҸнΣһҪȥϣܹ֮
Ԥϣԥһ£Ȼ˵һȻ£ȻԸպɽ
üͷ̲֮࣬סͷֿһڵϣɫ԰׵պɽ
ԽҪץ
ɲǶԴһС̬ȣһ֮䵽ʲô
ˣѣԸһˡҲӣҺѵӪ׻ϣסһ䡣ɽҲǷ֮סһסһֻǣ첻ӰŹһңû뵽顣ӣҵıϣʹ˽ҹˡգ¶
巴ӦҲͰүү˵Լүү롣Ͳţùӡ
ƨ֪֪СɱǶˣǼֵڻڵأôһ仰˵߾Ҫߣ
һĻ̲סͻȻ
ţ
۾һУĿ΢ʱͬգڵǰǸֺе˵ӡ
棬ľǽŵڵҡ
һŵڵĹӺһƹĹӽ̸˲ķݻ
Ҳóȣ˵޷档ֻǰĿ⿴Ŷ
£˵ķ𣿡
ȻһɣҲЩҲסȡһڨڨæ˻ȥ
幫ӣһô𣿡
ǰ˼۾壬Źκһϸ΢ı仯
ʲôŹĿˣ˵Ļһֶš
ǳСģǺʵġ
ھ֪˫֮ǲǻת徵أǲǷǵôСӲɣ
ҲѰң飬ʲôӦΣ
飬˵ɲѰ⡣
ӣҾѾ˵ĺˣұߣ
ָŵϵպɽ
ҹɲΪպɽġ֮ʲôϵպɽˡ
幫ӣߴˡ񲻶ɣ
һЦͻȻǰ
˵ʱĿĿӥ岻Զֻһӽ侳ĸ֡
ߣָ־
ʵڲʶʱĶֻӶӲˣ˵Ǿˡ

⻰ɴЦ̬޿֣
ӣ㲻ôɡҹһˣûκε׼һܵ𣿡
ˣ
ⷭڰ಻סˡĻڰ˸֣ô첻ԸԸ⣬˶ûߵġ
٣ʲộôԶòס
ҿɲʲôһҴ塣
ҲŹڳҰӰ죬Һ֮ĽˣκҪ֣ضԴġ
ڵҺڳ͢ʱ򡣱Ұǵ
ⷽ棬ȫܱȵġ
Ĳ˵ķŭͲԳܵġ
˵ģҪ˼ˡ
Ǻǣǲ𣿡
Ŀⶴһٳٲɿھ֪ʲô΢΢һЦֱ𣬴˸ơ
ಣ
һǰĵϣ˼Ľż⣬βڿвݣ
ֻжʱȥɫѿ
û뵽Ȼû˵ѣб֧Ѿ˵ˡ
Ҫôպɽȴ
Ϊ˵ȴСͶǻ˴ʱ䣬ľòײŰС찣ô׷ˡ
ҪǣǼǾ¶ˣ
ܹĸʡ
ڶҲǣҲǣһʱߵһȺ֣ѹȡ

Ծʱ򣬻һƿһֻѩ׵ӥ˴ų򣬴ҹз
ͻȻıʶʱ˵ע⣬Ҳ˹ȥ
ӥģһֱֻֻۣӥֱϡ
һ飬ʹӥ׳Ƚϳһż


292 պɽ
еż㣬һɫ˺ܶࡣ
幫ӣҸһ仰Ұøߡܱ֤ܲ鲻й¶һȥ
ֽĿȴ塣
Ȼ
ҲЩ⡣룬Ļץպɽܲע
ġ֪ô֪ԻظԵʲôҲûзԲʲôȥ
ĿֻǾպɽģķ롣
ţСԴˡ⣬幫ӣϣסո˵Ļǳ
˵ͷһӣȻ˵һȺתߡ
ôɾ䣬嶼סˡ
ʮһʧӰ٣ϵʬ嶼ȫˡ
øɴ֣֣࣡֡ãӥס
һתͷͿպɽһɣֱͦͦ¡
һߣΣպɽǸɿҲֲסˡ
պɽιһöҩȻӥæҡ
պɽƿѾˣƣء
һɣ岻ͣѪ
ôصƣһ»ûˡһιŴָʮƽһöĹ͢žȻ
ȶס֮ģպɽȻһǿҵϢʹָٶȱһ˿˺ܶࡣ
Լ֮պɽƺһѹ
ˣ
忴Ųϵպɽ¶һ˿Цݡһѹˡʹ廹治֪ô졣
δĵ۹󽫣
ּָҪǾôˣǴƾ޴ʧ
ǹţ
忴Ųϵպɽа
ְʮദˣʮߵǰ󶴴ݴ˷θ
ʮߵУʮһصΣġ
ƣ˶ôĿġ˵ˣû㲻ˡպɽȻˡ
ֹˣʱ䣬ʹϼε״ָ̬ͨ˵ĳ̶ȣһڼԾ˵ٶȻָ
˵һϱӣ嶼û
һܹΪѵӪ߳ȥİٽ֮У貵ļ֮һԲûԭ
ϣԻźܶܡ

պɽʵӴϳɫ侲ûһ˵ֻźͲ
ѵĵһۣպɽ侲ĴܣȻ˵ôһ仰
Ҽǿʱס᷿
΢Ц
лл
պɽ˵ͷ˵һ仰Ȼֻ֣˽⣬Ѿļˡ
պɽָ䡢ƧԸܶ˵ллѾ൱ˡ
ΪˣԼΨһ˵ֵˡ
պɽ˵Ǹ֣ڴϣĿһ
ɫ԰ף廹ʮȫԶ
ϢɡʲôҪʱ֪ͨҡ
ҡҡͷԸҲ˵ţ˳ȥ
ӣӣˣˣչӲһ뿪ˡ
ǰŲ뿪һʱ̵Ѿ徾ʹҴҵ˽
жˣ

Сյ蹦ˣס
Ѿۿͨ죬öˣһ˵ţһһָָ档

üͷ֪պɽ뿪û뵽ô졣Ųһʱ뿪ˡ
պɽȻ˵˺ܶ࣬ǾµߣжԶңˣʲôҲˣٱ˶ϣǾ鷳ˡ
պɽԸˡ
ҪôЭˣϱҲˡңСյĹȻ̫ãҲ㹻߳ҵĴˡ
˳ӿһ˴ϣ˺ããﻹҵõ
ǷԸ񰡣һ㶼ԸǷ˼ҡ
ҡҡͷип
ˣ޹ءȥɣ
˰ֵ
һֱҪԸպɽǼȻˣҲͲٶԸ
պɽȻˣڷûʲôΣա
ˣӣλչӻһֽ
ҵѾͻȻʲôæһֽǱֱŵӣвɰЦ
С÷ǰɣ
ͻȻ
ǣǣӣǵң
Ѿһľ档븮в£ոΪ黹ܵ𷣣ûൽԼҹӻǵԼ֪Լ֡
ǵòŹ֣
ʧЦϱӾС÷ʱԼ˲ٻֻ֣ǿϧȴ¡
С÷Ժ͸Ұɡ

ӡðɣ
С÷ߺ죬һŤ
һ뵽ȥˡ
嶼һĺ˼붼ˣֺֺһﻹһıֱţԼӡеǸ÷Ѿͷ
˵Ժ͵ҡæ˲赹ˮЩӵ¡

ԭ
С÷׹ˡܿͰһԺ󣬻ȸԾ
ӣԸ⣬Ը⡭
ŮֵӣоԼеķն˺ܶࡣ
Ůȥ৵һ¶պɽµֽ
Ƿһ飡
ֻôӲһ仰ëдģʼⷢ棬Գһ׺һ֪Գպɽֱʡ
ǣȻϰ
ЦЦеֽһš
պɽ°ľǧ֮⣬һͲô򽻵ȻǳмģֻǲԴǶѡ
ҪȻҲֽˡ
һˣһиרʣ罻ϰ֢
պɽȻһˡ
˰ﵽףͷ͵Ȼ֪ѣ԰㵽װɣ
ԺǽһۣЦ߿ˡ
о仰˵⡣ڷʱպɽʵѾҪˣֻǰڹƧԸ񣬳˵ڶѡ
ӻ԰뿪ӥ
ʲô𣿡
̴ΣֱߵĲ裬һʵ
ǰպɽȻʱѾӥȥˡֵպɽðΣҹ̽ıضС¡
ֵϵҺҲһҪɱģҲԲʲôС¡
պɽ˵ǲԸ
ֻԼȥѰҴ𰸡
ߣҵ˴𰸣⿪յףܰպɽ⿪ļϱû顣
ΪһλģԶһ棬һĵ۹󽫣
ӣ⼸죬ҵˡȻϢصĺϣǴǿУһԼһ¡һŮܵĺϣƽԺȣר͹ȥ˿⡣
⣬ĸǰŮûκԭͻȻתˡǴε鷢󣬸Ƕ˵պɽҹ̽ΪǸŮ
ӥ
ĸǰǲѵӪӪպɽ׻ӣ
ü˼
ӣһָоϢ²ô򵥡
ӥͷһ˼
ʲô˼
ҸоϢųġΪûô飬׾͵õˡǸϢŮʲôʲôպɽʲôϵЩؼϢͳͳûСڵĹأһڡ
ʲô˼
Ը˵ҲҪһšȱһʵмˣ̸̸
ӥ
һ˼죬պɽȻߣȻʹᡣ
ŻųһЩϢЩϢҲһǻ̽ӡ
ųһЩϢȴų̫ࡣ
⣬ЩϢԸֱӸԼΪЩݡԲŻҪһرģλܸߵмˡ
ȻͨĿԼ
ȻЩӣǡǡϲȨײճȦӣȻҲס
˵ǹ˼үүȨ
ж۲졣
Ѿ֪˭̽صʵˣ


293 պɽϵܣ
κӣϽɽһˣ
һֻӴҵĸڷգѵӪȥŸϾֻôһ仰
ĩβżϼһƷεī֭ӡǡ
κ˴֮ǰԼźš
мˣûбκõˡͬΪƹκκСĳͣʤ
κҲȥ
ңӵܣѾ󣬲ǰ竹ӣκҲȥӵˡ
ˣ
ѵӪĻźܿˣɷ裬˵ޱȡд֡
κ鷨޳󣬺еһƴ
ŸɹʱκѾ·ˡûΪʲôҲûʲôС
壬κȫֻҪһкϾ͹
ֵܡ
壬ң
ӽʱ֣κһ·糾ͣҵĴţͷϵĺû·ֱ鷿ȥ
ôֵҿɣϵıǣʮ𼱣ҿɲ͹ˡ
κվڷſڣ˫ֳſ죬˷ܵĺٺֱ֡
ɽ֪ˡ
һֵܣʶҲǵһˡκҴģ϶ǳʲôˡ
ҪȻ岻Լ
ʮûУҪ鵹һ׮
ЦЦС󣬲ǰǽϲľκԸ
߲嵶ϻ
׻պɽǵ𣿾ǺסһǸ
忪żɽͰԼĹպɽϢһһ˳

κţԹԵĺһˮҲľȣ
ھ൱͵պɽôϹϵ
׻Ǹ顱֪ܲǣҲܲô򽻵ܶ˿ԶԶıܿ
κû뵽ԼҹȻΪ
Ҳ֪ģҲҰйҪԭȥԼһĴӣҪ֪ﵽô¡

ã齻ˣǼҺ΢ЩҰȥ̽̽
κ˵ߡ
κǰʱ뿪屾Ϊܿͻû뵽һֱҹκ𩶼ûг֡
ȥֻ̽˵κԼҵĹӣھ¥Χ˭Ҳý˭Ҳܳ
ӣҪȥһʱԣδҲ̫˵ɣ
鷿ӥվǰڵ
ˡӽ£κκãǱ߲ôġ
󣬻˻֣ɵ
˲ã˲ɡ漰۹Ĵ壬ңġ
Ȱɣġ
˵仰۾
ʱ仺ȥʱ֮ͻȻһɧ洫˻ûǴһ̾Ĵɤš
壬壡˼飬˼鰡֪ʲô𣿡
κŲҴңӥͬ£һ߽鷿ںڰҲԡ
ѵӪһ·ٵ¥Ĺ̸ҹκ𩲻ûƣʮ㡣
Ĺ˵ʲô𣿡
徫һһɨգһָָŶĿλʾκ¡
壬֪պɽʲôˡáһȻһã
κһ̾
ӥһۣǴΪ⡣
κӣ㲻˵ǿŮѹơҵλչӵãǿɣȻΪ´ȥɱλչӣ
ӥ
Ȼκһӽģʱִ٣ûü˽⵽ʲô
ٺ٣ӵܣȨǿŮϷǾͺˡ±⸴һٱ
κٺЦ˶ȣ˹ӡ
ѵ𣿡
ҲûСӵһǷӡ
ٺ٣֪ɡ˵㣬֪֪ӦǸպɽ
κ׳Ϣʯ쾪
ôܣ
۾һĳԾ
֪պɽ϶κ˵תۡرǿǵ˵͸ˡ
ıܷӦǲš
κ𩣬ô£Ӽϸϸ˵Ҫˡ
ֱ
ڸоԼ´պɽܡܹ⿪ܣ˵ܳ׵İպɽͨ۹󽫵ĵ·
ϵǱȫ޹˼ɴﵽǰûдﵽĸ߶ȡ
ٺ٣˵ǸһŤŤ˵˰춼˵Ϊպɽ˵ʲôԼй˳
˵棬κûҼӣͰھ¥飬ԭԭ˵˳
պɽһĶԹ׷ǰƸڻʵ۱ϵʱ
պɽһ޲ûɱԷǰȴõѡ
պɽҲʲôˣԭԭľʿ
ڻʵһǺӹ֮ʡ
书˵Բʲôʥ֮ӱȲõõʥʱ¡
ڻʵʣǼ֮ǰΣվͿ
һθգԹȥպɽշʱ֣ҽΣա
շ˭ҲûߣΨһѡҲһϡ
ʵеˡ˱˵ľ֮Ҫһ
ֻڻ֮УԺȻշϳ˾ˡ
ټշλһʱ̰֪ϴˣڷ⹫ջ£ð˴¡
պɽ游շȫڹһ֪
ȵ֪ʱ򣬴ѶշλΪľѳۣͬʱֺ¶Ȼշؽ
һֱԷΪѣ裬ʱΪܴ衣ȻշλĹⲻȥǽ˳
շǷ߶
պɽһĶԹԴӱշôܳ裬߶ӵܵˡ
Ȼ˹˾ֵ˳͢Ͼʵ۽ԣϴˣҲֻǽʹ
ȻշĶһЩܡ
ôᣡ
Ҳ͸ûлˡ
շĶʧܣ˾ʦԼ־ԼĶӣҲպɽ
Ѿǵˡ
ռǱ߽Լ־ȥʱʱ̲̿𡣶һҲûԴУͬ鴫
ȻԼһϾԴУ˰ѵԼӡ
ǱҲͬһЩ顣
֪ǴõϢȻҵպɽֵصĵطһպɽõ°˹
պɽ֪ʱʲôɽϣӹһ١
ץãҲûôǺóԺúȵĴţҲ䱸רŵѾ߷̡
жɣʵɽ滹Ҫõöࡣ£û˶ʲôа
ͷҲܼ򵥡
ȻҵԩעⲻˣǾʡպɽ˼ɵҲԷֹǰһЩ顣
ռҺһҲǵԩҡĵλΪշ
ҲЩڼ͵ϸϸҲûбҪŮôô
൱޷
һУκĶģ


294 ѵӪ
벻ȻģֲϱպɽƺᣬʼճΪ˲˶һĵ۹󽫣Ϊʧ
κ˵Ļ˳ĳĬ
պɽЩǰкܶۡ䣬ʹġ
вܣоϡ
ٲϲҲϣպɽ·ǳзվĵطµзǧߵĴҲԿȻ
ֻҪպɽ£ֻҪպɽվʿ;η壡
Ǹããʿ˵պɽԶȫġ
еʿͬˡ
պɽҲʵʿŵԡ
ǿ֧һսˣ
һֵ𾴵ˣһľˣһ۹Ĵ󽫣
Ȼûܹߵһ
˵պɽѶʱҲǳ˸еġ
ҲһһҪ취պɽԭѵӪ棬պɽҲı˵ˡ
ЩȴǲΪ˵Ҳġ޷Ҳȥ˵
ٺ٣һǻ˵ҾͲȫ˵ߣǼҲġ⾩ôã֪ҵλôġ˲ܰ
κţһм
Ըֵܡѣһţһ仰ԵɶʣֱӾʹѵӪˡ
һ·˼ʱ˵ͰȥԼҵĹӡ㵽ƣһԹԶûС
κԸľֱֵܣ̰Ľֵܵˡ
Щ˺˵塣û˵Ҳ±Ͼ漰˸ڱ¡ܵġҲһҲ˵Ϊʲôô͵
һʳָû졣ƵĹ٣󲿷ȱ󣬶ѡ˵͵Զãܱ
ЩܱĹУҲǳ͵ġڸǽһȦ
ھʦˣҲи֪Ĵڡ
Ҳصġ
һĹپĲЩ֪˲ࡣǳӦ֪ġ
ֻΪܻڣûѡ
һԼҲ֪Żѡ쳣͵ķʽ
ȻǺͬһ˵ĻҲûеҵĶԹ游£˻ѾˣһѾǵˣ͵鲢ûֱӵĹϵ
ңպɽүүȻ߶ĸȴġһĳɱбʵ𡣡

պɽ²ô롣
κ
Ǽ£ĵģӦûһ¡ңһ˵Ǽ٣ίߣʵķǣиĹ֮ģǺܿͻ֪ñ
ӣһҪʶȥñʡԥһ£Цһֳ˻
ӥдô
ͻȻŤͷһӥ

߰һγѣܿһɻ
дʣ
κֱӵ
ΪǰҪдϢһʱ֣Ի԰ɡ
ӥЦá
ԼλСʲôãʲôʲôΨһ֣дĺѿʵ޷⣡
ŹǴడ
Ȼ֪ӥʲôԼҲΣæ˸תƻ⡣
⣬ĥīӥǰдӸҵĴӡһҵĻֱ
֮򽻵ʽʽŸ롣
ӸҵĴӡǲдģĶҡ
źܼ򵥣ֻһݡ
ҵ壬ϣܹպɽãҲ°ߵŮҡ
˵Ǽ٣ʱǸŮȻһ֪ȷʵܵŰҲΪ
պɽһĳǲݣûء
ȻڵպɽһЦδպɽӵ
ǸŮ赣ȷʵܵ˺ܺõĶԴô˵û˵ѣ黹пΪ
żͳȥһ֮һŮӾʹ˳ȥ
ûмǸŮΪǸŮɻֱ͵ѵӪ
Ůһ͹ȥģƽԼһš
ƽˣȴˡ
ǸŮӳѵӪҲƾˡ˭Ҳ֪ȥ
ˣ¸ˡû˵ѣȷʵûпǸŮ
վ˸
ҲǺ޵ޣԭġԼҵպɽҪǸŮҲܸñһЩ⡣
Լĳɣ

粻ڣִڵңǳӣ
֮صԼ¥ԼĳԼл⡣
Ҳôһˡ
ӣһǲסҵЩӥûпһ壬ô֪ģ
һнվҵͥԺųǰһƬƬԺˮأӥ̲ס˵еɻ
һ죬ǰһ㣬ʵҲǻᱻֵġ
ǽں͸ǽȫͬ硣
屻ڸǽ棬ҲԶ˵û¡ϾþŹӣΪʲôڡ
Լû˵
ƫƫ˻ǰΣգ˶һء
ǺǣӥѵġӥȸʵѾܴˡЩȸ۾ġ
΢΢ЦѾǺüǰˣӥڻڻȻǳǹҡ
ӥҲ֪Լ֮ʶĹϣԭ
жٶʷһȨӵܷǳࡣû˿ȫʶǾ죬ٻЩţǵһЩ飬Ƴôһۡ
͵
һ൱͵ˣǼҵļӶĳЩ൱ĸߵܳκȥǸֻǹӣ߳еʱ򶼴˲ٵĻ
ߵЩЩӵߵĻ겻ͬĸ֣֣˵ĸоڷʲôԴҲ

ӥ˵ͷߵ侳ǿߡ
⼸֣ţǴ粽롣͹ӻʱҲһš
κǱߣʱҲһ
һ˵Ǵһû
Ȼ˿Ҳû뵽Щһ㶼ûҵˣڷ˱ˡ
պɽ
˵죬ӵķеƹȴһûСֳжҪ侳ǿߵˣôܻſţȻѾ˵ˣȷӵķӣôֻһֿˡǾǸһ塣룬պɽҹ̽ȫ֮Ҳδ̫ԻҲͿ϶
ʵ죬Ҳ൱졣һȷӵķ䣬ûκԥʱˡ
ЩȴӥЩӥȸܹóġ
һ˵ھ˵˻ЩҲǺô
ӥ˵ⷭһ˦߳˳ȡҵĴţһš
߰ɣ
Զŵ˵һ˳
һˣҲ÷ѵӪˡ
ĺںĵط


295 İף
ѵӪȺɽͣѵӪıԵһͨӪڵıؾ֮ϣһӰƮƮ͸һɹζ
ԶԶȥһɽԲƺȴʲô
֣
ɽһۿľôһպɽվƺѾкܳʱˡ
лл㣡
պɽվɽ±Եһûкǿ˵֡
û𣿡
漴׹֪պɽΪöǲ¶һ˿Цݡ
պɽԸǸĲˡ˭ǰ⸱Զӡˣ巢֣ڵպɽÿһμоɫ滺˲١
Ƿһ飬Ƿһ
պɽ
ʲôҪ󣬾ܸߣǵɽ𺣣ҵҲһ
Ϊֹĸպɽ˵һ仰һ仰պɽƺ˺ܾá
һԣһޡպɽײǷ飬ŵˣҲһҪ
仰պɽȻ˼˺ܾòľ
պɽǷˡ
Ƕİȫ޷ܾġԲںԼȴܲںԼá
Ψһˡ
û˵ôأ
һ漴Цպɽǿ˺ܾðˣԼûʲôġ
˵ʲôҪģ룬廹һ
뱨ҵĻֻҪӦһҪͿˡ¤имɽĵطҴӦңʲô㶼ԲܿǸط
Ī
պɽ漴һ˦תȥ
ŵҪȻûκ塣Ȼ岻Ը˵Ҳ޷ǿ
պɽܿʧѵӪķ
忴ıӰʧԶǵЦȥӹһ˿ɫ
պɽ֪ʵ˵ġ
ȻܸǸĬĬţ֪ĸطļɽպսĵط
Ǹطڻмɽպ󣬾ͽɽ
ôսϣûжսСɽǸطӳˣ
պɽǴһ󽫣

˿Ժǰȥ
ѵӪֺģ뿪ʮ죬ѵӪڿ֡һųһУС
䱸սսס
мһֻ۾ˣϰһ۾ˣ۵
࣬͹ѵʮĿ׽ԡ
Щһжһ壬ַǳ֡
еҲԿԵ񽣣ľľ۵۽ͭͭԼıС
ԽʵʵԽǿѵʱΣҲԽ
ѵӪӪĸ£ѾԳӰ
ѵӪа
ʼѵӪֻһɽͷѡڣѾԳǰˡ
ᴩ˴ѵӪûзסתһۣӰ׻¾һȥ
ѵӪڵǰ׼ҲӪĲˣڣӦýһжˡ
ӣ
ɽϣһӰĵţ̬Ϊά
Ծ䡢ׯƽΤ˼²á֪߷塢ҡһˡ
ͨɸ봫õϢĵš
һɫࡣ
Ҳƽʱ֣صĶࡣ
ۡӵһ쿪ʱǾע⵽ˡȻû˵˶֪ҪʽѵӪԼİˡ
ˣӴԺԼˣҺͬһϡ
ۣȺ֣
˸һͬ˵Ҷͬһڣͽͬ塣ٴһ㣬ͬ
һ飬ͬһʦ̵ģǾͽͬ
뿪˼ţͬ˵Ҷһط⣬Ӧͽͬ硣
ȵҵгɣ˹٣˾˳͢£ͬŵ˵
ÿ˶ԼȺ塣
Ⱥ壬˱
ҴĵӡӼġׯƽͳΤ˼СĿȾϤˡ
˱Ȱ壬Լжˡ
׼𣿡
忴ȥԾ䡣
ɽûд䣬ǰԾϱӾսѺͲ¡
ⷽ飬ȻҲϤϤ
׼ˡУξǰΣ˻еװѾȫɡ͵ŰӰš
Ծ
ͷ֪˵УξԼĹø֡
ɽϵڰԼš
кһǰںһɽȥ䣬ԶԶģͿһ̻Ի͵Ժ䴣ɽ
£еյһƬӲӵģۼ
ĸµĽװޣڰ׻ϵԺȫ깤ˡһķܶԴݻ
ˣ
忴£ɾԺ䣬г˿
Ҫһһڳԣ·Ҫһһߡ
ӽѵӪڣڿԿʼԼļƻˡ߲ԶѵӪӵ۹Ľš
Щˣÿһǵ۹ĲƸÿһ˶Ϊá
ͳ˧ŻټЩüõĽǣ۹
ڣҲԸı˵Ļʯ
¥߰ٳߣδ˶סطģ
ӣ
һ·ɽۣӭ
ԺĽ깤Ѿһʱˣ⻹һε˴ɫĴŽȥ߸ߵԺǽ档
ȫһ硣
԰ˮأȡɽ̨ͤ¥󡭡ԶʦľܡܽǡŴȫĵ񹦡
ɫѡҲǳϵΣԵ÷ǳĴ
ɲ򵥰Ҽǵϴο߰ƽһǽ˿ľİɣ
ƿգķƣҼǵúʮһ
ƯطѵӪҪõöˣ
Թԣطҿɣ

Ծ䡢ׯƽΤ˼֮ǰ⣬˶ǸոյϢŸϹһν
⴦Ժ䣬滹Ҫÿ
߷塢ҵ˶ǹҾȻʵֶúԶ
֪Ǯ⻹˵һԵжôۺ
Ķ̨ͤľϣǻ԰ˮأĽ˿ľ̴ľкʯ
ؽҲǼ򵥵Ķ
ȻϺܹ󣬵ȴ£йϣɽ֮УԵõš˼ǵһ۾ϲط
ЦЦһǽͱ֣Ц
ľ죬һ˿һûвμӡ
ʩͼֽȴṩġ
ʱǳͨķܶһʱɫ
ַǳǢһ
Σȫѡõָϸϰ֯ȥʣȥ
ЩǳɫͬʱĻںһ
ЩһЩСϸڵĶ


296 ֹԺ
ΪԼѵӪĵһأǳҪװ޵Ҳǳϸ¡
ʵ֤ҲȷʵﵽЧ
׼𣿡
˵ι۵ʱŤͷһԾװĻԼǵ˽л죬øһж˸𣬷ǳɿ
ӶѾ׼ˡ
̬
·ɡ
ͷ
Ժǰ߳İֽ̯ţһֽʦվԱ߹ĵš
Ա߷һֻССīס
ߵǰ˵ע⡣Ծ䡢ׯƽΤ˼߷塢ҡ²ã֪ͳͳ˹
еĿⶼۼϣĳ
ñ
忪ڵһֻơ
ӣ
ԱߣһǺ͵С
ͻȻ
еľѾȫɣڲװҲȫչأΪƬۡԺӵˣӦҪ֮󣬸
˶֪еԶֹˡ
ųǺʣɫ¶˼ɫ
ڣһ߳Լҳǰһ档
λԺ䣬أδӵзǷ塣
ͨëʴϼǺССīպպѾ֪ôˡ
۹£
ǿ
ʮĸ֡˲ҹάġĲȴһ¡
νߣҪд̺ĸ飬鷨ˡ
ʮĸ֣̺ƽдȻ㲻ʲôʦ֮ȴһְơ
Ϊ߲֪ܲԡѵӪѵ֮Ӫѵ֮ӪΪߣصľֹ¡ԺֹԺɡҲУ
˵ţߣĺдȥ
⼸дȥһɰƴֽ籡
ֹֹ꣬꣡
һûźŻ
ٻ󡢳衢ʧһĶ۸ʲôĴۣҪĿġ
Ϊġʹ
һɲǣмһɰƴڱʮģϱӣǸĥѣսսǸԭԪ˧
һɲǣֹԺоĵġ
ֽϵ֣ٿǹɼʣԺ˶ʱΪ֮ᡣ
ǽҲΪ֮ʧɫ
ϵ̫ǿˣǰΪ֮ҲΪ֮սЩͨĽʿܹܵġ
еĻͬԾ䡢ׯƽΤ˼֪²õ˶Ϊ֮壬һ˵
û֪Ϸʲô
ϵϣƣΪ֮۵ȣһӡ˵Ժ
Ȼĵֻһɲǵʱʧˣ½ԼϱӵһӴıɽ¶һ֮³ˮף
ڣԶ¶һԼʱ
ܿͻָԼԭӡ
鷳ˣװȥ
Ծ
ǣӡ
Ƴϵʣһ˿̾ɫȻ󹧹Ľӹ֣ʼװ
Ҳγѡ
ֹԺֹԺ֣
ϣҲܷ⾳
벻ӵʫҲüá

һȺ˷׷׻عȻǳϲ֡
ϲͺáֹ갲¡ѵӪѧĿľֹ껤¡Ժ󣬴пվɡ
΢΢һЦ˵
ǣӣ
˷׷׹ѾγհȺ塣ʵλǼ嶼е֮ĵһ
ҲԼΪ֤Լ
䣬ⶨĵһҷȥɡ󾫶࣬һ߸ҲͲˡ
彫һ׼õݹȥ
ѵӪаٽ岢׼ȫȥ롣ҪһһڳԣһҪЩӰ˼뵽ֹԺ
ȵֹԺѵӪӰ֮󣬵ʱԴԴϵͼ뵽ֹԺ
ʱЩ˷ԼҲˮˡ
ӣڱ𣿡
һԱߴ֪ĿƣվȺУеĿ塣
ǵøոᵽ˱֡СԲǴֻн˧֮ҲյĶ
ѵӪǲ̵ġ
⼸ײһȷɡ
ţ
˵ͷֱ֪һ㶼⡣λǽ˧֮ţϱϲϮľһˡ
֪ǱԾѡ
Ϊ߲֪ܲԣԺҪֹԺˣҪıԡ

ʵǴֲڲ忴ֹԺչԻһ˽ģϣԼıʥڱԷĥѬһЩδĽǡ
ЩܹͨԼĿ飬ǽñǰӵǿ
ڴ˵Ҳĸ
ΪϱһԪ˧ıסʮʮĵˣĩʮأ˴ߡ
ڱԷ棬ԣʱû˿ԳƵĴ񶼰ϣ˵ˡ
ԣٺٺ٣СӣôĿ
䣬һͻȻ洫Ҽٽӽֻһգۣſھͳ˼Ӱ
Խ̹٣
̹ܽ٣
ֹԺԺǽſڣ˶ǿӰһǰһżа״˽
ˣ嶼Ϊ⣬Ȼǧܻ͡
ǰԾѵӪڵʦߺڸ߾ҹϮй֮
λ̹٣ôˣ
һ⣬Ͻӭȥ
뿴˭ôʣô󣬾ȻҰעѵӪ˽˵լۡôľ롣ڣȻ㡣
ǧЦ
󷽵ܻ͸Ͻ˴к
һǹ͢Χء˵ʹѾѵӪΧʮ֮ڣϽκεףҲ׼˽˸ڡֽźÿ죬˵͢ѾɽȨˡջضûգ
ܻһ߹Ц
Сӵֽһô죬㲻֪ҿʹأһġǰ쵰ʱҲ֪ͱô©ź֪
ǧ
λˣǶѾ֪ҵ˽լˣҵ滹ô˵ĺ𣿡
ЦֿУޣѵӪһӪĵءֹ͢ΧأԤ֮С
ٺ٣ǵźáСӣòŸ
ǧЦ
һɫΣָУʶȣǧҲ̲ס˰ѡ
Сӣո˵ﻹбԣС㣬𣿡
ǧ£ǰӣһ
Ҫָ𣿡
Цǧ
ٺ٣СӺ񻹲С֮以似д軹ԡڣͲҪӵˡֶǿ̵ġ¹ңͿǱ
ǧ
Ȼ˵һЦ⣬ǿЦǧĻһ˿ζ
ȻǧﲢͬԼͬѧǱ
ǽ˧֮
һŪǻ˵ģֹǺԼһẦԼµı֮ءҲѵӪﲻڱԭ
˵ġԡĸ֣Ȼǧܲҹֻͬǣǧٹһӣίķʽ˵


297 ֣˼
ȻԸָ㣬Ҿ͹ˡ
΢΢Ц
ֹԺﱾ׼õΧ壬Ȿ˵ġڣǧ֮䡣
̹Ҫ壡
֪˭Щ
Ȼ˵ӣ̹ӦøһЩɡ

ҪǧΧ˼ѪһرԾ䡢ׯƽΤ˼ǣǧǵֱϵ̹١
һɽԾǶصͻѧûǳԱͷ
ӣͣݺݵĽѵһ½̹١
ׯƽͳΤ˼׳ŵԱҲһΣʱǾûӡ
˿֪λԽ̹ٿͷС̹ǽȻͬġ
̣һһ˺ڰӵޡ
Χ˽ΧܻҲһĿˡ
̹ٵҪŵѧ˵ԴСȰɣӣ
ǧһֻƣһʼʹȵıʾ
ȻҪѵ壬ͷȻҪķڷ֣ͬʱĿӦòˡ
ã
̹ȻһЦǧĺ⣬Ƚһ䵽ϡ
ӣͰ
Ծ䰵˰Ѻ
ʱ仹ջ˽⡣
ǧѧ岻̫ɡͿˡ
ܻһͼΧ
壬ӡͦõġϾǡĽ顣Ҳ̫ݡ
ĽչĽȻ෴
ֻʮ֮ǧϵЦݾʧˡʮ֮ǧüͷˡ
ʮ֮ǧȫ񶼱
ʮǧɫͷǳѿˡ
˿ΧҲóǧĴǷǳĲ
ڶΧˣͱǧĶˡ
ׯƽͳΤ˼ͱסˡ
֪ǧϸģΪˣŻ൱Ծ
һֲ㣡һ̣һ֣ӣ
µʮǧڳ׷
ã
忴ǧ΢΢һЦٴˬĴӦ
һ֣ǧĸ죬µʮ־ͳױˡ
֣ȣ
ǧﻹ޷Լ塣
ã
˵ͷٴδӦˡѾǵˡ
˵ľ֣ǧƤٺҲ˼ˡ
Ӱɡ
һڲ裬̬ɣǧ
ǧصĵͷȴһֶû˵
һ֣ǧµررҵԽԽ
ǧվû뿪ֹԺ
ľ꣬ǧһɫصĶ̲о֣ʱ֮
壬һ𣿡
ܻͻȻԾԾԡ
֣սϣֻʱҪˡ˭Ϊ˧֮š
ܻͿˣƺڱԷĲŻ
ֻܻܽΪǽŵڵĴС
Ȼԡ
ȻһЦɴĴӦˡ
ܿ죬ǧԱ߾ͶһˣŲоͬĬ
ǧܻ͵û뿪ֹԺʼû뵽ġ

СӻӪˣ
ʱ˿̣塢Ծ䡢ׯƽǧܻǣ˭Ҳ֪ԶһطһȺӰվɽϣĬĬֹԺķ
Ӽ˵ķ򣬿ĿԶָֻ׸ǴСֹԺȻòǺУȴֱܷһڵӰ
֪СӲȥӪȴѵӪȻͼıȻϡͬŲţϾҪѵӪбˡ
山´ɽϣ֣ҡһֽȣͷҲЦ
˵ҶԺ˿ǺûкøУͬҿ㸸׽ҪСϴˡ
ͬһֲ˲ȴзɫ
֣㲻üҡҵõϢûд㱳Ҳ̫ùɡңڳ԰ѹեĺ
ͬ
֣ϵķƵıһӾˡ
ٺ٣ͬ˭Ҳ˵˭̫ǿһУСϡٲʲôĻ㻹ң¶ù
֣ҡӣܿͻָ
ô
ͬ
ǺǣǴһˡ
֣Ц˺ࣺܶ
ôľͱȽϺ˵ˡѵӪǾʦǵȻܶСʲôҲòô
ҵСӾ顣ôֻҪ֪ʲôǷŸɾˡ
֣ģҲһʹ
飬׼ǿͷίߣӦһ¾ˡڼ
ĵǳߵ˿ĿҲǰЩ̫һȻģǾ͹ֲˡ
СӺܲ򵥣ｨһԺӣҿѵӪôġʮа˾žģ£˲šȻ֪ҪͼˡֻҪ«ֹˡ
֣Ц
ǳ͢ѾֹˣСӵĸۡһݵġǸŪ
ͬȻѾôԹ
ٺ٣ΪûҶҶǺƫƲǡ飬ǺԼˡѾӴҪһءӦû߰죬Ҳ깤ˡ
֣
ͬȻһһʶ֣һ
ٺ٣ʲôСӵĵۡкüˡֲϹӣ㲻ΪڲŲȡж𣿡
֣
˵Сˡ
ͬĿһ֣һĸоǳ֣ںܲöԸһ֡
ΪʲôҸûпĻأ
ͬɻĿɨܣΧɽиκ˹ļ
㵱ȻΪرҪġһҪΧĴҪȵ깤֮󣬲Ž֮
֣һĪ
ս޺պչҪԸˣͲñ׼ͬЩһ̫ߵˡôк޵ԭˣǻǺ͵ġ
ͬһȻ֣˵ġ
˵ɣҪʲô
ֱͬ˵
٣ܼ򵥡ȥ£ѵӪѧΪб˲š㣬ȥЩѧ˭Ͷ壬˭ҵԺȥ˭ǺΪСҪģǺݺݽѵЩһǲ֣ܶѵѵЩС𣿡
ֻҪǴˣˣȻҲͲ˼뵽ǱˡڱҵҪ˭ԡ
ͬ飬Ӧûɣ
֣
ߣ
ͬ޺޵ƳһۣȻ֪ʲô⡣ͬȴûзԡ
Ը
˵仰ͬһֺ£תߡ
֣Űͬ뿪ıӰǻ¶һ˿Цݡ
֣˭Ⱥ˸أ
Ҫǣ˭ȴ󽫾˼ĶӸأ
λ˴󽫾֮䣬Իкܴķصأ
ţ֣ܿתûлȥԼķ䣬һȥ


298 ç֧
һƬ޾ɽͬеĲΡһƬĸԭԶԶ߳ΧκһƬأκһȡ
Կ磡
ڴƣﱻ˹ء
ˡЩȺɽԶǴƣ
Хʱ˿̣ȺɽߴڸԭıԵһ£Ϣ磬ɽһӭеĶëȣָңԶľͷ¶һָ㽭ɽӳⷽٵζ
ӷţĿǻۣͬԭһ㡣ӵԴֲڵһɫƤȴ¶ݡ
صٵص˹ˡ
ˣˣ
ߣһ佫˫ŷ泤վͬһ˳ǹڵϣһɽȻĸо
θߴ󣬵͸¶Ϣȴ·һ㣬޾
ʣƺһɽֻҪبǰܹһѡ
ǿΣƬֲʺϷ²ף˺Զʼ
صĿû˿ı仯
֪ԼҵĴ˵ʲôΪ佫ЩȤ
ʹˡ
ĻջضëȣЦ
ȻʺϷŷ򣬵ȴ˿ӵʳĳǳءߵؾӦͳεص͵ˣ㲻𣿡
ˣǴˣֻ̡֪
ص
ɫᶨվ˿ͬëûһ˿
ңδô׶Ը
ĮȻ
Ϊ˹ش󽫣شӲƱҲСƶ֡˹Ҫţƾõķ
㵽죬˹ص۹ҲһֱûгɹΪʴȣΪ̫ǿˡ
˹ص۹廮ͳ򣬾ڶ涵ĳӵϵĵλϽ£Ĵϵɳ޵λܴΪͳΣֱǰϵϵϵ¡ϵ
غʹ޾ѹϵİϵ
ƵĽϽگҲ̫ԶƵİϴ󶼻³گĹ޷Ҫĵˡ
رǴƵʮ϶ľͬһ˸ܵ޴ѹ
˵޵³ҪʦƵı顣ǿǸСĹ١
ͻȻЦ
Ϣɿ𣿡
ɫһڳһ˿⶯
ûȷϡ˵Ϣа˳ɵİա
ŵ
ٺ٣³ڣƽϿһƬ顣أǼõĻᡣ
˵Ťͷλ˹ش󽫣ЦЦ
촽˶Ǻܿͻָ
ûõġ³ñʵʵ˵õϢҲδؾġ˵Ϣųġң뿪Ҳض׼˺֡
Һ϶ˡûôöԸ
Ǻǣ³ȷʵöԸļͨδˡ³ƵľʦǻҪ׼ˡǺܿҪʹƿս
޵⡣
ҵսˣûлͷ׼𣿡
ŵͷ
˲Ʋ磬һѾȥε֤ˡڹȥǧ꣬Ψһ˹ûĵط
ͬģ˹ص۹ҲǴƴûĵط
ÿһսһʼͺܽ
Ϊ˹صĴ󽫣ˡ
ΪˣؾΪսߡսʹΪ˹صĴ󽫣ȴֲܲΪĵ۹ǡ
Ǻǣβһ
ҡӣǺЦ˵ζ
ּ⣬׼ѾʹΣζͬΣڶһغ˹ΣܽΣɱҡ˹ؾͻٲ
Ӧ֪һͬǳʲôʱɣ
ɫصĵ˵ͷ
Ƭ¶ĸԭϣֻһһǧǰƬԭϻһǿ
ǿһϦ֮ͻȻˣĨеĺۼ
ڵֻ֪֣

ԶҪϵĶ
ϵ˹ص۹ûֻ֪˹صĸ߲֪
һͬͳֵʱ
ôЩ꣬ѾɹԤʥĸ¡𣬴ѩɽĳ֣Լʱ
˹ص۹ǱȶѩɽߵĴڡѩɽʥɮΥ档
Ǻǣģ׼Ȼ˵ʵĵһˡ
޵
ػıɫ
ǺǣĵͬʹʲôѾòҸ˵ˡ˹صʷϣûгֹ˹صĶֻһƣʣΣضڴơ
ֻдƲ㸲˹صʵڣç֧ѾŴǰƹһ̽ʵˡ˵ƹͻȻûӹˡ֪Ǽ٣Ŷç֧ǣܿͻϢˡ
޵Ŀ򶫱򣬴Խصգ˴ƵĹ
վͬ˹ȥ
ɽϣĵģֻзԶ˹ʿѵ

¡¡
ƾʮﾫڿĵϱֻۡʮ̤ȴǧƣƺضǽ²
Ǵƣأ˿ġ·Ŀηηˣȵ˹ˡƾʲô˹
Ӿǰ棬һ˫ü罣˹ϣòЦ
ӣǺ£
һϢ磬·籩һ˹׳Ӻ׷ɫһƣܹ̫¶Ȼ岻Ǻܸߴ󣬵Ϣȴ·ɽһԺ
עĿģƣر󣬿رĿ
˾˹صĴ󽫣ç֧
Ǽ֡
ç֧ǡӥ˼
ֻиԭܳĵӣŻᱻç֧塣ÿ˹صĴУжֻһç֧
ڵĴƣѾǵǸˡڣϲ棬̣ϲݡǺ£һɽݶƬ½ϣӦͬǿĵ۹ƵǺ£
ç֧ͷϴ˶ƤñҲͨԴ˾ܽԼء
ȻⲢʲô̫ķǴƶ˹ȱ˽⡣֪ç֧֣Ҳδؼˡ


299 ⲻƵĺ꣡
Ⲣһεˡ
һΣʮǰ
ǸʱƣԿ˵ʿһܾܵսÿˣܸܻܵھܵת
ڣʣĺƽʤýݡȻǿ󣬵ç֧Ѿп˥ļ
˹ڵϣγԱȡ
ʣ˹صĸ
ʲô
ӵ߿͵İθһ㣺
ç֧òʧȥ˶ɼɣ˹ܳΪƵĴУûбĿǵʿеĵͼɲǵ͵ңȻ̽ʵģߵһ㣬̽ǵʵοǿʹƲһѵǻҶЩʹô
ç֧漴ƿԡ
ڴӵĸߵȻЩç֧Ҳòϣ˵Ĳûе
κ˵˹ص۹ʹüԴС͵˹صʹȥ˶ͻʺߴʳ֧Ҳһ
ΨƲͬ
ڴƣʹӵϵĵλиרųʹЩðʹĻ¡
ξܵµԼ
Ҳգֻڴƴµʱ䣬һоͰմӵ˼ɣ
ç֧
ǻ࣡ΣҾҪ浽׻ʲô
ӹһЦһ۶ȥ
æϡ

ѵӪ׻ϡ
ˣ
ԪϣϱɫԪ֣֡
ȻѵӪҲǾС
ΧռԪ֮Ũ񣬱Ⱦжй֮޲
ǡҺอá
ںԪ׺ͶȣԶԶѵӪеκһˡ⸳Ϊ
ܹѹΧռеԪ
գ丵βʣġΧɷΧڵĿռ䣬ܹһ˲䱻յĸɸɾ
Ԫӿġ
ԪĵطԶԪȱĵطӿȥ
仰˵ΧĿռһڶܹԶͣĽΧռеԪ
ʹܹܿռԪŨȵӰ죬ʽȥԪ
ԪƶĵطҲһյԶˮ׼
ǽҺอá
ʱ䣬ѾԽԽо֡Һอĺô
ˣ
ŨİɫУһȦɫ⻷ⲻϵССһȦȦͣĳˢ
ÿһγˢǿһ֣ͬʱŸĺԵüΪ׳ۡ
Ԫɫ⻷ǿֶΣĹ⻷
ΪﵽԲʱһһʽܹƻֶΣҪǿࡣ
ʱʲôûɣáСϵȻ󲹳䵽ɫǿֳʼ⻷
Ҳ˼㣬ﵽ˾صľ硣ԱıԪŽ׵ʵѾ޽ӽһصˡ
ˣ
֪˶ãڵϢﵽ㡣ˣһƾâһ̣âһ˲ʧԭء
飡
ӴܴܵǽϣϡԼϡϡܹ˸λϣĳְ˸ȥľ޴ȭӡ
˸ȭӡֵͬʱâһٴγ˴롣
һģ壬ܹ˸ȭӡһԿԴ˸ȭӡڿ˲ŭˣ
һ£Χǽһİӡοɫ
ʱ䣬һֱýҺอСʵǺĿĵġ
Ļ경ﵽޣǿԪǿȣͿһǿľѧ˲ŭԡ
һһεԵԾѧ
ڶʱڣһȫԪָı˵սһԵĻ塢֡
һսʤǿеǿѧ
˲ŭԡսʤ˵ĵˣϣͲܴˡ
գ
ڵϢʱ򣬶ͻȻһյĽŲļǵĳ
ţ
üͷһŤͷ͸΢Ĵţһ۾ͿһϤӰŲҴҵĴɽ
ӣˣˣ
ûһʮ𼱵ӣɫ΢䡣
ʶôãǵһοôż
ô£
һһ˲򿪴ţſڡ
㲻ôܵˣ
վſڵ
ӣˣ²˴ˣ߷塢ҴȥæҲΧˡׯƽΤ˼ǣҲһΧˡ
нһ鱬˳
ʲô
ıɫ
ôô˳ͻ
ѵӪ£⻹ǵһγ
Ǻ˼ͻ˼ҳġ²ͻȻ˳֣ǿиߡ²߲˵˼䣬žʹ߷塢ǾȻȥæԷ׼˲һˣǴˡҸоרųġ
û˵꣬ͱˡ
ȥ

ѵӪ壬һȺΧһΧֺһƬ
ϵһ۾Ϳμһ࣬һϷʣһΧ
ˣ
ϵȦʱסˡǹģӥĿһȺĺˡ
ֻ˵²ˡû˵ǳͻһȺˡ
ˣӡˣ˳²õģһȺˡ
ƺҲʲô󲹳䡣
ѵǳģ
Ժһ˿ɻɫʶľ뵽Լ˵Щƺб
²ó򵥣ûʲô˶ϵġҲԼ
ڶʹ¼Լ֮У
ƾ飬ȺѵӪĺ˵ȷʵԼ
忴Ⱥеĳ²ʱɫһ䣬һڵŭȼ
²õڵϣñףؽء·ϣϣȫѪҺ
ׯƽΤ˼߷塢ҵ˰Χ룬ںŭĿӡԼҲǸˡ
쵰
忴ŭա
²Իǵ͵ĹһΪȫһŹϡȭŹɱϡƽ
˵ûЩרļбģ
˹ȥ
ţ˭ġ
һĺبǰĿбţסȥ·

Ŀһһɭɱ⣬¡¡ıȣһ׻գԭֺȺһӰ
ͻһ˲ĿӴĿ⣬ͻȻмĴ˸
ߣҵ˭ԭˡ˾ޣӶʶ𣿻ÿ
ͻȻһ伥һں룬һĺЦ񣬾񵶽һ


300 
˸ĸоܲһ˿Լǵ⣬˿Լˡ
⣬ǱȻʲôڡ
岢ǵԼʶˡ
ϱھʦ岢ûкͺйʲô˵Ҳûʲô˿켣
ѵӪһ˿Խġ֪ҵݣҷѵĺˣǶָ
ͷתѾ˵ˡ
ˣ󲽴ȥߵ˳²ߣָڳ²þѹ̽⡣
²ˣԹȥˡ˳ȥǱסˣһʱҲûҶ
߷塢һԱߣɫɫ
ǵõϢġԷǹҪǹִġȵǵʱ򣬶ԷǸࡣҶ˵
Τ˼ҲһߵһƬףȻҲ˴
СģϵãаͬǺ˴󽫾˼ĶΡߵĶͬ˵ľͬ˴ͻѡһƥ飬С˺һǶԴһԡͬųƳͬˣ˭ҲԦˡͬǺų¾񡣡Щ˶öԸ
ׯƽһѹ͸صɫ
ؼƣׯƣµľָơ
Ǿׯ԰ľҲ޷ͬ˾ȡ
ͬ˵ֹһ׺ϸҪ󣬶ԴսׯҲûа취ͬȡ
򵥵ģÿһƥͬǺǴСģͨףͷβٵֺȫۼױ
ЩףֵͲֹġ
ׯҲôѡ
ͬڸ֮ǰǸӶġõķãЩսսˡ
ͬʱͬҲս³ͬˣԵĵһʳǺѪʳ
߰ңҪȥҰǡ
弸սΪ٣սΪ٣
ͬҲһרͬ˵սɺǧ겻սĥܽģͬ˲
ͬ˵սǿ
ˣͬ˵ȴࡣΪսϵĳгͻսĵһߣͬ˵ܸߡ
ͬ˾Ҳֻ˶ѣ
Ȼˣˡ˼ͳɾĺ˴󽫾֮λΪϵĺسͬҲɾǵ
ׯҲЩͬη֣
Щ˶սʿ
Ȼǣ
ׯƽĻԺһͷ
ͰͬûнͬԳһ壬˴򽻵ֹԼžʦˣҲһû̫󽻼
ͬսǿھʦǾص˴ڡûʲôøС
̫ͬڻʵʱڸġ
ֻͬʲôܵƵĸлġǵʱ̫ܵڻʵʱЮʢƱЮȶ
ʱĶͻʶ̫ڻʵѪʱںĶ֣˵˵ͬˡ
ʱѡ˹黯ơ
Щ꣬ͬȷʵ˲ٹһԡ
֪δͬ˳ᱳѴơ
Ȼͬ˲ǺˣǻᱳѲʲôϡʱڣڱ֮˶̵ʱھͷɱӴƱ޷̵ġ
ǿҲչǵˡ
ͬˣ޺øС
ߣׯƽ㵹Ƕͦ˽Ⱑ
һ࣬˼Ц֣ĿҲͳɹˣ
ӣˡڵһμ档˵ɣ˴ҵˣ׸ô죿
쵰
˵˵ʲô
ӣ˵Щһſڴƻƣ

һȺŭֹ
Ҫ
һֻƣֹˡƽݲȣһŷ
ʱգѾʾʡ
һöҩ²õҩھͻ²õɫú󣬺Ҳȶվ
ŤͷɫᶨĿŶİͬһȺͬꡣǰͬĶԸ壬һ̿ԷҲһ¡
ͬҵˡ˵ɣô죿
ûнͣҲûᰢͬ˵ǣֱİͬ¶һ˵ʡ
ߣ
ͬ漴Ц
û˵˴ҵˡˣռǵľӣӦ취㳥ǰɣ
ͬǰ飬һ̤һɰɫľâڱ

ȺһɧׯƽͳΤ˼Ҳ׷ױɫ̲סˡ
侳⻷
ͬѾﵽ侳
֪֮ͬǰǽֵʱѾΪ
ʣ
ʹѣҲԽ϶ͬǹġ
ӣ˵Ǻ˺ƲǲǣԹǣǵľ󣿽飬㲻һûô뿪
ͬǰֻ꣬ôδйʹ졣ڳϣ׶й˼ɣԽڶʹ¼ܵ裬ȴƫƫûа취ȥš
ڣԼڿԹ󣬺ݺݽѵˡ
ͬҲã㲻һûа취׵뿪أ
建ǰŶİͬ¶ΣյĹâ
²ΪԼ˵ġ
Ի꣬ʵӡͦáδļƻУ²ҲԼҪһ
δ佫
һһһϵˣעֽŹϡƽЩͬˣʤ֮䡣
²ܵѣȫΪԼ֮֡
ε⣬ԺƵĵѻԴԴϡ
ʦɲֹһ˰ͬ
֪ͬʲôע⣬Ϊﵽ侳ͿԳԶԼǴشˡ
ߣô̸£ˣ
ͬЦ·⡣˳˼˵ƽ𣬻ߵҩʲô֮ģ˵ͷۡ
ôʶȤٺòˡ
٣̸£áͬ˵Ĺأȭ۸ߵ͵ġûп˵Ӯսġ
ָͬǰԳһͱ˵ƣ
壬Ҳ˵ʲôֻҪùңһʹҾ͵ʲôûзҪȻĻߺߣǾһ٣ҲԵʲôûз
壡
ͬһЦ
Ŀģ˵ʲôǶҪúõĽѵһ١
˵
˶ŭɫ
һֹֻ֣ˡ
ܹƽ
嵭ȴŭȼգ
̸и㲻飬ȻӦս飬ȻҲӦô
ৣ
һӣеЦȫʧˣͬ˶ĿŹֵĿ塣ͬҲЩֵֹġ
ĺˣǺͬ˵һģһ
籾ӦǿȨ磡


301 ͬ޾ѧ
ã˵úã
ͬͻȻЦòô鷳
ˣ
âһһɺӿͬ˲ʧԭأٶȿĲ˼顣
¡
𶯣ͬһʱ䣬ͬλãƱõơ
ͬһʱ䣬ͬһ󾪺һȺͬ޺˷׷׺ˣ·ܵĳ⧲ľһ
ͬɫһ䣬عͷһ۾ͿԼλãɫƵᣬƺϵһ
ͬɫһ䣬漴վ
壬Сˣڳϣȷʵʸҽ֡ޣͳͳɢ
ͬһţһȺͬ˷׷¶ɫȥ
ׯƽΤ˼Ҳ˿ɡ
˰ֵ
ׯƽΤ˼һʣ˳ӵĴų²ȥ
Сģ
ͬߣոһɲٶȼֱ쵽㡣壬ˣһж
һˣΧҲ׷˿գ֮䣬Χʳһ޴Ŀյء
ͰͬƬյص룬ңңţͻȻ֮ýš
鷳ˡ
ׯƽüͷһҵļ֣
ͬʹͬ棬Ҳ츳ˡͬ˾ʵսǺȼ磬һĶ֡˵ӻһ硣
廹ûдﵽ侳һˡȻֻһ磬侳Ԫȫͬն
Ĳ˵ǹ⻷ãʹðͬҪĶࡣ
ҲףǸûа취ͬĻǣ˳²ãΪӹڹǴӦҲôӦӦҲôӦһϵĻǸûʤ㡣
Τ˼ҲһԵü˽ǵɫ
ڵﻢ£ɲ˴𲻴Ӧ֪岻ӦôӦҲް취
һͬ˵ȴʱȻͬͬһĿϷʣһ̡
ٽҪ
ɫƣ
ѵǵԺԴ󽫾ٽص㣡

һȺЦȻܹٽһӡ̣˭ҲΪٽĶ֡
ٽɲֹһȭѡһȭֻ̽ٽʮ֮һʵûзӳ
ߣ
յУͬͬһֳһɭɫ
壬ȭۣһҿɲһյסֽš
ǣҲ˵ģ
Цһ߻ֽšͬע᲻֪ǡǡҲע⡣
ߣ֪
ͬû˵ȴӹһĨŭĹâԽעҪһݺݵĽѵ
ҵģ
ȻһʼûŹ壬ı֣ðͬԽĲԸŹˡ
֣ǱѾĹϵѹסĽ̹١ȻֻһѵѾǴ´࣡
䣡
һ̤¡غȻ𶯣·һξҵĳ棬˳֮䣬ңͬ۹ĵһɫĹ⻷С仯ȻӰͬ±
һ⻷ͬͬ⻷֮оȻֵѪ⣬Ѫܱ䣬漴ΪǧϸСѪС
ЩǧϸСѪвţΧиɳǧΡ
У
ǶصĹ⻷ԼиѪУ˶һûкͰ֣ͬǿţ˶ܸоеΣա
ѪдУֻ²ҲҪˡһǼ֡
ֹˣͬٻԼ⻷˵ϢҲȻһ䣬һɰҡᡢ̣ԳһɳζȻ
忴̲סƤ
һȷʵʵף
Ժһâ
ӵܣмϹսʶɳѪ󲿷ֶֻͣѺдˮƽ
ǰͬͬ
ͬսΪ٣󲿷ͬ˶ϹսʶֲҵĳҲԲμӹʵս
ƾһ㣬ͬѾԽľ֡˾ô׶ԸĽɫ
ߣ
һЦܿͻָͬȷʵͬԡѪսĥսںܶ˵Եֵġ
Լ̫ͬԶ
ԼĲɱ¾ƵսǰͬһӶġͬͬ˽ЩԼǰ΢ҳݣ
壬аɣ
ͬΧѪи߿·޾ĸߴƮ˱ǵζ
ֹˣܵնս˻ĽֲҵսɱϢ˴Ŀģͷ·߳һ㡣
¡¡
ͬıӰã˵ĿУһͷģ˿ĸߴĺӰεض𣬿Ӱ·̺һѳɫǸһּµĸо
ͬս
ͬĸߴӰеͬ˲ʱ˷ͬսǼǧͬ˳ݵս
ս֮񣬸֮
ͬ˴ӲηΪţͬս֮󶼻عͬսĻ鹲ϵٹ⡣
ͬ˵ľѧҲԴΪ
Ҹݵȼֳ̬ͬͬͬսٽȻٻֻ̬ͬսֻ򵥵һӰѾǼǿľѧ
һصľ磬˿ɵ
ٽɱ
һͬ˱˷ܳͷԣûֱۣͬͬ˵ѧɲΪдϼΪսɱ¾
¡
һ򣬰ͬķӦȴǼ죬ڽ߶£ٻͬսͬʱͬһ٣ȭڵʹһžѧ
ǧƣ
һɰ˫ȴֲޱȵϢӰͬϱѪһͬŲȹ⻷˲ͬһ壬ٶȱ֮֮ǰֹһ
¡
ǧأͬһȭˤʯ޴ԭվ֮ķѣ̳ĵذȫѿˡ
Ǻǣͬı𣿡
һЦ˵ľУͬعͷֻһģһ壬Լ˵
Ļ경
Ӱˣ
ʮ⣬ҡ߷˶һϲ⡣һżΪصĲĻ경һ˶֪ģǰҲʶ
˲֪ǣȻѾĻ경˶壬ͬʱһģһѷֱӰ
žѧУֻܣܵСȴ֪оô򵥡
̫ˣƾžѧپͿԺͰͬһˣ
ׯƽ˷ܵɫ˲١
ֱͬ治٣ʱͲֹκβˣᱻˡ
ֹԺҲ彻֡ˡľ翴ŲǱߺܹܶ࣬ҵ㣬϶롣
٣е˼
ͬĿתֻһЦĲȷʵ΢Ĳͬöˣмһˡ
˵ףֻһ廨ͷڵľѧѡɳϣ־ѧûá˵ף֮սĻǱ˴˵
ٺ٣壬Ҳ֪ôġΪͿԴˣǴشˡ
ͬ΢΢һЦ¶һϷʵЦݡܴɳϻģɲֹǿͷѣһҴˡ
죬Ҫܵޱȣ
ˣ
ֻһ˲֮䣬ͬͲȡ˱С¡𶯣ͬͬս˫ſ߾ϣֳ״
ͬʱͻ𣬰ͬܣǳǧϸСѪУתţȻͷХ弲ȥ
ЩͷƤϸСѪУ飬ǧǰеĿռ䣬ȫже·
ǻӰֵλöסˣ
ãҿˣ
ӣСģ
ֳͻȻһƬң


302 ˲ŭԣ
ͬЩֲѪвֹǶģǽҲڡ
ͬ˵һսϰߡ
սϣͬǾϰߡֻҪɱ֣ţҲνġ
ͬ˵ڲȶУҲһ
սʱû֡Ϊͬ˵սдϼȫͬͬڲʱ򣬾һʡ
ͬһֱӾͽ˾˽ȥ
ǺǣһпɶԸң
ǵأ飬ԼÿһƶռѪУЦһ̣û˿ԥָһವһÿһָʮϸ˿Ľ
ʮָգۼ䣬԰ټƵĽ˿Щ˿ÿһ׼һöϸСѪС
Щһ㣬޼᲻ݵѪУĽ˿ಣһ׷ױ顣ֻ˳ĽͰѰϸСΣյѪз׷׻顣
ʱϰĽ
巴ϵĴĽָǲϵС׳һδС׳󡭡ĽһָеʮĽ˿еĽ˿շġ
ͬͬ˾ѧȻǿ󣬵ġ¾ǰֵһᡣ
¡
еѪеͬʱһ˫ɳȭͷУ֮ٴպݺݵ
ͬץʱԶһĶ࣬ȻǧѪбϤȥǰͬͬץסᣬԼ潻ս
Ը
ЦһֻȭͷȻܣӭŰֻͬɽͰȭͷӭȥ
ӣ
ս󷽣ׯƽ˶һ촽Щɡ˭Ҳû뵽һξȻûж㡣
ľȲͬȴȰͬ£Ϊõķ
ȴѡķʽ
¡
һ̣䣬𶯵ĿУֱۻζһ£Ȼεļסͬȭ
ˣ
ͬɫ΢䣬еһ¶Ծɫ
ⲻܣ
ͬһĿŶ档֪Լʵͬ߶һĶ֣˵Ԫߡ
壬Ȼһ
ôܻ飿
ֱ۴ķޱȣͲһԪӦеӡͬҲʵս൱ḻˣǰû
һôô
ͬͬȫ𾪵ˣȰͬҪԾ
ͬͬ˵ٽ֮ӹɡ
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼܹ°ͬ
ôܣ
ͻȻоЩˡ֮ǰ˴ûͬп⡣
ڣ˭Ҳô˵ˡ
ķչͻȻЩԤϡ
ߣ̫ͬԴˡ㲻ΪѵӪֻʵǿİɣ
˫ȭεļס˰ͬŰͬɫտտһҲԤϡ
ͬúܾ޷ܣһ㶼⡣񾢡ԲٻȫԵ侳һϸµġ
Ȼ滹ǷȱϾԪ侳ǲһ磬Ҫ°ͬһǴ´ġ
飡
һ彫ͬ𿪣˫˫˾롣
ͬеĲˣҲֵˡ
Ŷİͬ¶һ˿ŵЦݡһȴҵĽӴѾ˽Ⱒͬսʽ⻷ԼٶȺͷӦˡ
͸ֵķ
ͬܽһУҾͳϣҲĶ֣
ڰͬɲĿУ鰺ȻȻȻ˲ϢʹǿľѧҲԪǿľѧ
һж޷ܰͬǻԼͲӮˡ
˲ŭԣ
ŲȻһ̤һɰϢ籩һϱնŤˡ
ֻһʧȥӰ
ã
ͬͻȻһɼǿΣУ彻һθоġû˿ԥͬٴαǧϸСѪ˷ȥ
ȻͬķӦǳˣ
飡
֮ͻȻ챬죬һΣܵǽڳȭӡеȭӡһ㣬м䰢ͬ
𣡡
ְŭԵӰ˻ûķӦһСͬܵͬǳǧ򼫶ΣյϸСѪУ˲ͱ˹ɸ͡񱩵ҳɷ顣
Ǿ޴鰢ͬܵݺݵϡֻͬüһͱİ˲ŭԺݺݵҵڵϡ
ã
ٽ
ֹ

ʮͬɫ䣬Ҳ룬ͬʱ˳幥ȥҪ°ͬ
˭Ҷһ£Ҿɱ
âһͻȻԽؿռ䣬ڰͬϣְס𣬺ݺһȭͬҹȥ
壡ң
׹¶ھɴͶ֮ͣͬУٽΪס
ͬսȻʧܸգôҲû뵽ġôٽܵκ˺
壬ٽܵʲô˺еͬ˵ŭ𣡡
ŭ䣬Լв
ͬȻսΪ٣Լ˵ȴΪء嵨ʲô飬ͬ޾԰ɱƬײĺڡ
ߣ
޵Ļ۹һһŭڶ˵ͬھжϲͬвˡ
ҴӡӶⲻˡ
ͬ˱ϾǺˣΪ˲鷳󲿷˶ǾԶ֮Լˡ
ߣ췴𣿡
һֲŰͬĲӣͻȻ֮һѽӵɢϢͻȻޱȣҵ˶ǰԾ
ΪʲôطƾˣҲҷҪˣ̫ڻʵʱڣΪʲôͶģͬǵһԣֻҪûе뿪Ӫͬϵ£ϵףȫɱ⣬һ
ϱӾɱ±Ԫ˧ֵɱˣӶ
ͬҪвҴˡ
˳ưʮ꣬ͬ˵ڶѧ𣿹ȻѻǲҪ췴ҳȫǣ
ͣһһ߳Ӱͬ룬洩Ѫˮʡ
쵰ӣӣ
Ŀ𣬼۾ͨ졣һͬҲ۾ͨ죬޲ðһ㡣
˭Ҳû뵽ȻĶ֣ƫƫûһ˸һ¡
˶̬סˡ
Ȼ޲һ¶̬ȣΪʣ˶ţĳ
Ͼӵܣŷӣʿӣͬûв˱ġ
Ĳ˵˵󽫾˼Ȼ࣬ȴǺͷ졢ơث֥溲ͬȵλĵ۹󽫣ʥʵĳţ
ƾһͲ˿ǡ
˵һǿҪǨͺ˵ϰߣáһףȫá
ȫһף


303 ڸ߸ϵİͬ
忴һȺĿͬˣЦ
Щһ֪ڶʹ¼Σյ£ôܻǵв
ЩֶвԼҴˣ
ҽڶʹ¼ѾãΪԼѵӪʱѹ¡ɱסˣԺƵ黹ϡ
ͬҴˣҪ׷֪
סͬһ
ׯƽΤ˼ѳ²ôϣȥֹԺ
˵ţתߡ
ΧѾСѵӪĽ̹ѾϹˡ岻룬϶֪ͨǡ
ͬǴ֮ǰΪ˶ԸǣصİĽ̹֧ߡʱҪ̹æˣ
һͬûô룬϶Ѳ˹ϵ
аԺһӰ֣
Լǵã֮ǰͶǸѵӪĿͽ֣
岻ţôõĻᣬ֣֮⡣ңƾһͷİͬûô
ܿŰͬ뿪ˡ
һȺ˰ѻԵİͬм䣬ΧĽ̹ٿҲֱ治
˵ÿ̹ٶзصѵ񡣲ôпУ顣
ɶ񣡡
뿪󲻾ã֣һȺ̹ٴҴҵĸϵ󡣿յĴ֣ɫѿޱȡ
ȻԴܰͬǴ֣ûϵġ
жǳʧˣ

֪˶ãͬǱһ΢⾪ѵġۣǾԼʮ׵ĵ棬ԼеĿ硣
ʣʣҲŹģ
ֻһ˲䣬ͬѹڰʹ
壬Ҫɱ㣡
ŭ쳹ա
ͬ㣬ͻѡ񰲾һ㣬ѵӪ˶ԼЦ
ڴʱһӵ´һ裬߰˸ˣڸ߸ߵĸΧһӣĬĬȲ衣
ȻµЩͬѾˣ
УͬͻȻĴһĿ£ͬһ۾Ϳһֺ׳ԺӣԺ£ɽϣͬ޺һȺĿ⼤ŭͬʱֹŹֵͬˡ
Ⲣǰͬ𶯡
ͬ𶯵ģǰͬͻȻԼĴ
İһ߰ɸߵĸ߸ϣ
ͬɫһɲǱɷס
㣬㣬㡭
ͬĿ𣬾޴ĳҪιȥ
ߣʲô㣿ǸһССͷ
ɫϣСڵĺһһи߷ϣ
⣬˳һ䣬ȻѾкܶ˿ˣϾȫȻٴĻǾһˡţӦòѵӪ˶ĳ̬
ڵ£Ƶ
һѣͬע⵽Զİ׻ϣȺ飬Ӱָָ㡣
ͬһԭķŭʱĵľ
ͬսˣ
壡
ǰͬû뵽ֶξȻôҡǾ޴ĳ裡
ͬ־ּŭԭˣھŭӣھ޴ĳгٴ˹ȥ
ӣĺ𣿡
ε̴棬²˫һյ΢΢Щģмս̳²õûп
԰ͬĴʽЩϾ²Ҳ֪˼ͬ˴󽫾˼Ķӡ
һǵ۹󽫣һǽңɲ̫ô
ߣʲôѵѧ𣿡
˰֣ν
ңҲΪɱЧȣôסǣԺ鷳ԴԴϡڣǾ͵úú˼˼ˣ鵽ֵֵá
ĬȻ˵ͷľʵû顣
Щ飬áǾŹ֮ӣãȫͬġ
壬°ͬܵ裬Ҳû
ãӵġһУš
һԵ
²û̫ˡʱһȺ˴Լðɡ²Լǲá
ӵЩҩҲȷʵôһ²õƿȥͿϺܶˡ
ϵĸҲˡ
²ڻǵ˵ͷ
ȻǾЩⲻȥõĺУ²ö൱Ρ
ⲢǻΣΡ˵廹Բμʥʣһֽڶʹ¼ơ
ĺܶ¼ε붼ġ
ʱҲˣҹһѵӪҪ˵˾ͻһ˰ѰͬѵӪȥٹһȻŵɡ
尲ŵ
ǣӡ
ͷ
ãԺȥϹɡȭŹȻҲԣǶԸͬȫһѹ°ͬҲκβ㡣
Ƭ̣һʳָͻȻԳ²˵²õʵʵͬɣ߿ҪϺüˡ
ƫƫû˴ҲʵǺΡ
š
²λĽܣûз
Ҳʱȥˡ⣬һҪ˵
ҲɣԼֵ˵˳Ȼӵһ˶ˡ
²ö𾪵Ŀ塣
ȻԻ꣬ϾʲôȻҲ֪
ѵӪǽһС͵ϡ
ֶǿ󡣾Ҵ˵Ǵ˵еĶڣȻ˵һ
飬׼һٸǵġڷҲûбȵԺˡ
嵭
ֹԺһģûܹѸΪĶôȥ˼
׼һٸǵģڣıעˡ
һԼĥҲԾ߳²áǵʵҲԱ⵽һ顣
ӣ˵𣿡
ڻ˵ӵһǶ̫ˣѾ͵λԺġ
Ϊ̫ú𺳣ڻֲʵС
ǺǺǣǲǣǵʱ֪ˡ
忴ãȻӣЦ˵仰²豭վֹԺ⣬ѾϤӰ˹
֣֣
ŴֹԺӰǸ߾ҹϮ֮ݷù壬͹ĽͲ־塣
ҶǴϮĹһƽĹһǸ̫ڻʵսµͽλһ㶼ѷɫ
ôλֳҲΪ˼ģ
忪żɽ
ȷʵˣ֣Ǹˣʵ֮Уȴ
Ͳ־嶼һ˼ǺŸոе㽻飬δЩͻأ
ֻǣίǵݷǷֺܾܾ
ִҲˣҲˣҲˡ֪ܸܲҺͲһ棬ʱŹ˼ҺͰ˼һǵ۹Ź֮ʵǲΪ齻񰡣Գ͢ңͬ˶кô

Ȼûʽּ壬˵㵽壬ҳӵķ緶
Ȼμ縺һˡ⽻ʹ
ɲҲԸŹԸŹҡֺͲӦ֪һǰͬҵ鷳ֻ͹ζֵʵѡǾô̫ˣԺǻԴԴϣ
嵭
Ͳ־ɫһҭʱˡǰ˵ǰ˵Ȼ˵ʲôǳ²ùǵġ
ڿλŹóοԸưոݡ


304 ̫
ǽֺͲֵĻҲǲԴߡֻڡ
ΪһξҪ޹ʱ廰ͷһתͻȻ˵һ
֪˵ʲôʱ򣿡
Ͳ־Դϲûϣû뵽Ȼɿ
һȵʱʣȻҲͿˡ
嵭
֪ܹ𣿡
̽ŵ
˵ͷ
л֣
Ͳ־ϲҲ֮У˵͡˵ʵʵҲԸ£ϾҲǽҺͲһõĶǺ˸ġ
κȴ
ȻڴӦֻҪܷţ˵˸Ͳںˡ
ҪԼ£αôģ
֣֣Ҫȱ𣿡
ָһƱɰĿղ豭˹ȥ
֮ã
ѵϳȲ裬ôУ

˹һЦӹ񱭣һʵɲ١
ҴܻܶȲѵܼ򵥵ģΪ˾պɽãǷһ顣
Ժæһܾܾġ
ҴзǳСȦӣһȻϤ
°ͬ鲻̸ջڡͲ־Ҳֵĺϣ塣
֪ʱȥ
Сӣǵ֪ܣ
һʮͻȻӶдһϵĽŲǧܻһУ̤˽
СӣҲֹˡð˽ȥ˰ɣ
ǧ̤ߵ̴ľߣǰĲ豭ֱһ
Խ̹Ҳ˵͵𣿡
ЦǧԼĲ豭Թһ
ٺ٣СӺ˵˵ʲôҪţѵӪĽ̹ͳġСӻ֪ô
ģ̌־͸һơͰͬⳡͻ֪ıȽ
Ϊ˿Ϣѹ
ȵǧﲻ֪ʱ򣬷˹ͱ˳ǧҲɵӣȻ֪ô¡
һǧҲǾŭЩ쵰Ҳδ̫ˡʥ׿ϣһֲٰѵӪҲδ̫ˡ
һ棬ǧҲЩˬѵӪ⻹ǵһγֿ֮ĶŹôˣͷҲδ̫ˡ
Ժǻϣ
Ҫǵѵ
һ㣬ǧ嵹ǲıϡͰͬ鱾Ҫشֵġ
ǧһζԼ顣
󣬵ϾѵӪ档Ҳ治ǧﲻͬ
ѵӪλ˿ֱӶͷ˾ǧֱҵλ˰鵯ѹȥ
ȻǰͬģǾͱøݵĽѵҲЩԺ¶˵ɵ
ԶΪǧһ㶼Եġ
Сӣʲôи޶ȵġˣ߰ɡ
ǧ
̹ٺͿ֮䱾ӦеģҲĹ涨ǧﵹǺϲСӴһġ
СԸϲζ
ٺ٣̹ٵĻ˰ɡѰͬȥɣ
˸ƣٺһЦ⣬ȥѰͬӸ߸ߵĸϽ
ֹԺһǽˣͬĳŸոտʼ
ߣ
ҡ߷壬һˡ
ͬߣ⡢־Ҳһ
Сӣߡһ֣
ǰŸߣǧžһóһΧ壬ϣȻ׼
Ȼ̹ٶһҲӲɣ
ЦЦ̹Ȼ
ǧԴ֮ˡֹԺûһ䣬Լ塣
ܻҲһ
ѵӪĹأͨءҡ߷ǵ飬Ҫ鷳ǧæһҲ塣
˫ʵʵ̫
һ²յ蹦ǧͳ׵ıˡ

꣡
һһ۴ϸĹľӦնջأһĿ䣬۵Ļߴӹľվ
ߵʷǳʪվڹľУһͷ׵һ˹ԡ
κ˶ܸоϵΣϢ
̫Ĳ𣿡
ǰããɽľоľ˵
ûдġǰѪͻȻоʲôȻ˰µʱ㣬㵽һطǾ㲻ġǺͬȵʦҲֻǧ֮һĻᣬ㣬Ƶ
һŰɫۣǰһ̫ͼȱ飬ʸ¡ŵĵʿ
ʿͷһɫ˫̣Žţվһʯϣͬʱܣƺͣʲô
ɷԽԽˣɷ®ڵǵʦ˵ĻҲһ޴
ɷѵõడҸҿ϶ǾǴطԽԽˡ
ǳ̵ĵʿ
һ̶Ȼͻϳ˺ȻǾʦ֮м̫
ھʦԶʦ֮У̫ײβ̳ߡ
һλ˼֪࣬ȴ١
ңһλǽڻ
̫Ҳֻ֪°¡һεжжôأҲ֪˵Ƭɽ֮ôһ͵ǶӽϵΣϣ㲻Ҫʧ
۵Ļߵ
ǺǺǣ֣ͷİɡҵĲǾԲдġǰߣһԴߵ֪
̫Ű
Ϊֵߵ˵ͷٶ˵ʲôһ֣ڻٴǰ·
һ·ϣеľ棬ߡ޲ߴһȺŻ۵Ļͣ濪·ն
ѾһȺɽתƵĵˣǲǳΪֵ֣Ϊ̫׵ЩһĻ˭û˵ʲô
ããȺɽУһȺ˾΢һһ㣬׷Ѱ
ҵˣǰ棡
һһҹ֮󣬾һȺ˿ƣʱ̫̣һָָǰͻȻø߿
У̵ָҲκһεĶھҵĶࡣ
һ˴ϲһֱççпһ·
꣡
굲ǰľʹ£ǰ¡һȻʣվڼܼĴ£ȥֻǰһɸߵɽɽԴ䣬ƣͬһһ㣬طڴ֮ϣɢһçĵϢ
һ̣̫˵۵ԼܸоһŨ
һ߻һ飬˶ࡣ
̫ˣ
߾˶ҹʱ䣬Ȼʱ䣬һжֵõġ
ҵȺɽر
ֻǰδеľ޴ӵĴһԸ࣬յĸ֣ںӵУҲܹռݸϷ硣
̫ˣӵһ˵ģ
ֵθ鼤߿ѣ
ˣϽ֪ͨӵ¡
ǹֵĻû˵ͻȻͱһʧˡ
ô᣿
쿴ôзӣ
һͻȻָɽķʧ
ֵȻֹƣ̫ףһһ˳Żָķ򿴹ȥ
¡
һ̣𾪵ĿУԶԶģ϶ˣɫĹܶȻƶϷ֡
һͷһӴסˡ
̫Ҳסɫ˫ʧֵڵ϶֪
ôܣ
ʯ䣬̫ԺΨһͷ


305 ¶
˶ˣ
ر̫͹֣˵ˡ
̫⵽ô£㲻˵⻹һƬδĵطǣ˭Ҳ֪𣿡
ɫ䣬ҧݣһһֵı仰
ⲻܣ
̫ǰ˼ûֵһ̣ȹֻҪ𾪡
ʮǰʹﵽ˼ߵ衣ʦ֮Уܺһȿ
Ĳ֮УطǾû֪ġԼ˽ȵǡ
ʵڡ
˱ķЩһһۼڽĹȺǶʱܹɵġ
ûпǻûз֣
һߵĻһ˿ϣ
ûܣ
̫ԥķˣ
طƫԶ͹ٵǷʲôǾԲľġ
ûпܣɽˮ
ûܡһ·Ķ𣿡
ʻĻĬˡ
һ·Ҳ̫ˣΨû뵽ľǡȻ˽ȵˡ
ɽͶһŹɲǣĶ˰ء
̫𣿡
ε˸ŭҪӶأƾǰһĻͿԶ¶ˡ
ȷʵ
̫û˵ͱˣ
㿴
ಣ
ùֶ˵̫׷һţϵĽɫ˫Զ䵽̫С
ժһƬҶӣ̫ٴβ
ôӣ
ͻȻֵĽȻͬһ̫һӴסˡ㱾ɫ԰ס
ڣɫøӲ԰ˡ
̫뱲ӽϣԼĲ㣬̫൱ŵġ
ڣ̫ͻȻԼĲȫʧˡ
һӲ㣬һȫ㲻׼
⵽ô£⵽ô£
̫׻ȫ˷硣뱲ӽţһͻȻ÷ֱ
ɷɷֹɷáɷܶôĸ棬һء棬紵ӿ޳áʲôｨЩҵ㣿
̫ƶ˵һشعһƬҡ
ϵĲʾǡЩӲѲʱŻֵĲ
ĲΪ䣬֪˶ˣû
ԶƮ̫һԥľ͸ȵǵһ
ΣҪ֪Щ˵˭ʲôȣĲܵ档
ˣ
һʯ׹£̫ײһɲǣ͸оޱȡԷ֮ӲĻҪԲ㡣
˵ʲôˣ
̫зŸո֣Ѿͬ縺ɽޱȣû
ԽԽҪ֪ˡ
жӣΣҪ֪һ𰸡
¡
̫ȥɲǣһɾ޴ͬһ㷴ɶ
̫һۣɱѪ֡յĲ㱾Ѿɫ԰ף㲣һɲϼˣʱǰһڣֱ͵
̫
̫

һȺ˴ʧɫְ˽æס̫ס
ˣô죿
һȺ˷׷ֵߡ
û£ֻģιȥѡ
̫ײȻ㣬߶Ҳ֪ҲҪľġ
ĶԽİԽϸĵľѪԽࡣ
Ȼ̫ȣԹȥˡ
ˡ
վһӵĻ𣬵̫׶ȥˣȻ޴йֻ֮ܲ
ˣô죿¿ǶεжκܸߣҪȻھͰɽϵЩȫɱ⡣ֻҪֽ㣬Բ˿켣
̫׻ԣһߵĻͻȻǰ˵һ˵ţһ˸׺ݵĵеĶ
ǶߵĻֻҪһ£ɱɽϵ˾Բ̫ѡ
һȣ
ȴûôçײȻҲͬ뷨
ȲȥʣƬطǲ֮ءǵģǾ͸Ͻʱǽ˶ٽһǹǵġ
ǶԷ׼ѾȥˡǾҵĬĬ֮ûʲôĺ̴֣ǾȺǺú̸̸ӵ壬óƬط
ԷʶʱǾ͸ɵȻٰЩ˸ɵҲһ
ֵ˼·оݣȻǵһθˡ
ԷбͿɽأ
һʵ
ߣ
һЦֻ۾ݹǵĺ⣺
Ǿʲôɽ»󣿡
ˡ
˵ͷᡣ
һȺûоκˣ̫Ϣ˳ȥ
һȺ˲֪֮ĵطһ˫۾ĬĬעǣֱǴ̫˳ȥˣа˲΢΢һı

ȥµĲ̽ҪҪ˳ĶࡣڴһǸɽ΢ɳ̡
ָֻɽλãõҪϢ
ֵ˵ʱ˶סˡ
壿
Ǹڶʹ¼ʥʣѳҰ췭ظˣ
Źӣ
ҵˣ

һȺˣոѹ̫ףȫסˡ
Ȼ
˭Ҳû뵽ȻǾҵˡˣ˵Ժֳֻܸ֡
ǻӵܣĿδҪ̳дͳˡطκǰǸЦ
ҲǹָͲ¶ʲôͷԭ
Ǿҡ
˭Ҳû뵽Ĵ𰸡
ҲȴʤڵʥʻʱҵүӾ¸Ĵ
ʥֹһڳǰ˵ҵүӣ˳ƾŹλԲߵ߶ȡ
Ҳôǿʢ
ү֮󣬱»һķݣүӣʱ
˵Ĺϵ֪
үܵʥһӾ鷳ˡ
ͻȻ֮Ͷ
ܶ
˵ľԲܶ
֪ҲԲȥôðյ顣
⵽ô£Сô֪ĴڣҵǸãȻͨ𣿡
ֵڲ϶һˣͻȻüͷüޱȡ
ˣô죿
֮ǰ
ҪҵǾһµģֻ취ˡ
һͷʹ
벻ԼӿеĶȻᱻȵǡ
ԭ
ʱ˿̣ոѲõ̫Ҳͷת
뱲Уǹ䣬ֻĻҹСһ̣ͻȻϾǰδŹʮǿҵȤ
ܹڲʱɵ˾Ƿ֮ΣҪ֪ϵʲôܡ
ͷ̫׺͹ֵһ뿪˴¡

֮һԵϢʦ
ʦ⣬ççȺɽ֮У벻ʮĵطȻһǰδеľ͵
Ũ½ѵӪʮϣҲ˾Χκһ
£Ҳܹȵ·ġ
ʮĹ򣬾ֵܵµĹ
Ϣʦ䶯ˡ
ϢһҲ֮ӿ˶ĿǾǡ
壡


306 ֹԺɧң
ǧĹͨǳ˳
ϱӡнָĽ̹٣ѵӪеĵλԶĽ̹٣Ѹ߷塢ǵ˵һ֮󣬺ܿ͵õ
߷塢ҡ²á֪ûǲѵӪġǧǱ˺ܿ
Ȼ塢պɽûʲôƣǧǻǷߣ˻ǵõÿ֮ٿаµʱɻѵӪ
Ҳû£ֱӰǴȥһԱٷͬ顣
ҲԼǿ˵ʵ
Щ˿ɶ忴еδĸɽǵʵԽǿԴԽδҲԽܷӳðԼ
壡
壡
ӣ
ӣ

ֹ֮Ժɹ⣬ͻȻ֮һضɽҡź洫
Щ˷ܵźܼĽŲͶеɽķƽ
ô£
ͶŵԾеĲ豭ȥˡֹԺѵӪһξ롣
ûѵӪд֣ƽʱԼˣû˹˵ôضɽҡģԲһ㡣
䣬ȥ
忴Ŷ
ԾͷһԣŲ豭ͳȥʱˣҲܵӰ죬ϲ˺Ȳ衣
屾ΪԾһͻû뵽յʱ䣬ԾųԺſڣһδӡ
ô£ôȥôã
üͷ
ӣ˺ܶˡЩˣȫҪֹԺ
Ծ˼ǳŹ֡
ʲô
һȻ˫ְɫεķϣһվ
ֹԺ
ûзôˣ
ҳȥ
˵˳ȥ
䣡
ɽϮϮֹԺĴ߳ȥޱߵӿһɲǼ䣬·̤һ硣
Ծ˵˺ܶˡߵʱ򣬺ܶǶˡ
ɽȺ飬ֹǼǧǰ׻ȸ䣬Ӫͳͳˡ
ӣҰɣ
ӣֹԺ
ңңң
ˣҿȥ

һ󲦵˿ɽֵ壬һ˷ܵͨ졣ԾǣȻвȸŮ
Щ˺۵ȫͬ
ԭǾ壬Ӣ
ʱһƬҡ
⵽ô£ôͻȻô˾ۼҪֹԺ
ӣЩ˶ֹԺġ֪ΪʲôЩ֪ѵӪһЩ˷顣һЩԭûдӦֹԺˣͻȻıע⡣Ҫǣ֪ΪʲôЩ˾Ȼ֪˹Ǿһˣ
һƵԾ䲻֪ʲôʱ˳һߣһ˵Ÿոյ鵽Ϣ
ʲô
ȻͷԾ䣬ԾС

Щô֪ģ
ûиˣ֪ĶԼˡ߷塢ǾԲ˵ȥġ
ЩžԵΡ
ң洫˵ӷֵһ͵ԪŨʮ죬Եֵ¡ĲֹѵӪˣѵӪеˡ
Ҳ˵ڳѵӪˡҲһ֪ˣ

ǵģ
Ծĵ˵ͷ
һӣɫ
ĻҪأϢѵӪҲ˵ڿ³ѵӪϾеĿҲ֪ˡ
֪һ¶ʲôЧҴ壬Ȩŷûһܹջ
ϱӣʱ˷ôľ룬Ȼôһȴû˷֡
һɲ֪˺һеʹϧ
Ҳ֮ûãܹȥѰˡ
ǣ鵽ô¶ȥġ
Ҫ֪һҲһ֧⣬ֻ֪үҪｨǸ
Ҳ֪µɽԪرḻʲôҲ֪
ı̶ܳȡ
ڣϢһӾ¶ˣһǱȥġ
һľˡ
Σţ߷塢ǻᱳԼ
һ˰Ϣɢȥ
а
һȷޱȡ
߷塢ǲŸȥþͷ飬˵ʵзǳĲˬ
ʲô˰Ϣɢȥģ
Ժд˷
ϲָо˰ǣߣǳı

ڳ˼ʱͻȻӭһֻѩ׵Ÿ룬ֱһ죬ʶץס
Ÿϰһż׵ż㣬ϤŨīһ˳
ʦţ
ʦţ͵ʱ򣬶ż㱳滮Ũīбܣа˵Ķӡǡ
ѵӪ£⻹ǵһյĹš
Ȼˣ
żϵݣüͷøˣзչˡ
ʦа˵Ųֻᵽ֮ǰһİͻȻβ˵ĸ
ʦûлָϾԶԿòǺСֻ֪ǼΪףмԴǻʹķΡ
һˣϻһĶ
ʦȻûĸ࣬ЩϢ˵Ѿаˡ
Ȼ˹ɢȥϢʦҲյϢˡﶼҳӣ⼸϶Ҳвȥ̽á
а
һͿΨһֵοԼӹ飬ǰ˺üƽɽͬɽһ
ҾҵҲ㹻
ϵЩ̹ڣټүүĽƣ⾩ǵĵؽ磬û˸
飬ֻҪԸʲôҴ壬䣬ͳͳֻ̾û
ƣҲǻ˰Ϣͱֲԭ
̣ǾʦˡֻЩʦˣŻõ̡㣬ˣôܲ㵽ҵ
а˼⡣
Ȼʦ⵹Ҳ͵ͨؼǣϱǵøûʦ㾩ʦΧ
Ӵɷŵģɾ޴Ӱ졣Ҳڵȵĩձ֮ʱԼը籡Żᱻ˷ˡ
ڣûȵǳƽٽ٣Ȼʦ㵽Լʵڲ˼飡
δѾ˺Լӡȫͬı仯
壡
˼ʱͻȻеĴһɽ·Ⱥ֮УһӢˬŮӣƮһӧǹֿȺɽϳ
ֹԺĻҪסǱ˻֣Ͻֹǣ


307 ֮
СӣȻھôһϢ׼ʲôʱң
߹ݺݵסļֱ΢һȫĹ졣
ѾﵽԪŽ׵۷壬ǺŮ˱ȣΪδһ㡣
ģȥʱӭʲôʱȥʲôʱȥԲ㡣
Ц
ֱϴľһһӣϸȫȡѾ˰˼ǿУǺֶȣоԼǲ˲١
Сӣģ
Ļ۾һΪϲʹסҲ˲١
ˣǼкѣҲҪȥ
û⣬һȥɡ
ҲĻֵô󣬶ǼҲࡣҾƾպǵĹϵҲôġ
Сӣ⻹࣡
ϲһɿļһĻŭŵӡơóѣ˼ע⵽ֹԺ
ףԺӵͦˡ
һο
Ժӽ˺ܾúðɣ
ǺǺЦȻȸеԶҲһϢ֪ɣ
˵Ǹգڿһ㶼١
޳ϣȥϢϢ˳㵽ɡ
ָһֹԺĻ
ǣӡ
ܿȥ
ӣô죿
ȵǸֲŮˣԾڿڵ
ٴüͷɽµȺ
ȥѼһЩҪֹԺһȻ󽻸ҡ
ֹԺ飬ұ׼һһӡڣûбҪôˡھһõĻᡣ
һȵˣն
֮У⸣֮Ȼˣ˸ֲʲô鶼ԡ
õĺãδһ£һ
˾ϡ
尲ȥԭȺĻȫȥռ
ԭΪܵЩȺʱһƬڡǻֵ
¾Ƶ˶û뵽Ϊ飬ѵӪˡ

ռʱһֻ׸뻩ȶշ
עǸƽӡ
򿪰׸ϵż㣬بӡǣʱסˡ
΢΢ԥһ£ż㣬ܿ쿴
بźƽֻм򵥵ļ֣žѯ壬ʦ͵ǲġ
Ǿôһƽƽûʲôʵݵţ֮ȴȥ
żبĴǷǳĿȫͬȻ⡣
Դب˽⣬ⲻǳԴ󲮵Ŀ֮Уѯʲôһ
ԴبڳϵĵλΪѣȴвˣָ
ֻҪ΢΢һ룬ó

̾ϢһżͻȻޱȡ
û⣬ôΪѣ֨֨ȴֲܲ˵ģӦþǴˡ
֮ǰյʦа˵ţ˵дһε˳ʱоѾвõԤˡ
һйȻ֤ʵˣ
û⣬ʦ㵽ڣȻ󷢲ϢԼһλӣôдѯԼģҲһλӡ
ĵڷˡ
Ⱳתľǡ֮¥¼̫¼ڶʹ¼Щıǵ¼ûһܹ֮͡ȡ
κʥ֮ԶΣյ顣
һʧǧźޣٻѰгͻִ֮УҡΣյľǡ֮
Ϲλڲ棬Ķɱ棬ʬ
ǻ֮
κ漰ȨᣬǼĲпѪġ
¥¼ʧˣܹȫһӲд̫ܶ꣬¼ҲΪƽ
ڶʹ¼ǹңҲûֱӵϵ
ǻ֮
һ»ʵǻǰֵ֧жԻӵˣȫƬ߲棬һŶС
ʥѡļ˲棬ʬ˵ˡ
ʥʵǻʱˣﻹʲô⡣

ڡ֮һֱ൱ĽܲȥͲȥԶ롣
һȴʹ޷ıȥΣյС
بĴӣǴʦѰػӡһλӾȥԿ϶ضиĻ
ЩӲǾܾǴӦǻǸ
ⳡΣУȷܹܱǴҲǴ
еż㣬֮ǰδеĳء
ͷȻֱʱֻһһˡ
̾ϢܿתصֹԺ

ǿ
ֹԺææҵʱ֪ȸĶˣһЩָʹݷǷĺɫŮӣ̤һȦ⻷һɫ̱Ĺ֣һֹԺķ
ʮװŮšЩŮһΪǷĶ侳ΪѵӪԵرۡ
ǺܺõĻᰡѵѵӪ͸Ӳݴˡ
Աɫ䣬ɫ̱һ֪ܲõĹֵָݣȴ͸һɽۣһ֪Ĺ
ָһš
һµϢ
ָʾһ̽Ѿǰڵĵط̽ˡϢǣŨŨ
ҪǣΧ㼫㡣
ϢѾĶˡ
һ͵Ѿڻ֮𵽾޴ˡ
ȻǾͰ
±ߣ޻˹߰ѩס޳ĲҲѤõĹ⻷ԭɫմԵĸ
ȻҪģСӿɲء
ͻȻüͷȻþӹУƽҲǸ޻˹ߣȴ˫֮
Ҳû룬ͰԼѼĹСӵϢ˵˳
ߣһΪʲôءԭֻǸȡļһҲǸʲŻ
޻˹ڶʹ¼һм
˵ٴѵܱȻʼһҾͲţҲ̳˵ˣܾǾʹӦҿɲϲ˾ܾ
޻˹˵һȭͷһӴ֮ڱ¶΢΢
侳ǿߣһһĪ
ΪҵĽ֦ҶнıǮ侳ΪͬĽɫǰֵһᡣ
˵ǡǿҲǻʼҵūšһҾʹȥƣСҪĸҾܾʱū湫úýѵѵԹԵİ
ͻȻ˵ͷ¶һëȻЦݡ
ܹҪʲôҲжѣֻҪһ仰õ
ūŵʹ


308 ޻˹
ӣܽˡ
֪ʱȥȺɢȥԾźһ˽
ϰɡ
ɫ㣬һźŻǰָǰ̴ӵһϱӵļ˺ܴĺ䶯
ҪֹԺˣԶҪö࣬Ӫ˶ˣЧͿ֪
Ӧðѹظһˡ
а
ԭļƻֻѵӪա£һвܵˣǣǴﵽߵĳɾ͡
Ӫ˵ĵͻȻıע⡣
ͻȻãӦһԭļƻӪҲһ
ֹԺյżûб䡣
ҪյĲǵߣˣƱضǡʦǵľ¥ѵĹӶֶҪ
ҪģӵһսָӲܣǾ߱Ǳˡ
һ仰ҪյģЩ־ͬϣδܹͳ̵佫
ϵ忪ʼһ߻ǰļ䣬һ߶ʼѡЩΧ
лƣѵӪģеӡ󡭡ⲻǾʦлҵӵھл˵Ϊ壬û뵽Ҳˡ
忴ϵһ֣˼
ӪеĽǣԶûѵӪô࣬ôڡлôɾͲġ
лƵȻȲѵӪɫİǣѵӪҲǼΪĴڡ
ӡУ˸߼ξļǾеĸ߼١
ӵܣСĿȾӦûǲġȱģһݻϵľĺŬ߼ξӦָҲܵġٵֹԺһİ˵ܰͻﵽϱûдﵽľ硣
а
δӵĿܣֻҪԣֻкܶĿܡлƵѣ嵹һѵӪĵӡ
ѵӪǳܵ͵ģֻһӵܣҼƺҲǺӡ
ֻǼ棬ԾģҲһ͵ѵӪС飬ҴлǺܳġ
ҵˣκ
Ƭ֮۾һһȺ棬ҵò֡
ڵκӦǵʱļûʲôӣѵӪûʲôڸУĴ緢˳ͻ
ĬĬţ޴ڸкӵ״̬κûᵽֹԺ
ʣҲκ湴һʡ
ѵӪУκںĴɾߡľӣڼδսУ벻ı֡
ھܹʵˮƽִмƻĴڡ
ÿһ󽫶Ҫй˵ָӲܣҪǣÿһ۹󽫶ҪܹȫԼսսͼʵִеĲ¡
κĴڡ
Ĳ̫ܲͻһ֪²ȫͬ
ΪһʵȴֲʧĲ£ÿһкͼĴ˵κ˲Ŷǲɻȱġ
Ҫǣ֪κڴɵĽɫѵӪеĶƿɳ¡
Ѹ뿪ѵӪԺ
һսѸٵ̥ǣΪѵӪе֮һ
ʱսܹΪԼԺʵսѡ
䣬ȥһزԣֱӹ
ָκ֣Ծ
ĻԾһ˿Ȼɫʵǿκ˵ʲô£ȻòԣֱֹԺ
һû¡
ǣӡ
Ȼɻ󣬵Ծ仹תһ˿ִȥ׼ȥˡ
ź飬¿ȥ
ͼţûʲôӡ󡭡
ͩѰǰ˻ʱ򣬶֡
䣬ʱԸɡ
ʯء
һŮԵ֣尴ŶͷͻȻͷ۵ĸоֹԺ˲ٵŮġ
֮ǰƻֹԺʱ򣬻ûŮġȻһ⡣
ңЩŮĿɲҪֹԺ
Ǽǵ֮ǰĲٿںţʵ˳ܲ𰡣
ͷ۰
尵
ʵǳԤϡһȫ򵥵ľܾ϶ǲеģЩŮһͷС׼ġݽɫҪһҲͷһġ
Ůӽ廹֮ǰûпǹ
ңлһɻ
ȻΪʲôͻȻôŮĳҲδ̫ˡ
а
֣ѿеһӡǡ
֪˶ãڵͷǵʱ򣬶ͻȻһСŮӵȻ͸¶һɸ߸ϣָʹʢ˵ζ
أ˭壬Ͻҳ
ţ
Ӱ̧ͷɻƺǴӴ⴫ģȴֲ
䣡
ûӦһ޴죬ԺӵĴƺı߿޴˾ڷжܵӰ졣
Ȼһصľ壬
Ҳ֪ſڵĻҲ߷ˡ
ʲôˣ
ӹһĨŭɫ͵İҴֹԺҲͰˣȻĻ
飡
򿪴ţ߳ȥɲǶʱסˡ
ֻſڴһȺᣬȴڵĹװŮӺһɫ䣬
ЩװŮӵǰ棬ֵԱߣһǣѩò毺ãȴ˪ĸŮӣŲһȦѤķۺɫȦָʹɨˡ
ΧӹøĽȫΧͷ­ʹ
壿
˪ĸŮתͷķһʢˣ߸ϵӡ
忴Ůӣסˡ
岢ʶŮӣȴϵһȦ˰Ѥõ⻷Ȼ߾ҹϮҹֻԶԶľһƳ
޻˹
ԺһͷһɲǣͻȻֺܲõĸо
㻰أ
þõò𰸣޻˹Щͷ
ǣ֪ʲô£
һ˵ţһߴ̨ȥ
ߣȻǾٺòˡ
޻˹ƲȺֹԺĻ˵ֱȥɫֺһȺװŮӸ˹
ݹ٣֪֮ʱΪ£
һ߲ɫ߹һߴ˸ƣʾԱߵĻ
һ
ˣ
廰û˵꣬ͱ޻˹ˣ
ߣȻ֪˭Ǿ͸ðˡ˵һɣ
ն˿ɣ
飡
ֻһɫԱߵһŮӺ߹ȥһ׼õĿհ׵Ȳ̴ľϡ
Ա߰ӡĺɫӡ඼׼ˡ


309 ǿƣ
ֲõԤڱʵ
ŷǰĵкɫӡ࣬ɫʱѿޱȡ
޻˹Ȼǳġ
֪ܴ鷳Ҳû뵽鷳ô졣
ǵһΪԼǰĻҹ
ȻԼҲ֪Ǹ鷳࣬Ҳδ̫ѿˡʲôʲô븶Ľĺ£
Ȼ֣ΪԼȥҲ޷
ļƻУƫƫδıǼµĹؼҪȻҲһʼȥѰˡ
Ӳյ󲮸ţо֮Σʱ򣬻ɴĽȥ
ң֮Ҳܣױܵÿġ
ǿǰӣ޻˹ǲĿģװˡ飬ˡ
ҿһ𣿹ΪѾܸˣ֪Ҫµʲô
ûжŭ޻˹µȦѤõ⻷ƽ͵
ߣͲضܡֻһ䣬㽻ǲ
޻˹üһб壬һɵ
Сӣ֪ǾŹӣȻˣûǹԹԵİ
Ա߿ɫ䣬ΪΪɲĹͻȻ
˵ǣôϻ㽻㽻ˡ
ԹԺƤ֮࣡
޻˹棬ŮҲǲһĶҡӡ
Ǻǣ޻˹ʥʱ£˵ϷϹģһͣöȣҲҪǮȥ򡣹һԣҪҪһҪ˵һ䡮أ
ŭЦ
ߣǿɲ㣡
޻˹Цһƺϵܾಣâһ޻˹Ӱһһֻѩ׵ȴǯҪ
ˣ
Ͷ޻˹Ҫ֣ʯ䣬һ˲ʩչˡӰֻâһһģһ˲޻˹ǰ
޻˹۸ڶֹԺûһ֮⧲ʱ˿ա
޻˹΢΢һ漴ӦҲûȥ׷ŤͷһЦһߵ֡
֣ô˵˰ɣСӾǾƲԳԷƣǲĸԸġ
ٺ٣ģСӾͽˣ
Ҳһ㺮˪
ȻŹڳ͢飬ءǹѾˣҲɲˡ
ˣ
£һ˿⣬ɲǼ䣬һֱ߶ϰΣվͷƤ飬Ƥ·һ㡣
ã
дݣҲȥǻǳˡһֻݵצѸٱ仯ǰҪ£ͻȻ
ӣСģ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬һӰͻȻ˹ɫĹ֮ͥ䡣
䣡
ʧɫ
ǧһ֮ʣĲǱˣǸոԾ䡣ԾǵΪɲֵĶ֡
飡
Ծ伸ײȥͬʱͱɳȥ
ٺٺ٣СӣĲ°ɣܹİ
һĹЦ𣬿ķӦͻȻˣֱΪץոշɳȥԾ䣬廹ûأͱһεǣֵǰһסεѹڽ¡
ɡͿ԰ˡҺ͹ҲԵʲôûз뿪
ӣҪӦ
ٺ٣Сӣ㣬;ôӲ
һЦִĴָ΢һ廨ָûԾڡ
ССһ廨롱ҲûжԾȴʹ̲סгͷ亹
ſ
ͣ½Ųͷŵŭ
кܶĥ˵ַֻҪһ۾֪϶϶Ծĳĥ˵ķ
ߣȻûˡ
޻˹һ
⣬ҪͼߡӲ˵ġҪֿԣ
аŭűԾ䣬ֲͶ
ǾԲܽȥģ
ǰһһ٣òĴ𰸣Ǿưոݵġڻûж֣ΪƶԼӲˡ
Ҫǵò𰸣´Ͳӡ
壬ʮ֣ٲĵͱҲһ
߻˼⣬޻˹ǱȴѾĻƽЦŸͨ뺡
ֹԺڵͻȻ֮䶸
һˣֵݵָҲ΢΢۽Ծ䡣
Ϊֹڹ˼ɾŹ棬ûѿ廹ǲʶ̧٣ⲻҪԵͷˡ
޻˹Ҳ̫ˣͲʥ𣿡
ŭ
ߣҪ𷣣ҲԺ¡
޻˹ӱһһĲΪ⣺

˽Ը⻹ʱֵע⣬˵ʲôܲСӻòСӣŹ棬ܹԼ͸á
޻˹ô롣
һʮѾļޣСٲϣ͹ֲˡ
ߣǵøԵͷɣ
޻˹ȭͷк޺޵
Ĭ޻˹Ȼû˵ʲôĿ嶼ܸоĶ⡣
ӿ϶Ӳ˵ġ
վ˷ȻֻĶνӴ֪ǰλҹλֵΪѾԶԶԽ侳ﵽһɲĵز
Լǰ˵ʵȫѹʽġ
鿴ˡ
гȥھԵǰʲôûõġңǰλǻҹУܶƶһöûС
ԴҲķ
ͻȻ֮䣬һһͷӹԺͻȻעˡ
ߣ޻˹Ϊû̫áûв´Ϊ˶İɣ
Ϊ˵ʲô˭֪һĸͬĸ硣ˣʲôͷȰ㻹ͷ
޻˹ָһһĲм
ˣǾˣֻʣһˣ𣿡
Ȼˣ
仰д󶨡
깬е飬Ͳڹе飬ܶ඼֪ޡҪԷ׿ڳϣһһϺá
ӣȻΪ
а
ļͥǻңĶǵҲǻҡ޻˹֪赭дһ仰кܶණ
ӡûмǴĻʮʱϵĳذȱݣʹڼҵĻдڷǳĵλ
޻˹ãҲΪһĸͬĸ磬ǳͬ飬ҲǳҪ
ԼǿΪľǶӡ
޻˹Բ֪ϵİѾκˣڶ淽棬ûбֳ
Ϊ֪޻˹ܳ谮ԶҲͬһֱ
ڱϣȴһֱֵĺֳ緶޻˹Ӽ谮
Ҳʹ޻˹磬ԽĽڻʹԽ򱧲ƽҪȥ


310 
Ļ̫ԼһĸͬöҪƭܲϲ
ƾĶۣһֻλеֶΣȴܳΪƭ˵ɡ
޻˹ͬһѵӪе֪ܲ˵޻˹ѵӪУ˼ع֮󣬶˵֪޻˹жԲŻһֱûж
һͷٵӹԺӵԼϱһЩ飬иоԽĲ
һȨᣬٴӵĻҲò򵥡
Ҳͽȥԭ
ߣ޻˹Ϊֵܰ𣿡
һ˷ӣֱ޻˹˹ȥԳηӡ
޻˹֪֪ӵΪˣأȴҪ취ȹġ
٣СӣˣʲôУ
ֵεȷḻзһӣ֪϶ˣʲôͷ
ȴ´ˡ

ֻһЦûȥ֣
޻˹֪֪峱ܺɽˣȻ˼ȥȡҵʲô
ˣ
޻˹ע⣬˵ʲô˵Ҳȥ峱֣޻˹ͳͳɫ
Сӣƭң
޻˹ͻȻɫһಣ۹һûӦ͸о󱻿סˡ
޻˹ٶȱ֮ǰֹһӦѾסˡ
ֱʱ֪޻˹ΪʲôƶԼܲˣһ㶼żԸԼ
壬ٸ˵˵ôܻʧܣô˵˵ҾͲֹҪһôˣ
޻˹г֣üĿŭͬһ˪ֹԺһֱһν̬ȡ
һΣԸо޻˹ˡ
ǸһССĽѵ
꣬޻˹ָǯоԼ󶼺ϵˡ
ȴ߶ûһ
ʵ̫̫ˣ޻˹СֶΣ㲻ʲô
޻˹ֻǸһʵŲ㡣ǾңеϢܻȱͨһЩں˵˵Ǿ͵ʲôû˵
Ц
Խ޻˹ԽĲˡ
Աߵֶò
ꪽ峱ǶˣͶӵĹϵǱѰ峱ڱʧܣʧǳأԻܵʥʵϳ͡
Ƶ۹Խʧǳصĳͷǳء
Ҫǣ˵ӶܵۡڻȨУҪġ
Զ˵Ǿһ鷴޹ؽҪˡ
һ㣬˵һ㶼û
ʱһţС˵ģǾͷͬСɡ
һص
һ˵޻˹ʱҲˡ
Сӣ֪ѡ
޻˹û˵ͱˡ
ǣ޻˹㣬͸Ͻĸϻعһһ붼顣ڻüϽΣѺɽĳǳضҪȻٺ٣Ϊһܰ˶𣿡
Ц
ɲѣÿһ仰ġ峱ܺɽϢ֮ͻᴫؾʦ
Ȼһ岢ûи޻˹
ͻ˵ϰǸϰפǳصġǾ㹥˺ɽҲֻʱġڱͥǿʵͻڹֻ֮Ѹٵ뿪
峱˾ȥ򣬵ͻ뿪֮󣬾׵Ķغɽ
Щ岢֪׵ĸ޻˹
ǿƣʢ˵ĹȻһҲǺõġ
Ȼ޻˹ֱһƣҲ˲ϺƽϣѾüëˡ
֣ߡСӣ֪ƭң֪ʲô
޻˹һߣһк֡飬ָһһɾֹԺԺǽ⣬һʮɣ߸ĴӦϣ޴䵽ֹԺԺ
Ů˺øߵΪ
忴һĻҲ΢΢ɫ޻˹ûʹʲôʵֻᵯһָף赭д϶ʮһŴʵʵǿֲ
ôҲ
һȺÿ죬ȥҲ졣
ʱڣȥʱļǣüëֻһ㳱ˮʧԺ⡣
ӣ
Ծӵվһֱۣ;ˡǯסѨ˶á
ζҪڿȫûбҪˡ
ҹ֦ҶôһʵΪˣû뵽仰ͰǴˡ
䣬û°ɣ
߹ȥĵ
͢ĥ˵ֶοɲǿЦģЩֶβ˵붼ġ
Ҳ֪ԾûС
һá
Ծҡҡͷ˵һ֮⣬ĻáҪǣļʱӦԣǸûʩչĻ뿪ˡ
ӡ
Ծֹ
Ȼ֪Ϊ˾ңǣȵǻ֡ʱǿɾ鷳ˡ
ֹȻһʱʣֻжˡȵ޻˹࣬ʱ鷳Ŀʼ
޻˹ĵλʵֹֻԺｫõظ췭˶ð
䣬Ϊƭǣ
ԲЦ
ѵ𣿡
Ծһ
Ȼǡ
ЦҡҡͷԾסӣҲûȥͣ
úȥϢɡһᴦõġ
Ծ䣬ȥֹԺµĵط忴һϤӰɽ
ҵĵǶˡǰһˡ
Ǹ˱־Եĳǹ˽ĿɨһԺڣȻ壬һɻ
޻˹ˣ
Ц
š
˵ͷһӵϢˡ޻˹е㽻飬мˣ塣û뵽·޻˹ļǵ뿪ӱϡ
㵽׸ʲôԻ޻˹ɲֻưոݵˡ
´壬һĺɡ
޻˹ǼҴҵӣɲõӡûõ޻˹ôܻưĳݣ
Ĳˡ
һоЩ͸ˡ
ٺ٣
ɸɵЦûнͣ
Ժٸ㣬ڻ鷳һæҷѼ˺ܶвٵŮЩŮһ˽⣬黹鷳ˡ
á
룬ֹԺȻӰ죬ͲһŮûСһϣȫܾҲһЩ鷳
ʵһЩ޺һС
ͣ
ϣĻһ±ˣ̿ĿЦ´һ壬̲סЦԽ΢֮Ŀ⣬ֵֹģˡ


311 δĴƻʵۣ
Цʲô
ֻĪѵոսʲôܺЦЦ𣿶񣬡ʵ˲
Сӣ֪֪ΪʲôͻȻôŮ
̿
ⷭΪ⣬ʵĿˡ£û뵽Ȼ֪ʲôһ
֪
ĴмΪ⡣
ı飬̫ˣ
ŶӣЦԽˡ
˵ô£
һӵӣ弱ֱš
Լ룬һ㶼²𣿡
ˡ
ô֪
а޲ѣһ˵˵أ̲סҪƫƫλʵͣԼĶ֡
Ǻ޵ʱͻȻ֮䣬һԺ뵽ʲô
㣡ŪĹ𣿡
忴
֡Ӧ֪ŪôŪϷԼģӡҲֻǸˡ
ЦøˣŶӣЦֱ
巴ӦٳٶҲ֪ԼĲ¶ˡ
㣡
ͻȻôŮֹԺȻĺͶѲ˹ϵ
Цˡ֪֪Ǽһ˵ʲô
ûʲôǿǱ飬ͻȻоý̫˼ˡ
ýŻ˵׼ϱ˭ҪֹܹԺ˭ϣΪҵϱԣŻѵӪôŮ
ҲʣԼͽҿյס
ʲô
ӦʧɫΪʲôôŮҺûֵĿںţѹͲߣû뵽Ȼԭ
ǿʲôЦ
Щˡ
ⶫҲܿЦȻ֪ǿЦ˿ɲô룬ֻѶյĻġ
֪㲻ţҲû뵽ȻԼôһӡ
ѾԼҶѵӪЦǰˡ
˵ʲôɡȥ濴ȥˣ˵мŮһǼӽҿɲԺʱĿǵĳСӡ
Цţһˣȥ
Ҳһߣĳһƫƫû
һⲻǸҺ𣿡
һ룬»ܲת鷿дһǼżĸԼ㣬Ȼֹ߳Ժɽ֮С
֮鲻С£ΪֹӳˣҲ֣Ǹʦ㵽ԼĻӣѾĻӳˡ
֪һ󲨵Ļӳ֣ԼҪһˮԼӪ֮С
ΣյʱҪúõľһһô졣
ѵӪֹԺЩƽֵĵطٴˡ
ɽ֮õİ˼ĵط
չӰܿʧ

ɽïܣ죬ޣʱ˿̣ȴӰɢ
˴Լʮ˾ң񣬳ʮֿһĹӺݣͶһһеźǡ
ֻɫǲ԰ףƺ岢Ǻܺá
Եģһʮ꣬ĵˣŻҺɫ£Դޱȡ
עģĲӡ
Ϊһˣ˾Ȼûкڵġ
ȻΪˣյӦǵһȣʵϣȴԵ÷ǳĲͷ
壬ҶѾ㵽ˡ磬ǣӦûŹҰɣҲӦûҰɣ
ݿ˵Ĳ£ڵµС·ϡﾣľû·ġ
˼£ӲƬľвȳһС
ֵķ϶ϣ¶һ˿Цݣ¶ȣǳֱĸܡ
£ǺͿ𣿡
˱Ͳͷ⻰һķ꣬˵Ǽ䲻
ΪʼӵܣʥѪӦúԼĸʶ׽յõʥʵĳңϾ֮λ㵹ãԼҪõѵӪҲͰˣȻΨֺԼĸòԶ˼ȡϽ
˵̲סΪеĻ¹ȫûѡûõӡ
ӣһȨеڻҡȵ»ʵǻֻ·һ
Լ˲ҪʱҲ·һ
ԹʧܵĻӣߵͳͳ·һ
Ǻǣ壬֪ģҸͲϲᡣҲǵĶ֡Ǹҵ˼ңܰҲϲ
˵Ļ˷Цһ㶼⡣
ˣҿɲһ
òޱȵ͵һ˦˵ֱۣһŭǰȥ
ԽԽķǸɵԼҲ·һɱ޴ˡ
һ㶼ģ
Լô꣬ǰþˡ
Ǻǣ壬Сһ𳤴ģ֪˵
ӵƢļã˦ȥһ㶼û˼һЦ׷ȥ
ʼԹû顣
ʥʻ̫ӵʱĸֻ̫Ӽ檣λ£ȥˡ
֮жթ㹥Ҷᣬܹסߵˣ϶ˡ
ֻʣλ塱
ܹѾˣΪԭݹϵǳ
žʧķĻӴҴ׷ȥ


һֻֻĸӴͷϷɹֹԺķȥЩҴӹĸӣ֪ΪʲôͻȻ˿
ܶһʱһʱ뿪ѵӪľǵġ
Щӣɶмܰ
а¥ҦǴûлŹһΣĸоЩ֡

һھ޴֦Уһֻ㵯˳ȥڿһתһ֦ϡ
֪Ϊʲôû˵ĵطоǳķɣ˼·Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
㲻Ҫң
ͻȻһŭУɽ֮УԵرݶ
ţ
ü޽Ƕ˶дΪȣ
ˣ
Ķ
ŭ⣬ܲٴδԶƺѵʲôˡ
֡
ͻȻһ˿档ѵӪȻ˶Ȧ棬پųϵǲ뿪ġ
ȫΪǧԭݱ
ҲһʼѵӪʱ򣬾ѡǧԭ
ಣಣ
֦ϵϵķ׷ȥƬ֮󣬸ʮɵľ룬ڶϣŲҶһ۾Ϳһ˺Ϳվһƺڼҵִʲô
һ廹ûô⣬ֻǾúѵӪûмǵڶۣ̲סƤˡ
ࣿ
һӹԺôҲû뵽Ȼ￴ࡣ
磬ĿǰΪֹ֪࣬ӵ˿ʱࡣһ磬ûв֪λӵġ
ԭܼ򵥡
ΪǴһλҲһλδĴƻʵۣ


312 δĴ࣡
¡
һʯǧˣԶӰһƬκˡλδӣ֪Ĳࡣ
Ҳ֪ȻԼͬһѵӪһӪۣλͣרΪƽѵӪ
ʵˡ
ž
߻Ⱥɽ֣ⷢͻȻžһ죬ȥֻǻ˾Ȼһϡ

ǰֳһĨŭɫ飡ٶӵ£͵˺֮䣬ֻһƣͽǻɳȥˤڵδƻʡ
ңôĵӣ
عͷ̫࣬ŭ⣬ѾɱȻǷߵˣû⣬ǺǸŪȨĴ̫ҡ
߻һ֣̫
ĵһ鳼
ʥ֮˵һ˶ʹ޵Ļôһ̫
ǰ֪ɱѪ⡣
Ҫ쵰Ƶ֮ҵҲ˶жϡزۡ˵һ˴ĩڵһϣ
ˣ
пǣҪҪʱδᣬûгɳɺǸ۸ɵʱ򣬶ߴһº͵
෢ϵӣȴǾĵȻƽ
Ҳǹģֻһʱ嶯ʧְˡ
һ࣬Ҳǻɫ԰ףŵĲᡣոһȷʵǹ⡣
ȻһֱѵͷһֱԺ̻Ǹûȥһ⡣
ūŵӵĶ⣬ɲСȫͷû뵽ǣƧ˵ɽȻƫƫ˿ˡ
ҪǴȥﻹڣ
Բ𣬵£ҺͿˡ
ҷӦҲ죬žž͸ԼصĶ⡣
ǣ壬֪㲻ǹġ
Ӱ˰֣ɫ糣ĵ
忴һĻȴ˼ܹǼɻʣܵʥӣûԭġ
Ĳ˵ƾֹ˵غʣͲһ˿Աȵϵġ
ҹг߹󣬱̵ūһƣĻӣǱˡȴɫ糣Ϊ裬ͬʱֲܡ
һ㣬ͲÿһӶġ
λӣ֪ôƺ
ʱ𱻾壬Ļǰλ
ԼСȴһԼϤӡȻȴǵԼ
ʲôˣģʲôͼ
ⷭץסᣬҧһڡոһɲǣˡ
ӵҪǰСӴȴȥ·һлһ˿Ĳ
Сӵô֪Լҵģ
֮УҲû֪ԼֵİɣѵӪ·СӣȻһڽгԼ֡
Ǽˣ
ܣں취һ°СŪ
˵ǲǴġ
ž
һû˵꣬һƾͷصȵҵϣ֮󣬴󣬰׶
һб˵ңԱߵĻ඼סˡ򹷻Ҫˣ弴Ȼ֪ݣͲӦô
ߣһӴġ¿Բƽϣȴܲһѵ̫࣬ʲôʱԵɱۣԻˣҪҸ˸Ǵ£
̬ǿƣ
˳һ䣬ҽ壬Ǿҵӵܡүү䣬ǳ͢سبϡҪҾ;ȥɣ
ⷭһɫȸղŻҪ԰ס඼¶˾ȵɫһʶǰһ
ңŵڣ
ݾӶҪ߿һۡྪȵģһ
壿
´壬һľ档ڴƣѾҪκεļȥˣΪѾ൱ĳ
еĻӶ֪ʦ˸˲꣬塣
䴫ţ廹ʮꡣ౾̫šʱŷ֣ʵ±ԼĻҪС
ԱߵҾǵսľˡ
ڵԶûеһ죬λ˳ĵزҲƾӵΣȴûκεȨ
ڵྪĶҵþηѡ
ˬ
һжֻޱȵʹ졣ЩҺ֮ǵİգݺݸһƣоֱͻȻһ绹Ҫ
δǸƼ˲֪ٸ֡˵һ£߶
ڣһֻӷɹᱻ
·аħɸָǲ֪٣ˮйʹ
ЩҪɱĸ֣֪˾⡣
ڵңǺ߸ûôаֱ
Լǰֶ뻹ǽ
ھ͸ɵĻδһɣ
а
ң˵һ̫Ļ¹٣׿̫ݣȨԤȺӡ
δһʲگʼٸߡɱ˵δͻ˸ࡣ
Ҳһ
ͷҲֻԺһܿͱԼˡ
˫У棬з棡
ȻǸĴ鳼ȴҲһǴٻģ˻˺ܴİá
˼ưٳҵĻУһһεĶӵĸְ
ҲޱεԭһƶҲֱδȨĴ
岻붯һԭ
ڵĻ࣬Ϊ⣬޷书Ը⣬Щ˼ȡϽ
еȨǽȻ෴ġ
ڵĹУһֱڲͣĶ٣ߴ٣ȡ࣬ϣܹܷϡ
һʱ䣬һ£Ŀһ£˵ڽ߾еࡣ
˵һΡڡ
ҸովΪԭ򣬴࣡
ʯ䣬ԺһͻȻôˡ޵ѵӪ㵽ɽУԸʹȻ
ҪȨϵȨҫҰġ
˸ոձȻΪִ
£ˡҲû뵽ºҾȻһѵӪ
עܿתƵࡣ
Ǻǣӿ￴ŹãҲǳĸˡ
ЦǷ棬Ըܺã̸үүʱҲΪء
Ź͵ʥʾ֪Ĺ£ӡŮдöꡣ
ΪӣûһԼδǼʱ֪ļѻ
񣬳¾ҡھŹϴǹ֮ʥרűһķŹѯʣͷ
Ϊӣֹ£ȻҲĽ


313 ࣡
£ˡˣطƫƧô
ͻȻڵ
ӪԵµݣӦȫԽɣ
⡭
һʵϣһ˿ԥɫʹ֮е飬ô˵ء
Ҫǲ˵ˡ

ǣ⡭ʵҲûʲô
¶һ˿Ц
Ѫ㣬ֻ߸±㵮ĸһΪҶҲΪԭͲʺϰκε书ᣬ˵ûκεᰲҲ٣˵һǸϲһЩ
˵ţɫͻȻޱȵįҲӵи书ȥԼ߿Աˡ
ʵȴʺκε书
ʹ֮رظԾеĵҩرûá
͢ҽɸ֣ȫԴ
ΪһĸҲûа취˵̫ûа취ܡ
ԣСʱͿʼϣˡ
ĳԡøֵҩӷҲʹǳֱ۵ģɫԶô԰ףû˿Ѫɫ
ҪԭҲᱻһƣӲһƾȵ˦ڵϡ
Ҫģ
ԾеķȫûúںܶǰѾϣ
ڣֻϣܹӹȨУĵһطƽƽĶȹһ
Ǻǣ
𰸣¶һ˿Цݡ֪ˣ֮ѯֻΪ˽Ŀģ
£ʵҪ书Ļ˵а취
ʲô
仰һͶ˶ǻһ𡣾Ҷ˶ļɵ;£־ϲĿ塣
ӣЦˡʶ˵취ﻹһϣԼϣˡ
еֻһ£
£˵ʲôأ
ԱӰһͻȻ˽ǿҵҰĺսʤ˶ļɵͺ£
һԣô֪лǲأӣոūˣ˵ǸĿκõ£ū£ţɡ
ҿ壬ĵļȿ˵Ȩӽʮ꣬ӵˡ
ȱݣԼԭһҪûȻѡúͻرܡ
ǿһɽҰҲǿҰġ
ҺԴôЩ꣬һֱ취κӵĲһᶼ
Сˣеģ
Ϊʲôôҵı֣ҲԽ϶ежϡδĴ࣬ǰڵʱȷʵеô
иһܸʲôɫһҪһѡ
¡
ûңͺûпһǾֱࣺ
ҲȷܲУǰһλ֪ľ֡һҩ裬˵ҩܹԸ첻ļһƵáǵûãûԹҲûа취ش㡣
ûаѻ˵ĺԵ⣬ʮ¶ȴ¶ȱ£˵ĺܶණûзչȫ
һʱ뵽ľ֮ʯġѪ
Ѫ֮Դϰ书ĵһǰԪ뵽ѪҺ֮Сһ˵Ѫ˵ܽ⡣
ǵûãûԹҲҿ϶
⣬Ҳ֮ʯܱ֪
ӣء
ϰԵҪܾǿҵıȵĿ⣬Цһ˵ͷ
ӣǾ鷳ˡҪô
鷳һһֹԺɣ
Ƭ̵
֮󣬴һصֹԺġڶ¥һƧڵϣ˵һǸȻȡһ˹ȥ
£Ȱѵҩȥ
š
˵ͷнӹö˵
ȱݵҩ𣿲֣͹Щơ
С̷ֵҩֶϤˡ
ˡ
пһȴɫ糣治ɫ
ҩøҩƶɵġֻҪͬĳɷ֣ͻᷢƵζôֵҩأ
˵ҲǣǶˡ
ЦЦҲԼˡ͢ĵҩǹƵģô׵õָҩνӵ̷ȥ
ôˣ̷ô൤ҩʧôΡѾϰˡ
ӣô
Цʵһ߻عͷ
ڵþͿˡ
һȻ౳֮ʯġѪ֮ܲãԼҲ֪
ȴڱеġ
һֱкøеġֺøвΪ˽˵ԭ򣬶ΪӵûͬģģԼһ˴Ƶķܷ֮ġ
󣬵Ǹ֮Ǵ£ޡƽ¬ϯ£лʱǳ֮УΨһһΪģΨһɱΣյˡ
սʱҲǵһڻʹڼ󣬵ʳͨˡ
ϣġ
һ֮
ԸȴȱݣȻԸܵˣΪȴȱ֮֮ģ֮
һ漰۹սµʱֲһ漰ߵˣѶϾ˳
Ҳᵼһ󣬴ӡҡˡ˴ƺʷϵһ࣡
Ƶĺڣһ˰ѳֳǬ٣඼˿ܣµ۹˵սͼزۡ
Ȼ֮Ȼ࣬Ȼǲ鷢ġȻɱûõġ
λδĻʵۣӳԸϡվⲻôС׽Ļ¹٣صۡ
ŵ´Ƶϣ׵Ķ͡
ϸ˼֮ԳףΪλδĻʵ۱¸书
ǿ׳
Լʥľǿߣôңʲôˣƣǰʲô
Ϊȱ㹻ûа취ƺЩߵĻ¹١Ķҩܹ֪ɥ
ģǸıһУܹ书ӵǿ
ǿ׳
ӵ㹻ǿʵǴһλǿʥȻȲõʥʣҲ̫ࡣ
õʧ
ôһλʥľԼҲܷſֽţȥԼ縺ʹ
ЩͷԺһӶָܿ
£۹۱ǣǹģרעڡ
Ȼһֻư౳ģͬʱһͨԺе֮ʯ


314 Ѫ
âһʶһ硣һ貵ġʯبԺ֮Уͬһʱ䣬Ժг˺ܶϢ
ȿѪ
һܿҵ֮ʯеġѪһ巢֡Ѫʱڷӡ״̬õ˵ܽѾһٵ㣬Ҳ֮⡣
ѪڵѪҺϴһΣıߵ츳Ѫʹ޷ϰ书ˣܹ߱ϰڴ󲿷޷ϰ书ЧЧ
һ30㡣

ֻȱǵ㡣
а
ѪǺ͡ǡĲ㼶ͬһγֵġѪֻȡǡһ㡣
֪ǿĵطܹߵѪҺϴڸעһк˺Ե֡ı츳
һصҲӦǻѪȱǸ߳ԭڡңκεҩʯֱĿꡣ
κֶ޷ġ
֪ܲܶЧ
尵Ҳûеס
֮ʯϢȷעܵġܶԾ󲿷ֵЧˡ
ϣܹɹ
ͷԺһ̣һ¡֮ʯͻȻһ£һ̣һȵĺͻȻԺ籡£˳ֱۣӿڡ
ˣ
࿪ʼν̬ȣǵɰԵȵͻȻӿڣɫ΢䣬񣬰˵ģȫڡ
ѪԶİңǹ嶼͹𣬸оƤҪըˡ

о廹ҪǹںֻоںȼһŻ档
ֻûѪҺڷڡȼգȻͺһ
ȻΪԭ򣬾ƣùֵҩʹ࣬ûһΣܱȵڡ
ͺһı˺һ
亹һӾʹĶͷ˳ȻԽԽ࣬ԽԽࡣ
֮ʯ͸ڣȻӿࡣˣƬ֮֮ʯһ˿Ҳӿ뵽ڣһɣȻӵվ
ھͿԼˡ
忴ڵϵ࣬а
Ѿˣ黹ԶûɡһѪҺҪȫһ飬һʱ顣
˵֮ʯܸıһ˵츳
ȫӿڵٻаʱܳ׵ɸ졣
ҲԶ룬վԱߣ
μƻֹǹһӵ⣬ǹϵƺδˡ
Ľӽˮƻ˵ص顣
һδʥǿ󣬹ңԸеΪһܹѿȫ֣ʥ
˵ǰ붼顣
˵컯ʹͻȻǰδеӵֲĻᡣԼ¶֪ôΪʲô
ʱһһĹȥؽҧԽԽϵ·ѾȫʪˣԹ߶ܸоĪʹ࣬ʹ໹ԽԽ
գһܽꡢĽŲ洫ҵ
λδĴ࣬鳼¹ͬž޴ļ尾ÿһηµƷʱжޱȵΡ
Ȩ룬Ұġ
δһʲôӣһ̣ȫȫΪ࿼ǡ
ӣôˣ
ҵĽŲͻȻͣſڣŷ͸¶һ˫Ƶ۾
ߣǸ߹㣬Űɡ
û
ɫڨڨٴ
Ȼǵһμ棬֮УҶҵĹӣѾЩ¡
оĵġ
֪˶ãоϲ֮ǰôˡ
֮ʯЧڼˡ
Ȼ
֮ʯˣҲζŶĸҲӽɡ

Լһյ蹦󣬵ϣͻȻ۾һ
ô
Ŵ򿪣ҼǵһʱŶ룬һĿࡣһȻһֱ͵
ݺݵĵһۣҲûкƽϡ
£ڸоô
ĵڵĽʵһ㶼٣˵ʵҪ
һɲǣﾲĵģš
˵Ŀ⣬ȫ䵽ϡ
û˵ͻȻ۾ƺڸڵ״̬
оûʲô仯
۾һɻ
ʲô
ʧ䣺û𣿡
ҰĺƣһδεһδεĳϣȴһδεĻΪӰ
һɲǣҼֱ໹Ҫܡ
û˵еɫѾ˵⡣ΡѪ㻨ʮ˵㣬ɲһСĿ
Ļϻƽʵ൱ʧ䡣
жеˡ
ѵѪû𣿡
ʧ
Ѫƻеһ״̬ܹı״̬Ǿˡֻû뵽ʧˣһϣûС
ϲ֮δƻıˡ˵45㣡
ˣ
ʧ֮ʱͻȻ֮䣬һԺͻȻһƬϲԭĿ⣬ͻȻ֮
ԣԣһ¡
ͻȻֱۣһϲ
ôˣ
Ҷһ֡
ϰʧܣͽʵ壬׳죬ܣϲõôǲġ
һԣ£һ¡

֮ʯϤʧˣԲֹϲԼɹ
ȻԺг˽ǾһǲЧ
ֻǵʲôҲǺ
ûУûвʲô仯ӣôˣ
Ƭ̺һɻ
û˵´ࡣ֪϶ʲô仯ֻԼ֪ѡ
ԣûʲô仯£㿴
ͻȻ׵
ױһֱģ԰ףɫڣһ˿ѪɫҲû̫ˡ
ģ
һϲѣҲע⵽ˡͻ೯Ϧദ˽ⲻˡ
ɫȷʵ˺ܶࡣ
ھԷʲô
£ٸһ¡϶ʲô仯
Ҳһϣ
һͭܿݵǰΣҲˡɻǣȷʵǸоûʲô仯
֪ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ժһ֪ôˡ


315 䣡
£㰴˵һ书Ӳǰû书ȻҰˣǱϲκεı仯
֪ˡ
֮ʯġѪֻܸıһ˵Ѫͳ츳һͻȻǿ
仰˵ǰ޸֮Ȼ޸֮оϵȻʲô仯
֮ʯĻѪƾմһ֡
һᣬҲĶˡһɲǣ໹жһϣ
ã֪һŹ
ͻȻڵڱ廹Ҫڴڹȥʱεڴĸı䡣
ν͵ȻΪĲںΪʧ̫ΣϰߣȴǶǿϣ
ǡǡ෴ȱӵĿߣĿä˸ӿɫ⡣
Ȼֻɫϵĸı䣬˵ǡǡϵõϢĸı䡣
ڹ򣬷⡣֮иȱ
һ׹Ѿļ˹
飡
ҵĿУͻĴһȭһȭ֮պ裬񾭹ǧٴεĴһ㶼ǳѧէ

һ˿ȡһȭ汸ڵΪˮƽҲòһκεë
飡
һȭ֮󣬾ǽһ̤飬һ̤ޱȣıһΡ
ֻһ۴СǳСɣէһΪߡ忴Ľֺʱһ
ֺ
̧ͷǰ࣬ĸоȫͬ
ԭʥ׼
צצצצӲԽԽ࣬౳εһ۸ۡ
ÿ֪ξȻצ
ʼϸĽ綨ᴫ౳ľȻצΣ⵽ô£
в첻ѡ
ҴצѧģֻһˡǸ֪಻ѧϰ书Ҳ˼ȡϽΪʲôҪô
ѵʲô飿
˼
ܿûʱȥ˼Щ⣬Ϊ벻ı仯
飡
ڣըԽԽһɹɵܻĵ
ԪĽף
һ༸˲Ϣ֮䣬˴ԪһףףףĽ׵ı仯
ѪǣľŻը졣ϵı仯ֹըô򵥡
ܸоڣʲôĶڷһɻɽ㼫Ӵ

ͻȻôˡ̷ָĵҩҩ챦ǿڵĹ
ΪĹϵЩӴӲפڣϸ֮С
ĸԪĵҩûа࣬Ϊϵĸ
һûǧľȴǧĻƽһ
ɫŻôĲ԰ס
ڣѪͳȱݣЩӴ󡰸תΪĲƸͱء
һ㣬Ѿ׽ᷢʲôˡ
¡¡
ԽԽǿҵ罫ζ϶¡ֻһ춯صľ죬ЩϹξ۳һţɷ顣
ϵϢҲһ·ͻԪءأﵽԪصľ硣
ȴѴﵽԪŽ׵ľ磬ȣҲѷɫ
ΪҹУӵԴһԲκ˿Աġ
书Ҳ书ˣڿ书ˣ
һ˷ܵķ޾ϲֹԺڻ죬վڷըһ˫۾ǰδеâͬյ̫һ㡣
һ̵ȫͬšϲãһԼûע⵽
̫ˣ̫ˡ£ڿ书ˣ
˷ܵĻֱҪ˵ôˣڵȵϣ
ڵȵ书һ죡
һôͻأôţȴʵʵڵĳǰ
һ漣
̫ˣ̫ˡӣлл㣬лл㣡Ժ˵ʲôūһȫհ졣˵£ˣ
ͻȻ壬ޱȡ
˵ġ
忴״εңоޱȡ֪ԼδΪδǸȨ㳯ҰǬٵĴԻ˵仰
Ȼڵһڳ־״̬δķչȻϲġ
ҲΪδǸ
ֻҪһðһͷԸ
˵ģ˵ġۼҵĻģָ
Ҿָ췢ĵ
ڵ壬мֱϲ콵ĴǣϣûбλҵӸӿףɾɰˡ
ԼͷЧˣôô֡ʱȴһ㶼á
壬лл㣡ݶ飬һֱǵõģ
Ҳץ˫֣ɫ죬ޱȡõͻȻһ̽ûôˣ졣
ˣ˭ӵǿ
ڣڵõˣ
ȻŸոʶУѾֵԼҪѡ
¿ܰﵽ£Ҳǳˡ
һο
ڵԱ֮ǰˡһǳõת䡣
ܹıԣ˵;ϡ
ӵһ̣Ѿһǰͬĵ·һϵĵ·
ӵͬ飬ԼʹƵҰģڣԼķʽʵԼͼ
ɫಢûֹԺеôáոյõѾȲҪصԼķݴδйǿ
֪˼Ҳûһ·ú뿪ֹԺɽ·ϣһڲͣĸл塣
ӣ
ȵ뿪Ծӭ˹նʱЩأ
ǽ㲻ڵʱյšлӵģҲйģйм㲻ڵʱ򣬻ֹԺ
Ծ佫һż˹ϵʱڣԾûи˵
޻˹ұһһԾѾǼֲˡڵĵһ顣
鲻Զ컹иĻӺ͹ӵùһӲһҡӾ÷ӵ𣿡
Ծԥһ£˵˳
ӵɽ֮Уĸȴܡңһ͢٣ϷָԴ
ܲһӵɣ
ɫҲǺܺáӡŮҲͰˣȻҲμ˽ȻЩ취ʩѹ
ӡŮ취ܿǹЩɾͲöԸˡ
һ㣬Ծȷʵûдġ


316 ҹ
㲻õģѾˣ
嵭һš
ɽ֮йôãҲǺ䱻֪ܿôˡ
߽鷿ܿд˼š
䣬찴˵ģ˵ļطȥ°ָȻЩţһҼĵʹȥ
ָ
ԾƤע⵽
ţΪޣΪ⡣ڻʹĻӡӣУһ⡣Щ˭Ҳﲻֳһȥзݡ
һҲиЩҹСзݣҲʹǻԼʨӴ󿪿ڣҪ

֮һУұκεжҪΣաҾٴĵ̣Ҳڵġ
ԹΪʴ֮ĺŴ岻еһЩȻ֮ҲҪμ穡
ЩҶ³ҲҪö١
ֳһһΣָһͳȥԻΪӦⳡΣõķ
Ȼκһλ⣬ȴѾԱˡַͨʽҲԽĳ̶ֳϺЩӻŮϵһ𣬶ԺҲкôġ
Ծ䣬һ˰ʱ˼顣
һѪʮ̷֮ȴʮ׬ʮ˵㣬ʵ񡣿ҵжûģΣԽ󣬻Խߡ漰ĲԽߣҲԽ񣡡
֮ǰڷ֮ʯϢֹ߾ɱжɱСҲŽʮѡ
ıҲŽ˶ʮ㣬ǽ໻Ѫı츳Ȼͽ45
ֽ˵
ԣ
ͻȻһӹԺͻȻԼһϢ
ƻ
֮ʯ֮ǰڷʾˡ֮Сƻ֮⣬ƻ
Ҳǣ⻹ֻһʼԺ뵽ĵǻУԴԴϵĻô
д˷
ȻˣΪˣ֪Σأôס
֪Ѿ̤еҴȨŷΨֱ֮Σյ·
Ҵ֮ʯʾԼѾУû·ˡ
һԨɣһмû·
ֻһһˣ
̾
պĳãԽĹܺΣգƽͺᱻ籩Σ֪ٵҽպҷ𣬲֪ڳ̸ЦĴ󳼣պͷ­أѪߡ
ƽ̫ã
֮֮·Ҳζպ󽫻վƬ籩ġ
֪ûѡ
û飬պҲһ᲻ɱľȥ
˿ͷܿ۾
ƹ۵һϨ

ֹԺ붨̫֮ʱ򡣾ʦ֮УһլԺ֮ȴǵƻͨ
ƹĴبüͷ
Ϊҵĳ͢ƷԱبʲôֵüġһΣبĸеѡ
ߣүҪʲôÿǵģһСӽˡһжΪ˼棬Сѵҵֿɣ
ͻȻһ̱ԱߴĸȻڵѽȣҵ㲪بڶߵúܽ
ĴĸĿһ㶼ûиı䡣
ıԽֻۣоΣԽ
һ˼ңʲô˵ʲô
ب
ߣ˵ʱô˵ҲˡδĻϣҪôõĻᣬŵҲʲôԥģ
ϴλվͷһƿڴ˼ҶóĶبһȴԥԥٳ˵ڡ
ȥ
㶮ʲôǳĶҵĶ͸˴ˣ֪ʲô֪֪ʥյѵӪҲֻͨѣЩǿʮֹ
ب
ߵǴһ;Ҳ֪һ͵һ˵ζʲô
һڶ̶ʱڣͿһͳĸ֣ӵǿߡ
ӵһļ֮ڶҫ˥
ôھôĺ䶯أ
ߣҿǺͿˡûԼôȥӽɣ
䣬ŭ壬˦ȥ
һߣʱ
بҡҷ̾һȻϵֻֽֽǱһţǴӵš
ֻж̶̵ݣ
һ棡
Ȼֻж̶̵һ仰Ǵӵ˼Ѿ¶ɣĿĲ塣
Ҫ£壡
ˣǽгɡ
ب̾Ϣһ˾ȻͿ˵Ĳûе
ӱϾǵճӣվġ
ţبܿϵıʡܿһֻӴӴ˳ȥ

˼飡
ҹӰһһվڶɽϣ̶׵
ҹУİɫڶҹɫ֮зۡЩŨ
ֻϲܿ
İɫںҹٹȥνΪ׳ۡ
ǲ֪ųϢ˭Ҳ֪뾩ôĵطȻ׳۵ľɫ
ҵǸʵ̫˼飡
ǰɷ֮ءʦ㲻ټôĶޣȻҵٵʮ֮Ⱑ

˶̾ѡ
֪ҵ壬ңڼǰѾڴ°˵һɲǣ˶˵ĸиš
Ҳδ̫ˡ
ڶʹ¼ֲŸոս£˭뵽ȻֳΪ͵ɽˡ
һɲǣֻһָо
ͨ죡
һλżȻξδˡڣǸʮĺӣеѱɲ⡣
֮У˶ǸӲһ˿η
Ӧ˵ӣ
û⣬Ӧþδļ̳ˣƶߣŹˡ
˵ҵλѵӪһֹԺճԱгȥɡǸӽǰ;޿ƣδҽ죬ȾŹʢʱ򣬻Ҫ׳󣬻ԻͣһԵδ벻ջ񣡡
ǣͷԸͶλӵߡ
һӰӦ
ǰߵ˵ͷ˵
շȥӰӰ´£֪ٿ̽Ӱҹ֪ҵĸֵ̽ʵ
Ҳ֪ٸ֣˺Ӱͬľ


317 󲮣
ҹļž
һӰҲȴżһҽҲָܿƽ
֮ȻŨȴû˸Ҵȥھһڣʮߵʬ˶֪һ
Դȥˣ񴳽һһϢûκεֻȵƬ֮ʬһľͷ˳һ״ң򽣴һ
ڣѾ޴˽ȥˡ
սףȺȥ
ɽϣ볣аɽķ򣬳һڣٵѾӦ˲֪ٲĿ̽ߡ
ɽӰȴ޼аˣҲо΢΢ЩͷۡûаֶΣͲĳںɱ˼ĸֺͷɲסˡ
ҪȻ֮أ˳롣
ЩѵƻҲȫ޷չˡ
ϣͷܹɲסɣ
а̾һȻӿȡһֻӣ˫һͣ㽫ֻա
飬ܺûҲøһ壬һУɡ

յ磬һɫĽͷʻͣڳ͢سبĸϡ
򿪣˳
˰ʱ䣬е鶼׵ˣ˴بĸڡ
һ߸ߵԺǽ󲮵ĸΧǰ׾޴ʨӣԱܴĴ
͸ĴţԼԿï¡
بǴˣϸϣʵǸĳЩïүүķĲһģһϲ÷ϲһС
ʵѾǵһιˣεȴⲻͬ
Ǽ顭ҲӦúʹ˵˵ˡ
ǰƻֺһͷبķɸϾյˣ岢ûظǵȵʱԵŰݷá
һãӳȥ
ӣ
ſڣĸһһһſ壬˶һ¶صɫһ빪
طģû˿
Ҳǵһεˣǰʱ򣬴Ҷλүδ˵̫ӣδһЩ֮ġ
꣬ͺһһΪ˶ԽԽء
ο壬˶ǰ
Ҵ𣿡
ʵ
ڵģү֪ӻһֱ鷿šҪȥ֪ͨһ𣿡
ˣԼȥͿˡ
˰֣żȥһ԰ˮأ·һƬƬ̨ͤˮ鿺ͼɽ֣ڴب鷿ͣ
һϤıϺɫ鷿ţ˼Ժͷ
һһֱڱԴ̸𡣵Ǵ󲮵Ƿȴû·
Զ뵽ڵȫǴģ
ʹߵԽԽΣա
ϱӣƾүүɣԼԺյĹҦҵļƣʵҲһġ
Ǵ󲮺ʹ֮Ĺϵһ˿ϣԴ󲮵ĳԼµĹһδεη粨ѡ˱ߣҲǱٶѡ
ȴΣյĻʴ֮ʧ裬үүѸû䣬һ겻ԭ
һλԺյĽңһӳ״ײĳ
һֱڱһ㣬ڣȴò˵ˡ
ϣȥɣ
̾һа
ˡ
˼ʱһϵӷﴫǴ
عÿţ˽ȥ
󲮣
߽ȥһ۾Ϳ˴̴鷿棬ǰźİڣƺڴһ³ϵ顣
ˣ
بЦЦеֱī֭Ȼֹıʼϡæһ磬оҲЩˡ
ɣ
بڲԶһԲβһ裬ֻ豭
بȸ˱裬ȻкԼԱ߲Զĵط¡忿ԼôѾ֤بԲֶ֮Ĺϵ
û˵ֱڴԱ
ѵӪô
بѲŻϣ
á

Ǿͺáʲô飬Ҫģʱڸҡ
š
˵ͷ
дյ˰ɡ
بûжൢ飬ͷһתֱ⡣
š
һѾ֪بҪ˵ʲôˡ
Ҳ㡣ʵһҪǴӡ֪ĺܶ飬ͣϣܹΪЧ
بɫ
Ҫң
̧ͷ
ǣ
بĵ˵ͷ弫ܶģبѹûŪʲôģʵʵ˵̹ϲ
֪ҪǴδĻʴ̳ˣƶġһΣѵô㣬ϣܹúÿǡĴǣ˴һܵá
㣬ҶҲǳڼ棬ϣܹúÿǡ
ب˵䣬һգգĿ壬ȴֶĻӦ
󲮵ĻʱĬ
Լǰᵽʲô棬ִԼ˵ⷭѾԱĵС
ʣǷǳϣԼܹ뵽һЧҴӵġ
֪ǾܴӦġ
ⲢֹΪ֪ʷ֪δ»࣬ʲôӡ
ҪǣǴӵԸ
ӵԸкܴ⡣ԸشȱݣǾֲλġ
ԸȱݣҲδǼ治飬˴󲮺ңԼʴʸҲȫ
Ⲣġ
ǴӸһʾעһʵĻʵѡԼûǼ飬ԸҲһģӴ治
ϱӣлӴһδӡԸȫ޷̱Լ
ҲԴӳֱԭ
һʧǧźޣ岻Ϊһصϱӵĸޣٴζĵز
󲮣ҿûа취Ӧ㣡
忴Ŵ󲮳ϣĿ⣬ȴޱȼᶨ˵仰̶ʮ֣ǧÿһֶӵзǷķıľġ
Ϊʲô
بʧ֪岻̫Ȱبû뵽Ȼܾôɴࡣ
ȫûлء
֪ҵЩݡǳϣܹúÿǿǡϾδ»ʣ
بڵ
ֳĴǻۣʶܹͶ뵽ӵ£δһȻܹﵽһߵĸ߶ȣ۷ʱ
һ㣬بʵϵĿͬġ
һ㣬بʵ˽ġ


318 Ȱ˵
󲮣Ϊӻδ»𣿡
ͻȻڵ
һڣبʱɫһ䡣
ʲô˼֪֪˵ʲô
بһֱ׺ͺ˵仰ɫͻȻ
仰Ҳ˵˵ȥᣬΪʲô뷨֪ʲô𣿡
ַҪȥ̾һ
󲮣֪ʲô
ɫȴǳϵƽڴبһֱءѪϵǸϵġ
ο󲮺ܶʱΪΪ˽ǳڶĿǡǴ飬ȴܣҲ޷ʹ󲮹ͬ
Ǵ󲮣ûУ޷ǻһʲôĺ
仰һһ£ب˶ˣ¶𾪵ɫӵǲϻλʲô
飬بû˵بԺУѹû뵽ֿܡ
㻹̫ᡣЩ飬㻹ǲԹףֻڴڣӾûκϣң㲻һ˽ӣȻûвΪ̫ӣǴ̫ûȵδ°֮󣬴ӵǻǰ϶¡
鲻ڳںͳ⣬˵Ŀһ¡
بҡҡͷ֮󣬺ܿƽԼֶȻڳϻԶûô
ֶǴеģӵ㹻;顣
˵Ĵ޷ǻ飬بȫǲܷ顣
󲮣
ҡҡͷ
ֶȡûйϵˡֶ޷¡˵Թףһûֶһ䣬ô㣬ǱΪʲôʽΪ̫ӣ
ϵ鲨ܣΪŴӾܵٻǵ̫Ȼˡ
ڻʴ֮Уκ뵱Ȼ˼룬ǼΣյġ
⡪
ب촽ţһסˡ
¶ڴ൱εģһب൱ȷŵġҲȥͶˡ
بзһʱȴ˵ĻΪ˵ȷʵʵ
¶ڴǼ谮ģʱ볯̫͢Ҳûж¡
ֵǣˣȴûвΪ̫ӡҲͰˡ
񣬴Ѿ겻Сһ㣬بʵֻ֣بûж˵ѡ
ӱϾǱµĳӡ²ϲҲˡңûвδ
ب
߷һ֮ʹӵĹϵһһϦ͵ģĹγɵġ
Ҫ͸ıڴӵӡűδӣǾܡ
ңʥʾǧŵĵѵΪԼгɱĲҾ磿
بһ仰ڴܹ˳λĸԴ
ʥǳҰ⣬˹ϵǧʥУһٰǰ˥䡢ҵΣգӶﵽһʷǰĸ߷塣
ǽҰǸԶԶκһκһʮľӾѹܱߵǿ˹ص۹ͻʺ߾گϣƵʵǵ֮ĵһԶԶǡ
ѱ˹ص۹Ҳףܹ֮ʹô꣬˹ظԭͺΡ
޷ӦԭĻ޷ռ˹ظԭ˹ص۹޿ֵԭ
ܱǿʮķչѽȣĴƵ۹Ȼľη֮ġ
һжڵʥʣ
书ǵʶǣʥʶﵽܴﵽļޡ
ڵĴƺʷǿʱ
ǳʷЩʥأʥͱϡǧŵһۡˡ
кܶʱبԼʱںܶб˵ǧġ
ҪبıУᷢɱĲҾ磬بζš
Ŵһҿ϶飬һƬء
󲮵ڶ֪̤һ·ϡȷʵʥʹҪûйϵġ
󲮻֪ʥʵУᷢɱĲҾ磬һᷢһԶ벻顣
̫̫ˣΪߣҲкܶĶ޷ףοǴب
һ㣬ǿԿ϶ģ
飬һ£־ĺڰԨ
ֹ󲮣ڵҿжôҫδֻ꼻һ֣ٴصϱӵĸޡ
Ȼ󲮻ǡִԲ򡱣Լֻ취ȥˡҲҪף뵱Ȼ˼Ǽ
󲮣ΪʾɱײҾͲܶôʥľ޷ײҾҡ
һͳֺ״νԭϽ书Ƶ׹̫֮ն۵عʯͰ籶ǣĹԱˣ˶ҷҲ
ة๫صʱȨ㳯ҰųлƵ۵ѪͳҸǺųƴսȻųƵʱ󺺵һȨơλүүʱҲ󼰣ȻΪǣ̫ӵ¼𣬻Ϊ˺󺺵ʷ޹ҵĴ˵
ǧˣΪһΣ
ȨᣬҷѪɱ̡
ӡֻϵӣοȨң
ȻΪүүԭڴӵĵλǱϾԶԶûдﵽһҵĵλ
ʷЩǧҸûȡ
ֻ֪ʥв׳ֻңȴǡǡ֪ԽʥľУһ˼ɻ䣬Խܵǣǡ
ʼʵʱ̫ӷǳӣʷ˵Ϊʣж죬ԶǼʵ̫ѡδʲôĹвظ֮
Ǵʼʵһ̫ӷձɱʱų佫һսǿɼܵǣȫ𡣡
Ңλ˴˴λλ棬Ϲŵƶȡ汻ĶɱĴѡͬʱ
󲮣Щһۡʼʣ̫Ӿݡ̫ӷգв棬һƷжܵǴλѡ
أﾴ㣬ѡ͡Щһ֪ƼΪ˳̵ܳʿһʱӵѷİ˭뵽ǺۡʼʵۡҲ̫ӷ
ֶ˵һʲô⣬Ǻ䡢ػʡˣ󲮾͸˵һ𣿡
ⷭѾ˵൱ίˡδ͸¶̫࣬ⷭѾǼ¡
ܴô룬嶼Ҫ취ҪףûʲôȻ顣


319 µ
ۺ͹ҵʱب˳ĬʱĹңʼʵʱңĳʼҪѧϰ֪
˵Ѿ൱ί
ĹҺң۷ʱͲҿԱġأ֮بȻҲǳ͢سӵвµȨԳõʽҲñȽǺЩǧȣвٵĲࡣ
˵ʲô
Ĭúبڿڵز١͸ղȣب̬Ѿ˺ܴĸı䡣
ҼҴҵ󣬵ȲϺʱĹңӱȲϴʼʵʱҡ
ĻȻبзһЧȻبǺʥʻӣѾղô϶ˡ
ǵϵͳسӵճҲǴͳΪӣȻ˳ǻϣҲ󡣳ѵΪֿܷĻʴıԴӵ̬𣿡
ب
˵ⷭѾ൱ˡҪ֪بҪЧҴӵġ
Ҳ˵ǾͲִ֧ˡ

󲮻ǵκ𣿡
ˣ
仰بһ£΢΢𣬺Ȼ仰˴
һ壬ϸߵ佫ĵ·بߵĳĵ·ݵ㣬ĳ顣
بȻ֪˵ʲô
Ϊ֪بųĴ㡣
˵ҪЧ𡭡
ب
š
ĵ˵ͷ
ʷԼ֪һͬκĹ¡ֻʱԶûôҲûôļһԻͣûôԻ͵ƪ¡
һΪֱЧͬӶ֮еȴͬķˡ
һִȫԼĲԡ
ˣ
ب̾һ
ǳôζʲô𣿡
š
˵ͷ
ڵҲԶûеҪôĵزֶֻǾã鲻֮ܲδȫҲδֻ֪ǺãڻԶûеҪѡվʱ򡣡
ⷭ˵൱棬ÿһֶҧر
Ѿ֪˼ˡ
ب̾һ˵Ѿ׵ʧˡȻЩʧ˵Ҳûе
˶Ϊ忼ǣبҪ壬ԼһЧҴˡ
ܾҲˡ
ѡĵ·ȻͬĿһġ
һ˵بʵΪ尵е˵ġ٣ѾΪ忼ˡ
ѾˣΪеˡ
بиӣпѣ
Ͱ˵İɡǱ֪ôظˡ
һ壬ԼѾʮˣĸҲ겻СҵĵڶԼΪֹѾﵽˡ
ֵ塢롢áһҵĵӦҪɳˡ
ľǶǴֻպ֤һҪĻبԸ֧
ҵһ˱ҪĴۺ;ĳɳ
ʱǳ־Ҫ˵󲮣ߵʱȴǶԴ󲮳𾴡
Լܾ󲮣Ǳߵ̬ҲͿ֪٣ܳһʱ䣬󲮿»ܵҴҲ˶϶
֪һ㣬ѡ֧Լ
Ϊ֮жġ
һ죬֪ȷġ
Ѹٵ뿪˴󲮸ңѵӪķȥֹԺҪըˡ
ڶֹԺΧҪµѧȵһ컹Ҫࡣ
֮ǰķͺ׼ֹԺڳΪѵӪУĿĴڡ
ڵ˽ʱ

һʶ·Ʈһںڰ죬Ʈ޾Ⱥ͹ӡûʱ䣬ûпռ䣬û¶ȣֻ޾ޡ
һδ֪Ŀռ䣬һڹ硣
ҵˣ
֪˶ãͻȻһںڰͬһӹռͻȻ
ƮʶĩˣͻȻһǵ⣬һϸСȴ̺Ӱ
էһȥӰͬһ΢ҳһ㡣
һϸСĹ֮ƬΡ
磬һ֣֮顱
ʶ֪Щ֮顱Ҳ׽ʶںϣͽ򡱡
ˣ
ӳȥʶͬһһ㣬˲乴סš֮顱ȻѸٵԺ֮С
ڰȥ֡
۾һǰһƬĥľ£Żͼ̴ذ壬һŹӵµӣһȵðɰ衣
ֽһ㣡
³һо˺ܶࡣ
Ӵⲿ磬ãȫԺ˵ȦӾֹԺѵӪ
ȫҲŵԼʵϡ
ԪŽ۷嵽һһ
һԪҪ󲻸ߣڹ֮Ҫȴ̣ﵽһ侪˵ĵز
ʼϰ⻷ʱÿ컹ܹ֪յġ֮顱
ǹһʱ֮յġ֮顱Խ١
Ҳֻ׽˶ʮĶι֮ƬζѣʼͼǧֱٵĿ
һֱûз
ϲ㽨Ľ׶Σ֮Խ࣬յĹ֮Խ࣬δĳɾ;ͻԽߡ
һеСţױܶ˺ԣȴӵо޴á
ԣʹﵽ˳侳Ҫ󣬼ÿֻôʮôٵĹƬ̣һֱûзⷽĻۡ

¡
ڣµۻѾоˡ
ӦԽ̹ҪǼˡ
а
ԪŽ׵һأҪԹӵһĸͬʱҪӦĹ⻷๦ֹ֮һȻ󷢻ӳ
ѵӪδµİ֮⣬һõս⻷Ķͷ˾ǧԽ̹
ս⻷ϱȫûˣѵӪպɽڣȻûһѧϰŹ⻷
ǧҲ֪Ϊʲôʼûаžѧڳȥ
岻֪ʲôܣԭɣ֪ǣսĹ⻷֮УڿʩӡŵĹ⻷ѵӪصģǿս⻷֮һ
ÿ뵽ǧշľѧȴûдȥ;ֿϧ
Ҳ
ӵذߵ̴ǰɰԼһ裬ƷţζŴݼ㣬鼫Ϊ⡣
ֹһе˵ӦʫԶ
Ʒζζڵ£֮ĸδȻҪϧȴӵҪ
¡
²豭ƿ¥ķţһ󶦷еӿţ룬ǰģǺͼǰȻͬ硣


320 µ󣨶
ֹԺȺԭֻ塢Ծ˵ֹԺڴﵽ˽֮ࡣ
ϷģֵģʲôС
ֹԺֻѵӪеĿΪӪļ볬ԭļƻʹֹԺһʱˡ
ӣ
⣬һͷòۣͨ־ȴּΪ꿴壬һ
ԤԼԵѾźˣ͵Źǰȥǡ
˵ʱ򣬲ȴּΪأߵԾ䣬ȴѵӪκ
жһ㶼ûдڵκǣ⣬Ҳżʱ
ҪǣκѵӪе˼еĳӣԵ뺯ʱκֱϲ⣬ûκεԥʹӦˡ
ƾһֽκ׾ٵľͰԼͳֵѹ
κôҵĹϵʱ
κҲûʧ
չֳȻ̫㣬̫ͻ尲ɣɣʱɡ
ԣ尲ŵǿʤεġ
κĴڣԾڵԽšһʱͰŵȥˡ
ϱӣԾԼֹ߲ǸսɲΪЩӵ¶츳ս
ţ㰲žͺˡ
ͷκ棬Ӷ¥ľߵתǣӭ߸˲ţһֹԺˣһ²ȥľˡ
ѵӪѧľվţΧΧһȺˡ
ɣ˭ȥ
˭˭ʮӣ
ɽ
һ䣬˴˷УԳһŸ˶ȥ
忴˽ýݵӰЦЦﱾĵطȴѵɣȽĵط
߳תǣһӰڻ԰ˮУɽϣΧǽ׽˺ɱ򽣻򵶣ͳͳľƵġ
ֹԺճϷѵ
սӦøʵսƽԭɽ£꣬ˮֶпܡ
Ҳһ
ʵս
еѵնΪʵս׼ġֹԺУȻ
ģᳫӦˣʵá
ӣ
ӣ
ӣ

ȺͣͷĹվ׷鼫Ϊء
Ҳؿɡ
ЦЦ˰֣˻⣬ַ׷׼Լ顣ֹԺճϰˡ
ڷģȻҲϷֵġĻȥԺƷ졣
μ̴ľӵñܶϲԺѾʮȲ̴ľӺ׵Ρ
Щ׼ģҴӵ׼ġ
ѡʯȹҬ棬ܡ޻ָ򡢴ʳԶطˮСӣӦоС
Щʵˮ󲿷ֶ׼ģҲ൱һҵӵŪġˮʱѩ
ӵܴĻֹЩˮ۾һۣͿԿһ޴󸫴ǽͷð˳
ÿһ󸫶һǿϢ
Щǳؼҵ
ؼҴʼıأڣڳ׵ת̬ȡЩͳͳǳؼҵɸ˼Τġ
Ȼˡ
ʵϣЩؼȫġĵǴǡ
ؼַʽҵ֧֡
ֹˣֹԺڻвĻ鱬֮󣬲֪Ҫṩ
ҲʲôУֻǿЩ˲ŻᱻѡڣвٵڸţΪ廹ӦöЩԼĻ
СģСģ
ߵʱͻȻһӶߴգ¡¡̳ƥĿ弸ܿʿƮͷǡ

ȺĻ쵰
ǻ᲻ỻط
Щ쵰ײǰɣ˶ϡ

ԺһȺ֣׷ĴϵĻҳһȺںȲӵǷŭЩսĳһӣһ׷ƿڴ
ֻǰЦ
ȣư;ڸʲôأײˡ
κǰ棬ֱӣ˵ķɫ࣬ȳ⡣
ӣԲԲ𣡡
û
군ˣôײˣ

ɹĴЦȻֹһȺ˷׷סսͷķɫΣǲ
˶ûйϵǲײǾײͷ
ֹԺܴԭʲôӣڶʼĽԭˡֹԺֻһ˲ųƵϹӣ塣
ȥɣ»Сĵ㡣Ⱥײ
˻䡣
ǣӡ
˵ɴ뷣һȥܿ촩ֹԺĴţŹ̳һɽͷȥˡ
壬ҽЩŮӹɲǸե֭ġϽҽмǴ֡
Щ뿪ͻȻһŭԱߴܲԶһüŭ壬˵˵ͻȻ৳ϵĳǹңңָ壬һӦھͽѵļơ

ƣ亹ˡæֵԼѹġ
˭뵽ۣȺ֡
ЩнŮӣʼŮӵԼԸ񣬻æեե֭֮ġ
Ǳѵ⼸κȫΧڿһü
ЩӵܲͬЩŮһ֧ʹˡ
취Ҽֵܸȥæɡ
תͷκ
֪ˡ
κɫҲǲ̫ÿһȺ֦չŮӹЦ
κʱӲˡ
طǾܿˡΪƵ۹ΨһŮ嶼Ʋ˵ˡ
ǰǼǵõģβ֪Ϊʲôˡ
⻹ࡣ߰ɡ
õĴ𰸣һЦ˻֣ķŹ塣
壬أʲôʱ׼Ϣ
廹û߼һӰ˳סȥ·һⲻƵӡ
ԣһΪɲͬĶ塣
ֹԺˣȴֹԺֱ˵ͬʱҲϲߵģҲֻΪҹе޻˹ˡ
Դ˵峱飬λҹסˣһʱļơ
˵ˡûʲôһжǾϢ
΢Цš͡Եķǳԡ
ƭҡѾʹˡ峱˺ɽ£˵ʱ򣬾֪ͥľϢ
޻˹ֺ˪ĽҴ塣
ɲʲôɵ峱鱻֤ʵ֮һʱͿʼ鱱
ȴ֣ɽǳضʧ֪ͥ飬һھʦѵӪ˾Ȼָơ
Ҫûйǲ˹ˡ


321 ٣
֮㲻֮棬޻˹жǣ壬˵Ͽ϶һءݵϢ
޻˹뷨Ҳܼ򵥣Ҫ彻ôصϢ˿١ѸݵĻԶںɽϢ鱨ϵͳ±ҪҪ
޻˹뷨
ʱʲôҲûɣֹԺʱҲû취ߡ
Ҫе鱨ϵͳǲݵġ
ҪǲҲûа취˵ˣȷʵûʲôеأݵ˽鱨
Цֵ̯̯
û£޻˹ٱҲûá޻˹ԸҲû취
ߣĺβͳ¶ġҳץסġ
޻˹廹ѼӲʣԶ仰ŭص溮˪Ķ塣
ȱʯ֭
һԣЦӹһϣ޻˹һץס˵˾䣺
㣬лˡ
æ޻˹ϵģĵһˡû뵽ġ

˽ԴȥԱһ͵ֹԺҪԺˡ
ֹԺĽ
Ҳӹ滮֮ͷǳصĵط
ӣ
ӣ

Ժ棬壬ɫһæȥ쿪˫֣΢ʾС㡣
润еͬӴԺ澲ĵġ
ʮüϸ˼Ƕ棬һ١һΧһ׽ɱ
Ϊ߾ֻǸͿˣҪǻۣ
尲ŵԺһ㿼ԡ
ҪֹԺĿͨһԺĿԣȻſԽԺ
ѾԺĿҲԴ忼һĿ
ǶЩ̹١Ҳʱľ顣
Խʡ˵ʱ;ҲҶԺĸ顣ͬʱҲǿѵӪѧڱӡ
Ǵ˼ѧͨ
һ¥ȥûоκˣһε¥ݶϣ͵ԺĶ¥
ӣ
ӣ
ӣ

ʮŵѧ壬Ŀڴȫֿƽĸо
ѵӪƾŹ˵ԼֹԺĴڣѳΪеż
źڴֹΪΪܷеӡ
һֱԺֳ֡
һ־ǼԺĿԣⲿֺס嶼ſֹͨԺԱ
ڶ־ԼֿԣֹԺԱġ
ֻͨԼĿ飬ܽ
̶ȵӴҶԱӣ֮ǱĬĸı˶ڱս
ֻжҲŻǱо
һǿͬʱͨˣҪ佫ԼδսĻ顣
ؿ°ɡ
˻ӣͬʱκ˸ơ
ڿʼҶ°ɡ
κ⣬ǰ˵
ʽʼһȺϤϤ£ŵɫֹԺһ붼ǳġ
˶ⳡԵڴͿ֪
ȻʮǿȴֻһһУǼ졣
ʼɡ
˸ƣһȺɫ棬æںǰ̣ޡ߹ȥӵһŵһʼһֱһһӡ
̬ɶ⣬ǲ˼ĺ塣
ƾսʤˣԸЩûٻѵӪѧȻ׾٣Сһ
ԺĵڶܿðŶࡣһĿٵͳͳֻǿѡ
ʱɵľˡ֮͸ֹԺȻʩ档
ԴӾֹ֮ԺͲˡǸʱͿʼ׼ֹԺж
ɽ廹׼ڰɽϽԺֺͻĿռ䡣
ˣ൱һ˵ӵܡ
Ŀľ֡Ҳû׼ｨɴһЩֺͻĿռҲǱġ
ţ
µһ룬ͻȻüͷ
ˣе㲻һ
ϸŵŵĵڶһƤ쳣꣬üë㣬ҲΪ񻭹һ
һһüͷֻ촽΢򣬶ţһ־˵̬ˣŮӡ
Ҫǣ巢֡Ȼûкڡ
һֱ΢ͷھΣ廹һۿ˳
Ůģ
Ƥûк붼룬ŮġؼǣֹԺŮӻۼߣôôһŮġ
ңǰ꣬˵ı׼ҲǼġرŮװȻǸˡ
˭
ߵһߣйκʵ
磡
κ˼ֵˣ£ȫָơҲһԭ
ǴĸѵӪģ
ӣôˣʲô𣿡
κһ̲סٴοڷһۡ
ûС
ЦŰ˰֣κȻԼŵĹҲɵĺܺãŮ±Լ硣
Լûкڡ
磬塭һǳİ
ЦŤͷƳһۣÿŮװĺڷ̧ͷƳһۣƺǲӡ
ֻһۣܿ͵ͷȥ¶𪣬Ĳ
ңҡѵӪóġ
忴ڷ꣬Ժд˷ͻȻ֮һ⻮ԺͻȻ뵽һˡ
٣
ҵŮھǾȨһѵӪУŮ˸Ǽ
ںԼһ
ҪǣԼǵƺر
ûӦþˡ
Ц
ֹԺһѡ⡣˶ͨԺĿнġ
ôһЩˣ嶼֪ǵֱ
û⣬ӦǼ˼ҺôûиգԻ˿켣
Ϊܹҽգ
Ц
ԼǵҵλҲһλ佾ĴڡԼΪԼֹԺѵӪѧΧΪ˵ı׼ԲŻܵԼһϸ¡
ʵҲȷʵˣʱԸоλԱ˸߳һأ˵ȫһεġ
ҺʱԸоһսζŨŨĵ⡣û⣬Ͳǳġ
ҿԼǵãλںڷ൱
а
˵£ŮҪͷǷǳѵġѵӪһдͷ֪
ؼǣ廹ǵĺһףеһаŵľǳ
һұаȻҲǼ뵽¡Ů˵İ绢ʡĲ٣ǰ˲ٵ鷳
սڷ棬òġ
ܰңŮڹǾͺˣ
ͻȻ


322 ⻷
ǾǵҴ壬ȻĽңҲѷɫ١ܹ£ԻǲС
ҪǣڵһԶûба
ֻ˵ѣұȻĿǰ׶Σ²û᳼ĸ塣
ٵԸҲһֻ죬ҪȻҲữԼˡ
Ҫаɲס
ᣬλѵӪʵԼߵöࡣҪзµøС
Ǻǣ
뵽Ѿ֪ôˡ
ӵһһɫ糣ʲôûзһ塣ˮƽʵǱЩ˸̫߳ˡ
ԼѴѵӱԵϴĺӣЩֹԺĿ亹乣ŵ麹ˡ
ҲûйΪǣǵˮƽоˣͷǹˡֻû֡
˵ԸֻһɵʵǶԸ߳ɵ
Ϊ߳ɵʵʵԶԶˣı˻Ҫҡ
ٿʼʱʱüԽԽǽҧ촽亹һεδӹࡢĶͷ
ٵɫҰˡ
ٿʼʱֿǵӴƵʱٵķ߾ͳ׵ˡ
ܵıκ˶Ҫҵöˡ
ž
һӣɫ糣ʲôҲû˵ͺûпٲ԰׵ɫһ
ڿʼΧҫԪŷ⣬塭
忪ʼһΧ֣ֵ˶һ󻶺˷ܲѡ棬Ψûٻ˵֡
ˣκ㰲һ°ɡЩֵһƣȥɡ
ǣӡ
κ
Ҳ˵һУһ˦ת¥ȥ
һȣ
ͻȻһס壬ͻȻλվһָָһȦΧˣǲ
ΪʲôǵͳͳңȴΧǸߣ벻Χ
䣬ԼˮƽߣȴʸûСٺǲ
ߣˮƽ˶ٶĿߣߣʲôʱˮƽ°ɣ
㣡
ɷˡ
ȴûһ˦ֱӾ¥ݡٺ٣Ů˿ɲ򵥡
ԼҪûǴĻҦ綼ϳ˿
ȻԼԼҲֵװʶȻԼȷʵʶ
ҪȻλҪǷսֻ²֮¡
쵰
ȵһߣ̲סһϣųƼӲԵ̴ľķѣΪ촷ۣǰΧһ
֪ԼԼʱʹʵȫͬ
Լ顣
ٵڶ֪⡣ѵ˵Լαװ
ǾҲþϳԼٰɣ
Ҿ¶ˣҲöԼҪôɣȫԼ
ߣʲôΪⲻ𣿡
ٶ¼ӣŭˡȺûоκˡ
ֹԺĴ⣬һ΢ߵŮš
С㣬ô
ŮС磬˵ʱѹúֻܵͣٲü
ˣ߰ɣ
Ժ¥ʱŭ壬ǳ˴ţϵƽ
⣬ټѵӪֹԺԱ˾ʦ˵ע⡣
һʱͷĿĽ㣬ҹж˽ȥ
ΪҵӣΪ֪
ٵʱѵӪЩϢЩҪѵѵ
ֻû뵽
ȫ⵽ˡˣȴûжζ
Ժзȥ·
Ը߰Ҳòϣ·ȻѰĸ
ȻȫǶ֡
ڤڤУǸšУȻڳʹƴ˵еľǰ¹壬һӮ
ĵ⵹дΪ
ٱǲŵģڣپȻЩżˡ
ߣҲ⣬ҳġ
ԺͷʱࡣȻٸоҲ߲˶١
ȵ´϶ԻʱԼٸԼݡ
ٵڶǾ岻֪Լݡ
Ѿͷ߰ɡ
ǣС㡭
˵ˣ»
˵žֱɽȥɽû˵ĵطָͷһ귢ѣͷ㷢ٲ䵽ϡϡؿڡϡ

ʳָָǰһǼԵѳ룬¶⻬İɫȹ
ʱﻹԭһӣȫһòǵľˡ
Ҳޱȡ
¶оޱȡ
ڵ㷢ٵƤĵ֬һ㣬Ҽ
Ķһֻӻȡһֽ֬촽մԭ޵жһ˿Ķ촽ͬȼյĻ㣬Ķǡ
ֽ֬Զ˸кϣһƥȲغõгˡ
ȹ̧ʹСŮһһ·̳ʧԶ

岢֪ٵ£ֹԺѵӪɽȣֱȥ塣
һԼĽ̹ǧ
壬ôˣ
ǧһϲ
һƬ谵ʱǧһͭǰʲôһ廹ûڶ۶ۿʱЦ
ǧǰŵľȻһ̣ϸȥַԼϴθµģһӲ
СӣЦʲô
һֱۣ߰ԲͻȻʵ˹һסĲӣݺݵĽסʵ岱Ӷˡ
ûУЦ㣡
æϵĸ첲æ䡣ЦȻҲ˲٣ǧһȼġ
ֱ۵һ㡣
Сӣ
ǧֱһƣŷſ塣ѵӪϣ̹ٺѧ֮󲿷μֻǧﲻ̫һ
ҹϤʱŻҲֻɵóͬģѧ޼ӣһģҲֻͬһЩǧһĽ̹ó
ȻǧҲǶ˭ԴԺܸ֮ǧڸͲҽ塣
ӦģҲ൱ɡ
˵ɣʲô£ǲ
ǧЦ
̹٣ѧϰ⻷
忪ڵ
˵ʲô
ǧտʼһЦ⣬еĸ֣һϵЦݶʧˣһ𾪵Ŀ塣
⻷ѧϰ⻷
ٴظ
ҵ书ѾﵽԪŽ׵۷壬ڹ֮ĸҲˡһҪһ侳ս⻷
ʵĲô֪⻷
ǧ̬Ⱥ͸ոձȫһˡǰ꣬ǧޱȡ


323 
⻷£ѵӪһܡĽ̹ٶ֪˵ѧ
֪ŹڵģѵӪ¶ָ
Ⲣص㣬صǣ⹦ս⻷ѵӪǸɡûоǷҪڳȥ
ǧƽʱҲ
ѵӪܡ嵽Ǵ֪Źڵģ
Ц
⻷ѵӪһֱǸܣҪȻҲһֱûѧᡣ
嵱Ȼ˵Լ֪ȳѧġ
̹٣ѵ˵ˣѵӪû𣿡
巴ʵ
ǧüͷĿ壬̽ŵ
壬˵ѧ⻷֪⻷ζʲô𣿡
Ȼ֪
Ц
⻷ǿսһ࣬ҲѵӪǿս⻷Ϊս
ľѧͬžѧսܷӳҪǣžѧԽ
һ£
ǧͻȻ˵һתߣֻһ뿪˴Լסĵط뿪ͨǧܿͽѵӪĵһ䷿䡣
ϡ£ͬһ޵׵Ԩһ㡣
Ужֻһ˲ʸѵӪгɰǧĽ̹٣ֻһЩ߼̹ٲʸ
ǧûԥֱӾͰ˵˵˳
⻷
ϣûںڰ֮УθߴӰ΢΢һֻ֧°ͣͬʱüͷ
⻷ǱʹͲ³㣬ңб֮⣬ָ֪ԲᳬѵӪŸտô֪ģѵ˵ҵλ
Ҳôġ
ǧæӿе
ҵλģһоͿԽ͡һһ⣬ͱµĹϵ˵ѧϰ⻷ʵǱµ˼
ȻΪȡΪ˵ݣȫԯޡ
˾ȻΪүүƾŹ˼
Ȼ˼ӦףǲҪᴫžѧһҪѡʵѡΪžѧǿ󣬲ᴫǱ䣬ϵشǣ㡣¶Сء
ŹȻ֪֪ףΪʲôӹѧϰ
ϣĸߴӰ֧üƺ浽ʲôѲ⡣
ҾͲ֪ºλ뷨ңʹˣ˵֪ζʲô
ǧԼĶԻ˵˳
仰˾Եã嶼벻˵Ļǧȫ˽Ȼͬ˼
ȻԼ⣬Ǿ˼ɡǧɡ
˵
ǣˣ֪ôˡ
ǧ˵ͷĴӷ˳ȥ

ڷ˺ܾãǧﵽʲôȥôõʱڿǧż˽
壬⻷Դ㡣Ҫá⻷һ⻷ͬһҪսѾˣڶžѧκһ书ҪѵĶ࣬⻷ʻҪķѴԪܺͬͿԽ侳Ϊ⻷ԭ򣬻ͣ侳һصľ磬ҲԸ𣿡
ǧһ
⻷ȥԭġϰŹ⻷ɾ޴ĸɣһ˵ġ
Ը⡣
ԥ⻷Ҫѧϰġ
⣬⻷Ҵ㣬ҲһܹɹܸܿͲܴﵽҪ㻹Ҫѧ𣿡
ǧʵʵ˵⻷츳ڷҪȷǳߣҲһܹɹ
ԽǿľѧԽɹѾǶ
⻷ڲųֵġ
ڴ֮ǰҲйϰߡܹɹ߾֮٣׼ȷ˵һûУ
Ϊ⻷ϻ˴ʱ䣬ֺ߲ãɾԶԤڡеġ
ΪĽ̹٣ǧ
ЩǱ˵ġ
š
ٴε˵ͷ
ܺã
ǧĵ˵ͷ
ǽͺܼ򵥡νᴫ⻷ѵӪľѧᴫ׼һ°ɣ֮׼һɡֻҪܹͨչأҾͿ԰⻷㡣

ЩȵǲǺ
ţȸ˵áѵӪĹؾҲܸġһܹأĽ̹ٸ𣬾Ҳû취ѵӪĹء
⣬֪㽨ֹԺ˲ѵӪѧѵӪĹأǲ˵ԣԼ֮⣬һ˶ܴҵĻһΥأʹ׵ֶΣͻᱻѧ壬ͬʱѵӪ
ǧ
ΥĺǳأЩ˵ѵӪûʲôǸѵӪѧζԺԶ˾硣
ͬģΪ۵㣬ԺҲ̳Ĺ١
Ϊӵܣֺζһˡ
ĺǧﲻܲ˵ˡ
ˡ
˵ͷ
һ仰Ҫ⻷ͱչʾƥ
ȥɡ
š
뿪ֹԺ鰲׵֮󣬾Ϳʼ׼֮ѵӪ顣
ѵӪ飬֪Ĳֻ࣬Ǵŵ˽һ㡣
ѵӪѧѧϰĲ࣬Ϊﵽһ̶ȵʱ򣬳͢ͻš
񲻶ٺܶʱѵӪġҲ޷ơ
ҪǣЩȫʵģһЩѶȵģ͢˵⡣ѵӪⰲŵġ
ҲζЩʵһΣյġ
Ȼ͢ᾡ취ȥΣճ̶ȡ
֪ʲô񣿡
а
ǰǽ廹ǵһβμ

ʱʱһζ
ϣ
ǧɽžͻȻ֮䣬һԽ˻쳹գգ֮䣬һźӰ㴩֣ԾɽͷΧ壬ͣתһִս壬ͷĦ䣬ͷŪƣǳȡ
屻ŪķǳɵĹЦ
Сڣþòˡ
帧С͹⻬ëһߵݹȥһѶӣС촽䶯һѰѵĳԵҲǸоǳȡ
ڵԸǳϲɡѡһڹеʱ򻹲ԣǳ˾ʦ˴ȻԸеɡѣ׷ȻԾһʰˡ
嵱֮Ͱȥˡ
вͬǣ˺Ͱ֮Ĺϵʹڶ˸оӵ׽
Ϊͨԣܸо˸ûеĶ
ɣ
Сһˡóʱˡ
彫׼õӵڱϣȻһһ׶ѼȺʮҪϤĶࡣ


324 µĹ
ݣ
һСԾһռ䣬䵽֮ĵطĳ
ϣһ󳤳˻壬¾¡
µı쳤СڵǼڱǰҪʵǿ࣬Ȼûг꣬Ѿ˿ѷĳƥˣʤ
Сӣţ
ѵӪıԵһߴӰվţƺ˺ܾáЦͻȻ׹һ
ӣһӣȴһĴָСܡ
Сӣʲôʱ˵ٴ򿪿һ¡˵ܶ
лˣ̹١
֣ͲսȻͣӶܿʧɽС


ɽһͺͺɽϣӰϢƷǷһŸͷɽפš
⼸˶ʮңŮͶ㣬һķǷơǽ£һδţɢ˳еԽӢ䡣
侳
⼸˾Ȼȫ侳ĸ֡
õ˰ɣ
ôˣû𣿡
ô˵Ϊ˭
ѵӪ˾һʱУ

ͺͺ¶ɫʯɽϣս磬˿൱Ĳͷ
ϣ
ڴʱͻȻһϣ˻ʱһƬɽȣգ֮䣬һ·ٶ
λõˣ
սϣŰڣһïܵҶдһԾںɫʯɽϡ
Ӧûˡ
忴һɽϲŵһ߸ߵĳɫ죬а
ѵӪܹĹ̶ϵ㡣ݲͬκΣȼϵҲͬ
ڵĵطߵȼ죬ѵӪļϵ㡣
廹ǵһβμжղɽʧһʱ䣬ǰʱӦǲࡣ
⼸˺øߵΪ
Ŀӳɫ뿪ܿע⵽ǰˣһȦȦɢ侳⻷
Ҳ֪κԼһжľȻȫ侳ĸ֡
ô£ڲ
һȺ˵㣬̫˵ɣ
ѵӪ˶𣿹Ȼ͹Ȼһ

뿪ڴкҽһ£߾ʹһݶ˴壬ɫơ
һЦȥ֣˻ԣǰ˰ԼѵӪЩ֮ˡ
ȷʵ˱ѵӪе˳ġ²ãǺͨԻ֮ӡ
ⷽ棬˫ĵȼȷʵһεġ
Բҵĳٵˡ
΢΢һЦԣ˭ûϳԼ
ô£ѵӪôôδɵļһ
м䣬ĳԺյӵܵ´һ壬ͻȻע⵽ʲô
һҲע⵽ˣʮ꣬ʮļƣǲһء
ܳģʮ꣬ʮˣǺաһεˡ
ԼѵӪﶼ൱ġ
վһȷʵԵ÷ǳͻأ
ֹˣұ߹Ũü껹ע⵽һЩ
ôģȻ侳Ĺ⻷ûУⲻҪǵĺ𣿡
ͺֹǱСΪǵͺܶ࣬µսȻ侳Ĺ⻷ûС
ᣬƥһƥ
ͬ飬ֱˣȫһεġԽĲˡ
Ͳһεģмǹƽĸоı֣Խļ˫֮ĸҡ
ԽԽˣ
ʧЦ˵ĴţҲԼжϳǵĳҡھȷʵǱȽԺˡ
۱˿ûһȵ
Ҳý͡
ķ
λģһǵĺȵģΣգǾԶҡ
΢΢Ц
ߣòҪ
һһ֣ϣһɽϷݶ£ֱȥ
һƥƥƥҲŰڴɽϷԾ¡
䵽Ůӣķݶһ˿ȻɫܿͻعͷʲôҲû˵Ծȥ
ľ۵糸Ӷָӵĵشʾսľľ᾵ɽʯǾϸѵսǺ˵ġ
ԭΪϣܿͷ֣ٶȫԸǡ
ߣӡ
һܿ첻壬ȥ
ǡǣ
ں棬ܿͷΡȻпϸ۲죬ǿԷ֣һжĹ켣һ޴ĻΣֱƹʦ
Ҳ˵ж뾩ʦ
֪˵ʲô񣿡
ͻȻһ˿档
Լһʱһڴ֣̤˹ٵһ·ʮ๫ھǵһӰŹٷ˫֣վڹٵߣ͢Ľ
µˣ
üڳ͢еĹ棬ľǺµˡͺµʲôԹʦˣ¾󲿷ֵ˶ôµˡ
Ϊµ˼̻ˣǴʳֻ֧˹أ߾ˣֻҪ˷ͻضкµ˳֡
µĹ˵һ仰ǡл֮Ҫ˵зͻʱ˳Կ
ھӵܶôϲµˡ
ƫƫּ縺⽻ʹȨܴÿʱ򣬶ɺ°š
ʥֺٲһ飬֮֮״̬Եº²
ӵҲȥǣҪȻʥһټʷĵڳеĴҲ൱ͷۡ
ֻйص顣Ҳ˵ε񣬡йء
Ժд˷µһЩ
ߵıͥĿǰͶͻȻϵţڵж״̬µ˳϶Ǻͻйأôʣµľͺײˡ
е֮Уģľʹʳ֧Ĺϵ
һȻΪ··;ңԶԶͻʲԭľԶö࣬ҳ˼ա
һҲΪ·;̫ȶ̫Ĳȷԡ
˿֮·
Ժ·֡
ڴƣڻûֽзѾ֪εʲôˡ
ȻǳƽѵӪεȻûʲôϵΪ׵ѵӪܿǰµĹ˽ӡ
µĹͷ漴תͷˡ
һ·ȥһ㣬еһжѾźˡǰǣһμж;ҲԲ˳һбȫһͷ
˵ɫ


325 һ
ǣˣ
ȫͷӦǣȻ̹˺µֻһ˰ͷΪ
㣡ôû𣿡
¹עӵ壬ͻȻһ䣬һǯָݺָɫǲá
ڸʲôأû˵𣿡
Ҫ£Ͻ˵Ǹ

ɫ΢䣬󷽵壬һָ𡣺µ˼µ񣬺ǳϹϵ鷳ˡ
˿ɲЩӣ֪Ըҵ
Ǻǣ˷ģһ°µģ
ϣЦſȻµȻӴƢ󣬾ѵӪʦ֡ʦǶɵѣɲǺܿ졣
ˣ
µĹȻɫ䣬Ҫʱӷ£ɫһ¶ϵһɫơ
ֻôһɲǣƱû֮£ߵ˶ûע⵽ĺ¹ȴ
һ˲䣬˾ͺһ£ԭҪڵƿڴҲ˻ȥ
壬жʱ¶ɵɫʱŷ֣ۣûеλ꣬Ȼλߵġ
ȻȨ󣬵Ҳܲ尡
ˣԲǵʧˡҴݺݽѵСӡ
Ϊ׵ѵӪͻȻͷݺݵĵһ壬ǲ
֮ǰڵһѵӪϵʱѾܲˡµˣҪ̲סˡ
ɲΪµˣʹεء
ˣҪʱ䣬·ɡ
Ϊ׵Ҫѵ壬µĹѾִˡɲΪĳλүߵĻǸϽ߰ɡ
ߣˣ
Ϊ׵ݺݵĵһ壬ŲУ¹˵ĵһȥ


뵽뿪󲻾ãһֻ׸뻩չ
µĹһֱֻۣɸ䵽ֱϣȻŴȽϽһż
żϵݣµĹ¶һ˿ȻɫȻȡʣѸٵżıдһ֣
ĿѾͨ
żŸ룬˫һͣŸ㻩գǵķȥ

û뵽ڵһȴģʲôŵĹĶ
ЩһϾɵļУܶطѾĥ𣬰߲ˣҪ䣬Щ˵Ȼͦϣͬһǹһ
ǵĿҲһᶨηľ
Ķսϱ
ˣ
߶һ˺ܾõϱУξæӭ˹ʱʾѵӪĳȻλˡ
ѵӪеѧǾеĽټһ˵ǡưݵλϣЩеУξҪߡ
ˣУξꥣλʿӾڴ˽ӣ׼ʱӼλ˵ĵǴǡ뼸λָʾǼʱ
һ˵ţꥵУξһָأ˸׼ľ̬
˵ʲôЩʿǹǵǴģ
УξĻǰЩͦһ˿ͬϱȫǹǲʹġ
ǬҲѵӪ䣬μô⻹ǵһһʱ̲ס
ǣˣվελˣÿ˸ʮλ˿ĲʹǴǡλ˷ģǶϸսʿʲô񣬵ȥǰ·Ҳһϸѭüͷһµĳǰȥ
ϸսʿ
󲹳һ䣬֣ޱȡ
˶鼤ޱȣѵӪѧᣬ˭ûݺɳӳⷽٵ롣
һУҪȵѵӪҵ֮˵˭Ҳû뵽εǰһѡ
˵ÿֻʮʿѾ൱ˡھУ൱ÿ´ʲ
̫ˣ
һϲ嶼¶⶯ɫ
벻εȻ쵽ôı
ҲǼѡ
Щ˵ӵиӷǷ塣ΪһĴԪ˧ͶЩʿӵһȻ׽С
ʿо̣˵һִԽʱգصȥĸоѪҺƺҪ궯
һĺ
⻹쵽о̵һλΧ˸߾ݿ͵ʱ
һʱֻ̣ܶһҹʱ䣬廹ȫá
ȻһȴͬεжԼȫжʱ俴Զֹһ졣
жʱԼԾָЩʿٴһϱֻӳⷽٵĸо
ݣ
Ǭ꥽ӵʱһ棬˳ԾĿУȻһȺʿλñȥ
ĶȻж
Ҳ̫Ƿˣ
ʱһ·¡ô񣡡

˶Ǵŭѡ
˷ŭֻȻһЦ⡣ЩսϵϱѪеĳЩҲ֮ˣĳٻһҪ͵סŹˡ
Ż˲̤ĳĽ࣬ǰİʮʿ˵ȥ
һĲԱĶԶԷءھ֮УֻʮϵϱŻᶮʹַʽ
Щ˶սϱĥƵļо˵⡣һ׸۹߽ˣʸء
ĶӹʮĶ΢΢ɫ񣬱Ϊ̺һȺѵӪСүû뵽ܿ
һĶЩʿء
˭Ըң
߹ȥ߿Ŀ԰ʮսɳϱҲûһ˿һӳ
ԸӴˣ
ڶݵļž֮һӶʮ˵Ŀѩӣ̤ĲǰһӶӱ
ܺãɣ
һӣһɽ߳۶ȥ󣬶ʮ棬ûһ˿ңһˡ
Ťͷһۣ˵ͷ;ԣΧ֮УƵʿߵġ
Ҳжġ
Сӵ׸ȥˣ
ǬȥıӰ΢΢üͷ
ʣǵɪ϶ЩȥǱ߹ȥˡƽˣû档
һ࣬ͼսĿưһĲмȻõʮԹԼǴʿﶼ˷ܣǱϾǴĳټ棬СһΡκ
ѵӪľѵӪģƽƽ񣬻ͼԽƲˡ
ˡҪһǸϽȥѡԼıɡ
ΨһŮԣͬʱҲǾǰ׼ҵĵŮ˼ͻȻڵ֪ΪʲôǸѵӪСǸһϤĸоͺһһʱ֮ȴȫ벻


326 
˼˵еһǸϽѡɡ
˼Ļܿת˴ҵע⣬һȺ˵Ŀܿƿ䵽ǰʮϡ
һδĴ̣ɳսһ̾Ǭ˷ͣһȺ˺ܿԾǰܿѡԼıˡ

һͰСɽ𣬾ɽһƽϣչΣʮʿһſʼԼƻ
֮УнʿʱرԭԼʿҪ飬ǰǲһϰЩʿɫص㡣
ȻٸЩʿص㣬ǼԷ䣬ǵǰŲͬ
ǾеĹ
һеĽ죬һҪÿʿÿ鳤ÿʲָƣжʱ򣬲ܷӳ
ھôġ
־ٶҲԽӮǰʮʿء
֮У˭鳤˭ʲ
վڶǰ棬ʵ
ʮ˵Ķ΢΢һɧңܿ죬ӶԽ
棬ʲ
棬ʲ
棬鳤

˾һֱۣԼھеݡ
ֻһ鳤
üͷʮ˵Ķ飬Ӧĸ鳤ʲǰԲԾ
ˣԭһġֻ⼸죬ŴӸʱ
һʲڵ
Ϊ⣬ԭǵӣ廹ΪǴͬһгġ
ԭĸģԱһԭľӡ
忪ڵ
Ϊ鷢ˣʮ˵ĶȻʮͬСӣССľš
ķҲ廨ţеڱͥеڰеڰҲں󷽵ӵġ
֮ǳ͢Ӹʱɵһ֧ӣ
ֵΪ⡣
ڵľӣѵˮƽô𣿡
оȲѡ
ӡУϱһνӴʱǵѵǼġ
ڿȻڳ͢⻹һɰûܼʱۿΧǿ𣬵ǳ͢ľѵƶȻıš
٣ǳƽ֮ǰ黹źܸߵ
һǰľӾͿԿó
вɰңԼʱ仹Ƚ磬õõһлü
ֳĶӣÿˣʼʽ
ֱ
ʮ˵ľ˵಻࣬˵ٲ١ļƻǽΪλĸ
ÿǱֳĲͬƫţҸԷֹʹָսп̶ȵĽֻ޷ӳ
գ
ս棬ʮ˵ľӷֳ飬ʼճĲʱҸԵصʾˡ
еٶȺܿ죬һԱ˸߳١Щ˿ԵյеҲʱɱǹˡ
ͬʱΪʹãʱ顣
彫ǱΪһݶӡ
еܴڽս棬츳Ҳмɡͬǽս棬ӳ˸һء
Щ˿ԵҲΪ󱸵֧ԮʱӦ
彫ǱΪڶݶӡ
еٶȶȽƽ⣬ǹᣬյУԵЩִм
һһڶݶӳ𣬾ͿԴгΪѡ
彫ǱΪݶӡ
µ˾Ϊݶӡ
ⲿʵҲĲ̫󣬻ִ㹻ˡ彫һӵԴߡ
ıȥ
㣬㣬Ǳȥ

忴úϸβ֮󣬾͸Щ˵صĸݶӵıš
Ȼִ⼸֧ݶжѡ鳤
һֻʮ˵Ķ飬ʲĸ鳤ݶӾȫ˱š
ʮȻǶʮˣѾȫˡһ֧Ŀս֮
ҲʱԼսġ
ֻʣһˣ
а
սǾѷʽǿľԶǴӼսѪ𣬽뵶ɱѵġ
δȻƽֽٱ鲼Ǿӵʵǿǰ
δӵָӷʽҲµı仯
ǳ仯µĳߡƾһ֪ʶδһ׸ʹӸŽᡢգӳͬʱЧʸߵ
Ҫ̸ǵģľ汾ǳֶʮ˵СŶӡ
ְͬݶãټһԼ࣬侫ϣʹʮ˵ı̥ǣӳԶԶǿڿʼս
׼򵥵ﴫʲ鳤һȺ˿ĿĿֺ֮ǰȫһġ
ʼʱҲֻǾѵӪĴүСȫͬƺھеǳͨ
ǵȵһ꣬˿ĿȫǾΪˣоͬһԨһ㣬ɲ⣬ɴȡ
ˣҿ𣿡
һʲͻȻǰĿ𾴡ɵӶܸоζʲô
սϵʱݼšͬֻҪʱϲһ㣬ܽرȫͬ
еָӷʽۻģܹ׸ıġ˵Чͨ˿ġ
ǣҽ壬Ҹϣ
嵭ȻһЦ֪ʲôҲûֱسԼ֡
ԭǡӣ
ȺһƬˣԭѯʲ͵硣еЩ˲̫˽⡣
ǰĽڶʹ¼Щͨġˡ֪ġ˵һǾ֮ңǴ˾ľŹ佫;Ȼ
Ǻǣ֪ͿˡͲҪٸˡ
΢΢Цоı仯ھ֮лӵкܸġ
ˣ˷ģ֪ô
˿Ŀ˳羴ȻλǾҳģҲѹֻˡ
뵱ȻģͰոշﰲҵĹ͡
ˣǼ֪˵𣿡
Ϊ׵ʲͻȻĿȴǿɽһǬˡ֮ǰʱǶ⼸˵ĹϵɲǺܺð
ǺǣеСᣬǰɡ
ҡҡͷûй͡
ˡ
һˣʲ鳤ԼͨʿٿǬͼ˵Ŀͱòôˡ
ǽ֮ң;һڡҵôҲ˵ˣҲ϶⼸˵Ĵ
ٲһ°ɣϤһ£ȻǾ͹ȥɡ
Ը
ǣˡ
˵ٴò˵ЩϱȷʵܸߣֻǺ̵ܶʱѾ
ǵʵ
ǳʱ򣬽һȦȦʵʣ𵴲ݵĹ⻷̾ѡ
εжȫΪָӽɫˡ


327 ʼж
ЩʿʲͨʿÿһΪ֮ϣһȫﵽ侳
ʮϱȻȫ侳ǿߣ
ͨ˵ˣܼģѵĲӣһɫĶ侳
Щϱܹھзʮ꣬ʱ䣬Ǿеľʵѹġ
ʲô߰㣡
Ϊڴ𣿶ʮ˱Ͳֵ࣬ôɢ
ˡһ￴һϲͨ϶ɲˡһںѹ󣬲ҪǵĺȾˡ
Ƕʮ˸ҲǸˣ˷ѣ

ѵʱҲԼıձ࣬ͬʱעǱߵ
ڸһСɽ˵ĿⶼֻܿϵĲӡĸݶӻһ𣬿оһƬң޹ؿԣҲԽƲˡ
ټƽеѵӪԽĲˡ
׼һ£һҪҪǻԹˣҲõˡʱԼ߾ˡ
Ǭ˵źܿתͷӹȥˡȻֻжʮ˵Ĳӣǵһ̣ǬкԾԾԣһֵĳ嶯
һ࣬ȴûǬóѡ
ڽ˼ˣͬʱ˼ֽΧ֮ͽƽʵѾ̥ǶʮԽСɽ𣬴ŹɳǬͼڵĵطϹ
ˣ
ͼ̧̧Ƥ壬Ǽ
š
ȵһЦҲƽϣһӣʮ˵Ķ뻮һȴϢķصԭĶУվԱߡ
ߣ
˿һĻǺһȻŤͷȥ
ȻһЦҲû⣬һվ˶еǰ档

ҲǰյҵĹһֻгӥצͬһռ
ꥣҲжУξæǰ˫־𣬽סֻ˶ӥֽĴһͲȻһۣѸٵĲ߳۹ȥߵ˼ǰ˫ַϣ
͢Ǽ̳ʼжĵͼҪ󡣡
ÿεǺֳһһÿ˶ͬ񡣺µĹϰٸָж㣻ͲУξͳ졢ֹıͳһȺ
ϸݣɱ·ȻҲִ֪ľЩˡ
ÿ˶ԼĻڣ̶ȵĽ˱ܡҸְر֣ͬʱֱִ֤УҲֹס
һڵ;ˡɽˡһܷŹҪһ£˳жΪʧܣ
ǬšϢϵݣüͷȻֽԱߵĻͼͼ˼⣬䵽ϡ
˿֮·һǳңԶĵ·Ҫ֮ãܵ򣬶м;صĺܶطǻƧ˵ģҪôɳĮҪôȺɽҪôǻԭ
ô·;ϣֿ̽Ҫҽᣬغʲô֮ģ̫ˡ
ƫƫ˿֮·ϵĺˣ̣ᣬһҵ׷ǳķĶֶǷƷ顢觡ʯϡƽĵĲ˹
Щ̫ˣһ㶼Ǹԡ
еġ˿֮·Ҳ˴ˡȻپһֱڴһֱŽ
ԴӲŲӣ֪أΣأҲӲϵĲ
Щʳ֧ḷ́󲿷ʵǷǸҲ˲ٺ֣ҪҲǼ򵥵顣
ˣҲסЩٷ˵ġ顱Щˡɽľ²һÿһһһʱˡ
ҲͰˡ
˿֮·ϵǳӣʼֻһЩЩˡǺͽĲˣһЩղĺˡʳˡ֧Ҳеķڱ˽ٹ֮Ҳ׷Ϊܡ
Һܶʱ򣬺ˡʳ˺ͺҲһɽկ棬ӡ
ˡʳṩϢˡһжҽᣬԽԽ׳󣬴ٵĿҲϱ仯
ʼʱ˿֮·ϵĽٷ˻ٺ̣ˣʳˣǷչǾͲ˭ˣֻҪǾԼĵ̣ˮ̣ˡһ١
չݵʱһβ֪һֻɽˡȻ˳͢Ĺپӡ
ΪǼ飬͢ŭſʼ飬ʼڵĽɨ
ǳӣ嵱Ҳ˵һЩһЩӵˣ˵ЩˡɽҲԹصԷǳ
ԼжǼһγ͢ڵɨж
ֲûɳµˣɳʮϱǡ
𾩳ǵĺ¹˼
ļУ˿֮·ϵ̵ͨںµĹ롣
˿֮·ˡɽĹپ˻Ҳһֱɺڸ
ˡɽկʲô̫ѵ¡ˡɽʵǿҲǿһ߰ʮսϱ
Ҫᵽж˲©֮㣬Уÿܳˣ鷳ˡ
˿֮·ƵĶǷ֮󲿷ֶ͹پ˽һԼѧ־ѧ
Щͽװоõľ󣬶ЩҲﵽ٣ǧĵز
ΧУѱ֤ûκεˡ
ǰζεжϵĿȥô򵥡
Уξ͢ж̫໹⡣ܵһɽˣδ˵ɣɽôΧôܵһǺ顣Ҫδ̫˵ɡ
ǬЩɫѿ
ǺǣˣʵҲܺ⡣
ЦŽ͵
ЩˡɽҰһδֻҪܵһͷһЩһɽͷһɽկе·ϣܶˡɽôġ
ҪЩˡɽͱ񾡣һ»ڣãú߲η֮ġĻж塣ֻЩˡԽԽࡣ
Ǭͼ˼˿֮·ϵĸȻǵԤڡ
ֻԴԤϣû̫⡣
λ˷ģе·ϣ󲿷ɽ˶ɢ£ʵҲأڹپǰһҲΣвԼλҲò̫ģֻҪ취ҵǣ߾ˡ
ЦŲ

ͣǬ˲һ
һԭ򵥣ֻҪȵҹ֮ʱжͿˡˡɽȻĴɢ䣬һصϳҹʱʱʱȥһɱǸֲңҲԷֹܡ
ȻǰûִйƵ񣬵Ǭ۽硢ʶǺܿ˽顣


328 İ˼⣡
˸߼ȷʵС
ꥹһ񣬶ǬҲ顣ѵӪȻսϵľΪ㣬Ҳǳ
ȻҲǿԵġ
Ǭưĵ˵ͷͻȻ壬һЦ˹
ߣһжͲظˡһںŰɣǡ
ԡ
ϵ˵ͷƵᣬνӣǬֱ޵޲øһ¡
סˡ
ֻҪûз´Ͳ޹Ҳꡣ֮УǺϵġ

Ǭ޺޵Ŀһ壬кһˣ
ߣ
һ£Ǭͼ˼һˣԴŶʮܹʮ˵ıһ·̳ȥ
Ϊʲô·ϲô򵥵ģôףͽɾˣõڡ
һһʲͻȻǬȥķһķ߿
Ǿң𾴵֡ЩǰҲδ̫ˡ
Ǻǣ޷ȥɡ
ְ˰֡ǬͼΪԼһǴʱԼݣҲδ˾ҵͷ˻Ϊֻˡ
ǳ˿ͷ˱ڣʱȻҲˡ
ʾԼȻٳ֣Ҳһ١
ˣǰμӹ񣿡
ͻȻعͷ
ǣ
ɵ˵ͷûзϣ
ڵֵǣ󲿷ֶǴطġֻǰͲμӹΡ
Ŷ
ЩǸУξûпĶɿͶеĶࡣ
֪ʲô𣿡
ʵ
ҡҡͷֵ˵ͷ
֮ǰҲֻ֪֪⼸µͨĵ·ϣپһֱжΧɽˡһ㶼ܾáرͬԼһ¶ǰ·ͻȻ֮ðˡɽҼĻԾԵúܲһ
ɿڵ
Ŷ
üͷ˶˼
·ϣżĳʱˡɽܶӦǺɣ
ҲŰǰһжǴһɽˣץǵͷ졣˵ҵǣصɣХɽֵģıǳķǸ书ܸߣ
Ǹ˵ǸĺܰĺˣҲǺˡɢһ̵ζһе˹˵ζ
˹أ˹ؾкԶײ¸ԭҲϤӦúٻᵽɡ

˹أ廹Щ˽ġ˹˵ʵȺ˻ҪһЩˣڳᣬ˹ͣصϵ䵶ս棬
˹˵սЩһ糱ˮһ㣬ӸԭϷˢʱԵֵġ
̵ıս⻷һܹס˹˵ֳ档
˹ԣͺ˺ƣǶԼĸԭǳľΪԭκĻ
ںУĻʵӡ
˹˹ӵأսʤˣҲ᷵ظԭԣкˣʳˣ֧ˣˣи߾ˣжگˣΨ˹ˡ
Ҳ˹˲ܻԭ֮һ
Ҳ֪ʱȷʵǸկ˵Ļ͢˳ֱ֣ӾͰˡҾͲ֪ˡ
ɵ
ִн˷Ĺپкֻܶ࣬΢һʿѡ֪ô࣬Ѿ൱ˡ
ϾҲǾ
֪ˡ
ͷû˵ʲôԺȴ֮
˹ˡһǰ
Ժд˷ԼǵѵӪʱ˵˹иʲôʹŵ˴ơ
ʹ飬УҲʲôֵ̫顣
ϧûʲôŸ룬ҪȻǿԲһ飬ǲĺ˹йء
̾
ʲô׼ӣȻҲŸ롣仰˵вμˣǴʧ״̬
ѵӪĽ̹ٿ¶Ǻ˵ˡ
ݣ
һ˺ܿȥ

ҹ뾩ʦٶѾ¤ҵķˡշ죬һ޴£ǬŶʮ˵Ĳ׼װ
ηֵֻһֻСɽԼֻʮңʵҲǺǿ
Ǭд׼ţСԡ
ȻǴҵĳǹʵսһһȺʮ˵ľǬҲǵһΡ
Ǭ׼Զ֣˶
ǲҪҶͿˡһȥʰǡر㣬Ҳϣ㻵ҵļƻ
Ǭһһָָʮɿ⣬վڹٵϵ
֣ҽʹҲȥ
΢΢һЦƢõš
ǬһȭڿУҲǰٰĲˬѾ뾡취ŭ壬ƫƫһ㶼ϵ
ǬҲ޴֡
ԽǬоԽǶ
ߣҵĺϢ
ǬƲͷʮ֣ͬһһ㣬ɽϵĳѨȥ
Ǭݣںڰж뻮һûܵľ;Ӱ죬忴Ҳɵðһ֡
ӹٵɽĳѨҲСʱʱ䣬Ǭǵ㹻ɱϼˡ
忴ʧҲԱһ

Ҳһʱ䣬ԶԶģڰһɽͻȻһܵĴͬʱҽе
پӰ
ǲֵ̿ҹرźԶľ룬Ҳ
ܵĻս˻ԿһԾĹپӰĴɢӵɽ
Ǭʧˣ
Զɽķ򣬻ͼͰ˼ɫǳѿûеҲ֪Ǭļƻʧˡ
ЩɽʵپһǾܣ书Ӳ̫ô
ǣУξ·˵ɽ֮Ȼɽͷڹڹپϣȴ쳣ͨġ
һܵһɽһ˵ϢܿͻᴫɽҲҪܵһɽԭ
ڿԺжô˳ˡ
Ӱ忴ɽĻ⣬кֻǵһЦû̫ı顣
֪ʧܣ
ͻȻһӶߴһŤͷһ۾Ϳһɫİס
ڰУ˼ⶢ壬ֵֹġ
ǵıһոֻΪԼĲ£ϵǰ˼⡣
һ·ϣƲԼûкԼйʲô
˼⣬Ҳǵһκ
Ǻǣѧ˵ʲôأҸ
ЦģҡͷװͿ
𣿡
˼һۣǱȻǲŵġ


329 ìܣ
ܿ죬˼Ťͷȥһȥ
һ࣬ͼѾע⵽ˡ
С˵ʲô
ͼü
ûʲô
ͻͼ˼ûֱͣصԼĶС
ͼ΢΢ЩãһܿתעӰе屻˼һ
ŮˡҲ̫˰ɣǿʲôƾŮ˵ֱ
忴ԶȻһİ˼⣬Ժд˷
˼Ƿٶǳ治⣬ʼϲϣԼû뵽˼ȻһֱڹעԼ
ҲΪԼʲôˡ˼ľٶ忴һŮ˿µֱ
ѵӪܴﵽ侳Ů˹Ȼ򵥣
ﰵ޻˹˼Ҳˡ
оɵذ
Ұ˼һ仰˵Ҳ˵ĸо˼˵ܸоԼ
֪Լǰܼ
֮ǰСˡ
а
ɽȼաӦǴݿɺܿɵǬ˰ʱ١
ɽʱһȺ϶ѬǵĺۼǬɫǺڵĸһ
ˡ
һսһ˿ϣӭȥǬܿƲͷȥ
Ҫˣʧˡ
˵ⷭʱǬɫѿαȥģеⶼǵ൱λ
ɽΧ˵ʱһжԼԤϵȫһ
Ǭ㻨˰ʱʱȥΧЩ©ܵɽϣֲܹڵҹɫӵֺ͵ʱ򷴵Ǭϰ
ȻƴȫȻɽ˳ȥ
ǬԼ˵ʣǱɽ˵ģ׷ļսʧ㱻֦˵ġ
Ǭ˵ȫɱˣжʮսĴϱ
ûȥ
˲ؽ黳·ϻкܶɽˣǵһԺкܶĻᣬԺСһͿˡ
ꥰο
ж͢ѵӪѧûָܹжɹֻǽ򰾡ǰˡ
㣬ԲûԵ̫ʧ
ʱ仹磬ҹϢûдݳȥ˿ӱڶɽɽկȥ
ǬһһΣµĶʮͻϻɽӿȥ
һһεĽѵǬԵرСġǰ׼Ҳӳ֡
ǰʱ󣬳ǰǬ֮ǰѿˡ
ѾСˣȻ˼ɽ
ǬǰûвμӹĽ񣬵·ϵɽԵرĽƻĵθӵϤӵãҲӵĸжԸپľ顣
һôץס

Ǭɫˣڷεеôˡ
֣Ҫ԰ɡ
ͼǰһ
ãҾͲţѵӪĵӣϵӻԸһһСɽ
ʧܣûǬǬбһӵĻҪϴˢ衣
ҹɫһ·ϵɽӪկʱǬɷ˵ٴһȣɽϳȥ
һζԱǰκúܶ࣬ûгĻ⣬Ҳû˻
ǵһС˳ɽµһ·£ѸʧɽеʱǬζҪըˡ
ʣζһʧˡ
κɽѶζǵй¶Σ鷢Ǭжǳʧˡ
֣һΣ⣡ҪϢϢɣ
ͼȥǬļ򣬲ΪȻ
ǬѵӪģΪԼߡжͼǬǸ߿һ۵ġǽʧûͼ۾ĶǬһ˿ӣһء
Ҳ˳
Ǭĸֱܵ仯ֻĺһߵһߡȻкܲʣʧôΣǬû˵ˡ
һоʮ˵ɽĵ̣˵ͼ³壬Ŷʮ绢ǣֱȥ
Լʱ󣬻ͼ˻ˡҺǬͬͼĲл˱
ֻɫҲоóͼҲʧܣûܹһ©Ľɽɾ
ʲôкÿģ
ͼŭ壬Լһԡͼû뵽ЩɽȻôƻͨɽկ·ûʲô⣬ȴ鲼塣
ͼһŲ˴ݽȥ嶼ˣɽկ;ˣĽ֪
ͼճһһȭڿУ޴
ߣΪжͣ
ǬʱȻҲŹĻᡣ
ֱʱ˲Ÿоеȫͬ
ҪЩɽѣҪһ©ȫ𣬸Ͳ̫ܡ
Ĵɽ͵崦ɽıȽϽġ
γǰ˼⡣
Ȼʧˡ
жȫʧˡУξꥣʱҲ˵οĻˡ
⼸ѵӪѧ޾顣ȥûгɹĿԡ
̵ҲûбҪٽȥˡ
ң˽˼ɽҪ˶ãµɽֻռЩɽڡ
е·ϣԶȱðյ֮ͽ
һϣжʱ򣬶ŰףˣʱѾȫʺжˡ
ˣһ¡ģټС
ꥵĻû˵꣬ͱһˡ
СӣЦʲôڳЦ𣿡
ǬͻȻŲԶ壬ŭ
𣿡
һָָָԼһԻһֱϣʲôûɣ
Ǭʲôʱ򿴵Цˡ
ߣƱ棡
ǬԽԽһжȫʧǬһӵϢڿÿ˶ڳЦԼ
˭Ŀ⣬ǲԼǬ൱ۡ嵹ЦûЦҪˡ
ǲǾǺܣǲǾߣǵ˼ΪҿôȥҲôҿмֱ£
Ǭ
𣿡
ָԼһ޹ûô룬ûô˵Ǭӣ϶˼
ߣ۸ֵͣ
ͼҲԱĺһǾǬδЩ̫Ϻˣû뵽жʱ֪Զĸӡ
ͼҲǻۡ
һȺ˶ʧҲûʲôĸ棬ȫʧˣֻ廹ûԹ
ͼʱȻվǬһߡ
СӣȻôƲǡ㵹Լ֣ǿ
ͼҲһ䳰ȷ
˼һĿҪ˵ʲôסˡֻУξ꥿һĻЩġ
λˣҪ滹ҪλһĵطɫѾʺϳˡ
ꥲڼм䣬Ҫͽŵաʱ벻鷢ˡ
ã
һʡӶߴꥵ


330 㵵Ǭͻͼ
һɲǼ䣬ͻȻһƬš
תͷЩԾĿ꣬Ǭͼ˼ͬסˡ
ǬͼҲ뼤壬䳰ȷһѣеĶ˭Ҳû뵽ȻӲӦˡ
Ϊй⣬ס˭Ҳ˵
Сӣ˵ʲô
ǬͻȻǰ壬ЩɲڶȷոǲǾ仰
˵áҿԴȥ˷ˡ
΢΢һЦĿɨˣƵᣬûκεӳ
ǡ
ţҪֹȴ˵˻ˡ
ãС֣
ǬõȷĴ𰸣ŭЦ
УǿǾ;ļ
˵ʱĿ޺ޣŭ֪
ˣڿɲжĺʱ򰡣
һʲӺе㵣ǵǬȻʧΣһû˵ģҹжԱȰʱɹʸߡ
˵ˣ߰ɡ
ƣһ֣ȥʲ촽ţֹǹĸȥ
ˣ춼Ѿˡһôɹ˸ոʵȫشӦǵġ
һʲʱӺϹǵǵ
ʧܵС£˵ʵЩɽʲôвǸոջѾųôȥⲻ˱˳Ц
֮ǰ֪ݻνϾֻǬǼѵӪѧĳͻ
Դ֪ݣ֪ǾңǾŹӣϵӣ˵ĸоȫͬˡ
ϣ˲Ը⿴衣ΪҲͬܵ衣
ǺǣġֻǵĻûôӡ
·Դӣ֦ҶïʢͣһŴԣ鵭ȻȫôšģǻЦó
컹Ǹո룬ǶðɹϣЩɽô룿
⡪
ʲ࿴һ۶ԷͻȻ仰һͻȻЩ׽˼·ˡ
ɽϾɽǾһͻλ侯ǣǾɽôõǻ᲻ϴԷϢֱӾͿʼɢȥɽͷ𣿡
ɣμӹΧЩɽôõľ𣿡
˵ĿƳһʲɡ
ᣬɽôߵľ򡣡
ԽԽѾ˼·ˣ֪ʲôˡԽԽ档
ȻǾŹӣҵĹӣ˼·һ˲ͬɽɽپڲ̫жɹЩɽ¾͸ӵķɣӵΪܵˡ
һ˵ʱж±ҹʱɹʻҪߡ
֪Ϊʲô֪ѾˣӦҪΧɽˡ
ǰ಻ʮ꣬Ƶ꣬вɵһĸо
Ѿˡ
嶢ɣЦʲǳһͨж֮ԼĹϵͨԼ
һССʲѣӦòʲô̫⡣
ֳȻȥ֮Լ취δȻиܴɾ;һССʲô򵥡
ȻЩԺ飬ûбҪھ͸˵
ЩͷԺһӶָܿƽ
ˣڿʼж˺鲼һ¡Ҫ졣
ǣˣ

Ƭ֮׼ɣһӣĸݶӵѸ档
ȥĿ죬ĸ졣ŰʱŶʮٴһȾǰ
ˣ
Ǭһĺɡ
ţˡ
˵ͷȻһЦ
ɹˣ
ͼҲˣͬš
ţɹˡ
ٴε˵ͷ
ôܣƭأʱǴﵽɽկһأ˵Χ˳ɹˣΪɵ𣿡
ǬȻŭжÿζǴʱӽһʱʱȻ˵Χ˳ɹˣһա
ôܣ
浱ɵ𣿿տڰ
ǺǣѾ˵ˣѾɡǲţҲû취
ȻЦ
Сӣ㲻ں˵˵Ǳİšѱ֪ʲôɣ
ͼҲɫȻҲĵ
ЦЦûᡣ
ʿż֣׳УǣĽɽ𣿡
УξҲͻȻʵ
֪ʵʲôǼȻִȻΪеʽУξְȥŪࡣ
УξˣȷʵѾɽеǻɽѡ
ĶУ㵽ֵУһ񣬳
ûˡ
ִʿ塢ǬͼǲͬҪѵӪģЩʿְͬľˡ
˾Ҫ
ѱ飬򵥵ģ޹ؽҪ飬ȥ֮ҲҪܵĳͷ
Ϊսϱо˵ϣǾԲܣҲм˵ѵġ
Ȼ˵ѾǾ;ˡ
죬ǳȥ鿴һҪ֪ɽǲȫɾˡ
ǬͻȻûô塣
ǣˡ
ܿȥʱٴγ֣ϢȴǬס
ɽկɽȫɱܶ˯һЩ췹ʱ򱻻ɱģ롢衢ưõǣûһܹܡ
Ľһɽ
Ǭͼ˶סˡʵǰŲţ嶼Ľһɽկ
ĸˣжֻĳɹˡ
Ǻǣðɡɽر
޽ǵͷĿ⣬Ƶ
仰Ǭͼû˵ʲôһԵİ˼ⲻһۣ⡣
ߣСӣã
»ػûôõ
Ǭͼ޺ޣܿתͷ
ǶţԼȲһѵӪˣͱǻСĽͣǸһο塣
ȷʵʵ˸ԸţνֻǼ򵥵ѡ
жûлǬͼĹϵʹԽѵӪġƽ˳ˡ
·ϣ˺Խ룬޻˫ĲҲ˺Զľ룬й䵭жԵζ
ʱ仺ȥ֪ȥֵжʱ
Сӣȥ
ǬͻȻҵ壬ûԸȥΧɽǬҲɵһʱ䣬پΧɽϢɢȥˡ
ʱȥɹʾԲߡ
£Ǭɲ廹аôõ
ȵġֵˡ
ͼҲ͵͵ʹ˸С
Ҳ뿴ǲǻôõ


331 ̽
ã
屾һŹͩϢ仰ƨɣ˴ϵĻңȻ˵һӷִԼµĶʮɽϱȥˮ
ֻһǶʮʧӰ١֮죬Ӧ֮ˬ죬Ǭ˶еʼϲ
ԭΪҲһ£û뵽ôˡ
ȥĿ죬ĸ졣
ȻǰʱʹŶʮˣһ١ҿҲǾһսӣɽеĹһ飬ȻĻˡ
ɹˣ
ꥲǰ壬һȵӣôҲʧܵӡ
Ҳδ̫ˡңɽȫûһϢ
š
Ц΢΢ס
𣿡
Ǭͼɫʵ͸̫ˡ
Ǻǣ˭֪أľðɡ˭ɽôء
˸
ߣ
Ǭͼŭһ˰˼⣬پϢһʱѾˡ
ĶҲӦһ㾯趼ûСӦñȰѶԸɣһأͰʱ࣬ҲûκεĶ
ѵĶرźŶͱˣ
ߣҲȥԣ
Ǭͻͼ࿴һۣжӿͬ뷨е·ϣеɽʵһ
˵һεɽʵر
嶼ܲѴ֮׽ǣǵʵҲһ
һǰһ󣬷糾͵ǰȥ
ʱ֮ǬɱڣһɱɽǬȥʱҰĲ־ʱȴǻͷ
ɽϸǻܣǼʮⶼܿ
жԷ׼һɱǬֲǬ£ƥսˣˣǬԼ˲ʡ
潻ܵ˻ãƫƫʲô壬ʲô̡İֶΣһʲôʵֶΡ
Ǭϣǿͻƣնɱɽͷ죬εжʧҪ
ǬбһӵĻƫƫ޴й
ִͬͬǽɽִеȫͲһѶȼ
ɽʱ⣬ȥ˸ԵӣǬоԽˡ
һﲻôùɣ
ͼ۾תаȡǬʵڻͼǬʮа˾ǵ㱳رֵɽ
ʱ򣬻ͼȻҲȥùͷ
ȥԣ
ͼתһ֣ԼĶǰȥţǬһ㱳
ɽϾɽôܺ͹پ
ͼȥļĸͷ棬ǱǬҪ⡣
Ǭɽĳͱǻɽע⵽˶Է׼ֶ֣ڶ࣬ʯ̣ɽͷɽ
һս÷ǳ࣬Ǭ£˹Ҳʡͼ㰤˼ҵĶ
һӦÿ죬Լ⵶ͼжˡ
㣬æ
ͼ̧˻Եܻ
ʮ˵ĶȻоеľҽڱϾɽõĶǺܳģʲô̫ϡĶ
ƺܿȶˡ
֧飬ܼưʮ˵ĶȴùǬͼ˼⣬һȺ˵Ŀ⼸ͬʱ˹ٵһ塣
˵Ǭһ˵㱳Է׼áǻͼҲˡѵһ㱳
ֻһ˺
ĶҲͰˣϣҲˣѵ¶һռˣ˵񣬵Ϊֹֻһˣһ쳣ɡ
Ҫ˵ûʲôΣǶš
һԣ²ҾͲţ˵ôõ
ǬͼŹٵһ࣬һô£սЦ壬дͬͷ
У߰ȫ޷ԼȲһѵӪƽʵ
Ǭͻͼĵûг֣˵죬ȻûκεĸĹۡǬʧˣұȵһ컹Ҫء
Ǭ˲᲻صˡ
е·ϣ뾩ʦԽԶɽǵʵԽǿġһ㣬Уξѹǡ
Ƿ壬ȻǺˮһɣһ⡣ϣȫҲκ˵ĺۼ
ȫ޷ȷǲϹɽ˹ɽ
⣡
죬ȫѹһͷǬͻͼԭЩ϶нԶԩ־۵һ
СΣ
ûôãÿɽôСڻεǡ
ͼ˵ʱдһŭζ
ÿλͬĽڣɽȽտʼʱ˻浱ˡ
룬Сӷڷݡڿǡ
ջѰ
ãϲ硣侳ս⻷ûá
һԼġƽ񡱣
жɼ˸šô£
Ǭ޺޵
Сûô˻
š
ͼҲ˵ͷҲ֪嵽ôɽġô죬ôɣûһ궯
°飬ܿע⡣
壬õˡ
꣬ͼͻȻﵽǰ
Ŷ
üǵӦòԼɡȻͼԼȳҲûйϵ
ã
źһ֣ٴδŲӣǰһɽϳˡ뿪֮󲻾ãǬ˸ƣһ뿪ķ׷ȥ

飡
ûκεϢһڽ棬ǳɽһذ״Ӻһж˲ӡ
ʬ䵽ϣһ׹ص졣ɳɳȴǺۡ
ɽʬ׹䣬ĵطҲӶͬ졣
ˣ˸ǡ
ڴʱͻȻڵĿⲻ׾Ƴһۣ鿴ǳ衣
Ŷȷǰ滹Ǻ𣿡
üͷɫ
棬Լʮľ룬һԹľ档

ŶǾȥɡᡣ
˻֣Ϊ
Ǵˡ
Ǻǣɣɡû⣬ӦֻǬͻͼ̽ӡҪɽϵɽڻ޶ԣ̲𣿡
嵭Цǳɡ
ԭ֪ˡ

ֻЦЦûн͡챻ԼӣǬͻͼҪ޶ԲĹˡ
Ҫǲ̽廹֡ڼȻ̽ӳˣ巴Ȼˡ


332 һ
׼һ£·;ȥڣݴԡʯɽϵɽ̽ͳͳҽˡǵãҪǷѶϢֻҪ©һˣǵжʧˣҲٽˣӷɡԺĹپ
عͷָж
ǣˡ
ɺܿȥ
ﴫ죬¶һ˿ЦݡɽֻʵǴ
ܹӹپһΧҪôʵӲҪôǻˡʵӲҲӲ͢ЩɽĻͿ֪
ߵ
ǬͼЩӵܱϾ̫٣ε̫ˣΪֻɳӣƾѹԵʵԷѡ
һʼ֪εʵǾ顢۽ǻۣǵ
ɽϵɽԼĳģҹжжһЩ˻Щڡ
Щɽǲܵþȫɹɽġ
Ǭͻͼһʧܵʱ򣬾Ӧ뵽һ㡣
ϧ˾̫ҲЩɽ̫ˣȻڶû뵽ɽĳһ㣬ΪԼ̫
׼ʼ
ĽΧɽһ֣ҹɫĸݶӣֳɰ֧Сӣɽկ֮С
ʱɽɽǻ˯֮С

ʲô
ɽŵĹٵϣ̽ӴϢǬͻͼ˴ͷβûЩɽ
ʧܼ죬ΪԼ̫ôҲû뵽ȻǱЩɽŵİڡˡ
ԭôˣСӾȻᶼûᣡ
ͼջѡ
С΢˵һ£ҲᵽڻûԼ˼ҵĶˡ
ͼԼҲ֪⼸̬ȣǾԲܸ˵ġ
ߣԭô£
Ǭȴûô뷨֪ġܡһ˦Ĵӵվ
һΪСжı£Ȼ֪ô£Ǻòˡ
̸䣬ٴλָģͬʱֶĲмҲٴ¶˳
ֻһûע⵽ЩɽгѣȻ֪ô£Ժֻĸá
ѵӪġƽӵܡǰѾûκνԡ
գ
˼䣬һּ䴫һװЦӯӯ˽ּ˳
ˣ
ǬԶԶ
š
ͷ
ߣϲˡ
ǬɵӶеĲм
ЦЦĿɨǬеĳѾ֪ô¡Ҳ˵ƣֻǵĻ֣
л
٣СӣҲ⡣ǵ㼿Ϊǲ֪𣿻ͼߣˣ
һ죬̳ǰȥ
ȥʱ־ǻʱǻͷ֮ǰʧܵļɫҪѿ
ô£ûע⵽ôų𣿡
ǬҵӶǺġж漳ȡĽѵųЩɽڡ
һͨĿ֦壬Ǭǰ
ֹˣһ·УǰǬЩɽõԽԽ࣬ԽԽǿʤ
ֱʱǬͻȻҪϢɽկЩɽԶǽЩɽеġ
취ųЩɽ塣
ңҲ֪ҸǣǸûй壡һʱˣ
ҲǼͷ󺹡
ʿְǷǬȥ壬ȥˡϵõôࣿǬҪģѾְΧˡ

Ǭͼɫ̫ÿ
ССˡ
Сһ֣

ɫ޺ޡǬ˿ͼҲһ˱ϺͺһһҲǰ
ǬʧˣͼΪżȻԼҲһ
ⳡĽУȻʧߡӮҾһֱô塣
Ǻǣλˡ֪ɽûУ
ٵϣ˻庱Ĳǰ˹֣ӭȥ
۸߹֮ǰĲмһˣʱҲ˵ͨ죬޵ݡ
ҪǳɹˣȻҲǰӸ£ݺ䡣ȫˡ
ٵ⣡ǽ˼ɽʲô˲ģ
ͼ
ȻԼҲ죬ĻջҪи͢УξලͶˡ
ߣ
ͼǬķӦͼ򵥶ˣĺһֱŲ£ȥߵһߡ
ΪʲôֱӸأ
һӶߴ˼ⲻ֪ʲôʱ˹
ʲô
ݹȥһʵɫ
ǶΪѵӪƽΪʲôֱӸأ
˼´壬һ˫Ŀ͸̽Ѱɫ
оϤĸоԽԽǿˣԿ϶Լǰĳط壬ƵĶ
·ҲԽԽ˼Ȥ
Ǻǣʲôݣ
崧װͿ
ûһƽˣǬͻͼҵӻ˵
˼ҡҡͷĿⶢ壬·Ҫ
ݱԲʲôƽ񣡡
ǺǣҲ֪˵ʲô
˸һֱȥ׼ҵŮ˵ǱǬͼǴöࡣ
ٸȥԼҪ©ˡ
˼⿴ıӰ̾˿һָоǬͼߵˡ
һλǶЩˡڶ档
Լ˵ݣ˼Ҳް취

ʧΣʱûȥĻᡣʲôɱɽ񶼺塣
ܿ죬һٴΰעϡ
Сӣֵˣ
屳һ·ߵϢʱ򣬻ͼͻȻ˹סּ¹⡣
ʲôˣ
һɵ۾
ȥɽˣ
ͼаޡ
ȥ
ϵһѶӣԱͷͷԼСһѣҲ
˵ʲô
ͼͶˡСҲ̫Լ˰ɡ
ûǴĻҽѾȥ˰ɣ
嵭
ڹظˣÿΡ
ͼҲһ㣬ǬͿǹˡ
ȥ
ٴθɾľܾ
ң
ͼŭȥȥΣⲻ˵̬ǿ˻ðɣ
Ǵҿ֮һµĽȥҲȥȥҲȥĻɱҶ㲻ˡ
仰ͼ˺þãڽ˵˳ѵСˣѵӪҲδ̫ˡ
ǻɽСӣ۸ΪȴԶԶ壬ǵǿ
СӵҲȥǿɹֲˡ꥿Ҳû˵


333 ۺ죡
٣ҪûǴĻӵһ쿪ʼѾǵˡѾĻɽɾ䣬ûܵһǽӵĿǰΪֹӦѾ˵һ׶ε񡣻仰˵ǽӵµĻڿԳҲԲ
һָ覵˵仰
Щ˵Ҳָʲô˼
һȭڿմͼɫһͣͻȻ˵ˡϸ룬ӵһ쵽죬ÿζɹˡ
仰˵ȷʵѾǰ˵һ׶εҪ
ͼ֮ǰõ˵ǣһȫ˵ˡ

ͼȭͷа޲ѡ
ûʲôµĻ鷳뿪һ°ɡһ£ҪϢһ¡
Уһ߾һֻӬһ˻֡
ͼһӵȴ޴ɷֻת޺޵Ļصԭ
Ǭţ±ϡ
Ҳûʲôð취ˡ
ʱͼǬ˼˻ôС
壬˾˺ܶ࣬þȥһ;ɽˣ鲻þϢһ졣
ڵڶ׶εĳ͢񵹳ٳû棬ҲֵС
ˣǵˣ
ͻȻڵһ˵ţһ߻ͷƳһۺ󷽡ӰУľ´£ԶԶֹһˡ
Ǭͻͼ˸壬һʱ򻹶ٹ˼һ㣬ֻһˡ˺棬ԽԽ࣬ԽԽ޼ɵ
ڣм֪ˣԾʹӲʯ˳ںۿ
Ůˣ
ЦҡҡͷǬͻͼǻҪ棬ô󣬺޹˼ں涢ŵģҲֻа˼⡣
Ů˺ǬͼǲһһֺƲˡңŮҲĶࡣ
ԼһЩùǬͼǣȴǸŮӣ嵹Ҳøƽϡ
ȥɡֻҪǲңͲعǡ
嵭һų壬һ߼ǰȥ󷽣еؾأ󣬰߹·ǰȥ
ҽɽʲôģǼҳ㷹ǬͻͼкܶϹҲʣС˼ҵĵЩ塣
ЩֶΣѵӪѧǺҹӲ֪ġЩֶΣǰȴûʲôô
Щ֣ΪƽʵϵĲ࣬嵱Ĵûù塣
Щӵ壬ɽİֶζСˡ
ܶ壬۾ƹֻЩƹ壬Żżųһ¡
ԼЩ£Ҫһܼ򵥣Լôߣˡ
ǬͼΪɼں涢žܼѧᣬǾ̫뵱Ȼˡ
Щûôѧġ
ˣǰǺڷĳѨû⣬ЩƽǵɽկѨ֮С
ڴشָϷɽɫУɼһ͵Ӫկɽϡ
ʱɽկڳ˯֮Уûκһ֪ĹپѾ
ǺǣǾòſеĻƽ𶼹ˣ
忴ɽ¶һ˿Цݡ
һ׶εˣɲеû¸ɣǬͼǰ԰ڡ
еġ˿֮·ϻвٵˮġ
֮ǰЩɽʱʹˣٽǵһ·ϣ󲿷ֵɽˮţһС
⴦ڷһǸոմһ̣˲ٵĻƽ鱦Ρ
ɽǶߵЩ鱦ȫȥˣһһ˻ƽ
仰˵ڷڿǸߡ
ôܻŹֻᡣ
ڿɵǮĵط

գ
Ŷʮһƽֵʱ۾ֱˡ
ЩӶûмӸǸӵģƳγεģ¹¼ҫۡ
ƽ
ƽ
ôĻƽ²ʮ֮࣬˭Ҳû뵽ȥһɽϣȻ̧ôĻƽ
һɲǣǬͼ۾ˡ
ȻҺ;ǻƼҶʲôС壬ܽѵӪ˵⡣
ĺԼȫһ
ǬͻͼҲ˹ܶɽȻûܾȫȻһЩɽܵЩɽȷʵǱǴݻˡ
˽ôΣɽͷҲ٣һëûõ
һɽȻ̧ʮӲӵĻƽʰ
СӣƽǴģ
ͼǰĿԼּȻֹס¶Сӣδ̫˰ɣ
ǺǣȻǴɽկġ
嵭ȻһЦ֪ͼҪʲô
ȻɽկģǾӦڼսƷӦó乫ĸһƽ֡
ͼһ˵ţһ߶һӲӵĻƽⲻԶ
̰࣬ʲôûУȴ·һݵؤɼӣΪ̣ʲôо
ͼھָܡ
Ҫôͬ⣬ĸ˴һ֣ҪȻԳ˹˭Ҳò
Ǻǣֻ͢˵Ҫ˷ˣǲû˵ɽսƷӦôá仰˵Ȼû˵ȻǿԼ㴦áУξ˵ûɣ
ȻһЦתͷһߵУξꥵ
ǡû
ԥһ£ڵ˵ͷջʵǳԤϡǳ͢Ҳȷʵû˵սƷĴãһ˵ûġ
͢ûй涨ġȻǿԱˡͼ˼鷳㣬õ㵲סҵ·ˡ
岦˲֣Ц
쵰
ͼݺݵȭͷӶˡꥵԸҲδֱ̫ˡΪԼһϡ
û뵽Сʲôʲôˣ
ģȻСܴɽɽկƽҲһԡСӵҡִǻ벻ջ񡣡
ȵͼǬǳϵ侲һ㶼ûӡ
һ·ϣֻŶԸɽ£ѹû뵽ɽկսƷ⡣
ǰ漸жЩɽկѶûѲ
ǬŷԼһ⡣
ЩɽԴҽΪǳ̾ȻҲ˲ٲƸ
ҪһжܻʮƽһжǵǶ٣ʮϰ
¶ھ˵ⶼһʲС롣
ǬĶˡòϣѵӪСӵǸ
ͼսƷϽԺᶼҪᡣ¶С֪ͬˡ
Ǭ
⡭֪ˡ
ͼ¶˼ɫҲɵӣкôΪʲôɣ
˼⣬ô˵
ǬĿһתȴûзŹԶİ˼⡣Ҳɵӣ˼ʱ䲻֪ΪʲôкüζСߵر
ʼȫһ


334 ˼۹⣡

˼һ£û뵽ǬᵽԼܿЦŮЦȻһû
ģҲỵǵĺµģ
Ǿͺá
Ǭͷٶ˵

һ£ʵȴһ¡
Ѿ˲ִʱִй۲죬ǲǬǻͼȻϵС
ǿٴΣԶѧһ
ЩÿһЩ벻屬ȴԶһ
ָоץѡҴУѧǬͼΪӵܣ֮ǰǴûнӴֶ
ֻЩƽԻӵܲſܶЩô˽⣬ֳԽȷƽҲԽĲϲˡ
ⲻؼĶؼǣ˽ɽӪկʲôҲûз֡
ջǰʮ
һлץ񡣶⻹ѿǣڴڼ䣬ֹɽկܼƳʮĻƽ
ιȥ
ʼ侲Ǭʱ򶼳ĬˡÿжһȺ˼ϵʱ˶о䡢ݵĿڶǡ
Ȼѹûǡ
˵ǣǵڶΪĳѵӪƽѧԺѿܵĳ滹кܶ࣡
һ䡢߰ŮͻȻӶߴ˲ûͷҲ֪һǰ׼ҵŮ˰˼⡣
ڣҲָֻ߰˵ˡ
˼⣬ôϲСӣôȥ죿Ǹʲô
ͼݵ
Ů˵̫ݶϲǰ׼ھƴŮҲʲôƲ磬Ͷˡ
ߣͼ㻹ǲϵҺ㣬ȴ¿ηΣֲöܣڼѹġ
˼ḧ˸˿
㣡
ͼͫһȻŭŮ̫ʶȤˣվǳңǼһֱļɻ䣬Ȼڽô
ˣ
ڻͼҪʱڵϵǬͻȻס
ͼòҪһŮһʶɣ
ͼɫһͣԲں˼⣬ȴǬĻ
˼⣬ΪҪǵİɣ˵ɣոյ˵ʲô
Ǭڵϣɫ
ߣǬ㻹мִұ˵ˣ仰ķϣһһ䣬ôǾû֣µʲô𣿡
˼ϣԶԶһķ

Ǭͻͼɫһķ¹£һïʢĻŷʲݡ
׹ҫ£ƥСëɫر͹⻬ַǳ񿥵ζ

ôǬҲǵһ۴Ҳǵһη֣￴رÿ
˶ѣǬʵû˼⵽Լʲô
˼⣬ʲô˼ʲôһ˵ڵʲô˼
Ǭֻ룬ͼ˵ûôˡ
ߣ顣Ѿ˵ôˣǻǲ֪ô¡ҲñϷˣϸƥֻΧʲôһ
˼
˼ѣ˵Ŀʱȥһ֪˼Լעʲô
¹£ƥСԵֻȻ˳ȾѩէһȻͺƮڰһħá
ǡ
ǬԺ뵽ʲôȻһеһ¶𶯵ɫ
һ࣬ͼɫҲˣȻҲ뵽ʲô
һ㻹̫
˼˵ı۵ף˿ӵܣۼҼʶ̫
ڣǹе񿥣ҵƷǴ󳼶ѱʹ͡˼ҾŰھǰε˺ü죬ЦȻΪΪ˼ͨƽӵܣҲ´ȥЦ
˼Ź˵Ļᡣ
뵽˼֮Ի࿴ƾνֱ
Ϊڵһϳµİڡ
ŮԶҪĶ࣬˼ҲҪϸĶࡣ
ʵϣ˼Ϳǣһ˼Ǿϵġ
ôܣڿǹеƷеسһôܻʹ͸һ·Сӣ
ߣ˼㲻Ҫ˵˵ֻһƥɫѡں˵˵ʲô˰ɣ
һȴǻͼ˵ġ

ͼһ仰˵ð˼üšҲŭڡԼһƬĲǣȫǵ¿ηˡ
˼ⱾҪģͷһת侲
ߣͼ㲻ҪҧʶģܰҲǵ㰮ŲţҲң
˵仰˼һһ˸޵ıӰˣֱˡ
Ůˣ
ͼҲһջ𡣰˼ԸǲϲͼҲ˿κá
׼ҵŮ˲ôöԸġ
˼ܿ뿪ˡ
ǰ˼һߣ˷Ѱ侲֮ǰĻͼĬ
˲Ǳһγɹ˵żȻΣĴΣΡǾͲżȻô򵥡
һ·Уûʧܹˣûһγɹ˵ĳȫġ
ֹˣϸ죬ƥҲܲûг꣬ĽٶȣԼֳԣѷɫκ񿥣й֮
ͨսǾԲֱֵġ
֡˵˼Ѿͷ˵ģòİɣ
ͼ˺ܾãŴƳĬ
Ǭڵϣû˵ǳĬܶʱ򣬾Ѿ˻ش

Ǭͼ֮Ĺϵûиơǰ˼ǷҲûзЧ
٣ǬͻͼڿʱѾǰֺһȣʱڱܻ壬һ־ɲĸо
⣬ǬͻͼҲڷеļӡ
ʧ˼֮ѧһ֣˫ıһɽΧɽ
ȻȻᾪɽϵɽǼ˵ıѾкܸߵĳɹˡ
٣Ѿʼʧˡ
ɵĲ
ĿԶµջأתͷЦİŮӡ
Ůʵˢµ֪
Ҳ֪˵ʲôǬͻͼȻ֪ˡ˴۾
ٲҲûɵĺá
˼⵭һƳ岿̧ŵļӣйһ£²ʮƽˡ
ⶼȾЩͨĴһ׬ǮҪˡȻҽҪǮÿ졣
Ҫǣг͢ṩĶʮ侳ְæ
͢һԼĸֹƵĺʮ侳ĸ֣ǶҴ˵ҲǸСĸ
Ƕ˵ھޱ


335 ɽеĴʳ
˵С㣬㵽׶ʩʲôħԸ𣿡
ͻȻЦ
ߵŮӱǣİ͹£òףޡʣҲòϣȷʵǺѩɽˡ
ħ
˼һ˿졢Իɫ漴ƺʲôЦ
˵ͻһϷЩƽ𣿡
˼һָָָһƽЦЦеʱ벻һﵽʲô
ʮƽɲһСĿչأʵȫ˵ġ
ȻԸµЩһ
Ǹɵӣ۽缫ߣԽǮ˼㡣һ֣ð˼ǰԼСŨȤ
Ǻǣð׼ҵСҲʮƽȤ𣿡
忴߰˼⣬ЦЦ
Ȼ֪ҵݡ
˼Цݽһ֪ɫ
Լˣ֪˿ºٰɡ
岻ÿɷ
հ׵ĿɲֹһҰɣ
ܹѵӪİ׼ңֻһҰɣ
ȻʼͰڵˣʲô㡣
һ仰ЦӯӯĽ̸Ȼֹ˼һԤϲķʽ׼ķʽ£һ
ڡѾ˵ܶˡȻûָԼܹһֱȥŮ˵ĴǱԼĻҪܶࡣ
ȻǾǰ׼ҵ˰һа
𾩳ǰ׼ипѡǸǾơ
ǰûʲôڣˡ
ô˵ˣ
˼ЦӯӯǰͻȻݽӲ꣬ͻȻһССĵ⡣
һһֱգصӣҪһѿɲס
ʱˣ㻹׼𣿡
˼Ц
Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ͻȻعһָֻԭӣһ˵һתһȥ
ι㲻
˼󼱣֪˵ʲô
Ҳ֪
屳Ű˼⣬¶һ˿ЦݡŮ̫Ů̫˿ɲá
ٴŮҲվǶ˵ġ

˼ҧгݣıӰÿҪץÿζһף׸װͿ
ƫƫһ취ûС
岻ϣ˵ʲôûá
˵ֽӵĻͬˡ
ڰ˼ÿץʱԶƮƮĴһ仰仰˼תΪϲ¶һ˿Цݡ
˵ףŮٴҲվŮˡ
Сӣʶ࣡
˼һܿȥ

Ǭͼǳ׵Ĺһˣ˽ɽ˵ʱ򣬶һжˣɹҲԽԽߣӦûʲô̫⡣
ߣҲͬ˸Сࡣ
ǰһ˵˼Լ߾ˮ쾭顣
û˰æ˼ҪһҲ̫סҲں
һ׶εˡһҲǽ˷ˣһҲǽ˷ˡ
Ҷ˰˼µĶʮս侳ϱԼҲа
⣬˼ŮһģŮ̫ˡɲİһǰ׼ҵŮ˷ŵǬͼߡ
ƯŮǷŵԼ߱Ƚ׵

ݣ
ʯ̺ľͬӹһ׷ֻӴܵɽֻɽӦᴩһ·£òŴ
ǬͼǻˡδʤǰܣսûпʼѾǻˡǬǾ棬پãҲֶΣصֶ̫ˡĲԩ
߸ߵɽϣ˼һ᾵ɽʯϣӸ£ŰɽϷһĻҡҡף¶һѩ׵Ĳ̾Ϣ
ܵʱ򣬰˼⻹װ׵ĵһʧˡ
û뵽ֱ֪վ˵˼⵽ڶûпȰŵǲ
Ǻǣ֪㡣
Ű˼⣬˫֣ȻһЦһȻϵ顣׼ҵŮһûЩصֶܹù
ߣɽֶΣڡ壬г˵ĺ֡нֶΡһɽկֻҪϸ۲ǵɽկǵĵΣƶϳ˵ֶΣֻҪż֣žͿԡ
Ǭͼ̫ˡ֪پᶨΧˣûмˢôȥ
嵭棬ţ˵ʱһǿȾ˲Ծŷ
ǰ˵Ͱ˼ִŮ˵Ǭͼǰֲһ
ȻѰ˼ɽûܹס
˵Ȥˢӣ
˼ͷ忡ʷĲһ˿ɫ˵ķʽôʣܶ඼ͨ˲̫һ
Ȼǰûôù˼⻹Ǵ˼
˵ѡ֪ɽĵΣҲþһһɴƶϳǳ˵·Ǭͼ棬ĿãҲǺѧġ˵ףʵ
˵ʵȻһֱĪ˵ԼݡѲӵݡʵ벻ףͬҴӵܣôܻ֪ôࡣɽ֮һӵܶİɣ
˼һһӴԽã˼оԽ档ܶ˵·׿ˮһĶʵס
˵ףǬͼ̫ʵǵıֺǵĳǰһ
ʮ꣬ȴôĶֵҲ൱ȣĲ
Ǻǣһ¡
һЦû˼ĺġת飬ζκ˵ġ
֣
һ֣󱸵ԽդҲȫͶս侳⻷𵴡ܿ쳹ɽɽկ
Ѱ˼ŮеߵĺսҲʹʲôսˣֱӾƽơ
ڰ˼ŮǰٻҪһ㣬һֶεġ
ң˼ܼʮ˵侳ӣԽ󲿷ֵĶˡ
ɽܹɽôҲܶԿЩϱġ
Сģ
˼ʱͻȻһĴȴͣһһĨҹȻ󻮳һ޴ߣͰ˼һնȥ
˶ںڰв֪Ǳ˶ãֱͰ˼Ⱥ죬ƹһ˻֡
һƶޱȡӹһΪֳ޴ĵۣ֮½ɵһնϣ˵Ѫ֮ˡ
Ͱ˼ôһ촦һϵ³


336 ˼ľʵ
ˣСģ
ˣСģ
ֹ

ȺһƬңͻȻֵĻֺ굶⣬֧ʮ˵ĶһƬҡ
Ͱ˼Ǵ˴ж䡣Ͱ˼˿¶ҪܵĳͷһԶ˾֮С

սУԷĽԪ˧ԶȹĿꡣҲΪԭеʿսԼһĽ졣
Ϊ¼Ľ챻ɱǾ޴ʧְʱ˶Խդ뵽ս֮ˡ
ΪңԶһʱ֮䣬ȻûܹԮͰ˼ѵӪˡ
Σ֡
ߣ
ЦһϷҫĵ⣬וּһγϵ彣Ҫʩչ˲ŭԵľѧɱ侳ɽʯ䣬ȴһԽĽ
δ䣬һѩ׵Ӱȴһ㣬ವİεضٶȱ廹죬ֱ廹Ҫ
¡
һμ˼֣Ϣ磬͸ղȣȻһˡ
ϢƺƵ⼱ת¹£һȻɢһľâ
նѵصĵ⣬˼ʲôʱûֻһ̴аָƽϸָۣʱȴɢ׵Ĺâ·𵶽һ㡣
¡
˵ʳָе⣬ֻһָ㶨˿еĵ⡣ͬʱ˼ڿУһţϸСǵǱ͵ϮӰ
ûгһˣ񣬰˼һϸŮֲ̺
ҹɫУ忴˼ҽеĵطϺȥˡ
˼һžȻ߽档
飡
˾ʮһ·ڵһ˳ȥ¡һײʮդײʮһ˺ϱĴֻú¡Уľм׷ɣ˼߽档
ž
ôһɲǣɽկһļžս΢ˡ˼ֲһŰ˶סˡ
嶼Ŀɿڴ
Ҳûϵ˼ʵȻôǿǾϸ̺ľǱһĿֲ
棡
Ȼûκα飬ԼͷͷķʵĶ
Ȼǰ׼ҵŮ˰ǿ󣡡
ԺΨһͷԼոջŷ˲ŭԣ˼һԳԼİ˲ŭԣﵽ˺ԼҶ㣬ͬεˮƽ
ô죬Լһ֪վô
һҪߵԼϣԼ³Ǹһ϶١
ôɣ
˼֣ɵڵϣתͷޡ׿壬ЦЦ
Ҫס壬ǲࡣοѵõĻᡣһ·ϱѹƣͱһˡ

üɫڨڨǲֱǺõĹݣԼҪŮˡ
ԺŮ˵Զ㡣
ˣһˣ
ڴʱһСعһԶȥ
£ѾΧ˺üһŻѣǻ⣬ҹɫ忴
˼ɵˣĸߴӣֳ־ͷϻһɫΧ
߲ԶǱѪ߰ߣֶĴʳ䵶ΪĿ
ʳˣ
Ժһͷ
ո˱ʱǵĵ⣬Ѿ֪ԭˡ
ԭǲʹ䵶ġ
һ·˷˹廹ǵһɽկмʳˡ
ӡʳ˴ٴʳˣ˵ȥ˭ţ
һϤӱ˼ҲŴӺ滺˹
·ϣɲֹǺˣʳˣкˡٴʳЩⲻȥٺӦûʲôɣ
屳Ű˼⣬΢΢Ц
˼һĲ˼飬ʳ˵ѣѾһϢˣ˶ˡ
㵽ʲôˣΪʲô
һԣŻѵȳ
ߣ
ʳȻѣȴǿĻֻǵ͵͵ĺһһţųȴһܴʳ˵հͷƲһߣȻԸϡ
˭ö
Χһ㵡һܺΧһһġ
˰һȻẺ˵ԡ
ǴʳǺ
˼ҲüͷԵѾ֮ˣʳҪƫԶڼ֮ء
ƺʹʳʳľ͸ˡ
ұһһڿǰ׷ˡʲôҲʲˡɱ
˼˸ֵĶΪʳ鱨ڿǰ׷Ѿˡ
һȣ
ͻȻһ𣬾׼ֵʱ˶ͻȻһʳ
ʳʼĽȻͬһӵ
ʳȻʳ
˼۾Ե壬һĲ˼飬ͺ´½һ
Ȼһֱ˵˼Կ϶ǾĳӡӾȻ˻ʳ˵ȥԲš
ֱ˼飡
˼֣ⷢԼҪ¿λһ
û˵ֻǻعͷһЦȻѶʳ֡һĴʳߴһͷˮ
ɵҲóʳֲԸϡĻӦ޷ҲǡҲ˵Ҿ˵İɡ֮ĻӦ
ڰ˼ⶼҪϣΪ岻ܳɹʱͻȻ֮䣬֪˵ʲôʳͻȻɫ䣬ϻһ˿µĿֻţĿһħһ
˼Ŀɿڴ鷢ˡһ˵ҩʳ󣬽֮ǰű־Ĵʳ֣ͻȻ֮䣬һһ֪޲ԣ޲
㵽׶˵ʲô
˼̲סʵȵ껰ʳֺܿȥҩҲֻʹ侳Ĵʳֶһʱѡǰ˼ʱķ
ҲûʲôֻǸܲܲϵĻҽһֺͽ񡣡
赭д

˼һ㵣漴ҡͷʧЦҲ֪ÿأǸȻԴʳ˽Ӵ࣬Ҳ֪ʳ˺ŷĳڽ̡
˵һֺͽʽǱҪԽܡԽֺֻ꣬Խ־塣
ȻǱҪԽܣֲĿ񿴶ħһ
˼ҡףʧЦ
лл佱
嵭ȻһЦΪ⡣ֻҪܹĿģ岢ⱻһʳ˿Ƕħ
ʳ˵棬ɲĿǷ롣
һǹ޳ܵġ
˼Ц
ٴζл佱
΢΢һ˸ڰ˼⿴ֵĶȻܿŤͷ


337 أ
ʮ侳İսϱϣЧͼӰġһȦȦ𵴵侳⻷֮һӪկ׷ױ
ΧѾӽܿͿԡʦˡԺȥȴʳ˵Ļ
ֻǳʱһͨû뵽ȻĴʳ˸ʳһõĶ
Ǹһ˵ʲô𣿡
һɵҶ˼鿴һʳ֣Ӻ˹
ɽսʳ֣˼ڶӵĸȤ
ȷʵ˹йء
عҲûͰɸԼģԼʳǰ˵Ļ˵˳
ʳ˱ĳִʳ̵ıڣϣϱʳֽһ
ڴƵľ̫ǿʢûʲôıֶΣΪܣɽ
ϣܹ˳ﵽ㹻ǮңԶĴʳ
ڶϼɻ䳯͢һֱûջֱǰһ˹ˡ
ԷӦֻҪָʾ԰æشʳһһȯ
ȯ
˼һ˿ɫ
ţ˵ǱڣʵūˣỤְūȴţڴʳҪġȥҲ·һ
忪ڵ
ʳ˵ĵȼϵȴƻҪɭϵĶ࣬ʢūóסⷽ棬˼ûнӴȻ
˼˼ȴҲû׷ʡ
˵Ǹ˹˳ʲô𣿡
ûСܱ˹ˣ˺ˡԷֻҲû޶жֻ˵ʱ価鷳ɽԲͨûн

Щ˹˵ʲôѵΪܸ鷳𣿡
˼һɻ˹˵ľٶǳĹŹ֡
ǺǣȻ֪ǵʵĿġǳ͢ʥһֱеĵ·ǳءеĵ·ϣɽ˷ģƵͻԴƵó׻ɺܴΣһֱȥЩ̺ʹʳ֧˻ͻᴦڰȫǣ٣ֱȡƵļƻ
˹һֱʹƵжԣƺ֮˶Ͼ˹ؿ϶ġΨһ벻ͨǣ˹Ӧûףºͳ͢ǲ֮·ġ˹ôҲֻܶһЩŶѡó͢Ͼǻһ
Ҳɻѡ
˿֮·ֹһóľߣͬǰߣľȫǿ·Ͳ
һ㣬ƾ˹˷̶ֳȵɧţɺܴв
Ҳ˵͢ᡣ˵˹ڱһпܳɹʲôһҵĿǺһ˹˻ôľĶЩɽ˻ֻǽô򵥡
˼һ˼ɫ֪Ҳ˼·
ˣ˼⣬֪ʦʲô˹صʹ𣿡
ͻȻ
һڸҿЦҲһֱѵӪ㶼֪飬ֶô֪ʲôʱ򿴵Ůӹˣ
˼ⷭ˸ۣһɵӵģ
ʧˡҵ㣬Ů˶Ȥġ
ҲӦͷЦ
ԼΧŮˣýգĸ׺СãͳͳǺܸȤ
Ů˵ġͨˡ
˼ȻҲˡ
սβܿʮϱһɽկȻϯ˶ȥ
ɽկûһ˴
ɽկ棬ֶջ˶ʮĻƽ൱һȸˡ
֮ǰջѾʮĻƽˡҾ޸ҲòϣЩɽʵһջ񼫷Ļر
̣óֻ֣Ҫıߣָһ¾ͿԡЩƽȴԴԴϵĳԼӿ
˿֮·ȻǾ޸Щ;ɽôЩ˻֪Ҫʲôӣ
ипѡ
һʱգ˿֮·ǴǲƸ֯ɵĵ·廹ֻǽһЩɽѾǼʮˣЩֻ˿֮·ıˮнѡ
е˿֮·жôĸɴ˹֮Ϳ֪
еĵ·ϣɽʵвЩˣﵽ侳ĶҪ
ǿģʵǿЩ٣ȥӰߵˡ
·ϵв
Ҳǳ͢ǲҪԭ֮һ˽ӱɽҪĶ࣬ҲҪĶࡣ
Ѿʼ֪ЩܵõˡȥֻگǳӴһûʲôˡ
һ·У˵ջԽԽࡣ˵ð˼ɣ˼ⱾǵЦ
ǰ׼ȱǮ
㾩Щ壬ҲȲ׼ҡֻ׼͵躹޵Ĳ԰ˡ
һ·壬˼ͷԼ̫͹Ǿ仰ķˡڶ̶ʱڣʹֵʮĻƽȻʮʮ
Ͱ׼ǮҲܰʮƽ𶼲¡ЩǮڳ֮С
˼Ȼǰ׼ҵŮϵһҲûԹڶ̶̼ڵõôĲƸ
ⶼüĻҪĶˡ
Ըֵܷô࣬õ֪Ǿ͸ˡ԰˼ѹû
һߣǬͻͼҲǱԴӳͷ֮Ҳî˾ȥɡ
ȻջԶԶȲǣǶ˵Ҳ൱ˡ٣˾ܴӼõôķḻ
î˾徺
УξǱߣΪжĶ죬Ҳּɡ·ϣɽ
һֱôȥǵջ񽫻ﵽһ˵֡·ϣκ鶼ǿô򵥼ġ
塢Ǭǵжϵɽ·Ҳ벻Ч

ɣ
ԶԶģһɽϣһ˳߶࣬׳ͬһĿӰȻ׳纣ĸ첲ɫӵȺ֡
¡
⻷𶯣ٰ侳ĸֽ̤Ĺ⻷ȫ֮٣ӸӰϡ

Ű˵ϣȴǽһľ죬·еĲʲôѪ֮һ޴ĸһ㡣
Ӵķ˰侳ֵĹһٽ˵һɢ
ڤڤУ𵴵ɲǣϸȥͻ֣ᷢ˵Ȼֳһ޴ɵĺɫ¡
˵֮У˵ȫ£ȫ棬һٵ˰侳ֵĹ

ǿӰͷɢЦһɾĺ


338 ¹
գ
Ų𶯣ΧȺУĵưӰУһȦȦ𵴵ľ⻷ı侳ֵݡ
ʱ򣬹˵侳Ѿﵽʮ֮ࡣ

֪˭һһ̣ʮ侳본λεĳΪˣֿȭǵķֻеҵɱһá
ʮλεıһк磬һɱΣյζ
ﬣ
һʮâҫͬӹ㣬뿳ɽǵӰ
飡
ʯ䣬ֻɫ£ͻȻͬȸһֳʮ꣬Ȼſ
ﬣʮûп˵壬㱻ſµסıǼϣһҫ۵Ļ𻨡

ʮ侳ĸҪһĽʱ򣬶ֻһĹЦ˵ĿУǼ޴ĺɫͻȻתʮ¾ʮƥĵһϵնգһҵķ籩
ﬣʮ±ԵһɨȻ﬷׷۶ˡ󺧣׷ȥ
飡
˵ķӦٶȺ֮죬˳һ˿ҵʱֱһȭ¡һ侳˿ѪһԶԶ˳ȥ
ǵڶ
侳Ҫȳ֣ǻûüȭֻͼɨѪ׷ɣס
󺧣ĺˡ
飡
˽ŲȭƷɣ飬绢Ⱥһ㣬һһӰȫɡ
ʮ侳˸ǰȻȫûϵĻᣬȺһ˾ǰǵȫɢ
飬ӶӰϱɣ˵ʶ۽硢Ӧֱ쵽˼㡣Ȼʮ˵ΧȴӲһһսȫûзӳơ
ݾ˵սֱܼľ
ۿֻʣĸˣԽǶ֣鼱֮£֪˭

һ仰Χ˵עȫеʮ⣬һƥƤë͹⻬棬쳣ߴ񿡵ϡ
һ˲ն䣬֮ǰޱȣɱ񣬷ɱĿӰɫһͣȫǲʶĻͷһۡ
ʣƥսΪҪİ֮
ಣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬Ҳ֪˭ġâһһȺֱʮȥ

Χ󾪺Ȼû뵽Ȼ˵죬ĸôݶХʱľǡ
ۿƥս֮£ʮɵľҲȫԮڴʱ䶸Ȼ
ˣ
ղһӰͬ׳һ㣬Զսɳ
ٶȾȻ죡

£ӳסƥս飡ϣһĽ죬ȫ£ϡ
ˣ
µͬʱһĨɭɱವһ˲һ侳ǰָſͬһεĿס˵Դ˵ϡ
죬Ǽҵģ
˸߾˫֣ɸһиֳ޴ĿֲֻܣŻָ֪̺˶ôֲһͬɽһ㣬Կ⡣
ոһɲӦͱסͷ̫Ѩ
֪ģ֪Ҳ㺰ġ
ȻһЦ¶Űɭɭݣ˵ɭֲָһεƿ
ΪΪƥսҪɱ𣿺ߣ˽֣Ҫһֵ˽ܣΪҲ֪ЩͶӣȴְӵɵӣȫҶԸپ֮˽·ˡ
ߣ˵ò
ɽͻȻð˿⸱棬һо壬ȴѻȸֱʱ˲֪Ϊʲô´󷢣Ҫټˣһ֣¹
ԭһҪԸǸͽġ
ʱ־Ī侳ˡһ·˽ɽͷҹʱ˶˯ˡ
СĽһȷϹΧûˣԲ֪
ôҲ벻ףôصô֪ģ
죬ҡ
Ҳͣ
һǵ꣬ǯһָһգǿ˶ͷ­ϱѣİ׵ıĸͿء
ͷʬ壬һľһ¡¡ڵϡ
һɲǼ䣬˷һƬš

˱ң˭ҪǱ˽¸ʲôС֪ʲô
˱֣ĿϵˣһƬɱ
죡
һɲǼ䣬ɫ壬ѹѹһƬ׷׹ȥرЩйˣľսսѡ
ˣɢ˰ɡ
˴ֻ˻ӣ˻⣬޶ɢ
ʱϸȥͻᷢЩʽӣкˡ˹ˡʳˡ֧ˡ߾ˡˡʲô˶С
Ҳȫˣ൱ɽ
˸ӵĹɣ·϶ǼΪټġ
ಣ
ɱӺסˣһУӰٻ£Ǽ·䵽ϣ˲ϢֻΪûڣʧ١
ϲ죬¹һ㣬еĵزʱգȻһ㣬»Ϊͭ£ʱ㾩ʦЩıҲֺˡǾͿԸһշΧΪ·ǿ
ջµʱһʦģʿ룬ŰֲһᣬһյӣȺ˹
ܰĸˡסʦЩı㲻ʲô˵ʦ³һȸֽëϷ򣬾ʳˡ֧˶һá
ֽųµһʦҶϣֵıҪĶࡣʲôʱܹһߵסֵҵ¹Բȱˡ
˵Ŀ⿴գ¶޵
ǺǣֺαԷƱûȸֽҲһֵеһ֣
ʿź
ܰ컹ܰ˵ɻģ˵ġ֪ƨҲһĹû
ǺǣΪ˶Ρ
ˣǰʲôϢ𣿡
˿ʵ
죬ǻپǰĵǲ̫һ
˵£ܰɫҲ
ǰĹپȻҲΧǣ󶼴ݻһͨˡεĹپһΧγüɽȫһĶûСΪ̫ɾԺֵһϢû


339 Σ
ңپѡʱҹʱ˶˯죬ûоʱ򡣶˶صϳӱڽ⣬پɽֶηǳ˽⣬еڡڣγ嶼ûá
кܶʵϡͿɵġߵٵģȻɽֶô˽⡣ǰûгֹ
ټǳֺأ£ȫһѵĶûСɽ˺ܴĿֻšѾʮɽկȫͶˡԤƽиࡣһ˵Ҳûкô
ʿ΢Цк洦ɽܵвԵĺôǣ׳ѾΪ·ǿ֮һ
ҺݲɽֻҪͶͳͳա
조¡ͨ죬ʩһȺɽжġ
ʹɽšһɣչֳǿս
ʱգľʦܰ˵ģΪ·ǿҲǲܵġ
죬ǻپȻǲæҲܲǵ·̣мգ͸õǵĵؽˣ
Ǻǣץ쾭塣ҲþͻԴС㣬ǵжˣʲôʵЩֵ֣Щ㶼𣿡
¿ڵָֻģһ˫΢еУĹâľѡ
Ȼµо̺ĳִͼıж
ֻҪϤ磬֪ȡʲôж
ѾϸʹЩɽҲ˲̽ٵԷĵطҵĹƣӦаʮҡҶ侳ĸ֡Ϊ׵ģӦĸʦʥյѵӪѧ
жʮа˾žǳ͢ϼѵӪѧɽ˸֡
ʿź룬Ŀйâʵƶϵİ˾Ųʮ
ѵӪѧ
üͷ΢΢һ¡ˣҲ֪ʦ°ѵӪ顣
һʥյģȻ͢Ƿǳصġ
е鷳ŪãɱЩѧھʦܴ͢鷳
³
ѧɱ˾ɱˣҪ͢ӣǿɾͲǸСˡʲôˡɽܺͳ͢࿹⡣
Ǻǣ鷳û֪ǲˣңһ֪ѵӪѧ˾ͻ𣿡
ʿĵ
ɽ˸ɵľǴҽĹմƵʮضֹˡԼλ˿پɱüˡ
ھȻ˵ԲԵĻ
ܰܰȻ˽ҡȻѵӪѧ鷳Ǿһܵȥεж˭ҪǸҰϢй¶ȥҾͰǵ˭Ƥ
¹Ц¶̵Ĺâ
СǾӣ޶ɷ磬ûм׺ݺʹǳɲġ
ǣ죡
ܰͷ
ٺ٣ٿԽ˷ˣ˭˵˾ͲԽ˹٣һξͲԹܰһ£ȫһҪɱǸƬײ
ǣ

¡
һ䣬ɽ𶯣Ƭ֮һХУ飬ˮһɽ˷ܵĹХţɽзӿ
էһȥʳˡͻˡ˹ˡ߾ˡˡ֧ӵɽգȻﵽ֮߰ࡣ
ѾԶԶκһɽˡɼʮ֧ɽ϶ɵĻ

ɱٵ˹̳һס塢Ǭˡ
Ȼʱ˻֪

ž
֮ĵطȴһƬžûǱڵΣ
Сۺ죡
һú͸Ĵ£ͼ޺޵Ŀһ̳ɽȥͰ˼⣬۾ͨ
ô²жٶƽ˰ɣ
ˡǱȲģ
Ǭ
ô죬һవϾûпʼǹɾͷȲҲûñȡ
ǬȻû˵ʵͷˡ
Ȼ书粻ͽɽϣȷʵǿöࡣ
Ѱһƽ嶼ֵıǿ
ߣҿɲа˼ǸˣȻͶǸδɣС˺üСӡﲻˬ
ͼ޺޵
ĶҲͰˣǬһжѰһƽջȻȲǼˡ
˼Сӵƨɺ棬ɾͻԶջ񡣻ͼ̹
ǬεǺѡ˳Ĭڰ˼ʵҲЩֻͼôˡ
ǬҶѾͷҲͼϣǰʮһɽѼƽȥȥ
ͼŵϵŵǬ
߰ɣ
ǬƬ̣һͼЩĵıԹ޻ƽǸʵڵġ
Ǭ֪λᣬԺ׬ȡƽûôˡ
жСĵ㡣һ·ѾкüɽɽկǿյˡһָоϽ˷ˣѾɽǱһЩӦ
Ǭŵ
ܶӱܵӡûԭǬΣֱֺ
ʱ䣬ѾĸоɽկǱѾʲô仯ˡ
ǬҪС֡ǽôɽҪûһ㷴ӦҲžˡôҲܺ͹پԿʮ侳ѵƾʮʮɽܹô˶Կ𣿡
ͼЦǬֱ֮Աǡ
Ǭ룬ҲҡͷʧЦͼ˵ĶԣɽҲʮˣʵǺǿ
Щɽôʣô仯ҲǵĶ֡
ǺǣҶˡ߰ɣ
һʮˣƺƵֱʮһɽӪկȥ
ʱʣո
ʱ䣬Ǭͻͼ˸Եһ׶εѾûбҪʱ䣬һҪȥж
˵ĿںȷɽӪկеĻƽûбɽǰ֣˶ɽĶˡ
գ
һ·̳ʱ֮ǬͻͼŹٵϵǴɽӪկڵĵط
ʮ˵֣һ·ɽӪկķȥϣһ·ȻԤϵ˳㡣
·ϣɽĳûɽϾĵģһɽû
һաߵɽ
ɽϣͼһһ߿ӪկĴţյɽկȭͷ̲סݺݵŭ
ã
ڻͷϵʱ򣬶ͻȻǬʧɫ
쿴
ͼԺһԺʶĻعͷ˳Ǭָָķȥֻɽ£ѵĹٵϣ̳һ飬֪˵ɽХţλεĵɱڵХ
һĻֹͼɫˡ

ͬʱ˭Ҳûע⵽յɽկһɽ֪ʲôʱӪկߴײɽկߴһڴӡ
Ǻ쳹ȺɽͬʱҲΪԶɽָ˷
ã쳷
ɽϣһƬҡǬˣɽȥͼҲں෴
˷ӦҲףһ塣һϹ塣



340 Σգһ
죬ҶӦ
վɽһźɫķҶ󣬻˹ϢڣһѪɫԪһ㣬ڷڡӯֱ˿㣬һƵ˳Ȼĳѭڵ
ЩѪɫԪ屾ģСԴԴϴЩɽЩȡġ
ڽɽЩӣ弸ÿ춼춼ȡɽԪЩԪĳӯ£ϵϢԽԽߣԽԽǿСͻ˳ƿﵽһС۷塣
ڣڸԪ£ԸоСڳȡҪǰ˺ܶࡣ
Ψһϧǣ廹ûͻƵ侳Щûа취á
мȡȫһַ浽˵ĳⲿλ
ǰһطš
ŵĺôǿԪﵽ۷壬޷£ڣԱʱ֮衣
Ȼڵʵ޷ǰȣȻڷӳҪá
ˣ
£ĿϢʱһֻۣɽկľһưĴ泤˳
ˣսѾС㣬Գ֣ץһ˵СԹȥ˵º̡
ߵǰ
Ŷ
üͷ΢΢Щ⡣СȻǰ˼ˣڰ˼Ůӣ˽£ߵױƺΪС㡣
˼һǲģȻȥ϶ǳʲô飬岻ɰ档
֪ˣھ͹ȥ
˵ߣȡͣ򿪿ӣ¶ĻƶŵСڵǰĲСڻİתȥ
һصկţɽկ˰˼⡣λǰ׼ҵСһŻƤϣΧ߰˸˭Ҳû˵һƬء
ôˣ
Цһߴ˽İ˼ǲ
˵⣬һɽ죬Լʰɡ
˼ѩ׵̧һָָ֬ŵϱ廨һӡ
Ŷ
עӰ˼ƿתƵӵϡ⺺Ӵʮ꣬߳ңǳ壬һɺš
ѵãɽ棬Ȼ
üĿһһ˿ȵɫ
ɽɵľǴҽᣬɱ˷ŻĹòȥһߵĶǺüŭĿζࡣ
⺺ģģټ
жʱһ˿øС
ɽկկ
˹ȥ
ǣ
Ǻֱͦӣشĸɾ䣺
ȻɽǴӺˣŹپǲץңɱҵˡ
ɽôֱ׳ĵҲټɽҽᣬɵľӪѵܱʲôң͢һеĵ·ȫǳӣҽᳯ͢ôõģӦ֪ɣĪǣΪûдٺˣͿ𣿡
˵Ҳ
ǺӳĬ
ҿԸһϢҺͼֵܵ
ǺӳĬƬ̺
˵˵ʲôϢԱһ
岻ÿɷ
һԾϢ
Ǻӵ
û˵ƳһԱߵİ˼⣬ֻ˼ɫ糣ȻѾˡ
˵
ջĿ⣬ɽկ
֮ǰǲǽ˴ɽѵǾûз֣кܶɽկǿյġǾͲ𣿡
˵ʲôЩɽˣǾͱΣ𣿡
ǺǣҸ㣬ЩߵɽȫȥͶһˣô룿

ΧͻȻһƬž촽ţһֶ˵Ťͷһߵİ˼⣬ȴ˼ĵ˵ͷ
û˵ǺӶ壬һƬء
ܵɽȥͶһˣ
ֻеˣ֪仰ӵжķ
һ·رʱ䣬ͷкܶɽկǿ
ȥ¥գһɽûС
ʵͷˡһֱûȥ
ɽ֪پӣˡ
ڣ⺺ӾȻ˵ܵɽȥͶһˣʾȫͬˡ
ʮɽկɽٶˣǲ١
˵
Ϊ˼仰ðȻţͬģҲΪԼԴ󣬾һЩǳҪϢ
Ҳ֪֪֪ǵĺ书ǿҪǣһ¹ǹ룬ɹɷ¤ʦεؽ磬ĵһ֡
ң޷죬޽ɣΣաɽҽǼҳ㷹ɽҲ֪ܺ͹پ࿹⡣ͬپҽɱڴ֮ǰ߲ĹپµҲ꣬ɽм
⣬Ӱȥ١͢ҲùֻҪ͢ƴ΢һ࣬¾ͻԶɽȵͷһֻ³ֵ֡ĹپֻһСɣ¾ͻ˳Ƽ׳Լ
¤֮ĵؽ磬еˣɽΪͷ졣ڣ˵Ѿۼٵˡɽڶࡣ
ν˷ˣ̫ˡܶɽ£һûߡܶ˶ˣȥͶ¡ҪԸǡ֮ǰɽһȥֻǲµΪˣνٶɽģҽֻΪƶѣ¾ǴΪɱɱˣپŹ̫ˡԲûһ𡣡
֮ǰյĽӣҪΧɽһԸپΧˣжڽա·ϣֻһˡû⣬µĿӦþˡ
Ǻӿڵ˵һĿӹرͰ˼⣬ͣʱ
ȻǺҲ֪˲Ǵеǡ
أ

˵仰ĲӣһڻƤϵİ˼⣬ָһӿİɫȡһɫӣָţ˹ȥ
ӱ棬һɫ͹Ķɷζ࣬ɲ

ڶ·忴Ծۻ룬·һĴ֡
Ǭϣ£Уʮپ˾ѹ֣ұú㡣ֳӢۣһ𸰻ᣬ򣬷پϣնɱʮҹپ䷨
ǣ£
忴ϵ֣üͷǺ˵ĺ޽ɣдģȫһۡǵͷǡ
ľʦܰдġµЩڣһֱдͬͬˡ
Ǻƺ֪ʲôڵϽ͵
ʮپǾȻǶ˶֪һɲʲôͷ
˼ҲһԵһ˫ÿüͷš˴Ρ


341 Σգ
ΪǰϵŮ˼СʹϻۣΪŮҲʲôֵǵ顣
һ·ϣʵҲǬͼ֮ìܣڰ˼ⷴһֱܹϹۣ⡣
һΣ˼һθеǡ
εѵӪͳ͢ģ֪ǰΣգҲͣǸǲ򵥣˼⵽ڶûзǵӰЩȴѾж˶ˡ
ð˼ǲҲйԭ
˼⣬֪ж˵ʲô˵ġͷһаʮȫĴϱҲǾеһףԷֻҪƹǣһж֪ˣʲô˵ı¡
嵭֪ܿԷôġ
ʲô֣
תͷǺӡ

ǺͦӱԼ֡оǰüĿ񣬿ʮƺǴе졣
ԼѾһҲţһڵͨ˵ķ̽ǵһֵֺĸо
ƺһ˲̫һ

˵ͷƳһۣ
·ϵЩɽ˵Ǻ˽⣬㣬ǻ˽⣬ǻʲôʱж
ڣ
ɫ
Ͱ˼Կһۣ˶ɫ
Ǿĵ̫ˣֻһٶķǾȵܵǵĵͷŶ֣Ǹϰ߳;ϮԴپһֲҵ˽⣬Ȱǳǵ˻ûкӴһлüϽˡƾʮˣǾԲĶֵģ
֣صı˸ϽⷭȴǶıɫ
ãøϽ֪ͨǬͼǣ
嶸Ȼת˵ȥ
Ϊе˶֪ӡپһɽ˷ˣһɽŵȴپȴһ
Ǭͻͼ˽⣬һǸͲɽšֻ˸ոճ˾ͼĴȥʮһɽկˡ
ĵֻʮѣ
ϲǾ˵ǬͼǾкܴΣǡ
ȫ峷ˣϽ죡
˼Ҳ뵽ʲôɫһͬһӻƤϵ˵ȥ
ϣ
ս˻ɽկһƬңٵΣգʮＸǴɽŭ˳ȥսƷɨ
ٵ̳ʮɵĶͬһʮĵطȥ
ȻǬͼܶìܣҲ˾ϣǾͱɽɱ
ҪǣǬͻͼʮĹĴ
ΪƷһȴɽɱһֳ裬һֲĽ֡
ϱһᵽָ飬ҲԽĲ鷢
ݣ
˫һµİҲо˵⣬ʹȫǰۡ
Ǭͻͼʱǳ磬ɽϵʱ䣬ҪϵʮǴɽկʱ顣
һΣоʮ·˵
ϣһлü
尵ȭͷֻϣûôжһֻԼһˡǬͼǻûϡ
¡¡
ʱ֮󣬾ĿĵػʮԶԶģͿһĻɳ𣬻ɳ֮˻źһʱҲ֪£˶ˣϢɱޱȡ
ã
ĻɳͰ˼һϵѪɫһʵøɸɾ
ˣ
˼촽£ϲ԰ޱȡ㷴ӦҲ֪˻ˡǹĻɳͳƣ£ֹϰ٣ܾ£ôķڣʮа˾ž˵ǻˡ
ʱɫҲòȥԶɱ󣬾ƾǳƣһ㶼ûд
¤;ʦһε·Ǹǵ֮ĵһ
ô죿
˼ס˽ŤͷʶһԵ壬˿
Ȼ书߳Ůʶ㣬Ů֮еĸˡ
˵ףҲվǸŮңݣǰûо
ҶԷڶ࣬ԶԶģӣʮľ룬˵塣
ƾʮºѺѶԸ԰ټƵɽˡ
˾ԲǶ֣
ˣǬͼǾ·һ
ѵľ񣬰˼һʱѵľأʶ壬ϣϵõ
һ·ϣĹ;ϣ˼̵ӡʱ򣬰˼⼸ܵѡжϡ
Զɱ󣬰˼⣬ʮ˵ĿȫԼϡ
˶ڵԼľ
һɲǣϳġһϤĸоӿһɲǼ䣬ƺֻصǰ縺ʱ
ʱҲԼ
ʱ·ֻͣ޹İ·ͣƺֻеָһӵɲǣܿ侲
𼱣
ͻȻڵһְ򶨡ƽ
Զкɱ˵սûнҲ˵Ǭͼǻϣ黹пΪĻǵκεĺɱ
һ仰˵ñ岻˾
ûսǬͼҸʲôɱкɱ˵Ǭǻû
Ǻܼ򵥵ĵ
˭Ҳ뵽һ㡣һɲǣ˿ǰ壬жѡ
Сӣ䣡
˼ǰ壬ɫһ仰ȶ˾ģֱ֮š
ð˼ⲻɰңԼһ·ϵľȫȷġ
֪֪֮ˡܴǳǶҪ֪ԷʵΣսôȻܾôΪǾȥȳǬͼǣΪǾҪʱ룬һʧΪ֮Ҫ¡һϣס
⣬һʲôϣ˶нֹȫҵ£Υ𣿡
һ仰˵رء˾ֻʮˣԶԶȲԷнֹͳһʱȥֻѰ·
ǣˣ
һΣûа˼еĴ£ǰ˼£ȫȻӦ
ʱദѾԼľٶǵأҲǾԵΡ
ĴȻ٣ָ߱ӲܵҲֻһ˶ѡ


342 ţ
һӱһεɱЩϱɢ֮䣬ͺн̤ϼҵսһ
˼ĸܵΧı仯һ˿㱵ɫӰҲͻȻЩ롣
ʮ꣬Ӱһбضߴ
˿ȴûע⵽˼ı仯ΧʮϱɢİɱͶ־е˵ͷ
ȻѾֳ˥ļ󣬵ǵ۹ȻҫЩƵ۹ʿ䣬ȻԼӡеӡ
ƾĶ飬˵ʮԼɽˣʮĿҲһҴȥսһ
˼⣬һսʱ鷳һж
ͻȻתͷһԵİ˼

˼һƬææƺûϵеԼܿͱ
ãģʱȫ㣡
˼ĵ˵ͷײǾǰ׼ҵŮ˼ܿͻָ
ã
һʮƺƵһԶɱĵطХȥ

ˣһֻѾˡ
˻ٸʱһֻӴٵԵбϣïܣһ᾵ľʯ·ߡʯϣľʦܰһ죬סŸ룬𿪸ϵϢ͵ݸһǿ׳һ조¡
ȻѾˡǾʹȥŻơòװˣҿɲϣˡ
ǣ죡
ܰȥܿ죬ʹǬͼҲѵôϢ֮
գ
󣬴Լʱ󣬶ߵĹٵ̳һﵱȣڿսֳ
ھǬͼԭҪɽĹٵϣ飬Ÿɽǵأͬˮһ㸲˹ٵɽ֣б£ҡ
Щɽ˰Χ֮УǬͼͬеĽʯһ㣬ھٵʮɵбϡ
гŨҵѪζɽˡپսһ߾ߵʬڹٵб֮ĵϡ
һĻ塢˼⣬ʮ۾˲䶼ˡ
ʮӳڣһγ˾޴ɽϣǬͼľΧĵǿ赲ĹߵĴѾԭʮˣ˶ʮĸˡ
ʮ߸սĴƬɽ֮СÿЩÿһ侳ĸ֣ս
ʧνء
Ȼ޷ܵǣЩӦܵصĵ۹ϱЩɽ˵
ˣҪɱǣ
ߣɵȭͷ۾һӱѪѪ졣ҲȺ鼤
սʿսɳԩ޻ڣӦĬĬţһɽ
Ҹ˵Ļ侲Щ϶ҪɱģȴַʽһԵĳȥǿ棬жˣ
һֹˡҲһܵŭȼգϱһ˭Ὣʿ顣
ңȻЩʿǹᵽףҲΪ˱ǬͼǶġһ˵ǵǹٵģ
һ仰ãɵжʱ˲١ΪսʿۺʱһҪ񣬶ǱԼ˧
ǬͼȻǾеˣǽܾһǾͳʵ˧
һ˵ǵġ
ĻǵкܴĿġ
ˣ˵ģ
ɵ˻ָһ˫˫εĿ⣬׷䵽ϣޱȡ
Ƭ֮ͻȻһǰӾһԾ
ţûҵϽǽӴ
˶ѾԾսǰ˵˲ʮɡ
󣬰˼ĬƬ̣һҧҲ׷
˿ܲ򵥡
˼ҧ
ǵ侳ֿ٣
ֺֹ侳ĸֱǶడ
̾һֻа˼ſ˵ʵһɽǿ֮ǰ˼ûʲô侳֡
ǰȴóȥȣȻռ˴ģȻ԰ټƣ侳µɽ
ǽЩ侳ˣ²߰ʮˡʵֱˡ
еѵأսϼѣԶˣڿ˵ʱʹͷͷȥˡ
˼⣬㻹ûзЩ˿һȺں֮ڣȴܹǺܺõĵǬͼΧڵθӣľܼ桢۳ңɽϡ
ǬͼȻҲõͼ赲סǡͬģҲȺи˰
̾
һȺʵǿ˲£ΪǲûϣսϣһȺѵصĹپ׵ĻһȺͬʵˡ
ϵʶһоȫͬˡ
˵Ǹʦ𣿡
˼Ȼ
ҵĵĲֹûз𣿵ǵ󣬺ɱͻȻСࡣ

˼ǣ
˼漴֪뵽ʲôͻȻ˲١
š
˵ͷ϶Ĳ²⣺
ûв´ҰĲС

Ͱ˼ĳֹ֣ע⡣ɽϣǬͼͬע⵽һĻ
˼⣬˼ˣ
£ͼŹٵϵĹپĻ
̶̵ļʱڻͼȴǴδйôһ̣Ҫˡ
ʮ˵Ĵζֵܵס߰ٵɽˡ
ͼֻǿ֧š
ͼû뵽ʱ򣬾ȻͰ˼
촽ţҪֱ֣ʱ򣬻ͼεķ֣ȻһͬôãȻ֪
ûõģǸ岻
ڻͼ˷ܲѵʱһˮԱ߽˹Уξɫ԰ףΪĹޣ˶Եú
ϣΪھҵս˺ۣѪȾ塣
Ⱥ棬ȻǬͼ䣬ʵꥡ
ƾһ֮ε˶ԷˮĹǬͻͼǡ
ͬģҲʹ˵ñ˭ء
ڣԼֶ֪ܼá
ԷΪְΨһʹꥼȥģζҪǬͻͼȫͳȥ
⣬Σһĵ¡
ꥵ
Уξ˵û̫ˡǸǶ֡˼ҲһңǸ˵컹ûг֣ҲʶĿֲǾԲӳȥġ˼ֻѡ
ǬһôؿڣѪ


343 ɱ
ǬǴе죬¶ʮƴҲȻˡ
ڵǬû֮ǰǿʤ֮ġ
ֻϣǲҪһΧźá
ƨ˼Ψһϣѵҿɲ˼⣬˼⣡
ͼ͵𣬴ĳԶ塢˼󺰣֡ڵ˲֮ǰİ˼Уһ޳Լļˡ
ȥ˭ҲУ˭Ҳֹ
ս󷽣¹Цо䡣
ǣ죡
һȣҲ̫ԡöߵЩɽ
ǣ

Ӧȥ
ȻˣġָӵģģģһȱѾͨˣ͹پҲˡ
һ࣬Ͱ˼ͬ˻ͼȻͻͼͣͼˮ֮ץһͰ˼Ҳһ
˼⣬𣿡
ͻȻ
ᣬôˣ
˼һʱ׼ͼ
һ֧㶫ȥ
侲ĿɨǰڣҲһ·
Ǭͼڼȶġ⣬սôãԱ١ǬꥶˡҪ˵ĵҩ
ף
˼⿴ߵͻԼ꣬һ˿͵ɫ
һֱĪᣬȴƫƫӵаֻʼ꣬˼˵͡
ʲô⡢ƺа취ԶţϣԶĵ
ˣҲ鲻Խȴ
ϣӵſŷ
ȡ
˼֣ܿ˵һŴڰ׼ң˼ٵԹˣΪܸߡ
ʶˡ
м׵дŷ̿ʣǽʹõġʲΪλÿʮ˶һĶ
̿ʣ˺˲Ѹٵд˼֣ȻͬеĻ˵ҩһ𽻸˰˼⡣
䣡
һ̣˼⿪ţͬסĵҩһһɵľ룬䵽˻ͼϣɫļвѡ
쵰ЩһҲ̫˰ɣ
ʮ⣬һĿɽһĻ̲סŵݺݵһĭ
ȻʦʱҪǡЩһҲ˰ɣֱ
ô˻Ҫǣһһĭǡʦǲ̫Сˡ
ǣδɵСӶѣȻ졣ֵǰ£еɱˣŮֵȥ֣

һȺ궯
ɽ˱ɢ޷֮ͽǿУв£пµ˵
ڣֻмʮˡΪ׵Ļӣһʱ֮ǰɽկ磬һ
죬Ǳ¼ļɽկֵܿʼˡ
һͷĿģı뺷ͻȻָԶ
ոµǾˡҪҪǹȥԼһ£
ˣ
仰˵ģȴһԵľʦܰ˵ġ
ȥɡԵѧԵġˣǰһ㣬˳㣬Ҳһپʵô˳һʵ
ܰź˳˿
֮ǰ鱨һپɽֶָƣǣеɽ˿ܡ
ɽϵǻûôҲûʲôֻ֮Ƕһˡ
ͷĿһ£ʯϵ¡
ûκα飬ֻ΢΢ס
ͷĿ⣬ٶ˵

;ʦܰ˼Щߵǵ֡
ķչȴԤĲ̫һ
Ǻǣ˼⣬һǺأ
弸оȺ˵궯
ôҪͶ𣿡
˼ЦԾܵĸȾΣյĴЦġ
Ǻһȴһ㡣
ǺǣôܣȻҪ֣ǾͳȫǡҲǶ֣Լȥɡ
΢Ц
ô
˼һۣһ۰Ĵ嶼ɿһۡ
һݶӳУڶݶ׼
һ֣ӦϢһ£һ£ͬʵĵһһַâ¶ĸо
˼⣬鷳һ𡣡
һ˵ţһ߰γϳбָա
¡
һ̣ƿѣһݶӵĴͬ塢˼ڣ¡¡ͬХ
˵Ķ飬ɢȴǧơ
һɲǣض·ǽ²
ǰ˼һο±ͬһ쵽ıһʵ磬µ˵ĸоȴȻͬ
ǺͰ˼һΧɽʱ͵ĸо־Ķǵĸо
ͷ·쵽ıȫͬľһ
¡¡
ս˻±٣٣ϼ٣ҪٽҲû˿ļٵļ
һɹǿԪӿЩսڣȻս»һ⻷
ϵϢ˲ǿһֹ
ҪڲϵĳвܷӳֻҪսͣսǿ
ûκ˿ԵֵͬЩ
ˣ
ֻˣȴϱƽֹͣĴƹپɽڲһ˿ҡ
ЩһòΪƾ߸˾ܶԿ߰˰ɣ
ɱ
쵰Щһˣ
СģСģ

ϣУ߸ˣƥսͬһ㣬ݺݵĳɽ档
ŭܿ˻ҵľͽк
û˿Եֵ侳ֳսʿѳЩɽֵܹķ롣
飡
£ɽϹۣ̤ͬаȺи߸ߵķ˳ȥû䵽棬ѾĲˡ
ֻһ棬һڡһлԶԶûн
ֹڵһγϵǰ档
ϣ

ÿÿ
Сģ

һƬң˵ĳֻǵһĿʼһ̣ǹ͵ܼ¡
һɽֻǰһûзӦѾǹԴ
Ⱥɽ̾ᣬٹ·˵ɽЩѵأսĶ֡
һ㲻ʲôɽǵвҲ൱ޡǵĸȺ֣һϵʱ򣬾;κֻᵥɽֿܹ˵ġ
ۣ
ǹܼ꣬·һݶΧɽϵ䣬ҫ⣬һϵĹһһ
ѪҽһƬ
ոջɽһ̣ǰĴܵ
ֻǶ̶ʱڣʮɽ˵ĵһ֮С巽棬ûһˡ
Ǵ
ºʯϵ;ʦԼʧԤϣһĻҲȻ̲סüͷ


344 ķâһ
ɱǣ
ɱǣ
⼸һˣ˶࣬Ҳǣ
ɱ

ߵĹٵɽȻһɲǾʧ˶ʮˣǽϵҲݼɽеԡ
гɰǧˣɽη壬ǽֻ߸˶ѣٶ࣬ҲܶԿ߰ˡ
һɲǼ䣬˷飬ʮϰٵɽͬˮӿϵѹǵĻռ䡣
ҲҪǡ
ô죿
ܼȺУ˼ŤͷһԵ壬ɣµսһȦȦĹ⻷𵴣ϵĽΧɽɡ
˼侳ǿߣʵǺһεĴڣܼΧ£ҲоѹĶͷ㺹ԪĲ١
𼱣
侲ĿⲻͣעΧĶһ棬ľ͵ģȻͣԪ
ֻս֮У巴ıȰ˼⻹ҪסսֻѪϰ˷ǵ˵Ļ
ңҲǲá
٣ġֻУøӷʤ
ʳָָָʮַָһܵĽݺգϵıһɽüġӡࡣ
Һܶʱָǳһɽģһ̣ЩָϸĽԽɽļȴһɽ塣
ָ仯޳ɱɱӣ֮УɱҲֻʵߵİ˼ܺˡ
ˣ
۹·˷ΧɽĺΧоˣϣȭͷ߸ֱ߱ľֻһĴֱָָա
¡
ɽҪ˺װʱս󷽣ͬɽһֱȻĵڶݶӵͻȻԾ
¡ʮɵľһԾڶݶӵͬ⵶һһ޻صƣȻɱصɽ˺֮С
ͬٴηٶȴﵽµĳǰһɽϵıײɡɣ⻷ɡ
ٶȳѾȫñľ硢ʵˡڸٵĳ£ǵʵҪΡ
ٶȽ֮ǰȺɽûܵסǵĵ档

εľɽ֮Уҽڶողź£İΧȦڳ͢ĳ棬˲˺ѣ߽⡣
ߣ
ȵڶݶӵ䴩ɽİΧȦһڶݶӺܹʮһߣ¡һڶ⣬ٴ䴩ɽķߣͬһХȥֻصʬ塣
ɱЩ쵰ˣ
׷
ɱǣ

ɽһܻζҪըôˣûɱһˣ󷴵ӳȥˡ
ɽܵˡ
ǺѹѹһƬɽƨɺ׷˳ȥЩսɽ׵壬һХŴȺгβ׷ȥ
ʮСӣԼһûȴɱٽӽʮɽ
Ⱥ󷽣һֱע;ʦüͷĬ
ȻŽ塢ôһɽ˼ͬʱҲŽЩɽ̽ʵͼһӴôɽЩء
һɱ˰
ţһ֮У
ﱾҪسܷӳҲ֮ǰ½ǣ֣ǽٵԭ򡣡
ʦº˳ɫ糣˶٣ܰлһ˿΢ɫ
һȷʵصǻʵǿ
һһѡͬһʿڲͬ±ǻȻͬġ
һصĽ£ʿԵηηһ㡢ҵĽ£ʿֻη壬²ɵ
ǽʣ廷Ӱ졣
٣ʮĸоɽϵǬͼ˾ͽȻͬ
ˡ
ܰԺһͷѾȷ֮ǰһɽկһƵɽͶԼһ˵ģǶ߹ٵϵһȺˡ
죬ƾʮɽǵĶ֡ʮֵܹȥ
ܰͻȻعͷһʯϵ
ܰУܱΪֵܵģҲֻԼˡʮˣʮɽгɽѾ˵֮ϡ
ɳôȥԸѾ֤ܰ˵ӡ
š
ʯϣû˵ֻ΢΢ס
һ̣һ£ʮһһޣƹ˺ҲϣһԾٵһȺɽӿ
Щʵ൱پҲ˶٣ôˣѹˡ
Ǹˣ
ٵϣսڣ̳˼һֱעźĶɽ˺Хлвĸߴ󣬺Ũܵͻˡ˺ĶС׺˹ˡ
һ˰˾ʮɽˡ̹˵̰˼ҲǵһξнţĶ˺ˮ
ôˣ˼ûаտԶԸǡ
ţ˾ʮѣǻв
嵭
ľֵ߶սʤ˵һȺں֮ڵķˡ
ڴƱսϣֱֶԱˡ
˼ŮӶţ첻ˡڵθӵսϣóĽ˵ʱҲʲô
׷ܲˣ
ӵߣҲҪץסǣ
ŮĹˣ˭Ҳ
ɱǣ

һĹХ˱׷Լáƨڷ˷ܵĹЦ
ϣ
׷ʮغͻȻ֮䣬ɽϣһҡڷ˺޷һαװܺõսëԣͻȻҲɽԾ֮٣뵽ʮɽʮ˶мӵش
¡¡
ƣӸϳ£ٶȺͳƽϳ滹Ҫ¡
ʲô£ɽĻ£
ͬʲô£
ɽϳµ£
ƣͬѩһ㣬ң޷ֹ
¡
ʮƵɽ˻Ӧ㱻ɽС

ĲҽƳգ˲䱻䴩ʮɽ˴벻ʮĳǹ¡
ԭȻĶ飬˲һƬҡ
ڣ
սݼţɽһƬҵʱͻȻʮͷ֮٣ҷɱɽ֮У


345 ķâ
¡¡
ضɽҡû˿ʮųɷʸս󣬳ɽеɲ𶯡
ս˻ҽײѵһƬ
ֻڽսһɲǣʮսɽײ˹˱ҵĳײɵա
սһ¶ɣǽǵǿȣԣսԶԶЩɽŪѱ
֮ǰ⽫ɽڹٵһͼ˿Ҳչ¶ɡ
ȻԽĵϣԽ󡣵ֻСɵխĵϷܷӳ
еĹٵֻֻƥս沢ų۳ң¶ɽٶ࣬ڹٵҲֻܰڿƥսʵǿϸĬĴͬǰȫ޷ֵ
ϣ
ʮɽڣҰһߵİܲһ㣬ĵո
ۣ
ʮǹûκһ˿ķâµֵɽǰ֮߱󣬺߱ȫ޷ֵ
ÿһɽͬʱܵ߸Ĺ
ʮӶµǺˣʬ塣սǶ壬ǶʮԣǼ졣
Ƕڰ˼⣬ûоֲп̵ɽ˵޷ġ
رǶɽ˵ʮͬʮɱ¾Эһµƣͬɽ鱬ֻǿһۣجΡ
ֻһ˲䣬׷ʮɽʬ壬ʬ鲼ٵԵɽ£ѪͲ֫ضǡ
ɹģѾǵݵġڵξԭҰϣһֻһ˵ܹʮ˲ţܽԷ䴩
һˣͻج֮С
ɱ
󷽵ʮ˻ûӦʮѾ֮ǰɽϵʮһ
ԭǿıʮ֮󣬱
¡
û˿ԥʮһ޻صƣڽʮɽ֮ҵײʮ˵Ķ֮УʱǰŲʱ
ϣ
սսײǹ뵶ͬһĻٴݡ˵ʵͨɽ֮ƵҲѷɫ˶١
ѷɫѷɫݵļսϣζľصĲ
䣬һͷͷս͵ײУգ˴ȫɸߵգһ
ûȵ£һǹѵˮӹգ͵Ĳ˺󷽵Ķ֮С
Ѫˮ±䣬ͬȪһѪһͬģһ˵ķڡ
ʵǿ׺սˣԶ޷ѵأɹģĴȡ
飡
ܼǹݳһһ˳¡Чսɱ֮ʱ˿̣ԶȾ书ӵЧ
ߣ

ˣǲǵĶ֣

ֵ̿쳹ٵʮԶɽʵǿ󣬵Ҳǵֵһ£㳹׵ıˡ
ûˣԶ޷ʮһжôĿ¡
ǰߵʮһ̶ûܼסʮķâǰ˳˷顣
ƴӾ峹׵ıжһֵͷ
̫ˣ
ⲻʵϵģ
ʮһѾԶԶЩֵܹķ롣
գ
ǰɽı󷽵ȵͷܣˡ
壡
Ŀһԥڼҵսϣһĳһеη壬ӣͷܣǾӾͿӵġ
ȻϴҵĶսٶӦࡣʵԶܺһ
һʼٶȾͻԽԽ죬ﵽһ壬Ҳֹͣ
ͷܵһٶȴɼ㿪ʼ١ζţǵٶȸ޷ȡ

Ĳҽһ׷ɱȥеҫŹ⻷ɫͬһ㣬ɷһǹЩ˵壬ȥ
ۣ
ǹ֣˵廹ûе棬ʮƵǹӶݴ壬ԡ
һʮʮ
̶ʮɵĵ·ǵجΣһһ˱׷ȥԡ
һЩˣȻͣҪ˵汳ȴʮ֧ܼǹ⡣
µֻʬѡ
ӣɽȥ
˿ϣƽ̹ĹٵԶǵĶ֣һһԾľܼɽ¡
壡
Ҳ룬߸Ծ׷ɽ֣Ҫ׷ɱȥ
ˣӰɣ
һֱֻۣһ̣Ѿ׷ɽ֣׷ʮɵ׷˻
нֹ
ǾĹء
չֳָѾȫ˵ŷһѾȫȫԼ죬Ϊ͢
Ī׷˶ѣΪǣȥɣ
סϣ˵
鵭Įǣɢһ侲µζ
һ壬Լûз֣Ѿһʮ꣬һ侲µĽ졣
ǣˣ
˹ӦԾʹƣ顢ȫǵ˼и߼ʱӡ
ͬʱҲһ̣˲ŻȻ֣սѾǼߵķ˿ܣɽѾȫ
ɳĹٵϣɽ˺սʬ壬ͻ˵ģ˹˵ģ߾˵ģʳ˵ģ֧˵ģһѻͬСɽһ㡣
ʬѪͬϪһ㣬涼Ⱦˡ֫бۡӡѪǣгŨҵѪζ
Ż
ոջãһս˼̲סŻȻǿ֮ǲһǿɫվǸŮӡ
Ҷпľʶ
˼鴤һ¾ҲֹͣŨҵѪζݼԽܡ

սϷ˼⼸嵽˹ٵߣҵŻгԵĶͬɫĵ֭˳
µᶼˡ
ӦǵһξɣӦһҲϰˡ
һ岻֪ʲôʱ˹ǿŮҲһ棬һμ˼Ż¡
ôģ
˼⼫Ҫƣ˫ֳڵϣһڵ֭˳
ʲô

ôģΪʲô㲻Ż£
˼ڵϵ
ɫͻȻһЩ㱡һɱˣͨ˶̲סŻ¡
Ĳ
ȻҲᣡֻǣڡ
ڤڤУ˼ƮɣŰ˼һ仰ƮԶ


346 棡
һӵͣһֻûɱ˵ˡ˶ǻġ
һˣҲıһˡ
ϱӣƮǰСεʱƽһɱˡ
Ǻİ׵һµϡﻩڵİ˼⻹Ҫ
ȻߵĻ顢սѣһĵ£Ϥľ޴һзգԺҲû¹
е³Ժʣµıֻмǿ
ֻЩȴǲ˼˵ġ
ԼϵʹԼŵһи˵衢ʧܡη壬ء
˼⣬ҲһŻ£Щȿ㿴Щ֫ϱ۸ӵҪǲ취ЩˡɽոյٵϣѻɽģǣǬͼǵʬ壡
忴Ű˼⽿εıӰ˵
˼ڻ̧ͷ㡢֪Ϊʲô˼ͻȻϣ޾
֮䣬ֶġܵĸоҲ滺ࡣ
߰ɣʱ䲻ˣǬͼǻڵǣ
վڰ˼һֵֻ
˼ʶһֻ֣ץסƣһִδйİֻд
㱼䣬˼ȴˣǰʸԶһȻ꣬ʵҪСࡣ
ݣ
һʮϢɱĴ塢˼ٴκ¡¡˵ķȥ

죬죡
ˣˣ
ɽұߵɽƥͷ˳ϣŵƨĹµǰ
ֵܱɱˡ
˵ɱ˶ˣأ
վʯϣӸ£
ˣȫˣֵȫɱˣ
˻ɫ
¤ԶǳӲ׺ᣬǶ̶̵һ˲䣬İɱˡ
ʮɽʮˣܼһ˵Ķ飬ڼ߹㱻ɱһء
֫ʬ嶼ڹٵ϶ѻɽ
һ࣬һ˶û
׺˼ֱ޷
ʲô
һ䣬ͬʱɳȥջƣɫѿ˼㡣
;ʦȻû׷ȥһֱڹעԶĶĺɱʧʱ¾Ѿо˲
¿Щֵܶ˵ĸ֣򲻹Ҳȫܵġ
ܹɱƵĹپ͸òˡ
һٶ¾ȻɱˣȫʵǳµԤϡ
ҾˣҲǶԷŻġ
ɫѿ˼㡣
ܰǱ׼ôˣ
³һŤͷԱߵľʦ
ҪһƾֳĻ»Ҫѵʱ䡣
ܰڵɫͬÿ
Ȼڶ࣬һԱһٸ£˵ҲǸСʧ
ΨһܵǣЩɽոͶģ˵ʲô̫ʧ
ȹʱ䣬µɽ֣ʱݲһԲ
ʮˣеۡ
ЩҲʵ͵ģдﵽ侳ġ˵Ȼһٸֵܣǵ±Եʵģ˽ǡ
š
µ˵ͷճȭͷ죬¶Ũҵɱ
ĲɣҪԶ֣ЩһɱƬײ
Ϊֹûܹôˡ֮ǰɱһɱЩˣѾɱһٶˡ
²òϣԼ͹ʮ
սһƾԱɽϵǻƾǿࡣҲɹļŭ¡
˵֮ǰ»ֻΪ£ģ岿µĻôڣ¾ͷɱǲˡ
ȵȵȣʱɽϵƾһȫ𡣡
º޺޵
ɽϵƾУھһȺ֮Բ׵ǣֻûǣң뿪ѡ
գ
к޺޵ʱһ󼱴ٵų̳Զ
ƹһתǣһȣ˼Ҳ飬ʮ룬ĳ˵Ұ֮С
䣡
ʮһٵĳֵʱɽϣͻȻһ춯صĻ
ꥡǬͼԼеĴȫվ
֮ǰʲôìܣһ̣ĳ֣˸еǰδеܺϣ
˼飡
ˣ
ɱһٶɽˣ
ʮˣһ٣

ȺһƬһٶ˳ȥֻӻʱ˾Ѿ֪ˡ
˭ҲûϵʮȻһû
˼飬Сӵôģ
תǴֵʮƵǬͻͼе𺳡
ǾˡɽսģʮپսĴϱô
һٶˡɽȥȴȫ𣬶ȴˡ
Ľֱһ㡣
Ǭͻͼʣζġ
˵һαչֳ۷
Сӣ㵽ʲôˣ
һ飬̺ɽ˺洫ȺһɧֿͬĲˣԶһֱġ
ĺ󷽣һ᾵ľʯʯվľ¡
ǰ˳ߵĸߴӰؿռ䣬ҲһǿѹȸС
ոմ֣¼ǵһʱͽĿ䵽ϡ
˷ĵģɰǧĿӸ䵽ϣɽϣڼ׹ºꥡǬͬڹע塣
ǰδеءɱ
գ
սգǰӭųɰǧĿ⣬ɫݣ޾ɫ
ǵӲСȻΧ͢پ֪ͳ͢Ϊлʲô³𣿡
ĿһɨûʯϾӸµ£ȴɨһȦΧˡ
Ц㶼Ѿˡһ·Ȯɽ֪٣ѵ׼Ƿ𣿹ٿɱȻҲɱ٣
ŭЦ¶һѱζ
ߣǬʣѣΪܣռɽΪڴƵϴҽᣬɱ˷ŹȻеˡپ˷ˣ£֮ӦΪѲɣҪЩŰɣ
پӦֻ֪ʮˣͿ׵ĽһˣҺˡȵĳ֣͢Ӧ֪ʲô³ȰǳļǾƣаһлü
Ŀ磬ƥϸոյսĿ֮һɽζӴѹ
һʱ䣬žѻȸ
ɽҰɽ˱ֻϵĹپĿηһԾһأ˵


347 ͻϮ
Ǻǣݡηĳ͢ֵҲΪܣռɽΪˡȻԵľڷԴȻ͹ڿˡѵηپ
ҹپɱҲɱˣҲǵһˡֵǲΪлͷ·ɣ
ս󷽣ľʦܰͻȻˡ̫ǿͱһȺѪֵ˵Ƶ䡣
ֹ֪ܰ˵ᷢʲô벻ıʡ
Ǻǣ˵ǹӣᣬɽ˵ֶξȻô˽⣬ҶݲȮһٶˣ˵ɱɱһ㡣ܰʦֵطйܰ⡣
պ٣Щֵ˱ᣬԶԶıŹˡ
һﵹ
Ŀһɨ͸оľʦµڷ˵ƣһ˫˫۾Լ˵⣬ɱ
¾˵ľʦܰɣ
̤ǰңңԵʿ֮ơ
ԣ֮󣬾ܾõڴﶼδ۲ѡ
Сӣϵ̺˶ܣ
˼⿴ͦεıӰɫѵӪ˲żüãҴĹӡҲò
ȴûһܺǰĸоȡ
󽫣
˼ѿóҵһʵĴʡ¶ƾһָ㽭ɽӳⷽٵս󽫡
ǰܶ飬ɰǧˣɽֻԼһĴﶼԾıѹƣΨհ
ԸǬͼˣڲɵעһһ
ľΪʵȺܶ˶͡
ȴ֪˵˼ע˿ȫ˶Եʦϡ
ҲǱʫ֮ʿΪβȥѵ֮ҲΪܣҽᣬռΪ𣿡
ǺǣͲ͹ӷˡ˶о֮أҲԸЧȮ֮͡ǹӣ㲻ΪܾȳЩͬɣ
˳˵һ䣬ֻһ˵㡣ͲҪϰ׷ˡ
ܰź΢΢Ц
Сӣ㻹е͡ɱһٶˣҲǸҸᣬͶ˵лЩͬ飬ҪȻĻ㻹ǣ·һ
¹Цķ
ķףڸҿЦ𣿷ĸ죿
Ц
Ǿû취ˡΪǲĸ죡
һ䣬ЦһֱһӣָԶǬͼˣ¶һ˿ᡢ֮ɫ
¡
ԭΧ״̬ɽͻȻͬһܾ޴Ļ¡¡תɽһ𷢶ǹɽǼ侪˵ġ
ϣ
ս˻ɽǰںй飬ֱǬͼ͹ȥ
ã
ɽϣǬͼɫ䡣ǸողŵõĵҩϢָûãû뵽ͷܹˡ


쵰ڸʲô뺦𣿡
ˣǷĸ죡

ɽϣͼƿڴͼǷӭꥺǬŭ
ͼǿڲԣǬףǷûϣˡ
˶ˡ
׼£ҪǳزסʱͻΧ
ꥸϽʮ侳Ĵﻹһս֮ʱڻԼֵס
ô죿
˼ʶ塣
ͻȻǬͼĹƣٵҲһƬҡ
Ҫţҵ壡Ҫ֣ɱȥ
Ŀ磬ɫ侲Ѹٵķųеʽһ̣ڰ˼⾪㵵ĿУһӣʮ¡¡֮ƣһ޻صɱ֮С
ɱ
ɱ
ʮŸոջɱһɽ˵ƣͬ͵ľһ㣬¡¡ɱ֮С
սٶԶƶٶȿö࣬һɽûг嵽Ǭͼǰ˵սѾͬһ鳰㣬ײܼȺС
ͬһĻٴη
¡
š־ĲҽУʮƵɽ㱻ս߸𣬷ɵ˰֮С
ۣ
ܼǹֱݶ£һգۣǳƬɽ˵¡⻷⻷һƬǹǹֻɲڳĴǰɽ˸޿ƥС
ÿÿЩһ﷢ˣ
쵲סǣ
ÿÿҹȥ


һϮǳͻȻսٶȸʼϲܶˣȴӦ
ֻһɲǣƬɽܲݰ㵹£֫ϱ衣
ƾѹԵʵٵɽǰߵһʱͳױұ̶Ѹźӡ
ȺһƬҡ
ɽ˵ǿ׺ᣬڹپᡢ飬Լ㼫Чʵոǰҳݡ
ɽ˴ţӴܣֻȺѸٵӣơ
쵰
²Ȼŭ߹ûʵԵĽչǱϾҪѶɱôܿˡ
ܼ׼ߣһٸֵܹȥͶɽȫǣ
ǣ
һͷĿѸȥ
ʯԣľʦҲɿЦ֪СӲ׶Ըʱ򣬲֪жѶԸ
ʮ͵ļֱͬһ㣬һЩɽ˴һ浽ʮɵĿС
̫ˣ
ȥרɽϵƾܶߵǣֻɹˣҲҪʧء
鷳ˣ
ܰЦ
һ̣ŻȻһƾĻҪѶԸĶࡣ
ңȱɽϵƾٵƾڹٵ󣬴ɽϰȥ
ܰѸٵĵһܵЩں֮ڵɽ˰Լ˼
˵ɽܰĵ£ܿ·ĹٵǴɽµƹȥ״ٵϵˡ
ܰĿһѪֻǽս˲䣬жϳڹٵϾԲǵĶ֡
սƽس棬ڸӵĵƣ
ֻҪƹǵķâɽϹܼǯǡ

ۿ˾Ҫɶǵİûκεԥȭָſһ̣µĶʮֳӣǰ󷴸ۻز̤߲ȵ֧飬ڻ˼ǳˣȻԼˡ
һЩɽҪɰлɳãƴӿҪסǡ۳̤֧顣
ϣ
ս˻˵İΧȦ£֮ǰͬһ㣬ӹٵбֱɱ˳ȥΧ
ɹپһǰһٴκ£ųУңңš


348 ͢ڶ׶ε
һɲǣʱ·ͣ
ԭ˵ķӿȻ֮ͣ׺˿ԶһʹָȻĴУҲη壬פ㲻ǰ
ʵǿ˶ˣ˵ɽˡ
ٵɽ¡֣Ŀ֮ȫһƬš
ŨҵǺ˵ѪζڿҵƮһ̴ٵĽӴһٴκˣһȴʮߵʬ塣
Ųһ
Ȼ֪һٸֵУҲ֪پʵҪǿˣһУʮݳĳ𺳡
һ̣ÿһڹٵ߳ĶħУһȴʵʰĿѹ
棡
һɽͷݺݵһڣһŲ԰׵ǾɫȻĴԶȳɱ𺳺ͼɵ
еĵ·ݺô꣬û߰ٵɽУȻηһӲʮ˵Ĵ
Щһ̫ǿˣ
ͬͷӹ˵ԺһЩɽǲԼͬȺȥ
ĿùǶɱѾȺлܻðȫˡ
̫ˣ
벻ЩһȻô
ǸСӣСˡûһƽ־ûһƽˣܰʮ˵ҿˣǾеҴӵܣһǿľң
ڣ˼˵ˣһﵽʲôˣ

ɽϣǬͼвĴͬ𾪵˵ĿãôҲ޷ţո֧Ǻһӡ
ֳս̫ˡ
ǾȻƾһ֮ӲɢĹ߽ǵĹơ
ʹٱΧǵڲòķŵ˷ٵϵ塢˼ϡ
ֱ̫˼ˡ
еһУָġּµ侲ǡϣʮĳǬͼӡҪ̡
֮ǰ˶һֱзݡڿࡢѣΪֻǸݵ΢ѵӪƽ
ʱ˿̣ﻹһ뷨
û˿Խһֻʮ˵ָӳոЧһ˶ûС
Ǿһ˿ġ
ǿҵĸоǾĳҴӵܣһǼǿ֡
֮ǰȻûŹ
һﵽ˭
һǧٿף֧ĺɫ£ǬڶҲǿҵĺ档
ʣ
ʱŭģĪھϵˡǰˣܼӴʮѾɱ½ɽˡ
ʧش
Ȼľ󲿷ֶͶɽ˿滺ŭ
ܰжã
Զеŭֱ籡
Ҫһ
ܰҲǳܣĳ̶ֳʵʧְ
˷ģȵɣǾ·ӡʱôҪԡ֮ǰԵһ
ߣҾһ
һٴϵľʦΡһʧ̫ˡ
ʤˣԺҲš
Χĵġ
ٵɽ£Ĺսǣңңȫĵģ˵ûС
֪ķѾɽϵǬͼתƵϡ
ߵ侳Ҳȫɵٵȥˡʧ˽˵Ĳ£Ѿ޷ܸʧˡ
˳ɵĹתƵϺʣµı޷ȫĵĶǬͼǹ
ô˽֮С

֪˶ãͻ𣬾˫Ŀע£һӰһֻ׸ųͻȻս
һɲǣͻȻùŹޱȡ

𶯣ûеֻ£бɲǣһֻֻһѪ쭽䴩ֻӵ塣
˳ȥɽϣһͷĿչ
ǳ͢Ÿ룡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ϵһȦ𹿣УξɫһһԾնֻӱ֧֮ǰһ޾סеŸʬ壬˻
ǱĿֹֻ˵ϢݣŸҲû
Уξô
Ÿ˵ʲô𣿡
Ǭͼɫһ˹Զ塢˼Ҳͬ˹
ô⻹˵һյ͢Ÿ롣
û˵ŸȡһͲСĵĳһֽ̯ƽϸ
յ͢ڶ׵ˣ
ֽϵݣϲû˿ĸˣ¶һ˿Ц

Ǭͼ˶סˡʱյ͢ڶ׶ε
Уξʲô񣿡
Ǭ壬߹ȥʵ֪ΪʲôܾꥵıЩŹ֡
Լɡ
Ҳû˵㽫ֽ˹ȥǬͼ˽ӹһۣùŹ
ֽϲû̫ݣֻм򵥵ļ仰
ڶ׶ݶӰʮ˽¼䵳ͽ
⿪ʲôЦ
ͼɫ߷ߣйƵĺݺݵĽеֽڵϣ
ʱǷڶ׶εĲ𣿶ң棬ǵصˡɽ²߰˰ˣ˾ܶԸ𣿸˵и£Уξ㶼Ķ֡
ʲô񣡡
ͼˣעԴǣҪط͢𣿡
Ǭ
ģӶҪˣںЩ
ͼ޺޵ɫŤ
˭Ҳ֪ǻֶܼãɽϵС棬ƺʱȫ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱͻǣΪ촷ۡ
ʱȴĸоҪ£
ˣ侲һ¡
꥿Ц
֪͢ڵĴֻܷͲ֪֪ھΧңǺңԶǳ͢Ҳ֪Ȼۼ߰ٵķͽ
飡
ͼ͵һȭԱߵɵģľм׷ɣָųѪˡȻ֪˵ĺܿʵ飬Ⲣûͼкֺܷ
ĿǰΪֹõϢǣλ˻ûΧңһλ˿ܷǳָͨӣʱİҲǳΨһϣ
˵ţŤͷԶˡ
ʮｻҲһʱˣ˵ʵûб䣬Ҳûб䣬ǻ˸˧ʮչ¶ľݺϺȫ֮
սҲһεģ
һӢ˧ı仯
սʿְ߽սɳԼꥷǺ⡣
ڵǶǸ˷ǳ⡣ľδڵ۹ĽϼԴȻͳϽһһĴ󽫡
Ҫġ
ѲˣꥵϣλСĴܹѳȥ


349 ɣ
Уξո˼һ֧浽дʲô
ǬͻȻڵһԵꥡ
˼ļϹһŰײ˹˴˴Ҵæĵҩ⣬ײϻīд˺ܶ֡
ǵҩ֮󣬰ײϵȴһֶûᡣ
⡭ʵǷλдҵġӳȥø㿴ɡλһٽǷų֮⣬ܸ˿дķǹΨһķҲĻᡣ
꥿Ц
ŶǶܿ𣿡
ǬȻû˵Ǭ֪ܱΪλˡģҲֻˡ
š
ĵ˵ͷ
ǬĬȻƬ֮ƺ뵽ʲôʶԱߵĻͼһٶǿΨһԭҲֻлͼɡ
ǼһǲĻͼɡ
쵰
ͬһʱ䣬ͼҲ׹ͷиŭաȻû˵ɲ
Ǭ˵Ļһֶû©
Ǹ˵ʲô˼Ų𣿡
ͼ͵ͨ죬ġʱˣȻ˵ŲԿ
ꥻǬʱ򶼴ûнͷŤһȥû˵ġ
ͼһ·Ը
岻Ҳǿİɡ

ˣô죿
ĹٵϣͻȻڵһ仰˵ע⣬ȫ˶ǰ塣
ѾһǾȲǬͼǵġ
ҵΪֹȺķ׻һֱû֣ٻûжǳ֡
ܴϢȥͺˡ
һʲ
ûõġʦ·;ңԶͱص㶼·̣ȵʱһжˡ
˵ǰ˼⣬һʱͷʲ뷨
仰˵ҪȳǣֻпԼˡ
˼˵ĶԡԷ͢ŵĸӶһʱĿľǲǰϢݳȥǲֻᡣ
üͷ
Ϊ˶žǱڵ׵Ϊ֮ǰϽЯο͵ϢͨѶ
ɵĽǣѺΣյʱ򣬾Ȼȫ޷๵ͨ
֮·ȡľƫƧߣȺɽشẓ̇͸ˡ
Ҫ߻ʵԶԶ̻͢Ҳôɽˡ
֮һ仰ȳǬǣΨһϣʮˣ
ң⻹ĵġĵĻһ顣
ŵ
ʲô
һ仰һ׷塣
оʲô𣿡
˼Щ
ڵ壬Ķʯô˾͸Ӳˡڽ֮ǰ˼ԼʮսĴͬǬͼǰϣһԼСܶϡ
һоôˡ
ˣûκ˸оʲôס
˼⣬Ϊʲô֣
ͻȻڵ

˼һʱЩĽࡣ
ţǹȻȲǬͼǣͬԸǡǲΪǣǵĴ󲿷ȫǬͼǣΪʲô
ʵʵȫǿԳԵǬͼǵģȻҪһۣȫǿġǲûôΪǬͼǣǡ
ǬͼһǾͻˡڣѾˣΪʲô֣
屳Ű˼⣬Ŀ⴩գããɽǿʯϵ;ʦ
ܿôɽˣԼΪԼãµʵѾӹɡ
ܹôЧĵЩɽˣԼոճǵǰߵʱ򣬼ʱЧӦԣҿɽ´Уɽ˴ԼԵĿԼλʦҲ֪
Ķ֣岻ȥСǡ
κСǵжֻᵼԼܣԼ޷ܵĽ
˼ǡ
Ļ˼ҲüҲ뵽ʲô
˵ǲһ
ü·һŷ籩
֮Բ֣Ϊڵȴһʱһǳ׻޷ѵʱ
˼̽ŵ
š
صĵͷ
Ҳе뷨Щ̫ˣ򶨵Ĺݡû⣬ǸľʦһǱʲôá
ô죿
˼ɫ䣬ҲԱˡ
ٵɽѾѶԸˡǻʲôУ˿¾͸ˡ˵ȲǬͼǣԼҲҪȥ
ˣûв´ǵĲӦǲҪˡҪҲѾˡ

Χһļž
ռѹ֡
Ĵƹپɽ˱ƵֵزǾ޽СٵѾǰ
ʮҲԶԸٵɽˣ˵滹вʵѷǵ侳ˡ
Ĳʵ̫ˡ
ңǸ˵侳صĸ֣ټֶصġ¹ȵֵʱٵľڸӵվ
ڰڱϣ˲Ϣͷ
˼֪˼ȻнǣҲ֪ܴţֻǿеİ
ʱһĹȥѰޱȣ֪˶ã˼̲סˡ
뵽𣿡
Ҫƾֻ֣һ취ˣҲΨһİ취
ʲô취
˼ʶ
ЦЦû˵Ŀӹؿռιʯϵ;ʦ
֮ǰǻһЩҪ
һ֣ʮȫƹսǣȫĸɸɾ
Ҫʲô
һߣιʯϣ¼üͷ
ûпǷǵļƻ
ݺȺɽ̣ǹپɱɱǺƣ˼ɡһΣȴִĸо
ԭܼ򵥣ʮ˵Ĺپв̫ǿˡ
ӦòܡѾǾƹɽˡһֻ񶼲ܾǲܴΧʲôңȻѾǾעǲʲôҲ뿪ҵĸоӦֻʱ뿪뿪һòԶ
ܰ˼Ƭ̵
ˣɸ̽ӳȥ£
³˼Ƭ̣˻ֵ
ǣˣ
һ˳ܿӦȥ

ЩһﲻоΣգԼ˰ɣ
ɽϣ塢˼һͼ̲סɫβסĽǡ
סˡ
֮䣬ǵһһϵԼɲûͼŭ
СҴ壬ԺգͼʹûоΣյľ档֪־أͼμӡ
ܵѵӪͳ͢ѵ⣬ҲԲμӡ


350 ĺ֣
ģλҪܣһʼͲҪߣոҲˡ
һԱߴꥺ԰ο
ͼٺһ㡣
ݣ
ͬʱսգͼŤͷֻһϢ뺷ͻȻŹٵǳȥķ׷ȥ

ͬʱ𶯣ٵĹսǺ棬һֻ޴Ȼֻһ䴩˵ͷ­
޴ǰ­ֻѪŽֱӱôϷһɽһôϡ

󾪺ŵȺд˶һסˣ˭Ҳû뵽ڳ˵ͬʱһ¡
һޱȣٶȻֻѡʱǡôȫûиܵʱ䡣
ĳӦͱһ­ˡ
汻ϵˣˣ
ͬʱսʮɴ˼⻺չͷһЦ˸Vơ
ɵò
Ц
˼Ⲣר޼ļѾ൱ˣ֮輸ߵģȫﵽ˼鷢ĵز
߰ɣһٻЩɵôˡңһһĥһֵһֵ

ʵ̫ˣҪһӻǲܵġԣҲֻ취ˮĥʯһ㣬Բϵġĥǵʵ
һӣʮȥ

ʣ
ʯϣԼɳȥĳĿһ­Ҳɫܲÿ
ȥ
һӣٴɳһ¹ȥ
գڶС࣬һƹսǣոճ۳ҳһξ룬ͻȻ𶯣һ䴩ͷ­
һΣǴġ
ڶ
˼ⱳùս˫һУԾ
ո峷ˣֻʮ׷棬˼ȴû뿪ȲһƬֺ档
ֻ׷ǰ棬ϵõ˼ֺ棬һʱٴС

ٵڹսǺͻȻû˶²öҲ֪ڶ϶Ҳ⵽˶֡
ȥ
ֱһӣһɳ˳ֻһδ࣬ɳСƹ˹սǣȻһٵɽ£ͬʱѰ
ԱⱻԷ
һӭǵӸߴ۶µĴԼ˼ⱾˡսеļңҲѸ͡
˳侳ֻ֣Ƭʱ
ξˣ
Ϊһ˵ľٶ߻ʲô鱨û̽Ͱװʧֵܡ
һɽĲ¡
ʯһļž
ʦʲô뷨
Ťͷߵľʦܰ
λ˵ľʦͬĬǸѵӪʵ̫ˡһһȫ·ơ
㻻ܰԼܰҲûаڶԷּƲܹȫȻˡƫƫֲܲȥ̽顣
Ļǽǳˣȫû·
ʵûԶͻȻϮǵʱҾӴˡϾսǿϹġ
ˣΪûбҪˡԷȥȫڹսǺǳ϶ϣĻȥ˶һ㣬ֺõľͿˡ
ĶԷļ취װһܡ
ܰ˼Ƭ̺
ʽƣܣȻûеġŪ飬һ׵Ķƻûʲô⡣
ܰܿ챻ȥ
ʧֲֵ֮ºܰڵõҪϢ
죬ǲûԶĵط
֪ˣһ֮ȥ̽
ǣ죡
˳ܿȥһߣתͷһԵܰüͷţ¶ѯʵɫ
Ҳ֪ʲôȻҲųǹŪĿܡ
֪ܰʲôҲҡҡͷ͸ûĶ֡ǶԷѵӪѧΪܣǳֵܣ˵죬й
ʲôֻҪǲ뿪Ǿ㹻ˡһҲ߲ˡ
ܰź룬ŵ¶ƵĹâ

ʱȣǵʱ䲻ˡļʱܾܿǣǬͼǵԣϣ˵ÿһ
ͬʱսٶĵطټʮѵ
桢ı飬󲿷ֵʱ侲ǵ顣
ˣܶ˶оصգǰδе档
ɣǰųĶУԻǡ˽ȫҵ

ǣˣ
˺Ӧǡ
ʮǶʮѽܹѵֻа˼µĶʮﻹûнĲݺͱѵ
彫˼µֳͬĸݶӣͬѡʲ鳤
ʱȣָʮ±Ķڹٵмҵļѵ
սʱܵû㹻ʱ䡣Щ֮ǰεжټ֮ǰսָϤķǳ֮졣
Լʱ֮ĸݶӶʮ˵ѾܴﵽҪ
Ҫģ˶ϵǱȫ𣬻ǳɹĽЩάپͳ͢ϡţûϣ˵¡
ѵɣһΣټʮ
һСС󷨣еҪһҪáֻһʱ䡭
˵ʼʱ򣬰˼⻹Լ֪ܿ飬ǷֳһЧʸߵĵԪ
ô£˼ȫˡ
ܶָʾ˼ûп˵ǽӴ˼ţ¾Ǻܶҵ˶һá
ֳĺܶණڰ˼˵ѾȫΪԭ򣬰˼ҲӴܶн죬û˱ֹһĶ
һﵽʲôˣ
˼жԽԽ档ֳĺܶණһ֪ġ
˼Ҳ֪ʱȣֶʱǿѹסеĳ嶯
˼ⰵע⣬жܹɹΣƤˣҲһҪͳϵܡ
ɫܿ콥
ٵϿʼ˹Ĵ̣ʮ￪ʼڹٵ
˾ڹٵװ䱸
ʮ˵ķҲǲСȼ̺ܴٵ˵Ӱеģˡ
ͬʱ췹ĵطԼ߰ĵط꣬һ죬ܼĹľ;УһֻżƬӺ˳ص̤һž档


351 мƣ
ʱոպá
棬һֺŨܵͻ̽ͷ΢΢¶һëȻЦ
췹Ǻ׼
һ첲׳ĴŴͬӾľ̽ͷһŹȴǴĺˡ
ǰʦĲôдٺٺ٣ʦƵ󷽣ȵǰǻپʱ򣬰ȥʱǰй׵Ľضǵ·ȫ𡣲ͻȻиõע⡣
ͻ˿ɽ¹̣ٺЦɫ̣
ǿԳ췹׼ʱ򣬸һͻȻϮҲ벻ǻֻҪܹ˲ɱһ֣µ˽Ϊǡ
ǣˣ
߸첲׳Ĵ⻰һ͵ĵɴ۾
Ҫıʦļƻ𣿡
ٺٺ٣ûȥ֪ĶǡԵʱ򣬻ڹľɽʯ棬ݴУıƽȻ׼ʱͻȻӱ˳Ȼܹѵġ
ֻʮ˶ѣһϵ˷뿪սûзʱûбڹǸõĻˡڲԭϣͻ˵ľӣĻǾԲŹġ
ʦǲ֪ǿ֪Ҳһͬġ
Ǻٺͷ촽ɺͷһ£Ȼ˱Ǽ⡣
첲׳Ĵ粻
٣ҲӦøһ¾ʦѯʹʦɣ
ãĴڿڵ
ھʦأǱܵģƻʦļƻ
ǺǣʦǺˣͬҲ⡣ʵϣھʦҲǳءһǻ۵ˡҪãЩپ췹ҲǼʱ䡣ﴫŻȥθӣߣҪƸȦһһأʱʹֱܹȥ߾ʦ
һᱻɽȺΧĹپֻ֡Ҫǽһ׼һ׷ѹ򡣵ʱ¶ЩҪܾ͸ס
ǿڵ΢΢۾۾ҰްĵĹâ
ԭϵͻ˳ȥûкôḻĻҲûôϸ˼
ͻȴǱرս档
ʵϣ棬սǻ۵ͻˡҲ͡
ҪǶӣҲᱻѡΪ죬ִֵа󷽵ˡ
ʵϣ棬º;ʦܰǵ֮ĵ
׺ͣǶսİֵǵƳ硣
ѡ񡣵һƵ棬ĺ·վʦ˵ģȴʱӦϣһٰǣϵǵ·ǳգǲͻȻϮáΪǸʱӦѾֵսһˣǵýǽǰΧѡ
ʱЩپȫ˴ֵҲһʧءþʦرǰ棬ô䣬ʱԷս֪
ڶڷһʦźţһ𹥹⣬Ϊ˷ֹɢĹپܡҿرһ֧ʮ˵Ķ飬Ƶ󷽣عٵǵĺ·һйپ֣һһĿǰ׵ķʽ
ӣʧĵֻ١ǵĴ󡣵ǻΥʦѡһɣ
Ťͷߵĺӡ
оΪףսǲսκжҪͳһȻſʼ¡
Ĺء
첲׳ĺһԲϱòʦǰľʱԺн֣ҧҧ˾
Ͱ˵İɡ
ȻЩΥʦһû˵ġڵǻپȷʵûзʱ
ʱϮǣӸ£սٶȷӵѣȷʵǸСķʽ
ٺ٣ϲǵľ
ǺٺһЦƺԤϵľһǵͷص˾󷽡
ֵǣ׼ˡ
Ũܵľ󷽣һƥƥͷһˣһͣϢǿ̫Ѩ߸¡ǵ£һȦȦ侳⻷
ɱ
Ƭ֮󣬴𶯣ɽսڣ߰ʮ侳ͬͻɽһ㣬Ӹ߸ߵɽԾ
͵εƣʹսĳٶȵõķӣ̶̶ʮɣһƥƥսʹﵽ˵ٶȡ
¡¡̳ضս
ʮɣʮɡ
ֻ˲Ϣʱ䣬Ⱥ˾Ѿ˴ľ룬ٶȻӡɽµĴƹپӦ
ֵǣɱǣ
ʦԣϿǻмĻƽ𣡡
ˣ
ɱ

̳ҶӲݣһ˹ХţţļսݼѪţ˷ܵ˼㡣
ƾսڹٵϳٳ棬ӵ㣬ӳԶʵͬ
ٶȵӵ˳ǰһʯҲһ߿ѣ˵ɽ£ٵϵЩѪ֮ˡ
ⳡսһʼ˾Ѿվʤƽһࡣ

棬Щƾڹٵ췹
ͬʱԶԶģããɽ˺󷽣һ˳Ⱥھʦܰǰ㱨
Ǵ˺ͳ˴Ϣֵ췹׼ͻȻϮԷϣʦϡ
ڴʱսգһŵһսϷԾ£ͬºܰǰ
鱨һǰһ󣬼ͬʱ
ʲô
Ϣʦܰ˲ɫɲӵġȻûȴӦоһ춯صĺɱǸ˺Զ
ܰһʱסˡ
̫ˣ
һз̫ˣ
ȫƻеӡ
ܰô
ҲЩסˡʦļƻǸ߹ģǰһĻԺ;ʦĲһ
ǺͳԴĽࡣ
ǺǺͳµϲ£ôһԼԭ
ʱһ̷·ֹͣˣܰԺд˷ʣһ
ƾ췹
ǺͳǷͻȻı˼ƻڶԷ췹ʱͻȻϮһ㣬ܰ޷֡
㣬ǰʱûŵ˵ζ
ܰͻȻڵ

ʵ˳סˣû뵽ʦʵ
ûп̫ûŵ
ãС̫ƻмˣ
仰ܰɫ
ˣϽֵǳ֣ҪȻͳˡˣȫΧɽϵĹپܲܰǣͿˣ
ܰһƬ̼
ʲô
仰ʯΧ˲ɫ¶¶𺳵ɫ


352 ɱ
ھʦܰĻ´ӲɡҪǣЩ˿ɶµľ񣬾󲿷ֶ侳ĸ֡
Ҫ£Щּ䲻ס
ݣ
룬һݣͬһͷ᾵ľʯϸ߸߷һԼѪɫѪϡ
˫һУһԾ߰ɵľ룬һ·ȥ
ūԴ˸ߡ˸ȫɽϵĹپ
ɽϵǬͼĿɿڴ
û֪ʲôֻ֪һ˲С顣
׷ʲô
ͼľ̡ɲӣôӲŻ
ôˡǾҪСģ
ꥴѵ
Ĳ̫ˣǳޡ
ˣ
ɽҰãã纣ɽٴ궯ɽϣʮѸٵĽС
ӶļսѾܽһ׷ǳ֮ЧֶӦЩ
򲻹ЩҲһǸĴۡ
һ࣬´һӣǰĲµ˳Լһ糱ŹսĹٵȥ
ܰĸоܲ˵µжҲ˵졣
һ಻ɣƣȷҾ֣ʤȴǡ
¸ոճ嵽ٵĹսǣоһ춯صĴ󺰡
ɱ
ʮ㣬ӹٵҲɽ﷢˲һ磬ƬȺɽҶ
¡¡
𶯣ķܵţһ̣˷оͺǧĸҲɽй£ϯ
ã
죬ɫ䣬̧ƨһģһһбʵģȥ
ǡǴѾɽϸȥģʣڶֵǡ
ȻǣôʣֻǸѵӪĴƹپˡ
һɲǣнޱȡ
ʶǸֻ֮ϣǡܹһ
µϣֻˡ
ãϵˣ
ٵϣս֮ٴɫһǴڹٵϵġնϣǼ̾ͷԼмơ
Щ谵Уɫ֣ԵֵӰʲôƵһ֮ǰپնɱֵܡ
һľƵĳìݴʬͬ˵ʬһεڹٵˡ
Ҳʲôջ췹̻𣬶ǵƭǣǵĲ
ǻپԼջ췹ĻǵĹ
ã쳷
һ̣Ķˡû뵽ǻپȻ˽ƻΪͻϮֻ֤һȦס
¡¡
ɱ
ҪֹˣѾˣӶ˲ϳɫЩپϡ
˷ܵĿһսɱ¾һ̸ǵ
˷ܵĿɱ䵽ٵϺ˴ɽ۳ۻٶҲΪС
һ̣еɥʧ
ΪΪ˷ֹپܡǻֳȥ˶ʮ˵󷽵ĹٵʹԼ֮С
¡¡
Ҳнֵʱ򣬺Ƕһ¡¡һֻ޴ǹŻԵ֮ٴҲ˹
һǹٶʵ̫̫ˣڿͬʱѾ˺ǵǰֻ֮ࡣ
ȣ
ǧһ֮ʣǴһ䣬һȦɫľ⻷𵴣תһĺ
䣬ֻһǱϵɽϳĴ˴һɳȥ
ȻˣҲûھ顣
ʵĶ֡һһӸɽϸ£ٶﵽʱǾѾܵʵˡ
ã
һһеĴвû˿ϲãгȥ
ΪڶǹХţѾ
һǹٶ֮죬ǹϳ˳İɫ˺ۡ
ͻʷ࣬
УһһĿ磬ɽԾһǶľ
ͬЩ˵ȫͬն
¡
ȭȻһȭ۳һֻɫͷڶƫ
Ǻܿ죬ĸǹͬʱݵÿһǹ棬һٶȡŷ´
һΣҲû
սߺһÿŴ󿪣УǹһһңֱţɫǹӱݳʱѾѪһƬ
󿴵ģһƥĽ⵱һƣϷ
ͷ­ˣ
һŮڶ𣬺ǰһڣʲôҲ֪ˡ
飡
ͷأ˼վںƮݡֳơ
һԴµģȻǰ˼⡣
˼Ϳܹһȭһ˴ɣ˾ʱеͷĿ
˼ʵҪߵöࡣ
ĸɽ۳Ĵһ˼⣬̣ҲڤĿˡ
˼⣬ϽϡҪеⲫ󣡡
һӰһԾϴҲûʹǹʮָһ۵㣬ޱȵĽݺύн
ʵû侳
ҲͲǿɱУḻޱȵɺ;顣
ʵսɺ;飬ûһ˱ȵ
ΧɫǱõ˼㣬ûĲ¾ɵɫÿζд벻У屻ݴ׹¡
սУ׹Ҳζ
֪ˣ
˼ͷͱ廹󣬶ĽˣȴԾǰ¶СŮ̬
εͻϮ˼Ͷء
һȻİ˺У飬ǰ֣ǿľҪȫû
һС̡ЩǰһС
ҪͻϮˣͻϮ
һʧء
ϣ
˼ץסһ˦׵ѧġ
ݣ
һ˼һƥһսš
䣡䣡䣡
⻷⻷𵴣ײȴǸһĺϵıըըʮ֮Զ
սϣ˻ҽײһƬ
ٵϵԶһҪ࣬ǵͣڹٵϵʱ򣬾ζⳡսѾˡ
ԴɽϽµĴûκһֵܹ
ֻǵһ˾ͽƵٶȣɱʮ侳ľˣһٽǳɢ
ܾۼȺھͨսϵĴǰҲֻǰӶѡ


353 ³֣
¡¡
̳ʮӣֻؼ˾ͰЩ侳˳֧飬صʬ塣
沢еȺֻҪһֱϵˣԵĲһ಻ϡȺӵ
˵ȺѾԵء

̺ŨԵޱȵľȺһЩܹĵһ
Ŀʮ˳֪Լ̫ˡǾ޷ѵصĹپ࿹ġ
ʮ˻Ϊһɽ֮۳ʱ򣬾սľֵ֮
ĸУҲ֧Ų˼¡
סˣҪٵֵˣֵܣس
Ľƣͷ϶˺ˮ̫򵥣ڳ˼εֿ֮侳ûͿʼްıˡ
Щг˹սڷ˵ķеĳ˹ٵ˳ɽ£֮ȫͬͷӬ㣬Ų·
ʵ̫ǿˣ
ʲô֣ҲʲôսΣһֱϵ˽Ӷȫ˲
ʮһ˲ͱʲôǱɽ
СӣҪɱ㣡
¡ͻȻһ޵صľ·ըһԶԶ̺ľŨ̺ͻҳըƬɽֶһŭ޺
ʯ䣬ͷһֻ⣬һ˳߶ߵ׳һͷѪųİɫˣͬһ
µĺѪϣͬɫͬ侳⻷𵴣һ֮ʯƤȫɷ顣
ǹƴݿ࣬ңżɶܸоǹɾ˵ơ
ô죿ǸϹˣÿ죡
˼Ťͷ塣˵ļƻУ϶ǻԮģûô죬˵¶ˡ
ֹˣյǱҲˡǬͻͼǱҲܵˣ
ͬסս
֮ǰսʱûע⣬ʱϸȥսǱߵɽϣɱ춯ء
ʣǷʱҲͬ˶ǬͼǵĹ
ԷӦԷǳ֮죬ʼö˲ˡ
սգڼٽӽڹٵϣԣм
ܰ
ֻ뵽ˡӦļƲߣôĳԮΧκԵģҲֻ뵽Ǹʦܰˡ
ԲԺ壬ǧ
ִеڶƻ
ԥ
Ǭͼô죿
ɼ
ûа취ֻܿԼˡⱾһ֣ǰǰȫ˳µɽ࣬ʵȴߣǵвѾԶǰˡ
ǵȫϣͻΧġ֮ǲܰеϣȫϡɣ֪ͨ׼ͻΧ

ļƻУԭġսϱûʲôһĶܳĽ첻һ˿ִмƻǸսӦ䣬ʱıƻҵѵƵз롣
Ȼı䣬Ƕ˵һ֮Ч
ণ
һ̣һ֧ѿնݶХ쳹գһ·Ǭͻͼķȥ
źţ
ͬʱԼźţһͦ˵ֻҪͿ׼ͻΧ
취ס
Ȼ֪ôҲ֪Ϊʲôôסºǲܼʱĳ
Ǻʣȷʵǰ˼֮ǰİײԼݡ
ֵǣṤ£׼ͻΧ
ꥴ
ϣ
һ̣ս˻£ǾΥսٴɽ

ҵĺٵһľˣǬͼѾȲˣҵһ棬ɱٵϵΪǬͻͼǱ𣡡
ͻȻγһָķ
ǣ
ǬͼǾȲأ۾ˣһɱڣ
¡¡
һָ̣£ʮƹپȻɢȻŶĹٵֱ˶ȥ
ɢң
ʣ
󷽣⻰ζҪըˡȻûԲ룬ƾԺǵ˽⣬֪˵ľû
֧ٵĺ󷽣Իһֵֻܡ
һγʮ侳ľ£ĶڵѪ
ɱǻﾫ£˶һʲ
Ϊ˾ۼЩ侳ֵܣ²֪˶ٹپۼʮѪ
ɹཫһ
ڿʼڣ֮ǰ̫ˣֱ̫Ĺͷ֪ڻʧô󣬵ƴж¶һЩپҲҪԳֽСӻɱ
ʮ˾ȻɱԼôˣֱǴδйش
ˣҺһж˭ܣɱۣ
ɫŭµŭ쳹ٵϿա
¡¡
ս¡¡˵һϣǱĻ뵽֮С
ȫɢǣ³֮ٴ˾ġ
У´žԣɴݻٵûκܹ֮Կ
죬ɱЩپ
ΪֵǱ𣡡
һ˺ţٴε׳֮ǰʿҪǿʢһΣЩɽ˵ĹǸɼ㳲
ʮ˵ľˣʮྫɽ;ˣ˵ٴδﵽʮ
ֻ֮ǰͬǣγ˵оͷĿзԳ
¡¡
̳һȺɽµĴʿŨҵɱϿյĿŤˡ
׷ǣ
Ҫˣ
һȺɱڣں档һΣ˵ʲôҲŹˡҺһβͬһξɵıۣ˵ٶѴﵽ˼㡣
һƥƥս۵糸ǵٶȻҪ졣
һɣʮɣʮɡ
ԽԽ
¡
ھ벻ʮɵʱͻ𣬺¡ֻһµĴͻȻ䡣
ã
һ֪мˡҪסѾˡսٶȴﵽ£۵糸һ㣬ܹ˵ͣͣġ
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ս˻Ϳ̳У˴ȥ
£֪ʲôʱͻȻֳһ޴ĿӶľ׮
죡
ãǰ壡
ͣ£

ҪסսֹڷˣѾˡµĺѪûа취ּٵֹͣ˵ķˡ
ϣ
ֻһһսȺ˼˴һֱײ޴ĿӶ档


354 µ£
ڣ
ԶӶ಻ϵ׹ս˻֪Լļƻɹˡ
˫ʸΣ棡
һ䣬ɼʮսȫ֮ͣһļž
⼫µļž˵ĸоȴǼȵĲɱ
¡
¡¡ʮƥսëԣͬʱ˻˲Ϣ֮ͷ֮ٻΪ֧ʸΣݿӺķȥ
¡¡
춯صУʮƥս˫ʸͬˣڴϺݺݵĳ˻ҵ֮С
û˿һɲǵײһз׷ױײɣ޴սײ
Сģ
پˣ
סǣ

ĺżȵĿ־쳹ٵŶǰǸӰиֳ˼ȵĿ־Ϳֻš
Ǹˣ
Ǹپ꣡
ڣѾнӽ˵ֵĴƹپˣлͷĿ
ĴսԼĹپܵȴ΢΢
ڣ׺̣ηˣӰﶼеĸо
¡¡
Ѫɽͷ֫裬һʼٴ׾ٵĽһŵǰᴩ
Һǰͬǣηʸͬʱᴩ
ս˲ͣıɣ⻷⻷ͬһƬݷ쳹ٵ
һΣΡ
֧ʸԾ˵ٶȽۼ˷䴩ͬһĻٴݣոʿٴαˡ
ԶԼĶǰ
ҪͶֻͬҪ䴩ԷУԷʿҶԷΣҪĽֻոѡ
һһӱԪ˧ͳ˲֪飬ֳʵ̫ˡ
սõúãȫһֻƬոš
һȺ˶ѣ֪˵ͳ֮ˡ
ɹˣ
ɢˣ˼ϲԽ֮ǰžȻһֻôĶ֡
һܹս֮
ǰ˼һμʶĿֲξĥӡ󣬲Ӱһ
̫ˣӣɹˣ
е˷ܺϲͬ޷
Ϊսϱھз۳ʮ꣬ͬĽ죬ҲμӹĴս
ǰⳡ֮սԶԶ㲻ҺյսڼҵսУҳյս
ǿҲȲ
Ǻʣûһλܱǰλӡ
ʮԿʮԼˣ˻΢΢ɼĽ죬ûκһλܹȵǰλꡣ
ǰλսѼʮзӵ쾡£Ƿ켫
ãƿ¶ûһλܹ壬õķӳ
¡¡
ɽ
ͳǼƱΣ䴩
ÿһԵĲһһȺ
սһ׵սʤ֣ҲԽܵ˺١սڣȻҲܵˣûгּԱ
Ľڱ˿ֱһ㣬ǲ˼ġ˵Ȼˡ
СӣΪӮ𣿡
˳ϲ֮еʱͻȻ֮䣬һµģҧгݵģ·ӵзһ˶
ÿһˣܸоһֱǵ⣬ǿҵΣͲС
һɲǣ·ˡ
ˣ
Ҳʱ͸ǹ̳ǰĿӶ˶һߴ˶·һǿ׳Ӱ
ŻҳĿŤÿһˣܸоŨģ˿εĿֲɱ
ģǻҳһ˫ɭ䣬ɱѾһ˫ħ۾
ã
һǱܵĸоһɼΣ
Сģ
ȻģȴǵħӰ
ϣ
ս˻û֪ôƶģֻ֪˿ʱѾһͷΣյް㣬һԱߡ
Ǹļ̺ľݺݵײͷսϡһ˶ߣǿܼս˲ϹۣǱըԵײķѣսһķѵģϵʿ
¡
Ѫˮ飬ͬȪһը˷˶һˣ塣
Ժ˵սʼµһγ˴һײɷ顣
µһ̫ǿˣ
ֱըԣȫеġ
С
һХһʸУһͻȻУͬһ㣬֮ƣһֱȥ
ߣѰ·
ǱĲ˿ĸ顣û˿⣬¡ֻһеĴ˴ֱ׷ɵʮɵĸ߿ա
ǿµľһǰδеĳУ
˶סˡ
µһγ֣һγ־չ¶ѹԵģ޿ƥе
СģҪѶӣг棡
役Ƶ쳹ա
һμµĻҪºǿ
գ
ʸУ𶯵ǰ˼ڵСǾ˷Ҳ졣
ɱ
ʮһɵķʸУͬһһ㣬Ź̳֮ݿǰֱȥ
ߺߺߡ
һЦվݿǰɽݶһܵ˼ûС
һŭȼա
ɱ⣬Ƿ·Ҫ˺Ѳһ㡣
Ѫʮ˵СǰһԼڵĿӶ档
ԼΪѪĺѪҲݿľ׮崩һغ
Դӳ´ûܹ裬δܹش
ǸСӣ
ȭͷ죬ͷϵһ͹ǿҵŭ⣬ǰֳѪɫ
Ѫ˿
ɱˣôЩƵˡ
ⳡжеڣµﵽ١еɱŭ⣬Ҳͬ˶㡣
죬ΣܸʲôĴۣҪʮͳͳȫɱ⣡
ϣ
ս̳УһӸĴԼԽԽ¡¡Լϵ΢΢
һ˿˼ûС
ûУվӷʸεĴǰı۾
¡¡
ʱ·ŻĿע£һ˫׳Ũͳдͬɽһ㣬صײµǰ
ײµѪ֮ϣģȴǽ졣
վݿǰɽͰȻһײȴȥ
ˣ
һ̣˶ˡ
ôܣ
ԺΨһͷȻǳǵı


355 Ťתս֣
Ѫ֮Ȼֵܹ侳ƴȫһɽͰȻսײɳȥ
ۼܶ˴޷š
һȴʵʵǰˡ
ˣ
żȵŭ˶𣬶ȴѾˣôƾʧС
飡
һͷﱯţһֻεľֻУ˴ɳȥǵڶĸ
ʸͬʱҲӦʸ⣬Ѫ֮Ӳɢɡ
Щǿģ̤ıʯսһƥƥХţ屻еĵط࣬˵̮ȥ
ÿһȭȥһþѵɳսսɵС
䣡
һ֮ɢɢʸʸ⣬һ˸ֳںһԣһײϣٴνһ˴ײɳȥ
߳
һ߳׺һһ߳һƣųİɫˣԾ˵ٶȳµͷͷ¡
䣡
ɫһ䣬ﬣһԼϣеĳϣȴ·һε£ȫ赲
˫һƣ䣡ҽУ˼Ѫŷ˳ȥݺݵײڵϡ
λݺ¤ʦĵؽ·ǰ°˼ѵӪ֮ŮҲһǶ֡
˼⣡
ʧɫ˼Ϊж֪ȫǺýһĴڡ
ֻһ棬˼ͱˡµʵ֮ǿֱˡ
ѧܣСģµ룡ҵĽ˲
˼ӵϳɫ԰ֽΪԶˣ壬࣬ոһֱӾͰˡ
ۣ
˼ո˵仰ͷһѪӿһѪ˳Խľ塣
սڣֻһ棬˴ѾķԼҲܵˡ
ʧֱǰδУ
µʵ̫ˣ
ߣŮޣ㵹ͦСӵġɱСӣٰһɱ죬ͳͳҪ
»ɱ糱һ˴ɢһʸУһҲˣһ˸ֱڵĵڶʸС
ûκεܣӭŷʸǿĵطֱײ˹ȥ
¡
ǹɽ㾪˵ͬʱµ塣Ȼеǹȫеĺɫµ¡
Ի˴ǹȴް취
𣡡
ɽͰȻȴ˴׷ɳȥ
飡
һƥƥսŮɢҷɳȥսڵϣӶ۶ˣЩҵ඼ˣϣĲ˻ڶ
Сӣɣ
кһĿӹգʼϡΪʼٸߣ½һжϡ
ǹپֻ꣬Բôɱǹپ꣬ǲİὡڣҲôľ
Ѫһܹܣ
ʮ˭ԲɱֻѵӪĹپ꣬ȳ֮졣
ಣ
âһֱһ죬һںӰϵɫ»ؿռ䣬㣬ֱĳԶȥ
¡
һ춯صıըɫĵط̳еʯѹ촷ۣԺ֮ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣһ
ڵ񿡡죬ԼΣڹؽʱ̾һ
ϣ
ս˻תͷֻ̳УһһԼĻᣬηĳ˹
ߣ
ֻЦһ䣬ֻһǼɫ৵һ󣬴䣬˴һ档
꣡
ֻһĴ죬ɫ¹Ｑ̮СѪˮˮ
ֻһգۼ䣬ͱѹեһƤëһţӺɫڶ
ϣ
һĻһƥƥսܵţȥ
ǻһ䣬ոǲһ㣬ڱһľˡ
Сӣܲ˵ģ
վԭأȻһ˫ᡢɱ¾ȴңң塣
һУǼɫ±ٴϡ
ɫ˳ȾһѪûС
䣡
죡
죡

˷ԭɢӵ˿һĻһ񣬷׷״
ߣȥȺپ
ֵǣʱˣ
ġֵǣɱ

˷һɢ˷ܵ໴У׷״˷ķɱء
ͻȻŤתö˼Ĳ
ƾһ֮Ťתս֡
죬㣡
һҰԺѪɱ໴󺰴Զٵߣս¡¡һֻʮ˵ҳͬһһɱ
ں󷽰ŵʮʱϹ
ˣ
һɲǣ嶼ɫ
һ£ǹ·ѾѶԸˣټЩȥˣԼ󷽵ʮˣö˼䲻
ΪǣһΣƵ£·ˡ´ɢʸʸ֮ҪٶҲûˡ
ûΪٶȣǾͺͲҲࡣȲ硣
һɲǣ˶ܵŨҵϢ
Ǽٵģϱƽһεң˵񾭡
ˣô죿
һ鳤ɫ壬Ŀг˽ƵΡǰֶսս˿ʿоΣա
Ҳ˻ԼΣգȫûΣա
ˡ
ˡ

ʱһ̷·̶̵ͣһɲĸ֪ͻȻޱȵ
忴һͷͷĭսʬ壬Ҳ˹ٵ촦Զ˼һֻؿڣѵصˣҵʹ࣬ʹӶŤˡ
ҲܵˣһƥսʬѹϣΪʹ࣬üͷ
һ侳ǿ߿׵ľһͷսȴȶ̧
ɳͻҳѪڹٵµݴʡԶһɫŵɱ
ԶĵطһǱľͬڸ
Щ룬·һȭһͷս˴ɳȥһ޷Խıһ㣬ºݺݵĺب壬Ҳب˵ǰ
ɭĿ⣬͸ʱգʼԼϡ
ӰΣ
̶ʱڣȻѾ裬ȫûյ֮С
ȫˣ
¡ͻȻһ壬һ̽һץ˼𣬹ҵͬʱսҲҪһ
ִмƻצ£
¡¡ؼ죬ͬʱҴĴƹپҲ˽Ȼͬı仯


356 ж
¡
һɲǣԭµдȫɢǵͷͬŮɢɢ˷
ÿһﶼѡһȻͬķ
壬һ񱼣
ͻһĻ˵ˣ¶ˡ
Ҫˣˣ
סǣ
䣡

һȺͬǿһ˷ܵķС̫ǿˣ̫ǿˣȻԼҵ졣
ȺĹپ֪ɱǶֵܣǶˡľֵܸǲ֪١
һ˽лǣ
ֱһ㣡
ֵǣϰһɵǣ
ڷеѪɱ¾һӾͼ˳Ϊ˺ɽȻ֣Ƶʱ򣬱ɽȫ˲սͷ
һռϷ磬е˺ɽܷӳٷ֮һٶʮս
ɱ
źɽֶ˱ܵĸˡ
ߣЩһﵹеô
˷۶ˡɽǺХĴ󺰣ü΢΢չ
תͷ˷ܡЦЩһҪܣδ̫ˡ
ǼһȻ˶ԷмС
ʮ³׽ضǵ·
ڵپ֮ǾӲġ
ˣ
һΣ׼׷ɱȥʱͻ𣬾˾ĿУЩѾӳʮɵĹپͻȻ͵ͬʱͷȻȻ³ݹ
¡¡
ֻһɲǼ䣬ʮƥսٶȵľ˼ޡʮƥսʮȫ档
ֹˣڳݵĹУʮƥսʼѸٱ仯ԭµĶ鿪ʼֳһμݶӡ
ϸȥһ߰ˣܹ˸ݶӣȻݶж٣ȻֳԵİ˸ݶӡ
ԼҲ뵽ݶ֮УֲݶгֵļԱ
ô£
ǵʲô
е˶סˡڷԭΪ˱ɱˣ׼ͻΧܣжص㶼Χ׷½ǣֹܡ
˭ҲûϵǾȻɱ˻ǹͻȻͷɱ
ʲô㣬ֹ֣ǣɱǣ
ͻȻһȴƼžŭţݺһ޳ƨϣǰ׷ȥ
Щ棬ֻоٵΣա
ʣЩ׼ƣüԸ졣Ȼɽϣʮ侳ֵһֶĶԸȴԶֹʮ侳
¡¡
ɽ𶯣ϣͰһ˫Ķݿǰ·¡

֪ǰľѾǱ֮֡ǬͼǣԼͰ˼⣬ѾΧ
һ׵ĴĽ֣Ťתս֡
ǰҪƾ֣ҪΪʤֻһ취
նɱ£
һеĹؼ
ֻҪɱ˵ľľͻ˳Щµͻȫɢ
˵Ըڳ˻٣ʹˮռţǵĸսܳپ
·磬ͻ᳹׵ı޶ɢ
ּսһ˵ܷϡ
˼⣬׼𣿡

ţף
˼ǰҧҧһ˿ᶨɫ
ǰľѾΣѣû˵˼ҲףֻһΣǵʱ䲻ˡ
ǰƸۣĻᡣ
ɱ£ȵЩ˺Χ˶·һ
ϣ
ս˻еһһ޻صƣݿǰ¡
һɲǣսŵǰδеĵزֲҵζա
ߣҾǳ׵ģ
µı߲ͣ˶˷ͬӿվڴأɽͰȻһɰ硢ǿϢϱ
Ϊƾƾܻɱֻ˵Щһ̫ˡ
ˣ
ɫϣȫȫǽϣļ²ѡ
ɣ
˸űĹâûһΣͻȻǰһݶӵ˽
¡¡ͬһžʯ˽ȥ˴ͬʯһ㣬һͷݺݵײսȺС
¡޴Уս˻ǹѣֻһ¾ͳ׻ĵһݶ
Ǿ޴˴ȫ˳գ׷ɿ
ҽսĳ˻һƬѪΪмսݣ׹Ƕˡ
ޱȡ
Ȼ壬˿һĻȴûԥûգһ¡

ǰǰҲΨһѡɱ£ĻЩɵｫǽ³
ߺߣ۵ǲҵĶֵģ
Ŀ䣬ޱȡ
䣡
һΣûһ˸ֳ˶һݶ֮С¡ͭȭͷһȭսĲߣֱӽߵļƬͬȭͷһսڡ
ѪżǰӲߴȻϵʿ󱳴

ĲҽУʿ󱳵ĴѪ籡ѪȪ֮ߣͷֻݼеıŰԽǿҡ
ⲻһλɱ͢Ĺپȴ˷ܡݼһΡֲٿȫ֣ĸо׷ġ
¸оԼ¹Ҳݼ£һЩͻơ
Ҫͳͳɱ⣡
䡢ͬʱŰĴµĺͷ
䣬ը죬¼硢⡢ȭã˴ҵײɳȥ
Ұȫɱɣ
һΣһݶӵԭͣ
ʹܼʮ˵ͬʱ
ȻԼţɵӡƾѹԵ¹ֻҪ仯ͣһطͿ׾ٵĽƣȫɱ
¡¡
̳³һݶӳȥʱͻ𣬾ھ²ɵĵطֻݶͻȻһգȻת˸䣬һݶȥ
ϵı仯Ҳһ¡
ȻͻȻı仯ں档
ʧɲǣ¶ûз֣һݶͻȻµҰ֮УֻһɲǹɵǹȫݺݵĻ¡
飬ǹеͬʱڶŵǹִһͬʱ¡
µλʼڲͣı仯һ̣ʮǹʮʿͺȲһȻӸޱȾ׼Ļ¡
ʵжչʾԼһȵָӲܣеʹָ㣬нԵӵ˼¡


357 Ļᣡ
䣡
ԣ䣬ʮǹͬʱ£ӵкɫ»壬һ̣ҲѪ𵴣ܺ죬Ѫ·ܴһ
սڣ¶ɫ
ûᣡ
һ쪵ķУս˻Ͱ˼ڰڱϣݺݵ¡
߳
һ߳׺һ˼һһȦ侳⻷𵴣ݺݵͷն䡣
䣡
ҵУʱһ̷·ͣͣ˳ߵĿϸ͹Գʹɫ
⣬ǵۣ󵽾ųҵĺɫ£Ȼͬһȫλס
ʮƥսȫݣײֻǰ˼ƴȫĶȫĵͷһȫ޷κεɫ¡
ûõģǸݲҵ¡
ɳƺܿһĲҽУϻ飬һһң渡ϸС»Ƶĳ֪ʲôʱ͵һϵĺɫ£ݺݵ󱳡
ʲôûнܹƵҵ£
ʹ쳹գǺɫص˷ۣǿмסĳ
¡
һڵޱȣһȦȦ⻷Ȼϱ䣬죬塢˼ͬʮȫƮըɳȥ
飡
бɿ񱩵ը˼ڵһģʹ˼жļɣһ£סΡ
ǾˣҲǺͷ𣬻Ѫڡ
һ̫ǿˣ
м
ʮȫĴԼͰ˼⣬Ȼκβ¡
ʵֱ˾
Сӣϵʲô
һ䳹ǣ̺ɱŭͻȻӶд̧ͷֻԶڴϣһ˫۾߰ĺݺݶԼ
¸Ҷʮƹپ̣һǿޱȵ¹
Źһµǹ룬λɵ书޷ͻԼ£ֻ廨ͷ
ǿĲ˼飬ԶԶԽ侳ļ
汸£Ѿͽնɱһʮ˴ȫնɱһѪ״ҡ
ǾڸոգΪ̵¾ȻһƣҲĺġ
ǰδ
ʦЩҵı˲·ֺЩҲݴ£ĳ֮ݽĺ󱳡
µٱɣ
һΣ˼ɵ֮ɫͬҲ˱ɱ֮ġ
вԼԲڣ٣ԲܳԼĵС
Ȼȴδţû¡
սս赲ȫɱ·ף

¡¡ٽӽڿֻмӣе˾ͻȴ˵Ľꪳɳȫûˡ
ʮսӦܵصĴｫһȺ˵
Ȼ㵽ʱҲȻûз侲ķӦ
ݣ
ƹپѵһٴֳҴִ
ʮﶯͳһȫսϷ£һݺݵһսЩսݺݵ˷Ϲȥ赲˷ɱڳˡ
ƵսÿһǾϸѵͨϵͳɸѡȻ־ġ
ԣÿһƥսֻô򵥡ǻ飬ѣһ֡
߳׵ۣû˻Լս
ûսѾΪǲߡ
Ȼ˻һߵְǷ
սԼΪĿ꣬κһʱ
սսʿҲսʿ
ÿһ̤սʿʱľ
ǰƣѾûתأڶγĿռˡսϳȥ赲ڷΨһĻᡣ
ȻҲ赲̫á
սپٶնжɱ£˶
жðգȴǴ˿ȷľ
ˣ
⻷𵴣ʮʿ˲䣬³ȥ
˿ԼвɲȻŭ
Ҿͳȫǣ
ɫĿ¶ײеɫ
ҽӪȺȺĸǿɱ¾ɾԼپɱ
ˣ
һ⻷ͬйӰ½ǵڶĵһģһ侳ͬĹ⻷½ҫܣ³еͬսһ㡣
侳أ
һģһľ״ͬĹ⻷Ȼ¶µΪ
Ϊﵽ侳ͻһ̺عӵù⻷
Ź⻷ӣÿһ㼶ͻѳһͬԹ⻷
Ĺ⻷Դﵽء
⻷ĿԽ࣬ٶȾԽǿʩӵĹþԽǿ
ͬĹ⻷ѾԽ˾󲿵ĴѹЧ
𣡡
ŭУʮȫɱȥȻȷȴǡ
䣬âһºХ˲סһֻ꣬һ죬ѪˮҲһģѪѪµ˳
ͳͳͳͳͳͳͳͳɣ
˸ĹâһУлԼϣһ˳˹ȥ
¡ʮʵʵľ⻷Ƕ⻷֮以𵴣˴ӣ˷жɫͬĹ⻷ҵײһ
ͬԵĹ⻷޴ĳְмĽʶһδβͣҳײĦѹĽڶ
ըİɫӿʮɵգɴĲƤɳա
Ȼ⻷ڶһȴȫɫͬĹ⻷Ķ֣
ȻûսЩϵֻǲѣԶԶܷӳսôǿ󡢿ֲĳ
һն
˵侳⻷ȫѹƵʱ򣬹âһն˽һͬڵһ㣬ӵϰεضֻһ˸͵µͷٶȿĲ˼顣
Ȼ粻ˣ似ɶȺٶȶԶ˿Աġ
ƿնͫһҲ¶˽ŵɫ屾ʵֵһᣬгȴ¹в
ɣ
һΣͻȻεضȭӿ۵ȭͷ͵һȭͷȥ
ֻҪɱ壬еĽµ˾Ͷв


358 ɱ£
䣬һȭ䣬־ڱصõһȭȴˡе廯ΪһӰʧȴµ
һնϡӰĻӰ¶ƭ˹ȥ
ɫһϺɫѸٱ仯һ·ְһصһ
ﬣ־ڱصһȻˡ
ߣ
һҲһȭȥ
Сӣ̫ˡΪҵ¹ֻܰ𣿾ӵҲһƵ¹
Ǿ԰ɣ
һǣڶһλӦ£
ңȫ
ͬʱҲʩչԼǿĹ
˲ŭԣ
ͻȻһӰͻȻ˵ĶС
ͬʱһ侳Ĺ⻷תţ˷ٴϯ
µڳһ˿Σɫ
¹仯޷ͨϵصĳһλķȸֽܵ
ӦģһӵķӵͬʱλķͻӦ
Ըһ廹УĴµ¶ʱԵ׽ģЩˡ
ϣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬һҵ˻
죬㣡
δ䣬һಲŸ첲ĴһһԾԾ˹
µǿͷĿʱϹ
죬㣡
죬㣡
ֵǣɱЩپΪȥĵǱ𣡡

һһ˻һһնɱ忪Χսɱڵĳ
ããã
һȸֽƵ֧穣Ҳò˵İ
ĳǡô
СӣҿǻֶܼáǻǹԹɣ
һǿҵըȻƾ豬ըǿпİ˲ŭԡ
ϣ
е˻ԽԽܼ˳ﶼɫͰ˼ɫ԰ףһĳ˹ȵء
ûлˣȸֽҲȫˡ
һλҲʧˣȴֻǱҵȫû
Ҫȫ¡ҲҪ汳
һ˿ȻȻɫ˵Ķ
һ䣬һٴʩչһնѧһ˸ȳֱնȥ
Сӣôҷɱ㲻ɣ
²Ȼŭ
嶼ѾͷˣֵزȻҪ汳ֱ»ðɣζըˡ
ֵֵ֮زʮپɱô࣬ȫСӵĴ
¿Բܡ
Сӣȴɱɡ
ҵҪһ侳Сϣʲôɱң
ɱɭɭһΣȻ·һˣâһһӰƿնȻס
£
һ̣ڼԼǿ¡ҪԼ棬ЩʿһѹĹѹһѪģ顣
Ҳֻˣܷйеĺ⣬йʧ˶ྫµŭ⣡
СӣκˣһҪնɱ
ˣ
ڿеŲԶûеô㣬û˰ڵİһҲԶûϴôˡˣâһ´䣬һѽ˴С
еĳܹ£һҲɡ
ס壬Ҳסгһûκζܹв
˼⣬ڣ֣
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬׼£ѹһʱޱȵͻȻ´
ʲô
һĸо㷴ӦҲ֪ǰ䲻ԣپ궼˻Ҫ飬Բʲô¡
һֱ˰ĸоӿ
߳
ûӦ⣬¶оһ߳ͬʱһƿյݶХ
¸һ͵˶ߡƽʱ¾ԿڣΪ˶Ը壬ڿնŲԶ֮ǰô㡣
¡
ʯ䣬ֻüȫⷢһƣȻ㱻һݴ˲
°Ȼһ˿һֹˡ
Ǳ
ŲðǽϤĽ⣬ͻȻһ˿Ĺâ·ʲô֮ǰһڣʲôҲ֪ˡ
죡
һĽкһȺڸϹ˵ȴһĵѣ׾ľ
һİŮһһݴĲ
ϲã˷ܣռϷʱ챻һɱˡһɲǣ䣬Ķ˹ȵס
ɱˣ
ɱˣ
Ȼɱˡ
һ̣ʱ·ֹˣս˻ѹȥڴԶԾ˵ûԾ֣ûɻһǶ
ʤһ̣ǸپͻȻǰƭϵ¡
ϵǱȴɲǼµߣڿлһߣİŮС
ƾǱһһݴĲսսдսĽ֡
һʤսôתˡ
ಣ
һ߽⣬ӽ飬ڵһȥֳһֻһµԴ
˭ٺ͹پԣ·һ̲ģӵҲ·һ
ὣץԲԴĿ·һɨڷˣڷ˾岻ѡ
ˣʮֵˣһٶɽҲˣ޵е춼֮С
ʱ˿̣׺糤궼ľսη岻ѡ
û֪껹ʲôƣû֪ʲôֶΡ
ʮ˵Ĵɱٶֵܡʣ¶ʮָɱ٣
һ̣׺ķ˵˾֮ġ
ɢˣ׵ɢˣ
ڵʱ˻Ϊ֮սɡڣѾ˿ˡ
ңɱЩپҲˡ
˲еõκεĶ˵Լ

ͷǰףһȣɲǼ䣬ڷγѣ¡¡ɽկɽ·ܵ޴ľһ㣬ɢӡ
һȺҲɢӣһȫ޶־
߰ʮ˵ˡɽֻһɲǣɢøɸɾ
ˣӮˣ
һҴĴ߹һ
ʤˣûӮ߰ɣǻһû
ҡҡͷ̧ͷԶսǵĵطɱԽԽˡ



359 ɱܰ
սǵɽ£սǳļңããɽ·ХɽϵǬͼӿȥ
ˣʦ˲ˣ
ͻȻսǺ̳һĳ嵽ܰǰ
ʦˣˣ
ڵϵ֣̿Ͱͣһָָ棬˵˼ζû˵
ž
УһֻͻȻ˹ݺݵȵ˵ϡ
ʶ˵ôˣ
ܰݺݵ˵һ˵ˣȴ˵ô£ֱ˼
ʦˣˣɱˣ
ڵϵ£˵ڿڳˣһѻ˵ˡ
¡
һʯǧˣͨͨһ仰һذըһƬκˡ
Բʮڣ仰ͻȻһƬšԶĺɱС˲١
˿ŵˣסˡ
ʶں˵˵ʲô
ܰɫ䣬ŭӣŵˣ̧Ⱦһţݺݵ߷ڵϣ
˫»壬ôܻԻڣҾʦ㿪
ܰ˵ţוּһͰγϵı׼ˡ
ǲģ
ǾԲģ
书ôߣִôྫȥôܻ򲻹һδɵСӺһȺˣ
ǾԲֻϢģ
ֲȴǼӣʲôһܰǿԿ϶ģǱ߾Ƿʲô
ǴܰҲ벻̶ʱڣǱߵ׷ʲôֻᷢʲô
أأԳأ
Щ쵰ѵôڶû
ܰ㿴ʲô
ܰ岻ʱͻȻ֮䣬һȴ¡¡УһںĶŹͻȻӹսǱߵĹٵ˹
Ƕڿд˼Ȼ׼Ĳڹٵɽһбϵļ֦ϡ
ɽϮϮ鲼һɢ¶һͷɢͷ

ǿŲ֦ϵͷɽҰ԰ټƵɽˣͺܵ޴ľһһ޴졣
ŵôɽµ
죡
ǿͷܰĿѣ۾ˡǿͷǱˣȻµͷ­
ŭ˫ۣƺһ̶Լ
ܰôţӵ»壬ʮ侳ֶκβ˵Ȼˣ
һ̣ܰ׺䶥綼ˡ
˶ţǸ죬ֻαͷѣȫɽϵĹپɱѪ˭Ҳȫɱ죡
ܰɫһ䣬ͻȻһָңңָɽϵĹپ
ܰǿɲ㣡
һУ¡һ̣һӴʷʸΣͻȻ۵糸Ѹײڶ֮ƺݺݵһͷããɽ֮С
䣡
ȺʱһƬҡ˺ɽ֮ʣ˺ɽûдﵽ侳
ʶЩ»˲µġر֦ϻŹµ׼
ÿ
Сģˣ
ıɱˣǿ߰

ȺһƬңһЩ˻Ų·ʼֱѣһŻҡ
쵰˭ܣͣ£
ܰȻŭҪüˡǻûȵ֣оһǵ
һն
һģͬһڵڿмڣԽգֱһһ͸ܰĲ
ͿˣֻܰһıʿϵΪߡ
ÿ죡
ֻܰǰһȻͱݴڱݵһɲǣܰһƥϸСݣŷħԻƵ߳
ȸֽ
ǰɲǣܰϳѷĲ˼²֪ͬܰѽӵġ
ʯ䣬ͷ˷ӹԺڤڤУܰͻȻ׷ʲôˡ
벻
һͷӹԺܰǰһڣʲôҲ֪ˡ
ܰڴˣٸҷһͬ
һնܰԴվʯ棬߸ߵľ
¡

ܰ
һȺףеɽ˶ʱ޶־¡һӡ
ֵǣʱˣ
ɽϣڲдĹپϲϵһ𣬿ʼĴ׷ɱЩɢˡɽ
˵ɽ˱ʮپ׷Ĵɢɢĸˡ̶ʱڣмʮɽ˱ն£Ѫ
ܵɽ˱ɽܰͷһôɽˣƾЩǿ֮ĩĺ˵Ӯ˭
ҲǱУСնжЧɽ˾ңѾɾˡ
ƣΪϣΪ£Ȼ˰
վھʯϣܱ׷𱱵ɽи̾
һȺɽ˶ѣУ֪ٸĶ֡Ǻʣ֮һΡ
ɽȻأһ࣬ҲҪģ
˵һεľҲ̡
գ
˼䣬һ󼱴ٵӶд̧ͷֻһӰսٳ
ˣ̫ܿˡǲ㶼ΪԼҪˣ
УξꥷԾվľʯ˵ϲú˷ܣĻҪ𾴡
һΣǵȵġǣԼһ˿ͼֲסˡ
ҪǣΪһˣϣ꥿һ׿Խģףͬʱ˲ָͬӲܣӦ˵
Ȼǰ껹һְٰҲԳһЩۣţһλδĳɾͱȻľˡ
Ϊһ𾴵ģ
Уξ˿Ǿһģǳ͢ЧǣҲһôġ
嵭
ûнӻĿƳƳսݺ۳ңⷢйŭǬͻͼ¶һ˿Ц
Χλ˺Ͱ˼⣬ǲұ֤
֪ʲôֻȻһЦûȥᡣⲻǾȲǬͼǵĹϵɽϣģɲǬͼ˰
񾡣ٺŵɽҪͻȻڣɱǹҲǹһģԼЩɽɢ֮󣬹پҲûֹͣ׷ɱ
ԼһɢɽŲ·ӵɽȥˣҲȫɢս
ҴĴﶼʼڵľʯ£
һжʮսϱֻʣʮʧνСнһ룬·µ
Ȼݺ¤ʦؽ磬պյķҲͬˣɱٶŵˡɽʮ侳Ȼеޱȵʹϧ
ЩӦΪ۹ЧսϵģЩȺɽС
ʵˣ֣ǳ͢ٱҲһҪ
һҲް취


360 ¶
սգ
һ˼Ժ˼ʱͻȻ֮䲻֪ʲôʱΧʧˡ
ֹˣ߾Ȼһ·𰲾
ţ
Щȣ̧ͷŷеȫ£ͣԼǰ
ڶǰ棬Ǭͼ˼⡭˵ĿͳͳԼϡ
ͻȻЩ졣
ôˣ
ЩȻ
㵽˭
Ǭڵ࣬ͺڿĳص
սѾˣѵ׼𣿡
ͼҲڵϣһ档
˭ǲ֪Ѳܻһ˲ɣ
Ц
֪ǲ˼
Ǭҡҡͷһ
˼⣬أǾˣѵҲһ𣿡
嶢Ҳ࣬ϣǬͼվһİ˼
ϻ
˼ûķ˸ۣ
̲֪ĺòáҲˣҸһ·ôãսȻҶҪ²֣Ͱƨžžžһˡ
˼һҧгݵģ
˵Сӣһ·ϴһɽΧɽʱҲǳ
ֲɵӣôܸо
ҪȺˣƳ˼ָ֪սȻ

һΣԥվǬͼһࡣ
ǳıѰ

У
˼ֱӰͷƲһߡ
ûпĻǱӦȸֽɣ
ʱǬͻȻͷĿƳһǱ
ֵѾ߰һʮƽһһмСܲ˵һİɣ
ΪӵܣǬҪȸֽ֪ǰϹ˫۾
㷴ӦٳٶۣǬҲ֪˼˵ˡԼͻͼ֮ǰˡôĶ𣬸˵ˡ
ȴЦЦûлش⡣
УξҲ𣿡
ŤͷϢУξꥵ
Ǻǣܹ֪˵ݣһоǳң
˵ţ΢΢һ鼫Ϊء
ж壬ͺǬͼȫûˡʵǬͼһ֪ݡ
УξͬҲû취
ͷһͷ۵ģ
ҲͰˣȻУξһˡ⼸һҪһƹ
ӣ첻һǲݵˡ
һ·꣬ߵڣԼݣҲ˵ȥˡ
ˣȻô֪ҾԸ
ЦЦҲһãҲ˵ֱӴȡһӲӵƣţչǰ
䣡
еö·ȼյƣж¶𺳵ɫ
ȼգǾҵƣ
ҵӵܣ

һɲǣǬͼꥣ˼ⶼ¶𺳵ɫһֱΪƽĳ
ȻĳǵͣһҪԺաǾϺͻҲԲܺ;Ľҵȡ
˼΢֪һϸˣȻǰ˼ⶼû뵽ݾȻԺա
ǰ׼ҾھμĶң֮ҺͻƼһҪԺաǾǰ׼ң;ұҲҪ΢΢ѷɫһЩ
Ҳû뵽ȻôԺա
;Źʲôϵ
ͼһ
ǱˡҾǿеľŹģҵã˵ʲôϵ
ͷ
ͼһΡ
ֻãھзۣñҪûӦþҵɣ
ǬͻȻڵ
ǣ
ˬĳˡǬǱĴ࣬ȻһӾͲ³ݡ
׿ڳϣǬɫӡ
Ҫ˵Ƶ۹ʦ֮УҰ⣬ͷʢģûоҵĵˡ
Ҧ֮ĳͻڶʹ¼߾ݿ¼ʥ谮λ̫ҲλֱӼӵĹϵ
Ծᣬλ飬Ǭ̾硣
һ·ͬôգǬ治֪Լһֱ˳۵Ǹ꣬ȻǾʦͷ塣
֪ǬǾƲ̬ܶȵģܷᡣύ
ӵûвԽύġ
ܲ
մմϲоеСˬʱԱͻȻһ쭵˼⿴վھʯϵ壬˶Ҫץˡ
СӣȻôˣ̣Ҫɱ㣡
˼еİ׺罣ವһ¾ʹ˵ವһ¾ͳն˹ȥ
һ±˵Ǭͻͼ嶼һ
˼⣬ʲô
һʩչӰΣһ»γӰžʯȥ
䣡
ʯϻ䣬ʯɽԭվĵطȻ˼һһ߶ĽۣʯѣĻҳ˼ɸߵĵط
һ亹ˡ
Ů
Сӣߡҿ˵
߲Ź֣

һǰһɽϵշߡ⻬ĳ˹Цһʱս˲ֵıҲ嵭ࡣ
˼ľ׷˲ŰֵġϾˣƲôܵġ
Ϊͱˡ
Ȭˣʱʣ
˼ھʯϣһָָ壬
ʱӭ
ЦȻ˼׷ɽܣǱ֮֮Ĺϵ׽ࡣ
ô죿ЩپʬôܲǾôʬɣ
侲ǬͻȻ
һ˰ɡһҲʬҰ⡣
仰ȴǾʯϵϢİ˼ӵģЩˡϾһ·սĻ飬ͻȻ֮ô࣬Ҳоǳܡ
ˣ
ҡҡͷҲЩ䣺
ȥɡ֪ͨǻٶսʿǵļ˶ܵöܵŴҲǵּ¼ģһжᰴɳսսʿԴһսʿõĹޣ
꥿ıӰһ˿졣Ȼˡ
˵ûֵҪķʽһ
ꥵͷ
Щ˿ϵеȴֻսɳ˰̫ƽͱĬĬȥػ
Щ˵̤սһ𣬾׼
ǣ²̫ͬɣϾǡ
Ǭԥŵ
ǬȻû˵ȥѾ˼
İɡǻͬġһͬ⣡



361 ı⣡
ЩսսأΪ۹ºպյĹͣȻﲢɳǶһսʿ˵ҪģǱǵ㸧𣬶һ
㱰΢Ҫ޷Ӧ
Ӧ취ͨʹǴӦġڵȷʵ
䣡
ͻȻ֮䣬𶯵Сֻ˷ҴͻȻȫһָأϥأĹڵϣмޱȣ
лˣ
лˣ
лˣ

лص
忴һĻЦЦ漴¶һ˿׾Ŀɬİ˼⣬˭Ҳûп
ֻսʿսʿ
Ȼսʿȴսʿ졣
֪лʲôǲΪԼΪЩսͬ飡һ˲䣬ʱţֻصһ
뵽ЩĲ£Щ޴ϣܲսַɶ˻ʧսʿ
һɲǣпɬޱȡ
ƮƮ޽ǵķ˿岢֪һ̵˼ǰδе𺳡
˼ⲻ֪һ˵ҪʲôľŻ¶ֿɬ顣ȫһʮ꣬²еġ
ھʯϣĿĲһ̣˼Ȼʧ
ѾϤݣǰ˼ⷢԼֵֻǸšϣƺڲص
˵Ҳ˵Լ֮⣬ƺҲҲû֪
㵽˭
˼ⴹף˫ϥ֮䣬һɲԼķ˿Ķˡ

֮ûֱͣϳȥ
ѾˣʦܰҲնɱХɽ֣ݺһҲɢ
һҪûǾջս
Ĵ¤ʦĵؽӶ꣬۵ĲƸġЩͶɽˣҲҪ׳൱һֵĲƸʾ⡱
ô£ġ⡱Ҳ൱ˡ
ȻҲǼˣֵܵĲƸʵ̫ףҪײҪ
壬ս˵Щɢ˲ܻȥӽˣ
˼岢ʵ
֪ǲųֿܡ

ǰһˣ
˼˵ţüͷ
ûô򵥵ġԼϳ²ܲ˿ءȻ±նɱˣЩϳ˻ô𣿶ңƸǰ׼ҵĲƸ׵ķʲôˣ߾𣿡
Ҵǰɣܲܺú˵ˣ
˼ûķ˸ۣС˵䣬˺޲
˵Ͳ˵£һ仰ִĲر⣬ûô׹ơЩȥýʡǵĹ򡣡
岻Ϊ

˼⿴壬һĸо֪Ϊʲôһ㶼żԭȻҪЩɢԼɻ
һǹ˭ԣ»ᱻƵ治ףҲʮ꣬Ӧôû뿪Ͼǣôô࣡ڵеңʼûкǬͼһˣҪȻҲǵñ
˼
ⷭԱߵǬͼУ˶ɫڨڨ˼Ѿͷĺĺ
ҲԼ飬ֲ˼˵
ٺ٣˼⣬ģôһŮôã
ٺЦ
˵⣬ġһ䡰Ůð˼һߣɺ죬򣬳
СӣҶҵϷƤǰɣ
𣡡
һµİϣ˻һæѾӴһǰȥ
ƥ͸ԼԣԽԽϲͨԣһսЩ赲ڷ˵ս󲿷ֶɱˡ
ֻаͻǰоΣգȺڣѰһ϶ɹ˳ȥ
Ǹ߾ѵӪҹϮһΣѾǵڶδΣ֮Уɹӵˡ
ΧΣյʱ򣬰ڸͲģԷֵʩΪ
ʹԽϣ
һ·ɳۣͣ㣬ȫ֮ǰڸϵϳһ̫ߵɽڣͺͺģһûС
դӪկӦоС
˸ϵʱӪկ죬ɱһƬҡɽ˺ɱ¡¡ľӵص״
ã
ۿһĻһɱ˹ȥ䣬ȸֽһһһնȸֽһ͸һ˵˽ȥ
ɸ£л¶ľ壬ˤȥ䳾͵ϣһ
ɱ
󷽣ǬͻͼѣҲӦȻƱѾˣȻʲôս
Ȼɽս˵ĲƸûбߡ
ɱ
ʮꥡǬͼ˼ˣܼʮˣſʸΣƣɽһ㣬Ӫկɱȥ
ˣǻپˣ
ʶˣɱŵûɢһƱҲܣȾȥ
ɽܿˣһӣ޲ԼȣЩɱĹپԶһ㡣
ǰٺˣЩ˻ˡɽˣﹻɱģ
ɽϵѸһɢգʣһЩûвμսģʶǵģ֪ģͳͳв˰㣬Ѹɱ⡣
ɽϵģ˳ͨȥһ޴󡢺صŵ£һȺɽٶ
˳֣һȺ˶סˡȻû뵽پ
һζһȺ˳ȥѸٰɽһա
˵ǡôȺɽ˸ոײţһûӳȥ
Թԣôһţ²߰ǧذɣ
ϸŵµĴţо̾ѡΪ巢֣žȻģһǷǳϳ˻ɫ
ֻɫƶ׵ϺòϣھֻЩսʿװ
վߵؼײ㣬һؼһٽң߰ʮؼס
ź񲻶࣬Ҫ֪ؼײװݣͻзֲӵװսԾ
֣Ҳһ͸
ھֶǱĲˡ
ڴƾؼװĲҲࡣƵľģԤģӾǵĽҲ߰ǧˡ
һֻ˾棬װؼףֲҲᳬˣ
ֵ֪
мУϺõƵսؼ׸Ǹߴ߰ƽһܹ߰ʮ൱ƽˣ
򥣬ʱĶ
Ȼôм仹ҪӹҪ󷨣ѻǲСľˡ
ѵõǣѵð


362 ޴ջ
ԴƵ۹ĸѵһֻ˵װ𣿵ʱ򣬲ֹǮ⡣
ͺȸ֣嵹ؼǣôĴһôߵĲ
ʱϡȱԴǮҲ򲻵
»Ǳﰡ
岻Ҳ֪ЩƷض´˿֮·ʹʳӶġ
ƷԼãЩʹʳȴܹߣ͵͵˵ԼĹȥɼ·ϵ˽½ж
ֻҪ㹻棬ûʲôǲܽ׵ġҲֲϺҶүүϣر⡣
ǿţŷ֣ϺҶǿ»ԶԶ͹ˡ·ϵ˽⣬±֪ĻҪصĶࡣ
Ȼȥ֮󣬽оżŰȥ취ͿסǶӦ൱Ȥ⣬Ҳ֪ͨ󲮺úõĲһˡ
а
ţϾͶ̫ȤˡֻţϾͲˡ
ʱ˿̣ȴ֪뷨ıַ졣
ıֱǱѻɽʲôӡӡͭǮŶֻ觡顢ɺһѻɽ
Ǭͻͼۣ˵ˡ
˼һѲƸϣ˷ܵĳ̶Ȱ˶һ
ȻеŮ˶𣿿ƱͻüЦ˷ܲѡ
ţôĲƱ²кüɣ
ΪˣһûжģȻµı⾪һ
Уξټ˸㣬ЩƱٶһǧһǻƽ֮·ϵḷ́Ƿʵ͡һʮɽͶϵĲƱôҲиһǧֻǣЩˡ
ֻʲô֮ģȻ˵ֵô࣬ҵҡ鷳ǿ۵ЩôҲи߰˰ƽ𣡡
ͼ
Ҵģ۽㡣ܶණһ۾ܿļֵⷽ棬Ҳϲϡ
߰˰
˼ӲƸҲͼ־סˡŮȻһԲƸом֪ⶫֵ٣
˼Ҳһ
ʱ֪ԼһȺǷˣ
һջʵ̫ˡ
һжֱϵڱ֪ôı꣬ѵӪѧͷˡ
жóһƽرΪЩ˵ĹپĸǾô
⣬ͻȻ˽
š
˻࿴һۣ˵ͷжģЩϱˡ
ûǣĸˣǾԲôջġĲ˵һСɽկϵɽ͹Ǻһˡ
Ҫһƽǣ˶޻˵
ϾǬͻͼҲһЩԼȳġҴӵȷʵûԡ
Ͱ˵ɡ
Ǭͼ˵
˵ͷڱǽϣ㲻˵ʲôǼ˴ģһЩսҲ㲻ʲô
岢ô䱦ﲢֹһˣĲƱҲȫġ
Ǭͼ˼⡭ԽԼһݾȥȴǿˡ
ֳһĻƽÿսʿֵܹöǧƽѾһʾ޿ˡ
һͨ˼ͥһҲʮƽѣЩЩʿһӳԴˡ

ܿɣ觡ƱеĶۺһǧƽ𣬳ȥЩֻŶҲа˰ٶƽ
ͼĹһ㶼ûд
ΪĹһݷָ壬Ŷʮ
Ǭͼ˼⡢ÿ˷һٶʮƽ𡣻һٶʮָҴ
ʣµҵ觡ֻŶ֮࣬ͼְ𣬾ûƼҵȥ֮Щ
ã塢Ǭͼ˼ƽ֡
˶ûбʾ顣
εж֮Уÿ˶õ档
ȻҲû˵ʲô

壡
ҹĻ٣֣һɽϣңҹյʱһӺ洫
˼⣿
忴Ű˼⣬һ˿ɫ
ôˣ
һ˵ţһվ
ôӭ
˼⽿һۡ
ĸҰ
Ц֡˵Ľ˼ⲻ֪ʱ򣬻Щ˼ɣҶ֡
ԴӾһս֪ıϸ֮󣬰˼㳹û˹˼ɣв
һλǺ
Ķ֡
ߣ⻹ࡣ
˼תΪϲһ˵ţһ˦һöָ״СںĶ
㣡
ʲô
ʶĽоƮƮûһ
õģ·ļзҿһ飬ʺҡ콻㣬ʱ̫ˣǬڣ̫㡣
˼ⵯ˵֣һôӵ
ȴ͵ĵһ£ͷŷǵĹâһۣһĲ˿ɴֻᱡһ㡣
ɴľֻһС֦ϸ͸ɴ忴ϸСī
һĴ򿪣忴˾׵ļС׭֣
¹

һ£ʶĿͷȴ˼ѾƲһߣ¶һ֬𩾱Ǳָ̱̰ḧ޵˿ƺ΢΢ЩȻ
֪ǲǴҹɫӰо˼˫ƺЩ졣
Ϊʲôʵ㲻ңҲ˵ġ
žɴ
֪
˼һ£͵ŤͷһĲ˼顣
ϻֲɵӡµ¹û޵¯ĵزûɣѶ߲Źˡοһͷȥ
巭˸ۡ
쵰
˼ֱţݺݵĵһۣȾߡ
Сӣ֪Ͳˡ
ԶԶĻ˼ⷢ
Ǻǣ
Цڰ˼ʧЦȴʧˡ
Ű˼ʧķб仯̾ϢһջĿ⡣
ɵӣ˼Щ˼ϹӶóֺοڣһδȴȥóȻܡ

һҹ
ȵʱ֣ڵ˳͢Ÿ롣ʵʱ򣬸ûзɻأ͢Ǳ߾͸оԾˡ
ЩŹ𻷵ĸڴָ֮󣬰չӦ÷ɻȥġӦóֵŸȴûзɻȥһǱߵע⡣
һĸӣƽĲһ
ֻϹָǿԻͨŵġ͢Ǳ߿ԷϢҲͬԷϢȥ
ֻһ㣬Ϳ֤͢ǱȷʵѾע⵽
ٶȺܿ죬ŸݣܿһŹȫһһд˹ȥ
һ׶Σڶ׶εжѾɣǽж͢ﻹûд˾Ҳ֪Ӧô졣
ЩҪ͢Ǳߵ֪ͨ


363 ׶ε
ꥰߵ㱨ȥ֮һŸĺܿ죬Լʱ֮˾յ˱Ļظ
ǳ֪͢ģߴ߰ٵɽǱ߶һ
ߴʮ˵ҲǱ߳Ĭ˺ܾá
԰ʮ˶Կ߰ٵɽˣл൱侳ˡɽỹһĴ
ʮ˻Ҫȫûɡ
ʣǱߵ˺ܴ⡣
Ȼ鱨£ֻʮ˵Ĵۣնɱ˽ˣɱ˷¡ܰĳɼǱ߶еԾˡ
񣬱ĸҪÿʧܳˡʮ˵ѾԶԶ׼
Ƿڵڶ׶Σڱ鱨⣬ͬʱ¡ܰҲѾԱǱ߸Ľǣ
ڵڶ׶׷вμж˼ǻսһպ˽֮󣬽پۻķ롣
⣬ǱѾٶսʿʬ˵һɰսɳսʿаᡢ
̫ˣ
͢ĻظǬͼꥶһ˷ܡ
жǬͻͼ˶ʮˣΥжĹء
һ·ϣ쵽ڣﶼŵġ
ڣ͢ʾ׷ڳ˿
͢ǱսǬԳ֡
ӵмϹս
ľоųɾŵӵעսԵ˻ûսȴѾսһΪɺصġ
ֻһ㣬˽ͻȾʦӵܸ߳ܶࡣ
Сһ㣬ۻǷǳ˵ġ
򵥵ӣһشʤһ鳤һʲͬμսȵս˵˭Ĺ͸
һƣѩǻԽԽġ
һ㣬Ͼӵûв׵ġ
ꥡ
սֵܹܵսɳĴ͸ο˵ġ
һ㣬Ǭͼǲͬġ
Ҳиˣ
忴һĻҲοǱ߲ͬ⣬ͨʹ󲮵Ĺϵٳ飬ڿǲˡ
Ȼ˥䣬Ǿ֮УǱһƬ
Ǭͼǽ׼ȥؾʦǼ
ʱͻȻڵһ˵ţһǰ
ɽ϶ʱһƬĬ
ṩѡ
һ֣׶εѾɣҴѾնɱ࣬ԱԸ⣬ؾǣε
ڶ֣ڳ͢ʽϾʱ鲻¤ؽ磬ֱȱ貹Ա
Ը⣬ԼǰУִе׶ε񣬰͢һ˹˵ľӡ
ΪǺսһΣնȣ˽Ĵ֮ϡ
бĽǣԭϲ˲μӡ
˲μӵĻ͢Ľǣδ˴ѵӪҵʽӣͳʿһ
壬أؾʦǼ׶ε񣿡
Ǭû˵Լѡ񣬷塣
Ǭһ䣬ͼ˼ⶼ׷塣
֮£ȻϴҶû˵У˶γΨհĬ
ң
ܵ˵Ŀ⣬һָָԼЦЦ˼
ǻʣȻǼμӵ׶ε񡣡
ⷭ˵նһİޱǿţ鲻ԽΪ֮ŷ
ȻźѾ˵׶ε񣬻ڵڶ׶֮ϣǶ˵ȴ׵ġ
ʮ߰٣
׶ҲԲֽӽʮ࣬Ҳӵ¹ǹ룬ƾһ֮Ťתսֵı̬
ֻҪ
Ǿս˹˵ԼһҪ࣬嶼Ǻ⡣
սսս˵ʵ̫ɲˡ
һ㣬ͱ֪ǽȻͬġ
˵ͨﻹȷᵽһǳȤĽ
һɹ˽ѵӪҵ֮󣬿Խͳ˧һı
һ֪˻࣬󲿷˶൱ʡȴϤˡ
һӵܵ⽱
δĽ֡һӵܳͶءѸٽĽݾ
ͳ͢ǲθġֻӵܣԼӼѡ
Ŀģӳ͢棬ǿԽʡõʳ졢ͬʱҵҴЩ֣׳ʵ
һõ飡
ӵ˵ȻҪԼɸ֣죬ҵʵȫ⡣
ɼһӾ󣬰ȫһ㱣ϣͬʱмֽսǹԼ
پͻӺܶࡣ
֮õʿ
ȳ͢ʿԼҪǿˣ
δ˵һҡ͢˫⣬ڹ𢶼ߡҪȨɲס
ΪͳһĻᣬ֪ҴͷĻᡣ
û⣬⻹һ
ôŹֻᡣ
ǾͼˡȻμӣȻҲǲμˡ
ǬһЦ˾
ٺ٣ֺ£ȻҲҪһ
ͼЦһҲԼ̬ȡ
塢ǬͼĿһתʱ˰˼⡣ڻûб̬ȵģֻʣһ˼⡣
ߣҵȻǸˣ
˼֣ŵĲ˹޵˿Ҳ
ԴӸСӣûгԹ⼸ĻƽǼЩ岮Ƕۺ졣ôִе׶ε񣬿϶ʲôôֺ£ò˦Ұɣ
˵ƳһۣĿǲơ
ĸҰ
Ц̯֡˼˼άǹ򵥡ֱֱӡһ㻹˵ˡ

ԼҲǳԱû¸ɣȻͼȥִе׶ġһ˵
Ů˵ֱǿ°
ǺǣҡȥǾȥЩˣʽ֮ǰԶûϢһ˵ġԷΪְǻȥҲһᱻġ
Լˣ˰֣ǰǰѻ˵˳
͢Ļûᵽǵѡ񡣺ʣʵѾ˵⡣
⻰ûκα顣ꥵĻشȻˡΪ֪𰸣Ըûʡ
ֻа˼һ˿̵ɫ
һͬʹ࣬˼ϲȥˡһܹ뿪ҲǺ¡
ꥵĻ˵ˡ
Դˣ˼Ҳֻ̾Ϣһ
ܿͳһ
塢Ǭͼ˼⡢ꥣӽʮҴĴһȺִҴ·¤ؽȥ
һΣսˣ


364 㣡
ǰһˣͬʱҲһ㣬סսԵõ䡣֮ǰʧЩսǶõ䡣Ҳ
Ⱥɽ࣬ٵϣУξһ߳۳ңһ߶塢Ǭ˵
һ·ϣĵʵս⡣Χʱ˵սǱɱ˲١
ܰʱЩսЩ˵ʱġ
Ǿеս˵ǽȻͬġǰܹϸѵʿͨڵľѪ羭ر赼Աʿս⻷ͨһķӳʿ⻷á
Ӷ̶ȵķ
˵ƥûоһѵһʹΪѷɫƽʱƥƵ¹ɽ֮ĻǿԵġ
ҪμֶԸ˹սûսǾԲеġ
Ҳ˹עĽ㡣
ˣ
ѵĹٵǰһ·˵˵ЦЦԼʮ֮ڣڿ˵׶㡣
һٷվ䱸ɭϣĲأһϣž״Ĺ⻷ȫ侳Ĺ⻷
վ棬һͷʿҡ
Զֹĸ
忴ǰͻȻЦ
ǬͼͰ˼ҲǱֵֹġ棬вٶᣬҹӴѵӪѧ
һֽֹټĸǰΧټģִѧٹˡ
ǵһ£
˼ͻȻһû˷Ӧһݣǰ˹ȥ
ţ
彣üԾ֣ܿͿ˼ס˹һͬޣɫ˿˼ĺŮӡ
ԭ˾ʶ
üͷչȻ
˼ŮһһҲ֪˵ʲôҲƬ̵Ĺ򣬰˼ֺŮӲ˹
ͮǬͼҺͻƼҶǾʦĴ壬ûҲӦ˵СӡǸ塣
˼˵һҧгݵģ
Ҳ֪˼˵ʲô塱֣Ůӵһ˿ȵɫ̲סһۡ
⣬ˡλͮԼҵͮǲ˵֪ɣ
˼ܵ
ԭͮС㣡
Ǭͻͼ΢΢ݣǰŮһһɫֻһãȻɫ
ͮ
֪ŮӵˣΪʲô˼һǾ͸֪ӣ
ѹû֪
Լҵǹܸ֪ɣ
ͼ΢΢ббӣɫѹС
ǹ
Խãˡǲǲ
㲻֪ɣ
ͼһ顣

˵ĺұ֪һ
㲻֪ǹҦҦܸ֪ɣ
һ֪ҵǬҲȥˡȻھʦǵ֮ͷʶͼʶ˲ҹά
ҲһΡ
ϱһֱǺκ𩡢Щһ죬ǬЩҵӻ嵱ʱ߲ʵĵȼ֪ôࡣ
֪
ͷ
ҦҵүȻֻҦ磬ִҦӡҦһɲʲô˶ϡ塣
෴˶ʢС
Ҧүӵʲô岮ֶȫھ棬ҦүôҲʢĺܡ
ҦܾҦӵܡүүҦүֵܣҦҡҦĹϵǺܽˡ
Ҧ壬ҦܵҪҦߵö࣬Ѿ̤侳еˡ
ȻҦͻʱͻȻѪ֢ҪҦܼʱ֣ҦһƴֵҦͱ˴ˡ
ȻһҲˣڶѪ֢ʵǵµֵҦܵʵҪ֪
Ҧڵʱ򣬿ԼҵǹҪߣ֪жˣ
Ǭͷſڵ
ڵҦѾɽȥˣھʦҹ沢ʲôܡ
ɽļӳ֣Ҧδʵ֪
ھʦʱҦܻ治ǰλǹĶֹ֡ΪǰŮʵǿΪԼһһרŮӵġǻǹмУʵ߼Ķס
ҦߣǺͿˡ
ǲ֪Ǭʲô
ǰŮӾȻѹҦܣΪ⡣һλʵѷɫ˼һĽɫ
˵𣿡
ͮһֱȵ˵˲ŲڽЦ΢΢ǰ㣬һ˫촽ѩ׵ļķۣͬһȼյһ㡣
ǬͼɫڨڨϽŤͷȥˣǰһλʵ˿ѷɫڰ˼⡣
˵潻ͷӶСù
ߣ
˼⿴˵̬ĺһЩˣǿŮ˾ƲĿĻ
ƤЩܿͻָ
ô£
忪ڵ
£˼ɫÿһۡѵӪϵĹ۽йɲһȺͷ㣬ɫڻġ
ͮıߡ˵ɡ
˼һԵĺŮӵ
š
ͮ˵ͷŰߵ˽
ԭѵӪִԶֹǼݴҵ书ΪѵӪʱѾ˲μӻˡ
ͮǾǱвμġ
ȻݲͬΣҲܴͬΪʧֹ࣬ͻѵӪȥˡ
ֻͮΪʵǿʧֲࡣԽӵ֮󣬾иϹμ˳͢Χ
߲֪һӵ˺ܶ࣬ΧЩƵؽ˹ؾӵġ
¤˹ظԭսһЩ˹ʿɢ䣬ܵ¤
ǶĵθϤתתȥԽתԽԶ
Ǵ˹ظԭ¤ı߽磬ܵҲǰδе¡
ֻε˹ؾʵ࣬Լֻңսرǿһ·Χ׷½أһ·ܵǱа˰ٶˣȫǾǸǵĶ֡˵ľһ棬ˣֱӾɢˡ
ҲμĴжÿζɢˡ˶ʮˡѾٵġмѵӪѧֱӾսսϣȫû
û⣬μεжҾ׼ظѵӪˡ
ͮ˵һͷĻͷǳɥӡʦｾǹĴͷɥֵ֪
ǬͼԶ
֪񲻻ףǹδ˵Ҳ̫ˡ˰˵򲻹ٸ˹صսʿսҲδ̫˰ɣ
֪Ϊʲôôѹ˰ɣΪ˶Ըֻ˹˵ľӣ͢Ǳ߸˺ܴĴ̶ۡʱڣѾ˺òԱˡû⣬Ӧһˡ
ڳ͢Խõ䣬Ҫʮ֮ˡǸʱӦҲҪʧܣظˡ
˼ˣɫص


365 ƣ
еϢ˼ⶼѾǰ֪ͮˡģȫսսġ
׶ε񣬿ɲô򵥡ֵʵеĻҪǿĺܡ
ڣеЩ˹ˣĶװףֵĹǶûáҪرСġ
ͮͻȻ
εʵڲܴϣ˼⣬ʵھ׼ظˡ
ֻΪ˳ԿԲʱ˵ٲμһιߡ
װףǸӲô򣿡
Ǭüͷĸе֡
ֻ˹˵ʲôսҲ̫˰ɣ
ͼҲ𺳡
ƵԸһֱսƵģְ˰˹ؾ˴ֱܵ
˹ص۹ں񣬴װףʿȫؼװڡֻд󶷾ܶԸǡͨǵĶֵġ
ڴʱһֱûô˵ͻȻڵ˵ע⡣
ͮһĲ졣ֻӽսôö֪ʲôŸûǣȻ֪ǵ
㣬ǵϣǲ׷϶ϵһСֲڵĺ첼
嶼ʣ֪ͮôġ
ô֪ģ
ͮھȡ
˵һûЩ˹ؾȷʵϵһС첼ΪڼƬ棬ϲƬСϸעⲻֻΪ¡
ͮŮϸԲע⵽㡣
ŸյȻܵ㣬ʵ˾ȡ
˼˵СӷǳͮǺšڣͻȻЩˡ
СӣҲδ̫˵ɣ
ǺǣֻҪ֪֪ˡ
嵭ȴûֱӻشΪĴ±Ԫ˧Ҫ˹ص۹ıúͱɶ֪Ǿˡ
Щȴ˵
Сӣеק
ͮݺƳһ塣ǹǰôŵ˵ֻҪ֪֪ˡģ廹ǵһ
ͮҲòϣСȷʵ򵥡
ں˹شϤŵ߹»¡Ϥŵ߹»ʹ󽫾溲֥󶼻ثĴڣξһϽ£нֹ˹ຣײ뿪˹ظԭ½ֻںԵˡ
üͷֳ˼
˼⡢ͮǬͼͱ³һ˹ص۹Ūˡ
ʱЩʶ۽ˣ˵Ķ˵Ȼ󼰵Ķһ۾ãȻӡ
ͮӣ˵ˡ
ǣ
忴˵ı飬ҡͷЦЦס˻ͷ˹ظԭ죬ʹ֮١
ֹͮǣƣ¶˽
ֻ֮Ҫֻ֪ӳﲻˡ
ЦЦ򵥵

һȺ˳һô٩٩̸ʱʵǺΧ֡Һܰ׳գʲôμ穸о
ѹܴ󰡣
´α˵ôˡ
˼һۣԹӣԼܰ׳յĸо
֪ˡ
ʼ磬û档
˲һͮȤζĴ壬ӡϾû˲ֵ֪ˡ
ڼ֮ǰͮĺܶˡ˵кܶƣĳɷݡ
ʼͮʵǲΪġ
Ӵ֮ͮŷԼ˽ĻҪȤĶࡣʲôںʲôϤŵʲô»ţԼǰԼ϶Ϊں˵˵
塭
֪ΪʲôǾ˵ģȫˡ
ȴ֪ͮʲôѯ˺֧ܶ˹ؾӵϸڡ
ͮһһ
ˣЩ˹ؾӽսʱһһֵ顣кܶЩ˹˾лͻΧģһֱһɽ׼ȷ˵һ·϶ɽ
һȺ˾ôɽϣҲܡǸĻᣬԴԴϵĵӣΧǡмΣҶҪˡֻҪǻʤ֮󣬳ֱ룬ǶסǸͲôʧʵ̫Źˡ
ܣҲǽսΣҶ㲻ʲôĿˣ
ͮͻȻ뵽ʲôü
Ⱥ˹˽սԽãԽǹŹ֡ȻΪһսѵӪѧò˼ôս⡣
ͮԽԽ֡
֮ʵڲһֻ˹ؾӵΪκξӶЩĿĵġ֧ȫͷԡ
ǺǣǾˡǲӣ߲ǲܽûĸ߿ˡ
ͮĻֻǵȻһЦΪ⡣ͮǻ֧˹ؾǿĲ˼飬ȫǲսʤһ
Ƕ˵˹˵ľǰûܡֻܵ¤߽˹ؾӣֻһַֻӴܶѡ
ⲢƲ֧˹˵ľӣʵˡֻͮǲ֪ѡ

ͮԾĿ塣Ҳһ˵ѣû뵽Ȼһ֪𰸵ӡ
壬֪
˼⡢ǬͼҲһ⡣
ͮⶼһֻǿ˹ؾӡıȴȫˡ
̫çײˡ֪Ϊʲô˰˵Ĵ򲻹˵˹˾𣿲ǵʵ̫ǿҲǵʵ̫ǲӦѡɽ¸ǽս

˹Ǹԭʹе˹˳ڸԭԵĵطʹƽսǵﳤĵƣѾһ޵еɽ³սֻҪΧɽµĵƵΣ˹˾ܷӳٷ֮ʮս
Ǹ纲µĴ󶷾˹ˣıܹڸµش˹˽սҪôڸ£¤شҪôֱ룬˹ظԭڸԭƽϽս
ɽ£ɽ˹ｻսȫǽԼ˹Ѱ·
嵭һͮսܣʧصԭڡɽµش˹˽սҲֻǲó
ֵƵ£ܹӮŹˡ˰˵ľ˵˹棬˲˹ˡ
ǿʢȻʱ¶˹ظԭԵεش˹˽սʱҪصĴۡ
ֵס˹˳棬ҪƵ
忴ǸָսľȫǸͿȻ˽˹ս⣬ʣⲻǸʵָӹ١


366 ¤󶷾
ͮ˶סˡ
ÿҲ֪Լɫ˿һ԰ȡͮǽģͬʱҲǿģҪȻҲǹ
Χ˹ˣһֱΪǶʵ̫ǿȴû뵽Լ̫ˣȻôصĴ
Ļڽͮ˵Ǹ
촽ţҪ˵ʲôȴһ仰˵
⣬֮Բ뿪ɽ壬䣬߳ʤ׷Ҳʴȣ߲֪ʱսΪǲܣҲ뿪
֪Ϊʲôһٶˣһٶˣٶˣİ٣ٶΪ˹˵ֻҪﵽﵽˣ⻷𵴣ܽɳıݹ⻷ټװ׵ãǵĹѶʵʵ˺
ôೡսʧءһ˵˹˼ûôʧǿһӵ˹Եرǿ󣬽ڲսʤ
һϯͮ˵һɲǣͮѾɫ԰ˣǲҰ׺Ѫɫ
Ͳ֪ԼôصĴ
Ҫ˵ƣһֱѵӪ֪Լжʧܵ
ʵֺֹͮǰ˼⡢ǬͼҲͱĻ𶯵˵
廹ûпЩǿ˹ֻƾͮѾųЩ˹ʵ
˵ȫǲġ
Ǿ飬Ҳɾ
ǲ˼飬дԣڶʹ¼ҵһһʵɴһ֣һƶʱԹʵһδʦˣ˼ʶУȻүӹ˼ڿ¹Ȼˣ
Ҳ
ǬĲӰипѡʱ򣬻Цƽ֮ӣҲǲѡ
һ¼ε˹¼ܹνӴǬе뷨֪ת䣬Ҳ֪ĳ־
ֻһ̣ǬԼ˭Ҳ֪
һ࣬ͼҲתƺ˼ӡԼ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ǰ˼⣬٩٩̸ӳⷽٵӣϲáԺɫ
˹һ뿪ɽ壬ƽԭشһȻһܵ٣ǳݹ⻷ЧӦȻơûֹ⻷ıӣֻӵսԴ¤½Ͼ·һǲԭ򡣲ǲ֪лɳãǸȥá
Ŀѩǡһǿޱȣսʤ˹ؾӣͱɢصĹ⻷ƽޱȡ
ʱû˵ƣͬһֶͮоǲսʤ񻰴һ㡣
Уֻһֻ˹ؾӶѡǿӹɵģǻԶԶûдﵽսʤĵز
һֻķˣ˳ʧȥɡһ̵ͮ䵽˹ȵף˼ⶼЩˡ
ˣ˵ôֲͮĴֻѵӪѧѣֲʽӵľ٣֪ˣͮЩ˶һ
˼ԹţϽοԼҵĹۡ
ѵӪͮǵ͵۸߹ǹҲǰ׽еġˡ
еĽȵ͡
ǺǣȻˣ˼˵ҲûָӹٵĴһսѵӪѧûָȨսʧҲ鲻ͷϡ
εЦЦȻ˼һ٣˵Ҳ
˵һͨǶ˹ɲǵΪ˴ָͮٵԼ׶εô
֮ͮŮܴȴı⡣
Ȼ֪ô˵ҲаοԼ˼ͮжٺùһ㣬Ҳ˵ɡ
߰ɣϽȥӡҪȻȵʱ򣬽ƾʮǸʲôҲ˵ġ

û˷ԡ
һ·䣬иĹ֡˽Լƣһһ֤֮󣬾ͼһԲǿΪľ١
˴ʽĺɫؼףòϡرۼϣһɫǣ߸ɫСǵͼݣ
󶷾٣һǶξΣȻǸ߼ξͼ֣Ѿ൱ľ˵ġ
󶷾ľ¤ؽ磬ӵзǷȨ
ǾǻǼѧ
ԲĴ󶷾ɫϣϵıź̧ͷƳһۡһۣȴֶķΣ͸ĸо
ǣˣ
Ǭڵ
һԾ壬ʱȴ쳣͵촽գһ仰˵
ܹ˵ǵʵǱΧΧ˵ǵǻ
󶷾ǰ滹ˣǺĻ˵Ǭһ
˽ѵǣԺǻעġ
ǬϽ
󶷾û˵Ĭޱ飬Ŀ⻺ĴӹĿӹʱƺͣһ¡
пһܿ죬󶷾ٵĿ˹ȥǬϣһЩ⣬Ǻصġ
Ǭһһ
ˣˡǿԳȥˡ˹䣬ߵդиУξһıԱȥﲹԱɣ
󶷾ڻ˻֡
ǣˡ
Ǭɴ뷡
֮չжʱһӵ˭Υ뿪ʱãϳͲ
źˣ󶷾
˵ʲôæӦǣȻѸ뿪˹䡣
Сӣô£Ǻ𣿸ոôһ仰˵
˹䣬˼ͻȻڵ
ڹıֱֺӣȫ磬ʵЩ֡
ʹ󶷾ЩڶѣҶ˵
Ц
ڣ
˼һ
ˣȷʵЩСڡֳϣҲȷʵʺ϶˵
Ǭڣڰ˼ߵＸ䡣˼۾ʱҲӦ˹
溲
˵ͷȴǿЦִһֱǬͼ˼˵ݣǵΪϷŪǡ
ڶʹ¼һˣоͰ¤󶷾ͳ˧溲һ¼纲Ϊ׵ļҪնɱĵ۹֮һ
˿֮·ضҪ¤¤Ǹ溲ĵؽ硣
岻ԼҲһĹ˼ɡҪȻԸ溲ֻҪ㶯ָûִС
һҲͰˣƫƫĵ⻷ֻɹʧܣ
֮ǰ岻Ը
ԭˣ
˼׹ʱٶ˵ˡ²òͷҵٴ󣬵¤Ǹ溲ĵ̣ҵܲ
ӹȥҵǴ󶷾Уξһֻ˼ιΣ˱Ĳ䡣
УξﲹʮĴָֻ˰ʮ˵ıơһƬ
˶ΪպĴս׼


367 ɽϵ˹
ơͦεɽ֮ȥͬĲһ㣬ɽµʹ
ʱ˿̣ȫС泤ľվɽϣһĻ¶ֱۡͻԵĸԭ죬ǵݡ
˹صľˡ
糿ʱҶҲ͸һɵסվɽۣȴ˿
ǵڶʮ˰ɣ
һüëŨܣĿӥǹ˵˹ؾٵĿɽ£ͷҲת
šʵǲˡ
شһ٣ֻܸоһɳԵζ˹ĶСձȺҪͣǾˣ˹ȴǼ׺
ƺ˹ս꣬һֱ˹زûԭġ˹صĸߺιȻһ棬Ҫǣ˹͡ʵǳġ
һ·ûʲôĵֵܹвǵģһûС󽫾½̽Ƶʵڿ˸溲Ĵ󶷾Ƶ½ûжܹвǵıˡ
ڶ˹ؾ˵ţ¶һĲм
ô˹һֱΪƽĴУвȴû뵽˹һֱнʵʱ򣬴ڲȴѸƽ䣬ˡ
˵ľӾܴĵһ˿壿
˹Ǿĵ˵ġǴƣȴʧȥǵء
š̽Ĵƣܹɳ֧顣һ֧ǣһֻǴӺͶç֧ˡǿ̽Ƶ½ǿ̽ƵľʦΣǵѾˡٹʱͿԻȥˡǲ֪Ǳôˣ
һüëŨܣӥǹ˵˹ؾٵ
٣жç֧ڣûʲô⣿
ڶ˹ؾٵ
ǣ
һüëŨܵ˹ؾҲЦç֧ǿǸԭϵӥ۹Ĵ󽫣ȻȲϴ󽫾Ϥŵ߹»ˣҲǵ۹Źɡ
ڣȻûʲô⡣
̽ɽµǸƹƺټһӡټϣɱⲦͿʼ̰
һɽ£ж¶̺򼴽ɱ¾˷ܵĹâ

ֶɫï´£¶һ˫˫׺̵Ŀһƥƥļ
һеһ漴û
˹˵ľҲʧˡ
һеĺۼʧӰ٣֮⣬жܹ񣬾Ƭ½ɽ֮УȻһ˹˵ľš

ô𣿡
ڣ忪ʵ
ڹڵʱ䣬嶼쳣ĵ͵е鱨ȥΪ
ˣжʮѧλ󶷾Ķξֵİٵ⣬һ鵽ֵһضܡǸ߶ȴﵽ߰˳ߵܡҸᣬСĴһӣЩ棬ҵ˱ǵı־
ӦǴ󶷾רõĶλξָӹٴӴ󶷾רŵԸЩ˹ġ
ͮ
ĺ磬Ϥע⣬˴̽鱨дļϡ
İܣԸ˹Ǵ󶷾Ը˹˵ĳð취Ρ󶷾Ķξ뵽һУ̫٣һָӹǿȻǶԸ˹˵ĺ÷ϧȴǸ溲
ҡҡͷ
¤еĴ󶷾ʿԸ溲Ӱ졣Ǹߣҹ¤÷зھʦš
ҥģǴ󶷾ˣȴ¤İա֪溲¤жߡ
Ҳѡ͵ԭ
ڵǸ󶷾ξܸ溲Ӱ졣ֹµ׶ˣضֹܵǸ溲ڶԸ˹µİ취
˹ظԭԵƶµش˹ˣûа취Ҫս㲻ѵ溲Żʹð취
£ڣ溲ǾܹЩضκ˹˽ս
󶷾ĶξȻܸ溲Ӱ죬ȴֻõƤë
вһ̾
ô죿
ͮһֱ壬鲻ԣһɫ
ǹھʦҲǽüŵŮܣЩҴĹҲ벻ķۡ
һΣλŮӢǱˣȫʧȥǰӡ
˹ϣͮƴӣʮŷⲢԼչֳȷʵ֮ϣ
ҲдСȻƾЩܲõסЩ˹ǿҵļƻʵСʱа취㣬ҵЩҵ𣿡
ʵ
˼⡢ǬͼͮټԼܹҲһٸЩԸٶ˹ػǲ廹ҪʵԼļƻ
Խ࣬սʱ˲ŻԽ٣
˹صɲЩⷬҪǿĶࡣҪǿĶࡣ
ڶ׶εʮ˵ıʮȫ֮١
ڵоôԵƲȥãҪȥʤ࣬˵Ǽ޴ġ
٣ķ
ҵʶˣԴεָӹٺͬǴ󶷾ˡңж֮ǰѾȣ˶ӵж֮˲Ǵʱá
󶷾нֹǿЦġǶй˼ɡ
ͮ
ƾǹӣٵˡ¤һλ۹󽫾ĵ̣Υ;Ǻصġ
ǺǣͲõˡҪλξ׷һеͿˡ
嵭ȻһЦ˿Ϊ⡣
ǡ
ͮü˵ʲôһ̣ͫһҲ˵ȥˡΪȡһλΡ飬зơ
Ȼֶ
ͮ壬۾
ȻֶĻһж⡣ξˣ¶޻˵ҷĻȰǣֻҪֶ֪ԲƳ١
Ǻǣȥɡ
ЦЦ°˻ȥ
µƱ˵һСС󶷾ξ󶷾ĽϽҲһö
ϾɲֹǴƵô򵥡
ͬǴƱ£
ЩƵĲ֪ǩģٴжһٳɵġ
λ¿ǵ͵սɣ
ھܸߡ
Ǹ֥֪жһٳɣ͵ġںڡеһ飬Ķ󶼻󽫾ǣòЩ
Ҫ¹羪溲λ۹󽫾ע⣬𲻱Ҫ鷳ָȨԼĲȥΧɽϵ˹ؾˡ


368 ׽ó
ͮЧȷʵܸߣƾǹƵͮܿѵӪѧ
Щ˻ǺǬͼҲ䲻ҪǱ󽫾溲ʵ̫ʢ治һסǡ
˵ļ룬ͮԼıˣѾۼ200Ĵ
Ǻܶ࣬ϱξָӹİٲսʿԼٶѾ㹻ִеļƻˡ
ʵϣƾѾĽɽ˹ؾӳ׳ɢˡ

һɽͰεضɽƣɽ£ʮıһʮݶʮֿŮɽ͡
ɽǷǳģ͵䣬Ҵң续һ㡣һ뵽ɽϾͲɱڣ׺쳣˹˭ûɽ顣
ƺܶѹɽ˹ֻҪʱǻϾֻаѡңյ̻Щ˹˿¶ɽѾǳ˽⡣ЩŸոչڷǶ˽ˣ
˵ģһʮһҵ꣬һԳӢ䣬һһҲӵܵķ緶š
˽зӢͮļѵӪѧ֮һͮһѵӪģ֮ͮǰʶ
ͮһμ˼ж˹ɱôܿ䣬һλǱͮ˺ͮʶ
αҪˣǾҵƣ
Ȼͱճܶ࣬ǷӢ˵ʱ򣬷ǳ壬û˶ӣ൱ء
ǷҲҴ壬ǾұúԶ
ӵ֮򽻵Ǵġ
ڵϾУ죬˭֪һλȻףþŹʥϳ谮Ҫ̳Ӱ²ġ
λҵδ̳ǰٴҲû˿塣
Ҳû취£˹˹治Ҳûа취ȥĻ̫ˣûã׾ͱɱҪǶһ㣬˹˴жӳɱɢװ׶
һѵӪѧҲ͵ԵúΡ
ɽϵ˹ھһӲͷвߣƫƫӡ
󶷾Ǳֳ鲻֣صȫѹϡ
ӿʼڣѾкüμѵӪѧˡսıǲ֪١
òųȥˡ
ϣ˫Žɽ棬С˵һһԾĸһǿţʶĺԵʵᡣ
֪֪˲ܰսʤ
κսҪ˽ľĶ֣սĵص㡣һ˽̽ĵεġ
˽ĵεƣָƣȻʵİš
Ŀ⻺ɨΰɽͣԼΧȺԼĵƣ岻׾ĵ˵ͷ
ˣ͵ɣĴսѾ֪ôˣ

ô죿
Ļ˶סˡ˵Ҫ̽սĵص˲ŴģҹҲŸոûðɣ
ոսӴķӢ˶ЩǳӦ
ˣ˵˾ǿˡˣ
˼ʱڵ
Ǵʱģһ飬˶ǳ˽⡣֪˵˾ǿˡ
ⷽǾԲ˵ѵġ
Ȼ˼ⶼ˵ˣȻûˡ
ͮҲԱ߰ǻ
ǰ׼ھ׹ǹ⣬˳˵ţȻôʱ죬Ҿս׼
ӹȻֲܵʥĴսһӵľǡ
Ӣڵ
Ǻǣս£һҪ鷳ҡ鲻ļƻ޷չ
忪ڵ
ⷭ˵⡣
˵ʲôҪϵģһȫϣ
Ӣ
ͮҲͷ漰Ĵսϵ˵ⲻǶϷ˶֣ضԴ
ЦЦѽ˵˳
ܰɣ
˵Ļͮһľȣ
Ǹ˹˽սôΣûзֹЩеĻһֵᷢġ
ӢҲüͷȻͮһⷽҲûһķ֡
ģ˹Ȼ¤ϤȴǱһôġֻûзֶѡ
΢΢Ц
ǺðɣȻô˵ˣǡϣܹǡ
ͮ
ǰһ˵֮ԱǣڣСֻʮ꣬ԼСϺܶӵܡ
˼⣬ǬͼҲһжɡ
ŤͷŰ˼˵
š
˶˵ͷǳէ㸽ĵεһ㶼˽⡣ⷽ棬ֻǴԸǡ
һжĲáȫɢȥһŴֲ˹ΧһƬ֡

ʱ䲻֪Ĺȥ絽磬ٵ磬ͷбΧٸѲȻ
壬᲻̫Сˡ˹˵ʵԶԶǿǣĴδսѹʽģ£бҪɳ𣿡
դ⣬ƥսһ𣬻ǰ˼Ȱ಻סڵ
壬ʵϣѾȥˡΧûзһ˹˵ĳ
˹˺ԭ˲̫һ֣ûֲܻᷢˡ
ߣ˹˵ĳϵʱŻ죿Ҳ˵ˣʵɽ
ͮҲ̽ŵһί˵
ţڹΧôãͷӢѹûзֹһ˹س
ҲǲŻôˣֻ֮һЦᵱ¡
İɡǻģҹ۲ˣĵΣʪǻ糿֮ǰʹ㣬ν˹˼Ǽɽ׵ʱ򣬼ʱ
糿ɽܵڣɽϷҲûг죬ǲ֪ôġ
͸˵˹ֻǲϤƵĵΣȴǱδУȱݸжģǳܴƻԲܲɳģǳʶ
嵭ȻȻᣬȴɡ
Ѳ˹سǼΪ˴ѹǡ֪֪˲ܰսʤ
Щ˹سĴεеܶᱻ̽һ
Ż˵һļƻûչ
Χţһ仰˵
رͮ˴ľ
ǰʱ֪ͮ޲ԣ޲ôҲû뵽ʵЩ޹ؽҪĶȻйء
ֻȥתһȦȻ͵óôĽۡͮӴ֮Ůһ仰˵


369 ĺӧǹ
˼Щͬͮ
ͮڵĸоΪָоԼܱĸоǰҲ
Ҫ֪֮ǰΧʱЩӵƵġ
ʱֻΪˣû뵽ȻЩΪµıš
鼴˺ܾãӡ̡
ͮһǣϾй֮һһߵΣգѾϰϱֵ֡
ͮȻǵһξ
ˣ̫ͮࡣֻҪ룬¤ĸ溲ĸ֥ķ춼ñףҪɱö츲ظҲϰˡ
˼ͮļ
ԼҵǹھҲ쵱֪Ҵ̳ǰ۸ڶ뷨ۡ
ϣȴα
˼ⶼЩɣԼѸս㣬Ͱܹͮǲȷˡ
ˣȻ˵ˣˡ
ǰ˼˵ǷЧЩ˵ġͮٺһ㡣
һ䣬ɢٴΡɻȥˡ
Ȼɢʱûע⵽һ˫Ұԣԣɱ¾۾עһУĿ⴦ҪĹ䡣
Χǹָ䱸ɭϣΧиټѵӪѧӡ
Ȼûκһע⵽Ӱ
κ˵ǴݲȡΪ⴦طѾǵһˡ
ΧĲãÿһڱֲʲôʱ򻻸ڣָӪжٸ֣еȫָƣһ
˺ܾõѵӪѧϤһΣЩһٷ
ûκһ˲
һȺˣߣȵʱǾȫһȺˡûֵܹ˹ص۹Ȼ뵽ɽ¶ԿǣߣһȺ
ӰŲݡ
ⲢһεڼǰʱѾˡûʲôֵرעģһȺİˡ
ʲôʱж˶˶Ѿ̽һЩȴʲôҲ֪ȻΪǴɽĵǹ
ŰɣǽֻһʼڵĴѾǰǸˣȵһ٣̤¤޵ʱ򡣿ЦڻȻ֪
ӰЦ
ĴǼǿģһ˵ľӿʮʮʮĴ
ڵĴûǰĺս䡣
ƽĥ־Ķԭϵľȴĥ³ǿսʿܿ죬ΰĸԭ֮ӥս콫Ʈޡ
ͳ
л뷨Ӱ䣬ϸŶеÿһ佻̸ÿһĵıԹڱĹǷûбŹ
ȥɣ֮
ˣ
и棬ʱӰоͻһֱĳĿעӵĸоӿ
ӰһʶƳһۣĿһֻʮƺԼһۡ
ȻֻһۣĿȴĲ˼顣
Ӱǲ¶ԷɵʱĿܿתƵȥˡ
ƺոһֻۣѡʵϣҲȷʵˣΪѾһµŮ߹ȥˡ
ͮһȣ
Ůӵ֡
ôˣ
Ѿ߳ԶͮعͷһĲ죬ΪʲôͻȻסԼ
ոм˸ˣ
սһУ˹ȥ
ôˣ
ͮعͷһĺ档
ո˸ˣץĿġѲߵķʽıһ¡
Ц
ҲǸոշԼ©һͮӣһ¶ʲôջ
һһդͮķȥ
ˣ
ھһƬȾѪܹˣжʱͫһͻȻŷһɱ
ôĵӣȻҵ
һȣͬ䡣ȾѪܹ˵һɫˡ
䣡
ҲʱһһͻȻ˹
˲ŭԣ
峤ԣһ־ǴɱУ˲ŭԵ˼£󣬰˵ְ˸򣬽μɵΧס
裡
һţڤڤУһֻ˶󡢽׳İɫţΧһȦɫĹ⻷𵴶ŹХ
䣡
ȸֽһ͸ǰ룬ݳͬһʱ䣬ҲƴŰһǿн˳ȥ
ϣ
ս˻ڽ˵ͬʱһԾȥϵɫս⻷չս£ͬһӡ
ס
ûأڵһģأԾذڵıϡ
˵ʵ֮߱ĻҪӦ͹Զһ±Ҫġ
Ǹ˾ȻӲô̵ʱ䣬ӲıܹԼҪƴŽϣǯסĳȻһƽɣΪԼӮܵʱ䡣
ֵ壬м䲻̶һɲʱ䣬ȻѸٽսٶ
֮߼ֱˡ
䣡
һƬң˻ûΪʲôѵӪѧṥԼܿͷôȻڡֻʡܡ
һЩѡȥأһЩãȻվԭأȫ֪ʲô
⴦׶ƽãǰûз
գ
սڣ̳ںܶ˻ʱܵѾ˹Χ
ͼˣȫԾ˵ٶѸƿ
ǰһƬİΧȦѾԽԽˡ˵Ѿ¶һ˿Цݡ
Ȼ֪ʲôȻ˷֣վӳˡ
Ȼ˶࣬վκβ
ߣ
¶һ˿ʤЦݵʱ򣬶ͻȻһŮӵ͵͵ߣ߰мţͬƶ˵Ĳʷ︩еһ㡣
ΪӵûҵĴӦߵ𣿡
˶߲ͣȴ˻һʶĲһǿҵΣոС
Ҫƿȴ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ȻоָˡһȴһƬ䡣
㱼·ʲôžȻԼͷ­
ϣ
ս˻·ɳ۶ǾѪͷʬ壬žԼȻѾˡ
ÿ졭
Ժлͷͷ­תԽԽߣһɲǣ˿һƥɫĴӢˬһŮӡ
˫УһƴضɵĺӧǹŻĻâ
ǰһڣʲôҲ֪ˡ


370 ˹س
һμ֣ͮǹһͬһĺƷйųԶ
ֻɨһ£һŴõͷ­Ѿգٶȿò˼顣
ҲǶĺ֣ܹ巢˲ŭԣ䲻ݷ֮ʱܹԼҪȴȫܲͮһǹ
һͮǰݿ࣬һ˲Ϣͱݻˡ
ÿ죡
а
˷Ӧ̫ͮһǹٶ̫̫졣㻻ԼҲʺԵ
ԼҵǹȻ
浽ʱ򣬲ǼʶԼǹ
˽µʱ򣬰˼˵ͮһܹ緢ӣĶ࣬嵱ʱһЦ֮ڿһ㶼ûд
飡
ͷ­߸߷һءһʯƽĺ棬ΧŷӦ
ô£
ôԼɱԼˣ
Щһ𣿡
ץסǣã
쵰һûУ

ΧȺһƬȻ˶ŭˡ֮ͥ£ǬЩ˾ȻıɱԼֱɥĲ
Ⱥ׷Χ˹мֱӾˡ
˿ŵصѪʬľ֡
֮以ɱ¾ھصУҪģ
ͮɫҲÿܵɫǱȽ򶨣ֻ̧ͷĿѯʵĿ塣
ȫΪĻųֵģΪʲôһŲ֪壬Ǳεġ
ȻУͮһɵġ
ӣ
ǲǬ˼ǷӦܿ죬Ѹķš
˵ʵոջ˵˹س飬˭ҲףôͻȻͶһ֡
ǵڻš
ǺһȺ壬ôһӦά塣
ϾȻ֪ȴ֪ǾŹ׵ӣҴ涥Ĵڡ
壬ˣ
˼־ּ۾Ҫˡʲô鷳嵣ġ
ôҲףôľٶȫʧȥһ
Ҫţ
˼һӵӣǸжǺЦɵ椻Ϊʧķˡ
ż֮ȣȿһʲô˵
Ȼ߹ȥϣʳָָһ飬һ㽣ָ׼Ļеǿͷ­Ķ

˼׷룬ϵǿͷšһ˼¶һƤµҺɫӡ
ˣ
ֻǶ̶̵ʱ䣬ԭڵȺͻȻһƬšģΧһƬš
ͮһľ㵣˵ˡ
˹ˣ
˭Ҳû뵽ոɱǸͻȻ֮Ȼһ˹ˡϵǿͷ­ͺԵ
ͿҺ죬ǵ͵˹ظԭ졣
ͮû뵽ɱˣȻһ˹ˣ
ô£
˼Ҳסˡȥ°ʬҽһߣǾϵļ⿪
͵Ĵʽ棬ȥǣ¶һ˹͵İɫֲ¡
һѾԲˡ
ûĸ˹˻ܵطһ˹صĳ
αװɴ˹ŴףŴ˵սŴƵ˵ͷ
ôҡڣȻ˵Ĺ㸽
壬Ѿȥˡ
Ȼ˷
һɲǣ˼͵Ļعͷ壬һƬ졣Ѿϰֱ֣һɲǣ˼Ȼеš
˹Ǹ֡˵ļУ˵սαװ˵ӣͷ˲ע⵽Լ
һ·浽ȫֱ֮塣
˼ôҲ벻ôֵġ
λãӦȫӵģ
ͮȰ˼⻹Ҫȣ
Ϊɱģ
û뵽סȻΪɱһ˹˵ĳ
ô£׷ʲôˣ
ͻȻһųŲһǿϢѸٵĳ˵ĸ֪
󣬼ߴ˶ĵһϵӰ˹ϵӰĿֻɨһȦΧնʱȻһ䡣
һѵӪѧԾĵͷ¶ηɫ
ҲͬһʱȫϢͷһߵһԣǬͼǲ
ô£û֪ʲô𣿡
󶷾ξȻθ˼֣࣬йɷŭס
ͮĿһۣȻǰ
شˣңҷһ˹صαװǵˣ͵͵ӽѾնɱˣ
󶷾ξǰͮ
˹صĳ
󶷾ξɫ΢䣬Ŀɨȫٳ˹سʬ߹ȥ
Ҳʱ߶սȺɫȥ
󶷾ξͮ𣬽Ҳûʲôˣ
ôֵģ
Ⱥߵʱ򣬰˼ӢҲһӭ˹¶˹עɫ
ǱǺ˽⡣ӦĵɣȫǳھԼŹ
նɱ˹˾޵ˡ
̫˼ˣӣ㵽ôģ
Ҳһ
ץһ죬˹˵ƤëûֻɨһۣȻϳ˹صֱ˼顣
ûʲô֣
嵭
˹˳ǿ϶ġû絽磬ٵ磬ôʱǶȫҲӰ;ҵǣ˹ƫƫ˳˳̽鱨ֻ˵һ㡣ʹõĸ̽
򵥵ķ
ǻ棡
һѵӪѧƺ뵽ʲôͻȻѿڵ
û
ЩƳѵӪѧһۣЩӡͮ˵¹ǾҵӵܣѵӪѧͮǶͬ
ǰ漸δսʧ˺ܶս֡ЩսͳͳֳɵġıģҪ棬ʣ򵥵ķʽ
۾¶ǵĹâ
һֻľֻҪһ㹻Сģȷʵֲˡҵʱ뵽һ㣬ҪͮȻͿǸˡ
ôˣûп£ôжĸ˹ˡжϴĻɱԼˣ
ǬüͷʵҲйƵĲ룬ֻûô͸ѡ
ң֪˹˿αװԼˣҪôҳҲһ׵顣
嵱ʱͻȻ֣ͮͰɱˡʱɱˣǺصġ


371 ˳ᢣ
̫ˣ
嵭
˹˵߱Ǻ԰СһЩֻҪעЩİСҿμɵ˾Ϳˡ
μɣ
Ǭһüͷ
ǵġ
嵭
̽ӻᾡװǵˣϾǲͬġΪֹͻЩͬ׿ˣ˶ǰͦأ̧ͷֻǸ˵ͷȫͬо仰ͷԣ˺ͨǲͬġͬģ˹˵ĳԼ϶Ҳǲͬġ
ʱҲȷʵпıȽϰСģ˵
һͷӢһѵӪѧ
ǾķЩðաϾһ򣬾һ˵Ҳñա
һɱɲС°
Ǻǣ԰Ҳ̽𣿡
ȻЦ
ͻȻ֮ǰһȣŻȻһ׹
ԭˣ
ӻ棬ϸ緢Ƿˣ
һ춼ûзЩ˹صĳһΪӴˣûʲô˹سǹʶƣҶ벻ǾȻô󣡡
ǰֱ֮һ룬Ǻ°

һȺ˶ȻͬС䱸ɭϣصˮйͨĴƹ䣬ΧǶٶ˽֯ɵĴĴޡ
£Щ˹˾ȻƤӵ£ҡڵëȻĸо
壬˵ڻ֪һֱи˹صĳԼεеȫ̽һ
ʲôƽ֮ĶӲǵĶĿ
뵽㣬оԽˡ
Ų棬ԶʤŸоʦ֮йЩ˵²١
˼Ͷ췽棬չֳԶʤǡ
Ҳֲǡ˹ǰսЩʿĿ׺սûע⵽ҲǺ

ԶҪСĶ֣˹ػûԭôҲûô貵ǾϸĶֺսʿ
սеǻۺͽթʵκζ֡ڴƺ˹صսУԭպգȴ˹صҲ
Ҫ͹˹ˣ˵ǳʶͮǬӢ˵Ȼ
ԭ̵µӵܣ󲿷ֶ̫Ƶ̬ǰҲУûʲôֵġ
֪ķ򣬽˵жЧˡһΣֹˣ㶼˽
˵һеڶ̶ʱڣ˹˵ĳץ˳
Χû˿׿ˡйΧʿȫҪȡͷ
˹ϵĸԭ£Σ

ô£ûг֣
ͬʱ͵䣬˹ռݵɽһϢ磬С룬ǳ˹ظ߼Ӹ£΢ŭһ˹صʲ
ˣûУѾɳȥ˲鿴ˡӦͻ¿¡ǣ
վ·緽λ˹ʲͷ
ֻĳеĳɳȥģڹȥİ棬ûгֹ⡣
С˹ظ߼ſھǲ֪뵽ʲôһǿƽ
ûпܣǵαװֶѾʶˣ
۾ʲ̽ʵ
ܣôˣǴûбʶƹ
˹ʲҲҡͷ
ȥûУûУ
С˹ظ߼ҧ
ôǵֶѾʧЧˡɳˡжɣҲѾõҪϢ
ԸԴΪһǱ㷢ǵжҲǾԲıƻġһоͰԭļƻɣ죬ǳ׵Ĵݻǣ
˵¶Ĺâ
ǣˣ
·緽λʲæͷٶ˵
۾ĵطһεսڻ

ˣ
峿׵޹㡣ĽŲսղڶ
ǰȣڵս˼㣬еսζ
ƽͷӶѵӪѧʱ򶼱ѹ֡Ĭࡣھ˹ս˵˭׽ⳡսζʲô
㣡һץǵĶƣǾԼ
ȫֻҪǰŵĶƱ赲סǵս棬֣ȿٿˣԲҪЩ˹˳Ƿ
ǿ׵ķ϶ؼҲܵģֻҪ׼һ
ϸ˭ţն

峿դ󶷾ξŲӣȥͬһ㡣ϣһͷŭʨһ
󶷾ͳ˧ȻǸ溲ȴڵĴƾ̫ٱá
ڴƣĵ۹֮еĵһͳ˧λúӰڰ󶼻ث֮ϡ
ξϽнֹд󶷾ڵһУλġ溲ҲֻǼ̳жѡ
󶷾£ͬķλ󶷾ξȻҲˡ
֮£ûвµġ
忴һĻ쳣Ϥĸо
Ȼ֮⻹ǵһβμӺ˹֮սǶ˵һѲİ
ЩѪ֮Уÿһսں壬С
ô׼ˣ
忴ŹĻսܲļƣŤͷߵǬͼӢ⡢ͮˡ
š
ɫ࣬˵ͷ
Ǭͼ˻ãϾǰûμӹҲûʶ˹صǷӢ˾Ͳͬˣɫ΢΢Щš
ͮҲˡ
ǰǲμӹüսģ˵ţǾԲܵġ
嵱ȻˣȴʲôҲû˵
ʵʤ۱棬ڸ˵ʲôûõġȵսҲʲôˡ
ͰռƻɣһɢȥȻǵڶ̫࣬Ŀ̫һô࣬϶ע⡣
嵭ʼսǰšҪִԼļƻɲס󶷾Ķξɵӣܲע⵽һˡ
Ҳġ
һξ˵Ҿȥȵӹ뿪ʱѸж󶷾һ۸ڶλξڹĵģİٶװ˴󶷾ܵĲ͸ϡһ֮ͲôעǣʱǵĻᡣ
ף
ȫ
һʱĽ˷ˣѾｨ˶κͷӣ֮ͮŮˣ˵ˡ
ãж
˵Ļش˵ͷٶ˵
¡¡
Ƭ֮󣬴𶯣̳װĲڴ󶷾ξһ£¡¡ɭϣ˹ռݵɽͶȥ
ڶĩβûע⵽Ŷ˵ľӣһѸٵĳ뿪
жһڳˣ


372 սʼ

߸ߵɽ͵£µ׻һξ룬İ룬һŸ߸ߵĸܣͣľ𡢶䣬𡢶䣬ɽս
İȴǳǧһĺ޴ˣӿȣɽͶաҵкȻ𶯡
˵£ɽϿնˣƬȺɽɭ֡
󶷾ʿ͡ңİȻǴ󶷾ľ񣬵ȴǴ¤ѡģܴ󶷾Ӱ졣
˶ܹ󶷾ϵѵвˣֱӾξӴ󶷾ѡġ
Ҳ󶷾ξİʮԭڡ
ϸУߣն
߿쳹أ󶷾ξս棬еĳ𣬽ĺâҫ
һξ룬ųУһս߰
һս
ڽսʱҲ㹻϶ǳ档ֻһ㣬ͿԿ󶷾ĶξָӹٲǱ
Ǿ޴ܣףǸĿ϶Կξָӹٺ֮ǰָӹٲһ˼Ҫϸࡣ
սսҲֿǵϸڡ
ǰֵһ档ȵԷƻ֮ͶԷԳ壬һٳӷߣҶԷ
ִս͵Ĳս
¤Ĵ󶷾ڶ˹صսУҲᾭʹս
ضܣԶֵĲҲǴ󶷾ξսʮԭڡ
ˣ
սޣڴ󶷾ξŶ棬ȴɽϵ˹ؾӳֵʱ򣬶ͻȻһ󼱴ٵ
һоټٵĳ˹
ˣˣ
ʲô£
󶷾ξüЩõ
شˣҸոշ֣˶ٺˣ
ʲô
󶷾ξıɫĿⶼ
ʶڸҿЦ𣡡
о;оȻ˶ٺˣֱ˼顣ôɲС£
оٶͷ亹ˣæľ˵һ顣ҲǸողŷ֣о;оȻôˡ
󶷾ϿɲǿЦģ
֪Щ𣿡
󶷾ξɫ
Ѿȷˣ
оæѲЩ˳ЩˣǾеҴӵܡ
Ҵӵһ̰ʣЩǸ֪Σգǰˡ
ǵ͵ӱΪ
ʶ
󶷾ξɫޱȣζըˡսǰܵΪҪġЩҵĹھҲˣ¾ȻҲôܣֱˡ
浱󶷾նЩӸǣ
б׵ͻȻ¡һһӴϢɽһӶɽϴ

ؼңϣ󶷾ξƺоʲôһ͵̧ͷֻ߸ߵɽϣһУͻȻ̽һͷͷսͷ­

󶷾ξһ𣬼˲ϳ˶ɽЩֵɫս˹ظԭܳսλ޴Ȼ֫СԭСȴ侫
Ҫǣǹǿ
ڹ˹صսУЩս˼ǿս
ʱ˿̣ƥɫĶУɽ¡һƥƥսĿѩûһ£ͬһ
һǿϢϯ£˸еصѹ
ѡȥЩӱԺٴ
󶷾ξɫ΢䣬ѸٵĻо٣ͬʱ彣߸𣬷һܳ
׼
߿쳹գͻȻͱý˵Ŀȫ˶ɽͷ
˵飬һɶ
ȻˣĿȫӰȻ΢΢ΧȻۼ߰˰֮ʿ
Զڶ˹
¡¡
ͬһʱ䣬Ƶɽͷϣ˹ϣ̤ͬħһ㣬֣߳˵Ұ֮С
Щ˹صһȫףĿ׺µս˳صսףһװݡ
ϣɢɽصϢ
ϢǸңԶľ룬ȻɽŵĴо˳صѹ󶷾ξҲɫ΢΢˱䡣
ЩһǾһǺʵģ
أб㣡
׼ʼң
׼ʱҺ

̶ʱڣ󶷾ξһϵеű˹İһ˶ߵĸܣҲص䵽˵ϡ
ܺĲȫ
ڵսʱˣ
ͬʱϢ͵ɽϣ˹ָɽϸϵĺУ¶Цݡ
ڵһ̵ʱˡ
ȴһ֧ƾݻٹ䣬ǾͿ뿪˹ˡ
εѾˡ
ʣڵƾѾȲ˹ϡ
ಣ
һ˹ָӹץסϵ䵶ڿ͵һӣ߸߾ٹͷ
͵Ķص˹䵶˸ļµĺâ
ȫֻƾǾͿԷ˹ظԭˣ
壡
˹Ŀ˷ܣȫһȻӦһ͵ɱͬˮӿ
ٺٺ٣ã
ܵ糱ɱǰ˹ָӹһ˿˷ܵĿ⣬Ȼи߾ٵ䵶ݺݻ
ȫ
ˣ
غ˹ȫװһɫӸ߸ߵɽϣɽ³档
ǿʼٶȻǺܿ죬ģٶԽԽ죬ƬضǵĽ²
һɽصϢӴޱȣ޸ԶɢϢڳʼα
ֹˣԭܼҲʼ仯һݶӣݶӣݶӡٶˣȻʮݶӣͬĲ˰ųɽɽųˢ
γУ
ʱУ˹ģԸƾͣǿĳС
Ŷ͵ɽ£һֳζУͬ˰һͣˢԷĲС
һȫװоʵǿܵסһս棬ȴһܵ˵ڶĲʮڶʮ
Ĵﵽһ̶ȣһܹԷǰӪ˺󣬳׵ĻԷ
ֻҪǰ߲ӪɢŻҾͻɢ
˹εĺսзֵܣ
ݶӳл㹻ĳ͵ռ䣬ǰʧܣҲӰ쵽档
ܼг棬и಻ϡǿȵʱ
е֮Уֻ˹ֵܳһ㣬Ұеӵ
¡¡
𶯣˹سٶԽԽ죬ԽԽ죬ͬѩһ㣬Ѿﵽһ˼ٶȡ
ԶԶȥͬһɫһ㣬ɽϣɽ²ͣǰ
ǹƱ׳磬ɽ治ɵ
ɽ£󶷾ξϵһ¶صɫ
ͻȻ֣Լ͹ֻ˹ؾˣ


373 ̱ӣ
ڿʼˣ
ͬʱ벻ԶһɽͷоٿѾܵġ塱פɽͷңңۿ
ԶԶȥ˹ؾӷֳʮݶӣ̳׳һɽ£ǹƣ춯أ侪ˡ
ͮӢ˻ãϾѾǰ˼⡢Ǭͼ𾪵ɫ
ٶ˳ƣֱͬǧ治ɵ
֮£˾㲻ʲôˡ
̫ǿˣ
ͼȫһĻ
һ췬սĳȻ˵ĲӣԻͼĳǻԵġ
ȫ۷սĸ
Ǭһ㣬ɫҲ̫ÿ
ֻɫ糣粻˼ô𺳣Ҳͮôɫأǡ
սļУȫǼҳ㷹
ǰ˹˳ĳ˵ֻСƶѡ֪һĻֻǰϷѡ
˹˻ûн¶
ˣ
ȻԶԶģ˹ﵽɽʱ·ʲôͻȻһ£ǵڶĸ
ɽ
ʲô
ͼƤһ£
⻷˹˵ս⻷
嵭
˹˳һְɫţ֮Ϊʥޡ⻷˹ʤս⻷֮һ
ȡɫ˫֮⣬񲻿˼顣
ˣ
Ȼ廰һ䣬оͻȻһͷͷ޴İɫţӰһͷͷţ˫£׼ɽµĴУзһĽ
裡
Ǿ춯صǹ̳ͻȻʮ࣬˹Ľ£ɫĹ⻷Ź⻷⻷Ź⻷𵴣һ޴İɫ
¡ֻһ˲䣬˹ϵϢͻȻǣﵽһֲľ硣
һɲǣɽ˾ʧɫ
Թ壬ԣ
ͮ˵һδӲԶۿ˹ĳͼսʱǽȻͬġ
Ӿױȡ
⻹ûأ
忴һĻ̾Ϣһ
󶷾ξָӹӦ飬ǹдɽֵط˹˾ս
ȻѾϺˣԶԶ
˹У˰£ѾԤ֧Ƶ֧飬ȫĳ
׼ɣ
˹ʱɫ侲ֱ۾´ж
˹˵Ѿ¡¡춯أս⻷Զʮ֮ⶼõ
֮£ʲôжеᱻڸˡ
жʱ
ˣ
սһԾǸһȣԾɽͷͷҲӦ
˼⡢ͮǬͼӢͬȺɽ֮еĶ׷ϢԾɽͷ
ʱȴûκһע⵽ǡ

¡¡
˹УƺƵɽɽ£ǹɽѰƣλ󶷾Ķξɫص˼㡣
֪Լһ
Ȼ˴󶷾Ը˹˵ܣȴǱĴ󽫾
˵˹ԶҪࡣ
жԭԼİž޴ʮģʱͻȻоôˣ
ʱһжѾˡ
׼
߿쳹أ˼ֽǵζǰıξָӹٻԼֱۣս׼
սһ
һɲǵɽ¥սϢﵽ˶㡣
еĲȫסеȫ׼ɽ׼
¡¡
ԽԽе˹ԽԽԽԽҲԽľг
ɽ¸µ˹໹ֻһɵʱ򣬱ξָʹеĳббա
¡
İܳɽкݺݵĶ£ھ޶ܵײ£ض类һ˫εľײУҵҡ¡¡졣
İһſǽǰ˵ķߡ
ͬʱһһںɫս⻷Щǰ˵ĶܱŲİ⻷һ壬ͣ𵴣ĺ
ֻһɲǣİܱսʿϵϢͱһ¾ͬʹ˸һȵڵϡ
һɰģ᲻ɴݵϢЩǰеĶսʿϱ
𣡡
İսʿȣ˹ݼˣҲϵηϢ
ܹ£ûе
£Ƶʵϵµһ¤˹˿꣬ǶԸ˹ǰߡ
İսʿܹϸĴ󶷾ѵѵǧģÿһѵ˶Ǻϸսʿ
˹һҲ˿ľ¡
Щ־ᶨսʿ󶷾ξָֻɡû˹Σ
ЩսʿҲĺսһսֻҪסʼĳǵĽ࣡
֣׼
󶷾ξ߿쳹
˰˵ĴƾӿʼչֳԼɫʣУμһʼͷųԼ侳⻷
侳⻷֯һ˵ƣһս󣬿ɭϡɱ
׼ţ
Ǹ߿һ֧֧֧ʯܼ꣬ɽŵкХ¡һģ˹ˣǴƵľӡ
κεսУԶǸȷˡ
䣡
ļХ£һɲǣ˹ͳͳͷƾϵؼףӲļꡣ
Щޱȵļ֧˹ϣȫģҲֻǴ͸Щϵףȴû˵档

һſĴЦ˼꣬쳹ء
һѹǸЩʿʲôսʿʲôľɣ
ǰ˹ָӹٹЦ˹˵һܵͻ𡪡
¡
һȫµͻȻɽХ㣬˹ԭٶȾۼӵ˹һϢͻȻó磬ͬһɽһ㣬Ѵضѹһ
ΧӰֳһεı̬Ȼģûֳ̬֣ɴ
һɲǣ˵ľӴѹʮֹ
ˣ
һĻɽµĴ󶷾ξָӹͻȻһ꣬ҡ
ݹ⻷
һɲǣ֪ﲻԾˣҲ֪ΪʲôеˡһĴ
¡
һ̣˹ɵУͬѩһ㣬ݺݵײǰ˵Ķսʿ֮С


374 ͻ
һ˹ɽ۾Ϳʼ٣һ·嵽ɽ׵ʱٶж죿
һ̣˹չʾһ㡣
˹˵ٶȴﵽ£ǿһġ
¡
һʯ䣬һݶӵʮ˹ս߸ǰݺݵ̤䲽ǰ˵ľ޴ܡ¡ؼͬըһףǸĺ쳹
⻷⻷һֲ̣ͬоҵĽ֯
ײĵطлų
ϣ
ս˻ҵײϢú󷽵սе˲ϣ˻
ˣܲ񹥵Ĺ£ʯѣΪ촷ۣο塣
ʮܺ棬һսʿɫһףԳ˲мѿѪע
գǻȵĿ
Ѫ֮˹һӸɽ֮۷帩£ٶȴﵽµһҲֻսʿǡ
ǿ׳˶壬ʹֵܹʿʿ
Ȼˣ֮еĴ󶷾ָӹȴ˲Ϊܿ죬˹˵ĵڶĲ岨ݶҲ١
䣡
һһ˹һ֮٣ҵײЩսʿϡ
Ǿ춯صײӶû˿ļ
Щսʿովס˵һϱӭ˵ڶΣΣĴΣײϥˣѣܾҵĲ΢Ѫܱѣ¹⻷𵴡
ѹһδεӣƲϵۻ˵ĸڶ̶ʱھʹﵽһ˵ĸ߶ȡ
һϸսʿܾܶٴֵĳ
ߴΣ
һսʿƽԳеߴ˹Ӹɽ֮ȫʼѾﵽ˸սʿļ¡
ʵȻԶԶ
Ϊ˹˵вһҲǶǴﵽ˾˵ʮನ
ǿսʿҲ޷ֳˮ಻ȫ
¡
·ֻһɲǣַ·ͣڰ˲˹ɽ۳µʱ򣬺¡һǽ߸ߵĴƺ޼᲻ݰڱ׵˺ˡ
¡¡˹֮˺ȱӿһɲ̣ɫˡ
İսʿɵУǵǰϡֻǽ˹˵ٶˣ˵սܷӳá
һ˹Ӹɽ֮۳£ж󣿶˵ġ
٣֮˿ɵ
սѪܵ˵һ㣬ķ߱˺ƣں˵ζʲô
ȱٱ˵Ǿһѣ
ˣ侲׼棡
֮У󶷾ξ쳹ϿաһѾˣһֹֻ֧ܶ̾Щ˹Ķ֡
ǵ;ôõġ
İɵб˺ɲǣ˵˾Ѿעˡȴ˵ģֻǰѡ
Ƶ㣬а⻷ͬʱбݹ⻷ӻ˹ǰԴʱ˵ȫǻԣ
ɱЩƾһҪ𡣡
ǰе˹ָӷЦһ˽
Ѿ˵ƾȫûˡ
һνܹܣҲе߲ˡΪɱЩˣݻٹ䣬Ȼ󷵻˹ظԭȴһ
ˣ
ۿŰ˰ƲҪˣؼʱ̣ͻȻһϣƻңҲսƽ⡣
ֻе˹ؾҷһֻ֪Ķ˴ͻȻɱһ֣ٶȾʹﵽ۷壬ӿȡೡɽƣȻ˹صȣҲ˶١
ôỹһ֧˵ľӣ
ֻͻȻֵУ˹ָӹٶɫԲԤ֮е
սУĴƾӣûг
Ҹ޷ܵǣֻӶѾ嵽ôˣȻ֪Ǿܵġ
ʣýƻˣ
ݺݵȭͷ˹صָӹٺܿͷӦʣЩһǰԼġ
˵ľӴӸɽ֮۳£ƾ춯أݲ
ߣԼʵǵֻǸʱԼȫԼ˵ѡ
ּĽƻ
ɵǣԷȻǴӼңԶĵطġһȻûиɽ֮ƣȴԱܹԼĿ⣬ҪǣһͿԾĽۻ㡣
ٶȴﵽʱֻ˵ľѾԶԼΣˡǰ˰ˣԼвҪöࡣ
ˣתƷɣžȫӭֻӣ뽫£
˹ָӹٵ쳹
Ϊһָӹ٣Ǳܵĸо֧ΣաߣԷѡǡǡĵط
ٺ٣ӦϧѾˣ
Ŷ˹Ӧе΢΢¶һ˿Ц˵ǲм
ܹ󶷾УԷָӹѾֵ֤ԼֻϧݲǰͲ
ڣԷһԼͷһͼıξָӹһĴ
ξָӹĴ󣬾ǲӦɽ׺˹˾ս
˹ָӹٷģǲӦı䣬򣬶ԸԼ
һֻȫݣٶȴﵽӣǾԲܸı䷽ġһı䷽ٶȾͻܵ
仯ķԽԽ
仯ķﵽ˱ֱľʮȣôǰۻƣΪС
սȫ˵ܽ˰ƾȫ壬ɾ޴˺
ڡ
һ仰˵ǵѾעˡ
ʵϣⲢΪǸɵĴ󡣶ûзԼʱֻ˵˾Ѿעˡ
ʸΣȫ棡
־һ¡֮仯Ӽ򵥵ķУ˷ʸΣѸٵŶȥ
¡
ֻһɲǼ䣬塢ͮ˼⡢ǬͼӢĴͺݺݵĳ˶˹ش
кͷʸΣ
ֽȻͬƬ¤ı߽磬һַʽչ˽
ֽȻͬΣִսУҲǼΪټġ
¡
˵ķʸκݺݳ˹˵ʱͬһʱҲͷųԼս⻷
¡ƹһεĲΪģ֮˹˵ĳݹ⻷Ӧһɫİ⻷˲Ρ
֮й⻷
Ƭսϣһʱ֮ͷųԼս⻷Щ⻷˹˵˲ݻ٣Ҳ׵ĵ춨ⳡսʤ
һɲǣ˹ҡ
û˳ݹ⻷Ͱ⻷Ҳֻͨѡ
¡
һ춯صľ죬ֻһ˲֮䣬˵ķʸﲿӾͲ˹˵Уư㽫ǵг׵˺ѡ


375 һսʤ
ϲ״˹⽱˵һ
ϲɱ˹
ϲɱ˹
ϲɱ˹ģ

ϲɱ˹ߣ
ϲɱ˹ˣ
ϲɱ˹ţ

һܵ·ٲ㲻ͣԺɶɵķʸͬһѼ⵶ݺݵĲ˹صĲߣײ˲䣬˹˴
˹˵ıڶİ˰ƾϣ˵ĳָͲǵԤ֮СѾ˱仯ҲȻˡ
Զʱ򣬸ûҪԤʱǱ仯ٶȴﵽ۷ʱ򣬴ӿǣʸκݺײȥмҲֻѡ
ʱȫ˵˹У仯˸Ļҡ
ϣ
һ˹ͬܲһ㵹£ͮ˼ֱˡսʵˣ޼᲻ݣȫѹһ˹ˣһֽ̾һ
ֱͮԼ۾
ɱ
һ߳ȣͮȻ󾪣׵ĺӧǹѸٵƴӣΪһɶǹ
һ£ʦԼǹǹֻ֣һ˹촦ɫϵ
ġ֮Сһ֣еս⻷һ˹ġ⻷ֱӾһ
û˰⻷֧ţ۵ĳݹ⻷ʱ䣬Ҳ޷ά֡
׼ȷ˵˹˵ıݹ⻷Ҳ֮й⻷֮С
֮ʯս⻷սϣ¶ͳε
Ϊ˱ϼġ
ĴڣΪ˳׵۸һս
Ҳ׶λһսʱ򣬺ԥѡԭ
ڣ
˵˹˾һġ֮С⻷ǰֻ߹
쵰⵽ô£
⻷أ⻷أ
ٶˣôݹ⻷ͻȻʧЧ
ҵʵôͻȻôࣿ
⵽ô£

ķʸιȻ˹˺ܴңǿֻŵģʵƾԼݹ⻷ͻȻʧ
ǰɱ¾Աϡôೡսʤ࣬ɱ˲֪ƾľ
һʵĪܵƺһȺ˹˵˿ֻŵģܵһ
ǻ˼ԭڣһ˹ĵͬʱˡ
𣡡
һ춯صıɽŴͻȻ֣ɽװ˰Ѿӱذܵƾ˵ֱ콵Ǹ޴ľϲ
˾ϲǣ֮ǰ񲻿ɵսʤ˹˾Ȼȫֵס˵
ɱ
һɲǣ񡣳˹ز߱˲ǣ˰ƾ·Ѹϡ
ȫ
еıξָӹҲ㵣Լ۾ʧģΪӡĶȻʱ֣ôҲûϵ
ķӦһҲ
ֻ˵Ϊʲô᲻ͻȻʧΪʲôͻȻ֣ЩԺ¡
֮ץʱ䣬ΪʤѸٵĻֻ֮ܵ¤˵ʲôʱͻȥʦ˹
¡
񶯣ٶӽİսʿ߾жƣ״η䣬һصǽƽͬʱܸ߾٣¡¡صһͷͷ˹صϡ
ϣսЩԸԭǿʵӵзǷսʿĶܻҲһͷͷ˻ϹֱۣӾԵ˵ϡ
ֵܹסһͷͷսĳЩսʿʵֹ֪ܲǷͬҲǹ
ϣĳ˻Уһͷͷ˹¡¡ͣĵءͬһʱ䣬к󷽣ٴҲѸٵķ˳档
ֻһ˲֮䣬˹˾ͬʱܵͲ˫ؼлսһƬңεгҲάֲˡ
˹عȥεսѾ˵һֻʧȥγе˹˻ʲô³
¡¡
ҡضֻһ˲䣬ǿޱȵ˹˾Ե
սսײ뵶ӿ⻷⻷ͻɱҽ˻һƬ
սһƬң
ϲɱ˹ʮ
ϲɱ˹ʮģ
ϲɱ˹ʮ壡

ϲɱ˹ʮߣ
ϲɱ˹ʮˣ
ϲɱ˹ʮţ
ϲɱ˹ʮ

һ˻УϵͣԺ𣬺¡ΧԴԴϵӿĽڡ
ϴεĸ߾ݿΧս֮ġ֮С⻷ٴչһȦȦεΪģ˷ȥ
УܹһȦȦģ׳۵ģɫΰ
̫˼飡
΢΢۾ȫë׸ĿС
˹˵Ѿע
ⳡսѾòȥˡ
Ϊһָӹ٣ҪԵ󡣵Ĳɵʱ򣬾ѾζսѾʤˡ
˳ᢣʤǧʤһָӹٵĽɫ
ԼյЩԣʱյսԡս̫ˡ
ֻűȻչֶΣݣ
ϱӸոսʱ򣬾Ѿ֣ȻǳսսԻͣںԭʼĵز
ʲôԶû֮ⳡսУʹõģҲ˹˽õƣӸɽ֮۳ѡ
һ࣬Ҳǵõİ޴ܡ
С桱֣֮ϣʤ
Сȴȱ桱ı仯ϡϱܹХ£󲿷ֽŽ󽫾󶼻Щ۹ǰ޲ڣΪʥԭڣ
һ磬ܹ磬н󽫾Լ佫֮۵ģжֻôһˡ
Ǿ壡
ϸ磬Ψһϵġʥ
ս˵¹֮ս˵ֻţСԶѡ
¡¡һƥһƥս£һһ˹սٵ˵˹ؾڳɾˡ
ϲɱۼƴﵽһǧ߰һʮˣ
ϲɱۼƴﵽһǧ߰һʮţ
ϲɱۼƴﵽһǧ߰ٶʮ

ϲɱۼƴﵽһǧ˰ʮģ
ϲɱۼƴﵽһǧ˰ʮ壡
ϲɱۼƴﵽһǧ˰ʮ

ɱһ˹֮һֽȻͬʾԺ𣬼ϣϴλɱ߾Ŀ٣ɱⷬѾﵽһǧ˰ʮ
֮й⻷ҲòԶˡ

һ춯صĴ˹Ҫָӹٱ󶷾ξָӹٳɹնɱʣµ˹ڿ־ˡ

ϲıˣɱ˹˵㣡
ͬһʱ䣬һеԺ𣬱־ⳡսĳսᡣ
Ǹջ
һ̣ϲԽ


376 ڵѣ
Ǻѻõġ
һѾᣬǸı顣һҪŻ㡣
û뵽μ׶ε񣬱Ľ֮й⻷ҲͰˣȻܻܼĵ
ԼܹӵʮŵΪѪõʮ˵㣬ȴʮ˵㽱
ڶһôණ֮󣬻ʮŵѾ൱ˡ
Ҫǣɱһ˹ʱ巢ֻ⽱һ˵
Ҳ˵Ժɱگͻʡʳ֧ȸµĲͬʱжĽ
һƬѩͻȻ֮䣬һķʽ
սܿսĴɨɽ£ʬ壬ٶ˹һܹѡ
¤ĵؽ磬ϴؼףûиɽ֮ĵɽ裬˹ظԭܲһȫ׷ϣȻնɱ
ϧ塰֮С⻷ûл˵ӣˡ
һ֣ǰ˰ƾɱնģ岻ָӹ٣ֻܴеõһֽҲû취顣
ġɱֹͣһǧ˰ʮһ⻷Ľǧһٶ
ϧˣֻܵȵ»ˣ
вϧ
֮й⻷һﵽܹߵĹ⻷ԭ͡ڴ֮ǰҲֻһĹ⻷вֵ

սսеշ΢ı仯
˿ȺӱĿⶼ˳羴رμӹսѵӪѧޱȡ
ոǳսͻȻ֣˶ףʱ˱ذɡ
ûܵı˸ֵ
˼飬ǵʲôʱģ
ֵսʽҲξô꣬ǵһο
Ǵ˵İ𣿡
ܣʱ˶ˣ
˵ӱ
ӱ
˵ǲԼж

˽£˽ڽû֮߶ݣƴʵսϣľǷǳġ
٣սʽǲġսϱûооǳ档
ˣ
ͼϣ˷ЩĿ⣬Цзǳˡ
սãѶִ仨ˮͼûıжˬˡ
壬ķˡû뵽ܰǴ
ǰǲšΣǿԻȥúøˡ
ǬҲԱ߸ͣ˹˵ʬ˵ͷ
˹˸ոմӸɽ֮۳ʱǹϢǵأɽѩһ㡣
ԶľԵֵ
û뵽ȻɹİǴݻˡ
һУڱָӵĹ͡
뵽ǬĿҲԽˡνʶȻʼʱеŤڣǬˡ
һ࣬˼ͮһ߿壬һ߽ͷӶ˽֪˵ʲô˶Ц
ǽ޵ݣǰ˿ôˡ
գ
˵ʱͻȻһ󼱴ٵ
ӣξ룡
һǰޱͣ
һɲǼ䣬㾲ԭֵͻȻ׷׿塣
жνǶרУ˽˶ˡվɣҪġ
Ӳʲô°ɣ
һѵӪѧҲѵӪ׿ӵܣѵӪмҲμ
ǰȴҲʶʹ˾ǼΪʶİ嵱Լһ˵䡣
ʲôЦսҪǣȫûˡξѵǲɣ
ָͮ޵ı飬һˬݼڣҲڣȻ翪ʼ̸֮ʲô飬˵ϺøС
Ҿһѵսͮͬ塣
ͮУλͱԼСܶľŹãڲŻˡ
һĸͮϲͬ
˲Ž˹ѫԲӦܵѡ
ͮ˵ˡǾУ˵ξȥġϾǿǴʤ
ǰ˼Ա߰ο
ͮļ˼ҪԵǵĶࡣ
ǣôĹξôǡ
ǰξӦòġ

˷׷׵
ڸڹؼʱ̶Ȼɱⳡսɾˡ
ζţ£ξ˻ˡ
û˵ȴҡҡͷ
֪˻ǰһ̫򵥣ֹ̫ˡ󶷾нɭϣдϵ£ϸ
λ󶷾ξָӹپô˵
һ̣ԼǰӦԼǴ١
ǺǣİɡԼȥˡͮ˼⣬Ǹһȥ¶ξˡ
˵Ťͷ٣
ˣ鷳·ɡ

սߣֶ࣬ƺһֱڵԼĴ󶷾ξ
һսںʬ壬󶷾ξָӹپվԱߣϿκεı顣
¼ˣ
Ӱ淭һ
޸ӣҲûʲôҹӣֻ𱰡ӵݣھдɣ̴Ϥ
ֵԼȻִ᷸
š
壬󶷾ξָӹٵɫࣺ
ˡսǹͺܴô
ãû̫
ͷ˳ȥ
棬ٶһǺٵġܶʱ򣬵оһӽʱ򣬳ǰѾǵ߸ˡ
ټ֮й⻷Щ˹ˣһ͸Сˡ
š
󶷾ξ˵ͷԽĺɫˣ
Ѿ˾˵ĹͶǼڲᣬЩҪ౨ģ˶ܵνһ㣬Ǳֵķǳ
˿ˣ¸ġ
ԽĹǫˡ
ʤܲ٣Ҫľ̬ȡ
̬ȣ󶷾ξҲ͵ĵ˵ͷһ̣ԭ͵ϢͻȻһ䣬󶷾ξɫһ䣬ĿӸ£壬ͻȻޱȡ
ӣ˽ô£֪֪վɣҪɱͷģ
˵θ˼֣ø߿ޱȡ֮Ҳ޻ĺ㣬ýţޱȡ
ࡢʬĲ䶼ǻһ¶ηɫ
󶷾Ľ죬ϵ£ܵ۹úʹ󶷾溲Ӱ죬һ˵һнֹ
Ϊն׵˲֪жˣвԹ֮ʿξ˵仰Ǿõģ


377 Ը溲в
û˵һɲս˱㡣
Ըоͷ˫עԼıǵĿ⣬Ҳǳȷţֻ˵˵ѣĸô
Ȼ˰
з̾ϢһһĻ˵ʷϲǶ˵һҲ⡣
ػȸ˵˻뿪𣿡
屾ǵͷ˵ģʱȴͻȻ̧ͷ
˶ôɣǻɺͳûмɣɽ˺죿
⻰˵ֱ׳˵޻˵
ǺǣԶξҪͷһ֮󣿡
ͻȻЦ
ߣЮ԰ΪҲ𣿣
󶷾ξһ˿ŭɫ
йͣйطǵĹͣһ£Ǽ뱡ж˽ӣҲõͷ޹سɲ˷Բ£
󶷾ξָӹ˵ţͻȻһָ
ˣ
һ䣬֮м˲һĽ˶Ŀ׺ݣиԾ˳
еľȸľġԸ侳ߣֻĲá
ٸһ֣ͻΧ
һȣ
ٳ֣˸׹⣬֪ǰĴ󶷾ξȻ׼˵ҪԼãֻ˵˵ѣҪôɡ
ߣΥɣҪܾĴãĹͣҲһڣ㻹кλ˵
󶷾ξɫʳֱָָ塣
ȣ־ܣҪҷһȣ
֮УһţɫһͳһҪȥ
еľִоɵʱͿǵ˻׼̲һļ
Ǻּ̲ͬģҸģÿһޱȣ۶ϲˡ
𣡡
һ˶֣ţ
һ̣׼ˡݲ巴
˭Ҷ֣
ģҲٿһϵĽɫУ
ڴˣ˭
λεϣһθ֣Ӱý׼ˡΣ۾ͺһжȻһϣҲһεǽһͣ
ٹªҲ֪ޣƵ۹̻ķΧ˽Σǿ
еƣһ֪ǷӵϵȨЩٿԵġ
ˣ
棬ͻȻƣ󶷾ξȻɫʣûϵϴֶ
ߣʲôƣҸʶ
󶷾ξͻȻ
һȺʶҪƭ¡콫£á
ߣƲʶĵҲʶ𣿡
ȴƺԤϵһĻһóһֻֽǴ󶷾ξǰһ
նࡣŵбĴӡжλ˵ǩֻҪһܰ㷢䵽߽ຮ֮أһΪ溲𣿡
˵Ȼθһأɫ
¡
һƣһֽĵͳͳ󼸸𺳡󶷾ξ͵۾˼ĿŶ壬һ㡣
ߣôΪ溲ɣΪʲô֪ҪˣҪֺλ󽫾ҲҪвܵþҺҵŭҲλ溲˳вֺܵ
Ŀ棬ƺһۿ󶷾ξ
¡¡
󶷾ξ󣬾κˣһ㡣ڵѾˣһ̿֡
ԶĻҪѶԸĶࡣһж޷죬ôҲ¶
Է͸¶ѹ亹һƬ籩ꡣ
Щǲ˵Ƶģ
˵˺û˵ƣЧǽȻͬġ岻˵ƣЩġڣĵӣҲټȥ
˵֮ǰ廹ֻһͨѵӪѧôڵâ¶
ңЩ¶ʹǰӵܶη
һ˿ǡ
ҪǣǰѾʶϵܡ
ӣҲ֪˵ʲô
󶷾ξͷ亹乣·ʪ͸ˡ֪ԼͼѾ͸ˡ
ߣԼ֪ˡת溲ҪԸҡʲôֶξʹֶΣʲô
Ц
һ䣬ҲȥǰĴ󶷾ξһѸٵɶȥ
Ҵ壬͢س۹󽫡ֲ㼶һССĶξܹ֡εˣԺ󣬡Ϊ֮ɣ
ƮѾʧ
ϣʪ͸Ĵ󶷾ξվ̶ֱһ˲Ľ棬ȻֽƣĸоȸոǳսҪա
󶷾ξ֪Լӹһ١
Ϊ󽫾ڿ̫ˣ꣬ҿԶԸ˵ġ
󶷾ξ̾Ϣţתһͷ
˵֪ԼݣһûдġսӪʱѾϳˣһ㱨ǰߵĸ󽫾
¤ĵؽ磬󶷾ķ֮ڣֻҪǽһڿ¾ûвʶˡ
ڶʹ¼󽫾溲裬˻վһߡ󶷾Ľײ㼸ȫվڸ溲һࡣ
溲¤Ӫ꣬е졣ȻǺˣȴҲƳ硣
ټϣ˹ˣ¤һ¸Ƕޱȡ
ҲΪˣŻ뵽󽫾塣Ҳ˸ոһĻ
Ⲣʱ⣬;õġ
ֻǣҲû뵽Ȼ˻顣һ߶֪ȫһҶ֪⣬Լͼȫơ
ֻܻ㱨󽫾ɴ󽫾ˣ
󶷾ξ̾Ϣһܿӻͳ׵ֽһʯϣдһš

һ񶯵ɫŸգһ¤ǰߡ

ҿµˣ
Ӵ󶷾ξĵһ仰˳һ
ô£
ʲôˣ

һȺ˷׷˹ǶǺ׽ˣոջ˵ҪߣҲ̫ͻأˡ
㷴ӦٳٶۣҲ֪һǷʲô顣
󶷾ξѾʶҵݣ溲Ѿ֪Ѿ¤ĵؽˡҵ׶εѾɣҲӦ÷ѵӪˡ
Լ⺡
¤Ǹ溲ĵ̣ڶʹ¼˿ǽɣҲΪ溲ֿ׽ҹһڵˡ
Ҫ溲ʱҲӣʥҪԼˡֻҪԼ¤ĵؽ磬һգͶһΣա
弸Կ϶溲ǾԼ뿪ġڻ磬һеü
ֻҪ뿪¤ĵؽ磬溲Ҳ޳Ī


378 
ڵ壬ԶϱӵġʥӮһսҲֻһССѵӪʿӶѡ
Ǹ溲ȴʱ򣬡Ǹߣҹֻ˵˵ѡ
Ϊ۹Ĵ󽫾溲еȨԶԶڿԱġ
ӣǺһߣ
ӢͻȻڵһǣҪһ뿪Ҳ׷׿ʼȥǣԼս
յսͺһġ˨һϵƣҪߣ˵ĵһӦǺһ
ˣ
˰֣
溲Ǹ󶷾ξġֻҪһߣǾͲʲô¡ʱҪ׷Ǿ˵ƣƵøɸɾôҴ壬溲ǸˣͲΪôһС£ôļ塣
ңɽӣмӦͬʱ׶εѾɡ˾ʦ溲ҲѲҡǣûеȵĵжһ¿ʵ˵ʱ׷϶пܵġ㲻ôǵľϲһʣҲԺˡ
ڹ䷴޺ô˲μжôͣҴǣʱȻŭġ
嵭
֮˵ҿµˡǡǿµˡʲôһʱĿ󣬶Ǿ˼ǵĽ
ֻǣˡ뿪˷ƽ¡
˵ǶԵġ溲Ͷξ˵Ŀֻ壬ֻҪ뿪Ǿƽ¡Ǹһ𣬷
һֱûô˵İ˼ͻȻ侲ǡˣʱ򷴶ǵģҲжϳĿǰĴ

˵ʱһֻŸͻȻų򣬴ӿзֱȺеꥶȥ
һĻԤϡ
ֻŸ룬ɫ΢ͣüҲ΢΢һ¡
ˣϢ׶ε֮Ҫλ˷ؾǸ
ܿ죬꥾ż㣬
ֱȫΪֹǺһġ¼ꥶûϵ
壬ǺһߣҲû˼
ꥵĻͼҲյѾɣѾܵơ
ʱ뿪Ҳκε⡣
ţһҲӦ
ǬҲڵ
ǲ޳뿪ģǴһʱһʱͼ˵ģѾɣҲûʲô˼
Ÿ溲Ӧòڶǳ֡
ʣһûб̬ģֻа˼ˡ
ˣҲһɡһģҲһ߰ɡ
˵ĿⶼԼϣ˼Ҳ̾һ
Ǻðɣ
˼Ƭ̣ڵ˵ͷȻѾˣҲûбҪǿӲˣ
׼һ£ϳ
ɣ
תͷһֱһ·ΨհʲɡλµʲӡһֱǺܺõģҲҪ£Ķ
˲ţԶκεĲƸҪҪ
ѣۣȥҰɡ
ǣӣ
ɵ˵ͷǰݳ꣬ͻȻ˵ĸˡ֪˵ĺˡ
Уξټˣ
ˣټˡܹ㲢սǵң
ꥹأԾ֣صһ񡣶ͬʱԼ˹սҴĴϱɣҲȫ壬֣صں;⡣
壬ЩҴϱΧĲ¶Ѿȫû
ǰ꣬ꥷڵء
ΧһӰ
ͮӢѵӪѧԼսʿһĻжΪ֮ݡ
忴һĻҲǸжѡʲôܱһȺ㲢սսʿ𾴣ø˸жԺ
λܺһ𲢼սҲҵң
˵ţ΢΢ˣҲһ׼ľƣأһ
ʱˣ
ԼȺɰɾսʿһβˡ
ݣ
һޣ巭˵עĿУչ̳Ͱ˼⡢Ǭͼһȥ
һڿԷѵӪˣ

ӵĹ뿪һмҹ̣ʦķȥԼ֮뿪¤ĵؽ硣
峤ĳһ
¤Ǹ溲ʹ󶷾ĵ̣溲һԾŶǳ¤ĵؽ磬溲ĵҲ
ҪǱԹ٣Ǳ̲ץ˽ԵԽϽ߽磬ǿǴ
ڰȫˣ
ľ죬վڹٵϣ죬һ
ˣ
ΪɵɲǣͻͻȻ֮䣬һԴ̫Ѩ׼ĸоӿ
徫ǿͷֲˡ
ã
һǿҵΣմӿ弸Ҳĵͷſڰڵϡ
䣡
һ춯صľ죬ľ죬һ֧޴ЮŰĻе
Ժ֮ͷӹβĹ˺ͻ󱳶ۡ
¡¡
ڹٵһ޴ıըһƬľը촷ۡ
ըڹٵϿһĿ磬˴̵ĳ
ϣ
ս˻ͻһֹŵ˰˼ˣЩѵصսŵˣһƥƥ¶ֻŵɫ
Сģ
쳹

ܵ˷
ֱոһֻһ㣬ͷǡǾеֶΣ溲ʹԸ
֧̺Ҷڰ˻ľ
ݿ͵ֶΣ
ʯ䣬ͷӹԺͻȻԼԵʲôˡһɲǣͷƤ飬ͻȻŵһǿҵζ
Լ¶ˣҲ¶ˡ
ЩǳԼġ
ɱԼġ
˼⡢ǬҪңӣ
һϣĳ˻УһԾǰĹٵҲбɲïܵ֡
ֵĿԶһĶ࣬ӷɹܿ˵ôˡٵܣֻ·һ
ֻҪУïܵڱΣܼһ
ʱ嵣ĻԼ
ʣ˼⡢ǬܵԼۣ˽ԷʵԶԼǿĶࡣ
ֻϣԼٶɽܹ֮ȫ˼Ƿûˡ
壡
һ󾪿ֵĽٵ̳Ѿȫ˲ˡܻͷԲܻͷ
Ļʱһ
¡
ڵٶΣʱ̷˹ؼãһݳͬʱڶ֧ݺݵĲԭվĵط
ǻԵڵһҵıըڹٵըһ޴ĿӶƺƣǾҵͰһǰߡ
꣬Ƭľ£Ƭըдѡ
գ
ͬʱݿͣսӹٵԾ׷˹
ЩĿ䣬ɱӯһһԲֱ


379 ˣ
ˣ
â𵴣ĺ忴׷ݿͣȴܸоֽ׷ıɱеââڱϢ
ܻͷ
Բܻͷ
ֻ֪Ҫһĵ飬ȴԼľǰδУһߵĿֲʹ壬ȫըǰȥ
ףӳһɣͶԼలȫһ֣Ҳ԰˼Ƕలȫһݡ
˼⡢ǬǧҪͷԲҪ°
оȫѪҺǰӿ
ʱĵĲԼǰ˼ǬǡһԼǸ
ʣԼǡ
ֻϣ˼⡢ǬǰԼ˵ٶ뿪Ҫܹ쿴Լ
ûܹ¡
ɣɡ
һ·ͻƺҲо˵⣬ŷǰδеǱͬһģļһѸͻ
Խһ֣Խȫһ֡
ﬣ
ͻȻһݶĽХӶߴо׶һһ͵Աȥ
䣬һӰһڰмתԺ֮׹䣬Ȼ֮ĵط
˵һеڶݿνýӶಲͣĴ
սٶȼṦٶȱһأĵͬĻͣĳ
飡
һÿôͣըѣеĹ糱ȴȫ

ƥ̫ˣ
׷ˣ

һ͵͵ģҧгݵݿٶȼ죬Ȼȫգɱȴ˿ûϡ
ৣ
һ޷ɳڹյ˲䣬ݿͻĲסԼڿһ˲
գݿɽ׷ᣡ
¡
ۿҪɽͷʱͻ𣬵֧ڤд㣬˲䴩Խգ
һٴζ
¡ֻһ죬ڤڤУƺʲôĺ󱳣Ƭ˳ȥ
ۣ͵ſھһѪ˳ȥ
һϵǿһֹ˲ش壬µİҲ˲ش
ϣ
ĳ˻УУ˴һɿ񱩵ɳȥɳȥ
ϣؼʱ̣ҧסԼĽӣסһ˦ǿн˦ϡ
Сڣ
ڱǿѪˮ࣬۾ˡ
ȻһֱСǲȡߣܹоóСԵġֹǰԼˣǵˡ
ҲСڷǳϲ
ǵһΣСΪԼˡ
ϣ
СȻˣҲ˼еǱٶȶȻټǹĳƣȻ˲䷭ɽͷʧҰ֮С
ˣ
ô£˻ôܣ
쵰С˻ľһĻľϣ

ۿ巭ɽͷ˺Լһ˵ľ룬һֱ侲ݿѱ򶨡
׷βˣ
ݿ͵ĽµսͬʱݼսǱܣǰ׷ȥ
һε˼ҪĿҪɵģԲʧ
գ
ܼԡľ絹ӰȥϣоͷͷĿѣ
֧̺ڷǳǿһˡҺอǿޱȣټСӵתѾιȥˡ
Σѣ̫ѨͻͻΣոоѾţ֪ɽͷ֮󣬶ʧҰԷѾ޷Լвˡ
ȻȻ׷ᣬٶȻȲԼʣԿ϶ǰܵһΡ

֪˶ãͻȻ˫һɣӰϷ˳ȥһԱһɽˮ̶ȥ
СڣһоͿˣ
ˮǰһɲǣ׳ϣĿСһۣȻչԼĹϢĳˮףǱ
СڣԼѾˡСڵٶ֮£ݼǱܱġ
۵糸ٶȲܳ־á
ֻоܵ취ܹɹûԼĸСڵٶҲܶࡣ
ԼСڣܹʡ
岻֪ԼַܲЩݿͣǵһѾû̫ѡˡ
Ψһİ취
̶ˮӿſ̶أһֻзһݷɮĹϢһ̷á
ͨˮ׻ֻܼһӵʱ䣬ĹϢȴܼʮ嵽ʮϵʱ䡣
ҹϢҲܽȫĻܽ͵ͣҲܼڴ˵ų̶ȡ
׷Ҫˣ
ˣܲԶ

ˮ̶ݷã±һյӰϴݿһ·̳ܾȫŰʧķ׷ȥ
ֻһʧ١

ˮĽݿ͵ʧ֮ԥȻ̶˳ȥ
ˮ̶ܾ뾡뿪
а
ƬȺɽУɽˮ̶ǳ֪ۡЩֻһʱִ٣ûü쿴
ȵСڱûˣ弸Կ϶Щ˱Ȼ᷵ء
һݿͣѵһĴѸٵĴҳĲ֣˵һˮ̶
˭ҪСһȺרҵݿͣ˭ԼЦ
ۣ
ˮ̶߲ãͷһ𣬾۵һѪҡҡ׹ƽˮ̶ӳ׸ǺѪɫ
ſָָ©µѪһƬҰס
˱ԼĻҪءԼǾӲԶġ
ֻôˣ
ĿɨܣѸٵߵһľͳȸֽѸٵƤڳһģĳߵĺ
Ѹٵɵ棬Լ˺һƤҶ
䣡
һȻȻѹϺĳߵ˲ѹ
һҲ
һУﺬһĵĹľ֦ȻʩչϢһʶģҲı䡣
ڹϢ״̬£ֻʣ¼򵥵֪
¡¡
Щ󲻾ã𶯣ݿȥһݿͽһݣһԵľͻȻˮ̶
ô
һ˵ڰʵޱȡ
ûشȴһˮ춯ƺҡҡͷһһӰɽˮ̶֮С
űһʱĳĬֻвϷˮ
ס˺ܽ͵͵㡣

֪˶ãͻȻϰƺ˳
ѹˣ̶ûУ
һ˵
ܵġһ·׷ûʱܡûսǼһܲȥƬˮ̶ɵĵط
һɭɣλݿ͸һЩ


380 ǧͲ
ˣô˾ȻץסǸСӣ
˭֪أһȻںķ˻ľǼһﶼʧˡѵСһ֪ɱ
ܣôܻ֪ǲҪ˵Ҫ¶ȥʲô˵ģ
һеλݿ͵
һ˲䣬ˮ̶һƬ
ڵص£͵ǽȴʲôҲûһȺͳͳѡ˳Ĭ
а̾Ϣһ֪Ⱥ˷ǳܴʲôܡ
ھ֪ƥô£
ͻȻһ˵˼ž
ôˣһȻȲƥװ׵ĿƥСӴƤˡֱǳ裡
εƲѡ˶ǰμݿͣҪɱĿѴ֮
ΪƥȻӲİˡ
ƴȫ׷ƥһʵ޷ӡͷβûн֡
ʼʱּ䣬巴Ӧһ㣬һƥȴʮ㣬ڸоΣʱӲĿ˰ġ
ģʹⳡɱӲıһ׷ɱ
бжˡ
ƥҺʶһ㡣ѩеǻʼҵǵƥȣ˲һء
֪˶ãһ˵
Ȼǰɵ˵ƥսٶȣݿʹ붼ˡ
鱨棡
ҪץˣǰƤɣ
һɱʮ޺޵
ص£Ⱥ˵˵ȴһ
ǲû׷СڣСû£
ξޱȡ
ĵСڡڿȺӦǿСڣҷСڱûˡ
ֻǽֻܹҰ￴ѣ׷СڵٶȣԲŻڵһʱ䷵쿴
ֻҪСû¾ͺá
а
ӱɱ˵õϢˡ
ѪˣѪСˣȷʵˮ̶ܹ
ͻȻһ˷ܵģЩˮ̶ߴ
ˣ
͵һϣ˲
Ѫ
˲˴ˮ̶ʱ̶µǿѪ

һˮɽߣݿͼͬʱˮ̶ݿ͵ķȥ
ѪѪҺɫǸողõ¡СӹȻ
һͻȻ֮ýš
ߺߣǴȻеɽ֮ûõģӲԶǸһĹôܵġ󱳷˻ľҲһˣ
ƣܲԶ
ϸһڸ

һƿУݿͼͬʱ˰ͻȻ֮Σ
ڵصףɫˡ
Щ˱ĻҪ
̶ߵѪѾˡЩ˻Ƿ˿켣ڵѾжϳĴ·Χ䲻
ˣ
սȫëףֹͣˣеĻܽ͵˶㣬˼㡣
ÿһÿһ룬ʱбֵĿܡ
һңһطҪŹܻܿ
һݵ˵
ݿͽʩչ˼㣬ÿݴԣҡľʯ춼ûзŹ
ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬𶯣һֻĽھ岻Զĵط
һݿͣ
һ
ѾԼֶβȱݿ͵ĸ֪һǿϺܶ࣬㹻Ȼпܱ֡
ˣ
ڶֻƾܸоϴ΢΢
ݿƺоʲôڵĹľ
ˣһ
ξˡ
ڵصףͷƤֻҪǰһ㣬ͿԲȵڵĺˡ
ôľ룬мĸʱ֡
ţʲôûУ
ͻȻһԶԶһȺֶûгƺͳͳʹôš
ͬʱŲȻֹͣ˾һҵĵط
ûУ
۾ĵطһĺݿפͣ۾ڵĵطɨһۣеĳֲһ󣬱ͷ˵
ĽǶȣȷʵκεӰ
һңܲԶ
ݿ͵ġ䡱ƺǴһ߸ߵϴġ
ŲܿһͣȻתͷطȥصף峤һ
һȺˮ̶Ϊģ̺㷴ͣʼһʱ仹ã廹ֱܷһˡ
ǽķչȴԤϡ
ڶ̶̵ʱڣڵصٸоĲͬӰǵʵ͵һȫͬ
߼䣬ڵ洫Ҳȫͬġ
мΣ廹оƺսԼֻ̤սĸ֪Զߣĳ߶Ⱥ˲ûзʲô
⵽ô£
ڵصףɻѡһܹ⣬ǺĵڶĲô£
ѵ˵Ĳֹһˣ
˵ҪԸԼԶֹһ
ԼھʦֻôȼҰɡ˵溲˶ˣ
ô󵨰ɣ
ͻȻ֣鷢չЩˡΪڵص׵ʱ巢ƺͻ
⵽ô£
ԻѣԺƺԽԽҲԽԽԻˣ⼸ڵصףƼأԽ
ģڳ˯ȥ
Ϸ飬嶼֪ˡ
ֹ֪˶ãһ죬죬죬ûһ㶯
쳣İڽ廽ѹ
𣿡
аȴҴ⡣˭Ҳ֪ЩǲǻǱΧݿ֮ʵʵǲԳȥȵġ
ĵȴƬ̣ȷΧȷʵûˣƿ㣬СĴӵص̽ͷ
ƽ˾һƬʪ󣬿¹ꡣ
ϸһ󣬲ûκε岢Ҵ⣬Ȼˮ̶Χûˡ
˭Ҳ֪ǲطš
ңû˰ڣԼֻţº߳ʦصʦ֪Ҫʱ䡣
ɽڴΣ
ǰĴûиı١
ʱ򣬿ΣȿΣջҪ¡
̽ӣԺд˷ͣ˼ĿǰĴѰſܵ
ǣ
˼ʱͻȻһӶߴ㱼ƺʲôе˳
ʶĵͷ
һĴָϸͨĲͨͲ͵ߵĵط˵һ㶼ۡ
ǿϸСͲȴĻһ¡
ϵͲ
ѵӪʱǧ·ӸԼġҵʱ˵һ仰
Σʱٴ򿪣
ԺһͷٿͲĿͻȻ΢


381 
꣡
û˿ԥָһ˲Ͳһˡֻһ죬Ƭѣƺʲô˳
һֺϸķĩһһϸɰľмһ㡣
ǡ
һϸɳķĩͫ͵һ¡һɲǣһӹԺʲô
ͲյǶˣһֱܽľ룬ŵһɼζƸȴһӵζ
ǿ㹻дķĩŲ
ǧ㣡
һͷӹԺͻȻ֪ǧԼʲôˡһƳɵķĩϡ٣ǳѵá
һ׷ѰĶ
صܹɢһ˵ıӺŵζײᴵɢǧ֮⣬Ҳһŵ
ζһŲһ־ѵķȴܹųѭζһ·׷١
Ǿеһⶫ̣רڳͼġ
ҪǣǲҪóʹõģװͲУζ͸Ͳһɢ
ϱ±´Ԫ˧ĸλӴǧ㣡
ǧͲװǧ㣬Ҳ˵
ǧѵӪʱѾ֪ҵ٣Ҳ֪
ͷӹԺ
֪ǧԼıֶʲôˡ
ϮڣѾȥüˡʱ㣬ϮϢҲӦɢȥˡǧǱҲӦѾ֪Լзˡ
仰˵˵ǧѾڸϹˡ
֪ôˡ
ӺѸΧ˴ǧ㡣ַʽӿеζŨȣҲΪָ
һУʣµСͲǧ㣬˺֮УѹαװȻٴʩչ˹Ϣ
һΣ֮ǰҪʶҲԽԺ
֪ȥ˶ãǱһϤѵġ
Сӣҵˣ
һ󴼺񡢺ͻȻڶϺͻȻһɴƿһֻ׳ֱ۽Լϰ
۾һĵ͸УһϤӰࡢ˶ͬɽ㶸ȻԼǰϴԼϤЦݣظ
̹٣
ǿЦЦǳ
ڿǧɲǣ֪Լˡ
Сӣ㻹ҶΪˡǿϧôǧ㡣
ǧЦŰں壬ЩĻο
һ̹ѧ棬ܳҲϮϢĲΪˡ
岻ʧ
ƾԼĻǺǻۣһ٣ɹ
ģ̹٣һ˰ܣ
ɫ԰ףѵЦЦִȡСͲǧ㡣
Сӣ
Сܵǧ㣬ǧҲɶЦ
̹٣ҵİôˣҵ𣿡
ģڶȺɽһɽҵЩˡǵѾι˵ĵҩˡ⣬ӦԼҵʲôҩԹһЩƻ̫⡣ǵѾھˡ
ǧ
仰ŵڷűһޱȵĻ룬ȥ
壬壬壬塭
һ󽹼ӶߴԽԽСҲԽԽԶʲôҲˡ
һ˯˯˺ܾãмԺѹΣֳܿ˯˹ȥȵ峹׵ѹʱѾǾʦ֮еˡ
һڼ˺ܾá
ĸסСá㡢󲮶Σûֻ̫ǴҴҵ˵˼䣬ȥϢˡ
ǳƽʱ򣬾˽⣬ĸס󲮡Сáý㣬ֶֹ˵šʲô
ϵЩ˳֣Ϲܼҡ¬͢г͢ϵĴ󳼣󲿷ֶֻſһ۾ˡ
ǳǾܲܳȥҲоóһܲƽ
󲮳ֵԽԽ٣żֵļҲǴŭģȴԼһƽ͵ԼҲԳһ˿ŭ
Ǹ£һԼĶûС
мʱյ˴Ӿһšǳļֻ̣ѯһԼ״̬ʲôҲûˡ
򵥵ĻһţѯһЩе״̬ʲôҲûˡҵԺǽһ޴ӣ棬Ҳ档
һصһΡһԶеҲƻ
ԴڸУŲʣĬĬ
Լ֮߰ڵƻָ߰˰ˣˡڵһ߳˷š
ү
ӣ

⣬һȺѾŮ׷Ŀи͸¶ĵɫô죬ΧŹϮ飬治ֳ֪˶ķ粨
ô⻹˵һο߳˷䡣
ţ
˵ͷʱˡС𣿡
ӣС档кܶ
һ˵
˵ͷ̨ȥûٶ˵ʲôһתǵķȥڣ⻹һμСڡ
Ǹ˵ûСȷʵõ˺ܺõϡ嵽ǵʱ
Сھ룬ϡϣɴ˲ҩЩֻЩʯࡣ
ΧһѶѵĻƶͲ϶ѻͬһСɽһСվܳԵ
ֹˣ֪ĸһ⣬˸ľȻΧС˸޴ת̡ЩСɽĲϺͻƶͷתһϡ
СҪĶѶֻҪ򥶯һһͿˡ
Ⲣܹ飬ϵʱ򣬿СѾܹϤˡ
ϣ
û忪ڣڵȷ壬۾һһϣĳ˻ͻȻӵվ
ȻЩҡΣЩѣǰڻǳɹˡȻʱҲָ˲١
߹磬廳廳ǵ˻ĥУ˼ӡ
ǺǣСڣǳ˲ٰԺôܵö
帧СڱϵëȤ
ûСڸ֮󣬲ûбݣ÷׳˲٣ߵĶӹĹĵģ϶Ǳ⡣
óʱĻʳɲһĺá
ϣ
Сڴ磬ٴ죬ͷ­΢΢£ƺȡЦСһ𾭹νѣѾʶСǾԡ
һƥȫͬ

СƺҲеˣҲɹЦ˵ĵʱˡ
Դļ֮ĵľСڡǿСȻһΣգһһܹͬʱ˵ˡ
Իƶȥ˶˹ɲСߣҴȥߣɹɹ̫
Ű͹⻬Ĳ
ڱǿ𣬵˵ͷƺ˵ԡ
΢΢һЦҲûȥǣôת֣һ˵ǰ档СھͰĸĺ档
֨ƣ
һųġ⻹һ߳š
ôˣЩҲ˽˽ˡ
̾һͷ⣬ȻСڴ˳ȥ


382 ͽ
ǵġԺûʣһʦеҴĹӾۻᡢĵط
ҴУֻЩϵĹӲʸ롣
ȫɫĲϽɣͱ£߹ϡǰֻȽϸߴɵɫ¥ǰص㡣
ȻԺ֣Ⱳӣȴǵһվⶰ¥ǰ
վɫǰܹԺ¥ڣｻ֪Ҵӵۻᡣ
𣿡
̧ͷǰԺһ˿ӵɫ
عӣѾĺˡ
һ͵͵ӱǳĹ
֪ˡ
嵭Ȼɿемɫľݻȥߵĺÿһޱȡ
֨֨ر
վס
ϵɫľݾͷԺſڣһϿ浶Ľ˶ľװ壬߳ȡ
Ժʲô˶ܽȥģҪҪƾ衣ǰİĺܣԲԺĳ͡
סڣ
û˵꣬һģɵͻȻӺ̽һסͣ˽
۾ĴҲʲô𣿸Ͻ¡
۹͵͵Ƴһ⣬ļɵ
ʱ䣬Χžҵλֳ֪˶飬Ҵ嶼ǣ˽ȥ
ҦҶֵøͷ
˭֪ıգķԺλҲŭڵľûвʶλӵġ
û˸ͷϣŭҡ
Ȼĵ£ܶ˶ˣλ¸صĴƾŹʵҲǴ̣ɨͻʵġ
ҵҲλƾŹۡ
ҹ
۹ߴ򣬰ſڵ֧ߡһҪȥк壬һۣһ飬æʶȤȥ
Ӵſ˽ȥһƬһ̸۵Ӷ¥ԵøĺҲע⡣
һ¶һ˿ЦݣȻ˳˶¥ڶ¥룬忴һϤӰԼһȺӵΧţ̸ۣ⣬ǻӭ
ǲ֪
߿Ȼͷϡ˵˹ȻܣȴҲǾ۾л¶ɫ
ͼ
忴˵ıӰͻȻڵ
ˣ
Ǹ̸۵ȻֹǱӰһȻͣ¥һ̰˼֡
ӣ
ͼת壬㱼䣬ɫ԰˼֣ܿ¶ϲɫ
ӣڻָˡ
һ˵ţһߴ˹
š
΢Цţ˵ͷ
Ѿ˼⡢Ǭ𣿡
ûС
ҡҡͷһϲĻͼֻ˵֣֡ͨܵûͼʱɫ䡣
˵Ļûͼ㡣
ͼ켷ϻ֮ı֪ʲô³𣿡
¡
һը䣬һ̣¥ӵ𾪵ĿУͼһͻȻһ͹ǰɫ԰ף¡
ˣ
һĻȺһƬȻмҴĹӸоղæ¥Ķ¥˳ȥ
ڼ̸оһĻΣաЩϳӵܣǴǰһĻųΣյζ
ھʦֵ÷з˭֪ڻͷϡͼһֱҹ岢ս£ǰһĻȻһأ
棬ԶٲԹ
ЩܲͣЩǲܲ͵ġ˵ǲͣմȾǲմȾһµġ
ߣ
Щܿģ

ӵԼѣѸٵȥ¥ӵܾȻһ˲˵øɸɾ
ʵֹ¥Ķ¥¥ӵܵõϢһ߰׷˳ȥ
飡
һŹرյ¥´ֻһ˲֮䣬Ժĵģֻʣͻͼˡ
ҵĽʽ
¥ˣ壬ǻͼžʦеӴ塣رǿǵĿǰľʦʱԲ˿Բ͵ʱ
帺˫֣û˵ĵ¥ȫˣҲ¥¹ŵȻعͷ˻ͼϡ
ͼɫ԰ףĺ·ʪ͸ˡ
׼һ𣿡
忴Żͼ
ӶѾ֪ˣͼ޻˵
ͼҧʹͷڵϣ嶼ҵĲ
ߣ㵹ˬ졣
Ц
ͼģԾҵġҵĴ÷ʽֻ㣬һЩѾúҿս׼Ӧ֪ûǻƼҶǾġ
ӣƼ޹أҵһ˵⣡ҪͷͳͷҰɡͼ޻˵
ͼңɫԽĲ԰ˡ
Цһֱʾ˶Ǹ˵ݡƱۣƱۣһΣΪڵ͵㱻ء
Щ˻Ȼˣֹ壬ǾҵĵϵǾʦԺյĽ֮һ
Ը⣬ʱô󲮡̫ףд󳼣Լҵһ䳾
ҴүүŹڣʮʱ䣬Ѳһͨŵô򵥡ǽ֯һӴ硣
ڣӵԶڶ
ҴӲˣȥˡⲢ˵ҾͲûŭ𣬸κμ嶼ﵽͷϵġ
ѵӪӵһμʱ򣬾Ѿϳ˰ɣ
嵭
ǣ
ͼҧûзϡ
֮·ңҲǹİɣ
嵭
ǣ
ͼ˵ͷǼ϶ĺ鶼˳һεεĵ䡣֪ǰԼʲôܶס
ס֣Ѿˣ
ͼʹͷڵϣкڲѡ
ߣ
ֻһЦ
Щûлͷ·ġȥ߻ƼҰɣ飬ҵŻƼҵĽǻƼңͿԼˣ
˵仰粽ת뿪ԺŴ򿪣һʹ޵
ӣȥ
ӭ棬ӥһֻ񣬴˹
֪ͨ˼ǬԼھ¥ϼɡ
嵭Ȼɫľ̨ס

벻棬ͼȻͽ
飬¥¥˼͵һϣһķ߷ߡ
Сˡһ·ϣԭڰϻ
˼ԱߣǬ̾һҲǸпѡ
⻹˵һξۻᡣ
¤뿪ڹٵǰ˼⣬Ǭ֪ڹ
¤صľʦĵ·ֹһڹԷǾԲ֪뿪ʱλõġ
ⲢʲôѲµĶ
Դ¤£˵ʱ򣬲ǰ˼⻹Ǭ˭ûг֣ûȥϵ
֪ضи䡣ҲԻ͸
˺֮󣬵һȥ˭˭һڹֻôҲû뵽ڹȻпЩɵɵģ³ç˼Ļͼ
˲ò࣬ˮɶ
һ̣ˮʯ˶겻ѡ


383 ң
ϾһսģǼ鷢֮ǰǰ˼⣬ǬԻͼ൱εġ
ΪѾһεģܲɷֵ塣ԵǼ鷢飬еķŭʧͿ֪
̫ʧǵƴȫȥ
˼
ĲָͬƼҪͶҲûа취¡
Ǭ
˼⣬ÿܶࡣҴǾʦֵز湴ᣬβȣ
ͼΪʵ޿ɺǣֻͻͼͬǣѺϡ
ܹӹɱƽҲ֤۹⡣
Ǿֵȥֵ֧ġ
ֻһ飬һһֱûŪסô֪й¶Ϣǻͼģеˣ
˼
Ϯĵط˼Ҳһֱ˼һ⡣ĸ棬˭й¶Ϣˣ
ȥڹеκһˡκһԸȥɡ
˼⻹ûпŪˡʵ޹أֻһɺϣʲôط
ǵ¥ϵʱ򣬰˼еһ˿ϣҲˡ
ڣ˼ֻ֪嵽Ǵ￴ģȷͼڹͽģ
ʵǺѲ¡
һеĿǣ
ҲμѵӪ飬ʵ˿֪ܲҦҵһа취֪һѾ֪
ҳõֻᣬǾԲŹֻһ˾ǣʮǸ֣ҲһɶԸ
Դ¤صʱǾֻᡣҪ֣ǱҪӦӦֻܳĸ档
˵˴Ҳ겻ѣ
̹˵ҲϣͼڹҲпŪˡǸ֡ǽ֤Ҵˡ
ǵҴӴ󶷾ξô˵𣿡

ǵã˵Ҫ뿪ˡ
Ǭڵ
š
˵ͷĿͻȻúޱȣ
ҹģʱǻûյ͢ǾԲ뿪ǸʱҸԼ˭Ҫǿ˵Ҫʱң˭ڹΪԸҵĻĻᣡ
Ļ˼Ǭ࿴һۣ˶ȻһǸû뵽嵱ʱ˵仰ʱ򣬻һ˼
ҪأϾǿһģҲ̫˰ɣ
˼
ǺܿϷ֣Ƕڰ˼˵ǡ
ǺǣҲֻǿɶѡǼǵֻ׸𣿡
ЦĿޱȡ
ͼҪȴ̫ˡ
ֻ׸ʲô𣿡
ǬüͷǿͰ׸ʲôϵ
ˣǾʱ̫ɣܿɣ
˼˼ϸ룬ʱȷʵҲɣǸû̫
ˣʱݡ˼⣬㻹ǵǷŵʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷ
˼üͷ˼
ʱ˵
˵ϢҪڵ׶ε֮󣬷ؾǸ
仰ȴǬ˵ġ仰ǵú
ǵġ
˵ͷ
͢˵Ҫڵ׶ε֮󣬷ؾǸû仰˵Ǳ߸Ͳ֪ǷѾ񡣡
͢Ǳߴ޷ȷǷѾ£µǬ㻹ǵǵһʲôʱյ𣿡
ʵ
ڵһ㣬ÿ˷䵽ʮ֮յġ
Ǭ˼
͢ȷѾ˵һ㣬ȻŷŸ롣Ÿ˵ǻûʱ򣬾ͷһȥȻ֪ǱôģǺʣǱһײġ򵥵ķԤʱ䡣
Ԥǲൽ˵һ㣬ȻŻյŸ롣
嵭
˼⣬㻹ǵõڶֻŸʲôʱյ𣿡
ǴɽѨĽ£͢ǽ£ǵʱѾǽˡ
˼
ط˵վסŵġ
ˣһ׶εȷʵѾ˶ԲԣûɣǸʱҲɲˣԲԣΪɽʵԽԽǿ

˼Ǭ˵ͷϸ˼ȷʵˡҪɣǸʱҲӦˡɲˣô涼ɲˡ
⣬ǻǵĳѨ𣿡

һ
˼˵ͻȻͣסˣ̧ͷ壬·ʲô
û
²豭϶˰˼Ĳ²⣺
µʱϮͻȻ㳲˽ǡ仰˵ʱĶ򣬾͢涼ûԤϵõġԲŻִ󡣡
Ȼ׶εŸ룬ʲôʱյģ
ıⳲѨ
˼λشĺܿ졣
ûͨһڶֻŸǻ𣿳͢һ׶εѾɣһ׶εûչʱ򣬲ŻͳŸ룬񡣶޷ȷǵ׶εǷѾɵ£Ƿ׶ε
ҵʱͼȷžԲǳԱ

ʲô
仰ǬͰ˼˶סˡ
壬˼յǷǼٵģ
˼һ𾪡
˽Υź
Ǻǣûô˵ꥻܲʶżֻһҿԿ϶ǾǷţ֮ǰյǳͬһط
ûв²⣬Ƿһ׼õġΪ֪ǵ׶εʲôԸûдݡͬʱҲ֪ͼʲôʱҪдķǳģ
źʹûͼʱҵߡ˻ɡǺĻ
嵭
˼Ǭ˵ˡȻ͸ߣǺö飬˵ƣǸͿ
ǣȻѾɻͼˣΪʲôҪأ
˼ͻȻڵ
Ϊͼһֱû
̾Ϣ
˼漴ӦͼֻӦϢﵽλж֮ǰӦǰġ
ΪҵЩݿ͡ɱȻʶ
ǻͼȴһֱû뿪
׼Ը
˼
ǾͿƼôشˣ
嵭

ǻƼҵĻشԶĻҪöࡣȥ¥ĵϣƼҵļɫأԳҡ
ӣǻƼҵĴҶ㣬һңǻƼĲ֪ȫǸţ
Ƽҵļһң¡
Ƽҵļ˹꣬ʮˣһʣΪԶԶԽ侳
ǰλ߳ߣײϥĻƼҼҲԼͷ­¡¡λͱԼС˺ܶǰ
Ѿ޹ͣߵľΪˣ֮ĦҵĽʽ
ľңƵ۹㣬Ժյ֮һ
ǻƼҵļ屳ļǰҲֻܵͷοƼµ飬ʲôС¡
ǹϵƼҵӡ
ǾǻƼҾΪУͽҦҵĶԹһ㣬빫ζҪǡ


383 ƼҵĽ
ƼҼ˵ţ£ͷ­ĸˡ
Ⲣ˵ģǴƼжҵ̬
Ƽҵøͨ籨ţ塣Ѿʵ
Һִ֮ҲеɽġƼ飬֮ҲǼɻ䣬ھԲκһһǡ
һе֢ڡ
ƼҼ֪Ҫȡҵ½⡣һеĺġ޷ȡ½⣬ȵŹĳӳ棬ȴģǾҺͻƼ֮ս
ⳡսУƼҾԲӮ
۾û˵
֪Ƽҵ˴˿ʵ;һ֮䡣֮սụ̂ҳ̶ȴй֮޲
򣬾Ҳɲ̫;
һζüȨҲǵһһˡ
ֻ֪ҪԼҡһͷܴ󲮻һվԼߡǱߣ嶼յš
ֻҪһͷ̫Ǳ߾ԻңĴӸ棬ȫѹƼҡ
ô飬̫ңѽ֯Ϊһεϵ硣
Źϵĺģ塣
ǶǶ̫˶ǾԲܶġƼҵľٶԶֹһ˶ѡ
̫
ҦҺڻƼҲѡƲϵ
Ȼǲʼٸߡ
۾û˵ƼҼҧҧͷ亹
ӲĻҿԴǸ桭
ˣ
ƼҼû˵ͱˡ
ƼҼ̧ͷľ㵡Ϊͼˣû뵽
һɣ
嵭ĿԶ˿ı飺
ˣԼŰ졣
˵仰ת֣ޱ뿪˻ɱԭ£
ɱҲԱ½⣡
ɱǻƼҾӹһ٣
֮֮Ĺء
֮УԺûлƼͿƼ֮ıˣƼҼ˻Ӧ֪ôȥ
ƼҼҡҡλ뿪ҵģߵʱǻ㱡Ȼֻʮ꣬Ǻ򽻵ƼҼûио˿ɡ
һҹھǻƼߵġ

ӣ
ڶ峿ո廹ڴŵʱһŴų˽
Ŷ
ü΢΢˸
Ǳô˵
飬һ㶼ĸһŻֵԼ
Ϸ˵ùԼá
ڵ
֪ˡ
Ŀһ£ʲôɣ
ԭΪǸȴû뵽ȴһ廹ڷԶԶľһ嶣ײ
ӿлʲôûпоŵζ
ô£
ûзӦŴ򿪣һʮ߰Ůϱһɫ󽣴˽
ŮдӧˡϴŰȹǵģ̬续е߳һ㡣
ŮҲǰһ΢΢һ¡
ֻŮȻɫ֮ˣһȴޱȣͬ겻ıһ㡣
ʦƼһܷӣ
Ů߽䣬ûʻϥڵϣ״ĵ͵͵ģһ̵ľһ
˫־ʮ̴аָһ麯һ仰˵
幫ӣ
忴ź漸ԾۻĴ֣һ֪ǳͨ˵ֱʡźӸǵľǻƼҵļӡıŵݡ
Ƽҵʲô˼
һ˫üͷʵǿƼʲô˼
Ӵվһɫı£ϣȻѥ˹ȥӰŮнӹǷš
ڽӹŵʱָвһ£һֱĴдָ״
棬ɫŮƺҧһҵĲһ¡
Ҳû⣬źϸĿ
жûдȷʵǻƼҼױźڣô̵ʱ䣬Ҳû뵽ǻƼô˾һ
ͼ˽ԲҦҵĳͻ㡢ݺ壬ڹϳĵϵݣôϣ̤㾩ʦ
һ嶼ټͼ
⣬ƼҸֲҵĴأĲҩҩѵصսԼĻƽΪ¼е⳥
⣬Ƽ֮ڣе붼С
󡭡
һƤ͵һ£Ťͷһ۵ϲԲŮɫͻȻ΢͹
ǰ漸廹ǿġĻƽҵأԼƼĲҵ룬⳥νࡣ
ϣĴۣƼҪԪˡ
Ȼ֮򽻵ķʽҪһЦ𣬴ҲǾԲͬġ
Ϊⲻֹǹϵˣϵһ壬Լ۹עҡ
鷢չ̶ȣѾɲ塣˵ĸܻϲʲô֮ѾҪġ
ҪǾʦң
Һ;ǻƼң
ʱ򣬾ҪҪһ㣬ʦƼǱҲǾԲɴӦġ˵м˻֮̿ģΪҪԻƼ֣֮ġ
СھʦﳤΪˣֶĿȾûоҲǶ˵ġ
ʦӵѾ˵̫ˡ
ҵĹأⲻǽеģҲһ죬߱еġѾá
е۹ĹؾһֱĬĬת
Ƽ飬Ҫۣɡ
ǹؼһ
ƼҼᵽڴǻƼҵķģһζı䲻˵ġƼôҲûá
ΪƽϢŭҲΪƽϢƼҺ֮϶ƼҾɳܳŮ壬Ƽֲ
һƼҼἰʲôҪʲô鶼ǿԡ
ڿʼҵһӡ
ʼգٻػƼң
ǻƼҵ⣡

ţεĴǣ죬ҲɲǼִ㵣ʼϲĸо
ƼҼ˵䣬˵ƼҵŮ͸ԼˣԼ
ǶһףϤˡ
棬һ֣

Сҵ˴ңΪ˱ȫԼİͬʱҲΪôҵԭ£ʹķʽ
˵ǡŮ͡չʳȫʵϣʵ
ͨŮ֮ɸΪ񲯣ǿ֮ϵСڴңܹ÷չ
ңҲɴԭµСҡ
ûʲôԹܻġ
Ҵ֮仯Թ죬ЧͬʱҲ׵ķʽ
û뵽ִ˵еҳ׽ԹʽȻһήԼϣ


384 ܿܣ˶ѣ
һɲǣһƬžš
߰ɣ
˻֣ͻȻڵѾ֪ƼҵİŮԭˡ
ǲܴӦ
ûй뷨Ҳȫûй׼
ҵ׻ô
ڴʱɫ䣬һŮͻȻ̧ͷӦȴԤϡ
ǻƼѾ΢ֵزˣǻϷŹ𣿡
Ů壬Ȼ߰ͷ­ɫǿȴֵίǿҵֵί֯ŮžϣһּȵĳҲ
ҲҵıȻѹ滮Լδ
Ǽһȴʼδ
˵˱ҪӼˣεĸ߰εĲԸ⣬ҲҪӱӼš
˵ʲô
üӦ֪˼ǻһŮֺԼַʽǾԲܽܵġ
ȥɣ߲˷̡

㲻Ҫ̫ݣѾԼˣѵ㵽׻Ҫôĸ𣿻ƼҵŮҲǿģ
ܷףѩ壬ûɷףϵĻҲŶ쳹
㡭
üһ֪ܷᡣıⱾǲܷҸΪǡ
ǶԷȻôģԼˣ̰Ĳ㣬ҪĻƼŮԼ
ˡҲûô롣ָǣҲҪǻƼҸӵ˵Ҫ̣ȻҲĻƼŮ
嵭
УʵܺһƢָܷҵԸ񣬱ǲô˵ġ
һ룬ڻһУܷĻƼŮĵطȫûѡأвͬ飬ŭȻҲˡ
ܷ˴ǻŭͻȻйĶ壬ƺҪ͸е١
ɫ̹ӭŻܷĿ⣬û˿ܡ
ͻȻ֮䰲
·ֻһɲǣƺܷͣһֱͱˣŭĿ⣬Ļ
ߣѾֵزˡΪһ˵𣿡
ܷͷ­
һ㵣漴ƺ뵽ʲô׻ܷ˼Ҳ¶һ˿Ц
ܷ˵Ĳ
ȻȴġġƬ֮˵˻ܷҲ˵˻Ƽҡ
ҪĲԼļ仰ĳƬ֮ʣĳȷʵģԼİƾ֤
ûʲôַܱʽûƼҸİˣǿκεԺͱ֤
ڣҪò»ƼǱҲͬˡ
ôҴ忴ţǱ߿Ҳвͬ뷨
Ϊ㣬ŲɵĿЦ
˵ûߵһȷʵѾһ˵ˡ
忪ڵ
ߣ㲻Ҫ⣬Σ㶼óʵġһܷǾԲģ
ܷŭ壬
ܲ
忴ŻܷŭĿӵӣͻȻЦͻܷһ岢Թ԰ġ
ȻƺѾɸģǻƼҵ˼Ǳǲɸģ̹Ȼľͽʵ
ܷȻĿǰǲܰͻȥٽ飬ǿԿƵġ
ֻҪܣҵ޴̸𡣾͵ĶһŮŮͰɡ
ȻܹЩϰߣܹдӲϰߵϰߵĹ̡
ֻҪԼ̹Ҳûйϵˡ
ܷȴ֪е뷨ЦݴʱУֻǿɶޱȡ
ǽ֮ңԼȨƺ͵λѹǻƼʲô£
ܷɫ䣬΢΢̣ǳ
ǰλһȵûȥѹƼңǱѹĻƼҰңһ㣬֪ôģ
Ц
㡭
ܷɫһϣͻȻ֮˵
ǣƼֻǰʧ˶ѣ󣬳ɹӹһ١ǻƼѾҦҵĹϵڣҲʧܣͬʱҦҺӶѡ
˼ǻƼίҺҾ𣿡
Ȼ
ܷ촽ţٴƿԡ
ǿǶǻͼһ˵⡣ƾʲôҪƼΪ
ܷ
ǺǣȻֻǻƼҼ˵ǡͼɹˣһ˵ľƼҲԥҦҺ֦ɣ
帺˫֣Ц
ܷĬȻ
Ȼ˵ǣǻܷȴòϣıɱˣ˵ľͲǿܣһᷢ顣
ҵһԼġͼɱɹôܻƼԭʲôھϤһ֮һ᲻һеҦҺĹϵ
ҴıʹȻ
ܿܣ˶ѡԣҪٰѻƼ˵ôίˡ
嵭
һ䣬оĵģ֮ǰǳĻܷʱҲ˵ˡ
ܿܣǿʳⱾҴ֮򵥣ҲʵĹֻǰ˵ѡ
ǻͼҲȫΪԼҲ൱һΪԼļ忼ǡ
Ϊ˵ףɱɹĻƼҲߡ

ôŹ˻ͼ
󣬾¥ϣ֪˻ƼҵĴ˼Щ߷߲ƽ
ҲΪûƼҴͼ
Ǭһڲ裬ҲԱ˵ɫƽ·ֻ˵һ޹ؽҪ¡
·ϣͻͼʵǹϵõġһ·ˣһжһԸ塣
ʱǬȴû˿ͼ˵˼
Ⲣ飬ҴĴֶξͼ飬һ衢һáһƣ˽ݺô򵥡
巴Ӧ죬Լ˸ӣ˭Ҳ벻ĵصˡ
˵ǾĽ壬ͻңҲǾԲŹͼġ
ͼֻҽУĽݡΣΪҵ棬ΪԼͼǵġ
ĸңġĻ൱ڱĹԼҵİɱ
ˣ˵Ź˻ͼ˶൱ͻأ
ȷʵǿɱ
ɫƽ
ңҲȷʵôһǷˣ
Ϊʲô
˼Ǭ˶üͷһĲ⡣ȻΪʲô
û˵г̾ϢһԺȴ˺ܶࡣ
ΪкܶζҳֵĻģնûô
岢ɵӣͼҲͣڹй¶ϢķϣʵԹԶ֡
ڶԸʱȷַܵĸо
ں˹սʱ򣬳һƬңʱͼʵҲԹҪֵġ
ΪٴθܵԲķâ
һΣڹٵϣͼκݿͶҪԼͻȻѣҪԼأֻҪԼƬ̣󣬾аڵļ٣ԼҲǺӵġ
õĻᣬͼ˶ֵĻᡣ
ڤڤУ˻ͼ¥˵Ǿ仰
ס֣Ѿˣ
仰ŹĹؼԭⲢнƱ棬ǻͼеʵ뷨
ҲֻܽͻͼΪʲô·϶ɱȴȫʡ
һʧǧźޣٻѰЩ飬һˣûлͷ·ģ


385 ӣ
˼Ǭԭί겻ѡ
Щ˵ȻҲǲ֪ġЩףΪʲôͼҪأȴǷŹˡ
ͼԼԼ
Ǭп
Ҳ
˼ͻȻЦ壬һޣ
һͼȴӻƼӮһεεĴˡ

˼˵ǬʱЦƼҽһܳŮ͵ҷ壬ھдķзѲʲôܡ
жҳͻԼҴ壬ھûв֪ġ
ȻϮܷ飬ȴַͨʽǹעˣ˭Ҳû뵽ġ
Ϊ飬ԾҷŹ˻ͼǱְ㡢ɱ飬Ǿ£˼⡢Ǭڣû˾Ĵʲôġ
ȻһõĽ
ܶңԻƼңˣ
ǻ쵰˵˵ʲôֻһѡ
һΡ

εӣЦԽ޼ɵҲԽˡ棬ȤľǾǻƼľ
ǰһǡӣҪ⸱Ǻ
Ǭ붼÷ǳȤ
ߣɡƾʦ˫ġӡ˷̵Ůͣ㻹Ҫô
˼˵ţݺһۡ
ӣ
һĴ㵡
ǺǣʦպʵǻƼҵĻܷҲǻһߵŮ㲻᲻֪ɣ
㵵ӣǬҲͻȻоȤˡ
ǻƼҿ϶ǱȲҵģƼҲǾʦеĴ塣ھʦϲҴӵУûв֪ӡʦƼҵġ
ԼҵġǹͮǻƼҵġӡܷЩǷҴƵ۶ΪӵĽʢˡ
ݣЩŮӶһ
ӡܷԿŽʦǰλԶǹ֮ͮϡ
ⲻֹΪܷ͸СƤѩһ㣬ҪǣܷΪͮҪߡ
֣ɵסھʦûв֪ġ
ԼҵġǹȻ⣬ǸǻƼҵġ־סвٵĲࡣ
ھǻƼңܷʮΨһһ޳ɻƼҡ־סã
Ȼ
𵴣˼
û뵽Ǹ峿ĴǰƼԼĻܷȻǾʦġӡ
ϱӾһֱûǬ˼ЩҵϵĲ㼶ԺܶЩӵǶĳʶûнӴ˵һ֪⡣
һܷʱ򣬱ϱһɫ󽣣Ϊóǽѹûλʦϵһ
Ͼӵġ־סͽ־ѧ
˼𵴵ĻԶŻܷݽ¶ҲһЩ
ӡ
ʵģȻϱӣλʦ˾绹Զ
֣ɵסλƼʢãϱȷʵӴͷұ֪ҪǿĶࡣ
žޣ߰ϵǷ켫ĳɾͣúܶͬŮĪģѼ
ǣĽȴ̫á
Ƽҵġ־סȱݵģʮûɲûԭġӻܷǿɣ޴
ڵʱΪܷΪߣԻǺԣӰҲ
Ǻ棬ܷΪԽߣµİ˾Խ󡣵յ¾ʦµڶʮ겻Ļ
һôѸ١ͻأ
Ȼϱûмӣı廹˵ġҲϧѡ
ֻҲûϵӾǻܷһƼ͵Լʵ컯Ūˣ˴㵲ѡ
ߣηӻƼ̵˴ˣ˸ˣһܸ˰ɣ
˼һֱ壬Ӷ治˵һֱ˼Щõ
а
˼ɫ䣬ЩЦáⶼ͸˼˵ĸһ
ǬаЦ˼еĳζɵӶó˵ˡ
Ǹ˼⣬壬һе£ˡģ
ǬһװƵӣվ
Ųɵʱм䡣
ߣҪģˣ
˼ⲻ֪ʲôԭͻȻˣվ˵˦ߡ
Īȫ֪ô¡
ŮĻǺ밡
ֻǬԱ߿ʲôҡҡͷȻһЦ
˵飬ֻȥǲֲϵġ

ôƼҺ֮ĳͻƽҲ˸һ䡣
ҦҺ
ֻҪû֤ݵ飬ǸɵģҲ˿ûа취ҲҴ֮һĬϵĹ
ҦҺҲûиۡҵĵ˵ʱܵǿĴѹ
ҦڱԴΪܵ˴ż
ҦңһζѡĬϡԴƽϢҵŭ
ҪȻĻֻǡսˣ
ϾοҵλүӶŭˣ

Ҳ÷ѵӪˣ
ƾ棬վҸڵĴſڣҲ˷ѵӪ˼
ѵӪѾжʮˣ嵽ڶûзѵ
׶⻷Ľ嵽Ҳһֱû쵽
ڼҲˣбҲ˹ġ
СڵƻûȫãһƥСڡлܷһ·ˡ
ߣȸ˵áֻİȫģһŲܡҲǿʲôҾԲͬ⡣ˣʱǾһƣ
ٵϣܷһɫ󽣣һƥȫ̸䡣
ǣ̡Һûнһɡ
쳤̾һε
ȥѵӪûлܷλʦӲ֪ô֪ҪȥѵӪӻƼҪһƥԼ͸ˡ
㻹˵вУʱʲô𣿡
ܷŭ

ĬȻ
⻹޿ɱ沵ƼҸܷ񣬾壬Ҫһ񣬾Ǳİȫ
ϾѾΪƼ⵽һɱˣҲһֱ
һʵѾûϵˡ
ΪܷҲԲܡ
ֱܷԻƼҡ
ܷ̬ȣӣҲòϣܷȷʵһ޶˵ľˡ
Ƥǳϸ壬Ǽѩףֹǰף͸һ㾧Ө͸ζͬ֬һ㡣
νӴеĽӹƼźʱ򣬲Žֻһָȴּ们壬ǵĸо
ƺֻƤô򵥣ƺ书ҲһĹϵ
ϸ硢ȴָһͦϵУ־Ķǵ
ӣ
忴Żܷ毺áŵıӰԺһͷϣŸ٣˿īѩĻܷȷʵŵͬһʳ˼̻һ㡣
壬ıӰҲжһ£Ǿ񣬾
ݣ
һһѸѵӪȥ


386 ͨҵһ
ʮ·̺ɽ͵ѵӪķˡܷǲܽѵӪġ
׼ֹԺȥ
׻ѵӪһûʣܶƻֺĽɽʹúԶҲܸоһɺǿҵӾ
ֹԺˡ
岻ǵһοֹԺˣһθоȴⲻͬ
ô£ôô
ܷüƳһɽЩɻԱߵ壬׷ʲô
˵ĵ̣ɽǸطȻʧص״̬
ĬڱȻܷҪɻ
ֹԺ˽˵ֹ̣ˣɽǡûǲġ
رֹԺ˴֮󣬸ˡ
ңֹԺκ˴ԸһǾôɽһȺѣֳһš
ô£
һȳɽȥ
ԽӽɽԽ󣬶еУһһĺ
һԳԵ߰Խʮ㣬Ÿһȵζͱˡ
ֻǴһǰƺһöûС
޻˹
ü˲˳ǵڶǸŮӣһġͷ޻˹
ڵһʹδŹԿ϶ֹɽϸûˡ
⵽ô£
Խɻˡһµģ޻˹ȻֹԺʵΪ⡣
գǰֹԺɽǰ˶עˣûע⵽Ӻͻܷһˡ
ӣ
۾һϲĿɽ¡վֹԺб෽λɽ˹ֻ⿴һۣû뵽Ȼ塣
û˿ԥתǰ㣬ֱȥ
ӣˣȥи߷塢κȥ
ұǰһľϲ
𼱣
˰ֹ֣ң
ȸҵô£ֹԺôֳӣ
һʱ䲻ڣֹԺֳ˵ʵеССʧ
⡭
ͷЩΪѵ
ʵҲ֪ǰɽͻȻôһʵǿǿĲ˼顣һָҪ㣬֣ɲԺＸֵܿͶ֣˭֪Ķ֡һ϶򲻹
Ƕ˵㹫Ѿȥִˣʱﲻߡ˵ʲôҪֹԺһ˸ظ췭ڶ䱾üȮԺûˡ˽죬ֱӾͶ˴ţýó
ұԾ䣬һΡ˵ʵ̫ǿ̫ǿǸĶ֣ʱҪŭһеȵӹ˵ôҲʶ𣿡
ҿ
ΪȵˣڿôҲʶ
ΧĵģܷҲ塣
Ȼҵ£ûʲôϵҲδ̫ˣ˶򵽼ˣȻ˼ʲô֪
ĬҵĻĵһӦǲҦҺڸݣǺܿͱˡ
ٵŸոշãҦҺʱӦûһ㡣ǵĻǾ;ʱֳʲôοֲִڵķʽ
ҦҺֻ˭أ
嶼벻Լʲôˣ
ȥ
ûоκˣͻĺĶȥ
쵰ÿҿǹͲĴ𣿡
ٺ٣Ұô涨˵Ǵ˵˵ʶ
ˣʶȻ嶼ƾŲҾͿԽ㷢߽ǧ
ߣ㵹ȥɡҵǰͲáΪԸ⵽ﰡ

ϣվøߣԶһ۾ͿֹԺĴſڣһྫŸ첲һ׳ڴſڡ
˫ſʴΣס˴š
ûм˸ߴ󡢽˶׳Ӵޱȣһļһ㣬׳˶ޱȡ
վǰͺˮһֱСӺʹһ
øߣ
һۼǴ󺺣̲ס岻ûм͸ߴ׳˶ģ¾ּ
ǰҲһͷ
һж׶øߣ
尵Ծ
Ƶ۹شﲩһߵĴѴѣһװ˾ˣ׶Ǿ޽С
ȫһްԣϣǿ󣬸һּ𺳵ĸо
Ķ桭
޻˹Գ˵֣嵹е޻˹ΪʲôôİԼˡ
޻˹ǴעҪ棬ԼϴԼ֪峱սܡԭ򣬿ؾԼڵġ鱨ϵͳ
ԼִѵӪֿ۵ý֦Ҷҹ϶ȥɵġ
ÿ춼ԼֹԺռһϯ֮أÿ춼˱
ǾްԵĴ󺺵ס˴ţסȥ·Ҳѹ޻˹쭡
ӣ
ͻȻȺһκ۾һһ۾ͷϸ߳һͷ塣
ˣ
κһ䡰ӡѸע⣬һʯӽƽĺС˷Ŀʱȫ˳κĿ˹ȥ
ӣ
ӣ
ӣ
̫ˣҿ쿴ڻˣ

˷ԭŭݵ˿Ÿͷֵ壬һѩ˷ܲѡ
ͳͻĵ޻˹;ްԵ׳ҲһŤͷ˹
ʱΪȫĽ㡣
ֹԺǵ֮ľ䡣ܵ׳ݱ˼ֱϲ⡣
Сӣˣ
޻˹ĺһһҲľվһߡȻСˣԼȥɲơ
Υˡ
Ц֪ȥˣһԷ˷׷׸
Сӣҿǵȵˣ
һͬʱֹԺĴſڣߴޱȣ·ްһ׳ͬʱĿһ뿪ţ󲽳˹ȥ

׳߹ȥΧһ߰㣬׷ȥֹԺ죬˿Ƕ׳ᡣ
һȺȥûһ֮У˭Ķ֡һͳͳñס
ʱ߹ĸҵ
һȺ˲óһֱͨͨ塣
ٺ٣ɣӲŲʲôӵܣӴӸû꣡ҵЩӸ統ʲôūţ
׳ǣŭߵǰ˵һֻȵȵĴ׳ֱ˹ָһţͷͷץ


387 ͨҵ
һץ׻ޱȣ
ס֣
ʯ䣬ӰһһİɫӰͻȻ֮Ƕ׳֮䣬һϸָ͸񣬺һϣס׳׻һץ
䣡
裬䣬һˣ۾ܷɫ΢ףؿڼ
ĳྫ׳ȴ˿ͬʯһ㡣
ףСŮˣ벻㻹е㱾£ٽһƣ
ǳྫ׳΢΢һƺԼ̫С˻ܷ΢΢¡âһһֻ޴ƣ֮䣬ٴŻܷץ˹
һץ֮ǰȻָͬ͸¶ƣɽѹأ޷赲
Ѿʲô侳ѵӪ¶ûм˿赲
ס֣
ۿܷҰɫȴȻ촽վԼǰ˿ûÿ˼̲סһֹˡ
ˣ
бƶʱȻֹư磬ɽҲڻܷͷһߴͣ
ΧһƬ󺺳ֵ̫ǿˣǹɱѵءɽζֱʯһѹ˴ˡ
ֹԺ⼸죬û˸ҿ
ߣСޣˣʲôУ
׳һջƣһ˫۾â䣬ǳ壬Ĳơ
ӵĻƽıΪһСһյõϢζҪըˡ
ʱ䣬ûеŭ𣬷ŭ
ҪС˵˵ʲô
û˵ĿⶢŶ׳濴ƽʵǷ
ҵ
׳ŭ֣¡¡ͬһԺмк¡¡һƬ籩꣬ǿˡ
ͨҵ
û뵽ԼֹԺſڴһŭһƵ׳ȻԼѾõͨҵ
ڵ۹ʷϣܹ󽫾λõ޼ָ󽫾λõģ󲿷ֶ뾫ڱ
ƾ£󽫾λõģǰ˫Ŀ𣬿ŭ׳ҵ
Ƶĵ۹ʷϣΨһһܹƾ˵£ٷ۹󽫾ͷ졢֥溲áث³ƽƽĴڡ
Ȼڵ۹ʷϣǰߵĵλҪѷɫںļ󽫾󶼻
ȷȷʵʵǵ۹ϵļλ󽫾ɣ
ҵ£Ѿ˸ߵķ롣Ѿˣƾһ֮ȶģʿŤתսֵĵز
ҵڣ۹ڣ
ҵ۹

һδ쳹սĿ𣬼Ҳ
ҵվĵطĶʯܶôǿĶ֣ôҵս֣ҵľԶɺе
ľӣͻ
ľӣԶǴĶʯıݱϣԼϣ
ڵ۹ʷϣûһƾ£ʿҰ˸սʿ£񲻿ɵսʿ
Ѿǿˣһδεİܾ֣ıսʤ򣬴һδһ㲻˼ʤ
ͨ󽫾ͷŵ
ҵǿѾκα֮ʦѹʽֵĵز
ļУǿĵоٲܵĶ֣ҲҪλ۹ͨ󽫾ȴη
ܵ۹ļƻҵõһԱ󽫣û֮һ嶼Ѿ뵽ͨɱǿнҵеԼ¡
жӾͿɼһߡ
ֻҲû뵽λδͨ󽫾ȻһַʽԼǰ
ȻϱӶͨ󽫾׹ּʵУʵǵһμ
û뵽İҰˣ
Ժд˷
ⷽһϢûǰǸһġϲ
ǰδͨŭӣֻԺ΢΢һתѾ׹ô¡
ҵսʿΪս
У޾ı
ǰĬĬţһֱ޿ĬĬ֮Сĺ뱲ӣƽ־Ըڵ۹ı߽һչƽ
೬˵̫ӣӬӪڵ֮䡱ĺԣ֮ȻȻͶЧ߽򣬴һĹ
֮ˡͶʴ֡Ĺ¡
³ԮҲСɷڱҰʬڴ֮䡱׳־һս߽Ч֮͢Уƽ־
ҵ־򣬾ѧϰЩǰʿͶЧ߽ѫһչбƽ

ˣΣӣҵʼ
û䣬ɽ飬޳٣Զǵλͨ󽫾һʱ˵仰
һڽ߾ƽãЧң硣ĺڰ֮ǰһƹ⡣
£Ҳһһ㣬۹յı
ĴƮǶʱ䣬ʼնûмλͨ󽫾ȴԶǵˣҲǵԷθǵǾ仰
һľˣ
жƽͱֱ
ˣλͨ󽫾ȴеһӮ巢ĵأ
ͨԼߣ൱һԭҲǳغ
ǰ׳ԺָǵӰӰ㱼·ںϵһипѡ
ڿ»ʲô֪ɣ
̾һ
ҵ־ҪսɳԼһֽͰ˾ʦֽԵĵط
־򱳵ۣҲѹŭ죬Ĳơ
һʼͳĵ⣬λδġͨ󽫾ɲԼеôа
ˣ
ͻȻڵȵ侲һּŵĸо
ҪΪūΪͣҲûֵ˼ģһʹ㣬ȥ
ƽϲ׳ʿ־ɳ򣬵սɳ񽫾ôûмֵװأٽҲĽҪͽһ컯ѡ
٣Сӣǰ˵˵ʲôС𣿾֮ʲôûУһҪʲôװ
߶׶ҵŭЦĻЦҲŪֱǿЦ
˲й
Ǻǣ
ȻһЦҲŭ侲Ӧԣ
˵ȸ𣿡
ʲôȸ֣ȸֵģŪң
ҵ˦˦ֱۣһĲͷ۵ûʲôøС

ҵĻΧȺʱɫ΢мֱĴЦڵĵ۶ûв֪ȸֽġ
ҵȻ˵ʲôȸ֡ȸ֡ģԹªţ֪飬Ϊƭ
ҵԹ˿ͷʱŹЦĻᡣмġ
˵Լ⼸˦øƵġһȺ˾ȻӲĵ棬ֹԺ
Ϊһжԭʶôǳ


388 ⣡
Ҳûж˵
ҵþӱھʦ֮أ֪ȸǺġҲǷйѹԹ޶ѡ
ﬣ
ûж˵һ仰ֻǳϵĳһӣﬣӹһ͹ʯΪϡ
ʯ滬Ͽڹ⻬羳
һУ˸Ȼȸֽϡ
Ƶᡣ
ȸ֣
嵭
ʵʤ۱棬˵ٶ࣬ûһ˵Ķ棬ҵǿʯʹסˡ
һ赭дĨǿʯʱ򣬾Ĩһ鶹ûʲô
ǿӲĻɽʯȴʳΡ
ҵʲôңȴҲǺ޼ʶ֮еıԲǷƷ
÷Ľ
ҵǹ⻬羳пڣ;ˡ
ûмıʵϣھУͿܶཫ彣ķ
ٷҲûǽ
ҵԸоȫƾ赶ķпǿʯǽ
Ҫ֪߿бʵ
һɲǣҵòϣԼĶˡ
ս棬ܶ˶׵ġһЩװ϶Ŀףֺֽʵ
ǽսķͬһȭϣΪ
ɱ¾ҵս棬һϺõıǼҪġ
ҵҪһúõֱģûʲôӰҪŪһϺõĳֱһ򵥵顣
ܸߣһıͲʺҵûпȥҹ
еı
ҵòϣսϣԼôһıһܹɱ񣬷ɱ𣬽һʵӵʮֵľأԼչһõĽá
ϧˣ̫ˣ
ҵĿһ£ʶ
ߴֱۼͨı˵Ͳ֡ŲֵıٷҲţӳ
ߵıȻʺ
̫ûйϵҿ԰ƣһߣ͵ĳֱ
ĺܣҵ߽ɴЦ
ҵĲǱףشŲСһ㣬Ͱˡ
ͻӦצ
ٹΪ˸ԼţΪūΪͣΪ˰ﵽϱӸߵĸ߶ȡ
岻ֹؽҵȱӺ˻֮󣬻̵ףԼõı
ǰͨ󽫾࣬ȴز㣬һոս飬һСʱѾʼˡ
Ϊֲؽȴصս񣬵˺ۡͨ󽫾ʱϾѾ˺۱鲼ǵˡˣҲһõƤ
ͨ󽫾ϵĸֳۻİҲǺ޹ϵ
ļƻУ˰װȸؽİ߾£һ֧⣬һ̵ס
ҵ¶Ķɫֻһ˲ҵܿ˹
ߣСӣôģ
ҵĶһĲơ
ѵͣŲӱߵľӪ֮еΪ޳
ڣǼ鼴
µûȷʵ㡣ֻҪ£ҲΪһȸؽһ̵ףңʱһ㷵ӾӪ
Ц
ҵĵĲҲ֪ԼǿдӱߵĲصԣҲûָһʼշ
ȰԼߣȻ취һ˵ԸԼߣԼһϼ縺ʹ
ߣȻˣ
ҵЦһϵӡ
Ǻǣû´ĻڱͥҲֻһʲɣ££Ҳʱ䡣ң㲻ȥʱ㻹ȥҿ԰㣡
ȻЦ
ô֪
ҵɫ΢䣬һȻǱͥȥģȴǵ긵ӡ೬սɳ
ֻ򵽴Ǻˣ԰ͲбеıԴǴͥԼ½룬ɳ͢ɹȥ
ҵ϶ȵɰ˭֪ȵʱȴ˱ͥ
ȻͥҲ̴򣬵ƽ͡ҶͻʺʹƻСĦõĵز
ϣûкʹƿս׼һЩ޹ʹı߾СĦ
ڱͥҵӵһΪҲӢ֮صĵط
ҵյġ
ĵطǼ밲սƵһչҵξƽ֮־
ȸֽȻ󣬵վһ仰Ĵ
Сӣ㲻ǸҿЦİɣ
ҵ
ǺǣȻܽӱͥý͵𣿡
ȻһЦÿɷ
ҵĿһ¡ǰӸܹ׽ԼӱͥôҲһܹԼ
ܹɹôǰһУԲôԽˡ
һ˲䣬ҵϵǱ
ҵжʱĶ
Ӣ۰ֻҪ佫ûвϲġҵҲһֻ£Ҹֱ
Ȼַ֮Ĳ˼Ҫ˵ҵĶǲܵġ
Сӣ˵ɡ㵽Ҫʲôȸ˵ãЩǷݵҪǲܴӦġӰƣȡ֮еҵǾܴӦȥӬӪģ
ⷭҵ˵ն
ɷ죬ڵأؼΪ˴֮߳ߺжΪ嶷׶
ȥȥҵϲҲΥԼԭΥɷΪ˴֮
ġҾȥµģ
ȻЦ
ǰްһҵеʵֱȡ󡱣ҵԸᴩһʽ΢ʱѾˡ
Ӣ۾Ӣۣ
ȻڵҵԶǺǸǿͨ󽫾ֻо⡣
ûгΪͨ󽫾ҵҲֵ𾴵ġ
ߣ
ҵȴ֪뷨ֻ֡ʳʳ߱ɡֻ֪̰ͼܵҹӻûʲôøС
˵ɣҪʲô
Ǻǣʱ֪ˡ
嵭ȻЦ˸ӡ
֪ҪҵʲôνֻȨ֮ƶѡôŰɣ
ʱ취
ʱӳһΣʲô꣬ʲô֮ġؽǣҵڶŭ
ֻҪڣҵǲӦģ
ǵԺ취У
һţһ߲ɫ첽ҵ´ֱӽֹԺ
һʵ̫ˣ


389 ܷ⣡
ٺ٣
ҵ룬ô࣬һתҲ˽ȥӪزˡ
ʵŵԣ͵֮ǰҵʱ뿪ˡ
СҪǸƭɱʲôӵܣŲôࡣ
ӣȻô׾ͱ˵ˡΪһأ
٣һȸؽһߣٵȸֽǼʮĻƽ𣬻㣬ɲɣ
˵˵ˣʲôʱ򿴵йӽ˵飿
⵹ǣͬǴ󽫾˼ĹӣϴαˣϣһƨŲһ

ΧһȺ۷׷ףоеСʧҲ棬׹Ϊʲô׳ôأ
ҵ֮ɣ
Ҫʦôû˵ȻҪһȸؽȥ
һȺ۷׷׵ʱûע⵽ԶԶĽ䣬һ֬ѩ޳ŮӻҪĿͷβһֱĬĬעһС
СӡеȻˣ
壬߸׼ȷ˵ŮװٿֹԺĴţĿйâ˸
⼸죬ǺӴֵʱ춼ˡ£ֻǾģԶԶĿš
壬вæͿԴžϢ׳ǿĲ˼顣
⼸죬ֹԺԹ죬˶˵ţȵĸ֣һӵϣ쵰ݺݵһ٣óڶ
ٸ֮Աǡ
һȺ۸ֵ͵ļһֵǳûһӵϣ˺սսʤ
ҪôɣٿԿ϶Щһ϶Ҫڴʮ¡
Ҳ룬޻˹ߵֶ˿һȺδɵļһôǶ֣
С㣬Ϸˡ
ԱһСŮЩԼС㲻ֵǵء
ߣʲôҾͲһ
ѩ޳ĴָһִѵӪʱҲûš
һµʱ䣬ͣĶԼļաڣѾаԼպǰȣѾһء
һζҪ仨ˮйͷ֮ޡ
УѾͷҪС㣬˵˶ٴˣ
ǣС㡣Ӵǣӣ
СŮտЦͷϰһƣʵˡǻ΢΢̣һЦӡ
ӣͶ˺ܿȺ˽ȥֹԺֱ¥ϣܶԺȥ

ֹԺܿ챻ʰɾʣֻڶ̶ʱڱ㱻ֹɽ
Щκܿ챻еˮͷףܿ챻ĿĶֹԺĸطƷ
䳡еĵطʰɾ
ܷ⻹ǵһνֹԺеһжһֺʵĸо
ѵӪУȵϢĪһ޶ֹԺˡֹѵӪѵӪеѧ˹
ѵӪУֹԺӵмߵֹΪ屾
Ҫǣۼ˴ҡȨһĹӣҽ֦ҶĹ
ѵӪУֻҹӣ߲ŻӵܣֹܽԺС
˵Щƶӵܣֹܹ֮ԺȫΪŹԭ
ΪŹϲκôȫǾŹ˼
Щ߲ŻӵܣյĿܹþŹĽӼֳߣܹþŹƼ۹ϵʥʱ£ҽ׼;
ˣ¼ƶδҲضǰ;Զ󡣼ʲô֮ĶѾҪ
ֹԺУЩһȵҴĵϵŻͳƶƽӵܺദ
ܷȻҲжţ⻹ǵһΡ
ҡѾԣֵز𣿡
ܷĿתϵɨһ۴αȡ̻Ի͵¥ֹԺĵʽɣÿһǵ񹦾ϸۼЩûʵ
ܷĿɨһۣͿĴӣǶҹķܡۣԼɵ̨׺觡ɺľۡ
ЩÿһóȥǼֵǣܸߵļǮֹԺȴ˼򵥵װΡ
Щͷ׵ˮھʦ涼ǽ󣬰һһԡ
ʯѡңʳ֧Ҭ桢޻ʳ֧Զطݮ߹ʡӦоС
ܷȻ˽ⲻ࣬Ҳ֪ҲΪǰЩֵۣܹġ
ʵϣҲȷʵңǰеһУƾһ֮׬ġ
һΪļͻȻӵôĲƸˣʷԹ͵ˣǻȴһ¶ûС
Ϊ˶֪еһжԵͨϷ;ġ
һȸֽ߰ʮƽ𣬶ͨҴ˵ⶼǲġ
һ˵ңѾǸɵйܶҴȫˣ
ʲô
һͻȻӶߴЩĿŻܷӸոտʼܷһԲԵ˼ӡ
ûʲô
ܷҡҡͷܿعһԸ忿̫ӡ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦû⡣ֹ֮ԺѾ̤档ôһЭκͳֹԺܿʰɾ
ڵֹԺ뿪ʱֲһˡ
巢ֹ֣Ժ˺ܶĶ顢觺Ͱ񡭡ֻ￪˸ͷǺܿ죬ѩһԴԴϵµĶ˽
Ҳֹ֪Ժӵӽġ
Ҳ⣬ּɡΪ˵ֹԺȻģнֹԺˣѾ˹Уﵱɼˡ
һƶҪ಻ϵȥ˵ǲеġΪƶȻŸ˵Ľܳͬ˵ĵ¶
ҪģּûԼպֹԺҲԴԴϵİԼƣԼ룬ԴԴϵͨĵ۹ǡ
ˣˡӦÿԼѵӪɣĸѵӪ
ʵ
Ȿֻһʣǻܷɫһ֪Լʴˡ
Ѿˡ
ܷĿֱɱˣ
ΪѾǿ˳ˣ
ʱһΣҲ֪϶ΪԼĹϵƼǿ˳ѵӪ
ԸĻ˵ҿ԰㡭
ˣǲȥġƼҵĶŮһԾŶֱ顣
ܷԥĴ壬壬Ȼһʹ޵顣
ܷѾ滮Լһҵĳͻ׵Ĵļƻ
áӡȴòǿ˳ϲѵӪڼŮܷܲ塣
Ҳ߰ˡܲʣǼȻӦ˼壬һ
ϲǲϲ


390 ס٣
ҲΣܷҳͻһĽһ޷ıֽ
Ҳߡ
һһʦӱͶһ㱣ϣһ棬ܷġ־סкܴȱݡ
ǻܷڶ˵ʲôȥҸʵʱ
ӣӡ
Ժ˼ʱͻȻ֮һУŤͷֻκһʮ𼱵ӳԼ˹
ôˣ
ʵò޻˹ҵָʲôҰɣ
ֹԺͷ۵Ҳˣ
ӣǵϴγֵ𣿡
κһ
磿
۾գһ£ⲻǾҵǸ𣿻磬ʵǡ塱Լġ
ϴԼѣ˶ˣһûѵԼʲôˣ
ӳȥ̫ãҽ찲ţùӲһԺѧһѧȥ뵽ùӲڣţԺпսһ֣ȫܣ仨ˮ
⻹ûְ꣬ԺĿȫսһ顣Ҳͬȫˡھ͵Źˣ
κ
κҲ֪ǸʲôϵǺԣӲϲǸءϴô˹ˣû
һΣԷȻ߲ƣǹѹӵġҪȻҲⷭٶˡ
ʲô
һͷ彣ü΢Ҳ΢΢Щ⡣
پȻ˶սһ飬⻹ǳԤϡܿ죬Ĵ㡣
һǼǺϴε飬Ȱ˴һ飬֤ԼǾ֤û۹⣬ѡЩ̹١ѧͳͳûʸ
ˣǵǰˡ
Ҳַͨʽüһǣ˳㽫Լһ
Ǹ߰ļһﰡ
ٵĴ㣬вЦ֪ҵλŮĸϳһû뵽ַʽԼѡ
һҪʧˡ
ԼɣƵ۹λϾûɵ飬ٿǸûˡ
߰ɣȥ
屳֣ȻһЦһȣԺķ˹ȥ

䣡
̤ԺһзԺĿͬЩ١ȫһΧʲô
͸Ⱥķ϶һ۾Ϳһٿ꣬ͦУԼµһսһ
ٿ굹ûʲôһɵӣͷĺˮϲ԰׵һѪɫûС
ֻ۾ȴһֻϵ̣˺ȥ˻һ
ԺһĿ١
κԱС
֪ˡ
˵ͷö룬֪ӮˡλϱѺڹҪǻӮԺ㼸ѧǲˡ
Ȼûʱ䣬ٵ
ˣ
˫һ̣Ĵλվ߰΢ףһĵ
һΣǰߵĿȫһ顣Ҫַʽһ飬Աϴ֮
̶棬ġ١ͷɥսսȫʪ͸ˡ
ԺһƬš
žžž
ڴʱһͻȻһ߹ƣһ΢Ц˹
ˣ
Ⱥγѣע⵽岻֪ʲôʱѾϣһ׷˿óһ
ӣ
ӣ
ӣ

һȺ˷׷׵ͷ̬ǳԺУӵоԵͳελϾеı壬׫дġ
ѵӪĽ̹ٶĶ֡
ǻ֪ϡ
ߣӣܿԹ˰ɣ
ٿ߰ͷǲϴοû棬˵ҲǺ档
ǺǣԺйصġؽͨ˵
屳һֻ֣ȻЦ
Ϳ
ٵȴЦһбӮ䣬Ҫѿ
һΣҿô죡
΢΢𣬵Ҳ巢һͿʼ̣׼ڳһԼ塣
һȣ
ͻȻֹĿɨһȦͬʱ
Ҳ׼һ°ɣһκϴһһ˽пˡ
ˣ
һٶ壬΢ף¶һ˿
Ѿ㿴ˣƽƽһԹصĶûУ
ⷭʮ㣬˵ΧһŭѣȴһҷûСɨҶ֮ɨԺǲʵȷʵ˵仰ʸ
Ǻǣ˵Ĳ㣬˵ûá
΢΢Цһ仰ͽݼĴ˼Ѫһͨ죬˲Ͷ屬ǿҵս⡣
Ϊ֮ŮԸ߰ܵơҲԼαװ״̬屬ˡ
ûãΪʲôûãѾ㿴ȷʵûáһһʵȲϡܹǻ˭ܹ
ҿԺҲûʲôıҪˡΪ޹ܹԺ˭ŷ
Ķ塣
Ųأ˵ҪǸ²̨ʥҲ˵ˣΨСŮҲ
˭ŮˣǺܼǳģ
ǺǺǣ
ôһ㶼
磬֪ΪʲôҪԺѡѧҪͨԺĿԲܽΪҽѡ𣿡
棬ϣʤƳû֮ʦ֡ƳʦϮ߽֮֡óˣȥҪóˣȥҪĳɱУ佫ʫⷽȫˡ
䳼ʫĳɱУѵͲҪˡ˵ǲϸ𣿡
Ц̸Ц֮һ񵭵ȡ

һסˣ̧壬ãȻҲǼʶ㡢ȺˣҵѬգⷽ͸ˣԶǳ˿ɱȡ
˵֣ϵãһȫ֪ʲô˼ʲôȫ֪ʲôʶǰҲδ
ôһɲǣӣͻȻôһ顣

ЦЦٵķӦҲ֡ΪԭԱܵѹǺܷ
νĸǸ磬ͨ˶Ķ磬Ǹǳĸ
˵룬ܶû
ȻòͲ˫ȫⷽȻҲڴˣ֪Ϊ㡣
һĿ꣬ҪڴƵ۹ռ͡ĸֹԺΪУóĽ졣
ڣҲţСԣǰ׳һѡ
ٵķӦԱԼˡ


391 ס٣
˶Լ֪ĶܻЩġ
ȻӸ߰ʴӱŮ֮ǼģǺȻҲûѳ롣
ЩЩƳЩƳ档Ҫģҳǵص㣬ʩ̡һ̣֮㲻᲻𣿶ңڵıһǴֻҪǱֳ㹻ǱһͨҵĿԣ
΢΢Ц
̫ˣ
ллӣ
ҿں̣

Ǳٻû˵ԺڵڿȴһȻҲûʲôġⲢһʵǻӵһιصĻᡣ
壬һ׷׻߽⣬ͷ̧ˡ
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼеڶλᣬһ˷ܵķ׷׻
ߣʲôں˵˵ʲôȻǻᣬǾı㣡ɣ
˵壬ҲûĿԼϤǰ
ֻҪܹܣʱҵҪ㻹ʲôǰţ
к޺޵
ִѵӪǱһµŭҲһµĴС
ҪԼʲôԼǰš
ٱһӻӣаЦһǰ
ȡ
Ĺĵģʲõ
ŶΪʲô
Ц
ϻȻΪҵŮģ
仰ҪѿڶԼڻαװɡжȻ˵ֻҪȻǲ¶ˡ
ߣһ²а
Щ
ǺǣȻԡ
岻ɫЦ˶Ƥٸո촽Ķûп
ڶ֪ԼͿŮ

ͬʱһ춯Ժ˷׷װڶΣ̣һԾʹ˿ʼ
Ȼͨ˵ҪһʮԶʮͬʱ͸壬ǲܵ£Ϊ̫
ǶԺ˵ѾϰϵĿֲϰΪ
һεıԣȻ֮ĶĿʼ
ִףִڡ
ž
һźص̵ı߽ǡ
һһ䣬ͽסüͷһֺϴεʱȻͬеľ嶼ȫͬ
£̶һ䣬͸һɹ졢ƮζȫͬڴƵκ·
һ͸һԼζ
̧ͷʶ˶һֻۡλҵ֮Ů΢̧ͷĿ͸һɵζ
ߣСңһΣҿб
΢΢ֻҪһӣ֪ʲôһ£ÿ춼Լǳ֡
磬岽裬˼·ȫе͸͸·Եġ
ڣԱ֤廹磬һ԰ԵģҴͷѹ
Ҫûмְգôս塣
ǣǻ˲ٵĵ˼
ЦǵС˼ù
ϧûã
ٰ̫ˡֻôһ㣬˵컹Ļᵱڳܡ
ʼգϴڣûʹȫңҲֻһ硢·֡
ˮ︳Ρ·ʹﵽ·֣һֶ仯ĵز
پеֶһ飬Ȼֻһ۰צѡ
ž
û˿ԥأֻһӣپͶʱɫΪͻȻ֣ӾȻϴȫͬȫ任һַ
˵ϴε壬Ʈݾףôڵͳ˳ȴһһȫֳܹġ
ǣ㲻֪ʲô𣿽Ҿͽ򵥵ü򵥵㡣
Ƶһɴ󽫷ȡ
ﴵǰ磬Ӯ˵ɡ
ٵǸŮӣܵݼʱǰ׶ˡ
һ˲ôαװԸƢǸı䲻˵ġʱȻˣΪһкӡδ̫Ƶ̫ˡ
ȴδãҲ˵ƣɺٶ塣
žžž
һſŵĺڡ䵽ϣֻӣٵɫò԰
Ϊ˵ûڹȥһµĿУȫ׷ˡΪʹõģȫһǰûʹùģأȴ߹Ե·
ɲؽ޷桱ڸ˵ĸоһ޷ؽȻȱ仯ȴǧٳźܴѹ
ȵһʱѹҪöࡣ
ϣ֮û֮ʦݿɣ󷢶вҲһȶ򵥵֮ûⰡ
̧ͷŶ٣΢΢һЦȻվȥ
βμѡεܹжʮˣȻȫһһĶûˡ
ЩˣֵᲦġ
ߣʲôõġҾͲһ㣡
ٺݺݵһۣһҧ¶ģ޺ζҪսʤ塣
Ǻǣ
岻ûͷҲ֪ʲôҲûᣬ󲽳ȥ
ž
أӵһʼ弸ǽŲմأһһӣʮֻһַһ顣
ڣûʲôÿӵٶȱҪࡣߺˣǱ߲ŻһӣһǱȽϿˡ
ʱȥʮǱߵĽȺܿ͸١ǱߣɫȴԽԽ԰ףɫҲԽԽ
Խ·ԽǸоں֮͸âÿһӣ˵ǵսľһ̡
ٿʼǿӦԣѳɣɨ䣬ɾˣֻڱ߽߱ǽϺһ¡
ģҾԲġ
ŷȭɷס߰Ǿ޷ΰͬһġ
һһͱԼССӡ
ıܣپ޷ܡ
ž
ɾʱǱžһ죬һ죬ԺеĵһѾˡ
ϲ㣬ˣ
̫ˣ
һ˸߲ҵĻһ˵
㿪ʲôЦһҲܹأ
ٱͻһӵôһԼ°ܽأҲ̲סˣ
֪֪һﵽжʮУȻءʶܹˣǻ˭ˣ
һĲ
˶У
嵭
ҲʮУ

ǲ͵ˡܹصԭѾԽƿ
˻֣漴һȥ
ѧϲأľϹȻ߸˵뿪ˡں棬ıӰ˴ˡ


392 ŭ٣
лӣ
ѧȴûôıӰľϹϲصˡΪûϣû뵽Ȼˡ
ͣ
ûлͷѧ˰̣֡ѧͷйԣܷӳʵ
ΪʱҲȷʵˡֵʱԱԤĳöࡣ
Ż󵽵˶Ŀ
Ƭ֮󣬵ڶҲˡ
ϲ㣬ˣ
΢ЦŶһѵӪϲصѧ
ллӣллӣ
ѧĵͷ
ûиܹͲ壡һ򵥵ض֪
һҲˣ˶ˣҲ̲סˣðɡ
ܾڹԼѿ
һ¹ܶʱĹģҪ֪ÿλǺǺǵɵЦ˻ѡ
˹ҲˣҪǲ˵ŷɣ޷ܡ
ֱ
Ǻǣֻ塣ΪֳͤΧĹ򱳸
˻ֵ
ֳͤ壬оɲ
˵ûǰûнӴΧ塣˵Ҳȵ壬Ȼô϶Χ򣬲ұó
⡭ǣӣ
ֳͤȻȣǺܿ챳˳һεΧھǲ˼ĴĿı˳
һεǧֵΧھ¶˾ȵɫһ¹ĸоһɵһ
һΧھһЩѧһóȻеɵӾȻô˳ı˳
ֱٴ۾
ǰıֱ࣬ˡ
ôҲţͬһǰ˴Ĳ𣡶ң嵽ô
ǲᣬֻΪӴж̣˼ѣһ񣬲صƣϣƫ棬һЩķսʤֻ֡Ϊʱж̣Լһ֪⣬ϲûָ㣬Աֳ䵽˵УɵһĹض
ʵǱеġ֮һ㣬Լֳ֪ͤ㵽ҷҰɡж㡣

ֳͤ츳֪֮£Ժ˵֪Ϊó֮µġ۹˫赡
лӣ
ֳͤϲֻܹؾͿˣû뵽Ȼܵõʶʵջ
ߣʲôŪң
ٺǲ
˵Ļһ䶼ڶʲôΪԼġ
Ҫôôܴδţ
Ǻǣ
ЦЦҲû⡣ˣǵһѧǵڶѧ嶼ûѡ
ЩȷʵеúüԺ󶼻貵ĵ۹ǡ
ϱӣ֮ԴֻаǣΪû㹻۵Ĳ֡
Ƿ£˭ܱǰ±Ԫ˧ϵġʥ߻ۣҲ̵ܹǣ
ѵӪᣬʵߵġ̹١ֻû֪ѡ
Ȼ˹أȻд˱̭ⷽ˵ȷʵ
ֹԺݴܶ˵ˮƽ˹ά
ı⣬ҲҪðȫ֡ҪַͨʽӪַ
ͨǶԱӡ
Щˣ佫ֻҪֳһı裬˾УһУξξƫ
һ룬ɰǧϱĻӣĴƽ޵еģ
յĿģҲϣܹһֻսϵ¾ͨİս֮ʦ
ֹԺǵ۹õ־ٵҡ
ʱ仺ĹȥٵĴѾ᧿Σؽ޷棬ɲ塰û֮ʦϴݿɣɨȺۣ콫ٵɨ䡣
ϣûʹʲôرķе·һһۣÿһٶܿ
Ǿ֣ͨȴټ˾
ɫ԰ףͷˡҵı֣ÿһӶ
ϲ㣬ˣˣ͵ΪֹеĹѾȫ¯ϣ´ζŬȡͨԣ
ͻȻӶߴ̲סˡ
壡ʲô˼
͵̧ͷȻŭ
ʲôеĹѾȫ¯˼ѵûй𣿡
ееĲһȫˡ
߻壬Ѿ˵ûйˣϵ٣µȫһһѵ˵ȲЩͨĿ
Ǻǣ㻹֪㿴ֱߵޣмӣ
ŭ
ʲôӡ
ڻͷϣһ̣߹ӣһͷˮͷ£˻һϣͻȻ˵ˡ
߷úӵյģֻʣӡ
˵ûһȷʵѾ
ڿһߵĹӣжٵİӣ

һ侲ٲûͷҲ֪ǱߵĹһҲǿտҲһ֣·Ⱥأйоأǲ֪Ϊʲô˵ѹȴǲ˼Ӵ
һپȻûгԵӡ
Ŀɨ̣һƬɬ
Ӵϣмشȫİռ졣ֻʣһЩ߽߱ǽǡɢɢСطĺռţΪ
һɲǣʲô

Ҳû˵ԼһԵĺӣǰ
ԼɣûһöӡĶ࣬Ե٣һͿءһЩĻҪңԺԺĹأһ֣ˣ
嵭
һתףת죬ɷޱȡֱһŷ֣һˣұϴĻҪҡ
촽ִ߰ܵ
úŬɣȻҾʣʵʺԺ
屳֣
仰ٳ׵Ǳˡ
䣡
һ춯صľ죬Ժҵһ¡棬һֻȭֻһȭͽǰ̣ӣȫ򱬡
ľм׷ɣ
ЩӲޱȣľΣǰֽһľʵά
ٵ֮ľķֻ֮Ż׮㣬Ĵ˵ذ֮С
쵰
ڱˣŭ쳹Ժˡܲˣƴ¶ҲҪúýѵһ٣
壬ǹԵĶԲԣǹҵĶԲԣΪҲ֪ǹⲻҹģ


393 
ɷףζըѵӪ֮Ů֪ҹӼ涼ҪͷĽһٽ㣬˦˦ǡ
Щһɫ֮ͽƽӹֵٸ߿һۡ
˭˵ŮӲУپҪеӲڽ¡
һ߰ˣϰԸӵ۹⿴ЩˡôҲû뵽ԼһССֹԺܵ衣
ʲô
âһһӰ˲֮䣬ܷһɫ󽣣ɫ䣬겻ıһĶŶ١
ûŮװⷽ棬Ůƺûֱֻܷ֪˭ҪǸҶ嶯֣ͻ˭Ӵɳȥ
꿴ʵҲԲĶ֣
ȴûпܷ۾˶Ҫըˡ
壬̫
żܹίҪǲһ˵ɴͷҵȥ
Ǻǣ
ӣ΢΢¶һ˿׾Цݡһûп
ȷʵǹⲻصġ
һһ֪ģǹҪݼ󶯸λ쭡
Ϊ츳ںڷġ֮ŮٵѾߵһΡ
ڴƣûȡ
κܵõٺҵİֱ绢ںڷǺǵġ
δСһµսҪʱȥﱸڡ졣
ڵҪԿ֪
һ磬ǸСءļһﲻΪڣ󹦰ܴˣװ˷һҵʮѪһ
̫ˣ漰ķ棬ԼҪǻۣǻۣⷽ棬书߶ûá
һȫû츳ϱӱܵһʱ䣬ϾǴã޺ڵ״̬
Ҫһĺڸ֣Ҳܵôˡ
ѵֻᣬҵĲŮپȻ磬ֹܵԺս
ǾôŹ⵽ֵĻᣬͲˣ
磬㿴ܲ

ʲôûһҵĶ֣ȫɱĶףɾԼ˵㣬ĸ
ָΧһŭɶ
ʵķˣʵߵķˣĵڸоǹΪģ
˵ƴ¶ݣҲҪݺݵĽѵһ١
ǺǣǺֻߣԼǿ
忴ٵǹϵЦݣ˴󶯸λ
ѵǣ
ٷʵΪСЩںŪ
Ǻǣ㣬ӴˣǽӴã
Ƶƺϵŭ
ʲô˼
ͻȻͻȻ侲˼֡
ûв²⣬磬ӦǴСͿʼӴɡڣʮ˰ɣЩˡ
תתĿɨЩѧ
Ҳһ̵꣬ģһ¡ȻڵˮƽܲǵǱȴܴ󡣡
Ǳʲô˼
ٵ
ܷҲˡȻûвģԺſڣе
ȷʵЩС硱ļһóҲ̫š
ܷΪҸɶԸֱֹԺ˵뿪
ڿƺô򵥡
ܼ򵥣룬һѾɳĹľһľӡҪһӵĻҪһԹľһľӣ
嶢ٵ
ʲô˼˼ҾǴԹľ𣿡
лơ
ǺǣȻǸǲ˼ѡЩѧȻУǾһſľӣֻҪƼӵ޵Ŀܡ㡭ȻܸߣѾĳɾ;ͷˡǱѾȫھˣû˸ߵĳɳռ䡣̭ԭ򣡡
ƽ
쵰
ڱˡ˵ô࣬Ͼһ˼ʵˣ㾳ֹڴˣûʲôĿռˡ
ٸ߰Ըܵˡ
ҷɱ㲻ɣ
ˣҲ룬һץ塣ôһץȻ˷֮嶼̲סƤ
¡
һ̣һ¡죬һֻ͸ϸ˽׼ȷĻٵֱۡ¡¡䣬ٺߵһȻܷ˿̻Ϣģһ˿©ĵ
ӣȰأ
ܷ͸Σյζڶ֪ʵǸԼһŮӡ
һˮ£ͻȻ֮侲
˭ߣΪ˭ԭ㣬ӣʲôʱҲܹȥ˵ʹˣ
ٿʼûϳȷߵǸɽŮȻʦӻܷ֮ɫͲһˡ
ܶ˶ΪŮ֮Ľһܺãʵǡǡ෴ƯŮľŮˣرǺԼһƯŮˣ
˭ʶңߣҲ˭Ҷһ£ǾͱҲȻҲϲ
ܷ

ںķ˸ۡΪʲôҪһ仰ӲǺܺǸ㲻ЩŮˡ
磬ûõġǶֵġң˵ˣǱ˾ͷǾͷˡ㲻ھͿߣ
ں治ʧʱġϽ͡
㡭쵰ߡҾƫߣ
岻˵ãһ˵ٷˡԸҲԲǣߵġ
ңӻܷڣҲ֪Լ뷨˵ġǵҵϵŮ棬ܷ
ȻҲòϣܷʵֻ»Լ֮ϡ֣Լռʲôˡ
ߣҲ̫⡣㲻˵Ҿֻ㱾£򲻹ƣһὫڽ£ҵ裬ٱĻ㣡
˵仰˦ߣһҲͣ
ӣҪҪϳȥûҪ
κͻȻԱߴս˵
ԲݸκһȻǸľͷ顣ĴŮΪʲôҪߣ
»ء
عˣʰһ¡⣬һ¸ոЩصѧȥɡ
ǣӣ
κ˵ͷһӦ
Ժһֱ̲ͣѵӪȥôˣҲȥԼĽ̹ǧˡ

ѵӪѵ壬ǧ
Ǻǣڻˣ
ǧżУ۾һλվ˹ȥ
ǧипѡ
ʱֻǳǧǰԼµ⻷ȥġǲ֪Ѿ
һΣǧġǧ㡱ԼҪˡ
ˣ
һǧҪ߹ɲǣ¡һϥأƽɽ㣬ĵϥڵϣ֣صľ֮ǧһ
ʦлл㣡
ڴص
һ𣬲Ǵϣϣ嶼ǧĿԼʦһӵʦ
ǧıǺܸߣδĳɾͣҲԶϱӵԼǶ˵Щûйϵ


394 񼣡
壬Ǹʲô
ھǧͣһĲ졣ǰദɴûô֣¹
лʦʦ߾Ѿڷ;ˡ

ǺǣһΪʲô¡ɣɡѧִѵӪΪʲô׼𣿡
ǧЦΪ⡣
Ҳ˵վе뷨ľĸı䣬ȻǧĲһ
ЩȴҲûбҪ˵
Ͻ£ôָôˣ
ǧ
ӴȺɽ֮оȻ壬͵ȥ֮ǧûôȥˡҦҺ֮ĳͻѵӪĽ̹ǲ˲ͽȥġ
˾ǾˣϵĶٲΪҲǾǱľˣǾԶһ㡣
ң͵ңϲȥҲһܵõܺõչˡҲǧĲʵԭ
ĽԴ϶Ҫһ̹ٶģ
ãָ˲ˡûʲô󻼡
һϵ
ĴˣҪһ֧Ե˾޴Ĵ
һˣûж»Ǻò˵ġһҺอؼֵԶһǿĶࡣ
Ȼһ¶Ѿжϰˡ
Ǿͺáʱһڵġٺòˡ
ǧ˵ŻصԼλһžһӰһ˳ȥֱָ塣
һʶĳͷһȴһͲ״ᡣ
ûд򿪣ȴ׵ġ֣ʱһȻоʹǧ
ѵӪ㲻ڣѾǰ㽻ӺˡҪ⻷ȥúÿɡʲôĿҡҲָ̫Ź˵Ҳûָܸࡣ
лʦ
ϲһ˲огģȻðôգڴУգԼڻǵõѵӪͬʱҲ͹һݹ
ϱӣ⻷ѵӪ֮߸󣬼ûѧԼϱ˿顣
⻷ڹԼˡ
һɲǣеϲԽ
ˣʦǴǸϹȥʱûпüӰ
彫⻷պãͻȻʵ
ôˣ
ǧüⷭƺָǷʲô
ҲûͰԼڲڵ¸оĶ˵˳Ȼ׷ɱһˣǴӺԻˡ
ЩȻҲǳԼģǸΪԲһġҴԶֹ
ҦңôҲ벻ļô¡
Ҧһİɣ
õŷֳ
飬֮ԽԽֻ֡ϧʱĴȥϸ쿴

ǧҲüͷ
ĵطǵʱҲ쿴ϵĽӡǳңȷʵԶֹһˡңҵʱжʱҪܶ࣬Ƕʱ䣬ҲȷʵˡʱԶҶԷһǾԶԶܿˣûϸչ档
ǧҲ¶˼
Ϯ飬ֻһ׮򵥵ɱǴƺԶô򵥡
漰⣬ǧִľҲͷ۲ѡҹϻְ취ȥѵԼѧ͸ӵ⣬ǰĪ
˵֧ҵҵˣ
ǧ˵ͻȻ循ȵĿУߵǽڴһȻȡһ
ͷ
ɻĿǧеĶǽֻһذɫļͷѣֻһָڳ
ǴϮ⵽ɱĵطҵġֻмͷѣĲѾ˼ˡؼͷҲǷӾʮɵĵصҵġΪҵ٣ҲֵܷˡǵƲ⣬Ӧþ֧ġ
ǧ˵߹ֻϮֳֵļͷ
ɫأϸؼͷ˵ĲּûκεĲֻʣһͺͺĺɫͷ
էһ֧ͷƺͨͷûκ𡣵ϸʱһ㲻ͬ
ڼͷı棬ЩϸС·ĹĺۼֻΪͷںڣۼϸСעֲˡ
ֹˣٴϸһЩķֻ֡ͷĲϷǳ⣬ͨľҲӲȸ֮Ľ
üȸֽڶڽķǳС
ȸֻŪǲܵõġԱȲȸ֡
жϣԸоóֽʵȫھ֮䣬޵Ľӽȴֲ̫һƺһЩ
ʱ䣬ϸּ֧̽ۺ˾һЩĽĩļṹҲرĹն죬ʹüͷڲĽṹԱȽɡһҲоˡ
ǧ˵Ƴһۡ
˵ͷȷʵּͷ֮ʵĵͷҪ΢һЩЩѾоˡ
ʻήͼ֧ļ̶̳ȣΪһ㣬ײϼ̵Ķ֧Żķѡͷͼ˷ֳһ϶ϣɢڲͬĵط
ˣַʽҲڼ֧ͨٶȣӱڼַߵü֮һͨ˵ͨļ֣֧ͨķ˺ѡ͸ԷҪɱˡ
У㲻ҪλҲشĴˡܹľģҲͨļ֡һȥһܲ鵽һǸˣ
ǧ˽ۡ
ʱ䣬Ҳûţ֧ͷǷ˺ܶ˿켣ҵˡ
˵ĳ·ͬˣͲ֪
ĬѾôˣ֧Ȼһ˷ģȴ֧˹Ļľ
˹˵֧˵ȫؼԷΪ渽Ӽһһء
֧ԼĻľѡԲŻᱻǧһؼͷ
ܴһ֧ͷ﷢ô˵Ѿջˡ
лʦ
ѵӪǧһ뿪ˡ侳飬ôãһоԼڿԳ侳ˡ
ֱӷֹԺ
һרԼҡѵӪֹԺȫԼ
侳Ҫȫ̫ˡ
ܷһ
˵仰̤Լ֮С
һֱ̣ڴ
⻷ڵˡ
پʮ ǰ󽫵ľ棡


395
һңϴţԥͳǧݸԼġ⻷ᡣ
ϱӵźֲеļġ
ڵõˣ
żڡ⻷õϢ࣬ǽЩǰǿеõϢѾκ֪ϸˣ
⻷Ĳǡޣ
ֻҪʵ㹻ǿϣԽ⻷ֹȻҪһ˵̾ΪֹԶ񻰼֣
ڶߵսУ˵ʵ̫΢ˡǿƾվҲսھ֮У
ǡ⻷ȴΨһһԸʵ׵ŤתսֵĶ
˵һܶǵǰĴǾǡ⻷ֻϧѾܵõ
ǵһλǰ޾ϧ˵Ļ
һжͬˡ
ᣬһּӳЩűѧõĹ׭壬ϤС
Բһֳܱ
ҵʮ꣬ຫͨʥֳ飡
΢΢Ƶֽϣһư־̲סƤһ£һ˵ĸоӿ
ȻǴ峯ֳ
Ƥ˵ĸоⱾ⻷Ȼǰĵʱڵֳû뵽
û뵽ģλ֣
ͨ
֪һ࣬һ֣ȴ˲֪˲֮ӵ֮Ȼ׹
ܻ
峯ĵλ󽫾֮һƴ峯λ󽫾ء􏌡ʷغϳƵ۹ķ졢֥溲ثһ
ֻ峯λ۹󽫾Զں֮ϣ
رǺܻ˫ȫųƴĵʱľƾ500ˣһ·½ϳ³
ڴ峯ĵλ죬ͬԼүүһүүҪߣ
ĵ۳
һ硣棬ʢҵǰţƥ
İֱ޵˼㡣
Ҳû뵽ֳ⻷˾Ȼ
ô£
Щסˡ
ɺЩ̫һ屾ΪǧֶԼᣬ϶Ҳ书ࡣҲһ飬д书ھ
ǰԲô¡
ҵʮꣿʥֳ⵽ô£⻷ȻҲòŴĵرܻ󽫾ֳɣ
üͷд˷
ܻеʥʣȻֻǰĵ۱ˡȻĩĻʵԱŰƣһֵ˺´ңȡ֮
ڴǰڣȴáҵ䷱١ʷơ֮Ρĩȫ֮
ȡ֮ҲòʷϣȻǰ帯ܣĵȴǺ
岻ǣΪʲôĵҪܻĵ۹󽫾ֳһ⻷
ģͻȻָо⻷Լһʼô򵥡
ֻߣ꡶⻷ûдΪ죬Ǽ򵥵ûҵʵĴô򵥣
ڡ⻷ʧı󣬻Լû뵽ĸԭ
ͷ¿ȥ
ԣƥ⻷Ȼǿȴʥ֮츳֮ϰǵ۹Ź֮ϰĹа֮ϰǵǹˣˣ²η֮ϰĲϰ
⻷ѾãǱǰ֣ϰ˹ͷأ߲֮
˹ϵشǣ㣬ԶǱ𡣺֮תڡ
ΨϰмǣһԸ֮Сˣ

һ仰˵ëȻȻһöصĺɫ󽫾ӡ
忴һҳλ˶סˣζ˵
ܻǰĵ۹󽫾书ٶث˵ֻ߲¡
ʵ벻ףʲôúܻȻ˼ɵֳﶼԻݣƺ͸¶ʲô
ʲôֵǰ۹󽫾˵ļɵֱӵ㣬£
Χġ
УԺд˷˶סˡ
ͻȻ֣⻷ƺʲôԼ˽شܡ
ʱ仺Ĺȥ֪˶ãڷһ̾Ϣ
ܡ⻷ʲôܣڸô֮࣬ǲ׷ġ
ⲻԼ⣬һϵǳıδļƻû⻷ǲܶԸЩߵġ
㺫ܻ˵⻷ٴٴĻϰɡ
ܻ˵ô֣أδǿѨ硣ֻԺȥˡ
а
һ飬ǲȥĵġңܻȻǰĴ󽫾񣬵ҲоλǰľҲδؾȫ֪ȫܵġ
ٺܻһϲǰᱻȡ֮
Һܻᵽ⻷ĲϰĲѾˡ
ǲΪԷǰļ仰͸ıԼ뷨ĺͼƻġ
˶巭˵һҳ¿ȥ
ɽˮ֮أ֮壬ͻȻһᡣ
⻷˵һҳľ֮⣬ֵݵǳϵƽȫһƪĹھ
Ȼֺܼڼɬֵ˵Щʵ㲻ʲôˡ
е˼ܿ뵽ķ֮С
⻷ĵһѭǺѣֻҪǼΪſ
ȻǼ򵥵Ҫ󣬵ʵǿ̵˼㡣Ϊ󲿷ֵҴ塢佫󳼣ֻлǼΪ
ܹﵽǼΪ֮٣ֻлеЩӻŮֻ߻ʥʹ͵ĳ͢س購пܴﵽҪ
ΪԹǣǿﵽˡ⻷Ҫ
ʵǽҰ
ҲѡԹǿŹͼҪˣⱾ⻷µֶϰˡ
һɲǣ嵹ЩףΪʲôܻ˵ǵ۹Ź֮Ĺϰˡ
Ϊ˻⣬ҲֻЩ۹Ź֮пܻǼĹʹˡ
һΣԽ̹ٿˡ
ڤڤУһ⻮ԺͻȻʲôԡ⻷ļ𣬾׵Լϡ
ʮа˾ţ»ǧѵӪĳˣΪүү⡣
үүݡλӰ죬ҪԼϰⱾ⻷Ȼȫʸ
֪һᡣ
ֻһأҲǽⲻȥ͵ġʱдţѵӪʲô
ȷʵԼҪġ
ܿ쿪ʼϰ⻷ĵһѭɲؽ޷棬⻷ߵ·ûʰĵһعҪͨʮߵѨһЩǻ˵Ѩ
ѭ·˵侳ģ侳ĸ֣ҲΣأ
岻ͬӵеģǡʥʾʶ;飡
ˣ
һâ˸ܿͽž޲̫


396 ϵϢ
ʥ侳۽硢ʶһصġ⻷һ·оգᡣ
꣬һĴڴź¡¡ĺʮߵѨһһ򿪡
ʱ֮󣬰һѨλͨڵĵһѭڳˡ
嵤λãʱ䣬һĴָСɫ΢СѭͻȻΡ
Ȼ΢СȴޱȣɢһɽصϢеĹâ
⻷
һɲǣɢϢֹһȫµӿ
ֹˣ۳⻷ʱ䣬侳һҲѾ㡣
䣡
ڤڤдؼĹֻԺкȻһ궼·ڡ
ͬһʱ䣬һȫµģعʱӿ룬ûԺ֮С·úһľԪһ˲ȫһ
ֹˣڤڤһֱǹҲ֮Ȼѣ
Ԫ屾Ѿﵽһƿһ̣žѣһȫµġ硱չǰǰ谭
̫ˣ
ӵһԾѾһδﵽ侳ǣȻе˷ܲѡ
Ԫ侳ڵóԸ
û˶ãһ̣Ӵһڵϣͬʱһ벻鷢
¡
֮п絹ڸոͻƵ侳ãڣöոγɣɽصġ⻷ͻȻ֮ŷһɿֲģӴ
ͬͻȻһڶһָ״Сɫ⻷ӿȥ
ֹˣ˷еԪҲΪģӿ롣
δ˿ֲ˵Ѫⶼ·Ҫȥһš
ֻһ˲䣬ͷϺ¡
飡
ҵĴűײͬʱĶܷ͵ĳ˽
ôˣ
ܷһ͵ķסֱۡڵɫ԰ףʪ꣬Ĳ˼顣
˵ǽȥһܷôҲû뵽
ò߻ħ˰ɣ
ܷɫѿĺܡ
ƼҿİȫѾǵ֮ĹϵˣǹϵƼҰȫ
߻ħôﻹҽ
Ҳ߻ħ
뵽ȥˣ
忴Żܷòɫ˿Цáö룬Ҳ֪ܷʲô
ģһûô⡣Ҳ侳ߣѵ̽Ҳ̽𣿡
ܷңһҲӦסһ̣оڵ󣬻ܷʱβѡ
ȻϢ΢ɫ԰ףƽȵĺܡһ߻ħļ
ߣû׵ϸʲô
ܷ˸죬ֱۺݺһ˦վ
У㿴û𣿡
һֻ˵û߻ħʲôʱ˵ûˡ
£ȻˣҾͳȥˣ
ܷһɱǿڴ˳ȥ
忴ŻܷĮ߳ȥıӰֻܿЦ
Ůˡǡְء
ڻ覺ͻܷƽЩ
鷳ˣ
塰ڵ֡⻷ЦѡȻǧ˵ŹɺܴĸĴԪһʻ
Ҳû뵽ô
ڵֹû侳Ϊһ·һءԪŽףԪ˽ףֱӵ䵽Ԫ߽ף
⻷ĵһأȻᵼֱӵ磡
еˣŵһؾͻ硣Խ棬Խ
ڵϿЦ
⡰⻷ĵһأѾᵼµ磬ǻˡ
ףΪʲôôǿĹϱȴûжܹɹˡ
ȥһˣ
а
ʵһص䵽Ԫأⲻò˵һ޴ڱϾﵽֻҪԪˣܹһ·Ԫ߽ס˽סŽףһ·һء
ֻҪЩʱѡ
ѳ̶ȺԭȴͬնҪ׵Ķࡣ
ϢƬ̣˳ȥ

ˬɽŨԪ۳ۿɼİɫڰɫ֮У˫۽գ֣񾲶ƽ
˷ԪԾ˵ٶȲϵӿڡ
ֹԺ鰲׵弸ڵ͸ϵԪŨԶԶѵӪ
ϰԼʹ֮˸
̶ֻʱ䣬ѾԪ߽Ԫ˽ס
м̣ɵ޻ԭľͳµľĲ

֪˶ã˫ĿһֱۣһƬɡӵĺôٶȣһʱ䣬ϾͿһˡ
ֹˣ˵ͨһصϣҲ͵ڴͨأأءһֱ֮ͨ
ڴﵽ۷֮ǰʲôϡ
ңЩ侳ĹҲԿʼˡ
һж˳Ĳ˼顣
ǲ֪ﵽôˣ
ڤڤУͻȻԼı
ΪѰںȺϵٸ׼˽Ļƽ𣬹ͽ˴¥ӶڶߣǴ˼Ļ֡
һйģӴ󣬷ʱҲ֤жӡ
Լı֣Ҳܹŵùˡ
ЩɢȺϵĺΰƻУռһǳҪĵλ
ûЩļƻ㲻п⵽޴ʧ
¶Ѿȥյ˳Ļ˳ź󼾷磬ӦѾЩȺŶԡ
Ȼ֪Ǹкܴĳ룬ܶ෽ȴͬġ˵ȸ֣˵޵Ĵڡ˵ܹȸ֣ôЩȺɽкܴĿܷǲ֪ôˣ
ڵϣа
ӣˡ籩硢ơӰĶ̫ˡããĴϣҲûʲôرԡ
Ÿ룬ֵطҲ·
ϢݼĲ㣬һֻǵȴǻܹ֪
ϣһ˳
аܿ۾
ڣǳޡֻĬĬĵȴһ˳
һϺָܿƽ

ʯʯСĺ׵Ľʯ
֣棡죡
ְ˵½أ죡
ץ
ϽжˣСģ

¡һߴＸʮɵľɽͷصֻһ죬һΦ˺Ȼϣͬʱ߰ˮ֣һ´ȥ
ֻĲҽУֻһգ߰ˮֱ˻ʧˣһ
¡¡
ܲһĴȻڲͣй£ؼ仯ܼߡ
¥ΦϣڴڵĴҲѡ
ӹһ١
ԺһͷͻȻԼ˱ͽ顣
¥õĶ̵ľͷ¥ϵĴҲԶԶˮƽȻɱ¡
¥ȴһһεĿ˾ˣһһεľ
һж֤ǱͶȫȷġ


397 ϲ

һ׵ͷӹ׵Ҹոӹһ٣һܵ
ı亽򣡡
з£ֻһ
ʱעǰ״̬
ˮָ͸λܻܲͿԼ

һȦȦεİΦϣƾһȦȦˮʪڱбԼϵķһ
ӵ۵꣬ƤڵĴֻԼ֪£Լ׾ʲô
ϵĴԱѾԶԶ֮һˣҵĻԼɸԼĻҲ˲١
һ·ķ籩ҡıɱɡѡƹԼ
һһʷδļó̡
ӵʱ־ڵϴƽ񵭣ֻԼʲô
ճʱ򣬶ںһ֪ڵȴ澭ḻĴ
̶¾ܻĳɾͣͨ˵һӶֵޱֵҫ顣
ȴû뷨
ĥһˣҲɾһˡֻԼ֪˾̾ļôġ
ںһ֪ΨһŵѧϰҹԼգʳƴȫѧϰ
Ӷֵˮ֣еĴԱѧϰĶ֡һδεĽѡ̻ڴѸٵĳɳ
ע⣡ڶˣ
Сģ

Ȼӹһ٣ѻԶûйȥڴȻǰСģ侳ĸ֣侳ǿߣͨˮ֣ƺ֮ǰƽȵģûκε
ȻǰСͬϡ
һӴϵ£޾ĺ֮У侳ǿߣҲֻ·һ
ҪֻһģЭͬ۹ɡǡ
ڵĵĲǰƴƥĴȻ֮ƮĪ⣬Դȵġ
µʱ䣬ںƮһδε̤ϵ죬һδεʧءЩС죬ûҵ˵Щ
ʼΣűأٵʧɡƹڣܵĶڽϵһЩ߲Ѳܡ
˶ڻɡ
ԼĻҲ˶ҡ£ȥ
һδˣûȥˣ֪֮ĵط
Ϊʲôϵûзֹ
ףֻһ޻̸֮ѡ
ĻɣĻɣڽӵĿĵĻɣûмϹŴԱҲվ
λ᧿Σ
֪ٲκεĽչͳɹȴģǺһ׽ι㡣
¡
£˼˽ӵƽĲҽУӰ˳¥
¡һţҪµӡһ̣춯صľ죬ڤڤУͺһֻεľ֣صײ¥ײ
ؿһۣоһȦȦƺս棬·ҪǾ޴ˡ
ˣˣ
ʯ䣬дһ̵ֻһǰһڣʲôҲ֪ˡ


Ǻˮӿƺֻеָһɲǣַ·ǹһ꣬ڴӻ֮Ƶת
ˮ»ӿһӿһȥϣ·ʲôϸС
ȿȣ
ѵĿ˼³һڵˮɳ۾һƬɫĺˮɳ̲
ָֻ״ССзԼϺȥ
ô
ؿھҵʹͷԸķͣôҲԼô
ļǴ񴥽ˣԼ˳ȥ
ѵұ¥𣿡
һͻȻһ˿̿֡ããĴ֮Уû¥ֻеһ;
ţѵĴӵһ̣ʹסˣ
ھԼɵĵطһҾ޴¥һͷײֱ±ϡ¥һбˮ£һ
ǡ
˶סˡ¥ǳˣҲ˵ײеĲʲôһ£
һ仰˵ˡ
¥ûʧûб£ֵø˵ģ¥ȴǳˡ
Ψһеǣ¥ûгûֻҪЩ©ˮ޲һ£¥ȻǿԼеġ
ʱ˼ѵ֧ȥ֮ҵĴԱ
Ȼ¥ǳôĴԱҲһܲԶ
ȥһδԼƯĵطһĻĵһ˸ߵĹʯڵϣһʯְ㡣
֪ǲǴͷͻȻЩʯֶˣްĽ
Ǵ
ĿɨԶĹʯͻȻȫһ顣Ǽʯ߲ı棬¶ĲǺɫʯһĹ
ǵ͵Ľʯɫ
ΪεжרȥֽʯɫϤˡ
ѵ
һͷӹԺҲ̲סļûôĥϣʧٵϣٵʧ
Ѿϰˡ
ֻǽѣþ˵һ·ϣѾֽʯˣͭ󣬶Ʒʲβһ
֮࣬۽硣ֻ·;ңԶڣҲʹЩͨĽ󲢲߱ģĿɵļֵ
ǰĽҲֿʯǽ߱κεļֵ
ϣϣҵֿʯ
˫֣㷲
֪ԼѾߵ̫Զˡ룬ǽѾ޷ڼǰˡ
ûгɹûջҲ룬ʳˮҲȫӽĿգĴļ¥Ҳܴء
ֻû̫ȥ̽Ļᡣ
һƽוּһڳ˱ϵǱȽ
ж֮ǰ͸
ûа취ɫоķֱҲרҵĶʦûа취ȥֱ
һ򵥵İ취
ȸֽȥնܹһϣǶ֮ֻͨķ󲢲мֵ
ܹסȸֵնȸܹȥֻȽǳһ㡣ôʣӦþ
Ǽ򵥵İ취
ֵܹȸֵն㲻ֽƷʿҲ޽ӽ
ﬣ
£һƺ飬һᾹʯ¶Ĳն˹ȥ
һɲǣʱͻȻúޱȵ
ﬣ
ӹеȸֽᾹʯаλãҲ޷ͻȻ֮סˡ
ؼеһɲȫȥһƬžʱ䶼һɲǡ
磬磡
ȸֽʯжλã˺Ҫͣˡ
ﬣ
һ̣˾ͺһ㣬۾ͻȻȸֽһһķᾹʯ档
磬磬磬硭
ϵ£ʯеĲλȸֽĽۡһ⣬ȫǰ磬粻
޼᲻ݡȸֽȻֹʯǰֻնȥѡ

ܵݼһ۾ͻȻѹʯİ߲ʯȫȥڽɫڽɫȫڽɫ
ôһʯĺɫʯǣȻȫǰ߲ڽɫ
ﬣ
ͻȻѽһӣ˺۾˫־𣬶գҲ̲סЦ
ɹˣҳɹ
ҵˣ


һɲǣ쳹ЦЦţᶼˡ
ǧ򾡣ܾôĥѣһҵ˵ĺȺϵˡ
СڳԽԼһ˼飡
һɲǣеѪˮˮڶֵˣ


398 
ЦģһһӰʯ֮Сб嵽ĴԱЦһ˹ĪĶԼĴ
û֪ʲôҲ֪ΪʲôôۿЦ
𺽣ҵĿˣڿԷˣ
ֱۣЦ
һɲǣ˵۾
µĶˣһƺҵ˾ͷϲѶһһںϷһƬܼҬ֣涼дܵ˶Ҭ
õĵˮԴ
⣬˻ں߷־޴ĺͺ군ںϣ࣬ˮ̾ӾʳС档
õࡣ
һ˲䣬µĵˮʳȻ֮ˡ
Ϣֹˣʱ֣˶¥ͻȻֺߡ
磬˳ĺۼһ·
ʱ֮˵ƺںתˣ
ʮ󣬾˳ֵ׼ϵһգֽĺϵһ飬˴ĵˮʳʮ¥ɵ£ƺƵڿʼʱ֮ķ֮;

ɽϣ֮Уɮ綨һȴϢ糱
ӽڣѾжʮ죬ɢϢһǧԽԽǿҲԽԽҡ
ڿҪﵽһ㡣
ˣ
֪˶ãȻ˫һӵԾ𣬿зһ쳤Х

¡¡ȺɽӦƲ
ڳɹˣ
һշڵϣϲޱȡ
ʮĿ๦ټϴָĵҩڽŨԪһ·Ԫ߽ס˽סŽףصһصľ硣
ڵ岻ݣٶȣǰȶͬն
һɰϢ߲ƴ󣬳ѹȵζԪʱ򲻿ͬն
ˡ
ڵ£Ө͸ޱȣȫ侳
䣡
һ̣׼ʮһĺɫţʯĿһͻȻ֮һǰٲȭ
һβǴԪһ·һ㻮ա¡ʯҷɣضҡ
ǿɫţʯͻȻըɷ顣ըĿ磬ԲʮڵĲƤľҶֱӣɫҲƮƮγһ޴С
ã
忴һĻĿһͻȻ֮˿һŨйɽϰڿƣһ·ȭ
ϥϣţĺϣһһʽը򶶣򶶣ʽ£ȴĪ
ǺƺƵʮڵͬ˰ȭӿΧա
侳ûôԪϵѾԼӵӰΧˡ
䣡
һ̤£ʯɣҳֱͬһα
ڿҵ⻷ˣ
ĿһͻȻɽ·һĳڡò֪˶ãɽͻȻһϣ˻űһ󼱴ٵ㣬Х
ϣ
ŨŨУһ˶ĺӰ֣ëԣһͷ廳ͷ­廳ĥͷֱۺգһǡ׽ӡ
Сڣˣˡ
屻Сķ̲סһ߸С͹⻬ëһЦ
˵ڣҲпӽµʱˡ
ڵСڲѾȫָ˽Ҳøߴ󡢽˶ࡣͷϹ֮󣬲Żøǿ׳
ڵСھˡ
һʱ䣬СھͿҪˡ
СڵıһȻ
¡һ̣һɫĹ⻷СѸٴ׹£Ȼչ˰ڵĽ¡
¡¡⻷ΪһȦ޴ҫ۵ĺɫϾ
һɲǣͰڵϢͻȻóޱȣͬһɽһ㡣ڵٶȷɲǼӣȻһ
ֻһҵҵĸУɫĹ⻷𶯣ͬһ
⻷֮ɽϵضҡأһʯľҡΣȫɫĹϾɷ顣
ڽµĹ⻷ĵһЩʯľӲݡľ֮Ϊƽء
ǹ⻷ĸ쳹ļ²ѡ
һȦȦȦ

һྰɫ۵糸ƮɵùЦгޱȡ
侳ԪȫͬնⱾ⻷ҲԶͨ侳ս⻷ɱȡ

ٶȣ
ݣ
Ҫ⻷£õ˴ڸоԼһƶıݣֹޱȣӵſµٶȡ
ٶϣռǼµġаգһεĻ¾С¡ҲһᱻԼײˡ
ǿж
Сڵı
ϣƺо⣬Ťͷһۣ漴ٶȼ˼ޡ
¡¡۵糸ڰڵıϳһԵģİɫˣҵײɿһ˶ʯ
ϣ
ҵУֻһ춯صľ죬̳һ˶ߣͨɻҹɣӲޱȵʯ˲Ϣ֮ķѣɳǧϸС顣
ɵߵʯʮɵĸ߿գ
һĻ嶼Ϊ⡣
̫ˣ
һ߿ĴЦգڰڱϣǰ̳һľ档
뷨սܹһʯ㲻ˡû뵽ȻԽ黨ʯײ÷顣
ءԣصҿҪӽأ
ǰĽǳԤϡ
̶ֳȵĻҽʵޱȡҪѣһǺѣ侳һض
Ҫô飬Ҫأصĸֲ
սϣ棬սԼµٶܷӳԶˮ׼ʵһֵ쾡¡
ڴǣ⻷ֻСţ⻹ǵһص
ԼʵչһкСһ۷ȶ֮󣬾ܹﵽ۷壬侳ص
ڼҵսϣһѾǼвˡ
⻷𣿡
һԱߴŤͷȥֻɫ복һһµıɽ˱Ŵ󽣣˹
ܷĮޱ飬ȴǹâתһ˿˿
ߣֻҪʱ乻ʵܶණûʲôܿԡϵ⻷
Ϊʦ׹ġӡʵܷһֱΪǲֵһģ˵ǲмһˡ
һһ»ܷҲòϣǶԼҲв
ҪٶȽȥԼ¾Ҫʵ¿
¶岢̫кøУҲôϡġڡĪҪ˦вҲûܷе㲻Ǻ


399 ͿʯϢ
Ǻǣǳ⻷Ǻܴ󡣵أӦò⻷
嵹֪ܷζӵ뷨ϣ΢΢Ц
⻷һֻҪﵽ侳ҪڶؾͲĿǰľܹ˵ˡ
Խ̹˵ûžѧȷʵ

˵ʱͻȻһƿͷͻȻͬʱͻܷע⡣
̧ͷֻһֻɫŸ˹
ǡ
ƤһʶֻŸϡŸϵİȣһۣ岻Ц
Ϣǽϰ
΢΢¶һ˿ϲõЦݡ
ǰԼдģϢȴǹңԶͿɽġƽ˹ȥ֮󣬽Ѿɡ
µʱ䣬߲ܣͿĴ˾ѾҪһǧͿʯȫ׼׵ٶȴӿɽ˳ƾʦ
͵ʦʱġ
ֽϵ⻹һǰдġ仰˵ͺͿʯĶ飬ҲѾʮˡ
һ£ԼͿյ͵ĿʯȻէһࡣ
֪ĿǰΪֹһʵĺͿʯˡ
ǽˮ¥̨ȵµĴʳ֧ҲԲԼõĸࡣ
ֽʯĲʵ̫ˡ
һж̤찡ֻҪ͵Ŀʯ˹ҾٿԴһǧѵȸֽôѾװһֻӣʵս
һɲǣϣֽοޱȡ
ͿʯӳڣҲֻж̶̵ʱ䡣
ô̵ʱھܹһǧѳɽƵȸֽҲĿǰΪֹĺ߳ɾˡ
ϱӵֻǿľ˾ӻûг֣ԼȴѾһӵ˽һ֧Сģǧȸ־ŵʸˡ
һǧ˷ڶˣʮʮ˽սĲǺܴ
ֻ֪Ҫһǧȸװӣܹһǧȸ쾡£Ӱ쵽һֲսʤܡ
ӽӴԼȵڣôʱ䣬ԼĿҪӭʱˡ
ôˣ
ܷ
ûʲô
ȻһЦеֽ˷šȻҵĹϵȣôжԣƼұʾ˳
һЩĵĶ廹ʱûܷ֪ԼΣԼ֮ǰ廹뱣һЩܡ
ܷɫ΢䣬һõתȥȥˡ
رΪһĵطܷ壬Ҳеõ˼ĺô
ŻܷıӰʧУЦЦҲתһĵطȥ
˵һػֻǿʼɽŨԼҲԽһĿʼ侳һƻˡ
ӿҲܿû֮С

㶣
ɽٴοʼʱ򣬾ʦ֮Уһֻɫҹ˴ų򣬾һ֧һ㣬˾Ҧ֮С
ֻƬ֮һ¹¾һţҴææ߽Ҧ
ҦҦҼҦΣԱһ߰ıʿģɽСߡ
¹߽ȥʱҦɽСߺȲ衣
¹һ£ܿͷ첽ߵҦߣһȻеֽ˹ȥ
ҦӹȥֻһۣʱΪ֮ݡ
ôˣ
˵ʲôɽ̧һͷ鲻
ϢС˵㶫
ҦܿƽϢɫҲûɣѸٽеϢ˹ȥ˵ʱ̬ȹɽ߷ǳ𾴡
ΪҦҵļүڱҦĵλ˵ȹޱȡھ棬ô𾴵֮١
ҲֻǱߵ˲ôˡ
ʵҲȷʵˡ
ǰλСòɽǡǡɹġ
ʱ䣬ڱ̲ԼãܵҵĴѹߵ˱صıأżżơ
Ҳʼб޸˲ţ׼ǰɽ޵ĸ֮һһмӵһλ
ȻҦҵλԺգҦ֪ҰûֹġҰľֻһҦҡ
ԸӲΪҦҵĵλʲôŴ
ү˵򽻵һİ֮ġʲôʲôˣʲôҦҶֻҪˡ
ȡ֮
Ҧһֱμס㡣
Ϳʯ
ɽֻһۣһ̣ԭƽɫʱΪУһ˫¶𶯵ɫ
ھʦ֮УͷȻҲҡ
ȸȻһʼʱܣ˭Ҳ֪ȸʲô
ǴӹȥڣѾʱ䣬Ҧһ˴ľʹۣȸѲʲôܡ
һȸ߰ʮʮƽֵǵӴƸ¶ôǮĻ˵Ҳӵмջ
ͻȻ𣬶ɼвЩӴĲƸȸҲû
ڽ棬ϵ£ͨұкøСǻжԵϵҲ׵ҡ
ԭЩȸ
ֹô򵥣ĺͿʯһǧ
Ҧ
ȻֻһۣҦѽĹؽݿΪı佫ǻ
ɽû˵ȴݺݵĳ鴤һ¡̲ס̾Ϣһ
ôĲƸ
ǰôĲƸ
ҦҲ͵
ͻȻһƬ𺳵ĳĬһǧĿʯһʮ㣬һ֡
˵ɽߣҦ춼ڽӵϢ˲Ͳ㱻ŵˡ
ƽǸСӵĴֱʣ͢ϵĳ겻̶Ϊ֮𶯡
ҦҴʲôССǺСӱȣʵڲԶˡ
ôĲƸݴ
ãɽߴƳĬһĶôĲƸôֱݡ
οһ֡
ǰ
ҦҲѵõĸ͡
ڵѾԶԸˣٵõôӴһʲƸľҦҲԺƥˡ
Σҵжһ취ƻġԲǵõ
ǸϽ֪ͨ¡
Ҧһ߿ɽߣһ̽ŵ
ˡķͷ۵ʱͲҪ鷳ĻԵЩµĺɡҦˣ˵ǲǣ
ɽҲĵ
Ǯ֣Щ£Ϊֹ޴繦ôõᣬգľǺĪˡ


400 ݣ
Ҧ˼ɽﲻҲҦһʲô飬ҲǴ
Ҧһ˿Źֵɫܿͻָƽ
˵ǡ
Ҧ˵ͷȻ̽ԷԷ˵ҲûдȷʵӦΪǵ顣
һǧͿʯͬСɣ˳˵˾ʦҵʱ绢ֻҦҡ
Ҧκ˶⡣
Ǳɳ־ĽڣƣǱ߻֪ѾǵܡֻҪֹ죬һжüֻҲвٵĸ֣ǱߵĴУºͿʯɲס
Ҧ˵ţ˶ɽߣ˼Զ
һǧĺͿʯҲС£ǱȻҲӡ
ϢϿжʮ书ǿлЩͿʯлвٸ֡
ҪЩлڶʳҲǼ򵥵飬û㹻ĸġ
Ҧ쵹û⣬ֻ۸֣Ҧٶ࣬Ҳ಻һֱбֵָϰߣǸƣ˲ܼ
Լĸ֣
Ҧеĸָȣֱǲ׺һֵһᡣ
飬Ȼߵ˳һЩ
Ҧǵ飬Ǿͽˡ飬ҿԸ㶨
Ҧ˵ɽߴЦţ룬һȻɫ
ЩĴеʵҲͬСɣڶ࣬ʵٶءءأһصĶһһͨĸֿ¸Ըǣֻȥ޻ء
ҦѵȻɽߵĴǳˣҦͬϢϢ൱
ҦҲòһЩעĵط
ҦľǣֻһЩءءصĴжѡ侳ĸ֣Ҳʲô˵ġӣǡûǿԵôһЩֵġ
ɽߵ룬һЩԸ
Ҧ΢΢ףҲСߡܵΣЩȻй֮
Ȼô˵ҦĳҲͷˡܵĻϣҪøĸ֡Ƕ֮ǰ֮ǰķѾҺעͲʲôѱֻʥǱ߶ûа취
Ҧѵ
ڹٵ⵽һ²ŸոչȥáҦŪʲô°ѱֻʥǱ߶Ὺʼ
ͳô꣬ҦʥʶһЩϸ֦ĩڵС£ȥ⣬Ҳȥע
Щһ٣̫ݣǱҲ֮
ֻЩȥᣬǾľװƣʲô֪˭ҪΪĺͿǾ޲ɼ
ҦģҺǱעģ
ɽ붼İ˰֣һȻΪ£ֶζûУҲһˡ
Ŷ
ҦƤһθе˾ȣ
ˡҦĳ죬֪ĸ֣
ҪԸ֧ͺͿʯĶ飬ٵ侳ǿߡּǿ߷ͬСɣҦҶ붯
ҦҲ㡣ڵһʶһЩ˵ġ֪ǲǵÿ¤ؽǸ£
ɽ

ҦĿڲɱһ˵Ҧ컹ӡ̵ġ
ֻǿϧ󹦰ܴɡҪȻҲô鷳ˡ
ĪҲʶ
ҦӦ˹
ҦӦȻ죬ֲܵӡȷʵǡʶһֻҪǸ࣬ͨĵ·ϣ˿ǵ֮ڷ֮ΪѴﵽ侳¸ֲ˳棬Ҳǣϡ
ɽźһƬ
ϮҦΪ⡣֪Լ͹ǰλɽߡ
ʶǺʣжѵѡж޷졣
ѡǾٺòˡֻҪܹٶʯұش
ҦͷҲࡣ
ǺǺǣһʲСĲƸȵ·ͷһǾͰʯ˵ʦǵõͿʯİض绢ҵҲȻӵӡ
ɽ׵յĿġ
Ҧ漴Ц
뷨ǲֻ²̫ʵʣ
ŶѵҦͲĶĻƽ𰡣
ɽüͷ
ҵ˼ˡ
ҦЩε
ҲЩʯЩʯŪϣҲôȸ⣬·£ҲֻСӲˡҲĶ⡣
ȻѾ˺ܶĹȥ˽⣬ǰλȻҦҺĶֻǺ˽⡣
Ҧʲô˼ѵ⺣ͿʯֻУͲ𣿵ʱֻҪѳǴĲͿˡ
ɽ΢΢Щõ
ûõġͿʯСӵĶ⡣
ҦЦţҲûͰѴӴµ鵽ҺͶԼ޵ĺͿʯ˵˳
ɽģһӻ˵ˡ
ССȴˮ©Ӵն̣˽ҲȵԺҲס£ֱֵһᡣبΪȱͨвǵҲСӶѡӣϴεжôܻأ
Ҧ
ɽסˣʱ仹ж̡ܶ黹ԶҦ˽ô͸
ԭΪԼĶҺڿʵƺԼ˽Ĳһ
ǣǲһҪй¶ȥֻҪ͵͵ȸֽһ𣿡
ɽߵ
ûõġȸֽȷʵɺͿʯġкͿʯȴȸֽҲ㣬ʵ˵飬иɹľֶ
Ҧ콫򿪣һڵ
ǡȸֽ
ɽߴסˣЩŵĿǰѺڲͨƺûʲô
Ҧ˵ôҲǺͿʯġֻħԻƣƥıҲ̫Զ˰ɡ
ҲǺͿʯġֱԱ߹ۿȷȷʵֺͿʯƵ
Ҧ˵ִӳ˵ڶڲʣҲǺͿʯġ
Ȼֻ̣ܶһңӶһģһȫò
ǣżҲҲܳȸֻֽҪǿ°Ӽ˹ǰһ𣿡
ɽЩĵ

Ҧٴһ̾Ϣ
ˡоżҵĹͳͳֻ콣߶ѡؼģͬʱҲһ죬ȫǸСӵ
˵ȸֽƾû˻ᡣǾһǧĺͿʯҲûа취Ҫȸֽ

ɽľ
֮ǰҦ˵Сµˮ©ŲߵʱǺţҲЩΪȻ
һ̣ͻȻЩᵽǸСӵεĵˮ©ˡ
Ҧ˵ûҵС⣬˿˭Ҳã


401 
һǧĺͿʯƽĲƸѵǾһ취û𣿡
ɽ
óϣ֮ǰ붼ûġôõĻᣬôһ⣬ȴƫƫԲˡ
ûȸֵĶ켼Щʯô
ǵҲһ
Ҧ˼Ƭ̺
Ŷ
ɽ̧ͷ¶ѯʵɫ
˵֧ʹʳ캣ͿʯЩĵáȻԼòˣ˵ǿ԰Щʯǡ
Ҳֻˡ
ɽ̾ϢһȻԺͿʯ̫˽⣬Ҳ֪ԭϺͳƷ֮Ǿ޴ġ
Ʒȸﵽļֵԭʯ²żѡ
еԤ̫ˣҲֻʤˡ
ϾҲòˡҦڲĶõ֤
Ұ֪ͨǱߣٶȰǿʯ¡Ǿ͵ءȹηͷȥϵʳˡЩͿʯͱˡ
ɽĲʲԸ
ǰҲֻôˡ
Ҧͬ̾ϢȻƽĻƽôвҦβĶ
˵ĵȻվޱź
նݲ紵Ȼٶһ⣬վǳ֮ơ
ɽǣĿȴǿһԵҦ죺
ҦҦ·󣬾ͲܴԴͷ취׵ľҵܴԴͷͷһ𣿡
ɽߵ
Ҧ۾΢ǴΪĶƶ޷ȡһֵ֧ͿɽȥԴͷϿס˵һݣľ֮ơ
Ψһǣ·;ңԶҵβ졣ķѵʱٶĸ¡
ǺôҲԵģ
ҦҺȻʱ䲻ܶңܶ壬ɳȥһȫԵġ
ʥǱ֪ҲƲ
Щû˵ģֻҪ˺Ƥʥù˼ɡ
ҦĿ⣬ϰ߷۹ڣɽߣէĿⷴΪԶ
üı飬ƾҦҿ»»Ҫİ
Ҧ
Ҧġһᰲŵģ
ɽ΢Цһһʣһ¡

ֻƬ֮һֻɫҹ缲һӾʦ֮з˳ȥͬʱҦҵĸ֣ҲӾǳһϣңԶȥ

Ⱥɽ࣬Ѳϡ¤ȥһ·򣬴Լǧ֮һƬããĸɳĮɽХǷ绯ɳļ

ͨıؾ֮·
󶼻۹󽫾ͳ췶ΧǷ죬ƬĿ
ããĸڡɳĮǴȻ͡Ȼǰǵ۹ҲȻʧɫ
ΧƬɳĮ˴ɽˡΪɳĮõϡ
ֻҪһͷɳĮ棬ǵ۹ĹپҲǱ޳Ǽ
ɳĮһɽĵط˹ɳأƬɽĵطãã޾֪ٵˡɽפǽ£һ⻷ҫ۶Ŀ
أأأأص侳ֲ֪١
¡¡
ʱ֣ؼ˹ΪȵʱͻȻ֮䣬Χɳ£𶯣һɽ˷
ɳĲǻζݣͺʲôȻҪӵصһ
ϣ
ս˻ԲʮڣеսܵɲϢ׷궯
ϢսԶĸ֪ҪĶࡣ
սķӦ˷и֪һĻɽȫ˷ܵ໽
óϵľƴһ߹һߴЦĿڴɫ
һ㲻ֺһģһ
ֵʱˣ
ȣգﻹбɳĮʺϰĵط
С̣⻹ûʼųʲôˣôŰ죡
ǣǶɳ㵨ӿûʸŰ죡

һȺ˷ܵĴЦĿе֮ɫˡ
¡ֻһ˺ѵľ죬ɽΪģ˷ɳڣͻȻѿһ϶һ̣䣬ɰǧʯСС飬ͻȻ㣬һ£ӵصƿն
䣡䣡䣡
ЩʯнǧأСҲмʮأһ֮󣬲û岼֮Уһ
һɲǼ䣬ɽΧһƬ
ѾεļһĻˣÿμʱ˻Ǹоǿ𺳺ͳ
ͺһοһ
̫˼ˣ
˼
˰˭õأ

ϣĿⶢͷһһĻĽ㽣ľηһصƴľҺʪ·֪
Ⲣʲô񼣣Ҳʲôɴȵ֮еһУĽ
ǰ
ХɳʯЩʯɳͬʱ˷֮ԪҲ·ܵĳһ㣬ƺƵɽһӿȥ
ﬣ
޴ĸ˵Ķ𣬾ͷʱһ޴ĺɫ纣˰ɽй£ɽ
һڶȦɫ޴ġٴγй£סһ⻷Ȼչȥ
һߵ޴صĺɫ⻷ɽҲһͷųһɴذصζ
ߵ޴ľ⻷ͬԭʼͬʱҲǿһ⻷
֮
ߵ⻷֮УһɺصĴعϢǽش֮ǰЩ侳ءءصߣһԵ΢
ֻ侳߽ǿ߲ӵӴ
ˣ
ǧĵصʯɢ֮УǾֹŲͣĲǵľ졣
˷ɳɳҲʼһεɵƬ
ԭȵ磬ҵʱ򡣵ɽΧȴһƬնڱˡ
ЩյĻҳӰ˶Ȼʧɫž
¡¡
֪˶ãʯ׹£ɳɢȥиյľʯȫ׹£ѿĵطҲٴκ£
ɳ˷£
ֻһɲǼ䣬еһбȫɢȥɳָԭȫһıļ
ˣ
һ̾Ϣ̾ϢɽһӰҲ˹


402 Ϳʯᣡ
¡
һ죬ɽĶˣҳһʯŴ򿪣ʯ߳һΰ޳Ӱ
£һС˺ܶġ֮俪ɢɽصϢγеǿ
ûκףûκεƣ˴һһ㣬ȻȻĳΪصģ˲ѹΧʮеɽ˵Ϣ
һӴ̺նȻޱȡ
μ
쳹أɽΧǧƵɽ˺ѹѹһƬͬʱ
ݽ棬׺ɱڷˣһȫԼ߰ͷ­ɽ¶ѱɫ
¤еɽˣڲͳͳҪǰˡ
֮·ϣߣ֮ɳ֮
Զˣÿ궼ҪϺʾء
ɣ
һ˴ԣ˶ɽϣ˴ƮƮ΢΢һֻ֡
л
һУɽ˷׷վ
¤֮·죬Ժָ˲֪˲֮ס
ȵʮ꣬Ժ;ۼ˴Ķ֣߰صĸֶ԰ټƣҶĵμ˽⣬Ѿ·β󲻵
ণ
˷׷ʱһХͻȻ˼ž˷׷̧ͷֻһֻ޴ҹͬһӿƿն£ֱɽԺȥ
һ˲㡣
ԺĿһ£ҲֻĿҹԼֱۡ
ֱһ£Աֻһ׺ǰһʵӵҹ
Ժ˵ͷŴҹϽǷš
Ǻǣˡ
еݣԺֽһţ¶˲ϵ飬ôãڵȵԼҪϢˡ
׼һ£
еֽ飬ӳԺ´˳
¡
һ˲䣬ԭһƬžڷ˶ʱɽХĻɽȺһƬڡ
ʱôãҪʼж
˶֪׳ֵֵܹ֡ģǴ¡

ɽ˷ܵˡɽԺҲ¶һЦݡΪ·ϵ֮ԺѲںǮƸˡ
ʵﵽ־磬ںֻһǾǡȨǾʲô֮
ҪȨ
ڣṩľֻᡣ
ֻҪܹᵽ飬ܹ˳ĴݡȨƣԼյˣԼһԸһ¥ﵽǰĸ߶ȡ
ǼʮĴУĵˡ
һɲǣԺбҰġ
ߣ
ֻһɲǣԺһӣİڣƺƵɳͺͿʯĳӷȥ

ʲôͺͿʯĳӱٶˣ
֮ɽϣ𾪡
ԼĶ䡣
ôܣ
˾ԼһǧͿʯǳأʦ֮⣬֪˼޼
֮ǰڵȴһǧĺͿʯ˳͵ʦû뵽֮ʯͱٶˡ
ȻϢԺмֱһƬҡ
ʯǳҪԲܳκεĲ
ֻǲƸô򵥣
ӣѾ֤ˡȷɣ
ӥҲɫءڵǳأԼϵɽ֮󣬼е鲻ҡѵӪǺͿʯ鶼
еʹá
ǰȺͰԼ͹ʱӥ߼̲ȡжֹȥӦһٶǰķӡ
˭ģ
ȭͷһѾ֮ǾİЩʯŪ

ӥشȴǳϵĸɴ࣬嶼һ⡣Ϊ飬ӦòôײŶԡ
ЩһûټȫǴҡӶᣬڻǵİɱ־
ﵽʲô
ʵ
ϱӸûйעЩԸûŹʲô
ӥҲûԥͰԼ֪塣Ϊǰְ̲ĴڣЩϵϢȷʵ֪ıöࡣ
˲Ĭˡ
һͳ¤֮ò˵һжԤϡ
ֻǣǵĿǰΪֹ֪ΪʲôôǰٶЩʯĶ£ֻнƱǵע⡣ȻҲų֪ȸֵļ۸ӶͿʯҪԴթҪЮǡ
ӥ
ǾҪԴթҪЮǣ
һ˼ԥİ˰֡
ţӺô϶
ӥЩ
ϻҰʳʨҲΪ顣թɽܻԺ֮顣ôиԭ򡣡
仰ӥƤͻȻֲõĸо
Ӹò˵
ûԺҦҡѲ˹ϵ
ն
ǣʱҲδ̫ˡδطӦôɣ
ӥЩŵ
ȻҲлɹҦҺϾ˫ĹϵӥǾãǷӦδô졣
ߣ³Ҳ˵ˣȻӶԣǰԺٳ֡ңÿôķТΪʲôҪӶҵĺͿʯʲôʱֿʼûָʹǾԲôɵģ
Ц
Ҫ֪ǲҦҺɵģܼ򵥡ӥȥ鿴һ¡ҦҺ⼸ôҦҺǰһڣǲġǷİǲʣġ
ӥٶȱеĻҪ죬һֻҹɳȥֻʱʦе˾ӥĲԡ
飡
͵һȭ䣬ʯ鶼ˡ
Ȼģ
ɫࡣ
ӥɫҲ̫ÿ
Ĳ²ûдһڣͱ˵Ҧ⼸ȴƽȻǲġ
ӣô
ӥڵ
ǲҦҺѾǹؽؽôͿʯһ
һǧĺͿʯɲһСĿӥȸֽô˽⣬Ҳ֪ʯļֵѾﵽһ֡
¶ھʦҴ˵ֶǲġ
һ仰ҦҺξԸһһΣǻߡ
û˵ɫѿѡ
ûһΣǰִ
ӥѼ鱨ڶ࣬ƣǧŵ֡
Ժ侳߽׵ǿߡ
ּƴ˶Ըˡ
˵Ǵ󶼻ĵ̡СϴεĽڶʹ¼ˡ
ĵ̣廹֪ԼһǧĺͿʯĻԺ鷳
ҦҺ
ϴԼִѵӪͱǷ·ҵ˸뿪ʦԿ϶Ǿ԰·ɱ
ҺϴζԸԼηηβͬҵĸ֣ҾԷſֽţ޹˼ɡ
ǰǣл
ҦҺԵԼ֣һԨ


403 ķ
ɽϾĵģӥ壬üͷҲýġ
ֻóѱӥѱΪΪصΪ°ֻ̤侳ҲԲǸԺĶ֡
ᣬԺ²֪ɽˡ
ⷽ棬ӥҲüչ
ھͺˣ
ӥطáС֮󣬼طþ뿪ˣǱȥ˽ϣҲɳȥִһص񣬶ʱز
ڣȻǱȲ߽׵ԺҲиӦһ鶼ˡ
ֻȥˣ
ͻȻ̾Ϣһ
˵λ
ӥͻȻһ顣ʱʵ벻˭ܽǰľ档
ֻЦЦûлش

ĸʱ֮ҵ糾ͣʹֹԺǰ
ǰ׶ߣҪ׳ʵö࣬һ㣬˱ըѹȸеҵнסһ̾Щʡ
屾˼Ҫ취ҵϵ꿪ϵϱߵս±
ڵüͷѾ˲ôࡣ
һǧĺͿʯƻҪ֮һûһǧͿʯɵȸֽȵǼ鷢ԼӢ֮ء
֮ǰô˼ôʱľٶͱú塣
Ϊδͨ󽫾ܹһ֮ŤתսսֵǿڣҵҲΨһ֪
ˣֻһΣ
ҵӸ£壬һ΢Ц¡¡ͬһ㡣
ôãڵȵԼˡֻҪεͿģķˡ
Ȼ
ԥ
ΧԼ߿Ҳֻҵˡ
ã͵仰
ҵЦ˵תߡʲôԺʲôĿƽ
һССô赲ĵ·
һȣ
ͻȻе
ôСӣ뷴𣿡
ҵ¡¡ɽͰת
ˣʱ䣬Ҿ㻹ȱһѳֵ

Ŷ
ҵԥһ£ܾ룬ǵ˵ͷȻԼԸһҪʲôֶΡ
ȱһѳֵģϺԼҲȷʵĶ̰塣ɽڣһֱûҵʵġ
ðɣ
ҵڵ˵ͷ
ɽ뿪صԼСһ֮Ѿܾûôֶ
˳ӣԲҵߣƵĿȣϰ°ıĺȣȻֻһʱͼֽȻһͷɽ֮С
κһζͬһνɽȥĿ麣Ϳʯ
ֹѾκһ졣ԭĮĵҵҲԴ˲Ȥ
Լĵһôܲĵġ

ɽ֮УݶĽ֮¡¡ڶĽŨ̴ð
ڵڣ岻߲ݰеľͶ뵽СεжϵԼȫƻֻɹʧܡ
Ҳǰδеӣ
һƽ𣬸ҾʦõĴʦǿĴʦҪһ֮ڣѽ㹻ķ񡢼̡ѸģһֱѽҲ޷Ϊֹ
֮޹ǣƣĴɽ˳
һ
ӥһ𶯣ҵҲ̲סƤ
ûʱˣٶȽ顣䣬ϵԽãԽǲ
ƣ
һȻ࣬һǧĺͿʯֵ󡣷ǳ֮ʱ÷ǳ֮ߣĻһоͳˡ
ңһƽ𻨳ȥһƽļֵ
ѽľĺͿʯ֮ǰǰѡԨҪࡣ
ѽѾһʮӽһʮˣ
ѽ¶侳ǿ˵ʹá
ٵ𣬲ɵʹá
ѽרΪҵġһ仰Ƕһ޶ġΪ˻ȥһĻƽҲֻļֵ
Կ϶ѽԶԶ֮ǰκһѡ
ˣ
иܵ־ᶨӥԥ˽ȥɽһ޴İúڲţޱȡ
ӥߡ
һ֮ӥڰѰ˻
ӣѾȫˣܹλĴʦ˴ССʮķѾϼˡ
ӥ
һƽûа׻ѱϵѾﵽ˱Īĵز
û˵ֻɽ衣
ǣ
ӥ˵ͷܿ˳ȥѸٵķųʮֻӥҹҹݺΧ
󼸵ԹۣȻҲӥ
еܣҲмֵܡ
ɽﰲĿ£ֱʱ֣ɽ˶ÿһζһ㡣
ˣ
ͣڴɽ˳һѾ͵ĳж׶೤Ƥţ˳
ɫĽûǶ̫ıʯֻͨڣм򵥵
ûйװΣȴԳһڶļ»
Ҫ״򿪣ȵҪʱٴ򿪣
忪ڵѽݵҵ
ҵڶڣûӹǿ壬¶һ˿ֵɫ
ã
֣صĴнӹҵ˵࣬¶һ˿ɫȻתͣ󲽵ȥ
ӰѸٵʧԶ
ӥҴŸ󲮣ȫԽ˷˵壬ӱͥ¤絥ӣж壬ڵĵط⣬Ҫ죡

ﲻֹԺһˣǧʵǿˡ岻ϣѹҵһϡ
һ˵ôҲԸǧϳ͢ľһоͲһˡ
ΨһǣǷĵ̡㲻ע⡣
⣬ȥϹܼҡȻ۷ĸֺѽͷһأصĸӦò⡣ȥӦҵɡ
⣬ҲɡҪʱ֪ϢŸӥϵ

ǣӣ
ӥԥʵȻǺܸߣͣ۷ľ磬ƾѱӥ֮ҲĽϢݹ
⣬ӡҪֽй𣿡
ˣ
Ķһ£ҡҡͷ񣬶ңڣҲԸԺ
λ·ϵľ뢣Ҳֻмϣҵˡ
ǣӡ
ӥ֣صĵ˵ͷȻȥ
ϣһ˳ܹɹɣ
һĶˣӥ뿪֮һ˿ǵɫ
ڵҵԶǺǸ޵еĵ۹ͨ󽫾ܲܳɹҲûеס
ҦҺ֣ɹҲܹ˳ʳͿʯ䡣
УһȥһȲɡ棬ҲҷԡңҲġ
һѸеķȥ


404 ҵĵһս
ȥȵģһֱҹŻ
ܲܳɣһоͿˡ
а
һѾ׵ǱѾӦæٳɱһֻӣæΧɳĮ
ҵϳ͢ΧˣҲвԺˡɽģȫӿ
ҲĿǰΨһˡ
Ϊﵽ侳кܶĶ嶼оͰϱ侳һżǿľѧ
ǹ

ʱʮʱһζɽȴϢʱ򣬾ʦ֮һƬڡ
һεӾʦɢȥżֶȥ
ҵһ˶ߵľ޴ƥˣҹͣȥ
ʦ·;ңԶûһµʱ͵ˡҵַΨһʱ䣬ӿϵɳķ
ҵһһȣǴ¸ʱӥĸҲں׷ϡ
ıҲ˳ôﵽͥʹ󶷾֮СԽ˷˵֯־жϡ棬Щβ󲻵ľ޷ˣ͢չж
֮ƶ£һɶ෽ɵĴɳѸƽ


ϮϮɳɳͻҳǵضɽһƬ
ɽ˻ǽ䱸ɭϡ
Ȼͨ˵ɳķ籩ΣգҺѽܡǶ˵ȴϰΪ
е·ΧסԼƥĿڱǣڷɳѲߣǵĻ
ɽиɶڽؼĵط˲ٵ֣Ҳľ
ϴεĽӵƥɱ˲ٵСЩֲȻи侳ĸ֣ɱն
ô꣬ѾٳˡºϢ˵ھһĶ
˶Ե÷ǳš
˭֪λ׵ưոݣﵹҲںµҪܡ
һѾ̫ĹپΧ˵ĳˡķ춼κβǣ˵ˡ
ҪǾʦλɳˣʱ򲻹ֱɳĮһˡ

أɳɣɽΧȻһ漴һĸоԶԶĴӷд
ˣ
ͬʱɽһȻӰ۾һ˫۾ںɵķɳ֮УҲ˲ֱӵҫ۾â
Ժ𵶵ɽһʯϣľһĿ䣬ȫһ
ڰʱ֮ǰ͸оһİϢͻȻԼĸ֪֮Уұֱһ˿ûƫԼɽ
ɽΧڣݲֻʣԷǳԼġ
ߣǿ찡ֻʮʱ䣬Ȼͣϵ
ԺĿ޽ǳ֮ȻȻ¶һ۵ȡ
ʦɽٶһµʱ䣬ԷôĸȻҹ̣Ҳʾ˶㹻ӣ
ֻһˡ
ҲδԼ̫˰ɣ
Ĵ󶼻죬ֻһˣҲ֮ززﶺ֡Ϊ˷죬רΧ˴ߡ
ֻҪһţֻҪǳſϷ򣬶ϻһֻŸɵɽˡ
ˣ
ÿ˶˵۹Ĵ󽫾ܹɵģҲͽô˶ѡ
ֻһ˾¶ʯ쿪
ˣ
ͻȻһӶߴһ˲䣬ɽϣĶͬһ
ֻƺƵķɳУ֪ʱͻȻһӰһһӡɽ
ĽŲȴ쳣ļᶨأ˵ĸо˵ǰǷɳǵɽ澳ԨҲ赲סĽŲ
ſµģǿ󣬶Զܱ˵־
ú
ԺźƺƵķɳӣı䣬¶һ˿ء
ָܸоƾһӰı뷨ʣˡ
¡
ɳУҵɽȥ֪˶ãҵߵǰȻӱȡǱȸִ󽣣ʣ¡¡صڵϣǰ
һɲǣضɽҡɽҵһв
ڵˣ
ҵ˫ַž޴ȸֽϣصĴһ˶ʮʱ䣬ҹ̣ƥѵصսڸϵңԶɽ
վɽ£ڿĿɽӸ£һۣƮƮԺԼǰءءصﾫˡ
Ժ
ҵʮ㣬¡¡һڰлصէһڣѹ˷籩мսܵţϣ͵
ҹ˶ʮ࣬·;ֻżϢƬ̣ҵȴ˿ƣֻ˷ܣмսĿ
һú
ɽϣԺӸ£һôľ룬ҵ԰һԺȻҲԿ
ҵӴ񡢽׳ʱ׳Ҫһţվɽţʲôӽһ㣬һּѹȸС
ûֶˣʵͿ֪ˡ
Ժ
Ժڵ¡¡ϣ
ôƺ
ҵ
ҵɽף¶һ˿ЦݡȻҵôһоͺ˵ˡ
ҵ
Ժüͷ¶һ˿ɻɫĶĿ£ɽ˵ĵطĶĿ
ȫĸ֣޸߾û֪ġҵ
ԺҡҡͷδšԷԼĳĴ
Ӿʦģ
Ժٴοڵ˺ܶࡣ
ǣ
ҵһЦö룬Ҳ֪ԷôԼġҵں
ȻԼδԼһµġ
ȻԺһоͺ˵ˡͿʯɣ
ҵһؼ쵴ɡ
壡
ҵһ䣬ԺûпڣɽΧ˷ãã纣Χ̲סһôЦ
ԺɽҲ̲ס¶һ˿Цݡ
׳ʿҾúɣҵһλã
ХԺָָԼߵĿλ
ǹ٣ǷˣͬΪıһΣ԰ǷԸ⽫ӵĺͿʯ
ҵ˫פȸִ󽣵
ƾʲôƾһ𣿡
ɽϣԺǼȻԷԸͶҲòſˡ
š
ɽ£ҵĵ˵ͷƺԷݵζ
𣿡
Ȼ
ҵٴĵ˵ͷ
ߣȻˣԼȡɣ
Ժɫ΢䣬˵޽ǳ裬ֱҲͬʱſ¡¡ſֱۣǧڣ飬ХŴɽͺХɽŵҵΧȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ءءصĸҲԺ˳
̶Ѩ
Ժĵ̣
֪ӣ
ɽ£ҵ˫սãã纣ҵû˿ĺ£еֻмȵ˷ܣڼս˷ܡ
һעΪսģ
Ȼ㲻Ը⽻ʯǾԼȡɣ
¡¡쳹أҵ˫פȻȻԼǰȸִ󽣡
¡
һһ۵İ׹⻯ΪΣͻȻӵϳ𡭡


405 ԺĲرͼ
㣡
֮һֻֻҹӥХҹлһӰʦķ
ʲôҵɹˣƾһ֮նɱһ˶ʧĺͿʯ
ӵӥҹϢһ𾪼ֱԼĶ䡣
Ȼ֪ҵпܻɹҲû뵽Ȼַʽ¤ͥصϾӻ·ϣĸֺӥҲûиϣҵȻѾһ֮һ˶ʧһǧͿʯ
ۣҴ󲮶ҵϵȣ˱һôûá
ҵһ˾ͽ
һﵽô
վɽϣӥϢֽԾ˵
ǿǧƵڰ·ϣǿ˼ۼԺ¡
ԾӵĹģ˵ԺＸ൱һˣ
ҵȻһ֮ͻصԺǧľ
ֱţ
Ҳ̫˼ˣҪ֪ҵԶûдﵽǸͨ󽫾ĵز
д˼ŸӥϢ·ϡ
ӥڼϵɽϵġѾȥһܶˣӥϻǲżȵ𾪡
ô£
ʵ
Ժˣˣ׵ˣ
ӥϴżȵ𾪡
ԴӽӵǱߵϢҹ̣ƥͣĻˣͣĸʦ
ӥǾϢģһֻСǱߡ飬ӥһ㶼塣
ĹپϵɽҰʬ壬˵ʬ壬ʬ壬ǣȫһϣɳĮɳӶȾˡ浽ѷ죬дʯǳҡ
ӥ¤ͥ¤ҲжĿ尲ŵģһӥİţ÷ͳһʱ֪Ϣ
£ӥԼ֪Ϣȫ˵˳
û˵ӥ˵ĳе𾪡ȫսϵսʽҵ飬û˾ĲμսѾ¶պսǸͨ󽫵սˡ
֪ӥ˵ĳ棬ǡǡպҵΪͨ󽫾֧ս
սƴΪܶǶˣˡ
ҵһսչ¶ģַ

尵ҵûгΪǸµͨ󽫾Ѿʼ¶ˡ
⣬һյҵϢ˵Ѿ˵ʮľͶ뵽ߡڴǷؾʦ·ϡ
ӥ

һ⣬ϢĳԤϣ
ķ񰡣
ֵֹģипѡ
ҵ֡˵忴ȫԴġڼʮսĲսϣ۶жҵľӶûкˡ
ҵԼҲͰˣϾʵǿ󡣵ЩսʿҲһᶨȵĸη޾壬ɲ˸ʹȻ
ûгΪͨ󽫾ҵѾǷâ¶ˡ
ϧˣҪ𣿡
ӥ壬һϧ
֪ӱֹͥԺԺŴ󳳴ֵǸ޺ȻǿĴڡ
ǿսԺɱˣô̫ϧˡ
Ҳû취¡ŲӦ£Ȼͱ
֪ӥʲô˰֣ʾͷ
ӥ֪ҵҲûէһ飬е޴𾪡
Ƕ˵һѲܡ
δͨԼЧһʱѾǲˣ˵ȥѾֵԺˣ
Ĵվס
а
δĵ۹վôܹѱģҲֻ̹Ȼܡ
ֻ˵˲ô׸ı䡣
ܹԼһǧͿʯһ˵Ҳջ
飬Ҳ˿
ӥֻصʼԼġ
ҵʮ󷵻ؾʦģһ𷵻ؾʦģʮ侳ءءصﾫ
⣬мĴУҲҵһ˾ʦ

ЩУѾ͵ɳĮҵǵģˣаԼȵģ˵ʶ㡣
ɽϣҵߴĿͬɽһ
һսû˿ƣۣӵľͺʹľһ
лл
ȻѾӥķɸ֪Ϣ廹ǵл
⣬ЩͿʯҲ˻صҡ˼˼ء
ҵ
š
˵ͷ׹ȥһСĶ
㣡
ʲô
ҵһ˿ɫʶĽס
ҩж˲ɡȥܰѰ

С¶ѡ
ҵһЦ˰֣Ϊ⡣Զǿ׳ô죬ҲͺõĲˣ޹ؽҪ
Ҫ⣬ǧ֮ѨСۻҲҪġ
嵭
ҵȷʵǿ󣬵ǿҲһˡϱӵҵΪ̫ͣķأټƽʱĴ⣬ơϵۻŻؽʱܵսշȫִССİ
ȻⱲҵܰһһ㣬ܸıһһ㡣ҵԽԽδ۹ܸá
ϱӣѾֹܹ¾սĸо
⣬ﻹһҩԺСս̷Сġս̷ĴܹƽʱעһЩܻкô
׹ȥһӵ
ҵڻǽ˹
ǣĵҩãҲһ㡣
Ŷ
һ⡣
ҴԺҵġһϻװӣղأһر⡣ҶԲرͼȤȤĻȥ̫ϣҿǸԺһûʲôչ
ҵһ˵ţһֽһİӸ塣
رͼ
գգ۾ԽˡҵԲرͼȤֺγǸȤ
۲ƸĸɵйһأҲȲ塣
Ĳ˵һǧͿʯһֵĲƸˡҴһ¶ղ֡
Ժղأͨıô򵥡
ʲô
尵棬ҵ׹ĴĶΪ⡣
ΪŵľȻһƤһδģ泤СƬĺɫƤ
ƤϣоһɺǿҵҼ˲䣬оһֺΣյĸо
ʲô
̽ʶץסŹϵĺɫƤ


406 ̫޼Ԫɹ
Ƥ
ɽϣ볣Ĵ棬а˿ϵĺɫƤ˵һ벻Ļ
Ƥҿ
а˻䣬һֻİ۵СԱ˹һץϵĺɫƤ
𣡡
Сģ

аɫ΢䣬ҪֹѾˡСô뵽˺׵֡
𣡡
Ϣ䣬֮ǰһĻٴˣ
СץסƤͬʱһģ˱Űɱ¾ϢͻȻڴ
һεıŰϢͬһ㣬ڴϯͬʱ˾롣
žգ
ƤأССɿɫ԰ףһܵŵɫ
˵ˣҪ
ЦСõԸһֱôðʧƤаŵĺܣʦԱ߾ѾܵǹɾĳˣСֱܵĳͿ֪
Сһô嶯ҵȰ棬Ժͱʦ
аһСãһ
Сʱؾصģ˵
Ȼ棬嶼ܲסаȴη塣һΣܵƤǹɾĳǳ˿ڶûлָﻹ˵ʲô
ʦ֮ôôаšңֶ𣿡
ʵ
ʲôͳͳǴ˵岻ϱӻһһûпޡ桢ʲô֮ļĺܶࡣ
㡢ʨӡϻɡƤеԺȷԲеκһҰޡ
ѰҰеġ
ǺǣûмûСȻ߿ͨӵ񻰰ʲô֮ģʲôϡأʱ򣬾һβɽһˣͷȴɽһˡ
ЩȻȴûС
а΢Ц˵һΪĻһ룬ȴ޿ɱ沵
ȷʵȻֳܹʥĴڣʲôֵأ
ңЩδή޴صߣǸ˾֡
ȻҲûмʫ飬Ӧ֪ϹŵʱȷʵкھаףƾжܴȻҲда񡢺ڰ롣
аƽ
ĬȻйļأһȻ֪ġڴսʱʥ˳֣˵
һ¼ʷ֮С
ֶ̫һֱǵ񻰿ġֱƤ
ǲƤҵǺ⡣ģ
а˵ţָסǿɫƤǺСһаָסƤ֮󣬷ȴʲô鶼ûз·һͨƤһ
ģƤϼصŲرͼ
а˽ɫƤǰģһŽȻͬĲرͼһŸӵ·ͼ滭ɽһЩӵıǣȫֱͺһԹ
ɽһŴ˵ǹһŶĿѧģͽ̫޼Ԫɹ
а˿ڵ
ˣ
ŹԱߵСûһãȻȴ͵ĳ鴤һ¡ҵŹʱʵû̫ĸо
Ź֣ĸоʱȫͬ
ʮŴѧ컯̫޼Ԫɹǧ̫޼Ԫɹռ֮һ
ңžѧԿʮžѧеǰ֮У
ֻѾ֪Źǰʧˡһڴ峯ʱ
ҪõŹûѰһʼ붼ûҲûаѰ֮С
˵ŹʵһҲкܴĹϵ㻹ǵǰ˵Сʹ컯ٳɼףΪǸôֻҪԴԴϵĴӱڼȡܹڶ̶ʱӵб˼ʮеΪ
ƾŹʮǰѾݺɽ磬¸֡ҲһһסΪﵽﵽ¯࣬ΪԽߣڵԽǳͻңҲԽ߻ħΣաһ˽һӵʱ䣬ҪڵĸֲͬΪһ¯ʧˡ
󣬱ͽˣҲΪԭ򡣡
а˵˴壬¶һĨǵɫ
С̫ˡھɱˣҪɡ˻Ҫ㡣ɲʲô¡
ǰ֮֮ʦаһ˶ڲŻ᳹׵ķŹתǧ
ǡ컯ǿҲӹɵģֻҪܹɱ㹻Ķ֣ǵΪΪã̵ʱڳΪĸ֡
һǡǧ޷ġߵѶȣҪǰʮֹ
Ȼﵽ㶼һľˣ
ʦģ֪ʲô

׾ͺá컯ľ޴ȱǲֲܹõ̫޼Ԫɹ໥ֲܽ컯ȱΪΡһûܹ
̫޼ԪɹĴ̫أȵҲǴ峯ʱ֮ǰʱҲûôᡣ֮ڣҵŹΨһˡ
а˿ϵĲرͼ̾Ϣ
Ū˰
õŹͲˡڣ컯Ūˡġ컯ѾˣﶼѾˣѾŹˡ
ǣҪĶôԺУĵͼô£
üͷ
ĩʱ´ңȺ۲𡣡̫޼ԪɹӦǸʱ䡣Ժ·ϵ·ҽǱݣҲΪԭ򣬲ԵɺеõŹĲرͼ
ĵͼҵɽʱԼһ㡣˵λ̫޼ԪɹǰԼľѧһźڽȻͬϹŵĵͼ档ϹŵͼŹԴͷʹУҲŹеĴͳ˵öˣŵҲˡҲû뵽ִ˵Ȼģ
а̾Ϣ
üͷҲǵһ޵ʮ󶥼⴫湦ġʦа˵ġ컯ѰĹ϶ǿ
̫޼ԪɹϹɽΪرͼҲǺ֡
ֻ׺ɣ½ϹʱڵĵκʹȫͬҪ뿿ɽͼҵ̫޼Ԫɹصص̫ܣ
һֻǿ£


407 ɽ
Ͳùˡ̫޼ԪɹͽҰɣǸѱӥҾͿˡ
аϰ˰ֵ
ʦ
忴ϥʦ¶һ˿ǵɫȻʦͷɰתڣ࣬ȴоóľûеôá
ϸоܴڸоһ˿ҵϢǱ͵Ϯﱻƺĺ֢
ǧҪԷ书ƲƶֻзȥܳɾѨϵЩǧС
ǡǧҪԷ书ƶаֱ͵Ϯﱻȫͬġ
ڵаȻǧһĻ򣬳ֵʱҲǧѰ˸ԸˡΪ͵Ϯشԭڸ;ս
һսʱ䳤һЩͻ߻ħҲһǧͿʯ٣ûʦֵԭ
ңһ¶Щ͵Ϯʦɽʦ뢣ǸͽʱЩ˷ӵҵµʱסʦ
һ֮սֻҶܵǣ
ڣͲ׶ʦ
ʦа˾סĵֱӱ廮ΪԾǶ׿
岢ûָܿԶȥϵһʱһʱ
һƬĬ
ТģʦˡʦһӶأη壬һһӹ𣿡
а˿ڵ
ʦġͽһ뾡취ҵ޸ķ
ڵϣ
˼㹻ˡʦ֪ô
а壬һ˿οɫɽݺһӣ̸ɫ䣬ǵаȴԼģɱЩɽаֻɢ̸ɫ䣬յСͽܡ
ǲ˵һһף˵ǲĳԳģܸоóġ
ϣܸоһƬ֮ĵģڹĲҪԼ
ϰɽĶթа˵ϵĸǼġ
ʦճһӣʶĶĶ̫̫ˡ֪ʲôʲôҡ̫޼Ԫɹһġ컯ϵҵʱͼѰҹϧһֱͽ޹ѵõõȷʵҲܷŹ
ܹõŴѧ˵컯žЩǰûɵ飬۷Բľ磬ﵽһָߵľ磡
а˵
˵ʱ߿˼顣ֲ컯Ը滨˼뱲ӵʱ䡣
ϣֿɼ˭ֹƳ˵֮󣬻ܲЩѾĵˡ
ͽˡ
֪ʦ⣬ûٶ˵ĿͷȻ˳ȥ

̫޼Ԫɹ飬尲źӥȥʦ֮󣬱ûȥܡ
ȫ񶼷ŵ档
ʱȥÿһ춼гĽӣʱȣһأȲ侳ڶسȥ

һԽĳХƷɽۣХͬʱ彫һݣͬһһ㣬ʮɵĿȥ
ˣĽ£˷㼯һƬɫ״Ԫһ̤һٴŸȥ
飡ڶ̤ƽߣڰһβͻȻǰ㣬ʮһɽʯȥ
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬һľʯͬӲĵ棬ըɷ飬̳𣬼ʮ֮ߡ
飡
֪˶ãһֻصģеĽƴӹ̳̤˳ץһɫĳǹ̳֮˳
ͦΣĿ¶һǿϢ

紵̳ϯһգ¶һʮ׵ľ޴Ӷ
ֻڶأʵ
彫еɫǹһһأϵһƤ棬Ȼ󳤳һ
ڿÿڿһΣܴмȡһεԪǰǰڿվŴ֮Ρ
ﵽھأѾӴ󲻿˼顣һһܻӦ
ѾԽκ侳ǿߣֱӿԻ侳ĸ֡
žѧĲǱÿδʱȡԪ֮ܶ֡
ﵽأϿԴﵽڿˡµ˵֮ˣ֮ܵס
ڿ£侳ӵмԱˡھǲˡ
аһ˵ţһſಣһӰϳ䵽ϣСֻкҴСһ¡
αչˡջɹµġ¡
ȻΪԶֹ£֪Ͳٿˮƽľϸ̶ȴԶԶĳ
µġ¡ܹأžѧ侳Բˡ
ಣ
һţеȥסʮһʯ漴ֻ죬ֻһʯͱ⣬ѹƬ

ңһǧϸʯ滩ɢһѡ
û»Ϊ̫ˡµ;Ӧþֻһô򵥣
ȻһЦһǰȥһ֣Ͱڡ
ڣ
ʳָĴָУɽŷһ߿ļڡһ̣һ̳ɽµֻգ֮䣬һƥڵİǰһȵͷ塣
Ҫ𣿡
һдܷѩ֪ʲôʱһƥ
̶µʱ䣬ܷ˿Ҳ仯˲٣˱øӵǿ󣬵Ҳøӵ䣬ףͬʳ˼̻һ㡣
⼸£ܷҲǸ治٣ʵԽԽߡ
Ҳ֪ǲΪ־סĹϵоܷĻԽߣͱԽ䡢ľʳ˼̻𣬸һֲԶĸо
ˣڻܷǰԲˡȻ岢ûС
߰ɣҲ뿪ˣ
巭һɽ¼۶ȥܷں󷽽棬һǰһֻһ뿪
뿪ĹңϵֹԺһ岢ûǰֹԺڰ·һɽͣ
壬ˣ
פͣʱɽºӰͻȻïܵ˳һľϲƺȴ˺ܾõӡ


408 
ܷס֣
û˿һǹס£һæֹס˻ܷ
˵ҪֹԺΪǣ
ܷˣ¶ɵĹâ㳤ʱĸߣЩҲǻܷ֪ġ
˵ЩŸ봫ݵϢ
ǣ
Ц뿪ȻΪʵ㹻ǿˣΪյԮ
ܷһЩռ𣿡
˸ơ
ߣΪϡ
ܷ߰ͷ­ĺһͷߡȻܺ·ϼ˹Ĳ֪ʲôܷĸ߰Ҳ
Ȼǣ뿪ܷҲûԶʮĵطš
Ů˭
ʮܷıӰһ˿ֵɫոһɲһ
ȻƽᱻҺǳ⣬Ķ⣬ҲΪСԼ⡣
ʹýָţֵӵ£⻹ǵһΡ
ҵĻ
򵥽͵ܷǻƼҵŮͻԶ಻֪Ҳ֪
Ļش˵϶¶ůɫ
֪ˣҲֻһЦûȥ͡
£ǳʲô£ôææģ
ʵ
ķɸ봫úܼҲô뿪ˡ
壬һҪ취ҡ
˵£϶ʱ¶˽Ƶɫ
ڣҲֻ뵽ˡ
ǰӣһҪ¡Ȼؾٲˡ
ҲԱ߸͵ֽһ㶼١
ô£
ʵ
빬
Լ
Ҫ빬
סˡӦǺ°ǿżӣӦ
ٳɵģ
ǣ簲ŵġ
ӵԴǼԳǼɵɫڻ֮У˼ɵĻ֮һżǿҲֶΣͬʱ׵°ѱ
ô£°ѵӪҲǵһˣΪʲôͻȻ뵽عҪ㹻ɰɣ
ɽϴһ£֪ڼһʲôԼ֪¡
ӵ»ָ书鱻֪ˡ
һԱߵȴһԲ˽
ôܣӦû֪ɣ
һ
ѵӪһ͵Ǵ˺ü£֪ȻԼһطңУѾ֤ڹû˹עġ
ֻҪԼй¶Ҳй¶ʵҲй¶ǵĵ͵Ӧñ֪ǡ
ѵӪײ޻ˣ
Щεű㽫ԭίŵĽһ顣
еǡǸǻǻ㲻·֮оѾ쳣͵ˡ
ԴӻѪ֮󣬿书͸ǵ͵ϣʱͽѵӪȺɽ档
ֹԺҲ޻˹ܹû鶼ҪȥֹԺɸ˴ţ߱ҪȥĻҲȥܹ޻˹
Щ඼˽ȥΨһû뵽ǡϴʱѵӪɢģй޻˹
˵ͷײϣ൱סˡ
޻˹ΪǱߵö࣬Ա߻һ书΢ɲ֡һ֪ˡ
൱ʱǰ׵ģΰζ
һֱܹ֮ȵĻţ͵ĹԼ̫ƽӣΪ书ӹв
Բпᡢ̵Ļ֮ŻԶû̫Ĺеϡ
ͻȻ֮书ˣôһжȻͬܵĹעİĹʤ
֮ûԵģִ֮ǲпޱȡǽֻˣ⵽ô򵥡
వǿʵáƫƫڻȵС
һֻ⵽ҵĹǶ෽ͬʱ
ܹڶСʱôͲҪһǻ֮ĬϵĹ
׵һ㣬ͻΪʲôôżˡ
书£޻˹ײƣΪʲôǱӸ淢
ʵ
ҾͲϲ͢ԭ򡣡
̾Ϣ
Ϊ֮䲻ֹоżҲЩ飬ǲóġӾõķʽңǰɱµЩݿͣҲɵġ
һԵһڻʹеĶȹȨĶǣթѿҲеš
Ⲣؽؼǣƾٵ££˵ʴӱѾﵽԪ˽ףҪ´ӽ
̾Ϣ
֪ȻԻ֮ٹʣȫǲƵİ취ģ֮УƭǱʵѵ»ӡ
ڵѾҽ빬֣۾֮ҲֵܵͳޡҲԼͬ۾֮ҲһŹҡʲôǴ
üͷýģźͽԱ
֮Уûûбûĸϵıӻû㹻ԱʵǴͷˡ
ûжԿӵʵȴͬʱӵĵͳӣĴͿ֪
ʵڻܹס򶨣뵽ԲߣѾ൱ˡ
ˣ
üǰѾЩԤˡڻ֮һǱܶԶ֮ġ
Ͳó
壬ֻǼʵģһڰؽ֮·ųġһ棬Ҳֻܰˡ
һԵѰԭ
Ϸԡ˵ĻǾԲɸĵġϦġ׳ϣٳڵʥϡ
ڹȥʮ꣬ʥ˵ĻϾǾһ˵ڹô꣬Ҳֻ˵ȼܵº˽ڮ٣ΣôĲܻųġ
عͷ˶ܿʥʶİ֮⡣һѾӹɡ
幫ӣѲ⣬㵱ôƶۣϧðŴŭ£ŭҲҪôһǴĦ˱µ˼幫ӣһҪ߾Ⱦȵ¡
Ҳһ˵ţһᶼˡ
Ȼ֪һﲻʲôöỹһôģҲòϣ쵰һ̾ĳҪࡣ
鷳ˡ
尵üͷ˴ΡԼ֪Լ£ȫ߹ˡ
ڶʹ¼ö˱µ˼֪Լ£ǽ֮⡣
һԲġ
ңӼϱѵӪͻȻٽûзʣΪԼĽ룬Σա
ֲԤϵͻ¼ûǰɼ仰˵ļиӲó


409 Բߣ
ɽΧģһԲڴĿ塣ԶĻܷҲƺоʲôĿңңϡ
ʲôʱҪ
ϾҪȥҲֻһʱʱѡ

ʱܽҪҲôŴߴˡ
Ҳָˣ
Ļʱһ飬ӵϢʱ򣬱ܵĵһӦǿԼĴ
ⷽۻ˴ľ飬Ȼѱ֤ܴĦסʥģʮĽ飬ܸȷĽ顣
ӥϢ͢ͻȻ£ס˴󲮡ٻʱܳ
仰˵Ǳȫָˡ
ڣľǹ¾սˡ
ֻǿԼˡ
尵˼üͷԽԽ
кܴķգˣӹһ٣ͻԼ𼫴Σ֮ǰ໻Ѫ飬ԺԼĳΪȦеһԱˡ
Сһ㣬δҵһܹ߽λδĴΪȦӵһԱ
ᣬֻһΣɹˣԺԼͻõԵΣΪδĴسԼүүһ
ͬģһʧܣҲḶ޴Ĵ֮ۡǰеŬ˰໻ѪĹȫһʹͬʱʹԼɣӶԶԼ
ǣΪԼĹϵƵѾ˺ܴƫ
Ҳûûܵ⣬ڶʹƶҲδȫԼȳΪ˰ݰֵܡ
һУԼȫͬˡЩܹôĸı䣬ô˭ܹ֤δӾͲıû
ЩҪǵ顣
뻢Ѩɵûӣʱиıˡ
忴ǰһڴͽƵ࣬ԺͻȻһͷڵ࣬ԶδǸ۲ŴԣҰĵӡ
ǰľҶӰ죬ʹԸŴ̫ء
Żʱòע⣬һʱ뵽Լ
δǸ۲ŴԵӣǾԲġ
߷һ֮ҪıԸȥԸЩѶϵأʹԸǿᶨоϣǰһõĻᡣ
£𣿡
ͻȻڵ
Ȼ
漴˼֮Ҳܵ
Ǻã£˹У¿ͼ֡һ˿һҲһ˿һη
ͻȻڵĿѩޱȵļᶨ
ĹࡢͶ˴ΪԾҲΪ⡣
ǣһǳΪʸ֮УֵܣһΪжݣңҲΪҹ
Ծ
Ǹǻǻ㲻ڵ¿书Ѿȥˣһ㲻ܵôҲı䲻ˡȻˣʲôأ
򶨵
ǸǱأֻοңֻΪĻʱȻŭ˵ܿǰ֮
Щֲ̿
˻¤ǰʥϲȻ󣬵ٳ費ڴӡǡ¤ᳯд󳼣λ¶ǣ˻ϣ˻ӼƲԼĸϵʥǰһԼûйϸ
ʥŭΪһ㣬ֱӽ乬ϳ˻ӵݡ˻¤־ְֻֿ֣ڣ乬档
ʮǰ顣
ڹ֮͢У˲֪˲еĻӶ֪ȻԲ֮ԲӺʹ֮ĹᣬԲκ˵ƭ
ûκκ۾֮أΪһ۾ӡҲζĵĳ׽
£ˡѾ϶Ͳ빬Ѿ㷢ȥˡ֤²ȫӣ㻹Ǵһ˿ϣң㻹ˣ֮вģ֮ΣأܾģңҲκˣǱ°ֻб²Ŀɽ

ʲĿɽ
һϯ˵ࡢ˶סˡȻⷭҲǵһ˶˵
£㻹ֻлñµſܻƽģǶѵӪУǾĵ͵ȫĩβãǰ취ֻб²ı֤ƽ
̾һ
ʵε빬õúãΣڱǰ֣ӵļûᡣ
Ȼھ¼岢û̫ľ顣ϾǶʷġ
ڻ֮ıʣ޷󼰵ʶ
֮˵ףһȺΧһ˵ᡣˣǸ߾͢ʥӡ
лӵϲŭԹǸ˵
ѵĿһ㣬ʧһʱĵûʧ棬Ǿǵòʧʧˡ
˵ˡȻ֮ⷭǰû뵽ġ
ǣˣ¾ͻΪǰĻɸ̫
಻
ˡͼԣɽ½ֺ߾룬ٵʳ֧һǿʢĴƵ۹ǱͼΣһִġ³еǸ˵ºǿһֱηηǲԯޣԵľ㣬ܹۡչʾԼʵұֳԼȡԸΪ²㣬࿴

˼·ԽԽ֮еľڱ߽ôĺ˴󽫣ǵµ֡
ֻҪ֪ľģͣϲȥͿˡȻѲ⣬Ǿȴܿġ
ǧ򻯣䲻ڡͺֻۣҪ׼˷򣬾Զ·һ
һγԽΣյĻʴ֮ף̤˵һԶԻͷ
£µǻ֮·֪µÿһѪ֮߳ġûǿᶨ־߲һġһֱηηãΪԱµ۹⣬Ļ𣿡
һֱķӦ֪ƾ⼸仰˵һѻ
Ȼһһɫȫͬʥ΢ĩ֮ʱǶʷ֮м˲֪˲
ǻ֮ǰǶι͢䣬νΪ档
С꣬ЩȻϤУʾһĴڡ
һϯзá
£Ѿû·ˡֻǰıԼһߵΨһĻᡣ

һ¾ĳΪʸ֮ˣڹУû޷Կӡ̫ҫۣʱӳȥ˼ͻ
Աһ


410 ˹شӣ
̲ס࿴һۣһȻսթⷽ˵Ҳûе
飬ҿ취ϵ̫İӦʱҶ㡣һбõһ˵

̫֣Ҿɫ̫һˡ
ڶʹ¼Һ̫С֪Һ̫ˣҲû뵽Ȼ̫ܶĹϵ
幫ӣ̫ܲ桭
һ⶯
ҡҡͷҵĻʶ̫Ҳֻʶ̫ݻûĵز
رڣ
ʱȣû̫ʱȥ˼ֺһȻһ뿪ˡ
ϣܹɹɣ
ͶȥıӰһ˿ǵɫĶѾˣʱ̫̣Ҳֵֻز
ܲܳɹһжδ֪֮
Ǹˡǻһӣ
һͻȻӶߴܷ֪ʲôʱ˹
ô֪
Ƥܷ侳ǸӦû˵ʲô
ߣΪ͵𣿡
ܷһ֪ʲôǲõĺһƲͷȥ
·ӣȻûиңΪҿǹ͢ĻӻŮǲе·
ͻȻе㽩紵һ˵ΡŮ˻ԶԼĴ
ȿȡ
ոոɿ˼ͱܷˡ
ýˡ˵ɣȥ
ܷɫ䣬
ǻܷһǰչֳͱ˵ļƣȻոرܵľٶЩ
ӣ֪пЦһҲûƽϡܷĻҲ
ʱҲ˰ɡ
̧ͷĿѲͻȻľٶҲ˻ܷע⣬һ̧ͷĴա
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һֻ޴ӥų򣬴ߵ߷˹
ٱһУסӥȻӥȡż㡣
Ȼ˰
˵ͷһϵɫżϵݣһɷ飬ֽмָ
߰ɣȥʦ
˵ţһ
ȥֹԺ
ܷȻʶƳһ۲ԶֹֹԺֹԺҲǼľɡ
ȥˡΪҪҪ
ȻЦԺȴ˼ǰǴѵӪУʱʳˣᵽһص˹ǣӽ١
ôˣҲи˽ˡ
ݣ
һޣѸٵתͷžʦȥ

𣿡
Ӹ£ڳſڸųӭӵӥͼҵĻ
ˡ
ӥͷ̬
еìͷָʦ֮е˹ʹţ͵͵ݸһȷϹҲָϳм˹صĻǵɽկе˹ظ֡
ǵϢɽͷĿ
⣬ǲ鵽Ϣ˹Ⲩʹŵ˹صĴӡھʦ֮Ѿˡ

˹شӣ
ü¶˼ɫƬ֮󣬲֪ʲôͻȻЦ
֪˹ش˭ˣ
˹ص۹ļ棬һλǶԴƵĻսɡкʹйصľ棬λ˹شӵӰ
ݵǣ˹ص۹һβȴλУһҪԼĵ۹ԼӦ̳λĴӣ
ңԼûв´ĻλУԼĴӦѾھʦֳһ顣
Ǹ
Լ
ǣ
ӥ˼
ߣ
һߡ
ӳſڳڴƾʦıλڴºͻʳǵļн֮䣬ҵһȺ˹صʹš
һһ޴䳡ר塢ӵܣԼеῡд轻ĵطɵ֮ʱ轨һ
⴦ʱӵܣ䲻Ϊѵ˲ٵĵ۹֮š
ǴƳƽʮ꣬Ѳ統¡ʢƽӵܡ޼
ļУӦЩ״̬
ϵʱŷԼȫˡǰͷܶ飬ɽ˺дĽΧά
ִĲΧ
棬ǲ֪жӵܣ壬һȭƣз鼤ߡ
¡¡
Żܷ˸ϵΧʱ򣬸ֻһ¡¡ضɽҡ洫

һҵĳ洫ͺɽصײһһֻһĲҽУȻһбȻ

쵰ƽ
µȺ˵һ֪вԼˣͳͳȥ

Ⱥһ󲻸ʵĺ
Ŭ˹ޡϲǺ
һԲԵĽ洫㲻˹ˣҲö衢ҫڮٵζ
Ⱥʱӵķŭˡ
ɱɱȺӣ
쵰ѵǴƾʦô֣ûεЩ𣿡
Ѿǵʮģģ˭Ҫɱ쵰Ӹһǧƽ𣡡
ӳǧ
ҳǧֻҪɱ

ȺٴμΧ壬ӵܷ׷׽Ⱥٴη

ȺߵʱһȴıԵһߴź·εĸִһ¥̽ͷޱȣ
ϼˣҲ⡣λ˹ص۹ĴӣʹųԱˣ˹صĴӣֺǳе𣿡
˶ţ˹ص۹ֻܣˡĻһϳͲ
˵ɫ
ԭֺ壬Ⱥ鼤ߵһӾͰȥһ˫˫Ŀ˫¥еµĸ֣Ŀж¶ɵɫ
Щһ̫ˣֻܣ˿ˡţô򣿡
ܷȻŸյоô¶֪⻰Ҳ¶һ˿ŭ
ʲô˹ʹ֮飬ܷƽٽӴϵȴ֪֮ġ
˽֣һ˼ɣֶοʩչһȴţֻܣˣⳡսûˡ
ʮɵʵɶӲΪһ־Ϳܻ˵Է
սʵ̸Ϲƽԣ
ٺ٣£ʲôֵ𣿡



411 ģ
ڵ۹µͳˡ
¼縺ǽӴйǷ飬ֻҪӸͿˡ塢ӵܣƽնûʲô
Ժ¶йǶƫ̻
ֵطк³֣һ㶼֡
ˣ
ںͻܷ˵ʱȺһ궯ȺͻȻ粨˷ֿĻһһѪ߰ߵʬ壬˳
ǵ󣬵ͿһƬɺ죬һԵĳѪۡ
һѪȵζ˱Ƕ˴˫ۣſͣԼؿǰ󶴴Ĵ󶴣ܷ¶һ˿⧶õɫæƳͷȥ
ǽ
һ࣬Ҳɫ΢
ʦǵ£ϱʵҲšһ£һ¡
Ľ˵˹˵ʵںµ
쵰µЩ˵ðȥι
ǴάЩӣòǵǮɣ
ߣƵļϸ¶ں˰ɣ
Ⱥ˵֪ٻ۸ʦˡôϲͰ͵ȥɣ

Ѫܵʬ壬Ⱥٴμ
ûСûУûпЩƵ˵Լˡ
ȦһɽͰ顢˶Ӱ˹ص۹󽫶ç֧ЦЦ
εսжȫǴһһеĽ̶ֳСܰıç֧ȫϵġ
˵޳ɣҲ̸Ϸԡڣç֧ǷһЩȤ
ɱˣҲǴƵˣǽƵ˶ġ
ٺ٣ôɴˣҵ鲻ɡ˵ˣεжоաһ㾪ûСڵĴƣѾǰĴˡѾپ߱Ƕʸˣ
һȻ
ⷭһһȴȫ˹˵ġ
ӻǲҪ̫ˡоձ󣬰֮ȷʵǱȲǰˣҲС
ç֧
ڴǱСĽ̬ȣһòϵǣǰνƣڵĴҲǰǸǿǿηս۹ˡ
Ѿɥʧǹɷâ¶ȡ
󽫾ģ֪ôȽ֮Ǿ뿪ƣص۹µʱ䣬ҲԻȥˣ
ӹЦ
ç֧˵ͷԱ΢΢ʾ⣬һ˹صһղΧܶ
˶ţ˵ˣĸǲһ˵˹Ʋǣûˣһûпɿһս֮ٸһλᣬҪûӦսӾˣ
˹һȴ˹˵ģġ
Ȼɬǻǹֹ֡ǻݣ˶ˡ
壡
˹޼ɵٴαݼķֻдѹ˵ķݣб˹۸ſڣھʦֵط¡
һЩǱס
սҿս
ĸ𣿿ȥ

Ƿ׷ܡһЩʵ׵ӵܶʱͰ಻סǸոҪ߳ȥͱסˡ
ˣ˹صĴӣµС£ҪǸӣ˹غʹսֺ㵣𣿼ﵣ𣿻ʶΪһ֮ҪǼ֮𣿡
ɫӣøոշڵļһӾȴˡȺУЩЩʵӵܶʱȴˡ
վȺΧţпţͫжʱӹǡ
һ˹شӻҡ˴ƵĹһɱĽ֣Ҳõ۹˽ǣ̹׵˵ǺµЩ൱ڡĵСߣҲӰһս֣һսʤܽ֡
ЩǾʦصС¡
嵣ĵһֶ
ģ
ˣһһѪܿܿõܵĴǸġ
ߣһ֮۹ıһһϦ֮ͷģκζڷ֮ǰϸ΢֡
ģһ׵Ķߡ
µ˷Щʱ򣬲֪Ե۹ĵĴǰЩΧ۵ˣΪֹ˼ɶˣҲ֪Ե۹ĵĴ
ֻе鷢֮󣬹˺ܶ꣬ٻعͷ˲ŻᶸȻ֣ǵܵ˶Ĵˡ
ûһˣھʦص޼ɵɱɱôˣ󻹳ɹȥ
ޣӽ£ȻûһԻˣ
սǰھʦûзȴǵһΣһˣ췬˵һսлȫסѹԵʤ
һζԴƳ׵裡
ԺģģԵ۹ĵĴŻ
Ȼ˹شԼݵأҲкµأǵ鴫Щ˵ǲ֪Щ
ֻ֪ӽ£šӢĵطôˣȻκβһ˹ˡ
ɴ˶ܵĴܡ
ټ֮һЩսܣءŵĴˣ׵Ĵ˹ȵأ˲ţԱһɡ
Ļɢˣǵ۹ı
Ҳеʹġ
岻ȥӵ飬ȴܹ˹˵飬Ҳԭ
˹ʹŵ飬Ѿɣ롣ӥĻֻ֤Ĳ²ѡ
ӥҵǼս׼𣿡
ϣͻȻڵ
׼ˡ
ӥ˵ͷһ֣صչӵķԸѾþżҵǰ˹ˡ
΢΢ף¶ɫ
µʱ䣬ĳѨֵȾ޴ţڱ˳˻˾ʦ˵˾ʦżҵĵ̡
߰ǧصţż൱ӡŵʱ򣬾˳ϼȥ͡
˾ʦ֮Уټ˼ڳʦԽ¡
żҵļ˽
սԼʿɲС£˵巢ֵĻ߰ǧĶ߰ʮؼס
Ķŵκһ۹ǾأСĶ壬ĶǾʦż£ûʸȥӴ
żҶӾͿ֪
ڵһףżҵļԼලıֻһ׾Ϳˡ
Ǿżҵļ˵ãǿʦȻǿʦãļУһ̵սףԴżҶء
屾Ҫܾˡ룬ǽˡ̹˵⸱ûֵףԼҲǳڴġ


412 
ʲô
һͻȻԱߴܷ壬ĿǾ衣һֱߣӥ̸
ǺǣһЩ顣
ϣ絭Զżҵĵæ֡
Ķ֡ǸҲΪ㻹ߣһǸ˹شӵ
ľٶܷԵ÷ǳ衣Ǳİȫȥ
Ǹ˸ܶԸ˵ģ
̫Сˡ
ȻһЦһߴݲȣ˹ѵϵۣһʾ⼸żҵĵӴӣϰؼ׵ݸԼ
żȷʵ⸱˹һ࣬о³ƺֹһٽô򵥡
ײͣǼ̶̳ȣǿ󣬸һСͱݰĸо
ף˫һ棬ٹͷܿϡһ쳣ĸоϴˮУУĺ
ҼȻ׼ϳȻʤİգĻҲͲôˡңҲϳ׼ϳ𣿡
ŤͷŻܷЦЦ
ܷ촽һţ˵ʱԥˡڳôˣô࣬ȴû˳֣Ⲣûɵġ
Ҫ˹شӲѣؽǣǲСֱɱսֺڳκһ˶е˵ġ
ܷΪ˱֤ǻƼҵİȫɱһӣƼһ
Ǻǣ͵ˣ
嵭ȻһЦܿӾżҵĵнӹһͷͷϡ
䣡
ڴʱȺͻȻһɽĺԭžͻȻ֮ٴη
ȥ
ɫһҲ룬ȥʾϵƣһ˳ļ˽ȥ
ĿΧɨһȦһͻȻڿնͻȻ˸һ¥档
Ӹ£԰еֱûдڻ˰಻סŭ
ɣӣҾ֪޵
޴ϣһŭڵ쳹ագĿֻһӵģȫңһֻǹһһỤ̃Ŷ˹شȥ
ƴݿ࣬ң
һ̣ȺȻ˷ŭһĻˡĿ£һӰ۶ȥ
˹صĴӲܣŴ󿪣ֱĳӵģǹײȥȫһļơ
쵰
ӵģһĿѵѵ˹شӣȴҪɱ
ʯ룬һǣæһԳȥ
ϣ
ս˻Ƚֱų˳ȥͣѪһӵģ껹ûд繦ϾͰһѪ֡
ɣ޳ܣһУ
ֶΣʲô£
Щ˹صӻһأ
ǿ׼ǲôɵģ˵
û뵽˹صĴӾ⸱ԣ

һĻ˷ζը
ٺ٣սǿʳʤΪ֮书Ҳˡʲô㵽ΪֹǣԭֹأֱЦ
ҿûҡԼҪֵ˭
һ࣬˹شӵͷȺɽХŭЦȴǺ⡣
ͲǴˣһʲôϵҲһƤ
ɣȻҾͳȫ㣡
۹׼Զӵģ꣬˹شһЦ߶սȴ˹
֮ǰһ˹شӿŴ󿪣ֻȫ˿ܷء
һɲǣӵģʱɫѿޱȡ
ڻɱ𣿡
һǵƿհ˵Ӷߴʸ¥ΧͷҲص˵
˲ܶûôվ𣿲ǶԸǸͲܶǽ֮ңүү£ֺܹе˵ģ
ܷ
ãҲˡ
ǣΪ˽̫ˡ㲻֪ԽֲɱˣҾԽϲɱ
忴еƥ¶һ˿Цݣһ֮һ
ܴĲԣ
忴˹صĴԼƣֱһȫԼµӣЦ
ϼϣôĹءⷽ棬ʵͦ˹شӵġ
ֻҪЮֶζԱ˻ãԼһöûС
ಣ
˫һɣܿ¥ǽսѾϣӵѾƵ֧穣ˣû⣬ҲѾǿԤϵˡ
ҳˣ
һǰȥ
һȡ
ܷ¥ǽ£Ҫȥֹ壬ӥˡ
С㣬İɡ£еķʸûаյ¡Ȼ֣ȻԭϣС㱣ֶԹӵΡ
ӥһࡣ
һθ߾ݿ͵Χжӥ彨ԵΡңӥҲôäĿ
ǿֵؼף渽˴ļģֵ㾡ȫһ䲻˵˹˵ĵ
⣬ӥҲʲôı֮Ѵӵһ
ʲô飬ؼףֵĹҲȫü

ϣսգû̶̵غϣͻĵֵز
ĺ鲻ϵ˳Ŷü°͵̵ĺۣ߶ģˡ
ССһ˳ǹУȴǴδйĳءдŨҵѪζ֪ЩѪȫԼġ
쵰
ҧסкݺݵһͻȻЩڣǺԼԴ󣬶ǺԼ͹˶Է޳ܡ
սԷѾס˵ס˺ƣϵ壬¡ײ֮뾡һа취ýԲеİ취ԼͶ
Լȴȫ֣伫
һƽս
Ҳ֪Լ֧Ų˶ˡﲻģֹԼѪ
Ľô˿ţȴ޷׵ǿҵҲô
ˣȥɣ
оݼ尾ԼȥʱһͻȻȺдһӰȫңͻȻȺв˳ȥ
°ڣؼףȫװǸǹȸִɫǹȥ
ˣ
ӴһɲǼ䣬ͻȻ˼֮֡˼ǲԼͬģ˿
ⳡսѾȡʤϣ˭Ҳ뿴֮ǰıٴݡ


413 ս
٣
һ࣬˹شȴЦһⳡսѾβˣܵʤϲãôΪһ˵Ļͱš
ϣ
ս˻˹شһΪһֱ̳ĳײ˹ȥ
ߣ
ЦһƺԤϵһĻһ䣡һ̣з·һ׻һִ¡һ˹شӵսصĲ˵ذ档
ϣ˻ϵ˹شҲɫѿ˼㡣
ʣ
˹شӻûзѣıԵ𶥵¥棬Ȼŭȡ
һû˵˹ӣȴ¥ĺ¹Աŭˡ
Ļʶ˵Ļ𣿲˺˹ӣ˺˹ӣǶʹųԱˣǻסļҵĻСӣµĻ㵱߷ǰɣ
¥ĺ¹ŭɶ
Ѿһپ棬˽أû뵽˲Ȱ棬ֱд
ˣϽҰȥ
˱Ե¹һʳָңңָ壬ȵ
ԵȺɧֱ
һ࣬˹صĴɫͬÿոһû顣ԼӦ죬Ѿˡ
֣
˹ش͵ŤͷݺݵĵԵ壬ֵһӱȥˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲȫĿ⡣
˵һսѾˡȻװҾ˵һˡ˹زҪʶԭῡܣҵԴôѾԸˡ˹£òֻ㱾£ֻ۸߰ɣ
ǰݲȡǰһ仰˵ģһ䣬ǲ۲۵˹ˡ
ˣ
˵һ˹ϣԭһŭݵ˹شӣ󷽵˹ش󽫶ç֧Լ˹սʿ׷Ȼɫ
˹ΪģмһˣԸʲôȥѧ˹˺µȼˣ⻹˵һὲ˹ˡ
ָоǺܺá
ң⻹ζ˲˹ﵱЩƵ˽ˡ
ʲôˣΪʲôȻὲ˹˵ԣ
˹شۣڶͻȻֵȫ׵ĴʿԶκһ˶ҪȤ
ȻɱǸѾûл֮ĴӵܻҪȤ
ңȻҪϳҲԡӦ֪ǱԵĹذɡֻжʮµģʸμⳡսƺų˽ܵ飬ӢܻͣûսҪװɣ
˹شɫȻĿ˸ȴǽƻɫ
Ÿʲôץס
һӶдŲ¡¡ǿϢԼٽӽǺһЦͷûأһһöӲӵַ˳䣬ǰ
һֵçһ飬Ȼͣ
㲻Ҫ֪ҵԸҸ㣡
忴Ŷ˹شӣĿ˹شӵ˼֪
ץסͷıԵһףͷڵĳ£ʵʵĿ¶һɫ𪡢ٿס

ĳѰӣΧͻȻһ
Ե¥һһֱ̩ɽȻһλȨصĺµĹԱȴ͵˺˵һıɫ
Ȼ
һ̣ϳͻȻϽֵ˭ˡ˵һӭĻôʣһǰꡣ
ǽڶʹ¼Χ˸߾ݿ¼ÿһ飬׾ٵĽµŬΪС
ǵõҪΪֲھʦɵĲ²òѴľǮȥʹڣԼʦĺ˺ʹһֻż۹߲ᷢı䡣
ʣ£һ¶⣬ܻӭģλСĹӡ
쵰Ǹ𣿾ԲҵĹӿôȻˣ
λȨصĺ¹ԱͷͻȻֲõԤУ»һʰ
λҹӳֵĵطҪһ㡣
ΣԲ˵˹صĴӣ
üĵ
ˣѾˡ
һµĸֵĿ⿴治߽ˣǵǣ
˹ˣǸСӶͬǵġңǸơ
һ仰סΡȻӰѨƵƤһһȻ
ƣ
һΰĸǽһеͷ˻ȥ

õģƣҪԸ㣬òɳʲôһ㹻ˡ
ȴ֪Ե¥ϣһµĹѾԼһ˵ţһߴͷֻ¶ֻ۾棬Ȼǰȥ
ȻҾͳȫ㣡
˹شĿ͸һ˿ݵɫ˵ߣֱһȥ
Ŀɨһۣӵ̧ܱҲȻһЦһȥ
û˿Ϣ͸˹شȫǳҲһʱ󲻶ʲôʵ
һһž޴ңңԡնȻ֮
ӥܷ¥еĺ¹ç֧ΧӵĿȫеϡ
ΧҶš
ಣ
˫һᣬɫǹǰȸֵǹͷңңĶ׼Զ˹شӡ
ߣ
Цһȫ𶯣˵ϢͻȻɱޱȡ
ɲΪ˱֮·ϵĳ
ھʦ֮ôƣЩ˹Ҳδ̫ĿˡкµҲһǡ
¡
𶯣һ̣֫壬ԾͬһŶ˹شӳȥ
ɣ
˹شЦͬһʱ̣˻ХͬŰϢ
ƥսڶ̶ʱھͼٵ˼¡
ʮɣʮɣ
¡
һĺ𶯴أû˿ԥڶ̶ʱڣ˲ųڵġ⻷
һ޴Ĺ⻷չڵĽ£Ȼɢ޴Ĺ⻷ǧض΢΢³
ˣڵһ⻷֮󣬹âһһ⻷

µĹ⻷ͻȻһЦ
Сӣԭ㱾£һΪжˣ

ҵУâһ˹شһƬڰƬڰ֮һ޴ĺɫţֻһ뵽˹شӿµڡ
˹شٶ˲伤
ͬһʱ䣬һ⻷˹شӿչ
¡
պƥսٶȶﵽ˼£绮յǰ㣬һǰĳŶԷײȥ
Ҳû˿ıҲû˿ԥ
Ϊٶȹ죬ϸһ޴Ŀ磬ĺХ쳹أ


414 ɱ˹شӣ
ã
ȺУһĻܷʱɫһ͵ıˡ˹شӵʵΣ嶼Ƕ֡
ͬһʱ䣬ӥҲ¶˵ǵɫ
Ȼ˵ĵеĽһ㶼ڻܷ
ΧȺǷ󾪺
ٺٺ٣Сˣ
һȺ˹ʹŵһЦĿһһ
û˿壬ϣӱܵ˶óӾԲǸ˹شӵĶ֡
ߣҵġɹֲң
Ե¥ϣ죬һµӰ˫ֳƾҲЦ
²ȥԸ壬ԼǾ͹ֲˡʥˣҲﲻͷϡ
ʱΨһ屣ĵģ¾ֻԼˡ
ʮɣ
ʮɣ
ɣ

ʱһ̷·ŻĿտտھ˹شӻɵʱкһ漴ͻ
ಣ
һһ۵糸ͻȻ֮ƿնһȴǳ˹شȥģǳ˹شӿµȥġ
ˣ
ֻһգۼ䣬Сġ¡ûſĴڣ˲û븹ڡ
ô̵ľ룬˹شӶӦ
ͣ
˿Ҫײǰһɲǣٶȴﵽ۷壬ܸı䷽ͻȻһգԺ֮һΣͻȻ֮˹شǰ⣬
һУֹĹڿˣ˹شӶסˡΧٶԽ죬ڶʱҪı䷽Խǲס
Ϊ޴ĹԣôġóȻ֮ı䷽Ľֻʹս֧ŲסĹԣǶϽۣˤȥ
Ҫһ㣬ͨսġ
¡¡
ϸ룬ս¡¡˹شӿµ˻һһʯڸٶȵ´˹شˤ˳ȥ
ಣ
ͬһʱ䣬ڳȥʮ֮ͻȻһSλʱȥٶȲûм٣˲٣ǹһɫǹңңָŸոմʬվ˹شӣȥ
ãλػôô߼Ｖ
ԶʩչһУ˹ش󽫶ç֧ͫһ˲ϳʩչžɫˡ
λػ
¼֮һխķΧڣЩֿڲ٣ֹͣٶȶʱ伤ͬʱһٰʮȵĴػ
ۣӵսϣÿ֪
Ǵƣ˹أͨ˿ƿصġҪﵽ佫ļ𣬲пԽսƵ־ϸ΢ĵز
Σⶼһͨ꣬Ǿǹܹյġʩչʵ̫ˡ
һǿҵΣոд𣬶ç֧һವһҲĴȺе
ç֧ķӦѾܿˣķӦ졣
¡¡
޴ϣһڵٶȣ⻷ʵһ̣ӵǵǿߵʵ
ɣ
ȻһеɫǹĹâһ壬ݣսһ㡣
ͬʱϣսɱ˹شЦһͻȻһ˭Ҳû뵽¡
ȫһûкܣܣȫ˹ȥ¶ȫˡ
쵰
ɣ
޳ܣ
һУ

һĻȺ鼤ߣȺ׷ŭǰһĻϤ˹شӷǹʼʩԼܣ֮ǰԸЩӵܵķٴԸ塣
ߣ˭Ҳֲã
忴һĻͬЦȫǿһĿ˹شӡ˹شԸҴˡ
˻Ͷɱ塪ԲٴУ
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬һں˹شڰصײһ
ͬŻײƥϯܣɨҶһɨ
¡
ײɲǣͻȻϵﬣΧ˻ûзӦһͷ½ϣеȸֽ˹ش벻ɲǣݺݵĲͷѨ㡣
ʱʹ˶
ѪˮͬȪһ˹شͷХ£û۾üӡ촽
˹شӴ۾촽䶯ȴһ仰˵
¡䣡
·ľ׮ƽɽĵ£һֱ˹شӵ۾ôģƺĸɱ

˹ص۹ʹƵսϰվУսʿʬɳѵͲ
ѵֺ֪
Ȼĸɱ
䣡
ݵļž֮ͻȻһɽХĻһ̣ϲʶģҲĸҵӵܣľ˫ۣ˷ܵĻ
ˣ
ȻɱǸŵ˹شӣ
꣡
һľͷ˲İ£¥ϣµһԱݺݵһϡ
쵰ҡҪ췴𣿣
µĹԱɫķϣϵƣΪȵ𾪺ͷŭ嶼Ĳ
˹شӣ
˹شӣҵǸ󣬾ȻɱˣĻ£
֪֪ʲô
һɲǣֻоŶվȣ춼Ҫˡ
¥УֻҪǶ˽һĺµˣһȫɫɷס
ѾԤеһ޴Ļˡ
ͬĲ԰ҲһȺ˵ϡ
˹شӡȻİɱˣ
ܷԵС԰סʤǿⱾһֵø˵顣
ڣܷȴһ飬ݼл̡̻
˹صĴˣǱնɱѾԤеһҵķ籩
Ҿⳡ籩ġ
ƼҲŸոͶҡұϯȥƼҿҲһӲѡ
̫嶯ˣ
Сӣˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һŭĴȴ˵Ļ޴ϣһɹĽɫƺƵѩһ㣬ϯȥ
̺ŻϢȣ˹شӸոյսֱͬСӹҼһ
һЮŭֻ¸Ҫ촷ۣ˵Ѫ֮
ã
ӥһҲľֱ۷źš䣬һִϳһİɫˣ֮˹ȥ
ȻַĴִڽɫϣȴиһĺֱӱɳڰоһζΡ
һĻͻ˭Ҳû뵽˹滹ĸ֡ӥӦ
ӡ
ӥһҲĳ˳ȥʱѾˡۿɥɫ֮£ͻȻ֮䣬˶߶һ͵͵
ç֧ôͳס𣿡
󣬵ôһ䣬ǹصĽɫͺʲôһ㣬ͻȻ֮Ȼֹôͺʱͣһ㣡


415 â¶
ϣʮɵľ룬ç֧һƤ۷裬ŲԶĴ꣬еһ¶ɫ
ųʹǳأûж֪˹ڲ֪ҲԲࡣ
ç֧ôҲû뵽µܣȻһ·Ĵһڵơ
һ̣ç֧ĳһֿ͸ǰĸо
Ȼе𶯵ĻԶֹç֧һˡ
ç֧
Զ¥ϣһӰĿסƾ۾Ӹ£ŵĿŹ㳡ϵǵӰ
ڵ۹˹صսϣ˲֪ç֧֡ڵ۹ĺϣ˹صĴ󽫾԰
ڵ۹ľʦҪ˾ųš
ûˣ˹ص۹ʵܶࡣ
ֻǣȻçɲ֧֣޼µ涼û֪˭
ȻǸӴʹţʹš˹ص۹ʹ߸һְŵġ
ǾǶ֪ç֧˹ص۹ľ뢾Ȼ͵͵Ǳ˴ơ
ҾǵƤ£
ˣҲ֪˵ʲô
ç֧仰ȴ˹˵ġɫƽֻǺ̵ܶʱͻָǰոյһֻԼĴ
ç֧Ĳ֪˵ʲô𣿡
ç֧˹˵ȴûϵӵܡ棬ֱ˵
ûмǴĻ˵еĶç֧ǺԶ˵ɡҡç֧Ļͻٶ뿪ƣ뿪ƬǷ֮أڴƵľʦƬ̡
ЦûкˣǣսŶç֧˹صĴ󽫻ǰ
˹ش˹ش󽫶ç֧УһҲֻǲ²¶ѡϾ˵Զﴫģܵ档
Ƕç֧ķӦѾ˵⡣˵ʼ廹ֻǲȷĻôڣѾ϶վԼǰϢĲθߴ󣬵ȴ˹׳µ˹ش󽫶ç֧
˹س佫࣬Ƕç֧оصµ˹ش׺ּǻۣǵĽ¡
͵۹˹صսУƱһֱǴƵġǶç֧ĳֲ֣һհס
۹佫߽׾٣ԼսϱĴЩ佫͸߽׾棬־󲿷ֶǳԾʦҴ壬ŵڡ
˵ֻҪӵξģûжԶç֧֮ǵġ
˹ԼǿһֻҪڣӵߵļ廹ԴԴϵĳִˡ
Կ϶ʦдӵܣеĻʵ۱ڣǳȥȡç֧
󽫼ͬСɣ
֪˵Լеĸְڣ¶κβִ󽫼
ԼɱˣɱͲû취ˡ
۹ɱˣȥˣ
ֻҪԼ¶ݣܶԲԣ飬ȥɡ
Ұ
Ц
£ҪսĵطԸçַ֧۹Ĵ󽫼ǲܡƫƫ̫д󣬾ȻΪأûϳһ͵͵ǱƵ۶
ˣʲô֣
ç֧˹Ŀ˸ĪΣյĹâ
Ѿǰ⣬˵ʲôʲôûáѾע⣬Ҫ֮ͥ£ַʽԸԼ
ʱ򣬶ç֧һˡڣçֻ֧оһâ¶ķâһֻһ
壡Ӧòδһ֪ġ
ϣȻЦ
ߣͲɱ𣿡
ç֧۾Ȼõ˹˵
һ˹һԣ˵ĻȻͬȴ⡣
£Ȼ£
Ц
Ųţɱң㻹л뿪ƣɱң
ç֧۾û˵һ˫·Ҫ
£һһȫˣһһʮꡣ
ɱȶǶç֧ȴʼûж֡
ûаգҲȫ²͸ı
ܶԷʲôһ˵ˡڿʼ޵ĵ۶Ѿöȫˡ
һ֣Ͷһֵİȫ
ˣҲɱ㣬Ϊļܿ컹и鷳ˣ
ç֧ͻȻĿ
Ӳɱɱģ

ç֧ⷭҪЦôҲ˹ص۹Ĵ󽫣ԭϵӥȻҲǰֶΡ
Լ֪֪׵Ļ
󽫾˵úãҲм仰Ҫʹ󽫾˵һ˵
˵ţȫ˹ĿУͻȻȥλµ˹ص۹Ĵ󽫾߸˵һ仰
ôһ仰ç֧͵̧ͷ壬һɫԭ޵ɱ⣬˲Ϣʧĸɸɾ

ͻȻͷЦһһֱһ˵˹ʹŶȥ
ʮ˹ǰͣЦЦ
ັ
˹˵ĵһ仰һȺ˹䣺
СĵܵܣλĲ٣ϧ㲻һȥ
˵仰Цٶȥ˹ش󽫶ç֧ϵһȺ˹ȻһĶûУôŵľȥ
ߣ
ç֧Ƥ˵һնɱ˹ʬƿȺȥ
ѾȫȻΧʲôûǶç֧Ѿо˼Σա
ȫʧܣƵ۶ڲΣç֧ܻܲŻص˹ظԭ֪
Ǹ˵ģÿһ룬ͻһֵΣա

ʮ˹Ȼһ仰û˵ڶç֧󣬻ȥ
ϲı¼˹صս10㽱
ϲı˹֮5㽱

һһԺ𡣶ͬʱԭĵϣٴαһĻ
壡
壡
壡

һһɽХ㡣ûж֪ոոʲô˶֪Щһ˹ʹűѹĻˣһУǾŹӣҵǸġ
˫հ
ɽ¶һ˿ЦݡϵջҲɽɽһˡ
Ǹ˹شӾͽ10˵һ仰ͼֵ5㣬һ˾15ⶼϵǴθ߾ݿΧˡ
ԽԽֻ֣ҪܹɹıЩԵ۹Ӱܴش¼ջҪԼһͷɣǿ̫̫ࡣ
֮ǰ79ھ94ˡǿϧ˹̫Զ߻ʵԶҲֻܹ˵ôһ仰ĻԶֹ5ô򵥡
еЩϧ
ôһ仰Ȼֵ5㣬ҲѾ൱ˡ


416 ϵ࣡
߽Ⱥǻô˵ôһĵ顣
ӣ
ȺӥϲɫһȺѸٵӭȥֻڻܷվһԣ¶ǵɫ
壡
Ⱥֵʱһͬ˪һ㣬ͻȻȺд
Ⱥ֮У۹һ͹ɫ࣬ŭݣڵ˹һʦӡ
岻ͻȻµˡ̵Ѿ൱
壬ôĵӡ֪֪ѾҴȻﻹЦó
ͬһ󺮷ϯΧʮһӰеĿȫ߲Ƶĺ¹Ա塣
ܶж¶ηɫ
ھ֮У¾һĴڡûκεʵȨȴκλȨ
Ϊ¿ƹֱ͢ϴңֻҪҪȫն࣬¡
һ㣬Ǻ½֮Ѿ˵Ȩ
ӵо޴ȨȥɶԻʼ˵ΪҪ飬˵̩ɽÿԼ̫䡣
ЩÿһԻʼӵо޴壬Ҳͬʱ˺³ȻȨ
塢ӵܣѫŷȻƽǸ߸ϣںǰֻصƶѡ
ǺǺǣˣΪ˿֪֮νĴӺζ
ȻһЦµĹûкˣرܣһ˦ӭλλĺ¹ȥ
˵ⷭԼ֪𣿡
¹Ŀ۹ɱˣǧٻˣ
˹شʲô᲻֪˹ص۹ļ̳ˣĻʴǺǧټƵҪȻͱһɱˡ֪֪ǶĻ£۹˹ؼʮĺƽҪˣ
Լȥʥɡ
ˣСӸ£
µĹ˵ţͻȻһָͶ׼塣
˭ң
ӥ͵Ĵһһ̤͵ĵǰ˫ſĿѣεĵ
ߣ¸Ȩ̫ڻʵ۵һжԱ¡ôĻ£òΪԾôһ֮ɣ
¹һӣĽʿԼµĸ룬ӥΧס
˹صĴӰճ򣬲μʹţݽ˹飬һжǹؾءȴھʳǲԶĵطһССǺµƤ¡
ǲС
¶𡣶˹شպĵֻС׼ס
˳ѸϵͲӵ
˭ҶԹ֣ӥˣ
ӥ˫ſ۾ˡΧҵĻ;żҲ׷װγ˵
ˣֻôˡ
ܷ̾Ϣһס˱ɫ󽣣ͬվǰȴûаγ
һսѾɱ⡣
Χ˹شӵպ۶ᲨǱؽһľңҴƼҲؽС
պôٽԼһΣҲ御ˡ
ʣ췴ˣζҪҰ£
¹ͻȻһָ壬Ҳŭˡ
ﬣ
һ˲䣬ʣ䣬ţսš
ǣѵˡ
˫͵ʱͻȻЦһӥ˫֡
ӣ
ӥŤͷһӼˡ¿ɲǿЦģǴߣҲѲƤҪᣬҪƣԼļơ
ģӥ黹ûеһ
ȻһЦ˰֣סӥ൱ɡȻĿУͻȻ˵İΧ˹ȥߵµĹһȺ¸ֵǰ
ʲô֣
߹ȥʵ
֣ۣΣ
֣ΪҪ֣պ󱨸ǺôҵΣв
Ǻǣ
ͻȻһЦһȺ¸ֵ㶵Ŀ⣬ͻȻ֣۵
¾ôһȺ֡ҲֲûᱻһҶĿﵽ
ʲô˼
֣͵ıܹƣ̧ͷݺݵĶ
¸һӦĽӴǣȻӶϲ𣿡
¡
ⷭһ˵Ǻµһˣӥͻܷǻһ𣬴סˡ
ʲô˼
Ӵµļӣڶֱ治޴Ϊ˹شӣЩ˹صͻô׶ٵ뿪һӣǶûз֣ǵķӦ̫ƽд£ȻһӶûϳɱôˣ

ˣ
һʯǧˣܷ֣ǻû˵Χ˵ĻʱһƬȻ
ӣôܣ
˼˶ƭˣȻһɱôˣ
ɰɣ
ôܣǼٵģôôɴ࣬һɱǴӣ
ô˵˶ƭˣ
ʣˣ

һ̣ȺˣһƬȻж˱ŭζǸϵġӡʵ̫ǿ
Ϊ˹شӵݣǴԲʹͶʹùɱôˡ
֪ݣͰж˿ˣ
һ˲˶ֱƭķŭ
ӥܷ
У
֣۳һĿ壬ͻȻ˵ˡģź潻
ڣץץѾҪ
˵ģǺ¿Ǿ޴ʧְ
ô֪
֣۳ȻûеͷԼˡնɱһ˹صĴӣС¡
Ķʵ̫ɴˣɴһԥûСȾ֪˹شӵĵϸ֪ϵǸǼٵģǾͿȫľٶ
ҵ۹Ĵç֧ߵ̫ɵˡȻ˵ҪұȫûдҲҪ
Ƶ۹⣬ô׵һ֮Ȼסûг
ⱾͲʲôѵ飬ֻǰ˹̫˶ѡ˹صĴӣδļ̳ˣô׵գȥͬ⣬󽫶ç֧ѵҲôԵ飬ǾȻû˿ɣ
һ򵥵è̫ӵϷͰ˦תҳ֣ǻ׼ɱˣ޲ɼ˹˵ѵܱȴ˸أ
˹شӵͲǵˡ飬Ǿҿˡʱ䣬ǻô½ǰװʮӵܣ꿡ܰɣ
˵䣬ƿ֣ߡ
֣۾Ȼվûһ¡˵Ѿȫ
֣ԺһƬհסζܽܣȻһȺ˹˦ˡ
ôܣ
֣ȴѾԶˡ


417 Ⱥᣡ
뿪ʱͬʱ͢ͷǻĵ
ǰһһ߸ߵżһżһεĸǽһ㣬ʵޱߣ˴ѹبǰ
ܾĵģͷ亹˵Ľơ
δʱѾȥһʱһֱڣ඼ûеȵټϢ
֪Լе˶ССһż֮䡣
ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ŵ򿪣һɤĴ洫

ˣһشУһ飬Ȼ֮ѹ˺ܾõټʱˡ
һ˶һ·Ȼ̧˽ƣ飬ż
飡
صУֻͬɽͰĺء
·ûоͷһƵ£һĸоͨһģһִ⣬ˡ
ͨš
֪˶ãƺֻһɲǣֺͣĸоƺԶ߲ͷʱǰȻɣһĹâͻȻǰ洫
ͬһʱ䴫ģһޱ޼ʣʥͬذ㲻ɴȵӴϢ
ϢǰϵѹͻȻǧٱֹ
μʣ
ż̧ͷսսĹڵϡѾʮˣڴϷǵӰͬʱľηηĸˡ
ҡͷϷǵӰһ
ǵӰ·оһСܴ󣬵ȴͬǿϢ
ǻʹӣȻԶֹһˡ
ﾲĵģšһıĿ⣬˷ͶڴŸڵϵϡ
ʼ֮飡
ʥܵĻһһһһ˭Ҳ޷ıɣ
ڹ֮͢Уо˿ůֻоĺ⡣
ɣ
֪˶ãһϡƵڴӴϷ
սսվɲ̧ͷĹأͷߵ˴βˡ
ȻΪӣ֮УȴûбʵҲģ԰űԶվĩλ
ӴûӵݣʥҲЩ
Ĳһ֮ʥʲûѯͺһ
ӵĿҲ׷ջأ·ͻȻָֻһлָ
һſһվڶĩˣ˹ע
һӴϢɽһ㣬ھ븸ĵطȻӨ֮һ㣬Ƕ˵ȴǿĲ˼顣
֪ǴӵϢ
Űַ࣬ܰΪδĴԶվھ븸ʽ£ˣһ˭Ҳı䲻ˡ
ÿټʶѯΡ䱸ݡȸ⡣
ÿһμ涼һο顣ֹҲˡÿڽܸʿͬʱҲڽչ¶ԼĲŻ
ʼ֮УѰոӵܰůҲܿʹԭ
Ρũˮӿ̸۵Ķûһ˽ġ
̫ǳûԴһЩʦûС
಻ҺޣҲԹͬһվͷؾأսսһ
ӡӡӣĻӡűӡ߻ӣһǰʥʵĿ顣
ڵȵԼʱ򡪡
ˣ͵ɣ
ϷϺƵӰͻȻ˰ֵ
ôˡһ˿ֹסʧӹЩʧ䣬Щңܿͻָ
ڹ͢УѾܶˡ
ǸۣͲҪ̫ˡˣ֣磡
һ£բһƫ֮УʱĹŮ̫ϲЦտŹ̡Ρƺ¯롣
ֻһǰͰһųϵΣˮ㡢ˮȡ
֮һ죬ǣĹŮŰɫȹͬӰ
ʣ
ڹŮ׼룬ݹʱһͻȻ𣬴ɡ
ʣĹδʧҴѪķ񡣶˵׼һ׽裬׼ݸʿΪֵˣǸܣ˵ǲǣ
ͻȻλվ𣬶ŴϷ˵꣬ͻȻŤͷ࣬һ˫â䣬͸¶ͱ˵Ĺâ
ˣ
һɲǼ䣬ʱ䶨е˵׽ͳͳʧ
ԭзɵͻȻ֮ýѣһĵ⽣Ӱζ
͢еĹŮ̫༸ͬʱͷ¶ɵɫЦŤͷĩβࡣ
ϯϷĴӣȻһĿ¶ȴҲ˿磬Ťͷ˹
ĵģš
ˣ
ӰΣӴ˴ѹһӱɫ
ΪԼӹһ١û뵽ֻǷŹԼһʼûзѣûע⵽Լֻǰѻŵڶѡ
һ򼥷Ц߶⣬߳˵Ŀ⣬ĶͷͻȻ亹
ָоǰûġ
һܵ˾ԵĿȴҪġ
ȻǲϷŹң
аûѧ裬ҲͲᡣ֮Ҳû˱ֹʲô衣
֪Ӿǹġ
һҪס֮͢У˵˵ٴ˵ūʮ꾭ãһҪס
ڤڤ֮У빬֮ǰ˵Ļٴڶ
빬֮˭ҲԤϲϣҲ޷빬ڡ빬˵Ļ
ʣҡ
Ҫܾоӵ
ߣܣôڸǰôԥԥҪڣͻȻԸ𣿡
䣬ЦƺͿ˼
磬㡪
ֱӣҪ˵ͻȻ֮䣬ˣͺһԶ̫ɽѹڤڤ֮УͻȻоһϡƵηĿ⣬䵽Լϡ
ʣ
һԭҪ³ȥĻ˻Ȼûеٴοڣоʥʰ˰֣Ȼƽ
ˣꥶҪΪˣ
ˣ
һѪͻȻͷȥⲻһܵӣһΣȴоޱܡڤڤУѵӪ˵ǷͻȻԺ
£뻢Ѩɵûӡû·ģҪı״ı¶Ŀֻлȡ
빬һ뾡취Ϊ㡣£һԣΣһҪ֮ҪڱǰԼõĻᣬκúðաΨ֮أܺҪȡñµӣĻˣ

ѪˮͣͷȥӵĳЦᡢĮɱΨ޷ܵģ𾴣ĸĮӡ
ʣ׼ˣȷʵ׼һ֧裬Ҫ׸ʣ
һ仰ޱȣ¡¡쳹
ڵϣȴޱȵļᶨ
һɲǣžеĻȫסˡϵʥҲĿ΢΢һͣŤͷĿٴ䵽˵µϡ
׼
ֻеһ֣һȴ


418 һһʼ
¡
ŶһӰɳ۶롣⣬һ½ǣ첽ӭȥǣסӵ
£ô£ôô
̧ͷΪڽšҵĲһεͬС磬˵ӵ;ڴˡ
ͬģҲҵҲڴˡ購ڹձ鲻ڹȥǼʱеҲͿ֪
壬Ҫţûˣûˣ
ϣ˷׳죬ӶѪɫһҪ
ոڹз飬ൽڻֹסļһӵĵ͵̡ųڸոչڵһɲǣȫɢˡ
֪ݺԼҲ֪Լ¶书󣬺ܴܿŭʥʣұڻΧظ۾ϵ
˲ôˡ
ڹбꡢ㡢ӡҺ޴ڸе˶ʮ֮ǿҵͻȻ֮طˡ
ͱҲҪøԼһۡ
಻ὣ裬ȥˡûκε·ûκεʽҲͬκϵĽ衣
Ľ跢ģʮйͱ֮衣
һɲǣš
˵ȴӵоĽȴ֮
ʱʮ֮ٴʱǸ׵Լ϶
ൽڶǵãǷʱһ֮⣬ȴ֮ı顣
壬˵ˣ˵ˣߣǿȥ壡
мޱȡ
弤ķжϣԼʱҪ֣Ҳô
ʵ֤һжС
һԥ߷ϣǽٽˡ
˵ûֻлȫȡϣģǽȡ֮ڸ澳ǰġ
ֻҪԼĻøʵ
ڸʿڵһɲǣ̧ͷпδôһ̣ܵ˸ʵ顣
һֻһڽһ̣еļϺеĹ˼ɣ
û˵Ŀǰ˷ܵ㵸˷ܲѵӣ˶סˡ
ûмʶ࣬㵸š飬˸Ⱦͽȡġ
ôãûм
ָ飬վǰӣƺӡеǸѾЩ̫һˡ
ﲻһҲ
߰ɣ
һعǣȥ

ߣʣ
ص֮Уһ£ŭڽӶֽһĳһţŤѡ
ոչз飬ɫ࣬ѿѡѾ˼еһжѾƺˡ
Ψһû뵽ǣӾȻһĳ̬衣
û뵽ǣô鸸ʾȻûнûУһϯڻӵܵçۡ
͵ç۷ͬСɣ㷴ӦҲ׸ʲô˼
ڿʼ˭Ҳ׼ºɫ͵ç۾һ㻤
˭ٶ֣˭Ѱ·
Ϊսʥʡ
Ҳһ飬嵽ô£ĲʶβáôͻȻ֮书ˣһѾԪŽôߣ
ӻعͷŭɶ
£ûõġ
ɽֹۺ߹ֳ
ǱͲˣûв鵽˿˿켣ѵӪзǳĵ͵ңϵĲ¶ûа취Բһܹġһʲôǲ֪Ķ
ӳ͸ɵɫ֮û˰ɱ࣬Ҳԭ
ĳǿܹ߱ȫıʣǾ;ԼɳĳܹԸŪû˿켣Լ
ôȦӣڸǰҲǳֹ˼ɡ
Ȼʧܡ

ҧгݣָȭͷ죺
˭ҶһҪҳҵҪʲôڰ֣ھʹ˳ȥոյ˸ʵʹͣǴʱӻʹһȥǸˡ֣ϸ͡
ʶϵɣҲֻҵĻʴ֮ҲҪµ
ǣʹȥ
ֵͷ֣Ѹٴȥ

ͬʱִȥʱ򣬻ʹӵĹУӡĻӡӡ߻ӡлͬڹע顣
һηηС¡ġ塱ͻȻ˵ġâ¶˶һ
˳Ծʥʵ̬ȡȻͱ赭дĽҹˡ
ʥʲûйһçۡԭίʶûйһ¡
壬Сˡû뵽صô
ݷݣûʲôǷ֮뻹ûʲôϵȻҰģǾݲˡ
λֻһţȻҪȥľûʲôֵݿ˵ˡ
ʵߣζҪ취Ļһˣǻˣ
ôֵѾˣٶˣ

඼뵽һϯ裬ͬʱеĵӺɱġ
˵֮ǰĵ⻹ͣͷϵĻôڣξ֮ЩͷѾԻΪжˡ
֮飬ˣοֵܣ
ʥ˶޷⣬һϮçܽġֻһбø˶ѣ


ҹɫһֻɫѻ˴ųӹգǵһ
ˣ
ӥһ٣סµѻ
ǱӦһƽˡ
帺˫֣ӥϵѻ΢΢һĵľӡ
֮һֱҲΪ˴Ϣ
˵ûҴϢ˵һ·оգһʥʹ͵ۡ˵Ҫ㣬˵Ѿס
ӥѻϵżͷ
һеá
˵ͷӥżϵݣӹһ˿ɫ
δĴ鳼ⷽ浹ǷӦܿ졣֪ڲǼʱֹӡ
ǲһ
ϣһֱôȥɣ
а
ڽӳıΪδĴ鳼ƿ٣ȨĴڣηԼΣյĸ֪ӹɵġ
ӵߣӻᰲȫܶ࣬Ҳкܴ٣Ŀǰӣ
߰ɣҲóˡǵ񻹺ءһвŸոտʼ
̧ͷĿԽ¥˻ʹķ
ֻףɹӹһ٣ʲôֻһӲ׳ҲΣյֵĿʼ
һȥͲ˳Ҳǽ󲮡ԼҡӡӡлӻŮ˭󣬾;Բ˳
ʤԶֻһˣԼߵˣ


419 湬̫棡
ڻʹڵһμ˴ƵһˡҲڼ̫ͬʱһʱ֪ԼԭʲôĴ㣬һ̿ʼҪ¿ˡ
ΪλƵһˣԼǰ˽Ѿȫһˡ
ˣ
ɫĹ᡻ζһֻǣ˳Ⱦ˳ڰ̨ϣĽϸֺȻȽµĺʯҪӨ͸
ֻϸһ˷绪ǣ߰ͷľˣ滺˳
壬ڿˣ
һڵлصһ˫ЦЦӸ£ϡ
Ŀ⣬һоһεѹ
ǰδ̫ٹªţҲ֪̫Ȼڳ˾ҵĲԼȴֻǳƽͨŮӡ
ȻҲǵطϵĸ߹٣ҵĽȣĺԶ̫ҲֻǸ˿书ͨˡ
ڵ̫͸¶һġ߸ϵģֻйеǲȨζϣһǿģԶԶԼӴϢ
ءԣԴﵽ侳һصľ硣̶̼µʱ䣬ʵȻô󣡡
һƬȻ
̫¼ʹ˽⵽㹻ģĹ̫顣
̫ǲ书ģ
һȷɣ
Ȼֻǰʱ䣬ֹ̫ˣҲһˡֻ̫ϵı仯ҪȴĶࡣ
ãҵĺֵܣҲĺֵǣɲҪΪ
һˬʵԱߴ
ûˣæվԼ˵
ʿյĿ࿴ڵȺʱȫȻͬϰӺñӣ£ȻȻɢһĽʿϢǡ
ڣ¡¡ת¶һ侳زеӴϢ
侩ʦͷ޸֮ĵƦ빬к͹ٳŲ̶̵ʱ䣬˾˵ı仯ֱ̥һ㡣
嶼ڷܵ˿һ꣬Ⱥ̶̫̼ڵı仯ȣϲϡ
ඥ
Ժйâһʶ뵽ŽŽİʦа˾ִ㣬ҪһĹԹඥ֮ȫ͸Լ
ķԶʱڳɾһ֣ʦаҲɡôĴۣ嵱;ܾ
ʲôඥ֮Ҫʱڳɾһ֣۾Сˡַûôƹ
ǻ֮ǲһġ
˵ŹһܹЩ˴СͿʼǴڵ壬ǻΪӻŮʩչඥ֮ʩչһûô⣬ڿԹȻ١
д˷ܿͻָ
ѵǣ͸ˡֻǣСӸողμѵӪãˡ
ͷ˵
ߣ㵹ǹ̹ס
̫Цһվ滺ࡣȻжСЩŭվֵĽ顣
ңѵӪҲʵ
ֻҪô׵ľͻҲǲܵģ
˵ɣʲô£ǰñŸոչȥûر飬ǲᵽġ˵ɣʲô£
˵˫̯֮УϢǿ󣬱޻˹ߵֻҪǿذ˳˫Ŵ߳
Ůͷϲӣɫֹݣһһǣס̫֣ס湬ıϡ
ǵüģһεĻͼڣĿ
һ˿ɫȴʲôû˵
Ϊӵ£
忪ڵȻųڣˣ湬նһ䡣̫ɫһ䣬Աߵȶɫһ
ȻģҪ˵飬Ȳ֪
壬֪˵ʲôֱǷˣˣͿͣ
̫˪ĿƳһԱߵȣҲվ´
Ȼ빬еʱ䲻ҲϹӡӵʱŷڹѾûв֪ˡ
Ȼڹеó裬ʥʵĳ谮ϲɣڹû˸
̫Ҳֵ֪طЩǾԲǵġ
֮ǡǡеĽɡ
壬̫ˡ֮ǿģ֪֪Ҫʲô飿ʸ֮Уɱ˲֪١˭Ұ˭Ǻ͹елӡŮиΪС֪Ϊ飬ǾԲġ
Ϻܲÿò̫ɫ֪ȵһͻֹ塣
ԲҪ׵Ĳκλִ֮ǳʶûҴĻۣûмľѵҲһͨ˶׵ĵ
֮Σ̫ˣ
ڹлδȣڵó裬ҲȻڲĽɡ
ǲܴӦģ
ѾԽͨҪķΧ

Ȼ¶Ѿʺ̸ȥˣȴû뿪֪鲢ףΣ嶼Ҫȥһ
һͷ󣬻ô
ʲô˼
̫ЦǷʲô֡Ϊⷭκ塣
ΣǾԲװӣյصġ
ȴ侲ûκεı仯
ǣֱһķ䣬Ķûб䡣ûб䣬Ժ󣬻ôأ
˵
壬㵽˵ʲô
̫Ƥ壬Լоʲô
ֱ˷䣬û䣬û䡣ЩһǻűȺ֮
˵һͷ𣿡
һΣ廹û˵ͱ̫ˡֱ̫ˡ
ˡ岢޴⡣ﲻãԼӵĴ𣿡
˵̧ͷĿϵ̫
壬סڣǧ֮壬õʥʳ谮ôܺһ㲻Ҫ˵ˡ
ۿô˵ȥҪƵĲӣæֹ
ߣ֣£˵ҵҪ˵ʲôҺô񷨣
̫Ц
뷨Ϊ㼸仰ıԣͽ֮ȥ̫ˡ
ҵλүӣҲǾܸıԵġ
̫ˣʲôĶҲовѵԼڵĴҲһ𣿾ʲôڹɣ˵һвѵͽܹ֮Ȼ𣿡
һ䣬̫ǵЦȥɫе㲻̫һˡ


420 ˵һ
ǵһ˵ⷭˡ
̫Ĵʵܲ
֮ǰġ̫¼ʥʵĳ谮̫濴ȥޣ¼ϣڳҰǹ̫ѹ
͢棬ĴȻ٣ܶ˱ûзԣ˽ºǲ̫ڳ͢£Ǿ⣬Щ󳼵Ĳ
ʹ棬̫ͻȻ֮λһ˶ȥʥʵȫ谮ʥΪˣΪϧҪȺжԡ
˵޷ܵ顣
Ҫǹ˼ʥʣԺ֪ɣǶȺˡ
һ̫֪ŵĻʹԼ԰ƽȥļطܱܡ
˴֮޹ϸ𣬸ϵ
ų͵εģ̫ĸܵԸԺĵ⡣һҲļɻ䡣
ûκһ˸ǰô˵ȶǴᡣȻֱӾ͸ôѪܵĽ¶
壬̫ˣ
ʹ̫ɫȻ˼֣˪һ㡣ȶɫԱʹɫ
쵰СӣǷ
ֻ˵Ϊ̫Ѿֻˣһǹе
嵨δҲ̫ˡ
ǺǣˣһȻΪӵҲδΪ￼ǡȻں˵˵Ͳ˵ˣˣˣ
ϣ̫ŭȴȻһЦɫ糣һ˵ţһ߹˹֣ҪƸˡ
ˣ
׼뿪ʱͻȻһӴϷס塣
һȣվס
Ϸ̫ĿתȻɫ䣬˪ȴ֮ǰȻͬ
壬Ȼ˵Ϊ˱ǣҾ͸һᡣ˵ɣ㵽ôΪҿǷ㲻˵ɾͱֱˡ
ⷭ˵ϣͷۣŤͷһ۴Ϸ̫̲ס¶һ˿ɫ
ֻ屳̫ȻһЦ͸һ˿ϵɫ̫ȻȣλߣΪ֮󣬸Ȩλ
˵ףǸŮˡ
ӵȤһԼȤ
Ǻǣ
ת̫ܿ콫еȥ
ѵãԼڵĴӺͻȻָ֮书ǵɵĸλͬǴ΢ĩͬ˸оΣвͬܵ˵ų⡭
ϷλƵһˣݲȵ
ߣνΪ˵̫ǣǿˡκֵȥðգȥӵɡ
̫
ڻ̬֮Ȼûб仯ܱܣԶԶ롣˵ǣΪӸôࡣ
ο޽顣
ǺǣڵȻǲֵáǰ֮»ʵǻ֪ﵽʱԴ
¡
һ£򵥵һ仰˵ϵ̫ԼԵȣıɫ
ӿʼڣ˵ģ˳Ļ
壬󵨣
̫ȼȣ̫ңɫĮһֱ岻ôذ˶̲ס˶ꡣ
°꣡飬ƽ˵˵붼롣˵棬ֱⷭ治
ʣ𣿡
̫кâ䣬һӴϢڱη
岢û˼ް֮ǧ֮ʡӹһˡ̫棬̫Ҳһ⡣Σδ»ʶضǻѵΪʱִܱʱյĵλɡʥڣ֮лûǵȵ»ʵǻΪɻΣ
岢ûв˼˼
ϵ
һϯ˵̫㷣ҲǺǲжôĴ治һ˵ûġ
ѾСĴʮˡ鴢üޣճ̵顣
ҲǲòԵһ⡣
ʥڵʱ˻ҷǵȵ»ʵǻһжǽȻͬˡδػܱڵĸ
ʥҲδرס
̫ﻹһع˼ɡԹףǴͳڻ֣´ҲԲĺ̫ӵı
Ҳ̫һֱ£ͬʱֲȥ顣
˲òϣⷭʹĵط
壬֪֪Ը⣬ھͿ԰Σ
̧̫ͷ
һμ壬ǾһΣѾδŭˡ˵ĺܶ飬ԼɵƽԲκԼǰἰ顣
ǺǣЩ飬岻˵Ͳᷢ飿

̫ɫ㱡˵ĻٴиɻҪȴȫ
Ϊ̫֪御ܿ治˵ÿһ鶼ʵʵԼǻᷢ顣
̫УȫԼͣǣ˵˳


421 ˵
ҲЩʧ
ҲǳȨģҪȻҲ뾩ʦˡǲʲôֻ̫֮ϲǰʹе飬Ҳᡣ
ʱˣԼҲûʲô
һʱ䴺⣬߳壬׵Щ顣һϯͻȻ֮ˡ
˵ģЩ飬㲻ȥģȥͣҲǰġ
һҲͰˣǡ֮һ̫ǣȥǿɾ͹ϵԼǰ̡
ãȻҲû֮ͬСɣ׵С˵ҲûеȫҲǲܵġӦ濼ǿ£ϸ֮پô죿
ͻȻŤڵ
ⷭ˵̫嶼Ϊ⡣Ҫ֪ҪǿڣЧǱǿϺܶࡣ
ϾǿֵܣϵԼ̫ˡ
ԭ˵̫ĻȴһԵȣҲջ
ȻȵĻ̫ڳ⶯ɫڵĵ۶֮Уأľ֡
ֳʹ˵壬ܹ˽ġ
̫һ̬Ѿܶˣ
ң󹬲øǹҲϲ󹬵Ů˲̫飬ǲ̫࣬±᲻ˡңʵڿҰӵĻ׶ҵĴʲôô
ǰ仰Ƕ˵ģһ仰Ϳʼתˡ

ⷭЦ
⻹𣿺֮Уֻһ˺һװһˣû˿ıڹУûκ˰ıҲûκε
ں֮Уֻ£ġֻҪӺãûκαȻҲпκεı֮ġңڹƵӰҲܶӺвʹԽĲ
ҪǣӵϻλȻҲж£㽫ĵλȲҲˡȻд㣬׼֣յϼĻǾһˣû˵
˵ŵͷ
̫ʼţĻһ嶺ˡ
Сں˵˵ʲôһϱµ֣ȵҲʮ֮¡ȵʱ򣬻֮ͳ䶨ʲôĴ㣿
̫һЦͻȻû֮ǰǹĵЦ̣ţĶˣ嶼΢΢һ¡
Ҳ̫һЦºࡣ
Ȼ̫Цˬʣ廹ǴЦиܵһźҪݵĹõİ취ǻӡ
̫ſʥʵȴѳꡣ뷨ҲѾΪʱ̫
һζı䲻˵ģ̫˵ò˵һź
ȻҲһ㣬ǵûнȥ
壬ôӣܸΪʲô𣿡
̫Ц֮󣬻ָĵķĲ࿴壬⣺
󲮸ִ֧ӣһ㳯Ұ֪֪һ㣬ȴƫƫ֧ӣҵʲôֻ˵Ҫ𣿡
ң紫ĳǿߣëϴ裬̥ǣ˼顣ûв´ĻӱǸ˿ºѲ˹ϵɣ
˵⻰ʱ򣬷գգ΢΢ЩζƺҪ
һݣæͷ
ڴʹлӡɶڲ²ΪʲôͻȻ̥ǣ书׷ˡ
֪ڱ󵷹ҶᱻеӡɵӣΪʸ֮С
ڹǰף˷֡
̫ʱҲ̸ܹӵĹϵ̫Ȼô򵥣Ҳô׺Ūġ
ᶼûᵽ㣬̫ȴѾµ˱ࡣ
ǣ
ûκԥ
Ҫ߹һˣӲҪ͹һˡܶ˶Ϊֻ̫һòλһǴŮˣ֪Բġ
һͨŮ˾ôķ飬һܹһͨŮ˾ڹĶĹ͢л
ܶ˿̫ʱ򣬺ױߵΪһжڿȴ
ȴ֪Ǵش
̫뾩֮ǰѾ빬ˣҳɹûȣһܡ
һ쳾Ц֪֦̫Ҳһôۣܺƭ
˭ҵ͹λƵĵһˣΪлƿ֮òľǴشˡ


422 ˵ɹ
ŮԶױ͹һ֡
Ϊһ㣬ûзϣԥһµ׼ûСκΪľٶ󶼻ᱻ֤Ǵ
㣿
廰һڣסˡ̫Ҳû뵽Ȼô׵ľͳˡ
ң
ٴγϵ
Ϊʲô
̫ͻȻѾ˴ߣû⣬ӦþδĴ
Թףղ˵˵ġ
УӼ̳дͳĻʾߵġ̫ףΪλðôķգϧԣҲҪһƵ£ĿǰҾ޺ôкӡ
ҵӵʲô
̫壬תͻȻһ˿ǿҵĺġһҲͰˣǰ˿塣
ǡƽʡɣŻ빬֮ʱ˵һĳԣ֧ԼĲ˼飻ֻ߽ڶʹ¼нǬ𶯳Ұ
Լ羴λһľҲֻʮмӡ
Ǵһ濴ǰ궼ѰͨˣԳȥȡ
̫ͻȻ֪ʲôʹ漣ģһżڲˣźúõĴڲˣܵԼ湬ԼƼһڻĬĬŵӣ
ô뷨ġ

忴һ̫ذˡ̫⣬΢΢̧˻ȥ
ֻܿʣ̫Ⱥˡ
ܼ򵥣ΪҺҴ󲮵뷨һΪδĴ²Ǵӣӵ£
˳һˣԥҲûͰԼϷֵ˵˳ȥ
̫˵˵ӲδӱѾסˣȵ˵ôξѧȻֺ˶ʱ𾪵Ļ˵ˡ
ǶԹеĶ˽ȣֺ֪ζʲôй¶ȥڹм췭ظʯ쾪ı仯
ڵ֪ͻȻ书ѾɱĴ֪ʥʴֺѧƴűʥ𷣣ҲһҪɵġ
һʱ䣬ö˿Ŵеֱ꣬ͬһ㡣ɲʲôͨϢ鱨Ըдֵ֮ľ޴ܡ
Ȼᣬյ鱨֮ˣֱĵ֮ҪĿࡣ
оĵģš
û˵ȴǴ˷뻢Ѩɵûӡ£ӵǾԲܸκ˵ġ
Ҫ봳ǰһ٣ͱ̫İҪİЩǱҪġ
ֻܻΡ
ʵ֤ðûа׷ѡ̫ϵѾԱԼĻǲӰ졣
˵ʼӻֻһƵӵĻôڣ̫ȵУĵλѾһµĸ߶ȡ
֮ͬСɣһʱ֮Ҳ֡Ҳһʱﻹгֵʱ俼ǡ廹һϣ뿪֮ٴ򿪲鿴
˵ţͻȻȡһȲغõҪơԼĻ̫Ѿã̫еķѾӣóﵡ
̫ܲܶã׵վһͿһˡ
壬ʲô飬㲻ܵ𣿷Ҫдһ𣿡
ͳţ̫߾ϷһĹŹ֡Ե˵飬ȴҪóһκ˿÷ǳĹŹ֡
ܣ￴ˡ
˫ŷ⣬ҡҡͷȴ쳣ļЩֻ룬ЩҲֻܿ˵
ˣɡ
ˣ
彻ŷ⣬ͣڹų׹ر֮ǰ뿪湬
ת뿪ͬʱ̫ԥһ£̲סĴŷ⣬ּдŤŤż㡣
ˣ
ֻһۣ̫жʱȻһңһ˿ҵɫֻһɲǣͱȥ
Լ֮⣬ߵȶûע⵽
ãСӵдʲô
ȿһƳеֽһߺʵǷǳ棬ʲôҪдֽϵģܵ˵ġ
ûʲô
ϣʮܻ䣬ʲô̫ܶδа׵ָһ֣ͻȻеżͬŷһ˷顣
һֶû鵽žѾΪˡ
δ飬ȾĪվ˶סˣЩ֪롣
֣㴫ҵּ⣬ҵһ壬ʹ͸ɡ˵ڵǰ裬ʥʣҶТķǳͣʹ͸ģ
̫˵仰תߣڵ֮С
ȴľ
ף̫ǷϿʲôȻôҡң֮ǰ̫û¶ġ
ΪʲôǷ֮͸ıע⣬ҪʹࡣһرҪּ⣬ǱٸȫԺڹУҪŻࣿ
ò֮ĳԿǱ۰
ǣ΢ּ
̾ϢһһȻתȥʲôģʲôȫȥִС
ֻô벻׵ǣԼǸܵ׸̫ʲôԻҩڿһ̬֮ȱ仯ô
ܰ治һܴȵģ
̾Ϣһ˵ϲǱŭ֣ҡҡͷܿ߳湬
񣬵Լ뿪֮⹬͢ҪһĲˡ
ôʱյĵλһ粨
ͬʱ̫湬ͬңȻʧԺУȥģǼŤŤּ
ȻżѾյżϵּԽ̵̣ӡԺ
ɫˣɫ˥ۣ
ڸ̫żûֻô򵥵ûͷûβһ仰Ȼ򵥣̫ȴѾ˼
仰ʲô״ǳһǧǰĴص۹ʱعһλ˵˵ʱóĻˣʱ˵ľ仰
ߣǴص۹δ˺ʷϵһһͳǧŵʼʵӮһյʥһ㡣
Ůȴ谮һڵһ
⣬޿ӣͬڵһеȲżǼ򵥵һ仰
ɫˣɫ˥ۣ̫ԼôλģĽǣ仰Żôĳ𺳡
˵ô໰͸¶ôأԶԶһ𺳡
ΪȷȷʵʵӲἰģǺͼɻ䡣
壬ϣûпۣ



423 ջ
ϲ֮ƻıˣ˵15㣡
ڰУ߳ʹŽգһΥԺһεʱע뵽ڡ
ֻȫůġ
ڳɹˣ
Υ¶һ˿Цݣ֪Լһŷá
֮ǰԸЩ˹ظֵʱѾ15㽱̫õģ̶һ֮ڣͻ30㽱
ΪֹõѾۻﵽ109֮࣡
֮ǰһǡҺอ໻ѪԼΡ֮ĵ㣬ΪֹۻõѾ200㡣
˵ۻȡﵽ200㣬ʹһȫµ塪
ڿԶһԪĶ
ʯֵ·ϣһֻޱȡ
֮ʯĽֳܹɡġ塱ơࡣۻ㲻һֱֻܶһǡǡҺอԼѪһġ塱ཱ
ҪԪֻȥʳеĻʼҵҩһԪĽͲͬ
ζһʵԪཱ
һʵҪԭϺܶࡣ
ӣ
ڰһŲ˼ӥһֻԶǵ˹
ôˣ
ûˡ
ЦЦһ˳ơ̫Ǳ߾͸ˡ
Ȼ˵һǰȫˣ̫ıӻ˶й˼ɡǴӺǱߣҲˡ
ɣѵӪ
ӥһǣսһһ̤;Ҳ̤Լ֮·¾ֵԼļƻ
ֹԺ﷢չһҲýһƻˡ
ǲ֪ç֧ôˣ
ڵգԼǳеҵƻ΢˽ε˹ش󽫶ç֧¶һ˿Цݡ
λ˹պյĴ󽫣ͷ۵ĴڡһλֹǿҼıԣ溲ĳ۴ơ˹ر߾ӢȻҲް취
ھ֮бԼݣ¾ûôˡ
ӰɣӰɣͿûôõˣ
΢΢һЦһֹԺķȥ

գ
һֻ˶̤£ɳֹԺʱҹɫ£ƾʦʮĵطһ֧˹صǴ£ͣĴҴ˹ظԭȥ
ԴӱϽݣç֧ݶûأֱӾӳƵ۶ҹ˹ظԭȥ
㣡Ѿòȫֻзص۹ԭǲܳ׵վ
ϣç֧ɫأͣĴߴ١
󽫾᲻ˣƸûԸǣϾǶѾ뿪ʮˣʲô鶼ûз
һ˹ָӹ̧ͷһ˿ҵ
Դ뿪󽫾ç֧һֱڴߴǡɴ󽫾жϺţһ·Ǹʲôû
ǵɹֻɽںХķ
ȫԼԼ
ǰᣬھͲһˣҲϣҶˣǲܵġ
ç֧뿪ƾʦʼһֱңң졢ٵĸо
ָоһֱղŲŸոϢǶç֧һ㶼Ҵ⡣
֮ڵĴԶûеôǿơԵԼɨһеǿʵ
Ӵ۹ľӢײ͸߲㣬ȻЩ˿С
Ǹ㳡ϵһӣ
кܶΣç֧ɱסˡ
ǸȻ֪ľǾԳкܶΣڿļŭԼԼ֡ç֧ҲԷĴ㣬ֻҪԼɱƵ۹ͻ㹻Ŀʵڵ۶жԼ֡
ʱǸ˵ģԼƵľʦûа취߳ȥ
һ㣬ǸԤһ㶼û
ƣΪѾ˥䣬û뵽ȴһôˡ޻δ
ç֧ипѡ
Ӻµ߻ףò¶ԼȥƵʥʡǳأԼһˣ֪ƵȺ󳼶ûʶơ
ç֧ΪӵϷֱص۹ԭʶơû뵽ȴǸ׿ҵ˵ԥնɱ۹ɷԼһȺ˵硣
ȻֻҲͰˣϾǴһʱİϷҲϷѡ
ǶԷȻһڽҴԼݣǶç֧еԾġ
ʲôƵޣҲȫܹܡͣԲܼԼʶԼ
µݣôһַʽ˽Ҵʵöç֧ʼϲ
󽫾Բ𣬶㣡
ڴʱһԱߴç֧Ťͷһ˹߲ѵĿԼ
Ӳؿ鱾ԼġҲһҶΣ㲢ûйϵӲ𡣡
ç֧ȻһЦ˰֣Ϊ
һ߲ѵġ˹ȻҲ˹شˡ˹쭺ͣ¡
˹شΪнĳԽײ˵ǸǴҲ֪εͬСɡ
һƵ۹Ĵ󽫹һˣĵǱ˹ص۹ô˹ص۹һ㾡ȫҲҪ
ç֧ٵȻҲˡ
Ȼ˻ڽཫɣȷǲڶԸǣ˹شȴ֪Ƶ۹ľӢײԲŹֻᡣ
Լ̫ⳡı¼һоԲݵֵز
˵ç֧ʲô⣬ԶԼΡ
˹۱򣬵Ǵ󽫼Ҳֻˡç֧ڴƳʲô⣬Ǿжеľ޴۵㣬ΣյԼĲ̳Ȩ
ǴӲԭ
˵ֻҪڴƵ۶ķΧڣһҶǳֻ֡Ҫ˵۶һǾͲһˡʱһǳʲô£ȫԽƵϡ
Ϊ˶Ըңһ֡Ϊֻϲ˵ùȥҽǻͳʦԭһǲҪߴ뿪֮󣬾ͷѡһ뿪˹ظԭԲܻͷ
ç֧͸ЩϢ
㲻һ𣿡
һ˹ָӹͻȻоʲô̧ͷ
Ȼܺһˣ
ûȶç֧شһͻȻбɲﴫͻ˶һ
˭˭
˭ģҹ

ȺȻһƬ˹ͺܵʲôݼһת䵶γ׼ĵط

ӿ󣬾˵бǰһӰѩдƮƮ˫֣֮У̤˳
Ƶɢȴɽ纣һϢ
飡
һֻɫѥ̤ڵϣ𶯣ַԲǧϢ䣬еĲľ֦֦ҶҶȫɢâϢȫңң׼˹ٵϵһȺç֧ˡ
ϣ
ս˻һ˲䣬˹ظԭѵصսȫһƥƥ۾ë𣬷·ܵʲô޴Σһ㡣


424 ؾƻ
㣡
ç֧棬纽Ӱɫһ䣬ֻʣһͷ
ç֧֪˭ڴƵ۶֮У˾ڵ֮
ڴƵĵ۶֮У˶ھؼ̩ɽ
ȻĴ󽫣ӰҲڲѷɫڸ溲һ󽫣ֻʤѷɫ
ç֧û뵽ΪɱԼƾȻﶼ˳
Ǻǣң
۽ǵ·ʮͣòȴֻʮӡ
һ֧һ֧ƮײɫĽϣԽĴ졣
һˣǿڶç֧ȴٴһ㡣
ƻʵۻǿҰ
ç֧ˣɫص
Ǻǣ󽫾ôг⣬Զϵ۶֮УҲҪúÿһġʮǰ󽫾΢ǱУĳôæûüдһζҪ뽫̸һ
ҽİˣһ˵ţһ߻ǰȥҶݼ⣬ǹƿնâԽˡ
ǹâڱĸое˹ڣһâڱëȻĸо
˹˲սϵѪ档ǰһĻȻѾͨսѪķΧ
ǳģԷŹ𣿡
ç֧֪ν¶˵ġֻϣܹͨԼסǰˣ˻·
ǺǣνġܲӵǻҪԼˡϾÿɲֹң
˵⡣Ŀûпһۺ󷽵ĴǣͺЩ˹صľֻһЩСһ
һʱ䣬˹жһĸо֪Σȴͬʱظĸо
̫ǿˣǿȫ˲Կͷ˫֮Ĳ࣬ȫԵ
ˣǻȥ

˻⣬Ѹɢȥ˹شҲǲֻʲѡʮ˷ֳʮ򣬻̻ɥ֮Ȯֻһɢ֮С
ç֧Ըģʮûκһѡׯƽ̹Ĺٵ
ç֧һһֱӵȫ뿪ԶԶģתͷĴ䡣
ɣ
ç֧ŶһѾɱ⣬µϽȥˡ
Ǻǣ罫Ը
ǰΣաֲİ΢΢һЦȻڶç֧ĿУ̤һֻѥ
¡
Ƭ֮󣬾޴ĺУһ޴ͻȻ֮ڿնǳĹâ֮ջΪ硣
̺İĻͷſԲʮڣеľʱΪҽ
һս

֮õϢġ
һ֧˹ص۹ʹڴӴƷ˹عУ¤߽شʱͻȻ⵽һֻͻϮ˹شԼ˹սʿ⣬⡣
飬Ƶ۹Ǹ⣬ұʾȻϮĵص㲢ڴƵľڣԺǿ߾شܽͻ
ڣĵ˹ش󽫶ç֧ƳҰϵ£ӳ͢䣬ûκ̸ͺλ˹ش󽫴ûгֹһ
ʵҲȷʵˣ
˹ص۹ʹûжç֧֡ȡ֮ģĳĬĬŵ˹С
ȻûִӺ̸
ӥϢ֮ҲǴЦֹһװϷϣ͢滹Ǻ˵ġ
˵ԶϷ
෽üһڶç֧Ϣ
ç֧ǳɹ˻ȥܣأˣ
˵ٺܳһʱ䣬ƺ˹ص۹ĵطǿλ˹ص۹صĴˣ
ϧˣҲӻȥˣ
ֹԺ¥ڵϣһƽеֽˣһĶϧ
ç֧ڱԼ¶֮󣬾ȻֻܵˣԤʵǲһ
Ҫλ˹شܹڴƾڣ˵Լܻһʸı˵㽱
Ҳç֧ͬڸ溲졢֥ثּ
Ҫǲ̫ѣҪɱǣ;ô׵顣
Ͼ۹󽫵ʵСܵĻҪ赲Ҳһ׵顣
ǲôλ˹صǿϯ۹ֻƽࡣ
溲ѹҲСϺܶࡣ
һ˵Լа˸溲һһæ
ˣܽҲǲˡɱֻսˣ
תЩͷܿ쾲պպī֭ϼд
־
ҳһд֣ԺѸٵĻȻЩ䣬ѸٵĻΪһƪģ䵽ֽϡ
деĹ飡
ֹԺʵѾһЩдĹˣЩԶԶҪģֹԺнһֹԺеġؾ⡱
ֹֻԺģܽԼȫơҼպԼڵʱҲȻܹԴԴϵ˲ţΪ۹ԴԴϵʹ˲ţ
Լǰ۹⡢飬ԼսԼѵӪߵӴԴʵмֹԺˣܹѧ书һܴѧطѧĴ
ֹԺѵӪ磬ҲֹܽԺ˲ţѸٵ͵Ǹóĸλȥ
ﾡãѸٵĸд˥ܵĳƣ˶֡
һ˵ʵʵ̫΢ˣֻм˵ʵܸдһʱд۹ˡ
ֹԺС˵ǡǡּ֮дʱ˵֧㡣
һǣħġ̨һߣ֣йӥ
ЩߣµĲؾȥ
ؾûнãֹԺҲû㹻ԱʱֻܷŵֹԺµĶȥˡ
ǹӡ
һƴӵӥȴϵͣ˽Ųû˳˼
Ǹھڲؾ²̫ɣ
áڣؾߺǣǸ𣿡
̧ͷ΢΢һЦ
֪ӥ˵˭ֹԺôֱȫˣƫƫ˸ŭԵģҲֻδͨ󽫣ȴȻĬĬŵҵǸһˡ
ҵǼǰʱⴳ¶ߵġдЩ飬ҵʼǲмһ˵ġ
һδɵСдľжǷ˼֮ҵ̬Ⱦȫˡ
ϴԺҵˡ
λǸұ֮ͬǸһ֪Էſ˽ڵ¶淭Լеľ飬ңһ׼ʱ˹ȥרĵķ塣
ʵϣҵڲİؾˡ
λڣʱڣʱǲòĲؾ߻ʲôˡ


425 ȫµĽ
ӣҲ˼
ӥһҲˣ
ȻѾۿؾеľ飬ǾȻغͿʯǾҪôྭҲѾ㹻ˡǲǻǱһܱȽϺã
֪ӺϾҪ뿪ġչǲһ·˰
ӥӡУԼҹһֱǸˡ֪ΪʲôҵԵرĺͿ

ӥļˣҲЦˣǰû֣еʱӥͦɰġ
֪ӥΪԼǣԼҪ»ڳ͢ɻڴʲô֮ģӥ뷨һ㶼ûд
ӥˡ
ͨҵ￴þԽ࣬ѧĶԽֻ࣬Լδĵ۹Խкô
ֻ̫٣̫ࡣ֮Լ롶ֽ̨ħǵĸ߼飬̫̰࣬ã߻ħ̫ࡣ
ţҵԸⱾһῴġ
ӥİɡҵмƽϣʲôʧġȥɡ
˰֣ȻЦ
ӥԥһ㣬ڵ˵ͷȻǾе㲻ףѡжϡ
ϽӹдЩ飬ӥ£һܿתȥ²ؾȥ
ӥһߣҲƽ
ˡ
ĬƬ̣еëʹһص˱ʼϡؾеľѾ˲ˣѾ߳Ρ
Ҫģʵ⡣
ϴѾ109ˣҲԶһԪĽˡ
а֮ʯ
ڴ֮ǰһֱһ塢ĶڿԶһ߼һĶˡ
žޱȣûˣһ˾׽
һͨԺеġ֮ʯˣһ̣һĻǰչһȫµչǰ
Ԫһ10㣬ܹߵԪֻԪ׵ãԪŽסͬʱ΢ԪٶȺͶԪ׺Լ
עԪ̷ݼ

һοԪĶһݡǰһγһֵͼĶһҩҼ۸񻹷ǳĵ͡
ȻƷǳֻԪ׵߲ʹãڵ弸ǺáȻǷǳԵġ
ڵԪٶȺͶԪ׺ֻһʹֵҩļֵɱˡ
Ԫٶȡζųָ죬߱ͬʱڳʱĳ־սҲռơ
ӶԪ׺ζʱʵ졣
Ȼݶֻ΢̶ȵӣǾͽƾԪ侳Լ侳ϵ߸ûãҲѾ൱ˡ
ֵҩҪʱԶһԾǣǵʵ
忴ԺйĻݣ˼
ν֮壬ǧȻֻһĸı䣬˫ƿͬΪ£һĲʵĸı䡣
ڼҶԿԱԽսϣԪٶȵĲ죬ľǡ롰Ĳ
ֻƾһ㣬;ڲӰԼ£ֹԺЩĳԱÿ˶һһԪ
һĻݱ仯ֳȫµݡһǺйصġ
񣺸ıʣķЧÿζһһһ⻷Чۼӡ
һ15㡣

򵥵һݣƤֱԪЧѾܾˣһεȴЧ
ȻԸıʣֱ˼飡
ڵϣм
Ϊܹüĵҩ㲻ˣû뵽֮ʯȻֱӶһıʡ
ԤҪõģҪĶࡣ
ζһȻͿԻһһ⻷Чƾһ⻷Чֱˡ
ı֮ʯԪࡱĶһˡ
ȻһĹ⻷ֻͼĹ⻷ı̶Ȳ̫󣬵ĴиоһļֵܾĿơ
Ҳ˵ֻҪӵ㹻㣬ȫһصʱ򣬾ӵأأأأزи߼⻷
ΨһǣֽȻƷ񣬵ǴȴǸߵľˣ
һһĹ⻷ЧһҪ45
ڻ۵㣬ҲһʲСĸľƻӻȥĵġ
ңͬȼĹ⻷ЧҪۻĹ⻷ͬ
һ⻷⻷ֻҪۻһһ⻷ͿˣǴӶ¾Ͳôˡ
ļļ弶ҪĲ㼶͸ˡ
ϣܹһһһ⻷˲ˡ
аܿȨ֡桱Чʵ;͡ԪЧһ֡桱Чֻܰͬ磬ͬΪʱռһơ
һ˵ͲҪһһ⻷ǡǶһ֮һĹ⻷ЧͿˡ
ĿһܿͶ񣬼¿ȥ
һγֵĶǰΣȻͬ
͸ıߵʣĶʣʹߵһʣ΢ӶԷķ͸ڣڡӶֵȼս
һ45㡣
ע͸޶һҲ㼶ԽߣӶַĻԽߣӶֵĵȼҲԽߡ͸ﵽһõӶֵķضɹ͸Է

Ļϵ貵֣Ϊֹ֮ʯУĶ
Ȼ֮ʯ˵ߵǶڸ֪˵͸ЧԱǰκһҪǿĶࡣ
ڡԪࡱ˽棬ĿǰΪֹĶԼԺ취͸ʣζġ
ԺﴢôĹҲû˵͸Чġ
ǿʱԽսսʤֵĲţ
ֻǣ͸ĶһʵǸߣﵽ45嵱һġѪܡҪߡ
ֶһ޶Ĵ͸ζֵˡ
ѡˣˣ
һһ̺ԥĶһ˹Ļеġ͸Ч

ڤڤУһ׵֮ʯзɳڡһ̣¥Уƹз·һɿ񱩵׵뵽֮С
һˮУڵȻ֮һȫµģǰδеʴ赽֮С
˲Ϣ֮䣬ڵĸоȫˡ
ʼֻһƽϪôڣѾļļˡ
ڱ棬ȴȻƽġ


426 ѩеĺϢ

ڵı仯˼
飬һ̣û˿ףͻȻһϡѡΪ촷۵ĳûг̧֣֣Ӳ̴ľϣȻһĴָСĿ׶
͸׶ȥһ˵ذ壬һķȥˡ
ԭ͸
忴̴ϵĿ׶˼ڳƵһɲǣĸоеһͻȻ۳Σ͸ͷ̶ͻȻɱӣҽһٴ˼Ӳ̴ľ
۷̶ȣһѾ൱ĽˡǴ͸ȴǳɱӡ
ʵͽ񣬵ƻЩ㣬ڶĸֿв̶ȻǺޡܰͽϣԽһɱӡ
ֱѸٵĲ֡͸
ಣ
һָ̣һ̧Զǽңңһ㣬ε鷢ˣԤеûз
ָʲôûг
͸һʵġ
ʲôҲһƬΡһʱõʹ죬ˣ͸ǲܿƵġ
֮ʯıԼʣֻ̬仯תô򵥡
ָϵʮµʱ򣬺䣬һƵŤһָƿնڶǽϺһ޴Ķڡ
޴ĶҲֹԺѧע⣬һƬӵ洫˹ܿͱӥѹȥ
Ǹô󶯾ģҲֻˡ
ܳʲô£涼ֵôСֵġ
ĶС͸һ˿Цݣܿͻָƽ
ƻصĸ֣Ҳ㹻ԵΣˡ
忴Ŷǽϵƿڣĵ˵ͷ
Ȼֻһָ֡͸֮ƻʮƵ
仰˵㲻սҲܹƾԼ˺صĸˡ
ң廹һ֣
֮ʯȻû˵͸Ĵʣֻ˵΢ǴЧÿʮӦǿԴһΣҲ˵൱ڰٷ֮壡
ڵϣ͸¶ǵĹâ
кܶණ˵ֻҪ㹻ʵȫġٷ֮ĴʣǺܵͣһĳȥϲܴ
ս㹻ң㹻࣬ôﵽһ̶ȣ͸ֵĴͻ㹻ȶ
ڼģôȫĿơ͸ԼҪʱ֡
ಣ
һһָ
岻ϵ飬ĽҲ֤жϣ͸ֻȷʵǰٷ֮ҡ
ֻҪãǷǳЧġ
Ŷ
¥ʱͻȻ֮һڵĻ洫ͻȻĶע⡣
һͻȻվƿţ˳ȥһ̣򶨣Ҳſڡ
ֻ⣬䣬֪ʱؼƮƬƬĶëѩ
ѩˣ
һָסƮµһƬѩһ㱡书ﵽ
֪ԼתѾһˣ
һ갡
һǺ˪Ȼһʱ䣬ĸоУȴ⺮˪һ㡣
ѩˣѩˡ
ֹԺУԶѵӪǺ졣һɽͷϣͷܶ
ġ˵ģģġ˶ѩ˷ܵĻ
ѩµúִֻܴܼһ֮һƬȺɽľױعһ㱡ĻѩԶԶȥ续
գ
ѩ֮УͻȻһƥսͻȻХ꣬Ե÷ϣһҵĻҴӹɽ£ֹԺڣȻĸ¥ǰ
ľٶע⣬ҲԺע⡣
ӣүүˣ
һװĻ˫ֿȭϥڵϣ˼˵仰
ʲô
屾ֻĿһۣ仰һ꣬Ĳ˼顣
˵ʲô˵һ飿
عӣүүӺˡѾյǰţ˵վҪؾʦˣ
ڵϣٴظ
䣡
һʯǧˣ˫£У͵սȭͷ˵½֮ڶ
һ壬ֻһΪүǾѾɵ⣬ѾûϢı֡
ˣ
ڴӺ⺽лˣ
˵õϢˡ
̫ˣ
ͨ죬˷ܵĲӵ
żأøҿ
һźˮͺյżܿ䵽Уĺͳʪʹż㿴Ͱͣġ
ûϸֱӷżһҳֽϽǣī֭һϸСͼֹסĲ
ɹˣĳɹҵˣ
һɿӿһɲǣȫѪҺҪڡ뿪ʱѾԼá
κк񣬾īֽ½ǻһʯͷСͼĳɹҵԼеȺǾżһҳϽǣһɫĻͼ
ҵˣİԼĲ룬ںЩȺϣҵЩģʽġ
ʱ棬ǽΪǽ磬ǻʽ
Լıأ
һʱ䣬Լӵʱıʱ

ͷȺɽؼ亮ХѩԽԽˡ

棬ᶳע㣡
ֿ㣬ֽ㣬緫˳磬òŶ෫ˡ
ˮ׼Һʱ׼ê
˸͸λʦ׼Ϩ𣬽ڰ϶ɹǽúõĳһ٣

ʮһܵ¡¡飬һҾ޴¥ͬһؽһ㣬ӣȿں֮С
飡
ֻش߰ٽľ޴ê¥êײƱ㣬䵽ˮУİɫ˪
һҡҡҡŵһ¥ﺣ۰ߣĽҲ׷׵ִ˺֮С
ڿһɲǣ֮бһ춯صĻ
ˣڻˣ
ڲٳˣ
ҾƣŮҪ
ϣ飡
ã

һƬƬһݺľݴӴһ˪Ƥµˮͨף¥
ЩģֱӴ
ֻһʱ䣬ԭյıѩͷܶ


427 ֣ܣ
˶ɫ죬˫˷ܲѡ
һһʦˮ֡֡֡֡ͣĴӴȵ˶뿪һ¥ڳһ˪ĥꡣ
꿴Ͳ󣬵ȴһɣȵĸоһ˸еӣһʮ꣬ӵйµˡ
ڻˣ
վڸ߸ߵĴϣŴ飬֣ͺһƬŽĴԱԶԶױعȴտյϤۣһڱĿипѡ
Ȼֻж̶̰ʱ䣬Ƕ˵ȴͬһ㡣
һðգ̫̫࣬Ҳʶ̫̫ˡ
һڱĿһã̤ľʵݣ¥ȥľʵڽ·֨Ĵ죬ÿһôڶһ




Уеˮ֡֡ʦʦ֡֡֡ȫɽХ
һ˫˫ĿǿȺͳݣͺǸ꣬ĳλԺգأ˵Ĵһ
һһˣϣѩϺ赲סҵЩҲȻݣһĵİԼҪĴ
֮УȻġүݻҪֵ𾴵Ķࡣ
뿪¥̤˼ʵأӭųɰǧĿ⣬ڷԼ̤ϴ½֮ĵһ˵
ǻˣҳŵǵġǻõҪĶǾǡƸ



ԭȺʱøӿˡһ˫˫ѩĿ⣬˺ɣһʵ׷ߺͻ
κˣκˡҪ˺ĻǶὫ˺Ƭ
գ
ȺΪʱһϵ̤ƷѩԶ˵ע⡣
ʼʱޣǺܿ죬¡¡ͬڣֱ۶
쿴
֪˭ָԶͻȻ˵һ˲˶ע⵽ԶһɫĺƺƵź۵ķ
ণ
ǰһֻɫĴ˫ڷѩлУԵ÷ǳۡ
ڽɫ·һʮƤãüĿͷСȻͲ󣬵һһ֮һţΪ֮ŷ
ӣǳ幫ӣ
ȺУҵĻ˳Ҳ˳ҵӣھʦ֮оûм֪ġ
Ա൱һ־ǳСĳ幫ġȻһΪĻǾʦдȸλ幫Ӹɵйҡ
֣ڻˣ
ѩɽ캮ضĺۣбĺ渽һ۾Ϳ󷽵
ӹȺϷ£һһѺݺݵıסԼҵı֡
ˣˡ
ҲǹЦֺݺݵıס塣
˳ðգȻԾ˿ͷһںϡǵ˳Ż֮м˾塣
壬ԶܳƬ飬Ȼо֮УķСա
壬֪ԭԼĵط֮⣬˾ʵ磬˹һƬ󺣡
壬֣ᷢԭһֱҪģ
ڵ
Ҫƽûг书㲻ҲһƾԼǻۺӮñ˵׷桢ӵ𾴡
ܣҲҪĶҸˡ
ɿָָ֣һͣںеĴ󴬵
һ˳˲֪ˣ˲֪ױ쫷磬ջĴˡ
Ȼһлδ֤ôˣôൽֵֵҪȵȷ
ĻҲعͷ岢ûпϣǿ˴ϣĴֻȣЩ󴬵ĳˮԺ
֣ҿˡЩͽȥɣȻȥ˵һγȥôãҺ֮ľ

Լǰ͸ոճʱȣֱһˡϡӡƤȫֳɹİ죬Ƥ£˪ȫӵܵӡ
ǳȡصӣôҲ벻ġ
˵ҲܸоõһγԷĹ¡
һȣ
ס壬ĿУĬƬָָ̺ǰһڴԱ
Щˣһһҳŵǣȵһ֮һǴĲƸ
ԭİɣ׼ˡ㿴ʲô
ָָ
˳ָȥһƥƥսһ飬̧һڿڳصĴͭӣ
һһڣڣڡʮ֮ࡣ
˸ָʾһһʿוּһϵıһѿ˱ϵͭһֻֿ뱦ӵķ϶һƣէǼã
ǿͭ棬ȻȫŵĶҫĿĻƽ
壡
һڿװƽӣһڴԱٴ˷ܵĻмԼģֱӾͳȥȥ
߰ɣ
ǣһƥһûپܾһϣ˸ָмĻдĻϴӺϡҶĸ֣ȫһҴȥ

Լľ¥ӷϴġ
¥տյģȴ˾Ʋ˼ȡŴһأռ̿𣬷ʱȻ
Х캮ضѩ죬ȴһƬů
塢ֵܴʱ̵ضӥŴ񣬾һ
һ¯棬ȡ¾ƣԼһָ嵹һȻ̿ȵĲһڣɿڵţ⣬ݺݵĽ
ǳóԣ
ݺݵһȻľ׽һ߳ţһơ
ǰȾƵġ
忴ͻȻڵ
ǰǾԲģڵȴȻȻЩⲻһӵܣһڵںϵı׼Ա
㾭ҾģҲһġ
Цһ˵ţһ߼ڽţ⣬¾ơ
׷ʲô
ʵ
仰Ѿ˺ܾˡ
ûԥԼںϵľԭԭĽ˳Ԥˣ˵ݣȻ̲סΪ֮ݡ
󺣾һƬԨ
Զ½أԶ£޵ĽӽԨͬʱȵĿһ˵ԡ
Ÿָ⣬ⲿģҲڲġ
һߺžƣһ߶Լĸ־赭д˵ԼɹȥҳĻҲѱʱ򣬲֪Եһʲôӵ
󺣣ܰõˣҲܰ˱ãܵˣӴǱ


428 
һ·渵ҲþĶǲѡһ޵ĴǰߵСġ
˵֪Լǵ͹ڴкеΣա嵱ӵʱҲûгġ
¥ļ廤ϾҵΪܸǣ̫ˡ
󲻱½أÿʱÿ̶Ǳ仯ġ
䣬Ҳֻ·һֹˣ˴ȻҪԵǸӵġԡ
ʳӣһ꣬ʱ俴½أ֪ܻܲص½ص£ܼ˵ĳһġ
Σյʱͬʱɣϵÿһɱȡ֮
ϵĳӣ뷨
˶ԹԹ˶ΪĴҪȡĵλƽеˡ
һ飬Ҫ㡣Ѿ¶ˣ
ͻȻڵ
ʲô
ͫһԭȥĿȻͣ˿Сϵش󣬾Բ׵֪
ĻЩ֮ꡣ
ԺͺͿʯĴڣңЩһ飬Ǵ¶ķʽںȺϡ
κҴΪ֮ĶںѪɱ
ͿʯѾ¶ұҦҺ֪̽ˣȺŸոշ־ͱ¶ǶԼǾ޴ʧ
㲻õģѾˡڳ֮⣬Ѿû֪ˡ
һھƣ̧ͷ赭д
ˣ
סˡ
ǺǣӺ½أϾһ·̰

оһŨѪζ̧ͷϸĴλǰµı֣ŷ֣Ĵ·˪лһǰûļᶨ;ϡ
ԣԼǰ
ڵһû䣬е룬ΪǣҲΪʱһı֣ͦԼס壡
ڱƵ£ǸʱıϾֱ顣
Ǹʱı֣ҲȲԼǰ֡
ʵǺ񣬵ʲôĥѣڶ̶̰ཫĥֵز
赭дı£ֵжٹ±
벻
̾Ϣһпѡ
ֳɳˣ
ԼһֱҪˣǳɳǳɹû뵽һɳģǱˣȴԼı
ڵصľһʯȡ㡢һֿĸо
Ȼ书Ǻܸǿ֪ĳͲ
ڵѾﵽԼеĵزĿԶһˡ
Ժ󣬼Ϳȫˣ
Ժһͷοޱȡ
Ȼڵӣ²ȫûǰǸӵӡǳɳҪĴۣ
δԵĴۣѾǺСˡ
ˡ¥Լģϴĵطϴ·Ѿ׼ˡ극ϴ裬Ϣһ£˾֮ȥùáøɡصܾˡ

š
˵ͷ
ȥôãҲϢϢˡңûм磬Ҳѵ㣬Ŀô󣬿϶˵ע⡣ҽĻһ飬Щ˱иҴıûеõһġ
¸̽˽䲻һ¶Ⱥǰ˽Ⱥһ㡣ҾãҪĵ顣
ĬȻҲûа취ġ
һôĴۣ԰ƵĽӣôˣ֯ôӴĽӣʱôʱ䡭˵ע⣬ǲǹˡ
õġ׼
嵭
ңǴֻǾżңĿ궼̫ԡͲѺõŵ
Ѿע⣬ȰЩϵʱһһŪֹԺȥ
ҵֶЩʱһʧ
ڴӸոջͷ̫󣬵ȹʱ䣬ƽ˾ˣûô˹עȻҲ͹ȥ
ʱٿչԼļƻҲǲ١
Ȼ׼ҾͷˡԱͲصġÿԱܼǵúе·ߵġûҵĺͼǾģҲҲң󲿷ֻ֪ȥҵһ־޴ʯ飬Ͳ֪ʯ鵽ǸʲôõġЩ˽±͵͵ȥ쿴ҲԲ֪Ǿ
⣬ʱҲԼǵģ
˵ⷭʱһϡȡ
ͷվٶ˵
£˼άѾ൱ˣò˵ӴԺһ棬ڶһһˡ
ܣ
׼뿪ʱһ¾Ʊͣ¿磬۾һգգ͸¶һ˿رζ
Щ㵽׼ʲôҪңֻ⣡
ⷭתͺһʶԼһ
ڣô¡ÿֻǾı֣˵
ֻԼǵһʳΪʲôʲôˡ
ʣһ˵ĺ֮У˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶණ
Ǻǣ֪ģ
ЦЦŤͷ¥£ţѸʧĮĮĴѩ֮С
㶣漴¶һ˿Цݡ
еʱ򣬲ϣǳϣش𣬾ǻش
ĻѾӡ֤ԼĲֲ²⡣ԼĸоûдܰȻﻮʲô
Ϳʯ
ȻԼѾɳ˺ܶ࣬ҲϤġԣǶԼܣȻһš
ϣ̫̫˲Ķˡ
ǲʲôҪʲôıʲôһǿԿ϶ģǾһֱά塣
壬޶⡣
㹻ˣ
ԣҪʲôҪıλȥֹҲȥֹ
ôѩ
ŵķһ¾߹ȥƿӣѩĮĮտĳϣһӰУѸٵʧĮĮķѩ֮С

ʱһж
¡¡
װɽһϸӰϥһ¡¡ӹŤһҵģͬʱƴֲս֮ĪܵͬһӰװɽ̶

һĻѩܵ𶯣ĻȥʱĶҲ˾Υ
ϲɹȹʮ㡣ʣʮĵ㡣
һŸºҪʮ㡣⣬ÿȹһΣǿһĽҺอԹǵǿ̶ȣ



429 ҵʣ
˳ȹһɹʱӿԼԺ壬̶̵ʱڣоԼ;˲١
ڶȹˣ
аһƬϲ
֮ų֮һŶʱըһŪǻ˵ġ˳ȹˡ
ӵվһ壬꣬һĴ洫ͬһʱһӴϢͷų
Ϣһ·ԪͻƵ侳ٴһأأһֱͻƵصľ硣
ʮָĵҩټ϶ȹķ˳̤侳صľ硣
أﵽأͿԽ⻷ˣ
Ŀаϲѡ
⻷ǿĵطԼʵսеսá
һ⻷ζֻҪڹ⻷÷Χ֮ڣеսʿܵ⻷ķӳֱ֣ӽأǵٶȡݣȫﵽּ
ʵǷǳ˵ģ
ѩɽϻչһںһܿ콫еԺе֮ʯϡ
Խܵͷ֮ͻԽأһϰߡ
һε֮ȴ֮֡ʯͻȻһ㲻ͬ
ʱӳ˾Ÿ£ĵȴǳɱı仯˵Ժ֮ų⽫᲻ļٵҲ˵ԺҪĵԽԽ࣡
ͷĿ⼱˸ε֮ı仯УܿһЩ׾쵽Ķ
ʮȻܶ࣬оŸµĻʱ䣬ӦûǹġģǺᵽݡ
ÿȹһΡǿһνҺอԹǵǿ̶ȣ
ǰûгһġ
ĶҲͰˣҺอ͡ԹǡȴǳҪǰ߻û;򲽲ѡ
Թǡڡǡһ֣ǡǡ͵ļ
Ϊﵽּ츳ҪҲԽԽѡǡĸǣÿһ׵ʮ౶Ѷ
ӵļ䣬Ҳû̫õİ취ҪȻϱҲֹֻʥ侳ûˡ
ÿƽȹһΡųܹһΡԹǡջ
˵ҿԽ˴ﵽϱӴûдﵽľ磡
һ̣岻òԼĶˡ
սȴҲջðķԽջԽƺصġ֮ʯǱڵĹ
ȻʧܵĻҲвƵĳͷ

ڳ˼ʱͻȻһͷ̧ͷֻ˷˷ķѩ֮УһֻѩѩĴųƷѩз
ӥ
һܿһֱֻ
£ӥ֪ܲûҪ飬ӥǾԲԼġ
סֻѩİȡż㣬ֻǿһۣͲһ
ߵģס
̾Ϣһ彫һݣѩɽ£չӰͬһӰһɽȥֻ֮һǳǳĽӡ
书ӰҲ֮Ȼûдﵽ̤ѩ޺۵ĵزϸĻȥͺµĽӡһ
ಣʮɺһŴĻѩ϶䣬弸ݣѸٵʧԶ
صֹɽϵʱ򣬰ѩֹԺѻȸ˶ʮ֮⣬ֻһЩѧ
ʱֹ֣ԺҪƽ侲ࡣ
崩ǽţ֨֨Ĳľʵ̴ݣص¥һ۾Ϳһ׶ߣࡢ׳˶Ӱվűߣǻƺ˺ܾãµӡ
ֹԺߵģҲֻҵһˡ
ѩ˷˷ǧױعһƬļ񡣵֪һʱ䣬ǿˡ
ѩڻľѿҪʼһһȵıҵҪǰ򣬽ҵھõʱ
ǰ׼һиⲨõʱ
ȻҵѾȲˡɫ΢ȦȻһʱû˯ˡ
ˣ
ţ˽ȥȻĲᣬźúõһͨ󽫡ôװߣֱʹµͷ巴ˡ
ߵסĴߡҵԸȻע׵ΪūΪͣΪκʹ
ԼǽŵڵĹӣҲһʹá
е壬һѧģܿÿţһڵĲˮ˹
Լһָҵһ
ɣ
ָŶ
š
ҵأӹ˲裬ȴû¡
Ҳû⣬֮󣬴µĳһ׼õķţȻ˹ȥҵǰ
Ѿ׼ˣȥɣ
ʲô
ҵһ£Żع
ź㲻ҪȥѾ׼ˣҴ󲮺ӡ£ԼӡšȥҪֱͥǰһԲԸ
طֵˡҵַӦɲԤеӡ
ǼǵʱӣǹƼֱҪֹԺˡڵóԸѵʱķӦӦϲ
˭˵Ϊģ
ҵͷϵźһĹŹ֡
ѵǣ
ˡ
Ҳûô˵
ҵڻָ
һҪ㡣
ң
ˣ̧ͷǰҪߴǿ׳ˣͻȻԼԤϴˡ
ʲô
ˣʲôһƼҵȥıźҪҪ
ʲôԼſڣûʧӣӥѩ֪ͨԼȥ
㣬Ǿҵʲô
ҵͻȻĿ·𵶽һ㣬͸ղŵ֮
ʲôʲô
һĴ㵡ҵⷭͻûӦû˼·
һǧĺͿʯԴǧ׵Ҫֻͨʯгɰǧ书ؽ壬ټֹԺ׼ôսʣҪʲô
Թıλٱ췴ûʲô³³ƽհӣҵأƽǾǲ治ΪŰ顣Ǿʦϲ⣬Ļ죬ҵһɱ㣬ٽҴݻٴ
ҵͷðĿѣɫŭڵӣֱͬһηҵһ㡣

ⷭͻ˶סˡôҲû뵽ӥʮ𼱵İԼл˵ҵҪԼȻΪ
ҵֹԺ˼£ʶԼĺͿʯʶԼҲʶԼд书ؽ塭
֪ԼôܣһȻΪԼҪͼı췴
λƵ۹δġͨ󽫡ڹ۲˼֮󣬾ȻΪԼϲ⣬Ҫͼı췴
ٴٿҲû뵽λδͨôأתӣȻΪ
㵣ȣЦã


430 ĳԣ
ΪҪ췴
忴ҵ̲סЦ
ѵ𣿡
ҵɫ棬˿ûпЦ˼էʱԾʦһ֪嵽˭֪
ֻΪĳҹӣҪԼߣΪūΪͣǴ
ҵԾʦٲϤھʦµʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ؼļŪ
ֵľǽ֮ңڴƾڶȨһ㣡
ЩͿʯֵǣɵȸն޼᲻ݣھһ˵ȸҲ߰ƽ֮࣬ҵܶѲۡ
Ⲣǹؼؼķ
ԸԺһҵһμʶĿܹ֮ᣬһ³ǧڣʵȻԭ֮һҵ֪һҪԭ򣬾ǰȸ
ڣûһһ֮СǰħԵȸǰ˴ֽһ׵նϡ
ԺҲûܵһն
ڣѾһǧĺͿʯôӴѾԴһСģǧ˾š
ȸµķ̶ȣû˱ףһ֧սζʲô
ᣬȻ֪Ūôġ书ؼ
֣κһֶͨҴܹŪġȴ
ھʦ֮ڣѾǾˣ
ʲôͼıĻڵ۶֮ڣһֻصѾȫ߱ʱ֣һγʸ
ҵȷʵҪǰ򣬽ҵ޷ôһǿƤ£չ׳󣬶֮
οѾڡбˡ٣ֹԺУҡб
ҵһӣɫ
ҵʲôıܹƾǿʵ͸˵£Լһǻȭȭ֮ĸ
ԼʲôʣǰҵѾԼ˻ɡ
ǣ
ӭҵĿ⣬ɴ
ҲᣬҲûбҪʲôͼıңʲôͼıĻôҪ飬һô׵һ֪Ƴ𣿡
ңͿʯھʦ֮Ѳܡ飬֪Ҧҵ֪Ϊʥʻ᲻֪в֮ģΪʥʻǵ𣿡
ǺͿʯЩ˽ЩѾڶսʷ롣ûв֮ģôǹôඥսʵҪʲôѾļͷķ룡
ҵĿ⿴壬ֱָģ·Ҫ͸
֮жʱһƬϢĳĬ
ĬҵȻԼĻҪĶ࣬ͿʯֹԺѾ̫̫ˡ
Ѿһ˲ĳЩͼȦӽӴԽ˽Խ࣬Խܸоʲô
ûָҵɵһԼе˵ǣֻڿǣԼ׸òö˵
ҵܸңΪʲôһҪȥ𣿡
ͻȻ
ҵԵĸо˵̬ȡ͸ոսȻͬͺһһ
ָоǳŹ֡
еǿԿóģ̬ҲԾӰ쵽ҵ
⻹˵𣿴ɷ򽨹ҵ־ķѵ½ܽʲôҵɣ
ҵ˼
ȻЩ̬ȣһ㣬Ѿ˼˺ܾãͲö롣κ̹ȻԺ˵Լ̬ȡ
ɷ򽨹ҵ־ķ͸ˣûʲô˵ġ
ǣⲢԭ򡣽ҵͥҲһΪʲôҪȥأҪ̵ĻҲһɣ
ҡҡͷ
Ȼһ
ҵҲľʹ壺
۽ҵĻᣬûȵϰңǰҲûа취ȡɷҪȥҪȥΣյĵطֻ֤Լ
ȥΪΣ𣿡

ǰɣ
ҵûзϡ
ûУΪʲôΣգ

һʣʱҵסˡ
ڴ֮ǰֻҪȥΣգսĻû
Ƴƽ̫ƽҪȥ𣿡
׷ʵ
˵ʲô
ֻ㣬£Ϊս׼ģԶֹһ˶ѣ
嵭һ䣬һƬžš
ҵ壬һĲ˼飬ͺһʶһ
ִﾩʦҵӡ󣬾һΪӵܡ
ʱ൱Ѿҵӡı࣬Ҳʶ಻һģ˵ĵط
һ̶̵̣ļ仰ȴҵ֮䷢֣ԼƺԶԶ͹ǰꡣ
Լ˵ôֵκ𾴡
ԼĿ´شˣ
ﾲĵģĿͶ˭Ҳû˵
壬ո˵Ļĵ𣿡
ҵ
ɼؿɱ
ɫ
ҵ촽˶ȴһ仰˵
ҵ
֪Լ˵ҵᡣԼļƻȱһǿƾԼǲġ
һҵġͨ󽫡ԼԼļƻ°
δǳΣ棬Լһ˵ʵ̫ˣԼ̫ҪȥҪһǿȡԼ쵼ˡ
Լ
һֱǳԼƲʱֵսԺͱЩҪǿ
ΣһҪһԣ
忴ǰҵвǿҵͷ
ҵΣգ̿ɴЩ㶼ֻ˱֡ڵĵ۹Ѿǰĵ۹ˣҲǰǴӴƼȡݣ׳Լ
߾۹ͻʺ˹ص۹گ۹иĴʳ֧Щǵ۹Σв˹ص۹ǰûнӴĴʳ֧Ƽ临ӣ͢ȴսϣطΣյԭ򡣡
ҵ㲻֪۹δΣвȴ򣡡

ҵһ𣬼ʶѿڵ
ͣ
ͻȻһָһƷĽƿնûиѶǽϵľᣬȴ׼Ľĺжϡ
һ־ϸ΢Ĳٿҵһ⡣

չҵĿУһ޴ĴƵεͼ˱ǽϡ
ͣĵڶָ׼Ķ˴ƵͼϽǣ˹ءگӵĵط

ݵһ˵ţһ߻ջָ
һɲǣĿѩޱȡ


431 ˵ҵ
תڣѾһʱ䡣һʱ䣬Ѿı̫Ķ
һû˥䣬Ҳûʧ裬ڶʹ¼һ֣Ҳԭ̫һ
Լ棬ҲѾ˳ĽֹԺԼףúͿʯսԵ
еһжѾ̤죬ĵľϡ
³뾩ʦѳɶ֣ͨѾִƽʽӹܰ϶
۹ϵĸ֣ϱӵļһģһ
ȻѾѸ׺ʹľӵڽϵı߽شʱԽ뽣ϣҲֹڴˡ
ڵĵ۹ث³溲죬Ǹ֥Ƕкǿҵĵۺ͵̹ۡ
ǿаѸ׺ʹ뽣ֻᵼϵͨ;ǵ³ɣҪϣϷǵǵ
ֻʵ䷵
ϲҵΧ³ͨԳһ壬Ҳһûд󵽿Կһ۹ط󶼻ĵز
Ҳǵġ
ȻѾ֪δΣգܹȡĴʩȴ֮٣̫Ļֻ³ͨĵ⣬򲻴
δ϶ڵ۹ľ޴ʹˣȴֲܲܡ
ĿǰѴ
ɸΪ֮ļ䣬ΪˣЩҲȻ޷ıġ
ֻ취Լ΢֮ŬȥıЩδܻᷢѡ
ϣһе㣡
Уҵͱһ۵סˡ
۹вϣⷭû˵ڵ۹ı߽˶ϣ۹ܷͻġ
Ѿƽ̫ʱ䡣۳ͻĳ̶ȣսµ¤ͰȲϣ˵ˡ
ȴ˵۹вȴϡ
һˣҵֻòֵһӣ֮ԱǣһǲǷˡ
ǺӴʱ䣬ҵȴ֪ǰɵ֮
ô֪
ҵĿоɲ
˵ǰ¤˾ȡϡ
ڵ۹ĽУ׷սľˣ
ҵ㻹𣿵仰ʱԭԽǲ׷սĵطԽ׷ս
ԲȱȱԲ۹Ϻƽ̫ˣии㶼ﲻܷս£οˣһֻиľӣ޷ľӣΪԵֵס˹غگĳ𣿡

ȫûɣΪʲôҪôگ͵۹ƽ˹ظǴδ½³𶼻ʮ˹زܵóѣ
ҵ
ҵ仰вɳ̾Ϣһڵ۹ƣҵѾֻǲǺ֪ˡ
ҵ㻹֪³Ѿ˾ʦڵİϴ󶼻ͨңگĹ޷ڻ˹أҪӦϣͬƣ˹Ƕ˽⣬گأ
گ˹ˣΪƾ϶ʮֵܹס𣿡
̾Ϣŵ
ҵگ˹ˣһй϶Ȼ¤ǣƸ溲Ĵ󶷾һ֪Ե۹˵ζʲô𣿡
ˣ
ҵԺһ˶סˣһɺͻȻӱӿȫҵսԣҲ֪˵ʵôϣ۹˵һ޴ѡ
۹𲢲ӣκһ־ڼ˶֪۹Ϊս٣Ա𲻶ࡣ
϶ʮϵΨһϡ
϶ܵ¤Ĵ󶷾ǾҲܳԮͬʱΨһ
¤ĸ溲ǣˣ˹ص۹Ƕϵİ϶Լ۹˵һ޴ѣ
˵ģ³˵˾ǣ
ҵһ𾪵
ⲢǺѲ顣³ʮ꣬һΣѾ˼Ҫʦ˭Ҳ赲ס
ӭҵĿ⣬ƽ
گ˹ıˣ
š֪˲࣬ٿȷگ˹ɳθ߼ʹߡ̸еֵزʱǻö֪

ҵĬȻû˵һ˫üͷ˵ĵ
һΣҵԼڵ۹ƾȻȫ˽⡣
ЩҼȻ֪Ϊʲô߱£б³棬ԿԶɱҡ棡
ҵ̲ס鼤
ҵǶ֪飬Ϊ²֪𣿾ϵ飬ҪԶĸӵĶࡣĲ˵δУôһ˵ıµ̣ȴҪ׼ʮ˵ʳҪ͢ͳֻǱ飬ΪС𣿡
⣬͢ڰٵУǵıͲ㡣ĻǴ¤⼸طͳͳǱԽ״̬ܹ֧ԮͲˣôܽ͢ھҲѵԤ۵ıȥ𣿡
ңıٶ࣬ѵܱگ˹صı⣬گ˹صһֱûȷ֤ݡǳٳٲôǣѵǾһֱפ׼ս״̬ľǷǳ˵ġң͢ΪǼ䲶׽ӰͽбĴԺεӣ

ҵٴγĬˡڵԶûδǸͨ󽫡ֱ˵ĺܶණȫûġ
Ƽ򵥣ʵʩеŵȴҵ
ҵĳ˼
̫͢һȻתŲתѡǸ˾ͲһռͿʯ˽ģҪԾԼһ͢ҵңʱԶҪİ
и֥ͷһ䣬󷽵ͱİʱ֧֡û㣬Ҳʧϲһû˰϶ϣһƽնܵսĲ۹ϽȼգΪһƬ𺣷棡
忴ҵ۾ġⲻĳԤԣϱʵ
Ϊ֪־޴ĲغŻ뾡취ȥֹ
ƥҵϣܹһ»ϣܹҵΪ۹һҶϣܹգһϣȻʲôԭҲֹ㡣ϣܹĿǿ˵Ļ
򡭡ܹƽϣһһΪҲҵĿĵأ
ҵĬеһ͸¶ѵɫξĿľһͿʼõġ
ϵ⣬ǰûҲͰˡڣȻѾ֪ˣͲ޶ԡ
һжĲ²⡣˹غگûнѵҾһֱȥ𣿡
ҵ

ͻȻЦôãҿԿ϶һ֮ڣϱضսʱϻûսһж֤ҵжǴġԸѺͿʯȫ͢Խлɡ
˵ģ
ҵһ1000ͿʯСĿֵﵽƽټЩֵ͸ˡ
ԸЩ޳ͼı죬ıλȻǿϴɣôһʲƸڳ͢ĲҲмĺô
Ȼģ
Ц


432 ıϣ
һ꣬ǵ۹Ϊұ䶯һꡣԼԤûдٰ꣬۹ϱͻᱬһģĻս⽫ǵ۹ʷǰĲҰܡ
һϵеı仯۹Χǿȫ֮ģͻʺ߾۹ңԶĴʳ֧֮ġ
©ƫꡱ˫Сڵ۹۹֮ĹϵУӵձá
һȺӿʳɾ
Ȼҵ˵һ꣬ԤԶԶòôáһ꣬ƶƽȹôԼеǳƽҲˡ
ʱῪĵķҵߡ
ΪӦδǳµľƽ٣ΪӦԵ۹ѣΣգԼֺαķȥġͿʯͺȺϵġ
ĵ۹ܹɹȹһеѣеĶ岻Ҫֺη
ĸɴȻҵԤϣֵƽĶȻܹ˵ͷԲһġ
ãӣ
ҵ۾һʹơݼҲһɺ
ܹƽĺͿʯ׸͢ҵЧҼֺηһ򲽣˵ģϱｫᷢս£ҵ˵Ҳһῶǰ
ӺɷܽҵʷƣΪ۹ΪһףӬӪʲô˼ܹһ㹱һͷ­ʲô
һʮСܹⷭ־ҵӺɷΪһˣһ˳ߺôһС
ã
ϲôãⷭѾõĻô˵ϲĻ
ҵһԡ
ѳ
ҵԥն
һɲǣĿᶨһƬѩ
ӱͥ£ڵһջλͨ󽫡ģ

ȥѩڻ︴գת֮µһꡣ
ֹԺУһ¥۴αȣܶݻ
ֹԺмһ߸߹ݽϣϥͬһëһ᲻ϣƽһ㡣
һµʱ䣬Ӱٴξһ㣬ﵽӯĵزһϸָ֦ϣҲԲ֦ȥ
ǹı֡

ϣ峤һĿоâתڻչ
ಣ
۵ͬʱһӰԶһܽڽɫһݼϣȥӯͬèһ
ǺӰʱԶһգۣѾǰ
ӣĲβ裡
ǺӰĵϥϣһڵĲβ˹ȥϸȥǺӰڽ棬񻣬ǰ͹̣£ǰһĵɢǶˣҡһֱߵĹ㣬Ǻˣ
µһ꣬ڽ̹еӰֽһļϣϽͷͷЧӦ֣۵Ľ̹ټ¡
һֱɽϣ̵ѧһ֣ļĸס
ЩḻĽ̹ڣĳ̶ȺͿɿ̶ȣԶЩӶĸҪõĶࡣ
ЩȻҲͳˡ
Ұбһ࣬鶼øɣרڵ书ǰҪǿ˺ܶࡣ
Ļ경֮ǰһأھڰ죬ǰעĻҲⲻ
壬еʱҲ׽ټ
ˣ
ӹнӹɫĸ߾βһڵľ磬βѾǳˡЩ˲ȻЧ
书Խ죬ԽԵԽҪһǱĬĹ̡
Ϸ˴ùעⱣ塣⣬һЩ·˵Ƕѩջ䣬ùעⱣů
ȵβ裬ڵϣͻȻڵ
⻰ͻȻЦ
дһʱ䣬ȻѾټ縺֮𣬵ȴҲĸ׵Ĵߡ
ʱյĹѲͬ캮ѩҲ̫ĸоòʲôů
ĸǱȻôģȻǰǰǸ磬ٲµꡣ
֪ˡʱˡµĻ경ķȥɡ
˵ţѻдõһ˹ȥⱾ书꣬ҲϿԴﵽأصľˡ
һʱ䣬ҲӮΡԼĵˣһǲʹ͵ġ
ಣ
һץ嶼ûôֵģһѾĻ
лӣ
ϲץдķ߬ͷһݡ书ԽߣķԽԽܸо书ķϵĲ㡣
Ѿȫ嵱Լ˵ĻԼĻ경ȱݺͲġ
׹ǿҲӹɵġ
ֻҪܹеȱݣŹԽͻԽǿ󡣶ΪһݿֹͣҲǹ޷ġ
ȥɣ
˻֣֡ھͿԼ縺ֹԺİػΡֹԺڵԽԽҪ
ΪһḻݿͣԼҲʺϷЩڰΣ
лӣ
һܿʧ£ٶȿΪǻþ
ӣ
ڹ뿪ͬʱӰһһ˶Ӱ·ӥһӵԾݼǰ
ণ
ѩঽУӥƳһ۹뿪ķ򣬺ܿǰ
ӣ
ţǱϢ𣿡
̧ͷ࣬͸ոʱȻͬʱĵľϡ
ϵطңԶϢݲ㡣֮ǰʹһΣǻ˵һ֮ûյǵϢӿԷģʲô飬ǻűġ
ӥ
šڿʼҿϢһеŸ룬һִݡȻ·;ңԶǾ·ϰһЩ֣ӼҪϵϢݴ£̵ʮڡһһһϸһּ򵥣ҲԽϢӳ̵С
⣬ĳЩʱйơһִ֮ݣʳŸ룬ǵĿϢͻϾһĴݷʽҲԷһ

ӥ˵ͷ¶һ˿ȻͺС˼⣬ĳЩȴҪܵĶࡣ
⣬ŸҼĳȥĸҸ׺ʹ磡
˶٣ӻͳдõż˹ȥѹڻϵԼĸ׺ʹ硣
ͨǱߣȻ˺˵Ͼ̫ǳܶ岻óȥ档һɳ£ԶԼôá
һ£Ҫ׺ʹｫԼõңҲ˽⵽ܶǲһ˽⵽ϢҲԼʱж
ǣھȥ
ӥһɫ
ָ̽Уӥ͵ķһ̴ٵХֱҲֻƬ̵Ĺֻ޴Ľӿзһһңֻϡ
ӥŷİֻ׳Ĵϣণֻһ߿ԵĽֻͬһ㣬ѸٵʧϷա
忴һĻĵͷ
һӥãһ֧˵ľӻҪǿӥЩӥȸٶѸޱȣϢĴݸᵢ̫á
Ҳǳأмӣ𲽰ԽԽҪ齻ԭ


433 ٵռս
ֻʧ峤һھֻʣǱˡҪϵ⣬ƾ׺ʹԶԶġ
ƵĽƣһǶ򣬸׺ʹµıҲ򣬸ֿסگ˹ı
Ҫϵ⣬ͨ飬ӥҲﲻæҪԼȥ취ô飬ͬʱܵҦҺǵķԡ
ˣ߰ɣ
˸һãô̤ŽɫƬǰȥµƬ˿ͺһſһ
ˣ
һ˴˷ԵһкԺﴫ
ӣ
ӣ
ӣ

վڽɫĹǱԵȥֹֻԺͷͷһƬڣġԵģģȾơȲģϷģġһ㡣
һȥֹԺҲָǰڡѵӪӪ֮Щ˼ǵһʱ뵽ֹԺ
ȥֹԺʶѻɽȫЩѧԱԷġԭѾݻֹԺǱøݻˣ˽𣬸˵ˡ
ֹԺԶȲѵӪȴߡѡѧԱһ֮ģ˵ĳЩܵġ
ĳЩ棬˵ŵľۼӪҲûġҲʹѵӪԽľ
壡
ĿʱͻȻ֮䣬һֹԺرͻأ
ֻһɲǣԭֵֹԺʱ
ֹԺ˶ǳƺΪӡߡӡôֱӳƺ塱֣һò
վܹϣתͷȥһ۾ͿԺķһݰף쳣һ£վȺĿ̧𣬳ƵĿԼ

쳣ˣӥƤһ˳ֹԺ棬Ƿǳĳͷ
磬ʲô𣿡
վڹϣ˫֣΢΢һЦ
ֹԺô˵ûмԺ棬ô˵ģ磬˵λҵ֮⣬Ҳûˡ
壬Ҹһս𣿡
磬˵٣߰Žף巢Լս
ʮĥһʮ㣬ϣڸоһʰķâ
ߣġӣҪǸŮˣ
һͻȻ²´ǹŮװ飬ùˣȴͬΪŮ˵Ĺ㡣
ΪݿͣĹ۲ԶĶࡣ
ҳֹԺ㼸ǵһ۾ϳٵݡ
ӣŮ̫ԸˡҶԹ̫ҪҪȥѵѵֱʧˡ
Ƭ϶ﴫ
ͬ⡱߰Ů˶ôϲ߰ŮˣӼٵĵһۣͼûʲôøС
٣㣬̫Сˡ涯ֵĻ»治Ķ֡
忴·΢΢Ц
ߣС𣿡
棬⻰
ʧЦ⻹治Сƹ㡣٣㻹֪̫١ֻ֪ǸһǸŮģȴ֪ʵͼǿȫǲһĴڡ
ֻڰɵݣŹϢԼΪˡ
һʱ򣬴ûʲôʲô֮ģΪͲǶ֡
ǣͽɡҶסǱߵЩ˾Ϳˡ
嵭
ȻΪ粻٣ҲһԡļƻУٿԼмҪһԱ
Ůںڷʵ̫ǿˣǸŮˣζӵϸ£ӵϸġ
ڵĵ۹սУٵĺ£ֶɵ˶нԼĺڼȫȨ
˲ŸԼϱҲżŶӣ;ĩ·ֵزˡ
һڻԣٻûа취Ტۡ
ڳԼ֮⣬û˷ҲŮϾš
Ϊ˵õŮ˵İԸ⻨ϴʱ䣬ľģ˵ļ롣

һãͻȻܹ֮֮ৼ£ݶӰԺķ
ร
кϷˣ
Ȼսӣҿȥ

ȥֹԺһƬȻһȺ첱Ӵֵľ£˹ȥֹԺս塣
ֹΪļΪ屾Ĳܡ⻹ǵһ˹ս塣
ſֲ´ԭԺķѸپ£һȺˡ
һȺ˴˼ѪһԴʱĻشȴ˵ϡ
Ǻǣ磬˵սҾսҺûбҪӦɣҼǵϴβѾ˵ͲʺϵԺ
屳˫֣Ƶ
ৣ
һ仰ԭٵɫӰɫͳ˺ɫٱɫ
쵰
ͺñѡǳסˣǰȴݼȫסס
壬𣿡
ˣߣ²µ⣬ûʸսҡҪûǴĻѾΰɣ
ȻЦ
㣡
ٴŭױݼԽͨˡһ߰ѵӪԵֹԺܹ
Ҵ׸˽֣ѾˣѾʧȥսʸ޹زɷԲ˶ˡԣ㻹ǻȥɡ
˵ţ־𣬵˵ָȻת׼תȥ
һȣ
ҲǱòᡣҲԸ߰ƽʱܹ衣ԽǲսԽһҪԼսһ
ã㲻ǲ׺Ӯһ֣ҴӦ㣬뿪ֹԺҲ㣡
˵ⷭѾټõġԸǾԲôʾġ
٣˭Ҫ뿪Ҳδ̫ûгˡսҲԡӮˣҴӦֹԺ˱Ҽ㣬ˡҪӦһ
屳٣ֱһָ
ã
ٺ۾ҲĴӦն
ɹˣ
弸ͬʱһЦӹһĨЦݡҪִŮϹɲס
ôõʱ䣬ԼڳɹٴӦԼʣµģô٣Լˡ
ٵһγԼǰڣ˼ʱˡ
һ󼤶ʱһϵȴͻȻӶ
ߣ壬һΪӮ˰ɣ㣬˵̫ˡʿյĿ࿴¹˭ֻһ
ͻȻ֮侲Ц
֪ʲôΪԼӮˣǾʹشˡɲǱûмְգǲóóȻսġ
廹ǰսʤͻһľϲ
ǺǣҾ͵ıˡ
ȻЦһ벻⡣
ˣСӣӮСӣһʹ㣡
ͻȻ֮䣬һͷ˽޻˹ں濴˰ˣ֡ˡ͡ˡ֮Ĺ±ȤֻҪܹһ壬ӣ޻˹Ǻȥ֧һĶ֡
ˣ
޻˹棬ΧһȺЫһ㣬׷ȥֹԺм˾Բǣ޻˹֮һһǵ֡
ֹԺѧĽѵǣ޻˹ԲҪ̫
忴޻˹棬ҲǿЦѡ΢΢һ
л
ߣøӣҺݺݵСӣͿ˳ˡ
޻˹üĿһָ壬
ģҶᾡġ
΢΢һ
޻˹ȴûʲôɫ˵仰û٣˦˦䣬תȥ
ûȤȥأСкϢˣɣ
ٿЦ
ֹԺôã֪޻˹Ϊʲôɫ޻˹ˡ
ֻжһҲû˵
壬ɣһΣһҪΪԼİۣ
ܿת塣


434 һ
Ժ棬ȺֹԺ˶ˡ
һ¥һ
ⲢһκԺ壬ҲǺ壬һ̸оȴͬ
磬ںڻü
ЦĿŶٵ
ߣй򣬻ǲԼɡˣҪˣҪ˳ϣ㼼ҡԺ˵ʱҲҪ
΢̧ףǳһĨ߰Ļȣ͸¶ĳͼı
Ҫʲô⣬ǣһӮˣҪϲԼ
ʱͿԷĻؼңϢҵĲŮǾǵһ
Ȼܻܴսȴܻ壡
ٲǴƵ֮һ
ȻǾûˡκ
ǣӣ
䣬һԵκ罫׼õ̡һɫľ̰ڵм䣬ִףִڡ
ˣ
ʽʼΧȺˣһ˽һ˫˫Ŀⲻʱ˶١
һ֪Щʲô⡣֪ЩΪ䶨ˣЩ֪ʲôش
һ֣ȣ
ٽҿУ̴аʳжָУһö⻬ĺӣʲõ
ԣ
΢Цʿȵ˸ơ
ˣ
ΧʱһƬٵΪǲмΧǾ֮Щֶһ˵
ԼԸ⣬ҪǾǹˡ
죡
ͻȻһȳ⵹ǰһȴŲæһ˵һźӡ
ôŮװҲˣŲҪһֱ˵·ȵα֮ҪĻָԼҲŮ
ʱ򣬿˭ǰô˵
ѵӪǰϢĶûҪΪ˻壬֤ԼŲ衣
壬ˣ

嶢Ŷ棬ȻһЦ֪ʲôǾ֮ȴŮӣӣҲǾӡ
ˣŮӵȨƢ
ã
ˬȻһЦɾ̵Ͻǣ˵һŰӡһ£ݣ϶ʱһԡŵζ
գ
ٶ˵Ҳľ˵ڶźӡ
ȻһƬտǰӡӣûнκξͺս֮ǰĻ̽һ
ս磬Ժ˻ʱʲôŵһԹսκȴ̲סüһоһ
磬һˣ
κƫͷ̲ס࿴ۡ
ٺ͹ӵļսԱ߹սԶٵǳϤ
һεٸĸоǰȫͬ
ǰȻҲҲûֵزĳݵĻͺһɬ۵СӣͻȻȫɳɱһḻǿĳˡ
Ȼ壬·ƮͬѰңʱ򣬵һӺ͵ڶӼûʲô
ζ˼·Ѿ൱죬ǰʱȫͬն
͹Ӻ񰡣
κԺһͷĿƳһԵ塣ˣŴݵӣڵӣǳơ
ֲսӣȷʵ˷ǳ׼
κԼҹгĵģͻȻķ֣ȴκͻȻ
ȻٻûչֳѹǣѾչֳ֮
գ
ЦĿŶ棬һŰӣǿҲĴµһӡ
ûнսһȻһûнӴ̽
ߣ
һ¡һΣչֳԼԵĹơ
ˣ
һֱġоϵʮֹ
ⲻǹӵ·𣿡
ͻȻ֮䣬֪˭˵
һ¶ʱˣϸȥʱԽԽ˳ٿֵ·񣬻ֱȡоʹùİ
һ˫˫Ŀ⿴ٵʱʱ̫һˡ
ںĶУ·Ըһ˸ġΪû˱·Ϥ
ٸôҪôǰ׳գҪôмȵţĥ͸·ȥӮ
ôһ˺ɨԺ£ôҲǸ׳աֻ˵
һɲˣЦҲʧˡ˿ٵĿٺúǰʱȻͬ
һսӣյġ
ԺնȻ΢
Ǹոտʼһͻ֪˭һˡ
Ц
֪ʲôΪԼֻһζĻеģǾʹˡ
ԴϴεĲҰܣһֱԺ棬Ҷûءµʱ䣬ǿɲǰ״ġ
ˣ嶼Ŀ࿴Ÿġϲǡ
գ
أϴǳǳЦ⣬ȫʲôٵһ壬Χ˵ı飬ƺȫԶˡ
Цݣҧгݣа޲ѡ
һ㻹ôЦó
ҧҧ˵ĿӡöӸӵļҲӵĸнԡ
飡
ͬʱĵ¡Ӻǰ漸ӲһӶλֱǣ·֮ǰöӣλһ壬ɵѹԶ֮ǰκһ
壡
Ȼǹ
һпɱˣ

ܳģǶ˽ġһ˶һ
۽һȴɵѹҪĶࡣһĴƣǾֲľ
ٴֹϣͱĶࡣпһĻˣжѡ
ΪԺˣϵȷʵܱȵġ
ߣڳˣ
ϣһСٵ¶һ˿Цݣͺһֻ͵ȳɹèһ
գ
˻ڳһеĸʱٶȻһ£ɫӾһöļ⵶ֱĴ֮С
ֻһɲǣϻ綸䣬ƳһĹƣͽȻ֮䱻֧ķѡ
֮ǰֻȻһĸѹ̩ƣȻ֮䲻ڡ
ıԾõһУԺĿҲ񱻳һ㣬֮ǰһ˲ʧĸɸɾ
ˣֻҪףٵһоסˡһԶ跺ӥ˳
ٵһ壬Ǽȿġ
Ů˲򵥰
ӥƤͻȻ֮䷢֣͹ŮװԺѧ
Ժ֮УȻ֮ѻȸ
еĿⶼ˶壬ٵУ͸˵Цݡ
ʿգĿ൱壬Ϊֻ򵥵ģ㣬Ǿʹشˣľϲںͷ
ٿŶ棬Ŀйâתζ


435 
γ裬ԶǡرһΣΪѵӪĴʦ㣬ûгԹĿܵ衣

һѩǰܣΪԼΪҲŮٵĽϣԼ塣
⼸£˵Щÿһ䶼ʹû֪⼸£ʲôŬ
ʱ䣬ĬĬ˵衣ԺепˣһĹȥԹۡ
µÿһÿһУԿϸϸȥ֮˯ʱ򣬶ڤ˼룬˼ÿһ仯ÿһϸ΢
ֹˣӸ߰еЩûӡ
֮ϣǴϾ塣
һΣΪ˶Ը塣ΪһѩǰܣԼĽȥдµЩ塣
ǳţ߼ףһķѩʱдԺѧЩ塣
н˼£һӭر
츳ԼЩ壬Լʵع۲ÿһ֡ȫģ͸·仯˼룬˿
ڵ壬УѾûؿԣ
Ҫ壬ԺѧǰһͿء
壬ˣ
۹̧ͱˡ
С㣬ģ
ȺصѾߣһĻһСȭ鼤ѡ
ֻ廹ƽЦһ£һ벻ķλٵĹϣһǷΪٷ˹
壡
һĻǰһȻǹӣҪ׵Ĵܹӣôס
ߣҿ㻹ܵ⵽ʱ
ûȵ˻Ȳʼٱ̴аָŵö䵽档
һֱȾֵĵӣӣ֮ǰֵŬΪУҲٴ˲ı֮С
Ժٴαѻȸ
ٵһֻεĴ֣ס˵ʺͻȻЩ͡
ٴҲӦǰٺǰͬٲеô۸
ⳡҪ̶ʱڽҪӮһ׵¡
ӣֱȡй
ӣٵĺϽǡ
ڰӣֱ롣

ԽԽӵٶԽԽ죬ҲԽԽǿٺͿٵ͵Ҳܸоرй壬о·ġ
·ڱ׺ͬʱҼ˵Ŀ·
һ仰˭綼Ϊġ
е鷳ˣ
ȺУκӥüͷ˿ٵĿҲ֮ǰȻͬ
˵ĸоǺǰһȴǿˡ
ʶ⻹ǵһο˺Χ³һռϷ硣
ˣ
ϻڸݣٵĹȻķҲͬ¡
ֱжٵĹ
Ӵٵϡ
ڰӶδٵй

һ˿ˮƽļҶս廹٣˶ĵԷĵط
ȫ˷أȫǼ˽ļơ
У
֪˶ס˺⼤ҵıˡսϾûһǿĶ֣һѹơ
սͽΧߣƲս
֣ţǳֵĽȫһĺ棬սѾսһս
ٴʱչǰģһ
Ǽҵɱ棬ȫ˵עԭвѧϰһˣ֮䷢֣ԭΧ廹
ȻÿҲ壬Ǻȣ̣ͬͬӣ˫ͺµȫһһ
˶չֳˡ

˱֮Ķסʱ򣬼ҵĶ˵һؼʱ̡
壬ˣ
һһֻа˳ϵӣϵĵһɨС
ֵڣ֣һԵӡ
ֻһ㣬ٵˮƽѾԽԺµˡ
ڴ֮ǰûһһ㡣
˭Ц˭Цá磬ھͿʼ̸ʤ̫𣿡
忴ŵ٣ȻЦ
òϣĿǰΪֹ˴ƾ֮⣬Ķ֡
츳֮ߣֱĿǰǰҲѷɫ
ԼȻԺ֮зףԼĽ˵ЩҲǵһ졣
ͨԼѧʵߵˮƽҲʵǾˣ
ߣܳӣܳʮӣ࣡һ֣䶨ˡ㻹ôڴǰɣѾȲҪ˵Щϼˣ
һȻŸ硱ļݣѾȲҪԼˡ
ȻòϣĽܴ󡣵ǣӮһúԶֶֻΣǺӮˡˣҪˣҪӦһ
ȻһЦѣһš
ѼӲ
аޣƳһ̣ô嶼ǴơѾˣô˿ţȻѼӲ˵ֻҲǷˡ
ԽоԽǲԽҪӮԺѾ˺ܶˡ
ǿҵζҪ󣬳׵׵Ļ壬Ӯһء
ߣġҪĻ򵥣һԸģ
˪סһźӣ˵й
ʮӣʮһӣʮӡ
ϣĴԽԽٵĹҲԽԽǿڰӣͬһڰݺύɱҧ
էһȥֻòɱա
ǱĵӥҲ˵ȥˡ
ڰµʮ˲ڳӣӮøࡣ
ֻǲ˶٣ʼɫ˿ҡĸҲò֡
µʮ֣žһһ̱ԵƲҪһԵ
⿴һ֮أһֱŵֳ˾޴ı仯
һֱɫݣŵ壬Ҳһ֮һıɫ
ৣ
ʶģ͵̧ͷ١
һ·һʹʹõκһȫµ·
ٴοһ֡
ӴϣһССĺӺبɫ֮䡣Сȴһɽ룬εĽҺӦָ
壡
ϱӱΪʥҲܳһµüãȫۡ
ڳˣ
һԺ忴ŶҲŮĿеĹâ͸ղžȻͬ


436 ٻʤ
ﵽ־磬ܹƵео١һУǴﵽּ
һУȻǰûȴİ
벻ҵ飬ôͽóĺ֮Ϊһ塣
ипѡ
̵ĵκζͨġһͨͨⲻֻһջ
ﵽߴĿ⡢۽仯ܶණͨġ
Ժ֮£λٶܼʱİ͵ȥ
йӿսϵӣ̱Եӿɺھ飬ٵǿźӾһնĺԴͺڷѿ
۷ʱ򣬺ųƱʥڸе佫˧ļҲǾ񣬵ûкڲһƵɽˮĵز
Զһ׸
Ȼûдﵽ͸߶ȣȴѾԼҵĺ֮֮УֳǸ֮ĺۼˡ
ִʵǾˣıʥ֮ܣҲòϣٵ˺ͷۡ
ôô˵ˣ㲻Ǻ𣿡
ЦŹĻᡣ
˵֮ǰһֱʹ˫֮಻Ļôڣһȥ˲󣬷ǳˡ
ûʲô˵ġһȷʵ
ȻЦϡ
ߣʶࡣ
ٸ߰ף¶һ˿߰Цݡӽֵڣ⻹һ
ƾֶο»ǶԸҡ
һ仰١ˡ
쵰ơ
ŭԼûʶȻжȴ֮ǰ¶һ˿Ů̬
Ժɫֵֹġܿ죬˾ȥˡΪѾһŰӣ䵽ˡ
ͽǿҲǿʦ
ٺ֪ƾѧǴ򲻹ġҪͱķ
ѧϰĿĺܼ򵥡ȥ˽ıȻҵƵİ취
Ĳ²ûдֽ֮ڵķҳԸķ
ҲԼ
ļУһööڰ׽Ӷͣϡ廹ȫҪذܾ֣˵ѾԵĸǿ
տʼܿͼһллᣬڶѾµʮˣ屻䲻һ߽⹥ƣԣһжˡ
ҿ㻹ѼӲã
Ц
ѾԵ൱ˣ壬Եĺӿ»öϣҲȫûʤ㡣
գ
µʮ֣һö£ĽضϽһСʹ֮ϵ
ʮ֣ٺ֮ͱںϵٴγ֣һö似ٴνضһ
ڰʮ֣ٵĺĴ๦Խ
ھʮ֣ٵĺֱӱԵһС
һ֡
һٶʮ֡
һʮһ֡

ٵĺ֮ԽԽҲԽԽѾ֪֮ǰ²Ұܣʧȫˡ
ָֻѵӪǸ˾ηĴʦӡ
ԽԽ죬ҲԽԽиоÿһǲ˼ģȻɡѧϰĵڣ˵µиоҲˮƽӵһΡ
о棬ûʲôܹùԼˡ岻УҲС
λصĴƾҲδĶ֡
α֮һҪ취ǰԼսһⲢλµǰأֻҪӡ֤Լ
˼֮дһεբӣⳡģ˼Ȫӿҵĺ֮ͱϣԽԽ˳ҲԽԽںϣ֮УγԼķ
ֲϳĺӳϣĴԽԽӡһֻǿľʧȥ˺ڲԮһıϡ;ĩ·
ˮԴԣǿľû䣬Ҳһû䣡
ٵĴ
ž
һϣһٻĴλվһ߰ĿŶ棬ⳡĽ
壬ˣһ֣ѾӮˣ
پӸ£һĸֹ߰Ժί˼£ڴﵽԼĿġ
ڻνӡ
ӴԺҵٲ£һµһĵǿƾͿԹս
˭˵ŮӲУپͲκ˱ȵϵģ
ѵӪ˭ҪηֵĴʦ㡣ĵͷƳҲˣһܵ£
䣬ٶЩܱȵϵġ
Ժž˶ˡ˭Ҳû뵽УͨȻ硱
ôܣ
ӥκҲ𾪲ѡ̲ѣݺύȮཻĺڰӲѡ
ȷʵˣ
ԺһƬԵĳĬռֱϢ
˵ĿⶼŶ塣޷֤Լһʵûʸٿˣ̵Ժѧ
ֹԺĵλҲܵҡ
ǵһžͻĶҪֶ֪ǻᷢӦġ
ңֹԺչڣԺӰ£ֹԺеĵλԽԽءҪֹԺˣһҪ飬ͨԺĿԡ
ʹԺĿԣֹԺѧ˵ż
岻֤ԼĺϷԣԼôһжڡ٣پͱʺԺλá
ˡ
ٳһЦ¶һ˿ĪЦݣȻˢһ£⿪ͷϵķҡҡͷ˲Ϣͷٲ˿й¡
ͬһʱ䣬ٵʳָؿڻ£Ǳָͬһٻɫ
գ֮䣬ͬħһ㣬һϮɫ⻬ĳȹ¶ǰ
֮ǰǸܳġ硱ˣȡ֮ģһòǣޱȵľˡ
ۣ
ͻȻı仯˶ˡ
찡磬ȻǸŮģ
Ư
̫˼飡ֱˣҾȻôö֪

˶硱ϵı仯ˡԭΪжʱ򣬡硱ѾݰףŮ˶ʧɫ
ָŮġ硱۶ˡӶҪȻʧɫ
Ҫǣ硱ͬһŮӵĽҲòŷĵšŮûеľ˲
ʹԽľˣҲԽ
Ժпġ硱ˣıȻȻĲһɺøС
ִʯֱ޷赲

Ժͬͷ
̶壬ҲƤ˼¡
һμٵ
ȻҲòϣŮϵĶǣѾͨķ롣
˲ԾҪʶ׽Ϊ۷
˵ҵĲŮò˫Ȼ٣
ڤڤУһԺһΪȻ


437 һöӣתʤ֣
֪ٵʵݣҲ֪ŮġٵʵòȴĳԤϡ
˸㣬Ҳ磬٣ϼĳŮһǰϼҵʱ򣬱һ㡣
ȴ֪뷨ڵĳ˦һ׵Ľͷ˿ĳһȻ
ȻЩۣվǰ
С㣡ۣӮˣ
һдȺдСŮȺг˳嵽ֽУһ˷ܡ
ӮˣӮˣ
СŮвѣֱͺԼӮһ
СѾͷ¶࣡
ʵСŮĺһơ
壬ôɣ
ٻعͷ壬һʤߵ̬һ˸ƣʾȥֹԺ˵Լʤ
ǺǣӮΪʲôû
尲λϣɽһ΢ЦĿԼǰݳһĻʤߵϲá
壬ʤѷ֣ô˿ţòҪڰɣ
ͫһȻ֮ɫ
ңôҲǽң㲻ôûƷɣ
ǣ壬㵽׻㲻ˡǼС壬ѵҲҪ𣿡
СŮԱߴ򱧲ƽ
Χһӱ΢
ٵʤʵ⣬ķӦҲʵ˵ϡֹԺ࣬еǺܺá
ûΪֻʳԵˣǰһĻҲʵúܶ˿ס
ٺ٣û˵Ҫڣ٣ѵ֪һ֣ҵ֮󣬲Ƿֳʤ𣿡òˣһְֿɣ
˵ţ֮УһŰӡ
ˣ
Űһ֣Ժն䣬پͺһһһ
һɲǼ䣬ĳЩ飬ͻȻ֮ϴӺǿŰӣ
û
һȷʵ֣
кȻѾһӣһ֣Ҫȵ֮Ľ
˵ʤδ֣һ㶼ûд
ˣ
һ׹ԺԺͻȻһֲĸоǰϵЦһʧˡ
ٴ壬ȻҲһ
ܿ죬پͻָ
ߣ壬ﻣŪҡѾֵزˣһӶѣҾͲţ㻹Ӯ
Ȼ
Ŀӹֻľϣڰݺύͬһͼ
ٿȷţڵѾԼи֧飬ȫɥʧвԼ
٣ס仰˭Ц˭Цã
˵ĿУЦţԼһŰӡ
һɲǣʱ䶼·ŻĿעУеöӱ÷·ǧ˵ע⡣
ҲԾеöӻƶ̵ķ
پһŰܶԼʲôв̫򶨡̫ˣԾĲһ˿ĸо
飡
ֻһɲǵʱ䣬˵ĸоУȴ·ôڣ飡һصһŰ½ǣһʼնûϵλá
µһɲǣԺضҡ·һӲϣ
check٣ˣ
˵һĻٺܿǾ仰ʲô˼Ϊһöӣ˵Ŀⶼе⴦۵ĵط
䶨һţͻȻ֮䷢֣ԭأ޹ʹĵطһɲͻȻ֮ޱȵҪ
һž޴һʡŴӵһӿʼѾʼ֯һڳΡ
ԭĴɢ䣬֧飬εİӣһɲǣŹؼһ£ͻȻ֮һɱķĴ塣
پ
ⲻܣ
͵۾ŵĿͻȻ֮ת֣ŷ㼱
ûʲôܵģ٣ˣ
ȻЦ˫壬ӣ𾪵ĿУȡԼʱ䣬֯еĵһӹɵٵĵһ
ȻǱ߽ϵһСǵڶ
ԭ飬ӵ̣ͻȻ֮ճһƬȻǵڶƬƬ
ٵĺӺǲͬģĴСɣβˣϡ
ƸĲ֣ʱ򣬷İܱʡ
һƬһƬһƬȵȫӣͻȻϡϡ䣬ԭи֧ġӡռ˳ϾԵơ
ϡĲ֣١Ľʱ򷴵ĵط
ΪѾܴȡκεӡ
Ӯˣ
ϵľһĿȻ㲻Ҳܿó
ܣܡܣ
ػ
ǰȻ෴ʤصһٴ޷ţˣ
һǰڳڡȫռƵ£һ塣
ôܣôܣ
ҡΣɫ԰ײѡ
С㣡
ССŮæ۵ķסԼҵС㣬һ۾ݺݵĹһۡ
һԼСܵôĴѵͲ֪һ
ѾС˻һ㶼飡
忴СŮݺݵҲֻһЦֻ֮Ϸ֮һõȻν
֮壬Ϊշδġ֮Լ£ζá
ܽҵĺ֮Ϊһ壬٣츳ȷʵ
ʩʩȻĽһѵĺɨУȻվ
ϧ̫עؾֲȴ壡ϾǼ򵥵ıƴ֮
һ³һӴͷų屾ơ
Ϊϱӵıʥȫʦǰ˵ⷭ
ٵ츳ȷʵǲҲȻкܴĲࡣһܸо
ǰռƣǺȴΪһöӹһ񣬷ʤΪܡ
ٻʼϲǴ㵣ȫ޷ܡǶ˵һдһʼѾԤϵˡ
ٲĵһ֣Ҳһ֣Ķ֡
У֪Ķ֣һΣյսϡЩ󽫣߶Ұˣֺο١
ʥĳƺſɾԳƾͿ˵ģ
壡
һ䣬Ժӵ壬ѧԱȻҲŻȲʡ
ٵֶʵ̫ʣرһöӣ˲Ϣ֮䷴Ϊʤ׵ת١
ⲻ˼ĵȫڳˡ
һ㣬ΪӮ˴صӵˣǳ׵ıĲ׵ˡ
û뵽Ȼ˵Ĺܣ˵ľʣһص磬ɢ޾ĹâЩ֮
ģ
ӹȻǹӣûóĵط׵սʤ

κӥЦ
˴ûлɹһֵľʻǳ˵Ԥڡ


438 
ٵɫѿѡܵĺȲɶҲǵһѹ
壬Ҳ⡣ҲֻӮһֶѡһ죬ҵ£

ҲԺ¡ڣһȴü޵顣٣ò֮ǰĶԼɣ
һöӣȥЦЦ
ˣ
仰ͻȻͫһ˺Ϊ֮һϡһɲǣͻȻһҪ顣
ȷʵӦˣĻҪ˵ϼԼͬģԼҲһŵԣ˵ĻҪӦһ
һҪ
٣òҪ˰ɣ
ԹɫһʵȻԼ˭ҲΥȴǸŮӣóŮӲǡӡ֮Լǰ취ûС
ߣ壬ҲҪۿ˵͡ȻȲңҲʳԶʵˡ壬ʲô˵ɡ㣬ɲҪ̫ˣ˴ƣͬھ
кޱȣ֪Ͳô¶ݡѾ˵й¶ԼŮݡ
ղ˵ķӦǿҪʲôǷݵҪҪռıˣǰ취ûС
һˣ

޲ôԼ⣬ʱ˵ʲôˣǳ̫Ӯ˰
뵽ȥˣ
忴һԼҪӣҲǿЦá޵£ô˵ҲҪɣ
ģһûô
һָŵ
ֻһҷǳ򵥣ֻҪʮʱ䣡ʮ֮ڣҪȫΪãҲǴʮָܻ֮֮٣𣿡
ˣ
Ժ棬һƬԺӥκһ¶˭Ҳû뵽ľȻҪ
ŮʲôӾȻ˿أ
ӥŲԶҵŮо첻ѡ
˻оӥã˵仰󣬷ǶŮӵǳءҪȻô֣µҪ
ܡܡִľԲ࣬ӥͶǶûִܹӥȲѡ
쵰壬ң
ͻȻһŭУ˶һɫͨ죬ͫмһ˫㱼ƺͻȻʲôĶ塣
ͻȻķӦ嶼һ
֪ҵˣԲԡ쵰ǹҵģ
ٺݺݵĶ壬һɲǣǸȫǸ飬پණ
νͻȻ֮һԴܹģıѾõĽ
仰˵ʵԼ֮ǰѾ֪Լݡ㣬˸ԼĶľ֡
ͻȻ㣬ܹŭ
ͷβˡɣɽϵĵһ죬Ѿݡ
һΣԺﱻӣԽԽǹģҲԽŭڡ
С㣬˵ʲôأ
ҵľŹֵСŮһԻˡС˼Ȼ֪ǵݡ
ôܣ
Сͷβ͸û¶ԼݣңСŮװʱǲܴģСѵӪ˶һϵó˵ˡ
ǰСŮװ
ôܣСǵһΰ
С㣬㲻Ҫ˵˵Ҽҹˣ
ô衱Լҹӣӥ̲סˡ
㣡
аŭȻû֤ݣٸоԼֱԲд
٣ò뷴ڰɣ
ʱ򷴵΢΢ţЦЦ
˵㣬㣬ֶģʹթ
ɫһϣʱ˵ˡ
ȻŭڣٲòϣһֶģȷʵûʹκֶΣϣԼȷʵŲСĲࡣ
ֻǲϲֱŪĸо
ȻǹƽģǾԸķ䡣ȻҪڵģȷʵҲһ취ûС
˵̯̯֡
ò˵ԶԶԼԤڡʵȷʵһ㲻
ǳ֮ʱ÷ǳ֮ơ
ٵʵԶԼǸ߰һ㶼޻˹Щѷɫ£Լշ
ջǻΪµͽ۹Լ鷳
ˣ߻˵Ѵʱ䣬óϷ׷Լ
ȴظ֮թҲֻҪĿȷģǳһ֮˽岢Щǳֶշǡ
οģԼûʹκεֶΣȫƾʵʤ˵ףʤ̫С
ɫ粻
ԺҲǾĵģǸСŮҲ˵ˡһֶѾͨĶķ롣
Ҳͨļ壬ܴӦǲӦһСŮܲ͵ġ
壬ҲҪۿ˵͡һ廹ԶŵСˡȻ㣬ҾһġҲ⣬Ӧ㣬ҲȥǷǷݵ顣ҲӦǿҲûá
ٺݺݵ
ô˿ţٵĸ߰վʳԶʵ顣
ġʲôǷݵ顣ʱ֪ˡ
ڰֵ֪ˡ
ŮҲǸ߰ĺܣԼָԼһ٣ڻԼкøвŹ֡
Ҳû취£ֻԺȥ취ıԼ̬ȡ
壬ڵġ
˵仰ûʲôĵˣһͻȻˣתȥ
ζģͻȻ֮Ͷ˸ʮҵúܡҪʱú롣
С㣬ȵҡ
СŮæ׷˳ȥ
壡
뿪ͬʱԺٴαһĻٵĶԼʲôȷʵһ־ޱȣ˼ܵĶġ
ǻȼգ˶ǿҵ顣
ȷʵǸ߰ȴֵ𾴵Ůӣ
忴뿪ķ΢΢һЦܿ춨˫ֳŷ֣ܿվ
ӥ߰ɡ
кһ
µʱ䣬ڳɹзδصġ֮ŵĴʯͷҲ
ڣڿԿʼˡ
ϲɹշ٣ıδˡ15㡣
żʱһڴѾõ·һڶ
Ц
ԤϵĲδҪȻ㽱ġ
ϴζһ͸ԼӦԡʱ򣬱ֻʣ24㣬Ǽ15Լٴӵ39㡣
ҲԼôʱշ١
15㣬Ҳǲˡ
΢΢һЦܿż
ڸоԼԽԽյ֮ʯлľˣ


439
δȥк
ǵȸϣӿɫڡȸĵطһ主ûʡֺľ¥ܷܶһŵĴ洫е
Ҿһ
Ҳһ
ӺٷˣǾǷʲôӢۣǣӣôֵܣ˭
ҵԺ˭ҶԴ˭ҵĵˣ
˵ôеûģҶһǳͿⱭˡ
ͺӣĵһٸ

¥Ķ¥ͷüãｻӰɫ죬ΧһɫԶˣͣľơ
Ȼᣬɫеľƶ߲ܡֻ൱ɣÿκȾƵʱǳֹڴմʪһ£ƿ˾Ʊ
ԣܡһڡȻûаԼŪ̫ȴͬʱʧȡ
ԴӺһ֮⻹˵һξۻᡣе˶ǳӣμӺĴԱˡ
ˣϣʲôʱٳȥжһΣ
ϵշǳ֣ϯһԭǹӶֵĴԱ̲סʵһ仰ʳ˵һɲǼ䣬˶˾Ʊ뿴վλϵһĿС
ÿһεĺжȻأױ쫷Ĺܡ
ıթ;и˲ٵˣȴҲ˻˷Ļر
ԾˣȻǳϣܹٴγǰϡ
˵ʵҲټǵԭ򣡡
仰Ŀţķ˾Ʊ
Ҿʱ䣬ٴγǰ⣡
һ䣬ﶼǾĵġ
˶סˣʵĹӶִҲһĴ͡˶ǵá
ϴηֿʱѾ˵ڣԲκεж
仰ҲʣҪ֪һȷʵʱ䣬ûָĻٴγ
䣡
ڶݵصĳĬ֮󣬷ͻȻһĻ
̫ˣ
ڵ仰ˡ
ʲôʱ򿪴ǵýͭͷܴȥͭͷһһĸ档
ǣǣܴȥǶһ棡

ɫ죬˷ܲѣȹڻҪˡ
ȻᣬǷ籩ױˡǳ̲ǴԱڶһδġ˻Լıˣһδε߳״Ĵ
ڴϣСģκߵʵԺʹȻ࿹⡣ִΣ߳ΣյããĴǿҪҪ
Ҳ˶صԭ
һͷüõĴϣÿ˵ĴڶֲɻȱģΨĴǲɴġ
ûûƵĺͼ֪ҵЩȺ
ãã޼ʵĴУûġ
ĬȻž¥Χ˵İ飬ĿҲĻһ¡
Ȼһںϵİ
ĬĬ
ӺʱǸ˵Ҫúܳһʱ䡣ڼһ֮ȴȻ֮пյġ
ھǵݡڡʣȴûеõԭķɣǿģͺʧȥʲôһ
˼˺ܾ֪֮ȱʧ˵Ķʲô
Ǵ󺣣
޾еĺ磬̵ĺˮ޾籩кź
Щˮ˵ڴϴϳһµˣ󺣾ͳһ֡
ԭǲŵġ
ڣȴˡ
һεգͻȻ֮ף֮ƽƽֵҪġ
ҪݼΣգ޾ĴȻ޾󣬻Լĸо
ҲһɲͻȻһ־
ӴԺԶ޷ƽˡ
Ҫ
ŶˮֵĻȲʣоڷ·ʲôѣ¶һ˿Цݡ
ϲȫѪڰĸоֻȺͬͬˮУܸоԼ·ֻ˹
ЩͷԺһӶܿͻָ
ȱ˵̫ˣ
΢Цŵ
׼ҲҪ¶µʱ䡣Ҫ⻹ҪµĴ󴬡·ʳˮЩҪġںҪϰʱ䣬ЩСĿ
ûϵҪʲô
һȺ˷׷׵շǳҡֻҪԳһʲô
Ҳǹԭϴ׼㡣ΣΣǶҪϸȫ׼Щһ˿Ը㶨ģҪҵİ

ģҪʲôܷԸǡ
˺Ųӣе
¡
ۻֵʱͻȻ֮䣬һ޴ĺ¥´˵
űһӵ
ô£
˷¾¥׷üͷ
¥ȸҲһĶ¥ϯ֮ǰҲѽû飬ԲҪš
Բ
ôģ˵ǲҪš
ƹйһʣ
вԥ˭˽˾ۻʱ˴ţв졣
ֻоЩԡǻ룬һĽŲ˼·
Բ𣬶Բ𣡡
¥ƹĻҪ죬Ƭ̵ʱ䣬һƤɫеƹͳ¥ݿڣǰ
ѹõ͵͵ģӣһߵǸһ߲ͣ㲻
λ͹٣ʵǶԲ𡣽СѾ˰ˣλϽ뿪

ƹĿڵĵһ仰¥ڵ˾ǲȻɫ䡣˰ʼˡ
ʲôЦûи˾Ͳˣʲô˸Ҹǣ
ƹģ֪֪ʲôʱģ
ڿЦ㲻֪ˣ

ңʱͻȻϣ˲Ȼŭǳסġ
ʱҲжŭ
һǽңҽʱյĵλҪһ¥ϳȥ׾ٵ顣
ûôοĵһξۻᣬҲֻǰ˶¥Ĳ־Ȼһ¥Ͷ¥Ĳְᡣ
ԸԵˡǶԷһԲˣҲ̲סЩŭ
ƹģʲôˡ
ӵȻû˵꣬㱻ˡ
ң
һᡢԵͱ˵Ũҵζ¥ݿƮδ䣬飡һֻͭ׵սѥȻһ̤˾¥Ķ¥
һɲǣضҡ¥·֮
¥ڣ˶ʱΪ֮ɫ䣡



440
ɽϣһƬž
ɽİɫУһۼĴе鷿䣬һοյģ㣬Ϊľ
֮һһ߰칫
ԺģѾȥ£ԼֹԺͷǱߵ飬ĴֹԺᵽɽϡ
ȫĶϵ棬漰˼ʮӣگ˹أдǧͷһʱܹ⡣
ֻܹһȥ취
ӥд϶ͨ׼𣿡
׼ˣ»׼һѾ϶ˡ
ţͨĹϵ봦áԺǻкܶҪ򽻵ĵط
ס
⣬ٶ׼һƽ𣬸ҹϣ֮ɣ
⡭ˣѾĻƽѾļƻ߳ܶˡǳؿ޵׶
һţһа˵ˣ⣬ҰŻŴˡ
ǣӣף

͸ӥ岻ϵķһ
ӣӣˣ
ʱͻȻһУɽ͵
飡
ӥûзӦһ˴ײһҵľװĴײ˽
ӥüͷͬ塣
ʲô飬ôŻŵģ
Щõ
װĻԲɽĻǵǰ˵ĻϽԴ
ңֻŻŵҲϲġ
Ļڵϣȴûпɫһ
ӣˣү˴ˣ
װ罬˵ĵһ仰ڵӥɫ䡣ǻû忪ʼ˵ĵڶ仰˹
үˣ֪ߵЩӣҲȫ˴ˡҲӵϵʽص֪ͨӡ
˵仰װڵϣʱһ
ʲô
͵һӣһλϻվ
ôܣʦصأӽ£ʲô˸Ұˣңôˣôܻˣ
𾪲ѡļƻУռзǳҪáܶƻȱûչ
ҪǣԼ壬ȫġ
𾪵ĻǸл˵ʵȻ˴ˣһˡǵãԼ߿˲ٻԼ˺֮Ҳշ˲ٸ֡
һ˸˵ǰˡ
⵽ʲôˣ
м
ھʦֵط൱͵ˡҽҵݱϾȥ۸һ˾ͲˡȻ赽ҵͷϣһӽֵط
һ̣Ƿŭģ
²ֻ֪˵˵һȺˣΪ׵ʲôֵܡ
װڵϵǻû˵꣬ͱһԵӥˡ
˵ֵܣ
֪
ŤͷһԵӥ
ǣǾʦһðȵĺ¹ⰲֵĸˣ˵·ǡͬΪգԻΪֵܡΪԵļжǳ͢ĺ˽ڳ͢ı߾ҪְλȨأھʦ֮кЩӰ죬ں֮Ӱ󡣡
ΪǵȦӺͺ˻ûʲôϹҪҵĵҲϡҦңֹԺЩҾţʱûи߹ӡ
ӥ˶٣
ĸպ˷ֱǰ꣬Тڣɽһû˵ͳ͢ޱйء
¡
ӥû˵꣬Ϳһ¶𺳵ɫͺܵĳ־޴ĳһ
ӥôãҲϿ˫ŭȫѪҺһ˲ӿɫͷϵһ͹𣬿ɲ
ӥ˵Ǽ˽ʲô֣
ȵļȴ쳣侲侲ĸоһ㡣
ļȼļ侲γĶ֣ϵһܵϵ֣ȵ̧ͷ
꣬Тڣɽ
ӥû˵꣬оһ¡¡ĸ죬Ψһƿ˲䱻һɴײӥֻǰһģĺӰѾӰ
ҵеĻȫֹԺҵ㡢κȫֹԺеĻ
ٻ֣ͷ飬̸ϻأ
ټͳ֪ͨҪȫԮ
ټԾ䡢֪ׯƽΤ˼ȫ˵Ƽң߻̷ܷأ
߾ʦǽõҴ壬ɳõĺ֡˵Ƿһ飡
ټټ
죡

һ߼Ѿʧɽµķ
ӥʹסˡ
¡
뿪ͬʱһ޴ޱȣϿյķӶؼƹ
һʦΪ֮ҷ·һܾܵ¡¡ת
ҵĸ֮СɽϡֹԺоżҡƼңԼҽõҴУĸַӿ
ֹԺУеĻ͸ȫһա
ɽϣһֱ֮еԾ䡢ׯƽΤ˼ˣڽӵͬʱѸ뿪
ͬһʱ뿪ģɽټĽ̹١
ҺĴبĸУҲڶ̶ʱͻȻΪ֮һգķ˵ش
ĸʦ֮н䱸ɭϡܣ̶Ѩĵطʱһγա
״̬Ӱ쵽˾ʦеĲҴ壬嶼յͬʱɳеĸ֡
û֪ʲô˶Ƶĵĸо˲һɱٵζ
ھʦ˵Ҵ壬ϰҵĵ͵ǫѷģĵǰδ
Ҫˣ
ҵ԰һǴļ̧ͷܲϿգֳǵɫ
ϻ̧ܹţ߳涼˱ܡ
Ȼ쳣ĵ͵͵ܶʱǶǵĴڣҲǵ۹ļ֮һ
ұϾǵ۹ϵĽңһֽһӣȻˮ׸չǰ

Σ֮װ
뿪ɽͬʱû֪ʹһͻȻ̫ԱһɫԲ̨ӹ
һɫԲ̨ĹһȦһȦ·̺ĳһ
и£ͻῴɫԲ̨ͬһ޴ġ̡ǶһȦȦطš
ǹ̨
ʹϵĽ
ʱ˿̣һŰ°ۣ¸صߣһϻǣ磡


441 ɽ
ռǣռмҪĵλ
̨ΪռǵĵطǵλȻÿһλ۵ء˵ǻӹǺɣÿ
ʹ֮У̨ΨһԳ޹λƫĽ
̨ĽףҪʱ˺͡
ֻЩ˸Ӧ֮Ĺ򡢷򼱾粨ĵطʺϽֻ̨ʦֻ̨ܽһؼΪŨҵʱ򶯹пܽɹ
ͬʱģһ
ǧǰʼʵȻųǧһۣ׿޵ۻȺӣӸǿǰǿʢǰʦķ˼ʮʱ䣬ȴʼûܽɹ
󺺽ǰصĻŽԼĹ̨
ƹռ嶼һռ졢ģ
죬Դȡ
ȴܹ۲쵽ģпԿߣһҶ֪⣡
ʦ̨ȻܿȫòȴԽ˿̽˵һǡ
׹֮ףǱ˰
Х׷ڹ̨ϣмѡ
Ϊеʦ֮ףָףǶ׹Ĵ֮ȴδ
˾Уڹļػǰĩʱ
ӹ̨ϻվ𣬰׷ԽԽҴҵ뿪ˣ˻ʹ
ͬСɣϵ۹Ĺˣ뾡ıʥʡ

ǻƼҡ
ҳԱˡǳ԰ɣ
ϯϣܷһɫ󽣣յϢͬʱһƿӣȻѸٵվڻƼ˴㵵ĿУʧ˴⡣
û֪ʲôܷǵڷԼ뿪֮ǰԼԼڻƼҴһ£ڴڼԲǰٻԼ
ܷ֪ʲô£֪Ǳ߾ǳˣ
գ
һƥսֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ܷʧ˻Ƽҡ
ͬʱ뾩ʦԶĳطһֻŸշ£ٵϣһĶ۸һӣסŸ롣
ǡʦ֮еǳʲôˣ
ֿʮ𼱵ż㣬һƬ㵡
뿪ʦִԸǸѾкܳһʱ䡣Ӧ֪Ǹ鲻ġ
ңϴΧﲻͬһεǾϣϾϣϾˡ
һΣмֶоһɼģζǱܵģָоһֲ
ʲôĵ֪Լûж飬ǾԲԼҪԼ뷵ؾǵġ
ݣ
Ŀйâ仯ֳƬ̣ͻȻͷһžʦ۶ȥ
ʲôӵԲΥ
㡢κӥԾ䡢֪һͬͷ˵ԺС
ĴģǰδҲδȻȻɻ󣬵˻ѡ
ΧһΪ֮ͬҲ֮ҡ

¡
һ޴Ǻ·һ޸ͷƤӹһХһƬƬͬӿо顣
鿪ʼһһ㣬һһ㣬ܿһһߣһܴܣĴҶϣ۲ϣɽϣٵϣ·ϣžž
ؼܿһƬ
·һбϣʱһڴмٱۣյ쳹һƬ
ʦΪһΪ֮ɻʱ򣬴ʱ˿ȴֻһ֪еԭί
ûԼַʽõǸ˵ϢǸԼϱӵ޵Уңôľڡ
ɽ
ӥԶ֪Ǹֵʱ˶𺳡
ҲԶֶ֪ζʲô
ڵ绹ĬĬţ֪һ磬ȴ˲֪˲
ΪһָƴѣʹӴĵ۹ķѣ
ҲһЩߣһǳƽ٣硣
֮СҲĹУ
黢Хӥ䣬裡
ֹԺ廨˾޴Ѫ;ģڵЩЩ׵ס
ĳɳ֮ǰǾ׶ֵġ
ܹݻǸˣԸеЩ
֪ЩߴӺζһ֪ģܹǸˣôһоܹ޴ĸı䡣
ûͽ˵һоԶᷢ
ɽһҪ
˫ͨ죬ݺݵս˫ȭһŨŨɱϳ𡣼ݣཬǰȥ


442 ɱ
ХһϷŨܵӹԭϸϸܵС꣬ѱꡣ
ӣף
ҵĻһһңڵϣǼɵսס
ֱֹԺĻׯҵؼҵҵĸ֣۵ĽֹԺĻֹͬԺĳԱȫ˹
ձ䡢ɱĴϡϣȴһ㣬˭Ҳûжһ¡
壬ô£
˵һӧǹһƥ֬ɫĴȺԽȸϽӵϢ˸Ϲġ
ĶǺѣ˽ġĵԲ
𣿡
岢ûֱӻش𣬶ǿڵ
ϻңһϹ𣿡
ŭ
ҪɱһأҲޱ𣿡
Ťͷ
סˣɫģ˿оƽֱǱıɱΪ֮һ
ʶôãûмӵ塣
㣡
ͻȻһЦȴ쳣ļᶨ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪеֹԺҲ֪Ҫɱʲôˡţɱ޹ˣ
Ҫɱһˣһиɡѡǻȥţȥɡ
˵ɣɱ˭ôʹ޵ģһͨˡ˵ɣȥɱ
ǹһ裬ݡš
ûϵףוּ忴ǰͻȻ¶һ˿Цݡ
һľӪһеõ˻ر
εֻҪֹԺˣˡ
ûԵɣҲûʲôֻΪһЩ˶ˡ
һԵɵκ
һɲǣЩжޱȵԺ

սףͷɫͬһƬĵƬˮлһﵱȣǰ۶ȥ
֮һˮХԾ䡢֪²áׯƽΤ˼һȺϸ̵εĽ̹ȫðŴ꣬Ӻ
ӣȥ
ԾӺ׷
Ծݳ㣬һʱ䲻ϢԽǿѿ侳ż
ƥ˶ս£һȦɫľ⻷вͣ񵴣ĺ
ӥ֪𣿡
ûлش𣬶Ťͷһߵӥ䡢ɱ
Ѿˣڳڵȸϵȸ¥
ӥ
ʱ䣬ȥȸӥʦͳͳΪĶĿôʱѾ㹻鷢ĵصˡ
ߣΧҪһѣ
ǣӣ

ڳŴڻһɺҵĻĴبϵĻҵĸ֡ͳͳڳŴųĶĬĬĵȴ
Ⱥݳ㣬ݳͳԵΪͻ׳˶
Ѿһκͳˣȫף׳һֵļͨ񣬾ǰĿҲ֮һ
û˵ֻǵ˸ͷϲ˾ʦ֮С
ԽԽվݣһҵͬ޸һ㣬ͣա
ӹɲǣؼʱΪһƬ硣
ˮסߡеһжڷ׵ĹâХķˮһƬ
ϵѾǳϡ٣ֻߵ¥ˣһӰӰӰ´£Ծʦ֮Ըҵ̽ӡ
ʱѾ޷ˡ
ԽԶȸԽȭͷԽ۾ѪѪġ
Ļ治ͣĸԺźɱ޾Ѫɫڶ߻졣
ǰļܿһͣĴԺи֡
û˱ȸ¥Ǹζʲô޴أ⽫һƽ١
Ǹ˴Ӷϯµʱ޴ؽʬɽѪֱ㣬ΪС
ĸ֡ùáԾ䡢ԼսսѣЩԼΪиԼǰԼͳͳΪ˶
ϱӣһзʱû䣬廹ڵƮǸͳڶʹޱȻԻ͵ĵλԼֻһ΢ûӡ
Զȥʱľ
ϱԼû飬һԼһҪ
ɽҪ
ȵɱӿնŤˡ
¡¡һ̣ĸٶȥ
ȸƽˮֻһܴܴĵˮеƮҡĴ棬žž
Χһܣ
ֻһ˲䣬ƽͱ״ơ
ХڱУȸ¥ΧסಣһӰԾ䵽Χϡ
֨֨Уһشطļ˸űĹâ˷׼ĸûʵȸ¥
Ծ䡢κ֪²áׯƽΤ˼˶ȸ¥
ɢĿֲɱ
һɲǣ˶֪ʹޣҪɱ֮˾¥֮С
ûκεԵɣжһɱ
ʶôãɱ޹ˡҲٶһʹޡ
ʹϴαͬƣ˳²õʱҲֻǽѵǷ뿪
һʹޣӣ˾Ը
¡
һ̣޴ĺУһֻ̺ſֲݺݵȸ¥ĴţһŽȺصĴ˽
ڴŷɳͬʱˣЮ޾ķ꣬ȸ¥С


443 һ޵У
ˣ
ȸ¥߱ĺƱյｻűƣ˽ʱ򣬾¥ںһ̶ŭ
쵰ʲôˣ
֪֪Ѿǰˣ𣿡
ҹȥҪȻǲˣ

ͬŭʨȺĺ˽ţԻ籡˵Ըôܹ͵ģУŵݺݵֱ˶
һ̣еĽŲȻֹ
ΪǷִ˱ǻҪ࣡
ɱǣ
һӣðŴ˽䣬ɱζ
һɹɵˮܽ׷϶ӼֱۡŽȥִսѥСϪɹɵ
һ̵壬
Ϣûмġ
ӣ
ǰѾ¥κ˶ԾŤͷʦصأɱô˿ɷͬСɡ
Ȼıȴû˿ı顣
֣
һ䣬ؼҵҵĻȫӿͬȺ档
ؼҵҵĻȫǴսԷΪְɽ
ֻҪǵɽǻ𺣣ԥǰһ˫ִûմѪȵֹԺѧǾȻͬġ
¡
еׯҵֹԺĻҵĸȫбһףִŵͬһһݺݵĳȸ¥ֻһ˸ȻݺݵնȺ֮С

Ѫ쭽ҽ֮ڶֻһ֮䣬ʮ˱ݺݵɳȥ
ɱǣǾȻҶ֣
ĺ
ۻᣬ߻٣ټЩԱһӴĿû۸ǡ
忪ʼ֣Ϊʲôᱻˡǿȸ¥ڵ֪ˡ
ȸ¥ʦľ¥֮һۼĺ˾һ֮ࡣ
Щһִ˱ûߡƾߵЩǶԸǵġ
ֻϧб
ɱǣһ
ᣬɱޱȡ岻ƲƣȲƱڵӣ
ʥʮ꣬Ӧûһνʱ򡣡ʱѾʼбˣ
Ŀ磬ɨΧ侲ޱȡ
ȸ¥ЩˣŸ죬廨ţһЩǰڴﻹ֪ЩǱ߾еĺˣǾʦĺ̡˻
ڴƸأ׽һλǳ裬ύ£ı˫
ǳҴӶϯ£֮ʼ˶£ˣǺˡ
û⣬Щȫ£ġ
պЩҲµĻ֮Դֻײڴ˾ۻᣬġ
ΣЩԲ
˸
㹻ֶԸһ¥Щߣɫ䣬̤ϵĽŲֱ¥ȥ
ʱͣ㣬ǣʱȸ¥ڣԽӽŲԽĻɫԽ侲
ϻ˻ʱ򣬽ƻԽᣬԽ㲶ʳʱˮԽƽΧԽİ
뱲ӵģԽǹؼʱоԽƽı¡ֹֻˮܱ侲ֻ侲Ųʧ֣

һ¥Ѿ¥̤ϵĽ¥ϲ㣬ȸ¥ĶһƬȻ
ĵ׷׳ʣڶһɹϢսɱζѪȵϢ͸ľ
Ϣ岢İ
Ǿ˵ζһɳþѪľˣ
ǵʲôˣ
̤ȸ¥Ķ¥¥ݿڣ˸һ˲ӰΧ£
һ¥Щ˲ͬ¥ĺȫףһѵأ
Щ˵ĺ󷽣һʮ꣬ӥĿĽ˶ȴ¶һ˿ʵ䣬ɫĿԼ
һ¥ĺ˲ͬ˵ǺԣһǻԲһ˵Ǻˣм嶼
˵ԣͬԼ
Ŀһתûֱͣм䣬һ΢֣ԲǺܸߵĺϡ
棡ǰ֮С罫ı仯֮ĵ⣬֮ʱ伫ǰʣʱ£
ΪʹԼΣգκξҵ˱仯ӡ
Ϊ֮Сܵ־ı֮СӣʧܻӡԺÿĿһΣĿܵӳ־ͻһΡ
ɹɱĿꡰ֮Сܵ⽱֮СܵӳԽ࣬ǿлɱĽԽ󡣵ǰɹ400㣡

ŤͷȥͬʱԺ֮ʯΣաͬһ
Ȼȴȫš
һ̣ʱ䶼·ֹ˫Ѫ죬е˶վԱߣ΢ֵӰ档
ɽ
ǽпɽǽаɽֻ߸֣һһֻ߶ٸֻأ嶼Զǰ
ˣ
ˣԼּˡԼҪҵˣǰĿɽԶûкô֣ҲûԹôʱ
Ǿۣ廹һ˳
ҵˣ
ݺݵȭͷԽѪ졣
ӵġյ㡱õĺãܳ׵ĸıԼˡ¥˵ġյ㡱ԼŭҦ磬Լ͸ıҵˣ̫¼˵ġյ㡱ı̫̬ȣȻҲ͸ıˡ
ɽʾˡյ㡱һӣԼʮʱ䣬նɱ˿ɽǸʱһжѾˡ
ǰʾԼĻᡣ
ҲûϵˣὫԼ쵽ġСǰû⣬⻹ǿɽһ뾩ʱ
ڵԶûкôǿҲԶûôĻûЩ߹䡣
һҪġյ㡱
ܹɹĻɱԿ϶˽ᷢı仯ԼҲԲҪһʮʱȥԼʹ
ʯ䣬ЩͷԺܿͻָƽ
ɱ
Ŀһҽǰ̤˵ĿУͻȻһָ׼ԱǱ΢֣һԲ۵Ӱ
һȣ㵽ʲôˡ
ʵ䲪ȻŭҪֹ塣
鷢ڣ֪ô¡Щ˴˾ɱȻ˺ɱҪˡ
ȴûк˼ȻɽôӦþǰֵˡ
Ȼֵ֪Ϊʲôֻ˳Ѿĵˡ
һõıȻзʴֵԭ򣬵ĵȻȴӸĸ࿪ʼ
˹ǿʳǿӣҲվȲԼڲʴ
գɽѾХµʱⰲֵܾеһԱ
¡
ûںĺˣɱһɱɱһٸҲɱ´ʱִֻС
ֹԺһ壬иԮĸ֣Щһһκ˶޷ӵ
¡
âһһĺƴХ˲û˶ĺ˸֡
ǹͮ
ʱ򣬵һж֧ĲǱˣľԼҵĵŮͮ
Ϊ빲ͬ飬ͮûм˵һˡ˲ͬͮûôӵ˼
ȻҪɱһˣôԼǡ
ûΪʲôûºô졣Щͬ飬Ҫɡ
ξΣȻҪɱһˣ˾Ը
¡
⻷𵴣ըڶֵͮĲǾǰ׼ҵİ˼⣬ҲǾҵǬ߷Ӣ֮ǴӻƼҸĻܷ
λʦӻʪ͸ĿȴޱȣҲһ缴ĸ߰жһŵǧŮһŵС
ȻӦ˻Ƽҷ壬׷壬ܷͻὫԼŵԼеס
¡з·һףܷӰ˲ڶȺУָ˸һĹâֻһܷһ侳˸־⻷ͻָӡţ˲ϢѣѪɽ˸ȻѾֿˣȻ߷ݰɳȥ
ܷ֮ǿսʿһɳȥ˻ڿУѾܷǿԵ席ûأѾʬˡ
֣ɱǣ
겪Ȼŭ֮λߣξۻҲû뵽Ȼַ⡣
Ҫ֣ʲô飬ҵģ
Ҳ˺ݡ
ӽΣЩ˼ȻҶԼ֣ǾͲʲô·һ
켴ȻѾѵһֺηɱһ˭Ҫǲ۾Ǻ˾ǣǾ·
ĺôܣ⾩ǰֵ˽λûаڲƽ£
Ҳǰ


444 ɱɽ
ǰеĺûܹãΪһ̣бһ
ݶХĿ籩궼ڵס
ݣ
ɰǧÿһ̺ǿȺ˷۶䣬ֻһľ죬ǽڣһѰĿ׶˷

ĲҽڶںעǰϣûϵĹ
ôľ͸ǽ޷赲ֻһɲǼ䣬ĺ¥Ĺˡ
Щ֣ȫ֣ÿһĹ̺ǿĻǿ͸ض䴩ͬʱǵɣ˵εĶڵ档
һЩǿĺ˸Ȼ壬һܼȻɢֻƬ̣ض­
Ѫ罭һ㣬͸˵ذ壬ʵ²㣬һ¥ںŵþѡ
֣Ȼ֣ߣߣ
ɫ԰ײֹ
һξۻᣬһ¥ھʦĺ˸֣ܹа֮࣬ȫ侳ϵĸ֡
ӽ侳ĸֶࡣ
˵飬߹ʵսĸ֡ԭΪƾǺھʦ߶ˡ
û뵽֪ʲô׺ꡣ
֪һ˿ġһҴġ
ǰ
ҪǣԷ־ȻԼ࣡
ߵ𣿡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ڵһ֮ȸ¥ͻȻһĴЦЦףͷһȻ˵ǺǻԲͨ󽫡ҵ
ҵ־ϰһںЩ˽̸иûܡ
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬δ䣬һӰײȸ¥ǽڣײһ޴οӶϷ˽
˱һȳ˻ߵľȸֽԵüĿ
ˣڳֵͬʱҵ˲֡
¡ʯ䣬һͷƤϢͻȻ˵ĸ֪Уһ¥ͻȻΪ޾ĺҹ漴һʮɳľ޴ֺƵޱȣħһ㣬һԲ˴ն
¡޴ȸ¥ֽһ㣬ڿֲһΪնϡһֹи¥Ҳͬʱи˶¥кˡ
ҽľ塢εһƬ
վڵķϣֱӾͱɳȥѪ쭽
侳ǿߣ
ҽһоޱȡ
ϼ屾ͻʵ佫ңѧԨԶֻΪܵͻżɱͶ˴ơ
ˣһȴڡ
һﵽؾͿɼһߡۻᣬͷҪԭ
ҪһĻ׾ͻ侳ǿߣһ侳ϵĸ߽ǿߡ
굽ʲôͷ
ڻɵ˲䣬Ժ־ֺֻʣһͷ
ЩӴ侳־ˣ侳߽׵ǿĸÿһǴͷײܳ˱ˡ
Ҫշ侳ǿ߾һ壬һġ
굽ڶ֪Լˣһجһ㣬ȫǷ
壡
¥ڣʵǿİ걻һɣ޴ľ¥ǱһΪ׺ޱȵںж־ʱ߽⡣
ߣ
һ˲䣬лŵĺ˸ַ׷״ѿľ¥һ㣬ðŴɢܡ
ӥɱ
͹Ŀ磬ûĺˣһ˫Ŀεʮ⣬һӵԶ΢Ӱ
ϱӻһѷỹԣɽԶôĻ£ԣԶӵ죬Զһ
ֻϧξǳжôĽƻӲ
ˣ
ʮ⣬ǵ΢ֵӰƺӰȻһͣٶȸ죬ٳŴһƥսȥ
ȥͬʱһӰӥһ㣬һߣҹ
Ǻ󷽼׷ġӥ
Ȼӥٶȿ죬һӰӥҪ졣¡Ӱһ֮ǰһĻٴγ֣һֺĵֺƵޱȣȻ֮գԶǵ΢ֵӰն
ؼʱ̣ҵڳˡ
һж̾ҵҵϾûмɽ
ԭΪʵߣϢǿľҪɱĿ꣬ڿȻǡ
նĿ꣬ҵ˵ҲӰ졣
ں֮ʵߵİ궼Ķ֣˵ʵİɽˡ
¡
ڰУѿգ׷ȥɵʱһ˭ҲûԤϵı仯ˡ
¡֮Ȼһ˵ĿУһ׵ѣͻȻ֮֮ƫУûҵĵ⡣
һֹɢҵĵ⣬ҵ׵˳ŵ˰и߸Ծͨҵ

ҵһֱӱһ˵ɳȥ
⡭ôܣ
ͫһֱҪԼ۾Ȼױδ̫ͻȻˡ
ʵϣֹ壬ˣˣֻҪע⵽һĻ㵲ѡ
¡
һ촫ܿ쾪ˡʮ⣬Уһ˳ǹڵϣǹβ˲
ȴӥβҵ˹
ֻӥĹˡʯ䣬ɽһ˴δĹĲŤMεĹ켣֮յӥ־ڱصõһ
γɹ֮󣬰ɽٴȥֻӥһţɽٶȲɱһͣһ
ߣ
һߴڰɽٶһɲǣͻȻڿն𣬺ԥķ˹ʩչˡ
ˣڰ֮Уһξ˦һշֱʮɵĸ߿ա
ͳ
쳹ҹա

ըѣͬվףɲǼ䣬֧羪磬顢籩֮٣ֱԶİɽȥ
ͳļף鷢Χ˸߾ݿ͵ʱѾʶ
侳ĸһһеĿȫӦͳܹ鷢οôľ롣
Ȼ˵ٴηˡ
ɽ䶶˶ͺԤϵһĻڹɲǣͻȻ֮һ¿ͷûأֱӾˮ֮ŵ棬˼
֧ȫϣɽȴˮӵߡ
ȻǱȴٴγɹӹһ١
ôܣ
Զݼϣͳ˫ֿعȫң̵ͭڴнеͬսһ㡣
ֻսһͳһȴȫƽյ򶨴ݡ
ͳûĶ֡
ʵ㹻ǿȫԽɢɣʺǰǸȫͬ
Ҫַʽڱӹļֻһ˲õ
֣
Ǻѷɫ֣


445 ĸ棡
ֲֻŶ˽⣡
ֲֻͨжϮĹ򡢾λáҪ
ּĶǿ߶ڱ׼ĸоǳֻҪ׼¸źԶľ룬ҲӦ
νļֱ
ðŴ꣬ͷûص¾ܶ־ڱصùͳѾܾûôļˡ
ž
裬գܡʯ塢סϣͬһ㡣
ʱȥͳˡ
ȻͳЩ㵣ȴǺ⡣ɽԭǺ߽˫־ܹ䣬ҿļ֡
ڼϵ츳ͻʺеֶѣ˵ˡ
ڼжߵ裬춼Ҫ
¡
һ״ӹأҲڵߴ塣ৣһư˰ˮĳ˦ɳȥһ̣ӿ˷ӿγһ޴С
˽һЮЩͷ½ϣһֱĴ
ڿգȴڽ䣬ʱͬ׳磬ޱȡ
¡
ɵı֮УֻһģԼռ׹£ֻգۼ׷Զİɽ

谵ʲôҲȴľı޷ڸǣصšֱӵ۷ʵ޼᲻ݵȸֽ϶һġ͸ʹֱӵвأǿߵʵ
ɽʩչӥͳĹϼٵıӣʱϢѾɱĳһ˿϶
ɽ°ɣ
ȸֽͷ½ϣһзһŭ
ڵİɽԶûкôһȸ¥͸оˣΪԲᳬصľ磬ѾԼʽвΧ֮ڡ
ûɱֻҪɹסٻԼֹԺɽԼҵĸ־ͿԽΧס
ɽٴҲѷɣ
¡
һ̣ʼϲ鷢ˣ£밲ɽֻҵʱͻӿһɰ̺֮ͻȻʱϯبͰɽ֮䡣
¡ײһεǽȫһΡǽ赲
ǽǹɿ񱩵֮ǹЮŷ꽫ݺݵķȥ
飡
ɳȥɲǣĵ𺧡
ôܣ
ˡһɲǣɽתͷԼһۣԼһ𺳣Ի
飬һڵ淭˼ܣײŵ治ͣĵӵվ˴ľͣ־޴С
ɵһɲǣ֪һӴͻȻ֮ʱŷԼ
ǹ졢磬һ㣬㼶ѾԶԶ侳ķΧ
ǾǰɽֲοԱġ
ָоͺεǿڣͻȻֵԼ

ڤڤ֮УһӹԺͻȻ˳֮ǰԺ֮һܵ
Ϊ֮Сܵı֮СӣʧܻӡԺÿĿһΣĿܵӳ־ͻһΡ
ѵ˵Ҹûа취ɱɽ
ʯ䣬ͷӹԺ
ΪߣĹ켣룬硣
ת֮Ѿܵųֻ֮û뵽ų֮Ȼôǿ
ֹųԼҿǿһЩҪĿʵ赲Լ
˵ĸıס
֮УɽռһϯҪĵλ˵û˱Ҫ
ܹɹĻɱԣû³ɹʱͽĨȥôʣ˺ʷͻᷢ仯
ɽھû£ƾͲڶûаɽûȥٻ߾ţҲͲݺͻ𡭡
ǽǽȻͬ磡
ǰûиıʷˣˣˣڸı䡣
ǣһθı䣬Ȼ޷ǰȡѾֻĳһĳһĸı䣬漰²񣬺۹Ĵ
ָı֮һθֱ֮ܵӸ档ֹǸ棬ֱ֮Ӱɽ
Ҳνġӳ֡
̫ΪɽûʹԲųֵ𣿡
ͻȻһƬͨ
ΪһһεˣΪһתڵ꣬鼸ֻŻ顣
Ȼеɱû𣬷ԽĳҺͼᶨ
ĸΣ綼ڱ㣬ҲҪ
ݺݵŽͷҧгݡٴ̧ͷںڰٴαŷǿҵļµĺâ
ãҪˣ
ס
ϣ
׼
ǺѪ

£ȫ͸ȸ¥ΧһƬңһƲзӶһɲǣ˿׹£һͷߴ󡢽˶Ѫ͸Զ
ɽֻһƥѪںڰѸٵĳȥʧ
ˣ
ڰɽźѪɶȥͬʱһյʯ壬׷
Űڣܼ׷ȥҧš
׷ϰɽѪģҲֻߵġڡˡ
䣡
һĺд׷ȥͬʱԥͷųԼġ⻷
һȦȦ⻷ͣ𵴣ܵˮñЩâֹ£ҷ䵽ȸ¥ΧеԼ˽¡
һɲǣ˵ٶȡȫ
׷Ϲӣ
ڰУӥһȷһƥ׷ȥҵԾ䡢κͬʱβ׷ȥ
û֪ΪʲôǸô׷šʱ򣬺ʣ־˵־
Ҫʲô˶ķӡ
¡¡
𶯣ٵ״θǹһ׹ڰУﻯΪһβ׷ȥ

ԽԽҲԽԽܼ
һһҪһûеҹʱ򣬵ܼѾȾһƬڰ
һ˲Ϣؼ䴫
һ㶯ͻͽвֹļȮʱҲоʲôȴûзͽС
¡
һ׵ӹĹâͬһϵĺһ㡣ĺ˺ĴأߣҲʯϣһɳ۵ĺѪϿ΢֣ʵ˶ޱȵĺˡ
һʮ˾ҵĺˣӥĿ߱ǣεӡĳ࣬ڱ߽֮ʵѰˡ
˾׷ᣬҲǵİɽ


446 䣡
⵽ô£
磬һεδϣͬǦһ㣬ɽмۣϳһİɫˮˡ
಻ϣÿһôڰɽĿϡɽѾܾûֱ׷ɱĸоˡ
ԷȺˣڣ֮ɽ֪׷ϣһĵ飬ȴľ·һ
ǿҵΣðɽͷƤ飬ȫը޵ƥѪٶѾݷ˼£ɽȴһ㶼ûио
ʣԷȼ˿Լ
ɽԽĲ
еΣͲֲɽеһͷ
һеΪʲô
ȸ¥ôˣǸʦĺΪʲôֻԼֵԼҲԵģΪʲô˶ܣֻ׷ɱԵԼ
ҪǣɽôҲ벻ף޵Լһ͵ؾأβˣûһԽصĵط
ΪʲôǸ˶ܣȴôƫƫֻ׷ɱԼ
ɽʺͶԷδı棬ȻӲйʲôڡ޵ģѪ˿ǲƭ˵ġ
ôһɲǣɽòϣԼŵˡѾͨᡢô򵥣Ѫһ㡣
԰ɽְ걻ɲǣһʱˡֺܲõĸоֻҪԼһ㣬ԼԶӲˡ
Ǹ굽ʲôˣҵйڣ𣿲ܣʦӵһϸƤ⣬ȥֻƧĵطңǵݣ˭ҶԸǣ
ѵǾʦܣǵһ뾩Ҳ֪ܲôĪ׷ɱ
ɽϣԺ˲ϢͷΪܹ̫ΣֱǸ׷ɱ̫Ρ
ڳڵĵ֮󣬰ɽԼѾǳڸֶӵˡ
󣬼ꡢˮţǴ߻ðɽüͷľѡ
ɽȫǸӣȴѪš
ԼѾˡ
ǰɽȴתͷ
ûԵɵ׷ɱֶΣ˫ѪɽûǸ֮⣬һ˻Լ˵ľš
ҪǣΪֹɽ벻һǴӺζ
ѵΪǸˣ
ͻȻ֮һͷӹԺɽȥͻȻ֮ǰȸ¥ϵһȺˡ
Ⱥ廨ţ൱һֶǺϵˮ֡ʱֵʱȺ˴ǸΪ׵ʲôҵˡ
ʱ׵Ĵˡֻ˵һ仰ǾǵĶңۻôܲЩ̾һ϶Ǽٵġ
ȻЩ˴ùǶϽۣ
ʱЩ˼伤˵һڵģ
˼ȥɽֻһˡ
ǼˣҲԼ޹ϸ𣬶ֵҲǰ꣬Լûвͽȥ
ҪңҲӦҰǣôҲֲԼ
ȥЧ䣬Ҳֻȥȫˣ
еͷԺзӶɽͻȻһȥ

ڰд磬Х罫һǰһյէּš
ϣҧ촽һȻ󣬵ȴͬ
ʱľţԶøӵľĶǡ
ӵ㶼Ӳʦ
Ķǰ档
ʦһΣǴӳģž۰ɽӣֻҪӳţ;Ӳȥ
ǰɽӳȥҲһӲ
ǰԼʮʱ䣬ȻȲˡһѾ˸޴ŬѪʱ׼
ֻôҲ벻ȻõĻᣬɽȻңԶ޶ܵʦܵԼǰ
ûһΣоԼɹԼʹ֮ѾǽǰˣǴֿɼ
ֻҪԼɹնɱɽ˾ͻᷢ˼ת
˵ֿУףͬʱҲǸ۵Сһ֡
ڵİɽ̫ˣȫ޷ͺǸۡ뢣ȡ
ʧλᣬԼһڵġ
ΪʱԼף˵ռơ
¡¡
ս¡¡忴ȴܸоԴԴϵּھʦľ޴Ӱڷӳ
Щ˾ֹԺɽϵˣҵˡΪպգԺҦƽƽĽңҪӵĴڣӡڷӴúӰ
һһǱˮµȻޣӵ޾ֻǫǫѷ͵͵·
Ʋǳϡ常ӣҲǳĴبϣǳүүƳ籸ޱȵľŹ䡣
ŹڼɣŮҲͬҪһļҷ綼ˡ
ȻɾҵĵϵȴҲҵ
νҲΰҲΡ
үү࣬ڳ͢ξ籩֮ƽңҲͻʡ뵱¾ˣͬ˵ɵĴʢҵԴ
ͬүүƷҲסҵ
ֻүүҲһôһ
ĳȫҶµĹء
Ҫǣչֵȴƫƫֻүӵͬ
ণ
׷ʱǰͻȻһХջ谵ĴУɽͻȻۣƹһӹսǣսһԺǽ֮ʧ
һĻͫµսٶȶȻŻû̫ԥһûԺǽĴţֱײǶ¸߸ߵǽڡ
¡
שʯˮɿ߸ߵԺǽ£ŰڴӺ˳
ˣֻһɲǼ䣬ͣ˽Ų
ھʮ⣬һƬ͵Ժ䴣ƬԺǰ棬ʮ˶ӰսִϢվԺǰ档
ʮӰккˣ˹ˣХ£ϣЩȴһˮʽ۾ȴ۾գûգһ¡

һԺϷأҲԺǰһҰǰҰԵĿ⡣
һӰžսϵ泤ǹİ־Ŀ
޾䣡
һ侲
ԺЩӰϢۻ룬ÿһﵽ侳ļһЩӰ¶伶Ϣ
һľܹﵽľ硣
һɲǣ֪ԼˡɽԲһģߣްľ䡣
ߣƵҳȫˣ
ݺݵȭͷԽѪ졣
ͻȻֵʮǿӰûϨеɱݼǿɱ
֮أǿսʿҲҳӣ֮
˶ٶȻǰɽһ˶ġ߻ҳ
ʣЩҳʹǰɽϵĸȺ˻Աӻ
컯벻˶֣ȫˣɽϣӣ
ݺݵȭͷָѪﶼûв
ޣɱˣͳͳˣͳͳԼǰ
֣ҪԼһʹĻ


447 ţ
¡
שǽ䣬һ˰ӰŸͷײԺǽ˳ˮд˽
Щ𣿡
ҵž޴ȸֵ׶ͬ˵еľһ㣬ػߡ
İںͰɽĺѪǶıԣ۵糸һ˿׷ϵġ
ҲֻҵƾԼǿʵ͸ߵȼٶȹ⻷˿ĴӺ
ӴǿϢԼ߽׵ǿʵڶ޾˵һ־޴塣
ȻǶһ˴ģ޾Ҳ
ǵʲôˣΪʲô׷ɱɽ
ԶûشһƥսˮǰͰɽվл
У忴ӥĿĺˡȻǺˣ˺˾ͬ
ݳƤ׾Ų˾ͷںм亱мζ۾ϸصʱ򣬸һֺıԵĸо
˲վڰɽߣͰɽ˸оãҲ·𣬶ʱһ־ʦζ
ʷǡɣ
кһͻȻӿһĨŨصɱʶˣ磬ǰİ׾˻ĬĬţԼҲǵһμ档
һ磬ԼѼˡ
ڽʷǡɣδһ쳹ޣĺ֡ʷ˼
ڵ۹ʷϣӵžص˵ɽϴݻٵ۹ģô߾Ļģ
統ԾԼԼʮ꺮ףսԼұۡ
ڰɽ˵ʷǡɡߵġԾ䡱ұۡ
˶ģ
ȸ¥ɽҲͰˣҲû뵽ȻʷǡɡҲ
ϱˡȻȫվԼǰˡ


ڵ㣬ûʸǰ˵
㣡
ʷǡɲȻŭҪƿڴĿӹߵҵסˣֻȴԽıˡ
壬ʱܻϵСܣ
ҵͻȻѹ
ȸ¥ǸѾӹһˡµһԣʱпٴܡ
ңʦַͬСɣȻⳡͻϮܴæǽϾˣһϵжҲͳ׽ˡ
ǱͲõġ
쳣ƽΪɱɽΥҵĹأܵ
ôжܻµĺ󻼡
ǱѴкȸڽоӪϴøãȻ˵ܿƽطճһʱʱ仹ȫġ
ܣߣģǲܵģ
建̧ͷĿԽʮ޾䣬һԺӣ˺󷽲Զһ߸ߵĺӰ
ڻ谵£ƾʦĸǽͬһΡȻɽأֺޱȡ
ʦġҪͬʱҲס˰ɽ˵·Ѿ޿ˡ
󣬲ϵĴӶд䣬˵ʱԺǽѣһһӰӺ˹
Ȼһ㣬µ˻ʱ˹
ӣ
һԽӥণҵӥһϵңҵ̣屣м䡣
űʮĽ˶һ£Ĵ󺺣ȴҵɳĮշﾫͷ졣
Ϊоͷ죬ǵʵǿλԶһڣԳƥҲҪϺܶ࣬ųҲҪ졣
ˣ
ʮ´ײԺǽ˵ƵԡԺ˿֮·ݺᣬͷ죬ľÿһ侳˾صĸ֡
Щ˻ԣʱʵǡ
ǣɽһȺ޾ɫʱ̫ÿˡһҵѾԶԸˣ˵ֶʮĸ֡
ɽˣСҪԸǡСǾӣ޶ɷ򣬲ʲôȶ֡ҪȻȥǾûˡ
һԣʷǡ͸ͻȻúСĵ
Էж̫ѸˣǲŲΪ侳ĸֳƬ̣һ˴Ԯ
ٳȥ˶
ǣĻԼҲҪ˲ء
ɽŵǸԲʲôƲ磬Ǹ׶ߵ׳ǿֲޱȡ
׽ԷҲȵʷˡ
Ѿ⣬ԥȫңҲòɱǡ
ʷǡɶһ۶壬ݺݵ
ǸС֪߸࣬ԼʵȴߡֻҪǸСӣ˾ͻȺס
Ȼʷǡɣ˵ʷ˼û˵꣬оһ¡¡
ѵأɽءͬһʱ䣬һԽĳ঴մ֮ϣһֻڵľӥչųڱвУԺϿղͣĻһһȦ
һɲǼ䣬е޾䣬ɽɫ䡣
ܰɽǰʷǡɶԶԶ͹ɱǵľĺжЧʡ
үӿ϶ĵһжҲֹԺĵһжһĵһȫ
жУÿ˶ܸܵǿҵ־;ġ־ĺ־жеÿһˣټ塰⻷ķãɽһû۳һߣߵȴѾϹˡ
䣡䣡䣡
һһӰײԺǽ̤ˮӺ˹ڸϹˡ
壬㣡
˼⡢ԺӧǬӢȫ˹һԸ٣Ҳ˹
бֹԺͣڵȫָŮһͷ˿㷢ͷһӲţھָ֮һ䡢ˬζ
˾ȵģպɽ
ɫһϢȴǿ֮࣬廹ʤѵӪ棬պɽ򽻵Ǻٵġ
һΣٻʱպɽûκԥľ͹ˡ
Ƿģһỹģ
պɽûлͷںʱ仰Ȼվǰ


448 
л
촽˶ȴûзЩﶼò˵ġ
¡¡
һһӵײ룬̶ʱڣ߾Ѿۼʮ֡Ժǽ⣬ֻڻۡ
ҵպɽ塢֪²áɽʷǡɡյ˭Ҳ֪δӰƣصһ̾ڴˡ
ڵִˣ
磬źֵѸٵִɱɱӡ֮ǰ֮Գٳûг֣ȴľһ̡
ʱѾˡ
֣ɱǣ
ϵһγϵȸֽڱУȷ˹
¡
һ޴Ͽӹţõڶˡ
䣬ҫһĨǿҵĵͬٲһ𣬻գҲ˲񷡣
´ͬʱͨҵȷ˹һһһ㣬ҵ߸ߵ𣬽һȦȦ޴Ĺ⻷𵴣ҵУһһ˶ߵĹȻԲȻΪһ͵˶İɽб޾䡣
һۣ˶ҲնɱķԺ
ʱٴγ֣չֳ˻ֺƵһǧĿֲ
飡
ҵͬʱ˶ӰͬӥͬӰɽӪг
ŨüֹۣȻǺҵͷ·׳ǵڣ̺ͬŰȻȲҵԲ̫ࡣ
¡
һ춯صľӰд䣬ǿҵˮĽԶ߶
ȻɵˮɢȥȴȻ֣ҵ־ڱصõһȻ˺ֵ

пһĻ˶ˣ
ôܣ
˵ʲôˣ

Уһ̶¶𾪵ɫҵ侳߽׵ǿߣʵжǿ˶Ŀá
ʵǿףֹԺҲҰôˡ͸Ӳܵ˶ĺͿʯˡ
ǰɽӰȻܹ
Ǭv
Ǭ棡
˵ĿĿʱϳ˵ݡ
һʷǡѾ˳Ծˣ벻ȻҲ˰ɽߡ
벻շˣ
ݺݵȭͷбò
֮ǰ֮ʯľ棬ҵĹһ絲£ԼĹһε֮£֪Ҫɱɽס
ֻû뵽ȻǬvǬȻ
ڵ۹ʷϣӵķ
ȻѾ֮У
ɽ侳ӦûǼԵʱ򣬶ǬvǬڰȴѳ
գ˸ǵ۹ĩָļ۹֮һȻѾ
ԭΪɽôĺ˷ڲŷԼ´شˡ
ɽԶԼĶࡣ
ȻǵһνߣպҾѾ߳Ρ
ӥȥҵ
۾һУԥ
ǬӺǬ棬ɽպǿĴ󽫣Ȼ֪˻࣬ܶ˶ǡ
ȴ֪δ˻ô¡
˵ÿҲǡ׼ļ𣬵ǵʱ򣬾£¡˹˶Ҫηֵı󽫸溲Ҫη֡
ͷ졢֥ث³ƽƽı󽫸溲վ˵
ҵˣǺųδġͨ󽫡ˣҲѹһʱκβǡ
ԽˣеɱԽʢ
ҵӥסǣҵĺɱ
һ䣬ɱ۶
¡ͬʱ˺Х
󣡡
ܼУһҹգУ˸߰ʮ޾ûмڽн󣬽һ֮һ

ֻһգۼ䣬е޴ȫһƬ׵Ρ
һĻ˵ϣĿ磬ȥһ۾Ϳ˶޾һʩĶʮ߰Уξ
УξŰ룬ϣĿʮ޾УȻһ־оĸо
Щ˹˵ĸоҪǿ
ã
ɨ˵ӣɫʱԽѿˡǬӺǬպ޴󽫳Ѿ㹻˳Ծˡ
û뵽Ȼ￴á
Ϊ¬СУξϽʮֵõĲ֮õУˣܹӳǧ˵
ǧܷ˵
޾УʵξһˡȻսıԲǬӡǬ֮
ξȴԶˣ
õ£һԱʵԶʤޡˣ
һǬvһǬѾԶԸˣ벻ڻһá
Ծ䣡
ɫһ䣬ͻȻԥȵ
¡
һɲǣͻٶȲս֮ȴѸٵķ˱仯ֻһƥƥսڱ֮ѸٵľһԾм䣬²á֪ϵѧԱѸٵĽһսϽѵġʸΡ
ֹԺѧÿһʱ򶼱ͨΧ壬˵ǱĿԡֻͨиߵȵĿԣܽϰ
ЩѧڱиӶļ⣬Ҳӱ
Ծ֯Щѧ󷨡Ȼ࣬Ѿв޾ġΡˡ
¡
սڣòĿУķʸκݺݵײϡһɲǣҡضԺ䶼ݺݵ
ɱ
ɱ
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ֹԺԼĸҲೣݺݵײԺǰ޾䡭
ɱ⻷յХһƬײ뵶ҹнһƬ
˫սֻһ˲ʹﵽ˰Ȼĵز
ɱǣ
˫Ѫ⣬ȸֺֽԥĳˡСһһ޾壬޾˫ڵϣһʵѸٵע뵽ڡ
ѹһ࣬ͷеɱһɲǣΧŤɱʵʣһͷһ㡣
ɱɱͳͳɱ
תһȦֽЩյĳͳͳ͵ԼǰǰɽʷǡɣǬ桢Ǭv֮
Щͳͳͳͳɱ


449 󶼻
һɱ
û˿ԥ¡ȻʩչһնԾŶԷɱȥ
ǰ˲ŭԣʱ̫һնɣЧʡ
ͣͣͣ
Ӱ仯ȸֽ˸б仯һĻߡֻ죬գ֮䣬һϵȥ
ʵȻǿ۽羭鶼ڶ֡Ǻʵ൱߸ǿĻв
䣬Ժӧң
쳹ҹգյױʹ޷ڸǡ
¡¡ս仯գ֮䣬һķ۹м䣬ҲХס塣
Ⱦ仯֮ȺҲ΢΢ɫȻû仯ѾŰɽֱɱ˹ȥ
ϣ
ս˻Ժӧ˶Ƕǹ֣ս֮УûбǹƷˡ
¡¡һʱһ޾䲻ϵĵ£ˤˮ֮ˮ
ɱɱСӣ
ȺУһܻĿʷǡɰγϵ彣ңңָ塣
ֹںУں֮ͬҲ˲֪˲
ಣ
һݶХӶд䣬һǰ飬ǵصļꡣ
䣡
һ죬ͳվԶδһһ֮䣬һļ걻嵲
µļ꣬Ҫôµ£ҪôϵĿ׵¡
ؼף
ʷǡվȺ󷽣ͫһϳϵĿסؼھǾԵĵ۹սʣǶԸַ
ֶڣֻв塣
ҹֱ죬ɱСӣ
ʷǡɫ࣬Ҳ˺ݡ
ڶ޵ؾһѹǵҲ㹻˶ޣľﵽͷϡ
𣡡
ʷǡһȣʮӦȡЩȫ޾ľÿ侳ϵĺ֡
ϲִСնסԣһǡǡͰʷǡɡɽһޡ
ڰѽֶʹõ¯࣬ƾֶΣ˲һսﵽ˽ĵز
¡
սڣڰʷǡ𳤽ոճȥûгԶʱͻȻ֮𶯣ķԺǽֱ
ӣ㣡
һϤӶдʯ䣬ѭȥһ۾ͿһɫӰݣһȺֺݺݵֱ޾֮С
ȻǾżҵżżżҵĳԼĸԮ
ϲ
ɽõɫ䡣
ȻûȰɽ˷Ӧ¡һһԺǽһȴࡣ
幫ӣ㣡
ӰһǻƼҵļһȺֱ޾֮Уֱ
ȻһлԶûн
СӣҪģ㣡
ͻȻһϡۻʨӴ𣬴Ժĺ󷽴һӰϵ׳һȺֳԺ󷽵Ժ䣬ֱײ˽
Ҷϣ
ϲ˵ĲǱˣȻүүɲҶϡϵˡ
û뵽ԼȻҲˡ
Сӣɱĸ㣡
ҶϵӴ˫
ԺУɽɫ䣬һٱ䡣̶̵ʱ䣬ԷȻôˡ
Щ޷׵ߣϵϢң־ϢŨҵԸӡⲻսϽԲӵС
һﵽʲôˣ
һֱҪնİʷǡɶɫˡǱ崦ƽ״̬
Ҷϵ˽ʱ˵Ĵʱ൱Ĳˡ
ȫ󣡿죡
һ̼쳹ҹúʹ˵顣¬УξãУξξ֮֮Ͻ£δصĴڡ
һҲ͸˻̼ɫ
ѾܹԸ˵ѾȫѹԵ
ֹˣԷǴһģǴĸͬʱ
ζŲԼµ޾жǿʵжôľֻҪڳͻͬʱܵĲ湥
սϣذɣ
¡¡
һȦ޴󡢾¡ӵġ󾣼⻷ҶϽ𵴣ǹ⻷ͬľһ㣬⻷д͸һϵС
һֻ޴ȭͷٱͻȻ˳ǴҶϵϣǴ˳һɲǣҶϱ󿴵һֻ޴ͭɽ
һοҶϳ֡
¡¡޾䱻ɳȥõĹȫסҶϵȭͷ
ͬʱҲȫ޾֮С
ϲɱ1˵1
ϲɱ2˵2
ϲɱ䣬˵3

ϲɱ䣬˵7
ϲɱ䣬˵8
ϲ䣬˵9

ϲɱ䣬˵13
ϲɱ䣬˵14
ϲ䣬˵15

ͬʱһܵٲԺкХ£̶ʱڣ17޾䱻ͻ17㣬һڼٵӡ
ɽʷǡɡɫ䣬ҵսһĴǬӺǬ涼ɫ
һҵǻǿֵټЩˣ˵ֵˡ¶
ס֣ǵʲôˣ
޾ˣǲǸˣ
޾еĺ˻Σǻеĺȴ̲סȻеĴУֲһ
˧
¡¡ԺϿյı궼ɢˣΪһɢȥ
Ծ޴ѹΣͷںҵսĴǬҲ̲ס
޴쳹ʦҲоڤڤƺ뵽ʲô
죬ˣҵҶϡϡųϣҿɱ
һָңңָ˶İɽ
ɽԶĻҪƻʼʱվ޾ǰ棬ԣһռϷʱλȴǺԥ˵˺󷽣˵ص޾ı֮С
Сӣ
һϡۻ쳹գһڣΪһڿն𣬽ҵżҵż쳤ͬԾȺ󷽵İɽȥ
ǬvǬ棬ң
ʯ䣬ɽңСֻ侳ΪһҵѾڱ֣οּˡ
һɲǣɽоŨŨϢһǿҵĲʴӿ
һ̫ĪˣʲôûΪʲôҪɱ
ѵҪ׵
ʣģ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ҵϡҶϣ侳߽׵ǿ߷·ӥ˼Ӹ˶µʱ򣬱ߵҹ֮УͻȻڰбһ̫ĿĹâһۻ롢ϣ߸ϣսϢɨԺ䣬ͻȻ˵ĸ֪С
ס֣
߲ͣȴ¸̺ϵϣ鲻ԽĲ˵ͷ˳ľηĸо


450 ث
ĿǰΪֹҵ˵ΪߵˡΪδͨ󽫣ҵʵ֪
Ǿ߽ףնɱԺҵǵƾճֵĺƴϢȣҲԵ΢
һɲǣҵҶϡϣ塢вһǿҵĲС
ҵҶϣɱ˰ɽ
ͻȻС
Ϊһж㾡ϧһдۡڴ֮ǰһжеƺΪ˳Ȼðɽȸ¥ɹѣȴʼûܣ֮ҲѸٵ˶޾İΧ㰲ɽȸ¥ôܶܡ
ǾжҪɹʱͻȻоǿҵΣвôһɲǣͻȻʲô
ɽЩ޾֮ûǿзҵҵԼʱȴ˵ʱ򣬰ɽ޾Ҳʱ䣬ȴʲô
ڣǸѾˡ

ҵҶϡϣ侳Ķǿǳ֣ǵأɽ˱һԥٶȲӿɽȥ

һȣ𶯣ʱƺʮ￪⣬գۼѾԺ
¡
ڤڤ·һֻսѥ̤䣬һɲǣضҡʦƺ֮ζ
˵ĿУһɰĽɫͻȻӰɽ³ᡢԵȴֳϵѹͽҵϡҶ˵Ĺȫɢ
ƲЪȫɳȥ

һĻ˵塢Ծ䡢ˣҵϡҶ˶
ҵǵᣬһĴڣϡҶϸһĹȻˣ˻ˣʵһ˿ԶԸ˵ġ
ܹƾһ֮ͽɵģ޽С
ܹﵽֵزģҲʲô֮
ʯ䣬ͷ˵ԺӹǻûȵǶ룬¡ХһɫӰͻȻԺ֮С
ɫӰе޾ȫɽХ𡣶һ
ã
ɫͻȻѿޱȡȻûǸˣ޾һɽХĻҲµ˶Էݡ
ҲһɲǣͻȻ֪Լһ޴Ĵ
ɽ֣֪ټʼԼһ˼Ҫһдۣɱδغƽ٣ݻ޵ףûгɳʱ򣬾ͽһΣ⡣
Ҳһɲǣ֪Լһˣ
ث
󶼻۹Ĵ֮һ

ȸ¥ֻаꡢТڵˣԼһֱ뵱ȻΪɽһ˵ġ
ǵԺ䣬ǬӣǬʱ뷨ҲûиıҲԼĿУȺ޾ѡ
ԼԿھʦǳ׵Ľ
һдʼնԼһԸ
ɽһ˵ʦģΪ޵۾ˣɽûôĵӣҲûôͣӪǧܵʦ
ֻһԭ
뵽ʦĲǵ۹İ󶼻ث֮Ӷѡ
ثԭ򡭡
ϱӵļ䣬ͻȻʲô
³
ثΪ³ųھʦġ
Ϊϴ󶼻³һԾ˵ͥ˱飬λث֮ϡ
⡰⡱ĳɹҲث
ͬΪ۹Ĵ󶼻󽫾ثʡ³֮ϡ
³ܹԾ˳ͥϱĻΪʲôԼͲأ
ث࣡
㱼䣬ʲô
ث࣡
һ֪֪ʥҲ֪ġʮǰث˹أϣģֻϧԼҵүү
үүثҪеҲߣµĹҲй֮޲
ʱүү˵ǡثᣬոմ˹أ¾࣬ޣ¸Ĺͣ½ʲôʹأ
λ˽ķԺзģΪϵثλ۹󽫺֮λԲű֪
ȴ֪ԭ
ثȴҲ˽Թҡ
ϴ󶼻³Ҳثϱӣ³ϱλòãثͽ˾
ϱӷһӡȻҲͬˡҾԼ۵¡
ɽЩ޾ȻΪԭŽ˾ǡ
Щͷ˷һӶеǰһ࣬жʱһƬͨ͸
ֻЩ飬ȴû˿ɣԽĳء
ΪثȻֹԼģ
ס֣˭Ҷ֣˭͵
ث˫֣¡¡쳹ءһɲǼ䣬Ժӧ˼⡢Ǭ²á֪Ӣثѹ£˶һϣҶ֡
ԭҵսͻȻ֮žˣһˣ˭ҲҶλ£պյİ󶼻֮¡
˵Ӱķ磡
磬Ƶ۹ث̫ٱһˣǵ۹ʯӵоصĵλ
й뿪߾Ȩ󽫸溲ثгΪһ˵ơ
ȨơλҪѹ֥Ⱥ˴֮ϣ


451 ֮࣡
鷢չֵز˭Ҳ벻ġ
Ժӧ˼벻ǣжȻǣһλ۹Ĵ󶼻һثľصʵȨ󶼻
Ĳ㼶Ѿͨ˽ķ롣
жЩ
˵ثĴڼֱͬһɽѹԼͷص˴
Ҫثֵ۹֮ǰɱɽֱȵ컹ѣҵ˶ûְգ˵Լ
ɽһ˿ٶͷһ˿ϣ׵ɢ߽⡣
常Ⱦң
Ѿ׼ͻΧߵİɽͻȻһݣ̻̼ĳ嵽λ۹֮ǰĽ¡
г֣ľսǡˡҲǡ˧ǡ常
΢֣һ·׷ɱȸ¥һ·׷ɱ⴦ƧԺ䣬һ·ҧŵĺˣȻð󶼻ӣ
쵰
Ķǰ۾ﶼҪѪ
ڣɹԼʹһΣҲΨһһΣĻԺ󶼲ˡ
ΪεĻᣬֹԺɽҵĻԼҽõҶϺ϶ˡ
ҵȫ¶˳Ϊ˶Ըɽ
Ȼڣһжʧˡ
ǰǵӰһӴɽͣеĿܶ赲ǰеĿ궼赲
Ҫǣثڶ֪ʲô
ƫƫʲôҲ͡
һ̣ĶڵѪ
һѵûа취𡭡
۾ģָ촽ҧ˶֪
ûδǸڶʹûǸͻ֮ҲûδǸǡڵİɽֻһصġС䡱
ֱ߾ᳬʮɡҶϡϡҵӥͻƼҵļÿ˶׻ʮɡ
ֻҪɱ׵δѡһжˡ
ث򶫱ãʵ³Ҫǿôľڣû˿ثƤɱˡ
һҲУ
СӣҵʲôҪս𣿡
һӶдثͬһһվԺУ½󶶶ĿĿһ۾Ⱥǰ塣
ɽʷǡǳէھеҴ岻Ϥثȴһ۾ϳȺЩһ·ϵı־
ھ壬ثҲһ˳
ϴεĽڶʹ¼ثѾѼ̫Ϣİ軭һ
ϳݣʹثԽŭðϵЩ޾ʬ壬ðɡ
ֻһ˼λеĴ󳼣ԼҵĲ¾Ͳ㱻ɱ⣬ثܵˡ
ԼĲֻԼܾҲֻԼ
ᣬһᣡŴˣһð˼
żͻƼҵļæ
żҡƼں빲Ѫثìͷ׼壬æ⡣
Ҳû뵽򻢣Ȼ󶼻ث漰۹İ޾䣬ⲻС¡
һŪãͻݱһشĳ÷粨
סڣ
һȣͬثһϱһս־Ϣ
ʲôҲʸǰ˵
¡¡쳹գȡͩһϣ촽ţثǰȻһ˵
˵Ӱķ磡
żҺͻƼȻھʦҲͷļ壬Ǻث־սս޲ʤ޲ˣھӵо޴ӰĴ󶼻вٵĲࡣ
ثҲûżҵĳϣǻƼҵļǰȫû˵ķ
Ҷ϶Ҳλ˼𣿡
ثɫĿһת䵽ȺеҶϡϡҶϺ϶үӵĲ£ھҲλþ¡ӵкܸߵĵλ
ȻѾݼʮ꣬һϵõ˲࣬ثΪĵ۹󽫣ȴйġ
ǵǰסݡ
Ŵˣûйϵȫǳ幫һ˵˼
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪôǴоţôɡ

Ҷϡ˻صߣ֮ƣΧм䡣ثλ󶼻Ҳɫأܵ˼ѹ
ثλеҲ̫Զֱ׷ơ
ܹɹε۹λõĻ
ȫһƬžҶϡϵһϯ˵עȫеϡ˵ʵӿʼڣû֪ΪʲôᷢǸ
˭Ҳ֪Ǹ˵ʲôޡ
ߣСӣô˵һ˵˼
ثĿͻȻЦһ塣
ǣ
侲ûһ˿һĲλµĴ󶼻ǰҲû¶˿η塣
СӣΪһ𣿡
ثŭЦѡ
ô˳ôҵĻҶ϶Ͻȴ˵һ˵ע⡣
ثţ
ڤڤУһ˵֮;ү裬ڶʮؿرԷ¶ľ¡
ثжʱһڵŭ
³ɺޣеŭԽԽԺзһУثʵ뵽ԼΡıࡱϡ
Լڵʱϳˣ±ɱԼڳıλ飬Ի谭
ʮǰѾ谭һΣѵʮ˻Ҫ
ثһ뵽оŭڡ
ԹɫѾ֪ثôġʱث緢Ϊĵ۹Ź֮
ث޶˶ʮ꣬ŵλǬٶϣãԽԽ
֪첻Լ˵ʲôث¶ȥˡ
˿Բң˵Ļʵ췢붼޹أҲ޾޹أֻҺͰɽһ˵ĶԹ
˵ţĿĶסثİɽ
ǰǽܹ˶ٸֻأɽĻͽƻԶôһޣ
ʲô˼
ثɫ΢΢һ䡣Ÿոչ֪ʲôǿ鲻١
ߣΪʲôߵλӣϵʱȸ¥ʲô
Ц
δ飬Լġ֪ȾǾԲ˵ģֻܰʱϵĳ
常ԩҺ޹ϸ𡣡
ɽɫһ䣬ڵһָ췢ģ
ҿԷģ˺Ⱦƣھ¥ʲôû


452 ũߣ
ɽη壬˿Ҫˡ
û˿ثǰ˵ѣڰԶƭ󶼻˶Ѿˣ
ͻͣսսڴƶͻˡˡ˲Ǹ߾ˣثǰ̸ɫ䣬η֡
ɽͰʷǡȻҲˡ
ⲢΪثĵλΪثһѵİԼֶΣ
߻ʵԶڰؽ磬ث˵ԶȻʵЧ
ߣСӣҲ֪˵ʲô
ɽĻثɫԺÿࣺ
Ȼɽ˵ûУǾͿ϶ûУʦؽ磬ӽ£ǾȻϮҵĲ£ܸһܺõĽǾͱҲˣ
˵һ䣬ث۾һУñޱȣһʵʵɱε塣
¡
һ޴ӹثվ£ͬһ߳ħһ㣬η
Χ¶λ󶼻ǰ˶оһɽͰѹ
ŭλ۹󽫣˶ܸоˡ

˶ʱͻȻһƽŲԶ̸ɫثû˿η壬ֻͷ
ΪˣѿΨһںֻмϵʹѡثв˵塣
Ŵˣ֪ĸ𣿡
ʲô˼
ثӸ£
ã

ĸһȫȻ˼⡢Ժӧκ˹Ȼɫ䣬ǬváʷǡɵȴҲͬɫ䡣
ڰû˸ô˧˵һûУ˵ǻˣ˶ҡ
Ȼҵث棬˵á飬˵붼顣
Сӡ
ȻҵŴ˧˵ֻ
ǴǬӺǬ棬һҲ̲סһ˿
Ͱɽ֮ĹڣǲҲȥ֪һ̣ΪˣҲòвһ˿塣
ҵɴ˧ˣУλ¾ʣǰˡ
Сӣ˵ҵҵ棬˵һ𣿡
ثкһŭЦ
˵һԴӶʮǰ𣬾ûж˸ҵ˵Ĳˡ
ڣȻиʮС˵á
ӣ
壬˵ˣ
˼⡢ԺӧһߵߣȰ裬һж¶˵ǵ顣
ȻԶڱ뾩ʦԶǰ󶼻ثھʦȱ۵ˡ
Ȼܼλ۹󽫣ǹĴ˵ȴüġ
ثʲôƢˣֶΰңʲôĽ
ڵ۹棬ֶεļҡп̶ȣثġ
ǵˣثҹޣجεĴڡ弤ŭʲôǵľٶ
Ȼȴ˻ֹ֣˼ˣһĪϢ¶һϣȻ˵
һ̵壬ӡеȫͬ
ǰȻҲЩƢڼǰȴΪأ档˵Ҳ
һ̵壬Ȼû䣬һһȴ¶һɲŭ˾ηϢ
ǲһʮľӵеģǺثϵϢЩ
һʮĺӣЩС³ڽң۽ԶڳˣҲûʸثֵ۹˵˵˵ģ˵ˡ
һĩ¹Ĵ桰ʥȴʸ˵仰
ث
κεĺһһĳ൨Ч¡ʬİģǰ뱲һֱôġ
ǻ·ǶޣɡѹƸ߾۹ثΪ޿ָ
ֻǣ˶ǻġ
ʤثˡޱȵԸҲκ˵ġ֮ԡث򰲶ʱ򣬾׵ˣһսսʮѡϻ鶼˵κһثõĻ
ثǬٶϣڰе۴Сǳһˡ
ԼثӵоԵţκεĽԡ
ذܡ˵ľث
еʧˣһսʧеʧˣȴҪȥܡ
ثԼ̫ˣԻȻˣҲˣ
˾ͻзĵط
ثԽܳԽзԽսɵĺԽأ۹ѾԽ
˷ǳ£۷ƵҡѾļ죬ȫثĵ
ξϽ֮£ʿнֹѸݡȣܽеִе˷ָĵز
۾õĴѾҪԶͳƹپ
ȻΪ¬УξҲûȱ¡
õ֮ѧثģ
ǬvǬ治ֹ书ǿзı˷ֿɶһ棬һ˹صı󽫾溲ꪳɳ
ĸ֥ͷⳣųƵ۹˫ڣôǬvǬǺѷɫ˵Ѿ˫ǣ
ֻ£ٸߵĲܣҲ¼ʷѡ
кųơͳ˫ųơϵرռѾ󽫴ϣ¡
ͳ֪ȻҲųϮ֮ǺѾ󽫴ϣ±ȣҲӫ֮£˫оȫһ
ǴǬӡǬ棬ǲϣ£ЩȫثεġǵıԡսҲȫʦ԰󶼻ث
ÿ˶ϵɫӵ˼¡
һǿ棬ͷ۵ثһһثû˿ӡ
ث֪ãֻʳвֻܺҪȫһʹá
԰ɽͰʷǡ޷£ҪնģثǵĲܣ˰С
ɽĿȾҲثһ·ȫѧѾ֮У߼첻ֹкͬк
ѾŻôΣ
˵ΪµѾȫثĵ̳ġѧƿɣҵѾҲثһѵġ
յǳϯ£ҡƹһٽٲ֮صңȻǰɽͰʷǡ͸ġ
ǹ鱾ԴһеԴͷڡثǰϡ
һ˴Ƶı
ث̫ˣ
㲢ûܹ츣£һ۹
ġڲ
嵱һܹثԱָĴ󣬸˶Ҳ᷸ôһлȻͬ
ֻǿϧԼûʸûʵҲûлվڵλ󶼻ǰ˵ǰ˵ʲôˡ
һԼڻһλᡣثʲôҲȥԼҲǱ˵ġ
Ŵ˵ũ𣿡

ߣ˵𣿡
ثЦҪǿӵķϣث˵ô໰
ֻߴˣũҲ᷸ģ



453 ثľʵ
Сӣ̫ˣ
ثԭƽУͻȻâ㡣
Χ˿壬һҲľͱΪסˡڶؽ磬Ѿû˸ô˧˵ˡ
ⷭ˵ʲôũʵָľǴ˧
һָ˧ãڶ˵˧Ҳ᷸¼ô˧˵ģǰһ⣬ҲҲˡ
֪˧ݣôҲ⡣֪Ļôֱǵ졣
һʲô˵
һɲǣǬӺǬ涼磬һʶǰһ㡣
ԭ㸸׺үүķϣһ֡ڿǲѵ㻹ǲ֪ߵغ񣡡
ثһƬɭȻӶľٶѾеĽɡ
¡
۹ĵثһֻǿƴָۣ׼ңңһץ¡ؼ䣬ƵһӴ˲ס壬ͬһֽһ㣬˲島ضثȥ
ã
󺧣ʸΣԶˣһΪҲʵޱȡثǰһ㡣
ָһ͸оܵĿɾһ㣬ӿţԼһҶƼһ˳ȥ
Сӣ
ã

һ࣬ҶҲǴʧɫثϷ࣬Ƕŭλ۹󶼻·Ҳš
СҪ䵽ϣʲô³
飡
ƺƣź֮ľ룬Ҷֻһһңڵʯ֮䣬ɳȥɲǣȻסĽףݺݵĽסڿС
ſ
ͬʱҵסľ޴ȸֵȻ֮һİɫ
һգƣҲ޾ǿա
¡¡ҵһӴʮ֮ΪһΪ֮ɫľ޴籩ثֱնȥ
õ
ثоâһҵһķɣҲΪ֮Ŀ
Ϊ̫ͣǲ
ثվֺһơ䣬һثʮɿ⣬һֻɽĽɫƣɽʹبա
¡ҵĵƽɽն䣬ײֻʮɸߵĽɫƣʱͬײһεɽͣȻס
ֹˣɫеķ֮ҵ޼᲻ݵĵ籩һ顣
⡪
ҵɫһϣ۾ˡһȫľ񣬼ǿһᣬֱԺնɱˡ
ثֻһƣȻͽһɷ顣
Ȼûҵ룬һֻ̣ɫľͻȻΪһŽɫ籩أײҵϡ

һҽУҵһ߷ݰ㱻ɳȥ
ҵԶûдﵽ۷ʱδġͨ󽫡ڵġ۹뢡ϾĻһ㡣
ˣ
һ˶˭Ҳûпλ۹Ĵ󶼻ôʧģֻ֪ٴοʱѾھҶϲɵĵط
¡
Ϊ㡢ƽì˲Ϣ֮仯Ϊҵķ籩Ҷһ벽侳һ۷壬׷үүĲثҲ˲Ϣ֮ҽһثϱǿͬһһɳȥ
̣ث֣ûκεԳж
ÿʱһʱӡǣ
үүʱثֻǸĬĬŵСǵŹ֮Ѿǡáث˵ʱ
á黳ȣ֮µġثΪƵ۹޺֮ӰͬʱҲȨĵ۹󽫣
ڵثڵ۹֮ӵжһ޶ķ
ΨһĹҲֻһݡ֮ˡ
ҲڳʼյүүҦүһͷԭ
ˣ
ثɫᣬͶ㣬׾ٵҶϵ֮һ̧ץе塣
Сӣˣ
ثɫ䣬ָһۣҶϵ˵ͬʱе塣
֮֮֮壬ثȵ۹ģ뻯
ͶҵҶԶˣԣҲֻûʹ汾¡
飡
ϣثָһ۵ɲǣȻ˸աǰӰһȻѾӰ١
ǡ沨
ثŰӳԼǵӰɫ΢䣬еһ¶ɫ
沨һ书һּɡ
;ϸ߾ߺǡ沨ͬ沨´ֻ˳ˮķ򣬲ܶľ˶ɴ
Ҫǣ沨ܵ˵ɿƣܾ˳ŲˣһԾˮ棬Ծˣ׵İѼ
沨һּɡ
ܶԿֵǾ˳жһԾһ㣬ŵ֮УͲֻǶԿֵ֮ġ
ڸߵȼǿ߽֮Уȫ˳ŶֵҳеĹ˳룬һٻܶԷ
֮УּɶԿ߾ǿֻͣ״̬ͬȾĶУõĸࡣ
ǲǰ߻ǺߣּɵҪ󶼼ߡֹҪԶԼ仯ָƣܹҵһҪкܸߵΪ
ֺͬȾ绹ôһ˿ܣֻһ΢侳ߣ侳ûдﵽ
Ҫɹʩչ沨޿ܡ
ǵֱ֮֮࣬˼飡
Сӣ
ثɫһڶŭ
Ȼûȵ֣һʣ
˲Ҫңȫ֣ɱɽ
ثִԲ˵ʲôȥˡΨһںľǰɽ
ثΪץסԼⳡжͽˡֻҪܹɱɽܸʲôĴۣ嶼⡣
ԼѾں
һεĻᣬ˭֣嶼ô׵ķ
ųϣ常Ҫңɱ
ʣ
һһźţٴν˷˴ݶûԸ۹Ĵ󶼻
Ǻʣ˸ϣ߱ثߡ
󶼻ɾ̫á


454 ʷǡ֮
¡
ֻǶ̶ʱڣȫû֪ʵ뷨Ҳû֪ʵĴ־
Ȼһ˼Χκԡ

һһֲǾżҵĳǣҲǻƼҵļվԶ֡ͳ
ְֶ󶼻ثûôӣǽԸһͻ˰ɽȫ⡣
һɲļתƴ꣬Ⱥеİɽǵض¡
ͬһʱ䣬ͳƵĹҲ뷢еĹļ˺ſ綼ˡ
ļ꣬ɽ˲ɫû뵽ĵӾȻô󣬴󶼻ѾˣȻҵŴ󶼻֡
ɽҪԵĻԶֹˣ
֣
һŭ𣬾żҵĳϣԼƼҵļȻ˰벽Ҳȫ֡
⼸˵ΪԶΪ˸ߵö࣬һϢ籩һ㡣һը⻷һĺǵأɽȺеİɽȥ
ܼȺ˿ܴɽһ㰲ȫС
ӵģ
ɱɽ

ͬһʱ䣬Ծ䡢²á֪ܷԺӧ˼⣬ȫţٴ˷𹥻ǣǡ
ԭѾսһٴνС޾ûϵһĻʱһҡ
ֹǣ
ɽ

ʯ䣬һӦǴǬӺǬ档Ȼûȵ˳ֹбɲһֺĵɽХˡ
Ȼһ㣬ҵԶôأؼף˹ؼá

ثһĻʱȻŭǰ󶼻ھһţ˷𶯣ǵ̩֮ɽ
ͬΪ۹󽫵ķ˶ǰ˷Щ֪Ѿ٣Ȼҹɽֱ
Ѿɱɱɽˡ
Ƕ۹󶼻ð
飡
ثͻȻһ̤£һͻȻӵ¸֣ΪһԲεĽɫֽɽС
䣡
еļꡢײԲεĽɫϣȫֹˣһһ˿ֲϢͻȻӵص
¡¡𶯣û˿Ϣǿ̶ȡ˵ĸ֪УرĲˣ·˹һǿųҪ˴˦˳ȥ
ֹ룬Ľ˦˳ȥ
ֹԺңиҵĸ֣һȦȦͬڶ⣬ǹӴϢɳȥ
ΪȦĴڣżҵĳϡƼҵļԾ䡢ܷԺӧ˼⡭Щ˾밲ɽܵҲء

ֻһĲҽУݣһͬµһ㣬˦ɳȥ
Ѫ꣡
ثŭԶЩҲءҪǶٿһЩӵܵݣݣЩδݣثˡ
̫ǿˣ
ڳ˵ĹֻһɲǾ߽⡣һ˶ܵثĿֲʵ
ثֵ۹ǰ˵ʵ̫С̫Сˣ˫ʵȫԵ
Ȼֲ֪ģᵽʱ򣬲ֲ֪жǼֱصĲ
κͼԿثĴڣ֪ʲôľ
ֻһ֣ɽ̩ɽܶˣʲô˲ɽ
ֻһ̤ڳˣͲ޹ȫˡ
⻹ثʵһɵʵûõ
ѾǼ򵥵ġǿֿݵˡ
˭ٸҶ֣ҾͽǼˣУͽȫ͵߾ȥ
ثɫ࣬ɫޱȡ
Թ٣ثҲ̫ڻʵʱ߸Թٵ󣬸ʱڣʧԣͬԹٵչ٣˱¸أд֮¾үүֱСΪһãô๦ͣһԹٵȨ˹͢˸е̫ٱ
ثȻҲôƵЩԹ٣Ǿʦ֮أҲЩ˼ɣ
˭ҪΪЩӵû취ˣǾʹشˡ
ɱζžûа취
۹󶼻ĵλһֽ£ȫ԰Щ߹ӵܷУǨͽ޵ؽ硣
ȵҪҪ˵㣡
Ȼثһ䣬Ժž˶һж͸ηɫ
۹˶֪սңĵֿģɺҲǶͻʺԶߵĸ߾Ԩġ
߾Դƴ㲻ʲôвֱһʲôԨġ߾ͳ£Ѹ𣬱ùǿʢ
Ȼǵ֮أΪȡйսߣ书ͬʱɫʹССĸ߾ȻΪ˲ѷɫ˹ءͻʺĴڣԱȻ㣬սҪگ۹֮ϡ
ԨļҰ˴ʵļ̳ǳءث֮ܣҲֻѹƸ߾۹ʹǲ׳
߾۹ҪӴۣʹһǬٶϣɱثҲò˽߾۵ͷ֪߾۹ĵֿжôս
սжҲͿ֪
͵·һ
ûеȵ˶룬һ˶жһҽУ

˵ĿУһȸֽӰʷǡɵǰ룬ݳʷǡɿѪĭ촽䶯ȴһֶ˵ֻ۾ĿǰӥƺͨӥΪʲôûȥԸɽһزʶԼɱ֡
ܣⲻܡ
ʷǡһƬհסȰɽġЩԸɽģԼ
ʷǡɴʼﶼӡͷһսվλһֱȽϿ⡣
˧֮⣬ԽľⳡսѾûпǵԼ
ʷǡû뵽󣬰ɽûǸɱȴԼˡ
ɹˣ
ӥ֪ΪʲôԼɱǸλÿˣǳúĬѾ˼˽ķǳ͸
ǸƾǸˣеȸֽġ
ȻǸ˱ضзɵɡ
ͣ
һѪӥһ֣ҲˡӥķӦѾ൱ˣ˲١

һɫɳӥܶһǰ㱻ɳȥ
ثɫ࣬ѿѡ
ȻһУѾı䲻˰ʷǡɵˡȻ书죬Ҳվ˲ҲԤϲӥȥһ޹صİʷǡɡ
ܷסٸ˶԰ɽĹȴסһӥ԰ʷǡɵĹ
˼άϵǣѷġ

ʷǡɵʬƽɽ㵹µһ̣ɫ֡סİɽ۾ͻȻһ˺ѷεŭС
۾Ѫ죬ͬһͷ˵Ұһ㡣
ȸ¥һ·׷ɱôãɽ۾ûǵʷǡɵµһ̣ɽش˶·ʧˡ
ϲɹɱʷǡɣıشʷʵ200㣡
ڰʷǡɵµͬһʱ䣬Ժ֮ʯ
ʷǡˣ
δʷ˼ҲͲڣ
Ƶ۹ʷϵĶ޵Ѿ˫뢣һֻ̣ʣ˰ɽһ
һɲǣظ


455 䣡
δѾУʷ˼żҪĽɫΪɽұۣܶ鶼æġ
ûɽ޷ôٵ
ɽɱģʱɱġΪδѾ֮ɽ˵ĻvǲĪ֮ĻѾ˵⡣
ثҲԼóѡ
ΨаʷǡɣثǰɽԼһˣԼҪ֣û˿뵽
ֻΪ˱ⰲɽ廹Ǽˣӥɱ

дثŭûͷҲ֪ثʱɫǷǳǳѿ
Ѿںˡ
һ죬ث֪Լڰ
ˣ
̧ͷĿӹؿռ䣬ͷơȻ£ƺ֮䣬һֻ޴ӥչų򣬷ঽУһȦһȦĻȦ
ӥϣһȦɫĳƮţĿ
¡
貣һɽɫͬһ𣬾סˣӴͬһε˿ͬʱǣסˡ

һľУ˷Ծ䡢˼⡢ǬܷԺӧӥ塢ҶϺҵһɲǼ䣬ٶ˶һɿֲϵطͬ߷ݰثȥ
ثŭˣ
ʷǡɵıɱ׵ļλ۹󶼻ɱġ
һɲǣ˶ܵһɷĵĿֲ֮ġ
ثʵŭʱ򣬲ҵҶϻˣ˼ǰҲ΢
֪Ķ̫ˣȻҾͳȫǣ
ثı쳹ء
ʲôԹ٣ʲô棬Ҫˡʷǡɵ汻ɱһ̣ثоһŭ
Թٵĵܲ˼ɣ֮£еŭҪй
ЩѾûдڵıҪˡ
ˣ
һŽɫĹâȼգֲĹâֱʣضճһƬɫƬ籩㱩ŭϢǰÿ˶糾һС
ˣס֣
ث׼ֵʱͻһӰ֧ͬһ㣬ͻȻһͷ˺ƺƵĽŨ
飡飡
죬ǺӰȥÿ죬Ҳ죬ֻһɲǱӽ˳һˣ̺ŻĽҲŵʧӰ١
žžžԭУثɹȥ˷׷׵һˮ֮С
Ȼȫž˭Ҳû˵
㣿
ǵӰثһһӰ
ŴˣΥˡ
Ϲܼ˫붶ȻϢң˫վڵϣȴһ
Ժﾲĵģš
˷Ϳˡ
ثǵ۹Ĵ󶼻ʵ֮ǿҵҶϣоżҵĳϡƼҵļȫĶ֡
ϹܼײĻУȻܱƵثͣ˭Ҳû뵽ġ嶼΢΢һ
ǺͼϹܼҳֵģҲǺˡҲûϵϹܼҾȻֹܹث
벻ʵȻôߣ
忴վڲԶϢĪϹܼң۹òѡ
Ϲܼҵʵǿ
һӺ֪ˡֺУ̲ʱѾλߵϹܼӡˡ
֪ĸ׵ж
ǿ󣬵ȴִɽ¶ˮһγ֣ҲǻҪܵġСѣҿҲûȫ
ȫ޷жʵ֡
ֻҲûϵϹܼҵʵȻѾߵ˿ԺثĵزѾǿˣǿס
ˣ
ڶݵĳ֮ܿͻعЩ棬ǶϹܼҵĳˡ
һ˦ܿŤͷһȥ
ϹܼҾȻѾ֣ⳡսѾˡһѾˡ
ô
߹ȥӥͣӥɵˮŢ֮УһͻȻוּһҿ֣¶һŲ԰׵ףѪĭ
ãȷʵǿ֮ǰ˵ǰܣ·һˡ
ӥһֱֻ󣬴Ŵ
̣ҲǳġĿǰΪֹֻ͵͵ҵһӥһһ
ҵ͹õġǿҪӥյϢԼٽԼϢݶǳҪϵһϢŦĽɫ
ӥھԲ˵ڶ׾͸
Ϊһ㣬ŸӥȥִɱʷǡɵʱԺ壬ǧʱڡ
ثҲ뵽ӥϴɵģޱȵס
û¾ͺãöҩ㣬̷ˣסࡣ
ӥû£ʯͷأ˫ֳ󣬻һ
һˣӥĲӰӹһĨǵɫȴʲôҲû˵ĿܿеϹܼҡ
һˣϹܼҺثĶԻҲе˹ؼĵط
ߣϹܼңҲҪ𣿡
ثɫ䣬ɫܲÿ
ǣˡʲôݣôܺͶᲢֻۣ֮У붼˵һ۶ѡ
Ϲܼ˫£΢΢һЦɫ
ثǰϹܼңбò
Ϲܼҷ̹ʱڣثѾˡʮʱ䣬ʵȻøǿˡ
ϹܼңΪ˼Сֵ𣿡
ثǰϹܼҵ
˵ͣثֲֻ֪һ˵Ƕѡ˵ˣΪЩһѡ
ǺǣҲ˵ˣֻǼСѡ˿ǵ۹Ķ֮ʯݺεֺαغͼСһʶ
Ϲܼ촽䶯˵
ң˵Ҳֻļ˶ѡΪ⼸ˣҪֵǷֵ꣬𣿡
Ϲܼҿһ۵ϵʬ
ثɫеŭͻȻ˺ܶࡣϹܼұʲôĿģһû˵
ȫһЩصĺ˶ѡ
޵ؽ磬ʲô࣬Ǻࡣڰ֣ɱĺ˶ǳɽɺˡ
δģսԸľǺˡ
ثԺأҲԺءǸԾ߱ǵ
ڰʷǡɡ
ȻδʷУʷ˼׹£ռ˼Ҫĵλ
Ǵʱ˿̣ث˵Ȼ塣
ثɱӯҰȻҲһˡ
ߣ˵أ
ϣثͻȻЦһ˵һ벻Ļ
ǻѪ۹ھ֮ռмصĵλثܲӣô䣬Ҳδ̫ʾˡ
ثڵĵλѾνѪȻҲò̫Զ
ԪΪ鹢ڻ𣿡
ͻȻһϵͺأ϶ǣԺ߲ͣͬϵ߽
ثһȴͻȻ֮ɫ
Ԫ֣˶ƺˡ˧ʱ֪Сֵ޼
ʸԪǽûС
֡ܽеģֻгܽ֡ثѾʮˣλȨأԪʲôܽеġ
ثȴ֪⾩ʦһǡǡܹôеġ
䣡
˾Ĵǰ࣡
ʮǰλһ仰ͥ룬װ׵ڴƶ޵ؽ磬˶ʮİ󶼻˶ʮķ磬˶ʮ


456 Ҹ棡
ڵثѽȣҲ˳λ˳˳͢ǵǸ߸ϣһ֮£֮ϵĴơࡱˡ
ȨƵλثҲѲ䣬٣ҪıϢ
ˣثȴ˿Ҵ⡣
ߣž䣬ɲΪӡҶ𱨣ΪСԼЩʲôӳҲ٣˹ҵĲ¡ҲǾˣӦ֪Դ˹۾ʲô³ɣ
ث
Ȼɫ䣬̬ȴ͸żּɵͶԴϹܼҵ̬ȽȻͬ
ⲻֻΪ˶ݣȻȥλȴʥˡķݡڳҰȻӵмӰΪث֪仹һλǿĵˡ
䲢ĵ£ĵϵΪڼʮǰѾ̳Ͽɡ
Ҫ־ڴˣѾΪĵ䡣
ͽսܵĴˣϵΪѽ£
ĵϵΪȴֶӰ졣ǡǡ෴ֻԽǿ󣬶ϵ趼Ҫߵöࡣ
ڵ껹ǡࡱֳʱľѾﵽ˼µĵز
ô꣬ثѾ֪Ϊﵽʲôز
ĵþ񹥻͸ֱӹ꣬ȻͬĵǰǿҲҵġ
ķݣôԶľ뻹ܹӦ﷢飬ʶֱԺ
ʵͿ֪
ȻҲô£飬ҳһǣ
ǲϵ͡أٴ˵Ժ
үү
һ࣬ԭڵϣ΢Уһ̣͵۾˵һλǴĻôһ̣ȷǸԼүү
벻үүҲˡ
д˷ܿƽ
Լһжô󣬵ھĻкҽõЩҶǶˣүүҪǲ֪ǲǹˡ
ߣ䣬Ҿ͵Ľͣ
һ࣬ثȴûôࡣ伴ȻѾ棬ټثݣʱҲٳ֡
ߣ
ثһ˦תߡ
޾ȻʣʱҲֻܸ뿪
һȣ
ثҪ뿪ʱһͻȻֹث˼⡢ԺӧǬܷ˶סˡ
Ϊ˶ˣ
ʲô
˴ġû֪ʲôжʼգ嶼ûнκεԭ
岢һ嶯ˣٺӴĴ󲿷ʱ͵ˡ
ͻȻֳ֮嶯ԽԻ󲻽⡣
Ŵˣ
³һ£վˮһһث˹ȥ
ѾıСѾ֮ǰư֮ˡȻС
Сӣʲô
ثعͷ壬ǲơ
ԺﾲĵģЩ˭Ҳ֪ʱʲôʱ̫ˡ
û˵ֻھثɵĵطסŲһ
һ仰һֱûл˵лڽڶʹ¼ʱ
һ䣬ȫһƬš
ث壬Ŀбò󣬱һЦ
ߣһΪأ
ثǼ
Ȼ֪˵ʲô͸֥溲߳͢Ҫʱ򣬿³ͷ֧塣
ثð󶼻Ǳֺݣ岻ֹһ飬ȻԼ
岻ᣬһӶ˵
ҲΪˣΪ壬ԷֹԼ֮ثвŻԽķŭ
˵ҡ𱨡ɲ˵
ܵǳʲôᣬҲܶ˶жôĲжжǷһݶ顣ݶ齫һỹġⲢҽס˵Ŀġ
һ˵ţһ߻ֱ̬Ҳ㾭֮ǰս㾭ô飬ثҲһƽ͵ثλ󶼻ǰҲû˿η塣
ثйâת´壬һ˿仯
㵽˵ʲô
ث
޵ĶУһݶǰĵ鱨档Ȼ巢ͻǼĲ죬ثҲ̫
ֻ˵ж֮ģʦԶޣΪ˳ӣǶ澴η֮İ

ˣ
仰ثһ˲ͱɫʷǡɱɱʱйַӦ
⣬ϣ˶СߵˣʱĵδվĶ棬վߵ˰
˵仰ʱĿȺеİɽϣ⡣
ثĿֵֹģܿͻָ
ߣ仰Ͳ˵ˣүүࡣ
ثЦ
ֻǵһЦÿɷ񡣿ثһȺ޾ʧڶبǽ⣬û˿ı仯
ثýȥԼҲ御ˡ
ثʲôˣһºثͻ²ثҲԡ
ֻԸӵкܴ⡣
ث̫ˣͬʱҲ̫Ըˣ
ʮľģʮ˳ּ֮꣬ǵ۹δġࡱʹثĿһУȵԸ
ԸѾһнԣͬʱʥʱ⣬һеĹĵز
ֹǻʵۣʵϣثѾ͵һЩϣʥʶŪĵزϡ
δɽݣʧȥ۹󶼻λãһȻǴ⣬ûзһ棬ȴҲδԸ¡
ԸеԴԸɽҪɽҲδܹɹˡ
δḶ́ɽΪܹڶ̶ʱڣɹĹثһ嶼ˡ
飬̫šɵ㡣¾Ҳˡ
ɽȻ쵽ثӣ忴ӿֻǸڰеʵλ̫áڶ̶ʱڣȡثס޾ģڵǰ޷ġ
ңثǵ۹ޣе̩ɽʵӽѾɼһߡɽһǵʵѾ㹻ѹЩˡ
ǱʥʽȨ֮󣬲һ꣬ث͡ա
գ
Ǹʲô˼ֶǿߵָ֮ѵأҲգֱǸЦ
忴鲻ɽܣȫǻ޻̸֮
ثȴȷɵʵ
Χŵһƽ٣ǰǰڷ̫̫Ի󲻽ˡ
ЩЩԸıġЩ顭޷ıġ
ϲǲϲثм˶Ҫϵģ
ثԺڵĵ۹˵Ǹ޴ʧѾȱų׵ʧȥ˿ơ

һܼ㽦̤ˮԶһ£ܿ
ǽ
ھʦеӵϤˡ
ʣսѾøǱҲѾ˹ˡ֮Щ飬ǹøҲ޷赲ġ
Ҳ߰ɣ
忪ڵһȺ˺ܿԺгڽ֮ǰʧӰ١


457 ͣ
˵ĳһʦҴжҲ֮һӰ죬Ǹոտʼ
Ϊʲôɱ
žһŭĺͻȻ˼žҹУԭǰĶͻȻ֮Ȼֹ
ڰоĵģеͻȻ֮ʧӰ٣Ҳޡһ˲ϢڿɢƺԤеʲôһǾ⡣
˵ʲô
·ֻһɲǣֺƹڣ˶ǸϤģ˹﷢
ΪʲôɱǸСӣ
ɽƺоʲô۾Ѫ죬ĶǰǵӰѡ
ɽˡô˧˵ģ
Ͻסڣ˧Ǹ

ǬvǬɫһ䣬ϽҲһ𾪵ġûиô˧˵
ûˣ
ޣΥ˧ѾɽȻô˧˵ֱǷˡ
ž
û˷ӦһֻǿƣͻȻžһ˰ɽϡ
ɽһƣͻȻض𣬴ֽһһ߰ǽϡ
ɶߣŰ̵̦ľʯһǽڣֱӱײķѣשͷɰײõǡ
ɽײڵϣ۵һѪȪֽ
Χ˵ͷҳ
ɽ̫ˡ
ֽ˭Ҳ⡣
ȷڸ˵𣿡
ث˫֣Įޱ飬ȴɢһĵ׷ΣϢ
˵ΣϢʵ̫Ϥ
ÿδ˧ϳϢʱ򣬰ĵص¾ͻʬ
ҪԼݣͰʷǡֻص׽ūص׽ūԭҪж١ҿ㣬ҲԻ㣬ˣٸҺú˵
Χĵģ´ǬvǬ涼ͷҳҿһۡ
ʦ̫Զ˧ܽ޵ؽ磬˧ԶʥʶЧĶࡣӵоԵȨ
ǣɽˣ˧ԭ£
ˮյڶ֪˶ã˶ڴɽ
ʹͷͷ£һ
ΧǬvгһһʱ嶯ʹ˧ײãɽ˹
ߣҵһʱͿĹΡ´Ρ֪
ث
һ䣬ᣬתȥ
˲ҵæϡ
죬ˮĴϡȻ˭Ҳûпث뿪֮󣬰ɽڵϣ̧ͷɢĳ£¶۾ǫͿ־壬ѪѪ죬Թ
һ죬һ㸶۵ģ
Ǹĵ׻صȻɽҡҡλΣվһǰȥ

ثԼˣԺսһ̣Ϣ˳һɵ˾ʦĸ䣬Ҳɵ˸Ҵļ
ѾˣһȴΪƣѾҹĻʱ֡˿û˯ȴԶֹôһСء
巢ڣ֪Ҵڶ
һﵽڸʲô
ƹ£Ҧһֽüѡ
ѾֹһνˡȻϣҦҲò˵СĶ𽥳ΪԼĸ󻼡
ҦǻۣôҲ벻ףҵǸСΪʲôͿô˵
ӽӵϢڣѾȥʱˣҦ˼˺ܾãû˼
ͬʱҦٻܿҪʲô֪ҪﵽʲôĿġ
һΣǿˡ
ѵôʦڵģΪɱһأ΢ͻʺˣôܣ
Ҧֶǵá
ΪţǾҦ̡
Ӧð
ҦüͷзŲѡȫԷͼĸомܡ
һĴܸС
ףԶԶﲻֲΣѵһжλ˼ַʽҲδֱ̫ӣ̫˰ɣȥôòϵ븸ָ㡣
Ҧ̾ϢһͻȻתͷ󷿼ﰲĸףһ
׳ķݣҴҦش飬Ͻķ̽
Խ¶ʱԽ̡Ҧռӵ棬Ҳܼϼ档ҦһԱ
ǰÿ껹ܼĴΣڣ¶һˡҦ죬ҦүҲȷԺķݡ
ȨֶõôԽ࣬ԽûЧáõԽ٣Խء
ԽصĶԽ˾η
Ҧ֪үӵ֮εͬѰҲòˡ
ﾲĵġ
Ҧүֻư߸ߵȣȴûںڰУһҡҷͶµӰסף˿С
ֻҡҷ⻹ϵ˸š
ﲻˡ
֪˶ãҦүͻȻЩĪζ˽ˣԶĵˡ
Ȼ˼ʮ꣬ҦҲòϣסڸڵλȷʵλ֪кһһˡ
ǫǫڼ󡢿ƣֻһ׬ȡֶΡ䣬ľˡ
ֹŰԸ䵱Ĵ֮Լλ࣬ʥʣʢĹͣٻȨһʱôܻᱻҦѹס
ҲԼԸ
ȻˣȴҲ£ܵ˵İ;һ㣬ҦѧҲѧġ
Ҫ˵ʲôҾҪӡۣҲʹֶΡ٣ǲġ
ҦүӷŹȣ۾ƺҲ˼
Ȼ֪ô£飬ʮа˾ţǺӵע⣬ûйϵ
͸һ˿΢΢ɻ
Ҧү벻ͨ黹Ĳ࣬ǽ췢飬ֹҦ죬Ҳ޷ס
ȻеĹؼжȫһ˵⡣ͬҲ벻ΪʲôҪô
ǸˣӦýֻһˣûʲôرĵطǰӦǴûмġΪʲôô
ϧΪ˲ϧث
Ҧүӱ۾
飬ҦʱҪͽȥˡȾ䣬پôӦԡ
ҦүͻȻڵ
ǣס
Ҧһ˿ɫܿͷ
ףôõĻᣬĲҪûѹһ𣿡
ߣô顣ҪȨҪʲôĻȥ֪ͨ°ɡ
ǣ
Ҧϲ
⡣
ҦүӷŹȣ֪뵽ʲôͻȻ
ȥһǸ˰ɣԺ˵õš
ǣ
Ҧһ𣬺ܿӦȥ


458 ɬ
ͬ鷢ھʦĸطҼʮ꣬жҲֻôһΡ
̫ˣȡ
ǵУͻȻһҰԡſĴЦһŽ˿ۣ͵ĺɫվڷУſֱۣĵûüǶҪˡ
ǰϵثثǲءеȥŶʯ󺣡һοǧѷĻᡣثȥңȴȥôҴ嶼ˣث̵סҪһѰ
һԣɽ߹ɫ֣أϹϾ
˵ҵӡţȥث⣬ҵ֪ͨºͽˣ˸ҲһϡҪСӾĶ׽ҵҪ˭
˵Ŀޱȡ
ڳ͢棬ʼľ֡Ҹ֮жݡ
ֻϧϴζԸҵļƻɣԸҵļμƻҲȫƻͱһӵ
ֻԼݣûа취޼ɵĶԸ塣ʦֵطĿڶ࣬Ҳкֶܶǲġ
һοɲһˣͶģ
谵УһĨĹâ
עǸƽҹҦҡʦеһڹСУԼҴУ˶ڲ²һ˲²͸ж
ھʦֵطܴʮģ󲿷ֶǾˣʶĲܣĶǡ
ϵζŷ֮ĶթЩ˶Ѽǿ飬֮١
ϣз鶼װ׵İǰûһ˸˵Լϵ׷ʲô
ǰδ

үү
ķУлһȻڵĹԼүүǰأүү˹ͬġŹϷĴبվұߡøվߡ
ֳϣҶ϶֧֮⣬˭Ҳܽ롣
еĿȫϡ
飬ʲôĶСֻһεжʵûκεĹϵ
еʵȫһ˵˼ȫŵĽ
ǣ嵽ΪʲôҪôЩ˶ȫ
ҸĻû⡣Ϸ飬ȸ¥﷢Щ飬Ҷ㴦Щû⣬ϾһˡܸңһеΪʲô𣿡
ب۴䣬ɫء
ǰûˡΪʲôҪôڿ˵𣿡
ĹøҲһߵ
ֻԼ֪˶ѹǷ˶ٵ飬黹Զûн
Ԥ뵽кܶ鷳
ֲںȻ֪ԭ򣬵Ƕǲ˼ȫΡ
鵽Ȼ漰˶󶼻ثֲ㼶Ĵû뵽ġ
˶ڵȴһ͡
棺ͼ͸¶͸¶ϢϢظ浽˺͵Ḷָ֮̌Ĺų⡣ʵԱ˲
Ϊ˱ͼй¶Ϊᱻһй¶жﵽΣ۳е㣬
촽䶯Ҫ˵һģ˿ڶ
һɲǼ䣬еĻһƬޡ
˵𣿡
尵ȻԤϵȻɬޱȡ
췢飬עںܶжǷģģֻǡ׽˶͸¶
һɲǣ˵Ĺ¼š
ߵĵ·ϣûһͬߡʹԼ֮⣬֪
ֹ¼ŵĸо̫ˣôƬ̣벻һе˵ࡣرжʧ֮
֪һǲܵġ
Լ˵үү󲮡øǿҲġ
үү󲮣ø𣿡
˼ã̧ͷɬ

بҪ˵һֻݵƾ˳ʹĻ
ӣ˵ɡ˵ʲôүү㡣
Ϸһֿ͸飬һеĿ⣬·
Ȱ˰ݡڷô֮ȴûпһֵ˼
û£˰ġŹҲûʥصĳ͢سϳվǰģֻһͨͨүүͨͨˡ
ֻһүү˵Ļ
ôһɲǣͻȻ޵ĳ嶯Ȼɽʲôû˵֪ΪʲôǸоүүƺѾʲô
ЩԺзӶǺܿ죬ͻָƽ
үү󲮣øûа취ϸԭ򣡡
ڵϣ۾Ѫ죺
һ㣬һҪҡɽǸˣҪĻɵ۹󻼣
ˣ
һ䣬˶ǻһĴبøүүж¶ɫ
ûڿЦɣ
بڵ
֪ô϶ɣبҲûϵᳶ۹֮ϡ
Լֶδ̫ˡǸˣѼ˴ϣֻثһͨĲͨĺˡ
ĺˣثڶİﲻ֪ж١
بһ㣬ҲʲôֵˡǰֵҲ飬⣬Ҳˡ
ɽȫǻԵɺϣʺˣո
ң֮ͶƣݣˡҲǽнжѡ
ûʲôݵĻνݡǶǺ˵Ļ˺Ҳڣֵܵζ͵˺ܶ࣬
ثĵֶ̣μңѹ˴ӲȻûʲôӡ£к˳ɵ
һ򲽣ĳʲôĺˣҲǸСɫѡʦʰһѣܳɵʲô۹Ļ
ҲһԵ
Ȼû˵˼ҲԣȻҲǺͬɡ
ʵǺȱ˵
󲮣ø֪ǲҡǸ˱ҪûпЦ˵ÿһֶġ

ƻû䣬յȻҫϡӴĵ۹ȻӷסأȻ׳Ӱ
ǿʢʱڵսȻתţȻ۷ӣȻ߰˷ֵʵ
Ȼ۹Ķ־ȴӵṩӴ󾭼ֵ֧ĺʵ
Ȼ˥·ϣ۹δûжϱ۷Ļᡣ
ҾҪҲкԶ
٣ÿ˶ôŲɡ
Ȼ˭񣬾۹ȴһĺˣžڶ̶ڴݻ١
ǳҸʱÿ˶ţ۹ǿҽᱻܿѹ
Ȼº۹ȴһȫϲķʽˣ˵Ľ¡
ԭҪʮŻɵ˥䣬ڶ̶µʱͱˣͿ̿ҰǿʢأһϦ֮仯Ϊ޵



459 ನ
ԼľһӯɽӯҰʬƬƬ嵹ķݽĿġĴأбʹ
ǳУ嶼ѣ˵ͨա
һεжǧѷĻᣬֻҪɱɽԼͿԱ˺ʮңֻϧԼʧˡ
ԼʧȥΨһĻᣡ
뵽оʹޱȡ
بĻжҡͷѡ壬һֱǷǳŵġ
ȥΪҲֵ֤ΡһΣֽʵǺš
үү㣡
ͻȻһϡϵ
ף
بֻعͷжһľ
ӣүү㣡
үүϷٴظԭһֱϷһʱȴŷ֣Ĵλվ
ǸĺӣүôȻвòôɡ
үү
ȭͷ۾ġʱûб˵Σ˸еֵ֧ˡ
ңǺʦй𣿡
үүվϷ΢΢ǰԽˡ
ˣ
һͨͨ仰Ĵب͹øֶһ֮ǰʱ򣬻Ļŷ
׵ĽͣһͻȻ˵ͨˡ
үү˵𣿡
ب
ʦ
Ҳڵ
Ϊȷʵкܶ˵ͨĵطĳصһоͲˡ
ҲԽͣΪʲôǸδı棬ȴǿҵĺ⣬ϧǰ󶼻ثˡ
⡭
Ҳסˡүү仰ʵǳԤϣʦĸֳԼסˡ
Ȼܼʲôʦĳ̶ֳүүĲ²Ҳ
ΪȻûмʲôʦԼǿ조ʦΪˣ۶δķչû˱ˡ
ЩͷԺзӶܿͻָƽ
ǣ
ͷ
ܸǸʦ𣿡
بŵ
ȴҡҡͷ
˵
بüͷ
ǣ
ԥһ£ҧҧٴεȻԸô¿֪δҲкܴơ
ڲ˵£õģҲ˽ܵˡ
بֻ࿴һۣüͷǸʦ棬Ҳûа취Ѱף֪Ϊʲôôˡ
ʦλȻ仹ǹУǴ󲿷ֶءҲΪˣ󲿷ֵʦҲ൱ƢŹ֡
µ͵ĬĬţԸƧԸ˴򽻵Ը֪ǹʿһ
˵ǸʦԸˣʦԸҲ
ӣȻԸʾǰǾˡ飬үүô㣿
Ȼүү
ʲô鵥ƾһ˵ġүү󲮣øô㣿
بҲڵһ档
Ȼڡ۹󻼡˵ЩԽܣֻɱһصĺ˵ĻôʲôɣبԺƽϵȥ
һԣҲ˵ͷ
ѪŨˮȻգҲѾҵһӡɱһˣҲԥȥ
һֱ
û˵ȴůůġⱲӣӵģҲģЩˡ
үү󲮡øллǡ
ôһ̣ķǳĶҪٴηжǺܿ죬ʹͷ
ɽʵǹؼԼ̫˿ɱˡգԼжȫʧˡ
һʧܵĪҵˣڶΣֱӳһ޾䣬ثֵ۹Ĵﶼˡ
֮ʯһֱԼģҪı˴һ׵£
ڰɽûʲôʱԼʧˣ嵣ٽȥʲôı
ңɽ˾裬һֵСġټث־ǿػѾûгֵĻˡ
ȻǽңǶثֵ۹س߽Ҳһûʲô취
˰ɣڵһ̫Сˣɱ֮ǰûɱֻܴԺˡ
а
սڣѾ׹ˣҲ˺ܶණɽʲôС磬ռżҪһϯ֮ء
ңҪ̡ɱ˰ɽǽȫͬ硣
԰ɽԲңԼʹ֮ǰ
ԼŻôȴɱ֮ʯŻԼҪĺ
κǰġżᵼ°ɽʵԽǿұ֮ҲԽԽǿ
ΪɽٻҲȻһ֡Լȴǡ
һףһȴôף
үү󲮣øҪǰһˣ
̧ͷͻȻڵ

ܿ뿪ķݣĴ󲮺͹øҲһ뿪뿪ķ֮󲻾ãһģèһĽŲӴĺ󷽴
ģһͷ˿Ŀ̶һ̲ˮӺ˳
ĸɲ豭ĲˮѾˡ
⺢ӿء
뿪ķϷ˵п硣
˵Ҳûа취
үӸ̾Ϣ
بȻΪȣΪүڵ̬ȣ֮ǰȻͬ
Ȼʲôʦ˵ȫ˵ġǲب֣壬ȫƭ
⺢һвѵĿԣĻԲԼ˶ŵġ
Ϸ̾Ϣŵ
һӾôķ꣬ôܿ˼ϵ̫ˣȴֺʲôѵĿԣ޷˵
˾ôĸ²ɣôԸüСΪѡүӲŻ˵Ƿ
үû˵ֻǴﴫһ̾Ϣ

ķ㡣
Ȼث֮ĳͻѾһ䣬֪黹ԶԶûн
ȥ̽һκȸ¥Ķ¥ҵǵġ
أȴȥ̽ʱѾȶ
רŵϣҪ˶õʱ䣬ӦþͿȬˡ
ֻǣϾ书ߣ֮󣬻һֱڻ֮Сûã֪ûΣգ뿪صֹԺ
ɽϣϮϮȻҹɫֹԺȴǵƻͨ˼⡢ԺӧԾ䣬ӢǬκܷ١ȫڣһվɽϣĬĬĿ壬ƺ˺ܾá
һжÿ˶˲ᡣҶֻ˼򵥵İҹɫ˭ҲûȥϢ˼
Ϊÿ˵жһͷͷ˭Ҳ˯ž
壡
һǰ˼ڴ˳šɫأɫҲòȥ
Ժս֮˶ķԸصֹԺÿ˶һڵȴһ͡
ж̫Ī˲ĵطˡͻȻжĿ꣬ͻȻֵһȺˣȻǲͣ׷ɱһǺҪĺˡ
˭Ҳû뵽Щ˵ıֵǡث
˲ΪʲôսҲûʲôñԹģϾԼѡ
Ҫһͣ
Ҫ֪ԼΪʲôҪô
ҹɫžһ˫˫۾˷壬ƺڴʲô˭Ҳû˵ɽϳ˺ķʲôҲûС
建̧ͷһɲ˼ͷһԺзӶ
ûа취̫࣡
ҹɫƮӭ˵Ŀ⣬üᶨ
һҿԸǣ飬ǲڵģ
ɽϣĵġ
˶壬Ҳˣ˭Ҳû˵һ˲Ʈ
ʱһ̷·ֹÿһ붼
㣡
˼ͻȻȺ˳һƼž
Ȼǲ֪Ϊʲô仰㹻ˡ㣡
Ҳ㡣ûôģһ˵ôô
ڶ߳Ǭ
ĳĽ䱻һ£ͻȻЩʪʪġ
ǺǣƾǾ仰ͻʶǸ㡣Ժʲô飬ٺԼҾȫԸ
ԺӧҲ΢Ц˳
ⲻһκӴԼж֤ԼǸʱѡ壬ʱȻҲỳ
лл
ж
Ǻǣү㲻ظҽʲôʲôҶվߡ
Ƭ֮ԾҲȺ˳ȻȻվߡֻɽϵţŻվһ
ԼүûлɡΪ˱ⱻᣬվվⷭ˵
˰˼⡢ԺӧǬԾǳ棬ԽԽ˳
㣡
㣡
㣡
㣡

²á֪ׯƽΤ˼һһӰ˳
ÿ˶˵ʵĻ˵жŶ֧֣
һ
ҹ䣬Ȼһ˫˫ϤĿ⣬ЩĿмᶨֻ֧֣ůġ
ɲ꣬ǡʯղɴ
һεжûдˣ˵ĸУ񿴵һ˫εĳš
ԼԼպİףѡԼ粢սĻ飬ڻΣ


460 䣡һ
˼⡢ԺӧǬ˺ܿˣ١ܷҲʧκֹԺҲ뿪
ҹܶ˶ɽ
ͬһǺܶҲҪȥһˣڷô֮󣬸һ͡
ԭֹԺжʱͻȻ֮Ͱֻȵĵƻںҡҷڶ

һҹӥͻȻͷϴźķɽ
жã
ҹɫȣվɽıԵ˫֣ȺɽһҹϮϮ۽ǣԽĸе⡣
Ѿڳˣ˵Ѿɳ棬˵Ҳж
ڰдӥǡ
վ߲ԶϢֻոմշҹӥһŸոնİɫֽڷƬ
嶯Ҫ۵ģȸ¥˲ٵĺˣǱԵԺҲвٵ
ӽ£ʦصأô飬漰װеثֶĵ۹߽سʹǱ߲޶á
֮ǰսʱЩ˵ǷӦֻ񣬳䶨ʣЩץġ
⣬µĴǿ±ĻҪ죡
һ˵꣬ӥüŨŨơ
ͺѾǵһηͻˡһε飬ͺ޹صġ
һ˲ٵĺˣһЩǾʦĴ̣ǡǡǺµĹϽ롣
µλأȨܴԸҲһˡֻʱ򣬰ҵȨƣСģûиǻᣬһֱκβ
һΡ
ȴȥģ
ɫƽϲû̫⡣
κ鶼д۵ģжʱѾ뵽Ѿһ֮֡
岢η塣
̰ͼ»η壻̰Ҳη塣ΪˣЩѿ
֮ԳֻΪһĿģֻΪһɡ
ԣ֮һԣҲȰοԼԡ
Բܴ£Ǻ£嶼⡣ĴЩ
֪ˡһǴ£Ǻµ˳֣ˡ
˰֣Ĳɵ
⡭ǣӣ
ӥҧҧڵͷ
û˵ʲôҹдķЩ紵ǳҲ
ֹɽıĿĵһɽȥɽжѾʧˣ˽֮Ҫúõ˼˼Ժ󵽵׸ôָЩʲô
ЩоԶ޷ƽ

ʱ仺ĹȥһȺɽ֮Уûκһ˸Լ
֪ߵնѾסΪԼһֱôȥȻķչȴԶԶͬ

һͻȻУȺɽеĽȻͬɽֵҲ˼
üͷʶ̧ͷ͸ɵգ谵Ĺߣһۿϵգһֻ޴ĴԼ
ֻӥӥȸȸӴ󣬻͸һɽɫͨӥϡ
ȻעģȴֻһĺɫԲ
ˣ
ֻϵĺɫԲԭɵ񣬾ͺ񱻻һ£ͻȻ֮ѡ
һַǳõĸоӿ˸飬˿ﻹһ˯⡣
ϵֻ
һֻӥȵѪĸ̲ͣٶȼ죬Բվսġࡱ
ӥ
һвص㣬صǣֻӥ֮󻨷Ѫ;ѵġӥڰǰѾ͸˶ǣ˵۹ϡ
ֻӥͣ󣬿ͻƺ֮Ŀ͸ǵʱ򣬽ķǳ
ֻӥ򲻵ѣּΣյмشҪ㱨Բ׶֡
ԣܶϴֻӥûùƽϢͨķʽ
ֻӥͻȻֻһǾǵ۹Ϸ˾䣬һǼشı仯
ôᡭģΪʲôᶯֻ񣿡
üͷͻȻּ䲻õĸо

˼ɲǣХӥĿѩ˴ֻ޴Ľɫ򣬼ٶȣ
ʶֱۡ
䣡
ҡضͬʱһģսͻȻԺ
һ꣬ۻ400㣬ʽ˵񡯡µĳƺš˵ƿߡǿǿԿԼ׵ͬʱȫµĽݡ
ʧܣѰµ
䣬ԺǳζȻ룬һ̣¡¡޾Ѫӿ
ǰط·һѪɴеһж͸һŨѪɫ
ͬһʱ䣬Ӱ·ˮһ


461 䣨
˵ݣ
רţϮ£֮ݺ׺գ۹ıһһϦкĩɼ
䣡
ɲ֮䣬ǰѪʢĻ¡¡һƬ޴½سǰ
أ
Ȼǵһμȴȷɡ
һ̣¡ϣĿУϴغȻһƬѪ𣬲ѸٻΪһƬϵ棬ϴϯޡ
ֻ֮䣬Ӵ½رܵĻ֮С

س٣һĲҽͻȻĶУ·Ҫ˺˵ĶĤţһ˵Ĳҽʮٸǧ˵ĲҽС
¡¡Ľ׷׵ڻŨлΪʬ壬ʬ壬ϵģٵģ׳ģӤ׶ģŮ˵ģ˵ġǧʬŨ̺ͻжѻһ𣬻һʬɽǰ鲼ء
ʬɽʬɽ֮䣬ŨѪҺӿȣ罭Х޴ء
ĦĽ֮ãã޾ǵصս죬ԭĴݺ۳ң
Ⱦ죬ݡ
һĻ忴ѪƮ۵İ׹ǣһŨصµ졣
˽ʢ۹һǧԭĻ֮Ϊҽ

һУۣУֻ޴Ľɫӥſ䵽ֱϡ
κķչж߿Ѱ˥κε۹ĸ棬硣
ϱر㣬һĵ۹нľһյУȻ¡ʧ¹֮ڴأŽѾ졣һȻȻ£ĽǼȺޣ
ᣬҪôⳡսҪôԨԽԽԶֱ𣡡
˵۹衯ʽʼ

ɫӥ˫£վֱһǿ̣Ժ֮ʯһҲ֮ʧ
ֻӥֻоһɺоǰδеı䡣
گ֮ս
ԺӾζԺֻ뵽һ顣
ֻϵگ֮ս֮ʯЩ档ôܣگ֮սǻаŻᷢ
Ϊʲôڣȫ޷ܡ
ģԲģ
һ˿ϣ৵һӥϵĽԲͲ
ԲͲֻһͰ͵ţϵּǳʲݣóڷǳ´Ҵææдġ
ֽеµѪ
ֽϵּ廹һ˳ǶǵּѾӥ￴ּˡ
³ү
Ƿϡ
չӷԸ֮ÿ뽣̫ӽӴ䣬Σ״
һʲݣżԳ̿ҵĺۼƺĳҵ¯дġ
گ۹޷Ů뾳󡭡չӷԸмӹӣȻӹӲ޿ɡ
޷Ůʮգ
һ²κεķ֣
ʮգ½̫ظݼӡŲڡŮụӹӱɱʬϡ޷Ůɱ𾪣̫ͻȻˣô᣿
̫ظ𡭡뿪̫ظİ˳ûʵǿ²Ƕ֣
گǣƣչӷԸ¼ʱӷظУν׼ɱ¾ӣ׼뿪ͻȻд˳֣ˡ
ּԽԽʲݣֱּܶ治塣ƺܵƵӰ죬ȫ뵽д
ǶǵѪ
ͻȻżϵǵµѪǶǵѪϵһעص㣬Զȥ֮ǰԸӵ飬޾ϸһҪȫ㱨
ˣǲִټ䷢̫̫ͻȻֲȫдԲŻַʽ뵽д
г˴ơگеۿɱگ𣬵ʬ塭
˵׷ѰӣһԲȫںңеĹȫ׼򯣬ƺõӵʬ졣ףɱӣһڳУ׼ɱʱкܶĻᣬΪʲôǸʱ򲻶֣
ӻУѾ¹ӵҩ̫ԻˡŸ뱻˲񣬳еϢȫ޷ȥǺˣ
еگҶ֮ǰӵķԸѾ׼һص
Щ׷ţʱбֵΣգûдϢĻᣡûдϢĻᡭ
콫һγԣүģһʹ̫ͳ

ż˵˴ûġ
һѾȷˡ
گ֮ս
گ֮ս
еһ˿ϣڿ˴Ҳ֮ˣһƬ䡣ڱ֮һǰδеķҡͲ
ǰʲôҲûУȴк¡¡ľ죬ڤڤУ·𿴵˵۹ϴ䡢һŨҵΣϢ
ΪʲôΪʲô
ԺһƬҡ
սԶԶģ·۹ĳŻ򿪵ʦ֮лһƬƽȻ֮⣬û۹ʲô
ɽɱѾʧˣû뵽گ֮սȴҲʱʼ


462 ǰƽһ
گ˹شϣʮȫûϷŻ󿪣Ϳ̿
Ȼ⻹أϻ¶̬Ҳﵽıϡ
˶ħѾ򿪣ȴ۹Ľһǰδеѣ
ʯ䣬ͷӹԺֻû䣬
Уһлûз͢ҲûֻҪʮϾ񣬹¾룬һоͻлᣡ
ͷתϱѾû䣬Լֻһصӣ޷ֲιģĵ۹ս
ڲͬһû䣬Ľ˻ʯֻҪ˵󲮺һоͻлᡣ
Уھͱȥ󲮺
תҲľҪɽȥ󲮺ڱӵо޴ӰֻҪֹ͢ôһлصء
گ֮սδһᷢ
٣ʮƾûȫûĻôһжȻͬ
壡ȥ
תͷɲǣâһؼͻȻһĴȴһӰ·һͻȻɽïܵг𣬺¡һص׹ǰ
°참һ˰ɣ
ɫƮƮɢһɽͰصϢ
ϵĺµı־ʱɫ䡣
ˣ
Ҳ룬һݣȻһ˳ȥӲºµˣҲں
ǾԲʱ򣬾Բڣ
䣡
Ȼݳȥͬʱ¡һһӰľ׮ֱĴ׹£بǰ
ɫ䣬ϵĺ±־Ŀ
ӣɣ
Ӳģ
ймҹ棡ӷͬ㻹𣿡

һӴջص䣬һһӰ׹䡣
ĵ˷̶ʱڣӰͬʱͬһ㣬Χ룬еȥ
Щˣٶ侳ĸ֣
ӹɽͷܶԶԶŷĳأ忴˹͢Ľµ˸ĸ֡һŰΧɽ
һҹʱ䣬ڸϵֹԺˡ
һ䣬˲ͣ˽Ų

䣡
屻׽ϢǶ䶯ˡ
ҹĶھʦͷûв֪ġ˵Ķڹעķչ
ڳ͢ϣҲݱһ¡ץôİѱҦҡȻںƲȾ飬˾ȵģǽ¡ͬʱĹϽȨ͹ѺȨ
ǰûз
鴫ʦİ֮ҲǷзϸڴӳ͢󣬾ҲһƬ֡
ʳ֮أӽ£Ĵٵĸֳȸ¥Ҷ˵ľͿʼεɱˣǷĻʳڶ
֮ǣ浽ڶҡŷ壬ѵӪѵӪѵӪ۹ѵӪѧþʦİһ˼Ѫһ
̫ˡ
˵ʼΪԼҵıȸ¥ֻ⣬ž¥һ˲ܣһ󶼻ثµС׷Ǹתۡ
廹ثɱµһˡ߸δı棡
̫̫ɵˣ
ΪʲôҪôΪõô󶯸ɸ𣿻ǸˣΪʲôδı棬ȴһ޵ӣ
Ѻĵڶ죬һķչһﱻʱ򣬾˵ǾʦпֵİգһֱڱƲҦҺҲĿɿڴ
ֵܣɽͰ꣬ТڵһֵܣȻǰĸ˼˳
¡
Ϣ˵ҦҺѾ׼ҶǴΪԾ
һжֹ˰󶼻ثȻͬʱ˰˼˳
ڴƵ۹˼˳ĵλȻȲϺеثãҲȲϺ֮죬ΪͬʱӦԶͻʺĴڣ˼˳ĵλԲڸ溲֮
ĳЩ滹ʤ
ҺͺܶĲͬ˼˳Ȼ߸ϣλӰĸͼᡣ
۹󶼻УᣬĸδǱ
һжثȻ˱ͥİ˼˳˶û뵽ġ
͢ﱾѾҵۣǳĵظ췭
ǲ۵μңȴб˼Ŀƣ


463 ǰƽ
ӥѾ֮ˡ
ھֵǷʱֻһϵ˻żȵԡΪǣΪǶ廹żĺ
һǿ
ɣ
һУ߸ߵ̨ϣһµĸĿӥڷͨеźš
л
ӥһӣֵһлȻȥ⣬Ѿӥʱ֮ˡ
ڽȥ֮ǰӥٴһۣһܶĹŵʽɫߣΧдУ˸ߴľļž
ʵϣȴһ۲۵ļ
ﲻǴ£ҲǺ£ǽĵ̣ڹѺĵطκˣӵбӥһҲ׿
ʦûб䶯ˡһ۹Ĵ󶼻һ۹ĸһ磬ټ۹ҦҡûбӰġ
ĶϷ
ڱ಩ģ¡Ҳڱȫ¼ĹϽȨ
˭ҲԸĽھǵܵʱΪļ֮ء
ΧȫǽŴ¡µĸ֣ӣලͬʱֹͬػ䱸ɭϣ˸޷ӽ
ӣ
ӥջĿ⣬ӹһĨǵɫ¸ֵ£̤ܿ䡰𡱡
棬İžֻ΢Ĺâ涼ɫʯשֱ̤͸
岽һڣʮһڣһ£µĸפ棬һӥǲơ
ڵĳ͢棬Ը壬ذģǴºͺ¡ӥǰͲܡ
ֻܺذ壬Ǵºͺ֮˴ҲͬʱĹϽȨ
Ϊ޹أйشºͺµš
Ÿӥᣡ
ӥûΧƵ񣬵ͷǰȥ䡰𡱵ĵӥڼ塣
ӣ
ĵһۣӥ̲ס۾һᡣһդ峤ɢסգڵϣһͺľһ
ʱ䣬Ƥ԰ףһ˰㡣
ôãӥӡһֱַӡ⻹һο㲵ӡ
ӥˣ
ƺӥһ£ŤͷƤݣȦڣͺܳʱûкϹһ
Χɢźֽܶţ飬д˺ܶණʱһֱһ
ӣģһ취ȥģ
ӥȥסεդ
ҳȥǺǣΪڵ𣿡
ЦҡҡͷͷɢĳŲ˰ҡ
Ȼ㲲ľȴ俺ܣͨ˻Ҫ
ȻԽˣӥоԽǵġ
ӥ˵ˡ㣬жǵϢ𣿡
ʵ
ûС
˵£ӥҡҡͷ
ǺͶ֮еϵȫжϣҪõµϢҲҪ֮󣡡
һ˿Ȼɫܿͻָ
Ȼ׺ͣȴѾҵķԸǰھ˲صû⣬Կ԰ȫ뿪ġ
ҺͶǶǡһΡˣʲôҲ׼ԹӸõġ
ӥƽ书ǿѴﵽ侳ɱҲô׵¡
֮£ǰ塣ڵ״̬Բ
ңӥһɻ
Ͻ飬Ǽ٣Ҳһǳص顣飬ڱͥڰڰ¤
һǳػ᲻ϵķᣬʧռ죬ʧռ졭ڱشˡ
ȴԵü䲻ͬϸķݼŹبˣصֹԺʱʵǺġ
һеı仯ȫڶǵǷϡ
û˵Ƕǻӣ嶼ϣǳ¡ѾԼսˡ
ֹ£УҲ־ͬϵѡߣִǿĸʵ̫ˡ
εگ¼Ѿֵ֤Լ
ȻԸŰ壬ȱͨȴǲ۲۵ҳһܹΪ۹ҽҵˣӦ³
Ҫľˡ
⣬黹̫ʡѾگռ죬飬һ޴񣬳˶Ǻӣû˵浽׷ʲôˡ
ʡ
ЩͷԺзܿͶ𽣸е飬»һ飬ĵģ


464 е壡
ӥôˣ
΢΢̧ͷ
¡úܽ棬Ҳ˷ǣȸֽĸǵС󲿷ֻ֧ǵġҪǰæ棬ǿºͺͰѹǵ˽İȥˡ
ӥǲ
ЦЦǰڽȸ֣ʱȴתơӥ˵ģڽ棬㻥ϵҲϣǾڱ
Ͼȸֽܿһ˵
Ҵô
ʵ
У
ӥҡҡͷüӹһĨɬɫ
ºͺڸͲҵ˽Ҳ˺ܴĴۣŪ˱ķܹҲĥҺܳʱ䡣Ǳߣ¶ʱڸܽ
ΣһҪһˣ
ͻȻ
⣬Ҵ󲮣۷ʲô飬Ҳʲô飬ڼ֮ǰ¾ԲҪκεһҪӥס𣿡

ӥ΢΢һ˵ⷭʱǳ࣬ӥҲټӡ
ӣҪʲô𣿡
ӥ
Ҳˡÿϳʱ򣬾Զд·
ӥǵҵĻסһ©ĸ
ҡҡͷɫǰδе
⣬һһҪ齻㣡Ҫ̵ʱɣ
˵һȫˣ
ӥҲ
ܺã
ʳָָ⳯£סһխխֽƬһֽƬͬʸһ˳ȥƮӥУ
ҹ滮õĵͼӥҪʱ䣬Ұȥ

ӥԭ򶨵飬仰ʱ˲䵴Ȼ޴档
ӣ
ӥȻһǾĿ塣
ΪʲôҪ
Ϣ̫ͻȻˣӥĵһӦԼǲˡӵдʱͿʯӴĲƲֹԺȵȣҪأҲ߷ģĺͿʯǾ뾩Ǽʮ
ͿʯһյģȴǿһϵĴУ壬һϾ˲ţĵĴڡ
ֻҪεĵһ嶼ƾ費˥סԼĵλ
һǰûʲôԴ巢֮󣬺ʣͳҵĸ
ֻзӲŻ뵽
֪嵱ֺαصأ
ӥ˵֪ʲôûз裬Ҳûʧȥǣ˵ĻȥˣҪ

鶨Ŀѩһ㶼ûзӡӥ뷨ﲻ֪£ô־
ڼ죬ǡǡ˼ǵĽ
ǲܴаٴȥġ
ӥԶ֪һ޴ĺƽϮǳ粨ʲôֲսһ޴ƽٵĿˡ
ⳡƽϮû˿Զû⣬ᱬըĴаٴ
ڵ嵣ĵĲԸҴ棬ǳ۹ս
ԤԤϡԼļƲܲЧֹܲ嶼׼
۹¶ܶ޷ƣϳǳʧصϢ֪
ǵϢԶȳ͢Ҫö࣬嵱öӣڷЧ
ڳеЩ󳼣֪ϷʲôҲ֪Լʲô
ֻǣȴ޷泯ϵЩس
֮£ԶƾǵһžƫƫŵġԼϢҲֻܾĵȴϢ
ơگ˹أƽʮ֮½ϵ۹ӭʮδйľ޴ս
ⳡս漰ʮĶ֣ʮĴƾ񣬼ܼƽʮ˵սģ
ֹģޡͥǰ¤Ǵδ۴Ƶʷֽʮ˵ӴսĴҲָٷ
Ѿ˥Ԩ
ҪģǾⳡսһսⲻˣͱ׼
һǰδеӴս漰ʮְҵ˵սԲκһˣκһԼ򵥿⡣
ҪıⳡսıƵˣͱӵһ
Ǯ
ǮκӴƸ
սǼ򵥵еƴɱǾõսҪ뷢һսӵӴľãԼ󱸴
ͬģҪһսҲӵ㹻ĲƸǳӴĲƸ
ƸԽ󣬽սʾԽߡ
£ʲƸ˵ĲǾκһŷ㾡ȫĲܴﵽ
Ѿǵһң߼ҵ롣
˵ֻпܳＯʽ
ڣ޷ƣϳǳʧصϢ·ϣûдʦʱ̫á
ʱ̫ࡣ
Ϣʦ֮ǰĻϵս嵭ǵκλ
ǸʱʽҲ޻ᣡ


465 ң
⣬Ҫһ飡
嵭ȴࣺ
ھѼӵевƸͳͳ͵żȥ߾żҵļȸԿʼȫˣ
žž˵ʳжָڵһָֽƬΧԶĵϷ𣬼һӥС
ûҵͣǲῪʼġ

ǣӣ⡭鵱ԸҪ͵£ǧҪȡκж죬Ҫ鷳𣿡
˲ˣٲʹԺûлˣ
ͷ̾Ϣһ
ӥĿ壬Ȼ˵ÿһЩһһ仰û
һӥǿȷģЩȫѾ˵ġΪκˣҲΪκı䡣
ǣӣ
ӥ΢΢ϥڵͷɻ֮䣬ӥջѡ壡
ͬһ
⣬ټԾǡ
еݳһֽ
ǣӣ
ӥûʲô
ЩֽƬϢӥܿ뿪⴦
ﾲĵģӥ뿪֮ٴεͷ۾ŵϣһ
ϸȥΧĵϣһݺύϸСۡ
վ濴ȥͻᷢݺύϸС۹ͬһͼһӵģͬʱ꾡ĴƵ۹ϱĵͼ
ֽƬɢΧĵϣЩֽƬддȫϵġ
ǲƾԶԶеģ׻
üͷԼ˭Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ϱ߾ѾΣʮگʮ˹شһսһ𣬴ϱ߾һֱల£ȴǿнͬʱǶ
ڶһջ£
ΪһҪģƣҲʮѰһ

¡
ͬһžʯͶˮУӥ뿪ΣҪϢʱʦҴ壬ŷѫȫˡ
ʲôҪ𣿡
ƼҼõϢ۾ˡһӦˣҪȻϢˡ
һвƲУзģʾеˡô뵽Ҫ
ҾȻҪ˦򣡸ҷûҿƾʲôţ
չĸϣհһϣһֽĵĹЦ
һУǶ档ֻƴհҲòȴûзע塣
ҾȻԸֱǧѷĻᡣһΣհؾаտ˵ףȫе
úúãҪΪʲô򣿴ȥռǳ̼еʽ𣬾ǽҲðǮŪ
Ĵ֮һǳ̼ҵĸۡ̼ҼҲǿеֽüɫ裬ϲɫ
ǸףϴΣǲǻ˼һ᲻ᡭ
һԣ̼ҼĶӳ̹ӳСݷ̲Ǽǵ¥ȸֵʱ򣬳̼ҿûٵ
ž
˵꣬ͷϾͰһڣ
һһ£̣С֪ʲôСҪǲԸ⣬Ҳóˣ
ͬҲĵط
ףô죿
󽫾УͬеϢһԼĸ״󽫾˼
Ȼǵ۹ʵȨȲث졢֥ʮ򣬼ʮִһӵɱȨ
ǰ˼ͬ޾ųһڵ۹ͬӵоصá
ӵĻ˼ʱȴǳĬ
ͬͶĹ⾰׷Ѿ̫ڻʵʱڵ顣ȵ۵ĶʱɢΪУ˼֮ڰĽ컹ܴͬ˵۷壬ѹͻںľһݶԻҵҳϺͼ˵Ľ
ֻǣͬ˵ҲȵĽ
ûݽͬ޾ҲΪ¸λϵǿˡڶʹ¼һֽ˼󽫾Ҳ൱ѿ
棬˼ҲòȥҵүҲͰˣ˼ҲԼˡ
ǱһʮСƳ˼ʹ죬ô᲻ǵã
ȥռͬ˵䱦ɻƽжɣ
˼
ǣף
ͬϲ˸׵˼תɶȥ޼֮ҳԺڵġ
ͬ⹺ȻҲǶҪһѵ
ڲƸͬʲôʱں鱦
尡壬ʱͺȥɣ
ͬйЦѸɶȥ
Ҧҡҵͬɻ󲻽⡣
ףСӵʲô
ҦҸϣҦüͷһɻȻڷͷϱѹһͷҦȴ
ⷭٶǿɡ
Ҫ֪ʲôҪ֪ôҪõʲôʣҪͨȡǮǴĽǮ
Ҧͷ˸һ˼Ĺâ
ҪôǮʲôСӵǮѾɵй˰ɣôǮĵط
Ҧ
Ƹﵽһ̶ȣֻһһ֡ҦƵĶңˡ
Ƹﵽһ̶ȣǸòôǮġǸʱǮӣҲֻһˣûʲôı䡣
ߣǿ϶ǻôࡣСӿɲһ
Ҧ̧ͷЦ
Ҧɲɵӣƾȸ־һӴĲƸЩƸ൱һֶʧ٣Ī֪ȥ
ȻҦһʱûƾҦҵǴܲ׽һ˿켣ġ
ֻ뷨ʵ̫ĪԴȡЩǲˣҦҲȫʲô
٣ЩжҦ쿴ȫû壡
ףĻǾԲóѣ
Ҧ͵һ˿ɫԥ
ߣˣ
ҦЦһеġϢĿ䡢
СҪôǮʲôǸ͵ȥСҪôǮȥ췴Ҳپȥ٣Ҧ飬Ϊʲô
סˡҪ£
Ҧһָͷ
Ҧһֶ˵ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬оҴǣͳͳͬһ
һʦﰵӿľľôչҦһֻңֱܾ֮󣬲Լڵʱʲô

ӥ׼ԶҪö࣬Ϣ֮󣬼ڵϣӥڵϱչ
ϵһŵأɷԲ㹻ļƽ𣡡
򣡡
򣡡
ʮһ򣡡
ʮ򣡡
ʮ򣡡

ھʦһƫƧĺͬȺ飬оʦҴ弸ȫڴˣӥһ䣬ͬһʯ£ʱһƬȻ
˷·һ㣬׷׳ֻۣǶ̶ʱڣһɷԲʹͻƵʮͻƵ˶ʮ
һ̣˵飬׼ӥҲʼϲ


466 ŭľʦ
գ
Ųҡڻ谵ĵ̨һ׽׵Ļصӥһʱ򣬰еҲӭһÿ͡
ѩɫĮϹźµı־ȴʶ
壬㵽׸ʲô
֣ۻŲӣߵդˣŸդӣڵϵ塣
֣˲ȥѹ𣿡
ͷҲ̧
弥֣ӹһĨŭĳ죺
壡㲻Ҫ̫⣡Ϊ㻹ȥƴ󣬵ܲǺ
ҿɴû˵ҿԲֵⲻ˵𣿡
嵭
㣡
֣ŭһ͵һ˦ӣ
壬ԼĻᣡ컯գȻڵ۶ɱˡҵ׻û
仰Ŀһ£һû
Щ飬ǱҪȥġ㲻ףҲ㡣ȵԺͻ֪Լ˵ĵʲô
ߣɱ˳ймҹ棬ӷͬ㣬壬ٴҲҪε
֣
ʦ棬ǰĺºϵͷ˵ʦһúº֮ǣâڱĻǺʣˣ
ƫƫֲͨӵܣҲûôçײôô˺¶û취
λץסĻôԺ󶼺ѰŪȥˡ
ĬȻûнȥ
ҵϣܹԸֻǿϧǿ¹زסҡ
嵭¶һ˿˸С
ߣ壬ҪΪЩǲ֪㣬ŪٶǮҲһûá
֣Ц
ԣһжΪ𣿡
Ȼ̧ͷЦĿһ㡣
֣ɫһϣʱ˵
ߣҲ֪˵ʲô
֣ȴĿȴԾŤһߣҺĿӴ
ǣʲôʱʦҲֵúôˣôӥһúܶɣȻ¶Щסˡر̽ң
ȻЦ
ȻЦЦĿȴ䣬·ֱ͸ģ֣Ȼͳճܶ࣬ʮǰȻҲɫڨڨ·壬ûκεһǲˡ
ӥھ鵱Ȼ¡ɵ鷳̶ȺͶԺµġв̶ȣôܲϷءȥע
˵κһ춯£
ԺµݵλԼȨƣһʮȻ֣£ֱǰδС
ǵɵ鷳֮ǰĽڶʹ¼˹¼ֻεġ
£֣ڣû˾СʮѾͱô¨ˣٴ㣬ǻˡ
ٲ취Ը壬ؽ⡱Ժ󻹲֪ǳ鷳
ߣ壬Ҫ⣡ºͺ¾ͿЭ飬ʱһôЦó
֣͵һ˦䣬ŭˡ
ºͺ¡
忴֣۵ıӰ÷һ̾Ϣ
ܴºͺ׼ôԸЩѾҪˡΪһ޴ķ籩ϯ۹
¡
ϵϢıĻҪö֣࣬뿪ηĵڶ죬һϢ۹
گ۹Ĺ޷ӣϮϱ߽̫ǣ̫ɱǳؼݻٴ
Ѿǰǰˣ޷ｫϢߵİ϶֪
һֱگĴȫأЩòŷⳡҾ硣
Ϣٹ𶯣͢£˶𾪵˵
飡
һֻصϣĵͨ죬嶼ˡ
ʣ޷ǷôңȻҹƵĳǳأ
˵ⷭˣǱˣȴһеʷ뷢ţŭڣŭ֮
ƣ϶ʲôȥˡô꣬͢һȱǸ֮أôľ룬һǳرƶ֪
޷Ҫ췴𣡴ƶȻҶ𱨣Դ֣
̳޷
گ̫ˣ

ĳ䳼һЩƽ;²մߵţ˶޷Ｄŭˡ
һЩĹԱֱӾڳԸˡ
ʤ˱ҳ¡꣬Χǿţսᷴûз
¤бͥȫзһεȫͬ
ȻҲûдﵽֹģûз޷ֲεĴԹƱ߾
ϱƽʮ꣬ƺگһֱల¡ҺΧǿͬƶگṩ˺ܶ
֣ԣĻȫһġ
˵ʦôگѧһΣѧȴʦ˴Ƶĳǳأһ̫ص
˸о˱ѣ


467 ͢
Ȼĳ䣬گ˹۹вŵ
棬ﾭ̵˲ϵ鴫ʦʬɽѪĲ״ҲǳϵһֽżԾġ
޷ǷŭģҲǺֵġԳǳĲ״֪
սսگ
͢ڸʲô˹˶Ǵˣ͢Ϊʲô֣
ǣǺݺݵһѵ
ѪծѪһҪΪȥĺ񱨳𣡡

˶ŭˡ̫ƽʮܹ꣬ƾ輸ʮѹΧӴĶͻʺ߾۹˹ص۹گ۹֮صĴʳ֧ҲĴɵľ޿Ӵʵ
ô޿ǿҫƵİաϵս£аոоð
кͱðĸоɷŭʱ׵ľϵİ϶
³Ϊǰεİ϶󶼻ǳž޴ѹ
ʶͨʲôҰѰ϶Ȼͱô©
鸮У³͵һϣͨ졣
ĵ̣ڱʮ꣬ССûгκβگ˹شΪ۹֮ǰ׽еġ
ֻ³û뵽Լò׵óԸϱλãȻƨɻûȣڲûϤϱԼפؾͷ顣
³Խܵǣ޷ô飬ͨ߾ȻûһϢ
ֱ޷ﶼѾ˾ˣͨŷϢԼô
ھʦ˶ָֽ͢͢ѹת޵Լϣ³âڱձ
ôһʱ䣬ݷ󳼶̤żһȻûֱ˵ﰵﶼָǰεİϴ󶼻
͢ʷ˺üֱָΡ³˾޴ѹ
ҲͰˣǳ͢ʷûܹ¡ڴļ¼ʷ̵ĳ͢سҲ
һŪãλÿܻûȾѾˡ
Ȼг˷ŭ³һɻ
޷ﰡ޷㵽ʲôðȻƣӦ֪Ǽ򵥵ķô򵥡֮ص׻ʲôҲ֪飿
³ͷת
Ϊһ󽫣Ҫ侲³Ȼзŭȴ׵ıŭ֧䡣
ô꣬³һһľȫָơ޷Ȼһֱ˷⣬ȴֳ嶯çײûͷԵĴڡ
³ţ޷ôʦڵģΪ˹һǳأȻôİװߡ
Ǹ޷Ը
³Կ϶ԷʲôԼ֪顣ֻϺ;ʦңԶһһأûʮʱǾܵġ
ѾȲôʱˣ

ıˣ
޴ĸب̫ʦУֽü¶ǵɫ
ϵǱκ˶Ҫ֪ģֻبһֱôš
壬Ǿ²ֻƾһˣһ̽ӵһ仰ô׵ľ
֮ʣ
ˣ糯ʱ䵽ˣ
һŮͻȻ˽ѵ
֪ˡ
ب˵ͷһ˫ѥӣ뿪˸ڡ
ϵϢ֮ǳпʼĵһ糯بųո̤̫һ
ͷͷʱبϵʱҲȼˡżһЩҲ̫ࡣ
һΣ˼ƽ絽ࡣһͷӶʲôبûв
պȽȻͬ
ϼݵ
Ƭ֮žһ죬ٹУ£һΰӰ٣һյ糯ʽʼ
ʥͣб࣬ޱ˳
ʥǰһ޻̫żɤӣǰС
£б࡭
һٵĹе
ǳ͢г̶ȣʳ˰ũˮÿεĳ̫۵Ķˡ
ũһַب۾һЩ̣Ѽ
£бࡣگ۹޷ԴƲѷƣݻٳǳأʬɽѪͿ̿¶ᣡ
ֵ֪˱ûȵ³˵һƷ佫ͻȻУӣ˵
ˣ
³ɫһ䣬ͳɫ৵һ˹ȥԭȻһ䣬ޱȡ
ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬بҲ۾֮ǰĳֻǰϷͷϷϵս¡
£޷ðƣܾôŹˣô壬ǽѵ΢飬گǸۣ
һ佫ڵ
بϵñƷ佫ڱġϽκεϵ
Թ£ʧˣǼᶨսɡ
ڱڲһֻڻңμκϵĻкܶࡣ
£飡ʥɱԳگҲø޷׾֮壡
飡
飡
飡

ڣеսɴ󳼷׷׳Ԯ
ԣ
Ⱥ鼤ߵʱһ߿ͻȻһ׽԰ףǲʵĳŭĿӡ
߹֮£ɲ졣گʹһֱల£޷ͻȻƣбΣ
˵˼ϱѵǼٵĲɡô˵İգս̫أѵǰ𣿡
һ佫ŭĿӡ
˲ûô˵ǲͣ˵սս֪һսҪѾôˣѵҪϸ𣿹֮¾çײ£
һ󳼳У
սɾɣˣڱҲˡ
çײĹپȻçײگòѵͻ䱾ԺǵӸ󣬱߾ϸˣѵǸ𣿡
ָս佫һɫ죬ŭڡڵڶ̶ʱھͱýš
ĳ䳼սɺ֮ìԾãһȴⲻͬ
ܿ죬ۣ۱˶˽ġ
ˣ
ˣ

ب˼еʱһͻȻУǺü

بһȻعҲʱبŷִ۲֪ʲôʱֹͣˡ˶һĿ⿴Լ
ˡگιƣ֪ô
һӶдֵֹġ
بһ£ΪʲôĿһʣȻҲڡսɡ
սɺֲ£Ż뵽ݣ׳ƣ


468 
ǻبʱǺʻŵġΪӵ㹻Ӧκһگ˹ءͻʺǸ߾ʳ
ûҲнյǿʢ
һ㣬ÿ˶Ųɵġ
һبȴĬڤڤУبԺȫӥһ
۷ʲô󲮶Ҫ׵ķ
ⷭѾǼǰˣǸʱƺѾԤϵʲô
㵽׿ʲôϵ飬ʲôԭε鱧ôĵǣ
ب㱣д˷
״̬̫֣ûκһ˸˵ˡ٣֮ǰ̽鵽ϵϢȳ͢ϢҪ˺ܶࡣ
˵ԼֶǲԤϵʲô
ôبѾԽԽԼֶˡ
ˣˣ
һƮУϣ˿بǸ˾ǣҾϣȻξ㱣ٳûлش
ЩսɵĹԱǸеޱȡ
بǼᶨƵġսɡ׼ȷ˵ǳڵսɵġȻبĹ٣ȴǲ۲۵Ľ֮ңڳӵо޴
飬بȫûеԥġ
顭
˳
ûب˵꣬ͻȻһɤӴϷˣͬʱһӴѹ˵ĸ֪Уһæͷ
Ȼû˷ӦӴѹ糱ˮ˵ĸ֪ʧӰ١
̧ͷȴϷǵΰӰѾʧˡ
ǡ
ôˣ

һȻʧʥʺٲ󳼱۾볡һʱ֮䣬˭Ҳղסµ˼һʱ䲻޴롣
ãӹһ٣
һ࣬بȴǳһµ̬׽ôȥ̬ˡ
ȥˣ
ۼλսɵĴüͷԼƣبһ˦æ뿪˴
һεĳٰĲڣ뾡ĸףΪʲôҪҪκ̬ȡ

ԴºͺµѹģȻ֪ҪףԼ󲮵ʱҲǺü֮顣
ҡҷ
بһɫֹݣüôҲβסġ
󲮣
Լ󲮣۾һæվô⻹һμԼ󲮡

ب˵ͷĿӹӣüӹһĨ۵ɫ
һبصĲԼĶӣҲĴ磬ǰԼ˳۵Сֶ
⸱㲵ӣبзǳ̡ҧҧģبܿͻָ
ȸ¥ɱˣ޾䣬ثɱĲµֵ̫ˡͥ˼˳ǣ˽
˼˳ȻǸǱͥĴ󶼻ְһɳ͢Ļ׹ң졣仰˵˼˳ʵѾǱͥĵһʵȨ
ȻҲͱ¨ӣûб⻹ġ
үǱѾ»˭Ҳ׼֡飬ͱܳͷ
ҪҲڶڽºʹµˡ
ģȹʱ䣬ͷү˵ʲôҶ취ȳġ˵Ļүүǰûá˵Ļ˼Ҳȥ
վԼֶӣبлЩ̡
󲮣֪ңҵĵĴ
ҡҡͷӿһůκ鶼д۵ģվԸɽʱѾ֪ʲôĴˡ
Լľڡڵĵһ¡
󲮣ң͢ǲǺˣ㲻ңҲµõġ
͸¶һ˿ǡʱ䣬ڴľǴ󲮵Ϣ
ϱӵķı磬ⱲٴݡܹŵǹŨŨķ籩ζ

ب̾Ϣһ˵ͷ
ڳ͢棬սһƬԳ̫͢ˣɵϳסѹıҲܼ̫ʱˡҪң㵽ΪʲôҪô
ʦսܲڳĶ̶̼ݷب̤ŵ󳼲֪١
ÿ˶Ҫب̬ȣֻبԼ֪ʱԼ˶ѹ
ֶӣبһ谮мӣǶϷ
飡
ب䣬ͻȻһ촫СبĿУ۾˫ϥһͻȻبǰ
ڸʲô
ب۾һĴ㵡ʣıȫԤϡ
󲮣֪кܶɻҲǳΪѡҲֻܰﵽˣ
۾֣أصĹڵϡǰļʣѾչؼʱ
ϱû䣬ⳡսһβͬҪһıݣ¾;ǰˣܳһ˿һ
㵽ʲô
بŹڵϵֶɫصʮڳжֱبѾĸоڳıʲô
󲮣ʱΣһҪһ𷴶ⳡսگսζʱչ
ͷ­ķȥ
ʲô
بϵһ¶𾪵ɫ
֪˵ʲô𣿽ǻΪ棬˴աǼ򵥵ľô򵥡ʱ򷴶ԽΪǧָ
بı˵𾪵ˡһֱΪٳٲԼ̬ȣʲôҪҪԼǾ
ȨĬ̬ȣͷȫ
ңҺһֱǳսɵģΨհΪһ㣬ǲڳл۴ҿԳĬȨǾԲ̻޷ս˵ȥҼʮ۵ͻһɢգУҾԲܴӦ
بһ˦Ҳû뵽ҪľȻ
ôһ彫ɥʧǰ۵ʱľɢˣû˻ҵӦҵľ顣
ôûָֻտɴˡ
ôᶨġ͡ɼֲסıûԭġ
󲮣ǲԣֻ²Ǵͷˣ
ڵϣʹ
ֱֻ꣬¾ڽ񳯰
ããޣܹⳡΣ֪Ⱦ˽ֻԼˡҶܲȡȷĴʩֻʲôϣ
ûһǿĴƣǳƽ٣ãã˭赲
ԼѾʧˣһһѵʧһ
㵽˵ʲô
بվȫĻסˡ
ǿ峤ģӵ壬ûм


469 ĳԣ
󲮣һս¿Ʊذɰ
ڵϣʹ
ҪֹⳡսҪگǵĴưʮگʮưϾⳡսһǰδеĴսˣô𣿡
بһסˡ
ĳھսϵ鲢ͨʱ䳯۵Ҳôͷگ۹͸޷顣
ڴսܵûҲû˻Ƕ˼⡣
ǲܵģֲе
Ȼʤ˱ҳ¡بòϣһսȻʤаܡȫпܻʧܵġ
ب֮оŴƻʧܣϾ֮ң㳣ʶ᲻֪
һʱ֮䣬بҲסˡ
֮һƬ䣬İĹâճӱĵש棬ֻһϴϥǴбȵ滹Ҫ
һƬž˺ʲôҲûСĶз޹ĵ
ڤڤ˾
һ磬һȦ̤֮˻Ԩеһ΢⣬ｫеһƬҶ
ϵս´һ򵥵ս£
ʮȫûΪݹǣޣƵ۹һԼŻ϶۹ȫ
һҰ۹Ҳ˴ܱãã޼ʵĺ²ǡ
ʮﾫʹ۹ܵǰδеشƵľ˽ӽ֮һľ޴ˡ
ڴƵʷϣǰδС
ⳡս˴ܱߵǿͻʺ߾۹ԼңԶĴʳ֧ⳡսگ˹ص۹
һΣЩܱߵǿԭҲеôǿԭڵĴѾ֮ǰǸս޲ʤ˿־Ĵˡ
һսôܱеĺ²˴һ档ӴԴ̽˼ʵĿ⡣
¤ս²ϣӴ֮һӴĵ۹ʷǿʢӴʢת˥û֮С
дԶʹҲ޵ʹ
Σ嶼ҪıһС
󲮣֪Ϊѣ룬ֶС󣬿ƭһΣ֪Ϊѣֶûʲô£һۺζҪӦֶǶ˷ԣ˵ֻ٣һҪֹⳡսⲻֹΪңҲΪ˴ƣһգʱֶ֤ǶԵģ
˵յĽȭͷͷ­棬Ϊ͹
ⳡ;Լעǹ¶ģֻУ֪Ҫı۹ıжôļѡ
ԼеĶ̫޷˵׽ԼĴҲ˵ˡ
بŹڵͷ­ص壬Ϊ֮ݡȻ˵ĲǺܶ࣬بȴܸܵʯɸĵ־
Һúһ룡
ب̾һ۾ĬС£Ը£򹫷˽بڳ͢϶ֵԭ
ԼĶ룬بҲԲῼһ¡塭
µһĻĻӹԺڶʹ¼̫¼Ѿһδε֤Լϵս£Ҳȿʼֵġ
һδεն֤ǶԵģ
ƺһ֪Ⱦܴǧ˿вȷ
ңΪľڣ
بͻȻ
󲮾ڵġ
ϲ
󲮵ĻǴӦ
بͻȻһ
εҿԴӦ㡣ҵһ˽ϹıҲһ𣿡
ب۵
ֶס
Ϊ֪󲮵Ը񣬽ڶʹ¼ʱҲƹ󲮣ֻȰ˵ˡ
˵ɣҪʲô
ب鷴ࡣ
ţ
˵ͷ
󲮣ȥ֮һҪԳ档⣬һż㣬󲮽ȡҪı䳯ϵľ飬Ҫ󲮡̫У
⣬תǾҪگ޷Ұѣͷڡһʱ䣬ֻ׼֮ſжԴڿʼ󲮺ӱǰϡ
ƾϵʮҪԸ޷ﻹԶԶֻдﵽʮϵľпܶԸ˸޷
ܵģӵС£漰ʮϵľҲǬٶϣҪ󳼵ʲſԡ
بҡͷ
ǱʵȨҲûдһĵزǱ߾ͬڱӵмߵȨ
ңƶսٶԶࡣһߵǾ·ߣװ侫ʿװݣװ漸ѹ
ʮıȫѹگˡֱӾһսˡ
ңƵıô࣬ʮıôķؾͻñʱ˵ǳ鷳
Ǿú󱸾صĸõıԴҿƹ̶ȵļ
ĿԥΪĴƱʥһλ޵ͳ˧ڱϵԶԼĴ˽͸Ķࣺ
սõ¯µʱͿԶһϸҪܳɾ͵ЩصĸõıԴ
һƵľϵͳͱضԤۣ󱸾ӡگ˹ء߾ͻʺĪǡ
Ȼ࣬һֱбӴĺ۾ӡЩ۾ӵ࣬Ҳٶʮ
ҴƵѵܡϸ̶Զӣȫǳϵġֿѵľʱս
ҲǴһÿսϣ˲٣ȴʼܱһȶıֵԭ
۱ϾǺۣսز㡣ððȻսȻѸٵѵϸľḻսʿ˿²С
ۻᵼ´Ƶľϲ㣬ѵز㣬δܴӰ졣
ب壬ֵֹġ
嶮õĶֱҪöࡣЩʵڲһʮĺ˵ġ
Ҿȥ˵ɡ͢گսһչģһ޷⣬˵õİ취
ب̾
⣬һҪ鷳󲮡
˵ɡ
û˵ǰһ
˹أ
بһѾ˼
󲮣ⷭζҪ³ϲǵĵֻ̣³˵Ļͨſýȥ

گǴƵĸ֮ĸ֮˹ءۺʱһҪʱ˹صĶ
һ㣬ϱӵıֻٴݡ
ˡͽˡ
بջ뿪ˡ
بһߣԵüžޱȡ
ɣ
ȴһߣͻȻͷҲ̧Ŀڵ
һƬžƬ֮󣬼Ӱ¶֣۴켸µĸִӺ˳
壬㲻ʲôҴǣǾ߲˵ġ
֣ۺ
Ͳˡ
嵭
֣ۺһҲûȥûȤкһ뿪ˡ
ȵ뿪ٴһָڵддΧķżʹƵͼͱǰȣ꾡˼Ҳ˼
ķźȫͬԼ˭Ҳ


470 սʼ
һϵı۹ıʣڰ֮УҲܸоζ
ºͺµԭ춢Լʱºͺ¶ٳ֡żͷҲĲɡ
һƬɱ
Ϳ쵽ʱˣ
аȻнڰУʲôҲˣֻĬĬȴ

ٴμبѾʮ֮ˡһٷɫŰ壬ǳࡣ
󲮣ƤͻȻַǳõĸо
͢Ѿˣͨ찲϶ʮ˾񣬼̳گ۹Գͷ޷ԴƵĽ
ʲô
Ϣһ䣬оϵ£һƬͻȻʲô˵դǰη
󲮣ô̫ǶѾѵ˵ݶûа취ֹ𣿡
ңټȱ̫ǴƳ͢ͷʵǾأԸı䳯͢ľ顣
ب̾ϢһҲûͰľϸϸ˵˳
ڰ֮بǵʱȥټ֣Ըı䳯á
ب嶼͹һˡ
Ҧң
кһͻȻ
ҦҺã
ب̾Ϣһҡҡͷյֻ͢е˲֪жôļңһսبվķԽگʱ͢˶ˡ
кܳһʱ䣬һƬţ˭Ҳû˵˵ҦҺ
ƺһֱҺبվսʱһձҦҺͻȻһ̬վָҺ
˵һ˸޷ĺôҼŶگսȻҲͰˡ
ϾҦҡվѷɫҡ̫ϣֻǣ˭Ҳû뵽һԺգͬʱҲ͵ͻȻվ˳׸ıⳡ͢Ľ
˭
һ
ˣ
ب̾Ϣһ˵𰸡
ˣ
بһ䣬ͻȻһƬšͣͫ͵һ£һ仰Ҳ˵
ū
һףԺһӶ޾Ļ졣
һɲǣǧͷͬѩɰ׷׸֡
ڴƳûбλøߵˡһ֮£֮ϡ
ңҦҶλǧ˿ƵĹϵ֮ܳΪ֮ңҲĪĹϵ
ǱΪŹүӣҦҵүҦ磬Ѿ˳λ
ڵĴѻˡ
ūλС֣
ڴƳ͢λ쳣ĵ͵ôԺյλô͵ģֱ޽С
ܶĴڡ
ȴС
벻Ȼ
еӹһĨĹâ
ɵģҦҺλλԺգȴܻ˵Լˡ
Ƶ۹Լ֮⣬¾ԼĴ󲮶֪λƽʱ紺̵ǶôֲĴڡ
˶ԶԶ͹λˡ
֮λ˾Ȼһ̬ļ벻ġ
ҦҡټλƵˣѾȫԵҡԼ̫ˡ
⣬һ顣³ڹؼʱ̣³ҲվҦһߣ

һƬ㵡
³̫һϵģҹϵΪС뾩³ġ
̫ȷⳡս³Ϊȴվһ࣬˭Ҳ벻ġ
һҲˣټһ³ⳡ͢ǴѶ
һӳĬˡ
Ҳû취£λûûȣټϵİϴ󶼻Լĵ̳⣬³ϵѹ֪µı佫ȫֶ֧گս³ʱԺλþˡ
بε
³Ȩ׷̫ǿˡڱѹֵʮ꣬Ȩλ׷Զ˶Ҫǿöࡣ
һ͢بǿӸʮģȻֵֵزѾȫɲˡ
بҲ˿ûа취
ĵġ壬بֶ˭Ҳû˵ֻǽϵĻҡҷž
ô죿
بŰֶ
мƲ߶尲ŵģ͢﷢ҲѾ飬ֻԼˡ
벻޷Ⱑ
г̾Ϣһɬޱȡ
޷ƣ͢飬ͨʮƾϡӵ³³ϣĽԺһ㡣
ڵ³ѾȨְλҲϵļҪ뿪ףҪصȴѰ
һǲ뿪ʦȥͳʮ߷ĶģڴƵʷϣ⻹ûй
㲻㣬Լһֱ취ⳡսû뵽ջ޷⡣
ˣеһ˿ϣҲˡ
Ȼ޷⣬ֻ̹Ȼˡ
󲮣ͨʲôʱģ
ͷ۾
ǰϢ칬͢Ľ͵ġӦ֮ͻ͵ͨķӦӦûҪٹ죬Żͳگ۹Ӵ
ب
Ѿˣ
г̾ϢһӾʦϰ϶·ңԶķҲԺ
ʱһжѾ䶨˵ʲôѾˡ
󲮣뿪ɡ
ͻȻڵ

ˣ
ǧɽˮӹؿռ䣬ңԶϴϣܲһԶ޹ͻȻ
׵޹˴أҲϡ
ϵĴأѾܾûֳص޹һΣ־װĽ࣬ʮǰ
͢ͷگҴ
ֺƴİ϶ǰһŰ塢࣬ͬʱּΪϵ쳹ա
εİϴ󶼻ͨһңɢһǿϢһ߸ߵĵ㽫̨
㽫̨ϣչһ߸ֱ֮񷡣
㽫̨ϣմʮص۹ϵĴƾꪣһ岼γܼУѹѹŲڰ϶ǰ
սսս
һƾŸꪣһ׵źһɹɾϱ糤һ㣬ֱ
ܼ޹ôضڲ
ǧɽžͲһƬɱ

ûйͨһ£ս˻ʮƾ񺮼ɭɭͬѹѹư㣬šϲگ۹ӿȥ
ڵ۹ʷϣʮ򰲶Ĵƾһ뿪Լפصĳǳأʱʮ󣬷Լһս
ңԶʦһʮ꣬ûףһսζʲô
ھеˣ

ͨһ£ͬʱһֻֻŸӳи
ЩŸûзƵľʦһֻֻԽǧɽˮԽ˴Ƶı߽磬˴ƵĶϣ
߾ͻʺ˹ءʳ֧֪עϴϣһƺگ֮ĳͻ
ϴһƽ
ǴƵһεĴģжжĹģԶԶ¤ж
ƵĳͻУҲگ۹һβ



471 جģ
ĿӹشأӹļĶ͹ĴƬɭ֣ͨʮƾ󲻾á

һ˻ߵĴ󺰻գϴϣһΰź룬۲ŴԵӣƽڣŵۻۣȻнɫıһɽʹ󺣰ۻϢϳ
¡¡
ط·ͻȻĳ˯ѹȻҵ¡¡ľ졣
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ

һɱʵʣ纣ơĴϣֻãã޼ʵگսʿִ񣬹ЮųǧĻڻ׵ս⻷ͬӿĸһϵƽңԶĴư϶ķӿȥ
¡¡޹쳹أգƾƽʮϴս¡

ﬣ
һֻ޴صĻ£ƺ棬ɲǼǱ䣬ݶĽҪ˺˵ĶĤ
ﬣ޴ͣĻ£һ£££ǧ£Ӷľ޴Ҳһ˳ǧ
޴˹ظԭϣܣŨ̹ǧС˹Ÿ첲Ƭǧ׵ĸԭϣͣĻҹԼյ¶ſסUԼ
ˮ罬ԴԴϵʹɢķʽЩ˹²ϵĶ
˹صԭûԭôҲûôЧʡƬԭϴȴûκһСΪʹõԭʼҲֱӵķʽǧ
˹صûκУ̸κμǵȷʵʵ̣ͬʱҲأΪ־õף
һ˹ϿԶơͻʡ߾Ǵʳ֧
ҲʹһͨĹѶ˹ص˺
˹ؿ״ʱȴҲʹеͨף˹صĿʹõʱΪ־á
ճ־õĿ׶ǰѾʼˣ񣬹޼ʵĸԭϣȺȺı׶ѻһɽ纣Ƭϼ׳۵һĻ

տԶϷ񶯣һֻѩķɸ봩Ũ̺ͻǴϷһ¼أģйŷʿ̧ͷŸ䵽ϡ
ڿʼˣ
΢΢Цָһеż㵯˳ȥһż㵽Уͷ·һ㣬ķ˳ȥ
ﬣ
Զ˹ص۹ϵ󽫾վһСɽ˹رǰżɹוּһӵеıԳһ棬ɵĽ˹
޷ǳˡ
ؿеż㣬һ
ٺٺ٣ǵⰡ
΢΢Цǳһ˿Цݡگ˻ȥ֮ʼ޷ڲͣţ˹ص۹۹ˣ޵ȥ
Ҫ𣿡
ŤͷĮޱ
ˣ
ް˰֣Цһ
˵ĶѾ˵ˡگҪӮ˹ص֧֣ԼͶ״ɣ
Ѿ̫ƽʮ꣬ڵĴǲǻǰôǿ󡭡گõԽʯӮˣ׾ٵƻگô˵ʱ죬ǵļƻҪƳˡ
ء
Ǿ˵˹صʱˣ
˵һ䣬޻̧ͷĿӹظɽңԶĴϡ
Ӹʵ˹ظԭϣԿԶֻ̳ڳŶԷӿȥ
ھ͸˹صʱˣ
ԺӹһͷĿ⽥ñ䡣
گ۹Ǵƣվ˹صĶ֡һϵսУ˹ص۹ؽӮң

ʱһĹȥÿһ춼ڼϵսսȻǲμߣȴߣеĶǵ
δѾıˣƺگ֮սǰ˰ࡣֻⳡսķչҲ֮ıˡ
尵ĵ硣
ȻϢǴӰε嶼ܸоһϵսƵע⡣
гһɽƵζ
ıκ˶ҪơֻǣȴٳٲܳȥԺºʹµѹƺԶеǿĶࡣ
󣬾Ҫ಻סʱһӰ˰УǴ壬ȴǴƵ¡
£
һƬ㵣һɲǼ䣬һֺܲõĸоӿ
壬һܲõϢ㣡
դɫǳѿ
ˣͨˡ
ʲô
¡·һĴӵվͣ˶סˡ
ôܣ
һɲǣ˼ңһƬκˡ


472 
ϵķսһǾףʦ
еڴ϶δ󶼻ͨʮƾһگͷ޷ʱϷսȴһػ
گ۹Ļʵ۸޷㳲گȫʮϵƽԭϺͰ϶ʮƾչս
ϵĲ࣬϶սܡ·;ңԶһϢʱ֪
ǳĽѾǳ˲ˡ
ڶޡҶǣ¤ʯǣɽƶռƣռŵһϣƵʷϺһγʮĹģ
ֹģսܵģǾ޽У
͢ϣյϢ֮Ѿɳ԰ټƵḻ̽ӣҹ̣ǰϴ̽һϢ
͢Ҳ⣡
ܰ¤Ƶÿһ涼һǿĵ۹һǿĵˣûа취⳷Ԯ
һ¶ǽǸΣֻǴ½طԮ
͢ڶԮѾǰɳȥˣɾ꽫죬ܼ˴Ĺ󡢴ʳǰϡ
̫ܲ˽⣬ǾĺһμӹĴսּۡңξʱ磬ھе»֮ϡ

ɫһֱǳأ˵ϵʧܣǳޱȣɫɲ٣ȻǳУ
ɫһӱ÷ǳѿ
ʷˣ
૵һɲ˵ܡ
ô֪ܲ
ȷʵʱ仹Ҫ磬츳ܣҲǹϵ
İңԶҶְıּۣ֥мӡ
ֱ˱ͥͻʣ֮ܳҪ˾еһЩ
ھδϵľд֮ʵѡҲΪ֮Զδáث֮Ϊ۹
ֻǣǳ͢д֮ţҲϲĶֲگЩǸ޷ҲǷ죬˹ص۹Ļغʹޡ
ǰ˹ص۹ϵĵһ½ǿޱȣ꣬Ϊ˹ص۹ġͨ󽫡ҵ֮Ķ󽫡
ߣ˹ص۹ǽʱİ˫
һ𣬾³ͳʮƾҲΣأɵѡ
϶ʮ꣬³ʹûйϹ˹ظԭǵıگˣ³ûаգ뿪˲֮ϣаջܻغʹޡ
ʵǿߣ޷ءּᲢۡ
½ıҲ޷Ը˹ص۹ľ
ԵУʵѾ㣬ټϺ׼ȴ˾Ϳ֪
귢磬û뵽ֻһȦֻٴݡ
¡
һڣڴʱһͻȻ
תۣش¼˹ؽگսܣʣ򡣴ڿʼֹ͸¶κ˹йصϢ
ڿʼڣ϶һԺΪʧܣֱĨɱ϶ȫûΪʧܣͬĨɱ
κεĺۼ˵ļ䣡
ڿʼʱ

ˣ
һɵӽŵӿȫ˶סˣԭҪ³ڵĻһֶ˵
壬ôˣ
һĹģڵɫǳá
ûʲô
԰ɫҡҡͷޱȡ
ͨˣսܣܡ˹˽սʱ䣬ԶԼ֪öࡣ
ʮƾѾ㳲گ۹ʮټ϶ʮ˹ذϵͨͺʹʮ˿֪
벻ǳˡ
һĳˮסʮƾȻֻʣ˰ﵽʮϡ
϶ܵԽǰδеش
һзչ⽫ǴƵһΪĹóĶ
壬󲮸һ㶼ԤϵˡҲŻ飬ǿİΡڣ뿪ˡ⣬ϵ飬ϣ
ţҴη

¡һ죬εĴش򿪡һ߳Σ¸º󣬵һμ⡣


473 ѩż㣡
һƬңߵ棬֪ڵľʦҳʲôӡ
׷һƬ͵ľʦȴðࡣĽɫҴң̸۵Ҳóףǡͨ϶˹ء޷֮ǰü궼һε֣
ȴһɽꡢζ
Ѿ̫ûоʧˣʮƾսӰ쵽۹
һֹ̣ǾʦеİգĽ͢Ĵ󳼣ϵĵ۹سͬڹעһս
еһж˵ʶ
ӣ
һϤӶߴӥվĽֵϣԱһƥԦŵȻѾ˺ܾˡ
Ȼȴûϳ

ָ۾ǰĿޱȣ·𿴵ʱ
һɳлв¥ƹݣ侳ϵĹӶ֡۹ǿҪ۸ߵͣһ룡

ǣӣ
ӥ漴Ӧдϲ
εµֲ֮ûֵ־ǰȻԼӡǸǵĹӡ
ңÿһϵʱǾʹдĶˡȻҪȡжˡ
ӣǺսй𣿡
ӥ̽ŵ
սµ۹¶ʱֻӥѾ֪۹ôʱǱѾȡˡ
ЩȻûףӥѾµôˡ
ûеͷȴҲûҡͷ
ȻģɣһֱߣǳϤӥ˵Ѿµôˡ
սº۹˾ޱȡ
Ӵϴ󶼻ͨĲҰܣһֱŴ񲻿ɵĺ˵һ޴ĳ
Ȼһս˵޵ģοһʮ꣬ӥһֱţԼҵĹһʲô
˲ܣԼҵĹһԡ
ڹȥѾܶˡ
ڶټĴ磬Լʦ֮еĽ̡¥ԼеĽʦʦʦǣǼ豸У
ˣ
ӥ͵̧ͷԾĿ塣еĽ̡¥ֹǧңĴңҪЩ̡¥ǽһ˵֡
ǣӣ
ȻоȣӥǺԥӦ
ټԾ䡢κ١˶ǡϵҡ
ǣӣ
ӥԥ
ʱ˿̣ӥﻹһ㻳ɡֺԼӡǸɱӡغһ
ЩǲȥжϵģҲΪľ־ȻĴڡ
īֽ׼𣿡
˿ûע⵽ӥ仯
׼ˣӡ档
ӥ
˵ͷû˵ʲô
£ɣ
Żعƣ߳ͣڲԶĵطܵԼɫ΢ͣ͸һ˿ɫ
á
Ⱥܿ쵭ȥֻһͻָ˵ͷһã̤
󣬻һ·Ȼ˳ᡣ

Ѹٳû̸֪ʲôһɰ汬˲ӥĸ֪û֪ˡ
ӥֻ֪;߳ʱɫǳѿ
ߺָֻƽ
µʱ䣬ֻаµʱ䣡ܲܳɹͿˣ
ĿڣȻѸٵ̯һֽֽѹţִպպīȻżд
һдԼĸϺʹͨǵ͵س֮һǾʽȱ仯ֻڳսس֮
ĲҲָʮӶԸ˻ءޡ޷θȫּ𶥼֡
ϱӣͨǰǵʮƴҲֻͨһ˵
Ҫµİ󽫣ܵıƵԪʱֻԼĸ׺ʹ硣
סϣϣ
΢ͷмǺͬżߣдһǧ塣
Լû֪ϵĴ֣ʣʿȫһеĿ֮С

һżд֮һֻŸ뻩Ѹٵ϶ȥ
дõһ֮û˿ԥд˵ڶ⣬⣬ķš
Щеķϣзϣеķڣеķ⡭һֻֻӥȵŸ벻ϵܵӥٻշ£䵽Ȼִѩż˷
еݣ֮⣬ߵӥ֪дʲô
ӣ
ءרעɫӥг̾Ϣһеۣȴǵûȥš
Ȼֻʮ֪꣬ΪʲôӥһָоһεҪһˣ


474 ʦһ
һľעƽġ

һֻֻŸе˷
ǳʮһɽϣһ΢ֵӰڱĿ͸Ϊһְ׵һ㣬ڲϣϢеǿޱȡ
ţ
ӵշŸ룬κ𩣨κС꣩һ˿ɫȻŷ⿴
쵰ˣ
飬ָһգеżɷ飬κСͻȻ˷ܵĹЦ
żûʲôݣֻм򵥵ļ䣺
軤ʮ
һ𳤴ķСʮʲôκҹɭϣðűŭķգκСҲһ
ʲôʮٸҲ취
䣡
𶯣κС£һȦʯľ⻷ƺƵ
ĵ
̶ʱڣκСϵϢʹԪһ·ͻƵ侳Ȼһ·侳һأأأһֱ嵽侳صľ磬侳سơ
һ̵κСϵϢƺƵϢ֮ǿҪ塣
ɽ
κСŹģǿĶѧɽҶкܸߵҪ
رԪףϼѡһͻ侳ͻǿޱȡ
ԴκС뵽ѵӪ֮ͺСȥΧ˸߾ݿ¼ǶԸɽǣ嶼ûнйĿľר
ԼСȫṩ
Ӹ߾Ļƽ˲Σһϰġ嵽侳ԼûôˣκСһǺƵĹӦ
ɽһ߾˲ζԶĶࡣɽҪԪͻƵ侳ϼѣΪѡ
и߾˲ֶͻ°ʹࡣ
ΪֹκС̷ĸ߾˲ĶʮϡȻϽ˿κСȴԲƵɽɽ
ֻͻƵ侳ɽҪ򵥵ԪҪһɽ
ֶͬڴκεԪ£ɽֶصĹ
ԴӴﵽ侳֮κС뿪뵽ɽɽΧɽԽԭʼɽĿԽ࣬Խ˼ɽԽŨܡ
κС걾Ǹգҹ֣ҹԼաټϲһ´ţɽ书ֱ֮ϣ
ڵκС书ڱ廹Ҫߡ
ǰȣʣκСѾﵽһǰܴﵽĵز
ҽ軤϶Ƿʲôˡұȥ
κСоâһվವһֻһݣͬԳһԾһʮס
ֻ䣬κСͬһͷͻ㣬Ѹٵʧɽϡ

ͬʱʦһطһ¥ߵĲ¥ܸģװ޹ɫŴ
һӰüϸɵָһֻµɲ豭µӡ

һֻƿյӶд
ţ
˼һĨɫʶ̧ͷֻһֻѩ׵Ÿ˫ſڿлһߣӹ¥̵ܽǣԼ˹
˼ʶֱۣסֻŸ롣

ŷ⣬ŤŤϤּ˼ԭüͬȾīˮ㣬ͻȻչ
յű߽⣬˼΢΢¶һ˿΢Цͬʻһ㡣
֪ǰסģ
˼һЦϵĲ豭һڣֻô㣬ζ
еĵڷ£˼ࡣϵݣûôˡ
²豭˼̤ӯĲѸٵ뿪˲¥

ʮ侳֡壬Ȼǲڼįİ
Ժ䳡ǬϢһֻӣֻһֻŰоĺӣǹһֻдǷš
ŸոմҪҪж˰ɣ𣡡
Ǭ΢΢ͷĿǣƺʱյ
ԼС壬Ǭһֱֻ뷨£ԼͱǬһֱԾġ
ǬѵӪʱʶ
ҹӣرǵϵ󲿷һĸǶ壬ǬȴûС
˵ʦôһԼģͷŵҲֻˡ
ಣ
һеĺӧǹͬһβͰص㣬ݶХһ׼ȷϡ
ˣϴثͱͥ˼˳һβ֪ǸšǲȰ
ѸٵëĨһѲϵĺǬӣ뿪䳡
ǺǣȻԺӧˣûʲôֹ㣡
ԼҵĴϣԺӧеţѸͬһĨư뿪˾Լҵĸۡ


475 ʦ

һֻһֻŸ򾩳ǵĸطоʦ֮дʮ꣬Ҵ塢šѫ󣬲ʶĲʶģյż
ף˵ʲô˼
ƫƧУּŤŤż㣬üͷ
ҲͰˣϴοǺ˳ͻպɽʲô
һѾ˳˳͢ϵ˵ûʲôȨֻһЩĴˣ;ĽҸûȡ
˵ھ˵һûʲôĵáᣬ˫Ϊպɽ·ȣ
Ȼ˫ͽˣϾûô׾ȥ
ﾲĵģĬüͷñҪ
ҺҵĽѾֵزǳ׽ʲôҪǶǻӦġ
˵ʵͻȻ֮յɸֵźͶ÷ǳͻأ
ڲͨҴ壬ǽۉˮվǳ֮ʲôȻźɼȥɡңҲȷʵǸҽõĻᡣֻǼǵãպɽҪɣ
ǣˣȥ졣
ͷѸٵתȥ

ӵʲô
˵ֻǾͻأǴʱ˿̣չźδЩˡ
ҪûǴİɣӦǿеѹºͺ£ͷ˳ʱͻȻҽ軤ʲô˼
չѮףΪϡ
Ǹʲôöϴδǵӣǽ軤Ҫ˵϶ڴʲôע⡣
չûпڣһԵհ½
⣬ϴҿǲ㱻
ʣһû˵أ˵ǲָҴˣ
չתͷ
ԩʲôûɣ
հؽеײǱԩģ¥˻죬ͱɵĻ˹
žȻĵչ˵ʵհ˸ȸ׻ҪԾ
ûɣûôżĵչӣҼţھʦ棬ҲܡǸ壬ǰжĶԹԽԶԶá
չ
ΪʲôѽСӲҪȻƾµĻˣ
հطŭĽе
ߣҲ֪ƾµĻˡ㻹룬ΪʲôˣثͰ˼˳ʲôˣһǰ󶼻һͥ˶ǵ۹Ĵ󽫾һ㶼ǲˣοˣ
ų˲˵ҲͰˡѵثͰ˼˳Ҳ˵𣿵۹Ĵ󽫾ȻλҲҪ̫˼ɡΪʲô˵
ǡ
հ죬һסˡ
ųҲͰˣثͰ˼˳أ
˺ǿɲû°
Ǹհشû⡣
ף˼ǡ
հԼĸףɲ
ߣûбµ˼ΪثͰ˼˳ưĳݡڶʹ¼ô飬ҰзģûôκεֻɱثͰ˼˳µļˣΪĻʲô𣿡
ثų˼͸뿪ǴĦµ˼ݡڰ˼˳ȻǸˣûô˼˶ԱĹһͥλãΪǽҡҲˣǱߣʲô֪
˼˳ģ϶ǵõ˱µ⡣ô˳İǸų
չ
ôưոݣڳϼ˺ܶ꣬ڸζžͿ
Ҫ̳಻лһҪ
⣬⡭
հؾĿɿڴһ仰˵ˡֻ֪ȥ壬ȴ֪滹ôĻ
͢ĻԶĸӵĶࡣ
ɼȥɣȿʲô˵
չ˻ֵ
ͬ飬Ⱥ󣬼ͬʱڳиطֹǾǰ׼ңе㽻ģչûжٽ飬й϶ѫңһܵ롣
ʦҦҺҵûܵ⣬еλļ弸յ롣
Ƕһź
û֪嵽ʲôǺʣڻظдһٴӿ



476 ϣ

Ծ䡢κ١ܷںϵҵģ֮Уƻ彫ӭ鷿֮󣬱Žա
û֪ʲôֻ֪Ծ䡢κǶһֱôð٣ܷ鷿ʱɫǳѿ
ȫ״̬һĲɣҵĻǶûϾ뿪ҡ
鷿ĵƻȴûͣЪ
ڼ뿪֮ϵļӰӰڴֽϣ鷿ﴫɳɳıʻǴŽգ˭Ҳ֪ʲô

ʨӳѽãҲѴ˴ʳͨͰ϶ᣡ
鷿Ӱҡҷ忴棬ǰδеء
ϣһ΢ϵɳ̣Ͽȡɽƽԭǳءɭ֣ȫ΢άФ
Ӻ֮ǰʹӱܹɽġڴƣ漰ɽΣפɳ̶ǻܣ˽ڴ
ں΢ɳһֱͱ鷿
ϵİ϶ѳɶ֣ȥѾ޷ı䣬һоûϣ
û⣬һл͵һУôͨ͸޷ｻսĵصһƬƽԭ
嶢ɳ̣Ժ˲Ϣͷһ̵ﻹһɬӡ
Уָֻϱ£ƿǧָӳⷽ٣һսʤܵĴͳ˧ӣ
ಣ
ȡһС죬ɳϵĶƽԭΪǰ¹ġʥ徭ĴССսֹǧԼ
һʲô⺺ܶǧսһͳ˧ο塣
ֻҪ޷ﲻһֻθȫͳ죬ôǾսĵص㣬һǶƽԭ
Ҳֻжƽԭɵôľ
ǰƺگѡսûԭġսսֻ֮ҪͨûкͿ͸ֻҪǸˣôһԿط
һǩϸĺɫС죬ԥĲ˶ƽԭ󷽵ġʨӳǡΪֹûȥʨӳǣҲ֪ķԼƽĳǳصʲôӡ
֮һɣԥֺĳǳرضǶƽԭΪĴڡ
Ǹľ룬ҲһԷġʨӳǡ
ʨӳǼΪԼģͬʱҲΪʮƽʿģΨһϣ
ϱӣʮƽʿڶ֮ս󼸺޴ڵҲҲܲԲŻʮƾʿȫûĽ
ͨһ˽⣬ȫû
ġʨӳǡȴΪʮƽʿΨһ弸Կ϶֮ʣµİƽʿӽʨӳǡ
ĻʮƾȫûˣҲΪʹʧͱ֮ʯĨɱˡ
Ȼһʨӳǡܸıʣ°ʿ˺ϵ̬ơ
¼ûκһǳǹƵģʨӳǡҲһ
޷㾡ȫ֮ʮگ϶ʮ˹ص۹ϰϵԹκһǳء
ʨӳǡܼ̫ã
廨ѾʽʨӳҲֻʣµİƽʿӲдṩһʱϢĵط
ִϢʱ̫
ңʨӳǼǿβƣҲܼ̫ʳΪ족ȻѾǰڳд˴ľǶڰҹͣʱҪսĴսʿ˵Բ
δСû㹻ʳ
ҪȰʣĴƽʿıϵս֣ͱʳľ֮ǰȡж
ʱԲ࣡
ĿѲţһһӹɳϣϴصɽͼ
ʮگͶʮİϵ˹شԵֿġ
Ǽϸ׺ǼҲһ
岢ûѡ񣬶ңʤȻףǲܣٶ˵ˡ
ֻҪú㹻ĵΣʵսڱоǲܡ
ߣҲû˱仰˼
Ѱ㹻ġΡ
ৣৣৣ
һ֧һ֧С˲ͣĴ£䵽ɳϵĸطɽ֡ӱߡɽ͡СеĵطͶӰԺС
ɳϿյģʲôûзԺУȴǳǧĴ
گĴ˹صĴбڡʨӳǡеĴƾӡеһУһԺݻ
һþսı仯
ݡκһͳ˧߱ͳǾͳ˧ҲֻݼʮҵûһԺ֮ʮӴս
οⳡս漰޷٤졢θȫޡּ󽫣
󽫵оǲɴȵģ˿˿飬ȻĿɿڴѡ
ΪҪԤ⡢ݻغʹּĶҪԶԷΪ˽⣬ұҪսȫԽԷ
ֻп˳Ľݣ
Ȼģǡǡ飡
δѾı䣬аҴѾǺܴĲͬϱˣ˵Ѿ˵ķΧ֮ڣֻܿԼˣ


477 ӥĵǣ
ˣ
ԺϵݣɫСλҲϵıãһϵİ
󣬵ԺеһжеĺɫСҲٵ˼㣬µĲ߰˸ѡ
룬ַӲ˹սģһսǾսĵص㣡
ָ⣬ɳϵλỮһȦܼžȴ֪ｫս֮أĴƽʿԼƵĹ˿¾;ƬΧ֮ˡ
ۺϸأ롢ۻݣｫǰ϶ϣ
£µģͿˣ
尵з·һʯ
һս֮ϵлǻǰᡣ
ԻغͶθȫֶ󽫣Ҫǰ϶սص㣬Ұ׼һ˵ȫǲĵ顣
ֻǶ˵ǿĵˣһвʲô⡣
תȻΪȴûӰڱϵֱ衣
ʱȥܱʼ飬϶ѻоͼԽԽ࣬ԽԽսǼ򵥵Ҫ⸴ӵĶࡣ
Ҫһе׼κܹӦԡ
ӥ˹ȥص㡣Ҫǰϸ飬Ȼ󽫽ϸĵͼң
֪˶ã԰ɫڴ鷿ЩĴ˽
Уżͼֽ
ǣӣ
ӥӹͼֽĿӹ΢ĺɫȦ̲סһ¡
򾩳н¥µĲǰǴ춫ϵôˣ

ڰʱ䣬ѾкܳһʱûкúϢˡȻˣȴ˿û⣬Ŀѩ񣬿·ľ
عӣѾɳĻˡʱ仹ܲ԰ףӹӳڣҲǺܳʱ䡣ȻҲϵ˲ٵĽ¥̣ǻûб̬ȣӦûҪһʱܵõǵĴ𸴡
ӥͷ
ȻһֱߣǴһֱִ˵Щ顣
ֻǺһ˲ӥȻûжŸ룬иӥȵûжϹ
漰ֶĽ¥̣ȻǶʱͿġһϵʱ䣬Ȼǲ
ңǢ̸ǩԼȥ¹֤ҲҪʱ䡣
ߣҪʱ䣬ǾмǮˣ
Ц
ȻᣬȴҲʲôСھֵطûѸٴɣǾǳ벻
ӥ㡣֮ǰ׳ﵽ˶Ǯ
ʵ
˫ָţ湲裬ȻȻ¶һӵƮݳȺʣȴֲʧ佫֮ҵϢ
ӣ㲻ʣҲҪ˵ġɽѾ֮һѾʮƽ𣡡
ʮ
һһĳԾȻΪʼٸߣ弸ԼĶ䡣ΪԶԶԤϡ
ǵģӡļ۸ԶʼƵҪߵöࡣȻ˵ʮƽ𣬵ʵϵĿûôࡣǿչʱҴҲûôʽ൱һ֣ЩüĲҵıֿ۵ġ
ӥ΢΢ЩǸȻ
޼֮κһõļ嶼Ϊ䱦ֻǲϣȴģôó
һǷˣ
ļ۸Ͼܸߣһġкܶûƽ϶ԷеĲҵַֿʽġ
ˣҲѾһʺӴˡ
ʣ¶٣
ʵ
ƽң
ӥ
ֺʼе󣬵Ҳ֮١ûʲôģɹģĲҵ
ļԴԴϵļҵ롣
ӥҲǴַʽ뵽ַʽҪȻ¸ղôƽ
ӥҲ֪Ŀġ
Ѿ㹻ˣ
嵭Ŀƽг
ɢһȥмĻŻƽȥɣֱӵЩ¥ȥ̸СҪڽ֮ǵĴ𸴡⣬ʣµһҵΧҺͽ¥̡
ȻǵȲϾʦĽ¥̣ҪҪĶҲ㹻ˣ
ɫȣԥ
ӥԾĿ壬ֹƽĽôȫǮ·
£ҪԿܶࡣ
ǣӣ
ӥֹҪ˵ʲôֹ壬ָĿˡ־ᶨݸġ˵ʲôȻûõġ
ţ
˵ͷ
Ǹҵ˶֪ͨʲôʱ
չӵ˼Ѿȫ֪ͨˡӦûжʱŻ
ӥ
ţˡȽȥһȵʱ֪ͨҡ
˵գתȥ
ǣӣ
ӥһ̣飬һɴڱĴѨϣһ𣬾ƵƤһȫʧĸɸɾһɾ޴⣬糱
ӥ
һԺͷ
ӣˡҪúϢˡôȥҵ
ӥ壬һ̾Ϣ
ﵽڣһֱܣһƣ˼ûСӥ֪ʵѾڼȵƣ״̬
ֹǵϵģߵԶͨǿĶࡣӥĵģľ״̬
Ӱǰʹһִȫת״̬ӥΣڰдд
ܿдʲôӥȫԲµԺ͵۹йء
һƣǲֵزģôȥӥ;ƿݡ
úϢɣӣµģͽ찡
ӥŵϣȻ뿪䣬Ѹٵתȥ뿪˸ۡȻѾָ˷ôµľ͸ˡ


478 飨һ
ʱ֮ѹġ
ӣҵѾˣ
һϤӶߴۣӥվڴߣӣ̬ȹ
漴Цһ׹
ӥ֪һƬ⡣²Ϊˡ
ǣӡӥס
ӥûж졣
Цû¼ϾӥԸ񲻻Ҳ֪ΪԼãʱȣҪǧͷܹϢ
ҵ
ʵ
ڿҰǰ׵֪ͨӵġ
ӥ
һ˵ͷܿ뿪˷䡣

ҵĴͷܶ
Ը˼üһáǽ֮ңλԶҴ壬ѰҵĴŶ̤
үӵӰ죬ŷɭϣҲҴ븮ۡ
ھǵĸ˵⻹ǵһҸ֮ۡСʱ˿̣ȴһ㶼Ǣ
ҵҪʲô
ôô˻û˳֣
ǽˣ̬𣿡
ߣʲôˣӦˣҿɻûдӦˣҾҪƾʲôҪ󣿡
ǣǡŹҲôɰɣ侳ߣԼ࣬ƾʲôҪҡһصĸ֣

ȺȴǲôѺá
Щһ
ӥʱ򣬿ľôһĻ档ֱӥüֱ
޷
ЦЦӥÿҪ˵ʱͻȻסˡӥһֻĿɨһۣѾ֪ô¡
ڴడ
еǰľƶ
ôҴ壬ҪЩ侳صĸֽˣⲻԸ⡣
Ҫ˵ôЭһҵĴڣڹ⵷ңǾԲôγһʷļƵġ
ȴ⡣
εжûмְգǾԲôɵġֹĿ˵ЩʦҴ壬ĸԸĽеĸֽԼЩ⵷Ҵ࣬ЩˣҲаտԳ׵˵ǡ
ʵϣʱͲԼˡ¾Լ
ôҾõˣ
һ˦ӥһ߽˴档
ǹӣ
幫ˣ
ĳ֣һ˴˵ע⡣һۣ￴СԼȣԽֻССһ֡
ңЩˣҲܶ඼ҴԱ󲿷ֶЩҴеĲ¡
ֲô׾ͱʹǹʹ
аһѾȻء
幫ӣ֪幫Ҫʲô
幫ӣŹ˾ҪұȻֻصĸ֣ԼҲ
幫ӣʵǱǸʱ䣬峤ڣһʱ֮Ҳûа취㡣Բ幫˵Ǹϣӿ£
幫ӣ飬ݼҵһ˼ʮ侳ֵ£ʵˡݼԼҲԶ侳ֲ֪

Թۣڴĸָ˶Сֱӷģֹ˼ȨƵģҽڵģҲҪҪġ
֮ǰӥԼ˯ѨԼ˯ʱǸд˲ȡĴʩȻѾá
һ㶼⡣
侳ϵĸֶҴ˵ǳҪң͢ҴĸҲһܿؼϡ
ھл˵һҵĸֹ࣬ҪǿнУܵĽࡣ
ҴƵĸһ޵ġңеĸԴʲôһˡ
ǡǡ෴ЩвܣʵڵˣҴ嶼ɵôܻԼҵĸֻˡ
󣬴һʼͲ̫˴Ӧ
ߣǶʮ侳صĻӽʮ
ͻȻ˷׷ɵʱһʮıͻȻ˶С
һɲǼ䣬ö˶ɴ䣬ˬޱȵӵܡ
ߣҵ˭ԭκ𩣡СǷСһ𳤴һһɵֵܣ㵱Ȼˣ
һܿȺд˳г˷ݣ
κ𩣬ֻһ仰Ϳʮ侳ĸ֣ԸûǴĻ滹д硢ɣôҲʹ硢磬㸸κ𣿡
ȺУһɫװ࣬ؿһգԳĻЦȺ˳


479 飨
ߣհİɣʶȻ϶ҲòԶհأ˵ҳ
κŭһ׺ݵĿɨΧȺհأûʲôģһȻңǾͱˡ
ͲҪ˵˵ǹӸûй˵ˣǹģҲֵ壬ʲô£
չĻЦţ
յϢǾƻжʲôҪóѡ֪չıһӴӴ˽һµʲô¡
ֻϧհվ˽ĳƻжһдۡ
壬հ˵϶ûʲô顣㷢һ仰ϳȥ
κŭ壬Ⱥϵߡ
һ𳤴ֵܣҸۡһһľָƣκ𩻹Ƿֵ峡ϡ
ⳡۻ巢ģʽϣ۶Էܻܲӭǲҵģֻо
ˡ
ȻһЦŭڵκ𩣺
ɣչġ
ʲô
ոջðɵκ仰һ˶ɵˡһֱΪհ˹ҵġ
û뵽Ȼġ
㲻ǺһֱԸô뵽
κһķ˼ȫû뵽Ȼ
Ǻǣһٸɡ
΢΢Цȴû˵
ϵǡ𡱣հأҺռҵȴǡ˽ޡϼ˵˽Թʲôأ
ֻҪܹԼҪֻҪܹƮҡž޴Σĵ۹Ƭصϵǧǧһж˵Ҫ
ߣ壬ʣʮ侳ĸǰ׼ұûУָֻǶúܣ
ͻȻȺһ˼Ӣ쪣ȴֲʧŮӵģ޳ĲŽż⣬Ⱥ̤Ų˳
һķ߹һ߳գ۾ƺӡ
ǱҪȥġ˯Ұ˼˵ôˣ϶˵ңȱżȻ쵽
κ΢΢壬ѹС
ȻѵӪţߵЩٻչ档֪׼λǻۡƵİ˼ġ
ǺǣҪҲһɣ
һ࣬ǬҲŰ˼⣬Ⱥ˳ûа˼ôߵֻҪһҲ㹻ˡ
ǺǣҲһɣ
һԺӧһѣüһ죬ˮ㲻ʧʱĴȺ˳
ˣ
ңԼңǾкӰĴ磬˼ľǰ׼ҸϵңӰһҲҲ
վȺˣΪ⶯ȻһĻû뵽ġ
¿϶ԭǾôںܶ˵ʱԥʱֻҪЩӰǿôɵľͿˡ
ʣ˼⡢ԺӧǬĳ֣д֧Ԯ˲˺ܴӰ졣
ЩСһļ׷⶯
һȣߣҪûпĻ˼⡢ԺӧǬͳͳѡҪû⡣ǾòŰɣ
չĻæе
ңܳˣĸ治ǼҲᡣЩ֣ܶ඼Լ˴ѪԼġһЩǻ߼۴ӶġҪǸ㣬˼ѣ֪׬ǮǮǶǲģ
չĻһŵôһңٴԥ
ҵĵλݷͬ죬ھǵҲӵоصá˼⡢ԺӧǬǱĺѣȻˡ
˵ףǽıϾʲôư裬Ʊںܶ˵⼶ĸ֣ϵҵĵ̣ġ
һôʶ˼⡢ԺӧǬǡ
κа޲ѡ
һƺ˼ˡ
ǣ˭˵Ҫˣ
嵭
ѵ𣿡
չĻԣ༥ƱҴ˵Щûж
ڵλҲṩˡ
ֻǵȻһЦûкۣĿһת˴ԸҴˡ
ȺܸлܹȻ֮û˵ΪտƾûԼ׿˵ǶڽĽҲʲôġ
˶٣鲻ŲæһָȾ˵ȣ
ûѵͣȻȻǰ׽衣ԽλԼжϰɡ
ҪڳĸλѼǿĻҡҪǱﵽ侳ϣֻҪµʱ䡣µʱڣ˶ȫȨҵָӡ֮ЩȻֻ»صǵļ֮Уڴۡ
˶٣һɲǼһƬžţ˵Ŀȫϡ
һֱҵչĻҲס¶˹עɫ
ոķϻỨҵ侳֣ʵϣڳ˺ǣǽƾʲôǴӦеĸ֡
ҴھʦĵλǵĶǲࡣ
һȸ
ڴĿУ建Լһָ
µʱ䣬ÿһϵߣǾͿԴõһȸȵµʱһҵκǷɣǶҪԴõһȸȻǸеĻ
ˣ
廰һ˵꣬ûжһƬš
壬ˣ
һӦκ𩣬۾ŵĶ塣ֻǲţѾȫǼˣ
ȸôܸǣһµʱ䣿ջظոǾ仰
壬ȸмСҲ򲻵ҪһЩĺ֣ǿ취㣬ȫûбҪô
˼Ҳס
Ҳû뵽ټôˣĽ׾ȸֽնΪ֮
ֶԼɣ
˼˵Ĳ壬ҪҪٿǿǣ
ǬҲ͵
ĽǶȣô룬嶼ǴԿˡֽ׼ֱǷ
壬ҪҲ԰æԼǾ֮ңʱһҪԶⷽ棬ԼҿṩȫûбҪ
ԺӧҲ̤ߵߡ
У
ûش̨һȴˣ
ҺôҲǽ֮ң˵ȥĻղصȻѾŵ;Բܷڣ
һ䣬һЩӰȺ˳չȴˡ
˵հأ㣡
κ۾һ죬һ͵ĴӴԾ£ͳȺ˲֪õհ͵˹ȥ


480 ʦ䶯
κ𩣬Ϊսңҿԡ
հȺв֪˶ãʱκȴһ㶼顣
СӣܹĶԸ壬ѵԸһﲻɣ
հ۵һĨݵɫ
κʲôˣ
Ǿǲ෹ЦϣڰϵϷˣżհشû¹κ𩡣ңһֱѹƣͶһ
¡
հصƳͻȻһƬͨ졣һĺһɰȻԪȴ侳
ȻŲѧհͻƵ侳Ϊ۹ѫһհôĲѧ
κ𩣬ҾúõĳԵͷ
հĿݣһ伸˻ųһ̣䣡һɰŸĺɽХصհصȭͷϡ
һ£հؾͺһɽײһ˷·߷ݰ˳ȥ
¡հһֱϣ߰˸˲棬հһȫҵ

հ˵۾𣿡
ʲô𣿡

ԭȻĴöʱһƬҡհشЩҴһ̲סƿڴ
壬㻹ܹκ𩣡
հڵ־κȻôǣô˵棬ӿǶˡ
ˣκ𩣬ˡ
ʧЦκһ͸оʵǡɽΪĶѧհҪܴŹˡ
ԼհعϾΪѩ޵ġԼҪ飬Щʵҳݡ
ߣհأ㲻ǿͦأ٣οķϣҾͷŹ㡣ٴοûôˣ
κ
嶼ˣȻٳ֣һ£񫻹ǿԵġ
հһһ󣬲ϣȻûзȻϯȾߡ
壬˵Ļ㲻˵һ侳ֽ£һȸֽµ׻
հ
һû׼¶ΥӦүӣʵȴһףҪ¶ġ
ȴܲˡ
ȸֽıֹۻҼӲѴݻ٣ͬʱ־߱޼᲻ݣƥص㡣
۶ĵûʲôܺȵġˣȻȸֱÿһޱȣһֱмС
ؼǣչԹȥȸֽ֣ȸֻֽ򲻵
չĵλҪʲôϢҪʲô׾ܴõ
εȴȻͬ
ڵ۹ĸλǷǳηĽһȸֵ̬ȴȻͬһõȸû˻׵ó
ӵһȸڣڻʹ֮ȸ޼ָ
Զڴ󲿷Ҵ˵ⶫȻֻۣ棬Ķ
ҪǣҴǶٶЩġȸķԶԶǵĴұ
ֵȻ޿ɹ
ģǵĴûƵġҲȸļֵڡ
һ侳صĸֻ֣Ҫ£ܻһն޼᲻ݵȸֽ۴ķ濴ⶼռ˵
ӣܲ˵ɣ
ҴҲҪ棬ӲΪһȸֽҵ˰ɣ
侳ĸ֣û⣡ӣɲܷڰ
ǣǣ

һʱ˷׷׸̬ͣȺ֮ǰྶͥ
ṩֱ޷˭Ҳû뵽Ȼôź
һȣ壬Ӧǣ
˼⿴ŵԣҲˡ
˼⣬ûϵ
΢Цţ˰֣ס˰˼⣬Ȼ˴ڵˣ
˵ĻȻġҰѻҲҲֻһǧȸѡһ룬Ҳûˡԣһǧ侳ֹܲܵõȸһоͿԼˣ
䣡
һ䣬¡һʯ£ͻȻ֮ȿֺ׷ȥ
漰ش棬˭Ψ˺
հأһȣ
ͻȻе
ȺУѾ߰Զհ仰һתɫѿ
壬òҪڰɣ
ȷʵҪҲ٣ȴɵӡʮ֣ܻʮȸֽǿ̣Ӱչʵĺ¡
ɵӲŲɣ֮϶޹ؽҪˡ
ʱͻȻҪڣˣ
ǣڵ
һȻЦ
֮ĹϵҲסհأҲҪɼ˹ȸֽʱǱߵҡ
ˣûʲô̫Ҫ󡣲㣬ռҵĸͲҪˡأҲҪˡ⣬֪ռһ֣Ӧû£ʱ䣬ǽȫѱİɣҪõȸֽӦ֪ôɣ
嵭
հɫһס˵ûȷʵִ㡣
ҪʲôֻҪ弸ռҵĸȥõųµһġȸֽֿʱ˽ĶܣҪʱ򣬻Աȴ屳һ
Ҫǳ飬ȫ˵ʲô֪䱣ƵǼ֪ȥ
ֻû뵽ȻѾǰһСҾȻռһֶ֪
ߣ壬̫⣬һ죬ڵģ
Ȼ忴ĵ׵㣬հҲԸĺһ仰հѸٵﳤȥ
漰ȸС£뾡Ļȥ߸ס
壬Ҫô˸ʲôҪȸǻ
ȵһߣԺӧǰ̲ס
Ǻϵй𣿡
ǰ˼⿴һͷǰʵ
û˵˰˼һۣȻصĵ˵ͷ

Ҫóһǧȸ;ʦĸ֣ڷ飬Щ뿪ҵˣϢѸٵĴ
ʦ䶯
Ҿ֪Ӧȥģ
ˣǶ죡Ļᣬô߶ˣ
Ͽ찡֪֪Ϊõ͢ȸֽ˶ûõȸ͵ǰˣܴ
ҪǼʲôҲһҪõЩ
ټĸ֣⣬׼һ£ҪȥҰݷλӣΣһȡЩ

֮УҴһƬڣ֮ǰڲϵʦע⣬ǱϾ̫Զ
֮£λӵϢϢصġ
Ѹٵŷ
Ҵ׷׵ֵʱƵ۶棬ɰǧĽ¥ҲһƬڡ


481 ʨ󽫣Ϥŵ߹»
ʮƽ¥вͼֽ죬󣡡
սУһصǮӻصգӹ¥Ĵţصڴڡ
صĴײ棬¥һ¡
ʮ
ֻһɲǣ¥һӰѸݵ˳ŵϵĳصǮӾˡ
ն¥¥ѽ̡ʦ֮гĽ¥̼ͬһյǰķ񡰱ꡱ
ǽ¥̣ÿ²ʵǷǳ޵ģ壬һͿʮʮƽ
ʵϣǿҲֻһ㡣
ʮƽѾԶԶЩ¥һáڽ¥̱Щԥһյֱ˸Ļƽﻹаԥ
ڶ̶̵ʱڣоǵĽ¥ͳͳ˾һ֮ڣ˾ʦн¥̵Ȩ
ڿʼڣоʦĽ¥̵ʹȨͳͳеġеĽ¥̶ֻΪ춫Ϊһ˵ķ񣬹һУ
ǰûзڣһжΪʵ

¡¡ͬһܾ޴ĻѵĻƽȸֽ·£ʦΧҺ¡¡ת
Ũ̴ӾǵĸطðеĽ¥̵һαлͣΪͬһ
ǵĸҲ׷ɳ˼еĸֵҡЩ֣ͳͳҵκԾ˽ִ
Ҵеĸֻսݺ۳ңɹǴľӣԶ书ǿУ뾭ϸѵ
ֻӶ֣ҵĸֻٶһЩĵӣҲټ廤ԭ
һѾ̤죬ֻʣԼˣ
缤վڸ߸ߵ¥棬ԣȥ۾֮һ¥̨۴αȣڿն𣬶˷ÿط
ңԶĵطս˻УƺңԶֹɽϣɰǧһҵԾָ£Ⱥɽ֮ݺ۳ңæµѵ
սǾ޴ģˡʳսеЩһͨҴԳܵ˵ġ
ȸֽõӴƸ嶼ѾȫͶ뵽档Ѿת֪ȴԼĽһҵս
ⳡսУҪ׼ĲֹǲⳡսġʿͬԼ
һͨԺеġ֮ʯһζԸɽǿɱʷǡԼõ200㣬ټɱЩ޾䣬Լǰ۵˵Ѿۻ269㡣
ԭЩ˵򿪡֮ʯһ㣬ȡĽսѾüޣһжѾˡ
ֻھͶһпԶϿʼսа
ңһĽȻûһȴ֪еһİ
֮ʯһ˴͸
Ժȥһͷ
һ̣¡Ժһâǣ͸֮ʯ£֫˺뵤֮С
ˣ
ԭѾǿϢѸԭֻһ㡰͸ЧֱĲ㣬͸ʣҲԭİٷ֮壬ֱ˰ٷ֮ʮÿιһδ͸Ч֡
һء͸֮Ҳ֮ˮǴߣѣֱӴԭ侳أᵽ˽ӽصľ硣
ڣͲһˣ
һеöҩЩҩǡָšЩۻ
Ǯʹĥ˴ĲƸͬʱҲʹǹ͢ʦеĵλ
һΣȺ͢ʦҵ壬ʸÿ¿Զһĵҩֱһö
棡
岱һöҩ£˲ϢһɻڱըƬ֮󣬵ҩҩľҲɹͻء

¡
ңĿӾƿңԶֻĴϣһֺ޴ĳǳشڳǳصϷܲһ߲ͣںд
ǳصĶ棬һƬ͹½ظƣͬľ˰㣬һֲȣʱĴһΪҽĸо
Ǿ˹ظԭ
ңԶ¤κεܹܵһƬ½أһ۹в
Ȼ˴ڣǶԭ˵Ƭ¡ĸԭͷ·һ硣
Ƭ߸ߵĲԭϣԼսʿԭһһεĻǣȴԶԳ׵Ļǡ
ߴĺγһεļ̱ݣԭĵ۹ԷӳԼʵ
һһΣԭϵȺӣϵͻԭɱӣȻڴ֮ǰ˻˹ظԭ
ԭ֮أڸԭϵ˹ص˵һƬ֮أֱǳصĽǸ˵ĳ֡
ǣ
溲
ңԶأ½ĳǳؾһž޴Ķӣ˵۹İͼϣΪ¤˹ص۹Ĵڡ
Ĵ󽫸溲Ǻɨ¡Ϊ˹ص۹ɵĴڡ
Ǹߣҹҹ䬡ĸҥֹ¤ңԶ˹ظԭϣͬ˾֪Ϊɵ
Ÿ溲ĴڣűǵĶˡ¸޳¤ҡԡ
ϣ
ױƵʹͻȻ֮䣬һҵս˻ƿգֱƵĴ½˴
սգֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һѪɱĺӰƬ½ˣǵӰıһ˴衣
Ϯ
ǵӰֵͬʱǵĳ¥ϣһڱȻޱȵĴ
¤߽磬˹صϤˡֳصİ״ĺǵӰӺԶܿó
ⲢŵԭԴӴ󽫾ڴˣ˹ص۹ܣѾܾûиĳڱǵҰˡ
Ѱ
¡
ڱͬʱȻ֮ǧʿӳӿѸٵļС
ڶ࣬Ǳȴûз˿ĻңǱλĹУҲϸѭĳּ
ǰ󲻹Ϣʱ䣬ӴһͻȻְ֮еʿλһɭϵϢ͸ִء
ǳؼžճһ㡣
õѵڴ˿¶ɣʼճ״̬ս״ֻ̬ϢʱѸٵˡ
ȻܳԽԽǳĶȴԽԽ󡪡
¡¡
һͬХһƬʵĴ½ʼ΢ţǽģԽԽԽԽ˽˶ǳǧĳصŸ
˹صĴ
¥ϣһսʿ׷ױɫ¤꣬ϰ˺˹֮ս
εսԲͬ
Ǽҵǳ˹ظԭԵشĴǧԶԶս
ִ𶯵սľʮϡ

ͻȻ֮䣬֪˭ָԶе
ϯϯ˵Ŀ⣬ԶԶģƬƵĴ½ˣһ˾޴ģаٳ߳ͻȻ֮䴣
ϣһ·Ѫ͸ľ޴սӭչ衣Ѫϣһֻ޴ͷʨצ˺ԶľҲܿ
ͷʨ죡Ϥŵ߹»
һ̣˷׷ױɫеʿٽҲ׷¶˽ŵɫ


482 جĴ
¤򣬼ͷʨ˲࣬ǲ֪ȴûСΪ˹ص۹һĴڣ
µһ󽫾˹ص۹ġս񡱣Ϥŵ߹»
˹ص۹˵ݵλԶͬͳطΪ󽫵ġء͡ç֧λͬڴƵ۹ӹУΪս̫ٱá
꣬úɨ¡˹ظԭв˹ص۹ǡ֮δȫΪˡϤŵ߹»
˹ص۹ΨһܹսáģҲϤŵ߹»ˣ
˵ñ񣬵ǴӵĴս֮Ϥŵ߹»Ҳûгֹ˭Ҳû뵽˹λ˵еǿ߻ʱ֡
һɲǣ£˵Ŀⶼͬһ
Ӱ˵λ˹شĵһ󽫾ͷ̫󣬴˵ѹҲ̫
˵һпܺĻҲֻʣ´󽫾ˣ
һʱ˵Ŀ׷˱ǵĶ¥ǵ֪ʱ֣ΰͬһɽͰӰ
Ǹߣҹ
ۺʱ󽫸溲ֶﶨɽӰĴڣ
Ϥŵ߹»
ΡȻĳ¥棬溲˫ŷ£˿ƣȴһɺɽǧơ
Ϊ۹Ĵ󽫣溲ȴеݿѹһ˫֮䣬ҫأȻŭȴǣȻη֮ġ
ΪսõĲ溲Ķ˹ذʨϤŵ߹»֮Ĵս
ս֮˹شҲܿڸԭΣԼϤŵ߹»ĵֿ˹ظԭ
溲ⳡսԶԴ
֮ʱ䣬ֻи溲֪Ϥŵ߹»֮ûַԭжôʴȣΪǳսشŲ˳
ô꣬ҲӦúõĲˡ
з˹֮ѾܾûսˡϤŵ߹»ͻȻҪʲô
ĵ溲һڼף裬վڳ¥棬һССսۣںж鲨ˡ
Ǵʱ˿̣溲ȴЩΪϤŵ߹»Ϊ˹ص۹ľٶ̫
Ϥŵ߹»Ȼųưʨ󽫣˹ص۹ĵһ󽫣Ⱥսõ۷ʱҲκβ
Ǹ溲ϾҪȥ˹أҰսͳǳطȫ£˹ص۹׺ݡǿֻҪڿҰսʨϤŵ߹»Ҳһ޼£
ô꣬նɱ˹ǧ򣬲֪١˵Ƶ۹˵һֻӶ˹˽⣬ǵĻһǸ溲ı
ѪͻľӣѾԶһκεĿ籩꣬˶Ϳ׶˵ġ
ô򵥵ĵ溲˹˲᲻ס
Ϥŵ߹»ûĿĵ飬ʨ󽫡й˵ǻۣҲܵסõĹˡ
溲վڳ¥棬Ժд˷˲Ϣͷ۹ƣ¤ľȫԺзӶ
¤ıԵǴ˹˻ʲôϣҶи֥
ټϷⳣĸ۹˫һһĴڣʨҲʲôͻȻ
ҲǷ
һλǲ۲۵ϽʱҲûٺ˹սʳ˵Ĺˣ˵˹ء
ʵϣո۹İͼͻ֣ᷢĩ˵Ҷǣٵٵ¤Χ˹ظԭıԵƵ۹ıһ赣˹ε˸ԭ档
˼˳ıͥ嶫ͻʺĶƾӴıҲʱ֧Ԯ󶼻
˹ǲп֮ģǡ
Ͻ
ڤڤУһӹԺ溲һͻȻ֮·ʲôɫʱѿ
޴Ψһ˹˿֮ҲֻϽˡͨʮƾ޷ܵѲܡ
Ǹ溲ΪͨսܣҲֻʧƾʵֻҪվȽŸƾʵϺ󷽵ԮȫԻܸ޷
һ̣溲ȴһּ䲻õԤУ
أ
ڸ溲üƤֱвʱԶƵľ޴ԭ½ͻȻһͳ۵ţŽǸѪɫͷʨԱߣһСһĺɫսʮӰ£ͻȻ
ɫսϣֻŤ̤ŭĿںţĿޱȡ
սһһڣһһСŴһ𡣿˲ս죬溲ɫһ䡣
սֻҪ¤ڹ˶İ˹ش󽫡ç֧ս졣
˹صԱ󽫾Ȼͬʱ˸Ƶ˹½رԵͬʱвŴƵ¤ء
һɲǣ溲о˳صѹ
κһ۹󽫼ﶼӵоصáЩ۹Ĵ󽫺ٻ֡
˹ص۹Ĵͬʱһ𣬱ٱǣֱǰδС
һɲǲֹǸ溲бĽ졢ʿ˶о˳ѹ
˹ش֣Ѿȫͬ
¡¡
񶯣̼ŵļž֮󣬳ǧ˹ͬ㵹Ľһ㣬Զ˹ظԭй£űϯǹƾ춯أɽ
ؼնȻýޱȡ
¡
¥ǣ溲ͻȻһ̤ſΰ¶һɱ䡢ɱζ
ȫ䱸
溲ְһɽ纣ͬ籩һ㣬𡣶ͬһʱ䣬𣬴򱱶ŭһһѪɱƣֱƼʡ
սڿʼˣ

˹ص۹ʧõĴ󽫾Ϥŵ߹»ͬçֽ֧¤䬱ǣ
Ϣʦ
Ȼ𺳵ģȴǵ۹ϵϢ
ͨˣʮսʿگ˹صļл´ܣʮ˴룬ȥ֧ԮͨԮҲ⵽˹صĽػ
ϢʦһƬȻҰһƬֻţ


483 Ļ̻̣
ϢڼǰģһߵĳѪ뾩ʦֻ̧ϵļԮϢԲѡ
˵¤߽˹˵ĽǶԴƵĴٽôϽʮجǵ𺳡
û뵽ֽ˹˵Ľ˻֮С
˹ǶԴƵսǳ׵ľѣ
ϣһʷе˻׶ͨ죬ȵķŭ
Ѿˣ¤ϣ˹شٽƣľӳʮⲻǾʲôҪô
Ѿʧˣﻹб
Ҫͨõķ
ǱѾϤŵ߹»Ͷç֧ǣƣ
˵ڲǳʱǲ֪˰ɣ
ڵĵĲϵļʮգ϶ʮƾ񶼵ס֮ؽһƽ˭Եסگ˹ص

ˣһɲǼ䣬ͺеĿһԭӵĴ˲䰲䡢ʷȫĬ
һϢ͢
սܴ˵ǵģ˵ǵϵĽա
Ϊϵϣ϶ǶԿگ˹صĵһҲһϡ
Ϊϵ϶ľӹģһֱӴʮԶ¤溲ıͰĸ֥ľӡ
ǰثҲûʮľӡ
³ϵʱСģ׽Ϊԭ
ֻ޷ͻȻԼ³ոϱλãԸѹվʹһлΪС
͢һԮҪϵʱ䣬֯Ǵ򣬸гһ㣬ʱ֯ɡ
ڴ֮ǰ
ϵĽûκεıӻ뵽گ˹شͻĺд󳼶ס
塭
ɫأȴʲôҲ˵󳼣վڰУͻȻһˡ
϶ʮȻ䵽˵ز˭Ҳû뵽ġ˵Ұôһˣ֪һлᷢչڵĻôʣһ塣
֪ΪʲôǸо֪һлᷢչһиоֵֹġ
⺢ʲôעҲһ
ͷŴа

©ƫꡱԭ͢Ϊϵսܶ𵴵ʱ򣬴ƵıȴͬĲƽ
벻ʮȻ˹غگ
ҹɽԱãã޼ʵĲԭϣһ޴°ɫʴΧһͷͷʨӰѩ׾ǣһĴķ
°ɫľ޴棬ͻҫһڵӰͶʱϣӴޱȡ
ȻûʩչһһʽҲûʹκεѧǵڵӰɢһɿֲϢͬ޵׵Ԩһ㣬ͷɷΧڵ¹ȫ˹
ҵ£ƱͥңšֻдƱͥ춯Ǿ˳£׵Ļǣ
Ǵȭͷԥ
Ǵ󺹣Ǿͳ׵ƻʣ
ҡҷһСƺǳļɵ
٣㻹ΪǰǸʮ񡭡ʮ񣡻ǰĴƣگ˹㳲Ҳܹսʤ
ǴƮƺĳֻ֮С
Ƶǿһ˿ģ
Ƶľλʱ򣬶ͻֵǿ׳ʱʩɺֻһ׳ĺͯ
ʮȫװͻǿĺǿɺȴסİǧƾ֮ĶͻԪˣ䡢ַɨ˺ܳʱ
ʮĴƱܹס˷۹ľѹԵǿʵ͸װ
ʮƾԮȻگ˹ػͻʺĵ۹˵ǰֱ붼顣
Ѿôˣǰôǿˡ̫ˣǣҲǰˣ
ǴͻȻø߿ޱȣΧеİɫȺҲƺܵʲôһ¶Ŀ⣺
ȥɣͻʺʹƱһսڣԺ󣡡
ǣˣ

ͬʱңԶԶԱ
һƬƽԭһ峺ĺ밲ңңԵĵطһͦʵĳǽš
ǽѬǣսȴļߴ󡢼̣ĳǳҲ޷֮ȡ
Ĳǡ
޴ĳǳ棬дȴĺ֡߾۹ڣȻԲͬдĹٷȴǱ׼֡
¡
ͻȻ֮䣬յĸĲźȻ󿪣һӶӵĸ߾ӿͬһʱ䣬ϳǱطĴҲӿѸ߾ʿ
ͻȻ춯޵ؽ磡
аĴսʿͻȻıʾˡ
ԶӵͳμĵλֵλԼȥģѪüսͳġ
߾۹һֱñķʽż̵ĳǽ͸ֹ£ŴƵĽ
Ž飬ǰûз
Ϯ
ˮϣƵĳͻȻԾĽţȥû˿ڡĲǡĳǽ棬һĸ߾󽫣ѳĬĬעĿ⸴Ӳѡ
Уһɫĸ߾ʥּʥּϵġˮ¡ͼıˡ
һԸ߾۹ĻʵԨĵּ⣡
ǣƴƣ
ɫʥּ棬ֻôȰ˸֡
һҹ֮䣬Ƶܶͻʺ߾۹ңԶĴʳ۹춯
Ļ̡̻
ֻһԤϣʼյݡ


484 Լоʲô
һֻصˡ
տХվֹɽɽޱȵƽսܣԮأ˷
һеһУ͵һģһ
ƶھ޴л̻̲ʱֻƽԤϵһС
ӣѵѾˡô졭
һϤԾս۹ͬʱ¡¡ɰǧɽϼ£һӴƴݿ࣬ϱ
忴Щ۶ӰĿ׷ǣһֱʧԶ
֪ףЩϢǿޱȵʵӸĻ侳֣
Щ˱˴˶ڲͬңӵвͬΪһƢǴʱ˿̣ȴѾֳһ֧ӵĳΡ
ҵǿѹƣټԾűܹڶ̶ʱһ֧ľӡ
ȻԶûдﵽĸ߶ȣԾѾ¶ԼǸұۣΪŹɵָ츳
࣬еڶ׶εѵɣ
ȡ׼õͼֽݸԾ䡣ЩҴ廿侳ֻԶԶﲻԼҪļнֹ仯ˣʹָĵزֻҪԼǵҲ㹻ˡ
ģҲֻо;ѵˣһֺѵڵԾ»ɲˣֻԼѵˡ
ǣӣ
Ծ䵹ûж룬ͷѸתȥ
գ
㼲ۣԾһܿǰѸٵǧ˶飬һϵĴǰԾȺҴγɵǧ˾ٴα仯һ̳
벻ѵǣ
ͻȻһ̾Ϣζӣ˵ζһ飬Ȼ֮عͷͿһϤӰ࣬һϮɫۣһһ͸һɹĴɽ
ϹܼӰϢ档
ӣԲһ˵֪ͨġ
Զκʹͷ˫һɫ
һ΢΢üܿͻָ
ºϹܼҶѾôľˣԼȴ˿ûвʵǲӦáϹܼɲΪʵҲȻˡ
ȻԼڽȣʵϹܼɲǿ߻úԶ
ˣԼ֪Ҳ
Ϊ˹غگģ
عͷƺϵϹܼһ
ϵԲԣ
ɫأһͿżɽԶûôɡ
˹ءگܾãȫǳһֱо֪Щʲô
ų
¤߽磬Ϥŵ߹»Ͷç֧ͬʱ֣ǣǣƸ溲һ֪ǲǣ

·ͬСɣȴѯʻĽҰһʮ꣬ΪֱǷˣȴȫ϶㡣
ЩʸףʳޣԶ޷İġ
ͥ췬ڴǣƴƸıǰδС
Ȼ͢ϵ˻ûзȴѾоһǰδеΣ
ʱһĻηԶԶıŴƵľӻʲôʱȻôΪˡ
ⷴоһΣ
ڴѾپˣ˴ܹ֮Ĭһǣƴƣôƻƾʲôѹӵ֮أ
ƻ˼ʮ꣬ϰʱ䣬һʢ̫ƽºͰľ档
һ߽⣬ʧȥ˾η֮ģôԭ֮Ҫٴ뵱ֱӸľ棿
һʱʧִԷƽϣǺƽĬˣôȴƵĽһΣķַս
ڵĴѾԶûеôǿ󣬳õĺƽ߽ģǵֻΪ촷۵ȴڴƺƽõóףõ˴ľ˴
Ѿñȵǿ̫ˣ
ǣ֣ܲģϵս»ֻһˣȴƵĽ޾ı꣡
Ƥ֮棬ëɸһû˿Ҵ棡
ǣ
ɣûʲôԥ̹ľͳˡ
棡
棡
Ժд֮ʯûһĿֻǶŶ
һɲǣȴסˡ
Ȼϵʱһǿҵֱǵϵʱʼδĸо
Щ㵵Ŀ壬ԺһƬңȫ˵ʲôо
֮ϣ֮أ¤
Щطıûκһ˿ǰԤϵԼ֮ǰ˵ԤϵһУΪǷˡ
塭ȴˡ


485 սǰ׼
㵽ô֪
Ĭ˺ܾú̫ˡȻķ꣬η籩һ˫۹еʱ򣬾ǰʮꡣ
Ⲣʲô̫ܣ
ҡҡͷƵȻߣӵһļ䣬Ǻܶ鲢Ҫ֪ȾҲһܹƶϳ
گ˹ء߾ͻʺʳЩ۹ЩԽԽǿ󣬷۴ȴһֱͣͲǰ
ֻͣͲǰʵǲϵ˲
͢£ҰһƬи֮ģƫƫôĸעЩ췬֮ضҰġ
е֮У˹غʹƵĳͻΪңͬʱҲ߽ԡ
ͬڶͻʺ˹ص۹ԶӸԭ֮ϣԭϵĵ۹㡣
ÿս˹ֻҪԶ½˱ӹһ١ʼնӵһȫıݣָҲҪⷬöࡣ
ͬʱ˹Ҫţƾϰһжע˹ԶֵǸ
޷ʮگǸ
ѾɹͨҪսͱסԮɾǣ¤ĸ溲ıڱС
ԶһУ⡣
˹Ȼǻ֮ԶûĸǵıȴżλǿĴڡ
ǴޡأϤŵ߹»ç֧¼һһĶУ˿ѷɫԭ
Щ֣սϸ϶ɳˡ֪ҲһöûС
ܷЩΪʲô˵
ǰ꣬ζӡ
ǰⷭһǳľޡʱսܣ¤ΣգͥѾȥЩˡ
˵ˣͻ𣿡
嵭
սѾֵزˣ֮Ӵ󡢸ĵ۹ӭ˵һ𼶱ƹصΣ
ΣֻһһΣգһһ
һȥĶŵЧӦһһֻὫ۹׵Ļ塣
ʱѾûκıҪˡ

Ļͷܲգ̾ϢһҲ˵
˵û£ͬСɡ
׿ڸһлηҼ˵ĹϵҲóȻŵġ
ⲻǶŲεĹϵǳô±ôģܲκεĸ顣
ȷ֤ݣƾһ˵ļƶϣһҵľ²ãʮʮⲻһȷĴµ̬ȡ
ԣ˵ʲôһ֮ǰģԼ
Ϊһ㣬̲ס̾ϢһвһǿҵС
սܣѾûжıˡ
ѵһж޷𡭡
һɲǣмӲѡ
£Ѿ޷⣬֮ôϵս
ɫ
ӵʲôزֻҪһлûг䶨;׷
ڻʲô취ѾˣƾһǧˣֻǱˮнʲôҲˡ
ЦĿԶһɽͷϹ̳
һжѾˣոյѾס֮ǰΪ˴ЩҴǿߣָϡ
ҲֻϵΣ֣Żֵټôĸ֣ôĴˡ
һעֻǱˮнһǧʿǾʦиĸأ
һսֻһǧǿ߾ܽģսԶûô򵥣
һԣô֪ܲܳɹأ
巴ʵɫ͸һɼᶨ
ϵս·չһѾû취ˡһǧҴĸȻ࣬ȴĿǰΨһˣҲ㾡ȫŬ
Ҫô㣿

£û⣬໹죬Ҿͻ뿪ûһٰҲ޷µһöƣнֹ⣬ܡ¾ͶЩָҰɡ

ͷûж˵ƽϹܼȻ뿪ˡ
Ŀ뿪Ŀвһ£ܿͻع
ÿȥһ֣Σһ֣ʱѾˡֵÿһʱ䡣
ণ
һХɽ֣սգֻ֮䣬һƥɽеµʱ䣬ڱԽĽ׳ǿ
ǹʹ⣬ڵİڶѾȫﵽ˳׳̬ǰͬն
ݣ
巭ץס͵һһͬһֱ̰żҵұͳȥ

ʦһ޴廹ûпһ󶣶Ũ̳
ӣ
壬һżҵĸ˼ӭڵż£ûвʶġ
ҽȥɡ
ӰϷżɽ
żҵһƬæŨ̹ڶ棬ܹоһȵ˹
ӣķԸдʦĽʦȫҹϹҪȸֽǳӣ¡ող뿪ĻͿˡ
ͷżҸǰܵ
żҵѾܾûôˣдʦĽʦȫˣ̶̼ڶȹȥü»Ҫæµˡ
˵ͷ
ȸֽͬСͬĿɨһۣԿĸػҵĸҲפ
ȸַͬСɣֻҪܹõֶкܶԸա
壬ôˣ
˵䣬һɷӭȡżżżҵĳϼӭ
ȸֽôˣ
˵ͷк
ͿˣҪԼˡ
ȿ壬ĿЩǡһǧȸֽҪ򣬶żҴ嶼Ƚϳο廹ֻһˡ
Щһ˸ɲˡ
֪ˣֻҪһǧȸֽǰĹͿˣǾͲصˡ
ƽ
ȸؼļȫУû˷ðˡܹӣȸֽ󼸵򷴶򵥺ܶࡣ
ֻҪ׼㹻ĴҺȸֽĴ൱Ŀ죬ҪȾż׺ܶࡣ
⣬׵ѾϽˣѾල̡ȸֽ¿׻ĳ
Աߵż첹
ȸֽ̫࣬൱鷳Ŀ׷򵥺ܶ࣬岢촿ףǽ뵽Ʒ֮УѶȣͬʱҲ˿׿Զ
ȸֽͬڶ׷Ҷ൱о顣Ψһ鷳ǣ۵ܸߣҪȻĻϺܶࡣ


486 ؼʨӳǣ
ȥмһ޴ıݣûдȫ߶ľ죬֮иһصķģޱȡ
ǾżҴűĵط
ȸֱʹ
߹ȥѻȸֽһѣϸĶꡣûдȴһſҹڶŹ
ҹ͵ĹâԿȸֽǳȻûоĴ򣬵ǽߵѾۼС
żҵĽʦȷʵ
Žߣû˵ȴ˵ͷ
һǧȸֽͬСɣҪô̵ʱҹԼյĶ죬ĵľǾżҿз¡
ʵ֤żһ൱ӡ
Щȸֽÿһǧע˴ѪĶϣżҵĽʦԶĻҪӵĶࡣ
ضһֵ˵˽Ȼ˵ͷ

ЩȸֽÿһֶģǴȸ֡־Ӫȸ֣ÿһȸֵıҪ֣ЩȸֵķϤ
ȸǲܲģĻҲͻˣ
ЩȰ͹ȥµģ͹ɣ
ȸֽߵ
ھżңҲǳ׷ˡ
ӾżҵֱĶ߶ȥ󣬾żҵȸֽҲԴԴϵ붴֮С
ʱĹȥȫ磬ȫͶ뵽ȸĶ֮С
һȸֽϵľ֣Ӷ֮ͳֹɽϣȻ;żԼҵһ𣬷䵽һҴĻ侳ϡ
ࡱƾЩеֻǧ˾ӢΡ
ʱȣŴ£жϵȫͶڶдȸֽʱҲǵظ췭
ϵսǣ۹ǧ˵ģÿһ춼Ϣϴ
սܵϸϵھ֪Խ࣬˵бԽǾᡣ
֮սǰߴһţǺ䶯ʦ
ͨʮƾڣӽµʱ䣬͢յͨš
һԮţ
˵ʨӳǡеʳ֧Ԯ̫ã໹һʱҪľˣ͢Ѹٵĵʳ
ȻӸͨӡ¡
У˵һ֪ԭ϶ʮаЩһʨӳǵĵطҹҹĵУοġ
Ǻܿ죬ɻĶͳʲôʨӳǣ
Ǹط
Ϊʲôطܲ赲סگ˹ؼʮĹ
ʷӿԺ
Ĺܿ챻ٵ͢ѯʨӳǵ⡣Ŀ鷢ˣʱ˻ĹԱ֮󣬾Ȼûһ֪ʨʲô
ǣڴƵĵͼͼϣȻȫҲʨӳǡ͢Ͻָƣ˼ʮϳ֪ʨӳʲôĸλ
Ŀֱ࣬Խܣ
漴̽ϣϵƾʿû˸
Ϊ֪İʿŻϡڣܹǣ۹ʹǲ
ûǣگ˹޹˼ɣ޷ʹޡɵ룬ϣһֱ¤˿Եֵǡ
Ȼ˷׷״̽ʨӳǵλöõʱ򣬳ϵķתȴڱһ³С
ͻȻˣ³بֶʱᵽҪϽǵ顣
Һиˣ̹ʱԼᵽǵĵص㣬ʨɽ
Ϣһ˶Ŀࡣ
һϢȷҰǰȷʵɳĻǰϣ˴ʣҲ͹ĻƽϵʱҰˣ
ɵĳģĴب𾪵˵
³ҪƤ֪ġҵʱԱߡǾب֪սռҪսԵλʨӳǾȻ彨ģһڰǰ
ʱ򣬾Ӧٳٶ۵ҲԼоʲô
ǸСѵڰ֮ǰѾԤ֪ⳡսҽҪģսԵĳǳ
ͷš
ˣˣȫǷˣ
ôܻ֪ƺگս
ܵģɵӲŻΪսһǳأôܻ֪گʹƻｻս
ŵŶ棬ΪսѵΪ˾Ϊ˾ǽһǳأͶ԰ƵĻƽ𣿡
⡭
Էסˡ
һ漰ʮƾʮگԼϽյս󾹾ڴƵ۶һ۵ӣ˭Ҳ벻ġ
ֱ˷˼
ʲôҲΪ˾̻ս֮Զǧ֮ʨ䣬нٵע⡣
һŵң͢ѯҲͬʱ
ֻʱѾ覹˼ϵˡ


487 ϣ
һȸֽӶûᳯ͢һǱլۡȸֹ˸䣬ֱ鸮ȥ
һ޴Һ׺ᣬдű鼸֡
³°칫ĵطˡ
鸮£³֮ȫһˡƾַʽ³鸮ο
嵽ʱ鸮յͳأκ˾ܸоѹֵա
ڱ鸮£ǵʹͷġ
³ϵĴ󶼻սܣʮʿսʮ򣬽ռˮ⵽گ˹صͿ̿
ΪϳĽʿϵѹͿ֪
Ȼ˶û˵Ϊǰ϶ˣеָȫᵽϡ
ڵı鸮û˲ʶ塣
һڱ鸮ſڣȻû֪ʲôĿģǺܿ˰ӭ˽ȥ
ڱ鸮忴ͷ­ʹЩǷϡ㾴ᣬĥ³
ˣ
߹ȥһ
ˡ
壬³Ŀһ£ܿͷ­£ǲ
ҵݵλԼȡ³̫һϵĽ飬³Ӧֻʱ³ʵûʲô顣
Ҳһ͵ĺʱ
ڵĳҰģȫϣ³ƺӹһ١ʵϣֻ³֪еѹָȫԼϡ
糯󳼵ĿҲʱʱԼϣǲơ
³ڴôģ
ԼһҪ뾩ʦ۹Ͼô顣ңȻԼǱ飬ϸϵԼ޹ء
ͨԼƼˣԼĵ̣ʮƾսĲҲ
ԼзˣһУԼռвжΡ
εľѹֱ˱˱ǣ³ԼҲΪԼĴ
ڵ²λԼȣϵĵ̣ڳ͢ĸҲҪ׵ʧȥ
⽻³ƣӦҲû˿ľˡ
Ϊϵģ
߹ȥ³Ķ£ƽ
Ǻǣ飬𣿡
³Ц
ȫǶࡣڿ׳նĴɡگ˹ؾȻϱˣǰŵ顣
һķˡ
ԼֻǰŸߣžͱ޺ͻǳ˸н
λãֻҲˡ
˼Ȼ飬Ϊʲô뿪ȥμӡָϵأ

뿪Ǳ飬Ҫֳ͢еô뿪ȥμǰߵս꣬ʲôʱ򿴵һ̣
³
ĽֱǸЦ
һȥս˭ֱ¡ߵǽȻͬġ
͢ĹعȻɷϣǿ뿪˭ֹڳҰĿⶼϣܹϵ⣬ʱ˭ֿԸָˣ

³Ŀһ¡뿪ʦԽϵ⣬ֺγȥǡ
ڴ֮ǰȥ˻ԣڣȥʲôأ
У壬㲻ġ͢ĹزԷϣΪ飬ǾԲ뿪ǵġ
³һֻһͻָ侲
ϵսѾأòײڵλãô˿ţԲʧ
ϴ󶼻Ѿ޹أ٣סλá

һֱڹ۲³ϵı仯ɫнסһ̾Ϣ
³ָƣǸ޷ǴޡأЩ˶ָƣǵо
ϵ飬λǰΰϴ󶼻°Ҳиֹϣ
һ̽Ҳʧˣ
ڵ³Ѿǰ³ˣǷݶȨѾȫսʤΪ۹󽫲֡
ѾǰǸ۹֮ˣ
ЩʧЩͷš
һչ黹ֻܿԼ
ˣеģ
Ҿһ񣬿żɽ
ȻѾȷָλƵı飬㲻ԥ

³ᰡһ΢΢һ£̧ͷ壬һ¶𶯵ɫ
Ҫ뿪ʦ
ǣ
嵭Ȼ
Ѿټһǧ񣬲ս뿪ʦϣ
ⷭ˵ƽƽǳƽû˿Ĳ
ﾲĵģȴȻһ˿仯
³ǰ꣬㱼ʲôĿ֮ǰʱȻͬ
ʱʲôѾײˣʱȥֻһ飡
³壬Ŀеһδһ˿⡣
˵ܶ࣬ӵҲšһεĸоȫͬ
³ţܵҪֹջǴסˡ
ϵ᧿ΣһˮģʲôֻҪһ˿ϣܾ
Ҫʲô
³ĿѸٵı
ǰεİϴ󶼻ȻҪȥϣһоͱúˡ
ҪϵһңҪϵһƣһԽư϶ڴڵơ

ɫᶨӭ³ĿҲû˿ų
Ļ³һ£ͫͻȻޱȡ
Ƿ⽮ȻǱ飬Ҳȫһν⣬ܡ
µûȷʵһƣݣԽư϶ʮ
Ҳ֮ǰͨԼķʽ
Ҳ׵뿪ϣҽλͨ
ǳأߵһЩˣû֪
˻ڿʲô
Թɫ³ûпھ֪ôģ
ϵսѾֵزˣѵΪİ취
θ˼ȡ
³ʱڰϧëΪǸ۹֮ˡ

³˽ս̾Ϣһվ˾
ϣҵľǴģ
գ
һ³һĺڽɫƣС³ûݹȥ
֮ǰشһ⣬ʨӳǣԤϵ𣿡
ǣ

³̾Ϣһ˵ʲôеĺڽɫƵ˹ȥ
Ҫʲô𣿡
ԸĻͶɼߵ佫Ұɣ
˵仰뿪˱鸮
ӱ鸮뿪ֱӷֹɽǧգһʱôѵڵµʱˡ
¡¡
վֹɽĶˣ𶯣һĿϯԾһȣһǧȫװҴĸ֣սдԶϯ
̳𣬽ǧƵĹӶͬХĺХΪ׵һ߰˳ߣ·˰׳ۣһһ˶ߵĴ󽣸ޱȡ
ƣӵ־ǵģҲֻҵˡ
¡¡ڶѵӪѧˡȴδδš
еעȫǰЩĴϡ
֮УΣأҪ˳ڻü
վɽۣɫ࣬ĿûпһǧҴĸ֣ȺĻĹӶ֡
Х飬ɽ纣Ķ˭Ҳû˵ʲô˶һںɫ
ӶֱǵѪƽƽһնûУ˶Ӷˣ
ĻǿȫǶࡣ
ڹӶֻҪӾˣΣԽ󣬱ԽֻҪһ㣬Ķ˵ȫڿ֮С
ߣ
ЦһûʲôսǰĶԱҲûʲôսǰĹ裬৵һ³ϵ彣ֱָա
ݿ࣬ƥȸֽɢâ

һ£ʯ쾪ŰڣһȣԾֹ壬϶ȥ
󣬺¡һĴХ£ɽХ৶ȥ
Ƶ۹עڳ͢ϵʱûж֪Ǽƽ𣬻һǧȸֽĸϢ뿪˾ǣңԶϡ


488 Σݣ
ңԶϡ
һƬʮʮںبڴگ֮䣬ˮģֱͨΪ
֮أûв֪ġ
;ŵ˶ﾭһƽ֮֮ȻȴϢ
ɣ
һֻֻѻſ򣬳ȺӣӶŶԱһƬƽԭȥ
ʬ壬ɫ԰ף׳£ڵϡЩ棬дƵģگģҲ˹صģȴǴƵġ
ŨҵѪϢȾ졣һֻֻѻ£Щʬϣļ๺ݺݵʳЩʬ۾Ѫ⡣
ո£ǧѻʳʬ壬γһȺֲȺѻʢ磡
֮սս
ϸꡢꪡõսݺύһ𣬹ⳡսĻ档ȻѾȥܾãĳ̶ֳϣⳡսԶûн
˵ǳһСӽģ
Ѫζսϣ޿۴䣬°ѩ΢һ˫۾ԶһΡ׳ĸǳأ¶һ˿ɫ
˵Ĳƶе̽ѾմСǰ󲻹࣬ͽǳء
֮ĵطһ۲ŴԣҰĵӱ˫ֵ
ӴŽۣ׳˶Ͷ¶һ˿ŨҵĹȻվڴޡһ˹ԣҲѷɫ
گ۹ܴﵽһҲֻگĻʵۣΪǿġ޷ˡ
û˵ȴ¶һֵɫ
ʮگ϶ʮ˹ذϵʮƾѷɡ
Ȼʵǣһƾڶ֮ϣ޽֮У۵ĳǳأΪһսĹؼء
İƾ˵಻࣬˵Ҳ١ƾ˫ϵӴ׾ͿԽǽ
Ȼʵǣ̵ĳǳأǰƾֵˣһŲ״̬
ڵǣƵŻѾ򿪣ʮȻɱȥ̤ԭ
Ϊƽԭĳǳأͳеİƾʹʮ˹غگϲϣ²£
һССʨӳǣһШӣڴƵϣگ˹صļʮ֮С
ȻԶ˹غگȻӵװϵǿƣӲ֣Լ֮սƾʿȻռžԵơ
žƵıگǾԲսʮƾģ
˫ֱһŪãпܱƾˡ
Ͼƾһ֮Ȼս֣
Ҵˡǳ죬ҲеõϢû⡣뵽ǳزǰĿĽ죬ң滹㹻ĵʳڿǳ׼ġ
޷Ҳǹֵֹġ
䣬һگĻʵۣһ˹ص۹ϵĴ࣬ȴһԶǧ֮⣬Ƶ۶Сһ
ԽܵǣǸӸ˵ΪʹƳ͢ûκεĹϵ
Ļ϶ʮҲҰˣӲˡ
Ǹ˵Ǿ;ԲСˡλȥ֮һὨر飬Ϊʲôｨһǳءҵģ⺢ӽ»вگ˹ء
޵Ȼ֪޷ǸĺӾ˭Ҳûкչ档
ΪһߣıޱܵĲϲֱӲϲֲܿƵĶ
ʣƽԭǳأңԶ۶е嶼ȫĿơ
һǳؾֹǣҲ̫ˡ𾴵Ļʵ۱£˵飬׼ôˣ
ȻһЦܿԱߵĸ޷
ȻЩ鷳Լһǳؾܵס̫ˡ
ͷİɡѾگеũ򣬷ǿگľʮ죬ӦþͿɴˡʱ򣬴ǣƾذޱȡ
޷Ŀ⾫µ룬Ц
ߣãҾ͵ĺϢƾǱߣʱٻһʱ䡣أǣԲҪóƾѡѾޱãֻҪʨӳƾ֮ؽŻ󿪣˹غگľӽһƽϰ
һͻȻŤǰһ޴ɳ̡
ָһһˣݺݵĲɳϴʨӳǵλãȻݺһʨӳǡΪ촷ۡ
޹Цţת뿪⴦Ӫʡ
󣬸ŶĵطһƬдеɭӲɭ֮Ҷڶ
ǧگũУһĿںţһÿõĴȻ£ԶһܼܵڳΡ


489 ǧＱо
¡¡̳ͨϵĴϣһ֧ǧ˵ľӷɽԽ룬Ǵ£ϵķ򼲳۶ȥ
ݣ
һޣһȣһǧװȸֽ׵Ҹ֣ǧĸ֡
ӾǳѾգһ·ϣ˼ٶжҹʱ䣬Ѿǧ·̡
ּоǲģˣȴһɵĸоûС
棬һһʮƾս϶ƾ
棬һʮƾս϶ƾѸ뾡ȡж
棬ʮƾսʨӳƾ74517
棬ʨӳƾۻ۳1㣬ʾͷ
ʨӳƾÿ۳1㣬ﵽǧÿ۳2㣬ﵽ3ÿ۳3㣡
ɿۣ޷һڸϵսߴκһΪ˵ʧܣֱ

֮ʯĲ˿಻ϣٲ㲻ϵĴԺг̶£ÿһϢھʾʱ䲻ˡ
ʱѾ覹˼Щˡȫ˼ϵսİսʿԼļʮϰա
ֻԼԼʱûһˡ
ʮ죡ʨӳʳֶֻܼʮ첻Ĺһʳľʿͻ᳹ױʨӳټ̣Ҳһ
Хд˷εѹʱ޿̲ڼѹֻԼ֪ԼŶ尾
ھʦ֮е̫ʱˣòô£Ҫ͵ӴսУԼŬȥıⳡӰƣ޵Ĵ£ͱó׼
ûгȸֽûм᲻ɴݵףûԼ׼Щ֡Լٶ࣬ϵټʮگͶʮ˹شǰҲֻݺ۵ء
󾫶ࡱԱʱҲֻ¹ս岢ûмɣЩ£ǻ˲ʱѵǡ
ֻ׼ˣܽⳡսЩʱ޷ʡġ
ǰڵһ׼Ѿɣ߾ȫǰ˷ѵʱ䱻
һսսжԶ
ͷҲص
ʮл˵սѾ׼áʱԻˣ
һԽļ঴ͷӥ˷ӥһߺ岢۳ҵӾ£·;ңԶûκһƥԳҹо
ȴδܹš
ԭܼ򵥣Ȼ֮ǰԶھʦδǰڵ׼о·ߣϢվ׼á
ӵ۶£ͨϵĵ·ϣеһжѾ׵ûκεĵ
ÿʮ룬һվջս
һһÿʮսһֱͣ޶ȵıսͼоٶȡ
Ǿе֯
İż˿죬ޱȣ漰棬ȴ˸оһ㡣
һ㣬ڵĴƾô̵ʱһģ޼ϱӣƾǿ֯оǧûбЩס١
󣡡
˼ĴɽֱͦϣͻȻһֱֻۣ
¡¡ٵϣ̳ԭȻĴͻȻ֮һңƥսײһ
Ǻܿ죬ʧǧ˵ľӺָܿнֹһ£¶һɼɭϣѪļƣԭֹɽȣֹһ
ǰڶǽҵԾ䣬ǺڶԼѵ̵
ϱ£ŽġʥѵһȺӣЧο֪
Ӿ켱оʱ䣬岻˶Щçߵĸı࣬ǧ԰ΪλһĵλۡʮΪλһʲΪλСĵλ顱
еİۡʲ飬ȫѡеĽ죬ͳ̶ͨнֹ
֮⣬廹Ծ˵Ľ֮⣬㵴µģһС
ڵ֧ȫƾʽף¶Ϣɭ󣬺ǰͬն
룬Ѿһֻεľˡ
ʸ󣡡
Ƭֱ֮һ٣ʽٴαãǧ˵ġӡѸٱóһʽɱȻ
ڶ̶ʮҵʱڣܰһЩ̵ܽĲҰçѵӣֱ˾̾
ǲҵԾ䡢ӥЩĹӶֶѾȻȻĽһ㣬⵱Ȼ顣
ԼûʶеĹ죡

һ߼оһ߲ӵʱԶɽ봦ͻȻһߺȣսգһ۵Ĵʿƺ˺ܾãˣͻȻһޣïܵ˳
ӣ´ڴˣաӷԸĶѾ׼ˣ빫Ӽ飡
ǰʿ赲ڴǰһ£ڴǰ
йâһ£һӣǧȻֹ˲ɼȫֹͣ
µڣ⻹һͣ˴Ĳ
ʱʱ󣬷ʱ䶽ٴҾô˵̵ġ
ûҪ飬ǾԲôͣµġ
һʱ䣬ҵԾ䣬ͳ˵Ŀȫеսʿϡ
ֻӥƺʲôƽǰû˿ı仯


490 
أ
Ƥ΢΢һ£ɫ



¡¡˲ĿУһطϵһصĴӣܿＲ۶
ǴĶǷ״Ͽһֻһ߳ߵӡ
ǵطפصֻӣСǳĽҶ䣬ֻ뿪Լ
䣬ֻӾͽ㱣ˡסˣڵõҵ֮ǰԲκεʧҪκ˿㣬ҲҪ׵Ĵ򿪴ӣ
Ťͷһص
ǣӣ
ԾͷԥֻҪ˵ٷҲȥɡ
飬˫һԾܿǰԳһ棬ѸٴطפصսʿнӹӣȻ󰲰ȵķϡ
ԾӹӵĴӵʱطפصʿ˿˿ظ
ʲô
һۺԱߴԱߴҵԾ仳ӣһ
ߵв֪ģӵ治֪
Ȼھ׼õġ
СĽӣʵЩ֡
ȹʱ֪ˡ䣬㵽ĩβȥɡͶ鱣ϵľ롣
˻ֵ
ǣӣ
Ծܿתȥ

һ£ܿٴγ

ʱ׾Թ϶ҹо֮ڽ˵۹ϡƬϵĵؽ磬նʱণΣյϢ
ߣߣߣ
˹غگҪ
͢Ѿսܣû˿Աˡ
㣡

һ·ϻ̻̼ɵİճȺӣϼҴڴϵؽ۹ıӴܡ
϶ʮƾսܵѾܣһЩϢĵõϢϵؽ硣
һܣʲôˡ
Ȼϵؽ϶˵֪ڿ߽ĵطȻѾʼȡж԰ˡ
Ρ
Щѵİգͷ̾Ϣһ
κɡҸһˣϵҪٵϣפأһָЩѵİ뿪˳û٣ңն뷡

κʱĲҪģϵսܹȻһ棬һ棬̻̲˴ưİԾ޴ĳ
ڴʷϣֻֻ̻̲ӴܣϦǴδйġֻܾܵĽӰ콵͵͡
ǣӣ齻ɡ
κ
ְͲսɱУ񣬱ں٣вĹ
£˳ԽսĵӰٵС
һӶֺܿ£Ȼϴŵľʽףΰŵ˵Ѿ㹻
һӶֺκ϶˶ȥ
ϿܲԽϣսվԽŨûãҲû䲻ĳӣĴ̶ϡϡ䣬һɱϢ
ণ
ͻȻһ঴ӿд˵ע⡣
̧ͷֻУһֻ˶ľӥչųлȦһ״ٶʱģʱ滺һһণǳнࡣ
ӥ
ְͷҲص
ЩӥȸӥһѵģЩҲֻӥ֪еĺ塣
ǰʼִƬĵˡ
ӥɫ廹࣬ӥȸɵԽǴԽأɵȦž롣
ֻľӥѾڿת߰Ȧˣǻûн
ˣһǣˣǸˣС
⣬ǵˣ
ӥյľӥһһķšӥ
ˣ
ǰĻΣһȻһΧҲ֮ý
о⻹˵һӴսĺܶ˵Ȼս֪˶٣սܶһҲûϹ
֮ս֮Ľȫͬ
һȺĸ֣Ҳܻҷͳǹ֮¡
˵սб̶ȵˣ
Ԯ
һ⻮Ժ弸ǵһʱ뵽ʲô
۹϶ˣگ֮Ķкܳһξ롣ͨʮƾȻܳ
ʱΨһֵܳģҲֻģѾԮˡ
ȫ׼ɱ
һ৵һγԼȸֽ䣬ָգȻ֮ɱ
ϣ
ս˻̳доӥָ£Ѹٵ⣬ֵ˵ĵط۶ȥ


491 սݿ࣡һ
Ĺˡ
ʲôޣگˣǰô࣬ͳһگû뵽ЩһȻ𱨣ǵĳǳأ˹Ϸǡָ·˹ôܶϹƣôϤ
˵ʲôˡѾˡһ죬گҪΪıѸۣ
Ҫ˵ɥսʿսɳΣҲҪ汳
ҲСǴƵսʿ

һͰɽϣʮϵĴսʿ¼飬ˣһսĺۼ
µսѥµսմһཬƺİ档
ôҲڱȲ˹ص
ǵĶ棬һȺ˵˹˾ۼһңңţƺ׼ʱ
˹Ȼ˵Ķ֣˹һۼ٣γɳıݹ⻷
Ӱ˵˹¼覣״̬ã׷ɱһ
˹˵׺ټϵĺףĶ֣Ҳһڳɱ
֮ڶûжֻ֣Ǽɵɽ𶥶ˣʮսʿĴͳѡ
˹˵ĲʽĺذףȻղߣƾ贿ĺȣȴܹ赲󲿷ֵĹ
ǴƾһЩֱͻƣ˹˰׵
һ˹˵ˣݹ⻷ơҲǼɵȻ׼ȷʵҪܶࡣ
ķޡ
ɽΧ˹˵ָָɽ𶥶˵ˣЦĿϷʣ㿴һ
˹ص˵ˣӲˡ϶Ĵƾ񶼲ǵĶ֣˵ЩԤ½פϿ˵ǲ
ͻȻǰУһӰվڼ˹˵Աߣ΢ЩĴԶ
˴Ŀ׺ʹƷǳƣȴкܴĲͬòҲ˷ǳƣֻ΢΢ƽһЩ
£ܺôƵģҲǶϵگ۹ˡ
޷ƵԮ˴ʿٵ˹棬·ָıߡˣ˹˶İη
ͶΪĺ𣿴ֻսӢۣûйµĹܡҪȡǵǾԼɣ
ɽϣһѪȾڼ׵ĴʲһָָԶگˣЦ
˵ʲô
Уһ˹һ䣬˹ʵæƾʲĻ˹
ߣѰˣȻͳȫǣѶ̧
һ䣬¡ս𶯣һɹɰİɫ⻷Щ˹ڱգ֮䣬ֻţ˷ڶ
һ¡¡ĸУһٶţ⻷Щ˹Ľ£Ϊһ塣
һٶţ⻷ӣ𵴣غϣ֮йâ仯Ƭ֮һģ޵ıӰʱУһٶ˹ȫ档
ݡȻֻ֣һ֣һٶ˹ϢθһأһǿϢѹס˶ɽ𶥶˵ƾ
ɱ
īɫ䵶γ˹ǰںƬ̵֮󣬺¡¡𶯣һ˹ǵأӿ
Сģ
ɽ𶥶ˣ˹˷棬ƾҲ΢΢ɫȻ½פٺ֣ĻƽʱѵԼά½ȶ
ʱ䣬Ѿʶ˹˵Ŀս
˹˵ѾˣټϵİףԼıݹ⻷Ѿȫѹˡ
׼
һ£ɽ𶥶ͻȻǵĻСĳͻȻ˳һУ׼ɽ³˹
һɫ۴ϸһɶ೤Ĵִ󳤼Ѹٵİ˻ˡɫļϣһѪɫ·ͬƤһЩɢһɹģΣյϢ
ЩģΪƿս׵Щĳ󳤼ϸ˴ġ
ˣͬһʱ䣬ÿܳսʿְڳ棬ϵӿ복֮£ɲ֮䣬һҫ۵Ĺ⻪ɢ
ܳʱΣޱȣ
ڼҵսϣκսʿج¡ֵԽܼӵԽǿ
ϣ
ɽ𶥶˵ı仯˹оһǿҵΣвǺܿ죬ֻһϣԭγһ˹˲ɢ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮ˹ӺЩ˹ÿһеĳǹһʬ塣
ʮʬųһţǵʬϣϵһǽһ˹ϡ
ˣһĻɽ𶥶˵˲ɫ
޳ܣ
˭Ҳû뵽˹˾ȻֶΡ⼸սս˴ͬ飬˭Ҳû뵽˹˾ȻͬʬΪڻԸǡ
һԡѪսֵͬܣ˭Ҳµ֣
ɱ
һȺ˹˹Цʬ壬ӿȥЩʬ赲ϵս˵ĳѾǵвΪˡ
Ƽת£öԴƵＫΪ


492 սݿ࣡
ߣɽڣûգպΪЩսֵܱ𣡡
Ϊ׵ĴʲһҧȻڵ
¡¡
һ˵¡¡ضҡϡϣ󷽣һɹ˹صͻȻ֣ԭһٶ˹γ˺Χ֮ƣһӿ
ⷭͻɽ˲Ȼʧɫ֮Ը˹˶ţƾľһ·ʱܡ
Ǵ˭Ҳû뵽Щ˹˾Ȼǰǵע⣬ȻƵ󷽣γɺΧ֮ƣȫжǵĺ·
ɡ죬Ϊڻ𣿽죬ͳͳҪ
Һ󷽣گЦ
Щˣ
֮ǰٳٲ֣Դ⡣ôʱ䣬絽˹γ˺Χ֮ơ
գ
ս¡¡̳İٵ˹ţ䵶ܳɱ
ǵݶһսƱܹ
ˣ
һɲǣɽƱж¶ɫ
һ˵گѾӦˣοı
ֵǣսɣ
Ϊ׵ˢһγϵĳ߸߾˳ȻˣǾսɣ
˵ʱ죬˹ԽԽɽϵĴƲսʿ־ʱ򣬺¡¡ضҡͻȻһҵ촫˴ط·һľһҵĵ
ô£
ǵľ𣿡
ôôĶֻ𣿡

ͻȻıʾˣ˷һѾȥ˹ͻȻȻֹһܣɲ
ȻûǷӦ˵ǳʲô£ণһԽĳͻȻӳ֮д˵ĿУһֻ˶ľӥչ˫ͬһӱռɶ
û˻ζһϣһɫĸͻȻ־궥ˣͬˮһ㷭ɽѸ˵λö
ãƾ
󣬽󣡡
ˣ׼ӭУ

һҵ˹쳹ʣЩġࡱ˹صĶһƬҡ
϶ʮѾǴܣ½ɵԮҲǻܣ¤вı󽫸溲ıѾ󽫾Ϥŵ߹»ǣƣãѾޱõ״̬
˭ҲΪʲôͻȻһƾʵǰڵ׾˹ʽİףҲگĿס
˹Ҳӣ
׼
ݵĻ֮˹Ѹٵĵ⻷⻷𵴣սսУͷٴɱڣ׺Ķ׼Χƾ
׺ݡö˹˵ԡֻҪܹγɰϵŶӣһ˵˹˾͸ҶԿİˡ
İ˹˾͸ҶԿһǧ˵ľӣ
ϾôľӣҲ˶񱱶󽫸溲ıô
ɱ
ƵѾǻܣЩԤԲǵĶ֣
ɵǣ

һ˹ٴ˷γ䵶ȫɽ𶥶ʮܵƾŴһ˶Ĵȥ
˹˴ȴԽǿĵˣԽܼǵԡһΣҲһ
Ȼһ̣¡¡һڼ׵Ĵӿͬڵĸһ˲û˹
䣡
ʯ䣬ǹཻ뽣ཻһص಻ϵĴʯͷײһ
˹˵䵶ǹע͹⻷һţţնһڼ׵ĴסȻ޼᲻ݣԿʯ䵶һȴ·ײһ¼̵ͭǽϣ޴繦һȫ
ô£
ô

ʯ䣬˹סˣһƬҡ
˹ٶǲμϵսӵ㹻ľ顢ʵҲնɱٴƵ
ǾûκһƾЩһϵô̡ǵ䵶棬һ㰼۶ûУ˵ˡ
ɱ
ûȵ׹ô£ﬣӹգűлѪ
һ˹ﻹûӦ㱻˴ݿ࣬Σһ϶ס
ϰ硢ĳǰȻͬһ㡣
飡
ֻһ죬ոջҫ˹һԶûһϳصľ׮һ͵ڵϣһ
ֻһ棬ٶ˹ͬոһ㵹ڵϡ
ʲô
ʣµ˹һʧɫ׷תͷɢܡȻûӳڳ£Щ˹˱Ҳ׷ڣڴ⻬ͬһ㡣
ôûлڣ
һ࣬ͬһĺͣһ˹˵ʬǰͷʵ
ûˣ347˹ȫ
ԾסͷһصʬȻһеĳ
ҵѾǵһˣֹԺѵЩҸֵʱ˾Ѿй
ʰһ£ʬˣֹߣ
ҵ˵䣬ɨһغ˹˵ʬ壬дѣ
÷ĵ
ȸķģҲû뵽һǧװȸγɹģ֮Ȼô
˵˹£ԼһռҲҪ̵ʱܽ𣬶ԼһḶٵĴۡ
һǧȸֽЩ˹˾ȻƬ̶ֲסΡԼһһ˶ûС
սҵսϣֱǲġ
ʵսֺֹҵһˣЩƵ۶Ҵ侳˵ͬ𶯲ѡ
Ȼô
ýý
ǲ˼飬ȸֽ޼᲻ݣû뵽Ȼȴ˵еĻҪⳡİ׶п
ⳡսֱ̫ˣ

ҴеĸȻսɱ٣ǱϾûϹսһսĽĴǡ
ʱΨһģҲֻˡ
ϲɱ345˹
ϲɱ346˹
ϲɱ347˹

һܵԺг̶£󶨸347λáһ˷ӿ룬ڤڤٴ˲١
֮С⻷ٴһءֻһս൱嵱Χ˸߾ݿͺСջˡ
۾ڶӵĬƬ̣ܿ۾
Ȼ˰
ĿɨϺ˵˹ʬ壬Ժлһͷ
һֻһ˵Ĵʳľ˴װȸ󣬼ɨƾӣȸ޼᲻ݣȫǿвһ㡣
Ը˹ȻҲͬĽ
ʱȴȫ覹˼ЩⳡСģսиҪ顣
ݣ
һаڵԶɽԾ£սŶɽ𶥶ʮܵĴʿȥ


493 ϵĶ
û⣬ǰߵϢҪЩˡ
忴ŶЩƲѾһƬңԾ£ҹͣ⻹ĵһƵľӡ
ľӣ
岦ǰʵȻѯʣȴѾȫ϶ǵݡ
֪λ
ɽ𶥶ˣڲӭһɲ̫ˣûôĽ졣
ǶԷ¶Ϣ˵ĿǣͶ͸¶ϣԲͨݡ
ʼղף͢ôһĽңֻӵʽҲЩ֡
ھзôãҲûмֵĿףźƣȴֺܲһ
Įޱ飬ûж˵৵ĴһֱӳԼƣֱָǰ
ˣ
Žɫͼɽ˶һȻʶǳڳϵЩ̫˽⣬ǾǳҲ֪ģǸ󣬲ңǻң
һݣֲ㼶״ȺͽӴġ
μ£
¶һ˿ֵ̿ɫ׷׹ȥһʱֻǰĪ⣬η֮ġ
ɣ
˻֣ûоǵĴʱ򣬿ɲǫʱϾ䣬籩Ϯڴ֮УΨнĻݣȶġ
л¡
˷׷վ𣬵Ȼϻ̳Ͽ֣˾η
ǣǰߵʲô

ǰߣ
һã
Լ˵һǲĶ
˵ڵεôˡǴ֧Ԯ϶𣿵ô£ʲôڻж
廻һ˵
ϵģֻǰʽ֪ô֪֪ˣսǱĻҪء
ڻĵģж˻һսȻ岢ڳҲ֪Σƾڱϵĸ裬ٻжϳһʵ
ĵص㲢ڶƽԭĵطζ˹˾ܽȫߣԮҲϱϵʮƾһûʨӳǵıӻֱڶƽԭȫû
Ҳֻ֪ŵΡ
˲ҵԼ֪Ϣһһʮϸϸĵ˳
ԭ֮͢ǰʵ֪ĻҪ١ڰͥս
Գ͢۳һʽʱӭӵʵֻһӪȻ죬ʵֻһЩϱ
оٶʵȺ֪ܶĶҪĶࡣ
ȻҲ֪ǰߵ֮١ʱ򣬵õϢֻͨʮ϶ľСܣִϾڵʱͨѾǴˡ
ӭǵģҲǸ޷ʮگǴңԶ˹ظԭ£ɶǧＱо˹˹صĴ󽫻ء
˶ΪԼҪԿگˣԵʱɵԮһȺ˹ʱĻҿ֪
ȻǱƾΪܳһ䣬˹صĴ󽫻վǲһ
ⳡעⳡսĽ
ȻҲ͹սʵأҲػҲƾԼָܳ˹˸˴ۣ
һսձͻϮնף
ǾǻҲ޷ƿصĵط
۹ϵθӣȻԮסǣɢܵʱ򣬾ǻҲһΪ
ϵԮһܣ˹˵ǰôҲѲˡ˵һɢɣǾȫͬˡ
˹и޷ɵگ̽Ҳһã
ԣȻܣȻ൱ֵ˳
˹̫࣬ʵ̫ǿһǵɢܵġҵӳʱֻжֵһ˶ұ·ġȻ֪˵ǿԿ϶Χֵܡ
ڣ˹˵ľӴ󲿷ֶѾȥˣӦȥΧ˰϶ˡµĶΧǣӦòᳬǧˣܹɢֵټϴ˵ľӣδزܻǡ
ֻǿϧˣôᡭ

һȺ˵ͷὫ鶼ѣɽµипѡ
ϱս½֪Ҳֻ֪˳͢Уۺĵʧء
˵עֻϵʤܡ
Ҳǵһ֪лۡ
ȻսܣȻʧΪƵ֮еľϺΪ֮ݡֻǿϧ̫ͣ͹˻һӵ󽫡
ܹҴʱգϻأǽյ³
ֻϧ΢ᣬǹȥڣһ֮ǡκ˶ӡ
ˣ˵춼ξûб飬ڶϵλټӣġ˵Ѿټһǧˣڿ¾͸ˡңдء
ͻȻһ׳˶ĺ󺺵
춼ξʵǿҾܹͨõİһ绢пΪȳֵҲһ
һ侳Ĵʿ춼ξҲһΪ񣬾ͺᵽġ춼ξʲôܵĴһ
ԣԣԣ춼ξ

Ҳ׷׸ͣȫû˸ղŵǷϣƺ춼ξǳŷ
΢΢ü͸ɻɫ
ʮƾеġ춼ξһ֪ҲΪʲôǶôŷ
˲֪ھȻھȴǾϽ˶šս֮ǰֻ춼ξһ˴Χ˿켣ǰ˲ףһֻϧϾ̫ᡭ
˵һû˵ȥ
˵ͷ˼ÿ˶Լŵ㣬ҲԼȱ㡣һĽ٣һϸĽ
ӥһ£
عͷԶһ֡
Ѿӥųȥϵķ̽һ¡
ǣӡ
ӥһڣʶûʣѼϵľӥٴηŷɳȥӥٶȺܿ죬ĺɫֻڿһȣʱһ֮ȥ
սѾõԼҪϢʼ£ӡ
ҲôԼʵˣ
۾գһ£Զʹƣһ˿ĹâһɹѪĹâڻۣͬҽһڡС
һ;һһӡ£ͣʳڣҪֵĵزҲһһϦ¡
Ȼѣȴǲܡ
Сһ˿ԳȵġᡱⱲҪõСԭ
ֻϧһֱȴȱһǡս
ֻһӴսֻԴԴϵĶ֣пṩһʱͻͽﵽ߾Ļᡣ
ֻӵǿģ޿ƥеʵ뵽ⳡ޴˵ս֮С
Ѿˣ
ˣ
Ѫâһ·һѪɫСһ㣬Ȼһ˦֮϶ȥ
ﻹи˹ε


494 ֣ǧ˵о
¡¡ս¡¡£⻷𵴣һɫĹ⻷Уţһֱչ
һ⻷ļӳ£дٶȡ񶼴ӡ
ɱ
ɱ¾ͱŰ˻쳹ա飬缲磬ڰڱһ̤ͻȻԾ
һն
һĨ䵭ˮĹâӹգиУһһĺӰ͵ڵϡ
书Ȼ书Ǹˣӳǰȴǲͬն
һնǵսиնջѧ
ˣ
򣬵ȵҽŲ濪΢бһͷīĳƮٴֳѾڼʮɿ⡣
ս˻һһ˹صɢڴϣ岼Ӷͬľ׮㲻ͣ¡
ǻֿͷ­ɳֻһϸ緢˿ѪۣһѪ۳׵Ϩǵ֮
Ӱ
ߣ
ǸǵĶ֣
ǵģƾôôսʿ
챨󽫾

˹쳹գ˹˻мžһЩͼܣһֻͽ͵ġ
սûͣ¶ͣ£ɫĴͬˮӿأ֮һһ˹˵ڵϡ
һЩ˷ĺţͼͣסһֿǵȴǵģֻһ·ȸֽ
˹ΪĺذףЩĺ˵ǰֽһ
˹˲ǵӵģǿСǶֵĲ˼ҲͰˣ˹˾һս
Լеı˺Էڶֿһ˿۶ôʣµҲֻˡ
ֻǾӣҲѾӲˣ
˹˳صİ״ʱΪԭ򣬸οġ⻷ӳ֡
Ѿעûиȥ׷ɱЩ˹ˡ
ৣ
һɱ˹ڰγ۾һɹŨѪӰɫĳϴЩѪӿת
ʵѾﵽأʮ˵֧ٴˮǴߣسǵнףٵ߽ס
̶ʱڵĽѾȥµĿˡָĵҩûôЧ
ͻͽЧκιûеģȻǡСûȫġ컯Ҳʮ湦ˡ
žѧҲᱻΪа֮ˣ
һ㡣
еջ˳ӣͻȻһͲŵӶд
ৣͷҲأ৵ľһ˹ȥʬ壬һʬһʬѹţ˹
࣬˹Զûһ͵ˡͬһʱ䣬һɰѪ˳ųڡ
¡¡õѪİʵǣһͻƿ侳ͻƵ侳ء
̫ˣ
ͻƵ侳֮ȫʵǡڤڤعãȫĹܶȣ⡢ƤĤԶΪӣҲɸӴ
ڵҲзֻصơ
ȴûܻȥΪﵽ侳أ˵ͿԽһƻˡ
¡
˫һϣһɽѵĺХȻϷһ˺صϣ
Ϊģһ˷ըͻȻ춯ˣһҴĸȻסսԾĻعͷ
ֻУӰһƥëԣ˻ߵɫȻƶư磬ߺˡ
һ˫ǳޱȣ˺Զۡ
ӡ
ϵܽҵԾ䡢ӥתͷĵĿ塣ҵǼʶˣƥ˽⡣
ģҪƿˡ
ҵסҪȥԾ䣬Ȼϵ书˽⣬ǺʣӦͻƵ״
䣡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ûȵҵԾ䡢ӥ˳ȥͻȻһĵͻȻһɫͬ޵׵ĺڶһһӴ
ɫͻȻ˻̰ͬͬݣֻһգۣ¶Ϣһ·侳һ·أأأصһء
ף
ҵһЩȵĿ塣
ô£
书ôãǵһοôŹֵ¡һ˵ʵ󣬾粻ġûа취ȷʵˣˡ
Ҳ̫ˣ
ҵüͷֻܡôãǾкܶܡ

ȴûôã⻷ڶأȫһͷϸǺ罬ɫ˲١
⻷Ҫﵽ侳زſԽڶأĹ̻ǳľڸоķǳ
ӣû°ɣ
Ծһ
û£
ҡҡͷȡһĴָСԲγεİɫҩ븹ڡ
ܿ죬һɹɢ˵Ϣ˺ܶࡣ
ǹ͢ЩǿʦƵһҩʹ˶ֹ͢еĵرԴĲ
徭һε֮󣬾صشָһĵҩΪľӦ֡⻷֮
ʲô
һۺҵһƥ˵ߴս˹
ȣҵһӰǸһӴѹ

ͻȻһҴҸ߿ͻ˵ע⡣
ֻһĳһƥѸٵĴԶĸߵس
˽ֻһڵϣ
ˣǰִ˹Ӱһǧ
ˣ
仰һΧһ䣬ҵҲȥѯʲôΪʲôôŹˡ
ôܣôĵо
ҵʵ
˹Ϊ׷ɱɢܵĴһֱֵúɢʮʮʮٸҲİٶѣһɢƬ
һǧ˹˾ۼһ
˹˲ǧһǧγмġݹ⻷ķӡǾеĳ󣬶ܷ̫á
Ըֹģ˹ˣҪǧϵĹģи߼佫죬Ըߵȼս⻷ԸǣܶԸּġݹ⻷
ƣܹ׶Ըּıݹ⻷ģҲֻС󽫡溲ıˡ
ǸѶԸѿµӲͷ


495 Ѹ
ӥȥǰ̽һ¡
üͷһ£˼⼸죬ݿ࣬ɨûʲôĵֵ
һȻΪ˹ɢúܿû뵽Ԯһ棬ҲΪ˹ط滹ûв衣
˹˾ۼһʾȫͬˡ
ҡ
ЩܴԮĶлһ²⡣
ݣ
һŶӥһ̧һֻӥѸٴϷһ񣬷ƶѸٵʧ

ͬʱʮ⣬սܲһͷͷڸԭشۼһ𣬾޴ʱʱĴܡ
ǵıϣһ׺ݵ˹
ܼžһƷЩ̧ͷһۣĿʱʱĿ򱱷ǳĽ
һ˲ա
𣿡
һɳƵģҧڿ𵴣͸˹еǻ
֪ôͻȻһӴƵԮرڱ˻ȫɨɾˡ
һη
ܣ˹ֻҪۼɰ٣γɱݹ⻷ϵİף˭ܴơοǻд³𡭡
³ձɱˣ
ɳƵȻֹǳõģϢĳĬȻû뵽
ʲôʱ£
ڲǰ
³ղصΪ𡭡
ǵȷʵۿиķǳ޴Ĵ󺺣һն˴³գ
ȻڶԷη塣
³վ˹еһԱһͱԷնˣʵֱˡ
˹µһ֧˳Ƶġͬ޾Էֻͬ޾ҲͰˣЩ˷ֻ˶Ѱ
ѵˣʵ˻ôֲûж䡣
Ƕ֮ϣ˲һͿ
ͱͥĴͳͳǣסʲôʱ򣬴Ƶ½Ҳʼôˣ
ߣǰ̫ͣ˵־Լ˵ˣ
ͻȻɳƵĺһӽȥԿһȫװ˹ؽ죬͸Ÿԭžõ֤
˹˵ձǱԭ԰˵ȴȫͬ弫׳쳣ߴԭ˻Ҫ߳ͷ
Ƥ£һɹɵ·çһߣʮֺˡ
ΪģһԽɫȭͷĳأǿС
ҾͲţôҼټͬ飬ҪΧԲڣе˹ȫۼ
ǣˣ
ͷ췢ŭǰһӣϽͷ˹зǳɭϵĵȼϵģ˻ҪɭϵĶࡣ
ȻǸͷ죬Ըһͷ죬Ҳ׵
ɱһǧˣٶԸǸĴƶξҵţ϶ˣϻܹԿǵˣ
˵˹ͷ
˹˶Ǹ߹ģҲǿġ֮Ա˹˶ʧˣֻЩûĶֶѡ
ţϵؽ绹˵ֿ
ţҪЩƾһĸɸɾ
ǣˣ

أ
Ƭ֮һ˹Űɫľ޴Žվһһۻ룬ã·ţһ
ɫţĺŽǣ
˹˲ֻҪɫţ֪ټ
սǰ࣡

棡ǰ˹صĳ
һ׳˶ĴƵĳ΢ӣè첽ͻȻƼž
ߵϣϥӥҵһһңջң
΢漴۾
찡
е
˹ʵЩֵģȻﲻּ𣬵ܹôɳǣҵǣ˵εĶǸĽ졣
ڵʲô𣬾ͿԷķӦˡͬķӦζŶԷڲͬļ
ΪƵġʥԴӺܶϸ֦ĩжϳԷĲΡ
̽
˰ֵ
ǣˣ
׳˶ĳһ񣬵ӣɾ䣬ܿȥ
ֻҪһ·ȥ˽ԽԽ࣡
һϤӶߴӥոȥĿһ£ͻȻп
ܹôٵ鶯ָɾ䣬ȥ硣һ㣬ЩҴĸ־ġ
ӵ۶ĻЩӶ֣ɱݿҲ
ĳЩȫͬ
ḻԷͬʱעøֵΡһЩľӥֲˡ
ܶԸֻг
ܶԸḻģҲֻͬĶ֣
˾ҪϸӵҪϸִСֻرݶѡûʲô˵ġ
廹ûڣһұߴӥľ̾ҵΪȻ
Ǿģͥشţë飬ֶ֣Լǻ
ڱͥǱߣּĳ֪١
Ҫ֪ڴԭԼɲǼ׵顣ӥȻ̲ϾûϹս
ⷭпδԵЩС֡
˵ۣδʧЦ˸óָͬпʵ
һǿԿ϶ģ
ڿɹǴ沽ԽԽࡣ
ɨ˱Եش˹ɢ֮£ɢĴʿԽԽࡣڣ£ģԭµĲѾﵽ߰ˡ
ңԽԽࡣ
ڣ£ͳʮˣ
Щͳÿһֵܶǡ꣬ƾЩ͵ĳŷɥɨϵرеĵй¡
нյЩͳ󹦲û
վûִˣתܿȥ
ӣ
ҵӥɫһæȥ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥߵغ󣬾ɿĵطʱȴһƬȻļ
мһǧҴĸ֣һ·߰ܵĴƲһһѵ
Ҵеĸʵ㹻ģȱľǾ֮нֹЭͬսʡ
֮ǰѾⷽѵվǲġ
˿̣ЩʿġЧӦһǧװȸĴѸٵЭͬһ
ϣѸٵĲһֽӡ󣬶Ǽ򵥵ġһǧ֡ˡ
ǽȻͬġ
ЩľˣӵһֻģԼҪֻǧġ
ҵԾ֮ȥɡҪԾеڶѵ

ǣӣ
ҵͷһ񣬺ԥת̤ȥ
ҵոճֹɽϵĿһмֱ󡣺ʣѾɵء
Ծڱϵ츳ҵǿʵԼľʣøַʽֻӡ
µ·ϣֻԼԵʲôֻӵйӲʵʣĸıⳡϵĹ֮ս
ʱţһʱ֮󣬵廹ѵӵʱ򡪡
ǰ淢ֵо
оǲʮ
˹ˣȫٽӽУ

̶ʱڣ󣬴˳ȥڵϣ
ˣ
һصɨգɲǼ䣬ؼһƬžеȫ
һ˫˫Ŀ壬նȻ֮ýš
̫ˣ
ֻñĻҪö࣡


496 ϣ
Σˣ
ԭڵϣϢվüӹһĨĹâɵо֮ǰѾõ
ķΧǺܹġ
һϸľķΧоҪ￪⣬ԽԶԽá
ǾǾĶĿࡣ
ҿ϶ֻ˹ؾһʼ￪⣬Ƕ̶ʱڣһʱͻ벻ʮ
־Ͼһġ
ʣ˹ˣһֻȡԺ͹Եľӣ
汾ľǻǳ䲻⡣
ܷӳɫģͨĽ졣
ȥ
巭һƹ̳Ѹٵ˹ķȥ
ɽͶˣӥҵ˼Ŀһۿʮ￪⣬ѹѹһΡȻ˹ؾӡ
ֻ˹ؾͬһɫһӲϣبԶһǧ˵ľӾȻûһ˿춯
һĻӥҵƤֱ
ֻӾԲֹһǧˣ
ǧߣ֮ǰĳ˵ֻһǧ𣿡

ҵӥɫ̫áͱȲǿĶ࣬ǧ˵˹ѾӦıˡ
Ҳ˵ԷЩѾԶԸһ˵ıԼⷽ¼ûôࡣ
Ҫǣ˹Խ࣬Խ
һǧ˵˹Ѿγɸһмݹ⻷Ϊˡ
ǧ˵˹ˡ
ּġݹ⻷Ըһľɾ޴ѹûЧֶΣֻӾԿԸش
ӣ
ʱӥҵ塣ȻҲһ·飬жȫһ
𼱣ûô򵥣
嵭
ûԷͣûй𣿡
ֹȻˡ
ʮľ룬Զ棬ٶȷӵ¡ЧǱ˹ظԭϽƳƽԭǿͳˡ
ƽ
־磬Ѿʲôܹݵˡ
ʲô˼
ҵԴһԻ󡣳ٵ£ıԡļƷ飬ǲó
ǿǰǲ֣
һﾪˡ
ҵӥ˲׹Ȼ򡣵۹ȻƵͰ󲿷ֶشԶûôʡ
Ҳôƽ̹Ҫǣѵĵط˹֮ûһƬԭʼïʢ֡
Щľ÷ǳïܣȻĵطܵơܿǰڵĳïʢľǰữΪС
˹ͻȻͣûнԭ

忴ǰ֣ʱҲпѡ۹ϵθӣȻдľ񣬵Ҳ൱һֵԭʼش
۹½Ͼûô
оʱܿ˳ǳء䣬ȻߵǹٵȴԶ˳ǹ
һǱܿ񣬵һȴҲа˹˵ľӴ˰ոĵط̶ȵıܿ˶ͨյĲ
£˹˾ԲŹɱ¾ĻᡣǸ޷ɵЩگ̽ӣȴʹһгΪ˿ܡ
ʨӳǵĽҲʹðҴ
ɱУڻ֮󣬾ʹ󲿾ӷ˶ʹⳡսɵֻôС
Ҳ֪һֻʱġȵʨӳƣ˲İ϶û˺֮ǣϽͿ̿
ʱİݲԶİȫ
غ˹ҲֻʱջԼѡϿյĴĦ˹֮Ȼûгȥ
ټ׼
Ŀйâһֱۻ£ҵӥ׼ͻȻ
ˣ
ӣ
˴һڴеǰ־õϣ˭Ҳû뵽ȻҪĵ
ˣǾԲ˳˹˶ʵǿ߶ǺۡԵУԲǶ֡Ҫᣬ󲿷ֻڲ
ҵƵ
ڱ֪ͥȻǧĹӶ֣ҲսЩ˸㲻ֻǲ
սֻǵĴ߶ѡ
ʱƴյľսԣԳΪ˹
εսܹóսֵģҲֻĻģȫװһǧҴĸֶѣ
ҵ㻹𣿲һҪ࿹Ѿûѡ񡣡ϵİ϶ǧ˵˹˶޷սʤôζԸļʮ˹˺گ˵
һֿ͸һУһе
ӥҵ𣬿ǰҲ˵ˣܵԮģʨӳǵ϶
Եģگ˹ؼʮ
ЩǰǶֻǱˮн϶ѡ
һûǰǶߵˣȴδ
ˡ
ҵƺ¶ĳ־ġ


497 սٻ
¡¡
𶯣һȣһǧҴĸ֣߰ٵĴԼǧĸִʱԶһȺ˹˶ˡ
ô£˾Ȼ뿪
ԶǰͶˣֱԼ۾
˹ûвľʹۡԣ˹Ȼûдƶ࣬ȻΪĸ֮
ȺϵƱȻǧ˹صǷ
ǰͣûУ̫߹Щƾˣܽôͬ飬ȫҲ͵ͷˣ
ĸߴ󣬿׳˶˹ؽЦ
ٻЩСĽϾ֧ƾȷʵһƾ̫һ
ڿԼȫࡣ
ţ⻷ȫ棡Ҫֻƾѹ촷ۣйͷ֮ޣҲΪЩսĵ۹ʿ𣡡
˹ؽ͵һ߬ȭͷ˸Ĺâһַڵĸоڴоսٻ
Щһˣ
ϣս˻ĸߴ˹ؽһȣӶԾǧ˹ӿ
һݶӣݶӣݶӡʮݶͬһԶ˳ȥ
ͷģ·һֻεĴŤţܿ죬һ޴ģƶİɫαݣѸٵĳǧ˹˵Ͽա
ɫαһ֣˹˵Ϣóޱȡǵٶȡȴû˿Ľ͡
¡¡һȦһȦľ⻷Щ˹±ǧľ⻷һγһ⻷󣬴Щ˹Զȥ
¡һ˴籡˹˵ٶڶ̶ʱھʹﵽ˶壬ϳһ޴İˡ
ˣ
˹ңңĵطĿһźԶľ룬Ҳܸо˹˰İƣȴû˿Ĳ
ǧ˾Լһ˵Խʯ޷ԸǧˣǾ͸޷Ըϵگ˹ϵҲ޷һҪս֡
һ㶼޷ĻԼЩ˾ͺ޼ֵˡ
ڣҲõ⻷ʱˣ
а
⻷ȫвӵٶȺݣ⻷ˡ
ѵӪеĹ⻷ѧ֮Уһֱõľ⻷ֹΪҪǣһżǿĹѧ
ֻԽǿĹ⻷ԽҪȥ֧š
һصġ⻷绹̫ͣͨս⻷ķȸһЩȴҲޡ
⻷Ǽ򵥵ǷԾʽ
ֻ⻷һѣҪߴľһصġ⻷ʱֻҪ侳һأǵڶصʱҪˡ
ؾĲ𣬴ľֻϵ
¡
˺ɽ鱬ڳ𡣶ڣһȫµں°ڵڣӵڵ㣬ɢ
ﬣһһȦȫµľ⻷ͬˮйһ㣬ӰڵĽ±⻷Ӿӥҵɢڶ⣬γһ⻷סΧе
ֻһɲǣ˵ٶȡݶȾȫһлԶûнֹ
ϣ·һĳһͷԭӴ񿥣ֽǣ˻ߵͻȻ˻ų
ֻһգۣǧϢͬ쫷һƥڳÿһϢΪһƥΧĴڣǵĽתΪڶ⻷
ٶȺÿ죡
ͻȻúᣡ

˱棬ͻȻ֮оעһµָоͬնٰθΡ
ҵĽ
һΪԵ͵ҸͻȻԼеȸֽϲȸַâ¶ȴâڣһȫµˮһӽĩӣ쵽
侳صĸַӦܿ죬оеıͻȻ֮ᡢ졢˲٣øӵ֣Ҳӵӵľƻвԣ
һ̣Ĵǣ
ʸΣ棡
ıǵʱ侲˶𣬽˵˹
ǣˣ
һ̣غһǧֳСλȴһ壬ʹָֻһ£ͻȻ֮䱩ֻһɲǼ䣬˺֮ľ롣
̳գˤһǧҴĸȳ
ˣ
ӥһĻɫ΢䡣Ȼûм飬ҲӴٸ֡
ǰѽڣβˣǴɣ
ӥϡ֪Լʲô
ĻƳУ侲ǣ̩ɽȻһǿ
ǣӣ
ӥһҧϸ룬׷ȥ
ǰĿĶǰ˫ĿɭϣͷųҰްĹâһ̣гǧ˹
ǰѽڣǴɡĲӣǵսҲͨ沿ȫͬ
ǿԺͲϣҲȫɳ
ŵ㣬ǻκʱ򣬲϶ֻµѡ
ܸٻҲͺͲˡңлвͬ뷨
ڣ͵һϸµʱˣ
ϵͷбĿĹâܸоóϱѪҺʱս־Ѹѡ
ΪͳµıԪ˧Ѿ̫ʱ䣬ûиܵսٻˣ


498 
ϣ
·ܵ˵⣬ë˻ٶҲԽĿˡٵĽӽԽԽ죬ԽԽ졭
֨֨
ķ𣬶ĻɳҲԽԽԽԽߣɫĸһ޻أһ־ŶԷȥ
һǧˣһǧˣǾȻһǧ˺ǶԳ壡
ԶĿ˹ؽֱԼ۾ΪɳԷжˣһۿóġ
ԷȻô˺ǧ˵˹زӶԳ壬ֱѾ֪Ǹ˵ɼκã˵ԷɥĲѰ·ã
⵽ô£
ʱǰеҲҡˡһֱΪĵǸУ
ѵЩɨͬ顭ֻżȻ
ɱɱǸƬײ
׳˶˹ؽǧ˹شٶȱѾܿ죬һ̸˼㡣
໣
һ˹սʿɱ¾ݼ£䵶һ˷ܵĺѾܾûоǧϹģսˡ

ߣҿǧϵ˹˵жǿɣ
Ц
嵱Ȼо˶Ʊ仯ȴû˿η壬ԽĻеս⡣
˫ԼⳡսԴƹؼӰ죬ʱǸʱ
Լ磬ӵ̫̫ˡһ˹һ֪Ĵ󽫣ܹӵֹ˵ľǧͻ͡
ԼȻһ֦㣬µĹϣΪʥٽɣȺ䣬ָߴʤĸоδ̫
ҵĹ˥䣬Լϵ̫̫ˡ
ϱӣ͵ʱĳĬĬˣֻңʱײһ貵Ĺʡ
ΪһõʱҲһù޵ʱ
ȻľһΪڰʱ
ˣ
Ŀһĺӹ彫⻷ݵޣΪһֱǰȥ
Ⱥǧ˵˹ؾӾ·;ϵĵһԽʯ
ֻдǧ˹ؾӣܶԸϷãã纣˹˺گˡ
һأҪ
ݣ
ʮʮʮ
ֻǧϵĴȫݵʱʮľѾ㲻ʲôʱ
ɱŤ̳ϡ
ʮ
սٶȴﵽ۷壬쵽Ըӵʱٶġһң㲻ջء
ʱ򣬾˹˺嶼ͣˡ
ǰܺˣֹͣ
ףİףס
ѳʣԽԽûлͷʱ˭Ҳû·ˡ
ӣ
󷽣Ծ٣ɫˡ
İţʵã԰ں󷽣Щĸһ𡣺ȻľҲ֪
ǣ˵ʲôˡ
ףһס
ʱ룬ѾԷŤֱ͹ˣϵ׼Ƭ𵴣š
ʱ˿̣˫ٶȣһ׵ľҲһӵʱѡ
ʮףʮףʮס
޳ָ޽ɱ̳ÿ˶ԷصĴ䵶ǹзĲ
ÿ˵񾭶˼㡣
ʮףʮס
սܵѪɽĽգϣһƬۿ˫ײϣһɲǣֱһ٣֮ӹһĨĺ⣺
󣡡
쳹ء
ʱһɲ·˹𾪵ĿУһǧͻȻһΪһ˫ͷһѸƫԭĵ·
һǧ˵Ķ˲Ϣ֧֮˵Ķ飡
ôܣ
ͻȻıʰе˹˶ˣһЩͼӦ䣬ǣѾȫˡ
۷ĸ£ǿĹ޷ġ˹Ϊݺ£ͬ޷ڹԴﵽ۷״̬㡣
ôõ
Ŀ˹ؽ͵ĵɴ۾ҧгݣŵĿһĻ
ֱߣ۷ʱʱˡҪתǲǽϾǹۡ
ǿлʲô³
صĺֻûɱоѾ˰ˡ
ȺƾȻٶȴﵽΣ۷ʱ򣬻סĸı䷽򣬶һûܵκεĳ
ܣ
Ŀ˹ؽ߬ȭͷݶҪҧˡ
Աߵĵǰ͸һĳˮס
˹ظԭ£ҲüƾûĶ֡ЩڼƾκһƾȻͬ
⵽ʲôˣ
һɲǣǰƤֱһּ䲻ĸоӿ
¡
ʮ׵ľһζʯ䣬һǧƾǧ˹˵ͷӲ
һʯˮУ˻ûзӦʱһ̣ƾһһңͬ˫ͷһ㣬ݺݵ˹˵ݶӡ
ﬣ¡Уһ⻷Ƭһȸк˸һģ޵ĻߣȻݺݵײһεǽϡ
䣡
һܼ쳹أսټϳԼߵһûпЩ˹صͱһε
ԭ޵мαݡһͻȻΪʵʣγһ޴İɫ֣˹˾С
޼᲻ݵȸֽεı棬ȴǽʵޱȵ졣
һı
жǰ˵ĹȫһȸֽͺݽһʼģѸٵͣ
۸⣡
ӥһĻɫ䡣
ã
ͬʱɫѿĻҵһκ˹˽֣Ȼ˹˲طݹ⻷жš
ǾҵҲû뵽˹˵мݹ⻷Ȼǿǧ˵Ĺ⻷һ壬ÿһ˵ĵͺͬʱڶԿǧһ
޷ͻ򵥵һսұɡ
ʯ䣬ҵͻȻʧȥѪɫò԰ޱȡս֮ıϼɱϾǲһġ
Ҳ޷γǿġαݡȸֵķҲ޷ݣⳡս䶨ˡ
˲ϢսĽ¾ȫ
ûãǵĹͻƲǵķ
ζеĺ󷽣пһĻ˹ԭоýģһ̣Ȼ֮
ȻƲǵķôֵˡ
໣
˹еģȺ໽ͻȻ֮쳹սһ˫˫ԭϣʾԼѪ˷ܡ
ߣˣ
ǰУߴ˹ؽͻȻ¶пĹâȻ޷ͷ֪ɢȥˡ
ԭΪȺ˻жˣѾһӲս׼ǵȻͻƲ˹˵ġαݡ
Ǹ߹ˣ
Ժһͷ³γϵ䵶ͬһʱ䣬һ䵶αݵ֣ǰһ
˫ģƵԹ˹˵ʱҲζ˹ͬԹˡ


499 ˹أزط
ﬣ
˹䵶˸ĺâͬʱһ
У䣬˹˵ĹЩϵףȫ
⡭
һĻ˹˶סˡ˹ȻͻƲ˹صαݣ˹ص䵶ȻҲͬʱκβЩϵס
٣סǣɱǣ
ʯ䣬һ˹Ƴգһ˹ʱ˷ܵ໴С
ЩڼϿжһǧ޷ǧ˹
ʮݶӣһһһ˽һˣ಻ϣ˰ĳûκ˿סֳЩֵĴƺڼ
ߣΪжǰͣɱǣһܣ
Ŀ˹ؽЦ׵ķʼʱһ
ֻƾȫԳȣǲ࣬һǧ˵˹γмαݾͿԶԿǧƾοǧ˵ľ
ѾԿֻƾҷˡ
ɱֻƾͻʦ£ٽǸĴƶξϾûʲôԵֿǵˡΪֻƾжվ۵
һ˿ЦĿ˹ؽǣȻ˿΢Цûֶܹãɢˡ
Ҳ̫ˣ
ʯ䣬˭Ҳûע⵽иĹâ˹ΪǵȫֶľǴشˡ
ûбҪİգǾԲһǧðգǧ˹һϸµġ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬˹˵໽У׼һƾɲǣͻȻ֮һ̤£漴ͷųˡ֮С⻷
¡
ͬ쫷һεΪķȫʲôûпһɲǣÿ˶жһ춯صĺ·ضѿˡ
꣡
ʲôûзס˹شмαȴͻȻ֮ϸϸܵѺۣȻ˲Ϣ֮Ȼ
ã
ʯ䣬һĻ仯е˹ͷ춼ɫ䣬ɲΡ
ûκףǸоϵͻȻࡣαȻǸαݣǿȡɫȴɲֱӽһΣмαֱӵ˰˼ĳݡ
ѾϰҺһ˹˵ֱ仯ڰ˼ǿ
˹;֮Уӹŵԭǿ˵ûκһ˹ԹֹŹֵ
ô£ҵΪʲôô
αݣαݱ
ܵģԲܵġ
ΪʲôǵαݣⲻܵģҲţҾţ

һ˵ʵֻһɲǵʱ⣬һɲǶǧ˹ɵĳǻԵģȺһƬҡ
ûᣡ
һ࣬˸оһ˿仯ܣдϲҵӥ˵ϲ⡣
˹˲ˣҲû˹ôԶԸûαݵıӻһоȫͬˡ
αݹ⻷Ȼǿ󣬵ǶѾûʲôвˡ
˵һԳıݹ⻷ȸѾȫƿ㼶
ˣ
һ˵ʵֻһɲǵʱ䡣ų⻷֮й⻷ս⻷£һսʵѾȫı䡣
޵
˺ѵ쳹쵼֧˵ﲿҲ֮仯˵ʼľͺֻһ˫ͷߵĻôڣ˫ͷ߾ͷֻСߡ
ÿһС߾һ˵Ĳӡ
ֻаٷ򳤣ʲ鳤ȸСȫеĳԱʹָĲ˼顣
¡һ´ԭʷʸͻĶ飬˲ߵСߣ¡һ֮ٳ˹˲εγ֮С
͵һβͬһγʱֹֻɵľǰȫмαݵһΣûʲôܹסһǧ˵ȫˣ
αȻڣѾ޷γмʵʵıݣųˡ
ͣ
һһȸйգսļٳҸֱǿʵԼ˹ӭѾԽһ˺ɷˡ
飡
ĺڼסСߡ룬˹˿Ұ֮Уֻһ֣мһӰγɵβɱ飬һһ˹Զûһͬոĵݰ㣬˴նϣ
¡¡սֻһתۣٴγɱ˹֮Уȫٽȥȫٳڵ⽣Ӱк¡¡صĲʬ
һ˵Уȫװкİױɵס޵һֳԶ˷
ĶͣûɱԷԶȫٳȫٴɰǧɱûκһ˿Եֵ
ЩֻɵġСߡÿһԶĲ˼飬ȴͬʱϣһ塣
ǧ˵˹شԿֻ֮һĴӪģȴÿ˹˵İݶӶԿʮԼĴ񳱡
˹ضصģһֵУʱ򷴶ζζ֮ĳ϶˱õ㡣
¡¡
̳ҡսϵǴսĳ
һ֣֣֣֡
ͨ˵ֻǶ̶һɲʱ䣬Ƕ˹˵ȴģԳܵһɲ˻Ѫɽֻڶ̶ʱڣ˹˾˵
Щȫװ˺ذףȫװݣһСţ⻷ݹ⻷ļӳ֣ͳսϣ˵ĶٿԶԸԼĵˡ
һΣЩֻһ˲䣬ɻϺصģǧİͬһ㱻гһƬһƬϿڹ⻬ͬп֫һɢڵϣĿģ˵
һľżսȸӾʾľľģֻչ¶ЭͬһʹָĿͳһԡ
Ҫɱǣ
һŭӵ˹쳹أľӵδʱһΣյϢͻȻӺ󷽴
һݣæ֮ͷһֻһӰŻƽȭףͬ·㣬ԾڿС
ɲ޾ɱŭһɰģϢͬһϻۣʱܹͷų
ã
һϵϢڶ̶ʱڣͲ˼ıǵһ˵ĵزҲ·һȻӵɲ
ǵزط
һӹԺ˲˳˹ص书ȫѩɽʥأͬ˹һֱŵһĴС
صķš
زط֮һ
˹صľٲֵ佫ܹʩչطڼ̵ʱڣԼʵﵽһֲĵزһٻ֡
˵һֱ˲࣬ܶ˶һЦ
ȴ֪ʲô˵ʲôЦ
ԭܼ򵥣ۼʶ


500 նϵʸ⣡
Ϊˣĩ֮У̫ණҲ֪̫ˡֵزطʩչֻǰ˰ˡ
زطڶʱڣߵʵʹߵǿȶ
һ͸֧ǱڼսϣȴЧ
û˿ɱ¾ҵսʿۣҪ
˹ؽ쳤ɢɢϢֻ侳صľ磬ֻһɲǼ䣬ͼԽҵﵽ侳˾صľ硣
¡¡
Ťһɹ˫ۣ֮ûзӦԾе˹ؽѾһȭ£һ˲ɽĺͬ˰ϯ
ˡû£ֲֿѹɨں󱳣Ѿ絶һˡһƥƥѵصսܵĿֲ̲ס˻
ĶǸҵĸ֣ЩҲ侳صΪ޷ּʹ˵زطǿ߶Կ
ȻѾһǧװףǰڳ˼ԺԲƣһȭҪ´ĩβ̾Ҫʧء
ҵ
ʯ룬ԥɳҵ
ʱҲֻҵܹԸˡΪδͨ󽫣۹صľ뢣ҵԸʵ벻ʲôܹԸʵ˹ؽˡ
¡
ûжķϻҵַ죬һץס󱳵ľ޽¡һͬһƿն
һ
Į飬ͬһڳ𵴣ҵûڰУһȦӴĴ󾣼⻷ڷɨգѸٵĻΪһķ籩֮С
û˿ԥҵڳ𵴣Ǳ־Եģһ˶ߵȸ־޽Ѿһƿն̹ſһն˶˹ؽ졭
¡
أ
忴󷽵սȴһ춯صľͬͷʷǰľײһĿɳǵأȫ
ȴûȥҵʵоԵţδͨ󽫵ʵҲǼ򵥵ľֵġ
ôԸµ2500˹ؼġ
ʸΣ
־û˿ԥ´˵ڶԭɢԶĶͬһֻֻɢСߣͻȻ֮ٴλΪһֻ˾
ûʹá޵ʹͳΣʸ󡱣
¡սһǧһļ׶ֱ˹˵г˹ȥ
ƣϵıµıϣ¡һΣҪ׵߽֧˹ؾӵ־
¡
սսײ뽣ײҵĽսıһƬ
ɵǣ
һ˹Ѫ۾ȫһĻŭˡ֪˵ġʸ󡱺˹˵ġС¼֮һ
ǾĴҲҺ˹˽ͳĶԳ壬еսУ˹˵γоǿġ
˾Ч˹Ҳܴﵽֵز
¤ı󽫣ų˹ؿǵĸ溲Ҳûȥ˹˶Գ壬ǱĲãޱȵľ޶ֿ˹սĳ档
ñ󽫶ôЩƾʲôôսǣ
ɱǣ
˹еŭ˲ﵽ۷塣
֪ͬ˹˵սһ˶ߵľ޶Ըĳһʹƽ󼸰ˣû˱˹˸סʸΡ㡣
Ȼų䴩ִǿ󷨣ȱҲŵһԣ
ʸǿĵطĵطֻҪʸҲ׶⣬ôеĴң
ǿҲ
ûΪġʸ⡱ʸʧΪԼ㡣
䣡
ϣս˻Ƭض𶯡˹ƴȫŷʸεʸײȥ
ɱǡ
ɵǰˣ
һϣסǣΪֵǱ𣡡

˹ִּ٣쳹һƬȻһ̣ΪԽһǧ˵ľӳʱķʸȴǴݿ࣬˰˹Ӫһ䴩һͻ
˹˲ǣεĳײɱʸġʸ⡱ʼͬӲĽʯһ㡣
ֻǼӲô򵥣
ÿηʸʸⱻײʱ򣬷ʸʸͻԶڰݣͬʱµķʸ˲Σǰײܶٴγײķʸʸʼմڡ
ⲻܣ
˹˶һĻˡû˿Եס˹˵гҲû˵ķʸԾ˵ĳ
սǹҼңڼҵսϣʸʸⱻݻ֮󣬾л齨ǲεķʸʸʼնѸ齨ʼմڡ
˹˷ľٶǰȫͽ͵ģ


501 ۵زؽգ
Ķ


һɢɢȥЩȴǳ壬ǸԵˣʮСӡ
ʸ󡱵ʸûбݻ٣µʸѾ˲Щʸܵײٶײ˹˲䱻Χȥ
ɭĵӹգһݽȥ˹Զûһ㱻һȸֽնΡ
ٶĴԶڷʸڲٶȣԶĩβ
һж˲ϢԶɣ
һһ֣һһΣһǧɵķʸͬһԶתľһ־ǰ˹µУҲԵ۵Ϊ
¡¡
һ־ĲҽУе˹߷ݰ߸𣬷УķʸҲһٹᴩ˹˵С
һɲǣ˹һƬҰ
ڣɱ
һ䴩УĿоâһž˹˶ĩβһ8ֻʱɱأٴ˹еĩβ˹˲ҡ
̫ˣɹˣ
ǰ˹ҳһţȫǰӥݺݵ߬ȭͷпϲսȫָɵģȻһֱվߣ֪̾ô¡
ѵʱȫ̹ĦʸеĶ֪ġӥû뵽󷨵Ȼô
Ǽ򵥵䴩ɱô򵥣ǳ׵İ˹˵ս
ǿĵطܹͬһ壬ӳȺЧӦԽ࣬Խ󡣵˶Ϊսôƾͳ׵ɥʧˡ
ľ֣
ȻѾӥһжˣûһαȵǰݼҲûһαǰӥܵһֱ۵ĸܵϵֲܣܳµģȫȵָӲܡ
ӣ
ХȺе壬ӥвһ𾴡
壬ֻΪмڣûԭ򣬾뿪ҲǾԲ뿪ˡǱǱֻܾǿô򵥡
ӥָоδʮ꣬⣬۹һصģԺ͸溲졢֥ثּĵ۹ᲢۣӽܳĴڡ
УӥѾǰ忴һǿһԼ׷һӵ䣡
ȻһгӥԼ˭Ҳ֪
ϲɱ617˹
ϲɱ619˹
ϲɱ632˹

һеϢԺϯ£ʱȥ飬ȸֽһδεĻնȥÿһζһ˹׹ȥʵ½ѾѶԸһ˹һȫ⡣
߾ۼ˴ĸ֣ЩҵҪġǱǺľӢˣҵնɱͬʱշЩԭĺﾫ
ЩľʵҪԼÿһʱ򣬱ĸͬʱӽݻһһǣһһΡͨͨӰϵȥÿһ˹˵ȥضһɼǿľС͹ڡ
ϵϢѾ䵽侳һأڣЩ˹Ѫ£ٴα
¡
һڴֻһһϢͬɽ緢˲Ϣͻ侳صľ硣ԴԴϣֻϢ֮һٴͻƣﵽ侳صľ磬һ
̫ǿˣ
ܼսԴԴϵĵˣЩСɳӪָֻĿ˼ֱԡȫᵽЩаеĿС
ֿ˸޷ͣ˺ܶ˲ϧգΪԴԴϵĵõǿϧɱԽΪɱɱ
̫ǿ̫ǿˡ
һʵٴαǣͻƵ侳صľ磬ھԭصľֻһˡнһ˿ѪɫһֱŰϢзһǿҵĳ嶯֧壬ҪΧһжԼʳ
ڣѾֹǶ˹ˣߵԼˣ嶼һǿҵİν嶯
Ҳ֣
ڤڤһڶ
а֮ԱΪаΪɱΪɱֵҵɱ¾ⲢǼ򵥵Ĺԭ򣬶ڶʱǵĿУܹǿаҲ״ﵽֵزһҪסһвǿҵֵңߵҲҪ֣ǾСﵽ۷壬Ҫ߻ħʱ򣡡
ʦаԼ˵Ļ
а˶ǸǣҪ侲ֹͣչϢĸ£Ȼƾ־Լȥ˷ԼʦаȴԼһСš
䣡
һȸ衢ڵСѨһߣͻȻתֻһɲǣһˮͷ£Ժ࣬ǹɵҲֵɱҲ˲ࡣ
Сﵽ۷壬֡߻ħʱа˶һԲһַ֣µӵƷԼʦûв˽
ͣ
һӹգѪджһ̣ںȫȣƾŶԷڴ˲ͻ侳صľ硣ͨӰأصŷֶԷƺһ˹ذ˳ӡ
ûϸ쿴ͻȻ֮ضҡһӴϢ籩һϯսӴ紵ðҲ̲ס˻
ɱƽ
սǰɳһ˹ӻɳд˸û˵ʲôȴ˳
Ǹ˹˵Ľ죡
Ժһ⣬˲
ҲͬʱһɻصĿǰһݣ˫һȫ籡Ϊһ֣סԼͽµİڡ
壬侳еǿҲԱֶΡ
飡
忰ֻסԼһɿ͵ײս˻ؿѪڣ˴һú˿Ҳʱǰսɢڿǰ
ֻǰŵ˹Уҵ˫սأͬһ㴣Ķ棬˹˲ˣȡ֮ģһֱۣͭսףһɶߣһŭζ࣬ޱȵĵزؽա
ʲôˣ춼ø
Ǿ޴ĵزؽֱ趯ÿһֱ϶һͭ·һ쳹


502 նɱ
¡
Ƥڣһŭĵزؽգҽһ磬Ҳһ˹¡һ춯صľ죬ǵأɽأݺݵҵ˹ȥӴ¾һɽҲҪΪС
¡⾪һƣҵ붼û룬ȸִһ͵һؿͷݺݵȥ
һųҵĵŹ̳侳ǿҵײһ
⣡
䶨Զ˽ֵĽƤֱԼ۾
˹ѧȻ֪Ҳ࣬ɫķŭزؽպ֮һ循ȵĲҵ죬ĵȸ־޽ʱ˿̣ȻزؽһĽɫȭͽֵ
ô
гԾѡ
ȸն񣬴ëϷƥҵеҪһЩҵλδ۹󽫵зӳҵƾһһһ˰ǧƵĺ
ȸ֮һһǺʵģûʲôֵܹסҵȫһ
ԣûеסȭѿˣ
ʱԼһ΢Ĵ죬С͵΢ţȴĲ׽ˡȻ˫ȭ׵ʵػЩȸ֡

һ⻮ԺͻȻ֮׹
ܹסȸ֣ȴʵԲģֻˡ˹ظԭϸûʲôԺܶʯط˹ظԭȴһ
˹ظԭڵʱ伫ԶƬԭϣһЩ׹ϡ
˹ص۹ĸ߲ᾭɳȥЩȻɱװ¡ʼϲǣ˹ص۹Ľ첻ֹеزطϾȻɵı
¡¡
̳һɶߵ۵زؽջơǹȭ׵ַͬ˹ҵսһ𡣵زؽյʵѾѹҵټˣҵѸٵ˿ս֮С
ӥ˳ɢǣ
кһԥ
˹صĽʵ̫ǿչֳĿƻҵ赲ֻԼ̾Ҫ˲ء˵ʵǿһ̶ȵʱ򣬾սҲⲻˡֻһǧˣЩս֮ǰַʽ
ǣӣ
ӥӦһֽһ켸˳ɱȥ
ߣҪ𣿼ֱ
ŭزؽյͻȻ˶߻ص˻ûзӦͻȻ¡һһͭǹ㻮գֻһǹͽһҸ£ڵҳһ޴ĿӶ̳ǿݰݣѪˮѪۿǻˡ
Сģ
ӥʧɫæסս
Щ˶Ҵĸ֣ʵˣϻĿסֿ׵ķжǿӥۼʶġ˹صȫ棬ƴȫһֿһۣǸ˹ؽֻһǹһ׵Ҹ֣ʵֱˡ
ǲҪһԸˣ
Զҵǵ
ں棬ھУ֪˵жƾʵԣ˾Ѿﵽ侳ؾ磬˹شѩɽʥصزػѧҲô򵥡ҵǿҵĸо˹ؽʲôС䣬֮
ӥȥҵλȫΧ˹صʿ
ǹӣҵô죿
ӥûҵ赲˶Ϊ⣬ζԷ¾
ӥҵģ
ĿԶ˸â
ƣҵҵĹǽݣȻԷ󲿷˹йȥԸҵǾͱԼµ˹ˡһƴͽ˭ܹ֣ճ
ǣ
ӥһҧڿնȥ
ǰͣס
ͬʱһ쳹۷ŭزؽյ˹ؽͬ
ǣˣ
⻷𵴣ͬʱһ˹ؽͬӥһڿն𣬺ӥҵսһϣս˻һ࣬һǧѸʩչһִʷϴδֹ󷨡
λ
ϱӷսǸһѧܽľѧֻռϷ磬ո˵²ſʹãܹٵոˡ
ˣ
һѰȸֽббÿʮһ޴ĳ֣ȸֽЩֵľݡ䣬ʮʻת޴ĳ֡㿪ʼи

һһ˹ﵹ£תȸֽгһһ飬׷װܲݰ㵹¡ֻڶ̶ʱڣ˹һٴɥʧٵ˹һԾ˵ٶʧһĻԶĵǰͺ˹ؽ춼׷ױɫ
䣡
âһһͭǹ˲Ϣ㴩գǰ
Сģ
˴ʧɫһ̣̳һǹڵϣȴһԣˡһĻжסˡ
һ
زؽյ˹ͫ΢ͻȻһǿҵɱ⡣
˵ʼֻ֪ƾ˭ĻôѾȷɡȻţǺʣֻ䲢Լǰǿ˸֣Ǹ΢ˡ
ߣ
ֻЦվԭһΧǺڸ֡
˹ʵ̫ǿ˸ûа취ȥӥ¶ûʹõزطﵽҲδ̫͹ԼˡȻʵԶԶ磬Ͼʥ侳ĸ֣ʵԶǰ˹صĽ졣
Ȼһֻأǿڣ۽硢ʶȴǻڵġο廹ʶԷһǹɱ˵ֶΣôܲ
Сӣˣ
Զһǿҵɱ˲ңңס壬ȴ˿Ϊεսҵ˶֣˾͸ûа취
ҵ
ͻȻˣ
̫
Ѩ
ôһɲսͻȻһƬžû֪˵ʲôһ̣˵ĻҵͶˡ
ǧףʮʮɽӣ
ˣ
ͬʱҵͻȻ֣һɶߵĵزؽԼʱͻȻһǰޣ˫ؽһһǧףֻһס˵زؽյֱۣͭ¡ҽǰ磬ڵزؽշնԼѨʱҵͻȻ˵ڶУУֱʹ˴󿪴أΪ͵ġʮʮ
¡ҵײ£۵زؽͻȻֳһ˿϶ҵȸ־޽һ͸϶룬۵زؽյĴȡһб˵زؽյ˹ؽ죬ҵסˡǼˣķӦȴһ㶼
飡
۽ϥһ΢ʱҵһɽӣ޽ն۵һһ׸߸߷𣬾޴ĵزؽ˲⣬ֻһͷʬֱͦͦĵ£һ


503 ѩɽزᣡ
žޱȵļž
˷һײ԰ޱȣʧȥɫ˹˶һĻˡ
ˡ
ⲻܣ
ô᣿ܵģ

ǰһ̻ǿ߱ѹŴ򣬵һ죬ͱնͷ­ʬ͵ءǰľ޴עⳡսһƬ
ˣ
ЦһѸٵջĿ⡣
ӵʥ侳ʶ۹⣬ȱֻʵҵȴӵ㹻ʵ˫ϣɱһ˹佫ľֵ԰
δıʥͨ󽫶޷սʤˣ˾Կ԰ˡ
ϧҵûгɳĻҲòҳˡ
Ժתͷܿת˰֣
ӥ㣬֣
˹ص챻ɱµγбƣǧɱֻʣһǧˣԾҲ˹ʵǿ˹˻ʲô̵ϣ
ϲ˹³3㣬ȴ󷢷ţ
׼תȥʱһͻȻתС
ף
ͣ½£̲סһʵǳԤϡⲢؼģؼǣ֪
Ȼ
һ⡣
֪ĬĬ֮Ҳû뵽˾ȻԼĻҪͷ³ȻȲϻأޣ޷ȴ˹ص۹ϵϺŵ
֮սЩָ˹һ෢Ҫãҽ˻˻صΡû⣬һս֮ΪصİͶأΪ֪ȴһս֮
ƾս۵ðͷ³˹Ѹٵ𣬲ͳͶç֧һԭΪ֮Ҳû뵽һսԼҵȻǰɱˣ
¡¡
սգԾ˺ܿɱ˽ûٶȵƣȺףȴЩ˹˵˿֪
һӺսز֫ʬȥѾһ˹ˡ
һǧ˹˶Կǧȫװٶ쭵޵˹ˣȴǴʤˡһһߵģ׵ʤ֮ǰ˭Ҳϲġ

ôģ
ս˿ʼսʱһͻȻӺ洫תҵǰѴ󽣲Լ˹
ΪԲܿó侳ߵ㵽ôģ
ҵϣǰδеءʲôȫͬȻ侳ǿߣһսԼ֪ôɱֵġҲ侳ǿҲͰˡ
Ǹǣ
ʵһĳߣȴָ侳ĸɱ˸Ķ֣СָָɳϽɱһϽһʵ̫˼ˡ
ҵԽܡ
Ǻǣ˵ʲô˲ɱôң
ЦЦװͿ
ҵֻǿ壬û˵Ѿ̬ȱ¶š
ڿЦ˵ǰŪȥ
һҪ֪ôģ
ʵҲûʲôزؽȻۣΪھ޴ҲһЩ˲ĵطǰʦ̸ѧ֪һҲֻ˳ָѡ
˸ЦЦ
ʦ
ҵü漴Ӧû⣬ʦ¾ɽλصĺ˰ɡϹɽɽΨһɲģǸаˡ
˲һҵǾˣԴûʲôа֮֡
˵ôһеǿԽˡ
ֻҵǾЩףһʱ֮ȴ˵
ǺǣˣҲսڼ㻹Ǻú׼һ°ɡ
ҵļ򣬺ܿתԶնɱ˹³˹ȥ
ȻսѾЩջҲʰһ¡һָоλ˹ϣԼӦûЩջŶԡ
ϣҲµû
аԽݵλ֣Խ׵õһЩĶĲ˵ǰ³ϵǶԽɫȭ׾һı

Ѫӣ³ͷʬֱͦͦĵڵϣΧ˹صʬʬһ߾߶ѵɽȻͷ­նǰ³ȥȻһֺӴơ
ڰ³ʬԱߣͣ
˹˺˲һǵļҲ٣ΪԶûô˹һϰߣϰֵ߰ǮļҵЯǾ޶ߵ
Ű³ѪȾ͸ʬ壬ԥƬ̣ȡ˰³ϵһԻƽȭͷ
ó
˵࣬һԻƽȭ׿Ų󣬵ֻʮءжûȭ׵Ĳȷʵûҵȸ־޽ɫȭѾΪǿײϸСѺۡ
ӣֱֵܹҵȸֽȫһԻƽȭ׵Ҳ֪ңԼ˭ôȸ
ַ˷һȭ׵ĩ˷һЩϸСӡǣһİɫɽӡǡ
ȻǴѩɽʥصƷ
˵ͷ
˹ص۹ֻһѩɽʥأˣȴоԶ˹ص۹жǳңͺܶĲͬѩɽʥصĳĶʵ١κһǾƷ
ֻƾȭϵѩɽӡǣͿԿ϶ȭ׾ԲֹǼô򵥡
ȭ׿Ըӥ
а
ȭû׼Լãķֳಲ֡ҵȭףӥõϡңӥѾﵽصľ磬侳ֻһţһȭףԼжҲкܴİ
ԻƽȭƬ̣ܿ콫̽³ĻС
ɲŰ³˹ֻһ԰ȭͷ
ţ
Ƭ֮üͷ
֣ѵûУ
³ĶһݼǱܣʵڶ̶ʱѹסҵġزطַȻһɣĳЩʱ֮ضĿģ˹ص۹ġ
һǰ³ʹ۵زؽˡ
žѧʹȫղǣҵֳֵԼΪƵȸ־޽նëϷӳ˴ССĸģˣ±˵նɱܱסԼɱ㲻ˡ
ڰ³һûҵ
ܵģ˹ûпڶഫһ˵еѧزᴫС³ѧžѧûеʲôûеġ
а
˹˺ѧȫͬеѧһ־ģģϽۣкŨҷɫĲϣ˹أִоԶĶΪеѧȫڡ档
԰³ֽļѧϰʲô书ϱضСֶ٣Ӵġ


504 棡ĨɱΣգ
ڰ³һ飬Ŀһתܿ˰³ʱƥʬ
³Ķûвϣôֻпܲʬˡ
Ƭ̺ٴʧ
ܣˡѵ³ʵûʲô书ز᣿
°ͣ¶ɻɫ
Ϊ³ѶҲûУһûС³ϵĵزط۵زؽԼͳͳòˡ
Ŀɨ³ѥӣһȻԺȻ֮ʲô
³ѥӿͨ˵Ĳ̫һԼϾʹһ˫֪սѥĺǶ١³ѥͿԸһЩѵ
뵽һͻȻȡϵȸֽѥӵΧһȦСп
žգ
ѥпɲǣʲô˳ڵϡһɫʰ쵣ϸϸƲǲƲǲĽɫͼ
Ȼ
۾һдϲʰϵĽɫͼչһɫ۵زؽ̤ݹǡƣڣŭԾȻϣƺҪɱһ㡣
ǵزؽգȻصôأ
Ц³ϹȻЩֵĶֻǣҲص̫˰ɡԼϸѥӺе㲻ԣ¸벻Ѷصôء
ˣһֻѥӣ
һȸֽԽ³һֻϵѥһпһ³ݼǱܵĵزطȻͲѥ׼в֮С۵زؽղͬ³ĵزطֻбһŷֽ飬ŤŤд˹ص֡
ϱѧ˹ص֣ҪȻõŹҲôˡ
ƳһۣҲҲѡ
Źȫ˹صдֺͣԭȻͬʶ˹֣ȻõزҲӢ֮ء
ӥ
زվոսһӥͻȻ֮һԺд
棬ش¼϶ʧӣʨӳǼƣʱ졣֮ûдﵽʨӳΧڣΪʧܣĨɱ
֮ʯ䣬е˿ĸ顣
һѪɫȥһױɷޱȡ
ôܣ
һʧɫ⻹һ֮ʯ־ƽʱ֣ˣǾζһشı仯
ʨӳ֮ͭǽڣаôܻᱻƣ
ֱԼĶ䡣
ǳػ̫Ļƽ𣬳ǽΧǾ죬Ҹ˴ļġǽ⻬ͣͲ彨֮ǳսΪ˸϶ṩһȥġ
ʵϣǳҲЧ
һʱ䣬ܹ֮ݲȵĻѴʱʵսѵӣΪʨӳǾڶʱڳơ£һжˡ
ϱߵ׷ʲô
ʧɫ
ոսʤ³Լǧ˹شϲѾȻ޴棬һ̣һ־޴Σдεס塣忴ԶȻʲôҲȴܸоһŨصϱϯ
ս۷չԶԼļҵĶࡣ
ͨսˣѾǲʵܶⳡսԺĵ۹Լжı֮ڸϵƽԭôȻԼˡ
ϷһʲôԼ֪鷢ˣֻôҲ벻׷ʲôʲôʨӳʧô
ӣôˣ
һĵԱߴӥӺ˹Щġ
Ӹղžע壬Ӹոտʼɫ԰ףվһ־״̬ô˵Ĳѡ
ûʲô
彫еһ԰³Ļƽȭӥ
ȭͷ㣡
˵մǰȥһڣԾ͵ľֱۣ
ȫеһУȫǰ
¡
һƬ㵡Щʬ廹ûΪʲôͻȻжɻ˻о
ʲôˣ
ҵʵͬоЩԾ
ǰ£жӥǸ춼ξ𣿡
ʵ
š
ӥ˵ͷ


ɽͦΣܲ
ХĿУһ룬Ŵƶξʽ׵ıδ󺺴ɽͶˡϵشرߵɽʵ٣һ飬ɽߵһվΧĶһࡣ
ҲѡӪԭ
֣
վɽһ˫۾ԶԻ
𣿡
ˣ壬³ȷʵˣҲ֪ô£
ûм׷ȥ𣿡
⡭ҲթԲû׷ԶֻǰΧϸϸһ飬ȷûȷʵû⣬Żġ
ӳӣһ£
֪ˣ°ɣ
üֳܿӳ
³Ҫˣ֪ΪȴͻȻʧ٣һԵùӰأĵġĿɨΧ飬䱸ɭϵĴֵһ˿ǡ
Щ˶ʱĴټģܼѾﵽǧ֮ӣûָе˿İԽãͲ
Ѿˣ
۹貵Ǿôµ·;֮УԼ֮ǰѾѹȻı䲻δͱ˹شݻٵĽΣϡ
ھдӾʮ꣬μӹССָսָΣգȻ˵ǰ־޴Σգ
ʮگͶʮ˹ص۹ϵʮ϶սܶƽԭϣڵ۹ʷ϶ǴδйΣ֣ϵŻѾ򿪣ǧ¶֮¡
̫ƽĴƵ۹ӭĵһش
Ĵսʿ˵ǰ·һǰȴǵʮگ˹صǧ˵ľӴȥҲֻ۵ȡ
󣬡ɽǱȥԮ϶ģûɣĿصûеˣ˵в֪˹ڵǡ
е飡
ͻȻڰɽϵĸڴһ
˳˼е֣ͬһʱ䣬ɽϣǧʿণѸжĻڶеĳǹȫ׼ɽ⣬һӽ
գ
ԷıеĻ죬ԶԶȥؾͷ̳һೣƼ产ˡ
ˣ˹Ѿˣô죿
ԶһȺ·׷תͷɽ֡Է֮ǰսˣαضбֻ׶༪١


505 棡춼ξ
ˣɣԸӣ
ԮеĸξУξ
֮ǰµĲԣֻһֻӣƴɱֹ˹˵ĹơΨһĴᣬΪнӵ˱ض׶༪٣ȥ޻أһǺʵġ
ڣ˶ӡ
һȣ
Ŀ⿴ԶûֵͬܣԸɳȥ
ˣ䣬찡
һȺξУξǵ
ԶȻû˵
ϲϣҡֵǣϣ
һȺξУξһţٵȴֵ齨һֻӣ˹˷ʱ򣬳Էо
һȣ
ˣȻ㲻Ը⣬Ǿɣ
һȣĲ˹˵ģǵˣ
ͻȻ
һ䣬һƬžţһȺ˿֣˶סˡ
ǵˣ
ʱﻹǵˣԷ̳ڣȻ٣ﻹԮ
ܿ죬˾ͷԼжʧˡ
쿴ǵ죡ǵˣ
ͻȻ֪˭еѭǵȥֻ̳֮ϣһɫĴս˳ӭƮ
ǵˣǵˣ
ԽԽ̳һӻԭŵնʱȻ޴档

ս¡¡ǰҵӥңһȺԶӪĵط۶ȥ
ɽϴ䱸ɭϵӣ̲סһΪʲôⲨԮ춼ξŷҲΪʲô³ǣͷȶԸԼˡ
ֹɽ࣬ɽǧˣӦΪλ춼ξűʵ˹Ŀ࿴ӡ̡ƾɽϵĲ󣬾ʵޱȣˮ©ǰ³Ҳûжٿɳ֮
ôأǹеһһɽĻǺӣҪǻңҲҪ˼У
忴Զипѡ
ֳصģɱ޴ĳһ·Ҳ˼߶ѡɽϣһشغ˸׼Լһ˵ķϸȥֹʮϰپߣеصĻԶκش
ȻҲͰˣɽ͵ĵ£廹һɿ죬ľ޴󺾹
ѣΧɽ͡
˹˼һɫЩɱ޴ĳҲˡڳĺҲһԾ˵λûܿЩ飬ǹ⡣
սԾУ֪
Ǹ춼ξ֣ڿλ춼ξֻǱԼĻҪĶࡣ
ȷʵϽ֮磡
忴ɽ붼ξԺһͷ
֮Ͻǻ书ǿʤھḻȴ򣬴Ӳһֶѡʣ춼ξǾеصϽڲȱǱʵĸ֣ȱģսʵޱȣܹԼľϽ
һɲҲԽȷԼľǶԵˡ
µţ
ԶһӾź¡¡죬һɲţ¡¡ͨ˺ˡûԥһ棬մԽоֱɽۡ
ɽϣڼλ춼ξ
ܸߴĸӣĻҪĶ࣬һƣǷ˪ĺۼӡ̵ĻվͦεӣƺһһɺصֱͦϣɽͰأ˿·ֻҪվô۶ķ˪ı궼һҧȥ
ʲôˣ
ͬڴ塣ԷڵӣֱΪӵôҲһе޽Ͻֻǵȵֲŷ֣ǼѪ߰ߵ棬Ȼһųϵӡ
ֻǲᣬڶԷϣȴһָ㣬ͣ򶨣ݣ;еĴ֮硣ӣܻ˲ԾĺԵᣬаѶԷɱԼ곤Ĵڡ
Ӹ£ϣû˵ֻǴȡһɫƣ߸ߵľٹͷ
ǡ£
۾ϵçɫһ䣬
֪µˣʧԶӭ빫ˡ
빫ˡ
ΧڲҲɫһ׷
ھһϵرĸϵ¶ӵоصĵλܾ˵ءڳ֮УһֱǼ֧־ġһ㣬ƵλУûһ˿ֵز
οѪᣬλҲڳ˿Աġ
ǾŹϺˣ壬ϴνڶʹ¼Ӧö֪
ͻȻӥǰ˵
ˣ
һ˲䣬˿ĿʱȻͬˣҲ̲סϸۣһľȡ
ԭӣʧˣ
һ͸ѵ𾴡
֮ǰ֮ͬǰȫǳݣ˶Ҳȫǳġһȴȫͬڶʹ¼ֵ÷зҰ⣬֮£Լ֮мû˲֪
һΣԼж֤ԼҲӮ˵ء
Ȼ֪ǰλ壬һоͽȻͬˡ٣ִǾûġ
ӣʧˡ
ΧҲ׷Ҳ𾴣պ֮ǰȻͬ
ӥһ԰˵ͷ
廹̫ˣҪ飬ĳ̶ֳϻΪϰƣ˿ҲǿڷĲҲݵԭ
֪ӲԶǧصصʲô£
Щɻ
춼ξҲˡصӹ֧ӡڿʼһҪҵ
尲ϣеƣһɫ
ˣ
һ䣬Χһסˡ
ӣˡҶԣҪ쵼ңƾӵȻû⡣ֻˡðһ䣬Щˣ͢ﻹԮ𣿡
һУξһɽµǧСĿ֮͸һ˿ϣ
ͬϣҲ˵СǡǡҲĵġ
۹ѾһͿֻɳµԮпܸı״̾һֱϣ
ûУֻЩˣ
ҡͷƽ
µҲûʲôġЩ˵ܹȥܶ鷳ȻҲ˵ԮʵǣЩˣ͢ڸɲ٣ںܳһʱɲʲôˡ
µĴ˼棬пܸıǰĴ

һ䣬˷׷ʧһз׷¶ʧɫƽҲʧ֮⡣
ڣƣӾʦԶ˱Ϊ͢ɳ˴Ǿͷӡ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ˵ֻЩˡ
ϣжʧͻж


506 ϾƣǿУ
ɽͶ˭Ҳû˵ͻȻһƬԵš
ǹӣûг͢ԮƾôˣϵľƸǱˮнԶԶ
һУξ˵ʧ֮Ա
ӣҲ㡣˹ڣƾЩˣǧ֣ػǿԣһΪĻ»ԶԶ㡣Ĳ˵棬һȺǧ˵˹ͲǶԸ˵ġȺսǿ뿪ûе˹ֻҪȺ˾ͻ˲Ϣ˲ءҲٶԶѷʱҪܣҲܲˣ
ƽҲ쳤̾һһε
ֺγԸֺγҪΪƱǿһðȻʱ˵ﲻϵĶߵȺֵܶҪ֮ءΪͳ˧òΪȺŷԼֵܸ

ƽ˵գ˵һȺ˹صǧӥҵиһɽһȺ׷׹ЦҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
춼ξ˵𣿡
ӥҲϣЦһ񣬽һ׼õ˹ȥӴ򿪣һԲͷ˳ϣ˼һ
ˣ
һֻδ֣ס˵ĲӣɽͻȻ֮䰲һȺ˿ŵǸѪģ棬ȴԴŸԭͷ­һĿɿڴ˵
мվýʿ̲ס˵˼
⣬ǡ
³ⲻǸ˹ص𣿡
ô᣿
Ȼˣôܣ
ôˣôɱ˰³

һȺ𾪵Ŀŵϵͷ­ôҲû뵽Ϊĸ󻼣һֱΧεвǣȴڲ֮ǰسˣ֪ٵȺ˹Ȼɱˡ
һǱǰȺˣƵɱˣ
Ⱥأ
һУξ̧ͷȻ֪Ⱥºܿ׶༪٣̲סҪȷһ¡
ȻˣͷԴɱǣһ𣿡
һԵҵЩͷ
Ǿ͵Ĺֱ佫ûô໨ӣҲûôġ
û˺ҵִƽһȺϲ˵
ʵʼϲ̫˵ˡ
Ϊ˶ԸȺ˹ˣٴУټ˴սʿ˴Ĺ£׼˺ܳĹڲ֮ǰǻҪһ֧ӣΪһ
˭Ҳû뵽ǣеĴȴѾ˸ɵˡ
Ҹɵǵľǰ꣬ߵһȺ£
˵ƽлķڡ
ಫʵսǽ֮ңҲվǸӰɣôģ
ƽͻȻ֣Լһ㶼˽ǰꡣ
ӣܶһ䣬ܸôǵ𣿡
ƽ
˹˲ǧǧɵС仰ǸڿഫĻȻЩţҲ˵˹˵׺ݡöͷǷս
ǧ˵˹սѾԶԿ߰ǧʿ
ⲻ壬ֻǣҲ̫ˣ
΢΢ЦЦҲ֡˹γζУһٶ쭵۷壬ͺԵֿڹļ¼Уûܹ˹˵ġ溲Ҳ˾˵ܡ
Ⱥ˾ԽܣҲ
ӥ
΢΢˼䣬Աߵӥɫ
߻⣬սľϸ˵˳о֮Ȼһûдڣͷǲģʵʾһʵܹõˮ齻ڡ⼴ΪãҲΪȺʿá
Ȼȸ֣
ƽеȸֽ壬عͷһȺþ˵
ȸֽͷȻҲ˵ֻû뵽γɼȺôһǧ˶ǧˣһͻʤˣ鼴ӥĿ˵Ҳ˾ľǡ
ӳţƣһȺȻû⡣ԺȻΨӵհ
ƽһȺϽ׷׵ͷΪ֮ۡ
ܹսˣԳȡСҲӵԶԶԽڳ˵츳ָӲܡ˹ӹľȨƽҲ޻˵
Ϊ֮Ҳû˿ԳԽˡû뵽֮оȻӵܡҲֲĽԼƽµĽʿ˵õѡ񣡡
ƽа
һΣӮǵκ𾴣ֻݺƷУľ²ŻҪġ
尲Թɫ֪ԼշȺ¶һ˿Цݡ
̫١
ǧļƻɹʾʹ˶ࡣ

ĸı࣬ԶеĽչöࡣ
ƽϽڣʲôֻҪһоɡһ㣬ӥҵԾ䶼ͳͳϲϡԾͰԾ䰲ŵƽߡ
ƽȻ书ǿʤھḻһҲǡǡԾȱġ
Ծ䰲ƽߣҲ֮⡣
ƽУҲ֪˺ܶϵ״
ӣǿ֮·Զеѣ
Ƭ֮󣬸ıϣɽͶˣ壬ս㣬ҵӥƽԼеĲȫۼһǵǰһž޴ɳ̡ƽһָָɳϵļط
ֹǰ³˹µĵ·ϻ˴˹˵ĴЩÿһٶǧϣͽƣ³ҪǿࡣǰصλãҪǹذҪ½֧Ԯ϶ͱ뾭ƾЩȫá
ƽеĵǡ˵ѣɱ˰³ϵľȻû˿İ
ȻѾ£ȴ㹻Щ˲ɱǰ۶ĳ͢˹ذϵĴڴιѧҴ˲ٵıսԣһ־͸˻ءص书Σͨ㣬Ѿʲô书ǿôˡ
ʱҲĬ
˹˺¶ݣȴҲɢڷս״̬»ϸֻһ㣬صֵ˼ɵ
Ǹа
忴һɳ̣а
ذŵЩطѹȫǱؾֻ֮Ҫϣǳ͢ҪɳµԮҪȥ֧Ԯ϶ͳͳƲЩˡֻСɲӣЩȫ֡
Ǵľӣκεķ紵ݶ޷ͻﶼܹѸٵõϢǰ׼ˡ


507 廢˳ǣ
⼸طͳͳɽͦΣ˹صȻפɽۣһվø߿ԶܹǰֵˡҲܹ档ɽ۳£˹ʣ̶ʱڣܹﵽ۷壬ȷʵԹ򣡶ɽŵһ˵ܲٶȶͬǣȷʵԶԸ
д˷üͷҲ΢΢
֪µˣ˭Ϊ𣿡
ͻȻ
˳ǣ
һԵĺξһֱ֪
ǻٹµ廢֮һʵ±İ³Ҫܶ࣡ңͰ³ͬǿͻҲıأҴʣµĴ̵ĽΧˮйͨǱ˳Ǵǿͻо˽󣡡
֮ƾ󷨣ڰͱͥԿ˴֡û뵽ȴµ;У˹ƣ
һУξҲ
˵ս˶˸вѡ
Ҳ΢΢ݣĽҲš˵Դǿ֥֮Ⱥ˴ҲΪ֮̾ѡܵЩ۹󽫵Ϳ֪
ʳ˺ͻ˶Ʋ˵Ľȴһ˹ƣ˳ǵʵ֪
˽ӦرǿһȫĽս⻷
а
ȻѾʧܣиվ־ʱȻָʲôӲ˶
˼ô˼Цˡ
Ƭ֮ƽڽƽڵ
˿ˣֻ𾴡
˰֣ƽ
ƽ˵ͷ
ˣز˳ǸǴС£Ĳ֮١µ˼֮Ĳӣȴ͢ԮȻٿ¡ȻԮʧأȻвֵܻһˣʵǵˡǣҲһԱ֮
ƽһɳϽ˸Σ˼ط
ܹϵЩôǻܹӽ2ˣڹӵļƻҲܹ
ʶעɳ̲ϵ⼸طģüͷ
ƽָ⼸طȫ˹иұ˴ԶԶĵط¶ﵽһǧҪټЩˣֻºճ־áңյʱ䣬ʨӳǾͻƣ뾡֮ǰϵ
ˣĥ󿳲񹦡򲻴µʶǲϼ죬˴ʱϡ
ƽ̽ŵ
У
ûƽ˵꣬üͷԥķƽļƻ
֮Уһ̶ܵ飬뼴ִУ
ⷭ˵նɡ
һ䣬ƽԼڽסˡ˵ӡһֱֺ˵ˣ˭Ҳû뵽һ㶼
һȻӴ˵˼
ƽܿͷ
֮ңּ֮ϻ˱Ϊеİ³Ѿ֤ҲԼʵοлƣߵͳ˧ƽȻʱԿ
˹غگ֮ڻûдٱϣΪʨӳǵǣơǲ취ĽЩ·ƽԭȵʨӳƣȴǵľͲֻҪϵЩ˹ˡڣҪҪðյ⣬ûѡͻȻҪ
Ŀڣԥ
ǣ˳ô죿ʵǿҾڱйذƾˣĶ֡
һξ
ߣҰɣ
ЦһΪ⡣
˳ȷʵǸĽɫ˵ڱߣʱûǰƾϣ˵ˡȻ³һѾ֤һǧͻƵô͸֤Լʱˣ
սɲֹóʹѡ
׼˶ɢȥɣ
˻ֵ

¡¡
ս¡¡ս˻ŽĲ쳹ɽ֮ۡ
ڸʵɽͶˣԣһȫף϶ףֻһ˫۾¶佫ɽۣĿ⸩ӣؼѲǧɽž佫Ľ£һȦ󾣼⻷ҫ佫ӳĵͬһ㡣
Χ׺˹Ҳɿ⣬΢ͷɫηӣ׿
ʲô𣿡
˳פвκεĸо
ڣһ˷ͬư㡣
ˣʱûʲô֡ƾѾǻ¤ĸ溲Ҳ󽫾ǣƣڴѾûп֮ˡֻڴͽǽʨӳǣϾȫ˹صˡ
һ˹ؽվں棬˺ܳһξ룬
˳Ƣըͻ巣¡Ļϵðɣͨ˸׶ŭȻҲǾн죬ȴҲҺ͡廢࿹⡣
ণ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ঴һֻɫĺţͻȻƶ˷

ֻ࣬ɽɫһ䣬˳üͷһĿ⡣
սηģǡǡ෴Ҫġ
ˣȥ̽һ£
һ˹زָŸһӢ
ˣ
˳ǰ˰֣Ŀ
¡¡
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ԶɳһɫĸѸڵɽ͡ذ֮УһɫĴƾıǵݡ
ǴԮ˼
˳ǿԶϿƾ͸̵Ĺâ
ˣЩ벻ǻҹ
󷽣˹زҲڵ
ҵҪҪʲô
һ˹زЦ
ʼ˻ΪǴʲôԮ˻ǲֻ°ܽǾȫͬˡǰŽսǵսͿף˹Ϥˣ
ϣս˻˹ĬĬȴȺƾʱǹĻƳȴھɽʮ￪ĵطͣ
Щһڸʲô
ɽۣ֮ڽüͷ˳Ҳ¶Իɫ
Ȼû˹ڽӦԶһϣ˻ֻһضҡĺ飬ããһƬƾȻͷԶȥ
ߣȺСȻҪˣ
Ҹ߿ˡǸû뵽ǻ

˹ڽͻȻӦ
ߣϣֱֵܵ𣿡
˳ȴЦһһĽϵ䵶һ󺮹ҫա
ȻǲǾ͹ȥɣȫŽǣ̳ɱǣ
˳͸ᡣ


508 ˹ԮΪһ
أ
ɫţŽǴ죬һȦȦӰ˳ǿµսֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ǧ˹ֻȣҲӿ˲١ϣҵУһ·̳˹һۼɽ£һ·ȵ˵ķ׷ȥ

ͬʱ˹ĹذʮĵطȻžȴȵĽš
ˣ𣿡
춼ξߣЩ
ǧֵܣȫԼǰǧ˹ؾⲻǿЦġ
ԱߣԾ䡢ҵӥҲͷءȻ˵϶УǶûס˹нֱʱŷѣȻбЩ˵Ѿ̹ˡ
ǣԣô֪У
ʱΨһܱƵģ̸ЦģҲֻˡĳѾ̫̫ˣȻòʮ꣬ԶԶ䣺
춼ξЩܶ׼𣿡
ʵ
׼ˡ
춼ξĵ˵ͷ
һֻٶﵽ۷Ҫ֮⣬ǶƾǱرġƽ֮ԸҾɽս³ľԼռһһļ̴ܡЩƽļƻУԭҪԸ³
³ûϣϱԸİ˳ˡ
Ǿͺá
˵ͷгƺԶûʲôеҵġ
ӥųӥȸ˳׷ûУ
ǣ
ӥ˵ͷѸٵķųһֻӥֻƬʱ䣬һ঴
ˣ
ণӥɫһ˵ţʵϣԽǲμսԽܸоΣա
ߣԭƻɽ
һӣԥתһӣһֱָָ˺Զһɽ塣Ƭ򣬷Բ֮ڣ˹ĹذҪ⣬ɽˡɽ岢εĸߴ󣬵ȴĶͣһ󽣲صס
Ҫǣɽıǧߵͱڡ˹صҲܴӺɽ塣
Ҳ۲ɳ֮صѡĽսص㡣
һȺѸٺ󳷣糱ˮӿֻƬ̵ʱ͵ɽ塣

¡¡
𶯣ҲǺ󳷺󲻾ãһɳ̳ɳ֮Уǧ˹𣬼۶Ϊ׵һؼףֻһ˫۾İ˳ǡ
ߣεƾе֪ܲˣԲˣ
˳Զϸ߷ƾ΢΢¶һ˿ɫ
˵ǣصǴ
һ˹ز͵
û˵ȵܵùȣȺƾǵҲͰˣϣڵ˹ǰҪܣֱǳ롣ȻӵɽҲһܻˣ٣ǸȨ֮ơ
ˣҪ𣿡
˳Ǳһ˹ؽ̽ŵ¿ǼõĽᣬǧ׷ɱȥض԰ЩƾɱƬײ
ˣ
Ԥϣ˳ȴһֱۣĽ飺
ȻǲˣǾ͸Ӳżˡ
˳ǵЦ
ţȽ¹һϣٽ֧ƾ٣
ûаյ顣
Ȼڳȥһ԰֧ƾ𡣲ܹʧٵǣΪʲôôأ
ɱ¾һ
ô̶ȵɱ¾ˣԼǱҲӻشõԭĵҲλаϵ廢ԭ
ǣˣ
ڽ΢΢һ漴ܿ˵ͷ

ˣôˣ
ɽ´ϣ˹˵춯˶üͷ
˹׺ݺöˣ룬ǽ׷ȥҧţһһ˹˵ص㼸½ˣǰ˹ȴʵǲǵķص㡣
ˣǲ᲻˰ɣ
һƾУξ˵Ǹ˻ʧ
ģֻڵȴԮѣ
ȻЦ֪֪˲ܰս԰³µ廢˽ĸࡣǰȴ׷ǰ˳ǵص㡣ǡǡ෴ҧţ總֮͸⣬ֱҧסʺһ˵һںǻȮ˳ǵص㡣
Ȯ˳ǣǻһ㶼ûи߹㣬ҲֲԴо˹ذϵ֮УҲһˣ
Զǵ쳣Ӱа
˹ǻ۳¡ıԴóġ˹ذϵһıѾ൱ˡ˳ϱܵô޵ĳޣʵ֪
Ҳĺܶ۵㡣
òϣ˹صıȻǰ˳ǵĺ֮ܶһѪԭաҲˡ
ˣ˹صԮûеҪҪǣҪȻȵºϾǾΣˣ
һƽµУξɫǲ
У
һȻ
˳ڰͲ뿪ɽ壬ԮھͿԻǣƾЩˣǾԲܻһֻǧ˵˹ġ
Աзʱ򣬾ҪıȡʤӲ²ߡ
ͳ֪Խ࣬ԽǾʲôӺŻ߼ţǳʽԣμӡ£ǧϵı²ߡ
ˣô죿˹ǧѾԶԸǧһ˹ؾǱɣ
˵Уξɫˡ
ǧ˵İ³ܹƵǽ˲ãɽϲŲ벽һ˵˹˿¶֮ء
δأ
˰֣ΪȻ
мƲߣҵˣ춼ξսټҲֶҡĵĻ飬֪ôɣ
תͷĿ䣬Χ
һȻʮĿԡ
ȲƱ鲻ǶϷһζͻǲͳĵģҵĵ壬Ǳҡû㹻ľϡڹؼʱţʱ򣬺ľͲԼǳǧʿ
ͳ˧ǲλõġ
˷ģнֹ֪ô
춼ξԥ
΢΢ףٶ˵
Žơһǧ˺ͰǧЧǾȻͬģͲЧҲǲͬġܰ˳ڣհǧѾӵ˽ӽһ֧ŵһǧ˵Ķ飬һֻǷӳǾȻͬġ
¶ǧҲ塣
ϱӣͬıĵ˶ԹôһССİ˳ǡ

¡¡
ʱ˹صﵽıĻҪöࡣ
ֻһʱʱ򣬶Ϸһ֧̳ǧĸɽХ֮Уֻ˹˵ĺɫսļ²ѡ


509 սһ
ˣ
ÿ죡
ɽϣ˿һĻһ
˹˶ǶǶǿĵˡ
Զ˳ǵǧҲ˶һתɳ֧ӭ˹
˵Ƥ£ĺ϶Ϊһ
ɫ飬ãã纣ڴͬɫĺ˰㣬𺳡𺶵ǣֻӻżļɡ
ˣ¹ǰһΨհô
¹ȭͷ
¹һףڳǹͷųϵϢһһԱͽڰ˳ǵǰ¹ǵһͷ
ţ
˳ĵ˵ͷ
д󽫾صӡӵоԵȨ
ˣ׼һ£׵Ľɽ֧ƾ
˳תͷԶͦεɽ壬һ˫ͷųϢ
Ȼ¹Ѿû˺֮ǣô֧ƾʲôֶΣҲжˣȴǵĶֻ·һ
¡¡
һּ̣ԶţŽĺŽãã纣˹ش˶
һ˹ųУְϣ䵶׷׿ɽۡ
һɲǣһ˹Ȼһ壬һˣһ˫˫Űɱ¾񣬿ɽ·ϵƾͬһ㡣ͬʱһɹɱɷЩ˹ڱԽ׺ɱԽŨء
ǧɱۼһֱնŤһƴ˷۶սܲһӱý
¡¡
ʼֻǻġ䶯ԽԽ죬ԽԽ죬õضҡ
ɱ
䵶һָ»һߣңָԶһҵĺɱһ̣¡¡ǧǵأɽɽݶȥ
սڿʼˣ

ͬһʱ䣬ǧ˹˿ʼʱɽϵҲ˼㡣
׼
һ£񶯣ɽͣһܶȻ֮صĶڵϣǽĶһͬ۰㣬ϦһԵ⡣
ɰɽһֱɽɽ´춼ξǧǧܼưǧֳоǰͺܼʮʮݶӣһһ㣬顣
ǧѹһС
춼ξĲøս˹һгֻܼвֵܵסĳɱ
ɽ¥ɽϣɱѻȸ
˶˫εסеĵǹܡĿĶסɽ£סڶϮĺڳƼ괫еľڴ˿¶ɣнţܴеǰȴûκһ
˵ְǷ
ܶʲôһͳǺۣᶨƵִ´
¡¡
սڣ˹ԽԽÿһ¶ǧ֮޴£ɽ嶼΢΢
崣ɽۣͬһһû˿ı仯
򶨵̬ҲӰ쵽Χʹİ˲١
ǧɣǧɣһǧɣ

˹˵ٶԽԽ죬ҲԽԽ裡

ͻȻһɴؼ𣬷дһϤζǸԭеĳζζ˺İ
Ԯǵζ䵶֮£
ǳɱ¾սеܶ¶ŵɫ
һԵϢ
ӡ
ɽۣӥ춼ξȫʶĿɽ塣
Хңͷڷڿм趯Ȼʯһ㣬·ûʲôܹΪ֮ݡ
Ѿ̵˶߻ص˶ڵȴ
սԶǵһҲǴƺ彻սơռݵΣƾӵơ
ĴƾƾѹĹƣɨ
˶ڵȴ
սһƽӥҲ΢΢͸һ˿ǡȴȻû´
ٵȵȣ
ƽ
˰ţ߰ɣɡ
ԽԽѾ̷Χˡʱݼţ
ȻȴȻû
ˣ
һ˫˫۹׷׿塣˹˵ԶȴƻҪֻ࣬һǵƣܼԵѹֻһ㣬˵ĴҲġ
Ȼ޶ԣȻû
˫ʵĿ˿ɽ£ޱȣû֪ʲô
˵ͬһ㣬صҲԽԽңŶ೹ĸ˵ж¶ηɫ
ԪĲҰܻǲǰ£Ҳ㱸ǰһ㡣
ס
̵ɵʱûпڣһԵҵȴǰһˣʮ·һɽ͵Ͽ쳹
İɣɣɡ
ʼûз
ܣȫ䱸
˲㴫ֻʣһɵʱĿһ¡
˹˵ڵɽţǧ۵糸籼׵ͺһεһͻȻһٶͻȻ֮˲١ϸ΢ı仯Уڷһ¡
ˣ
Ժͷ
˵һƽƽԭôɽ;ǲֻɽĵƣѻĸٺͻлʹԾǵˣԲƵ£ƽԭϺս
Ҳѡɽ֮սԭ
ʮɣʮɣʮɣ
˹ԽԽ¶ȵӣ˹˵ٶҲԼ١
ԽԽأҲԽԽš
ԽԽңҵĵ룬ÿ˶ܿ˹˵ÿһĺëÿһͬģÿһ˹ҲܿɽϴƲ⶯ıвı
ɱ
һ춯صľ죬֮ص˶㡣
¡
֮Уڹһһ޴Ĺӽ¹չݹ⻷⻷ţ⻷ٶȹ⻷⻷̹⻷ǧĹ⻷˸ţųǧţһȦһȦľ⻷
¡
ͬʱɽϣǧľ⻷ͬһһľнԼڵĹ⻷Ƿ䵽ΧĴ֮У͹⻷⻷ս⻷ݹ⻷⻷⻷
Ĺճǿա
ʱ򣬼ҲòԼƽλξʵȻǿµĽһиеľ⻷ȫСΪƽԼԭĲӵд⻷
һ̣ڳǧĹ桢⻷ҲԵȻʧɫʱҲŻ
ֻһɲǣֺ͡
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ǧ˹شͬɫľ˵̰ڴƵľصײһһɲǣҡն·˺ˡ


510 ս
飡
ֻһ˲䣬԰ټƵĳֶսʿײգͬ߷ݰ׷˳ȥû˿˹һصײڴƵķϣͨ˿Եֵġ
ס
һ߿ҵ쳹ƶˣϵĴӴ´нȫ˳ȥ·Ҫ˻ˡ
飡
ҵײڼ˹˵Ĺ籩꣬伤֮ԶҪѸ͵Ķࡣսײǹ뵶ײ⻷⻷ײսһߣսҵ˼㣬˱ײùǶϽۣ飬Ȼӿȥ
һ̣ÿһ˵ж˼㡣
ҵӥԾ䡢춼ξȭͷսһνӴɲζʤܵһ룬Ҳζˡ
һǿʱͬģ֮߳󣬵һҲǿģ̵ʱһֲ߱ײôȴ˵ľ·һ
¡¡
ɽҡضԽԽ˹˵Ĺ಻纣˰Ϯϵײڴķߡ˵඼ᵽɤۡ
סˣסˣ
ͻȻɽϣ춼ξס˫ȭ¶˼ķȻ˺ķǳ԰ټƵĶܱսգûѾˡƾǿ˹˵ײ
󷨷ã
̫ˣ
УиξУξ¶˼ɫ
ǲμδССսײһˡȻսûнǶ˵ײΣյĿѾȥ
ߣҾͲţ˺Щ˵ķߣ
ɽ£¹һĻɫһ䡣Щڴʲôע⣬ΪͰȥǾʹشˡ˹˵УһһԶжϣһֱ˱Ϊֹ
ȥͳͳȥ˺ƾķߣã
¹ĺ쳹գһ´˽
ڶ󣬵󣬵߷󣬳
ɽϣûȽ¹һӣ´˵ڶڶ߷һһԤսʿŴ϶ǰȥƬ֮󣬺¡¡رڣ˹˵ĵڶٽӿ
ڵڶ߷Ĳλͬʱ¹Ĺͬһصײƾķϡ
һɲǣ˶һִͺǰ쵽˽¹ͼǰһ
ˣ
һĻƽŤͷԾĿ塣
ǴûиսҲ˽ָƾ֪ȾսѾԽ󲿷ֵˡ
ٶȱ׳磬ȲҪö࣬ʮɵľոٶȹ죬µһѾͻˣ
¡¡սҵ˼㡣
壬ڰˣھУǹǰ
վɽžڵڶ´ﲻãԼ
һߴĸǹţͬͻһս󡣲Ǳǿľǳܰסһ棬չֳǿʵ
ɱ
ǹХлвٳؼҵĺУѪɽ
ͣһ˹һոһܱͱǹݴ˹ص£ȻǺصİףҲһзĵطӡ£µսܻпԳĵط
ͬһʱ䣬飬һ޴֮˹ȥİ׿Եסݻȴס󴸵Ķۻһͬʱȫװ˹Ҳһֵס
֮ǰѡɽ´սƴʱʱ¶ɽ´Ȼ¿㣬ԽӽɽԽխĿռҲԽޡ˹࣬ʱ򷴵Ӳơ
Ȼûȵսֳʤĵĵ
׼ǰзһʮ
ɫ侲п˿Ĳ
ַ׼ǰһٰʮ
ݣ
ȵļХһ㣬˺ա˭Ҳû뵽ûѡڽսǰ֣Ҳûѡڽսɲǳ֣ѡʱʹùֲӡ£ʱʹѾʧȥˡ
ȴ˿û뷨
Ȼһ̣ȵļ£񲻵·ħһ鷢ˡ
ϣ
սܼȵļ£ڷԲʮɵķΧ֮ڣǵҲԽ֧ӡ飬ϣУһһ˹˴˵ڵϡһǵĿ׷϶͸룬Ƕϡ
ʮ˹һ˹ش˵΢ϷĭءȻڼҵĳУʮȴ벻Ч
ϣ˹صײȥź󷽵ҲܵӰ졣һЩͼƹȥͬʱ飬ڶڴУطͬͼƹ
ܲ׷ײһһƬҡ
飬սսͣײһǽϹ۵᲻ѡһԭ꣬һٶ˵ȻݱһƬҡո£ԿԼĵطΪߣ˹˵һƬҡ
ֻҲ󣬶ǲֹͣġŻҳ嵽սǰߣɵĽǰҲһƬҡ
꣬ǧ֧ⳡ˼ľսУ΢ȻУȴ׵Ľ˹˵Ĺơ
⣬⣡
ƽڽ쿴ǰһĻһ𾪵Ŀɿڴ˵
ӥҵһҲе޴𺳡
ڼҵսϣ⼸ǧ֧ܴﵽЧǿÿôɡȻе¾˶֪ҪﵽЧͲܡ֮ԻһĻؼǼǧֻѡʱ
Ҫﵽֻʵ̫̫ˡ
Ҳӥҵǵһ̵ֿµļֱָһǧͰ³սĸоȫͬġ
رǶҵ˵ѡڱͥξһȻ̴򣬶һԭΪֵԼ׷ģ߱츳ĵ۹ͳ˧ȻһΣҵһʮϷͬĶ
һοڱͥĸ˼˳ϡ
Ͱ˼˳ͬǣƺȻһ֣ѾȰ˼˳Ҫâ¶
Խ࣬ԽĿǰˣƺһϡ
ȻôҵһηֵǰƺһֵԼ׷Ķ
ӥ׼һ£ֵܿˣ
ʱͻȻڵ
侲侲Ĳ˿Ҳû˿Ĳÿʱܻǵ״̬Ҳֻ״̶ȵķӳһֻ
ǣӣ
ӥ˵ַбȸֽѸٵתȥ¸̨
ӥתʱһɽ˭Ҳûпһ˿ҫ۵ľâ



511 ս

У¹ɽһĻˣǿҵķŭʹյֶһƤ͹
˸ɱǣ
¹ΪһӦ˺ǵķߣû뵽ǵû˺ǵķߣʹԼľҡЩҵǰ淴˼ϰƾϰĽ
ﬣ
䵶𣬷һݶļণͬѪһ㣬һ̣¹Ϊȷ棬ǧѹϡ
ҵ·ߣ
սݹһԴ𣬴ѹ󣬾ǰĻҶѹ˲١¹һȣŹֱ̳ɽ
ģ巽󣬸߿Ժˣ
춼ξ׼𣿡

վһʯ棬¹ûгѾ´ˡ
شˣһѾ׼
ƽͷ˵ʵԼ֪Լʲô
սʹͳսƺȫͬ
ִаɣ

䣡
һȦ޴ľ⻷ӽ¹Ľ·ž˵¹ųɰǧͬʯƾ̵ıײȥû˿Եֵûʲôֵܵ
Ϊ侳ǿߣ¹ڰ˳ǡ
Ҫסּǿ߾ԲûУǰЩ侳ƾ¹Ҫʵµľ棬׵Ĵƾķߡ
ɱǣ
Ű˹쳹գһ̵Ľ¹ɱ񣬷ɱ
ˣ
Ȼһ̣첻鷢ˣڽ¹ǰһֱʯεֵƾͻȻȥһεĵпһƾķͻȻһ޴İݵƿڡ
ڻڼ
ô£
Խ¹ķḻ飬һҲסˡӾôãûڼҵսУֱģоȣ¹µȴûţǰһεİݿպۣǱܵĳײ˹ȥ
ߣʲôǰ¶·һ
¹кһûסս෴һײȥںսУң¶ǼֱɱԵΪе˵ֻҪӶԷķ˺һܽԷķ߳׵˺ѡ
Щƾôڽ¹ֱ֮
ϣս˻¹Ŵ˲˳ӳ˽ȥ粨˷ֿȻһ̣ɽڴĶ¹˲ɫﵽ¹ּѾʲôܹʧȥˣЩԲЩ
󣡡
ɽһش˸ĺ⣬¹˲ɫƾķߺ󷽣飬԰ټƵĳЩԿǿĵĳңǰȫ׼˽¹ͱܼ˹ؾ
ɣ
¹͵ŭһɫѿޱȡôҲû뵽ƾ˵ı󣬾ȻһڴһȦףһóɵȦסƵĳӵǿֻ֮һܣ¹Ҳ⡣
԰ټƳ󣬾¹֮ܵ
ҪǣЩƾ֪˶ãʱеĳѾ˶㣬ѾûܵĿˡ
䣡䣡䣡䣡
û˿һɲǵı仯԰ټƵĳͬʱȫʱ򣬾ضΪ֮ɫ䡣ĺ׶ѹս˺ɱһֳ˸ĺ⣬ͬһпе˹˹ȥ
ϵ£ңЩ˹е·ҲܵĿռ䡣¹ֶָûתŲĿռ䣬˵ͨˡ
ۣ
Ѫըϣһ˹һͻȻӶûһ˴ɳĺɫǰ󶴲졣޴ǰ룬شȻŵڶ˹ڣǵ
̵ĻֳһпУսϣµ˹˳µİףֺʾ޴ĳǰҲֽһ㣬ȫ޷ֵ
֮ǰſӣ˹ʱʾµһ档սСķΧܹôƵĳӵޡ
ͣͣͣ
Ѫڶһ˹ͬոĵݰ㵹£̶ʱڣ߰˰ٵ˹˲Զûһ
ûôʹó󣬸ûһӵ־硣
Ҫǣ¹˿Ҳ֮С
飡
һ޴ܼȣ˲Ϣգ¹еĿռ䡣ִ֮䣬¹ܣֻýڵչޣűܵ˿籩Ĺ
û˿һɲԵĹ¹һȳڶǰ棬ܵĹġ
ʵϣҲ൱һ󲿷ֵĹ׼λ˹صͽ
䣡
һһǧ׾Ϳˤʯ˹˺ףĨɱһֱ߰飬˷ڽ¹ǽϣǰ棬棬棬ұߣһĹ
߰ʮƵľ޴صĺڽ¹ϣȻѸޱȵûп¹ͺһεıϣ׷ױ¹־ҵķڣ籩ĹҲֻǽ²ѣԺˡ
߰ʮ޼᲻ݵľ޴ȻûһԶ
µĳҲô׵¡¹ȻͦڵҲģɫѸֻǶ̶ʱڣ¹ȻδˣȴҲʧ֮

¹ɫҰܣɫֲ̿ѣһηĸо
߰ﾫȫϴӲڲӱڻؽռͷҲһΧƾսôһɲǣ߰ͬмӵŹɲԶûһôˡ
ɱƾ¡ܲЩǰֽĴ
ЩһһġǶԷûиֻᣬ߰ʮͬһʱ䵽ֻһ벻ʱ䣬ȴ֮ӾôãûôĶ֡
ܻûмԷӲ֪˭¹ȴѾη
Ƕ̶һ벻Ĺ׵ĴеĽ
һɲǣս׺ޱȵĽ¹еһ⡣
ߣȻˣߵ𣿡
ûȽ¹תͷһɭȻģʹӶ𣬾ɲǣ¡һһһĽͬһ˺أֱնͬһʱ䣬ӥ춼ξҵԼоеĲŭţͻһ˷ڿգնɱ
һɲǣ¹һϣ˶ҪϢˡ
ɫ԰ףһθоϢ

һĲҽ쳹ɽ´ֻһ룬Ȼֹһɲǣʱ䶼·ֹˣɽɽţ飬ãã纣˹иֳηɫǸǲǽ¹Ĳҽ
սвһӵʱ䣬˹ذϵպĽ¹ڳɽɲǣѸٵˡ
ս֮죬ڽ¹ܵĻᶼûСһɲǣ͡׺Ƶ˹˵һθе˺¡
ҲʱǲͻȻʶǰֻƾƺȫͬ
ôܣ
¹һĨ̻ʧƾս֮У˳ŭ۾߬Žֱ͹𣬼ֱԼ۾
̫ͻȻˣ
˳ûһ׼¹Ѿôˡ
ûõķ̫ʧˣ
˳ŭܣҧгݵĺ仰
¹սһʱ˳ǸеĲǱˣҲǴܣǾ޴ķŭʣ¹ֱܼšжմ޺ʹ󽫾ص˼ܹԱ
У¹ǾԼġ
Ҳٹԭ
ڽ¹˳ǱǼġû뵽Ȼ׵ľʧˣ


512 սģ
Уȫ棡
˳˫Ŀһ±ĺ
ǣ
һ˹ĽҰһ쳹ա
˹ص۹ϵ˳ǵԲǽ¹ԱġǲսǶԴƵս˳ǶѾ֤ԼʵնԸƾǰ˳һ˴Ƶо
ƾ廢У˳ǵĵλҲǼߵġ
ʱ˳ǵǸһԶ֣ǧ˹ٴα˾ս⣬¹սʱһɨա

һ˴𣬰˳Ŀ磬ִӲнӹһɳֱ۴ֵ˹ذڵʥ죬һ䵶
ɱ
ͬһգ˳һȫһɫĳ棬ȫȻһȣȫһɽϯȥ˳ǵǧһƺͽ¹ȫͬ
޴ɽҵɽһʯʯͣ¹䣬ʱ˳ǵĴԶԶģɽŶûе
ӣ˳ȫѺˣ
ɽɫһ
˳ͽ¹ȫͬư磬磬Һޱߡ˵¹ĴͬңǧصĻô˳ǵĴͬ쫷أɽȾͬСʹһ㡣
ˣ˳ǷͬСɣµʿȫǾһսǷĽ󣬾Ǳġ
һƾٵ
ݣհ˳ǾͬѸ磬𣬺ɽһٺķǰ֮֮ʦÿ˶оһӴѹ
ˣҲѹϰɡĻƾôˣǾԵסǡǰܣֻ·һ
һƾҲɫŵ
ûţҺ
һֱֻۣƽĿиһŷ˻࿴ۣеĽ꾹Ȼࡣ
¡¡
Ͻӽһһĳɫ󾣼⻷ͣķ䣬ɢһһ£Ť͸¶һĨɫͷ·һ˳ǳɽϣԭһٵ˹ؾͺܵʲôݼһһ׷Զļ뵽˰˳ǵĴ֮С
ǧѩһ㣬ԽԽҲԽԽˡ
¡¡˳ǳɽţɽͷ·𲻿ظһ㣬ضҡҵĵ߻ƺʱ
һĻ

˳ǣˣ

ɽϣ˿ǸƮĺڵװ죬ȫףȴһ佫¶ηɫ
ˣЩ֮⣬ȫǲμӹǳ˹ص֮սġ
ǵĺڵװ˹ش죬ȫŻĺڼ״󽫳˼̣
Сģ
ס

ƽģ˺ѷεĺ쳹Ͽա
ʮǰ˳Ǿһַʽ˺Ԯоݣ˳ٴϮǴƺ˹ھżľսҪôҪôû·սʤǰ֧ӣҲҲûԮˡ
٣ںܳһʱûеġ
ܣ
ȫ䱸
ǹ׼

һӶͣĴȥʱģһֱûвսˡ
ȷʵһԱͽ
һĿɽ´վɽۣܸܵһѬǣ˵ζȽŵʱ˵ƽҲġ㾭ôεսҲòϣ˳ȷʵһԱͽ
һ˲üټܳ͸ɵ˽¹Ҫ佫ɱھǼҪġǰ˳һͽӰ콵͵Сʹµİǧη
ǰڵƻǵȻ޴档
˹صĳԣܵһͽǼ侪˵ġ
Ҳֻˡ
˵˳ǾʵǿԱͨҲ޷ıһҪսǸƴ˵˳ǵʵǿҲûʲôáֻҪһԼ˵㹻
ȥǰΣо£γУճ⣬Դˣ׼ʸΣ׼棡
ͻȻڵһ
ǣˣ
ƺȴõĴдϲѸȥ
Ҳȥɣ
ͻȻŤͷߣҵפʮľӢǸɵ
ǹ㣿
òŵģսˣҲûã˳ɱ
嵭
ǣӣ
˲ִȥ

¡
һʯ׹صڴƵ֮У˳ǵĹԶĻҪѸ͡ݵöࡣãã纣УУס˹ǰһһĹ¹ꪳɳڴˣڰ˳ǰݺһ㣬ôĴô硣

ֻһ춯صĲҽУĴƶܱ񵾲һ㱻գ˷ڿУûأѾʬһˡͬʱǹᣬɰǧĹ˷ӿȴȫ˳ֵ
ǧƾʿûһǰ˳һ֮УҲûһ˿赲ĽŲ
˳ֻǵһһ˷ƾҽţ߷ݰ㱻ɳȥ
ɱɱƾͣ
˳ǱŰͬ͵Ұһ㣬һʵʵɱǺ򱬷
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ

˳һ糱ˮ仯ԭУ˸߳ҲķʸΡִƾʹõķʸΣȴһ˹˵ʩչ˳ַѼ˿ѷκεĴ
ֻһ㣬˳Ǿͳ˾󲿷ֵ˹ؽ졣
ӸߴУһ糱ˮϣֱԷӵʹ֣÷ʸΣԼΪȷ棬һԷ󣬺俪ԷУڰ˳ǵУԶһģֻҪܹԷ˳ǲκΰ취ƾ󷨡
Ū
վڽʯ棬΢΢΢¶һ˿Цݡ
˳ǵսڱǰãǰǰŪ
¡¡һ̣ĺηӳĴл
ߣɣ
һĻ˳ֻЦֻҪƵо䴩ʲôսûõġ¡¡˹֮ӿ룬˳Ǹûй˼࣬һһصĴƷ߱䴩ûκܹ赲סĽŲ
ǽģ˳ɫͱˡ
ôôķߣ
ƾо಻ϣͺԶûоͷһѾ䴩ʮ㣬Ȼʮ㣬Զ򲻴һ
ԭӣһ
ͻȻһۺ񣬰ʮʯ䣬˳ûӦʲô£ֻü̧ͷһۣ㿴һĲ˼ľˣ˫һ󵶣Ծӥһҵն
¡
һɲǣ˳ڱɫ
һһصĴƲ˷ӿȻ˳ǶûעУıΣͬʱʸνܴʱǰͺ֮УͻȻһ޴ġ϶ǧ˵ľͻȻβָָ֡
ֱ仯ʲô̫飬ֻҪƬ̣ӾٴνһٴںϣǶɽ˵һССѾ㹻ˣ

һӣһ̣ս˺һǧҴĸ֣ͬ춼ξƽµһǧܹǧٶ˵ϣХһ㣬һɽԾ¡ǧӰڣÿһһ⻷
ֻڶ̶ʱڣֻٶȾ˼㡣
սڣصֻڳˣ
¡¡һ¡¡ľϣ󲿷ûзӦѾͬһѼ⵶׳磬ݺݵĲ϶֮Сৣȸֽĺâӹգͷ­Ӧ
˹ؾ˲һƬң


513 ʤ
¡¡
⻷𵴣ĺһһĹ⻷ִսֱʱŽ뵽һʤĹؼʱ̣
Ƕǧﱻ岻֪˶ãֱʱƶǹƿըѣǧߣ޷赲һǧȸֽʱΪ˴򿪾õ
𣡡
ɱ

ײ뽣쳹ɽ¡
£ǧǾܶԿǧ˳ǵľӵġ
ǰ˳Ǳҵӥƽ裬ܴ죬벼õķߣʹоٳٲͻƣսϵĲֱ࣬ʥǰͳԭ
޵еģ
һ㣬֪
ûٶȵֻǲѣ磡
ǧһǽڰ˳ǵ룬ʹ˹βѹˡмĻңҲʹ˹ԼΪԼ赲ͻƵȻ޴档Բ룬ֻվڸɽۣ֮֮й⻷չȫѾ㹻ˡ
ϲɱǧһʮ˹
ϲɱǧ߰ٶʮ˹
ϲɱǧ˰ʮ˹

ϲɱǧʮһ˹
ϲɱǧ˰ʮһ˹
ϲɱǧ˰ʮ˹

Ժк£ɽϣХġ֮С⻷ڶ̶ʱͻƵ˶⻷ʵҲ侳ؽأȫǹ⻷Ķջ֮󣬵Ϊֹ࣬ջҲһս
ɽһƬң´Χ˹ˣ֪һսԼӮˡ
սڰʱ֮
սʧҲһɱɽ´ڱһ춯صĻ
ӮˣӮˣ
Ӯˣ


ٺսĻ󺹣ƣ˿ɽҰ˹˺ʬһѡⳡս֪˶ٴƵľˣӴڣδܹĴܡ¤ͥ۹ӴĽǧ˿ڣȻ鲻һ֣
ʱʵ̫Ҫһʵġ
ţš
ɽһʯ춼ξڲʬɽѪսһмѡ
Ȼⳡսߣⳡսۼ˵Ҳǧһǧ׺˹ƽӡܹһѾ൱ˡǾȻӮˣһѹԵʤ
ǵǰ˳ľУⳡʤԽˡ
֮ӣ֮ӣֲó͢ɵˣ
ƽʶŤͷɽ塣
һʤҪ˵͵Ļʹ鹦һˡͬİǧˣпֻܣֻаһ;Уȴӳ˲ŵ
һɲǣ岢ΰмֱͬһ㡣
գ
սգҲƽɽʱһ˶ɽһĽ¡
ˣʤˣһǧ˹һǧȫնɱ
ڵϣ͸ѹֲסϲá
˶ˣ
嵭û̫Ĳ
ǧ߰ˣ
ڵϵǧ˶һ˹Ȼֻ˶ǧ߰ˣֱ˼顣¤Ǳ߶ûȡ룬ǲšܹ֮ȡʤһж鹦ǰλ֮
뵽ʯϵ꣬Խˡ
ǧ߰ˣ
ûע⵽ݵֻ֣΢΢üͷ˹ľսɱһˣԼȴֻʧ˶ǧ߰ˣӽıһȣطѾǲ˼ˡ
ȴ΢ɲüͷ
е߰
ͷа
ֻаǧˣǧ߰ˣʣµľͲǧˡڼȱٱ˵ЩԽܡǵ˳ֺټڵĳ棬ܱĳеˣҪĶڣЩֲǲԽܵˡ
ϾǺۣĻǰ϶ЩһǧҲǶˣ
а
εǴģȫǳ͢ĺֻۣٲ־þսǽȻͬġʵ΢ѷɫһ㡣
ǰ϶ȫͬˡ
٣϶گ˹صܼôãѾ˵ˡ
۵˵ʺʵսأƵۺʵʵǳ۹ġ
ˣ˳Ѿ£ôã
ʱһϤĽŲӥѪбɲ˹ĽŲǣһƣӡ
һսǳҿ࣡
ӥа³ĻƽȭټҵƽľвΧʿһȺΧ˳ǣԶ٣ռƵ£ˡӥˡ
ҵ佫ȸ־޽ףηİ˳·һˡ
ġһʵصȸﲿӡ
Ĵңǰ˳ĺҲ˻ҡ
δ˹ظԭ£ƶ˳ǼǴݿ࣬޵СĴƺ䣬ڰͱͥӴ죬ĵ£˳ǵĿ֪
ģȴ׵Ĵˣ
ǰ˳ޱȣĲҽҲ˻ҡ
ּսУҪġ
ߣҹȥ
ȴûô࣬ӥĻйâһ
һս˵ջҪˡ
жʼ˽¾Ͷӥҵ˵ÿսܻģ;ѶԷܻġһ;һȻڶԷɥʧ˼Լ¡
ԭû˵
ӥҵҲûʡ
ЩǲҪ֪ôġ

ֻӵ佫
ɽ´ʯУ˳˺ۣѪһţһʵʵģԱĸߴ󣬾һ㣬ǿѹͨҵ
ɫ˫ǿȸ־޽ֱָ񷣬ʱ׼ն
ڰ˳ִУҵһ㶼Ҵ⡣
µѨҵǲҷġֻҪ˳һ춯ҵ˲նͷ­
ǣ
ɫƽ΢Цӭ˵ĵһ仰ð˳סˡ
˵˹
˳Ǽŵ
һ仰˹Űļ˵ģö˽Լ˼ֻǰ˳û뵽һʹȻ˵˹صԡ
һߣѧϰ۹ԡ
ƻ˵˹˷ë۽ǣ˹Ҳּɣ˻˵Խ٣˹ص˽Խ٣ԼҲԽ
ֻǰ˳ҲûϵԼǰվһ˵˹ˣ


514 ǹ伶
Ǻǣ֪֪˲ܰս˹ضԴưػģٷ֮ǰɴӵ۶̽ʵǻ˹Ҳʲôֵ°ɣ
΢΢Цֳ΢΢һס˰˳ǵؿڡ
ϴս˳ǾǸؼ˹صĽжϺŵġҲû뵽ԼȻһַʽλǰֻ˹شǰƾĶۣ˳ǵͻ
һս߶Ǻͻĸԭ˳һܹԭ˵ıõֵزѾ൱ˡ
ֻϧԼ֮ʥҲֻǰŪѡ
ãһ֪֪˲ܰս
Ļ˳йâһ¶һ˿ŹֵĹâ
սСˣ벻һδɵСҲı裡Ҳ̫⡣սܣϢܿͻᴫƽԭȥ󽫾ܿͻʦϣȴǵվ·һ
˵˳¶Цᣬ̡
£˹ص˴ܱ˰װġɱԼҲչҪΪԼᡣ
˵𣿡
ЦЦĿ̧ա
ڣ
Աӥָ̽һ߿ļХžգͬʱӰһһֱĴӿе׹˰˳ǵǰǳɫëצһֻ͵ĺࡣ
ֻĿвӣʱȴŤ˲ӣĿҲɫ
ֻ࣬˳˲ɫ
ǿаУԲ׽Էӥȸӣڿмеˡӥ඼Ƕ֡˳Ҳû뵽ԷȻ˹Ϊĺ඼ܻɱ
ߣ㲻Ҫ̫⡣ֻһֻѡ˵ľӣô飬ѵΪֻһֻ𣿾סֻҲô
ܿ죬˳ͷ­һһм
žգžգžգ
˳һ䣬׹ͻȻһͷͷĺ಻ͣ׹ϣҳ⽴⼸ֻ࣬˳˲ɫϵᡢҲ˲ʧĸɸɾ

˳ǻҰܵɫΧһЦ
˳ǣ̫ˡۿɱܱȵù𣿡
ӥЦҰɫĴУͳһѻõաণֻһļণһͷͷİӰ£סӥ׳ɣѸٵգʧ۲ϸͻ֣ᷢЩӥȸСͣצӣ˷С
Ƿеʱ򣬱˴ĬһֻС͵ľһ
ӥɱСӣ
ޣۻӥ֮û˱ȵӥˣšɱαװϸ֣ӥչ൱걸ЩСһЩӥ˸ݵѪͳ򣬶Ҷѡӥ㻨ʮʱ䣬ɸѡǳɹ
Ȼûа취飬Ҳͨźţûа취ǰľ顣ʤ׺ףڲɱһĬڿлûǵĶ֡
ӥΪǿǵɱǰװצ죬ϻһЩĽݣ֪
֮Σأ˭Ҳ֪Լܻܲ
ˣӥԼӥȸȫ˳
ôڲ˵˰ɣ
ȻЦ
ߣɱЩʲôáҲǶ๶Ӳд˼ѡ
˳Ա۾һҪɱҪıӣ
ְɣһڵµǣ
˵۾һ
ǺǣҲûôףңǵǴġҾ͸һʹ

ʲôǲģ
˳Ȼ۾Ŀ͸һ˿衣
Ǻǣǳմ𣿡
ͻȻ˵Ƴ˰˳һۡ
ˣ˳û˵ɫһ͵ı˱䣬һţҪ˵ʲôеĳһͣȴѾͽ˰˳ǵࡣ
Ѿ֪ˡڣѾ˵ˡ
С룬¡˳һɰ磬Ѫ罭һ㣬ͨСӿ룬ڡʵѾͻƵأʱõ侳Ŀͬһǿһ㣬һ͵ıը

ֻһʹĹڷžһƣһ˿ǧֱķɢУѪڱ˳ԾĿ⣬Ϣ侳һ·ͻƵأأͣפ˾أӥͬһ硣
ôܣ
һĻ仯ӥ۾ˡһ·ģʵ仯
ʼ廹ֻһ΢侳һߣڣڣֻ˰˳һȻ㣬ھȻѾƽƽˡҪ֪ӥѾʮ࣬ʮˡ
Ųʮѡ
ߵȫͬն
㵽ʲôа
һģӵϴ˳ǵڵ£۾ôģĿǾȻʧˣûָٻšǸָӹ٣Ҳһֶѡ
һȫ¾Ļ롣
˳ǿԸоԼڵڷٽǰڣԼڷٵһ֣һµĶ֡
˵ԭ廹ֻǻ۹˵ĻôڣϣѸͷųһģǿߵϢȫһʮеģҲȫҪһĹɺ˳һôãûôŹֵ
㵽ȥ𣿡
һЦһСӰ˳ڳ˳Ѫ쭳˳Զûһ͵˵ϡѾȥˣ˳ǵԶİԵЩӴڳͻֲ²ĸо
һ˲䣬ƺҵ˵£ݺ۳ҵĸо
ʼգɴһıô򵥰
ǹ
ɽͻȻһХ־ٹͻȻӱһؽɫ߽ںӧƴӳǹ𣡡һ춯ص˳ԾĿУһצͻȻһȦӵֱϡ
һ¡һΪһҫ۵Ľɫ׹⣬¡һص׹ɽͶϡ
¡
ҡض̳ɽͶһǹҲʯʯ͵ľɨ˷ɽͶ·Ҫѿһ㡣
⡭
ʲôǹ
ʲôʱӾȻѧ˰Եǹ

ɽƺƵʮɸߵŨ̳һֹ̲ӥԾˣҵλδͨжھɫƬ֮ǰֻ侳أһսȻ˲ʹﵽֵز
һǹԴﵽ伶ľ磡
һ㣬ҵ϶ޱȣ


515 ֣δս
ХɢɽĻҳҲ¶ɽһ޴ĿӶųǹ೾߳ʱɽͶһƬž
ʱ˿̵壬ǿţ֮Ϻһǿ֮佫ʡ
˶ӡȻͬ
ϢѾʼȻˣӱ˺ӥҵһˡ
⵽ʲô̫ˣ
Ȼǽ֮ңôû˵ֹ
ٶȽȥֻ¹ӵ书ﵽһ˵ģ˼ĵز

ɽ߳壬һˡ
в죬𾪣ȴûһûһǰȥѯʡڿ֮ʶľ͵ͷⲻȥ¡ʲôҲôģҲаʱֻҪܹϵԼǶҪġ
һУ޹ؽҪˡ
֮սҪľǸ֣ǿߣԽԽãԽǿԽã
ϲɱ˳ǣıʷ򣬽㣬֮󷢷ţ
ɽϣ忰ǹײĿӶո߳ûԶоʹ
Ǻǣ
΢΢ͣ½Ų
˳ǻصĵս۶Ϻŵġûȵ϶ɾԼȻΪĸı䡣٣ǱԼıˡĹأ֮ʯ϶Ҫġ
ǣѾڶεõ㵫ȴûзˡ
䣬е㶼Ӻ󷢲
ֻҪʨӳÿһˣȴڲͣ۳ġ
ˣ
ӥҵԾ䣬ƽ˷׷ӭĿⲻƳСʶıܹ⣬˭Ҳû˵ʲô
ӣոʳմô£
ӥС
ոֻһ仰˳ǵɫȫԡؼǣӥΪֹ֪ʲô¡˳ˣԴ£ôᱻһ仰˵ɫ䡣ңմǸʲô˼
Ϊʲô
ӥڻ
Ǻǣһ֪춼ξ˳¹ҲѾ˹жεķѾȫǻھʣһɽͷˡȥˣҪٶȺǻϣڽ죬ٶһ˹
ǣˣ֮ǰѾ֪ͨǣֻҪжɹͻᷢźŸǡڣѾˡ
춼ξ֣ӵ˵顢𾴡
һսѾʳ׵Ӯ˵𾴺Ρ
ʵʤ۱棬˳ս¹սһ˹ֻ˶ǧ˶ѡ飬ٿ̵ˣһҲóϷͶء
ţʱȣ춼ξɳأ

ɳ̴
춼ξɽ»˻֡ܿ죬ʿ̧һѸٵСӴ򿪣¶걸ɳ̵ͼ֮һǴ˧ӡһɳ̵ͼ
ɳ̷ŵǰĵϣʿܿ˿
Ű˳ǡ¹սܣɳϣҪذѾ򿪣ǰĴӴһƽ
֮·ѾûʲôΣвʣµǧ˹ҲѾΪ塣Ҫǣεֻ۾Ѿ˶˹˵š
һ㣬Ϊؼġ
ҵ
ͻȻڵ
һֻ˹ؾӣһҲҪͣЩӶ֣ǰ
һָɳϵ
⡭
ҵֻһۣʱסָĵطʲôҪĹذǰƽԭ·ȫƫˡ
ӣɲʨӳǵ·
ҵ
ѾкܳһʱˣҵҲûŪףʲôеԤȫͬ
û˵ֻ֡
ҵһ£ܿ¶״帽һȻܿҵ׳˶ļ
ȥɣú׼ڽе黹ҪҪĶࡣҵߣ飬ŵģҲֻˡ
˵ⷭʱһࡣ
һǧ˾Ҫıⳡս̫̫ˡ£ϵıµıսڵ˫ľʵһЩͨ˿ĵط
¡¡
򵥵ʰ׵ܿһ˹ؾפصĵطȥ
һսڵȴˣ


516 ǣʳ
ɽ֮˺ܿ˵ڶɸ֧ԮƾֻƾĽǾеϽ֧Ӻ϶Ϊһµı˲ǧ౬ǵһһǧࡣ
һ˳һıȻֻǧȻ֮壬ǧڶĴ˵Žƣµıﵽһ࣬˳ᢾȫͬˡ1һ˱˵ɹͷӵؾͶˡ
԰˳˹ͽԼһıܹʤ֮ԸʣµһֻǧǾ͸ˡ
սͱȽϼˣ
û˰˳ǣҲûн¹ʣһֻ˹رûмֶãͱ׽ˡ
ⳡսеıȵһսҪ죬ֻһʱսͽˡ

ˣ¾뿪ˣ
սҵȴû˿ɡǵսѾˣսŸոտʼǶԼҪ飬ҵҲһƬã
ţȥɡµѾ޹ˡ
ϣͷû˿Ĳϣҵһԥƺ֪ԼʲôҪʲôϣҵһãҵ֮жٶεж˵ġ
ҽ㣡
ժһӣӴϴĽƺ׼ˡ
ȥжɹĻ˹˱ضֱȥԸ㡣Σ㶼ҪסҪ̰սҲҪ¡һڽѾ˵һҪϸսϸ£
˵㣬ɫޱȡ
ҵһءҲΪˣɫʱ򣬸ӡ̡
ǣף
ҵĿһۣѸٴùңͷһ
ӷģΣҶһϸ񣡡ߣ
˵һ仰ҵһӣһǧȫװ۳Ҷȥ󣬿лŨҵѪζ
ӡ
Զĵط춼ξԾ䣬ӥһҵȥıӰ͸ãɫҵεǳأж·ߺҲȫͬˣûֹ֪ؼʱ̣ҵҪȥ
ʵ̫ɻˣˣȴû˸һľ
ڵ壬ھеѾﵽƽѼĵزֻһ仰ƽЩ£˵ͻߣƽֹˡⲢǲҳϻʲôԼʵʤӮ˷ĵ׵ӵ
ʱѾû䣬ձ𣬳ˣûƣҲûΥ
ѾþԵʵӮֻͳ˧Ȩ

ûʱȥлҵ뿪ԴʵӰ죬ɨս֮һ£µĴƺƵ϶ȥⳡʤ֮֮;ϰͰ϶֮䣬ûκε
ʱȣһûͣ
˷𣿡
µ·;įһ˼ʱ򣬶ͻȻһϸϵξ˭ûעʱĵģװĿ˹ϵ꣬Ƿĵء
Ȼദʱ̣ܶҶԷͿֻԼĺ൱ȴҰɺӣóϷ߷ֻͳ˧ҲΪˣžЩò˵
Щʹ˵
ξôˣ
عͷЩ˵ʱڣüĿ֮п磬˵ǡ
ˣˡͻˣһҿ˺ܾãò˵Ϊ֮Ⲣ˹أǣǣʳ⣡
֨֨ã³ĸ֡һĳĬ
˵ȥ
ڻعʲôҲû˵ֻǵݹȥһʾ⡣
ˣʵ㲻֣ʹû˹˹Ǽֲ˶ˡҲ֪ƽ˵ûУǵ϶Ǻò˶١ǧ˳ⶼһС佫η壬Ǻһ飬ҡ
һۣԥһ£ҧŵ
Ǵս֮ǰ϶Ǳ͢ǵʳҲֲ˶೤ʱˣδУǻֻһ˶ѣǣϵİ϶ôˣ¡
û˵ȥеĵȴѾ¶ɡӵʳ⣬ʵע⵽ֻΪ¶ҡģһֱû˵
˹һսǵءʧ̫̫࣬ʳ˹ջ١ϵʳ͹ѡ˲֣ʵѾ׼ˡڣҲǷԴˡǣڵ˹ˣ¶·һ
һ˵꣬ĳĬ
ʵ۶ȻӵǿϾҲǷˣҲҪûгԱʮֵʵܷӳ־Ͳˣ˵̡ȫɱǲ˵ģΪн죬Щò˵
˹˻ҪΣȴüޣòǵ⡣
ЩͲõˣ
ϣԻӰĵ˵ȴ΢΢һЦ˵һ벻Ļ
ֻһЩʳѣͲصģа취
Ǵˣ͢ҪҲ˰߻ʵԶ۶̫ԶˡʳǴҪ֮˴ϣӴƸطʳ̷ʱ˵ԶˮҲȲ˽𰡣
еԽˡһȻɵӣû˵Ļ䣬ȴȱ״ġʳΪ죬Ϊˡ⣬ǻứġ
ˣذ
١
ʵ벻Ѿ˵ˡΪʲô廹˵̩Ȼ
ģԶˮȲ˽ʣǽľͲһһھʦʱ򣬾ѾʼʳģôˣҲˡ
Գһ棬ļ΢΢Ц
Ȼֻǵһ䣬ɫ͸¶һǿţƺ˳ᢣûʲôܹӹļ㡣һʱҲסˡ˿ڵĳʳԲһС¡֮ս͢Ҫ׼һµĿ
ԲһС¡û¸ŪҲö¡ʵ벻嵽״ŪʳⲻǮǮ⣬ôĿӣκһ̣߼ܹġ
Щ̣רŷʳļ壬ҲҪ׼ҲԴﲻ
Ͷ˶ʲô
ļȴѾﳤȥ
˳ᢣʤǧǱҪ衣ôʳ淸Ȼ´󣬵͢飬ȴδ
Ľ꣬һܿˣ
尵Ժлһ⡣


517 ң
ʳΪ족ʱͨ죬˽Ǹʱղû̫ǿ书Ҳûа취ʳԵԭңһƽ٣޴زŻݳأһƬš
Ĵڴˣ
˲ʹĽѵӺͿʼ׼һ㡣ĽΪ׼ķʡ
ӽˮѾ߹ģ֮ǰѾдŸĽ꣬ʳںľˣѾȫȨλδĺŮˣ廹벻¼䣬˭ֽ״̬£ʳ⡣
̾Ϣһʵǲţ͢˵Խǿ飬ֲαݺҲûֱҪ
ֻһһˡ
ţѹе˼
ϣذһǧ˹֮·Ѿûʲôܹв˵ˣʵϣһЩܵɢ£һ˹˶оٶȽӿ졣
˹ذ˰սıý
սʤ³˳ǣ¹˵ʤϲѾʧ٣ûʼ˵˵ЦЦ飬󣬾ӥɫĬռѹ֣ͺʲôͷһ
еĵ·ȻѾ˹ˣǵԿµӡǣƾغеǣҵӡӹһֱ쵽˴ÿһξ룬Կ˹˿Ļ
ǲһҲǼٸǧǴƬƬãã޼ʡ
ЩڵĺۼṩˣЩ˹شжôӴ
˹ش쵼ֻľ˹صĴ󽫡ء
˳ǺͰ³ȻҲףҲǻµĲѡ֧عذ˹Ҳȫǻذµġ˳ǵ˵ս˹˵Ĵ˵ֻ΢Щʧѡ
Ȼ˰³Ͱ˳ǣǻرϾǡ³ֵ۹֮κεĴڣô֮
ϻأֻ·һ
ڳĴ󲿷ֶǲμӹս˹˿¶ᡣʱټ˹ش󲿶µ㼣еĸ֪ܿ
֪϶ľôˣ
ϣǻû̫ܵش
֪ü
ֻһˣҲ֪ܲܰǣ
һжֻܿˡ

˹˺گʮһư϶Ѳܡǰ·ļѣжǳġһ˫˫Ŀʱʱʶ塣
ǰ·ãѾ˵ľСսѾûٸһ塣ȻԶЩˣϵ򶨡ݣԼǻȴӡ˵ԺǰʲôΪͳ˧ƺԶ֪ôȥʲôô
ƺԶûʲôԴҲûʲôеɣʱ̣ͳ˧Ҫġ
ʱ󣬴ҹ·ȥ
ԽϷվԽѹ֣ܹԵظоյı仯ʲôû˵
֪ҵǱôʱ㣬ҲӦѾ˰ɡ
ϣ̧ͷڤڤͻȻѾ뿪ҵ
塢ɣǺģ岢ûȥȰ˵ʲô֮У˶ΪԼֻġʵҵһǧҪǣʱ˿̣壬ҵԼ֪ڸʲô˵⵽ζʲô
ݣ
һǰȥ

ʱתĿ֮;ƿԽصꡢƽԭһ·ھѾǧĵطϣս˻һǧɱ죬ųĶУȴʲô
ˣѶ̧
ҵһխСֽջ棬Ȼ̧ͷ
ﬣ
һԽĽУͦĴܿһڴӴӶĩβ̧ŵϡˣ׹صɲǣһħӹȫͻȻ֮ùֵֹģһ˫˫Ŀǿڴӡ
Ȼû˵Ѿ׵ĳǡ
ȥһսһ·صľ͸ҵˡ뿪֮ʱͽ·׼ġԴǸʱ𣬳Ѻӵʿ˭ܿ
ҲˣԾ䣬ӥ߸ܾõˣûʸȥ
ֹˣصѺ͵һҪ뿪ʮ׿⡣
սҵʱҲԲμս
еĺֱ˶㡣
ڿԴˣ
֪ŵʲô
ǰצİô򿪣

һͣʱʱĿƳһԵҵ
Ӵ򿪣
ҵûйô࣬һӣѸٵ´̹˵ڵĺ棬ʵһ㶼١ǹؼǣ֪صʲôıܹʵ̫ˡ
̫ˣ
һƬ塣ҵһۣϰ
գ
һ죬Ӵ򿪣˫Ŀ˲һ˹ʿҵĿⶼסˡʱһ̣ΧͻȻһƬš
ǡ
һӣ
ڿشʲôûУֻһҺ֡Ͼɵ鲼ӡ
ó
ͻȻ֮䣬һȺ˷׷׺ˣߡʼʱ򻹲ãڿ˶ŵһɶζͺ˺ܾһ
浽װʲô
Ҵĸʱ䶼ѵĲˣʱ򣬷׷űȥҵϾ壬ȻʵҲߣҲϣǱϾǾҲûôģңɼ߸ϵݡ
ܶʱ򣬳ѵʹ̵ʱҵ̬ʵ൱׺͵ġ
ǰƽʱ򷴶ûô˼ɡ

ҵû˵еĲʵһ㶼С彻׽Ծӥû÷ݡεǳҪһҪϵĶȥж
ҵҲǵͷˣ뵽ҪӡôҪĶ׼ôãҵǲţһô򵥵ġ
գ
ս磬ĿӡҵĬƬ̣ץȸ־޽һৣ۾ﻹһӰûзӦҵȸ־޽Ѿӹӣ鲼ֿ

һڷùŹͷ浹˳
ǡ
һĻ˶ˡʲô˸ô
ԺȫӦ
ҵԺ֮ҲôɲǵʱһƬհסǺܿ죬ڤڤһ⻮Ժҵͫһƺʲô
⣡
ҵͻȻʲôȻѾûа취ֱԭʲôǴϸĹҵһ˳һͷ򣬶һͷĸҵڱ̵ͥʱ䣬ȺҲԹ⡣
Щ磬֬ĿʱץŹͷһԵģҵϤ
ȻⲢʲôͨ⣡
򡭡
һӹԺ㱼䣬ҵʲôޱȡ


518 ϵı
ˣڿʼûҵ˭Ҳ
ҵͻȻ
ˡ
Υߣն
ҵһֵȸ־޽һ¡һڵϣʯɣ̹ڵһĽۡɲǼ䣬һʶȥ
ǣˡ
֪˭
ҵȥڼӣǾζһءʱû˸
ӣ˵սĹؼ𣿡
ҵа
ʱѾΪʲôڲԭϷһһѡԭ˲һԭϵ˸ôҽҽˣҲԭһ֪ʬ
ټϲԭϵ˳ȺķţǼͷʮͷͷࡣһǴģΧѡ
ڲԭϵ˵̸ɫ顣
ֻǲԭԭжԣټţˮʳһطͻһطرڲԭٷ֪ܶʲôҲʹòԭΪá
׼Ѿˡ
ǰҵһԡڣϰʮܣԮзˣŻѿӻȫ¶گ˹ص֮£ʱ֮ʣϧëǾظˡ
Ե˵ʴȣǶԼĲ̡
ֻǣ𣿡
ҵа̾
Щ;ҵҲûôŵ⡣Щܲ˺ɶ˺Ƕδ£ϴΣȴǽǰ¡ң˹صĴҲ˿ʧ

ˣһʳ
ҵһͻȻ
ǣˡ
ܿһʿȡһĻƶʳҵûκ˲룬Զ֣һƶ㶹ͿС
ˣ
һУҵͻȻһһžһӸϣȻ̧ͷԶ
￴ȥԶԶĿԿïܵĲݴεһȺȺţͬƶһ㣬ããģǡϸȥܿȺеˣǿߴվȺУ˺ԶľҲĿ
ģҲֻ˹صˡ
սȻǸӣǾǵĵˣһо͹ֲˣ
ҵԶˣһĺ⡣
ȫ˹ˣһҪŹ
ҵϢȫϢȻ֮ñޱȡ
ǣˣ
һ£ȻӦǣһ̣һǧɻ죬̳Զֱ˶ȥ

ˣ
ߣ

һļдԶմһƬңϵȺͼԶȥţѾˡʱ˿̣սҵôлߣ
¡¡
ˣ
߼˭Ҳ֪˹شĺ󷽣һսѾˡ
δСоبŲĵʹսҲ˼ءԭıսߣ˹ˣԭϵ˵⡣
о˹˵ĺڷʽԭȫͬ
ԭһģսҪ׼ʱ䣬ôʱĴֻּܼµʱ䡣һĸ£սûа취ȥڴ̫֮ڻʵλʱ򣬴ʢһʱȴڶԸ߾۹սУΪ߾˼Ұƺڸϣսĸ֮Ϊʳȱòʧس޼գⳡʦڣķ˴ս
Ȼĸµʱ䣬ѾԭսʷһսˡΪˣǰʳ
ԭ˵սǿչġ
˹˺ͻ˾ͲһҪһսʱǧõĺڸϵ⡣ҪܵôԼǰô׼ǲԭϵûʲôսˣӲܳΪƱ߻
ף˹˺ͻ˲ûʳ⣬ǵʳϰߺԭȫͬ
ԭϵʳΪͲͳ⣬һⶼûСǶ޵˵⣬ٶٳ⣬ûտʼ϶ǳ˷ܣԴȣ֮󣬾ͻζһ֮󣬴ͻûսԡ
ԭ˵ǵף򣬸ȵȣϰȻͲһЩʳĴ桢䣬ֲʳ൱鷳ʱᣬԭʳش䣬롢ըƸ
ֻףû⣬ûζսҲġ
ԭսսǰضд𣬴һٵϰߡо仰Ա˲
ԭأϰˣǾ񣬻ǱʥֻϹűʦһ취ûУֻ˳ӦˮƣԱϲ˵δʳСˣܸģ
ǲԭ岻ͬʳϰԶûôӣ˾УҲν
УǰΪ˵ļʵܣں󷽸ųȺţΪṩţݶʳҪ֣ҪԿҪˮ֣Ҫ²ܳ졣
ҪǣţԶᷢùҲõʳĴ⡣
ӻţ͸ϵԶ˵ʣ߳ʪù⡣ֻҪвݣԶȱݡ
ңԭľӾǴ˹ġ
Ǻڹ٣ˣվǾӡţ̫ˣԭԽţˣɣĨΰ;С
Ƕǿߣͨȫˣ
ϣӰǵģҲǼеĺ˪ѣ
ϸ˼սĸѡУֻкǡǡǲԭҪġͻˣ˹Ҳˡ
ںڷ棬ũȻǲԵȵģ
ûԭװҲûô˿ڣҲûôõĻʲôսߣһԳΪԭĸ֮ԭʷϣԶصĶݣ
ĳĳ꣬ͻˣ߿ܱߣĳĳ꣬˹˽ӿܱߣȥҪȻĳĳ꣬Ӫޣޣĳ⵽˿ܱߣ
ļؼ¼ʷϱȱȽǣԶزꡣ

ǲԭһҲǲá
ܹƹǰĴƵ󷽵֮УɱǵȺܵش£һ˹Ҳֻᡣڣ˹ȫʨӳǡ
Ѿ𣬹ذ˹صĴػ
˹˵ѾǹûʲôвǡҲ͸õĻᡣ
Щ򡱣Ϊ˹׼õ
˹˵Ⱥʵ̫ˣԭ˲һû˵ʲôͷ򣬻ʮͷʮͷǼͷǧͷͷʮͷͷԭũġ
ң廹һص㣬ԲΪλʱʱȻҲԲΪλ
ˣʲôһ˼ͷ˵һ˶
ִǼΪӴġ
һ̶ȣ͵ϮѾûˡʲôܣȺɱʮͷȺվﲻɱڶɱꡣȵҵ뿪ˣֿʱ
ʱ򣬰ѱɱţɾˡ
ͻϮȫʧȥ壡
ҪԸ˹ˣϮǺ󷽷ȺͨûõġԱýƫ档
Щ򣬾Ϊ׼
һֻͻѸٵĴȾȺһ䴫ȾеĲλҪǣԭôҲûϰߡζţһ飬ܹ׵ݱһ޴ѣ
Ըˣֻڱ棬һҪʹ裬ʹǲŻѧѵ
սֻǱĶƴҲֻȭȭ⣬ԽĻƴıԵս
һ̣֮⣬ҵԼ֪ļƻɹȴ˹˵Ľһ꣬ʮľ޴ѣ
ûӴȺԭϽᷢһԤڵӴ󼢻ġⳡĽ˹˼ʮ۵ĹʹǵҰĻΪУ


519 ֣ǵĽǣ

ҽ֮ڶһɱܿڳմչ׷ӴܣһЩѡ˷ַֻװ׺ȸֽǰͬأͬѥɦ
УţƬ˵ѪȾءⳡսУûƽûսʿеֻǹĲȣĽⳡĶԾУû޹ġ
岻ƲƴȲƱ
ת֮ͻתһɱգ׺ޱȵ˹սʿκζԵ˵ĸ֮ʣԼĲ̡
սеĺܿ죬ĺҲ졣۹⴦˹صĳմѪҵѴҴ뿪ȥ˸Զĵط
ǵµĿʬ壬ԼţʬȺţ򣬰ããģƽԭһ߼ʡ
ֻδͨ󽫾ҲܽЩʮƵţ˲ɱøɸɾ¾󣬴ϣȻ˴ٺţһĽšǣ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
մоĵģʱ·ﾲֹˡ֪˶á
̣
һȺѵһ˹ʬͻȻⷭȥѪ߰ߣĲľ£һƴӵ˳
ħЩ˶Ƕħ
˵˹ʬ·˹ֹ˵ţ˫԰׵ﻹĿ־塣
ʣ
ֻʲſܽǸոյ߰һ涼ֲˣͱЩ¾ɱԷһ˵˶ûСȻ֪ԷҲδ̫ˡ
ң˵ư϶Ѿ
˵ƵԮҲѾ󽫾
˵ɱϵذλפôΪʲôһֻƵ˵Ǿ԰ȫ
УһҪߴ󽫾ΧˣЩȫɱ⣡
ҴߣȻֳˡ
󽫾ȻҪ֪ͨҲҪ֪ͨѾڳմѾȫұҪ취֪ͨǡ
Ҵа
ڸԭϣûʲô˵ֻǺ˵˵е˹˶սʿڷսʱǴĺܣǾӵĺڹ٣սʱͬԳΪӵĶĿе;Ӷһġ
ĿתһȦҴܿĿ۽ЩҴţϡ
Ѿòȫˣеһ֧ӱȻеڶ֧֧ӡЩţҲˣҪ󷽵˹ظԭң˿ЩҲһ﷢顣
Ҳ˾衣
ǸԭϲĵĹģ
ž
־ͷߺ޵ڱһ飬ʼ
ߣߣߣҪ뿪
һȺȺţ˹ظԭطȥʶ;Ⱥûô˳ˮݣҵʱĵ·ֻҪЩֿЩǾͻס
㣡
һĽкУдȺӣ˷
ȻַߺͿ־еûע⵽ѩ׵ȺмֻţųմеĻƶЩƶлһЩɫĩȺɢȥЩţҲͻУһʧԶ

ͬʱ뾩ʦԶľУͬһƬæµ
һǧȫװҸȥû˵ע⡣͢עģ㡣ϡ¤ͥƽô꣬ûΣľ档
ʢ֮ʱܵһ˳ޱȡƽһҸͶĶûУ˵ˡ
ڵĴѾĵѾһϣ۹˵ĵǣ˷֮᲻Դҽ
չȥǺпܵġ
гϢ𣿡
ҸۡϣبȥһӭȥǽǺ͵ġ
ѾкܳһʱˣǵΪֹһϢûд뿪ĺͻȻûк˵һ뿪ˡبȴҲ˵Լȫ֪ң׺ʱ򣬾Ѿʾˡ
ǹŨҲȫΪһ㣬ϾѾûж˲֪ˡ
ˣҲζبֶ
һܹѹȨӵܣʢµģҲֻһˡ룬ãûһõǾبҲȥֹǽŵܣŮûث֡
ʧȥַǣҲ㲻ӵˡ
Ȼ˵بֶǸܵġ
ˣûϢ
ͷҴ
ͼŸȥϵ幫ӣȫϵϡ⣬幫ߵǸӥҲȫϵϣǸо幫ǿѾս״̬ˡЩӥȸӦҲǷųȥˡǲŻͳ幫ʧȥϵ
ˣ
ս֣بһֽһƬ
ǰŵļǿѾ˰ɣ
ǣˡѾǰϣѾˡ
ͷ
ǣҵȻζҪȫ
ب
⣬ϵүϵġôಿ£ϵǣͨܿ塣ΣҶһҪ֪ںڣô
⡭ˣڻ޷粻ϡ
ţֳԥɫ
ʵˣ幫ڵĲѾǹˡ
ʲô
بüëô£ʲôǹˡѵϵǣͨҵҲ𣿡
ˣʵ幫ȻûнеĲ´뾩ʦ֮ǰ뿪֮ҸϵģֹԺɽϵˣȫҪҲŮٵ˭ҲΥ߰ǰ幫ӸϵЩѾ˾ʦ֪ȥҲҲǡҸϣһЩʱĽһûС
ͷ
һ࣬بʹסˡ
٣
ⲻǾҵĲŮھʦ֮вŸ߰˶Ҳš
ب֪Ȼٶġ¡
ˣˣ
֪ˣùˣһоȥɣ
بڻع񣬰˰֣ٶ˵
Ȼ뿪֮鶼źˣôòġ

ͬʱʦ֮УҰ⣬Ļ̵̻ʱ򣬾ҵһľ㣬Ϣ鷿ȴһƬ̴Ļľܣ÷أðĺ¯ټһĵŮӡһĸ壬ķ籩ȫ⡣
ٵ鷿
뿪֮󣬸ָҵĵͶٵ鷿̣УУ̡ܣ漰ǧҽ̡̣ĸңʮССУУ漰ʮ˵ȫѻ
󵽺͸ҵලС̡﹤˹ʵķšеȫѻٵͷ
ȫصʳת˵ϣһ򵥵飬ҪǢ̫̫ˡڳ͢棬ⶼҪʡٸţһͬЭġЩȫ㼯
鷿ĵϣһƬҡ
ٵͷȴԶһƬ롣еİĵű࣬ŵ룬Ȼ
еĵڣȫ򵥣Чڼķʽһһ
ϸȥ֣ᷢٵİͷԶͬʱŷŰ˷ϵİͬʱ
ĿһĶԶ˻ѣԲŮƣս˵ʲô⡣
οұǺң


520 ͻı꣡
еıּֿƺеĴѴУû˿ĳɡ侲ǣʼձһݵʹݣƺûʲôѵס
֪ôˣ
֪ˣͻȻĵ̾Ϣһһ̧Ͷ˱硣
ֹԺһ棬ٴ£һһĸòͷӦҪ󡣰Ӧöһ֮ǣǲ֪Ϊʲôϵ״Լʱٵگ˹оһƬҡ
ڤڤУ뿪һ죬Լ˵ĸ֣
㣡
ĸ֣˵ޱȡ
һɲǣٿȻȻӰҸִɽϱ£ʧϵķһɲǣѾʲôȴѡ뿪û˿ԥͬһֻɶ˻֮С
һ̣۾ǰδеĴ
ٵУһֱǸ˽󣬲֪ôƲˣԸͬʱֻ֪һԼԵļһٵһμϵһ棬һڹԼ
һ˵ˡ
ҪΣԲҪ
ŤͷĿӹӣǽϵһŵͼǸͼϣǩ۵ı־żطͼ֮ǰµģ֮⣬ҲֻٲǼǵĵطʲô
е̶ӡӡնȫѾǵҵ̶Ӷ˵еطϵЩ壬šһУһдľɲңҲֻˡսߣʳеĶѾ
԰ټƵ̶ӣ飬һ㣬ҹҹͣӿȥʱ㣬һӦҲѾָĵصɡ
ģֻܿԼˣ
һعͷϵĵ

۹ϣһƬ
յŷɽĲҶ쳹ٵ
棡ʱ죬ܰʱִĿĵأֱĨɱʧܣ
棡϶ִˣ۳ʮ
棡뾡ٶȣÿСʱڶʮÿһʱ۳ʮ㣡
棡
һ»һԺз££һƽʱ򣬵ֻ֪һԶˡڶ̶̵ļ֮ڣͱ۳˰ʮ㡣˻ܰ³˰˳ǣͨµĹذ˵ȴӿ
岻ʨӳǵ׷ʲôм̵ĳǳعأΪʲô̶ʱڻ۳Լ˶㡣ϵĴڲ϶񻯣ԺвϿ۳һлԶڡ
֮ʯڲϵսѹ
Ǵʱ˿̣嵣ĵĻԶԼʨӳİ϶
Ѿϣһлü
а
еĿģΪ˱ȫԼΪȵ۹ϵİ϶϶һҲʧȥˡ
ȫǰ
һӳȼǰȥ
ʮگͶʮ˹ؾӾһɽصѹĿڣԽϷԽķ򣬾ζžΣպһǰڵļʤ̣ζŴĸƣζŸѹ
ⳡǧļоǼ򵥵ľԮһСģگ˷֣һʱ񼦵һʱᱻ÷顣

֪ܲʲôʱһɴϷдŨҵѪζսζ
Ѿ̫Զˡ
ͣ½Ųϣ̧ͷһաƵʹһͬһˣгһɳƵζʲôʱϯһ㡣
Ǳζ
Ҫˣ
գ
Ϣİû⣬ϷƽԭѾӭһ꣬ⳡϮ
ˣֵǶͦסˣҪҪԭؾ͵Ϣһ
һ˳˼ʱ򣬶ͻȻһյУƽξӺ˹
ˣֵѾ˺ü·ˡ֪Уû㹻ϢҵֵǾϵ˶ƽԭҲﲻʲô
Ҿ֣ͷ
˵ǣֵȷʵҪϢˡ
ƽһҲŵ
еսʿǵ͵ߣͨ˿϶ҪǿܶࡣǿҲǸֽģô죬Ǵ£ˡͷһۣͳͳ¶⡣ǺΣյġ
һϣλξȻһ¡
УڻϢʱ򣡡
ͷһۣնɵ
ȷʵһ㲻֪ڸϢʱ˵Ǳģսϲܵ˳ԱˣϢȥսսƴľζšԭһսϼ켸ҹûϢսǡ
ѵһʱԼˣ
ڵĵĲǴϢϢ£Ǵʱ㣬ʨӳƾǽˡ϶ȫûˣҾϢˣҲûκεˡ
¡
廰û˵꣬ͻȻ¡¡һӹϿգһ֮зڲݣžһһŻƶӿ£ϡͷʶĨϵ飬һԵƽҲסͣʶա
⻹ĵһꡣ
žգžգ
ʼֻǵ飬ԽԽ࣬ԽԽֻգ۵ʱ䣬ǵصĴպХ¡ܼϵϣגּϵĽͬһ㡣
ˣ
һһսʿ̧ͷŴգ˶סˡ
ⳡԲ˵Ԥ֮У˭Ҳ֪ⳡζʲô
壬ƽ˶סˡ
꣬꣬죬죬ơ
գڤڤһӹԺһķ·ʲô
ƽֻһӵʱϢӥԾ䣬Ǵȫ
ǣˣ
¡¡
ս¡¡ܶ˻ûзӦ壬ӥԾ䣬ʹʣµĶǧͬһһ㣬֮Уֻһʧ
ŸʲôûԭϢԵʱ׼
˰ΣͻȻعͷ
Ȼ֪ʲô£ǿɫ仯һǿԿ϶ġǾһʲô
Ȼڻס

žգ
ĴУǧһмۡеҪҡ
죡
ʱ䣡
һֱΪʲô֮ʯҪ޶Լ֮ڣϵʨӳǰ֮ˣֱ忴һĴꡣû⣬սֽڽ췢ҵı仯ʨӳƣǰ϶ڽͻΧ
磬ؼһƬĿҲòǺС
ʮ⣬ֱ治ɽ·ˡ
϶ҪͻΧһõĻᣡ
ǵʳѾˣ
ͰԺһͷ
ʨӳǳǳؼ̣ʳʳľʨӳǾ԰϶һҪͻΧͨһģسܹ֮Բ뿪ҪôľͻΧǡ
һ⻮Ժ˸Ϻʹ
ֻͨһˣǾԲͻΧġǰ϶лиϣԼ;ȻͬرǴȻΪƵ۹һ֮㣬Ϊ˭Ҳ˵ʲô
ʵıԺͱ裬һֱŴĵһ
ͨ絨ϸԸӸðպͽȡǾóġⳡţĴ꣬޶ڴ͡
ǳƣǳƣͻΧ
ܵĻмޱȡ
ӥӥ·⣬һֻӥʱ׼춼ξǣ
ͻȻڵ
Ѿȫ͸ˮӿ׵ķ϶ӿȥȻٴķ϶ѥ涼ĻˮѾȻˡ
ݣ
һǰȥͬʱণֻӥбĻһɳ죬һֻϣһֻѸٵʧĻ֮С

Զ벻ʨӳǵͻΧԶĻҪö࣡
գ
磬һ󼱴ٵĻдֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һ˹صĳ˻ص
ô
Ŀ磬ɨ˹Χˮܼеˮʮɿ⣬㱻һſȫ俪ȥصĽڻһƬꡣ
ˣмˣ϶ûдųȥǸ˳ȥֻʮƾѣ
ˮ۾ӸҲ
⣬ˮ̫ǻвֵڴ׷ˣ
ʣ
شŭ
ɫһϣͷ˵ˡ
ˣˣ
߼ûȻطŭתۼһ˹ûȻؿڣͽ
ûзִƴɲӵټ
ţϳһȫûзƾټ˹صĴ·ĸ׷Ȼȫûƾټ
쵰
صɫѿޱȡö룬ȫԿ϶ԼϷˣˡͨǾ벻ƻĴţȻɱӳгȥƵԼò·Ҳûغ³ô꣬µĲˡ
ˣûпܣƾʵڳ
һ˹ؾ̽С
û˵ֻǵһۡ˹ʿɫһϣ֪Լ˵ˡ϶ڳУô󿪳ţڿҾѰ·
޸أĴûг𣿡
ǿŭ
گʮӣϣ϶ͣҲһܲˡ
شˣگ˵ĴһƬҡ˵ⳡӰǻگĹϣʾ׷϶Ҫˣ

û˵ΧһƬţֻдžžлȭͷ
ؼʱ̣گʮȻһָϡ
ָˡ޷û˵ڴ磬衣گԲΪϵŢȷʵԹ˲覣׷󡣡
ʱһԱߴ͸һΰͬˮأܹƽеķŭ
ܹ˵ⷭģʱҲֻ˹ص۹ϵĴˡ
ʱΪگ˵𣿡

佫ԷȻگҪ˹ؽˣҪ˹صҪʾԼŵ
Ϊ˵ⳡȷʵȫǵļƻ
˰ɫȣããһƬܼĻиһ˿ɡͰ϶һֻҪٽЩо˹ؾǴȫʤӴԺ󣬼ʮƶ϶˹࿹⡣
һ꣬һϵˮӣҲ̣ļƻ
ͨû͵ģʨӳ˾ϵģҲֻϸˣ
˵󣬴ӹһĨĹâ
ǧ֣


521 ۹ϣеս
ϸڴԶûǵүӾŹΪ࣬ǳʵս֮ıùؼ汸ȻȱһЩͨȴиɻΧô죬ٳûʲôջͳ

ƾټڳǶͳ֮䣬ִƬǽƿڡƿբ淢ִӡ
˵ʱͻȻ֮һ󼱴ٵɽˮУһ˹صľＱٴٵĳ˹ûͣ£һ£ڵϣż
ˣ
ɲǼ䣬ΧһƬžǻأǴޣͳͳ˳Ĭʮ·ĸĳ׷ȫûС϶ȻǴһǽܵģ˶û뵽ġ
ʣǱݺݵˣһʣ
֮
ǹ޻̧ͷǰԶΡȻʵĳǳؼӰԺһͷʵĵĳǽаһբţѾս޹ˣǳǳؽʦĽʨӳɴƻʹĽʦ֮һֽ죬Ѿʲôˡ
ԭƻ˲żüð
ĸпΪжһҲ˲֮ʢ֮ʢȷʵ˹ؿԱġ
ֻϧҲûһôһٸһɣأͽˣ
ֻЦһû˵
ⳡǵأȷʵΪ϶ṩѵڻǣȫûа취ƾͻΧʱ䣬ο֮еô϶Ϊô׾ѣľǴشˡ
ǹسǳأܹ죬ǾȻ뵽ܣѰ·ˣŽǣټ
һ˦磬ֱƿĻȥ
أ
뿪ãƽԭһĺŽͨĺŽȫܼͬĻҲ޷赲Ž˷׶ɢ˹ٴηӿ
ƾټ
ʱһϴϵϢȻһ䣬һŵ׷֮չ

ͬʱƽԭңԶһˣҲеһΣ
棡ûеִĿĵءʨӳǾ볬һ
棬вʱʱ䣡
棬񼴽ʧܣ
ʮδ񣬼Ĩɱʱ504948

ǰڵٶȣҪڶ̶ʱڵִﵽʨӳǰ֮ڣȻǸ޵񡣶ǵصıͬ˲ٵ
㣡
磬ĿҲѾ޷ıбϷˡΨһݵľǿоӥļড
ݣ
һ۵糸ǰȥ
ǰѾ˵ĺ⣬еľͬϵı궼дһ˸Ѫ⣬ģ֪Ѿ˹ؼʱڹ涨ʱڵĿĵأȴĽ
֮ʯ鵽ڻһܣԼߵӥ֪Ϊʲôƴ
403938
֮ʯǱģ˿ϵڶ𡣲Ȼ侲µӸû˿עǰһȦŨѪߡ
һٹǵӦþǱ߽ˡұþĸϵ
Ժд˷˲Ϣͷ
ưôХڿһ㣬ˣ⻷Ѿݷ˼£һһ⻷ѣΧˮòⱬݣ彫ڴ߷˼¡
СܲӹһپͿˣ
ϣİڵĲС磬ߣǻһƬȻܿ⣬ҲܿԼı߽磬ȫ޷ж߽ľ롣ʱ˿̣һֻܼϣڰڡ

ս˻ʯһ㣬ƺ˼ȫ£еļ⣬ȻѾﵽߵٶڼܵ¾ȻӲٴһͷ·𼤷ڲصǱһ
䣡
̤Ţ֮нһ٣ϣԸоƴȫÿһ鼡⣬ÿһͷڱǱȻΣջûн
15141312
ڼˮûмԽŨˡʼʱ廹ܿʮ׿ĳڣѾˡⳡ÷ĴԶĻҪĶࡣ£жȫʧ顣
û㹻Ĳοû취жԼһǿԿ϶ģǾԼȦ޴ĺɫԽԽŨҡʣԼ֮ľ
Сڣֻܿˣ
ȫŰڵĶ䣬
ʱʲôҲˡ书ҲܱԵİܵû졣
7654
̶һɲǣͻȻڸобޱȵÿһ붼Ƭϡ忴Ȧ޴Ļκ⣬âѾŨҵ˼¡ȻӸожϣٻʮס
ˣ
ҧݡʮ׵ľԲ㳤ʱȴҪ顣ʮףб˼㡣ڵٶȴﵽ㣬ٿˡ
Ĩɱʱ321
Դӵõ֮ʯһθо֮ʯȻԼһĻᣬҲͬʱһεԼĲϡ
Сڣܲܳɹڴһˣ
ʯ֮䣬룬еע˿µİڡ
䣡
ڤڤ֮УƺҲоʲô֮ʱʱһ̣˫һ̤ͻȻ֮ڿնһڵһ֮С
ϣ
ս˻ҹлصսڿյһɲǣһӰɶ𣬵˳ȥ
һɲǣƴе
ڴһˣ
ݺݵսȭͷʱҲ·Ķһ̡
ϲ׼ʱĿĵأĨɱͷһ׶200㣬֮󷢷ţ
·ֻһɲǵʱ䣬ַ·֮ͣʯΥԺĶȴĲͬ¡ʱָڿһڣǰϡ
գ
峤ĳһѡոһɲһԼû֪Ѿצһᡣ
ӣ
һϤ֧ķӥһƥӺɫֵֹġȻǰȷʵǽոյıҲʵ̫ˡʵǲĸ·
ǷʲôԼ֪Ķ
ӣû°ɣ
ӥŵֹ
ҡҡͷҪش𣬶ͻȻһ߿ļড
ˣǰ淢ֵС
ӥû˵꣬оʹһ޴Ĺˣÿһޱȣͬû˵һͬһʱ䣬飬ҲԶһ޵ĺɱǺɱһ˵ǳǧź
һ˲䣬ӥ˶ɫѾò˵ȥˡ

һӣ˵ӥҵפԼߵЩľһðű꣬źɱķȥ
أ
ڱ۵Ḷ́ԶţʮֻţǺųһţ궼޷赲
˹ص
£Ҳֻ˹زŴΧʹضţΪսŽˣ


522 ңΣ
ˣ
ٵս쳹أصڷԲ֮ڣ㱩궼޷赲ĴϣΧһɫɽͣһ׳սڽšսһãã޺Ĳһ׺͵
սɱϣнĴһƬһ˵޵ģǵǧһź˺ɱʱͱ궼޷ڸǡ
ΧסǣһҪܣ

ܼıУһŰ˹ؽתͷȡΧ˹һƬңŢĵΣɵĻʹ˹ԶƽγǿС
ˣ˹ؽ컹֯ȫ
˹Ӱ죬ԴδؾûӰ죬ٰ϶ξδиɻΣڶ϶޵ѵʱ
ϣϣϣǵо䴩ǵΣ˾·һ
˹ؽ첻ָͣսʿͣϳȥҲû֣ھ̫ԶĵطӰһƬͰ¡һԴԣһشص۹ϳĹľɹĽ
˵һμּսɽΧ˹شȻЩɢңȫûзӳʵǳ֮࣬ģĻֵȫ޷ˡ
һǿȷˣĻе˹شԱĻҪöࡣ
һԮʱǣ·һ
ڣ˹˵עɽϵİ϶ûĶܼĻҲṩõڻ
ˣô죿
ӥ߰Ľ
£ǳʨӳİ϶ġڣ϶ͽɽмֻһ˹˵ǽһǽȴͬһ߲ʵıһ㣬بǰ
𼱣
˰֣ѹĿͬӥһ͸ľķ϶˹شռݸߵ㣬ݵعأصԢڹأʹ߻󷨣Ǵ硣
׾ûôͨس֮
ԼļˣϤˡ
϶ĺԮͬЩפϵĵ۹Ȼǲ䣬սԶͨʿⳡսɱ¾ܻĶǾеľһʱᣬ⡣

³ųϡ۹֮˵ģؼͨس֮ڶƽԭֵطûгǳؼأگʮƴսȫԶ̻϶Ǳ˲ٱ
Щǵ۹ϣҲսĹؼ
ֻܱӣ°϶ҪΪ۹ʷϵһΪսܶóĶˡҪǣἤķĶԸƣ֮ģ
Բ̵ġ
ҵˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬۾һĿ͸Ļɽһ˴졣ȻУģģ廹һ۷ֱ˳Ǵˮ죡
̫ˣ
һӺݺݵסȭͷмѡ
ֵܴ󣬴Сʱ򣬾Ͳξȥˡڴļ䣬һǺܺõģһͶýȻͬǵ͵ֳ֣֮Сһ򶼺ܰ
ʱҲսϺʹֵ꣬һ𲢼սû뵽ʵˡ
أҪͻķûôסùҹԢأϵ軹ڸ֮ϡϣһһأˣ˹˾ڶҲ׵óѣ
ɽķа˲١
֮սĵһش죬ʮ϶սǵ۹ʹں֮ǰѾѸϡɵ˿ϱ߾ĵطһжáи׺ʹ츳ͨĸ̶ʱڣǻغʹҲκΡ
ߣӥŪ˹صĿ׹
ĿעǰҵսͻȻͷҲص
ǣӣ
ӥʶӦһͻȻವһǰľҡͷһˮǰѾʧȥӰ
ӣ
ӥʧɫˡŷӦȻ˵Ū׹û˵ԼҪԼȥŪסʯ䣬ӥһֻۣһͰӰſڵϣһ㻬ֻһƿʧǰ
ֵֻӣȫһ࣬һӥ̵ӡ
ʲôʱѧֹ򣿡
ӥģȫӦĹҲһʩչ룬ӥһݣҲڱεٵĻ˳ȥ˸Ѹٵʧ
飡
ɵУ죬ںƴսУ΢ţܿͱѹȥֻһĹӥʹ˼˹صĿ׻Ѽ棬ܿ죬˸ͷ棬αװ˹˻ɵ֮С
˵ͷĻ֮пٴûоκΡ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Ѿɽ͸˱顣
˹ûжʮӦ߰ңҲûиܵʥ侳ǿߵϢغʹӦòڡֻ˹˵һͷλ
ɫƽ֮˲Ϣ֮ӹͷ
ԭأ˹ذϵغʹ޵׹һ˹صϵʹ³ĵ۹ͻҲòȡķزԡڵ۹ǰڣ˾ڴܱǿ֮мԺյĴڡ
ǰǽ嶼ûмǡ
ȻҲսĳ棬Ƕڴ˿̵壬Լ϶˵õϢ
Χ˰϶غʹûɲһڸ;УΪ߲ѣ׷·߳ƫһµľ涼̫뾡ƾ棡
а
䣡
˼ʱ򣬶ͻȻһɧҵɽͶϣһƾͻȻһҡ·о仯ǿȻܿͱǶƾȦȴǳԣ
һ÷ˣ
дһﾫӢ
ƥⳡϾǰûʲô߹Ӷ֣еֻǵˡȻߵ˶һȴһɵ˼ûСĿƣɽһشӰ˸Ķܹ⣬üͷ

ɽƾԳһ˿ЭոճֵľҲûϢԽơʲôʿ⣬Ӳ˹صĹ̫ͣսָӳ⡣ʱҲͰˣʱҪġ
սɽķΧսָӳ⣬˵
һɲǣһǿҵĲ


523 ңΣ
ϣҶ룬ϣҶ롭
ɽüֱֻϣһԼĶġ
ͣ
ֻҪɽͣǾ֤ԼĲ²Ǵˡ٣ֻһʱ
һ룬룬롭
ɽȻάŻս󣬵εȴϵӡ֮ǰȣеԽԽˡ
ˣ
սϵţ߲ϵı˺Уڽȥһƾϵĵ£ߣķ൱졣

һ¾ӥüͷȻô֪ƶϳսָӳ⣬Ҳжϳ֧Ųסôܿ죬ս߽ᲨԶΪͻƿڣ˹˽ѸٵĻ϶дľӳ׵Ľˡ
أ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ͻȻ֮䣬һر˹غŽĻźŽ˹˵ĹѸٵĳ˱仯ͬӿ˹˵￪ʼŶƶԽԽӿ
ã
˹ݵı仯ɫ䡣ԷĽԶԼĴŽǷǸо˶ı仯ָӴӿһ˹˼ϣķͻ᳹׵ܡ
䣡
ԥںŽͬʱͻȻһսǰȥ
ӥþӥָƽǴ̸עΣҪжһҺ£ˣ
δ䣬Ѿʧڷ֮С

ڼңƴ󣬹ģӴʮ˲μӵļսУսۣҲ΢

ưõĴУһĲҽУһƲܲһìǰ룬󱳴ͬһʱ䣬ﬣƵýڽں˵Ķܱں󳷵ĹоȻһײһ˵һͶȫʧȥƽ⡣
ڼҵսϣʧġ
һҽУһ˹䵶ȮѸٵƶֻܱǲҽһ㱻˹䵶նΡ
սΣҲԼλãܱоͬŵ֧֡
ԽԽʧȥӦӡ
ÿһ̶д
ͦס
ζͻǵķߣ
أأΪʲô˻û
ҶסֵܾҪ˹˴ͻƣǾǰ϶ˣ
٣ȥʾˣ

һս⻷ˮ𵴣ɽƾУһΪ׵ƾ۾˻ߡ󣬽˹صǶΪģĴս˵΢
ҪˣҾҪ˶ʱ䣡
һ뵽㣬Ϊ׵ƾ켱ŶҪըˡôЩ죬Ѿֵ̫̫ˡ϶ľ񣬻ԼߵֵܣһĵȥƽԴȫǵǵѪ
Ѿ̫̫ˣ
Բٶˣ
һֱļ֧
ɽϷ飬ôҲסͷһۣǾ޴ĻɽƮ£Ƶ۹֮һƽսףڵϣͷһƺ˳˼һ
ˣ
Ϊ׵ƾͷôȻһƴȫĴûʹĺɱСڴУеᱻɢܴԶ
ˣ
ӵ˹˵ĹԼαӣɽԽԽ˹ӿĿʮĵطһ˹ǿ˺ѣһɲΪ׵ƾиֳɫ
ˣ
ˣ
ôѪͻΧôʱ䣬ѵҪȫûڴ

Ϊ׵ƾлҰоҪʱ򣬶ͻȻһϣ䣡Ŀһƥ߸Ծ𣬾ȻһշԽƾΡ
ǰʮܱ󣡳ǹϣ׼оϸȫ
һʵͷϷ͸һĵ
Сģ˹ˣ
ͻȻе
ʣ˹˻˵𣿶һһ
Ϊ׵ƾȳ⡣
Ȼʱִ٣ûа취϶ԷݡһԿ϶ģԷʲôǣǲ˹ˡ
˹˺ٻ˵ԣѧˣҲŨҵĸԭβ˵ġ
οƥô˹ص
գ
Էȥƿ죬ֻһʧĻ֮С
˵˭
Ϊ׵ƾԺһͷǺܿˡ
ǰʮܱ󣡳ǹϣ׼оϸȫ
ʧ֮󲻾ãΪ׵ƾ콫ĸոյһֲظˡڵѾ˲ôˣֻһˡ
¡
ܱ󣬹ֹ
еһжڶ̶ʱɣԭҵģЩãȻ޴Ĵڶ̶ʱѸٻָ򶨡ԷΪְսָӲͨʿܹԵģҲóġʽûʱ򣬾Ҳš
һʿһ𣬾ͻһܵһΪһĿĶ¡¡ת
Σʱˣ˹شȴһ˿ҡ
ǧĸĵطǡǡ˹ؾɢĵط
Ǹһﵽʲôˣ
Ϊ׵ƾ쿴һĻԽľˡ

ս¡¡ΪԣٶȻԾĸ߶ȶԶԶĳԽͨսأȥе˹ؿסʱαװѾûˣ𲻱Ҫ鷳
ڴˣÿ
ȫȫʪ͸ͷҲڶͷճճģˮ·ϪһӶͷ£Ǽ⣬촽򥡭һ们µİϣһ׹ڵϡ彫Ƹ߾Унɫçһ泯⣬㳯ɽ˵ķȥ
ĲѸٵķãϵΣ˷׷˱ܣóһͨ
ոյĲԣֻܰʱȶߡ˹ٻʮϵĴûгʱȣþܵ취һ㣡
ҽгһĽƸС
һ˵ʵվ޵ģǲΣȻѾⳡɼսȻϲѾһθı۹˵Ļᣬ;Բ״
ݣ
Ŀᶨһ͵һԾ߸Խһ޴ʯɽϼȥ
ʲôˣվס
Ҫɽ˧ʵʱͻȻ֮һȴ֪ʲôʱһ׳˶ɽ͵ĺӣȫװһľ޵ңң׼塣
ңˮĴϣûпķѡ
ڶԷϣоһ쳣ǿϢ


524 ΣԲѵ
ûиܵϢԷĵޱߣɽѹȴֺеһ㡣
һɲǣһָоԼĴ𰸲öԷĻֻһ˲䣬ԷͻὫԼ롣
ÿµĸ֣
һݣҪԼݡһ̣оһȻͬľϲ
үô㣿ô
ﬣûзӦоһĽֽһ㾶ֱǰѳ˽֮С
ǣ
Ծɣһ죬׳˶ɽͰĺ͵һ֣ժͷ­ҡҡͷ¶һ룬Ŀоâס
壡
о˳
׳ǱˣǸߵһϲΪıǸߵĸ˵Ӹʱʼ͸ˡĸΪ˿̣¼ϣƽʱ׶뾩
ҵЩҲսˣûа취ٴβμսˡһ·ı£е˸Сˣ
ֻʱһΡ
Ҳһζѡ
ˣڸ׽ϲӡȴǳáʱ򣬻ﵽͷϡʱ׶ʲôߣԵʱõһֻʱĵһߣӡ
ȻҪǣǵã׵ϲܶǰͱɵ˴ߡ֮ôһȥǸ´üԼӰ죬ھиȹϵȥලġ
ȻԼʵ֤Լ֤ԼӰ죬һҲԴﵽܸߵ裬ԳҲͳ׳˴ߵĲˡ
ү㲻ھʦΪʲô
Ｘȥһס壬ֽţֽ
ɲʲôϷˣӵĵطôܵˣǷ𣿡
ʵ̫ˣ
ѾʲôϲǾˣսѾһ֮أƬ򣬲֪˶ٰ϶ǵҲ˲١ʮگʮ˹شֱѹ˴ˡ
ÿ춼ıԵϣ˭֪ܲܰһ٣˭Ҳ֪Լʲôʱȥ
ѾˣǳôҲû뵽Ȼʱִһַʽ
ӣ̫ˣ
ɸֵ
壬ûʱ˵ˡΪʲôָˣ׳ʲô£
һ磬Ӳİ˳ֱۣǵŻƽս׵ӰȥǸ˴ǴıǣʣƬɽҲǴΪס
硭
޴ڷƮҡ紵򣬷žžµǵƽͺûĶһ߹ȥб粽һƣʶİ˵ļ򣬵һ̣ȻֹſµǵӰһסˡ
µӰźᣬԲʮ꣬Ȼοźʹ񣬵ȷԲԼĴ
㲻Ҵ磬˭Ҵأ
Ƭ̵ĳĬ֮嶸һһѾסµ½
ǴľӣҵҲǴս죬ͷȴǴ硣ôƬ̵ʱ䣬ԺһƬհףȫ׷ʲôôһɲǣвһּȲĸо
ʨӳǵս˽µʱ䣬ôʱѵʲô£ֻεĴͻΧʵûܹɹͻΧʯͷԺӹ弫ȱ򶨣԰׵ɫȴй¶ʵ뷨
û£үͲҪΪˡϴӿ׵ģ
ڴʱһ̤Ųӣɫص˹
үǸʵҲ
ӳ֮ɫ۵ӰҲͷɫ΢΢ЩΣҲЩţܿͻظֻɫЩΪѣ֪߻Ǹ
⣬ҪھδȣûҵԲһ¡
ƺ֪˵뷨һָ
ǣˡ
˻ȥһ
壬ô£
ĿڳϣĿޱȡ
үɣ
̾Ϣһûж˵ֻǳ˸ƣȻתȥתɽһɫĴϡɽֻôһ˧ʣɫķٷдžž졣
ΪˢһţͷˮԵʣûһˮܹν
ɫ˧ڣһλϳϡĶ̺ٿɣ촽΢͸һ俢㡢ϵ꣬˫գڴһΧױţĿǵǡ
磡
̤˧ʣʵ꣬͵ĳ˹ȥ
ô⵽ô£
˫Ŵ֣ĿȴŤͷĳ
ӡУһֱּ㣬оϵĴڡԶԥɣ·ԶûʲôܹסĶһԴСʱͶ缫ľ
棬ѵĶǰʱҲܶࡣ
˵縸ӡУӡ֡
һȴȫͬ
ûмӣƣֻƱޱȡɫֽҲǳ࣬١бǣһ顣
ʲô

̾Ϣһ΢΢ͷŰɫʶĿ¶ɫ
鶼һˣҲûбҪˣڻԲѡҲûоҽҽҲβĲڣҲ޲ߣ
ʲô˰Ҵ˵ģ
ȭͷ죬۾
ֵģϣģҲӵģǸĸֳãһˡΣԼܵơ
ǻµĽ޽˹ޣҲ˹ذϵڶͽӴʨӳͻΧʱܵ˹޵׷Ϊڻӭս˹ˡ
˶٣Ƴһ۴ݵţŵ
˵ģǻأʨӳפʮ죬ӱˣֻһֱˣҲںͽ˹޵սˡӼ˰ʱվֲȥƷ赹˹ȥǰûָӣΪ˲ʹĻɢҲ˸κʹƵʿ˴ӵĿףפء
ֻҪӻڣľڡĻң

ֻʨʹˣˣŻֻеĴζʲôگ˹صڴƣ£أزΨһѡ񡣶յĽ
ܶʱ򣬻ûеȵյĽֵѹֵվѾ´սˡ
ʨӳǵƾ֮ڶûֵڣԼĵ˻ʢĶ־ΨһԭǴ
ͨԼϵͬΨһڳǳطвָӴĴڡڵʱǱأȴפصʱǳеƾÿһʱ䶼ɱگˡ˹ˡ
ΪĴڣʨӳؾŲһֱ򣬲һֱȶʿս⣬Ҳ˹غگй˼ɣ̫
һͨĸϣġ


525 򶨾ģ
û˵ȫעڴϡȻҽˣ黹ڡ
ңڸܴأ̸Ѩˣŷ棬ֻƤˣ̫ؼǻڵ
Ժд˷¶һĨǡ
ֵһǻصģһȻǽ޽˹޵ġ
˹޵ԵͣǺͻȻǲ˲١ʱϻأʲô£ӵһѾǲˡ
أء
١
ںֹۣܲеľѧǳ˹شѩɽԭɽȻͬܰɡһ㣬¾Աߵĳﶼδס
ڵ۹ϣ˹صսУ֪ٽڻصְһ֪˻࣬δͲʲôˡ
а취ģһа취ġ
ͷ˲ϢͷҪ˹شѩɽͱ֪ǵ·Ϊû֪ȴڴС
ˣأȪ⡭
ͻȻ֮䣬һ׹
ಣ
û˿ԥָ罣ָⷢһϸСĽ˴ءȪѨΪûи룬ϸСĽˣȥѪ
ү
ͻȻóһ
ˮûŪˮ
ûĳͷҲ
ɫ͡Ҫֹģ֪ΪʲôǼᶨ˵ֹĻˡ
ˮ
ִ죬ȱľˮˡˮӻȡŽװŵģĴָСԲγεҩˮιȥ
ܲܳɹͿŵҩˡ
忴Ŵ԰׵ɫа
֮սɵĴˣʲôҩֹܹ˵ġҲʲôɢϸ֮ҩܹƵ˵ġŵҩǳԹ͢ĴʦȼߡŵҩƽǹӻԼõġ
˵򣬸ҵǶ޸á
Ҳð˺ܴķգЩ͢ʦ⼸šǱҩЧڵʦа˷ʳĵҩ֮ϡ屾׼պԼõģʱѾ˲ôˡ
ŵҩȥĺԺ࣬ԭ԰ɫҲһЩѪɫһĻԭҪ˵ȥĻ˻㷴ӦҲ׹ˣķȷʵá
úչ˴磡
һ˦˧˳ȥ
ǱѾ˹͢ʥҩһʱǲµġ֮ҪΣ

Ӫ⣬£ûһļơ
Ŀӥ㲻ͣѲأԼûзһε˵ɢΧ˵ĴһʶĵͷһĪľη
壬ҴԵ£֪𣿡
ĽŲͷҲص
ûС
ҡҡͷ
ǲϣܲ˹ˡټ˹һֻںҧԿԲߵɽүʹӾ;ɽΪݣߣ˹չսɽ͵̫㣬ү˶ķߣӸ
ڶڽأ
ʵ
⡭ûпͨˡˮ̫ˣ˹߶˲ˣҲͬ߶˲ˡǿºͨʱʧȥϵ

ͻΧûд۵ģôһѣһоȻ򣬲κεĻҸô򵥵¡
Ȼ
֣̲ͨסüͷܿͻָ
ѿ¸ң
ĿɨԶȡʿ䣬ͻȻǰ
ڿʼָӣ
ү
ڲ۵ʱ򣡡
˰ֱ֣ȡеƽƣ߸߾ڿУɵ
ƣƢ㲻Ϊһưɣңɱϣ˹صѵҲΪǼֱ¾ܰ쵽֪ɻ󣬵ڲ̸ʱ򡣡
ʱ˵ˡ
ȷʵŻӡôףҲǳ֮ңٻᶮЩ֮οһ˵ûھ֮ǹ˽һƣһôһôɡ
ҲһǾʺôǽΪ졣
ûУѿ£
ͻȻָŻƽ׵ʿ
ϣүǶԵİɣ
а
ʱҲֻҽˡ֮жսָ֮֮٣ܹﵽֵزĸǾ޽СҪȻҲ˸װӣȴʲôҲˡ
ʲôû˵ڸûгôͷ֮ǸϽǰⳡս
ܹжˣ
һ˵ţһѸٵĴס
ûйƣΪɢ˲ˡӦҡͨ

˹жˣ˹ˣûگˣ
ٴε
Ӧ߰ҡگʱûпگԲΪѵ滹ȲǡҪִиǣگʮı뱣ܡԴҲ˵ʱҪԵӦýֻ˹ˡگ̫ӷ٤ҲһӼǧ˵׷ǵĶУ
ͷ˼Լû֣ڲ֪УƺѾȫĽɫҰɴӣȡȫָȨ
٤졪
۾΢УĿ˶٣ͻȻñࡣ
گ۹ķʢ̶ȾԱȲϴƣƿڰͥ¤ͬʱദͬʱӦܱߵеˡҪǻگǾġ㵽ΪֹگԸҲֻһĵ۹ѡ
һһ磬ǿ֪
گҲԶԶȲϴơҺʹƲͬگֻ٤֮һ
С̫ӻӹѧӡͬ٤گ۹ʷе̫ӣһı֡گ۹ΪƵķһֱ̫볯Ϊʵϰߡ
ֻڴƲʶѡ
׹У̫ҪȥΪʣһ˶ǲԸȥġǷ٤첻ͬԸȥơСͶԴƳȴ
Ϊ̫ӣ٤еڷܣսԣѧԼҵģģеĶ٤춼ǿҵĺġڵ۶ΪʵǶʱ䣬٤ڷܲѧʦΪ֮̾ѣʥ飬ҪΪ٤Ƽһְٰڴƣ볯͢
ԴƵĹƴѾǺܲˡ
Ƿ٤ԥľ;ܾˡ
٤¸ǵھʦ֮жպȫǾʦ̳ļӡگ壬ʥʹͣѧѧǳ֮࣬һдͨ˽ӴԴڳɳٶԶǳ˿ɱȡ
ھʦ֮У̫ٱöмӣ˫ȫǴ֮ţ츳֮߾Ϳ֪
ͺܶĲͬ٤Ŀʼնȷ
ҪӴѧ׳گ
Һ͸׸޷ȣ٤ҪӵҰġᣬգ츳ˣѧϰսԣùõĴڣܹƻҵ书壬Դã٤Ŀ꣬׳گ֮󳹵׵İѴơ
һεĽƣɡ٤گȷͳ˧گĴ󽫶θȫһ𣬳ΪگѼ⵶ݺݵĲϵ֮С
Ƶһĵй̫ӣΪ۹ɥӵˣ


526 ӹܴ㵵ĳˣ
٤죬ߣӦٴﵽ侳ߵľɣ
а
뵱٤뾩ΪѾȥܶˣڵķ٤ֻ¾ﲻ۹ǸҲ̫Զġսǵ飬ҪȻһ˾ͳһˡ
٤Ҳùܣҵĺеټ
˰֣ɵ
еѴǰ߷ϣȫٻһǰߵͻԽˣ
ЩԾ
ܲô࣬˵
ն
⡭ǣ
ͷʹһʱûôѱǺ˵ʱ򣬲֪ǲ򶨣ŵӰ죬﷢ԼȻԾİ˼άȥ˼ˡ
⣬йֳһҺ£

Ŀڣ·𿴵ʱյɵĻ޷赲סߡ֮һ˵սһǧǲͬģһǧ˵սһǲͬģһսսǲͬġ
϶ǵ۹ľܹⳡĸǾеľı˵Ѿ㹻ԼһչһЩˡ
˹ߣڹ֮ƻһ˭׷ɱδ֪أ
ɽɽҰƾ˵˹ؾӣЦ
ݹ⻷мݹ⻷˼ɵĸ߼ݹ⻷ټϱİףľ֮ǰһԮϣ·һսԽ࣬Խ
ʱ˿̣վɽͶˣ岢ûиоֻ˹ռʲôơ
ǳģмģǸ߼ıݹ⻷ڰ϶ǰӲʲôáĿһɫ佫⻷УЩѤõĹ⻷ϵɢһЩ⻷չӵ
˹˵ĺ٣϶е佫ࡣ
ڵ۹ִ˼ʮϰ꣬˫ľѶڶԷսսԼս⻷ϤѼĵ۹Ŵﵽ˼ϣܹγɸ߼ĴΧս⻷˹ص˵ĸ߼ݹ⻷֡
Ϊ˹˵Ĵк޵У϶ͬӵС
ֻ˹ѡıݹ⻷ͬ϶ѡǴĸ߼𡰷⻷ӳĽ⻷мǿ⻷ٵ߼ġ⻷϶ѡս֮·˹˽Ȼͬ
Ҳͬ˹˵ıݹ⻷϶ġ⻷ҪҪҲҪϺܶࡣǶһֻˣʮϵĴ˵Щȫʵ
ݹ⻷͡⻷ʽȻ෴ľս⻷ǿǿķ⻷϶ס˹ˣʹ˹ڳõʱһֱ
һ֧Ӵһֱ飬ڣһжʵˡ
ǿͳ˧ǿʿĽϣ
˵֮УѾﵽϣﵽĵط
ҵսˡ
ӭŶķ籩ڳﲻĿУ۾ſֱۣӵⳡ籩ҲӵⳡսڣһֽսڸգܵһھԶĺ
¡¡
ﲿӺֲӼٶԶĻҪ죬Ϣ֮䣬ͽҪ֧ӵ˹
ͳӢӺ͵ط۵Ĳɡ
үô
﹪ʾ
û˵ĿٵĴ֧ɨ϶Ȼǲ䣬ǴƵľɣκһֻжһȻ֮սʧٵɽϣۻǧ֮
ǣЩһĿʮ㣬뺷սûǲһƣǵĽ£һȦȦĴ󾣼⻷ʵʣϵķĺµˮ˷
Щ¹⻷ȦﵽȦ֮ࡣǻ侳صȦѾҪӽҸˣ
ȷʵǾѾ㹻ˣ
а
ǲôߵΪˡⳡսѾóȥжˣܴģǾ񡣶ʵģҲڵһսģЩɢŨɱɷ⡣
ǧۼһ𣬾ߵĿ΢΢Ť
һѪһľҲĿܵԼ
ʤǡǡǱ˵İ
̾Ϣ
һ̣ЩԼԼܷӳʲôսսϣʱ죬ܿѵġ˽ʮİ϶ͳֻ
תЩͷĿһתܿתƵֲϡ
Ȼжǧ֮࣡
һƬϲ
Ķ½ĺ۱һƾӵһ֧ɽƵġ֡ӡ֧ȫõҪǧִĴָİָõı־
ȫʱҵĺ
һתܿ콫Ŀ˻Ͷɽµķ򡣶Ŀı仯սҲ΢ý
ݻ˹ȷʵǷ֮ԷָӵĽҲǿСġ֮ǰ¶ڱԷץס˹Ϯ֮ǰָӣôѹսҲҪֲסˡ
ʵϣ˹صľӱռž޴ƣһֱѹһ
ڲˣ
һ˿ĹâѸٵıĮͬһӲʯһ
֣ھꡢֲһҵתͻΣȫͻ
ǣˣ
ǫƺգ¤׼һתһֳ󣡡

ǰ漸λӦǵĳ͵̧ͷ壬۾ôġǰĵεƣѡһֳ󽫱ɢֱѰ·Ҳ˵ǰˣսϣһֳҲǺʹõġ
Һøǫƺգ¤ҷһаã
һĵƵ
֪ʲôΪʲôһֳ󣬵ʱȻˡ
岢ûйͣ˵䣬㶢ŶŶսһǴ縺ͬʱҲոս
Ҫƾ棬ͿһΣ
岢ûҲٳû´µսϵʱݼۣҪ˹أƿǰľ棬ͱȴʵʱ
ǰߵѹԽԽսҲԽԽȶƺʱᱻͻơ
˹˴ľۼ˵ⳡսһͻƵ㣬ôʾһˡ
ү
￴ǰһֻһӰԼ壬˼ѺкüΣҪݴ壬ճﻹˡӻԣս֮УѲȫ󷨡
ȫ˵һЩĻҲֻˡ
ڸûѡ
ϣҵľǴģ
ﰵѡ
ⲻһ򵥵ϷҲǼ֮ƥɱ֮Ѫ֮ǹϵԼϸֵս˿иڣңûʲô·ˡ
ʮţˣߡ
ĿƽǰһһѾȫһֹž״̬ǻȻңǡǡ෴ǰеĶȫ羵һ㸡Ժ
ģһ
һʱ򣬾ۼ˹Ѿܼһ˵ĵزԶԶ
ȥֿȫٺ󳷣нʿ˵ɽ
ӣ
ʧɫеĽѾ˾ţ֮ŵֵס˹˵Ĺôأţǰ
죡˵
ɡ岻ƲƣȲƱΪɵľɲˡңڸûʱͣҲȥ͡
׼һҺ

￴ȻıӰ͵һţҧҧڳԱߵĴٻ˻֡ݣֻһյ㣬ټȥ
䣡
ǰһƬҡ
ô
ΪʲôҪˣ
ǳˣֵܲΣ𣿴ΪʲôҪô
쵰Ҫɴ𣿱ˣ˿ʨӳǿǺʹͬʹ
ʱôܳأ

ʱ˵ǴԵġ֮ǰôĴۣôˣôʱͻȻˣЩֵǰһ˲䣬˵ĿⶼΪ׵ƾ졣
ɫ仯Ҳ˽ս
ɽΪ֪ʱ˭һɽ˭ΪСȻ֪Ϊʲôôôһɣ
Ϊ׵ƾҧҧ´˾
ȥȫˣ
¡һ죬˰εĽʿͻȻ߽֮⣬еĽʿܱڣͻȻ֮ȫߺ󳷡
Ȼھ֮вִɣ𺳺ͳǶʨӳǵĽʿ˾ԵΡֻûж֪ɽǸվ£ʩͳ˧ȫѾˣ



527 תۣΪ
ûᣡ壬Щһ֧Ųסˣ
ɱǣҪˣ
ɱһƾţʮͷ
ǣ϶֧Ųסˣ
尡

һ໽Ѫ񣬴˹дͰ϶ôãʼն£϶ķֱǿ˼㡣
ȻԽԽǼɱ⡣˹׺ƣԽǿĶԷԽܼοΪƬ޵к϶֣һǴݻٴư϶õĻᡣ
¡
κεָӣǧ˹ͬйբ֮ˮһ׷ɱһɽֱȥԶԶȥɽ˵˧ڣֻҪն˧죬ܳ׻ǡ
ɱ
һ˹Ľɽͱһһ˹䵶ܼ֣˸Ѫ⡣
ߣߣ
Ϊ׵ƾ첻ͣĴߴţ۾ѪˡܵùȣҪǰһսѾٶȣ£ֻ˶Ѿɥڴˡ
Ȼˣȫĳˣʿ
ˣϣľǶԵģ
Ϊ׵ƾ쿴һɽĶڵѪսҪʣԼЩӦĶ󡣵սˣΣҲ޷ʲô
ֻϣһжֵõġ
ֲӣǰٲٲɢ䣡
忴ŶҵĴû˿ı顣
飡
һ䣬ǧļܼ꣬ȣգȻȻϣһ˹﷭£׹ϡ
˹ɢڸط׹ϣʹٶȶȻһôһгеĴƲѹһᣬȻȡһ
ȫɽȥ
׼
һƬ侲Ŀⶢɽ£һеһУ羳лˮ£ȫӳУûκϸܹӹ
ǧ˹شӿ糱֮ͬ˳ǴȱڳɱҾڵɽԽԽ룬͸ˮͷʼղΪ
ͷĴл죬ȴһƬƽ
ʱƺֻһɲǵʱ䣬ַ·ʱ䣬ɽͻȻ侲ĵ


һ
˵һʱŻƽۼ׵ֺݺݵĻ£
֣ھꡢֲתΣͻ
ǫƺգ¤׼һֳ󣡡
ʼ

սգһɶȥ
¡
һ̣һ˹ĽףҪ嵽ɽϵʱͻԭЩңıͻȻ֮˹һ
ǧĴͬһתĳݶת
¡ʼı仯ڷߵĩˣûκεףһֻ䷽ͻȻбܱ͸Ϸ󣬷·սʿһͳȥͬһѼ⵶һ㣬˹˵һΪǿиϿ
ͬһʱ䣬ɽͶ˶ɰǧľͻȻ֮Ӱ˳ȥˡ
ã
壡壡
̫ˣɱǣ

ϣ˻ڶһ͵ĳ󹥻ֱӴ˳ɰǧ˹֮⣬˹صıȷɢ󳵵Զûô
ⲼӣСĿռڣ˹Ϊ׷ɱӱư϶Σһѷӿܼ֮˼㡣
ֹϣͬһʱ䣬˹˵࣬еƾȫ˹˷ѹ
սϵľ汾˹ѹסƾǴʱ˿̣岼µڴƾռ˾ԵƾԶ١˷İ϶һΧŰ˾ǧ֮˹
죬ˣ忪ӣʹϣ
Ҫǰǽضˣ


ڴе˹˲Ľ죬ԣʼͷ⣬ʼֻڡƾֻҪ忪ӣʹᣬƾơ
ֹˣֻҪϣƾôɷԾĹ
ɱǣ
죬ҪǺ£ˣ
㣡

ڴ⣬˹Ҳˣǧ˹۾Ѫˣ˭Ҳû뵽ս֮ǰȻͬ
ȻûǷӦ
¡һ̣һߡ˻ţͻȻ֮˹ȥб˴֮Сؼʱ̣Զǫƺգ¤Ҳһεı仯
֧صһų棬һڣֿڴ˹ش֮һڳ⣬ֿ˹˵ĳ
𣡡
ˣ
أ
ս֣һͻȻ֮ﵽ˰ȻĵزһҪǱİ˾ǧһƴֹ˫ƴȫ뽣Ӱ˻ҽУˮȫһƬ
ı仯Զֹˣе˹˼Ԯ
ɱǣ
Բǵóѣ

ϣһ˹ؽ۾ﶼðѪ⡣
ֻƾټ׷ģֻһ֧˵ǰ档ַ߷֮һľӣڴ˵Ǹش
󽫾ʹ֪ܵô𷣡
ߣǴȥ֧Ԯ
ɽϣҲ¶ɫսȫͬڳ档ƴҪصĵطȴԥ
˻ĵطȴԥļ֡
ȻоЩԽܣҲòϣĲԷǳЧܹİǧ˵˹ؾӣԶǸ޴Ĵ
ٿԴѹǵʿͬʱ񼺷ʿ
һȣ
ڳ׼ԳʱһֻһӣԥĽס
һȣڻʱ򣡡
ƽĿʼûķһۡ
ǣڵ뾡ļǰǧ˵˹ؾӣĻң
ｹ
ΪӻԣǴ㣬ڣ̬˲䷴˹㷴ŵ㣬Ūã˹˷Ҫ˾ǧ
Ȼڸߴʮ˹ذϵ˵˾ǧ˽ǣҲǸСˡ٣ǻغʹˣҲ˵ôʧ
ߣ𼱣սԶûпʼ
嵭ѵõЦһּҵս˲û˿Ц⣬ֳޱȵĸо٣Ļͫ׾Ͳһ¡
Զûпʼ
Ƴһɽ¼սԱǵЦͻȻ֮䣬ԺиһɵƵͷпѡ˾ǧ˹ˣʤѵ˵ʤ
ֻߣѵʲô
ȻѾˣҵһжָƣʱһ̣ĻǲƵһİĸо
ĴţҲ˵࣬ھʦĲѧֺУھʦڶʹ¼еͦˣʲãԼʦ֮е顭
ǰȫˡ
ǲô˵ڳ˵ʼռǵõǸʱ塣ҲȻ˵еôžޣҲֲѧֺе֮ͽ
һ̣ǰ壬зһϤȴİĸо
Ǿʦд˵һ֣ǰȫԲϺš
ֵȻݣָĸоȫһʮеģֹǵݣָϣһ־мʮϽܵ˳ᢣء
һ䡰սԶûпʼоǰͻȻ֮˲ɲĸоھмʮľμôೡսʶôϺʹӣȻҲȫжϲ⡣
ĿĲΧȦİ˾ǧ˹ĿʲôѲɻʲôĿĲɣ
үҪʲô
Ŀɨ·ҵսȴȫжϲĿġ

ȴûĳע⵽Ҳ˼Щʲôʱ˿̣ȫעŵ˼ҵսϡеɵıһƬ
һվıУǺױûġǳǧ㼯һͲһˡֽմ΢Сһڵ㣬ע⵽
ǵǧ΢Сĺڵһ𣬾۳Ũīزʵһī֭ʱǾͲκ˿ӵˡ
࣬Կʼˣ
ɽ£˹ںХ˶˿һҪǰ˾ǧ˵طҲ˹
ͺڵĵطѾһҪĴʯһ
һĻ¶һ˿Цݡϵıµ˹˲ܹͨǲˣǱô򵥡
׼
ͻȻڵ򵥵֣߲ͣȴͬһɽϿըͬɽڽǻһ
ϷǧףԲʮɷΧܼ䣡
¸֮ڶη
䣡
û˿ԥһĻɽȫеĳ䣬ַϷ򣬾뼤սԶĵطܼļһǧ˵ôطԮһͷײ˼֮С
ϣ
һ˻ŢܼļУһ˴ԵڵϣʬˮлУһ·ײԶͻļʼϲ
󷽵ٶȿ쵽˼㣬һʱܲ׷ײȥ˻ˤԶ󷽵ĴܴӰ죬ʱһƬҡ
Ȼ仯Զֹˣ
ѡĵطֹֻԮǰ棬һƬ˹Ԯĺͽڵ㡣һֻңҵĲֹԼԮ
ϣ
һͷͷ˻һһ˹ﲻϵײȥˮ֮Уʪֹֹͣͣˡ
ֻһĹ򣬼˵Ļұ˼ǧ˵ĻңѸٵ
ݶӸûѡֻѡֹͣû˸ٵĳҲɥʧҪǣǧ˵ĴΧҳΪ㡣
⣬ôܣ
ɽϣ￴һĻԺ۾ԲˣһƬκˡ
Ӿʮ꣬μ˲֪սַǻ䱸ϵľţ϶䱸һ֧רŵ־ӡ
ãཻǰǰɱ˶ԷԷԱͬʱӼټ˺
ǼʶôೡսҲûмĸ佫ַܽõֵزһ꣬˶ԷӴĻҡ
Ѿɱ˵ûйϵˣսԲ档
ֻһֹĴսԲ棬Ѿⳡսȫˡ
ʮߣʮ˷ΰͨ󽫾أȫ߽
ȻһϷİ϶ԥѡ
¡¡
ɽ£˵˹ͼȡʩˣѾˡŶĴ͵ĳǴԮĽڵ㣬˹شʱɱһƬҡ
ҲͬڿڴЩ˹ڵλõ˹شã˲ã˼һţûܡ
ûٶȣǲ䣡
£ûʲôܹʹȡ

ˮ֮УѪĽﵹصڶôս϶ôԸ׵˹ͻһ֮Чķ
һڿҫ֮裬ĳǹ綾ţϵûб֮Уֻһֹ֮С
µҽжصĵŢ֮С
ˣҲˣ
һˮĴ建̧ͷͷѹѹƣȻǰ̤һ
¡
һضɽҡһڷſڵġ֮С⻷һȦȦѼĲΪģ˷ϯȥ
սؼһҲʤܵһöʱˡ


528 תۣΪ
¡¡
һεĲ˷ɢȥʱգ֮й⻷ΧѾﵽһ侪˵ĵزɽ͵ΣӼȼУĹ⻷֮ӡ
ע⣡⻷֮ڿʼǹ⻷ǷΧ֮ڣÿսһзʿĹ⻷֮һᣡ
ʯһϤͻȻڶ
¶һ˿Цݣһ顣ʱ䣬һɣҪսлʵҪôΪһŵ˧ұͳ˧ȫԼľš
һ취ɢ⻷⻷ֵķΧڻԷʵ൱ԼԲμսҲǿԴսлʵ
ˣ
⻷սеƾûʲôоǶ˹˸о
ô£ҵĹ⻷ôˣ
ҵĶôͻȻô࣡
ôͻȻо࣬ô£

˹˱˻ңͻȻ֮䷢࣬ٶȡݣȫǻޱȡµĲĶ֣ҲǵзԶԼδ֪
֮й⻷ǿԼһ˲ǻзκһֹ⻷Ȼͬ
٣ƣԼйֹ⻷ǾԲڵġ
ʶϾû˻뵽һ㡣
رǣֹ⻷رڱ֣׷ֻɱĻ£û׿Ѱ
¡¡
û˼ʱ䣬¡¡Ű϶սֳ벻ı仯սڣ϶һռ˳ľƺ
¡¡ɽɽ£ãã˹ԱسΣܵС
岼µĿڴװ˰ǧĵоս⣬ڸ˹ش֧ԮĽڵϣƾֲһҪָһ꣬ʹýڵ㴦һƬңҼ赲˺󷽴Ƭľ
˹ȻˣǱǰȫӲ
ϣ
սһͷͷëԣ˻ڵϡƾеĸһͷͰЩ˵ϡһ˹˻ӵǱһϵƾֻһȭ÷˳ȥ
ڸʵϣƾݿ࣬Ȼûһ֮Сս׺ޱȵ˹˲֪ΪʲôͻȻ֮ƺʵ½˺ܶࡣ
ʵ飬ʲôʱôǿˣ
һܱԼȭͷԼˡʨӳսôãʹûмԼʲôʱһȭ԰һ˹˴ϴ
˹Ҳˣ
һǹԼĳǹһǹ¾׵ķ϶ǹͷݳһݽԷӣޱȡҲ׸ոշʲôٶ죬ޱȵ˹ˣһٶͻȻࡣ
ǹĿŶԷ䵶԰벽֮Լһǹ֣ݴ
ܷʲôԼɹˡ
ͬ飬սϵĸط
϶ʵ˹˵ʵֻڲ֮䣬һ̣϶ȴԵռϷ磬ѹס˵ˡ
ֵǣɱǰ϶ʱˣ
ɱ

һɱ쳹أ϶һɨյһ񡣶ܱǹбЭͬǰȫƽ
ԣ
ƾ߻ûʲô˹ܡãã˹УһĿѩǿ佫Ƥʶɽ
֮й⻷ӰĲֹǶ򣬻ս
ڸոһԸоߵĲƺʵ˲١ֻ֮й⻷佫ûӰ죬ԾҲûа취ж׷ʲô
ô£׷ʲô
ѩĿѩսѲһȦѸٵɨ˶սɽ͵Ķ˴֣ǱӦռ˾ԵƣǴʵƾռơ

ܣ
Ŀһ˿â˹佫ͻȻתͷһŶ򼲳۶ȥ

ǧףһǧ˰ٲ
ͬʱɽһƽףפԵ֮£Ĳ˿飬ܼļֱ֮ͬǧ׺һǧ˰׵ĵط
¡¡ԭҪۼγ˹˲ٴҡ
崣ɽӸ£ĿӥɨȫκεĶӲ
κδرӪϷӳսԼ
һִɱ˶ѾҪģǳΪսԼκεطֻҪв嶼ǰһǡ
֮ʵʵյĿĶҪҶԷԷԷҾԶٵľ档
ڣƾȫ״̬
Ծž˹ˣһ̷һԼĻңڵоһεġǽһ赲Լ˵ġǽ
һ˹˲ҽţƾĵ档ԺѾһƬ
ϲɱ182˹
ϲɱ342˹
ϲɱ687˹
ϲɱ1344˹
ϲɱ1788˹
ϲɱ2576˹
ϲɱ3936˹

ϲɱ5722˹
ϲɱ7549˹

һԺкХ£ͣʾ˹˵Ǿģǳָ𡣶̶̵ʱڣ˹˵ʹﵽһ˵ٶȡ
ɽϿХÿսһ˹˾һΧӿڡ屾Ѿﵽصľ磬ڸص߷巢չļ
ϣеĹ⻷Ϊһ壬ͻữΪһö󾣼⻷ǾǸһص侳ˡ
̫˼ˣ̫˼ˣ
ɽϣԼļ鵴ȫһĻˡ
Ȼһʱ֪˹˵ǴɽӸ¸ȥȫԿսϷʲô
ɽ
սڷ飡
˹Ȼռƣȴȫǰ϶Ķ֡ݲõǸڴ飬˹类ոĵݰĵ¡
һս϶һѷĵֱ˵࣬ȫ赲ס
˹˵һƬĻôڵƾеʯȻϴƣʵϷǳռƵһ
̫ˣ̫ˣ
ݺݵȭͷͨ죬˷ܲѡ
ΧıҲ֮ǰȻͬʼӹܴʱ˶ǱŻ̬ȵģ
һ̣ɽµս֣ﻹһ㻳ɡ
벻СүڱϾȻ˵衣ǴţҲԶԶ硣оˣ
ϲޱȡ
ǰһĻ˵ֱǲ顣һӹ֣һ򵥵ĳ˾ʹó췭ظı仯һֱͬһ㡣


529 תۣΪ
׼
ûע⵽Ķмȵ侲ҲȵǡһսеڣѾؼʱ̡Ȼϰ϶ռоҲͨȫž档
˹˻ûзֵ
ֻҪⲨֿ˹˾Ҫ׵ˡһǱɽ֣
ϣ
սգеȫ㼯ߣһĿɽ£ϱŷǿҵս⡣һս漰۹ľӣһǿһϣ
սľƣĴ˵ϣǷǳҪġ
ɽϾĵģԼžžƮûһհĿ¡˶ڵȴ
û˷ʼĻɣڣѾ˾ԵΡ
ɣɣҾͲţ᲻ȡж
ɽ£а
޽˹ޣ˹ص۹ϵ廢һگ̫ӷ٤죬Щ˶Ǿž޲Сϻս֮УЩȻޡأ͸޷ôҫۣȴͬżҪĽɫ
˵϶ĲҰֱܺӵĹϵ
ͲţսԼһֵݵֵز˹ˣ٤ͽ˹޻ûзӦΪҪݹȫ֣٤ͽ˹㶼࣬ǾԼ߿һˡ
ͿʲôʱŻӦˡ
а
¡¡岢ûеȴܾãͻȻ֮䶫Ϸضҡܼѹ˱˻ʹڱ֮ж˺Զ
ɱ
һĺɱԶֻһգۼ䣬һϢԶԶԽͨ˹˵ɱڣ̤Ƽ侪ˡ
նƾ
׺һһüĿ׺ݵĴٸ߾䵶ӻɵıг˳Űޱȣ
к˵ģһɴ
𣡡
Ӧٵһ׵ģԵŭһƾˣ˹ͻȻλε䵶ųһţͳһ׼ɽ
ôԶ٣ȻҳһһһͷӬƵģϲϣµ£ڳ˹˵ֱ衣
еͬʱǧһ˹ԮΪĺɽ˼ٵļ档
ãΣգ
ɽϣ޴£ɫһ¶˽ŵɫ
Ȼ費壬ϾսϵϽȻƾռøսսεĽ
Ǿǿս󷨣ҲгܵޣʣļƾѾﵽޡһ˾ǧ˵ľ񣬺пܻΪѹ󣬶ս߱
õģ
΢΢˵֣Ϊ
ǳ
ǴˣǾ֧Ųסˣ
Ա߼ƾЩһϤȴ֪Ǵ
صģֻҪûʲôӰ졣
ƽ
һκεءϣɽĵһĻˡ
¡ͬɽ鱬һƺƵ˹Ԯƿѣ͵ײƾĴ֮УһҵĶҽ֮쳹С
岼µġڴ֮⣬ƾ֧Ųסļ
ʮ
ţ
ˣ

ƽɽ£Ժһɽϸ£ԿսĽУһ֧ԮעȫתƵɽͻƾӪϡ
ƴǰɽϵ˷û̫עˡսҵĳ̶ȣƾԽԡ
ģ


һ

һʱ˹ԮӪͻȻ֮䲨һ£һ˿ûôԣͬϪеһĭһǶ˵һѾ㹻ˣ
Ϸȫ棡
ȴôãɳԼѾãɽ
¡¡ʯ쾪ɽӪȴһ֪ȴ˶á˿ͻȻһＸȿֺͬļһɽԾ
ϣ
˻һƬֻڶ̶̵ʱڣֻٶȾʹﵽһߵĵزֻͬʱ˭Ҳûע⵽ɽ££ĿйâһͻȻ֮ǰ̤һ
䣡
һʱ屳һͷ޴ޱȣ񿡷ǷսӰͬһʱ䣬һĹ⻷±Ѹչе¡
ɽİ϶ٶȾѾﵽһߵĵزͻȻ֮õ⻷ӳ֣ٶ˲䱩һأգ֮ʹﵽһֵ
¡¡
ǧͬɽ鱬ɽ£ǹƴݿ࣬ӡ
ã
ɽһֻƾ󣡡
С棡

ɽľ侪˻ĻеԮ֧ŭľӣ˵ж¶˾ɫ磬ɽɽԶûôõҰ
˭Ҳû뵽սڣ϶ȻһֻûжõľӡһֵεУµӡ
ǧ˵ľӶϰ˾ǧ˵˹ԮѾ㹻ⳡҪսˣ
󣡡
е˹ؽٷߴ򣬳ΧʿҪСһѾˣ˵עȫǰͻֻƾϣҪĻǵʱҲζţѾʧȥӦ
¡
ûЩ˷Ӧǧ˵Ӿͬйբ֮ˮһ㴩еĿ϶һͷݺݵײ˹Ԯ֮С
û˿ԵֵɿµײҴƾǾеľټսʱ˿̣ÿһĳﵽһظֵȫһ
Բͨ˹赲
֮ԳΪսҪľ˺սӵУֳӵ˼¡

ĲҽУһ˹˴͵׵˿Уɵʮ֮⡣Ҳȫܲס飬ֻһɲǣɰǧ˹˱ײ˿С
˻⻷ĺײȫһƬ
ɱ
ĺɱ쳹ƶˣеĴ϶¶ɱ⡣̱ӣֻǶ̶̵ʱڣֻ³ֵ˹ͳ׵˻֮С

סǣסǣ
ססˣ
̫ˣ
ˣ˱սˣ

˹˺ò׻۵ķ˲ôˡҪƵƾͻߣҲ˳׵ǰˡ
ⳡսڣ˹ͻȻ֮˴δйĿɾ档ڴԮжΣԼĩˣλȫ̡߱һ׷ƾӱжûȡЧս˽ʿҼҲ˼Ȳľ档
ģ⵽ô£˾Բ
ɽϣһ˹ؽɽƮĵطѪ۾ŭ
ϵƾ϶ڣΨһܹ˹عһвģֻһˡһλĲŻغʹλ˶Ϊ֮̾
ȻҲôµָӲܣ
ǰֻƬ̵Ĺսϵ˲תֱǰδУơ񼣡ٴ˹صһ࣬ȫǲġ
ǵ˹ػռ˾ԵƣԽԽˡ
Ȼ˹ܲܽܣĿǰݵ˹ȫܣɶȫӡ
ϲɱ13961˹ˣ
ϲɱ16733˹ˣ
ϲɱ19927˹ˣ
ϲɱ21966˹ˣ
ϲɱ23459˹ˣ
ϲɱ26796˹ˣ

崣ɽһһܵ·ٲһԺз¡ġ֮й⻷ͷΧڲӣ屾ѾܸߵʵЩս˹˵Ӱ£ٴ
սõ֮أҲõʵĵط
ٴʱ˿̣˵Щ
䣡䣡䣡
һöö⻷֮񵴣ҳֳںϵơڤڤУһĸоӿ·ʱĳصģ
ָоİϤ
侳


530 ޣ˹ޣ
һڼֻûǰδеĳ졣ս֮ʯȻǿǡǡΪսġ
Ǳʥ
ֻսܴǿ
һɲǣͨ͸ޱȡ
ȫ߽
ҵ˹شһûʹκεսսԣֱ´ܹ˹ѾˣһֻŴҵĵоѾ޷ԴвҪģȫͻ֧ɾ޴ѹ
ȫûһͿء
¡¡´ͬѩһʱأȫͻܱǹбȫͻ

ҽ֮ڶһƥƥսȻءϡĳ׵ˡ
ϲɱ31977˹ˣ
ϲɱ33455˹ˣ
ϲɱ36703˹ˣ

ϲɱ39911˹أ

̶ʱڣһܵͬѩһԺӿ¡϶ȫѹġ֮С⻷˹Ǳɽһʱȫǳָ
ʱһϸ˿Ƕţëһӿ
ɹˣ
ɽ۷ѩƮҡԣȭͷſ˫мޱȡⲨ˹ܹҲ࣬򲻵ϣԼɱôˣɽѾвԼˡ

ͻȻ֮䣬һɱͷŭһɽըĺԶͷ·ڶһ¡һݣûӦɽ´һȻ졣

ҵıըУ䣬ɽϣڰ϶ңͬʱҲ˹ĵطһӴȻըʮȫĴһҽţ߷һ˴һɳȥ
ֻһ£϶ԭܵжʱͻȻͳһ޴Ŀӡ
ǣ
۹͵һ¡ʯ䣬ǴȱУԼһͷɢȫҰԵĸߴӰԶԶľݺݵĿԼһۡһ۱ޱȣɱɷ䵽
ֻôһɲǵʱ䣬ǵӰʧˣΪǻþ
𣡡
һ̣Хһ춯صĻХ˶𡣾ǵƿĴȱڴŤֳһͷСɽİ׻ӰһɺġϡŰ͵Ϣӿ

Ӱ
飬צأڰ϶ľͻȻһͷߣɳޱȵ׻ͷ׻ÿһ鶼·޾Ļ
һȦ޴Ĵ󾣼⻷ۼͷ޴׻ĽҫϵĽͼڣԼصķãӦһֺġϣޱȵĸо
𣡡
Ŀһңңɽǰ׻צһһɨɳԶĵڵϡĻβһɨһײγ׵ı
ãǽ޽˹ޣ
ͻȻһصӶߴוּһһᣬǰٴС
ﬣﬣﬣ
ͬһʱ䣬ɽϵȫ˳ųУɫصĵǰ
ְǱûвμսԭ
һһĵʧ˧İΣΪҪ
𣡡
Ӿ쳹ɽۣһɢըɽͶڻХвʯɽϻȥ
ɱ
ˣ
潫ˣ
ɱ

ɽϣ˹޴ЧӦ˼Ӱģ˹˱Ѿʿ˹ȵףεҲǼ䲻һ̣ͻȻ֮һǿһһ񣬴ţڽ˹޵ƾȥ
侳ǿߵʵģ˹޻׻ֱɽֱ֮ӣ˹ս˼һɿȱڣͻȻ֮ϡȱ©
ͻȻ֮öƾˣ
ô죿
ȥǾҪȫˣתʤΪˣ
ȿǿǴ˵İΣɣ˹޵ٶ̫ˣ
ǳŴġ˳ʲô£ɢҲǱذɣ

¡¡ڶͷ޴İ׻ͻٶ̫ˣֻôһٵƾĻףɳȥһˡվɽһҲľѡ
Ҫǣ˹޵ĿԾǣɽ
˶оһɹɵΣϢ
ү
û˵ֻѯʵĿ⿴塣佫嵱Ȼˣ˧ˣǴսý˹޳ˡɽҲΣءңΪ˵Ĳ£ź꣬ݼڣҲԸ巢ʲô⡣
ˣ
ĿйâתǺܿ˰֣
ܣҲ·һңɱδؾҪһƴڵĵĻעܣȻ˹޳֣ô٤ҲòԶ˲ҪСĵġ
һϯ˵ɫ䣬һĳˮס
һ˹޾ѾԶԸˣټһ٤죬˭Ƕ֣ﱾҪصģڣﷴˡѾǼزص⣬ǵ⡣
үǿҪˣ
ɫѿ
Ǻǣʱòšˣ˹޺ͷ٤ԭҸǱߵ𣿽˹ͻȻʧǱ߲ûв壬źţù޹ġ⣬ų
˰֣г
ڶ̱ӣս֮󣬻ʧȥ塣ʱԸ˹ǿлõϵġҰ׻Ӵ󣬸Ǳ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죡
˵ʱɽµսҲѾﵽ˹ؼʱ
䣡
߱˹ײ䣬ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ˽˹޵ĿꡣûԼĿģȫֱƽǵ·ϵƾȫɡ
ˣ
ҲҪӽɽ


УеĽ춼ۡ˧ɱ챻նͻѾǱһ˵ˣ԰϶ĿǰĴﵽֵزϾҴ֮ˡ
ϴؾͽǴյ֮أ
߷󳷣Σ
Ӫ֮ȫϣ

ͻȻ
Ӫֽսǿˣý˹ͻɽӪľǴ׵ĸˣɾɱһƬ
䣡
ܼȵļ겻ͣĺХ£ּĻս֮УҲǺӰ죬һ鷢һ̣벻鷢ˡ飬һļͷߵĵ׻ɵľ룬ͣסˣͺһεǽһ
ǲҲ㵽˭ַʽԸҡ̫ˣ
һ󼥷ĴЦ·һ𣬸ԶԶľ룬ͷ׻г飬һɲǣһֲĸоӿ


531 صΣ٤죡
ˣΧ˻ûзӦʱͷ׻ͻȻһ飬ɰǧ飬ͬ⬵һͻȻ֮˷ȥ
ã
һӦһҽԽ˹ΪģΧʮڣеĲȫܼļɳȥȻпױҲһ˵ˡ
ܼļ귴Ϊ˽˹޷ùߡ
ɢӪˣ
ɫһһӣԥ
ֲӶԸͨ˹ʿԣǶԸ˹͵˹غԻЩ㡣ֻһĻҲоˣ˹޵֮±֮ͬΪ廢İ˳ǻҪ͵Ķ࣬ѾˣԽϮļ귴ȥĵز
Բͨ侳ǿܹܹġ
˹廢ڶûԭġ
𣡡
һ𣬾޴İ׻Ķɽ壬¶һĨɫ䣬צһ񣬾޴İ׻ͻȻ֮Ծ
壡
һĻΧһƬҡ˾㷴ӦҲ֪ͷ׻ǳ巢Ѷȥġ
ˣ
һкֻʱ򷴵ƽ
ߣ
һӣԾİ׻ԥ´˹
䣡
䣡
ٻĳͬһʱ䷢һɳ˹޻İ׻ڿն𣬽ԼڿУѵǶȺʱ½˹ʵǿͬҲŲơ
ôܻ׷Źֻᡣ
ǺͿ
ЦڹģӴɽ˺սУߣҲܹ취Ըġ˹δЩ̫дˡ
ˣ
ըѣһУʮȫ׼˿еĽ˹ޡȺͽǶȷ棬Щþѵٺİ϶κ⡣һ˸ļأԼ̺Ŀֲһɲǣ˹Ҳ΢΢ɫ
ˣʯ룬һɰģ߰ɵİִӽ˹ڱŷ޴İ׻εİڡҲǿһʮ⣬ȫ˿еİ׻
𣡡
һ޴İ׻ԣӿбӲײڵϣས
СӣСˣ
Ǻڿ𣬶һصζһʣոһɲ˹ҲһЩৣ޴צڵһǰ׻óƬཬʯģߣȻȻ˳ȥ
һΣ׻ûѡֱߵͻ·ߣŲѡS͵ͻ·ߡ
ۣ
һȫȻѡS͵ͻ·ߣǽ˹޵ٶȲ̶ʱڣѾͻ˾ɽʮɵĵطԽ˹޵ٶȣֻһ̣Ϳֱɽˡ
һɲǣ嶼΢΢ɫ
侳ǿһͻ൱ԶԸο˹޻ʹ˴ѩɽش
壬Ϳˣ
侲
ǿ֮սϾսս޹أԽ˹ǿߣҲûʲô̫õİ취ɽΨһܶԸģҲֻгˡΪеϽʵǾӹɵġ
ˣ
һպ죬ˮĴӶͷ˳ŷ˿£ȴû˿Ķҡ䣬ɽһ٣˵һ˲仯Ϊһ׺磬ƿصһžɽԶĽ˹նȥ
ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ɽҲڳﱳŽ˹ɱȥ
˧ǵְ֮Բսȴľһ̡
䣡
һıɽ´£ͽ˹˲սһš˶侳ǿߣͶ㶼ĪǰĴ޷ӽ֮߰ͬһԻһ˷𵴶ȥ
˹޵ʵ̫ǿˣ
ɽţüͷһšȻѾ˳֣Ҳֻǿ赲һ½˹޵ĽŲϴµЩҲȫǽ˹޵ĶԷȫǱ˹ѹŴ
٣ĽǶˡ
ѩɽѧȷʵǿ󣬽˹Ȼˣ⵽Χİ׻ǹ룬ŲתҲȫӰ졣ϾûѧЩѧס
Ժд˷
ֻô̶һϾѾܵüˣһѪֹȫǰ׻צġڴѩɽһ̫˽⣬ⷽҲûʲô̫õע⡣
ˣҪҪҺֵ³ȥһ֧Ųס
ͻȻһϤӶߴӥɽ£͸ǡ
ӥִɽʱҪһЩ岻ͬӥڷϰֵ˹ˣ˲ʱ䡣ںɽӥ֪֮ڱսһϲͨԸɴźľһĬĬشȴһ仰û˵
ˣ
һֱۣ
εвɲֹ˹һ˹޺öԸϾеһжϣһɾδˣ
˵٤𣿡
ӥ
ԱҲһЩ٤£Ҳŵģֻǣûôעˡ
ߣ
岻ÿɷĵ˵ͷ
֮ʵʵ٤ڴƴ˺ܳʱ䣬߹Ҳһѧ˲١սôãҿɲûг֣
߹Ҳ
ӥһ˿ĹâЩĶĲࡣ
ֻһЦûж˵
گ̫ӣҲֻǾûмˡ˵ôҲȫ֪٤ôû֣һ㶫ˡ٤ԲʲôöԸĽɫ
ס͵סӣؼǣԸ񲻳ѣһ־ҪҪʵǺѶԸĶ֡Ϊ̫ӣܵԴͬʱû̫ӵּӡ
Ըоó˾ڡΪĿĲֶΡˡ
²ɵʱɱɽҪԼĽ˹ޣ巴٤ǴƵĸ֮
ˣ֣ǾһֱվڵǶǲ
һĺﾫ
ǶҵߵģȻҵôȴҲ൱𾴡ս˿ʵʵڲӦýҵߣҪȻĻڣδزܵס˹ޡ
ӦҲܶࡣ
ǰˡ˹ɱ٤쵽ʱڴϣڰʱǿȫֵס
һľ͸ǡ
Ļͷһֻۣ˵ﾫݣȫͬҲȽǻۡ
ԭ
ԺһͷԼЩͷҵ˵ںڰıĽɫȻﲻʦֽɫҲЩǻ۵ġ
ģֻģһԼġ
嵭Ȼ¶һš


532 گ̫ӣ⻷
٤ȻʼյڶûһǱ˵ˡ٤֮ڶûľע⡣Կ϶٤пھڽ˹ޱ˹档
ӣ˼
ӥ¶һ˿ɫ٤ѾнĳһھĵطȻ˭Ʋӥ벻ף嵽ҪôƳ
û˵ж˻
꣡
һľͷѵĿ£ͻȻγһɽִ˧졣һĻ˭ҲûԤϵõӥˡ֪Ծ˽٣Ҳ֪ս˾ġʿڣսھġʿڡ
ս۶ϣҲζŵ˴оڴʿ˵ǽǻԵĴ
ľٶ˶û뵽ġ
ӣ
ӥ۾
̫ˣ
̫ͻȻˣ
ôƬ̣ӥԺһƬհס
ȻľٶԶ˿״ȵġ飡һֱֻǿεס˾޴ˣû˵ȥ
ɽٴˡսҪھʹս죬˵طȥ

δ䣬һ̤һ࣬˵ž޴սҪȥ
ߣսߣȰ£
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬׼սԳ˵ʱͻȻ֮һ䣬ģȴִһ˿߸ϣȺ°Ⱥдû˷Ӧ䣬һͻȻ֮䳯ɽȥɵȫӥ˵ߡ
ﬣ
һ΢ŵԽͬԨӻɵ洫һɲǣ壬ӥɽۺﾫԼˣ˶оһΣգͺһոңңĶ׼Լһ
٤죡
ûκεɣ˶ûп˶赲ˣһگ̫ӷ٤졣
ﬣ
һĽйվλãռ䶼г롣Ȼ־ڱصһȻɨˡ
٤죡
⣬ԭվĵطͻȻսʿӹһĨɭĹâǰˣһ϶װ磬òҲ졣Կ϶˾Ծگ̫ӣǸԼȴõġ٤족
͹ˣ
Ժһâ
ԭΪ٤ٳٲӦǲڽ޽˹ޱ˹棬Ž˹һ˽ֻ٤ĻҪսթȻ֪ʲôʱһ϶Ŀףһ·ͨ裬Ȼ쵽ɽˡ
٤쳤ڴѧϰһڵ۶ֵطĿĿȾڲֹ˵ĺʹ죬˵ľʶ죬ûһگıǺʡ
֪ƶˣװҪˣֻ·٤쵽ڶ֡
˽ǴƵĴ󻼣ʹûӵ¼گʹҲһս
Ȼɱ
Ǹ޷ﻹǷ٤죬ҰĲԲָƽԸ⳼Ĵڡֻϧ֮಻˺˯Σ⸸Ӷ˶ԴǻǸ
Щͷ˵ԺҲһ˸ʱ䣬һ̣оһϤı
ˣ
گ̫ӷ٤죬Сģ
ӣ˺󣡡

ӰϾǼҵսӥо裬٤һ֣ӥ˴һͬľһŷ٤쳵Ӧսһ˹ȥһһ̵ֻ֮

Ƥ£һɹģëȻıͻȻˣ
кľӢӥڣһ٤֮ڣϵĿסսѥͻȻ֮Ťţһ˹ЩѸٵŤںһ𣬻һΣͷΡγɵĹ̶ȣŤĽֱۺݺݵĲӥͺﾫӢˡ
֮ǰ̵ֻĽôġ
Сģһй죡
һĸɲСѾ˵
飡
ЩŤĽڵϣѸٻΪһɫˣѸӥԼܵĺﾫ񹥻Ҹӥֲ٤һնϣһ˺ۣƤⶼѿˡ
⻷
ʱΨһƽľֻˡ٤Ѿﵽ侳輫µһȦ󾣼⻷ǱģǡǡԹ⻷ĸ⻷ֹ⻷һɣѸٵټΧĽԪأˡ
һ񻯳ɻ߱һâľͽգ
޳ִ󾣼⻷սǳ鷳Ϊʹýսڳֿȭ£κߵʵۿۡ
䣡
룬Ǳܵģһһն󵹷ȥͬһʱ䣬еˣԶԶʮĵ˹ȥһеͬʱ¡âһ٤ͻȻվĵطըһ޴ĿӶ
һʧ֣٤¶һ˿ɫΪԲҪӹһֻ˵ֱʶǣһ侳ĸпܱ侳ǿߵֱʶǿ
һΣ٤еԼʧˡ
䣡
û˿ԥ٤һͻȻһ壬ѸʧԭءΣһָƾӳ̬ʵսսȫѹ˹˵Ĵͳ˧Ҫ
ҲǷ٤սĶ޽˹޲һͻԭ
ߵ𣿡
ͻȻ֮һŭ٤ոճɲһһӴĺӰͻȻ˳Ѿʧڿеķ٤˳ȥѸٵŤսһ
۵زؽգǰ³ľѧǾȻѰ³ɱˣ
٤쾪ŭ쳹ա
۵زؽǵ͵ĴѩɽѧԼļ˵ǱܺʵӥּոͻƵ侳ǸһġϴѩɽľѧͻȻ֮һѣѾԲס٤ּǿˡ
ãҾͿסҶã
䣡
ݺᣬӥ۵زؽսһ

ſյϵˣд˷Լ³۵زؽսӥӥʵҲȻǱ٤ѹŴĳ档һл˵֮ǰΪ˻˹˵Ķ飬̽飬廹ӥˣͳͳԼװɽŻᵼ֡
ˣ
ɣͻȻһɽϵĶ;Χƾʮ϶ľ׷ȥɽķ٤졣
ã
һֻü˵䡰Сġĵ㷢ˣˣһ϶ûпϵĿױΪһͷͷ˶ءֻôһ£ɽϾƾճʮͷˡ
Щ϶ϵĵꪶˣһ޴ľ档
Ȼ˺սҾǼʶʶʲô˺ս
٤°𣬼ڽս֮УҲȻ۲ΧĶ䣬һƱӥ٤Ѹһף¡һָ쿪ӥצһһ
¡һεйغ¡ѿǧķмӵصױѸᣬ黯ʵ飬ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ɽ˲ֶ˼ʮͷˡ
£һſŶЩϣΪ٣졣ʮͷһ޶޿ޱǣû˿Ҳû˿˵ֻĸо
һɲǣɽϢͻȻ䡣


533 ƿȫϳ֣
壬ӥﾫӢ϶ֻһˣڣٵһռžԵɽ£˹Դѩɽط׻Ҳһ㣬ɱ񣬷ɱһޱȡ
Χİ϶ȫɨȥ
һ˹ޣһ٤죬һֻǶ̶ʱڣһ϶սֱˡ
ڽ˹޵󣬸˹˲˳Ž˹޴򿪵ȱӿһս˹˲ֳΪʤļ񣬶һ¶Ҫƾնסļ
ˣסˡһϣϡ߾ͻȫܣ
缱
ɽܹ֧Ѿȫ֧ȥǾҲֻǿֿѡһֻм֮޻֮սպյô׶Ըġ
Ȼ򲻹ǣǾֻʹּƲˣ
ЩͷԺзӹܿо˾飬һ̤ͻȻбб̤ڷ٤컹ûӦʱѸ˳һס˲Զս졣
Ҫ˾ɱġ٤ĸ⻷ȸֽЧȥԸ
һ߿ս죬һ߷ٵܶ
⣬ڶʮߣʮŷػ˹޵ǰѾͻƵģҪ
ʮ˷ʮȫͻ
ַ󣬶Ϸһǧٲֱʮɣ䣡
ͽӪȫͻҪǻᣡ

һܵɢ϶ЧԶƾߺ۾ӿԱ⣬ֻǶ̶ʱڣ㴫ȥˣͬԭƵӦ£챻˹ˡ
ôһļ£߲ȹ˹˵Ӫȫ߷ѹ˹
޽˹޺ͷ٤ɡִֻôһͱˡ
Сӣ
оսı仯޽˹޺ͷ٤춼Ŀһɱʢ
䣡
ɽˣͬһĽֱ˹ȥͬһʱ䣬ХһѾĴܱ޴İ׻˦ٵתţиգ˶ȥ
䣬ֻ춯صľ죬ɽʹը޴ĿӶʯһĴɽ֮յԺ֮˹ȥ䣡ǼĽͼǹףʬ˹ȫ˹ȥ
˵һ廹ЩǿĻô൱ˡ
Сӵʲô
һ޽˹޶൱ˡ
ǵĶ൱ݣһ侳˵Ҫ֪ͬΪ侳ǿ߶ôݡ
϶ʲôʱôһĽɫˣΪʲôʨӳôõʱ䣬ȴȫûм
ʯ䣬żʮɵľ룬޴ĵ׻ɽķ٤컥һۣ˶о˶Էɱ϶ȥ³ļһ֮ʣµͨһڲΪǡ
˸ҸϺ֮ʨӳͻȻ쳣ѿСֶ˸ģ֪ʲôļһ˹غگĴҵ˵Բʲô¡
ӿʼһ·˳磬ݣڵ쳣ѿУһ̣٤춼оЩˣЩϾƵķչˡ
ߣ˰϶ҲҪɱСӡĻԴչֳľ²Żպسگĸ󻼣
ܲɽϣ˭Ҳûע⵽һ϶װگ̫ӷ٤Ȼǿҵɱ
飡
һһɵɫ罣ͻȻӷ٤ڱ飬٤ǿǿӥ۵زؽգһ˸һĲǿͻӥɽ˵أɱȥ
ˣδǿҵĽգĽۼΪһз籩еķ٤ߣǹϢ̺һɽ嶼ܹ飬˵˵Ѫ֮
ɣӲӷ٤ȫһԼԱɡ
СӣҲ֪˭˰ɣ
٤°䣬ͬĻһнţŨҵϢ

ϣ֮ͻȻһ̬ͣſɱķ٤һܵ˼ûУ
٤죬ҲҪɱң»û£
˵ʲôͷԲѡ
٤Ŀޱȣ侳ǿߺ֮죬ο٤컹öӵдǱֻ˵ɲǣ٤Ѿӹؿռ䣬ٽӽ塣
ɣ
ɣ
һɣ
ߣ

룬ܿڷ٤콣Ϸֳ֧Ҳܹ٤αװͷϣƺӹ磬һĨǸЦѸٵ
ʵһɡȻһֻ̣Цһ
ߣ٤죬ǲʲô
ҽһ̤ͬʱһࡣ¡ͬʱâһ٤컹ûзӦͱһӰײ˳ȥ
ϣ
٤ʧУ¡һײĻصײڵϣըƬཬˮɽײһ޴ĿӶ
٤죬㲻ΪѿǣҰɣ
һ䡢ϣ̰ͻȻ֮ؼ
ͬһʱ䣬飬ɽ޽˹Ҳݺݵײɳȥˡһһǿƾճ֣ɽ
˹ޣַʽҲδ̫˰ɣ
һһİ϶ĽɽΧЩ϶콫һཡ˶Ϣǿޱȣһ˹Χס
Щһﻹǰ£
׻׹ðĽһѹ飬´ѿŴŢ͵ڿնŰ϶˻˶ȥ飡̶ֻʱڣ˫ٴսһ
ͬһʱ䣬ɽϣگ̫ӷ٤Ҳĸսһš
һοԼսӡ
ʽغϣȴְޱȡûô仯ȴһɳһһʯ쾪ǧ׵ζּĿĻ࣬һ̺ơ
ؽ޷棬ɲ׵һһʽѾﵽ˻ɼĵزˡǾ硢ʵԶԶĻʽͱռʲôˡ
а
ûʲôǱʵģүүǳڵĹ䣬û˵ʲô֮šΪ佫Ҳ佫μ֡书Ϊͳ֮һϽиɻ
٤Ȼųӵд֮ģʱʱϵƶʱ¶ɣǰȫֻм֮޻֮Щ󾣼⻷۶ˣ۱仯ɵĽ籩ڸǰҡҡ׹ʱܱ⡣


534 תۣһʤ
ϣ֮ࡣѾյĴˣѾگ˹ص£ǽȵ󽫾һҲ·һ
٤쳹ա
Ϻӥĸּл٤ҲȻֵ
̫ӲضϿ࣬ǲյĴƣһگ̫ӿԾġ
ϵ䵭ĮӲģǷ٤ϵҲҵʲôͻƿڡ
ߣͷˣѼӲǽӹһΣֻһСɵͷ䣬ԺĴֵһᡣ֮Ϊƽ̹ٺܳʱ֮ǰǶܼʲôɽ󴨡ӵһʱѵӵһҾͲţȵĻܹȵģ
٤콣磬籩ߺХȻЧ󣬵٤ȻûзӾϻֻ϶
ȻôţΪʲôô׷ᡣʲôʱگ̫Ӵ̲ǿ书ǿƤӹ˵λˣ
һЦ
ˣ
䣬ɽն䣬һ˫ݹǵͻȻ͸صĿռĻεס塣֪ʲôʱ򣬷٤λگ̫αװĿȥˣҲһϸ۲쵽λگպյ̫ӵµݡ
λ̫ӵ´Լʮ߰ң׼ΪݣƤҲǾ˵İ𪣬ǾеЩȨҲ֮ȣ͸¶һŵζֻʹƻеЩֲ̫һ٤ɢһŨҵϢ
û˿׵ڣ¶ݵķ٤죬һۣÿмȲԸȥ˵ˡ
ˣֻ׵ҲԶˡϷ򣬶گǴƵĸ֮͢Ϣ飬ŻΪ
а
ϵķ֣Ȼ岻ʲôǡ֮Ƿ٤ˣҲԲࡣ
СӣҲʲôҲѧıǲܻ߳ˣ
٤ջصĽ֡
ಣ
ƿգ˵ͬʱ䣬ǿкӲƴУһ˿϶ͬʱָϸĽƥ塣⼸±仯֮죬϶ûԤϵõ
Ȼ٤ɱľֻ˵˵ѡ
۷٤еıɱ̶ȣ»֮ϡ
ۣ
죬٤ļǹȴȫˡûʹһնӰ׵ľˡ
ǰʹýˡگ̫Ҳһûá
Ȼ
ɱʵʮǷ٤Ķ֡Ƿ٤ƫƫҪóĽʶϵභ˵ʵĻֻҪ٤첻ڵķ٤ǲ
漰򣬼ʮ˵ӴսϣؼĶܷ٤ͽ˹жߵΪΪͻƾ˵ʵܸıʲôǾ̫ˡ
٤ͽ˹޻µʱѾսսˡ
˫һϵġ
λס٤ͽ˹ޣӥǵľӵûУ
ɽŢе˳ʮɣͷ٤ľ룬ͬʱָ߾٣ƣޱȡ
ˣˣ
ӥ죬˿˿Ľ۵زؽ֮ƺһӰ졣
¡
ɱ
˸ͬʱһضҡɽХɽ´Ȼ٣ƽһԮڻʱʱϹˡɽȥȻɣУǵһɲǣԸо⼸گӵĺ󷽳һֻµ
СģСģ
һֻƾˣ
Сĺ棬
ǰ϶ΪʲôһֻӡƲѾûоӿ𣿡
֯ߣע棡

һĲ̵ֻ˹űϣͲҽУ쳹գ궼޷ȫڸȥƽĴ˲ͺݺݵĲ˹شĺ󷽡
Ȼû壬ҵӥѹ󣬵ƽǾþսϽʱ˹˱Ű϶Ӵѹһֻ˵ƾܵУ˲һƬҡ
ϲɱ41344˹
ϲɱ43517˹
ϲɱ44166˹

Ժһܵ·һ¡ֻһʱ䣬˹˲˲ʧǧˣƻѸڱ֮УܵУоĴɡ
һ̣˹˱ɽѳɣ·٤ͽ˹ʵǿҲ졣

٤ĲҽУ۾Ѫ죬˶Ҫˡ
һ׷Ĳֹ˹صȷǧگױֱܱһ·׷ɱģگеľһףڣ٤ͬǵĲҽС
Сӣҷǵɱɣ
٤ҧгݣҪҧˡһսѳɣԼ϶ĲҲѾ졣ն˧죬ɱ壬Ҳı䲻ʲôˡ
˹ޣߣǿߣ󽫾گľں棬Ӳˣ
٤ͻȻеⷭȴ˹гġ
Ϊگ̫ӣ٤첻ֹڣҵƵ۶Ϊʵʱ򣬾Ѿѧһֳɫԣֹ˹ͻ߾Լʳ֧٤ͨͨͨȫš
𼱣ɱС˵
׻һţ³ȴ˹ͻĿɽ塣ɽϣڵ˹˺ʬ壬һͳͳɽǸСӳ֮Ľ
սͱضˡ˹޴ʲôƸеˣȫҲʲôǽ˹޿ʤɽǸСѾΪ˹شİʯǽ˹Ҫɱԭ
ոӦһʼɱģ̫Сˣ
˹ŭ
ĵزذ׻֮ԴѩɽǶ佫ѧ֮һܹϵķ٤죬ڷ̫ȻΧ϶ĸڶֻ࣬ҪϸһĴۣȫɱɽСӵġ
˹޲Ҫ£󽫾ϾˣƽԭشܲˡҪɱǶǻᣡֻҪһ̣ǴϣǱɣ
٤ϣﲻ֪˹޵뷨ֹ
˹ǵ͵ͽֻսһвˡں˹ˣǷ٤ںˣԺиķء٤ҰĿɲֹǴһѣ
ˣסǣ
ַǰǧ˰ٲ䣡
Уһдۣ䴩˹У

ǰսʼûвμӣһϵĴĿзϵıһˣһսӮȫֵʤҪԶʤĶࡣ
ϲɱ45744˹
ϲɱ47915˹
ϲɱ48416˹

һԺкХ£࣬ӽ˹ﱻɱ˽ӽ˻вҽܵУѾû滺Ŀռ䡣
ڵ˹˽ֻһѡ
Եģȴ¼֯мɣϣͬʱȴҲǿĴƲһ롰Ľ֪
ˣƱ̫ˣ
ܣ࣬Ϊʲô
쳷쳷Ǵ򲻹ˡΪʲôΧôƱ
Ҵ󽫾ȥֻ̫ˣֻд󽫾ܶԸǣ

ɽŵɽսӣĻ̻̣˹˵ʿѾ˹ȵءһսȫû뵽ġȰ϶Ҫ࣬ĸоߵƾǻҪöࡣ
ͺǿһȫûʹһ
ˣ
ۿΣգʯ䣬٤ͻȻ̽뻳ͳһöĴָСĵҩһ̷ȥ˲Ϣ٤Ϣһأ͵һƿϣһһȥ
ҪսˣߣǾҪȫûˣ
٤һնĽڵһٳ˾ͷ嵶ηˣˣŻεĽ˹ߡ
䣡
ں֣ƴͻΧҪҲ¡¡ֻһǿһȱڣŴɽ¼ȥ
׷
ɫ΢䣬һεĲڵϣ˵һԾϰʹɽһ·׷ɱȥ
һս٤ɱɽʱ嶼ûԳ֡ʱȴԥĳɱȥս
үСģĪ׷
У￴һĻ尲Σæе
˽ʣ׷ܣ壬Һȫ׷ɱԲˣ
һ߽׷һϺԥ
˹ؾɢ˧ܣǻɢһţսõĻᡣֻᣬ´ս˹˿¾Ͳսˡ
׷
ɽϣĿֻۣǳƬ´˺ͬ
һΣڽٲԥ϶ʿһɱ죬Ӵܵ˹شͬѩһ׷ȥ
ɱ
죬ķӦ
һϵֱ䣬ӭĵһʤ


535 ۣ³ƣ
׷
һ·׷ɱ˹˺󷽡׷ʮɱǧ˹ˣŰݡĴ꣬Ұޣټ˹һܣ壬Ҳܽȫ
һսѾǳԤˡ
İ϶ԸΪ˹ֻǧۣȴȫ˹ʮһʤʣԳ˵ϡ
ڵİ϶ʿʢսеʱ
ӣô죿
ɽͼʮĵطڽͣ˽ŲɵĴз׷׿壬Ŀг𾴡
һû٣ûֲǰ϶ˡ
һͽӹ˴ָȨֱǲ飬ϾͰûб͸Сˡܶཫĸˣپųϵİ϶֮ǰѹû
ʱѾû˼ƽˡ
˺ͷ٤졢˹޵սڲſʼģ֮ǰǱѹŴһսеĸıתۣɽӹ˴ͳ˧Ȩʼġ˵ûǰܶ˿¶Ҫɽˡ
Ӣ۲۳ʱѾûͣԼûйپˡ
ϣһ־˵ģԶԶԽڳеָӲܺ˵һˣܹ߳ĿǰĻôֻǰˡ֮£ǲϵӣòѾҪˡ
һѾڳа϶Ĺʶ
˹޺ͷ٤Ǳʱùˣ֮ҵͨǣǻϡ
岻˼
һˡ϶ϸ׺ʹıԶֹֻһְˡҵͨǣϻǱɡ
ڸͲ֪
ʱӺıأϵĿױʪֳһҵˮɫ
ңʼжĿģͻΧ뿪ıҵڻعͷȥղСûɽ͵ıӣƲƽ϶˹˿·һңغ˹صĴڸϣͷȥڴǣʱ䣬˹ˣµʱ򲻵˭ҲȲˣҵʱҪȫûɲʨӳǰ뿪ʨӳǿǾѾûκεĳǳءտ
һ仰ʱ˵˳Ĭѡ
뿪ʨӳʵѾûлͷ·ˡңȻ٤ҵǣô»غ͸޷ҲѾ֪ǵټʱ⡣ൢһ̣ͶһΣգ
һ϶ĽҲ
϶ԲҾû϶ʵˣ
϶Ҳ͵
ʵһͻΧж֮ǰҾѾˡһѳɣݿ࣬ǿԵֿġҪ˶ȫĳ룬ǲܵ顣ЩעӲģһжֻ˵컯ˣҲˣÿ˶ˡڴǱҲܲѣһоͿԼˡ
һ϶Ľǰվ
֮һĬ
žĴڶ߻죬һſŻƶϣžžû˵ĿɨΧüͷ
벻ͨôڰ϶ʧȥˡ³뾩ͨҴλйܣսܣʮ඼ڶƽԭ˿´Ѵѣֻû˵ѡ
а
ڰ϶һֱˣֻµʱʱڶҲв٣³ѡλҲڡһսܣͨľʧ
ô˵ķԣֻǽֲйѡ
û϶ڵѾìأԲʲô°
а̾Ϣ
ЩףΪʲô൱һֵİ϶ǸŴ͸ߣǸͨˡƽĶۣƽԭһսͨҪܴΣ̹˵ҲֻͨĲܲԵ󶼻һְѡ
³˽ŵֽһ㣬ͨʵǸĽ죬ϵľУûͨѹҲûй˼ȴ˸λֽ
ʵûʲôС
ˣ
ЩͷʯԺһζܿע⡣̽뻳УӻĵطȡһǽλεƣһںĶ
ǡ˵ƣ
˿ľٶʼǲ첻⣬ȿ߾ڿеĺɫͷƣ˶ǻһæͷ񡣶мԵĽĴվڵϵϥ¹
벻ӾȻж˵ƣɴ˿ʲô£
˷׷׵ͷдŲֻ̣Щ
Чóƶеġ
³˼ʮĶͳΣųϵ۹֮ڵʱ򣬾گ˹Ҳһɵء޷ʹҲ³뾩ʦ֮󣬲ŷⳡսġ
³ϵҲͿ֪
³ϵ˵ĵֻ̣ǰһĻܿóѾפܾˣ鶼ЩˣΪǡ顱ˡ
ǰ³˽ҪȻǶԵġ
忴ǰһĻип
ͨѾʧȥģԹ̫ˣ仰˵ĳ̶ֳʵ൱Ⱥ׵״̬һ㣬ƶûа취ѹ³ơҲĿǰֺìܣȫԼΨһİ취
ˣһ³ǰ˵
ƽԼûʶһɵѹĴɢ
ϵ֮ǰѾ³ϸ۹ڴˣҵ˵ϵһϤȫȨҴ¡ԣ˭Υ棬ն࣬һȫȨְ𣿡
أϣʱ˿̣ﻹһǾеϽ¶ûȡ
ǣ
Ȼж˵ƣȻΨհΨǴӣ

˷׷׵ͷȥҳ
ү
һԣĿһĻʹסˡ
ƣ³ơ
öصͨһöòȫСһֱΪţһܵϡڣǰһĻЩˡԼҵСүصܣƺԼĻҪࡣ
ΨǴӾͲˣֻ˵һ顣ϵƽ̹ɽƽԭΪĿԱ˹صӵø𣿴һʼӳϣȫ룬ǲڵ顣ûѡֻѡԿ
ҪⳡսҪΨһİ취Ǵұȡůұһţ˵Ļʻܴ󣬵ɢƣֻ·һ
Ǹֻһ£Щá


536 ͨΣ
һ˲䣬ͻȻѹࡣ
ܸͲܳɹһ㣬ף˭Ҳû˵жһ˿ңֱֻĴơһɲǣи֪ܿ
û취ˣֻ룬ԽܹôŽĻĴ룬ʱȫ
а
ڴոʤʿܵʱ򣬱ǲӦôġǰ϶ڲìʹһжΣأֻдвʵʵϣʹôѹһбìܣŽ
ֻİ϶ſɿá
һȥ
û˵Ƶʱ򣬾ֻȥ
ǣΪ鲻Ϊȫ뷨ҲĶ֡ǵ̫ˣʮԿʮл뵱ľǸͲǶ֡
һ϶ɫѡ
ûԹô֪أңǵĿĲҪǣסǣȴ͢ԮǺ͵ֿסǵĹȫ
Ŀпؼ侫ޱȣ
ң˰϶ʹʲôˣϵİô죿֮ԻûͿ̿Ϊǣǣ޷ͻظûа취ȥطǳ룬ϵϰջôǣ͢ôǣΪ氲϶ܱȫ϶𣿡
һܻȫϱ߾ȫĶǶ𣿻дڵ𣿶ңҪûϴĻ֮Ӧûвˣǵ۹ϵİɣ
һ䣬һϡ
һܻȫϱ߾ȫĶǶ𡱣仰֮ǰû˶˵ҲûһɲǣٺͿҲ֪仰ǶԵġ
һܻȫϱ߾İ϶˳ɹˣҲѾûдڵıҪˡҽϽչã͵֮£սܣҪ飬ֻа϶˶Ҫݡ
Ǻεȵĳ谡
һ˲϶亹ֱ
ѵĶԣǺͿˡһսһѾûʲô·ˣǵ
жǰҲѡ
¡ʢƣΪˣÿ˶ԼĽرǰ϶گ˹ض꣬ϣˡ䵽ĵزǻĲˡ
ǣԸ£ʳôƽԭʨӳǳǽ̣õļ֮أʳľôѡͻΧÿ˳ⲻһСĿһ㣬Ҫô
ʵ۲û㹻ʳ˹øǴֱɱΧסǾͿˡΪԭװ
һϽɫزѡ
Ȼ˵ʳǡǡǰ϶⡣ʨӳǵʳѾĴˣڵǣһ㣬˸ոյ֮׵ʤ̾ͻΪ߽֮⡣
ǾͲصˡֻа취
⣬Ц
δСⶼûнûһ㹦Σǲܵġ
ĻҲ¶˾ɫȻ֮ǰҲ
Ȼˣж˵ƣȻһӴ˵˼
һ˳
³ƴľ³Ȼû˷˵ĵֻʳѣȻˣôһк˵
գ
˵ʱһصһǿӺ󷽼ٽӽһƥ޴ĺɫͷ裬ɫϣӺ󷽴Ӻ󷽻˹
磬ûκһˮܹ֮ڡ
ˣ
ϣ˶¶𾴵ɫ
ף
һҲϽͷ
ȻѾǵ꣬Ҳ˺պյĹǶڸף廹ǱܵЩ¡
εĲ
ϵĿɨ壬΢΢˵ͷѵһΡ
ף
вһ¡Ȼֻǵ˵һ䣬ֻ֪⿴Ƶһ䡰εĹ˶Ŀ϶ⲻʲôϾԷؾصС£Ҳǹ¥ǶҦСС֡
߹֮£֮أ֮ɲ족սǿԶϷЦеطԹģӴ󣬲̡ѪȵսһֱĽأҵ׶̤սһ㲻үү󲮣Ǹ׶ǳĿ̡
ԴʣսʱҲ׳һ١
˵һ仰Ѿ˶ԼĿ϶ˡȻԼ˽Դϣⳡ۹ս飬ҲѾˡ
ոǵ̸ҶѾˡ
ϲ֪ʲôĿͣƬ̣ܿƵϡ
ˡ
һȺ˷׷¶ɫǳء
ƬսϣλͨģĸˡǺͨͬȻңȴǿԼʵһһزһ½֪
ᣬҸΪ˾Ȱ϶վģҲҷǳأͬʱսԸǵԭ
һ˵Ĳڴ˲ܲȣİ϶ܲȡһоͰ˵ɣ
ϵԼ࣬һ仰Ϊⳡ۵춨˻
ǣˣ
˺ȻӦŵ
Ǵˣɫ谵磬ڸ֪ڴ
Ƭ̺һ䰲϶ͻȻԥŵ
Ͳصˡ
һЦͻȻ̤˳ͨ˵˲֪ô֪ܲ
ӥ
ণ
һֻӥӥ˲ĿУգŶϷȥ

ͬʱû֪֮еһطͨĴѾ˼ȵΣ֮С
ˣ
սޱȡ£һڵɽ棬İ϶˹顣ͷ٤졢˹޲ͬ˹˵ĹȻһһ಻糱ˮһ㡣
һ̣϶ܵѹġ

ɽϣһͨѪ۾ȭͷͣĴԼϥǡսҪΡ֮ԻûԲлֻΪϴûʧ
ڿҲˡ
Ϊʲôأ޷ǵ̫ˣͨǵĶ֣ҲһḶ۵ģ
ͨмߺ޲ѡ
ⳡսܵΪ㵵ľˡ϶ض꣬گ˹һֱల¡Ǹ޷һͻϮһǳأ֮׵ĺƽ˲֧顣
ʼõϢʱͨʵǲŵġΪ󴫡
ѾΪĳǳǲ˵ѵģЩصʬҲǲ˵ѵġ
һսͨһֱΪԼڳͽʽжҪҲֻگһֱӡԵ޺ͻش˹ؾӳֵʱͨе𾪾Ϳ֪
û뵽گ˹صĵӾȻô³ǰŲ뿪ϵؽ磬ʦǾͷⳡսһȫս
ͨͶɣǵĶ֣
ıУһͻȻɽ´Ȼ˵ԣȴΪӲ
ƨ
ͨվ˫Ŀѣ
أ㲻Ҫ⡣϶κˡʨӳûУھ͸ӲᡣҪǣƾԼıɣ
¡¡һɽ𵴶£ɢƬأĻͨŭбһ
ߣԸ
ɽңңԵĵطɫһںĿף罣ָ񷣺

ĺŽʱ쳹ء
Ǹоرۣ˯ˡ첹ϣ£һ£


537 ΧԮľϣ

磬ǵأҰѾ׼Ҳòϣ̬ķչԶԶԼԤڡ
ǰ淢˹ټʮ򣡡
ڴˣа϶ȫΧ
Ѿȷ˹ش󽫻ش죡

һϵĲ̤ȫϢȻ˫СٵԶֹһ
Ϸַ٤졢˹޴˹֮ƣڷ
̶Ϣʱ䣬һ϶ĳս̤
ͷ£ڴϵϣ죬һʱ䣬ճأ˭Ҳû˵
ءǸ˭Ҳ֣ϣϣһĻǷˡͨĴ׷ˣ֮ǰ˻ܣߵķ٤졢˹޾Ȼʱٴθ˹
ڱö˼Ϊ
ӣǸô죿
ʶģһ϶ĽʿˮѵתŲӣһԵ塣ⳡսУ϶ܹҴĳǾеľ񣬼оӥָܹһֶԷټ
ʱԲ̫ȵ٤졢˹ޣԼصʮԼһľӣʱлȴ˵ľ·һ
ʱȣ˱Ҫʱȫûκΰ취ֻǼϣһԵ塣
ⳡսУôһܹ߳Ŀǰ־ĻҲֻˡ
ӣ
ӣ

һ˵ĿȫͶϡ³ƣߵȨҲֻˣŷˡ
⡭
üͷǰ־棬ܹô
ΪѾ˷٤ͽ˹ޣû뵽תһȦָ˻һǵõϢԲصظϻϵġ
Ĭд˷
ܹô׷ͨѾԾˡû뵽٤ͽ˹Ҳ֮졣ڼʱ֮ǰѾǸ򣬺ǰλԯޣúԶû뵽һȦ似ĳ
˹˱ڶ࣬ټϷ٤졢˹ֺô϶൱˹չսˡ
ûһķ˵ԲԼҪġ
οһ׼ĺֶֺܶξȫòˡ
Ұ϶ĿǰסھͺǾһսԲϣļƻȫһġ
ʲô뷨ֱ˵ɣôҺλ֧㡣
һϤӶߴµĺ룬ͻȻҲˡĮ䣬ȴһů
룡
̧ͷյԺд˷˲Ϣͷʱȣǰľƶڰ϶˵ٲˡ뾡취
ΧԮ
ƺһɲǵʱ䣬ַ·ͣ˵ڴ֮УͻȻһǰ˭Ҳû֣
ڴǱһʱỹԶסʲô⡣٤ͽ˹ȴǲöԸĴУΣԲǻϡҡܾܲڴǣͿⳡսˣ
˵ӹһĨ˵⡣
ϵľѾٲˣκ鶼ǾԵģһ˵ߵĲңѾûʲôǱľ档
ң˹ʮ࣬ȥ٤ͽ˹޵ҲӦûʮڴǱҲʮ㣬ټʣҲ൱ʧ˱С٣һʱܹġ⣬ǵĻڣֻҪݻٷ٤ǣٺڴ˻ϣǵı˹˲١ԸʮսǰλҲһ
ǰ漸лһЩã̫ס棬ж͸Ĺ
۵ʵ϶گˣԼϵ˹˲ǡǡ෴˻ЩơȻʮʮ򣬶ڰ϶˵ܵش
Ǵİ϶ȫǾеľʵûм٣Խǿ󡣾һ˵˵ƷԶûô
˵ĲڴǻϣǵʵȫԺͻһս
˿壬Ŀ׷óг˶־
ˣ
һӣ˵һȣȳ۳Ҷȥ
¡¡󣬴档



538 ͻϮ֮Ľ˹ޣ
裬Ӱɽˮв
˹ޣԪ˧ǰ棬һôԪ˧𣿡
֮У٤Ųдڽ˹ԣͻȻƳŵ
֪
˹޻شĸɴ䡣սѾ˹ɢȥ˰׻ʱͿԿ˹һһװ˶Ĵ󺺣ȫûκ˹˰Сӡ
Ӹвͬ˹УҲ˶ôС佫𼸺˸󣬺ͨ˹߾ͬ
ڣҲ֪ôˡ
˹޵Ҷϣһֶ״וּ൱ơ
׷ϸһսӽ˹ʿս˽࣬ĲҰǰδеġս˴ϡͿа˳ϵˣսսһʱʱ޷սǰߣֻɢʱ򣬲˰϶׷ɱɢһ
ĲҰܡ˵ʵ˹޵ڶе衣
˹׺ƣ˹˴ǿСⳡսͷβ󲿷˾ûͷӬһˣת˹Ϊ˧Ѵ̡
ǸСӡԲʲôˣ
˹ǸףԲСӣ˶ȭͷҧгݡ
ȻսϡͿȫǱ˼ҵˣһ˹޴ʼն൱ȷеһУǴǸСӵɽӹıȨʼġ
ͷ٤ȻǺųƺڱ棬ǸСӲʮǧȫһָġ
Ȼ֪ĵϸǾԲͨСӵͣûݱָӵ˰϶
٤йâתֺγеɻ
٤ٳ԰̣Ϊگ̫ӣƾöΪ֮͵Ĵڣ٤ʵ൱ĽԴƵĹȻԶǿگζԴƵж٤ȴǼᶨսɡ
һս÷٤˼㡣
䶨ˣ϶Ҳ䶨ˣ
گڿüӴƵӰӱҲڿһ̫ӣ
Ȼʱ򣬷٤һ̡
һǴ̣
ںʹƵⳡս٤һֱǳأڣϵսϵһγһһȫܿƣȫ֪﷢չı
ⳡսԶûнǻٴνֵģ
٤а
εʧ³ͻȻϸ˵սگ˾ߵЩּս˵ʲô˵ָ˹˵ҲԷ٤콾ԸԸ׷䡣

٤ͻȻƤһĨ⣺
ǱֵǻƾԲǰ϶ҲҸӴľӡԿ϶ЩӾԲʨӳ˹ޣƵԮ˵Ѿ󽫾𣿡
ǰǧȷ㲻Ϊ󽫾˵Ѱɣ
˹ͻȻӦ
ƾȫûһ
٤׷ʵ
⡭ôܣֲƽأҪȫ̸ס
˹޵
ô˵ɱһ֣в©֮ඣˣ˹ޣƵľʦο˸˵Ķ֡
٤΢΢һ۾Ŀ·𴩹ɵʲô
ˣǰ󽫾Ѿͨİ϶üλٴϹȥ
ڴʱͻȻһļǰ
ߣ죡
٤ͽ˹ɫ΢䣬һӣæǰȥɣɫؼҰԽԽսգͣӿǰȥ
Ƿ٤ͽ˹أ˭ûע⵽ΧͻȻЩ죬Щɢȥĳʮа˸ûлʱѾĹ˼Щˡ
ɱ
ڴͨһƬܼشʱͻȻ֮䣬һɱӻɵĴд˻ûзӦ飬һһִĳХƿնϣһ˹ܶ˻У˴һ
ãȫ䱸Ϯ
˹ľ쳹ء³ͻʣһƥƥ׷ܾ
Ȼû˷ӦһϤӶд
٤죬˹ޣҵǺܾˡΪӵɣ
¡һ䣬ƾصĵطɱ
ǸСӣ
˹޺ͷ٤ɫˡ
Ȼڶ֪Ǹصʲô·ǶǸôǡ
ô£ô֪
˹һҲǷͬСɡ
һսǱ׷ɱԶ˺ô󹦷ųɹˡ֮˺ԶһȦΪѾǣû뵽һȦȻǡ
࣬ӽɱֻʣ㣬֧ѾǾ֮ʿ䵽˼㡣
Ƿ٤ͽ˹ҲԲԸʱǡ
ˣ
̵ֻĺգ٤ͽ˹ɫ԰ףһ˿ս־ûУϽݶķӶȥ٤˵ķӦν죬弴Ȼ׼ηһѡͨһ²ųôô׵ĳˡ
Щģ
㼱٣׷ɣɴ֮Уһֻǧ˵һȳȥ
Сĵˣ
һ˹׷׽к
¡
ûȺܶ˷ӦֻƾѾ۵糸ͬһݺݵ˹˵Ķ֮С
סǣ
࣬Ҫ£
ɱǣǧҲҳǣҪ£ɱǣ

˹˵׺뵽ġǧ˾͸ҶԳ˹ؾһ˹ﶼһĻŭˡﬣʯ䣬ĩβһҪߵ˹ͻȻ֮عͷֻҵɱһ
ֻֻľӱȮһ˻ɱһƬ˾ֹҲˡ
ˣˣҪǾֻƾĿľҪסǣ
٤켱ôеǧƾôװ˹
֧ʼĿľͲжɱˣǵĿľסԼٶԶѷ£Ҳܺ˵ĴѡڣһѾˡ
С̫ƻˣ
٤а޲ѡ
ɱ
ķչȫͷ٤Ԥϵһǧ˹ͲסתͷɱһʱߵĴƲӿ˻δַɸǹԼַѾǰ
ݣ
ݶХУһһ˹͵ڵϡ
϶һһǧͷַڶǹͶܱɱһһˮһû˿ĳ͡ల϶зӵǰȫͬն
Щͷʹɱһ˹û̫෴Ӧʱ򣬾ѾǹܲΧۣͷĶУһһ˹˴׹˵ٶȱĶҪöࡣ


539 ˹˺˹

˹޿һĻ۾ˡû⣬Щתͷƾ˶ˡ
٤ٳˣϺ󣡿죡
𣡡
һལ˹޻һɵɫâֻһͻһֻ޴ĵ׻ȥ
ùܽ˹ޣҽǣͶԸ˹
֮УĿ棬ڰڱϣĿңԶ˹ޡ
ڵĽ˹޺ͷ٤Զû֮ǰôвҲȫв塣
һĻ
ͫеӳԶ˹ӰüӹһĨŨصɱһʱһʱ˹ڻҷƾ踸ϣӥƽԼʵ˹޿¾·һ
嵹ϣ˹ܹɱǳ棬ֱԼն֮ϧ˹޻һǵġʮƾ׷ɱ˫ĽӴ˹޶˵κεĵ飬ͷܡ
ߣܵÿ죡
Цһûȥ׷ɱ
˹ּĸֻҪԼһ˼ܣҲûа취
Ҫǣȫ֣սپЩ˹ˣʱ䲻࣡

ⳡսνʷɵһսˣĴԸǧ˹ȫɨҶһ㡣ֻһвΪߵͷԸƾ˹ȫն¡
ߵķ٤ͽ˹ޣȥ˵ĿѾﵽǾѾҪˡ
ʱ䲻ˣʰһ¶߰ɡҪǰһصˡ
ϣӸ£˵

һ֧˵ͻȻһѸٵĴɨսѼ
еһУеȫǸ˾ְİž
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬սɨĸɸɾѸٵ뿪սΪⳡսһ

ǰִ˵ټд˿
٤ͽ˹޽ţܵƾ

̶ʱڣ߱ͬķ񱼹ڻصǰ
ʲô
ǻӵд󽫼ΪңյЩͻϢҲüͷЩסˣ
ƾô£ǲ߰𣿶ȫôܻܵϵؽ绹ʲôܹƽԭش߰
ˡҲ֪Ƿ٤졢˹޽ȷʵܵ˹
ŵ˹һһϽµ
ˣҪҪȥһ£߷ֱԮһ¡٤ͽ˹˵ȥ׷϶ˣȴϷַԯޣʮǧûгʲô飬ǾԲܳǸġ
һģҰԺʹԵͻȻԱߴԣһţͷϼᣬͬһһ׳ڵĿ⾫ߣ̫Ѩ¡ɢϢƺƵ֮˹޻Ҫǿ
ܹڻôģҲֻ廢֮׵ġհ͡ˡ
հͱǸԭϵĹ¶ӦΪ죬Ӥͬ˴ѩɽʥϡѩɽеĸɮհѧϰһĴѩɽѧ
廢УհͿǴѩɽѧ࣬Ĵڡ
¡
ֱǴɣ߻ûͻȻ֮䣬ϷɽͻȻһ죬һӺͶеɧﴫɱԽĵײڶ
һ´ϣǻػհͷ׷̧ͷ˹ȥ
ǸλãͰ϶ûнӴȫӦ鷢

ɽŵ߱ԤеĻҪֻܶ࣬һʱ䣬һ΢ֵ˹˹һڵϣæ
ˣǰ洫Ϣܵ˵Ĺ
ʲô
ɫһɫʱѿޱȡһ֧ƾ֡٤ͽ˹޵ĴܵԼʮܵ˹裬һʱ䣬濪Ҳ֪˶ٵˡ
ôʿôܵ˵Ĺհͣȥ鿴
ǣˣ
հͺݺݵӦһһݣԾһƥɳ۶ȥ

ϷʱصƬ֮ǰ
¡¡
һ֮з׹⽫յһƬס׵׹пһȺ˹飬ɽ£׼ɽɱȥһƬɱ
غڴʱһܼͻȻԶ͸Ļ΢ĹâԿ´µĺӰһͷ۳Ҷ
ʲôˣ
һսѹָӹоתͷԶһ
Լˣ̫ӷ٤ͽ˹ģ
Ƭ֮Զһ͵͵ģ΢Щģ˹Ϥսѹָеľ轵ࡣ˶˹ؼӣ˵˹ǿԿ϶ġ
̫ӷ٤죿ǲܵ󽫾ίɣǰȥ׷ɱһֻ϶𣿡
սѹָӹٵаЩ졣
Щ̫λָȱġ
ѹ϶һûдĽӵ
գ
˻˵ʲôЩ˴ԽĻˡУЩϵ˹ؿɼ
Լˣ̫̫࣬ˡ
г˿˾衣
һ̣ɾ裬ûзһ̣һһĳǹǹͷѸٵֻһǹۣǹӲӵĵط˽ȥӺͻ˳һѪ
áÿǹ
ԺͷǰһڣȻʲô֪
֣
һŭƣǹһ˹ؽʬ׳Զ˲´˽
ɱ
һ̣ǧ˹ˡһͻȻѣܵ˹˶ȥۣдѪͣĴܴ⸭ܶ˸Ӧͱһǹ¡
ˣ
Ǹǵˣ
Сģɱǣ

һȺ˹־ŭ׷׽кֵġ˹ؾӡնɱȥǶڸһĻ˵ȫֱ治ô£
׷ʲôΪʲôԼ˴ˣ
׷ʲô
ǲǵˣˣ
ĸˣ

У˲һƬҡȫɽϵͨͰٲ֮û֪ʲôսҲͰˣⳡɵıӰ˺ܶ˵ߡ
˸ˣԶ󲿷ֵ˹սʿĶԼɱԼˣȫֲ˭˭
Ҫͣɢǣ
ٴ
Χ˹Զƾֻ࣬Ҫ˲ͣͣһط˹˱㲻ֱܷó˹˺ˡֽǡǡһˡ
ﬣ
䣬棬һӰ鴤Ųͣĵ¡Ϸ˹˵עɽϣ˭Ҳû뵽ǧ϶ĳ£ɧңϵ


540 仯佫⻷
ԭ˺˹˱кԵ߲ģôȥ˵Ⱦķϣŵˡһ˹ȫ޷ֱԭ˺˹ˡ
˵
û˵꣬˹˱һǹ͸£ϵ
ǧɱ˶ǧ˹ˣһ˶˵ĴҪĿ겢ǵɱУֻϺܶࡣ
ߣ
岢ûսǧϵ˹ش˸飬ȻһХȥ
Ҫս˸
һƬƬнϸߣս¡¡Ѹٵķɳ۶ȥ˻ûзӦʱ򣬾Ѿɳ۶ȥ
׷
һ˹˿һĻζҪըˡ
ʮ˹شȻǧƾʲôʱ׺˹˿ˣ
ɱǣ
֮Уһ˹ؽ۾һ죬͵һе˹䵶һһĨ缲֮С¡¡һȺŭ˹ŭţҲų˳ȥ
ɴһǰһѸٵʧڴ֮С

죡
ɵĻ֮УӱޣͣĶŴһƬǧԸоóǧƵ˹˴Ӻ˹
ˣϹˣ
ӥϤӶߴͬһƥϣ񱼡
ӥ˹˵ĿЩ̫ʺҲɱһĸߴ˹ؽǿճһ׿
жϳ𣿡
ʵ
ӥû˵ͷաˮžžĴϣӥĿȴǿͷͣһȦӵľӥ
ǧң
ӥƬ̺
ûôߵǻۣܹһȥˡӥַͨʽѵͷӥжϳ𣬲÷ͼα
ߣЩ˹˻̫Ƶǰ
Ц
Ȼһ˳ɱӽԼһ˹ն£˹ȻΪԼսʲô⣬ǹ鹦ͻϮһ档
ˣˣ
ӥĿȻգһȴԼֻӥв֪ʲôʱֵһֻࡣֻ౾˹صݣƿոУӥѵˣĿġ
ѵӥ棬ڳ׶ε˹˺ӥ̫Զˡ
Ȼʱִ٣ӥҲûа취ڶʱڽ˹˵ӥѵԼľӥĵزǽֻǼ򵥵ѵһЩ򵥵⻹ûġ
Ǳ߳ȻҲû취жϵǲǻǱ߳ˣǱ߾˶
ӥޱȡ
ʱѵĺණĺôǿ˹ˣǵľ裬Ƿֱ治Լˣ˵ģʵϣⱾǵġ
ôĶûзӦˡսͨͰ϶ɽǣơʱճԸǣʮа˾Ӧɳ廢еˡǱʱͲȥɣ
ĿйâתȻûۿ˹شĶȴжϸ˾Ųʮ
ùǣ߰ɣѺЩһĿĵȥ
˵仰˫һУǰȥ
¡¡
Ҫˣ

ս¡¡ǧը˹Ѫ۾Ϊһɫĸܼ˵ٶӵ˼¡
һǧɣ
ɣ
ɣ
һɣ

ԽԽ谵Уֻǰƾ˭Ҳûע⵽ΧԽԽ࣬ǾĴҲԽԽԶ
¡
׷ʮɵʱͻ𣬺𣬾ھ֮ԶĵطһԺںΪĵطˮ춯һͻȻӵԾﬣһֻһͷͽһ˶ͷ벱ն
ϣ
ս˻ҸΧһƬšսɱڸٱͻ£˹˦ܶ࣬ݺݵײڵϣƬˮۣһĸ谵֮ԭͨͨΪĵشһһǹܱԾǹݡøöģ˷˶ֱϵ
ôľ룬˹ȫ
飡
һһ˹˲ϵı䣬˸谵Уǧ򣬲֪ٴʿ˳

Сģ
ƾƾ
ϵˣӣ

˹Ĳҽ쳹գһڻ谵Ťǿ־ɫһ֧ǧƾȫû뵽ôľȻôĴƲ䡣
϶һֻ϶
ֻ̡־쳹գ˷Ӧ϶ֳ֧ڴɢѾʲôܡ٤ͽ˹޾ȥ׷ɱǵģͰϢȥˡ
һ֧϶Ѿڷ߳Զ˭Ҳû뵽ǾȻʱ
ӣ
ֻǧ˵˹ؾʿѾ׵ɢˡҪܣѾˡϣغսѾǧİ϶ﷴɱء
ͣ
ǹһսûϹۣԲսһ˹˵£һɹɾѪҲӿڡֱ֮УûмٵԽۺ
ǹ
·һҹգڱнƬˮȻһ㣬һǹ˶ʮһ벻˹ؽڡ侳صʵǹ侳µ߼Ƕ֡
˹صͷֻҡһ£Բ۾Եȥ˾ľȶûôܡͷܶҲпսϣ˵ʵۿֻۣһǹ㱻¡
ϲɱ죬佫⻷֮С
ע֮ͣС佫ĵˣֻҪΪУĵˣܵ⻷
÷룺е佫ù⻷ǡ֮С⻷Ľ汾Ƴ֮й⻷佫µʿƣ
ע⣡Ŀǰֻǽ佫⻷Ҫʽ֮С⻷Ҫɽһ񣡡

ͻȻ֮䣬һܵԺٲһХ¡¡ͬһ䣬׼һ˹֪һ仯ʱסˡ
佫⻷ô£ѵ֮й⻷佫⻷
ץųǹݻĶһʱ֮סˡ
ԡ֮С⻷ֳսȫ۸ԵģһֱΪӦþ佫ӵеʵڿȻǡ
֮ʯ佫⻷֮ô£
һݣһһնӼҵսеսͬʱԺе֮ʯȥѯϢ֮ʯȻôش𣬵һֻҪ漰̫ؼϢظ


541 ƣڱϮţ
佫⻷˼飬ֻ佫Ķǿߡ֮й⻷Իӡ
Ժд֮ʯ
佫⻷ˡ򽫹⻷ʲôĹ⻷𣿻˵佫⻷ָľ򽫹⻷
üٴε
佫⻷ֻ򽫹⻷رԵ𡣱ʳ⻷֧⻷ЩҪԼȥã
ٴε
ʳ⻷
֣ü͵һ£ʯ·ͷӹԺоץסʲôϸ˼ʱַ·ʲôûץ
ôʽ֮С⻷
ɫ
֮й⻷ƴսϼ켶Ĵڣֹ⻷ȱҲǺԡǾ޷佫áԲǰ˳ǣǰ³ֻǷ٤ԼǿߣĹ⻷Ǹûõġ
֮й⻷һоͽȻͬ
ȻΡ˵ͣȡ㣬Լκδȡ;;ȻӰ졣ܹ佫Ĺ⻷ôⳡսĪİ
֮С⻷Ҫһɱʮ죻ڶսлɱһ侳ǿߣ֮С⻷ﵽأȫ㣬ʽ֮С⻷
ˣ
жʱһһһЩĸס֮й⻷ĽȫָһսָӰ϶˷٤졢˹ָӵĴ
֮й⻷Ȼûдﵽ
ֻǸоӦǲԶˣǵ׻жԶҲȫûס
ңˣҲҪɱһ侳ǿߣ֮ʯָ棬ȷָսУ仰˵Ҫɻɱһ侳ǿߵġǰҲûлɱ侳ǿߣǴ󲿷ֶڶɥʧֵ£СյԷڵһ
֮ʯᵽǲһġ
շⳡսõĺãԿԴɿ佫֮
ͷһתܿ찲
֮ʯǾԲɵġⳡģƴ漰۹սУһжпܵġܹɹ佫֮˵ΪıⳡսĹؼ
׼һ£Ѹ뿪˹Ǳʱܲ죬Ǳ뾡һ
ع˻ֵ
˷֮սѾ䣬Ϊη׼϶ǧҪԸǧ˹֮£ĲҪ̫ס
ⳡսıеҪϺܶࡣ
ָ£ǧ϶սʿѸٰЩ˹ϵףҲϺõսǣĲһʹáЩ˹˵Ŀ׺µġ˹Ѹٴǧ˱˰ǧˡ
ˣ
Щʮ㣬ԲǸԭֵġ˹ˡ˵ͷ֮нʱ˺͡սºչⳡȴʹһгΪ˿ܡ
ֻҪʱһһоǡαװ
ȱݾԷˣ˹ǺױʶƵģӲˡԼܽ⡣
Ҫͨ˹ʱǲܵģģ̻Ǽ򵥵ģ̲ʱ˹ӦԻǺܼ򵥵ġ
ʱȣߣ
˼ӣֵ֮УȻѸٵĳ
¡¡һܼУ϶ѸһΪֻһֻϣһֻֻһʧĻ֮УˮþͺǾͺûгֹһ

գ
֮УһӰԶѸӽ
ʲôˣ
ɽ£һ˹ص鳤ѸٵѶӶתӭȥȵ
ǣȺû׷̫ܵˣ
Ϊ׵ġ˹ءݺݵĴһգһߺ޺Ρ
ˣ
˹鳤üƺҲЩʣ
ǵزǱôܵˣ
ˣ
Ϊ׵˹ؽƺҲһŷԼĻʱ·ˣͷﹾһ䣬˵ʲô
˵ʲô
˹鳤߽ȥһʵ
˵
˹ؽЩģ塣
˵ʲô
˵ǡ
ʵ̫ˣ˹ؽԽģˡ˹鳤üͷ˴ΣҲ˵ˣԲӭȥ
ߣ
ڴʱ˭Ҳûע⵽˹ؽЦһӹһĨЦݡ
˹֪ޣҲ̵Щ浱ȻֻϹˡӽҲѾ㹻ˡ
ֵǣ棡
һȣ˹ؽڲαװֻĸ߾ٹͷȻХһ˽¡ʯ쾪ԭʿ䣬һͷɥġ˹ؾͻȻ̧֮ͷһϱ˵Ϣ
ɱ
ս̤ĽǧƵİ϶˲ǰ׼˹ؾ˽

ͬʱһط
˭
ܴ󽫾ǰ֧Ԯ
£һ˹Ÿͷˣųǧ̤
䣡
һ̣˴㵵ĿУǳǧһͷ˴֮С
ϡϣطȫܵˡԼˡĹ
Щûȫ˹صףȫֲǴ˻˹ˡңЩαװʱֵҲǧٹ֣˷ʤͬʱսķʽҲսپ
ûط˸ϹǾѾǰˡ
ڼȵĻ£˹˹˹ϵɧңֱӵĺʹĻ̻̣һ֮ͬ񣬵¾ͨΪ˶֪ĵԼˣˡ
ģ˶ˣ
ôǵĿ׶ˣ
꣬ɫԽԽˣӷֲ壡

һ˹ؽȭͷз겻ѡ
κʱ򣬰϶ôɼֱڣΧɽͨжڽСڸܵУͲֱܷȥѲңһݺԵĿ͹ʵǣ
Ȼʱмһ·׷·սڣѾӽʱ֡յɢȥҲʲôʺѰĺʱ
ҪǣܷôεƾӪ飬˹ȴȫֲԷ˶ˡ
ʼʱ˹ΪֻһȻֻܵǶԷڹŪ顣ȫôˡΪʱͬʱܵ˴ģϮ
Щմߣȥȥڱ˵ײʿ˹ذϵ׺佫Ҳ㲻ԷںҹǱ˶ˡ

Щ˹˵ڸʲô
ͬʱɽۣ֮һȫװụ̈Ϣɽ佫˫ŷɽ£üͷ
ڹŪ飬𣿡
һݵ佫ĿףѪ߰ߣǵۣĶսϣϽǾкͽ
ǣ
ü̵佫ҡҡͷ
ȻʼҲΪ˹˹ǣǷɾ裬ȻǣֺӼߣԸ񣬾ԲмռϷ»ʹַʽԸǡȫǻ㣬ң⿴ɲϷѰ


542 ͻբصĳ
ڣϵؽ磬˭ǣѵҸӣǣǲѾӳԶѵǻʱǣ
ݵ佫üԽɻʶģŤͷǰĴ󶼻ͨ
ͨǰζ³ѡģûⳡ⣬ȫڣлʲô飬³ķϣҲû˸˵ʲôڡ
˶֪϶룬ڲΣأ߽⡣ҪȻҲ൱İ϶սʿҸ뿪ˡ
ˣӵͨԸ˳³ŵȻв١
ʤ˱ҳ¡սʤǱ֮һЩʮگ㳲˹˶ˣܼʮĴζǰ϶ǵ˿ԶԸġ
ɡڵ۹ǰûзǴ󶼻³Ҳһûа취
Ҳ֪
ͨɽ¾þòҸӣȷʵ鸴ӣȴԶԶ̸Ϻޡ෴һЩ顣λӽʨӳǣҸӼʱϵʿϴȫûˡ
ͨһֱףԼĲѧһ佫Ǵ´ģһأԶµĵ۹󶼻ȴԶԶ硣
һж³˵˼ͨҲֻбʾ˳ӡ
ô϶ӣ䵽أԴ
Ȼ֪ô£һԿ϶ͳɽµ˾ԲҸӣ
ͨһܿعڽڶĲΪ˧֮취߳ǰе֣
ϵķϽ࣬Ը񣬾ʹϮķʽȻı䶼˸Ҳҿɼ¡ȻһУ
涼˶꣬ͨʵȻﲻּ𣬵۽绹Ƿġ
ǣҸӣʱ𣿡
ü̵佫ʱɲ
ϵĽܳ죬ڱԷܹﵽּͨģĿǰҲֻҸˡǶǣôڣָӴɽ¹˹˵ֻʲôˣ
ü佫һʱסˣʵǳԤϡ
ѵ˵ڵϻʲôﲻɣѵǣѾս𣿡
ü̵佫д˷
öˡʲôһǿԿ϶ģԷѷǵУȥȫǣǡ
ͨĿоâһұһ٣ԥ´
ͨ¡¡ת
ȻҰͨǵ۲أͨȴǾԵĺԾĵˣȻûܽʵĲ׻
ɱ
սͺɱ쳹ٴ˼ҵս֮С

ˣϷܵ˹
Էðǵˣʧأ
ȥǾͲˣ
ˣϷҲܵ˹

ͬʱɽ£ؿһƥһ˶ߵϡΧһһĴٲϵ˳ֽ޺֮ʼǻ벻ġսɧҵֶξܹȡʤôսôˣҶַʽͿˡ
ӵʮͳϵʮ񣬶ڻ˵ԷַʽֻСӵֶѣ߸׼ȷ˵ȡ
ǽȫˡ
ϡϡеķλȫܵ˹Ĺȫҡ
ɽ£ĸλĴһƬңָӶûа취
ͨϮŵķʽǧȴԼʮɧųӣԻص۽磬ⶼǲ˼顣
ʲôʱ򣬰϶ôˣ
йâתһâʵʰ㡣
ⳡϮŴӿʼڣڷԼһ󡣶Էָӹڱչֳ˳ǿ裬κ佫Աġ߸׼ȷ˵ڴ֮ǰػûмκ˿ԽϮŷӵֵز
ˣô죿ҪҪ·ֳһֻרŶԸǣ
һϤӶߴհŸɧѾϮŪûðɡϮŸʲôֻҪץסһΣɸɾ
֪ΪʲôȻһζûץ
ͣıλãüǱͳͳûץЩ˵ټհȫŪԼǲ˼㣬˵ʲôԭ
ˣ
ذ˰֣
ģĵԷĶĿңҲɢǵıҪǡѾ˶ˣȥﶼûˣ
һ仰ؿߵŹ֮д⡣

֮ǰǼհһӴסˡ
ߣѵΪ㵽ڶղ棬ֻ𣿡
һʲôɺϣֻԼ۾հ;Ǳˡ
ǣôܣ
հһԾʮ˹صʿô飬ԷôֱܷλáʵϣӶԷλհԼҲʱصĶסԼ
ʵϣǲܰ쵽顣
𰸹ھˣ֮£հܲץסԷǻˣǺݺһҪˡ
ûʲôǲܵġ
صûԱߵհ̧ͣ״ͷահһĬĬĳ
ԣǲܣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һӹԺհͻһ˳ŻصĿ͵̧ͷͷաͷϿգƵʹһƼȻܼı꣬һſžž˴ϡ
ֻǣ֮ʲôҲ
ԣһʲô
հͺݺݵȭͷӿһ˵ĸоȻʲôҲԿ϶ƺһʲô
㷴Ӧ
صƽࡣȻЩٶۣհܹ黹ǷӦˡֱʮƣҪ׼һ˵Ķ򼸺ǲܡǲܲȫ
٣յĻհͲʲôܿԡ
ԷӦжϳΪ˧ҪоɳȥģҲֻǡ˳ڹذϣ˹޺گ̫һʣµľôȼ廢֮ǿֻҪͿˡ
صĿ棬·ѿ͸˱ࡣⷭȻľѣΪȷʵˡغų³ĴڣȻȷʵˣС
հͣȥ˶ϣǡңⳡ־ôãҲóȥһˣ
ػ˻֣һʮֱ϶ȥ
˭ֻҪ㻹ⳡϷͱضҵ
ϣر۾ᣬԺд˷
ȻһֱоҲûáЩ˵Ĺң޹ɿԣѴҳ˿켣û⣬һϮĵط͸ϡ
ܶԷ˭һΡҪȫû
ԺͷȫϢͬһһ㣬Ѹٵ뵽˷֮С


543 棡εĽ
ӣǽ
ޣڻɵĻ塢ӥ켸֧꽽͸ĴһĲѾãɽµĴһƬңȫרĽɽϵİ϶
ӥ;ôãҲǵһս˺졣
һֵĸоʮ˹صһŪãʱܷǡİ£ƫƫÿνоաоգһ˹Ūڹ֮䣬һƬҡ
ӥսпᡢѪʱȫͬ
ôһɲǣӥòϣԼеָоˡ
ٽˣ
ϣȫӥ⣺
ˣ˹˻һءǰܹ֣һȻǹ滮õһ֣ǻСǡ֮ǰҲˣ鷢չֵزǾΪ󽫼ˣ

ӥһסˡ
ϷŪʮ˹شǿĶŪڹ֮ĸо˳ѣһʱˣ˹صĴʼûжΪ˹صĴоûж
һͷ£ӥһ䣬һ˹
۹󽫼ӵоصãǵĸʵ˵۸һսǸıʤܻȫԵġĿǰ״̬ûػãˣǧǸ˵»ء
٣Ҫشȫ׾٣
һʱˣԶˣ
ôãˣ
Ƴһӥ˶ٵ
ңҪǵĿʲô
ӽѵǣҴˡ
ˣӥһ䣬亹һѹûһʼѾ˵жĿģϮţĿĲֻɱСƾǵľӣлĴ
˵Ŀֻǣƶѣ
ȴյĿġ
ˣô
ӥ
ߣϮôãҲǲȡжˡҵжɣ⣬ɽϵڴ󶼻Ϣɡûϣ˵ġ
Ŀ͸գԶɽ۵
ƺ˹ǻоսģǽ죬ڣ֮ȰͨԼļ϶˵ȫƽĴⳡж壡
ǣӣ
ӥ̬ޱȣ˶٣뵽ʲô
ǹӣȥȫٻء

ҡҡͷĿ䣬ͷƣӹһĨ˵Ĺâ
жȻҪôܹɹأ
ӥЩãȻĿ壬ȫʲô֮ǰѾĽ飬ڣȴ˵ж
ǰȫһľӥһʱãȻѣȫ׼е뷨
ǣ
ӥͷֻһЦûϸ͡ŤͷĿ͸صĺڰɽ͵Ϸ
أû⣬Ӧþɣǻۣܲϧ
һĨĹâûȥ
£磬ؾ⼶Ĵڡ۹󽫼ﲻǻۻͨ佫Աġ
ͨĶ֣»治ǻصĶֻ֡ϧصĶԼλ˹ص۹Ĵ󽫿Ҳ񲻵Ķһλڸµġʥ
벻ڽˡȻʱַʽ
а
ǰһźǴЩ۷ʱ˺ЩԺյģµĵ۹󽫡Ԫ˧һϸµĻᡣ
һ貵ʱԼΪԺյġʥȴûкЩıｻ֡
УһֱǸź
źڲˡ
ܣⳡĴ۾Ǵƺ˹۹ԺʮĹˣԼϽյ
ⳡս䲻
ӥһ£
عĿѸٱ
ǣӣ
ӥ帽һԽԽȻӦǣѸȥ

ҹɫ֣ɽļսɽ·ԵԽİ
Щ˹˿ף˹ظԭѾӰ˹صĴãǣ˴ıڵɽţȫ䱸ҪԸѾɽͨİ϶Щû˲ˡ
ɫѾԽԽˡ
ɽϣһȺ˿Ŷ谵ı꣬߶Ƚ䱸
¡¡
ӹͻȻһʼ΢ţǽԽԽ졣˵ľʱһӱý
ʲôˣվסٿˣ
һ˹صĽ˫ְ䵶վڴ֮У˹ȡ
ȡͷǵݣ
һ˹ϣĿԶ׷װγϵ䵶Ҳֻˣ˭Ҳû֮ǰΪѾüɱԼ˵ˡ
ڵĻ̻̣һ涼ɶԷݣһ´ɱԼˣͶûȷԷ֮ǰзλ˹˶ǽάȡ
գ
ԽԽڣһӰͣͬڤ߳һ㣬飬ڴ֮С
Ҫ֣Լˣ
ҹдһ˹Щһ˵ţһѸٵĿ
ˣ
ղûзɣԽһʮ˫ְڵϣֱһ
ͷ
ͣ½ŲҪٿ
ǵʲôˣ
쵰Ǹ˵˲Ҫٿ𣿡

һýΪ˵ʱ䣬Էûͣ½ŲԽԽˡ
ǲǵˣ
ҹٴδǸ˵Ȼǰ
СģЩһﲻԾ
սţ㷴Ӧٳٶ۵Ҳоˡô飬˶С
ȻҶ֣ΪȻ޷ȷԷݡ
£žžڸһУ˭ҲȷϣԷǲûԼϾ֮ǰҲ
ߣ
һߣȺ˭Ҳûע⵽ֻһȭͷŶ治ϽӽģһӰЦ
˶ڵĶӰʱֻ·һȺԼ߽ϡ
ɣ
ؿŶ棬·һȺˡ
ʱĻشһʿףȫϢȫһ۹󽫵ӡ
հʱվԱߣҲϲˣ˭֪ʿ̺Իأش֧ӵ
ɣ
ɣ
İɣ
ԽԽڴ֮У޶ԣеɱȴԽԽŨ
ɣ
Ѿ൱ΣˣֻҪǰǰһ㣬Щ˾ͽĹΧֻҪﵽһɣûһ˿ѣ
һ۹󽫵ʵȫ״ݻǡ
ˣ
ŲͻȻȻֹû˿׵£֧ͻȻͣԼĽŲ

𶯣˻ûзӦһļӶӪǵص

ҽ죬һͻȻıһӰ˶ˡǻҲסˡȫûϵЩΪʲôͻȻı˲ԣʹü깥ˡ
˳ԾĻں棡
¡¡ս˻ȺĺӰһ֮ͻȻͷ˵תܡ
˻ûзӦʱ֧ӾѾܵɿˣ
㵣ȣ𾪣
ӵͬʱϣ˶һĻ𾪵Ŀɿڴ
ɱǣ
¡¡˶ͻأı仯ʱֻһ͵ӱͬһ㣬۵糸׷˳ȥ
ߵ𣿡
ز̣ᣬͬӾһ쳹˷¡¡δҵһͬʯһڶİ϶ҵıը


544 ƣɽ

ս˻Ӱҽŷ׷ɳȥڿб㱻Ե˺飬ͬս˷飬ҵĺ˷һӿյÿһ䣬ҵȼա
ص˰ңֵĵط·һ޺̫ŨҵУն·ȼƲµı껹û£ȼɹİɫ
Ѫĩҽſ־壬ɢ
صǿѾ˵Ԥϣǰÿһ˶оԼͬһС
ڸܵɽ纣Ϣɲǣ˸оĶ޾Ŀ־塣
ߣ
ǻأֻŻֻᷢ⣡
ǲĶ֣ߣ
ֻнǲŶԸ

ս¡¡һǿҵĿ־Ħ˹֮ͷݼÿһ˵ࡣ˵ɫɷɷףûһ˿ѪɫΪϵ޵Уÿ˶֪صһ֮ս϶Ǻ˹սһ֮á
ڻصϢϤˡ
ȼŵĺҵ𣬷ϺվһУʨӳʡ
˳ԾǣεжǾľƺͼġٶɵľ룬Ӧǰȫ롣
˭Ҳû뵽صֶξȻ񻯵ֵز
ǿ˵ľϵƣ˵·ȫڡֻôһ£˾ܵش˽µս⻷ϵסԼʵڻ˵ȫء
ֻôһ£ؾʹƾʢս
ߣʱ뵽ӣ̫𣿡
ؿǰɢİ϶ЦһǿҵɱϱΪ˧ǲ׶ġǼȻ˳֣;κܵĻᡣ
ⳡӰô־ҲӦýˣ
Ҫ£ЩĴϮŵܣΪ˹صĴ󽫾ˡ
ھȫɱ⣡һ
ڳȥͬʱ´˹
໣
ɱǣ
һ˷ܵɽɽХȻӻصбһɲƾޱȣضü
ɱǣ
ģץסˣ
Ȼǣ󽫾ڴˣǾȻѰ·
˵Щˡˣ
˹ķһӣˡ
սôã˲ץ˵ټŪڹ֮䣬ŪţԼɱԼˡ
ֱǳ裡
ڿԳڶ
¡¡
ͬӾ̣е˹Ľţƽǰδеٶȸڻصĺ棬ɱȥ
ɣ
İɣ
ɣ

ڴ֮з׷˳ȥԽԽԽԽ
ǰ˲֪ǲΪȫûԤϵ󽫾صĳ֣̫ܵľţѾȫҵˡ
ûᣡ
˵ĻҶ˹˵һõĻᣡ
¡ͬһӹգ˹һݺݵغ˵Ĵ֮С飬䵶ӹһӰ·ոһ׷״ս׹
Ȼһ̣˷ܣڴʱеĽȫȻֹ
һֻεĴס˵Ĳӣס˵ʺһ㣡һϲ˴㵵ɫضסˡ
⣬ôܣ
֪ʲôʱӼٵĳֹͣһĽͻȻŵϱնɱġƾĿ࣬˵Բˡ
ϵġƾˣǸ
Щġƾӡеƾȫͬǵ׺ͨͨģ͸һɳڸߺΣߵƵϷ紵ɹеĸԭ졣ʵϣǸԭ죡
Ǹˣ˹ˣЩ˹صðǣ
һ˹ؽŭĺ
Щϵġƾʲôˣ֮ǰ׷ȥ˹ˣԼһЩսȥ˹ˡһϮڣʵٲ֮ǰȫ֮ǰս˹ʬ塣
ƭˡ
ǰУһƥͷϣüֱ
ֻϵ˿ͷȴûϵβ
ԷԶԼҪƻĶࡣϮ֮ټ٣ʵʵһƭˡһɲǣͻȻַǳõĸо
䣡
ڴʱԶԶģһĺͻȻ֮Ӷ͸ɵĻԭĵĶͻȻһƬ֡ɱŭһƬҹ֪ж˳˹˹˵ķ֮С
ã
Ƥһдв
˵ĵɽ֮ˣ
ݣ
룬һתͷͻȻսĵطȥ
鷢չһѾȫʧءؾ㷴ӦҲ֪ԷϮֻ֮𹥣Ĺڲʾ˳Է֮ǰеϮţȫֻΪ˴ʱ˿̡
ϵƼΪƽֻꡣ¸ء
ôľ룬֮ǰû˿ܹصֵزԷڸʱ;ֱ˺ۣͨԱġ
ϴأʱ˾ȻּزòϣԼ֮ǰСˡ
ˣˣȫֹǣ
нУȻλϣڸµ˹شһҲʧˡ
һʼϮ֮ƣɽûҪȥ
죡ʮӣǹ
ԶԶĸɽϣڴ֮Уϵķһ


545 ͻΧȨĽ
ǹܱ֣еıнϣˮһ㣬һһȲƽɽɱȥ
֮ǰϮŲͬŴһȫ벻ķʽӴѡ˽
ûڡ
ͻƻɵĻһȫ񲻵ķʽ˽˹еĴ֮УǡǡǷĵط
֮ǰͣϮţ˹˵ĽɣԼǲ
˹ص˵ıǰûκܿԡ
㣡ʱȣѾǵҪٶȣ˹˵ս䴩϶

ĸϡӥϽԼξƽ˶ŽΧ־ָŴһͬˮһǰƽ
ϣ
Ľڶ꣬ǹ꣬֯һƬϷе˹ǰļл£ȫɾ
ߵĹϬѡеĴ㣬ǡǡ˹˱ĵطֵϣ޼䣬岻룬ˮòԶԶ˵
ɽϣͨҲѵõķɸ봫顣еĴϽϣȫӶ򷢶
¼лսҲͿ֪
ӣ
ôôƾ
Ҹӣǻعͷˣ
ǵס󽫾أֻд󽫾ܶԸǣֻд󽫾а취

˹Զô׵ʽǿͬһʱͨǿټ⻷֮й⻷Ӱ죬˹ȫǶ֡
ıԶĿҡûиطشĻᣬͰѶ˹˴׵䴩ˡ
ˣˣ
ɽϣ˱ܵһ㣬ͨվɽԽϣһϲɫ
֪ͨ˭ʱ˾Լ
ֻͨҲû뵽ʱȻĻǰѾʧϡɣûʱǣͨǳж
ˣָӴĲҡȮ塣
ɫ£ͨĻҲû˵ֻбɲһ̤ó塣
ڴˣΥˣ
Ҳһǰһ̤Խϣͨǰ
幫ӣ
ͻȻֵ壬ͨ͵ɴ۾һ˼顣
ͨǼģһ³ϡ³ƺ࿴ʮΪԭͨҲ̵ӡ
ң飬ͨҲ˽һЩġھЩ飬ڳķƣⶼͨ˿ġ
ᣬ񵱽ʥƺλΪء
ͨȻҲӡ
ᣬ˰϶սʿʨӳǾһֽġ
ΪͨԶھʦλ幫ӡʵǳмģһʮ꣬ңϻûһٰ
幫ӣȻ㣡
ͨ͵ǰһס˫֣鼤ޱȡȻʱֱ漣һ㡣
֮ͨǰѹûϵġ
Ҳһ̬ͨȿɲԤ֮УҪ֪ô˵Ͼǵ۹Ĵ󶼻λú͸溲ثһƽ롣
Ȼڸܻ㡣
ˣڿɲ̸ʱѾõɽ֮ưѻصˡʱܻʱȣǱϿ뿪
Ҳ˵һţ³Լ˽ơս˲Ϣ䣬ʲôܷκһܵ´֮֡
ҷִ
Ϊûκ˳еֺ
³˸ҵƣˡˣʱ³ԣȥѾȥˣ֮Ǳʵð϶ȫϵ飬Ժһҵ£˻ϣҲ³˵
˵ţ৵һȡһɫŷ
ͨǵ۹Ĵ󶼻ԭʲôλڣͳ˧һ˵ʲôġ³˽ƺױŲȡˡ
Ҳݷ³صҪԭ

еźƣԱĸϣгƽǶһƵ黹ΣŵȻǶǲ֪ġ
ҲûϵιȻҪӹָͨȨ
ڸʲô֣£
ϳȳ
ȴδţĿֻͨ
žž£жûһܹ䵽ֽϡʱȣΧɱ죬Ѿû̫ʱˡ
ȻʱѾͨӦòΌͨܲҲһ취ûС
У
ͨѾʲôĿеĺɫƣһеţ͵һһѹ
еţô򿪣һ۾ܱǾǴ³ױּ
³ƣױţ˵ĿѾӹɡ
ͨôû뵽˾ȻὫϵĴָȨǰʮ꣡
һǺ϶û̫ϵġ
һɲǣͷܿӣͨԺзöϤƺţ֮ǰɽµ춯㱼䣬ͨƺʲô
ˣ
ͨһ£ƿеšЩѾȥˡ³˼ȻԸ⽫Լƽǰ꣬ô˼Ѿ൱
ǷֻǶѡ
Ȼ³ѾԸˣһӹӵľǡϣȫͻΧ
ɽϣͨⳡսһ
䣡
ɽϣھӦһ˲ʿ
ͨȻôʹľͽָȨ˵ϡˣҲΪ⡣
ȫͻΧ
дϲһɽ³ȥͬʱԥ´˴ͻΧ
¡¡һ漰ƺ͵۹˵ĴͻΧôҹпʼˡ
벻Ȼ
ڰУ岢֪һ˫۾ںһֱĬĬע˵ʼһлֻǲ²ĻôڣһһѾɡ
ɽָӴϮţʹ˹ƣڱˣǱˣǰһ·ɽ±۵ꡣ
ֲö˻ὫȨ
ͨжšֻǾͨҲ벻˳ΣھϾȻҲֲܡ
ȻЩԾϸ룬ͨȴȻˡ
һʮȻԶ۹ָӲܣȻ˼飬κһ˶šĻڶʹ¼񼣰ģ˴ʨӳǣͨȴȻˡ
벻ҸӰ
ͨпЦһܿڴг۳ȥ
ȻɽʱͨжϳɽָӴϮŵĲϺӣǵ󣬻֤ȻǡҸӡ
Ҳţ


546 Ϻڵ֣
ǰܱ⣬ǹڣȫƽ
ַʱӦ
ǰʮ󣬳ɢǣ
ַʮһʮܼ䣡

ͬѩһ㣬ɴһƬһɣǹɷâңϣ϶Ѿ˹϶١پ嵽򣬴Ƶľȫǹ˹˵ġ
սָӴϵлȣЩ˹ûоۼΣѾǰѻضϡ
ͨûʲôĵֵѾˮһ㣬ɹĴɽɱɽš
ڽʮƾĳ£˹ȫɾͬˮɢɽµÿһ䡣
쵰
ԶհѪ۾ŭڡоԶɧһ·ôˣȻȫ޷һ·ϣܵ˹ﾪţϵӴܳ
һ˳ӹûʲôǵǧһӹʱָоͺںˮһĺǰһհ˹صҲް취
һնɱҲֻǿһӵƣȫִֹɧң῿ˡ
հͻֱ
һ·˹ظԭ£հͼңڣһȴȫʹɲó
ˣӰɣɣҵҪ˾ǲ˶˳ܵøԭϵ
հŭڣԶ˴м

ȫͻΧűǰҪͣ
ͬʱҲڽŴ
ӣʵǻòôż
ͻȻһӶߴһʮ࣬ڵİ϶֪ʲôʱߣĿʱʱΧЩܵ˹ˣһĶɫ
ڴϣ˹ٶ١˹ܣƶ˵ǻԷǣش˹ˣ
û뷨ġ
ǿΧ˹˱ָӵĴһǱͻ뷨㲻ƵҪǴ˹ˣҪǴ˻أڴ˵⽫һ޴ʤܹġ
ڴ߲ɣ
֮ǰŸ׵ǲ϶죬弸Ѿʶû˵Ҳˡǰ϶Ĳ֮ǰȫûм
⡭ǣ
ڵİ϶ʶĵ˵ͷΪʲôͻȻ
ǣҲѹˡ㣬˹ĸ򣬶˹ˡϡȼҲսڣ㿴أհֻͣ˹غ𣿡
嵭ȻЦ
⣬⵹ûУ
ڵİ϶ڨڨ
Ȼֻɢһ棬հûг֣ûг̸֣λǡңѵ˻ʮگǺ˹ƴܾˣگ˳ָ֣ΣϵİָΣǸò϶ְʲôɣ
˵ɫɫ
ϣϣ
ڵΪ˵սΪսսĿģΪ˻һܰϡǰˡսʿڳڼҵսУʱ䳤ˣͻԼϵְ
ڵİ϶϶ʱףһӻ˵
߰ɣǴƺ˹ءگһսģڣһ죬ǻḶ۵ģȻҲһ㣡
ûٽȥݣһֱǰȥﻹиڵ
ӣհô죿
ֻһԶڵİ϶һۣͲȥеԶû̸ʲôڹĵһ£
ȻѾߣհͣĽȴôöԸհȻأ²Ĳ̫ࡣһЩ˹ؽʱܻ֡
õģڹ
ȻһЦ˰֣Ϊ

ЩԾĿ壬Ϊʲôô˵
㻹ûѾڿԵ˹ˣֻҪԵ˻Żңհж༱ʱܳùңȥϣôضһ˴о˱ضհɡľ롭Ѿźһ桮ơֻҪԸ⣬ƾͻһֱΪš
嵭
ˣ
𶯣һǰɫƽ壬һлҵ˹ˣͣһ仰˵ˡ
벻
Ȼע⵽еķʸнĹȴҲû뵽Ȼַʽ˹صĴΪ˹صĴ󽫾ʵ£뢣հΪ廢֮ףҲһΪµĴڡ
Ȼȫ岻ɫߣԷ书
ôһսУϹҲ޷ԡָӴﵽֵزѾˡ
ȫˢ˳սпᡢѪŰӡ
ûһ˵ָܴﵽֵز
߰ɣʱ䲻̫ġ
忪ڵ
һ£еĲڴȫܣսĶȫսǿں󷽶Ϻ
ߣ
ȵһ˹˻ڻ֮УûγЧľѽأѸ뿪⻷չս⻷ʱ򷢻Ҫãûеȵ˹Ĵ˾Ѿ룬ʧ˺ҹ֮С
¡
Ҳȥ֮󲻾ãͻȻ¡һһɳҵͬһڱ֮ըʮ˹˴ɳȥȺ󷽣հ⣬Ӻ˳ȥ
ҹ
հ͵ŭ˷ৣܵķհͶ˵ͻȻ֮һ̤һ˸һ˹սϵ˳ȥˤʮԶ
˸˭Υãˣҿӵȥ
һ£հʹɱ˳ȥ
ǧ˹棬յںҹдԶ
׷ǣҪɱЩ쵰
հַ飬һѴӱϳһƿشŵ䵶ѵͨ˹䵶ĳЩ淴ԭնЩơ
潫
˭ҵӣã
壡˹˲Ҫų򣬶

հ͵Ĳ£һȡЩ˵Ĵ£հ͵ѸٵĻ߰ǧƾۼڴӺ󷽸нš
սհ͵ĺ£˹ƻۡ϶Ȼûа
㣡
ͻȻ֮ս¡¡һ֧ǧȫװľӴ󺰴ţӺһٳƺǶϷԮ˹
쵰㣬Ҫˣ
հҧŭ
ǣˡ
ڤڤУѹ
˲˵˵һڣհͻһ飬ͻȻһֲõĸоˣǰһ仰ãǺǾ䣬ģԹֹ֡˹ǾԲô˵ģҲԲֿ
ȻûհͶ룬ս¡¡һ˾ѾӺ󷽸˹ҼٽӽԼһâڱдӺ󷽴·ʲôĶңңһ㡣
հһݣȻͷӦ
ˣ
һԺзӶհͻȻ֮ôˡ
ˣ
Щġ˹ˡȻˣ
֮ǰͷð˹Ϯ飬ֻհôҲû뵽ԷȻôݣô󵨣ȻߵʱһֻðԼˡʱٽӽԼ
Ⱥ쵰
հҪҧˡԷĽƻѾ񡣸ֶҲ伫
ΪַʽͿԶԸԼľˣ̫ˡ
֪Ķ
հȻһҲ룬ճ͵ķһݺݵն˳ȥ¡¡𶯣հһģڽɫľȻ֣β͵һڣʱΪһĵݺݵն˳ȥ
䣡
ն䣬Ԥеĳûг֣Ǻ¡һ·ʲô
õҲһȭ
УһٳΣͬ쫷㼱ٵչհȥ
ϣ
հʹʧɫȻ⻹û꣬һصͬʱһ
ˣ
ǡͨ
ˣ
һɲǣհ͵ɫ԰ֽ
ϺͨѾ뿪ôҲûϵǾȻں棬һ֣
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬հ͵ĵֵֻһ£ͱϡͨԶԶ˳ȥ
հ͵ĵԲ
Ϊ廢ףհͶԼʵоԵšֻһϣͨհͶ˿޾塣ԱϽ֣հҲԶԶǶ֡
飡
ʮ⣬һӵͻ¶ţʯһհײ棬ɷ顣
4000½Ѿɣ


547 ˣصɱ⣡
ˣ
⸭ͻĹ˶ˡʱˣ˭Ҳû뵽˾Ȼһ֣һֻαװľں档ͷľȻͨʹƵϡ
˶ǽڴ󽫾ؼǿߣ֧źܾãοհ͡
ֻһհͱˡ
ˣ
̫ˣ
ֹǣ
ɱǣ

е˹˶ʱӦһ־ŭܲͨϳɱȻûȵǳϣս˻ǧƵİ϶ͬһѼ⵶һ˹˵Уֻ׷ĲӺгΡ
ɱ
յܼ쳹϶ηȫ벻ķհͶϵˣ˵ˡ
¡¡
սսײ뽣ĽһƬģ˹ڰ϶Ĺ½ڽڰˣǧĴֻһ˲ҡ
ɵ
ͨкâ㣬ˤţʯϵհ͡λ˹صĺ廢֮ףɱܶ˹ɼĳĴǵʿ
գƬˮ˦λϵͳ˧ͬʱհλ廢֮׷Ĺ
ˣ
Բ˺ˣ
һɲǼ䣬Χе˹ؽ켱˫ͨ죬ΧʿģȫǲҪͨϳ˹裬иֳһͷһͷ˹غţӰŸԭ񻰴˵еĹӰ
һǵأͬŭԡһ˷Ϻͨɱȥ
䣡䣡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ְͻȻ֮С󣬴Ⱥҵıǿޱȣֻһ˲ͽܰ˷ӿ֧顣
ֹˣ֣ɨգЩ˹˹ؽ죬ͬʿȫͬ߷һɳȥ

Ĳҽ쳹գԴͳ˧Щ¡׺˹ҲȫǶ֡䣬ƾͳ˧˹ˣٶȲֱհ˹ȥ
زڣǻɱհõĻᡣֱ֣ȫ֣Ҫᣡ
ͨŭ쳹ա
ʨӳǣհ;Ǹ޴вλԴѩɽ廢ǿޱȣҹӣͨ£ûĶ֡ƫƫͺβ
հ͹¾룬һɱõĻᡣ
ʵˣͨԱͳ˧ֹҲֻ·һ
ˣã
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ַͨһʱɲͻȻӰһΧûпһհ;ͱһ˳ȥ
ʯ䣬һ˹ؽ˹հ˳ȥ
հ͵ķӦҲ죬һ죬һץסһͷ׷һ
ݣ
˫һУհ͸ûײȺԶȥ
ͨϣκһ˳֣ҺǶϼغϡڣѾˣٴɡǴ󽫾س֣Ļû˿ͬʱֵĹ
ͨϣӲϵģһὫʬΣ
հͷŭԶĽһ㶼˹ǲҪһ˹
ˣ
סǣ
ҲͬʱָӴӦԡ𵥴Ǹó־ϵĶԿ

ۿհԶ˹סԼͨˣָ͵һۣͬǥ˹ؽ壬˳һˤݺݵˤǿţʯϡڣֱӽھ֧飬
úõĻᣬȫ˷ѵˣ
˵ʱһĲʡ
հ־صĸԭƽʱʱǺ˹ͽ߻ءһðҪ׷ɱͻΧİ϶ֿ֮
εĻᣬԺɾˡ
Уҷǵøɵɣ
ͨһݣҪ׷ǰȥ׵˽հͣȻڴʱͻ

һĳХԶ̺һΰڲĴдһͨصΪ룬һ˷޵չͺ֮зһһ޴һ㡣
еı׻һƬըһһͣ𵴿
أ
ͨɫһ͵Ķһ¡ӵ˻ܹ챩дһͨصͨϣҲֻ˹ش󽫻زֹˡ
ˣͳԤϵһĺÿ죡
ϱָӴ˹һƬƬĳɢʱХ֪ʲôʱ˹
ڸϹĴҲڸϹǲ˾ԶٽЩ׷ɢһ£赲׷ǵˣ
˵̧ͷһա
ԭֻǻ谵գʱѾȫڰˡһʼʨӳǵͻΧʱãټ϶̱ӵʱ䣬Ѿȫҹʱ֡ȻɫѰȴûֹͣ
ǵص꣬ټϺҹͻΧõʱ˺͡
˹˰ʱѾ׷ˣҹҲûã͸׽϶ˡǸҲһôûСⳡͻΧҲǳ׳ɹˡ
֮ǰϷġ
û취ˣȻǳ幫˵ĲڻǺսʱ򣡡
ͨͨ۾ݺݵĿԶȻвʣȴҲòתͷһȥ
Ͻ룡
ȻɱհͣͨɱĻǻءڴϣλ˹شԶǰ϶ĵˡ
գͨں󷽶Ϻһкܿʧҹ֮С
أ
ͨǰŸߣһӰۻأɽһ㣬ֳﬣһɣһĵɳص׹䵽˵ϣһƬŢ
شˣѾˣ
һ˹ؽ칪ӣսս
ʲô˴˵㣿
ػعͷһԵհ͡ˮ顣ŨҵΪһܵȼաϵ֮УңͬʱҲҵֻϵǿߡ
ϵĻ棬ںҹԶܿü
ؽͨϣ
հҲͷΪη塣˹ȻԺƣͨǰҲǻ벻ںǶڴ󽫾أհͻǼΪη壬˵Ǿη
ر磡
֮ǰѾƮ˹ظԭϵϿˡ佫Ϊս
ͨϣߣˣȻ
ͨ뿪ķӹһĨɭĹâ

հЩԻĿŻأȫ״󽫾˵ʲô
ߣõɽ֮ҵߣ׷ʱǣ˳һٽնɱòΪͨϵעɣ
Ц
òϣˡԷĻҪˣƺԼжƵˡ
ңͻΧǼ򵥵顣ر漰ʮ顣رΪԼôǸϵüġû뵽Է֯ľͻΧеһжˮôȻһҶûС
һٶȣָɽϵ뿪
ô̵ʱ䣬ôٶȣضԶԶȫֻϵ顣
ԷԴָˮѾﵽ˽񼣣˼ĵز
ݺô꣬ǵһμָܽӴﵽֵزԷֳսԺսָԽ㣬ԽܳԽףеɱԽʢǿҡ


548 ı㣡յĽ棡
⣡
հһʱסˡֻɱУһʱỹû롣
ȷʵϴأ˹ص۹ںʹƶţϵЩϤˡͨȻҲʲôӹף֮ȴҲʲôԵĻı潫һ͵س֮
ڣϣǰҲйšʨӽֱ֣۵ĸܡ
һλȻؼ汸ϸ˵ҲóĴ
еһ֡ǹзĲԡ
Ǵˣô죿ھ߲ԶҪҪ׷ɱȥ
հ͵ͻȻǿҵɱġ
һʱ죬㱻ͨնɱǸĻָӵ˭ּƲߣհǿҵɱġ
ˣ
ûհôҳǸصĴƽ죬оʹһ㵵
ˣȥɣ
Ǵˣôôˣ
հ͵ɴ۾ʼϲĿԵĴ󽫾ء󽫾һƣӵòԶȻͷʵǳհ͵ԤϡɲǴ󽫾һ硣
ҪǣհмȲʰ
ɫѺڣǱ꣬ȥǡң൱ޡûв´ĻǸƽȻϲֲԣ׷ȥĻһǿǣˣʱ˸󡣡
ңмξרαװǵˣҹʱͻϮǡ֪ô𣿡
һ䣬ز˵ص㡣
ƽڼ㣬õĳ뻯μԶͨԼ֮ϣոǻ˵ҪǣҲòϣԷαװԼԸַʽͻϮķʽֱʤҲûʲôõİ취
ʮһ򣬶ԷðԼ޷ֱ档
òϣһ˷ޱȡ
⣬ǡ
հֹΪһٽʵǳԤϡհҲòϣոһ֮¡ɫѰҹĻ٣ҪԼǿ±ڸס
ңԷȻ˵һ˹
˵˶֪˹

ֺݺһ˦һԵհƿն¡һڵϣƬ࣬ڵҳһĿӶ
ȻµհҲֻܽܡ
£ҿû˵ҪôŹǣ
صĿⶢźҹ϶뿪ķбâ
ܻͣģҹҲܻȥȵɫһȥǸƽҲûа취ˡõһףʱɾδҲˡңˣǿǻʮگȵ죬ǺگٶԸǲ١ңˣһʼگʹսҲǳˡҲǴ˼
ؿеĴȻǴˡ
ϵأһסλ֮ģҲֻλϵĴˡհҲû뵽ȻǴ˼
㲻ҪʣСĴۣջΪʲôȥأˣ˹صʿĿɲֹһϣһ϶ѡδǻиսһս̫ࡣ
ص
ǣˣ
հ֮ǰвʣ仰Ȼ𾴡ֻƵһ磬ؿеĸսȻ˹غʹ۹֮Ľ
һ㣬˹ظԭϲ㽫Ѳʲôܡ
֮棬
ӵ۹Ͳƿʼ˹ص۹ʹ֮սѾʼˣⳡϵսֻһƴսĻѡȻѾ˥ˣȲǰϾӵйӴ󡢻Իͣ˿־ǿ
϶ҲֻǴƼеһѡ
˹ص۹ȻѾ¾ںʹ֮һս£нȫء
һҲɱһҲɱʱһʱɣ
˵仰תͷȥ
һεж˵Ǽ䲻ɹġʮȡóɹȫͬһУΪ̫ܣҲΪɽϵͨ밲̫ǿΪ˲ȡıԡ
ֽʵʼϲ
ҲЩ
ңһսҲûһЩЩȫҪȥ˵׷ɱͨ˷Ǻܼ
Ͼһʱѣǲܳϵĵؽ硣
غܿʧҹУ˹شҲ෴ķʧڴС
ⳡ׷սһֳϵķʽˡ
ȻϿսգǳûɢԽŨˡ

磬Ĵڴչţࡣ
꺱ıһ𣬼ƬϴػΪһƬۿĵطɱ
ʱ仺ȥΧĵģˮžžʲôҲ
֪˶á
ţ
ͻȻɶ沼ͻȻ¡һ飬һ׳˶ĺӴӵԾ
ô£˹˾Ȼˣ
ƽԶɽ͵ķһĲ⡣
˹غʹƵⳡսеڣѾûл͵ˡ˹صԼصƢԣûβ׷ɱʵЩԤϡ
˵ȱ⡣˵˹ֻڹҲһ˹һĺ£ô׷ġ
һԣҲˮվ
αװʵǺܣҪͿȫ׷϶ҪȻȷʵӲײϱʪ͸ˣĨôһ࣬ͱˡ
ˣѾˣ
һӰϻżһڣĴϻ䵽˵ϡϴؼףȴû˿ɡ
˹ǿԹʲضôأزסġа취һʱôĲס㣬ס˻زסġôսҪͲܣҲ˹˵ķ񡣡
˵ţüͷȴͷ
ұΪ˹˻˳׷ɱû뵽ǵ͹ˡӦѾԤϵһڰвصȡˡңҹսοб꣬رȻ֪ʱ׼ԵϣԷұΪֻк£ڿǵ͹ˡƾֹҲȻϵĴУ
Ȼ˳ˣԼǵ˱ɱܶأԼأȫ벻ͬĸ
ôǰĽԼʹ˵ʲô¡
иӼֺѲ
Ϸа
ǰֻ֪ϵĴ󽫻³޵УǾΪʲôȴ֪ڣЩˡ


549 ʦѲ⣡
߰ɣ
վŴԣһӡһʯǧ㣬ԭֻ塢ƽ˵ĿյϣɽԶǰǰ飬ãã纣ӰӵվֻһһǧӰץ߶αװ࣬׷״ӵվ
Զĵط飬岼شİ϶ӵվ
صжûдȷʵ׼һܴȦ꣬һһɵĴȦףټػصԼԶĺ۱նȷʵ㹻ûغһˡ
ڣһȻòˡ
ù˼˹ˣȫоֻһʱ䡣˽죬غگϣ˫ϱԻȫ׷ǡʱΨеĻᡣҪڴ֮ǰϵǸص㡣
ܴɣ˶·һΨһ
߽£ص
ͻԼ˹شĶ׷ʱǸһˣǶ˵һսȴԶδֻεĶֲǻ쵼˹ǰ϶Լ
ӳʨӳǣͻΧɹζŶһ˿ӲдĻᡣɰ϶ĻԻͱ󣬻̫̫Σûʨӳǵڻû˺ҹڻҲûʮѵһı꣬ƽԭشûտأƾӸ޷ô
ҪǣϣѾûʳˣ
ϣ
ս˻һȺ˶ű꣬ٶȥ
սӭ˰һҹҲһҹ

¡¡
һ۵ߣӾʦϿյӹȻϵı겻ͬʦֻ֮׶ꡣ֮нס
ھʦ֮Ѿˡ
ϱΣǰ߼ݣ˷¤ҲսңսȡҲǴδйġ
߹鷳ͨһ£¡˵΢
ʹԷ֮أһͷֵģɫԲ׺ͣͬսԲ´̫վǰǰһص󳼣нͷ졣
߹鷳ͨʥʣΣǶʮԸϣ
ķ漱ʱѾûп֮ˣýõķ´˰
̨ǰһӰڵϣݺݵĿͷȴǽͳԷ糾
ϵսѾܾˣǧҸֺ͹Ӷ߾һĭһʧϷûзһںܶ˿ĽѾʿ֪ǧֶϵľ˵Ǳˮн
ûӴľӣҪԿʮѻʯ˵Ľ֣ʵһʼǿ֪ġȴ֮١󣬻Ҫ͢Ĵ
ǺǺǣͳ첻Ҫ˵ֺͿˣʮ£˭ʦһͻϮҪʥΧ֮Ȼʥͨ죬ЩӵģԺ𣿡
µԲ̫΢΢Ц
ʹԷ֮Уܹոߵģͬʱܱ󳼣ͽͳ˾ηģҲֻʥڼܹܸʿ߹ˡ֮͢У곤ף̫ࡢѾ徣ոߵģͳͳա
ԻʹԷܹոߣơ߹ľôһλ
һСһ¡֮ơڴƺ͹еĵλλȻԶһĴ󳼿ɱȡ
߹˵ĶԣǺͿˡǹʱ䲻˰϶ȫûϽͿ̿˳ƱϣȻֱƾʦӵȻҪڹ֮⣬ӱٳ£ӵĻкĿһΣ˹ϵ㳲
Է糾Աߣϡͷ׵ʷβ̾
裬ȫ뾡һа취ӣǶǺʱҪԿʮʳսһСĿЩǶʱܹɵġ
սһϵͳֻǵĵӵ⡣
ֻڣʱ䲻ˡÿһ춼جĴϷ۹ľҲþʦϵ󳼣µգĻ̡̻ڵĴƣδйĶֻҪˣֻлһȭȭ֮ģûвΪǵġ
ڳϣÿնֶԲߣÿʱÿ̶ڼҪʥʵĴﲻ˶
ⳡƵΣУΪϵĴڣʥʵ̬ȴΪֹĪû֪ʥôġʥʵΪֹҲһֱûб̬ȣûκεľϡ
ʷ
ʷĻ߹Ҳһ̾
֪һƬȭȭ֮ģϢУзԸκ˲ôţҲûа취
һȺ˶ʱⷭ˵Ѿñܶˡ
߹µʲô̬ȣ⵽ô£ǰӲģ
ʷȻ̧ͷĿƣ絶һ㡣
ʥʱΪʷȡģҲǺͼ־ǧһۡ۲ŴԣɱǬٶϣԼĿ⣬ʹôһɨĵңﵽǰδеʢ
ǰʥʣ۲Ŵԣʲô飬г賯͢飬֪ȥо飬óϷѾսܣ϶սܣж⵽Ϯʥȴʼûжǰûз
Ϊ̹ʷβʵǲԸ⿴顣
ʷǼ㲻Ѿ֪𣿡

仰ʷһƺʲô촽һţ˵ʲôȴ߹̧̧֣ѹȥ
ȥľȥɣ飬֪֪ǾͿˡϡҲõģûб̬ȣûйעϵľơʷҲ̱ôˣҲװɣ
βܻһȴ˿ôֻҪ鶨ôõĽҲջ
ˣлԽߣ
βһԻԷ糾Ѹٵ뿪˹͢
΢紵ӹ£ҡһ塣
߹ֻ£ǺЦĿŶβܵʧԶƬ֮󣬵ȵһʧ߹ǵЦг̾Ϣһͬһüͷ߹ܿʥ֮С
ɫᣲĽ·Ҫ᣶һ㡣
ᣵһؼӰȻʲôûֻᣵȴһ֮ϵϢͬһΪ֮ηһ㡣
ֻǲ֪ΪʲôӴģԽǿߵϢ䵽߹Уȴоһ˿Ǻܿ죬߹Ͱ˿ͷԺܱǲǸ߸ϵʥʣǵλӣУԶԼ𾴡ҲĴڡ
£ϵ飬ʲô𣿡
Χյģûһ߹ȻһĹȥϥǺ͵ײ죬žޱȡ


550 ʥ⣡ʦ꣡
·һɲǣǹͣڸ߹ΪѾò𰸵ʱ򣬴һϵ
ϡڻʱ򣡡
£
ʥʵ߹вһ£̲ס̾Ϣһ
ΪǸ𡭡
һ仰ʯ쾪еڴˣȻԾѡϵѾΣڵϦʥȴٳûб̬ȣѲ⣬ϲ²ʲôĶУȻû뵽һоȻһйء
оĵģûһĽɫ᣺ΡȻɽʹ󺣣ԶǳӰһ˭Ҳ֪λ߸ϵĴʥôġʿҲˡ
Ȼ֪ܶ飬ǲеס
Եж벻ǣǺ֪ܿˡ
᣺ʥʲûֱӻش𡣵ⷭȻѾǳˡ
Ǳ£ǧĿԸıϵ𣿸޷ʹһǿʮ
߹ͷ­أķڵϣʹ
˱¼ʮ꣬ʿûԼỳʥʡǣǿ漰ʮĽͽհеϣһϣһǻѪжϣǶϷ
Ͼĵģûа
ʿл֣̿亹乣ĶҪˡһʥʣΪܹ̫࣬ͬʱҲǵļҳЩȴܲ˵
ϣûʲôǲܵġ޵ôϴ󼫵𣿡

ʿ͵һ𣬶̧ͷ
ʥôϾ֮λȻ֪ʥʸû˿ãʱڻ֮УûգʥƾԼ۲ŴԻ͡ǿʢĴƣΪ˾ĵ
ʿôҲû뵽ʥʶǺӵôߣȻԼᲢۡ
ǲǿȵϷһȻסﶼԵɵģԪһֻҪ֪޿Եɵġ㹻ˡڣ°ɣ
һ䣬᣺ϵĴһг˸ʿ׼ҵա
˶֪ڵĸ߹ʿȴû˶֪λ߹ʵ׼Ҳո߶շ룬Ԫһı
´׽г׼гĻôҲζⳡԻˡ
ǣ£ūŸˣ
ʿ棬ԹԵ˳
ӴվڳǰʿǰڻԻͣ۴αȵĴڻʹд˷Ѿ˱£Ҳõ˴𸴣ʿеɻǳûм٣ԽŨˡ
ϣϡµ˼ԽԽԴˡϣϣӲñʧɣ
ͷʿѸٵĲף뿪̫
иҪȥ

ͬʱڸʿ뿪̫ʱû֪һ鷢ˡ

һϷӭյûע⵽ֻŸɹϵĳǽǣһ·ӹ۴αȣصݼ˾ʦĻʹ֮С
ʲôʨӳǳˣ
֮УһֻǯǿƣָſһصϣŽҪѿˡһյ𺳵Ϣ
һֱʨӳǾǾʦ֮УҲİο
϶Ȼսˣһġʨӳǡȴ˽ʮİ϶ϡֻҪЩ϶ϵľƱ㲻ڷչĵز
˵бɻһ˿ϣ
˭Ҳû뵽ϣʨӳǾȻˡ
ȷûи𣿻᲻Ϣ󱨣ʨӹ˵ľ𣿳ǽ߶ʮߣôܻ׳ƣңﲻǻнʮİ϶𣿡
˵ʱл𾪣Ȼȫ޷
ˣѾȷ󡣡
ǵһǰѾǱϣϢ֪̽ģȷϵġǻץһڴʧɢ˵İ϶һѾõ׿ȷϡ
˵ʨӳеʳѺľΪ˷ֹڳУڴ󶼻ϽžͻΧ˶Ѿ뿪ûʨӳǵıӣдޡԼ˹صں׷ɱа϶֪һиƾ
ΪһõϢǰ˰Ӽҵ飬һ·ѾʮͷʮӢ̽ӡĸӣӥҲʮֻ˶ᣡ

˵̽Լɫ԰ס
ƹעǣȺľϵİ϶ȻҲܵ˹ǺͰ϶ȸءʨӳƣа϶ȫӣȫ˹˵׷ɱ֮£ֻҪһ룬㹻˶Ȼʧɫ
ƾ϶ǵԸʮһ֪϶ĽҲԲ̫ãֻǵһмʵʱûһ˿Խܡ
ԽӴϢǿжǳģһʯѹĿڣһҪѾ޾
һƬš
еıҪԱһɫҰײѡ
ž
ͻȻһɱѵһʶѭ˹ȥֻŵķ³һſżеһֻ豭УƬ
һɲ³ɫ࣬ѿޱȡ
군ˣҪʧˣ
ʮһô
ԮԮԮһллᣬԮ
ˣɱȥҲѾˡңı
ѵô𣿡
ƵĽѰ
δйѣ

Ϣ˳һɱ鹬ڹ⣬вšͬһХһʨӳǵıá֣̿ǡ鲼ʦ
ʦһƬأ֮ж࣬յ֡

ôܣģԲģ
ҸУبĴһȭϣֽ
ϡ壡
һھܳȫڵ۹ϣʦ֮û˱Ҹܵ𺳺ͳˣ


551 ɷ򣡱ǰƽ
һֵܽˣبŮ˪ϡڡ˪ǸŮӣѳޣǰ⴫㲻üͳǽѵӪͷ죬Ȼλͣ벻ãȥñӪܼ̳һȨ͵λ
̳һλӰģҲֻгب϶ѡ
بģϴ䡣ֵܴµ򼸺ȻͬϵӰȫϸӼϡ
Ȼʼʱبʵǻྺģͬ˵˫ţȻֻ̬ͬκһ˶ܽƾһȥ·ĵһȣҵӰ춼ۿۡ
ʨӳϡӶˣǾܳĽ죬Ҳھеı־Դ
ʨӳƣڵƹû̫ڵϵش˹صǧϺӶ˵Ľֿ֪ʨӳƣĴҲüΣա˳ƱϣӽѸٽ֮촷ۡ
Уܳҿҵ㷵ؾʦ˹ȥҲҪؾǣ
һ䣬بӣͷ亹乣ǺŽг仰
ϡӶսôһպӰۿۡΣһ嶼ðʧȥھеλ
ҵġӡҲبĺ󱲣بԶԶԼĶ롣
ΣԲʲô̡
ݣ
بϢ֮䣬ʮǿߴҺХſȥѸٵʧϵķ
ѵӪǵĸңѫһϢʦϲ㡣
֮Ȼɰ϶פأǾмҵӵܡʨӳЩӵܵ³ҲͿ֪


ھʦ֮һƬҵʱûע⵽һֻҰɫŸ뷭Խǧɽˮû˾ϼĸ֮ۡС
ڵˣ
ΧһŻ̴ľԲ˫ֳϣֹֽԺ˳һ
ϵֽûһֻ֣һ򵥵ϵͼڵͼһɽĵطëصĴһ档־ֻٺߵļ״ʲô˼
ͼϵɽͣжĿĵء
һµʱ䣬ʱ˾мڽеʳսе͵ĿĵءѾˣֻܿӵˣ
ϵֽ
һ£оϣ龫ǣķѵ;һɣٲŸоƣ롣
ϾֻһŮӣ˿һжǳףÿֻ鷿ʲôɡֻԼ֪һжôѣÿһԵѹͨ޷ġ
֮ǣʮʿԼյ֮󣬼Լĺȫ٣һѵõΣͬҲһݾ޴ѹ
ǰδ縺ġ
ٽ㣬һ𣿡
ǰ֮ؿǼʮһлأ޷ǿߡүܹ϶ıⳡս𣿡
򵣵ʳеЩľ𣿡

鷿˷׷١뿪ʦ֮󣬽еȫͳϽͬҲζţҲԼĲֵλ١ڣپֹԺȨӵеĵһˡ
ң˲ͬߵԶǶϵľ˽͸ġ
ʨӳ𣬵һ֪ġǾǱߣΪֹƽ¡Ҵӿʼڣһֱڲ߻ŸжͼŤתϵս֡Ǿеһ
ˣȴȫ֪Լִеⳡս֮еʲôã
Ȼж屣żΣǣЩܵˣҲ֪嵽Щʲô¡
۹Ѿɽӽý㣬ǻ۵ˣҲ졣
ûĲֵʲô٣
ʲôˣǶסȻҲ֪ϸƻֻ˵ԲԵ޹ʵȥ¡ϣϣҲһȥΨһ顣
Χˣǰδе档
壬һֱᡣǵϵս·ٶĿѾһٰʮȵĴת䡣Ͼ䣬ã۶˶۵ʱֻһͦɢҲƣȸֻ۵ľ޴Ƹһƥ֣ȻȻ뿪һ·¡
ǰ;ΣգǰبʮӴءޡ޷ľҲյĽֿ·һ廹ȻȻû˿ԥȥˣ
ٵһʶ壬壡
ٲòϣԼĴˡ
ǰе˶Ǳϥٴ֪ʲôĴɷ򡣵ǵɲǣӰǧһ޻ص뿪ʦʱͻȻʲôĴɷӺˣ
Ȼֻʮ꣬ǸصһĴɷ
ΣҪŻ
Ŀ͸򿪵ĴӣϵķԺֻʣһͷ


552 Ԫɽ俪
һˮӺƲ£ؿռ䣬׹ŢĵϣʧӰ١
ѾǱһˮˡ
㣬··
Ҫˣ
ݣ

Ʋ£һɫĸڴǰСɺɫ֮Уһɫıֱ죬ġơĿޱȡҹʱսʼѾȥһҹһˡ
ʮİ϶߲ݣһֱڳĸ·֮Сÿһ˶ѾƣˣսŴûһͣû˱Թһ
һΣںʱܣȡľԼһ˿Ļᡣ
ˣ⵽ȥ
ããоУƽһһңԣ̲סڵ
쵽ڣоһֱûн˷֣о·߲ǳ׼һġʼʱŶ·ߣȫûдġǺȫˡ
ģзӦٶ۵ĽҲӦо·ȫǱķ
岻˵˭Ҳȥʡ
еλߵϺͨҲĬľٶУ˭ûйһ䡣
һǾ֪ˡ
嵭Ŀǰûֱӻش
ǳ̴ٵսʱˣҲѾ˦󿴲ӰȻƽеĽȴһҲûм١϶̫Ĳˣսز㡣
ȻѾжԻĿꡣҲֻԻһ˹оٶȣܿͻ׷ġâڱ֮һĸоʼճС
ֹ壬ʵϣֽǺͲҲ
٣ҺʮܻܲͿˣ
ͷɢƣԺͷ
սԶûпʼҹսȻֵֻ۹󽫼ǿߣǽһ̴ٵսѡûг֣޷ûг֣ͻͬһ˫ȫگ󽫶θȫµʮĴûг֣˵˹شں󷽲ûгԮ
϶ĴսԶûе
һսѾԶˣ
ȻѾ٣ְţǶһеûзЧãȫûס
ӣˣ
ʱһͻȻӶߴӥһƥһֻӥͻȻڵ
һ˳ӥĿ⿴ȥֻƽߴչƵ£һʵɽ崣ڴϣΡ׳ư硣ɽ壬͵һع
ȫȫǰ˭ҲͣΥ߾ã
¡¡ջصһѾһǰȥʮܵʲôݼһͻȻ֮糱ǰȥ

ɽΡȻھɽŻʮɵɽԣһ˨ʯԱһʯȻԳһ޾ζ
߹ǿԵʯ¶ӵɫ
ʲô
һߴӥƽ׷״Ӻ󷽲˹ֵطһ˨ʯԵ÷ǳ죬ټԱߵһʯ͸ӵĹˡ
ңҪǣʯϵ졢Ť˾Ȼȫʶ
һԪ˩ʯ
忴˨ʯʯ̾Ϣ
Ѿнǧˣ
һ䣬Χ˵ɫʱȻͬӥƽԼĽ죬׷׿˹о첻ѡܹжϳһ󺺵˨ʯⲢûʲô
ǻܾ嵽Ԫʱ䣬˾ˡ
Ǻı׭壬רڱ̣һǧˣǲʶҲ
ɫӣһָָʯһһֱ֣
κʵ鿪ᣡ˨ڴˣΪͣ
ʯϵּɷ裬ӳⷽ٣ȻԳһ緢Ⱥ׵š
˶٣ĿɨΧˣ˵һؼĻ
ʯһ֣
ˣ
һΧ˶ɫ󷽸ϹͨĸϣҲȻɫ
·ʯʱΪʲôôˡ
κһ书ԺգλȻġŽ
ںʷУ˵ã֪˲ࡣϷرǵ۹ϣ˲֪˲ԭܼ򵥣κʷϵһͨگĴڡ
Ԫ䣬κ󽫾ȥĮƽūӾƽҡڱ;Уӵʵ˳ƽƵᡣڻع;Уפһʯġ俪ᱮҲơ俪
ʱʱگگҲǶǳŵ
λκУŴ½شչ˶گ
֮ԳԭԴڴˡ
˵λʱİκƵῪһˣ
ûλκƾͲܽԼӰչ֮ȥ
϶˳ϣλ¼ȻϤˡǧǰʱλŴʱ緢ӣմֻʱˣҴжǳģޱȡ
ǰ϶֮񲻵иҪܡ»ܣ
ͨ죬̾һζӡ
Ϊϴ󶼻ϾƷչˣζѴ̡վ˵µĺ俪ᱮǰ˭иܡ
ͳһǧʷҪҲҪʧȥʮϾȫûĴۡΪϴ󶼻ͨܲ
Ǹְҵַˣ׵ʹҪϿǣˡϣܹõ㣬Ǹˣллң


553 ֮
սʤǱ֮گ˹ػ๴ᣬ˫㳲ʮıگⳡսжõ۷ֻ²°˾ʮ֮ڡƾ϶ʮ֮¶ľ֧Եֵһ㣬Ƕ˿Ҳһˡ
ϲһ԰ο
ʱ䲢̣ͨĳЩ滹ҪһЩ˲һͨǲκҲûκγɼġȻ֮ս϶ʧܣͨѴ̡
گ˹صġƴҲǲʵ
۹Ѿ˼ʮ꣬һֱల¡˭Ҳû뵽گ˹ػôȻʹƳ׵˺ƤһսǶԱ֮ȫûһת֮ص˼
Ը޷ͻƴϮ˵ͨˣҲʮа˾ŻԸ̡
ʮԸʮʤǿеĳ츳֮ţͨȻǲ߱ġҪձҪенҲǲʵʵġ
϶ͨɼԭ
ذοˣһսҼ縺ʲôĹôԼʮ򽫾ʿսʿѴ̡һս֮Իǰʥ
ͨЦ
ⷭ˻ûзӦȴƤһ̲סͷĿͨһۡ
ϱûĲ룬ʮ϶ȫûֻʣͨһ˵ô飬ºͨȻĹηǣжΣԼսеı֣ܡ
ֻȻҲͨӡ󲻻̫á
ǽں俪ᱮǰⷭͨڷθóαͨıȣֱࡣһеĴ󽫵硣
ҵĲ֣ı¼ķչ˵ڵսУʲôҲ˽Ķ
Ƴһͨд˷
ͨܵģôеţҲˡԺд˷ڤڤУԶھʦ³ɲǼ䣬һ·ʲô
һлǳ³ϰ
ͻȻ̾Ϣ֮Ѿ֢ڡ
ɽ׸ģơͨıԣôҲôĸı䡣³֣ôһоȫͬˡͨԲ³Ҳȥ³ȨкҪԶԶκˡϷô飬³Ѵ̣Ҳסͨֻ³Ҳ֣ܸͨҷıֻǳϦ¡
³ʵֻȼ档ϱӣֵ۹Ĵ󽫾Ҳּ׽Ӵġ󲿷ֵʱҲֻͨ˵ȥ˽λϵġ۹֮
Ǽʱ䣬Ѿλ۹ǰΰϴ󶼻˴δйӡ
һ㣬֮ǰûܹ
֮ǰȣʹ뾩ʦ̫֮ڱϵʱһУ̤㾩ʦѰ·ıȡλãֻǺԼԴǺ󣬺ԥĽԼƽԼ
λ조ϵ۹֮ϣȨƵʼһԹ֮޸ı䡣
ԴΪľҲκΪ֮̾
֮սܶ˵עеͨʮ򶼻ϣԶھʦ³ͨ³Ĳ£ҲһΡ³Ҫض޷ܾ
а
ңһȷʵı˰
ʮûͨΪ˧Ѵֻ̣·һҪĹηǣжΣΪжڣʮ϶°ͨȻѴ̣վڵĽ֡
ֻҪһͨȻͻԼ֪Ǹ˧
ʱ˰
̾Ϣ˵ϲǱֻƢ
ֱͨͦͦĺӣҲǴƵĽ죬ıԲֻҪһ˿ᣬ嶼ϣλ۹ľˣݱϱǸĹ
ݣ
һһӺ俪ᱮԾȥɽŵķԾȥѾĵȴš
ӣڵȵˣ
ûеȵ忪ͷһʮСߣ۾Ȼӣ쿪ݵ˫֣һġӭ˹
Ҿ֪ܳɹģһܹɹģ
Цеģе˷Ա
֮һȻûʧõˣ
һӰԾס֮˫֡
ǰ˫΢ףµСߣȻǹĴ󽳣ͬʱʨӳǵߣ֮ս󹦳֮϶ͻΧȻǳձſʼ֮˵ͻΧʵҪԶԶöࡣ
Ǻǣսܣҵʱĵ˺þá£֪۹Ͼû⡣ӣܼ̫ˣ
֮ʹ֣ȣͺеϣǰһ
ûж˵ֻſ˫֣ʹģĸһмӵ
һʱ䣬ԼھʦʱȣǰһȦҲԵࡣһʱ䣬ںƺƵƽԭϣһеһΰģܹʮˣҾʮĸ֮ǡ
׳٣̺ǰˣˣ˭Ҳ޷ɡ
ǰˣǷĵ𾴡ʮ϶ܹаҴ֮ӹΰһ˿Էϣ
ˣ
п
ˣʵӦøл㣡
֮ͷǰ
ʼʱӣʱ𺳣ٵڵֻ֮̾Լʲôʨӳǣܵ϶Ӣ۵ĳݺ;⣬ֻ֮ףһĻӢۡ
ڳŽǵˣ̵ֻܿʱѾϵˣԼ۹ʮգһеһУ֤嵱Ԥ
֮Ҳһ̣ʮİ϶ӿŽǳصʱ򣬲Լڽеĵʲô
֮֮Զ
üĿϡ֮Լ۵ϣ֮оһϵµİ黳ԴƣƺһңŨУһ֮κ϶ûиܵĳС
Ǻǣϲ˵ˡһУͬģû㣬Ҿ޷һС

һЦû˵ȥЩ˶֪ûб˵ˡ
ʨӳǡĳһ漣ĳָıϵˡһ㣬ڻԺ󣬶κ˶޷ϵġҪǣΣҲεϵһ
һεŦ֮ϵһ
ջ֮Σ֮Ҳջ


553 Ĳ֣Ӫ֮
ӣ
ӣ

ɽµȴԶֹ֮һ֮ĵӡѧͽʨӳǽĹͲϵ̷ʿ֮֮Щһ׷
ҲһǴк
ˣ
ˡйӿͣ
ǰҶ˵ԶھʦȴԤⳡսԲصǹģܹΪƳΪǶúң
ǰӣʲôҪǵģ;ܲǴ

⻹˵һμ壬һ࣬Ե÷ǳ˷ܡ
ʨӳǣ弸һ˵սĽУһͣӡ֤嵱ԤִԺʹ˵Խʢк;ҡһһУʨӳǣⳡսؼ壬ڹҲ൱档
˵Ҳϣʱڹʵ˺䶯ġ
ԶھʦĻңһУ۹ϣЧӰȫͬġ
ţ
صĵ˵ͷһ˫˫еĿ⣬οޱȡ
׼𣿡
˺ѹŤͷ֮
ţﶼ˵ˡ
˵£֮ͷɫҲ
еĶѾǰ͵ˣֻЩҲ̫ף»ҪָС
˵֮΢ľ̷Ĵʦ͹Щ֮δţδ
ۼ֮ʵںľϾȻҲôߵ衣
ǺǣЩȻû⣡
֮ӵȻ֪ʲôЩҲûн͵ıҪ
㼰ʱ͵ˣ
֮ûע⵽һٵĶ͵ˣҪҲؼĲһ롣
ȥһ£
忪ڵ

ɽĶˣһڿھ޴ӣ飬һЩȫɽεĵطӶǺɫģߵԶ
߽ˣϿһң¥̵ıǡ
е棬ĿȴǾҵıǡ
ȷǾ͹ģ
ЩЩԼϤӡǣ峤һ
Щֻ͹һС֣иɽıӰ
֮һԵ
ž
˵ͷûж˵ĳӵķ϶žһ˿ӡ
ʲô
ʱ򣬺ӥƽҲ˹ι״ĶӥѾ˽⣬˷׷¶˺ɫ
ĸԼ󷽸ͨ¶˺ɫ
κͻصս֮弸һ·Ǵ£缱ǵĶˣǧо
Ϊʲôѡȴûһ֪ǲΪʲôôһǿȷϵģǾǾԺЩɽϵĴѲϵ
Щǻľݣ
һ·ͻȻ̽ӣץһһ
Ǹģϸ߿գתܣصزڵϣһ

ɢƣս壬û˿һɲǣ˹ھеĸܡ
ڹȥˣ
հŽɢգ﷢һֻѰ仯հ͵оͺһô
û˱ҿǻӣ
յƻûɢȥֻǱ䱡˺ܶ࣬磬˵ǺĺԶǶհԼ˹ص˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ֻҪûбڣ˵ɱһöûСҹɱ͵ϮǣǼǲܵ¡
հʹջ۹⣬Ŀ֮Χе˹ؽ켸¶ͬı顣
ٺ٣׷ǣҪһ˺ɷ飡йͷ֮ޣ
հĿü֮͸¶صɱ
ϵսհͱϡͨԱϵͳ˧͵ϮǴ󽫾Ԯʱֻ¾Ҫ
հѩɽһӼߡĳôܵˡ
¡
հͳʱͻȻ֮𶯣һɰľһһŭһӪϿ
ʶֱ
гϫһķӿ̺ΰΧڵһƬҡ󽫾ر¶հͶ̲סɫһϣ¶һ˿ηɫ
ã׷ǵĲң
հҲѡ
ʱͻȻͻȻԼǸŴ󽫾񽣳޽˹һگ̫ӷ٤һ׷ϵˡ
˹쵰һսȻʧ˽ҶҷôصĹԴ󽫾ƢǵðǵһƤɣϻһ
հа
¡ǻӦհ͵ԶľӪ˧ӪͻȻһ飬һ׳ӰӪƳһ󶴣ΧһľУ֮ߣžһصڵϡ
ᣬһĻܸо׹ʱײľҲǲƬ̵ʱ䣬˹޾˫˫Ųã˽֩һ㲻ܲˣٴγӪʡ
ͺոˤĲһ
࣬ʵĶְ
˹޵İ˺Զõ
հвһ£װûһܿ߿ˡ
ʹư϶ľսչˣȽ˹޵ڸôƾһѩǰܡ

հͶ뿪ʱԶӴӪ֮УһвŸոտʼ
⴦޴Ӫ֮У˿վˣ˻ءλ˹ص۹ϵگ۹Ĺ޷󽫾θȫҲȫڴ档
˹޴ŴܵϢ˵ǻغʹ˹ص޷Ͷθȫˡ
սͳ䣬˹˵ݺ£Ǻе֡˵һεսȻگľ࣬ʵ˹صĶʮ
սʼ˹˻ûʲôľģҲֱ֤ǵʵԵ˹޴ܹ𶯾Ϳ֪
࣬˹ʱֻ࣬ǲҰɡս˹˻ûйʧ
࣬治ǵĴֵѾˣȫǵĶ֡е˸޷ǰߣܴĸһֵǶǲμӹδսģôǴˣǲ֪ô£Щһ̫ˡ
ӪڵϵԶֹ˹һλ졣һŸոտ˵˼䣬˻صһŭıȣ
סڣ
ˣҡ
˹ؽƱĻûгڣ¡һӴȵһϢ˲ϡĽ컰û˵꣬㱻һƴӪ˳ȥ
һˣ䶼ˣȻҸҽƱ棡
ɫ࣬ŭɶ
ˣ
Ӫһ׷׵ͷȥ˹صĻȫͬظʲô彫
ٽƱȥʲôý
󽫾Ȼ˹صļˣˡ˶ԣ˹޽ҲӴΣ¹һ壬ǲǣǱʲôģǲ֪Ԯ
ռѹֵʱһӪһǵگ޷ڿˡ
Ȼǻص˧ʣʵѾӪʡ˫ԴƵսѾûʲô·ˡ
ԴķպȻٵı
Ϊѣ˹ͻȻôگ˵ҲϢϢصģܲӡ
ܣ
ûگ޷˵ؾͺԥĴˣ
ľ¤ң溲ıʵǿܳԮġڵ¤д󽫾Ϥŵ߹»Ͷç֧棬溲Ҳ鲻˸溲ԭ½ﻹп֮
Ȼòһçĸоǻܹ֮ϰϵ󽫣³ô꣬Ŀɾֻ
˵ԭ̼һ֣һ֪ĵҲǿܵġҵʱǻ谵߲꣬ѣ˵˴Ԯ˹Ҳûע⵽Ҳǿܵġ
һӲͻȻ
ܵģǵʱɽҪĹɽǾԲܿġ
˹£һ佫̧ͷ
Ҷ죡
زȻŭ˹صĵȼƶҪҪɭϵĶࡣȻѾ;ΥԼرǵŸ޷˵档
󽫾ˡ
٤վӪʿǽڵĵطűػ˵Ľ˹ˣֹиڣټϻڽѵĲ£ûз٤˵صġ
һۣ٤Ҳǲߡ˹֮У٤ͽ˹޸ǹϵãҪȻҲһڱ֮׷ˡ
񿴵˹޺Ͳܵ𷣣˹شˣ٤վ̲סվˡ
ȷʵûʲôԮսܵģһðƻޱȵĴ꣡ҵʱһҿұ֤˹˵ľûд
һ˵նŷ٤Ļأޣ޷θȴ׷ױɫ
˵ʲô
޷һʧɫ


554 ڵĹעʸ֮У
ʲôꣿ̫ӵ£˵ʲô
һԱߴءӪʱģگҲֻΨһһ󽫾θȫˡ
گʵȻԶƺ˹أǾƾΨһһɱȼ溲ء³Ĵ󽫣گԼ֮ˡ
ᣬگ޷ﱾһһǿߡ
گ֮ҰĲҪѴƵĿƣѹƣΪ֮صİҲ޹ϵ
֮أֻͨϣֻ׼ʲôꣿ
󽫾ȷʵǸʮꡣŽɫٰһ㣬Һͽ˹ȷʵϺͳ˧ĴѾǰΧȫǿ֮ĩСӲ֪ѧı֮󣬰ֱͺһֻӣüϬԶԸǰľӱͿҪ䴩ǣ˭֪ɱһ򣡡
Һͽ˹޾Ϊע⵽ĻŻ뵽Ҫȥɱ֪СȻʵ΢ΪȴƻҺͽ˹޾Ȼ˾Ȼûɱ
٤沵
󽫾θȫȻԣ֪˲࣬گڲȴ˵һ˵٤ĸ׸޷Ϊ𾴣˹صĴ󽫾أһΪɵ
گ˸׸޷ǹضҪʾһЩصġҲֻд󽫾θȫ˵ĻӼˡ
󽫾࣬٤̫˵û֮ȷʵͻȻһǳ꣬ǵǳ֪ôģȻǵĴһƬңԼ˵סԼˣȫûа취ǡȻϣڱ棬ǺǸȷʵǲúԶ
˹ſڵϣʱҲڵ
ͷ­أſڵϣһҶ
Ӫ˹޵ĻغʹһӾͰ˹˹ص佫˹˶׺ģҲǽġ
ǲͷֵͷֻԼˣʵλԼߵ˹ˡˡ
˹׶ˣ˹е佫ˡ
ô˵棬˹Ϊ廢֮һȻ׿ڳԼˣⲻġֻ˵һ㣬Ǹһȷʵǿ
һԶԶ˽˹ޣŻᵱ˵ֻ
һ࣬޷ͶθȫҲһӳĬ
˵٤컹ֻһ֮ʣô˹޵֤Ѿ˵˵ȷʵʵڴƷ棬ڰ϶ȷʵһ֪ᣬȷʵı֡
һʱ䣬ӪһƬĬﶼ˵
˹ޣ㣬˵Ǹ꣬Ǹ굽׳ʲô
ͻȻڵһɫһ˼ӣƺ뵽ʲô
⡭
˹ԥһ£˼Ƭ̣ĳ˳
ˣͻΧʱ򣬶Ľȫҽй
ͻȻ
һ䣬һĿ৵˹رǷ٤ͽ˹ޣһľ졣شֻġ
ȻͻȻôǾеķʸʲôԭ
󽫾Ƿʲô
޷￴ŻصûǴĻشĴܵӦþǶͨҲǴӶͻΧġ
˵ʲôֻ֣Щ뷨
س

ֻƬ̵ʱһȺҹضѻͨǵ˹ؽ룬˴֮С
ΧͨͰ϶ǶǸ𶫱İɣ
ǣˣ
ѹ
ǹ۲쵽˽ͳͳߡͨЩ˾ˣֻ˵Щ˽죡
شһ˵˵ɫ׷ױù
󽫾ǻǵˣͻǵͬһˣҲСӵĽ
٤Ƥգ
ǲǣһʾ֪ˡ
ص
սḺ́ĻҪ졣һµʨӹս˹ؽǶڰ϶ĽѾ൱Ϥ
켶۲ҲԶͨʿĶࡣ
ֻһʱ䣬һͽ˹޵һģһͳڽĿС
ֻҪһȺģĴϽһģϸƤ꣬Ƿʩһ벻ע⵽ѡ
ôܣ
óյĴ𰸣˵ɫþʺ΢رǷ٤ͽ˹ޣԭſڵϵĽ˹̲ס͵̧ͷƤѡ
ⲻܣ
ϲŹģһͱͷһ١£ֻ֪󽫾жʧˣͨɹˡ
ôҲû뵽ܴ󽫾ͻԼģȻͬһ꣡
һôôǻ᲻ˣǸһôܻܵ˴󽫾
غԼ˵ʱ򣬱ɲġǷ٤ʵ˲ˡȻȲ˹صĴ󽫾Ϥŵ߹»ҲȲ˴áثһҲ̫ࡣ
ǵֵ˾ͿԵ⡣
۹󽫼ˣûһֻƾ¡¼汸Ҫͬڻصкͽ˹޵оԲһ
شﶼܳ³ӪĴڣǸܣǸıѾֲ׵ĵز
ûܻˡ
̸ܣֻǱ˵ɽ֮ưˡ
صǳƽ
ɽͨǿ¾ô׵ͻΧ뿪ˣԷֳҲѾ൱ˡ
٣ʱ֣廢֮׵հѾˡ
ϵսͻȻ˵ǸϢλ޷ͶθȫҲüͷ
ƾȻһǸˣگ˹˵ɾԲʲôϢ
޷һ͸ǵɫ֮սگѾԼĹˣѾû·ˡսеһѾݲκεı
Ƶ󽫣佫лк֮㣬ͳͳָơҵĻʹ֮лרǽ˵ܹﵽֵزģԲǷ֮ΪʲôҴû˵ƻôһˣ
ϳǾǻǸֻ֪³ֵ굽ʲô
ºα־Լ磿ؽѾ˵ˣԷֻ˵ɽ֮ƶѡȻַ϶ϲǴ󽫾Ķ֣ĻֺαԶ׾
һԱߴԼĹ󽫾θȫ̬Ҫ侲͹۵ĶࡣΪگ˶Ĵ󽫾ҲΨһĴ󽫾û˽⵽ϸ֮ǰθȫСԷҲԲĸ߹ԷԼ˵ʿ
󽫾˵Ķԡ϶ǲ䣬ֻӲ˵ġʣ󽫾࣬Һͽ˹޽˾گ˹պĴСᣬˣպ󳤳ɣǳΪǵĸ󻼡
ԣζԲӵ
٤ǸͬʱԼͽ˹ޣҴ˹ش󽫾оͨͰ϶꣬٤зǿҵɱ
Լûע⵽оȻһ˶һ˵ļʡ
Ϊگ̫ӣ٤С츳ˣ͵õսõͣΪδĴ֮š
ڵĴƾʦ֮У٤Ҳķëǵһ顣ֵʵ˻ǲࡣ
һ̣٤켵ˡ
һԼᣬܳζ޵δҲζŶگ˹صв뿪ϡ
ʵҲôǣϻǵǸص꣬Ѿ֪ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һЦһһֱĬв廰˹ذϵҡһȣ۾ͻȻ֮俪ˡ
ˣ
䣬ͬһӹһ˫˫Ŀ׷ȫ˹𾪵ɫ


555 ޵۶ϣ˵Ľ
Ϊһĳ֣սͻȻ˷츲صı仯˹شǰڴʤ޵е£һҹ֮ܣ
òϣ˳ȫ϶׵ɨƽĵڣһͷȡ
û֪صʲôͷ˹޺ͷ٤ҲֻǺչһ档ڣ˹شڼûмսζûμӵ£Ȼ˵Ѿ֪Ǹݡ
࣬˵𣿡
٤һľȡ
λ˹ذϵĴǾֻ֪ǻͨ죬й֮ܡͨ³ϷġͽжҲΪ֮
٤첻˽ޣȴ˽ģӦ˵Ǿ³³вҰĵģһֱҪϽҵƾĪս͢
³Уƺگ֮ĹϵҲԶûô˫Ҳйһڡ³ҲĶگҪگľ˫֣ϸԭ
գЩжȫûܹɹ
ʹ³ôҰĲˣ󶼰ݷݣڰ϶פ˼ʮģ˹صĴ󽫻أλ˹ص۹ϵĴࡣ
˵˹صĴϣǻ۹ˣÿһѧʶԨѧ峵ԭĵȫ䣬һܹصĴѩɽඥطδȾһҶ֪⡣ǰöЩš޽˼֮ǣܹжϳǸСӵݣǾǿˡ
٤Ŀйâ˸˲Ϣӹͷ
˹иĸϵλ࣬һλ۹ࡣֻ֮һֱ£࣬з̲λǾǿˡ
һɲǣ٤һ˿ɵζ
ʽ˹صԸƣ˹رһͷǣһһͷ׺ݵǡگ˹˺ֻµ۹ǰ
ڽ˹ص۹˹£٤ʵһֱǳֱ̬ȵġȻƲǿҷԣҲԲǶ٣Щִġ
˹صһһֳԽǿ٤еĵִȴԽǿ
Ǻǣ٤̫ӿʲô뷨
ͻȻһӶд֪ʲôʱ˹ŷ٤죬ЦЦ⡣
ûʲôˡ
٤һݣæع֪λප΢˼±ԼĻҪ¡
ǸС֪ݣ֪ԸǾòˡ٤ԸŴ߼
ʵҲûʲôѵġȻҲûм˵Ǹ꣬ҲûвμӹǼսۣ֪ôָӴġҪжݵĻĲǺѡѾ֪ĵϸˡ
ҡţŲӣ˵ע⡣
ϵ飬һһ䣬лڵĵطٲ֡ģսԷ⡣
ԣǽ֮ҵĲ֮ءֶһ˿ѧġң˵ס
˵˴ЦЦŵ
ֻ϶˧ֻһϣһĳǾʵʵͳ˧ߣ֮£Ѱʿĸ㴫ͳ˧սףͷ붼롣Ǹһ־ʹȡףǳԺգǸʮ㣬ôԽ޴壬·ϵ飿
࣬ˡҶԣƷǸӵܿɲ֪ƾ㣬»ƶǸ˵ݰɣ
һԵگ޷üͷǸ꣬ʵҲ൱ĺ档ֺȴͣǶвĶҪ
Ƶ˲̫ˣֱá溲֥ث³ϣ̫̫ͨˣڹؼʱֶôһĪ⣬ȴꡣ
ǿĵ۹Աߣֱʳʣ˯ޣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱƲˣͳگˣ߸ĳ¾
޷֮ҪƣҲһԭ
ԴƵΣգرֿԿΣвÿһ뾡ҡɴ󻼡
Ȼ
ЦЦŵ
ǻҲ˵ˣͳ˧ĲϺͨƵͳ˧͵Ϯ˹ҲǵķܹͬʱָϺͨ룬˭õ
⡭
˶Ĭˡ
أ޷ﶼ˳˼˵ģ֮ǰû
Ƿ٤ͽ˹޶סˡʵۺ棬Ҫ֪Ǹĵϸû˱սڶԷǸеˡ
Ǵ˵ģǻûô
ϻΣͨǿ³ǸһѡġǸһֻģϿܻѱȨͨܰԼͳ˧Ȩ׽ȥǡ
ˣ
һԺзɹԺȻһƬͨ͸
Ǹ³ָģ
һɲǣԺжͬͷ
ô̵ʱ䣬ͨƾʲôԼָȨȥһǸע⣬˹ޣ£ܹͨŵ̬ĲûСǾָ³֮һҸҿ϶Ǹ³ţ
ҡӣһ仰˵ն
һ䣬һƬšһɲǣگĻʵ۸޷Ҳ˵޸ûԷƾƶϳԷ³š
ƫƫ޷ﶼ˵Ŀġ
³ôܻԼ㽻ˣһԶɣ׶ǲܻὫȨ˵ġҶԷ³İŸôܴû˵
˼ĵطˡ
͸һѩĹâⳡϵսпѾûʲôˡսֻһżȻѡ
꣬ҹɫûͬʱִŻֽհ϶ˣһʼʵѾȷˡ
ڸȤģֻͻȻֵģ˱ꡣ
˭˵ûֻǹ֪ܲѡ³Ȼ㽫ԼŽˣһͨȨǺ³еģһµģǾûˡ˵ҵˣٱ˵ϵӣ˵Ǹʨӳǵˡ
䣡
һʯǧˣ޵Ƿ۶ϣ·жʮˡض鼤м
˵ҵӣ֪˲̫࣬˵ǸʨӳǣӲگ˹ˣڵ˹غگ˲֪˲ˡ
Ѿһķ٤ͽ˹޸Ǳκһ˶Ҫ𾪡
ô


556 ޵۹⣡
Ҫ˵鷳ģǺճڷأͻȻŴɱϸӣǽʨӳǵ塣
Ȼʼʱ˹ҲȡЦگˡ
ʶǳǿϵĸܹڶƽԭԼ޿ɺӣ˷겻ѵҪλ֮Ѿû˸ٳЦگˡ
˹˶ǲ̫˽ģҲ֪˵ͳ˧ͨϣҪ֪ȵĻͨϣ»ԶԶȲ塣
ڣ˹ײʿ֪塱֡ģĪƶϡ
ڴƾУܶ˴˵ǸԶھʦϵگ˹طⳡսΪʨӳȻΪṩģķãи׼ȫսģ
˵˹˶Ѿˡ
Ǹ塱꣬٤ͽ˹ȶһ൱ĺ档Ȼ˲ô֪ȾʨӳǵĴȷʵսսԼս˲ɹƻһѾ޿ɵġ
Ҳ޷ӵĴڡ
˭Ҳû뵽ȻӾʦͻȻң˽˹޺ͷ٤죬λи߸ϵ˹ش󽫣Ҳĵɽ֮ƣһСʧܡ
ܣ
һӦģ޷ֽģǽ˹޻گǷ٤죺
Сôô
۾ǳغָʿȫֽȻͬĸǵ˵ƵһСӽ˵ʨӳǣ٤ҲǸоǸһگвѡ
Լȫͬġ
࣬ȷ𣿡
˹Ȼ̧ͷһ˵˵ȻѾȫ˴ޣǽ˹޻Ǿôǲǻ̫ڿ϶һ㡣
࣬ųƴ࣬ڵʱ򣬴ƼһƬԻͣǴӵһֵַġϥһŮǴĹسǱ֮±ͨҪܡټһ壬žӢ
޷˫ְڷϣĿ΢΢ЩƺڻЩϢ
ǰȻѾʮ꣬һֱڴӵмӰǰڵʢûȻѾˣȻӵмв
ֻҪ˲̸İ
Ȼϣ˲ıӢŽļơֻҪ޷;ͷʹޱȡ
گ̫խСˣȻһֱҰĲΪگڸԭϡ˹˸ʺˡ
گҪչ޷ҪһչԼ׳־ެĵλΪһʵĻʵֻۣ򱱷չ򱱷Ƶķչ
گط֣ǺõչͼĵطҲǸ޷Ҫ˹ϵԭ
Ǹ޷ﲻòϣҪԼҰٵѣԶԼҪصĶࡣ
ʵҪжǸ˵һҲѡֻͨ³κֻҪõ³˲佻ȨǣҲύȨ𣿡
ҿ˵ԹŰ壬֮ͨҪս˲Ϣ䣬쳣ҵĵطȨֻ³ɣ
޻һȦ
һĬȻֻи޷Ͷθȫ¶˼ɫ˹˶ڴƲǺ˽⣬رس͢¡
Ǹ޷ﲻͬڴڲָƣ˲֪˵һ㶼û
ңûɽôˣΪʲôǺӳֵĵһʱ䣬ǸɱġֱɽͷûкеĹϵ²ôİɣЩϵǸӣǸң˭ͬʱôҪ󣿡
һ䣬޿ӪЦͻزͬ޹ĵĴֻսԲ⡣
սʿڻأرڵ˵Ǵ£Ƕڴ˵ʲô
ҪлãҪʵϣǵ۷֮ʱĺպ˵ȫڴ޵Ԥ֮С
Ǹ޷һʼܻͨԼ֮ĸ˳˳ˮô޾Щ̫Ԥϡ
ǴƵ֣
˵ĲҪͬʱЩӵܣܵľϵǸˡȻ֮ǰûнӴǼȻܽһʨӳ谭ǣƻǵļƻôҲֻˡ
޷ʱ
ⳡսڲ˼Ҿ˵Ļֻһ㱾¶ѡ֮οơⳡսҲİˣ
ҡӣ˿񵭣һ㶼ûսһζ
޷΢ɲüͷȴʲôҲû˵
޷Ȼˣһ۵Ķθȫȴûô˵
࣬ɲҪˡƿǵĵˣ
Ȼ޶ϸ΢ϵлȵı£ǴֵҲ̬ʵ˺ܲˬ
ոմһԼʧҲֻд޲Цóˡ
Ҫҵ˼˹ؼȻȻ׼گһ϶ԸƵġֻǶǺЩȤˡȻǽңȴĹٳܹݺ۳ңĻһĵĲ£ʵǿսʿ۱ȻҲǰμһȴûдﵽֵزҪȻҲڶûз⹫ˡ
ĶŲӣеҡţһζ
ֻЩ棬ҵıˮƽԽ̳˵ˮƽǸӵıǴѧģ˵Ǻõս˵ǣǵ䣬֮ãثᣬһʮĺǴѧģ
ҶĸֵָƣҲûмñ֮
޵бһԽԽ͸Ĺâ
ǱܵģоҵӺκһ˶Ȼͬϣ޸оһ־޴Ǳ
أ࣬ȵսʱҲôԸ϶ǸӣһҪץģ
ڿʲôЦսôܻ֣ңǺӶвֻ̫ҪһӣǾҪϲˡȻӦնɱʲôڣ
ضͷȻǴϵĴ࣬λ֮ϣǻشûĵ˾
Ҿ˾ҲòƴӡԸˡ
ҵľˡһСһ״δıսԡץסʳԺ˹رмĺôңףôǵͷϡ
ս˱ǲɱ¡ңֻһʱ£ǵõǺϵı飬ȴǧ¡˹أõ潫ԶʿԱġŵĻᣬΣǶܴԺһ䡢áث֥溲֮Ļ
˵󣬴޵Ŀޱȡ
󽫿ĵһսʤ࿴ȴ۹δʮ꣬ϰ꣬ǧˡǴ޺ͻزͬĵط
ˣ
䣬Ӫĸ޷Ͷθȫһһ𣬼ͬʱ࿴һۣ˭Ҳû˵
˵˹ذϵĴ֪˻ǳսܣԼǸصĴɵӰ죬ȴѾⳡսвжϳ˶Է׼ȷݣһⳡս֮Уᵽ˾޴Ļᡣ
˹Ѿ㹻ǿˣһޣһأĽٵõʲôı飬گǸ˻ӭǡ󣬻Ҫ֮Ǹʲô壬ҪôɱҪô취Լõ֡Σ˹ٵõ
޷ﰲһĮޱ飬ȴ˲Ϣתͷ
گ˹ؼѣҲǵˣ˺ҲҪ
˫ϵʵ


557 ľսǰ࣡
޷Ͷθȫ٤ܿ뿪ˣӪ޺ͻҲҪ׼뿪ʮҵİ϶Ѿ뿪ʨӳǣǣͼϵؽһϰ
ûͨǵǣƣϵؽͽȫ˹غگ
ⳡֲ۹֮սӭһ֣
ο˫ѾᶨζǸ뿪
ࣿոΪʲôҪ߸޷
ȵ޷گ뿪ͻȻŤͷĴ޵
Ҫң᲻֪޷֪᲻˼
б˵÷д˵÷ûзԴӶ֮ͨ󣬸޷˹Ѿûôˡ
ЦݣĿͻȻޱȡ
⡪
ش˴û⡣佫ǾˣǵҲսսԼһսʤܡ˵ЩѾϸķ棬ûпǡ
޷ߵһѾû·ԡѵҷ𣿡
ǣ˭֪أƾʦλӣѣҲһû뵽޷ᷴ𣿡
ҡӵĽһ̤ҲζһεĽ±ŷѸķ
Ѳ⣬޷ҰĲһϿ»㲻Ը⳼ƣδȻҲþԸ⳼˹ءȻˣʵһ֪ƵвֻкôûлˣǻҪگʮǶԸơ
Сأ
ü
ȻƾϵĽӴһΪ˵ôʲôشıսߣԸ޷ԸֻҪôǿߣҪôͽǸСɱһ֣ǿ¶
˵бսߣҲֻ˵˵ѡûУһ¡Ǻܿͻ֪ڸ޷︸ӡȻѵĻսʲô֮ʲô䵽޷ĻҪֻҪ޷ﹻǾͲܾûνıսߣǺʲôأ
ҡȣЦ
ؿŴεҡҡͷȻʹһһĬ˼ʮ꣬ͳ˧ϱΪ³ͬһ㼶Ĵڡ
Ƕڴ޵˼άģʽͷ񣬻ػǲ̫ϰߡ
߰ɣô϶ǸĺӶⳡսҲ˽ˣ
˫һ죬ﬣӪʱԵĵطԶ˳ȥץס˹䵶ȥ
¡
߳Ӫʵһ̣ƺƣӪںӪ·硣ӪɱƺƣһƬȻļ
ʼ㣡
ȫشϡ
׼ס

ȥƽԭ飬ãã޾ʮگ˹صľӣƬһƬɱա
ҵƾټ𣿡
ؿǰ֣ͷҲص
شˣȻƾ˵ֶΣѾɹҵǵټϵһɽϣ
ر죬һӵľӢһ
ܺãȥ̳
ǣˣ
ӢתѸԶȥսԶ
̧ͷһյƣصĿ˺ܶࡣϵ飬˵ְǴ̣Ǵݻ١֡
飬޹أ
³ˣ
һ˿ĹâطѸٵȥ
أ
Žֱ͸ʣսģϣս˻ǿʼȥ
սһ̴ﵽԸӵĵز
ûʨӳǵıӣƺϵؽӭյľս

¡¡
𶯣սԶҪöࡣ
϶פصɽҰʱ˶һеģһͺͺɽ壬¶һȻͬĳ
ɽϣŨ̹һɹɵ̳𣬶ŸġΧͦεɽ壬£ԼԼɭ¶һɭϵĸǱӡ
İ϶פɽԶԶ¶һɱζ
ô£
ХԶԶģ˵ˣﶼ¶˳Ծɫ֮ǰԤȫһ
ǵʲôǳǱ
٤ҲһԾ
Сӵʲô
˹ҲƤԾѡ
һ˲ӬһԭΪ˿Ұ϶ûڻԲĶ֡ǰһĻȫӡ
ͬһ㣬ЩƾȻڶ̶ʱڽһɭϱݣҿǳӡ٣ԶѾ˸оǳɵˡ
СӵôģʨӳѾƣƸﶼԹ˲覣ɽҰ룬ʲôûУôŪЩģҪԸ϶ҪɱСӲУ
հһ޺޵
ַʵ̫ϤˣֱͶʨӳһޡҲֻǳǸҵˣ˵ʲôס
ɲʲôϢ֮ǰѾȫ׼
ããĴ֮Уһگ޷һƥɫĶԣüͷֿȺӺ
ӦĽɣ
˹ڴѩ׷϶ʧս޷һҲûпһֻǴȡ˹˵˵ǣ޷ﱾЩɵġ
һ̣ɭһƬɱɽ壬޷еĻ˲ȫʧĸɸɾܻûпսһ̣޷о˶ɽϵּ֡
ǸҵеĻҪԶԸ
ⲻǺ𣿼Ȼ֪⺢ʲô£һӦòɣ
ҡȣһƥ񿥵б෽˹˲ͬ޶һеķӦҪƽܶࡣ
ȻѾʶǸƵ˹شɵ˺޷ǺܳԾˡ
˵ʵԽԽˡ⺢ӵǴѧЩһʮĺӦûɣңֵսӦҲûκһ̵ܹó
ǧʷʿԽԽţһıս߻֮ˡ
һ˵ø޷ͶθȫǷ׷ױɫ˭Ҳû˵
жټıв˶սߣı䲻˰϶ڽճΪʷˡЩɽϵĶûв´ӦֻһЩ򵥵Ĺ¡ǳصĽûô򵥣ʨӳǶһࡣûеڶ̶ʱڣƾհһǳء
ѩһƬǡ
˵ǣ
˻ʹֶΣ춼ֻȫûһ;ӴԺ֮ؽа϶ˣ
޷Ļָ侲ֱһӣ쳹գãã纣ͬɫĸһ㣬Զϯȥ
ϣ
ңս˻ǧڷз˻ɱޱȡֻһɲǣսŨֹ
ǰǰ
زһߣ
˭Һ󳷸ɱۣ
ųɶ飬һ¡˭˽Ҷһնɱ
ȴگ˳״˵ʱ򣡡

һ㣬һϵĴӸ߲㾭һĲ´ȥеͷĿ춼æµ
ʮͬһܾ޴ܵһǵأŰ϶ľݵӿȥ


558 ֮ǣս⣡
ڵʼˣ
ǵص¡¡ڴرԵʱмһƬҡãã޼ʵͬӿĺĹ·𺳣ûֳ޷ġ
εǳ۹˵ġ֮սĳκһսĿ𺳡վɽˣӸ£ķԽĸܵǿҵģԺХϢС
ȻѾ˹ǶڼȻӵнӽʮ˵ֻǷһΣԶԶûе˽ǵĵز
¼ϵľսʽʼĿǰ϶64824һ϶Ҵ40000ĨɱΪʧܣÿɱһ50㣬ͬʱ500ޣ
ڴսлɱĵоÿﵽʮʱʱһ⻷޵ȼýֻڴսЧȡ

鼤ʱһϤģֻһ˲ͻȻԺһ⡣
Խޣ
ϢʵǳϡսѾ̯ƴսʱ򣬶»ֻ϶ȫĸϣԼԼԮ
İ϶ִսк׾ͻή͵޵ĽͲһˣȻÿһֻ500ޣǰֽõϢ
Ȼ500٣ǻٳɶࡣɱܴﵽһǧǧܹ࣡ﵽʮ򣬾ܹ5000޽
д˷
Ȼ5000ִսиǱˮнǶĴ˵ѾǺܴˡң֮ʯᵽսеĹ⻷޵ȼҲǸջ
ȻֻһʱԵǡѾ㹻ˣ
ܾ֮ǰ˼֮ʯӦòһζѹĽ֡Ϊ˵ûκεĺô
ңҲ֮ʯΪϾʲôǻ塣
һжӡ֤ԼĲ²⡣
Ȼ˰
һܿͻع֮ʯṩʲôĻᣬҲֻǻѡ޵ǹ⻷ȼĽҪԼȥȡ
ⳡսؼĲ֮ʯԼ
ע⣡׼ӭУ
ʦӿ캸ӣ
ʦͬУ
ලͼֽٵװǽģ飡

һɽֱۣһӣһܵͣ´ȥ¡¡ɽ֮ϣŨ̹һĻ¯֮ð¯ֹ
Ũգһһ·һͷͷϵĹ޶һ
ӽʮĴƾӣ֮ͬµЩԼɹЩʦʦһ޴һ㣬¡¡ת
ɽһƬȻļ
𣡡

һĺɽ£һһ޴ĺɫģʿ͹ЭЩģÿһ鶼һ˶ߣģһĿ׶˨˿ܡ
ڴƵʷϣûгֹĶ֮Ϲ͢ľʦ۽硢ʶҲûмʶ
һСϸĺ˨ĸ޴󡢳صĸģĿ׶֮У˨ĸǼģȻһˮѸٵĽ
һ飬飬顭
ÿһصĸǽģ϶˴ǯϵĵطһģѸٵƴӴģ̵ǽ塣
ﬣڶһƬƬ𻨲ͣı䡣
Ƭʯ᾵ɽϣ£һ¶¸ߴĸǽһ㣬۴αȵİεض𡣾Ƥ£һӴĹ޳ǳѸٵĳǳء
ৣ
վɽ৵Ķһһ೤ĳİɫͼֽͼֽ棬һɽ崣滭ģֻſöľϸͼ֮ǰٵͼֽ
ϸȥͻ֣ᷢٵͼֽɽ壬ĿǰɽһģһǵǺܾ֮ǰսûпʼ֮ǰѾ˵ģԽ˳Ծˡ
ʣ鷢չһ֮ǰԤϵⳡսҽߵɽΪվսĵص㣡
ô
һԱߴɽϣϺͨվ棬ɫޱȡսڼگ˹Ѿȫ
ޡء޷θȫЩ̤һ̤ţ˷𶯣³ְ޵дʮǵأЮƶ
ӽʮƾɽϵĹ˵Ͻաȫϵһս
͢Ѿɲ϶Ҳ·
Ǳˮ֮ս
ЩµĶ֣ϣͨųصѹֻ˶ϲɫ׻˵ˡ
ڵϣʮֻܿ⺢ӡ
Ϻͨͬʱ壬мڴϵսϸ˵ѾʧˣǰڣѾȫʧˡ
תۣǳ֮
ڵϣ˵һܹⳡΣⳡоֵĻ
ôֻǣҲֻ壡
ԴͻΧɹʵѾȫĴָȨϤˡϺͨ˶ȫߡ
мһĻûС
ȻҲȫӵ־սѾԼķʽ֤ԼҾܿеͼֽ
һ˻ǿˡ
֮ԽȻȫ׼Щ¯ĸ֤ҪɽھĶѨֽŵľˡ
ǰЩǽ
⽫Ǵõڻ
ˣѾ˰˳ɣӽųϼ㣬ǻɳҲѾˣǶȦӵʱѾʱ䡣ңϵĿ˹˲ٺگ˷ֱˡǻᣬҲ
һŵ
Ϻֵͨ۹Ķ佫Իִ󽫼ľлܵʮ˵ֻҲֻˡ
Դʵ죬ô˵ضЦѡڣһ߶̵ϣҲͬ˵ⷭʵ
ӿٶȣҪ⣡ϴλǸ֪Ĵڣһ׼ȫͬˡң˹滹һޣ纣˱ϿǸ޷ɳʹ˵˹أʵϣ޲Ļߡ
ϸ˫ֵ

Ťͷĸһۣһ˿ɫȻ֪޲Ļʹ׼ȷ˵ȫǱΪ顣
޷ҰĲıǰı
Ǹ׾ȻҲܿһδ˾ȡ
ǰСˡȻԿ̰һ㣬ȱǻۣĻҲõֵزˣ
һתܿͻعȻԾܿͷֻܿԼԸ˽̫ˡֱڣ͸׼粢ս˽⵽һ㡣
ףİɡҲʧģ
ŤͷЦкܿͻָɫ͹͸׼粢һսһֱĿֻϧûʵֵĿܡ
ڣһʵˡ
ƺƣͷ˿Կߴĸվһοޱȡһɲǣûη壬ûлңûֻ޾ƽͬһ̶һ㡣
ޣأɣҿǵʲôֶΡ
һɲǣӭԵĿ磬˫ڻ谵³ޱȣǿҵս⣡


559 ޵̽
ž
âһһ·̺Żĳǹʯһ㣬žʯݣѿ漴úƬ
ߣ俪ᱮǰ֪ҲͰˣȻ֪ˣôܻ
һȫűը佫ĴӺ˹ޱȣ
Ժ˽̤ˣϽǵ¡
ĿƳ·ԱߵƬ佫ʹޱȡܶԺ俪ᱮʹ޵Ҳֻگһϵ佫ˡ
ҵĺã˽گ˵ūȻҡ˹زͬ˹غگѣȻһԸˡ
ҡһӣӺ˹Ǵһ˿Цݣ棬ѡ
ߣˣ
佫һվһߡ
Ī֣佫һЩˣ˵һˡ
گ޷̫Ӹ޷󽫾θȫԼһȺگ佫Ӻ˹

޹Цţ˰֣ȴһ˿ɫ
˹صҲˣ
һЦʹƲĿһתܿ˶ɽ塣ɽʮϣһζξ޴ĸǽ岼
Щǽÿһ鶼ޱȣҼأǧƵĸǽһһΣһһ㣬ʽзֲһֱɽű鲼ɽ
Щǽ棬ǧĴƲȫװں棬ȫ䱸һ˫˫Ŀⶢɽµͬһ㡣
֮սȻ϶ʧأµĲ򣬵ʣһǾӢս
սˮƽڵƾѷ֮ϡһʿʾ˹ҲȲϡ

޵üñҲһܿƾַʽһַ¡
ó˹˵ԲʲôϢ
ϣͨ𻰣
ͻȻ̧ͷɽ
ǣ
Ӧ޵һܼĻĳһ¶¸ǽ̽ļͷ˷׼˴ޡ
˹ش࣡
һڶʮگʿŴѸٴӴг˹޴Ķصڴǰ
گ˹һϵ죬޷ΣһҪگλ
ˣ
ް˰֣Ҫ˵ʱһɽϴ
ޣô鷳ˣʲôֱ˵ɣ
ͨɽԶԶľҲһɽϣʿɢΰӰ¶Ϻͨ
ԣõͳ˧ִȫװɽΡӰһ㣬η
ּ֣֣ˡλǺôֱʣȻôֽһǳءûв´ģӦþǵλСֵĽɣ
νʶڴս֮ǰҼλλ󽫵Сֵ𣿡
˵һ䣬һ˿Ĺâ޵󣬽˹ޣc޷θȫҲ׷̧ȥ50ʱüžࡣ
ȻȷݣǾѾһֵĸ޷ͽ˹Ҳûпĺ
ڤڤУ˶̬Ѿȫı䡣
Щһ
ɽϣ޵ĻϺͨԺж˵һȻ𶯡˹˺گ֪ĴڲѣϾѾչˣǾȻݺֶ֪ʵ̫ˡ
Ϻͨ嶼ůһ
벻ôͱ¶ˣ
һɽһܸߵӰŨŨļɵ
֪һﲻöԸû뵽ĻҪѲ
κʱ޶һѲѶԸĽɫ
Ҳûкʹ޴
һûмңһھܵҵʵǿ¡ܣ뾡취ɱĻԺضҴƴС
ףͨ˴̽ҵʵģûϵ̽ʲôϸġ˵ʲô
ͻȻ
Ʋ˫ݺһ֮ս˹ش࣬ʵ൱ġ
佫ݶԣĵսսҲǹٵģ
Ϻͨȴ֪˿˼ɽµ佫ȫٴС
࣬ʲôֱ˵ɣȮףôĳޡ
ɽϣͻȻڣͬӾ
ɽ£ⷽйâһϵⷬٴȷ˴޵ݡ
֣˲˵Ƴ͢ѾɲԮζǵĶ֣ȻˣβͶǣ˵һ·
ҡӣɽЦ


560 սʼ
޵Ļĸϻֻһüͷû˵ʲôǺ󷽵ȴ̲ס˵һ
޺ýƻµ񣬴ƺگ˹֮䵱Ȼûת徵أ޲ܲһ㡣仰һ۸׺ͨӦǲӦѾҪˡĿؾŴʿ
ĿһɨȻԭ־ɳϵĴϢһЩ΢ı仯Ȼ˵ĻͶǺʣѾ֮ǰôʢ
΢ʲôֻлһ˿ϣͲ֪˿ϣʵѹڡȻ˵ǱʶͱܷӦ
а̾Ϣ
˻Դģǻ۵˲᲻ᱻ򶯣ܴﵽĿġҲǵһμλ˹ذϵĴࡣ
Ǿһμ棬֣ԶԼ˽⵽ĻҪԶԸ
ɲؽ޷棡ˣһһĿġ򵥵һ仰¶βؾܹʿ˲ԺǴƻ
аѰ˼
׵ԸǲʺϺʹƤϽϾģĿһתܿһԵͨ
ˡ
ͻȻǰ
ԹŰܾ֮ʤ֮Ͷû˵ʤܾ֮֮Ͷ˹޵г¡˹ռƵҲǵĶ֣ľֵͶޣ㲻̫߹Լ𣿡
򣬽Ҫս𣿡
ͨЦ쳹ء
쵰
ͨĻ޻û˵˹ޡ٤졢հȴ̲סɫϺ죬ɫѿޱȡͨⷭܵ¡
عǹ⼤ŭǵġǿΧ
һԱߴ޳
һͣʶɨΧֻΧʿʱ󲨶
⡭
һʱ˵ˡ
ԣҲһֹ֮ߡ
ߣ
Цһ̧ܿͷɽ
ãôҲð϶Ĵ󶼻ʲôʱҲֵ˵˵ĺˣǽǸСӳɣ
ɽ嶥壬塢ͨһݡ޵ĿϬֻһ۾Ƴ˶ߡ
ߣޣ㻹ˣƤӹˡսϵĶѵ㻹뿿Ƥȡɡʲô£սϼ°ɡ
һز˵ͨЦһȳ
˴Ŀһתתȥ
ȻˣԸ

ô
ĵطغگ޷Ѹӭ
СӱеҪѲͨȻƴӣʵǳҵԤϡô̵ʱڣǸӿȻѾȫס֧ӡϺͨԸڴҪλøʵڲʲôϢˡ
üͷ
ıҪ壬̽һʵû뵽ȫӾǴҲûа취
ȻѾ֪ݣǼ棬޷̽жϲǳ
ҪСģ⺢ӿܲöԸ
ǲ̫߹ˣ
޷üܺһĺӲһϾһĺҲ˹صӡ
ǣĺȻǸӣʲôУõʲôҲȻǸӡ޷ǾôްǸӹıʵӻҪ
ߣҵϣҸ߹ˡǵʲôӣһ֪ˡ
˵˦ߡ
ҾͲţһֱŲ
޺ܿʧȺѾûʲôˣǻغͶθȫ佫ǳʱˡ

ոգΪʲô֣
ͬʱɽϣͨɻתͷ塣ָյҪ壬ȴܶ
ȻҲòǷҪ޲ɣܾͨƺڿĶ
ܴͨĽǶʵȫûбҪ
У
ڴĵطҡҡͷһأ
˼Ȼһһ⡣ף󶼻㣬޶ָơܸǵԸǡ
˵ĺã֪֪˰սΨһ޻˽ģҲֻˡ޶֪Խ٣ԽǻԽǲжҪԸģֻһضѡҲָƣһоȫͬˡҪˣ˹ذϵһһ䣬һһศһģͬǴƵĵ۹˫һ
СĶΪ
һء
Ϻ֪ͨⳡս޵вȻԶڻغͶθȫ֮ϡ
κСλ˹شٶֻȡ衣
ףڴˣ˹˺گϾҪˡͽˡ

ţ
̸£ϣͨж͸صɫ޵ȰȻֻǹ֮࣬Ҳδڴʵдա
ʮʿȫϵһδսУͬڴˡ
ȥ
ͨһ˦뿪ɽ
ȻΪͳ˧սսǲϸģΪ佫ȴǴ´ġңõָģǽʽһɽĳǳһ㣬ͨóķΡ
۶ڰ϶˽⣬ûбͨˡն֮սͨ뿪פصĳǳأ뿪ԼóܹԼĵ֮Ϻ͸޷һսδػôҡ
ͨ뿪ȻҲһ̬ȣ
۹ϵȫˡ
ͨ뿪ɽϾֻʣϸӡ
ȻҲϣǣұǽ֮ҡΪΪ࣬ҪĶЧҵ۹ЧҴƣȻڱ츳ͲҪ˷츳Ϊ㣡
תЩӣȴ
սչһѾ˵٣ͨʵѾˡ
ǣף
尵ȭͷижѡ
ʱҲ͸һ𲢼սֻûɡȻһֱμӾ飬ϿԸȴϽǰߺԼս
ܸ׵ı˵ⷭܿ϶Լı֣Ѿ൱ˡ
Ϻܿ뿪ˡ
ͨһҲȥָӴȥˡʮƾ֮Уల϶ȫϱͳľӺͳ͢Ԯ
Ȼ˽ⰲ϶ͳ˧ЩϣͨȲ
֮սĸԸŵ̬壬£Ҳûִˡ
أ
һĺŽսӵзӪ𡣴𶯣ѹѹһƬãã޼ʵͬһֻʷǰһ㶯
һǿҵɱŶѸٵս
֮׼һ
ͬһʱ䣬ɽϣһӣ´һָӡ



ɽϣ԰ټƵĹʦƿһ䣬һƣСС޼ɽһƬԼʮɵ򣬻˳ȥ
޼Ǽݣļݶﵽ̵֮Ҳ֮飬СС޼һƬɫĵ̺һɽй£ֲɽϷϵһ
սҪʼˡ


561 սʯţ
ϣ
ƺƣս˻ͨʹ޵Ľ̸֮ɽΧӿһƬɱռȽš
ս˻սĵľ죬кŽǵһб˼㡣
һگʿִȻڿ֮£ųǹȻսָȴй¶ʵΧʿҲһ
Զĵطһֱ׺ݡ͡ɱƵ˹ʿҲòȥǲͣգ۾ֵй¶ЩԭʿеĲ
һǿʢĴǸ˹¹ĥӡǵģǻǺͯʱ򣬾ŹЩĴʿɱϸԭһȽӽѩɽ
ȻѾǺܾúܾǰ£ʱĻʵ۶ڵǸ
˹ԭѾ䣬֮ǰڳЦЩˡսȴЩԭϵӥٴεЩʹ
ȻûΪ϶ܴùʮǺʣЩ˶ǿɾĶ֣

ޡءگ޷λһſɽķѸٵ´˹
ɱ
ĺɱУ𶯣ǧȫװʿãã纣ŴľݵӿȥԤϵǣһľȻս˹گʿ
׼ƣ
һݶĺһ޴ĸֶܼƣһƬƬһͻȻ߾죬סϿաͬһʱ䣬¡¡⻷𶯣صĸĺУһһս⻷ЩܼĴ±
͹⻷⻷⻷¹⻷⻷⻷һһǧĹ⻷ţţһƬ
ɲ֮䣬һӴսگʿϱЩֶʿϿգŤһ޴ʯ֣ɢɫĹâֳ
޴ʯһֳگƶʱȫͬúءȵĶࡣ
ʯţ
ɽϣƺƣӸ£گǰʿͷϷֵİɫʯɫʱ
޷ҰĲЩȷʵѵ˲پӣЩӱֳʻϲϰ϶ǸѾˡ
ʯš޷ѵļ֮һ
Ȼǰûڵȴ׹֮ս֧ӳ١ʯگľ֮һﵽʮ֮
¡¡ҡضǧگʯʿ̤ĲֳһһֻȴᶨƵĽŲ˷ɽİ϶ȥ
һĻɽϣ廹춼̲סƤ
گİʯŲнʽԴܵãнʽʹһޡʥʴȣ֧Ԯگܶණӵѵ֮ս֮ǣЩȴ޷ԸˡһﻹǴĻǣడ
ԣԺһâƷľӣϸ޷ԴƵ˽⣬ټս϶ĲҰҲͲ֡
ֻϧ޷ң
ɽ£Ŀñ䡢Ӳ֮ʵʵ޷ΪܻܴһΣܻܵڶΣľʹشˡ
׼
һѸ´˵һһ¡¡ͬħһ㣬һһѤõĹ⻷ţɽɽһ
ʮƾӽŲȲͬĹ⻷ɽӽɽŵһܼǽ˲Ϣ֮ԭɽϢˣǰһɽεģ˺͸γɵĸ֮塣
ɱɷ籡һΣյϢɢһɲĴƾϡྲ˻¶͸һѵأսѪζ
κ˿֧ӶܸܵľսƣǧľȻûκһ˷һ˰㡣
ǧ˵һɣʲһľܹġ
һɲǣʮɽϵĴƾ¶Ǹɨ£޵еĴʦĺۼ
֮սʮ϶սʣµİ϶ûб߽⣬սһ㡣
Щһ
ɽ£Ľ쿴һĻҲƤ
ͬҲòϣƳɹģϵѵʽľ֮ߣ˹˶Ȳϡ
ֵʵѹ䣬˹ӵ֮սĽ»ĽȻͬ
սսս
һıһǧİʯһƵڵ̤ĲϵĽӽ
ɽϣҲǹ
گ˵ļٽӽͬɽϵĴƾִʼһͬһܰ㡣ֻѩĿעɽ¡
ֶ뾲Ľϣһָѹ
ʮɣ
ʮɣ
ʮɣ
ʮɣ

ձ˼㣬ɽۣɽţơɡнĿⶼеǰߴӵĵط
ڡ
䣡
һ죬ǰ˵İʯӺʹƾڶ̱ӣսһˡ
ɱ
ɱ
һ춯صأ¡¡ͬոӣӴ˲䣬һگʯʹƾӵʿ׷ľ׮㵹ȥ
ոһʼʹﵽ˼ΪҶпĵز


562 мƣ˫̽
ѹȥ
ûսȫչ޷һӣһİʯѹȥײ˫ܼĽһ
ѹȥ
ڶŸոȥ޷ĵǵأٴӿȥ
ҪǴϢĻᣬ٣ȥѹ󣡡
ǣ£
޷ԣһӧǹӢͦ佫һԾǰŵ˧١گ󽫶θȫܣҲǰͳ˧ͺ
һѵġ
սһʼɳ٣޷һսӿ֪
飡
𶯣⻷һĹ⻷ƽ̶ʱ䣬ɽ£ΧĴƶܱѹ˼㡣
ÿһ϶İʯʿɱ
һľ޴ľ״⻷һ𣬲ϵĺţţɱڶ޷ûʹκεֶΣǽƣϵļѹײɽϵİ϶
һİʯʿǰ϶Ķ֣ٶȡݶˡǵﵽһ̶ȣʱ䣬һжȻͬˡ
Ϳôˣ
ɽ£޷ءɽĬ˶ĬĬڴŰ϶ķӦ
ɽϵĸ֮ǽ۴αȣɭϣǳֲǳǳء
Ը޷ͻص۹⣬Ҳǰδ
ȫѲ׼ǵ
һ̽
˵ǻô
޷ͻȻڵ
ôһ֪ˡ
۾
λϵƵзǵУѷѵ³ʱһֱǻǣƣں³ʱλϵȴѵõվһһԸơ
ʯѵľţǿʲôֶΣڰʯǰۿֻۡҪÿǵķ϶Ƶ϶ǵ¡⽫ǵһս
޷ɽ
һսˣǰЩˣ϶˹غگ¡ʱǸ޷Ҳβסеļ
εһУһжΪʵ
̫⣡
һԱߴǻص
ôʮĴѵΪǻ𲻵𣿡
޷üͷ
˹صĴ󽫣ޱȣ޷ﱾΪػͬԼĹ۵㡣û뵽ص̬ƺԼȫͬ
Ҳû˵ǣֻ˵Ҫ㹻Ľҵָо²ô˳
ƽ
֪ΪʲôʼֲõĸоΪɽ̫ˡΪڻص϶һ·ӣȴѡͣ£ǽΪɽ塣
֮㹻ľ裬ǧҪǡ

飡
ɽϣƺͶƲͣײһڶ
ɱ
ɱ
ǧʯʿźţϵļѹȥ֨֨ڶ
ס
ס

ɽϣ϶Ŀռ䱻ϵļѹһʿֳִܣϵȥ飬ǵĽ£ʯ鲻ϵըѣ޴ѹЩǰߵĶܱ˫Ŷɽʯ֮С
ǰ߱ۿҲֻʱ⡣
꣡
Ħ᲻ѣһƲ׶˺ɫɽ£޷θȫ٤졢ޡ˶ɽ
ֻҪƵǰʿֲסһ̣˶ӿ룬һٹɽƾ
ˣ
Ӹ£ɽ֯һĴơگ˹ʿĿ޷ͻðʯ̽Լ
ֺγ̽
䣡
һӣһ̣벻ˡڰ϶ֵ㣬Ҫֲסʱ򣬺¡еһȦصİ϶ͻȻ֮ǧʿȫڱӡ
ˣ³ͻȻȦİʯʿȫסˡ
ô£
ɽ£޷ɫ΢䡣
ȻҲϣ϶ʧܣȫܣԤҪ˺ܶࡣǻ룬еİʯһɷӿϡ
ȵȣ
޷ﻹҪ˵ʲôѾˡǧİʯʿӿϣγҵ
ɱ
ɵǣ
ɱЩˣϾǵ£

ǰߵİ϶ܣ˶ˡǰʯŵںһ·һĻ׷Ϸ롣ȻûעˣǰߵԱܣɽϵĴʿȫȻ
ʼ
һӣһ̣źʯʿӦʱĴʿ
䣡䣡䣡
һģǴƲ䣬ǳǧĳЩȫһ¶¸ǽ棬ڴɽſȥ˾Ȼȫֲˡ
ۣ
ڰʯŵ˻ûзӦʱк˸Щ˸Ѿӿʱ䶼ûУһʯŵʿͬոһ׷׵¡
һ״Ĺ⻷ȫ赲ס

ҽ֮ڶǧİʯʿƬĵ£ÿһٶʮʮʿ
£մܣЩȫô˺һȺһѷȺܼ˼㣬Ѿȫ޷㵹
ܼȺҲӵ˼㡣
ˣˣ
Ӱ
ҿˣ

Ⱥ˲һƬҡ


563 սʤ
ܣ
ܣ
ܣ

һʯŵͷ˻ߣСһѾˡ
䣡
һʯŵͷеʱ򣬿Х¡һһ޴ĸͷСҵתţһͷݺʯʿͷ­
ɱ
һ춯صĺɱ˷϶ǰеĶܱѾˣʱͻȻĸɱ
һ޴˸ĺ⣬κο˶̲סƤ
䣡䣡䣡
зɸͬһХɳʯŵ֮У飡飡飡ʯŵʿƺͬľ׮׷׵أ˵Ѫ֮С
ססס
󷽵İʯŽ켱ķСɱİ϶࣬ԶûаʨŶࡣ
ܹס϶ķɱսȫܹдġ
ˣ
ɽϣӸ£ԣ¶һ˿Ц
ʱľӻͣڶ׷ϣ֪ʲôսʲôӣжôǿֻ֪ɱһͨ˾ͳȥǾں֮ڣ
ѵأһһĶ֣޷Կ
䣡䣡䣡
սһݵʤܿһһ浹ոǧİ϶ɽɱ£ʯŵʿֵס
һ̽ڶ̶ʱھͱת

쳷
ɽ°ʯŵͳ˧ˡʯһִģսӾû뵽ġ
󲿶׼ѹϣ
ܻС
ȻûȶϺ󱸲ϣڴƾһ·ɱɽűԵʱе׷ɱͻȻȻֹ
ǧʿ类һ㣬еʿȫͣͺһεһ
뻮һһˡ
ǹȺ󳷣ڴĺ棬ԭܵĶܱٴ˳
ϣ
һһ˶ߺ˸Ľٴǽɽµλáܱǰǹںսͺûзһ
صʬ壬ûκ֤ⳡսĺۼ
ž
ޱȵļž
ɽϣнֹһİ϶޷ʹ޵ĿѿޱȡһԵĻ۾΢УɫҲ
սɽ̸ܵҲıƣʹõʼûкͻ
ȵеս϶ҲѰȫ롣
һǻصһοָµս
һս˫ûгȫľӣֻǳ˲ֵİʯţ㲻ʵ
ɽϣƾӳҲֻɽŵĲ־ӣɽϣеĴƾȫ˿ͷβսҵʱҲûвս
ʣⳡ̽ԵսڷȫǴܿ䣡
ˣ
޷￴ɽϵƾֻû
ʯѵľ񲿶֮һڶҲǼ뵽ô׾ͱƾܣǵŴ޺ͻص档
쵰ڸʲô
޷ŭɶս˹ս5ˣ޷û£װӣʵЩΪȻ
ֱֺ˹ʲô𣬵Ŵ޺ͻص棬ɨء
⻹ֻһ̽˵ʲô
ҡҡͷ
أô˵
˵ŤͷһߵĻء
СӲ򵥣
سĬſڣɫޱȣ
ڵİ϶ϺǰȫͬһսЩ鷳ˣ

仰޵üͷ̲סϵǷɺЦݶʱˡ
޺ͻؽôãټ¶ɫ˵鷳֡صԸͺöĶֻ֣취սʤʲô鷳鷳
Сô
޵üͷϵĶ̫ûضôصôʾȫͬˡ

ϲɱǧ߰گʿ
ͬʱɽϣȴɽŽȻͬսʱһϤһ
һսûеѾ֪گ˵ʧôƬ̵ʱگ˾Ѿʧ8000ˣ
̫ˣ
һԱߴ￴ɽ¼žڴ鼤ޱȡ
ҲֲóԳ֣һگ˹ڣ50ľԶԶȥɽҰɽ纣Ծ޴ѹ
Ȼû˵˰ڣһѹء϶ʧ̫ˡ
һսشһֵĽӴʧˣ治ʦϣƷʿҲ˳߽⡣
ϾѾǾԵƣһʧܣôھĻǻԵĴ
ֻҪܹʤ̬ȫͬˡ
ͳ˧ͨһֱȻľûвսⱾһʵ֣
ֻǵȻһЦû˵ʲô̽ѣ㲻ʲô
ϧˣһ㣡
ɽ£Ժһͷ
ɱɹÿһˣõ޾٣ǧ߶࣬һȻһ㡣


564 սڶս
ȥǲҪ⣡⻹ֻһ̽սԶûпʼ

һսǳҪϵʿԶԶ㣬ʿУⳡսδˡ
ǧ˵ɱԶԶ㲻ʲôʮĽֻǱˮнڵ˵һĭϡ
ǧҪ̫⣬˹غگлغͶθȫּĵ۹ָӣĿǰΪֹǻûг
ǹӣףһѹȥġ
﹪Ҳһ
ʮϻûгλ󽫼غͶθȫⳡսĿǰΪֹȷʵϾԶԶûеֹ۵ʱ
ˣ׼ִеڶƻ޷ʹǱҲжˡ
忴ɽ΢΢ɧҵڴͻȻڵ

ԣսϵԶҡ
޷ʹ޲ȡжʱԶĻҪ졣һ²ǧ˵ʮ˵˵ȷʵ㲻˽ǡ
׼
޷ɫޱȣ
߶٣Ѱʯŵʿȫѹϣ϶ʣµĶʮҾͲţʮİʯžʹ򲻿һ֧϶ȱڣ
ǣ
һȣ߶٣Ҫͳ˧ȫ
޷϶߳ϵıѹûжĽֻһСɽµı£˵ٻʧˣһͿأ޷ȻǼȵĲ
߶٣ƾˣҪóȻȷƾܣ
ͻȻһģ˿ͻȻ˶
ǣˣ
˻ûзӦǴȴǻһæ˫ֲ£࣬һ񣬿ʮη塣
ΧǸҲ˲١
θȫĿⲻһѪ
޷߲Զ˭Ҳûע⵽޺ͻӹһĨɫ
Ĵõı֪ıȻͬƴƴ˭ܳƶԷķսйʾ󳷣Ϊսʽֱδţδ
Դ޺ͻ۵ݾȻҲûʶġ
θȫΪگĴ󽫾һֱĻ󣬲ôɽ¶ˮܹע⵽ʯŸոյսƾʾһȫһµġ
θȫҲֻ˵䣬վڸ޷һͬһûĵһ㣬
ˣ
ս¡¡ŴĶɽ£ãã纣گٴ˶¡¡սģŵǰٴӿ̶ʱڣ޴ͦεɽΪģʯѸٵķгһȻȵķ
ھʯΣ
գսգһ߿һΰ˶Ӱֳֳ߸߾𣬴Ӷеĺ˳ŶٵһһӰϢ磬֮߳ߵ˶ǰС
ЩʯŵĽȫߵսߵǰ
¡
һɫľ޴󾣼⻷ţȴӶٿµսɢ䵽İʯŵʿ¡žͺĳźţһһһľ⻷׷״ʯŽĽ·ӳֵ¡
Ĺ⻷ţһ塣ʮʯŵϢһ𣬶ʱΪһâƺƵ𣬡ˡŤ˵ĿУһ޴ģɽһɫʯٴγ֮С
սսս
һ׵źУʯٴλ㼯ǽɽȥ֮͵һβͬһΰʯŵƽٶ࣬Ӫƺѹ
٣
ɽϣһ϶Ľ׷üͷʯŵĹԲگǿģȴǿġ֮սǵ
Ϊʯŵ죬ֻģ´ƷӵĽ죬Ҳǰ϶ڽеʸ֮Сر𵱳ʵǰ϶Ľ̻گһ׵ģԸԼе֪
٣㣡
ϣս˻˵ʱͬʱ죬ڰɽϣһƥ쳣ٱսһŵﶶëɽԾһ߰Զ
¡¡ֻһ̳м棬϶佫Ѵɽȥ£һԵľ޴⻷ţѸٵƶǰɢȥ
Խ㣡
ˣ󣬰϶һһԾһ̳ǵΪ׵ɽ³ȥ
˭
üë΢ͷҲصֻ˵Ҫһ𹻸ߣͳ佫ϣȴ֪ͨԼŵ佫˭
Խǰ϶Ͻʥ֮ǰ϶ɳһЩȥ֧Ԯ̵گ־佫֮һʱ򣬲ֻǶ٣ھеļ𶼻ߣҶᡣ
ֺͶٵʱĪ֮õѡٵıʵܶ඼̵ֽģּԼȫʯŴĳ̶ֳϣʵһѵġһ㣬ڰ϶мû˲֪֮սʧأܶе󷢻ӲһͰʯѲϵ
ɽǵӰ̾Ϣһص
ԭ
һԺӹһͷ
϶Ϊ۹ر֮أ佫ڶ࣬һ㲻گ˹ض޷⣬漰һ۹µ̵⡣گ˹ǱĻĮ֮أһȫ޷ʹȡ
Ϊ佫ڶ࣬Ҳһһȥ˽⡣
佫֮У־ھأλߵĴڡڵ꣬Ҳ˵ͷȻ˵٣ΪҲûͨôǿ󣬸³ּĵ۹󽫡
һǿԿ϶ģ־һѷڶٵͽ
иӣսֵܣֺͶǰҪõֵܣȴҲһ˴ڵľ档ڶٳѹȷʵ´࣡
а
ԱԽֵ˽⣬ǰҲδӴһжҪΪڿʼսֵѾ֣Լ
壬壬ʿ佫ϵӡޡ޷ɣҿжٵͣ
ɽ£˻֡
ˣ
ɽ𶯣һΣɽ£֮һϣӽƾ˳ǰƽ˵ڶֵս׼֮С飬ո£һһѤõս⻷ͬ죬Ϸһһ㣬ϵĴսϵһ㣬˷ɢȥ
⻷⻷⻷͹⻷çţ⻷⻷⻷һһǧս⻷һƬ鲼ɽͣˣڤڤ֮УɽͶһͭǽڣɢһηϢ
ɱɱɱ
һ˶ߵĽصĶڵϣضɽҡؾ죬еİ϶ͬʱź
һսŸոսڶսѾ٣ұĻҪöࡪ
ϣ
һҵս˻ãã纣İʯźɽϰصİ϶ͬɺٴײһ𡣺¡¡ײɲǣƬض֮ǲ֧ӵսͷʷǰ޵ײ
սٶȿʼˣ


565 սٳ֣
ڼҵսϣ˵Ѿ˼㣬ǿؾʵϡⳡսУѰ϶һ̵ĵ̰Ļôʯž͵ĺˣһһһ˽һˡ
ȻӵϵƣѵʽƣⳡսУ϶ĵʺʵԼʿʿ֮ȫԽ˰ʯţչֳ˾Եơ
£ƵĴƾŽЩǽĳֹɣǡôķֲɽϣչֳŵķսϣҪϵİʯʿܿԴƾѹ
ҪͻƣҪı
ƽԭشսȼֱǲġ
˭Һˣն뷣
ɱһƽʮɱʮ͹ٷã

ҵսϣһİʯŽ캰˻ߣ׼Ⱥһʿžһӳȥʿ飬Ĳҽţ˶˳ȥ
߳ǰʯкպĶս١
ս֮УֻҪ˺ˣӲ֡һΰʯŵͳ˧ϳнȫ棬߳ҲСƾĽͻȻ֮úͭǽһ˶ѹ񶾰߳һսĽٲ֪
һ󣡴ܿǹں󣬡˭ƿƾأͣ
Ķ油ȥҪ󳷣ں涽ս˭Һ󳷣壡
ƾֻɫǸǵĶ֡еѵͳͳᣡ
ܻһΣһܻΣΣ
ʮʮǰʯſʮɽϵĴƾųҲֻʮǾͲôˣǵķߣ
ȥȥסס

аʯŵĽȫ߶սһһ⻷˸ա͵һĽͬһΰʯȫ㾡ȫʯƵľţ϶ȴԶûôӡ
޶У
ǹ׼
۱Уʱ󣡡

Ϊʯŵʦ󣬰϶Զûôӡ֮ս˵ڶû˸˵һһ棬ǰҪָ㡣

ɽϣ忴һĻ˵ͷ
϶һ֧ѵصľţ֮ս̭˴ʵ΢ģµĶǾеľľƾǸʵǿսḻϣҪǡսִǿ
£ûκһ֧佫Ҫܹͳ˧һ֧ѵأִߣͬʱ侫ľӡ
һֱиǾʣܱ֤ʵǰȥֻѡһĻôһ֧ѵصĸӾǲѡǺڡսǶԵ۹ѹС
£۹Ը֥ͷⳣԵ۹˫ͳİսߣӣ䱸ĳеװݣӿɲһƥսҪǣǾͰϣսʽټϼ۹ǧѡǿʵǿͬʱҲһˣټɳĮ󷽵ĶۣԼӴƵʮСľӣȫйʮľӡ˵սһһ޿ɵġ
ǰ£±֮¤溲ͳ˧ıҲѷɫ˶ˡ
а
溲ıʵǿ֪赲ס˹ص۹ĶٴνӴ˹ص۹Ȼû취Ը溲ĵ·Ȼȫ޷ŵʵ֪
ƸĶУֻа϶սƵ͵ġҲ˰϶ʵ͵ġǶһսʮ϶̭ʣµѾ˾еľ
ս
һİ϶ټǧƵİ϶죬ټϸϺͨԱֱδй롣֮սܱһֻսӡǰ顣
ޣأ޷θȫֻҪǾԶܿɽӲһŰϡҰҪ۵ģжҰľҪĴۡڣ͵Ǹ۵ʱˡǿ֮ص˭յʤ߰ɣ
ԣɽ£ͫӹһĨĹâ
¡
һ춯صľ죬һӰһ˸ͬһھ޽ݺݵն˰϶ķ֮Сֻһ춯صľ죬޴ĽͬĶܱǹھ޴ıըȫ߷ݰ˳ȥ
õĴƾߣֻһɲ֮ͱͻˡ
ȫ棡
ֳ߾٣ֱָ񷣬ݣɢһɲ˼ǿϢһʧܣλʯӵͳ˧̤սŶٵĳڶսҲ֮һ߳


566 ս޵У
жͳİʯź֮ǰȫ֮ͬǰȣչֳƻȫͬն
ҾͲţʮʯŻͻƲЩܾ֮Ӫ˸˭Һˣն뷣
ٳһӣаʯŵܼĳˮӿŴ޺ͻص棬ƲѴ֮Ļܣֱ޷ȳ⣬Ҳһɰŭ
¡
𶯣Ϊǧԣ־ٳйӰãڤڤкȻֳһͷֿҩķӳ飡𶯣һŹ⻪ǷΧ⻪ã仯ҩơҩҩʯҩƿҩ׵ַǶ񻰴˵еҩʦ
گŷڽ̺ԭȻͬһԳϵ
ҩʦǶ֮еҩʦ֮ʹ֮
ҩʦگ˲֪˲
¡¡
ټҩʦһȦ޴Ĵ󾣼⻷ԶΪĲͣ𵴡תɲǼضɽҡȫԣ޽˿һɷ籩Ϣϱ
䣬⻷һΧʮڣа϶ĶܱǶϽۣһ·߷ݰ˷˳ȥ
ȫƽ
ԶΪģеİʯŽ츨ͬһ޴㽫һɽϹȥ䣬̳ҽ֮ڶӴİ϶ȻûһֵܹסٵĽŲ
ɱ
жٿ·аʯʿһ׷źŸڶٺɽɱȥ
ȻӾʦ˴սеɽıֽһ¶¼ʽĸǽָǽȫģڲûжãٶڰʯ˵赲Զûô
¡һ㣬̶ֻʱ䣬֮ǰͭǽһĴƷѸٳֱһȱڣڶٵĴ£ȱڻڲϵķŴ
ȷʵ㾡ȫˣ
ɽ£̫ӷ٤쿴ɽսһ˿ɫ
󣬸޷ͶθȫҲ˵ͷ뽫缤ϵı󣬰ʯŵıֶʱ֮ǰͬն
ʯȷʵЩʵ
ȻԺ˹صᲢۣҲǿȦɵľһ
һ࣬޺ͻȻû˵Ҳ΢΢ס
֮ս޺ͻͳͳûĿãֻս֪һսĽ˵ʵʮ϶սܵϢ˶ЩԾġʣڸ޷ͳµگ۹κʱ򶼽Ȼͬ
ǱֵսҲֵ֤һ㡣
𣡡
ɱ
潫ɱˣ

еİʯʿͬǿһ׷׸ţɽϹȥɽϣƵĴʱü䲻͵һβͬһεʱǼ˺ܾòܵģΣٶȱĶҪöࡣ
ߣʿǺ£Ǹնۣôͳս֮ǰѧȷյءɲʲô֮٣
˫ɽ壬Ψһ侲ʼղΪҲֻˡ
ʿ䣬ʯŵʿƾˣǿֵһӡ
ͽȴûıϣٿ춼㲻ϣ
а
ʿ䣬Գ棬һǳսԵҪΪľ߽Ϊ˺Ѵƾӵһսߡڱ忴ͨĽ춼㲻ϡ
һͳ˧ÿսʿ䣬ǽʿ仹ʲô
¡
ٵĴͻûֶܹã¡ڶ޶͵ʱֻһ죬ӵĳͻȻ֮Ȼֹˮϵ̰߿϶£ããĴ֮У¸ߴĸǽ֮䣬һΰӰͬһ㵲ס˶ٵĹҲס˰ʯŵȥ·
һ佫һƥ㵲ס˶ӵơ
Σޣ٣
ҧгݵÿһֶǴݷɫԣɫڵ佫ᵶһԱݺݵĶŴɽɱĶ٣·޲ðԵһ㡣
֣
Ǻճ佫ɫһͣǺܿ죬Ͼͱһɷ
սΪ޽Ҫҡ
¡¡޴Ĺ⻷𶯣춯صĺϱһĹâһӣ֮Уҩʦ˫һҩסҩơҩޡһööɽ籩ֺը˹ȥ
¡
һ顰ҩסԱһǧصĸǽֱӽǽ˺أ˳ȥ
ˣ
âһйҩʯҩסҩޡͺһεǽڣھֻɵľ֮ͣͣСЩ̺˻ҩʯҩסҩޣȫûа취ӽ֮ڡ
֮ͽ֪˷ѣҾ͸ýնɱ
˫Ŀͨ죬ŭ𡣺䣬һѪɫĹҩʯҩסҩͬҰٹȫΪСѪ淴ɣͶϵȻײһ
¡һҵľ𣬰һĸֺͶϵҵײһ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ײ˲䣬ͬʱԾﬣཻ˺Ȼʧɫž⻷ײ˲˾ҵıը
ΧǴһʿǰʯŵʿӦҽŷ׷ױ˳ȥ
ɱ
󣬰϶γźƴããİ϶ɽ³ɱȥͬһʱ䣬ʯŵҲɱսƣҲżҵľһ
ˣ
ɽͶˣĿ⻺ջأķ
һսʤܺͷľǽ佫սֳ֣¶ٵһ̣սһһ׶Ρ
ֵˡ޷θȫһǰʯʧĿɾͲֻǰǧˣ
忴ɽǵɽ纣ʼտȻӰ¶һ˿Ц
Զ̻˶ֵģֻҪս²ĥӡǣ
۹ϣǰѾ̫ۣڣֵΪԼΪˡȻڵԼΪϻֵһᣬ㲻ʲôǱǻ۵Ľ
޷θȫ٤죬޺ͻءЩʲôĻԻ͹ȥҲǶԴʲôҰģ嶼֪ʲôʥ֮
ֻʹĽѵЩľ뢶Դѧأ
ʼж
һ裬졣
ֻնָⳡսĴپʮȫѹϵʱ򣬾ѾΪõ֮С


567 սߵı裡
¡
Ѫɫɽ趯һ£ȻȻ¡һ̣ɽϱ仯ԭֵİ϶ͻȻһɣһ㣬ȻͻȻʧȥǣɲǼ䣬˶ڵ֮⣬еİʯʿȫܿƵʶ׷˹ȥ
ã
۹·˷۽ƳһĻƤ͵һʱȫüֹʱ򣬶촽һţոռһΣһ̣Ѫ棬һѵأȻһŻԵն
¡
𵴣ɰԵײһ𣬻ΪһɴֵľâҶ𡣶ٱҪ³ڵ˲ͱһնȥ̻˶
ϺˣҪ׷
ɽ£̫ӷ٤쿴һĻһд󼱣岻ǰ˼ȵһŷӦɽϺɱ죬õԼ
⣡ˣ
У
ɽ£޺ͻҲǷ׷ɫ䡣ҪûмǴĻ֮ǰ϶ͬ˰ʯš
ɱ
ɱ
򣬰϶֧Ųסˣ

󷽵İʯʿȫǰʲôֻоǰһɣʶļ˹ȥѡɽչսĸ֮ٴֳб¶ȣϱ鲼ɽһ¶¸Χǽú󷽵ʿҰޣ޷ʱ޵ķǰսսϵ΢С仯
䣡
һȺ˷ӿϣԭȻٴңٵѹЧʱȻ޴档
ɱ
ɽϣ϶ǹɭϣڰʯǰҵʱǽѸɱ˹ﬣ֮ڶһĲҽ쳹ƶˡȫΪսľӣû֯ûΣȫһɢɳĽƾǰһ
ۣ
һĳǹش룬ش˲Ϣ֮䣬һʯŵʿܲ׷׵ȥ
һ
ʮǧ

ֻһգۼ䣬ǧƵİʯŵʿ׷׵¡ˮйأݻİ϶ǰҵİʯʿȫ޷ֵ
󷽴ȫѹǰѹסߣκûϽ׷ƾ
¡ʯ䣬͵һ֣һ룬ˡǧս֮ǰѾҪŰ϶һˣû뵽׼£ˡ
¡
Ѫһֵĵֻüٴαֵĵ˽ȥ
٣㻹ʱָӾȹ˺Լɣһ
֣ΪܲסҪ

ŭ졣ֻηŭɳֵʱƾͱ׵ĵˡ
ˣٵǵǷá
ʯһжϰԴƣϰ԰ƶ۾Ĺִ᳹ȴƲ϶١
ϣѹ
ǰסߣ
ҳն뷣
죬˭ҵã

ΧŶٵɰǧİʯŵĽ׷׵һ͸ЩʯмͷĿѸٵĴȥֻڶ̶ʱڣܵǰΪ׼ʯѸٵиһΪ
ǰܵİʯʿֱӱѳҵսߺ󷽣ʯѸ齨µսߣصİʯʿǰѹϡʮʯʿ֮ǰǲɢȫء
ξѾõñľˡѾǼ򵥵ģ¸ӣαõñ֮γԼķ񡣿޷ͳζگô꣬ȷȷʵʵĽĸĸ٣ڵگҲȷȷʵʵӵս϶ʵ
վɽӸ£ǰиѸٻָȹ߰ʯʿҲɰ˵ͷΪˣҲòϣ޷ͳگһگ۹ӪֵزԲǽҡ
İʯڶƽԭͨİ϶˾޴˺ԲżȻ
ڵگ۹ȷʵӵھŵʱ٣һʯܹϣһʿڶ̶ʱؽһµߣð϶ǰսϵƻΪΣһͲκһܹġ
ϧȻûã
ЦһһƣٴδѪɫٴɽ趯飬ңұİʯʿ׷ױոһͬľ׮㵹¡
𣡡
Уǹ󳷣ܱɽ£ǧİ϶ٴʯųѹȥɽϵĲλ϶һͨϡԼ϶ĸ߲㽫ȫɽɽλãһһͺⳡսȫ޹һ
ɱ
İ϶ͬйբ֮ˮƺƵٴγ˰ʯŵΡ
ѹͣļѹ
ͬһĻٴݣǧĴƾӲϵĳˢȥû˶ٵİʯѾ޷԰϶Σա
䣡
϶Ͱʯ֮໥˴˵ľͼѹﵽ޵ʱ֮ǰٴηˡ
쳷
ڰʯź׼£ǰߵİ϶ͻȻ֮ȥһ鷢ˡ
ͬصһȭգƵİʯʿ͵Ĺ£ʶ׷˹ȥǰŲϢʱ䣬ԭ룬İʯٴ֮ǰһģһĻҡ
ޡء޷θȫ٤졭Щϱ߾۾뢵Ƥ£ʯžȻħ㣬ĵٴһģһĻҺ֮С
У
һɲǣ˵Ǹ޷Щľ뢣ɽѹһδͨ϶һ
Ѿڼⱻ塰ͬˣеİʯŵĽͷĿҲƴȫȹ򣬵ǲһգ۵ʱ䣬ʯٴαŪڹ֮䡣
УСӡٸĶ֣ȫŪڹ֮ˣ
ɽ£սУһֱҡӲ֪ʲôʱͣһֱƵǣҲһ˿صζ
ҿǵ͹Сˡ
Ǵ޴˿ԺΨһͷ
֮ǰκսڴ˵ûκ壬ΪûпģҲͰʯŵսѡǰεսڴ˵û̵̫ӡҲǷЩ츳ѡ
ǵ˵Σǰⳡսʱеĸܶʱȫͬˣ
ܶԸ⻹ǲԸ⣬ܰʯŵĽжôŬжôĬϣҲʯž˶ټѵɽǸǰȫֵһᡣ
㣬򵥵һٺЩʯŽǵŬΪС
Щʯŵʿ˶ٽ䱸׼ڰ϶ǰȻȫ޷ٴ˹֮С
ÿµı裡꣬±еĻҪ鷳⽫Ϊ˹ص۹ϰ
ͷӹԺ޵üͷͻȻ
׵üڣһȫ仯ˡ
϶Ǹ϶ָǵѾȫˣޱȣɲ⡭


568 սѵĴ
飡
սãڴޡص˻ɽƾչ¶սսԵʱսѾͼӰЧ飬飬ȴɭϵƾɽ嶯ֵոĳٴγ֣һһʯʿҽŷ׷׵ڰ϶ǹ¡
ɱҪǣ
һЩµİʯսʿ˫Ѫ죬һĺţͼǰɱȥͰ϶սʿȻâһۣһ˷ͱݹǰ룬شֻգۼ䣬ЩηİʯŵսʿԲֻ۾׷׵ȥ
Ӧð
Щʯŵʿһ̵µʱжĳ˲ʡڶ֮ϣɱֹһƵİ϶
Щµİ϶ľϣǽǿš
ʯ˿ڰ϶ģԶԶ
ֻ˭Ҳףֻתۼ䣬ΪʲôⳡսϡͿȻеһжϸϸǰ˵ʱȫ֪ʲô
ռƣΪʲôͻȻ
ԺЩͷЩʯŵʿԺһڣȻʲôҲ֪ˡ飬ʬɽ纣ɽı档һΣʯŵʿһ˶ö࣬ٶȸޱȡ
սﵽϵļһӴĳ˵
棬϶1021Ĩɱ߽һͣ
ϲɱگ۹սʿ20000޼ӳ10005002ĨɱΪ϶ʣսʿ39000ʱĨɱ

ɽϣһϤٲһ㣬ԺкХ£ɽԣ¶һ˿Цݣ
ʯšֻʣ°ˣ
گ۹ľźʹƵĽṹǳƣԲΪоУʯֵһõսʿԶվսǰߵġ
ûаʯŵıӻڵôگ۹ڴƵвȾʹ󽵵͡
е£еʿȫװݣûаʯŵĴڣеϵƾܹѸٵķӳ
1021սʿսȴﵽ˽ӽ201ܱʮսʿȫĥеʮ
ЦЩҰģҪƵˣֻкݺݵĸԽѵʹʹ飬ǲŻףʲôˣʲôǲðģҲǲģ

ɽϣ˶ˡʼǧ˵ʱ򻹿ʲôǵﵽ򣬲һӵʱһоȫͬˡ
ʮˣ൱ÿһЩʬɢɽϣԲǿӵġ
ˣ
ģЩһﵽʲô

һαƾʹֶͬλ֮аʯŵĽ춼ˡȫ֪ǵĲԣȫ֪ǵ˼ȴȫûƵͬ򵥵ĲԻˡ
ʣ
־ŭġҩʦͽµĴ󾣼⻷ݷ˼£䣬һһĺŲϵײ֡
ǱëϷҲٻ赽˼£ͬ籩֡
ûõģ
һݹǵӶ洫һ˫ĿⶢŶĶ٣ѶȻĵ˼
ʱҪң̫𣿡
飡
ҽڼʵĵһ̤ͬһս˳ȥ֮ƺݺݵն˹ȥ٣ٴμҵĽսһ
ܶѾ⣬ǲŬĶٴҪ֣ͳͳܳɹ
쵰ӣ
бŭޱȣʯŵʧֱѪһʿѵģ֧ʯϣע˴Ѫ
ʯȻռţȫŪڹ֮䣬һʯŵʿûзӳԼʵѾսɽϡ
ȻĽѾԼӣˣԴƵսԣһеŬȫͽ͵ġ
٣֪һֱʦƣҲһֱ֪볬ԽƣԽԽҡگҰģڴưگô࣬Ӿµũ̵ɣ֮֯󣬻ҪȾָƣֱɱɿɺޡǶ٣گڲɹҲվ֪ɹģ֪Ϊʲô֪ǵĲ𣿡
Ŷһ꣬Ҫ뿪ܽȫȴȫ޷Լӣһɲǣֻʹޱȡ֮ôͬţʹޱȣһΪԼΡ
Ҳ
ڣЩڶ֮ɱ϶گ˲ϵ£Ťŭףֻˬޱȡ
֣ƨ
ŭ۾ˣ汩һѪ˿
٣㲻ȴƫҪ˵֪گ͸޷ΪʲôԶܳɹ֪İʯΪʲôԶȲϰ϶ΪǣΪƣӵԶĶö˲ţţţšЩ˻һʱߺܳʱ䶼һط֪ǵĴڡ
ֻҪ۹ѣֻҪ۹ҪǾͻǰͺ̣ԴԴϵĳǰ
ΪԽҾ𣿹٣̫ˣȻǰ϶ĸ߲㽫죬ڴҸ㲻ˡ֣ΪǱģɰǧֹ˵ףҲֻǸСѡ
ָ֪ⳡսǵ˭һʮ꣬ʮ꣡٣һͨͨʮ꣬ͿԽǴöжףɾͿԽڼʮŪڹ֮䣡
ƨ
̲סƿڴȻ֪ڹ⼤ŭԼǶٻ̲סŭ
ܴƣگگ۹½Ĳޣⲻֹ޷һ˵룬ǧǧگ˺گ󽫵뷨
󽫾θȫ̫ӷ٤죬٣аţţԼоŽ졭ÿһگ佫֮жĲһǿҵĿ롣
һսǹ޷һ˵룬ⳡսҲһ˷ģǼگԸġ
ֻҪƻڶ֮ϣֻگڴƣûгԽƣôĽͻԴԴϵĳ֡
ٿԼȴûа취ֶԼڮ١
ۣ
ڶΪŭʱۣһѪɫΣͬ׾Թ϶С৵һ¶ٵĶļι֮УһһʺεĽӶٵĺ󱳴˳

һĲҽУְԵ˿ƣ͸ǣ͵ĺ壬͸߾֮С
еŭ˲Ϣ۽͵һڶš䣬ɽ£ڳǧ˵ĿУٵһţ͵Ĵͬ߷ݰ˳ȥ

һɲǣ˶һɽµĴУگ޷ͷ٤һϣԺһƬհס


569 ս˹س֣
ʱһɲ·Ż˫ĿŶٵӰƶվɽͳȫֵҲ̲סƤһ¡
֡
Լһ˿졣
پԲʲôߣһܹʯͻ𣬳Ϊگǿļ֮һ纣֮ϻܰ϶ð϶˾Բʲôߡ
ʵϣ֪ǶʷϣΪگĺ죬ʵǳֵġ屾Ϊֵܹס٣޷þ൱ˡ
û뵽ȫ̲ȫ˶٣һһٽˣɳȥʵϣȫѹ˶١
¡
ٵӰ£ͬһڵ㣬صײڵϡٱ׹֮˲ȥ̳˲ء



Χаʯʿһʧɫ׷ӵضȥǰʯŵʯ˵ʲôʧǾǸѵجġ
ʯŰˣ
Ӹ£һĻһ˿ĹâΪ߲ǲʿ䣬ȥ󣬵վ̫ˡ
ҪһΪ˱ʣʿĴ󽫣ԼͱǿĲ˼顣ʵһʲôʧôʿ˲Ϣ߽⡣
һʿ佫ܹ׵ĴʿҲܹΪʧ˲佫ʿȵء
ܶԼûз֣ʯŵʿ߽ˡ
ǳҲΣҲΰ
帺˫֣ɽ̳ĵطа
ʿʲô޵ĶһͨʿȥҪƴʱ򣬺⣬ֻҪܵʱǾȫͬġ
ʿʾĻôǰ߾ʿٷ֮٣ʿѾ㡣
սϣʿԶǴʤܵĺҪ֮һ

Ǵ콫ȳסǣ
ֵǣֵܣζý£
ǧգһʱǲǱ𽫾ʱˣ

¡ûּ׷ɱȥٰ֪ʯŵĽʿǰͺ̣Ҫ˹ȥκξţٸࡢܣȱЩĹĲ¡
Ϊʯŵͳ죬¾ǲĲ¡
飡
޴ľ⻷𵴣ˤΧһʯŵĽʿ׷ɳȥЩʯŵĽʿ˻ûأѾʬһ
ǼˣȻкηĸ˹赲ֵĽ¡
ɱɵ٣
Ҫ˶٣
ɱЩ֮ͽΪԽ·
ֵǣϣʱˣҪ˶٣

Ĺ٣ߣµͬ١ɽϣڰʯŵľ˹ʱͬˣӭȥ
˫ǺηֺͶٵĹڣ϶Ͱʯŵĳޣͬķƴɱ
䣡
һľɨķͬһƴɱһһ࣬һȺʯŵĹǸɼһĻΪŶٷɽӴܡ
飡
𵴣ɨҶʮನʯŵľ񣬵Ҳò̾һ
ϧˣ쵰վþ
㰲϶ͬвٸ֣ҲվһţʯŷĶ½أվöӹһء
쳷
һܣ϶һ𣬰ʯűɽǵľ͸ˣ
ǰһβͬʯˣ
ߣߣô𣿡
ɽۣ֮ԣɽͳȫ֣۹·˷ô׵˳ȥһᣬˣս֮仯İ϶սʿǵأٴμ׷ϣ˫ٴξһ
нˣҽйأҹõĶֻһЩ򵥵ս֮ȴ־׳־ƵİʯŪڹ֮ˣ
ɱ
İ϶սʿǵأɽϺХ¡϶õѵڴʱ¶Ǽٵıܣ֮У϶˴֮ȻܵкĬϡ
һ򡭡
һİʯʿϷŻٶȣ󷽵İ϶ǣסֽһʿİʯڰ϶Ĳ£ǣס޷ܵһ󵽴ĵز
ֻҪʯŸҲֿһζܣôЩ˾ͻȫɵһü졣
зûбˣ
ʯŻعͷֿͻһġнˣҽйأҹĽ֮Уһ
ҵ˵ֻ࣡
ϲɱگʿ
֮ʯϤٴԺɽµķӹһĨĹâ
ҲҲھͿôѡˣ
ХԺͷ漴һɽһͬ߸ߵһ˸ʱ֮һ
ڣѡȨһˣ
˹ޣˣ
ɽ£ͻȻ˹˵
⡭
˹ԥһ£ʶŤͷһԵĴ󽫾ءȻ˹ذϵߵǴޣھָӵȴǴ󽫾ء
ңȻ˶֪ǻۼǽıϣʵʱԺָϣʵûô
ûĻȥɣ
ص˷֣ûʲô顣
ǣȥ
˹´󶨣æתȥ
һȣӶͻƣ
ͻȻס˽˹޵
ǣˣ
˹񣬽Ųӿ˲١
ڵگ
ȵ˹ȥͻȻתޣ˹˵ֻ֪޸ոǲһֻһ̬ȶѣһ˹Ӧòȡж̬ȡ
ǣ
޵˵ͷ͸¶һ˿ǣ
ǸСӿ±ĻҪگ˰̫ܵ˵̫࣬ǿҲ᲻ʿֶǺ΢ġң޷Ȼû˵ķβԺҲн٣˫˿ɲ̫ãϾԺǽǵĵطࡣ
Ȼˣ־ˡ
صû̫Ĳ
ʱһҪö࣬ţ⽫֮ǰڰ׷󽫾³֮⣬ӦҲӴԭĽ졣˵ʵڣǰֵսʽ𣿡
սǳ죬ô֮ͬľҽˣÿһÿһʽ˶ܿѾеİʯŶôȻⲻС
µǣڶٵİʯžҲ˲ˡ˹˲ֵĻʯŵ³²򣬶ȫû
һºܶ˶ûʶõ޷
ûУ
һֱƽڲһ˿֮ĳĬ
ʹƵĵ۹֮³ʮ꣬Ƕһ۹ҪĴڣҲ纣ø³Ϊ֮ɵĴڡ
˲òϣɽǸĴڣѾȫĳ֪룡


570 սϣǹ

ɽ£ǣ˳ӿ˹޴һ֧˹ɽ飬һĸǽֻͷƤ顣
Сȫ˹صģ
ЩگĲܸܲ󣬵Ϊͳ˧˹һ۾ܿóɽϵЩȫȫ˹˵ġ
һﵽʲô
ҲϵĻʵѾǽ˹޵μ彻ˣ׷ϵĺһְ϶ʱһΣƽؼʹ󽫾ػϵʱһΣǵΡ
گ۹ʷϣûгһЩĶ֣¤ĸ溲һ˹ؼɵĶ֣˵ʵ֮֮ǰɽЩĸǽǴ󽫾˹һֵͷܵĳ嶯
ɽֱͣĵ
˹ɣ󽫾ʹ֮گȴͷ󣬿¾Ҫôˡ
Сӣץǰʬβɣ
˹͵̧ͷңңɽһССӰǿŲθߴӰƺ̺һΪ֮
˱ɱΣ˹Ҳָ֪ⳡսͶսľʲôƵϣҲͨʲô֣ǴʼգɽǸĪ⣬ճꡣ
󽫾жûɽĴҲֻжͻˣ
˹ɽа
ɽ϶Ǳ϶һסİʯʿҲֻжǵΪ˹˽ˡ
Ȼɽʵһõĵ·ֻǡ
˹۲ԶʮɿġͨɨһͨʮƣĴСС޼жʱһĶ񺮡
ȫһġͨûκ̤Щḥ̂Сϸ޼ɽϳȥһôӴʱٶµʱ䡣
Ҫ˵廹ͨľͷһ󳵺ַһȫ׼ɽŵλá
ֻҪκ˳ͨϣȫǽԼ͵Ľ¡
꣡
ͷһ͹ԳǺܿ˹޾侲
ھ
˹ͻȻеĳһӣһ̣ϣս˻˹һ͵Ծɽںɫ𣬺ݺݵһ£ȻѸٵûɽ͵ķ
ݣ
˹޵󣬳ǧ˹ʿ֮һβŽ˹޺棬ɽ͵ĳȥеȫǹ죬֮һһһ¶µġǽɽϵİ϶ȥ
СӣΪЩܵסǣǾʹشˣϣûʲôܹȫ׵ĵס˹ˣ
˹ҧŸߴ׳˶ϣҲ˺ݡ
ԭϵС죬ɽ沼õЩǽȷʵܴܴ谭Ҫ˵ȫ赲ס˹ˣҲǲܵġ
˸ϣǰɱжףɾ
˹޾еĳꪣȵ
𣡡
˹ؾŵɽӦո£ֻһɫľһ¶¸ǽķ϶ػأۣͬڽһ㡣
Ȼֱ߳ܣػسǽ˹Ƶ岼õĸǽķ

ߣϹˣ
ɽϣ۹·˷ػسϵĽ˹޺˹شжһ⡣
ȻǴӶͻƵİأ㻹ȷʵǿԭı顣
Ц
дԣشӴ˲ٱ飬˶ԭĸ·ñָƣҲܹ׵Ľ֮ܡ
ڻͳ˧һǴԲΪԭȫͬһҲȫ޴ӡ֤
ֻһԣ˳زпܶԭı飬ȷȷʵʵˡ
ԾԲʲô٣
ԭıԸԭĽ죬أĳ˹ޣȻˣͲҪˣҿΪ׼һݴ񣡡
˹޿ʱ飬оԻᵨѡ
޽
ĩڣ
Ӱһڼ׹ź磬ϡ־ĺڷ佫˳
֪ӿеĩʱԸ
ǽڣͶ֮䣬͸¶һǿ־ĽȻͬ
޼ǹ϶ĸ߼֮һλ˿ڡ֮֡¡ֵ׽ͨͬȻͬ³޼һ̫ͨǢ
ֹΪ޼³Ҫǣ޼һΪܵΰϴ󶼻λõֻ³ͨȻ³ǰָĴ󶼻ѡʤδ󶼻λá
֮أؽگ˹أ۹ĵطƸӣ˿ǰûһ㹻ǿأ׳⡣
ºķչҲȫ֤ʵ޼Ĳ²⡣
ʨӳͻΧʱ޼ԥĸͨѣѡ˴һְ϶ϡ޼ҸӵĿҪͨĶࡣ
٣һֱ֪ⳡսôȥͨһյء
ȷʵһԱͽ
۹·Ӻ߳޼Ҳǰ˵ͷѡ޼ԭܼ򵥣޼ǹ뺷
һɽϣͷֹϴһﰲ϶Ľ켰ʱϵʱ򣬽˹޶˶£Ψϵİ϶޼ļɵ
սУȫ޼ߡ޼ϵ󲻾ãʹҴҷ뿪ˡ
ʱ忴һĻע⵽˹޵Ľ޻ǿ޼ֲֿǹȴǡǡǿĽ޻ġ
Ҳǽ˹ޱߵҪԭ֮һ
˹ޣ߿ɾûôˣ
͸һ˿Ц
Ի񷣬ʣƣܺ
ڣ
ƽ
ڣ
޽һȥɣ֪ôɣ
ף

һӣҵԼߵĺﾫƽ߼ξȥ
޼ʵԶԽ˹ɺܴвԶľƽξΪ޼׼õ֡
޽һȣ
޼׼ɽʱ˼Ƭ̣ͻȻϻȡһǹܣһ˳ȥ
ҪԸ˹ޣٲȥɣ
޼ĳأһؿ۵ǹܣҲ΢΢Ϊ֮ݡҪǣʱ̣ԼľԲʲôͨĳǹ޼Ψһ뵽ֻһ
ȸ
лӣ
޼عͷȻвɱƽȣû̫ı顣
ȥɣ
ЦЦûٶ˵ʲô
ǹܱġǹĲʲ㼶ʵ̫ߣǾƷ˺ķ飬ټ˴ļĶѡ
Ĺؼֻһǹͷ
ȸֲĴʵ̫ˣ뵽˽ʡôһȸǹͷ
¡¡
ս¡¡ɽ۵ô룬õеȸֳǹ޼ʱ绢ʱһƥɫ¡¡һ·̳һ·ɽ½˹޵ķ򼲳ȥ
ããһƬɽϣ޼Ķû˵ע⡣


571 ս綯佫֮
¡¡ս˻˹޴ųǧ˹ɽµʱɽڽսĵ˫˾޴ĳ
ϣ
ս̤һ˹ʿһɽ£ص㣬һصײһ϶սʿĴܣҽУ޴ֱӽ϶Ķܲ߸ߵɳȥ
飡
һһ˹ɽ£ÿһ˹ɽ£ὫһƵսʿɳȥΪ½սǿı֣˹˲չֳԼԶʯŵս
ܵ˵ΣԼǽ赲ٶȴΪͣ˹չֳҲȻگ

һ춯صĻХ廢еĽ޽˹Ҳһ͵ĳɽϵĴս֮С¡¡һǿ𵴱ըԽ˹Ϊģ˷俪

еİ϶˴ͬʯɳһЩİʯŵսʿȫ˹ɳȥ
ﬣ
ǧأģƴӹɵĸǽ˹ص˳ȥصĸǽ飬ҵ˴Ƭİ϶

˹ͷͷһըͷҵĳ͵ķɳһԾֱӴԾ£û밲϶ս֮У䣬һȦ޴ʵʵľ⻷Ⱥ𵴡

ĲҽУһһ϶սʿƲһ׷ױɳȥЩսĴƾȻٻ𣬵ǽ˹ֶ佫ǰȻСޱȡ
䣬˹ͻȫûһ֮СһƵУξǰͼ赲֮⣬ͱ˹ۻһƷɳȥ
˻ڰ֮УѾݣ࣬ˡ
СӣʲôƨսھԵǰʲô㡣죬ˣ
˹״˹С
ǰİ϶ȫĻеİ϶һ壬ΪԼйĿꡣ
飡
˹һαߵɱе˹ʿ񣬳ǧ˹棬赲ǰİ϶ɱôܿ䡣
ԭҲˣ
ϴֻǽƣڣЩ쵰ҺԵУ
˵Ĳ
ɱɱǣ

е˹һӻָɡرЩ˹޾ܵˣһˡһս֮ǰÿﶼŨصӰڣһжˡ
ɱ
˹˵ļ룬ȫдⳡսḶ̌Ҳı˰ʯźͰ϶Աȡǣ˹ڵĵط϶սԼȫҡ
ܵ˹˵ƣگҲž
ҲҪ£˹˳ˣ
ס϶Ҳ޵еġ˹˾ǵĿǣ
ҼͰ˾ҪˣǲǶ֣

еİʯսʿѾ⣬ֻܣһ̣ͻȻ֮ʿһȫֿư϶
԰϶սһʱ֮ȻҲκβǡ
ۿƼת£һϣʽöԴƼΪһ࣬ȴ¶һ˿Цݡ
Ȼ͹˵һ˹ػǰ಻סˣ
ɽһഫĺɱ¶һ˿Цݡγ˽ס٣ӵһ
һжԤϵһģһ˹˳ʱһģһ
˹ޣزȥˣ
ѪɫĳһգЦţҲǰս͵һͷŶǽ˹޵λöȥ
˹ޣ㣡
һ󺰣Ӵ֮Ҳõ
ߣ
ǵλãһߣͬӣͬһʱ䣬˹Ҳֵķ˶
Ȼص˼ӶͻơǽΪİʯ٣Ҳ˹صɽ
ڽ˹޵Ҫģǻܴܰʯͳ˧ٵġ֡
ʲô˼ֻлǿ߲֤Լļֵ
һǽ޽˹ķصԭ
飡
ݳʮɣɽȺ飬վٶ̫һݣֱӴ̤һʮһɸߵĸǽ档
һݣٳʱʮһǽˡֽ£һȦִĴ󾣼⻷ƺƵҫݣһ׵ֳеoһ㣬ﶼܿ
ҫ۵Ĺâɽ˵ע⣬غʹҲʶĿ˹
Ϊ϶ĸ߲㽫죬պգûвʶġԺ޷̫ӷ٤Ҳ¼׹
֣
̫ӷ٤Ƥ
گ־ǸĴڡϾΪƵĺʹһ𵽹گģʯŵĽҲǧ˿ƵĹϵ
گʹƽս֮ǰڶگҲмߵ
֣گ˸Ǻܸӵġ
Լֻ˶٣˶Ҳû̫ĺ⡣ֻ֮սϵشگ䲻
ʣҴȥ
٤üͷһҪȥ
޷һ⶯ƳһһԵĴ޺ͻأְסˣ
һ£ڣǳֵʱڲֻûáˣҲǳˡ
ǰ滹گ˵ģǺһͣͻһֶگڣٷ֡
ǣʣ˹Ǳ֣߳Ǳ߿Ҳɳ֮ǰٳֵʱǲɳ𣿡
٤㶣ҲĶСֵ
ߣǾͲǲĵˡ˹ּֻҪϺ֣ͨ϶ȫˡڣϺͨɽûغʹ޶Ǳ޶𣿡
٤ʶƳһۡȻغʹһһƵᡣ
ǣʣ
٤ԭļɣʱ˻

䣡
ɽϣһųҵİɫȼգ˹ڼĻһȦӴ󾣼⻷ͻȻһתڡ
һ̣˹ʧȡ֮һͷ޴Ľһ¶¸ǽϷͻڡ
¡
һ춯صľ죬˵ĿУֺͽ˹޴ʮɵĸǽϷ߸Ծ𣬻ȼգͺһһ׵ʯһھʮɵĸ߿Уصײһ
䣬ʯ䣬ʽȻͬҵײһһɲǼ䣬˼ͬʱϰټǹ

ڵ˫˶ĿתעӿеʱͻȻҽһ޽˹һצؿڣԶԶɳȥ
¡
׹ĵطضѿˡ

ΧпһĻİ϶սʿһ׷ʧ


572 ս֮
ʲô֣Ҳˣ
޽˹һצ֣ɹЦֻǺպģƾͶ٣ԼʯŵĹϵ־Ϻŵ
ܹһƻƳڽ˹˵Ҳһҫ
ɱһ֣Ҿɴʮɱˣ
˹޷Ц
ֵս⻷ԻǱȲԼĽ޹⻷٣ĹƲԼĻΪѩɽеľѧ˹޳ϡͨһ⵽ЩǿΧĻǺܹƵǿķ
֣ߣ
צãӴģ黯ǽһݣ߸Ծֱӳ׹ĵط˶ȥ
ߣ
ֵķӦȽ˹޻Ҫ죬ûȽ޽˹£һѪӹ̳гɽϵķֱ˶ȥ
ܲˣ
˹޹Ц۾ţͫбŨҵɱ־ɽмԶľ룬ϡͨƽԮҲҪ̵ʱ䡣
ɱĺʱ򣡡
˹ɱ㡣ºɱˣӵٶȸ죬ҪɱҲõĻᡣ

˹˫צһ񣬺¡¡˷һƵİ϶սʿ𵴳ȥ

ΧһƬңһսʿ
ҹ
˹ը˾һͷʷǰޣۻʵʣ絶ľ⻷𵴣ûһ˿ԿΧ֮ڡ
飡
צأһ̤˹β󷽣ּ׷ȥ
ã˹޳嶯ˣ
ɽ£˹޵ͻ룬ڰ϶кֱ٤̲סüĴĪ׷ֻɽսͬˡ
˹ۼĻûУҪȥ׷ɱ֣Ƿ˴ɡ
һð׷
٤дΪ
˹첻ͬ٤˹ؽûʲôøУǺͽ˹رͶԵһѾɱ˲ٴư϶ĸ߼佫
ڶԸƵսϣ˵á
һ£
޷ס˷٤죬ɫ࣬Ŀⶢɽķ
㿴ûзʲô𣿡
ʲô
٤Ŀһһ˿ȵɫ
̫Сƽ˹ˡûһǻۣλ𣿶һ廢еڶϸΧЩսʿľûʲô𣿡
˵
٤ͫһڷʲô
Щʿǰͺ̣ƴ֣ӡֻֿܣһ־Ǹû˹ǿһ㣬ŸҷĴ󵨵׷ɱ֣ڶ־ֻһ˲֪˸֪顣
⣡
٤һӴסˡ
˹ڲʱǴȥġȴΪٲųֵġǵڶô־ͱһʼԸٵʱ򣬾Ԥϵ˹޻֣˹˵׼Ҳδ̫˼ˡһڵһû޺ͻǱҲԥ𣿡
޷
٤ŤͷȥȻֻһĨԥɫȻȻҲ뷨
Ȼˣ
٤üͷܿչ
޷۹·˷٤ıУҲ˵ͷ٤گ̫ӣҲĶӡ
ˣڴƶܹ˵ͳƵʥʣѧǵĳҲ˽⡣
ͣܺǵеʵ̫ˡؼǣ̫ᣬ鲻㣬ȱ㹻ĥ
ܹ쵽ܶණȴĲ
֪ܹͻ룬оȴûע⵽ΧʿķӦԷ٤ⱾǲӦõġ
ֻңһأͲ󣬾鲻ı׶ˡ
˹Ǹһ˵ɱ֣
޷￴ɽϣ
ѩɽ书ԭ죬گ͸ӲͬˡֿԴܶ٣ϸĸ޷˵Ҫꪳɳ
ȻˣҲ֮٤죬׼һ£ʱ䣬ҪԾȥ֧Ԯһ¸޷ɣ
ǣʣ
٤ȥ
һȣҪȥ̫죬˹˲죡
޷
˹Ϊ˾گ˲ųֵģگٳ˹˾ѿǰæ˻ãûаæ˾öһ٣ͽǲ졣
ף
٤˵ͷȥ

һ򣬴޺ͻͬ˹ｻ̸
٤ˣ
޿ڵһǡ
ˣ
ص˵ͷû˿顣ĿעɽϣͷŤûŤ޷ͷ٤ķ򣬵˵Ķ˿ǡ
گλ̫ӿԽ˹޺кøа
޵
˹ϸ٤ֱҲ
ص
٤˵ĶԻһᾪȲѡΪ̸۵ķԼ
ҲЩ׼ˣ޷֣Ǳ߲ûж
ҡҡӵ
ţףѾȥˣ
˵仰ܴ޻ǻضĬ˭Ҳû˵

ɽϣڴޡء޷٤˻۵ʱɽϣս˲Ϣ䣬˹޺ֵ׷ɱѾҵı仯
飡
ƺǽ˹׷ֻ̫Ų·һԣˤһӣôһ
ûᣡ
˹һ·׷ɱһĻ۾һŹֻᡣ䣡˹޵һȻһ춯صĸضĽºȻ𶯡
һ̤ķ֮˹Ȼٶȱǣ˲Ϣ֮֮׷˹ȥ֮һ̩ɽѹֱͷȥ
̤֮
˹ȫһɣзϵ֮һ޴צֿУͬСɽСֱֶȥ
ʮ
˹޹Цһ۷״̬ҲĶ֣Ѿˡ
úã
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ڽ˹ٶȼӺ󷽼׷ʱԭŲ·Ե۵ͻȻһĨ̫Ҫҫ۾â
˹ޣϵˣ
䣡
һĨѪ𣬾ڽ˹޵ĿУѾ˵ͻȻһƣһ˲Ϣһܽȫ֮ٳſеĽ˹ޱֱȥ
ͬһʱ䣬飬صľӽ˹޶дڽ˹޵ĸ֪УΧããĴʿͻȻ˼籩쳣ǿӰ
ﲻ֪Ǳ˶ãֱʱ򣬵ȵֽȦŷ˷
˹ޣɣ
䣬ĺУһϢǹһǹϢķ·նҪ˺ˡ
ǹ
˹һ䣬ʶӹһͷܷ˿Ϣģ϶ҲֻǸǹ޵У޼ˣ
ˣ
Ժͷ˷֡޼ƽԼԻ񷣬ʣƣܺľǸͬһʱɱ
ʮˣ˹ŰΧضе·
Ȼʮ֮֡޼ʵΪߣеɱȴֺ޼ƽԼԻ񷡢ʡơܺ졣
ո£Ϲâ˸˵Ϊһ壬֮һֻɫĻ
֮ǳƽ֮УСͺϻ󷨣


573 ս˹޵Ļ֣̿
кܶĺϻ󷨣رھУڴơ˹أگ򰵣ĺϻ֮ͨڶߵ֮սɱǿߡ
ֻּ֮ǺĬϣĿǰΪֹϻ󷨻СΧ
ϻ֮ĴʢЩ֮߳
½ϵߣƣ˹أֻ߶ͻʣʳ֧е඼ԼĹЩûжá
еĹǣ±룬˲òת˼İ취С͵ĺϻ֮ǸʱͻȻ֮ʢеġ
ƣΧйеĵ۹˴о󷨺ϻ֮
󷨺ϻ֮Ǹʱģ̶ʱڣС͵󷨺ϻ֮ʹﵽ˶壬֮е̳֮С
Ȼʱִ٣ƽԼԻ񷣬ʣƣܺûоϸġʿѵǼϰ֮Ըһѩɽġ˹ޡѾ´ˡ
䣡
֡޼ƽ˵ġ֮ϻֻ֮˲Ϣ֮ʮ˰Χϻ½˹ʱѾ׼ҲѾˣ

ƺƣʮһ˾ײֻһҽУĿ֮£˹ӴġޡӲ򱬣ɢ˹޴ӽֱ̬Ӵ򱬳̬
ۣ
Ѫ䣬һĵѪǹ۵˹޵ǰأǹ֮࣬࣬ӺĴ˳
޼
ǹ޵޼
϶ܹʹִǹȫӽ˹ǿģҲֻ޼ǹĿǹ
ȸǹǹµǹֱӾʹ˽˹޵ҪѨ˺ڸµǣǹһĿѾһǹʱ򣬴˽˹壬֫ٺ߾֮С
˹ޣ


һ˻˷ԶԶģ˹صսʿ۾һӾͺˡ
ͻȻ
̫ͻȻˣ
˹׷ɱһޱȣһ·ӣɱ񣬷ɱ𣬶ۿžҪȡֵת˲֮ƾͶתֱ£˹׷ɱһɱ׷ɱһ
ӷԾУӦ޼޵ǹѾȫ⻷֮һٶ˽˹޵ҪѨһ
ɽ£˫ͳ˧඼Ҫֹͣˣ

һͷͷβķֵˣӣȫǳͷβϷΪľ˹찣
ģǱƭˣ
ͫһҡȶȻֹһ˫۾̧ͷɽǵӰ
ǹȻǹǾıơ
Ҳϵսֵ֮Ļǽ˹ޣ
Ӷٵ˹ޣҪôԶʱƵ˹ޣֻ뵽һˣǸĴ꣬壡
ˣ
趯ȣеһʧȥƽ⡣
̬ʧѾˣһξ֮һ޵̬ʧΪ˹ޣ˹޽ֻһ
ԭǣ޸оԼĶ֡
˹ǻʱųȥģӰʯŽٳٵ˹ܴôʱȣֵʱ뵽ƽ˹ޣһ˿ġ
޲£
һκ;޹أ޸оһԼһģһĶ֣㻹ﲻҲͬһǽ
Сӣˣ
ͫһɱ㡣ţпܵĻСӵȡϵıڣ޵뷨ͻȻıˡ
ֵȼĶ֣ԲţҪĳ
꣡
һ󱬳ӰԱߴؿȻͬɽһǽֱۣ߬ɫѾй¶еĸܡ
˹޵Ľ޻Ȼ֮廢֮׵հͻ磬֮ᣬ֮ǿֶ֮հͶԶԶ硣
ޡǴѩɽսѧ˹ѡķհǽȻͬġΪһ㣬Խ˹׷ɱֵʱ򣬲Ǵ޻ǻضǺż
ǰһĻԲǻǰԤڵġ
ιԪ׼
ǣˣ

ҲɽŵĶ򣬰ɽϣ˹޵ľ˶ˡ

һʹĴ󺰣޼һǹ˹ޣͬʱһ¿ʼ׹ʱ򣬽˹ȻһץݺݵץסԼؿڵǹֹ޼ǹһȥ
飡
һֻͻȻ޼ȥ飡Ŀ֮£ཻ˹޽ź޼һƷ֮ǹ£һ·ѪȻ·ȥ

˹޻һ˫һչŴѪˮ𵴿ȥҽУƾսʿ˹ɿȥ
˹޽ʹݼٶȲһ·ǿȺɱһѪ·ɽ¶·ȥ
ˣ
󷽣һ޼ֳֳǹڵϣһĨɫҪѨˣƻԵ֫ٺȻܡ
ķ֮ǿֱĻҪĶࡣ
飬ûжĻ޼кâһϳǹŽ˹޵һ·ֱ׷ȥѾĳǹˣܣˣĿЦˣ

޼һɽͶŭȻ
˹޿ıɱһս֪ɱ˶ٰ϶Ľʿ޼һֱһս
ϧ˹޷ǳʶڶҾ󲿷ֵʱ߶дĽʿҺگ̫ӷ٤켸Ӱ롣
޼ȻԼǹǳţҲûĿͬʱԸ˽˹޺ͷ٤ˣ˵ߵĴڸˣ
飡飡飡
޼ʩչޣȻڰɽӰ
׷
ƽԻ񷣬ʣƣܺæ׷˹ȥһս˳ʵǳԤڡ
֮Ȼ彻ǣʱ̫̣һ˻ûл֤
ȻԽ˹޵򱬣ֱ˼飡
ԺһͷٶԽĿˡ
˹޵ǿԽԽܸܵһ㡣͡Űһͷʷǰһͨ˿ӦԵġ
ҲۺҲԶ佫
˭ҲûϵһȻ˲佫ˡ
ӵʵǲ˼飬˹çȫŪڹ֮䣡
Ի񷡢ʵҲǾ
ֵܼסˣֻһʼһ֣˹޲Լ֮СΪˣвŶ˾塣
ӴԽã˶ԽҲȫΪʲôλǿһ֮ǧڣΨ˵߷ˡ


574 ս޵ķ֣

Ҳ󷽵Ի񷡢ʵˣǰ˹󱩺һѪ·ʹƽݡ
ܵģܵģҵĽ޹⻷Ǵѩɽѧʦ˵ҵֻҪϡͨû˿вҡôܻᱻһӴ򱬣
ôܻˣ
˹еĲֱֻ̼޷ݡ
һȫеţڽ˹ϵԭ֮һЩԾ˵ٶʧ
ƣ򱬵³
ϻܣ⵽ʲôϻܣ
һսֻн˹һģ޼ǹ֣Ǽ϶ɵ󷨺ϻ֮
޼ǹʱʵѾˡ
ƾԲ󷨣һСӣһǸСӡ
˹־£ʶģԺиһӰ˵һǸ󷨣ôʣǸСӡ
˹ڴһ¸ûм׺ϻ󷨣еĻһʹˡ
ģġ
˹޻ûзŭֻĿ־塣ȷ֮թǸע⡣
ڽ˹޵һУûжһԼ˵η塣
ȻǸʵԼ˹ȴȫ˲𱨸ͷֻĿ־壬ϣԶԶ뿪뿪ɽ塣
Ӻͷ٤һսбٵֺʮһ˹ѾѾȫ˲ǰս
ĸо˹ǰҲйǾǡࡱ
¡¡
ɽһ죬ս˻׵һһƬ˹޿Ըо󽫾ǱѾȡжһ˹͸ɽϳѾˡ
øϿ췵شֻзڴ֮УҲһ
˹ֱһŨҵϢӱдδһΣ˹޸о֮һɹϢâڱӰΣܣ޷ѡ

ͻȻһ춯صĴôʱ޼ڴӺ˹ﬣһĳ쳹գ˵ĿУ޼һ̤ͬһڵеĳǹ赽£Ѿһ˳ǹˣǱ仯һһǱ̶һɳ

޼ĿݣԾڳգеĳǹһȻ֮仯Ϊ׳磬ֱ˹޺Ķȥ
ã
˹޴󺧣ϡǰܵ޼һǹڣʵ͵ֵס
䣡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬˭Ҳûз֣һ˹䵶֪һ˰޼ĳǹ̺һǹֱӾͱɳȥ

ս˻һ˹ؽĿ۾Ȼ֮һӽ˹ֱ߲е޼ȥ
ӣ
˹Ƥ˶ˡʶ죬ԲԼ¡
Ȼȴû˹ޣﬣδѾһ޼ֱȥ

޼ʵǿ˹޶Ҫɵ֣οЩ˹صĽ졣䣬ֻһƣͷ飬ߴ׳˶ĸԭͬ˹ؽһ޼ɳȥ
Ȼոջһ˹ؽ죬ת˲֮䣬һϣĳбɲǣ߰˹ؽŸߴ׳˶ĸԭֱ˹
Щ˹ؽĿ׺ݣºö̤һȦȦ⻷ȫһҪĴ򷨡޼һ׺׵˹ؽ죬ô಻Ҫ˹غ޼ǹ׵ˣҲһʱ֮䱻ס˽Ų޷׷ɱ˹ޡ
飡
סĻԶֹ޼һЩ֪ð˹ؽǰͺֱ̣ӹȥƽԻ񷡢ʡں׷ɱ˹޵ȫ
ˣ
ɽֱҪˡ
˹սвѾ֪жƾսʿϣӪ壬ˣôԺ󣬾͸Իɱˡ
ң޼һǹȻţشƸң˹ؾղвٴѩɽزصĵҩ
ֻҪ˹޲˵֮һʱĽ׺ݣ֪ж˵ϡ
ȻﵣĵĻԶֹˡ

޼ƽ˱һȺ˹ؽƴסʱͻȻ֮һҽдҽвǽ˹ޣǺ󷽵֡
հͣ
һУͻȻȺи߸߷ͬ߷һɽķȥ飡𶯣ֵҵһºģ黯ǽϣ۵һѪ˳ɫࡣ
ֵĶ棬֪ʲôʱһߴ׳˶³˻ϢӰȺ֮УͷɢҰԣһȺ˹䵶ޱȡ
հͣ
ͻȻһĻ˶ˣ޼ɫУ㱻һ˹صĽи첲ʶ׳˶Ӱ϶˹ؾ˴֮߼Ľ֮Ѿûвʶˡ
հͣ廢֮ף
սǿ佫
˵սȽ˹޻Ҫ£һѧԶԶ˹ޡ޼ĻԶ
ô
޼һݣͻȻһǿҵΣСհ廢֮ףհͳ֮ǰȻû˿
ңӽ˹ޱ׷ɱǰֻǶ̶һɲʱ䣬˹طҪԮҲǡ
ޣ
ʯ䣬޼ͳвͬطһɲԺӹͬͷ
հҪô̶̵ʱڳֻ֣һֿܣǾڽ˹ޱ֮ǰʵѾĵĽɽˡ
ְŵľֻˣǴޣǻأ
޼Σˣ
룬ɽ棬˻һŭУ϶ĸ߲󽫶ȥֱֵĵطȥ
һѾˣ
˹޲Ǳ֮ǰΪս˹ޣİһơհȻǿһ㣬Ż뵽Ҫȥ֡
񣬽˹ûַҪˡ
飡
ҽһһ̤հһűĹȻͷţֱĳȥǹƿգε֣
䣬һصĺǧصĸǽϣشǧĸհͻɣһԺ֮һ
ס
Դˣ

ͻȻıʵڳ˵Ԥϣͬһʱ䣬޼ƽԼԻ񷡢ʵƲ½˹ֱհͶȥ
˹Ѿӹһ٣ҲѾ£׷ɱȥһջ񣬵ҪǲܵģҪˡ
հͿɲֺöԸĽɫ
࣬󽫾
հ˹дϲöҲ֪Ǵʹ󽫾ļıߡԼҲǡ


575 ս˹֮
࣬Ҿ֪Բ޶ԣ
˹һӷˣâڱĸоҲ׵ʧˡ˹֪Լӹһ١
һΣ˹û˿ͣҲûʲôҵ߷ȥհɱһĳȥ֮ȱԼһ
һ·ɽ³ȥ˹޲ûע⵽һ˫Ŀעܿһš

޺ͻأ˹ذϵ˫赹Ȼ֮
ɽ£ȺУ޷ͻȻһ̾
հ͵ĳ֣ˣȻǴ޺ͻ粼µֶΡҵǸӺԱˡ
֮Ȼ飡
һĮӺ󷽴ʱҲֻվڸ޷گ󽫾θȫˡƽˮž޲հ͵ĳҲû̫󲨶
Ҳϵõֻƽ˹ްɣ
ţûн˹޵飬հҲһѰһᣬˡ£ֻһ׼ڿŹȻ顣
޷̾ϢһõȴǴ֮
ּǿߣߣ봫ѾʲôܡȻ޷ҲԸԼͶθȫĽ̸޺ͻ
ȫԺ˹˴򽻵رǴ޴ҪرСġ
޷
Ѿ͹ˣһƣǻû˼Ըǡ
θȫ

ɽϣüΣա
죬ˣ
հ֪һ̣Χڣеƾжһֱհλ˹ص廢֮ס
䣡
ȻûǿһɰհϱҽУ˷ɷİ϶սʿûпͱɳȥһǶϽۣص׹ڵϣѪ߰ߣ֪
հ͵ĹȽ˹޶ҪǿĶ࣬ԱĴսʿ˳̶ҲҪȽ˹صĶࡣ
飬һлһհٴֱֶȥ
ס֣
ƽд󼱣ֱհͶȥ׷ɱ˹޵ĹУģҲϵֳġ
ˣ֧Ųס̫ãҪֹ
ƽаûһ̣о˵Ľ
ƽСģ
ˣСģ
챣ˣ

ڴʱһ󾪺ͻȻ˷ƽԺԲ죬ûзӦͻȻ֮䣬䣡һӴϢٽӽ
ã
ƽûзӦһֻ̺ŻԵľһصĻС

ƽҽһŶȥѪըӿ
ȥɣ
˵Ŀ֮УУհûȥ׷ɱ֣ͻȻ֮һͻȻƽ۷ȥһصĻϣ˻ײɳȥ
סˣ
˴ʧɫһ϶׷׷˶ȥסƽУ޼˫һ죬ҲǼ۶ȥ˹ȥ
ס֣
ǹһã޼˼סհͷһǹཻ޼һ飬˵ŵŵ߰˲հȴɽȻͬ޼Ц
ˣ
һɲ޼гޱȡ
հ͵ĹҪҲѹⲢ޼ĵġ
ӵ󷨱ˡ
޼Ժһͷ
հҪȽ˹޽թѶԸĶࡣװҪԸ֣ȴһƽƽһˣ˵󷨺ϻ֮ơ
ûйӵ󷨺ϻ֮֮ƾڳˣԼڣºѶԸλ˹ص廢֮ס
ߣ
ͬһħɽλλãհͶȺе޼ǹһЦĿкԼȻһΣû޼ɽϵķȥ
ã
޼ɫһԥĳհ͵ķ׷ȥ
㣡
ͬһʱ䣬Ի񷡢ʵ˷˶ϣһհ͵ķȥ

ͷһ֦
հɽ׷ɱ֣֮ʱһ࣬˹Ҳ쿿Լս
ѪֹԽء޼ȫ֫ٺ֮С˹޲ǺܵģʹѩɽŷǳеĹϵ
кܶѩɽҩֻҪһöֹסԼϵƣҴΪϵˣֻҪʱ䣬ָܻԼ嵽ɵʵ½ս
ܹʹԼҩֻҪ˶ãԼһö
ѩɽоԶ˹ص۹һЩҩ֮ǿԶ
ˣ
ڽ˹޵ײײԼս㼸ɵʱͻȻ֮䣬Ӱһһگʿףƺ赲Լȥ·
ÿ
˹һ죬ЩͷҪƿگʿһ̣ڽ˹Ҫֵɲǣگʿƺ˶̧ͷ˽˹һۡ
һɲǣ˹ͻȻӶԷпһ۵ĺâڿе˫һ٣˹һͻȻּ䲻ĸо


ɽϣհһ·׷ɱ֣ͬʱһ˶Ի񷡢ʵȾˣɱˣɱȫ˿ɵУע⣬϶Ҳȫ˺ѵʱͻȻ֮һĲҽ
˺ѷΣһ
Ǹһܷģֻһ˲ܷĲҽ
˹ޣ
ɽ£ãã룬ɫһ䣬͵ŤͷתĿ⣬ķȥʶǽ˹޵
ǣѾɳհͣ
ңҲѾصӪ֮Ϊʲôֲᷢҽ֮
һɲǣͻȻּ䲻ĸо
˹군ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬گ˵ӪУ޷µǿߣ󽫾θȫ˵һ䣬΢΢Ĳһ¡
ʱһɲǣ·ֹ
ڣ˶ע⵽ĵط
گ˹ؽĵطһġگʿǹбһǹ˽˹޵࣬ҽǹϣ߸
ڴϵսݺأɱƾʿĽ޽˹ޣ˿̾һûŵƲббĹگʿǹϣ˫˫Ŵ£΢΢ſڶ
ɱ
˹ޱɱˣһǾɹĵطһگʿɱˡǾˣ˶֪ǾԲһگʿ
壡
ûκεԵɣǵݵӰֿҵƣͻȻ֮뵽һˡܹ£ܹڸӵսϣڽ˹Ѿѵ£ǰ㵽·ߣһɲǳɹĽɱֻ뵽һˣ壡
Ǹһ鷳Ĵ꣡
ͣ
һĳ˹޵壬˹һ丵βʣگʿʵǣ˵Ƽͣ
ȣ
ǹһ˹޵㶶֮⣬ľʿӦگʿ˵ɽȥ
ץס
ϸ
ˣ
Ҫˣ

һŭ쳹أΧеԸԵţگʿ׷ȥرЩگʿˡ
˹صĺȻһگʿɱˣҪ˹˲ᣬگӴвҪǣ
˹ôһͨگʿɱ˵ģ˾ɣ


576 սհͳˣ
˹ˣڽҪհͣȫ
׷ɱگʿʱͻȻ֮䣬һڰըصķ
ÿ˶Ϥޱȣ
˵һ޶ԵĻôڶ˹گ˵ʱһжʱȻͬˡ
䣡
һ춯صľ죬ڶݵļž֮ƾͻȻ˽Ȼͬı仯еĴƷͻȻԭհͣͬλ廢֮׵˹غһͻȻ֮Ťͷɽɱȥ
ɱ
ͬһʱ䣬ɽϣǧԭԭشûвμսİ϶ͻȻ֮Ӻɱţͬˮɽɱȥ
˹޴˹شɱհҲɽϣⳡսʾѾıˡⲻ̽ԵĽս
ˣ
ԭ׷ɱ͸˵ӵɫһЩ͵Ľʿɽ³¸鳱һĴҲ͸ηɫ
Ǹ˵һû뿪˹ޱɱΨһսָӵհȴɽϷ֡
ڵİʯź˹ؾȺף
հʼļƻʲôʼƾ׷ɱֵʱ򣬾Ѿ뿪Լľӡ
հ͵Ĵڣ൱ޣ

˳֮Уհ͵׳ͬһ㣬ǰҵҲηһ̣ɽͻȻХµĸհҲɫ˼ɵ֮ɫ
϶ҧڵʵжߣܼʱ˳ȥһ¾룬ݵ̫ȵϡ֣ͨҪ˳̫ˡ
Ȼ˵ǲհͼɵ
ߣôɱ˵
հɫһݣ¶˾ġǴǱʲôɱֲɡ˹Ҳ
οˣԶ
ˣ
հ˫һϣﬣֻһݶĽ֮·תհͱһ𰵽ɫľ޴ʮᡣʮİ˫չͬһְɫ̫ա
ͬһʱ䣬һհͽ´ھ޴ĺɫâг£һ̵հǿͬħһ㡣
¡
հһΣɲ֮䣬һͬһڷ籩ϯܡ
䣬Ű񱩵ľɨܣ޼ڹǸɣͬΧĴư϶սʿȫɳȥ
հ͵ʵѾﵽ˺Ȼɫĵز
ﬣ
һɺâհԾе˹䵶лһĿպۣʮնȥ
һƥһһƺƿ磬·նҪ˺ˡ
հһ͵Ϯ֮ǰͽ˹ˣΪܵˣʱѾľˡ
ۿ־հ͵ĵ¡
¡
âһһƺƣײհ͵ĵϣ޴˴һȥհɱһȴҲһƫȥ
ŵŵţ
شһĿ׳˶İ϶佫ŵŵ˼Ѫۿǳ˲ٿ
٣
޼һֳϲһԼڹǸɷȥٵİ϶߽׽첢һ赲հ͵ǰ
ߣûõġǼסң
հ׹˸ͬ籩ڹĵʣµʱ䲻ˣЩʱѾ㹻ɱˡ
޼Żһߣ٣һͷٻ㣬磡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬հ׼ɱʱͻȻ֮һ
䣡
˻ûзӦ޼ȴһ˷Ӧ䣡âһ޼¹⻷ҫ˲Ϣǹһһ˴ִɫǹ˲ӹؿռ䣬˲հ͵¡
Ҳ˷Ӧ¡һâֱհ͵ͷ
ˣ
ӣ

ӦƽŻȺĹǸɣϳﬣ˲Ϣеȸֱݿ׳˶հ͡
ֵ֮塣
ﬣһâ˲ϢȺأû˷Ӧ˽һʩչԼǿľѧ

һ޴籼׳תڴﵽһ߶ȵʱͻȻ֮Ȼ£ͬһհ͵ͷ
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬˵ĿУ޼ǹٵĽԼ˵Ĺȫһεϵ
ʯ䣬ֻһģ̵ִհչ
У
Χһ󵹳˷пһĻİ϶սʿȫհ͵Ѿۺ˲˼ĵز
Ȼûн޽˹ļӲӲƾһۺȫﵽƵЧ
ͣ˶հ͵ۺʱѪһû˿ףص£һհ͵ֱͷȥ
ʯ䣬հͷ­һƫԺܹ֮һں󱳣͵һհͺͻȻһѪۣѪӿ
͸
һȻ˺ġ͸Ч
ʲôѧ
հͿһ򶨣һҲɫ
ѩɽĳʶôѧҲûмʶֶסĹƽȴĪĴ͸
޼飬Ǹʵֵһȴˡ
ոһɲӦ졣ͷҪ
ˣûлشһֻͻȻ䣬һһհ͡͸ЧĴԽ࣬ĴԽࡣ
Ȼֶûа취жһǿԿ϶ġֻҪִﵽĴΣȻһγ֡͸Ч
ǶԸհۺǿõİ취
ҲΨһвֶΡ
ȻһΣûȵ֣հ˫һƣһ͡ǵأɽȻڱ
¡ֻһ춯صľ죬ը塢޼١ȫ˳ȥ
հ͵Ѿǿ˲˼ĵز
һΣ֮հ͵ȴûκεϲɫû֮ǰĴݡ
СӱҲͰˣһľѧǴѧģ
հһɽ£һ˫˵ĶȺ壬Լеɱһս֮ͻȻ֮ö䲻
ֹΪǹģʤġ͸Ҫǣո˵ļطһĲ
ѩɽ书ǳҲǳѡհʮ꣬һ书ѴﵽɵĵزǾԲĵزȻࡣ
£ͷٻĲڡ
ҲͰˣϸָͷٻƫ磬ⲻòհмɵ
ΪѨڡ
һɲǣհŨҵɱƺͷУվλ޼֮հҪ֣Ҳûпܡ
հͣˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һɽ£һֱɽȻĻأ֪ʲôʱͻȻǰһ˹﷢
ˣ
һͻ˵հͣ嶼һ
հͿʼһɻ󣬵Ǻܿͷ·ʶʲôתһԾͷҲصֱɽ¶ȥ


577 սս
ϧ
հͻȻɽµȥ̲ס̾һ
ǰĿϧֻҪٻһհ߾߲ˣȻûзӦǻطӦˣ
޼Ҳ
ϧλᣡ
һӺ󷽲Զڴ󷽣ʮ⣬һһӰ˳հ뿪ˣЩҲòϵϢһһ籩ӴϢЩɢ
еˣÿһ˵Ϣѷ޼һȻЩ˶ǰ϶߽׵佫
϶Ĳ࣬Ǹ߽׵佫ࡣ
ֻҪհͷӦٳһ㣬ʮ佫塢޼ǣټΧǧİ϶Խհͳ׵
ɱ
ս֮춯صĺɱУŸоŨҵսϢ
û˶٣û˽˹ޣհͶˣʣµİʯź˹Ҳֵס϶ĳ糱ˮһ׷ɽ³ˡ
ӣô죿
һȺ˵Ŀ׷塣
ߣҪˣµĶ˵𣿡
ϻگʿףɽµķЦ֮ǰİˣص飬һ·嵽˽ӽɽλá
ڵɽ棬нӽ˾սʿ
ʼսĿѾȫﵽˣ
ʱ򣬻Ҫݳˣľ̫Сˡ
ƻλλʼոɣ
ǣӣ

壬ѾȫŷһѸתȥ޼뿪ˡ˵ֺƽҲһ˰á
ɽ£ɱ󣬴ɽµĴսʿѾס˴սʿ
ˣ
һЦȻʼⳡսҪһĻ
䣡
ҽŸ߸̧Ȼصȥ¡һɲǣһƬʱ䶼·ֹ
ҽ£һȦȦĲС󣬿ʼ˳ҽţ˷ɢȥ
Щ֮еĴսʿǾɿĵطһگսʿ¹âһһȦɫ⻷ͻȻ֣ǵڶĸ˲Ϣ֮ʯչɽе˹սʿ
ûκεףһ˲Ϣ֮䣬ɽеսʿʵ񽵣㼶
ô£
˴ʧɫ
սʿͰ϶󣬵ǾһɲǣʵͻȻ㼶ٶȡݣȫԵĽͣܵٶҲ
ôҲ벻ģ
һߣеĴư϶սʿǾΪϵ޵Уگսʿ˹սʿ˴֮䶼̫Ϥˡ
ϵı仯ư϶͸оˡ
ɱ
һ춯صĺɱ쳹еİ϶һ񣬷ɱ飡һһگ˹սʿ׷׵¡
ЩɱһĶ֣һͻȻôԭܵĳ棬ټʵֻƬ̵ʱ䣬˽սʿ
ӣ
ͬһ㴫ľӣƵ˹ʱҲȫɫ
ɱ
ǰӴܣ϶սʿں׷ɱʬһ߾߶棬Ѫͬӿ
һҪȥָӣȥƶˡ
ޣͿôˣ
ЦŲһһݵĳɽȥߣȫװĴƾͬˮӿȥеսʿڿʱ򣬶Զӿȥ
ӣ
ɽϣóϷĹֱ̬ͨϵʱҪ𾴡
һ㣬ǳ׵ĳˡ
ް޻֮УҪնɱƵĽ죬վһУ彫֮ƻһһ˹ޡ
˹ӹһһ٣ӵԼȥˣԼҲֻɵľ룬ǵǰ
ӿʼʼûӹơ
λսʼ֪ɱ˶ٴƽʿ˹غվǵ
ɵ֪жҪ
ض񣡡
˰֣ȡͷϵگսʿͷӵһߡ֮ǰͷ٤Ĵսȡ˼گĿףʱó
ڴƺگսУگ˶αװˣ̽Ϣ̽ɱگ˻һףҲֻԱ֮֮ѡ
ϵگѵһ죬쵽ɽ۵ϣһһ塱ǰ
ӣҲ
ٰͷϵͷȡ£ķŵСȻͿСȫ£ûκ˸С
½鶼׼϶ưոݡⳡսԶûʱ򣡡
ݵнӹף˹Ĵϣ˵ʱĿӹԶɽһŴսľǹְվһ
սʿֶΣҲƾ衣
ڣԶǵʱ
ӷģһжѾԸȥ
һɫ
ڵֱκȥ£³ﶼԥȥ
š
ֻһЦ΢΢ף㲻ٶԡ
ޣˣ
ֺͽ˹ޣֻʹλ˹̵ĵһν֡
ڲǵڶΣ
֪ԼѾȫλ˹ذϵע⡣հ͵ĳ־õ֤
ڴޣڣԶɹģ
ٴɽңңɽ۴䣬纽Ӱ
ޣǶڸ溲ּ˵ҲǼѲĴڣ
ϵս˵˹Ӧگ޷¡
Ƕ˵ûи޷˹Ҳһ¡ڶʮ뿪ԭϮµıһжǴ޵Ļ
Ҳֻежѡ
ϣԶԶĿꡣ͸޷ﲻͬ޵ҰҪö࣬ҪҲԶԶǸ޷ܸġ
ûֹ޽ΪƵĸ֮
ԣɣյֹ֮أޣ
ԣĿɽµǵӰƵĹâ
ͬʱɽ¿ƺƣ޴Ⱥ֮УÿһƳ紵һ̵Ĵһҵһƽ
ɽϣƬƬͬܲһԵʬɽŹ䣬һĻ˶е𺳡
һ̣ʮǰδеĸܵɽʮƾʵ
ڴ˵ȴͬ
޸ܵ˿һԵս
ս
ɽǵӰɫ
ûһˣֳַʽս³ƾʦȴˡ
˹޵ǹ
һԺս
ս


578 սһĽ
ھ׼
ɽϣܰʯŻ˹صȫǱɽʱհͽҲȫΪۼ֪սʿܲݰ׷׵£´˾
һȣ
ͻȻعס˻ء
ɾˡɱȥҲûκεˡ֮ǰǲǴͻõһǹ𣿡
˼
һͻȻ·˴޵˼
ǹҲòˡǳɣ
޵
һΣصҲûзԡȻΪԤսЩԽ޴ˣλǴࡣ
ԼõЩı飬Ūġ
޵ķʱδغʣڣȴȫʵģֻǣֶԵЩ̶ѡ
û׼У
оâһܿ˾
գ̳
ֻŵʱ䣬˳ӿһֻȫװ˹ããĴб۶˹ﲻֻͬÿ˱϶һֻ˶ǹ
ЩǹϺõľɣÿһŶ߳ϳ˰ߡĻɫƤı˹ݣ
ֻд̾ԭɳĮ֮صͻʲŻʹֹ
Ȼͻڽұ췽ԶԶȲϴƣһֱڽƿѷ״̬𹭾ߵ죬ͻʷԶʤơ
ͻʵĹߵԶԶȲϴƵĳҲȫûּڳ֮⣬ȴӵ޿ָӵ
ұȳõǣߵҪ̫ˡ
׼
һ߿֨֨Уһǹ˼㣬ܼ֣һȫ׼ɽķ
ţ

һľ죬ļ֧ǧܼ꣬ݶХлصգлһ֮ԶԶɽսȥ

ͻȻһĲҽһگսʿոճûзӦ˲䱻һһʺ룬ǣࡣ
گսʿֻü͹˵ϣصĵ˵ϣԼѪ֮Сһźһ
ݣ
һ֧֮󣬳ǧ˸ǵأܼ꣬͵ȥ
گˣ˹ˡˡصⲨֱӽ˽ȥΧɽ壬گơ˹ĵطֱγһش
ֵңдΧڵȫǴĶ

һĲҽ쳹ɽ£گˡ˹ˣˣ˲䵹ⲨͻҼ֮С
Ϯ
Сģ

ּķǴƣǶ漺ӪʱлھеսʿסˡƵİ϶սʿ⣬ΪʲôҲܹĶ
⵽ô£
һʿ͵ڵϣĿ
ͻ˵ǹǼ
Сģ
ܣ
ɽϣܵ˹ǹĹеİ϶սʿ׷ܡĹҲ׷ͣ
£˹ڸʲôǷ𣿡
ôԼˣ
ģЩӣ

ɽϰʯŵսʿ׷׵Լ˵ļ£УһگĽ۾ˡι԰ʯŵսʿΪ˹˹ɽսʿҲһˡ
ֹ󲿷Ķگˡң˹˴ǰףܱ߶ǿģƵİ϶׶Ȳϣ˵گˡ
˹˵ͺ٣ټϰףʾ͸ˡ
£Ҵȥ˹˽棡
ҪȻҴȥӪЩֵҲԣ

һȺگĽɽ˵Ľʿޱȡ
ˣ
޷˻ӣɫӲޱȣ
ʯ䵽ֵزɲɱҪˡ˹˵ѵķʽַֻʽ˷١ĻʯſҪȫûˣ

һȺ佫ͣһˡ
˵ûڣȷʵõİ취ˣ
һĮͻȻӺ洫
ڽһӳĬô˵ҲͰˣǾǴ󽫾Ҳô˵˵ˡ

޷ȷʵǸܺõĺߣ
һ࣬޿ܿƽϢگڽ΢΢һЦܿ˵ͷ
޷ȻҰĲȴһҰļҵ۹⣬ܹһۿʵʡܶණͲø˵̫ࡣΪһߣѣ޷ȷʵǳĺʡ
׼һ£̽ѾˣĿʼսˣ
˵ţתͷһԵĻء
ʲƲƣȲƱΪҪһĳһԴΪءȻɽս쳣ңǶڴ޺ͻ˵һлԶδʼ
һлֻǰϷѡ
˵仰޺ܿתȥҲתͬʱԶԶɽϴһ
Ԥ䣡
͵תÿһȵļǵض¡ֻһΣܼļ겢Ǵ˹شзģǴɽ۵İ϶﷢ġ

ĲҽУ󲨵ɽŵλá
̧ͷһɽǵݵӰһ˿ɫǺܿȻһЦ˻ʧ˴С
ϲɱ˹6780ˣ
ϲɱگ49861ˣ

ɽͶˣһԺкХ£ϯϯɽҵǻ¶һ˿Цݡ
һսܹɱһնɱ˽˹ޣگİʯŸ롣൱һֵİʯʿûܳ嵽ɽֻʧֹ


579 ս޵ķ
ӣʤˣ
ɽϣʣµļӴܣɾ鼤ϲԽɲһСսڸձ֮ɽҰȫʬ壬ѻĳɽɺϸꪼܼ֡
һʯŵս岼ˣʬ
ЩпĳȴǴƵʤѱ־
ʮ϶սʿʮһлƾսʿɽûвս
ȥ7࣬ӽ8սɽϣڶƽԭϣ϶޴鷳ɱƾսİʯŽϣٶˣڰ϶˵ֱǲʤ
ⳡսУƵʧȻһ
ھ֮ϲпս˵ǲģ
ɽϣһȺҲĿĿҲ𾴣ǳݡȻֻʮ꣬Ҳǳݣ˵Уֻǰǰδеĸߴΰͬһصɽһ㡣
ϽлսϣмɽԴϣ˽佾֣꣬
ˣлӵĹĿãһУȫ͢ټӣ

ٱ죬һǰһɽϣϴλͳ˧־ⷬʶתͷɽ岻Զ飬ɽͰһĴ
Ȼɽͷܶսʿڶ࣬廹һ۱˸ϺͰϴ󶼻ͨıӰ
һһңңԣԼ
Ȼǵı飬Ҳʼû￴һۣȴܸоõ˵ĿʼڹעԼ
ס
Զ׿ߴɽ°صıӰӹһů
ǺٱԼģԸҲ˵ֻԼĻҲûһ˿һ˼ȴ֪Ը׵ԸʵѾǺܴˡ
ʣҲԼϵŵ㡣
Ƕ̶̵ļ仰о˸֧֣
ӣ쿴ʲô
ͻȻһӶߴĳ˼ŤͷûпҾһ¡¡ǳǧһźһ
ɽӸԶԶȥֻĴУ۷æµʲô
گˣ
Ժһͷ˹ؾ·;ңԶ˹ԷΪҪ۷򣬾ֻگˡ
ˣʲô
ɽϣ޼ͺҲʱɽµķĿɻΪԶϱڸǣԾɽҲĲС
ĬԶźĵطԺ˲Ϣӹͷ
ǹ
ͻȻ֮䣬Զһŵİľͷһ뵽ʲô
ʲô
Ļɫ΢䡣еǲʨӳù𣿵ǹеߴأͼ䲻㣬ԺܶŶǾ͵ȡģһξˡ
ΧʲôߴĹеʲôɹȡĵľгĹе
޹Ȼ
ȴûôԻֻ΢һ˼⣬ʲôģ黯װһļɽϲõЩǽõģ黯
ÿһ¸ߴĸǽʵСģ鹹ɵġ
Ȼõļûô߼еҲòôӺ͸߼ǺʣѾ˼һ顣
ǿĲط£ͨóڳǳطء֪֪ˣս޺ʨӳǵʱѾԤϵһ㣬ŻЩ̻еж֮˵װ
ʣԤȫıϡЩǽѾһӴĳǳأʨӳй֮޲
ʨӳҲûôߣҲûôͦΣ˹ǺҲһܵôƺ
ȻǸа
аָӵͨǽİ϶ɡϧԼ
ȥȫ׼
һԥ
ǣ
һصɽ۲ͣĴȥ
ޣǿ˭ɣѣôƵҵĳǽ󡣡

ղ֪ʲôʱӿƣţ϶ɽ档ɽ¥һɲǵĴƾž
ĴһźͺԽĴ̶һϢС
ȻսѾһ䣬εѾ֮ĽռֱϢ
¡
֪˶ãƺһɲǣֺ֮ͣУâһһž޴ĻͬĽһεӶĵ֮ȻٺķХ֮УСѸٵڵɽͷ

ɽ󾪺˶ͻȻıʾסˡ


580 սʳͣ
ȻûеһأԶԶģ䣬һһ޴ĻӶϵĴĺȻ籼׳һڵɽͷ
ʱһ̷·Żһ޴ĻУͬţ㻺ɽ
һĸԼʮǵľ޴岼н֯һƬҵĻ𺣣еƶȾһ⡣
Ϯ
ܣ

һĽɽеսʿһĻˣеľн죬ͷĿ󵽾еĸ߼佫Сʮһ飬һʲ鳤˶žԵ侲
пܷ飬ͨɽһѸٵĴȻû˻Ԥϵگ˹صĹַʽпܵĹǹ깥ϸĲá
˾͵ضܣ
עأ

һʮ㣬ӴӶ˷ϵɽͱ𡣺¡¡һɲǼеĴսʿȫӦ
ԷΪλеĴսʿȫӿɽһ¶¾޴ĸǽɽ屾бƵģ黯ǽһͻ塣
ʱ˿̣еĸǽ¶һܡ
¡
һ޴Ļصײɽϣ̳𣬻ܣĳʮɸߣɽͶһоҵĲ
оһ˶׷ױɫ
һǻֳʲôսʿ¶˲仯Ϊɻҡûκ侳սʿԵֵסһ
߽׶ξ¶ֵ
ɽϣ޼һɰ϶ĽҲǷ׷ױɫ˹˵ֹѾԶּĽ춼вˡ
Щ޴Ļÿһ鶼ǧأôߵĵط֪
Ȼһлֻһʼ
䣡䣡䣡
ʱһ̷·ͻȻ޴飬ͣĴ¡һž޴һɸߵĸǽϡӲޱȵĸǽһ˲һ޴İݡ
̺ľ޴ҵǽҡڣ·ʱᱻһ
Щ򡭡̫ˣ
ǽһȺƵľɫ԰˲١
˵ĸоЩ޴ĻƺʱҷЩǽں󷽵ҳ촷ۡ
ӣСģ
ɽͻȻһž޴Ļλȥһ͵һƺԥĽ˳ȥ
¡
Ժ֮ɵĵطĻƬ˷ըԭվ֮һž޴ĿӶðỤ̃һƬڡ
ʳͣ
һȦǿҵ壬бըĻƬ赲档ѸٵĽջأ˳ȥŵĽڵģȻȼյĿӶɫһƬء
ʳǼ֮أʳ֧еĲļ䣬ֶӦûֻСģĴڣûȫ
Ǵʳֶ֧Ҳࡣ
˹صشԭмʹʳָ֧һֶǾӦó˹ؾеġǰֻ˵һ⣺
˹غʹʳѾ
߻ԶԴﵽ˹غگ˵ĵزǺʣʳ֧Ȼڱ˹һЩ֧Ԯ
ʳҰĿ±ĻҪ磡
ǸӶ˲Ϣͷ
ʳͻʵںܾ֮ǰļ֮УͰĵ۹˫赸֥ͷⳣ巢ͻ֮ǰʳ֧ûжڵ۹½չ¶ʲôҰġ
ʳֶҲӦǺܾ֮Żֵսʡ
ڣȻѾ˱仯
ֻֿܣһֿܣΪҵĳ֣ʹóֲϵʷı仯һֿܾ˹غʹʳ֧֮ǵܵĽӴ͹ϣЩʳǺܾ֮ǰ֧Ԯ˹صġ
ֻͨͰ϶ûʸ˹óֹǵĶֱڶƽԭȫûˡ˹ӵл͵ܴһֱͲ֪
д˷
ϵսԼĽѾʷ˾޴ı仯٣û˵ʲô֮սôʱ䣬Ҳû˵Ͱ϶սҪ˹ضùе
ʲôһǺʵģʳ֧֧Ԯ˹ءڴƣʳ֧ǲ⡣
䣡
˹غگĴ󷽣һ̨̨Ȼϼ𣬽Ӷľ޴򲻶ϵĴӴ׳֮ɽϡ
Щ򲻶ϵɽϱը׷ɣɽѸٵӡȼգɽڶ̶ʱѸٻΪһƬ𺣡
ɽеЩʬ塢ƥ׷ڻȼ
֮ɽףúԶ˹غɺگоһˡ
Ѿȫѹסˣ
گĴУһ佫׷Цɫࡣ֮ǰǳսѹ˴
ȻμսǰʯźͶ٣ǣǴݺ߹룬ʯگľ֮һǶӽʣĲ˵ѹͿ֪
ЩȻҲǵô۷ôʯ
ܣȼɽͣگ佫һܡ
Ȼ˹ŪģƻЩеҲǴ޺˹ص˼޻ṩ˸Ľͼֽ
漰ʵʵĲЩ򣬰е졭˹˸ԭְũǾġ
ûگϣ޺ųưϵǿ̣³ųƾֵĴڣҲһɸΪ֮
ҪɽϽЩ˹ģگˣǲΪûжӰ졣
ȱ̫ˣЩ򻹽ֻѹסǣҪ˵ʤڻΪʱ磡
޷￴ɽͷͻȻڵüͷġ
ȻԶ죬ȼյɽͬһ㣬е˶ѹסˡҰʲôˣǸ޷ȴԶԶ̸ɡ
еĻҪԶԸ
޷а
ĶԶ˶ö࣬ǰɽȻըһƬ𺣣ʱʱһҽϸ˼Щ򹥻ʵԶеҪϡٵöࡣ
ʵʵɱǵ͵Ĳ˼飡
ܼĻУ˹غگķѴһٶ̨սУôһֱ˼顣
޷ĿɽѲһܣܿ岼һ㣬һƬһƬɽһ¸ǽ
Щǽÿһ鶼ߴɣشǧ
ǧĸǽϵ£ɽ壬ΪЩ϶һʵͱݣŻʮԿʮ򣬶ٴʮʯսʿɽȴ򲻵Լ˵֡
һ豩ʱʵǹͺͺһƬֻһĵ飬ֻһϦ֮䣬񼣰ľͳЩ׳۵ĸǽ
һмֱ˼飡


581 սɣ
ʨӳǣıЩɽϵĸ֮ǡ޷ﲻ֪ϵ׻жܣŶδ֪Ķ
˵ǴƵ֧䲻ƲǰҪţڿҪԸƣͱҪȸһ壡
޷΢΢˱۾ӿֳƵɱ
ľŹϾʱҲйһ֮ԵǸʱҲֻǷܾƽƽҲˡΪҲ̫Ĵȣ·ȫͬ
֮Ҳû̫ȥˣ
ֻǣ޷Ҳûϵ֮ܶĶӡӾȻȫԼͳһϣսƵİʯңȫ޷ӣǿ֣
ףҴȥǶԸ˵ʱ
һӶߴ޷˼˻
٤һƥ񿥰ϣɽޱȳ޵Ĺâ
Ϊگ̫ӣ٤һĿԶУֻлء³溲֥ثֵ۹󽫼Ĵڡ
٤ûԼȻһʮ꣬ͱԼҪСοһﻹǽ
ɹһС
ҪΪ˹ޱ𣿡
޷Ƥһ£Ȼûκεıлһ˿ŨŨĲá˹˹ˣܷ٤ô׽һ㶼ı䲻ˡ
˵Ҫ˵˹ޱôҲӦ˹ˣֲһگ۹Ļ̫ӡ
ֱǱĩã
٤ܹΪһͽԸگȥյأҪúÿǿگ۹δļ̳ѡˣ
ʣǣҲȫǣ
٤һɫ
Ŷ
޸üͷ˶ɫ滺ࡣ
ʣҺͽ˹޵Ľ˽˽һǷֵġ˹طģΪԭģӾæҲֻԼһˡ
һگʹƵս˹ҲڰǽƵʱɽϵġΪ˽Ϊ
˹޼Ϊҷ٤ΪǾ;Դ
٤һϯһ䣬Ǹ޷Ǻ󷽵ĶθȫʱԷ٤Ŀ൱
뵽һ㣬ҲΪءһػֲǡ֮ǰĽӴѾ̽ˣҲȥʯšڣֵغǵ˹شˣ
ҲΪ˹ޱ𣬵ڣǸʱԺǺ˹ػиĺҪѧλ߸Զ߲ε۹⡣
޷
̫ӵ£ʱ֣ҲֻŪɳ׾˹ΪСǡֻԺĺ
θȫҲں󷽿ڵ
һڵһԶվڸ޷ıӰ
㿴˹ǱҲˡ
٤Ťͷֻϯϯصߣһϵб泤˹غһȥ
ȻİС˵ˣگ˵߶Ȳϡ˹غϵ¶Ϣɽ纣СγԱȡ

٤һԺлһͷ
һսڣµ佫˵ˡ廢Ҳֻʣһǿհ͡˵¾ûпɹǴ֮ˡ
˹ָԭϵگԼȻͬǵĵ۹ֳĴϵĴѾֵ֣ĻǵĻ͵ײ㡣
ڷս״̬˹ʵǷֳһ䣬ÿ䶼£иԵ졣ƽʱǲܹϽġ
ֻڷģս漰˹ص۹ĵ۹ܵٵʱǲŻ˷ۼһֻӴľӡ
£ַʽǴƣگַʽôɢͱʲôս
˹زͬı뺷ԺսսΪ٣֮ͻһй֮޲
ͻͣ˹ǳ͡սȫͬġ
սȴͬĽܳ
ʹַʽ˹˵սȴûܵ˿Ӱ죬ǵսȫǾӼġ
ңȻ˹ص۹伴ƽʱɢӸķʽȴ;û̫ÿ˴ӳʼͿʼӻѵѩɽľʽѧ
ԾֵĲƶȣ˹˵սһ㶼
ֻΪƶȵΨһ⣬ΪϵĴ󽫾Ȼܿϵн졣ܾǴģҲֻµ廢ѡ
˹صĺʵǺܶġ
ǸСɣĺ֮һ


582 ս֮
ʵɣȻȲհּ𣬵ǾԲڽ˹֮£׺̶ȸй֮޲ãҲһԱ˹صĺ
٤֮ǰҲźӴ˸˵ܲô򽻵
˹֮ǰ˵Ȼ¿Ƶֲ࣬ΪϵĴ󽫾ӵѡµȨ廢ôѡģֻֻҪ廢ڣؾȨѡ񡣡
廢Ĳ࣬ɣһԱ
٤찵
ϣ
٤߻ܲɣʵһ࣬ɣϣһϣһһȦ޴ĺɫ⻷׹֮չȫ
Ȼ˹һóݹ⻷һ⡢ǿĽ⻷
ɣ˫ַһ̽ĳȾ䵶

¡¡ս¡¡ɣһȣû˿ԥ˲ݺ󣬳ǧ˹໴Уһɫĸ޴İ£֮Ѹɽϳȥ
ɱ
󣬳ǧ˹شѸٵչΣһݶӣݶӣݶӡ԰ټƵݶ׼˸ǽǽ֮ķ϶ɽķɱȥ
һΣɽûگˣҲû˵Ķܱӣûʲôܹ赲˹˵㡣
ʤܿܣ
ɣɱ죬ǧɽϳȥ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ

ܼľ޴£ɽ嶼ڻ֮У϶ѹ̧ͷɣĴʱͬһѼ⵶ݺݵˡ
Ȼɽϲ˽ʮڵĴʱ˿̣Ӳ
ھͿôӦˣ
ޡθȫ٤졢أհͣдеڽ˵Ŀⶼеɽϡһ̽ѾڲĽ
Ȼ϶еͳ˧Ϻͨڣ˶֪ܹвģֻǸɽѡ
׼ɽǰָɲ
ɱ˰ɽµˣٶԸɽĴ
ҵҪô

ĺ󷽣һ޴󹥳еͦθʵĵطվĿȴԶɽңңеĽƻҹͻضѾȫ̼ƻ
һĽ糱ˮһ㣬һֱû˵ľӣݻϵΪֹ
׼ƻ̸ģҲ̸ǻصģǻ۵ĽᾧصıԼıѾ˺ܾγɵĬ
ںܾǰƾ׷ʽЪסˡ׳־³ʮ϶³Ѿ뾩ǣ򻻳˶Ǹʮ꣬δꡣ
ʮɣʮɡԽԽɽȴʼûж
ֻʣ¶ʮɵʱ򡪡
¡
ͻȻ֮䣬һɽϴ˹صҪɽʱ򣬾һ¶µĸǽ϶һ϶ͻȻ֡
ڳֵͬʱһ޴ĸͬʱ˳

ͻȻƳĸһȺ˹ƤЩͻȻƳĶһ޴ĸ̨̨бһݰзĳݣһȫ׼ɽµķ
Χɽ壬һȦһȦǧƵ͸ڵҰС
ⲻܣ
Ѿ嵽ɽ£ЩͻȻֵ͸ܾ׺ɣҲɫ֮ǰսɽ¿ٴôʯŵսʿн˹޴һ
ôɽûпʲô
Щģ
ɣƤѡ
˵ͳȺصĻҲ۽΢̧ͷɽ
׼
֮ǰĸǽһϦ֮ģڵ˵棬˵Ƥ£ָЩ;غٻΪʲô׶ݣܹ˵Ƥô̵ʱڱЩ;ǻĴҲΪ֮ݡ
ʣ׼
һսôãʲôĶֶȴǵһѶԸĶ֡
ϧɣ
оâһܿͻָͬһʱ䣬ƺӦŻأɣı쳹ա
ߣΪɣҿ
˵ٶھǰʱֻɣһ±һɰƣٶȲӱ¡𶯣һȦȦεĲɣΪģѸٵ˷𵴿
Щɫһ㣬͸գסһǽо
飬
ɣȻһһҡ¡ɽ嶼·һ˵ĿУģһ¶ǧأӽ˸ߵľ޴ĸǽȻ֮ݡŤ仯
𣡡
ڵ˫˵ĿУɣΧڣĶ¾޴ĸǽͻȻεضȻ֮仯Ϊͷߵĸվ
ִĸ첲޴ͷ­пֲһɹɷ籩ӴϢͷ˵ɢ

һ˲䣬ˣɽսս嶼΢΢ɫ
𾪵Īگ̫ӷ٤ˡ
һĺ⻷ΪȻﵽֵز
٤һֱ֪ɣľȻǺԼһĺ⻷µǣɣĺ⻷ȻԼҪߣ
٣٤ͻﲻ˵ĸǽתĵز
ӣô죿
ͬһʱ䣬ɽϵĳתͷ塣
ɽķ岼µЩģ黯ǽûЩǽگ˹صܴɽһ·ɱɽ
أ
ûЩǽ϶ٴҲӲ
ɣĴڣڳΪıҲв


583 սв
õģ
ɽϣӸ£ɣķԶԶȥֻɣƾˣĺ󾣼ִ֮أѹ֮мӵ¸Ѹٵ۳һʿ
ɣĺ󾣼֮ȷ٤ǿٻ֮٤ҲҪôֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ɣΧѾ˽ٵˡ
ֹˣһ˲ɷ״ɣȥ㻹ûпϵŤΣһˡ
ϵ֫仯һ߳ìѸٵЩ϶սʿսһ
û壬ʤڱĪ⣬ʽʤȫҪô
ֻǶ̶ʱڣɣûг֣ٻġ˴ѾսһƬҡ
µɣĺ⻷Ըǽƻ
һ¶ԭĸǽɣĹ⻷£ŤΣһͷͷӴĸˣɽϳȥ
䣡
һֻֻȭ䣬ÿһȭǧֱ֮ҵɽϳ̹ضɽҡ֮սʨӳ֮սƾŲס˵һ
Щֻһһҡһ˦һײеǰİ϶սʿһ㣬ҽţ׷׸߸ߵĵɳȥ
ɽ弸һ֮С
ɣٻָˣϲ£ѹ˵ľ޴򣬿಼þҪһ
Ȼˣ廹ǺЦһƽ
Ȼ֪˹ص佫ʲôҲ֪޳ǿĺ⻷ΪͿԻٵҴӾʦصΪⳡս׼ĸǽǾ̫ˡ

סˣһãȻ
Ȼĳ̶ֳϣų󡱵ġһ̣Цһһݴ꣬ȴҲֿ͸ĸо
ȻԶԶ塣
Щģ渽Ӽģÿ¸ǽ渽ӵļĴССٴﵽǧ֮ǸתĶ¸ǽУеĸǽȫŤˣǾȫһԸ̫ˣ
忴ɽ£޶Ե
ȻͲ󣬵ľ顢۽硢ʶǳϽĪ֪ڣһʷΪǿġʥ꣬¾ĻҪ˵
֮սǵ۹ĵһսҲҪս
ŵơµĵһƾһսϵƺδ·ȫԸ
һսȻҲϲз٤ɣϵ⻷ǿߣرɣ⻷ȷ٤߳˲ֹһΪսγ˾޴вЩģ黯ĸǽϵʮ϶ϽյİΣ
ԵЩģ黯ǽʱ弸㾡ҲƣӺͿʯԼȸֽõ汻ȫͶ˽ȥ
ֹˣΪ˻㹻ĽǮɽʹʦҡšȨǻӵܶΪ֮
Щ۵ӴƸʹΪ۹м֮һʨӳĳǳ㽨켸´ˡ
ȴȫͶ뵽Щģ黯ǽ档
ÿһ鿴ͨͨĸǽ棬ÿһխСĸ棬ʱ򶼸˴ССġʦʦټ˹뵽ⳡʷǰĺƴж֮С
жǰھʦδֹҲûôɹ
˵Щģ黯ļ۸ԶԶ˳˵һƸжûǿԸıһսֻǴӲƸ֡
ɣҪԸ壬Ҫɽģ黯ǽΪҽŪҪĸҪľЩ渽ӵĴССƵļġ
Ȼɣʲô⣬Ҫκδ۾Ҫһ㣬ǾԲܵģ
ˣ
ģŤɣĹ⻷֮һɽµĸǽ㣬׷ŤһΣɣĺ֮ʮ֮ĸǽ
ɽϲʮͷԶĸˣң϶ɽϵķҲ᳹׵˺һ޴Ŀӡ
һ̣ɣɫһףͺܵʲôشһͷ϶ĺ顣ԣЩɣĹ⻷֣ҪŤεĸǽҲһ˲ָ֮ͺж˺ɣ֮ϵһ
Ǿ˻ĸҲʹжϣ
ȻԶԶľ룬о޴Ļ򲻶ϵ׹䣬ǵɣɫ԰ףһ㣬͵̧ͷɽķʱﻹǺ֪ܿ˵ˡ
ûת
һͻȻ֮׹
ҪҴЩǽȫתɽϵˣּĴ󽫶һܹοĸ˲ļˡÿٻһˣҪĺּǿߣԸôɣҵҲ˫ֻӭ
Ц
ñʥǰûһ˿ôݡɣ޶飬οЩսҪһ˹غگϣַʽսʤԼǾƲܵġ
һ࣬ɣȻҲѸٵĸı˲ԡ
𣡡
һŭɣһڵĹ⻷͵һը˷һͷͷǰ߼սͻȻܵһһͷͷڿնɣȥ
ﬣݶĽУͬƮм׷׷ɣϡЩˡмѸٵڻ仯һ׽ɣذ
ͿɣӰϵߣ̶ֻʱڣɣʧˣȡ֮һͷʮɸߣߴ࣬ħĸˡ
Χֱ̹һӴƴͷ˵ϱ
⣬⣬һʲô·Ҳ̫ǿ˰ɣ
½˹޶ûôɣ
˹ؾȻǿĸ֣

ʱ˿̣𾪵Īگ۹ˡ˹زս£ϤĪڻµ廢ˡ
ǰˡȻƽҲżΡǳʱ򣬻廢ڴ죬ǰûӡ
й⻷֮Уϵ츳٣ҲѵġɹԶϵ˹֮ܽôﵽֵزӦǴﵽѾӽһ׵֮ͭĵزˡ֮һģַ۷ʵѾ˹ˡ
̫ӵ£ĺ֮һġ˵ľٶҪرע⣬ѧϰ˵ܶа
һͻȻӺ洫ȴگĴ󽫶θȫʱͻȻˡ
٤ףл󽫾ָ㡣
٤
λһֱĻ󣬲ڸӰеĴ󽫾У٤Ϊء
Χָܿ˼ž
گ˹أ˵עеɣϡòϣλеʿչֳĿֲʵԶԶ˶Ԥ


584 սսԵĶԾ
䣡
ʮɸߵĸһȭ£һɸߵĸǽ˲ɳʮ϶սʿ˳ײɣʮ⣬ǽ׹ڵϣһƬƬ̳
˹ޣûõĶɱЩˣʲôǸԭǿߣյӥ
ɣ˹쳹գĽŲһ磬ֱӿɰ˵ľɽȥ䣬һȭҳ̳һصĸǽײɳȥ
һĻɽҲ̲סƤ
ϵ⻷ųϵеǿɣֳսѾƱ̬ˡȻʹֻǼ򵥵ǡǡַʽ֮ǰ鷳ҲԶԸ

ɽ£ؿȻͦɽΰ˸һɽʹ󺣰ޱߣԺĸоɣı֣ҲֻǺġ
˹޺ɣЩԭͽìܵģ˹еѡηʽĽ廢֮˴ˡĶǡֻǿ߲ܴ廢λá
հͣǽ˹ޣֻЩ죬ȫѡγġԶڽ˹޵ʵǺ⡣
Ϳôˣ
ɽķ򣬻͸һ˿Цݡľ޴򣬼ɣֺ³ҲҪ޲ߡ
ɽǸԼ²꣬ȴһ˿ڴ
Ǵ˲ŻῼǵĶΪ佫ˣֻԳǿĶ֣Լֳ׵ĻȤ
ӥˡӦò˰ɣ
ͻȻڵ
ǣӣ
һϤһϤӰ˳ǸõӥӺ˳һʱ䲻ӥ˵ľһǰȫͬն
ѾȫͻƵ侳ˣﵽ侳صľ磬Ҳ۵زؽյ÷ڣӦԺ侳صĸһϸ֣
ӥڣһš
ΪʦһǿߣĻУֻӥ侳ͣʱΪ츳⣬ٳٶ粻
ҲΪˣĻҲѾﵽͨĵزӥٺ񣬲ܿ侳żһöûС
۵زؽΪṩһͻƵĻᡣ
ӥŻһͻƣˮйأһйǧûоһءصḶֱ́Ӿͱǵ侳ض࣬ӽصľ硣
ڵӥѾӵ˾أɿõ
Ҳ֮ǰһֱûеԭ
Ǹ˵ʵǿҪ书ֻǵȸֽƾ㻹ǲ޼Ҳȥɣ
ɨһ࣬ɵ
ǣĩ
޼
ڰ϶Ѿû˸Ҳ˶嵱ɰ϶Ĵˣû϶ȫûοлӵ³
Ҳһȥɣ
޼
ǣ
ٺԥ
ڵѾǹϵϴõģҲʵָӣڶֽеȨ˵ˡ
ƾ㻹ǲ⡣
ڣ
ϵȸֽɣ
ǣ

ϴֻĲ²װȸҲֻȸֽܶԸɣֽϵ⻷ǿߡ
ͨĵɣǰ׾ܱŤΣǿȥˣȫûа취ʹã
գ
սգӥ޼װȸֽԼӺϰµġսףѸٵɽ³ȥ
䣡
һſž޴Ļ䣬ɽһƬƬĻ𺣣ӥ޼ȴػأж磬ȥ硣
˵ļֻ򹥻ǣ˵вˡ
˵ٶȺ֮죬ֻƬ̵ʱѾݵɽ¡
У
һ춯ŭӥҡһΣ˲ʧȡ֮һͷ۵زؽգֱ֮УȻץȽϣһ۵زؽϣĲ˼飬ȸֽһն䣬ѵľɣĸ˵ȥ
زؽգ˰³Ķ
һ쳹սɣ˫ŭʷǰһ͵һȭӥ˹ȥ
ѩɽĶãһ
Сģ
ֻнӴܸоɣ˵ǿֱ޷ĵֵĸҲκεıвеɣ
飬һϺȣ޼ٻȸĴ侳ǿսϼҵĽսһ
һ࣬˹Ҳɽϵİ϶սһ
׼һ£
ĿֻɣԼӥ޼ԼͣƬ̱˻Ϊһͳ˧ҪעԶһ佫֮սݹȫ֣һսʤܡ
ȡʤıϵ飬һͳ˧¡
ɣǱ߻ɲҪ̫ãӦþͻɳٽȥʱ׼Ԯ˹˼ս
ǹӣڵǲϵʹû򹥻Ǹûа취ӽ
ﵣǵ
ߣİɡЩ׼סƽԭش޺Ūʯ򡣶ңҲ֪ǴʳĻ˹˾ԲࡣЩҪ˶þͻĿաصĿĴһʼǻٵҲµЩ׼һ£Ͻ˳ʱѸٰЩ𻵵ĸǽ޲һ¡
еġȻǹ֮ˡģĸǽĺôڲжƶԼ޲
غʹҪֹͻٵЩߣǾƲܵġ
ǣȥš
˵Ѹȥ


585 ս
صĽԶеĻҪöࡣ
ۣҲɣ
ؿɽͻȻڵ
ǣ
һוּУһϢǳ͵˹佫ѸٵԾȥ
ɣ
һ£ǿ׳Ϊ۵˹غԾرڣǧ˹档
ӣ˹˳ˡ
ŤͷһԵ塣
һΣӿһ˵һжԤϵһģһ
ȥ𣿡
崣ɽƽ
ȥˡ
ôʼɡ
嵭
¡
ɽϣɱ죬ǧ˹ɽϷӿȥĳɽϵľǽа϶ͬʱ޴ĻһɽϣŰ϶ǰи
ײЩװ׿
һƿ
ɣȥӺ湥ǣ

սգе˹ͷĿ춼ڷкţϣɽϰ϶ķ׵˺ͬɽµİ϶Ҳ
ͦסͦס˭ˣ
ܱܱ
סҪߣ
ײ˷ߣ˶

ձ˼㡣һҪɽ׵ɨϵϰһƴػ˫˭Ҳû·
ὫҲȥ
ؿɽϼҵսͻȻһüͷ
ǣ
һ˹ظԭϵĲ亷ܿӦȥ

һ£ɳһ֧˵˹׵糸ƺƵֱɽϳȥˣɵɽϳıѾﵽˣѾ൱ɹˡ
սԶ˵ﲿƽԭشԶԸʮ˵Ĳ䡣Ǵʱ˿̣ǵĶֻֽɽϵһల϶ѡ
䣡
սײߴԼڶһܷӴľ죬סƵڶһ϶Ķƣӵж֧ţһȴﵽˡ
˼һƾȫֵ˹ĳײ
ȥ
üٴɽ͵ͬʱ˵棬ǹɽѾ״̬ˡ
ٶˣҲûа취ٲͽȥˡ
ڴ򿪰϶ĵһ֮ǰ
ɱ
ҵĺɱУ˹˵ĵ֧ڵִսոȥɽããһƬȫ˹صսʿ
ɵǣ
Ƶ˹쳹ս˹һκһĹǰߵİ϶ÿһѹ
ķʱܱ
ҪģɣһͨԴԴϵ˹˳򿪵ȱڣɽϳ˹һ룬룬롭ʱһ̷·ޱȵ
ƵķҡҡλΣʱܱ
Ӵ󹥻ǿֲסˣ
һ˹㲻ͣĹ߽ⰲ϶һطߵȴһ˭Ҳ벻ˡ
¡
֪ʲôʱɣ͵˦޼ӥˣ˵İΧȭг˳͵һȭײһصĸǽ
ˣĳźһ˷еľܣ˭Ҳûʶ£϶ĵһһȫˡ
ɱ
ڶݵļž֮ͻȻ֮ʶʲôе˹һ񣬾ɽ¹սҲһܣѡ
̫ˣɱǣ
˱жŵʤϣҵ˴˵İ취һ̣ûȵ˹ɱȥҲûе˷ܺϲóãı仯֮٣
𣬶Ʊ٣ѣеİ϶սʿڵһʱĸǽ
ݣ
ݶУһִͻȻգɽŴһԾ˹һݴϣս˻£ͷǿ˹ûܶмصĵȥ
Ǹֳ䴩֮һ˵ڶ˹ǵ
˹˷ʱɽ»˴˹ССķΧڲ֪жˡʱ˹˵սȴĴ
飡
һݴʮ˹һֱѪЪӿе
˳󣡡
һ̵һսһɲǣ˾ۼɽµ˹˼ѪҺˡ
˹Ժصİ׳£ְȴһĿǣǾǴƵĳ
Щľ޴׵䴩һֱϵ˹ˡ
ոսĺȻ죬˾ǴǴƳ
ݣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬˿ʼʶһʱͬһʱ䣬µķҲ˳ȥɽϣܼƿڶ
һɲǲ֪ٳɽϣ˹
ܵĴĻ򣬿赲ɽϵİ϶սʿȴ赲һ߾ߴµĳ飬ֻһܵǧХ£һ·ϲ֪䴩˶˹ص۹
˹Զûһ񱻴һǰ󣬷׷ľ׮㵹¡ܼﵹп˶з
û⣬ƬƬڸǽǰ˹˷׷׵¡
ո
һո
̶һ˲֮µ˹˱֮ǰƷߵҪöࡣ
һһ
ܵĻ𺣣һϣ˹Ҳ˻𺣺ĳУ


586 ս޷ɱ
쵰С̫թˣ
گУ٤ݺݵסȭͷԿ϶ɣǶʱЩ󳵰źõġ
Ϊ֮ǰսЩ󳵸
گ˵Ļ𺣶ˡһǿ¡ҺųƽңֵҲ̫ˡ
һگ佫ҲľѣһŨŨļɵ
ʲôˣ
ʲôˣ
Ȼگ˹زǵжԹϵϱ߾ûж˲˽ġκһگı߾˶ٴС
Ǹ꣬ȻܺӦУйء
޵Ļ򹥻ܱãΪԼϣ˹˵
ɣǹ˹ˣɽŴۼܶȴﵽ£˲Ƴ
£ƵĳҲɱĸˣ⻹ڶԷӭʱ򡣵ڣôܼһɱĺֹʮ֮
һЩһֱϵʮϤɱ
ֻôһһĳ꣬˹˵˾ʹﵽǧ֮䣬һɽϺХ£һεЧû֮ǰԣȴҲжǧ˹˴¡¡صԵɽϡ
ѪˮͬϪɽϺХ£սϣֵĽڶɽһƬҡ
һĻú󷽻ضƤ
ôˣҲֹܶΣֹһεļʶִһ̣¾þս󣬿ֳзӳȻҲƽ
˹ذϵȻӵжʮļǧʲôҪ֪ʮȴ˹ص۹ȥʮʱ䣬ķ˴ʱ;Ŵġ
˹ڶʱٴһ֧Ҳôס
תĿ꣬ٵЩƳ󣡡
ͻȻһֱۣɵ
ǣ
ûд󷽣ɽϣֲµı仯û˿ԥڽ֮һƳսʿͻȻ֣ЩѸٵص˸ǽ󷽡
ֻʱЩһһ㣬ٴʧˡ
һ̣ɣۡ˹8ʿͬʱһŨŨļɵ˽ЩջأԶ˹˼ɡ
Ϊû֪ʲôʱٴγ֣
ָоֱ˷ʤ
ҴƵĳҪңÿҪװ彫󳷻أýװµȵٴγֵʱ򣬱װļ֧
ʱȻֽһֵո
пսԵˣһзƵĳ󲢲ǵһˣǴûһһõô¡
ģסǡֻҪסЩˣǾû
ˣ˳壬ٵЩ󣡡
ע⣬ǵĸǽܣ

˹ؾԶˣһЩһ۾ͿĹؼ
Ǻ˾һɱһôɽϵİ϶й˼ɣԲҷңɽϵĸǽͬ۳Ĺ
˹˱£óġأսǴƲó¡ڸǽ棬Ҳʧȥ˽ˡ
ʣ
ɣںľ棬ͻȻ͵ĴһһڵĴ󾣼⻷֮𵴣˷һսʿϵΪѸݵĿ𺣣ɽЩڵĵط
ͬһʱ䣬ɣҲӥ޼˵ĹСɽ޴ĸ֮Ȼ󲽳ɽϳ죬ǳҵĻ˵ϥǣȫ첻˺
¡¡ɽͶɣĽŲ²ɣûпͻȻ֮䣬·Ӧʲôһ̧ͷ
ܲУһž޴Ļͬȼյ̫һ㣬С󣬺¡һ͵ײھɣʮĵط޴Ļ桢˺ͱըϯķ
ž޴Ļ£жʱžûһŻ׹
֪ʲôʱ򣬺󷽵ĹеںĹһŻⳡܼĻ깥ڽˡ
ôһɲǣɽһƬţûκε
ˣ
ɽϣ忴һž޴Ļ׹䣬¶һ˿ЦݡһжԤϵһ´Ƕ˳ᢣҲϵҲϵϽһʨӳǣֽһݡ
ô̵ʱ䣬ע޴㡣
ⳡ򹥻ע̫
ɣ
΢磬ɽµ
𣡡
һɽѰɽͬʱӾָֹֻգ֮䣬ԭһ˵ɽͻȻðӰ
ڣֵ϶ˡ
ɱ
һضɽҡֱʡԭڸǽİ϶ͻȻ֮Ӳ֮س˳ǧ򣬻㼯һɹɸƺƵɽųˢ
ǹǵأɽ

һȴɽ֪Ϣǿͬ籩İ϶ĽУһɽ³
һ̣ǿɣҲ̲סƤ
⼸Ȼڰ֣֮ǰǿʢձ󣬾˲żüá佫ĿԶʤ˹غگ
һӥһ޼һپѾˣοôɱ
ˣˣˣ
ɣȻȡ
˵˹˾ԵסôˣûϣҲʧȥⳡսеơ
ϣ
ս˻֮ǰЩ󹥻ʿ˵͹ȡ˵ڣһɲǣս˲ŤתܵɽԶ˹ˡ
ɽϵҲͷ׷ܡ
ɣȵ赲һҲ׷Ťͷɽȥ
սУһסǾ·һ
ȣ
˹ܣɽ϶ʱһ춯صĻ

Ҳʧˣ
Ŀûע⵽ĵط޷ɽĿӯ˵һ仰Ŀ䣬˭Ҳ֪Щʲô
Ϊ˽ЩķǴԴǵվɱޡ
һӸ޷
ǻ̫
ǵġ
һҲ͵
ؼǸϡǸӱĻҪѲ
Ѿ㹻ǿˡһŹѾ㹻ˣҪеڶˡ
޷¶ĺ⡣սʵûоģʹһȫЩԼ˵һ顣
ôһЩˣֻǼһ棬˶ɱˡ
һս϶㲻ȫҲѾҪˡ꣬һ
˵һ䣬޷¶˵ɱ
·İɡܻ߳ȥġ
˵գϢ


587 սϻ棡
սܿ
˹˲ûзһĽ϶Ҳûо׷ȥɽΪޣƺγһ˿Ĺۣ϶׵и
˫ˮˮ
һĳһޣǾζһֵսʼ
ô㵽ʧ𣿡
ɽϣ޼٣İ϶ۼһ̵ʧ
սڣܹ8764ˣ
ٿһ鱡ٴᣬ̧ͷΧ˵
Ҳ˵ֻ91ǧˡ
һ仰˵꣬˼֡ʨӳǵڣ˼ÿͷġһս
ڵ̫ˣվɽһΧãã޼ʣߡѹʵ൱ǿġ
϶ҪͱҪϧԼÿһݱ
ŸոյһֽӴѾ˽ӽʮ֮һı˵ò˵һܳصϢ
з٣
һ۵佫Ȼֻһֱۣ佫ȴǳ׳˶ǿϱϢ޼붼Ҫǿ
رģеһѿرصĺ񱳵а߶߶೤ҵǳĺءأһرƵġ
˽¹˴Ҳǰ϶ĸ߽佫֮һšɽӵ۵λ޼֮ϡʵԿԽ밲϶еǰ֮С
ҿһ
ٷһҳ
⡭Ӧ8࣬ӽ9鱡ٵĻ⻹ֻǱصĹơ

һ׷̧ͷ
ȷûŪ𣿡
һ佫
ֻ֪֮ǰսڷӦս˺ܶˣǾ˶ˣ˭Ҳ֪Ǵʱһò˵ԶԶ˵Ԥڡ
Ūģ϶ľӦ֪ˡִܻģ
ٲɵ
鱡ٸԼսļ¼ǾеĴ£ִҪɱͷġ
ʮһսȣֱ˼飬³𶼻ڵʱ򣬶йļ¼λӣλӡ
϶佫Ļ˵ˡ
ϴزûóģ³ǶͨǲıҡǺȫһεġ
ͻȻЩף³ΪʲôƽλСˡ
̾Ϣһ
飬λ֪𣿡
¹˴תͷɽķɽ͵ӳ£ɽӰСޱȣܲǵһˣһлǲ˽Ȼͬĸо
鱡ӦѾϢ͵λˡ
޼Ҳڵг𾴡
˵ȫУϣҲҲҲǿıҺıԼˡֹϣһɲǣжһָоλϱ裬´ߵˮƽ
ߣҲȥӡ⣬ҲսȴݳȥɡҵҪھл˭ҷӡ˭Ҳʶʱ񣬴ǰıǲˣ
ٵ
š
¹˴Ҳ˵ͷӹ϶ʵвдеִҪȻܹ֧ʹҲֹôһ佫ˡ
ֻЩ˲ûб˵Ҳûа취
˽£ͬΪ϶¹˴ȴ֪ġǰôôڣһ̿ʼ;Բκٷ
һ㣬˵Ĺʶ
תһȺ˺ܿ쳯ɽȥ

ӣ˹˺گӦֻʣʮˡ
ɽϣ﷭е鱡ڵ
ţǵҲֻоˡ
˵ͷڵĿȻɽ¡վɽһôǿԽɽĶһࡣһսѾˣǲ壬ǴƵĽ춼֪һвԶûн
ز䣬Ҳ䣬޷ͶθȫЩĶﵽΪֹû֡
Ϻʹ󶼻³Ҳɽ
սûгôⳡսͻԶûеͼذ֡ĵز
սֻ»Ұ
ͻȻɽµ
ţ϶ġ
˵ͷ
ǰڵ˹غگֻ̽ԵĽӴʵ͵ľԶɳģԲǰʯţǽ˹޴ЩӣԶԶ˫ս
ⳡսԽ棬ֻԽĲпͼҡ
幫ӣԸһ𣿡
ͻȻ֮䣬һ·һɽ´ɽžͳӥͣɽµķ
ӣǴޡ
ӥǰսһͻصߡ
ҪӦ𣿡
壺
޺ų࣬ʱ빫ӣֻ²⡣
޷
˰֣ȻһЦ
ʱˣˣʲôУңˣʲôУҲԸ⡣
˵ⷭʱ͸¶һɼȵš
֪վŵ˹صġࡱࡱȴδ֪վǱʥܴʲôҲʲôս˵˿ġ
ڴˣڣ
˵һãǰ

ͬһʱ䣬ɽ£飬ִ˹شɢһӣҡȣݵĴ˳
ɽϿӣƾŹ֮󣿡
ͷɽĿת
ɽϣͨϻһͬʱ˶ԷһۣڶԷпͬ𾪡ܲµ־ѾˣܲµǾŹ֮ȻѾȫĥ͸ݺ

棬Ҳû˿˼
ʱҪ𣿡
ǻ˵ЦΧѵΧ˹غگ𣿡
ֱ̯ۣһЦ
ǺǣȻѾȲʤȯֺαضѴܷ࣬ˡ
ȻЦ
ǣѪգֻ֪ЩƵսʿǲҲһη⣿ֻϧ֮ġӵ츳Ǹ߳ǾδЩϧܹ찲϶ĽʿʹͶԸŹԼ𣬻ڶһ·
ɽһֿ
ô㣬ʰ϶Ľʿأ
һЦ
ӷģȻҲһ·ֻǣǱϾսʿΪΪˡպصԭ¼ǷŻɽΪСԣ˫ܴһ£ֻҪԸԸ⽫ŵ˹ػگǰꡣҲ֮ơ
һϿҡ
һõļƲߣһ
̲סЦ
Ըꡣ
ЦЦΪ


588 սչֶΣ
ԸЩ˹ص־ܣȻò뾩ʦʥ˵ܱ˹ƽ˹ظԭƫһ硣򣬿£ͷ
ⷭһޡأаϵ佫ȫǲȻɫ䡣ΪⷭȻ˹˵ġ
Сӣ󵨣Ȼͻ
һ˹صĽŭȣŭɶڽҲŭɫ˹أȻֳĴϵȴӵϵĵλ
ǴޣأڲǰҪϹϾκԽ֮
ӣΪǸ֮ˣҿһû뵽Ȼ³çϻð㲢κκô
һõ
˹ڲĵλֲȡʥʡҪߡԭܼ򵥣˹ص۹ȻƷֳĴϵǲĵλȴǳһС
ڲĵȼϵȴƻҪɭϣ
Ϊڹ⼤ŭ𣿡
ȻһЦ˹ڽķŭмһˣ
Ѭģֻõһսʤܣ忴ȴ˹غʹơļ˻ģλʵ֮ϡľ£಻˰ɣ
ĺ֮ڣ˻ϣûһ۹Ժʹƿ⣬˹ءҲУȻگʮΣοɲʮ϶Ҳеһ֧ѡ
ֻŽԸƣ֪ûմƾԸ˹أʱֻأ
һԱϣɽ£˹һȻɫ
˹صʵѷɫڴƵģȴûһ˵ôֱסң˶ӮһսռϺɣ漰Ƶ۹ǻضŻ
ƻи溲и֥ثãоʦ³ࡣһΣ˹ټϸ޷Ȼڶ˴ƣǿ˴Ƶелɳãƾ˹أҪսƸͲܡ
СӡǱеĻҪѲ
޵üͷԸоΧʿı仯ɲҪĽҲٻ壬Ҫ߽ʿƻԯޡ
࣬Ҫٺ˵ˡ⺢ӲöԸ
һۺԱߴ
üͷѵõĲһ䡣ڴ޵жͼƻٸ棬һΣȴòˡ
ⲢǲŴޣǴƺ˹صʵ˭Ҳ޷ϵġǻҲ˵˹ؾܳԽƵĻ
Ҫֺαغگˡ
֮ڵĴѾûǰǿʢˣ½ǿĵ۹Ĵڱܱߵκǿ˵һ޴Ӱ
ӻƱ棬ľ֣شɣʱ仹ǵĵԼɡ˹ءȥļǧû˹أôԺļǧ꣬ȻҲܡ
΢΢Ц
̹˵޶廹൱ֻ͡ϧһˣһ˹صĵˡ
Ǻǣǰ̤ϸԭԺȴδءң˹ؿӻظԭ֪޷Ҳ𣿡
ɽȻһЦŤͷһ
ˣ
⻰޻ûзӦһԵĸ޷٤죬Լȴ৵һ·׷ױɫ˱Թʹ֮Ľ棬˭Ҳû뵽ìͷһתȻ׼ǡ
گ˹һֱһģǾ˹غگһ˵ģһ򲻹ʲô仯˹ʱ˻ظԭܱ
گȴС
گĵλðһ˹سگͱԱŭĴơگĹζ޷Ӧԡ
گ۹ϵ£޷жǣ˹أҲĴ޺ͻزϾʱ
ֶֻ̫УԽ˹вһʵǱܶᣬĽ˹ȥڣȴ˫ɵŵϡ
һܺ𡣴Ȼų࣬ҴĿꡣ
޷Աߣһگĺ̲ס
ʹ޽ʱ򻹲ʲôоǵ彫ìͷ׼ǵʱһоͽȻֻͬһ仰˵һȻǿҵļɵ˼ֻúȥԳԲʲôùӣռʲôˡ
޷
޷ҲĿãǺܿ˼˰ֵ
ֻһʮѣȻԷ𻰣֮ǾδԵˡûУƵʥʶûͺˣگƾʲôʹһ棿
⡭
޷ȴûʲôԥΪϵİһľ뢣ǶûУԳˡ
Ӹ£Ż˵á޳ճһͲƽˡڽˣҲزġ˵ҺҲǹʾˣ꾩ʦйһ֮Ե˼ΪˡȻΪܹ֮ۡȥΪʺá
ӣ޷ϼ޻ĵ
ӥƤһæֹھʦôãĿȾӥҲ֪һ㶫޷ⷭ䴫УĲ˵ʦʷǵ۾Իѩһ
ô˼֤ҺگᣬѴƵܲˡպϴˣҲԶ۵㣬һԺ;Ǿ
޷
ȻһЦھдôãΪӵܣ޷˼β֪ϱǲ׽Ӱĵص㣬Ȩ֮쳣ļҡ
Ϊ˰⵹֣伫٣Ҫ֪ϢǾԲŹᣬٰѹ
޷Ҳϵľ뢣ʦЩμ˭Ҫ֮ǾĻˡӥ֪˼ҪԸ޷òôòž
˵ǰ㵱ʮҲһɳѳʡ
ʺǾͲˡүӻʶˣھʦʱӢʱ˵޷ˣ䣬ͷǣƴȶݣպضᱳơһжӡ֤үӵжϡƺҳӣүһ֮֮ͬΪıʺ֮£ԺǲҪᣡ
ããĴ
¡¡սΧصһ֮ڼ
һĻ޷ﷴЦˡ
ʣѵô˵
٤һԵ
˶˵ʶ֮ܣگǴʳֻ֧Ҫƾʦ˾ûв֪ŹֵģҲûвֲصġ
нյǿʢԺ;ŹѲϵԶҲ֪ʥʺŹ֮Ź֮¡
٤쵱ڴΪʣھŹȻҲͬľءһ޷ȫһġ
ߣҲţֻëͷСӺƵĶѡ
޷ȻЦ


589 ս
žôǾͲ˶ˡگҲԶûлˣĽյս£
ҵͷȷʵܶ࣬ǰͷ͸󣬲ĻҲƭƭЩǾˣڸ޷˵˵Щȫںȥһֲǹˡ

٤һӷӦ˹ҲǰѡǾŹͷ̫˶˵Ź¸أ֮¡
٤Ϊӡһʱˡ
ɽƻļһ
ҲòźսʹֶΣ伫ˡ֮ô϶
޷˰ֵ
˵ʵǱ취ɨϣ﹥޷廹൱ȤѾܾûô꣬ǹǷȫ˿Ϸ죬һ
ıִԸ޷Բ֣һʱ֮ˡ֮ͽΣյĳıΣⲻһܹġ
֮ҲˣΪ˴£ıӦ仹ֵزĲѰ˿ɱȵˡҲǸ޷ﵱûپȥԭ

޷һչת󲽳Ŵ޺ͻصķȥͬʱ޺ͻҲȫ˹ؽŸ޷˹
ȻǵͬΪıĳЩ棬Ϊϵļ۾뢣˼άȴȫһµġ
ʲô𣿡
޷￪żɽ
СӲöԸ
һ
֮γɽϵЩûЩƾ϶ʮ򲻵ˣȫֵסǵĴ
ǰ
޷Ҳ̾һ
Բ£սսóġҵ˿ⷽó֮սǻȫ϶ǵȫˡ
ڴƵⷭ仯޷گĴʵˡ֮ǰƾƣ䲻⣬Ѹٻƣڽɽϣ϶еĸоȫһȫһϣһ¡
ǵ͹Сӣȫбⳡս͹˾ˡ
һگ佫ͻȻ
һϯ˵˶Ĭ˵ǵ͹϶˵ǵ͹һˡʨӳǣǰЩɢɢ岼ıݣڰ϶֮ı仯ȫһ˴ġ
ⳡսĳ̶ֳϣʵһ֮ս
ƵλһˣȫıⳡսƽҲȫıⳡʮþȵսĽ̡
ʣ࣬иλҵ飬Ҳò̫߹ǸСӡ
ʱ򣬷٤ͻȻڵһ˼ӡ
Ŷ
һϯʱ˵Ŀⶼȥˡ
̫ӵ¿ʲô߼
΢΢Ц¶ϴӡ
߼ңǣλѵˣΪʲôԭѡͻΧ뿪𣿡
٤˼ŵ
ˣ
٤һ˶ǰһҪ۰ȫʨӳʵﻹҪȫ϶֮ѡͻΧûѡڳУԭܼ򵥡
ǵʳľˣ
һگ佫ͻȻڵһס
϶Ϊʳľ뿪ʨӳǵġʮ˳ԺⶼһСĿ
٤оâ䣬ĿԽԽ
СжôѵܱʮľɣϴӿսڣҲһ¡бδʳУڴƴҲҶ˽⡣
ƺǲһǵҪѼʮ˵ıҪȫѼ̣ʱҪܳʱ䡣
дƾʦѧʱҲƵʷϼ¼ԭĵ۹µսҪʳﱸ׼ʱ䡣ԽԽƶԽǲߡگԣͬĵȣĲǱҪߡ
ҿԿ϶Ҫ׼ʮʳԲǶʱС˫߲Ҳܱóʮľ
ɽΧˮйֻͨҪΧⳡսǶɡʱ򣬾ͲҪǣǱҪ취ͻΧ뿪
˵󣬷٤ݺݵսȭͷĿһƬ
گ̫ӵݣûһ˵ķͷһôǰȫǹ٤죬Ȼ٤û˵֮УǷ٤ͽΪжݡ
̫ӵ˵ĲʲôɣֻҪð϶ӳȥû㹻ľǱضܿⳡսΣǶûʤ㣿
һگ佫͵
޷΢΢üû˵ʲô
Ǻǣ̫ӵµĿǺ²ıϡֻڣһСС⡣
΢΢һЦͻȻڵ
Ŷ
٤üܿͷĵԸŴ߼
Ǻǣ̫ӵ⵽һѾˡʳȷʵ˵һεսЩ̫ͬӵΪΪʲôĵĹˣõĹ
⡭
٤¶˳ɵɫʶǣ
Ǹ˵һƹϰϡĸ¤ֻڣֻ֮¶ԸǣΪǺʹʳ֧ͻʺ߾۹ɡȹһ¡ľ֣شɣڲֹԸƣҲһԣԸǣƴƱԭ򡣡
ǿճ־ãϳٳٹ¡ôȫͬˡһΪƻǸƣ޷սʤôǾͻ˱ʱǻʲôӦ֪ɣ
һ䣬ΧʱһƬš
ʵʲô̫⣬ֻΪ佫ʶֻῼǵǰ⣬ϵ⣬ῼȫֺıϵ⡣
սеһѾûʱȥˡûʱȥȴ϶Լһ칥϶һ㶨ϵľ棬ҲܹĴٽͻʺ߾ɡȵЩ뵽ԸƵս
ʱݼţϵԽã˵Խһ㣬޷ʵκ˶ҪϾ˹·ģگûС
һʵѾǲƳɱԣսگʧô֮ǰʯŵش˸޷ᶼûᡣ
ΪһҰĵۣ޷Ǻϸġ
Ǹ޷еֽ٤Ȼûöࡣ
ƾ⻹պ˵ɣ
޷ͻȻڴʱڵ
࣬ڵľƣʲô߼𣿡
ûʲôķ
ҡҡͷϵ
ҪԸ϶ܼ򵥣ҪȰγɽЩǽһ㣬ǻǻҪ֮ǰһ޴Ĵۣ
ֻǣҵǸȷʵ򵥡û´ӦǴһֻĹʱ޲Щǽʱʱ޲ӣȫûȥߣһǿйֻҪĻҪöĴۡ
ǴǵЩǽĻǽͽɡףͽˣ
޷ͻȻתͷһԵһɫ׾ʱĽ


590 սţ
·£һ񣡡
ж׵ĽתוּļƬкܿתȥ
ȻаţǴ޾;ˡʲôҪܷԸ˹ؾȫ
޺ܿ
ţˡҲǳˡ
޷ֻǵ˵ͷʹ޷ֿܿתȥ

Ǹ̫ӵ˵Χ
ӻ̸ĵص뿪ͻȻڵ
޺͸޷̸ʱȫֳ̱Ĭûн˵Ľ̸ʱȴͻȻˡ
ǺǣЩ飬λ̫ӵ²̫˵룬ȻСб׼ôĸǽ˵᲻׼ľ
ҡȣƵ
ˣ
һʱͣ˽ŲǺܿ죬ؾ͸ȥ
ǣ˵ʳȫһǿԺ̡̣⣬׷ǲСô̵ʱ䣬ʨӳ׼ôʱ䣬ҲûĹһ𣿡
Ҳ֪
仰ͣ˽Ų
ǣսڣôҲˣǸһóȥȡȻĹҲô̵ʱڳＯôʳǣҲû˿׼
ô취˰϶ʳ⣬жʳ˶ʳ׼˶ʳǺܿͻ֪
˵䣬޺ܿǰȥ

ɺ𣿡
ɽϣƮĴƾ£֮վһ֮Ĵ󺹣ǳƣʨӳǵ޽ڣѾܾûôϢˡ
֮ƣӣҲа̡
ڣϽʿƵ۹ϵһսûʱȥ̡˵ϢһµĻ
ӵģ顭ģ黯ǽȷʵǾȻҵĺǺܶģ飬һȫʹáܵƻ̶Ҳ
ݹӵͼֽѾѽӽųɵĳǽȫ޲ˡ
֮
ûйϵоųɵĿǾͿˡ
ͷ
˹˵Щ޴Ļ깥ǷһЩЧӽһɵĳǽܵ𻵡˵ЩѾҪˡֻҪսͱȻ˵ģοԵĻǴޡ
һɵȫġңųɵĸǽҲɶ԰϶ķӰ쵽սˡ
⡭
֮Цſڣû˵꣬ͻȻǰһҡΣȥ
ʦû°ɣ
һæס֮
ʦʦ
ܣ֮ͽһҲæȥס֮Щ֮׽ĵӣǴ߰ϵģ֮ȫ縸һ㡣
û£û¡ֻЩƣûϢöѡ
֮˰˰֣ϻЦݡҲʱŷ֣֮źᣬմҳƤ£ʵȫһƬ԰ס
Ҳһᣬæк
ʦЩˮʦˣúϢһ°ɡ

ʵϸ룬ӽʶ֮ڣԼǾｨһǽЩÿһ̺ƴҪ֮ͣļල̡
У˭ϢȴֻǲϢġرս֮֮˼ȫ档
ʱ룬ͻȻԼܶʱ򶼺ˣ֮ԼЩʿһֻһͨˡ
֮ǲ书ģ
ҹڣΪ˽ЩǽʵһֱûϢ
ǺǣӲؿҡܹڹߣΪƣҲΪƵľӣϵ飬֮һԺҲ˵顣㵱Ϊҽ칬ʱϷûôĹһξ㹻ˡ
֮˰֣ȴһѣһ˵ο
ӣʲô;ܷԸɡֻҪõϷ򣬹Ӿ;ܷԸ
š
˵ͷ֮Ŀ⣬˵ʲôǶġ
ˣ
һָͻȻ֮ǰĻ˯Ѩϣȴ壬Ǻ󷽵ĳͻȻˡ
Ŵʦȥڴʦ֮ǰ˭Ҳ

û°ɣ
š
˵ͷ
֮ķ̫ˣҲĵ˵⼸죬һֱûϢ̫ˡʵսУǺùǰûҲ֪Ǻǻ

ǰûУԺȻСսʽԺҲҪһЩıˡ
忪ڵ
ˣʡսʲô𣿡

壬ͨ൱أѯ̬ѾԱ̬ȡ
ʱ֪
ҡҡͷ
ڵԶʤǣز˹սսȴδռ˺ôʱ䣬ռƵһ

ɽʵѾһݣȻһһΣкܶȱڣʵ˹ص﷢Ӳʨӳи˹صľӣǵٶǲܵκġ
˹ؿĿķ˴޽ЩݣҲȫӢ֮ء
ǽȻڣȴѾûô
ʨӳͨʱͨõǻķߡЩǽȫһһΣҪ˹غگ
սһѾû·ˣ
һ۹Ѿʧȥܱйľη֮ģôΨһİ취սϣĻǣǣӮԼϡ
ѾûѡҪ۹˥ˡ˥ܣһ겻񣬶ֶѵӣı۹պ󱯲ҵˣΨһİ취ǳ׵Ļǰ
ܸʲôĴۡ

˵ʱԶگͻȻһɧһ޺쳹ߵگһƬȻһһ׷ɢ
ӣʲô
ӥͻȻ̲סǰ
û˵Ƥ̲ס޺𣬵ȴ硣
󣡡
૵ѿڶ
ʲô
ӥʶĵǻû˵㱻һ춯صĺѹȥˡ¡¡ԶԶȥһƬͺʲôȻӺ߳һ
ҲǼʱ䣬ܿ죬һͷͷСɽĺӰԶĳ˵Ұ֮СЩӰǳĳأľ
ԶԶĿţܹоһǿѹرǿԱߵЩһگսʿѹȸо͸ӵǿˡ
壡
ԭžɽͻȻһһ˿ҵζʮ϶ܻڵģǷܾ֮־Ǿеľ
ǼЩӰûпľѾһ˿ҡԲ
ţ
ɽϣһ߶ɵı飬ʱɫȴޱȣ³ĸ


591 ս֮Χ
ţ
عͷȻҲӵвǰļ䣬ٶļ䣬ԶԶЩһӺگ򽻵Ҿ֮սϽگ˽⡣
ţ
˵ͷɫޱȣ
شԭͬľïʢȡдҰޣһӵľޣگ֮Ϊ󡣸޷֮ǰͿʼҪѱЩޣڱѵһ֧ӣš
֧ŵ࣬Ƿǳ֮սϳ˺ܴĿдʿǵϡ

¡¡𶯣ֻ޾ԽԽڣ忴ֻеľšһͷͷ޴ĴȻҲ󣬵ִӡеȫһ
ûмôߴĴÿһͷ׸ߣһЩﵽףףôӴֻǿţ˸оһĵ
ôôĴ󣿡
Ҳޱȡ
ûмֻţҲûǵӡӦֵ߳ʱˡǿȷʵеһľ޴
޴½ĳҰ󣬾ӴģҲߣЩŵľһ࣬ǵ峤ﵽʮס
һͻ֮
ľʶҲûмʶӴҰ
Щף
ӥ૵ּʶģϾЩ׼ӥȫûˡȻӥиܵġ
ף
૵
ӥ˵ĲЩϻ˺İɫףһ˹˵İɫסÿһٶһ񣬶ġ
ֻһۣ˳ЩϤļĺͷġƾЩЩ׵ĺȣ¾ǳҲѶʵЧ˺
ʵ𺳵ģЩ͡
ףģЩÿһͷأȸǽҪˣ
а
Щǽÿһͷǧ֮أǺЩگľȣԵ΢һɲǣͻȻ֪֮گ˵Ĵˡ
׼أ

ǣӣ
һȺٺܿȥͬһʱ䣬گĴ֮Ҳ˱仯
٣

һźУһͷͷΪģگӿЩǰһǽǰƽ
˵ĵ鷢ˡ
𣡡

һźһܷһ޴ĶƶͷɽϵķȥһĻֹ壬塢ϡͨӥ޼ҲǷ׷ױɫ
㷴ӦٳٶۣҲ׹ЩܱڻЩ׼׾ġ
¡¡𶯣ŵľԽվڸ߸ߵɽϣȥԿһͷͷڲϵĿ
һͷͷͷͷ
ڹĴϣϸȥһǧͷ岼Сɽľɽ͵ķ򿿽ȻǺܶ࣬Ƿֲڹƽԭϣһ־˰Ӵѹ𺳸С
٣


ڣһݶĺУŵһǰڵִɽͽ¡
׼
һ£ļܼȣ׷״кХ¡Ҽ꣬߰׸ߵľϣȫ
Щɫ׾ͬһغĳǽеȫ档
׼
ͬһʱ䣬ŵսʿ˷Ӧһ޶ܸ߾ͷ߰ʿǰȥһЩ˴Ӿͷ˳ǻ£ſϸС۾Ҳ棬
еļûһܹ
һлԶûн
ʼ
һŰɫ׵گ߾ٳصĻ£ৣ˳ȥ԰㣬ڿжţѸٵסһ¶¸ǽ
һˣѸٵ˾ϡ

һ£ɽ̳޴ĸǽȻ£Ȼһ϶£ѸٵĴɽϱ˳ȥ
ھӴǰķ˴ʲƣش߰ǧصĸǽҲԵ΢ֻһɲǣһ¾޴ĸǽͱôˡ
û˸ǽڻǽİ϶һɫѿޱȡ
ߣߣ
챨ˣɴᣡ

ӵųİʿһɫ԰ף׷׵ͷɽߵĵطӵȥ
ˣˣ
گĴһƬ
ǰ֮֮ʦ֮ǰĲҰܣ˶ɽϵİ϶˾޴ηһΣȴȫͬ
û˸ǽķ϶Ʋ٣Ҳֵס
¡
һգ֮䣬һ¸ǽ֮Ȼ£߰˸ţһߡ䣡䣡䣡һһ£ϵĵ¡
̶ʱڣʮ¸ǽ׷ױߡ
ͦסҪߣ
һ¸ǽ棬ʮ϶սʿ飬סǰĸǽ;κӣһ̣¡̳޴ĺУʮ϶սʿͬصĸǽȫһɽȥ

ɽһƬеһȻ֪ǳ֮󣬵˭Ҳû뵽Ȼﵽֵزʮ侳۷սʿȻͷĶ֡
侳صĸߵĶĶ֣
ɽϣӥһĻƤ
ڵľѾͻƵ侳أ仰˵ƴá۵زؽաͷĶ֡
ľڰзȥȱȽǡ
Ƽ䲻ֹ۰޷Ϊ˶ԸƣĻǡ֧ʵĻۣսжԸƵġ

һǧͷص˾֮䣬һЩӽ۷ˡ
￴Զһͷʮһ׵ľ
ǿУϣߴҲǿ׳ĴϵëԳ˻ҰɫǽŲȴɵ죬ýݡ
ǰʯеˡ
ﶼûаնԸһͷһǧͷ󣬶ڴ˵Ѿһɾ޴в
گ˽Щǽȫι⣬ȻоǿµʱҲֻ·һˡ

϶ǺگİŴġŵ۵λگĴУŵʵʵԶڰʯ֮ϡ
֮ûŵ˹صһţΪЩŵ̫ࡣֻһǧͷѡ
ߣֻҾͲţѵôɣûЩگŵıЩҲֻǰӶѡ
һԱߴ
֪ʲôʱ͵һͽĿתɽ塣
ӣЩҴȥɱĩĽگֹɽ¡
أ
˰֣Ŀһֱעɽ£
ڻûеһ
䣬䣬䣬˵ʱһǽ𣬱һͷͷ˳ȥڵϳһĺۼ
ɽ£ҳʮɸߣΪگ˵жṩ˷㡣


592 ս֮Σ
ǴˣȥɽŵķҪȫˡ
Щǵ
ġòġǲ֪Ϊʲôһγٳûз
ڵگûйɽھ뿪أȥǡ
ƽ
Ŀעɽ£Ժд˷Ѹٵ˼ŶԲߡòϣ޷ʹȷʵϱ߾۾뢡
ŵĴȷʵʹš
սʮʮƾĵΡƺͷҸ޷ţһһεİεɽϵķŽ
گ˲Žûа취뿪ɽȥǡֻ岻ȡжһ죬ɽϵĸǽ࣬ѴʲƽЩߣܿͻᱻگ
϶Ҳᱻ׵ıǽ
ǹӣѵǾԴ𣿡
ٿʧ
δأ
˼Ƭ̣ͻȻڵ
ַҽй
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һַͷ죬ףǰ
ӣ
ַͷͷһ
ʲô취Ըŵľ𣿡
ʵ
ȫףگ˴֮Ѿǵ˷ַ󣡡
ַͷ
ŵľֻһǧͷһ¾ͻᱻɱ⡣Ը޷ڴ֮ȫ׼
ǹؽأܹйؽڣж㣬һԳٻǵж
üͷ
Уگ֮ѡ˹˵İףñ˹˻Ҫ񡣳˰׵ķһԭǰ׹ؽνӵĵطǳ١Ըû̫Ļᡣ
ַͷ̾Ϣ
۾أҲ۾Ҳסɣܹо۾˵ܹһٽЩɱ

۾ȷʵһõĵط۾ǳСӴȫͬҲˣʯŸÿһͷ׼ʮսʿȫ̱ЩսʿȫѵصսʿǵĻ̫ˡ
ûлᣬȻսʿǾɱЩսʿ
ٴʱͻȻ˽һ˵ţһ˸еĶ
ûãſ϶һУҪЩǰѰŵȫɱ⡣
һΣûַͷͿˡսϵûô򵥣޷ＴȻѰſôأ䱸ҲĻףķҲǶ಻ʤ¶˸ףѾеһж뵽ˡ
Ψһû뵽ģҲ۾ΪôҲܰѾ۾Ҳϡ޷Ҳ׼һ֧ǳӴľӱǡ
ĳֽǶ˵ϣگѾ֮Ͱ뵽ȫһ飬ȫ׼
䣡䣡䣡
ɽ̳˵ʱΧɽ壬ΧĵһȦĸǽ˸顣һͷͷųصĸǽʮʿĻ£ЩشǧĸǽһԶȥ
ɽ¾ϣʧȥΧǽıںһͷͷ󡰰κӡʧ֮еİ϶սʿòɽϸߵĵطȥ
ʼգگûнκε׷ɱֻһЩ϶սʿڿǰʱŻȡֹж
γǽжƽš
ɽȥͻ֣ᷢگΪж˴佫ÿһصԼලһκμжĺֹλÿǰһ㣬Խĳεġޡͻܵ޴
̺г
ɽһĻɽɫûɣһгġ
گڱúܽˡ
㳲Ҫ¡
ȥ죬зݣȫᱻοա

ɽ徲ĵģ˰γеżĳͻѵõƽսȴеĽȻ෴
֮ǰҵսڵշҪֽǺͲͬһ㴫
˹صĴҲС˵̫ˡڵҪôҵİţ
ããİоһ׼ףɽϷЦ
Ѿγһĸǽǣ޼ǵĵֵһЩѥɧļ֮⣬˼ûγκЧĹ
ȥһһ䣬ɵľܰ϶Ƶǣ׵Ĳ
£νİŲˡ
گ˵оһگ佫ɽͻȻڵӿʼڣگ˶עǸССɽϣǵӰĶ
˶ڵȴǵķӦ
϶˹Ҳһһ
ʵϣɽϾĵģûκεķʣ޲ˡ
ץסǵˡҵӱᣬǱߣҲʹʲôƲˡ
һ뵶̵گ
˿ɽ鶼˺ܶࡣ
еʱҪ̡ܹ
޷ﵭΪگĻʵۣȻôǰߣ۽ʶؽȣ޷ֳԶԶԽһλ׿Խս䡣
ˣˡˣʱ򷴶ǰ϶ǿǿɽƵɽϵЩǽʮǻˣ˲ءǲô꣬ȻҲ޻ɳˡ
ʥ
˷׷׹
˵Ĵ滳ɣôڣǰĽѾûٻɸ޷ľˡ
ȥ߶ףסڵƣԲҪðĻһΨʣ
޷
ǣ¡
Ѹٵȥ

е˼
һ˵ĻغʹͬעⳡκӰս
޷İűǵĹеЧҪá
һΡȻɽʹϿ˿ı顣
Цֻ΢΢ҡȡ
ҲǸˡ
Ǻûа취𣿡
ص
گİȷʵˡڳ䶨֮ǰһлδ֪֮
ɫͻȻ˿У޳˼Ƭ̺
ҲǸûᡣȥհʹ׼һ¡һԣ֣ڼ֮϶ҲǼĺô֮սҲиսˡ
ص˵ͷÿɷ񡣶ڻصֻҪ̫أһ㶼ǲôֵġ
¡¡һӴܿ뿪հʹһ֧˹شܿ뵽˰֮УһֻҪ쵼İ϶ɽôȴǵľͽ˹˵ʹ
¡
ҳֱһһ¸ǽĹºȻ£Щɫ׵ȻһԶ
Ѿǵڶĸǽˡ


593 ս㣡
䣡
ܼɽϴƶԽԽ
ӣɣ
ɽ˶ڵȴ塣
ȥ˶ֻ·һ
ٵ˶塣ȻϺͨǵı飬֪˶ڵȴԼ
һϤĸо֮䣬·ֻص˹ȥصǳ֮ҵսСɣһεɽϵĳǽֵǳȥǾһս
һ׷׼ҵ
޼¶⶯ɫ
ڵò̫ʱ䣬گ˾ܽɽϵĸǽεһɶʱȻҪگ˵Щ
ֻʱʿֻºڽȻͬ
ӣβ˹˳ȥˡ
޼̲סڵ
ңҲûʲôõİ취ˡ
ȻҲ
ɽΨһųĬĹҲֻӥͳˡ
ӣʲƲƣȲƱ
֪ʲôʱ򣬳¹˴Ҳһɽڵ
ڰ϶Уĵλ޼˻ߣӽֲͨ㼶ˡ¹˴һڣʱȻͬȻһ䡰ʲƲƣȲƱѾ;н쾡¡
ӵ³ƣ˰϶ߵȨޡοΨһܷͨ˱ȨԸӲ˷ˡ
ǳ¹˴ɽµ˺ܾãȴٳٵȲ廹һϽκԳ˿ȻΪ٣Щ˵ԣԸ̫
ǾӱǲпսôȻǴġǳڶİ壬Ϊ˱ȫ¹˴ԼбҪٳ壬¾
ܴٳɴսԵɣʵȫԵġ
ã
¹˴û˵꣬ĿйâͻȻһӣԥľܾ˳¹˴Ľ飺
黹Զûһ
һɲǣܼž˳ԾĿ壬ȻⷭٶԤϡ
ȴûˣǰ˼Խǰıֱˣһɽµķ򡣰ڶɽһƬæµľ
϶һµһƮĺС
ǿһĻ񷴶ǰδеļ㣬
κζģǸ޷ѵ֧Ҳһ
ʯ䣬ͷӹԺһɲǼ䣬Ժ˺ܶܶࡣȴģһġ
޷ѵЩȻټӥǶټһֱʲô֮ݡһ磬ȴϤͨĶˡ
ֻЩԶûôӴѡ
ڤڤ֮УĶ˼·ԽԽҲԽԽֶһǻ˴˸ȦӣнӴġ
ҲûзϮ˵¼ʷ伮ͼ˲ֹ¡
ǵãʱЩáסҰġνĴ׵ģҲһЩҩľ޴ıըѡ
仰˵ĶʵǶرǾ޴رеġ
ͻȻһƬѩ
Ҳ˶ڴһ֪ԼжǶԵģôòνġסΪиõĶ
뵽¶һ˿Цݡ
Խ
ͻȻڵ
ĩڣ
˾㵵ĿУͳйַԽ˫ֿȭ̤ŲӴӺٵ˹
Ҹ㣬а취֧ŵ۾ǰĻƿңжٵİտɱֻ󣿡
ʵ
ôܣ
ʧ󣬰϶ڽҲһĳԾ
۾ǾΨһ㣬κ˶뵽ĵطگô벻ˣЩΪģȫλı
߾ɽûΪʲôô϶ƿΧЩ
͸ңܻǲ
ɫһ

һݣæͷ뷢ȫԾ׼о˫ۡõĻ
ж٣
ĵͷٴε
ʮ֮࣡

ƺͶͻԼ߾۹ͬȻûôĶֺ֣ҲԴ˳£Ǿл൱Ķĸ֡
Ψһ⣬Ϊ֮ս⣬Ѿ˴֣µҲˡ
Щͳͳйõļ
岻ɵ
ĩ
ܿȥ
ȵ뿪ĿһתһԵĳ¹˴ˡ
½ѾʵǿĽټһҪǵİ

¹˴оɲЩϵ׷ǳĺʵȫԵסֹһոѾˡ¹˴Ϊʲô廹ôİգһȥټе֡
û⣬ȥ졣
Ȼɻ󣬵ǳ¹˴ȴûκεĳɣδ䣬ԥתȥ
ͳ¹˴úܿ졣
ʮȫװϼͲ˼֧ǰ¹˴Ҳ϶Ķߡ
ЩһϢƴ籩ȫͳ¹˴ڲ֮䡣
Щһʲô
ɽĶѸٵھע⣬ڵɽ˵ھעĽ㡣紵ݶһĶ˵ע⡣
ҪҪֵǶ
ԣһС
ߣŪ飡
ЦһɽĶмһˡʲôȻ֮ǰûгɹ֮͸Ӳܳɹ
Ǳһֽģʱ򣬾ֿ⵽ĹԵ׵ʱͰһжǽȥˡҾͲţСӻܶԸǵľţ
ɽĶ򣬶ȫ֮Աǡ
˵ЩӵĻǶ׽ľٶȴȫͬ
˵ҲеȥֵϼӷԲܳκεĲ
ǣ

ӣ𣿡
ɽϣ˶һľɡ
ΪĻ̫˾ȣ̫˼ˡôӴľޣôǿȻ㣬ֱ˼顣
ңԭ
Щԭʼɭľ޾֮ڵİ϶֪࣬һû뿪ʦӴûȥ֪ģ
ӲǿЦɣңʹܸǣϢǴ֪𣿡
¹˴û˵϶Ķ쵹ǿˡ
˵жԸŵķӵǴġҪ֪ǵݣͨҲǡ
һ˶ԥĹġ
ֻǣ˵ôЦ
һͷ
ǿʲôЦôľޣ侳ǿˣȻ˵ԺǡôⶼϷ


594 ս֮ߣ
Ǻǣ˵һɤӺַȷʵƵگİš
屳֣һ΢Цһ˵ţһ
Խ׼𣿡
һнӷԸ
৵һ¿ָ֮䡣ͬʱৣһΧһͲΣ׷״ӱϼ
½
Ŀһת˳¹˴Ȱ϶Ķ졣ɫ˿ķ
ǣӣ
һ˺ܿѡ˳ӡ
岢ֻڼӵĽӵܣ˴󶼻³ƣҲûаڳʲô󶼻ļӣǸദһʱ䣬ڽҲףײʲôˣһʲô£;Բݷ
һɲǼ䣬˵Ŀⶼеһ飬ļеɽµķ
¡̳һһµĸǽıĿ磬ѲһȦܿ˼ͷСɽ߹ľ
ʼ
Ŀкһ߾յֱͻȻ֮Ѹ͵Ļ¡ɲ֮䣬ĳźţɽϣ϶Ķͬʱ֡
𣡡
һŭХ紺ըɽս϶Ķ׼ļʮͷͬʱʱġ
¡¡
籩һϯϯɳʯʮɸߡŵһگʿ׷׺ˡȻ벻Ļں档

ûκεףһͷͷӴֲǧǽľͻȻ֮ܵ޴ľһͻȻ𣬾

𶯣ЩͻȻܱΧɲǣһ֧֧˲Щ֮СһЩûûЩĴ
¡¡ɽ˾ĿУЩӴǿޱȵľһɽһͻȻƽɽĵȥ
ˣ
𾪣𾪣
ЩôصĵȥʱΧŵگʿˡ
ⲻܣ
һɲǣΧʿ֣Ժ֮һƬհסڶگӵоأ䳬Ȼĵλ
аŵʿѾһ
ֲ˼Ӵеگ˶˲ĥӡ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽ڸ˺ءӲİɫ֮ЩӴľȻ׵ıһɱ
ȻԶԶǽ
һЩˣҲеĴ󶼱䴩ԶһЩʱúƤ赲ȻǱĿʼ

춯ص˻Уһگʿľ֣Ŀһֻ޴Сɱ͵̤£˲䱻ȳһࡣ

ҵĴˣһͷͷ˲䱩ҽäĿı״̬ûпõһͷһؾڱ£жȻԱѸ͡ݡ
飬ֻһգۣŵʿܲȫ̤ࡣԽԽ졣
ԭΪ˱ʿʱ򷴶Ϊ˾ܺߡ
ôܣЩȻĺ
ɽϣ롢޼¹˴˼ѣһ־ϲԼ۾
죡ʱ̡ܶץᣡ
һӶߴ侲ޱȡ
һоͬԼԤϵȻӴ󣬵ھ޴Ĳͳ̶ȴʹһģһġȻսЧȴû˿Ĳ
Ϊ߾Ӧʼձһ侲ǵģԶҪֻб侲ڹؼʱǵѡ
𣡡
ҡػΣƺƣһβٷԸ¹˴Ѹ˾ϡ϶佫۳ɾ޴סһȺȺ

ŭһ뵹£һٴνͬı֮СЩ۾ڣȻܰʿ
ھʹݼ£۾ʲôҲеľʶĽ൱˷йĵˡһͷ侳ľߣͷװ˳ص׵ʱֿµġ



Ĳҽ쳹սСɽľܼսбߣһʿͳΪҰеӣƬƬĵ£ѪˮѪͬӿ¼˳˼Ĺͷ
Ƭս˲޵㡣
죡ֹǣ
һȺȺʿ֣һЩʿͼĹЩľ󡣵һìǹ
ھͬѥɦһûܰѾڹ˲䷴Լɳȥˡ

˻˷һƬսһƬҡ
ɽϣ塢϶Ķ佫Ϊ׵ַɽϲϵĵץסʱѸٳ
ϣ
ϣ
죡
ʱ䲻࣬ǻңõʱ

̶ʱڣȥʮದ꣬мûκεͣĸЧ֮ǰսĵصѡɽϵĺô˿̾ͳֵ¶˳
ڸƵӴɽ˴֮Ұޣ淢ʲôŵʿֻ˲ҽԼŭûӦʲôѾˡ
ͬĲԣͬĹʽȴԲ㡣

زͣĲ桢桢桢棬ϡһɽ͵µͣĴÿһһͷмС
̶ʱڣٶٶͷ׷׵У
ϾǶٴҲܺȡֻҪҵǵ㣬ǾشһܰɽȻҲһܹ׵Ļɱ
ˣˣˣ
ϣ־ŭ˶ˡ֮ǰĲƣ޲ߵĿԼεΧĸǽڣ꣬ʧٶͷת̫ˡ
죡
һ仰׼ƴȫ˳
ȶ׻Ҫ𾪵ģһĸ޷٤졢θȫԼگ佫Ⱥŵأ˶ˡ
ΧһƬţռֱϢ
жν˱
ȴƼžĻ̫ӷ٤졣Ž費ףһǧͷ󻨷گľǲ׽Ͳˣ˵ʮѵ
һֱôȥžͻʵһ
𣡡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ڴʱͻȻһ춯صıӶϷʱĴ˳¹˴ǵı
ͬʱ춯أʷǰްĴҲɽϴͶϷײһ
ءϡͨҲڳˡ
սϣȺһ궯Ǳغϡͨһ֣ʱࡣ
ˣʱһɣ
ɽϣŲֻȥİţ˻֣һĹֶԽԶЧԽ
ңֹؽڳ䲻⡣׼һоȫͬˡЧҲۿۡ
ţ
˵仰߾ĵģûһ㷴Ӧͺյģûһһתͷһ۾Ϳ˶ĿԼ¹˴롢޼ȫˡ
ôˣ
üЩ


595 սҹ̽
ӣһ֮ǰͻˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬¹˴һӶ֮˳ǰ£һ񡣶һδϣа϶佫ͳͳһ
̧ͷ¿壬һ˫˫۾Ǿȡ壬غ۷
ϵ佫گİŶŵģǸ޷ＫΪصһ֧ӣҲսΪµһ֧ӡ
֮ǰս˶Ѿۼʶˡ
˭Ҳû뵽˶ֶľһֻ⣬ֻֻ֪ƬצʱȻѾ뵽취ɵĴǡ
ֱѾԽ
ӣܸǣô֪־޺𣿡
ǰһ
֮ս֪ԸŵַһоͻȫͬٲᱻЩ̤ôˡ
ȻþӾǣ㲻ѧʶ֮Ԩǻ֮ȴѾﵽ̾Ϊֹĵط
ǺǣʵҲѲ¡־ܴ󣬵۾ȴСĲ˼飬Ҳͱһ㡣Ȼ۾㡣Ȼ۾ˣ˵ҲˡҾ뵽Ķ䡣
屳˫֣ȻһЦһ䣬ǾԲ˵ġ
츳Ȼ
һ϶Ķ춼Ǿ첻ѡ
Ȼ򵥴˿ȫ֡䣬׵ĺˡ


ȻѾֹͣǰŵ黹ԶԶûнЩߵľȺкֱһսŵ˼ȫߵľɵġ
ٶǧھı֮С
ˣŵ˻취Щߵľ
ûоİŸƲϰš
£ô죿ҪĴȥ𣿡
£ĩȥɣ
ĩԸȥˣ

گ˵о佫쳣ļ׷Ҫս
վ͵Ϊֹɣ
޷ﳤ̾Ϣһһѵõ¶ƣ֮ɫ֮ǰʯŵսܣٵİսܣεʧܣս߰ˣλگĻʵҲһӰ
ڽҲսˣҼ˹صĴ࣬ע֮ϰɡ
ǣ£
˷׷׹ͷ
ڶ޷ĵλͬƵʥһ㣬Գ档κһʲôõʵĹ᳹
⣬νôˣ
޷
νѾȶ
һگ佫֪޷˵ǡ١
Ҳȥɡ
޷˵һӣ뿪о
뿪ͬʱϷҲһĺŽǵġءãã˹شͬ˳һ㣬뿪ڵɽͣȥ
گҲĬȥ
һʱ֮䣬ڵɽΧճ˴Ƭĵش
ӣˣ
ɽϣƺƣӥɽͻȻڵ
ţҲˡ
̧һͷɫЦǡ깥šһ֮ʹĲĲȫˡ
ʱ֪ˣһ£̫
ޡغ͸޷Щ֮ؾص³ͬһεҪӵġ
κҪһ˵ⷭǻᱻ֮Աǵġǵ˵ⷭȴûκ˾òԡ
ѾԼжֵ֤Լ˵ⷭʵʸ
϶ĽǶûз֣֮УеĵλѾ˺սһµϺͨ
ȥջ
ǹӣҪǳûô죿
ӥ
ߣǸң
Цһ˷䣬תߡսҪǽ廹Ͳʱ

ǳӰڳЦǰ
ɽĴ𣬻泤ͻȻڵĿȴǿһԵĴޣ˼ǳԣ˵ڳЦ˹ˣ˵ƴޡ
ʲô취ˣ
޿Ц
ǣ䣿
һšߵλϵĴ࣬Ϥˡ˭ҪΪĻ䣬ǾǴشˡ
ЩΪ޻ʾˣڹȥʱѾʬٹǻһѻˡ
٣³ڵʱֱʱ򣬾Ի߾衣
СȷʵС³ڵʱ򣬶ܰұƵֵز
һ仰޵üͷ
һԵĻҲĬˣʹ޺꣬ڴϤˡʣⷭȷʵ֮ԡ
ܵõۣѾֵ԰ˡ

ҹɫĺɫ
ս˳֮УֻһѶѵĻҹɫȼգȼųͬǰĹâʱ䣬ˡگˡ˹ల£ѵõƽ
ˣ
ҹɫΪʱ˭Ҳûע⵽ӰϢĳɽ档
ˣ
һӰ˫ڴϣǽϵ˹غɣհۣͣͳͳ
ÿһ˶ɫࡣ
飬ھ͸Ӳˡ
Сӵʲô
ۿǰ̧ͷɽһ·ɽһġͨԼʮɳͬɽĵطûһ¸ǽеֻǳǧҲĴСС޼
Щ޼߸ߣСĲĴָСһȫͳͳݡʮƣ޼ɽйγһֱٲĺɫġӡ
ɽĳǽ֮УľԵرۡ
ѵΪǲϲˣû㹻ĸǽ𣿡
󷽣һ˹زĽ쾪ɵ
ܣ㿴ǶôĲϣɸǽѵͨɣ
հ
廢лֻʣһˣͳͳǴۺɣеĺˣɣ̫հ͡
Ϊ廢֮ףհ;ڼǿĴڡ
Ȼˣô϶ʲô⡣ǸСӿҪʲô¡
ͻȻڵ
ôͻأһӡҪûĹˡ
ɣĹ⻷Щ⻷ȫˣ𣿡
ͻȻڵĿ⡣
ǿԣֻǲ̫ס
ɣ¶Ϊѵɫ
ЩСС˼ġôҵܹת˷ǳޣҲǳľ޴󡣶˰ĻûǣܵӰ죬һҲᾪɽϵˡ
ңЩʵ̫ˣҵ·ǳޡ
ɣʵɫϡԵЩ


596 սҹϮ
ϵҲ޵еģ֮ǰ޼롢¹˴Ǵʱɣࡣңٻ˱Ҳġ
Ҫ̵ЩССʮƵգɣٻһٶͷҲһ겻޵
ĬȻٴ̧ͷɽķĿ˲ϢͷȻڵҹɫʲôҲǴȴȻǵӰվɽһıʲô
ִưϵô꣬³ʮ꣬ȴûһôô͸ĸо
ÿʱỵ̈Էƺ˳֮С
ôԼвһֻ㱣ͻ㱿һԼһ
һа
ĬƬ̣һԵհͣ
׼𣿡
ش࣬Ѿ׼ˣǧƥսѾȫگṩĲ
հͳ
ܺãǾͿʼɡ
޶ȻĿѸٱսֻڰ죬ҹͬǼҵսͰ첻ͬû˰Ұ϶ķۿۡ
رѡҹ˯ʱ򣬾׼ʱϮӪ
¡
޸ոһ£ͻȻ֮䣬һ죬Ϸ죬ɱһƬԶԶȥԼԼԿһֱֻɱ

ͬʱսڣһ˹صĴٷ糾ֱͣ˹
࣬گܵҹӪ
仰һ˵ɫͻȻþޱȡŽӪʱȴȽگ˵Ӫ
ô£ѵگûκ׼𣿡
΢΢һЩŭ
޷Ҳϵ۾뢣˷ִҲͰˣôҲˣ
ǣ϶˴˹˵ף
ٴҴææ
ৣ
仰һհ͡ɣ۰ǰĴ৵ɫͱˣ׷ױѿޱȡ

հ͵һȭͷľ죬ɫޱȡ
ѾǵһνˣöҲ֪ע⡣쵰ӪҲˣȻװǵӡ
گ϶ǵݣŻᱻɹӪ
䣡
ڽگбʵʱ򣬺¡һܣһ׵ĺɱֻһΣǴگﴫģǴɽϴġ
ɱץס˹ˣ
ˣ
㣬ǵӪ룡

һɽϴǴ޻ڽɫѿޱȡ
ϵˣ

˶ǰĴޣȴûκһ˵

ӣЩһϵˣ
ɽϣڵҹɫУɽϣɽܵĻ⣬˹Ц
ŵ㼴ȱ㣬Ƕ̴ԭѧĽӪ֮Ըƣֻ˵Ҵˡ
ɽ£һ΢Ц
ȻʲôԿ϶޴˿ɫضǳʡ
˹ûʲôѩɽȻλȻԻڱһϣҲֻһƬ֮ءԭǱ֮أԭǧ۵ıĻȣǴѩɽҲҳݣֵһᡣ
ȻǸϲҹϮӪĴడ
ʧЦѡ
ϲҹϮӪӪ˵ʲôܡʱӪ˼Ѿ൱ˡ
ֻϧ塣
ֻǷһû޻ϵӪˡ
ô
ʵ
չӵķԸ׼˳о󲿷ֶɱˣ˵ֻһǧ˲
һĽ
ˣ߰ɡ⣬ԸȥսЩ˹ˡگˣǵ׶ռһ¡Ȼ֮ǰѾùһˣֻҪڣһоͻõϡ
ǣӣ
ٺܿתȥ
սɽսĴʱܶѡ񣬻ɽȥ߶ĳطǶ˵ЩȻǿֵõĶ
Ȼʱ򣬰϶ֻܱأҹʱȫͬԸǾԲִеġҲ˳ΨһʱͬʱҲõʱ
ֻҪ˹غگˣôܲϵð˹˹گˣȻðگ˽˹ˡ
г½ǻɣ
忴ɽµĻ⣬ڵ
⣬ǣʱ˹˵ķתһȦһ˹˵ӪȻٻǣԲҪսҲҪһطͣ
ǣӣ

ӪҪڵûзʱʱֻôһɲǣһҪץסʱһҪͣǰ壬Ҫһصͣ
νӪһžߣһطͣҪȻǾͱһ˾սˡ

޼¹˴а϶ȥĽ춼ŴˣԶԶľǹЦˬޱȵЦðگ˽˹ˣð˹˽گˡҲֻó
ˣƲ̫ˡ
˹˺گֻըˣ
ȫȫѹȥˡ
йڣǰ϶ʲôµģ
԰ʲô޷ʲôθȫʲôءޣڹǰʲô

һֻֻҫڻҫУɫ죬˷ޱȡ֮սÿжѹһɽÿһ춼ǳģճص˴ֻи岻һ
ԻءϵĴ֮⣬޲ߣҹϷŪһѡ
λľͺá
ҲЦóεʤÿһĴǣ֮дʿÿ˹衣
ҲǳȥӪԭ֮һ
ȻǰŸˣ˺Ǽ䣬Ҳüͷ
֪֪ˣսΪҲ˽⣬ûϵҲѡڴʱӪԲŻ˵һ٣λǧҪ⣬ܻغʹ޶֮
Ȼ˴Լܸˣ˶СӻءǾ鷳ˡغʹ޵Ǵģġ
ϵĵ۹ͻ³ͺβǣôܶԸĽɫ
ʤҲСǡ
ΪǣΪ֪غʹޣθȫ͸޷ǲ֣Ϊڻǳֵʱѡ
һǸʱ򣬽ľս
Ǵƣگ˹ضκε·ԡǸʱҲԲӡ
ǣӣ
Ļ˺ȻӦǣ൱ľء
ҹӦòˡһȥϢɡע⾯䣡
ǣ

һҹƽԤһǴޣǸ޷ﶼûзµսǷĲԷЧð˹غگʿ˷ʤҵЧķ֮ǰ˫ҹóȻ


597 սѣ
࣬ǵʲôʱ򷢶ܹ
˹ص˧Ӫ޷θȫ٤죬ף˹صĽȫһ
ٵһȣڻʱ򡣡
նɵ
ⷭگнֳһ˿ŭ˭Ҳ˵ʲô
Ȼ˫ƽȵģ˶֪սָӲگˣ˹صĴޡ
еĽƻȫɴƶ
ѵ໹ûСӵĵϸ𣿡
޷üͷ
ҵǸСչ¶ıκ֪Ľ춼ȫȻͬҪ̽һ£޷ûзԡûۣһӦˣҲ൱ڽսľȨܹʱ˴ޡ
Ȼ˳ŵ޷һȥҲ֡
һ̽Ӱ쵽ϣگѾʧ̫ˣرϵǳҹϮ˵ŭ𶼽Ҳǳԭ
˭Ҳû뵽˶ѾִˣȻϮǡֱǳ衣
ôĸۣ޻˵ûлκεϢûСӵĵϸǸ޷ЩԽܡ
࣬㶫
޵ĿƳ޷Ц
֪Խܣϸ룬ں֮ϣİʯ׵Ļ˰϶⻹ֻ϶ԹɳݣӦò˹˲֣گ˾ѾԻˡʵ𣿡
޷گһӳĬ
Ȼ̽گҲǿĽǰʯţǰŶû˿֣Ͷ֮սȣ˵گȫͬһս
սĽȴԤ෴
ٴһ仰ǶԵģ޷Ҳòϣİ϶ȷʵǰǲһġ
Ǵ࣬ʱǲŷڵĴƳ鲻֣ȥƾͲһˡ
޷ӵ
گڶ֮ϻˣƾʮگ˳Ըʮ뿪ǳأҰƽԭİ϶һսʤ
ڣگ˹ˣڸ޷￴ͬΪռžԵƣԽӽʮľԸʮ򲻵İ϶бʤ
ԶԼھϵƣһδεֻ̽ǲϵɥʧԼơڰ϶Ӧһӵϣƣ׵Ľǡ
ѵĲԡ
ܶʹõʲôھԵǰͳͳֻǵСѡ
֪ҹʧ˲ٱкܷŭȴǷŭʱԵĶֱҪܶࡣ
ڸ޷ǰҲˡ
֮ʵʵ³ȻųƴƵĵ۹ͻҲܰǱƵֵز
³ϼ޻ĻǡǵĻֱԱȣһͳˡ
޷ֱ˵
³˾ԲԼּ˱ƵĵزԸ񣬸Ͳһ˿һĿɳ֮
ϻ³޷ǻһ˿һľϵĵ۹ͻ³ͺβǣôܶԸĽɫΪˣ³Ͳֻᡣ
ȫַ
Լ䵽صģԲϼ޻ųƵ۹ͻ³һ䵽أ³Ҳ죬ɽϵǸСȴˣ
ǺǣȻСӷǳҲ̫ߡ
ȻһЦָסһǣһ¶Ӫڲ֪ʲôʱɵһɳ̣ɳϵɽرĸߴ󣬶Ҳرϸɽһ¶µĸǽԼɽ±εĸǽԼ˱ȫ档
࣡
ϸɳ̣Ӫ˶΢΢ݡ
쵽ڣô̵ʱ䣬˭Ҳûע⵽޾Ѿôϸµһɳֹ̣۲Чʣ˶̵ӡ
Ǻǣ
ֻһЦ֪֪˲ܰսʤ쵽ڣҲʲôû
ǸСӵĲԣѾ֮أͰ󲿷ֵطƽԭɽһԽĳٶȣ԰ƽ͡жٱɽܹͬʱɵı޵ġ
仰˵ǻʮܹͬʱıҲ޵ġ
Ӫ˶üͷ
֮ǰʱ򲻾ãϸ룬ǸСӿǹѡ
СӲҲܼ򵥣ĵΣЩǽĽһǳأͱóսսӦöˡ
گ
ǲϵøΣһһ֮䣬ƻǵΡ׷ǾͻʧȥΣ׷ֻҪ֮ǰٴʩչһͿˡ
ô죿
޷üͷگѾַĥ˽ʮˡʣַȻ򵥣ȴǳʵá
رǣǸСԽһսѾõ˳뻯ĵز
ûзֱΪֹϺͨһֱûжڣҲԸܹⷢҪһһܹսĺʵĻһǿзܹĽҲˡѵҪǸĴ𣿡
޿Ÿ޷
ӪڣگĽ죬޷ڶĬˡⳡսѾ㾡گеĹʮȴگȫ
ȫԺӦԴƿܵĹңһޣûо޹ıگͱ˹صĳˣѡ
˼أ
һͻȻǸ޷ȴһֱûô˵ĶθȫԴӽʣθȫʹû˵ʵǣگ˹ؽ˵ĹУθȫͼԼ
ܶʱǶĴڡ
ǵθȫһڣǸ޷٤죬گ죬ȫȻȻĽԽ޴ң޷ﶼû顣
ʱ䣬֮ٸǴ𸴡
޵
ã
θȫֻ˵һ仰춨Ļ

һĨǰ״ӶܲսŨܵϣ֪̫Ψһ취
ҰУһƬž
ɽ͵Ķˣһ˷һɹɵ۶ûڡЩľ֮УһѭתһεΣȻͣ
ǲһ㰡
峤̾Ϣһ
սѾﵽǳҵĵزڸоǱһֳ嶯һʱܹƵĳ嶯
̽ͷСģս֮ܿҲȻȻͬʱҲȻȡİ취Ϊơ
Ȼֹϵʱľȴ侳۷壬ٳûͻƹȥ


598 սѨΣ
Щɱ¾رɱ˹޵һڻ˴ѪЩѪιȴٳûа취ת侳
ΪʲôͻƲˣǰʥ侳Ϊ侳˵һ⣬Ϊʲôȴٳͣ侳ѵΪСּȡѪԭ򡣡
а
컯ϱӺųа֮ףҲʮǰеľѧٶ֮񡣲ˣ˵ʵžѧȴ̫˽⡣
رžѧھͻʱ⡣
Ҳûʹʦаˣžѧ侳ôͻƵġ룬һʧߡϸ룬ֻʦаҲ뵽ôĴﵽ۷壬Ҫͻ侳ĵز
ΪϾҪɱߣȡǵ廹ֻһʮĺӶѡ
ϸ룬־ЩףڤڤУ˴ƾ̸Լġ
̥ǰġǡǡ湦֮һ͡컯а෴㣣ѵΪͬʱааŻ⣿
ǡǡ컯ǿ湦ϱӸûнӴĶ
湦ܶǿһŶûܽӴ˵ͬʱˡ
ڣоԼһδģԴȵĵ·
˰벻վ
ӥҴôˣ
ӷ˹ӵҩѾ˺ܶࡣ
ӥ
š
˵ͷܿ˽ȥ

۲쵽𣿡
Ұĵطһŵζ
شˣѾʼ췹ˡ
һگ˶󹧹󣬻ˣǸ޷ɹ޵Ǵġ
ϸ۲ǵ
޵ӦȥѸٵʧԶ
û֪ʲôǲܸ޷ﻹǶθȫ˭û˵ʲô
һ죬һֱ˴ɽ͵ĸ۲찲϶ÿյ֮޵üͷ
ôࣿʲôˣ
޷
⼸ȻʲôûǴһжӲķֻۣǣ޲˵޷Ҳ֪ʲô
Щ
޵üͷ˴Σ˵ø޷ﵱһ
ǵ֮ǰ˵𣿿ǸӲֹ˴ĸǽһ׼˴ľ
ôܣ
޷رɫ
϶˴ĸǽѾԶԸˣдľǺް취ˡ
Ϊ˿϶
̫ӷ٤̲ס
»ǵð϶ΪʲôҪͻΧ𣿡
޵
ȻΪǾòô
ҵĹǵľԳŲסһ죬ڸͲһע⵽һֱ˹۲ǵȻһʱ䣬˵ûм١
ɫһƬء
˵˵ľԱ֪Ķö࣬Ǿ㹻ĴŸô
һ¶θȫҲס΢΢üë
ʹ޽Ӵ࣬λ˹ش󽫵·ҲǺ˽⣬ȻǶθȫҲûϵ޾Ȼ˵￴ôණ
֮ǰֹ֮뷢ܹҪ̽˵ľȻߣһж뿴ķչˡ
޵
˺ٿɫأ˷ӣǺ׼Щȫļƻ
Ƴﱸʱôģ࣬һǾš
̫ӷ٤
˵ģֱ˼ˡ
ѾûˣǸСѾӹɵġ
޴˿̵ɫѿޱȡ
İ϶گ˹أ޶ûô⣬ǵжϳӵ㹻ľ޶ʱƽˡ
ΪζͰ϶˺ǳ־ÿ
ѵûʲô취𣿡
ƽʱǲôģʱҲ̲ס
룬һ취ġ
޻˻֣ԵЩķҡ
ȳȥɣҾ
ӹһ˿׾ǣʹ޺ô꣬ټƵֵز
ȳȥɡ
ش˺ܿ뿪Ӫʡ
ڣ޶һӪ˭Ҳûȥšû˵ȴ̫ãԼڵڶʱִڴӪ˳

˻ûг֣һˬʵĴЦӪﴫ˳յһɨա
࣬ô
˷׷ӭȥ˵ʵķӦǰѴһ
ǲҵİ취ˣ
޷ﰺ˹
һֱ˶ţһз紵ݶ͵õϢˡ
Ѿҵǵˣǧ㣬Сվ©һ㡣10ʱ䣬ұضһԸ
޹Цɷ
ʶࡣ
޷һο
λ˧飬˹غگн
ҵ˵𣿡
٤˫۹âڣһ˷ܵ
ҵСȻҲûŲߵĵزɽʧߵҲ
٤졢סۡ˶Ӫ߳Ĵޣһ
ָ̡
٤һǫ
ûƽԭܾˮ̫ӵ㣬ɽҲܾˮ𣿡
޴һگ̫ӷ٤춼סˣհҲһԺԼ˧˼
ֻл˼ƺʲô
˵ȱˮ𣿡
һθȫͻȻڵ

һࡣ
׵ã˳ճˮãջѵͲˮô
ϲǸΨһõˮԴǼǰµǳ꣬׼ˮҲһ࣬Ҳһ˾˵á
б׼˴ˮҲԲ̫࣬10죬10죬ǵˮԴõ߰˰˲ˡʱǽʱ

Խ˵۾Խ˵޷Ҳ̲סɫ
ޣҹȻûпȻƵߡ
޷ЦյĽһɨա
ˣ£ĩͻȻһǰҹϮʱº㷢˲ˮ
һگͻȻʲôڵ
һ䣬նʱȻͬȷɣʡ

ӣɽµжˡ
ɽһͻȻ
վǰȥȻɽȥֻɽ£ûʲôͻȻ֮䶯

ӹһĨɻɫ
ȻûȶãֿһӰ˳һƮƮȣĿޱȡ


599 ս޵ļƻ
ޣ
а죬Ѿüûмλ˹صĴˡν߲ƣ߲ʱ߳϶ûʲô¡
࣬
ȿڵ¡¡쳹˷
ӣΥˡ
޷ƵеȣЦӯӯġ
޵͵ؿһʱЦó˴ݣйŹ֡
鲻
岻ɫ
Ǻǣ⼸Ҳܰݰ
ЦеԽķɡ
ʵձ߹һ仰ġ
Ŷ
˼
໹°
ǺǣӲҪᣬڹʵ൱ġ
ϵЦԽԽŨеӷԽԽ
ʨӳǣǣӵԶ츳ʵӡ̣óбֻǱһ䣬ӵˮ׼Ҳ𣿡
˵һ䣬һգЦ
ˡ
ͫ׽Ȼɫ
ԶޱһգٴʧӰ٣ֻĴЦ쳹ս
ɽͶˣһɫޱȣһ紵ȴ溮ޱȡ
ôˣ
ӥӺ˹ĵ
ˣ
Ժֻʣͷ
еļƻһ޴ô޷ֲģǾˮԴ֮ؽˮ٣֮ǰһѾǼΪˡ
ǽʮ˳ճȴǲò⡣
ȻˮԴ͸һ岻͸һˮΪ˶Ը˹غگ彫սĵصѡɽͣʹӲ׻ȡˮԴ
һζ޷ֲġ
һֱڼһ㣬ǵվǱ޷ˣ
֮й
£ͻȻڵ
ӡ
֮ñԤеĻҪöࡣ屳֮һ֮ɫɲ԰ףǱӥĻ˯Ѩ˯֮վɫ˺ܶࡣ
ҲһЩܹǿ壬ѪĵҩվǲһЩá
ǰǵˮԴж١ô׼˶٣ôֶã
Ĭõ
Ѿˣ׼˴ˮˮֶϾ⣬еһˡ⣬ǰչӵķԸɽܶطˮء֮ǰıҲ˲١
оǣ֮ǰǰ︽ھˮԴս֮ǰǰԣʵǵˮ൱
⣬֮ǰҹϮҲگ˲ٵˮ
˾ÿöȱϾһСٶˮԴҲվǱˮнõġ
֮
˾ˮֻ֪û֪ΪľǱ⣬ĿֻšˮֶʳһƲۣÿ춼õ
ջճãսȫٲˡ
ûгˮԴǻģұʳҪؼǣѡɽϾսѾעˮԴΪԵȱݣ޷ֲ
ƣɼá
޿Ѩ
ңּܼˡ
ƽ
ʮʮ죡
֮
Ƕã
üͷٴε
ʮ죬죡
֮ԥһ£ҧҧ˵ࡣ
ৣ
һӥɽ٣˶ɫ֮ǰ޳ʱ˾Ѿо
ֻ֪оˮ˲֪Զء
һɲǼ䣬ɽޱȡ
ȻɽȴǾĵģ˶սͣһֶҶ˵
ԣ֮Ǿͻٽ𣿡
ӥһǵ
òž죬죬죬Ǿͻᷢ޲ȵˮԴùŷġ

޲ôʱģ޷Ҳôʱ䡣ʱ䣬ͻԵˮţսÿյãԵı仯
Ȳ֪ʲôǴԾ֪һ㣬ԲԼġ
˵죬һĶ񻯣ʿԵ𵴡սáʿãἱ٣ÿ˶ܸоֱ仯
ƫƫֲܲô
ΪһıԣˮôԴ޵磬һıԣӳٵ죬߷ôӳһ㣬ô϶ˮԴٶȽǰֲ졣
һˮôȴĽǰһ;
ӣҪھͿʼˮƣֵܼʮ졣
֮̽ŵ
ã
ԥ
ڸıԣʿ䣬òŵ죬Ͼͻᷢ⣬ҪĿʲô
ӥһԵĳһӦ
֮ǰͺ˵һսսս棬ս˵Ŀǵֵ
սԡ
սĽ־һսʤܣ˵һⳡ֮սʤأǾǡ͢
֪󲮺ǱʲôûУ
а
ȷʵ˥ˣ˼õ̫ƽôƽʧȥǷڵĴƣԿ϶ضΧǿء
ͻʡ߾ʳ֧ԼЩĶԼǱڵĶ֣ǣƴƵı
ǴվǴƣϰĻ۰
ţֻҪԼסһʱ䣬͢Ǳ߳ǿɳһֻԮġ

ô
˹صӪ⣬˾۾һã޺͸޷ǰغͶθȫںȻԶӪɽʷǰ̾ᣬبǰ
˵ĿȫŴޣɽĴ̡
ƾÿ͵ʱ˫ͳ˧׼ʱ֣һѾеһ澰
ȣһ㶼ûм١˵ڶûйˮ
٤һ߽ӻ
ڴƾʦΪʣһʱ䣬ڱѧеĶԡжϵķʽҲ˽һЩ
Ǹӵĸ֮
̾ϢԵ޶ʵ൱͵ġһУȫɳ޶֪ɳʲôز
ҲΪˣԽӲ뿪ˡ
ڵĴƾӣѾ˵ĻɡھͿʼˮƣȻЩˮõóһЩǴֻſھͻῪʼʱԽԽءȲˮĶࡣ
𣿡
̫ӷ٤
Ȼûá
޹Ц
ڲʲôѾûˣѨٴҲһ޼¡
ȴʱѾˣգǷܹʱ򡣡
޷Ц



600 ս֮ϣ
ڶագ޺͸޷ÿնڹ۲죬϶ʼûм١Ѿ΢ĸıˡ
ڸ޷ʹΪһֱʱ򣬵ȴһ벻顣

һֻ޴Ÿīų򻮹˹صĴӪС
ǶϢ
޿һŸϵı־ȡ°ȣһ˿ɻɫ˹ص۹ĶȻǴƵ¤ˡ
Ϥŵ޹»Ͷç֧սߣں͸溲ͳ˧ıҽս
Ϥŵ޹»Ҫѹס溲ȫû⣬ڵıֻм֮޻֮޲ΪʲôʱյϤŵ޹»ǵϢ
һ˿ɻ󣬴޲˰еϢˣһ̴޻رɫ
ʲôˣ
شӺ˹
Լɡ
޽еϢ˹ȥֻֽк̵ܶһݣսѾ뿪ǣǰ¤
ˢرɫ
鷳ˡ
ޱȡ
˹ص۹£ڣ˵һ˶Ϊ֮ɵģô˾ǴƵսá
˹غʹ֮䣬쵼ļս֮У˹ؼǲҰܶ顣󽫾Ϥŵ޹»ҰõС
ĴƾһȲ㹥ϸԭռ˹ص۹
ں˵빬̫ٱ˹ص۹ٹͬ죬˶һ
˹ص۹˵õĳǸϢ
ǵʱ䲻ˣ󽫾֧Ų̫á
ɫѿ
һǴ޾޷ƿصģǾá˵ˮƽѾȫ˴ޡ
ȻҲԸⳤ־Լ磬ǹʵ˵Ϥŵ޹»ԲõĶ֡
֮ǰ˵ڰأΪ˲Ųò̫ٱְλڿȫԶﴫ
˹˵һźš
ôӾʦ¤10ʱ䣬仰˵ֻ10ʱ䳹׵Ľ϶ƽϡ
ǵüӿжˣ
һص

ʯﻹˮˮ¡
߸ߵĸǽ棬һ϶ϱ΢΢ɵ촽Աһϱֵ
ûˣûˡ
ϱеˮһˮϱһڽס
ûԼҲˣҪˮҪȼʱ淢
Ҽǵ֮ǰûˮ˵˵ǲģûˮˡ
һӱϲ˹
ɲǼΧһƬţ˶Ǳ˵ʿ
˵˵ʲô
һϱ͵ؽ߷ڵأ۹ⲻͣɽȻı򶨣ǾԼҲ¶ŨҵĲ
˷һƬĬ˭Ҳûע⵽һɲڴд
ӣ
ӥɽ硣
ĵ鷢ˣˮԶòԴˮơǰûʲôǼϴ˵Ǿ仰һоͽȻͬ
ھӥֲͨ˶ܸоõʿͼǰȽȻͬһֺ˲ļ
֪ˡ
嵭Ȼû˿Ĳ÷ĶѾˣӦô⡣
ɽµож
һͻȻɽڵص
ˣͳͳתͷɽ£֮ûмͻȻ궯ǧı˷ӿ̳촦ǹգ侪ˡ
д֮Уһͷͷɽľľ
ã
ӥɫ䡣
˹Ҫˡ
ȥȫ䱸
֮У侲һ㴫ˣսУɽɽţһƬɱ
ϣ
һɽ´ͳ˧ΪģһȦȦԻ͵Ĺâͬһɢ
ǧս⻷ָҰ
ʱʷǰĵһδģϣʮĴͬʱǹǵͬһ㣬ɽһƬŵĴƾγԱȡ
ȻɽһƬžȴԽĽš
ÿһ϶սʿεսеޱȡ

ɽϣɫأɽµʱһͻȻڶ
ף
һӦʶɽ£һߴ󡢿ΰΰɽͰӰǴȻԼԸ׵ȫ⡣
һսʱ򣬻غͶθȫͽҺڶ㲻ҪҲҪĶ֣ԶԸġ
Ͽڵ͸Щζ
ԴӵִɽͿʼϺͨһϹۣȫȨͽ塣һΡѾȫͬס
ͷгޱȡȻ׺ͨǸоεƿ²ˡû̽Ҳû˿ӣ˹غگ׼㾡ȫǡ
ѡǴƵľӳˮԴΣʿʱ
¡¡
Ũ̹Ҳɽϰ϶ȫ䱸ʱɽ͵Ķϡϣ棬棬桭طһһǿӰһϵϢ籩һ㡣
հͣ
ӥͻȻǰһ
ԣз٤죬ס

˵ĿУһһӰɽµĸհ͡٤졢סۡɣگԼ˹صĺǣһ׷׳ڹ̳֮ǳǧĴ
佫ڴʱˣһεľƾӣ


601 ս֮У
ȻʲôûзһӴѹʱ
Դӽ￪սԺֵһֱһ佫ûдģͶ佫ڣһжȫͬ
հ͡٤졢סۡɣ֮ǰսУЩ˵κһ˺ܴ鷳˵ȫ֣һ𷢶ܹ
ɽ¥һ̣㷴Ӧٳٶ۵Ҳ֪¾Ҫһսˡ
¡¡
̳ɽ棬һɸڶǰУӰΪĿ
ӣˮԴ𣿡
һЦɽ´޿һƥ˹ԱϣɽĿкЦ⡣˵շǳһԸо
ǰ漸켸ֱȣ޺ٱѹƵֵزվԼҵѨ
ӣҪ
ӥóڴս֮ǰǲ⡣
޷
˰֡أⷭЦˡ
֪࣬ҪǴģͶ˹غگҪˣ
΢΢Цһ˵ţһǰȥ
һ죬˹غگ˽ʮˣ²£һսҪˣҲһҪأ
˵ţһָĳɽµĴһȦ
ˣ
ⷭ˹˻ûʲôӦΪϾگ˾Ͳͬˣһ£ɫպ֮ǰȻԡ
Ļ˻ֻһвگ˵ȴʵʵڵľ档ΪһսĽʮ棬а˳ϵ˶گˡ
ĻЩ˵Բʲô򵥵ΣԿš
Ӻÿ࣡
ҡҡڣһ˿׾ľâòϣҲû뵽ʹʽ
Ӿٺʲôأ󣬹ӹѡֵطչսվԼԼһĹ
಻⻰˵̫𣿡
Ŀ΢٣漴Цһ
˭˭ķĹǵȴս֮˵ɡ
ǺǣҲáʣµĻҾͲ˵ˡ
˵Ŀһתһ忴һĻֻһЦû˵
ϣͨһλᣬͶ𣿡
޵쳹ս
಻ذ׷սɣ
սһƬžƬ֮ϵԼ࣬ɴ䣬û˿ת徵ء
ߣԸ
һߣ޵ͷڹ̳Уսȥ
ʼ
һŸ߿ĺţŽ쳹աХŨ̹ڽŵУһģ˹غگһſž޴ʯͷ
䣡䣡䣡
һſž޴ʯХţԶлһ޴ĻߣȻݺݵɽϡ¡¡̹һǽҵֱҵķ
Сģ
һĺ쳹ɽ壬ھʯĹ£ɽϵİ϶׷׶ܡ
ɱ
ھʯµͬʱҲ˹¡¡̳һ޴Ľƣ˸Ű⡣
֮ǰսдܣ϶նɱ߳ɵİʯٴγһȫ˵ĶҲС
ϰűϢǿ˫ĿȴޱԵ÷ǳ
ȫƽ˭Һˣն⡣
ɱͰٷ򳤣ɱʮǧ򳤣ƽ

˻Ƶ쳹սµĹ⻷һȦȦչ

棬ŭ𣬽ڰʯŵĺ棬һͷͷɽĶگʿڻ´ɽ͵ķȥ
ϸȥͻ֣ᷢЩĶ˸һ׽ɫĹâһµĽΡ
ǰսű弸ŭɱٶͷ󣬻ߵľɱǧʿ
Ϊ˶Ըˣگ˲ЩɵĹΣֵĹ
һжǳԴ޵ֱʡ
棬һŽɫ׵گʿӵЩ˲ܾ񣬻Ǿʵ˸߳࣬ɽİ϶ȶѷɫ׵ľ֮й֮
װ˾׵ģگ۹Ҳֻ̫ӷ٤Ӿš֧ȫһľ񣬶൱һֻگĽ
֧ܵ޷ֱָӣǷ٤Ҳõ޷׿ϣſԶá
ս޷Ҳڽ֧گĲӽ˷٤졣
ȫûҵ˭Ҳ
٤ȫװɽķĿȼܵս⡣
ɣ壡֮ء
٤սܣûһ̣٤ϣݻһ֣ⲻֻΪսĽ˹ޣΪԼ
һսѾڸ̫Ĺâûа취Խ֣ôõİ취ǳ׵Ĵݻ
ϣۡհ͡κ㵶еȫ˽
ǵĺ棬ǧʿãã纣޾Χɽ͡
ϣ֪ս⻷ǽ±ɢ
н죬λ׼
ɽƺƣ򶨶侲һɢɰǧ϶죬ͬһööӣ岼Ĳɽ͡
ոȥͻᷢЩƽھеķֲλãһſǶһ㡣
ɭǶǰһּǿ󷨣ܹռݹؼõĽһ̵ıݡ
̶ȵķЩ佫ʵҽǵʵ䵽
ʱûг󷨣Ҳû㹻ʱѵЩ죬ԵʩչɭǶ󣬽սһѾǴ´ˡ
䣡䣡䣡
ѤõĹ⻷ȼգһȦȦ⻷һһɽ͡ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬֧ͬһ㣬صײһ
¡¡û˿һɲǵײضɽҡɽͶһоҵĲʯͣشɽϹȥ
ɱ
ɱ

һĲǰʯţǸǿľţֿһͷ˾׸ߵĶ趯ž޴Ķ䣬ͬһ̤ųصĲӣɽ¡
飬һǧصĸǽһ˦գص˦ɽ¡
һֻֻצɳԶԶعס˾޴ĸǽʮ˹صѸٵתͷֻУǽ£̳ȴõگʿ˳Ƴȥ
еĴ֮УϬĪհˡˣһصӹգ֮ҽ󣬲֫ϱ裬̵ĸǽҲһȱڡ
հ͵ĹѾǿһ˼ĵز֮ΧȫһƬѪ
ǺǺǣνƣҲˣ
հЦһһɽȥĲӺȴ쳣ļᶨƺûʲôֱֹܹհǵӰ


602 ս֮£
飡
һ޴صɽϣ򵥵һȴ֮հͶ̲סü
հּͣˡ
һͳɽ𣬺ƵĿУͷɢĳӭ趯ʯӲϣһ˫󺣰

հɫ΢ͣ˽Ų
ϴĿףͰ϶Ȼͬʵأ˳ޱûκص㡣
ʵҲǰ϶ˡ
мЩ˺һ佫ͬûһְٰھеĵλҲȲϡ
֮һֻߵһҵļҳʱ򣬱үӾŹɵߡ
ЩȫǾǧѡĸ֣ϲμӾеʱЩ˼Ӱ롣ϵӰһ
ϲڵʱȡϣӦκͻ״
ʨӳΧһ£հͼɱ񣬷ɱֱ֣Ŷס档
ļһ
հͫһսе䵶˲ͳȥ¡ͳȥͬʱâһһ޴Ӱħһ㸡

ֵˡ
˫ҽսʱɽ͵ı˭Ҳûע⵽һСȴӰɣͷһʮɿɽµġ޼ٲ¶һ˿ĪЦݡ
䣡
ɣһͻȻһ̤£䣬һεĲ˷չ
һ̣ɽϵĻ涸ȻһתһͷͷˣɰǧͻȻӡ޼ٲվЩһۣѸٵΧ޼
飬Щ˼ɽϵ޼ͣӵɽ£һжٶޱȡ
ˣ
ɣĿһתѸٵ׼¾޴ĸǽָſʼٻ
ɣ
𣡡
¾޴ĸǽͬڻһŤ޴ĺУʷǰްĸ˰εض͵ɽȥ
˵ļ룬ٶӿࡣ
·忪Ǽѵͨ
ɣɽϣЦսЩ޼ʱڣļƻɲֹսϻǶѡ
ЩˣɣѸٳɽԾȥ

һʷǰսǿѾԶԶ֮ǰκһս˷ͬһӿ
Ȼ֮ǰҲֹʯʮ飬һεȴԶԶҪöࡣ
ÿһ϶ʿѹΧʿȻÿһжһܣЩܴ˿ȴ𶯣ܼĹҪȫĹϡ
ֹˣһ߽һɽϷõĸǽһѹ˵Ļռ䣬ʹð϶ĴԽԽӡ
ˡ
Ӹ£սȻڣһлڿԿƵķΧ֮ڡ
¡
ƣһϼѹʱоһͻȻһص̤£䣬һ̤ضɽҡһε˳ɽ棬ɢս
֮й⻷ͷųԼǿĹ⻷ˣһȦεɽƵʿµĹ⻷ͬܵ޴׷Ϩࡣ
ˣ
ֻһ˲֮䣬ɽ棬ʮƵ˹غگսʿϵϢһ𡣶ͷų֮Сâͬʱ

ԭڷ״̬İ϶ȴѡһϮĺУȴȷĲɽµĲ䣬ǴƵĳ󲿶ӡ
ƽ֮У󲿶ҪƹǰľӼܡɽϣһжΪ˿ܡ
䣡
飬ǧսʿۼսʱ˳ոõĵطһִʱսǰһǹ˳ƴӶƵķ϶˳ȥ
ۣǰЩǹĹޣڣսʿ˹ػگʵȫ
һǹֱǵڣǸ߸߾˳ȥ̶ͣͣ͡ʱڣǹ֣ͣÿһȥʱʱѾɺޱȡ
ΧڶܱΧ˲Ϣ䵹һصʬ塣
һ֮ǰǿޱȵսʿʱȴģͬƲһ㡣ֹˣսǰĶܱԭž޴ѹһ̣ȫоܵĹս߶ʱٴȹ
ȥ
֪ʲôʱս߱Ե˷ͻȻͬʱһ춯صŭŭУһ޴ĴתţͻȻɳݺݵ˶飬ãã纣
ھ޸ɳͬʱƵӪУ𶯣һ׳˶ӰͬµһֱӪ֮жȥ
ɱ
һ׳˶ĸսʿɫһ̡ףеĴڵоӪкֱ󿪴ء

ĲҽУһ˹ءگսʿͺ񵾲ݰ׷׷˳ȥЩگսʿЩ󸫴ңб롣
еĲսʿУսʿʵһߵģȫǾϸѡսʿصģټġ֮й⻷ԵоĴãЩսʿͿ֪
ڴ֮УһǴ󿪴أƲµ֮
䣡
ϡϡ˷ԭռƵĴ˲Ϣ֮׷ܣȫ赲ס
⣬⡭ô£
ôǵʵ仯֮죡
ʲôȻôķΧ

ɽϵı仯˶е𾪡Ⲣһμ֮й⻷ǵһεʱͣǰ֮սȫͬˡ
ɵҲоó֮й⻷Ӱɽ壬ԶԶֹ
࣬ô죿
һĿɽµĴޡ
ᣬôĹ⻷ıضҲǳ֮󣬴ȥ
޻˻֣ԥ
Ȼ֪ôģܹΧоĹ⻷̶ֳȣڴ˵磬ǾֻһֶǾǹ⻷
ֻҪǹ⻷ͻģҸǵȺԽ࣬ľԽĹ⻷ǷΧ÷Χ֮󣬶ڴ˵ºܿͻĸɾ
ҪǣһսУܶôǿĹ⻷ôǿĴڣ˫ԼʮĴö΢΢ġ
һ˾ܴӮսҪ˸ʲô
Ǻܿ޺ܿͷԼˡ
ϣ
һ󼤰ҵ˻˵ĿУһͷѩ쳣ﻹŶϣɽ֮¡
ϣһͦΡݵӰеհ㣬˵Ŀ⡣
һɲǵ壬Ӹ£ͬһ㡣


603 ս𵩾ţ
ˣ
ղһ̣һȦĹ⻷ӰڵĽɢͬˮһкչһȦȦľ⻷ӳֵһֵܱĽ£˲佫϶ʵθһء
޶˳һ̵ĴƾԲͬ겻ͬøΪǿ
һоһθԼһɲ޶̲סƤˡ
ʲô⻷
𶯲ͬ
һĹ⻷߱ݡٶκһѾǲˣĲͬ߱Ƕȣͬʱ
˾İ϶ĵΣԽɽصˮйͨ
ףӣ󣡡
ͫһ
кܶܣǷΧӴĹ⻷ڴ޵ʶ֮УҲֻд󽫶ѡԲʲô󽫡
ֹˣȫݡٶȵĹ⻷ͨĹκһ۹ǼΪϡٵģ˹ϵĴѩɽûж١
⣬ʳ˰ѵľ˾Ҳõˡǳɣ
˵һ䣬޵Ŀޱȡ
˹غʹʳ֮ĺӺ֮ǰͿʼˣң˫ĺҲԶԶǺɫĻô򵥡˾žһ
𣡡
һ춯صͻȻԶ޴̺ŨҵıŰпᡢҰɱ¾֮·һ㣬ǹսɱ¾;
¡¡𶯣·ǧԶХһ
޴Ķ˲˵ע⣬Ҳɽע⡣
ǡ
΢΢˱۾ͫ¶һ˿ɻɫƺگ˹֮սҲһʱˣֻ˽⡣
Կ϶Ϣûио
ˣ
ԶֵĶҲ̲ס۾
ԶԶȥֻƽߴ֪ʲôʱһȺ޴Ӱ֮˵Ӱ˵ʲôսʿΪûмӴġࡱ
Щ塢һ׳ޱȣ˵Ļǵߣÿһ֮ߣıϡ
ǵƤڣιΣªޱȣźİף˲ѣȷȷʵʵɡ


һľɽϵĴƾӣȴԶ˹սʿЩ˳ֵʱǹɿҰçġŰϢ˹ؾþѵ̲סһ׷Ծܿ
ͿЩ˱ܵĵطе˹սʿͬˮ˰Զֿ·ܵϵȺһ㡣ȻŽǧصİףЩսʿŴִӡǹƣһȴɣսȲǡ
ʲô
Ƥ˹սһ£ûм˹سֹֹȫˣһεĹһ㡣
ЩȻúԶֱŰѪȵϢҲ̲סпѾԽսķΧ
ˣ
ȻúԶǴǺڵƤ廹һжϳˣЩԭӾǿຮƶˡ
ϵЩӴ壬ʯ䣬һֶʱԺк֮
𵩾ţ
гһ֡
ʷϣƽпռ䣬Ѫһ㶼ֳߵࡣ
ͨҵ߶׶ҵģѾ֮ٵˡ
Ⲣ˵ͲڱҵӸߴ󣬸ӴĹˡ֪ʷУݵĳֹһֻľӣ
𵩾ţ
֪ļУڴһƬƶڣĴʳ˹չһƻ
ר˽ĴѡһЩ츳ͬʱͲ󣬵˵Ĺ¶Щ¶ʳ˹شСͿʼιʳҩӥʨ֮ࡣ
һģĳûĹϽõϹŹͬʱַͣݼϵѨλǵǱܡ
һЩӴޱȵ֮Ϊ𵩾š
˵УЩ𵩾ŵʿÿһ߰ףӽʮ׸ߡʳ˲ϵһЩĹطݼǣǵ
˺ڣЩ𵩾ŵʿѵѾƾ侳侳ǿߡƺһڵϵȻͬķѵġ
ûмЩν𵩾ӵʿȴٹǵĴš½ϣν𵩾ˡĴ˵ҲһЦ֮ΪǸͷβЦ
Ͼôôߡ
岻ͬ˹֮սܶ꣬ӽӴһ֥£ӱսʿ˵ĸ֥ʳ۹սʱڴʳ۹ĻӪУֹ𵩾ţң϶ݵĺǽս
Ϊʱ֥ѾսˣԹڴʳ𵩾ź𵩾ˣֻ꼻һ֣֪˲ࡣ
Ǹ϶ӱҲܿʧˣûа취ȥα
Ҳûа취˵Ϣ
ֻҲû뵽֧𵩾žȻ
˹˹ȻĺʹʳйᲢ졮𵩾šļƻңʹʳ˹ʹ˾ȻǴޣ
һƬûԼȻôʱ𵩾˵ĳΡʷϴ˵ʱ仹Ҫöࡣ
޹Ȼ͸޷һҰģ׼ûи޷飬ҲһЩ𵩾ŵʿڸԭ׼ԮĶ϶ȫûһѾȫͬ
վɽ
ϵսΪԼĽ룬ѾȫһϱӽȻͬĹ켣Ƕ֮϶һ̵ʨӳǣһµĳǳعս
һƬƽ̹ĴϣֶһԼġݡһبǰ粻ȥġɽ
鷢չһѾȫԭĹ켣
ʳ˵ĺɫͳˣ׶ε𵩾Ҳˣйǳڵ֮սηжûеס
Ҫǣ֪ΪʲôҪɳЩ
ΪǶɭеľ󣬻֮أطѵ˹غʹʳʹá𵩾ˡʹõĶǴ
ġ֮С⻷Щĵġ𵩾ˡûá

һ춯ص˻ʼģԶɲġ𵩾ˡȴǽ泤ޱȣһġ󡱡
¡
޴ĸǽͬǽİ϶һͷ˾׸ߣźɫ׵Ķ󣬴ź˹صսʿɽֱȥ
ԶԶĶ˻ţųӣŹ̳ɽķܶȥ֮ǰĲԲͬһζ׺ľŸûаЩǽߵ˼ǳ׵ĽǲΪ󷽽̳һ·


604 սӾţ
Ȼ⻹µģµǣЩȫܡ֮С⻷ãʱ˿̣ȫΪ˫

ݶУֻ޴߸̧ͬɽһս߱Եİ϶̤

һǾ֣ȫװǹ룬ȫѹ˵Ķ󣬰϶սʿķֱ΢΢
ص£һ϶ܶ˴׶̤һࡣ
ıӸ߸һͷͷɽĴƾкֱȫһ֮С
𣡡
ͻȻ֮䣬һϮ̺ľ޴ֱӽеĽ𿪣Ժ֮С
Ȼھ̧ܾͷɲǣһꪻؿռ䣬˲۾ǵͷ­Ӵľ˫ϥһصعɽϣѪǵۿӿ漴һ
ȻӵǿӴϾ࣬ҲԶԶܺᲢۣԶǿߣվױһ
֣Ѿͷϵ
ɽһƬңһִȫװ佫˻ߣ۾𡣰϶ĴûΣչཫʿϵһߣֵܵסⲨ϶ȫû
Ϊ˵ֵһĽе佫ܽȫƴе

飬飬ŵսʿתľ޸УӾͷ䣬һýԳһĴսʿԮϣͣëϷķݺݵش˾ۿ
ץסǣ
Ҫˣ
ĵǹܼ֣žͷĴսʿȥûеȵɱЩһӾʬϵأʧȺС
ʱ䣬޺Ȼ˲ٷ󣬱˵ĹͬҲ˲ٵķԸگ˵Ķ󣬴һ
¡¡
սһƬŵʱ򣬶̳ͻȻһ죬սΪҵʱ򣬶ͻȻû˿׵ȥа϶սʿһƬȻڼҵĽսȴ׷ɱȥ
˼Ȼѧң
ɽϣȫͻȻһĻһЦ˳һĻƣ޾ȻԸگ˵һףԸԼ
ȥ޼ǰϡ
ǣ
վѸȥ
ޣҵķԸңҲҪĶ˭
΢΢¶һ˿Цڶ̶ʱսѵһ֧ԸԼȷʵֻҪԱ֮ìܻ֮ǲ̫Զ
޼ľӼóֻҪץסһҧţǰ¶ֻǶ׳ȡ衣
ֻǿһ۾֪չֳս𣬾ԶԸ޼ּĽ졣
Ǵܹסӣȴסǹһ
ĿӶϷջأעܿͶһ֧ӴŽɫĻףɽϺֱ԰϶ľ̶ȾȻȫסǡ
Ӿšگ۹Ľţ̫ӷ٤Ĵչֳ˼µĹսûоڻӸ֧ͻѾ䴩˴϶սߡ
װʵӾŶλگ۹Ķˣ۸ʵ˹صﻹǴƵİ϶گӾš
֮й⻷ǵЧҲΪԶô
Ӿžگ۹еɱﵣ֮ս޷ǼŵԽ϶ķһ䴩ͨһٻ
ĽУвģǶ׵ľȴǷ٤Ӿš
˵Ӿžצ
ʼɣ
ŤͷһԵ١
ĩ
ɫ࣬͵һѸתͷȥʧɽ

ȫ
Һ£һɴ

٤˫Ŀܣȼճǰδеǿս⣬Ŀʼɽ⣬ʲôҲ
ɱ
Ϊ˽˹ޣҲΪԼ
٤мһ֧ȥļڴﵽĿ֮ǰԲֹֻͣһͷǾǳ塣
Σȫǰ
٤γѪ̤һ߾ߴսʿʬ壬ǰȥһ߾㣬ЩʬѶһ߾ߵˡ
ϣϣϣ
٤һ죬һ϶ûпеĳƶϵҲŤΣ׷ײҽŵ˵ϡ
¡
ڷ٤ӾŸ߸ͽʱͻȻһ󼱴ٵ಻Ĳҽд
٤һŤͷֻһ֧֪ͻȻ٤Ӿŷָ롣
Ƶ
٤ͫ׽ëҪըˡʹսô죬٤ûмƵ
֧ͻĴһݺݵĲ˷٤ࡣ
ط
٤䣬͵طĺСضϣܶκα˵ǼΣյźš
Ƶľضϣ͵һӾ˴ƵĿڴ֮Сһտսǧ˹ƵİΧȦʲô³٤Ѿۼʶ
ܼʱͻΧӾŽܴǰδеش
䡣
ͷȥӾҲŴΧط
ط
ط
٤˻ߵĴһƬңѾˣɱ춯صĺУһ֧Ƶĸҵسɱ˻δһ޴ĸͷХת˹
ڲ֮Уǹǿı֣ͬʱҲƷѱ֣٤û뵽Ȼ֧ʱԸԼ
סǣ
٤˫ĿŭȫоһǰδеĽţȻһлԶδʼֵ֧ͬʱһҽǰһ֧ܱ˳
ɱ
ɱ춯أԭڽڰ˵İ϶һ̬ͻȻ֮˷ɱ˹ʯֻú󣬵֣٤Ҳ֪嵽׼˶پԸԼ
ɹˣ
УͻȻһ佫ϲĻ٤عͷ֮϶֧ڶ̶ʱڣѸײڶ֮˶ӾŵиͰΧ
мˣ
٤쾪ŭӣǰ󷢺ڣ޺ζû뵽ķӦѸ٣ȵ㷴ӦʱѾˡ
ͽնۣ
ɽϣ忴Ž£ĴذΧӾţЦһܿתע
٤Ͼ̫ˣڱ֮ϵԼԶԶһεġ
űǿ׳һͳ£ǵĴһͳ£ֻҪʲôأ
ӾŵѾע˵иҪҪɡ
Сģ
ȫ䱸ȫ
ɽ£սţһ϶ɽ£ٴСÿеıץýģֱ𣬶ͷ亹˳ÿ˶ŵŨŨϢ


605 ս֮
𣡡
һԣҰŰ˻ɽ´¡¡𶯣ǳصĽŲ·̤ÿ˵档
СģǾҪˣ
סǣԲǳǵķߣ
սߵǰأʿɽ¹̳гֵһɽͰ޴ĺӰĶ亹
ôʱ䣬𵰾ŵľһ·ڳ˹
ء
һȴϸХźɨӴһٽɽ塢϶սʿɳȥûΧ£һ޴ֱ۰סǽıԵһѽЩȻݺƿ
˹ɴߣ
ж˹ž

޴ª𵩾﷢һĪԣɽϳ˹ȥӴǰ϶սʿһСͬһ㡣
飡飡飡
ǺֱߡǽһܼĴܣǰȫһ

һƵսʿɳȥȫǾ˵һ֮У΢赲һǵĽŲ
֮һƬҡ
ӥ
ɽɱ񣬷ɱޱȵ𵩾ͻȻڵ
ף
˵ӥͻȻˢһ³ϵȸֳתͷɫһƬء
ԻǶ
ӥ˵ȷһƥսһɽɱȥ˽档
𵩾˵϶к񡢼̵ذף˹غʹʳΪЩ˴ķУܹ͸Щ׵Ҳֻµȸֽˡ
ϣ
ӥսɽϳ£ɽŵ𵩾ҵײһ𣬾޴ķӥͿµսݺݵգһ̣ӥһеȸֽڰгž˺ݺݵն¡
໣
һĲҽӾ˵ĿдɽͰӴӰ澪֣ĲϺˡھԶĵطһֱֵ׹ڳУѪע
ӥ׹£ڵأϱͻȻ¶һ˿Цݡ
ôһɲǣɽһƬšӥΧľ˶ͭľӥ߸׼ȷ˵ӥеȸֽһ¶ηɫ
ǵһμЩСУ˺ǵĶ

ҳˣ
ɽ£ǧĿģһΰͦεӰ΢΢һЦͻȻŲǰһ̤¡¡𶯣̳ƬأͬʮսսȫһоҵĲ·Ҫ鿪һ
ǡ
оɾ˵𶯣ͫһ͵ϣӵְԵϢָ
Ǹλģֻ뵽һˡ
أ
عͷϷ򡣾ص룬ڿǵӰսʼڣ϶ԶĳХûзκιҲû¶κεĹΪֱһ̡
¡
ǰʲôҲʲôҲûУڿصһɲоһӴѹͬˮǵأϯźԶľ룬Ҳܸоѹֵ㣬һհʱᱬĿֲ
ˣ
һй¶ȴһɺƺƵɫâӻصͷǹ࣬ȴʵʴڵһѷĵͷƽ
ǿ
Ƥиܵһǰδеѹ
ڻأĴ˵
Ȼܶණûӡ֤һǺʵģ˹ص۹󽫣ʥ伶ǿߡȻڴƵĴ˵У֮أǿ߸޷θȫء³Уʵǿһǵ۹ͻ³ǻصʵ̫Զ
ϧ³
гģ׵ʵԲԶԿأͨҲȲθȫ˾۹ּࡣ
Ψһܹʹð϶Կֻдڶܿܿ佫
ǴƶսɫҲǴǿֵԱֶΡ
ܷʲô㶼ԲҪǺͻ֮ս
һϤӶߴϵ侲򶨣͸ĳ־
ĳƣ佫ϧÿһ佫Ӧеľ򣬻Ķ֣Ҳ֮ĵһսΣ϶Բ
ʣĴƽʿҲԲ
ס
ŸϵıӰмѡÿθĸоϿЦҲ¶ʲô飬һеĸоȴȻͬ
ҵʵ̫ˣҪʵ׷İɣҶһսġ
Хȭͷͷ衣ڣʵѾˣͨ˵ȫǲģּս˵վ̫̫ˡ
ֻʣǸ취ˣ
ʯһͷԺ֮ʯеġ֮С

룬һϺͻصĶսע⡣
ϣڻҪ翹𡭡
һͬһӹɽϿգս죬ؿɽϣԼ飬ʼȺǹһΧߵĴڽЦЦ
ⳡսڣʹĲԣҲǰսܶ٣ض̫⡣
ԱԽԭһսڻ˵һսԶ˫֮ĶԾ
ֻҪɱϺͨôս϶ս
󽫾ҪһսԵ㣡
ϵ¡¡쳹գεİԵȴһְ۲ݣƵļͺǣʯǧ˶ηӣɽ籩ʼղۡ
ֱȻǽ֮󣬾ƾһҲֵҵĶְ
һĨɫչֳغǣ˹صĴҲòΪ֮۷
ȻǾսɣ
ϣسǰȥŨ̹ս˻Ľͬʣ˹ʮƺƵɽϯȥƾ춯أ
սڣڳȫĴ
ɢ
һȴɽɲǼˮ˰ֿؿʼڣʼûͶսҲʼж
ˣʮ𣬾˵עУһƥĴɽԾһȣƾ佫ɽµĻطӵȥ
˹ش󽫣ûĶ֣Ҳûκηܹ赲סɽЩǽڻ־ǿ˵ȫ߹һ㡣
¡
Ͻһ̤ʮɽϵսʿҽţͬߵķһ˳ȥ
ͬƵսʿ赲סһ˹غگսʿͬ赲סϡ
˺󣡡
һɽ´ش˹صսʿɽӵɽɽɽšϡϡǧĿ˵Ŀ


606 ս
һսǣ˵ģ˹ءگ佫ĿⶼͶע˹ⳡδʼսѹǶսĹС
䣡
ƺƣ̹أ̳һϵĵݺգɣһѿգɽϵϵնɱȥ
֮жһ޴ĺɫѷ죬һ˶Ϊ֮ɫ䣬϶޼ǳһǰ΢κһ佫ֵܹסġ
ˣ
˵ʱʱ죬ڻسͬʱɽͻ𣬺¡¡𺳵ĿУͬʮ佫Ϲ⻷˸ʮս⻷ͻȻ֮âƣת֮϶ΪһΪһ޴Ľ񣬴ɽվ
񣡡
мԺ͵ӹһ⡣ӵǿ󷨣Լ佫ɼΪǿĴڡ
֮һҲĸΪǿ嵱Ҳֻ˵ûмʶ
⻹һμʩչӡ
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ҡضɽͶĲԶԶȥֻ£ľ˫ƺһ͵صס˻ؾ춯صһ
û˿ԥڵһͬʱɽ̧һȭصŻڵĵطȥȭͷû䣬޴ѾԲڵĿȫըա
غ󲻿ظ·ʱҪķһ㡣ۿŻؾҪھȭ£ͻȻ֮ʢ֮һ쳹صķ֮
أȣ䣡ˣ
һĪؼ𣬾˵ĿУһͷʮɸߵĽɫӻȼҵĺɫ棬ӻԭվĵطεض
䣡
ʮɸߵĽɫӵһƵס˰ɸߵľɱһ¡رмʯٲʮ֮ߡһƥƥս˻գ˫ս˺ɷ顣
ǻԵп˷׷ľѡ
շӽóˣ
˿ĵطگĴ󽫾θȫʮɸߵĽɫӣ¶һ˿ڴѾõЦݡ
շӽǴѩɽѧ֮һ˹ص۹ֻд󽫼ּܹľѧ
˹صļ󽫣ÿľѧͬ˸Եһ棬θȫҲǵһμ
ѩɽľѧȻ
θȫĿһתʶɽһεİϴ󶼻һ£Ŵ佫
ΨһûҲֻͨˣ϶ġ񡱺ϵġ񡱳Ϊ˺بɽ
֮ܣθȫѾʶͨĽ񣬽ųϵǿ󷨣ʩչ³θȫض˱ᣬͨʵ³߳ɶڶθȫ˵Ȼη塣
κβͨͨҲκβ˰Ϻͻؽֵԭ
¡
ĴͻؼҵĽսʱһɱ죬عͷֻʮãã纣ᳯɽӿ
ޣ
ͫ׽͸գһۿɽĴһϤӰɫۣƮݵȣǴޡ
ֻᣬϺͻעʱֻд޲ˡ
ʮãã纣˲Ϣһǿѹ
û⣬Ǵķ򡣸Ϻͻصķ򶼱ն
ŵһΣյϢ
ȫԾλ
׼
ĸ߿쳹ս

ɽͻȻһеı·ȫһ㣬һɱϢû֪ģɭǶѾת
Ȼ״̬ȻǸΣѾ㹻ӳһֵսˡ
࣡
ɽ£һϵ˹صĳϺʹվһĿ¶¶ɫһ˹ظԭϵĲ쳤˹سżҲôһЩǵĵ쳤ų
ָӵսʱѾ̵ӡҲɽǸŨŨļɵ
û·ˡѾ¤󽫾Ҳʧܣ溲ʦ£εж׵ʧܡսΣⳡսǶʤ
վɽ£Ŀȴǰδеļᶨһɲǵһ࣬ȴһ쭺佫
ԭıƣ֮ǵıǶöࡣơʲôıֻҪǱ־ԵƣϵĶʩѹѹǵĿռ䣬գеıΪ֮ҲǴݻǵ󷨱
⡭ˡ
һкܿڼžɽ¹ĴȴԽˣɱնŤ


607 ս
¡
û˿ԥͬХĺһɽصײһǿսԺҵһԾʮ˸޷Ͷθȫһ֧⣬ȫͶ뵽ս֮С
һΣûʹκεıֱƽѹԵɽƽԶԶԷսԡ
ɱ
ɱ
һź춯أǹĺɫˣ˶Ϊ֮Ȼɫ䡣
׼
׼
ϣ

쳹ɽͣһģȻӿɽİ϶ݣХ쳹գһХ£м䡣
䣡
ͬһ׹һʯ͸աϥǣϵ͸ɰǧ˵ϣһ˿ҡ
ݣ
һļ꼫ĿԵܼ£ڲϵӡ
ûõģӵһ̶ȣֲʤѾ޹ؽҪˡ
޿ɽϣһƬƽ
һ֧һ˵ľӣսһˣǾȫûһֻ˵ľӣսһˣǾˣһֻһǧ˵ľӣǾܴ죻ӵüǧӰ΢΢ˡ
Ĺɵ˺ʮĴ˵޹ؽҪ
޻ǵ͹սͼһ£ڼʮĺɫң¶һ˿ͬʱɭǶ
İ϶ͬˮ㣬ϵĽײͬһһ㣬ɽ³ɱɱȥ
ϲɱ3412ǧ
ϲɱ6733ǧ
ϲɱ9188ǧ
ϲɱ12340ǧ

̶ʱڣһ·ٲһԺкХ¡Ĺ⻷ɽ治ϸĺײ⻷⻷⻷⻷⻷⻷ʮͬս⻷סɽÿһء
һսļҳ̶ѾԽ˵񣬾嶼û뵽սἤҵ̶ֳȡɭǶһĽиΧһƬһƬȻͣĽո
ƬƬӰ㵹£Ժٲ㲻кµݣ˵ʧĲҳ̶ȡ
ƺѾľԾ޴ȡѹƾӵĻռ䡣һ£ĴѸٵѹϡ
ַ򵥡пᣬȴ൱Чڸ൱֮󣬴ƾӵĻռҲѹ˼㡣һҲûжٻĿռˡ
ǵһ͡ǿƴۣӵǿĵжͳ˧ıҲòôࡣ
Ķ֣ҲòΪ֮Ȼ

ˣǸĴ൱󰡣
ɽϳƬƬϵµʿɫҲԱֵɽŵλãһɹѪͬٲɽˢ¡
սļҳ̶ȳɽϵѾȫʿѪˮȾ죬սһѾ⵽ģǰ϶ˡ
û취ǱȻҪĴۡ
΢΢˱۾սĲҳ̶Ⱦ޷ƽɽϵİ϶չ¶սѾԽ
ִưϵӡʮ꣬³ƵֵزȻһжǱҪҲòĴۡ
˺սĴʵ̫˲ˣٶ༸˲ţֻպ˹ؽԶ޷֮⡣
ɽӹһ˿
ս޶ûзͼѾӽǰల϶ɳǸƾճֵˡ
ڴ޵ȼҪ˰϶
ƫƫе뷨˿¶ĻԶκҪĶࡣȲãã纣һһ㣬ΧΧİ϶ȣֻҪֳκһļһƶӣ˵᲻һеܡ
ʶαװ˹˳گԼαװگ˳˹ص޾Ȼû˿տ

¡¡
սڳķ򣬾޴ľͽɫĴշɽ㼤սշӵľֳһȦհĽɫȦ󷽣һ־޴ѩɽֳ
Ǵѩɽһľѧʩչı֡
ˣ
һɹɵ˷۹׳ϡʥĴշӱȦѩɽӰ֮С˹ص۹ȻûСּĶսѧͬЩܹʿľѧͷ
Ȼϵġ󡱲ࡣ
ϣ
صһƥƥĸԭ˻ŵأ׺ľ׵˹ʿҲȥ˻һ㣬׷ήڵϡ
ͬʱصĶ棬϶Ҳ̫áϣ⻷𶯣϶ϢһЩ
񡱴󣬲ֹܼȡ佫ܼͬȡʿҲϺܹͨͨ󷨣ֵغͶθȫԭ
սֲ£һʹ޵սҲ뵽˰Ȼĵز
棡϶ս1280
棡϶ս2314
棡϶ս3215
棡϶ս3847

һٲԺ֮ʯϵĴ޵ĲڷЧİ϶ʼִ
һ־֮ĽԵѾԵ΢΢ˡ
޵ǰͺ̣ԴԴϵɽӿ·Զֹͣһ㣬˶٣Զиʿɽӿ
ͳ˧չֳһᡢ侲κǰĽʯ۶ٵӿˡ
廹Ǵޣ˫˾޴
ӣ
սƵʱйâһͻȻ˰ڵս˻һһϢǿĴﲻϵԾɽ
ϣ
û˿ԥȸֳ
٣ָӾͽˣ
ϣ
ڷһĳ˻ǧ㣬ɽֱ£˴еĺѾȫÿˡ
¡¡
û˿ǧɵĳѡǡǡգΪĵط
ļٳ棬ϵԼ⻷ãʹǧһļ⵶һٹᴩ
¡¡˵Ŀ£ɽһƬңɭǶԴԴϵʩѹǧΪѹյһݡ

ɽһƬҽУһƬңɭǶ˳ǰƣһʱ䲻֪˹غگսʿɽϡ
ϲɱ78615
ϲɱ86135
ϲɱ91543
ϲɱ98712

һܼٲԺгˢ£еﵽ۷ʱһ벻鷢ˡ
ϲɱ20оɽ֮й⻷أ
һɲ綼·𰲾ʱŻˣĸоУһӴͻȻڱ޾չ


608 սһ仰
û˿һɲǵı仯ޱȵսͻȻ֮ǧս⻷һ˲гģðޱȣͺһ֧֧Ϩһ㣬һЩ˵ʿͻȻ֮й⻷£侳
ˣô£
һʿһ㣬侳ƵԪ仯󣬾һܰɽ׳ͻȻ֮һ޸֮Сһǳԡ
֮й⻷أӰ֮һЩ佫¶˾ɫǶΧı仯Ϊеġ
ǸСӣ
һ˫˫Ŀ׷׻۵ɽ޷ﶼ̲סüĿĴѾΪսıӰѾһʿ߽ˣѾսʤܺ͸֡
ôĹ⻷ΪʲôҾȻû˵
޷θȫﶼӿͬͷ
ô룬֮й⻷غѾѩһЧɽͱһƬңӰ쵽˻غ˹ʿ
һֱôѩɽطȡ˹ʿ֮й⻷ӵЩʿϣǵʵضܵӰ죬һʱȻֵסϵľ

Ҳ΢΢ɫû뵽Ĺ⻷ȻܲӰ죬ֶսУһǷǳҪġ
ɱ
ǧİ϶ʿûɽɱ£˹غگһɽۿҪ׵ܣͻȻ֮һ춯صľɽ
¡ɽ̳ž޴Ķʹɽͷ΢΢һ¡
ã򡭡
Ⱥгɱɫ΢䣬͵ס˰ڣ뵽ʲô
ɽȫǰ϶սʿԲʲô仯ǡ
Ӳˣ˹˻ٵǵˮԴ
ʯ䣬һ糾ͣ׳һɽ³սûͣȣһ԰ɫ͹սǰ
ʲô
ͬһͷһΣʱ׹ѡ
ޣ
ĿһתɽµĻء
мˣ
Ժֻʣͷ·ӡ֤еĲ²⣬һ߿ģ˵ţŽͻȻɽµĴӪ
һɲǣ´˳˵
ȥ
룬תͷɽ񱼶ȥ

ɽϣ϶׷𱱣עѾȫתƵһط
ӣ㿴
ɽ棬һѨ׵ĿˮԴأͬٲһɽ³ˢȥ
˹þʯ˶ѨˮԴһˮͶ˶
԰ɫһԽ˵
ŤͷڲԶĵط˵ʯ
˵ʯ
ǣӡ

ʱĬʯͷֱ쿪Ҽǰȫ׹䣬Ҳһܵˡ
ʿ
Ժӹһ⣬ַʿ岻òϴ޵ѹû뵽ġ
ЩʿѾȥ޻أսɽ׼
ĿΧѲһȦȻ˼ʬ塣
ɽǵˣЩ˵ʱѾȡжˣϧˡ

ɽܹ17ˮԴһжٴܵȾ
ܹ8
ɫһͻȻġʱѾȫ״޵ļıսĿģ»صĳֶֻʹնĿʵɽϵˮԴ
ʹôֱʣԼʮΪӣ岻òԼ͹λ˹شľġ
һֱ͹ˣֲһȻϺ³޷ƽƽᲢۡ
³ҰĲһֱҪɾͣվʮһ޳ɣڴˣԭˡ
³һֱΪ۹ͻھ֮вһȨ󣬶΢ʡ
ΪͳɾȫȣǰҲйᣬǴ˿ͻȻ³Ĵ
޲һʼ˼ɵأܴĺͷˡᣬҾ󲿷˷һ֡ͽӡ
Ĺʱһ⧲
ˮԴˮԴ
ͻȻ̧ͷһ쳤̾
޸һ⣬ʱ˿Ѿûбѡˡ

ɽе˹غگĴѾȫȥֻɽصʬ塣
ô
һеȻսĿѾɣǴûһ˿һĸˡ
˹غگӽ50ĴлغͶθȫĵ۹ָӣ͸޷Ըټگ۹ĺ֧ԮȻҪƾƣȥڴ˵ġ
ƾƵľӣѾλ˹ظԭİϵƵ˾
ʮǧİˣ
׼ȷĶһ֡
ˣ
Ѿ׼֣Ȼ̲סһʮȻһս֮Уս12ˣʧ˳ķ֮һıֱԳ֮ء
ԶԶ˴еĵߡ
ôôࣿ׼ȷ𣿡
ɫѿ
ش࣬ѾΡ
ٵͷ
ʧ٣
ûа취㣬ǹӦ23ǧ24ǧ֮䡣
ޱ۾þ˵
ȥȫ⴫ȥô󽫾һȥ˧

ӣ쿴ɽж
ɽϣӥۼ⣬ͻȻָɽ¿ڵ
ţ
üͷһ͵شӵվ
սŸոսʱҪʲô
ӣԳһ𣿡
һɽ´ɽȥ֮ڴˮ˷ֿ޺ͻصӰٴӳ˵֮С
ֻǺ͵һβͬ޺ͻصɫһƮݺʹݣһغ𾴡
һˣ໹Ҫʹʲôı𣿡
˵˫ĿѩɽȻ޾
ˣڹǰﻹʲôıơ
޳
һսĽҲѾ϶ˮԴԳգΪ˹ҲΪ˹ԼͰ϶ԴҪ͹ӳϿҵһ顣
޵ʲô
һΣ˵Ϻ̲ͨסüͷǺսҲһ£޵̬һֱͱˣҧš
ǫǫ̬ȣҲǵһڴǰ
ˮԴ飬Ͳʹˣʲô黹ֱ˵ɡ
ƽ
ӣǾ仰϶͹ܹͶҿԱ֤Ӻеİ϶սʿܹõƵĶԴ
ȻǲܷŹӺͰ϶սʿشƣǹӺеսʿ˹ظԭһûκ˻ܵ˺
ǶԹӣҲǶ˹˫õĽ֣ϣܹ濼ǣҲܱν
˵һ仰޷һֱҡȣĿ⿴ɽ壬ֿޱȡ
սѻȸޱȣ޷θȫЩԭӦüԵϾ뢣˿ȫѡ˳Ĭ
ǿֻǿߣⳡսеڣ˰϶ЩϾѹû뵽ġ
ɽһƬž˶ڵȴĴ𸴡
Լɡ
幫ӣؼɻ䣬֧϶ߵͳ˧սǺͣӶоߡ
ͬʱϺͨһûйԣѾжֵı˶֧֡
Ǻǣ
΢ȻһЦ̧ͷһľսеһѾǲݣû·ѡ
Ʋ䣬϶Ҳ䣬Ӳ䣡
ҴΪӮ
࣬һ仰𣿡
忴ɽͻȻЦ
ʲô
ͫһʱЦóһᵽ飬ʵǳϡ
˭Ц˭Цã

ޡ޷һƬȻ޷ǶԴƷǳ˽ģҲҲûᷨ
٤죬ڴѧ꣬˵ֻ𣿡
޷һԣϻűķ٤죬ɻ
⡭δ˵
٤ͷ˶ŪĪ
࣬ⳡսһ̣¹˭֣Ҫ˵̫硣
Ц˵侹ǲ޶ʣȥʧɽ
ɽ£һͳ˧һ˵


609 ս֣
࣬Сʲô˼Ѿֵزˣѵʲôֶβɣ
հͻعͷߵĴޡ
һ󳡣հļϵҲǵۣطֱӱˣ¶ģѪ⡣
ˣհͻʼձʢս⡣
޳ĬһԵĻҲ΢΢üͷǰȻڲмһˣҲ΢ܶ࿴һ۵Ҳֻһۡ
ڲͬЩս⻷ܹӰ쵽ġշӡ˵ģⳡսԼӮôҲ޷ֵˡ
Ȼһ˵ʵȴܲһսʤܡϾΪʹսʤ֣ǻʤ
ޣ⻰ʲô˼
ڻĿɿڴĿУؾȻһԵĴޡ
ˣѵΪӮ
հͽеһԽܡ
Уޡ
üͷһĳ˼
СӵҲˣȻ˵Ļھ棬ҲھǼ١ңѾأȫûʹСֶεıҪ
ȥȫ䱸ʱ䣬ʮʱˡ⣬Ӫ֮ûӪǶҪյͨ͸Ѳ߶ӽگ˿һʹðţԲܸ˿Ŀɳ֮
αװگϮ˹ص»ոչȥã޿ɲʱκ©ӪɹһЩˮÿӳһ죬˹ص۹սԾͻһʧܵĻʡ
Ѿ뿪ƾʦڵͿʼʱȫͬڵĴޱȸ޷ﻹҪż
ǣ
޵һ䣬˹صĴѸٵȥ

󽫾ô죿
һ࣬˹˼ԶһӪ˭Ҳû뵽ӰһһλگĹһλگĴ󽫾
ʱ򣬾̫ӷﶼų⣬Եһ˵ˡ
һս˵սҲѾˡӲǿֻʧأɹҲҪ޴ĴۣòʧѾٵǵˮԴһҺʹ޵ĿһµģսգȻѾûжʱ䣬ʱȴܲȡ
Ӫﴫθȫ
λگΨһĴ󽫾һֱĻ󣬹ֱʱ¶һսָʵǶθȫǸ޷
ؼǸҵӰʤˡ
޷
ֻҪǸСӣǸӣ޷âڱʳʡʵڸ޷ǿ˵ּȫһ㣬ЬʸûС
ط޷׾ܽ
ƫƫĲսҪıңսݷվɽΧͭǽڣ֪ٸΪݣϺͨС
ԣ˹غگɱ´ޣҲ˿ûа취
Ҫն׶Է˧ûô׵ġ
ģȵ֮һս϶ȫûǸϵȻҲܲ
θȫ
󽫾ǿʲô
޷һæ׷ʵ
ȻûдﵽֵزҲȥԶˡ
θȫͷ
ǸȻ˼³޷ȡϾİ϶ͳ˧϶Ҳһѵġڲִټ䣬ܰѰ϶սֵزѾ㹻ӡˡ
ֻЩôҲֲ˵ġ
θȫӹһĨ˹âܿȥһйڳš
ӪҲָ˼ž

һעⲻǶ˹ءگǴƣһѰġ˹ءگͳ˧ԾһԲߵʱɽͶˣƵĺͳ˧ͬۼһ
ֻһβֻ塢ӥͳͬͨϣԼڣȫɽһ
ڵϣΧһȦ
мһªɳ̣ɳɽΧֲͼ
վɽϣӸҪһĴֲɳʵ̫ײˡ
ΣܴﵽһѾǳǵԤˡΪڴˣġ
ϵһƼž
Ѿˣһս϶ʧСϵԮټԮܼƽӽʮĴѾֻˡ
ؼģˮԴ
϶ˮԴ٣׻ˮԴͬٲȥٺ֪ʿ֪Ǵʱ˿Ĵ
˵ĲʲôʲôĽ֣Ƕǲġ
ͨҲο͸ĳ־
϶ڶ֮ϵʱѾսˣӵڣѾ漣ˡڵϴ⻼Ѿǳˮ˾
ءޡ޷θȫĴڣҲȫϾǵ·
ȴ϶ʲôѾöˡ
ӣζ˹ġ٣Ѿ˹˺گ˸˴ۡ
ڵϣͬڵ
Ĭһϲ˵˵ⷭȻλС׹𾴺Ͽɡ
ףˣ֪ʲôһսԶûеֵز٣ڻûС
ӹһĨѩĹâͻȻһ
ү㲻ðοǡ
Ҳ̲סڵһļ
壬ûкڿЦ
ҡҡͷޱȣ
Һʹ˵ǷҲĳ滰
ˣ
ɲǼ䣬ɽһƬš˶壬һסˡ
˼
üͷ
ⷭ׵ĶЩˡѵһˣзֵزɣ
ӵ˼ѵڻܴǣ
һ
ȻڱûرͣǿʤǿóġڵˮԴѻ٣ֻҪز϶ͱɡ
ңƵľսսЩɽϵĸɽսǾԶֽţ˹죬ð϶ȫû
壬ҵ˼ˡ
ҡҡͷ
սǴľ֮սϵһսʤܵģҲֻսϵˣСս֮⡯Ӯϴƺ˹ءگսֻһط٣˵ǡ
һȺ˵ͨˣ׵ĶЩסˣȫ˵ʲô
սսЩľ˵սֻǼ򵥵ĻǰĶ֣ʲô޹ء
ʲôսε۵Ͻûţ˵Ǳˡ
һȺΧ壬ֹҪ廰ȴֲ֪Ӻ˵
۱裬ϡͨڣЬ˫裬ȫһεġ


610 սķ֣
ӥǵҵ𣿡
Ҳû˵ŤͷһԵӥ
䣡
һӹԺҵ֣ӥһ飬ɢȥӥƺһʲôü
ҵ
Եģôҵ
ӾʦߵĿԶֹˡǿǹߵͷŴ󽫣
ϸ룬ûеƽԭûкүǻϣҵʹһ֧ӣɳȥִһ֧ˡ
ֻļսʱһҵ֧ӡ
ӣ˼
š
һĵ˵ͷ
ʤ߰ܡȻ˹ҰģҪگ͸޷ԸƣǾԹԸˡȻҪʹƾѣҪþѵ׼
սڴ޺ͻ˵ֻǰһսһսʤܣǶ˵ȴˡ
˵ţбһĨǰδеâ
϶ѵ˹ؾû
ˣˡ
һֻԼϵ㣬ȴ֪ͬҲӵо޴㣬ұԼҪء
ˣٽҲнˣ
˴ĿУվߵķ˵һ˭Ҳ׵Ļ
˳ᢣʤǧ
Ǹףͨףⳡսʤս´Ҳ֪ԼѾΪһս
ս෴һսϣ˹ȴɾ
ȴڶ֪
սǲпģÿһӦ֪ʵֻǣʵҪԶǲпĶࡣ
ҵͿˣ
΢Ժз˼վƽ

㣡
һֻĿãȻڸԭĽšΧۻɽõţʬʬûκεĴˣȴһĺڰߡ
̹ڲԭϲͣȼգԶԶһֱӵߣһĩյľ
ھԶĵطһΧһӺɫ׵۴ΧһС
ǰˣһ׶ߣһ㣬˸߳һͷ࣬Եø⽡׳׳Ŀ
ˣѾЩһ߲ˡԴǰѾҲȺ˹ˡҪЧѾﵽˡѾϵԭȴǵĽһ޴ѣ
׳һǰͻȻڵ
Щ̣
ҵڽ׳ĴϣĮޱ
ǣ
˵ҧҧͷһȺ¶ͬı顣ǶǸľ񣬱ΪΪս׼ģȻûн飬ѾԼɴľˡ
սƴɱҲûʲôɱԹģǣôʱ䣬ȴȫˡΪһģӼߵߣҲȥġ
Ϊһֻ䣬ʱֻһǾɱ¾ţɢߣ
ǣǣҲ𣿡
ҵعͷһ˶ͷҲͬ뷨
ˣѵҲ𣿡
һͷĿͻȻ׳ŵӵ
ҵ˲Ĭˡ
˵ĲȷʵҲɹҲй̡ҺﲻֹͬһеĽ졣
һľˡԼĶλ
Ǻܿ죬ҵͱ
ǰһͬ뷨
ҵޱȣһ˵ע⡣
ǵ𣿾ˣǰʲôݣ뵽뵽սǾǾˣľˡǴǱˣҲԼƣ
ǣҪʲôҫ𣿡
һȺ̧ͷĿҵ
ҪģȻѵ
ˣѵ˼𣿡
һ
ҵҡҡͷԺȴڽǰ˵ĻǸʱΪȻЦ
ڣҵѾû뷨ˡ
ǴˡҪǷЧҴơÿ̤սǸ˵־ǵͱ޹ؽҪ
ʧˣǱȫԼҫٵսɳʲôãƵռˣǲĳ衣ڵĸʲô
ҵ˶˵ˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ӦĴ治̵ˣ˵ȴⷭƫƫûһ˿ԷʿսսȴˣǾٴʲô˼
ңڵϡ
Ѿ˹غگЩ˴Ƶ
һ˲䣬˶Ĭˡ
ʿһսͲӦи˵裬־˵ĵʧЩ뷨ȫӦСǵĿǸ˵ҫǺƣĵ۹ûʧܣگ˹ռǻῴʲô棿
ΪǶԴϵôʱǻ飬սʿҫ𣿸ǣӮսǻصϿĳ潫һģһҸӵĲң
ҵԽԽ߿ҲԽԽҡ
ΧҵĻ˶׷һ𺳵̧Դ
˴ûмҵ˼ӣûһܹĻ

ⳡսʧܣϽΪ˹˺گ˵׳ΪԼţϵİգ˳˹˺گһһɱ
úͰ϶֮սͽ֣Ҳսŭйϵİϡһ˶׵ġ
һսû·
ˣǡ
һ׼ǰ˵ЩʲôͻȻһ죬ڵĵطɳ۶̳
ˣѩɽ׷ˣ
ˣ
նȻһ䣬˵϶¶˽ŵɫµսԵòͣش硣
˷׷˶ǰҵ
ߣúÿ죡
ҵЦһһƬɭ
޺ͻΪ˶Ըƣϵʮ۵ıȫ˳ȥڵİϵһƬ顣
ԭ棬ҲһЩɢĲʿҵȸ־ǰһôʱҵǾûʲôĵֿ
ֻҵ˹ظԭĶʵ̫ˣⲻһսһʷǰĴѣ˹ص۹ܵ޴ش
ҵɢɵĺ֮ǧ֮Ĵѩɽˣɳĸ׷ɱǡ
ЩԴѩɽĸ֣ҵҲ棬ҵľӥԶԶؼӣ˳򵽴Ĵ̽
һ޼ʣһƽĸԭ棬ǴѩɽĸҲ޴أǸʮǧͱҵǷˡ
ߣ
ҵһھѸٵı۶ȥ
ˣò鿴һˡ
ҵһۣ߱һߴٳǰǸҡ



611 ս
ԭϵϢıԤеĻöࡣ
࣬ٴϢǵţѾȫľˡ
Ӫ޶ɳڤ˼ʱͻȻһ˹ز˽һϥص
ô£СҲҪһ㱨𣿡
޻عͷ΢΢üͷɫЩá
ʳľú𣿡
ش࣬Ѿûиţˡ
Ŷ
ڽȫת˹Щɻ
˹ﲿأ
˹صĺڴͲֻһ䣬ͬһʱжʮ䣬սʱﵽϰٸΪṩʳ
˹ﲿҲʮûгֹˡ
Ǵ￨أ
޽˼֡
Ҳڰˡǰʧȥϵ
üͷоЩˡ˹غʹ֮䲻ǵһηսˣֺڳûй
˹صĲÿһӦ׾ʳԴ˵ζʲôʱṩʳÿ˹شһʳȱ߹Ӧϡ
һûаʱṩʳѾˣôಿûиϾǳ⡣
ȥ󷽲鿴һµ׳ʲô⣿
üֱͻȻһַǳĸо

޲ûеȴܳʱ䣬ڰʱ֮һٻŻţҴҵĳӪʡ
࣬ոյԭϵϢһ֧Ƶľӳϸԭɱ¾ɢߣڸԭϸ˲أţ
ٹڵϣͷ­ѹõ͵͵ģҿޣĶͷ϶ĺ鲻ͣδ׹
ʲô
޻͵ץס٣ҡΡ
ں˵ʲôô飿
࣬ģһŸ˴ӸԭӳѾȷϹȷɣ
ٹڵϣɫ԰ףȴޱȵļᶨÿһֶޱȡ
Щ˰ǰѾɱԭ˷˸ԭͨûκϢܹݳЩҪϢĲˣȫɽϣҲǺòײ˳
ǰ
һϺͨ쵼İ϶ʨӳǵʱ
壡
ʯ䣬һͷӹԺʶ˶ɽͶǵӰϺͨʨӳǣôΨһһеҲֻˡ
ͻȻһƬ
ˣ
ǰ޵лֻʨӳǺİ϶ԮҲѾľǧﱼϮܡ
µ·ϣһ֧֧˹أû뵽ʱ˹صķ䴩һ֧ɱϸԭ
˭Ц˭Цã
޻Ժֻʣ˵Ǿ仰
ԽԽϸڱھ޵ɫԽԽ԰ףҲԽԽѿԭϵĻҪؿµöࡣ
޴ûַԸԼǶԸˣȴԸԭϵţ
ԭûһ˻ΪȴԸԸԼĴ
ԭϵˣһͶ벻ţ⣬ҲǾţһԵġҺĴƲͬ˹صţǴȺȺһģһ䶼ʮϰͷĻ
һ߱Ǿһµѡ
࣡࣡
һʱԶʱӶߴ޻λԴȻѹۣٻڵϣһ֮ǰĶ
֪ˣȥɡ
ˣ֪ͨگ˵󡣡
ʱ̣Ҳֻõگ͸޷ˡگʹһУ˵ܹԭϵΣǴҲֻ뵽޷ˡ

ʲôߣ
گĴӪܣһֻֻѽӪյ޵⣬޷𾪡
¸޷Ҳû뵽˹ظԭϻᷢ顣Ȼ뵽˹صĸأʱԭ
Ϣֱһȵ˵ϡ
ñ֮пգѾԽ˵
࣬˼ΪҶᾡ㣬گ˶ˮΪԵҲ⣬ţ٣߾͸ٳˡ
ԵӴѧϰҽʱƫŵҽͲѧϰ֮УֹˣЩƫŵҽѧϰ֮С
޷˵þίʵϣ޷ȷڴƣһҽҽҲԲһ׵¡
ũʵ̫ˡ
֪ˣǴ޾ǰлˡ
޵
£ˣ˹ص˺ǵ˴ˣ
˵ʱһگĴͻȻ缱ǵĴ˽ˢһɲ˵Ŀ׷˹
˹صʳȱ⣬׺ݡöƵ˹ڼĴ̼£ȻľͰͬΪѵگϡ
Բͨ˫Ѹٷһеڸ޷ʹ޸ϵɧҺܿ챻ƽϢȻ˶ֻ֪Ǹոտʼ

ӣķ˴ˣ
߸ߵɽһ֧ӭ裬ӥվһһɽµķ
ӥϲɫǳĬ
ӣҵǵĲķˡ
ӥԱߵ
ҵ飬ӥȫ֪ġȣ˵˹غگ֮䷢򶷣Ǿ˵˹һʳȱ
仰˵ҵǺ󷽵жȫɹˡ
š
˵ͷҹУ˿ͣ趯ҹѾվ˺ܾˣɽѾ˻ʮߴ򶷣Ҫ˵˹غگûзʲôǾԲŵġ
սǲпģھͿξˡ
϶ΪˮԴѾƵ˾ڵĴÿһʿڵ䣬ĸоֱ仯
ڣû㹻ţӦ˹ʳȱ˺Ͱ϶ͬĴ
Ѿû˭ռһ˵ˣͿ˭ܰøˡ
ӣ˹ĲԴֻʳĻگĸһṩʳ
ӥͻȻ뵽ʲôüͷ
ǣܵġ
ȻһЦ
˹˵ʳϰûô׸ı䣬һֻ⣬׷ϰ𣿶Һǲͬ˹˸ûֲˮϰߣ仰˵ǰûгԹ
ǣگǻʳⲻҲ𣿡
ӥԥһµ
˹ôˣһͣΪگ˶ˮнѣ
嵭
ӥ˵

ţͬţԳȺȺķҰɷûôɡԶԶԶȲţ
ԴƵĸͨ˼һ¶ѵóԵϼ⣬˵گ
گȦϰߺԶԶ˴ƣǿӦگܹӦ٣Ӧã
Ѿϰţ˹ˣϰ


612 սٵ
ֻһЦӥȻѾˡ
£ÿһԶ˷áоȷܹãǾԲôŵġ
תʧɽ
Ȼҵ֧ѾãûˡˮԴⲻһɲϣ˭Ҳﲻ͢ﲻϣҲﲻϣ˭ﲻϡ
ֻܿԼȥ취

㣬˵Ļ˵˲ٺҵ߽ǲ׼ٺ߽ٲȰ棬Сҷ飡
һֻ˵ƣǿصϡԶ뵽ʱңԶľʦ٣λԤδġ֮ͬ
˳һ䣬ɹЩˣѾȥˡڣֹţ
˵ˣɫͷ𣬿Դŭ֮С
󲮣
̧ͷǰӣɫ䣬ͬ纮˪
Һҵ飬Ҹ˵飬޹أҲ޹ءҵ飬㲻Ҫ֣
ʶʱˣ㻹˵ֻ
걩ŭޱȣһֻʹȥ
ң
Ȼ޾塣ǴΣ鶼̫ˡ
꣬ĺŮǱߣѾΡڶҲΪŮ˹꣬ŮҪ𣿡
ͻȻعͷɫһвɫˣ
ȻǾٵĸףүˣͬʱҲĶܡ
ȻͬҵĹ£ԸȴͳȻ෴ҵı£ûѧȥ㣬ﲻϰæº©굹˲١
ŮλҲϡ
ٶ󲮡ҺǷ׷ǹʣΪǵ°
꿴ԼŮһ
󲮣˵
ȴûԼĸ꣬ŤͷԵĴꡣ
ߣ㻹֪ΪĹϵѾӵĪı˹߳˻ũҵȫ֪ζʲô𣿡
ֹˣʮ߱նʮʮ֧߱ն˶ʮ㿴ʲûУһ£ˮһڽͣԭĳɡ
һж˶ÿ￪õά֣ΪҪôļ壬һͣתˡȻɡʲԼɣ
˵ţгһʲᣬһݺݵٵǰ
Ǵǰս𣬻иֳη粨ߵգ䲻ס˸ĥѡʲôˣ㲻֪ڣҪΪһ𣿡
ŭ𣬺Լ
ʱ򣬶֮Ů»Ǻ޲˵̫үĳ谮
һ̫ݡ
ڶ谮ӣҲġΪܹ뻧ǻ˾޴Ĵۡ
һ֮䣬ûκεԵɣֱӾͱ߳˻
еķŭ֪
û˵ֻصĴϼʲᣬһķ״Ϳʼ游ײ鿴ЩʲᣬЩһ㶼İ
ʱ仺ȥɫվһԣٵĸĲ
ֻһ˻ķʲᡣġٵɫԽԽء
ô̫ˡ
ɫ԰ףڷ˵ʮ߱նʮʮ֧߱ն˶ʮɣپʱֵȴ˵ĻҪء
ʱǣʮһڴͬЩͬڴ¶бġһΥԼһ彫Ḷ޴Ĵۡ
ǣĻƽ
ֹˣһʱ棬˶ֽŵĺۼùˣù󲮣ȴ١
ᵽһŨҵıա
ʣֵסΨһ뵽ģҲֻˡ
ôû˵˰ɣ㣬ڣ߳ȴţҵҷˣʱ򣬼ŭԹ̫ү¶Ȳ㡣
꿴ٵɫò԰ף֪ԼĻѾЧ仰ȥ

꿴һԼŮҲ̾Ϣһת뿪˷䡣
ֻһվڴǰģһ仰˵

ꡢ뿪ͬʱһӴ⴫ָһ̧ͷȥֻһֻɫŸ벻֪ʲôʱͣ˴򿪵Ĵ档
ŸϣһֻɫİѼֻǺͬɫİУһϸϸĺ
ǡ
ϸϸĺɫ΢䡣ԼźǳֽŻֵźšٽ°ȣѸٵĴϢһӳ
ʮ𼱣ʳȫܵѺأ
򵥵һ֣ͻȻޱȡ
󲮣
⻼ѹӿٵһУûһԼļ壬һǶԼмӣԼ塣
ٱ
һɲǵм尾ޱȡ֪ԲԼ̫ʱ䡣
С㣬ô죿ѵҪΪ壬Լ𣿡
ԱߣһֱŲˮ̷ԵѾĲСĸ֪ģһεʲͬ
ǴƵڳ̸ڣҿԵġΪңı֮Ǻͻ׸ùϵ֮жԡ
ڹѾ̫̫ӡ
ȳȥɣҪһ
صϣһֻŶͷһűɽ޵ϣһ¶һ˿㲵ɫ


ɵȪˮϧĴˮ㵹һ˹صսʿɽ¹Цˮˢϴͬʱϴϵס
ɵˮϣһƬƬϪ

گһͰͰˮʹ㵹ͷϡ
龰絽ÿ춼ɽݡÿʱ򣬵ϵˮȫᱻ񣬻϶ҩȫ϶һᡣ
ɽϣһɽ
ӣ̫ˣ֪ȱˮԴÿ춼ɽˮŴôȥǿҪսˡ
ɽͶˣһ϶Ľȫһ޼١ÿ˵ж¶ŨŨĲ


613 ս
϶ˮԴѾ൱أ޵ϮЧڵ죬ĴоûжˮԴˡ
ڣ޼Щ߼춼Ƥֲڣ촽ѣɴ˿֪϶ˮԴжôء
ڵİ϶֮ǰʮ֮һսˮǱƵ˼ޡ
еʿһٵĻ̻̣ƫƫʱ򣬴޻ÿˮŰ϶
һȻ򵥣ȴ൱ЧǸûкõӦ֮߰
ӥɽ硣
ڴƵˮԴͲܣײĶܱ֪Ӫûˮˡÿ춼˵ǰôˮϴ衢ϴݼˡ
Ѿȱˮˣÿ˶оԼ촽ԽĸѣԽĸɿˡ
һȫܿƵıܷӦ
صսҲȫܿƵĲַӦ
ĸӥվɽܸоָͲеĸ֪ܿ
ɱɣ
ͻȻ
ʲô
ӥԺﷴӦ
ɱһЩսǵѪˮʱʡĿǰΨһȨ֮ơ

ǣûսӵļƻô죿ңڰ϶սܾͲࡣ
ӥһĴ㵡û뵽ͻȻֲԡ
֮ǰսԤɽӶ˾޴ã˵սŤתԵĹؼá٤گġӾš㽫Ƶȫ䴩һ·ɱɽ
Ϯ֮ƣץסһӾǰضϣķâӾս˳֮һ٤춼ɽϡ
Ĳ»ƴĻ
ûս͵˺ܶء
ɱһ־Ϳˡһһ졣ƴľ˭ֵܼʱȥÿյð㡣ǱҪԲκһˮ

ÿ찴ӦˮԴһֱ֧ǲ顣Ҳûа취İ취ˡǰԻ޴Ŀֻš
ǵڣôͣȾûˡ
ҲǴдС
ˡ
ӥͷ
⣬ڵĴɲǺù
£忴Ŷ棬ͻȻЦ
޷ѾÿһһһһһͰһͰɽ£а϶ǰˮϴϴ衣
ԼʲôȥЧ£Ѿ㹻ˡ
ȱˮԼһҲˡ
ǰÿһÿΣÿΣ߰˵ҲˣһҲֹܼȥûţ⣬ϰ߲ũʳô죿
ţȥ׷߲ˣҲеġݡ
˿ܻס˹ȴƫƫ׺ݡ¡öƣͲյסӵˡ
վɽȥǰˣһƬƽĺ󷽣ַˡǸôԶ嶼ܹԶ
һ֮ڣ۾ģѾʮ߰еˣȫʿ֮ġ¶ܲµó˹ʳﲻ㣬϶ǰ˹ϡ
Ͼϣѣ˹Ϊگųġ
ֻϧ˫Բͨͱ˵ȡ֣Ҳ꣬ҲԽԽ
ȥʲô֮ܿ以ںģ۽ˡ
ޣҲ벻ôһɡҪԸƣ͵øۣΣ˹ؾԲʤߣ
忴Զа
Ҫȥһ¡ӥͽˡ
仰תʧɽ

ɽ£ӪУ޴ʱĴҪĻҪصĶࡣ
һżѩ㲻ͣķɵ޵Уһ첻֪ս̽ڸԭʹ֮䡣ԭڱһʷǰĴߡ
ʮͷţڸԭϳƬƬͣĲ䵹ءţȻ˹˵ʳһ䣬ȾߣͲʳ
ʳ˲ţ򣬾˶Ⱦûκεľΰ취
ֻɼʮΧ˸ɿʵľأȴԭֻġ
ڵڴӰϵԭɢӰ֮󣬾ˡڰϵΧ߾Ѿ˴ľӽأնɱεţں͸溲սĴ󽫾˾ӡ
ԣ֪
Ҳܱ֤©֮㡣
޿ǰϣԽԽľڵ֮Ѿ˽Ҫͷﻢ¡ʹȥˡ
ӣ
޺ݺݵȭͷͷϸһ
Ϊϵ࣬һȳ겻룬˵ӡҲһֱĶţٶŭѾȫ˴޵ܷΧ
ڲԭϴɢߣɱ˳ǧԼţ򣬽ԭΪһƬ֮أ֪Ȼһʮġ
һֱΪǸЩ츳ȱıţֱһ֪ɽϵӵһűĻҪᡢµġ
һǧ鵽𣿡
޵
ش࣬ȥӰʵߣԭϵĲסǡңǵıҲǳǵһ׾Ͷˡ
Ӫʿڣһٹ֪˶á

ޱ˱۾ʲô
ˣ࣬ѩɽĸѾ׷ˡ
ʲô̧ͷ
֪ˡ
̧ͷӪʶˣȴû˿ĸı䡣ôʱ䣬֧ûнȻѾҵʲôѴѩɽˡ
ңοֲֻѾڸԭɢȴ˹صĽǼ꣬ʮ꣬ʮֻ֮šڸԭѾһƬ
ƻѾɣ˵ʲôѾˡ
ȥϢս֮ǰԭϵ鲻Ҫκ֪
ޱ۾½ڲʮĴ࣬һαƵֵز
ǣࡣ
ӪʴĴӦţʱһ£ܿվ
˵ɣ㵽ʲô
ͷҲ̧
࣬ɽϵǸСӡ˵ǵ˹
׳ŵӪĴ࣬ĿǵǡǸһеʼٸߣʱҪɢϢѵʱ
ᣡ
Ҳķͷ˫գϿ˿ı飺
Ȼɢߣһ;˵ΪҲκŵġ
˹شĺʳ﹩Ӧ⣬һܶѾ֪ˡǾԲ뵽Ǻ͸ԭһʷǰĴйء
Ϊȫѹšο廹һˡ


614 ս춯
ȥɣҺúõľһ
޵
Ӫյģ޵ǰȴһӰʱ˿̣֪ڶɽͷϣһһ˺Լһ˫üգͬĿ֮Уߡ
ʮʱ䣬³ԼĶ֣ͨҲԼĶ֣ȴû뵽ԼıռݾƵʱ򣬻ԼƽǿľС
һУѾעʤߣֻǱ˭ĸҶѡ
ǲġԲģ𣿡
ͷҲ̧ͻȻű֪ʲôʱֵĻصк¶һ˿ƣɫ
ģǲġԲᣡңԶ㣡
Ӱ֮Уһֻƣصİ˴޵ļϡ

۹ϣʹ޵ı˴˹֮£ӭѵõƽȻڴƣԼܱߵǿ˵ȴעƽġ
һȺһƷƵŬǴϵگ˹ؿʼġ
һе㣬Ҳעһеյ㡣
ʤܣעսֵʤܡ
߾۹ͻʺʳ֧֪˫۾ڶÿһմɳȥĸӣ֪١

ˣ˹˵ı˺ܶ࣡
¤һƬսļĿ꣬˺ۣһƬƵıϣһĸ߽׶ξŶͦεĸԭͻȻ
¤Ѿս֮кܾˡ
Խս⻹˹طһγּ
Ƕˣ溲ͷһƤ𪣬ݿѹ˶֮꣬Ҳӵһ־ʺ
溲ѹйΪƾġ󽫡Ĵݣǿʵг뻯ı
溲ϢǳֻǼ򵥵վͷͬһʵľһ㣬ͷһһε赲ס˹һˮĹ
˹˵ֱ仯溲ҲǺס
Ϥŵ޹»˹صĴ󽫾λڻءç֧֮ϣӦóִ
ԭˣ
ڸ溲üͷ˼ʱһءͣ͸һϵ˹¥棬һųϵһҺ֮࣬ǵ˲֪ʲôʱ
ȻòƽͣҲοݣǴ͸¶ģȴɽʹһ޾Ϣ
溲Ϊ󽫣ʵڸ£ǰҲһͷ
ʦ
溲ɫ΢䣬ͻȻһĹϹϾһ
Ը溲󽫵ݣ£ܹͷ˵ƵĽʦ£Ҳֻ̫ٱı˧ųƴսġáˡ
ڴƣ˶֪溲õĲ£εġΪһﵽڵĵز
Ǻ֪溲֮ĹϵԶֹͨĲºͳ֮Ĺϵ
ʵǣ溲ȫһġ
˵Ǹ溲õĲ£˵溲ȫһֽ̳ѧ˽£¤Ľڣ溲ҲӲƺôˣǳƺΪʦ
̫ٱ뿪ʦ飬Ѿֻ֪溲Ҳû뵽ô͵ˡ
սǰϤŵ޹»Բ׵ĳǸԭ䡣
΢վڳ¥棬ĿԶǸƮս죬µİɫս۶˹غϤŵ޹»˽⣬û˱øˡ
˱ǾСֻϧϤŵ޹»վһУܸá
ԭ䣿
溲΢΢üͷĺΪĸԭΣ˹ؿǴ⣬֮ΪݵĹȡ
˴κ˹صսɱϸԭ֮⣬ûκɱ
ԭصĵκͺΣʹ˸̫ʱ䡣ݵĵΣ˹ص۹ܳʲô⣿
ϵϢ𣿡
ͻȻڵ⡣
ϣ
ָ溲һסˣǿһ˿㵡
ϣʮ϶ѾսܣԮҲϮܣϢ溲յ
ڵϣѾݵ״̬ѵ£ϻܳʲôתɣ
˵ϳһʨӳǡ
ÿԶ
Ŷ
溲΢΢ü˿ãֿһϵķ˼

һССİ϶û³ôôͦ
ããĲԭ棬һ޴Уһ棬̹¶飬ĸߴͻ׳һ߳ĿȣһЩͷ
󺹣޺ͻֻˡʮ˹ϼʮگȫһСɽͷϣٳͻƲˡ
ͻʵڵϢ嫣ޱ޼ͬɽһ㡣
Ŷ϶ô˵ֻʮ򲻵ѵͨȻ˲ܣ
ǵĴ󺹣˵һСӣرگʹƻûнսڶƽԭһʨӳǣڵİ϶Ҳָӡ
Ŷ
ʩɺеȣ¶صɫ
󺹣վǵĵˣҪҪһѣ
̽ŵ
ͻȻһƬţֻԾ
ڵͻʺѾȫƱͥľˣһİگ˹أǾζš
ﾲĵ˭û˵
˵İɡ
ãʩɺڵ˵ͷڵ
⣬һǸ塣Ҫ֪Ϣ

ͻʺ߾ʳ֧ϳ־õս˵ע⣬û뵽ȱ³򣬰϶ڸ޷ʹ޵ķ¼ôá
ÿ۹ڲȡԼжگ˹أЩ۹ʼһЩСģսһЩ۹ʼ취˹غگṩֱӰ

ҹϮϮѾͣսֺĵڶˡ
߸Ʈ棬һϥšüͷţ΢΢͸һ˿ǵɫ
ڲǰ¶Լ뷨ҲΨһ˶ʱŻ¶еʵ뷨
ҹɫĿ⻺ӹɽ棬ӹɽľӣ¶һ˿׾ĵǡ
һֻľӣ
Ҳһֻľӣ
ѾҲõˣΪͬҲϾһֻӡ
ֻǴʱ˿̣ȴֻϸоһ˿ƣ
޵ϮӳЧˮԴ壬ֻ϶
һ˿첻Է
һȴ첻ˮ
ˮԴѾĵĲˡɽϽһˮѪҲĵĲˡΪȵȱˮ϶һֿڸ꣬ƣ״̬
ȻսǰѾˣڵĴǰҪƣ
̫أ⣬ôҪ˶ã϶᲻ս


615 սһ

ͻȻ֮䣬һ˼
ӣƱϢʮսʿվڵʱεѾǽʮˣеֵѾȥҽˡ
ľٹĹɽ£Ÿ߸ߵ˵ĵط
һǺܿͻָ
֪ˡԺгͲñˡ
ǣӡ
ٺܿ칧˳ȥ
սʤаܣս޷ġӣѾ൱ˡʲƲƣȲƱģӦȥǿôʤ̣
Ϊ֮
һ̾ϢųصĽŲӺ洫һװ֪ʲôʱĳĴӺ
ףֻ֪ǻⲻ˰
Ӧ
ⳡսܸ׻ͨϴ£˿ĶֻжĴ޺͸޷
˵һĲս
Ƕ˵ԶֹЩ
ǧ֮ѨӴĵ۹δ˿ܾȡһս֮ǰⳡ֮ս䲻Ҳ䡣
ΪǣģδĹˡ
լʺܴﵽһǹӵĹ͡ڵʵѾǻأˡԺΣڣǺˡ
ҹһͬʱ̤ͨŲӣĴһ˹
ӣǣ
ʲôֱ˵ɡ
ͬ˹
Ϊ˧ʵǲ뿪Ӫصġ˼һжͬˡʵѾһˣ˼˭Ҳûдš
ĳˣ
Ͽһ£壬ипһοѡʼǸʡĵӣΪ˴ƣΪΪϵİգǧԮյءϵı仯һ㡣
ȻΪֹ϶̫ףôͻȻ֮þñǴʱ˿̣һжҪˡһΪ׵ĽԺ
ףڴˣʱ䲻ˡ⼸죬˹غگǱӦþͻչжˡһΣ˹زءܾǺ˹ءگ֮һս
ûйĺֱ֧ӿżɽ
ֻһ仰µնʱޱȡ
漰ʿյİΣϺͨҲ͸صɫ
ʲôֱ˵Ҫϵĵطұضȫϣ
ͨһص
սܣﳼҲҪΡһУĳ̶ֳϾڰ
һԣҲ˵ͷ
ৣ
ǰһĳ۶ƿһ΢ɳ̡
ΪƾӵʵָӣսѾӡԺ֮С
ڵѾ˹ءگصͬһߡˮԴǱͬǺá桭ȻǵıҲĳɣֻʣ㣬˹ǱҲֻʣʮıǵѾԽԽ
һеĹؼѾǱߵľ
˵ɨһλͳ˧
ӵ˼
ͨ΢΢ü͸һ˿ɻս˼άԶԶģ³󶼻ҲԲñá
ĳЩʱ򣬳˵˻ǺѸԾ˼ά
ûж˵óĿʯӣӶһһ΢ɳϣ˹غɻگĵط
ء޷θȫдޡ࣬˹غگ󽫣
˵ŽǿŴ޵ʯӣȥ
ǻ书ģͬһвǻۡıԣ书Դвǻء޷Ͷθȫ󽫼ľǿ߶ѡ
ӣ˼
ͨü
ڵϽľֵθȫǱߣҲýжԣڸ޷ǱߡΪگ۹ĹǾԲ³ġʱǻ̫⡣
ʱ³³

ͨʱȻˡ
˵Ĳ޷ûгֻڵûصҪһѡһĳ԰϶ڵʵֵס
ǴУ̫ʱڵʥʱ£Ѿĥһ֮Ч£ƾƣʤǿǿʵġ󡱡󡱵󷨾ѧĻ
ⲻǾԶֻܱ򣬵ŴңҲԶ߲ǰ

仰Ϻͨ۾һ϶Ķսǲ˹غگģһװףѾǺʡ
Դһʼ˶λĲԾǾܵʱ䣬ȴ͢Ԯ
˼Ȼˡ
ӵ˼ѵʲôİ취ɣ
ͨŽɣ̽ŵ
ıܸߣǺɵġ˵ֶս֮սܹ֣е㲻ˡ
һԵû˵ĿȻҲǽཫɡ
ףͻսоô
ûֱ˵Ƿʵ
صʵǳǿĽɫǿӵǿķҾۼʮλ佫ڴʵʩչ񣬻ѹס
˼ŵ
Ȼڶ࣬վһ֮أܿͬʱԿеһ˶Կ£񡰾񡱡󷨼ϴ֮ԿԷսͱúбҪ
ʵϣҲǵ˴ĸһ˼оġ
ҲΪ֮ңǴƾŹ֮ӣŵôס񡱴ġ
ףٴκͻؽ֣Ͷ׼ĸ£߾Ѩ
ڰУڣͻȻڵ
Ŷ
϶壬дΪ⡣
Ǵ˵ģ
˹صĴ󽫣϶ǵһμϽ֪ʲôҸ¡Ѩ岻һεִսϲ֪ô֪ġ
֪ģʱѧһЩ˹Ժ;еһЩ˹ҲߵļҲһ˵ѩɽ书󲿷ּҸ£ǾѨͻٴν֣һԣջ񡣡

嵱Ȼûкʲô˹ھнȨ֮ҵӵЩҰˡߵüܵ˵ų⡣
Ϊ˵ףҲֻô˵ˡ
ѩɽ书а˴ɣȻֻҸ»߾ѨǰĴսȻûкͻؽ֣Ѿ硣
Ϊʥ侳۷ıʥ۹⻹еġ


616 ս޵
Ļҵʱһԡ
ϽŽɣʱѾûʲôõİ취ˣҲʱȨ֮ơ
ˣףڡ񡯴ǰһЩϢ˵Ըá
װͻȻʲôŵ
񣿣
ϺͨһһԾĿ塣
ӣȻʶ񣿣
ͨһץסֱۣ鼤ޱȡ֪츳ܸߣȴû徹Ȼʶ񻰴˵һľ
һλڵĴƿһĴڣܶ˵Ѿˣ徹Ȼ˵λ߸ϵľ
˵𣿡
һԵ϶¶𾪵ɫ
Ϻ뿪˾ʦͲ֪ͨһֱþϣ;ʦϢͨ͸Ӳ֪ˡ
ʵϣ֮ĹϵھǣҲֻмСȦ֪
ԡ

ǰ֣עǲ˵ġҲֻܼٽ͡þӸУлͣ˸Եüһ棬ǸϿҲһ
ֲó幫ӵıô
ͨ˫۷Ź⣬·ҵϾ츳ԭȻᣬǾ˵ĻһоͿԽˡ
ǰ˵ʲô
΢΢üͷؾ˵ݣ˵ʲô
Ƭ̣ܿ콫һ׹ڡ񡱴Ľķ˵˳
ںǳƽ٣ǧ߷ӵ룬ɽ飬ر㣬е书ؼٳΪܡ
Ϊ±Ԫ˧ϵġʥսҪԴƵļ׶ս󷨾ѧרŵо
ȻʱޣûܹȫгվһЩɹ񡱴Ϊ常׵ó󷨣ɹġ
Ȼ󱧷ţҪ񡱴ǲܵģǣС󷨵һĹȫԵġ
ս£˵ķԽԽľϰ񡱴ʱ䣬еϸ֦ĩġ
Ϊˣһƪķ֪һָߵķš
˵Ķ˵һķ˵һнһʽԶʱڴۼȫˮƽǿһ
һле󷨲߶ɾ޴帺ɣȷʵܹ
ǰ𣿡
ϰľ
ƵĶ󷨾ѧÿһŶԴԶǧģ񡰾񡱴Զ׷ݵ̫ڻʵʱڡ
ϴûȻ˿Խִ󷨻һ
󶼻ȺȮӽһ¾ˡ
ϵõĽķͼͣﻹסϵһվʤܣôܵȵˡ
ӣϾôǰû
һߣͨһ˵һˡ
еǰЩأ
Цĳ̶ֳ˵ĴһҲΪֻı̵İɣǡǡ෴ܹ
һһ㶼˵
˵ǡ
ͨȻ𾴡
ս֪ʲô뷨
ˣ֪گĴ󽫾θȫô
һ
Ŷ
ͨüͷһ壬ɫͻȻ˲١ΪԼ飬Ȼû뵽˶θȫ
ұǲ˵ģȻҾֱ˵ˣⳡսĵĴǻأǶθȫ
ͨɫޱȵ࣬ʶǵһϿֱ顣
ΣҲ¶ϸɫ
վж׺ݣҲжͷ㶼׼ǶǱڲݴţԷʤθȫߡ
ҹɫУͨ˵һ𾪲ѵĻͨ˵ӡһֱǶغⷬΪһ
û뵽ͨԶθȫ۾ȻôߣҲû뵽ͨơ֦Ҷʵеġ
ˣ֮սô£
ʳе⣬Ǿʹĥ飬ͨǲ˵ⷬġ
ͨ鴤һ£ӹһĨԸ׵ɫ
θȫӲ׳֣һֱ㣬㣬Ѱֱؼʱһ
ͨһĨѪɫ֮սԶĲҰܣĳ裬ҲԶȴجΡ
ԸȥĶ
ҹɫеս췢죬忴ŶעҪǧָĴ󶼻¶ʹࡢں޺ΣΪ֮ݡ
ͨ˽⣬һֱ˵Ŀڿھǽͷβۣ֮⣬һ֪
һ˽⵽ﳼ硣
ˡ
£ĵ˵ͷ
θȫ鷳ˣ⻹һ飬Ͷһ¡
Ŷ
ͨ΢¶һ˿ɫ
ͨʲôûֻ֪֪ͨǺ뿪ġ
ӷģĳ۸ʲôۣһ¡
ͨɫޱȵ֣ء
ǾͶˡ
͵
ͨ뿪֮ɽָֻ˼žһվ˵£д˷սеһѾǳˡ
սδǻء޻塢ͨû֪֪ⳡսʱѾԶˡ
֪Ǳôˣ
ڤڤͻȻɽͶ档ڵĴȻ֪޵ĴԲԼ϶١

ڵĴȷʵܲ
20ʿˮȥگľҽˡ
һ˹صĴٵϥأͷһĴһſ֮ࡣ
࣬گ˵ʳʺǣʿǶӣ취ǵʳⰡ
һ˹صĴ̲ס
֪ˣȥɡ
޻˻֣ķҡ
ֲ̫ʱ䣬վûӦǵʳ
һӺ洫泤ͬһһ㣬վڴ޵һ

޳̾Ϣһ
˵ǶԵģһβ֪
˹ش¶ʳگ˵ʳȻʱˣеıȫӡ
һЩʿΪֱ̫ʹȥ
˹˵θϰ߲گʳĽ
˹˵յĽ֧Ѹٵɥʧսȥ಻嵽죬˹شͻʧȥ԰϶в
Ѿûİ취ˣҲǲѶΪ֮ⳡսеڣͿ˭ֵܼã˭ȿǲ˺Ҳûˡ
ռϣǸôߵĴۣһС
޳


617 սɽϵˮԴ
ȻǰʲôûУƺܿһ˫۾ʼڿԼ
һεĽδ޶Լ䣬οһ17ꡣ
ǣаֵܼñǸ𣿡
صԶôϬ
޶ʱĬˡ
һܣⳡУ壬˭ûռʲôƣȻҲûܹŵ˵Լһֵܼ
ΣǶԲġһģ
޺ݺݵȭͷ
ϧҪٸһʱͺˡ
Ӫʶˣ仰û˵

˵ʱʱ죬ʱ򣬴޺ͻضжһ𶯵ƺʲôӪʶˡ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һֻɫŸʹӪʶ˻£Ӫ

޺ͻػ࿴һۣӶԷпͬľȡⲻһֻͨŸ룬ûмǴĻǲ֮ǰŸոյһֻŸ롣
ô˵ڶֻԲʲô
ȥ
سĬƬ̣Խ޴˹ȥӺɫŸϽ°ȣشԵɨһۣüͷɫԽԽŹ֡
ôˣ
ϲ㣡ڴ鷢ˡ
ָһеֽ˴Св죬ͷһۣɫˡ
̫ˣ
޿еϢ̲ס˳ϲѡ
ʱվˡ
ԭüͷʱչüĳҲʱһɨա
ɫŸֻһϢ
õĳֺԭ½ٴ˹ص۹ٴθоǰδевоĲʳʣ޲ϯ
Ҫ֪ÿϸԭռ˹ˡõļɵ˸ԭɢߡ
Ϊ˶Ըãϵϵһֵ¤֧Ԯ󽫾Ϥŵ޹»
Ҫ֪һĴϵٽ۹֮ս֪õļɵжô
ڴ˵Ҳһջ񣬺ѾӮ˸Ļʱ䡣
ȥӺ죬ս
޵Ц쳹ӪϿգµѸٵĴڴ
ߣأһȥԶĵס
޴Цţ߳Ӫʡ

˹˿ʼ췹ˣ
ɽϣ϶佫ۼһٿɽüͷ˴͡
˹غگÿ춼̽ӶɽϵĶ϶ĽʿֺγڽܵĹעǣ
˹˵ӪǰյԶûô࣬Ƕ̶ʱʮֹ
˹ʳگ˵ʳ
ٵɫһƬء
˹˵ʳˣѾܣǺͿʼʳگ˵ʳһεȫͬ
ô࣬˹Ѿȫگ˵ʳ
һϵ壬Ľũʳ
Ļ鷳ˣ˹˿Խگ˵ʳʳ⣬ȴûа취ˮԴ⣬ȥǾ䶨ˡ
޼վԱߣǵ
ø߹ӡ
תͷԵӥ
ӥ͹ӹϵȥ֪ͨӰɡ
ã
΢ӥվɽɫƽһ
Ѿ֪ˣòȥ˵ˡҹй鷳ˣԺͲҪȥˡ
ʿ£ϰ͢ڣ˵ϣȫһϡ
ӥߣֻ֪ڳŶѹӥϣԼܹ壬ֵѹ
˵ףҲֻ17갡
ӥĻһӳĬˣ޼١һ˫˫۾׷תɽϵķһӰһ

ˮԴˮԴѵľûʲôķ𣿡
Ժд˷
޺ͻǱߵĶѲ˹ʳⲻô׽ġˮʳĻϵĲ죬Ǵޱ̬ͿԵġ
ǣ޺ж˾ġټָûġ
ȻȴѾûʱˡ
϶ˮԴѾȫĿˣսҲնɱˣĻƱɡ
ڵĴѾ裬ҪıԵ
ˮԴˮԴһʲô취ġ
ڵѳζǣǰ֪ĺˮйصĶһ顣Ȼһ
ɽͣ
ѡΪӪկĻصʱ򣬾עˮԴһ޷⡣
ʱ仺ȥԺһƬհס
ⳡսֵܹһʵѾԤˣֻ䡣

ͻȻһʯͷ˶С
Сģ
̧ͷֻԶһɧңƺһսСһ˶ʯɽһǹ˹ȥ
ˣ
Ŀǿʯͷƶʯ䣬ͻȻһ⻮Ժ
ˣôˣ
鼤ͻȻЦ
뵽취ˣޣ䶨ˡ

أ
ػ£һʯͷ¶һع⻬Ķ棬ʲôûзһȺ˷׷ɻ´塣
ӣҪʲô
һ佫ʵ
ڰʱ֮ǰ´ЩŹֵȴʼû˵ԭ
ô࣬˵
һתߡ
أ
ڶĴ֣ɽϵ䣬û֪ʲôӥͷˮ
ֻ֪ʲôˮԴ
еɽͶһˮԴͽһֱǳˮ͸ʯһֱֿõˮԴ
Ȼ࣬ڵİ϶˵ȴġһˮԴԸı䰲϶ڵĴʹʿ
ʹޣ˵Ĵ˵ĶӡȻҵ˰취گ˵ʳ棬α겻αֻһʱȨ֮ƣֲ֧̫á
һεܣ˭ȼֲס˭ȵ£

һתߡ
һΣΣΡȻһδεʧܣʼûڳҪɽǳˮ١κɽӦþǳˮֻж٣ңˮ㼯ɽ³ֳͬˡ
ļУֵطɽǳˮ۳ɵġֶûеֵطôͦεɽͷûС
Ҫǣ֮ǰôһ꣬վڶѶֲ塣ô̵ʱ䣬ûеɽϾûнκεˮԴ
ɽزסˮģҲûеô졣
ΣһУ
ݺݵĽȭͷɽϣû֪ʲô˵ҲǻɣţԼһҵˮԴ


618 սƵѡ
أ
һ죬֪˶ٴΣɽ϶䣬Ҫڸʱڣ£һ䣵ɽȪпʯ籡
ǰ׻ųڿ趯ܣһɲǣ˶סˡȸֽĴٶŸ߾ٳ̬ʪһվһƬ㵡
ˮˮȻˮ
ӾȻɽڳˮ

޼١ӥ˶סˣΧʿ̲ס˷ܵĽ˶֪һֵɽ϶ڡ
Ǵû뵽ȻǺˮйءӥûϵӡ
ڸɺǺʯûжֲɽϣڳˮԴ˵ȫһ
壡
ֻһ˲䣬Χʿ׷ȥ˫ʯȪţһߺȣһ߼Ĳ
ƵˮԴڼǰѾȫĿˣ
ˮԴĿ֮ǰ˻˺ܳһˮԴơÿÿõˮǰ㡣׷еˮٵ˼㡣
ڼǰճķǰˡԭܼ򵥣Ϊû㹻ˮ
£Ƕۻ軨ڸˣҪǣΪȱˮ˶о֧ƣ
ûһɿ˺ܾõˣͻȻ֮һˮĸо
ָоֱ
Ÿʲôôһ۾͹𣿡
վɽ
ǣӣ
γѣæһϲõĸǵطȥôһȪȻһδεĻӶ֪ôҪ飬֪˭Ҫڿ졣
ӣ˵
һڣڣڡһʯʯУһǳˮϴʯ˳ЩȪ¡ˡ
սʿеʿʹţôʱ䣬ϲã˷ܵһ졣ɽ϶ǰ𣬴췹ף
սϣ˻ϲú˷ܣԱ
ЩȪܹӦֶã
ɽͶˣƮϡͨ岢վһ
ɽ£˴һţţ˶ÿ׺ˮнɽȪһ˷ܡϲòѣ˼׶ˡ
ôʱ䣬˵ϺͨõĻˡ
Ҳ֪
¶һ˿Цݣ˵ĻȴϺͨΪ⡣ôһɽͣжǳˮˮԼֶ೤ʱ䣬һû˿Ԥ
һ˵岢û˵
Բֵ̫á
ǳˮ޵ģȻûа취Ԥǻжֵܼ̫
ǹӻôôã췹
һԵͨعͷ΢΢ɫ
ְսôű󣬴ܵˡʲôָӣɽˮʣǽ֮࣬ȫͨǿ
ͨԭΪôſֽţôˮΪ㹻ˮû뵽Ĵ𰸾Ȼ
ɽϣ˶ţҲȵö͵ģûнסˮɽϵǡ
Ѿһ˷ˣ
ӣˮԴϵڹƻü
ͨһɫޱȡ
һԣȻû˵üͷȻҲںͨͬĹ۵㡣ˮȪ޵ģôˮԴƾǱġ
Ϊ߱Ҫ׵ġ
ؽƣ
ҡҡͷЦɫݣһգһжûгƿصĸо
ףڴˣڵǲӦýƣӦ÷ſֽţǴˮ˷ˮ
ϺͨסˡΪսϵͳ죬˾սӵзḻս飬ⷭ𰸡ҲԻˡ
Ϊʲô
üͷ˵Ŀͬʱ塣ڵ£˷ˮԴʲôǵľţһһܺõĽ͡
ףڴˣϵսչڣǾö˵սپãһ·ȥã
忪ڵ
⡭
λϵͳ˧ͬʱĬˡ
ǰһʱ䣬ϵԽԽáΪ㹻ʱȴ͢ǱɳԮ
ڣϻͨѾô˵ˡ
˭Ҳ֪Ԯʲôʱ򵽴Ԯûеִ£û㹻ˮԴʱϵԽãڴԽǲϾ˿첻Էȴ첻ˮ
ǱֻҪһ£ȻΧİ취϶Ͽ塣ҵʱ÷һһ䣬ͿԽ϶ȫû
Ƿ֮ߡ
ӣ˼ˡ
ͨͻȻڵ
Ͱ˼ɣ
һԣҲ֣صĵ˵ͷ

һ򣬵ɽ׻Ȫʯ˳Цʱɽ£еˡ
ɱȥϢܿʹ˴޺͸޷
Ȼ£
Ӫ޷ӵϢİҲĴӪＱ˳ȥȵ޷ϵֳʱߴӰѾĴǰˡ
ⲻܣ
ɽýˮŶеĻˮɫˣ԰ײѡ޴ĳʹ΢΢
ô£ԲܣԲܣ
޵۾ôã˵޷ˣʶôãǵһμ¶ֱ顣
޺ųơࡱࡱ̩ɽǰɫ䡱ӡ󡣾ǵ³սҵʱ򣬻ضûмɫ
ǰȻĳȫͬ
ƽձˮɽˮ鳬񷶳롣Ҫ֪ǿʯͷʯͷ
һɲǣ޻ޱȣֱҤ
֮սûбǰԤһ㣬ڶƽԭ޽һʨӳǣһ޿Խܣڱһ·£˳ĳ嵽һҲԽܣһʮ꣬Ȼӵ˿µıʮסڵʮͳͳԽܡ
޾޷ܣȻһͺͺûһõʯͷɽϣڳȪ
޴Сʫ飬ĵྭѧĵأͳͳأǴûκһϣᵽôһɽˮ
ǰ׻ˮϧĴɽһֱɽţôȫ˷ѵ޾ʵ
࣬ô죿
޷ʹ޲վһ𣬿ڵ޵ļƻ֪ͨģһжѾıˡ
Ȼƽձˮ϶ˮԴȻ֮ӭж⡣ô֮ǰǸƻǰѾˡ
ȥ˹˵⽫ԽԽأս½ԽԽǰ϶Ļָʵ
ƽڲ֪Ű϶Ǳб
Ѿûѡˣֻᣡǰս
޵ɫѿޱȣĸּһһ٣ҧ˵ġû뵽ⳡսռŵ£ȻᱻƵ־
࣬˵黹ûôءɽϵˮֶܼأ
޷԰ο


619 սĽ棡
˼ɽȪþһ죬ǵǶأʮ죿һ£Ǹãǡǡʮ죬һأ
ƽеĲԱߵĴٶܸо
޷һӳĬˡ
ÿµˣ
̧ͷɽϻˮ޷㱼ʲôһҫҲһѹҲò˵ĳɹˡ
ðգ˹غگȴȲ
˵òǵȲ𣡡
һԱߴθȫΪ춨˻
أ
һţŽǵ쳹գ¸֮ɽٴα˹Ũ̡گ˹صĴٴӿ
սϣ
Ǵ֮һսҲעһսһΣ˭Ҳû·עһݣսһ䣬һѪġս

ˣ
߸ߵɽϣһǳսͻȻ𣬽ǣǣļǡսͬһ㴫ɽͱ棬֮Զ
սٴڿն
Ͻٴͬһܾ޴սһת
һϵսеһǰ϶گ˹صĲӶ¶ƣ˫ʵԶʼʱ
йһˮԴľ
˹ʳọ̇̄Լӵš
ˣ˫֮ĽţշȵһջҪŨҵĶࡣ˹ءگǴƣ˫ףһ֮ϵĶԾﵽյ㡣
и̽;ս⽫֮һս
ӣڿս֮ǰҿһ𣿡
ǽǰˣĽɫŴһվŴ޺ͻأһվŸ޷Ͷθȫ
޺ͻ΢ǰ޷θȫ΢ں
ʼȣ޴Լȣû˵һյĴݣǶһ˿ϿҺƽսһ˫ʹ˸ֶκѾ޻˵ˡ
ǸϸĶ֣
һԺԼƽƽѷɫľУ
УѾԵ䣬ǰһԼͬĴڣ
˵ɣ
ɽϣɫƽվǰǸϺͨԼƵĽǡ
һսеͳ˧͸߲㽫վһ𣬺ڵĸ߲㽫Ǹգңңš
սһÿжһ־
̸Ǳ˴֮һ
ʮͣûпԴﵽ̶ֳȵı裬־ϡءԤ͵Ӧеġ壬еĵ壬һ֪һⷽ˵Сǹӱȴδ
ھս֮ǰӿԲ棬ӵЩʦԺη𣿡
ɽϣ
ĳ֣Ǻգƾճ֣ôıϵս֣һ˹غگ˵ʤսϳֵز
ʩչıһ㡣ֳı۹⣬ֱ˿ɼʹϸһһ㡣
ʲô˲ſԽ̳ͽܣֱǴ
֣ĳУһֱͬһڴ޵ҴսĿʼһֱ
ޱûָܹõ𰸣û뵽ȴ⡣
ɡ
һ¡¡״ԱߴȴһԵͨ
ޣ˹ص࣬ҲϵϽӦְɣ
ʲô
һ˷Ŀһ𿴹ȥɽ۵ͨ
λʦ
¡
־ͬһͷޡء޷λϵľͳͳɫθȫɫһףԵĲһ¡
ⲻܣ
۾ŵĿɽϢԶԶսֵĹע
һ˹ظԭͬجһĴڣڴ޻һСӵʱѾ֡
˵ǴƵս˹ظԭ˶־壬ɵʳѰĴڣôǱӿµħ
Ŀֲ˵ǰ˹һһģʱԽãĿ־Խ
˹ظԭجӡǵԴͷĹ׷ݵǰĲ
˶̸ɫĴڣᵽ־Ѿ񲻰ˡ
ʮǰѾˣͽܣ
޵ıܷӦǲţͨ˵ѡ
ڴƾʦ˽ʮ꣬ո֮˵;ãҲûкżʮ궼еĴ󳼶˵Ѿˣ
һԱߴϢŵľǷ٤ˡСھΪʣеϢͳͳ֪
˵ǴƾĴˣ٤š
ޣҪ֪ĴѾˣŲţǾˡмԸ㣬ǰţһ㾩ʦѾȷɡ
ͨЦ
ϣ˹˶ηβ֪ôܻŹ˹ʿĻأ
ңóǰ˭Խ̳ѧ˭䵱ʦ
ɽһƬţޡء޷θȫ˶Ĭ

ֻʮ꣬ǱѾԺʹƽƽй֮Ҫʦ治һ˿ġ
ǡǡУ˵ʦĻôһоͿԽˡ
ӳţһ仰֪ԸԸ
ϴǰŵ
ʲô;ֱ˵ɡ
΢΢Ц
սһ˫еĵѾȫþܴ޻ʲôıƣһûˡ
츳޶ԶԶ磬ѵõǻôᣬֻϧĳ̫˵Тιҳ£飬ͲԺⱨӦ𣿡
˵һ䣬ͫһĿбޱȵĹâսȻػƺһָ֧ԭɢߡ
ڵİϵһƬʬߺͻķϵĲ䣬һʷǰĴ󼢻ڸԭӡ
µǣⳡ߻ɢû֪ʲôʱŻ
Ĵͺ־Ϻ޶ľ˴ʧô޸ҧгݣ֮ǣֵܼʱ˵Ѿкˡ
仰巴Цˡ
岻ƲƣȲƱ
ֻ˵һ䡣
ֻҪӮⳡս⵽еıӦкη
ĳƣ佫ϧ޻̫СˣΪ˰ȫΪ˰ݣΪɢҲƣǧﱼϮ뵽ⳡעѲڵս
Ӿ뿪ʱûԻŻȥڸ˵壬ңӦ˵ʲô壿
Ϊ߿ЧҹϧëΪ
ԣϵģվ£ɫտտû˿η塣һɲ޶Ϊ֮ɫᡣ
ַӦΨһû뵽ľ˵򶨴ݡ


620 սյľս
֪ΪʲôͻȻǶԵġ
ƤɽķͻȻ
һսɱ˽Ϊ˹صĸ󻼡
˵Ź϶ҲһҪɱ壬ʼʱǲΪȻģһ̣ĿѾȻͬ˷츲صı仯
ıʹǻΣڸոһɲ¶飬ضΪ֮ݡ
ɳִƴӡδȻΪ˹ص۹ĸ֮úּĴڡ
ɳִƴӡδȻΪ˹ص۹ĸ֮úּĴڡ
ȻˣǾͲҪ뿪
޿ڵбâ
ӣ˵棬սϼ
˵仰˻еȣѸٵͷڹ̳Уʧãã纣ݷĴС
һ࣬޷ͶθȫվһĿɽһۣҲŴ޶ȥ
׼սˡ
ɽϣĮŴ޺͸޷ʧҲ˻ӣʧɽ
ˣ
ս쳹սնȻýˡ˹ˡگˣжŷǿҵս⡣
һվעҶпᣬҲע˽͵ɽϣҲվ
һΪս
˭û·ÿ˶ΪԼս

ڿʼˡ
۾ĵطããگ룬һ˫۾Ӱ֮Уעɽ
ȫͿˡ
޷ǵӰмڴ
˿䣬گС˹ѾʧˣֻܿԼˡ
һ߳׽˴޵ֻǵŴ޵棬޷û˵ѡگѾû·ʧôôĴۣʧܶ飬گ۹Ӵ˽һ겻
˭޷ܵĴۣ
սһǸ޷ﻹǶθȫ˭û·
һսȷʵʧˣҲû뵽ҵǸӻô·ģѾץסǸӵһѾ׵ǸӶܻ뿪϶ʷҲõսˡ
θȫ͵͵ģ΢Զһ㶼ȫ
ȫҾͽگĹ˺δˡޣ㣡
޷Ķθȫļ뿪ˡ

أ
һţŽ쳹أĺŽǣغǧگ˹ص糱ɽ͵ķӿȥ
͵һβͬһ˶ԼԵʲôҲ׵ȴԼʲôˣûκε·˶㾡ȫ
ɱ
֪˭һųǧһɱɽɽһ㡣
׼
ɽϣߵΧһ⡣ɽϣ϶ĳֹ˶һɱϢ
ȻɽʮԶƣȻ϶˵ĸоµĻ
ܻѾɱ˶ʮδɱ
ɭǶ
䣡
˷گ˹սʿӵûκε̽Ҳûǲӻǰ档һʼȫѹϡ
ɱǵĳǽѾһˣɽǾͳ׵ʧˡ
Ҫ£Ǹ࣬ǵĳ͹Ѿĵòˡ
ţϣǵķߣǾӮˣ
гǵĸǽΪ˹ص·
ȫ壡

ʿ˫ͨ죬𣬻ŵǹꪣƴȫɽϳȥ
䣡
һ̤𵴣һεĲƴɽѸ˷ɢȥѾ˵׵֮й⻷ͬӵеսʿϡ
ֻһ˲䣬սʿʵ֮й⻷Ѿﵽ˿Դսĵز
飬һֻҽص̤£ڵϵضɽҡ
ֲ֮й⻷̲סǰͷųڵʥ侳⻷һȦѤõĽɫͬ쫷һϯס
ո£ֻǧһȦȦĹ⻷һ£ɼȵ˲ָֻһЩվûдﵽԭľ硣
ʥ侳ǿߣǿĻһֲĹ似ܱƵû˹صĴ󽫳֣Ĺ֮й⻷ֹ⻷в֪
䣡
ԶԶĴ󷽣һٺݺݵĻе죬˲Ϣ䣬һ𵩾ŵľŰһ޴ʯǰ޴ĹеС
飡
ɿһǧľ޴ʯХŷգɽ󷽣޴սеԱߣһž޴ʯ飬ޱ޼ʣ˵档
ͣսļ棬Щ˹غʹʳңԶ𵩾Ҳûţگ˵ļල£Щ𵩾˰ʯĽɫ
ӴõĿʯϵĿ
ʱ䣬Щ𵩾ѾսеԱ߻˴ľʯ
䣬һʯɽһɸߵĸǽҷڵأ˻һ顢顢顭޴ʯһܼ꣬ϵ
Сģ
ɽϣҽһʿϵµʯꡣǣ˲Ϣʱ䣬һӰϵطգһʯͣ顣
ӥｫ޼ٽǹ𵩾˵ʯ꽻Ը
˵ţȸֳ˹ȥ
ʯӿ£ӲӲļ󡣲ȸͬ׵ؽʯֳ飬̶ȵĽʡͬʱӦԾʯв
󳵲ӣ׼
кһ
ǣ
һѸȥ
һεĴս϶ԶֹˮԴƻĴۣƴž޴ģɽϽĸǽ
£˴ĻشΪ˳չĿռ䡣
Һ
Ŀ¶⣬ضɽ£ͷʯ£ɫȴʼƽ򶨣ͺеһкԼ޹һ
һٲʮʮʮ
ɽ£ɵĺɫԽԽٶҲԽԽ졣ڡ
䣡
ǧģͰ϶ķߣصײһһɲǣɽͶڲ
֣һǰʮ
֣ڶǰʮ
֣ǰ䣡

̶ʱڣһַļ֧Ѿ˴룬ʣµļ֧Ѿˡ
Լÿһ취úÿһ꣬Ӫ÷ӵ
壬ƽȥϷ֧Ԯεסհͣ
Ի֮ǰǣβܵ˺
٣ɽѾޱãܱһҪסܸĴۣԲͻƣ
Žνһϱ׼Һ£
ɭǶ׼

һɽ϶ͬһתĻһţ˷ʿ˽ȥһһɡ


621 սͨĲ
ɭǶ󡱣һʮĲҴսԽĿֲϰзʽɭǶҲԽԽ
İ϶սʿһ壬ӳֲɱЧÿһﵽһ˵ĵز
ɱ
ɱ춯أսһʼʹﵽ˼Ϊҵĵز˹˵ʬ壬گ˵ʬ壬˵ʬ壬սʬ鲼ɽ塣
Ѫˮͬٲһ㣬ɽˢ£γһĻĿĵĳ
һ־־ĶԾ
ɽ£ĺ󷽣һλεĳбָգʱµĶԿսڣگ˹״ϳ̼ලӡ
κˣսܣն뷡
֮սʼһ򵥵ͻϮݱڿճ־õսѾʹս˫˸еƣ׺ö˹ˣھʳϴʳگ׵һϵ֮Ҳڽⳡս˹ظԭ
گ˸ףѾʹƾѣûк·ӮⳡսȴǵĽǴƵĳͷΪ
˵ĸĸ޶ΪµƷ
ֻӮˣת徺̸еء
οگ˹ء֮ԹһսôˣѾɱۣ
ﬣ
£ܡꪡɽһƬһƬƬ˸ɽÿһ̶˲ͣ£ÿһ̶ս˻Ŷء
ڼҵսϣź׵ĶڷĹһͷͷĲͣ£˵ˡ
ϲɱǧٰ߰ʮڵо
棡սһǧٶʮ
ϲɱһǧİڵо
棡սǧһʿټ٣
ϲɱǧڵо
棡սǧʿʧһ٣

ɽϣƺƣķԺС֮ʯϲ;֯һƬٲһ̶¡
ʱѾȫȥˡ
սѾе˼źͼҵĵز˱˼㣬һܵ˽ϵĴзһٸǽɽϷɱͣһϵĴȥ
ų֧ԮǰߣЩΣԲЩ嵽ɽ
ɳ²ӪȥԸ˹Ӫնȣնϣ
Һʱ׼
ȥ

һ۾ˡᡢ̣ʿݽĴ󽫣δĹˣǧĲϵաȫϵһս
Ѿѡ
еʱѧ
ס
ɽдƵĽ춼ͨ˫ۣһþƽĴ󺰣һսе˵ϵڴˣÿ˶оǿҵϢ
ϢŨҵͷƤ飬
ȻεĿɱսɽµãã޾ˮһ㣬ͺԶɱһ
壡
Ѿǿ֮ĩɽǾ·һ
һɽ򻧺
˵ķһɽ⡮ͼ³ʿɲ׷⣡

ããĺɫУһگ˹ص۹վɽϣͣ˻𣬶սһ˹صֻս̤һʯվȣ˼ֱӱһϡ
ķϢɽ͡
ÿ˶оһϣߴţǷɽӿȥ
أ
һţĺŽɽŽŽϣĺŽȻͬ¡һͬʱһɷ籩ǿϢ
ɽµķһƥ˻ߵȻһӰͦǹ趯죬ɢſ񡢰ԵϢ
ȻʲôûǵӰͬյһ㣬˲˵ע⡣
سˣ
Ŀûע⵽ĵطӰڴӰ֮УͬĬĬ˻ء
š
һ࣬θȫ˵ͷ
ӦǴ޵ļƻȫԣѾȫǱǸƵѾûκļƲˡ
ȫ̫ҡһ֣ضƵע⡣õĻᣡ
һ
Уڻʱ򣡡
θȫҡҡͷԥķˣںڰУĿİޱȡ
ٵһȣƬ̣ǳ׻˵ʱ򡣱£İɣĺͼ־һʵ֡΢Ҳȫɹ
θȫ͸¶һǿҵ־
֪
گ۹͸޷һⲻֹǸ޷ģ롣Ķ֮ϣŵһܾ֮ѹϱСɳΪ½ϵĺǿ
Σ۹ֹ£Ӳ
㣡ʱ䣬Ҿͻñ¿϶ﳹսĳ棡
θȫԶйâڡ
һ󽫣ھŵ
һ䣬һйƽ

¡
ضɽҡڼս
e
һɫĹâ̫ͬһɽӰĹâһ޴Ĵշԡϡңɽ֮У֮д޾ķ
أȣ䣡ˣ
޾ĹâػĴշӳеĸߴޱȣԶԶĿţ𺳣һľη֮ġ
𣡡
Ȼɽ𶯣ظûͻɹһӴĽ˻ţͬԶų˯һ㣬Ȼɽվͻؾҵսһ
䣡䣡䣡
ƺƣڽսನɽһ޴Ŀ磬ʯա
ּսѾͨķΧ˷˶˱ܡ
θȫûг𣿡
ϼ𡰾󡱺ͻؼսһʱһ࣬ͨһװ侲ʼ侲Ķɽ¡
Ϻͻؽֵĵط̫Զͨһʼûвֵ˼ͨ˵ⳡսһʼֻһ֣Ǿگġ󽫶θȫ
ͨλ󽫡ĶԹǴӽ쿪ʼ³ϵʱͨйԹ
κεĶԹԶȲ϶ƽԭǴβҰܡ
עͨһӵʹ
ؽûУĿǰΪֹֻлڳ֣
һԱߴܸͨߵģǶǰ϶ľ񡣶ڶθȫޣһ㶼ͨ١
θȫһֱڸ޷һֱûг֡
ͨߣİ϶佫һףȫǹ°£Χֻһһ춯Ǿܷ󡱣ȫ衰θȫǿѻ
ڴ֮ǰ˾κεս
ûеģ
һƮģ϶ĺɫս£ͨһڼףԶϣվڸ޷ǵǿӰüͷ
һմս˱ϽڴˡθȫѾźü죬ûеĴս
˫Ա󽫡޷ءθȫ˸޷ΪگľײսյأĿǰΪֹֻлس֡
ӿսڣθȫһֱĻһζûгֹǰҲͰˣڻʲô
ͨͻȻֲĸо


622 սֲĶθȫ
ˣ߹ӣȫ䱸
ͨüͻȻڵ
ǡ
ԥһ£ɽһۡڵѾڼȵĸ߸״̬һ˼άת
Կʮãã޼ʵ֪ϴ˿̵ѹжôӴ
ڼȫעָ״̬ˡ
ʱ˶κȥ
ܲôˣκһս߳⣬ǻֲθȫ֣ȴǵľȫûˡһָоθȫܿҪˡĶ߾Բ̵ôá
ͨ
Ϊϵ޵Уͨڶθȫǿҵֱθȫ̾Բˣǡǡ෴ס
ٵͷܿӦȥ
ͨΧٴμžͺɱҽսս޹һ
θȫθȫ㵽ıʲôҲ㵽ʲôҶһֱĶ㣬Բһ˿Ļᣡ
ͨһͷܿƽ
һսθȫעģ

ʱѾû壬ɽϵսң伤ҳ̶ѾԸӵĵزÿһ̣дɡڡƵսصĵ¡
صʬΪ̫࣬ɽϹ
ԭɫɽͣҲͱȾɺɫգŨҵѪζ
ˣ
ɽŵԶ˭Ҳûע⵽һ˫۾գһ£ȻѸٵʧ١

ɽͱ棬Ǽҵı
ӽɽĵطǸƮĺɫ϶սԵۡɽϵطȣʼޱȵİ
ְ£ȴһԵĲͽڿ
ΪʲôθȫʲôѵĲ𣿡
ɽϣͨΧе佫ڶǼܳгϵĶθȫսѾﵽֵزˣ˫˶أǶθȫڶûжֵļ
ģѵ޷Ͷθȫ׼𣿡
ͨݺݵҧ
ⳡս߳ϵʱžԵƽһ̣ͨòϣԼЩ̬ʧˡ
θȫԲֲѧܵųǡǡ෴Զ˸սﵽֵزԲ޶ԡ
֪ͨһʲôط˵ġ
ǰʲôûУеΣոȴԽԽŨҡ
ֲĸоöθȫֱ
ģģθȫһôݵģ
ͨݺݵȭͷ˫ĿĶԶǵӰǵڹ£ڸ޷ﱳӰ
֮սĳ·ֳǰ۵ʬ۵Ѫȣгǧ򣬰϶ʬ飬ǰ嫵ĶȾˡ
֮ս˵گӴľӣ˵ǸһֱںڰеˡǸؼʱ̣һ䴩˰϶ߣʮİ϶׵أǸõĶƽԭϡ
ΣҶԲһĻٴݵģ
ͨݺݵȭͷ˫һƬѪ졣

ͻȻһ󾪺Աߴһ϶Ľ׷׾ֵĿͨ
ˣѪ
ʲôʪܣյϣͨһ£ŷֲ֪ʲôʱѪ
Թ
ͨ΢ЩĿϵѪѪһ԰סŤģסȻԼĵӰڤڤУȴͻȻ·ʲôӹԺ
ͨվԺһƬհסȻǰʲôûУͨȴһƬ䡣
ã
̶ֻһ˲䣬ͨͻȻ׾ΪȾֶŤ
ӣСģ
ͨȻɽķ˻ߵĴ
ͨòν죬ֻϧһл̫ˡ
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ɽϣŸոȻͨķһۣһ̣ͬһžͺ˵ͶɽϣƵİ϶սʿҽţ˲䱻һɿֲըգ˷俪
˻ڿУѾǿµʳ˷飬֫ϱ衣
𣡡
һͷɫ˫ͷıۣմ󵶵ĺڰħ˲εض𣬳ɽϡɭǶ󡱵ıԵ䣬ֻһϷľӪ˲߽⣬Ķܱǹ󷽵ĳ󣬶һɷ顣
ʮɳĵһΪһĹ֮ۡУŨҵĸʴԵĺɫð

ĲҽһƬһɲǣʱ䶼·ֹˡ
θȫ
ǵ˲䱻߽⣬˺ѳһ޴ȱڣȻһͣ϶ȻֳһƬ
ô
ƺ֮սѾ˼Ϊؼʱ̣û뵽θȫʱ֣ǰû˿Ϣ
иеΪֲǣɭǶ󣬶θȫѡǡǡΪΪȱݵĵط
¡
ӿʼڣһֱһӴתɭǶ֪˶ٵһ̣ػͻȻͣ
θȫĹͬһѼ⵶˰϶࣬׵ĽĽ࣬ҲɭǶת
گҽվǰ϶֮գ
θȫ˫ͷı۵ĺڰħз쳹ս
ɽһηԼֻһξ͸ıսŤתϵս֣
𣡡
󽫾
ɱɽɱⰲ϶
󽫾䣬گҪӮˣ

ԭԵگڶθȫֵһɲ˲ʿ񣬳ǧگʿţڶθȫ󣬷ĳɱȥŶθȫȱڣɽȥ
ɱ
ֻگ˹ʿҲӿɽ
θȫӰǻԵģӦ㣬ɽİ϶ڽڰˣֻһ˲䣬θȫ򿪵ȱھֹ
ɱ
ɽϺɱ쳹أɽХһ˷ǧ糱ˮӵ׷׳ȱ֮С
̫ˣ󽫾ɹˣ
ɽ£٤Ц˷ܵͨ졣
ȫȻûʧ
У޷˫۷Ź⣬ѩޱȡսһ̣گ˹زֳҪӮⳡսơ
Ӹ޷ĽǶȿȥɽϵİ϶Ѿ֧飬ֳļ
ѡʱص㣬ֶΣθȫѾߣ
һɱ
ͨˣ
޷ɽɫƮĵطҲ̲סЦ
ʼգͨߵĴ󽫾һֱûж޷Ͷθȫô᲻˼
ֻϧħһߣһɣͨվǰܸθȫ

ⲻܣ
ʱ˿̣ͨŭ۾к¡¡ͬһһ㡣θȫĳ֣ͬһѼ⵶ĿϣȫѪܵġ


623 սȫ߱
ͨô޷ţԼһֱ۾Ŷθȫθȫȴɽϵһ򣬶ѡһ΢ʱһ˺ཨɭǶ
ͨǧʧˡ϶Ǵ˷Ĳҽͬһ޴ĳ쳹ͨĶߡ
͵ƭˣ
ͨݺݵ߬ȭͷڳʱ֮ͨ㷴ӦҲ׹θȫǰʩչһĻ͵컻յϷ
ǸվϣںڰеӰԲǶθȫ
޷
һͷԺͨʱһƬͨ
گ۹ܹͷųͶθȫͬϢģҲֻһ޷ˡ޷˶θȫĽɫôʣϵǸ޷һǼٵġ
֪ͨԼһĴǾעһֱڶθȫϣ˸޷λگĹ
ɣ
ʯ䣬ͷԺзӵһ̣ͨ˲ʩչ϶ǿġ󡱡

ֻһ춯صŭ𣬾˵ĿУһͷ˸Žľ޴ɽϺ¡¡εض
θȫ޳Сˣһս
ͨŭͬһ㣬ɽϿջ죬ɽͶŭ˲
䣡һֻ޴ĽƿʮɵĿռ䣬ѸŶθȫķ̤ȥ

θȫѸٱͨ޴Ļɽϼҵսһ
ӿʼڣھս֮Уһγֳ˧սϺͻأͨͶθȫ
ֻһѾ޷ı䣬θȫĳֳ׻ɽİ϶ȴ϶ֻаһ;
Ӯˡ
٤Цվ棬һ˺ϵۡƻѾɣΪگ۹̫ӣҲѾûбҪݣðԼĸˡ
٤죬ˣյϽҸӵ¡ƽһսҸӽʷᣬΪگĹ
޷ҲͲסе˷ܺϲãΪһսѾ֪ȴ˶ãڸô֮һˡ
گӦùһ磬޷ҲӦֻһС
̲ϣ£롣
һҪڽʵˡ
ʣȥˣҪΪگ۹һսɽͷ̫ӣ
٤˷ܵͨ죬һԾսһƥԣѸɽɳ۶ȥ

ӣʧأ
ӣϳִ
ӣ̫ˣǸǶְ
ӣǸô죿
ӣӡ
һǡֻŵͣĴУϣϣ϶ķȫʧصľأϢѩ׷׾ۼС
ʿڲϵӿȱڣͨȱڲϵļѹķ϶ǰδеû֮֡
̶ʱڣ϶ͳ˴δйľ޴
棡϶ս12344
棡϶ս14056
棡϶ս18423
棡϶ս21714

֮ʯľͬٲԺгˢ£̶ʱڣɽʬҰ϶սѾϴδս
ǰһƬѪ죬ŵѪζŨҵüϢЦ쳹ɽ
ܿһ˹صʿѾ˾ԼԶĵط
ɽʧأҹҹļأһ̼׵ʧܡ
ӹʯױǰ󲻹һ˲ʱ䡣
һɲǣ䣬׹ѡֻһ˲֮䣬˷Ӧ
ϣ
˵ĿУͻȻγϵ佣ɭȸֱֳָ񷡣
ŽܱϣϣԮϣ
֣һֻңǰʮ䣡
ˣ

ȫƶ󣡡
ӥｻˣ
УΪģס϶ԭҪĴ˲ֳһ˿ȶļ
ԭҪɭǶҲ͸¶һ˿ٴתơֻص޾ɭǶҲ֧š
ʱԲ̫ࡣ
ӣɣ
ɽϣӰ´£ֻڶ̶ʱ֮;ۼ˼ʮڡ
սһҲû̫֮ˡ
ϣ
ֳֳļʮڣȱڴ̤ȥ
û̫ԮҲû̫ǿ佫ȻȻسȥ
ΣҶԲģ
еȸֳԺһͷȻѸٵڿն
һն
һһӿбб£һնһ˹صۣһѪȪ廹ϣһͷ­ȴŷϳա
飡
һٴγһ˹ڶͷ­ٴηϳաţĿţš֮ͷ
ɱ壡
һگʿ壬۾һͻȻɲǼ䣬ʿ׷ӿ˹
֮У˵һ˶ɱģǸһ塣
ֻǽ죬ײʿ֪֮ս֮ϳôˣȫΪһˡ
ɱɵ壡򻧺
飬޾˷׷׸ı䷽򣬳
ǹ
飬һͬһĨ緭ϳգ˵ĿУһ޴ԴӸ߿մ£ڰ֮С
Ȼû˷ӦѸʧ
䣡
һ޴Ѻ۴ӿеϣ涼һ޴Ĺ֣󣬺˵ʬ׷׵أͷ­طɹ
ȸֳĴмֱҡ
ֻɱ¾ǵûжס˸ǰͺ̷˹
ɱ壬Ǿʤˣ
ΪֵǱ𣡡
ɵҪ£

һɲǣе׺ޱȣѪֻԽӼĵ׵ĲбѪ
ȻЩѾȫˣʱ˿̣˿̵еѪԺֻʣһͷ
ɱɱɱ


ʮ깦ǧ·ƺ¡Ӿǵڣҹҹ˼ıֶΣ׼ȻڣһмΪ
θȫһһ
еŬе࣬Ϊɻҡ
ΣҶԲģ
˫һ죬һ̣ﬣһѪɫĺϷɳһƣ৵ݽһگʿ壬ǵڶѪϵӿڣЩѪݼ£ϵϢԽԽǿԽԽ硣
һĸ
ƬƬսʿͣĵ£һ֪ƣսһããڴйµģͣս
¡
սҵʱͻȻ֮һ죬ɽҵĲһ¡
ˣ
ˣ

գ֮䣬һĴӱһ䣬Ȼعͷ
ˣһɲʱ䶼·ֹ£ֻϷߺȻս˻Уһ˹Цɽͷ
ǵΧư϶ʿʬˣۻɽΧѪɺӡ


624 սڶѪ֢
ˣ
һɲǣ䣬ҡ
ڶȱڣ
θȫȱڻûжϣɭǶֳ˵ڶȱڣ廷ܣĵطҲҪֲסˣɽϴ˷ǰ϶ǰĲҽС
ѵҪҴ𡭡
һɲǣĶڵѪޱ޾ʹ糱ˮӿǿҵ˼Ϣ
ΪʲôΪʲô
ΪʲôˣȴҪҾһУ
ѵһӻⱲӻҪôپһһӵ𣿡

Ѫһ󲻸ʶŭ˻𡣻УǰһĻĻٴθǰսյأҶ۵죬߽Ĵƣǧڿ־ʬҰΪݹǵĲգӣ̤ɢ;ߡ
еһУǴϵıʼġϲҾ綼޷̸ֹȥֹƵˣ
һ̣ʹ޷
ϱһ̣ʹࡢʡͻںٴθͷ
ģҲһǰٴݡ
ݺݵֵȸֵֽСֱȻھзһ춯صŭ

·ǻӦĺɽϣƺƣȻ֮һ޴ɫƷϣս˻ͻȻֵеˡ
ɽ£޶¶˳Ծɫ
ΣҶԲģ
ΣҶԲģ
ΣҶԲģ

ûʲôûʲôˣҵԼ
һԽԽڤڤУһɴδܵ·һȼգԽԽŭޱߵķŭʣǿҵĲʣһ̣
ϣ
һԽĽ쳹գеĳȻ
սսս
ɱɱɱ

ǧ˺ˣҲˣ˷Ҳ
ϲܵģƲܵģҲܣ

һ仰Ϊһ춯صĴ
ͣڿеһŵʿѸٵ¡ѪЩʿӿ㼯ڡ
ЩӵѪĳնһݼĳǱصĺĶ
꣬һ󳭶ӰܼĹڴڲܵȻθһأڣһɰģ˼ǿҲȻ
¡𶯣һ䣬һȫµĴ󾣼⻷µͬʱҲڴ˳ͨ侳ƿ̤㵽侳
ˣ
趯һѪķһֱӵңգ֮䣬ͷںڳʱѪɫ
ֹͷĳ۾ҲѪɫ˫ɱ¾ۿͱŰζ
ʱѾȫˣǰһƬѪ졣
ΣҲܣ
һԽԽǿҵĲʺͷŭԺ̳¡ٶȻ¡¡һƬѪɫƬƬȥ
ܣܣԲܣ
ӰٴӹĲҽУǳƬȥѪһǣ£ӿ뵽ڡ
ڣСţͻƵ侳һֱľڹѪݼ£ʵʼǰδеٶȷ
䣡
һֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ʹﵽ侳һصľ硣ʮ˴ڵϡ
ץס壬򻧺
޾սʿ˷ܵԶҲɱɾһ
ͣһĲҽУһŵͷ­ա
أ
ʵ
ɱֻһˣҪ£
ɱУһͷ޴Ӱɽͷһͷߴ𵩾ˡ˻ûȣһִģɰ̩ɽѹ㣬ɨ˹ȥ
ҵģ
𵩾ֻԼöԡ
ﬣִͻȻһΪϿڹ⻬羵Ӵ𵩾˿аصģǻûӦۣһ࣬Ҳݶ
أ
Ӵ𵩾Բ۾¡¡ŵصĵǰۺѪڡ
ɱɱɱɱǰˣҪӴ޾
ǰѪɫԽԽ졣
䣡
ǹ
ٴεֻһΣеԻѪԣ䣬ӿе£صɽ
ҽУɰǧսʿ£Ѫڱͬˮӿڡʵٴν
أ
ʲô
ʩչǹ׹µͬʱããҵѪ⼫ۣͬսһϢǿ侳گ佫
ȻѪеӰǺʣǵѪѾŵ˴
ﬣ侳گ佫кһȻһƥԣ籼׳㳯ɽ۶ȥ
ʮɣʮɣʮɣֻʮɵʱ򡪡
¡
һ侳گ佫ڿն𣬴ӿԽսʿһƥһ񱩵쫷磬Ӹ³帩ն˹ȥ
䣡
گ侳佫ͷ½ϣеĳصײһֻ¡һ̳ƺƣֻһȦԵĺںɫΪģҵıը
ɱ¾佫֮󱻵
ߣСӣˣ
گ佫Уһ˫۾ݺݵɨѪ
һ̣ۣһѸٵĲࡣ
گ佫۾ŵĿŲǱȻ峤һ˦һ˦ϣһ
侳أ
گ佫ʵٴαһء
ɱɱɱҪ޾
꣬ǽڱǣԭߴȻٴαһأԽĸߴΧŨҵۼɢ
СּҵսУֳɱ¾Խ࣬յԽ࣬ʵҲԽֲٶȡݣȫȫ֮ǰͬն
磬СһսֳĿֲ
ϲսɱһگ佫ɡ֮й⻷ڶ
һԺ𣬵û֮ʯľУܿͲˡҲû
䣡
һӣ¡ǿһĲҽУսʿͬսȫ˿С
ɱ
УĽǶһһңǻɱ
һ̣ಣ˶ͷ­ȫٶȣ׽Ӱ
أ
õ⼸ڽʵٴһ
ҡɱ¾ѪȡЩͳͳΪϡµǣлһɸǿڴʵ
ɱɱɱսսս
һǿҵɱзǣɱŨңڵɱĴ߶£Ƥһһ͹Ť
ǿҵɱʵʣҳˮԽԽǿңҪ˺šɱԽŨңԽͨ죬ѪҲԽԽŨңսҲԽԽĿ


625 սʵ
˭گĴ󽫾ѾȱˣΪʲôٳûйȥ
ɽ£һսɽϳɰǧȪըյսʿһ侳ص˹غĿһӹһĨ˵ɱ
ϣϵһľƷ䵶Ϣǿ˹佫˵ɽɶȥ֮䡪
䣡
˫ཻһɰ侳ص佫ȫƺƣͬһ㣬ΧһȦʿɿ
Ľ£⻷Ƶ޴ľ⻷֮أһεɫ۶Щ͸˹غĽ£㼯ڣ˲Ϣ佫һء
֮
˹˶ڹԶûô侳ص佫Ȼ֮ߣѾԴӴдȡԼˡ
Ȼ⿪ʯһһϵȴһɽͰ
¡ըɽͷըƽѪɫ쳤裬Ļͨ죬һ㣬ƾֻ͵ס˹غȫһ
ôܣ
˹غͫһŶ˫ѪɫıŰ˫һ䡣һƴȫǶԷ˫ֺ٣˫žͺ񳤴˴һ˿
һҪѿˣɽһ㣬ûжһ£йɾ޴
ôôǿ
˹غԲ۾һĲ˼顣
ʵûгأͬľ£ܣӲȫһȻһ£Իڸش
һ
κص߶Ѿǿ˷˵ĵز
Ȼ˹غĻԶûпʼ
꣬һֵתдı󣬹âãȻֳһͷ޴ģ۽ҵ
۵زؽգⲻǴѩɽľѧ𡭡
˹غһ
һǿӲסԼһҲˡȻ˹ظԭѩɽһľѧ
¡
۵زؽյļӳ£˫ַһ¡ֻһص˹غ˴طţһ·̳ͱصɳȥ
ⲻܣ
˹غһ˿ɫԼɵʵһ̣һѪϷӹֻͣòһۣһб˳ȥ
ÿٶȣ
˹غǰһڣʲôҲ֪ˡ
ʮǧ飬ɰǧսʿͣ˵ΧʬʬвƵĵۻһ𣬻һƬƬʬɽѪ
ΧµʬԽԽ࣬һ֪ܲƣĻһɽɱ¾ɢɱԽԽŨңնŤ
ЩսʿڵֲͣıСȡһѪڣϵƸʵ
Сųµһаֹʵһֵ쾡¡
ģԼûз֣һǿģѹƴϱ
ʼʱеսʿǲ֪ƣķӵڣֻҪһΧеսʿʼеǿҵĲսͺǰվŵĲһˣһħ
ô£ôôǿ󣿡
սôãΪʲôûмԽԽǿ
һˣû˿Լôã
СģҪ̫
Ϊʲôһȫղסˣ

˵ʼУǿƾóսɱĻôڣءأһоȫͬ
ÿ˶ϸܵһּΣյĸоͺһУʱԴ̽Լࡣ
ǸһǴƵͳ˧𣿡
ҰĵطһӰ΢΢۾ɢһĺâѾ䣬ɣǴݵһжϳݡ
ս˰£Ǹ߸ɽϣԶ˵µ꣬ӡÿһС
˹һΪͬ˶֪ǸƵ֮ǣ»еİ϶ҲԲܷŹǸꡣ
ߣɱҾ͸Ǹԭϵĵһʿ
ɣһԾһѷԱӴĸˣվھ˵ϡһ̣¡¡ضɽҡɫĸ̧һֻ˶Ľƣɣ󲽳ɽϿȥ
һͷ˴飬˽档
ÿ
һ˹ͬһ㣬ɽϿջ졣е˹仰糱ˮ׷ȥֻگ˲֪˵ʲô
ȻûȵǷӦһֻɽ˶ȭһһң磬ɽѪ
䣡
һ˵ļװһҵĲһ£𺧵ĿУͷ˵ȭƫͷϡ
˻һ󵹳ֻɽϣ̧ͷϿգֱ֧ͨһһȵĵס˸˵ȭͷ
Ǳɽȭȫûκε˺
һɲÿж͸ļɵ
ߣһ
һϿմֵͷ˵ʱɣһԾӸ˵ļϷԾ¡
¡
һ˺ѳգɣ˵һڿϳһʮɳĵ弱ն¡
䣬ʯ䣬һѪɫĹִڱУ˫һᣬסɣűɱһ
Ȼɣһ̺Űһ˴֮СĽʯ׷ѣֻаڵˡ
û
ɣͫһԾĿŵ¡ͷǣ壬Ϊľһܹһɱֻû뵽û
ˣɣ䵶һڣҪȴһĹѪһȻ˲ǰʧȥӰ
һĻɣԤϣȻûӦб㴫һޣȴƥƿٶ֮죬ɣеľ
ã
ɣһҲķԾһԵĸˡ䣬ͬʱѪһһĽâӹɣԭվĵط
âգͷ˵ȭȴһնΣ߸ߵķ˳ȥϿڴ⻬羵
һĻɣľϷһļƤ񣬸ոҪһ㣬նصľͲǸˣԼˡ
ȻһлԶûнѪɫĻһٴɣն
䣬ʯ䣬ɣոֵ̧סһһһѪ⵹ֻһβǰ
ôᡭٶôô죡
ɣʵȽ˹޻Ҫߣ˵ЩͨĽ죬磬嶼Ķ֡
ֳٶȡݣɣּĸֶ
죡
̫̫ˣ
ɽͷϣȫӰЩѪǰǰ󣬰Χеĸˣһʱ֮ɣٶȣֲǼٵģֻնĲӰ


626 ս侳
ϣϣϣ
ɣһʵʩչ˼ޣе䵶ˮòÿһ㾡ȫĹȫֻм֮޻֮
ٶȫԽľ緶룬ɣˣﵽء֮󣬡ӰҲʵı仯һµľ硣
ɣԽԽľ̲ס
˹ҺҪɱڴˣ˿ɵ
ɣŭͬһɽϿը쳹սֹ˹ذϵ佫ǣͬҲɽµĴޡ
壡
ɽ£Ŀһĵط˹ȥ־ĳħһ˲̼˴ޡ
˵һ飬ǰⳡսʤܻô޹עǾ
Ҫܰ϶ȸɱ壬ζ뿪հۣ͡һȥ
ɽѪⷢĵطгɱ
ˣ
޵ѸٵĴսɽͱ棬е˹ش˲һı仯
ɱ壡
Ϸɱɽ

ɽϣһɽХ˻ո£ֻս˻˹飬ͬһӸطӿϷɽ
ɱ壡ԭһʿ
һƥƥսԾɽϵ˹ؽĿ絶ϱһ쫷ǿϢ
ͨʿЩ˹صĽҪǿĶ࣬ҲҪ͵Ķࡣ
¡𶯣һ󾣼⻷׹£ÿһ󾣼⻷һ˹ص侳佫
ϣ
ս˻Уʮ˹ؽĿ¶׹⣬һ䵶Ӹ弲նȥ
飡飡飡
һͷͷս˻׹أϳһ޴Ѫûǿе˹ؽ⵽Ĺ
ϣ
һ˹ؽϣ廹ԾĶһ̣һѪ˹ؽ˴˲նΡ
飡飡飡
ڶһ˹ؽ컹ûгԶͱնɱɽɢΪһɹѪգڡ
̶ֻ꣬ʱڣʵٴαһأءأһ·嵽أٵ۷塣
ã
ɣɫ䣬㷴ӦʱҲʶԼһ޴Ĵ
ıǽĶǿΪΧͬʱһΧ壬˹ص۹ĸ֮ɽնɱ
ɣȴˣʱ˿̵Ϊܶ˹ؽѾĶˡ
Щͼ˹ؽɽֻǳΪ֣ȫΪǵԽĿֲ
侳߰صʱ򣬾ѾǿҵвˣԸһԵǻĸоڵõЩ˹ؽǡ
ͷոӹԺһ̣ɣһһѪϸ˿ͻȻĶͷУҴӶͷһ·չӡ͡šӵϣӴĸһΪ
벻Ȼϣ
ɣԲ۾ֻûޱȣٶ̫ˣ̫̫ˣεͷͱնɱˡ
أ
˵ĿУɣվڸ˵ļϣҵıը
ͬʱЩڡ֮ٻĸ˺ˣҲ˲صĵ£Ϊм顣
ɱ
ԴԴϵ˹ؽʿɽ³Ǿͬһ㽫ûɽκһ£жôǿעҪĶ
ȴȻͬ
һƣɱ¾һɽͣʩչʬԽԽ࣬µսʿʬۻɽ纣
ɱ¾УʵԽԽǿԽԽߣľսĿУĻ侳ȥ
ģԲģԶģ
еźԽԽǿңѾȫоʹĵϣҪô̵׵£ҪôѪɫ
һ̡̣̣
ʱѾʧȥ壬Ѿ磬ԼеһУֻʣһսͷ
ɽϵʬصԽԽߣ֪˶ãһɰģȵģͬɽҵڱ
¡
Ժֻһ춯صľ졣
ɲǼ䣬綼񰲾ɽϣǰͺ̣ԴԴϣͺԶηսʿһ¶˿ֻšηɫ
侳ﵽ˻侳
ô᣿
ֻ侳սʿԸ侳ǿߣ
ˣˣ
ɱɽ˶·һ

˷Ŀ⿴¶η塢ɫһЩû
ӿʼڣѾնɱ˳ǧگ˹ʿÿ˶Ϊ߶ʵǵûе£ԽԽ£һͻƵ˻侳
ƺƣվڳǧʬϣһͷ˴ϣȴڵסһ˫׺ݡŰɱѪ
Ӹ£ֻǼ򵥵ؿһۣΧһ󾪺Ǻޱߡ޾Ŀֲɱŵеսʿ׷ȥ
ÿɱ
һӸ߿дδ䣬һ޴Ӱصǰ
ϣһ޴İɫʮɽϣʮֱͬһֱָաէһͬһ־޴İɫһ㡣
޴İɫʮ΢壬ɢһǿҵױϢ
հͣʱλ廢֮ڸ˹
䣡
û˷ӦһɫĵبʮɸߣͻȻʱհûһ¡
ٶȺʵհ;ǰȺֻۣ֮ϣ֮¡
ˣհ͵ٶȿ죬ٶҲ˿ֻ˫һᣬѸٵסհһ
¡¡ɽͲɫʮĶ棬ֳһʮɳľ޴֣̳ɽͷ
ǰ֮ڣһƬƽһƬƽ̹κεӹĺۼ
հƴһȻȫֵ
ôܣȻԵֵסҵһ
ɫʮڣհͫ¶𾪵ɫɡڡϡͨءθȫи޷ЩĶͳ˧֮⣬ֻһԺһϸ¡
ȻҲַʽӲһıȻ书Ϻֱͥš
ĵʲô书û˿Ժʹѩɽ书࿹⣬ⲻܣ
հ͸оܵ˾޴ĳ𺳡
Ȼô̵ʱڣͻͽֵزȫΥ֪ѧԭͳʶ书ؼ͸ֵأ̺ĴѩɽҲ
Сӣ㵽ʲô
հͻȻԼʹһȫ͹꣬ϵһУԳȥĦ
䣡
հô룬ڴʱ˵ȫû壬հ͹һ̣Ѹٷ˷


627 սƣ룡
ˣâһѸٴʮǰʧΧսʿûв׽ӰѾ˲ʮĲ档
ཻĽֲһʮһֱȫֵѩɽʮԹ籩ƣ۹ٶܵУʮֱǰңȫûǡ
һ򷢶ʮ˵ȫֵܵ¡
ҵҪ㵽жı£
Ĺѳ׼ŭհͣΪ廢֮ףհͲԼܸһƵꡣϣɫʮְֱתһ̶Ľ֮
¡һհͺͬʱʧ˵ҰУ˵ٶȶﵽ˼ޡɽ˵ĲӰ
䣡䣡䣡
һɽϵıŨŨ̳ɽʬʬʯھ޴·˷
ʱհ͵һνѩɽʮֵزɫʮֱۣհͱĹͬ塢侳ǿͬʱ巢
˹ظԭհ͵ĹǶµģǴۺĲǿ߶޷֮ȡ
ȴ塣
հ͵ʮ죬ٶҲ۹ʩչޣͬһ˱仯ֱһ㣬˫ֵСȸֽҲʩչ˼¡
Ȼ۹Զհ͵ʮᣬѾԺհһϸˡ
䣡䣡䣡
ʮʮֱ۾ʮÿһ൱һ֣ʮֱ۲ͣһҽǣ޺ۼͣ
սӽβگ˹ؼӮʤԼʮݷ۷ܺľԪս֮вϵһڣհѾںˡ
Ǵɱϵİס
ʵϣհͶΪжݣ֮Ϊ˹ظԭĸ󻼡˹ظԭ飬Ȼ֪Ĳ࣬հ֪ġ
Ķ֣ĻǺΣΪ˹ص۹Ҳܷȥ
䣡䣡䣡
հԽԽľǰǸѪĴ񡢻֮УֳսȴȫȻ෴
Ȼ֮УֳսȴհּĸֶΪ֮ĺٶȿ쵽£ƫƫÿһÿһʽ򵥡ݣЧ
ÿһʽûκһʽеһжΪΪ١Чɱɱ˵ˡ
ɱɱǸСӣ
ϣɱСӣͣ
Ѿסһϣһ֮

հ͵ס壬˷ոմӺ󷽸˹ؽʿоᣬ׷׳˹Ҫæ
ˣ
һͻƺǸܵвâһհ͵˲ʧȥӰûհͷӦһĲҽУɰǧսʿգûͷֳһζΣ֫ϱ衣
ã
հΪ˹廢֮ףһĻҲʱɫһжˣ쳹صĺɱԼ˷飬ϳϵݼ塣
ƺȫհͣתĿ׼Щʿ
һóСߣټһëϷȸֻֽҵսϸܵС
ǣСܹϵĴ˵ϼȡĳɳԶֹһ㡣

Ĳҽ˷Ϸս߶ս¡հͻʮ׷һݺݵ׷ʱɽѾʿӰ侳ġ侳ǣѪһ㡣
ĶҪɱ㣡
ɽϣȱڣɰǧնɱսʿհһ۾ˣһŭб
ǰɱˣֱ˹ذϵ廢֮ףܹ裿
¡𶯣һ̣հ˲ȫ޴ʮʮֱ𣬿֮ǰٶ幥ȥ
հͻûܿ壬ͻ𡪡
ˣ
ûκεףһεͻȻͬһεļһհ͵ϡհͻûзӦȻ֮䣬˵ʵͽһ
ͻľ仯ʹհͻʮƲסԵڵϡ
ϲɱʮԶ彫죬ɹ֮й⻷
հͲ֪ʱ˿̣һԺ𡣵ȴһȫµĹ⻷Ľ¡
һ޴ľ⻷⻷ɰɫɣ⻷棬ӰֳǹꪡᡢܡȸӰ
¡ֻһɲǼ䣬صĹ⻷Ľ£չɽͱ档
ƺƣո£Ĺ⻷𲻶ֻһΣͨʿϵĹ⻷仯佫ϵĹ⻷ȼ½һ
ֻһ˲䣬ɽ佫ѹһ㼶հ͡
⵽ʲô⻷
հɫˣдûмĹ⻷
磬ÿһ⻷öǿԼֻ岻һƺȫǳԷȥġ֮ǰҲͰˣһΣհͶܵӰ죡
ϳ֮֡й⻷սľƶʱ˲ı䡣
䣬һⱼ׳磬ֱհͶȥհ͵ʵȫԵסһΣհ;Ȼ˰ġ
ۣ
Ѫ
հиոһصͷһѷоѾҲĿףһݺݵݽࡣ
ͨ
հ˫ϥһ˫ץŵĹڵϣԴԴϵǱа˹ȥ
Ӧõģ
հ͵ţԼɱģȻᱻɱһ֮СĹ⻷׵ĴĽ࣬Ҳ
භ
հּһٶϵĲпܵĽοǡ֮Сֿ佫ʵĹ⻷
ˣ
հ˫ϥ˫ŽȥɲǣһžʯˮУɽ˲ڶããľһƬȻ
˶һĻˡ
һ˫˫۾հ͹򵹵ʬ壬ǰǵģͨӰĿиֳŨŨĿ־壬ͺ濴Ĳˣĳħ˵
û뵽հ;Ȼַʽ
ͣ
һãհ͵ͷ­룬߸߷ʱһǿҵĿֻŶʱȺɢһֱηͣɱڸоĿ־塣
һɱĹôˣԶ䣬Զһ
սսս
ɱɱɱ

ɽͣսˣսѪɫâ֮ؾֵʬʮٸǧ
ǲҺԽݼеɱ⣬һһɽϲͣŰ
ããͺһΧһƬžƺ֮СڣеѪɫȥĻָһǣΧʱҲоһˡ
ʱǹɷģһȼգʹĵȥ
ڽѸоһƣ
СܣСܡ
ڤڤУһڶнлţСúԶԶ


628 սѣѪ
˭˭ڽл
ƺʲôǰζ弸ʶһ˳ȥϣУͬһҵǣҲѪɫ硣
Уսɱٴδ
ۣһۿһŽġ࿡ݵӡ
磿
Ŀǰ꣬һĲšǰǽǹģǵǵĿȻĴ
ɫЩ԰ף൱
ͬҲʱע⵽ԼеĽʹеһȸֽݺݵײһ˻ű˴˵жԣս״̬
ѪܣƺˣһЩۺȸֵĺۼ
ô£
ԺһƬ㵡ֻǵԼϷķߣʲôҲǵˡ
Сܣôˣ
ʵȻϱƽȴ͸һĽǺ͵ǡ
һá
Ĵ
㻹ǵøոշʲô𣿡
С̽ŵ
ҡҡͷֻǵԼθȫƵȱڣһŲǵáӲǵΪʲôԼʹս

һ̬Եࡣ
ӣûˣûˣ
󷽣ӥͬ˿
忴С̬뵽ʲôǺܿ죬ĶϷߡ
ǵãָȨӥ֮ǰϷ߾Ѿˡ
Сܣһȣȱͷ
оʲôɫ΢䣬ס壬Ѿˡ
ƺƣתͷ˱ǵһĻĽ£ããʬǧ򣬲ɽʬʬս졭޾ɺѪˮͬһ㣬ʹҰ׵ʬ壬ٲһһ·ȥ
߰˰ɵķΧڣûһʿվеگ˹صʿɫ԰ףԶԶľ뿴Լͬһħһ㣬ǿ־塣
ֻת˸ӣȥһۣЩ¡׺Ƶսʿŵ÷׷ȥ
ĿӹϷߣ忴ɣʬ壬Ҳհ͵ʬ壬ڽʬ塭
һ𣿡
ǰһĻ𶯲ѡ
ȫǰ޵ĳ
вţǿɽϣЩսʿͬħ㿴Լ۹⣬ŨŨѪζȻƣȴʢѪʲô
СܣҪˡս
һװӺ
ⳡսԶûн
û˵Ȼһ֮ڹؼʱ˶ϵķߣˮսʿȥⳡսԶûн
ɭǶİϣҲ˶ϵķߣı˾ֲĸ֡״̬ɱЩսʿȻǧ򣬵ڻʣ¶ʮ˵ɱһ˻㲻ʲô
ϷߡߡϲЩڼս
޴ɽϣϻġ񡱺ͻصĴշӻڼսߣͨġ񡱺Ͷθȫ˫ͷı۵ĺڰħҲսš
˶սʿȴҲʹЩսʿӿ˷ߡ
СܣһҪ㣬ƻҪ㣡
ǰ壬Ŀ͸һ˿ڴ
ӻã˵ʵܴߵһôãܾȺܾȣ
ȻͬͬĸѪֵܣ֪ǰӡƤϾȻôǿҵս츳
ڱϵ裬ʣСԶԶԼġ
ʱҲֻСܴܲ߳һ·ˡ
СܣսǳҶ֧㡣սʤǱ֮ֵܼһѾ൱ˡگ˺˹˱Ͼʵ̫̫ˡ

սûнҲûеһǰ϶ҪˣǼѡսһжü
ȨԼСС
᳷룡һսҾԲ᳷룡
Ļû˵ͱˡϷ߻ûƣʱסˣһоͻлᡣﬣˢһ³˳˵ɽȥ
ӥ
ԺУ֮ʯľӶ಻ϡ϶һǳΣյˮƽµʱᱻĨɱ
Լˡ
϶û·
ͬû·
ֻҪ϶һŵһ㣬ءһˣ˲ʱǽһ϶ĴУһ֮Σ⡣
Ҳ֪ɽϣˣڣ˭û·
Ҷ˵һսԶûеʧܵĵز
һжת

ɫƮɽϣ֧߸ߵͱնϣϿڴµ˹䵶˺ֻۡǣֻŴƣŰ϶ʣ°ֱ֮ģµĲɽ
ܲվɽȥɽʬۣڴսʿڸطսԭĶߣҲ֪ʲôʱֲˡ
磡
ȻȫǵøոշʲôӲ֪ʲôʱֺϵġǿЩϤűʲôˡ
ʣؼʱǴֲ֣˶ߵȱڡ
󳷣ܱǰ
߷ŽǹֱϷ򣡡
߷򣬵ڶֱǰʮи˹گˡ
󳷣ɽ
ֲռ֧뾡취ۼһꡣ
ɽۼ뾡취һģ
޼֡λָȨԸ٣ܽͶֵս취Ըߵľţ
壬Ϸƶʮģʮ߷ƶڶʮʮӶƶɭǶȫ˶

վ£ӶķһϵеϷߵȱںͶߵȱڱ֮󣬰϶ɭǶٵΣմ󽵵͡
θȫһȻҲвɭǶ˴İ϶ȴҲͬɽճ˴Ŀռ䣬ٴδݶɭǶĻᡣ
ˣ
һܵӶϵĴȥ£϶ҵĹһٴ򶨣
ѡ󳷣ߣɽۼʱԭ͵ɭǶڹģС֮󣬾Ȼٴλת
ԽתԽ죬Խתȥ
ôܻ
ɽ£һĻɫˡθȫΪ󽫡λڡء֮¡ضȫûйϽȨȻҲ޷Լ²ж
˵ʵλôãͻȻ֮䷢һ޶൱⡣òϣж൱Ч
ò׽ɭǶ彫ɭǶٴƶת
ʶɭǶɱˣ֪Ƕگ˹˵ζʲô
ǾһܷĽ


629 ս֣
ȥһдۣȫѹ
̶ӺͶսӵʿҲȥ۸ĴۣԲǸһｫٴת

˵󣬴޼Ǽĺ
һšƣѾǲжԼûƵֵزˡֹؼʱ̣Եֶ֣ɲǡ
ּĶֻ֣Ҫһʧ󣬾ױ׵ķ̡
޾ʧߡ
գ
ս߼Ũ̹ڴ޵£е糱ɽȫѹɽϣ߳ϵĸǽѾ
ڵİ϶˵вѾԶ֮ǰô
֣䣡
Ǵޡ޷ǱβԸ⣬ҲεĲԸɽϵĹֲӣʰɽϵļ֧֮ĹʱƵһЩʼػںĵĹֲӣӳҲؼá
ݣ
ļ£ڶһƬ˹غگʿĹؼڵ㴦ʱŵһһң˴ƬĻң˾ֲĻңȫĽࡣ
϶ӭؼĻᡣ
¡
ɽȻһ𣬰϶СܶġɭǶٴκ¡¡תȻģС࣬ȴɽصխСص㣬ʹɱ¾ٴο˿ֲ
ʿ׷׵£گ˹һٴڴơԺУ֮ʯϵľֵƵҲûôߣֻǰ϶ĴȻԶԶûн
ӣĲ𣿡
ɽϣӥĽڵİ϶Ȼٴչֳǿսÿһ϶սʿսʿᡣ
ȥõҲܾˣȻܵش϶Ҳƴһս
ӥԼ⼸϶սӥҲԹ޻ڣȴ
ӵһԶ佫ָ츳ⳡ֮սõĳ֮
ѾڴޡЩǰֵչԼʮԿʮлмʮбսǿһ㣬Լ
۱裬޶Ȳ
ʱգ츳ȻΪƵϣͺӦ
ӥ΢ͷĿйâһֲֻУڵ˼ȫϣӥпţֻҪԣ岻Ը뿪Ϳǿгֻ壬
ǻû䣬ǻû䡭˹غگûӮǻлʤϣ
ͻȻһУӥͷµ壬Ĵ㵡
˵ʲô
սһӥ֪϶ȡʤеֶζѾʹеĵҲȫþеĶϣӥʵǿ϶ﻹлʤϣ
Ӳ˵ţرֹؼʱ
ǻϣһϣ
ٴ˵̧ͷ۾棬صһˣĿޱȡƻû䣬϶Ҳû䣬ֻ֪ϻһ˿ᣬҲϣ
е鶼Ѿ׵һжˡ
ϷԶ˵һֻԼĻ
еļƲߣ嶼Ѿдڽ棬Ƕһλܼܲʱִսȴްա
˵УڣֻϣѾ
ȻվҪһ
ӥźţ

ӥһ㵣ûӦ
ǰҸ˵ź𣿡
忪ڵתӥޱȡ
ʯ䣬һͷӹԺӥͻȻʲôǰ˵һҪźţʲôûн
ӥûǸźֹؼʱ򣬶Ҿ㵽ڣӥҲǸźŴʲô
ণ
һ̣սͻȻһ߿ӥХͷܲ·֪ʲôʱһֱ˶ľӥƲзһнģ˭Ҳ֪С
߿ӥХ쳹ա
ʲô
ͻȻľٶ˵ע⣬ɽ£޷޷׷̧ͷֻ˶ľӥ
ڼҵսϣֻͻȻеľӥرͻأȻ֪ʲôǳڶ˽⣬λگ˹صͳ˧ܵıŨŨľ衣
ȻӥХһ䣬ȴʲôûзԶĵģһƬƽսϣҵսȻڼûκεĸı䡣
Ǹһﵽڸʲô
۾ͷľӥͻȻֵľӥȴʲôûиı䣬ȫ
һ࣬޷ɻһ㶼١
ȻٲߣǶǸҵӣľһ㶼ȴ١
ʲôƲߣʱͳͳûˡ޾Ͳţʱˣ㻹ʲô
޷ͷĿбâ
ϵսѾ춨޷Ѿ֤ƲǲԴܵġȻʧأֻҪگ˹ص˹ϵڣگܹӦԴƽĴ
ҪǣֻҪôϣگܹ߳Ϊ˶Ըͬĵˣ޷Ҳ취۹Ԯ
գگ۹еʧֲһøĺô
Ǹ޷ⳡ֮սĶλ
޷Ժеͷûгãһ̣ϵҰҰľȫˡ
£쿴
֪˭ڵ޷ʶתͷ˳Ǹķ򿴹ȥֻؾͷһŨŨĺͻȻڿն
еһеڶؾͷܵĻỤ̃ԶԶأӵĽкʹ
һɲǣ޷ػϵѪɫʵøɸɾò԰ֽλײ¶ĵеһ¶ֻźͲ
֣
޷ԺֻʣһͷǸگʳĵطΪ˱ⱻҹϮջ֣޷رֽ˴󷽣˾Ӱء
˹غگÿļرǺڣ޷ﻹҪ˹صоԸ޷ﻹر˴۷޽һ޴֡
޷ô벻ʮ֣Ȼʱܵ͵ϮܵĻỤ̃ⳡԲС
еֻ£׶༪١
ôػֵľȥˣ
޷۾Ѫ죬ݺݵҧŵĿԶǵﻹǧıΪʲôȻûһϢݹ
һѾҪˣеıѾȫͶɽϵսսҵʱ򣬸޷Ȼ鲻καȥԮ
壡
޷ȻعͷݺݵĿɽ㷴ӦҲ׹ӥХǻֵźš


630 սƵĸ޷
گ󷽴Ȼˣ
ɽϣӥŵؿԶͻȻðܻ⡣Щ˵漣һ㣬ӥôû뵽֮ǰ̸źžȻΪ
ҵҾ֪һʧ
ЦԶѩüһɨա
սؼʱˣҵɸԭɢ֮󣬹Ȼϵһϵս
Ӿǳ֮ǰѾ˼սעȡʤҪսʤģҲΨһһᡣ
˹ظԭϣѾţʬ鲼ءڣگĴҲɹջ١
˾ݱգʱ·ԡھ޺ͻԸ˹ʹگݣҲûˡ
ΪѾޣɣãˣ
޷ھͿξˣ
忴ɽ£ǵϢӰĿڣѩޱȡ

쵰
޷Ťλ϶İ˿̱ûҪŭЩ󷽵ֲֹżʮľһ޷һӵԸ롣
û˾ʤܣһս֮󣬸޷ﶼ˱˹ֻ±گ˵ĻҪ졣
û˹˵ĲӦگ޷ֿһĴƽ
ϣеİܵսӰ죬Ҫôɽ֣ҪôټǨѣҪȻͽʳ
޷ѹʳҲǺʱáҪǣɢԴδĹگһ
޷׼˼ʮ룬Ҫһ
ٵҵ룬ҾȻٵ϶ɱ㣡˶
޷׵ĳ˷ŭ
گôʿûзŭǵԶŨֱգ޷ﳹ׵ķŭˡ
꣡
һӸ޷ڴ£͸˫ȹ᳹µֻһ죬ܻͭ˲ķѡ
޷׹£䵽棬һɲضڲ
ˣ
޷ŤɫһɹŨҵɱʵʣϱ޷ܵĿȫŤ
ӣ޷󲽳ɽȥĽ²޷ÿ̤һµĴضҵĲһ֣ͺ޷һ
λľ˿ްϢֻɱ

޷һ̤һȻ𣬵µʱѾǼʮɿ⡣
ˣ
޷ɽȥʱһɽɫڶɽɫͳͣͱ
޷ﵽɽʱǽɫѾ任һʮɸߵľ޴ӣһ棬һī֣ɫֱſ̤ɽȥ
¡¡޴ķӹغһʯȻѿ
壬޵֣Ҫ
޷ŭ쳹ս
ս󽫼غͶθȫһ޷صĵˡ
ӿʼڣ޷Ϊľûг֣һγ֡
غͶθȫ󽫳֣Ѿ϶Ӵѹ֮УͬʱĴ󽫣һɲͬϮ˶оһϢѹ
ӣãߣ
ɽģ޷ﻯگ֧𡱣ӥɫ䣬˺Զľ룬ܸоĵ޷ֺ̺ԵĿֲһɳ׷ɱ⡣
峹׻ٵگ֣Ҳλķɱ⡣
һʮ꣬Ȼ޷λ˵Ӻͷɱ⣬ϧԳɱ˵ȥš
ʱ򣬾ʲôϢ
ӥÿ
岦ӥдʱ˸һرĹâ
ʲôʱҶߣھԲС
˸һĪ壬ôõӥҲζʲô
޷ޣѾˡʱˣǻһսѾ׵ʧˡگ˹ضΪ˸ۣ
ЦǾ֮ƣ˹غگѾû·ԣʤҲǲʤ
ȻôΪ
ɽ£ɫȻһףƵֵزѾ޻˵һˣ޷еŭ𣬾񱻵ȼһԽĳˡ
СӣҪ
޷һԾɽϳȥɽıԵѾӰ˫ŷôԼһû˿η塣
ɣ޷ɱ
źţɽµĸ޷ԣѩޱȡ
̬ȣԽĴ̼˸޷
֮սչֵز˵һǸ޷ɱģһ塣޷жɱڱȴ޻Ҫ
޳ȫ㣡
޷ɽֻʣһˡȻûע⵽עʱڤڤĿ䵽ϡ
飡
޷һ̤޴ġ֧ſ͵ڿն𣬳ɽϳȥ
ã
£Сģ
ͻȻ֮䣬ĴȴҴһĻͻ޷ﶼһҪǣ޷ǻغͶθȫ
ô£
ִ֮䣬޷ԺһƬҡ
£
޷δθȫ˾ţ˺ѷεң޷ﲻںͨս
زҲںս
⵽ô£
䣡䣡
ûȸ޷ﷴӦʯ䣬нͬһʱ䣬ֲϢͬʱԼٽӽ
ã
޷ﷴӦҲ֪˱ʣֻϧһжѾˡΪһ̣ϺͨѾȴ̫ʱˡ
޷þˣ
ڵȵˣ
غضɽҡ˾ֵĿУս˶ԤϲһĻ
޷ŭģȻûע⵽ɽһ̣Ѿͨмĵش
һսУͨһֱͻءθȫսû¶һ˿һغͶθȫûвκεס
ǵ޷ߵмʱһֱ뼤ս֮еͨϾȻԼͬ˸ԵĶ֣ͺıѾһһе޷
һ
һŭ
ˣսһƬȻ˾ֵĿУӴġ񡱺͡ƴȫǿʽҼлͬʱں޷ĸ޷ϡ
޷η壬ǵϺ֣ͨǸ޷ҲǶ֡

޷﷢һ춯صĲҽУڶθȫأگʿֵĿУ޷ﻯگ֧ҵıը
ɢȥ޷ڰֳţ޴𵴲ɽ¡ۣ޷廹ûأѾ˫Ŀգɫ԰ף͵һѪ
£
ã³ˣ
ȥȱ£

ɽ£пһĻگˣĿţһƬҡ޷گľҲگͳߣگ۹ӵϵĵλ;޴ĺ
ֻҪһ仰ԸΪȥ
˭Ҳû뵽޷ﾹȻʱ¡
ʣ
ɽϣ٤ɫ԰ףȫתҲ룬һе޷׹ĵطȥ


631 սܵ
Լĸף٤һֱĳݺ;ηĿͰΣ׾Բ£
£
ʱ˿̣ȷ٤ţֵĻǶθȫΪگΨһĴ󽫣θȫԳȣǸɽ¶ˮǸ޷ˣȴʹگĶ¶˽Ȼͬһ棬šǡޱȵĿ־壡
ʱ˿̶θȫﻹһ֮ǰء
£ǵͼҵûʩչԲ°
θȫ˶Ҫˡ
޷ͶθȫΪֻжθȫ֪ǻѣֵܣһ·ͬУ֣ͬһĻ飡
گީСگư£һֱǸ޷Ͷθȫβ룬˼ʮ롣
£㶼°
θȫļ٣һķŭ
ϣͨҪ
䣡
ִټ䣬ͨͶθȫһƣɳȥһ࣬ҲˡһѾˣսչһЩѵĲѾȫʵˡ
ɽگʿһƬңʮگʿĳ£е˹ʿҲһƬܡ
޷ĵ£ȫǻԵĴ
ɱ
ڸ޷ﵹµͬʱͻȻ֮䣬һ춯صĺɱɽ´һ֧ǧ˵ųɳһֳź˸ĳŹĻɳ̳ԶºХ
Ȼ֧࣬ǧ˵ȴ¡¡磬һǧ˲ĶɢȴǧĲϢη
˵ǰ棬һƥһ˶ߣӴ󡢽׳ĺѪһ׶ߣһɢſҰϢ׳׳ϣһ˻ߵ˶޽ĿźԶܸоһǿҵĳ
ҵӣҵ
ɽϣӥż⣬ԶԶĽǧϲҵദôãҵϵĴϤˡ
ţĸϵˣ
ߵɽԵԶĿοѡҵս֪ıӥҪ硣
ȻԶûдﵽδĸ߶ȣⳡսУλδͨ󽫣ȻûԼʧ
¡¡
ҵļ죬ϵڴҰеʱٶȾѾﵽ˼١
ҵĽ£һķ籩⻷ǽӵٶ˼ޡ
¡¡
غսڣôԶľ룬ڴ˿ٶ޵ҵһ˵ҲֻƬ̵ʱ䡣ٶȣ޳ʱٶġ
Ҳųб֮ԭ
¡ľһζ̶ֻʱ䣬ҵײܵǰ档춯أһͷ޴Ⱥû˿Եֵǧ޳
еֻҪһ񵾲ݰȻûȵأһ쵽µĵЩնһһϣ
֮սɽƵװȸľӵһⳡս֮չֳԼ

ĲҺУҵĽǧӣ֮
ɱ
ҵ˫ĿѪ⣬˫гִȸ־޽һããзɱⳡս֪ڴ˶á
ҲһҪ񣬷սȥ塣վҵסˡ
ϣӵһļƻҪԼڸԭϵļƻԶԶԼսϵ˺ɱ
ڣҵڿԳ׵ͷеķŭɱ
ߣԶ
ҵ˫ĿѪ죬Ȼһ춯صһ¡¡ɽϱ۶ȥ֮ɰǧʿҽбգȻٱ쵽޵ҵնƬ
ɽɽ֧ǧ˵Ķ֮ѸһΪ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ҵͻ𣬴ȸִɽϳȥʱͬһʱ䣬ǱҲͬ˶
Һ׼
һֱۣĿɽ£ѩޱȡ
޷˵˶ŵЧӦڵһƬңθȫս˵ˡ
˵һлԶԶ
׼
ɽ͵ı棬µʮɿٲ޼Ѿһ룬ʱһ죬ʮͬͻȻɽ
ʱû㵹޼޼ӡһ޴ĸְ壬޼ӵķȥ
һ飬飬飡
һʿ̤Ÿְ壬ԼٶȽЩְ壬һѸٵν̰ɣݣûκεĶද
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һְɵͨѸٵĳ޼ϡ
ϣ
ս˻巭Ծϰڣһȣ̤޼ӣɽ³ȥ
ȫ棡
𳤽ͬ쳹ա
¡¡ֻһɲ䣬еӵ£ﬣ⻷ļӳ£Ŷ͵ɽƣѸٵ˾˵ĵزٶ֮Ҫҵ
ɱ
ͬƿըƣǧĴ죬ͬһݺݵ˻ҵڴ֮УսһΪ
ɱ
ɽϣӥõ⣬ѸٵĴܹ
¡
һɽХɽֻһ˲䣬ǧİ϶˻ţͬˮһɽɱ¡
ľս̸ɫɭǶڡֻ
Ƶİ϶нȻԼУһᡢƣɽɱµʱ©ƫ꣬һɾ
ҵ֣
߰׷ɱˣ
£֪Ѿʧˣ
ˣˣɣ

Һ̤˻ҳһƬʿֱӾܵĹУ̤ѹ
ʮٶһ̴ﵽ˾˵ĵز
ɽȻûһԵֿĶ顣ҪҲֱӱûں֮У̤
ǰܵĴѳɣ˭Ҳı䲻˵ġ
ɽ£޿ɴѳɵֽܺű顣
ģԲģ
޽˫ȭţ۾ˡ޷ţӵʮ˵Ĵ󣬻ܸʮİ϶ȼԮ
ǰһ̣϶žҪȫͬˡگ˹ؼӮⳡսʤһ̣ɽ
϶תΪͬˮɽ£ȫһ浹ɱ
ʮʮĻһµĿս󣬾ȻҪȫΪӰڴ˵ⲻֹһս˹ص۹սԣԼͨ˶ƣ˶ԭµҰġ
ȻһսȻҪʧˡ
һɲǣӿһǿҵĲʡ


632 β
ϵļʮ꣬û³Ҳûگ͸޷ǵ󣬾ȻһʮĴꡣ
ʮĹսΪ˼¡
ڴ˵ȫ޷ܵġ
ģлᣬһлġ
޺ȭͷ
گ˹ػû䣬Ȼ޷Ѿˣگ˹صıڡȻԶԶơ
ֻҪܹ£ڵگѾ޷£ʧȥ˸޷گȫս
˹ػлᣡ
ֻҪ˹صＯȶͬʱ϶ɽɽȻлᣬȻϣܰ϶
򣬹򲻿ɵУ
ڵ˹Իйֻ֮ҪɽϣȻһս
˹˺ȫۼ
Žǣ
ȻǰȥͼԼҵĴΪԭϵ壬˹׺ݡöگ˵ҪĶࡣ
̶ʱڣѸٵľۼ˴˹
ڴ޻֯ӣһʱһ̣ͳ׵ˡ
ɱ
һɽХͻȻ˵Ĳ޻عͷʱһĻѪ䣬һĻ
Զ飬ãã޾ĴѹѹһƬڳӵڴУһֻֻƵΪĿ
Ԯ
ԺһͷѪҺҪˡôõʱ䣬ƵԮڻʱϹˡ
ˣ
жʱҡɽϣһƬܣ϶׷𱱣ɽ£ԶԮָ˹
⽻ȻĲʣʱҲ״ȥôҪģŬһҲˡ
ˣˣ
вʵĳ̾һڷ˳˵
һսİˣ
˹Ҳˣ
һΣڴƵꪳɳƽİܼ
¡¡ɽ޵˹غگһ˿ϣˣ֮սһûκη̵ϣ
գ
е˹ﶼŴޣܵĴԶȥ氲϶ҵĽǧȸ־ӽҧ׷ɱ
һͷҲҳһȥԶƽԭϵЩԮ
ϵĳگĵףЩԭϵʿѾüΪ粻׺ˣ
쳷
ɽ˹ԮֻʵԶȥһƬ޺ҽ֮ȥ˶͡
ϲɱ89622
ϲɱ98415
ϲɱ109477
ϲɱ121449

һܵԺг̶£սһѾҪȥָӡս˹ڣѾûһ˿սˡ
Ҫģȥ׷ɱ
սʿϵĵ¡֮ǰиս˾޴ãȻܣһΪǰң޷Чӳȥ
ֻܳΪһո
սϣʬҰѪˮͬһ㣬ӯڴϡսʬ壬𵩾˵ġġսģģиսеĵǡ
ʱɽϣסսעѾȫԶԮ
Ҷϡϣϣպɽܷ
ԾĿԶ
ȻԶǺѹѹһƬĴŷǳ״ۣһ۾ͿǸʲôǸ˴Ƶ죬廹˴ģѵӪֹԺġ
պɽܷ֪²áǬӢԺ˼⡢κСꡭϤ׷׷׳ڴǰ档һϤס
Сã
۾ŵĿŴǰǵ߾ֻ͹Ĵ𴸵СӰǾ޴͹ĽСҪӴˡ
ô£ô
ôţԼҵСþȻʱܵңɽϣܵʦа˵Ĺ
ôܵôΣյս
ֱǺ֣
̲סƤȻС˫ǱϾףսΣյĵطǿЦġ
ҵ
һŰڳԶֱȥ
֮սѶڲ˭޷ıⳡսĸˡǴҲһǻ췦ڳȴ׷ɱ£ûһ˵սǺҪˡ
Һӣ
һŭɽϴҵתͷһװȸͬɶȥ

ҲǱߣһ࣬ʦУҵļұҶϡϵ˵Ĵ£ս
ǲţ幫ӾȻ˴޺͸޷
ʤˣȻʤˣ
壬ҪŹᣬϹ׷ɱگ˹ˣΣַƵĻᣡ
ɱȥ幫ӣ

ԶԶģɽ£ɽӣ˶Ǿ磬ر˹ˣʮһ棬ʱܰѴҳԵʣ
֮ǰһ֡˼ⳡսӦжѡʱָεȥͰ϶ǡ
ֻǣ˭Ҳû뵽սʱȻôһĻ
ֻͰ϶ȻԼگ˹ɱôܿ䣬Ӵܡ
˵ִʱϵսѾˡ
ǿѹдޡءθȫ޷죬ƾȻӮʤ
˸š
үȻǾŹ֮󣡴ҿ㣬ȥү
Ҷϴʱ˷ܵĺ뷢
Ͱ϶ΧѲʲôܡҶôҲû뵽Լϵսʱ򣬿ľȻĳ
֮ǰȫû塣
ʱֻҪβ׷ɱˣ
¡¡
׷𱱣ӿȥѾܣʱԽɾˡ

Ҷϣϣôˣ
սԵĿڣҵװȸҶϡǻһ
ҶϡǶүүϲ£ôҲûϵʱ￴ǡ
ǺǣǾŹ֮սϵϽգŹôܲģ
үˣŹ֪﷢飬ضοѵġ

УҶԶϺϵһ˿ǰ壬ԽԽϲԽԽ⡣һУ˵ľŹ֮⣬Ѿܾûг˲ˡ
ŹĳبûдﵽҲ롢Ƕϲٵľ롣ڣһֺԤϵ£ͻȻ˱ޱȣܵ壬ΪǸ
׼ȷ˵ıѾ󳬳˵Ԥڣ
ǵľŹͣҲûô˵ı֡
ˣҶϣϣСأ
ͻȻʵСͻ̫СֲҵսԲʺ뽫
ңʲô£嶼֪ôʦеĸȥ
С㲻⡭
Ҷ׼˵СһͷʱסˡﻹаӰ
һɲǣˮ
ϵɫҲ֪϶СڴпԼ㿪ˡƽԭشɽϲͬҰԶûô
壬ãã֮УҲôҵһˡ
رСöԼ£
Ǻ֣
ŭѡ


633 ս
˹˰ˣ׵İˣ
گҲˣ
֮սѾɡںһ·׷ɱڵĴһ·ʮ˾˾ʱگʲôʼɢ˷ӡ
սûȫѾûκε
޺ͻش˹Ѿԭķ򣬶θȫҲ˻Եĸ޷ȫķλگ۹ĶѾȫսֻһ޷İΣ
θȫκεͣƵκλᣬɲصĽ
û⼸ڴ󽫣ʣµֻӲݶѣܵʿ
Ѿȫ˵ӣһĿĵ˷ܡ
ʱ֮󣬽ս塢ҵҶϡϡӥϡͨȴߵͳ˧ͽ죬ɽϾۼһ
ӣӣӡ
廹ûɽϣԶԶľһӵĿۣʶ
һŮӼң˭ģ
Ŷ󣬾ѧ˼սɱɺͳ
˭͹Ľ𴸣ӴԺֶ

ԶԶأĺǳ̧ͷȥֻһʮСŮſףǱ裬һĨᣬڸϺʹǰ͵͵Ŀ
Сãģֵطġ
һԣҲһĳԱȰ˵
ǵϺͬʱұôģҲֻǸ˫ССˡ
磬˼ҲҪæ˼ҵҲܴ󰡣ʦҡ
Сɣίޱȡ
Ҷ죡
ɫ࣬ŭɶ
ķСڱͣ˵ˡ
ܣԵͷ
ŰڣɽСԱӣаЦѡѾͷԼ˾͸Ͻܣûи׺ʹ磬Ҳúݺݽѵһ١
ڸãôԣԵͷ
С㣡
ȻסˣԣСѵӣӥȴ̲סʶĽһһСһת
磬ʹ綼ңҡ
С涣ҵĹһһѱסİڣͣؿš
Ҳûã˭ҲΪ˵
ŭɶСòᡣ
ǽŵڣСһŮӣֻʮ꣬ѧкӳ嵽սɱȥɺͳ
һؼҷ磬ܵˡ
ʦҹ˵ҿ԰㡣
С̧ͷһ޹ίԼҵ硣
㻹Ʊ磡
ϴŭһԵȷʵһ¶˼ɫСеʦ˲֪ȴ֪Լʦаˡ
˵ʦģ
üͷһԼҵСõ
ǰҪȻΪҳ𣿡
С̧ͷί
忴һۣ˼Сõӿ˵ѣʦ뿪춼߲
ףˡСûСԺһῴġ
ŤͷԼĸϵ
˵Ҳ֣ʼʱɫ࣬ŭɶһڣɫ˶Ȼȥˡ
ǻŭ𣬾ȻɲǼȥ߰˷֡
οķϣҷŹ㣬´ΣҴȣ
ɫ䣬˪
仰С͵̧ͷһԼ壬ֿһԼĸϣĿǾȡ
ɲǵõʲôʱô˵ˣô˵ôˡ
Сã²Ϊȥɡ
Ҳ˻ֵɫÿ˺ܶࡣ
СԽľˡʱҲϾ룬ﱻѵãʱ뿪ɴ⣬͵͵Ľһһ̵ˡ
ô
Сһߣ巭Ծ첽Ÿ˹ȥ
η޷ȻһжļƻɹˣϺͨҲûиۡ
غͶθȫԻһơ
ã֮սʤˣҪġ
Ͽڵɫ΢΢Щ԰ףɫá
񡱴Ǽ˵˵ʱ൱һת޵ϡϵƲôء
һʱⲻ˵ġ
õ϶Ĵ𸴣Ҳһ
ӥ
һ࣬Ŀһת䵽ӥϡ
ⷬͻӥһĲȻӥôã⻹ϵһ˵
ǣү
ڿʼĴ֮ӥܿǰȥĸϣһ
óӥȸϢ𣿡
һ浽
ǣү֪үʲôԸ
ӥ
֮սѾگ˹Ѿʧˣû㹻ݣҲѷʲô͢Ǳ»ڵǵϢһֻӥȸϢʦȥЩҲõȼˡ
ϳ
ΧһӷӦ֮սһеĿʼⳡս֪˶˵ע⡣
ʱ̣̫ҪһĵϢˡ
رڴƱܱһжԴƵ֮ģʱϵʤ𵽾޴ãҲסЩйҰġ
ӦĽϢɢȥĴҲѾ뿪ǣ֪Ϣһǳܣ
Ϊ֧Ԯϣ飬ð˺ܴķգϢҲǶõĻر

ҶϺͺҲӦ

һ仰˵ע˹嶼һľȡ֮ǰûҶϺͺ
ү֮սôˣ㲻ΪЩ˾ǳ͢Ԯɣ
ҶϿЦ
ھʦõϢ۹ϷǳΣЩҲֻһЩͷӶѡΪĴԲܵܶơ
֮ǰѺ׵ЩڸϣԮڸϵ
ҶϺͺϽ͵
֮ս漰۹İգ͢£֪ĿעôܻûκεĶ
ֻû뵽үôǻûйѾ
ҶϺͺϿЦ
˵һ㣬˵ڻò˼飬һ㣬⣬Ǵޡֶ֣ȻԽ˳׵Ļ
Ƕš
ҶϺͺˣ
˵ŻعͷһԵӥ
ӥ𣿡
ǣӡ
ӥ˵ͷܿӦȥ

ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һ񶯵ɽһֻֻŸ롢ӥȸžǶȥѸٵʧա
һգעҪ£

սѾˣϵȴԶûսᡣʿɳȥɨܵ۹ϻиҪȥ
ûдﵽڴ֮ǰǻҪϷֹ˹غگǽǣڵİ϶ѾԶû֮ǰôˡ
ܣ˹ظԭһƬߣگҲѾջ٣û㹻ݣηˣ
˹ػһ֮ұ˴ٻһ򣬹򲻿ɵСƽǻʲôս˴޿Ǻ͵۹ͻ³
˻й𣿴ʮ򲻹ӣοڣ

ɽϣа϶Ķ춼ۼһã޼١ͳͳڣ˶ڼҵı۲ݡ


634 ڼ
ϵսȻѾսάҪġȻһ仰˵ɽϸһƬž˵ĿⶼһԵ塣
ϵҾֻڣθȫʹ޵вҲڡ
˵һܹϣϵģͬʱס˹غگҰġô˲ϣҲͨսֻʮ塣
һͨҲ޷ϡ
λ̧ˡ
ƤΧۣҲû뵽ս𡱻յԼϡ
λģµ֮ǰǲ뿪ġ
ڴĿ⣬ŻȻ֪ԼеĵλȻ֮أٲȻϵĶ֧
̫ˣйڡ
Ļ˶һϲɫһ佫̲ס˷ܵý
ˣ
һţҪ׼˵ʲôͻȻ֮䣬ƤһִδйļΣոдӿ
ΣոǿңͷƤըȫһ㼦Ƥָоͺȵյ˱֮һ㡣
ʲô
һһɲǣıŵһŨصϢ
֮սûиܵ˿ֲѹ
ˣ
ոתͷǰϻǰһ̵ı飬û˿Ĳһ̣оһźڰӰԼϢʼαӡ
ã
ɫ䣬ʯ䣬سԱһԾһɲһ֧δģҲĹ쳤Ժ֮Բ
һ̣δоԼ֮
䣡
һ޴УǼ䣬ʱ䶼·ֹˡתͷ˱һĻһ֧δĺɫ۵Ĳھ޼ؿڡ
޼ͳôģ۵Ĳ˼飬Χһ佫ɫ԰ף֧ȫ¶𾪵ɫ
ͻȻ
̫ͻȻˣ
˭Ҳû뵽սѾˣȻ顣
˭˭
һ嵽Աߵ٣˫ֱ޼ɫѡ
ˣҲͫ͵ת򳤼ķȻΧʮڿյģʲôҲ
ܣ
һ͵̧ͷصľͷһɲڵƽߵľͷһĺӰֻһ˲ʧӰ١
޼
󣬴һʹһ䣬תͷޱȹһĻֻ޼ڶ̶ʱѸٱīҲýӲޱȡ
žֻһʱ䣬սзƴɱǰһ̻޼һɫһ˲ըѿصƬ
ЩƬҲһĸʴ£Ѹ̼󻯳طɻҡ
Χе佫һĻһľ
һƬ䡣
Ϊһԭġ
Ӧ죬ǰӦΣգܣڵɻҵľˡ
쵰ʲôˣ
һŭɽϷ佫׷״ɽԾ˳ȥż֧ķȥ
һˣ಻Զ˵Ϻͨɽϳ˳ȥʧԶ
޼޼
ʱʹ޵Īˡڰ϶бǺѣο˻һ˲ҵ֮ս
˭Ҳû뵽޼Ȼ
˭˭
̫ˣگ˹أ
սϴ򲻹ȻֶΣ

һϵ佫ȥɽҲĿ꣬һ׷׷ɽϣ޼Ĳ״һ־ŭͬϽ죬޼³˸ͬܡ
̫޳ˣگ˹ر븶ۣ
Ȼûп˵˭Ǻʣگһ˹صˡʱҲֻǲлᣬĿȥ£
ǣ
֪ʲôʱͻȻˡ۾ţ͸󺮹⣺
֮սѾˣɱ޼һҲı䲻ʵԴ޵Ը񣬾Բм¡گ޷֪θȫ£͸û˿
ңǿһΧɽΧȫǵıֿǱɱ𣿡
䣡
䣡
޼Ǵģһӹɡû뵽սʱ̣Ȼ顣
ǹӣگ˹ˣ˭ô
ң֧ô£Ǵ˿İѵƽձĲɣ

佫ͨ۾мǶ壬˻Ǳ൱ء壬˸˽ȫͬ
Ϊ֧Ҳ˵گ˹ˣ
˵ţͻȻǰ޼Ϊɻҵʬ£ʰֻīޱȣ䴩޼󣬲ڵϵļ
֧ļͷĲˣֻһĺɫβԵùޱȡ
޼Ĳ״˶˸
˹ػûôگȫԭƾ첻ּĳҪͻȫͬ

ĿⶢеĳϸĴšһУδּĳȻֻʣһβֲֿ̺ģĻŵʱ򣬶ľ
ֹˣ֧ļβּൽ£Ҳ˵£ȴߡ㾩ңҲܴ
ּµֳ칤ճκγȫﵽһֹ񹤵ĵز
һܹͨģ
ңĿӹһǣв˲û˵
һˣһӳĬˡ
켼ƲĶ¡گ˹صҪôֲĺڼôսϣԵĿ»һֲֻš
ǣӣگ˹أֻ˭
һ佫̲סڵ
Ȼ˵ĺе޼ɱȴŵʵگ˹أ˭ڰɱɱʲôã
Ҳδ̫ˡ
û˵ԺȴһɲԼԼģģǵӰԿ϶ֻصĺڼԲǴΧʮκһطġ
ΪͲڴش£ʮﷶΧ֧˷֡
Լ־롭ǶԷʵҲδ̫ˣ
У
һû롣
ڼǴ޺Ͷθȫģôֻ֮ĵˡΪʲôҪôΪʲôҪѡʱ
ҪǣΪʲôҪԼ

һɲǼ䣬ֻ֮սأ˹غگ⣬ƺʲôԼ֪Ķ
ͽΣһᶼһ취˭֧
ųͻȻݺݵ߬

֮սβ޼Ȼһ֧صĺڼ£˭û뵽ġ飬ҲֻһЩ֪ߵľ󲿷ְ϶սʿ֪˵ˡ
֮˵עǸϲһ졣


635 䶯ʦ

Ÿᣬ˷ҲϴʤϢ˸ط
뾩߰￪ĵطһֻʿף룬ɱڹٵǰУͨϵķ򡣶ǰˣһ͸һϢһƥɫԱϣϷ͸һ˿ǡ
սѾһ£ˡ
͢Ȼһµʱ˵ޱʱ䣬Ӵĵ۹˵漰ԴͲ
ȻũѾ㾡ȫתȻǲ
Ҳǲȫ飬ӻʹгһѵأɿһսıϡ
˵ʵ𵽶˴ûаա
ϾڷǺųʮ
ֻǣ´Ҳܲȥο漰壡
壬Ѿھˣϣܼסϣһлü
գа
ʹϢͰ϶صһɽϣΣдԣ͢õϢʱʮ϶Ѿˡ
ȻһֱܾţԼҲ֪Դޡء޷Ͷθȫֶ֣ܼôѾǲˡ
Ľֻ׶༪١
㶣
ͻȻ֮䣬һƿյϴһ㶣ʶ̧ͷֻһֻ˶ľӥųϳԼ

ͻȻһȴԱߴűһ󿪹
ס֣
üͷһ壬ȳסǼ֣ͬʱֱһ죬ֻӥֱϡ
ԼеӡֻӥƺߣǸӥ˻ġԭǱˣ׽ø߾ݿͺСж˹һΡ
Ҫǣֻӥϣϵһȣ
Ϣ
һɲǣֲõĸоӥߵˣѵ˵
ָһ죬ܿӾӥȡ˰ȡ
̫ˣ̫ˣ
һ̣üͷչͻȻһЦɲǼ䣬˶סˡرˣǸôãʱ䣬ǲ跹˼˯ޣüǽǡ
˻ǵһοЦôģô죬ƺյһɨ⡣
壬̫ñϲˣ
Űв𿪵ϢЦͨ죬Ŀиϲ
촫߳͢ϴˣ
¡
֣һƬȻ˶ĿɿڴһĲšǰϣ˶˱׼
ʲôϴݣ
дӸϺͰ϶ӡϴݣѾȷɡ͢һѾȼϢݳȥʱõϢ
˵һЦ
壡壡
û뵽ȻԼôľϲ
ʮʮ˴ޡءθȫ͸޷ֱ񼣡֪ôġ
Ϣ˵ѣӡ˵ѣҪģ滹ϵױǩ
κ˶п˵ѣֱа϶Ĵӡ˵ѣ
дϣҹ̣̳
ޱȣ쳹ա
һ̣¡¡ٶȱ֮ǰֹڴͬʱֻŸ˾ǣ

ƾʦ
ʹĶǣܶŽɫµһһ
ǹе
ǵֻһʱշϢ֮⣬һɲ

ͻȻһմһ̧ͷֻһֻɫŸڿлһߣ׼ȷھ벻Ǻܸߵܽ档
ǣ
ɫµһ˿ɻɫʶǰȥŸȡ°ȡ
š
عһʶĲ˰ȣֻǿһۣһģˤڵء
󡣴ˡϴˣ
еֽѣʶĳǰ
¡
ֽϵϢʹ䶯ˡ֮սճ־ã˽ӽ£ھĹŮ̫඼֪۹飬֮ս
˭Ҳû뵽ϵսȻʱʤˡ
ʹɲǼڣһƬϲ졣

ŸʹʱͬʱһֻŸͬ˳һĸ֮ۡС
ʲôϴݣ
Ȼʤˣ

Ĵب˫ץŷ֣͵Ĵλվĺ붶鼤ѡ
үǧȷţ滹ӡǣȷɣ
£һҵٴȷϵ
̫ˣ̫ˣ
بۿʪ鼤ѡ
ϣ壬һӵͬʱսʦ⣬͢£˵ûκһ˱بӹעϵս
֪ٴΣبҹѣҹ£ΪϵսΪϣǿսϡϧʲôҲˡ
ڵĳ͢ѾޱãǳеسҲһΪѾǳ͢ɳȥˡ
بôҲû뵽ŸոճãѹûеִϵսʹϴݵϢ
ʮȻսʤԴޣ޷Ϊ׵ʮ
Ϣ̫ˣ
׶ţبô޷ţب֪飬ǾԾԲ˵ѵġ
Ҿ֪һʧġ
بм˶ʧ̬ˡ
ˣ׼ٷҪϳ
ǴüӣҲüӡ죡
بĴЦ쳹ۡϿգи˼ʮ˶ûôЦ
Ƭ֮һʻۡѸٵȥʹ

ⲻܣ
ʦһطһӥǹ˵ӣ͵һ£ԵһŽʵ̴ľĵķѡ
£ѾõϢϴݵϢѾڻʹˣһȷɡ
ԶһĿ࣬Žģӵ
ôܣǸʲôģи޷أθȫأЩ˲˵ϵǻʮĴôᱻһδɵСӴܣ
ŭ۾ɫޱȡ
ϵսôĳ͢ôĴƣǸ޷ʹ˶˵ġ
ҸһսУ찲϶
ұǽңһֱԣڵôĹͣ绢ԺԸϼѣ
ԺԸ͸Ӳˡ
£ǻ֪Ƕ˵ҵСڱӵмµ裬޶Ķ֡Сӿǵĸ֮
һݣıʿģӿڵ
ž
̧ȾһţԱһϺɫС̴ľӣıʿĻ
ʲôĸ֮ʲô裿һʮСӣܷ𣿡
ŭ쳹ۡ
ɲǼ䣬һƬţ佫ıʿ˵ˡ
ҵȥϲ鿴Ҫ֪⵽ô£
һǷŭ


636 䶯ʦ
ﾹȻӣ
ķԺڣҦҵҦҦүӽȶڵϣ͵վնñ任
һɲǣ۾Ҧ綼ܸоеļ𾪡
ΪƵǰ࣬һӾķ꣬ˣҲĳðɱĻ֮գ׶̩Ȼ򶨴ݡ
ǵϴݵϢȴ𾪵ʧ̬ˡ
ףһжǷԷûȷ֤ݣ˵һжֻǴԡ˵ϺĲһ
ҦԱȰο
ôĳ͢س佫ϢǼٶֲ𣿡
ҦүӶ˶ȣͷһҦ磬ʧ
Ǹ׵˼ǡ
ҦЩ
ǴƵŻϵƺگ˹أ漰δ˺ǰ;ʧˣ֪Դ˵ʲô𣿡
ͻʺ߾۹ɣдʳ֧ΪǻʲôӦ
ҦĿԼĸףЩӦ׵˼ôоվһ
Ȼͬȴ޹أǺʹйء֪ΪʲôҦһֱǻʶƵʢ˥𣿲ΪǺҶҲΪǺҲΪǺվһ𣬶ΪҦҽƵڵһλ
Ȼþǲһ㰡
Ҧ翴ԼĶӣʧ
䶷˴뱲ӣûں棬ˡҲֹ˶ڸǳ
ҦѰҦһ壬ȻҲһԺᲢ۵ģҦ綼Ȳϣ˵ˡ
벻ҾȻѹҰ뱲ӣ°֮ҦｫҪҵıϢ
Ҧүг̾Ϣһþò
үӣ͢Ҧү볯볯ᡣ
һͻȻ⴫Ҧһ𣬶ת

ӮˣӾȻӮˣǴʤˣ
ʱ˿̣ǳ̡ơ³ĴһƬϲãĸۡ⣬ϲĴǸĽ¥̣׷ŵƽʣף
͢ϢоеģβͬϵϢոյִﾩǣ͢ģ̾ͽϢɢˡ
ȥ£ʦĻ̻̣Ʈҡ˲ϢѩƬ˷
ʱʵ̫ҪһݵϢˡ
սϣõսеȫǴģϴʤ͢ǱȻҲӷ͡
Ĵ壬оиĽ¥̣һ˷ܲѡ
еʱ˸ûȻܴеϴ˹غگ
ʤ˶һپ١

ʲôӮˣϾȻӮˣ
ǵһҸۡУһϵҼվĲš
ҵλ幫ӾȻ˴޺͸޷
˼飬̫˼ˡ
ϵϢеļ嶼ԵģرЩйϵĸָġ
ĹͰ벻λӾȻ˵
һ̣ҵļԵλȸԼȡҹӣ˼Ϊ̣˾ηӡ
ʮԿʮл൱ʱ˶η׳١
ǵ¿ǺҵĹϵˣλӣҪԶȻȡȸҪĶࡣ
һգоеҼע⡣

Ӯˣʦ־ȻӮˣ
ֹԺγͷ¶ˡ
ʦֱּˡѵӪѹѵӪ
ǶȥֹԺӽģԸΪţ

ϴʤϢѵӪһ츲صı仯ֹԺǧ̶ˡ
⡣⡣𣿡
ǧͰͣ˵Բˡ
ȻѵӪĵһ죬͸о̺츳϶ǳ֮ǧҲûȻ׳١
޺ͶθȫЩǧ˵붼ȻսǻˣһڶԷռŵ¡
˼飡̫˼ˡ
ǧþòƽ
ʦ֮УȨͨоգȫһƬֻڡӳдԷȼ˱ף
ʱ˿̣ҵȴ䣬ǳ֮С
ڻʹ볯µ̫У͢󳼣ȫüһãޱȡ
ǱõϢˣبŹ˺Ӱӵֳһ֮İ
ϣʷ½ͷ߰ף߰ʮͣȴ⣬һϳãסب˫ֿ޸ͣ
ʷѸߣѾܶû糯ˣڳеĵλһλʷβܻҪߡΪϴݵ飬رĴ룬μӳᡣ
ֻʮ꣬ʷȴ֮ⲻһܵ˵ġ˸뷴
ϴʤʤ̫ˣϳϢսۣʧʮҵıԮҲʮ˾
˹غگ˫ʿʮ򣬱ȴƵ࣬л൱һ֣˹£׺ޱȵ
ⳡʤ¶Եģ
ʷеϲ֪
ʷˡ
بæ
ޣˣبھǴƵĴ󹦳˹غگսôʿʮڣҲˡ
ب䣬һһȺԱΧ
ҽǴĹйͣ˺αǫ顣
ǣȵӴϻ±Ȼǻʹ͵ġӣҴ֮
幫Ѿķˣ

ũԼ͢࣬׷Χبء
رЩ࣬ƽһСۼ㲻ˣǽ죬ϴݵϢ۹࣬Ȩһȫۼڴˡ
ˣʲôʱпջ뵽һۡرӣʱشһ𡣡
ʲôʱˣԹʱɨԴ
˵ѾʮˣͣҲ˿̸ۼ޵ʱˡϥһŮƷò֮ѡ֪Ƿһ£żҲԽؽ֮ã
ŹͲ˰ɡҲһСŮ֮ʡ

ϣبΧΧһȦһȦب棬Ц춼ϲ£ڳʮ꣬˵ĵһ졣
ϣبң˾ԵǡƵ඼ѹˡ
һӣ


637 𺳱һ
쵰ˣ
ԣҧȭͷһǵĴ죬ɫ࣬ѿޱȡ
ĲبǸǽֳϣϴʤٹͬ죬ΪƵҹУܲ
һ࣬ͬ޴󽫾˼ͬɫܲÿûǽڶʹ¼УĵοΨһĶӰͬѵӪϣ׳󣬳ࡣ
ִֻ˵ˡ
ǵһ£ҵҪܵá
һң͵Ĵɫѿޱȡ
ٲǶòͣһֶ˵

̫ͻȻһ˵ע⡣
ּ
߸ߵ棬ͻȻʥʸ߸ϣϺƵ
ִ֮󣬼̻ؾ󣡡
꣡
һɲǼ䣬е󳼣ȫڵأһƬž
¡
ʥʵϢѸٵĴ¡㷴Ӧٳٶ۵Ҳ֪ϴݣ˾޴ĹͣʥؾȻҪش͡
ӴԺһ󲻿ԣ
Դүֳ֮һµ֮ġ
ֳѹˣ
֮˭֪ʹ湬̫ڴϣķһдСƽʡ˿һޱȡ
ʥʶİţŸոճѾ֪ˡ
ǰ˭뵽˲õĽֵܣ޺͸޷ϡãĽֵܣԺڹӵ̩ɽˣ
ȿǰ̫˫֣ޱȡ
ȻϴݣӰ컹ԶԶֻǾʦʦһƬ䶯ʱ򣬻Ÿ룬һƵı߽
¤߾
ʲôϱ߾ȻӮˣ޺͸޷սܣ
¤ıϢ䣬ߴĴơ󽫾糤ǹͦڳǽ档޾˹
һ̩ɽɫĸ溲ڽӵϵϢ֮Ҳ¶𶯵ɫ
޺͸޷ûǴĻӦǺ͹ȥİϴ󶼻ڵı³ƽƽۡȻ溲ûк͸޷Լ޽ֹе涼ûչ
ǴǼ³ģϵĵ۹ͻȷʵ֮
ܹ³ϲô󲻵ò취˳֮͢У˱飬޺͸޷֪
ϾȻʤˣ
û³Ҳû۹󽫣ֻһһϺͨ£Ȼʮ˴ˡ
飬溲ȥ롣
СôͣϢȷûԮ𣿡
溲ֽƤ
ֽõѾһˣǵΪֹ溲ҲеšǸڽڶʹ¼ϴԼָСӣȻ
Ҳδ̫ˣ
󽫾ǧȷֹǡͬϢҲĶ󽫾Сҵ壬ϵһɽϣʮԿޡء޷θȫʮƵıȻǳ׻նɱʮѾǰ϶ʵ
ǱѾ˻˹ظԭϵ򣬶޷ƺҲˣڶ֪
Զһĵ佫ͷĵ͵͵ġ
ˣ
溲û˵Ƥȴ̲ס˼¡
ս̲סΪ֮ݡ
ܴޡأǶθȫǵûϤŵ޹»Ͷç֧ǣƣűӾ£ֵû⣬Ҫ˵ǳ׻ֵز溲ûְա
ܽ롰󽫡ʵ̫󣬴󲿷ֶһЩôܹܵģ
ɽ˲ų벻ǴҲľš溲Ǵ֮
ŲᶯһϤӰɢϡҵϢӺ滺
ˣ
һװ̫ٱսã溲æͷȻѾΪ¤ı˧Ƶġ󽫡һԼǰ溲Զǳ֮
ˣ
Ҳæ
ţ
ð˰֡յļս͸һ˿ƣ˫۾ȴǷâ¶ƥκ˫۾ǰһɾηͳĸо
ʵϣ£վǰһսҲûмˡ
˹ǱߣɳĲϤŵ޹»λλߵġ󽫾ֺý֣Ҳֵסˡ
棬֪ɡǸڳĹӮϾ
ÿڵ
ʲô
֣溲һ͵̧ͷ
̫ڻʵʱڵĴڴƵĵλԶԼĳ֮ϵλ
˵УѾ
ҵǸСӾȻӮ
ôܣ
溲һɷͬСɣ
ƣǿģʵԼǰ̫ٱãλľһУصش˵
Ǹ溲λ󽫾һλϾҲηȻ𾴡
ƣܿܿڽһλǰǰûһ˹ʸվšԼĳöУ
ֻһ֪ĵλ
ǣþȻ˵Ӯ
Ǹ溲ţδ̫ˡ
ֻҪڱе佫֪һ㡣˵СǱҪ
ôܣ
溲š
ҲֻСΧǰûңҵλڹʤȷɵġ
ڹеõҲƵϢ
ÿڵ
溲һӳĬˡ˵ĻԲţ˵Ļȴܲš
¡¡
ͻȻ֮䣬ҡһһ޴˵ע⡣
˱ˣ˹˱
¥ϣ֪˭е
溲ŤͷֻǵĶ棬߸͹˹ظԭϣͻȻһ̳̳УһʨĿޱȡ
˹￸һ죬ͻȻ֮żķˡ
Ŷ
¥ϣ׶бʿ̲סսôãÿôμҵĽϤŵ޹»Ͷç֧˹ڳˡ
һɲǣ溲
Ϥŵ޹»Ͷç֧˱һΣûг͢Ƿţ溲ҲȷϷʤˡ
ʧȥֵ֧սĿģ¤ⳡսѾˡ
ƣʤˣ

ʣ
һ춯صŭۡ
һʮСôô̽̽̽
첻ͬϴݣսʤ޺͸޷ϢĴ󶼻ζҪըˡλ⣬һຣ֮أλڶͻʺ˹֮䣬ͨƸغͰ֮ĹؼҪ
ԣʲôս춼ײ뿪
ǲ뿪עⳡս


638 𺳱
ڶʹ¼֮ĿϵһԴƵĺ˵õ飬Ϊ˳Ĵ󶼻һֱڻ
Եŭ֮£ŻҪɱ塣
ֻǷôҲû뵽ȻᴫϢǸڷвѧСӣȻϻܴ޺͸޷նɱʮ͡
ȥСӻûˣ
Ƴ֮͢ôһڱĺ佫˵䲻
֪飬ܿ
̽ӣȥϣһҪ֪һеô£ҲţһδɵСֱ£
쳹Ͽա

ңԶİ򣬻мı֥ͥ˼˳һעڴƶɽӵıͳ˧˵Ǹһ졣
ͻʺ֧ʳ߾ɵȱǿܱߵʱתȻڴƱΪΪգΪΣͬʱҲпݵĴϡ
壬СǸγСˣ
϶ĸ֮ۡУһϡݿϢɽ纣ӣҶһµĲ豭һ̴̫ʦϣеļϢֽķ¡
ʮʮܹնɱʮ򣡰Ѹ޷ʹ޻ӣʵ벻һʮôô
֥Ķ棬һİСĿЩձĺӺ޷ȵ̱ڵϣһֻ򥣬ĬĬ˼
ȻĿ˿һᣬձӵ۾ȴ쳣峺ǵĸо
ڵ۹󽫣ưܴʳ֧֥ǰ˷κģ۰Ҳֻһⳣˡ
ڶʹ¼һࡰΣκˡǵø֥󶯸λֻĸ֥Ҳϵһʮ𼱣ǣҪأ󣬾ȻǸȡ裬ѧĺСӽġ
ңܴ޺͸޷նɱʮԺյս¸֥޷ӣ
֮ǰġڶʹ¼ڸ֥еʾȫһˡ
ôȷɣҪһλ۹ˣ
֥
һ仰˵÷ⳣ嶼ǻͣ𾪵ĿԼ˧
ֻ֪ϵĴݷͬСɣҲ֪͢ȻҪзͣȴû뵽֥ȻὫθߵ۹󽫡ļ
ǺӲŶ󰡣
Ӵƿʥʣûʮ󽫵֥ʮ֮Ĵ󽫣
֥۾Ȼ֮ߡҪ֪ڶʹ¼˿Źڰ
ⳣŵϣʱ˵˻ˡ

ͥϵĸʵϴ󶼻˼˳ڵõϢ֮Ѹɳ̽ӣԶ̰棬ϡ
ϴݣڸ֮УǡǡԱͥӰġ
Ϊ¼УͥͬʱԶͻʵļлͻʺıٶʮϵıͥٵѹ֪
ÿһգͥнʿǴڱս״̬ʱ׼Ͷ뵽ս֮С
ϴݵϢԭ϶ͻʺȻһϦ֮䳱ˮʵøɸɾһ׷ǧﶼ
˼飡ôͬʱܵ˴޺͸޷³ʮ궼ģ
ӴĴУŽգ˼˳еϢþò
ںܳһʱ䣬ġ
Ϣ̫⣬Ҳ̫ͻȻˡ

ǸСӾȻ˸޷ʹޣ
ƶ޵ؽ磬ĵؽڣŸ£еϢث͵۾𾪵˵
Ϊ۹Ĵ󽫣ϽͬʱҲǰĴ󶼻ثһ¹ĺ͡
ܹѹһͷģҲֻһսڵ̫ٱˡ
ǾǰثҲƽò̫
һµĹͣҲͱòһѡ
֮أôɡͻʺز¶ȴĸ߾۹ƣҪסط˻治
ܸ溲֥ǰ˼˳ҪԼĵû⣬ǰ֮ػ治ǿѹסġ
һ㣬ثȷɡ
ҲϴƵڶԭ
ϵĴʵʵһֲ
֮սսģϣͨҲϣпܳԮĸ溲ͱӲǳ͢Ԯһ۵ʮӡ
˵ʵثڻо˼飬ַǳʵĸо
֮дƵĵؽôܻ飿
˹غگʮֽ
и޷ʹޡ˵ôһӵģ
ثǻۺ;飬Ҳȫ벻ʮĸ޷ʹޣôܸһӵģ
̫ܣǸ̫ף
浽ʲôԼ֪ģ
ˣҴ֮̽սϢ
뵽ثȻվһ̣԰ټƵ޾ӰʻȥϷХȥ

˹ء߾۹ͻʺʳ֧ϴݵϢƵܱ߶һضҡ
еǿ糱ˮƱ߽ȥ
˵עǸضҡµӡ

ǳ͢ʹܱߵ飬ʱ˿̵ϱ߾ڴսȴ쳣ƽ
Ӫÿһ춼ҪҪƷگ˹ء壬еⶼ׵һߡ
֮սѾʹѾʱɡ
˵һս֮ͳ˧ȨѾڵϣͳ˧ͨϣ׼ȷ˵ֻͨһˡ
ΪߣΣԣս󻹲ȥԽ޴ˣǲʲô֮١
Ͼʼղ޹
ϣվҪ䵽ͨλ󶼻йġ
ϲɵ۹裬˵񣬻ɱʮ򣬳ɹı۹ϵˣ
ʱ˿̣ɽ͵ĶˣϥڵϣԺ֮ʯˣâһǰʱֳĻ롣
գһ󼱴ٵУ֮ս뿪ʦһֱܣսսᣬս۸ӰһǰѸ
ϲµĳƺš˵ƿߡǿԼǿԿ˵
ˣ֮ʯһ䣬ɽ϶ʱڤڤзƱãֻ忴üӰǰӿ
䣡
ͬһʱ糱ӿһ֧£ʱյӵ֫ٺ֮С
Щȣͬʱ̺һɻԵ
͵͵ʹ˻һ̶ʱһǿҵĴʹȫǿ˲Ϣ䣬Ѹһء


639 һе㣬ӣһ
ĸǱѾﵽǼ𣬵ֻԹǣһ̣ĸֱӴԹһ·ͻƵľ硣
ҪǣоǿȺ͸ǵı仯Լƺı仯
ԿԼ˵⵽ʲô
а졣ȻѾ֪ݣǵΪֹ嶼֪ôӵġ
ϲﵽ˵ƿߡɾͣȫ½ݡ
ûعԺֳµı仯˸ĽУȫµĽǰһšһǡơ
ɹˣʽȻƵĽ
忴ǰͻȻֵһȫµĶһݣһƬϲ
֮սɱ422100㣬϶ս6۳290㣬ϲ1810㡣
ɡ˵񣬻600Ķ⽱ܼ2410㡣

ˣԺе˶ˡ
2410
ŴͣһĲš
֮ս񶼷ڻگ˹أû֮ʯĽ⡣
ҲûϵսȻԻ˴Ľ
ôܣ
ģþûز
ϸ룬֮սÿɱһͿԻ50㽱
սһɱ42սʿһ֮ʯû뵽Ż˾˵Ľ
ڣ˵õ˵Ľһ룬֮սڴƵ壬Ӱ죬ԼԼðķգȻˡ
˼飡
һɲǣͻȻЩĺˣо޴ķգͬʱҲ̺ž޴档
2410㣬㹻ܶˡ
գգ
һ˳˼ʱͻȻһյĽŲ˶СһֻӥͣһֻŸ룬һȦֽҴ˹
ӣţһλġ
˵ӥѹúܵ͡
ɫ΢䣬ӥȡֻֽǿһۣ뻳С
֮⣬Ҫκһ֪󶼻ҸҲһ
һص
ס
ӥ˵ͷܿ뿪
ȵӥ뿪ܿһˣչֽʧ˺ܾõĶǼģֻȼ仰
ǰϣһаãѾɣʱȴٻ
һС֣һǵǡ
ָֽһ΢΢һĵֽɷĩ
վ󲽳ɽȥ
ҵ
峯Զһ
ǣӣ
ս¡¡ҵһƥѪѸٵ
֮սҵһǧºͣΪδͨ󽫣ҵڴҲĹ
ڣҲٲȻΪԼĸ
ӥ߸׺ʹø˵ҴȥѲߣȶģ˳㴦һЩ˽¡£Ÿ֪ͨңһʱ

ס
ӥԶԶӦһһĨâ
岻ٶ˵ҵмɶȥ
ڵϣ䱸ɭϣȫԱڸگ˹ؽĵطÿ춼дŸ룬ӥȸ飬дڲ
ڵڱֻ߽ҪһĶ϶֪Ӧԡ
еһѾ׵Ұ϶ҲԼһϵͳòȥġ

ɽͳŶϵķһ·忴ķϵĳǳغʹ䣬Щֵĵطڱÿտյ
֮սȻֻµʱ䣬Ľ˵ȴʷǰľ޴ֻŵӣټǨơ
սѾĲĵǣɽ֮зع
Ҫ˶ãȫָˡ
ŰڣͣڳǳصĽֵϣһܣ
ݣ
֮һƫƧСǹ⣬ͣ
ͣҵ
¼еҵ뵽һķϵĳǹС
ǹһƬսչļطǽһƬڡ֮ս˹غگľӣȻͰ϶סûܹ̫ƻⲢζţսͶϵİûκεӰ졣
սЩǰڵսʹϵһЩкʹ䣬ܵ˲СӰ졣
ӦһСӵ˹
ҵ棬ĿɨΧĶϱڲԫͻȻڵ
˵ǳѲߣǸҵĸоȴȫˡĿļȷ˵ʵҵһֱΪֹ֪ԼҪȥʲô
֮ѣһսҺӮˡ
п
ⳡսֻ֪ûԼĽ룬ʲôӡʱ򿴵Ҳֻһջٵĳǹ
ˣ
˵ţͻȻͣת߽һǰܡƵķ䡣һƬƾɣǽڶںڵģеΡ輸ȫڵأưƬõǡ
ǽڵĵطΨһ̨Ҳ׵顣
ţҪʱһġ
忪ڵ
ǣӡ
ҵͷ
һ֮սҵ̬ȣҲӰٰĲת˳׵óϷ
ڲ˵ʲôκε顣
˵ͷ߽䣬յģʲôûСɨһۣͻȻڵ̤¡
ǹ𣿡
һ΢΢ӵص״š
ңǿš
ͳ
꣬һӵص״ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬ǰһذŲ¶Ķڡ
ڴһ̨쵽档
΢΢һۣû˿ԥŶڴֵ̨ףȥ
꣡
ڰдһ𻨵һɢ
ӡ
ɳɤͷɢ㲵ӰһźԶľ룬嶼ŵһŨŨѪζ
ǣôˣ
һϽǰס˶ǡ
ȡȣӷģЩҪ׷ɱң󣬻ˡ
̧ͷ¶һѿЦݣڰںڰرۡ
Ӳˡ
忴һۣͻȻָڶǵѨȻĶ棬˳ƽһɫҩС
һҩкô
һĽˡˣ崥Ŀġ
ȣллӡ
ӹеõʥҩ󣬶ǵɫԺ࣬ҲûôˣƤҲѪɫ͸
ǵôӳģЩ׷ɱǵˣ֪ʲô𣿡
ʵ
ǿЦͽԼѵĹϸһ顣
ԭڽϳУһֱݷ˺ܳʱ䣬òײҵһλ˳ֻЩصĺһֱѰǵټ
кüΣǶǵĽ£ʱ˹˲˳ѡ
Щˣûץסһ𣿡
ü
ûУЩ˶ʿֻҪܱץҧĶҩɱԹǵװŶҩݣЩҪôʼҧ࣬ҪôʼؽҪôԶϾѾܾˣʲʲô
ǿЦ
⣬֮ǰӴʤЩҲ˵øɸɾˣץҲûлˡ
϶ĲõǣȻҲˡ
ʱĬȻ


640 һе㣬ӣ
̫أң
忪ڵ
֮սеһУ׷ݵ֮սӼɱ˸޷ŮһС
ƶΪں͸޷Ľ֮սˡ˽԰ӡسǴҲ岻Ը֪ԭ
ԼĸϣҲ֪ΪԸ׵Ը֪֮ʮа˾Żᱨ͢
Ը޷µġСһ֪͢ţض·һ
Σӻŵʵκ֪
лӾ֮Ѿûˣֻһռ˶ѡ
ͻȻһͳɤӵؽﴫһߴӰ߽˵ף嶼һ
̫أʲô
忴ǰӰԭٵĵطһŹĺźü룬ͺϵѪһ
ھǺӼһ棬ϵó˭뵽ǰĺ˾ȻǸһ˿ʵֱĽ̫ӡ
ӣԼѡ񣬾㲻Ҫ֡ӲɱӶŮ֣Щ˵ЩĳڲҡТʡĻ쵰ʵݣԶȡϵߡ
ռˣռӶŮ빫ԺҲҪˡѾս˽ϣڹӿľֻһˣҴֻһĿģɱЩ쵰׷ϵ࣬ڴ֮ǰԶᵹ£Զᣡ
˺ݺݵȭͷһǵ˫Ѫ죬ģ·ԶϨŭͳޣκ˶Ϊ֮ľ
ˣ
ͻȻͶͬʱһֻ˵ĺͻȻᣬޱȣȻѪ
ͮˣǵңһǱһ
һ˼˻ų
һɲǣѪӣͶΪ֮ݡ
ж᲻ᵯֻδĴһμһ߳жӣ˭Ҳ뵽ϾǸֱҵĽ̫أȻѪˡ
һĻܶԺ󣬶¼ӡ
ģ鲻ֹ飬ҲƵ顣ֻҪ廹һںһࡣ

ǴƵҲҳǶǼʱ£ѾضˡΪƵı¡سΪػּʮ꣬ﲻӦùˣȫռˣĵز
ãƽҲ鷢κһϣο⻹һƵҳҳ
ӣлܵñ֮ϴϵԸԺƾӲǴţѱ
Ľ̫ӣ˵˽ȭͷڵ
ΪȨӵܣңǴŹãĹͣ˵ϻһϴĻôҲֻʣˡ
ǴͲˡ
ҡҡͷǹǴµѾкܶˡοһ𽥳ɳѵӪֹԺǴ
ε֮սֹԺ˾ѾԷãˡδĳɳȻӵĲ
嵽ΪҲǽϵ顣ֻҪ׷Щˣϵ࣬ǰæˡ
忪ڵ
ƤЩ˼
ǺǣҲΪҲһҪ׷顣һɣ׷ɱǵЩйء
ЦЦҲûӣһӻͳ֧īޱȵĹϼ
ǣ
һ˲䣬ǡ˷׷׿˹ͳֻϼ칤շǳĹ죬Զڼ֧ˮƽҼͷ֪ΪʲôҲûˡ
֪ôһԭ
ҲûֱӾͽ֮սԼһ֧غڼ㣬ƾֱڼȴɱ޼˵˳
ӣ
һ𾪣ӥû£ǵһ֪ԱߵҲһ𶯡
ӵ˼鲻گ˹ģͬһģ
˾ɵ
Ҳȷһжֻǲ²⡣
建ĿбһƬƬĹâ
һҿԿ϶״̬£Ǹ޷θȫǴޡأܻ˼顣Ҳ顣ؼǣҲʵģ
˵ͻȻϼһŤ˹¶һǺ֮ǰûע⵽Ķ
֣
ԣغ׭
ϼϵķŶǺͬʱһǶϼӽλãż֡Ǽ־Բگ˹ص֡
֣
һжϳغڣֻСʹ׭ǳϣ˵ڴսغ֮ʱΪдӡѣȡ֮Ǹӷڹ׭С׭
ǲ׭壬ڴʹõ֡
ҲʱͻȻΪʲô˵ɱģگ˹صˡ
ôһɲǣؽ֮һƬš
Ƕǣ˶û˵ϼȻ֧ϼ˵ֻùأһɱ֮ǰĸоѾȫͬ
ǣΪʲô
̧ͷ
̫ˣ
׷ɱԼ˺׷ɱ˻ͬһǣΪʲôҪԸ壿
ֻһʮѡ
Ϊʲôɱ˱ĿġҲͰˣϾǽ̫أλԺաֻһеӵܡ
Ȼ֮ңһ޹λ޾λϾȨӵ֪ܲ١
ңֻңΪʲôѡ߸һϣ
Ҳãλ廹ߣ
δҲ̫ͻأˡ
Ҳ
ҡҡͷƹĿ⽥
һԿ϶пܺսйءҵĸо׷ɱ˺ͰҵˣܿͬһˡֻſԽͣΪʲôͬʱ⵽㡣
֮սҸоô򵥣ƺлһڤڤпһС

޷ȷʵԴҰģҰĻûдֺʹƷĵز޷û׼ģĻͲȥ˹ˡ
Ϊ˻˹صˣȷ棬ڶƽԭͰ϶ս
Ůڴƣӡɱųɹ˸޷ĳһŭҲ˺֮սҸݶ˵ӳۡʱҲȷʵ˸޷Ůʬ塣
һ˵޷ȻҰĲڽ¼УǹģȴûʹʲôֶΡ
ǣĻ˭أʲôô˭ô
ǳ


641 ִ
Щ׷ɱˣگˣҲ˹ˣʳҲУȻһˣһġ
ⳡսǣ浽ơ˹غگ۹漰ءޡθȫ޷Ĵ󽫣ϵ߰ʮĴԼա
˵һУĴٳɵģ˵һ̶ֳȣ԰ôĵ۹ôôʿŪڹ֮䡭
붼ò
ǸһֻһżȻ¼׷ɱǵˣ׷ɱӵɲͬ
֪
ҡҡͷ
˵ˣһжֻҵĲ롣ǵģǡǲôһǿȷ֮ս˴ơگ˹۹֮⣬ڰ֮»ǿ
Щ̫͢ضݣɱ¾ҶҰɱǵĵѾһ̶ȡ͢ɷ׵ĹѾԼǣҲûá
֮սôڳа϶нҸϣд󶼻ͨôڶй˼ɡ֪ǵĵж󡣡
忪ڵޱȡ
ǻˣеָƣǱѰԺļ䣬ȻֲκһЩйصĶ٣ڽ̫ϵ֪
ڤڤУһָоԼƺӴϱӴûнӴĶ
ӣмɵͽɣѾһεˣѾû֪ҵĴڡ˭ҲжҶν塣£ֻΪһ¶ţǾǾǵĿͮǱҲΪԼϴԹ
ֻҪʵĿģǵɽ𺣣бǣҶνѾûʲôʧȥˣ
ɫԹ˵һ䣬Цѡ
ٴΣΣֶٸݶΣѾһһеĹ¼ҹˣȻûʲôʧȥģʲôηģ
Ͷǻ࿴һۣǳĬ
嶼ܹоʹࡢޡʺԹߣò˵һȫ˵Ԥϵġ
Ľ̫أһźߣֻΪġˡ˵ȥ˭šܵĶֲˡ
齻õİš
忴Ѫ˫а
Ƕǣǻϣ̫ӵļɻͲ㡣Ȼһ㣬ֻҪκһ飬¶֮󶼻ǣҲǣһ塣
ˣڵĺۼѾȫĨɱؽҲû˱иǿľĺȥ׷顣
ЩͷԺһζܿо
֧ڼͽˣ׷ʹڼʼɡ
˵ţͻȻеĺɫϼ˹ȥ
ûа취ŵ̫ණһҿԳŵ׷齣ϣǹ¶ġӴԺֻҪҪκζҶṩ㡣书ؼҩ֡ӡڳú;еҪĶҶȫ֧Դ㡣
ϣҺһ彫㱳Ŀɽ֧Բʲôȥɡ족

ӣ
仰˻¶ɫЩжôӴжô޼ɵܵġ
õĳ̫أǶ
Ը뵽ⱾѾ֧ˡʵϣĳڳҰеӰ죬Լµͣڱ֧֣Ҳڴܻõ֧֡
Աһ˹¼ҹˣ¾սҪǿĶ࣡ϣҲҪö࣡
лӣ
ۿѪ죬ͻȻ˫ϥһصĹǰ
ǧһŵΪֻҪܳԸЩԺֻҪǴˮȥǸͿأ˾ϧ
ǧһŵ˵ԣҲԡӴԺΧӰͶһͶ֮⣬û֪Ҳ׿ڵˡ
¡¡
һ¡¡ĻУľ򿪣Ŷǣ˴˳
ӣλǣ
䣬ϸźߵġˡҵ΢΢ü¶һ˿ɫ
ˡ
嵭
߰ɣôˣǻȥɡ
ݣ
һߺȣҵǣԼһﷵ˻ءֻˣڰ·Ͼʧˡû֪ȥ
Ҳûȥ
嶼ûйʣȻ˵

ڰ֮󵽴ģһŴݺ;еƺƵΪ׳ۡ
ñ
ԶԶģ̳У˻û֣һĴЦ
սѾȥ˰£һֱڼȵ˷ܺϲ֮С
£ôˣҺ͹ֱ֣ѵͲֵõ¿һ𣿡
ɽϣͨϣƥߴӭȥ
Ұ󺺣˾ʮˣϵĴ󹦳δĴӢۣ󽫾úÿ壬أ
ЦǵϺͨ棬Ҳӡ

һ䣬ŰڣѾӺӭȥ
ҲǵһμˣΡұ˼ȻСһô飬ЩԤϡ
ǲ֪֪Ҫ͢ﲻ֪˼ʺ۾ñϵĴ󹦳
˵ţ˫ſȥ͸һӵ
ϴݣӵõϢ𣬾ҹоΪľܹһ͵塣
ֱ˸öӰ
ɿֿ֣һԵϣЦݵ
ˣȮӻС˹δǺ¡֮սҲǼʿµĺͣһ˵ġ
ϳ
ѼӲûڶԵʨӳǣûϵսָӣֱͨ˵Ӯⳡսʤ֪Ϊãڽ꣬ϣܹʤܲ٣ʥʶˣ㻹ʲôɵĵģ
ƾңµͣӴԺ͢⣬ҦҺڣ˭ҡ
Ц
Եرĸˣôй¶ģµ̫춯ˡ
ΪⳡʤԭĴƣͻȻ֮סеǿһΣΡ
жϲ֪
վһԣΡҳôһӣôֻܲڽѡ
ֻС˼ǰȫزס
ֱ֣˰ɣͲ˵ѵˡӵĲŻĿã϶ڼʱͲҪˡ
ͨһԹЦ


642 
˷ϲ¾ˬһӭһɽӪ֮С
壬νԺǧע⡣
Ӫϣͨ壬һȺϥԶЦݣɫ
ͣǱ߷ζҪըˡȻ֣ܶһ׷ھõһЩϢ»Ϻڷ¡
¾޴ͣʥǱ߱Ȼͣ͵ϳ⣬ͻᱻԹץסѱ˿ʵ
ЩԹ٣࣬ҵġڳ͢棬ϲȻ٣Ҫµͬ١
ڻᣬ¹ḡӡԺ;Ӱ졣ֱȡķҲпܵģǧҪ⡣
ĳ
͢Ĳܣսϵĵ⽣ӰͬһСľпٲ¶ĹͶûá
ԻҹСҪ˵ˡ廹ᣬһϣ
ΪϣСĶϣ˰㣬Ҳؾ֮ǰرҵԭ
Ѿ¬ѧʿһµūѧʿԨü࣬ؾ֮ȥѧϰҲó⡣
л
幧һ
Ϊˣ嶮õĶʵҪĶ࣬ҲΪ¾ܹһƬȭȭ֮ģΪж
ûʲôˡˣ壬λǱ߽ұ밲ϵľơ˹غگǱߣθȫڣҲҪʲôϵʱٴ䰡
˵¶˵ǵɫҲ˲١
θȫͻضǵҲǣǱս֮ȴҲȵԭ
Ǻǣ·İɣϲˣҲɲ򡣾ģҲֻܸᡣ
忴Цš
Ŷ
۾һ塣
ӪҲһ׷׿塣ڵϱ߾ٷϴ٣˹غگʼǸвܹ⣬͵ڽ˵ĺ֮ǡ
һˡ
𣿡
ҲһĿڵ
ǺǣǰȻУһоȫͬˡ
Цŵ˵ͷһصӡ
˹غگвǵıǵˡǰĻһûİ취ڣ޷˻Բѣگִ֣ҰһƬңʱǳʩѹʱ
ϰ϶ܼʮһıʮʱκβǣʵΪԭķ֮һ͸ӲǵĶ֡
ֻҪǽʮһ·ڶ֮ϣƺگĵطΪگ⻼֮»ѡ񣿸ƳƳΨһѡ񡣡
ŵ

Ӫһȣ׷׿˹ĳǵϣҸ˵Ҳδš
ЦЦ˵ķӦ⡣ȻǸʱҲһıԣĳЩ棬һǳԭʼĵز
һսʱãڶ࣬˴ݡеսǵĽ֣ʤֻǻϵʤʧҲֻ˱
ȹһʱ䣬ʧ߻ٴξһս
ģʽظ˵Ǽ䲻սıʵģҲʤߵ档
սΪηģͬʱҲΪ˵۹档һսľ޴ȴܴӶϻô棬ⳡսʧܵġ
޷£˹أսƣôΪʧߣҪΪʧ۵׼õĽ֡
һگԶסѵ֮ҲܴеõֲԶջ
޴˹صʱأƽԭشǸǵĶ֡
಻Զһֱû˵ͻȻڵ
ˣǻغʹ޴һӸԭ£ҲĽǵסοڵ˹ҲǰʱѰ·
建Ц
˹ظԭӣûпʳõţ򡣸ο˹˳˼گףһˮкսر£޻ҳƣǾǺͿ͸ˡ
嵹Ͳʱơ

ĻӪһƬЦһս޺ͻرҵϳ󲻵òʹگݣ´󲿷ʿкӣѾ˶֪ʵ
һսУıԣǳ塣
Ӧûеӳڳ幫ǰ
ͨźЦ
ӪҲǻĶЦΪʹֶΣ壬Ҳ׳ɾ
˵ϵĵһһҲֵġ
⣬˹֮Ըڶ£Ƹأ̵ĻگľӣûگӦӦǣǸͲҶ¡
ֻҪʩѹگǳ͵ڴ֮ˡֻҪһƣ޾ٴĵӣҲóȻϸء
˵Ŀ䣬¶һ󶴲Ĺâ
Ӫ˵ԽԽһ䣬ĸҲͷ
ãȻ˸öӣô죡٣ҽͰȥ±گǷǲ
Цİо
ʱôƽϣĻ˶һ޵˵£ʱޱȡ
¡¡һ϶ͬһӴսϲĶ
گķӦԤеĻҪ죬޷ԲѣʮһƵľӳڶ֮ϣگѸٵˡ
һ֮սľگʮĻڵگѾսһǶθȫҲˡ
֮ĸԼ⳥ˣһˡǸʱѾ̿ʼؾʦ

壬ǰ͵ʦˣ
ٵϣ˼һƥԺӧһһңվߣԱպɽӢѵӪѧ
˰µʱ䣬ڴϸϻص˾ʦ
쿴ʦ֪Ҫˣŵƽʡ
Զ֪һװͻȻһָָԶĳţһ˷ܵ
˳ָ֪ȥֻʦĳŴȻڰ캱Ĺһ
һƺ͸Ƕܷôǿҵĺ⣬еĵ֪
ǺǣϱôĹͣڿ飬°ʦѾǰ֪ˡǰŵƽʣΪףҲӦõġ
Ǭһ΢΢Ц


643 ˿
幫ӻˣ
˵ţԶͻȻһ߿ϣһӰۼĺܣһ
¡
ԭǰľʦǸ֮ͻȻˡ
幫ӻˣ
ڣ
ҿȥſ
ϱߵӢۻˣ
ҵģǲҪ

ʦһƬ䶯žıֹˣõһźţ֮һ㣬ӳӿ˳һ⣬˸߲ҡ
壡
壡
壡

һĺ쳹лŲŮӵļһĻ˵Աߵİ˼Ժӧˣ嶼Ŀɿڴ
㻹кܶŮϲ
󣬴һģܳζܷһѴ󽣣Ķǰ塣
ǺǣҲ֪ôܻӭ
Ц
仰ӭȴŮӲԼͬ
ȻһֱһֲԶĹϵʱԼҲʲôֺֹѣһǺģ֮ս˶嵱ԼĽ
֮䲻˭߽ԣŮȴС
һЦϽ˵ˡ
ӣߣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һϤע⡣һŤͷȥֻӰԼķ˹
֣֣ôˣ
۾һΪ⣬ӭȥ˲ǱˣѵӪйĹͲ־塣
ҺͲңǴƵĿңȨ󣬹Ͳ־ΪеĵϵѰǶܣ˵Ƿˡ
ҲûϵǻڳŴȴԼ
˵幫ҪؾǣҺͲľȴˡ
ҾҾ֣΢Ц
幫ºͣ幫ӵĲ֪١ҲȣصڳŴȺ򡣡
־Ҳһ΢Ц
λֿˡ
ҾֻһֻΪڿ֪ܿ˸ǡ
ӣ쿴
ͻȻһŴһɧңȴͷʱֻһȺ˴ӿ˳żҵġ³ҵġƼҵġ̼ҵģȫӿ˳
ǻûعһ
幫ӻˣ幫ӻˣ
ڳ̡ơ³ĴҺ棬Ǵҵ˴ӿ˳Щ˴󲿷嶼ĺܣǿ·ϴҵգ˳
Щ˶ս֮ǰṩ廤Լȡȸҡ
ϴʤƺЩҲ׷ײ˽һصظӭӡ
幫ӣǼ롣ϣ幫ܵǸһ
幫ӣǼһС⣬빫Цɡ
֪ӳͶ٣ҪϢǼʲôʱ򷽱㣬뵽θһǼضɨӭ
幫ӣǾҵģ֪ӻ費Ҫδʮ˸ϲĻͰ°ɡΪºͣҲǼһ⡣
ǣǣ

Ҵļϵӣܼң׷״˷Χ£ͽƱģ͸ǿģһЩгĵϵŮӶһ˹Ҫ壬ҽؽ֮á
徭Ĵսսʤ˴ޡĶ֣һǿޱȵࡣǿЩʢױ磬ĽεҴŮҲ˸ͨ졣
󣬰˼⡢ܷԺӧ溮˪Ŀ𣬺ݺݵĶЩŮǰҼ
¡¡
ȺֵʱͻȻ¡¡ضҡִȫװͻȻӳ˳ĺĻżϡͭӳڼʻ˳
ʲôȴһӴϢɽͰѹ糱ˮһ㣬ޱ޼ʵķ俪
иܵϢ˷׷սè㣬һʶ˱ܿ

ͷرϵĳգǸ趯ģҼҲһҲ̸ɫ䣬׷ȥ
ǣҹֳգĵģƾֻһˡ
Ǹ˵ݡλЩڳҴļϡϵӵǵġ
¡
ͻȻһ죬ϢǿĴȻɢཫ壬һͬе˰
ʲôˣ
ߣ˼ԱߵԺӧһĻɫһ䣬ǰȥ
һȣ
˫һţסǡϵ»ռھֵʱ䲻ã֪˻ࡣȴ֮ġ
飡
˼ʱ䣬Ŵ򿪣һֻɫ͸Ȩζĳѥ˳һһƷٷ³ɽͰ㣬ϢӰֵɲǣڳ˶鲻Խĵͷ
۹ͻ
ݣǰλȻӵžصĵ۹󽫵ݡ֮ս³İ϶ʮ֮᧿Σ
˭֪ʧǿ̣λα֮ʱΪڹ뿪ϣڿɳ֮Ͼˡ
οε϶ͨһƼģ
˭Ҳû뵽֮ΪĽ룬δҵ󣬾ȻΪʤնʮ׼ϴݣ
ͨʮ϶޹й³ҲξзʶΣܵʥʼναλʯ
˭Ҳûϵġ
ֻ³ĺ⣬֪ǡǡǴ⣬־ʱ
幫ӣ
³ɨһۣû߹һ˹ȥɫ࣬幧֣صһ
³Ⱥʱˣһ񣡡

³˷һƬȻ˭Ҳû뵽³Աݣô˵棬Ȼ
˼籡Ժӧɫһ䣬æվϣ˵˹ٵࡣ
³Ǳ飬۹ͻļԱ۹֮һǳ֮ϵһƷԱλߡ֮ʲôĹϵĵλȴǰġ
ۼ³ȫڴޡءθȫڴ֮£οһݣǴƵ۹ľ뢣ⲻڳκҴܹǵġ
˼籺Ժӧļ嶼ѾǷǳǿĹˣȻ³ǰ
ֳϣ³ǳġһ񣬲ʲôܹܵġ
˿ˣܲ𣡡
ҲһҲû뵽Ŀôˣ³Ȼд˴æַס³ֱۡ
֮սӹڴƣգҰ϶Ĵˡ³һ񣬲Ϊ
³һ֣صϣԷθ


644 ټһ
֮ս壬϶ͻȫû϶óʧ³ڳĸͻᵴȻ޴档
ֹˣϱռ죬ΪϵҪˡѾ볯ã˱飬ڰ϶£ôΣȴȻǰչٱһ;
ܵǣ׽пܵġ
ϱռô飬ɲʲôССܶסģ
˵Լ϶֮һ㶼Ϊ
ӣ³Ѿڸб˾磬ɷ빫һͬ³Ϊӽӷϴ
ⷭ³˵ķǳǫǳ
ۼñ飬͢һƷԱһʮ̬ڵôͣôֻҪ˽⵽µ칦ȴֲùˡ
ãǾ鷳·ˣ
һЦҲûʲôԥˬĴӦˡ³Ǳ飬Գӭӣ⡢˼£ΣӦþܾ
˼籡ӧܷλȻȥɡҺ³ȥ鸮
ǣӣ
˼⡢Ժӧлܷ˷׷׵ͷӦǡ
Թȥȥ´Լ㡣
⡢־ʱҲõһߡƵ۹ı飬бĵȻƵĽҲȫһ˵㣬ȴʵʵʵȨɡ
ּҺͲҵļ˵˵ϼ䣬ǽǹͲ־ǲġ
幫ӣ룡
³վߣÿţ档˷˿һۣͲ־嶼ˡ
ܹôƵĵ۹ͻվߵȴţĴǣһҲֻһˡ
Ҵ壬඼òĴ
¡¡һ·ʻţű鸮ķʻȥ֮֮ѵõϢһƬɽѵĻ
壡壡壡
壡壡壡
壡壡壡

ӿ굽ڣʦʹûôֹ˷ܵľۼڽֵ࣬ͨ죬̻һ̴ﵽ˶㡣
ڴƵʷϣԴսöʮ¤˹أϸԭûܵʦԷһӭ
ȫڻӭһӢۣ
幫ӣһս֮Ҿٻ󣡡
³һ´ӣɽ˺еӭİգܿ˻
˵ǱѾķˣ͢ҲѾķ⣬ֻиϾͻ빬ʽ֮͡սսӴԺضɻڴǰ;
³˵ⷭʱ̬ǫ֮û˿ļʡ
ڵ廹ûһְСٶûУ˵ˡȨһֻҪǸ˶֪ƾɢҲƣ£ϻܴޡغͶθȫµĹͣδǰ;
ʦ˽ѴˡƵڰ˴󽫡
ʵھ³òϣڱϵﵽ˺¶󽫼粢磬ƽƽй֮ĵز
ʮ˳ɾͣδܴﵽʲôز³Ҵȡ
Ҳ³Գӭӣǰǫһεԭ
ʱ˿̣ȴ֪³ô뷨
˿
һʤܲ١
¡¡ܿ쿪³鸮ۡС
³׼һٽӷϴľ磬ڵĺƺƵʢѡʯҬ桢ֺ㽶ܣҬӣ߾۹ĺΡᣬⲶľ޾ζȣӦоС
ԾƵļ϶򡢴ʳ֧޽ĵˣޱȡ
ٽӷϴľһֱӰԵϣϯ³ͣľƣа൹飬ڱ鸮ļơ
幫ӣϵ飬лԺʦ֮Уʲôõϵĵطֱ˵³㸰Ҳǣ
³ͻȻͭ¥Σһ֣ص
Խ뾩ǵڣ³ǵһ¶ࡢ֣صɫ
лˣɱ
ĿŶ³ͻȻʲôƱ³ľƱصһ
ϲá󽫵ʶһ50㣡Ǳ1
ͻȻ֮䣬һԺ
ţ
֮ʯһ˿ɫ⻹һ֪ȻһֽС󽫵ʶ
µĴָҪǵʶס
ڶʹ¼ʱ³Ҳֹ֧ԼǸʱ岢ûлʲô󽫵ʶ
ڣ³ı鸮ۡоһΣ֮ʯʾġ󽫵ʶ
˼
Ժе¶һ˿Цݡڻõʮ㵹ʲô˵ġǱ1Ȥ
֪Ǳ1ʲôô
õ֮ʯѾһˣûпصĽҲ֪Ǳʲô;
Ȼоʵ廹ܹжϳӦһּʵĽ
³ĸۡѾǺˡҵ鸮š
ӣôˣ
߳ҵæһĵӭȥͬʱһô˹ȥ
ˡ
ЦЦƿҵĺô멡
ճŵʱģŲ鸡Ŀգһ£˾ȫһ䣬Щȫڵİɫͷ˳ȥ
ڵﻹһ̬
书õֶԽԽ࣬ƳڵľֻǵСѡ
Ȼظɣõˣһһлȥġ

ǣӡ
ûʲôǵģҵ֮սҲʲôڻ˵𣿡
嵭ЦƳҵһۡ
ҵԥһ£ȻлЩģǸֻܵɽʱᱬʱ˵ˡ
ǣӡ
ҵתɽͰӰܿʧҹɫС
ȥ
ϲԶɹͣڽֱߵһͭȻͳеһöɫӡ
һöǳͨӣӸոտʼ͸о۾ʦܹԼеİӲֱ仯ģֻһˡ
ǰ
̧ͷǰһ˿ӵɫ
ͣɣʱͲùˡ
Ƭ֮󣬵˾ԶĵطͣԸ˳򼸾䣬Ȼ
þûˡ
һҹɫеĳǽ¥ӰŨصҹɫֽӵĸо
ϸ룬Լдʱûˡ˵һˣƶӵˡ

峤һ˦󲽳Ź㳡ȥȺĹ㳡ʱȴ㾲Ӱȫޣ˷ÿ¡
·żеǴȥչһ䣬ԶԶأͿһ޴ӰҹɫУͬԶŵľһ㣬צֲ
Ӱĵ£һյٺĵƹ΢΢ţӰһһţ΢ӣǵǰһ̡
ûӣȴԷޡ
˴ǸСƺѾ˺ܾá


645 ټ
ǰ
ǵϤӰ߹ȥǰһ̬ޱȡ
þʦ֪ոϴݣͣΪӢۿ壬Ȼһ˹һò˼顣
֪ǰˣκ˵Ĵܵ
ΪƵľ̫ʱѾµĴڣáثЩǰҲǰɫ
ˡ
ᣬһͨһȫ޷뵽µĴƾ
ɡ
ͷҲû̵ָָ̧Ķ
ٺٺ٣ʦ硣
һɰСԴ˳ֻ۾ڵƹģ龫֣ǳߵġСᡱ
Сһ
ЦЦһֻƣͷĶ̷
ʦ磬Ҹ˵֪ʦǵܾá
Сѹ
죡
ͷҲû̧ȴһָСͷϡ
棬ʦˡ
Сɰͷܿͷ˻ȥ
忴һԱߵ˼ܿĶ
һְɡ
̧ͷָָޡٺɫĵƹҫϣò
ǣǰ
ЦЦùһԵС忴ӣʱ΢΢һʱ򣬶ִӣִӣС
һΣԼȫǰӡ
ǰ㣬ֻЩСִӣڵ㣬ѾЩˡ
ӿеĴ
һɲǣ·ʲôҹɫ΢ȴӿһůЩж
Ȼʲôû˵ʣѾַʽԼϿɡ֮ǰԼûеĸܵġ
ɡ
û忪ڣѾץеӡ
ǡ
̹ȻһЦһŰӡ
һֱҹµףԱߵĵϨˡ
ˣˡ
һ̣䣬ʵˡˣȴû˿ľɥԵ쳣ĿģͺӮԼһ
ĳɲƣ䳼ϧǹ𢳤ʢ˥֮ε֮սɵĲûΪƶ
˵ţվǰһο
ǣǰ
ͷһƬжȴѾǶ϶ˡײ볯漰۹ܵõֿ϶޼
Ϊ˵õȼ϶֪ԸͷѪΪ˸޴ۡ
ϴθİӻ𣿡
ͻȻڵ
ڵġ
æӻȡöӡ
ҡ
нӹӣֻһֻ塣
ϵѪڸͣѪҲûа취ֻʱѹססľһоֻܿԼ컯ˡ
ͷ鿴еİӵʱһͻȻӶߴû巴Ӧ飬Ҽ΢飬һֻһֻһɲֻƱ˻ȥգۼ䣬ȴһɰģǿŵĽͬˮһ㣬ڡ
ܵĽͬɽȻǿףƥȴ̺һǿ
ɽһڣֳɳǧɢ߾͵λá
ˣ߰ɡ
һӶߴ̧ͷֻһӰƮƮ߰СԶȥ
ǰʲôʱܹٴ
һ̲סѿڽе
ȵʱټ֮ڵģ
ӷƮһһѸٵʧҹɫ֮С
ԶӰӿһĪĸо֪һȥֻ֮ĸ֮ۡУ
ǣ֪Ҫȶˡ
ܿ췵˸УݼԼĸףܿ˯֮սûôۣڻصʦҲԺúϢˡ

ڼкúϢʱʹѾַˡʥʵּѾ񲿺ԼϵĹһڽķ⡣
ͨϣֻϵ죬ǵķȫû⡣Ψķͳ⡣
ⲻ壬ûһְٰ֣ηͣ
ǳڽ֮ңֻƽӶѣ϶ľ϶ûôͣ

棬񲿣кµĹԱг͢ʷ׷׳ֹ
ймҹ档Ҫ壬ҲҪݳõĹط޹زɷԲѵҪΪһ˶ҷ𣿡
ԣʷɫݣһ˶սµļơ
Ǻгֻǳ͢Ҫӷ壬˳͢ķȡΪʷӦòηȨػ͢ķȣգֻҪΥ˳͢ķȣضס
Ҵӹɴ֮𣬻ûжһƽ񡱽д͵
ԶԹַۣ졣
֮սУѾۣѾʺˡرϵ˺º񲿵ˣЩ̰ؾɵʷΪľǴѹǸ۵ӡ
һ壬بϣˣУȫǱޡ
ôѾˣﻹֵõڡΨ壬о˾޴в
һֻʮ꣬ѾܹܴޡصĴڣѾᵽ˵ľŹζ
ŹλʱһѹءζԼڳгһôĶ֡
ûһְٰûоӵıƣѨճ͢Ĺأ岻ھı֮Уûа취¼
ٴĹͣҲһ޹ء
ߣǰնʷ˼ôĹͣǲǻҪ˽Իӣսָӵﰡ
һֵֹͻȻԱߴû˵ʷĶ棬һ͢ʷ˵ˣǷ̡
ʷ
˵ʷǫʱɫһ䡣Էʷް߰ףȻǰ˾ά
ҲͰˣƫƫͬΪʷάһĶͷ˾
ǫʱ˵ͨ죬ֻһͻָ
кβɣ
ǫŲӵ͢г͢ķȣΥ˷ȣԼ˾Σ
ߣ˼ǰˣѺȻȥ׸սƵսܴޣܻأܶθȫܱҰĲЩƵİ𣿡
ͻȻ֮䣬һǫûзӦһֻݵͻȻ˹סĶǺݺһȻ͵Ť
ӴӴոջĶǫʹýľģ˵ݡ


646 ͢
壬幫
ˣǫƤɫˡ
ʷ
ة

߽ް߰׵ʷ˶ɫһ࣬׷ް߰ףݣȴȾ˲Ǳˣʷةβܡ
ڶǫ˵ȫһ
ʷβֹܲǴƵ¸صޣǶһļĸֱηȨ󣬴ǰˣȻʣͲĹͳͳܹĵ
εүүƵ¸صľŹܹĵ
Ƶʷ֮нյĵλԺͶβֲܷϵ
Ƕһ壬ҲΪԲűΪʷҡ
ǫΪСԼ幫ĳݣԲѡ˴Ϊһʷĳ̶ֳϣβͬʦ
г͢Ĺ·ȣҲȫǶβ̵ܽġ
βȻ͵ƣ⳯ôͽͳӵбµȨһ㣬Ҳֻʷةһ˲С
Сӣ֪ᱻáʷ֮ѧ֣ͳŪ˵ѧǳãºպչͣҪҾ֪ᱻãȻ
βŭɽߣָѶǫĶ黨۵öǫͶˡöǫܲ˵ģĿô˿ţ澡ʧһʱߵӶͨˡ
ƫƫǫû֣Ϊ𣬴ƵٲǫûĻһ𳤣ڳûȥˡ
ʷ֣֣
ŤȥʷĶ䶼ҪŤˡ
ߣǽѵʷѵ

һƬңʷֵģҲԹ۵ġ͢г͢ķȣβҧ岻ţȻöǫûа취Ƕβܲͬ
βѸߣҵ¸أѵԼã˭Ҳ޻
βܣʲôǳã浱ǶϵСɺͳ
һԣǫԵģ̲סˡ

һ˵ǫҲʲôȻ˶βܵƣͨ죺
幫͢г͢ķȣΪʷӦάֳ͢ķȣ飬ӷͬ䣬Υ˳͢ķȣǾӦָⲻһֱǵ𣿡
˵ⷭʱ򣬶ǫֱԼ幫Ŀᶨá
ʷʷļأԼ幫Ҳá
ž
ǫû˵꣬ʷžľһ˶ǫϡ
ʷ
ʷ

ΧһƬ֧ʥʷĴ󳼶һԾһԱӵĴبҲȻݡ˭Ҳûϵʷҵж
幫
ǫɫǺ죬Ű˶סˣǲ˼顣
βܣƥΪԼ¸ߣȻ͵ȯͿ֮⳯Ϸˣҿȥ
Ȼŭ
Ǻòײ˵ǫԼ˵ΣԲöβƻ
ߣ£μҵòҽѵһԼҵãѵҲдΪҪн̵֮һ㣬ʥʱ¶˵ʲôѵ𣿡
Ի׵βҲǺ޾ɫƵȻʶˣôںһ
㣡
ŭȴƫƫް취
֪Ϊʲô𣿡
βûһԵתͷһԻеĶǫ
ҵ˵ʷֻ֮ɵƤëһϲͨʱ㲻ţҵȰ棬Ҫá㣬Ϊʲô䣬ڣΪʲôҪǣ
ΪҪػ͢ķȣ
ǫشǺܿ졣
شֻܸ֡䣬Ȩһһ˿šһпܵգʳ޶ϵ֮ǲòʱ̶ǣһأҪǡ
ڱӣΪʧȣǾҪʱԣ³Ϊһʥӡά͢ĹطֻΣ£ڼҹ飬ʷְ𣡣
ʷ֮ԶֻƤëѣ
Ǹӣһٰճ͢Ĺأ޷ܵΡһڼеʱ͢£֪һΪڳ֮б˹ڦ㡣ظضá
ʷ֮ڿ𢡣ӣ𢲢޹طֺô෴ټǺӣڳ͢ڼҹΪʲôҪܵطȵƣ
ĩȺ۲ΪʲôƸܹççȺ֮ӱչҵʲôʥʱܹⷬңΨͣΨǾ𣿡
ⷭʷة˵˶סˡ֮ǰһֱĶǫҲŴͣ˵
ʷְά͢ķȣԺиٹ̵ĸ
βܵλȫ߸˶ǫжʷ׼
ʱʷةݣѾûԼеá
ҲôǺӣҶβܷŻڴˣ͢йͣǺôĹҵ˭ҲıԸǺӣȫټûκһ֧Ǻӣ˶ԣҲһ֧
һʷ˵ŭڡ
ƽ͢ҲͰˣǺɢҲƣôĹͣûйûһְٰĺϵİĺ
ôʷ۾ɳӡ˭ϺŪͺ˭ȥ
Ҷǳ͢سʱû˻˽Ǻӹȥ˵أ
ʷ˵ţĿһŤһԵ
ƽʱţʱʷͱˣõĿ⣬Ҳɵһ飬ʶŤͷȥҺʷĿԡ
Դˣ
ˣ
ˣ

ʷĿһɨȥһһĴ󳼾Ȼ˸ҺͶβܵĿԣһЩԭԷˣҲ֨֨Ŀ㣬鲻Խ˵šǣǣǡ
ʥã
ʷЩ񲿺ĹԱ׷㣬תɫһ࣬ŴǵӰһ
ʥã
һɲǣȺ׷׵ͷҦ֮ҲòŹ
һƬžƬ֮ŴǺϣͬѵ
оϣ֮󣬴ϳ
¡¡ͬ
ʥʵһֽʥּƬ֮Ҳعǽҵĸ֮ۡС

ͣ͢Ĵ󳼣Ҧ죬ǰ˼Щˣ˭˳档Һͳ͢󳼣ڱӵļɻ䣬Ҳ˵ʲôЩʷͳ˹ؼ
ε͢飬ʷβܳ棬֪Ҫֳ顣
ҵĸۡϣبΣԼҵֶϻοԽԽϲǰǸƤɵѧ棬Ȼӻͷ֮һӣبô벻ġ


647 һ
һڸһ£ųơƾŹơࡱبһȴ£ȫܺ͸ʱĻԻᲢۡ
Ҳبʹ
ڣڳһ塣
֮սϱŷĳâبֱӣţ
ôˣһ
ʷ
Ҳû뵽̶ʱڣ˯һ£͢ϾȻôࡣǸβܶʷЩӡ
ǾǶһļμҺųʷңߡ
ӡУϱӶβܺѾݣ¡û뵽һӣΪԼȻϳ͢ԼȺ
Ҹʱ䣬ֶԵȥлл
忪ڵ
ã
ϣبҡҡͷԥķ顣һڲ󣬴ݲȵķŻ˲̣ſڵ
ʷĸչҳμҲΪűΪʷңõȻʵȯ顣ңʷ²ˡ֮԰㣬ǶرΪôԹԵ󳼵棬⡢Լã֧㡣
ȥŰлһ̣ʷ飬ջ֮ǰľʥǰˣҾȥҲһˡʷѾлͣԼҪ˭Ҳ
بЦ
ҲʱȻ𾴡
ʷˣںʲôлԵǶġ
С֮֮ˮȻʷԸͣҾһ⣬Աлɡ
忪ڵ
šҲС
بƬ̣ûٷʷ֮͢олҲһ֮ɾһ֮ꡣ
ˣ֮󣬱ڻʹټз͡漰⣬ǧҪ©Ļ˷ͣºҲܵȺĹڦһ󲻾պ󣬶;Ҳ䲻
ب
εķͷͬСɣʥʱԷͣһķǽȻͬġҵĶ裬һݼҫ
Ѿ˰һˣʱӦǡǧҪ⡣
ǺǣˡǱѾҰźˡ
΢΢Ц
һ棬Ǳ߻ȷʵ֪ȾȻھʦⷽ鶼Ѿ׵òȥġ
Ŷ͸ã
بһ˿ɫ漴΢Цŵ˵ͷ
漰ЩС£ûк͸ȻаţǾ͸ò
بܿ뿪ҵĸۡ
Ҳ˽˵λµļ죬һֱڸиǱѧϰԼ͵ǡ

ȻѾʱ䣬Ǿϲղû˿ԽԽҡ
ͷβ¥̸λƵӢۡڳϵ͢ԼҺҦң֮ĶԹԹҲ÷з
ȥĵεΣǿŮ飬Ҳȫ˳竣Ҳ躹ޣطâ
ϴսޣأԼگΣҲĻɫΪ˽ͷβ˵̸ʡ
Щ˵ĿУ˿һǧһ򣬿ԵʯɽӵֶεĴ˵
еĴ˵󣬶㼯һ㣬Ǿķ͡иʹڣ̶£˹Ҫʥʶķ͡
Ҫ˵ôĹͣҲ÷
٣ƨҪҿ͸÷ֻоλǿȥġ
ǳ͢Ѿܾûзˣһһ󰡣ǱӾķͶˣ˵ˡ
ٺ٣Ϊ٣ԲҪⰡôĹͣɲһġôԵóϵĶأˣ˵˵Ļʲôأ
ҿҲǸӾɡ
ӾôҪҲǲͳ͢Щ൱

¥ͷβ۷׷סڽ֮ķͣԽ󣬸־λķ;Խ
˱ʱѾǳĽˡ͢ĺܶһƷԱҲֻһķ͡
ھʦ֮Уͳһεķˮ룬֮µķͻףϣޱȡͼǰ֮ȣѶӲԵ
˵Ĳ²֮УķҲӦôﵽλãϾûôˣǱߵһͲӦ
ʱһζʥʵʱ䵽ֽհ㣬֡ϲҲﵽ˶㡣
¡
Ŵ򿪣崩һɫڣҵĸۡ߳һ̣ʱһɽѰȺӭ
壡壡壡

ҵĴ⣬֪پǵİվۼŮף̼䣬һ˻ţͨ죬һ߹һ
еӣҵһˡѾǶ˷ܲѡ
ҵˡѾǲͬ˼⡢ԺӧлܷĿȫϡ
ϵʤʥʷͣΪѣ˼⡢Ժӧͻܷһ͸ϵ͡
ȻѾǵһʶˣǿ彣üĿͦһݵӣ˻̲סǰһɫ
Ŵսϵ壬ʺ͸˵ĸоȫͬ˵սϵһ޵еսĻôǰӢ˷âʱ¶һֽȻͬ˲Ϣ
һĸоȴԽˡ
ߣ·ߵĹﲻҪƣСڵ۾
˼ݺݵص壬
飡
һԵԺӧû˵ֻǰеĺӧǹһתǹ⳯£ǹϣһݺڵϣͿҴǰӲĵ棬꣬˲ķѣʾζʮ㡣
󣬻ܷһԲϿ˿ı飬ȴвƵ˵ز
ڣ
ʧЦ
ˣˣϵʱɵ󲻵á
ںԹۣаЦҲǴŮģŮӵ˼ο
¡¡˿Ļͣڽֱߣӭӵ
һ·Żʹȥ
Լһ֮ʻ˻ʹѾһνʹˣһεĸоⲻͬ
ɫĹǽֺ׳ڹǽ£ĽһƬ¡ƽͬϣҼλã˺ɫϲ˿
ڽ͹֮УҲ񲿹Ӱ
һεͬСɣ˶֪ʥʸʹͱضޱȡһ㣬ֻ¡س̶ȣɼһߡ
˿Ļھǰͣ
ǰһ޴Ľɫţ񲿵ĹŴһһңվڹԣ΢ͷһ
Ȼģо˵ĿһֱԼ
˵ĹȻû
ЦЦơ
ʥʷͣĹУÿһÿһ̶۾ţһʧ񣬶ᱻԹ۵˼£Ϊպܵڦɡ
һʿӣ֪ץסѱһ
ЩѾµ֪


648 
ʥ
ͻȻ֮䣬һĹѼɤӰӹڴ¡Ŵ򿪣չһźӧףִ񣬴ӹſһֱŵ˻ʹ
һۣȻһͷ
žһ죬һŽµİ׷̫࣬ԶԶվڸ߸ߵİܯ棬

һصĻӹſڴʹò
ñӣм䣬ǰȥĲӺÿһҲխ鲻Ҳֱ꣬ͦһݲȵǰȥ
顢ȣΪֹʱ嶼иɻ
Сӡָˡ
Ŀ⿴ĵطµĹԱŴۣվڸ߸ߵĹǽ棬۽ǳ鴤ѡ
ſʼǾһֱڶ˽лӰһһֹ
ֻϧΧûˣΪֹиɻκεëûָĻĹˡ
𼱣һأ϶⣬һжѾ׵ˡ
Աߵһ¹ԱЦһ˵ţһŤͷԶ̫ľͷ
ʹ֮У£Χɵͨȥʱ֮ߵͷء
ŤͷǰһģǧƥİܯܯһŽɫؼ׵ĽһϵϢǿޱȡ
ǵưϵĽϣĿǰʱҪǰֵն롣
ǹǧѡľ񣬾ƶǿޱȣ־ǿ֮ױǰһĻס
忴һֻۣ΢΢һЦʰϣнм䣬Ϸİܯȥ
ǾϵʬɽѪӲпսģЩûӰ죬޵Ӱ죬ЩסϵĽ𵶡
Űܯϣÿټһʮɳƽ̨һһȥվ˹󳼣ٽɵ͵ߣһ·ȥ
ˣһޱȡ
ҵǸӣ
̨ϣһŴĹԱ׷׿˹֣ڽڶʹ¼УѾ֪ܶˣǵһΡ
ܹܴܲޡأȻֻƾ۵ľȣͲǾеЩҹӡӵܱġ
Ŀ׷ע̨壬ϲϲ壬˲òϣַֹȣһܱȵģ
ˡ
ȺУبЦοޱȡһͳˣûȥңֱӵ˻ʹ
ʤʥʽӼĪҫԼ֤һĻ
ϲڰܯĸߴĿ⣬һֱע̨塣
ߣԭ㣬Ҫ˵̫硣
ڹ̨ĸߴͬ޴󽫾˼ִ񣬾Ӹ£ͬһɽͰĶ̨һŻ塣
Уһıѩ
ƣ˼Ȼ溲֥ȨӵһӵоصĵλΪµͬ޾䣬˼Ȼӵзͬһķ
书ϣ˼ʵ󽫣˿ѷڸ溲֥һ
ڶʹ¼Уһۣìͷֱָºˣ˼Ϊ˴󽫣ʱΪ־òȺ棬ϥ¹
˼Ӱͬս壬ֹԺϣ澡ʧ
£˼жܲޡ
Ͱ˼һ⣬Ϊжд̵ģԶֹһһ̨ϣһĽ˿ۣĿޱȡ
ڰܯһһֱںݺݵĶһӣһΣѾ֮ˡ
ǴƵףҲǳϵԸֶΣǶƻˡ
¥һΣ̫һΣ֮սִŹâ˴ޡľУоâڱʳѰ
ڷͷһһᱻ˹עŴһ뾡һа취ϧۣء
Сӣٵһɣ̫á
кݺݵ
θ룬ϲᣬ˵ûκε塣ڽ죬ǾԵǣʹʦ£ڴܱߵע
ټ̨һӶŲ̋׶ϣܿ͵˹̨м䣬һ۹̨ϵĴ󲮣һϵĴ󳼣ݲȣȥ
Ӧþˣ
ھ̨ϣһŴ˿۵ʱԵĸоһĿⶢԼĿ⼴һֲмͬʱֳһǿҵĵ⣬ƺ޲ðԼ̻һ
Ϊףܴһ󡢻ͬʱڹ̨޼ɵģҲֻ뵽һˡ
ȻΪĹϵҺһĳ̶ֳǡ𡱣ǰǽ廹ǵһô˾ôĹۿλպյ¡
ȻλԺյĻ׵Ŀע£ҲȻ޾壬һ򶨴ݵ˹ȥ
쵰
ԼҲǽסŭգȻŭеɱҲʢˡ
һ·ڸֵĿ߹ͬ޴󽫾˼ˣһϵģиʷġܿǲһһߵ˽ӽܯ˵λãھܯм׵̨Ŵ񲿺ͺ¹ԱһſĬĬĵš
壬ǰּ
УһŽߵ񲿹Ա̯һʥּԣ˭Ҳûע⵽º񲿵ĹԱӸ£Ƴһ壬ӹһĨ⡣
΢ּ
ۣǰȥһ
壬ּɡ
ԱߣһµĹ
˵ͷͬϴƫʥټֽܷ͵ʽǳ࣬رûйٽ׵ġƽ񡱣ʱࡣ
ĹУʥּʥּӼĹУҪġ
һ㣬ŵѾ˵װףһΥǾɣ¸󲻾;٣򳭼壬ԵжϷ
Բ鶼ˡ
ৣ
һڣҪ׼¡ɲǼ䣬˫׾Ŀ׷ϡ·վںܯϹҲ͸һ˿⡢Ĺâ
ŹΣ
ϵĴӢΣ
񣬾ǳһССļƲߣ׵Ĺ֮С
׻̫ᰡ
Ϸ̨ıӰ΢΢¶һ˿мЦݡȱţ˴ޡΣ
ȵʥʷ֮գͬҲ䣬֮ʱ
ʱ˿̣׹󳼣ȴûһ֡
ʱһ̷·ŻۿҪȥ
ԣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һĸоӿȻǰʲôһж糣ȴһֺǿҵĲУ֪ΧͻȻЩ΢ı仯
⣡
Ȼоߵֱǳ϶ʽп϶ǳ⡣


649 
ٳ֮ǰѾѹԼҪСĽΪ϶취ԸԼҾԼϤģ档һ·ѾǳСˡ
˵ĶѾˣȫиɻ̵񲿹ԱҲܴҳһ⡣ȴܿ϶ǳ⡣
һԼûע⵽ģȴǳҪ⡣
Ȼʥʷͣ빬ôҪ飬Ⱥ񣬰ûôĵֵطĿŵҶֽţﶯֽˡ
ˣ
Ŀʶɨǰ󼸽װףͻȻ֮䣬һȻ֮һЩᵽһس¼ԾŴżоצ֮˵ͳͳǵۻʡ
еڡУرɻǡšֺ͡塱֣ҪСģΪ淸ϡ
Ŀ磬Ѹٵɨǰļװ̨סһģ塭ŵʱɫȻһ䣬Ȼ֮ʲô
Щ쵰
һǰļ񲿺ͺµĹԱӹһĨɫ
̫ǰİܯΪ֮·ʥʳ֣֮ǰǾԲ̤㶥˵ġرûйһְٰġ񡱣͹ְĹͬҪע⣬ĻǾǴ󲻾
֮ţ԰ܯĩ˵ľż̨ǾԲġ
⼸񲿺ͺµĹּʱ򣬹վ˼ףԼע⣬ովǹż̨ϣǵȵǷð֮
֮УĴ󲻾

Ժӹһͷ˲ʲô岻֪Щ񲿺ͺµĹԱôʲôǽ󲻾ƾ㹻ԸԼˣ
嵹ʥʷԼʲôóѣҽ֮ҵҲʲôǴһʱһʱڵҪӵ㹻λʵԼеı룬²գ
ˣ
ЩͷзӶкܿע⣬ˣڹµͬʱɫһһϥڵʮ̨档
ּ
˫𣬿ʵʹлص
ৣ񲿺ͺµĹԱʱƤһ˲ɫ֮壬ǧֻ΢΢һˣļıʧˡ
ңü˲ǣȫжϲ壬嵽Ƿʲôܿˣġ
ʶһжѾźô©
󷽵Ĺ̨ϣһ˿۵һ㵣̨ϵ壬ͺһһ漴ɫ࣬ѡ
ԭ¶˿׼찵飬ʱȻ޴档
Ŀɱˣôܯǰļ񲿺ͺµĹģͷأˡ
λˣ
ͷûж̧ͷͷ
һ㵣ܿع
ˣʵԻ
壬ɢҲƣԱϻܴޡ޷ءڴййϰй빬ͣʾʥġ
ʥּ񲿹ɫе԰ˣȻȿţû˿¶
꣬꣡
̵һȻֱͦǰˡ
ӣʥּǵһպã
л
嵭ȻһЦɨ˼һۣȻΪ׵񲿹нӹʥּվ
Ȼ⵭ȻһЦڼ񲿺ͺµĹУȴֻľͺǰֻʮ꣬ȫǵһ
һֺܹĸоϺܶˣһЦݣЦ鲻ѡ
ӣ»û֣Űɣȴ٣
˷Ը䣬ȻҴҵ뿪ˣһ̶Ҷ
񲿺Ĺոһߣ̫ǰղû壬Խң˵Ŀж¶ڴɫ
ǵһλʥʷ̫ͣ˽⡣ǹ̨ϵϳȴ֪ġ
ͣͱȻܺ񡣶̣ǰܹʥּ
һʥּʥʵּ⣬Ҳٸʥʵ⡣
ǵڶʥʲķݡ
ȻΪֹû֪ʥʵ׻ʲôķ͡
ϴݲС£սʮ򣬱ȴƻࡣôĹͣ˶ţҲ֪ʲôʹͣ
Ʊ϶ٲ˵ģΪϣɢĻƽ𣬱һٲǲ֪ʲô
Ѿܾûзˣ￨ģιƱһǲ֪оӾߡǣöһƷ󳼲ŲǸôᣬ𣿡
ҰҲ˵佫ģû顣ȻѵӪҲھûоƣھᱡͻȻ֮䣬һᵽ佫Ҳ̫ˣҲ֪ôƹ

˽£۷׷ס
ڴ˵ģĪĴبˡ
Ӵ˾Ҫһɳˣ
بµĺ룬Ų̋׶ˣ߸ϵıӰ˷ܲѡڱ¸ķͣеĺһ㲻١
Ȼ֪ʲôһبԿ϶ƾϵĴ󹦣εķ;Բ͡
ʱȥ߬Ƿʥּվڰ̨ϣһĬĬȴ
ֻһɲǣֺͣʲôûȴͻȻһյĽŲ
Ųÿһ൱ĴݣŽŲ㱼䣬·𿴵һƬɫľˣ֮ǵأХ
¡¡ɫľ֮У̨̫׶ڲ
ǿĹ
գգ۾Ȼ֮ع
̫ʹƵģȻܶʥµһǿ򣬸Ӳܹˡ
Ӳ˵̨ϻô󳼡
ʣһнֻԼĴѡ
ԼڵΪܹĺԼģԷΪ֪֮
̧ͷҲʱһӰ΢΢ֵӣһƽ̫Ĵݣ
ӣּˡ
̫һʥּ壬һ崺΢ЦͬһЦڳշһ㣬ȻȻĶһ׽С
߹
Ƥһʱ˳ǰλǵڶʹ¼ԼڴʱԼ̫ࡣ
֮⣬֪һ˸׹֣
ܹ̫࣬ʿ߹
ߵδһҲͬʿһ˸ţ
ǧͻµһˣ
ԭأܹõֳƺŵģΨһˡ
ʿոߣʤ룬Ԫһֵ֪ѾˡȻʴգ˷Ϊߣ˺ĸʿ
ʿһʥʳ󣬶ʥĹһһ벻
ϱӣʥʼݱϢλʥߵĸ߹جģĹȣֱѪǧţҲֻһˡ
嵱ϢλͰֺͬշתһĸ߹ҲȻ𾴡


650 
߹ѧˡ
ܿعͷһ
ʦӵܣЩȥƵ̫и̣岻֪ͬǰλʵһλͻ£ǲ̫࣬¹ңԾңң˾ֵ˾ء
οʱ򣬸߹ҲԼж
ǺǣһڰʱҾѾ֪Ӳǳ֮ССһΣǽһȻˣ֮ս²󹦣Ȼûʧ
߹Ӿʥּ΢΢Ц
һ̫಻ͬ߹ԳơۼҡߡҡһֱáҡԳơܵõ٣ҲһˣӺ񰮿ɼһߡ
߹ˣƥҲֻǾ˷֮¡
΢΢һ
Ŷ
߹۾һЩĿ壺
ƥ˼ӵ˼Ȼһ˲ͬȻ¶ԹӺ񰮡
磬ƥǾ˶Ļ磬Ȼû
Ը߹˵Ҳˡ
壬ּɣ
߹˵ͷһ̣û˿ԥ৵һ£˫̯еĵڶʥּ
ּ
һ̣߹쳹ܯʹ⡣һɲǼ䣬ʳ⣬ŮңԶ湬˶䣬͸ϸɫ
֮սͬСɣϵƵĹˣη壬˷׷׺棬ʥּ䲼֮ǰûһ֪
˼ǫ󳼣بڣ¶ȫרעɫ̨ǰ嶼һ
ȻѾʬɽѪѾǳǿ󣬵εķͶ˵ǳҪֻԼҲ֪ʥʻԼôķ͡
ΪһѾʷķչһӣûзġ
ˣʵگԻ
֮սƽگ˹أڹйͻƽ޲ƥʮΣͺӷ
¡
֣һžʯ׹УʹһƬڣ̨ϸһƬ
ʥʾȻΪˣ
Ųʮ꣬ȻǰδСǰڣûô˵۹
ô꣬ڳ͢ĵ伮Žƣӹ񣬻ûķšΪرٴ˺ţ˵ǧǧΨһ˳Ǻεȵأ
ƽ鱦㣬¾Ȼλδ֮˵ĵλڳһƷ󳼵ĵλ֮ϣ

̨һƬڣһɲǼ䣬˵϶д𾪡ϻܶ˲²⣬ʥһ
ûйƼʮӵĻжû֣һӲˡԺܶжϣ¶ʹٺҲһᳬ
˭Ҳû뵽ʥʾȻ飬ûйҲûйְڻǼǵ£ֱһʮߪΪ
λ֮ߣԽĳ͢س
Ĵبʱ򶼱Ĺâѹˡ
ҾȻһã
بµϡĺںĿѩ˷ܵĴϻοĸоһһȻһʮǰδе顣
ʦôңʮ黹ûһйǶһݡ
ġûп㡣ڣұȻڸӵĻԻͣ
بмޱȡ
ʣôһδɵСӣ¾ȻλƵ۹ӹд
بͬʱɫ࣬ѿޱȡ
岻İ㣬һʥصΪġķͣǰû뵽ġһҸ߾ѾѶԸˣ廹ǸԶԸ
һɲǣâڱĸо

ȭͷ죬ھͷȥϴݣʥʷͣٹٶֳĵӣҲʱʥʵ棬ƻ˹䡣
ȻΪʥʶʹѾﵽͷʱһȴԶûн
ٴϻۣΪϹΪ¿ģ䣬ʳأ֮أ֮񲿡ͬ飡
¡
һʯǧˣ˵飬˵Ԥϣ˸е𾪵ĻôڣʳصĶһһǰδеĳ
أ¾Ȼأٶ꣬Դ̫ڻʵ֮󣬾ûܷأʵСӺεºܣȻܹ⣬Υư
̨ϣһʷ̲ס
ʥʷΪԽܣǱ¾ȻءСأҲǾԲԵġ
ƣ
׳鴤ɫŤҲ̲סˣ
һʮСӣδɣһûйûйٽףҲˣȻأֱд
ৣ
Ҳȥ˿ĴȻһ˦תĿ֮£ӵľֱ˦ȥͬСɣҲƻǿڣҲ̲ȥˡ
ģ
أÿһһǰƣݺݵ˦ϡڸо˷˶ڳЦԼ
بǸϼһﶼڱЦԼ
˵ܯ˵ˡ
ԣܵˡ
£
Ҧڹ̨ϴ󾪣ǵø׵Ļĵ͵ҦϵļҷһߵɣʵҲ㲻ʲô¡Ҧ̲黹ĺ١
ֻû뵽Ȼʱȥˡ
ϯĿɲֹ尡ҲǸӵ⣬ʱȥǾˡ
ס£
ҦҪסѾˡ书ߵö࣬߰Ҫʲô˭ס
£Ҫȥأ
ͻȻһЦǺǣշӰܯĶ˴Ǹ߹
̫࣡ٹС
ɫ࣬ͷûأһһǻ׹Уߣ˭Ȼһ̣û˿ף¡ضɽҡ˲ϢһɰģضΪ֮ȻʧɫĿֲͻȻµĴɽ鱬ŷ
ҲǼǿߣҪǿ

һУֻһ˲䣬ͱɿµݺݻУ߸ߵķ˳ȥ
ˣ
㾲̨ϣ˶嶼ԾĿһ۹̨ϵĸʿ߹
øߵΪ
գգ۾һĳԾʲôǿߣǶ֪һġͬС£Ͽһա
书ʵҪߺܶ࣬ڵԼﵽ˻侳ҲһĶ֡
ǰλ߹Ͷ֮䣬˿̻ϢͰ˳ȥ
ر֮սʵѾ˻侳ָôôľȻȻ嶼֪ʲôʱ֣Ϊֱס


651 ʥʣ
ϱʵиУȻʹУеĹҩһȱ书ԶһҪ׵ĶࡣԣȻ㲻ΪѾݼھ֮ϣλе֮У֮溲ĵ۹Ҫǿһ㡣
ʿȻ԰ɣֱǲ˼飡
д˷һɲǼ䣬ǰλ̬䣬ֺշһĴܹ̫࣬ͻȻøߴޱȣɲ⣬ʵ˳ԾģǸ߹ȻҶ֡
˳Ծģ
ˣȫǷˣ
̨ϣ˶ɵ۵ġ
ڳƣ࣬й䣬ĸ֡Ľ֮ңҲٰɰ㡣飬ֱ붼¡
Ǹʿ붼ûľͰˡ
Ԫһң
ܯ£ŭ쳹աӵ͵ɱӿһ˫·ҰްĿ⣬ݺݵ˰ܯ˵ĸʿ
ūţ
ֻҵһūŰˣ˶㣬ȻҶԼֱ֣
׹䣬Ŀɱ˵Ļʿ˳ǧˡ
£ʽûн׼ȥأ
߹վڸ߸ߵİܯ棬ӸµɫЦݣȻֺ̬ӣгҲ˿ŭɫȫ޷ʵ뷨
֪ߵغūţɱ㣡
ɱ㡣

һ䣬ͻȻ֮䣬ⱬ䣬һɰϢͬ籩һͻȻϱ˵ĿУŤϷһͬɽӴĽŭХţȻ𣬶ĿꡭȻңң׼˸̨ϵĸʿ
ʿô
ܹ̫ô
ŭһɱͲţ׹еݣǸҰô
£ɣ
Ҧ˶ʧ̬ˡ
ʿ˭ȷʵǸ̫࣬ݵ΢ܺĻ׹Ტֻ̫ۡͨ࣬ڻʹʦ˭Ұλʿ߹̫ͨࣿ
ʥ̷˼ʮ꣬һ˵Ļ֮֮ԸʿµֹͣڻʹеĵλǷ׵ġ̫ࡱֿݵģ
ˣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ۿĿ͸߹λľǿ߾Ҫڻʹд֣ڴʱͻ𡪡
¡𶯣һɰϢϡͻȻͬˮһӻʹŷ˲Ϣ֮ƻʹ
ˣӿԭʵգͻȻƹһƬһûиܵģ֮ϵǿϢ˲˵ĸ֪С
ϡϢǰÿ˶һС͸߹ֵǿڣӴϢǰҲðɫө֮һ㡣

һ̫ǰÿ˶оһɷĲոջŰ裬Ҫ̫ǰĸʿֵʱҲ澪֣Ͷأڰܯǰ
£
׳£èһȻƽʱŰˣʲô鶼ӣʲôʲôҲǿ
ʥǰû˸ô
ʥȻгɴ󳼸㼺ʷβǫ£ֻҪʥûзڳЩȫû⡣
£ڴôݣݵģҲֻеʥˡ֮ھܹô޼ɵҲʥʵֿݵ֮йء
ǣһʥʷŭѱ֮ͽҲֻܵͷҳ
¡
𶯣ȻǰʲôҲ˷һصĽŲ̫˳
ǽŲһһ£ͺ̤˵Ŀһ
ˣһ޴ӰӻʹͶ˵ĿУܯĶˣ̫ǰȻһӰ
ûκεҲûκζǵӰֵɲǣ˲Ϊصģء¡ɽﶼĽ¡
ͬһһʹģһɲǣʹеձޱȡ
ʱ˵ϣҳ
꣡
һɽУ̫ǰеĽ̨ϵ󳼣̫ͬǰڣ˷׷׹ȥ
һɲǣ㾲š
Ҧڹ̨ϣһ亹ˡԸһˣ³嶯ǲôǺģʵҲûжܹǺ
βͬ
ϴݣʥʷ壬ѾѸ£͢⣬д󳼶ޱȡʱ嶯£ŭʥʡ
ӣҪ뿪𣿡
ʥʵ߸ϣκεϲŭ顣
΢ҡ
ɫ԰ף澪֣ĺ৵ĵڵϣ˲ϢʪһƬƽΪʱҲèһ
Χĵģʥ˵ʱ˴ҳʹֻʣһ˵
ʱ˿̣һ̵ģĪˡ
ϱӣʥϵĵһ֣Ҳ׷ϵģ롰Ĵڡ
Ҳֻϱʥʵ涼ûм
ڶʹ¼ͬʥʱ򣬸ųľ룬ôʥҲû¶ɲ书
̫ǿˣ
ͷʥʵʵ̫ǿˣǿ󡣼ϱӣǿʱ򣬺ǰʥȣҲС΢
һɲǣͻȻЩᵽƽ֮ЩƵǰ̸ʥʣΪʲôôźˡ
֮սҲɱ˽սʿĴڣΪ˵ߣʱĸӦУǰʥʾͺ̺һһȫоļ
嵱ꡰʥΪҲȫ޷ʥʵʵжߡ
ɲ⡣
Ȼˣ͹ɡ
׳£ϡʥʵ߲̺ͣĪ
ܯ£ͷѹĸͣҲĸ
壡
ʥʵĿһתܿǰϡ
֮սӧͳ˧ά˵۹Ҳάϰյİȫ޺ܸȭȭ֮ģһҲҴƵһ塣޺ܸ˾Źá
̫ǰĵģⷬܶ϶¶˼ʵɫʥⷬǶһ弫ߵۣһĪҫ
ֻƾ仰ֻٶԻһ弸ʮȫû䣬ﲻФҲܹһ
Ⱑ
بȻҲ仰ķ˼ͨ졣Ϊټʮأ˵ĵһ졣
岻ңⱾڽϽʿĹֻ͡Ǿ˷֮¶ѡ
ڵϹ


652 
йͣйط㲻ǫ顣
ʥϵ쳹ڻʹÿһ䡣
壬㻹ûְɣ
ˣ
ʥʵĻ󣬹̨ϵһƬȻ˷׷̧ͷϷ߸ߵ̫̫oһӰԼоʲô
ǣ΢ֻʮ꣬ȡδó֡

ƵĴ֣Լȡģǵ¸ܴ֣֮ЩҪôŸ߰˶ҪôԺգԾ󲿷ˣʵֻû֡
ʥǺүүͬʱˣȻûүүô󣬵Ҳʮ꣬ĴبҪ곤
һ˵ȷʵƵĳ
ˣȺԽɧ˶µʲôȻšֻֻɲûг̫ãܿеĲ²ӡ֤ˡ
ܺãȻˣ޾ʹһ֣
ʥ仰һ˵˶סˣܯ£ǲҧݡ
֣
ʥʾȻҪ֣
ʵ۸󳼴յУӴֵģһûС
Ҫ
̨ϣҦȻʧүԴ̼ʮ꣬ҦһֱԳȣ͵סӵģ˵ʥҪ֣Ҳ̬ʧˡ
֡
ҦҵôĹͣҲûܵ¡صӶʥרΪһ򡱲˵Ҫ֣׿ʵ۴ֵȺӣȶ裬֮أ
Ҧһ붼٣
ҡ
ʥҪư
Ҧɫ԰ޱȡ
Ƶʷϣһٵж࣬Ϊʤ˽յȻ࣬ҲûС
սã̫ʱй׳٣Ǵûһܵô¡صʹ͡
ҦȫףΪʲôʥʿȻ˸ĺ
ϣ
ֻһĽһʥĴϳһɫ֮ͷ
¡¡ʥʳɲǣ̫ΪģһպݺƲһΪɫ£׼ȷ·ʥʡ壬кΡȻ̫ϡ
ʥʥڻʹĸ
֮սڶһе㣬ˮΪ켴Ϊ޾͸֡ɣϣ㲻ֻˮܰ졣֮һ㣬ΪҴƵŹ֮֮ң
һɲǣ˭Ҳ֪ʥʵֻڻʹҴ龩ʦ˵Ķ
һϢֵľʦһȷǰ
ž
һ¥һźɫӣһھ¥ĽĬĬơͻȻžһšеꡣ
л£
ʱ˿̣岢֪淢飬ʥʸԼ֡幧һ
ΪˣǰʥֻѣһⱲӵ顣ˣǰλƣϵĴڣȴ˷ľ⡣
һѱ׸ƣȡɨ²İͼӰչޣֵʢġǧһۡζֵκȥ𾴺׷档
ϣ
һֺĽӿʥеĽɫӳڿһΣֲϵĽʣе֮ʧ١

һ̣ӵԼĵһ֣һӴ֣

ķʹ䣬ʥʵĴһƬ¡صĻнƾʦϲȻ෴ʱ˹ظԭȴһ
ţʬȺɶѣɢƬԭϣһֻֻ֮ǰţ͵˵ϣԲ۾һ߾ʬ塣
ĲӬ˵ķţͬһЩʬΧͺղʱƲ㴩Խ£צӴţõʬ塣
ͺվؿһ۲ԶȮȻ˵ĳȻֻʳʢ磬˵ЩʳѾ÷ǳΣա
ֶҲŵѾʺʳˡ
һδйĴ󼢻ģǿʢޱȵ˹ص۹˿ȴصʳΣС
֮սѾⳡս˹ɵ˺Զûпʼҵڸԭɢⳡߣɢ֮УҴӰϵһֱӵ
ûûҹţţյĹŨֱþòɢ˹ص۹࣬ⳡΣΨһ취
طֻдƲУѾǲܵˣΨһİ취ֹգӣ˹ص۹Ψһ취
ߣ֮ս˹ص۹עĽ㡣ϾһеԴ㣬ʮ˹ﶫ£ֻʣһϵϡ
Ƕʮʿսⳡ˹ظԭȫƲһ֡壡
ޣ̫ʧˡʵŽɵϵĻӣ֮ս˵Ҫگǣͳͳͬˣǿ㶼ʲô
˹ص߻谵һƽľ޴תͲתţתͲԶĵطһľһӡֲڵͭ㶦Уһ̡
һжλöʵ
̣ͨԿһӰſɵİɫۣڵϣ׳һϸȥ˺Ȼ֮սбܵİࡪޡ
ϴܣ˲أߺУǧ˹ˮ֮Сŭֱһֽٵʡ
£΢޻˵
޹ڵϣûб粵
ˣ
仰еĲȻŭ˶ʮһ޴޵ĻشȻ޻˵
̡
ˣְλѺȵĴá
ķŭͬһ㣬Ҳõ
£޵¶һ˿Цν뵽˻ܵʲôĴá
ΪϵĴ࣬ͬʱΪ֮սָӣⳡʧѴ̣κδ˿Ϊ
ⳡսķڷ
޹ڵϣԺңԶĴƾʦĳڽܷ͵ʮꡣ
ǳڴϵսճ־ãʹеֶΣǵвǸ꣬лкλ˵
Ըķѡ
飡
Ŵ򿪣ɫУͭؼ׵ʿ̤Ų˽⼸ʿĿֽ࣬Ŵ׳ڵɨһۣܿ˲ԶĴϡ
ֻвܵľȫǧѡʵǳǿһҲڲµʱŻҾ󲿷ʱ򶼲̫õ顣
һȣ
ڼ޵ʱ򣬲ߣ벻ԶĵطһӰ֮ͻȻ˵ˡ
£ϼ𣿡
˵ͻȻϯ֮˹ɢֻŰ룬Ƥ𪣬¶ʺʹƣȴȴ޸ӵĳȺأĿҲӵǡ
˹ص۹ڲǰ˵ŵģҲֻ֮׵ĵ۹࣬ˡ
Ȼλ֮ףǴͷȴ޻ҪСһЩˣһ˵ǲµİϵ࣬ޣȫ¶𾴵ɫ
˹ص۹ǻ۳ۣ˵ĻأҲֻһꡣ
ƣ˼һǴġ
˹ص۹ʵûʲôȹϵܳΪ˹صĴ࣬ܵ˵𾴣˵⡣


653 ֮ɽ
ʲô⾡˵
ոջȻŭĲڴ֮߳󣬶ʱһһúɫ̬Ⱥ˺ܶࡣ
˵仰Ŀһ
£
ǣ
ܿ˳˴ͬʱ˴š
ʥڷӣ֪𣿡
Ŀ룬ǰŵϵĴޣͻȻżɽֱ
ˣ
仰һ͵̧ͷƵʥʷ壬仰ʲô˹ص۹֮нĲҰܣȫΪǸʮĴ꣬塣
ʥʻ壬ôδǸҵӽڴƵ۹ԽԽã˹ص۹ҲԽԽв
ߣܺáҲоˡ֮սѾȥˣǰϵ˶սʿҲⳡжôӴѾΪȥսͱȻдۣʹƵսǸĲҰܹܶȻˣҲǺã١֪һ֣壬𣿡
һ˫һ˿ĹâɫҲȫ赲ס
һæĵͷ
ʤǱҳ£θ˶ĴۣδƶΪ˸ӳصĴۡڴ֮ǰǸǸϢɣ
ף

ﶼֻʣ´һ˵
£֮࣬ս۹ܣѴ̡ʲôĴﳼԸܡǸҵӡ˵ܵʥʵáôδӱؽΪ˹صĸ֮ȴݡսΣգңƾӿ쳹ʱûָͣӣûлҹ
ıһûȫûа취Ԥ⡣ҪǣȻֻʮ꣬ȴ˼ԶĺεһֵµĽ
ֻʮ˼ֶΣֻδһɳδ½ݰ

һ仰һ޴𵴡
ǵ۹꣬ڴ󷽣˹ص۹ϵĲȫ͸𾪵ɫѯѯ˹ش꣬Ҳȫûϵ޶Ǹҵӵۻߵֵز
£
˹˶֪仰ʲô˼
˹տأ޴ĺβϡĿ˹ص۹ѵաнʿʵܵ޴ơֻƬص˹˿ԲӰ졣
˹ֳԼΪѡ֮񡱡
ʷϣ˹زûг׵ĲҰܹһٶ꣬˹ؾѾйα˹ˡһΣǴ̫ڻʵʱڵľ
ڶǶʮǰƵսڵ̫ٱãȻʱûйǸʱͱѾûʲôˡ
ΪеĴ󳼣Լ˶Ѿ˱ᣬǰ˳Զǧ
µֻһճǶѡ
ΪѾһճǣԲǰ˱ˡǵ޿ɵֵķâڸԭĴΧ𵴣ֻ̣ڼڣֻҪõ֣˹˶еη塣
֮սϵֻһֲս˹Ĵһ԰ϵʧ˹ص۹˵ʲô
Ӱ컹
޵˼δȻݣ˹ص
ۿǸߵ˼㡣
رǿǵ⼸ʮ꣬˹ص۹ͼΣѧϰ˴ƵĶ˴ľͬʱֳ˴սѵ˴ľ޵۷ŵڣԽ˼顣
࣬£ﳼϵҲٵĴ佫ڵĴƱ³¤ĸ溲ûһǸһҸоôв΢飬Σ۸ĴۣһҪǸӳȥ
һ˵óϿޱȡ
ĴϵĽûеǲģ֪Լ˵ʹΨһģҲĻᡣ
飬֪ôˣ
궢Ŵ޵۾ãı۾֣λ۹ǵϣѾʲôϡ
۹࣬ǻ۳ۣ
ʱ򣬼̵ļ仰˵ܶˡ

һɽ
ͬʱ˹ص۹ŵʱңԶĴϣͦεĸɽһŻݳʾдһִݺ͹һӡŰɫ滨ֽɡפɽ¡
ǰʮ϶սʿˮһսսʤʮĵط
ϵ֮ɽ֮սһµ֮֡ɽٲȻѾΪϵ֮ɽ
֮ս̫Ĳ˼飡
ʮȻսʤʮǿһնɱʮھ䣡
սؼʮսʿˮԴΣʱľϡɽϾȻڳˮԴ

һУڻӣʲôԽͣ
ϣһɽ
ǸɽͶָʮӳⷽ٣̸Цʮҷ𣬻Ͻȫ꣬Ȼ֮ˡ
Ϊֻٻöλ߸ϵ
ɽĿ꣬ǳսɽݣطԿըͼսĺۼܶطԭƺɫ˺ɫ
һЩͰݵشԿһЩɺԵɫ̵Ѫ顣
ݳ΢΢۾һſȻûɢȥŨѪζӵϲû˿Ķģ¶һ˿ɫ
սЩ˵Ǳ֮Ыߡ
һЩ˵ȴõ̲ҩ
սЩսʿã
ӵõľɫ
ɲǣ־ɫΪġ
ݳӽ˫ɽǳսԼʮսʿӶǰͺ̣ݰ㵹µĳɫϵɫԽŨˡ

ݳӷӽ̾
ĵѾ׸ıϵľơеİ϶Ѿ뿪ǰگı߽硣ڵġ֮ɽѾһˡ
£϶пܻᵽѲߡǻǿɡˣ¿⽻ǡһҪ̽ڲҰܵ࣡
һӶߴԶһӿڵȻ߲ŵ̼ģ۵һ⣬ͦʱ޿̲ڹ۲ܵľԼϣһײŵĳһ˵ݡ
һǿߣһѰߣֱֻͦһ˲УǾǾˡ
ʲôϴսѾ˵עڶڶ߽硣ûܵʲô
ݳӳԼİ滨ɡ̬УЦ˿Ϊ⡣
̬λǶ߾۹Ԩ°֮һСλȴʤһġ


654 Ƽ
߾ڶ޵ؽ磬ثϱɱкܶεսǱλܡ
ͬϹıһԵУֻʹһѣŴսʱʹѣѡڶûܱʹóѳ
ɱϲԼĵСȫͬ
ڼҵսϣһĻɱԽ࣬ʵԽǿҲԽĳС˵һȺãѪƣ¸
Լ˵
ֻܵһǼҡսսŨҵġָĲǺѪ֮
֮սʮսʮսʿս
£ƸأսԲ鿴
ң½飬˭˵ûв鿴
΢΢۾ӣڿᣬͻȻ֮䣬һݣݣͬһĨ㣬һ̣ѾǳɽͶˣϵλá
ŨҵѪȰսֻŵһ˵ζһɱ¾һɱ˶٣ǧǧԣһһǧʮ߸ˣ
һͷЦ
ȻԾѡΪ˵ģǡǡǶ飬һնɱһĵط
սѾʬ嶼Ѿˡ
ֻһᣬȻѾ֪ɱ¾ʵĿһ㣬Լ֪
ˣ˼һɱһ𣿡
һӰӱݶߣſյΧһȻ
ͬ˰˼в˼в˼սɱ
ûĻԽԽ˷ܡ
ˣһŵһɺصѪҺζ궯ȼһѪҺ
˵һ䣬һ˹Ǻܿ죬͸ζЦݡ
Ŵƾʦһ壬пѪ֢ĴͳѪ֢ѪҺɱ񣬲ѡѵǿѪ֢
һԽ˷ˡ
벻ҾȻŵѪ֢ߵѪҺζǴɱ¾֮ѪȻƳնɱһˣܵõѪöð
֮УѪ֢ÿֻһˡһĴ˽ãڻʹ֮СôҲһѪ֢
Цݣ΢۾˼Ƭ֮ͻȻ֮ʲôǺǵЦ
Ϳ֣ĺôˡϢ£˵ǷҵӾȻͬѪ֢һ֮гѪ֢ȤȤ
ΪͿֵĸ߾ʿһӴסˡȻ
Ѫ֢ųƿŤ˵־ɱ¾Ҳ֣ӣһֱɱ¾һֱɱ¾Ķگ˹صˣݿǾ˰
ν֮壬֮ǧѪ֢Ȼǿ󣬿Դߵʵһʧȥƣѷתô֮սУ彣µĽһ϶սʿ
ɱˣҲ˼
ݹսۣûŵκΰ϶սʿѪҺζݿԲκ˿ġ
鷳Ľɫ
Ƭ̣ͫ΢еһ¶˼ֵɫ
˲ˬ찡ɱ飬ΪʲôҪƣ
ɫ¶εĽǿѪԼϣǸǺεȵ֮ϰ
ϧСӵôǿȴƫƫҪȥơϲɱ¾䲻ˬ
ˣ
˵ʱͻȻ֮ԺһһǿϢͻȻĸӦ֮СһͣȻֹ͵ŤͷɽǣӦϢλá
ֻɽ£಻Զĵطһ£һ̴Ӱͷڵϲ鿴ʲô
Ϊһˣͬоʲô̧ͷɽڵλƳһۡĿ磬нӴһ£񴥵һ㣬˫˫ջأͬʲô鶼ûзһ
ߣͻҲˡ
ЦһȻźԶľ룬̧ͷɲǣһ۾ͿǱ־Եĸ߸߱
Ȼƶݵشθӣͻʡɡơ߾ͬʱһĳ̶ֳϣ߾۹ʹȻѣ˽£ʵ˭ҲƲ˭
Ҳˡ
£ҪǴһк𣿡
ΪͿֵĸ߾ʿʵ
ߣǴʲôкңù𣿡
վɽͶˣӸ£Χеľɫ۵סȥ֮ɽΧֹһ
ˡ߾ˡͻˡˡʳˡ֧ˡɫɫˣɸݣĸϵ
֮սʮƾӣԿʮȰܺʤնʮһսıϵĸ֣ı˴ƺܱĹϵ
ԭڴܱߴսܵϢ֮󣬷׷˱ᣬԶǧ
ⳡսگ˹˵ʧȥһռϵľѻᡣڴܱߵ˵ʧȥһμõģ˶ƼλĻᡣ
֮棬ȻѾ˥䣬ľչ¶ķâȻͬһ¡

ҶˣǸ߾ˡ
ɽ£һ̴ͻˣ

Ϊ׵ͻ˰ڵϣ鿴һΧźۼ
ͻʺ͸߾ƽƽʱʱԷɱ¾ϵϢ֮ԶҲı
ʲôαװûõġ
ң߾˵˫ʶȼߣðײţڴ֮˵Խۡ
ˣʱޣһۼ̫ˣܿͻƵע⡣
Ϊ׵ͻ˵
һ򵥵Ŀ񣬶ͻʾȻһλҶԶͻ˵̫Ҫˡ
ƾȻһλһжʤ࣬ͬʱԻܴ޺ͶθȫĶͳ˧ôҪ飬ͨĳͼ鿴ֻ־߱ḻսԼǻ۵ˣܴпߡ
һһҪ飬֮սôܵģ鵽ΪֹдƵܱͻڣڶûŪ
޺ͻأԼθȫȫǵͳ죬ռоƵıΣӦʧܡ
һһ˵СҲǴܱߵĸѡڴսһԺ󣬷׷ʵز鿴
ߣ
Ϊ׵ĺͻҶѸٵվˣѸٳһȥԼ֮һȺͻ˾Ѿɽ͹һ飬ͣһ޴ĿӶǰ
گʵ۸޷˵ĵط𡭡
ͻҶڿӶߣָڿӶıԵһѣȻ̧ͷΧ
ӶΧĿ꣬ݺύĹۣԼսĺۼЩۼͨ˵ȫû壬ǶڶͻҶֶ˵пȴȻͬ


655 ̥
ͻҶ΢΢۾ɲǼ䣬Ժ˲һȻͬĻ档ɽɽͣȴʿЩʿ¼׸ͬͬ
˶ɽϷɱ
ʿм䣬ͻҶȻӴľˣ˵ǰһӴӰ⣬ڳ̤
ղμ֮սǿͻҶԺеĻ棬ȻԾѡ
ΪͻҶȻǽսĳԺһ顣ЩĹУȫǵʱʵʱ档
ͻʺһҲֻжͻʵĹҶˡ
ˣ޷ﵹµġ
Ҷ̧ͷǰͻȻڵ
Ϻͨǿ֣һһҲֲø޷ˣ̫ˡ
Ǹ޷Ҳһܹگǿֵزʲôӹ֮ôһûСȫӦð
ҶһͻʵĽüͷɻ
ҶĬȻʵϵʱսܣ޷ˣδҲ൱֡Ϊ󷽣գսԭ
޷󷽣ôӦˡ
˼ġ
ҶĿɻɨΧӹɽʱ򣬺ʲôͻȻͣ
ʱСӣó˼޷ȫŪڹ֮ˡ
Ҷ̾Ϣһ
ȻսѾȥһ£ûκܹ·𿴵޷ŭյʱ򣬺ȻһӰվɽЦԼ
ǸЦø޷ﳹʧȥǡ
壬ֶԶ⣬ԭĶͻ˵ȫǸİ֡ڴ֮ǰδţǽ첻Ǵƻ˶׹Ҫֶ֪ǲˡ
һԻܴ޺ͻأնɱʮκһ޷ӵġ
رǿǵ֮ǰûκ鱨ռϢͱ÷ǳҪ
鲻һСܹġ
иɳҪ̽Ҳͺˡ
Ǹ޷ҲɵӣǸôȷĲԾһأ
ͻ佫һԻ
ǣ
ҶƬ̣ȻЦ
ϴĵһҿ
ڵģˡ
ӿͻ佫ܿ콫һͻĵֽ˹
Ȼ˰
ҶͷƬ̣˵ͷϵЦ
ʱϢ˵گŨֱ̹ϮеݻһگʮĴ˳һСĿο޷ﻹҰĲΪ壬иͼı򵣵ʳ֮һ棬޷ＸʮصҰҲ֮Ǹ޷ʧȥǵԭ򡣡
˵󣬹Ҷһ̾¶ͼɵ
սҵĳ̶ȣ޷߾ԲûˣθȫûϳҲһȰֹסʮ϶ѹ̫̫ıҲԲֻôһ
һֻ֣ҪȱһǸСӾ;Բܼŭ޷ⳡսȫһ֡Լɽ޷ϺͨԷеļıһһۣ£ôôսһûм˼֮ı֮ԶĶ֡ǸµĶְĺֻʮꡣ

ͻյĵϣֻñϢǶڹӰҶ˵ͨʵؿ죬ռϢԶȵ϶Ķࡣ
ҶȫܹĵλδıĴ꣬ж֮ѾеĻڡ
֮ϵʨӳǣ֮ɽϵĸǽ˹ظԭϵگȼյ֡еļıһһ˿˿ۣȫиɻ
ҶֻҪ붼ͷƤ飬ͷ亹乣޺ͶθȫĿ⻹ǰսʱǸʮȴѾʣԼĿ۵£ƺûʲôֹ
˼ıֱս
޺Ͷθȫһ㶼ԩʵϣҶЩңⳡսڶ϶
ǸģҲǴ޺ͶθȫԼԼĶͻʺ
߿ɺӿռǸϢһҪעһһпܣ;ܵĸɵԲ뵽ǡ
ǣҶˡ

ϵ֮ɽΪںʹ֮ս˵עһ޷ƹȥĿ
ʱ˿̣￱̽ҲԶֹͻʺ͸߾ô򵥡
֮ɽһطĿĺۼһ𡣴Կţݵ̬Ǣĺ˷ڣǰ֮ḷ́ԽƵľʦ½
ڴ˵½һЩˣҲѾǼֲˡ
ֻЩɫй¶ǵݣʵһȺʳˡ
ܶں˵ʳ˺ʵܴһ۾ܱϳǶڴ˵Ǻ˻Ǵʳˣֱ治ȫһġ
ҵˣ
һʳͻȻ˸Ĵʳе
ɽ£һȺʳҵҪҵĶһ׵Ƭ϶ȻѾɨսôʮ˵ʬ壬ܴɨĸɾܻһЩ©֮㡱
ù⻬ĶϿڣ÷Ľ
һʳʰϵƬ߸߾۾̧ͷۿһףǰɵļס
пԸоĵ׺ܺ񣬶Һܳ
˹Ŀףֲڳ̶ȣʳ˶ģ˹ڶרעʹǵĿ׼ֲڣȴҲﵽһߵĳ̶ȡ
Ȼأȴļá
ĿףԴʳ˵̶ȣҲɸеͷʹ
Ⲣǳԭ
ʱ˿̣дʳ˵Ŀⶼڣп档
ù⻬÷ֱͺһǸ˶ȸֽ𣿡
һȺʳ˿ſеļƬĿ˸ëȻĿȹâ
ʹƽĵ۹ʳ˵ʵԶûôġ˵һⳡսҪ
ȸ
ⳡսУһ˵̫ҪСϢʳ۹µע⣬Ǿһ֧ǧҵСģӣװ˳ɽƵȸսУʮԼ˹ңսĩڣ˾޴ĳʹ
۹켼߳׷ɱĴʳ۹Ϣ˾޴䶯
Ҫֻ֪һǧѣʹЩĻǲ̫óսĴˡʳӵ½һѣԴʳ˱˹˻ҪǿսҲѾսˡ
˼飡ôİףȻֽһˡ
ǰǵĶ켼ȻȴƶҪǿ󣬵Ҳûһһ㡣
͵ʯȻô£ۼһš
ϧ۹ĹѾ˸ַʹﲻֵز治֪ǸĴôġ
ȸʵսѾ֤ˣΣǶһҪ취õܸʲôۣ

һȺ˿ŰϹ⻬ĶϿڣĿޱȡǰĴʳôôӽԺеĴʳˣʳĹȫ֪һ˼Ĵ֣
壡
Ĺ֮



656 ݷң
ˡ֧ˡһһϵĳɽ͵ΧȻעⳡսĻԶֹЩˣެˣع裬죬溲֥˼˳һƵĶ󶼻󽫣ȫɳԼĸ̽ӣȫʵؿ̽
ϵսȻѾȥһ£ǶЩƵĶ˵嵽ôսʤģ˵ڶǸ˼š
ȻйսϢѾȫЩϢȴЩֽϵôͲ˵ġ
֣ڴ֮ǰںܶ۹˵ֻһأҳݵС䣬ܶѾϴܣķ漱׼
ʱϾȻʤˣ
˶еʼϲ
壬򵥵֣ڽڶʹ¼У֮ǵĺ˴󽫷졢֥溲˼˳ҲȫСˡ
˼飡
òҵս
ضˣ⵽˶ˣ
˿´ˣĻҪ¡

ĳ̽ӡǰϴսġżһж𺳲ѡ޵սģԶս˶̵
ս̫̫ˣǱͥÿ궼̫սˡûһս˵ôңϢսϵϱ˵̫Ũˡ
ҺЩ߸ϵ佫ǲͬеײϱܸоײʿʱļͲҽС
ʮ϶ʮʼϢʱǾţΪսٴﵽֹģǿ޴սߵĺĺ࣬Ѿûٻˡ
𺳣еִΨһĸо
ֻҪ룬طǸʮ϶ذΧɱһѪ·ʮоͶλԭôӣһԴη

Ÿ˷һµϢ˷طֹǱ佫иܱǿ۹
ľУһз֣壡

ϺܱߵĶʱ˿̣Ƶ۹ȴһƬ֡ϲ֮С
գ
һãһã
󣬾ķʹãһӶӴźµӳʻѸٵʻʦеĸط
ৣ
һΪ׵ϷѸٵߵǽߣȻһӸµĻɫ˳ǽϡ
ЩѸٵļʻȥ
ˣ
ǰû˵Ϊһ𣿡
٣ƾµĹͣһʲôӢۣӦͣ
˵úã˵úã
¶ذǵ۹֮

һߣһΧ£еķ䡢̼򣬾¥ϰ壬ˣˣġ˶˷Χ£ۼ˻ɫ¡
һãһã
ͻȻ֮䣬һ洫֪ʲôʱһŽģĴΧ˽˻ɫ档
ҿһ
ٺ٣㼷ʲô㶼һˣѵҲѧ˼ҷ𣿡
֪˭ЦɲǼ䣬ΧʱһƬȻ
Ȼȴδţյǰ΢۾רעһָ˰Ϳ֣
أأûпˣ¾Ȼ׿Ⱥӣأ
߿鼤ѡ
ˣ
Ļһ䣬һεܵĿԭЦȺʱһƬžѻȸ
أ
ھʦֵطʱˣʶ˸䣬ٶ֪һ㣬ٲءǴƵĴͳʥһͲй
˭Ҳû뵽ʥʾȻأ
ǺεȵĶ䰡
ءӴ֡
һľʦ֣עӣַͶȫ˴Ƶû˾ʲôף෴ͷβŵƽʣ˸߸ߵĵȼһ̻
һЩϷӡˣڽͷݡ
ϴսֻ˲֪һھʦ֮ĿֻţֱսܵϢƶ𣬴Ϣ
Ƽ꣬ǾٵˣҲûоһСŵһ۹ڸĵҵ֮£Ȼȫ޿֮
˺µġ
Ȼֻŵʱ򣬴ϴʤϢ
ҵΣգΣʱϣҲΣеĵ۹ǷأǴ֡
û˾ʲôõõģ


һֻŸӶų򣬻ؿռ䣬˳һƬ䱸ɭϵĸ֮ۡСڸۡſϣдɷļ֣

ʥʴ壬أӴ֡鷳ˡ
ҵĸۡϣٵĴ꿴еֽüͷ¶ĵǡ֮սҳѹԼϵĿǣ׵Ѻ٣ҵĻ׵ն˺ҵϵ
ʮڴд޺ͻأ˭ʱ϶ǾԲʤģֻǳ⡣
ڣҲΪԼʱжûġ
Һ֮䣬ʵģȻǻ׹еƴһЩҲֵһЩ굱ʱѺ٣ֹκľ
˭õϾȻˣǸСӳΪĹ
ء֡
ʹдĵһϢһɫѿޱȡɵҲó֮ܳʱʥʶǸӼ俴أԺܳһʱ䣬ҶʥŨأһԽԽŨ

һ˶ڷгüչʱͻȻ֮һ⴫
ү͢·ǰݼѾſڡ
ʲô
仰һ𣬻Ĵλվ˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵ոջô£û뵽ηʹǾѾҵſڡ
Юƶʦ𣿡
Ŀһ뵽ʲô
ֶŮٺλ֮飬Ҳ֪һЩഺͣѲŮŮЩ¡
ٱѺ㸮УǱ߲ŸոշãܵݼĿĲ

һҲ
ô
Ҽ壬׷ԵĩʱڣǽңҲһѡ벻Ͳ
ǣү
һȣ
˲Ÿոתûϼͱסˡ
ߣأӴ֡СǴʱ¶ڶʱ֮⣬ҾͻΪƵʸ֮ССǴע⣬ԲŸô޿֡
ϴݣ֪ڴƵжôߣʱݼȴûκԵɵĽ֮⣬ǻһʲôӡ
۾ǣǻû˸ҲӣϾϿǸոմˡӡ


657 
ߣ½ôҽԼҵֶŮ˺θɡҵҪܸŪʲô
Ҳһŭ
ˣұ㰸ӭӣ
һȺѾ御ˣһȺƺƵڵĳŴŶȥ
¡
һ죬ҽյĴźȻһȺҵĻӴ̤˳ȥ
⣬һͣԱߣһ۾Ϳһź´۵꣬Ҵţվһ
ԣ趯һֲͷ
ˣμ棬ˣ
Ķһ΢Ц˶ۣתʮǷ绪ï֮ҵĳҲʹ߱һӵ߱ĸԶʣټϼ̳ĸİ𪡢ݵӣԼڲпᡢսĳȺء
ڵ壬¶һ۷񾲵Զȴֲʧʡ

κһ˼ɲǣвḡͷ
оתϴսϴ壬һһ¶ʶ۲ѣ˵ȫӣ
ڣЮƶٵĴҲһ¡
ӱģҪݷĶࡣ
ߣӴݹ٣֪кιɣ
ܿ죬ͻعһ壬һĲƣȫûÿţȥ˼
ֻǵȻһЦҲż
ԭٵĴꡣ
´ŴſڳֵˣȻٴܶνˣҲ֪ЩˣҸϵЩˣ廹һû
Ϊ˸㣬ȱһЩϺӦþǴ֣ıҵ̬ȣͬʱ˸
ϲɫȴ˲Ϣͷ
ոշؾǾ͵õϢٱԼĴ󲮺͸˸Ͼ˺һϵԼķŶ׼̤ȥ
ȻҪ٣ҲѼ岢ûһֱȵʹ֮Ÿϵҡ
ˣǾʦƵ壬ں֮ر裬ݷãֻǽղŵÿնѡ
Ҿһ
⣬ºСԼ֪ΪʲôСһֱûиᣬҲûκεĻظйУصŰݷá
ǣ£ô֪
ЦһһĨĹâʲôô֪ܲʲôԼֻǽڶѡ
ٹڸһ£ֻӬɲȥ˵Ϣˡ
屧ڱл֮ͣСĻȰӻǴظȵٵˣݷò١
˵꣬ڳһл͵̬ѾˣҲˣҲκë
ᣬ͸ѧ˵ʦǰŪ̫Сˡ
ˣֶԵŰݷã׼֮⣬ڲˮ𣿡
ͻȻ֮䣬һϵУǼһֱͣڽֱߵŴ򿪣һȺصӰ˳Ͷ֮䣬¶һɳسơ
ˣ
ǵӰɫ䣬ֻ壬ûϵȻҲˣبһֱ
֮ĶԻبȫһ
ˣȻֶֶŮԼǾԼɡӦòһţǿֶŮܾɣ
ب꣬ɫܲƣϸ鿴ᷢüУȼһŭ
һУ츳ߣǿͬʱҲϣ̳үӵӰˡ
Уһпܴﵽһߵĸ߶ȡ
Ҫ˵һΣʥʷء֡ʾӶأʦ֪ȨҴ壬Ҹ߿һۣҽϵ
ǵڣѾ֪յҪвһӰļ塣
ЩͨͨҪŮӼ޸壬һûдӦبҲû׵ͷ
ʱյݵλѰŮֻû뵽ԵŰݷãҪҵλ٣ȻᱻٵĴ굲⣬֮ǧ
بм䲻졣
⡭ˣôҡ
깪һ񣬶ͷ亹ҪˣҵҪڻһЩûʲôʵȨְλبֳʵȨسȫһΡ
Ұ֮⣬ȴҰبҲ֮⡣
ǸС֮ҲûʲôبԼͬҲ֮⣬ǾͲǺնϹϵǰ
ʲô֮٣ϾҵȻȲҲʲôѰҿ׵ġ
ֶֻŮȷʵǱС
ûлͷȻѾ˵ٱУ֮ǰְҸˣʱ򲻹ôҲֻҧ˳仰˵ȥ
껰û˵꣬ʱͱһЦˡ
꣬صÿ湻֮սֶŮôĹͣȻҲԶһ
ܷ˽ܷ˽Լǫ鲻ҪɲҪƵֶŮĹͰ
֮սô£СҹͣҲѹ۵
ȻǾ͸Ӧȥһ

΢΢һȴׯصͭӽֵһʻŴ򿪣㵡ĿУһ͢ʷ˳
֪꣬鲻Ȼȥ֮ٲҪڻǰһˣôĹôأ
һֶһСָʷЦǰһ۾ϳˣǳеĶָʷФ
Ȼһָ£û˸꣬ʥҪȰ費סФָ־׼Ѫǣײֹʥʵͷ
Ϊ飬˶ФȻ𾴣˵ָʷ˲ʶĴָ֪Ǹ֮
ͣ
꿴ǰͻȻֵļ͢ʷ۵ãһƬհסͣʲôͣΪʲô֪ЩʷΪʲô
װ͹ˣӸǣֶŮôĹ㻹׼ʲôʱ򣿡
һϵźʷǰҡͷʧЦУһɫľġ
ɲ㣬͢йͣйطСôĹͣܲ͢͵ġ꣬׼ܷͰɡ
ƲͷһԱߺЦ壬ʲô϶ʱһһ졣
һֱΪʦģû뵽廹һݹҺ֮䣬һֱͼԶң׽ͬʱҵ̬ȡ
Ǵʱ˿̣ô೯͢ʷ棬ٴȣҲǲҵˡ
η
˱۾ͻȻһ̾ϢڲԸ⻹ǲԸ⣬Һ֮Ĺϵעںܶ˵б׽ޱȣ궼޷ı䡣
ƫƫ͵ݹͣһûа취ܾ
λˣɡ
곤̾ϢһվһߣóͨҸۡĴš


658 ·ϵ壡
ҵĸۡһƤ𪣬˿٣پľɫŮڷУһ̴ľױ̨ǰһͭ΢΢ͷһһԼͷ
̴Ѭ¯Ʈ㵭ŵĹ뷿УŮӵĿֱֱĿǰͭ˼ȴȫ
֪ôˡ
ͻȻĵһ̾Ŀ㱲ѡ
Ӽｫرڹ뷿н㵽ڣѾнӽµʱ䡣ʼܴŮõϢǺ󲮷֮Ůˡ
ڵٸղκϢ
겻ֻգһĶڷĽǣϷܡ
˼֮ڲòͷ
ٶҲҪִ󲮣ʵҲΪҿǣǿڳп죬ôܺԡ
һԱߴٵĸվٱԶĵطһĵ
ֻһһԼģī㷢Լ׵Ļȫδš
ڽʱ꼸ÿ춼߳ƪһʱٶٻȥһЩһΣȴȫȥ
ٶ㲻ҪţǼⰡ
ԼĻԽĵˡ
룬Ǹʲôõģֵ㶥ײ󲮣Ҷǣȥðôķգֵ𣿶ңڼôãпǸ壬Ϊʲô𣿡
ײضԣŮ֪ôҲһҵġ
ڴԼĸ׵
ٶ̫ɵˡȻûʲôãھʦʱˣʲôûмǸֻˡҵкüֻ֪֮һ˵Ͱˣﻹ㰡
ף
仰һеᵽһ룬һɫױ̨ϣʱȻֹ
ŵ˼ȻΪŮԸһųûʲôܲᶨ
Ҳڴѹܵٵķ絽˵ͣ赼
ˡ
ٷŭʱͻȻһ
˭ѽҲ˵û鲻Ҫ𣡣
ŭ
С㣬ӡ
ŮĻû˵꣬ٹ뷿Ĵصһͱ˴ƿӿһӰͦοΣ˽
٣ˣ
żŷڵ٣һ΢Ц
ˣ
һƬžŤͷŷſǵ緢ϤİĴɫӰģԺһƬհס
壡
ŵĿŶ壬Ȼ֮Լڻþ֮һ㡣
壡
һ̣û巴ӦͻȻһ˹ȥһ˽廳ˮ˲Ϣдж
㣬㡭
ȻûϵһĻһ̣оһϤĴſǻ
쵰쵰ҶΪˡ
ǺǣҲ˵һģôأ
ٵĻƬ̣ЦЦİοţ˫Ҳı˱١
û˵ֻǱ岻ͣĿ
֮սֻ˼ǧӶߣ޷˵ĳϵս˶ΪˣΪû˿սʤôӴ١
Ȼû˵ҲףһȥϼǾһΣϵϢϾٶΪ嶼Ѿ
ʲôҲ˵ʲôҲΨһģǾԼȥ壬ݾеԴԴϵϡ
ǰûԼΪһ˵ĵǣûʧ˵ǣҶǡ۹Ʈҡʱ򣬵˶ֵֻ֪̿ĵʱֻһȻģ޷˵ĳǸս֮С
ٵһʶ壬ҲһθܵǸʮ꣬ͦε̺һȡ¸ң͵ġ
֮սȻŮ߹廹ţһֱУӴϢûۿֻƾŮһϯܹţ
һ̣еĳԼǰϴ¶ȣٲ廹š
ĴǸһսŻˡ
񾲵ŵĹ뷿ֻʣٵ͵͵ıţʼմһ˿ܰЦݡ
Ŀˣסˡһ̣ѡ񰲰վһԡ
ʱʤ

ƳһƬϲ֮еʱʷĳֻƶңԶ򣬽ӽĵطһ̵ӿд
ϡٵɳĮشһֻɫջǰţĲλãֻɫţ쳹ɳĮĶ̵Ǵﴫġ
ǻжԶܵƣ
ձϣͻȻһȻݺҪתŮ
аǾ͸õˡ
ΪŮǣգձһŰɫɴ̬ᣬȴɫԹŮο
࣬ⶫе·ϣֻͶ˵ձϵİŮһǣỤ̊˵ȫԡ
ʵϣϸȥͻᷢӵŨŨ飬˵ĺɫǲ˰Ȼͷɫɢʣ˽Ȼͬ
ҲҪġȻǵĹңԶҲǲٵˡң˵Ƽ主Ĺȣ٣治ʲô⡣ֻҪ񣬹﷢Ҳͻǻȥˡ

ϣɫԹİɴŮĬĬĿǰһÿǰһеİԹͶһ֡
ңǸľôҪ𣿡
ĵ
֪﷢ȸжôӣǱ켼ơЩͿʯѾôˣټôĹȴûһܹȸ֡ܶຣͿʯֱӾͷϵˣʦҲԶԶȲǸȸֳֺ֣ȫûС
ǴʳԶƣôʦȻ첻һöȸ֣ڱ˵ȫɽܵģԹжôķŭ
Ȱ
ֻǳһ̾û˵
ȻΪʳǽʳܳȺ˵̷ڸûʵ鱦֮ݻӦﱼ˵İС
ֻа֪ʳĹκε۹Ĺǲһġ
Ȼ׹Ϊʳ﷢൱ڴʳĻʵۣϥµĹȴһ֮࣬Ҳֻ֮һˡӵôֵܽã֪жôĲӡ
Ҳɴע
֪Ǹ꣬Ǹʲôˣ
УаǵĴʳǰĬĬ񡣵һѾע޷ı䣬ͻȻֻ֪֮Ǹı˵꣬Ǹʲôˣ
̣
󣬰ɫǰУͶˣҲһȺʳʧڹٵ֮С


659 ̫¥
ҵլ֮ۡУ᷿ܼžһʮڴϱĿȻᣬ¶ȴ쳣ĳȡصľͬһɽһ㡣
̣
һƵİɫ̴ͷð䣬һƬ֡
ӷʹһֱڼĬĬѾܾûôˡ
ʱȥһƵϵĴ˷Ŀռ۹ӿ뵽ǿʵΪ
֪˶ãͻȻ֮䣬ˣͻһƵĺɫѪͻȻͷٻѨðİɫ֮С
ֻһɲǣеĻ֮ͻ䡣
ͣ
һѪָϸ㣬ͻȻ˳ЩѪܣͬһֲ֦һ㣬Ѹӵλãӵӡ
亹͸ŵɺѪɫѸٵĴӶͷӵĸطӳ鴤ţֳŤɫ

Ȼ۾һʹǰ㣬һֻƳǰĴϣžҵգ֮䣬ͿϵۿɼٶѸٵʪ͸滹ֳ߰ߵѪ
ȴһ仰û˵ûٶ෢һʹ
ﾲĵģѪ˿亹ǰ齻㼯ɼλһƬٱһ̲֪˶ãȵϵʹƽˣżѵ´齣һѵϵմѪۣߵĽ䣬һëһ׼õĽմˮȻԼĲ塣
ɡ
һͻȻ䣬ȴһɡҡҡͷܾһֻϸ۵Ů˵Ӻ̽˹нӹëȻ
Ƭ̣û˵ʲôŷеŮ塣
ëϵĽɫˮУһ豾ˮ˲ϢһƬѪɫ
⵽ʲôҼǵȥ֮ǰûгΪֲ֢ʱ䣬Ѿǵηˡ׷ʲô
欣һҹ´磬һ߲ߣһ߹ĵ
ǰϣҸۡڣҵİӰˣûжù
ǺǣûбҪ֪ңҲﲻҡ
嵭
˵𣿡
еëͣһ£Ȼּ
Ϸ֪ģ
֪ͿˣͲҪĸ֪ˡ
嵭
֮սսҵʱһնɱ˹Ķ֣סߡһУûд۵ġ
ֻһУ˭û˵
ˣ
ڳ˼ʱ򣬶ͻȻһ˵
ӣѾ׼ˡȥ̫¥ʱԳˡ
š֪ˡ
˵ͷ
ë·账һ£Ҫκ֪رĸף
ǣ

˵Ǿ䣬򿪴ȥһͣſڣһ·̫¥ȥ
̫¥ԼһҾ¥¥ֺսܳĳӡƾס̫ƽʡ̫¥ٲȻѾ˾ʦе¹
ټ½µķṦΰڵ̫¥Ȼ˾ʦ֮ŵĵط֮һ̫׾ƣˡ仰ھʦ㣬Ҳ̫¥оеӣ̴֣ۻӦľѵضΡ
ھʦҦҵĹ¥Ϊأÿ»ԼҴ˵룬Ҳ忪֮벻ġ
ΪԼľ¥ȻͱĵطкܴĲͬ
Ĳǣ̫¥㣬ֻõġֻҪҪ̫¥ʱԹлֻͣһá
ˣ̫¥ûø֮͡Ϊ屾̫¥Ŀ㣬˶ҪһλϵĴӢۣƵ۹ʷġ٣꣡
¡¡
ոʻ̫¥һʯˮУʱ̫¥ۼȺȻ󲨡
쿴
ۣ
ÿÿҿѾˣ
˵ֻʮ꣬һûлȢϣ˵Ҿܼң˫˫ɣ
㶼ʮˣ󣬴壬壬쿴쿴

̫¥ĴǰȺһȺŮ׽ΧסˮйͨȺ棬δ޵Ůࡣ
ֻʮ֮꣬ңǵ۹ӢۣǲĽǣȻûгƽڵ۶ﶼΪ۹ġڰ˴󽫡
꣬ûлȢǵ۾Ůеˡ
ÿεдŮ֡
屻ƵڸҲһҪԭ
ӣǶˡ
⴫ϵŮ̫ʮŮֱץסΣǰ档
֪ˡ
΢΢üгķգԼһ취ûС
ֻôˡ
һģ飬򿪣һӰӳдһģͬһֻһ㣬˵ľУҡϣһ̫¥㡣
ôƵʥ׷ȻҪ공ȥЦ
һЦӲԶԺӧԼǸ˱־ԵĺӧǹһľӣЦ⡣
ߣ˭ôŮӻӭã
һζӲԶܷһϮƵǰѱ־Եɫ󽣣Ŀǲơ
дΪΣʱǱŮ˺üЦ
ӧܷǾͱҿЦˡ
Ц
ˣܿǰñԱҲһˡǾͱΪˡɣҶˣֻһˡ
Զ̫¥㣬һŴ̴ľԲӷţΧ飬Ӱ⡢־塢ׯƽΤ˼Ծ䡢ǬӢ򡢰˼⣬٣ȫۼһ
˼һſ̫ʦϣ泯壬ЦЦ
ʱ򣬾¥ˣȫŤͷȥװ裬װ˼һȫǵװûп
˼⣬Ժӧܷټ٣˺֮Щ˵㺡ʱɵӲŻѡͽȥ
ĸʦкպĴŮŮ˭ܵ˵ġĳЩʱ˵Щͬ
λõˡ
˿һЦЦЦƬ̣һҲ̹ȻˡʩʩȻ߹ȥڹ⡢־֮䣬󷽵
ѡλãŮйâһնʱࡣ

ߵĹͲ־尵ݹȥһ͵ɫ
֣ټô˹ʲô𣿡
ǷӢڣƼž
ȫڽϣյ룬ϵ̫¥ȻʼΪǼ򵥵ľۻᣬǿͲ־Ҳ֪ô򵥡
еķʸֻһΣսѾ˭Ҳ֪׼ʲô


660 µļƻ
λʵټҹȷʵ󡣡
һƬƬ⣬ŽϸϸĽ£һߴݲȵ
仰۾һһȻϵɫˣûκѵ˼ĿΪڴ
֮սвսļ壬Ԯºȫܵ˳͢ĴͣرЩɳеĸ֣ڸϵңܵķͣΪ
һ˵õȮ졣
ڵľʦӰѾӴ󵽲˼ĳ̶ȣеҶҪΪ֪һо޴档
ֻҪǸһԸӦļض
̫¥ˣΪں彨Ĺϵ磬ٲȻѾΪΧĵȦӣΪ˲֪ĽʵĶ
֣˵ɣҪʲôǳؼһ뾡취ȥҵҪĶ
廰䣬Τ˼վԥ
ļ֪ǳؼΪǳսУ嶦ֵ֧Եʣܵ˴ֱ͡ӽһԳؼ˼ĳ
Ҫ֪磬ԭֻǸ߼ξһΣΪĹϵֱӽ佫
߼ξ佫͵أʵĲ
ݣ
Ҳû˵׼õļֽе˳ȥֱ䵽ǰ
Ŷ
׼ЩֽдΪ棬˼ԺӧҲʱŹ壬עеǰСֽƬϡ
ʯң
˼⿴СֽƬϵ֣дΪȡΪǰæʲôҪ飬û뵽Ȼֶ
ճ
ͬһʱ䣬ׯƽҲǰСֽƬɫȰ˼⻹Ҫ㵡
ֶմɵھӦõǰ
ҪôͨĶʲô
ҽճҲòŴĵׯæɡ
֪Ǻ֣ȷʵҪҪǣʯһճҪܴ󡣡
ƺ֪еɻ΢ЦĿˣ
ܴǶ٣
Ժӧһüͷ
жҪ١ٵǾʦЩԶԶ㲻˵ġ

ˡ
Ļ˶һ𣬾Ͳ־嶼ƤʦʯҺճж٣Ͳ־嶼֪
һ㣬ǸӴó
ΪƵľʦԴǹھ£Ȼ˵ԶԶãֱ˵
ʲôļƻҪôʯҺճҵΪֹ˶֪ҪôĲʲô
⣬ʯҺճʲô
ǺǣʱǾ֪ˡ
΢Ц
ϴݣƽķͣ⻹д鱦ʹڿԿʼԼһƻ
ʯҺճƻУҪ
Լҡ׼ҡؼҡׯҡЩǾеĴң壬ھʦ֮оӪʮ꣬ӵӴԴ
Ҳ彫˼⡢Ժӧ⡢־ټҪԭ
һֻ;йصĿûеѪӰҲûŨҵ̣Ƕ˵Ŀ岻֮սڴ˵ҪҪԶʤڴˡ
ֻڣԼ֮⣬û֪ʲô
ˣ塭
־һ£ͻȻڵ
οչµļƻĻҪԴͽǮɲǲҲ
ⷬ־˵ĺǳɣķӦȴԤϡ
Ȼԡ
Ц
֮սЧʼ֣̲ԷҶʼĶҪһһݹ͡
ǡǡҪģҪչƻҪĲԼһ˿Գеġ
һΪ岻Ըǹͣʵǡǡ෴ҪһҲ뵽Լļƻ֮С
֣֣λ˭Ҫ嶼߲ܣơȻ޷֤ڸ˵ܵõٵĹ͡
΢Ц
˶һ仰˵Ѿ㹻ˡ

̫¥һ·ȥ
ͣ
Լǧ׺һïܵԣͣ飬Ŵ򿪣һӰƺ֪ͣ˽
ү
Ӱһ
Ǻǣؿǽɣ
ָŶλһ΢Цŵ
Ҿ͹ˡ
֮ҾҾ֣Ҳλʨӳǣϵһս֮һֱߡ
ܹɹ֮ǹûߣҲĵĳԱ֮һ
ʲô£ͷԹ
΢Цŵ
յ֮ţϵ档
ʵҲûʲô£Уڹǰ顣
֮Ц
ö㣬ӿ湻ģ˵ɣŻ³ĸңĸܹ˵ģ
ʧЦ
֮Ͻ̵ӣͻȻ飬⻹Ǵδйһݵ¡˵ҲѲ¡
֮ľʦֽʹƽܺϵĳЩˮҲֻŻ³ʦˡ
ٺ٣죬ȷʵǾǵĻƼңġ
֮
ΪǼ𣿡
ɫͻȻñࡣ
ǣ
֮˵ͷɫҲࡣ֮ս廹ûгŻ³ĴңԼеĽ¥̣˴սе
սؼʱȴ˴սеĽȱͳھǻƼϡ
Ƕսеûɡ
µĽսҵʱû㹻ģ󱸵ĸǽ䡣
֪֪֮вμսĹ֪
϶ʧˣˣҲûʲôƫƫŻˡһʤһ
ǻƼˣԲ˺ϵ֮顣
ߣǻ˵
һƬ˪
ӣʵҲֲǣƼҵҲǹǷھǾӪ꣬ӣôԶšƼҲԼĿԡ
֮
ʲôԣĴңһϵսˡ
Ц
ǽļƻмҪһûЩ̵ĸǽƾɽ͵ƣֵסĳ
ڻƼ˵ǻֻһЩǮԼǶڰ϶˵ȴʮʿ
Ҳǳԭ
ԵﾩҶȥݷˣΨƼûȥġ
ƼȻҲǸоʲôԲǰһĻ
Ҳȥ˽ԵƼҲ鿴ƼҵҲǲԸк͹ӵԼǸʱѾˡ
֮̾һ


661 ɱ
Ŷ
йâһ¶һ˿ɫ
ʲô˼
ȻڻƼЩǶ֮廹Ǽŵġ
ϸ룬һ֣ᷢƼʵ൱һָǽֻȵео꣬ƼȥϹ򣬲ŷеĿʯѾȫûˡ
֮
ôܣ
Ҳͷ֮Ļ
Ƶ۹˷еĵطʦԴԴϵعӦʯڹȥļ꣬һֱǹϵľʯûжϹôֵƼҵʱͶˣ
һĲš֮ǻƼҵںŷھô꣬ǰ˵͸ҵӵ˻һ𣬶ھǵ״ǶЩ˽⡣
Ƽҵ˵վסţ˵ǻˣҲǡ
ȷʵܣǶʱ䷢һ飬еЩʳˣ֪ΪʲôͻȻһ̬顢֮󣬲ȥЩ˿񡢲ҶմɣȥʯƼҵʱΪǵĽ룬ŵûʯ;á
ˣ
֮Ļδ䣬һ͵̧ͷ𾪵Ŷ档
ո˵ʲôʳˣ
幫ӣôˣ
֮һ˲֮ǰ֮ս֮ûϼɫ
˵ʳھʦչͿʯ
ȴû֮Ļֱ͵ץסֱ֮ۡڿ֮ɻĵͷ֮Ժ˵һ͵ըˡ

һƬžȴһƬκˡ
صսʮ׼
ʯǺսϢϢأʳչʯֻ˵һ飬ʳ׼һµս
ֵôʳսĶ󡭡
ļУڴʳ۹ڵļ֮أĴƵ۹ֹͣŵĽŲڱصʱǸңԶģʳĵ۹Ѿ˶ܱ
֧ķ
ĴƶԴʳ˵ӡͣڣ
úͺ˲ֻϡʯգҼСگ͸߾ʱȴ֪Ǹ۹ѾҪẒ́ӭ۷ʱ
һӵ2800˿ڣ1260ƽȴƶҪӴĵ۹ʱܹĴ۹ʵֻ
һǡơһǴʳ
ֻʱһ۹϶ԷĴڡ
ʳ۹ҪսֻһǾǶĴƣ
ӣӡ
һ󽹼Զһ˪ĲϵףҲб
֮ǰ壬ǵǡո̸Ƽҵ飬дʳ˵£֪Ϊʲôһһ˵ʲôҲ
û¡
ҡҡͷع
Ƽҵ֪ˣǣϵˣֻҪԼԼɣҿԵʲôûз´ΣһĲǡ
ҽʱյĵλӰ죬»ƼǾеңĴУҲȻ׵߽⣬ҷ
ֻһв
һһ
仰֮ϲ
ô©ĵӣҲԲٷ
ľʦ֮䣬ȻϵңǻƼΪӴ֮һżҪáԺЩʲôƼһܷӾ޴á
Ҳ֮ԸΪƼԭ
ֻо߱ĸ켼ܹ쵶ԼŻ³Ĵңɲֻֻ쵶ѡ
֮ܿ򿪳뿪ˡ
ȴþ޷ƽ
⣬ʦһƬʣƣȴӿŵһɽδսϢ
˹֮ս
ʯ䣬Ժһͷƺʹʳĵ۹֮һΣҲһս
ļƻУҲŤתұʤһս
ˣ
ʱȥ֪˶ãڵһ˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬һĸоӿû˿ףһǿҵΣͻȻ֮ӿڶʱѸŨҵͷƤ鷢ըĵز
һɲǣƤ
飡
룬ʯ䣬ͻȻڣ˳ȥڷɳȥͬʱһģһɻ˳͸ǰԯϵͬ
¡
ɳȥͬʱ¡һͻȻһ죬䣬ͬʱд󾪺ΧȺһƬ֣߰׷ȥ
ʮ⣬Ȼعͷĳ˲ɫѿޱȡ
ֻ󣬵ݣݵĵ룬ʱͭѾķѣԯܡɢһط
ЩķѵƬ룬һɽͭ巴Ӧ죬ͺǼһǴͭҳࡣ
⣬ͭӵǴģ
ڵϣѪиľ֡һ鳵ԴƬĴȣѪעȴȫо弰ʱĽɣھͺǰǼһͬѹƬˡ
ߣߡ
̣̣Һ£

ΧһƬң˱ͻȻıŵڵϣһЩСŮʧţͷ߰׵ϸ˸ŵɫ԰ס
˶ƬˣѪ߰ߵ㡣˻Ǳˡ
ӣ
忴Ĵӣɫ࣬ɫѿޱȡ
һǧǰʱΪ˶ԸʱʼʵۣڹŲʹִɱ취û뵽ȻҲͬİ취ԸԼ
ˣ
ĿɨһȦܿա˲һȷͭǴģһǺܸߵĵط̧ͷпյģʲôûС
ͭӵǴġ
ˣɨɾЩ˵ȥܾΡ
ǣӡ
һ䣬һӰΧصĵط˳ЩҵĻһڿޱȣ岻Ը⣬Ĵبø֡СҲͬ⡣

Сôˣ

ҵĻոմΧ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ھ֮ɵɲǣ¡ĵطһʯǽȻѣǽ棬һž޴׵Ӱ̤һȦѤõľ⻷͵ĳ˳
ߴ߶Σ
޺зһĪĺδ䣬һ¡һֺĵͬƥһƿն˲Ϣȫ
룬ͬˮһ㣬ֳʮɸߵԿպۡ

ΧһƬУЩڰһҲɫһף˵ĸоУ׾޺ϵϢޱȣͺһ񱩵ľһ㣬ʱҪڳû


662 ɱ
侳ǽӽ侳ĸ֣
Ժһͷֻҵּͨܺĸȡ
ˣ
һ̣𺧵ĿУһָֻһָסǵֺƵĿµ
䣬һҵĽָ𣬽ǵķѡͬʱһ˦˻ûô£ϵȸֳؿռ䣬һ޺ϺĿף࣬Ӻ󱳴
ϣ
׾޺ϥһصĹڵϣѤõľ⻷Ҳ˲Ϩʧ޺Բ۾ĿŲԶ壬ƺƴȫһͱ׵ˡ

Цһһ˹ȥ֮սʵǣ׾ͻ˻侳հͶնɱοּĶ֡
ҵԽԽãԶʤĲųµһôͨĵɱȡ
ݣݣ
ոͻȻƤֵľͷһ̶ХͻȻУڵĳ˸ɫĹâƷηոճ֣Ѿš
ˣ΢΢һ࣬ͺһ㣬Ժ֮飬·ߵһðϻըɷ顣
׵㶾һΣͬһһʧٳʱѾɿ⡣
䣡
һ෴ķԭվĵطӹֻƬ̣󷽵һǽ̳
ȻһлԶûн
ɱ
һź˷Ϯ֮˷һӰͻȻ˺ϵαװХˡˡ˹ˡʳˣ˶СЩ˸岻֪ãֱʱͻȻϮ
ͣȺХһ°Ĵʳ䵶Щһ߶䵶桢ȫУֻžƵĵǿġ
ʵϣҲǵշ䵶ΨһԽĵط
ʳ䵶֮󣬽žĵХĺˡˡ˹ˡʳˣһ㣬ķ׺ɱһȦһȦĹ⻷ǵĽ½һһʱ佫ŵΧ룬ежռ·
Щˡˡ˹ˡʳˡ֮ǰĸģһ̣һȫҪ֮γһּ˵Ĭ
Ǿɱ塣
ˣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ۿ䵶ͿҪԼֻ΢΢һЦ񵭰ͺЩ˸һ㡣
飬һ̤һ͸ŵѪɫͻȻ͸ͬһȫﬣе䵶ײ־ͺײһͭǽһȫ赲
λĲλ
ɨһΧӹһĨĹâ
ЩĵӦ֪ڵȣѰͨߣ߼򵥵Ŀȡʤġ
ȻЩ˽ֻǵ鵽ıˣȴ֪Ϊͬˡ
ҵ
ûж֣ʯ촽һţֻ³һ֡
¡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ھ벻Զһ¥Уһߴǿ׳·ɽһӰ͵ĴӶ¥һ泤ޱȣͳ˵ȸߵ󽣿Ŀ
¡
һĲƣû˿ҵôνģһ̣һɣƥĽƿնһ˺գ󷽵İݿ˲ϢһΪնϡ
ƲЪֱӽֵʯȫѣһʮɳĽۡ
ܣɱ
һ뺷ĺͻһܵĺȻܲˣٳȥ
һ̣һխխСذѸٵĻӣͬʱҲ˵Ĳۣݿһգۼ·ոĵݰ㣬Բ۾׷׵ȥ
үû°ɣ
һ࣬ҵջ˾޽첽ӭǰȥ
û¡ԵĻŻ⡣
嵭ջеһխխȸذףרԼһذԭĹֻϰģԸЩҲǴ´ˡ
ϣ
ץסԱǱ߹ڵһĿ׾޺ĿڵȸֳһΣ˳ͬʱһ£εͷϵĿס
Ȼͻˣ
һɫ
ֹͻˣи߾ˡʳˡ˹˺ˣ˶Уүϴʤ޺ͻأ˶Ϊжˡ
ҵ
ɶڽϿֻһˣʵЩŶںšôһѾӰ˷ط˳¥ջԶӰ
ʱյĵλѾͨӵŽȻĲͬ
Ѿʲôӵܡġ
ͷξͲ֪ﰵж˶ֽڹʲô⣬˭Ҳ
ǺǣǱȻ顣
˰֣˿ĲΪ⡣ϵѪôܻ顣
ˣǺ˵ôҺү
²ңб𣬹һǱԷ͵Щߵ˶غүǸӲŷ
ҵͷһ
εҡҡͷҵԸˣӲþʯͷһֻҪ׼һô˭˵ûˡ
֪˵Ҳûãɡ
˵ŤͷһＸϤӰҴҵظ˹ϵķΣһ˳Щ񲿺ͺµˡ
үǸˣôˣûˣ
үˡһǿѲ飬ԲٴηЩ쵰̫󣡹컯գǬھʦҲ

Ŵ۵񲿺ͺµĹԱݺݵŵЩ̿͵ʬ壬͵͵ѡ
ǰһȴͷ͵ģͲ̧ͷһۣӱ¶š
ǹ컯գиʲộʥڳˣ˭óԲ˶ߡ
ҵǽһ£һ£ˡ
忴ûпһۣ˵仰̧Ⱦߡ
񲿺ͺµˣĹϵҲ֮У͸ĵطɲѵӪԼǰǳʹ䣬º񲿶Լ顣
һһԼǼ֮ڵԼֻ񲿺ͺ¶ҪԼϢˡ
ͺү
ҵһ񣬺ܿعͷ崦顣ôˣҪиģҵĿ¡˶ѾϹˡ

ʧˣСӵĸ֪ǳѾǵڶʧˡ
ǰҪɱ˴ûлڶġˣҲɵˣǵֶζȫûá
ȥǵľҪ޼ƿʩˡƫƫǻ˷֣֪ǵĴڣ˵һɵľǡ

ھϮԼǧ׵ĵط˾ۼھ¥ĽǵĽµʬ壬СѾߡƹ񡢻е˵ʳ͡˶ɵѪ


663 ټ
ŨҵѪζ˶糣ͺʲôûзһ
һԾѣΪЩ˵װɢϢ͵ڽ׷ɱǵһģһ
˭Ҳû뵽Ǵһ·׷ٵʦ
½ˡ
Զ˲һʬϣԼմѪĳͻȻڵ
һɲǣ¥һƬţƮһɿ־ζ
ôǲԸ⣿ˣҪʧܣͳͳ
˳ĬͻȻЦ
ǡ½ɱ̫أҪֵ̫ǵûʹеλע⣬˿¶·һ
ھƵһ˲
ƵľʦųΣյĵطΪ̫ŵǿĴڣƵӱ¡
仰ҲʱĬˣ͸ɵɫ
ߣģֻһЩСϺ׶ѣĴڣôܿǣΪʵۣѲΪĻᶪ³£ܹԸǼС
ⷬ˵˵ģǵ˵Լġ
ҲҲͰ½ųȥֻҪɱСӣǾǴһʱ򾡿뿪ǲˡǸòΪǻбѡɣ
˵ԽԽᶨ
˵İɡ
йâ仯Ĭ֮ڵ˵ͷ
½һСӱɣһǾ͵þ뿪
һ䣬¥･ƽһϢ

ֵϵĴɱ˵ֻһССĲ鲨һ£
һתһ·ֱӳŹŶȥ
ȥΡ
Լƣһ·ͨ裬ζȥϣһצӡǣжһݵģҲʥʸرĶ͡
˺ԼĳЩضĵطƾƣڴʹﳩͨ衣
ǹѺĵطѺε˺ֻܹʥΣξ̫ˡ
Ķþ͹
ү룡
ȻǼμ壬ɫȴ˺ܶľη˵ʱͷ۾ŵ棬Ҵ
һʱһʱЩʹεĻ׹ηޱȡ
ѾһνˣżεĻ΢΢˵ͷ崩εĴţ·Ŵε
һƬţΧһǿҵģ˲Ϣͺ̤һΣյڤһ
ˣȴһĸоûУǡǡ෴гһȵͺصһɽһ
һεʱȣһǽȻͬġ
硣
еηǸͷɢԼӰһ˿ɫ
ֲͷųǲģԸоõϵĿѪ֢ԽԽˡ
ηﾲĵģֳηʲôҲûС
ȥˣ
֪˶ãͻȻڵһƬĮκε
ǡ
˵ͷ¶һ˿΢Ц
û֪ٱѺҵ飬˵ģĶøһСС
֮սٰŵĵڶʳеֻͱ뾡취Ѻأǰ䣬ȫֹģ谡
ǴƵ׹УܶǾԲԳȥģ谲һӣƣԵƣ塣
Ƕ˵ȴ̫Ӱ죬ٲܵʷĵҪʲô⣬Ʋøɸɾ
ʱ⻼ͬʱܵѹûа취ڶݡе֧ţսİ϶˵ּҪ
谺ǿڹϵʱ
Ȼ谿¶û뵽ʱ뿪ãһӵͷ
һսĽ谱ˣһɲǿҪɱʱͻȻ˹ߴЩˣȴѪ֢ɱʬء
ʦ֮УһıôճôɱһͨΡǵõʥŵģǶ٣þûа취ˡ
ϾڲԼ飬Ҳò֣ܲܿѪ֢һͨҵҲɱ⡣
һս֮һŸַ֮С
Ҳ˳ɹʷĵʳǽأ֮У˵֮òȻŭҲ˿ûа취
ֻܰô࣬ȻһжѾˣͲӦﲻĵط
õȻ壬û˿Ĳ
ҵĶ磬һˣΪʲôҲ
ƽ
˵ЩҰ㣬ҲֻһΣҲÿζ㡣⣬뿪֮һҲκˣԡˣ
õĮޱȣ͸һŨŨ͵ζ
忴ǵϤıӰһʹ͵س鴤һ¡Ķ磬Сأеʹȫһ˳е
Ϊһжһ˽Ѿ˱仯
磬֪ʲôЩ飬ܽġѾ˱仯ӱǽκġ
忴ȫͷɢĶ磬һ˿𾴣һ˿ͬʹࡣ
飡
һ̣һ̤βһɰѪɫͻȻڱﱾѾȵ¶ȣʱٴΰθһ㡣
ʣԭ˵ĸоĶţݣʱͻȻ·һһ㣬˵ϢꡢŰѪɱ¾ζ
ϸ۲ͻ֣ᷢڵõϢȻ߷ֵơ
ⲻܣ
͵תͷ˫۴ţ沼Ѫ˿ŵĿͬޱȵ塣
ô飬һӵֻһ˵ÿѪ֢Ϊֻһ˾㹻ˣΪʲôҲпѪ֢
ֱ۴ֵ񶯣죬âһ˲դߣ԰׵ֱֻ۴դķ϶̽˳ץ壬Ǿ廹ߣȻһ͡
αΪ˷ֹõĿѪֻ֢ҪվڹϣͲˡ
Ǵ˿̵ȴȻĶͷ·ܵ˾޴ĳ
Ѫ֢һ֮оȻˣΪʲôΪʲô
˵˫ֱͷͷҵͷǷ趯
ӦõģҲţҲţ
һɲǣȻͷԲ۾һʹ˻ζ˻УĲ
û˵ŶʹӣҲӹһĨͬɫ
Ѫ֢ұ䣬ҲǶԿĸԴӵһηԼпѪ֢ʼͿʼԶҡ
ΪʥʣԼصյ
֪ʲôԼ˵еλһ㣬Լߵɱ⡣ܣҲ
֪ԼôֹڱͬڰһֱյһĻˡ
岻ܿȥ


664 ½ᣡһ
ңѾˣʱԽҪԼˣԶõİ
Ҫ֪Щϼ縺ĿѪ֢ҪҪ
磬ƭԼˣ֪ģѪ֢Ѫ֢֮иӦġҸսʦʱʵѾ֪ˣΪʲôܶʹԭ򡣡
̾ϢһЩ˼ùܲ³˼ȴû˿ĵ⣬ĳſɬ
Ƕ磬Щӱûõġ
һ˵ţһ߱Źǽڣ۶ýȥЩ嶼ǱҪ˵ģҪٳһΡ
ûƺȫԼ磬ʲôû֪Լ˵ÿһ֣һȥˡ
ΪֵܣԼĶ硣
һӦ㣬һҰ㡣
֪ҷˣһǱ׷ڴƵʷϣʥרõӦǶһݵġ
ԹԵ˵ţ¶һ˿Цݡ
⣬׺ʹҲõ˷ͣλߣԺھһᲽƽơԺȻǷޣ죬ҲǰԸҡ
ȻǾĵģֻһ˵ǲ֪ʲôʱһֱʹɪɪĴҲƽ
ȻûκεĻӦѾû֮ǰôˣƽࡣ
ֻҪ˵Ȼ
֪ڵľ˶Ľ޷⣬Ƕ֪Һ͸ףд磬βϵԪɽϣҲز
˵ţŤͷһۼĶãװһ£ЦЦ
֪ʲô֪㲻ΪѪ֢ʱ˺ǡ֪𣬾Լڻʹ棬Ҳ˿ı䲻ʲô
Һʹ绹иעҪɻΨһĲֻǲɱġǶ˵𣿡
ϡ׷ʲô
ͻȻһ𣬴ĻȻɱ壬ȴ֮һ
ȻһЦҲûͽ֮սϸϸ˵һ顣ΪҵӵܣҲӦȨ֪Щ
֮սӳһζ̱ӣٵսһۣⳡǣ˵ս֮սҪߣ;ߵ˵£Ҫκ˶ҪϸĶ࣬ҲҪĶǵĶࡣ
ֻ˷һ棬ƽı£ӿİͲҪԶȾҵö࣬ҲҪյĶࡣ
˵ĺܶܶ࣬ǹ꾡ּƶ޼
һ࣬û˵Ҳûκεı鶯֪һñκ˶Ҫϸ
磬ƥǽ֮ңеű˸ΡǶȥľ۹ʲôϣԣ
֮£ѣεĵ۹ΣҲˣѾǰǸƣެҲǰެ
Ѿ仯ˣƽı£ǰӿϣԲǵһΣһΣһܹҴһأһأܱеķأ
Ǹʱǻô𣿡
磬һ˵̫ˣЩ飬ȥıһЩЩһܹԳеġ
ϣЩǱȿѪ֢Ҫġ
磬Ҫİ
˵仰̾ϢһӵվܶܲȥЩ˵Ѿ˵ˡ
ͲԾˡ
磬ЩȿѪ֢ҪġѪֻ֢ϵ䣬ģҪľˡ
˵뿪ˡ
˳ţĬĬһ˶һԲ˭Ҳ֪Щʲô

ҹʦһƬֻ¸򣬺ͽϳԼѲߵҵĸۡϣɫĵ㣬ͬյǻһ㡣
ҸۡĽǣ˭Ҳûע⵽һ磬ͻȻҸۡΧһݼϡ
ˣ
ٻ½ˣ
סҪҵܡ⣬͸ˣɱҪǰ£

һȺ˷׷עҸۡһƬžϴһԵԽ͡
ҹɫʱңŮ˶Ѿĳ˯УǶѾˣµļǵѲ߻ҲѾв
ֵõĻᡣ
ˣ
һȺҸۡΧϣʮָѸٵı仯һķӡһ̣ո£ֻһɫĹͻȻһӵһϡգ֮䣬һεĹסҵĸۡ
ˣҹɫ˭Ҳûע⵽һεľ޴֣ޱȣͻȻҵĽǣҸۡ֡
ڲϿҵϿգͻȻڰ࣬ʱȴûκ˲
ҹɫһεģգɢԽԽ˲
꣡
Ҷǵһ̨ͤͻȻѣһɾ޴ͻȻӵ´
˭
ʲô

󣬼ҵĻѸٴΧԾȻû˷Ӧ顢飬֧˴ȴϸĸ첲ӲͻȻӵһץס˵Ľס

һĲҽϵڵ˲ȼҵĻ˵۾ͣͬʱӿ
ֻգۼ䣬ҵĻͱճ˽̿ɳǧĺɫɢڿС
¡¡ѿִֻģһĸ첲һ̨֣ͤĵ棬ˮ˰㳹׷ֿ

һҰް˻ӵص״ֻһŹֵģͬһӰӵصӴޱȣ첲ͬ˵Ĵȣͬ޴ʯӣվ߰˸ߣȻͨҵҪ߳ࡣ
ɱ
˻һĻ±һɺް㱩Ű׺ݵϢ䣬ֻһȭȭͷûа̨ͤķѣһεķ顣
ЩľʵƬͷ·ʲôȼһܵȼ֮ߡ
ɱɱˣ
˻ţ۾ðź⣬ﲻϵظͬһ仰һǿҵɱʵʣΧնŤ
飡飡
˵ĿɨһȦܿ׼Զһŵƻ鷿߹ȥҹɫУǼ鷿رĿھ˵һָʾĵ
߳
ʲôˣȻҰ
ڰУͻȻһŮӵ߳ȣ˲Զһ¥ϣâһһСӰҹ£ֻֻ۾¶棬ͻȻͷ½ϣӲԶݼϷ˹


665 ½ᣨ
ٶȼ죬ң췢ֵ״ģҲֵġ˳˯ʱ򣬹尲ŵϵĵһ֡
ϣ
ûκε⣬ͷ½ϣеĳھ˵ؿڣȻ䣬ֻһ̶ĽеĳȻȫ̲ȥ
ôܣ
һʧɫ˲ʧȥƽеĳƲۣʵصΪȸëϷޱȡ
֮£ܹסĶ޼˹˳µİףȸǰ˵ˡ
˾ȻԿԼȸֽǹ붼ûģֱ˼顣
𣡡
һסˣȴûסâһһֻɳȭƻʵ죬͵һȭŹ˹ȥ

ҽһ˴Ǿһȭҷɣ¡һʮһݶͬƬһȥ֪
𣬾һȭҷɹ㣬ûԶǼŵƻ鷿ɱȥ
д̿ͣ
ҶʱһƬңôĶˣڳ˷طǸعȥ

ֻһȭʱ˲ҽŷ׷׷˳ȥ˻ڿоͱһɫĻ棬˴·ճɻҷɣɢڿС
䣬ܶжҲǵʵжߣȫ绢Ⱥһ㣬һȭɷ飬ȼճɻҽ
еһܶ٣ھ˵ǰͬһ㣬ûκһ֮С
Ҹۡӣеĵ¥̨ˮ鿡ȣȫȼաߴľ˾ͬһһ֮еһжɻҽ
ס֣
ۿǾ˾Ҫҳ״ݻ٣лȫɱ⣬ҳסĵطֱߴȥͻȻ֮䣬һбɲﴫ
¡˵ʱʱ죬ھ˿ҪΧɲǣһߴӰźؼף;ҵײһ

鷿һյƻţڵһӻʹĸ֮һֱ鷿
صʦ֮󲿷ʱ䶼ôȹġ
һע̫һ

һĲҽͻȻ洫忪ʼʱû⣬ΪڵȻƲ̶ѨҲǸƣѰ˿Դýġ
οй㡢ҵڰѲء
ǽ͸оˣĲҽû˿ļԽԽңͬʱһľ졣
ǳͻļ
ô£ʦصأӽ£ô˿Դ
üͷһ壬شӵվһƿţ鷿˳ȥĳѾ׼ǿһĻȻ̲סкݺݵһ¡
ҵĸۡȻȲôûʣϾҲǽңɷǷˮ¥̨԰ˮӦоС
Ȼ߳鷿ǰһѾȫƬ¥̨԰ˮȫ˴ݻ٣Ϊƽء
ЩĲкϣȼաĿɢ˺һڻҡЩڻҵ룬һߴ߰ˣͬʯһ׳ҵķкϡ
Ķ棬ͨҵҵսһ
Ȼûп֮ǰս̣ŵѪյζ˲ɫ
⵽ʲô
ٵĸ֣غͶθȫûκһǰǸһָо
һΪ˻ڵɱ¾оκεֻŨŨɱ¾ͻ
ϣ
û˿ԥһ飬˲ϵĽгԼȸֳ¡һ̤˶ʱͬһڵա

ڰһת˲ʩչԼǿⱾһʹóǹʽи˿ʹκαʽͬʱԭ
䣬âһ˽һͬһ㣬ݺݵײھ˵ͷеȸֳǲƫеĲͷٻѨλá
ֽʵһϷӳǿɲǼ䣬ֻһ¡죬ضҡ߰˵ľ˽¿ѣȶ˵¡
ôᡭ
ͫһһƬȻʱ򣬶ͻȻҵ
ӣСģ
廹ûӦͿһֻɰȭͷ̺ŻصѸٵСԼݺݵ˹
飡
û˿ԥ͵һȭ;˫ȭཻҵײһ𡣺䣬һɽ˲ϯһһ˵Ȼȫֵס˱ɳȥ
һɫĻ;ȼ
⵽ʲô
һը˲佫ǹɫĻϨ𣬵ڵҲ˲١
СģǳΣգڵǵʵͻֱӱճɻҽЩôġ
ҵһ˹ˣ˵ԡע⵽ȭһƬڣȻҲǺԼһҲǱǸ˵Ĺϻˡ
ĻϵĺɫƬǵȸֽȻȫ˲
ҵżŶľˣ¶𾪡ƾ˵ΪԼһȸҵ֪նɱ˶Ķ֣ǴûһǰĹһҵе˵ĿºΣա
һƾͿԵֵȸֽĹϣͲӦôڡ
û˵ĿضŶ棬֮ǰûע⣬ҵĻϸȥǸ˵棬ȻϸϸܵĺɫƬ
еģ
ƤǰѾķ롣ҵѾߴˣǰҵҪ߳࣬ľˡ
棬ЩԵֵȸֽĺɫϸۣҲǲġ
ļУûмֹǰǽ
ɱҪɱǣ
ҵȻͣǾ˲ûУĿһת֮ܿǰֵҵתƵԱߵϣĿѪ㡣
䣡
âһһɫĻͻȻݺݵǰҵ
ߣ
ϻأһ춯صıըʯɫ꣬˷Ծ˵ͻȻϮҵһһңѸٶ㿪
СԼˣ
½ѾĿ꣬Сˡ
û˿Եס½ģǼһҵǹ룬ϵɫ棬ͿԽǷٳɻҽ
עڻڿʼҪκ˿ҲҪκ˷֡½սʱԽãϵʱԽԽŭսҲԽǿֻҪעβͿˡ
ɵĿ꣬뿪

ҵĽǣһݶϣ˸⡣½֣ɱһˣͣ֡
ˣ
ֻҪά󷨾ͿˡڰУҸۡϿյĺɫ֣ԽеĹâսȫ档


666 ½ᣨ
䣡䣡䣡
̳䣬ҵĸۡڣ½һͷεľޣ׷ɱ塣ӴĲ˼飬еĶǸǽûκζܹ赲һĽŲ
Сģ
ҵ˫սŵ˼㣬ͷ޾Ͱеעеϡ
ӵ׷ɱ
֮Ƭ߲棡
ҵҸ£󱳣β꣬ţ
Ũ̹ͬһڵ𣬰һббģ㳾ڲԶһݼϡ
ͷ˵ǿޱȣ侳ȻҲȫֵסǹ룬ȸֽ޷ʹС޷Ч
ûãͷûѨǵȫԸ
ҵӺ󷽳һ˶ߵ޽ɽͶͷϣȴǾᣬȫ޷Ӱ졣
˼飡ͷ嵽жô͡
ҵҧݣһƬκˡҪȫֵľ޽ػǷǿͿԣмߵԡ
ƬԵֵȸֽķâԵֵ޽ֱ˼顣廹ҵûֹĶ֡
һģû˸ڡ۾ҾͲ۾ֵܹסȸֽ
˵ʱָһ㣬ʵʵĽҫ۶Ŀֱ˵˫۶ȥ
һ̣Ľײһεǽ䣬ȫΡ
廹ǲԶҵһĻɫ΢΢һף˵ΪѾﵽ˼侪˵ĵز
ķȫȫλġ
۾ôǿķ󣬵Ҫôܴͷ
䣬˼ʱ½һ̧һȭ˹ȥʲôûУȴ̲סƤһ̤ٴγ
£غ¥ߵ˲̮䣬Ȼȼܵɫ档
½ĹϢ뻹ɣһεİͬˮѹȹӦһ㣬ôĶ֪
аϻʼǸ޴в
⵽ʲô
ʯ䣬Ժ˲Ϣӹͷһֱͼҳֶȴʼû˿ջ
ļ䣬徹ȻѰǰͷκѶϢ
ֱܣ
Ϊ±Ԫ˧ӵǸȨޣǴƵģ˹صģͻʵģʳģ𵩾صϢ嶼ܹ֪
ȻȴҲκιͷϢ˵̽ˡ
ǲģ
ˣ
ͻ𣬾˼ʱ򣬹âһһӰѸٵ
ãٶôͻȻôˣ
ɫ΢
˵ʵǿٶȴȲҲĹؼһɲǣ֪Ϊʲô˵ٶһء
¡һؾ޴ӻΪ촷ۣҲ˲һΪеȸֳݺݵնھ˵Ĳϡ
ϣ䣬ȸֳı˲ϵϸܺ۵סˡϣͬһʱ䣬ҵҲײеȸ޽Ӷھ˵ͷӣȡ
һĻںڰмĿǲ廹ҵȸֳͨͨ赲⡣
𣡡
˫һţһɿ񱩵ޱߣ޾ȻΪģ˷ը
ֻһıʥҵδͨ󽫣ȫ߷ݰ˳ȥ
һɫĻ棬ͬһ㣬ǵȫȼ

ҧгݣܹоʵƺڲϵرǿֿµϻͬƹ֮һ㣬ڲ
սϣ⣬Сʱ
ǻһطСʱú֮ء
ɱɱˣ
½Ѫ㣬һľڴԭ߰˵ľˣһɲٴΰθһ㣬ӵװ˾ţԵøӵĸߴ󡢽׳ֲ޾ѹȸС
䣡
ʯӰ׳Ĵȣһ壬ԭһĲӰ½͵İεض𣬴һŨҵɱͬһ㣬ķ˹ȥ
Сģ
ҵ󾪣һ̵ľˣϵϢԵԽĿҡ꣬ҲԵøӵΣպ
ҵĵģǾϳˮ㲻Ϣ
ҪɱҸ磡
ͻȻһŮͯСʮɿ⣬һȺҵŮѾ御ŵûɪɪȺǰ棬һˣһ˾СŮΪۡ
СŮĹĵģݺݵĶ½ᡣ飬һ죬û˿ףСŮͻȻ˹
Сãÿ
ɫһ䣬лصһ룬¡ССϳһĲӰѾͬ˹֮ٺ½ɽͰӴݺݵײһ
¡¡ضҡȫɱӰײȴǺľһ㡣
У˱ըһľ˷ХƬʯ÷
飬ĻҳУһСӰײɳǺܿ죬СӰһٴγ˹̳֮С
Сã
󾪡
ҵ춯֣
˽һѸٳ˹̳֮Сͬһʱ䣬ҵһͬһ㣬ų̳֮С
䣡
һ춯صľ̳֮д壬ҵСֺ½ἤҵսһ
廹ҵǵ񶥼ĸ֣˳ԾĻССŮڵõʦа˵Ľ̵󣬾˵츳ʵһ¥ԽĿֲˡ
֮սСûʲô书͹Ľ𴸣ɱ񣬷ɱ𣬲ȫһõڶ
Щ佫ס򵥵һֱƿֲ
۴ʵǵ壬δųƵͨ󽫵ҵȫ޷ȣ˲Ķһ㡣
˫һεģ
ˣ塢ҵС˵Ҳֵס߰˵½ᡣ
ɱɱɱȫɱ⣡
˰½ŭХ˫ۻӶÿһɽ֮һ𵴲ݣϵȼճһɹɵϻͬһӣѸٵ˵ʵ
Сޣôô
ޱСɱһٸıսʹøߴ½ṥ裬ҸۡܣΧһݶϣһں˶ǴΪ𾪡
һѾˣ֯ʵɱȻűǰ֣ȫܹһҵȻԺ½࿹ٵͻȻɱһСޣŷ۵ɱֱţֱҵҪ͡
һȺʼû뵽ġ
ּǿѰҸۡһ㲻һССҾȻͬʱ


667 쭵Сã
ߣ侳ĸô½һöûУҪ
ܿ죬ǣһϴħߵĺ˾ЦڵЩҽ½ᡣҪȻĻ֪ǱصĻ侳ǿߣððȻȥʧء
ţȫάֽ磡аʱսͻ
ħߵĺ
½ᵶǹ룬κ˲սʱԽŭԽʵͻԽǿˣĿȻ·һ
Ҳ뵽ǽ󷨽磬ɲֻǵΪ˷ֹҵܣ߱˲սҪǷֹ½˺Լˡ
½һսʱϣﵽٽ㣬ٶȣڵϻ𶼻һʵı仯ڶʱѸһɲ˼ĵز
һﵽսң½񱩣ֻʮӾܽڵһΪƽءֱʮ֮еĿȫɵΧûл½Żƽ
ȻҲûϵķչе㲻һ
ѽҾͲһ󣡡
ս֮УСܵ½𵴣ݼҲ˺ݣ͵ıһ飬һ̤½Сһ½ϡ
һֻС§ס½ĲӣһֻС½Ჱʹһץ
໣
½ʹһ͵طһĺУеȫҸۡķУûκһܹݳȥ
ңң
СҧУֲԸ񣬺½սһֱѹŴСƢˡ飬һȭȭ£Сŷ۵СַȴɽͰľÿһζҵ½ܵ塢ҵĹҪ
½᱾ķǿСǿľˣȫǺ½ġ
໣½ʹУ͵һ⣬Сɳȥ
Сã
һڣлһߣæӹȥһԳ̽ȵشӺסС
磬û£ߣʲô˼Ƭ
СһĭСһţںƬ˳ȥ
Ƭ
Ƥһ˳Сӳķ򿴹ȥֻ벻Զĵطһ䣬Ȼ˼Ƭۣ˸ĺɫϸСƬ
ȻֻѰѰļƬۣ䲢ۣ䵽УʱɲˣĿϹһת͵̧ͷԶںҵսס½ᡣ
էһͷ֪ľ޴ʲô仯ûУǺܿµķ֡˳Ĳλÿȥ˼ϸۣҲϻеɫѪҺð
ǡ
𣬵ʯ·ʲô͵Ťͷһ޹ԼСã𾪡
СС֪ġԴСɽʦа˵Ľ̵Ҳ֪ʲôز֮սʱСҲһʼͶԼҲܾûսĳ
ֻҲû뵽ڵСѾﵽֵزͷ޴ϵƬȸֽ㾡ȫһˣСﵽϣȻİƬӲ
ҵ취ǣסϾ
룬৵һٴγϵȸֳ˫һգ䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬ԽĽУεضеȸֳлһĨ޴ĻߣȻӸ£صأֱն
¡
һϻȸֳϱֱӿͬһʱ䣬߰˸ߴޱȵ½ҲӸµһն˫³ٴ˵ص֮С
𣡡
˱ը½Ѫ㣬˴ȴֵĸ첲һϣͷݺĹȥ
һҪʵˣĳ黨ʯˣ˵˵Ѫ֮Ȼһ̣ûȵ½˫Ĺȥϣһһߵؽݺݵն½ĸ첲ϣֻ½ʹһ޴ĸ첲һҵӲ
䣬ҵһ½ʱǼһ½
ޱȣϵķǳĬҵ½ĹµɲǣһģָͻȻСµļƬ۴
СЩϸۣͬʱҲһѪ߰ߵ˿ڡ
С
ָ½Ĳ˲䷢µһаССҪСʩչģһڶԷ˻״̬²ʩչǣСɣﵽ۷֮巢ôѾʵı仯
ĳ̶ֳϣԲСѾ߱ˡ컯Ĳ㲻СҲڶԷˡ״̬£նԷĹ
µһаĿֻĹǳûа취а˵꣬˲ԷĹֻɸʬ
Ȼˣ˵Ҳ㹻ˡ
䣬һɱģԵģ·յһ㴼ޱȵ½ڷӿ뵽ڣһ˲ɢ߾
ʯ䣬оԼ׹ѣľѪ·𶼱סˡȻǣԵıУ̺ŻɽҰ
һһȣһһо·屻˺ˡ
һδйľսôĶ֣廹ǵһڲͬĹ
⵽ʲô
Ĵһ󽫼ǿ߶ôӵȴͷˡ
ǺܿᵽֹĺôһɰģͻȻ֮ӿȫѾĲ٣һɲǣõ˴䣬ϻյƶ˲ĻѪϸһǿ
һ֮Уûôص
䣡
âһХ޴ĺӰСݺݵ˹䣬Ŀһ͵һ˲½ͷ߸ߵĵԺ֮½־ڱصõһ
໣
½ɱ㣬嵯ͷ׳˫ȷȻŸ߿յȥ׷ɱ塣
Ȼûȵֻȭץ˹һץסֻף˫ֺݺһ˦˦
ҹ
ҵŭХ쳹أı½ѹŴҲλԸ߰ӱҵͨ󽫵ŭ
˫ȭðܵϻڲȼգϵ·ջˣ¶˼𣬸ţҵѾȫܲˡ
¡
һݣҵ˫Ŀͬһͷŭް½˹ȥһȭһȭϣҵĽսһ
һˣڸһϱڲԫһ̤˴ٴ㵹أǯָ½ĲСٴηֱԵޱȵĶٴӿڡ
ʵѸӣ̶ֻʱڣͻָȫʢˮƽ۵ϵ½ᣬԭϢһֱϱǣ巢С֮󣬻Ϣͬеһҡҷ
ȻԵܵ˶ơ


668 ֶߣ
Сӵѧʲô½
Ҹۡ⣬ǵһݶϣϴħߵĺ죬һ˦͵վ˫ҧݺݵضҸۡڵ塣
죬ûյĿϢӦص
һԱߴһ̴ģĺ˿ڵ鹧ޱȡ飬û˵꣬һӴײϣ̴ģĺ˺ݺݵײɳʮԶ
ʲô鲻ûռĿϢ
Ŀɫߺޱȡ
½ǵһγĴѾԽһٶʱ䣬ĶֶҸúķôʱ䣬ֻҪ½֣Ŀܱ˳µֻβѡ
һεĳ֣ͬ½ᣬȻӿͷڣһֱǲ˳Ŀ½Ǵûз
û˿Գ½飬Ӵһ⣬ȫڣȻ˿ǰκη£͵ȡ½
ۿ붼롣
죬ҪҪ˽ȥ½һɵ
һ̽ŵ
ǺͿ½Ҳ֣ɱһ˶Źôȥϣ
Ĭˡ
ʲôˣֻάֽˣĿ͵ȡ½ϰϢ㱨ȥ

⣬ȹ󷨣׼½ξĸɵĿꡣ
죬½˺´Ǳ߻᲻⡣
ⲻǸõĵ飬Ǹ֪½жôǿĿ½֪ᷢʲôһʧܣ˭Գеȫ𣿡

Χܿţû˶ԺĻ顣˷һķŹḷ́Ѹٵû뵽ҸۡĺɫС
Ҹۡڣ塢ҵС˺½֮սѾﵽҵĵزŨĴʯľмս˷
ЩʯľмΧǽڣһָСĿѨ

Զһ󾪺еѾߡˡŮһĻһɫ԰ףɪɪ
ǽңΧнѲߣھǾ԰ȫġ
˴û鷢Ҹۡͷι޴ݻˡһƬ棬Ŀꡣ
ô£ô飬Ϊʲô˻ûиϹ
ʮɿ⣬һݻٵĻ԰ɽԣĸˣųУɫɷףѡ
ˣܼѾȥˣǲ֪Ϊʲôڶûл
һѾߣҧ촽ɫ԰ףڲ
ǴȥһҪ취ѽй
˵
Сÿһʵǿǰҵڱһ
ֲ书˶ܸоóֻǳ顣
Сã˫ȣ
ҵע˫֣ȫҪſҺСá
С

岻ϵҵС˺㾡ȫס½ᡣ
ѾоˣҪԸͷСǹؼֻҪͷͻ᲻ϵܵơ
ԶԶͷǳأʱŶǿС޷ֹ
Уȥȫᱻ
ͻȻ
֮սնһʿ۵ĹһСһͷһ㣬һʱᱻѣʧصĸо
ңͷȼճϻʼǸ޴вͨСȡ䣬СˣûӰ춼û̫⡣
ҵȴҪ֧Ųסˡ
ϻȼ£Ѿ˴룬ۿžҪ֧Ų˶ˣȥһҵ˶
ӣ߰ɣסһôȫ룡ƾǵǶԸͷ޵ģҪеĸֶԸ
ҵ鲼飬ʵķǳ֮ޡ
УȴС뿪ס
廰û˵꣬оһͯ
ߣҪߣҲŲҪߣҾͲţһ
Сһִ֣ĹĵӣҵһͷʹСڽȣ׼һҵѸı䡣
ҪʱҲͰˣʱҪģ
ҵû˵ֻսļ϶ҴҵƳһ壬СõԣλߣؼʵǿҵûȨȥ
ֻⷽܿˡ
СãҪ֣
üͷ
ߣҪܣ
СҲ˺ݣƴĳǰ½ἤҵսһһ˳ЩҸ̳ۡԽŨˡ
䣡
Сȥÿ죬Ҳ죬ֻ¡һһӰӹ̳зɳݺݵײϣҵʯľмɽ
𣡡
½һȭСû˿ԥһֱȥɺ˫ҹɫҲǼĿ
ԣ
˫ɺɫ˫Ժһ⣬һͷԽԽǳԼģ棬ֻԼǱ׷ġ
һĸо
⻹ؼģ½ĺʱһͷѸٱ
սڣˡɱɱ֣Լɱˡ仰ûͷ˵Ļ
һǻ۵ķӦ
ҿͷ˫ۣҲֻо޾ķͻҡ
ֻзͻңͻҲ档СãҵĹĿ꣬ԲֻһҪĿҡһͷĹܹġ
ĿѸٵɨΧէһһ糣һ̣һͻȻһ˿Ծĵط
ӽ£ۼ˽˿ڣ̶ȹھ¡ȻѾҹ̶ܶѾȣȻӪҹġ
ҾҹҸۡҲвٵĸ֣߼һյյƻ𣬻´һֻֻ
ĿΧһƬڣҸڵĵƻȻһĻ⣬һƬڡ
սôãҸۡôĶȻûһĶ͵
Ծ
üͷһʲô
һӰӺֱ˹һɶԺ֮һµһɽûôõˡ
¡ߵļɽһεɷĩӶû£ͬһ㡣
һ뿪ȥΧ鿴һȦֿԱȫ£
һ÷ϣθһص
ǹʵǳǿ󣬷ɫĻ棬ʵһմеһڻŵģȫ룬һĶԶԶء


669 ֣
ǣӣ
û𣿿ȥ

һȺȺɶȥ
Ϸˣӣˣ
ڻɢȥ󲻾ãһ󾪻ŵĴҴŵķһźɫ·֮ǰ˵ԮĹܼңһȺѾߡūͣʱֻʧ˹һһߴУ
Ų֪ʲôסˣҺѾԾеķȥ
ѵǽҲȥ𣿡
ߣһŶѾ̲ס
ûãǷ֪ʲôǷȥŽ㻹ײһѪ
һڹܼѾߵɫɷף˲Сľš
ˣ
˵ģ⣬ԶҵѾ߻һ¶ȴпһ͵سȥ
˵֮ǰֻǲ²⣬ôѾȷɣεϮǰͷ֮⣬һ˲ٵˡ
Щ˾ǳԼġ
󡭡ˡ
ʯ䣬ԺһͷͻȻʲôɫѿޱȡϴݣȻѾΪ˹ءگͻʡ߾жд̣ΪǱ֮Ŀꡣ
ǲ˹ءگǵϮɱֶζûг෶룬ǹ֡ЩķΧ֮ڡ
ȻǰҸۡݵһĻѾԽ룬ǰͻȻľӣͻȻڼУɱŰιصϻԼסδ֪ЩֶΡ
ӡУҲֻЩɱگ޷Ů׷ɱ̫ӵĺˣԼ֧غڼܹõ
Щ쵰ôĵӣ
ԭίݺݵȭͷɫȻ֮÷ŭޱȡʦӽ£ӵмʮĽʥ֮ҸǽңƵس
ЩҾȻھʦ֮оʹĵķҪһƵȨңѾǵΪݣȫ޷죬ûκεɷ͹Լǡ
ʯ䣬ЩͷԺзӶܿͻָƽŭκ⣬Ȼͷﻹͬô֮취Ľ⡣
սڣһ㶯ûУܼҲ˵汻ʲôסˡ˵Щһʹʲô󷨡
а
ʽǧ򻯣׺ͨͿԼ֮仯ɡ񡱡ֿµս
ֻһֱʽѡ
֪һЩ󷨿γɽ磬ֻЩһôӴôǿۡˡ
еܹȥеľҲɱΡԣоȫɱΣҸۡϿյܼģ˵ҰǾʲô
蹷ûа취Ŀ꣬ûа취ʹȥҧԷ
Χǽ
ʯ䣬ҴҵƳһܸ߸ߵΧǽȻ֮ʲôฮۡи߸ߵΧǽԼͬʱҲ˵Ŀ̽
ʱȴЩ赲õİ֡
仰˵ҹʱֻ֣ҪЩѲߵĸͳԼֲˣͲ˷֣ҵĸۡΪƽأ֮ǰҲԲ˷֡
ô˵ǵλú׾ܱˣ
ȻӹһĨĹâ䣬һӰʩչޣ˲½̺Żһ
һ̣Ժжʱ˰취
䣬Ѹٴ֣ϡϼȫݸɣûкʵĶòƥӹսǿʼ죬ʮԶ
ͻȻڵ
ǣӣ
ԶߴӰӦһ˻ɶȥұĶֻ࣬Ǹʹ͵޳кͲƥӦоС
ҲǾǵĽ๫֮ձ
ৣ
ֻһʱ䣬ҵۡĽǵĸǽϣ֧һƥǽҸۡΧһȺ˿ʼעϣûעЩʲô
ȵǰһڣһƥӳǽ𣬲ƫУ赲ס˵ߣɲǼ䣬ںһƬȻһ׷ױɫ
ãСӣˣ
һ﷢ǣ
죬ʧȥ½ϵˣ

⸭˶ʼϲжеڣͻȻ֮оһαĿ꽫һ̫ˣӦ̫ˡ
˵Ϊֹ֪ôԺǽ˵ġ
еĲƥȫǾ׼赲ǵߣͨΧ̽ңָ½λá
鷳ˣΪ˷ֹ˿̽ңǽȥˡڣ֧ƥ赲ǵߣʲôˡ
һеλĺվüͷ壬һļ֣Ը֪Ŀ겻öԸû뵽Ȼô
ֻһɲǣŪĲۡŸոտʼѾôˡͻȻ֮ףΪʲôĿļжʧˡ
ѶԸĿꡣ
ô죿
ʶһħߵ졣ôһŪ½ʧأѾǼƻ֮顣
ȻĿ൱أѶԸ֡
ڵҪôҸۡĺɫ֣ôһĿ»мĿܱĿܣע⡣
Ȼô˾ȫ޷ԸĿˡ
ʵõİ취ָ½ᣬֱ˺ٳǽϵĲƥǹؼǣ½泯Ǹѹ֪
¡¡
̳һĳӲƥ³ȻʲôֻĳҲȫԲ²õһж֮ǸСӾչʲôж
Ҿ˲ж

Ĺǽ죬εжѹû˳û뵽½ô飡
½һʱ᲻¡Ҳûɱ½ᡣҹζ࣬ӽݶٶȴ߶½ҵȫɱ⡣½𡭡е
˵һ䣬ҧгݡ
ǣ
˺ȻӦһ̣˶æµһĹϵġģ̺żķϵ˴뵽֮С
֪УҸۡĺɫУһ˿ѪɫһЩ죬͸بζķ֡
һУʱûκ˷
𣡡
ҵĸۡڣļƻҲ˹ؼλáڼ궫÷ּ䣬һƬƥͬ㽫Χ
ڲƥм䣬ͷ½ϣĴָݺݵ˸ߴǿ׳½Ჱ£ͬһͷʧҰ޵½ȫ˿֮С
жȷģҸۡĽǽͷòƥΧøߣ赲ⲿߣ½ȻٽĿ꼯ϡ
ҵСȫĿꡣ
ҪǣһͷʧȥǣûضĿĹޣԶһͷܵƵĹ޸ӺöԸ
ҵ߿λ
Сõˣ
˫ֻۣҪ˫ۣͻὫĿϡ
ֻùҡڲ

嵹½ͷϵķһܵȻҵѨôԸֵǹ룬˫ϻܣȴûǻۺǣֻڿҺɱ¾еĴ׵Ķˡ
ԪɽϣָӹʮġʱָҵСԼ練ơ


670 ½޻
½ȻһһܱɽӵĪǴʱ˿̣ȴȫ塢ҵСŪڹ֮䡣
ѡĿ꣬ʹ½ҡڲ󲿷ֵ˷־岻֮С
棬棡
СЦȫŪ½Ϸ֮С½Σյϻ𡭡ֱȡʤġ˵ûӰ졣
ˣ
ԴԴϱԵ½ߴзӿϵĵڣ½᲻ϵĺУÿһȭʱȫҵ
ǣ½ڵϵļ٣ڵ򲻶ӣ󲻵ԭľ磬һŻ侳ءسȥ
ҪǣϱѪ֢ȻնɱһˣڸͣѸ٣徭ѪҲһ˺
Ѹ޷ġ
һδδʱëײŻѪҺ
ڣоͷιڵ֮ȫϸŨͬõҩڽڵĴһһֺϡ޲
Ǹջ
̫ˣ
һ˿ѩĹâ˾ֻҪһֱ״̬δܰͷڵȫ⡣
Ȼ֪ôģһԿ϶ǾԸѹƿѪ֢ĸмĺô
ӣСģͷƬ
ͻȻҵĿӹ½ĲһȦϸϸСڵ㣬Ƥһ
Ҫţ취ѹס
侲ޱȣ͸ŷĸ֪ҵҪݡ½ϵѪǿ˲˼飬ָĲʱ򣬾ѾоһڰԼָơ
ָ´ּӲϸܵĸоϵϸۡƬǹ룬ڼӲȸֶûа취ǳĻڣСѾӢ֮ˡ
Сã
һ̣ԥ
С˲ϢСĳǰһƬϸӦ䡣ܿ죬ֱٴӿ
˲ظļƻЧϵϢԽԽǿ½ᣬԭһֱϢܵСĴɣʼͣͣʵĳơ
ͣ
âһȸذףݺݵĲ˹ȥǽֻǲһ㣬ͱסˡ
ü͵Ѫ⣡
ҲľսôãôĶ֣ΨһһëϷȸ޷κεĹ
ǲϸƬ£Ѫ⣬һִĸֽļ䣬ûôŹֵĶ֡
˿ڻ̫Сˣ岻ȥ
ЩϸС˿ڣԺһͷ
ȸذѾ㹻ϸˣǻǲذ׶½ᲱϵЩϸС˿˵̫ˡ
Ȼ϶ϸۣ
Ŀӹ½˫ף˶ĺ۽Ķ׳׵ĸסϸϸܵĺۣһȦȦһֱӶӵ˶档
Ҫ֣ȻҲ̫ʵʵġ
취ĸɵȻĻҵ֧ܿŲסˡ
а
ҵûгɳδǸͨ󽫣սôãϻգĵķǳóѾ֧ˡ
ĿһתܿͽĿתƵ½˫ۣ½Ҫͷ۾õֵ㡣
ǵĿ⼯е½˫ۣ˲ͱɫ½ԭɺ˫ۣʱѾѪ㣬ʺĵγѪۿȫһƬѪ죬޾ıŰͻͬһʱ䣬ĶҲһܼģ
꣡
ԭж߰˵½ᣬƺܵһѾǳߴ壬Խ
ֹˣǵӴ£ӲʻĶ½̬ҲЩʻʱ򣬳׵ı仯˿ֲı仯
ãҵСã
һǿҵΣոдвҲ룬һ䵹ɶͬʱһ޴ĽʴХţڿлһߣ¡һصڲλá
ȻһҿգǾ޴ʹƬضҵһ¡
໣
һľ޴˳½ΪģǿҵĻԵϻϯȫ䣬ϻ÷ȫΪƽأЩڵߺĲƥϻһǣѸճɻҽ

СͺһϻıԵһײ˳ȥһߣҵҲƺһ˵ıԵײУһײһϱڲԫϣɫʱֽһ㡣
̫ǿˣ
жҲѣ弰ʱѣʱѾУʱ¾Ͳֹˡ
ʲô
ͻȻ֮һдСײ֮󣬴ӵĳʱ˫۴һ֡
ֻԭ÷ֵλãŨ̹
ͷ߰˵½ʧˣȡ֮ģһͷӴģ͹ƽļʣͬʱһβ׵ޡ
ͷצŵأ˫Ŀɺ죬վһߣ峤β׵׶೤
κվͷǰоһ־޴Ŀ־塣
СȻ˫Ͼֻһ˾СŮͯʰĹޣĲһ˿塣
˱ɹޡ⵽ʲô
ʱΨһܱѵľ塣Ŀͷ޵ȫ仯ǰһ̣һͷ߰˵һ̣ͣͱǰͷֲķ˵Ĺޡ
УҲǵһοһˣǰһͷĹޡѾ֪룬ȫ޷óȥ͡
𣡡
޴һţͻȻʮҵһɴδֹģִɫ䣬ʯȼ
ҵһԾԺ֮ܹɻ档
䣬𶯣½ɵľ޴ĽŵأȻһԾͻȻ㳯ʮҵȥ
ã
ҵɫ䣬Ѿϻķ£ģʱѾ޵˻ˡ
棬ۿҵҪ޽£ͻȻһõ֮кһͷ½ϣ˽һȻӸ߿Ϻݺ£ײ޵ͷ
أ䣬һ˴Ľ޵ͷ­֮䱬û˿⣬޻½ԽĿֲȸֽκβ

һ䣬ͷɶĽͣ㣬ڵһڣԶȥֻһգۣʧ档
󣬾޴һѸٵβȥ
¡
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬䣬Ϸضҡһľ졣˵ĿУ޻½յ£ͬһ㣬ֱײϷĸǽϡ
ɸߵԺǽ½ײ£ֽͬһķѣ½ƲЪһͷײԺǽĺɫϡ
ˣԭһͻȻһƬһɲǣˡϹܼңͬҵū澺ˣͷճһεĺɫ֡


671 ǣ
ʲô
ôֲֶǸȥ
ʲôҪԸңǵ̫ˣ

˶ܵСľţһ־ŭԺǽһȺ˵ͲǾôˡ
飬һվȣһѪͻȻݶ׹
쵰СӾȻ½Ըǣ
ݼϣһȺ־ŭ
γɵĺɫ֣ʹڵΪģ˶󷨵һ֡½ײ֣ǣ½Ըǡ
廹ںɫ棬Ҫ
ȻһлԶԶûн
¡գ֮䣬һ촫ոʧ޻½£ȥٴκݺݵײ󷨽ɵĺɫϡ

һҽ׻Ѫٴδݶϵ½ڵʵӴò˼飬û˿Եֵ
ѹûֵǰԸǡ
һĻѹû
죬ȥ»Ǻ½սˣСûǵ˵ˡܲܿ½ᣬҪײǵĽ磿
һͷĿվŤͷһݶϵĺ
УС̫ƻˣ
ҧгݣκһ˶Ҫŭ
һֱڿ½ֵķλʱ䣬ȵƵʱ½Ѿʧˣʱ̫ˣĻ쵰
½Ҫʱģʱ̣ܶ¸⣬½޻֮ʵٶȴӣرǵĿƣʱͲơ
½ֵĵط仯ûа취Ԥ⣬ȵֵʱѾˡ
ɺ޵ǣ廹ָҵĻϵİһĲƥײȱڴʹǵҰʼմƵ״̬
Ҫɱ
ҧгݣӿһδйС½һֱһζûз
һ˵ĸоͺ½ǸСӵһԼһ˷Ϊ½ṥĿꡣ
¡
˼ļ϶ɫĹ𶯣һݶ棬Ǽ˿ѪԵȥ
ʧȥ˼֮󷨵ԽԽɫĹֶ˲١ʼȣڵĹѾԳֳļ
죬ô죿
˶ԽԽżˡ
ٵȵȿ½޻֮ԽԽٶҲԽԽ죬ҾͲһֱƵס
б˻Ҫżȴû˿ı¶
սһѾûʲôѡˣһſ磬ĿӳȥǾͻǰ
֮£½ɱĿ꣬ô˷ˡ

ʱ˿̣Ժǽû֪Ĵ뵽ĺͿģҪΣյĶࡣ
໣
½ŭХһϻͬһ㣬ϵĳȥЩϻֻҪմһ㣬Ѫڵ³
ϻһ𹥻ģ½βģ޴Ľʴ䣬½Ľʴÿһǳޱȣڵϣʯ׷ɣһһӡ
½ϻβ׵צ£ϵŲתǰɱ½ϻβ׵·ӶΣ㱻½С
ȫڸ˿裬ĸоӰΣֻҪһ³
䣡
£½һһκݺײҵĺɫϡ˿ǾᣬޱȣеֻԼ֪
ɢҪ
䣬óаȱڸԶһ㡣

쳹ҸۡϿա꺣¡ѾֺĽ꣬ڵһ䡣
磬㡣
Сһ·ɱ
СãҪ뿪
ʧɫ
СõԸһçײʱɲԵʱͷڵʵ࣬嶼׵
СĻۿҪܹ
Сվס
һ˵ĻСһͣ½Ų
䣡
½ٶӣұԽԽΣգѾ˲ˡûܶԸͷޣɫΨһķ
һΡ½ҲɹĲײںɫĹϡ½Խ󣬶ԺǽĺɵĳԽ
ۣһ˿ѪϵĴݶ׹ȥ½Ѿɹıת޸ǡ
ݶϵȥһ߾ʬ壬ɫ˻Ҫѿ
һ򵥵ҹɱյ£ڱһʱܣɫĹ־Ƿֽߣĺ˾Ĳߡ
˭ֵܹ˭ܹʤ
䣬һʱ䣬ɫĹ⣬˹ļž֮УֻºɫĹҹڲͣ𶯡
һΣΣΡ
֪˶ãһ¡죬ɫĹֱ߽⡣ۣһ˿ѪݶԵ
һɲǣкɫôʱ䣬ôۣǱ½ǵķ
ȻһлԶֹˡ
죬ˣͽѾ߸Ϲˡ
һ˾е
ɫѣľ޴Ѿ˺ܶˡھʦصأֻҪһ춯ͽע⣬οô졣

ҹдһ󹷷ԶԶһҼҵĵƻһ˼ĨڴӴ
˭
ҹĻò˯
ôô󶯾òǳʲô˰ɣ

Щ˵ɫѿޱȣĿԶĵط˵ƻ͸ӣܿӰζƺ׼³鿴
ȥҪ˶Ǿͻ᳹׵ı¶
죬ô죿
ĴߴٴδӶߴ
һȣٵһȣѾԿ½ˡ
ҧ
ѾûʱˣͽѾϹˡ
һ˵
ξԲھע⣬ж׼һ¶˶
ΪʲôǰɱһˣҪαΣ֧һɫ󷨽ԭ
ʱѾˣ
û˵б仯ͣĶൢһᣬ½壬ȻѾԤϵһС
ʧɲǣѾҸۡڣҵǳ޳УҰޡ
ҪǶʱɵģڳͽִ֮ǰǲɵġ
죿
ٴδߴٵ
ɱСӣҲһҺܡ
ҧгݣĲʡ
½ΪƽأȰ֮뿪˶ҳ
ȻĲʣǺҲò´ﳷ˵ΣԶǵĵһԭ
ͣ
һĻʬۺһȺ˲һɢա


672 а˵ǳ
Щˡˣ
ſյܣüӹһ˿Щǿָͨͷģ屾Ϊǻڹѵ˲䣬ͷԼǰָڸۡڲ۵޳кͲƥ
Ȼû뵽ԷȻˡ
Щ˻ǹСĽԸκε˿
а
Щ˽ѾкüˣǵΪֹ嶼ûǵ½ǣ˵˽ǵˡ
ƺǳעݣڲټһ㲻
ӣô죿
һֻʵԶվһǽ棬һչһռ棬޻½ڳ񱼶
ĺȻѾˣҵ鷳ԶԶûнڵ½Ѿܵ˭˭
Χȫӣһͷܳȥ롣
üͷ壬ĿɨңѾ˿ԵֵޡСǾԲǰģҵ״Ҳ俰ǡ˱ͷϻһ¾ͻճɻҽ
ֻ취һ£ǳԶĽ֮µϵʱԽͷʵͻԽ¡
ȵٶһ̶ȣƾ輸ҵĳǽס
ÿ
ͻȻ֮䣬һϵȴۻԵдͬһ㡣âһһɫӰͬһӹգҵĸۡڡ
˻ûзӦԭһӰٴγʱѾ½ǰ½Ӵȣ˵ݣȴͬɽͰΰ͸ߴ
ʦ
ϲһϳɫӰԼʦаˡ
˿ͷ
а˿۴䣬ֻذ˰֣ʱһǿҵšǵӰֻһվʱһֽʹΪһ𣬺ޱߵĸо
𣡡
޺Уƺоϵת˫ͭɺۣںڰͬյĿĴһ㣬ضǰаˡ
䣬֫׳Ľצڵһ̤׶ߵľ޴޴ŴͬһڵƿնСаˡ
޴޻û˹ȥһţ¡һִϻͬХĽһ㣬аӿȥ

һľ洫վԶҲᵽɤ۶˵ʼ½ϻֻǷ˵Ļôھ嶼Σյϻ
¡
ûȵѣ޴ϻգѾصĺ䵽˶аϡ
ʦ
Сһͬʱ˳
Ȼһ̣˸еޱȵһĻˣǺƺƵ̺Żϻ䵽аϣͺµٲײ䵽᾵ɽʯϣ˲䱻һεסиɳǧɡ
޻½ϻаǰһ޹
ǰ㻹ҷ
¡¡ҸۡϿջصаѾһ̽ϻУһץס½һֻơ
¡̳ض·ҪѿˣĿɿڴУ޴޻½ᣬаһصˤϣĽų죬ˤñɢˡ
ʦ
վԶĿ࣬СҲվ߲Զ۾°ͶҪˡ
СǴûма˳֣廹Ҫһ㣬֪ʦаȻ书ʧѸٵĻָУһһżġǧ
ֻǾҲ֪ʦа˵书ȻѾֵزϻգһƣͰʵǵͷ޺ݺˤڵϡ
⡭Ҳ̫˼ˣ
𾪵ĻЩҵĻۼ֤жôֲаǰһͱˣȫû֮ǰôֲ
˿һĻľ
໣
޻½ếһ˦˦ͷȻӵ빥аˣһ̣һֻݵͻȻ˹һư½ͷ
¡Ӵ½ػ׳צֿص׹ڵϣضƺȥһĺۼ
ǹ½ᣬа˵һǰʹĺС
סˣǧѨϣҲǧѨϣޣǺϵۼټӲϸܣҲڵסȫѨϣÿһѨϾһ
аۺԵ޵ǰѾȫȻʧɫ
׺ݵ½Ҳֻһֻ˳Сèѡ
ǧľ裬Ҫѧ֪ϵѨϣҪֻϵĽܳΪĸ֡
а˵ֽһ׶ߵ½ᣬ׵Ĵ˵ص֮УϢ׵Ĵɢ
ԶҵһϱڲԫһĻ;ˡ⻹һοа˳֡ͷ̹ģëϷȸֽԸûô
ֵǹ룬аǰȫûôаֻһУͽͷ޻ˡ
˼顭
ҵȫסˡ
ϹֹһɽҲаˡʱֻûжвֱһɲǣҵ֪Լˡ
ôҲû뵽ɽϿͨͨ˾ȻôֲѾǿֲôˡ
еһ㶼ҵ٣иĻ˼

˼
Ǵ컯ǧֻ߲¾Щʮѧ嵱ûнӴġ
۷ʱڵаˣʵڴ˵˵Ϊʥ֮󣬻ʸָʦѾ޼ôа˾֮һ
֮ľѧ֮һ
ÿ߶ΪΪһžѧģʦġǧǶһݡžѧûʺƴѾȫаķ룬ڡ
ң֪ʦаַʽͷޣ̵ԼۿڵϵҪȴڵסϵѨΪѨ޴ڵġ
ԣֻҪ˶ԷѨڣԷǹ룬ҲһԹԷ
ʦȻڸԼ
ǧ벻ôǿ󣡡
忴ǰʦаˣʷѾı䣬Ʋƶġǧ궼ûгֹȻ˼Ҳ̸֪
ǺʣһżǿĿѧʦаֻС¶һ֣Ѿε÷ˡ
໣
ͻȻ֮䣬һӵضע⡣ع̧ͷȥֻʦа˵λãҳͷţȻɽһȥֻһգۣʧ˵ϡ


673 ڴ컯
ãһҪܣ
Ҳһ½սôã֪ⶫܴɽһܡৣһӣ½صķȥȻûӳоһۻ
ߣǰ㻹ӵ𣿡
¡¡а˱壬ԣ̳Լܵ½û˿仯һԵϢϳ֮ڣնŤˡ
飬һ̤ضҡض·еļװ˵ĿУаͻȻðһɾ춯صɫĿ׹⡣
еİ׹⣬۳һɣ˳а̤µҽţƺƵͬһ뵽˵صͬһžʯͶˮ֮Уɲ֮صضҡ
໣һ֮ʹдӵصҲ书ū澺˶۾һ֪صľˡ
ҳɣ
а߲ͣȴһѹ˶𡣺¡¡˵Ŀ⣬Ƭĵѿͺһֻɽξִӵص˳
꣬˵ĿУعѣ¡Ѹ̧Χ֮ߣڹѵĴ룬һͷɶߣ氼͹ȫǽʻƤĹ޻ѨŰ׹⣬ٴγ˵ǰ
ЩɫĿ׹⣬ͺһһѨݺύˣ½ȫģá
ڵˡ
аڵĳ趯ƽ͸һΰ
ҽ컯ĿھǬתѪУζӢתͷ޵ǿĴ컯ͿѪ֢мĺôȥ
˵һ䣬аһĲɡ
飡
âһѾеаԶ壬һݣû˿ԥ˲䵯ˣͷ½ϣĴĴָ˲޻½һ˺ѵѪڡ
ںа˵սܵˡ
̫Сˣٰһ£
а˵Ӷдƽ򶨡һ̣ԭֻдĴָС˿ڣͻȻ֮˺ѣȭͷСӴ½ʹһʱɫѪע
а˿סѨ֮һȺɫϸۻĽʲ㣬ǧǰȫԴУû˿ķ֮
¡¡
һɹۿɼıɫ罬ӿ˳ӹȥﵽС۷ٰ֮ʦа˵ġ컯ھתѪ˲Ϣ֮ӴĲ˼顣
½ڵرԼʮǰٶȣӿڡ
໣
½ĺھʦＴúԶܹʹţа˵ǧѨ£ôô
ģ⵽Щʲôˣѵ½ᶼӲˣôôǵ׻жصֶΣ
ԶԶģѾӳԶĺˣںڰ½Ĳҽһ޻½ᵶǹ룬ʵǿĲ˼顣
սϣһͷ½¶׻һֻ˵šң½ỹأζڲ֮ء
ڡ
ֻҪ룬ں˾ͽס䡣ôһɲǣҪͷܻȥʲôˣܹס½ᡣ
Ǻܿ죬Ǿֹסǡ
ͳѾĸϹȥյ쳹ҹգ뻹ǲ룬ٳˡ

Ҹۡڣͷ½ϣ嵹ԴԴϵı½ӿ롣ֻ꣬һڱ̫࣬˲Ϣ䣬ֻһĵɫĺȫƤ±
½Ӵλһɫۿɼٶȣ˫ۣѸȫһɲǼ䣬ֻɫʼˡ
Ϊڱ΢΢½ʵ̫ˣȫԽڵҲĳ
һԪϡӿȪС硭һͨ컯оԶٱϣûвյ
ȫҪʱһͻȻӶߴаԣԵšΪ򻯹ĳߣţаеһˣаȻ˵ⷭĵͰ
ɰٴ˴
ϣûд컯ղ˵֮ԻᱻȫΪûµһаľ裬ӵĲλŻ
ˣ
ʦа˵ĻȻӦһ̣һɿԵ⼸Ѩһź¡һ죬ھɽһɲǼһӴ֮
һغɫۿɼٶѸٵı߽⡣һɽȫתһ֮󺣣۵ڵλá
ϢҲˮǴߣӻ侳أأһֱأȥ½һʵ̫ǿˡ
˵󲹣ȫ൱ںüֵ
գ
һܼ洫ӵȻܿ죬һ˺ХٵҸۡĴǰȻֹ
ǳصظԮ
ǽ׷ʲôˣǽȥ鿴

еڶ
ϱڲԫҵĿһ£һţ¡¡ĳĲԫվ
˴šңͷ޵̫ӣڲ֮ǰǲù֪
ҵԺͷܿӣҴŵķȥһߣһʾ⣬һָ࣬ˣҸۡԺǽȱöˣͬʱ˰ء
һ̫̫ˡҸۡһôţҪȵϡ
ĳͽܿҵȥӡ
ۡ½Ҳﵽ˹ؼʱ̣һǿϵѪ⣬ֺսɵİˡ
ֻ꣬Ϣ֮䣬Ϣһ·˻侳أһǿҲ֮ڱ
ڤڤ֮УѾ¶һǰϡ

רע½컯ʱͻȻһɫĻ½ڱϻҰԵдڵ֡
Ӵ½ֻһɲǣڶ⣬׵ȼ
ã
ҲһһɱӿҲ룬Ҫ½ĻϨ𣬽Ѿˡɻ漫Ѹ٣Ұҡ
ֻһգۼ䣬ͷ׶ĸߵĽʻϺɫĻճɻҽֻһƬ޴ĺɫۣʲôû¡

һһԣ½ʧĵطɫѿѡͷ޷ǳ죬ܹ仯ΣͬʱҲܹ޻Բκܹ
ڵ㼶ԶԶߵķΧĶ˾޴ܡܹɹĽ˵ܴЩ˵
ӣʲôûˡ


674 һ
̫иˣеʼڵʧ⣬עԷʧһжǱȻİˡ
а˷˷䣬֣һƵ
ǧͨ½ڵÿһѨϣ½ܶǳʧǶа˵һͿԤϵġ
⵽ô£ֹܹ޵ģͨôĶ֣
аתͷ
ʦͽǻش㡣
Ц
ʵϣκ˶Ҫ֪𰸡Щ˾ͺƾճֵһǲԼļ䣬Ҳκε֮С
嵽Ϊֹ֪ʲôЩˣʲôйǵϢȫһƬհס
аһ۲ԶĿҸۡʶüͷȻĻڴеĴ𰸡
ˣʦ˼ôʱʱĸϹ

ͷ޻֮ʵرǻȸֽκβа˼ʱϵ治ͷھʦֳӡ
٣ҸۡΧͨվڻ˲ء
ǺǣҪˣСҽ̵ġСϢұκһ˵ĸ֪Ҫ񡣵ϢͻȻҵĸ֪ϢҾѾоԾˡǧϣȻʮҲûʲôܹùҡǸʱҾ֪бˡ
а˵
һ̸ԼġǧȻֻǾһƳаչ¶һǣҲѾ൱ˡ
ʮķΧҲܹ֪ԶĶšǧѾ롣
ʦĻ̲ס¶һ˿ȡȻʦ˵ġǧϡʲô˼һԿ϶ǾʦĹĻָˣ㻹ûдﵽµĵزҲԴﵽһߵĲΡ
ϲʦָ񹦣
ϲõ
Ǻǣ̸ָ񹦻Ϊʱ硣Ҳȷʵָ˲ٵʵһУҪл㡣ɽŨǧѵĳҴϣҪ־磬ٻҪϡ
а˵ǰͽο
һӹĶǡթˣƱˣҲԼͽƣյͽܣаһο顣
岻ϴӴͷ͢ҶҲϼТаκһͽ϶ܹġ
Ʋƶа˵ֹ书ԡػһı仯ڣ˵κһ˸˺壬ĺǣаҲһҪңɱ
ֵͽһһС˵ļС
һжʦԼŬͽֻǽˡ

˵ʼҵаֻΪϵĴ컯ڣ岻֪ѾѵԼߵˣֻʦô򵥡
ңôıʣҲܸоʦ˵Զⷢ˱仯һаħͷаһӵ罭ܹ̣ƽˡ
ǺǣΪʦǰͲǫˡ
аЦҡҡͷ
Ϊʦ˲鿴ҪʵǴ컯СѾԲҲÿžѧˡҲܹϱߵѪֻǡ
˵˴а˿壬һ̾üӹһĨǡ
ΪֹʵҲ֪žѧǺûǻ컯Ͼаа뱲ӣѾԹĿͷδѪУΪ˸޴Ĵۡ
ʦؽ黳һжͽԼѡеĺҲ֪
嵭ȻЦ˿Ϊ⡣
֪ʦʲôֻǾһΣҲһѡ񡰴컯Ϊвòôɡ
ˣں

аҲǳ̾Ϣһ
컯ĳͻһ˴뱲ӵʱ䶼ûнֻܼϣѪ罬֮ǰܹҵŴ˵еġ̫޼Ԫɹˡ
̫޼ԪɹѧŴʮѧ֮ף컯ȱݺһݣ׵Ľ
Ǿ㵽ΪֹҲû֪ŴеĿ湦
Ŵ˵еĵһѧʷĳʧʱѾ̫̫ˣ
ʦǶδ£ֻҪڵ£ֺαع࿼أ
ȻЦ
ʦа˵ĳزͬʼձһѵ״̬ƺа˵ЩǷڱϣ޹һ㡣
аҡҡͷ̾˿ٶ˵
컯ѾˣҲ뿪ˣʲô£㵽Ұɡ
а˵ţһ뿪ҡ
һȣ
ͻȻ֮䣬忪ڽסаˡ
ʦмҪİ
а˽һͣȻͣ

ʱȥͽҲҵɹȰߣǼˣҵĶھ˲ٵĹע
Ͼŭܶ˶ˡ
黹Ǻܿ챻廹ѹȥЩԺǽܿ챻ⱻ˿ڲ
ҶųϢǣĸ׼ؽһʾء
Ȼܶ˻Ǿ֣ҲȫŷҲһԽɡ
Ҳûж˹עˡ
ټϵڶ죬ȷʵľҲϺõľϣԾûж˻ˡ
ҹһյ鷿š
ҹս֮У鷿ûܵս¥֮һ
ʦйģ
忪ڵ
Ķ棬һϴźߣû٣ֻֻ۾¶ˣվһ
Ȼʱʦаû˵һѾ𰸡ʦǧȷʵо˾ʦе쳣ҲоСúԼϢʧⲢܼʱϹҪԭ
ҪԭܵȥӣҲվԼǰˡ
ϻ˸ûнңҲûжУֻһȺ˴ûйעģҲֻǸʱûбںɫС
ǣ
˵˵ͷɴ䡣
ϻҾ֪һȡµжģһйȻӡ֤ҵĲ²⡣ӣѾǵıɱĿˡ
֪
嵭ĵ˵ͷֹܳԸԼЩ˵ľѾԶ
û⣬ϵǿھӦҲǵĽںĴɱˡǸʱӦҲڸɣʲô𣿡
ֻһӰٶ̫ˣͿ
ҡҡͷ
Щ̫ˣͲκεĻᷢ˿⣬ȻǣǶԷ̫࣬ʵ̫ǿҳҲ˿ı䲻ʲô̫嶯ֻǶһ˰ˡ
ţôǶԵġ
˵ͷȻԵֻԼ£˵ľȷģҲǵġ
ԣǵټˣ
ţ
Ŀޱ飬ֻصĵ˵ͷ򵥵Ķ鷿ڵնʱȻһ䣬ƹ¶һ˿Цݡ
ȴôãȵľ˵Ϣڵжʱˡ



675 
ϵˮԣһƬ޴լۡ۴αƬլۡĸۡҪ
ǳ˵լۡڳϵİն֪ǳĸĲҵǳ֮࣬ס鱦Ҷ˴ĲƸΪȴƺʩ̣ʩеؤƶ
Щѵĵ軧Ҳȥǵ
ڳߡ
Ǵʱ˿̣û֪˵ĸʬҰһѾߡŮūͺԵڸط
ЩʬϣһȺۼһ
ⶼȥһˣ½ôû
ѵ½ıɱˣܵģ½ᵶǹ룬кǿʲôܹɱ
ȥ̽Ϣ𣿡
УҸ䱸ɭϣǸû

һȺȥ겻½ᡰʧˣǶţȻĻᷢ
죬֪ǰ½Ūˣ˶
һİСֻһҵĺˣ㷲
ʲôڻǲ֪𣿡
ħߵĺһͷ
ûɱ½ģûˣǿȥҪ֪뿪֮󵽵׷ʲô
֪ʲôɣ
ҡҷͻȻ֮䣬һῡʵ⴫ʱһƬȻ
ʲôˣ
һȣ˷׷׿⣬Ҳ룬˹ȥȻûǷ˹ȥ¡һŵһߺ˵ʬ·ʯһ㣬˴ݺ˽һ˴ĵϡ
λΥˣ
Ӱã⣬һϮɫ磬ЦݣһƵĿż˽
㣡
壬кɫ䣬ǻһڣԡǺӦǡûмġôһ˵ǲС
ʱһѾҪˣʱǾԲӦ÷ġ
ߣôˣͣҲüˡ
Ц
Щ˽ϮΣ⻹һμǵ
ҵ֣
ǽ˲䵹̳УӰų˽
ãߣ
ɫ䣬̳УҴƳһֻۣԺ棬Ӱ飬ٶǧһȫǶĺ֡
ǶҵȻ֪ǵĳѨȻǵԼҵĺ֡
ڵݵλǸһӦĸֳǧĻֻеһСֶѡ
ԸЩˣʨӲã㾡ȫȻǸҶԼ֣ͱܹ뿪
飬һ̤֪ԣҲû룬ԾѸٵʧڹ̳С
ߣܵ𣿡
忴źܵķ׷û׷Ϊ˶ԸЩˣ֪˶ٸ֣ⶼܣǾˡ
ҲҪ£֣һСӡ
ֻҪСӣҪЮˣһܡ
ɱ֮ӣһάǡ

һȺ˿˷ذΧһŭ𣬶򵨱һȣһͬʳһ㣬˹ȥ
𶯣һĺںУһڹľ⻷ͻȻЩ˵Ľ¡
ʮ˻Ϣǣһ׺ݵɱ塣

Цһ˲ƿն飬ʮÿ˶ӡһƣһ̣ʱ·ͣʮ˷·𱻵ѨһŸƣͣڸͬĵطһ
ˣ
ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ѪͻȻЩ˵ڱͬٴ뺣һ㣬ƺƵ׷ӿڡ
ֻһͨͨУʮ˷׷Եڵϣԭߴͬˮһ㣬׷ױһ߾߸ʬڵϡ
ʲôа
ܣ

ԭǰ˶Ը壬ǿʮͬ˲䱻ɸʬһ֣е˲䵴Ȼ޴棬תѸܡ
䣬кһָţܵļңңһץ˲ϢƺƣһӴϱ
˻ûӳɣ島סԭأڵѪڴ컯£ȫһɹɵѪӿڡ
ЩѪ˳ȫë׺Ѩϣӿȥ˲䱻ոɾõЩѪȫϢ˲١
Ǵ컯ﵽһѾòŽСڶֺԼʵ£嶼غͶԷ֫Ӵܹͬʩչ컯
ͨͨ
УǼѪ֮󣬷׷׻ɸʬ˵ϡ
µһа
ǿ
忴һʬӿһ쳣ǿĸоԴӽ½ɹ컯֮⻹һʵսʩչаһѧ
Щ˱ҲǼĸ֣µһаǰȴ޻֮׾ͽǼʮһա
̫ˣɵĹлǿҵľøУ鲻ԽУ޷԰ΣֻҪͣո
쳣ǿ֮УΪѪɱ¾֮
ԺѸһͷһѩĹâȵѪͬ޷ƵѸٵıѹȥ
컯ɱ¾УҪԶСǿĶ࣬ҲԿƵĶࡣ˵ԿƣҲȶԿ˸ѡ

һĲҽдӶߴսʱԶĻҪĶࡣ֪Щ˾ҹɱҵףļĸȫŭɣһƴȫΧЩˡ
ÿһߣٶΧ£˼ʮ֣³֪
֮ӣⲻ˶õģ
˻ΪǱģ

ͻȻһ˻ߵ˻һĺ˫ĿͻȻҧݼĶҡܿ죬һƵĺѪǵĿͨͨһ˷׷Ե˵ϣһ
ÿ죡
ɫһ䣬Щ˺Ͷ˵һģһȻݼ˾綾ҡֻҲû뵽ǾȻ˵Ĺܶûгһ£ֱҧɱ
ֻһͻָЩжôĽҲжôľһΣҪκεϢǾܣ
Ѿˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬һۻӹҳдһƿУа˴ƮƮӿзԾ
飬а˻ûأһһӰص䵽ϣǰܵģϴħߵĺ졣
ⳡжаΪľǷֹܡ½ô׺ݿ񱩵Ĵڣаǰ˳ֻһ˵ˡ
ӣ˱ȫжѾȫ
һſ׵ĸߴӴŨѸܹǰһ


676 أ
ȥɡ
һӣ˵ͷ
ģⳡսĽ˿ϡǷ󣬾ǺӵĴڡ
ھΪ˸۵ʱ
˶ȥţҵȥأûҵ˭׼
һתͷԼʦаˡ
ʦ鷳ˡ
ߣҲ֪ʲôôֹޡ
а˻ǰܾ
Щ˸Ҷ廹С֣Ѿеļɻ䣬岻˵ҲԳ֣һвˮʯȻ
ۣ֮ŭа˵ġۡյͽС
˭Ҷǣ˭͵
ˣ
аָţĺεضһǣ£а˵С
а˵˫һգһŨŨĺû˺ͷ­֮С
а֮У˼аš
аΪаһַ֣֪Ÿǲ֮߰ࡣҪ֪࣬а뢣òȥÿ̿ʣΪе඼ֱܹӵ֪
ˣ
ʱȥаվһ˫أڿУ鴤ѣﻹһƺž޴ʹࡣ
аķţر漰ֱĿԺмķţǼİԵ̣ӵкܴĺ֢
󲿷ֳаĿ꣬ԲܵشΪ׳ա
վа˵ԣԼʦڴԼʱаҲһþ󼰵Ĵڡ
޲Щ˵Ϣ˾͸Ӳˡ
κ鶼ԭץסЩ˵죬Ӧú֪ܿǵĿġ
а
أⷬû岻֪ܡЩ˾ͺ񲻴ʷκһ䣬ûйǵκμ䣬еһжһŨŨ֮С
ʱȥ֪˶ãа
ʦô鵽ʲô𣿡
ǰһе
ľƣ
Ԥϣа˲ûش壬ǳľ̾һ
ݺ缸ʮأǵһǿ󣬶ľšˡ
һ䣬аתͷ壬һ˿ǡ
ʦǲûв鵽
пһͻȻһֺܲõԤСʦַӦԲǵֵӡ
󣬵ʲôʦаһֶ˵ġ
ߣôܣǵĽƷҲȫѵסҡ
а˺һüͷ΢΢һһŵζ
ԷһľƸ֣ؼļȫֻҪóȻЩͻᱬҲȻй¶κεϢˡ
˵һ仰ʱаһָָָеĺ졣
¶ǾԵģϷΣҲǴвһЩǵϢЩԳΪo֮ӣƺΪ׷һλ顣ߣЦ
˵а֮Աǡ
Ϊаĵһ֣а˴Ӳʲô飬ʲô顣ֻһЩ޴˱Ū˶ѡ
ңĴ飬ԼǾһλ飿
һЩ޴ļһװŪѡ
аĿߵ磬ǿʳԶ˲ƵĻԭν飬УҲЩʵǿ߶ѡ

飿
ü˼ϢȫԤϡ
ˣȻֻһЩŪģ˵ĳЩǻЩ֮֮ǰɱͷޣΪʦǵļ֪Ƕǳ֮Ϊ½ᣬԳ鴴ȻҲΪܹƵϡ񡯣ͷȷʵ
а˵棬ѵõĵ˵ͷ
һͷȸԸ˵ĹޣԲʲôȻĲа˾ͨˡǧƳеķûа취
⣬Ȼǵľ֮ǳһǴвһЩ˿켣Щˣû⣬ӦöǴġΪʲôûǴڵļ¼

ԣüͷʱ΢΢һĿڵءЩ˵ĳѨ
ʦ鷳ˣ
һܿعͬʱһ֡
ˣЩͳͳȥ
²һ죬ЩȫڳϢ٣֪һ򵥵ܹݡ
ǣӣ
Ӧȥǹ׼̧ϵĺ뿪ʱͻ𡪡
飬˵Ƥ£ħߵĺͷ­ͻȻ׵ıըѪĭΧɷԲ
طҲıը졣

󷽾һɧ
ӣˣ
ӣץ֪ΪʲôͻȻͷ­ըˣ

ͻȻҴҵĴӺ˹
һɲǼ䣬ΧնȻһ䡣忴صԽƬɫһӱѿޱȡЩЩ£ڣȫˡ
ˣ벻ǵķӦô죡
аҲɫһķӦ廹Ҫ죬ϸոճ״Ѿˡ˰ġ
Ȼųµһа֣ھȴ̫óǸܹЩԺ½Ƶˣڴ˵֡
Щ̫ˡ
üͻͻֱ
ͷ­ԲԵ޹ʵıըĿǺ˱ѾаˣӦ˽ϵı仯ŻֱЩԺеĽƣֱը
һɲǼ䣬üӹһ˿ԷĽԶȻѾ̽鵽˶Էһ˿Ǹ֮
ҶԷֶ񣬲½ỹЩ΢ľƣЩֶζȫԽ롣ܿͻָ
ߣǵķӦж죬Ҳжһ죬ǻᱻҳ׾ģץסǵһΣץסǵڶΡ
ȻԷٵؼ̣廹ǻԼҪĶ
ҵȥ׼˰ɣ
ǣӣ
һƺƵж׵Ľ

εķ𣿡
ҵĸۡϣبһۣһ̴̫ʦϣһһڵŲ裬ɶ⡣
˷ϲ¾ˬبĺ⣬Ȼ൱Ĳ
һ˵õȮ죬¹ͣҶǴ⣬ب󲮸ܵ˳͢ķͣһĹٷͿó
بĵģķ⡣ҲԼҪĿġ
Ѫһپ٣һϵ˵⡣
ؿƼ򵥣ȴϵһȨӺͳõĸκһܹõضС¡˵Ȼͬˡ
Ѿˡ⼸죬ҰѴƵķس׵ķ˷׵㿴һ顣ڰҳһõĵط
بЦеķеĲյָһһͼᣬһ죬һŴƵİͼǰ
֮£Ī¤Ѿѡˣءط󣬵ȴ主˰һܴﵽʮꡣڲҪǮõѡ񣡡
һ䣬
򵥵ļ֣ȴبʱǱеĽǶ壬ͬʱҲǶһõĽ
ֻҪأԺûͣҲûٳʲô֮ţһҲض
Ҫ˥һϣҲҪĳɰܼһʱÿ塢Ӳ֮
εġżԵ
Ҳبô˷ܵԭ


677 ǳؾӪ
󲮣ԵãѾˡ
ͻȻڵֻһ仰بĻ̫ʦϣب̣һƬ㵡
ڷص⣬Ҳ˺ܾáȻԵزǶ˵һط˵ӵʺϡ
ᴵ˿ڲϵĭڲ裬鲨
Ѿ뷨ˣ
ب۾ԺȫӦòϣĻȫԤϣ
ҪأĸطԵظã
ˣ
һָب̯İͼϣ¤һ۵λϵһ¡ǸλãبϵЦһѱƽ
ڿЦ𣿡
بƤһӦڿЦ˵ˣֻڰͼϵ˵طǿһ棬ǿЦӣһɫࡣ
ص鲻С¡֪ڶҴ壬ȨĽʥʽһǼʮδеĴ£ƣ˾ʦ֮⣬ֻҪԸ⣬洦ȡĪ
ԼֶبһǼĿأҲĳ̶ֳϣȶԼĶӻҪء˵һӣһһĵһˣԼĶ룬ب᲻ˣΪ٣Ϊ֮
һȴȫͬ
ˣ֪ʲôط𣿡¸޴¤ҡѡûб¤õˡңȻڶʹ¼У͸溲һЩͻǣصǱµּ⣬溲һָֻšŪˣǶ㣬ǶҶĪĺôȴҪƶ߽һĲë֮ؽһأ㵽ôģ
بⷭ˵úأֱͦӣԼֶӵޱȡ
ˡطبûʲôӡġڵͼϵѡǸλãبȴ֪ġѡĵط΢һ㣬ʲôطبƫƫѡ·ϵĲë֮ءȫ˷˳͢壬ҷʹ͵ı⡣
Ǻǣ󲮣֪ںԽܡôҵĵ
ЦǰϵĲյһڣ鵭һ㶼ûнŵ˼
Ϊʲô
ܵب̬ȵӰ죬بһ̬ȶٻһЩ
Ǻǣ󲮣ȷʵƶʲôԣ֮ءϸһ£ʲôط
˵ָڰͼĻһ£һبûǵڶͻȻƤһʶʲô̽ŵ
˵˿֮·
˿֮·
ЦѡġˡԶһ·Ŵжڣպ˿֮·
·£
بһǰ壬һ˼ɫҲĲ֮ǰôˡС˿֮·ҲºպĻƽ֮··ϣ֪ٶôϣ˿ϡ鱦աҶƾ̵ĺ̺ˣᾭ·
޴Ļ۲࣬˾޴·ϴ˴ĺ̾޼֡
Щ̵ĺһͣ顢觡˵һ㡣
ĶǴ׬ȡĶǺܶһӶĲƸҴҲҪ̾ѼҪ̶ȣ֮·ǵ֮µһҪԻҪԶϵġŵ֮ϡ
ĳ̶ֳϣ֮нյĸ͸̵ͨ˿֮·ҲҪӹС
󲮣ԵعȻǱϾˮٸҲǶʮ򣬵е˿֮·ͬǴ󺺳ǰֻǱ°֮ĵһ飬Ǵͨͨ˿֮·۹̵ӳ̶ȿ֪
һŵ
󲮣ʦеĺжôԣҲ֪ġЩḷ́ʳˣ֧鱦ˣÿ겻Զƣ϶оĲƸûУôÿ̵ͨĲƸǵжôӴ󣿡
⡭
بһӳĬˡƳ֮͢·жôӣһب廹ҪΪģΪȫʥʵ⡣
ƣ͢⣬û˸ʥʵľ
Ҳ̵һֱܳͨԭ
ңһ˵û֮·ȷʵ˵ĸÿĲƸܲ͢ĻԼ㣬˵ˡ
Գ˼Ҫ·Ͼȡ棿
ţ
صĵ˵ͷĿ䣬͸һ˼Զɫ
ǣûáóףЩǶŵ⣬˿Բֵġʱ˿֮·ͨ·Ҵ壬ݲҵĻǶһ֡Ǻܿ췢֣򡢴ʳ֧ǸͨĵҵԣҲмȥѧϰټϣʳ֧ȥ̫Զһ·ֶĻ죬Իû˿ԲκϽȥʦЩң壬Ҳǳ˼ʧ֮󣬲ų׵ķ˼
㡣뷨ͦáʵʲ̫С
˵بҡҡͷ壬¶һ˿ǡܹ뵽е˿֮·ҪеҰģһֵÿ϶ġ
Ȼǰһп̫ˡ
ܷһô꣬ʦôȨͰеϷָɾˣôֵңֵڡ
ϴսȷʵչ¶˲׵ıŻǣ̵Ͼͬ壬Ҳͬʱ
Ǻǣ󲮣ˡ
ԷЦ
ҲҪ˿ϡ鱦⣬ʳ֧֮·һһҲֻôһ⣬ʽתʱ̫ˡ
ʽת
بӹһĨɫܿͻζԼֶġˡѾϰˡǾ䡰˭Ц˭Цáھʦ˾֪
Щ⣬ʲô
بЩͿˡ֮·׬Ǯľ˿鱦ϡƾʲô׬Ǯ
ֶبȫ͸뷨ˡ
Ȼǽһǳ׬ȡЩ˵ˣ
ЦţеĲ豭һˮĽ˴ưͼϣ˿֮·ĵطһгبĿŴưͼ϶ıӣһ˵
󲮣
ƿӣվ
֮·񣬵·;ңԶνҹζ࣬Ϊԭ·ϵ˺УټϵθӣԳ͢ŽֹνֹҲ޹
֮ǰΪͿʯҵ˿֮·ĵ˺𡣵Ҳֻһ֮ǰװԺҲİɡֻҪͻŽ
һ£һǳе·ϣöõõôԸԸеãÿһ֧һֻ޴̶ӣٺˣǧˣôÿͣһգǲСĻѡ᲻ԸӪеⷽ൱󷽵ġ
һЩ˾ۼˣʱȡ˰ΪĳǳػôأϾǶŵأ
ͷ΢ЦŻͷԼĴب


678 ǿ
棬ĴبĿɿڴֻһأѹû뵽ȴԼȥһǳء
ب𶯵ģ˵һ仰·ȷʵкܴ̻ɹİ˵ǾĶһŵ⡣
˿֮·ϣǽΨһһǳأҲվеˣ򣬻֧ʳģֻҪҪӪƲȥǳء
Ƶ۹֪ٺңȨҪ֮·ϲһ֣û˳ɹԭܼ򵥣һȻ˵û
һǴѾܶ겻صûзأû˿˿֮·ǳء
ʥ˿֮·ӣ͢һͨ
ڣȴѾȨبòϣԼĵ͹ֶҪģԼҪöࡣ
һɹˣпܣҵջҪԵָ֮滹Ҫöࡣ
忴ŶԱԼ𺳵Ĭ˼Ĵ󲮣ЦǳؾӪ˼·Ǹ粢ʲô˵Ķ
磬ȻһģδĶ
ڻֻһ⣬ǳ޽ͬСɡرִ޵еĶǺķѼޡǳ͢ϣ˵֮·ϽһǳءңǰΪ֧ԮϣѾķеĽʥʹ͵ƽ޽һǳأ
بʵ
ϵʨӳǻǺܴ󣬾ѾķѼˡһһճǡֻߡƶ֮أһǳصѶȺͳɱԻԶϵʨӳ֮ϡ
ҿǵ廹пҪнһЩջʲô֮ģǾͺķѸޡһҿ֧ŵ˵ġ
Ҫ޵Уһķأֺķѣþʦ󲿷ֹϡǿĴȴηȴ
Ǻǣ͸ˡʦôҡȨ󣬴ѵǮ𣿡
ȻһЦΪΪΪ֮սѾָһ㡣
ֻǹʼʩѡ
ʵϣڣʦ棬֪Σڵȴźĺ
ã
ĻبͻȻһӣ̫ʦվ˵Ҫ˷صʱʼЩŭڣبеŭѾһɨգĿѩڡ
ı츳ҴӲɣ̵ϣһû˱о̵ͷԡұĵĻͷԡ֪ʦ󽫣Ϊ֮Լ¼ɱ֮ϵ츳ԽǿԽߣµĻͻԽ󡣡
ұһֱϾ㻹̫СڣѾ׷ˡ
بɫ󣬿ϲޱȡƥ·϶ŵȷʵҲ޴Ļ
彫ʦȨҴһһоȫͬǾ൱ʦȨҴ嶼վһ
ֻƾһҾڳڲ֮أġ֮ҵ
ԺĲ볯͢ΪʵȨȨһɣڵԵҲԿԳΪ͢ص
بϿ˵үӵĺۼ
بܿ뿪ңǴ뿪ġֶԶôĽܳԶôİب뿪ʱ򣬽Ųʵ࣬ͷ­Ҳĸߡ
ֶˣ򸴺
δֺγܴأ
Ȼب֪뿪֮ܿ찲ˣĿϣµŴưͼϣĿֻµġ˿֮·ͣƬ̣ĿһתܿѸƣ˴Ƶ

ب֪֮ԼְѷؽˣΪµ˿֮·ΪңԶ򣬴Ƶİ϶
˿֮·ĸ֮·ƽ֮·ȴǴ϶ߣÿһ겻֪ٴƵʶǴﾭġ
ɽ¥Ȼ壬û֪۹һΣڴעⲻĵطһʹһǿĵ۹Ĵ֣̽˴Ƶ
һ۹֮һս
֮սͬμⳡսĴʿֻ˵İԶûϵʮ϶ö࣬ⳡսˣܵĴưҲԶûдﵽ֮
ʵϣܲģֻЩ˶ѡ
ԶӰ죬ȴԶԶ֮սΪⳡսӰ
֥Ȼͬϣһȫ㣡ϣ㲻Ҫʧ
а
ȻֻȴıǵˮƽѵˮƽˮƽȫǴƵ۹ǿġ
͹ȥıȫǴƸ޿Լ߷֮ǿġң䱸Ҳ䷱࣬ǳ󣬾֮࣬ﵽһңڲֿﻹࡣ
ƣı
⣬Ӻ׿ֽĴƣӵǿӰ죬֥Ƿˣԣó֮裬ƱȻֻ࣬ǷɵĴȴʮ֮߰࣬Ԧ֮ǿ
ˣƱ٣ս֮ȴǿټϸ֥ͷⳣԷɵġ۹˫赡˳˵۹ǿػߡ
ΨһǵģĲߺͱߡ
һս£ֻǷɵĶʮ֮Ĵư
ҪòԮǲܵ£
ҲǴƵġ۹˫赡޷ֲȱͬʱҲǴƺͼ֮أĴʳ۹ⳡ֮㡣
˿֮·ϵķأΪⳡδսŬһһ޴ĳǳΪ·ϵľá£ԼڷתվԼأ£еıѸٵУ䵽򣬳ΪսĺڲѸٵıԴ
岻ȡµ¤ԵأȴҪѡƶߵ˿֮·Ͻصԭѡ˿֮·ϵġˡѡطԭҲǳ򵥡
Ϊӵ磬Ƶ۹ǿͬʱҲʵıԴ
ǳƽ٣Ƶĳһ޴ĴУΪЩߵʵʵ˵ôǿ
ԭЩһ˵ĵط⵽ǿĵֵ̤Ƶ֮󣬵һξͳ˲ٵ
ǸʱĴƣЩ˵ߣ̫ӣעȻڸ߾ͻʡگ˹Щ֮ϡ
ֱƵľĺЩ߽֣߹һ㲻ϵܣ֪ʲôɾһйǧ֪Щжôǿ󡢿¡
Ϊ±Ԫ˧֮󣬰Щ˵Ĳбȫ缯һõǧˣѵպȴΪ£ǿ׺ͬʱҲҳϣųǿġ
ϣ£Щﶼӵмǿսң˵ľ⣬书Ĳϣһ㣬µͬ˶Ȳϡ
ֻϧע⵽ʱѾֻʣǧˡʹ۷ʱڵˣųˡ
۳Ů˺СҲྫ׳ӡ
ϧЩڵµʱȫսˣ
嵱ź
ǧ˵Ѿ˵ƽٺڵսһлͻýȻͬ


679 ݲǳأ
һȻӵ˽صȨ;ԲŹᡣǿʿ־ڱصõĿꡣ
մƵĹأһｨǳأΪأô˵ĴӾĹϽΧ˭޷ᡣ
⽫պıˣܴƵ룡
ЩҲճˡ
ԺͷץϵĴưͼ뿪˷䡣

ʲôȻѡƶ񤡢֮ΪԼķأ
ôôõĻ᣿
˷ѰҾȻ˷ôõĻᣡӴĻᣬ᲻ҲͰˣبΪ͢ϳôҲȰȰôģ

ѡңԶΪԼصϢھʦ֮˾޴Ĳ˶ðʧľˡ
ѡһ鸣أҴ붼飬ҾȻѡһƶ񤡢ߵķأԴ벻ġ
ߣ̫߹ǣȻѡˣǾ֪ͨٶȰöҹζ࣬ҷڵĻᡣ
ϢһЦѵҷֵͼĴǾԲ׷Źİ°϶ǶõĻӦ
ȻĵⲢûܹãܿ췴תˡܿ쾩оʹϢ֮ѡΪԼķأǿе˿֮·
ңе˿֮·Ͻһ޴ĳǳأΪͣЪĵطҪｨջ¥ҴʣΪõĲأͬʱṩǱҪı
Ϣھ޴ĺ䶯ȶϢӦǾӴḷ́е򡢴ʳ֧ȫӵңһϵѯʹǳصϢʲôʱж󣬾ṩЩ
Щȫǹĵݡ
˿֮·ǶҪӴģԹĲƸ主̶ȣŴ˲֪˲
;Լ;Զ𲻵ĵˡʼ˵֮ʹ壬׼˿֮·ǳصϢһʱ˾ʦк̵ע⡣
ҲǶĵˡ
һǳܹṩͬʱˡʱ豣ǽк̶ּɣԸȫֵ֧¡
ŸϢ˳ڻĵ죬оеӵܴѾʥʹ͵ƽ𣬸ʹĹľʦ֮ȫȨ¡
֮Ѿߵĸӣʼȫļ֡
ӵܣΪ֮ߵĸӵཻãǰ֪ϢҺ֮Ǳ߻ڷϢ״̬
ܿиϢųѾеĴң·ϵķأҲ׼еĳǳؽ죬ԼеĿջ¥ҶԸʦҴ忪ţһ˿֮·ϵľ޴
һʯǧˣϢʦеҴ嶼Ҫˡеġ˿֮·жô˶ģر彫Ҫĳǳػ˿֮·ϵΨһأûܺ
Ķ⣡
Ը⽫˿ţôЩҴջ潫ģҲͬͨ⣬ⲻһʶϵܹУҶܹԴԴϵ
ûܹܾ飬һ忪ӣҶΪ˼ԴͷѪ
ب̬Ҳܿˣ彫Լķضˣȫ֧֡بҲųľҵľ
˽ǵ飬½ȫ֧֡
ı̬һ˲ʹá˽ǡΪʦעĽģҼΪԳ˽Ʊݷҡ
彨ϰʹ˽
ҵͽˣΣҪ㾡ȫļȰ˵Щˡ
鷿ҵԶȡϵһƣݸҵ
ҵƣҪʱԴͥΧгӣж˳һζҲѽǣ㲻ֹҪǿҪʱҪǻۡȡʤ
ǣĩ
ҵһ˿ɻɫܿ챧ȭһ
ҵ֪ʲôˣûȥҲ֪Ϊʲôôӣ˵ְǷӣҵţʲôһбôɡ
ҵƣܿת뿪ʱֻʣһˡ
ΧһƬžйâã¶˼ɫ˳ײ۷ˣĻҲôҲûܽǣںߵĶôˡ
ҵ嵹ǺܵġҵϾδͨ󽫣ܹƾ˵ıһսҲƾ˵Ӯô˵׷档
һǺܾͨսˣܹƾһ֮ʿתһģսҲֻҵһܹ
ҵ۷ˣ˾͸Ӳܡ
͸취ǳˡ
Ժһͷܿعƿţ߳鷿
ҵĴһϤӰɫ緢ҵ̫ʦȻԵõĺŲ衣
ӣ
֮߳һͷæ²豭λվ
˺ܾ˰ɡ
һ˹ȥ֮һµƣȻĶ
Ǻǣ˵ڻͣǲҪŵģֻû뵽û֪ͨӾѾˡ
֮Ц
ʱ䣬ҴӦûٰɡ
һ豭һڵ
Ǻǣйӵĸ˶˿֮·ϵǸأһˣʦ漸а˳ɵҴ嶼ҹˣֽƱ觡ɺ䣬յֶҪˡ
ʣµɣ󲿷Ҳʵ֪壬֪ѶˣԲû
һ֮ҪЦúϲ£ʱ壬Ϊ˿֮·ص飬˾ʦķˣܹӳǶһֱŵǰʽʱֱ
ӣôˣյЩ°Щ˸գЩ˲գѡЩ˽빫ʾ
ΪʲôҪȫ˲ˡ
ʧЦϵĵһ㣬Žϸϸľ׽һЦĿ֮

˵֮ƤȻ˵Ҫ˵Ķˣֱ֮붼ġ
ǶҴ尡ֱһù
ǣ˼ԸͣΪʲôգҲҪ޷ֵ⣬˶Ǯǳؽǡʱڳǳｨľ¥ջ¶ֲ˸ǵĳŵ𣿡
ЦЦ
ģ˵֮ľѡ˳ɵҴ壬ȻҪݲȫս֮붼ġ


680 ƻ
ǳأһĽҷѼ޵ľ޴󹤳̡֮Ϊľʦʱĵľʽ㣬¹̰;ϡ
ڣѾＯʽ𣬽üǳض´࣬ѾǼʮƽô򵥡
ƽһΣ֮Ȼõʽ⣬ʱû˿ľϲЩǣΪǡ
ҴǮôյģ
ӣͬСɣϣذ
֮
ЦȻ֪֮ڵʲôĿĽֻ׬ǮôҴǮȻǸ⡣
֮ⲻھƣ׬ǮֻǱˡҳǳԽ޴ɵҴԽܹ࣬ṩİҲܹҴõԴ֧֡
ĳ̶ֳϣʹԼķӵӰ
ΪߣҪзǷ۹һ֮߱ġ
һţͲصˡ
嵭ȻһЦһ˵ţһһָ
⣬ǳؽ飬ϣܾճ̡һ£һ£ȥмľϡʱ䣬ϣһ֮ڣͰǳؽɡ
ˣ
Ļ֮һ͵̧ͷǳؽһǺʱԽĳǳأķѵʱԽ
һͨĳǳأķһʱȫġôҴǮҪȫһǳأһҪһ깤ֱǲܵ顣
ǺǣΪѵ϶Կگ˹أɽϵĸ֮𣿡
ƺ֮е뷨ȻһЦ
ǾҲ
֮Щˡ
һ֮ڽһӴĳǳأֻɵ漣ҪͲܡ
ͨĳǳصȻܣǸ֮ǾͲһˡ
ЦţͷҲص֡
䣬Ѷɣ
أŴ򿪣⣬̧һֻ׼õĴ˽ոջǳ֮ƺϵһ㣬ֻӹһЦϯûȴӷȾͳ˹ȥһӵĸӡ
ҹȻûϴӹȻ׼
֮һɫͼֽᣬüɫ裬һ̽৵ľһﻹ֮ǰһǳӡ
ৣ
ɫͼֽ򿪣һµģӣԿĽṹͼǰͼֽƣԿڽͣĻľʦҲƳܡ
󲿷˿ⶫʲô֪
Ǻй֮ǰɽ桰֮ǽľ飬֮һ۾һŸǽĲͼֽһǴĳ޴ģӵģϵġ֮ǽҪΰöĴͽ
ĲƸӣϵʱҾ֪һὨһĸ֮ǡҵԤйȻûдһµʱȻЩ̣Ǹ֮ǵĻԸ⾡Ŭƴеȥܵ
֮ĿѩĻϵİɫͼֽͺĲƸҴ͵ЩȷʵĶǶһģľʦ˵ֻΰĽͼֽĶĲƱ
֮ǣ
ȻĻֻӴһС֣Ƕ֮˵һûκ£κˣκζܱϴδֹĸǳظܹע
ڣκˣʥּҪҲǾԲܷӲ˳ġ
һţţš֮ϵĴһͼֽ鼤
忴һĻЦ
Դӻ֪Է֮Ͱŵ˿֮·ϵĸ֮ϡʱޣǳսܿͻʱȥһǳء
ģ黯죬һδֵġ֮ǡõѡ
ģ黯죬Ҫһڴһ֮ҲܡӴģӵĹ̾ԲκһңκһţȨܹɵ˵ġ
ƫƫӵĲ֣
ʦҴ
Щ˽֮󣬽ЩʦдССҴĲ˶££ƵʵԼƻмҪġ֮ǡ
ƻɹʵֵʱѾһ˽Լصˣƣڰ彨ķأ
췽ҹ̸飬ҪӴȨڴƵʷϣǰδֹڣϣֶҴ붼齫ֱΪʵ
֮ǵͼֽѾȫнҪĶҽȫܣ⣬һĴңԼееĽ¥ǣһ棬ȫǣ
֮һϲӣһЦ²豭λվ
⣬ҵǮ֮ԵеĽ¥̡ɽأʼĽƻˣ
дˡ㹫Ӳ˵ҲȥġĹ˼ӲĻ뼴̸ǣʽǰڵ׼
֮һ
һľʦ˵ܴһʷӴ󹤳̣ǽľʦ롣
һ·ϹģӴģĸ֮ǣܴﵽ
֮ܿ뿪ˣͼֽʮҵĻ빬㰵иһֱؼңͺŵĲͼֵֽǵ䱦һ

ھͲһˣ
ȵ֮뿪ͷţָʶöӣԺһͷҪı۹ı䰲ˣԶԶ˿֮·ϣһǳؾ͹ġ
ͬģҲһЩʿܹġ
ҪһݵĽİ⣬ЩԶԶ㡣ļƻУٴлǷȱһ衣
ȥ⣡
Ӽ߳һ·ֽ󴩹ţֱ˳һɽ塣ççȺɽУһƽģ˹Ŀ󳡣ɽ¡
󳡵Χ䱸ɭϣʮļʿִػ档
ҵĴ£
ΪأһĸϵͳЩʿүүЩϲ͹ģǾϸѡǧһսʿһʵҼɿ
صĵط
ӣ
֣һӰææӿ˳ߵԱߣһ
䣬ǰͲضˡ
˰ֹ֣Ŀһתܿ˿
Ұŵ׼ôˣ
عӣеʯҡճѾ׼ˡ⣬չӵķԸҲټ˴ˮǽеơ
Ծ乧
ţȥɣ

δ䣬һѾ󲽳ſȥԾ仹Ҫ졣


681 սԣˮ࣡һ
һȫµĿ󶴣
ھӵо޴ӰټӴĲԼھеӰҪӵһȫµĿ󶴣ȫ׾ٵ¡
󶴣ǰȻһȵۣڿǰĳ
һѶѰɫʯңͺɫճͬСɽһڡЩճѺʯҶԱ߲Զĵطһɽµˮ۴ж
ˮ۵ĲԶվʮǳḻˮ
μү
еˮһ̬ǳĹ
ؾ񣡡
˰֣һ˵ţһ߽˶ڡǳĿȻôҲԲ⣬еĹ죬ˮۣͨڣһжŷǳ׵

Ŀɨ˷΢΢˵ͷȻһжǰ˼ģǾԼҲǵһε
ȥһػ⣬ߺкңҲɸΧػ
忪е
񵱳κҵĿȸһʱǿ̣뵽ｫȸֱ
һǧɽƵȸֱѾ֮սдŹʣȫ˵ע⡣
ǰ󶴣Ȼƽֻ֪δҪĶ±ȸԴƻҪҪĶࡣ
Ϊ彫ҪͨͨĿҪ족ģδȻԸııƵġˮࡱ
岻ϵ˼һ⣬磬Ƶ۹˵޴ŵʲôʣӦǵشﲩ
ôȱʲôأ
ȻԸϣóĴ𰸣ͬǡشﲩ
κ鶼˫ԣƵشﲩζӵӴ˿ڣӴԴӴǿĻָ
ͬشﲩζӴ˿ڣԴҪʱת˳ɹ
δСµս׼ֳģֺķҾ޵شȱݡ
֮սƿôӴıôĵ۹󽫣޺ͻشʮ˳ƶʱ򣬴ƾȻȫһ֧Ԯ
Ȼ˵иܱߵǣƵԭ򣬶ҪģӴĹȣףתˡ֧Ԯķʱ䡣
壬ڴƵľӢѾǶⳡս׼ˣǻʦ£ҹ̣Ȼһµʱ䡣
Ƿ۴ƵЩ֣گ˹أ⡣޷׼ⳡսûдꡣ
޺ͻأ뿪ԭ²սʱҲֻһɲǵʱ䡣¾սҲԲһʱ䣡
ٷԶһ㣬޵ؽ磬ӵث޽ϽңһԨͳεĸ߾۹Ҳѷ̫ǿȵս
ԨĲ׼ݣһط£طʱ֧ԮȻҲҪһЩʱ䣬ԲҪ֮á
۰Ҳֻƾһ֮Ըһ۹
ʵʢȴ㣬ں͸֮սУʼմڱĵλʳתˣңԶ·;ʹ۹ʼ㾡ȫȥԸԼĶ֡
ԸگˣԸ˹ˣԸͻˣԸ߾ˣδԸңԶĴʳ۹ͬˡ
ҪޣǧͱӴңԶվĽͨ⣬ˮࡱ˼Уİ취
һ⻬̹ƽĴҪԶ᫵ɽܹĽʡʱ䣻ܹѸٵĽƵıһط͵һطܹӱݵĽƸ޿ʳ͵ʦȻת˵Ҫս
ӵһͨ˷ǳĵ·ϵͳܹƴһǳӺ׵ӣһжݵ׳Ҳܹܱߵĸ
һ㣬κ书κε޷ﵽȡġ
ֻǸ˵䣬սԣȴֹۡκʱսԲĴֹ۶޿ȡ
ֻʮ˵У˵Уǧ˵У˵УսԴֹȴʮ˵У˵УӰǧ֮ãκζҲ޷ȡġ
ҪģҪһӴĵ·ϵͳıǿ۹ġشﲩת˺ͱ֧Ԯٶ֮ǰеΪ֮壬ıԭԸܱԶֻܴһȭȱݣ
˵ĶƵôˣ
תͷʵ
عӣչӵķԸѾЩˮƹˣĹӿһ¾֪ˡ
Ծ˵Ű뵽˿ڣһڶڲ׿ķֶֶڣһƬң϶һѶѵϸġСѡÿһѵɫϸ΢Ĳͬ
Ŀӹ롰Сѡ벻Զĵ棬ѷһѶѾӲġཬ
ӣķԸѾˮʯҡճղͬıϣƳֲͬġཬЧʼղ⣬ӿһ¾֪ˡ
Ծ
ȻΪӵܣַΪΪʥӣиҪȥȴҪصġཬôӣڳһ󶴣رԼԾ֪Ӳ޵ķʸЩƲ۵ġཬȻ弫ҪҺܹܿϵպĳЩҪƻ
ԣܱССĿ֮УԾҲҵҵ˾ְأԹԡ
û˵߹ȥ̽ЩӲġཬץһѣܿ죬һϸķĩָ©˳һĻüͷʱ
ϸķ飬࣬˵ѹ˲涼顣Ʒʵġˮࡱ޷Ҫĵ·޷ɸ۹˱֧Ԯʱļƻ
ĬƬ̣ǰ˵ڶӲġཬԱߣٴ̽һץε˺ܶ࣬һӲġཬڶӲġཬӲҪϺܶ࣬ɲһˣûʹκε
һ·߹ȥѣĶѣѡЩӲཬÿһѶвͬ⣬Щ̫࣬Щ̫ɢǲ֣ȫҪԶ
ѾЩḻˮղͬıԹˣʯҵճ߸ıˮܹ˼ֶ֮࣬סЩӲ̫ˣ죬ܿͻῪѣĩڿ
дԾ
ʱĬˣˮࡱƱеҪϺܶ࣬ȻˮࡱҪĲʱȫʲô̫ĶȫƳ˵ѣʵִԶôס
Ȼ󲿷ֵཬûãʱЩḻˮҳʯҺճϵѱҲʱջ񡣡
䣬˼ʱ򣬶ͻȻԾ仰һ͵ŤͷԾ䡣
˵Ƕཬ
վʵ
Ծһ㵣ܿعһָָԶһӲġཬ첽߹ȥ̽һץһΣཬӲȱǰ漸ζҪ˺ܶ࣬ȻɱȽϴ࣬ûдﵽҪ󣬵Ѿ˲ٵˡ


682 սԣˮ࣡
ԼʯҺһճͣЧõġ
Ծ乧
º֮ǰཬҲֻʮЦٲ
˵ͷԾʱоһЧʵƳʯҺճѱѾ൱ˡʵϣоȷ䷽ӦҲӡ
ӣȻԶԶҪܹʮˣشǧˮ·ƾǰ̶ֳȵġཬȻ㲻˵ġ
ңԾ˵ģ̶ֳȵˮ»ֻ֮ܳΪཬȻҪЩ
䣬֮ǰ˵Ū𣿡
վʵ
˵ƿ󣿼ǰѾչӵķԸ˴˿֮·ɽڵ˹˵ֿʯǲǹ˵ƿҪȷˣЩʯ
Ծ䳯һ֣ܿм̧һʯ˽
ſĺɫʯаЦ統Ȼûʲôƿˣֻǡ󡱶ѡֻֻŻܵǵӡ
ڡ󡱣Ȼֶ
Ӧþˡ
忴ſĿʯ˵ͷʯǺɫֻһЩʣԳֳɫʯвġ
һ㷴ȽϺñϡ
ڴƵʱûСĸԾһѡϳˡơһͷˮһ㷴壬٣ʱûʯϺ
ԾȥѰʯԭҲܼ򵥣ΪļУڡˮࡱʯĩԴˮӲȺճԡ
˵ʯʯճƵġˮࡱİ汾ĻôʯĩƵġˮࡱڱȽϸ߼İ汾Ѿ޽ӽɰġˮࡱ
飡
һģһʯһ£ȫ˼ϸķĩ׷״ӿӵķ϶©˳
ӣ
һ˴Ϊ⣬ԾҲɻ
䣬мˮ˵ʯҺճıһơȻٰЩʯĩӽȥˣעһ¼ˮӵˮԽ࣬Խעоѵķˮ
ϵʯĩӵվ
ϸ䣬巢Լܺһǳʯҡճ֮⣬мˮСֶҲӰ쵽ˮࡱܵġ
ԣõˮ࣬ӵ棬Ҳʧ٣Կԣ
ԾָЩˮʱҲԵ
ǣӡ
Ծ͸һ˿ɻɫǺܿ˵ͷԻķӡ
ܿ죬ˮȫæµ
ֽ⼸ʯȫĳϸķĩԼලЩˮƤ·ֳһѶѣղͬˮʯĩе䡣
͵ƵĹ˶ʱ䣬ʮµġཬղͬıѸٵڿɣؼĻǽġӲ̡
Ҫ̵ʱ䣬ֻܸɵȣʲôҲˡ
ԵúģվڿĬĬȴһ㶼ûԵòͷܹı۹˵ġˮࡱӳ̶˿ڡ֮ǡй֮޲
ʱ֮󡪡
ӣˣ
һˮͷվǰ
š
ͷһͷʾһ¡߻⣬߹ȥڵһӲġཬžץһѣ˷ܵĻعͷ
˼飬ӣϢЩƷ֮ЩཬӲ࣡
˵Ĺͷѡ
һ仰˵ÿڵһȺˮҲһ׷Χ˹ȥʱ䣬춼ΧЩཬǻе鶼ʧˡ
ͻȻ˵ཬӲȴӣܲ
ӣǺöཬԺͷˡ
ḻͷץһӲġཬ͵ǰϣһɲǣʶֶľľ޴;
Ԥϣüͷȴ΢΢֡ཬǻȽ⣬Ƕ˵Ҫĳ̶ȻúԶ
ͷһѴǶӲཬץһѵʱ򣬾ѾζʵѾʧˡ֡ཬȻӲѾȻҪġˮࡱúԶ
˫־ץһ飬γǧص
һѣ
һ仰˷ܵеˡ
ǵڶѣѣĶѡʯĩĲӣЩӲཬӲҲӡ˵֮󣬾Ѿ޷ƾ˫ץְˡ
ʼ˷ܲѣǺ棬ЩӲġཬԽԽӲԽԽܳ˷˵ˡ
ǰʱ䣬˷׷׻ǣཬʲôã˭˵ˡչǰһĻЩľש򽻵ˮ˵ֱǲ񼣡
˭Ҳû뵽λƵġս˳ᢣӵо˵ı裬ľоȻҲֲ˼ʯҡճⶼͨĶλУȻ˲ʯͷһĶ
гɷΨһģҲλү֪Ūġƿˡ
ģеˮжԵλһ˿ľηͬıһΣЩˮóǡ
ӣͼˣཬӲ󣬴ſԳܰ˰ٶߣͨӦúƻ
УһĿִ࣬ȫװĸߴ˹ǰͣ¡
ˣ
ĻΧһƬȻԼֵƵģǡ˰ٽ֣Щˮš
Ѿͨġཬֿݵˡ
ΪûκεཬԴﵽӲȡѾʯͷˡһɲǼ䣬˶塣ԾҲƤ
ڿڴ˺ܳһʱ䣬Ҳû뵽ŲôһܽЩġཬӲֵز
˰ٽˣ
΢΢һЦĵͷ
˰ٽҲζŵ׳ûа취֡ཬ˿˺ѾӽжڡˮࡱҪˡ
ӲȻҪĳܼǧĻúԶ·̵ĶǴġˮࡱ
ˮкɰʯټһЩֽĵ·ȫԳǧ𣡡
ŲԶǶˮ࣬¶һ˿Цݡ
ġˮࡱ䷽ͿʽʼԼļƻģĿɽڣչʯҡճڴʯȡĺɰʯҡ̡¥ĸֽ
ЩͿ磬һӴ󣬷ģĵ·ͨϵͳˣδĴƣȻԭȴԿٵĶԸ¡߽ı䶯Ӧ
⽫ǿԸıδǧĴ£
ˣ
ͷԺԺһϤͻȻڶ
ϲ񡮵۹֮ŭ
ݺĵ·ͬصѪ½رȻӺ׵ĽṹķԭҲӴ󡢹ϵĵ۹ʹͬʨ˯֮СȻһ죬ʨѣᷢصŭͨŶϲƳˮ࡯۹֮ŭһ·֮ŭ
ˮ࣬ǿԸı۹˵ؽ1000㡣
֮ʯ˿ʱԺ


683 ѵӪչ
Ȼ漴΢΢¶һ˿Цݡ
֮սӡ˵ߡΪ˵ƿߡ֮⻹һλ֮ʯĽȻѾ˲ٵ㣬1000ȻǸСĿ
ЩʱţȵԺƵİأȥһһһҵʵ÷
а
˵ƿߡ֮֮ʯпȫµĽݣ廹ûҪأڶû׶һ
ˣвж˽ƽ𣬾䣬齻ˡ
ǣӡ

һа׵ܿ뿪˿󶴡

ģռɰʯʯҺճҪ·Ϣھʦ֮ٴ˺䶯ڵھĿӵзǷݵӰ졣
رڷصĹؿڣľٶԽע⡣
ڴƵ۹Ų·ʲô˵ĻеĸҶɵĻǵεľٶž޴ĲƸ֮һоͽȻͬ
ο廹˾ʦİ׼ҡԼңңԺյĴҡ
ֻһΣƻľǰ׼ҡԼҶ֪˵֡ˮ·Ǹʲô
εʲô
֮ǰʯҺճҲͰˣ·ô£
ǰ׼ҼҴҵӡӻǳģ·ʲôǰ׼ھеͷ˵ȥǺܶġ

ǰ׼ҵͥԺɽ԰ˮأһŵĴʯԣ׼ҵĳѰ˼Χм䣬ַơ
֮ǰ˼Ҫչʯҡճʱ򣬰׼ֻΪĳֺûᣬܹ뵽ĳƻ֮С
ڷ˾ʦΧĽ¥֮ڵĴƵ۹˶λʮΪ
֪ҴҪϹϵҲú֮սһģĲҵУһݹ͡
ռʯҺճȻΪ·¾ˡ
׼ôҲǴƾصĶңմϣһӸʱ½ҴкǹҲסӡ
Բǰһ
幫幫д󲮡Ĳ֪
˼˫£ȭͷа޵쵰˸Ӹ
˼һһҪ壬û뵽Ȼǰ׼ȥ·ʱ򣬵żг棬ǵκε¶ð˵
ң幫幫󲮣޵ķʸ£˵иļƻֻûиߴҡ
˼а޵Ҫ
ʱѾѹ֪ˡ
ʦ⣬ѵӪУɽҰĶǡ塱Ļ
ӣѵӪһӦ֪ѵӪѧֹԺʱѾյǧ룬һ˸ͿѾ˺ü˰æˡ
ֹԺɽϣХһڷ裬£κ岢һɽ¡
֪巵ѵӪϢֹɽΧɽ˺˶Էӭ塣
ڷڵȺУʱܹ۹ڰ˽
ѵӪᣬѵӪ͵ģΪĹϵΪѵӪĵһ
ȨӵܣڶȥѵӪ
Ǻ£εĲ𣿡
屳˫֣ƮƮһ΢Цڵǰ˺ܴĲ𣬾Ͷ֮䣬һεƣһѣ۷Ϻȡ
ҲԺеֵʱˡ

һѵӪѾһ˺ܴĲӰй֮޲κ͹ѾԵĿˣܶĺҲʼѵӪˡ
ѾܵһƽǳɳˣҪģǸǳƽ֮ǰǾܵĳɳҲѵӪҪԭ
Ѿźˣǵһ
˵ţȡһŰɫż㣬˹ȥ
ȥһ£ǾĳǱߣگ˹صСģͻȻڽϣֵûᡣ⣬ҲкˣȻ˼˳ӣܲȻܵչˡ
嵭֮һֻӳⷽ٣ָ㽭ɽơ
ʱѾ٣ǿʼʱѵӪУѾۼ̫ĺˣĻҪǳƽٲܳɳ
ڲҪˣƾҺȨӰ죬ԼոշΪķͷаհ͵Ƶ۹ĸȥĳɳ
ﲻ֪϶ģ顣
κֻǵͷһеż㣬ЦﲻԾȻֽϣǵһ
κһֱֹԺУ֪յսӰ죬ֹԺѵӪԾԾԣҪѧȥｨҵ
ô˷ܣĻҲ԰ţȥ
ͻȻЦ
ӣǧҿɲʲôҵֻҪڹ߾Ϳˡ
ô˵κ֣һġ֡
ȥͲȥǾֵӡ
ҡͷʧЦ
ʶƣκҲһǸֵı飬Ȼࡣ
ӻ߰ɣҾһֱڹߣæһЩܼ飬㹻ˣңҵѵܱڹ߸𣿡
κ
ԣɴЦ
κȴǵȻһЦû˵ѣ֮󣬵λˮǴߣκڼҲӡ
Һǫ˵κλӣ治֪жڴѡ
Ͼÿһ˶ܱΣվôġ
˵ţͻȻһ󼱳ĽŲУʶŤͷȥֻһϤӰڳɽϿ
Խ̹٣
彣üһ΢΢Щ⣬ܿЦݵӭȥ
쵰СӣɽҲк
һ˵ķǧһȭ漴Ц
ôܣҵһҵľ㣬˵ѾȥˣѵӪȥҲû֪
һЦҲ⣬ǧصıһ
ǰǧӿһůѵӪоеҲǧˡ
ڶǵǧڰҹϻ飬ֻϧʱ˸߾˵Ĵɱ
ˣ̹ܽ٣Ҳ
һ΢ЦĿǧ̽Ľ̹ܻͣͻȻ֮·ʶʲô
Ǻһ֣һ־ʲô飬˵ɣʲôҪҰæ
СӣǺǰһʲô㡣
ǧܻͻһۣ˶ǿЦ׼һ˵ģû뵽۾ôһ۾ʶ¶
ʵҲʲô˵£ǴʳǱһˣָգҪѵӪֹԺ
ǧЦ
壬黹ֻܰˡ


684 춯ӣһ
Хɽϣκ˶˶Էеľȡ
ʳ
ع΢ɲüͷ
Ǳߵԣ˵㲻ѵӪʱʵȥ
ʵû뵽ǧҵԼȻΪ顣ʳ۹ƼңԶ岢ǵϱӷ¡
ϸ죬ǼǵúиʳĹùƣǺܿ뿪ˣǰ²졣ûмҲ֪ʲô
ûзһʳѵӪһָҪԼֹԺ顣
Ǳߵĵˣ
ߴǧ͸¶Σ
ѵӪĽǱµ˼˼ñµֱˣŭҲ˾һҰæǺ£һһλʱҵĳ
ʲôѻ飡οǵʱ
ңܺ⽻ӴЩʹţʳȷʵǸķΧԷҪ󣬺ȻҪ㡣
һ˵ʵҲΪ˳͢Ϊ˴ƣɣԷҵԼǧѾܾ
壬Ҫ̫ΪѾˡˣҵʱȥλǰ;ˡ
ǧ
ΪѣΪʲôҪΪѣ
忴һԱߵκЦ
ѵһλʳҪֹԺΪʲôҪܾңʳĹӦҲûмɣ
ûУ
κ΢΢һЦϲû̫Ĳ
ʳ˺ǳȻͬӥĿŮӵǼΪƯʳ˵ĹҲӦüΪƯɡ
κô˵ţ¶ȴǽȻ෴¶ͷǣڼҲܵӡ
ֻһȤǾ߽Ĺҵ
ǧܻҲû뵽ȻӦôˬ죬˶Ǵϲ
׼һþƲˣܣһֱǧܻ뿪
ӣҪôʳֹԺ𣿡
ǧһߣκͻȻɫ
ѵӪû⣬͢İţҲûа취ΪʲôǸʳһҪҪֹԺ¸о߲ƣ߲
˵ʲôΪʱ磬˶ûмʲôĿģʱһ֪ˡ
йâת΢΢Ц
λʳЩ뷨һлҪȵܷ֮
ͽˣȥϢһ
תκ˼䣬ܿ¥ݣصԼס
֨ƣ
ƿո߽䣬Żż⣬棬һӰѾҴҵ˹
ѽôڲҵþá
˫ץס䣬۾Ｑð
Ǻǣⲻ𣿶ҸѵӪЩ鲻̫ɣ
嵹Ǵݲȣ֮󣬾ֱߵ̴ԲǰϵһɰϸԼһ裬ϸϸ
ҵѽ㵹ǲҺ߶üëˣڴӺͶǣǶرûлҲǺòײŰ˸١ΣҲ֪´ʲôʱлᡣ
˵ּֿ죬޲һл˵ꡣ
˵ɣʲôô𼱻ǵģԼ˶Ŀ
΢΢üͷ
˶ֻΪصѵӪΪԼֹԺǺ֪ʵյӵš
ү»֪濴ŷƽ˾ַˡӡӡӣ˶ģ£Ȩ佫ôӡӡǳɹӾûʲôˡ
ͬСɣǱҲûʲôر̺үںòڹһЩӰ죬ҲԸͶЧ£粻˿첻Ļȫô£ȥˡ
ͷĴ󺹣һ˵ţһߴͳһż˹ȥ
үڴˣүæѰѹأЩ˿ãЩ˲áүӹϵǳүһﵽס
˵һ
ϴݣӴ֣ڵڹӵзǷķӵ̺Ĺǡ
رһΣʥϵʱӵĻ⣬书ȴఴָʾ˳Ķȹһ٣ʹڶ弫ȵΡ
ΣҶʲѣƫƫҲҶ˵ʲô
£
üͷ˴ͣûӹе
ң֪ʲô𣿱ṬеĻɣñ֪Ǿǰ£ѵ𣿡
˵ɫ
һλʵۣ籾ĸ桢̫ڣҲһʹĻɣᵳӪ˽
Ϊԭ򱻷ĻӲû뵽ԼȻΪ¡
ŪãǣˣԼȫ
ңҲ˵úø˵ǲߥ޵ģ
ɫĿ罣·Ҫʿһ
ͨ
Ŀ¶ɱһͨһ͵عڵϣ
үԩ治ҵ£ڹܵӣǳ־ʱߥȻɻɣᵳӪ˽ǣһλλĻӣʥģ
ԣʱĬˡ
鳼Ȼ磬թƻϣ嶼޷
ÿɻӺͳϵȺԼ߽佫ᣬмֻܹǿ˭صĸˡ
ʥˣŵȻҲˣ̫ڻʵˣʷϵЩ۲ŴԵĻʵһˡ
ûҲɲ
үүζҪ¡
ɫɶҲԹɫ̧ͷȴ
Ҫ˵̫ˣ֪ڱߥޣ·һɱ㣬ҲӦ֪Բ˰˵ӡ

һæͷȥﻹ˵ʲô
ৣ
ӹеż㣬һ£չϸϸնʱ
Ȼֻһűż㣬˭֪żҪй¶ȥȻھһȷѪ꣬Ȼ󲨣֪ҪҲͷء
Ȼ˵ɣһӹż㣬ʱޱȡһԵҸſڵϣҳ
żϣһ֣ÿһǳеسӵзǷķһ·ȥҲǰľڵӰĻҪöࡣ
ܻôͬͶҲ֤ڵڹҲӵвСӰſţܿüͷ
үǳʲôˣ
ҲԹɫʵ
⴮ϣдǵļ𣿡
㵹Ǵ
ƳһۣδĴ鳼Ȼթƻһ棬úܣԼֻüоˡ


685 춯ӣ
գ̣飬֮以ίɼӴ̽ϢҲеղΪ˵Ҳ
һСģǷǵ³
ҲҵԼıҪԭ
ź轥κΡ¬
бһ֣ܵõϵɫ䣺
ôүЩͳͳ⣬𣿡
ŸոսЩû뵽Ȼô˲áĻȴԤϡ
£Щ˻û⣬áˣдȶ
嵭

̧ͷʱסˡ⣬ôͿ϶Щ˾Կأ
ˣ
嵭ͷҲûصȴ˼һæͷٿ
嵱Ȼ֪ΪʲôЩãǶź轥κΡˣЩʵպӵǻʱߵĵϵЩ˱ӦʱֵģպΪֻԵϲŴյߣǼȻʷѾı䣬ԼôЩҲͿǰŵˡ
٣ҳϷ棬Щȷʵǿɿһãûġ
⡭
˵Ŷ˶٣һУʼϣһ֧Ǻܵһεǣ৵һ£ɳʼܣϵīѵˮմһ£Ȼ䵽У
ϻģߵ£ЩͳͳãжԶԶޡߣЩ˲ܵжϲһҪǾ룬⽫ٽΤԱΤ֥
ô
ҶȻ׳ŵ̧ͷϣ
ߣǲǺܿǼ
еͷңЦ
⡭
һԥˡ
ΪǳԾΤ𣿡
嵭
ǣ
֪ʲô壬æͷ
ڴƵУΤϿννҵһλԶھǰ׼Һ;Լ֮ϣ壬ҡ
ȻųǽңүүǴͣ¸أ£¹Ϳ֮һϵ꣬ҳΪеȻ
ҿҲѺΤȡ
ԭܼ򵥣ҵҲʮ£ΤȴĹϴҡǰʱΤϾͺųƴҵһ
ǰĵ֮ʱΪűܱԪ˧ΤТİܹ˳Ľ峯һ׷ǳӡ
֮Τҵĵҵһ
ΤΤ֥ΪΤϵӣͬСɣҪ£ǣҲûʲôˡ
£˭ȡΤΤ֥ȡ
ϣɵ
ҵҵ
Ϊʲô
͵̧ͷʧɫ
ߣҵж𣿡
ĿĲ˿顣
࣬ıѸģȨӵǿĿһ㣬ԼǰŪʲôȨǷ˼ôòŵȵδԼھͿɱ
ڵңûнδǷݴ֮ߣҲûδôصķ
ɱҲֻɱ˸ص̫ѣǱߣҲ˾ͺԼ
С˲ң
ҼĿкתоʲôһæͷü˳ĿﻹҶԡ
Ҫ£Τңҿ⡣ϾΤȷʵǵ̼ҡΤΤңΤΤ֥ΤΤ֥Ҫ¾ܾĲΤңΤΤ֥
е
үǾ˲ã
̽ŵ
㵹Ǵ
ҲϣĿǰ͸һ˿ɫ
Լ룬ΤΤ֥пܼ뵽ˣȻΤϣðʧóľǰңһԶûǴΤúءȡ
ǵλĩڵ֮֮ԳôòŵλãΤΤ֥˾޴ĵá
Ϊ˳²㣬࣬δһη籩У౾Ѿӹһ٣ȴΪˣ۵࣬ʥŭΪı֮߱ģΪһ̳δĴͳ
δ̳дͳʱӳ꣬ڵʱȱٵľʱ˵Ҫġ
ٴ־Ҳֻϣգ
λλ֮Ҳһλʵ̫У磬֪ʹ飬Ϊ֮ʹϧ
弴ȻȻͲٴγ֣
ΤΤˣ㺦౻ΪˣߣΪ
ɣߵ£̲еáδᣬոЩɫΤĴǣһ𣬶ڵ˵к档о仰̲ˡ

ūʡá
һ·ͷվﻹҶ˵ϴܴޡأּӷ۹£Ұ⣬ͰΪδĵ۹󽫣
۷ΤΤȻųΤҵӣǺǰʮǧﲻֹ
Ҳ弫ӣҪӣȰøԭ
Ҫ۷еķǵ֮ĵһ
ȥɡ󾫲࣬ԵڵֻϵЩ˸Ͷˣ˹ࡣĻ»ʥϲá
˵ŽĹ˹ȥ
ū͸ߵȥ
ҹӦ
Ϊ뿪ʱ򣬳ϣҵͷվǰһȫû뿪˼
ô£

ǣ
ҧҧ˵˳
ūŻһ˽£үһҪӦ
Ŷ
Ϊ⣬˵ӲСȻ֪˽£Ӧ
үȻū˽µ󣬵ȴΪūԼΪӵ¡
׳ŵӵ
ӣ
ˣ
˵ɣʲô£
ϲһŮӣ˽£˽Ǻү֪ģӵܲͬѰ檣бµ׿ϣܺͨŮ˽
ǰʱʥʻ֮ʱҹһλ̫ˣǵȻŭΪŮɫ²λڲϵ̫֮λЩѰġ
ڹвŸոЩɫ飬ԻٳǰңΪϵŮӣĹκ书ͳͳûǰڿˡڣʥΪʦ΢ˡ
˵ţ潹꣬βסǡ
үȰöҲýȥģҲֻˡζҪæȰ˵һ£ĻԶ
˳ӶȻ棬Ƕ˵Ȱ˵ԶŮӣʵġ


686 һ
ˡ
ʱĬɫҲűû뵽ҸҪ˵ľȻЩ顣
̰Ůɫ
ôܣ
Ǵδ֮ӡУͼΣҵҵһҪָƵʢôܻһ̰Ůɫˡ
𶯵Ļ³Ǹ֣
ô
۾΢УԺһͷ
ٻǵһŮӵ֣رǻûм֡Ƕ֣ȴӡ
ʵļУٻ˲֪ŮӡΪŮûʹеһλӱʥϣǵŮɫķϹΡ
һлûнΪºλŮ˻ǻʹһλɳļ
ȻλŮһֱ˵ʦ˶֪Բӡӡˡ
λΪ̫ǼҺΪ룬ᣬϵ
鵱ھֵ÷з
ΪһλӣǵǸŮӵ־ͽ
Ȼ֪ǲͬһˣԿɡ
ү
ﾲĵģ̧ͷ׳ŵ̽
֪׷ʲôԴӸո˵֮վһ֪Щʲô
ɺһӡȻͬҲ֪׷ʲô
ķӦҲҪĶ࣬Щ
ң㣬ϲһŮӣ𣿡

ңʷϴûз֪ʷвûз
ԸҲ˰
үǧȷںүǰСľǽһǧӣҲԲѰ
£æ
·ͬСɣһҪ粻˳ٰһŷ㣬Ҳֻܿүˡ
һļž˫ü壬һﲻұҲͷҲҴһ
εѹУҸоԼսսҪܲסʱ򣬶ڴǸѾõ
֪ˡ
嵭Ŀ̧񽥽
ͽɣ
û˵ѵģڻûС
ֻ˵һ飬ʷѾ˸ı䣬ϸڵͣͣԶǺǸͼΣܵ˾֮
ͣϲŮӣ󹦿κҲʲôֵ顣
£һǲȥģֻҪౣֽƣұһʵľ룬ʵ̫⡣
ǸŮԼеǸˣôһоͽȻͬˣ֮·ΪǸŮ˵Ĺϵʱֹ
ʥȻԼͳҹһ̫ˣ˱ҲΪˣʥʶĻҲӿ̣ǳɻǳŮɫ
һ㣬֮ǧ겻䣬Ҳı䲻ˡ
Һܿ뿪ˡ
ֹԺд˼֮Ҳܿ뿪ˡЩ粻˳٣ǸŮԼеǸˣ

ʱ仺ȥ֮ʱ֣ʹУһݽɫϢ뿪ˣûκ˵ע⡣
ʱίˣ㲻һֱ𣿽죬ҾʹȥúõĹ䣡
һῡݵ꣬űһ񻣬浾󷽣˵ľɫŮڻ
ŮҲʮңƤ𪣬֬һ㣬Ķˣ
ֻŮӴʱȴ΢üչ
£ڴӡǶڶŵ£֪´˽Գ»ᱨʥʣԵ²
ߣʲôûȢޣû檣ûеŮɫҲֻһˣʾ֪Ҳֻ˵ר飬飬ֺ֡
಻Ϊ⡣
лŮޣظٳ֮ǰûκεĻȢ飿
ܾס
ǾɫŮ߬˿ȴǳüչ
֪°ңǣԸΪԼһ֮ö۵¡ǻǻȥɣ
ǺǣҵɵΪʲô͸óȻμλŭڸдӡƪѾ׵˴ҵ·ڹж档Ǵ֣Ҳ뵽ѾĻ˱װЩӵ뿪˻ʹ
΢΢Ц
еӶЩģЩضҵӵܣֱ뿪
ξǽᣬĵ뿪˻ʹ
ңֻҪ׼ʱػʹǾ˭Ҳᷢ֡
΢Цһָ˾ɫŮӶ޵˿Ůӽ߷ɺӣԽˡ
û׶˶ģǰļ˲ͬ񡢴󷽣֪ƽ⣬ܲϲеȴΪԼίԼڹС
һΣԼòѰҵһλᣬģģȴԼȥԼ
һ㣬Խˡ
ѵԼĺ֪ѵϣðʲôأ
ˣһֱҪһǹеĶ̫ô㣬Ҳһֱû͹ʲôβͬһҾˡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲô̽Уһ飬һһӡŵİ
Ӻ͹еӶͬԼ򵥣Ӷദƿգðɫһֻ״ǳƯ
Ư
ϾŮӣеİŮ۾һҲ̲סͺһĸŮӲϲΣο˹ɫ㣬¶ӹ׵Ķ
У£һǳҲҪˣһ˶Ե²ɣ顣
Ǻܿ죬ŮӾ͵ףҡҡͷ
ڹвƣȻʳǣöȴࡣңʥʶҲܵļϡ
Ͻݳ˷ѣ˶
ǻӣҲ󣬼ֵǵİͻȻֶȻܶ
ǺǣͷİɡҺѣ֮以ͲǶ¡ңԺЩٺ»ܹǮҾͻǮģ͵¡
Ц
ɫŮһ˿ɫԥһ£ڲټ֡
ϡ
࿴ǰļˣԽˡ󣬵ȴֻܿҲʣˡ

ǰŰӵˣ̲ס̾һԽĽߣĿ⣬״øˡ

һɲǣʣͻȻһ£ڤڤУͻȻԼףǰ˺ͼе׺񰡣


687 ֮
£ˣ
ĬĬʱͻȻ΢΢һЦܿع
ߣȥƽУһֱùеЩ·ڻ䲻㣬˴ƵĵһŷˣΪüơ
˵ţͻȻһѱԵĶ˵ľУţȥ
ƵľʦɫĺǺųƾǵһׯĽƽȴǵƻͨӴĽƽУƹԱлֻͣӴһԿˡ
ڵŶʦ棬ֲСٰڰšȼ¡һֱ浽ʱ֣ŴŶ峿ʿУԼ޹
Щˣһȥʦ밲ҪһܻϢɡһûлأһѾȥˣۡȥﶼֻǣǧȥҵ鷿

û£۶Ҷ㡣

⣬Ҳˣȥ׼һЩˮȥݼʦʱ򣬴·ϳ԰ɡ
š
˵ͷůůģҲԽˡôƽļˣӡ
ܿŶ׼ˮ뿪ˡܿ죬޹оʣ¶͸з̵ĹŮ
ЩˣչˣǶȥЪϢɡ
˰ֵ
ǣ
һȺŮܿɢȥƺҲЩˣַ˷޽ǵ˿ߵ齱¡
֪˶ãеĹŮȫȥһƬžͻȻ᣾𣬹âһһӰͻȻڴ齱ߣԭ˯Ķ
ǰֻƬ̣ȻǸ˵ȴ췭ظȫȻһˡ
˵ԭĶ浾󷽣磬ĻôڵĶһʳϢâ¶
ݣĴһܣһݣèһѸٵĴӴдֻ˺޹Զ鷿
ҵˣдһݣϽӡ
һĿһܿͿϵһűԱ߱ʼϵëʣѸٵдһݣܿ뿪
û⵽Զһطһ˫ѩ۾һֱĬĬĶ

Ƭ֮һֱŸܿ޹УֻŸ벢û뿪ʹڿзɳһξ֮󣬺ܿ˴ӵĹ

ʱһĹȥ֮
£²ˣ㼴̹ȥӡӡȫڣ̫̫ʦйеλʦҲڣ
峿ʱһ
ӵ޹УһĴ˽
ʲô
ɫһƿӴ
»ǿȥɣŭ˶ţ¸Ͽж
wϢȥȥ
˵෭´һ·ߡ

ʹ
ƿţеʱһƬࡣ߸ߵĴϷʥˮϷһ
࣬һ̫ʦ̫ԣɫͬء£λӵʦȫվһţɫǲ
λʦǰĻӡӡӡӡЩƽѴӴ˿̾ڴˡ
ƿ˽˵Ŀ׷׿˹Ц˵⣬˳ͬ飬ҲսսΣ֮ġ
ɨһ۴һЦſϷĿ⣬ʲôȴû˿ηӡ
࣬ݼʣ
ǰȥһ񣬹ڴ£ݲȣ󷽡
£ڴˣ㻹ϴǸ
һԣʦӻûȣȵǲ
ӣʥڴˣ㿪˵Ϊ¿𣿡
һԱߴ̫ͻȻȵɫ
̫ʦ֮ףӵʦеλߣһһϣ˵ֻǿʱ̲סһ̾
λԽ̵һɳġò׿ڹһĳɳЩɾͣܵʥʵӣû뵽Ȼ顣
ǰ
̾Ϣţ۾ٿ¡
޸һᡣ
ʥɫ࣬ȴѰƽ
ޣ㵽ЩˣֺЩĳ佫᣿
ʥһ䣬ڵնȻʮֹˣ̫̫ʦӵʦλӣȫ
˵Ŀȫе˵µϡ
ᵳӪ˽ᳯسһǹеĴɣͬ췴
Ȼӹ˶ô˽һ£ץסһ¡
ƾᵳӪ˽һ㣬¾Ҫ׵ɥʧλʸ߽ܲͨѾǲˡ
ڹܵʥӣѾܶӲ˶Էˡ
ʣδκĳ佫ᣬ븸ʥ
ϣӵֱ̧һҾݲȣ
Ļһ䣬ϣʥʵɫʱһ
£ʥǰºαػǿԽƱ磬û֤ݣʥҲѵˡ»Ǿ̹ףǵʥϸŭ
һϵԱߴ̫ʦͥް߰ףͻȻ̾Ϣһڵ
ͥ߰ʮĸ䣬п˼ҽ壬ڳе¸أءȻսԼڳеĵλǰ䣬ԼүүҲҪһˡ
ȻʱڣͥƳ磬˱͸ӵλ߾¡ʥκء
ͥѸߣƽʱӼӲͣҲѵһΣ๴ᳯسᵳӪ˽˹дɣͥˡ
չеĹأû⣬ǳ׵ķˡ
̫ʦˣƱ磬ûȻĪе飬ΪʲôҪϣ
಻λбƳ̫ʦҲû˿η塣

ϣĻӵʦ̲סҡͷ̾ϢʦӸһĳˮס
ʱ򻹽Ʊ磬ֿԣ
ǽڵĵطЦ
ڸǰ̫ʦͥ磬һǰ׳ѵ֪һ̫ʦм𣿡
袿ŵµ࣬Ŀǳ
Т㩣ʥһƳ磬ôֻǲϵĽԼʥеӡֿԡ
ѾԲµʲô³
Ǻαأ֪ûȷ֤ǾԲģʱʲôأ
袵Ķ棬ʥǽڴֻʮ߰ʮ΢΢ҡͷĿͬ顣һڹһʼǲ־ҶܵӵĴѹ
֮УֻǶͬģҲֻˡʥʺ̫ʦʱ̬ȣΪȡ
֪ץסѱ£͸Լ̫ʦײⲻ֮١
Ļӡӡ߻ӡԼӣЦƾһϯ½ˡ
ˣ
ȻĻϣʥŭ˲һɿµѹգлս׷׵ͷȥ
ӣһ㻹ڽƱ磬㿴ʲô
âһżӸ߸ߵĴϷ䵽ǰ


688 
ż㣬ڵϣȴ·ǧ֮أ˲Ϣ˴˵Ŀ⡣һЦƺѾԿ³
û˵ĬƬ̣ǰ˵ϵż㡣
ţһǴƵı佫ͥѲ佫쾡ڴƵı˽⣬ͻ֪Ʊ߽
Ȼͳڱͥڴ󶼻˼˳ڴ֮⣬ɱͥ죬ıϣҪɾؽء
ЩؽƽҲܱͥƣֻǸԷص·ΣҴϢͥһ£ͥǱ߾ͱɳԮۡ
ͿԿЩҪʵһΡ¶ġС͢
Ϊһ㣬ЩҪı߽󲿷ֶӵкܸߵķټϵضҪص佫ʵٶǷ佫һֱܵӵ£
쾾һλҪ佫
ſͨͨ۵ĶһЩս£м䴦˶һλӵͣԼͶ֮⡣
ĬƬֿ̣ڶšֻһۣʱͫһ˱ɫ
ӣ㿴Ƿſıʼǣ
ʥʵһ㣬ӴϷ
ȷʵͶĺ񡣡
ֱͦݵ
ߣܣ㻹ѼӲʵǰ㶼ҵѵԼּϲ𣿡
һЦǰ̤Ĳм
ӣ㻹̹˰ɣᵳӪ˽ͳеĳ佫๴Ȼڱǰѣ۾֮ȽᵳӪ˽Ҫصö࣬ºαػˣϣ
ӵʦҦƽʱҲڵ
û飬γϣ

£Ѳկ佫쾹ᣬ˫Ѿ֤ȷ䡣ҲûõġѾ½ְѺʦ»ǲҪٷˡʵҲڸᰡ
̫ҡͷʧ
ϷԣȻҲлӷǴ󲿷ֵϴˣʥҲܹᷢ䣬ײĻûй
ʲô֮١
ٶ½ЩøУһ˿øҲȻ޴档
̫ضԣдá
ϣʥʵ߸ϣ˿ı顣
ӣ㹴߽ᵳӪ˽Ϊ֤֤ȷ䣬Ȼ㲻ԸϣҲ㣬˴鷿ģ㿴ּʶ
δ䣬ݣż㣬һӴϷƮࡣ
˫סż㣬һɲǣżɽͰʱʧ١
ͷʱֻżһһ֣ǲ֮ǰø壬οģ׼£Ĵ󳼵
֣չʢ࣬κΡ¬ȻΤҵΤΤᡭӣ㵽ʲô
һ仰¡ʥ͵һ£ɲǼ䣬еĻӡʦ̫ʦ̫ɫһϣ
ʥ߶̫꣬ʦ̫֪һʥŭʱ
࣬ǵϣʶʱôȴĽԶȽᵳӪ˽صĳͷ
಻ܱѺһǰ;٣ͨ˿ܶʦԼе̴Ӷпܵ

һоȡ˵Ļ
ʣ֪˵ʲô㶼ţҸ˵Ǵҵ鷿ѳģҲ֪Բд
˵Ķ
Ƕ򸸻̹ףǶдҲ֪˭߶Ҳ֪νҵ鷿ġ˶˼ƻĶôȫȴǧǣһʧһ©
Ŷ
һ䣬ʱ˴£˵ע⡣ԭҲһ˿Ļӣ¶һ˿
˼Ŷαģ
ʥʵ˼
ȻһĻ˶ûԤϵġ
ǣ
ֱ̧ͦͷŴǵϵӰɫݣû˿ܡ
ˣ
һʯǧˣӵĻʱڴһɧʥ࣬ɫ࣬һֱЦ̫̫ʦҲϳһ˿ɶ
ȻʥǱ߾ܳıҲ٣һʹ֮У֮以ݺ֮
ɲǼ䣬̫̫ʦĿⶼ˴袡
࣬ƨҵ
һɫǵͨ죺
Ȼе飬Ϊʲôҳϣ
ԣһж֣𣿡
һԵ袣˵ʼĻôվɲǣѾȷɣվڱ󵷹һֵһеıض袡
ɫһϣ֪Լʧԣܿ袾Ц
ܣ˵ʲôûõģһиʥá
˵תͷŴϷʥһ鱩¶Ǻޣʥ߼޻ݺֵܣһоͷͬСˡ
ʥû˵ûпһۣĿʼͣڵ¹ŵϡ
ɫһ죬æ˵һߣͲ˵
˵ɣ
ʥֻ˵֣߲ͣȴ˵Ķ¶һϵϡ
ʣҺѲկ쾹ᣬһ޻˵Ҳ޷֤סαźͳд󳼹ҲͰˣ˾ǣֻǴ󣬾پϸôģվһ
΢΢¶һ˿ŵЦݡ
࣡㲻ҪѪˣԼᳯд󳼣ⶨʲôϵ
ߵԼϣʱһʥڳͳȥˡ
ߣ˲£ǲģԼ
ԼֳЦǰһ£˾ǣһβͬȻǰػģԼأҲòһ˿һˡ
˵
ʥʵž˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ǣ
һٴΰ׼˵
֣չʢｫ죬˾ֱ˷תʹκΣΤϵӵΤΤᡭЩ֣޻˵ֻϧǧǱһʧⶨôҲվһֲĴϵһ֣Х
ǰ죬ø£ûмǴĻʮλ˲ûһХˡ
˵һ֣ԽֱͦҲԽţһʱڵ˶Ϊɫᡣ
ҵĻӣλӵʦ̲סƤر袣ɫһ䣬ò԰ޱȡ
ǸС٣Ʒļڳеĵλߣûв볯ȨԳڳƽû˻ע⵽Ӳע⵽һʲôĳХ
ֻôע⣬Ҳ뵽ǷϵĳХȻѹڡХѹڵĻǾ˵Ͳš
˵Ҳڶ߼޻ݺࡣ
ĻͷͬСɡһɲǣĿ׷˴һ袡


689 ʤһ
ȻҲ뵽㣬ɫŻô԰ס
ӣ
ʥʵڴ
ر£΢ǰȷʵᵽࡣ
ӵͷ
̫
ر£ʮˣȷʵûһгХˡ
̫˼Ƭ̣
۲ѧû˳̫Գ͢Ա͹Ƶ˽⣬Ҳû˳̫̫˵ûһгХˣôǾ;ûС
Ȼһ㣬袵ɫ৵һ±øӲ԰ˡ
ܣ
·ԶһԵ袣ɫѿޱȡ
̫ĻǾġ
ʣһҪ棬ֶǼٵģͲˣҪȡţġǶ飬ôִܷ󣿡
ͦӣĿڣԽĴˡ
Ժ˼Щȫαģ
ϣʥʵʱºࡣ
ǣȻźͶαŵҲȷʵˣǻǺͶּвٵĲࡣһ㣬ֻҪóıӻ̫Ӧöһ֪
ɫ
оĵģһ˫˫Ŀ׷ʦۡ
ر£΢ȷʵвӵȥҵ鷿ȡǼ٣Ȼһ֪
۵ͷϹϾһ
ܿдŽ׵ȥԼյĹ򣬾ʹźһ˴
ܿ죬лӵʦȫܵټۼǷǰ
£Щּȷʵ񣬵ķвٵĲࡣ֮ӵЩȷʵǼٵġ
ã̫ڴ̧ͷһ
£飡Щȷʵµּ
̫ʦͥҲ
Ҳ˵ڶţĻţҲȫǼٵˣ
ʥϵڴ
ǣ
̫ߡ̫ʦͥͬʱ
һɲǣ˫Ŀ׷˴µ袣ϣ˫ͬϵĿͶ袣ɫһɸţ˵ϡ

£ôˣ
Ӵ뿪ļǵĳȥѾ˺ܾˣϧʮ̫࣬ҲûʸǼġ
ֻż
дôһҾѾڵתȦŵ׵ЬĥƵˡ
˵أ
ûֱӻش𣬶ȻһЦһԵҡ
漴¶һڻЦ
Ŵݣ˵ˡ
ǴΪԹңȴ֪벶ȸںôֻǺԼѡ
ۣϣһֺͲȡ
У˹ȥҵ龰оһ˵Ŀ⣺
袹ֵܣ˼ϲ⣬ΥТ֮壬طϳ֮λ˸áҦƽ̵ܽӲ»һ̤꣬ʹһ
Ȼʱ飬󲿷ֶرܣͷϸˣ̫
ȻҪ֯ԼĽᵳӪ˽󳼵׵ķϳԼĻ֮λԼѹ֮λʸ񣬼ȻˣǾͱˡ
£ôһˡ
ҳһ಻ȻңжԸ袷ǽ˸ѾõĽˡ
黹Զûн
ԤϣҵĻҡҡͷĿйâһͻȻһ򡣺֮ʤҲ˸ʵʶźܳһʱˣΪ˱ӣʱԸˡ
ˣϲ˿˷ܣͻȻࡣ
漴ҲӦ
֮ȻѾǻһҲͬý
һΣûκεȰɣûжԣǹ˵һԣóһ·

зһ̾ϢܣôɣΪԺΰҵΪ˺ĻʹλӶԿ飬ǱԽġ
ˣһûǰԼ޹תͷһ
ոյõϢǸѾͿҪɹˡ
ֻϧֻһ֪Զܳɹ

ݣ
ꤣĺոȥֻһ۲խĽɫ֮УǰСٶȲ죬Ĵһţȴûκע⡣
ֻÿβʱЩŻע⵽⣬һ浾ׯʷǳ˵ŮĬĬ
ţҾͿ뿪ˣ
ӿһ΢ӳӿŮӵ޽ǣŮӵĿһ£صĿ˸һ£¶һ˿ڲصļĽơ
ѾˣӿʼڣѾʮ˵ţţͿԳ׵뿪ˡ


690 ʤ
һ̣¡һͻȻͣ
ô£Ϊʲôǰˣ
ŮƤһų
ǰסˡ
⴫
ʲôˣѵ֪Ͻͣ𣿡
ŮƤһЩŭһĶоһϤ
ȻҪߣΪʲôкأ
ˣŮӻһꡣ
⾲ĵģŮӲ˵˱ҲĵĵȴĻش˻شһƬš
ŮһһףĿҲǱò֪˶ãҲӲȥŮ΢΢һָܿƽ
֨ѽ
ƿŮɫ򶨴˳ǰһɫͣڹ롣һͼر˵ĸ߹ݡ
ǰӰһſλһᣬĻӳࡣ
£
࣬΢΢һ̬󷽣һ㶼ûлҵζͺżһ
Ɒ޳ܵŮˣֵز㻹Ҫװǵ¶һƬģȻ뺦磡
û࿪ڣһԣͻȻŭǰǳ
ܹɱˣˡ
壡
ͻȻĿû뿪ǰĶ
һһ֪Լʧԣ
ܶʲôˣҲʲôϾӵŮˣӶ鼫ڣȷʵֲԼ˵
Ϊʲô
Ŷ档
£ʲô£ô
һ
Ϊʲô
ٴε顢û˿ı仯
£ʲô𣿵±ңһģ
һֵ̿
ʱˣ㻹Ҫƭ𣿡
ǰ۾嶼ʹ΢΢
εˣһÿ춼˯ߵˣ޲ðԼĶͳˣȷǱԼߵļ
ڿ˵Լȴʱʱ̺̿޲ԼءֵزȻƭԼ
£ڹǶ֪Ҵˣյ˼梵ţĸزҼ̻ȥ
ͻȻ˵ţͻȻףһࡣ
ҵ鷿ǧ鷿ֻ㿴ҽ롶ʫŵ鷿ļв֮С
ȥȡʱǧһᶼûжֻ˼в㡶ʫеҳв㶼ûƻϤǾġң֮⣬˭õ˭֪
۾
һ𣬶ʱ˵֪ʥɳ˻᱿ֱȥȡ
£ʲô֪϶ң
ɫ࣬ڵһ¹˵ϡ
ŮˣʱˣҪѼӲ
ҽȭͷҪ
㲻ûйϵңô̵ʱ䣬Ӧûϰɣ
ͻȻƮУһһžӶʱɷףѪɫ
ҽţĸزֻʱĽڣſԡдҲ
ߣ㻹кλ˵
ҲӦЦ
·Ӧ죬һӾץסе
ģ𣿡

¼Ȼ϶ɵģҲ޻˵ҪɱҪУɵ´ã
ڵҧ˫ִ£ִС
ɣҪǰ
ʧı۾
ǵֵΪֹӴ֮Ҳʶ㣬Ҳʶңһжһΰɣֻҿˣ߰ɣ
ڵϣһɫȷǱȸղŸˡ
£
Ҵ󼱣ķӦôû뵽ģΪҲץû뵽ȻŹ
壬ö˵ˣһţ
һֻסң顢˲ɣһʱ˵
ôã⻹ǵһϸܵλߵϺȡ
³ɳˣ
ͻȻһʱٶԣ
һŮˣлõĽѵͳɳԵøӵ
һ˵ǻ¡
үԤϵһĻˣ
ǰ˵ʲôԲҪͻȻʲô
£֪˵ʲôˣµĶΪһһֱĵġǣ
˵վһ˿ӵɫûٻصǺֱȥ
һֱʧ̣඼˫۽գʼûлعͷֻǵһȹŴ򿪣¡ԶҵĲһ¡
ԹۣҲ̲ס̾Ϣһһֱ඼̣²֡
£Ҫллӣǵڶڹ֪ǸŮļϸӾȰţֻΣˣʮа˾Ѿˡ
һµ
ֻ֪̰ɫԲȰࡣû뵽ľԻҪߣһ۾ʶ˶
ʼʱţǵ˵ģǰ뿪˵ȥӣһжʱչ¶ɡ
̹˵鷿з￴Ϊһʼ˽䱸Ҷһ
鷿еǸݡƽʱֳ浾ׯȻͬ
š
˵ͷ̧ͷĿвһ£ܿͻָ򶨺ƽǳعӣαװԼıʼԼ߽ġ
һУ˼
󣬲Լȫ£袽˸ԼҲΪԲ̫ӵָƣʹøմãӮ˸ʵͳңһʼ벻ġ
⸣֮У֮Ƕ飬书ټﲻġ
ϸ룬һ·ʵأв̽䣬ޱȡ
лѡǷһ顣⣬֪ͨź轥κǣ˵ҪǡڼոչȥҺͶź轥Ҳû˸˵ʲô
⣬ʱҪκû鲻Ҫҡ
͸һյĸǡ
ǣ£
дϲôˣһֱͶһ𣬷ϻĹκ书
⻹һҪѧϰκ
ң飬Գ࣬Ѿý£ź轥κˡ
ǰġ
ūȥ죡
ϲ̣ܿ뿪

⣬һӰӻʹ˳վããģӿĴϣڻعͷһΡȻĽɫǽ
ûڳһɲЩ˸УЩãܿһоʧˣ֮Уһ򣬶ܿ뿪
үľô𣿡
ھ벻Զһ¥ӥ岢Ŷ뿪ķüͷ
ͼ֣ŮˣΪ
ȻӶԸɱ뿪ʹǻʲôʸأ
ƾ鵹Ϊƽ
ңľǲľ顣ȻǱɵļôõʱ䳯ϦദδؾͶû˿ĸ顣˵Ѿܵ˳ͷֺαǶ֣
ӥһ˿ȻƶǶ
ãЩˡӵѾҲæǵˡ
ЦЦܿ뿪˾¥


691 Ԫ
ҵĸۡڼԼڴǸˡһʮʿһɫۣ룬紵͵
ү
ӥһ߽ʿæսսһҴ۾Ҳһֱŵ档
ȻҲ֪ΪʲôԺգλ߾¡ټԼһĬĬţصĽ
үǰպүķԸѱʦһ۵ĵҵǸʱѾ׼ԶˡֻҪٳһ㣬Ѿˡ
һԵ
ȻҲ֪ΪʲôǵѰôһ޸֮ˣһôʱ;
û䣬̤ŵһĿһֱͣʿϡ
벻ܹҵ
Ŀѩ˷ܲѡ
ȻǰʿĬĬţһȴպաгݵˣǰʿ֮һ
Ԫ٣
һڴ
Сǡܵúү٣Сңֻǲ֪үټС˵ʲô£
Ԫһĳϻ̳Ͽ֣⻹һּġǲ

һ̣ȷɣֽԪ٣һ룬ǰλԼڴ˵ŵһģһԾλԪӡɡ
ڴƣڶĵҵӣȥѧ˵ԣ˵˹Żô˸е𾪡
޺ͻضе˼顣
ǣȴô룬֪֪˲ܰսʤҪսʤĵңͱȥѧϰǵԣ˽ǣ֪ǵʵųǣԼĶĿ
ǽ̻˹һλ˵ģ仰ǳǰԪ١
Ȼڳ͢Ȩ֮Уû֪Ԫ٣ֻҪǺйصģرھǵĽУԼ˿ԪȴǴ
ֻΪʮԣͨͻ˹گ߾ʳ֧ԼԣΪڽ鷽ӵмǿ츳
̹ˡСʿáˡɡ򡭡ÿ˶ѧһԣֻҪһ¾Ϳˡ
Դʦǳ£̻˹λߡ
ֻλԪֻھд˼꣬ȥ򣬾˵
嵱ʱ˵ʱҲ൱ϧܹһλԪӣܹ˽һܱߵܹĴʳ֧һӣһжȻͬ
ҪԴܱߵǿһ˽⣬ͱдöԷԵ˲ţرֶý̵˲ţԪӾˡ
ֻҪһһ̨ܹ˲ţȥ˽ܱߵйȡ
ѱʦΪΪһӴļƻ
غʱڵĺۣһֱڵĴƣַֺϺϣõʧʧǴڷռʧȥ֮Уȴʼû̫ĸ顣
ҪеһУֲռʧȥѭؼԡΪԲͨȱͨû˽⣬ȻҲ̸ϸ顣
˫£Ӹ߲Ľ쵽ײʿܹɵĽôһоͻȻͬ
˽ǸʲôǸʲôĴƣ˶ĸͻȻͬ
Ҫһ㣬ȥ̴ԣȥ˴Ƶԣһݡ
ȣҪԵȥ̡
ԪپҵĽĹؼ
ӣͻˣðһ䣬Ļʮ𣿡

Ԫԣ̲סһ˿ɫȷʵ᲻ԣߵ˶²֪ʮ֣ǰλԺյĴүô֪ģһС¡
ǡ
ԪȻв죬شһ㶼ҵ
֪ôѧôԵģ
΢ЦԽˡ
⣬Сʱ񣬲֪ߵغټϼҾ㸻Уһʱ˲ʳ֧һѧǵԡ
Ԫٵ
㻹ȥʳ
ЩԾ
ǣСסһʱ䡣
ã
ꡣ
Ԫɫ΢졣
ԪٵķӦ˼һλʱķִʳ²ֹСסһô򵥡
Ҳ˵ԴʳӦ÷ǳ˽⣿

СһЩ˽⡣
Ԫǰ㱼Щͼˣ
ʳȻͬǽӴ󣬿£ºǴҲࡣ
ࣿ˵ǴƻҪӴɡ

Ԫ΢𣬿壬ھȡڴƣ˶ΪӴĹңڴʳӡҲͣں͸߾Сӡϡ
µ˶ˣ˵ˡ˵ʳ࣬ѾǺܵˣû뵽Ȼֱ˵ʳȴƻҪ
ȨԪٻǵһͻȻоЩǰˡ
ԪӣȻȥʳǾ͸ˣңԴʳԼʳӡǺʹƱΣ
ûԪ˼ڵ
⡭
Ҫ˼ɣʵ뷨
ˡС˶ˡеֻ֪ḷ́ƣھ̣ദʵϣĴʳ˼͡뺷˵˹սʿǾ˹ˣȶҪԶԶѷ֮
Ԫٵͷ˵ĵһ仰Աߵӥɫֻ΢΢˵ͷû̫⡣
ʳ˺ηֹˣԼҲˡҼԼڲһսǰͺ̣ûһ˵ģһֱսһ̡
ʳסսʤһеĲƸԴʳ˵켫ķһ㣬ʦ˶֪СΪʳĻǵǵս
Сڴʳʱǵսһ˶ߣĸߴ˶ǵĳͱҲǿһ㣬˹˵ͻ˵սԶԶ޷֮ȡ
Сڴʳʱ򣬸оĻǴʳ˵˼롣ȻܶѹûȥƣǾͨ˶֪ƵĴڣҳҰºζԴƵ졣
Соеʱǵľ󳼵˵˭ƣͷ˭Ļʵۡ
¡
һʯǧˣԪٵĻ廹ӥǻһ¶𺳵ɫ
ʥʾϵĴڡʳʵⷬǶʥԼӡ
ΪһƥѪۺʹ֮ͱһԶ;սʳʵ۵ⷬȥ֮Ŀճ־õĴģս


692 ˹Ϣ
Ԫ٣㲻Ҫ˵ʳĻʵô˵ֻоԣҲܵҪȥ֪֪Ļ
ӥͻȻ
Ԫɫһϣ֪ʧԣտڲ˵
ˣӥ˵ģ
סӥ
췬дܱߵĹȣеľǵĶԴжôĲѷжôޣܸҵȺ棬˵ֻ
Ϊ⽫ֻ֮Դ
ңֻȷʵ֮ļս£ǲС¡ȴ֪ʳĻʵۿ»˵ⷭ
ʹܱߵĹҲͬʳңԶм֮ңԼĹȡҴʳԼǿ֮ʼͲϵ˷չɱ¾
ʳһܹӵôӴĹһʼôӴ󣬶ǲţ̲Ľһ˵ʳʵۻ˵Ļһ㶼֡
ʵϣʳѾצˡ
ĻԪ̧ͷͶȥмһƳ֪ΪʲôġĸоȨȫͬ
Ԫӣ˵
̧̧֣
͢ںҪһЩڴʳ˽ˣȥʳȴ޼ȻҲʲʲôԴⷽ棬ǷǳҪӸһЩпϵΪǣԳ͢ǳҪ
˵ɫһƬءڴʳЩ˽ˣûȥʳһǰڴƵ˽ҲȫֽͣϣԼ˵ĿڿС
ֵһֵϻûС
⡭ȻүС˵С˾ͶˡСʱʳоʳҴ֮СǵԸ񣬳쵽ġңʳߴ󣬴Сȵ̡̣ԵҬ棬ȣǣ±廹Ҫǿܶ࣬սʿټǵϰߣӳ䣬սԡС˸оʳ˵սʿ±ǴʿҪǿ󣡡
ʵ棬Ԫԥڻ˵˳
һ䣬ﾲĵġ
ӥǲ̫ţƵҪȻҲסܱߵģӲܳɾڵʢԪٱϾʳģĻҲܲš
壬һƬء
֪ʳ˲öԸԪٵĻЩԾԪӦȥģҲ˵ֻֻ˵һ㣬ЩʳսʿضǿޱȣҸ𺳣Żˡ
үԴʳ˵ıԣҴ֮С򲻿Сﰡ
Ԫٵͷ
ⷬ˵𣿡
ɫص
ⷬС˵˵͢Ϲӣֻϧ꣬η
˵Ԫһ̾
ˣ
ӥɫһ
Щ쵰û
ӥȭͷŭѡԪٻ˶ûϵġ
Щһȷʵ̫ˡ
ҲƤⷬԪ׿˵Ҳ֪͢£дʹڣչ֮
ڣѾȴԼԭְ𣬱ֺøʹڣѹԼ˵ĵط
үĵʲôˡµǰԽԽˣǱ̷˵ĵط
ӥŤͷ
ĬȻµǳӣһܵġΪֱʥʸģʥʸû˼ȥС¡
ң±ʵƿҲʥʣֻҪڣҪ⵹£;ô򵥵¡
Ҳȷʵôǡ
и֣۵Ķ԰ɣ취ɡ
嵭
ү˵ϴǸ˹Ǹ𡭡
ӥ̽ŵ
š
Цŵ˵ͷɫһɰ
ҲøһѵˣɱӺȴǸֺ˹˵֣ۿʼɡ
ǰúЩԱûʲô취ڣȨƺ͵λټ׵ݣѾӰ쵽͢ľơҪ뻻һѹԼˡֺ˹˵֣ۣ練ơ
ҲǶԺµһ档
赭д䣬Ѿһ¹ԱˣԪҲ̲ס΢𣬶ǰȨƺ͵λµʶ
Ԫӣʵ׼һѧݣרŽʳ֧˹أԼԣǴƶΧ˽⡣ѧ׼ṩʽ֧֣ѧݻȱһλ֪ǷԸ⣿
ǰԪ٣ЦһԼʵĿġԸͬҪ뾭ͱжøңʳ֧Ե˲š
Լõİ취
ү˻棿
һ䣬Ԫ͵̧ͷϲ
ӵ˼أ
΢Цŵ
֮ã֮á
ԪټѡĿҪһѧãԼ˵ԣӴƶڸ˽⣬УŻ
ֻϧھʦʮ꣬ûκһԸ˲ǱľǳԪ־ž뿪ʦԶ
ҵʱѾʰˡ
ȻԪû뵽־ʧʱ򣬾Ȼôת
ӣԺⷽͽˡӥȥһ¡İѧýɣߺϡҶǣӸѡʴӱӵܣ͵ѧãѧϰԡ
Ц
õԪԪӣ徭ļƻ绢Ԫؼļ룬Լƻϵһ©Ͳˡ
ǣү
ӥ˵ţܿԪ뿪ˡ
ӥԪ뿪󲻾ãһ˳ˡ
Сݼү
һһ̼ģ΢֣ʮָʮ觽ָϴһɺӣ̤˽幪
ؿɡ
΢΢ֵ̧̧Ԫٲһֱ̼֣⣺
˵ƾӪҺ˿֮·ϵҲϵʳմɺͲҶ
ү̧ˣȷʵһЩС⣬ҲһЩЩ̺⣬̫ԸԼ̼ǵһֱĲҲһЩСѡ
ڴʳ֧ﲻ֪ߵغڴʳ֧˲ٱǮû׬Ҳǿѡ

š
˵ͷ֧ʳ˼⣬ǰλԼһ壬Ǵ˿֮·Ӫļ塣
˿֮·һ˹ǣ֪֪֪
˹
̧ͷǰλЩ죺
߰ٶ˹ʯأ£С̵ʱҼһ档


693 ҵ
һ䣬ʱһдΪ⡣
£
һ֡
δǳƺʹʳ۹֮ײսмַǳؼáһ˹ǵĳ
֥ȻһˣΪ󶼻ص۹Ķ󽫣۹˫赡֮һ֥ʵӹɡ
оս֥صϲ٣ǧоڵ벻ķ
ϧǧǱһʧ֥ƽʧܣǵ͹˶֣û޶ʱ֮ǰһռ˹ǡ
һǧﱼϮϮսݱһճ־õĹս˹֮ǣֵ϶ס֥ľƾģ˹֮ǵĳ
һʧʧ֥ȻóϮҰսǹսȴ㣬˹ǵĳŵ˸֥ͰʧܣʹôƳ׶ƽӪͼ
˹֮ǵĳ֪˲࣬Ҳǵһ֪
½Ӵоһʲôˣ
üͷһʵ
ڱѣš˵һ飬º⣬ŵԷһǺ飬׵ز֪һ·׷飬ʱ䣬һֱ׷鵽Է󽫻ｻԷ׺ͶӣһһǮǶԹ¶ĸ
Ϊ飬˹ǻиˣǳŷ֪¼ŵƶᡣ
˵Ŷ˶٣ͷһת
ҺӴһʱ䣬֪λ˹ĳԶô򵥡Ԧ¼ϣĹأ¾˹Ѿߣˣˡ֪ж٣Ժܶ˶־η
˿֮·ӴƵʳ·;һĹҲǳ࣬Ժ̶ܶѡ͵͵˰˹ͬеĺ˹ǽ磬Ծģû͵͵˰ΰҲѡֻҵĵطǼѵõġ
û˵һ˫üȴ
˵飬Դ˵ԲʲôϢڣδʳʹ֮սڴƾԲ
һ飬֪ԸԸ⣿
ͻȻڵ
ү˵
ͷ
һˣ˹ʱעʳ˹Ķ򡣲ܷʲôֻҪκεķ紵ݶرǴʳκε춯ҶҪ㼰ʱıҡ

⡭үǺ˺ͺ˳಻ͬں֮зǳۣױע⵽¿ºѴĵʲôõϢĵɣʱѱ
һΪѵ
Ҳʮ˶һģȻɣȥЩ˾ͿˡӪ꣬Ӷ˶ɡ
Ц
⣬ˣҲδؿϸһİǮɻҲǳе¡
ɵ
״ֻȻһЦҲû粵ֻ˵֣
һƽ𣡡
⡭
ƽ𣡡
ǡ
ɵĲҶͬʱصĳ˰
ָ
үӢС˱ضȫЩˣƴΪǴЧʱע˹Ǻʹʳ˵Ķκεķ紵ݶС˱֤үضǵһ֪ġСЩѣүҪɵĴС˾ĸмͿˡ
˵һϿҡ
аЦ̣˵ˣǲԸ׸ɻ˿֮·ֺųƻƽ֮·ھǹľ˿Ͳ
͢ڹĿģ˿ͲƣÿҴ嶼жƣܳ
ҪõҶʹĶҲͲˡÿ¶ɵǽƽˣϸˮͱüΪɹۡ
ɽ
嵭Ƴһۣ
ˣԺ˿֮·ϵ̶ӣܹõ͢ٱĻ͡⣬˿֮·Ͻسǳص飬Ҳ֪ɡ
֪
ȻΣ˫ѩй¶еļ˿֮·Ӫģûв֪ǳصġ
ֻ΢ȲЩŴ廹ȨûҶᣬ֮ûκ뷨ôܣ
úǳҸ¼ءԺʲôҶؽκε˰ա
˵
лү£ԸЧҺүС˾ͿأҲһү˹֮ǵ£
ϲ˵ڵء
ĺѾ˿֮·ϵӪˡرڸ֮ŵǿƤǧ¡
ֻƾһ㣬ԺܹοŴδҷɻڴָտɴ
忴ŹڵϵЦ
֪֪˲ܰս֮ǹȻҪˮ·ҲһҪޣǴƵˣԶڴĴʳҲͬע
ʵѡûб˿֮·ϵ˸˽ˡ
ܿȥһ뿪ĻҵʮԼһӵĻƽЩֺͻƽ𣬶ǹ֧ġ
սıԺϢս˭Ϣ죬ͨ˭ıԸȫ˭Ӯҡ
ʱһͬ˼˻ԶԶࡣ
ڣҲȥһˡ
̧ͷԺһͷ
ǰյҵţ˵жԶûеô˳ⱲӵˣƺϱӸӵ͡׺ҲӵĲԸѱ
ҵδͨ󽫵ݣȻҲ˴ӣò˵ǳ⡣
֧պµĵһվҪȥշ
ݣ
֮Ӿʦһ·ƺƵ˿֮·˶ȥʷĳֹǰҪȥǿ׺ͬʱҲշĲ¡

ϣ¤һƬççȺɽӣɽ嶸ͣվһͻԨˤķǣɽвʱаããڵҰʧ
ټطƶ񤣬޽Ҳޱأûе·ͨ˿֮·ϵɽ˶Ը
ͺһ֪Ҳʽ
ˡ
ˣЩҲ̫ˣǲҲͰˣȻѺүҲˣֱ޼ɵ޷죡¿ǾӦõǳ׽𡣡
ͺͺɽϣһƬƬɵǰƮһżеĽӴ󣬾һҵŭ⡣
ǣ˶䣬޴̫ˣ
ҵֱߣһҲŭ˵ʱ򣬻ͷһĵ棬ɵУһӰڵϣκǽ˵ͬš
ɽƧķӣԸⷭɽԽ룬ʿѾ൱ˣõЩ˲Բѷһҹǡ
ҪҵˣֵסǣѾ°ˣ


694 ˴壨һ
أ
һԳԳ˷˵໽Ӱããд໽̴٣һԵģľζ
ˣ
໽׷ױɫ
Ҫʼжˣ
һҲ
׼ɣǶǲ뿪ģ
ҵվɽǰĿ⿴Զᶨûһ˿һĶҡ⼸Ѿüˣҵռ⴦ɽ£ʼûкˡ
ɷԳؼȻӦ˹ӣôжôļգжôɣԲˡ
أ
ããУ໽ԽԽ٣ҲԽԽӿһľ˷Ҫʼж
ҵ໽ɫ򶨣ֻǰ˼

Ӿʦһ·һȺִ˸Ѿǰº顣
ôϢ𣿡
վһƬɽۣ֮屳˫֣ڵ
ûУԴϴηϢ֮󣬾ѶȫޣûһȺɽççҲϵ
һ˵
š
˵ͷϲû˿ı仯ҵδܴ󽫣չǷ˳嶼ţʵԲκε⡣
ĬƬ̣ܿŤͷĿǰһƬȺͦΣԱΧɽֹ߳ĳɽ롣Ƭɽ纣һֱӵ˴صľͷ
ƬççȺɽÿ˶ܸоһֻԶζ·ʱһʶҪ롣ֻƬççĳɽ룬УȴС
ֻˣ
ǰȻһ̾ипѡ
ⲢһοƬȺɽǴǰӣȴǵһοӡƬơٵӽȻͬ
˻֮ǰӣ
а
վƬȺɽǰѾкüʱЩǧƪһɵȺɽУȴǧٱȻһ㡣ΪƬɽ˶Ը˵Ⱥɽ֮УǡǡδƵϣڣ

µһã
ڽĩ֧ǧ˵ľϣͼУҲǿı̡
Ҫı£ͱӵһֻʵģǿʵҵ϶ﲻ׼ӸҴľִﲻ׼֥ųƴҲﲻĿꡣ
ľӣǡǡƬǧɽƾյȺɽ;֮С
£ûһطָܸоˡ
׼𣿡
ͻȻعͷ
ү׼ˡ
󣬸߷塢ҹӦ
һΣֲֻ࣬ǣмʮ֮սҴľ񣬶־֮ս弫ŷҳϵĸ֡
Ȼ壬Уĵλ±ǸԵļҪߡ
߰ɣ
״˵ͷһӣ˿ʼж
Ӵɽɽ뿪ˣûֱǰǱվͦεĳɽ룬һȦȥһط
˿֮·ӾʦԽԽǻƫƧ·棬ΪƫƧĵطɽ˶Ըȥĵط֪ǳġ
һЩƵĳɽ룬ҲòϣҪ뷭ԽЩΣյȺɽһ򵥵£ҪԽȺɽģ˵Ĵ䣬Ҳ⡣
ȴ֪ƬȺɽȻ󲿷ֵطΣաͣвǵԨ³ƬȴһԲôͣҲԸȫġС
˴УҪطࡣ
ˣ
ʱ֮󣬾ھԭλʮ⣬̧ͷǰλƷ֮䣬Ʋ֮£Ⱥɽ֮ӳճһ׾ġһ족
⴦һ족ʮ׸ߣĳ߶Զ׾졣壬˸ֲˡ
үô֪
߷һ࿴һۣǰ졣
ӾʦǺ嶼Ǵ粽롣ȫԿ϶֮ǰӦȫûе֪Ϊʲôȴָơ
ǸҺ棬Ҫ߶ˡǳΣգһСģǵΪɽϵɵĸ߶ȣһˤ÷ǡ
忪ڵûĸ߷ҡ
侳ģ侳ǿߣûзݵصЩվĸ߷ϵһ·һҲ·ϵɽ˲ԸѨԸԭ
ǣү
ûж˵һȽˡһ족С
һ·룬ൽ᾵ɽ壬ŵҲǼɽʯƺҪݴˡءͻȻ֮䣬ԶԶģһ໽֮ͻȻԶȺɽ֮𵴡
ү
߷塢ɫһ䣬ϣУ¶˽䱸ɫ
ؽţˣȥɡʱûǡ
ЦЦס˸߷塢ңǸոճʵĵְ˻ȥȻ֮·ϣϾɽ˺У֮ڣһֱźܸߵľԡ
ˣ˵ľʵǺǿġ
һû䰡
ԶԶ໽Զ¶һ˿΢Цůůġ
ʽ飬滯ľѵ֮ǰ˻һֱԭʼĴͳɽԭʼվĵòѵݵ֣ͬԳһɽ䵴ȥ̴ֻ٣ХȺɽ֮лϵͨޡ
ԹЩĴսҪ죡
ԽԽڴˣ
ĿѩԶ͸һ˿ڴɫ
ߣϡ
һʼʱ򣬵ƻȽϵͰģƾԽԽߣҲԽԽͣ·ҲͱԽԽߡˣ֪˶ãͻȻ֮䣬һƬƬããӿ
ˣСġ
ƬйŹ֣
߷塢ƤһбܵӿһΣյĸоڻǴ죬һ˽ʱ̫ͷϣޱȡҲʲô죬Ƭ̫ˡ
֮ǰХԽˡ
Ǻǣýţһɽ͵£ЩصװȪһȽϴ󡣵ص¶ȱȽϸߣԾγƬûʲôֵġ
΢΢һЦ֮ҲӰˣ߷ҵ˷׷׷
˺ºö˳⡣
ƫƫĵطֳΣաһСˤͻǵĳɽǵһߣããǵڶߡ֪ɱ˴ߣȥǵʵҲ٣Ǵ󲿷ֶꪳɳ
ܶһ߶岻ȥ˵ǵڶˡ
Ψһɹġ
˲ͬЩȥˣɽƮŨҵİšڼһرĵ°Ȫ֮жϳ˰ããγɵԭ
ǵĵǰסԷıңЩͻʧǺΣաΣյģµĹֺԨһСĵȥҲȲǡ
嵭
߷һ࿴һۣﻹҶ˵ǰʧŨҵİ֮С


695 ˴壨
ããŨʱʱĴ˽űߵʯӣյ׹£þú󴫹Ļ˶ľѡ壬һȣݲȣͥŲ
߷ҽߣеԽԽǰȫ淽ҲκεĶȴһ㶼š
ûŲƺʼ֪Լһ
֪˶ãΧı䵭ʱ򣬸߷аϲ֪Ҫ뿪Χˡ
ߣһɻֽڣҲұ𣿡
ɢδɢʱͻȻһСŮĹģɵıԹߴʯӵд
үǣ
һȺ˷׷ǰ塣
ˡ
ϤǵЦԽԽŨˡϸ顢ɽʯУķȥǸСŮԹԽԽҲԽԽ
ڣڣڣ
ƳͷƳͷ
Ӵ鷳ˣˡ
ãүү֪󱿵үү

СŮԽԽξЩʮ¶ע⵽ˣһ¶ɫЩɻЩȤ
ûĲ£ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ѭķܿ쿴һ˾СŮֻܽǱ棬һģ廹ҩ¨һ޴ģͺͺʯϣʯԱһģͬһɡ
СŮԼ忴ĳ࣬ȴţŨŨĲ
ž
ţͻȻһʯСŮ£ߴ˫ţͻȻһವһ´ʯϻŤͷ
һɲǣڿĳࡣһ۵СŮͼеȻ̫һüֹȴܹǸѾͷӡ
СŮŴҩ¨һֻһض˵ľһֻŰֻҩˣӦþǸոձԹʱ򣬲СŪϵġ

ɽͻȻֵ壬һȺİˣСŮľ֣ͻȻһѾӣȾܣ
壬壬ˣˣл˽ˣ
УСŮʾ˺Ͳݺٶȡһ˫Сڵһ̤Ѹٴʯ˳һɣȻڵ˳ɣڼ᾵ɽʯ֮䣬˸èѸٵʧԶ
ٳֵʱѾǶʮ֮⡣
ʱҲһգ۵ʱ䡣
⡭СŮǹ
˾СŮٶôô죿

߷塢ңк󷽵һȺоĴ㵡СŮֳٶȺݣ侳ļ𣬵ֻ˾갡
ۿСŮŴҩ¨ܿҪʧҲҲûȥ׷ϣֻ˵һ仰
С̣ʲô
ˣ
һ仰ԶèһڼܵСŮһ㣬ڽܵ£ȻֹȻͣ
ڽ𣿡
СŮʯ̽һͷЩŵĻͷ塣
˵ͷЦ
ոսʲô
СŮһ
ѵǽС𣿡

ô֪ҵ֣
СŮ۾ôģҲˣվڶʮĵطһѶʯһ˫Բ۾ϸĴӡ
û⼸İˣûмǾȻ֪Լ֡
Ҳֻ֪С̣һ֪һ䣬צѩ׵ĺꡣ
΢΢Цһ˵ţһߵСŮոնԣǿʯ
ܣ
СŮ۾ôģѱϵĴҩ¨һ˦ԱߵʯʱҲˣĺѹһж¡
͵͵һצ飬ֻд֪Ǿ˶֪䣬ǰİô֪ģ
ô֪ҵ䣿
СŮ۾һһѾȫǰİˡ
Ȼһ㶼û䰡
尵Цĺ棬ͼеһ㶼ûб仯
үүɲҩɵ𣿡
Ʋ
ߣһȺ֪۸ңﵽʯͷȥڼݣ
һᣬСŮ˽ĹĵģһžͰѽűߵһʯ˳ȥ
һţȻǿȭͷСʯͷ߳ȥʮԶĸ߷ңԼʮƤֹ
СŮʵڴþˡ
Ҫڼݣǻ򵥣Ѷù
ǣү
һܿһĸߴһ޴ӣ˹
򿪰ɡ
̧̧֣ҿӣ˲һҩݳǰ
ڼݣ
ҩݣСŮ۾һȻһ˹ȫǸͲǴġ
ۣڼݣڼݣô֪ҪڼݣºˣЩڼݣ¶Բˡ
СŮһ˷ܣֻץڼݣһ㿪ĵЦ
忴һĻҲЦ
˴ڷƽǰʵǷǳġҵļжʧܣҲ㣬жƺԼôס
ԽǿԽ׳ˡô׳Щ߾ͲʧôˣҲֻʣʮ֮һˡ
֮Ī˱Ͼݣܳ͢ĵֻҪõҪа˲ûа취
ǰС̵СŮеĹؼ
˼⣬ֻҪİˣĻᶼûУͻܵܶһضûдȥѾʧˡ
ȴ֪˴һؼ͸˵ĺøкͬ˾ǰķС̡
֮Դһ룬ҲΪƽ׽һЩΪ֪С̾ڲҩ
Щڼݾ͸ˡ
Ц
ˣԴȥүү𣿡
ʶүү
СŮͷüëһľȡ
ʶ
ҡҡͷ
ҾͲܴȥˣүү˵׼İ˽ӵġ
СŮͷ
ȻʶүүһүүԴȥ𣿡
Цͷ
СŮ¶һ˿ɻɫܿ۾ƺֱͷ谮ĸо
ȻʶүүһүүԴȥ𣿡
Цͷ
СŮ¶һ˿ɻɫܿ۾ƺֱͷ谮ĸо
ѡүүүүүүѣүүѿֲ֪ô飬֪ҵ䡣
СŮƺͨʲô۾ĵЦ
үүѣǾûʲôˡߣҴȥүү
СŮ˵ţϵ䣬ڼϣ㣬תߡ󣬸߷ҵˣĿɿڴ


696 ˴壨
үСŮʲôôô
ǰȻڼݲأӿɲᣬôô
߷ߵ
Ǻǣ˴壬Ժϰ߾ͺˡ
ȻһЦۣߡǰԼСŮ
㰡
СŮٶȱĻҪöࡣ
һ·ɽԽԽͣҲԽԽߡǸ·СŮʼսɣٶû˿
ں濴ʱֻСŮʯͬèһ㣬ޱȡ
߷ҵԽԽȣʼѡΪԼķأｨǵʱ˻ûж룬ڣѾû˸򵥵Ĵˡ
ֲùӻѳǳؽӦþΪ˴ɡ
߷ߣҲЩˣÿһǱô򵥡
һֻа˾СŮѾӵ־˵츳ٶȣݶȣҪԶԶˣ߷ҶоԼЩ˴жôͿ֪ˡ
߷ڶ˴ԽԽ档
СŮǰߣĶԽԽӡ
ʲôˣô˴壡
ͻȻһԶĳɽ봦δ䣬¡¡Х˻ûӦɿȺɽϣһʯͻȻС󣬳СŮݺݵ˹
ֻһգۼ䣬ǿʯ͵ͷһɲǣ˿һֱһߣǧصľ޴ʯ
ôʯֻ¸ұ񣬸˵Ѫ֮
ˣ
忴һĻһЦûжһ̣ˣ˷޴ʯ廹һɶԶͱһεǽ赲ڿУһ
ɲǼ䣬˷һƬţԶȺɽĵģеĿⶼ𾪵Ŀͷ޴ʯ
СŮعͷŴͿ
壬󱿵ҵѣ
СŮͻȻعͷԶȺɽĹĵĴ
ʲôѣС̣ǲǴˣ㲻Ҫƭˣ
ͱУһܻСŮҪ
ѣҲʲôˣʲôģϽ˳ȥڻü
壡ô˵أ˵ҵѣǻүүǸڼݣ֪ҵĺ䣬ˣǹȥ
СŮ˫ĿָŶĴ
䣿
һӳˣԽԽСԶԶһ乾棺
Щһô֪ģѵ峤ѣ
˴֪СŮĺ˲࣬ǡǡ֮һǴˣǾԲ֪ġ
վں󷽣ЦĿСŮԼ˽档
ԭСʱֲóƢô𱬡
аЦ
ԶСŮеľѡ
Ȼ֪䣬Ҳǻˣˣǹȥɡ
һ䣬˵ĿУԭһ˵Ĺ⻬ͱϣһӰͻȻͱһεѷ˳
ݣֻһͷԳһ㣬ڹ⻬ͱϣԮɣһݾʮɣɸߵĹ⻬ͱڣƽأͣٶûУգʧӰ١

ɽϣ߷һʮһӾʦһĿɿڴ
侳ĸ֣Ҳûôɡ
˼飬Ƨ֮ؾȻĸ֣ǵôɵģ
߷ҵȫˣǶֵطĸ֡
ϰһ°ɣЩ˻ĸ֣Ԯɽ롢£ƽص˴ȱȽǡ
һƽδĲ£ǵԼβ
߷ǿĲͨûҲܳΪǿ
أ
ڼ˵ʱһһԳԳ˷˵ĹХԶֻһգۼ䣬ԭƿһ˵ĳɽУһһԳӰɽ˳ǻȺɽƮȥͱڼԮ¡
һһӰϵعХţȺɽУȻѸٵʧԶȺɽ
ѾȫĿˡǽطȫǵ
ϣ
кһ˺ܿ׷ȥ
ǰСŮ˼ûôӣ˷ǻᣬѾܳȥһٶˡ
ֻ޴䣬ʼճ˵ҰУǰƶôһСŮѾʧˡ
ʵΣ˿̵ɵġһжϤУֲȫһ
壬ӦþǷС̵壬ˡǰС˵ܶ飬۰ľֻϧǳƽ١
ˣԾͰͷСһȥҲԱ飬ԲСһΡ
ţһ㶼ڷСǰȥ
һ˲ܴŴ磬òʣ˴е˸룬ޱȣһ·ϲ˳ء
ʱ򣬷С˴еӰ͵λ¶˭֣С̶ǿǸĻ䣬һֲָ˭˭ӲİЩһܣһ·ͨĳ˴ȥ
һ·ϣֵԽԽ࣬һȥɣľѡ

ӻһξ룬ͻȻ֮䣬һʲôָԶеѭʱֻ·Ҳ࣬ӽһɸߣͺͺ±ߵĵطһʮ˴Ĵ񣬳ྫ죬Ȼ
ֻЩ˴Ĵÿһһ޴ʯϵ̧ϰЩʯ涼Ǽǣÿһ鶼һǧأЩ˴Уͺһջأջء޴صʯǵ̩ɽһĲûá
ÿ˶ķʽģмģеʯǴﵽ˶ǧأϵ̧𣬷£̧𣬷¡
Ǽһʲô
棬û˸ַʽ

еˡ
˲õѵʽպյľҶյѵʽѵǿȣѾԽ˺ܶľǵҴ塣
Щμӹ֮սʮ˵սϳľ񣬶еզࡣ
ֻǵȻһ֪û̫⡣
һˮһˣ˴Ⱥɽ֮Уƶǳɽ룬ӡֻ£ˣõѡ񡣲ͱ֮ƽأɣǧʯѵֻĽ
µֻҲͰˣӦˣһֵطĺôʵǿݼߣٶȼսʿûʲôֵˡ


697 ߳ǣԳ
˴˼Žᣬ˾֮Уͱ˾ԵҳϺͷӣսϣͱ˾ѵĬŶϡ
ǧ˵ȥ磬սͣʵԶԶԽı֣ͻʵ˹˵ϻʹָټı裬һֻսϵͿ֪
˵һֱõģһֻ
ƽٻûзһжлᡣ
ˣǰǴˣһҪڼݽʮ幫ֻܴǵˡ
ţǰСŮͻȻ˵ˣ˵仰תıĳǰȥһ˴˾ۼһһͷģ꣬˵ʲô
СŮ߹ȥָǣͷģߴߴһŤͷǵķһۣһ˿Ĺâܿͻعͷ˵ͷƺӦСŮʲô
߸磬һоͽˡ߿
СŮ˷ܵĽһͷǰ˰֣Ȼͱֻӣ˷ܵĳһ߿ˣֻһʯʧӰ١
׼һ£»һսˣ
ͻȻڵ

СŮѾ𣿡
߷塢㵡һ·ѾϰСŮǿ̲ˣȫСŮˡôŸһ뿪Ҫˣ
ô࣬ˡ
嵭һҲţ΢Цǰʯ͵Ĺ㳡ϣһ˹ȥ֮УҲˡ
֪Լһ˵ǣһӵڼݣЧҲ͵ΪֹˡοĻǸԹ۲ݵļһ
棬СŮеġ߸硱Ҳ˹
СŮǰºͲһǰ߸硱ҪĶࡣ
Χ
߸һӣĵһ飬ǰ˰ΧৣԭߵһԾɣֻһɲǣͰ塢߷塢ңʮдȫΧ
Сģ
ϣʣͬʱ߷塢ҵɫһ䣬屣ġ
߸硱Ƴһ۸߷塢ҵеĵ
˵ߣǰɣ峤ѡߣ˵ǣҲƭƭС̣²˼ߣӦþǳİɡ
߸Ŀޱȣһ۾Ϳ˵ø߷ҵ˻Ȼɫ䡣
ߣȻҲ˰ɣ־ܣһһ·Ļͳͳɱ⣡
һ仰ȴǶ˴Щͬ˵ġ
Ǹң
֪ǹ˭𣿡
ҶԳ͢ٶ֣

廹û˵߷ҵ̲סˣҲŭɫǽŵڣʥ׷˶֪ޱȡ
Щ˾ȻҪɱ¾͢ֱ裬޷졣
ߣҿɲ֪ʲôֻ֪͢͢˴壬ǴǴӣ˵е͵
Ÿ˵ţĿԽıһֻ̧𣬳ԶһӣݣԶϣиͱϣһྫĿһ׷״Ӹط
ǵٶȼ죬ֻһգ۵Ĺ˵ΧӰ˸ΧȺѸֹ
߷ҵˣɫһ䣬дŭѣЩ˵ļƣȻǸĶǶ֡ǾݣȻſȫӳ͢ϡ
ˣ
ڸ߷ҵ˿ҪͲסʱһֻסǡ
齻ɡ
˵ĸҺ͹ֱǺϵģԶôױѱģ˸ˡ
Ȼ߷ҵ˵Խܣ˵ӡ
߳ǣ㻹һ㶼û䰡
΢΢Ц˵ĵһ仰öġ߸硱ɫ䡣
㵽ʲôˣôֵ֪ģ
߳ͫһɫޱȡ
ǺǣҲ֪߳ǣһ֪㳣ΥĹأ͵͵ܵȥ
Ц
˵˵
߳Ƕʱɫ䣬۽ֹסĿһĵ˽ӣ
ֵǣǣ
û˶֣߳΢΢һͬһ߰ش˳ȥˣû˿ףһ⻷׹£ɲǼŨ̹סΣҲ赲סߡ
ৣ
һգ۵ʱ䣬һֻڵƴŨĲӰȻֻͨѪָ̳֮ȴ·һ㣬˳ָһ߶೤Ľâ¶
ָУɣǸҲᱻ̳
֮
ڰ֣֮
һ˳˴Ÿ߼ѧ֮ԻֵߣǶԼȴû˿Ӱ죬ԼݶȺͳٶȡ
ڰ֮֮ʩչһʩչֱīҷޱȣ絶һ㡣
һԻߣױһ˲ɱ
Щ˴ˣкܶ˾ǰ˵һиǰŪ
飡
ֻһţ߳ǻûпͱߵڿն𣬺¡һ߰ĵطʯɽ
ˣɲǼ䣬Χѻȸе˿źȺ壬͸¶𾪡
߳Ȼ˴ʵǿģͬУȽĸ֮֡ͺڰֲ֮û޹ʱ򣬵ǾԲһоơ
󲿷ûƴ֮ͺڰֵ֮ʵѾ˱ˡ
С̵ǴЩˣ
֮ͺڰ֮־ô׾ͱƵģСйŹ֡
СģҪ⣡

˷һ˿˵Ŀ֮ǰʱȻͬǰֻʮ߰꣬һֱǳǳЦݣȻͲ󣬵Ǹ˵ĸоȴ񿴴еʵһ㡣
е˸оĲ˼顣
䣡
һ죬߰ɿ⣬߳һͦӵ͵վĿ絶һ㣬ңң壺
ܣҾţɺϣ
߳ҧгݣһܵ˼Ĵ̼Ŀô˿ţȫҲסӡ
ûкذ
ʧЦ
˶ʮʱ䣬ڵ߳ǻԶûкϳɳأҲȱһ˳ᢺָ
߳ǲŸȤ
е
߳ǸԼߣϳɳأָӣͻȻʱççײײððʧʧӣҲһζ
¡
һ࣬߳ȴ֪˼룬ߵЦУֻԽķŭͿ
Գ
߳ǽһ̤ȫ̹ӸѨӿһ̣ϢȻһ䣬һǲĴ죬ʵֱӰθ㣬ݡѣɽͰĺء
𣡡
һУ߳Ǳĺ̾ۼȻһͷһɶߣʵʵĺɫԳ


698 ֣
һɲǵ߳ȫһƵģ˾֮ǰȻͬñŰΣգԺ͹
Գ˴񹦣ǸɽеľԳɵĹԴ˵ݣٶȡ
˴УŹҪ֮ͺڰָ֮߼öࡣ
𣡡
߳ǰһУԳΪһ塣¡δ߳һץһǧ˶ʯ㣬͵سͶȥ
˶ʯ󷽣߳ͻʳ㣬˹ȥ
¡ʯ£ͬһĻٴη޴ʯ廹ɣͱһεס̩ɽڿС
ԳɢôԻҰ
΢۾žʯ߳ǣû˿Ĳ߳ǻɵԳַ񡢱ŰԵϢƺû˿Ӱ졣
ͣ
߳ǻԳ޴Գۺݺµɲǣ΢ţһƾâţһɲǣɾתͻȻ֮һָ߳Ҹ¡ĥѨ
ɲǼ䣬߳һ٣ͺ񱻴ƵƤһ㣬ɢѸɾ޴Գ仯ԭӡ
ܣ㵽ʲôˣ
߳ģȥȴȫϣ־Ͳ˼顣
˴ٺϵѧ˸޴֪󲿷˴ˣ˴ѧô£Ѿ²ˡ
ĸоͺ֪еܺһ˴Գǰȫûܿԡ
˵ʼĸоֻһܻӭġߡĻôڣ߳ǵУǰЩߡѾɲˡ
ÿµĩᾮѨԪѨѨǲʹ̰λ߲һɳӿȪβѨңӦÿԽߣ鴤ˡ
΢΢Ц

߳۾ôģһȵɫ
ܣ
ܣ
Բܣ
߳Ժк¡¡һ㣬һָԳԶԶû⼸仰ĳ
Գģÿ˵츳ʣÿͬĵطҲͬ
Ҿ˰Լˣζÿ˵ֻԼ֪
ᾮѨԪѨѨѨ߳׽˶û˵ǰʮ꣬ô֪ġ
ңѨĩʱŻֻᷢԳ˲Ż֪ģ֪ġ
һɲǣ߳ͻȻִδйģͷƤըĸо
Ҷ߸綯֣һϣɱǣ
û߳ǿڣͻȻ֮һŭԱߴ˴ΪŽᣬۿ߳ǽ˿˸һߡŭޱȡ
ˣ֪˭һ˹ȥŵڶĸ˷һӰ׷˹ȥ
̹һȻͬĹ⻷Щ˵ͷţ׹
֮ڰ֣֮Գľʯ֮һ⻷ŸɫЩ˵ͷų
Сģӣ
߷塢ңԼһȺ׷װγɫţػΧ
𣡡
һܴһģȴһǧص˶ʯЩʯڿзţХţԼٶȣ˵ͷ
һǣо֮ս׷¶˽ŵɫ
˵ʵǿҲǼǿĶ֡ôһ˲˸о˾޴ѹ
ÿ˶оһŨŨϢ
˿֮·ϣĬĬŵСط̶ѨΣա
߷塢ңǱԼˣЩ˽ɡ
ŵʱ򶨵ͻȻɲǼ䣬˶оһİ
¡
һǿ˴ڱϯľ޴ʯ뻹ɣȫڿиλãһ
ɵ
˴廹ôţȻҶ߸֣Ϊʰ𣿡
嶯峤䣡

һŭХУһϢǿ׺ޱȵˣ׷˹ȻûЯκеָơֱۣȫͬǿӲ
ӣ
߷̼Ӻ洫
𼱡
һƽµˣ΢΢̣¶һ˿Цݣ񵭶ţ
컯
һ߲͵˵Ķû˿ԥ˲ʩչеһĴаֻһɲǼ˷˷һʵǿһӴ£ʱͬߵķһ㣬ڿת̶
ûһ˿£Ҳûһ˿
ʮգͬһ˿ҿƵǣľż˦֮ڶǳ棬Ƕסˡ
֮սʱʵԵøӾǿҲӵĸĪˡ
ʮ侳侳ڿУͣ趯ţһȦһȦٶԽԽ죬ҲԽԽͣһȫ޷ԼֳǼ𺳵ġ
үʵԽԽǿˣ
󷽣һӾʦſУޱȡ
ЩȺʶ¡ͱڼƽأɵĳҲʶճüǧʯӣѾһս׼
˭Ҳû뵽ֻһУЩ׺˶ʱһڿնȫ˹ȥһûܴ
һս׼ȴ֣һ˾ͽˡ
үʵһǧɲⰡ
𺳲ѡ

飡
һ࣬ȴûˣפУǵЦԽŨˡ飬ָָֻꪣ΢΢ɲǼ䣬˷ڣ̵ĽУһһڡ컯£ײһ˦ڵϡ
컯ֻǿɶԷĹͬԱ仯һǿѧʽӴȫԽκʵԼߣȥǣƶŪڹ֮䡣
ͣսѵսʿǻиõİţȻʱǵǡ
ҵȣ
ҵȫˣã
ҵҲһȫ쵰㵽ʲô
峤峤þ幫ǹЩʵ̫ǿܶԸ˵ģ

ʮˤڵϣĿľ̡ǵƲأȴȫ߲ˣǣǸе𾪡
һѾȫǶѧ⡣
쵰ʲôˣ׵Ǵʲô
ؾųǺݺݵȭͷʮָ졣УΨһվŵģҲֻˡؾųڵɫǳѿҲû뵽ԼҲ˰ģûֹǣ˾ȫڵˡ


699 ʯƲ
ʲôҲ˵Ҽѵģ
΢΢һЦ
ڵؾųȻ书ҲϾպǸؾųǡԼʮ󲿽ĩҪɳδǸ˳ᢵġŴˡ»ҪһЩʱա
ڻǲ˺̫Ľ̸ͽӴ
ߣ
һ֣Щ˴ˣǰȥ
Ҫ˴ˣƲ˴Ĵ峤ҲСŮС̵үү
˴壬ôΪﻹĵ𣿡
˵ʱʱ죬˴ˣ׼ʱͻȻһ̹ǵСɲ֮䣬ͷ·׵ս˱ĺһ˶оһȻ㿴һ˶ġʯͷݺݵ塣
ʲô
һͻȻʧ
ÿ˵һۿʱ򣬶Ϊһ˶ġʯͷǵǿʯͷſָ˲ŶȻ֣Ǹʲôʯͷһ޴ʯͷơ
¡
ʯȭ䣬𶯣̳ʯȭǰԣվڲԶԺ֮һ

΢΢۾̧ͷգжһصɫ֮ǰɲͬն
һɲǣ˶ǰģʲô޴ʯͷһʮ׸ߣ佫ģʯͷˡ̧ͷʱǾ˻ֻһһš
һ̣º¡¡죬һѷڶ͵ϣܿ죬һһ޴ʯһε£Ʊڶͬʯһշʯͷ˵Ҽ硣
¡¡һУգۼ䣬һһģһʯͷұƾճ֣װɣ˵ҰС
ֱۡҽţ̶ʱڣʯͷѾȫ͡
ͷţһŴ佫ģľˣʯͷļУϣηʮ׵ߣʹĽ£ͬһ㣬΢Сã
ʯ
Ժһͷ˲˳
ʯ˴ѧ֮һԿƷԲ֮ڵʯΪŴ佫ģʯˣҲǡʯ
ѧǿޱȣɵʯڻ侳ǿңֻҪΧдʯͷʯͿԴԴϵĵõ޲Ҳζʯˣڲ֮ء
ôʯͷУκҲ˺ʯڲߣҲʯѧǿ֮
˴滷ɽǳɽ룬ȱľǸּӲʯͷ
ˣֻ£Ҳܷӳʯǿġ
Ĳֹ˴ܹʩչʯ˾Բ࣬ܳλõģֻ뵽һˣ
Ʋ죡
˴ΧĻ֮һ
ڴƽ֮ǰκһ뵽ӺĵˣʼģǻƲ졣˴ڶ໤Уġʯ뻯ǵ͵Ļ侳ǿߣʵԶ֮߳ǰ
˴ĹǸ֮һ
߹˴ʱ˴赲ǧߣһ˾Ͱסһλ˴У൱Ѳ
ֻϧĻƲ죬ڴƽս˴ʼĹǸ
벻Ȼˣ
̧ͷǰΡȻǿ׳ʮ׸ߵġʯ΢΢ţȴû˿η塣
ķСԼûɵʱʱʱԼ̧ͻ˵λʯó뻯ĻƲ졣ȻʵˣҼȳ⣬Ʋȴĺӡ
䣬ͬʱҲ䡣κܹסУܹĺøУܹƲͻԶԷѸٸı̬ȡ
ܶԷҲǰаƲͻѶԷֵܣͬԷԼˡ
һ˹صǿߣƵĸ׷ϣ˴壬ͻƲսһƲ첻ʶºȻٰάԼ˴
˲ò˳ȥ
֪Էһ˹ˣڴƲ⣬Ʋ컹ôɣճ̶жͿ֪
ܻƲЩԸ⣬˴˾֪ȴ֪žǵϲԼ̧ķСҲ벻Լһս
¾ȤˣͦоͿӮĺøУ
ž޴ġʯа·ܹ͸ʯУʯزһصӸ´Լ
̹˵ڷС̿λԸЩ⣬ڴƽսĻҲ൱ĺ档˴кܶĸֶ˴ƽС
ʵ൱ϧġ
ٶȵͦģΪܿù𣿡
ʯʮ㣬ӴͷϷ廹˼ʱ򣬾ʯХƲȻһʯ¡һ֮ٳȻ˹
һʯڿУ¡Ʋһ̤£رѣһǧصľʯε£ʮ׵ʯУȻڵ㳯˹
ڶ飬飬Ŀ顭
һ޴ʯڰ㣬˹ȥХһʯͷ߷塢˾ʯĹ֮С
ƲĹȻֻǳһˣежһͬʡ
Сģ
һȺԽԽԾ׷ܡ
˴أԽԽ˳ԾôɣڳɽȥĴҲͰˣһܹƽľˮеʯԪأ˵ĸо˿֮ս˹ش󽫻µ廢֮׵ġհ͡
˴ʲôµҲͰˣƫƫƫƧڴ֮ǰǺү˵𣬴ǹѹ֪ôһط
㣬ͳһ侳ǿߣе𺳾Ϳ֪
صģͷʯˣͽ
ҡʱİͻȻ˶Сԭ߷˵ǧʯǻɣͻȻڿһ৵ĻһߣȻתٶȲǰɽġʯ˹ȥ
ˣ
һ£˴һƲʯġʯҲԲһ£Ȼλ˴յΧһҲ൱ĳԾ
㣬;ʹУ
ĴЦڿлصڶ飬飬ĿʯڿкХָһӶһ㣬ͬԾ˵ٶȳʯХȥ
Ʋ׳ЩʯȻûһܹв

Ʋ첪ȻŭȻһȭǣľʯȭ˴ôãû
СˣСʽһöûá治ַʽҡôãû˸ǰôڣ۰ɣ
Ǻлصһ̣¡¡𶯣Ӵɽʯָ棬һץ꣬˳ԾĿУʯȻӵץһϸʮ׳ľ޴ʯì


700 ܻƲ죡
ʯìһ֣һεи졣ʯͷڲԽԽܣҲԽԽӲұʯ۷׷ɣѸٵ¶һε·
䣡
һ޴ʯì˲ԭվĵطʵĵͱһ޴Ŀһʯʮ֮ߣ̳뵲ɢ
ӵ𣡡
ʯ쳹أδ䣬ܵɲǣʯ̤ԺӴƥļݺٶȣȻһȭ˹ȥ
ȭͷûп޴ѾҳһղƣԲʮɵķΧڣһľ죬еһжŤ
һȭУû˻ɣǾǷǵ³
ƻʯȷʵó뻯ϧ򣡡
һ仰ʱڹЦһ仰ͻȻޱȡ
䣡
ʯ䣬˵ĿעУƮƮǺЦڻƲĹУͥŲһ㣬趯ϵƲĹ
һ£ͻȻҽһڣżֱ̤ʯ޴ȭ档䣬һڣʯȭһɾ¡һһ̤׹ڵϣ̳
ˣ
˷пһĻ˴ˣƤƲ˴ΧػʵĿá˴ǰҲ˴Ǵ󲿷ԶƲͱˣûһ棬ܳ»Ʋһұۡ
ûõģҵĶ֣
Ʋһ࣬һֱ۱ҲûκεӰ졣¡¡󣬾̤ұ׹ɲǣƲ컯ʯֳìһìͱ˹
ͬʱ꣬ʯεض𣬷Ʋұֻۣһգۣһһģһʯޱۣ˲͡䣬ָһ£Ʋڶȭ˹ȥ
䣡䣡䣡
Ʋ쳹׵ķŭˣ˫ȭųìһ㣬ͣĳ䡣ԲڣȫĹַΧ֮ڡ
Ʋÿһȭ£ֹǧ֮ءֻҪһȭǸҪ飬οѪ֮
˼ɵǣʯٶޱȣ޴κζΪ֮ʧɫ
ҵҪʲôʱ򣡡
ƲЦ꣬һץգۼ䣬һʮ׳ľ޴ʯìӵץ˳
˫ì֣ʯĹٶȺвȳɱӣֻǲܻƲĹжôͣʼƽܼʯìĴ
ܣֻڼʶʯѡȻսҾԸ
δ䣬ͻȻһ̬أżڵһ̤һֱ֧ϣ˲䴩Ʋ챩㹥ķ϶ֱʯؿڶȥ
컯
ʯؿڣָţ絶һ㣬Ƶ壬Ĵʯؿڣа˵Ĵ컯˲䷢һӴ
СҪ֫ӴҪС⻹һѵǴ컯ͬҪӴԷͿԸɶԷ
ˣ
˫𺧵ĿУʮ׸ߵʯһ͹ӣȴһ
ⲻܣ㵽ʲôа
ʯؿλãһӣȿֻź𾪵汬Ĵ컯һڵʱйբ֮ˮһӿ
µǣһɲǼ䣬˲ʧȥ˶Ŀƣʯڣá
¡¡۾ĵطһɹӿͬһ㣬ԴԴϵûڡ
õƲ֧֣屾ѾǿʱˮǴߣٴαŸߵľȥ
ãΣգ
йŹ֣һϣﻤȥԸ

Ʋ챻ס˴Կֻ˴ˣûһǼβ͵ģܶû棬Ѿˡ
ȻڣԷ£˴˵ǲɽܺġ
󣡡
ӣ
ͬһʱ䣬߷壬ԼһȺеľҲŶֻһգۣûȵ˸Ϲæ߷壬һʮѾһɭϵС󷨣֮սĳ沫ɱؼ汸ġ󡱣
Ҫֻ࣬Ҫʮ˾һС͵󣬽ɹ˿أҿ԰ʮ˵۳һ壬һѼ⵶һӳԶˮƽ
ȺʵԶԼĸ֣ܹӳ
ֻʿҪ󼫸ߣֹҪʿʵﵽߵˮƽҪмѵϡ
߷壬ҵ塰֮ѵˮƽߣͬʱҲʵǿһֻСӡ
ҲǴߣԼһ˴ԭ
ɱ
߷壬ҵѸٽԶ˴Ҳע⵽һ㣬׷Ծ˫ɱڣۿ˫һսʱ򡪡
ס֣
һƮ£ָһʯؿ㵯أڰһٶȷŻ䵽棬㳾
ص棬¡¡ʯӿ׹£ߴʮ׵ʯ˲߽⣬ֻʣȻаڵϡ
ʯԭؿλãʯ¶һʮ꣬˪ǳصӡ
ƻⳡսԽ𣿡
̧ͷŸߴӣЦ
ɫɣȴݣǵһƬƣǹľʯովһս
սѻȸԶ˴ˣԼ߳Ƕͣ˽ŲĿˡ
߸ߵģȱʯϣϷӸ£۾ŵϵ壬Ŀò˭Ҳ֪ʲô
һ̵˴壬ӻƲ֮⣬û֪ոշʲô
컯ܹ֮ųµһаλġʮ񹦡ֻΪǿ󣬿սʤͬȼˣΪ˴컯ˣӵпսԼǿһ磬Ķֵ
ܶǿߣʵ;綼˴컯ǿĽꪳɳ˴컯С
µһаͿ֪
Ͼշ˴˵ģɱ˵ġһֱסĹƲɻ޷ʯֺ֮ڣ
ˣ
̧ͷʯϷ촽ţûü˵ʲôһͻ𡪡
䣡
ʲôûзۿάȣһǿľʵʣ׶һ㣬ݺݵĴԺУˣɫһ䣬Ȼò԰ޱȣһ


701 ƣ
ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ͻָĿһתȻҲϷҲʱ򣬼޴ʯţ㣬£׹Χ
ʼû⣬ǸոǰͻȻ֮ǰһڣеһʧɲǼɫ
ͬʱâһӰϷ¡һһʮ괩Żɫۣ΢΢߰׵ߣһһʮ꣬۽ǳһ긾ˡ
죬ߣѾʱסˡϽ峤ͳϹԸأôˣ
߷긾ˣĹġ
ʯ죬Сģ˺ܹŹ֣ҵľ̺֮ʧܣҸոþԸֻһܵ˾ɡǰû
긾ɫ԰ףǳܡ
ϣϣǡ
ƲվڲȱʯϣֹʵѾˣֻϧϺͷ̫죬˵ϾѾþ̹֮Ҳ˾ʯ󷨽档
ƲҲﻢ£˵ʲôҲѾˡ
󷨣ܵһҲˡ
ڴʱһϤͻȻУһͬʱŤͷȥֻһϤԣӢˬӴдݵ˳
󣬸߷ҵҲŴ˳

ܼžϣϣʯϵĻƲ죬ɫ𶯣۵Ĳ˼顣
ⲻܣ˿ôܴҵġԻ߳
˶ˣƺܵ˾޴ĳ
ԣƲͷЩ˴֪Ի󡱵ϸˣнһƬκˡ
Ի˴巨ֻ˲գĶʱŻʩչ
Ի̺ˣݣţȰţһʱ仯һС̤λã·һ
ڳ󷨣ֻжЩ󷨵˲֪ǻƲ֮УѴ֮߳
⵽ô£û֪Ի󡯵ĳ֮ѵĺ峤ʲôϵ
Ʋйâãɲ
һȺ߸ŷС̽еϢʹˣǴеĻʲô˽֪ЩҲƭƭССŮƲͷβѹͲš
ڣôɾʹ߳Ʋеʱҡˡ
ܹôľʹ֪֮߳Ǻʹǧ˿ƵĹϵôһоȫ޷͡
ϣ죬ߣԸ
ϵ긾ˣŵҲֻ΢赲һˡ
һ£ϣϣЩ˲ǻˣ
ХƲͻȻҴҵĴӲȱʯֹ
İػģղžѾˣ
죬ں˵˵ʲôѵѶ𣿡
ģ㶼ʱʱʲô
ϣϣһƲ֪ëַˡƲȻʵǿ󣬵κֻҪһͻԭƫԷѶԷԼѣ͵ı־ǡ˲ǻˡЩ˲ǻˡ
ÿλƲһӵ˾ͻͷۣƫƫ˸ӵûޡ
ϣϣⲻȻƽ⡮Ի󡯾;ԲͨߣοǲǸС̽ǰػģСôܻȻҴﲻǵڶû𣿡
Ʋ
Ϻͷ϶ʱסˡ
ǻƻף´в޶⣬ĻҵʵλҲӦףֻ˴Ͳˡ
Цһ˵ţһ߳˵ķ򻺻˹
ĿɨƲеķϺͶϣѩ
˴ȷʵǲԻһ֮Ϳʹǿ󷨣һǿ
Щ綼Ǽ亱ģ˴
ɣ¡
ͻȻ֮䣬һϲϵӴ洫Ӵ˻һ˴϶¶صɫ
峤
ϣϣ࿴һۣͷƳһǰ壬ɫӡȻвʣ峤ˣоٲԸҲòÿ
ˣҲʲôҲʲô÷Ŵ㣬Ҫ㲻Ҫ峤𣬽ȥɣ
ϣ˵ߵһߣóһͨ
л
һЦˣǰ˴ȥ
߳սܣƲҲԼܣټ󷨱ƣĹҲáȻ˴峤ĳ֣˷ǳ⣬Ƕ˵һж֮С
ڿԼ˴峤ڴ
ЦŴӻƲ죬ϣ߲
˴峤ͳˣ˴УҲΪǿĴڡ˴еĴ˵УƲλ˴Ĵ峤嵱ִ˴壬Ҳλ˴峤
ֻϧƽ˴ľʧλ˴ص峤Ҳͬսߵս֮С˵ʬΧ˳ɽɺʬ塣
սУԼаΧ
嵱˵ʱҲΪءϧԵһ档˴ǰĳ֣Ϊ֮𾪣ʧҲͬĳһѸ١
ŴƽУЩ˴峤ϣԼкĵܶ˴Ҳ֮¡ʹǺЩ˴ҴΪ£µġĵģֻгǲ֪ܣһ֮ʧ
ݣ
ΧӰӰ´£ͷܶ嵱ʮ˴ȥʱ飬˴˴ͱϻ䣬׷һ·棬˵Ŀ⣬Ǿ衣
ڣδԼ߳ǵˣֻ˻Ʋ죬˴˻кøвĹˡ
ɢɣ
һϵϵӴﴫһ䣬Χʱһţи˴ֳԥɫȻЩʣɲǼ䣬󲿷ѸɢȥͬԳĳɽ룬Ѹٵʧ
ֻٲֻԭأȴѾ͸ղȫͬ
һɶǿƽ̹ʯһ·Ŵȥһϸ۲졣Ȼ濴˴ɽ룬һƬվһ뵽ڲƲػƬӱԵ֮һоͱýȻͬ
˴˿ʼƽģͨĵ·
ΧԼ֮󣬿ʼһƽʯשǧʯשڵ·ľͷչһƬ޴Ĺ㳡ڿһʵģôɽʯһµʯͷӡ
ЩӺ͹㳡ǰӰӰ´£վӰ
˴Χͬһ̤Ƭ㳡оһɭϵζͺ̤һӪһ㳡ϣһĿ׷׿Լ
ֻˣ廹ӿиоһɽ֡ŵζ


702 Ԫ˧ٻ
ү
ͻȻ֮䣬һϤӹ㳡ϴѸٵע⡣˴ǾԲƺԼүģƺԼү֪ԼݵģֻС
үǣ
һ߷塢ңʮʿ׷˹㳡ϣͬһ
˳ķ򿴹ȥӹһ˴Ĵ񣬾ڹ㳡һˣһۿһϤӰ׶ߵһ㣬㳡ϣɢһӴ
һһ˶ߵľͳҲޱȡ
˴ĵϣҲǺȺһ㣬ĿûκܰĹâ赲еȻŰΧǸɵľ룬¶˶˰ͽļɵ
ͨ󽫣ҵ
ʧ֮ܶ˴ĺλµĵһϢǳң϶ദˣôıֱͦΣһΡȻɽһ·ֻҪԸ£Ͼûʲôܹһ

һҵ߷塢һĲ͵ǣæŹ㳡ϱ˹ȥ
û赲ҲûмҴҵĸȥ΢΢һüͷ
ҵӹɵģ
ͨ󽫡Ѿ֤΢ĩʱҲܱͨȵġο֮սڵҵԽءʵʵҲǿ
ҲԸ˵񽻸ԭ
ȣеĿշ룬ǻɱѹˣϽʹñڣҵֹʹԼǱëϷ޼᲻ߵȸֱһ˺ۣϢң
ʵǺ񣬵ʲôĶ֣ܰʹȸֱ㾡ȫҵȵֵز
Ҫ֪һҵʹȫֵʱ򣬿Ƕһ̾˿֮·ϣѨӵ˵İڵġԺնɱˡ
ڣҵȻѹסˡ
ৣ
һ˵Ź㳡ķ˹ȥ˷Ҳû赲峤ҪˣȻʱ¡
ү
˵İΧУҵ˫פ΢΢Щ㲣ɽͰӴںʱҲ΢΢óķǳ֮
ɫأ˵ͷû˵Ŀܿ䵽ҵΧĵ档
ҵһжʮˣڣֻʣ߰ɵΧ׷ײӰ߷塢ǸϹѾþеҩƣȻ˲ᡣ
ү
壬һʿ׷ǳʹࡣ
˵ͷڰ֣ʾǺúϢ
үԲѾˡʧܡʱֻܻסǡ
ҵһεԼ߰ͷ­
һĻҪѵĶࡣ
ҵôҲ벻ССģ۵Ĵ棬Ȼôѵһĸ֡ССһ񣬾Ȼ֮սʮҪѡ
֪Ҳûй㣬ľͽɣ
˰ֵ
ǳƽٻûз˴ҲûܵߵĹǸء⣬ɴĴӡ岻òԼ̫ˡ
ųδµһġôշġ
ǵ
а̾һŤͷҵĶ档
һӣշģһӣ»ǵֵˣҵλδͨ󽫣
λʿе
û忪ڣһϡȴСȥֻҵĶ棬һɫ࣬ߡ
ЩÿһʮϣһЩް߰ףͷ˿ٶ߰ʮ͡
ˣЩȴû˿̬
ϣоһɹļµģȫһͨеӴϢ
ƲܹʯΪʮ׸ߵʯ忴ʵѾ൱ˡǺǰЩȣԲ˲ֹһΡ
һЩɢϢ嶼оһѹ
ǿΪ侳ٶǻ侳Ϊ
а
侳侳侳ǻ侳Լǻ侳ĸ֡Щվҵߣÿһǻ侳ϵǿߡ
һЩߣ¶Ϣ嶼ľѾǻ侳ٶʥ侳ļ
һĬĬŵɽȻ嶼š
ʥ侳侳˴ƽǰȻǿ󣡡ң»ֻ˴ıɽһǰ
ĿѩԺһͷ
һ̣Ҳп
һֱûлȥʶ˴ƽǰΪµһͳ˧ⲻò˵ǸźԽˣбԽһͷΣܵı˴壬ɱĲҾٴݡ
ЩǿӦ÷ڸõĵطӦи̨ԮˣԺиոͷһ̣һϤԺ
ʱ񣬡Ԫ˧ٻ
ÿһλԪ˧ҪʿͬʿҪ죡Ԫ˧ٻڣ׵аѱˣһ600㽱
ʧܣջ˵ĶУʧȥΨһһ˵Ļᡣͬʱ֮ս˵ĵ⡣ԶʧȥЧҵĻᣡ

Ժ֮ʯϤ˲Ϣɫ
û뵽ʱ֮ʯҴ֮ʯ͸¶ϢԼҪļ˵жͻȻΨһԣһֻʱ䡣
һ֮ǰǲҵǷ˳ͻʹ˴峤ͳǲ˵⣬ԲŻ
Ժд˷
֮ʯԵ޹ʵķ񣬶Ҿ֮ս彥˵֮ʯڷ񣬲˵֮ʯֻܹͨʽԼѡ
ʣ˵ļ˱ʡ
鷳ˡ
΢ȴû˿ı¶ԽǼѣзԽᶨΣҲһҪշˡ
ǣ
̧ͷ棬ɫ򶨣û˿η塣
ˣ
Ļ㳡ϵնʱȻһ䣬һ˴ĳ΢΢üͷо˼֡
˴طƫƧȺɽɽ˶Ը˵ˡ˾ٹªţҲ֪֮Ī
ֻҪݵĴϣҪܵ׻ȨԼ򵥵˵Ҳӳ͢ĵ
֮ǰǿһƵʱǾѾע⵽֣ôҲû뵽λУλ󣬸߸ϵȻԳǵǰ
˾⺷Ҳ֪ǰֻʮˣǾԾԲܶġ
һ漰еĻȨͱ÷ǳ鷳ˡ


703 ܾ˴峤
ү벻ݹ٣ʧԶӭˡҵʧˡھ÷Ϊ˴ĳϡЩССᣬǴĴͺүĲ£һЩССĳͻ֮ǰѾȰˣǺүĲ²Ȱ棬ִҪУǲŶ֡
ˣҲѾˡүЩ£ʱڴǲû֡һһǰѺүĲ¶ġ
˵һ߰ʮߣް߰ףͷȴǳ塣ɫ࣬˵ʱһƣȻڴеĵλ
仰廹ûпڣҵȴһ
⻹һЩʧµ䡣
үЩʵǿǼȸֳҲѾǷ²үǧ򲻿ɴ⣡
ҵʱͻȻǰߵ
֪ȺúϢɡ
ͷҲأƵ
²޶⡣͢߻£ñ֮ʱνƥս˽ǣصǲļ¡
ܹ߻ģݵİգйڹ𢣬Ŷ˵Ҳһҫ顣
忪żɽֱӵ⡣
ҪշˣʹƭıƵķֻŪɳ׾ֱӵ⡣ʵϣ鷢չڣ˿Ѿˡ
ʱڣӡ
ȻĻھ÷ԼһȺ˴ĳһϵӣȻϵ⡣
ܵúү̧ʵ˴˵ҡֻ˴һ̫ƽˣ²ʺս
ھ÷Ҳ;ܾ
˶һЩɽҰޣܹүս£ֻиүүɣ֮󣬱Ȼб˸ӷϺү۹ġ
үɣ
⼸Ҳ׷׸͵
˴ɽѾнǧʱ䣬һƽ͵ģѾΪһִͳ˭޷ƣôΪ׸ı䣿
Ϲǫˣ˶ޣ¿¾ҲˣҵЩ¶սսһٵľ񣬵ǵ˴壬ֻһͱʿ£˾뺷սʿ
ܵ˵İƱȻܹ߽̩񰲣ҲܹİգսҵϮšҳܹ͢ΪսʿһסҲԳŵλϣֻҪ˴ܹӦļҿԸ˴ĽԴʹ͡

ڵӰֻҪԸ⣬ԿԸ˴ĲƸλ
棬ھ÷ȴеĳɫһӱþ˵ǿӲһ㣬ǿԺԥľܾⷬ˵ίм¶ĶǶ˴˵Ƴ˶ʱƿԣ޻˵
ҪǣЩȷȷʵʵǱǴ˵ġ
ھ÷Ҳû뵽ЩڵµľʿȻǾһٵľ
⡭
ھ÷ͼɫɣһ˵
ڳȰүǲҪٰ׷Ѵ࣬Ļˣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬гϱסʱһͻȻ˴һʯͷﴫ
ǣ
ƤһϤʲô֮ǰڴͻƲսʱ򣬾ڣ˽
˴棬巴ûˡ
峤
˼ʱ򣬶ͻȻھ÷صһ˴ĳϷ׷תͷ泯ͬһ¶ѱصɫ
һ̧ͷǸȥֻһ鲼΢յİ׷ˣһٹȣӼʮʯͷ˳
ʼ廹ûʲô⣬ֻһۣʱ̲סƤʯݴ׷˽ŲÿһǧһּǿҵĳС
ĽŲƺ̤ڵϣ̤ռϣ̤ÿ˵Ŀһɲ⣬ƥеĸо
ôľ룬弴ʹϸҲʼ޷ӣ׷˸˵ĸоǲԶȲ̫ģҲûа취̫ϸ
мɵģԼоϢͺǸֻһӰӣһ
һƬȻ
ֻһͨҲͰˣڵͻƵ˻侳ѧϰ˴컯ͬȼ߼ûĶ֡
Ʋĸ֣ʯĳ뻯ǰ޻֮ȫϷŪڹ֮䡣
ڣһͨͨİ׷ˣȻϢоֱ˲˼顣
ʥ侳
ͫһԺһ⡣ָоİ³ءθȫȴ󽫼ĸϣͬܵ
Ϊ±Ԫ˧ʥ侳ǿߣͬϢϤˡ
ôܣ
һɲǣзô벻СС˴Ȼһ۹󽫼ǿߡ
κһңκһӵһ󽫼ǿߣӰ͵λȻ֮Уʱþء
˴оȻһǿߣ˵Ǹ޴ĳ
һǣͻȻЩףΪʲôЩߴ˴ʱܵôĴˡ
һ۹󽫼ǿߣʥ侳ǿߣдĻ侳֣Լ侳侳񡭡˴ʵѾ൱һ֧ʵ˵ˣһСͶ
⻹һμʶ˴ĵ̡
廹Ǹоһ˿гĵطȻ׷߼أ廹Ǵϸоһ˿Ҳ
Ҳûӹˡ
뵽ʲôʱȻ
˼ңʧˡ
˴峤Ҿ֣һ񡣳Ϊ𣬲ôԷͶ൱Լүүˡ
幧̬׷һ˿âǲϣȴû˿Ļ͡
ᣬܷʵӡ̡ймҹ棬˴ҲдĹء˴ˣԲ뿪ӣķ϶µĹءүǲذ׷Ļذɣ
׷ɫһ˵һ߳
ĽŲƻʵ죬һ仰ʱڼʮɿ⣬˵仰Ѿ˲ʮˡ

үذɣ
׷ɫŰ壬ɵһ䣬һֻɿŴķ򣬰Ϳ֮⣬ٿڵĻᡣ
ˣ
һɲǼ䣬սͣ¶ȶ͵˼㡣ȫʧܣ󣬸߷塢ҵ˹ȻһŭݣҵҲ΢΢üͷ


704 ʴ֮ҹΣһ
Ͼǳ͢ʥʴֵطΧĹϽӦҲ֮е顣û뵽˴Ȼô
һ㶼ûл͵أֱӾ;ܾˡ
룬֮ǰľʿ˵飬˵ɫԽѿˡҪ֪ĵλʵȫԵΧ˴ġ

߷һ̲סվ򱧲ƽʱյĵλʦЩӪ꣬ҵӴ󣬸ïҴļҪͿòЩ˴Ҳ̫ˡ
߷塭
һֻƣֹ˸߷塣˴˵ģġһ㣬˴峤²û˵šǾ˴ȷʵŴͳ뿪ӣ漰硣
ҪȻĻ˴Ҳǧʱ䶼û֪һֱȵˡ
أҲС˵֪ģǻģĲɸģպҲǧΪֻµġͳ˧ˡ
˴Ĵ峤˵ʲôʼţа취Ǹı䴫ͳġ
ףүүô
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬͵ʱ˶ͻȻһϤģ۵Ťͷȥһۿ㳡ıԵһСŲ죬è㼫ݵСŮһ廹߻Ĵ䣬һһĳŹ㳡
ף磬Ҳڣ
СŮıҲע⵽˰׷߶壬һľ档
ˣ
СŮĳֻ֣ԭ͵һɳ˲١
⺢ӡ
׷߿ЦһԭࡢŰ壬飬ʱ·ڻҲֲȥ
С̣
׷һ˵ţһ߳Զ֡
ʱ䣬Ҳòˡ
忴һ۳ڹ㳡ԵСŮ΢΢һЦƺϵһĻ
үү˸˵ˡѣǸһڼݣҾͿԺü첻ȥڴҵúһ濩
СŮıèһ㣬ֻһ̾ﵽ˰׷ߵĽűߣһѱסĴȣСèһȱĥһ£Ūð׷߿Цá
ˣ磬ӲҰڼݽ˳ϣӣøҵѡ
СŮŤͷŶ
Ǻǣϲͺá
΢Ц
С̣æһ죬۲ۣ
׼һЩСģͷϣȥԡ
СһϹź꣬ƽʱҲǵ

һȺ˴峤ϿСŮ׷׺к۹¶Ҳȫǳ谮簮ɫ֮ǰǰ̬ȫͬ
֪ˣ֪ˡ
СŮͣ˻֣һĲͷ۾һתܿ䵽һϡ
ˣ磬ҵ𣿡
ҵˡ
Цŵ˵ͷһҵˡ
ԭǰ
СŮüë΢΢һ£ܿͿ
ҵ˾ͺãүүǶҵѣɲ۸ǰ磬ҾͲˡҵȥ
СŮԼĴӣ˵һ̴㳡˸߲ҵĳŹ㳡һȥˡ
СŮıӰǾ޴ӣ׷ߺһȺ϶οЦСŮôһ֣Ҳôˡ
үС̴̫ԸӽˣȻԸ˵٣ƷҲʲôˡֻ˴˴Ĺأ϶ġ峤ҲΥһ㻹ϣүܹ⣬Ҳ˴岻Ըæԣүذɣ
׷ߵһֻ࣬Ǳ˼͵һû˿Ĳ𣬲ûɶ˼
ҵ߷塢Ҵʱ׷壬˴ǾԲӦˣһоͿôӦˡ
ǺǣȻˣҲöǿɫ˴Χ滷ɽǳɽ룬ͱڣһʧԨܷСסһʱ䣬ȵٳȥΣ
̧ͷһ۽΢գ
⡭
׷һ˫Բü΢΢һ£ܵľҪܾСŮԥˣ
ðɣǾ͵뿪ųϣȴȥϢŰɡȵ뿪ʱ򣬰ͬеЩҲһ˰ɡ
ǣ峤
ھ÷ĵ˵ͷȻתͷ壺
λɡֻһһ֮λα뿪
š
˵ͷȴûƶ
֪Ѷζ׸ı䡣Ҳ֪˵ʲôҲţһһ棬ϣܹȥ
Ŷ
뷢԰׵˴峤üͷһɻɫھ÷Ҳͣ˽ŲλƳ͢Ҫʲôӡ
ر峤Ѿȷܾ
ҪΣ
˵仰ͣͣҵ߷塢ҵˣھ÷Զȥ뷢԰׵˴峤΢𣬿ıӰ˼

ɫ졣
˴ԵļʯУ塢ҵ߷塢ңһԸҵǾۼһ
үô죿ȵǾ͵ˣѵľô𣿡
ʯ߷ͻȻƼž
Ȼ˴˷ǳ񣬺շǡܹǣȷʵһɷǳǿ
ҲһԵһ˼ɫ
Ȼ˴˷ǳ⣬Ҷڳ͢ȫνگҵ±սͽ˴̹˵Ҳ֤˴ǿʵ
ôһصĴӣһûбκε죬ֱһ뾫ʿġ츣ءôŹʵڿϧ˴ôԺ﷭ȥģ˴һǧǧصľ޴ʯ򰾵ĳ
׳۵ĳ˴ֵطκĵطԿ
Բ𣬺үεŪˡиүи
ҵͷһĲ
׶ߣ˳߶׳һ̣ȴһȺǰԼ߰ͷ­ʿֻһС顣
ҵ뿪ǵʱҲ־ŵһ
жŵһŵǧ
һ̣Լʸˡ
Դܵٻ뿪ͥһ·ս˺̤˹ظԭߣֻ߻֣گ˵ĺ·ܶôѵҵˣ
һΣ˴壬ҵȴһ˸ͷ
ûһʿ²ˣ޼᲻ߵȸֱȴȻЩ˵Ķ֡
Ǻǣҵ֪Ѿˡ
һȺڵϣҵ񡢸ߴΰıοȫΪ⣺
ˣ죬ȻǴû˵û͵ûʵʵϣα˵ˣ³˳һҪꪳɳ޹


705 ʴ֮ҹΣ
ˣ
һ䣬˻һ˶͵̧ͷ塣ҵ壬һ˼ɫ
еġ³ˡֻҪǾʦ˶ָ֪ľλ½ı³һƺţǰ϶Ĵ󶼻һΪ֪֡۹֮
ֹ֣³ĺպչͬʱ³Ϊ۹ʵ
еĵ۹󽫶ʥ䶥ĳǿߣ
ҵȻţҲ֪Լλ۹ͻ֮䣬ŲСĲࡣȻ˵Ǳ³ԵҲһҪꪳɳ
ǺǣӦöеоûǸ˴Ĵ峤Ǻ³ͬһʥ侳ǿߣʵټô˴ĳϺʹ³һҪꪳɳοǣ
ڵϣƨʯͷӴ䣬˵
䣡
һʯǧˣ赭дƵһ仰˶жʱһƬκˡ߷塢ңԼеȫ۾𶯡
ҵȻûмôԣиܵĳһ㶼١
ʥ侳ǿߣ
ôܣ
Ǹ׺ͷ𣿿·߲

ÿжһƬңȴûκһ˻˵ϣжǾԲдġ
̹˵βӦ͢٣͢Ĺٱʼʱȷʵǳߣд˴뷨
ʱ˴Ȼʥ侳ǿﻹһ뷨
үЩ˵ʲôһͨͨĴӣôô
߷Ƥֱ̲סʵ
⣬Ҳ֪
Ŵⷱǵǿգһ˿â
˴壬ܣе˴ڳɽҲͰˣϾΧȷʵͱڣһҲûʲôֵġ
ڴ⣬ǼϺͷϵ˴峤ʩչ󷨣оͲǳɽͿԽ͵˵ġ
̤˴֮ǰҲû뵽˴峤Ȼʥ侳ǿߡ
кܶܣϱ֪ġ
ʣϱԼǸûлȥ̽Щܵģһе˴峤ϺͺĹǸɣȫţС̶ûгɳΪǸƤҰĹ
Լڿһ̽˴ľˣ
ڴ֮ǰҪĻǸı˴峤˴ļһʿ
ͽңȺúϢɡ
˵ţܿعͷ˳˼
߷һ֮˴ĴͳһһϦԸıģرǳƽٻûзʱ
۶ôļѣ嶼취ȥı䡣
Ϊͳ˧ʱҪ֧¡İ
û⣬ǼӦúܿҪ˰ɣ
Ժһͷ̧ͷա߿Уһ¹ҹɫ˴̫ˡ
ϸȥͻ֣ᷢյһķ仯ۿɼٶȣԽԽϸҲԽԽ
µı仯ȺԼ˴壬ҲѸٱðеһУͺһһĺɴ
ʴ
ǵںƽǰ˴һ£˴೤ϺʹĳһͻȻС
һϣǧˣС̵үүҲİ׷ߣҲһ¼ܵˣҵ°̱ʵ󽵡
СŮС̿еľ幫ھ÷Ҳһ¼С
ˣ˴δػܵôĴˣôˡ
ûмҲͰˣ֪׷Ǻ³溲ȵ۹ͬһʥ侳۷ǿߣҲ鷢
ÿһʥ侳۷ǿߣڵĴ˵ĲƸԲ׵ĳκʧ
һʥ侳۷˴峤ԼƤ䣬˵һź
һ¹ʣµϢֻ֪࣬Ǵ鷢ʱʴ֮֮ʢʱ
ҲӾʦ֮ǰ񲿺ũĹԱԭ
ƽǰʮ֮䣬ܹʴһǰһǺƽ֮£ʣµһξˡû⣬Ǵܷʱˡ
а

˵ʱʱ죬һ˰˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬⴫һĲҽУ׵Ĵ˴ƽ
ϣ˰
ԭž˴壬ͻȻ֮һƬҡδ䣬˴һһĲҽд
ɫһ䣬һ֧֮Ҳ룬͵شӷ˳ȥ
ҵ߷塢ңȫҹ׼Ķϣ
صѾʧ

˴ҹǷǳģֵطΧȺɽ˶ճϢϰߡ
ǽʯͷϢʱ򣬸һ
ڵ˴壬Ѿȫը˹վ˴Ĺ㳡ϣԭڵ˴ѾһƻʼʱĲҽֻһÿطС
˵ĺСĿЩҽѣӷﴳ鿴æӸ򲻶ϵĴ
ķˣ
Х̧ͷһգյѾȫʧˣؼһƬڰһɲǣ޳裬һƬҡ
Ѿ˵Ǽ˴зĴ£У֪жôءѾһ˵⣬Ҳһ٣˵⣬ǧͬʱѵ顣
Ϊ˧ûҲͰˣԼ˴УҲԲһĻϾȻЩԣںƽ֮УȴѪԣҳϣҲǿɾĲӡ
ǧ˵һֱսһˣûһֱһ̣ںսںƬأƬޡ
õսʿҳϵĲӣҲΣҪշǵԭ
Ȼ⣬ѱиٹ̵ĴͳһշǾɿսʿ
ѱÿõĵ
幫
ͻȻ֮䣬һ˺ѷεĴ󺰴Уɫһ䣬ҲķݶķӶȥХҹʯͷӳȥ
һɲǣԺҲ࡭
˴壬ֻһ˲űƺΪ幫ҲԼġھ÷˴壬ھ÷ǳ峤֮⣬ߵĳϣȻԸŰ壬λ幫ԷСȴǼĳ硣
Ե꣬үү֮⣬幫ǷСģҲźġܳʱһֱͻ幫ļգС̶ر˸Уһͳ
һȻԼܹǰ̤˴壬ôΣ嶼һз


706 ʴ֮ҹΣ
ٶȼ죬ֻһգۼ䣬ͱƽǲҽĵطԶԶģͿһʯͷӣƻͨ飬ΧһȦһȦ˴ˣһĽ
ʲôˣ
Щߣ
ʲô뿪
ͣ£ͣ£Ȼǲˣ

ԶԶģ壬һ˴Ѿ¶˾衢䱸ɫһЩǰȳ⣬ϣܹͣ£־롣
ˣ
尵Ľ
˴˻żߵĽ䱸ųҲû˵ҾԭΪţ෴һŪã˻ΪԼǣ˵ҪԼϳ
鲻ͬԼ֪һҹҪʧˡ
̫ǿˣ߷塢ָϹսˣ̾ǵʵ֪˵ǿд۵ġڱǿ֮ҲѰ˶֪ȱݺʹࡣ
ȱƽҲͰˣÿʴ֮ҹͻҵı
Ҳ˵İ˹֮ࡣ
ÿ
˫Ŀһ䣬ϸ˵¡һһӴͬһڱԲʮ֮ڣγһ޴
䣡
һ˴˻ûп뻹ɣͷ׷ײҽţһεɳȥ

ʯݵſڣһ⣬ںڰһ˴峤Ȼ˳һģյС
ˣ
СֻĴָСУǸ˵ĸоȴǡǡ෴ÿһǧɢϢصͬɽһ㣬̩ɽѹΣѵĸо
ϵ
Ҳɫ΢䡣
˴ɽ׶ϵصģرʯӵΧƲġʯˡǰ˴峤ϾȻʩչϵҸ˵ĸоȻƲġʯҪǿ
˴ֱ鲼ʯĵطʵ˲˼顣
нɽ
ԺһͻȻʲô
˴ȷʵ󲿷˵书ʯϵأκ鶼ǾԵġ֪˴һλľǽϵ书ͽнɽƴ˴ΨһĽϵߡ
нɽǿص㣬С
СÿһǧޱߡĽͬƾĲǱķǽϳصκζ֣˿ӣǷǵ³
ֻϧλϵĳҲ꼻һ֣һ˴ƽ֮С
Ҳû뵽ԼȻ
Ǹðˣ
˶Էݣ岻ûȴٳϵϳ˹ȥ

ӰУϵĿһڳھ÷ˣҪʱλٸߣٷҲվǸˡʱǿǾ͹ֲˡ
䣡
죬СͻȻһССĽͺеľ޾һ˲нˣϳ޴һɲǣСͻȻٶȼͬɽһײ˹
Уֻ˲ͻѪΪ࣬ǣ
忴һĻ΢΢һȴû˿η塣нɽȷʵǿһСһɽ壬Ǿ㡰нɽٴҲȲޣʮ湦аһġ컯
¡Сԣ̤˷һڵ㣬Ѹٵײ˹ȥײȥͬʱûκԥѸٽ컯߷˼ޡ
ˣֻգ֮䣬һӴڱԲʮڣŤеһУһӴŤ
ʯͷϵֻǰһ˲еһŤ⿴еľﶼģֹͬͬԼСһ̣ҲܵһӴĲ˼ǣ£ı˷
ã
ϵɫ䣬֪ԼСλƳ͢͵ǿһҪǿбУֹ壬Ѿˡ
ˣһֻ⣬ϸ޳ͬһ㣬ͻȻ֮䰴˽ϵϵĸϡɲǼ䣬ϵڵʱͬйբ֮ˮ㣬ӿ磬಻ϵӿڡ
Ȼ컯İԵԶֹô򵥣Ӵɲǣϵڵݣʱȫʧȥ˿ƣƿ֮С
һǿߣƲԼڵȫҲζ˲һɽľǿߣʱһ޸֮ͨˣ޷κЧķ
컯İԵͿֲǡǡڴˣһֻ·һ߱˸ɡ
ǰˣ
סλϵϵ˫һƣֱӽʯͷ棬˦ͷһ䵽棬ˤڵϣͬʱڵѨϺ
컯ɱˣһоֱӵġ磬һľǿߣаǰַʽһƵУܵĵò֪
а˶Ѽ
һ˴ϵϣһãѸٵĳż뵽ʯͷ档ªʯͷ棬һյ֬͵ţһȦȦ谵Ĺâ
ڷǣһʯʯϣ˴峤ھ÷ڴϡ˫۷ף°ĭݵӲֱȫ£ȫ㲻ɫ
Ƥ£һȴ͹ͬŤ
ʲô
үǲǴһǴߣ޹أ
ߣߣߣٲߣǲˣ

ʯԣ壬ʵڻƲ˴廤ͳ裬ɫޱȡȻʱڴס£˶˵ĽģԶûô
رʱ
үأ
һ䣬Ӵ˴廤ȫͬһ㣬˹ǰ׼ֻҪκһ춯߸ǰһǾͻֺԥķ
߲ߣǶ¡ǵ֮ҪģѵڳҿѾֲ̫ʱˡ
忴ż
Ļɫ΢䣬תͷֻڳھ÷ԭӲͻȻ֮鴤ֻˣ׵۽ǺѪ
ڸܴı֡
ô
˴ʧɫǷӦٳٶҲ֪ھ÷ڵ״ǳðͷ­ðһǺѪࡣ
Щëϻʲôھ÷Ѹߡٲ취¾ʹ²ˡ
ڼݣ죬ڼݣ
ѾϷˣûá
ڵĳѾã̷̫ڼݣЩѾЧˡ
ǿô죡취취
ȥ峤ֻ峤а취
Ѿˡǲڶûлأ

ɲǼ䣬һƬҡʱ򣬷ûȥˡˣ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ʯͷһƬңʱͻȻ֮䣬һӰͻȻʯߣʳжָһ죬˺Ӱأһҩ˽ȥ
쵰
ס֣
ʲô

˴ʧɫ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼʱ˿ӡ


707 ʴ֮ҹΣģ
ҪţҺڳزʶõź𣿶ңڳڵһõź𣿡
屳˫֣ЦѸٵ˿
˴ò֣˵㵽׸ϳԵʲôҩ
ϻû˵һ˴Ļ̲סŭȳ˫ȭͷ΢΢ȻѾҪѹƲסˡ
ȻһٽԷǳ͢Ǽʵ̫ˡ
ʲộҪǲˣ
һҲŭ
ģµġ
嵭һƵᣬŭյ˴峤ϣҲǴǱˣ΢΢ļָй¶ĵ
ƺЩԾǵھ÷ƺֻܴѣڣھ÷Ϣ΢۽ǡȫðѪһǺɫѪҺǴˡ
ΣⶼǼ򵥵ô򵥡Ūãǻ˵ġ
ϣöҩܹЧ
Ժһͷ΢΢Щġ
ܸо˴зϱƺһЩ롣ھ÷ԭֻˣŪãھ÷п¹С
Ѿ仯ܶණûа취ô϶ˡ

΢΢ЩʱͻȻ֮䣬һϵģʯͷ˶ǻһ׷׳ʯȥ
ֻʯϣԭϢ΢۾ףǡ۽źѪŰĭڳھ÷ͻȻ֮䣬۰»¶΢΢Щǣȴڵͫס
һԭڵķɫҲʳȥϣǲӺֱۣɺ˫šһѪɫھ÷ڲ
ֹˣھ÷۾תܿע⵽˴߲Զһ˴廤ͳϡ
ģ
ھ÷г˼ϵ֣Ȼ΢ȴޱȡ
ϣ
Ա߷̣ˮˮëĴϲȳʯ˹ȥ
̫ˣˣˣ
ֹˣֻʱ䣬ھ÷ͱͷ˳ԾĿУĴӴ

𾪣
ޱȵ𾪣
ʯϺʲô鶼ûзһھ÷Ťͷſڷ壬еرǼĻɫǸޱȡ
ܣʲôҩô
ھ÷ΪġһϣͻȻ첽˹ȥһץסھ÷ʯߵֱۡھ÷ֱǳƽȣ𲽵ĻָԽԽ죬ҲԽԽȶ
ⲻֻȫָˣұھ÷󶼻Ҫƽ͵Ķࡣ
һɲǣھ÷Ϊġһ͵Ļعͷſڷ壬㵡죬ĳļ
ֻЦ
Ÿ磬оôļ羱ȡ󱳡อоôʹ𣿡
γϺĺܿعͷץھ÷֣ѯ
ܺðʹôˡ
ھ÷Ķӣһɻһʼ׺ΪʲôôʣǵԼʶ˵仰ҲʲôĴ㵡
һɲǼ䣬һļž˫Ŀȫһ򣬼ޱȡ
ܵģ˴ˣȻǿ󣬵ÿ˴꿪ʼھͻʹÿĩǹⰵؼŨʱھͻᷢȫ鴤ܶʮѾˡʦ˵Ǵӷˮ⡣
Ѿ߰ʮˣȴκһ˶ҪأôͻȻͺˣ
ʯͷ֪˭˵
εִ˴ֻᾪ̾ڳɽ֮ѵǿȴ֪Ĵۡ˴ÿ˶ҪһڲʹԽԽ
һһһһû˿⡣
ڳ֮ԷôѪҲͣԼйءոһɲܶ˶ΪҪˡ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼһͻָˣָˣҵ񶼻ֵƽ͡
ڳϵƾԵ޹ʵĺãһ̷ֻܳҩ
𾪡㵡˼顢ļͿһɲǣһ㣬ӷ˵ĵҩܶڳ͵˶ã˵ֵҩ˶ܹã
һ̣˴壬һеĵⶼΪ߽֮⣬Ŀֱͬһ㡣
үĻܸܲңϷõʲôҩ
ǿѹеļ
ֻһЦûж˵ɿָһŵҩ˹ȥ
ĿĲûа׷ѣĸоĵ˶Լ̬Ѿ˷츲صı仯һоΪԼöҩ
ž
ûȵĽӹöҩһֻͻȻžһĵöҩڵء
ϣһˣôôģô֪˰İ취˹ȥ궼û⣬ôһ˽ˣһֻɺϣһΪ̷˴ڼݣЩڼݵҩԳ»ʱ򱬷κ˳ϵĲ
һʮ꣬һʺ̺۵˴׳ͻȻȵ۾壬Ķ⣬κһ˶ĵⶼҪ

忪ʼû⣬ǿϵʺ̺ۣһͻȻ֮ǰ߳սʱһ˴սбκһ˶Ҫͣ߳ǶԿ
彫ɵʱһʯգһ̺ۣѪ졣Ǹ˿ԼĿⷴԽ׺ӡǵ
ΪǼ飬ˡ
һƬȻ
˵Ѿ˵ˣҲѾˣȻǲţǾˡǲ֪ǲǽ˶ڳһܹƾԼڶ۵ڼݣζ
˵ţһᣬתߡ
ʯ⣬һĲҽ˷Խܼˡʴ֮ҹ˴˵עǸ֮ҹ
һȣ
ۿҪ뿪ʯϣڳھ÷Ŷд˷ĲҽʱҲɫ΢䣬æһֱֻۣס塣
Ҳʱһ벻鷢ˡ
飡
һľͷص׹£ʯԶĵط֮ǰ壬һʺ̺۵˴ӣͻȻûκ׵Եڵϡ
ؽҧɫҰףڵһ
ʯʯôˣ
һ˴һ˷׷ȥӾ£Χ
ãİˣ
أȫڳ鴤
ÿëֿݣҪҧԼͷ
ˣϣԽԽ΢ҲѸٽͣȥ¡

ִ٣ҸһƬҡʯµ̫죬̫ͻȻˣҲ̫ˣֻһĹѸٵı䣬ֺһɫѸٵı鲼ȫ
˲İ޼ļ󣬶һص״ÿ˴֮ǰס
ȥʯֻ¡׶༪١


708 Σ˴峤
ÿ
ڴʱһͻȻ
ϣ
ʯϣݼ㣬վھ÷˴һ
ϣ𶯣
˻ûãºúϢɡ
ǰһʲôʧҶܲˡ

һȺ˷׷ȥȰ衣
ˣѾʱˣǻ
ھ÷ɫ࣬ƿˣΡΡȴ쳣ᶨʯһƿ߹ȥھ÷ӵϼöҩɷ˵˿ʯأҩȥ
ˮ
ܿһ˴Ĵ˱ˮھ÷ˮŵҩһȥֻһһԣʯȻһɫѸٱú
ϣ
ʯۣǰھ÷һԻ
ž
һصȵ˺ʯϣһѽʯˣҲŴסˡ˭Ҳûϵھ÷ںʯĵһξȻһ⡣
ϣ
ʯ㵣Ҳסˡ
ھ÷ȴûſڵ塣
үˣҴүǸϣүҪ֡
ھ÷˵Źһ
ȻѴ󣬶ҰȴûϵĵزȻ಻ԣ֮ǰ緢
οΪ˴ĳϣǿߣôܶһ㶼
ֻǣʱھ÷Ҳû뵽ľԼ˻ǰѾ׾ܾһȺߡ
ЩС£ϲؿ
˰֣֪ԼĿڷá
κ˱ء̫ءһ嶼ް취ڣ˴廹ЩˡȻһ㣬ԼļƻǷá
үھ÷лү
ھ÷˵ţվֱӣɫ֣أһ
ˣ
嵭ȻЦȻʱһЩ죬ڳϱϾܴ顣ȻЩʳȴʳŲ
ֻھ÷һ֮룬ֵҩ֪үж٣ܸܲЩǡ˴ǳҪү̣ΰǣ
ھ÷򶨣ǲϲ۽ǣй¶顣
ʯĲҽ˷κһζһھ÷һ֮УûôصңΪոշߣھ÷һο²ֻʹô򵥡
ȻĽھ÷ȴܲԼʱЩ̫̣ܾ̫ɴ࣬˶Էˡʱ뵽˼ңھ÷Լ˵ڡ
Σƾ˴ǵ̬ȣԷûκε˴壡
ܾھ÷Ҳκε֡
Ĵȴھ÷Ԥϡ
Ȼԣ
һСվڷչһЦشĸɴ䡣

˴嶼˲æµеĸˡСֻҪվģ뵽˰æС屾Ԥƣϲ⣬Ӧǧʴзˡ
УԼԶԶ͹¼Ӱ졣
һֻ֮ĵطȶȴ˰һ쫷ѡֻ˴εѱԼ֪ƺҪصĶࡣ
Ӳҽȥжϣܻܿﵽ߰ǧࡣ
ʧ˴޷ܵġ
ʯͷ˶Ѿɫ԰ףĻ̿֡
߷塢ң𣿡
үأ
ҵ齻ϸ߷塢ңеҩźĳһ𣬰ѵҩˮˡȻι˳ԡ
ǣү
ڳϣʱȥ鷳Ҫȥ峤ĵطǻиҪ顣

˴Ĺ㳡ϣķһܵĻ̻̣ҵʱսģָͬӴսǺ򶨷á
㳡ϣһ˴ʶľͽָӣ֯
һ࣬ڳֱ˴峤ϵסȥ
ȻѾȡھ÷ϵΣ˴ʴ¼Ҳҵȥæһжᰲ˿ĵĻ˴Ĵ峤ҲСŮС̵үү
ûС̵үүȻһصģ³ģ۹󽫡ǿߡ
ּÿһսԼģ
ּǿ߾һˣʵһС죬ǷͬСɵӰ죬˵ˡΪϣֺ۹󽫡ǿߣһʵСȵ½ͻ־缶Ҳ㲻ּǿˡ
һаԭĹ켣С̵үүʴ¼Уܵˣʵ
ĿһĪġ۹󽫡ԼǰϾҪʧ䡱˵Ǿ޷ܵģȫǱ
οԼصġ֮ǡڼһ۹󽫡ĸУԼӪأмİ
ʲôˣ
վס
һɲÿ

ھ÷ֱ˴峤סԶԶģûп͸оһɷǳءŵζ˴峤ĸΧһһھ÷סҪöࡣ
ʮɵľ룬嶼ûпѾˡ
̣ҲеͷƤ顣ʱͲɰң佫һˣ
ס֣ǡ
ھ÷ͣ㣬Ͻǰ
Ǿ幫
ͷھ÷ڳϣæɢ
ү
ھ÷ɫأһݣżѸٽ뵽ڡ档ֻһھ÷죬һ·룬ûκ˳ء
ʯͷȺһɱ˵աոսȥоһСŮӵ
СŮС̶ڵϣ۾ͨ죬ˮһʿһ˳Ŀȥ
ֻһ׷ڴϣһǰйһ֮Ե˴峤ʱȫںڣӲۿǳ٣ֲ˶ˡ
ÿ
˵ֿȺ첽ʯϵ˴峤ȥ
ʣʲô
ھΣΪ𣿿˿

ŭݡ
վʲôÿҽæģ
ͻȻһ߳Сò忪ڣȺߵʱһԵھ÷һɫޱȡ
һͻܶ˶ˡ˭Ҳû뵽幫ھ÷Ȼһ˵
幫
Ƕʲôûÿȥ
ھ÷
˴˴ĵĴ㵺Ժһȴʶÿˡ
˴峤֮⣬幫ĵλߵġ峤ԣ˭ҲΥ幫
ھ÷зܵȻС˺ܶࡣֿȺʯԱߣֲ˴峤أѸٽһöںɫĵҩ˽ȥȻùһˮѵҩȥ
ͬѩڣںɫĵҩոչ£ʼʱ˻ǸŭԣֻǺ޺޵ĶıӰ
ǵҩڻ븹Уܿ˾Ϳ˴峤촽ΪģһȦȦںڵɫıѩһ㣬Ѹٵڡ
ţ˴峤ݵϣѸٵһɹɵĺΡֻ˴峤ؿһһĺ˴峤͵
⾪˵һĻ˲˿ˡ


709 ɣһ
ոպȳˣĲ˼顣ǸţȻ
Ҫ֪ǸոѾԹеİ취ڼݡ
峤峤峤
ʼ֮˺ܿعһ־ϲ׷ӵ˹ȥΧ£峤ʯߣ鼤ޱȡ
˴屣ء⣬Ҳӵĸ顣˴λߣľ峤ܶ˶ųġ
˴˵˾䡣
峤µʱ˶޲ߣһ㣬ֽšܶΪ峤Ҫߡˡ
峤ڻָѹеļ֪
˶ӵص峤ߵʱֻھ÷վں󷽣̾һıӰɫӲѣимЩ
԰˶Դ̬ȣͨ˿ͲܣֶȥˡǶԷȴܹǰӣ˴壬ھ÷ڸмͬʱΪĲ
үл
ھ÷ǰϵ
ڽ֮ǰ˭Ҳû뵽궼ѵһֵʴǡڰϢŨҵʱ
˴˵ʱġǰ˴ŵҩʱ֣롣
ֻһЦûж˵
үү
ѣСŮҲỨ˹ȥվں󷽣ĬĬĿһĻ¶һ˿ĵЦݡ
ôδǸСһ飬ֲеһźɡһѾˣͲҪˡ
ûоκˣܿӷ˳ȥ

һж𣿡
һƬڣһ޴ӰվںҹУΡȻͬɽһ㡣
Ѿø߷ȥˣдİöҩѾȫˮУι˴ȫ¡ǵѾȶˡ
ҵۻӺڰд͸һʸУ˸оϵ
š
岻ٶ˵
ϸһ󣬺ҹУԭҵ˴彥ƽϢǴ˷ĺʹһʧ
ָֻƽ
΢ɲ΢΢ףȻԼҩѾãĻͲôˡ
ˣϵϻɣ˸ǰ齵ĵط
ǣү
ڰдҵ
תѸٳ֮ǰʯȥԺоʹһ
ϲɡԪ˧ٻн֮󷢷š
֮ʯƽƽ˿ĸ飬Ҳûκεڴʱȴһ㡣
ɹˣ
½Ų΢΢ȭͷ첻ˡ˵⡢أԼشͳʹڴƽ֮ǰܳκ
ԼݣԼ͢ĹٷЩ˶ں͸¶־Ϳ֪
˴塰ʴ֮ҹ¼ΪԼṩ˼ѵĻᡣ
ʴ֮ҹ˴ʷӰһ¼Լûг˴˵ٶǧﵽࡣ
ڴƽ֮ǰҪ˵ĺøУΨһĻᡣʣԼļƻЧˡ
ԼɹתβҾ磬ҲӮ˴ĺøС
֮ʯǶԼжÿ϶
ֻΨһЩǣ֮ʯ񳹵֮Żʾ
ǡڶʹ¼ϡ۹衱¼ˡһԲһ
黹ûȫԼŸոι˵ҩ͵ˮ֮ʯʾûз
Ϊ˴ֻһСӣʷҪ֮УĿǰӰֻ̫ΪȾھ÷˴峤ߵĸ߲·ߣ
۾תԺд˷ȥ»Ǻ˴ǸĬĬŵСɽйء
Ȼ֪ô㣬ôĻǿɾʹشˡ
ţ΢΢¶һ˿΢ɲЦݡ
˴ȷʵС˿ڷŵ£ҲֻǸ΢СĿοǻôıء⣬شͳ
ӰȷĿǰӰȷʵСֻҪԼһᣬδӰԲɹ
ǧ˵ѾԼս£ңºպչ͡ڴƽٻûзҲûܵشˣɺκ˶ģ
֮󷢷ŽȤ
֮ʯһ˿ȤζɫǺܿ죬ͻָƽ
߷塢ҵҲ׷׽ԼϵĹصʯСһҹƽֱ

ǳһʺĳӵƽ𣬷ɹâһȾȺɽλ˴Χһɽ˺ϼ
֪Ѿڵ֮ǰԼб뿪ʱ
үô죿
ſڵλãҵϥ̣ͦͬкǰһߵȸ־޽ƺһҹû˯۾ʱۿﻹ͸Ѫ˿ƺأܼ尾ӡ
Ŀֻ֣ô𣿡
ҵ彻˴峤ľܾ׵ʧܡҵһУǴδй顣
ۿ͵ԼҪ뿪ʱҵĲʡ
ǺǣߣΪʲôߣ߷塢Ҷ˰ɣˣǸ׼뿪ˡ
ϣ֮һݣȫûļʧܵľɥ

һɲǣ˶סˡ
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼôɵľ˾û˿ĸ巢ˣû˸ΥҲֻվ׷ʰ׼뿪
峿˴һƬͣȫ֡
΢΢ʯ߳棬ϼҫŲ͵㲵ȺɽҲҫ˴۴αȵʯݺͿʯ㳡
еһжԡ峿ĳʫ续
ϣԼԶİͣ
а
ΪʶɽӣԽĸоڵΣ嶼ϣԴĴӣнƬݴأܹԶıǰʫ续
ү
һ˼ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬е߷壬ңԼҵµĽʿ²Щˣһʯ߳
ϣһа׵֮ھ÷ѾЩ²Ľͷų
߰ɣ
û˿ĳɣһڣ磬ҵ߷壬ҵ˳ߵɽȥ
ʱǴģ֮ҲǸλԼˣȻҲӦûص
һȣү
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬˺ƺƵ׼˴뿪ʱһͻȻӹ㳡һ˴
ģһܼԽԽĽŲ
عͷֻҫȼհĹ㳡һˣһȺ˴ҴҵĳԼ
Ϊ׵ˣ뷢԰ף˴峤ͬеĻھ÷Ʋ˴ĳϺͻԼĴйǸɡ
СŮС̣Ҳ档


710 ɣ
ǣ
ʲô
дΪȣ̷ͬСɣ˸оЩòҪǣ뿪˰ɣ
ֻЦ
Ȼˣ
ɫȻƺԤһĻ
峤ˡ
һҲ˴峤ˣתͷŤӭȥ
үԲൢˡϣүǰӣȡ£ĺʹģû
׷һɫ
峤ˣ֮Ͷѡ
˰֣벻ЩҩΪ׼ġ
磬ллүү
һԣһŴŴСŮСҲ̧ͷϵ
ѾͷһϵӣʮҰԡӣҲʧЦ
ؿС¶ѡ
ͷ
СŮĽ룬˫նʱࡣ
үлʧˣΣү˴යգ̻һʱ䣬Ҳһ֮꣬һл⡣
׷ߵ
ܶҪȵºܾòܲϣİа˸˴Ĵǰûеȵġҩʴ֮ҹ
ǰ֢״һģһ
ֻҪǧˣʴ֮ҹоͺ²ѡ壬ϼֱ롣
˵˴Ĵˣһ㶼ΪġݶôԶԶġ
ʱ˶ԴҵĮ̣Ͳ飬˴Ĵ峤Ҳɵ
Ǻǣ峤ˣ̻ͲˣǻЩ£ʱˡ
ϣ˰֣Ȼܾˡ
Ȼ˴峤һڳϵԤϣһͣʱ˵
⡭үʵʵ󡣺үֵҩǷǳҪ֪үﻹûУ⣬үᵽΣ֪ʲô˼
˴峤ɫȣȻЩΪ飬˵˳
ʵֵҩܹҲһöѣѾȫõˡΡ
˵ЦĿ˴ڳϣб⣺
˴óףҲ޽ȻĶԼ֣ʳҲøٴ棬ǣô棬һҲ벻Ρ֪˴νģ
⡭
˴峤ʱԥ˵
Ƶ۹ĻҪ񶴲öࡣֳɽĵشʯǸʺֲʳġ
˴˳ԵĶǸ١ƾһĶҲʹͨʸǿ
Ψһûа취ͨģǾ˵Ρ
˴ʳõκͨ˶һǺΣΣ򵥵˵½±ϵΡ
һλ˵Ϸֵġ˴һһԵĶΡ
Ǻǣ峤Ը˵³֪͢ΪУйƣ
ȻһЦһ۾Ϳ˴峤Ĺ˼ɡ
Ρһֱڳܿ͢صĶָĲͨġָңκγȥǮġ
Ϊᵼ»һҡ
ΣԼ˵ģһ˭벻˵ġ͢ʼôֻǷֹ˴μ۴ǣճԲΣ䱩ҡ
ǰǷġ
Ȼַ̺űҲǺ顣
Ȼ֪˴ʲôʱɽȵģǾһǧǰĶΡչУ鳯͢Ƶġ
˴˾罻٣ҲӦһ㣬ȻҲԼյһο˷֣͢ơ
ǺǣУ⸣֪֮峤仰ûУ˴һһСʼаʹ̡ԽԽƵʹԽ֪ûһеΪʲô
ڳķŶ˴峤ڳϣЦЦ⡣
˴ܱ˲֪Ϊͳ˧֪صʹƤ࣬ȫ鴤ʹ̡
ÿ֮ʤʱرʴ֮ҹͻطһ㼴彫ļ֮Ҳһ㶼ûиı
ļܳҩʦǿߣ˹ءگͻʡ߾ҽʦ˰֮ãԣƳһֵҩְʹ
Ҳ̷ֵҩ
Ҳ˴壬ʮ㣬շǵԭ
ֻΨһǣֵҩƣִ֮䣬ҲһöңѾȫεʴ֮ҹΣˡ
˴峤пһٴθֹŹֵĸоǰҲʮ꣬Ҳӱ
֪ΪʲôȴȫꡣһΣһϣ˴峤ܵһɲζ
޷ǣô֪εģ
Ͼͺһһһô͸
ү˼ǡ
˴峤üͷ˼
Ǻǣ峤ЩܳԣЩβܳԣеζԵġ٣˴һ
嵭
ʵжģ溬кܶĳɷ֣󲿷ֶһЩʣҪĴˡ
ֻΣкΣȫҪ⴦ġʳõǹҵΣֱӻᵼ
ӵһ˵һжǳʶǶ˴˵Ȼ֪
˴СʳжΣֶջۣϵĽڣԵʱֶԾͿʼˡ
ԵľǣСʼȫ鴤оʹˡԲϵļأѪ⣬ëƤͷֱ裬ԣ˴Ȼƣʮȴ̫ࡣ
߰ʮˣ͸ˡ˴壬˿ڣҲͲǶʮˡ
ʴ֮ҹһ˾ͻ˲ء
˵İ˹֮࣬ҲӵǿĴۣ
ү˼һжΪʳɵģ
˴峤
ǺǣҪʳôΣҸ峤λϵΪ˴壬ҲΪԵĴ񡣵ȻŲž峤λϵˡ

ɫƽһƵᡣЩ̲̫ˣöԷС
ԣȻк˴ʹ񣬲Ҳֻˣٹֻǻ㡣
ˣ
廰һ䣬˴峤ڳ϶Ϊʲô˻ּǰй˵䡢Ŵصȵȡ
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ˵һǺճʳõۡѰйء
ͺ˵һ֮ѪΪһڿһ
һ棬ûκεȥƭǣ壬ԶԷݣôҲδ̫ʧͳˡ


711 ɣ
лү
ȻлŻɵ̬ȣ˴峤òԵĵлǲģ֮ĵĻһ飺
⣬⡭ȻүѾ˵ûֵҩǡ໹һ䣬֪үֵܲܰҩҩǣԼȥҲһ
ƵҩҩʦɻľǱѯԼҩҴҲײй¶Լĵ˴峤Ҳ̽һʣûָӦȻϣӦľȻĸɴࡣ
ԣ
һЦƺϵ˴峤дһʣû˿ԥѸٵıһ󴮵ҩݣ
ֵҩƵѣֻҩЩ鷳Ҫʮɳ֮ʮĸ߾˲ΣһĺɺľоʳҬ棬ʯ񣬺Ҷĥɵķۡ
屨һ󴮵֣߰ʮ֮࣬˴峤ھ÷ȳԽɫԽѿֱɫ
֮ǰҲпܵĻõҩ취Լȥơֻ˭Ҳû뵽ҩȻôӣô鷳
ܶණ˵ǿˣû˵ң˴꣬ûʲôƸ򵥵Ҭʯ񣬶Ǿ͸˵ԼȥƵҩˡ
Ŀ棬ڳϵķӦһҲԤϡʵϣⲢѣҩǡǡ෴˵ȫʵҩݣÿһζҩģĵҩɷ֡
˵İѾãҽΡͨҩûáҲ±Ԫ˧ݣټ˴ĸֺҽ˰ʱƶɡ
ΪʱãҲڶ࣬ҩҪҩļࡣΪĿ˲ֹˣ˹ˣگˣ߾ˣͻʳˣ֧ˣԲŻᵼҩĳɷ廨ţϵرĶС
ܸӣһȷɵģǾֵҩȷȷʵʵáֻҪңͿԳ׵ĸ
ҲԼӴӰͬʱ˾ʦҵԴڶʱڣƳһöĺںɫҩ
ǽңҵʵѣ˴˵Ǿ͸Ӳˡ
໹һ£ֵҩǷԸΣ
˴峤
š
˵ͷ˿϶Ĵ𸴡
ɲǼ䣬˴峤̲ס̾һͷ̷ֵ֣ҩҩˮˣȫƽࡣ
ȻڵĹزɷϣΪеˣ˵Ҳֻˡ
үһף֪үԸԸӦү֮ǰ˵Ҫ˴ļʿүܹռЩϣƳĵҩ˴˽ഫʹӦүڴļʿԺүϰΪޣóǧˣ
˴峤
һ䣬ҵ߷壬ңеľʿĿѩһϲ˵̣֮ǰѾ̹ˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ڴʧ䣬Ϊʧܣ뿪˴ʱ򣬾Ȼ·תת
˭Ҳϲġ
ɽ
չһЦԥĴӦˡ
ȻֻǧˣǶ˵ͷѾ൱ˡֻҪܹƴͳ߳ôļһǧˣͿļڶǧˡ
գе˶Ϊá
δ£ΪЩ˶𺳡
ڳɹˣҵġ
һɲǣ˭Ҳ֪пྡ̾ƽ֮ǰ˴жôļֻе˲Żס
˴峤ɿڣųǧˣ̫ˡһĳɾ͸Уһش
Լֻǻ˳ķСԼһȺ˵ĳϣڣһԼδͳ˧ȥһ峤ĳϡ
߲ľʵ䡣
ϲԪ˧ٻ񣬻㽱400
ͬʱԺкȻһ֮ʯͻȻԭŵʱ򷢷ˡ
֮дɹ
ร
ʱһƬ˶˷ܲѡȻ˷һЩͻһЩ죬ҵĺҲòϣȷʵõսʿ
ļǣ˵мİ
ʵҩĽףټϣˣǧ˵ˣľǡ˴˺øжȴ
ټ֮ǰˣв˶ԽˡҲ벻ġ
˴˱⡢صԸڴƽ֮ǰӮֺøǼѲ׵ġ˵ԸȻ൱أѶ˳ͻ
һˣͰ㵱Լˣ൱顢ơ
ϣ˴;ٰһʢף硣
Ⱦƣ
⣬Ⱦƣ
óԣóԣ

˴һƬЦе˴˴һƬϣּѼ㡢¹ӡζӦоС
ٸһ뷹ûгԹôóԵĶ
Ѽӣ࣬˴ӦһȺ
ԭ㣬̫óˣ

һ˴ȫⳡʢ֮С˵ʳǼȵļ򵥡أЩѼ㡢¹ӡζȻ˵ģ
˴壬бΪ֮УĿɲֻǵҩͰСŮڼݡɽÿ϶˼ӡ
װĲʲôĵر鱦ʯ򵥵ʳģڳԵļѼţ⡢⡢⡢ӡֻˣһǧѡĻͷ
һֱȺɽ֮УƽǸٺͻƾԹζ
ζֱԵ˴ĸˡСʳָ󶯣ͣˣƣһָжҪ޵ĸо
һ룬һȺ˼ʮһյĳŴֲ赭Ϊõʳǻƾ߸١ͻȻ֮䣬Եɫζȫζȣеĸж֪
һϦ֮䣬˴˶һ˵ӡΪĹۡ
˵ʼֻΪ峤Ļôڣ˾ǷĵĶ˲ƺͺøС
ɱ첻飡
ֵܣһ룡
һʲô롣ǺүԺĺģս£ǲžͿ⣡
ôõ书˷ɽʵ˷ˡǸһս£ǲӺɷ£
вʶʵҲ밡Ĺط˭ҲΥ峤ɿͬˣһоͬˡԺֻҪҪһӦ
溺ӣһ

㳡ϣھʿｻһţȫģ˱˴˵ĽޣЦﲻڶ


712 ǰе룡
үȫˡ
㳡ϣ׶࣬һҵԣǰܣһƬЦĳͻȻѹ壬һóϷ
ж̹ġϳȸ־޽Ҳһ򲻹ˡʵϣǿһˡ
Щ˵ʵѾȫ޷һӣһ壬һݡ
ҵû뵽Լôʱ䣬ôûгɹ飬ȵ嵽֮󣬾Ȼӭж⡣֮ǰ˴峤Ѿ棬Ծܾ塣
һȴ·תӦҪ󣬶˫һƬ𣬳Դ⣬ȴƣǲ˼顣
ӴԽ࣬ҵԽǸоϵֲ˼顣
ƺûʲô˵ģ֮սˣ˴Ҳˣƺûеޡҵʵ벻ϵʲôѣܹס
ȻҵģжȻЩʳġ
ү˴Щʳʵ֮١ڸоЩѼ㣬ţ⣬⣬±һ޵жûҪ󣡡
ҵԵ
˼֮㣬Զġ˹ظԭߣ֮սʱ̶ϵֱ֣˴ˣȴе˴ô༦Ѽ㡢ţ⡭
Щã޹ؽҪľٶڵʱʲô⣬ֻеһн֮󣬲ŻЩѰľٶ˼жôô㣬ҲԽͶ壬Ը׷档
ֻǵȻһЦûж˵
֮Ҿͻȥ֮ˡ˴ؾͽˡ⣬Ѿ֣дʳ͵˴ˣЩʳﻹԶԶ
ĩףһƯɡ
ҵ
ǣǾͿˡ
һЦҵļ򣬽жߵġСһȻҵĿУ¾룬Ź㳡Եһҫ΢谵ĵطȥ
һʯӰΡȻͬɽһ㣬ĬĬػںڰ֮С
׳ʿôƺ
΢Ц
ڰУʯ׳˶ΰӰĿһۣܿջĿ⡣ãһ

֣Ⱦ𣿡
ԲְڣܺȾơ
ǺǣãְڣȷʵܺȾơڲܺȣʱҲܺȡҴһ̳ƣ°ɡ
⡭
ڰУ׳˶Ӱ̧ͷЩ쿴ǰ꣬ƺЩԻ˴ôˣΪԼΪʲôҪԼһ̳ơ
Ǻǣ̳ƣҾͲˡ
ƺЩܣڵ
ðɣ
Ӧţڴнӹ̳ڵͷһɲǣŹ㳡ϵ⣬Һɫľ̳ϣдż֣
ҡ
̧ͷ¶һ˿ɫȻѾһѵתԶȥˡһɲǣ˭Ҳ֪һ˿ӵɫ
Щ˿ЩȴվҲزȥˣ
ҿڲƵĴಢϱսֵܡڵңȴѻʶϵ㣬ȴѲǵҡ
һ̳ƣǵϲȵҾƣ͵Ǽңǵꡣ
ʱƾƣȻһжزȥˣվǵȴȻͨģҲ㹻ˡ
ţܿ뿪˴塣

˴һֱԼ߰ʮ֮󣬾ķطΧʱ˿̣ȴһƬȻĳ

Сĵ㣬עв벿֮ṹеĶСҪͺţŪˣ
̧һ㣬̧һ㣡ڶĸǽע룬Ҫ䣬¿϶
ĳǽѾãнӿڶѾϡеĹע⣬ʼˮӹ̣
עǽأȫٴμӹ̣
ڶ飬飬飬Ĺ׼Ϣʮ飬ʮ飬ʮͶʮĹ׼̨죬ץʱ䣬ַϢ

ʱ˿̵ĸ֮ǣۼ׳ӴƸطңԼĹһЭ飬ͬһȺһڳǽϹ
ķطΧر󣬶Ϊ˿֮·ϣȽϻƧĵطԻʾ֮رķƶ˵Ļ֮أ͢͵۹Ҳкôġ
Ϊ۹Խӷο׬ĻǺ˵Ǯ
Ҳˣǰѳǳչ
ڵǳأ͵֮ϵʨӳȣӴʮ౶ǳأҪ֣ǿ׳Ĺǵһڶ˵Ĺڸ֮ǵ·ϣδеĲ
Ϊ˱Щ˵ճʳסϢʹﵽĺ˿ڡ
ľġȽϵ̶ӣ֣ԼӰ˵֣ڵĸ֮£ʮˡӴô֯žѾǸƴḶ́ͨˣͨԼԦ˵ġ
ڵĸ֮ǣȴǾеĹڡӡӽʮֹͬŬͬһܼܾܵһͣתţһһĸ֮ǡ
ڵġ֮ǡȻڽ֮УڹʳΪһ棬¼йע⡣кܶ˲Զǧӧ룬ϣܹĸ֮УԼĺˮ㼣
Լӡǳ֮С
ΪһûбԺˡ
үǰڵĲ϶ѾȫǺʹƸط޿ҲȫҪĸģ顣Ѿ¥ڰǴ쾫ģ顣Ѿֹȥ¥̣ңѿؾ֮ǷͬСɣҲϣκεʧ
ææµµĸ֮ǵĳǽϣ֮岢٩٩̸֮ǣס˺ܴ顣
ʱ䣬֮˼ҹԼգ˿ûƣĸо
ʱˣ֮ǵ黹Ҫӿ졣ҹζ࣬ƸӣֻٶȽóǳأǲվȽŸ
屳˫֣һߺ֮˵һڳǽ߶
סʱѾкü̽϶ͣЪѾػľʿӽѲߣػȦ󣬲ǿ
֮
ণ
˵ʱͻȻһ߿ӿдȻĸԵرĴ̶̧֮ͷֻ߿֮£һϸСĺڵſ˫ᣬڸ֮ǵϿһȦһȦ
ĿƣϸСڵϷǰңиĺڵڸ֮ǵϷ
߿
һһڶÿĽҲͬ
ϸϸȥĸȸǶʮֻֻǴһʹзֱӥͻ˵Ե񣬸߾˵ĺ࣬˹˵ͺգگ˵ȸ


713 ֮ǣһ
ǽǣĵǻ治ٰ
忴ЦЦ
ֻЩӥȸǷΧӵһ쿪ʼÿֵˡͻˡ˹ˡʳˡ֧ˡ߾˾Ͳ֪١ǻαװ鱦ˣαװαװɴʳĵˣϵΧӡ鿴Ѿ˺üˣȻԴԴϡ
֮ĿɨһԶ硣
ɫƽ˳֮ĿԶһۣȻ￪ĵطһϸСĺӰվڵͰɽ棬
үҪҪһ֧飬رȥЩˣ
֮
Ǻǣˡ
˻֣ɫΪ⣺
˽ǣһ˹עɱɾġֻҪ˹ˡͻˡʳˡ֧ģǾͻԴԴϵɳ̽Ϣǰɡ
ȴݣɫȻȻһŷͷӥȸܱߵĳ򣬶˵ֻóĶҧѣȻｨǣͲ±̽Ϣ
үһϢ಻֪ýý
֮ţ͸ɵԥɫ
Ŷ
йâһŤͷʶ֮֮Ӵôˣһ֮ĸоһǸɴ࣬лֱ˵Ӳôԥء
ôˣǰʲô˵𡣡
˹ءʳͻʵҲˣϾ֮Уǵλʵ̫ˣÿĵطʱǣǻ˱ͥ¤ĳ򣬺үǿǲ
֮üһĳơ
ͥ¤ıֻҪǴƵ˶ףЩֶʲô塣
֮ս룬ܵĹעҲ֮Сͥ¤˹ˣǾʹĲˡ
üͷ΢壬ʱĬ
ͥǰ˼˳Ǹ֥Ƿ죬¤Ǹ溲⼸˶ǵ۹صĴ󽫣̩ɽھͳ͢ӵо޴Ӱ죬λԺա
ƽܹõһ˵Ĺעͷǳˣȴͬʱܵλ۹󽫵Ĺע
ڶʹ¼
Ժһ⣬һƬˡ
λ۹ƽʱһ˴˽²û̫Ľʵϣ۹ҲϽЩȨĴ˽¹ᡣ
ǾˣĸȴһԣǾǽڶʹ¼һۣǳ׵
˶೯͢Ҫն壬һֵؽΡ
˰
а
ڶʹ¼ԼԶھʦмӻǸ溲ȵ۹󽫣Ҳû̫취ڲͬԼˣĵطأǳأ˵ƢԼƤ½ǳأǲˡ
Ȼ˿֮·ĵλҲ⣬ĵط˹ظԭıԵ˹ص˳ƶ¡
ĶͻʺԵͻɳ޿ɺĵ̡Ȼľ룬Ƕ˵ʲô
˳˿֮·һ·ȥ͵·ľͷǧǰɰ󶼻֥ͳ˧
·ʵ̫Ҫˣκ˿֮·ϽǳصľٶܵĹע
͢ͻʺ˹ص۹ټаͥ¤󶷾ĸǣƣȫԱ˿֮·õİȫ
ƫƫЩĴ󶼻ȫ
˽ǣ˵Щ˻᲻ᵷ
˹˻ͻ˳˵ǻ᲻æֱһ㣬Щ󶼻󽫾ⲻΪЩ˹˺ͻ˹Ǽпܵġ
Ͼ˭Ҳ޷ָ
Щ岻òǵ⡣
ģûж⣡
ԤϣȻһЦܿͻָ
ҼȻ˽ǣȫ׼ңڸ֮Ǹողݴַã¶ڹע顣溲֥Ͱ˼˳ʲô뷨Ҳʱ©Ļ̫ˡǵ۹Ĵ󽫣޷ľ뢣ɵ顣
ʱ䣬ٲٲ⣬Ҳòǰغһεı߽磡
λеλߵĺôҲеλߵ֥溲졢˼˳ǵ۹Ĵ󽫣λ߾¡ҲͬʱζǵһһܵҰ£˵ĹעԺܶǾԲģ٣Ĳ̫ԡ
⡭ȷʵˣ
֮˵ͷϾǻʹľʦٹҲӴ٣Ҳ֪һ۰צĳεġ֪˵ȷʵʵ
㼸λ۹Ĵ󽫡󶼻ٲˬʱҲòšҪţҪ취Ļʱ£ʥʶ
ϾķؿǶ˿Ű
ǣˣҲֻǿʼѡ˽ǣϾǵĵ̡ʱָ֮أ
֮
˿֮·ܳǳҪｨǣƺ⣬ʵȻԭ˿֮·ãֻڿʼó̺ܳһ·ͬʱǰһƬߣҲЪŵ£Ż뵽Ҹطš
ĳǳҪЩõԲܾǳء̫
ĵضξԲࡣ
˾õģ
ȣӾʦԶöˡ˹ȥǰ治ԶԶĵطһƬ嫵ɳĮ
ӣɳĮֵ
ɳĮӰ£ǳĸԽƣԵģǵҪˮ֡ʵʵġ
ʱǳţϢͬʱʳˮġ
һ棬Ǵʳ֧ԼˣҲҪЪЪţһЩΪ￪ʼһֱƾʦΪֹǺܳһ·˺ûʲôĵط
ܱ˹غͻʺĴڣҲʹġ֮ǡԵԽΪΪṩһ֮
ԣԽصĵطʵû̫ѡ
֪֮ҰĵģҲ֪ｨǳأֻΪ׬Ǯϡʨӳǡʱ֤ɡ
˭ҪΪֻΪ׬Ǯ˭ɵӡگȻһɵӡ
ǣκζдۡ
弴ȻｨǣôеΣգòǵĴۡ
İɣˮ͡һҶѾźˡֻҪʼһν׶Σһһľϲ
֮ļ򣬺
˴ҵѾڿʼˡѾСѵ̸ˡǸ˴ܳһʱ䣬ֱѵŻ뿪˴壬֮ǡ
˵ʵ֮ѾʼЩڴֻδµġĳˣ
֮ɫԻļƻ˼ԶôˣҲ̵ʲôɻ󣬵һ֮ǿȷģ
еһУ嶼Ѿ°šҪģ
ôã֮ȻǾˣҲ;һ˼ġ


714 ֮ǣ
ˡǳصͽҰɡ
֣֮ص
š
˵ͷЦ̧ͷգǼֻɫĴչų򣬴ӵƽߴɵ˸֮Ͽա
ʱ䣬ĳ֣ڸ֮ĸӥȸԽԽˡ
ҡҡͷҲ⣬΢΢Цţĵضȥ
գ
Ҳûע⵽תͷطȥʱ򣬡֮ǡĵطһȫװĿһķȻȻתͷȥ
ȥˣ
սգԺ̳ѸٵʧԶͨĹٵһ·ǰ֮ǵ뿪ٵսһֺ׳İɫ

̧ͷԿɫĴſڣһ޴ĺڵңϷϷд֡
£˹أͻʺ֮·Ϊؼ
˽أǳأľˡ
ߣ֪ҵĵ̣ؽǣǵӱ컹󡣲Ųһʱ䣬ѵΪôǾǴνڶʹ¼
ֺĴһΰĺӰ绢̣һοյĽУɢһɺǿ
죬󷽣ȴȨĴ󶼻
Ȼǰصģǰͥ¤Ĵ󶷾һ⣬ʵ֧ɿģܼʱ֧Ԯľ
ΪĴڣҲʹĶ˶սܵеľ档
򵥵˵ƿصľһʺصء
ΪԣƽʱǸ֥溲ǰ˼˳Щ۹صĴ󽫣׵
ҷͼϣʱ仹Զڸ֥͸溲˼˳Щĵ۹֮ǰڸĺߣثں˽еĵλһ㡣
ԵǸһŻôĺ˽Ӧ׷ڽڶʹ¼ദ塣
ֻǷû뵽Ųһʱ䣬ߡûԶǧԶԶģ棬ܵƤ¿ǽأѾǵ󡢷ôˣһֳƺ衣
溲˼˳ǶôǡǡǸ顣
ˣӸոշֵӴ֣Ǵʱ򣬶ҷصҲǵõ͢ʥ׿ϵģзڣǿºôˣ
ֱߣһǺģ佫
ǳؽˣҲǼ·̣Ҫ˵˵Ŀ»ǷЩ󶼻󽫾Щսĺ˽졣
ڶʹ¼ʥȻȻͨ飬ִʱȴŻҺԭȣڶʹȨ͵λҲۿۣ㲻Ľڶʹ
Ϊ£еı˽켸ҧгݣ֮ǡΪ˺ĲֻǷЩ󶼻к˵Ͻͨ
ϾЩ۹󽫣ǻλģеĺ佫лǵλá
еĺ佫أֻΨһǣ͢Ǳʼ޷һż
ߣ´ʳĪû¹һδɵСӣг͢ķΣƵΣҵĵ̣ѵβ
𵶣ϷĿбһĺ⣬絶ƽǡ
Ǵ˵˼ǡ
һԵ佫Ƥһæʵ
ߣǳؽʱûĹɡĸ֮ٿ죬ҲҪ߰˸¡ڷͷҾ͸£ĵĽ졣֮󣬾ٴķͷҲѾˣǸʱҲǶֵʱˣ
ݺݵĹһԱߵ佫
⣬ȥһţ֪ͨһ¸溲Ͱ˼˳ҲС൱Ȥ
һ仰Ŀޱȡ

һֻɸӿ£Ĵ˱Сһž鷿鷿һŵϣ˾ʷӡԼռһЩ顣
һֻεͭ¯³Ũ̴㣬鷿еɫ¡
ۿţֵ۹ǰߣսƵĵشл鷿
𣿡
һȴֲʧϵһֱָֻϸףͬʱ̺һֻһУʹŸϳһż㡣
ż㣬ֻм򵥵ļ֡ѵˡ
Ȼˡ
溲һϵɫָһͽż÷飬
ˣǸô
һӸ溲ҵĵطһ󶷾佫վ֪˶á
ǳ͢Ӵֵ½֪Ҫ𣿶֮սĳ̶ֳϣСʵΪǽΧҪȥԸ𣿡
Ϊأ
溲ͷҲûأɫ
ŨĴ󶷾佫ɫһȻû뵽溲дһʡ
ҷͷǲϵڶԸǣȷʵǣҽڶʹ¼СӶԶ̫ѷֵǶ΢ǡ⣬ķؿԽκεطȴƫƫѡˣƤ£ҲδЩ̫˷ˣǲһѵ˵ˣֵǿ¶ȥ
Сķ󶼻ҲţϣǺ֣һʩһѹʲôôҲ΢ǡ
ŨĴ󶷾佫
ҲѾˡ
溲еġǰվͦ˷һɽʹ󺣰ӴϢɢ
һɲǵĸ溲ɽֹ佫Ҳ΢΢ͷ¶˾ηɫ
˵λ⣬ｨǳأռˣô׵飿֮սΪ˳ȴΪ˽һһ룬ֺ˼
ңûǷı£Ǹһѹ˵ڰ֪Ѷˣֺγһ£Ҳףϵûôס
溲
֮
ŨĴ󶷾佫Ҳѱĵ˵ͷǺܿ죬Ƥһƺʲôæ
ֻǣˡ˳ڲֻһ˵£˾ʦ½˳ϵҴ壬ʱ֣¾ͰѾʦ˳ϵҴͨͨˡ
һ䣬ŨĴ󶷾佫ü¶һŨŨ
ǰԭšѵĸ溲Ҳüͷһ壬Ĭ鷿һƬš
ĸ֮ǿҲһʱˣǵΪֹûʲôĶΪ˼ҵȨƺ͵λǡǡ󣬾ʦǰ˳ϱԼսϵҴ塣
Ʒչô꣬ЩҴѾͨô򵥣ǵ뵽Ұ⣬Լط޿
Ǵ۹
溲ұ֤¾ûҴӵܺ


715 ֮ǣ
ȨٴҲֻһҡΪ󽫡¤Ը溲ݿ»治ҡ٣Ը溲ݣҽǳͷۡ
Ǿʦ˳ϵҴ塭
Ǵκεһ˶ŵģһ˳ɵҴų⣬Ҳζڴû׶֮ء飬溲ȥ롣
ҲǸ۹󽫸оֵԭ
˽ǣ˸Ҵ飬Ǹǳ˸⣡
ˣˡ
һӶߴ溲˻
£°ɣ
溲۾΢գֻһɲǼ䣬ͻָʦ˳ǵҴ壬һӴԵ޹ʵĵǾԲ֮١
֪Ѷ˵ˣҲ¤󽫡λˣӵüʮϰ˹ˡ
ûǷİǣҲܳɾԼǿ͵˹ĵλ
£ҸǵĵˡҺ֮ķ֮ЩʦеҴҲӦһ㣬Ǹʱ򣬾Թˡ
溲̧ͷĿ򿪵ĴӣԽ¥ƣѹկ˹ظԭһ̣Ŀޱȡ

ϣ
ս˻˻쳹ԭ˸֮ǵĿԶֹƾĺ˴ǣڸ֮߰￪ĵطҰҡҷû㣬һڿҰдԶԶ
ӥɲݳһջļڰ
һڹŹֵģ˵ȴͻʺƬıԵƥ˶ͻƤʴҰԵͻӡ
ǲѩ׵ĺͻʺĵλȻ͡
ǰƵġڰ˴󽫡ӵѾ»ΣҲҪ취ܹɱľһյļˣ
ԣһͻʹ帽͵
˶ӥǹˣĿⶼϵķŨŨĺ̴ӵƽһֱ͸ȻʲôҲȴ֪ŨҵĺƮĵطơڰ˴󽫡½ĳǳء
ǿϧôΪǣôˡ
ұߵͻʹȴû˿ϧɫЩ̵ڴ
Ҫϱɱôگˣگ̫ҲΪ˸ף͵͵ôĻƽɺˡҪֻ·һҲͰˡƫƫҪｨһǳأǲ𣿾ûگ̫飬ƾǳأɺҲĲ
ǺǣԼȡҲֲñˡλƺûдеôɺѾˣͥǱߣѾû֮ǰôˡ
һأԵλߵͻӣְϵ
˼˳ʲôԼڵѵʲôͼı
ұߵͻʹƤƺϢЩĻһʹޡ
͸֥ҲͰˣǰ˼˳ȴģĺˣһͳͻѪͻ˶ͻ˽⣬ʹַͻʺҲǶͻʺͻġ
ڶͻʺ˼˳ѱΪһĶɳɱ¶ȸжѾ˲֪ٴΡ
ˡ
ͻʳָϵһӥָ˰֣ʾԵͬɣ
ͥſɺʵǰϣȻͭǽڣιķɵģֻһѡͱͥսҲһˣ˶˼˳ָһ򡣡
ʼʱҺʹ󺹻סȷִƵλ½½ǳأһоһĿȻˡ˼˳ǵ֣ȥԸĵ˰ǰ˵˼˳иܣڴƾʦѹڿȻ
ϲڶڸЩҲˣⲻһ𣿡
Ҳͻʹ
˵仰һۣǴЦ
ণ
ͻȻ֮䣬һХӿдЦһ̧ͷпȥֻ߿֮£һϸСĺڵ΢Ϸ
߶ѾǺܶӥȸĪˣ㹭Ҳ䵽
ߣǷӥǹ
ͻЦһͻȻһ̽Ȼӱȡһһ˶ߵĻƽ󹭣һۣ乭׼߿еĺڵһš

غǳ籼׳һ㣬˲Ϣ䴩ؿռ䣬ؼϳһԵģİɫˣŸ߿նȥ
һֻ̣һХǸ߿ǳѰ̵ĵط޴ӥһᴩȻͬһ𣬱ըķѣƬ𲻴档
ߣ
ͻŸ߿գЦһѸٵĻعͷкһԵͻʹ壬˲ֻһʧããĲԭϡ
ڲԭƮԶԶ
ˣԶΨһĿˡĺ棬һһ֣ǧϵصִ
ЩйлҲиҵˡ
壡
֮ڳǽѲߵʱһϤͻȻԶһŮӣѩӢˬһƥͷķ
ԣһޢ껪ŮӣһӧǹʺѪ·һȼյһ㣬ͬ
˼⣿Ժӧ
Ŀһһ⣺
ôˣ
ߣΪǾҲ㣬ұˣ֮ǣǰ׼ҺԼҶзݡǳؿѵǹලһҲ𣿡
˼΢΢ƲͷĿǲơ
үһЩ£ˡ
֮оԣ֧䣬æ뿪
ߵҲ̫˰ɡ
Ŀ֮ıӰЦһܿعŰ˼Ժӧȥ
嵱Ȼ֪ΪʲôԼҰ˼Ժӧæ붼ûʹӦˡ
׼ҺԼҲΪԼʲôļƻԶֻ֧֡ǿôҲû뵽ԼȻֻΪ·
鱩¶֮󣬰˼Ժӧĳ־Ϳ֪
ǼûΪǰɣ
³ǽӭ˹ȥ
ߣ㻹еġʱ֪ˣȻˣ̫¥Ϊʲô˵
˼ⷭץǣǰݺݵĹһۡˣнζԶֵζ˶ࡣ
ԺӧһԹۣЦˡ
壬ɲ壬Һ˼οɱӲˡԼǴǰܵˣҺ˼ûܣ㱻ĳǾ˰¡
ԺӧҲǣԼս˹
ҵĴһر׼ΪǸ򰲣Ѷɣ
źһ˸ơ
ǣү
ԶԶĴһĻӦ
ܿһʿóŵӣ󲽱


716 һҹ漣ϣ

˼Ժӧ˵Ȼ˶ûϵдһСܿ죬ŤͷӵľʿĿǺ档
ǵΪֹûи͹вڴ
ܿ죬ʿͱ˹еӷŵ˵ϡ
ǡ˹è
񲼣ëޣѩСɵһϲ͸ǵľȻֻʦеĴʳ˹è
ʦȨһеĹٻŮӣҹ㣬ϲеľǴʳĲ˹èЩ˹èԸ˳ˣϲ˳ΪʦٻŮӡС뷿е¹
ʳ뾩ʦ֮ңҲ˹è̫󣬾ڣԴ󲿷·;оˡ
ɾʦемСһè
еĲ˹è棬ֶģרΪһĴɫ˹èΪģΪҲ˹è
ֻʳ˹èͨѩףûһ˿覴ãֻͫҲǳ⣬һֻһֻ꣬˿һ۾̲סҪĻҲ˹è
ǰֻڻҵ޻˹һΣ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ͸һ
ÿɰ
Ư㿴צϴץԼĺӡ
ǰ㿴Ȼҵ֣

˵עһӶ䵽еĲ˹èϣڵϣͣضŪǡһԵ壬һʱȴˡ
˼ԺӧȻӢˬųƽӢۣͬͨŮӣ˵ףŮӣһϲЩëޣɰС
ͶãͶˡ
ãͶˡ
忴һĻлһЦ
ֻʳĻҲ˹èרŴ˹Ūġ˿֮·ϾӪ꣬ҲʶٵĴʳˣЩ˹è˵ѻã˵⣬ʳֻ̣Ҫ㹻ļǮǻҲ˹èҲһŪ
ˣ壬˹èǺ𣬶ҵ˴ˮ㵽ôŪģ
Ƭ֮ƺʲô˼ⱧŴץסİɫ˹èվһĿ塣
ʮ͸𰸡
Ϸʵ
쵰
˼üһ
˵ǡ˹èܰɾһҪʱҪǳɾУɾͲԶ⣬żҪһ֭
Ц
˹è˻Ҫɾĳ̶ֳһֽ񱣬һ֪˲࣬ڼϷ˹è˴ͷ̣ڲ˹èϲԲŻɲ˹èĴ
֪һ㣬Ҫ˹èˡ
ֻèȥͬ˼ԺӧһҲ뵽˸֮ǵػ
ǰˣ˼Ժӧ˲ټĸ֣ҵĸٶѾ൱ǿ֧ˡ
԰ңĶֲ֧Զ
壬ʲô׼ˣΪʲôȥȫǳأЩ¥ջ
˼ǳһȦ̲סʵ
ǰǳ̫ˡôĵطȻʱҪʱ䣬ôһҲż
ԺӧҲŵ
˸ôãһֵĸ֮֮ײĵػԼʼһ֮󣬾ԷŻٶȣֱ˳ǳصڲȥЩΪ׼Ŀջ¥⿴ܲ
ΪǳصˣһҲż˸оŹء
˵ҪѹֻЩʱԼǻҪｻһ̽壬ҲǼҪǳؽôˣΡ
ϾԼҺͰ׼ҿͶ˺ܶǮĸ֮˺ܴѪʹۡ
Ǻǣ±İɣǳ޽ɵٶȻĻҪöࡣ
ȻһЦ
˼Ժӧ˼ôù˿ʵʱ龽ȣԱȻǱƵġ
ÿ˶иԵĿԣ˼ԺӧܰһѾ൱ˣȻҲΪѡ
ǿԸ߼ˣԼҺͰ׼ܹлõһǵĶö࣬ǳؽһºȫ깤


˼Ժӧǰľ㵡ǲ壬ǰ֮ôֻǸӣûʮǧ
ҳǳؽʱһöѾ൱ˡ˵ǳرͨĳǳҪöࡣܵѣҲоһǳ൱췽ҹ̷
忴ѯʵĿ⣬¶һĨЦݣȴûлش
ʵʤ۱磬ȵһ֮˾ͲΪڿˡҡ
Ǹʱ򣬿¸溲ͷҲһɣ
գаЦ
֮ôĶ졢溲֥˼˳ǵڶûжֻɳһЩ飬ûκεж൱ġ
Щ۹Ǵʲôע⣬һֻϧǲᡣ

ʱȥʮ֮󣬵ڶ֧Ԯ֮ǵ򹤽Լɳĸ֣ƸطݿĽ¥̴ĵڶĸ֮ǲȫ˳ִ
ڵҹӥࡢȸȫɢȥڸ֮ΧǻĳԼʳ֧αװõļҲȫ뿪֮ڿʼԼļƻ
¡
ҹ𶯣һ£ǳصĶǣһܵ¯¶ǵڶĵܵ¯飬ǧ򣬴Ӹ֮ǵĶǣһֱӵΧн䡣
ҵ¯һֱ֮Ǹҫͬ硣
ʼ
ĳǽϣ֮ɫ࣬岢һֱֻػ£¡ɲǼ䣬˷һ󺣳ģ춯صĸ
и֮Χʮ򹤽ͬзľʿȫͣеĹ뵽˳ǽĽ֮Сִ֮˿ʼΧѾۼɽ纣ĸ֮ģ顣
Щģڽ˵ײĵػ֮󣬾һֱûôȻ󲿷ֵĹͿʼͶ뵽˳ǳڲľ¥ջĽ죬һ̣֮ǰԤıһеĹʼ϶Щ֮ģ飬ʼϰļ彨졣
ϣ
һͷȥ䣬ںҹдԶţǧĸ֮ģںڰдһʱ䣬еĹѾȫϤͼֽԼķһпʼֳ
䣡䣡䣡
ĺ쳹أ纣¯ĻУǧĸ֮ģ񷭶һ㣬룬ĳֹɣͬʱ
ʮĹһ˰㣬еһͬһܾ޴ģͣתľܵĻĿٶȣǳء
ֺֻꡢ׳۵Ľ쳡ǿͳָǽϵİ˼ԺӧĿɿڴ
˼飡
˼ԺӧǳִңһԴԶΪϵңʵ͵ԶԶһνġҡ
ĳͿ֪˼Ժӧļʶ۽жôǼǰ˼ԺӧҲûмĻֺ׳ĳʮˣ뻮һȾӻҪҴǲġ
ң彨ǳصķʽҲӡеȫһ


717 һҹ漣£
˼⣬ҿ𣿡
Ժӧ૵л𺳡
仰Ҳ㡣
˼еһ㶼ԺӧС˵ĿУǧĸ֮ģ룬¯ҫУͿҪ֮׶ߵĵһ㣬ʱȥһӣѾȫ߸жḷ̌ǳؽĸ
׼
ڶ׼֭죡
עã
ʼģ

һźӳǳصĸطʮˣֳܹ˽ǧÿоĹ췢ʩ˴˲в㣣ȴּ򣬶ұ˴Э
κ˿һĻоһ𺳡ΪֳģԶԶʱĳǳؽͼɣ
ҹɫ֮ΧһƬȻļȻû֪﷢ʲô
˼ԺӧվڳǽϣӿϿպХ˿Զ֮һĹâ
רעһ̵վڳǽϣֹ˼ȫڳǳؽϣ˳ᢣӳⷽ٣ԶǴյȴӡԺУĶѡ
һɲǣ˶һָоϣƺԶûʲô飡
ˣʵһʱ䣬һֱڹŻ̽ȣЩˣ
ԺӧͻȻڵ
һֱڵȴЩ˷ɾ裬ͬʱҲڵȴЩģ͹
š˶ƭˣ
˼˵ţϷǵûֵ˼һĵͽͷ·һеһ
С쵰
ϣעԺܶ˵Ѱġ

峿ף
յУһƥսͬһ̳ʼԶصĸ֮ǡжѾһ£Ѽ
ǳؽʱûһĹ򣬸깤ÿ춼ȥͣҲ֪ʲôʱǸͷ
ϵʿ
ȻǳְûʲôԹԿԣϾսÿ춼ȥͬĵط۲쵽ͬĶͬĴ𸴡ոһգϼϵĳеޱȣԳܡ
ϣһʱ䣬ܹطȥɡǰߣĵĹҪãҿɲʱ䣡
ϵʿţͬʱһĹ۲λóȥ
֮ǵĽ䱸ǳɭϣۼǧ˵ľӣҺܿܶǲμ֮ս˹ءگֵľĸ֣ͻǳ鷳
ԴҶǾıǷͻһԶԶġ죬òܵ˼Ƥȥ
˺ܶ࣬Ѿ˵۹ģ߾ˡͻˡˡ˹ˡʳˡ֧ˡͳͳˣһαװɸֿݡ
Ǵ½ǾԲеģǻֽӽֺ˹ءͻʺӵĵطʵ̫ˡ
Ϊ˶࣬ԵǰѡλáϵʿԼѡһͰɽսĸ߶ȣ۲ٺòˡ
ϵʿͬһԼȥɽо˲ԡ
ӭųһƬɽ͵ӰӳС
ǣ
ϵʿƤжʱЩ졣һ£⸽˵ĵѾǳ彨صһ飬ƽ̹ûʲôͻĶ
ͻҲµЩͰɽˣ֮⣬ɲǵʲôɽ͡
ô£ѵҳֻþˣ
ϵʿв첻ѣһ̧̣ͷȻҲһɲǣڿǡɽ࣬͡ҲһĻǵľ
ӭųǧ˿Ƶĳ΢УƽϣȻһӴģΰ׳ΡȻ޵ĸ֮ǡǰĲ֮ͬǣ׶ߣ൱˸ߡ
Ľǽڣ⻬ͣȻһ壬һɽͰԺĸоڳУϵʿŨ̹ʮƵĹ飬ͬһ㣬ڳǽڲϵļӸߡӺ񡢼ӹ֮ǵĳǽ
⣬ⲻܣ
ϵʿɫȻ۾𺳵ĿǰһĻ
ֻ뿪һҹȻƾնһ׶ߵӴǳأ
һҹ
һҹ
׶ߵĸ֮ǣѾǳģܾ߹ģķ¡սǹԷˡΨһȱݣ׼˹ݵĵз˵׸ߵĳǽȻǿԷԽİˡ
ף
ֱּ񼣣
һҹʱ䣬֮Ѿȫڣдĸ֮ҲԽгķˡҸŵǣ׸ߵĸ֮ǣҲڼӹ̣ӿ죬Ԥٹһͻӵˣ
УҡҵøϽرˣ
ϵʿзȫһҹ֮ƾնһ׶ߵĸ֮ǣΪصʧְ
ݣ
գϵʿæתͷʱķȥ
̽ӡҲ׷׸ϵ˸ϣУս˻ƺܵ˼ľš
⣬ⲻܣ
ô飬ģ
һҹһҹǵôġһǳʲô⣬һʲô©ġ

󣬴һ󾪺ȻƾճֵĳǳؾģԶֹһˡ

飡
һֻصοյĽϣɲǼ䣬ضҡھҵҡΣ·Ҫ
˵ʲôСһҹ֮ｨһ˶ߵĳǳأ
챩ŭз쳹
ȻҲΪһţǵʧķ𣡾Ȼǰ˵ֺ
ӵ̽ӵϢĵһӦǲšǳؽ裬û˿ٶȥ죬Բܣܹɽ³Ҳһܡ
ˣ¾ʵްԡλӣȷȷʵʵһҹ֮һɶߵĳǳأǳڻ
µʿڵأϻ̳Ͽ֣Ȼû˵꣬飬ͻȻ˷һӴǵأɽ͵һɳȥ
ʶ̽
ķŭķ·Ҫն˺ˣеսʿڷķŭ󶼻ôãǻǵһμôƢ
գ
⣬ҳɳȥʿһ·ĸ֮ǱӶȥ

¤ǡ
溲õϢʱѾȽˣȻֻŸϢ¥еʱȻڱ˲Сĳ
ˣԲܣôһҹ֮ͱһǳ᲻̽󱨣
溲鷿һ󶷾ĸ͵һƽеֽϡ
һҹʱ䣬ǽǵ̽Ǻ𣿾ȻϢ
Աһ󶷾ĲҲ͵ӵϢǵĵһо𺳣һֱŪĸо
һҹ֮佨һǳأǳػҪͨĳǳشֻСŰɣȻûĳЩսλԺյĴ󶷾ǰ


718 ؼ
֮У鱨鱨Ҫ׼ȷ󶷾ΪƵľ赲˹ʮǲ׶ǿڣһҪ󣬸ӵĿ̡
ǰĳ򣬴ϢףվѾͷˣҲڽ˷ŭԭ
ˣǸ˸ĳ˭վеĹѾԵأְˣ
鷿һŭĴ󶷾
ҪְĲǡ
ͻȻ֮䣬һƽͣȴֲʧϵ鷿ɲǼ䣬鷿һƬţеĲ˫գֱֱĿһ
ڶĲϢѾˣϢǿһģһ⣬ķҲһţ˵һжġ
溲˫֣Ͽκεı鲨
溲һ䣬ѻȸÿ˵϶͸һɲ˼ɫ
ǣôܣǿǶĳǳذһϵʱ䣬Ŀ𣿡
֪˭
仰˵˵ܳڶԴ󽫾𾴣û˻˵Ļһҹ֮䣬һ׶ߵĸǽ˵ڣҲȻͬ췽ҹ̷
û֪һ̵ĸ溲Ȼ濴ƽĵĴһ㶼ȴ󶷾ڽ١
һҹɶ࡭ôģ
溲д˷
ϵʱ򣬸溲Ѿ֪Զ˵Ǹ꣬ӵһ־˵츳ٴμʶʱ򣬸溲Ȼоһ˿
ĸ֮ǣ溲ҲҪ߰˸µʱ䣬ڿԶԶҪôʱ䡣
ܶĹغ͹ɣһǸӣƺòˡ溲һսԼͣʲô񴥶ڣ溲ЩǸ˵ˡ
ƻϲϱ仯ԭ׼֮Ǹƻɲóˣı
溲תͷ
ѾܾûôĶˣȻΪֹûмǸӣ˶ûʶʱǾѾһˡ
ʣ溲͹ԼĶ֡
ɿһҹ֮䣬һ׶ߵĳǽôӹɣʼʱ׾ʹԴ⣬ֱһ׼׵ʱ죬¾㱸¶Լɡ
˼
溲һ⡣
Ϥλ󽫵˾ͻ֪־Դı֡
Ҫô׵ģһвŸոտʼ
溲ԺͷһкܿΪƽ
¤ͥе˶һҹ֮佨ĳǳ𶯣Զˣɢ̽ӣĿһ˼ĳ
ϡ٣ƶߵС˿֮·ϣһչ¶ִĿѧͽ
ʮĹ֮ͳ£ǰδеٶȽϴδֹĸ֮ǡ
еĳϵִ˸ʱ򣬿Ļһҵĸ֮ǣǵϵʱǳؾѾʮ׸ߡ
ڴƵʷϣʷϣûгֹĽٶȣҲûгֹģ黯ǵ
֮ǸۼȺԽԽ࣬еŷɳ֮ǰĳÿȷϢ
Զĺ˶˹
˶𺳵Ŀ޴󡢻ֺ롢׳ĸ֮Ǵ޵Уһչ¶ǰ
һĻλã񼣣
Ӵġδֹĸ֮ǰÿ˶ᵽһС΢ͺڴǰһ
𺳣
˼飡
ľη

п֮ǽ̵ˣеĸоĶӵ֮ǲһе壬ÿ˶о˷ľηͺһɽֹɴĦoһ㡣
ү֮ǣӣ
ʮ׸ߣ⻬͵ĸ֮ϣƺƣ뷢֮վڸ߸ߵĳǽ棬׳ңĽԺ
һ¥ͳǳƵĻʹ뽨ƽĽһǶ֮ϵʨӳǣǳظıʮ϶ˣϡ
һµĸ֮ǡ
ڴƵʷϣԼ˵֪УеĳǳضӦʯģµĳǳȴеĴͳ
ǵһĸ֮ǣ
ǳķѵĸԼκңκԼκεľʦġ
򵥵˵ǳص£еңеĽ¥̣ݿиоĹȫΪãһһǳء
˻ʹ֮⣬ǰûй
ҫκһľʦΪ֮Ժͽ
κһľʦΪ֮Ķġ
һлոտʼ㲻ھ˰ɣδǸ㼣ֻǴƣĵطҲֻ֮ǡ
֮վڳǽЦ
˵ǣ̫ˣкүڣѵ²ܱʷᣬΰ׳հĽ
֮漴̲סЦ
ףӦͣǺһսֳǳأģҲԼͣᡢѪ顣
ھԼҲ֪Լļ
ˣ֮Щ䡯׼ôˣ
ͻȻڵ
⡭ʵ׼ˣպүķԸеķȫľװˡЩ͵Ͳ뽨Ĺ֪
֮ܿ췴Ӧ
ţ
˵ͷǳ⣬ʮӰӰ´£ԽԽ̽ӣĿԹһĨĹâ
罫ǺܿͻõЩңʮ׵ĸ߶ҲԿʼڳǽϰװˡ

֮˵ͷΪ˽ǳأ巢˺ܶɵĶ˵֣˵ֱ˵һȫµĶ⣬ס
ֶ֪˲ֻ֮࣬ߵĵӣԼһЩĹ
֮ԹȫµĶͨĳߡɸӵľȷľҲӵķ㣬ԾͿʼߵдƹ㡣
ڣֶѾܶľʦˣвϴԽԽơ

ܿ뿪˸֮ǡ
ǳ޽ʮ׸ߵʱһоѾ̤졣֣֮֮ǵ깤ֻʱ⣬а˼ԺӧҴĸֱڵĸ֮ǹʱǾԲʲôġ
ҲȥǼˣ
վڸʵĸǽϣĿһԺӹͷ
˽ӽȻڶԼеѣȴġ۹ġδ˹֮սʳ֮ĳͻΪıԴأȻûмʱɳһһ䣬ǰ֧Ԯǲ˼ģ
֥ɳ֧֡ǳս»԰ܳӣҲ᳹׶ǳսӴһʲ
ȻڵķǳҲòϣʵͷϵԸ֧Ԯ֥ͰǸʱѾޱˣ
ǵģޱã


719 ³Ҳͻʵһ̣
һشƳʺ֮أȻޱáǲģȷȷʵʵʵ
һ㣬û˱ˡ
ʺҪ˹ص۹ͻʵ۹֮ļз죬ÿһ겻طΣִССսı˹غͻʺַĹĵġ
Ȼ½һֱɱɱҲ޵޵ġ
˹ս֮ǰ˹ص۹ͻʺ쳣ļңǵյԭ򡣶Ϊգŵ˹֮սʧܡ
ԣҪı˹֮սĲҰܣҪģǸı˺ʹҲѷط˵Ҫԭ֮һֻһ㣬ûжκ˵
ҪıˣͱҪ׵˹غͻʺ
˽֮ǣӵ֮أֻǵһڶǿʼ˹أͻʣһǾɲ˵ġ
λ±Ԫ˧ĽϵУֻһس֮ʲôȡ֮һȻû˼һҲûֲܡ
һУֻܿ
ڴ֮ǰڿעҪ۹ļƻ֮ǰ廹ȥһ顣
ûǼҲֻǡɸΪ֮̾
գ
ûоκˣ峿ʱϢ뿪˸֮ǡ

ȥŹٵԼ߰˰֮󣬾͵ķΧɳĥ£ɫӾӣˡʳˡ֧ˡͻˡ˹ˡк˻һ𣬶Һ˵ԶԶ˺ˡ
־ǴκһطԿġ
ӣˡ
һͷסĻ¥һʮ꺺˰ͷĶһʮ
š
꿴ǰĻ¥ĵͷ
εҺ⡣ȵɹҲġ
лү
Ӵϲæһ
ţҸ˵ﲻҪҺү
ü
ǣСͻˣˡ
һ˿ֵ̿ɫæͷ
ηģͬʱֳΪүģҲһˡӸ֮뿪װ磬ƹֱӵִ˴
Ѿڰ󶼻֥ķΧˡ
Щ۹ĺ˴֪һ˶ӵˣҲвòɡ
߰ɡ
ûж˵ȿż˻¥С
һ̤Ļ¥¥ĺĦ࣬١áס˼˿С
ЩԭȻͬڶбһζ
̧ͷһֻۣ˿Уһ欵ĺڻ¥ֲϵ趯Ѫš
Ȼдʳ
ںܼЦĵطһź£¶ѩ׶ƤֽŴۺ촽˿޴ʳҧһϴĺڿвͣ趯תȦ
һƬ͵кá
ھʦдʳĵطīͣȨΪʿۼĳ
ֻϡΪ󣬳ھʦĴʳϾǲࡣˮ¥̨ȵ£欵ĴʳȾʦҪĶࡣ
ĿֻʳͣƬ̣ܿľʷݶ£뵽˻¥ĵ¶㡣
ֺһߺЦһƬĺ˾ۼһӡµ󰡢һƬ
һĳ
Ǵöĵģȴһܲɡ
ȷ𣿡
Ťͷʵ
үдϲ棬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôֻ˵仨¥ŮˣЩϸ𡣡
Աߣӹĵ
⣬֮ǰѾˣպþ仨¥ڵ¥ֻٲ˲ܽȥȥżܸߣһǷǸ󡣼˴ǮѾ׼ݣʱԽȥκġ
ӽȥ֮ͻˡ
Ե˵ͷӪָ꣬ơҪôһˣǾԲдġ
ûоκˣܿŷµ˻¥ĵ㡣
һ·ϣѾ׵һ˳ǳ⣬߼飬ҵܼҾͻǰһһ棬˺ܶ鷳
ڵ¥ǺɫĴʳë̺Ƕһſ顢觡䡢ɺװ޵ĸûʣȴʧ¡
үˡ
ҵĹܼǰ·䣬ҲķǰҵĹܼͣһţһͻʿĴЦŮӵĻЦ
ҡ
һ˿âƿţ˽ȥһ˲䣬ĻЦȻֹ
ɫ磬ĿɨһȦܿ˷һ½̻¶飬룬ӥĿǵͻϡ
ҵˣ
ͻҼȭͷСͷ˵ͷһĨϲõɫǲãͭ
ļУڼϣͭãʱģֻһˣͻˡ³Ҳ񡱡
ӵһݣԭϣͻ̣
ҪʵԼ˹أͻʣ׸ıĺΰƻҪһ㣬Ǳӵ㹻ս
ĵһѾҪѵɣûս̸ϳµġ
Ծðű֥ͷ췢ֵΣգҲҪܵΪ˾ǰλͻʵĵһ̡³Ҳ񡱡
֪õս˹˵ҲǴƵսʵϣĵθͲʺϻս
еսͻʲԭ
ͻ˵սǡǡõսԴ
ΨһܹԽͻģҲֻдʳսǴʳ֮ңҴʳս鷳Ҳˮ֮£ͻ׻ãҲγɹģʺϾɽƵš
⣬ͻսʵҲѷɫڴʳս
Ҫ빺ͻսƲǰλ³Ҳ񡱡Ӷͻʺͻʺڴʳ֧սԼûУλ³Ҳ񡱳裬а취ȥŪ
򣬾ûбõ̡
˾ϾҪѵɣҪΪպ֧ݺ۳ңңµġҪս
⻹һװ磬ĵִҪԭ
Ҫǣ֪պĴƶֶѣѾ֮һһս᲻ϵط
ÿһսдս
պ⽫ǱԴ⣬û㹻ս޷齨šûţûлֻᱻ˸ơ
ǲսģһƥһƥ޷Լ䡣
嵱ΣΪ±Ԫ˧սҸ޷


720 ʷս
ȻϸףйģֻҪץסǸᣬȫлôսΪպսǰ׼
Ǹᣬǰ³Ҳ񡱵ͻ̡
Ҫҵ³ҲȴףΪƮĴԭ˹ʳ˹ظԭпܡ
ҲΪҵָƵġټϼֻ֪ƬצԼִ˵ǰһ¾ͿʼѰܹ׽ټ
Ҫǣ֪ڿʼ໹£˾ͻ᳹ʧȥᡣΪ³Ҳ񡱺ܿͻΪԼĸ߰ͻɳ޿ɺ
ʧȥˡ³Ҳ񡱣ûܹͻʲԭϣôսҲû񡰺³Ҳһ裬ͨͻʺķͨ
³ҲִӴͲԭϳΪ˾졣
󺹹󲻾ãҲ׵ս׵ͨҲɴʧȥԼĻᣬӴսѷΣ֮У
ԣǱһ³Ҳͣľ͸ϹˡЩ粻˳٣һԶ
ʲôˣ֪ҵĵ𣿸Ͻҹȥ
һͻŭ˼³ҲɫһֻѾ䵶ʱ׼֡
³Ҳ񣿡
ЦȻڵ
˭ô֪ҵ֣
³ҲɫһȻɫһõǻ֪޼󲿷ֶˡ
ǵԼǰʶ
ǺǣҪšǱ˽ġ
һЦȡһһƣɫڣͬī֭һ㣬һֻֻޣķȫͬ
ȻⲢĶ
ŶԭľܵǸҵˡ
³ҲŨüʱҲɿ䵶ɫȴ¶һɫ
ľҲȤѵ֪Ǵͺ˴򽻵ͻ˺ͺ˾ĵˣȻ뵽ˣҪЦˣǴģҲ㻹ʲô黹ãϽҹɣˣǼȾƣ
³ҲӵұʹɫѾҺ˳ź뻬£ȫǰԺ

ҲɹһЦҲգԹԵں³ҲĶ
գðΧͥ󺺸У˻ƽ򶧣ð˱׵ǲơڡɺˣ벻³ҲȻ˷ǣȿɺҪֱƣ
ȤȤȤҵСˣ
Ļ³Ҳڵϣʹƣ仰۾һȻ̧ͷǵһʶĴһ
Ǽҹ
³Ҳ˫Ŀһɣԭӵұڻеļʱŵûʧɫţæ˳ȥ
ô˵ͻƽ򶧵ˣ
³ҲŶ
ðΧͥͻʶ֪һ׮ǧǰľ¡
ʱ󺺸ʵոս£ӵ۱½ʿƣ־ʱͻߵߣʦϣðٵĶʮ󣬱˰׵ǡ
Ǵ½ʷϵһδģĴⲽ˴
ȻƲ࣬ǵ˽죬˶֪ʮĴζʲôڿҰУɨĲҲʲô¡
ˣ
ҲǴʱ𣬲ʶ˳ɹģɴ˿ʼģĽ˶֪
˺۵ʱΪһѩ׵֮Χ齨ӴĴţսɨͻʣǳ׻ܵɽԱ궼ûָԪ
ðٵֻӴĲԭ䣬ūִͻʣʾǳ޹أ˺ҵһ˶֪ġ
Ծˡ׵֮Χͻʵǲɻġĳ̶ֳϣͻʻҪɵһЩ
Ҫ˼Ȼ
мҹµ˼룬ǲԭȻðٵֲԭϵĴܱ򶧻ƽǺ³Ҳ˵ͻʺʹڽսԲǿЦ
̣ܴƺͻ֮ĹϵΣ³Ҳݺڸˮͻ̣ǾԲںʲôҲʲô뷨
ģֻᣬҲֻһǾǡ桱
ֻҪ㹻棬ѡɳ޿ɺˣ
ƽʲôú³Ҳ񣬴ԭ̣ͻʺôս㲻ֻ׬ƽ򶧰ɣ
嵭ɫȻԵá
ˣ
³Ҳһ˿ѩĹâǰ忴룬Ȼ½Ҳ¶ɫ
СˡҰĻǲС
³Ҳ˵Ȼһ֮ǰȻͬ
˵ɣҪսǧǧǧһ򣿡
ʧЦֻǲҡͷ
򣿡
³Ҳɫ΢䡣սˣһ㶼һǧǧǧǧġһǧģǴͻˡ
ϾǧͻսѾ齨һֻǧ˵ţѾ൱ɹˡΪֹûô
ǰ꺺ܹսǺ³Ҳ񲻵ò˵ԼСˡ
򣿺³ҲǲҲ̫Сˣѵͻʵһ̵ֻŪôһս
嵭ȻһЦ
ѵĵһսʿʹﵽǧ֣Щ˿ɶõڳɽѵݣսļ٣ǡǡܽǵƷӵޡ
һϸܹһ֮󣬽ʮμתʮһսһߡ
ЩԲǡȡߡֿݵģһ㣬ųϾͻʾ¶޷
ǾѵҲǿ
һǧˣȫҪ䱸սġ˴廹ˣһ˵ٶҪս
δսÿһδƶҪʧսڴҪعƣ¶Ҫʮƥ֮ࡣ
ʵϣĵĹƣΪ˴ƵĻӦǴﵽ߰ʮƥƣ
ֻҪǴԭϣûҺ³ҲŪսǿ˵ɣ㵽Ҫս
³Ҳһ˵ʱҲݼͨͺ졣Ϊ̣˵ʲôԣΨСơ
һ㣬ҲǺ³ҲѨ
Ҳ֣
΢΢һЦں³Ҳ𾪵ĿУָͷ
ʮƥ
ʮƥ㿪Ц𣿣
³Ҳʧʶ㣬͸ҲûôսңʮƥһСĿ
³Ҳܹ֮ɵôսΪ࣬սȺĴԭϣʲô
սÿ춼ᷱܣʧһЩûעõ
ʮƥ
ĿֻϹӲſǿɺ¶ע⵽
ǣԭˣҿˡԭ³ҲҪҵˣ
״ͻȻЦһһֱʱ򣬻һ䣬վں³Ҳ㵵ĿУ˵תߡ
ֻһѾߵſˣȻҲȥˮ


721 ³Ҳ壡
ȡһȣһȣҲû˵
ۿҪ߳ţ³ҲҲˣһײǰʢѵ̣æ
ººôʲô
ô˵аգˣ
ͣ½Ųתͷʵ
ֻǾЩ̫еѣ˵첻Ұʱ䡭
ûаֻ꣬£

𣿡
³Ҳ
ĵ˵ͷ
ʱ䣬Ҳ̡̫쵰֮ˣǸʱףǩһԼҪʲôã
Ȼһ㣬³ҲԼ϶Ǹܲǡ
ңҲûָľܴӺ³ҲŪ߰ʮƥսǲܵġͻʺǷˣŻôӴųڴơ
߰ʮƥսҲһСĿ
Ƹûôȥ
ʵ˵˵߰ʮƥʮƥ֣Ҳ˵һ¡ܴӺ³ҲŪʮƥսǴջˡ
ƴǰûôôս᲻óǮǸûٶͻʺĿɺǲɵôսȥԼĶֵģ
Һúÿһ£ﲻ̸ĵط
³Ҳɫࡣ
ʮսС£ǣķ̫࣬³ҲҲòС¡ӷ뿪³Ҳû߻¥Ĵţͨ¥һرġС뿪ġ
Сһͬȴͨİһֱֱͨ档
ֲҪҵôѣ
ź³ҲڡСߣипѡ³Ҳͻʵһ̣֪ʵͦ࣬ҵͦ١
ʵϣܶٺ͹Ĵ˵ġĻֳ˶Ҳ٣˵ˡ
ӻ¥ȥȴǲԶһ¥뿪һͭꤣܼȺĺͬأһⲿۣͨͨڲȴĸۡ
˸֮ۡУ³ҲûаӭңǴһεİţһͨ
³ҲҪȥ
Ƭ̣ں³ҲͻȻ
ˣͿ쵽ˡˣ
³Ҳǰ·ʱͻȻعͷϣͻȻһ׵ģһִ󣬳أǧصĽդͻȻͺ³Ҳ֮䡣
üͷһ壬ûü˵䣬ͻȻ֮һִ󡢳صĽդ赲ȥ·
һʱ䣬֮һ㣬դ֮䡣
³Ҳʲô
ʵɫȴû˿Ļš

³ҲЦͻȻ¶һ˿ƻթɫ
벻ǻ档˭ֻõȻ͵͵װ磬ܵ㽻ȥأкܶԸǮɡ٣˹صĲگ̫ӵ¾һ⣡
³Ҳʱ˺ȥαװ¶˱Ŀ
仰ɫһ¶һ˿صɫ
ʲôʱϳҵģ
òϣķչЩԤϣҲû뵽³ҲȻϳαװͻʵһ̵ļթƻͽԶĻĶࡣ
ʮƥս㵱СģϰǧƥѾˡʯĹųƸ£һΣҲǧƥѡôƫƫô棬ͨ𣿡
˵ʮ֣ԲģǴ½ģһʹƳ͢ϵǳǴƳ͢ЩˣԲܵ⡣
򴫵÷з˵Ǵʥ׷ϻܻء޺͸޷θȫλｨһ֮ǡҲ˲飬˵λһģһӣû˵ɣ
˵һ䣬³Ҳﻹԭ֣޳Ǹӡ
СˣһСС̣ȻҲǻۺͶ죡ֲָӵĵطˮݺôꡣԺĵóѵˡ
ҡҡͷʧЦǧǣһʧҲòϣԼС³Ҳ
ΪƾЩס𣿡
ɨһǰصĽդЦЦ
ȷʵûϵ³ҲϳԼݣǾԲǵʧ㣬ʱﵽһ̶ȣʵûбҪֵ̫ġرսĳϡ
õĴɽɱһ˵֣ôܻ⣿Ҫ֪һ㣬ΪΪʲôҪ
³Ҳ͸һ˿թɫܶ˶Ϊ֦Ҷȴֻ֪ǲ׾ѡȻ⣬Σأ̽Ϣ˽гԼǱڵĽ׶֣ⶼһϸ̱ǰҪġ
֪ʵǿҲ֪ȸֽûõģΧЩդҴӴʳŪĸЩӲޱȣþرļӹֱӾͿĴʳȸֽȸֽٷҲܿöϡ
⣬֪Ϊʲô˵ô𣿾Ϊ֪Ӳˣˣ
˵󣬺³ҲЦô£ķעķȴԼУҲֵý
ɺ֪ҲؽԼɣ
۾΢գɫƽһֱĬĬĿդĺ³ҲЦЦ
Ȼ֪ȸֽ֪ҵĽж𣿡
ͻȻڵ
ˣ
դ⣬³ҲĴЦȻֹ
ߣûбҪˡȵˣһԴʬҵĽȻԲһˣ㰲ĵȥɣ
δ䣬³ҲͻȻ߲̽Զĵһ̤ﶣһ¡һգͻȻ¶һ޴ġ֪жĺڶ廹ûзӦ˴դһ׹ȥ
ѾǡդˡʱͿԿ³Ҳվĵطʵһ޴ġЩդǡһ֡
³Ҳ壬ͬ޴ơһŵص׹ȥ
Ļأ
ХеľͬһѸȥӵ׹䣬ҲòϺ³Ҳ壬ԼĻҪɵĶࡣ
³ҲĿĲҪס壬Ҫס֮󣬽֪жĺڶˤȥ
ˤҲڵصסֻͣҪѲʮ󲻳ԲȣҲɡ
ЩͷԺһζܿͻָƽ
׹ĺܿ죬ֻôһѾˣܺģ޷
׹ʱľ޴ԣ޷ʩչ


722 սף
ֻϧסң
ڰУһĨѩĹâ絶ƽޱȣбţһ̣ϣһõĽϵȸֽѸٳ֡
䣡
һɲǣֺͣڰУһĳֻһͽ³Ҳôʳķѡ
һ𣬴Ʊڶû˿ͣҽһ̤ʱһ㣬ҡϡ
ʮ֮Ҳǽһ̤ٴμɶϣ˷ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ϷԭĵطѸٳһ⣬Ҽٵ
ڣ
̧ͷԺѸһ⡣
ǳأҲǳ죬еǰֻ׹߰ʮ
ͨ˵ǱɣǶֻ侳˵ָ߶ȸֵһᡣ
һɲǣһ𣬾ͬһ㣬ڣӵƿնһ֮ڵϡ

ߴһľֻۣµİУ֪ʲôʱ˱ڣһˣѪ졣
ں˱ڵ룬һź£ͷ糾ͣһŰɫֵˣһذףĵź³ҲĲӡ
˿˿
³ҲľţͻȻ壬˫۴еĻָ̿ˣ
ܣ㡭ôģ
ȻһЦ𾪵ĿУ˹ȥ
ǣſ
һƣź³Ҳغ˵
ǣү
һһӰѸٵ˿
һģ
³ҲĴ㵡
Ц
Ǻܾ֮ǰѾɳȥˣ㼣鲼ôã͵˴һƬﶼѧ˲١
һκ涼ϲȥҺ³ҲôҪ飬ĵһ£ǰѶٻء
³ҲΪƭ¾ûˣֻ˵ʵ̫ɡ
ûȫ׼ôððʧʧĽ
³ҲǵĽ׿ǵôˣ
߹ȥΨһһӣʩʩȻȥ
ʮƥսֻҪܰŪǵĽȻЧ
³ҲһȻûϵȻɱ
ʮƥսɲСĿ
һᵽǮ³Ҳָ򶨣¶˵ḷ̌Ȼ򲻹ԷҲɱǾͿǺͶԷ⡣
Ϊһ˵ıܣ¶
Ȼ֪ǴƵôõݣѵȱʮƥսǮ𣿡
ЦЦ³Ҳ˼ܶҶɣҪ˵ɲס
³ҲƤһʱĬˡ
ȷʵ³Ҳ׺İ˴򽻵ΪȫҲΪϳݣԲ뵽ݺ
ȻҲΪˣȷ֮ں³ҲУһ˸ӿſɿˡ
еλˣǺеײʧԡοΪ顣
ãԼ֧巴ҪԶԶӴκһ
ңʮƥսȷʵһӴĲƸ
һɲǣ³ҲͻȻЩĶˡ
㣬ǼǮأ
³Ҳ¶һ˿թ̣ȻԷƳ͢Ϊ飬ݺݵեһʣҲΪеġͻ֮ˡ
仰巴ЦˣӿʼСĽɣݺڵ̰ģ³ҲϷ˾޴ת䡣
˵µĲǺ³Ҳ̰ģ̰ģڽǮ
ƽ٣еĻϵȫǸʱĻƽô
ܹ㹻սıƵˣĳ̶ֳϣԸ⽫ƵĻƽ𶼸
ǸʱĻƽѾʯͷࡣ
ϵսǰʮƽҸһ
һָŶݣ
ֻҪս
ããû⣡
仰³Ҳ۾ʱһƬѩս󣬻ûаʮƽһƥҲֻʮѡ
һƽһƥļ۸ķ֮һں³Ҳؽϵ˵޷ջ
Ҫ֪˹ءگ߾Լ̸еʱ򣬾ʮһƥļ۸񣬶ԷҲҪּۻۣá
ôˬĿˣں³Ҳ˵ֱ
ֻҪսսأ
³Ҳܿ췴ӦеĹ졣
ţĲҪˣֻҪս

һսս첻󣬿ɱǵ˹ؼʱ̣ǧԼսʱߵĲͻʾ
ͨսֱֱֻȥսȴϵʿͨһսҲһսǿ׳ࡣ
ȻļˣȻҲ䱸õսϾļƻУｫҪԵĵˣǴʳҲֻͻʴԭϵսſԺЩţ󣬼Ϊ׳Ĵʳսһϸ£Ტۡ
û⣡ϡ
ΪһţδӦ÷ǳˬ죺
ֻҪսƬԭϻûҰ첻¡ֻǡӷ棿
³Ҳ˵ţִĴָʳָ궯һ˶׵ơ
û⣬һҪʮƥսΪʾţ໥ȽһƥսĽףһڣҪҵĸ֮ǿһƥսҲǸʱ򣬽һƽ𽻸㡣
һƥսͻʵһ˵Ӧòʲôɣ
˵Ƴһۺ³Ҳ
ʲôһƥսѣʮ֮ҾͿ԰ϵȥ
³Ҳţź
һҪʮƥս³ҲϾֶҪķʱģҪӸռ
һƥսԺ³Ҳ裬ͻʸ֮ĹϵĲ̫⡣
ңһƥսǾǰĻƽѾ㹻´㣬Ϊⳡʷǰľ޶ǰ׼ˡ
˫ܿһ£ҰͨеķʽǩһԼ˫ҧĴָѪˮָӡ
ˣ³Ҳ˵һܼҽҩ޸񣿡
ͻȻ̧ͷЦЦ
ôˣ
³Ҳȴǿһ
³Ҳȷʵ˼ܼ񣬵ߵˣ˼֪
Һ³Ҳ̸ʱҲӲǣ⼸ܼҲӲͷ¶档
³ҲܼɵԿ
ʶʮѶûôǣ˵ˡ
³ҲôҲףǵһεִҲǵһκ棬ô֪мܼң֪ҩ޸֡
ǺǣûʲôҲʡĸƤ³Ҳһ¡
Цţתߡ
³ҲʼһԻ󣬵ǿ屳ָʱɫһ䣬ƺʲô
ܿӺ³Ҳĸۡ뿪ˡ


723 ľ棡һ
ӣǸ³Ҳֵ𣿡
·ϣĦ࣬ͻȻʵƯһ࣬ȻѾǻšӡʼĳƺ
޹أֻҪͿˡңɲš
һЦԺȴʱ³ҲֹŹֵı顣
ҩ޸񣬺³Ҳ׽ҲεĹܼңƹ߳ϵĲƲں³ҲоԡĹ
ֻϧ³ҲҲûϵҲӣλĹͻС檣Ǳӡ
³Ҳһϵд֪ͻʵĴɳնףҲʹ˲޹ϵ
⣬ӡʮƥսɲһСĿǵõó𣿡
һǵ
ļ۸һƽһƥʮƥսǾһǧƽµĸ֮ǵãǴӾʦǧģҪ빺ʮƥսҵǾġ
ҿӺ³Ҳۡг֮˫ü壬Ҳ࣬һӣԭڵʮƥսҵȻңҪôս𣿡
ЦһĺںҪٻƽȥǣҲѹ⡣
ǹôսǡ
ǲͷ
һֱΪװ磬ǱսΪԼƺȫˣжʱɻˡ
ôãоȫ˼·
ȻΪ˴ơ
岻˼
ʮƥսһƥĻнȡƥͳͳ͸͢
ЩսҪĲһСĿҲֻгܴ͢⣬ҪĽ
һǧǼǧڵĴ˵ëëϸ꣬ʲô
Ȼھ˥ˣ˼ûǰӢºͽȡô̩񰲣ֺ̣ͨȷȷʵʵ˴Ƹ
ʱãʲôʱ
ܿ뿪򣬺ʱһûоκˡҲ뿪ͬʱһֻɫצŸԶͨŸٶȣ뿪򣬷˴Ƶľʦ
֮Ÿ£㴰鷿С
ǡţ
ż㣬ԽԽ̲ס˷ܵĴЦ
սʮƥ壬Ϊ͢ĹͣҪƽ𣬱೯͢ȫΪҵҪйĴϣ˭˽Ϊ
˵һ䣬ɫͻȻޱȣػƽҲͰˣ漰͢սִǴϣ˭ҪǸҵң˵Ҫɱʷˡ
û˿ĳٻż㣬ŲҴңܿ뿪

ܿص˸֮ǡǰǰʮʱ䣬ڵĸ֮Ǻǰͬ
ʮ׵ľ޴ǽڴϣ⻬ͣκεݵȹе̾
Ȧĳǽɺ󣬽ӽʮĹѾȦĳǽԼ֮ڵĸ־¥ջˡ
ҴҲʼפ֣Լľ¥̣ǳڴľһƬȻļ
ﵽһķѾʼ̤죬ʲô޷ֹˡ
үǰڵĸֲĺͳǽģѾȫˣĽٶȿ¾ûôˣҪݿĽ¥̴ĳǽģ飬Ȼ͵¶ʱڣͲ
վڸ߸ߵĳǽϣӭҵĿ磬֮˵
⣬ǳس˵ķҪһЩвļǽһЩ֮๩ʿܵзĵطٶϾͿ첻ûǰȡ
ûйϵ֮ǽ쵽һѾ֮ءʼĿġǶѾﵽˣ
峤ԣƮ衣
млģ黯ǳأޱȣ֮ǡںܶ˵һ㡣Ǻܶ˶Եˣ׼Щ֮ǵģ飬ǰҪ϶ٵԼʱȥ׼
ǽ˾ǸҵԴͲԼ޵֡һҹǡǸǲܵġһӴḶ́ںܶܶ˵Ǽֱ
Ǿĵĵطģ黯ǳĵļٺ棬һ޴ȱݣ
Ǿеģǽǰڵĳ׼ϣһģϣͱȴڵĽ죬ٶȻϺܶࡣҲڵĸ֮ٵ״
һʱķ죬ѾΧѻɽ纣ĳǽģȫĸɵˣĽٶȻٻ
˵ĿѾﵽˡ
¡¡
ں֮˵ʱͻȻ֮䣬𶯣һ󺣳ĺȻӱ洫һŤͷʱֻƽߴŨ̹Ũ֮ڵ۶Ƽ产ˡ
Ϯ
һХ˺գ֮ΧϴļǧԼҴĳǳػ˷Ӧֻһ˲䣬˷о벻ԶĻ׷׾ۼڶ̶̵ʱڣгսʱ׼󣬹֡
ˣ
಻ԶĵطȾ޴ĸ֮ŶſԽԼʿӭڣҲʱо֮⣬ƾء̵ĳǳطء
Ķߴ˻һҴѸٵĳ˳ͷϼ׼˱
ǰֻϢʱ䣬ոջææµµһƬиĸ֮ǣȫװ䱸ɭϣһ㡣
ˣ
ġоԽԽ̳ҲԽԽŨۿŽҪһҵսͻȻ֮䣬ƤһЦ
ס֣ȥȫַ̬֣ջعңûҵ
ֱľһֱۣͻȻ
һͻʱ˴㵲ѡ
š뿪һȥ
վڳǽϣԶԶ̳Ц
ǿһλѣ
˵仰һתܿųǽĽݣ뿪˳ǽ֮ɫ㵣׵׷ʲô
ǲգ۾΢УƬ֮֮ɫ΢ͻȻ֮ʲô
ԭ
֮ɫ΢ѿڶŹ̳ͻȻһ֧ս죬͸һĨǡ
˼⡢ԺӧڳţҪ
Ԫ
ǣү

սգһ̳ӳǳмٶȥ
Ԫ˶ǸϳľǵӸǧ֮һ
ʵǿھҸ֣ҼΪҳϡ
ԭЧңΪֺ壬ͬʱ֮ĹϵԵҺ޴ս԰͸壬ΪĽ̡
忴ǵģֻǵ书ǵĵԣԼٳӦ䣬о֮սҵǻعʱ򣬵ʱ˹ԷһҪбɲǳնҵĳΡ
ǰоΣգһ֧Сӣֻ˹ﻹûл۳Σɶеʱ飬档
ʮ˵Ķ飬²ɵֱӴɢ߰˰˵˹ص߽ǵĹơ


724 ľ棨
ҵ׿˵ǴΪ͡
忼һҲǲθ֮ǽ裬䡢ͽǴĿǰΪֹ˵Σմ൱ĳɫ
¡¡
ս¡¡̳ԽԽ֮ǵ˶ܸо΢΢еĹѶ˳ǽڡԭæĽҲͣ
֮ǸͻȻһƬѻȸֻʣ±Ǽٽӽս
һɲǽޱȡ
ʮ˫ĿȫŵĿǹ̳еһĬѹֵĺӰֻϣɫȻҲĬĬĵȴš
ˣ
˽սŻ̳һֻ˶ս죬һɶڵ׵սϣһֻΧĽɫӥĿӥצ繳ҪսƱڶһ
ִ򣬻ǵһμս졣
۲ֻսʱ򣬹̳УҲһ佡˶ߴӰսͬħһ㣬ս³˳
һɲǣ˿Ũ룬ڣĿͭ壬ι˼䣬â䣬η
˳ڵʱһɳˮѹҲ֮ѹ֮ǣ֮󣬰־ᶨսĳԪڣȫͷȻûһ˸ҿ
壡
Ҳ˵ͷ˲䣬һ·𵶽˻ĥŽ͸ҰԵ˲Ϣ˶һɸ߸ϣѹȵζ
͸ŵʱЦ
ˣ
гĸ֣ǰ˿ӵӭȥƣ˵˶أ絶˻ģҲֻôһˣ󶼻족
ǰ಻ס
Цȴû˿¶
˾֮еһһ졣ǺȻ֮һϦ֮εض𣬴ﵽʮ׵ĸ߶ȣҺڲѸӵʱ򣬷췢ԼʧˣҲסˡ
սգ쳹ķ
˽ŵĿУǰһ̳ͷ֮ľԽԽԶλµĴ󶼻ҲŻ˽ŲĹ̳ҲƽϢ¶һбɭϣڼԾþսɱľʿ
ҵ£Щڼʿһ£룬һ˰㡣нĹУҲû˿Ĳ
۹⣬Ҳʲôë
ɽ𣡷ʱذʵһף
а
Ǻͷ컥϶Ҳòϣλ۹Ĵ󽫾ȷʵҲ֮⣬ҰĲʱֵܶ˹ظԭͻɳ޿ɺͳͻּзشҽ֮⣬챾ʵӹɡ
ƾǰЩɽҲȷʵչ¶ԼΪ۹󽫵Ĳ
ϧ̫ǿȨ̫أ
ʯ䣬һͷӹԺָܿ
ȷʵǿĳЩΪĴ󽫶ˣǿϧ˽̫ء
ԼǺˣԾӪ֮дκˡеҪλãȫǺˣ˲ûвܣڱѹƵ״̬
ңԳɺС͢ļ
ҪȻڶʹ¼ԼһۣҲ˱ŭˡ
࣬ȡ㣬ô꣬Ĵô꣬Ҳûиı
ֻܲϵıȴ˹غͻ
Ϊ˸ı伴ǳ˹֮սΪԴΪ˸ı۹嶼취ѷ쳷ߵط
ֻҪڣԼ;ʩչֽţһǱҪıġ
¡¡ͣЪ˫ľҲԽԽҲԽԽڣͷһһϣ಻˾ɵľ룬Ҳ˼㡣
ĿͶ˭Ҳû˵
󵨣ǰ񣡡
ͻȻбɲһȴһĸ٣ȫװִϲһɫӣһֱָָ壬ɫ
Ҫ
ʧЦĿֻǶǰķ졣ǰ˫Ĺٽײһְٰ컹Ŀװѹġ
һʱһʱڣλеĴ󶼻شһԾŶĴ󽫾Ҳ˿޾塣
οϾġԪ˧
Ǵǳ͢·Ż׷ġĴƹλȶ˵ͣңʥԴ֣ǡʥʱ£úү񣿣
Ȼһȳò˵Ԫǰָĸ⡣Ȼֵסϵ۹󽫼ѹĿ⣬ǽԸߵĸ٣ǾԲѷġ
ϲҲ΢΢ͷ
ԪķӦȷʵܿ죬ֳϣǳȷʵԼǿöࡣҲ忴ǵĵط
ˣˡ֪˼٣ʧԶӭʧˡ֪˴ݹ٣кιɣ
ϣҾҾ֣ͻȻڵ
һʱ˵ע˹
Ǹĵģ˫һ˵Ԫ춼ս͡˶֪ǾǰĶˡ
˵ĶԻ³ÿһ֣ܹܿϵ֮ǣԼδʱû˸Ҳ졣
û˵һ˫ӥ˫ĿޱȣתţӥԼ´塣
ڽڶʹ¼У˫С컹Եһ飬Ҫʥն塣ʵУȴǷһμʶס
ܶ׼ҵҲòϣСӺԼеȫһ
ᣡ
ʵ̫ˣŲʮ꣡
ͣˣҲ򣬶ȴѾ˴Ӵ֣پ¡
ƾԺգƾǸǰࡱҲáƫƫ֮ǰӻ˻ء޺Ͷθȫ֡
쵽ڻڻɣ浹мʵ
˹غگŲҰܵģһʧ˼ʮıʧԶԶƣҲǲʵ
ʮͣȴͣڷ֪УǾԲܵġ̥￪ʼϰҲܡ
ɲֻǿеģҪս򰾣ʵսӵеġĴĪǡ
Ȼ÷͸׼ģֻˡ
һսսɱ¾Ķֲ֪ΪԭӵкŨҵɷߵױܶʱҲ׿ӲҶ۾
һ飺
һպ׷˼ʮ꣬ûץʱײĳݣֻǱһۣŵεѣСʧж
Ƿϵɷ
˹׺ڽʱ򣬱ս顣


725 ľ棨
ϵɷжôŨҾͿ֪սͨɱ̤׹ͳϢһֵܹסˡ
岻ʮ꣬ȻҺӣһû˿η塣ǰû
·Σⶼһʮеġ
Ӳպسĸ֮
кһɱĴ㡣ıַǵûκεİ֮ģɱԽҡ
Խ㣬ԽеļɵԽʢԽҪ
Ųʮ꣬ѾôĲһ۾üʮϰڸ뼫ȵıɳЩ˽Ƿǵñż깣Ӵ˳ĸ߲㣿
Сӣһ仰𣬸նۣ
ͻȻڵ
ķâ̫ʢˣ
ˣ
һ䣬ΧնȻһ䣬֮ǰȣ˰ٱֹ֮ǵĳǽϣʮ򹤽仰Ƿ׷ױɫ
̫ˣҪѹ壡
߸ߵĳǽϣ˼һߵȻո˵һ䣬ͱһֻ˳סֱۡ
˼⣬Ҫ˵ˣ
һԱߴ˼ŤͷֻԺӧĿ⿴ǰɫǰδеء
˼һɻ󣬵ܿоʲôɫҲ촽סһ仰˵
֮Ǹţͷ˵˶Ҵ˵ǲˡ
һǴ·һǴȨ̩ɽĵ۹󽫡
˵ĵλڳη
֪⻰ʲô˼
۾΢գɫࡣȻڣͱˣҲ̫ˡ
Ǹˣڶʹ¼òΪô˰ɣ㣬ͻ˳ˣ֮ǣ
Ŀɫɡ
жôķâ¶ҲھʦжôܵӭǰԶֻǸëͷСӡ
ʮǧ͸ˡ
ԷѹûҲûдҪ
ܣ
δ䣬ͱһϣҪնһɲǼ䣬Χն˴ЩʿоͷƤ飬ĽϢ
˭Ҳû뵽λ۹ĴŸոռ棬Ѿšּһŭκ˵ɫġ
ˣ֪Լ˵ʲôҵأԼϽǳأòʾˣòŴ˹ʰɣ

ڶʹ¼йڣ˽ǣϵԲĵ޽ֻû뵽һô磬ôҡ
Сӣ̫ſ񣡡
ɳէ𣬷һͻȻǰͬһʱ䣬һɰϰԷһɲǵķ죬ͻȻɽͰ׳ҲϵİԲʮڣģ
ǿѹֱϢ
ϣ
ս˻ڷ۹󽫼ѹǰңԪ˵֧Ųסµս˻ţϵȥ
ˣ
˴ʧɫ
սǾþѵԵɽѪҲȴǷϵѹɷ̫ŨˣȻսܲˡ
ϣ
һ࣬Ҳս˻Ͼľ񣬸ʱܾãǰȥ
Ķʱֻʣͷλ˧
·ʤſϢ۹󽫼ϢѹѰսͽʿԳܡʾ˵Ĳˡ
ȻѾﵽ˻侳ǺͷִȻǲ಻С˵ľһ缴֪
쵰
ȭͷ죬Ĵ᲻֪Ǹ±Ԫ˧жûá
һʱһʱֵ۹ĴȣĿǰȻвСĲࡣ
ˣȴûлţʳжָͻȻ̽սŨܵëУһصѨһԭ˻ż䲻սһͻȻ֮һ
һĻ˵Ľʿ춼һ㵣ȫûϵһĻı仯
ǷҲ֪ȻʵԺ֪İսķ֪ж١
һ˯ѨֻҪʩʵͿս
ֻһ򵥵ķ
СӣֶΣ
ŭЦԽеɱľԽ
㸸ֶǰôٸһλᣬʮʱ䣬ԺúÿʱǳػڣͱҲסɲľʦ
һ䣬ͻȻͷתߡ

ֻһ֣ͣԶ۳Ҷȥһľ̳ͬʱһ㣬˾ηĿѸ뿪
쵰
ڷ뿪󲻾úһս˼һѩףԺӧһǰһ󼲳۹
ķأʥʹ͸ģƾʲôô
˼ͨ졣
ȷʵ̫ˣξǳġȷʵĵ̣ǿºѶù
ԺӧڵȰ˼ȻҪ侲ö࣬ҲҪǵĶ࣬üͬҲ¶ǡ
Ͼǵ۹Ĵ󶼻ڵ۹ļλ֮һʵλЩԱġ
Զ뾩ʦҵӰ콵˼㡣Ƿ죬ʵȨ´粽С
ң
˼ŭһߵ
󶼻ѵͿ޷ҾͲţĸ͢ôʷһһĭҾĸҸʲôʥĵ𣿡
ȷʵǱ˵ˡ
ͻȻһУ˼üһҪŭĿȴһϤӡ
壿
˼Ŀ塣
Ҫ֣ովѾˡһ棬ҲһвΪ۹Ĵ󽫣ȷʵֶ̫οʹˡ֮ǵĴвĵλоˡ

ѵô𣿡
˼ߵ
Ĭû˵һлû׼ȷʵǺͷ췭ʱ
үҪҪϱ͢һ㣿
һС
תͷȴǳԪͬЩŭɫ
ûõģûƾʵݣƾǵһ֮ʣ͢ǲܲɵġҷǿͷϵвûʲôʵϵ飬ƾʷҲѵʲô
ҲǵһνӴЩˣĴبһֱڶʶڳ͢ϵԣ֪ƾΪǺѸġ
Ͼ۹Ĵ󽫾


726 ԭϵв
ùȥɡҵأܷʲôֻҪҵطΧ֮ڣûκεİ취Ϊҵĵ̣
һ仰˵նơ
Ϊʥʵʹ͵ķأӵжƬصȫϽȨ䣬ҹ壬ҲһҪܵĽƣ
Ȩ
üӿٶˣΣ÷ˡ
忴ŷ뿪ķа
ηĳ֣Խļᶨû󶼻λáĻԺ󻹲֪ҪǷǡ
һӣܿ뿪ˣ֮ǵĽָֻһĺ쳹ء

ˣҪʮǻ쵰ٶҲʵ̫ˣʮʱǳضҪˣǸʱ̫ˡСҲ̫ˣҵƺ͵λȻ˶
巵سǳصʱһˣһĸ̲ס

һҲŸ͵һķ߷ߣ
һδɵСӶѣֻһСȻ͸ҺͶô˵Ҫ֪˵սΪºպսʱСӿ»ҵҲ̫ˡ
һһֱͣѷɫ˵ѿޱȡ
ȻκͷԤϵĲһ̬ȱĻҪǿӲܶࡣ
ˣ
һڣһ
ѵΪһʮô𣿼ȻôʶȤҲ͹ֲˣǣһжź𣿡
شˣźˣ͵ȴ
ԱߣһҺڼ׵˽ͷڵ̬ޱȡ
ǾͿʼɣ
ҧҧӹһĨ⡣
¡¡ҲʱͻȻһ춯صĺĸ֮ǴȻһƬš
ɫǱѿޱȡ
ߣ
һ£ߵ񣬺ܿʧԶ

ָֻƽƽı£һķ籩š
ĵطһƬԭεضԨ١ȻһƬտһƬ֮أǶںܶ˵ֻԶԶ
˹˵ء
ԭϡĿʹ¼󲿷־ηԵͻˣûҪȥռƬԭ
˹˳˵ǵ֮ء
£ľïʢԭҲһƬٵľ
¡¡
֪˶ãͻȻ΢΢ʼʱ΢磬ȴԽԽңԭеҰҲҡҷڶ
һǿҵӸԭϴҲʱԶͻȻһƬ̳̳УХ
ֻһգۼ䣬ǧ˹ơˮһϯһһޱȡ
˹ظԭһƬƽ̹Բϲ˹˵񱼣ϲɡ
ϣ
˹Хݺ۳ҵʱͻȻһĳХأȻѹ˳ǧս˻
ԭıŵȺСࡣ
¡¡ֻգ֮䣬ֻһƥԣѩף㣬һȣӹ̳г˳ȥ
ϣһصĺӣ߳ߣ룬˫Ŀι˼䣬â䣬һ㣬һ˵ĸо
ϣֻһգۼ䣬ƥƤëѩԾɼڸԭıԵͣ
󣬳ǧ˹Ҳ֮Żٶȣһƥƥսϵʿ¶ѱ͹̬
˹ص󲿷ͨࡢںڣɫͨѩף㶼͸ʯɫĴѩɽԣԵֻһ˲
ԭ֮ӥç֧
¤ͱսŸոսã˭Ҳûϵλ˹ص۹Ĵ󽫣Ȼĵĵ
һɽ
ç֧սӸ£ͻȻ˵ĿоڸƵ˹ظԭ£ɽççܿңԶͻʴԭ
£ܱ˹ظԭֵݺµšأ
ç֧Ҳᱻ⽭ɽΪʲôһֻɱ¾Ȥأ
ͻȻһһ󻺻һģâ¶絶Ӱڶç֧
ͬ丫һ㣬һַ¶ǳĸоç֧ز¶ĸо˵ϢҪöˡ
£ͬһƥͨף˪ѩԣֻǺͶç֧µսͬƥսǳɫͬѪһ㡣
ÿһƥսˣоһĲʡ
ʵϣϵݡͬͬϣɱŨƥ˹رڣܺͶç֧ߵôɱôأȴöç֧ģҲֻһλâܡ
˹ؾڣܳƵϴ󽫼ָâܡȻǴ󽫣ȴ˹ص۹ʹڹϵδġ׼
ʵȻȲ϶ç֧Ҳ̫Զ
˹رңҡ͡ҡǼϣǿ˹ԴԶٹ̵ļ塣
âܡ˹ָǡӢ顱Ӣ顱ۡ˼
ֳܻƺţâܡʵ֪ܹͬԴѩɽġѪԡôѩɽϿɣ֤ʵ
˹أִܳѩɽѪԡģʹһĴڣɱ¾
ѩɽġѪԡֻЩɱԼأɱ¾Ĵڡ
âܺ켣Ͷâ֧ЩͬͳľϵĲɱâܸóɱ
˹ܱСڶ࣬Сɡʯ»ޣڶ෬֪СڴâܵС
򣬴âܻһ֣֮񡱡
ɱ¾ȥ͵۹ȡɽǼɱ¾ֿԵýɽֶֺΪأ
â֧ͷҲص
ɼʹӼˣç֧ʹâҲ൱Ϥһȴǵһγ֡
ΪһΣвòֵɡ
Ϣɿ𣿡
âܲͶç֧һŸԭµĸڡɽͣԶããĲԭ۾΢΢ţŷ˵ĺâͺһֻӥʱ׼
Уûжֻ֣
ϼ޻ü˰´ʳһֻӡһܣӪˮйͨͻȻɶô࣬Ŀɿ𣿡
ûһ۹֮쵱Ȼô򵥡һӦòм١ڶʹ¼նǸСӣֵ÷з½֪Сͦ˽ǣһֱ˷Ƥ£һֳƣ㹵ԸҪܵ²ǹˡ
ç֧һֻ촽Ũ΢̵İ룬΢۾һ΢Ц


727 ΣǱ
ǳϷ˹ȻУȴһֱڹעš֥ⳣ塢죬һ¤ĸ溲Ŵ˹ؽĳһλα߽ϣפƵĵ۹󽫡
£˹ûȫ׼ûд㹻ĴͲ
ǵǸ׼δġƵڰ˽֮˹طͻȻ֮˻ᡣΪʵϣç֧ʹâŵնζġ
ն˾Ƿ죡
ߣǴȻܲϲãǸ쵰ĻҲⱻһŲʹҲһ
âܵ
һɲǣնʱĬ࣬ç֧˫գһﲻ
˹ص۹塱֣֮սѾΪĳֽɡλ˹ظԭɢߣڶûн
˹ذϵʮҲһۻΪɻңĴϵֱӱʮ˹ʬɾǸ˵
ϵ⣬¼汸һ𾴵ĴҲΪһۣؽ˴Ρ
˹صʷϣƵûһ˹ص۹˺ǾЩҲһڲԭɢߡ
Կе˹ؽ죬жôʹޡ
һ˵˽ǣ˹ظԭıԵҲ·̣˹֪ǷɢϢҲȻԸϹ
о仰ӱʮ겻˹˵ȲôáһڧǧѷĻᡣ溲ʱ֪ˣⲨᣬ׵ĸɵǸӡвͱɱҡǸҵɳ֮ڱȻΪ˹صĸ֮ҲĶһ۹󽫡ǶԲ뿪Ӳ֮ΪģϾ£
ç֧ɫޱȡ
ç֧ܹ֮ôĸϵһȻҪ壬ΪϵսĶʮսʿһ棬ҲΪоĲ
ҵǸӣʹĳģԤϵıڶ֮Ͻʨӳǡ˹ûţһ֮ǽˣΪ˾ӪԼķء
׼ɣⲨᣬ׵ĸɵΪǸڷϺ껹ǲòһᶢġ
ç֧˵źܿͷʱķȥ
ǺǺǡ
âڸԭıԵӸ£פԶŵƽߴŨ̹ĵطĪЦܿҲŲתͷԶȥ
һǰһѸٵʧԶ

壬׼ô죿ʮʱܿ͵ˣ׼𣿻߳׵ĺĴ󶼻
ߴĸǽϣ˼ü塣Դӷ뿪֮󣬰˼һֱ硣
ȻԷΪǳķŭӵĲܣΪĵ۹󽫣죬Ļκ˶޷Сġ
÷Ѿ׵˺ˡ
屳֣
˼磬⼸ûһ·ϣ
Ǿ˳˵ģҲܷŹҡνʮֻǸ滰ѣҲԲʮ졣
㻹ô򶨣
˼һȻĿƳһƵӣʱһ
ǺǣĴ󶼻ҲֻܹܲҵءȻҲżô֪ʲôû
ͷŰ˼Щܻӣ¶һ˿΢ЦͰ˼һʱˣʱܻӣоɰġ
˼һһʾͻȻ֮һƥ̳Ӹ֮ǵı漲۶ԶԶؾһ󺰣

ţϵʿأܿ˳ǽ˫ֱȭϥǰ
үķԸѾ̽ϣر
ô
屳˫ֵ
غүѾ̽һ糣˲ûκε춯
ʿڵϵ
˹֮ı߽أ
ٴʵ
غүֵȥˣ￴һ糣
ʿֹĿߵİ˼⡣
ûйϵֱ˵Լˡ

йأ漰µ鱨׸߾ˡ˼һȹԲǾеˣʿй˼ɡ
ǣү֮ϸ̽һ˹ظԭĵطһ糣ߵķϡ˺ܶ࣬ʿҲܼ
ʿͷڵϵ
߷ⲻǸ֮ǵλ𣿷Ҫˮ赶ɱ˰
̧ͷ
һ˵ǰʿԵİ˼ⶼǻرǺߣһֱߣȻ嵽ʲôʱְŵģڶ֪
壬˼Ҫ˹Ը㣿
˼ѿڵ
˵ⷬʱ򣬰˼˶ֽŲһĻš
ôƵ󶼻Ϊ˶Ըһ壬Ȼ˹ңֱͶѹȥȻһȻ󲨣Ұ
ҪֻôȻǿ׳ڶ࣬ЩǴƵľӡľԸңԾĹ̫ˣұҲĲھг꣬˼ܣǾġ˹ڣ赶ɱˣΨһİ취
嵭Ŀⶴ
Ȼڣ֪Զõĵʵ൱ޡ
°ɣ
ܿŤͷ
ǣү
ʿһԾӳǳϻ£ܿȦĳǽ뿪
Ԫӥɵ˵𣿡
ͻȻڵ
غүʱǰѾˣڵȴүټͷԸ
һ
˵ͷܿ뿪˳ǽ
ڸ֮ڣһܶոսõ¥ӥɹǸӡһʮ꣬òͨͨƤϣȺһ۾ܱĴڡ
ļϣͣһֻ峤һҵӥɫ๣צ繳峤ˣӥǱȽСġֻӥҲεЩǣӡ
μү
壬ܿڵϣ鹧
ӥĵӣ
΢΢üͷ
ӥٲ֣˽ǣӥȸڶ࣬ر𽻴һӥɸ˹ӥҲܿӦ˵һλӡֻҲû뵽ӥɹĵӾȻһʮ꣬ϵֻӥòʵںȤ
ӥദôãִӥӦûڷԼȻʲô͡
ǣүСʦھʦĹ¶֮һֱʦĸۡѧϰӥȸϵʱʦûȥԺүûмҡˣﻹʦһţүĿүž֪ˡ
ӻгһţ˫ַϣ


728 Ϯ
ӹż㣬ŽɣȻ
ʼʱ廹˫ü壬ǽüëչеĹâԽԽ󣬷ż㣬ǰ꣬Ŀùޱȡ
ӥϸĽĵӣҶλòĵӼƳ磬ΪܳнԼ²˰塣
ӥرᵽӥ˺ͨĽȻͬرЩռϢ鱨ˣԽͨԽãԽעԽá
ⷽ棬ӥȫҪ
ʦ˵ϵֻӥͨӥȻͬ½зֳƷ֣רɱӥܸʾһ𣿡

ʵЩ棬ӥǰӥȸǴӥﹺģȻӥԼİ취ǽкΪܳӥ
һβͬӥʼԼУԡĳЩƷ֣ͨԼֳķʽ
ǰδйġ
ǣү
ӦһӵվŤͷżϵӥһĨ˵Ĺâһɲǵһѳʳâ¶˹Ŀ嶼΢΢ݡ
Сɳ
ӥӥͻȻһХɲǼ䣬ԭĿǣήҵӥëһĿͻȻޱȣ˵ζ
ôӥȸӥ߾ĺ࣬ͻ˵ӥûһӥȸô˵Ŀ⣬ֱȵҪ
ণ
һХգӥëһأ¡ǽƳһ󶴣һӲĽ˿ľǧ֣֧飬¶צۣÿһ磬ץһ
ণһХӥһڷɻصʱһӲǽڣļϡһգƤӥָֻԭĿǣήҵӡ
һоͺʲôûзһֻصľмǽϵһƶԼצۼ¼ŸոշһС

һĿһƬѩһףӥΪʲôɸԼһĵӺӥȸˡ
ȥɣҪʱ˹ر߾жǵͼ⣬иİŶѾдˡ
˵ţһ׼õĵͼͬһһ˹ȥ
ǣү
Ӧһͷ˫ֽӹܿȥ

ʱ仺ȥҹ
ХããҰݣӸƵ˹ظԭ߿աҹɫǹ˯ߣʱ
գͻȻ֮䣬زҹһܼͻȻԶʼʱ΢ţǺ¡¡һ㡣
Űǹ⣬ԿڰǧƵһ糱ˮϯЩȫؼףִһĬ߳ħһ㣬ѹֵϢ
ˣ
ͻȻһȴǰˣһƥԽѩ֫ͬѪһ㣬ϵ˹佫һֱۣɢһɽʹ󺣰ϢԲʮڣնŤ
Ŀ⿴ǰɫޱȣ
ǰǴƵĵؽˣѾߣжʱˡ𣿡
ǣ
紵ݶӦǣһ˰㣬ƺޱȡ
סˣɱ壬ݻٸ֮ǣϾ˹ѩܵʱ򣡡
Ϊ׵˹佫ͻȻγ䵶Хһ¡¡һȣȴӸԭԾ¡
ϣ
ǧƵ˹ҵĳ˻һ̳ͬĺ㣬ҹ£Ÿ֮ǵķ򼲳۶ȥǹƴݿ࣬ҡ

֮ǣܣǧ¯ճһƬ硣¯УǧĹڳǽææµµһƬȻľ
ѾΪæֵĵط
Сĵ
ڰˣھСע⽫ģ룬Ҫ©
ÿ׼֭

Ĺͷڳǽ߶һһֲĺͳǽģĵڵĸ֮ٴæµ
ڶСӡСӣȥ鿴һ£ķֶӵ˳ȥѲΪʲôڶû
еĹææµµʱ򣬸֮Ѳ߶ͬûš
Դӷʾ֮ڵĸ֮ϱȰ컹Ҫ䱸ɭϣǳΧľ䷶ΧҲƽֹ
ڳǳΧʮڣֻҪκ˿֮Ƕǰõ棬׼
ˣķֶХ죬ʵǿһġ
ǳ⣬ҫ¯УһѲߵӳڵǾ֮սľսḻޱȣӦ´ࡣ
ȻӳĻû˵꣬ҹͻȻһĲҽУ
СģϮ
һʯ׹䣬˲ڸ֮Ǹɲ䣬֮ǵĳǽϣԭææµµƵĹͻȻͣһ׷׽ŵ˲ҽзĵطһƬš
֮Ǹһֱƽ£ǰûз˲ǣʲôҲʲôҲ֪ˣóһ˱ʱܷĲҽС
Сģ
׼
ȷӦǳԪ˺еѲ߶ԱϦദ˲ͷֱǵķֶӶӳХ
ХʵԲ˭Ҳ֪Сӵ׷ʲôһǿԿ϶ģǾܵϮ
¡¡ųԪ˷֮ǵһ׷糱ˮ۹ֻǶ̶ʱڣгһĶУɱɭɭɭϡ
ϵսµЩʵͨԱġ
ˣ
ڳԪи֮ǻʱ򣬳еĹҲоֽŵգһɫ԰ףҴҵǳȥ
ʲôˣ
ǽϣ׹һ˼ԺӧԾ˳ͷͬʱХһͦӰҲԱߡ
ү
ˣΧ˷׷׵ͷ
Х
ԶɫأüͷĽġǺģÿһǵοܱ֮ÿһӵвķ
ǵģүչХȥѲߡ䣬һֱûл̴˺մ׼ȥ鿴һ£ͷ顣
ԱߣһͷĻͷ
û˵üͷȴĸˡԶһƬƽ˸ոյҽУʲôҲ
һɲǣȴһַǳĸо
ХǸԼμӹ֮սģľḻʵˮƽӹɣʵǺ󣬵ʲôСһ˲ȫûһûӻ
ǣվڳǽϣȻҹһĶ
ֻֽͣҪô֮ǵ˶ˣҪôĶֱеĸǿ
֮һƬž˶Ųҽķ
ˣ
ʱĹȥ֪˶ãͻȻһܼУЩȴֽȻͬҪСϺܶࡣ
һɲǣնȻ࣬Сˡ
ণ
˽ŵģĬĬȴʱͻȻһ̶ļХУϸȴǳļ˶ûġ
ɫһ±ޱȣ·뵽ʲôִټ䣬ֺ˼ס
쿴
ǽϣ֪˭ָԶͻȻŵĽе


729 ۱
һ仰˵ע⣬ǹ⣬˷ԶʲôˣֽˡģһģӰУڷֱһӰ
Ϯ
׼ս

ǽ£ʮĵطԪվڶǰͫһȻԥİγϵ彣
ϣ
ͬһʱ䣬ɰǧʿԼͬİγϵĵûĿںţҲûдĵĳ棬ֻǹ˸󺮹⡣
Ѫڵ֧ӣнֹʹָƬ½֮һ
ɱ
Զ֧ҹɫɱľӣڲΣǧƵľԽĳУȻγ䵶һ춯ص˻һɲն·˺ˡ
¡¡غǧƵսȻ٣һɽͰϢɽ㣬Ÿ֮ǳ
ҲһɲǣһȼյĻ¯ĹâͻȻЩսϣһɫӡǡ
һӵģɫڽ̷ġ
ЩϵİɫģȻɫ䣺
Ԫ쳷
һٵĴͬըһԪҲ͵Ťͷһ㵡Ѿ˽׼˭Ҳû뵽Ȼʱ´ﳷ˵

ҧɫĿȴûµĳԪĶԶ㲻ϳɱ
۱
һͷӹԺһƬһɲǣϳЩɫڽ̷ĵ塣
£ֻһֻŻ໭İɫڽ̷ġ
˹صİ۱
£˹ϵһʵϣҪȲĶࡣе֮УȴԴʳ˵Ϊ
˹صİ۱Ψһһ֧ԺʹʳһľᲢ۵
Ĵʳľװ˴ëϷƥȸֽ˹ܴƣºպս֮ͦ򣬺ɨҡ
ߵ˹ص۹Ҳ˳ƳΪǹĿ꣡
ľͦ˹ظԭϣ˹ص۹ʧأķ߼ȫ䴩ֱ˹صİ۱
һۣһʮװȸֽԺɨʮġľֻǧ˵˹ذ۱۱ǿĵֵӲĵס
۱Ȼ˲أӽȫûľҲ˽ӽǧǰδеش
ľŶܵشʳ۹Ҳ˲ò˶˹ظԭ졣
۱ʵ֪
ѵЩȻѵأҾ֮սĲսʵˮƽԶԶϲ۷Ĵʳľţ˵ЩԺʹʳľԵ˹ء۱ˡ
˹صİ۱ÿһ侳Ϊƽʱ˹صûش飬ٳڵطٲһս
ôҲûϵ֧˹£Ϊǿİ۱Ȼڡ֮ǡ⡣

֮⣬ԪҧҧȻвʣڻ´˳˵¡¡һ춯صľ죬Ŵ򿪣еĲ糱ˮȫС
ߣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һȹףԶδ䣬ݣҹͻȻһ̶Х˵ʱ٣ʱ죬˻ûзӦһѾӼңԶĵط˲ϢѾգһųŴһĺ󲱾ȥ
׼ޱȣ
⴦طûпױģлϱɡ
Сģ
Ԫͫһɫ䡣Էĳǳ֮죬֮ǰûκεף٣ûκεķ֡ﬣһγԪҲ룬͵նȥ
䣬նм⣬͵Ľ֧˳ȥͬһʱ䣬һӴӼϴ·ԼնеĲʲô֧һƬʵĵһ㡣
꣬дһ죬Ԫֱһ£һ
һɲǣԪɫ䡣
㣬ϳţ
Ԫ
¡¡֮ǵĳÿһģѵصʿءųԪһ߶࣬нصĸ֮ǵĳѸٵĹϡ
ڳŹϵͬʱݶУһХԺ֮׷ڳصĳϣصĳŵ
Ȼ֧ײţȴ㣬˶һɲǣɫޱȡ
壬Щʲôˣ
һڶߴȻǵһ˼ⶼо˲ԡ
ͨʿûôǿ󣬶ҶԷĽ컹еս㣡Щ˾бʵԶ
Ժӧ
еս㲿λǶģԳǧʱ춯ؼ侪ˡֻһֱ˸֮Ǹǲġ
Ҫһ㣬ֻһֽͣ
ԷбƲλȫúĲˣڲϣܵ˻壬ԲŻû
һɲǣԺӧڣ˶ĿͶ塣
ĹأϮԪǾԻ˳ǳصĻ͸ĸּᣬг档
սûпʼǰǳˡȻǲʲô
ЩԺٸ˵߲ƣΪֻܸǡεĶ֣еĻҪ
Զɫޱȡ
۱ʱ֪˻֪̫࣬࣬ڵʿȻǸʲô¡
˹Ϊ˶ԸҾȻ۱ˣ˹ظԭߵ飬ѾǽΪжݣע⵽ˡ
а
۱ػ˹ģûвԲ뿪ôԶĵطڸ֮¡ӶԷжУоһŨŨģζһ־ڱصãɱζ
ڤڤУһ֮ս·ѾԼΪ˹£˵жݡ
ָоɾ̫ã
Щͷ˷Ժлιֻһɲǣͻָ侲
ȥ׼ս
ͻȻһֱۣյ
ձýޱȣеĹͷ˳ǽڣҳǽϣһҴĸ֣׷׼˳⡣
գ
ԽԽܼҲԽԽÿһ¶̤˵ĿϣҲ֮ԽԽš
֮ڣš
ˣ
ԽԽˣ

¡һ죬ǳ棬һȼյ¯ͺһͷȻ޻УȻţ߸ߵײɳȥ
ĻգЩǵĹâֻӰӰ´£ͬеĶħ㣬Х
ɱ
ֻһɲǼ䣬ЩڰеѾ浽˸֮Χǵ׺ޱȣÿһͬް㣬ɢһɹɱŰϢ
֨һҵǽͷЩҴĸųһţ׷׽й󣬼ͷ׼˳˹صİ۱
һ£
ֱۣеĹʱȻֹ
ڻǳֵʱ˵
ɫޱȣ֧˹Լеİ۱һģһôͨĹ˵ô


730 ǣ
˹صʹõĶǷǳصģİף۱İļ̡أֹˣеİ۱жļġ
Ҳǵܹʹʳ۹ľɱԭ
ݣݣݣ
ǽϣѡ˿ƣǣǽ˹ذ۱ȴѡ˽Ȼ෴Ĳԡһ̶Хǧļ糱ˮһ㣬Х˳ͷˡ
һɲǣն·˺ˡ
Щ֧ϳĳպۣ˼ⶼ΢΢ɫ
Сģ
עܣ

һ߿˻ӳͷеҸ֣ͬ˼⣬Ժӧڶѡ˶ܡ
Щ֧̺ǳǿ󣬾ǶûбȻİտԵֵ
ʱ˿̣Ψһվڳͷܣ¶ڼеģֻˡɫƽû˿ı仯
䣡
԰ټƵļ֧ӸȫȻЩ뻹ɣͱڿУһ
ˣ۾գһ£ڰһĺɲǼ䣬˷飬еĳһε¡һײɷ飬׷׹ڵϡ
һǣ۱˻ࡣͷϣҴĸ֣ͬͷĻĿ⣬ǳޱȡ
пȻ壬һo㣬ģΪеĹǡ
׼
ǽ

һǽϺܿһ¶ºġббĸְ塣Щְһ˱
Ҳʱ򣬳ǽ⣬۱ĵڶѾҹɫУֻʮ˹صİ۱һġɫĶսĸٳһ㣬Ÿ֮Ǹߴĳųȥ
Сģǹ׶
һ̼Ĵӳǽ
һɲ˿ɫĶ˼ޱȣȻһɳġ׶
ǹ׶ı棬෱ɫơɫĻƣֻҪǾе˶İ飬Ƶķġ
ַĵĶĹߺĸţᱻ䴩
䣡
ϸ룬һ춯صľ˵Ķһɲǣ֮Ƕ˲ͺһǻһ
һδһ߼ڳ𣬵ڶԴѩɽɫ׶籼׳
䣬ŵڶɽѰ˵Ķ
ү
һӶߴ壬ɫ԰ޱȡŶԷֹʽ֮ǵĳſ¼ֲ˶á
ȻʼʱͳԪһǳеľɻ󲻽⣬ʱ򣬾ٳٶҲоˣһĵ˲ͬκϵﶼͬ
Ϊûκһ֧սʱ򣬻Ĺ׶
һĵˣеĻҪ׼ķǳ֡
ùܡõʲôܴ򿪸֮ǵĳš
ƽƽ߲ͣȴһĵ
۱Ұս޵Уٽƾµ赲סǹسǳأǾһˡ
֪ڵʲôǲܷġ
֮ǵĳŸͨĸӺ۱ʹõĹ׶̵ķٶ࣬ٴҲܳĳš
Ǿܷģɿ廹ڳôķĺͼ̷ġ
˹زּܶˮƽĶֻǳԴѩɽˡ
Ժд˷˹ضԼԶԶԼԤϣʲôעܳɹ
֮ԼѪԼ룬Ϊ㣬Ѿ˳׼˹պյİ۱Ҳܹǳء
ȥǣ׼ˣ

ǣү
һٺܿӦȥ
֮⣬۱ĹԶûн䣬ɫĹ׶һһǣ͵ײڸߴĳϡ
ڴͬʱֻһ󶣶Ľ죬߸ߵĳǽ£һֻֻצӹס˳ǽıԵ
ϣ
˻У԰ټƵİ۱սԾץųǽϵצӹųͷȥ
˸ֹǣ
ɫ䣬ͻȻγϵĳһ赲ĸǽ˳Щצӹ첽˹ȥ
һ࣬ȫףҲų˳
Щˣÿһʵǿޱȣǽӹǽ򿪸֮ǵĳţôǳеʮ๤¶ǵ¡
֮ǽ˲أ
ϣһצӹϣЩצӹһΪʧȥЩצӹһ۱׷׹ȥ
Ȼû׹䵽ϣЩ۱һ˦һֻֻצӹס˳ͷЩ۱ųͷȥ

˹˵Ĺҵʱ忴һ飬Ѿ嵽ǽµ˹ذ۱ͻȻŤͷһµ֮
ˣʹ÷ˡ
š
֮ͷû˵ܿתͷ뿪˳ǽ
Ȼֻóǣ֮Ͼμӹ֮սǶھº֪ЩʵǿΪȴ˹׶צӹЩ˵Ĺߡ
ȻⲢʲôͨĶ֡
˭ȻǶ͹ｨǵԼ׼
ˣ
ڳɰǧ˹ذ۱嵽ǽ£һֻֻӹǽʱ˭Ҳûע⵽ʮҵĳǽͻȻ¶һ飬һĿ׶
׶Уһ⡣
䣬һɲǼ䣬ǧܼȣͻȻ˳ǽе˹ذ۱һͻ˳˹ذ۱һֲ
ļϣص׵ֵǳǽⲨֹ򣬶ôľûа취ܣۣһܼļ͸϶룬ͨλ˽ȥ
飡
ɲǼ䣬ʮ۱⧲׹ȥʬᵱҲ׹³ǽֹˣǽ˹ذ۱ҲڼַΧڣۣգۼ߰ʮ۱ɱ

Сļ꣡

һ˻ҹգһǿ꣬а۱û뵽ġġ䡱ǡôҷ֮ǰû˿ף˲˰۱һٶ
һ͸ߴʮս˵΢Ƕڽֻǧ˵İ۱˵һС
ܣ

۱׺ʱҲչ¶ţһ䣬Ȼûһ۱ˡĻ֮Щ۱ͻȻ̽վʱѾһصİ׶ơ
һһһ𣬾ϸ߿գգ֮ڸ֮ǵĳǽ£һƬ޴ġеļЩϣȫֵ
˿ϣ򿪳ţ¸֮ǣ
һָӹģİ۱ȵһ䣬צӹԽʮ׵ľ룬˦ϳͷ
ֹˣļУİ۱ͻȻԾڶƵڻ£ǽ¡


731 
䣡
Ƭ֮һУ˳ǽ˵ע⡣Ťͷʱֻ಻ԶһǽѵֽƬѿ
ǿѿԱߣϢرǿİ۱ǽǣѿڲϵ
ϵߣ
ǽϣԪͫһɫ䡣ĸ֮ǼޱȣҲǡǡˣһǿĽϵߣԭǿĸ֮ǶʱֽƬһ㡣
ˣ׼
ԪѸٵһ֣Ȼ䣬еļȫЩ̵İ׶赲ڼ껹ûбѾڿзֽ⡣
м֧Щϵ߳ųǽϵķ򣬷
ܶĹڽϵǰۿۡ
ү
ԪƤ̲סߵ塣Է׼еĻгֵö࣬ȥֻ³Ŷô򿪣ͻᱻЩ˹شһһĴ󶴡
ХĿ⿴Զȼյ¯һʲôûһ
үү
Ԫһ̲ס˼
ᣬ˶ٽϵ߶Ǵ򲻿ģ֮ǰܡ
ӶдɫƽĿȻǰ͸ղû˿ı仯
Ԫһ֪Ȼû˵սеı仯Ӳ˫ۡԪĻ˵Ǿ仰
ϵߵǿ֪ģԪΪʲôôİգЩͻƲ˳ǽ
ǣү
Ȼɻ󣬵Ԫ
һ࣬۹·֪Ԫɻ󣬵ȴûн֮͡ǻƽģ˵ķѵĽ޷ġ
κΪֻһĳǳأǾʹشˡЩײĸУ渽̫Ĵͷ󷨡󷨣з󷨡
ֻˣ廹渽ǧƵС󷨡
Ժŵ˵ЩȻƽҪֵǮ
ϵǿҪƻЩǽ˵ܣҪʱ䡢ʹۣҪ
˵ģƾԷ֮ǰܿڿǽѹͲġ
Ȼڿǵȴһ顪
Ծ㵽ʲô
Զ۾΢΢ţ
սģǡŹ׶ӹҲһǴСáԷȻб˳׼ս㣬ӦףַʽǹƲ˳ŵġ
ǣԷôĿĵʲô˵Է
ųʷΰġʥغʹպսҲһŪڹ֮䣬˵ˡ
ûκεĲܹ֪һʲôԾ
ﬣͻȻ֮䣬һĽУǽϣһ۱Խʮ׵ľ룬ż꣬ǽͷ¡һɫս⻷ǽ𵴡˸һըһͷĻʱҽţͬ߷ݰ˷ըɳȥ
۲ԭų˹ǿİ۱¶ǵǿΪЩ۱ÿһ϶ﵽ侳һصΪԴѩɽѵİ۱ȻʵսˮƽϣȲЩе侳죬ȴȫѹıֵľ龫ġ
ǳؽ裬Ҵ嶼˼еĶ֣Щǿİ۱ǰȴȫǶ֡
Ҫţ
֣һϣ
Уǵ̫ǿˣ


ĲҽУҴĸһӵϣЩĸߴϢǿ侳ǿߵİ۱ֻһգ۾ͷ׷ױɳȥ
ɱ
ɱ
һ͵͵˹صͺ쳹ͷЩ˹ػİ۱չԼѹԵһͬȺ㣬ͷϵĻȫɡ
ͷȻûһ֮УǽڣпһĻ˷׷ױɫ
Щʲôˣ
ֻһͨʿѣôôǿʵ

ÿ˶ˡʱ䣬ÿ˶ʶЩǳػѵغͳʵڼ̵ʱڼᡣ·ʱͦΣÿ˶ʮ㡣
ЩڳǳΪԼܰȫĹһĻҲľΪ־塣
ۿЩ˹ذ۱Ҫ³ͷ򿪳ţʱΨһܱ򶨵ģҲֻˡ
ˡ
վڳͷаɫƽأƺûʲôݣҲûʲôܳԤϡ
¡¡
˵ʱʱ죬һ죬УһӶʮҵĺڼսʿӳǽ´˹ǵĿϢǿޱȣͰ۱Ҳѷɫ
׼
ǰУһʮңģˣȫң͵سһѺ⳹ǵȸֳ󺰡һ̣ϣһѰȸֳȫʣĽȫбָգڰǹ£γһƬܼĽ֡
䣬ֻһգۣʮȫװȸսʿУٴ󲽳Щͷϵİ۱ǳȥͬʱһһ⻷׹ڽ»ΪһȦһȦĹȦЩȸսʿеǿޱȡ
أը˹ֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬˫ͼҵսһ𣬰żҵĽһһĻڿбը
֮ǰ񲻿ɵİ۱ʱȫ赲ֹˣԺԼʵ൱ͬʱлӵȸֽĶ֣۱ȫڱѹƵ״̬
һɲǣгϳͷİ۱׷ױɫ
ɵǣ
ǵ쳹ͷδ䣬ͷϵĺڼȸսʿϣѸٱ仯һС͵ϣһԷֱۣڶֱӿ˶Էͷ­
һһİ۱ʿԵ˳ǽϡ
ǰ֮ǣֻ˶ʮ侳ľо񣬺˲ͬЩȫǾоϸѡĸ֣³ͨϣүүھеӰ죬ġ
֮ǣԪĲֻǵһ֮ǵĳǽڵڶ֧ȫװŵɵĿףȸֽÿһ侳ϡ
ڸ֮ǵĵ
˵θӣܱڶ࣬˵ĶһЩͨߣһЩ͵ϮҪһЩͬȼĸӦԡ
֧ӾΪ˶齨ġ
ˣ׼
һ࣬ԽԽİ۱ϳͷԪҲͫ׽ȫ˼㡣
ϣһŭԪҲγ˳Ϊһ飬򵥵ս󷨣Щϳǽİ۱ȥ
أ
ֻգۼ䣬˫Ѹٵļսһ𣬰۱Ȼʵǿ󣬵ϣԼ󷨷棬ԶûгԪô
ۣһһ׵ķ϶Ѫ֮УɲǼ䣬һһ۱˫Ŀ鴤ŵڳǽ档
һһսκһʿЩ۱Ķ֣һЩ۱ֵס
Ұ۱Ͼսͷʱ򣬾ζǷơ
Ȼڰ۱˵֮ڽı仯


732 С
ÿ
׼
䣡

ھͷսҵĵطʮɿλãڼ׵ľʿڵϣеĳֱָǰ

Ҳһ춯صľ죬һĴ̴һĺɫļӰ˲Ϣ䴩ʮɵľ룬һ̴һոɽͷİ۱޴طԽͷûҹɫ
Сģ
ͷϣһĸߴ׳˶İ۱Ǽڼ׾ʿľ޴е˶ñɫ
սϣԶǶвĴڣ˹˵İϸ˶ٵļ󷨡󷨣ֵܵסųơսجΡĳ
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼȱ仯ֱֱȥ׼ȱȽϵ͵ĳڳͷ
սƿս֮ͬǵĳͷطխɹŲշתĿռֻʮɵľ룬Ҳʹð۱Ѷ
ܣ
Сģ

һ۱󺧣ȻڳͷĳҲֻļܣǴȴǶʿԱġ
Уϱɡ
еİ۱мɵʱţȫʩչ
ȥɵǣ
һ۱˹˻ţɫһֳ䵶ԾͼԼٶȱ任켣ɱЩڼսʿͬʱݻЩ
Ȼ۱񲻹ո˳ɣ䣬һ֧īڿն˲䣬һᴩţʬԶԶȥ׹ڽĳǳڡ
һ
׼

ָļܳĽ죬ɫʼ侲ޱȣɱ˹ذ۱û˿ԥУ׼Ѹٽеڶ
Щľʿͨʵ϶ѡľͬʱҲеģͳйصһ顣
ȱݾֱֱȥȱٱ仯öԷܣĳɱַǳ߰һµĳԣ
ӾѡЩڲǳ츳ʿȻһСӣԴֲ׼Ȳ⡣ͬʱ֧ܳĳСӣѳսӵ
ĿǰȻЧ
ΨһǣϾܵ͢ƵսԴȴ쳵
еļܳ󣬻ڳ͢Ӱ죬رġ

һһĺ쳹֮ǣҹɫдԶͷϵĳȻֻļܣЩСӵĿ£ٶȴ졣
ļܳٶȣ൱ʮܳЧڳĹ£ͷİ۱ȫѹס
һЩ۱ͼʿڣȻа۱͹ĸСӵȣУƫ֮󣬲ôڵֻҪ¶һȻᱻС
ļսԵĳ֮󣬶ʱȫı˳ͷϵս
̫ˣҾ֪үһа취ģ
ֲúүһԭѾϵЩ
ү㣬˹˺گ˶Ķ֣Ҿ˵Щôס
ٺ٣ո˭ŵֱ£

ǳУʮ򹤽һֱĬĬעһĻһʱ󶨡֮ǣĶ롣
ȻʼʱҲЩΪʲôվһʱﻹʡ
ԶԶģҡҷĻУ屳ˣԣһ̣˵УıӰøߴΰͬһصɽһ㡣
˳ᢣʤǧǴϻǵκ飬ֻҪģԶûʲôܳգֲþʦôҴҪϹϵҪǮҪˣһΪá
ΪԶûʲôǲԳɹģ
ֵĳǳУڳǽжΣ಻Զһط˭Ҳûע⵽֮ĬĬעıӰипѡ
еĹУģҲ壬֮൱˽⡣
˽Խ֮λʮ꣬ԽĳϷ;塣
ֳǻۺ;ԶԶͣӴԽ࣬ͻԽҲԽҪ׷
ǽϣ岢֪˵˼սԲ˼ҪԶԶǰս
ˣ
Ժд˷
۱ڹҲǱĩãж˵ԶԼвǵһЩ
ѵҸ߹뵽ò㣬ҴϳԴѩɽĹ׶ӦǸͨĶ֣㵽ʲô
üͷʼоЩԾ
һĽУĿһֻһֻֻצӹӳǽ·ǰ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬˻һ۱˫۴ӳǽ·վǰ壬Щ۱˵䵶ŭŴ˷׷ն塣
ߣ
عЦһ۱ÿһ侳ĸ֣װݣҲǼǿ
ܺǿľ࿹⣬ԼǰҲֻ۵߰˫Ѫ죬ֳ䵶ӵİ۱ûЩ۱˹
䣡䣡䣡
һһ۱ֳ䵶㾡ȫ֮ƣݺݵؿ塣Щ˹ذ۱ʵ㾡ȫһһɽҲǵǰ뻹ɣе䵶ͺһεǽһȫա
ô£
һʩʲô
ҵ䵶ôˣ
εε
һɱܶԸôˣ

һ˹ذ۱־ŭһĻȫǵԤ֮Уμӹôս⻹ǵһ
Ǿŵģǽһƽƽĵ
𣿡
仰ΪĺԣϤ˹ԡ
Ǹˣ
е˹ذ۱Ķǰ壬̧ͷǵʱɲǼ䣬жһֲĸо
ӣӣ
֪˭ͻȻգۼ䣬ÿжоһǿҵΣոУÿ˶ͷƤը
һֱܵ£ҪܣѾˡ
¡Ŀǰֻ۾գһ£һ˲Ϣ䣬˷еİ۱һǿ£塣
Сģ
ҵǵ



һ˹ظԭİ۱澪иֳεĿ־塣ڴ컯ǰЩ۱Ӳãڵйբ֮ˮ㣬ƺƵɽĳӿȥ
ֹˣϼޱȣ󷨡󷨵׶Ĵ컯ǰϵŤ̮Ρ

һ̴ٵĲҽУа˹ذ۱ȫѹһģѪ⣬˴׻״׹Χ
սʼÿ죬ø죬׺İ۱ûп壬Ѿˡ


733 âܣ
Ѱ·
ûһۣܿͻָƽ
ڵʵͨʥ侳ǿ߶ĶԷһץסᣬοЩ侳İ۱
ûж֣Щ۱ѾȫΧ
һ۱ʬѾڿշ𣬷ǽ䵽ǽȥˡ
¡
תעʼɨطʱͻûκεףһɽѰľͻȻӸ֮ڴűһĲҽУ

ˣмϸ˹ˣ
ҵȣ
ӣӰ

ԭƽĳǳͻȻһƬңĲҺըײһƬֻһɲǼ䣬֮սնȻһ䡣
ԭѾסľ棬ͻȻ֮ޱȣı
ⲻܣ
ǽϣĴսʿǻ𾪵ڲҽзĵط͵תôһɲǣͷĵģһļž
ݳĺڼСӶ̲סͷĴ㵡
˵ܵĪڸ֮ǣ֮ǷϵĪڳǡвμӳǳؽĹȫǺˣκεĺˡ
ǵĳȫлͻͨʦڻйԱְӵġңеĹй滹йͷͷ滹йͷһһ㣬ݽҪȥܡ
֮⣬ǧͻأʮ֮Ϳʼ衣
˵ĸ֮Ȼڶ࣬ȴ׻ȥ˹˺ͺ˳ȫͬǰ۱˹ıȽϸߴģòϺͺҲм𣬵ϵĸԭ죬Ͳôȥġ
Ⲣһ߾Ϳðģ
û֪Щ˹˵ôģ

ʱ˿̣򶨵Īˡʼ֮󣬾ͺѰҵĴ𰸣ͻȻ֮׹ӿʼڣʼղһ⣬ǾЩƾʲôôžһܹƸ֮ǣ
ѵƾЩӲĹ׶צӹ
ǳعǺҰսȫͬģԷô塣ֱǳҽͻȻ֮ȫ׹
εĶԶԼĻҪѲö࣬ҲҪµĶࡣ
Ȼ֪ôģǺʣԷƹ˸֮ǵĲŲϵҳɹĿ˷òϵĲ죬Ǳ˸֮ڡ
ЩǱڳǳڲļϸǶԷɱﵡ
ԽԽ֪νĵʲôˣ
尵Ŀ֮һĹâ
ҲǽӴ˹صǱɱɣհ͡˹ޣǵλһĻءޣЩ˹ؽķָơ
˹ؽķȻͬǰ㣬𹥣׶ơϵߣצӹ׶ǳڵļϸԼҹɫӥȸļӣԷķӴκһ˹ؽ춼Ȼͬ
ֱֱַȥ˹˽Ȼͬƻ֮һԭ컹ҪǺųս֮ġҦ족¶ԶԶ
ļУһ˹ؽǰôѲ
֮ҪȽеĻңĻôĹ޷Էһɱңµʱ򣬸֮ǵĳžˡ
ˣ
ϸ룬һѸٴӳͷɳӶɲǣͻȻ֮һĸоʼʱֻâһĸоգ֮䣬ǵ㡰âһĸоѸͬ籩һǿҡ
ǺǺǣץסˡ
һЦ޵شӶߴͬϷʡǰʲôҲȴ˲һǿҵΣոС
ã
ɫ䣬Էﲻ֪Ǳ˶ãȫϢͬһ߰ݷֱ屻Զɧ¶ŶȻ֡
һ־ɱС
ڣ˵գͬʱҲĶ֡
䣡
ϸ룬һӴͬ级һ㣬ڱ컯˲䱻ʩչ˼ޣһһһһ£ӰͬʱҼ硣
䣬һģ̺Żľͬ㣬ɨԭλã֮ԶڳŸķԲ֮ڣһƬǵصĿ硣
ǿҵײڳϣʹøĳŷصĺľսѡ
һ࣬Ժ֮һ֮󣬻ͷһĻҲǰľ
СӣӦһȻˡ
ھԭλòԶĵطһߴ˶ҰԵĺӰץһһ೤۴ϸĺںɫǹͬһo
Ŀ߸ϣһζƺ¼ûʲôֵһˣûʲôܺᲢۡ
ľģֿҰŰɱԵϢ·ĴھҪһа㣡
ĸҲǲˣײп£ħһ㣬ǿɱ¾ͻĸ֮ǰû
⵽ʲôˣ
ɫأǰħһӣԺд˷
˵ĽƻթڱսϵĶıǣԼ̣ǱϵִʬɽѪͳŨɱȫ۸˹佫ǿߵĴͳӡм˶ӡӡĿ
ǿУ
ԵǿУ
֪ԼһµĶ֡ȻǿУȴӡ
ԣ
ĿӹУǸ˷·춼ҪͱƵģɫ쳤ǹƤһԺͻȻһθӣ˹ءơͻʡдʳ֧һÿ¼սϡ
Ҫƾһϵɱ̶жһˣȻ̫ѣҲ̫סٽеһʹõİɫħԳǹȥλǰ˵ݾ;̫ˡ
٣ԺѸٵһ

ƤɫȻޱȡɱأƻѲڱ˹ˣ쳤ǹЩϢһԺһѸԾȻ
âܣ
˹ص׼˹غպյĵ۹󽫣һȸǹ˶ç֧ͻЩͳ˹ص۹󽫣ֱ׷˹صĴ󽫾Ϥŵ߹»ΪϤŵ߹»ĽӰˣ
һвΪΣգɱȴּȵĴҪǣ˼άѣȫûа취ĵȥȡ
Ϊɱͷʹƽ˲ȥ飬ģƳɱȥΪȵĴԣÿһĳ֣ɼ鷳в˺
ͻʣʳ֧ơųܳܳʱһȥһҡ
ڣûЩ֣߳âܾǸļһ
֮ԶӡȴֻΪΪļǵã֮ޱãâеؼ֮һ
˹سµİ۱ǡǡͳµ֧֮һ
ڣʳ˵ľͦ˹ظԭܵ۱ӭشʱ򣬴âǵʱ˹ͳ졣


734 в
ԭ
ݺݵȭͷһ˲䣬ɱǡΪ˴ƣİ˶ǱĶˣҲһɲǣһϤ˲Ժ
ʱ񣬡в
һŵжԵĽǻĴӸԭ𣬳ϿգһΪɱ¾ڵĽǣݻһеԹУֻս滺ᣬеֺ˷ܡǵ۹вв
µʱݻǣΪµĵһƷɹ400㣬ʧǳʹ2000㡣
񲻿ѡ񣬲ɷ
µƣڿʼ

һû뵽֮ʯȻʱ򷢲ʱԴâܵ񣬶Һһε񲢲ֱȴʧܳͷ۵Ρ
ңʧܿ۵ǽ屶
Ҳ˵֮ʯֽ֮УسͷķʽԼ񣬶ʱֻ£
ܶõʱ䣬Ҳܿ۳ٵ㶼ѾûйϵΪһָɵ
ʯ䣬ЩͷԺеϵĳͻȻϵһγϵȸֽһɲǣâ˸ͬǧǳ貶Ŀա
һͦĿԶϷλõĴâܣȻһս⡣
İ۱ѾҪˣֻҪɱâܣⳡսͻʹսᡣ
˼Ȼս
ͻȻһſĴЦ쳹֮ǣڰУâĿ¶⣬ĳհ쳤ǹɢ裬ںڰоͬһµħ㡣
ѾȫҵȤˡֻǷ˽㡣ڣҸıעˣûвҲһҪɵ㣡ȤɲҪʧ
âͻȻ¶һ˿̵Цݡ
һɲǣǽпһĻ˶̲סгһĺ⡣Ȼû˷Ӧһ̣âһݣѾ˹
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬âаɫǹͬԾֻһǹǰһɲǵƺƣƬǽ죬·ܲסһǹʱҪһ㡣
âܳǹĵطԲʮڣеķݡˡľ壬ػĸֲģеȫ黨һ㣬мͬ滨㣬˷
âܵٶȿ죬ٶȸ죬ڴâֵܳɲǣһΣͬһֻӰԺ֮˴âһ
ȻâܲһĻ۾һУ壬Ҳû룬еİ쳤ǹ־һȥ
¡ǧأâǹ֮еſգȫΪһƬ֮ء
ǰҵһǹܽʳ黨һ˵˵Ѫ֮ˡ
˵ʱʱ죬һ㺮ϣеȸֽƻʱ죬͵صڴâǹϣǹཻըʮ⣬һʮ׵ĵͬڷŵľ䣬ȫЩƷȥ
ԶĵطսΧ֮ڵľʿͬոշϳͷ˹ذ۱ûӦͱ˽ֵĿضͬݲݰڿзһصײڸ֮ǵǽϡ
ķӦҪõö࣬âһͬ߷ݰ㣬֮ܵгΣڿһͬһƬҶ㣬ƮƮʮһγǽϡ
صһν֣Ȼˡ
ʲô书
âܱҪ׷ɱȥһĻͫһȻͣոһ֣ԵĸоƵӣʵԼ
ǲ֪Ϊʲô˽ֵʱԼһ뱻֪ʲôַΡ
岢ûлشվڳǽһֱϣû˿Ĳһ֣Ѿ˴âܵʵˮƽ
Ϊ˹δܳĽ죬âܵԵͣĻĳɾͣڵĴâܻԶûô¡
׼
Ǵâڵʵˮ׼
ʵûлءç֧Щ˹شͳĵ۹ôǿ󣬵Ҳ̫Զ
ǿһǹϢûһйֱֵɲǣȻըĿƣʴâѾﵽ˼¡
ǰԼǱɣõʦа˴ڵаһ컯ֻ֮Ҫ϶ç֧Щ˹صĵ۹󽫣κǿߣâ׼嶼ȫӵһս֮
âܣ
忪ڵ
ţ
âܽһ٣ͫ΢΢һдΪ⣬ܿЦ
˼Ȼ֪ҵ֣
ⳡжͻȻԽԽȤˣӦǰûȻֻһͱϳԼݣָоڴâ˵൱Ȥ
Ǿûˣ
˵ͷʱȷɣ
âܣ˹أԶȡѵһεʱϣ˵ԭɢһ㶫һССĽѵ벻ǾȻ޴ҡ
֪𣿾ΪǽжӴԺ˹ص᳹׵˳򣬶ΪͣƵľӽ̤˹ظԭıԵｫΪµءǽжĴۣ
嵭߲ͣȴһŷ
ˣ
ֻһ仰â˲ɫ
κһǰ˵仰â֮ܶԱǣΨ壬ֻ򣬿£йҶв֮
Ȼֻʮ꣬ǰġӢȴüʮݹǺʿѪͶɵģκεġ׳͡ҿҫҪĶࡣ
âȻôƵҵӣҲֻ书ϣڱϣһԻܻغʹ޵ˣâҲС
˵ʲôǶ˵
ܿ죬â΢̣¶һ˿̡ϷʵЦݡвʲôǶԺ飬ǽͱ
䣡
âһ䣬һ״⻷׹䵽ϣΪһȦȦĹΣΧ
Ĺ⻷ͬâͷųĹ⻷ǺɫҲǰɫǵɫϸȥǵɫĹ⻷УһģĽɫڡ
Щ⻷ĳ£âܱɱͬеħһ㣬һȴһʥƴζͬһսһ㡣
߹⻷
ɫĹ⻷ɫ΢䡣ʥ侳ǿΪﵽһǿȣټ书㹻ĻĹ⻷ͻбй⻷ס
һĹ⻷ɫתʥƴĽɫҹ⻷ֳڵͼʥ侳ǿǡ֮ı־
Ⲣʥ侳ǿ߶еģǴﵽһı֡Ҳû뵽âܾȻѾﵽ־硣


735 սâܣһ
䣡ˣ
âܽһ߷£ԡĸÿһ̺޾İÿһ³âϵϢͰθһ֡
󣬹ӰһֱɫͼͻȻӹ⻷аοնѸٵͱ仯ȻΪһֽɫĴѩɽ
ֻһ˲䣬̹Ǿ޴ѩɽ󣬳˶˻һƬװ֮⣬طīһŭ𣬾˫Ŀע£һֻ׶ͻȻӴâܵƿն
ƣ
֮УһȣâͻȻһȥ
𣡡
УһɫӴâϷǵڶ׺ݵĺɫǵأɽӸϣŶվһ塣
ѩɽ
ĿһͷŴձµľɫ˲ϳ˴âʩչŴѩɽѧ
˹صĴѩɽŴ˹ѧķԴءսϣ˹ؽľѧʹѩɽǧ˿ƵϵԴԴѩɽĳЩ书ֱ֧ӾԴڴѩɽ
ڴѩɽУмſѧѩɽǡǡ֮һ
˹ص񻰴˵УһɫƵضԭϵŰ̵ţɱ񣬻иԭϵսʿ
иԭϵǿ߶Ķ֣ʬҰʬֱۣɫ˴ѩɽ˴ѩɽʥɮѹ˴ѩɽĵصס
ѩɽǸ˹ظԭ˾֪Ĺϴ˵ɵġ
ϱӾŴѩɽΪŴѩɽľѧɱԼأԴԵһ
û뵽âʩչľŴѩɽѧ
䣬ɫӶײվ˲䱻ʳһѷͳбɳ
컯ʩչ˼ޣһһ£һһɫ˫磬Ҳ߷˼£ͬǧһ㣬⴩أת
䣬ֻһٴ˴âܵĵڶ
ɣ
Ŀкһʳжָָһ˲Ϣһ̫Ҫҫ۵ɫŴâҸ磬ȥ
â΢΢ɫĸоǳȫѷɫκε
أĹâŤգ¶ڳͷһϣֱӽһٶѳһ󶴡
âڿУ۽һĻҲƤ֪еߵУϵѲġ
еĽϵߵУԽΪ¡ֻǻ侳ΪһָѾޱƽʥ侳ּǿߣҲвˡ
Сӵ׻жܣ
ʱ˿̣âԼĵеӡ
ӲԺس˹صĸ֮һɲǣâԭģǰ˵Ǿ仰ͻȻЩˡ
ʵԽǿ󣬻书Խ࣬âеɱͷԽء
¡
âְ쳤ǹִѩɽʩչޣ˲Ϣ仯Ϊһ籩㣬ȥ䣬̶ʱڣâеİ쳤ǹ̳ʮΣÿһбɽ
ֵĴѩɽ򻯳ĺɫһ㣬ϵشӸ幥ȥ
һ࣬һ̬ʹâܼҵսһ𡣺䣬侳Ϊʹâ滥Ľȴ˶벻ġ
âһɽԵңĳϱô컯ŲƣգΡ
Ȼֹˣ컯бñĪ⣬ƾֲֹǣ͸ıֹķ򣬶ͬԸıԼķٶȡ
Եľǣڿյʱ򣬿ȫܹԺ͵Ӱ죬ɸı䷽ٶȣʹôâ˹׼ѩɽĶֶ޷жƶλá
ежǰͳͳʧȥЧâܵĹ߳ȫգͳͳ
䣡䣡䣡
ƺƣ䣬ֲȸֽŴ컯ƻ򽣣ʹâܼҵսһ
â˹ظԭϹϵĶ֣ڶç֧ͻЩ۹󽫣սḻޱȣ壬սȻҪḻ
أ
巴һƣڴâ̹ϡâʼû⣬һ̣оͻһ͸ֱ֣âܵȥ

âһԳȣײ¶һɲҲŵһëȻĸо
ֲûƣȻֱܳϮı壬ֱ޷ͣȫ˼顣
Դâܵ۽ʶҲû
ʯ䣬룬âһᣬеİɫǹһɢ
Сӣ㵽Ǵѧ书
âܵԸַϻģһ̲סˡѩɽԨԴ书ؼ̺ǾǴѩɽâҲԿ϶ֹ޷͵书
ܳŵסٸɣ
ӰݺᣬŲշתò޷׽
͸֮ʯеõ̫󣬵Դâ־糬ԼĸʱԵرЧ
Ѿ͸˶㡣

ⷬâܲȻŭ
Ϊκβ𣿡ն

һ춯ص쳹֮ǣ޾ĺ̹գ˵ĿעУâͻȻʧĺ֮Уȴһɫľ޴ƿն¶
䣬Ǹһ֣Ǿ޴һۣȻ·ȥٶȱʮֹ
һǰκһжȻֻͬٶȼ죬籼׳磬޷ܣʽֵķΧҲӴ
һɲǣҲ̲סƤҲоһǿҵΣ

û˿ԥ˲ʩչһ˻ľѧ
¡
ڳǧ˵ĿУк̹âܻ˺һһ㣬ݺݵײڸ֮Ǽ̵ĳǽϡ
һɲǣƺƣǴ̶Ҫ˵ĶĤ˺ѣһɲǣж̲סһִƺһεĸ֮Ǳ׵˺Ѻˡ
Ȼ֮վǵֵסˣֹˣһǣ˷һϸСĺӰһ㣬ǹĺгԺ֮˴âܵһ

ʩչڿնϣһ㡣Ŷڵ˵̫ѧ˿зӳԶԶǡô˴âǿġն
Ϊﵽһӵ䣬Ҳﵽʥ侳۷ΪһһʽѲ͵ȼʺϾ֣ظ


736 սâܣ
ˡ
·ĳͷϣɢֳһӰâֳֳصİ쳤ǹͷŸ߿е壬͸󺮹⣺
ߣ
âܽһ̤һгǹֱӻΪһ̹Ծ˵ٶȳֱ׷ȥ֮޴ŲתԶûеĿ꣬âǾԲŹ
âܻԶԶ͹Ӧʵˣ׼Զĳǽһץڰûνƾ£ıʼ䷽һ˸ֱӳԶĳͷ
Ԫһʿȥ˳ڵİ۱صɱسš⣬ǣϡ±򡭡֮
ͷ۾еĴâܣ󺮹⡣
ѩɽʥ侳׼ΪټһҵԼ˵սɺ;飬âܿ˵ѲĶ֡
ҪɱĴУƾԼ侳ΪԶԶý˵Ϊ
ǣˣ
һĴȴӳͷϸֻһգۼ䣬Ԫǡ±򡢹ϡһ֮ǾеĽ׷״˷۹ᵽ󣬰ĳֹһ󷨡
֮
һеģսǿߵǿСͺϻ󷨣
ƽǻֻǰ˸ʩչǵУ֮չ¶һеĶִӳǽĸط۵ϵϢϰ
ʮĸʮʮ
ľǿѸٴﵽ˵һӣֻһգۣѸͻƵ˶ʮӡ
ǿӵʮ
ˣ
âһŤʮˣʮɵġ֮飬ǽͷĿȫңң˶Ĵâܡ
ʮ˵ϢΪһ壬ͨ漴ͻ
𣡡
һ˻ƵģǿϢޣͻȻд˵Ͽգһ೤ƥľ޴ա
ĺ󷽣ֳһ˸µģŤĺӰ
飡
߿Уâ˫һ죬ббģصڶһǽͷϷֳһĻҲ΢΢ɫ
ѧҲЩ˽⣬Ϊ˹һֱ˲ϵ̽鱨ʩչ󷨣ôâЩ⡣
򵥵˵âܲûм󷨡
Ǵâȴܸоõ󷨷ǳ٣ֿԵ֮󷨡
âܣǿԺúôһˣ
ջ谵ҡҷԶǽĻ¯дվڳͷ¶һ˿Цݡʹâ֮䱾ž޴Ĳ࣬սദ⡣
ʩչˡ֮󷨺󣬻ϢȻһ䣬ʮнֱӴӻ侳أ˻ص۷徳硣Ȼûдﵽʥ侳ǶѾսâ׼ĸˡ
䣡
һ̤һξȻȷ˹
ϣ
󣬳Ԫǵͬʱ벽βһֱϻ󷨵ôΪһ壬ԲֻʵˣԪЩеĽʵҲͬˡ
Ϊм˾𣿡
һĻâܲȻŭʥ侳ǿ߾Ȼ侳ƣֱܴ裡
䣬һ̤һȦɫĲը𺳵ǽ˲âǹһͬһŭ㣬ܣ˳ɱ˹ȥ
ȻһεĽֽʹâȴȫͬ
飡
ըʯ쾪ΧֵȻھҵĽսУ˭Ҳûע⵽޳ָͻȻڴâܳءӲİɫǹһͻ𣬾ͺһ޴һһâڵͻȻʧأһֵй¶ȻܿƵûڡ
Сӣʹʲô
âܴһ
ȴЦһץ¡Ѫǣûڡ֮һ˵ġ컯Ҳһ
âֵ۹׼ǿߣһĻޱȣҪԶѵĶࡣ
ҲѶѡ
컯ųǧа˵һаħŷɥĿֲѧâǿҲڡ֮С
ˣ
ĵԲڣƺƣеڴ컯ãΪһĿ㣬ŭţӸײâܡ
ЩӿɵĿڴâּǿ˵ԶԶﲻ˺ļ𣬵ȴŭޱȡҸΣյǣǧһӿײȻ첻ʵʵ˺ȴܲͣĸţӰâܵս
ǺҪģ
ʵȻâܣȴûâܿӵĵزʵۣʵͨʥ侳ǿߡ
սͼɣâܶ൱鷳

âܳɢ뷢ţһֱŭĸомŭĲֹ֮жĳĹ书гԪЩС󡱡
ǣ㹥·
±㹥·
һҲ£
һ֣ӣ

Ԫ幥ʱҲûţǣסâܵĿյʮ֮ǵľؽ˷飬Ŵâܹȥ
ûǣƣЩϡһСɫַǵâܷԸʱЩСϡֱ޼ɵĹ
ǴâҲܷסʮˣʮִֻӸ򷢶Ĺ飬һһǵĹײڴâܵϡ
ȻƣǳԪȴַʽͣĴâڵⳡս֮֮Ѿмģȶһ
âҲֻһˣ˹ظԭӳи˵䣬Ǻϻ֮Ȼơ󡱣ˣʮ˶һеս˹ȫܵġ
С·
âҧгݣ۽Ƿ鴤û˿ԥڱɲǣâеİ쳤ǹǰһֱָ̻壬һ̣˲б㣬¡һȻб󷽵һ֮ľ齫ȥ
ǹʵбһˣȻâԵ۹׼ʵ־ڱصһǹȻˡ
âܣŪĿ꣬Ķң
ЦеȸֽһͻȻ֮ǧӰ˵ϢҲȻһ䣬ͦΣͬһ˼콣һ㡣
֮ս󣬴ƾǰڻ¶֮󣬽Ľһѧ
š𡱵Ȼ硰̫޼ԪɹǾԿǰ֮ǰ


737 սâܣ
ˣ
׹һһǳǳĿպӹռ䣬оþòɢĽӰȴѾһй˴âܵ֡࣬ɵĻȻͬϰ㣬ϳ˲һΪѴâŵû󺧡

âҧгݣƤѩɽųǧ괫УǸԭһ书ԴԶĴУǺųƿԺᲢۣͥ񣬵ǣâϹʥɽʦˣҲûмܹʩչôǿѧ
һ󾳽磬ƫƫϸ湦취һſаѾˣĲ˼Ľ
Уâܶټ˿ͬʱѧôǿ书
СӣСӣСӣʮСӡ֮󷨣âܣ٣벶ȸںȸɵ㣬ٸɵİ۱ҵҪ˹ػʲôҶԿ
Ŀѩƥںڰзͬһ㣬Ǹ߿һǳ𡣱ơ󾫶ࡱӣâ뵽üǧ۱Ǿû
ͱԣâܾѾܶ˹أƵˣʹΪ֣Ҳò֡
ֻϧˣ죬âԼ
ֻҪɵâܣڳǳнսۺٴ󣬶˵뿪սҲǲ
ڸɵâ֮򿪳ǳأ֮ǰȫɵ
ңâһ˸в
ǣү
һѪ˷̶ʱڣһһμӹ֮ľоѸٵļᣬΪһ壬ͬͭһ㡣
֮սͿʼʶھдƹ㡰֮ս󷨣ʱֳ
ҿϣү
εĵ˷ǳǿ󣬴Сģ
ף

һ仰һսСӺХϡѧϵŴâкҳĺôڴ˿̶ʱչ¶ɣ
𣡡
ǹ
ն

һսСߵʮΪһλӸ򲻶ŴâܷѧĹڴâܵĻϡ
СϷĿѨ
СӶϷĿ羮Ѩ
СӺ󳷣

䣬䣬СԺ֮һһԵĺɫ弰ʱǰˣСѾˡ
ʮСӣСӵλã
һϵķȥ峬׿սָӲڴʱչ¶ɡһǼ򵥵֮ĵУӲıһԶһͬսһļṥս
սһͽеľ񣬶һպգ˹صĵ۹׼âܡâȻͬ˶ǧİ۱ʱȴΪ֮ǵĴڣΣﲻæ
ڶʮһڶʮʮС׼
廹ڲݣøľоս֮СͷϵطСȴֵܳõΡƣӸطߵͲһ
飬һֻһֻսСܵٻ뵽սʱΨһûܵģҲֻǸСˡ

һһ׼ĳֻļܣȴ֪٣Ĵֳڵϣ䲻һ㡣
Ȼȱ˳Ԫǵļ룬ƾĲԼĿ۱ǽжʼܵơ
ǧ۱ʼûܴķԽǽȻҲ޴Ӵ򿪳šЩ˹ظԭ۱ȻҲ֪Ϊж˧âڼڿ챻Ʒ״̬
Ķ


â۽ǳ鴤ԽԽꡣ¡һǹûй壬ȴǺЩƵġ֮Сӡ
ⳡսѾԽԽζâܴûЩԼһʼĴʿ䣬ھȻôꡣ
̶ʱڣѾٻ˶ʮսСӣӽһ߰ʮʿԲɵķΧӸطͣԼ
ⳡսѾԼһа٣ͬʱͽ˵Ĺˡ
ͲܷһַʽԸĥǼֱ޲ɼԼ
ȴʹһгΪ˿ܡ
壬ΪҵĶԸ𣿡ѩ⣬
â׹ƵʼЩܲˡ¡һ̣ĺâһݣͬһɫǰ
¡
ƺƣɫߴһɲǣ֮Уʮ๤ͬͻȻһ޴ģѩɽ
֮ǰκһζͬһεѩɽӵʵӵľ壬ҲӴԶԶȥа֮ߣκο˶Ȼ
𣡡
ھ޴ѩɽ·ƹһͷ޴Ķζ״ޱȵУ׶Ѫɫ˻Ϣ
ھԵǰеļɶֻǵСҸ㣬ʲôɣ
â֮ܵͬϿջص
һɲǣؾ㾲վ޴ÿһ˶оһɷĿ־塣
ѩ⣬ǡѩɽǿ⾳ԶһС
âƾһУƻСɣ׵Ļٵǵĳǳأʹλ˹غ󷽵С׵Ͷ˳Ϊ˹صķ
һе֮ûٵͷϣڵĿꡣ
ߣ
һЦԣ̧죬ȴû˿η壺
â̫ˣѩɽΣΣھ͸㣬ʲôѧ
䣬Ǭת
һХͻȻȫʮнĹͬһֻӰϡˣ˫紦ԭֻӰ»ͻȻ֮ʵʣѸٻΪһһӿĺлγһ뾶ʮɣ̫
컯һŴģսľѧɶֵߵʵսĵһ
Ⲣ˵սͲǿǡǡ෴컯֮λаһеа̸ɫ䣬ȻʧɫΪµս
Ϊаǧĵһѧ컯жսѧ
䣬Ǭת֮һ
컯оѧÿһʩչĿ̣һУרʤǿԸâܱԼǿֵľѧ
ֻһҪﵽߵľſʩչǽ֮󷨣ʵǣͬʱһִâܵҲ㲻ʩչ
⣬ҪʩչһУͱĴѪ;
һл˶֣ôͻʵ󽵣ܿԱԷ׷ɱˣҲ岢ʩչԭ
䣡
ֻգ֮䣬һɫͺʹâصײһ𣬾춯صľУն·˺ˣ˶ҵ𶯵ðǡ
϶䣡
һɫţ׷ס˫¶ܵɫȴ۾ĶſС


738 ߴӣ
䣡䣡䣡
УʹâҵײšʵԶâܣȻһֹ£âܵһϱ˹ȥȻͬ屾һ𣬻ΪһĺŴâܺݺݵײ˹ȥ
𣡡
ѩɽѣһɲǣһʹ˻𣬹âһһӰӰص׹ˤڳǽ档
䣬һ˿ӰеӰȻ壬Ǵâܡ
ôܣ
һĻǵ𶯣̹âܵҪýеľΧⱾ˵ʵ
ϣ˱ѾʧܣӦ׼˭ҲûϵƺȻʵǿĴâܣȻһһһսˣҿ˵òᡣ
СӣһȻ뵽ְ취һлԶûнһһģǸʱɲ㻹ôõˡ
â֮ܵǵϿջصݡԹ޵ζһ̣û˷ӦâͻȻһԾ³ͷʧ

ͻȻһĻ˴㵲ѣʼϲ˭ҲûϵâܾȻʱ򳷱
ˣ³ͷ󲻾ãâһӿƮڴâԭ׹ĵط
ĿԽǽѸٵ档ֻԭǰͺ̣η·Զֹͣİ۱ڴâսºͻȻһƬң
ܶ۱֪ʲôֻǿâܴӳͷ£һƥսԶŷ׷ߡ
۱ֺηͣҲһɲǵȻ޴档
֣
׼

ɫ࣬һֱֻۣͻȻ֨֨ǽУһҴĹͻȻ׷ԾϳͷеĹ
飡飡飡
ܼļ꣬ʮ׵ĵطһ֧֧еĳҲӳǽǧİ۱
ϣ
ս˻һ֧֧׷ЩսΣھʹĴ̼£İ۱׷ױսһЩսΪҪֱӵеϡ
䣡
һĻǽս˻а۱ŵĽкǳͻȻһ춯صĻ
̫ˣ
ʤˣ
Ҿ֪күڣԲ˹˵˸֮ǣ

֮һƬĺ󡣶ǽϣһҴĸֺ;еĻǶͶء
ʼ˹عǵʱ򣬸ҴɵĹӱ׼һ꣬Ǳֹˡ
Ǹʱһɻ󲻽⣬ʱﻹ˻ľ
Щ˹Ȼ϶кףһȫװƥˣǾ˹ҲսΡ
ҲЩ˹Ψһ
⵹˹⣬û뵽һ㣬սйλãټϻһβ׺ܲףսҲܲߴ
Ȿʲôܴ⣬ʱ˿̣ȴΪ˹˵İ˹֮࣬á
ϣ̶ʱڣһ˹ˤڵϡ
ȥǣ
Ķһ˹ذ۱תͷҪȥЩͬ顣ӭǵȴһޱȵ
飬һ˹ذ۱ողתͷسһΣ˲Ϣ䣬һͷ­˹ذ۱˫۱һ£ֱͦͦĴսˤ

һһܼ꣬ϵشӳͷһһİ۱ӳͷ֮ĸСӶʱûκεĹ˼ɣʩΪܼļ겻ϵؽЩ۱䡣
˹Ļ̻̣һƬң˶ܵĻᣬĸСӲϵشӳͷ̶ʱڣʮ˹ذ۱ڵͷԮʱ򣬱¡
쳷
Զһ˹ذ۱ͷ̼ĴȣȻܲʣе˹˻Ǹɶȥ
үûᣡǿȥ׷
ǽϣԪ˼˹һĻϲѣâܱܣ˹Ļ̻̣һƬңǳû׷ɱսĺûᡣ
ˣ
ͻȻֹ
ڲ׷ɱʱǣ˾ɵЩ׹˹ˡûսӲԶ
˵һ䣬ͻȻؿһ͸һζԪһ̧ͷŷɫ԰ףϢԶûֵ󣬴ʤӡ
ү
һæס塣
Ȼ˹صĵ۹׼δĴ󽫾ҵ͹ˣ
Զâ뿪ķһâʹâ֮ľϾһȻôâܱĹתԼȴûܹɹȡûнˡ
ڵĴâֻܻǹھź⣬ӦԼûôô֮ǾΣˡ
Ͽʰо֣ɨսɡ

ǣү
æͷ
˵䣬ûˣһݣͻȻӳͷԾ֮Уô컯׼֮ǵǽңңһ㽫½ٶȽ͡
˵죬ɱǾͳɹˣ
ոڵϣһ˹ص˻˷Щսɱ׹ڵϵ˹ذ۱ĵһӦȻܣϵһγ䵶ɱȥ
ߣ
ֻЦûһۣڴ컯˹ذ۱廹ɣȻڵͬйբ֮ˮһ㣬ܿƵӿӿڡ

˹ذ۱ֻһգ۾ͻɸʬ˴Եڵϣһ

峤һõЩ۱䣬оࡣ
ڣҲýⳡսˣ
ۣŲԶһ˹ذ۱Ժһͷˣâһ˲ʮ⣬һ۱ǰָðͷ
ȣ
۱˫۴־壬Ѹٱ
֮ҽУЩ˹ظԭϼ߱ɱİ۱ȫ
Ѿһսһɱ
Ƭ֮еսǶ˽˹ذ۱ʬ塣Щʵֱ׷ʳľŵǿĴڣҲֻ϶ѡ
ŵûϵľƣԶǿߣ֮ͨĵҲǿ˶١
үڵսѾʮ˹Ѿȫˣ֮ѾָƽֵѾƺ󣬴ʬˡ
֮⣬ǽ˰ٶĵطڱĿϢڹֹѪͻȻдһϤ
ô𣿡
üͷһʵ
֮жγǽģȫпܴڣָǹǿҪԮڣϢκ˷֣ǸܵĿܵ顣


739 ķŭ
ǳʮḻĹƽʱȻɵשߣǳصĻһսʱʮ˫۾õĳ죬ûκ˿ӹǵ۾ϢǱ뵽֮ڡ
ʵǣڴâ͵Ϯ֮ǰǳ֮ûκε򵥵˵ԷԮǽģȾǱ˸֮ǡ
ĳ̶ֳϣֱ˼顣
⡭ʱִ٣ǻûüպүԸĹ֮ǰеĶһ飬˶˼ľӡ
ЩӶǱһ󶴣ĸֲĺ͸֮ģ飬ʧһ롣
һʮ߰꽫ٵ鵽Ľ˳
üͷһ壬漴ʲô
СˣȻôӾʦ͸޿ͻ;ֽš˹طӿģ˼ҪܵĶడ
а
Ϊ˱ܣܶĸ֮ģ鲿ľܷ⣬˾Ϳ̽ʵЩľӱһ󶴲ʲô̫飬˶ʲôĸǽģ˲٣Ͳôˡ
û⣬ӦþԼʮ򹤽Ŀԭ
֪ˣ͵ɣǿ䱸⡪
ͻȻ뵽ʲôͣ½Ų
⣬ɨһ°ɣ
׿һܿ뿪
ҹХƮһŨѪζԶԶȥ󣬵Ϻˣȫһ˹ذ۱ʬ塣ûʲôǲҪ۵ġ
âˣٶ˹ذ۱ҪĴۡ

գ
ҹսڣһ˹ذ۱ҹɫУٱۣڲظԭķ򡣴âܵԣһ˹ذ۱ĸã
ˣô죿
ٵ¶һ˿ǡ
һǧİ۾ȻڹǵĹУˣĴ˶ھİ۱˵ǰûзССһ֮ǣİ۱ֱһһࡣ
ٵСɵʱ򣬰۱;ûг
Ŷç֧˻ڸԭԵڴ˵ʤصϢоԽսսǲˡ
벻ȻرǧС
û뵽ǸƵСӱȴ˵еĻҪһӢǰεأû뵽Զֶ
ǳҲ̵Ĳ˼飬ڿͲذǵĽϵܣ׵İһűм߻һͷˣսһһΣŬôãȻڵѡʵš
һ߰ڰһƵ»ǳܡ

ҹɫУǿ£ոյսһ˹ذ۱ɫ죬ȴûһ˸Ұеͷ˵
жѾ׼ˣִѩɽʥĹ׶Ԯǵצӹ㣬ϵߣǰǱСԸһڽеĳǳأѾɱţ´ˡ
˭뵽ֵ׼ǻҪĶࡣ
ңâҲС
˹أâȻ̣Щ۱ȴӵмߵڻЩ۹
ʵϣâѾܱߵļС֤ԼЩңâȵ۹д󽫻Ҫ
˭Ҳû뵽ȻʧˣԳ֣ȻҲûɱǸСӣ
ٺٺ٣Сӱĸҵ͹ˣ
һȤζͻȻ˶𣬴â죬ͻȻ졣˿ûһսܺǷϣɥǳŨŨս⡣
ˡ
ɲǼ䣬һƬ㵡ԤϹâܵĸַӦǷϡɥ䣬Ψû뵽֡
ٺٺ٣
âЦûߵˣ˸ոսǳս
Ժд˷ࡣѾܾûȤĶˣâܿԸоֵʵǲԼģһԼڳǽ³ֵʱѾˡ
Ǽһĸ֪ǳһԼȻʧˡ飬ǰûз
âܵıǷֹȺʮĹڻܶս߸һܣԼжͺˡԴâܲŻ׼ʵûֱɱǳأĽӽǱȴѵʱзɱ
ϮжڶԸСɵ˹ܱСʱâѾʹùܶˣԷĽֶûп壬Ѿ˴âܵǴâΨûϵжһж˳Ҳ˳ıǴڳеʿעΨһǣжȻʧˣ
âԴ뿪ѩɽ֮󣬻ǵһսϺսĶ֣
żȻ´οɾͲôõĻˡ
âܵĿѩһɲǵ飬ͬһ㣬󷢺
۱óҰսҰս棬۱£ԶԸ屶ʮ֡ĸ֮Ǽ̡ߴ󣬴â׼ȫһȻûлһڣҴææʱĳǳأû뵽ġ
ââܿжǧ˵Ĳڳ⣬ȴʼձǽ⣬޷֮ս˶ٶ˵Ĳ£ֳһСӣ󷨣Сǰͺַ̣Ĺûġ
˵â֮ǰκһ֣
ֻԽݼ˴âܵɱڣ¾ǲҲǾԲŹ
ç֧ﲻصˣһԼȥǽ͵ġ
âЦĿԶ⣺
⣬׼һ£֮ʱ䣬ʱˡԭʱֵȥڣȥӪذɣٺ٣ԸҵǸСӣǾȥյϢ

ΧһƬһƬ㵣ܿ죬˷׷׻
ǣˣ
һףһжǧ˹ذ۱ͻȻı䷽û·˹ظԭҹ³һ
һҹעƽ


һֻŸХ£Ǵâ쾫뿪֮󲻾ãһֻͨڣ۾ʽɫŸʹؿռ䣬Ķ֮Сˣһɲǣ·ʱ侲ֹͻȻһƬţͺ񱻳˷ԲеĿһ
һ̣䣬ͶѶһ¡һŭģѹֲס쳹
ʣ
ûõĶôС¶ã
ôѪˣ

һɽ纣ӴϢ·籩һ㣬ŷԲڵĵؽ硣ͺһֻ뱩ŭ֮еһ㣬Ƿģ쫷Ϣиܵ˶Ϊ֮
˹ظԭ֮ı߽磬ð˺ܴķգŷųһο϶˹رç֧ǸˣӦԼʲô˼
ֻǷôû뵽ðôķգ˹ǾȻʧˡ


740 âܵķ
ç֧ǻͷ𣿣ûõĶװ˷ҸĻᣬȻ˶ǧȥǣ
âܣһΪڲԭǸû뵽Ǹ
˹ظԭѵϤŵ߹»ʹ֮⣬û˵𣿡

УϷҹû˯Դϴμ֮󣬸֮Ǹҹͣʱ̽ӡ﷢һһԣâոսܣϾյ
ʱ˿̣ȴǶͷ򾣬׸ͺ죬һ˫ΪڵʧͷŭǲͣĲᡱңͱ͢ðķ
ðôķգԷȻʧˡеķŭ֪
˽ߣԷ˵ھͬһǿںͷ²졣

һδƽһδ𣬾ʱͻȻ֮䣬һ̼⴫ˣˣӪܵǵսʿǧˣնɱ
ʲô
춸һ͵شλվ
ֻһǾǱΪұ۵գһͬǺˡ
յ书ܸ߶ͬս꣬鼫ḻں˹صսҲ´󹦣˵Ƿص֮һ
ܣǲǿˣ
ĵһӦǲܡ

䣬һ̼ӵ⴫һ󼱴ٵ
ھھյɱ
δ䣬һ󼲷УһеУξ糾ͣڵϡ
Уξıϣһ֧ѪǾзشʱŻֵ
ˣֻһ̲סһŭ
ç֧
ŭͬһգ쳹

֮еƻԻһƬæµ
үѾˣ죬ǵһ֧˵·ܵʱɳ˻ȥ鿴Ϊ̶Ӳûܵ˺ϻԴҾû⣬Ҳûϱ
һɫո޽õĸۡУǰǼеĽ졣
һ߸ݣһ²ϸ
Ǽ͸ҵ𣿡
̧̧۵
غүʱж̣Ҳ췢ģڶڳУ׼һ뿪Ѿǽйˣھ⡣
±
˵ͷܿ켸ɫ΢΢Щ̶ֵ̿ӳԱ˽ϸѯһһйȻϡ
ϮǵЩˣ϶ֻһ˫۾¶Щ̶ӵĳԱΪǸɽˣΪûгʲôԱҲûгʲôʧԾûô⡣
ʱΪӰһ˻ȰӰѹ
ڷ飬һȻǲ
Ȼ
΢΢۾̴ľαϣһʳָʶߵķ֡
Щûо飬Բ֪ǲμӹ˷˵ģ֪еɽˣǵѪЩֱֱȥ֮ͽҽᣬ˵ǳԷˮһȫճ
Щɽжʱ򣬸һ٣ԼɵĽʵʵֻֻ۾档
ԣ˹ΪڸԼݡ
âܣѲ
ʶôԼָа
ּƲ߻УΪ֣Ҳòȷʵ֮Ψһ
˻ƶ񤣬еĸھʦʹƵĸݿ·;ңԶʹó
âȻһ㡣
˹˹ǣܹǰһ㣬ⲻǻ£һ¡ȥԺн֮ǵĻȫҪ飬⣬޴СֻҪ²ڸ֮ǸҲҪȫҼ¼ڲ

ǣү
˹

ʱͻȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲһеľʿҴҵ˽ɲǼ䣬һƬ˷׷Ťͷ˹ȥ
үǰ˹ر߽Ӫܵǧˣս
һ仰ʯ쾪˶ľ
Ƕç֧𣿡
ߵһ
ǣǴâܣ
ľʿ

һʯǧˣ˶¶˲˼ɫ嶼üͷ
â֮ܽǲʧܲãնɱˣȻһͷȥӪأ˶ûϵġ
ȷ𣿡
˫ŷ֣λϻվ
үǧȷϢӦѾͳ͢ȥˡ
ʿڵϹ
Ȼ
ͷٴα۾¶ɻ
һв飬ԼûгˣâܾͲǧﱼԸԼ
ûйʧԼ飬âܾͲᷢйԵȥҲͲս
Щ鶼һһ
үǺûᰡ
һӶߴһԣԪĿѩͻȻڵ
˽˹˽ԲŻᵼ½¹ʣǿһ㣬ϱ͢Ը졣
Ԫһ䣬ҲŷӦ
ϴλڸ֮ǵвүκүҲԷԸˡ
˽Ϲô͢
ǧˣɲС£Ӧ벻Ҳн죬͵ʴס
үξԲܷŹ

˷׷׵
ôĴѾõԵѹˡ
ˣ
һֹֻ֣
һ˲һƬţ˷׷׵ͷĬޱȡ
ֻ֮һǾ壬ֻҪһ飬;Բеڶ
ǰⲻġ

ȻڷûʲôøУǰвǴʱ˿̣ȴ˲һ˿һ˷ܺϲá
սǧȻǴڷ죬ȻǴƵսʿһ˵ʧʵҲǴƵʧ
и˲һϲá
ҲԽᶨеѾʺλãΪ˽ϹŴâǽͲ顣
Կ϶Ŵâܽʱ򣬾û뵽âܻᷴҧһڡ
֮ԻսѲ˹ϵ
ΪһȨĴ󶼻ǾԲеġ
ЩͷԺӹָܿƽ
ôŹҲδ̫ˣֻҪλãԺ󻹲֪Ҫ϶ˡһ೯͢Ѿʺ󶼻λˡ
һ䣬ʱһƬͷ̫󣬵λ̫ߣϴʦвʱ򣬼ѹ˶
Ըһѵˡ
үӢȷʵ̫ʺλá
âǧ㾡ȫǸ֮ǣʹƣˣթ˹׶ͽϵߣ󲻵飬úүɱٶˡôˣȴâɱǧˣһ۾֪
컹ںүǰҫв
ҿүõĶѡ

˷׷׵


741 
ˣ
˰֡
Ҫ쵹Ϊ˽𣬶Ϊڷָ£պȴǻи
պΣأԸвԷسɣȡ㣬Ӧвֻлõķ
ЩȴǲԪ˵
Ҳá
а
飬δâܵĳ֣Լµİ۱ȷʵһѣƾ֮ǵķͻӦԲһЩ¼ġ
Ҳǰҵ˾ˡ
а
ʱ㣬ҵ˴ѵҲӦòˣһʿҲӦóˡ۱ݺ£ѷڴʳľţ֮й֮޲ܹȸǹǵģԭأҲֻеԼµġˡ

Ƭ֮һֻŸѸٵķ˵ķ

˵ְǷӣڿʼǲ˵Ĵ񣬶һƵְҵˡǵְǱЩûԼͨˣ
ԽԽΪǿߵ񣡶ˣҲˣ
伲磬֣ɽÿһְҵˣÿһְҵռĿ꣡ҲÿҪɵĿġ˲ߣǼģŵĴģս߸˵ĵ𣿡

˴ɽУҵ֣ͦ׶ɽͰ㣬ʱʱ̵̿ɢһɳصѹʵǿҪѹǣҲֻҵѪӲԼ˸ġͨ󽫡ˡ
ʵϣжҲûд̶һ£ҵˬֱԸҲӮ˴𾴡
ף
ҵһ䣬ǰǧ±ųУһӢˬӦӴ쳹
ӽһµʱ䣬ǧ±ܾ񣬻ģ˴˶֮ԵľǣǸӵ㣬ӵıͦעϣҲעط
ܺã
ҵĿ磬Ѹٵɨȫɫޱȣ
ڣҲϵĵһ죬ֻʱ䣬ֻҪһ㣬ѵʧܡжĹУֻҪһĴңʧܡ𣿡
ף
ٴκӦ
ʧˣгͷ㳡ϵЩӦ׻ʲô
ҵһָָԶ
壡
ԶͻȻһЦԭʮ±ʱ׷׻ߵͷƲһɫڨڨȻû֮ǰ
һʵǿһСӣˣͨĴ񣬵־ٸһǧڻ¡ԸˣκͨͨĳͷеЩͷûõģҵƫ棬ûʹͨķʽ
ѵûɣȻҪȴ򣬵Ǹ̵ˣǾеľʿһЩͨͨŮӡˡЩ˵ͱӣһѪôںüͷᶯһ£ǿЩŹȵŮӡˣҲ̲סɫ
ð˳жȴĿ±ŮŹһֳ衣ҲҵҪ̸ǵĵһΣ˵У
ֻΪ˵УȻΪ˵С
ĶҪҶ
ԽܣñŮ˴򣬻ҰƤ

ɽȵıԵһ˴Ůü󺰡еĸףе÷ˡҵҪ˿ӴģԼĶӣ˱Ů˿Ӵܵˡ
˫شѹ£ҵµǧ±µľĿŮ˿ȴ򣬻ȥ
ڣʼ
û˿ԥҵɫ࣬һֱָָһͱϵĺɫСƣͻȻ
ˣ
ͻ𣬸ոջߵͷƲͷǧ±˲䰺ͦأʮ㣬ѩг˶־䣬ҵʩֱۻµͬʱһʮ±ðǵֱһһݣʱɣȫ£룬Ѹ¶ȥ
ʮжȫһ£ûһ˿һĲأ²濴ȥʮλһ£û˿Ĵ䡣ˣһ˱ۺͬʱڶĲ岨ǧ˵ĶͬһŻģӵĵ̺һ㣬Ź⻬͵±棬ٵŶˡƮȥ
ǵģǡƮ
ǧ˶ٶȫһ£˵ĸоˡϸȥͻ֣ᷢš̺ʵУУĶУͬоɵġ
ͱڣΣޱȣԮȥѾأ˵¼仹ĶˣȻǧѵص±ȴˡ

ɽпһĻ˴ˣɵ÷󾪺
Ƕڳɽ֮У¼ԮԽƽص˴˵Ҫһ㣬ҲǳסһԮף˲һ£ͬʱԮǾѶˣһԮǾ͸ϼѡ
ȻڣǧһԮȴܱһһˡǶ˵ⶼǲ˼ġ
һɲǣ˶ɽȵ׶Ǹ׶ľ׳Ҳĵĸе𾴡

һɼٵ±ֱա
һ룬룬룬룬룬룬룡
һǧ±ĶУ׳磬Ѹٵĵ¡

һ˱¶һжʱ־ĵģûаǧ±·ɽΪһ壬ûа촫
𣡲ɽ
ǧ±Ѿȫ㡣
һĻɽ£ҵҲ΢΢˵ͷ˴ѵ˽һ£Чү˵ģЩȷʵģѵսʿ

˼ʱͻȻдһ󻩻ҵһ̧ͷֻһֻŸӿзӶ¡
ţ
ҵƤһ֮ʶʲôһֱֻۣŸϣȻŸϲǷż㣬ϸ
ٹ飡
żֻм򵥵֣⼸֣ҵжʱȻ
࣬ʱˡ
̧ͷҵ¶ǧ±ǧգһʱҵ֪ڸõ֧ӳʱˡ
ӣ
ͬը쳹Ⱥɽ
ʱ֮󣬾һȺ˵ע£һ֧ǧ˵ĴƺƵ뿪˴塣һ̣˭Ҳ֪պĺ˻ģأйһ̤˱ı䡣

ʱ֮󣬵õҵعϢġվڸ߸ߵĸ֮ϣֻԶһֻȫװĶ飬ƺƵڹ̳ϯǧҵĶ飬ɢϢȴˡʮ˵ľӰ㣬ǰɽѣޱȡ
Ȼ˵ģǧ˵нٶȣȻǲУٶȴޱȣһ㡣
֮ϣ˿һĻ˶̾ޱȡ


742 ³ҲϢ
֮ҲоһЩаﶼǺġǾļоҲЩ˵һС룬ӲһڼٵıУȻĶС
ǧʵǿʿͬĶͬĲǰʱֳݵģ
˼飡
ЩʿǿнֹȻһҶûСүǴôĶ飡
ǿƣֱϹǵİ۱Ҫ
Ǻүİ𣿡

ǽ⣬Ĺһ̾ޱȡ
Ǻүҵ˱𣿡
ϳǽϣ֮ӳǽЩӶֵ˱ипѡ֪˴ڵģ˴ʿҲǵһμ
ơֲúүصɳ
֮а
Ǿɱҵսģ֮սܹĹ£ںڻģ϶Ǿеľ
Ǿپ϶֮ĸоУҲȲ֧ҵ죬Ӷֵ˾ӡ
˱úܿ죬ֻһ;֮ǲˡҲʱ򣬺¡Ŵ򿪣սųԪ˴ӳ˹ȥ
ү
壬ҵ˹ǰһ
ĩҲѾɶ˱һ׶εȫѵүġ
š
˵ͷĿҵƵǧ˱ϡֻ˱ʱѾȫͬˣִȫףѾߺǸĳˡ
ˡ
ҵļ򣬻ͷ
ҵȷʵǿڶ̶һڰǧ˱ѵӣнֹɽûȷʵδͨ󽫡
ȥϢɣ֧ӾͽҰɣ

˴񣬵µ̲һ͵ġǻûרΪǴ书ҲûǴ˹⻷Ҫǡ
ǻûеõһ˵Ҫս
¾㱸ֻǷ磬ֻǷ³Ҳս
а
ǧﹲҪǧƥսҪõͻսֻк³Ҳõ
ʱ䣬ҲˡҲ֪׼ôˡ
ͻʴԭ֮һı߽ߣͬʱפͥͻʺıЩƽʱǣƣʹñ߽˶άźƽ
ʱ򣬷Ϊȡս谭ǧƥսһСĿôȺͥͻʺľӶĿ
λ󶼻Ĺϵ֣ʽʮа˾ŻΪѣôսףȾ͹ͻʺһأϾڵͻʺڴƿǵжԹϵ
ھֻܿԼֶˡ
а
֮У³ҲΪͻʴԭϵĵһ̣ӵܵսЩ߷ĶĿ
ھǼЩٵʱˡ
ˣ
ܿعŶһ֣ܿʻ֮ڡ

һ޼ʵͻʴԭϣããҰޱ޼ʣһֱӵصľͷʱ·ǾֹģĲԭһһ٣Ϸƺһֱʱľͷ
ݣ
֪˶ãͻȻһߺȴ˲ԭϵƽɲǼ䣬غ¡ܼУǧƵսߴƤë⻬ӶϷȺķɱ
ݣ
գ֮һߺȣϷһȺߴͻսȺӣɱһȺȺսӸ۶
ֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬еս۵һ𣬻㼯һ޴ƥսȺ

ߺУһսȺΧɱȥϵȺֹɢ
ͣһƥսѾȫӸϵǶսҪѵֱӼͿˡ
սʱһͻ׳ںХĿзѸٵĴȺһ˫ϹͭãЩ̬΢΢Щͻǰͣ
һƣͻУʾүܻӭĹ˼ͻʴԭϣܻƣͬʱܵ件ӭģֻһ˲õǾͻʵһ̺³Ҳ
ãҸ߸λҺ³Ҳ񣬳ģҺ³ҲԲǣڿ֪ͨλеһʽˣ
³ҲһƥɫĺѪϣǰããȺźˬЦԭϻص


֮󣬰һƿյһֻӷɽڸ֮ǵĸۡۡУһĬĬķһ˼Ĺġμǡ
һרΪԼġ
ͻȻɽ鷿ĸӣƤһ
³Ҳ񣡡
ֻŸϣϵһɫ˿һ۾˳Լ³ҲģʱԼϵ
ô죡
һ˿ɫѸٵץŸ룬ȡ˰ϵż㡣³ҲдŤŤżȴҪģ
£һսһƥѾ׼׵ԿʼףһֽǮһֽһԽս͵µĸ֮ǣ
³ҲȻģ´ƵĹٷѧ˸Ĳ񣬲ЩҪҪǣ³Ҳ׼һƥͻս
ҹȻûˣ³ҲȷʵЩҲҵæŷǱרȥ
ż㣬ϲɫ³ҲǸһϲ
һƥսһͻսɲһСĿôսͬҹеĴһ㣬Ѳע⣬رͻʿɺһ֣׾͵ֹ
Ǻ³Ҳͨ죬Ȼô̵ʱռһƥͻս˼ȻҪԽս͵֮ǵĳ¡
һСľϲ
Ǻ³Ҳ𣿡
һͻȻҵ⼸ͷУҲ֪˺³Ҳ顣
ţ
˵ͷ
ͽ㣬˺Ǣһ¡
ĩס
ҵĵ˵ͷս˵жҪ˵Ҳףںͻ˵νףҵ廹Ҫӡ
ţν漰һƽ𣬵ʱ³ҲӦûҪǰ֧һ֣ƽ֮ǰȥȡͿˡǰ漰ͺ³Ҳ֮飬ȫٳϡ
ֺ³ҲӦ֪ô

Ȼ³Ҳͻ˵һ̵ͷ쳹£ҲûȫͬҲ˸ۡ
³Ҳʲôʣ߰ʲôıƣҵҲȫԴ
ǣ
ҵܿ뿪ҵ뿪֮ͻȻƿӣߵ˴ǰĿ⿴Ŵգд˷


743 һƥͻս
ںͺ³Ҳĵһνף弫Ŀءһνûʲôıƣһ˳ôļƻĿʵˡ
³ҲܹһͻսһԴڶ࣬˵λͻʵһ̵ܹԴԴϵĴͻʴԭôսֲϱ
ڴ³Ҳϣ㲻ʧ
૵
⣬ӿˣ
˭Ҳ֪һ籩ڴңԶˣϯ

³ҲȷʵԤһڵһ֮ܿյ˺³Ҳĵڶš
һαװ鱦ḷ́쵽˸֮ǡڽеһʽ֮ǰ³ҲϣʮƽĶ
һ˲С飬飬ʮƽɸǰˡ
ߣҪµǣ벻ðκηǾԲܵġδܹõ棬ʮƽʵ㲻ʲô
һʶͳ֮󣬽׵ϸںܿȷʱǵڶϣʱڸ֮ǵһｻףһֽǮһֽ
³Ҳ񺣻һҪϣڽ׵ʱԵ
ʱʱһζܿ͵н׵ʱ䡣
ºڷߣǹһĿӸ߿кХ
ҹһӰųĶУĬĬĵȴš
үȥôˣЩͻôûг֣᲻ǲˣ
ڵȴʱ֮󣬳Ԫ̲ס
ǰͻ˶ţ֪Ǵƺͻڽս״̬ǣʵڿɡ᲻ֻΪʮƽģ뽻׵ĻҲӦˡ
һԣҲ͵
ԼĽʱʱھҲ˶ˣ³Ҳ񻹳ٳٲ֣µЩ
ǺǣİɣʮƽѣԤĽ׽ȣֻǾţһë㲻ʲôԺ³Ҳ۹⣬ǲƵ۵ġ
ͦ˫֣޳ڽĲԵôݵĶ࣬ѾʱҲ˿ķꡣ
ͻ˺˲ͬûôǿҵʱԼʱȴһֱϵڣȫǵ·ԺӴĶҲϰˡ
嵭
ھ˻ʱ򣬺ͺҲǴġɢûʲôʱȾƣһ˵ڶȣԼʱ䣬ҪƳ죬ɡ
⣬ԭϹޱߣݺ۳ң￴ľɫһֵطɢˣʱĹǲˡ
ʲôʱ³Ҳõôʱˣ巴Ļɣú³Ҳǲʲôıơ
գ
˵ʱ򣬺Ȼһ󼱴ٵҹɫдͻȻ춯˵ע⡣
ү쿴
֪˭е
˳ķϸȥֻҹɫһϸСӰԶ۶ȵ˽˿ķǺȻһƥëԣޱȵս
ս۵Ķ̬ˡٶȣǲսҲܸоĳһƥƷֵս
սգܿ˵λñ۶ƥս˵ж¶Իɫ
˻ƫƧӦóʲôս˵ҹֻһƥսʲô˼
³ҲȻˣûп
һĪɻ󲻽ʱ䶶˶ͻȻʲôЦ
ǣ׼һ£һ͵׵ʱˡ
ǣү
ǿһװƽľӣʶ˵ͷȻ׷ʲôǾ˵ְǷӡ
Ҫʲôٷ֮٣ۿ۵ȥִС
¡¡
˵ʱ򣬽µҰݲ΢΢ڶһ͵͵ĴزԶʼʱޣǺԣֻǶ̶ʱڣǵ͵͵Ĳͱ˾İĺ
쿴öս
ͻȻ˽ܿ˶ˡҹɫսӰӰ´£飬Զ۶
ĴغЩսһڷ
ӣּˡ
˻ڱսʱһĴЦͻȻսĺ󷽴ণͻȻһĳХԶԭ˰㣬۵糸ڶսͻȻ֮Żٶȣҷֳֿһһɡ
Щֿսм䣬Ӱս˵ķ򱼳۶Ϊһˣ΢΢ȭͷСĶǰ˦źХͬһ㡣
һ۾˳ͻʵһ̺³Ҳ
ҹȻûп
۾һдϲ͵ץһƥսһԾȥź³Ҳķ򱼳۶ȥ
үСģ
˼󼱣æȥ
Զƥսͺ³Ҳ˫˫
ӣлл㣬̫лˣ
ϣ³Ҳո˵ȥ͸һ磬ܱ
ү
廹û˵˵Ǳͻ˵ľٶһ±򡢹ϵ˸ʶְϵĵ
Ҫţûж⡣
һֻƺֹˣǰĹֵĺ³ҲʧЦ
³Ҳ׷ʲôôͻȻлˣ
ҪģҪġˣҪĻ˸ģıС˰ˡǸ쵰ҶøеļҲȻҡ
³Ҳһ
忪ʼһǺܿ췴Ӧ³Ҳ˵ӦĹܼҩ޸񡣵뿪ʱѹ³ҲСһҩ޸ĹܼңڿԼĺַá
ӣԸ㵽ôģ
³Ҳ̧ͷһ
³ҲЭ֮󣬾ܱԭռһƥս׼彻ףһԼ˽׵ʱ䡣
Ǻ³ҲôҲû뵽죬Ѿ׼˺彻׵ʱһֱΪĸεĹܼҩ޸ȻʱС檣Ǳӡ
Ҫ֪ҩ޸ƹϰ˳ϵĲƸʮƴðŸַգĲƸ
Ҫľ棬˸ۣҹ˼ҩ޸ǰжֱ롣
³Ҳ֮ԱԼʱʱҲǺء
ڣ³ҲԼĸ롣飬³ҲҲʱһ޷Ƶͷ
ԼߵĹܼңԼûϵᱳԼһô֪ģ
ǺǣȻԼİ취Һ³ҲΪֻʹԭк˰ɣң³ҲΪôҵģ
Ƴ˺³ҲһۣЦЦ⡣
ҩ޸ȻܸڷЧԸоĳ³ҲԼ̬Ⱥǰ֮ЧǶƽĴ׶޷ﵽġ
ֻҪ³ҲԼкøУôԼԺͨͻʴԭϣԴԴϵĻս


744 𶯣
һ࣬³ҲȻ廣סǾʦĴңǽ֮ң鲼Ұ尵ʾҲף
ֻͻʴԭкˣƵľʦ֮ͬĺˣֻһױ˺Զѡ
˼ʶľʦ֮УʶԼҩ޸ǶԷġ
ңԼ飬ҲЩ˸ġ
һʱ䣬ǰ壬³ҲָĪ⣬ɴȵĸоھʦܴͰˣԼߵһܼңһСܹ֪ҵҲ̫˼ˡ
ú³ҲֻĪɲĸо
˵˼άͺȫͬʼĻĪ֮󣬺³Ҳܿ
ѣһʲôɵǵġΪ˱ʾҶӵĸлر͹һǧƥͻʴԭսʾл⡣
ӣиоԺǻǺܺõѣ
³ҲһţЦ
һ¾ˣԪ±򡢹ϵ˶۾һ嶼Ϊ⡣
һǧƥս൱ʮƽ𣬶ڵ˵⵹ʲôؼս
ЩͻսмУǮҲһõ
ңǡǡҲڵġ
³Ҳĺˬʵ⡣һ̣ͻȻЩף³ҲΪʲô裬ͬʱ͸ͻʺΪԭϵĵһˡ
ã³ҲĻҾͲ˵ˡݴˡԺ󣬺³ҲʲôҪĻܿڣֻҪܰ쵽ģҶᾡ취㡣

³Ҳԭˣ¾ͱҲ弱ź׵ԭ
Ǽʶ³ҲˬҲжرһ棬ͻȻͻʵһ̺øд
Ȼ֪ܲܳɹΣԼҪ취һıλͻʵһպɱˡ
պĴƣ³ҲᷢӺܴá
һֱ֮ܿ⡣ǽʮƽβ³ҲͬʱҲóԪǲ³Ҳδͻս³Ҳܹһһǧͷսһȫִ󣬼ⱥʵкͱԣϵƤëҲ͹ˮ쳣ǲҲܸоսܸߣ³Ҳȷʵˡ
ˣ³Ҳ˳ڶҸ档
ȵƻ˫׼뿪ʱͻȻͣ½Ųź³Ҳ¶һĪЦݡЦ³ҲУʱһֲĸо
ΪѾǺ³ҲһοЦݵģһοЦݣµҩ޸ͲǱӣҴĴҲ
֪˵ʲô³Ҳһϴ
һΣ³ҲϹϾԭҾһͻʴԭûģҩ޸¼֮󣬺³Ҳж𾴿֪
Ǻǣ³ҲҵĻ֮ڣñŲ⣬ʵڱⲻˣҪȥĻ·һУңҪȥ
˵仰뿪ˡº³Ҳվԭأģ˵
ݣ
Զһߺȣһƥսʿ£̳ܿʧҹɫ֮С
ͣ˻᲻ڻǣڴԭϣû֪ǵټô֪ңЩͼˣʮ֮ڣææʱȥҿ¸סϴε飬˵ֻɺϣµģ
³ҲߣһܾõĲ̲ס
ˣеͻʵǺϲҲı䲻㡣գ߸ϵ̬ЩϲңүǸҲδ̫ˣүô꣬ô˵⣬ǵһμһô飬1000ƥͻս
ڶ뷣ˣ
ϣ³ҲԤеȫͬʧüͷıȸղŻҪģ
˵ĶͻʺĶԭͻʺ
³Ҳһ䣬ͻҲסˡ³Ҳ裬ֹͻʺܹ㣬ڶͻʺʩɺͳεĴԭ³Ҳͬϵǳ
ǰ³ҲѾԼ˺ļܴ󣬺ͺ³ҲϵܽĲ档飬֪˺٣³ҲҲǲ֮ǰʱġô֪ġ
ôص鶼֪Ҳδ̫˼ˣ
ѵ˵ǸʱҲ
³Ҳ
ľ浱һЦҩ޸ġǰ³ҲҽĻ֮ת³Ҳ˼뿪

Ҳ³Ҳ˹ǱߵĶնڰ³Ҳṩһһǧƥͻս·һ㣬һϦ֮ͻȻĸ֮Χ˶һĻһ
һҹǾѾˣڣǾȻôս˶ܵ˾޴𺳡رЩ̽ӣǻһֻֻŸ뼱Ҵ˷ȥ
ʲôһͷսǷôܻôս
ӵ̽ӵϢձնݳ͢еķ춼һһӦǲܡλ½֮ĽͨҪ߽硣ƺ˹ءƺͻʺԼƺ֮䣬򵽴Լı
ôսֲһͷͷôӴùԼĶĿĻôսԼô֮ǰûһϢѵôѵصսǳԸɷ
һҹ⣬һҹ֮ôսұ߷û˿Ĳô£
ѵ񼣣
ǾֻϢġ
ˣĩѾɳǰȥ鿴ǧȷĩ
ڵϣ
Χеĵ˶Ϊ˹ˣͻҲˣˣңԶĴʳ֧Ҳˡ
˸ӵĻУԿ֪սжôҪֻһССķأȻһƥս
ΪλҪĴ󶼻ҲŲһ㣬ֽôýܣ
վڴУǰòӹĲ£һʱסˡ

ʱ˿̣ܵһƥͻս𺳵ĻԶֹ졣
СӾȻͣ
ңԶ¤У溲һ˿ѩĹâ˫̴ֳľӣվ
òϣǸҵĸһܴ⡣
һΣͻȻʶһЩ鳬Ԥˡ
ǱߣʲôӦ
溲ͻȻʵ
Ǳ߻ƣӦ͢ʷڵʣӦû̫ľȥעǱߵĶǸǵõϢ֪֮ӦǴһͨ
溲ԣһ
֮УǸ֮Ĺϵܸ˵
溲ָʶ̴棬


745 ǵĽ
ͷ鷿컨壬ʶȴ
ս̫ˣ
֮ǰΣںϤŵ߹»Լç֧սУʧ˴սº溲Ѿ͢ϣܵõսĲ䡣
սһֱǳ͢Ķ̰壬溲͢ôˣһֱڶûп͢͹ս
Ȼ溲ûϵȻңԶ˿ڱĶ
սǸ溲޷ջ
溲ͻȻ֣Լһֱ͹ãӵĳЩд󶼻ǶĶ
һƥսɲһССܹ˵ġҸ͢дһţһսǡ⣬ҲҵǸȥһŰɡ
溲
⡭ˣѵҪǸСӷ𣿡
溲£󡱵λһԾ
ǵô󽫾֮ǰȥԸӣת֮䣬󽫾̬Ⱦͷһٰʮȵת䡣
Դ󽫾ݣһ䡢ݶԶԶԼĺС䡢Ҳδ̫ʧˣ޹⡣
Ǻǣ˭˵ҪˣսȻҪҪģΪںС֮䣬Ϊ˽Сѹס˳ҲΪá
溲룬

ңԶİͬڹעŸ֮ǵĶһֻŸϷ£ֻŸ벢ûз֥ͷⳣλ۹˫赵Уһĺ佫С
зϢҪģȫҪλ֥ĸ佫ĹĿɸѡȻŻ֥С
һһǧƥͻսôֻĵϢǰЩ̽ӵʲô
һһǧƥͻս֪֪ҪǮⲻǮġϴζҪһսͻףԥؾܾˡ˶飬һδɵʮСôõ
ңзڣôôսͨ

佫һЦһмĽеż˳ȥڰɷ飺
󶼻ѾˣžͲôˡ
ǣ
һΧܿƽ

ңԶıͥϢͬ˱ͥ󶼻˼˳СǺطͬ˼˳õϢͥһı߽ȫչԲ顣
ͬһʱ䣬һֻŸ뷭ԽǧɽˮңԶľʦ֮С

Ȥ溲졢˼˳ĺ˽죬Ȼۣ͢Ҫ
֮Удӳ͢ż㣬Ц
õĵ۹󶼻󽫾ȻôһĬĬţողݴȨƵġСҪս붼˼顣
үҪһ
үô˼һĻƽʲôûиˡժӣҲδ̫ˡ

˶Ƿ߷߲ƽǰԼƽеϰֻ˴Ļƽһһǧƥͻս
ЩսŸյ֮Щ˾ҪҪôôõ£
үɲôãսڳ͢ĹʡڻһƥսⱾΥġλҪ£ºүߺֵô
׶ͬһӴɽͰҵͻȻڵ
ڱ֮ǰڱͥһʱĲ֪һЩսĳ͢
ұͥͶͻʺս
ͺ³Ҳ֮Ľףϸ˵Υ˳͢սȵ۹Ĵ󶼻£»ǰٿĪ硣
ǺǣôҲС
Ц棬鵭˿Ļš
Υ͢սҪЮңǿĴעˡνףǳֻ͢мǣߴŶѡһս֮սų϶ύ͢ɳ͢
ͺ³Ҳ֮ʽ˳ĻﵽʮʮƥսӴĳ£ᷭ
Ӵͼ˱˵ġսļƻУǣߴţɳ͢
Ǵˡ
ο屳ǻһ
ˣﻹһⱱ󽫸溲ţֱҪսүҪ𣿡
һԣͻȻڵ
˳͢ʩѹ֮߻յ˸溲Ա巢һţϣһЩս
󶼻֮УҲΨһһ˽ŵˡ
鷿˲䰲漰۹Ĵ󶼻û˸˽Բ졣־֮飬һһӰԶǣԼˡ
˭Ҳ顣
գ
ʳжָ棬¶˼ɫ溲Ȼ˽¸ţһֹϵ£ս֧Ԯ
̹˵൱⡣
Ȥλ󽫿ȫư
૵ȴ΢΢¶һ˿Цݡ

ͻȻ򵥵֣ʯ׹£ڴмȻ󲨡
ү溲ǺˣôǲⰡ
Һү𣬽ڶʹ¼ǻŶԸүء
򲻿ɰ溲ڻͺүԣĳڶû뿪үս̫ˣ

˵ԤϣҵŨüһΪ⡣
үԸ溲ԸǵĺôʱԸô죿
ҵ
溲ţ϶ҾҪôˣСˣС
ңǹ˽˽ϴεĴսΪػ¤Կ˹أ˲ײ䣬սȴôסҲҪսԭ򣡡
սһģȴΪ溲ΪҴơҪһǧƥս𣬸ǧƥҸһǧƥ¤Щոġ

ۣӵ
¤ǴƵϣ溲ı¤Ψһػ󣬾԰Ƶ¤ա
ܣϾ¾ͻݣҲԸǧսҪԭ򡣶һһ飬û˵
¤һս£˹ɳݷѾõĴ󽫾Ϥŵ߹»һսԱɵӰ죬Զе
ӰΪ̫࣬սز㡣ļУһ£һ֧ǧҵ˹ͻ˱ķ¤ء
ʱΪز㣬ŵ֧©֮㡱
֧˹ﵽɱ˵ʮׯֵ÷з˳͢Ϊ¤Ұ
ʱþ¤ĻʦЩ״ʦܴĺ䶯пǷ˶ᣬġ
󣬸溲Ҳܵǣ뿪ְ͢͡
溲Լд濴̽ԼʵΪսȱﵽ˼ΪصĵزԲŲѶΪ֮
Բ溲ȴܲеǳ¤Ұ
һ嵱Ȼ鷢ǧƥսԱӦֲϵȱˡ٣Ըǧ˹Ӧ㹻ˡ
ү
ºͿˣ
ĻóϷǣԶԶ˵ģҲĸԸԭ֮һ
Ϊϵİ㾡ҲƣðΣգμ֮սҲΪ˵۹Ҫʱº͸溲˽ԹǴκһ˶ġ


746 ӥСӣһ
ҵ¾ͽȥˡ
תͷ
ǣү
ҵæӦǡ
˸֮һЩ飬ܿվһ⡣
ڸýһˡ
壬ܿ߳˷䡣
֮ǵǽѾɣ˾źͻսҪĶѾԼеǸƻڿԿչˡ
˽һ֮أΪһƫΪ˶ͻʺ˹أ׵ĸıҪϵĻΪԼδᷢ˹֮սóֵ׼
¾㱸ֻǷ硣
أ
ƿţģɢһɫżֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һźС
ӷתԶԶģֻǧ˾˿ڸߴͻսϣ½Ͽѵ
ǰĵϣ飬Ƶľ׮Щľ׮ľ׮֮ľ򳤻̣ĵطͨһխĵطֻһ˫ͨ
ľ׮ķֲûκεĹɿԡ
׮ϱӴģѵĶѵⱲΪѵ˵ĵһΡ
ϣ
ֻһ˻սͬʱԾУֻЩսػǰ󣬺ңЩľ׮бò
ڳɽ֮ݺͿٵ񾭷Ӧʱ򷢻ӳ˾޴á
Щѵõľ׮жխҲЩľ׮жܼܴҳһ·Ĵд
֪ţʵǵһνӴս
ϣ
Ƭ֮һҵĳ˻ȫ׮У˳Ծһ΢һ⣬Ƥëûвˡ
ã
˷ͻȻһԵĻ̾Χ۵ĳǳػԼҵĸ֣ҵĹ
Ƭ׮Ƶľͷʼʱ򣬿Ƭľ׮˶ԡֱЩеľУʮеľ˸Ե·ϣԶ˴׮ûдƬľ׮
㳢ʮ֮˲ų׵ģ֪Ƭľ׮ԶϿȥô򵥡
Щȴһеϰеľ׮ȫסǡԱ߿ôãΪֹûпһսײľ׮ġ
ǵķӦٶȼֱǿ˷ָ
ʼİڵϤеĳǳػҸ֣ЩƾճֵͶء
ȻеѵԶֹ׮һ֡
׼
ʼ

գһ󼱴ٵ̳һȫڼףֳֳǹͰϣԶȻɱ
䣡
Χ˶ûзӦֻһӰʮĶ棬Уһ߶񣬼Ӳޱȵľ޴ְ壬λúȻݣŤһž޴黨黨ĺȥӡ
ĿЩѵһ߼ǰУһȥ
ɱ
ɱ
һĺɱУԶԶģֳľŶԷɱȥˣ˽ɲǣһͬһֻèݵĴһһĽǶȣŶϵʿȥ
Ȼصһ־ڱصõһȻˣûﷴӦһֻͬ˹һļ򣬽ݺݵɳȥ
һ󣬱еڵϷʮȦס壬һ·ڵۡ
˾սʿʿ
ĶǶЩḻϱ˵ҲǶе˵ȴ׾١һ㣬֪ҵҲۼʶٴμȻⲻ˸оĴ
ݡٶȣӦЩڳɽ֮ȻѾӵ˳Խ˹ذ۱ľԼͻƣκֶԱ⡣
ˣԽˣ
ԺͷܿйһƥͻսϣԶѵĵطȥ
֮ǷΧ󣬳Խͨĳǳ嵽ϡʱ򣬴ĺô˳ֳǳڲеľ¥ջ֮ǰӵ㹻޴ĳعǧݺ۳ңκεĴѵ

սԾȥھѵһٶɵʱһƻĳХͻȻ쳹Ͽա
յ
˷ڽиѵ׷ԾֻϢ֮䣬˼ᣬųһУͦưվǰλͼͣԼҪС¶ĳ羴
ԴӴ˴Ƕ˽Խ࣬Խ֮ǵĳһҹǣ˵ĲԺյݡΣ˶֪£ǿģָӵʮսʿʬ塣
еһУǳԽģǶڹ˵ҲˡΪԼԽչ¶Щ˶
ϾҵҲĲ£ҶĹƳмӡӰ죬еӾ
׼ڿʼһ飬ʮһӣһ飬ʽ飡

ǣ
ܿ죬һı𡣶˱ʱܿŤͷһԵҵ
ʼɣǼȥɡ
ǣү
ҵ
˵ͷ˵仰Ťͷûٿ˵ѵѾﵽһ̶ȣѾ˰ų£صΪġ˹⻷̸ǵʱˡ
˹⻷ǻǧ½ǿ֣ڣڤ˼룬˵ʣɵս⻷ֻ˲ѧϰľѧ
۱£ǵġ۹⻷޹ϵʳľµʥս⻷ͬʱƥ˽ƾڵսʤǡֻ£ųǿ½ġ˹⻷µ½ǿġǲпѹƵǡ
߶ֵסĹ⻷˵˹صİ۱ˡ
ণ
ҵ¡˹⻷ʱͻȻһ߿ļХӿд飬ֻ֮󾪺漴һֻ͵Ĵ׹ڵϣѪģһ
ͻȻıʰѸĹһȴһüͷûһ¡
̧ͷֻԭڸ֮Ͽգʼ겻ɢ̾ϿյĸӥȸͻȻֳӪҲɱļڶ

쿴һֻ
ͣ׷ʲôˣ
սˣ

յ䣬˳ͷйͻע⡣ڸ֮ôãѾϰͷϷЩǴ䵱Ŀĺࡢӥȵȡ˭Ҳû뵽Щݺڲɱ


747 ӥСӣ
ž
һֻֻֻһֻֻݲҺŲϵĴӿеڸУھԵǣ൱һֵݶͷϿյΧһֻһֻ׹ڵϡ
ˣһֻ࣬ǰ㣬Хţֱĳͷ׹䡣Ȼû׹䣬ͱͷһεϵ£һߡ
үӥСѾϣ֮ڣͿԽ֮Ͽհ֮ڵӥȸȫɾ
̧ͷʱһģ΢΢ЩԱߴ
ȸҲӥĵӹһԵɫͨ죬߲ѡϴΰܱҹɫָ֮ǣȸ˹صı߽飬Ȼܱصʧְ
ȸһֱڶѡ
һ齨ӥСӣȸϣܹıԼӡ
ɡ
嵭˰֡
ȸϾᣬϴâϼ޻Ķ֣ټϵһζִûо飬˹֮ı߽ҲϤʧ󣬶˵ȫġ
齨ӥСӡ̡
ণ
һ߿ıϴע⣬̧ͷֻǰͣȸϣ޾ɵֻСɳӥſļݵĺΧͱöӥȸ
ͻ˵񣬸߾˵ĺ࣬ӥȫֻССӥĹ¾ϳۣѪ죬ӿе
ֹˣֻӥΧӥϣо̰Χӥȸ
Уи񡢺ࡢӥ䣬Щ򲻹ӥȸŴѪԶݶȥ
Щָ֮µġ۾˿ڱȸӥСĸɸɾ
ɵĲԺ֮ǵϿվͽˣסԺҪٷͬĴˡ
ͷҲص
ǣү
ȸͨ죬֪Լڻ½⡣
үģȸҲͬٴη
һ˻֡ȸܿȥ
ھͲǱˡ
а
£֮ϿЩӥȸˣھֻʣ³Щĳˡ
ԺӹЩͷкܿ촫Զһ󾪺
Ǹʲô
ǿˣ
ſңǵ׻

⣬һŭȻӦǵһᡢԵ
ن£
űǾ춯صľ죬ϣһУٵ˷ȥǲ¶һЦݡ
γֵĿɲֻǸ֮ǵЩ˴Щ֣ƲҲСǸǻƲ컯ʯЩ
Ϊ͢ԱܹĶǻƲͲһ˫£֮ΧĳҪ˶þͻȫһաԼļƻͿԿչˡ
֮ǰ֪ͨ½ʦԼ޿н¥̣һļƻԿʼˣ

ǣү
ɶȥ
ˣ׼
еĲðȥڻعͷǰΪ˧ڶڿʼҪѵ֧ˡǿıʥԼǿľţССĸۣ֮϶Ϊһ
һֻȶһңԶ˰ķ籩һ̳壬˭Ҳ֪һ𣬽޴ĸı䡣


֮ңԶ¤һһֻŸϺХ£û뵽С
ˣţ
Уյµţ溲üͷһ漴ƺµʲôЦ
ˣСӿһ㶼ס
ԱһĲЦ
Ҫܸ˲Ź֡
һţ϶淢йһͨҿûбҪ鿴
ΧһȺĽ׷׵
溲Ц
ǺǣҪģȻߵǾĹ䣬õǳ͢ϵͳǾͲ˽¡ǽΪи̼䣬;ܶδҲԵСǱСˡ
溲
˵ҲãСҪǶԴΪƾʱ˲͢һѵ
׻̫ᣬû鰡
Χ˹Ц
溲ֻǵȻһЦҡҡͷܿż㣡
ˣϣ
ƪһУ溲͸оһɷâ¶ζ
Ȼˣ
溲΢΢һЦ⡣ȥֻУ溲ʱͱɫ
ˣô
ǲСӳԲѷ̫ˣ
ڽһֱעŸ溲ɫԣ뵽ʲôһɫ
˱Ͼǵ۹Ĵ󽫾λȨأºͣСӸòԼ֮ң˵ʲô̫ԵĻɡ
СҲ̫˰ɣ˵ֻ˵˵ѣЦȻֱ
Ϊ۹º͡еس˵˵ĻСҲ̫ˣ
һŭѣ
ֻССıԹ䣬߷ڿ༸䡣ֻᵱЦ̫һʶǿ˵ɫȻֻССıԹڿô򵥡
һ֧ھȥ֮ǣССڴǰ
һı佫
ˣ
溲ڿڵһ仰ʱ˷˵Ĳ롣üͷ壬ƺʲôԻ󲻽⣺
ǸӲûҡ

Ϊ⡣Сӣոյһƥս˶˵տڰҪȻܳס
ңܳסĻʲô
ǡǡ෴ѾңҪһǧƥսѾ͹ˣҡһǧƥս

һɲǣһƬ㵡
ĸսһһǧƥ
ôܣ
Ҫ֪ǧ˵սѾ֯һ֧еȹģŶˣѾһսзӰ졣
Խ˺СӵĹϵĻƽǧƥս
һǣ˶Ǵ㵣ֱԼĶ䡣
ˣ
һ佫Ÿ溲Сֹ
ȥɣ
溲ûж˵ʳжָǷż㣬˹ȥ
򵥵еһţܿдһ飬еݣ˶סˡ෴ûκεıԹ֮ǣ෴൱ƽ͡ҪǣȻĴӦ˸溲е
ˣûпܡֻڲƭǣ
һ佫ͻȻСһ˵е
ϸ˵˺ǸǵжԹϵĻô𣿡
ȻҲЩɣСӦò̫٣ϾǽŵڣǾŵһԾŶοС
溲ҡҡͷ
ʦеĴңرĽ֮ңԼŷ磬Բɳˡ


748 ɽԭͨ
ǣˡ
һ佫˵ЩʲôʱͻһĴٴҴææһ˵ڡ
߰ⷢǧƥսԷ˵Щս͸ǱģǱգǸδã
ٹڵϣл͸¶ɻ
¶֪ȱսսôˣһǴȫ벻ķַǳãȻĸо
ˣ
ٵһ䣬šϢһ⣬ݺݵб佫ϣÿ˶ɫӣһĿⶼ˷еĸ溲
Сˣ
һɲǣ溲ɫ֣ޱȡ
һֵԶԶˣǹ˽˽ӵǱǵöࡣ
Ǹҵӣ溲ڶûм󲿷ֶ˵飬ǶΪ飬ۼΪʵңϵ󲿷ֶԶﴫǸ浽Ŷã˵˭Ҳ֪
һ̣溲òϣԼһֱ͹ˡ
֪ԼĹϵѣȴܿڴ֣¤ԼƵķϣԼǧһ㣬ûй˵ػǾġ֮£Լ֮ǰľٶԵСˡ
ȥһţлл˵ǧƥսˣǷһ顣
溲ииŲѡ
ǣ
һӦܿȥ

¡
ҹʱ֣Ƶʹһ죬֮ǵĳźȻһӺڼۻ룬ɽһ㣬滺۶ǽ£һȦȦĺɫ⻷ţһһһƬ
ڶǰУһʮ꽣Ŀ˫üޣһ׶ߣͨӴһ׳档
үȥ
ҵڵ
ڳѵ£⻹һ֮ǡὫеļƻ˵Ծҵ֪Ҫȥ
ǧգһʱǵѵѾˣڸýһ׶εļƻˡ
嵭
紵ͷڵĳŷƮ衣ȻŲոʮ꣬ϵϢԽԽȺأҲԽԽϡ㡣
ЩͬʱȣĿܶ΢˿Զ
߰ɣ
һųԾǳ˹ظԭϷ¤
һ·ͣ㣬岻˵˱ȫĬҹ£·һӶ幺ǧƥͻսڴʱ¶ɣֻʱʱ䣬ǧѾо߰˰·̡
ľɫҲϱ仯ʼĻƶ񤣬ɽçç֪Ѿ۵¤ĸء
ԶԶģҹɫУһ޴ɽͲӰƣӳ˵ب֮䡣
үҪȥ𣿡
ҵ̲סʵ¶һ˿ǡ
¤Ǳ󽫸溲Ͻأ͸溲ĹϵʱǧڱϽأܻܿ޴ĳͻ
溲һҪģȴڡ
ƺҵеĵǣһЦĿȴԶһᣬƵɽ塣
ɽ
͵ɽӰԺһͷ
ҵˡ
¤˹֮䣬ı߽ߡ޴ĺβʹ󲿷ֵطԳѶɣ˵ˡ
ҰĲԭ˹˶ȴ˵ˡ
κǿͼЩطԽˣһ³
ȴ֪һܵС԰ȫͨԭأҲǧı߽ϣΨһһͨ
ﳣʽҲ˷֣ҲһżȻĻᣬŷǸͨ
ҪǸͨͱҵɽ
ɽʵû֣ɽ嵱Լġ
ҵȥԭϢ׼ȴҵ
ͷҲص
ǣү
ҵһܿӦһ
ȸ
Сڡ
ҵ뿪ãһװͣһֻӥȸӺ󷽲һγȸͲӥСӵĳԱҲ˳һ
رҹжɻľǱԷ١ҲȸӥСӵԭ
ڸϳʱˣӥӥСȥ鿴һ¡
һָĻգͣҲƵ˹ظԭ
ǣСȥ
ȸ漴ʶʲô¶һ˿˷ܵɫণƬ֮һ߿ƵļХһֻӥ˫ſȸļϳ
ϣĿֻӥԽԽߣԽظɽһֱ˸Ƶ˹ظԭ
âܣڸõҳֵʱˣ
ֻӥʧķ΢΢̣¶һ˿׾Цݡ
һμоֱֻӥڿնʧڸԭʱĿĲű¶˳
ǰһΣ۱ǣâܱóսߡλ˹δĴ󽫾ȴɱ˸ǹ뿪֮Ǻֱڱ߾Ӫأնɱǧɱؽա
ЩȻǷµıǴƵսʿػƵı߽磬ҲΪѳְ
嵱ʱˣߣõϢʱһжѾˣټûԺʹâһսıòʱ
ȻƵսʿԲ٣ֻҪ廹һڣ;κεĴսʿ
ɽɽͶֱͨͨ˹صĸء
ļûصͨȥ˹ظԭľ룬˹رĵطڿ
˹±ѵӪأÿһ죬ʮµʮһ·ݣ˹±͵ϸѵѵ֮͵˹صĸ߽磬˹սķ
⻹еҪĿģҪǣļУڿӭһ±ຣ
˹δͰ۱ģһı֣⣬ѵ֮಻£ͻȫŰĹƣ¤ȫǵĹΧ
ǣպǶԴɵΣԽԽ󣬽Ϊ˹ص۹һͰ۱һԴɼвĴڡ
Ŀꡣ
âܣڵ˹ص۹۵ʱˣ
Ժͷкܿƽ

ণ
һХԶڵҹУһֻӥ˫ſһХৣâһգۼ䣬ԶһӰڿкХ
һֻֻֻֻԶԶȥһֻһֻӥӿзԽƬӥࡢ񣬸ӥȸӦоС
˹غͻཻӥͻʵﲢʱ˹ػ߾ĺΪӵĳ
٣


УӥȸХɫǸԭȴһƬȻļһߺŸĴ쳹


749 ڿ۱Ӫ
ո£ֻƬĴϣһĺڵܲǳǧĺɫӪʣЩɫӪʵΧǱŽһ¯Ż档ڻ¯Աߣһţ䤱Ƥ¯͸ͭɫ˹ڷܽȫģôһס
ϣս˻һƥ˶˹̳ӲԶ۶ϣһ˹ʿɫš
գһƥƥƥƥƥս֮󣬳ǧ˹Хһ˹ﲻͬЩ˹ϵԻûȫɣ׵ɫҲǳĺɫɫס
˹ظԭֻһ˲Żɫף±
ԣƮȥ߶Ƭģͻᷢһ˶ʮɳĺɫս죬裬ɫսϣһֻİͽ䵶ͼĿ
ڿġ±ѵġ˹ص۹ʢͬʱ±ѵӪ֮УģĴڡ
ڿΪ˹ص۹ѵ±ԴԴϵѪҺͬʱ˹Ĵϵӡ
ǻأǶç֧Щ۹£൱һʿǡ
ÿһ꣬ѵ±ܴﵽ֮ࡣ

񶯣һֻɫŸХ£ѸӪģһɫӪ֮СӪһֻźڼ׵ֱѸٵĽסշµĺɫŸ롣
Ǵâܴ˵ţ
Ӫһڼ׵˹ױֱֻͣŸ룬ͷǵģϢɽʹ󺣰Ӱ
Ӫﾲģûһֻһιͷ
ɣ
ΣӪһһƬײӪʵģһʮңϵ˹佫̧ͷ˹佫ɫغ죬ȫ𵶵һźţ棬һֻ˹䵶һֻһسģĺţǴĥ
ױţϵ˹佫˸ƣɿе䵶ͺţױ˹ĿһͭΣյհ㣬η
ǣ
ױֻ͵һۣæͷݣ
ʾ漱ѹΣӣǧຣһã
һͷܵмΣױɫҲޱȣʶŤͷԼ
ٺ٣һס
ϣϵ˹Բû˿ĽЦ
Ȼֵһ簡ҪҪʲô˹ظԭѹʲôǿУǺ˾ˡı漱ңҪûǴĻ㱩ŭҲӦ۱͵ϮǻأɱպǧƱɵĽɣȻ뵽͵Ϯѵ벻ʢŭµķЩʲô𣿡
˵˵ȥǳǼǧຣģ
ӪʱԵ˹ױĿɿڴڽҲһʱˣҲӴĴϵࡢ佫ñţеŻ϶ǹؾأһ˵һûлѱģûнб˽ңһ˽ġ
ǡҪܾ𣿡
ױԥ
ˡǼһԸ񣬲ﵽĿǾɰݵġżԴԴϣܵڿǿ·ʤԸûбҸ˽ˣʲôֶζó
ϵ˹佫

ױȫסˣѾ֪Ǹɱǲɱ
ǣСˡѾҪҲǻġһһŰɣ͸鲻زġ֮󣬵һѵİǧͻ⣬ҪຣҲһɵֻжǧˣ
ຣǴӸǧѡģ츳ԶˡģҲǴѩɽشЩ󣬵ѡǣʿˡңΪǿǵѵҲӵĶࡣҪϵʱܹܳǧˣһ˾ҪǧˣȻڿ۵佫ĵǴӼҵ𣿡
ϵ佫Цһʹâ֮Ĺϵ
˹ص۹˲һ࣬Ĵ֮⣬ӡɵĴҵΪӴ󡣶ҵĶç֧˹ص۹Ĵ֮һȻʱûгֵ۹һǴ󽫼£׼Ժﲻ֪
ϤҰ֮һ
Ȼִâպգγǰιһ˹ܱߵСΪƽأľսҹ£ڸԭأĳЩʱ򣬴ϤҰĵλ±ȴâܻҪȻ
ӹȥڣϤҰ֪Ϊ˹Ĵϵ˶پӣĴԼλ࣬ڴϤҰǿͿǫ֮
ǣȥ죡
ױæ׼뿪
һ£
ƺʲôϤҰͻȻס׼뿪ױ
ȥһǸĴ꣬еϢҡͳͳѼ
ǣ
ױܿӦȥ
ӪĿױ뿪ķ䣬ϤҰĿһ£ܿ˻һͷǰһŵͼϡһžµ˹ص۹ĵͼ˹ص۹ܣ򡢴ʳͻʣȫ¶˳
ϤҰĿӹͼܿ˵ͼϣ˹ضһϡ
ˣ
Ǹǣ˹ĿĴڵĵطϤҰڿ꣬ûһ˾Ȼܹôע⡣
ç֧ʹâѾȥ
ƹһţѵӪأҪڴϤҰһ֮Уû
һжΪһĴꡣ
֪ˣǸʲôˣ
ϤҰԺͷָܿƽ

꣡
һ䵶ӹգһ죬һԴԵľ֦˲һϡৣһͷһԱߵĹľе
ߣͱһֻǿڰץסǸ˶Ĵָһһ֭ҺĽͷߣͷͱƬ
ϣ
עߵľ
ǰעսµʯΪս
ϸϣСΣҪ¶ˣ

ף˭Ҳûע⵽һ֧ǧ˵ïܵɽУŸԭǰһǳСͨŤһӰ㣬¤һֱ쵽Ƶ˹ظԭ
үǻжȥ
УԪСʵ
аʱʱӦþͲˡ

սϣĿⲻͣɨΧΧһжʶȴֲȫһѾһεҲһξС
ȻһֱĿǰΪֹ֮⣬εͨ˷֡仰˵ﵽΪֹһδ״̬Ǵľľ֦ԼʱʱûĶߡ
һ·ɱĶѾﵽˡһ֧ӣԴˡǶڳɽ룬ͱ¼˵һвСưˡ
Ϊֹûκһܹ׿˵͵ϮոЩ·ľٶҲޱȡ
ͨľ޷ﵽġ
幺ǧƷʼѵͻսҲʹһгΪܡ


750 սǰ
֪ͨƲ콫Ǽӿٶȣͨɽĵ·

ǣү
⣬ȸӥСע⣬Ϸõࡣ
ǣү

һϵطȥǧ˵һǰδеĸЧٶȣصСǰ
죬ԭеʱȥͻῴ󷽣ʱеɽ嶼СޱȣʱƵɽһ㡣
ҹڣѾ·ǰʱڵĺѾﵽǧףԭҲѾԶˡ
ʱ仺ȥǧ·СϢǰʱ֮ϣһҵ˻ëԣһƥߴ˶ͻսһܣ͵شӸԭԾ
һƥƥƥƥ׷ԾϸԭһӰһԣһϸԭ
ڵˣ
Ϯ棬սϣ˹ظԭеĿзһӽ̾
ôʱ䣬Լ̤˹ظԭء廹ǵһε
̧ͷոԶһĻͼеĳЩغһ
һһֱǵȵƽٷˣлȻһеһжעȻͬ
үڵ˹ظԭˡ
Եǰľ̲סЦ
뿪֮ǵڣһֱûбоĿģȻһ̣Ծ˹ظԭһƬδľɫһ̲ס巢ĵľ塣
ԹŴӴƽ˹ظԭֻһϣ³صĲŵһ¤溲صĸԭͨһصĸԭͨһǸ֥صİͨ
֮⣬
˭Ҳû뵽Ƭ¤ɽȻһͨǴҪͨû˷ֵͨ˹ظԭ
ȸ·ɡ

ǣү
ȸһ˷ܣ˵ণһХֻ峤һ߶ӥһţѸڿն
ݣ
սգ̳ѸټᣬųĶУӥĺ󷽣˹ظأ۶ȥ
·һζǧûκεɣֱĳڿ±ѵӪسȥ
峿ΪʱҲûоĵʱһ˴ûκ˵ע⣬ֱʱণĳХУһֻֻӥࡢţͻȻǰС
үˡ˹ݡ
еЩӥ࣬ȸͻȻһŵ
ûϵ־ͷ֣ѾûбҪˡ
忴ЦѾԿԶƽߴѹѹһƬӪʡЩӪʵģһ˾޴ĺӭƮ
ڿ±ѵӪأ
һж֪һģһڿ¾˹λĴ࣬뵽
ûϵ־ͷ֣ȻѾҲûбҪˡ
忴ЦѾԿԶƽϣѹѹһƬӪʡЩӪʵģһ˾޴ĺӭƮ
±ѵӪأ
һж֪һģһھ˹λĴ࣬¶뵽
׼ɣһӲ̣
ԶɣһĹâ

ড
˳ڿԵ˹صݵʱ˹ͬˣһֻӥ룬ͬʱҲĺɫӪС
ǰֲĿ꣡
Ӫһڵϱš
ţ
ɫӪУı棬ϤҰɫһ΢΢üͷ
˵˵ʲôĲĿꣿ˹صĸأѵܹƹǵķߣ뵽ﲻɣ̽ǲǵıرң
ǣȥ졣
ҲɫȻ˹صĸأ˹أôֲܳĿꣿҲǸĳЩ񣬻ɾѡ
ҲΧЩ̫Сˡ
ȥÿ죬Ҳ죬ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ŵڶֻϢӥ£ٴγӪ֮С
ѾӪΧȷʵһ֧ɳǰȥǽ棬ǰȥȫȥ޻ء⣬Էɳ˼˿ʼΧڿеĶĿ
ʲô
ϤҰɫ΢䣬ڴǰ̧ͷ
˹ص۹±ѵӪأԷǸ񣬻Ǿӣ;Բ˿ЩѵӪصӥȸҲӲԸЩѵӪɳȥ֡
ҳȥ
ϤҰ֪ԣ͵վƹѸٵӪȥ
ণ
ϤҰո߳޴ĺɫӪʣͻȻ֮һıͷϷϤҰһٿ̧ͷֻһֻɫĴȻֱĴӿ׹¡һ׹ھϤҰĵطǶϽۣˤһѪģʺɫĭ
ণ
ڴϤҰϷһֻСϺܶӥų򣬵ĳԶȥ
һɲǣϤҰɫѿޱȡ
ǳƣܶԷʲôˣǾԲ˹ˡϤҰɫĿѸ׷ֻڷӥŵƽߴȥ
ϤҰڿеĵоֻཻĵطһźɫĳˮӿţڵλü۶
ǰѾȷ϶ԷݣԷ˹ˣ˵ľӡ
ʲô
ǴϤҰѾ׼仰Ȼһе޴𾪡
ˣôǵôƹǷߵģҾȻûκ˷֡
ˣȥ̽Է
ϤҰе
ǣ
һ˹صѸɶȥȥĿ죬ø졣ôľ룬Ҫ鿴Է̫ײˡ
潫ѾԷܹǧˣȫڳǵķѸٸ
ǧ
ϤҰʼɫأ֣ѸЦ
ֻǧȻ͸뵽ԭֱѰ·
ҵȫᣬ׼ս
ϤҰͫһѸٵķˣսǰ׼
Ȼһ±ѵӪأܹл൱һսǿຣ
ܶԷʲôˣҲΣƹطߣ뵽ģΪǧͿԶԸ±ѵӪأǻľǳ룡
֪Ϊʲô˹Ƭԭˡ
أ
ŴϤҰһԶţŽܿ±ѵӪϿ±ѵӪأѸٵ궯սգ˹ʿѸٴ˷սԭɢ±ѵӪأɱڣѸԳһޱߵɷ
ϣս˻һ˵սڿϿգսһսζ


751 սһ
ү˹˷ˣѾѸڼᣡ
ԭϣҵ۳ңĿɫݣȵľһɽһƺԶûʲôܹΪ֮ݡ
ûϵǼᣡ
ȻһЦһֱֻۣɲǼ䣬ͻԭٳǧɶȻ֮һ֮ȫͣеıһ£ûκεĲأһ˰㡣
𣬲ɽһϣǧѵˮƽĲҪ̾Ϊֹ
أ
һĺŽ쳹أ˵ע⣬棬˹˵ķӦҲܿ죬Ӿӥȸ˵ڣ̶ֻʱ䣬Ӫе˹ȫɼᣬЩŵҲѸٵ飬ǧ˹ʿŸԭ̳ƺƵɽ˵ķ
ǧڶãã纣˹ǰͺӨ֮°㣬˲ɫ
ˣԷǳ࣬Զǣ
ҵӶߴ΢΢͸һ˿ء
šǱǶܶࡣ
嵭ɫû˿ı仯ڿ±ѵӪرѵ±ټӪصĿڶ֮䣬Ǽ屶ϡ
ң˹͡ö±ʵԼ˿ѷɫȫͨ±ݡ
ˣ
ԭԷٶȲǺܿ죬Ƽ侪ˡ
գ
ĬĬʱͻȻ֮䣬һ˹صﶥףͻȻУ˵ķϮ
ˣǶԷʹߣ
ȸ
Դ齨ˡӥСӡȸͱʽı˾飬ͬʱ縺ŴٺͳĽɫ
ûʲô̸ģ
忴Ŷ棬Цս˫ʵ൱лʹߵϰߡ˵ʹߣʵ̽˼˹Ǳ߿ʮа˾Żǵĵϸ֪ôԭصġ
嵱ȻԷᡣ
ǣ׼
ǣү
ɫտտһ䣬ͻȻֹȡһž޴Ľ˿ǿǿнӽָҶȡʮǰѪʢˮţƶɣֲԽ˿ǳ֮
أ
һХ𶯣һ̣һ֧ĳĽɫ籼׳磬˲Ϣ䴩գֻһͽ֮˹һᴩӲ룬󾱴޴ֱӽͷ­ôӲϸ߸߷
һĻͻ˵ϣԶãã纣˹شͻȻһϡ
ʣ
һŭ㣬ȻԶȻ˹Ϥĺԡãã纣˹شǰһ˶ɫս佫ŭڣȻγһĿңָԶˣɽ纣Ϣ
׼
¡
һ𶯵쳹أľ룬Ҳ춯صĺ˵ĿУһȦɫľ޴󾣼⻷ɫս佫׹䵽ϣѸٻΪһȦ䵽
ֻգۼ䣬˹սʿɭϣϢһأ֮ǰȫͬն
أ
𶯣ǵͷųӴ⻷ĳźţɲǼ䣬˹һĴͻȻһԶĺţŽԭ飬ͣ²ãã纣˹شŽѸٶҲϵļ٣ٶԽԽ졣
ֻٶȴﵽһߵĵزɽѩһ㣬֮ƣԶǧɱȥ
ɱ
ɱǣ
棡

һ˹Х쳹ԭһϣս˻ֻ˸ԭƽսɱ¾ƺܻ˹ĵǹһɲǣսܼߵѵӪɽ㣬Զ˹
һһԼĹ⻷ϵĴЩ˹ͷų䣬һһǧ˹صϢΪһ壬˲仯Ϊһ޴壬˵ϢΧľﶼģ
ڿ˹ص۹±ѵ֮һܵĿ֮һ˵ڿܵ
ǧ˹һ䱸˰ףı˲κͼĶջԼצļԼ
¡¡
𶯣ããҰݶܵԶϢһ˵ķ㵹
ƺƣȻǧȴû˿Ķһ򶨵ͬɽһ㡣
벻ϵҲԽԽʮ
׼
벻ʱﬣ˸һĳʶֱָգڳӳ£ԣ侲쳹Ƭ
棡

¡һ£һʯ棬ɲԭžȻɽɽͻȻ֮֮һ㣬Ծһɲǣҡضʯ쾪
ǧͬĶͬԾһɲǣϢκζ𺳡
ϣ
ԣս˻ԭƽĸԭϣͻȻ֮սŨܡֽϢֱϢ
ɱ
ԶԼĶ֣ǧû˿˱ܣһԶ֪ηһ㣬ֱĳȥ
һ룬룬롭
ʱȥضǧĽͺܲסһ㡣ǧֳٶԽԽ죬ԽԽ졣
룬룬롭
̳һֻ޴Ȼӿص£һƬҰֱ̤촷ۣһӡȻѸٵǰԾϣһɫţȴǼ㡣
͵ǵһβμսһԼĵˡ
ǣͨ±ǧҪԶԶ򶨵Ķࡣ
˴嵽ǳɽ룬Լͱڵ£ߣԵǻһСľͻԨǡֻ棬˶η壬ҪԶԶСһˣҲܹӦϿս
룬룬롭
˫ԽԽʱԶ˹Ѿһڵˣľ룬ܹԷϵĿסﬣһڵĴ󾣼⻷ͻȻһ׹ڵ棬ȫ
ǵڶĵ̶ֻʱڣǧīĹ⻷ԵУͻȻЩͷųֻһɲǼ䣬ǧϢһϢǿ
ߴŤˡ
ৣ
ɫĹ⻷һƬҰݣм׷ɣǴҰݾͺйһ
˹⻷
ǧ˵µǿ⻷
¡¡
𶯣̳УǧٶԽԽ죬ǧ˹شҲԽԽ


752 ս
׼
һȣͷųڵġ⻷һĺУһɫԵޱȣ͸һɰս⻷ѸٴͷŶɢ
ܵ⻷ļӳ֣Ϣͺǿʱʵٴαǣٶȡݣ
ȻһлԶûнˣգ֮䣬ڶ⻷ٴδ׹£չȫȻǵ
ϻ⻷Ҳ֮ǣԭ侳չ˻侳⻷Ҳԭһ
⻷ļӳ£еʵ˲һ˼ĵزµǣǧͻս⻷£ͻȻĳϣͺһ㣬۵糸˵Ӱ
ͨսܴﵽٶȼȷĻôڵѾﵽͨսٶȡ

ƺҲо˶ı仯˹˵Ĵһľ
ô£
ǵٶȺÿ죡
Щ˵ôģôô

˹Сڸԭϳ˶ǿٶȼ¡Ҳ˹ܹʹսԭ
˹˵ս֮һǶսҲûսٶȾȻǻҪĶࡣ
׼
˹˵Ķ΢΢Щҵʱһϡ侲߿쳹աʱΨһ侲ģֻ±ѵӪص佫ϤҰ
ɫ侲ϣû˿ĲʼգĿⶼңңԶϡ
Ϊ±ѵӪص佫ܱƵľƣϤҰָơǸ룬һƥͻսϵ꣬һ˲ӵ
ڴϤҰ֪У¤ûһô佫ڴϤҰļУһˣܹǸ˶ԵϺšʱ򣬲ܶԷʲôݣѾҪˡ
У棡
ϤҰɫսվУеĳһָǧ˹֮仯
ããĴٶȲûвԵı仯ȴѸٵķֳһһݣһһ㣬ѸٵĿ뿿£գ֮䣬ѵӪصʩչ˹µġС
˰ɡ߰ɡɡ
ԽԽɱҲԽԽŨңһƽĸԭϣ˹˻ÿһ˶ܿԷһƬƬףҲܿսëڶԷϢɼ
ɡİɡɡ
ԽԽÿһڵѪҺҪˣ˵ĿⶼζڶԷϡ
ɡһɣʮɣ
ɱ
ʯ쾪еʿ˹˻˶еĵһ춯ص˻
ʱ˿̣ѾŨҵԸӵĵزʮɵľڴ۷״̬˹˺˵Ҳʱѡ
벻ϵʮɡʮɣʮɡ
¡
һ춯صľ죬ʯ쾪ǧɵǧ˹ɵͷް㣬ĸԭϺݺݵײһ
һɲǣսıײĽ˫ʿĲҽ֯һƬ
ԤϣͣƵ˹شֻһͱǧ˲䴩˵һС
еڴǰ˹ȫڽ£ϵսʿһϣѪɡƬԶĸԭϣǧһ¶Լѹġѹʵ
˹ûпͱ˫⻷гΣȫ
Ҫţסţ
棡

һ˹ؽ̼Ĵ쳹սȻûȵǵս¡ǧɽ㣬˲䴩˵ڶУǵ㣬Ĳ㡭
ǰ˹˵ĹͷֽƬһ㣬׷ѡе˹赲һĴ
ϣֻǶ̶ʱڣ˹սʹﵽһ˵ĵزǧǧǧ
ôܣôôǿս
һɲϤҰɫ
˹˵սûһ֧ǰһӵ˿µʵ
һһ糱ˮһ㣬ս˸ǿĶ֣ҲȫԽֵĳ赲ֱٶȽΪ㡣
ֿҰûٶȣ·һ֧Ƶ䴩ʮζУٶȴûԵļ
飡飡飡

صײУ˹һ£̤һƬҡո£¡¡һսıǧ˵˹ش˲䱻ı䴩
иУ
ǧ䴩˹˴ɲǣ峤һȻһ䣬ǧڼȸٵ£һת䣬͵صͷٶȴû˿ı仯
գ
һٵǧͻȻȡ˺͸ոսȻͬսԡֻһգۣͻȻΪ㣬ֳһСӣһһ㣬ݺύ˹شɱȥ
⻷ļӳ£ǧﵽһ侪˵ٶȡֻٿĺǧȻٴ׷˹ش
Щ˹˱ǳ˳ɱȥģڸٳĹ£β׷ɱϮ󷽣ʱһƬҡ
¡¡սҺŷ׷׵£˵ٶȱǿ̫ˡ
СǴӺˡ
ߣߣ
⵽ʲôӣ
ôٶô

˹˶֧˾𺳵ˣ˵ӡУٶȾٿҲһ޵ģ֧˾ӣȫ˵֪
ûһ֧һڸٵĳУ䴩Է֮󣬾ȻܷͷѸ׷ϣͺȫܸٳĹӰһ
ȫǶ֪
ӣ
Щ˹ԺΨһͷ
¡¡˹˵ĺһƬңȻһлֻǿʼһвϵпѪ⣬ǧֳһٸСӣͬһһ㣬ݺύٳ
ӴҲֵסȻ𣬵顣
սٳԼ⻷һǸܹͨġ
ⷽȫѹ״̬
ǧǧǧ
ǧ£˹ȫɾӿսڣյĹǧ˹رѾʧ˰ǧˣĿڹѩ㣬ٵ
һɲǣ˹˵ж͸¶ľ֡˵Ŀ̫ˣ֧˾ӵǿȫԽ
ˣ
˹ر䴩һɿĵطϤҰ۾ˡһֽ棬ΪƾӴԼеĳ赲Ժһ˲佫ǧһ
û뵽ԷȻԼһ䴩ֿµٶȣʹԼҪ


753 ս
ټຣһֽ֣
ϤҰŭϣǧ˹±սʿеķŭûκʿܹ˹ظԭ˷رԲΪˡ
ЩʲôˣΪЩ±ܹҫƬԭϺ޼ɣǾʹشˡ
һ֪ʲôԭף
¡¡ŴϤҰʣ½ӽҵ˹˲䷢˱仯е±ʲôѸÿ
ǵĺ󷽣̳һӴϢ·籩һ㼱ǰֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬һ֧ǧ˵ľӣཡ˶𣬼۶
˹ͬ±ѵӪе󲿷ִ׶ǰƷֻвףֻвʿŻᴩȫ׵ס
֧ȫǼصİɫףƷҪǿöִ࣬ʿûеġ
ĻǶͷеʿͷУӽüĵλãһĴָСİɫӡǡ
ǧɫ׵ʿɱڣŴϤҰλü۶
ຣ
Щɫʿؿλã˹дšຣ֡
ຣ
±ѵӪǿҲǴâı
ຣͰ۱һҲκε˹رֲһǲǴ˹ĴϵϸѡģǴ˹غμߣຣġ
ຣһֱ˹ص۹Դ֮һʿʵǿ츳ߣ书˹ʿȻͬٶҪϺܶ࣬ɾҲϺܶࡣ
Щຣʿһֱ˹еľ佫Դ
ຣ⣬Ǵеຣʿǧѡġຣʿͺ٣ǧຣѾǼˡ
һΣϤҰƾԼʮ±ѵӱУΪǧຣѵ
ϤҰҲǼ䰮ԴȻѵûɣеļȫһελеĶһ١
ǧñһʱھ͵ǧຣóʱˡ
һ𣬻ɱˡ
¡һ£ϤҰԾ˳ɱȥ
ͬʱһ࣬ݺ۳ңң˹ɱô䡣һ˹˲ϵļţͼˣеķͽͣи󷨣Χ˹ˣĻᶼûУͱ䡣
˴屾ͺųƴǿıԴأе˴ʵԶͨʿҾ󲿷˶нӽ侳Ϊټ˹⻷⻷֮ѾȫԽЩ˹
˹صֵס˵Щѵе±ˡ
¡¡һһӵ˹ϵĵ¡ˣɱʱͻȻ֮䣬һĸоӿ
У͵̧ͷֱֻߣ̳һɫս˹佫Ŀೣǧ򣬴Űɫ׵˹飬ǵءɽ㣬ãã纣˹Լķţ
ͳһźɫ׵˹УЩս׵˹˿ڲͬĿ
ຣ
ĿƮЩüĵİɫӡǣԺ͵һͷͰ۱ͬǼຣģǵĻΧֻͬʱ¤ȻֻǾһƳȴ˼ӡ
Ȼͺ֧ǧսϴຣȣǰຣȻûдﵽǿĵزѾʾֳΡ
˹󶥼֣ÿһ֧ɼƻŵսϣȫս򣬺ʤܽ֡
ຣΧ̫ڴĩڣ֧ɼƻͳһµ³֣֧ຣȴԶûдﵽĸ߶ȡ
һȻʱᣬ;Բ֧ຣٴŰ£Ϊơ
ڣ
û˿ԥڿຣɲǣһ£ԭֳʮɣÿһˣ·һݺύ񹥻˹˵ͻȻ֮۶ǰһ붼ǧȻڸٳ˾ٴμᡣ
ɱ
棡
ս¡¡˫ײʱԶеĶҪöࡣֻһ춯صľ죬֧µĶͷľһ㣬صײһ
䣡
󶥼ײɲǣ˭Ҳûע⵽һӴģκι⻷Ȼͬľ޴ɫ⻷ͻȻĽ±ͬ쫷Ѹٷս
ֻһκǰͬǿɫ⻷ǸӵԼϣǼӳֵ˶˹ϡ
ˣâһ˲Ϣ䣬һ˹Ľ¶ʱһ𵴵ɫΡǧ˹ʱͳ˳ǧɫΡЩɫĹ£е˹ˣǧຣʵѸ½
ã
һĻϤҰһԭɽຣҲɫ䣬˲ʧȥԭ򶨺ʹݡ
һʯǧˣϣһҵ˻ھ޴𾪺ʹ£ǧຣжʱһ˿ңһЩຣоϵı仯ķŻٶȣȻ󷽵Ȼżߵٶȣһһ졣
ϣֻһҵ˻У԰ټƵຣҵײһھ޴Ĺ£һ׷ײҽţսͳս£ǧٳս̤Ծ
ȻЩֻǿʼһ춯صĺɱٴμǲɽ͵سǧຣӪС
¡¡
û˿ĻɣҲû˿ãϣһһຣ͵ײһײȴɽ͵ıҪ飬ֻһ죬ս׵ຣֱӱ׵ա
˵ԭຣԺһսĻôڡ֮С⻷£еຣʵѾȫ޷࿹⡣
飡
ܼײ˻Һ֯һһƬƬ֮Уδµຣ˲ķѣһͷһͷߴ˶Һŷ׷׵£ǧຣɾһƬҡ
쵰
ʱ˿̣ԾŭĪڴϤҰˡຣ±ѵӪأڿʵǿı֣Ҳδ˹ǿı
ǵʵԶԶԽˡ
ôҲû뵽Ȼຣֵסǡʲôʱ򣬴ͨͨһ֧ӾȻô
ǵʲôˣ
һŭ춯أϤҰһгһ˲䳯âʢĵطնȥ¡һģ͸ȻӴϤҰϱ
񱩵ѸٵչɵķΧ
ϣ

˻ҽһƬڰɵķΧڣƤһ·߷һʮɸߣ˷ɿȥ¡¡ص׹ڵϡ
ˣ
Уɫ΢䣬оˣ͵ĵͷ͸صսһ۾Ϳһݸ㣬Ŀߴ󡢽˶˹佫һƥɫս·һ𲻿սʤĵħبڴǰ


754 ۸
˵Ĵڣ˲ıǰԵսǰ˹񣬵Ǳ˹佫һ裬΢΢һ졣ֹˣ˹佫Ĵ£˹ʱʿһٴ뺣㣬׷Ի۵󣬾Ȼ֯һսߡ
ߣϤҰ
Ŀһ䣬Ŀӹƥɫ˲˳±ѵӪأλߵ˹ؽ죬ûλҵġϤҰ
ʹâһͬ˹պյġҡ
˵âܡ˹ص۹ޣһ蹷һߡһϹܱôϤҰ˹ص۹һ֮Դ
ϤҰۣʮ֪Ϊ˹ص۹ѵ˶ٱһһͨ˹ˡսʿ󾭹ϤҰѵ˹£ս̸ܱɫ˹
ΪϤҰĴڣâķӣܹûк֮ǵĶս
ϤҰѵӪʱ֪ܳϢУλ۵ڴս¤溲Զûгʱ򣬾Ѿڿۡ
õ꼤ս¤ʿУвѵġ
˹أϤҰʹâֵ˳ΪӶۡȻǰߣսǴϤҰв˿ڴâ֮£ĳ̶ֳϣҪâܡ
Ȼˣô˵áֻɱˣ
ͫһĿ˲ǿҵɱ⡣
ϤҰʵǿոһȻâٶʥ侳ΪԼҪߡʱ廹治һĶ֣ӵǧǿġһѾȻͬ
иΣ
һ£еŮɢ˲ɢɢͬʱϣѸٻʮҵС飬ÿһС鶼һ˲䴩˹˵Ĵ֮С
仯֮죬ս֮ǿ֮Ĭһ̣ϤҰ̲סƤڸԭʮּ꣬ıѵ
ǾѵǿıһôѵأôĬôļˮƽıԲͨӪ߽ܹѵġ
Ŀã񣬾Ȼܹ˵ıѵˮƽԼߣһһȺˣ
ֻһ˲ϤҰͻع
ɱ
ϤҰĿгһӣֱָķѾˣǸʮȺ˧ֻҪɱЩȻսΣԽ⡣
ϣ
ս˻ϤҰһһ㣬ԾȻȥ
ߣ
һ࣬ҲĿһЦžһĿµսȻͷһһֱߣ·һ㣬ŴϤҰֱȥ
ɱ
һ˻أ峤ӳֱָϤҰ´ճ
¡
ϣ

λٶȺ֮죬룬˵㲻ʲôֻһ춯صľ죬Ӱһڿնҵײһ
ﬣײɲǣ˭Ҳûע⵽Ϲâһһҫ۵Ĺ⻪˲ͷŶ𵴶ӵ˴ϤҰĽ¡
ֻһգۣϤҰʵһءǴϤҰ־㡢ȣ򶨣һҲɫ
佫⻷ڽսɲǣû˿ԥͷŴӡ֮ʯеõǿ⻷
¡¡
ҡض˵ĿУһҫ۵Ĺâ˼̫ʹϤҰײѸ
ƺƣҵƬһƬ񱩵쫷磬дΧڵս˹ˣֻຣȫɳȥ
ߣ
Σգ
ͬʱҲǿ֮Ľ֣һ־壬׷ӱܡϤҰʥ侳صǿߣڿ꣬⻹˵һμ֡
Ǹꡭ
Ȼû֪ʲôܹʹϤҰ࿹Էʵ֪Ȼ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ƺƣܵɲǣͻȻ䣬ÿ˵ĶжһԽĳ˻
ϣ
Խ˻УһӰ糤һ㣬߸Ծ˻ûзӦʱ͵һݺݵŴϤҰݺݺ˹ȥ
¡¡ɽҵͻȻ㾡ȫһϤҰ˲ɫҵʵͺܸߣֽ˺Ѫȫһ£ϤҰͬʱҵ˵ļлԴϤҰʵҲʱΪá
ˣֻһգۣϤҰࡣȻһлԶûнϣһ˷ԶԶȥֻǧΧ˹شһɲǣͻȻ֮䵹ء
ǧֳʮС飬ͬʮ׳磬˷ŴϤҰȥϤҰ塢ҵ䵽ϵʱеѾХȥ
䣡䣡䣡
һƥһƥеǰͺһ㣬ŴϤҰɱȥ
һɲǣϤҰж¶Ŀ־壬ҪܣѾˣӿʼǧɢȥʱĿľΪ˶Ը
䣡
ǧսХصײڴϤҰϡֻһĲҽУϤҰϵвѸֻһգۼ䣬ʹʥ侳أ䵽ʥ侳һأٵ䵽˻侳˾أȻء
䣬һȳ˻Ҫߵȸֻֽһʹ̴˴ϤҰ塣
̣ʼԼĴ컯ϤҰͣǣ
䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬ϤҰ˫Ŀſţڵϣڵаϣ뵽ڡ
һ죬ϤҰصĵڵϣ̳һԳǧ侵ȫҵֶĶǣƣǴϤҰĶ佫ʥ侳ǿߣҲһ֧Ųס
ߣ
ҵкһһ۵ϴϤҰʬ壬һ˴ϤҰƥɫ
ƥͻսڸոյĳͻ֮սˣ˵촷ۡͻʴԭϵսȻǿĴʳվǱȲϴϤҰԴѩɽԣֶǿ֮Ľ֣񲻹ǿ¶ɡ
ʸУ
峤һӣٴη˳ͨž˸ոյսѾˣûô켯ᡣ
䣬ֻǧͱ仯һȫµġʸ͡䣬ֻһովۼ˹һѳɢ

һĲҽսײ˻еĽڶһƬдϤҰڵ˹شҵֵסĳϤҰ˲䱻ɱʧȥĹ⻷ӳ֣ʣµ˹͸ӲǶˡ
ԭϵս˲һ浹ɱ


755 âܵķŭ
ˣ
ϣһǰ˹ɾɢܵӣѸջĿ⣬Ŀ
ѪڣϤҰһڣЩʥ侳Ҫϰӵʱ䣬ܳ׵գΪá
ʥ侳ȻǿͻϮ˹أܹɱһʥ侳ĴϤҰҲˡ
ĿԺд˷
ϤҰ̫ˣ书ǿȴ˿ԼԵʲôΪ书߶ںϵġƽʱڼҵսϣʵ̫෽ȥԸЩʵǿĵط˧ˡ
и֮͡һ
ǧϤҰĵͣȻһٻɱǵ͵иΧɱǿеս
δЩ֣Ȼ֪þŵ赲и͡ǴϤҰûʶûע⵽øĽ־ͺˡ

Ҫɱң
ԸͶ

һš־˹˶У֮⣬û֪Щ˹˵Щʲô
ҽڶŨصѪζԽԽŨҡ
ϣ˫գһͬʱ⻷չ˼ޡЩҽû˿Ĳ
Щ۵˹±δΪΪƬԭ׺ݡµĸԭսʿΪܱجΣơ
ĴδгǧĴưգΪµ꣬岻κε
սսʿĺɱ׷п紵ҰݵĺХڶһ֪˶ãеɱرģͲš

һ󼱴ҴҵѸٵԼһʿ£ѸٵĹǰ
үսѾе˹ȫѾֻǵٲɢܣѾȥ׷ˣǷҪ֣
ˣ
˰֣
ձǣᣬʰһ£׼뿪
ϤҰѾսĿҲѾﵽµЩܵ˹սʿսð֡
ⲻǴ˵һε˹ظԭҲһΡϤҰѵӪص±սʿǶ˹ص۹õľ棬ӴԺǽףκζڴƵԺ͹ǲһ´Ƶķ񱨸
ǣ
ܿսɶȥأƬ֮һ߿ĺŽǧѸٴ˷㼯ԶԶȥֻʬɽѪӯҰ˹˺ʬ壬һ䵶ڵϣʬʬ֮䣬һ۵ĺɫս졣
ԶĵطŨ̹ܣȼյѵӪء˹ص۹øʢģӴĶ±ѵӪأһϦ֮仯ΪС
ݣ
ٿһԶһӣѸٵ뿪˹ظԭԭͨ¤
ԭϣҰ룬صʬͿŨҵѪζ˭Ҳ֪ղŷʲô
Ҳ뿪֮󲻾ãԼʱ֮󣬴زսգһƬǵصĺӰԶХźܿӵ

ѾΪѵӪأͳǧ˹±ԼǧŰɫ׵ຣʬ壬Ϊ׵˹佫͵췢һ춯صŭ

Ƭ֮󣬳ǧŸ롢ӥȸ𣬷˷ϤҰսԼ±ѵӪظϢѸٵĴԭ۹
ʲô
ңԶ˹֮Уһ޴ĵ飬ĴУһϣ͵վ
ܵģҲţôܻ£ç֧ͻʲôҪɱǧ±ǧຣԲǼǧƱġôˣôĿ꣬עⲻǵôƹߵģ
ŭɶ޴ĳڲͨ±ҲͰˣǧຣʹϤҰȴ۹ľڣ˹صѪȫ޷ǾȻһϦ֮䣬Ϣȫû
鵽Щ˵Ϣ𣿡
һԵ˹ص۹ҲʵŭޱȵĲɫҪ򶨵Ķ࣬΢΢ָȴй¶еļ
Ϣеһ㶼٣ֻԳȣһױ¶ˡֻǣΣ±ѵӪصĸ𣬶۹һ޴ĳ
˹ظԭƣԶЩܱߵ˹˵Ĵ֮ءѾܾû˴ϸԭˣûзô˹ڸԭϵ¼
һη飬Ѿʮǰˡ
޷ܵǣһֱΪֹû֪֧ôƹطߣ뵽ôĸԭصġ
ش࣬ѾˡѵӪصЩҴ˵ĵӦǧң࣬ʵȴǿ󡣡
ǧˣ
ɫ΢䣬̲ס
ѵӪص˹ˡԷҲôˣҲͰˣֻǧ˵ĻǾδ̫ˡ
ǣѾʹüˣóĶͬĽۡԷӦԶԶǡ
⣬ѵӪӪأһţ͹ѵӪصĺɫսϡ
ȸϵڿ˹Ԯ


һԮĽܿǰ˫ֹһż㡣
ŷ⣬ܿ쿴żϵֲ˹Ǻ֡
ڴ˵ЩȻ⡣
˹λߣԶʱˣʱͬһսǧսʿɱսνҲյϸԭϴһݣλЦɣ
壡
һͫһñɫ
ֿܣ溲ǧﱼϮɳΨûϵ֡
壡
˹أܵĹעȸ溲춼Ҫ࣬Ψû뵽Ȼ
֮սŸոսûãԭϵߵڶûн־Ȼٴγڸԭϣһ˵˹ص۹ʢ±ѵ֮һ
ˣ
һɲǣ˫ֽգɫ࣬ɱǡ

ڿ±ѵӪصıʣ˹أһֻ̲ңԶıͬյϢ
޴ıʣͬǿҵ𺳡ֻ𺳣м˵ķŭ
壡
һ춯صŭɲǼ䣬һɿµģŻ͵رһɫӪըķѡ

Χһ۱澪̷׷ȥϤҰս±ѵӪرˣ˭֪ŭֲҲΣյʱ򣬱ϾͬաӡͬԴҡ
壡һŹģ
Ӫڣâ˫Ѫ죬ɱӯӯֱɱնŤԶԶȥӪΧĿһƬģֻһӰվڿУȴȫâܵӡ


756 սܽᣡ
ѾﵽСûκһ仰ֻǽ±ѵӪµǷţԭԭĽǧսʿɱսµű˲ףâô᲻⡣
ָǸ˲
û֧ƬȴֻǽŽ˼Ѿ¶ɡҲȥ
壬һ㣬еĴΪЩڵģ
ƺƣâܽץǷţҧгݣ͸¶ɱ⡣ѵӪرˣϤҰɱǧѵеຣɱâĶѪ
رǧຣպѵǺİ۱һ˹ؾ񣬾ȻȫնɱһûзŹ˹𶯣Լâܷԭ
ֻɱһգǧȻ˵ѵӪأϤҰǧຣһ±ᡭֱ
´âܺųսޣսҲоԳܡ
Ϊֻȴش۹
壬һɱ㣬һɱģ
âҧгݣֻйķͳ嶯
ᣬ׼֮ǣ
Ǵˣ֮Ǹ߶̣û㹻ĹеҲƹǡңϴνѾŭ󶼻죬ȫǵʵƲȥ
ΣǾͽ죡ΣҶҪƸۣ
һ䣬âܼŭų
ǴƵĵ۹󽫣ǺͶç֧ͬһĴڣʵ»Ҫǿһ㡣ç֧׺֣˵׼ĴâˡǴâܸܲЩ
зôҪɱҪɱ
գս¡¡ֻƬ֮󣬴âܾսɱȥ

ͬʱңԶ¤ǡ
ˣԭ춯ǵ˷˹صľڸԭϷ
һҴҵĳ뱱УϢڱһɧ
˹ʲôһεսŸոսôѵ¿ս𣿡
¤أս꣬˹˳ţڸԭϵһһĹ۲졣˹˵춯ڱֻһ壺
һµսĿ
ӲսΨһǷŭǣһսǲŸոձ˲ã־˹˵Ұѵֹ
ˣȫ䱸׼ӭսɣ
˹Զѧ̣һҪһݺݵĽѵ

һĽȺ鼤ߣŭѡ
һ£ûв֮ǰȲҪ½ۡ
溲üͷ
Ȼ˹˵ľٶܵ뵽һµսΪ¤󽫣溲ܵľ쵽һ㲻ͬѰ˹ȻսаղȥһΣ󽫾Ϥŵ߹»ѾߣûоԵƣ˹شԼǰռ˱ˣ˹˲Ӧô嶯
̽
溲
ǣ
ܿɶȥ
ԼʱһµϢڡڶδϢĿɿڴ
˹±ѵӪˣǧ˱ɱ佫ϤҰսǧ˹ؾຣһͬսʬءѾȷϣӪǧˣ˹ڵѰҪҵǧôģ
Ϣ˵ǱЩ佫溲һĿɿڴ
Ϊ¤פ˹ص˽⣬ԶԶԽκһֻ֡Ҳ֪ڿ±ѵӪض˹ζʲôֹһΣ溲ҪͻϮ˵±ѵӪΪ̫Զ̫Ӵ󣬺ױ˹ط֣Լܱ˶˵·ȵԭò
սĲϸ֣ݣ֤һ溲óĽǣ
±ѵӪزǲƣҪϵıҪһͬʱҪ溲ֵ۹ԳΪش󽫴ϤҰʥ侳ǿߣҪʥ侳ǿ߲ſԶԸ
ǴϤҰˣһӵǸ溲ԶǧԱΪĹɣ׷ϣֻ̾һϤҰβӡ
ʱѵӪĴۣ±ĻҪࡣ
仰˵ѵӪظʵ
ڣѵӪؾȻѾ˽ˣҶԷǧ
¤ı˵ûб㵵Ϣˡ
£ţϾôԶϢǴ˹Լڲģһĳ²һ˹صõģԲд
𣿡
溲üͷƬ̺
ǣǸ²˹Ҳ˵˵ˣ
ڵϳ
ˣ
ˡ֣һžʯ׹£͵۾
ˣôܣ
ǲˣ

˵ĵһӦǲܡ֪ڵ˾ֻһˣǴһˣұнӴһֻʮ꣬ôͻԭ˹ظأɱô˹һǧ˹ǿԴؾġຣ
ؼǣôǣϢͻȥģ
Բдǰĳͨ˹ȷᵽľˡ
ڵϵĳͷæ
һ䣬ڶʱһƬţ溲ڣ˳Ĭû˵
˳ǡ塭ǧ±ѵӪء
Щ̫ĳˡ
һֱ˵ǸСӣ˶Щӣ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼܹ˾˵飡
һϢ̫ˣ

벻
˹ظԭϣվһƬͻأ±ߣ·бòڿǳԭͬϢҲʱ˿̣ûбȻиΪӵˡôҲû뵽һսŸոչȥãȻٴ塱֡
վҪսһУ
ͷһ̾ͻȻץһԣǸͻ״ʯϵ䵶뿪

ϣ
սʱ˿̣¤ڣ˹ظԭڣҲڿ¤ĵ۹ʹʲôĳȻ帽ȴһƬڵļս岢ûм뿪Ǿͽ帽
帽ɭççڸգǧ׸ߵĺβʹüվڸԭ棬£Ҳֵܷˡ
սʧô𣿡
Ľ£һöʮɵ£ټߵĽ죬š
һγȻ忴ؽع̡


757 ˷ԭӦİ취
ϮѵӪаʮˣǴϤҰʱɵġ⣬ʮˣսսģѾһˡ⣬˵ķ˺үṩĵҩҲѾõ˾Ρ
ǵ
ߣڷ涼
үնɱˣܹҲһٶʮˣʵǺܾˡ
ǰսǺǿ󣡡

֣˶̾ѡѵӪԼȻ˲һٶˣʵǲ˼顣ս֮ǰս˵ȥ¸š
Ȼһԣ֣ȴ΢΢üͷ
ֱĻҪ
սͲǲͬġӲ棬ɱһǧ˰٣ǳе¡ʵǿĲһսҲʧءͬǼ
һѼһҪôвоӪһпͻԶԷɾ޴ɱΪĸ٣һζܴܵ˺Լһʮ򲽱£󣬲ʧ룬ʧǧֻ٣ⶼǷǳġ
Ÿողݴаʮˣʮˣ߸ս˵ԤеȣЩ
ΧǡԪҵ˶ĸоüͷҵҲզࡣҪĻҪߵöࡣ
ǧߣ˲ŲһٶˣĲˣȻ㡣˵ȥƸĴ󽫡ǿ¶Ҫˡ
ѵŲ£Ҫһ⣬ȸֽ鶼ӿˡ߶뾡˹
а
ľţȫԱװȸֽɱ񣬷ɱֻϧЩ֣ʳ۹һȸֽҲ֮ʧԼĩڣҲûװЩ޼᲻ݵȸֽ
ڣһжѾһ岻ΪµȫԱװȸֽһװϼ᲻ɴݣ˹ذײ֪ǿٵġף֧δﵽǰδеľ磬֧ųǿġǿ
ҲΪˣ֧ӼĿءϾ˴޵ģÿһһЩеľôضǲΪġ
ǰѾˣһǳżȥġʱ䣬Ӧһ¾ͿԷˡ
ӹһĨѩĹâ
һǰ⣬ĥƮģҲ˸ֻնмΪѰЩӵĵλãҲ˷µʱ䡣ڣ˵һεĳɹ;飬ټˮ֣һѾȻͬ
٣һβϴ裬Ҳûϴôʱ䡣żȥٳżأҲĸµʱѡ
ڴ
а
˵һεĻڶκͶʱȵһλҪö࣬ŶҲҪӴĶࡣζţи԰˻ҾҪȵһζĶࡣ
ԺЩͷֻһָ
ˣӸԭڵô𣿡
忴һԵǵ
仰˶ʱɫ΢΢һ䡣
ǧˣܹһǧ˳˸к⻹ٶ˳ˣȵķգҲ΢΢Ĳʡ
û˵ԪһԲڵ
˵Ҳ֣ڸԭϵʱûг˸ԭ֮ǧȴ½½ĳֲָʷӦ
Ϊ⣬ԪһѽѾܾˣһ硣
˵˹ظԭ͸˹˵Ӧ֮أԪǰûʲôоʱ̸۵ʱ򣬻֮ԱǡѾû˸ôˡ
ǧʵĿãһ˸ԭ֮󶼻ӣ˵ˡ
үǸԭӦ𣿡
һԣҵ忪ڵ
ʱվã֪һ㡣
š
˵ͷһĨɫ
ԭӦȷʵǸܴ⣬ΧѵӪ֮󣬾Ѹٵ´˳˵Ҳйء
˴ڳɽûʶԶԶԽͨˣ屾ΪǲôصģڿǴ͹˸ԭӦس̶ȡ
˹˽ԭΪ֮أκνԭ˶ܵ䣬ƾֵգɹ˿أǲϵɧšܱߵڿȻ
үԭȷʵ˹˵أǿºڸԭϳڶ
ǣԪһǵ
Ĭ
ԭӦصĻȷʵᵼ˺ͣͣġصĺǧ֢״Ǻ΢ˡ
۸ԭӦжôأ˵һĸ߷塣
ǰǼճˡ
а
ʱ˶ڸԭӦһ֪äĿη״̬ԳԵͻ˶Ըԭһľη
ȴָ֪ԭӦʵа취˷սʤġ
ֻҪؽУԲܹĻһ֪̫࣬һЧ
죬ͷظ֮ǰɡ
忪ڵ
ǣү
˹Ӧŵ
ɽϢգƺƵܿ췵˸֮ǡոջص֮ǣڸ֮ɳĹܼҡ
ү
Ϲܼ̤壬һ
ܼң֪ͨǼչһ
һ̫ʦƶһյ״ɱһֻűĨĭ
֪үҪʲôֻҪܹ쵽ģһǣ
Ϲܼһɫ
ǵôأֻҪǼһС
Ҳûӣֱӿżɽ
һ˹ظԭĺɫС쾰졣
쾰죿
Ϲܼü¶һ˿ɻɫ
̻򣬶һָƣȴû˵쾰֡
үˡҹªţǣ֪û쾰ֶ
ϹܼҩݷҲԣҲֶϹܼҲûӡ˹Ķ࣬ʲô쾰죬һӡ󣬶ҾԲǴ
ǺǣûǾ͸ãֻҪǸǼ͵͵ȥͿԡֺɫСǸԭһֺܳҰǼ˵ʳģιԣսͨġ
˵ţԱߵĳһŻֽ˹ȥ
쾰ѾˣǼȥԲд
ˣүȥ
Ϲܼ˻ֽܿȥȻ˺쾰Ļһо׶ˡƾӪֻҪֶǾߣҲһҵ
쾰Ȼû֪ôõʱ䶼ʽⰡ
ĿϹܼ뿪΢΢˱۾һ裬һ˼
˹ظԭһձ˹ص۹κ۹˽뵽ʵĴʳˣҲǿľš
֡աûа취˵ģ쾰ְ취


758 ֮
˭õָԭϷǳģҰһĺɫСȻܹ߷λϸĻԼӦܹ˹һڸԭ
ַڳ֮⣬ڻû˵֪
˹֪һ뾡취ȥֺ쾰죬ҲûзҲ뾡취ܣôʳ˵չԭ
ͻȻڻû쾰죬һչ֮гϾͻִֶ
һһ˹Լȥɼۣ´Ƕ뵽Щ֮ȴԸǡ
¾㱸ֻǷ磬ڸýһ׶εļƻˣ
²豭ʳָ棬һĨĹâ
ȸ
һ
үСڣ
ܿ죬һСӰվһֻӥ˽ƺѾڴ˺ܾˡ
ǵ֮ǰҸ˵ǸƻڴӥСӣȥ̽ɡҪʱ֪Ķر˹˳Ļ

ףүģСһʹ
ȸԾԾԣһ˷ܡһȸȲܿ뿪ˡڣԽԽӣʿΪ֪ԣ彻ȸκ˶

ʱȥ֮ٴƽ˹صı߽磬ڷ˼ζݵĽ֮һָֻ
ش˵Ŀⶼ˹أԼطʱ򣬾˹رϽǣӸԭͨĵطϸСĺӰĬĬĹ۲š
Ǻүĵط𣿡
ԭ£һӥСӵĳԱͷŶʵ˵վ֮⣬Ǹκεص㣬һ˹ûС
š
ȸ˵ͷ
￴ʲôⰡһ˹ûУѵɿ𣿡
һӥСӵĳԱ
١
仰ȸתͷһͬ飺
£ôɺүˣڶûСһǻغʹޣĽҲˣ֮ǰһâܣֵܴϤҰүɱˣ˵һѵӪء
۹ǺүŸƨµ۹Щ󶼻󽫾ǣиԭϵЩ˹شǶҪа졣ү˼άû˸ϣҿɲȥɺүľ
ȸĻӥСӵĳԱɫΣ˵ˡ
ͺү͸ֵ͸͸ףҵǸʲôģ
һӥСӳԱȸĸ첲һֺõ
ڴƾʦڵ۹λĻǴıԶǣ֪ġ
ܶʱĺܶжͨͨѰѰº󶼻֤ЩĿȷָ˼Ǻľ
ڸ֮ڣϾ֮ʱܶ˶²үжʲô
⡭
ȸʱԥˡ
͸ǰɡ
ѽǰɡ

ӥСӵĳԱ״׷塣
⣬ˣҲƲģǿǧҪ˵ȥ
ȸԥ˺ܾãǼܲס˵壬˵˳
ϸһ飬һܴΡүо̣Ե޹ʵľΣֻҪɼˣضѹ˹ʱԴǣ򲻹ͳȥȴѹȥҲĵվ
ȸϾǳӥ߶꣬¼Ҳ˽˺ܶս飬رǻһΣԾϵ飬ٻ˽һЩ
ȸĻȻĿ࿴ΪȷȷʵʵµһЩ
ǾҲûðүռҲزסѵү׼ｨһǱɣ
һӥСӵĳԱ
ǣռҲûãǰ涼ƽԭ˹ս棬£ǲ𣿡
һӥСӵĳԱ
ҾͲ֪ˡүô϶ԭܹ²ģ
ȸ
ǻǸϽү㱨Ҫǵ˺үļƻǿ˭Ҳе𡣡
仰˶һЦ˼
ণ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һֻֻӥȸ˵ļϣֱϳ

䣡
һһҵ£ͨϣ䣬Ũ̹ҰǰңһŸ첲䤱һһҵĴš
㣡
ʹʦѾ߹ˡ
ǴˣҪŪˣʦĲǣԺɾͲˡ

ƽݣżҵĽһűӣһ¯䴩Уһһѵ

˵䣬ͻȻһֻӷ£ĿһֽŸӣͲŷ⿴һۣɫѸһ䣺
ҿ㣡ѾĴŴˣ첻ʮְ壬˭Ҳ˯
ɿеıӣڿкݺݵĳһ£ڽѲ˼Ȧܿ뿪
ӽż˴ſڣֻſʯʨţʯʨǰ棬һŵͣţڵʲô
еģ鶼Ѿװ𣿡
ܳŵһļͳʵ
װˣʱԳ
˫޳ɫͳɫ
ģ顱ַڼ֮ǰû֪ʲôҲû֪ʲô˼ڣֻǺͶйأû˲֪˶Ѿϰˡ
еĽ¥̡ңѾûвֵ֪ˡ
ˣɡɲҪ£ǿɵǺĴˣǳӣǧҪ©
һ
ܼҴ˷ģѾʮ֣Բʲô⡣
ɫļͳ˵ţܿ´˳ݣһߺȣӻĳգӺ¡¡Ѹٳ
ϣ
һ˻쳹գżҵӳһһӵųո£ֻݣ͸ĳһһ֪
ĵطݿһһżĳӣ飬һɺ˿֮·һ·ңԶ˶ȥ
һӴĻתÿһߺ棬ңݿ͡ѪҺṩ֧֡

ЧʱеĶҪöࡣŸոսȥ֮峿Ϣ˯ʱһֻӣľ䣬öӶʵʵһȺ˵Ļ£ͽ˸֮С
үҲպүָ˼ĺ쾰졣Ǽ˵ү£⡣Щ쾰쵽ǲǺүҪģү˵㡣һȷٴģɹԴԴϵҲ١
֮Уܶһ¥Ϲܼҹһ񣬳
š
һףûж˵ֻǻʾһ¡һԣи֮Ľ˶սʿ߹ľӵķ϶һ죬꣬ľ쿪¶ĺɫС


759 ţ
״۾΢У˫ֳŷ֣ͻȻվ˹ȥһ죬̽һͳһѺɫСɫ״еһģһֻһӣҲûдϹԭ
ңʱֲǺҪ飬ЩҲģˡ
У
ǺɫСյǶˣһᣬûζŵģȴʵĸԭϢеһģһ
ˣ䶫ȥɡ棬ŵȡ⣬Ժÿﶼҷһ㡣
ͻȻػ
ǣȥ졣
Ѹٵ˹
š
˵ͷſϹܼң
ǼҺ⡣İⶫ˹ɡ
ǣ
ϹܼҴϲʣǵĶҶˡ쾰죬ֻȥչŻף˵ģֶڸԭ洦ɼľҰֻϢܿдո
ңڶ˵Ҳͨ㣬Ǽ۸ֱ˵񣬼һףͬʱջĺøУֶΪ
⣬˹ʲô𣿡
ʵ
غүʱûСʳһ糣үģ˵ˣ鼴ȻǺүԸģһǣȫȥܴʳǱκεĶ¾һֻӷɹˣҲһᱨүġ
Ϲܼɫһ࣬Ĵ
šʱ׼ţʱҵٻ
һ˹غͻʵȻҪҪģ˹ʹʳġϹܼǱߺܿ뿪ˣȵһߣʱ˳˼ʳ˵ΪֹûرĶر˹Ǳߣûдʳ͸
δȾʳ춯ûκζ仰˵Լ㹻ʱ䡣
˵õϢˡϣⳡ˹֮䣬Ϊҵĳ֣ܵʲôӰ죬±ʡ
а
Դ֮󣬺ܶ鶼ıˣҵˣˣϵˡĵǳֺЧӦе¼仯رʱ䣬ǴĿǰ˹֮սӦûûг̫ı仯
٣ȰڣԼҪ˹أͻӦûʱġ
ԤԤϣȻʳ۹ǱʱûжҲòԤȷֹ
Ƭ̣ܿصλϣԱߵ̴ʼϣȡһ֧ϸǺպպŨīȻֽܿддһδıģҲ֪ûãܲ˵λ
飬ֲòΪǳҪɹĻⳡʷ϶ʳʹ۹֮ײ˵ͿԱ⣬ûǳ˹֮սٽʱһӣ㹻ʱԴӦԡ
壬ִ󽫾ƿ
һȥ¡ܲͬһʱ䣬Ժ֮֮ʯΥͻȻ𣬵Ǻκһζһһ֮ʯƺС˺ܶ࣬˼ζ
עޣڿʼÿȥһ룬۳10㣬ȡ㣬Ĩɱ
Ȼ˰
Ժеע⵽֮ʯǵı仯֮ʯõĶǡ桱ۣ֮һΣȻֱӾͿʼ۳㣬һÿ۳10㣬ˣʵȫˡ
֮ʯĴǲġ桱ǵһγˡע⡱س̶½ܶĴʡ
Ҳ²һģһ
а
ôʱ䣬ϰ֮ʯ磬ҲĥһЩɺ͵˵֮ʯ¼жеȼģģʧܣֱĨɱһûʲôֻ㣬硰֮
ǰĵģԴ㹻֮ʱѾǺˡ
ڶ֣нʧܻᱻĨɱ硰۹衱
־ɹ㣬ʧܾͿ۳㣬硰вɱâܵ
ʱƶ֮ʯ±Ȼһ𣬺ʣԼ顣ҲȻԼԤϵһ㣬ȻأԼ»Уÿӿ۳10ֳͷʵ΢
ң֮ʯõҲǡע⡱ǡ桱
Ѱйɿõġڿ֮ʯϽй¶ЩӰԶشʷ¼Բ룬Ըı䣬ȴϽй¶Υĺ൱ء̸ֻۡй¶ıһϵд¼еصһС֣һ޹ؽҪķʽȥ򵥵˵ǲ򣬷¡
ЩͷԺзӶܿ쾲д
һ۵600㣬岢ٺܿ۳㣬˵һԼ֤еĲ²⡣ַУҲζţԼһı˵ķʽ
ҪǣܹãǶ㶼ⲻ˵ġ
ϣǸܹȥɡ
ߵ⣬ܲ껹£ǽϣЩҲѾͣЪڵ۹ɳĮڵһһǷǳġֽл彫żϸСͲܷ⣬ܿɿ˫֡
㶣Ÿƺܵʲôһ˫ԲС۾ת˼ȦͻȻſ򣬻Ϊһ磬гѸٵʧС


Ŀ׷ֻŸ룬Ļӹصգһ·ȥûͣѸٵĴϿӹȻ󲻷ҹ·˿֮·һ·ңԶķȥڵ۹ңԶİͣ
˫һգɫŸ֮£û·һ֮ۡСǸۡΧܲһףȫװװ˳͹е䱸ɭϣη
ſ룬죬׶񣬸¶ۡȨơ
ʵϣڵ۹ûбۡ߹󣬸ȨˡĴСǴӴоĴʳ֧ˣȫҪܵۡ˵Ľơ
󶼻
ǸۡſڣϣΣ¶ۡ˵ݡ
ǰĺģ۹ȨԶƣ޿͵ط߷ľ񣬵󣬶͵͵Զ뾩ʦԶԶʶ

գһһδƲ׹£׹ϣ׹ڷܣԼܴµˮϸϸܵ˿ɽԶصĽģͬһɫһ㡣
Ȥ
ķһʮңŻףݿ棬ϡȺȨƵӣȤζĴһš˫Ŀټĵ۷ȴͬʱӵԡѪսĴɷźϡ
ݣԭ˺ƣϸʱȴֽȻͬ
Ȼʶ˲࣬Ƿ򣬲ǰǴʳ²ʶ˺٣ֵ֪ľ͸ˣ
֥


760 ۹˫赣
λƵ۹ֱһ֮ȨƵˡ֪İ󶼻ͳ˧ľ䣬ӵж಻ʤ˶Ľĵ۹󽫣ӵһϵеķţоͰִ󽫾ƿ
ӡУ£ϵУ֥ڡλеġ֮ϡ
ֻ֥λ󶼻פһӦְλȫңˡ
壬ǴƵλʥʶξȻдôһš
֥΢΢¶һ岻ЦݣͬʱеżһŻɫ£İС΢գòĿȴޱȵӡԼ˧ǵЦݣĻżةʹķⳣ¶һ˿ɫ
վãԼҵ˧ָơ󶼻Գȣս͹㣬صͬɽһ㣬ٻῴ¶ֱ顣
ˣòڴ˰ɣ
ⳣµ
󶼻أλ飬ϱͥ󶼻˼˳󽫸溲λ˴ڣֻĴ̫á
٣壬Ҳв´ʱ򡣡
֥ŰЦ
ǡǡ෴ǵǣ㿴֪
Ŷ
ⳣĿһ¶һ˿ֵֹģɫȫԤϣԴ󶼻ĵλȨƺȻ˵λӣʵӦǷɡ
ⳣԸϲѰףϲȥ飬ҲԼ۹жϡ
ͷⳣչǷż㣬ϸģⳣϵɫùŹԽԽŹ֣˶Ĭ¶˼ɫ
ò˵ŵݳԤڣͻȻ״󶼻ΪʲôôŹˡ
ҵλȰ˵ǲҪʯ
ⳣعͷǰ˧
ڰô꣬ӺͿźԳأⳣ廹ǵһοôûͷûβȫͷԵš
ʯλڴڴƵ֮⣬֮һҲʯȾŸƺʹʳ֮ҡ
ڶḷ́˿֮·󶼱ضʯ
ʵϣʯ֮һֱల£ҲûйʯǷȫûͷûβͷԡ
һĪţԸ֥ͷⳣ۹˫赵ĵλȫԲᣬʵϣеȫˣ֥ͷⳣλ۹سϵıҲǳ΢
֪Ϊʲô˵Ȥ˰ɣ
֥Ŀ䣬⡣
Ǵˣ⡭ô֪ģ
ⳣڵ
ΪةʹųơŲ߷ҡʲôеԾ⣬һ̣еż㣬ⳣȴּĸо
ʯӦûǴ˧ͣԺе뷨ɣƣ֪˶޼ƻûⶨһǧ֮ʮСô֪ģ
٣ʯļƻֻ߹㣬ûκ֪ʵҶû˵仰˵ֻ֪ھ֪ô֪ģ
֥
λؽı鶼ǳĹ죬ⳣеǷţһţ˵һȫλ˵ӡ
ȻǵõϢЩȫλӾԺ֪кܴĳ롣
ﾲĵģ˭Ҳû˵ֹղ֪˶ãڱˡ
ˣǡҪ¿𣿡
ⳣ̽ŵ
ߣһʮСӶѣѵΪô仰Ǿ׵ĸıƻ𣿡
仰֥ЦˡΪ˧۹Ĵ󽫣֥ԼĽš
ȻʯȻгֹɣôΪ˵ҴҸı䣿
ҲֻǸλƿ֮£սҲԶ֥ôܻᱻҡ
ˣ¾͵ûмǡ
ⳣ˫һ˺еż˺Ƭ
û飬ȥźʯص顣
ⳣ˵űת뿪ոߵſڣʹһϤ
һ£
֥ס˷ⳣ壬üͷ壬¶˼ɫ
ʯļƻʱһɼ̽ȥһ˵
ס
ⳣͷһЦû˿⡣ȻλӵĻǶԴ˧Ӱ죺
ȥš
żⳣѸٵʧ˵⡣
һʯӵУȻᾪǷŲӰ죬ʱ˿̣ԼǸ֥ⳣ嶼û֪
ڷⳣżȥʱңԶˣĶҲһϤ
ϲ60㡣
⣬СѾͣЪڴĬĬԺе̲ס¶һ˿ɫ
ûͷûβûκεʾҲֻ60ĽκһζȻͬ
ǰ𣿡
üͷ˼ģܺصģҲֻ뵽Ƿд֥š
60㽱һûͷûβ⵽ЧûЧ˵һδҪȴ
ԺѾȫԺˡ

˼䣬ͻȻһУŴ򿪣һ糾ͣһ˽ڵϣ
үһ˺үԳǾǻϵӵܡ
ʲô
仰۾һ͵شӴվûȴعһƾӿѾʧڴڡ
¡¡
ո߳һĺԶ֮ǵĳش򿪣ϣһԽ߿ֻһƥɫ죬Ƥë͹⻬ֻ񣬷·һԣëԣ̤
Сڣ
ƥߴ׳ԣ˷ޱȣ͵췢һĳХ廹Ҫ˷ܣ̤̳㣬ֱĳ
Сһþò
һֻץסһֻƲͣĦŰڵͷ­ҲĻϲͣĥǳȡ
ϹΪ˾δٷϴˣ岢ûаѰڴ
֮һ̤죬ս½ƵҲóرǽ˹ص±ѵӪأȻͻʺսںʹϤҰĳͻУһˣȫֵּսҪ
ҲʹðڱԽԽҪ֮ǰͿʼȥžʦٻڣһֱڣڲŸϵ֮ǡ
ߣ˺үǲһˣֻõȴˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬һݺͷ͸һ˿
һ̧ͷע⵽һŶѣɫһľɫŮ
ܷӸ£ע壬ĿɱˣѾǧٱˡ


761 ս
ǺǣôᣡҲǸ׼𡣡
һЦһţ¶һΣ侫µ׹
ǲ֮ǰ׸һƷʵ解õĹһԶ׹ʱ͸ܷ
ȻܷĿĿɱˣǿһԾƯ׹ɫÿ˺ܶࡣ
һĿݺݵƳһ壬ȴǶ׹
Ѿˣľͽˡ
ܷ
ˣܷСϢȥҼŮúź򡣡
ӹԸһ
˾뾩ʦ·;ңԶһ·¶ޣΪܷһŮԸΪԼӾʦϵȻʲôû˵ôܲ¡
˰ѻܷ׵ǣŰںܿ뿪ˡ

ڸ֮ӭܷԼİڵʱңԶľʦ쳣ҵڳš
һǧƽ𣿿Ц𣿳͢ôĽӻ˭֪Щ˿ɲš
û͢ÿһ궼ˮһ㻨ȥʮ˳иطĹĸطҪǮҪһ֡ʲôģѵҪǰ׼һЩ𣿡
ȫھطô죿
һǧƽСĿѵԺ˭˵ǾҪһǧǻƽ𣬻ƽ𰡣ǰҲһǧͭǮ

͢ۼ伤ңʷɡеĹ͢Щȫ˽
˳һѡ
ˣʲô㲦һǧս͢ȱսǮ򲻵ġ
֮°ѣƤ֮ëɸЩսģҹˣ̸һлػôҪ鶼ûǮʲôֵûǮ
ǱյӴ֣˵Ļţʲôţǲµ۹ⶼŰɣ
͢ûսĻᣬǧѷ꣬ʧʧԺɾͺһǧƽٹѵܱȴƵİΣҪ𣿡

͢ԷֳɣáʮƥսһͻսǷǰ붼顣еľ켸˽ÿ˶֪̺ŶĻᡣ
䣬䣡ֻҪ¸Żһڣ;Բôɡ
£ԣ¸ɫ߿ޱȣ
˭Ҫͨ˭ʹ¸ŵʬ̤ȥ
Ϊ͢ѧһ¸һֱսȵ񣬼ǧƽǾԲͬġ
⼸ĳ飬¸ҲǼ˵ķ֮һ
¸ţˣ
¸ŵĻ˷ζҪըˡ
ٺ١
˭Ҳûпһ£һۣЦⳡ͢棬һ¸ţ㹻æˡ
¸ţҳȫ㣡Ȼ͵ĵȯùȥɱɣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һŭ·ڴͻּȵķŭ˶һһɲǣѻȸ¸Ŷǻһ͵Ťͷ
⣬ֻһӰв󲽵˹һ˫ȷŭޱȡ
͢ĽʿڱԡѪսΪʿĹǺλſ̸۶˼ɡԡٺ»ʲô䣬ǵʲôƵǿ̸ǿ̸𣿡
¸ţǸĸ塢壬С´㲻𣬽Ҿͳȫ㡣
ŭɶֺݺһңһһȯݺݵڵϣ¸ǰ
ڳôã˻ǵһοôĻ·𺮶һ㣬ǵһ񣬷·ܽ˺ݺݵĴ͸
ôˣȻûһˣֱӺӡʱ򣬱˵ˣµһ
Ρ
һ߳ͱһۣͺҪƣͬھһĹ壬Ҳһݣͣ½Ųһ
ӣʲôֻǧƽѣֲԼģôƴʲô
һʱ֮Ȼסˡ
ǧƽѣǻҲǳ͢ģʲôϵҲΪ˷ԶȥԣزĹ顣»ϣԶûôľģûôļ֡
ΪôͿʼƣܾˣδֵ̫ˡ
쵰Ϊһӣ𣿡
ҧгݣаޡǿһʱ֮仹²ĺơ
˵˭
ŭΪڡѾ˽һˣļҪȫĥãúһǧѷ飬ӲŪ⸱棬Ļȫˡ
¸ţˣо̣ҪһŲͨ£սӰ飬±Ϳ̿ΨʣҲҪһ鱮ĳд棬ķǰ
һ䣬ŭɽߡ
¸η壬仰Ҳסһϣ˵˲ֻ½һߵ˵ֻȻҲǷŭ˼㡣ңķһԳС
¸϶ھȷʵ˽⣬ĳ⣬ڷǰôһ鱮ǱҪԽܵ顣
¸ŵ촽˼ţȻȫ˵
òϣȷʵӵסˡ
¸ķ߶סǱĬһʱ֮䣬֮ϣʱһƬš
ԭҵ͢˲䰲
˽һµĹʱ֮ڴһ¡ʱ֣һֻͫŸӾʦѸٵĺᾩʦԽǧɽˮһ·ɵңԶ֮С

֮£Ÿ봩ӣ˴ǰ
Ǻǣɹˡ
ţһ۴ϵŸ룬¶һ˿ЦݡĲˣȻ˵赭д֪ڳ֮еôײ
¶һ˿Ǹ⣬¶ڵĿֻһǧƽ巴Ǻˡ˵һΣͻеڶΣؼǳ͢ĿӡңֻҪ͢;Ǳ߼ԼĵһͻսʱȻڶˡ
ЩͷԺкܿһϤ
ϲ񡮴Ƶս400㡣
ʱƣõսԽ࣬Խ࣬ÿһƥս100㡣ѻһһǧƥս⽱110㡣

ţȻ񣿣
⣬һûʱƵǵһνӵң˾ǣԼӴ³ҲҲһʱˣʼɽ׵ʱ򣬲ûгʾţͨ͢ʹʱʾΪ⡣


762 ԭϵĶ
ѵΪսĹ򣬱ĿΪӴЧһǧƽ漰ʮƥսſʼ񣿡
尵д˷
510㣬ǿֲһ֮ǰ򣬸֥дſ۵ʧˡ
䣡
˼ʱͻȻһһıըӴ⴫𵴵ԶԶĳķ֮СϵŸ뾪Ĺ˼ͻȻ
ã
һĽкԶƺǹսȺںȲʡˣһĺ¡ıըȴûн
ʮģʮ壬ʮʮߡ
ͬʱһĬĬűըʱ䡣ڸ֮УֱըѾܶΣҲˡǽƽȣƺЩ̫һ
ʮһʮʮʮš
ʮ룬ԭƽ¶һ˿ɫЩϲҲЩ̾ըڼʮʱ򣬴һռٵ
͸ֻһ֮ǵһɾķȻɣķ֮С

үʮʮѾɣүǰȥӣ
ڵϣʹͷ̬
ã
ֻ˵һ֣ȻһڣϿѸ˳ȥ⣬ϰڣһӰ档ܷɫ󽣣ͬһƥ档
Ӹۡȥڸ֮ǵͻܷȥһͿصľˣɰǧľ֧飬ɢء
ʲô
ܷصľˣ¶һ˿ֵɫ
ѵ
嵭Ϊˣصľ˴档
ѵľΪĿ꣬ʵŷ޵һ磬Ǻ֪ܶĶ磬Ȼû󲿷ֶǿݡҲ˵ûκĿһǹ
ǼⲻʵѵЧġҿݻһֶϷ̬ȫԵеѵնΪսĲɱġ̬սͻ˲ء
ҲȡĶľ˵ԭ
Ŷ
ܷһ˿ɫ΢΢˵ͷû˵
Խãܷͷ֣岻ֻ书ǿ츳ߣΪر˼άͨȫͬ
ģ黯ǳصķʽľѵⶼͻܷڼӴϢǽȻͬġ
ֻǻһ壬·еҴ嶼ȫȻͬ
ʼɡ
岢֪ܷе뷨һֻƣԶһٴһơߺܿһʿܿХЩľ·ľҲ¸
ֻǿһۣûᣬһԶӪȥ
ү
壬ҵæӭһȻ
պүķԸʮʮѾȫɣҪ˻ƾ𣿡
ܹͼֽһʮʮ󣬻һͬʱҲѵİ˻ƾ
ˡ
˰֣ҵ飺
ʮʮ͹ˣиҪ顣
ҪͱԸ˹أҪԸ˹أâܺǧ۱粻ȥż
һۣȻɱ˴ϤҰǧ˹Щ˼ȫ±ʹâսѵصǧ۱ȣȫͬն
âܸǧ۱ֱĴӪһնɱպǧ˵⡣
һƽĸԭսâܵǧ۱ԳϵĶ֣ûȫ׼κζӣֻȡ
ʮʮ󣬾Ըâܺǧ۱ġ
⣬⼸ǾڳѵѵʱòƥǽΧϽκηص˿ж֮ǰҲϣһϢй¶ȥ
ڰϣһ
ĩס
ҵ
˵ͷʮʮϵشҪǣâһľϲǰй¶ˣôЧۿۡ
ণ
ͻȻ֮䣬һХӿд˵ע⡣̧ͷֻһֻϤӥӿи¡
ӥӥȸ
ԺһͷεִˣӥûУھʦ硣ѵĵԽԽ࣬ȸҲֻ֮һ
ûر飬ӥһ㶼ԸϢ
үʦš
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һƥսգ̳屼˹ϵи߾һţǳĿ
ӹţ𿪿һۣһϤԾ
ռ֣
żݼ򵥵ֻа˸֣һ֡
̫ˣ
Ϻݺݵսȭͷһ˷ܡյţ¾㱸ƻһҲڲȫˡ

ʱ仺ĹȥʱţԴԴϵĴӴƵĸݿ͵֮ȴʱԽԽ졣
ʮ֮

һ£γӽһָǰ֮ǵĴźȻغǧＲ۶
µʱ䣬ǧ֮ǰѾȻͬʵӵǿҲӵۻ롣
ǧﱬϢһ籩һ㣬նŤˡ
ݣ
غ̳ǧﱼ׳磬ѸٵشʧԶ

ңԶ˹ظԭӥɲݳͷ紵һƬƬһĸԭϣѵص˹Ｋۡ
ЩԽԽˣ¤ϣǴƵľӡϸ£ȻдƵľӴϸԭ
ͷ紵һŴһ޻˹
Ҳ˵ˣЩȷʵ̫ˣҲ˶ˣǱҪ˶þͻᷢʱȹٴ°¤ǻʲôǶԿ
һ˹Ҳɫ߷ߵ
ţȵһᣬһ̣ɽԸ񡣡
һ˹
˵ǣҪ飬ĿǰҲͽЩ֪ɳЩ飬Ŀġж֮ǰκεĲ
ڶ˹ͷΪԶͬʱҲϢͨġκη紵ݶǶȲġ
ȥѲ飿
ڶ˹һ䣬ͬʱĬԭϣһޱ޼ʣȻӵѲ񣬵Ǹ֪ȥѲ飬Ҳ֪ʲôֵѲġ
ԭطͬ뵽ԭҲֻܶһʱ䣬ܿ͵óȥϴЩ±ѵӪصˣҲս֮Ѹپͳˡ
ʵǲףѲʲô
񣬻ǽһ㣬ʲô©ˣϴڱĶǣȱҺ񿴵˼ֻѵӥȸЩ˿ɲ򵥣ǻȹȥ鿴鿴ɣСΪϡ
Ƭ̣ܿתͷ˹رĶǶȥ


763 ԭս
սգ·̣ܿ죬˾Ϳ˸ԭıԵ
ণһ߿ļХϴ˹̧ͷԶԶأȻָֻӥȸУһȦȦţʲô
˹ɫһ䣬ͫ˲κεĲ鿴һ۾ܱǾĳ
֨֨
һû˿ԥ߶ϴ޻˹ȡһ֧ңңĶ׼˿С
ûȥǰһбɲһֱֻ˹ֹ
ûõģЩӥȸɵĶߣǵĹ̸Ͳ
ô죬ѵʲôʲôƻ˽ļƻʱ򽫾»ǿ
ٺ٣ҿû˵ʲôЩӥȸ˷ģӥȸһĲԶκβ˿еӥȸѵκβ˵ϵЩ𣿡
ڶ˹˵ţЦ仰߶ϴ޻˹ʱҲӦ
ݣ
һЦȻϵ䵶һڹ̳Уӥȸķɱڵļ۶ȥ
ˣ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ڸԭıԵ˹Ȼ˼Ӱһʮ߰ӣ紵͵ȫǻ书ӣʲôƾľ
ߣɱǣ
վס
ܣ
˾񣬻䵶ǼȥȻ˲ոճʮɣͻ𡪡
¡¡ͻȻһӽ´ʼʱ򣬻ǵͲţɸһ㣬ֻһգۣԽԽ󣬵󣬼ֱͬһ㣬ƬضھҵĲ
ϣ
˻ûзӦһ󼤰˻Զĵƽ´𶯣𺧵ĿУೣǧսŭХţȿֺĴӵƽ±۶ЩսϣһȫңȫװħɱڵĴ
ã
˴ʧɫǰɱ˲Ϣɢĸɸɾ
ܣ
ľսǻɢתͷʱķܡ˴ûмǿƾǧĴһһﲻĿȴجΣļ²ѡ
Ȼ˲ǣȺٶȼ죬˷Ӧʱǰ˵ĴҲ߰˰ɵľ롣
óٳ˵ҲǼʱ䡣
ͣ
һ߿쳹ԭڴǰһ´ֹͣǧƾûԶݵ˹سһһ˰ڳͣһʼ͵ھ򣬴򺻵档
ϣһɶߵĺظְӿ£صĲڵϣڸԭγһ¸ǽĳźŰ㣬ǧĴֹս£һصĸǽ͵ԭ
һЩ˷ЩصĸǽһЩӶشʹô򣬽ЩǽغС
˽ϣææµµȫԶ˹
һ棬棬棬桭̶ֻʱڣɰǧصĸǽ岼ڸԭ
˹ﲻոܳɣƬ̣ʽĸԭϣһδйĸ֮ǳΡ
쵰Щ˵ʲô
Ȼܣ˹һֱڽŵĹעĶЩ飬ææµµԹԡĿ˵Ľ賡˶ˡ
ô࣬ߣ챨󽫾ȥ
˾ŭӣ͵һԶȥ
ү˹صĳҪ𣿡
ԭϣҵԼĺѪһԣһֻŹһִֻ֧ңң׼Զܵ˹س
ˡ
һЦɫƵ᣺
һɱһ˾û˻ȥˣˡ
ˡ
ҵһЦջһ֧ڶ֧صһ˲Ϣ䴩һǧɵľ룬һ޻˹һ䴩
˹Զûһʹϵʣµڶ˹ŵϣ䵶һΣӿٶȷֻһʧԶ
׼ӿٶȣһ˹ص˾͸ˡ
ûܵ˹ǵͷĴǧһǧ֮սдľټϸ֮гһǧҸ֣һжܹ˽ӽǧʿ
⻹ǧеĹ
֮սзһĻ˹ظԭٴݡǿĵطڼʮ̫ƽ»۵ĲƸԼǿͽ
ǿս֣Ǿź
ھڽƵĲƸһַʽ뵽սƽ˹ء
һΣ岻ҪԶ˹˵ͨһҪƬĸԭϽһԼĻأΪģ˹أЩԭ˵׵ȥҲ
׼䣡
һʮ顢ææµµĴϣһ󼤰һ޴ġС׵ĸһƥƥս£Ӹԭ
սûͣȣһȺȺȫװʿӵȥӣС̧Щǰȥ
СģҪҶӣҪϵĿأصʱţ
һԣװĹУһɫĽȫ̼ලЩ飬ľͷһĸӣֻʶ˲֪жôǿ󡢿¡
һаͰ࣬еķȫװǰţĸǽҲһڸԭϴеһоͺǧٱһٶЧʡ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һ򵥵ȴɭϵķƬԭıԵһлڲϵ֮С
ণ
ʱ֮һ߿ļХӸ߿մܵǸ˹س򷢻ãһΣ˹˵ķӦκһζ죬̶̵ֻʱڣһֻ˹ظԭϳͺճſԶ˵Ұ֮С
еһֻеڶֻֻֻֻʱ䣬ʮֻ˹ظԭϵͺմԶ
ô̰εĶֺܲһ
Ц
ԶЩͺգʲôÿ˶ܴӿиܵõһɽŵաʣ˹Ѿˣֻǵһ飬ӭǵıؽһս
˵֮ǰǷսǷӦҲǺġ
ҵ˲ͬ¶Ĳǽţһڴ׷֮ǰǱͥսʿһľˡ
˵ְǷӣսҵУе飬һǱһս
Ψҵսܻս֮ꡣ
ȸ׼
һ£ӥСӵĳԱܿжХУһֻֻӥ𣬰ȸֻģսӥ֡
ণ
ֻһӥСӵӥܿͺЩ˹صͺսһ棬ͺշǶ֣һֻֻţëѪ׷״ӿ׹


764 
ͺռƲܿͷԶֻӴܡ
ȸ˼״ǷһХܿ콫ԼӥٻĪ׷仰ֹ̣ͬӥȸ֮ս
ȥ׼ս
忴ԶݵͺգǵЦݣɫޱȡʮֻͺշӵֻǵһ飬ǾͿˡ
ⲻҪģҪǣ˹ͺճǾζǵĴҲĲԶˡ
߿
һδƽһҲЩͺ֮󲻾ãһХһΣ֮ǰЩȴȻֱͬߣһȫȻͬ벻ķ򣬼ֻӥſͻȻ˹
Щӥɵò߰˰ͣڿвϵƺʲô
Ȥ
ͷЩӥһ˿ɫܿЦ
үҪЩӥ𣿡
һᡢ۵ԱߴȸͷЩӥĿбǿҵսɱүĴƣԲκεĲأҲκ޼ɵ졣
Щ˭ֻҪзɵģֻҪүһ£ԻὫĸɸɾ
۱ǵĴһξ͹ˣȸԼڶΡ
ˡ
嵭İ˰֣ȸĽ飺
ЩӥȸõЩӥȸġЩӥعȥɡʲôӰġ
ȸϾԣڽҪյһжĿҲһ۾˳ЩӥצϵĽ𻷣ı־ȻԼ£ֹ˹ˣͬ˽ߵע⡣
ͬϵ嵱ȻܳԼ˵ӥ
ҵǰڱͥ֪֮⣬ЩĽ𣿡
ʵ䣬һ˼Ŵ
ϤǡذҰ϶أϤפصͻʺ֮ĲԭشͻʺıλƽƽҪһЩ⣬϶ҲһЭû⣬ڣԭһڶͳϽӦǺذҰ
ҵڱͥģȻû佫һҲУξһһУξҪζξһ֡ΪһľˣҵھеһЩ黹Щ˽ġ
ټϱͥܽЩҪЭ磬ģľҲЩ˽⡣ȻƲָƣǻĲ棬ЩĽ컹֪ġ
ذҰ
Ժд˷͸¶ɫ
Щ˽⣬ձȣذҰԸӵĻһЩȨʱ򣬶˹طĽжҲոһЩϧⷽȱҲ൱ԡ
Ǿһȡжûȡеĳɹһ㣬ʧ֮󣬺ذҰͻѰıأǱκԱص佫ҪأΪҲݡ
˹һڵʱܹżЩжǵذҰȨʱ򣬾Ϳʼȫһȫ汻ľ档
ǵԼǡ÷ϣڼλǰԼʱ򣬻йһ
ذҰȴʵֻȡˣصʱҲڻȼֽĻᣬĻȡһҪǽκ鶼ҪȫյˣȻʤ仰˵Ҳǡؽȡ塱
ҪҵֱȻܹʤĻᣬпܡԺڣذҰһˣüıأðգκһķնϡ
ԭ
ҡҡͷȻһЦܿԺ
׼еķ䡢սȫټһ顭
һܿǰȥ
գһֻӥڿȦܿʱķ򼲷ɶȥ
ʲô˳ǵڸԭϴ£
Ƭ֮ߵĴӪһƤֲɳɫǳ佫͵Ĵվһľݡ
ǵģˡ׼˴ĸǧĹ⻹ǧӦܹۼһˡ
̽ĳڵϵ

ذҰɴ۾˵ˡ̫ˣ˵ǸҲ˽һЩո˽һ֮ǣܵԭʲôѵ֪ĵ
һˣʲô
ˣʱѾ˹˵ͺطˡ˹֪ǵĶ֮ӦúܿͻɱҪɱȥ𣿡
ڵϵ
ػ;Ĵưպã˶׵ְ𡣽ƾһˣǧĹεֵס˹˵Ĵġ
ã
ذҰҲľ;ܾˣͬСɣ˵һ˹ȻҪİΣҪüʿðաǺܿ죬ذҰԥˣ
Уһ£󣬸Ͻ֪ͨ󶼻󶼻þ⣬ټɳӥȸʱҹעǱߵĶκη紵ݶҶҪһʱõϢ˵ĳǴƵʥʻԴֵ飬˭𣡡
ǣ
ҴȥƬ̣һֻŸѸٷ𣬳˽ߵ

ӣʲô
У챾ϺȲ裬ӵϢ͵Ĵվ˵ڣ˵յģϢû뵽ȽŸĵһ飬Ȼ˹ظԭ
ˣʵûеӵʲôѵҪԸ˹ˣǾƾһˣǧ಻书ĹⲻǿЦ𣿡
һɻɲﴫеԻĲֹǷ죬ͬʱߵЩ
ǶԸ˹ˣܵԭʲôеķ᲻𣿡
һĲ
ɲǼ䣬һƬĬ֮սͣҪ˵ôԭΪ˶Ը˹ˣ˭Ҳš˵Ϊ˶Ը˹ˣǸûš
ԭϿຮμߣҿϡЩ˶Ҫÿһʱ䣬ͳ½Ҳϻ˵Ǻˡң˹˴򲻹ܣǵأһһľָƣ˭ܱǸϤ
˹˱սʲôú塣˵ԭʺ˹Ұս棬һˣµᱻԵʣ
ôǣôʦڵĵʲô
ǺͿ
һʱ֮䣬Ǵ˶ǾḻϽսʶ㣬һҲȫԻˡ
٣ұ룬ôԸСӡû뵽ȻȥԸ˹ˣҵġǳ͢׷ǿƲĸɸɾ
󣬻Ƿƽ۾Ŀ͸¶󺮹⣺
ȥߺذҰûҵϽԮ⣬ǸСս֪ͨҡȻǲȥʬ׻Ҫصġó͢ǰʷָ鷳
ǣ
һ䣬糾ͣܿȥ



765 ¹ɽ
ҲĶ˹ظԭϣ˹иĸ֣ȫս
ϣ
һԶ˲˸ԭϵƽ˹˵ķӦеĻҪöֻ࣬գۼ䣬𶯣ǧ˹ɫˮԶ۶
ǹǵأɽļ²ѡ
ֻһɲǼ䣬Ƶԭϵնʱý
׼
Լĳбָǰ侲򶨡Գǧӿ˹û˿η壬ֻ޾ڴҪıı򣬸ı۹ˣһоʹڿʼ
ﬣ񶯣ͬʱǧȫϡǧϢĴһĬͬصɽһ㡣𣬲ɽȻδÿ˶ܸоƽ̺ģɽһİ
ʮ
ԽԽԶԶܹЩ˹Ϣвı
ɽ
һӪɳĳǳ˹ս˹˵ľӷǳϤһ۾ͿЩ˹ϵɽ־
˹˸սĲͬΣΪƽԭԭɽľɽ
ս˵ƽ̹ĵشڵθӵɽսô֧ӵʵͿ֪
ɽձʵˮƽ֣˵սǾģǿұܵĸ죬ʵܹܸӼҵ׷ײ
Ҫǣеɽ½ģһսս鼫ḻ
˶֪һ£Ǿ˹صɽƹԭܹԼͻʺ
פھƸӵıشս겻ϣ½ľȣһľ
˹صľӣҲܹԾشƾʵѵؽֱˡ
Ψɽ˱ﵽ˰˱ʮ֮а˹սôʮᡣ
˹ظԭУɽΪɵľӣջǺذҰ֧ӣԻȫǿ£ȫ䱸Ҫ£ԭʱܿâǿܵġ
군ˣɽˣ
ĳɫţǡȻǲͬϾˣǱɱҲǸͬܡ
ûа취Ͻǳƾǵ֣ܶԿ˹صɽھͳԭü
һһ̺۵
ˣһǳˣ˹˳Ƴ£ƽԭϳ滹Ҫֻĸ졣ڲôǶѾˣ˭ҲȲǡ
һܹ䵱ĶǾеľս鼫ḻɽֵɲǣһѾܹǵˡ
Զ飬ãã纣˹ɽûһֱڴԼǧͣеսϣĿⶼͶעڶȱ
ЩԲģһؾѾˣȻѵΪԭǵ𣿡
ǰһ֣ëŨܣŵ˹غֳһһɶ೤̰¶׹⡣
ȱǽ¤ͻʴԭҪξԲܱǶϡ
Աһ˹ؽ
˹رǵȱȻڲǺܴ󣬵ȴ˹ڱԭĿ֮ͨһҲǷ˹ôҪԭ
棬ɵǣ
¹ҲǺŵ˹غݺݵ
ǣ
ܿӦȥǸո߳һΣסˡ
һ£
Զһ¶岼˸⣬·۰ĸǽ¹ͻȻһ£Ϊ˹رĺ¹ĽӵĽ
Щ۰ĸǽܵо˿ɡ
ȱżһȥ̽һ¡ûֱӸɵǣ
¹ͻȻ
ǣ
ܿ죬飬ãã纣˹شһȴۻţŽһɧܿ죬һ֧ǧҵȷ˳
үɳȷˣ
ҵ
š
Цŵ˵ͷ
εĽƺܲһ㣬ܽ
˹˴󲿷ֱֱֶȥı뺷ֳܷһȷ棬д̽˹жǼټġ
׼
峤һӣһ£ͻȻظǽֱĳŶ˹ɽȥ
ˣ
һĻ¹ͬΧе˹ؽ춼ͫһĿ˹ɽݺ۳ңɱĶֲֹǵһôĵˡ
Ҹɵǣһ
¹
Զǧ˹ɽٶԽԽ죬ԽԽ졣˰ɣ߰ɣɡ
ɱ
ͻȻһ춯صǧ˹ɽ˫Ŀ죬ˢˢİγϵ䵶ɱȥ
ڳɱͬʱǧ˹ɽѸٵı仯һӣֱӷֳ߶ӣγһ߲Уͬһ㳯ȥ
ǧ˹ϢһƬޱȡһ¡¡ľ죬´ƺµĴضܲסǵ
Щ˹˽Ȼ෴һƬţûзһǵͲϵγһķʸͣǧ˹ɽȥ
ȻϢȴһԵ
İɣɣɡ
ԽԽҲԽԽ˵Ŀȫ㼯ǧ˹ɽϡ
ڸʲô
ֱѰ·Ƿ𣿡
ȫ⣬һʣģ
ԶĳɫˣĲӣɽôϴٵȥ߱Ķ֡
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼȡֲԡ
ھ䣬ԶԷѾԽԽϣû˿ԥ˲γϵĳǰȥ
ʮɣʮɣʮɡ
غԽԽʼһԲ󷽹̳ʮ֮ߣһɲѾŨҵԸӵĵز
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬֧սصײһϣƺƣɰǧսڿмҵ˻ѹ˸ԭϵһ
䣡
һɲǣֺͣһһصս쳹ս
ҽս˻ײһƬһ̣𺳵ĿУͶ˹صоֻƬ̣ͬһѷļа㣬ݺݵп˹˵ķ
ɱ
ֱʱŷһ춯صŭٵ⻷ڽ𵴣һߣ˹׷ɡ
һأأء
˹˵ǰ·ֽһ㣬׷ѣȫһ֮С

Ĳҽ쳹ǿЩ赲ǰ˹˴ײùǶϽۣǱＯݺݵʮɿ⡣
ֳ漫𺳣
˻ûзӦǧ˹ɽصζУѾﳹ䴩


766 ɽ
ⲻܣ
Զ¹͵ͫĲ˼飬ȵ𾪣ʹ嶼΢΢
£
ǰ㣬ֽһƬ
ͬе𾪵ĻЩĳٶǧ߱Ĳ࣬˭Ҳû뵽ʤľȻǸ١
˼飡˼顭ǵʲôˣ
˶еľ񣬲μӹս֪٣ûٵж࣬һǴݿࡣ
ǰ󲻹ԭѾʬ壬ʬʬиֲ֫Ѫ߰ߵ㣬˷Բ֮ڵҰݡ
漫ң
ô룬սϣٶǧսѾʤ˹˵ͱȫٶ˹ڵһ־ͱնɱʣµһǧİһƬҡ
ͣһлѪѸٷֻΪ֧Сӣÿʮһӣͬһ㣬Ѹٲ˹Уԭҵ˹﹥Խɢ䣬ҿʼЧո
ûͣΪս˹˸ͲĶֻ֣һ˲أ˰ˣһǧˣһǧİˡ
ǰ󲻹˹˱ɽضʬ

Զ¹̲ס´˳˵һ£в˹һľս׷޶ء
Ҳɡ
ԶȻЦĪ׷Щ˹˼ʶ㹻ˡ
ܿ£أ̼Ϣһȥʱһ㣬һԵ𺳡
һ̣˵ǽսЩĳ򣬾ԶĲ¹һ˹ش˵
һƬţ͸һԵѹ֡
Σ
ʵ
һˣˡ޴󰭡
ҵԱߵ
ԡ
΢΢һЦȫڳܷΧ֮ڡɹ˹⻷ڵѾǰȻͬټʵԸǰ֧˹Ǵ´ࡣ
ϾǺųƺƽʱĩǿ
ԭһֹİûٳԶ¹˹ɽҲƽһ˫˫Ŀעڵķ򣬵ȴûóȻ
үǿøˣʱڿ²ᷢ
ҵͻȻǰ
ȷʵɹ֣Ҳʹò¹ԽĽС΢׷νԭĿʵǶԸ˹ˣ׵İγ
ǹôжʧȥˡ
ģǽҲãá
ȻһЦءжȽȫĹ滮׼ʱҲ˹ǱʲôӦ˵Ҫ
ȥеڶ׶εļƻ
ͻȻعͷ
ٹٹ
һӵӴ󷽣ԭ֮´ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һһһĴӸԭ
ĺһصĸģ顣
ʮʮһ̶ʱڣɰǧӸ֮ǳĹŴĸģ飬˸ԭ˴󷽡
ˣʲô
һĶܿ˹˵ע⡣һ˹ؽͻȻһֲĸо
֧˾ʵ̫ˣӴκһ֧ӶȻͬЩڸԭϵĸǽҲһּ䲻ĸо
𼱣ȿ˵ǵĵϸٶֲ١
¹
һ¶µĸǽϣ¹˿ĲǺֻͷܶ
ˣ̣
һ˹ؽͻȻ˳Ŀ⣬֧˲ӵĴ棬˷Ũ̹Щǽĺð˳
Щӵڸʲô
¹üͷýأһ˵ĹСսķûȫԷսͼ
ɻ䣬ЩŨԽԽ࣬ӣһ˲ʼαӡ
ǡ¯𣡡
ڤڤУһԺ¹һͻȻ֮䷴ӦЩĺʵһȼյĻ¯ð¯̡

Ҳʱе˹˶Զ˴ܻ档
Щ쵰ʲô
չһ¹ԽԽˡ¯𡢸ǧҵıûһоʵֹǲ¹˹ɽеĽǣȫŪˡ
ֻҺûܹܾãܿ죬˾֪Щ¯ֵĿˡ
쿴
һԽЩ岼һ¶£ɸ£ͬ۰ڵߵĺظְ壬˷һģڲӸеģ˸ġǽ
ǵģǸǽ֮ǰĲµĸְ壬С͡ǽͬһεġǽһģĳǳصһ֡
ãЩҪڸԭϽǳأҪأ
һɲǣ֧˴ͼκһ֧ӶͬǲתһȦߣҪʲôｨһĳǳأأԶ
һǣ˹˶Ǿŭӡ
ӹȥڣ˹ظԭһֱΪ˹˵ġ͸֮ءκ޷մȾפһ£ｨһ̵ĸ֮ǣפأռ죬Ǿһˡ
οЩ˿סģ˹˽ԭҪ֮ͨһ
޷ܵģ֪˹صĴȻǵ棬޶õڸԭϾ͵ؽǳء

ǲ¹ԳȣһҲݼ죬ҧгݣŭɶ
Щ˼ֱĿˣޱ޼ʣȫ׼Щȫɱ⣬һҪ֪ʲô۵
ãһ£ˣǸˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬¹һ춸ȻӸղŵڣĿۼ壬һֱû˵һ̣Ȼγѣɫ͸һּȵľֺͼ
ǻû˵ͱ¹۾ˡ
ʲôˣҪ˵ˣʲôˣڸԭϽǳض·һȫ
أ
һĺŽڸԭüԶԶ˵Ƥ£ֻǧ⣬ǵأãã纣Ѿͣ˹شٴ궯ս˻ﬣһɱ֮ɽңңĶ׼˶ˡ
ãҪˣϿ챨潫
ĳɫһ䣬ȥս֮ľ롣Ǳ׳磬ߵĴӪɶȥսһעǱ뾡ıȥ

ǼķӦһ࣬˹ش궯׼Ӫ֮Уҵϲû˿͸һ˿ϲɫ
үǵķЧˡ
ҵԶ


767 ɽ
š
΢΢ףЦЦ
˹صĽǳٽĽ죬Ҳܲڸԭ潨£Ҿ͵شǳأһȱҪĵطܵסǾͼٽǳأ⣬ͬʱڶǳء˵Ͷе޵ġҾͲЩ嶯˹ܹܵôá
˹زԭһũǵĻעǲһ̣͡ǵıԸڱ£ҲǱΪ˹µ׺ͣ仰˵Ҳǳ嶯
ٽǵ˹ˣҲֻǺ嶯˹˶Աȳģԭ壬Գš侲ǻ۵˹ˣ˹ص۹óԲһָ
ҲôּĶ˹Բǰֻ
׼ɣ
Ŀǰͬʱһֱ۵
ǣү
ҵһ񣬺ܿתͷȥ磬֣ɽ𡱣ǧѾﵽ˾ѵ۷壬һһ뷥һĬ֮κһֶ֧ƥеġ
ûж֧˹־춯صƣֻǾ´˲䣬ȫѾɼᣬ˹γԱȡȻϢոɨǧ˵ƣѹԵɱ¾һֱǰĵĸоһκƥеǿѹ
ˣ
˹˵ĽԶеĿöֻ࣬𶯣ããĸԭҰЩҰݵĲУǧ޾սţ٣Ѹ˵ķ
ɱ
ֻһɲǼ䣬ѣǧ˹˸һźһ̣ʯ쾪ն·ˡ
棬ӴΣЩǽķ϶ȥЩΪڸԭϽ㹤£¸ǽͿ赲ǣǾǴشˡ
¹ݺݵ
ɽֻóƽԭԭԭشҰͬǶôӵĵΣڸӵɽشɽҲһɳΪż¸ǽͿԶԸǣǾ̫ɣҲ̫Сˡ
¡¡
غԭܵҰݲԽԽңһǧ˰ɣһǧ߰ɣһǧɣһǧɡԽԽǧ˹սٶҲԽԽ죬󣬹̳ʮ֮ߣʹЩ˹սٶԽĺˡ
ֹˣڳĹУвֻͬ˹شѸٷֻɳɰǧСĶУÿһжǡö׼ǰŵĸǽķ϶УٶȲûг˿ԽԽ졣
˼˹ؽ쿴ܲһ㣡
棬忴һĻ΢΢˱۾ڸԭ岼ĸǽһҪã߽˹£һ·ˮġС
ǰ˹ؽ죬ӵоƵ£żȵĽңȻڲγе£ֻγһּĳΡ
ֻһ㣬ͳ˾󲿷ֵ˹صĽ졣
ϧҲûõġΪͲףԵʲô
Ŀһ£ܿͻָ
˹صĽѾˣֻϧףԵĲʲôͨ˾ӣϵġһʥʾЩУûʲôá
岼µĸǽҲô򵥡
ǣеĹ˵ȥǳط棬ͣ졣иоЩǽǺܿͻõϡ
ĿǰͷҲص
ǣү
ǹӦǣܿ¡ڴǧѸٵ˵˺󷽣뵽˺󷽺ƴĳǳؽ֮С
һǧİɣһǧɣһǧɣһǧһɡ
ãã˹ǵأХٶԽԽ죬ҲԽԽһǧɵʱ򣬺¡һ⻷±Ѹٵչ
ﬣ
գɲǼ䣬է𣬸ϣǧ֮㣬ս֮˲Ϣǧ˵Ĵģȴʯ쾪Ӷƥеơ
˹⻷⻷⻷ͣĸЩĽ£ڶǰ棬ҵ׶ߵľ޴ɽͰ㣬£һȦ󾣼籩⻷£Ѹٷ䵽ÿһ˵Ľ¡
ǧտʼеʱ򣬽»һƬûκεĹ⻷ǲһɲǵʱ䣬µĶ⻷ӵ֮࣬ټĹ⻷ÿһĽ£Ĺ⻷Ȼﵽ߰˵֮ࡣ
ԪǡЩÿ˶һͬս⻷еĹ⻷ȫӵ˴ϣЩԭǺǿ˲Ϣ䲻ϵĽڽڰﵽһ˵ĵز
ôܣ
оЩϱģֲϢе˹ɽоһɼȵĳһֻصСϣͻȻǰͳ˰ɽľһ
ֻĶ⻷˸ܵһ𺳡
һɲǣÿ˶оһǿѹ
Ϊ˧Ĳ¹̲סƤսġʳģСɵģ»޵ġƵġ֪Ӵپӣûһ֧ӣǰĶһǿĸо
¹ҪһЩı䣬ҪѴѾˡϣòңҲѾɲˡٶһҪڶʱͣ¾;ܣĽ̤
֧ӵʲô
Ժпͷ¹룬ֻӾѾصײһ𡣺¡ֻһ춯صľ죬ǧһ㣬ݺݵĳ˹Ӫ֮С
ﬣ
һɲǣ˭Ҳûע⵽ԶǰҵսȻһЦȻ˲ͬʱͷųˡ֮й⻷֮͡й⻷⻷ǷӵԼϣ͵ıأӵ˶е˹Ľ¡
ʯ䣬󾪺ûκεף˹ɽʵ
ϣ
һսĲ˻쳹ԭһ̣˵𾪵ĿУռƣٴﵽ֮˹ɽɽǧĳ棬׷ܲݰ㵹¡
ǧХţֱ֮˹˾Ȼûһ֮С֪赲ǰ˹˴ϿУɳȥ
ססǣ
ǣ
У֯
û˿ڸԭսʤ˹ˣ

һĽе˹ؽڽȻκ赲ס˹ܵˣһƬܡ֮죬ֱš
ţҵ׿ʲô챨潫챨潫
ˣǴôôľӣǸԭǵĶֻ˹ؾɽ
һǿġ

һֻֻӥϵĳս⣬ԶԶľսǰһĻ𺳵ˡ˹˽սô꣬ǵһ֪ƵҲôӵôǿĳ
ڸԭϣȻܹ׵ѹųơԭӡ˹ˡ


768 ¹
ǧˣǧˣǧˡԶ˹ɽڶ̶̵ʱڣʹﵽһ˼ľ˵زֻԾ˵ٶӡǧ˹Էʸһ桢ɱոЧʣ֮ǰԱġ
ˣսȴԶûн
׼
쳹أھһ岼·һĸǽǰһ±߸ߵľеĳڸٳǲͣģҵ˴Ȼ䴩˶ԷУԷĴһΪǷֿݡҲѾڸٵĳ£һ¶¸ǽǰ
ڣǧ֮Ӫ棬ֻһǧٶϳľԼҳĸ֡ʮɣʮɣʮɣʮɡԽԽ赲Щ³˹󷽰ǧ֮гĲμӸԭǳؽĹͻڣȫΪ˹ꡣ
ʮɣʮɣʮɡ
ӽʮɵʱ򣬶ǰУ±´յ
ţ
ˣ
һǧļʸ籩һ㣬ǵأͻȻǰ˵ĸǽбŷ
ֻһĲҽУ˹˴ȫ͸һ˵ڵϣ˲ء
䡱岼ڸ֮ееһսҲõ˸ԭϣڴʱӳǿɱ
ţ
±򳤽һӣһǧ˹ﵹЩǽǰ䡱Ĳǳ򵥣±һǧͿԿǧ䡱
ÿһ䡱֮Уٶʮ֮ࡣ
һ䣬ʮҲֻõĳֱʡ˹ȫװִ˺İףȫλǣܼһĹҲ˲ء
Сģ
ܼ꣡
һ˹ĺУ쳹ս˿µĹе˹ؽ춼еز˭Ҳû뵽ûǧµĴ֮󣬶Էʣµǵ˾Ȼ˿µս
ֻһ棬Ѿ߰ǧﵹƬɫĸǽǰܼʬʬѾγһϰ
⵽ô£ǾԲôܻǿƾ
˶һĻ𺳵Ļǿ־塣ǧǿ󵽲˼Щֲļ꣬Ѿǵ
һƬҡ
𣡡
ʱͻȻһ춯صĴǺ·һ㣬գԭ
սһƬҵʱΪǧͳ˧ҵҲڳˡһǿҵĽ·籩𣬾Ӹ£˹ܼĵطȥ
ֻһĲҽУӹأĸԭһᣬʮɳıֱѺۣͬʱҲΪ˹ɽͳ˧Ĳ¹
¹Բ۾ڿص쵹ȥ
ȻҲ˹ر¹վǱȲҵδġͨ󽫡
ҵ㾡ȫһվĽ¡
¹һʣµ˹شȺףӵɾ
ӣ
һܵģǲ¹ߵױǧµΧɽ纣ͬʬ壬Щ¹ױҲˣηˡ
֧ʲô֮ԲЩ˶Կ˵ġ
ЩױܾĳźţɲǼ䣬е˹ɽˣеĵȻ޴档
֧ǰδеǿӣ֧սҵ˹ɽɽе׺£֧ǿľǰΪС
ܣ
챨󽫾ȥ
е˹ͬһ㣬˷Ӵܡһ֧ûս־ľӣǧֻĸѡ
ͣͣ͡
һлѪ쳹սǧ׷𱱣ںβ׷ɱԽԽ˹ɽͣĵڵϡ
ʱ֮󣬵ȵսԭʬɽѪ˹ʬ塣
׷ˣ
ҵһᣬڲݵϻһεĽֹۣ˵׷
Ī׷ү˼ǾͿˡԱ׼һս
ǣˣ
һȫᣬظȥеԱҲȫ£̧󷽽оΡ
һҵսǰһʱѾˡսĽռƵһȴ˳ͷβʧߡ
ⲻܣôôǿľӣ
һЩĳ򣬶ΪͳĺذҰԴӵõϢôû뵽ľȻһ
Ҫȥ𣿡
Աһƫ
ãȥ涼ˣȴ˵˼
ذҰ˼Ƭ̵
˺ǸҴӵĹϵûв֪ġڶ֮ǰذҰͲóȻ
˹ⳡսû׼ι飬ǺذҰߵƫȫĶͨʿļУ˸Ͳ֪ܼ嶼ûʲôϵ
ߣ
ذҰ˵תͷߡ
үˣ
ȸͻȻָԶ
һ˳ȸָȥÿذҰ˲תͷ뿪ıӰ
׷磬棬ͭǺʲôʱĳôõˣ
һԣԪͻȻЦ
ϷȫףذҰǿǻ򲻹
忴ԶҲЦ
ȻǼ˵òǾƾǼƥսҲܹµǼ˵ݡ
ƵĹأ֮ҪôõԣٶҪ佫У𣬶һʱֵģҲǺذҰˡ
үЩһﻹǼȰҲϳذҰΪͳ죬ȻαװǰҪҪȥǣ
һԣҲЩ߷߲ƽζ
˹Ǵĵˣ¤ϣǵĴڡɨ˹أʵڰ
ȴƫƫ뻹˳䡣
ˣûҪһʶϾҲǿɫܵĽơûзԳ
˰֣Ц
һսļƻҴһʼûпβ룬˵Ҫ
׼һ£ӿǳؽ裬ĴսǳؽܿóָоâҲӦòյϢˡ
˵¶һ˿ĪЦݡ
νԭĿ껹ǴâܡвǴâܡ
һ㣬˴۵ĽıҲᱻĵֵز
һ˵âܵв̶ȣҪԶԶ˶ç֧λ˹ص۹Ĵ󽫡
Ҳ彫ŵһȻɱԭ
ͣүʱڽ㣬ÿʮ
󷽣Ȼ죬ǧ֮ǳĹЭֶ룬ȫһ¯ϵش򿪣˳



769 ŭâܳ
սȫǳصʱ򣬺ذҰϢҲѸٵĴ
ʲôܣذҰȷ˹ɽ֮ࣿ
ĴУԴӾӪиϻĺذҰĴӱվĲ˼顣
ˣԲ鿴󣡡
ذҰڵϵͷ­õ͵͵ġ
ɸ붼˶Ҵӵӳ̶ȣԼԹˡ
ңʵ̫𺳣͸ԭϻûذҰҲκε©
ܵУ͡
ܣûг͢˽Իôôǿľӣ
һ𾪡
֮ǰȻҲһ֧ƾȡһص·˹ظԭ±ѵӪ±֧ƾܾܿ˵壬Ƿš
˹غʹֻ֮ô·ÿһ·дפأܴʲôص·
˵Ͳɿ
еϢǴ˹ǱߴģǼȫ˵˭Ҳ޷ӡ֤
ûȷ֤ݣ޻̸֮
һβͬⳡսͷ˹ظԭϣһɺذҰ֤ģɲš
ߣҪȥ
һ˿â˵ȻӴֻһʧ˵⡣

ԭǳս𺳵Զֹķ졣
ʲô¹ɽȻȫû˶ͣ
˹ظԭȱսһǧĵطϢâܲȻŭ
һ֧֪ʲôĴƾӡȻ࣬սǿֹһ
ֹˣ¹նɱ
ǧȷûѡ

ĲཫڵϣɪɪͺèһڴӪ棬λߵȻǴ󽫾ç֧µķǴâܡΪ˶֪Ӫ£ǡǡλ۹ޡ
ֶΣ˶֪âܴԶȶç֧ҡԵĶࡣ
ʶҽƱ档ľӾǣѵǰĸ֥˲ɣ
âбɱ
սɲһСĿâƽ̵ľЩܾ֮Ȱܾ֮ܵģЩˣҽƱ֮ԭͣûܹЩų֮
ˣǰˡ
һС˹佫Ļ֣̿Ȼˡָո³ڣˣӪնȻһ䡣âԭĵɱ֣ͺܵʲôݼһһ͵̧ͷֻ۾ĶС佫
ܵâϵı仯ӪɽһϣһĿû֪ʲôҲ֪âܵķӦΪʲôô󣬵һɲǣ˵ĿⶼʶͶעС佫ϡ
ˣӵֵ˵һЩ˵顣ǵȱڣЩ˵ǵ棬͵øǳأٶޱȣַ˵˸֮һģһһޡս֮ǰͼѹ¹ֻϧʱսУûа˵Ļȥ
С佫ڵϵ˫յĽģڵһ
ˣ
ûκεףո˵һ仰ӪͻȻĵģһƬšԭͬһͷŭʨӰ㣬Ŀ⼸ɱ˵Ĵâһ˲ͻȻķ仯ӪɽڽһƬ͵͵࿴һۣ˭Ҳ˵
û֪׷ʲô
ң˵쳤ʲô
һͻȻ˵ĶУκε˵̧ͷŷִâ֪ܲʲôʱλվɫƽǾǷӦٳٶ۵ˣҲܸоʲôƽǡǡ෴侲Ĵâܱ֮ǰıŭ״̬Ҫ¡
ˣһ߰˳߶׳ǺѪʹһһ˶ߵĳǳĿ£ĽȴǺһʮ߰꣬ǿе˶ΨհﺹѪİ˳׳
˹ɽĽ
꣡
һȭͷĴӪ𣬴˼ɽĻһ̧ͷʱŷִâԭƽף֪Ѿޱȣһ˫ǱĿ¡
һɲǣпæտڲᡣ
ʶ
û֪âܴʱѾŭɡɽᵽˣᵽһʮ߰ʱЩѾ˵ȥˡ
壡
һɲǣâѾ֪ԼԵʲôˣҲ֪ɽǰʲôâôҲû뵽һεĽֲŸոչȥãûȵԼٴȥ֮ǡ֮ǡеǸ꣬Ѿһ˸ԭ
ȫǣȱڣ̳
âܱݹǵ̺ŷɱ
ǣ
Ӫڣﻹٶ˵һæͷӦǡ
أ
Ƭ֮һۻĺţŽһ޼ʵ˹ظԭϣͻȻƺƣǧĺɫӪУ˲ϢͬˮӿĴϣս˻ԭɱޱȡ
¡¡
ֻһغãã˹ͬɫˮ㣬ӿЩһӵģһ֧رģ໭ŰɫĵǴâܳµİ۱
˺֣âѾеɱΪѵӪصǧ±ͱնɱĴϤҰΪ˸ոձĲ¹ԼԶġ֮ս˵İϵսʿâܶгɣɱ壬׵˹صв
¡¡̳Ѹٵ˹ظԭĶǶȥͬʱʱһٷһҴҵĳ˴󷽣һӪ֮С
󽫾ˣӽ𶯴뿪ӪأѾǰӪطˡ
ٹڵϣͷĴ󺹡
˹أ˶֪ߵָӹǴ󽫾ç֧ҲֻȨǴâܾȻûд󽫾ŵƵ£Խ˳ȥҪղɣǴ
ˣѾ֪ˡ
ɫӪç֧һż򵥵ĲУһֻ豭ǱĨŲĭ˹;ŵĶ衣˹ʳΪ壬ԹơگĲש
çֵ֧۹󽫣ܵĶĶ衣
âܵߴç֧ɫȫ⡣


770 Ϯ
ôˣ
ç֧ʵеĲ豭
شˣǵ˻װɺ̣һֱΧ졣⣬Ҳ˴ʳ˰ӣոմϢѾ뿪ǰԭǰߡ
ٹڵϵ
⣬֥أ
ç֧
ԭ˹ص۹ֻˣһ죬һ֥λƵĵ۹̫Զ˴֮以Ϊǣĳ¿Ի֧Ԯ
֥ڻսڰ̽ӣܻܿ׼ԴñӦ覹˼ң֥ͷĹϵһ򲻼ѣһȥ֧Ԯ˺ٻԮֵĸʼ͡
ٹڵϣ
ǾͳɡӽﲻˣһŵġֻҪûзвӽͲʲô⡣
ç֧ȻЦһ˵Ѳ豭һƣӺɫӪ˳ȥ
¡¡ڹ̳Уܿűǰ߶ȥ

㣡콽֭
λˣѵڶģŲһŲ
ӰѾڶܿҪˣװ飬Ͻ׼䡣

ͬʱ˹ظԭǣȱڣ˾ǧĹææµµͬ۷ܹĵĽţʱһС͵ġ֮ǡ˸⣬ڸԭıԵ¶Ρ
һ˵ĸ֮СϺܶǳأԼֻ֮ǵĶʮ֮һС
ȻСϺܶ࣬Ƕ˵Ϊһ³ǳأҵıѾ´ˡ
ҲǾϸ˼֮ŵóģңǳؽ˹ضǵȱϣöס˹˴ԭͨ
ǣȴܹԴԴϵͨȱڽǳأ֧ԮǷ˹ءû⣬⽫Ժ˹ظԭĵһ
ģ黯ڸԭٴչֳӴ̶ֻһʱǳؾѾ޵У
ȻûȫɣѾ㣬ÿ׼㣬ףѾ߱˳ķ
㻹ڽܹĵĽ֮УҲܿҪɣȵ㽨ɣ׵ĲߣС͵ĸ֮ǡͽڸԭϳҾ߱൱̶ȵķ
ণ
ǳصʱͻȻһ߿ļХԶվڳǽѭȥֻԶһֻֻſ˫ᣬ
һβֻǼ򵥵ͺգӥࡢӡѹѹһƬʮֻХ
ˣ
һԣȸվŵֻӥǵصݣһ͵Ťͷ塣һγֵķ̫ˣƾӥСӵºѶԸǡ
Ǻǣˣǹɡ
嵭ȻһЦ˰֡
⣬ҵ׼һ°ɣǵˡ
ǣĩ
ҵȭһϵļƬУܿӳǽȥ
ھټᣬ׼ӭУ
ҵӴ쳹ԭϣսҵԼĺѪһȣǰȥ
ǧѸټᣬɭϡ
󷽣ǧҲԼоʲô΢΢Щֻɫ糣
âܣҲ˰ɡ
屳˫֣΢΢һЦ
δУһ˹ؾиʮֻݾ㲻ˡһʮֻ֮࣬ʣȺݺ󷽣һ֧ǰδеӴڳ
жϲûдƬ֮󣬽Щݺ󷽣һǿҵͻȻӵƽߴӿ
йЮŴĲмͻҳս
ԶȻʲôûУÿ˶оһɽŵգһεѹͬˮһӵ
ϣ
ֻʱ䣬һս˻ʼʱ򻹵Ͳţһգۼһ㣬쳹ء
ˣˣ
һսûȵЩս֣ƽߴһ˶ĺɫսѸԾ
ս˸ߣڵ׺ߣһ޴ġȼյİɫ棬ͬһеаһ㣬һŨҵϢ
˾޴ս·ÿ˶һңǿɱ¾ѪӰ
һƥһ˶ߵԣͨף˪ѩֻȴѪһ㡣
һһֻԶԶĳһۣɲǼ˶оһɷĺ⡣
âܣ
ǽ棬ԶԶһۣԺѸһ⡣ңԶľ룬ɢǿƣҲֻһâܶѡ
ƥͨѩףѪĴѩɽԾ֤
¡¡
Ժиոͷƽߴͻ𣬾޴Уೣ˹սӵͬκһϯ
׼
ҵеǰɽͰӴ壬ͬһبڴǰһǿޱȵĸо
ϣǱһ˶ߣ־Եĳڻ谵£˸󺮹⣬˹ظԭҲȻɱޱȡ
¡¡սϵĽӽսţޱȡ
ˣǴâܣ˹ĳˡ
֮ƣңԶһطذҰ͸һ˿ŵɫձնɱھӪ֮Уһ֣Ǹħ˹׼ذҰڶֱ̣ͬһ㡣
âܸһ֣һ۾˳
ֻǴâܡһç֧
һԱߴһƥɫԣԶ¶һ˿ɫ
󽫼ǿ߶ͬȼǿ쳣УȻǰʲôǷѾңңо˶ç֧Ĵڡ
ǧڣǶڷ˵ȴڰеĵһۡ

ذҰɫһ䣬Եķ죬̲סͺһһâܾѾѶԸһç֧˹ص۹ڱ߽ıѾ㳲
ˣҪ𣿡
ذҰʵ
ǸˣԤϵһĻˡ
ݺݵȭͷŤͷһڵȱڵķĿмҪ
ڼԿ϶ҵǸСʮа˾ſһˡ
͢Ĺأж˸ԭϣ¹һĵоҲǰ԰ԼƲĸɸɾ˵ʱ򻹿ԳЦһ١
ռݵȱڣĴӪ֮˹صĵ۹󽫺׼ƽ˽ľ룬ﶼûκεжǾˣʱ򲻹û춼ҪԳ͢ڵʡ
ƽʱʱҲͰˣ컹治Ǻںǲ֮ǰâܺİ۱ǡͻơķߣһ·Ϯĸ֮ǡ
󷵳̵ʱ򣬻ҡڵͻϮĴӪɱǧɱ˽ա


771 ңţ
һǵʱ¾ͲΪ⣬ǻ͢һܵӡҺסһ㣬˷ѣǿ󶼻λҲҪʹ˲
ʱ򣬾ԼҲ޻˵
ֹˣҲͰˣƫƫնɱԼµĴâܡһԵĺذҰȻʲôû˵ǣܹо˶ڴԼ֣պʿ
Լʲô¾ͻɥʧģŪԺ붼пܡ
ȥ̸ǲԽսûҵϽжΥߣն

ǣ
ذҰϲӦһɶȥ
һ࣬ȴЦһŤͷһķ⡣СԼΪԼǴشˡ
âܿ϶ҪɱģҲһӲǣҲǧȫû֮
٣ս֮ǰǾԲᶯֵġ
Ϊսѡȱڵش˹ص۹Ĵ󽫺׼ܽõ̫ˣ
ᶯ֣ԲС

ˣĳˣ
ͬʱãã纣˹ش󷽣Ϣǿͬ籩Ӱͬŷķ
Ƭ򣬵˹ݣࡢӥͺաûʲôǵߡ
עֻҪ첻óȻ֣㹻ˡ
ç֧ư룬鵭һֳأ˳ᢵζ
⣬ʱעĶ򡣡ߴâܽǱߣǱҶԸ
ǣˣ
Ѹɶȥ

Ͷç֧ǱߵĶǰâͳǧ۱ƺƵֱȱڶȥжç֧УǱߴâܸͲġ
пģֻһ塣
ʣĶ
âҧгݣɱ糱δɵĴ꣬ö±ǧຣԼϤҰͷ­ԼɱǧգȻѸٽԭ޽ǳأ˹ظԭԵж֮Ѹ٣֮Ƶֱ
âһֱΪԼ֮ˣȻûȻ˱ԼҪ
ȵҹĴһҪʬΣйͷ֮
âܺݺݵ߬Žͷзѡǳƣâ֪ǳԼġ
ͣ£
ھ廹жǧɣâͻȻ´˴ֹͣƺƵųɺһߣͻȻ֮ͣ
ʣɣ¼Ǹ
âܴһӣ۱Ľ죬ͬʱʮ۱ľֱ̳ȱڣЩ۵ɫǽȥЩǽĺ󷽣ʳڲ޽ӴĸǳؼĿ
һУâɫϱԽѿˡȻǴҹǵľԴӣ˶ǧİ۾Ӵĸ֮ǰҲ㡣
սǰս󣬸̵֮ĳʼնûд򿪡
ȻʼʩһװᵽԭΪֻҪ룬㹻âŭˡ
е˼ˣ
߸ߵĳǽϣâʮﲿ£һ̳¶һ˿Цݡ
Ҳһȥɡ
³ǽϰڣһȺ£Ѹٵǰȥ
սţλ˧ĶѸٵע⡣
ϵѸٽӽСھҵĵطս˻ҳӿâܴʮ۱ڰĵطͣսգһߴ磬һ߲ͣԭƶ㡣
âڻף˪ѩֻȴѪĴѩɽϣߴɽͰ㣬һĿ絶ƽһֱ̺ɨƬȱǰµķߣϸĴÿһ¸֮ǽÿһ϶˿ŹκһϸڣͼѰҳѵͻƿں
̣âûзκεϢȴһεѹ˱
үǸâ𣿡
ͻȻһۻâܴһʱͬһɽͰӰͬڴǧǰˣҵ岢Ŀޱȡ
â͵Ϯ˵һΣҵڸ֮ǣѵ±ҲΪˣҵ֮˵£жʱھκΪͬʱҲ׽׷ߣֹؼʱֳ̲Ǽʧְġ
ƾԼ˳ҽâܾߣĻʲô£ҵԶԭԼ
ֲõķʽնɱâܣͷ
Ǻǣˡ
ЦЦ˵ͷ
һʱ䲻âܵϢۻ˲٣ֿ֮Ҳ˲ٵĽϧжĽ죬
ҵҪˡ
嵭һ˵һ߿Զ
â˹׼ڷ졢ç֧㿴ߣҲ޹˼ɡ⣬пգơϴ˳˱񣬵ʧ֮󲻵û˿ľɥڻȥ֮ǰͷ͹նɱա֮һ㣬һǳѲһҪСġ
ס
ҵӦһȴûκεĲĿһֱεڴâܵϡ
һƬţλ˧ңңԣ˭Ҳû˵
Ȥ
âûʲôȲǰҲˣֻɫսȻһЦһͻȻ߸֮ǽķ϶˳һ˲˫˵ע⡣
ԶķҲ̲ס˹ȥ
ˣСӵӲСͲ´âܱͻȻɱ𣿱ϾǸӿ׼𰡣
һС
ǲ£ôâܸ֣
üͷ˼Ƭ̺
ȻϣжǴ󣬸ϣâһͻ룬ɵ壬ǷжϿʮа˾ȷġǴâĴҴӱκĶҪֶθ߳ѶԸöࡣ
ôף´âһξѾɹˣ
ܹעߺذҰһСӱնɱʱսһˡʱǲƲɵеΣһԵһӣǰеȫƵСӺϡ
ҧ
ǣ
һɶȥ
˵ͷŵͷԶ
âǲڶ֣ΪעƾǵڴâܺͶç֧һ׼һ󽫣·һȫ벻ʲôʸ
úܰɣҪ۵ġ
һ⣬ָܿƽ



772 
âܣּˡҵյ𣿡
սգץǰȥЦЦ
ˣ
⻰âɫʱףͫֳһŨŨŭ⡣Ȼ˵ʲôеġʾѵӪǶǧʿԼӼĴϤҰ
õģܿҲյҵġ
âܲǰĿ壬׹䡣
ĺڴ
ԹЦ´â֣ܶ֡ϾǻһвɡƾⷭԴâܵԸǾԲ׺˵ġ
ˣâܣ㣬һͬ˹ص۹׼һĳǳԺЩǳأһ·˹ظԭ½һֱƽڲ£һֱĽ԰ֳǳ޵£ʾ⣡

ⷭâĿһȻŭ󷽵Ķç֧ⷭҲ΢΢üͷⷭһֳвҲͬںʹâ֮ĳͻֱв˹ص۹Ĳ
˹ص۹ӵϵĵλĻⷭκ˹صĽ춼޷ܵġ
СӣѰ·
âܱ۾ݺݵһûһ˸ǰŰ裬Ķ֣ûһ˲ǰɪɪġգʱ򣬶־壬
âܴûԹһƵֵز
κοҪ۵ģһὫʬ̤£ͷ­ڸԭԵЧȡҲе֪ǰƵ³
Ҿͺ㲻һɱֻǹ̶ĿģδҪ˹ص۹ȥ׵ĽвֹˣһҪƵս˹صĸأ˹س׵ػ壬ҲɱӺ֪ʹΪе³
ԣЦ
ˣ
󷽣ç֧ȫעڷϣ仰ʱ̲סüͷ
ԶķҲǽסüͷһ
ˡ
Լĳ۾һʶĿһԵķ졣ȻΪ֣ⷬЩ˶̲ס壬߿һۡ
סڣ
ɫޱȡﲻ֪Щ˵ʲôԽˣоԽǼҲɱԽء
Сζš
ݺݵ߬ȭͷһĴ졣
ԽˣԽ㣬ЩڸĺвԽζŵġ
첻֪ʱ˿һ˱ɱ塣
˵âʼֻǷŭĻô˵Ƿâ˶Ҫˡ
壬뼤ŭҵĻôɹˣҸıˣҲ׵㲻ǺһһһʿȫɱôƵ׵ĳΪʷ
âŭЦɫޱȡ
ߣ
δ䣬â͵صͷתߡգ۱˽棬һѸٵԶȥ
ǣȥȫ׼ܿһսˡ
۾΢УŴâȥķ
ǣү
ǵܿתȥ
ҵڿû·ˡɵâܣ
忴ǰ
үĩȫԸ
ҵ
˵ͷŴâܵķû˵âܸһӣһ׼һĿ꣬ͻĽ
ıĿյġҪȻҲСвˡ
âǰ˵Ƿ˺ܶࡣڵģΪԼľٶâܵķжǰ
Ѿûʲô·ˣҪâܵķжصޣͱｫɱ
ݣ
һѸٵĵͷжȥ

棬ǧĵطս˻ŴâܵĻӪ˷һ˫˫Ŀȫ˴âܵϣжڵȴŴâܵһƬɱ
ˣڷ𣿡
һ˹صĽ쿪ڵĿ¶׺ݵɱ
ûҵ˭Ҳ
ϣâܾȻ˰֣顣Ŀ䣬Ȼңңڶһ¶۰ɫ֮ϣһ㲨

Χ˶һƬ㵡âܸջʱɫĿ£˭ҲΪ´û뵽âܵķӦĽȻ෴
âû˵Ҳûн͡侲ȫ뷨
ʱ˿̣Ψһܱ򶨣ɫ̩ȻģҲֻиâսʱ伫õİ۱ˡ
ǸСڹ⼤ŭˣȡ
һ۱ŴâܵĿ棬еĶԻǶǸƵǹУݼ˵ġʵϣҲɹˡΪŭˣܹԸóѣľʹشˡ
񡱲ڡçײڡ޴ڴﲢˡ
һȺ۱âսԸϤˡԽŭԽ񣬾ͷԽ侲ԽǡΪʲô˱Ϊ۹׼ԭޡǸԭӵԭ
ʣ׼Ķ׼𣿡
âͻȻڵĿɶŶ棬侲ޱȡ
شˣѾ׼ˡʮȫѾյ˴˵ڼʱǰǾѾ֡Ӧþͻִ
һ˹𣬴âܵһʮһң͸ԭ˹ؽ칪
ܺã¡
âܵ
ǣˡ
ʳ
ΧһƬžȻʲôҲһεڻ㼯ԽԽʱ˿̣˶ڵŴâܵ
СӣһΪԼΪڵġֻϴϵ޴
â˸һɷϢ
âܷǳڸʲôҲΪʲôҪôЩ岼һ۰ɫ֮ǽֻв¹ֱŻ᲻ܲһɵײȥ˹ľУûκһ۹Ժ˹رƴе⡣
ζˣʲôԣ
Щ֮ǽ
âܿɲˣϣ޺ͻǾǰָ֮ǽ£Ϊŭ֮󣬾ͻ᲻ܲ˵Ĵ̫Сˡ
ȷʵȴ

үǻûн
ȱڣǰҵŶ棬ͻȻڵ
š
˵ͷ΢΢üһࣺ
âܣеĻҪԶԸұΪڣʵռŵһܿͻᷢڿǵ͹ˡ
â뿪ʱĿ£ĿзŭϹӶоóǹȥôˣս˻ǳٳûκνж
ȻǡвҪɱ¾ôס
а


773 ƻĴâܣ
âܱеĻҪ侲ⲢʲôͷâԽˣоԽҪһж񣬵ͬʱ侲ˣǴƵĴС
ΪҲΪΣ취
裡
˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬һĺͻȻӶ洫ս˻ɱսϣԵ쳣ݶ
ţ
һ͵̧ͷȥֻãã纣ǵ˹شͻȻһƬɧ˹شǰԶԶģâĿһۣһ˿ĹâͻȻ֮һתͷ˲ʧ˴档
үЩԣս
һԣͻȻڵս˫ֶӦòսǸոǸΣԲս
ȷʵս
ɫһƬءǻֻЩԣȴѾʲôˣ
˹˵ġţ
¡¡
ƺӦͻȻ֮䣬𶯣һ춯صľӶ洫˵ĿУǧ⣬ãã˹ش纣˷ֿڴм䣬ǧƵĺɫţŭţܶңңĶ׼֮ǵķȫٵı۶ȥ

ǧĺɫţе˷һƬͬһ㡣ǵ󣬹̳һɲǼ䣬˶ɫ
ү
һɲǣ˷׷ױɫһ塣
úõս˭Ҳû뵽˹˾ȻʹֲԡЩţڸԭһӴǼּٳײÿһǧ
ǧĸԭ˳Ÿǽķ϶ֻµһԼ߾ҪһƬҡ
үЩţȫס˶䣡
ԪҲͻȻڵɫһƬǡ
Ǻһμӹ֮սģʱ޷Ҳʹùگеľ棬ʱáʨӺ𡱰ǾñߡһƬҡ
βУţëס˶䣬ЧΪڣеĺţȫöס˶䡣
ȻâѾ֮սĽѵԤȾͷһС
ХսޱȣǺţÿһ̤ĿϡɲǼ䣬˵Ŀⶼʶ塣

ǸСӣؿˣ
Զͬڹ۲սȻԼǸâҲǺ֮ǣ޲ֽ֮նɱǷҲòϣ˹صķȷʵЩ
˹صռƣͻ᲻ܲ˵ĳ棬ǸĲ¹õĵ͡
Ǵâܲͬ
񡢱꣬ȫơƫƫȴȫĿµġ۱ټıѹԵʤ£Ȼ͵סҵ˳ǧĺţ󣬳ǰ档
ϸ£˷죬ִҲûҴ֮
Ψһ·ȱѸٳˣˡһôˣ˾ǧǹͻΪ˹µꡣСôӲε
٣̿ɻɻ
Ц翴˰Ŀǧڵķ򡣶壬û˿ͬ顣ȻҽԭκκǿԤϵİɡοСӻҺԼԣ
ˣ쿴
˼䣬ͻȻһӶдƤ΢̧ͷֻԶͻ𡣾ڵһţ֮󣬴âܵӪ֮УǧƵͻȻǰ
ЩһһɫĴ󲼴һϣ˫ֲУץһѶһৣɲǼ䣬İɫĩӿ£ֱƬԭһƬããġ
ٶȼ죬ֻһգۣ׷˱ڵĺţȺѸӡʱ䣬ԭϰɫ춼ˡ
أ
һۻĺţŽ𣬴𶯣ǧļ˻Ӱɫ𣬴âܵĴҲųˡʼ΢΢Ĳֻһɲǣضҡ֪˹ǰȥ
ˣ
һɲǣҲƤȻɫ
ţǰڣȻں󣬴âܵĹһһĹֱͬ级һ㣬ֻֻҪһǧİǧ๤ͻȫ𣬻ҷ
֪ͨذҰоʱͶս
Ȼͷ
ǣˣ
һƥɶȥâͶȫһ壬ʱɢңҲõʱ

ү
Զһɲգ˶ڵȴľ
ţ˵ߣ˵ˡֹˣЩɫķĩѸٵɢΧããһƬڵĸ֮ǶյӰˡǺͳԪΪҲֻܿʮľ롣
ţɫķĩк󷽳ǧ˹ȫ뵽᧿Σľ
û˵âܱĻҪѲͿ¡âܿƷ񣬵ȴϸΪ˶ԸԼķ䣬ţȺ
ֹˣõķ򣬻ЩɫķĩΪȫְɫʹ󷨡ͺѷûĿ꣬ͷӬۿۡ
Ҫǣ˹صĴţ棬ٶѾҪЧǣɫĸ֮ǺƱػײϳǧĸԭţ
£廹ûкʹâܿսµѾ롣
ôâܶԼһ⡣
û˵˵ԸоõĽǣʼһƬƽû˿ĲԽֹؼʱоԽ侲
ܴâʹʲôĲԣҲʹʲôֶΣã䣡
¡¡
صԽԽңÿһ̤Ŀϣһɣʮɣʮɡǧ򱻴âܳȷţţԽԽ͸ɫŵţȺȳζ
ԽԽ
У
ͻȻ鶯±ӣ͵̧ͷУȫİɫһĸоӿ
ζۣ
һɲǣ۾ȻһͻȻЦ
ͽ󣬴âΪ˶ԸԼţǰɫķĩҪԸԼõķʽʯҡ
ֻǿϧԭϸûôʯңԴâܲ˹˷ţֲΨһׯڣҲ׻õĳ䵱ʯҵĶ
뷨ûֻϧâԼ
ҵȥȫҵĺ˴ʱ׼ſ£
ͻȻڵɷ


774 ۳ը

ΧһƬ㵡ԷţҪˣҲҪɱˣʱſڵϣǵŶԷ̤
ǣүâܾҪɱˣ
һȻû˵б¶Ҳͬˡ壬Ǽŷֻ̫ϳˡ
˹˵Ĺֶοɲţô򵥣ôһѾ˹ش໽
һſڵϣڸ֮ǽ棬ţȺĹҲ㲻˹ش
ؼʱ̣ڵϣѰ·
ɲֻǧô򵥣һսܣǳİǧҲ֮Ϊ˹ꡣ
ûпǣ˵
忴ǰɵ
ǣ
ҧҧȥȻǾ̫׵ֻҪȷȷʵҪô;ԲΥ
ʮɣʮɣʮɣʮɡ
ÿһ˵Ҷýģ͸ɫŨܹһͷͷţŵıǿ׺ͭͷӴ͸ʵıͬһСɽһ㡣
裡
һţ·˰쳹ءţľǳǧ˹Ľ
ڽţȺ棬ɱЩˣΪɽ𡣡
ڸԭϽǣѰ·˸ϣ
˭ɱǸСӣ佫ʹѩɽѧ
һˣϣ

սգǧ˹䵶ؽȻɫͬЧе˹ֻҪźУôֲɺÿڱǣţȺͿˡ
轫·һ
СӣΪڳǽͰȫκ鶼Ҫ۵ģһҾ֪˹ص³
룬âܳŽѩĴѩɽԣ˸ĹâӦԣ·һ
Ѿõձնͷ­ڸԭԵƾʾӡ
ȫǰ
âһ£ٶ˲٣¡¡ĴԽˡ
ˣ
صԽԽǿңԭеҰݶĲŴĽӽԽԽʮɣɣɣɡ
¡
ڣǧţţĳ˸֮УҲһɲǱ˼㣬ʱ䶼·ֹ
ſ£
һ쳹أͬʱڴĺ󷽣һң˭Ҳûע⵽һ֧ĳ۵糸Ӻ󷽵ĸǳеֱжȥڳļ⣬һ漫Ŀ
¡
·ֻһɲǵʱ䣬ֺͣͻȻ֮䣬һ춯صıըд˾ĿУһųľ޴ҫޱȣҵıը
һʼźţ¡սеİɫĵشҵıըǾ޴ѹеţɱʹ
еըȣԵ΢ͬһ㡣
ҵıըΧӴֲ𵴲һͷͷڹĽ׳ĺţţͬһ㣬˲ɳȥҸЩںţȺ˹ҲȫֲһĲҽУЩ˹˴𵴲ԶԶɿȥ
Щ˱УıըֱӱըķѣһЩ˱ɵݴ濴û£ڲеȫɣһѪ
ֹˣҵıը˿µĻ𺣡ƬսΧڣ󷽵ĸ֮ǣȫΪһƬΧǰδеĳһ𺣣սΧڵĿһЩ߸ϵ˹Ŀȫվ
Щ˹ûӦѾϢ
䣡
һһıըҽ˻ڶսһƬҡ

ܣô飡
Զۿⲻ˼һĻһһʧΪƵ۹Ķ󽫣˽е̩ɽһսʶָս鼫ḻ
Ƿ춼û顣
ѾذҰѴսԵֻһ£Ϳڴâܵ˹ش֮δҵĵڣȥȻҸҲû뵽Ȼ顣
ֻǼ֧Ȼ˴Χıը˴ΧĿֲ𺣣ҾǰĺԶܸоǹҵģˡһɲǣһƬκˣܵһǰδе𺳡
ǰһѾȫԽ˳Խ˳ʶǷֵ۹󽫣ȷȷʵʵͽԣĿ̣Ҳȫ֪嵽Ӵıը
һ¶ڷֵ۹˵ҲȫԽԼ֪⡣
ɱ
ûȷ˼ԶһƬɱ춯أԭһը֮ڷ˷ϣսƮƮİ㣬һɫĳǽԾ
еҲŷųĶУ˻ţ棬һըҲڱըĲΧ֮Уѣ˰ƥڣſ£ǽǹһԼûжˡ
󷽵С͸ǳأҲΪɶߣסЩɫĩԳǳеĹҲɹӹһ١
ȫ
γʯһ㣬쳹ء
¡
ɽֻһɲǣǧһǧϾɲɱڣɫĸ֮ǽͬˮӵʱ˿̣ըֹͣ𺣷еİɫȼմսİɫɢսϵοʼӳ
彨ĸǰǧɵķΧڣʬһͷͷţûڣ˲ĵڵϡĺɫëⳡըʹУΪ֮һ
ǧĺţڵϣյùͺͺģⲨըмܵġЩţ˹ʬ塣Щսĸԭսʿһ彡˶ϣΪվøߣԵȼգ𵴲ܵĳҲ
ĳ𵴻㵽Ϊֹе˹˶֪׷ʲôֱը룬Ҳ־塣
˹ô룬ĲԶѾɹʵʩǧϵսϵһǧɲųɷʸУʮ㣬Ӻ󷽳ˮɱͣһһĵգһվǰ棬֮ǽ˹ûӦһãȻıĨӣһ˶ͷ­ʱ߸߷С
һнֻǿʼ
¡¡غǧӵ֮ӡѡʱǡǡ˹ܵشʿ䣬αĻ̻̣ٶȶ˹ȵʱ
һɲǣǱɽ

һ˹ͬոӰ׷׵£˻ãȻ֮УѾն壬صĵȥһǺ覣ľ֮ʦһȴǻֲ̿ǿ֮ĩǷ֮߼һȫһ֮С


775 ʤ
âܣɣǾһս
ŰڣЦսȥеȸֳһһ˹׷룬һն䵶۶ϣһ˹˴ϡּǿ˵ﵽ侳۷֮ȸеǰȫͬն
ĿȴʼշԶĴâϡ
âܺų˹ص۹ġս񡱣һϸʲô鶼бΪһԼ˺ţҵڣֻϧ
âȴ֪ۼ조۳ը۴ﵽһŨȣƮۿǾõ챬ըֻҪһ棬ܹһĴը
˵ȫǳʶ˵Ȼû֪
ĲԣҲɹķãЧ
˶Ѿˣ
쵰
âܽȭͷֱһҪҧˡ񣬷ŭѹֲסĿֲɱ⡭һ㣬ѸٵĴзӶĿɱˣڿѾˡ
һҪɱ㣬һҪɱ㡭
âңңԶŰڵ壬ĳȥܲˣƾʥ侳Ϊһǹǿɱ壬Ȼϴθ֮ǵ黹£Ȼʵ粻Ǹֳսͳϻâʥ侳ǿ߶ò֡
ڣûǶٶ£ȴǧ񣬱֮ӶʢâߣոǲԭǰδУ춯صĴըѾըĻ̻̣ľʧһƬܣȫʧȥ˺忹

âȻֵĲʣվҧҧ´˳˵¡¡ɽ˹˱ɥʧ˶־âܵʱȫܡ
׷
һĻһ񣬴ϲ¡⻷׹£һУѸټӳֵǧ˺ֱѸٵ׷ȥĲҽУǧ֮ƬƬ˹˷׷׵¡
ǧǧǧһ
ǧ͵ʽɱȥѸչԶκαֵոЧ˹ֻһͱøɢһЩ˹ͼ㼯֯һֽжϺ󣬵Ǵһ壬Ѹٻҷ
ߣ
â쳹սʱӣǧɵͣʥ侳ǿ߶ҶҪ˵ˡֻͣѰ·һסıӶ
أ
ǴΣյʱͻȻһĺŽսŽκһζ̫һҪӵĺ͸һûеûʡϵζͬһʱ䣬¡¡ƺʲôӴ󷽸
ͣ
ڴǰͬĺŽȻ֮ͣͬʱ¶ɫˣ΢΢һԴԵҰڴâܺܵ˹ش󷽣ڳӿһ֧˹ص۹Ӻӿ
ԶԶģһ˸߸ߵĺɫս죬һֻɫӥһããĴѩɽͼ
Ƕç֧
һݣһϳɫս졣˹ظԭϣðɫӥΪսͼģļоֻһˣԭ֮ӥç֧

ػ£ԥ´˳˵
ç֧˹ص۹Ĵ󽫣ʵȴâܻҪߣȻ岢ʱ˿̻Ǻֵʱ
¡¡һ䣬ѸٵתͷǧҲֹͣ׷ɱɽȱڵĸǳضȥ
СӣÿķӦ
Զç֧һĻ΢΢˱۾׷Ǻһƽնɱġ
ĸ֪κ˶Ҫ񣬻ûȶç֧֣ѾǰˣǶç֧һҲް취
ɱʱ򣬱ٵһˡ
ç֧
Ѿһμˣ˵һμ滹ڴƵľʦʱç֧è̫ӵļƲߣһµĲӣڴƵľʦɱķɱ˲ٵĴƸ֡
Ʋ߱ʶƣç֧ݶй¶ǵʱ򣬱Ƶĸһ·׷ɱԭ
һθç֧˼ӡ
Ǹƾʦ꣬ԶöࡣغʹϰˣҵӢܡϤҰҲ۱նɱâܾȻܸ
ڴƾʦ꣬ѸٳɳΪ˹ص۹в
ɱʢç֧Ҳòͼ֣зƵĵ۹ڣç֧붯֣Ҳò
죬㵽ʲô㵽ɱǲɱ
һۣç֧ؿһԶķ죬ܿջĿ⡣
ձ
ңҪɨɽȱڵǴϰͱģͷ

˹شձһս֮ԶѿĿɿڴ
СҲ̫ˣ
ոǳըɵǵĻҲ̫ˣ
âܿߵˣСӱĻҪԶԸˡ

ⳡսתۣȶû뵽ġһĽȫⳡսĽ𺳵ˡ
˶еĺ꣬ս鼫ḻԹִˡ
ЩĽҲòϣԼ壬ԴâַĹƣҴ
סڣ
ڽԾ˵첪ȻŭЩ쵰ѵˣ˭Լĵ𣿾Ȼ̾壡
涼û𣿶ȥľӣ׼ʱս
ǣ
ڽһݣæͷɶȥ


ѹֲͬȱڣһ¶ɫĸ֮ǽüɫ裬һϲ
С͸ǳǧ뽨ĹҲ̽ͷһ˷ܵĴ
ү
ү
ү

춯أԶĴâܣԼ˹˶Уһɫѿޱȡ
үոյôģΪʲôЩɫͻȻը
ս֮󣬳Ԫǵ˷׷׾ۼԣһ˫˫Ŀȫϡ
ⳡսĻǳ˹شĴըڣսѾһĻȻһ㣬˶е˼顣
˶֪һйأȴû֪ôġ
ҪˣԺȻǵġսȻѾʱսԶûֹͣ˹˲׷ġ

ǣ
˵£˶һݣ׷׵ͷӦǡ
ҵɳȥⳡսʧ

ȥš
ҵ˼ˣܿ켸ѸٵĴӳǽ۶ȥ


776 ڶսǰ׼
ܿ죬սʧͱ˹Ǳߴǧţʬ壬һǧͷҴɢܣûмʱҲˡ
ҾһҲɥʧս
⣬֮ǰĴըǧһɱâǱһһ˾ǧ˵ʬ壬Ӧûǧڱըܵˡ
ߵ΢ɼơ
һ׵׵Ĵʤ
Ψһⷢں󷽵С͸ǳأ߰ڱըڽּϵˤˣ⻹жʮ˱ը˶Ĥ

ʿΪȽӵѣȫſڵϣܹ˱ըķâֻܵһصСˡ
һ˶ˡһ˫˫Ŀ⿴壬岻ѡ
ȱ˵̫ˡ
嵭
ԴâܵԸ񣬺ܿͻᷢҿ»ȵһӵ׺ݡ
ʲôкүڣâҲûáոôıһϳǲҰܶ飬ıʧô࣬͸ӲǺүĶˡ
ǣâѾΰںүˣһֻʧܵĸҡ
ˮڣǵʵѵǣ

ڽ׷׵ոһս˵ġ˸ޱȣ˵ȥ˹ص۹ҲŲɣɡ
ذܣҪ̫ˡ
ҡҡͷ
˶̫͹âˣȻǰλ˴âܣ֪һ۸âܱ⣬ֻйһˣóսϻ֮
ڶôâۣΪɫ˼÷۳ը
ζ˾Ľ֣ΪʤΪâܲˣľԾĹȡ
âֻͣͲڸ֮֮һתնɱǧգӲܱ֮ʯ񵥣вɹ400ʧܿ۳2000ˡ
οһΪ˹ص۹ս񡱣δĴ󽫾ˣôֻ͡
Ҷ˵ˣүô˵еǸâܣҵĸоȷʵǸ֡һţȺˣҲԲô򵥡
ͻȻһۻ𣬴˵ΧһƬž˷׷һԵҵ
ذܣⳡսϵˣͬʱϵİǧԼİȫս֮ǰݲκε⡣
ҵ
ͷһԱԼ߳һͷҵ΢ɲĵͷҵȷʵδĶ󽫣κʱ򣬶ɥʧΪһıܣٴʤǰܹ侲ķǵжϡ
ȥúϢɣʱڣâӦòٷ𹥻ˡ⣬ٺ󷽹ӿǳصĽ裬ɵĽ죬ǳغܿóġ
忪ڵһ仰һ˷׷Ӧǣܿȥ

ôӣҪҳ𣿡
ǧ⣬˹شĺ󷽣һԻͬڽţֻԻһ˹صĵ۹󽫣һ׼
ޱȡ
֮ǰǳҰʵ̫ˣǶç֧󷽣ǣŷ죬ҲӲ
ӽ˹սʿһСĿټϲ¹սˣнӽˡ
ô֣¶ç֧ǵ۹󽫣Ҳòôȥ
أ
âܺԥľܾˣ
ⳡսҷģһԽսᡣǸ壬ҶὫɱ
ǸҲЩ˽⣬ɲôöԸġ֮ǰսҲˣĻҪƻѲһ˿¶Ը
ç֧
Ŵâܣ֮ǰսȫѾʧˣʧС˹ص۹սµıâ֮С
ǲָҪɱĿ꣬â޷ԸǶç֧ͱԼ֡
Ϊոʧ̫ˣʧı𣿡
âܶŶç֧Ŀޱȡ
ç֧û˵ǲÿɷĵ˵ͷΪ˧Щ뿼ǵģһ㼴ڴâǰҲޡ
ߣĻòŵģΪһҵİ۱Գòκαͬ⻹ǲͬ⣬ҶһҪɱǸ壡
һ仰âܷȥ

Хըĸԭһսζ
һɫĸ֮ǽ棬ϥǸߴ˶ͬһɽͰҵһĬĬ
˹أҪɱʥ侳ĴâܻһⰡ
һ򦣬ŵ棬¶˼ɫ
֮ʯԽâܣɱ˴âܣǴâԼʲô⣬嶼
һΪʧܣҪ۳2000㣬Ƕڵ˵Ҳһ֡
ϾԼķѪ˻غʹǣϣɹˡ۹衱Ҳֻ2410㡣
Ĳ໹ǸܴⰡ취ʵľ롣
а
һܿ칵ͨԺе֮ʯ󱧷ţҪڶʱѸٵʵǲܵģΨһİ취Ҳֻ֮ʯˡ
һϴε֮Լ˴㣬ڶûùͨˡ˵֮Լɹɡ˵ߡΪ˵ƿߡ֮ʯҲӦ˺ܴı仯һҲ˺ܶࡣ
ˣ
һ̣ǰһ䣬ޱߵĺڰ֮УһȭͷСʵ޻ȴɢǿʱղرʯƮǰ
֮ʯ
һֱæµʵе飬Ѿܾûôϸ֮ʯˡô飬ڵ֮ʯ࣬ҲĹ⻪Խ貶ĿҲԽˡ
4030
֮ʯϽǣ忴һõĽɫ֡
ڻ۵𣿡
аͷոջԺɲǼͻĻӰӹǰϢҲ֮֮սеĽ֮ǰʣܼ࣬2410˴ļǧ˱600㣬ˮý1000㣬дŸ֥й¶۳600㣬ս񣬽510
еΪֹۼȻﵽ4030㡣
֮ʯܵЩϢҲ̲ס֪ȻѾۼôӴ㡣
ôӴ֣Ѿ㹻ȥһһЩǿˡ
а
֮ʯһͣһ˴ͨѸߵ֣ûһǱĬѭ򽥽֮ʯĽҲֻǵ漰书ʽ
ˣ4000Ҳ㹻ѰҵһЩԼˡ۵Խ࣬Ҳᴥ򿪸ķӡøĽݡ


777 սף
ˣ
һǰһٴη仯֮ʯϷġ塱ơͬĹţ֮ʯͬĽԾ
Ĵšš֮Ԫʽƴơơ֮ʯһǷӡģ֮սġ͡ơҲˣˣ֮ʯзӡȫˡ
ĿһתȻľͽעתƵ˴Ԫġϡ
ϵ岻֮ͬʯֱԪӲὫߵʵƾհһǽܶԪصĶ⻷ԡһǰ֮ܿʯԪĽһݡ
֮սȣ֮ʯĽֳı仯
ԪֻԪЧ񣬸ıʣķЧ͸ıʣĶʡ
ЩѾǳϤԪЩڵѾûʲôãֻС͸ӷŲӣӶֵȼЧԶڵ廹á
ģ֮ʯ³ֵһЩݡ
գ½֮½һս֮УķնֵʵԼֵĵȼ
ÿһӷնԷķ֮һֻԻ侳ĶЧһ800
߼ÿһӷնԷķ֮һʥ侳ĶЧһ1200

ݣ̲סƤǵãϴʱûеġ
֮ʯᷢԵ޹ʵı仯Ż۵ĵӣҲµĽݡ
аģǡ½֮⼸֡
ֽǰǴûгֹġ֮ʯһЩĽ
ʵѾžһŴ컯һŲ¾û֮ʯı仯Ψ½֮ȻΪ֮ʯĽݣ֪½֮ʲô
֮ǰЩˣд˷
½֮Щغ˵ģǾȻ֮ʯı仯Ԥ벻ġ½֮ġաЧڵ˵ȷʵ൱Ч
컯Чټÿսһӵķնķ֮һȻԸɵâܣԶɺܴţͷʹһˡ
ЩͷԺзӶܿ˾
ˣ
һ֮ʯУšաЧĽͻȻâʢͬһʱһӴȴֺһɹɷ·𳤽һӿڡ
ָоܣֻһɲǣָоʧ١ȴһȫµͬʱ̺ȵԣҺѪ⡢ϸΪһ塣

а½֮ǳƣͬǳоƺ½֮ӵǿ󡣶֮Ȼûκεı仯оԼ˲١
֪Чôһʹâսʱһԡ
֮ʯķԶˣһεԵĴ㣬ǱĬı仯һ͸ȻǶԸ˴âܡһ¿ȥ
ġ塱ơֲͬĽԾЩͬͬһĵҲͬǾ󲿷ֶĿǰҪġ
ЩݣüâܵЩ嵹Ǻ⡣еһѾӦԣΨâ岻ò⡣
Ĳ˵һжʧܣâܿᷢģж
âܵпգҲûа취ȥȣֻܱ֤âܵĽԼЧԸδˡʧܳͷ۳2000Ҳ岻òǵĶ
ţ
ͻȻĿӹĽݣĿһ٣ͣĩβһݣ
սףʹãܹķԷκݴЧս϶ΪһԼǿߵ
һɾ͡˵ƿߡһóսףսս׽ɣ
һ1400㡣
ǿ߼սףǿЧսףֱӽĵȼһ
Ч߲ʥ侳
ǿǿȱݡս׵Ч߲һʱңһʹã֮ҵѣΣԼЧս޵Ĳֻ⣬˺һ£ս׶޷ʹáʹá
ǿһ1000㡣
ǿ80㣬ʱս׼Ĵ֮ʯĿռСͬʱս׻áЧս׻ٻ˲Զʹκ£Ѹٴսס

һеϢ嶸Ȼ֮˳˼ǵһεʱ򣬷ûġ
ѵ
ͻȻ֮뵽ʲôһѸٽеˡġ塱ơһġơĽϡ
սףսףӡ
ڡơһϣȻԼĶսײͬսһȫǻҰɫڱӡ״̬
ȻۻԽߣĽݾͻԽͬʱЩһҪĵԽֲ
а
ʼһЩֻ輸ʮѣǵˡաЩͼĿֲˣһվͺĵ1200㡣սȫһϸܣֲﵽ2480㡣
ǰԼֻ̾
ǾܶһҪ侪ˣЩЧҲͬļ侪ˣգսȫԶʥ侳ǿʹãʥ侳۷Ǹġ۹󽫡ǣܹǵģ޼
ս׵ЧΪˣȻһˣҪ2400ȴǿаһ˵ӻ侳ֱӰʥ侳ֻһĲ𣬵˵Чȴر
٣侳ġ컯ʹﵽʥ侳֮ǽȻͬġ
ʱȣƬ̣ûԥǻ80һսף˵ߣֻ֮1400Ϊսףټ1000ǿԼ80Ķǿ
ǰǰܹ3760㡣
ֻʣ270ˡ
а
Խǿ󣬶һҪҲԽ࣬ʣ270ѾҶˡ
ˣ
뵽һ


778 âܳ
үˣ
ɢӣҵһ˿졣
š
˵ͷ
ʱȥ˶ãʲô𣿡
ү붨ҲǸոһ£ʮʱ䡣˹ǱߡʱûС
ҵ
Ŷ
ҵΪʲôֲɫȻԼĸ֪УӦǹȥ˺ܾãǶʮҵ˵Լ붨ҲǸոյ顣
ʶռٶȺʱʱ٣ǲһġ
أ
˵ʱͻȻһŽӶ˹شӪգ쳹սҺ֮ǰκһκŽǶͬⲨŽ͸һŨеģѹֵϢ
ˣ
һ΢΢ĴزӶ洫ҵǰĲмҲ
һĻɫһĴӵվ
ȥ׼âǱҪ׼ˣ

ܵеأҵѸٵȥҲ뿪ͬʱˣһǿϢӶ洫ǧɵľ룬Ҳĸɡ̧һȥֻѹѹһƬ纣һ˹شͻȻֿһƥ˸£ף˪ѩֻȴɺѪսȻӴ˳
սıϣһϤӰ˹Ŀε壬źԶľ룬嶼ܹܵõԷֱѩɭɱɷ
Ҫʼ𣿡
Ŷ棬һϳ˴âܵӰ
Ȼλ˴âܣȴû˿ɣâ˹صͽ˹صġս񡱡
Ȼ֮ǰʹâйγ嶯ҪôıҪôȺͳսս棬ڶûй
ҸҪǣԴâܵԸȻȡһεĽѵûİɫҲһ۳ըԸ
Сӣˣ
ԶԶģâû˵ȴ˫ĸܵһɱ⡣ˣһ̣âһֻ־𣬾ĳźһ˹شֿڴâܵһ֧ȻͬĴŴ۳
֧ÿһŵս׳˶ԱߵȣǹǸͷࡣ
ļ⣬Ҳ̺˸ıͳ
ϵҲ˹ͬ
˹˴󲿷ܸԭӰ죬󲿷߶ȺҪЩÿһߴ󣬶񣬽ųվһŨҵɱɷ𣬸һǿҵѹϢ
ǿҵƣͨеģܹ֮һϸµģԭҲֻǧˡ
۱
ԶĽͫһ͵ʧͺرǺذҰܵʲô̼һͫһ㡣
԰۱ӡûб̵ˡǧʿյ̵˴âܺµ֧۱жôͿ¡
ϵ˵һжجһ㣬Ȼֻǧİ۱ÿһеĶһ㡣
һսʿȥ԰۱㣬һ߷ݰ㲻УɳȥһսʿһȥȻ赲סǰĽŲ
ǿʵֲֶΣԶΪĳ۱ǿЩǧսʿΪ֮
˶ԸѪɫһذҰЩĽ졣
ˣ
ʱ·ֹһ̾˵ĿУâܵصĻ£¡¡زǧ׳ưİ۱糱ˮһӴâ࣬ӵ
ʼǻļ٣ǵ˺ٶԽԽ죬ҲԽԽأ¡¡ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ǧ۱ȫٳ
ز̳Ȼֻнǧǵǧ۱ʱȴһǵءɽĸо·ǳĲǧˣ
ϣ
ǧʱһĳ˻׹һâܺӺ͵Ծ
ϣһĺ쳹սڸߴ˶ĴѩɽԾǰصɲǣһɫĹ⻷СѸٴӴâܵĽɢ
¡ʧһǿҵĹâȫֻһգۣǵɫľ޴ս⻷Ѹٵķɢÿһ۱Ľ¡
ֻ˲Ϣ䣬Ϣٱ䣬ǧ۱Ϣǣ˲һ˼ĵزֹˣǵɫľ޴⻷˵Ϣһ壬һƶĳǱǿòɺĸо
ˣ
ԶһĻһֱû˵ķ춼̲סƤ
âܡȷʵЩͣ
µĵսձâɱǧʿҲϡҪԸ壬ڴâܵɱʵһҲ١
ˣҲòϣâȷʵǸΪµĶ֡
ǿĹ⻷ͨԳܵ˵ġһ㣬âڱѵϾͲͨĽԱġ
ųƼѵıнֹһ㣬ıȻ̫൫ȴεػס
˹ػͻʺԷȫ޼ƿʩ
Ƿѵıʹâѵİ۱ȣҲҪμ穣ѷɫܶࡣ
һҲòϡ
ԼԴâܵǧ۱һ㾡ȫԴ
ç֧Ȼʵܸߣñ֮Ͽ»Ȳâܣ˹ˣʵҴƺĻпܣɱ֮󣬵һ͵øɵɴ󻼡
ţһɱ

׼
ԶŨ̹ǧ˹ذ۱żҲֱһӣ¶صɫ
СκεĶ֣οǴâִƵľС
ҵһ׼ʮʮ󣡡
忴Զɫ
ǣү
ҵҲоеأӦһѸȥ
ҵôãǵһο֣صɫʱ򣬲ʲôĶ֣嶼ܹһζԸâȴȫͬ
ҵܹоĳԸâܱκһֶҪء
ܹоĳҵеĲ죬ȴûн͡
ȻһӲûкʹâܽӴȴ˵̫Ĵ˵âǸӣһµĶ֣ҲΪ˹صĵ۹󽫣ǳԽç֧Ĵڡ
ڹ̫౻Ĵ˵ˡ
οһܹڴս֮󣬴ǧ۱סʳľŵĴڣôǷ֮
κּĶ֣ȡ


779 ۱
ȫ任͡
󣬺ܿһҵǧѸٱ任͡
ϣһսĳ˻𶯣ǧֻһ͵ı仯ɲǼ䣬ϢȻһ䣬һɭҵɷ
ֻһ򵥵ı仯ʱ˷ע⣬ǧڵλãΧĲľɱޱȡ
ˣô£
ŨҵɷСʲô
Щ˵һˡ

ı仯Ѹ˵ע⡣սŵսϣκһı仯˵Ĺע
û֪ʲôǧڶûжǸ˵ĸоȴȫͬøӵΣգҲӵ
ÿȥֻԶԶһڵķ򣬶᱾ܵĸоһĲϸʱֻǧΧƺһεΧĿģˡ
ǰû
Ȼû֪ô£ÿ˶ܸоóⷬ仯ǳ
Ǳ仯ʲô󷨡
ڽУḻʶ㲩ĪΪͳ˧ĺذҰˣͫâ㣬Ķ
ƵͣذҰָƣԼܱ仯ͣҸݲͬʹòͬ͡
ذҰս꣬ⷽܺ˾ԲࡣǾذҰҲȫϲ嵽ʹʲô󷨡
ɢϢսûеԼûмûŹ
ˡ
ذҰһʶߵ󶼻졣ۼʶҲûܹˡ
ΪĴ󶼻ͬʱҲļ֮һûж֪Ķ
ϣذҰŤͷʱֻ˫ü壬ڵķ
ͬĳɻС
ذҰһ𣬶ʱ˵ˡ

ˣ
Ǳߵı仯Զֹע⣬ͬһʱ䣬˹شĺ󷽣һɫһݣѸٵ˺󷽵Ķç֧
âܵǧ۱ȻǴǱߵͬ˸оʶǧ˳ң׷ɱ˹翳в˵ƣѾû˸Сǡ
ǰսϣЩʬҰڶûʰʬ壬Щ˵Ĵۡ
󷽣ç֧һﲻ鿴žû˿ı仯ЩϤױԶ仯͵ʱ򣬶ç֧ǰ㣬ļҲ΢΢ıһ£Ǻܿ죬ç֧ͷָԭӡ
ˣǸ˿²öԸҪҪɱǰȥ֧Ԯӽ
һԣһ˹ص۹佫ŤͷŶç֧ɫŵ
޺ͻϱǸܵʱ˶ٻЩţǼʶǳ˼ĴըڶǸͨͨĴ꣬
ˣ
ç֧Ŀֻ˸һ£ܿͻָ
âܵǧ۱Ѿ´ˣǧǿսˣôҲͽ
ǵ޺ͻؽǡ
һвʵ˹佫˵ЩʲôǺܿͱç֧ˡ
ǴޣâǴâܣҰϵľҲԶԶȲǧ۱
ç֧˵ƺ뵽ʲô΢΢üͷ
˵ҲЩǧʿȥ
ǣˡ
һ˹佫ӦţѸٵͷȥ¡¡ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һɻҳ˹صĴм𣬺Žһ𣬽ǧ۱󣬵ڶǧ˹صɳ۶ȥ

ˣ˹صĴɳ
ԶĵڶҳһʶԵ塣
ᣡ
ɫ侲ûκεĲսĿǴâܺǧ۱ֻҪĿ꣬ǧ˹巴Ǻ⡣
׼Һʱ
һֱֻ۾ĿεĶסԶĴâܺǧ۱ǧ۱ٶѾȫǰâĿֻһ˵ƣѾǵأɽԽһֻӡ
Ϊʥ侳ǿߣâܵʵѾﵽһ˵ĵزþ󲿷ֵηס
ǴâܵᶨĿεԶ壬ƺɱ֮⣬ٿĶ緢ʲôǧç֧ɳ֧Ԯʲôвһ˿һĲ
ɣһҪ㳹׵ķǣ
âݽҧɱ糱
ȻƷ񣬵âʵϲı󶯣˼ȫǺţȺۣ㳲ʨӲݣȫҲΪˣŻᱻץסᣬһըôˡ
ڴâְ˹ءս˵Ǹ衣
һâȥеĹǣеȫеĽС΢廹ʲôֶΣҪԾԵʵ׵ѹ׵һΣκε谭һƽĸԭϣûʲôܹ赲
󣡡
âܷϣһĹâͬʱһֱֻ͵У¡һʯǧˣھӪһǧĵطǧ۱ͻȻһͱ仯һɹɵĹâĹâϱ
ˣ
ֻһɲǣڸٵıУͺǧһǧ۱ͻȻ̻ʢͻȻ仯һͣ˹γУһǰδǿ͡
壡

أ
䣡
ˣ

ûκεףͱõɲǣǧ۱ڿռͻȻһƬһƬɱͬʱϷһϡصʱŷйÿһб۱ϢʵͰθһء
һͬʱҲǵǧ۱϶ʱһ츲صı仯Ѿǿıһɲǣʱθߵһĵز
һɽʹ󺣰ƣǵأɽȻǧ۱ϱ
ǹ޸ԶԶսķҲоһǿѹͺǧǳ壬ǱԼһ
⵽ʲôʽ
һɲǣҲ΢΢ɫ
âܵ˵˹ص۹ںμߵĸԭϣһܱ֮û̫ϵ˺֪ϸϢټϴâܵȲ϶ç֧˹صĴ󽫣սķΧҲԷ۹⼫ߵĶ۹󽫣󶼻˵һڹ۲ķΧ֮ڡ
һ̣ǧ۱ı仯ŸоԼˣԼǰСˡâܻ綼ç֧ȵ۹󽫣ʵ֮ǿ֮ս֮ǿ󣬾Ҫç֧в̶ȣֻڶç֧֮ǰ֮¡


780 ǿĶԾ
Щ˵Σˣ
ԣذҰڽԶݿһǧ۱һ˿ǵɫȻͬ廹ԼҶʱʶ˹˵˶ͬܡ
ϾҶˣңգҪʹâܽսġ
¡¡
ɽ𶯣ǧ۱һ棬ȴӰƣһǰҡ˵ʼİ۱һжһеĻôڵİ۱ͱ仯֮չֳΪ˹ظԭ£ͬʱҲ˹ǿֵ
ڵİ۱չֳѾһչֳ˿µһаˣţһʮĿ
ֻڸԭϺʹʳľ࿹Ŀ¾ŵĿ
¡¡ԭ𶯣ض·Ҫѿǧ۱ǰκһĽ춼оһս𺳣һѹ
ڳˣ
սı˰ɫ֮ǽͫŶİ۱ţ¶ǰδеء

âʩչŰ۱ڵ˹ظԭϣľŶս˹ʥشѩɽģԭǿͣ
ˡ̡һ˹ظԭϵģʱԶԶ˹صۣѩɽڽ̣һԭϵĽɡ
˹˶ţ󱽽ڸԭһѾʧģϵ󱽽̾ǸʱġѩɽǸıbһϢ󱽽̣ȫʧֻֻƬצڴѩɽУհ
󣬾ǴѩɽбģǸ󱽽̡һǿ󷨣âܵİ۱ô󱽽̵طѵɵġ
ֻڰ۱ߵذɫͼǴ󱽽̵ӡǡ
ЩǴƽʱ˹ظԭ
âܵİ۱ʩչ󡱣⼸ҲʹԭϣͬʱҲǿս֮һܹ۷ı־Բ࣬۱֮һʳľ֮ͬһ
ġͬҲУ
ֻϱӣûл조˹սâܵġ۱һϸ¡
Ҳãǿ˭ı˭ǿ
ƺƣŰڣĿעŶ棬һǰδڴĹâ
һʱ򣬰ٽ䣬ǿȻųǧŵһʥһЩǰĳϡΪһĽ죬ЩźûܹЩģǿĶһϸ¡
ųµһȻƺںߵսлõģһ˵ĳϣһûк˹ظԭ۱ûкܹƣܹ֥ͰĴʳľսûкͻ˵սδЩʵ
ڣԼڿֲеһźˡ
׼
וּһ죬ͻȻбָ棬ɫȸֳ£˸Ĺâһɲǣ˵ƻ۵һ𣬶ʮʮҲ֮˱仯
ԭֻǳ߳εʮʮͻȻ֮ɱϢŨֹ
ĿңңĿŶ棬ǧĿ⣬Ҳͬžۼ˶档
һǧɣһǧɣһǧһɣһǧɡ
ԽԽʩչ󡱵İ۱ٶȵļӿ죬ϱϢҲԽǿԽԽ£ǧ۱ϿգŤԳһ޴󡢹ϵģɫࡰeַţһǿѹ
ֻԶԶĿһۣܸоһεľѹȸС
Ȼµģǧ۱ϢΪһ壬ǧΪһʱǲΪļµġ
Ȼ״̬µİ۱ȴƽɽ
ŰʮɣŰɣ˰ʮɣ˰ɣ
ԽԽҲԽԽǿɲΪ˫΢΢ţȻڵȴһʱȴһâܵƴﵽ۷壬Ҳûа취ͷĻᡣһΣֹҪâܣҪ׵ĽĻ
߰ʮɣ߰ɣ
ԽԽѾǧˣѾΣա
ʮɣɣ
壬
һ쳹أâڴѩɽϣǹһᣬһȳ
ߣ
һЦеĳͬʱػ£´˳
¡
һ춯صľ죬ǧһֱȻ籼ڵĺһ㣬ȻХһɲǣʧԭΪ֮Ȼʧɫ
ϣ
ս˻ͬһȻﶸȻ˺ȥϵαװǧɽѰ㣬Ȼһɼµǿơ
ϣһһĹ⻷ǧ˲Ϣ䲻ͣ׹ǧ£ֻһǣԭžʱθߵ˵ĵزȻâܵİ۱űȫ赲⡣
˵ԭǧƴﵽ۷İ۱ȣһСӵĻôһɲǣ´ǧϢȻ˲ʹһСӱǵһˡ
Ȼ޷ʩչ˴ĴâȣѾӵ˺Ͱ۱࿹ʸ
ʲô
һĻâͫһ͵һ¡ȻһлԶûн
䣡
һĺƳգµİڳ˻һ𣬿ƺƣâһ˵ĿУһɫ⻷С󣬴ӰڵĽѸ𵴣չ¡
⻷
Ծɲǣ˲ųǿ⻷ϣĸУ⻷ϵͷųɢȫ
һɲǣ˼ʶ⻷ǿ֮
ʮɣ
ǧѸľٶȣѰҪײɵļ٣ǧʮɣʮ׵ķΧڴﵽˡ
ʮɣ
һºХس֮ԶǧѾ˵Ӱʮɵľ룬ǧѾٵͨսļٶȡ
ʮɣ
һ̵ﵽٶȣѾĿ࣬̾Ȼ⻷ļӳ£ǧﻹڼ١
ʮɣ
غһ̵籼׳磬ϳһģ׶೤İɫպۣǧﻹڼ١
ôô죿
ǧչֳıͳˡһĽʿԾֱӣԶĶç֧Ҳ۽΢
֪ٶԽ죬ԽȻʮڣٶӵֵزֱδţδ
ǧٶȻڲС
ʮɣ
Ļҳﵽٳ֮ߡ
һɣ
ǧٶ˼£غ·ܲסҪѿһ㣬ٶȸһɲǣ׵ĳ˴âܵİ۱ﵽһ»ûκﵽٶȡ


781 ʮʮ
ܣ
һɲǣâ͵һҧֳһ𶯡ǴѩɽشľѧڸԭһϵĽɣԣǧ۱ܹ˶Ϊ֮𺳵۷ٶȡ
⼸Ѿܴﵽļˣڴâ֪ܵУκİ۱졣
Ȼڶ̶һھԽޡ
ȻһлԶûн䣬âһһǿģͬɽʹһɱϢȻӶϱ
ʮʮ
Ŵƽʱں󷨾裬˵ǻۣνΪĩǿս֮һ󷨣ڵһ¶Լɡ
ʮʮ
ƽʱʮɳսѧǴɳǧɸѡģҾһͣﵽʷ۷壬ų֮ڣʮʮ֮һ
ʮʮ˵ľ󷨿ֲĹûκε󷨿赲
һִĽԾѧƥõ֮йһǿʹ󷨸ӵĿ¡
ͬʱҲʺµΪ˺ƽʱԸߵĶս֮һ
󷨣ɱǿΪ֮ǿߣĴս
ʮսѧУʮʮȻģȴƷǿģոͣûоǧٲٵİʮɳսѧ󷨶ʮʮȴǿԵġ
Ҳѡʮʮԭ֮һ
ˣʮʮѾƥˡ
˹صİ׺س̶µһûκһȿ֮ȣâܵĴҲص㣬ؼ汸зطҲǴâİ۾ŵܹڸԭشʳľŵԭ֮һ
ΪһսۣͬʱҲǼӰսۣⳡսκα˶޷ƹȥġΪһλԪ˧оµսۡսսսⳡս۾ͰС
󡱵Ĺ̫ף󷨵ķ˹صİȴǿûߣڹȴ̫ǿĴʳľ˵ǡǡǿǵġ
ͺìӲĶһŶܣйŶܵˣֻܱܱһֱһľսۣս֮ĶԾһĸԭΡ
ԼҪԸ˹ذ۱ţõķʽʮɳսѧеʮʮ
ʮʮȻٺߵģ͵ģȴʮǿг󡢴ǿģֻҪܹɢ˹˵Ĵû󷨽ṹȻơû󷨵ļӳ֣˹صİ۱ȻʵҲΪ塣
ԣҪԸâܣʮʮʵõѡ
ˣ
һӴϢǧϱֻһɲǣǧϱϢѾ˹ذ۱£ͥ
˵ԭ˵ĸоֻǻްѱ棬ھеľĻôڵ˲ʵǣ֮С
ˣ飡
âҧгݣѾǰһĻˡ۱Ĺ˹ص۹֮һ
еİ۱ǧѡΪѡ֧ǿâ֪ܲ˶Ĵۡ
˹ص۹ôâܲǧˣһĴսòͣսǣĥǣڵİ۱
ڰ۱ʵĴâҲֱӳȥҽǻ
ڴâܵУܹ۱ĲǺ٣ѹûС
ǴâôҲû뵽ƬԼϤĸԭԵȻһԼ°۱µĶһˣǸԼҪɱ塣
ڴâ˵Ǿ޷ܵ顣
ˣǶڴâ˵ⷴԽеɱ
ȫȫɱ⣬һ
âܸȵɱ糱Σ޷ϻкİ۱ƽƽǿ
¡¡еİ۱ǵءɽһ֮һһǰƳǧȥ
սֵزѾͬϣк˵ˡ
ҵ
һ࣬忪ڵ
ĿڣεĶŶĴâܺǧ۱
ǣү
ս¡¡ҵϢͬһŷ籩һ㣬档ǧϵļ٣Ҳϵһǿɱ֮ϳԶԶȥŤһƬʡ
ˣ
ǧƴﵽ۷ʱͻһӴĽɫìڴϷìңңĶ׼˹ذ۱
ֹˣǸʮɳĽɫìԣڶϸСһЩĽɫìǵĸʮìִͬȺһֲڴϷңң׼âܺͰ۱
ʮʮ
ʮìľʮʮǿĹ
ʮɣʮɣʮɡ
ƺƣ̳˫ľԽԽһս˵ע⡣żʮĲȫעסˣ󷽣ç֧ҲԾֱӣ۾ǰļⲻԾı
е˹شһҲһļžÿ˵Ŀⶼ൱ͥϡ
һ̣Ǻ¡¡ѹһΪսĴڡ
ʮɣʮɡ
սһ̴ﵽǰδеĳ̶ȡһ̶ԿԷзɱѪܹâܶͷ͹Ϳ´ѩɽڵâܴصĺš
ǣھ͵˼ʱˣ
Ŷ棬¡¡ͻȻǰδеս⡣
˹֮ĶԹ֮ʯ飬ΪһľˣһΪսıʥʵ֮ޱȵĿʹâЩԼδֵĶ׼֮Ľ֣ҲЩ֮Ľ
ϱûźһ̣һжˡ
ǿ˭ǿ
ĶŶ棬бǿս⡣
¡
һֻ̣һ춯صľ죬ͬӿĳˮһ㣬ݺݵײһһɲǣʱ䶼·ֹˣغ·һֻεľصײڴصһԭҵҡΡ
־Уϣ˭Ҳûע⵽һɫĹ⻷С󣬴ĽѸٵչ䵽۱š
۱ŵϢһҡΣ⻷У͵ĵһأϣڵһ⻷֮ǵڶ⻷
֮С֮͡Сսɲǣûκԥ˲ųǿ⻷
¡¡
ҡضΧս˻ûзӦԵĿУǧ۱ǧѾݺύҵײһ


782 ս
ϣ
ƺƣս˻һǣսսײһ𣬵뵶ײһײһ𣬹⻷⻷ײһ𡭡
е콻֯һսһƬҡ
һɲǣսʾеİ۱ʹõĶǸԭǿһǿ󣬼𣬼׳ʵǸԭǧѡġ
ͨս۱ֻҪһײͿԽԷսײýϹۣսȴͬȻǲִٵЩսȴͻʴԭսԺʹʳ˵սᲢۡ
䣡䣡䣡
սϵײһ𣬴âǧѡĶȻںͻսײУ˿ûռˡ
ɱ
ɵЩˣ
û˿̤ǵĸԭҲû˿ǵĽɱǣ

е˹ذ۱һ䵶ӹգХڸԭŹٵʷݻٹӣƹһնɱһľΪ֮η͵
˹ذ۱Ϊ֮ҫս
û˿ԵסǣҲûʲôǹƵĶаܱŲɵġ
һ̣Щ˹صԭǿһ֪ϻвǵĴڡ
һЩ˶
䣡
𵴣䣬һ䵶սĳ֮һݺݵŶȥȻâһЩɽƲɵ˹䵶ȴһխխĳס
ֳεĸͣҲûô޴󣬵ɫĽϣݹȴһɽͰǿġ˼ֻһᣬͽһ˹ذ۱־ڱصõһȴ˿ͬ˿һ
ôܣʲôʱ˳ǵЩѾôǿˣ
üһ̵İ۱һǲμӹ֮ҹϮģ׳ӹâܷϳͷ
Ǹʱ֮Ķ֣ǿųסǣǸʱڹսУǵʵӲʱ
ô޷ţ˿Ұ֮ϣܷʵĵطЩôС˾Ȼôǿ󣬾ȻԺƽƽ
ߣ޴ΪûܹԿ𣿡
һЦüһ̵İ۱ûӦâһһֻսѥм󣬺һ˹ֻһͽ۱ӶԶԶɳȥ
ܣ
üһ̵İ۱صײڵϣ˼ɳȥг𾪡Ϊ˹ı֣СĴڣ۱ս鼫ḻӹȥڣûַʽǽս
µһߣ죬ʤսʽ붼ûսͻ˶ʹַʽս
һμʶȻݣͻ˶Ҫöԭ
㣬˺үҴˣ
һЦɶȥЩ˹˿ȫֲ˺֮ʲôҲ֪ǽսѾһˡ
ϸս͹أսʱֻܳ棬ͣӲܻعͷ׷ɱ
еµ˹ˣкնɱǡ
䣡䣡䣡
սϵĽһ𣬾˵Ĺע£ǧһ̨ϣչ¶ԼǿľΣĹʽнǶȣλûвԹġ
Щֱ굽˰۱£Ӷֵĺ󷽳һ۱¡
Щ˼ڴСڳɽʩչ׾٣練һ㡣
һĻԶսԶ˹شһĿɿڴ
ţ嵽״ЩˣǴƾȻͻ˻Ҫֱţ
֮ǰֻŲ̶̵ʱ䣬¶ôģ
ֱһ㣬Щսٶ൱ٶ൱ĸսʿ࣡

һĽذҰڣһĻˡȻû˵ҲǱĪ⣬˭Ҳ֪ʲô

󷽣ĵģһ˹صĽŤͷĶç֧¶ǡ
һ֧ƾӣԲ˹֮
֪ˡ
ç֧΢΢۾Զƽƽÿ˶ܴ΢΢ŵ۾оһŨҵɱ
ܴâһսĽΣƵͬǧȫ
׼
ç֧ǰ͵һֱֻۡ
Ե˹ؽ⣬¶һ˿Ц⣬ܿתȥ
ܺ󷽵ĶǰսѾﵽҵĳ̶ȡ
ıԶԶ˵Ԥϣһһ۱ϵصڵϣս¡¡̳һһХȥûЩڵϵİ۱սʿ󷽸УһƥһƥХ
ϣ
һһ۱ֵĿУڶеĳڿһһĺ⣬֮ҵĿЩ۱Ĳ˹صİٺأַĵطҲû˿ô
Ѫ֮ôǿҲסĵ

һµİ۱˱ɱ׼ʱ򣬺䣬ĵط׹һһ㱡ɫĻЩ۱Ĳסɱһ
־ڱصãһһǽЩ۱ײ÷ţݺݵˤɳȥȴûнһնɱ

ͻȻһĻеﶼסˡ
ôܣ
˵Ѫ֮ôֵܵסĵ棬㾡ȫһ㻻ԼҲֵܵסЩ۱סˣҿ˸ء
ȫսӦóֵ
Щ۱һ׹⵽ô£
ľУǵһȫ֪ôͣЩ۱ֵܹսȫһа˳ϵԭΪⱡһ׹⡣

һĻһ۱Ц͵شӵվԭľ֣ʱȴһ˷ܣη壺
Ǵ󱽼룡
һɫġdַĴĶͷ֣ƺ̺һ꣬ĵӿȫֻһɲǵʱ䣬۱𣬹ͷһڽڵİθߣƺ˲һ󱶡
䣡
۱͵һȭϣУһȭһƥͷһԾս޴ͷսͬϵһʮɿ⡣
䣡䣡䣡
ͬͣطڸطһ۱ǣϵؽԵɳȥ
˲䷢˷츲صת


783 ֮ģ
ˡ
ʱ˿̣ҵսУһ򣬾۾ĵطźףǰȴ¶İ۱죬ץƴС͵ССΧϣԿŸֹŹֵơ
һԳУһԵСбŷΪһ¡ɬɫΧתλ۱ϵ˴˺Ӧţɢÿһ۱ͷġeĻϵһӴ󷨡
֮ġԶ󱽽Ҳ˹ص۹ʱ֮ʩչԭ
˹ص۹ܹڸԭǧһ򣬵ֵסʳ۹ľţ˰۱ǿʵԼĸԭףҪľһ״֮ġ
û֪״֮ʲôԭֻ֪󣬾ܹ֮ĵǿа۱Բ˼ǿ
ҵʮɨݻٴ֮ģ
ûȵ۱Ĵ֮ķƷһ£ǧͻȻ֮任ͣͬһ޴֣¡¡͵غɨ
ͻȻı仯˲˰۱ͣǰ۱ɨ£ս˫ǧ൱һɨʱҲ֧Ųס
ֹˣһ죬һɨڻ£ֱ֧ϣԪ±ǵ˸һ֧Ű۱λȥ
飡飡飡
һ赲·ϵİ۱ȫɳȥȫûһ֮СǳԪǣĶﾫеľÿ˶侳صΪ
⻷ãսÿ˶ﵽ侳صļԶԶԽͨͰ۱
֮ȻӵмǿķҲܹһ̶ֵԶûôǿһʱֵ֮ס
סǣ
һ쳹սԪ±ǵ·ֱ룬ңâܻɫˡ
֮ǰ۱ĵܣȻʧȥ֮ģȻܹȴۿۡ
âһעرܣǼҪľս֮Ĳ׵Ķãϸԭش˺ѵõԭϵϢ״֮ĺ֪
âôҲû뵽һ˾Ȼ֪֮ĵĴڣ׼׼ͻƣרԴ֮ġ
֮ıƣ۱ʵΪҲʧȥһֺԲǴâܹܵġ
ʣ޲ȥ
âΣȥ֧뱻ס
ǣˣ
âԣ̫Ѩ𣬿ʵΪǿ˹غȥ֧档Ȼûеȵ߳Զ¡ͬˮӿֻһͽâ´ʺ޲Աͽ˲ɢ
գһ̤£ֻǼͽ˹ͽߵıӰ١
顢޴ڵʺ޲Ա˹ͽ˲ɫ
һ࣬âܿһĻĻŭԽҧԽ
ڴâһսУڵһ˿ԺԼĴƥеǿ󷨡ʮʮչֳĹĴҪͿ¡
Сӣ
â͵һȣһ˫ۣңɱڵŴеȥ
ϣս˻ʯһ㣬ߴ˶Ĵѩɽһȥ飬֮һƥƥ׷߷ݰ㱻˦ɳȥ
һЩҽţϷ𣬱âϵ֮߰ߡûκһ֮Уûκ赲סĽŲ
âܣսһսھȫɢ
ħһͳĴâܣһû˿η壬¶ǿҵս⡣
âĺģͬʱҲжĿꡣֻҪɱͿɡ񡱣Գ׽в
ϣ
£ս˻ȫѹս˻һʱ䣬İѾ׵ĳɳߴ󣬹׳𣬾ķγѭڵСڻǿı
ٶȡʵ̶ȺͷԶԶһϵսȫԺʹâܵĴѩɽƽɫͥ
¡һڹµİڣ⻷𶯣һٶ˲ﵽ˼£ϳһģǰİɫˡ
ĺã
âܿһĻϲ
ԼԹñˣ
飬â͵һȥ˵ĿУʹâͬƥһһңźݺݵײһ
䣡
ʹâͬǰصײһɲǣһߴ׳ӰԺ֮ͬݺݵײ˹
һɲǣѣ޴ѹսɱսΧûвս˹սʿһɫľ޴âͬһ˼̫㣬սҵıը
أ
ƺƣڱը⻷ΧͰ۱սʿܲһҽţ׷絾ݰ˷ɳȥ
ߣС䣬ҹ
ս룬âܿһһͬɱɽͰӰһ˿ɫеĳǹһ֣͵һǹҵݺݵ˹ȥ
䣬䣬â־ڱصõһҵһ˶ߵȸֳҵµĺѪ˻ھ޴²ͣĺˣվǵ
âܣɲеС䣡ҵһɵ
忴һĻгһâȻų˹ص۹ġս񡱣ǺƽĩڵĴ󽫾ҵҲʲôС䣬ͨ󽫡ʷᡣ
ˣ
һ𶯣һһ»ӰѸٳ࣬û˿ԥ˲ʩչԼĴ컯
¡Բ֮ڣ𵴣һɹĿ¼תӴǣâڵʹôâڵ׷Ҫӿ塣
ڴâӦԣѹɲǣ¡âһ͵һŴâն˹ȥ

ûйҵһᣬȫ𵴣˲伤ڵķ籩֮Բڣ˲ϢƺƣɳʯһƬɡ
ڷէɲǣҵеȸֳ㻮գͬһŷ籩ݺݵĳŴâ˹ȥ
䣬һεǽӴâڱҵĹͬʱ赲⡣âĿ𺣬֮ͫбǧĹâ
壬ʮˡˣǧ˶ûõģעҪɥڴˣ


784 ۷Ծ
𣿡
һЦӷдâܵĻû˵꣬һɫĻڿն𣬰סâҵȼ

âܵͺһѸٸоԼڵȼԼʥ侳ΪȻȫ޷ɹϻ
ˣСӣ⵽ʲô书
âŭһ͵һ˹ȥ䣬һ죬ϣһȻܺʹâȭȭӲƴһơ
â˿˴˼ֹסơ
ʥ侳ܣֻµʱ䣬ôôͻƵʥ侳
ԤϣϿռϷĴâܣ͵¶˼𾪵ɫǧﵲסԼİ۱Ҫ𺳡
â׼Ϊʥ侳ǿߣֵܹʥ侳ǿߣٶʥ侳Ϊ
仰˵ȻҲʥ侳ǿߡ
ôܣ
ϴμʱֻлصΪǻֻǰ¡
ӻصʥ侳һ޴żеĲȻһصػҪҪҪڿԽ蹵ǾԲܵ飬ݺҲܡ
âȻų˹صսӵ׼ΪҲ˵Լܹһ㡣
ֻ˹ظԭеĴ󽫶û
ԣʲôף
âͫһĿѸٵһͻȻֵĺɫϣǺɫ׺ʹâܼκ׶Ȼͬ
ȴ֮͸һ޷ϣͺеһ
κεףâϵ״ѩɽشףڵǰҲҪȻʧɫͬһ㡣
ŵǣ¼е׶Խ죬Ӧóޱȣϵ׿ȴë
ӹǣȻϿڴâܵĸ֪У׾Ȼ·ӵԼĽ࣬һһĺ
£Χ֮ڣȻ߶Ťˣޱȡ
ʲôףοâܼǵոһκֵʱû׵ġ
һ֮䣬Ѹٻһףâܵڶ֪ôġ
âܣʿյĿ࿴Ϊһ°һսҲֹҪ׻İ۱ҲҪ㳹׵նɱڴˣҲе˹֪ʹԵ³
ֳֳĿ¶⣬һս⡣ȼգ½֮սףѾ֮ʯеĶȫӳˡ
رսףԼ뵽սУʱоԼսΪһ壬ս׾ԼƤë֫壬Լ
Ҫǣսף˲оԼʵͻһ޴ϣﵽһԼ޷ľ硣
ʥ侳
û뵽һӣԼȻ´ﵽǿޱȵľ磬ֳĸо޷
ɣâܣʥսǿ˭ǿߡ
ԺͷһѸٵԾ
䣡
âһͻȻһΪ塱һ͸͵ڿնŴâɱȥ
һżǿʥ侳ֹ˿ԻӰҲԣѱ档
ԭûʩչսѧģǴﵽʥ侳֮ʽʱ谭
ʲô
âͷһĻҲǻһڵĸоǰȻͬ£һɵķâ
Ѫ
ȻԾǴâܵķӦȴһ㶼ϵĳǹһһѪɫĹâ˲ʩչ˴ѩɽѪ
䣬âܳǹеĵطռ·ˣǿڿһ޴УɺĹâ
ûӰʱȫһеĸǷΧ֮С
أ
Ӱȼյϻ𳤽ʹâܵĳǹصײһ
Ȼûȵâܷͣ׹һһָϸƿնֻһΣնʱΪ룬ֳһ޴Ŀպۡ
ã
âɫһݣҲ룬͵ͷ­һԱȥǵָֻϸ۵ɫֱʮɵľ룬˴âһڼսİ۱
Եֵȫһİ۱һɲǿġ󱽷֮˲ǲϱһİ׹⣬ֻһɲǣͱĽͬϵİһȫ͸
ǵɫĽྡྷЪ˵ڶ̴۱ʿʬɢ
۱Զûһڳһξֱͦͦĵ˵ϡ
ѩɽ
âһ˿ŭɫһץ¡¡ɽ̹һ޴ĺɽͣȻִâܵ󣬽âܳеͬoһ㡣
¡
û˿ԥâܳǹһǰʮڣѿɽԵŻƺƵǵأɽͬʱҵһ𹥻
ϣ
ͬʱкâһ塢ҵһͬʱϡա컯Ϥбﵽʥ侳֮ǰĸѧɣҲ˳
Ϊǰ±Ԫ˧ͬʱҲߡʥȻʵûлָǰ粢ĵزкܶǿ似ʩչʥ˵Ѿʩչ󲿷ǰѧˡ
䣡䣡䣡
磬еĳһĲĽݺύԲʮڣΪһƬΣյĵâÿ彻һڵͻᱻյһ֣աںʹâּĶֽУ÷ǳЧ
ǡ컯Դâ˹ص۹׼ͬʱҲʥ侳ǿߣɵЧԶûжôЧҾ֮һս󣬿óâһ๦һĥʯʹô컯ӵѵ
ˣԴԴϵӿڡ´âΪ˹صսһʵ߳ҲȻ޷ѡ
⻹ϰ컯ʱж̣ǳ¡
䣬ƺƣɳʯ壬Ǵâܣ˶쵽˼¡ϣ˵ٶȣʱȣûκεһ㣬Ҳ֮Ҫ١
ԭģ
ʹâܽսʱһȦȦĿΧŰҵŭХ쳹أǾ޴ģ˴Ŀĵȸֽϵ£ÿһǶɽѵͬʱĺԲ֮ڣҡضͬХһ㡣


785 ֮ıƣ
Դâܺʥ侳ǿ֮սΨһܲͽģҲֻҵλδġͨ󽫡ˡ
˸֮һսͬʱȫƾųԪǵȾеĽ󷨣˶ٶˣ˺Χ֮ű˴âܣҵͬ
£ʵߵġκ˶ȫ޷ȡĴڡ
ҵʵҲǿˣâֵ۹׼ǿȫ޷ӵزʽ󿪴أƫƫ̺űըԵÿһκڴâϣȻȴ˴âܲٵâָԭϵսΪ֮ɵѣķңƫƫ޿κΡ
Ķɱ
âɱӯ¡Ȼһǿ壬ȻǹһתԥһǹͱԱߵҵһͻأޱȣǹͷĵطݣγУ߶Ťˣޱȡ
ǹϻԵýΪ飡
ҵûдﵽʥ侳һǱˣҵҲҪˡ
ˣ
Ԥϣֱ󿪴أѸͳɱҵһȴУǰӦһа㣬µĺѪڳȥɲǣͻȻһգˣһ˴âɱϾһ
¡ǹ⾢³Ϊһɫĳͬҵˮһ㣬ʮԶֻһ춯صľ죬˻һ۱ͬڣȫݰɶ𣬺˷
ڵǹĵطսһƬҡ
쵰
âаޣȴѾλᡣһ࣬Ѿ϶ɱӿɫ棬ǵأ˲ϢͬͲ˴âܵâܵ˲ܵȼ
һšաһš컯ټһš͸âʵԶԶ壬һʵʵļǰӲ
䣡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬塢âܡҵ˫ԱսһʱսһͻȻ죬ÿһһıըһɹӰ˷俪ȥս֮жʱɳʯȫҵĿ磬ȫ
죬ڤڤ֮У·֮з·ʲôεĶˡս֮Уһ㱡ţ˲ǧ۱ȥΡսϣԭһǣǹİ۱ͻȻͺƵƤһʵһ˲ԭʵˮ׼Ϊв硣
˲Ϣ䣬ôһɲǣеİ۱һãȻվʴӡ
ã
âܱ㾡ȫɱҵˣըԼ֪۱ϵı仯ʱ䣬һ򶨴ݵϣĲ԰˼֡
֮ġâǽǴ֮ı˹ƣȻ֮Ĺʣһʵϣȱ㻹ʣһҲûκˡ
һǲԽ󷨣ӳġ
ǣս˸Ͳ֪֮ĵĴڣֻ߸岻ơ󡱵Դ֮һֱûг顣һ֮ıƣǾͲֹǷƳ⣬󷨵ǿдϣᵼ¾ӵʵ
Ǽġ
ʮʮɢ˹˵ľ󣡡
Ц
ԤԤϣ˹˵ġ֮ġȻâһֱأ塣֧רԡ֮ġڷӳЧڴ֮ıƣһжĽ֮С
ڣֵˡ
¡¡е˴ζ䣬˵ʼ˴һתеĻôڵ˴ͻȻαãһɭɱ¾ᣬľͽֽ󣬰һɽȵɱϢ͵Ĳ˰۱Ĵ֮С
ϣ
սһͷͷ׷׵ء֮ǰ²ɵİ۱һ̶ʱȫѹƣ˫ʵر𣬹֮ȫ۵䣬䣬䣬սսײཻһ۱ϵ׹ڵϡ
ǰǹ룬״һȭɡɱͬһ̵İ۱ȫǶ֡
ǧ֮һ۱׷ױս̤ڽ¡ϣһ󣬵ڶＲ۶һӹգһ۱ͷ­֮۾ôģƺţԼڸԭϾȻ˻ˡ
Ҷֻһֱӵˡ
ҵϣ
һһٴγɱȥ
âܵѾˣȫóȫԼĲԴֽţǳûɱɡвʱڡ
գ
컯


ϻܣǿʽʹõ˼¡еĳҲһ㣬ʥ侳似Ŵâܹȥ
λҲڲͣر任ʱʱʱǰʱսĴڲûס˫˫ţʹĹøӵĵĪ⡣
һ࣬ҵŭȻҲоһʱ֮ɽХһ㡣
Ǳһ˶ߵȸ־޽Ӷͬ಻Ͻˮһ㣬Ӹ򲻶ϵŴâնɱȥ
ҵͰңЩ޽նÿһζɽѰ㲻ͣĴâܵ
ڵĴâȻɱžԵƣǻϵģѾԶԶû֮ǰôˡ
쵰ɱҲһ
â˫Ŀ죬ŭɶ
ڽ֮ǰһֱΪԼİ۱ѵصģϵĬ̶ҲԶԶھıֻ֣ЩƵ֪ʲôѵأоݣĬϡ
۱ǵĲһ¶ɡ֮ķʱͬܵ޴ĳʼձͣƾ赲۱ĳ
ȵ֮ıƣʵӳѸٵĻָԭӣͺûоܹһ
Ƿ۰۱һֱϰ˴ѹԵƻ֣۱ȫûƴӦԵľ顣
ֱԼǿĵˣ۱¶ɡ

һĲҽдӶߴɰǧİ۱һһַֹȷ϶ӣͬʱϬĬ˼ϣȫûм֮
İ۱սʿӶϵ˵ڵϣѪ飬Ⱦأ۱Ķϸꪲء
һ̣âжڵѪ۾Ŵӽڣûܵô޴شǲʮʮҲһٵ
۾ڶ̶ʱڣһǧˣ۾Ҳֻǧ˰


786 ڶأǬ
ѩ⣬
âɫ˫Ŀ죬һǿӵըɲǼͻ𣬷Բʮ¶ԭ·ͻȻ֮һƬѩ㣬ХоȻ˳ǧëѩ
𣡡
дǧ֮âһâͻȻȥͷϷһͷɽľ˫Ŀ㣬Ȼһצͳҵ̽˹
Сģ
һݣ˲һǿҵΣСâܵĴѩɽѾϤòϤˡһкʹâǰʩչֻ֣ͬҲȻͬӵǿ
תŲǬ
û˿ԥؼʱ̣һ˷¡¡죬аӰ˲Ϣ»ӰŷӶ
ĿעУڳ˻һһиİӰ֮СһɲǣԲ֮ڣнս˫ǰ۱ͻȻһֵĸоͷ·һ˲֮صת˹µϣִλ˻ʣͷĿѣ
Ǭ
Ǵ컯Уȴǿ۷С侳ԭǲ߱ʩչеʸģǴս֮һжʱȻͬ
ɽֻն
һ쳹أʩչǬʱҵͬʱ˫ϵҲһ˲㾡ȫʩչĿǰΪֹǿһУ¡¡һɫķ籩𣬷籩֮Уһֱ죬ֺ׳Ӷʮɡ
ˣ޴ĵ΢΢һͣ漴֮ƳŴâܺݺݵն
¡
ǿߣǿУһȱڵĸԭϽһֻһ춯صľ죬㣬Ϊһֱʮɵĳҡ̫
̫һ֣ţǵʮɸߣҵıը¡һɲʱ䶼·ͣŻԵɨս
޴ĺѹ˵սԶսѹĶç֧̲ס۾¶η塣
Ϊﵽâܡҵ̶ֳȣʵѾԶԶͨʿ󷶳룬ǵİ۱ּǿǰԵ΢
¡
׹ɢһ׳˶Ӱ˴һսķ˳ȥ
Ǵâܣ
ҵ֣һսĽȻʵߵĴâܱ׻ܡһĻ˵âµİ۱һĻ𺳣
һ˵ĸ֮ǣâȻˣǱϾǳǳУ˹óĸԭҰ߻ٶ
οâܻȫˣûˣڰ۱Уһս䡣
һսâȴˡҲûٶ
ˣ
֮еİ۱ȿֺһƬң׷Ŵâ׹ĵطȥϣȳԼ˧
Ȼûеȵǳ֣һӶӵﶸȻɱЩİ۱һһиȫɢ
ɵ
忴Զâ׹ĵطһ׹⣬Ҳ룬һ˹ȥ
Ҫɱâܣвڽա
ǬȻ֮ǰĴȫͬն
Хʯ䣬ԺзɿһͷȷâѾԼˣһڸش
ǬΪʦڵĸһεġ컯еľУǿò˼飬ֹաƶԷͬʱԴâԪȹ̵ʥ侳ǿߣֱӵߵŲǵֱ࣬ӽش
һвܶԷжôмܡ
аˡΪаŷɥ˶ȻɫĴڣԵĶֻǿߣһԪȹޱȣЩرһЩȹԪľѧԿ컯
ϧа˵ĴǬǰôһǬǵ席Ųǵ࣬ɢʯԪټһĴ˲佫Щд̩ɽĴ˸ɡ
һ㣬аǰԡ
âʥ侳ǿߣƷʱԼߣԼĪĺô
¡¡
ǰҵںϳˣ㳯ŴâܳȥǧѷĻᣬζҪɱ
Ȼ˵ʱʱ죬˳ȥɲǣͻ𡪡
ɱ
ǧźһ˰Хڰ۱ĺ󷽣ǧ˹ƹԼҰ۱ġϰɱ
Ȼǧ˹ﻹǼʱϹˡЩʵԶͰ۱ʱɱ룬һˡ

һȴҵɲǣ̳һӰӵϷ𣬷ɳ۶ȥ
ƥѩĴѩɽԣҵһǴâܣ˵һǿâܵ˳̶Զûеôء
ݣ
âܵʱڰ۱˾޴ķӦʧȥ˴֮ģ۱ͲĶ֣õâܵеİ۱ȫ߳ˡ
ȥȫ׷⡭ڶ֧˹ȫɱ⣡
쳹ȱϿա˹صĴʵ̫ǿָԭϴԶʱ嶼޷͸֮й⻷֮͡й⻷Ȼڰ۱ЧȴԶûеô
廹ǵһ
⻷ܵӰ죬ǶЩͨ˹ȴЧâܵĴ󲢲ܸǵЩͨ˹ϡ
ɱ
ͻеβ׷ɱȥ䣬ǧ˵ĵڶ֧˹ֻһ棬ָ
ϣ˻ʮʮĳ£һһŵ˹׷׵£ȫһ֮Сս׹ؾ̳һƬڸԭϻΪһƬ̺
ãӣ
Զʱ򻹲ãЩｻֵʱ˲Ÿо֧ţ»¾ͦԭ˴жôǿ
ȳˣܵ졣
¡¡
̳һƬһƬĴϵ£ʮʮƺ£͸Щֵܹסġ
ԭѪ飬罭纣鷢̫죬ûܹӦĹ٣٣߰١һǧԭϵµ˹ʬҰһ֧Ԯս˲ս
ں֧ǰ׷𱱣Һ֮ڶսһƬҡâܶ죬ֻܷųȫĹ⻷סʧ
ڶϺ󣬴â붼룡
ĴǬľˣڴ֮ǰâ붼ûȻǿĹһǿĹ赲һ¶


787 ܣ
ɱ
һĺɱ쳹ԭ춯ءһ۱֮ǿֵĶԾ󳹵ݱһһ浹׷ɱ
ȫ
β׷ɱһ·̳ն˹˵ʱĿһͻȻһֱۣ´ﳷ˵
ͻ׷ɱ֮У˷ܵﶼһƬ㵣ԭ۵糸ٶȣͻȻĳࡣ
ھ
ҵܿ쳹ԭλ˧ͬʱ´ﳷ˵ûԥеıڸԭϻһΣϵķ׷ɱź󷽵Ļسȥ
ڴ˿¶ţŲո´ﳷ˵ֻڹ̳УǧѾ׵ĵͷ׷ɱ˹˾롣
ϣ
Ҳ˵ͷ뿪ãͻȻһҵӵİ۱˹ս¡¡һ˾޴ĺɫս˹شܵķ򣬻Ǻɫϣһֻѩ׵ľӥĿ
ç֧
λ˹صĵ۹Ȼһֱ󷽣һƽ͵̬ǵâܱҵܣç֧ʱҲסˡ
ܵúÿ죡һͿ׽סˣ
ս¡¡ˮ˷ֿç֧˫ĿӥһƥѩɽԳڴĺ󷽡ϵϢصޱ޼ʣͬһƬɽһ㡣âȻһֱųƸԭϵսӵ׼Ϊ󽫼ֻһ֮ңڶçֶ֧ǰҲȻʧɫвСĲ
νģȻųֻһ֮ңһȴǾ޴ĺ蹵
ˣҪ׷˵ԸǻӪ֮ǰ׷ǣ
һԱߴһ˹ظ̽ͷԶ̳һĲʡսǺע⵽󷽵ġңѾúÿһʱԼҰˡ
˵ķӦϰģȴģǴ󽫾ĻԴⳡսҲ᳹׸д
ˡ
ç֧ҡҡͷķӦǳϣû˿ĳɣڴʤ˷׷ɱ״̬ʱ򣬻ܹʱɲһǷǳѵõġ֤һʼձ侲ǵͷԣڼ׷ɱȥҲûʲô̫ıҪҡ
ç֧һ۷ķ΢΢һ˿أȻܿջĿ⡣
˰ɣ
ç֧һֻƵ
ܹ赲һս˹شһҲ㹻ˡأһ˹شȫ󳷣˵˶ǧӪءͬʱĴҲص˸֮ǽĻ֮¡
һҵսԶç֧Լ˫Ŀƶˡ

Щ̫ǿˣ
ǾȻѰ۱ֵزâܶˣۼ˭ţ
Ȼͬ죡ֲϰѰϵıֵزǶСˡ
𺳰ǴôôıȻ˹˶Ƕ֣

Զֿƽıеϵ£ˡǧһ򣬶һǿİ۱һսһ־˰ĳ
ңȻڴ󶼻ԭ˶˵ɨЩպյ˹ˣÿĶһʹУһɵĸоϾһ̴Ҷ˰

һ˫˫ڴ۾׷׿һԵ˧ذҰսһǣÿжһֳ嶯һѪҪȥǲսڸԭһ˹ˡ
ϾǸԭԵػߣ˹˵Ķ֡һûм縺ػְ˶ܹôƴΪʲôɺأ
ذҰû˵ֻһԵĴ󶼻졣ȻĽʿͬ˿̵ɫޱȣذҰһʶһֻۣƣ֪ʲôʱ˫ǿ˻һɺɫ
ذҰһݣ˵ʲô

ҵôˣȥһսʧ
Զһ¶ɫġ֮ǡ棬סŤͷҵâܵǳԵۺսɺ;Ҳķḻңϴ˸֮ǵݼˣâܾһοޣʵøǿ
ƾս׵ķӦԣҵȴһˡ
˵ףʱ仹̫硣ҵǸޱȣе֣ƾһ֮ͿԸдսͨ󽫡ƾڻ侳ΪںʹâܵսлǳԿ
ûʲôһС˶ѡ
ҵƽûκεĲȴұߵļ򴦣ݣһƬ顣Ѫ򲻶ϵĴӿ͸ɺɫĿġ
ҵȴ·𿴲һͬ˵Ǳһ㣬Ҳһ㣬ͦޱȡ
ϸƬ̣ڵ˵ͷ
ȻʵԼʹâܣҵȻҪԶԶ硣𶯣ڱ˵ˣǶҵ˵ȻڳܵķΧ֮ڡ
ţһսöҩкô⡭սʧɡ
˵ɫ
˴˵õıԴأĶǽӽ侳Ϊ󲿷ֶ侳ټǴӶӻѵ֣ȻѾµǿ֮С
ǵĶֱϾ˹ǿİ۱Ѿ˸ӦԴϣվǲɱĳһЩˡ
Լ֮սܿ챨ǧʣǧʮˣٶʮڸոյǲսս
⻹߰ٶˣٶˣս˵ﵽһǧٶˣ
Դｨ⻹ǵһܵôشܹҲֻǧ˵˵Ǻܴġ
۱޲ˣս޲ʤĶ־ô׶Ըġ
˹Ǳأ
ĬƬ̺ʵ
ԷʧӦñǴ󣡡
ҵޱȣ
Ȼȥһ㣬˹ǱӦսһǧ˰ٶˣӦжǧˣǴâܷӦ죬ʱ´ﳷ˵սӦԶֹ㡣⣬жǧ֧Ԯ˹ڵһͺб׷ɱ
һǧ˰ٶսǧ˵İ۱˵ԲС֮£ٶʮսǸСĿˡ
ҲӲ֤ʵѹ˰۱ƻС
峤һڵ˵ͷȻ޲ڸոյսУһѰ۱ȫ̵Ǿһʳľ㾡ȫû飬ԼʱҲ
ֻܵȵԺȸֺͺƳ׿׺ȫʵȻȥЩͻʡʳ˹صĶˡ
а


788 ѡ
ӽڣֻµʱ䣬ԶԶûдﵽǰǿĵز˵вСռ䡣
ҵԭϢ⣬ִ֮ǰƶļƻˡç֧ǱߣºܿͻȡжһĿöࡣ
ǣү
һ£һ¶¸֮ǽ󣬴ָܿƽ

ôŵס𣿡
ǧɿ⣬˹˵ĴӪУç֧ȥڴâҲ಻Զͣ
СѵΪһ򲻹ˣ
âɫɫ޺ޣҧ졣
ç֧о˴âеĲޣЦ
һϢɣĺӣͽɡ
ç֧
ܣ
âܺԥؾܾˣ
ҳȷʵҴˣҵϢһһԽն£

ç֧Ǵһ˿΢Ц
ҿ
âܼҵ

ç֧ٴε߲ͣȴ˺ܶ࣬ɡ
â̧ͷһԵĶç֧
ĿԣɫֻͣҪâҪ󣬻õĶç֧ȴᶨ࣬͸һûеǿӲ
ӺͶ˹ص۹ңоԶӴ嶼ӵкܶǿߺͽܳұ˴˽
ԴâܺͶç֧ĹϵҲˡ
жֻҪǴâܾ飬ç֧棬ܾ˵ç֧Դâܾǳ׵ķݡ
˹ظԭç֧˧ӵߵľȨâ㾡ȫ޷֣ô͸ֵˡ
ӣսǶϷѾˣǲиʧܵġңⲢ
ç֧¶ԼΪ۹󽫵һ档
ܴâǲǸԭϵսҲµİ۱жôĿǰΪֹç֧ĵλȵѹ
âĿŶç֧㱼ʲôڵͷȻвʣڣ߱սç֧ʵ
ߣǸСӣҶҪɱ
âܲ磬˵仰ߡεսܣ˵Ǹ޴裬ԴâܵԸǾԲ׷ġ
һΣç֧ȴû˵ʲô

ذҰȥдȫٺ󳷣˺ʮ⡭ȫ뿪
ʱ˿̣˭Ҳûע⵽˹ظԭϣ΢΢ǰ㣬һ˫Уһ˿ɫ
һȺûõķôãҳ֡
ݺݵؿһ˹شķмȵĲ
һսȫӣô˹شдâܡç֧ǿѹ󣬾Ȼɲһʮ꣬δɵ壬÷ʧ
սƶƻȫʩչ
ܲԸôԣΪҪȡԼҪЧҲֻôˡ
գ
û˷ӦѾתͷֿȺѸٵԶȥڽһƬ㵡
ⷬٶ˶û뵽ġ
û𣿿ߣ
ذҰͷһķһ˿ӵɫЩͬ飬ҲЩΣǺֱۣܿڽɶȥ
ⳡսӿʼڣһֱ˼ӺԹۣ󶼳ǰߡ
һβͬĽ죬ȫսûһ¡
ˣ
ʱ򻹺ãȫսͻȻľٶ˽ս˫˵ע⡣
үǷ
һͻȻԶһ¶ɫĸ֮ǽ󷽣뿪һĿȫŤͷ˹ȥ
ǲվھ岻ԶĵطԶǹ̳¶һ˿ŵɫ
ΧͻȻһƬš
Ҫç֧֡
գҵͻȻǰԶޱȡ
š
صĵ˵ͷҲޱȵ֣أ
ûˣº󱻳ָ͢ҲһҪ˹˵ָɵǡ
ʼǸΪ˳Լ伫Ϊ۹󽫣ûдǰ֧Ԯ뿪նԷ֣Ϊֱ˳䡣
˹˵ⲻ취Ĵ󶼻λã
аԽ¶˶Ըľġ

Ȼˣ
Զһֻ˶ӥչ˫ᣬӷ󷽳𣬶ç֧¶һ˿Цݡ
ľٶ˿ȻǳͻأǶڶç֧˵һжϵС
ⳡսΪ󶼻ȴĹ죬֮ǰɿȱڣŴâܹȥľٶ춼Լ¶⡣
ֻϾǳ꣬ḻϽ󽫣ԼԸ壬ȴ˵ͲûԸԼ
ֻҪлɳˣç֧Կ϶һᷢԼԼ˻ȡսƳ͢ȡ͡
ⳡսç֧дľڷλĴ󶼻ֱһ̣뿪еıøɸɾç֧ǳ׵ķ
죬лˣȻôģҾͳȫ㣬ҵӣҾɵɣ
ç֧ԶһЦܿջĿ⣬߶Զͼǧϡ
ʱѾ죬͸ǽⳡսʱˡ
ʹȥȫ׼һһָӣ
ç֧
ǣˣ
仰Ϊʹ˹غ񣬶˵תȥ
벻ڶμ棬ǻַʽǿϧˣ
ç֧ͷԶһȺһ˿ɫ
жôĴսжôǿҲܹâܼΣˣԼԳֵһ̣Ҳ͵춨յĽ֡
ç֧ܣǸӲģû˿ӹһ۹󽫵׷ɱҲߵļǧаǧǳؽĹ
Զç֧ԴƵ˽⣬ĴԼһصҲֻ·һ
ѴâܽԺܿ챨ˡ
˵仰ç֧ܿоȥ
أ
ܿ죬һŽʸеĺţŽڸԭʸûгֹġ
¡¡սգǧ˹ԭز̤ţսǰ׼һ̤£ʱƬԭ𶯣ӿĲƤм
Һ֮ǰκһζͬһζç֧Լеױͬ˹ԼâܲЩ۱һͶս
ԽЩâܸûκεԥԼİ۱Ͷ뵽˴֮С
֮һƬྲ˶ç֧һ죬ûκεϢһӴģϢɢ˸оһǿѹ
ɽ¥սǰѹȼҵսҪġ


789 ս
ү˹Ҫˣ
ԶţŽɫĸ֮ǽ˷׷¶˽ŵɫһԤеĻҪĿöࡣ
ÿ˶һ˿رζһεսԱ֮ǰӵΣպͽš
ؽţһаţ
ɫ£ǰһ
ç֧Ҫˣλ˹صĵ۹󽫣ԼսҲһ
ç֧³溲һĳǿߣԼڵʵ߱һǿֵ߽ʵ
¡
һ£һ˾޴ĺɫս죬ɫĲӥͻȻ˹صĴԾսǰ棬һݳӰһƥߴ˶Ĵѩɽԣͬħһ㣬ӳ˵
θߴɢȴǸɽ󺣰㣬κ˸о΢СĿֲơ
ç֧
źԶľ룬嶼һϳλԼھʦйһ֮Ե˹ص۹󽫡
һɲǣʱ䶼·ֹˡ
·ֻһǣַ·ͣ¡¡ɽ˹սʿڶç֧󣬻һɺƺƵĺɫԼ
ɱ
ǧ˹Ъ˹ܾȫıһͬɽ鱬ըڸԭһ񱩵ˣӿΪ磬ȱڵķӿȥ
ӴضΪ֮ɫ˿һĻñɫ
ү
˷׷Ťͷǰ壬ʱҲָֻܰ
һվɣйϽڳǽðͷ⣬ʱҺ£
κεĲȻƵ˶ʱҵĹһ㣬а
¡¡
ļԽԽң˹رӿȣϵļ٣ڵλԽԽ
һ棬رжçֵ֧۹ǰӴѹ˶Ϊ֮ɫ䡣
һǧİɣһǧɣһǧɣ
ϣ
һȦ޴Ľɫ⻷ҫ۶Ŀڶç֧µĴѩɽԾɲǣͬһִĿ̫Ѹչÿһ˹Ľ£âµİ۱Ҳڼӳ֮С
˹һɲǣˮǴߣһأѸٴﵽһ˵ĸ߶ȡ
֮£ڸԭȱڽЩºͷͺǰĽʯһ㣬ʱбķΣա
ȫ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬һɲǣһ߿쳹գһ̣˵ĿУǧȫתͷͬӿĽһ㣬Ѹٵź󷽵С͸֮ǳȥ
һĻͻ˹˶Ϊ֮һ㵣ç֧ϵҲͣɲǡ
ϰ󿪴ϣηԶٶֶͳȥǿӲ򷨺磬ͻȻ֮俴岻սӡç֧̲סЩ⡣
ЩֻԼ˶ˣʱ뵽ܣ̫𣿡
ç֧΢΢һЦһѸ׷ȥ
ʲô̤ϸԭԼһǳغһƬĸ֮ǽʱʵѾԼվ֮ˡ
뿪ʱҲעλǰţҪˡ
ȫ棬
ç֧ʹ˹شӵ˷ˡ
壡
Уܣâ˶ҪˣΣǾԲܵģ׷ĺǣ׷֮ȥһҪɱ
Сģ˹ȫҪˣǸ˹صĴ󽫶ˣ
죬죡򿪳ţúүǽ
Ҽӽӣӹ̳ǳأ˹˹ǰǧȫסǧҪڳǽ¶ͷ

ʱ˿̣ûбȺ󷽵İǧŵˣǳডҪеĹͷǸμӹ֮սģʱ򶼱򶨣һڲϵذˣϵǿӦһУʱ˿̣˶Ѿǽˡ
¡¡
޴ĳŴ򿪣ԭֻҪ˸˲ĳţʮһæңŴ򿪴š
ˣ棬һȳţеӶӿȣͬһϯ롣
죡رճţ
һȣͬ㣬ǳϿջ졣ĹһжĳУ޴ĳѸٵĺ£
һǳأ޴ĳų׵Ĺرա
Ҫˣ
ɱȥ
ɱЩˣǱʱˣ

˹˵춯ءνսе˹˶Щӵ˲Ӱǵܵʱһͼɵʱһɨա
ʣЩǿҲǿç֧ˣֻҪд󽫾ڣЩ˸ֵһᡣ
ǧսХϵشһ¶ɫĸǽźȱڴ΢͸֮ɱȥ
һΣ˹شûκε赲ҲûзǵأĹдֱ룬ϰһ·ɱ˾ɶߵ΢͸֮¡
׼ӹ
һڴɲǼ䣬ӹ˳ǽʱֹģҲֻдâܵİ۱ˡ
¡һɫŷƵĹ׶֮ƣصײڸ֮ǵĳϡ޴ǳض˲ľ졣
£ռǳأ۱Ǽ졣ڹսУ۱ƾһףǧƹС
ζԸ壬âѲ̽Ҳ֪ȱڽһǳءеɫǴͷԽǽӹ׼õġ
ֻδսǧ۱Ȼû˿Ļ嵽ǽ£ʹ׹е

Хһ۱ԾɣѸٵķͷ˵Ƶĸ֮ǲͬǽʵ̫ˡ
ֻֻƬ̵Ĺһ۱ѾѸٵĳ˳ͷ
һڳͷģԶЩԾɵİ۱âһç֧ӿµĴѩɽڿն
ûʹκεӹѾھɶߵľ룬˸֮ǵĳǽ
쿴ü
ǽһƬңڶç֧ڳͷϵɲǣļ˷Ѹٷç֧
֮ǰڳѹһ֧Ӫܵç֧ǿϢеĹֶһɲǳˡ
С
ç֧΢΢һЦͦûЩ˹еļ꣬ɿ⣬Ͷ˿УȻ׷ˤȥ
Ȼһһܼȣٴα
çֻ֧ȻһЦᣬļУ˫˫ӹأѸٵѰʲô
ҵˣ
ç֧ȻһЦĿܿԶһӰ򿪳ţ׼ܡ


790 ç֧Ŀ־壡һ
ܵ𣿡
ç֧Цһ۾ϳıӰ
ԶϣƺҲӦʲôڶç֧ȥɲǣ΢ʶŤͷ˹˫ģ򶨣˫һɲҲ͸һ˿ľ̺Ϳ־塣
κμƻսԣھԵʵǰֻСӵ߶ѡ
ܹԸ󽫵ֻд󽫣ܹùԼķʽβٿطλ󽫵жǣԼһ㣬ç֧ƽǸΪġ
ϧ㻹ǵ͹һ󽫵Ҳ͹˷ɱľġעҪԭ򡣡
ç֧ǰȻһЦͬʱô˫Ĵ󽫣ҲֻڴƣֻǰˡٺʡŻ̫ݣעҪ꼻һ֣;زۡ
䣡
ç֧һԾڿдӰһ̣ٳʱѾǼʮɿˡç֧ٶȣķսҪΨһĲֻǻܺѡ
һʼ뵽ܣǶʱ򣬻ҪƤߣǾܵ顣
Сѣʲôһ£Ǻɰɡ
ç֧ȴ΢͸֮Ϸ졣ϵϢɽ纣ǳأ˵Ƭǳ֮һƬң־ײľܡܵһƬ
еİǧһƬңеļǧҲĴɢ
ç֧лЩͷһĻԥα澪ŻǼپţĺ£Ǽٵĺ¡ڶçֵ֧۹ǰһ漴֪
ҡ
ҪľΣļǧζˣһӰˣɢܣʲôףʱҲǱٳ棬Էֽšȵ򿪳Ž룬Ҳֻ·һ
¡
û˿ԥç֧籼׳磬ڿϳһİɫβˣųǳغŵȥ˺ѿɽХ㣬Хڶç֧ı󣬸һƬѩɽԭ񣬸ԭܲһͬһ㣬ϵ£ç֧γеԽΰغǿ
ڶç֧УӰ۳һֻ̽ľ޴Ĺ޺צ
˹ظԭӵĴ˵Ҳֻ֮һѡڴ֮ǰ˵ƬԭйɽͰСľޡޣЩޡ޵Ĵ˵Ϊ˴ѩɽľѧ
ç֧ѧģĴѩɽѧҲԭΪ˹ص۹߸ϣָļλ۹֮һԭ
û˷˼ɣçֻ֧ҪһͿԻɱ˹ص۹ҿǰĴв
ӣ˰ɣ
ç֧ǳϷصȻç֧δ䣬ͱһˣ
Сӵҵģ
ǳػصڶç֧ĺ󷽣âһһӰߴ˶ͬһ㣬ڳͷ֮ϣһ˫Ŀ⣬˵ĹâúԶҲܹļ²ѡ
â׼ΪͶç֧ȣһأɱģç֧ȴԶԶ޷֮ȡ¡һâѸٴӳͷ׹£ͬڵһ㣬۵糸ȥ
һжȻʼԴڲâ֮ǰû壬ǵڣѾֻһôˡ
¡
ԶһĺѸ˶ç֧ʹâܵע⣬΢̧׿ʱֻ΢͸֮ŵĺţڴһ˿϶죬ۿʱԱš
ˣ
ϸ룬¡˺Ƕç֧Ǵâܣ˲佫˼㣬һУųˣХȥ׼ʹ󽫣ٶȺ֮죬ç֧ųƸԭ֮ӥŴȥʦݱ¶һ·Ӵӵ˸ԭٶж֪
ˣç֧һըϳˣ˲Ƕɵľ룬һ˸Ƕٶɵľ룬ǰ󻹲һգ۵ʱ䣬Ѿʮˡ
һλ۹㾡ȫȥ׷ɱһˣٶǼֲġʱʱç֧ٶȼǣѾ쵽۶ϵĵزȱڣӵ컯壬׼Ĵâܣδͨҵڶç֧ٶǰҪȻʧɫ
ˣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ھ岻ʮɵʱͻȻç֧Ƥһһĸоӿʯ䣬ç֧Ƥһɨܿ˳ſڣϵӰ
˿֪ǳеĹǹͷһźɫۣɫͷɫ࣬һɫĴ·ͷ׷ɫŰ壬˿ͲСˣƣٶʮϣͷһǣٴﵽ˰˾ʮ
ǹһƬţ˶ܵʱ嶼ܵʱֻվ֮Ǻһһңһǵƽûܣ򶨵ĿԼڴԼȥΧȺγԱȣǳͻأ
ǡ
ç֧ͫһ£ʶһ˿ġǺܿ죬ç֧ͽ֮Ժ󡣲ʲôɣֵ۹󽫵ļǿ˵޹ؽҪ
ҲǸҳ赲ʱ˳ֽˡ
¡
󣬳Ŷ۱ڷ֮ǵĳǽ˳ǳصĴšصĳŴ򿪣ǧ˹ӵ˽սһ˹ڻʤ
ç֧ǧϵĺڲԥһըѸٵĳŶĸǳغųȥ
ѾıӰ಻ԶˡɱλƵͿԳ׵ɲ˹ϴ̳衣
ÿ˹ˣʥ侳۷壬ĸ֣겻֪ɱ٣һʮĺѵΪûƵ
Хʱ򣬳ſڣվҲһĺͻȻ˵ˣ䣬Զç֧ΪҲоһĺ⡣
Ī֣˹Զֵ֪ɽ磬̸ɫҲΣս˹أƽ֮ǣȻѵƣİճҲȻҲǡһΣǾһ鷳ɡ
ʱ࣬׷Բԣ˾ʮҲ촽鶯˵ˡ
һڣǼ䣬һ˵ĹŹֺ͹дӶç֧Ϊʥ侳۷ĳǿڣç֧һգ۲֪ӳԶЩһֶ²˵˵һ仰
ǵ棬˲˵һ仰һߵ˵ˣұߵ˵ֹڶç֧һ֮Уǵһöçּ֧ĸо
Ȼöç֧𺳵Ļں桪
¡
һͷΣյʷǰͻȻ˺ȥαװ¶˱Ŀڶç֧𺳵ĿУһۻģǿͬް㲻˼Ȼ֮Ҳĺϱ


791 ç֧Ŀ־壡
ç֧һ֮дû飬µĵ۹ûвʶģǰ߸֪֮УϱǹϢỤ̋޾Ժ͹ԡ
ôһɲǣç֧оԼĲһˣǳǧŷĵǵĵĵطȴһƬڣͬһ޴ĺڶ㡣
䣡
ȶç֧Ӧգ֮䣬һǿϢ·ɽХԱ߱
ڶç֧УɫŰ壬ͷ԰ףΡΡ·վվסȻҲһɽХӴϢ侳侳侳ʥ侳ϵϢһ˲ͻƵʥ侳۷ľ硣
ç֧ϴһһΪʲô㻹ûȡѵ
У˴峤̧ͷ˵
㣿
ç֧һ׻ʯ䣬ĻӹԺŲϵף˳
ǰŴӻƾʦʱ򣬱һԽݣòֻܡôߣ˹ظԭԼһ׷
ʱһɽȣ档ç֧ôû뵽ǸɽлԼߣȻ
޴öç֧λ˹صĵ۹϶һɴ㵵ɫ
ã
һɲǣç֧һ־޴Ŀ־Ķס塣ͻȻΪʲôô򶨣ƾǧ͸̤ϸԭս˹
ç֧һֱΪǴƵһλ󽫷죬ʱç֧֪ԼĴˡ
̤ϸԭ֮ʤٵսĲսӣеһжƿ֮С
̲ǷǰֲߣеһУ򿪸֮ǵĺܣֻΪѡ
һսĿ겢ǴâܶΪ۹󽫵ԼʼգȻԼûвμսĿʼû뿪Լ
ƾȻڣ˹ԶΪˡ
һɲǶç֧ͻȻӿĺ⡣Ȼ˵֣ҲӴ޺ͻ˵ϵǳսǶç֧ܹЩΪ⡣
Ϊ̫ˡ
Ȼֱһ̶ç֧Ÿ֪ĴжôĿ£Ŀ²ǻۣԶƿ֮е˳ᢡ
ߣ
һͷԺзӶç֧Ҳܡֻһ֣ç֧һǰһսݣ۹󽫼ǿߣԶԸ˵ġ
ûκһ۹󽫿ͬʱԸͬĵ۹󽫡
һ壡
ç֧ʱ뵽̫ܲ𣿡
һЦӶĳ⴫֪ʲôʱһֱܡͻȻͣתĶç֧
¡
ƺӦһ̣ҡػΣʱ侲ֹһ춯صľȻ
˾ֵĿУһźƴģ̫Ҫҫ۹â΢͸֮ǵĺλñ
һɲȱڸһƬţ޴ıըѹеɱҵײ˻ȫѹȥ
޴ĹȣԼƥĿ񱩾俪ѹǽŸĳǽѹ졣嵱ΪЩǽļ̶̳ȣ˳ɰǧļĺͷġ
Щǿĵ۹ǰȫֽͬһ㣬׷飬ƬǽŤ黨״

һĲҽУ˼ž𺳵ĿУç֧ͬ߷ݰ˳

һŵı쳹أç֧˸ոײϣմؼߣڶç֧һ֮дû˵Ļֺ̿ͲǿҵΣոӰΣҵԸӵĵز
˲ʵϢսɣǶãԶԶԽ˶ç֧ԤϣͿ²ǺԽ֣
ϣÿһӵ쾡´ﵽ˼ޡرڷߣһȫܹӳЧ
ľΪȻߵģвͿ³̶ȷ֮ǿġç֧Ȼ̤ʥ侳۷ʮ꣬ĵ۹󽫣⣬ͺȫһ
ڴ֮ǰç֧Ҳȫû˾Ȼܹڵõóףۣﵽֹּĵز
־ͻԶԶԼĶ֣ç֧᲻κսͷֻԽԶԽá
Ȼ˻𣿡
һ붼ç֧ĶУϡڶç֧ĸӦУ籩Ϣһǰһ󣬼׷
а˺˴峤֣ں󷽽׷š
ΪһεսʱãرӾʦɽ붯Լʦаˣַɸ봫˴Ĵ峤
ж嶼÷ǳأ˴峤а˶ҹʱִģûоκˡ
̤ԭȱڵʱ˴峤а˶ǻڰǧ棬Թݽġ
֮ǰսҲڳǽϿţûвͽȥʹâսҵʱ˶ûв͵˼Ϊľڵȴç֧찵һ̡
䣡
âһһ޴ĺаһۣһȭɲǼ䣬˱ըͬɽХһ㣬ΧʮڵĿɳǧǵأɽǰĶç֧ȥ
ǧ
аһ֣һǳƺܲѹʱҪǧﵽаһ𣬳ֺּɣǧѾ˿ڴ컯
ֹˣаڶԡ˽ϣѾԽߵ󡣶ç֧ʥ侵۷ĵ۹󽫣ͬȼĶ֣ӵмǿĸӦġ
Զç֧ͷ죬㻥࿴ҲܸоԷĴڡ
ǣһжаȴȫá
аֻǲٿΧϢȫ˶ç֧ĸӦһҲֻǧ
¡
ըç֧Ժ֮ѩɽѧç֧ʩչ˼ޣȻǲȫа˵Ĺ޴Ļöç֧ڿоҵķòסΣǰܣգۼһǰĹХź˹
˴峤Ĺʱ
һɲǣç֧ͷƤ飬ǻԵĸо˷
Ȼһ˱ȶç֧оҪ־ͷ
⵽ʲôˣСӴôĸ֣
âͫһŨŨľ
ոһɲǵĽ֣ٸоǳ۹󽫼ĳǿߣԴâ˵ڵͷȣһ
âȻų˹ص۹ս񣬵Ͼֻ׼Ǵ󽫡۹󽫼ǿͻȻ콵ССĳǳصУȫ֪
ĿǰܶԿ˵ġ
ߣ
ûȵа˺˴峤Ϲâһݣͷ⼱


792 â֮ϣ
ҹʵʵֲ̫ç֧Ը˵Ĵڡç֧ǶֵĴڣâܾ͸ӲǶˣ
һ̣âеĽȣȶç֧Ҫǿҡ
飡Ķôܣ
âƤݼҪҧˡȻзŭâܵķӦȴХâųͷȥ
âܣߣү°ɣ
ͻȻһ˵ʱʱ죬ڴâҪߵɲǣһ¡¡ľ촫ʯɰǧ
һ̣ڴâܵĿУһ޴ʯɵĹŴبǰסȥ·
ʯ
һֱûĻƲڳˣһ־ǿʯڻƲĽ£һȦȦ״Ĺ⻷𵴡
˴гʱȣƲʵࡣ
¡
һڻʯɲǣХƲ˵͵ؾһȭݺݵĳŴâܺȥ

âɫһĿ׺ޱȡֻ侳ϵߣͲһǹͿԽˣâῴһۡ
ʱȴҪġ
ˣâһΣҪƹƲ컯ʯһܡûȵ뿪ƲĵڶȭѾʯɵľ޴ȭͷǣصĺ
һΣâڱ޿ɱܡ

âзŭ͵һȭ˹ȥأһһСɱȭͷڿײһһ춯صıըƥϯ
ȻĽ붼벻ģӴɽһʯ͵زҽһƽɽ¡¡ȥӴˤķѣַֽľ޴ʯ顣
Ȼһȭ˻Ʋ죬Ǵâзǵû˿ĸˣĳȥ
ʱ֪ϵߣκεӰ죬ʱֵȴҪġ
ΪâѾ⼸˿ʼˡ
죡ߣ˽ǡ
Ի󣡡

бɲһʮߣһʮ긾ͻȻֵ֣һף˶ʯͷÿһ鶼ĥ̴СͻȻ׹ڴâܵܡ
䣡䣡䣡
ҡػΣûȵâܷӦ⼸ʯͷѾĳֹΧ
ã
âܿʼһɻ󣬵ĿһɨͻȻΧȻѾǰ͵͵˼һģһʯͷʱɫһ䣬вһǿҵĲС
ϸ룬âһΣ⼱ӣҪɳ򡣵ǻ̫ˣǻƲ죬ǶϡϣΪһ̣֮ǰǱ̫̫á
·ߣԼ򿪸֮ǵġšǾİš
âʱ뵽ܣ޿ܣ
ˣ
âһܾãâܲŲոճǰһƬ磬ԭĸ֮ǺܵľͻȻʧͺһƬȿռ֮һ㡣

Ǵâʵǿᣬո˵ʵͻȻһĪҲʧɫּ
ҿ
âŭһһֱ߱ĳǰȥһҲ룬ǿȫҵıһ۹׼ȫǹǼ侪˵ġ
ƥ˹Ϊһ˷
ּĹǰǽɷ飬˵ʯȻâ㾡ȫһȴûκεı仯
еͬţ뺣㣬ʧӰ٣
ֹˣâֱܱǰʱȻʲôûȻһֱû߳ȥǰһƬɵһƬ£涫
ϹŻ󣡡
âһݣһƬ
ڴѩɽʱ˵һЩصĴУ󣬻ü֦ʯͷܹʹöԷɱθ֪ǱϾСΪﵽ׼󽫵ļ־ᶨױԻԻ֮Ķûʲôá
â֮ҲֻһЦ֮
ǰȻͬâܱ֮󣬾ȻȫоĶɲı߽磬Ҳ鲻ķѾǴͳ۷Իݵˡ
ڴâ֪ܵУֻǿģ˵ʧϹŻſ
âûϵȱڵĸ֮Ȼֶ
ҪϹŻ󣬲ûа취ȴʱ䣬ʱȫҪġ
һǣâһƬ
ӣ
󷽣һʮߺһʮ긾˳֮󣬴â˲ʧâ֧һ䣬ɫˡ
ˣ
ç֧͵תŴâܵķȥȻûгغǵصɰǧĵһ㣬ÿһʮɳԼݺݵն
˼𣿽˭Ӳˣ
һͷƤ飬Ȼúڶһ㡣ç֧һͺһˮ˵ͷһ㣬ȫһƬ䣬Ҫͣˡ
ߣ
ç֧Ժ˲両ֳǸɫ࣬ʵǿ׵ĺߵ֪ǳֲĴڣǶᣬʹˡ
ӣҲ㣬ԼѱˡܰҲֻˣ
ç֧ǿһһŲƣԺ֮а˵ĵڶǰȥͬʱһ飬һ䵶Ҳ룬ȫŴâܱĵطȥ
Х·˺һ㣬ç֧ĸֵոΪһǰ㣬ŻԵǵأɽХȥ
۹󽫼ʵǿ󣬶ç֧һȥһɽ嶼ײ飬һ㲻ܾȳâܣҲܹ󣬺һ߷϶ôâӳ졣
أ
Ȼ䵶ոշɳɵľ룬бɲһϸСĺӰ͵ػжç֧䵶޴˲佫Ǳ䵶ԶԶɳȥ
ç֧жʱȥһɲǣԼ䵶ɵϸСӰһͨͨľ
˴峤Ҳڳˡ
ӣԼأѾˡ
ç֧һ˿ɫ˲ϢڴԻԲԶӶԶɶȥ
ʵֻҪͣ½Ųһһ԰Ѵâܾȳͷç֧붼롣
ֻҪһĳٶֲۣڵʵֻ²ֻǴâܣԼ
຦ߣȡҲôѡѾԶ
ˣ
ç֧һ·ɱԾǽͷʱԻâҲӭԼҪġˡ
ˣâһһࡢݵĽŲԻҲȻ˼Ӱ
âܣּˣ
һ΢Цɫݣ۵ĻڶУĳ˴âܵҰ֮С
㣡
ǵϤӰâͫһͺһû뵽ԭѾܡ壬Ȼʱ֡


793 â֮£
Ǻܿ죬âܾЦ
úãû뵽ʱ㻹ҳҵǰ
â˵ţɱ糱ˮһ㡣
Ǻǣҳеģ
΢΢һЦ漴˲֡ͬʱâҲα𣬳ȥ
ѩɽ
Ǭ


Իһ̫Ҫҫ۵Ĺâбը󣬺ɨķ
Ƭֻ֮һĲҽУһйƽ
ˣ
ԼСյ֮󣬹âһսףԻ˳ɫտտĿ⾫㣬֮ǰȫͬնҪǣһɴģӻϢϱһɲǵ̥һ㣬¶ʲǽս״ﵽʥ侳γһȻȻԼϱġ
ʥ侳ڳɹˣ
Ŀι˾â䣬¶һ˵ķȣ鲻ԽĲһ־ηηĸоⲢһֿΪΪﵽһ̶ȣȻȻ¶ġ
Ǭϣд컯ľϣڴâشλ˹ص۹ս۹׼սδĴ󽫾ʥ侳֮ͻﵽʥ侳ľ硣
Ȼֻʥ侳Զûдﵽʥ侳۷ľ磬Ƕ˵һоصıʲֻҪ̶һͿ԰ѺܶǰѧҲʩչ֮ǰܵ޷ʩչսɺѧ
һһ̵սǼ򵥵һأһô򵥣ǳɱӡҪǣڴһͨһͨǰʥ֮·Ĵ
ҪָǰΪԶҪôʱ䡣
ϲв񣬽400㣡
棬ʷ䶯âսԭʷı䣬Ӱ죬δȷԱ仯ͳ֮СڸԱ䶯ʽ2000㣡

ڴʱ֮ʯͻȻ𣬲Ų΢̲ͣסһ
֣
üͷдΪ⣺
Ȼ2000㣡
ɱâܽ400㣬岢⣬Ϊһʼ֮ʯˡǻɱâ֮󣬶ǧ㣬Ϊ⡣
֮ʯ֮ǰڷ֮ʱᶼûᡣ
֮ʯ˵ǸıԭʷӰ죬ԭӰˣҲһܹشĽȷʵǸĻȡķңв֮ǰʾʧܿ۳2000㣬ڵĽҲ2000㣬֪֮ǲʲôϵеĻô֮ʯķֶһȡʽ
գ˼
ֻһ˲䣬һܿͻع֮ʯ黹Ժȥо֮Ǵǰⳡս¡
ɱ
һĺɱӶдۣȥֻ΢͵ĸ֮ڣŶç֧ܣ˹شʿһƬܡν˧ϵԵç֧ܣ˵˹شܵ𺳺ͳͿ֪ȫǻԵġ
۹󽫣Ǵ˵ս˹սʿУԶܵġç֧а˺˴峤侳۷ĳ֣һ·׷ɱĳָٹ̣ŲѵĶҲ֮ˡ
˹شıȫȫԵģԷԵģһһȫĽ˲Ϣ˴ȱڵڴʱҲӳԻԸâܵʱ̣еѾϣҵĴ׷𱱣˹˵׷ɱȥ
Ȼûǿս֮ӳ֣˹Ǳߣİ۱ͬʧȥ˴âܵļӳ֣ʧȥ˴󣬻ս֮ټԼ˵ĳ۱ȺףѾû˴еֿµս
Ȥ
ĿһԲµǰ촽΢̣͸һ˿ЦݡһХգһط̳Уڳ˻ţХһѸٵķųȥ
ڳŸ֮ȥͬʱ΢΢һЦѸٷųڵս⻷
䣡䣡䣡
һһĹ⻷׹£ڰڵĽ£Ȼһ쫷俪ޱ޼ʣѸٵչǳأչ䣬һ춯صĻӸ֮⴫
үǺүˣ
үոջڶԸâܣүˣǴâܾˣ壬Ƿʱˣ
Ҫˣ

һ󻶺˷ɽһ㡣ȻʲôԸоһӴľȻ֮׳⻷֮й⻷֮й⻷еĹ⻷һǵ˹˵Ĵ֪һĲҽ˻̵ĽкһƬúԶҲܸоֻ̼ζ
֪һսԼӮˡ
ݣ
һսܿԾţ׷˳ȥǳ⣬Խһ¶ɫĸ֮ǽսϷȥֻ˹ظԭıһƬңǧֳһС͵ķʸΣڸԭ׷𱱣Ĵ׷ɱ
֮˹˼һû˸ͣû˸ҷɫ̻̣ȫֻܣζûСʱ̣Ҹֶ˳ںĴ׷ɱ
ϣʬҰ˹ʬ壬иꪣأǸ˳ģ޴ģɫӣ滭Űɫӥç֧ս춼ϳأббĲڸԭϣӭƮ衣
ﬣ
ĴʱͻȻ֮䣬һĺӽ´廹ûӦȦš֮й⻷ɫ⻷ͻȻ֮⻪ǣȦѸȻͬϴ̵ĺһ㣬Ѹٵ˷̶ȥ
ϲ֮й⻷ͻƣﵽأ
һϤԺһ漴Цûʲôġ֮й⻷ȻʱͻƣʵǸľϲϾ֮й⻷Ѿﵽ˵أԽ棬ԽĿ̣ʱͻƵأҲǸջ
ݣ
ЩͷԺзӶһܿ쳯ǰȥһһӰڼٵĳԼķӶȥ
ʦ
峤
лüһϲ⣬ѸٵӭȥսĹʦа˺˴峤ˣǣƾԼʵҪսʤç֧е
ʦ峤ôˣç֧׷𣿡
ھһɫ֮ǽԶĵط巭аˡ˾һ


794 ֮ززĶç֧
ûУȷʵЩҺͷںһֱ׷ɱ赲һ£Ȼ֮زز
а˵ͺ˵һ޹صС¡
ç֧˹ص۹󽫣Ǹԭ֮ӥָʥ侳۷ڣǵа˿Уȴһ򵥵ġ󱲡ˣȴκβס
ç֧ȻҲʥ侳۷Ĵڣȴʦ˲٣̤ʥ侳۷ʱҲԶûʦ磬һ󱲡˿Ϊңʦаˡǰ޵ġаһˡ֪նɱĶ֣նɱʥ侳Ҳ¼еšǿΪ̸֮ɫ䡣
£ʸƽƽģ޼
δĩʱΪ±Ԫ˧Ϊʷǿʥʱ򣬶˵аˡȻͬո㣬߸ϵĴڡ
Լˣç֧͸ûʲôʱˡ
Ҳڲ֪˹صĵ۹󽫣֪ƣ˵ʲôҲ뿪ˡ
˴峤ͷİ׷ʱҲԱ̾Ϣţڵ
ţ
Աüëһ̲סڵ
峤⵽ô£
ոȱںŵʱͿһߣΪ˹ص۹Ĵ󽫣ç֧Ȼ˴峤ʶֱŵġ
˴峤ҲûҲͰѵǶξ˵˳
ԣç֧Ϊѣ뵽˴УΪƲԭ򣬴峤ְ˳
üͷʵ
ˡ
˴峤̾˿˵ͷ˴峤ε飬ҲǳĬƲ˴ΧĻͬʱҲǸգ˭ֻҪܻƲ죬ܹøУֵܣΪԼˡ
һ㣬֪Ҳ֪ܹһ˴ˡֻôҲû뵽ܵǸ˾ȻǶç֧
һһģǰھкò׿һѶç֧¶ݣû뵽ΪƲӹһ١
ҲֻܿЦѣƲǸգıԣ˭Ҳı䲻ˡç֧õһ㣬ʵ޿κΡ
峤ؽ⣬ç֧Ӧܵ˲ٵľţȱڣʧ˲ٱսһ׼ĴâܣʱӦòˡ
尲ο
㵹˵ˣȻˣҺͷҲˣûСʱ䣬ǾԲָܻ˵ġ
а˺ɫͻȻڵɫһɰ⡣

һϲԻжԸâܣԲ֪ĶҲû뵽Զç֧ʵǱʦ˴峤ˡĻҲζţжԤеĻҪɹ
̫ˣδܳһʱ䣬ç֧˹ظԭı֣Ӳвˡ
һ˷ܣ
ˣʦç֧ʹطôôƵģ
֮սʹôѩɽطôһ޴ĽɫӣһƵס׻ľȫһӣһĻ˼ӡ
ç֧Ϊ˹صĵ۹󽫣϶Ҳط
ûʲô˵ģط൱򵥣ֻܽ˵ԽõԽ࣬ԽԶõԽ١ҪطֻҪɱߵ˾Ϳˡ
а赭д
˵òطȷʵʲô˵ġ
˴峤ɫҲһԸ͵

λһƽͺ˼΢Сһʱ˵ˡѩɽ书ôƵҲΪ˹ص۹ʥأ˹ҲΪƵĸ֮ˡ
Ҷç֧ôˣɰǧЩ˲ֻΪç֧ṩͬʱҲܹܵç֧ļӳ֣Ҫɱǣ̸ףʦ˴峤ĿУⷴΪһԷˮһС¡
¡¡
˵ʱͻȻԶ̳һ޴ͬʱˡŤͷֻɰǧɱ
ǴƵ
˴峤΢΢˱۾ԶԴƵľӲ̫˽⣬ܹµķֱıԼ˵ġ

建ڵжȻʱɱģȻ֮ǰһֱϹ۵ͷ졣
͵ģ
âѾˣç֧Ҳˣ˹ؾһƬɢ粻ƫƫڴѶ׷𱱣׼ոʤʵʱɱⲻ
ʲô
аҲĻŤͷ֧ɱķٶȼ죬ǴԶѾٶ˼ޣټзĹ⻷ӳֱ֣ͬ׳һ㣬ֻһգۣͬһ㣬ݺݵɱӵ˹شС
ϣ
һʱ䲻֪˹ﱻײ£̤ûͣû֯Ҳû˴âܺͶç֧ڵ˹شĻ̻̣Ⱥףֻ׸ѣο컹Դӳ֡
¡¡
ҡضһҵıըȺܼĵطһĲҽУ죬ɰǧ˹ʿ˴һɽʹ󺣰գݺݵըɳȥ
ֻһսһƬƬտսУһߴ׳˶Ӱһ󵶣˵ĸо˫·ضһ㣬һϢҲҶһּȵΣոУ̲סηҪԶԶġ
Ƭս֮ϣǵ֮ߣͳμǿڡеʿǰ۱ǰͬϰС
죡
һ۾˳ڸ֮Ǽ죬ӡԺǡ
λĴ󶼻ǹȻǽ赶ɱˣöç֧˹˵ԸԼڿԣç֧սܣִ߶͡ûʲôӱƵģǧҲͳĴҲ˵ҪͣԼô
ѾԲµĴ㣬û⣬ºܿͻ鳯͢һսĹȫᵽԼϡ
ϾһսԼͷ֮⣬ûԹۣտѱ棬׷Ҳ԰ڳ֤ԼȷȷʵʵμһսԼζġ
쵰սʱ򣬱˭Ҫ͵ʱ򣬱˶Ҫõ˵ԸԼˡѵΪᣬͣݱͣû취𣿣
忴ԶǵӰҲ̲סһ˿ջɫ
ʦ峤ȥ
ͻȻһŷķ۳Ҷȥ
Ҳȥɣ
а˺˴峤࿴һۣҲȥ
ԶѾһЩʿһ𣬵Ϲȥʱеʿ׷˿ʿ壬ʶĵͷ˿
ĿӹӰһ¶һ˿ɫ


795 ͷν棡
һսĺܲصΪػȴûоػְӦʱûнսʱͣʵڲһĽʿΪ
ԭ֣һȻѵ
սգĳ֣ʱ·ֹΧһƬšеĿ׷׻㼯ϣս룬ǵ׳˶·˫ӰҲȻͣĿѩվһ
˫ϡԵĿϣĿ˿Ĳ
壬㸨˹йһ೯͢Ĺͣ
忪ڣ˵ֱ̬״֪Ϊ˹ؼսεģǷ
ôĹͣ˵ҲҪʹһˡǰһֻ꣬͸˰ɡ
Ӹ£ŰڣǼЦ

һ䣬һƬŭ⡣ڹڷ̷ڹؼʱսʱ͡
û˵ҲŭӿԶǴʱȴǰ䳰ȷֱǷ
塭
ɫһ䣬ҪڣͻȻ֮Ŀӹ߹Ӱͫһͺһеŭʱȫɢһ˵вдӽŵһֱչȫ
ûκεɣȫâڱ
ǣ
˳ç֧֮ǵʱǿ󡢿ֲϢӳǳڱǸ˺Զľ룬춼ܸоõвͿ¡
Ϊˣоб䣬ŵϣȫǰս
û뵽С߻ϵ׻жܣ
쿴һһ׻߹Ӱһ˿ļɵ
ߣһɽһɽߣһ룬Ӳʱǵ¶һʵС
ЦϣӸ£ۻ𣬷ϵı仯һ˿һӲ۾ΰʦ˴峤Ȼ֮٣Լ˼ɵ֮ġ
壬ʲô˼Ϊ˹Ϳǰ𣿸㣬ҷ˵㣡壬ǰ췴

һСӣڶʮǰǰô˵һɱˣ
һӺ洫аģƻƿ죬˴峤ǶĿ̬ͱˣԷּĵ۹󽫣ҲΣ˸˵ĸоǿơ
аɽеĵλôȷѪ꣬ɱôĶ֣Ϊô̸ɫ䣬һʥ侳ķл治ʲô

첪Ȼŭͣ仰Ҳܲˡ
ͽҪҳɱֻҪͷҺ㷽ʦһھͰɵǸжç֧ܵÿ죬ûɱôһӣǻɱҲǵָ¡
а˵Ŀ絶ƽ˵֮Ŀ˷Ĳϣģеɱͺвһλµĵ۹󽫣󶼻һֻһֻѼһ
Աߣ˴峤ȻûеͷҲûҡͷ
Ϊ˶Ը˹ظŬҪǵʱ򲻳֣ȴսͣʵ˲ܡ
쵰ֱд
ͨ죬󶼻۹󽫾Ȼ˵ô裬ôཫʿţֱĿˣȫ۹󶼻
ɱ糱Ŵ󵶵ָȻһգʱһĴ졣
һ̣һĿʵʣȷĿ⻹Ҫ䣬ӶͶ˹һ䣬һŭʱҲȥˡ
ڱͶç֧Ѿǵһνˣ˵ʵֻڲ֮䣬ç֧˶ɷһܣʾ͸ӲǵĶˡ
壬Ҫҳ𣿡
ǿŭ̧ͷսϵ
󶼻ĻֻǸ󶼻СЦѡ󶼻ҪͣҲ޻˵ֻǣҲо仰Ҫ͸󶼻Щ֣󶼻ãҲˣ
˵仰һͷתͷԶĸ֮Ƕȥ
ʦ߰ɣ
һ˺ͷ˸ܿתȥ
ڻǲְܶϱϾ󶼻ݣҪ취ӿŲˣ
а
սܿ˹ɾͬϰ㳯˷ܣ֮Ҳ׷һѶȡ
Ͳ࣬ڷɢʱһ֧ǼΣյġ
ȥˣҪ׷ˣ
ܿ촫ȥеҵĴ£˷£˹
Ǳȴûձ
үдҲ̫ˣǰǾȻںװ׼ͣ
ǣӪͽߣȴʼչƾһ㣬үܲһˡ
̫ˣ浱ǲ𣿡

һ¶ɫĸ֮ǽ˾һ𣬿Զһɫ߷ߡ
սڣȫǵǲһͶôֱ׳Ϊǣרŵǵǰֱӹײǵսֶα֮
ҧˣȴҧǧԸ˹˿䣬գۣȴܶԴƵľҲô֡
Ǻǣ޺֮⡣ɣ⵱ĹͣǶ˵ֻǸոտʼһСѣպǽµĹͣⳡս΢
˰֣ɫ䲢Ϊ⣺
ңҪҲô׵飡
ү˼ǵĳǳ
˵ʱͻȻһսһ̳糾ͣҴҵĳڵķ򼲳۶
ˣ
һ仰˲˵ע⡣
үǳȫǹû˹صˣʲô
Щ쵰ò޽ĸ֮ǰɣǽҲ̫޳ˣ
Ǹң

Ԫǵ˷׷׽ĿͶ塣˹Ѿˣȱڵǳӵмľá
Է·ȻսҪʱ򣬳ͣôôߣһ˻˼Ĵۣǰںķĸ֮ǣҲδǸɲ¡
үǲôɣ
ͷ壬Щĵ
ǵᣡ
嵹ɫƽ˰֣ԥľͷǵĵģ
ԷԸʮа˾ţȷʵǳص顣Ͼ򣬶˵൱һأ᷽ܶࡣҲֻ룬Ǿȥµģõ۹󽫾ûôͿ

˵


796 䶯
֮ĿǰΪֹֻǲóǳؾõ֤ģ黯ǳشӡ涯ֽţȷʵô䣬ţǳǷ졣
һɻ飬Ц
Ҿһսǳûǵİǲ޸ġάԼǳصĺܶأֻǲաǸˣҪᣬҲʱ֡ʱ˽ǳأӦͼ˵ɣô£
һ䣬Ťͷŵĳ
ҵæѳз˵˳ԭ嵽£ӵʱʮʮ˳˲ע⣬͵͵ﵽ˺󷽵ĳǳ֮СЩٹ죬ʲôҲǶѰʲô
ǣЩ˻ͨĳȻЩժϵı־ԵףǶھḻĳ˵һ۾ͱϳ˶Էнݡ
ˣȥɡڳеЩĽ졭ԪһϳȥɡȻǲֽƽϵˣҲ̫ˡ

ǣү
Ԫֱʮȥ˫ټ͵ãЩ˻뿪ֻֿԡ
үЩˣòΪ˴âܵʬɡ
ʱսգһѹ͵ҵźѪһoػԣĿԶȥĳԪˣһ˿ɻɫ
š
ûлͷĿֱǰֻ΢ɲĵ˵ͷɫ˲٣
ʼӦû֪ڣӦǷһЩ˹ˣ֪˴âܵϢսϣ˶ӣҶԸâܵʱв˹˳˽Ŀ˴âܱϡĳҲû취¡
ֻҪҲâܵʬ壬ⳡսĹͣ¾ͺѴӺүߡ
ҵǰѹ
ǺǣΪʲôҸͲ·͵ԭЩͲ룬ġâܳԴѩɽ˹ص׼ų˹صսйٵսֻҪâܵʬУⳡͣͺѼ򵥵Ĺ龿Լͷϡ
ȻЦݴǣʲô飬ʲôͶø죬ǷһʼͲĹ͡
âΪս˹طͳ˧֮һӵоԵáƷԼ˫ֳʱҲΪâˡϾּ׼ֻҪܵģӦĸʻǺܴ
ֻǣԼһʼϸԭѾâˣô˳ѡ
߰ɣû⣬ǱߺܿҪˡ
һ£еȫ˳ǳءǳ֮ĲãʮǳҲ˳
Ǹʲôˣ
Ϊǵĵ𣿾ȻҶǶ֣췴
ſң

˶廨󣬴ӳǳﶪ˳ǱţȻҲһֱǰߣȴͣĹŲӣ߱ԽԽ
Ǻ˹ػڽս״̬ǣ죬ͰӱΪ͢󶼻ӱӦûûġ
վڳǽ棬Ӹ£Щȥ仰ܿ촫ȥȻһȺ࣬һһ˫գҲ˵ʲôˡ
үˡ
һԣԪԶѵХӳͷӹѭȥֻһߴӰһ߳߶ߵĴ󵶣ͬ䷲oһ㣬һƥ׳˶ĸͷŸ֮ǵķ
ߣȥرճš
һЦһ
ǣү
һɶȥܿ죬һĸȱڴ΢͵ĸ֮Ⱦ޴ģشĸŻغ£
Ƭ֮һĺ֮ǵĴڷǰȻرˡƤһȻ֮ͣ
쵰
һ۾Ϳ˳ǽ壬Ƥ͸һ˿ŭɫ
ˣСơ
ٵԱߴǷ߷߲ƽ
һֱ˵㣬Ĵ󶼻ﵱ֮ͳߣȻҵرմţֱд
ԽԽˣһҪѵҪȻβͻ̵ȥ
ٵĻû˵Ȼֹֹ
˵ˣš
Ķųǽϵ壬бĪ⣬ǽϣȴҲǵʲãû¶˿õ˼
һʱ䣬䵽ʱ򣡡
ؿһ壬ǿߣվЩɵ
ߣ
Ժͷܿ첦תͷͷȥŷ뿪еҲǷӿɶȥ
ҹĻ٣ĳˣⳡԭϵĴսҲ֮
ܴսѾһսӰŸոտʼâܡç֧Щ˭ͨǿߣЩ˶ӵмǿӰÿ˶ӵмߵ
ɶç֧ʹâܴ˹ȴڸԭԵȱꪳɳȫûĺ䶯
ǧ۱ҲӰƶ۱ķݻٵĳǰССУ̸ֱɫ䣬аһ㡣
ôǿİ۱ȴͬЩͨ˹һ˸ԭȱڣЩǰС˵ûб𾪵ˣֱ֮
ôܣ۱ǿ˶ôȫû
˹ص۹ǣϣӽĴСɣǰδе𶯡
飬飡һҪ֪˭Щ۱ǾСɵĶˣΣһҪ취ллǡ
СɵغɫŨܺСɹڴȺϢһеĶƽƱϣҵ÷顣
ڵĴɣķӦȴȻͬ
ܵģԲ˰۱жǲǲ֪ôİ۱ôսܣǱȫߡһ˷ųļϢҪǴɡȥ˭£һɴ
ɹŭ쳹ȡ
ȣ½ƺᡢӡȹҲ˾޴ĺ䶯


797 Ĳ
ܹ޴һͻʺһ˹ص۹ͻʺںܳһʱڣһֱżǿʢ״̬һֱгõӰ
˹ص۹򲢷ˣǼ㲻ͻʺһųͳεʷ˹ص۹ҲŵڶλӰ
ĳЩʱ򣬾ͻʺ˹ص۹ҲҪ˱ᣬǼļɵ
ڸԭϷս£漰λ۹󽫣һ˺ü˹˵鶼Ӱע⣬Ǿûʲôܹע⡣

ŸϿշɹⳡڸԭԵս£˳һѸ򴫲
յŸ룬ֽ֥˫ü壬õһﲻ
˹غʹ֮ı߽߼Ϊܵ˹ɧźֺģԶֹһأͬš
ֻ˹԰ĽȺ󶼱֥˶ѡ
֥࣬ȫǴսʿÿһһ٣ټϰװ侫ӵӴĳɱ侪ˣ˹һֱɵ
οԸ֥һӦ˴Ƶİʱı˹Ҳ档
ˣ֥ҲС˹صرǻһλ۹󽫴¡
壬ôç֧ߣƾܣ͸Ρ
֥˵ţеֽݸ˷ⳣ塣
ⳣû˵һеֽͷ˼
ܹԸ۹󽫵ֻе۹󽫣˹ص۹ʧç֧Ǳ˱ƵĶӣҪһ㣬ԷҪϵĵ۹󽫣һǼ֡ԷԻ
ⳣ̧ͷǡ
ôĵ۹𣿻˵溲Ͱ˼˳Ҳˣ
֥
ǺǣǴ˵ĻǻпܹǷĻǾ޿ܵġһıƢһϲϣλܵ˲Ź֡οǻҪԼפأΪ󽫣ְأ
ⳣʧЦ
ǵĻֻ˭ʲôʱֶôĸ֣
֥
һ仰˵÷ⳣϵЦ˲ȥʱҲо鱳͸ķ
۹󽫷ͬСɣǴսܴﵽ˾ԲࡣңǸ溲Ͱ˼˳Ǿζ֪ĵ۹󽫼ĸ֡
±ȵ۹󽫻Ҫǿ
ˣç֧սܵĵط˹رȱڣûмǴĻǸطͨҵλ˽ĸ֮ǡ⣬ǵ̽ӴϢȱڵλƺһС͵ĸ֮ǣҵλӾҸоֺѲ˹ϵ
ⳣ˼
ɢڸԭܶç֧£Ƿⳣȴܸо鲻ףƺô򵥡
˼صĵ۹Сģ
֥üͷ
ڷⳣ壬һȻò󣬵ȴ۹˼·ֱܷ˷ֲ˵Ķ
һѾڹε֤ˡ
ⳣҵǸӹһø֥Щŷǲŷⳣ壬̫𾪡
۹󽫷ͬСɣοǿԻܵ۹󽫵ˡң¶ûһ˵һˡ
ǺǣҲüǾûǸʵç̶ֳ֧ȵģ˶֪һΡǷ飬ǺǸйءһҶо黹ԶԶûн£죬һ
ⳣ˶٣漴Ц
Ƿ飬ǻ˵ǳڳġǸ塭ûǴĻ֮ǰ˼Ĺһš˺ĽԺԽԽ࣬Ͼķؾ򡣴Ժκദ𣿡
⣬ôͣç֧ܻܡҸоǰи˵Ǹͽ飬Ҫˡ
˵һ䣬ⳣŤͷԼҵ˧
Լǰһţݴǹʯ飬ʱ֥ͷⳣ嶼Щ֮ԱǣΪ֮һЦϾǣһʮȻָ㾭ḻսĵ۹󽫣󶼻ֱǻ֮
ôܻͣء޺Ͷθȫ֮󣬻ƾһ֮ܶçֹ֧ϵʱ붯۹󽫼ĳǿߣôķͽȻͬ
Ѿ޹ؽҪ٣һӵˣ˵ÿһֵ֣ȥԴ
飬һҪϸǿǡ
֥üͷ
Ǻǣ˲ֱӺһ𣿡
ⳣ΢΢Ц
ʲôˣ
⽮۹ǲ׵뿪פصģң֥֮Ϊڶʹ¼ֵûЩ죬֥磬ʱһԥķЦļķⳣһ󣬵һΣ֥ȴûҡͷܾ
ˡ
ⳣм״̲סһ˿ɫֻǿЦѣǿ֥飬Ȼ濼顣
һʱ֮侲ĵģ˭Ҳû˵ʲô

ʱ˿̣Ĵȴǵƻͨ
𣿡
һڴڻ죬͸һصζ׳˶ͬһͷʨӣ˫֣ڴﲻͣȥǽϵĻѰӰͶڵϣϳϳ
ɫӰڵҡҷһ˿̵һ㡣ԭȱڵսѾһ䣬ʱ˿̣ȴһҪľ
شˣѾԭѹˣûзִâܵʬ塣⣬ҲǼ²˹ˣҲ˾ͨ˹ʡǶ˵ִâܳ˳ǳأܣͲǺˡ⣬ҲѾȥԭ̽ϢǸԭط㲩˹ֲ̫ϲ˴򽻵ҪϢ¿ճ־áңڵ˹رһƬңе鷢֮󣬶Ϊ־壬Щһ·˵ǱȥˣҲǴ̽Ϣ˲ٵѶȡ
һȫУһ죬Ĺڵϵ
ô
ڴȥüͷģâΪ˹صս񣬵۹׼ж˧֮һȻ֪ǣ˽֮ǣȻҲûҵʬ塣
ھȻȫûж
̫ˣ֪ӦôԶģ
ȭͷսк޺ޡ


798 Ұģ
ç֧ʹâּǿߣҪܣٶȷǳ֮졣Ȼǵ۹󽫣Ҳ׷ϡҲǷоᣬڻûа취ȷâԭ
ˣڻҪ͢ձâûǻð죬âսȴҲʬ壬պ»ܴ鷳ڲϱһӼգֱ߹صķһ͢ע⣬ʱɼⳡս¾͸ӵ鷳ϾеĹأһս½ͱ뵱¼ʿĹͣͬʱشս͢ձΥĹأɡ
ԱߣһӥĿǵĺ˸ٿڵ
Ӱԭϵս½˾Ѿڲ̽ˣһֱڣҹĻѾˣûаսеĹϱ͢ǺΣյġ

һȭͷĿһ˿˵ľâ˾
ھҲһݵۣ鳯͢ȱڵսϱȥâҲ׷ˣպĳʲô£͢׷ٳܶç֧նɱ˹˵£Ҳǰ϶ʵа٣㳯͢ҲʲôëҵҪ£ʲôֵ˭Һԡ
꣬ͻ˹ص۹ͻʺļл£һֱŲʤţѾܾûʲôõóֵսˡر֮ǰձնɱ飬ܳ͢ʷڵʡ
ȱڵǳشս£ç֧İӣڷ˵ʵ̫Ҫˡǧ۱оԵѾ鲻ë֮ش̫ˣõԼˣԼʼʵǰĴ󶼻ݡʡġת˴ӳ
÷쾪ѵģ³ʮʮ֮󣬾ȻɹŲ뾩ʦ˱顣ǸϢ統ͷȣȻѡ³ľкܶƣ˶ǿǺܳʱûʲôս
³ȴɹ˱顣³Ϊʲô
һ죬ȼ˾ΥҰġ
ȱڵǳս£һѵõΣǲܴġ
ܿȥǹҲۣܿƬ֮һֻŸܿ𣬷˾ʦķ

ү㣬ƻͨһֱʱ̣ȻдŸ볯ų͢ķȥ
ڷ֮󲻾ãһܿ帮֮ۡСȱ֮սܿɳ˱ǰ̽Ϣйע壬ͬҲڹעķĶ
үȻǰ಻סˡ
һЦĻŤͷ壬һɫĴеƻͨһ֮ͬƻͨҵԪµĲȫۼһ˶ĬĬĵȴţȴǱߵĶ
֪ˣȥɡ
˻֣
үǱѾˣҪҪҲ֣Ѵâܵͷ­ĸ͢һϲ
Ԫ̽ŵ
âܵʬѾװ͵͵˻ˣһؼ֤ݣֻҪ͢һԸһġϲ
ˡ
ȻһЦ˰֣ԥľܽ˳Ԫ飺
ϼ޻֮ǰŴâܹأڸԭϽ赶ɱˣǹͣ޷졣εϱ͢Ҳһѱ飬Ṧ͵Ըһ鱩¶ܿ߳ŭܲˣǽзıǸʱ򷴵Ūɳ׾ˡ

һ˵
ү˼Ҫʱ͡ǣʲô˵Ҳôߣͬǲʲô̫õĽ
һԣҵͻȻڵ

˵е

˷׷׸͡
ĵλʵ̫ˣ˳ҲǣҲǣڸԭϵ˵ṦͣѾ޼ɵ׼Ժ󻹻ʲô
Ǻǣ϶ҪԸģȴ鳯ָ֤͢Ľ޺֮Ƿİɣһţû⣬һ£ͻ᳹׵뿪󶼻λˡ
嵭
赭дļ仰˶Уȴʯ쾪һ㡣˶̲סһƤһ嶼¶𶯵ɫ۹󶼻󽫾Щͨ漰Щĵǣһȫ
赭д仰ܾһ۹󽫵ȥ˵һ޴ĳκ˵仰оš˶ţĿ
һ·Ѿ̫˵һˡÿ˶˵ʱֻһ˽Щ黯ʵ
彫˵ķӦ۵ףȻһЦûй͡
ѾΪһĴڣȡ㣬ڸ塣ĹעԽƵŵһλδ˹֮սУΪһ޴谭
Ϊ˴ƣҲΪİϢԼĽʿ嶼취󶼻λŲߡЩȴ˵
ȸôˣ
ŤͷĽںڰУ˲׾ȸļվֻСȴ׺Сӥֻһ˫۾ںڰɢĹâһϯܿ콫˵Ŀⶼеϡ
غүһж׼ѾպүķԸĿˡ
ȸӺڰ˳ָأһ
û֪ȸ˵ʲôӾʦ꣬ӥѧϰ߰ʱ䣬ʼǰʱһɬۣǾսϴڵȸѾóȡ࣬۵϶һɷ˪ĥ£ֵζ
ţǵòҪ¶ݣһҵĺ¡
嵭
ס
ȸһ񣬺ܿת뿪ʧҹɫ֮С
˹˶ʱѾвˣҲýһˡ
忴ǰԺתͷ
˵ȵǼ·ȱڵ£ӦòԽ⵹ˡֻʱҪһ£ȴһʱѡ֮£һüޣӦüӿˡ
ǣһңеҶѾźˣ㰴սϵİȥɡ
ͻȻڵͬʱ̽нһֻɫĽҵ˹ȥ
ǣү
Ƕ˵нӹңûһۣתȥʧ⡣ϡۡȱڼ飬˳ᢣս޲ʤѾӡ˵Ժ֮С
ڲ˵ʲôʲô˶ԥķӣҲ˿ۿ۵հ졣



799 ཬ·Ľչ
ϣ߰˰ٹɽ֮УȺɽçç¶ͣûе·ͨԴǰѾһٶˣɽԽ룬նɽ֮С
û֪ڸʲôֻ֪ǻһµʱͨһͨɽͨȻɽвͣڣƺѰʲô
ҼͣүҵǸƿͣӴԺǳĺģʳǣǧѷĻᣡ
ҪģҲҪɥү˵УǾһУ
֮սҲ֪үһ㣬˵ѣ˺úøɻүң

ɽϣһ˶ţʯϣһʮļͣضˣ쳹ƬȺɽ
ˣ
ڵʱͻȻһֻʴ洫һʮľ׳ӳྫײײĴ˽
˺öˣȥɡ
ʲô
ţʯϣʮļɫ΢͵ĴʯԾ
ں˵˵ʲôǣûˡ
ˣû˵ѣ쿴ɡ
ʮľ׳һֵ֮̿Ѹ˵ע⡣գֻƬ̵ʱ䣬̳ף˳˿ٵɽ洫
ɫһϣʶ̧ͷȥֻ̳ǵأֳ̳֮Ӱܼ̳Ⱥٶнǧˡ
⵽ʲôˣƬȺɽǾ͸ûˣѵǸɽ𣿡
һʶһͷ
е˿֮·ϣаԵľЩɽˣʱֵģʮа˾žǸɽͷϵɽˡ
ѵŪĶ̫ʲôע⣿
һĲ

ڴʱһӴ̳дǼûô£Ϳһֱָֻۣץһƣ̳˳
ǣ
һ㵣Ϊ⣬Ǻܿ죬ϳöƣֻһλ˲Żʹơ
Ǻүǹģʱ䲻ǻû𣿡
һӰ
ߵսѾүӿƿĽչ
ɢһȫеͷ˳࣬촽Ʋ룬ЩλһӰϸȥ飬һǧˡ
ǣѾһˣڻûзƿھͿʼ֣᲻̫ˣһǰ׷úүʧ
Щŵ
Ȼ⼸һֱڸ˴ͣﵽûкү˵ƿиûס
Ⱥɽççڳ֮ǰ˭֪ɽУɽûУֻƬɽûУǰ׷ѹ
ү˵ǾһУͲض˵ˡ
Ϊ׵ͷУһ䣬Ťͷһ֣˲˷׷ϳ˸䡢ȹߣ˹ȥѸٵļ뵽˲ƿĴ֮С
״Ҳֻһ˿εɫż뵽˲ɿĴ֮Сһ죬죬졭Ҫϣʱ򣬵˵죬¡һͻȻ֮ɽһϲĴɽд
ҵˣҵˣҵ˺ү˵ƿ󣡹
һϿ˫һ˶ĻҰɫʯͻȻ˷ܵĴ
ʯȻʱĳƺΪƿ󣬵廹ƾԺеļ䣬ɹҳЩɽеĹ屦
Ұްθߣ޾ĸߴȥͻ֣ᷢڿСӣ飬Զֹһϡϣ˿֮·ϵطȫɳȱս֮Ѹٽģʮϡ
Ѹ˲ڵЧʣһķ֣˵ЩƵĸҴѸٽפУӳԵʵ
һʯϵĴӸطɽвڳȻͬٴ뺣͵˾ʦھʦкЩʯйص飬ȫ㼯һ˵¡
ˣѾǽ͹ĵһǧƿʯˡ
ھʦĶе˿֮·ϣһĻվԾԱߣﲻϵһƿͻȻڵ
ƬķݴţЩݶªשṹûκεļҾߣװȫһѶѵġƿ󡱡
ڴƣеͭܵҴԼ¥̵׷Ψ³ֵġƿ󡱣û֪Ǹʲôġ
ȻܶΪһǮֵǼܿأȴǲʵȻܶҴȻеƻֱͲסЩƿ󡱻ǡʯҡɱ̫
Ҵ˵ʧҲǳޣĶ˵Ļܴϵõ޾ĺô
Ҵ׷ײԭ
ʱĹӦʵ̫ˣүѾڳˡ
ԾԱߣһΪĻҲŵ鼫Ϊ˷ܡ
ţǷӦͦ죬ǰŸոյϢүڸԭϸոջ˶ç֧˹ˣɨвڶʱڣӦûʲôвˣү˼߿Լӿٶˡ
Ծ΢΢ףڵ
ε֮УԾûиȥģΪ廹һҪ飬ЩʯҡճɳʯʵǼ۵ĶʦȨûƵЩģԾоĳЩǰδеĿء
Ҫԭ
ཬ䷽󷽵Щоˣ
ԾĿ⿴ķͷҲص
оĹҹԼգ䴦ѵ䷽Ѿջˡµ䷽ƳཬӲ֮ѾԽ侵ǿߵȫһǿ״ʦ˵䷽ӲȻӣ״̬ӦÿԳ侵ǿߵȫһ
һ
⣬ү˵ཬǰһЩֽ룬λʦһΪеҼλʦһЩ뷨ÿЩֽԤȼһЩ򵥵ļģ߷ģԼཬӲӲȣһǿԳص
һŲĲͬӵдģҲ˵֮ǰ»͹ˡˮࡱܴﵽĸ߶ȡ
ЩԤϵġ
ˣү鲻ܵ飬֪ͨеĸҴ壬ǣ˵үԼģֵǳǮʱˡôãǱǻҪ
Ծ为ֵ
뿪ʦǰ˵ﲻ֪ٺҴŸֻͷǰ̽ϸ
ýңںҲûΪڲǣֻҴ嶼һֲ֪Ըǣһֻͣܲϵ뾡취鿴
䣡
Ծһ䣬ͺһھʦ֮УɲҴ塢Ȩ󣬾ŵѪζһѸŷ
Ѹٵĵһɷ籩


800 ˮ·һ
еʯҡճɳʯʲôƿȫ͹ȥҪǸˣҪǮǸǮһҪǷһ顣
һСУʮҼɤźһ
ʲôգ㻹õһǮ𣿱Ĳ˵ЩȸֽǶǮһڿǮ򲻵㻹Ǯ
ǶĳԨ¥¥ԽˮĽѽ¥ＸԵĳĹѪͷǱͻڳͨ죬ӡ
ȥȥȥǼܵȫȥЩ쵰ոֺУͳͳɳȥ֪֪ܼңʮϾŸɳȥˣΨˡ˼϶ɳȥǻڵʲôȳֵĳ⣬ֵĳԣʺ
ǱĻƼңɳƢ꣬һαŭǰƬۡݶҪƷˣ˳ϻ̳Ͽ֣ɶȥ
Լҡ׼ҡҡҵȵȣЩƵĹҲ׷ɳ˼еĸ֣еΪ˼ĸԾһţ׷׶Ա
ЩҴȫۼͬһӴĻתǹǼ侪˵ġ
еʯҡճɳʯƿͬĺһ㣬˷㼯͵˾ԾСֻһССԾٻ㼯ʮĹ
һ˽֮ǵʱû
Ƨ˵ˣʵǷ̫ˡ

֮󣬾ͨʼˣԾһ߻㼯Ҵĸ֡
ƻѾʼ˶ڴû˵ʲôˮ·Ҫеʲôʵ
׼ɣ
Ծɫأһ£һ̣Χڵ·ԣȲǱ飬ȷʯҡճƿȻɳʯѸٵİձˮȻ
ĿУЩǽЩġཬڳĵ·˺һأּһɳʯͷȻһ˿Χָָֽһཬ
ȴһнǰһʮߵɫཬ·
ˣ
һżҵӵܿһĻһĴ㵡ˮ·Ѿ˵飬ˮ·˵ʲôĶС
˵·Ͽе˵·װӵģԵƶе˵·˽ϻ⡣
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽ʱҸŷġˮ·ôͨͨ
ȻֻǺɫཬȻֽô򵥣
ѸҴôڴôľľôһʵ̫ʧˡ
ȻûнλλҪ˳ڻüǹ˵ˣҪ˳ˣǾͶǮȫȫ˸ǡ
ԾЦ
ɲǼ䣬ΧһƬţԭǲĸҸ֣һͺͱ˷һյýģһֶ˵ˡЦʯҡճƿ󣬻ɳʯǶ˵ĶʮҲǸСǮ
ܹôСǮʹҵĹϵûбˡЩཬߣȫȫʲôϵĸе̵һں͵ǮƱɡ
ңȻʼʱûиоǵһ飬ʲôֻҪгǧҴͳһҶ޷ӵشڡʼΪʲôۼķҪˡ
˭ʱ˳ô˭ʸ֮Уų⡣ʱڻûʲôǳʼձųڸ֮⣬ǿ¾ͻûˡеұһţôδÿҶܴ档
ΪʲôԼҡ׼ң֪ǵǮ·ǵȻҪԭԼҡ׼ң׼ҺԼҲͬԽСҵʵøķչͬʱҲԼҡ׼ڸеӰ
Դ˺α棬ҲͿЦ
ǣǡ˵˵ѣô·
Ųߣ飬϶ԭġôܻɺү
Դոʧˣʧˣǡˮ·ټһĽ

һȺɫڨڨæ㲻ǡмģ̲סҪԼˡֻͼһʱʹ죬ŭλԴˡ
ǣȻʧԣҾ͵û
Ծ䵭ȻһЦҲûиƽϡȣЩжټҴ̫࣬˶ӣ϶ùĶغԸ񣬺ܿмԦסϣʵǿӲһЩ
ĿǰЧ
ϣʼɣ
ԾܿعͷԱһʮ꣬ƣ鼫ḻϹͷ˸ơһ̣һصʯ½ġཬ·ϣѸٵաཬ·еˮݡ
ЩķЩཬ·ҪӲٶҪʱʹʯҷº·棬ˮݣӲĹ̡ϾôҴ壬ɵôãʲôҲ
ˣ
ʯҷѸٵʪԾ˰ֹ֣ˡʱԾ为ֶվȺǰ棬Ŀɫཬ·һƽƵᡣ
Ծ䲻˵ô˱ĬҶ˵֮ǰǰ֮ޡҲ֪λԴˣԶϿȥĺöԸ
ʱȥʯҷˮཬ·Ҳô׸ɵġԼʱཬ·ףӲ
ˣ
ԾǰȫӲཬ·¶һ˿Цݣ
λ˴ôѼ˺ʯҡճƿɳʯЩǺү˵ˮ·ˡ
ǰɫ·Ծһǿҵĳɾ͸Сôʱ䣬ү˵ĵһˮ·ڳˡ
ˣ
һ࣬Ծ䣬ȺһƬˣ˽ͷӶԾԤеĲͬһ˫˫Ŀ⿴׵ĵ·Ȼû˵ж¶˻ɵɫ
ԴˣˡҶԡཬ·ˮ·һ£ֶҲǼöˣʵڲףˮ·ʲôô
һʮ꣬߰׵ҳϣţȺ˳
⣬·ĻֱһЩһЩʯɳҲͬЧң¸ӽʡһЩɣ
Ծͷһۣһ۱ϳǾлϵĳлŷ⣬ڸҴҲЩӰġлŷһڣȻȺӦһȺˣʼСۡ
Ȼ̫񣬵ԾĿ˰ͷȻΪлŷ˵
ǣлʵúãˣѶ
Ծ䵭ȻһЦƺϵһĻԶһ֡ܿ죬ƥĴһصľ޴ʻ˹˵Ϊһͬûгһķڳĳҳһࡣ
һٻʹֳֹˣϸȥͻᷢеľľʵıɫľᶼûϣҲ˵Ǹոմõġ


801 ˮ·
ꤣ
˲ĿУܴܿʻ·棬ȵͣ
лϣ㣬һܳض٣
ԾͻȻŤͷʵ
⣬һ߰˰ٽҡ಻ᳬһǧٽ
ȻԾΪʲôôʣлŷ⻹ʵش
Ϊʲôһǧٽأ
ԾЦŽʵ
Ǻܼ򵥣Ϊһ̫أһƥҪƥƥƥͺ鷳ˡҪƥһЭǲһܹģҲһܹԦ˵ġң֮⣬·ĳҲǱҪǵġ̫أӾͻ뵽棬涯ã߼ܶҲ÷ǳѡһ·;ңԶǿճ־ãΥıˡ
лŷ
ԾʵЩǳʶֻҪҴ壬ֻҪǺЩӴ϶Ӧס͸ˣΪʲôԸأ
ңһǧ٣ټѾˣٶﵽһǧ߰˰ٽӽǧأѾܾˡ
лŷ˶٣
Ǻǣлϣˡ
ԾѸԱһȺҵĻһָ
㣬㣬㡭ͳͳȥ
Ծֻһʮֽսʿ飬ѸԾľٶ˵ע⣬һҴĸ°ȻĿ˹
Ȼ֪Ծʲôÿ˶ףԾôеķʸȻʲôԭ
лϣӦһǧٽɣ
Ծ΢Ц
⣬ȷʵС
лŷƤҵЩһǿ׳ĸߴʮȥֹһǧٶһǧ߰˰ٽ
㣬㣬㣬Ҳȥ
ԾЦЦʳֶָһȺҵĻһ
ǣˡ
һЦƺԤϣԮڣǳ֮УѾ˶ʮһˣ˶һҲʱ˲ŻȻףԾΪʲôŪôһˡ
Դˡ
һĻлŷҲסƤʮ׳鼷һ˵ʽǰûйѾǧˡ
㣬㣬㡭Ҳȥ
ԾǱȴƺӷһ㣬һһֶ̣ЦȥЩ˾վڳԵЩ͹ڳ͹Ĳ֮֡飬ѾӰ
һɲǣ˶סˡһȻʮˣѰһֻĸ˵˵ضʮֱ
ˣˡҶԡôȥƾƥսº
лŷͻȻǰ˼ڵ
Ծ̫ˣȻлŷҲܸоҪ֤ʲôǽƾвͨġ
ܲеͨԹô֪
ԾһЦΪ⣺
ϣʼɡ
Ծ䳯ϵϳ˸ƣݣֻһ죬ڿлĺݺһ飬Ȼݺݵƥսϡ
ϣ
ս˻һ̣תһĺ˵ĿУƥս׳սųʮ˵ĳǰж
ʼʱԻóƥսǳٶҲԽԽ죬ʮ˳ǰȥ
䣡
һĻһը˹ԭĵĿ⣬͵ĵɴˣĳԾ
ʮˣôܣȻˣٶȻô죡
⵽ô£ʮˣˡôġôô꣡
˾ܳʮˣһͻȥȥˡôô죿

ǰһĻȫ˶ص֪ڳĶǴҡŵĵӣ飬һ㶼ȥģȥġ
Ⲣ˲һĻ壬ĳܹʮǾζżĻҲʮ
ǻϸ֦ĩڣȴû˻᲻ⱳܴӴ
ȻԾչʾһĻԶûн
ݣ
ֻһߺȣͻȻһޣϣУԯֿһƥս˻ţͻȻɫġཬ·ϳ˳ȥ
һ̣𾪵ĿУʣµƥսȻʮҵĻǰȥ
⣬⡭ôܣʲôȻô
̫ˣһӶûֳ
⻹ǵôģֱǲ˼飡
Ϊӣ
ԣǳӣǸʲôཬ·
ԣΪ

Ⱥ۲ݣ˶ûֹһĻ𺳵ˡԾŶд˵΢΢¶һ˿Цݡ
ۣʹİŵһĻûа׷ѹҲζźүļƻڷãһж̤졣
ԶʻʮɺҲͣԾһƣʮҸеĻ׷״׷׾£Ծߡ
λҲѾˡǺүԴ˵ġˮ·ֻҪ޳·ǵܹܸĻ󣬽ʡ
ԾĿɨˣǣݣ
ҲӦÿˣǵĵ·ǳƽȻվʮˣȴû˿ĵλҴеˣȱʲôƱҲĺܴ󣬲ɱЩҪֵ顣ֵ·ͨٴʱҲᰲ࣬ôĵ
ΧһӰҴе˴󲿷ֶ岻ڣɲЩֻػۻ̰ͼľܡ
Ծһ仰һƥʮ˶˻Ľ·Ĳ˵ڳ˶ܹ档
ʲôཬԣˮ·ǵǲͶǮ棬ͶҲûʲôϵͶ˴вʱ˶ܹռˣô죿Ϊ˼ѣ
һʮ߰ͻȻ˳ֵ̯̯͸Ĺǡ
ǳǮܳɹǳԩͷ
һҵĸҲ˳͵
ҵĸ֣ԼҺͰ׼ڣ׷׿Ծ䡣Ȼû˵͸¶ȴͬ˼
Щˡ͹Ԥϵһģһ
ԾΧ˵Ŀ⣬оסһ̾Զ˵Խľˡ
Ȼ˲лᷢģԼ飬ȫѾԤϵˡ
ûкô˭Ըȥɣԩͷˡ˵ǣ·鼴ܹõǵİҲۿۡ
ãںүԺļƻشӰ죬˹жʧҲпܡ
ùͰźˡ
Ծ为˫֣Ժһͷ򶨣û˿Ļҡ


802 ֮·
λ
Ծ䵭ȻһЦݵ
ҷģǾԲֵġ뿪֮ǰзԸˮ·޽ɹֻ֮ҪؿеÿͨУֻȡһĹ˰Ϳˡ
ǴƸ£ǿʢʱ¼䵽жãÿжͨУǿ˭Ҳٳɶ࣬ҸãÿͼӴˣλĵģǰ˳ժӵᷢ
֮ǰ磬޽ˮ·ҪķѴĲн֮ȡһĹ·Լף˶ܵ¡
һˣڴƣȻû
ȻԾ˵仰˶ǰһ֮ǰԥȻͬ
뷨ǻԸ⸶Ǯ𣿡
һҵĸֵ
Ǻǣø̵ʱ䣬˸ĶôΪʲôԸأ
ԾЦ㣬֪ôӦԡ
УֻҪЩȻύǮЩҴ嵣ĵͲᷢһ˫Ӯľ档
⣬֪ǷûС
Ծ˵ţһţͻȻԱߵĻнӹһ޴ͷ͵һ˳ԾĿУݺݵһͷصɫˮ·ϡ
¡
мĽԾ㾡ȫһȻֻˮ·ҳһССĿӶһĻ˶һ

һҸ͵ĴܹȥԾнӹǰͷ𣬺ݺ¡
¡ȫһֻˮ·ҳһӶеĴըȴûг֡
⡭ཬʯҺճôôӲ
ҸһӴסˡ
ʵֺֹ֮ǰ˵עԼʮվڳϵһϣûע⵽ǽµ·ֱԾݺݵһͷ
ˣͷóôԣ
ԾԹɫһ£ʮ̧һͷ˳ȻԾ䶼ˣҲͲˡ
ҾͲţʯҺճŪɵĶôӲ
һҵĸַ׷״ӻнӹͷߵˮ·ߣʼݺݵĿ䣬ոսɵˮ·˵ͷмĽʼѸٵıƻ
ҵĸͼǰֹԾ¡
ûϵ
ң
Ծ򶨣һŷʱˣԾҲ֪ѧ˸֡
ʱ䣬ԾеһվһߣĬĬĿЩҸƻˮ·
ʱ֮󣬵ԽԽҸֲһٶҸһЭ㽫ˮ·׵ƻ
Ȼˣ˸еԽ𾪡
·ûа취ƻ˶ʶΪ·ĹŹ֣ȻʱãȴԳ׵ƻֻ˵һж֡ˮࡱĹ͡
˼飬˼飡ʯҡճʲôƿ󣬾ȻԶӲʯͨʯҪӲĶֱţ
ʯȻʯķȥ壬½θˣ
⵽ôģһͷҪһԣôӲĵ·ģ
ڵˣȻδĵڰ˴󽫣ʲôǳ¼ֻҪĲȫ֧־Ͷˡ

һϦ֮䣬˻֮䣬ڷ·ܡΪսҲΪ·㹻ļӲԳͨ·Գܵİڡ
ɲǼ䣬еĹǾȥ

鷢չһʵı仯Ծ棬Ҵ޹˼ɣ׷׷ųһֻֻŸ룬Լļжȥ
һشķ֣ЩʯڴƵ;Զֹǵ·ô򵥡
ǺǣɹˣүȻŲߣеһжˣͿԿʼȫĵ·ˡ
Ծ俴һĻгһүˮ·ƻʱãһңԼҡ׼ҿԳܵ˵ģҪʦǧҲ
һĻеһжչˡ
дһţĸүԿʼļƻˡ
Ծ俴һԵ
߻⣬ܿ˵ͷӦȥ
䣡
ҹĻ٣һȥƳֵĵһˮ·עҪʷǡݵʷϣֶûгֹ̱ʽĶҲӳ޴ССҴ׷˽ԼĲͶ뵽С
Ҳģֱӽˮ·δ֮Ĺ˰Ÿˡ⣬廹һġҵ·ˡҺǩЭ飬ˮ䷽׸ˣմ
˸ලˮ䷽Բˮ䷽䵽ĵط
ġҲ˵Ӧõ䷽֮˵ĸҴͶ˾޴ʯҡճɳʯ󣬻ĸֽ԰ּƣȫͶ뵽˴ӾʦĽ赱С
øҴͶĺôҲɴ֣һа๤ˣͶ뵽˽赱Уڶֱӵʮ򣬵ֱӵʮ򡭡˿֮·ϣۼ˶߰ʮĹˡ
һζɫˮ·Ծ˵ٶ˿֮·޽
忪ˮ·øҲЧ

߷һ֮Ҫıټĵ۹һ֮Ҳһ֮ʵ֡۹ҾۼһǧľͷۼӲۣԳ˯۹ĺС
ϲɵ۹֮ŭڶ׶ε񣬡֮·800㣬ŵ·ĽɣԴԴϵĻý
ϲ30⽱
ϲ40⽱
ϲ37⽱

ңԶˣվڳǳϣԺ֮ʯٲ£ֻǶ̶ʱڣõĽͳ1000㣬Ŀ
Ծ䣬ڿԶһˡˮ·֣òٷˡ
Ӹ£һԾż㣬ָһɷ飬İɫֽм׷ӳ¥Ʈȥ
ԪһһŸԾ䣬ˮ䷽Ѿ֪ˣصǣһš
ǣȥ죡
ԪܿҴȥ
ʧ֮ɣܣ֮磬ãʧҪ뾡޳ͨˮ·뵽ǳ˹֮սٲ˸Ҵİˮ䷽൱򵥣ҴĵȡԱ̫ãԹ׳
أĵİæάҲͼӵӳˮ䷽й¶ʱ䡣
帺˫֣ŴԶӹһǵĹâ
ˮ·޽Ѿ̤죬ԾȥѾˡ
һˡ
һܿתһԵһӰ
±򣬸ȸӦúܿжˣӽжҪ֪ȫϢԲκε©


803 ¿ʼ
ףȥ
±˵Ծ³¥Ѹٵȥʱ䣬ߵˣÿ˶оһɽŵգرﴫܵ͢ļν֮ÿ˶߲ѡ
˸оģһɰӿζ
һʱ䣬ѾҫüˣÿζȻƱѹģÿ˶֪Եⲻ̫ˡ
Ȼү˵Ҫ뿪ǾһȥʱԲ̫
ݣ
һ̳ţѸȥ±ӰѸٵʧ١
ٸдһŸʦӥܹעĻĶκһĶҶҪٶȸң
嵭
һˣӰȴһ˻Ӧ

ӰԶȥѸٵʧ١
ǽϺܿ찲ֻһˡ˸֮ǣڳڽȻ֮Ѱࡣ
һڡ
忴ԶӵĵطܾĵʲôûУоһɾ޴ķ籩Ӿʦķϯ
Ѿ֪ҪƵ죬Ļᣬǣϼ޻ǰ治ǷŴâأǺ˹ظԭϵĽ赶ɱˣԼͣ춼õˮ©޷졣
Ҫץסİѱô򵥵顣
ҪǣԲһ˿һע⡣
֮⣬
֨ƣ
һ΢ĺţһɫƣϸ˶һӣӺ˳
ĽŲÿһƶĶΪСģͺ˺ܴľһ

ߵǽǣϸĽòҶ˳ȥò˳ɶѣɢһɸζ
̫ţ˵˵ʱ䲻ܳʱ
ͻȻ֮䣬ȻһűһŴ򿪣һɷȫװĺ˻˳ĿĶϸˣ
⣬´ˣǾͲһٱ޴ˡϵģ
ף
ϸ˻һ͵ĳ鴤һ£ϳϻ̳Ͽ֣ѰײԲԵѹõ͵͵ġ
˥ϵ壬Ϊ־ɪɪ˼ѡ
ߣûõ̫ţҪǿڸ˶ʮ꣬ɱˡ
Ŵɷȫװĺ˻֣ݺݵ˦һţһ죬ʧ١
ϸһ˿Թɫܿһţͷ­һڳ¶һݺύѪɫ̺ۣзһģ˰̾ϢһȳһյԶȥ
뿪չһתǣͻȻһ͵͵Ӷд
ţţ
ϸ˻΢һ˿ɫĿѸٵɨȥǽǱһʮ˾꣬üĿСʱ鶸ķ
С㡣Ǹ˵ˣô鷳ԼȥͿˡ
ϸһȳһյ߹ȥСӣࡣСһһոڸ˱̣εڼϣǱģ˶ʶССĺӡ
СҲ֪ڸÿ˶Զ˹
ΪĹ˼ɣӴİˣΨСϸ˲֪ΪʲôоȻ׽ÿο񿴵Լһ
ţִˣ
Сϸһȳһյӣϧѡ
ϰˣڳ͢ϲ־Ƣ꣬ʮǰˣҶѾϰΪˡ
ϸ˵
ǣѸߡı޴ܵ˶ٴΣ
С˼ѵӣһĲ̡
ʲô취һӣ˶ȥңϾͬطȻ˱̣ЩҩȥҲͺˡ
ϸ˿Цŵ
˿ˣٻ󣬵˭֪Ŀϸ֪˵£Ҳײ¶ֻСǰŻ¶ʵһ档
ţģһ죬һȥġ
Сϸˣһ
Ǻǣ˼͹ˣѾ֪ˡ
ϸ漴һЦ֮󶼻۹Ĵ󽫾ô˵߾ͷߣҲֻ룬˵˵ѡ
СнӹһС׼ĲˣϸһȳһգĻȥ
Ĺغϣܰʱȥ¾һ̡

ϸǵıӰС̲ס̾Ϣһһ˿ɫ
ţİɡӦ£һġ飬Ҿһ뿪
СһţƬֱ̺ȻѸתһطȥƬ֮һֻӥѸٵʧ

үյȸţѾ˳ĽӴĿꡣκεķ紵ݶڼ֮С
ӥɹһ˵ĳѸٵĵϳǽͣ幪ţ˫ֱֱĽеϢ˹ȥ
š֪ˡ
վڳǽԵĿԶɳĮķֺ죬ͷҲصĴӳнӹżֻһۣܿһѾ̤죬һϸƴʵˮ©
ԣ뽫ŲҲûʲôʵʵİ취
ֵ۹󽫣λߣȨأӰ켫ӵмҪǵλãô׵ġڳô׵顣
ϧȻḻȴиëƢ꣬ϲ巣ˣ尲ȸȥӴջϸ֮һ
һ֪˲࣬ҲһֱעⱣܣ֪ȴ֪ġ
δǼ鷢ϳеĹؼ֮һǼ飬ϳΨһվָˣ伫ҲŻᰲȸȥӴǡ
⣬ȸŻһϣϣ֮󣬺үܲܰæϸ˾ȳиֵꣿ
ԥһ£ڿڵ
ԡ
Ҳû룬Ӧûȸڣ֮Ҳ׼ϸⰲһȥꡣĻҲȥˡ
ллү
Դϲ
ֻһЦȸȻ˲ãȴǳ裬;еཫʿһƬЩΪ˵ˡ

ʱһζת֮ʱȥ
֮Уٷϴ٣Ϊһķأֻǻأǳô򵥵ġҪطԼҪ峿廹ڸ֮ǵĸ֮ۡдĵʱͻȻ֮䣬һ󼱴ҴҵĽŲ˽
үȸϢǱ˶ˣ
ĻԼ࣬屾ڴļ仰ɫһ䣬̧ͷ
飡
󲻾ãһӿ˽
үﴫϢǱ뿪
ڶų˽
һǰһϢͬһ쫷磬˸֮ǣʹ½еնȻһ䣬ԭݵһɨգձޱȣߣе˲䱻


804 
ǴϿʼģ츮ϣΪ׼˵ϳ׼˵ʱ򣬷ͻȻ˼ˡϳ켸ʮ꣬˵ϲöָơ
ߵЩˣڳԵķǳ꣬㡣ÿ˶һƫģǳĲˣÿͱسһô꣬ҲֻϳĲ˲ǵζڡ
ҲΪʲôɫ˥ȴһֱԭ
ܽҪ飬˲֣ǵ֪ϳȻʮ꣬ǺĵܣٽӴôСģһôٲ˵ġ
ϳڳֻҪһ۶ЩˣЩˣ֪ЩڣЩ˲ڡ
飬ֻΪߣΪʵ֤ݣȸ쿪ʼһֱȷϡֱϵʱ򣬼ȷ㱨
츮ϵ˼ˣ
ʵüͷ塣
ΪˡֹܻΪųЩϯ뿪ܷ֮٣ͻȻ֮˵ĲˣԲ顣
ȸһ֣ء
鷢ȷ֮ͳɸ룬ȸһֱ߷ɸϣ֮󲻾øϻ˸֮ǡԵ޹ʵ飬֮սûʼɢҲƣһЩصĸǽֻ֮ǰãͻȻ¤ȴڰ;֮Уһصۣݻһ޴±ѵӪء
ʱˣͻ᲻֪ϰ·
εȻû˵漰˷λ۹󶼻޴˶֪ͬСɣһСľǵɽľޱ䣬۹ĸֶпܸı䡣
үӰҲдﵽޡ
һȸͣ㣬ϵǰ㱨
ǣǱȷж٣ûг©
ĿأŤͷһԵǡ쳣Զֹȸһˣǡ鷢֮ҲԽٻ
үķԸѾǧѷеŶֽšֻҪǱ뿪ﵽһ룬Ӧ
˵һϣһֽ׷ĿַʹǧˣĿһֵ㣬ȻþþѵȮȥţֻҪһľ룬ζ䵭Ȯͻƽ˳ȫ
ǲֶģַӥġ齻һӪֶ꣬̾ζ֪ǰ󲻹һʱ䣬ͿӱޣҪȮǧȫ˹
ѾȷϹͷȮͬʱ͡Ӧ߸Ѿ뿪򡣡
ǵ
շǳأüͷģ˵ʱҳÿ˶ܴϸеһ˿źصζȻεǳء
߸㵽ʲôĸʵĿģ˵Ѿʲô
ͷʳжָʶߵԼģԺ˲Ϣͷû⣬ʷǼ䶯Ұġѩ¼ܿҪˣΪ󶼻ȴ뵽˾ʦĻ֮Ϊ߹ش󽫵Ĵɡ
κγⶼܵоسɻ͵ġΪԭľд󽫣֪鱬֮Ȼ䶯£Ҳյ˳ҰѩĵţȴΪȱؼ֤ݣӹһ١
ټǰµֹͣʥѡ˰ķȴ󶼻λã֮Ϊְ顱
ҪԸ죬¾ĻᡣȱҪҵɳȥţҵϷĸλӵġͶ״пܸһѩ¼Ȼֵ÷зǣı߹ش󽫣ǵʥʲȻŭΪȱǷ⡰Ͷ״޷ն
쾭Ǽ֮Ҳü֮κʱҪӱأԱҲκ
ٴݱӣǾζŬȫ׷ѣ˹ظԭȱڵǳսҲú壬ҲεڷСֻҪ컹λãжͻٰܵ㳸⣬ȫʩչеĺƻҲҪʹزۡ
ؼǣͰ󶼻֥ϣֻҪλã˹ǳҰܿ»ݣƽ׵ĶʧأӴ˽ҵʱ
޷ܵġ
ǺˣȴǼҰĵĺˣϴεĽڶʹ¼ˣȱҵĹͣҲˣһжΪȨ͹͡Ҫ󶼻λϸһ¥ΪʲôṴһӵԭ򡣵һȣ³ϴ󶼻α飬һֻ̼ˣϱûгҲûνȱ֮սڣҵĹͣеҰԽĲȵҰģҲӵİͲס
Ժ˲ϢͷＸѾа˾ųɵİգȷǷɳԼţǰʦЧɡͶ״
ǽƻ
и̾һλӵ֪˸࣬٣ΪֹǼ黹Ǹܡһ֪ⲿȫȫ£Ȼɳ嵽߸ţݽ˴ʮֵľ
ܷ첻֪ԼѾϤܣƾȻĽҪԸҲһ׵顣
ǣ֣ȫ׷·ȸϵɳأɳص⣬ܴѡֻҪǰʦ󶼻ͨɳأһɳأ֮ĵ·ǧǾͺ׷ǡ
ʱȣֻһɲǣͻع
ǣү
֪æӦǡ
⣬ȸӥСɳȥٶȱȲӥΣҪڿжסǡ
һתŤͷһȸ
ǣү
ȸĻش
⣬סζЩ˵ע⣡켫ĽСģҶɣܵǱĬһҲˣ׷ٵĹоԲǵĻɣһԲܶγԣĻҪضǰ
˵ⷬʱɫء
ܹϴ󶼻λþǽңһ˿һĴ⣬һλϿܾҲŲˡ
ף
Ǻȸͬʱ
ɫأоԡ

˵ͷ
סҪҵˣһɫӡڣ߰ɣ
һ仰˻֣һ̣ȸǣӰӸ֮г˳ȥ
үҪҳҵٶȣԿԸǡ
һӶߴҵͬɽһ㣬ǰ˼ͣҵйӾʦͽϣǧ˵ļ¼ҪԸЩ׾١


805 ̽
У
˰֣ɫ֣أԥľܾˡ
ڻ֪Ƿŵ˭ϣֻķʽŷ˳ȥһЩˣٻصЩŵҲ˵ַǳֹġô飬첻ܲ˹ظԭȱڵһսѾע⵽ˡӴһ뿪֮Ǻܿͻ˵ע⣬Ūɳ׾ǰ˷쾯źšʱ»ʧܡ
⣡
ҵһסˣʱ˵̣˵ⷬǰ벻ģս޲ս޲ʤ
ˣš鲻Խģڲֻ㣬Ҳһܳ棬һнȸǾͿˡ


㣡
Ȯ
Ҫˣ

ո£һ·ѣ;ʦ·ϴʱ̳ʮƥսžʦķ۶ȥȺӰǰͨڣᣬι״ȮȮ۵糸ٶȱս죬һ໽Уһ׷𣬱ӻڿвͣس鴤ʲô
Ǻܿ죬ԭȮͳ˷硣
ˣ쿴
һסͻȻָͣǰǰ޴ĺɫȮֱ͡һĻϣʱüͷ
ˣô죡
˷׷׿ǡµţǷֵ𣬷ֳǰٸȥͱ÷ֳǰ
·ϢѾү𣿡
ͷҲصʵ
شˣѾɸ봫ˣû⣬үѾ֪µĸ֮󣬲뿪ȥ˹ظԭ
һڵϵ
ܺãֻҪ·Ϳˣǵó֮ǰҸ˵𣿡
ʵ
ף۲ȡʲôʩԲЩ˵ע⡣

ס˾ͺãүǳءھͰȰŵĽаɡסʧܣҲԾԲǵľͻɣ
˵һ仰Ǵһӣʮֳ·һ·̳۶ȥ

е·ϣ̲֪ʱ֣һУһ̶žʦķСһȺʳˣŨܵĺ룬ɫһǣǰһ߹ЦǲԶĵطһ̹źӣǱĳҵľ룬һǰһ߾Ĵܡ
̺ʹʳ˻һ𣬿죬еĵ·ϣʵ̫ˡ
е·ϣɽ̫࣬˴˼ҲиӦ

ͻȻ֮䣬һͻȻıʶʱ˵ע⣬һʳ˷׷׻عͷֻʱ·ϣһ߰Сͷ棬ڣ˫ţ˵ķһ߱ܣһ߾ֵĻͷ
Сӣ͵Ǵ˵Ķòͷˣ
ӣҿӵȥ
ץˣһƤ
С󷽣սգһɷ׳һʹ˦űӣС˹
ңңû͵ǴԼģΪʲôҪԹҵͷϣ˵͵
Сһίܱ߽С
Χ˿һĻȻЦֻĵطԣСǲСĵĸ˼ңײ鲻ã˱˵йͲû⣬Сץȥ֮󣬻һٶ򡣹Ȼֻܽᡣ
Сڻˣһһͷײ̡
߿
һŭ͵һƽСһƵڵϡС⧲Ƶڵϣһ˿ίɫɷӣʲô˵ܡ
Ƭ֮
ôûĻɰɣ
ɷ׳С
ûУûһۡ
Сҡҡͷ
šǿϵı𣿡
׳
Сҡҡͷ

һٵ
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬һֱײ˼ײǰһɫĴĳײһƬ飬ֶɳȥһ
ģЩ쵰ѵ۾·𣡡
ɫһ͵˳ܻ˶Ҫըˡ
Բ𣬶Բַˡǵʧһ⳥ģһ
µϣһͣ
ߺү·ҲˣүҪҵǸ˲ûкɫӡǡ
Ƭ֮׳ӣڵԾһ
һһֻŸѸڿն

ݣ
ٵϣ̳ʮƥӱڹٵϼۡЩ˵ٶȶ쵽˼ޣʮ˲ڹٵһ硣ʮƥѸٴһԼ۶ҵĿ罫̵͵
˭Ҳûע⵽ھ̵ʱͷһۣȻֻǾһƳعͷȥٶȿΪԼĴ
ûУ
Ƭ̣ǰ⣬׷Ťͷ
ûУҲҴˡ
֪˵ʲô̯˫֣Ѹٵҡҡͷ

һһϢ۵˺󷽵˸֮Уԣ˶ۼһ˵Ŀȫۼǰһ΢ɳϡ
һĸǰ˹ظԭӦǺȱڽĻйءѾųֻʣˡǼһһ
һֻ򦣬һֻʶߵָ
ԪȸǱô

ӲϲϣһˣһȺϡͬСɣϵ˹ʿԼδĴ
үеһж֮Сȸӥڸٵˡ
Ԫ
ϵشԴµĹעǰδ˶Դ˿©ȸ͸֮Ǽ䣬ÿʱỵ̈ͣӥȸϵϣÿСյʱ䣬һֻӥȸɽͬʱҲһֻӥȸɳȥ
ȸӥ꣬ѵӥȸѾо顣򲻹£ѾߵöƣֻӥѵϸӥѾʮֻˣӥڳ֮Сȸ֧ӥСӡĻ
ȸϵ֧ӥҲٲȻ֧ӥСӵӥ
ЩӴӥȸڴʱҲӳ޴áڸ֮ǵӥﲻǲϵĴϢ
ȸҪɾ衣⣬֪ͨǣӽŲ飬һҪҵǸֱкɫӡıǵˡǼһϡ
˫ֳ΢ɳϵ
һѾˮʯѾųֻʣˡһʱ侲ģ˶һĬĬĵȴϢķչȴ˵ϡ

Сʱ֮󣬾˵ȴϢʱһͻȻɫ̼ĳ˷䣺
˴ǰϢʣµ·Ŀ꣬ͻȻ֮۷ڸô죿ҪҪж


806 䣡
ʲô
һʯǧˣϢһʯ׹ڷʱɲҵҲȻɫ屾һ̫ʦϣȴϢʱ򣬸Ƕվ
ô
ǲҪǰʦôʱ۷
۷ζţǶȥŲ飬ǵһʱųˡ˶ų⵽ô£
үҵھȥŲһ£

ͬ쫷Ϣȫ˵ԤڣҲ˽ࡣصĿ꣬Ȼʱ򷵻أ˭ҲûԤϵġȻ˴㵡ȵĻԶֹˡ

ʱһ˽
үȸ˴ǰϢѾųɵ·ĿͻȻӿǰүʾǷü١׷
ˣ
ԭֵķ䣬ʱһƬţеĿⶼۼ˷ϡÿ˵Ĵ㵶Ա
鷢һٰʮȵĴת䣬ɵģͻȻûˣûɵģȴͻȻˣһɲǼ䣬ÿ˶ЩãȻ޴룬֪ô죿ԭʵ飬һɲǼ䣬˷룬ص֮С
ô
վڷУб˻ҪҡɳʹӦкɫӡǸϸûУҲ˵ųɣ˽˸ԭȸӥڻţҲųʣ¾ֻлûųɵˡ
ֻҪ棬ҵǸֱкɫӡ˾Ϳˡˣǲġ⵽׳Ϊʲô˻ͻȻ۷
ѵ˵ԼŪˡ
һɲǣԺд˷ɫޱȡ
˲ٺԤϵĲһҳ˲
үǱ߻ڵȴ˿ºܿҪˣǻҪŲ𣿡
һС
û˵гȻı仯ԶĻҪӵĶ࣬ǰҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һɫŵĳ˽

үˣŴ˴Ϣ·ĿУͻȻһ·ʧˣǸĿ꣡
ͬһذը£˵ԭܱ򶨵ĻôʧĿ괫һӻˡͺүҲһˣ˹˶ˣĿν伫
úλᣬ⵹죬ôڸ֮պĴͿ֪Ȼ֪ΪʲôᷢһĻǺʣǸͻȻʧĿ꣬һϴŷҪżǸˡ
үˣҪڳ֣ȫһҳǸ
үʧǸһĿ꣬Ƕƭˡ
үǿ׷ɣ
үȥɣ
ң

ÿ˶оһǿҵĽȸСʱݼţҵǸʧˣ˱ضһͿأεȫʧˡ
һȣ
Ⱥ鼤˶ҪǰȥѰǸ˵ʱһ侲һڷը
ûҵ˭Ҳж
նɣһӽ˴Ӽ֮˻
ҲҪжһкүţ
ҵɨһˣܿعͷߵߣ
үҪĻʱԳ֡Ȼ֪ȥֻģһҵ
˵ⷭʱҵѹúֻܵͣõȻ֪ô£ǴĿǰĽʮа˾ţܿǱߵжϳһ⡣ֻûѡ
ԣ
ҡҡͷͺûҵĻһɫأͬ
ûô򵥣
һɲǣͷԺӹ귢һĻĻϵĴǰ֡첻֪ԼĴڣ׼ȷ˵첢֪ͳλع飬ԼѾ¶ˡҲ֪ԼϣڰжԸ
ҲԼŲǰᡣ
ңѩϵش󣬷ܲȡѰķɸ뷽ʽ̫ϷôҪĶһߵšԣôǷؼģ֤ͳлӹһĸ֮һϡ
ԺѸٵ˼
仰˵ǾûбҪôŪģʲô
һͷӹԺһͷڰһͻȻе
ԪһȸЩʲô쳣ûУҪ֪ǰǰеϸڣκοɵĵطһ˿һҷŹ
һͻصɫҲ˸оʲô
ǣ
Ԫ˵תߡܿ죬ȸĻظ͹ˡ
ˣȸ˵ʲôûз
ʣ
ˣȷʵû쳣
ʣ
ˣȸش˵·Ŀ֮󲻾ã˷ֹֻŸ֮⣬ʵʲôûСΪ鲢ǺҪȸûʲôԾûл㱨

ˣ
ȸ󴫹Ϣ˻ûзӦȴͫ׶һͺһ
ȸеӥȸȫأһɲҶӲ׷ȥ
֪ͨǱߣȫأ۷·Ŀ꣬Ͻ̽Ͻ׷ȥûҵʱ˭Ҳ
һ仰ȭͷ졣
̫͹ˣ
쵰ԼĻҪʱ䣬ؼʱֻҪ÷һĻɣͽǰ֮ǰŬҲȫ
ү׷ʲôˣ
ҵ߹ȥʵ
Ī·ĿѾһ·ʧ٣·Ҳڼӿٶȣʱ岻û׷ȥˡ˶Īͷԣڸ֮Ȩأû˸ľʱҲֻҵȥһˡ
үǷ˲𣿡
ţ
˵ͷ
ֻ·Ŀ٣ȴ˷ϵĽȡҲҵǸкɫӡǵѾҪˣؼǾԲľ衣
ǣôܲǣ֮ǰѾСˣӦûⰡ
ҵüͷ
̽ķãͬġΪȷȻȻ˻֮˲ŲȡЩжġҵΪʲôľ
㲻ס
̾һҵûе飬˵ˡԼļƲ߿ʮа˾žѾɹˡ
ĿǰΪֹܹȡַСؤײдӵעײȳײšСײĿĿҲ롣ӵһĿǵֶȷʵ˵ĻɣǵЩһ𣬽·⣬Ƿ죬᲻ɣ
⡭
ҵһסˡʵϲֻĻҲסˡȷʵÿһ˶ļãǾľƾǵе鶼һ𣬾Զˡ
ǣ·Ŀ궼Ѿ뿪Զˣôô֪ġ
ҵҪģǻһڣʱסˣԽԽС


807 εĽ棬壡
𣿡
Ŀһҵ֪ѾеĹϣ
ȸΪûµЩӣǡǡĹؼϺ꣬ԶĶҪԶԸĶ࣬ҲҪƻĶࡣûв´ĻȻ֪ǵĴڣȴÿһ·ĸ϶һֻŸ룬һκεķ紵ݶҪ֪ͨȸǱ̫ˣûǼ·Ŀǵ󣬾صĵطųЩŸ롣ȸƭ˰
˵岻̾˿ȸʵѾˣҲҪԵʲôˣǵ۹Ĵ󶼻ǸԼԸҪʮֵľ񣬸˵ȸˡ
ҪԸѾ·ˣԶķ졣ʱ䣬ǳؼ÷ͷɾ裬ǾʲôˣΪͲܳɹ

ⳡжѾӼ򵥵̽·Ŀ꣬ѰҳкɫӡǸˣԼͷ֮Ľⳡûе⽣ӰҲûս̣Ľ׵ľĸ֣һλ۹󽫵ˣԼԶڰĸ֥µļƾ
ﾲĵģܿ촫ȥ
үȸѾأ
үѾأ
ֻŸɽ˸֮ǣѾõ᳹ʵʩʱ˶ҳڵжǴģܿͻᶪʧĿ꣬ʧжǶԵģǾ͸أǾζ˻ûһ׶εѾǰʧˡ
ţձĽġ
ʱֵȴȥ
үѾʧȥĿ꣬·Ѿȫ֪ȥ򣡡
ܿϢжԶֹк͵·ȻܽĿ꣬Ҳ̽ǣʼһ·ڰ;۲죬ÿһξһˣڣǶʧȥ·ټһӱó
û˵˵۾ⶼʶĿ塣
żȣ
۾ͷ­΢һɫ侲û˿ĻҡзܷʹʲôֶΣ˵ûκáڿԿ϶ǱһڵȴԼĶ
ھͿ˭Ͳסˡ
һԼͷ֮䣬˵Ľ
ʱĹȥ
ӣ
һӣ
ӣ
ʱ

ճصϢȻû˵Ƿеȴ仯šȻû˻ľһ·ѾԼǻۺ֪׿֤ԼȻĿǰһΣ塭пܴˡ
ү
ȺУԪʶĿ塣û˾ʲô˶᷸ĺȴǷô򵥡Ŀأ˺ܿѾʧȥĶԸĻᡣ
ӴԺ󣬲ˣ嶼ҪԶܵͽơ
ʱ仺ȥսţʿͳʱû֪һطձﻹҪغͽš

ˣǵѾȫλǻûзʲô
Ĵһ˽칪ڽŷ㱨šĶ棬ؼף𵶵ڴ󶼻ıϣɢϢ˫գһ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
̽

ѾηͬˣǴһȺΧߣ˭ҲҶ˵ʲô
˲ܿȥһ֮ٴ۷
ˣ򲩶ѾǰǺ滹ûзָٵˡ
̽
ˣѾ̽˻ûз֡
̽
ˣ򲩶ǿҪɳˣĿǰûз֡
̽
ˣ򲩶ʮڶûзκӰ
̽
ˣ򲩶Ѿִɳء򲩶Ÿ룬ѯǷǰ

һ䣬ˣﶸȻһϷ͵һɲΧĵģһƬš˶ڵȴŷľ
ô£ѵҵĸоĳˣ
Ŀб任һ£ϵһ¶һ˿ԥɫһر漰еλӣǽޱȡжܹɳ··ֻҪκһ·⣬÷챾ܵĸоο·ͬʱ⡣
һ·һСײϣһ·ǱһֵײУεײ÷顣
οѰ˿֮·飬ǷȴܵĸоҲٻ·ͬʱ·ǰԭ˸Լ棬ţһٶöԷʧ롣
ֻҪԷں棬׷ô·ȰŵϾֻܷ֡ҪԼ²һͻԥĻٵǷš
С޴Ȼ첢˻֪Լλؽ飬󣬱߹ش󽫲볯֮͢Ǵɣ첻ðա
ѵŪˣ·ʵûʲô⣿
Ϻ޲еһοʼԼľʱѾȥܾˣŵαװɸ·ϣѾ̽˺üȴûκη֡ںԼôôҲӦ¶ˡ
ʮķΧڣҲӦԳټˡ
ţһɲʱ䶼·ֹ
ͬʱǱͬ֪ΪʲôԺǸоٵʲô
Ԫ֮ǰȥײ𣿡
ͻȻڡһ仰ʱ˵ע⡣
ڵġ
Ԫʶ
ǣ֮ǰɳȥǰķסһҪŹٵߣһҪЩ̿
ⷬͻ˶Īû֪ʲô򶨵飬ȴ˲Υ档
ǣ
Ԫܿȥ
ԪһߣܿĬʿͳ忴һĻֻЦЦ⡣
죬Ϳˡ
Ժһͷָܿƽ


ˣǵ˷֮ǰײ򲩶ˣѾԭ·أڼ
һȫװĳͻȻ첽˽ڴϵ
ʲô
Ϣһ͵شλվ
Ϣȷ𣿡
ˣϢȷɣǵѾȷϹˡ⣬ǵòѾ̽ˣǸȷʵûʲô⣬ֻһСģȷʵǲСײ򲩶ѾǮˡ
ڵϳ
վڴϣбòĬʱ˸ǴҴ֪˶ãһ˾
ȥٻ򲩶ޣǴɳطء⣬ԭ·ǰ
ǣ
һڴһڳ䶨
쳤һص˱ϡ



808 ʤ
˵ĸ֮ǣ˻ĬĬȴţ·Ѿȫʧȥϵ˵Ķ˹ȵףֻûԸϰˡȻʱһ˶벻ı仯ˣ

үǰϢ·Ŀ겢ûзǵûзǷļ󣡡
ͻȻ֮һ

ôܣʱ㣬ӦѾ˰
Ӧõģѵǳʲô仯⵽ô£

һʯǧˣһ˶סˡ㷴Ӧٳٶ۵Ҳо˲Ծ۷ڣҲȥüʱˣûҲӦòˡڶûлǾֻ˵һ飬Ǵһʼû㷵
ȻһлԶûн

үȸǰѾʧ·Ŀٴγ֣ȥѾʼŴʾô

үǻû̽ͻȻѾ۷·Ŀٴγ֣·ʾô
һһϢһӰ˶ˡ
ǰķתҲʵ̫죬û֪׷ʲô֪ôһ¡

ͻȻЦӿʼڣڵһ¶Цݡ
죬Ȼϵˣ
Ȼ˻ûзӦ֪ǰʲôȴ֪Լ¶ˣĶˣҲˡһΪȷȷʵʵԼ·٣·أΪԼϹֽʧˡ
ħһߵһɣ㻹ס
Ц
Կ϶ԼǽײɳȥһЧĻôɣ첻粻ǡǡԼ󲻾ãǼ·˻
Ǻȸһаԭƻ¡·Ŀ꣬ǵԭ۷֮ǰҪݾߡ·ĿꡭȻǶѾˣͲˣ
򵥵һ仰ʱ˶ã˵ȫ˻
ף
ܿ켱Ҵȥ
϶ɵ¶ɫȻжȷġո׷ȥʧܣעˡ𲻾֮ǰлľоԽˡ
ˣЩС£⡣ɣ
˰֣
ͷϼ޻ｻ֣Լ֪ƶҪѾ񣬸˵ˣֱҲּĽǿԲ͵ġ
ڣǳ䶨ˣ
⣬ָ֮ϿյɢˣһɲǣͻȻࡣ

Ǳߺܿ촫ϢѾҵкɫӡǵˣеһˣɳ˺ȸӥڿи
ڻһ⣬廹ûа취ȷǷҪǲǸҲ޷ȷϣǷȡŷķ
үȻѾȷĿ꣬ҪʵֻҪͬʱͿˡǷһϡ
ԪԵ
ˣɳһţֻҪȷ͹ˡûбҪΪС¶ٴľ⣬ˣɳأ̫ˡ˵ǲǻֶΣȷż·ϵİȫóȻж̫ΣգһпĹӦ
⻹о仰岢û˵ǣĲֻǷ죬оʦеλͳ⣬λӵľͬʧܡ
⵹λȨصĵ۹󽫣Զеô򵥡
ҵŰɣĿĻӰͼ͹ȥͽˡ
ǣĩȥ죡
һϵļƬҵܿת뿪˴

ǰ󲻹Ƭ̵ʱ䣬һֻŸܿ𣬷˾ʦķ
һв׵жʱһʯͷأȫж

үһλٵĹ˵ѡ
ʱͻȻһŲһ򣬾һ漱Ҵ˽
ʲôô죿
۾һдϲȵĿУ첽żѸٵʧ档
֮һ¥εضһƬȻļԭĻߵĵشѾѾһǳصĳΣǰȫͬն
˹ȱڴǳսȻ콫֮ᵽԼϣսǶЩߵӵ˵ײˡ
һʤڸ֮Ľ˾޴ƶáʹúܶҶΧİȫƣԼ֮ǵķͱ˼
һֻԽ˹ˣɱʬҰĲӷػǿǿ¾Ҳǿˡ
飬ʹþʦĸҴѸٵļӴ˶Ը֮ǵͶȣǷ߰˱ʮ౶ӡ
޴ʽͶ룬ʹø֮ǵĽѸٵһ߷壬ٶֱ֮ǰѾȫͬն
ӷ߳һ¥չһ԰ˮأԼֲĻݣڶĳŴڼǵϤӰ
һɫĳȹںƵ㷢ͬٲ䴹վڳſڣȫչ¶ɡ࣬ﲻźصʣȻĽ֮ڡֻվָţһһ򶨣˼һ㣬ߡƫƧ˶һƬٻŵĻ԰֮һ㡣
٣
һϲ˷ܵʱصڸ֮⡣
ԶǵӰһ˿İȴʮϤӰһ£ƺӳ䶯ˣ뵽ǲɵ¶һĨЦ⡣
΢ʶعͷֻͬǧɽ֮ڼһ˲䣬ʱͬյһ㣬崺硣
һЦĴŲһͣҲɵЩʧ
壡
鲽߽ϵϲ֮顣
˵ĸ֮ǣ˵ûҪΰ
Цͺڸ֮Ѿ˺ܾáйâתԸƵĸ֮ǣԼ͡Ȼ֮ǰѾ֮й󣬵ʱȴǳرԼԶĻҪ𺳡
һжǳֱʣвɵԽ˼־塣ǸֹԺսʤԼ꣬ԽҫˣҲԽĿʡеһвܣж׾٣ͺûʲô顣
ȷΰЩΰҲֻõ߰ɣҴתһת⣬γ;ӦҲˣһ㰲ס
ΰٴӾʦˣΪ˴


809 ˣ
ÿǳش޵УǰٷϴˣҷصĽ漰棬Զһ˿ԴġĿǰߣҲֻٲַܹӵﴦҪǣսƴĲֻǱкڡ
δ˹֮ս岻һĶˣһ˰æֵѹڡ
š
΢΢ЦţӦһĽŲ
˲ͯŮһķ羰ߣ˸֮Ŀ⡣ٸЦĴܣȴȻ֪ԼѾΪ˵Ľ㡣

ʱȥ˴֮ǵʱһսߣԾҲڴˮ·ϵ顣
ٹ
һĺ쳹·Ӿʦһʷǰģɫˮɵĵ·ѵľһ㣬ϲϵ졣
ңԴԴϣͬӿĽһͶ뵽һǰδеġˮ·ϡ
ͨĵ·ϣÿ춼мʮĵ·ɡƽ̹⻬Ӳ˶Ϊ֮̾
һǰδеģȫµĵ·ϵͳԼĲ£ϵĳΣѸ죬˶Ϊ֮˷ܺϲá
˿֮·ǻƽ֮·ĵ·붫֮ģȫģе鱦ˣˣˡ
·ɣÿ˶ԤӴ
ꤣ
һֵ쳹գǧĹ˼뵽·޽֮еʱһ½ɵˮ·ʻĿ
еĹȴû˹ע·¿ˮ·ϹʱˣϰĴڡ
ÿ糿ʱ򣬴Ӿʦ½ɵ·ǰȻʱֿʼ۷
һһգûб
Դˣôɣ
һֺõͻȻСйȻͶ빤ʱûжע⵽һǣĿ͸ĬĬעŴ⡣
š
Ծֻ΢΢ӦһĿĬĬעŵԣЩһһĸЩˮ·ˮ
ˮ·Ǽ򵥵ɹͿˣڽ֮󣬻Ҫˮ·һٽġͬʱҲԾǳصġ
Ǻǣͺã˽ӹһУһᾡȫүӾʦͨ˵ˮ·⣬Ǹ˵ĸ֮Ҳйɷݡǹɷʶ԰ɣ֮֡ǺͺүһϵģҶԼˣүԼ顣ǡ
ԾԣһЩҸ֣˵ͻȻ˶٣һģ
·ǸɲԺͺүһ£ҪٸǨˣֱͨ·Ҳ÷ʱԴҶ˵ǲǣ
仰Ծüͷһûعͷ˵Ҹ֣ɫͻȻñࡣ
үĻҪתһ𣿲УǲУһûأ˭ƻ˭˳ˡйһУˮ·Ӵ˶޹ء
Ծ絶ƽĿ£ҵĸ֣æͷһ顣
˵˼һԼеˮ·е˿֮·¿ĵ·ſԡʹ˳˹ʯҡճ󣬻ɳʯ֮⣬뻨Ѵȥµĵ·
ҵĽǶȣⲢ˵档
ʱһһ˵ĸ֣ϵͼ˵Ծ䣬ԾѾǲǵڶʮˣÿһᶨؾܾˡ飬ԾҲʹ壬һǺޱ
ˮ·ĳ֣һ𣬾ѾƺƵΪһɲֹĺû⣬ͬ⻹ǲͬ⣬Ժˮ·ΪķݣԼߵĳڴƴ
ζţֻǾʦ򣬶طҲִˮ·
Ҫģռеĵ·ԭеĵ·޽ˮ·Ȼ󵽴ȡѡʹðԹصʹԭ츣ƵḺ́һչ֬࣬뽭ɽĹ̡
ͺıⱳˡ
ζӦҲǧġ
һ˵Ծ䶼ǲӦġ
ԴĪ֣ʧˡ
ҵ˸æתƻ
ڵٶԤƶܹ޵ˣ
ԾҲǼƽϣͻȻ˵
⡭ӦٻҪġµʱ䡣
Ҹֵȴ̫ȻԾĻش𲢲ģ˵
ûôõʱ䣬Ľչ̫ˡ
ԾüֺԤϵкܴĲࡣ
ȥˣԭйٵ޽ˮ·飬ȻܴӦǣ֮ڰˮ·޽ãӻԭĻóɵ󡣶ڽɣǹóһɵ󡣡
Ծ仰һ䣬ԭЩɥҸ֣͵һܣʱ˷ޱȡ
Դ˴Ե棿
ҸĿѩ
ǩǩԼЧģԺ޽ˮ·ȫܵһֽԼĹϽֻǰɻһɵĲ𣬵Ǳ漰ȴӴ
Ժļʮ꣬ϰ꣬ǧʱֽЭҲЧ
ǩֽЭڡ
óһɵԻеҴһ᲻ϧһдۣ޳Ӿʦͨ˵ˮ·
δܴӴȣµʧ͸΢
һ㣬еҴ嶼ܹǵķġ
ǹ˵ĻһŵǧʲôʱʳԹ
Ծ䵭ķʵ
̫ˣԵȣͷˣ˵ĸλһӦģ
Ҹ˵仰ƿţһԾѸٵʧ⣬㳯ڵĵطȥˡ
䣡
⣬ԾתĻкܿȻ󲨡˭Ҳû뵽óô޷ֵǼ䣬ǱߺܿӦ
ɽ
µЭɣˮ·Ľʱͻͽʵı仯ԭѾﵽ۷޽ٶȣһ¥Խķ񡣶ҴΪ˵õһ󣬸Ǹ˴ļҵ񣬽Դȫбһ˴ļּ๤
ˮ·Ľʱӿֹ

Ծˮ·Ǳߵ鲻ᣬʱ󣬾ڽߵĵطһɽŵš
鵽𣿡
ҹɫʹʦ⣬һͣڵԣԣһʮˣֶһĹĬĬȴšΧ󣬵ֻǾվһֺȺʡ
ǾеȨ󣬺¶ȣҲΪ֮Ȼʧɫө֮һ㡣
ص£ѾǱߣһȸĺڸ٣ߣӥڸˡң˵Ǹȸĺӣӥĵӡ
ߣһһҷֱվϹܼҺ¬͢Ϲܼҹ촽䶯˵˹
⣬ոյõϢɳǸĸûнţһȦȡţҪܹǾţŻ


810 ֣
š
΢΢˵ͷĴ󶼻ڴȨƺܸߣʱҲййһ֮ԵΪĵ۹󽫣ƴʵǸ
ʦɳĸСģߵĶѰĵ·мۣʱͣ٣ʱ۷ʱһȻͬĵ·׷ǳ鷳˾ʦĸҲԵüСģûĴŽ룬˸Ȧš
Ч˵̽ıֺ⡣ȫܹϿԼʶǸӡͺۼ
ӰͼóɣȻǺӼĿأְԳ֣Ǿ;ԲܳκεĲֵط˺ܶ࣬ӥЩӥȸܿ׷ٲϣһ۾ˣǧҪС

ǣ
ϹܼҺһɫĺ¸ͬʱӦ
ǴƵϮʹУ̼񣬸Ҳڶ࣬ԶֹһϹܼңɫĺ¸־ʱĸ֮һ
ʱ仺ȥ䰵ҹɫУվ·ԣһϹܼҵˣҹɫ֮УԵúۡһ񻯳·Եĵһ㡣֪˶ãҹɫſҪرյʱϹܼһԭǵ˫ͻȻӥĹâ
ͬʱ۽Ҳ΢΢£ͦһһ˫ĿȴȺһʹͷͷĿⶢŽƵĺ̡Ȼ̼ԼԺΪĳŴԵüΪۡ
ǴȴͿ
һЦŲͻȻ֮˹ȥ̵ǰͣסȥ·
ҵܾˡ
򵥵һ仰˵Ƶᣬ̶Уȴһը˫𣬶̧ͷһ˫ɫ͵͸һ˿𾪡
ߣˡ
̵ַֻӦȥӰͼΣ֪һǷĸˣʯ䣬оһǿҵΣգһ𣬱һɷ籩ǿϢȻûеѣһֻɫѥڵһ̤һǿĲ˼˲ӵ´ֻһգ۾ͺ俪̵ķ˳ŽŵӿȪѨȫ澭˲佫ȫѨס
һ³ޱȣƵᣬ˿˿ףΧȺûзӦһоѾˣû֪Ƕ֡
£幫ӼĻӰͼΣȷʵɡ
һĵԱߴϹܼҽŵ·һ㣬ԡ˫һţһűİɫͼֽһĺ˻ǰĺһģһ
ˣ
¬͢Ҳ֪ʲôʱ˹һ̵ֻĴ䣬̵ϣһģ֪ʲôϵĺɫӡԾȻϡ¬͢ǲ书ģطĸҲҪ֣¬͢Ŀġ
˾ʦôҲǰү˵д˷Ÿ𣬿ҿ
¬͢˵ţЦݣһ죬ѾȻȻźۼĴĻȡһš¬͢ɫƽ˵ĸоͺǹһ㣬ȫ˲˿ৣ˺ŷ⣬һŰɫֽ۾΢ЦţѸٵɨݡ
һ̣¬͢Ŀֽ½ǣһĴӡ϶סˡ
£Ƿӡǡı˿Ϸ죬ȷɡ
¬͢ͷѹֻ࣬ߵϹܼҲ
ж¬ܼ͢򵥣ȷϷż١
ˣ
仰Ϲܼҵɫһ䡣һ죬Ѹٴ¬͢ùǷţֻһۣɫһʱѿޱȡǷ˵ĻѾȫӦˡĵĲҰ⣬ںܶǰռʱѾϵһˡ
ģǷͶ״ᵽǸƻӵ֡

ż㣬У̲ס̾һ֮ʧɫڷеλӣззܶĶΪΪҹУᣬǷǹܻеġ
Ǻ˵ĴƣǺ˵£̫ڱķ˽ĴƵģǺͶЧػ۹ҲдΡԺʲôɼǺֻǿʳûĹ۹ֻں˵УĹ£ŻȻ򣬺ڵ
λѪӵм̳дͳʸʵȴ򵥵ĵȥ߹غ˴󽫣ΪΪӵĴɡĻӼǻҲǴպĻԴڻʹелӣһͬʣûرĿغб
Ψ˴󽫣˶Ƶͳθ޷ܵġ
߰ɣ˶ӣ˵
Ժ˲Ϣͷܿת֣߬Ƿţһգۼ䣬ܿ˵ͣŵһûκұ־ͭУϹܼҺĺ¸֣һһңĸɫѸС
ݣ
һߺȣʻܿ촩ţҹɫ£ʧĽС

£ôҪŽ𣿡
¬͢
ճأĸλӵͶ״Ǵ¬͢ȴģǽ֮Ͷ״˵תһȦֻص¬͢żصĶ̫ˣλӺͷ֮Ľݣȥ»Ȼ󲨡
Ȼ󲨣ǵĳ͢
Ȼ֮ǰǷֻܵͶ״ʱ򣬲ܸоķжءڵȨѾУҪĽǾǲ
ô˵
һ˿ӵɫŤͷһԵ¬͢
ʵؾᣬʹеһ⣬Ӳ롣幫Ҳϵ¾֪λӹ߹غҲȻоᣬԳ幫˵õ²⣬Ҳؾᣬһо䣬ȵδĳʱ򣬵ҲȻˡ
¬͢ƽ
Զ˵λӣ¬͢൱͡һ·ۼ֤СϹ¥΢ʱҲ֤ʤʢͬʱҲ֤˳ᢣ㿪ʼ򿪾棬ȽŸȫ̡
¬͢ޱȵԺС
¬͢һǷǳϲκģ棬ֻ¬͢ΪеԺġ֮·Ҳӡ֤ԼжϣһĶ֮š֮ңҲ֮ҡ
š
¬͢Ļڵ˵ͷʱȥҲԽĳɴкܶ飬ѾԼԼˡ
ȻǺӰһжźˣǾͰİȥɡ


811 ˳ᢣ
ǣ¡
¬͢ɫ֣أһ
¬͢ûиظۡڰ;֮Уص˳͢ԼŵĹۡϴţ֮һƬ谵ֻ΢Ĺâ͸ϵĴ˽¬͢Ƭ̣ڴӻȡһ
жϲûд岢ֻдŸͬдһŸ¬͢
ʾѧ¬ʦѧ徴ϡ
ŷ⣬ͷһϤŤŤԾ
֣Ȼһѿ
ּ¬͢ԭϱɫȻ޴棬˲ʧЦ
ѾӴ֣˳ᢣѵͲܻʱ䣬ָһ˵ȥ˭һλţһǾŹ¸صĴĺ
¬͢ô˵ţȴһƬů¬͢Ӵ֮У֮ǰͳܹ֮ĲģɱһƬӵģǰһģҲֻ塣˵ˣҲܿóڵ壬ʶǸ塣
չż㣬¬͢ٴοһ顣
˵ݼ򵥵֮ǰᵽĹ£廹ᵽһ飬ϣ¬͢ԼǿģѷдλӵġͶ״ٴдһ飬ģ·󶼻ӡϺ࣬͵λȥ
ΪֻŲݾߣλӵĻɣǰ¡
ҪģֻһжԭĹ켣УǷ죬λӣнֻؼͶ״ȴ
죬Ĵ󶼻ͰˣǣȻλλڴƸĳգպǬٶϣǴδй顣һ㣬²㣬Ҳ㣬ҪǣӦŭһλ
¬͢ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ̯ܿһֽϣӱʼȡʣȻִӻȡǷ⡰Ͷ״ҲߡƬ̣¬͢ܻܿӺд
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һһģһţϡżīδɣһûмĶӡȫв١
Ҵдţ¬͢ûͣ³һ룬ȡһö׼õġӡڶżϵıīԸ֮İ档
Ͳˡ
¬̾͢һ
öӡӵź׼õġ¬͢ԴѧݣټĹϵԽܶطڼö۹󶼻ӡָơ۹󶼻ǵӡǳ⣬Ҫȫģ³Ǿ޿ܣҪģ¸άάФǿġ
٣¬͢ǼǼö۹󶼻ӡӵģеλȫûм¬͢Ҫ׾ٵġ
֨ƣ
ʱ򣬴Ŵ򿪣һ˽УͶһ޴ӰϹܼ˫£У˹˹ܽǰ¬͢Ҳ˿ĽŲҲоϢľͬһڵһ㡣
ô׼𣿡
Ϲܼҵͳɳ
š
¬͢˵ͷƺϹܼҵĳһ㶼⡣
Ǿͺá
ϹܼƳһ¬͢ǰϵź˵ͷ
Ǵ׹УͲҪ֪ˣҲǺдŸԭ򡣽飬ͽҰɡһ취һʵĺˣλӡ
š
¬͢˵ͷһ֣أ
Щ㲻ʲôؼǴƵĸֻҪڽɽ𢣬ڰǼ˾ʲôֻǣ幫ǱߡܣϣҲҪϾôᣬǰ;޿
α۹󶼻ӡǣⲻС£¶ǿɱġҲ¬͢˽±ܹԸ֪ԭ¬͢ĸоУ֪ԽԽã嶼֪á
ʵʱҲ֪Ǻʲô
֣ϹܼͻȻĬ˲٣
ʲôһҿȷǾһԼÿһ顣ÿһ飬һйڹ𢡣ҲǺԸǣһд۰ԭ˵ЩȻҲ֪ΪʲôֻʮͣȴԵ˵ϳɳأҸоһԼÿһֽ֣Ҳѽ˵֮⣬ĻҲһǰȥˡ
һ仰˶Ĭ
ǰϣºоաֻҪǼ˶֪ʱʵأǰϵʱʵܶ˶Ѿˡ
ûףΪʲôƫһ磬ھʦĽӵܣȴΪʲôҪһУǰϣԼһֱ֮ء
ʱ֣Ȼ𺳲ѡ
ǸСϣƺһӴģĿֲη壬Ȼ𾴣Ϊ֮İԸⲻһд۵İȥǼҪ顣
ֻϣܹһʱ䣬ܹóһ㣬ܹܾõİλӣ
¬͢
һҵ뷨һġ
ϹܼϵǷż㣬ܿ뿪ˡ
˭Ҳ֪Լʱ֮һͬźɫӡǵĺˣǷżܿ֮С

ү¬͢ţһѾչ˵׵
Լ֮һֻɫŸԽɽ롢ǧɽˮܿ˵ĸ֮С
Ŷ
ĿһһڣȻ²豭Ŀ˼
һһţ¬ˣԺͲزˡ
˵ŴǰվʦǱߵжԤеĻҪöࡣû⣬¬͢Լ˵Ǽ֮󣬴ܹλӦúܿͻΣȡжҪ˶ãǼ鷢֮ѩ¼Ҳ͸ñˡ
˵̫¼֮顣
Ƿ𣿡
һԱߴߣѩӣЦ
š
һЦ˵ͷûڽԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽһε֮սĺں֧ţѾˣںܶ嶼
ĹִͣأϴεĽڶʹ¼Ϊؽ棬Ӱ졣ΪλӶев𣿡
вתڵ
ʲô㰡
һ΢΢һЦٻУԼȻʲô鶼ֻǷ²豭뿪Բ˼ѾϤԼеĲһԼλӲûдҲûн֮
ȻΪ˴ƣܹЩ
ʵӦô룬û㣬ҲһᷢЩֻһѣȴûиıʲôÿ˵˶ԼģλΪƷֱүүŹߵ̫ڻʵʱ»ʷκһô۱ҪʲôʵһжԼѡˡ
ٷ²豭ﰲο


812 ѩ¼һ
ÿһ˵˶ԼġȻһ֪δᷢ飬һǡǡ˵ˡûԼλӵĽʵһ֮£ԼʲôʵûӰ졣
˵Լġ
ˣ˵ˡɣֻܽˡ⣬Ǹͻ̺³ҲҲϣǸո˵һмսĽס⣬ĺҲҴһ¡֮ǵӶ߰˰˲ˣֻǴս취

ǺǣʵԶûô鷳ȱǮĻȱϵ֮Ҿͺˣߣڵλٽһ֮ǣǳ͢ڵĸ֮ǽ켼ֻˡڸԭϽأ˹赲⣬ôܶǮų͢ϵλԼҲһڳǮġ
ȻһЦһ־ᣬ࣬ŷƺûʲôܹסһ
ǳأ
һĻعͷȻ֪ٺµĺŮҲû뵽Զô󣬾Ȼ뵽ְ취ڴƣڽһǳصĽʱڻѾ޴Ĵ֮
֮£ĸ֮ǿƺķѾ޴󣬵Ǻͬĳǳȣڽʡ˴ĹʱʡࡣҪǣ֮ǵսܣκγǳض޷ġǡǡǳ͢λҪġ
ʵֻˣȻԺ̸УΪĶҴ̣Ϊʲô԰ͬĶĸ֮ϣ㵣ѧĸ֮ǼĻҲȫڽ֮󣬰ǳصĳǽ֭࣬һ壬ٰͼֽյͿˡԶûкôɣõͼֽҲһáûôӴĸ֧ţ֪ͬҲûá
ȹڣλվߵйⲨת͸¶Ĵǻۣһֶһе䣺
ǣһطƶ񤣬ܶطʯĸ֮кܴóǳУֱʯ顢觲㿪۶٣ǶǻġֹˣҪ֮ǵĲֻͬｻײһûƽǽһ֮ǣȡ͵ȸ֣ҲȫԡҲǳڽܣϾ˵ǾܵĹǵĽҲܸӵĳԶ
ãȻǴƵĲŮδĺŮʣһоͽɡ
忴٣ԽԽ̲סЦ

ʱȥʦзһУ֮⣬֪֮ҹĻʱ֣ʹţһӰҡҡλΣǣż⣬ӻʹ˳ݳӰ£ڵϳӰӡ
һϣϡ
ԶԶأֻ˵ֻԼûϸȥͻῴ˴Źñ죬Ǻˡ
ԪڣҾ¡
䣬˽٣ĽֵֻߡˣֵԣҼһȴйİɫðУ͸ײ˰ڵζʮʮ壬ԪڣȣԼٴ۵ӡ
һ죬еļжĽеİն᷵ؼУ԰ײ˰ĽӣԼ͡
ףⲻ𣿡
ͻȻһӶߴֵϣ̧ͷһֻۣһ᣽Ƶ֪ʲôʱͣߡﳵÿһñˣ̽ͷ
Ȼһ˾Ͷ֮ȴһͨûеĹ
Ĵˣô
˸ãʣһ˳
ˣô죬ôһߣҶˣͲһɣ
е
ҪܾͻȻһִֻ˳һѽߣֻ˭һųתǰȥˡ
Щ⣬ȫûֻǵãͣʱӰһһңЮ˳һ·˾¥档
ֵϵĺ䲻ͬ¥ڣůһ㡣¥һģֻĴҵӣϺõ̴ľ죬ˢһᣬ̴ľԭϺɢƢľζ
ӵԣɫƣһӰߴͷߴűšϰڵľʳʱȻѾһҲûϸĴ£һλ
һԣϾƱӺӣƺһ
ˣԲסǱ߲ܴˣŴҲˣȥơ
дϤƽԶޣȻһЦ˻֣ϵľƱһ⡣
ȥɣȥɣ
ŨϾ¥ůģŨŶЩｻԾܵӰ죬ϵľƱһԵ֡
Ҹ˵ǸĻҲ̫ˣʹֹȻﵽٵˡ
֪˶ãȵʱһͻȻӾ¥һﴫ߿ޱȣ͸Թ
Ļӣ
˸ãһӾע⵽ϤԼЩӡ󣬺˾ֵĳС١ȴȻڸ̸ۣ֡
Ӿ˲𰡣ӾƲ˰㿴̤ϣ
һ֣һߴžãĻҪԱƺȰȻģ˵ţȻ֪Լ˵ʲôˣ
Ȼ˵ÿӶпܼ̳дͳǾƾӣӶܵϻλڻʹΪԼͻޣ
ˣ
ԭֺľ¥һӰ࣬˷׷׿Ĺ
⵽ĸҲ̫ˡ
˵֪Ϊʲôջ
ԺбѰ䣬ԼԼʲô˾ֵǲһ̶֥С٣ǰԱɣǺڹٳһֱ־ӻԱһ·ᵽ˾ǲһ¼˾ֹС١
ȻǸƺĺе־Ϻ˳˵ԽԽ֡
дԣĻͻ˵ѪͳҿǺ˵ĺڹϹٵƾֵУ⣬ĸɵӻӵҾ͸߻ϣԶλ
ֵ

ԽԽ̲סİ
һСС˾ǲԲѣĻڮٵĻӢ䣬ƾʲô˻ʵۣ㲻ӵӵӵ˻Ѵѡ
Խ˵ԽʣԽԽ죬һ٣еľһ
ޣ˭ӵ˵ó˵ó𣿸㣬ĻӾͲӣûʸ̳дͳʵۣ
Ǳ


813 籩
ƨŴˣԴˣлˣˣĳ´ˣˣ½ˣƴˡͨͨĻһףԪڣб߹صλˣͨͨӵĻӼ̳дͳҸողμӾۻᣬ

ˣ
䣬¥һƬţеʧӰ٣ţͺͻȻȺӵУȥƫƧ˵ĻҰһ㡣Ŀ˷Ͷ䵽ϣһ͸𺳡
ͬʱһڣ֪ʧԣȻѾˡ˷һ𺳵Ŀ⣬䵽˼㡣ҲʱſԼʲôط
ʦ¥¥ۼ˰õĹԱ̲еĹʷҲĿⶢԼˮ
ˣ
һɲǣĳˮҡ

¡
һ޴ʯ׹У¥еʦһȻ󲨡ڶ糯ʷ£೯͢¥˵Ļڳ֮˾޴𺳡
ƻ˽볯д󳼣ҹ߹ش󽫣κʱǴɡ
糯ûнѾ׽Ȼһлֻǿʼ˭Ҳ벻¥δ𺳺ͳ
¥ϣʱӽõ׶˵ÿһ仰ģҲȫʵ֤
ƻ˽볯д󳼣ҹ߹ش󽫣κʱǴɡ
ڶ糯ûнѾ׽Ȼһлֻǿʼ˭Ҳ벻֪齫ڴķ籩
ĻԪڼԼٴ۵壬볯еĵۣЩ˱鲼ֲвţĻΪֲ£˱߻ĵĸ߹ش󽫣󶼻֥󶼻죬ͥ󶼻˼˳󽫸溲ĻӼеĵ۹˴󶼻󽫾дһţǼ뵽ԼߣԼϻλ
ҹйĶѸ㣬ǰδеķ籩
Ļеŵһҹ磬Ⲣʲôֵ飬Ȼϳ͢ĵƶȣҲһΪʥǻ֮ǸչֶΣ˭ı¸ߣ˭͵ϻλ
ǵʥʣҲӵʱ˽£Լĵ
ؼǩֻѺļ֣󶼻֥󶼻졢ͥ󶼻˼˳󽫸溲Щ֣ÿһ죬ڴӵоصĵλһͳӵбȨĴ󽫡
Щˣκһ˵ֳݿڹϣĴ¡οĵ۹˴󽫡
¡
һ£һΣʥʶˣŭ
ץĵڶ죬ԣӣлϣĳģеԪڲμĻӾۻ󳼣һȫ׽־ԳеԼල
Ȼ˶֪һ籩Զûн
²㣬֪࣬Ͳˡ̫ˣ쵰ҳԾƣĻϧ
ѩУһĻߣһĻģʿɫ߷ߣŭֹĿɱˣеѾˡ
ˣ
ĻӵͺһֹʿĻŵķ߷߲ƽĻҪԵóš侲ࡣֻɫй¶ʵ뷨ԽԽϸڱ¶ȻΪԼй¶죬ǶĻ˵Щ塣
𣿡
ص£ץϣѾȫ׵ˡзǻԵ²֤ݣѾȫǷؼţڵ˺֮Ƕм£ȫճɻҽԷʩЩ˽мռƴ
Ļģʿͷ
š
Ļӵ˵ͷʱÿࣺ
ֻҪûȷ֤ݣܳ͢ǰô׽ӰҲЩʷôңʶܽƾһҵǣǲȷ֤ݣǾûκεĻˡ
һ仰Ļɫɪį࣬͸¶ʱ䣬ǡ
콵¥飬û뵽ġΪӣߣҲӣʹ߲ȥֹˣҪװһ糣ӣʲôֳ֡ԽΣԽǲܻš
·ģµġ
Ļģʿɫﰲοõ۹󶼻ԼǵӵҰĲ־⣬չͼʱ˭񣬾Ȼʱμתֱ£˲䵽˹ȵס
У
ĻһܿƽԹ԰ˣΪֹ˿ûз
ǱѾҽ㣬΢ᣬ˵ʲôƾһ֮ǣû̫˵ҲľͽҹѺǵȵԣǱʳݣһоͽȻͬǱߣºܿͻѹѺΡȥһŸ죬ңǷѾ׵ʱ۳͢߷ʲôҪһѣ֪飬Ȼ⣬δ粨һ³Һ֮ԼЧϣҲ֮ͬŵԡ
Ļӳ
ǣ¡ȥ족
ʿ
֮棬ȻĻӳܵƣôõľӪȻЩġЩţ⡣Ļֽ࣬Ѿ˹ؼʱ̣ԼӮȡ
ÿ
ʥĻӡ
ǰյʱ䣬һӵͻȻ洫ϵĽŲϵĳѩķٴĻӺĻģʿɫ䡣
ߣ
Ļӽʿ͵һƣƬ֮󣬺¡Ŵ򿪣һȺȫװ־һ˽
Ļӣ룡

䣡
Ļӵ׽Ԫڡѩ¼ӰѸٵıﵽ۷زвĻԪѾȫ׽ù鰸˸¡̲һг͢ļλϼල
ֹˣһʥߣҲĸʿ߹˰֪
űԣӵ˵йһķͣһѾȷɣ
ĻΪֲԿڳҰõسֵ֧ĴӡӵˣȻͻ뵽ͬʱ£߹صĺ˴󶼻죬ЩձȨʵĺس
ҸԵйĻӻõһλ߼λ˴󶼻Լ´ı߹غЧңһǵǩѺͶţȫĻӣϻλ
˵Ļֻں񣬱ϾǣһλĻӣƾһſڴƻƣ˵㡣ôԡӵڶҪԱйʹӰȫͬ
Ļӹ߹غ˴󽫣ͼ췴ʱѾֻһ˵Ĺôˣȷɡ
ʣ
Ϣһֱûб̬ȵʥʲȻŭ¡һ۹̳һǰδеĵһ֮ڣõʮʥֱﱱͥ¤Ҫλ󶼻뾩͡
ˣʥʵŭһǰδеĲ
õտǰĽţԭھʦġѩ¼Զڱ߹صıͥ󶼻˼˳󶼻֥󶼻¤ı󽫸溲Ϊ֮̿֡


814 ̣
³ƽǺҪ飬ʥʶŭӲʹʮʥֶ
ֻ֤һ飬ѩǼ·ʥеĴɣԱȺܶԤĻҪĶࡣ

ңԶСյͳһƬء
ʦ鱬Ѿû֮ǰսó͢͵ϲ졣վڻ谵Ĵһ˴󽫶ͷɫֲ̿
ź𣿡
һ͸ŨŨİӴϴΣˮ𲿽ǵĲķӦҪ򶨵ö࣬ҲʾԼΪߵķȡ
źˣѾʹ÷ɸȥ֪ͨҪٶԭ·ͬʱҪκ˵ע⡣⣬Ѿϸùκ˵ĻɡҲ뵽
࣬һЩǻ۵ĺ˽
ѩ¼ΪطڵõϢĵһʱ䣬˷Ӧ棬û˱ȷעˣϾЧĻӣҼĳһϵԼǰ;ġͶ״
ˣĻǱߡ
˲ŷֹ
ģ
˰֣鵭ݣһְģŷ
ĻӲôκʱκгҵġгңδпܶɽ𣬵гңԾȫͬն
ǣʦԷзѾǣˣʥŭѾԹʣҼơǶԴ˲
ŷ춼硣
ҲƤһ΢΢ɫĻӵй¶Σʥʵŭ˲ġȻֵĵţҪ˵ûκӰǲܵģҲƬ̵Ĺ򣬷ͻָ
ǲصģšϳҲǺ֮ĵ۹󽫣ҲΪ¹͡ʥεŭֻҪûȷ֤ݣ¾ͲƾЩ׽ӰҵηչҶԶĴ󶼻˭Ҳҡˡ
˵ⷬʱ򣬻һ籩Ϣһ˫ϵڻ谵бĿľâڴô꣬ѩ¼Ψһһ⣬ȻûЩ˾ڳ͢ϵЩǽǣŵûôͨô꣬һֻҪ󶼻ֻҪر۹赲˹غͻʺıʥʱ㲻׵Ļ󶼻λӡ
ҲԺڴ˳͢ԭڡ
ʮĻڵͻȻࡣ

ʦ³ţ˹Ŀ
˵ʱһ˳ͻȻ˽ϥڵϡˣ仰ͫһͺһ³ⲻһĺ֣پͨڷӡУֻһ˲Żʹ֡
ҿ
ڴϷûһ£ָֻһţ˳еżֶգ䵽˷С
ãƾţεѩҰɽ˭Ҳκβң
Ҵҵɨһۣ漴ЦۻЦĵЦδ䣬ܿ콫еż㴫˳ȥеĲдһ顣
̫ˣ
ĻӵţĿԸˡ
شİȫˣ

ţԭ磬һŵڶ˲ʱҲ
³ͻбʾϣδյ˼Ƿ쵱ΪĻȡͻ֣Ļӳͻ˵䣬صҪΪԼȡһ֡ƿ֪ͻֵˣ޼
ǡǡ֮һ
ĺ˲ĸȻҲ֪
Ļӵŷǳ򵥣ֻǸ߷ģһѾ׵κζǣ
¥Ҳһۣʥʣ˵ҷʲôû
һ仰һʱָƽ

Ǳ߷ӦΣ
ˣһԵĴ£忴һЩҴѾˣֻԣݽˮһƬߡƶ񤣬ĵط¶һ󣬳ϡ
һƬƽʲôûзһ
ҵͬһɽͣվ󣬳
췴Ӧǿ죬ôһ㶼ţ޿ְûӦĻӸһѾ׵õİɡ
Цһж͵귢һģһǾ˵ģѩ¼ǷͶ״ĻӰǷͶ״ˣǣȻη塣
ô룬Ǿ̫ˡ
˵һ죬סһƬƮĻҶӣ
ɲô׽ġ
ӦõΪֹ֪ӵĴڣ̫á
ҵЩĵ
ںαزЩʱ˵ɡ
岻Ϊڵλ׽ĻӣȻЩźǶڰˮȴڡеĻ棬Ļһ࣬Ȼǻӵܣλӵϲú˽Ȼͬ
λӴСϲͻˣеΪֹģͻˣ˵ֹģ֤ʵĴ˵Χ˵ʱϲͻ˵ķΣյʱѩдһͻ˵ѧϰͻ˵ʳϲõţԣļһЩ˵澡
ȻЩֻСڣĻϲͻûȴһȺĸͲ£Чº˵ΧԼͣ໽УƺԽգĻӻ뵽£߹صĺ˴󽫣Լλ忴ġ
޷ܵģʵĻӳ˸溲˼˳֮⣬Ȼ뵽£ɽƵˡҸº֪Ϣı߹ش󽫲ͬĻӻ˽¸˰ɽԮ
ɽѸ׳󣬿˵ĻҲѲ˹ϵ
ζܵġ
嵹ҪλᣬѰɽˮڵļûж˻ġҰɽֽŷǳĸɾĻӹ飬ǺܶԺԼġ
һ࣬ҵ֪ʲôĻ˵ͷ۽Σ춼ǱƵģڣչֽšһ㣬ȫɹʶ
ʦǱߣү׼ʲôʱǶ֣¬ѧʿѾŴ߹üˡ
ҵʵȻ;ʦңԶӥе֮ͣﲻδϹ
Ҳˡ
һΣ¶֣صɫȻͻ£ӣʵʱʱ̶̿ڹע£ʦκεķ紵ݶ߶ܺܿյϢ
˺;ʦ֮䣬ķɸҲҪʱ䡣÷ȵɣ¬ѧʿյżʼְɡ
ǡ
ҵͷӦǣܿȥ



815 ѣɱﵣ
ͷ졢ĵȻ֮ͬѩ¼ڴƱطЧǽȻͬ
֥ͷⳣһ𣬵ڳһֲͽǡ
壬ҺõĻûкĻӻһ𣬷Ļҿٲˡ
֥üͷģͷڷﲻͣȥ
˺αصģǲûкĻӹᣬֺ뵣ʥŭ
ⳣ尲ο
ˣεͬСɣĻ£ǣŵҲʵʥ˶ǺĻӹᣬҿǰ;١
֥߹شΪ֮󱻰Σ׽Ĳǰ֮֮ʦ֥òԼʥᣬǣС

ⳣ̾ϢһεԱ߹صĴ󶼻󽫾𵽵ã󲻵ġͷ޿ֵϽͬھеԶûôܴ֮ӵײ󶼻λãʥʵĶ裬ԼıСģսӲдһ벽·
ҲΪʲôڰϷսԭ򣬰μƻʯҲˣΨвϵսȹԼĵλʥʵĳңĻһΣĴ󽫾󶼻޿֣ǽȴСҲԼͽȱݡ
ˣͷȻֱ죬ڵأֻս޹ʥʹԸͷ뾩Ϊϴԩ
ⳣ
ⳣ仰֥һӾѹ
壬ҹͬˣգҲʮأôΪҶˣ壬׼īֽ⣬Ҫʥдһ⣬ʹֱʥӢ䣬ȻҲı淴֮ġ
һ仰֥̾Ϣһ¶ġ
Ƭ֮һֻŸѸٵķʦ

ͬʱ¤ͥһֻֻŸͬ𣬷ǡ
û˿Ժʥʵ־Ǹ֥͸溲ǰ˼˳жмɵвеĴ󽫾󶼻յƵһ̣ٶ鳯͢Լϣʥǡ
ʱ仺ȥѩ¼ϵķͣλ󶼻󽫾ۣʹԽܵע
Դ⻹ǵһ˶ĺ˴󽫣ģĽ뵽͢Ļ֮УˣĹעҲǰδеġ͢⣬˶۷׷ף飬иڲ²⣬Щ˵۹󽫽뵽Ļӵ֮Уһˣ
ʦֵ֮÷зáثȺ̩ɽĴڣڹע飬ʹ֮УӡӣԼλӣͬڹע顣
磬ĵǺôĵӣȻҹˣ
ӵĹУվڵУһ߷ߣŭɶ
ҪǸͿȶ˾ƣƺԣǿ»Զ֪ȻʹֶΡ
ܺαؼꣿ
ϣϷһֶֻŲ豭һֻŲǣĨűһĭ˿Ȼһڣͷȥ˹ݲȣͶļȻͬ
ĵҲǼˣԲŻ뵽ú˵ֶΡ̫үүķΪɺеĵҶҵ˺ĵҳԸ̫үүԣķڵڸ˾ɴ˶ġĵܹ뵽̫үүŻ뵽һС
ߣ㵹ǳסʱ򻹻˵ҪɹˣҲʲô
һƽ
ǣ¶ѶֺαصʲôֻҪҾص£ɳ֮к˵֧Σ±ϾǸ˵㡣䵣ܡ˸Ҳжʱ䣬Ҹʱһ㣬ؼһ㡣߿أһţԼд飬ֻҪܹ򶯸ʣøʾĹˣҵʱһ˵飬ʱˣҲܹͷˣǱ߹ƾͻˡ
ӷ²豭ƽƺûʲôݵģеһжƿ֮С
ĵǸͿΪһǰʹѺҵࡣǰʲôҶ֪ϴεĵҲˣĳǸֶΣһһ٩٩̸л֪иָ㣬˵û˵ĻǾԲŵġĵܣҷ֪Ǹ˵˭
ӵƤ΢΢һ£һƾ˵ĺâ˻ѣҲƬ̣ƺâһţָһƽͣ˿κε

ʱѩ¼ڳҰܵԽԽĹעԽԽϢҲ¶ʥŭǴﵽ˶塣ܿ죬еĺ˴󶼻󽫾۾ʮ𼱵ĵִ˾ʦ¶
⣬еĺ˴󶼻гϻ̳Ͽ֣ԩʥĻ֮䲢κεĹᡣֻһλĻӵȷʵ£ǱϴǾܾˡ溲˼˳ȫˡ
ѩ¼ʹһᡣȻԼʳԡǶĻӵõ˱߹غ˴󽫵֧֣Щֻǵһ֮ǣĻӺЩ߹ش֮źһûС
ĻӶƾ޴¡
ˣʾ˾еһжָ˱߹صλ˴󶼻󽫾ȴʼûȷ֤ܹ֤溲˼˳졢֥С
󽫸溲ȻǺˣΪ͢ºͣһԺãǴս̫ٱεˣ˽£¡˸̲˾ԡӵ˿ݣ˶Ͽɸ溲е棬ĻȷʵʶļֵҲȷʵͼ£Ƕܾˡ
ʹлʵͼ£еĴ󳼣ֻܶ˶ܾ˶ѡܾͳɹȫͬĸܾ൱ʲôûз
ֻӦˣǹᳯس
ԡӵ˵Ŀڹ޷κ˴󶼻ǵϾЩ󶼻ÿһλԺգΪ㼸˲׽Ӱָ𣬾ͽ׽
Ļ͢سǻкԣҲ̫Ϸˡ
ȻӰ죬żλ󶼻ıۣȶȽ˵ʱ򣬵ڶ糯ʱһ˭Ҳ벻һ˭Ҳ벻鷢ˡ
£˲б࣡
ڽһʱ򣬰׷ԲԵʷ˲ͻȻ˱һɫǰȥ
ʷʲô飬˵ɡ
ʥʵտԶ͸Ϻ󣬲ǴӴϴģǴӲ޾ĸߴƮ


816 籩Ͷ״
£ǰգǷ˾Ѳߵʱ򣬷ֺ˹мɣʵʱȴԳˣһǴ󶼻ĸ
ʷЦһ
ˣ
ʷһ䣬ʱһƬˣնʱΪ֮һ䡣Ҫ˵ʱ䳯۵ףܹעģɾѩ¼
ʷֻһͷѾᵽζԼ֪ôˡ
ʷ粻ڣڣʱ˵ʲô˼
ֲʷƽϳȴμ˳飬ԭΪ˶ֻǲ֪Ϊʲôرᵽ죿
²֪ʷǷʲô볯μ

˼תѩԼ˴󶼻ʵȶѾ࣬˭Ҳ֪ʷΪʲôֻʱ
ʷȺ˴󽫶ǴƵسΪ¹ͣ˵ʲôҪ˵ܲЩΪ͢º͵Ĵĺɣ
ʱһ۵ͻȻˡ
ʷʥֱ࣬ҲֻΪλȻʱˡڳ͢еУ˵Ǻͺ˴֮ϵõġ֮ԹϵãԭҲܼ򵥡
Ϊеĺ˽춼ȥˣûѡֻѡػص£Щ˴󽫡ˣٻ֪һִ磬ͺ֮һֱźϣȴݿľ롣
ҲıʿƶĲԡ
ʱҲֻЩ˴˵ϼˡ
£
ʷû˵ֻƳһۣȻ˴Ϸ۹ϣΪʥʣ
Ϊ߽͢ȴ뿪飬ְأ˾еĴ⣬װ磬αװɺ̣ǣǾϲ⡣Ƿ˾Ͱץסˡⲻص㣬صǣǷ˾˴ѵһšҲϳҪԭ򡣡
ĳƣ佫ϧҸλ㡾ְأ棬ҲҴξð֮ǷΪ߹ش󽫣󶼻۹Ĵ󽫾˼ڱ߽ŻȡЧ͢ȴĻ֮żƵֻźĻӹᣬһŵȫԸȻĻӵϻλһλȴŵ֮󣬱ȻΪ࣬ʦ׿ΪȺӣǱΪ飬ֱϳҪϲ⣬ͼı췴
ʷһ˵ţһ߼Ļ
ʷһ䣬¡ͬһʯ֮УʱһȺɲһƬڡʦ֮Уÿһ춼иֵʷǵıְǼ£йʧˣϵ䣬µͨ¼ϵʥʣͬڵ֮С
ڳʱˣϰΪ
εȴͬʷ˲ĻУ˼ѰĴʣĳ̶ֳǽɵĴʣһǡλһǡࡱһСס֡Ϊ˵ǾԵĽɡ
˴ˣ˵𣿡
߹ش󽫺ͻӹᣬȡλãֱǻʣôĵӣ
˲ɲҪ˵˵һǵ۹󽫣һǻӣ˵֮ǰɲС£ο첻֮ǰǻո˹ظԭ´󹦣Ҫй֮𣿡
ʲôʷǳ͢ϳѵ㻹ʷְǼ£ʷķ֮£㣬ʱ˵ʲô˼ѵҲǣ𣿡

һը˹ѩ¼ǣڶ֮࣬вٵ˱ȥڵĳ͢μΪ˵ڵĴвٹѺľǵͬšѣʮĽ飬ĵˡ
ʷ㽫ź
ڳңҵʱ򣬴ϷֳַʥߵĴܹ̫ʿ߹ͻȻ˵ˡһ䣬˲Ҳ˵ȡ׼õźǰ
һԣȫװǰӵʷнźͷĵȥ
һĻԭзڵĴ˲䰲˶һ˴ϷȻʷ˲˵Ļӹᣬǻû˿Ƿţ֪е١
ˣ
ҲǷ䵽ʥеɲǣͻȻһû˿ףڵͻȻޱȣͺɽϷһһǣжоһǿҵĲ
һɲǣʱ·ֹΧȻʲô˷оõһϢͲĿֲϢ籩ϯϢǰ͢е˶ϰС
ˣ
һŭڴл죬ʹоҵĲ·ʱܱѿ
죬ҪԽͣ
һʯǧˣʥʵһھʦ˾޴ĵ𣬲ҵ۹ĸָı䡣

үɹˣʦ֮һƬڣ˶̸۷Ļ֮ĽףرǷ컹Ҫ࣬鱩¶Ѿʸ֮ġڲֻǣ󶼻ث³󽫸溲󳼣ͬڵڣΪжд̣ƾ£;̩ɽˣ
ңԶˣԪһţͻȻ˳ش˽
үˡ
𣿡
һЦһһңŲ裬鲨ƺϵһС
û֮ţȴһȥ࣬Ҳȡ鱩¶Ϊʸ֮ģҲӦûʲôֵİɣ
ԷԸ񣬿²ô׷ɣ㻹ǲҪⰡ
һ࣬ЦеĲ豭岻ͬȵĵ裬Ʈһϸĵ͸㣬ǳš
ģĻӹᣬ֤ȷ䣬滹ĶӡôҲⲻ˵ġ˭ﲻʥʣҲĲ
嵭
ң黹Զûн
˵һ䣬д⡣Ļӵһ⡰Ͷ״ȷʵ÷ΪͷʹҪͷʹĻԶֹЩ٣ǿԼͣѱԼ˽Ŵâص飬ͻû೯͢
ˣǱôˣ
ʵ
Ǳըˡô飬ﻹסû⣬֮ڣҪǰʦˡر¿ˡ
ԪЦ
š
˵ͷк⡣ҲͰˣƫƫ֮ǰʥʻոʹ죬Ҳ˵޴¡·ɾ۾֮ʥŭҲ֮У
Ǳʱˣѩδôչ󶼻λöסˡ»ȰԼ鴦׵ɣ٣³ҲǱϵôˣﵽ㹻սսڼЩսºܿó


817 ͼذ֣ıŭ
ϵˣҷֺ³ҲＯսٶȻЩ취Ͳԭϸ֮ĹϵͬʱıＯսķԺٺǽ׵ʱ򣬽׵ʱܴǰˡ
Ц
ͷԶȻ̾ٵִ֮Ǻȷʵı˺ܶࡣ֮ǵĽ豾ǸΪģһЩطѾһЩңҶǸģԵЩҡ
֮󣬶еԴͳı䣬йʹ֮ǵĽͿ˺ܶ࣬ҵĵ̽ٶȶӿ˲١˲һ£ѾӮ˷ĵ𾴺
³Ҳͻ̣ٶа취еĹϵһ飬սĳＯٶȼӿ첻١
ţʱˣôϣٶȻЩս

ʱһξȥڸ֮в鿴ͼʱͻȻ֮һԶ廹ûзӦô£âһһҴҵĴ˽
үˣˣ
ˣ
һ䣬ڵնʱȻһ䡣
֮Ĺϵڸ֮Ѿ˲֪˲ײĳ͹Ƕ֪ԼҺү󶼻жԣƲҲ֪ǰڵĴâܺ˹ذ۱ǷŽġ
Ľڶʹ¼ͼԼҺүأЩڸ֮ʹ÷зν߲ƣ߲ʱڸ֮ǣȻ⡣

¡¡
̳վڸ֮Ǹ߸ߵĳǽ棬Ӹ£ķڿ˱۶ķ졣ڸ֮ǵ򣬷һװֻʮɱ
Ȼû˳ǧǷȻһۻԵϢܳеֵεķзҲܳҰολĴ󶼻ǵ۹ͷκ˾η֣ӡ
үⲻư
ҵվüͷü¶һ˿ǡ카ӣ¶ϾҪȥʥʣʱǰʦ˵ĸ֮ǣɵӶ֪⡣
壡
ҲʱһŭԶ򣬷ͻȻһ˫˵䣬ĶŸ֮ǵķ
֪
޴ڸ֮ǵÿһ죬һ䣬֮ڣ˷һƬţеĹʿ׷̧ͷ¶ɫǵĿҲ׷ͷϵ塣
үǧҪȥھǼʱ򡣡
үǧ򲻿ɣ
ƹˤھҪȥʦˣȫ

ԣǡȸԪ˷׷Ȱڷϣһеˣҵڶһ¡
壬㻹Ǳһܰɡʱ򣬲ȼá
һԣٿ壬¶һ˿ǵɫ
û˵ĿⶢԶϵķ죬йâ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ǣ
˽ޱȵʱͻȻ˰֣Ц
صģµġΣ춼ԲҶ֡
һ仰˵˷׷״㵣Ҳûнͣųǽȥ
үһȣ
˴󼱣æҴҵĸȥ
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬¡¡ŶֻһϣŰԾҵ˽档
ХطɳһƬڳ¥˵ĿעУͷ֮䲻߽
ˣþò
ҾҾ֣ȥƽЦݣ˷֪˻Ϊͷ֮䲻УཻĪѡһ࣬Цӣͫһ⡣
ߣ
ŭһһ֣˲ȥھ岻Զĵطͣ
壬㵨벻ڻеҡ
˵ЦˣͬΪƵĳӣʵ벻Ϊʲôˣ
Ц̬ͣͷͱˣɱ¶γԱȣһ㶼ûнŵζ
壬ĺ£Ϊǵڻ֪𣿡
ŲǴһɱ㣡
컹ûڣĸһ߷ߣѾ̲סں
ˣ
ָֹĲ£һ˫˵Ŀȴϣ
壬Ҳǽң游Ǵֻ࣬һ飬һ仰Ǳǲ㶯ֽţ
ˣ
һ䣬˷׷ױɫ˭Ҳû뵽ĸ֪ôôܽǰ뵽ʱǾԲܳϵģرʦа˺峤ȥ˴壬ʱѣ롣
Ǻǣ
ԤϣһЦϵķǳɴࣺ
ȷʵ׽סģĸоûдɳĸʱ·ײҰŵġķӦܿ죬ϧʤһ
¡
һҵԪǷԼˣȫɫ˭Ҳû뵽ĵô󣬱Ӧ÷ϵ飬Ȼŷֱ̹ʵĳˡ
ϣ
һԽĵգ忪ڳϵɲǣ͵İγϵĳ
ˣΪҲҶɱ𣿱ݺʮأɱû˸ԣ֪֪Һ֮ľ룬ֻҪһͷͿԽ£
ɫŭȫȻв²⣬ǵ׿˵һеõ֤ʵʱ򣬷лǸеķŭֻһͷǰҵӳ׵նɱ
ˣϻɱ
һȺ˲ҲһŭԱϣڷһ˲Ҳ׷װγϵĵĵҫգϵĺ⸡Ӱ߰ߣ֪ɱ⣬ϣҲ׷װγ˵رҵγǰһ˶ߵȸֳǸһɽͰѹ
˭Ҷү
ڴˣֻҪһ£˭Ҳ뿪
˶ȫ˫ţԣսŵ˼㡣ۿ˫ϾҪ֣һѪƯֵĲսʱһƵͻȻ˵Ķ
ѵջȥ
ȺֹˣȻſ˶ķһŵӲͬʼǳأݲȣʶķ
ˣνȱ赶ɱˣöç֧ɱңҵĹ͡ҽֻץһ£Ӧòʲô˵°ɣңԿ䣬Ϊɱ𣿶ç֧ΪʲôܵģӦòǲ֪ɣ
һ䣬ɫһ䣬ڽҲһɫ


818 Ľ֣һ
ç֧ͷ˹ظԭϲ֪˶ٴΣ˫ѽѷ֣ƥСȱ֮սç֧Ȼ´ˣڽç֧˹Ϊеڽ˵ֱֵ𺳡
ÿ˶ļǵã΢͵ĸ֮߳һһϵϢжôĿֲֲ߻˻ǲҶ֡
У
һĿʶƳһĳǽһ˿ļɵҲѹ

ȷʵǶСӵʱ򣬼ȻһѾˣôӱʮ겻һʱ䣬Ժбʱ
壬Ҳɱ㣬Ҳ˵̫硣ҼҴӾʦһ죬һΪ˸۵ġ
һ仰ݺݵĿһ壬ƺҪļǽԺȻ͵һͷžʦķͷȥ
ߣ
һ̣һ֣ɶȥ
꣡
ȥıӰǹɽѹʧ˶һ
̫ˣ
ˣԺôðˡ̫ǿˣڽԼðսС
ˣ֪ʦ˴峤ξΣˡ

һµεһ̣ÿ˶ŵŨҵζֱһ۹󽫵ζġ
İɡܷûʶƣǲᶯֵġ
˵Ȼ෴Ե൱ĴݣһŵζûС
үҲΪ̫çײˡ̫ǿӦøӽһЩ
ҵͻȻҲڵ
ǣҵİɡ
ЦЦļ
켴ȻȻͲµҡ붯֣Ϊ̵ڣ˵ô𣿡
һ䣬һסˣһ˵ԷԸȷ壬Ӧ̵ڡ
뾩ֻҪȻϣܻصɱңôѩ¼еô·һҴ岻ô򵥵ģοһı㣬벻㡣ԣѹû׼֡Һԭ򡣡
ȻһԵף
컹̫ˡΪлᣬԶɽ𣬵ȴ֪Ҹᣡ
һ䣬ҡҡͷŷ뿪ķһ˿ĹâħһߣһɣΪйḶ́ȴԸ
ϣ
һͷܿ뿪ˡ

ʥŭͬСɡοͶĻӵġͶ״Ѿ鳯Ұ˾֮󣬷ҹ̣ǰδеٶȸϵ˾ǡ
ֻˣ
ǰΡߴֱƵĻʳǣζӣипѡΪ߹أûл٣뾩ʦεԼ뾩ʦϴλãͳʱӡ
ǷδԼȻһ״̬ġ
壬ţʥǰ棬һңΪ˸ۣ
к޺޵
Ǵ󶼻ʥǻ볯
ҲڷתʱһУľޱ־С
ˣһԼȥ
һм䴩ԽŻʳȥ
΢죬ߵ£
Ƭ֮󣬾ڻʹ̫Уٹ٣ٷһװƽɽ㣬صĹ˳֮ϡ

ү̫Ȥˡ
֮󣬵廹ڷв쿴ͼʱͻȻ˷ܵͨ죬һ𣬴̤ż˽һߣһЦ춼ϲ£ˡ
ˣ
ЦĿӵͼƿǵ
ĿԽԽŵʹʳǱߣܶ嶼ȥ˵Ǳ뾩彫飬Ǳߵ飬ȫǣǽȫȨ
ҲһԽԽֳһ֮ܡҲеԭ
ţүӢȷʵ
һ˷ܣصĵ˵ͷеϢ˵˳ԭһ뾩ʦͱ볯ã󳼵棬ڳʹ飬ʥ̹ԼеĴ
첻ϵǿԼڴƹȻĻӹᣬҲֻҪʥʸһЩı֮ġ⣬棬컹ʥǰ̸ĳ£̸˵ʥʵĵһμ棬Լʥ֮ľꡣ
˵ʹ£ı
ڳϣҲһǿԼĺݣǿԼҽ̵ĺ˲ͬϲֱֱȥȴ޻ġ
Ͷ״£ֻ˵Լǻ裬Ϊɳ֮ؼʮ겻볯һΣŻܵĻӵջ
֣֪˵쵱䣬úõһĻϷѸ͢飬һ˵ĶϷ
ò˵һУڷҲʵͶ塣ΪĴ󶼻ͬʱҲǴʸϵĺ˴󽫾첻ϼ޻ı㡣ȡĲԺֶȷʵǳҲ޿ޡ
ϵȻϺ갡
п
ڴƣʼǸǳȺ壬֣ǿԼΪˣȴԴĹһ㣬ʵǷǳֶΡ
ô˵ôŹ𣿡
嵭
ǵûУµڶûб̬ȡ
æ
Ŷ
һЦйâһ£⣺
ȷʵܴѲ⣬ĻӿǱµ⣬ҹУھĻӶѺΣòΪƾϾͻ׵ķŹɣ
֮С£οΣյĻܷ֮ʹʲôֶΣ鶼ô׽ġӹ߽ǵ۹󽫣Ǵɡôɻ䣬ʥҲôŭˡ
͢ǱôˣڷĴЩʲô
ڿ̫ʦϣʵ
үӢԤһģһȷʵʹ˿ơڳ͢ҲһΪλ⣬Ϳ๦ߣҲҪĵ۹󽫲ſء˽飬Ĺְȡ󶼻͵۹󽫵ĳƺţְ쿴ͳҳ̬ȵ˻
Ԫӵ

ĿһͻȻЦ
ô󹦷򣬵棬ݳһĻϷΪľɡô򵥣ǣǱ߻˵ʲô
үӢȷʵûô򵥣ĻӹᣬҪ࣬Ƿŵʱڳϴˣ˭ݵڳиҪϳֱͣɱ죬ټ͡³ثáǱ߶ݲ
ǵ


819 Ľ֣
ԻһЦڵĴ൱Σϣˣзģˡʵϣ·֮ǰȷȷʵʵڳΪĺ˴˵
Ƿţɱʵ̫ˣر༸֣ʹ÷Ϊʸ֮ġƵ۹£Ұ⣬֪˶λá󶼻ثųƵ۹ڶŵĴʮǰλˣһֱڣݣ͸߾۹ս
ͷƵľǰεİϴ󶼻۹֮³ǣҰĲ³ҲֻλáοӡλƵˣز¶Ǳκ˶ҪµĶࡣ
Ҳ۹˵͹ͬʱҲµĴڡ
쵽Ϊֹ¶֪ʲôĴڡ
Щڣ컹λãֻ˵ȻܴҲ㹻ϼ޻ϾǺˣԶ볯áϵԶԶûھϵôͻ
̫ˡ
βô˵ģ
ţȻ컹ϣǾ͸øһˣâܵͷ­Խȥˡ
嵭
ף
Цڻ޿֣ϣľǹľرǲ֮ǰȱŸո˴󹦣ȵâܵͷ­óһоȫͬ

Ƭ֮һֻŸѸٵĻ˵գžʦȥ

֮󣬵ʦ֮йڷ黹ֲµʱһڵˡ˳൯죬ѱ飬Լ
ʷԭ죬ǧձɱ¼Ϯ˹ذ۱ʹâܲǴ˹ظԭϷϮǴӴĺɱ˲صԭ
Щ۱ʹâܣǡǡǷְط˵ġЩ͵ؽ֮ǣֻʾ¡
ֹˣڶʹ¼ĶԹ½֪һʱ⡱Ű۱ʹâأżȻൽΣһ֪
һ𣬶ʱڳ֮Ȼ󲨣
ԭҲͰˣȴǱ׷֣ˣܵĶ֪ĵڷ˵ȫġرǿŴâܵͷǼġ
ȱһս˹һ˧һ½֪ĸԭ֮ӥç֧һǡǡɱǧĴâܡЩڷ౨Ѿ˵
ź鱨¶âܸϢ¶һλųƸԭս񣬶ҽΪ۹󽫵Ķç֧˹صλ׼˹صķҪĸߵöࡣ
Ϊ˹ߵλͳ˧֮һâûڷȴЩѾ˵⡣׵ǣôĹͣȻϱ͢սֻδᣬȫĨȥ
˵ȱһûκεè壬ɵӶš
˵ĵֻһ֮ǵĻôһҴվ֤˵Ļôһоĳ䶨彨˵ĸ֮ǣѴҴԼսϡ
ȱһۣ൱Ҵӵܾں󷽵΢͸֮УЩ޽ǳصĹ档ȱһ۵׷ʲôǿ
ʱ򣬷컹Ĵ󶼻˵Ļ˻ţʱȴҪ˷
ˣ
೯͢ʥڲȻŭʦԼе󳼶ʥʵŭɪɪд󳼶ɫڵ£ɫɷף£һƬҡôҲûϵתۡ
塭
ʯ䣬Ժһͷ֪Լ׵͹ǸԶ˵ꡣһս׵׵ˡĻӣ֮ѱ飻˽ڡһԼ;ǳ׻ˡ
Ѹٵı׽Ϊ۹󽫣һĴ󶼻ȴ컹׿Ȼ鳹ŭʥʣҪȻݣǾܹѺġ
ܹڷĴû˶֪ˡ

ˣ
ˣڼ֮õϢġֵ۹󽫣̫ߣλ̫ԺգŲֱ졣Ϊ˽ƿ˾ţ֮ǰǰ˽ӽµʱ䡣
ܺʱչ鳾䶨û˷쳸⣬ĺܶƻͿԳ׵ʩչˡ
ҵ֪ͨң˹ظԭĵڶ֮ǿԿˡ

ǣү
һۻҵżУܿȥ

廹˹رæŴ򿪾ʱ򣬴ʱ˿̣ңԶľʦ֮ȴȫһ档ѱ飬ӣ۾ϵ飬Ѿ϶ҲʱѺȴδĴá
Ⲣսᣬ⡣
һ޾߾һ޽رλ˹ص۹ͻʺ֮䣬λüҪôҪĵطûдأһ˹ٴξͻʺľʦ£½᳹ʧء
Ҳ֮ǰϳǿϣԷᷢ䣬ͳԭ
챻Ѻ˸һ⡣
£
һͣ⣬ƿ˳Ϲܼһۣæ첽߳ӭȥ
š
Ӧͷüչ
Ϊѡ𣿡
Ϲܼһʵ
ǰ
̾Ϣһͣ˽Ų
ڳҰ⣬Ȼû𣬵˽£ȴǰӿ˶Ǵϣܹ󶼻λáλûôԺգҲǾصҪɫҪǣʵȨġ⣬ҴǵõϢʥѾټˣû⣬˶ãҪʽ͢󶼻ѡˡϾ¡󽫵Ľɫͬڳ͢ǲܸ̫õġ
ǵ¿뵽ʵĽѡ𣿡
Ϲܼҹ
뵽ˣҾͲôķˡ
̾Ϣ
󶼻ͬСɣǱķ⽮ͳ˧򾫱Ҫ˹أ˹ء˱Ҫھмḻս飬ܹһ档ֱǿԵģսءʵʮ꣬Ҳʮַḻ֮սҪڸϵ¶ʨӳͱˣ϶Ҳȫûһ˵ϵָͨҪɫöࡣ˵֮սȫɿһá
ǵ»ԥʲôأϹܼü
ô򵥾ͺˡ۹󶼻ճ͢Ĺأһ㶼ĬҪʥ۷壬󽫼ΪһԶԶóⷽ浹Ҳ˵ùȥǣûע⵽ľӼȫ
̾Ϣ
Ϲܼʱ˵ˡȴǱأԢйȫǽڲĻϡʵϣϸ֮սͻְᷢ϶ȴԲࡣ
ʮ϶ľڣ󲿷ֶǲ
һȴȥͳ˧ʵһʼͱˡ


820 󶼻ѡ
˰ɡ
ƳһϹܼң֪ҲѾӦˡΡҵĽ飬ټϱ˵ͳ˧ָӲܣõѡڣʺϵġ
ңдĺˣԽսϹȥеĺҲͰˣЩǾԲġֱһ̣ξϽѵһȥͰһȫɱҪȥȶľ棬˹غͻʺǻûʼԸ˹غͻʣԷֽţڶ
ϹܼҳĬһܺõⷽҲ岻죬޷̫
Ϲܼңȥһţ
Ƭ̣ͻȻڵ
ǣūȥ졣
Ϲܼ촽䶯ܿӦȥ
һϵ˵ڸģɡôһλ󶼻мʮλ߾¡̩ɽĴڣȻһ
ڵľʦ֮УѲ֪ﵽһߵĵزԶڱûв볯ãûв֮ȨںܶȨһУһλ죬±ĳϳҪ˼ɵ
ģԼûз֣ڶԽԽأ֮Уһ⣬ʶľͻ뵽壬ϣܴõ

֮ˣ֮ǡ
忴ţż㣬þò
ôע𣿡
һԣѩĿ۲ת˿ڲĭӣ
ĺѡ߲ôѡģ漰۹󶼻ѡһ߶ɳ͢飬ұûҡ
ҡҡͷڵò˵ӣĻҪĶࡣ
ŲߵģܸЩѡɣ
ٵһ˵ţһѩ׵ָϵĵһ㣬УСڵĽţ̬ŴݡվãԽԽ֮࣬ĹϵҲԽԽ
ڣ˶һͣЩҪ飬岻ܻҲһο
Ȼ󶼻õѡҵĸףܽǾܷࡣǿ»ǾòУѾųˡ
΢΢̾Ϣһ
Ρã󶼻λÿȱԼᣬҲȻ뵽סȴѯԼȻǾøΪ󶼻ѡǲ
Ϊ˱ֱȻΡҶĽ飬УҪģʵǴƺ¡Ҳû취¡һ棬ǡǡҲԭڳܹѹһͷܵȺ𾴣Ҳԭġ
⣬ųףҲͳ˧ǲԭɡ
Щε
ͬı֮䣬Ǻܴġ֮սײǵ۹󽫼ǿߣȴܹס˹ص۹󽫵ĹľǾ󣬼ϴõġ
ϤȺ£ô󡱸ʩչû˾󣬸۹󽫼ͲǶ֡
ǾԲʺϳΪ󶼻ģ
ЩͷԺзӶҲüͷ
˲ĻѵԺоûѡ𣿡
΢΢һЦЩšʶ壬һأʲô飬ǰаաɲʶǸ塣

ԲɻͷЦ
ʵҪѷŲߵԭܼ򵥣ڣҸûа취չжçâҹϮ᲻ϵķеļƻ취ƻȱڽһ֮ǣϾͻŷԣֻҪǷ򣬶ǿԵġ⣬ײ̫ʵĻôҲԿͨĺֻҪһˣҲͿԡ
ǲ˭ֻҪˣôǾԲͬġ
û˵ͻȻ˵

ͷһ٣Եһ
ļѡ棬ܳ͢ǱѡʵҪĵġ˵飬ҷһ顣
һ䣬ͬʱĬ
Ϊ֮Ѻĵ˺в˳Ľˣȴһĳͻһ˶ڸĺˣ˳䣬򵥵˵˭˭
ڵʱ򻹺ãһлѹסǵ뿪֮Ⱥףе¶һ˲ٳʮɽͷʮϵԶͳȨ
Ȼճ͢Ĺ󶼻ѡֻɳָ͢Ƕڳи䣬ȭͷӵĺ˵һ׸á
嵱ԽڶʹƶȣԹúˣҲԭһȺˣܳġ
ڵΣʮ˽Ȩпܱһڲĳͻ
ҵǱߵôˣ
ͻȻŤͷ
غүѾҹǱߵˡԤϵһǸǶĸڴ£еˣʵǿǷھеĺѾ˺ذҰҪǣͻʴԭϵѾʼӵˡû⣬һȡĻܾܿˡ⣬յϢʱ䣬Ƕ¾ͻȡǣѹƺذҰˡ
ҵһװػſڵ
⣬ռ鱨ǶصķѾüۣʾ˲ӦôˣȻһҡ˵ҪеĺһͶͻʺ
ҵĻ˶üͷ
壬ǧҪ嶯ûйϽȨƵǲóȻԽĻص⣬пܵǰ̽䡣οлûзģսʱ֣Իɱ佫
Ա߲Թɫоʲôæ
ֻʱһˣ
̾Ϣһ飬ھһ飬ֻܵȴµ󶼻Σܹ֮׽
ҵǱߵͽˣܼӣʱעǵĶһңܷʲôһҪȥֹǡ
ǣү
ҵ
һнҵڷСƬ̣㣬ܿӷ뿪ˡȷʵǣ˵Щֻǽ޺֮һ飬Ҫöࡣ
λʦþò
ڸ֮ǣۡĴУѾõİȺͰλʦһ಻Ȼݣɫȴ˺ܶࡣ
幫ӣˡ
һ಻벻ѾݺΪǵȻûпˡ
壬λλվƺʲһ̬ǳ𾴡ּģ˴ţʳȥȼü֮ΪҪĶ˺͹
ң幺˺ͿʯļǮǳߣĳȫһεġˣߵĴ˾ΪĿˡ


821 ֮͢ѡһ
λʦˣ
һָλ
ӣ㽫Ǵٻ֪ʲô飿
һѹ󣬰ֱӿżɽ˶ǿɮֱֱԭǽȻͬġ
ǺǣʵٹһͿʯ
ЦЦһڲˮֱӵ
ǹӣûǴĻٹһʱԼʱˡӸҪǣҪԸܿڶͿʯͻ͹
˶һɻ
Ǻǣȷʵλʦ˵ȴͬν׵ʱΪǰ⣬ѽ׵Ҳıһ£һǧͿʯߵǧ
˵
Ϳʯȸֽ£۸ҲˮǴߡڵĺͿʯ۸ѾԭļһǧǧͿʯĻƽѾӽˡ
ٶ˵һʷǰĴס
ӣɵ棡
ͬһ£˶ǻ𣬳ԾĿ塣ǧ棬Խɽ룬û뵽һھôĽסƽ㹻֧һˡ
Ȼʹʦôãʲôʱ˵ѣ
Цŵ˵ͷ
˾Ӫ£ǰ׼ôãֺķͲ¾㱸ֻǷˡǧﾭ˹ظԭȱһۣʵΪʵս͸ȫӣʼջһ޴װ
ȸĿףǧһûװһǧȸֽ֮սǰѾŵ˸ңЩǲҪġ
ҪװԼµǧͱøĺͿʯ
ӣǺҲǵһˣڹӣһ򶼺ܷģ˾ԹҲӡǳ̡ӵ壬ǶǳĸмͿʯĲҲ֪ǧͿʯôǿºˡ
ȺͰл࿴һۣ˶üͷ
ͿʯǳҪԴΪңȻϣԽԽáǣͿʯһĿزͬΪܶȹ󣬺ͿʯĿѶȲһõġ
޴ܶȺͿѶȣ˺ͿʯĲԼֻ˵ǧ˵ҲһӴ֡
ǺǣҵȻ֪ҲҰѼλʦٹԭϣͿʯ棬ܹƴбʱĿʯתҡĿǰĺͿʯҲֻ֪ҲȸĶ췽ЩĿʯ䵽ֻ˷ѶѡҲϣôĿʯô˷ͨĹɣ
²豭һЦһѺŷ
ںͿʯķ棬ʵӵмƵģļ۸κ涼ԳܵģȸĶ췽Ϊֹεġֻͷ·ȺͰĴУʱΪ֮̾ѡ
ѡĻ˵ȻԸбϾֻܰѺͿʯãӵ˼۷塣

Ļһ䣬еУ¶˼𺳵ɫĺͿʯмϸ򻮷ֵģȫռ۸񵽵סôкܶԭ򵥵ģͻȻȡʳ֧ĿʯӦпܵ۹ŭòǵġ
ȻʪȡŢҼУǱҪдԸðգⲢһġЩòǵġ
֪λʦԾ񣬲Ҿλ԰ߴ˾ô˾񡣶ңҲҪλʦȫȡ۹ĹӦǽڵĲȹӦƶѡȵǵĽˣȥɺ۹ĽҲһ
һЦƺϵλڵʲô
⣬ѾȥôˣҲŴ˾ûвȡκεĴʩͿʯĲߡ
ӻǻ棬Ȼʲô㡣
˿Ц
ԴӺ͹ӵĽ֮󣬴˾ȷʵļ֣ͿʯĲߣҲȷʵԵĳЧǹ˵˵ȻǸС֡
ƽҿԤ֧һ֣Ŵ˾һؿǵģ⣬Щƽ𣬴˾Ҳȫļ֣߲

⡭ǻʴ˾ɡ빫Ӹһʱ䣬ǻٶȻظ㡣
ȺͰл࿴һ۵
ã
˵ͷȺͰڸ֮˼գȻͳ˸֮ǡ

ʱңԶľʦȴȻͬһֽŵζ
ʥλ࣬˳
ϣһ죬˾̫쳹£ٹУͻȻһƬţ˶Ĭ֮ǰȻͬԵ÷ǳ΢
£б࣡
ʱʷͻȻ˫Űˣһĳ
󶼻카Ļӣͼ췴һѱ۾ϣʵ޿ˡ߹زһ޽飬Ӧþľ󶼻ѡ԰ģ߹أԷ¶ˡ
һ䣬Ⱥ̧ͷϷնʱ
ȻϻƽжǴﰵӿ
󶼻
Դӷ챻ѺһλþͿȱ˳ΪĿꡣֻҪ˾Ұģ۹ܹ۹󶼻λõľԲࡣֻ֮ǰʱû˭Ҳö˵
һ˿˸ͷһоȫͬ
£Ҧ󶼻һְҦţҦʱ򣬵²ż汸ܴ󳼾¶޲ڡҦҦѬգνȮӣοҦ컹ı汸ʵ󶼻Ĳѡ
ûȵ˿ڣһۣ˳˵
ɣ
һһഫԨ٣У
󶼻ٶҪ۹󽫼ΪҦĲֻϣ󽫻ԶԵ󶼻
ߣҦ춼ʣҵ֪˭ʣ
Ц
ǵѡҦĻҵԸƼϣϵʱߣ֮ս´󹦣ӹɡ󶼻ôҦã

˵˵ȻҦ첻ʣϾͺԼ˵󶼻Ҫ۹󽫼ΪϹ𣿡
߳
£ΪҦ϶ʣ
ԣ۵ʱһ̶ͻȻУ䣬ɫһ䡣˷׷ŤͷѰǸ˹ȥ
ʷ
ǵ׷Բԣ˽СӰ˶һʷԼ£ٹ٣ֱԲƣʷе̳ףѾͣӣʷǰ޽ɣ
˵


822 ֮͢ѡ
飬ͬ޴󽫾˼󶼻һְ󽫾Ϳ๦ߣʵҲѷɫڷ죬Ϊڣ
ʷӰ߳һɫ
ˣ
ϣͬ޴󽫾ԹۣʷĻʱͬɫˡۣĺúõģôû뵽սյԼϡ
£ɣ
˼һ˵ϣͷ­ʹ
ͬһӴڱ¿ʼһֱػھң˼ԸһֱػڱңԶ롣ʷ⣬΢ˣ
˵˼˲١
󶼻Ȼλ߾¡λأλѾʸ֮ģ֪ҰĲҪλáֻ׹Ҳ뵽УʷʱƼڰ̧ȥ
ο󶼻λߣôȵϾ̡컨ô󾢣Ҫ뾩ʦѵҪ֮ܵôԶȥ
һʷƼ󽫾˼ƫƫ˼Ը⣬ϵնʱԾÿ˶д
£Ƽ󶼻ͨ
ʱͻȻ˳һɫǻû˵ͱ˴ˡ
ˣڿЦͨѾϵĴ󶼻ˣѵ⻹㻹ְ𣿰˼·ǲǻƼ󶼻ثͥ󶼻˼˳а󽫾֥
վһ˶ԣɫ
ߣͨô󶼻һڵϣگ۹Ѿ׳˹ص۹ϵҲѾױټʮڶձɽ޷ɽڶ̫ƽս£һ㣬𣿱ͥͨΪʲôԣ
ȸ߰ͷ­һŵ
ңͨǴ󶼻󶼻һְһʧ࣬죡
ԹۣЦǵ˼˭ףһҪȾָԼ
£飬뽹ǣ۰磡
ȺۻۣһλãһȻ𡣻ִܾŰˣͻȻڵ
뽹۰϶ǱĿϸӹڡ̫ڻʵһ£ڴĹ޶ġҶǽ֮ңմഫǳ󶼻λã±ؿɸǡ
ܾĻͻȻ˲٣ԼӰҲסͣ¶˼ɵɫ

κεطֻҪ֣ضüޱȣظضüɵءԭܼ򵥣ڴƣָѾһңһȺ϶ӴǴӴƿʱѾʼӪʷƾãҸҶïڴҺͻǧ˿ƣΪһ塣
ȻЩѾû䣬ҲϻԻͣڴ˭ҲСǡ
ܾƼ뽹Ǻ۰磬˵ûˣ˭Ҳš˺Ѱյǣܾı󵽵һҵ˼ƿȺ˼ǲһ֣ⱳζһ־޴ĸı䣬ЩõĿȺ忪ʼðͷϣھʩչԼֽţ󶼻λӾһõĻᡣ
漰˶÷ǳ֡
öʱĬԭҪƼԼŵĴ󳼣һֹҪڣּɵء
£Ƽ̽
Ҳʱ˶ͻȻһͻأܾвȻŭҺͲҶǳٹ̵Ϊε͢飬Ѿ׼ãôҲû뵽Ȼʱһţ
ʣҵҪ˭ʱĺͷҡԡ
ܾ͵Ťͷ޺޵Ŀ˹ȥֻǿһۣܾʱסˡ
ޣ
ܾΪҡ֣ôԵģҲĳ顢ɣҲǴӶƷƷһƷԱôҲû뵽ȻǸƷС١ֻǱһССԱɣ֮ٲ
ⲻؼģؼǣ޹Сǳ£˭֪ޱǸˡ
ӣ
ܾԺһͷʱɫˣ
ѵ󶼻ҲҪһȣ
ҲʱܾˣǸ޿е̽һֱдͶЧ˴ӣ˴µ佫֮һֻһֱû֤ݰˡҴӺ֮Ҳһֱû֮ûκе֤ݣҲû˵ˡ
һжͬˣ޵Ļǳڴӵ˼ôͼˡҺͲҴȻǴϣٹ̵ϵȴδƻѡʥʵļ̳ߡΪһ󶼻δʥԣǼ䲻ǵġ
鷳ˣ
һ˲䣬ܾüͷȻѾ˱ʣһĻ֮ǰûϵġܾ뵽飬ȺȻҲ뵽ˡλҲɵüͷ
ʲô
üͷг޵
ر߰꣬ڱͥһֱһдССͻ߰ʮνһԮǱػһΣͻ˼ɵأڸ׳һȥ걱ͥ󶼻˼˳ֱжҲºͣɱͻʺı࣬Ҳ࣬ͻǻսɡ΢Ϊѡ󶼻Ȼ˹أͻʣ״
ߣ˵Ϲ󶼻ʲôλãʲô˶ԵεǲֻҪڱе㹦Ķܵδ󶼻λӣѵΪͻʺЩ۹󽫶ǰôΪʲôͻʺȥͻʺʦʧأе𣿱ս͵۹󽫼սѵͬ𣿼ֱǶϷ
ʱһ޲ԶĵطһλĻƷСҶ׼ͻȻվ˳Ҷ׼ʮңɫ׾˫Ŀֹͣվλöһ
£Ҫְأְ֮󶼻ôҪλã޾ȻƼһССıʵǾĲ΢Ϊɱ
һ䡰ɱ϶ʱţսŲѡһĹ󶼻ѡ͢飬ʱȫζ
Ҷ׼ں˵˵ʲôͨҲвٺ˽죬ڼԦ˷еƣ󶼻ȻڣʹúһġⲻǺܺ𣿵Ҷ׼£ҪҶ׼ҳãĿ޾ϣϳͣ
ޱҶ׼˵ͨ죬Ҳɴŭ


823 ֮͢ѡ
ޣǲǺ˵Լ֪ľģΪҶ֪𡭡
Ҷ׼ѿڵһ䣬Χ˶Ы׷͸˼ɵɫرΧһЩٹ٣һڣڻ¯һ׷ֻԶŻ棬ƫƫ˵վ඼ǼģҶ
ǴӺ߻ӣǵ˾Ȼڴˡ
̫һЩӶƷƷϳسЩˡ޹Ȼ򵥣СȴдӳҶ׼ıͬ߻ӳ֮伤ҡ漰һ޶ϵĻλκֵȫԿվ
ȻĿǰǻĺߣҲڻᡣĻ¶ģȻ뵽ñ߹غ˴ʹᣬĻ֮⣬һҲںʹӼᣬʵѷɫĻӣ߻
еĻ£еسȻǴɣΪֻ£һЩСٵĻһⲻ󡣶̵Ļ£ĹԱļޡֻҪ֮£һĻʵ۶һֻһۣѾĳ漰֮Ǳˡ
ʥʣ֪λڱɵ飬Ҳֻһֻ۱һֻۣ̫׷
һ󶼻ѡݱ˼λִ֮ûϵģÿ˶Ψֱ֮Ļӵǰ֮˭ʱӽĻӺ߻ִ֮
ڣ󳼶лſֲһ˫˫Ŀ׷׿˴Ϸʥ󷽣һ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʥʵڶûб¶κβһ棬ȻⳡִҲǺ⡣
£޺Ҷ׼֮ʼִʱ򻹶Щ˼ɣЩһʥƺ⣬ûбʾȷӦִʱԽˡ
£ҲƼ󽫾˼΢Ϊʷ˵е
˼ִʱһ͵ĸǹˣڴ
쵰ĸ۾ĶʱƼң
ͬ޴󽫾ڻڵ£ᵽԼ󶼻ˣ͵ķŭŤͷȻֻǿһۣ˼һԭĵŭʱʧӰ١
ˣ
˼һ䣬ʱͬ߶ŵܣһɼĲͼɵΪͬ޴󽫾һֱһľ̫ڻʵ۵ڣѾһٶʱ䡣˼Ҫ˼ɵ˺١
ܶʱ˼ƵùڴϣҲηЩʷ󳼣ֻǵĻϵ뷨ѡ£ͬҪ˼ɣҪĵģҲֻôһ˶ѡ
Ͼ˵ףΪ۹Ĵ󽫾˼ȷȷʵʵһƷĴԱٽ׻֮ϡֻ˼һ򲻿ڣҲ͢飬Բúܶˣĵλʵȫڸ溲˼˳졢֥Щ۹ȨصĴ󽫡
䣬˼Ӳηκһˣֻһ⣬˾ǴƵࡣ
˺ˣ˼̳ͬ峤ʱѾģԶң°ȫи߹ٺ»΢Ҳ뿪£ʥ˼Ҳ뿪¡
˼ͷĵ͵͵ģ亹ֱ
˼˵ֶˣʱ˵ر֮ǰƼĺʷһʧȴҲ޿κΡ˼Ѿ˵뿪ʥʣ˭ʱ鰢˼Ǿ͵ڱȥˡ
Ŷ
ǰУһԣһݳŶһȴû˵ʲô΢΢һˣֻص˰֮С
£󽫾˼ʵĻ΢Ƽһˣ³ųƵ۹֮ԭϵĴ󶼻һֱѹϣʮ궼ûг⣬ḻ΢Ϊ³ǰݴ󶼻һְǿһ
£ƺܵһĿǣĴƺ뵽ʲôȻУ˵
ˣ
У³ϸ˵ۣͻȻԼ֣³һ벻˴ʧɫ͵ŤͷֻһĹԱԼһ΢Цһɲǣ³Ҫˡ
ܳϣ
³һ˳ԼڱһƷС١ԼսʱǼһ˲ˮǰ󣬼ֺãȫͬ³ԸоĳһһƬ⣬ˣ³Խ
쵰֪֪Լڸʲô
³ҧгݣŭɶò״ӱ뵽˾ʦ˱λãôԶ᱾ĩȥһ󶼻ΪֻݴһʱֿԻǱλǿԡʱȱֻҪ˶ãȵʱ򣬱Ѿˡ
£ɣѾְλԲ˵ְ񣡡
³æУף
£ҲΪ³˲ɣ΢ƼѪ²
£Ƽƾƽ
ɣ£ټǧ΢ΪӺʣ

۵˷һ˿ڣ˶ʱ׷ס㼺׷ƾõԼˡһƬңվڴУȺ۵ӣüͷԽԽ̲ס̾Ϣһ

͢Ϊ󶼻ѡòɿʱһ࣬ңԶĸ֮ǣӭһȫ벻顣
үһ˵Ҫ̡
ϣʱһͻȻҴҵĴ˽
Ŷ
Ŀһ£дΪ⡣֮ＸǺˣʶĺҲָʵ벻˭ʱ
˵ʲô𣿡
񣬡³Ҳ񡣡
Ƭ̺
ʲô
һ͵վ
棬Ƶսʧܣֻһλȣʧܿ۳2000㡣
ʱ֮ʯϤͻȻԺȫ׼
ô£³ҲǱ߲Ѿ飬ҲıôͻȻ֦֮ڣô⣿
㷴ӦҲ֪³ҲˣҼвԼսס
ȥ
ԥ
ڸ֮ǵһջ⣬Ѿõĺ³Ҳǣһƥϴһ£齹꣬ʱһֱڶƺڿԼ
³Ҳ񡣡
ֻǽһ³ҲŤͷһɲǣڿ³Ҳۿݣȧͻ㲣һȦ
壬̫ˣˣ
壬³Ҳ񿴵˾һ㣬鼤͵ش󲽳˹
Ⱦң㣬һҪȾңȻҾˡ
³Ҳۿͨ죬촽£͹ȥ
³Ҳȱ𼱣ǵ£Ȼҵô¡
ź³Ҳ˫磬ο
ȥ׼ЩȲ衣
ͷĳʾ³Ҳܵ˼ľţȱȲܹ򶨣侲һ¡


824 ͻʣҶ
ķ棬˼Ȳ裬³ҲȻȶ࣬Žǰ˵˳ԭ³Ҳ˵ģбϹִܼ֮õ˴ʵĻƽټڱ³ҲڴԭҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬ǹһˬӡ
Ҽϻƽ𿪵³ҲڴԭϵĵλǰҪߡʹ֮ʮƥսľ޶ףҲΪԭϸ䴹εĿ֪ٲҪĸں³Ҳ󣬾Ϊܴһвƣ³Ҳͻʴԭϴռսľٶϵľ޶Ƹһ˵ע⣬ͻʺҶǶ
Ƕɳµ£ܿͲ鵽˺³ҲϡҰǶɳһսȥˣҲ׷飬һ·׷˸֮ͷϡһʹú³ҲѸٳΪλͻʺҶ׷ɱĿꡣ
³ҲоΣգһ·ӣҶɳɱҲһֱǽ׷š³Ҳһݣװòײ˳鷳Ļں棬³Ҳӳ֮ǰ˼룬ȻԼ޴ȥΨһܹ뵽Ҳֻһ塣
壬һҪȾңڲԭϾӪ꣬˴ѪԲܾôңҲٻصԭǺĽҲ޷ˡ壬Ѿ޴ȥҲֻܰˡܹӹһ٣һػر㡣
³Ҳ˵ţץ֣ͺץסΨһľǰ㡣
˫ü壬һǵĺ³Ҳ˳˼þòû뵽³ҲǱ߾ȻᷢôıʣϱӸûзġȻΪԼ㣬Ӵ³Ҳ֮󣬺ܶ鶼ıˡҶ׷ɱ³Ҳ֮һ
³ҲҲ˵Ѿͻʺͨ𣿡
ͻȻʵ
ǵûС
³Ҳæ˰֣
׷ɱȫҶһ˵˼ڿɺߵ˶ˣɶأͻʻʺȫҴ͸ˡҶɳ޿ɺܣлѪͳȻѪԵϵͿɺûôλҲҪɱңҸûа취ҴЩҲΪȥҶԡ
ˡ
꣬˵ͷ˿³ҲͻͨٴҲ죬ֻǱҶһͨ׷ɱʾȫͬҲ˵ֻҪһҶ³Ҳӭжˡ
³ҲҲõģͽˡ಻£Ҿа취飬»صԭ
嵭һǿţ˲Ϊ֮ŷ
ģ
³ҲϲҲΪ벻ˣû뵽ôʹӦˣһŵԼھͿԽ飬һʼѹ벻ġ
ǣǽӴôãʲôʱƭ㣿
嵭Цһǿơ
³ҲȥϵЦ⽥ȥ
벻Ȼ
üͷҶǶҲϤˡܹвһ˹ظԭսâܣλѾԼնɱ˹ظԭϵΣҲ˵ʱԼε
ʣµһͻʺҶǶһλ·ʹâȫͬ˵âϲͻƣǿйĻôͻʺҶϲ͵ҵʱٸһ
λȻ·ͬвȴһġ
˹ȱһ֮ͻʴԭһֱûжû뵽ҶȻһַʽӳԼʮƥͻսԼԼƶǳҪζܱҶƻ
Ǽǰˡ
尵ͫһ˿ĺâ

ңԶͻʴԭľھ߰˰ٹ֮ĵطһ޴ĽɫţǧͻΧһǿ׳ĿͬһʵĳһЩͻԶĵطһͷͷ޴׳˶ɫҰݣΧ
˺֮г棬һ塣
־Ҳֻͻʴԭϲܿĵ
³ҲϢ鵽𣿡
ʱ˿̣ɫӰζһģҰԵ洫
Ҷˣ³ҲʵǽƻȻαװɸܣǵһʱƭ˳ȥѾܵ˸֮ǣǸȥˡ֮ǰķԸǵûи׷ȥ
ݵͻʳڵϣɫֽͷϸ亹ꡣ
ʲôһȺˣ
ҶȻŭһһŴӺ³Ҳﳭ˶ҹɷ顣
ССһ̶ץסҪǺãˡ
һ⻰ڵϵĳʱң˹򶼹ˡҶôãﻹҶ仰ζʲôһҶʼˣһͷأ

ʱһͻȻ𣬾ҶһŻݲͻ˴ӺᰴסҶ̧֣
һСС̶ѣҶ˺αضŭɿǴ鳭ôණѾ㹻ˣαغңһСС̣ǽҪҶӦĵĵط𣿡
ͻһ˵Ҷʱ侲˲٣ʳָϵıӥָƽ
ȥɣ
лҶˡ
ݵͻʳʱɴ뷣æȥ
ǱߵϢΣ
ȳһߣҶתͻ˵ǱߵԼȫʱڣȻµϢ
ǺǣһкҶԤϵһģһ˴ƵĻ֮Ⱥסڵϵڶ࣬˴֮以жԣ˭Ҳ˭󶼻λáҰ֮ǰķԸѾӴеһЩˣڼ£ǣŵǸЧѾ֣еһЩѾʾҪһЩͶǣǧѷĻᡣǿԽ᳹׵ش
ͻ˵˵üɫ衣
ش
Ҷü
ǵĿĲҪŭƣǿչһսͺ˹زˣΪǡشûõģƵıԴԴ͹شԴ˵û̫Ӱ죬ȴƵŭ𡣹ؼǣӴľе⡣
ҶĻͻ˶ʱĬ
֪Ҷ˵ӵ򣬻߸׼ȷ˵ǴƱӴľе⡣еɵʥģʱΪƵıԼͻʴԭϵıṩ˾޴İ
ӵӴľеװĲ˵Ǵǿͳװʮߣּк͹ǲеȻȴǹУֻΡ
еͬʱӦŰͥԼ¤ĵصľееľеȫҪʥʵͣҲ˵Ȼӵ⣬ȴûʹȨ
ͻʺĻڡ


825 е⣬ѵĻᣡ
ҶӴľеҲһˣλʱܣзʱҶûлԡڣ챻ʦҸﴫϢѾѺͻʺǧѷĻᡣ
һΣǺͱ֮ͥսҲˡǵװʵ̫ˣ˵Ǽˣ˵ӴľеװͥеľеװȫһεжжôҪҲ֪
ҶͻȻƳĬ
Ҷģһ÷ǳ׵
ݵͻ˵
š
Ҷ˵ͷһɫ
ҲҪúðɡ⣬³ҲЩƱͳͳȥã¸ЩĽ죬ŲеΧһɾ衣
ף
ͻһ˷ܣܿȥ

ˣ֮ǡ
ǰһ޴ɳ̣ɳ̵룬һ޴Ĵ˵ĿⶼǿǿԶһе⡣
ǵϢͻʺǱһֱľе֣ʵϲֻͻʺ˹ڣ뷨ֻǰзڣǲ֣ڷѾ룬ҲȺףڶ˹غͻʺ˵ǧѷĻᣬһŹ
һʳָָɳϵľе
ˣӢ
һԣ³ҲǾΪˡӴôΣ³Ҳϰδ֪֮ǰĹܼ¼ԼĶͻʺ¼Ѿú³ҲֻŷһͶء
ү費Ҫɱȥǿķ
ҵԱţͻȻüͷһ壬ָе⿪ڵȻ֪صϢǶľҵӲɡ
ǡǡ෴
Цҡҡͷ
ȡ֮֮ǲܼǿķҪ취ķֻ취ܰĻֻҪǻڰǾҪʱʱ̷̿Զûа취ġ
ү˼Ҫ߾еķǣеʵΪʼУǸûеȨҲȨޡ
Ԫüͷ
ǰȻûа취ھͲһˡڵһƬңȺףʲôڶõʱ
ȻһЦֵʹݣһǿĸȾ鲻ԽΪ֮ŷ
ȷʵ
ڵϵɽͷڶ࣬ʲô£ûɵġ
ǣ½ȥɡ
ŤͷԶǵһεѰĸ¼ǵıԽԽɫֳһļơȻЩ˽УǳЩ˽죬Ȼ൱ĺͷ죬ֻҪõͨЩ˾ܹЧӰеЩ˽죬Ҫ߾еΧҲû̫ѡ
ǣүĩ
æӦ

˵ʱʱ죬彫һзԸȥ׵ʱͻȻһ˵ע⡣˷׷ŤͷʶѭȥֻһֻɫŸ룬ͻȻ£ӣ˽
ǾǵŸ룡
ֻŸ룬˶ɫ΢΢һ䡣дϢضŸ룬ҸݽͬŵŸҲɫͬɫŸ룬һֻкܽ״Żʹá
ô£
üͷһдΪȡʱʵ벻ͨлʲô飬һ͵Լ
ù
һԣܿץֻŸ룬ȡצϵż㣬͵С
̯ż㣬ֻǿһۣʱɫ䡣
ҵ齻㣬Ȼȥһ˾ʦ
˵䣬ߣ˴㵵ĿУҴҵĿżֻһգ۾Ѹٵʧ⡣

ʲôƵ뿪˷أȥ˾ʦ
ңԶͻʴԭϣɫӪҶǰǶϢ˫һĴλվĲš
Ҷˣǧȷǵ˸һֱ뿪ˣ˹ɳأʧھʦġ
һͻʳڵϣ
ӣֵطĺôһͻ˻棬Զڴƾʦôۡ
鵽ʲôԭΪʲôʱ뿪
Ҷ΢΢ǰ㣬ʵ
̫ͻȻˣ
뿪ҶΪ⣬һƬ
ɵʵֻ˶ѣһ϶󽫼ķ죬ϼ޻öԸʵܸߣһڴһֱ˵͹λˡ
ͬǶǼҶɽսûϢ˽ȻͬλʮĴ꣬սչֳľѣҶֱԣͻʶܹڱսϺǸ꿹ָָͷࡣ
ҲΪ仰ɳ޿ɺŻᷢǸ´ɱ
λƵȻָǿ󣬵ǹڵ΢书ȴѨҲǶҲɱģҪʦ£ͻϣɱ˵ĸ֮УϮսնǸꡣ
ֱǶһ˱Լ磬ж˾˹صսâܣ
ԭȱ֮սâսϢһ̣Ƕܵ˾޴𺳣еɱʱȫʵĸɸɾȻٺλ˹صս棬̸Ѿãһʨ
ǶʵʹâҲ󣬶׼
âܶĶ֣ǶΪԼռˡ٣Ҫͻն壬ѾüʵʡҲΪʲô³ҲӵˣŹԭ
ˣǲˣƺλĶйءǵõϢƺĶ緸ˣɱˣƺ漰һλ·ͻȻŲò뿪
УϡǸһ̬ϹϾ
磿Ǹõļһ𣿡
ҶǶƤ͵һ£аϢѼͬҶѼķǳȫ棬֪ǸûĳۿѪ
ںܶǰؽΣû뵽ھȻֳˡ
Ҳһ飬Ͻ֤һϢ٣
Ҷԥϣ̬ȷǳҲһߵķ
ڷ뿪֮ʱǶΨһй˼ɵģҲһѡ˺˵˵ԶҲԶ£ǱȫԳԮġ
嶼ڣôҲûκΰǶҪ˼ɵĶˡ
ǳľе⣬ǧѷĻᣡ


826 Ҷ
Ҷûеȴ̫ʱ䣬֮һֻ޴ӥ磬ӾʦķӹɽԭҶӪ֮Сż㣬ֻж̶̵ļ֣
Ϣȷ䣬Ķüǰӻʹγۿ֢ڴɱˣֵͦ󣬴Ѿ룬⣬¼ȷȷʵʵ漰һλҹ
һЩصСϢ
ã
ϢҶüһ棬ݶʱһɨգˬ̲סЦЦӪʣԭϿջ죺
ҲȻֻᣬҲصȴˡȥᣬϣǾͳ׵ĴݻٴƵе⣡
ƵӴľе⣬һݰͻʺʺҶҪٵеҲһ죬һˣʱڵ˿ʵֵʱˡ
ǣ
ܿȥ
¡
һʯǧˣҶһͻʴԭϣ֪ٴͻʵʿӵٻ˷ƾ۶ͬһʱ䣬໽У޴󡢽˶Ҳӵ
һʱ䣬ԭɱһƬսǰ

ҹɫʱʹԭĵطԭʿĵطȴһƬյ
Ǯƣ֣ЩһȻţ
ԶԶģҹͻȻһͻЦһ̽һ£ܿɶȥֻգۼ䣬¡¡ɰǧӵڶǰ棬һߴ˶Ӱһƥһ˶ߵ׳ԣԣһҰԵζۡ
Ҹϣսپ˭ˣ˲أȥã
ҶҹɫƮԶ
ģ˻£
ǾȥŰѻ𣬰ո׳졣
Żôɱˡ˭ǣ˭͵Ҫ¶ɲãһϽӺȥɣ

ҹʱһƬЦХһȺ˷ЦţѸٵĴȱڴķȥһֻֻߴ˶̵ĹâҹɫϢĽ档ͻʴԭԶԶıܹ˵ĸ֮ǣȻһ·ϵǰ
ʱգر󣬰ڸ˲١
ǧ˵ͻʴͬҹеһ㣬Ϣֱ룬ֱĳеķͻмȻûκεľͷǰλʱ䱸ɭϣ岽һڣʮһڵӽȻ෴ҶϸĴΧĵ˵ͷ
Ӻ³ҲǸͽĲƸóЩ˽Ǯ֮󣬹ȻЩȫŲߡ
ֻҪܹǸľеⶼյôһжֵˡ
¡¡УǧͻϮǰԼʱ֮һӴĽɴͣͬһͷʷǰް㣬ѹʮķΧںҹмĿúԶҲܸоһӴƺѹԶԶǴӴĽǰκεĹ¥ͬϰС׷Ȼʧɫ
е⣡
ҹеӴӰҶʱӴľеﴢʮߵĸֳ󡢼СǹꪡʮǰҶڰʱ򣬻ױ̣͵͵ĻԶԶĿһֻۡһۣʱνΪ׳ۣܵһɼ𺳡
Ƭȫɴƻʹľʦƽ죬ǽһʹõĽޱȣһʼѾǵ˱ݻĿܡ
ûãûʲôǾղġ
УҶٵƳһԵļƤҺԲͲһ˿ĺâװĲˮǴʳĺ͡ǧÿ˶װ˼ƤҺԲͲֻҪʳĺýȥǸҲһȼ
ҸҪǣҶѾԸһĺ˽죬е˺ܶĸɲݡ
ˣ
ҶͻȻһȻǰ
սգǧͻʱ̳ŷƣϵеķȥһӣӡԽԽܿ죬еѾǰ಻һǧɡԶеſڵƺҲʲôһ
ٺ٣ڲŷ֣Ѿˣ
ҶԶ͸һ̵Цݡ֮ǰĲѾЧеΧȻһЩѾ֮ǰʮ֮һˡƾЩ֣ǧѡͻʾĶ֡
ˣɱǣݻе⣡
Ҷϵһγ䵶͵ǰ£ɲǼ䣬ɱǧͻʿǰȫ̶ȥ
ɱǣ
ſǸеҵģ˭Ҫ
Щˣֵͻ˷ʱˣ

ǧȿֺ󣬷׷װγһ֮٣еſڵķɱȥڵѾȺףڶûܹвǵĶ֡עѪ֮ҹ
ϣ
ڳĹУһһս֮ڱŷ׹£ĺǧǧս֮˵ϢΪһ壬ʱΪһһ㣬ǵأɽеķϯȥ
ɽʹ󺣰ϢǰЩеө֮°㣬һʱɫһš
Ҷ֮䷢ս֪һҹжһͻϮǧȫǸľһս鼫ḻȲϴâܵİ۱Ҳѷɫ̫࣬ԸЩеԴ´ࡣ
¡¡𶯣ǧƾճ֣ϯͻʴһеһšۿЩ˾Ҫǧͻɷ飬ڴʱͻ𡪡
䣡
û˿ףǰļʮͻͻȻһ˴һ׹ȥΧݣͻȻ¶һ޴ĿӶӶ飬ĸ׶
Щսȥֱӱһ׶̴塣ͻս˦ڿӶͬˡϣս˻һĲҽڶԭʿ߰ǰȫɱͻʴʱһƬҡ
ô£
Ҷں濴һĻʧɫеΧȫʣµʮһûʲôвңеĺ˽죬˴룬ΣôӦóôӡ
Сģ
ҶУƤһǿҵĲСԼģҶָоԳʲôرʡȻûеȵҶ󳷣ƹ壬һХգȻ˵Ķ
ݣ
һ֧֧ͻȻںڰг֣ҹлһߣȻ˵Χÿһ׹ĵطȼһѶѾ޴һѶ岼ǧͻȫڡ
ҹնʱΪһƬ硣
ãˣ
Ҷһϣ඼©һ¡֮ǰʱ򣬼Ŵݻе⣬ûע⣬ʱΧشأһƬͨҶĿΧһѶѵĸɲݣһشغĿҶк˶ѻĻѡ


827 е⼤ս
ȻЩǰ׼õģֻǽȦѡ
ȻһлԶûн¡¡һ޴ͷϷҵķХҶһ̧ͷʱֻһӰԶѸھ޴ĺУص׹ǰ
Ҷʱŷһ޴ɫľ׮ľ׮ϣƺдһЩʲôĺ֣һͻ֣
ʥʮ꣬ʮһʮߣͻʺǴҶǶڴˣ֮
쵰
һ֣ǶȻŭ
ʲôˣҳ
Ƕı쳹ҹգΪĽ˧Ƕ˿ڴâ֮£ĴڡʲôڰԸؽΪ˸ۡ
ڵûĶ֡ԷҲֻ֤Ѱ·
Ƕܾˣ
ֻһɲǵʱ䣬ַ·ͣͻȻһЦںҹǳᣬҳһƵζϣս˻һƥѩһʮ꣬ʳȺ̤꣬
ɱ
һɱأɲǼ䣬ɰǧʱ쫷ɱǹƾ춯أ֮ǧͻʱ滹Ҫ¡
壡
ǶûעЩҹгˮɱʮ꣬һ֣ȫע⣺
ܣ
Ƕܵһɼĳ𺳡Ȼǰûм꣬ǹĻӰͼκϣۻɽǶͶϤĲϤӵͷݵĵڰ˴󽫡ĸͷֲһ֣壡
ȥ˾ʦ粻ǳ𣿶һɱһλô
ǶôҲ޷Լ۾
̫ͻȻˣ
ĴڻҪȺ𺳡ǵģǾǻˣȷ֮Ųȡжġ廹ˣԲôóȻĲȡжһڸӽöࡣ
ѵĶ綼ˣ
ʯ䣬ͷԺзӶܿ죬Ƕͻָ򶨡
ְ˰ײеĴţúͣȼ˸壬ȻԼˣǾԳȫ㡣ھɱͻƽ򣬷ɣɱ
кҫǶս͵һһ͵ԾϳĲӰɱȥǧͻʿһΪ˰ͻʿƹݿӣѸٵеɱȥǧڰǶ󣬷̤ȥ
ǧȻ̶ʱھͻָ򶨣û˿ĻҡȻһĻȴȻһЦܰǶıжôսѵأжСŪǶǧâܵİ۱ϲϣ˵Լˡ
ҵƲ죬ϣϸ˶ԸͻʵһŹ
ҹ£Ŀڣ絶ƽϣĶŶİǶŷǿҵս⡣вҪȫˡâֻʣǶˡɵ޺֮ǡ
¡¡սڣһ㣬ÿһεڵϣ·֮أƺضҪ̤ˡͰǶ棬˷۵糸ٶ˼£ľǣ廹ǰǶ˭û֣һκ˿ġ
Ǭ

ϣĹ⻷׹ڽºսΪһ塣Ϲâһڼս֮ûκεԥ˲ʩչ˴ǬʹŴ컯ǿľѧˣɲǼر仯мĳεĽΪˮ룬һƬһƬڣ߽޷
ˣһһ죬һһµĻӰգӰеΰߴһһ㡣
¡¡
һ˲ڿնںƺƵĿУЮŻԵͬʯײذ㣬򰢹Ƕ
ս죬ɽ
Ƕı쳹գɲǼ䣬Ӱһ˲Ϣϱһɳơͳ·һĺУ˵ĿУһӴӰżУһգϿգӰ任Գޱȵľ޴ɽ͡
ֻһɽ͵Ļ񣬵κֻҪһۣܸоһӴѹ̲ס־ͳ֮ġ
ɽ
ͻʺĺͥڣҲͻɳ޿ɺڵĵط˵УͻʺϿգЩͻʷϵĹ飬дսⳡսнһɽ˼䣬Ҳͻʺڵɽ
ǶͻʺĻ壬лҵķ֧Ѫšɽ񹦡ǰǶӻѧģǿɱ侪ˣҲ֮һͻʵʷϣһƾ񹦣˲ٵңʹЩҵΪֹͻʺĴη壬׵
ɣ
һ𣬰Ƕͬһƶ˵Ĵһҵײһ
䣡䣡䣡
˵ҵײһһɫĻڿն𣬰סǶȫǶɫ벻⣬˵ȭŶ쵽˼㡣
ҵǿϣ
󷽣Ʋ촩һɫļУǰսңҲ͵ؼҵһһңƴȫɱȥ
ʯ
籩֮
еͽʵӵ˼£ֻһ춯صľ죬˷ܾȫĹƫУڰǶϾҵıը󣬷ϣһȣͷ£̩ɽѹ֮ƣ壬ҵƲ죬ΧǶ
䣡䣡䣡
˵Χ£Ƕ˲·硣˼սͬʱһ࣬˰ͻʿҲƹݿӣɱеĴǰ
ֵǣǱֵĻᵽˣүǶƴҲ͵
˵ЩͻΪ͵͵ɵЩû֪ɱǣ
͵Ϯе⣬ȴ˵ɣ

еĴǰǣԪ±վһţϣˢˢİγȸֳһƺҹɫҫޱȡɱкһ˲ϢҸ֣ȫؼףŰ˰ͻʿնɱȥ
ৣ
ȸֳҹһȻҵնȥֻ¡һһƥ޴ͻսȻˣһ룬һأ˳ͣһݶԳһ㣬ŵڶͻʿնȥ


828 е⼤ս
δȫǸ֣֮Щ˱ĸսսԼϵսָƣľ٣սȴ侪ˣҷǳڶԸ
еļõĶɾͻͻ˷Ȼ࣬Ǹܸʵ˺ֹˣɾ֮⣬ǱҲǿһն£һܽԷ˴Ϻصڣȫ룬
ৣৣৣ
һȸֳϢĻҹգںڰͬһ֮裬ֻһлѪű¡׹صеǰʬҰĲҽ
úͣúȥԸǣ
Щˣ
ͻ֮в֮ܿ˰ͻʿѸٲȡжһˮҴ򿪣ϵУһɹɵĴʳͲϵǵˡͻ׼˻ӣ͵һѸٵ͡
ǷˣЩݻеģ
ˣɵǣȫ
һͻͼֹˣǺܿͱֻ͵ĻһĻѸٵǵˡգǻߵľ룬ͱһεǽڰȼգܿ˵
侳
һĻ˰ͻʿһ䡣侳ǿкصʳ͸Чвǡ
ߣʱŷ𣿡
Ц
ɵǣ
һ£Ǽʮϰٵͻʿն¡˫սʱ˭Ҳûע⵽һͻʿƹս˫ĵĸеĴſڡȻھһɶĵط鷢ˣȺͻʿôߣȥֻصԭ
һеĴţͺһңԶʱհ㣬ô޷˫֮䣬ͬһ޴ĺ蹵
ô£ô߲ȥ
ˣôֻصԭĵط
Щ˵ʹʲô̫аˣ
ô࣬ȥ
ײǽˡ

һȺͻʿʱëȻʹ˸ֶΣҪͨţеУǾ򵥵ĴǶ޷ͻʴԭϵʿսʿͷ­أҲһüͷǰ̫аˣȫ޷óȥ͡
˿һȴȫɲó
ߣеôҪ飬ΪʲôֻԸ𣿡
ǰڵϣһһͻ˴նϣͻȻ仰жʱЦү²öԸǶеôҪ飬ϾǶϷôܲκε׼
еĴǰͱϡϲ»󣬴ԶһǿᱻԻطֵĽҲЩͻ˲ϵײǽΪǿġšͲĴš
ҾʹֱӳײҲᱻһƵطȥΪӰ£ǿֱ߳ʵӦŤŤġҲ֪ôģֻ֪һ÷ϺͶϸԼԹһǱףͷĿѣ¶һ졣
ЩͻʵԼҵţǲǹˡ
ֵǣϣЩͻȫɱ⣬֪֪˵
Хһٴһȣ˹ȥеȸֱֽնšﬣͻ𣬾һն˶ʮͻʸ֣ʬһ֮ͻȻ֮䣬һХ֮Уһ͹ŹֵĽɫȻ£ƫУǵȸֽϣеȸֵֻܹ㱻նĶˡ
֣
ƤһһдΪ⡣ܹٵĳУ׼ĻԼĽܹལУһܹġ
أӣĶңҪ۸ЩС䣡
ʯ䣬һŰĺԣͷǶ̧ͷֻһ׺ͻʽ죬һμУݺݵĶԼΧȣͻʽͬȺһ㣬ϵϢǿһء
٣ȤҪսǾɣ
һЦϲ˫ս˽һΪһҫ۵Ľͻʽֱ˶ȥͬʱһ࣬Ԫ±ҲԼĶ֡
ﬣһĽҹҫҹɫмսһţһŭҽϣеǰһƬԶȴһƬţĿڣ˶Ĭĺʲôһ
ǱնʱĽȣ߾ȫһ浹ˡ
ϣ
¡¡
һƥƥսĿ֣׷׵أսصص쳹ȫǶǧٶ֣ڷʸεǰɾͲǶֻ֡һ棬սһǧ˰ٶˣðǶͷѪԼΧҪܡ
һͻϮս԰ǶûаȫִֻһЩǧΪһͻϮ˵Ѿ൱ˡֻǶҲûϵԼ̵ľǰȻ˲
Ȼ֪âܵİ۱ȱȫûֻЩ˽սʱ򣬲֪âܵʲôѹ
̫ǿˣ̫ǿˣֻкߵ־ʾܹ֮ƥУ
Ƕͬ쫷ܵһǿҵ𺳡֪˸֮еǼǧȴû뵽ôߵЩܹԿ˵ġȥߵЩȫ
쳷ȫˣ
Ƕ־ŭһбȻˣǶ췢һ߿ļХݶֱںҹдԶԶأһǺ쳹ҹգɲǼ䣬ĳźһ㣬˷Ǻ糱ˮԶ
ȺǶĴȺսˣ
ԶţˮӿȺһ˿⡣ڴܱ߸ǿ֮УֻͻġΪǳı⣬ܵȺŴһս
Ȼһȫװʿ˵һͷҰǸΪ壬ǵȺﵽһ̶ȣһоȫͬͻ˵ʵսҲǱ߱ľͻʱͷ۵ġ
Ȼδ±Ԫ˧Ǹʱ򣬴ԭϵ˥ˣԵһսȺеսʵսлǵһμ档
٣׼൱֣ܿϧûã
Цݺ£е֣ųƵһһȺҰҲԸˣǾΪµһˡ䣬û˿ԥڰǶ󳷣׼ܵɲǣͦϣڷϡϡҵƲ֮ѸٵĲס˰Ƕ
󶼻Ҷûͬ⣬ôʲôѵһˣǺúõסһްɡϾҿľˡ
Ц


829 Ҷ֮
쵰
仰Ƕŭ㣬ֻһƺ꣬ȴǴͻʮҶͣ㹻岮ݺô꣬춼֣ôϷŪ
߲ߵˣҶҪɱ㣡
Ƕŭ㣬һۣ˷һǿҵĳ纣緢ǶѸʩչɽ񹦣
ɽ׹罵٣
չӰãһ޴ɽӰգɢޱߵϢɽ֮ϣһ޴Ӱ죬һɼĿ־壬Ͽ׹
ɽ׹罵٣
˵ǶδԭУսĳԭɽ׹˼䣬Ǿһƽ٣ڴԭϵͻ˵Ǿһ־ĩա
¡
ǶܲˣͣϢңͬһ޴o㣬㼯ȫܹϡϡҵͻƲ죬еĳɽӰͬۼһͷݺݵ˹ȥ
һУȴȻһЦη塣Ȼ书粻簢Ƕϵսףߣʥ侳ΪǶй϶Ҫۿۡ
ɣ
岻ܣۣʯͰǶҵײһ𡣾ڽֵ˲䣬ϻڣѸٵļգҵĳŰǶ˹ȥɫĻԴ½֮ʥ侳ĸӵв˼á
ȱһսһУֱӰѴâܴ䵽ʥ侳أһԸǶͬЧ
һ̣׼ͰǶһʱˣͻǰâһһǶʧȥټ嶨翴ʱǶȻȥ
֮ǰôڣݵĺ׳ȻֻһԵڻΪֻĳ롣
ǶһǸ߿ˡΪӵ𣿡
忴һĻϲһֻܵĽʮɵĹҲֻܷ߳ɡȻЩ⣬ǶΪͿȫˣ̫Сˡ
ϣϣ
û˿ԥͻȻȳ
ǣү
ϡһ࣬Դ׼࣬ȵľһ¡䣬û˿ԥڰǶܵʱ򣬷ϡһߣһʯͷԶ˳ȥ
ʲô
ǶоһںĶ۽ƮһʶƳһֻۡһʯͷжʱ˵Ĺо
Сӵʲô
ǶҲʶ㣬ûмôŹֵȻʯϸ룬ټǿʯͷӳķ򲢲ǳԼҲû⣬ǰȥ
ں󷽣һĻ΢΢׷û׷ǶȻųҶǼʶ滹ǳһ㡣޵󡢻ֹûиûȻˣҲͱˡ
ţ
忴žʯأһһ̣¡¡ͻ˷𶯣һɹ̳𣬻ΪһǽĻΧܡԭѾܳʮ⣬ӽʮɵİǶͱ̳ǽĻ
ǰԭĵ·߸ߵǽĻ֮ʧ˷һƬʡ
ã
ҸǶʼδɵôʧɫϸ룬̳ǽĻէɲǣǶȫͬһʯ㣬ûм٣Ȼ٣͵һͷǵ̳ǽĻײϣһͷײǽڡ
¡¡ضҡǶеһͷײ̳ǽĻûг֣ǿײһ벻ı仯ֻһ춯صľ죬Ƕе綸Ȼ֮۵ͬһתʯһ㣬ŰǶת
⵽ô£
ǰǶҶ޷óȥͣҲ޷ȥҲɵôʧɫһƬҡ¡¡֪˶ãֻһɲǵʱ䣬ַ·ͣǰһھֹ
Ҷõˣ
һϤЦ⣬ͻȻӶ𡣰Ƕۣǰ覣ȴõ塢ҵƲ죬ԼԱװķϡϣһĶʱˮס
Ƕ֪ԼοӲˣ
Ǭ

籩֮
ʯ

û˿ԥڰǶ󷨵תͻԼһȺǰɲǣ塢ҵƲ졢ϡϷ׷׽ԼĹ˼ޣֹǵأɽȻϯȥ

أ
⣬ǧľ޴죬ڿնһȥÿһԵͷ޴ǣЩͬʱβԼϵʿʱѾæˣһѵأʵǿŵĬ޼ϡ
ۣۣۣ
һǹ磬ɴ̹ÿһǹ׼׼ĶЩͷҪֻһУһͷ׳˶ǿľ޴һغ
еﻥϣɱԷϵǣʿվһһգ۾ܻɱͷǣܶͷǣЩͬеĽʯһ㣬ʯһͻʴԭϵʿĺѡ
ͻʴԭϵǴսԴûָЩǾܴӮսܹôЧȺ޼䣬ûκһĶֳһµѪЩͻʴԭϵʿҲǵһμ
ߣǸǵĶ֡
УҶ˲ˣ֪ʹõʲôҶ棬һҪ취Ҷ˾ȳ
ͻսʿ֧͸Ч𺳵ʱһ֧ͻȴ֮ͬһ㣬ŰǶ֮ǰĵطȥһͻʽ쳤Хֻܵʹȿֺ󣬷ܲǰȥ
ߣ˭ҲǸͻҶȻͰȫɱ⣡
һİ˳ǹվڶǰбһļµĺâ
ɱ
һ£ǹǰָİ˳ɱһԶ㼯һ֧ΪĵСͷʸͣǰɱȥأǱ֧˵ɱǾ޴ǣͻʿȫһһնɱ
壡
Ҳץסᣬ׷ȥֻһϣĺвϵ˸۵ѪУһͻʿҽţ׷ءֳɱǶǧͻ˱Ұʣ²һǧˡ
ߣǸˣӰ
ʣµͻ￴һĻڶ־ȫһͬްɢܡϡϲµУеԪ粨ʽѧͬ籩ײһ˫սȻ

ͻȻһĲҽлҹգͬ㣬쳹ֻһҽȻֹ޴УһͣЪˣսսˡ


830 ѹʽʤ

У建չջ˫֣һһ׼ʥ侳Ѫӿڣֻڵ罭ӷӿƵһΪֱӴʥ侳һͻƵʥ侳أһ·ǣͣʥ侳صľ硣
Ӧõģ⵽ʲôа
һ΢ϸÅȣűζǰǶݣëϡ裬ͬʬһ㣬ֻʣһƤֲӵİǶȻûȻĶ塣
컯ݵһа
һЦӵվ˰ǶǰԸ
ааԭˣ
Ƕ㱣Ȼͫе˿âͬвѸϨһ㵹صĵڵϡ
ϲɱǶһв⣬Ҷսش¼ͻʺʷı䣬2000㣡
ϲɹˡƵս񣬱ʧܳͷ
ʱ֮ʯʱԺ¶һ˿ЦݣɱǶ2000㣬֮ǰĽѾ4670ˡ
ֿȥ֮ʯжһһˣ
а
һ·彥֣Ҫô㣬õķʽǻɱԷһЩʵǿλߵĴЩͶԷ۹йأӶıʷľ޶
ЩʱǴȵպҪʱȥһһЩǳҪ
е
ȱںʹâһۣ廨ѴһսףѾ֮ʯͷ֮ʯʵһЩǳǿıڶǿսУӵоصáЩĶһǳľ޴ֻһжֵķѵԽ࣬ҲԽǿ
ϣϣ
ŤͷһԱߵλ˴峤ϣ˻⣬һ¡¡̳ܵǽĻѸɢȥ߽⣬еΧľʱԾʬҰѪɺӣҹɫڸǲסгһŨŨѪζ
үսѾеͻ˶Ѿֻܡ⻹ץһЩ²ʽô죿
ոտ󷨵ıԵһĶӳųǹѪζ˹
ܵľˣ׷ˣڷ²ȫȥ⣬֪ͨңձɡ
嵭
εսǷǳģеǰʬҰǾ󲿷ֶͻˣЩ޴ǵʬ壬൱ޣ󲿷ֶֻˡ
ү
һյӶߴһƥս֪ʲôʱ˹
ϹˣҪȥǼһ𣬰齻һ£
˳ǵĿ⿴ȥȻҹһԶ𣬻ƶҰܼôõʱ䣬˷ӦЩ˹鿴ˣǴ˲ࡣ
ˣڻǼʱ֪ͨңϽ뿪ɡھеʱᣬͽɡ
ǣү

ûȵ˸Ϲǧܿ뿪ˡ뿪֮󲻾ãһ׺ǧʿŻѸ˹еǰ޵ĳ˶ɫ䣬мɫ԰ˣҪŻ¡
̫ˣϵı־ÿ϶һͷͼͻʿıǣЩ˶սʿ
ûмǴĻЩӦöǾо񣬶ֻд˵еλҶܵЩһϲ͵Ϯһǳʱ򣬸ǧˣսĽ˺üû뵽ǾȻ
̫ˣǵ˿ڣûеڶ˿ڣ̫ǿˣʲôģսֱֲ
ǵģǺͻһˣ

һ״ҵͻˣ˶ļ²ѡЩѪȵģں̵ܶʱھͱɱɾˣսֻҪһͷƤ顣ڴ֮ǰ˴ӲȻսǿľӡ
𣿡
һ࣬ûע⵽ĵطɫ׺˽죬ѹɫ΢΢Щѿ
ĲǺǺ˸֮ǵЩˣڵҲֻǲʵˡ
һĺ˳ͷƬ̧̣ͷ̽ŵ
ˣӦûԶҪ׷ȥ𣿡
ˣ
˽˼Ƭ̣ܿҡҡͷ
Ǹ˾һɣ˭ҲóȻȥӽǻǲҪȥùͷϽʰһ°ɡ
ǣˣ

һ·糾ͣ·̣ϵ˵ĸ֮ǡʱѾǳʱˣؼһƬڰûй֮ҲһƬţ˶˺˯֮С֮ŵĴŴ˿ȴţһεӰѩһƥɫĸͷǺЦЦȻͬһλ䷲Ӱ㣬ڳſĬĬȴš
ôҵļƲ߲ɣ
һȣӹйâһӭȥ΢̧ףһ
ǵȻҲ˭ļƲߡ
ٰӣ̲סЦĬ֪Է˵ðǶҶϵǷšȷʵǼٵģȴģĶȷȷʵʵӻʹгˣҳ֮ڵĿѪ֢ڴϱˣͬʱײһλҹȴûɱλҲû޴ɱ¾ǡǡ෴ڿҪʧȥǵһ̣ͻȻ֮סԼ
ǰûз
֮ûصظдһţ֮ͻִˣһս
ʱõϢ
֮ǰļѾֻٿԻ󰢹Ƕɾ裬ǰǶȷʵ壬뿪뿪ɳأҲȥһŵĶõ顣
ϧħһߵһɣǶվ٣е⣬һΪȫȫ塣
ҲˣҪϴȱһֱ˹͡׼һ£͢дۣҲҪ㹦͡
һԵ
֪ЩʵҲôģ˵Ҳе۵ͽɡ
Ц֣һ˺ܿͨ˳ţ˸֮ǡ

Ƭ֮һֻŸڿնѸٵҹգܿʧ˾ʦķ

һҹȥ糿ոպһ࣬ͻȻ֮䣬һŴ򿪣һӰ洳˽
үˣ
Ǹսʹе
ôˣ
üͷӦ֪ԼĹأûرҪ飬ϽʱԴķġ


831 ²ͻĻӣ
ˣүǵץһȺ²𣿡
ɫͨ죬һ˷ܵ
֪ʲô𣿡
ЩɻĴս֮ǵõ˸ץһ²岢ʲôرġ
үץһˣȺ²棬ȻһͻʺĻӣһɳ޿ɺ۰ĻӣͻʺĿɶǶαҪ̾ģɳ޿ɺ˳ĸ٣û뵽Ȼץסˡ
Ǽٵ

һ͵Ĵλվ
ڶͻʺӵĵλҪҪߣԭܼ򵥣ΪͻʺûԺ֮˵ͻʺҲԶûôĻӡŮһλͻʿɶĻӣһܵɳ޿ɺ谮֣ͻʺĵλֱ
Ҳû뵽ԼζԸǶȻƽ׷²һλͻʺѪӡ
үϵʱǰеķ²׼ȫѵһ飬ܲڳʲôͻõĶҲʱע⵽һ˿ܲԾĴŷǳͨʿҲһλܸߵӣôǻھеˣһȺ²롣
ȻϢ֪ͨģͻʻȴǳ±ֵġڸ֮ǵĵµҵƲ죬ԪϣϵͳͳڣһȺΧһ±Ա߽˵
ҵʱҲ;⣬ԾһͻĹҲû뵽ȻͻʵĻӡΪȷϣҵʱ룬ͰѺ³Ҳ˹ͻʳ裬ͳͳ㵽ˣеͻʻ壬ӦöϤ³Ҳ֮󣬾Ȼһ۾ϳͻʵĻӣ
š
˵ͷ͸һССģ߶ߵӿ档ͻʵĻһʮһˣϵ·ȻѾǳսŪ⣬ϸȥȻܱһǳͻ˷Ρ
ȷʵͻеĻ壡
忴Ǹͻ·һȼյ̫һֻֻХĹͼԺһͷȻӴͻʻҺ٣Ҳ֪ͻʵʥɽ̫ɽȺǻȼյֻ̫жͻʺҲʹõı־Ѫͳ
¡
һ̣û˿ԥ˽ȥ
ҪɱҡͻʵĻӣҿԸǺܶǮҪɱҰ
ͻʵӣƺܵ˾޴ľţ˫˫һţɪɪϸȥͻ֣ᷢͻʻǵҶǶߵͻˡ
ţ
ͻʻһţͷ̧ӣ΢΢ü
үһ￴ǸϺӦϵɱ¾ŵˡ
ʱ˹С
ĬƬ̣˼е˵ͷǳսԸЩͻʾȫǿвһ㣬˵ͻͣս׺ͻʻӱϾСɽͻʵĺ֮ͥУսָ㾭Ҳں󷽣һͻռƵ¡
ǧͻʿһնɱӦûǵһΡڿʼԺܳһʱ¶Ϊʡ
ո˵ԸҺܶǮ
ͻȻڵ
ԶԶԣҪ٣Ҷ㡣顢觡ƽ𡭡ҵĸʺĸһӦġ
ͻʻһ漴ӦһеΪ䣬˵ľȻǺ˵ԣϤͻ
顢解ҿɲҪڻƽͻж٣ж٣㸸ʺĸԸ𣿡
Ц
ͻʻһӾʹסˡͻʺ۹˶һҵԶûôҲûôḻʣҲζţͻӵдĲƸҲԭһʱعõĶ
仰˵ͻ˵ĲƸֻк۹׵ʱмֵͻ˲ǺԾƸ³Ҳˣͻʺ⣬ͻʴԭҲƽ𣬾ͻʺĻƽһռҲûж١
һ˵Ϊһӣĺ˵ɳ޿ɺԸΪٻƽ𡣱ϾͻʺĻƽЩĶͻõġ

忴ͻʻӴ㶵ӣЦվЦͻʻӴΪ֣ɸ
һȣһȡ֪ҪսҿԸսͻʺӵԭսҪ٣ҿԸ١
ͻʻͻȻ
أȴδţҡͷЦţתӾֵĿУ뿪˼Ρźһرգͻʻ׻ɫ԰ףȻڵϡ

ˣոôӦĻͻʺλܸߣȻͻʺĻƽ𲻶࣬ҪսĻɳ޿ɺһӦġԭϵĹأ屻²һһǮģصġοǻӣ
ոմӼսһ΢ֵӰèس˹ģڶʲô
֪
嵭ûԱߵĺ³Ҳһۡ
֪
³Ҳһȣʱסˡ˽⣬Ӧ÷ǳҪսң嵱ӦӦ൱һΪʮƥսû뵽ǰôõĻᣬȻˡķѽ⣺
ǣΪʲô
ΪѾˣͽ졣
ЦЦں³Ҳ㵵ĿУļ򣬺ܿȥº³Ҳվԭأ촽ţ˵ʲôȴһƬãȻֹ֪˶ãƺͨʲô³ҲĿѩһϲ͵Ĵһ˷ܵԾ
̫ˣ

ҲǱߵĶϣһ·ӹ嫵ģҰͻʴԭѾǧ֮⣬һ޴ΡȻɽͣͬʷǰľһ㣬ب֮䣬κοˣΪ֮̾һСĸо
ɽ
ͻʵĺͥڣϸȥͻ֣ᷢΰ׳ɽͣʵɽͷɣһߡߵĵطͻεĴ󺹣ɳ޿ɺӵĵط
ͻʴԭһ޼ʣһƽǶɽˮĵش
ͻʲԭһ·С͹һ궼ûУ˵ǴɽԿ񣬵ɽ޽٣Ƭԭʱͻζ
ͻʵĿɺǣÿһ궼ȥطѲӣǶ󺹵һֱǲͣͻʵĺͥ˳ϵֻһطǾɽ
ʲôǶɱĻӱץһûзȻɱôܿ䣬ĻӶץˣ
ɽˣʮɸߵľ޴ɫһʨӰŭŷף쳹ɽХɽĽɫʱŷϯ˷棬ǧǣžǣ鲼ɽ壬Ѳӵͻսʿŭ̲ס¶ηɫ


832 ͻʣɳ޿ɺ
ش󺹣Ȼ첻ڣ˸֮иǳ壬װ뿪ҶϵǣɱҶˣĻҲ²ˣ
һеӻصͻʿͷڵϣǰŭɶɳ޿ɺֽ¡ǴһӻأͷһҶɱ²һĻӣͬСɣǿԳеġ
֮ǣ
֣޴Ľɫߴ࣬ӥǹˣ·һħ㣬޾ҰԵͻƤ͵һ£ŭࣺ
ⲻ֮սǸܸ»ʹ޵ĴҶȥɵѵڶû𣿡
Ҷ֮ǰ֣Ǻ˹ǰˣ˵ʱ˹˵ֽ赶ɱˣԾʹͷû뵽˹ص۹ĴâȱһۣȻǸԴ˾һϣֱǸ
ӻŵͻʿڵϣ
ʲôȻ£
ɳ޿ɺͫһ侲ࡣͻܹˣһǴƣԱΪҲԺܲɵвĵˣǶԭϵ˹ˡ
һصͻʺ˹֮Ϊ쵼Ȩ֮Ѿüսˡڶ˹ظԭϵĽ죬ͻ˷˽ĸࡣ
âܣɳ޿ɺЩ˽ġ˹صƹϮͻʴԭشͻʱΡǸӣսף׼
ɳ޿ɺԶɽƼսһǺܹעôҲû뵽ͻʺŵϺŵȻʵǺ۵һʵҪˡ
ɺѾʲôʱˣ㻹ڹѵǼҺͲҪ𣿡
ɳ޿ɺʵʱͻȻһ˵Աߴǽ
Ǹʲôˣ֮ȰҶȳ
δ䣬һŻӺݻͻʸ˴ɳ޿ɺ˳
ɶأ
ˣϵͻʿδݣͷ­øˡܲκʱɫʣҴɳ޿ɺĻͻҲֻĻĸףɶһˡ
ôˣ
ɳ޿ɺ״æǰס˸˵裬һĳ谮ɳ޿ɺһŮˣΨǰŮ𾴣Ҳ谮ġ
ԭܼ򵥣ɳ޻ǻӵʱǰŮ˵ĶͲһƬеڵĿɺλ
ֹˣȻǰŮʮѾСǿɶһֱˣζͬŮȫʮˡ
ߣٲѵҪźǸ𣿺һߣɺ͸ң㵽ǾȻǲȣ
ɶس
ȾȾȣҲҵ⣬ôܲءˣȥ˵ĸ֮ǣܸĴۣҪĻӸҾȳ
һ仰ɳ޿ɺ쳹ɽ

үһͻʵʹ˵Ҫ̸б²Ļӡ
֮˵ĸ֮ǣվǰڿһռ鱨ͻȻһ򼱴ҴҵĴ˽

ͷû̧Ŀɿе鱨û˿ı仯

һ㵣ܿͻع
ǣү
һ䣬ܿȥ
үû˵ɣɳ޿ɺͿɶؼˣŸչȥǾʹˡֻҪʱӦȾܾǼΣʱǾͻӵĽҲܴλĻϵõĺôһû˱ҶǸ˽⡣
ȳһȥ³ҲЦ˹۾Źâ
ԺȫȨˣͻʹߡ³ҲˣҲһϢǶ鳭ǴΣλĻӿҲзݡ
ڴż̧ͷź³Ҳ񵭵Ц
ͻʴԭϵعϡҲûôȥ̽ϢǽߵȴõϢ㼯֮ءˡͻˡʳ˻㼯岢ûзѶĹͲ̽ԼҪϢ
ʲôϵʧȥЩȫҪҾ֪㣬Ҳа취ңɳ޿ɺͿɶظҪĴۡ
³Ҳ˫¶һ˿ɫ
Ȼͻ˳ͣǺ³Ҳɲʲôսʿһˣһͻʴԭϵĵһ̡
̣һ˿ȫͬġ
á
Цͷ鿴еϢ

ͻɳ޿ɺʹ˵ĸ֮ǽڵʱңԶĴƾʦ󶼻ѡۣҲﵽ˰Ȼĵز
£Ƽڻ
£Ƽν
£Ƽƣ

ټ˷̶̼ڣ󶼻ѡѾʮӵٶˡټɸָ߾ḻй˵ľ飬ʵͻͽڽַǳۡ
ܾ˸Ǿټǵˣһͬɣ
һԣһô֪У

УеĵһУһɫԣһۣŶд˷̲סһ̾Ϣ
Ѿ߰ʱˣ󶼻ѡ۲ûͣԽԽҡÿ˶ŸԵĿģƾԼоúʵѡ
˵ʵѾٶˣУһʵĶûСԼټϣټҦ죬жǲǿ⡣
֮£ͬСɣǶϷʱ䣬ϣҲûôƼˡ
һ޾ﲻһ޽˭ſԴ죬ػ
ͷΡȻʥĵԺд˷Ⱥۣʵ⣬ʵֻʵѡ
Ҫҵһʵѡ̸ףܹҲôλ۹󽫣ҶѾ˾ְλҪҵһλ۹󽫣ǲףǸͲܣ⵽ڶûнԭ
ټһƣѵҲһʵѡ𣿡
뵽˫üɵ
һ޽⣬̫ӣͻʡ˹ˡʳ֧ڲķ⣬ҪҵһͬʱЩ̫ܡ
յġ
ԽԽҡѾݺüˣѾ̲סҪȥʱͻȻһ󼱴ҴҵĽŲӵ⴫

ݣǰͻʺҶҹϮе⣬˵ɱնɱͻʺǧʮˣնɱͻҶǶҷʤ
һһץŽɫķ컭ꪣһһ౨Ĺڵϣһ
¡
һʯǧˣϢڴһƬȻ󲨡ȻǶ֪˲࣬ǡҶ֣˻֪ġ
ڶͻʺԴžصķǴ󲿷ֻӵлѪͳǻӵܣ仰˵ЩƴƵ


833 󶼻壿
ҪǣȻǶͻû֪Ҷĸ֣ڳгֵƵʼߡ
ͥĵУ˵֣˾ͻʺսеĹǸ֮һҲͱͥͬʱǳͷ۵ͻʸ߲
˭Ҳû뵽ôһڴƳҵţΪ߲ԭĸ֮ҪȻ
ôܣҶһƻͥҪָɵӵôܻ
ʱûܸɵôڷ춼뿪ˣȺףҶ
᲻󱨣ǰҲֹ⣬ΪҶ˱ֱͥ³֡
ôܣ˻ôܣĹͣ¶ˣѵֲһҶʽ౨͢ĽݱɲС£

һƬˣ֪Ҷĵϸ൱𾪡Ĺ٣ȻҲ˻壬Ǵ󲿷˻Ųɡ
ϾŹλʱ򣬿Ĺ֮סңƷ¸У¸أ˾ôΪ˾ѱ顣
౨
ʱһӴϴܹ̫ʿ߹ʥʵԣһеķͻȻڵ
ɲǼ䣬һƬž˶ŵĽվ룬Ϸȥ
ȺУ˭Ҳûע⵽ĿӰ˫ü壬Ժһģͷ
ϣ߹ӽнӹǷ౨Ȼݵ档Ƭ֮Ƿ౨ٴγ˸߹
ͻҶѾȷҶӡͻԼҶͷ­Ѿڼʦ·ϣ
߹ɫһ΢Ц̨
ˣ
֮һƬȻû顣ʹһҶּͻʸ߹٣϶ԼҶӡǣҶӡ֤ݵöҶǾԲԼҶӡġɱҶܵõҶӡôҶݻȷɡ
벻ɱҶ
У˶оļ¶ݺᡢеֵҶˣƻĶ֣һ˴㵺ʼδķʽĻˣɱĽֻһʮꡣ
ӣȻ鴫
ÿ˶Ϣе𺳡
£б࣡
ڴˣȺ۵ʱͻȻ߳Уʥڵķ򣬿ںһ仰ʱ˴ٹٵע⡣
£˵ɡ
ϣ߹ģһ΢Ц
󶼻ѡһ뷨΢ǿƼ壬µ󶼻
˫Ҿһ֣ص
䣡
һ޴ʯ׹ڵ֮УĻʱȺ֮һȻ󲨡
ƣ
ٹٻû˵һ˳
ǸֻǸСӣȻƼĴ󶼻ĴƼѡһλǸߣ󶼻˶ԣôһΪɵСӣηڣ
ǳ֮˽˶ԹôΣһεı𾪵ġκһӵ˶Ƽһʮˣ󶼻ôҪλӡ֮ûô˽˶ԹԲͬ⡣
Ƶ顣
£ˡ¶Ȼϳڵһǳأǵ´˴εǲ̫ðʧһ㣿ʮ굣󶼻ʵȨ۹û󶼻ǲǲ̫׵
Ѹߵĺʷ̲סվ˳Ե
£ɡ֪ºҼã󶼻ϵԼİȫһʮĺӵôҪλã̫Ϸ˼ͬ
һٲ㳯ͬ͢޴󽫾˼̲ס˳
ѵӪ彫ĶӰͬĿ֮£壬ϣǸӶ澡ʧʱ󶼻ڰ˼˵ǾԲԽܵġ
൱ĺˣһεĽڶʹ¼ǵĹϵŪĺܽĽʿ鵯壬ҪΣҲ˷죬ĺλ󶼻ǵӷѣİѩϼ˪һˡҺͬ⣡
һĹԱҲзԵ
Ĳ˵书һ¾㲻˰ɣ򲻿ɣ
һһĻڳ˾޴飬õ󳼶׷վ˳
¡
һΣĴب˫Բ˵̫ˣ˵ֻĻĸϣҪӺʰɣبô벻ͨΪʲô᲻ϣ塣
һطεı³վԵȣҲһ졣
Ƕûϵʱȴǵѡ˱ֳĬ̬ķչ
ʱȴɱ侲ǺЦȺҵķԺǵģ뷨ʱԽԽǵЦҲԽԽ
£иλͬţΪ岻ʺ󶼻һλõѡ۹˵ҲҲʺ󶼻ˡ
ɫһ΢ЦͶͶ¶һǿź͸Ⱦ
֪Ϊʲô޷СǳԷڣ廹۹ڸ˷ͻǣΪʲʺ󶼻ЩСڡλ÷ǳĶأ½ͨʺشǸƣϡ˹ظԭ˹ʱܳұͻʴԭͻʺءһֱǴƵĸ֮֮ǰ۾ѡ󶼻ҲΪ˷۹ıҶ롣
ڣҿԿڷ뿪֮Ǹʲô״ߵ˹ظԭϣȱһۣ˹˲أսʮâֵ۹׼ç֧ҲĶӣºܳһʱڣǶҲʵı½ڶߣҶǶڣǶˡ⻹岢û󶼻¡ûгΪ󶼻Ѿ󶼻ӦˣпܱҼлĸӾ棬ʣʵ󶼻˭ʣ
Խ˵ԽҲԽᶨƼ󶼻ͷ
Ҹλѵ֮սôگ˹صθȫء£Ҫһç֧ôĶ֣ôѵľͦˣһնɱʮ˵ҪʲôĲһǧǰĴص۹޿ʮΪ࣬ʮһ󶼻кβɣ
Խ˵Խϣȵ˵һ仰һƬž˶˵


834 𺳰˷Ĵ󶼻
ȷʵ
µĹ˵һʮܹģΪҲá䡱ֿġ˵Ļ˲ƿԣһʱ֮䶼Ҳʲô÷Ļ
ǣ֮ǰҲ˵˵۹Ĺأ󶼻󽫾ٶҪʥ侳۷ΪЩڸĺìô˿϶ô
֪˶ãһ֮ǰҷ佫̲ס˳ȴС˺ܶ࣬Զû֮ǰôҡ
͸ýˡ
Ц
Ƽ壬Ϊ԰ľ棬Ȼ书ڻݴ󶼻һְЩڸĺˣԵһ飬ⶼˣǾ֤ҿˣ˵Ե󶼻һְʱ򣬱ٽְҲһ
һ䣬佫˵ԵĻˡ
ƣƣƣһʮСӵ󶼻ֱǷˣôǾԲͬġ
̲סһܻ
ֻƼѡѣ󶼻ѡ˭ɱ¾ĿҪһлǽþɡ
һЦתͷϷ֮󣬸Ϊž֮ϵӰޱȡ
֮оĵģ˭Ҳû˵ӿʼڣҲ߰ʱˣṩܼٶѡѾˣҲʱѡʵǸˡ
׼
֪˶ãֻһɲǣַ·ͣ˵ĬĬȴУһϡ󣬷·һڴһɲǣڣһƬ㵣ԺһƬհס
ּ
һ̣쳹ɫȻİ࣬ǻ̲ס¶һ˿ԽԽЦݡ
ɹˣ
¾Ȼ׼󶼻Ľ飬һ̣дϲʱ˵õϢˡ
壬ѾİˣģͿԼˡ
ʹͷаԺԶ塣

ʲô
֮УʦϢһ㵣ֱԼĶ䣺
Ƽ󶼻ұ»׼ˣ
˴ĸ£ս˼ûκһϢϢе𾪡ôˣΨûƼԼʥʾȻˡ˳ᢣʤǧϢеޱȵ⡣
ôܣҲŲʮ꣬Գһ߷ôܻһʮ굣δ󶼻ôҪλãأҿ
ĳıϢ𺳵ˡ
ǺǣүȻʮ֮꣬£ĸҰ浱ʮ꿴ܱߵ˹ءͻʣԶϵگ˭ָİʮꣿ
Ļһǰź˹ȥһ̲סʧЦΧҲһķӦ
ܱôУû˱Ⱥүʺ󶼻λˡʵ͢͸ôˡ
ԪҲ̲ס
λıְ͢صͣүʱôˣ
һӶߴӾһ㣬ҵʱ򿪿ڵ
пЦֻЩ⣬û뵽ԼµЩǷˣһԼ󶼻λá
ڿҲֻ㻹ˡ϶ԣѵ㻹ԼУ٣㣬ûġ
Աһžµ滨ϣʮָϸ壬У̲סЦ
ȻЩԾȴ⣬ڶھ£ߵЩ˵ûһ˻⡣һƽϵˣһȱڻܰ۱ɱâܣ߶ç֧ˣһҶǶôƻ˶ϵϹˡ
˶󶼻˵ʵƾûλˡ٣ôģͬҲôġ
ЦЦӹһĨůܿ춨šУһ£˳壬ֻǰ֪ͨ͢ʽϵʥּʹҲѾ뿪ʦˡ
ˣʽϢѾ֪ͨԼƱд󽫾󶼻дƵķŽܺˣǺˣҲѾ֪Ϣĳ̶ֳ˵Ѿ󶼻
⣬Ҳᵽһ㣬书ֻݴ󶼻һְû⣬ճ͢һĹֻҪ岻պȵ书ʽ󶼻ˡ
ڴƵʷϣô͵δ󶼻ôҪְλǰûйˡ
Ҳ˸ѣһƬңϵڶࡣ⵹˷֮ҲŭˣٺǱǲģܶ˹ֱӰ˳ˡ
ҲҪġ
飬󶼻Ǿлˮ£˶á󶼻λãԶôȹ̡
ѾʥʶΪһԲĽ⡣߳©ǱҲһܵǣ
¶һİô˵󶼻λãǷǵˣ
忴еż΢΢̽ǣ¶һ˿ŵЦݡ

쵰壬ôǸ壿
͢ǻͷ𣿾·һˣҲԲǸСӳΪǵͷ죡
󽫾ǱǸһݺģ쵰ҪǺˣΪô𣿡
ԣԲܣܳ͢ô˵ǾԲ󶼻ģ
ǵô󶼻ĺã͸վһҾͲţǻ쵰ôô죡

˶֮͢󶼻ϢͱһһըˡһȺӥĿǣŨܵĺ˸߲㽫һ𣬳òɿ
ܴ֮ǰΪ󶼻λãһҪսˣһ̣ڶԴ˸֮ǵǸϣ˶һ¡
ҶˣҲô룬εĴ󶼻㣬ңҲеκһˣǾԲǸˡĴ󶼻Ǻˣ˽ܵǰ⡣㳯ָ͢ǸС󶼻ôˣһ仰߻ʵԶ
ڸзòɿʱͻȻ֮䣬һɫĿŨܵӣĩ˴ɫĽ˶һƿյĽӡĿ׺ͺһֻʮһĿ⣬ս
µģâĿֲϢһ籩һ㣬Χĺ˽ȣԸ߳һأȺһ㡣Χһ˽£ΧΨհ


835 𣬷ӿ
ǶʲôɱˣСӿǴƵѵ㻹Ҷֲɣ
Ⱥһ˽е
ٺ٣ҿɲ
ǶվοյĽϣɫĿ׹⣺
ֻҪǸҸҸɣҾ͸ҪÿһСӶѣϵëû룬ѵҪġұˣǰôǲʲôòʹȫ˴ңΪ˱ʱѵǾͲΪ˱𣿡
˵Ķԣ˶Ƕɽ˵ĳ𲻱ǸЩųĺһˣ
Ϊ˱𣡡
㳯͢ôӦ鳯͢ǰѴ˷ˡ

һ˵󽫾죬˶ʱǶ
ٺ٣ãֻҪǸңȱ˵ɱɱ٣Ҫ޷㣬Ĺȥ˵ĵ̣Ǻ
ǶʱˣĶ
ã˵ĺãǺ˵ĵ̣
һȺ˱Ƕ˵Ѫڣһ䣬ɽХ㣬һƬ
ˣô죿
ȺĻӴбŷ͸ԶԶ붼׵ĵطƥۼһһĺŤͷЩĿһ
鷳ˡ
ذҰδţĿֻǿԶǶڷߵĸ֮һʵûʵȨƾĸݣټڹĶģڵĹǶе˹طϵͳ˧Ҫߡ
ټϹǶĹ۵ȫҲûнԭ
塭ɲôöԸ
ذҰȱڣֱǧݺ۳ңңնɱâܵĳӹ⡣Ǹ֮ǵĴ꣬ɳ˿־Ķ֣ԸѣҲԸˡ
ߣ
ذҰתͷܿʧͨ˹ظԭķ

ͬʱ⣬һֻֻŸΪδ󶼻ϢҲ֮˷ͬĸЧڴƵĸϢЧҪ򵥵öࡣ
ʲô֮ǵȻΪ󶼻
Ϣ֥ƤԼĶ䣺
ôܣ͢ǰϳôܻͬ⣿Ĳ˵书Ͳʥ侳۷ɣҾôḻϽѵˣ
͢ϳȷʵͬ⣬飬һټ⣬书ȷʵݴ󶼻һְĴ󶼻ңҲһ¡
ⳣվھ֥Զĵط̧ͷԼҵ˧һ£
ڳ֮͢ǰոеҶɱ˰ǶԼǶǧͻʾȫû
ˣ
ⳣĻ֥һ˲Ϣ侲Ÿոڲ֮ǰȱһУɱ˹ص׼âܣİ۱Ųһµʱ䣬ɱҶǶ
⽫죬ǰ󲻵µʱ䣬ȫһɲǣ֥˵
׶УĩҵӣϵĹâôڸǲסˣ
֥̾һһɲǣипѡ
Ǻˣ˽ȻͬͨĲ䣬ڰ󶼻֥֪˶ŬѪٴۣΪ˴ӷӱĿƣ֥գһ˵һ·
һ·ƽƣһʱ͵ݴ󶼻λǽȻͬġ֥òϣԼеССļʣֳǰ˵ĸо
ˣ֥ҲòϣڵĳɾͣĲǳڼսֳĲܡ츳ָף׿ԽǸֵ֥۹󽫶һ־޵ĸо
ȷȷʵʵﵽԶͬ٭ĵزǸ֥ԼʮʱҲԶԶ޷Ტۡ
ֻˣˣǸ˴󶼻ĻǿºܶҲҪ֮ıˡ²ټ򵥵ĴѹͶԿˣƹǵʺͱͣԺкܶطǣҪһĽӴˡ
ⳣ¶ɵɫ
һʼȻҲŽңŹ֮ͷϾ߻ʵԶܶණԸ֥ͷⳣ˵ĵλȫôġǵ嵱ϴ󶼻סͨʺһоȫһˡ
òϣ͢ʵǴֲûϵġ
֥û˵ֻһ˫ŨܵĽüȻͷⳣӵͬ뷨
Ҳ̫ģ൱ĺˣҪϴ󶼻λãкܳ·ҪߣȵһأٿǺӴҲ١
ⳣ
Ҳֻˡ
֥һ̾

ͬʱңԶ¤У󶼻Ϣ𶯣һ㶼ѷڰ
ʮ۹󶼻ô£ֹڳͨˣҾ¶׼ˣ
溲žʦϢھþõ֮Уһ˹ص۹Ĵ󽫾ʨϤŵ߹»ֵʱûие˵𾪡Ϊʵ̫ˡ
ϵۣһֱڹעô󳼣Ƽôḻ󶼻ѡ溲ΨûϵĽȻ벻塣
ʵϣֻǸ溲еı죬һ𺳵С
ʦϢֱͬһˮըһʼδǰδеĳ𺳡
̫˼ˣһ󶼻λã
ﻹһҽе⣬Ǳÿ궼Ҫȥȡеһ¤ԺҪܵĽˣ
𣿴󶼻ƾڵĳɾͣ¾ʷǧ깩հˣ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ͢ΪʲôҪܷͨڰ
ڣ㵽ڶΪͨϴսɱʮɱ˴âܣɱ˰Ƕ˹غͻսʿΪᣬǸɱ񰡣Ϊ͢Ƽڵĳɾͣǳ͢ԾܺԵģ

УÿһĽ춼šյˣս֮ǵʱ򣬱˶һߡĹͣУǸСӡһεĳɹ֤ʲôʱʱżȻʵͶôĳףֻͣ꼻һֶѡ
˭Ҳû뵽󲻵˽һΰӴĸ֮ǣ˽Ÿһһ·ѫ˹ˣͻˣնɱâܺͰǶһ·󶼻λá
һо½ˣ½Ų£˵ݰĽٶȣΪ֮Ŀ࣬Ŀɿڴ


836 𣬷ӿ
ˣǻҪԸǱѾ˿֮·еĶʮɽˣ⣬ֹ¤Ĳ̡˷߲ˡʳˮ˵ǷҪȥ
һصͻȻַΧڸ溲ԣһ˸󣬿λܸߵ佫ͻȻڵ
֮ǰոյִˣ溲Ϊ˸һ飬ȥ취ȫԸ壬ȥԵģʵʵİ취ǽֹʳ߲ˡˮһĶˡܹĵط¤
֮޳¤˵ľԭش¤ΪСط֣ԲҲΪ嵱ھʦŵҪ˷չΪ˿֮·һһ޶ҵת򣬹˿֮·ãϢͬʱṩ
Ҫ빩ôȺټפճ裬ôûطֻд¤áֻҪһ롰ӡֵĺ͹ˣڽɳĮƶشܹôפѾ൱ˡ
ҪôĺڹӦǾ޿ܡ
ôʱѡ񣬾ֻܴӾʦȥȡʦˣ·ټ·϶ʮɽˣô֪ڣ󶼻һоͽȻͬ
溲ٸôǾͲССġ顱ˣ濪ս
۹Ĵ󶼻󽫾ÿһλȨأӵоصĵλ󶼻֮С£¸溲ҲҪ˼Ȩף
溲û˵ͷűս𣬼ݣѾ΢ڵĵ͸ӵɫ
ѾƽܶˣȨѹ̻ڸ溲ļУЩĴ󶼻󽫾ѡѹ̻ĳ֣Ǩٶȣȫֹɡ
һϬģ˶ֲȫȻӦ״̬ѸٵĴϣһֱ󶼻λã
溲һôĴˣ䣬Ҳû
ޡءθȫç֧âܡǶȻһǾã͢ôһʮ󶼻ǷнĳɾͣҲȷȷʵʵƾʵһһӡߵλá󣬳ɣЩɽȫɢˣ֮ǰⶨĲԣҲȫʱղͬǲȥսһλ󶼻ˣ
溲һ̾
ǣ
һܿȥ

ͥ󶼻Ϣ۹̳˾޴𺳺ͳͬʱңԶ˹ص۹ȴԭȻͬ
޴һƬšĵ֮Уɫ¯ִȻȴûһ˵˵ĿⶼһطһŽɫοӣĳҸߣ˾ģ͸һصζ
ϣһֻɫĽͫŸ빾ĽţڵܣƺоһĽաȻ˶֪е֮ô֣ôѹֺͳأΪֻŸ벻ǰһϢ
£Ȼһ죬ȴһ壬һ˷ĵλ¶˹ص۹ǳ
һ
֮ǰϴսѵӪصĸȱڵĲҰܡѾսʮľˣԭϵߵڻûг׵ֹ˵ţѻĳɽɺĴ󶼻ʵ˹ص۹ĸ֮ɿѳǳؽ˹ظԭˣǰδй£
һ͵
ǰ˹ص۹η³溲죬֥Ƶĵ۹󽫣ǵһѸٵĳĸˣ˹ص۹ɵ־Ĵڡ˾塣Ȼǰ˹ںʹƵսҲʧܹƵǿһ·ǶսһһۣȫһĿȻ
ûһһڳս֮⣬ʹֶΣıսԼ̱ʱָսԶԶ˹ǰκһλֹˣһۣȻƹеĶĿǧﱼϮ˹ظԭĸأһٴݻ±ѵӪأԼǧຣ±
⼸˹ص۹е㷲Ϊʣһֱܵͨӵִ˹ظԭءҵͨζʱԱܿ˵ĶĿʱԭɵ뿪
൱һѳʱڲϣ㻹֪ⳤҲ֪ȥ⡣
£ΣǶҪ취壬Ļǿ²ֻɵĳ붫ǣҪ׷ˡ
е˹˴ϷǵӰ
Ϸû˵ֻŵȺۣһ˫ŨܵüëԽԽ쳣ķꡣ
սս壡
ô᲻֪Ӧ뾡취ǸƵ꣬ǴʧˣʧˣϤҰʧˣâʧˣç֧Ҳʧˣ۹Ĵ󽫺ʹ඼ѾǸϵʮ۵ĶʮԼţ
ǸƵСӻû˹ص۹ѾʧĿҪܲˡ
ˣ
ͻȻһ쳣Ĵ񣬵һƬţ˶رͣ
Զ뱱ڵıϽκεսˣ
߲ͣһζʱŲڣҷģ˹ص۹Ҳֻе۹ˡȻһ䣬еĳ佫϶¶ѱɫеȫʧĸɸɾɫҲ˺ܶࡣ
۹ڱѾʧʿâܶç֧Ҳ˶أʱڣѾȥһսɼç֧֪ϵôˣ
긺˫֣˫Ŀ͸ǻۣŤͷŵһߴ˶Ӱ
лģç֧ϴսܹȥ˴ѩɽһֱڶûлҲûϵǡ
ɹһ
Һʹң˹ص۹ഫΪϵңɹǶһļç֧ųƶɼҵӥһܳͬʱҲ˹ص۹Ĵ󽫣һȱڵĲҰܣç֧ӣɹһʱ˵ҲǸо޹⣬ѵǿç֧֮һĿĵ˿ڣɹʱһֵĻ˵
Ȼç֧Ӧ죬ʱѣȱսľͲֻǼç֧λܳĴ˹ص۹Ĵ󽫣Ҫ׵ĽȱڡǲǶԳܵġ
ڣç֧ˣҪġ
֪ˡ
˵ͷû˿ı飬ȴһ˿âӹȱսҵĴâܶĿܾǶç֧Լˡ
ҲΪʲôһȥ˴ѩɽԭ򡣲ܿϧç֧ºԸ

ڴ˼ʱͻȻһ˵ע⡣


837 ç֧ʹѩɽ
̧ͷȥֻһֱۣһֻ˶Ľͫݡ
ֻݺ˹ءԭƣԼͻʺ񶼽Ȼͬ½ϣֻһطųݡ
һֻʳ
һɲǣȺ׷ױɫ
࣡Ĵʳһ⡭
ĸߴ˽Ȼոտڣһ仰û˵꣬ͼϵĵ۹һ̧һָϸָһָͽֻʳͬϵżһɷ飬еѪëȫѪĩ
վڴſڣɫ㵣ʱһ仰˵
֪ˣȥɣ
˰֣һ˵һָ߽ջСȺȻûһ˾ôжʲô֮˹غʹʳ۹ڴƵ֮ǰѾν̡
˫˲أʤ״̬һǧʱ䣬Ȼ˴֮ҲżЩĻǾϵ˵޵Сرǣ֮ǰʳ۹֮սϵȫûĻᣬ˹ص۹һѣ׵˾˾ŵ䷽ͳɹ
˫ΨһһҲ׵ѡ
ڵ˹ص۹ʳһɣ
ǣǣ
˵Ǵ꣬һ˿ηɫһ񣬺ܿȥ
ˣʱ˵Щ飬ϴ飬ôˣ

ش࣬ķԸǳɹİͼ¤һҵ˽䷽̽Ѿɹİ䷽ˡ
£һ˹صĴ󳼵
ܺã𱱲սҪģɣ
국
ǣ࣡


ХӰдѩ
ھǧ˼ĵطһ޴ɽ͸߸šɽӴ֮࣬ɽ絶䣬һ·죬߷ǧ֮ߣֱɽߵĵطǰѩԶԶȥɽΡȻ׳η
˹صʥأѩɽڵĵط˹һ񻰴˵Դͷ
Ȼ˹ص۹Զûн뺮ڣǴѩɽɽȴǳƮѩϣܴﶬ޼ϡҲѩɽе󡣴ʱ˿̣һ߳ߵӰɽ£ͷ­أһ
飬ܶطѪȾ˺ںɫȻһĶǣɱ
һǰӰѾˣܷ紵ɹܣ޼ϣҲ޶ҡһҲ΢ͽһ㡣֪ţͷ棬¼Ӱ˹պգ˷ĵ۹󽫶ç֧
ˣ߰ɣʥɮǲӦġѩɽǧǰʹûвֹ׵սھ͸Ӳˡ
֪˶ãһͻȻ𣬾ڶç֧ǰһͷһ£˫ŵɮˣֺʲӸߴԶç֧ΪȻҲûĽŲĿºͣƽͬһ׵ĺˮ㣬ܹƽе
ε鲻һⲻ׵սҵЩ˶ɸ֡Щֻʥе˲ܶԸϣʦܹʥɮһ֮
ç֧ڵϣͷ­øˣ
Ŷ
ͷɮƽˮڲһ£Ǻܿͻָƽ
ûõģʥɮǲģ˻ذɣپҲûõġ
һ䣬ͷɮ˺ܿתȥɽһȥֻһʧɽķ
ç֧ڵϣʧɫǾˣȻ˿û뿪˼ɹڵϣͬʯһ㡣
ʱ仺Ĺȥ䣬һһգ֪˶ãһŲڶ
ʦ㲻ҪȰңǲ뿪ġ
ç֧ͷҲ̧
ҲʲôʦȷȷʵʵȰ뿪ġ
һۻʮڶç֧𣬶ç֧ɫһ̧ͷֻһϴŻɫս׵ĵ۹󽫣泤ͬһ㣬վԼǰ
ϣǿϢһһͬ籩һ㣬Ϣѡ
أ
ç֧һľȣôû뵽ϵĴ󽫾Ȼ
ûõģǲֵģҪʥɮ棬Ҳﲻ㡣ֻҪԸǸƵĻһ֪һһ֮
ؿŶç֧ڵ
ˣ˸㣬Ǹ˵Ѿ󶼻λˡ
ʲô
ç֧¶𾪵ɫ
˰ɣϻֻǧʱ򣬾Ѿʹâܣ󶼻Ƕ˹ص۹ζʲô֪ȱڼӽǳءδ²ֻҪ׵ɥʧʧȥƵڣңԼضҪ֡
ص
ç֧һǰ֪ı仯ǻбЩ֪ͨͨ
ѡ߸һ뿪ȥһˣһȥԸǸңڿҲֻǸ˲ܰԸǸˡ
ص
˭
㵽ʱ֪ˡ

ç֧û˵ֻ̧ͷǰ޴ΡȻɽ͡˳Ŷç֧Ŀ⾡ͷһ·ȥֻΡȻããĴѩɽ˳ŰɽϣһϵĻɫǽ£¼ţһӰ㣬Űװɽȥ
ɽ͵ˣ߾ϷһССĺɫȻԶԶȥϸ֥飬ȴһְ硢ϵƿն·ģĮȻʥĸ硣
ԭΪϺʥĵطĴѩɽ

ç֧һ̾վλʦ˵ģʥشǳȻ⣬֮СԼãʥվǲֵġƮʥسֵļУվͬΪ󽫼ĻأԵøΪʵʡ
߰ɣ
ç֧תͷһԵĻءһɲǣ¶һ˿Цݡ
㲻ڵģ
ת˼粢磬һȥȻ˴ɽ뿪һǧĹϴʱͻȻ֮䣬һ侲Զ
󽫾
¡¡
ʥɮҽġ
ˣХ˻عͷһƬȻĿУֻһڵС󣬴ߴĴѩɽһǰԶĵϡ翴ȥֻһһҵľӣһŻƺɫĲţ֮
ʥز֣ҲȥɱˣʥɮҲΪ뿪ˣʥȴǲɰ㡣һķֻҪ𣬲ܶжôǿģԽ棬áȥɣӦÿ԰ﵽ㣡
ڰлص
һ²ֻǶç֧ض¶ϲɫķֻţԵһôΣôãûмû뵽ç֧һµĹݣȻж˷
лʥɮ
ç֧ϲ
ϵĺӣ˺ܿ뿪



838 սԵ
ç֧ͻ뿪ѩɽʱңԶ˵ĸ֮ǣȴһɾ
󶼻Ϣ֮ǶϲԼҵĴ˴󶼻ڵλȨأλߵļλ֮УʲôϢĵģ̶һ඼λãֱͬ峿籡ճһ㣬Ĵˣ붼룬ǰ;Ȼ
˶˼Ѫһѵʵ֮һƬϵϢ
ղͬʱ˿̣ĸۡȴһķУеΡӣȫŲߣڷ룬ڷһž޴ɳ̡ɳϣɽ˺֣İ˹ظԭͻʴԭԼˣȫԾȻϡ
ڶԸ˹ص۹ͻʺʱ漰棬Ҳûšĳ˳ȥռ򣬸鱨͵Σĳ򣬻µʱ䣬۳ӵҪսԼֵľ޴ɳ̡
˹ص۹ǱߣâѾնɱˣç֧Ҳˣ۱Ѿˣ⻹нӽʮľս֮ǰɢǳߣ˹ص۹ԪˣʱѾûʵвˡ
⣬ͻʺǱߣǹƵߴԵսҶǶڰǶѾеԣ⻹ǧͻʰսһᡣЩһвǲ˾ûˡͻʺҲٳһ񰢹ǶѲҪһڵǺˡ
һָָɳϵ˹ص۹ͻʺڵλõԣۼи֮ǵĽ죬ҵƲ졢١ǡԪ±򡭡֮һ۾˵š
Դ˵˼ǽĿӦ
ͻȻڵ
ǲҪ˹غͻʴԭһķǣǳ׵ɥʧԴƵĽ
ǵĻ˶ǰһƵ۹еĴ󶼻󽫾û˱ˡдƵ溲˼˳ثԼ֮ǰķڣȡĶǱΪżֱԷĸأڶԷսҽءǳأԶöԷںâڱܡ
һ棬֥¶޷ȣ
˹غͻ۹ȻҪԸģڶвȴǣһط
ջָɨһۣ

Ļһȣһ˺Χв˹غͻʣʵ벻۹ʲôв
ѵ˵Щ𣿡
Ⱥĩβ±ƺͻȻ뵽ʲôŵ
Ȼǣƾǻʸ񡣡
ȻһЦҲûӣɳȡһɫСӣһ·Խˡʹ룬Զ󺣵λã
ĵ⣡
ʳ۹ôǣֻһ̶֥СĹңܶʲôв
ǰǿگȲѵܱ˹ػǿ󣿶ҰǱ߲ǻа͸֥ʲôܹвǣ
үǲָطˣʦЩʳҲһֶնգԲģЦƤ϶ѣ۾ƾǣʮҲ׽ǻܡôвǣ

ĺɫĲ䣬˶ǴΪȣ˭Ҳû뵽ָвȻʮǧĵط˻ǲǲ˵ط
ŷľû˵ֻǵһЦտʼִ˵ʱ˶ΪĿｨһҵĳǳأ׬ȡĽֻΪ˻˹غͻʺȻĿĴ˹ص۹ͻʺһҲòˡ
ʼգĵ˺ͶֶֻһǾңԶģǸӴĵ۹
ʳ
Ƭ½ΨһܺʹƷͥ񣬲һڻսеǿڡ
˵֪УڵĴʳ۹һ͸߾گСȴ֪ʵĴʳȴƻҪӴ˿ڱȴƻҪڶ࣬ͳڶСӵҺڳ̫ƽеĴƲͬʳһͺսĵ۹ǵʷһսŵʷ
ƶ֮Ĺһ˽̫ˣ𡱣ԭ˵˼ǾԸ࿴һۡǡԪҲǸԼܾõˣҶڴʳ˱ɱӣ˵ˡ
˻ע˹غͶͻʵʱȴû֪ǸީСѾ׼ƣǳɹʱ򽫳׵ĸıݵˣӴĵ۹Ӵֹ֮С
޷̵ġ
ҪģҪĵ۹̽צʱ򣬸ݺһܵԶ۹
ȸռ鱨ҿһ¡
忴ŷˣ
ǣү
һδ䣬ȸһϣ˹һŷַСƣһʶĽ˹
򿪿ɡ
嵭ûйĽ͡
ɻʶķֻǵһۣ˶ͫһԭ˲ϢʧӰ١ʱȥеĳ
ʳôܣǾȻӴȴƣ
ǧ˿ڣôôࣿǲֻһС𣿶ҾȻôսʿ
ôܣȻӴĹң
̫ǿˣǾȻλܹ˹ص۹ı˹ص۹ǿž¡ϵѹù

˶ȸݹ𺳵ˡһӡнȻͬĴʳеĴʳ˼ֱ޷Լ۾һɲ֪Ϊʲô˵вǴʳ۹ˡ
ڿģֻǳϣĴʳԶϼصĻҪǿ󡣡
忴˵ֻһ仰еʱʧӰ١˷׷׿塣
ȸ˵ɡ
岢ûм˵ȥǶԱߵȸ˸ɫ
ǣү
ȸһ񣬺ܿתͷˣ
ЩʼǺүһռģǸڴʳ̶꣬˽⡣ʳ˶˵ķأǺռȫϢЩѾ൱ˣΪ˻˺ü̽ӡʵĴʳ۹ֻ֪ǿ
⣬֮ǰһӺǰʳûԶҷųСɳͱʳ˷ǾӥȸСɳˣǻɳ׷ңҲѲ˻
ȸ˵ţ߾ֱۣϵӥСɳٵǰһɲ˿ֻӥϡͷϡ϶еצӡһЩطɼǡ
У
һɲǣ˲ĵһȸӥж˶Ǽʶģ򣬼ûʲôӥȸܹ֮ȣ˹غͻʻЩӥȸɱĶӣ˵ǵ֮ӥ
ǣھȻȸӥˣֱ˵֪


839 ָʳ
ѵʳô
Ԫһ𾪣
ĴʳǿĻҪǿ󣡡
ʱڿڵ
ڴʳһ࣬иطۼ˶ʮĴʳʿȫӦüʶ˹غͻʵսʳսǸӵĸߴ󡢽׳ҲӵľײսҲӵǿ󡣲ֹˣȻǿĴʳ˴󲿷ֶֺûʲôսĴʳˣΪԭ򣬴󲿷˶ĸߴ󣬹׳սʿһս£ʳʱԲѵټһ֧ӴľӣѸٵ䵽ʮȫ⻹ֻǴʳ۹Զһı۹ȫһȫԱʳټı󡣡
ﾲĵģ彲һ𺳲ѡǵһӴһʳ۹һɲǣÿ˶һǿҵΣС
о仰Ǹո˵ˣʼĴʳ۹ȷȷʵʵֻһީСȸ߾۹Ӵ֮ԺܷչôӴԽƣľǳսչôӴĵزǶʶâܵİ۱֪жʳһľţ˹صİ۱ӵǿеʿǴ߰СʼѵʼʱɱֻЩͣɱԵСſԴ֮СǾϿľѵʵսѪ͵гɳųΪľʿǸʱÿ˶ӵḻɱ¾ս顣
ڻ죬ÿ˵ⶼһϴ񡣶ҲǡǡĿģ׽˶ȷʶʳʵ̸մܴʳıһһεģƲٳܱˣҪ̧ͷȷĿ磬ӡ
ı䣬ͽ׽˿ʼ
δÿһ˶ִֻǰڹ۾һʵ磬ǽһȫȻͬĴơ
үʳÿ˵ôĻǻôǴǻսʤ𣿡
һͻȻڵԪԼҵĺүһ𺳡˵ĻȫıǸңԶȵӡ
ԪһûмһĴʳսʿҲ֪еսʤʲô˼ǣܹн죬ǽң߾گ˹أͻʺټЩҲ̸ʹ֮սܹһ֮ѹܱߵй˸׳ƳҲֻдƲʳǿҲԲʳҶ֮ģǽᵽ
ҵͻȻڵɫ࣬˵Ļ

ҵĻ¶һ˿Цݣ
ʳȷʵǿǴҲԲʳǵеԶԶȲǡǴƵĳ󣬸Ƕ£ʲôҲϵжôأͳͳסĴ͸۲󷨺սԼսԣʳԶԶȲϴƣû󷨵˵ֻм򵥵ĶУ˵Ǳ
һ仰岢û˿ĿƣıսߣʱڣƵĶԿսԼӴĹģ۶ģⷽǴʳ߱ġ
ⷬ˵˶ǰͷ񡣲ʳһֻǴҲʲô򣬶һֻʨǿҪȵ󶷹֪
үҪʲô
ʲôֻҪܹƣԸʳǰǵɽ𺣣ҲؽȫԸ
ҴߣԶү;ܷԸɣ

˷׷׼ǰÿ˶һġܳϻǲϣΪ˵ҫΣÿ˹ġ忴һĻ΢΢˵ͷοѡطʲôӣֻҪԼߵÿһ˶Լһģ־ɳǣôȥκ顣
һɽݶʳԺսǵ磬δʹ֮һսȻûа취ȷսʱ䣬ȴԴڿʼšǣ
˵תͷұߡ
ڣ
æͷ
ڿʼҪתƣӾѡľѧϰʳȻ󾡿͵ʳ۹ȥ⣬ʳ൱⣬ԲʹǺˣļˣ߹ӶˡҪЩˣѼʳ۹鱨
忪ڵ
ף
Ǻԥ
±򣡡
ڣ
±е
ˮ·䷽Ѿ죬Ҫ義ʦԾ䣬ҵ޽һ˵ˮ·֪ͨԾ䣬Ҫٶȣ޳һˮ·ͨ˺;ʦ֮ͨ

ǣ
±ܿ칪

ڣ
æе
δ󶼻Լ˳ݣ͢дһۡ͢Ԯ˵һεĴսʧء⣬͢˸֮Ϊ˱ת㡣˵ǿ泯ֵ͢һֵĺѹ
һѾ˼˺ܾãҪ֧Ԯǲģӳ͢ѾطñԴܹ֮Ϊһˮأôɹǲıʹӡ͢ǱҲ˿Էֵһֵĺѹᳯ͢
ǣף
Ӧ
⣬ʦȥţԪ
ǣ

һһϵķԸȥܿÿһ˶ԼĲ¡֮ǵԴбȫ˹ԼԶĴʳ۹˵ԭ˹еϢռĻôڣŴĳ򡢱Դӿ룬˹Լʳ۹鱨ռֱ
ˣ³Ҳأ
ȵһнͻȻ˺³Ҳ񣬿ʵ
ʱ򣬺³Ҳǰ󣬾ƨһΧԼΧʱ䣬Ѿܾûˡ
Ǻǣϴ㲻ǰͻĻӵ½ȫĵϡⲻΪ˸õ飬Ѿסᵽ֮ǵĵȥˡ
ʱǰЦ⣬üĿι˼ȣĿѣԵ忴סɲǵʧ񣬲ܿͷӦˡ
Σôȥ
̲סԺ³Ҳ˽⣬һǼȵߣ᷿һ˺öĻƤװεǽڣôԸȥΣȫķ
ʲô
ʲôΪǸĻӡ
仰Цøˣе̿ĸо
ΪȡǸĻӣıԼӡ󣬾Ȼʹһпƣ˺ݺݵĴԼһ٣ԼñˣȻӽ˵棬Ļһû⣬ӦڵλĻӲͣ߿ࡣ
һ䣬ڻ̲סЦ


840 ˮ
ʲô
һֱԼĶ䡣³Ҳľٶֱ˴۾嶼û뵽Ȼʹʽ
ʽ𣿡
³ҲļҿλĻԴӳģе֮սǰλĻӿǸǶǶܳһʱ䣬ں³ҲӡԲ̫ãûȥں³ҲͽҧһھͲˣ³ҲҪıԼӡ󣬼ǲ̫ܡ
ҪȻôÿأǿһ㶼֣³Ҳſڵϣһ۵ɫ࣬ͷһ߻Ǵøһ㡣ò˵ͻ̻ȷʵЩͻʵĻӺһ˼죬߶˵ʲôֻǼ򵥵ҵΪ˾ݺݵĴһ٣ͻĻӾȻˡ
Ц
Ŷһﻹ˹Ŀ࿴ΪػͻʴԭҲƴˡ
ЦҲȾһЦ⡣
ˣͽȥɣ

ͬʱңԶͻɽͻʺڣһŭء
ʲôǾȻ־ܾˣֲܵѵΪͻĻӦ𣿡
޴Ľɫɳ޿ɺȥһͷŭʨһɽв
ɺѾʹˣǶԷҧʮƥͻսɿڡ˵ǲӦͰĻӵʬɽ
һڵϣսսͷҪ˫֮ˣ̧ͷһ۶ҡ
ˣǾǰĻӵʬɣǣʮƥͻսǾԲܵģ
ɳ޿ɺŭǱŭͬһһ㣬ɽϿӹˣ²ѡǳڵϣ˵ˡ
ȥ
ɳ޿ɺ˫Ŀһŭ
ǣ
ﻹҶ˵תߡȻǳոߵӪʵĳڣ䣬𶯣һεĺɫĻǽͻȻסʡͻʳ򴥲һײںɫǽϣһ򣬲ˤڵϡ
μˣ
ȻͻȻһĻ֮ͻʳ򲻵ûվͶأڵϣͷ­øˣҲѡԭŭѵɳ޿ɺɫǽĻֵɲǣҲȻһɫ˲١
Ӫﾲĵġ
ˮ
ɳ޿ɺһӪ⣬ͻȻڽе
ɺϢŭĻӵ黹ӳ飬¡
ʳڴӰ任һɳƲϵһң͵ӰۼأһɫùȣӪ⻺˽һɲӪڰӰӰΪģӰޱȣͬᶣǵӰڷӵźХ
ֹˣںӰֵɲǣɫڣζͻȻùֵֹģŨޱȣЩЩ񻢱ָ֮оͺһȺӿ档
ͻʺָܸоҿĴɳ޿ɺӪʵģֻһĴڣ˾
û֪˾ôģֻ֪ͻ嵮ʼ˾Ѿͻʴԭʷ֮Уӵмߵĵλ˵У˾ԹͨеĶԼϵ֪ȥͬʱҲܿδϣأܡ
е˾ӵһصģóȥ͵书ȴ书ӵĿأԭϵ˳֮Ϊ
Ĵ˵УһǧǰǿĺͳʱڣǿɨĮͲԭŴνͻʵľˡͻʴԭϣʱʬأѪɺӣͻʴ۹ǿҲʢʱͬΪǿӲǧһۣĴս֮Ѹٵ˥䣬ޱȡ
ڴԭǴδйġ
һΣĺɳһ֧ǿͻʣ׼׵Ľͻʣ󻼣ʱԭսս̻̲գ˶оҪͷˡǸʱͻʴԭϣǿ˾쵼ԭе˾ϵıؾ·ʩչλǿľ˲أ񲡴Һʿ֡
Ȼ˾ʧأֻʣȼˣҲɹ߽ɳʷǿӣ˱ͻ壬ˣеͻʿɺǶ˾Ƕ൱𾴣У𾴵ģǵλһ֧
ˮλΰ䴫ķ֧
ʮƥսȻ󣬵ĻӵļֵȴʮƥսԱģϵͻʺ˺δһɺ㿴ͣӦ֪
ˮŹȣһһ٣˹
ͻʺûʮƥͻսһܴɵ񣡡
Ͷ֣ɳ޿ɺȻ˺ܶ࣬Ǻܿ죬ֱ÷ŭͻʺųϵ壬ʲô࣬սࡣҲҪʲôͨսҪж٣Ҳ֮࣬ͬʱҲϡٵĶսͻʺ¶ûô࣬ҲܸһˣʵУ
ˣͻʺʹƵ۹ڻڵжԺͽս״̬ǾܴӦġ
ʮƥͻսȻܣǸ֮Ǳȴ̸ܲĻҲܲȻʮƥսҲǶԷʹõһСֶζѣҪ̧Ľ׼۸ˡĲ̸УĻӿѾˣֺαεľܾɺΪͻʺδɺҪ侲
ˮ촽䶯һһһʼղͣӿĺͬɴһ˿ʵݡ
ɳ޿ɺɫһʱ˵
ɳ޿ɺ谮ĻӲûԭģԭӵо޴Σҿ±ʷϵκһζҪֲȸֲֿܵģǲԭϵ˾ǿ֪ȥδİءһ㣬ȥѾε֤ǿ
ԭһ𣬶һԲ̫ã
ɳ޿ɺС˵͡
ԭϣ֪ܵ޼ɳ޿ɺΪ֪ܡʱΪ֮һֱĻӵһ̡ͻʴԭϣĴڹϵ˵δʱͻԼʹͻӳǳµѡ˾ǶӵԤӡɳ޿ɺԺ
ҲΪʲôĻô谮ԭ򣬾˵ģļֵ޿ɹġ
ѵľҪ˱һʮ꣬δɵСвɣ
ɳ޿ɺĲʵΪԭϺպľɳ޿ɺ쳹ݵЩ󶼻󽫾ҲҪɵ֡ȴһ֮ʮҪۣвɳͻʿɺݣôܵˡ


841 ĺ³Ҳ
ɺһ̰ɣȻʮƥսǴ𲻴ӦǻǼʮƥսʱ鲻١
ˮ
ڼ˾ķϣ£һΣ
ɳ޿ɺķŭȴֲܲ¡
ţȵɳʹߣʵڲϷ֣ɺʱٲȡжҲ١
ˮ˵ͷ
ɳ޿ɺŭһȴû˵ʲô
⣬һ飬ϣɺףҴɡ
ˮ
Ŷʲô£
ɳ޿ɺЩΪˮΪĻӵ飬ڿˡ
˸֮ǣǸ²Ļӵ꣬ҪɺɳʹߵʱϣܹߵһһС
һ仰ˮƮ첻⡣
ɳ޿ɺһ𣬶ȻʲôŽߵĺˮ̲ס¶˾ȵɫ

ӴӴˣ
֮ǵĵη³ҲĽл쳹¼Ρſڵϣŵġ˶ıƤЩط¶˰׹ǣĿġ
³ҲҴˡû뵽ǾȻģһܹȥһļҲ㡣
ηһεͻĻں³ҲԱߣЩ۵˺ۣǲ̡
²ܹΪ³ҵҡҾͲţ֮Щ쵰壬ĸҰҴģҺ³ҲƴҲһȳȥġ
³Ҳҧֻ˵˼ʹ˿ڣ̲ס۵İӴӴ
һĻĻԽˡ
壬Щɱǧģ壬һŹǵģĻӣҪǸҶһëҺ³ҲҲŹǣ
³Ҳ˻ߣη
³Ҳ㲻ҪˣĻġ
ĻǸжǲ̣
ϵƣĲܵˡһҪ㣬һ̣ͷϸҪܹ뿪ʱȥҸʣҳǱ˶á
ĻӲ֪ʱ˿ηĳһȺ˿Цˡ
ǿɺǲҵġ
³Ҳ
ûϵȥͻˡ
Ļӳһ£ҧҧڴδһĴҵĺɫǵƣ˹ȥ
ҵĻƣֻҪȥҸʣһġ
⡭·ģҪл뿪һȥģҺ³Ҳ˵ҲҪõ°ȫ
³ҲһҧͻĻнӹöǵơ
ϣ
ҲʱͻȻһײ
³Ҳ֪ôͻʷүķ㣬ȴǵúĻӽһٸһλᣬںүǰԲѷͺĻһɣ
һŴ򿪣ȫװĸ֮սʿ˽ֻƳһۣңĺ³ҲתߣѸٵʧη⣬ź¡һعϡ
³Ҳ񣬲ҪңϽǵͷϴȱסԼҪҪٸˡ
ԶԶģͻĻſηſڣ̺͵ĵ

³ҲģҿĻᶼҪˡ
ҪңϽǵͷϴǿĻ˵仰ʱû
³Ҳ˵Ļ֪࣬ǰƤ㲻ɡ

ȳĻӼεķΧһȺ̲סЦ³Ҳ¼еͺǳϤˣЦʱҲ޹˼ɡ
ٺ٣ʲôСǾӣ޶ɷⲻ˵ֻҪܹûҵЩҲСʲôҵȵλĻӻȥʱһԻڴҺȾƣʲô
³Ҳһнӹ˿ۣű۴ϣһΪ
³ҲǸ޳Сˡ
Ц
лл佱
³ҲЦ
ˣү
ڳأҪȥү𣿡
һЦĺ³Ҳļ
ǵãҰתүͿˡ
³ҲһЦӻȡһŵ˹ȥڻĿУ³Ҳһ߳¼ΣûаƽصԼסҲûǰĸۡһȦһԹ÷£һƥϺõͻսܿ촩ţɶȥ
ү³ҲոһƥͻȻӸ֮뿪ˣ
뿪֮󲻾ãһҴҵĳĸ֮ۡС֮ڻûȫ⿪ţκ˵Ľ̲顣
Ŷ
һ̴ǰ仰üͷ΢΢Щ⡣
³Ҳ뿪֮ǰһţصתү
Ƭ֮һ֮ǵĻ˽
ԣ΢漴ܿʲô
ɣ
֣𿪺³Ҳŷ⣬ֻǿһۣЦһɫ
֪ˡȥɣԺͲعˡ
ǣү
˺ܿӦ˳ȥ
³Ҳ񣬽Ϳıˡ
תͷһ۴⣬ЦЦֻһգۣеЦȥܿùһ鱨һȴǹ˹ģǹġ

գ
սڣ̳ͻʴԭϣһ΢΢˶ͻս˳һֱȥ֪˶ãڣһ޴ɽͣͬѹǣǰ
ڵˣ
ǰ޴ɽɽϳɰǧصͻʾȺ³Ҳ϶ʱ¶һ˿ϲõЦݡܲܶɽԻͣͿıˡ
ٺٺ٣ͥʣˣ
³Ҳ۷Ź⣬͵һɽ۶ȥ
ʲôˣվס
Ҫ֣ԼˣпɺĻӵϢа취ԾĻӳҽȥ
³Ҳһ·߽Уһ·ɽֱͻʿɺɳ޵֮С

٣


ʱ仺ȥһж˳аͰĽС֮УһĲŵδ쳹ءصѵϣǧ飬任һͣʱʱɢʹָѼһɱֱη
Ѿˣ
͸ӿһУĵ˵ͷʼ֮ǵʱ˻ΧѵΧԹۣѵΧѾټûٸҿˡ
ڵѾԽԽǿҲԽԽֳ֧ݺ޵Уھµǿӡ
ҵսԸȥʿ׼
ͻȻڵ
ǣү
һܿӦȥ
Ƭ֮󣬺¡¡̳𶯣ǧҵĴ£ƺƵţ˵ע£һ·ȥӳ͢Ҳȥһʱˣ¾߱ڿڳԸ


842 
գ
뿪֮ǵͬʱԶԶأһɫֻʣæתͷķȥ
ˣ촫˵Ǹˣ
һһߴС
ণĴһֻӥѸڿն𣬼Хţķ򼲷ɶȥһ·ؿռ䣬˫һգĴ֮С
ʲôǸˣ
ӥϢһʯ׹£һȻ󲨡
쵰˴󶼻ȻĸΪ𣿡
ټеֵܣȫҵҪô졣
󶼻㳯͢ôûֵܵͷƨǣ
߻ʵԶ͢ΣҵҪʲôֶΡȥ

Ⱥ鼤ߣ嵽Ϣͱһеĺ˽һըˡֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ӰӴг˳ȥһ̣ĺ˴֮ĺʿǧ򣬴Ӹӵ㼯ķ
ণ
һֻֻӥųľǰδеĶһƬš
үӥ
ͨĵ·ϣȸ̧ͷԶճֵļڵ㣬ͻȻڵһ仰ʱ˵ע⡣
үҪ𣿡
ˡ
̧ͷһۣȻһЦ˰֣
ȥɣǿҲãǵ׼ʱ䣬һԽ
ƽƽȴһּšôãҲýˡ
ȥо
ǣ

¡¡̳ʮɸߣǧǰ룬һˡһߣǰеĺȫۼһһУһУųƣɽ˺ڶĴǰĬϢޱȡ
жԶ
ʮ
ãѶ׼ãݴ֪ôҹǾɲˡ
ǣ
һһηɣϵļӶȥ

үǰ·Ϸִ
ҲƬ֮һ˵ĳǰӶһڵϡ
Ŷ
彣üһԶԶһֻۣ⣬һĳҵǾ׮飬ǧƣǰͨ·ϡĿһۿ˾ǰٵ࣬һһ׮ӣ滹ŤŤд˼ִĺ֣
ڻͷ
ǰ
˸֣ȴ͸¶һǿҵɱ
֡ó󣡡
ȻһЦܿعͷ
һ֧ӣŤɨɾ
ǣү
һܿӦȥ
󶼻λôһеķȱǳսλãЩѱĺ˽ʿһͷ۵⡣廹ûΣʮЩ˾Ѿʼھ̬ѾԶ
һˣǻһˣΣ»ľ޲ߣǵóѣֱˡϧԼʲôöԸô򷢵Ҳû׼óֶΣȥԸЩԹ
¡¡һֻӺܿ˳սڣֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ڹٵ̳ʱ䣬еľͱһɨգֱڳһ
սݿӶǳе¡ر֮սֱ޼ֱӶϾʱɽĵ·Ϊһ֧һͳ˧岻ò
ȫֵܳģַʽӦԲˣҲΪµһˡ
ڽ֮Уһֱһ֧רŵӡ
ųϣһ·ݿӣ޼ֶβȫѸڵ˵ЩвֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Ѿͻĵط
һΣûκεĻ壬ڿĹٵϣһĺʿӥĿǣִ񣬺بǧǰƺȴ˺ܾá
壬˱Ҫ󣡡
壬ʿɫȻתͷȵ
ڻͷüߣǾͲҪǲˣ
ͣʿ˵ţгһᣬȻ˵ĿУꪼڵ»һֱߣٵһֶΪһԵĽߡ
󵨣
үҲԽе𣿡
һĻ˵ĲȻŭƵε󶼻ҵˣƽֱֻ֣һССʿȻֱֱ֣޼ɵ֮
Ȼûȵ˳֣ϣս˻Ѫһʯ䣬ֻһͻȻʿ㵣ûӦһ£޴ͬµսԼأһʿ
ྡྷЪ˺ʳһʮɵĳѷ꣡
·ϣԺүⲣ
ҵĿݣǱͬ㣬¡¡쳹أ֮ԶԶһȻɫصĹâУҵᵶ׳˶صӰͬһɽͰΰӡ˵С
쵰
һɲǣǰ˵ɫѿѡ
ǰ
嵭ȻһЦ£ǰЩҪְ취ԸȫҴˣΪͿֹǼֱǳ˵Ρ
ǰһûκεĶ֣Ƭ֮ڿΡȻǰãã纣Ƶĺ˴
Ƶĺ˴ִ񣬷ֳһһУͬһ޴Ĺְ㣬ب˴Ĵ֮䡣žȴһεɱ𣬳ǧĺ˽ʿɢǿϢĿ˷˹޲ýǡ
һɲǣսͻȻɱޱȣǧ˱Ҳͣ˽Ų
쵰Щһʲô
һĻ˷׷ױɫӹһĨŭɫǳ͢󶼻ʥ׷ģЩ˾ȻҾۼ壬Ѿ൱ڷҵıˡ
дѵ췴
ӹһĨŭɫ͵һսǰ̶ȥ
һ¡
ʱһһסǣ
ȿʲô
ɫȻ˿Ϊ⡣һĻڳ֮ǰѾԤϵˣģұĺһûʲôøУνܹ˳Σ֡
簡Ȥ
սǰãã纣ĺ˴¶һ˿Ц
δӸ֮ǳûȥЩ˴жˣҲãҲõã
壡
ͻȻ֮䣬һһ񡢺źеĲӴ󷽴
ôĵӣǴ󶼻ȻǰΪǲɱҸһᣬ˻ȥü
ӲǰããĴˮ˷ֿʮ˽ḲףϵļƬУɱڣ󲽶Ⱥ佫ǰ棬һߴ彡˶ĺ˽죬Ŀ׺ݣӥǹˣ޾ҰģƵĺ˱ϢΪһ壬γеĸߴޱȡ
Ƕ
еĺ佫֮ףҲ󶼻ϰ


843 ǿѹ
֮侲ĵģ˴ǧȫȻ֮շԽĽҵǡԪŭɫʱ˭Ҳûг
˵Ŀ⣬׷׿һһ˵ϡ
Ƕ
ջһͻȻǰ帧һ΢ЦĴӴвĿʮ⣬еһȺ佫ĿȤζ
ΥΥʥӦ֪ʲôɢ±ģҿһĻɱޣ뷣
쵰

СӣΪ˭ﻹɲ˵

Ƕû˵ĺ˽׷ŭ
ǶһĻɵһЦʱ䣬Ѿȫûʥʵּ⣬󶼻λãҲһûá
ˣ
Ƕһֱֹۣˡ΢΢̧ͷ۾ϵ壺
Сӣ̫ˣû󶼻λãͿʼʩ㣬ֻ̣һ˲˵áڹȥǷˡ˱Ҳ˴档˭һȷǸˣ㣡˳͢ʥּҲһûã
֣Ƕһơ
𣡡
ɲǼ䣬ŹǶƣȣһ춯صŭһɲǣǧɽɾض⾪ŭ˲ˣһĻǡԪȸ˲ɷ׷ױɫ
ֻһŭĺ˱Ѿһ顣ƾһĻҪ󶼻λþϼѡ
ǶЩʿĿĻҪ
үҪ𣿡
ֻҵĿ⿴ǰʼûκεı顣

ЦЦֹҵܹǶʲô⣬¶һֶԼ˵ûκε塣ҲĿһת˹Ƕĺ˽죺
Ƕͼı췴޿ˡأҲҪһ𣿡
ˣ
ĿһɨǶԣں˽춼һϡ˵ӰȻ忴ᣬպգ졣رȱһۣƵ˹شսçִ֧󽫶Ķӣһâܡ
֮ҶǽƵ۷塣
ҲûʲôȻ˵Ų£ʵǼɵءǰĹǶ˵üᶨ
СӣҪ䣬ʲôʱ췴ˣ
Ȱ㻹ǸϽ뿪󶼻λãûô
ҿͼı췴ٲ뿪ˣ

һȺŭ壬á
Ļˣ
ǶŶ棬
֣㻹˱Ҿ̷ʱԸ
Ǻˣȵ˲أε󶼻Ҫ⣬岻֣ЩҪ˲ءֻǲ֣һս䶨ˡ
ֻҪûܻЩ˽ĳϣܳ͢˭ûһôҲǹǶ̡
һ
Ƕһָһĵ⡣



ǶһһָһԶӡΣΣֻǶ˵㡣
ô鷳
建ǰЦЦ
ھͿԻش㣬ǶѾˣ
һ֣ͬһ˶𣬹ǶһϣʱɫȻģķӦӿʼڣһֱһ˿Цݣһ̣ɫͻȻޱȣͬʱֻ֣˵עĿУͻȻ̧Ȼݺݻ¡

Ǳ˶һ̣ϣս˻ǧȻϢͻȻһ籩ľơһɲǣʯ쾪ѣ
쵰Ȼĸң
ǶɫһƬ԰ףԺֻʣһͷΪҺ˲أֻδ󶼻϶ϾҪְΪһ㣬ǶŸ޼ɵĺͳ͢Կ
û뵽ȻҪ޼ɵǶûУ´˽
һʧȥ̣ǶĸܺûκεĲǾĻźͲ
˵ڵģ
ʯ䣬ǶԺͷ漴Ψһܷ

¡ս˻Х쳹أһꪷ׷׶׼˶ǣ򣬼ȴƽµĶ֣ϣһѤõĹ⻷ǰ˵һ±漴Ӷս⻷һһ飬Ծ˵ٶȴǧ±
壡
ƿըѣͻŸոյеıǧѾʮɵľ롣
ÿ죡
һĻǶһȺĺ˽죬һƬҡ֪֮ǵǳǾеľ񡣵ȱһۣǸҲȫûϵϾȻ˿µӷ棬һ붼Ҫ
ٶȻʱǧٶȾѾ˼㡣һѤöĿս⻷£Щʵǿͬһ㡣
¡
һɲǣʱ䶼·ֹˣֻһ춯صľ죬ǧͬһ⵶㣬ݺݵĲĴУϣһʿ˴ͷ·ֽƬһ㣬׷ױݺײ׵С
ȻҲһ֮У
쵰ɱɱǣ
Ƕܻ쳹ݶҪҧˡǧ̫Ҳ̫ˣ͢鷨ͣƺԼЩ쵰ֱԼҪ衣
ɱɣɱԽԽãӣҪճ
Ƕԣĺ佫Ҳˣһϵطȥǧ˷ɱȻЩȴȫ赲סǧĲ¡¡ﳤֱ룬ݿֻ࣬һͽǶټĴоȫݿ塣
սУǶûע⵽˻ͬոĵһ㣬ϵ£Щ˴󲿷ֶˣ˷ǳޡ
ϸȥͻ֣ᷢһ㵭ĹâޣΧӴ󣬽еﶼڡЩ˵Ǳײɵģ˵ǱĹâײɵġ
ڽ
ĩʮзǿ󷨣ҲΪǶ׼ġʮУ󷨵ʮʮҪߵĶ࣬ȻҪɹѶȺܴ󣬶Һʱ־ã⻹ҪһЩϡǶ˵ҪԸǶۼЩѾòߵڽĵزֻҪﵽǳһ㣬ʵҪƽһѣѾ´ˡ


844 Ƕ
飬ĵꪴ˷Ҫôϵİ׹ⵯҪôЩֱԳһ죬ѶԷһѺݺݵ赹ڵϡ
ϹܳĻǲ࣬ûС
¡
һ춯صľ죬𺳵ĿУĸǶټǰųһĺ˴˲䴩ЩﶼǷϸķѵģҶս
ųɵĴڹǶ佫ǿͭǽڣԸ´ࡣ
˭Ҳû뵽ǧǰȻֽһ˲ͱƣһ־Եʵǧﳹѹ
ϣ
ս˻ǰ޴£ʱһƬҡ

ÿЩСӳˣ
ô飬̫ˣÿ

ǧԾԵʤ̬鵽壬һǰδеľ޴𺳡һüţΪشݺ޵еĺ˴Եĳ
ɽ
ֻһγ棬һθɾ䴩˹Ƕټĺоĺ˴ʱɾ

һĻǶ۾ˡ
Ҫ£ɱǣһӵϣȥɵǡ
Ƕ˹﷢һ˶ˡսǿľǾеĺˣ˹ˣҲͻˣһ֧ĸ֮ʦս֮ʦ
Ƕһֻʦ׵ʧܡ
ڴҪͼ£ҪƾԼϵƣ׵ĻȻҲʱ͸ǧҵǶһ󼱴ٵ
һǿϢ·ӿĺ˰㣬شԼķ׵ģһǿҵΣͻȻȫ
Ƕһû˿ԥוּһѸٵİγϵĳȻǶķӦˣνɲǣ䣬˸һͷ޴Ѫ챦ڿնһɽͰӰһһһ˶ߵľ޴󳤽ն¡
һɲǣյⶼסˡеľ޴󳤽λΣ·ȼյһ㣬ɽѣױȵŹǶն
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ʯ䣬Ƕֻüȫ㼯еĳ֮УȻ߾٣ֵȥȻһб㾲ֹսϵ˺ɱСࡣ
ʱշ·ֹĿ˷׷׾ۼ˹߾㵣ãиš
ֻսģͨҵŸߴĺѪɫо޴ȸֽбָ£¹ķѾǶ˫ָ߾٣Ǳıһ
ﬣ
ֻһ죬ѿģǹǶǰǧıһѪߴĶͷбͬһε˿һһһΪǶԲ۾۵ĲţȻһԶͷĵѪΪģֳ룬һһصĵڵϡ
¡̳ڹǶµͬʱһӵ³ڹǶĵһɳѷ졣
ҵµĽֱʱſʼ
ҾХߣⲣ
ҵϣбָǶĲкɢһıɱ쳹Ͽա
䣡
˵ʼǧ棬䴩оڹǶάϵģвֺ˲Ϸ׺ƴɱĻôΪĹǶµһ̣кҲ֮ˡ
Ͷ
ʱϷ죬Ĳ˿ĸ顣

һ׷׷±սսĹڵϡʼһǳƬƬãã纣ĹȥǶЩ֮ǵǿһֲѼɵеĸĸо
Ǹʲôѵ˴󶼻˭𣿡
쵰Ǻˣ

һĻһ佫ŭӣŭȻֻ佫˲䱻ᴩ塣
ҳӣ๼
Ʋ̤һ佫ʬϣһģĳƲ˴壬˼⣬ԶûôӣЩ˵·ϣƲͿǲ˳ˣҪûЩһͻڡ
쵰壬ˣҾͲţҰЩȫɱ⣡
һ佫ŭȻû˵꣬һǹ͹ᴩʺεضڵϡһֱԲ۾붼û룬ȻͰǸɱˡ
쵰Ͳ³͢׷𡭡
Ժͷ
⼸һһȺ佫˲ްɢܣû˺Կľġ
һֱһ̣ǲŷԼ͹ֶ꣬ȺֹѪе̣׼ЩֶΣһöûС
ǰһ
һǰǹһ˿Цݡ߲ͣûκηŭζЩ˽ĶУȴͬһ£Щɢܵĺ˽죬һϵѪɫ˲ʵøɸɾҰޱȡ
ǰտյû赲ǣ˾϶˶һŲ벽һ־޴Ŀ־壬ͬһϯеһ˿׵Ļɢ
ҾХ䣬Կ͢ģǺе׺ݡ⺷֮Щиη壬ֶξȻĿ־ˡ֮ǵȻһʮףУ˿ȴɲĶħɡ
ѪֶΣ׻ǵľġ
գ
ǻսƺ̤ĿһеĺﶼͷĿ־壬ҿ˵֮ǰǻ֪Ǹʲô˵Ļôһ̣ѾԼߴģսʤ
£
սͥŲ㴩սĿɨսֻ˵֣ԵһѾӳһξĺ˽һ壬붼û룬͹ڵϣһҶ
ЩΪ׵ĺ˽£ⳡڶ˽췢ңҲ֮
ҵ飬
徭ҵԣͣ½Ų
ǣү
ҵͷϢԵǿᣬЩ˽졣ҵ飬Ͷ֮ǰѾڱͥкܷḻľ顣ȻϵУǾϵ齻û⡣
˵ͷǰȥ
һսûг֣սѾƽǾԵﵽһܶѾԳˣҵƲ졢ǾѾԳ׵ƽˡ


845 һ
һ࣬ҵõʼоӵࡣ٣ǰڣͨ󽫾ҵҵְأһˡǧװݵﵯѹк˽ʿҶ
ǣһ£Щ˴
廷һȦս
ǣү
ӦһɶȥڴǺǰѺֻ֣Ƭ֮Ǿȥɱ
ˣܹս佫4ս150ˡǧ߰ˣ
˵ǵٻС˺ܶࡣ
һսȻɹĻĺѾҽշһսĴδ̫ˡ˰ǧ߰ٶˡ͵͵һۣЩģϢ͢»ǳ
ϾܹŲ
Ųһʮˣǣ׼һۣϱ͢ɣ
ϣǵĻ嵹һɣһ벻⡣֪ʲôƳһ۵һЦ
İɣµģ㰴˵ˣ
ңھϵӴܶࡣһսȻĺ˴˺ܶ࣬ǧ߰ٶˣּ侪ˣʵϣ͢עֻһʮ˶ѡ
ǰǧ߰ٶ˸⣡
ھ˺ȫͬĸ˵˹һʱָֻǲḴġֻܹһʮ˾ƽһҾ֣Ųǳ͢ʥ޻˵
Ҳһʼͼƻõġ
˸
һֱۣµ˴սǰȥսѾȫ񶼷ǰӴĽϡ
ڿˡ
ǰĽʵкüǰڷĴڣûйڿһξǶԸҶһͬû
ϸǰȻʮɶߣͨͭԼ죬ΡȻ׳ֲʧءעĻ棬ĵǹꪣԼսĺۼ
ϣܹоõһʱˢ֮µʷۼ
ڲŽģϸ׷ʼ̫ڻʵʱڣкܳʱ䡣ҲԶζ֮ǰһһĶÿ˶Լӡǡ
ʱ֮ӭԼλ˴󶼻
ȥһĻᣬū͡Ůۣȫһ飬ͳͳߣ⡭
˵˴ͻȻһ٣¶һ˿Цݡ
٣ˡ
˵仰ǣ˴֮Сĵȫɽ죬̤һƬ䣬ĸоУȴָĲͬԴ廹ǵһ̤
ܹоõÿһ綼ӡȨĺۼ
ߵе⣬ԼͨʺҪȫ֮С
һ廹ǵһ̤ôߵȨ۷塣
գգգ
ĽŲݣڴеĽŲصĽţڿ˴УȨ۵ı
䣡
Ƭ֮󣬾˵ĿעУһؼף̤˴ϷȻתصŴ˴Ȩıϣ¡µһ̣ĴضΪ֮
ûжʶڣеȨ֣ɲǣ֮ı䡣ʷһ̿ʼͨһȻͬĵ·
ڳɹˣڿʼƣػ
ڸ߸ߵ󶼻ϣ˫ŷ֣űʷǿȨԺһ¡¡
󶼻Ȩλã
һֻ̣֪ӵ˸ı۹
޵֣


峹סľ棬֮һֻŸɹǳء
壬Ȼûп㣬벻Ȼôƽ
Ŵż㣬Цοѡ
飬ټ嵣󶼻Լ֪ʱ˶ôѹ͢ʥʣ䣬еĿⶼϡĳɰֹܲϵԼͬʱϵԶھʦ
һټˣ岻ܹľ棬ôڳеŽܴʥԺҲôˡ
û뵽͢䷢ȥûãѾɴĽвءңֻһʮʿۼԺԲơ
£ǺѾ׳ɳ¿ˡ⺢ӣȻûй¶һƬģ
ϹܼһԹ
Ҳǿһ·ɳģ˭뵽ǸԸСҪľʦ꣬ѾԶһ棬˵۹صȨ׵ȡ˷졣һ̣Ϲܼжоοޱȡ
һһŸ壬ľӪʲôȫԸңһھȫӦˣҼǵò֮ǰиۣҪѸ֮Ϊת˵е㣬Ҫʸʥʡ⣬ĴսӦȹӦıԴ

ǣ£

ʱȥնɱǶ֮˳󶼻λãеķȫѹ⣬вμӷѵĺҲȫҵıϣһж̤졣
Ĵһž޴˹Ϊĵɳ̣ڷɳϣһ֧֧ɫС졣վԱߣһ֧ɫСӣ¶˼ɫ
үĺ˻ǲ
һͻȻһַŨܵü䣬͸һ˿ǣ
Ȼ֮ǰѾ׵Ļĺ˴նɱ˹ǶҲǽ¸ı࣬ǣЩȻòĲЩҹѾܶɧˡȻЩŹСΧݵС£µģЩ˲ãǵ˽Ҫͷսϣ»Ұ
ذҰҲ𣿡
ͷҲûأĿɹעǰɳ̡
ذҰǳս֮ϵģ˲ͬǼʶȱһ۵ģҲ֪ǧжôֲսǶټ佫췴ʱ򣬺ذҰҲΨһû뵽еĺ˸߼졣
˲ͬذҰϵ֮󣬵һʱ˶ĳԼԳ͢ءټ֪λ˹ظԭϵͳ죬͹ǶȫȻͬͣڴĿɿһԽı֮ĺ˴ͳȨ˺ذҰ
ذҰǺˣټھ£ЩѵĺõĴʽ


846 
ذνȷʵ£൱һֵĺʿ˽ԹޣĺʿҲв١
ǵ
Ǻǣ
һЦеĺɫСĲ˹ԵĿҰϣȻعͷǣ
Ϊ˷ɡ
ǣ
ǵͷϸÅȡ˵൱ϸе֢ᶼϣ߸׼ȷ˵ǷϡӪ꣬죬ĸֲкʿС
ǶΪˣЩʿɧͬΪˣⲻǵһذҰͿԽġʵ֮ǰ˵Լ˵˳
ǣ̫ˡֻһЩССɧҶѣǻûô͡⣬ЩԹ޵ĺʿѾǵĴð취
嵭һƵᡣ

̧ͷ̲ס͸һ˿ȡѾܾãȴʼ벻İ취ЩɱҲǣɱҲǣֱںû뵽Ȼһа취
ȥĸͥ󶼻˼˳һǽ⡣
˵ţĿɿڴУӻȡһ׼õżݹȥ
ˡ
ĿͣһãȻȫ仰ʲô˼ñͥ󶼻˼˳ǽ⣬ЩԹ޵ĺ˽죬Ҳδ̫쿪˰ɡ
˼˳ĻԸ𣿡
һĲҪûǴĻλͥĴ󶼻֮ŲС϶ھʦʱ廹ͻʱ򣬱ͥһλҲǼķߡ
ʱ뵽Լʵǳǵ󷶳롣
Ͳùˣͥ󶼻ǰйôĹڣ飬һӦġ
嵭ʮ㡣
ǣү
ȻͷˮǻӦȥ

⣡
֮һֻɫӥǷױţԽزԭ˳ͻʺʹƽĵشһ·˴ƱԺյȨģͥ
ڹޱߵĴϣһɫȻﴣţһĸڡӪկ¥һȦɸߵĳǽԼһ޴ĽɵսЩڡӪկ¥֮䣬ǧĺڼױͥսʿ
ЩһͦͺڴһϢӴĿʱ̾ĴΧͺʱҪսһ
Ƶ۹ԱͥսʿΪ裬ΪҪʱٲ֪ʲôͻʴ

һӿֻɫӥţܿһ谵ĴСϣһʮˣ㣬һصıף߾ӱһɫƤȫĹġ
ֻɫӥңʱݸҲƺȫе
ͥǱ֮أսƵͥΪսģӦǳɱϢıͥȴΪ˵ĴڣһŨģ͵ϢΪ˵ĳϸۡȻʵǿຮԭ
ϣ
谵ĴкһһӰǰϵĳʣĽ⾫׼Ľס˿зµĺɫӥ
ţ
һ̵ıͥͽӥֻһۣƤһɫ˵Ĺ졣΢һ˼ͥͽýֻɫӥߵĶǰȻ󹧹
ˣˡ²Ҳ𡣡
ıͥͽͷѹĵ͵͵ģ۾Žż⣬ĵ𾴵ģҲֻд󶼻˼˳ˡ
ôҲˣΪͥĸ㲻ܲ𣿡
˼˳ȻһЦͷҲû̧ƺֻʣе
ˣȷʵҲΪҵӡǡ
ıͥͷٴε
Ŷ
˼˳ֻһЦû⣬˳ַһҳǺܿ죬˼˳о˵ʲôһ˫ŨüĿҲ뿪̧

ǣ
ı֪ͥѾӦ⼸£Ƶ۹һ𣬼ʮ겻Ȩֽһξ޴ĻѪһλӵڶĴ󳼸ŵùһλ󶼻ʥʵŭеĴ󶼻󽫾սսֻһѡ
ǰķ죬Ҫʴ󶼻ֱӾͿԴҲǰ˼˳ȵ۹Ĵ󶼻󽫾Ƕ֪ƬѾһµˣķʽļң籩һ㣬Ұһλĵ۹󽫵ĵ¡
ڵλ󶼻д󶼻󽫾ϵ¹Σһһǣ˵Ŀ⣬˭Ҳû뵽κĵһţȻǼĸ˱ͥ
ҪûǴĻ󶼻ɲҪõѡ
ҿ
˼˳ڷºɫƤһ˿ɻɫͬĲ⣬ȫûκεӸнӹֻӥ°µż㣬ֻǿһۣ˼˳üͷչͻȻЦ
Ȥ̫Ȥˣ벻λƵ¹εĵһ쾹Ȼҡ

ıͥһȻЩ⣺
󣿴˲ڿЦɣ
Ǵλδ󶼻ĹһĴ·ⶼһλǿӲǿӲҲᱻˣλԸζǻ˵𣬸οԼ˻йڡ
Լ޵У⻹δŵ顣
Ҳˣȥɡ
˼˳ָһǷżһ磬˵ıͥСһżϵݣĿɿڴ
벻ôƽǶȻ붼ûɱˣһǰսһʿ
˵̫ˣһλѹû˼
˼˳˵ָףλϻվ
ҲǺǴƺԶһӦ
˵󣬰˼˳ЦЦȷʵǳȤ˵ûյšһ˰£ȴ˵̬ȶûУб
СҲδ̫Ը˰ɣƾʲôһӦʱҲ̫ˣˣҪֱӻؾӣѵ
΢΢۾
λͥɲʲôܻӭ˻ôֱӻؾ
ؾ
˼˳¶һ˿˼⣬΢Цҡҡͷ
ΪʲôҪؾ
ҪӦ
ĸվڴУ˶סˣһĲ˼顣شɾԲԤ֮Сһ̣ͻʵɳ޿ɺǰڸȣ
Сӿǵĵˣ
òϣ󶼻Ļش˾޴ĺûһֱǸӳֵж̬ȵĴ󶼻ȻᷴԷ


847 󽫵Ĺ
𣿡
˼˳ȻһЦӱɫݣֹһ˳ᢡӳⷽٵƣ
ûʲôĵˣҲûʲôѣǰķ죬ڵĴҲеǺûǻȻ͸ýܣٲҲ⣻ǲȻ͸Ѹٵľܾ˵ٶίҲδš
ǸСӣһֱСˡһֱΪƥ֮£ССֵĸ֣ҫۣѸ٣Ҳ벻Һ͸溲ǵķۡ벻ŵ󶼻λûм죬ô˴󽫼ϷڳϣСȷʵʸҺ͸溲ثһĵ۹Ϸ
˼˳Ŀ͸Զ¶һ˿ѰζЦݡ
һԣĸĿɿڴ˶סˡ
۹ĶϷ氲˼˳ô꣬⻹һ֪󽫼ܣ
ҪˣŰɣλε󶼻ͥսƵֽȱȷʵҪԣЩ˽ʿҽˣ
һ䣬˼˳бŷһ˵ģǰδеĳâ
ǣˣ

֮
үͥ󶼻ţҪЩʿܶ٣ж٣Ҫ٣ȫ̽ա
һ˳ܽĴǷţڶһֲŵĸо
˼˳ĵ۹󶼻һԼҺүйڣȻԸæ
𣿡
߾Ϸ΢΢̧ͷк⣺
˼˳һţ˵֪ˡЩҪܿͻ͹ȥ
Ƶᣬͺһ΢С£ֺǰ˼˳Ӧ顣Ǵ˴̲סԵҲֻԼҵĺүܹˡ
ֻǵȻһЦֵͷĹţһͷҲ̧
ԺˣڣȺͺذҰ°ɡ
۹Ĵ󽫾󶼻˴֮Ǻٻᱻ˸ҵģһжʹΪȣΪߵĻҪһ㣬㲻һϸĴ󽫣ǣǽֻͬĴ󽫾󶼻ûдﵽûʸּϷģ
ǰ±Ԫ˧ΪʥȻЩ֪һ
ǣү
ƶǶܿȥ
ȥеż㡣ʼΪ·ңԶ⣬ڱѷ״̬ı̶ԶʤʹôľߣҲǲѶΪ֮
ҪδΣͰЩԶԶġ
иƣӵдĿɹӶֻҪǮ㹻࣬ͿԶʱѸӵдţЭЩĹӶ䡣

ذҰǵЧԶеĿö࣬ڵҹȫࡣԸµľԸӺˣͶذҰ¡ԸµģͿԼǰͥͶ˼˳¡
һĻذҰȻҪֹҲ޿κΡǿŤĹϲǲԸ£ǿҲû˿˼Ķҡ
ʱ仺ȥѪһ޴ı䶯ⳡ߻ı䶯һֱʱˡȵҹʱ㾲
ٴȥˡ
ҹУһ͵͵˽ǺҲǺһָӸӵԡ򣬶ǳԡ
ĺ󶼻̫ˣôһ̲飬ǵϾҪй¶ˡ
һ͵͵ص
ӪıԵ߸ߵդ֮£Ӱڵأҹɫ֮УƶǵƶκεĺʿԼͥĺʿͬΪǰ
ߣ˾Ҳ߲ˡǵĸϽرܶˣһҪ˵󶼻߾衣Щս̫ǿˣδһΪǵĸ֮
ţû뵽ңԶĶȻҲǿı֣ܶһǵַǳӡ

һߵ˵ţһ߷ɿڸ߸ߵդ֮£Я䵶ڸʿҰ֮⣬ٳһһͨͨ⼸һһֹƣ·ڶһ㣬ͨ˳ȥ
ˣߣ
ӪķΧ˳һӣķݶȥȻûǳԶͻһͻȻǰ
վסߣ
мϸˣ
ץסǣ

ۣһһȼյļ껮գڼǰԶǼֻ˹ҹһһӰţƻΧһεĵط˳
գ
ս˻صܼ꣬ףХŷӵֻѸգۼ䣬ʮ˳һ߾ٻѣΧճһƬ磬ҲճǼҹɫҪӳӪġӱ
ͨĻ˿Ǽ߱Ŀȧͻͺ˺񣬵ȴŽȻͬɫĿ
ⲻֹǺˣû
ʳˣ
վǰУһסˡһȺҲͬı顣ֻˣ˺ͺˣǽӵѲΧϷĳͼϸȴû뵽Ȼ׽ӦóĴʳˡ
ϴľȻʿף
һƬž
˷Χˮйͨʿʳ˵ɫҲʱòҰޱȡ

ʲô
֮Ĵ֮Уǻ㱨Ϣڵһ¶˳Ծɫ
з˴ʳ˵ļϸһαװеĺˣ
غүȷʵˡ˲ĻжԺ˵ּءҴʱǰͿʼˡ
ǹһһ˵ţһ֣
˴
飡飡
ǵ䣬һؼףżһһ廨Ĵʳʿصڵϡ
⼸ĿĴʳʿ¶صɫ
Ǽʳ˵ģǰӲѧʱûٺǴЩʳȷʵͺܶ˵ӡһֺģЦеģָȫָһС
ǰ⼸ʳ˲ͬǵĹǼܸߴȳơʵͺֽһ㣬˱ңϺϼ룬Ҳǵݣⲻʲô̻ãǴĴʳ
û뵽ԼһĴʳʿ
ʳ۹һֱмǿĶ֣һа׵ͻὣָʳǲҲһȥǡû뵽ǾȻʱѾצ쵽һԺ˵ݻ֮С
ʳһĻԲԤϵС


848 
ǣ˭ģ
߹ȥǰͣɢһǿѹȻʳʿͷƲһߣţֻװһ㡣ֻЦ⼸αװʿܻԡ
ǰ˹𣿡
ͻȻһȴõĺǴʳ
ˣ
仰ʳʿ͵Ťͷ΢΢ſڽ࣬һɫ
忴һĻжʱȥ
˹֣ʳ۹ĶܶҲǴĵˣδ˹֮ս˾Ǵʳ۹ͳ˧⼸ȻûлشԼǵķӦѾ˵һС
벻צѾ쵽
һƬء
λʳ۹Ķܶ߼ͳ˧֪ǳޡһֱΪֻԼһֱĬĬ׼ŶԸʳȻû뵽λʳ۹ĶܶȻԶǰѾɳͼϸǵѾŰһ·͸
һɲǼ䣬ᵽһŨŨսϢıζ
Ȼ䣬ͻȻԼһֱԶԶ͹λĴʳͳ˧λʳ˵죬ԱԼĿµö࣬ҲҪѶԸöࡣ
Ȼ֪Ǵ˵֣
ܵģһ˾Ȼ˵ǵԣ
İɣʲôǾԲ˵ġ

ʱ֮ǰһֱҧ˵Ĵʳ˼ϸڿˡ³Ĵʳرǡ˹֡⼸֣Ǿ޴𺳡Ǳôãǵһ˵ôĴʳһǺųơݲɰٴķ춼
ʵϣ򣬻˵ʳҲԲࡣ
𾪵ģȻ֪Լͳ˧֡
ʳʹ֮ңԶ˫֪ޣʳԴƣߵķܣк;صϢǾԻܣߵ¶ûж֪Լ˧֣δʳûȥĺ󶼻Ȼһھͽг֣
Щʳ۹ľһ㵲ѣ
˵ˣѾشˣ
嵭֪˹֣˵Ѿ֪󲿷ܣʣµ˵˵νˣ
ǣǴȥ飬Լá
ǣү
ǻ⣬˻֣ǰǴȥ֮רŵѶ֣ԭ̲ĸ֣ͨӥĹϵ֮ǡЩҲ˹
Щʳܹרŵѵܹܣҧ˵Ҳаմ϶˳һЩ
ʳĳ֣ĸ߶ӣҲˢڴʳλͳ˧˹ֵʶ׼µʱһ󣬾ҹĻʱ֣˻ƽ֮еʱһֻӥҹɫϢĴңԶ
Ȼûжֻ֪ӥϴϢͬʯײ䣬ܿ۹Ҳ׵ĴĽࡣ
ʲô֥ʯɱʯʯ
ĴļϢһͬһͷϵľĵ˵϶֪
һɲǣһƬţ
˹֮ս
Ժֻʣһͷ
ô˹֮սٻаŻᱬΪʲôô죡
ɫ԰ףһƬҡ
ΪֹһսŬ֥дһţʹеԭΪԼŶܹһЩãܹø֥һЩ衣
ֻҪӵСĽô;Բϱ³çĽʯ˹֮սʱҲƳٲ٣Ҳܸٵʱ׼û뵽һսʱ䲻ûƳ٣ǰ£
ֹˣ֥ڹʯ֮˳򾫱ȴʳһ˹֮ǡ
ǹӣҲо̬أɫ಻ѣ
Ǵʳ˺ܿʦ㳲Χ˹֮ǡ̬أʮ𼱣ͳ˧ⳣѾţǳԮүᣡ
ˣ
䣬һھҵҡΡ̧ͷһۣǺܿʶⲢʲô𶯣λҵվϢһͬ˰
Ϲӣ˿ҲܸܳĲȶ
ү
ʶĽһôã˵ӡһֱ˳ᢣԶгĸо֮ս嶼ûлŹ⻹ǵһοôʧ̬
Ƿù
쳹
ǡ
ǰĽԮŵ˹ȥ
ѾԸȥˣйһս鱨Ϣʱ֮ǰͻȫ͹
һעǸ֮ҹ
֮УƻͨڴвȥеĽ죬ҵǣǺذҰ٣ȫٻʱ֣еϢȫ£˹
ΪˣԸķⳣдһţѯϸݡ
֪һޱ䱳ࣺ
֥ʯɱ¾ȺҷԽ룬˳ռ˹֮ǣ󱻴ʳ۹ľӰΧһϵľޱ䱳ԶҪӵöࡣǷȷʵãյţ֥ȷʵࡣ
û⣬֥ҪʯñҲǼ֮飬һϢ׵Ĵ˸֥Ľ࣬Ҵʹ֥ȡһϵежʯԼԽ룬ռ˹֮ǡ
ʯʳϣ鼸ºΧ
Ϣø֥ı⣬ȷˣһϵеľޱ䣡
ô
ż㣬гһ̾þ˵
ǣһȫһֻɿ޾ϵһ籩;ˡڵһѾ֪ȫ֥ͬʯһֱΪǺʷһΪ̰ѡ
ǣ֥ԭ򣬾嶼˵һֵĻ
ʯʹʳᣬ׼һԸǰ֪ġҲ޷϶ΪǰصϢǵΪЧӦĽһǿԿ϶ģһȷԷϣôȷˣڶԷ׼֮ǰȷΪһȷ
֥޷ޣԼҲһȡͬĴʩ
ʳʯᣬ֥ʯ֮󣬴ʳԻʱ䱻ȴԹסһʳҲԽսڹ֮⣬ⳡսӰ졣
˳սʯİͼԴ˵޺
򵽴ʳԽ֮󣬼һƬƽ̹ǿҰӾսԵĽǶȣƬսԼֵģʾ˹֮ǡ֥ΪһսĲ˹֮ǵֵԲŻڹʯ֮ǧоԥռ˹
һϵеж׺ݣҸɾ䣬ʯʹһͬʱôʳ⧲˼ı֮Уȫչֳ˴⼶Ĵ
Ҳ޿ޡ


849 ˹֮Σ
үǸô
¾ĵģ˶壬ܵӰ죬ÿ˵鶼ޱȡǰ˶ΪʳһصССȣһս⣬Ϊǰߵߣ֪ԼԵʲôĵˡ
ӵűȴƸӹ㲩ĹӴıǿսԼǿҰģǴƬ½ǿĵˡ
֥Ѿųϵı˹֮ǣһƽ֥ܵסʳ۹ڶıǧĴʳԽ룬ֱ룬ռ
׵塣
һݣ¤ԼƵ½Ҳܵв
ʷʳƵĴſڣ˶оңԶȵǿв
Щ֮ǰɳݵʱѾһ㡣
û˵Ǳ۾ĬĬ˼
һս̫ͻȻҲ̫ˣҪú˼̫׼ûɣ˹֮սͻȻ׵Ĵļƻ
ҵȥе⡭
֪˶ã۾бŷһĹâ
¡
Ƭ֮һĺõеȻ򿪣͸£սľеڡһ߾߹죬Ӹų͢ӡĳ飬ڳʮؼգ˸ڵĹâ
ס֣ǲôɣ
ûͣ˭Ҳܽȥǿס֣

ееȻȴûǵĻ
⣬ܡ¿ɴӾɴȨΪ߾ӦӦ䡣սڼЩõսܹƵսӵ¡ʮ߳ڹȥʱ󶼻ڣȫعأԽ
岻ͬ಻س¹档
¡
Ŵ̤еڵʱͬһʱ䣬һ֮ʯĮԺ
¼˵ľ񣡡
ĹӰ仯¡¡һ޴ĳǳذεض𣬳ĸ֪У¡޴ĳǳΪޣһǳǧĺɫս죬һãã纣Ļɫ죬էһӴɱһ𡭡
һ٣ͣ˽Ų
ʷĳֻת˹ٵ֧վصԭ硣һɽݶһƬ½ϲͬʱӴĵ۹һע޷ս۹ֻһܰХۣ֮һѸٵ˥䣬롮ʨĺꡯ
һ仰ȻһлԶûн
ʨʧȥ˽ȡצͬӥʧȥʨĺ꣬Ҳ˵ľ񣡡
Ϊ˵ƿߣӵһΣҲΨһһ֧8000㣬ѡ˳Ҳѡ룬һ2000㽱
棬һѡ룬پ޴Σգʧܣ۹䣬һͬĨɱ

Ժе¶һ˿ȻЦݡ8000㣬ȱһۣûжһսסԼʵǿԻġǼֻᣬԼҲĻ˳
ȷϣ
嵭ȻһЦû˿˲̤еС


ɫӥԽɽ룬˷˹ǵֻǴͬ˾ʦڳ֮һҵ硣
£Ӧ֧Ԯ֥ˣ
򾫱УͬСɡսܣҶյȰҲ֮ʧأҲ֮ݣӦüٳ֧Ԯ

ϣ佫ߣʹ
ƣ
䣬һõĴվ˳ǳ⣺
֥ߴñ񣬴ӴӾڣߴ˼ս޲ʤ޲ˡʯѾ䣬ߴ˻ʦ˳ռ˹ǣԸߴ˵վͻʳʱ̸ʲôǶǻͷ𣿡
Ȼһ򽻶񣬲ϵһڳִãһΣȴǵ˽ƣеĴ󶼻󽫾ûбȰ󶼻֥սҫ۵ˡ
ȻȲĴ󽫾󶼻չֳıԼ˵սĴ󶼻󽫾޷ġھͳ͢У֥һţʤ
Դϴ󶼻λõڣ֥ްܼսƮǳóȷˡΪ˵ĳǿͰĿֲսܹѹʹףһֱ¡
ΣȻ֥˹֮ǣǺܶ˶ΪǸ֥սԣ󣬸֥ɻʳˣɹʤ
ϾֹͬҲ֥ʤǿʤ֤ԼοʳǸС
ε鲻ͬεԮǸ֥ĸⳣ巢ģ΢Ϊս˼ӣ
һ佫ͼ˵ˡ
Ѧˣİɡߴ˲µģ
һʷ
ⳡ޼գⳣԮŲûڳ̫Ĳ֥óսܶ˶ΪһҪ˶ãͻٴδݱʮ֮󣬵Ԯţ֥Ȼ˹ʱ΢΢ɫ
㷴Ӧٳٶ۵˶֪һκ֥ͬλġ۹֮ì˼ǿĶ֡

ʦζԴԮʱ򣬴ʱ˿̣ԼһƬսļ
еΪλҹͣĲǧҲ׼󡢵ǹꪣԴԴϵĴе˳ַС
Ϊλÿλһֻ߳Ѹٵ齨һ֧װǧ߳ġ嵱ڴâҹϮ֮ʱ¶âġС顱սѸٵ¶âγս
Ȼһ˴ֻװ2000߳󣬵ֶصĳСսֹȷУѸ٣ƵִܹƵսӵ¡ɱ屶ʮϡ
Գս
үⳣԮˡôظǾܾ𣿡
һۼһż㣬Ŵϵ幪ѯʵ
߷ˣ£֮ұȻ˹ߴˡ
һɫ
˹漱֥ⳣԮһһ⣬ѩһ㲻ͣ͵̶ʮʱ䣬Ѿյ˶ʮšⳣǸ֥ĸҲұۣ˺ųơ۹˫ڡȻǰλԺںƵĵ۹δı棬ʱ䣬ⳣȴ¼ӡ
ⳣÿһţм䶼¶һĽͽǡһս͢ΪֹûʶΣԣͷⳣȴ֪Զһ߾սô򵥡


850 ˼ĶԲߣ
֮սͬⳡսûôƽҲǣôĹģȴĹ۹ˡ֪ĺͷⳣ廹ҪͬⳡսӰ֪ĶҪֲöࡣ
һսʹƵӰʮ֮սԶԶܱ⡣ΪĲһʱһĵʧδˡʨʧȥ˷צͽ˴ϵĺ꣬һ۹ʧȥ˻չͽȡģҲʹ꣬Ӵڶɱ˶ģ
ۼֻ֤֪ңΣ嶼ֵز
һսļкѷڷⳣ壬ټҲ֪ھԲǳĺʱ
ԼԶԶû׼ûг׼£óȻ󲻵ﲻ֥Ͱ󷴶Լء
ʷѾı䣬һӣ󶼻֥ǧоԺ֮ʧ˹֮ǣݿҰʳ۹ľַڼȲ£ս˹֮ǵĿҰ
һѾ֥ͬɹ˹֮ǣռȻӵ˵ơԸ֥۹󽫵ʵྫԼӶİҪԿҰ֮еĴʳӣԲ̫ѵ¡
֥ı츳ӹɵģలʵҲ۹꣬ɥʧȻ͵£֥Ҽ˽ӽһ£˹֮ǵİټ£Ҳ⡣
Ҳʱԭ
ǣү
ȥ
ҵ
뿪Ŀһת˴£׳˶ɽҵ
ĩڣ
ҵе
ȸֵôˣкͰǱߴ߹ûУûϢ𣿡
ʵ
ȸĵ飬Ҳе⡣û⣬һʳ۹ľڱ߾׼ս֪ʷľźų֮ĩ֮ǰǿ
ǵװ֮ս֮ǿ˶ġǴӳһ𣬾ͱѵɱ¾սȻѾǿˣûװȸֽףﻹԶԶ㲻۷״̬
˹ս㼯˶۹ǿľӣսѪͲпᣬĻҪµöࡣ
ԼľӪڻûг׳֮ǰóóȻĳս
үǱѾϢˡкͰǱ߻ظ˵˾Ѿͬ⣬ǧͿʯѾȫ׼ãʱԴߡǣи⣬˹Ǳս״̬ĵ·ѾжϣѾûа취ĵ·Ϳʯ
ҵ
ˣ
ҵĻϵ˶¶˽ŵɫ˹֮ǵϢ׵Ĵ˵Ľ࣬˶ΧϢתÿ˶и԰ŵ飬һܻϵĲͬһԶԼְ
ҵ˵Ϣ֮ǰ֪飬ȸֵҪÿ˶֪
üͷһ£ͻȻӱ
˹֮սʳ˺Ͱڶ֮УЩЧѾ¶Ĵ˾ȻⳡǰδеĴսⳡֵƽľ޶ײʲôӰ졣
֮ǰĿҲʼֳЧĿǰΪֹͿʯеĽ׶֮Уǵ֮ҶṩİҲġʧ˾޷ܡ
ǧĺͿʯŻô׼á
Զûô˳֥Ͱ˹ֵⳡսж˺ͿʯͨʱóȻ䣬ᱻʳ۹ȡ
գգ
ĽŲл죬Ų̤ͬСĽŲ˵Ŀ⻺򿴴Ψһɳ̡ɳ˹ĳǳأжһ˵ĹС
ɳսûб֮ǰɵģƤ£Ѿ˺ܳһʱ䡣ûκһʶɳζʲôֱһ̡
ү֮ͨȷʵжˣѾ˺ܶĳӥȥ˹Ǵʳ˵ıѾˣ֮䣬˿֮·ϵѾȫϡʳ˵ڣѾֹͣȫĻ֮ͨȷʵѾжˣǲܴǱߴġ
ȸͣӥɳĵƺɽͣ
üͷͷǰɳ̣û˵ɳϣеɽͨǳأȫǵǽ˴ĳ򣬻˴ʱ䣬ʹ˸ַϸġ
ȸ˵˹֮ǵĵƷǳ⡣ǰǶ֮ĽŦս֮˿֮·Ҳ֮ضϣҲûͨǱ߾ӦǧͿʯҲ˲

ĿһͻȻڵ
ͨûжϾƺ֮䣬һͨ

Ļ˶һ
ôܣҲˣеѾȫֹܻͣͨģ
ȸһԾ
Ļʱ龫ǣѾ˴Ҫҳһͨȫʧˡһ֪ͨЩ˲֪ܲġ
ﾲĵģ˵Ŀⶼϡ
ͣ
ûж˵ֻȡһֻɫС죬ɳһ۵λá֧ɫСλã˶ˣȸ͵۾ŵĴģһ仰˵
˹ظԭ
˭Ҳû뵽֧СȻ˹ص۹ĵ̣ȻҪ˹أǧͿʯ˼άпգٴ󵨵˶ô
˿֮·ضûйϵҵ֪ͨǴı;Сɣ˹ص۹ǰǧͿʯ⣬ǧСɣӦ
ն
ǣү
ҵԥľỳɡ
󣬴˻ǿҵУǽģ·ʲôһ¶˼ɫȡͨСɣ˹ظԭ亣Ϳʯٷ˶ͨ
ԭܼ򵥣·᫿һΣյ˹ص۹ĵ̡˹ص۹ﲻֹ¤ͬʱӶ̡֮ԻǲפһҪԭǷֹ˹ص۹Ľӡ
ĸ˷񵽰ѻǿĵ̡
ȱһۣ׵ĸıĸ֣âսç֧ӣ˹ظԭıѾûκεıвļƻ
뷨ƴ󵨣ʵ׵ģ
ģԽԽ׹һ壬Ŀ֮ǰȱһۣ˹ı·ǾԲڵġ˹սǰһΪĵɳ̣Ѳ뵽ǲѾԤеһУǰ׼ǳս


851 ˹أ
ʱȴ֪˵뷨֥ʹʳ֮ͻȻսȫĲ裬̫ҪȥõˡҪĵģԶֹȸô򵥡
Ԫ³ҲǱô˵Ļӵûнս飬ҲٸʱˣھͱҪĴ𸴡
Ťͷ
³ҲȥͻʺͥɽԸ֮ǱߣĻӵȫӸ˳Ԫ
غү³ҲǱţɳ޿ɺѾ׼ͻȻһʡĻǱߡûа취ԭˡ
Ԫŵ
Ŷ
üͷ΢΢һ£漴ĿһЦһ
Ϊ˹֮ս𣿡
ǣ
Ԫԥһ£ͷѡʵشñ֮ʣҲɽǱҲǳʦȻʲôϢ
ߣͻ˿ûϰߺҴ򽻵ӦѭĹ˹սһսĽΣǶκεĻᣡ
ûֻһ䣡
ǰԲ³Ҳ϶೤ʱ䣬ڣսڼҪıЩսԵΪҪˡɳ޿ɺȻǸоһ㣬ԲŻı뷨뵽ս
ԪҸǧһմͻʴԭסһ·ֻˮУˮĵطȻƥţ򣬻ͻʲ塣벻ˮԴҪ֮ɨˮԴв֡ʮ֮ڣ׵Ļͻı
ĿݣԳɭɭɱ
˹֮ս֥ΪսȴݲʳΧ֮ǰܻԼɳ޿ɺ֮Ľײпܻʹͻ֮ģΪԼлᡣ
Ҫģǳ׵Ĵͻ˵Ľңף£ֻҪԼڣҲǹ
ǣ
ԪҴȥʱ䣬ÿ˶ܸоŨҵѹľԮһһ⣬֥񣬱Ϊܽսپٳ̫ġ
ʮȥˣλպյĵ۹ȴȻ˹ٳٶ۵ˣڴʳ֪Ҳ֪һθ֥ʷǰǿˡ漱ȫϣͼϡ
±򣡡
ڣ
֪ͨԾ䣬ֻʮʱ䣬ܸĴۣӾʦĵ·ȫߴͨ⣬һεˮ·裬Ų㡣ͷⳣϵҪȫϣ·ֻʮʱ䣬֮ǵȫԹǲʮڣ·ûдͨã
ǣ
±һûа粵Ѹתȥ

һһϵĴӴ﷢ȥ˶תأڵӰԽԽ٣֪˶ãֻʣһɫٻӰ
ôˣ
ƣĬĬüͷ
ǻʲô˵𣿡
ϸӣӿݣʣ͵ƥеĳءһ˫üбޣʹϸ˼˵Ȼ˿̣üͷȴ΢΢ţ̲סۡ
ˡֻ֪ļϣ縺ŶôӴѹ˶ԼĹǣΪܣȴȻˣʵֻһʮꡣ
ûʲô
˰֣Ȼڳ˼֮У
ֻǵıԶԶˮ¥̨ȵ£ǣ˹ʳ۹̫ˡеǧԶԶԸıⳡս
һľţټװԴʳ˵˽⣬ԼĿǰռʳ˵ıڶʮϣһ࣬ıԶԶҲʱ䷳յһ㡣
Լеĳ뻹ٰ̫
뵽˴вɳһ̾Ҳʱ򣬶ͻȻ͵һЦһ㵣ʶ̧ͷָֻдУڿڱǣЦĽˡ
һΪڵʲôԭҰɣ㴦֤һºǧ
ŵ

һԾĿ١
û˱˽˴ˣǼ⣬ͨȥȻӵǰļ䣬Ҳǻ˾޴ļǧ˴˱Ͳֳܷ࣬ǧѾ൱ˣ嶼ٿڡ
ڣپȻ֤һºļǧ
ôţ
Ц⣺
鱾Ͳ̫ѣֻ˱ֱţôȷȥˡ
Ŀ٣ȫ˵
һ˸˵ⷬһЦ١λƵĺŮ˵ⷬͷȫͬ
ã٣¾ͽˣ

˹ظԭǣ˼ĵط
¡¡
ӿһ󼱴ٵ˸ԭƽزֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һֻ̳ӸԭºХ
˸ϣҪӣ
ע⾯䣡
һ쳹ԭڶǰ棬ҵһȣ۶һؼףӴһصɽ㣬ɢһɷ籩ǿѹ
ȸֽڵ˵ҪģԶԶһУߵĲУҵġһɳҲ֤µӡ
˶⣬ϸԼװʱӦԿֵܳս
ҵӴ쳹ԭ
ǣ
ҵһ䣬ǧѸټᣬе׼
ӰҷָһǧͨСɣֱӦͿʯĳӡүӲض˵ԲܳκεĲء𣿡
ҵĿŤͷԵһ
˽пӰҵڴĹзģ侲㣬жܹʱƣȷľߡҵоϵ츳ߣսߣԼһѧ
ĴսӰѾɳΪҵߵǿҲжҵԭ
ģĩһɣ
Ӱڵϣһ
ض˵ˣȥɣ
ҵ˻ֵ
һ䣬ӰѸٷһǧ¡¡ͬӿĳˮ㣬ŴСɺķȥҵһǧڸԭϣĿſӰʧþòŻع
ھûҵ˭öǾһֱȵǹʱӦ
ǣ
ĺ˳쳹ԭ


852 ɨͻʴԭ

ʱһ͵͵ҵ
˹˵ͺճˣѾˡ
ҵĿйâһ˳Ŀ˹ȥֻϷһֻ޴ĺɫͺչ򣬳˵ϿգһȦһȦͣȻǡڸԶĵطһӰսڵƽߴңңע
ϵװȻһ˹
⣬ȥɡ
ҵֻǿһۣܿͻعͷ
ڵ˹رѾûʲôܹвˡ
˵գעͬһս㣬ĬĬȴ

ԽһĻα߽ߣͻʴԭ
¡¡
ҵͬʱԪǧ۵糸ͻʴԭˮĵط۶ȥͻʴԭγԪصش򵼡
ˣǰ棬ʮһˣŶղ˾ţˮ
һݰͰ͵ĺսָǰ
ȫ
ԪĿкһгϵһֱָǰɲǼ䣬ǧıӿȣǰȥһ֮󣬵ǧϵǴطĲһ峺ޣǳǧãã纣ţ򣬻ϴŸƤͻʺˡ
ãǺˣ
ǵľôӰ

ͻȻֵĳԪˣеĺһƬҡҲһЩѸٵļᣬγСģķӣųԪ˼ȥ
ɱ
û˿ԥԪǧһХȥͻ׺ݣÿһ޹ͻ񣬴ϿףδΪһϸͻսʿŴԭأΪŰԭջһĴڡ
ǳԵĵһսûκεĽ飬Ҳû˿飬սΧѪȾأţʬ塣
ߣһ
ԪĿעű͵һ֣ǧͬһ㣬ٴϯȥ
һһԪϸѭһһͻʴԭϵˮԴɱȥɨΧе䣬ǵжɾֺֿޣ̶ֻһ֮ڣɨ˼ʮˮԴ
񡢲Ĵ룬ͻʵĴԭѸٵķ͡

ˣ
յͻʴԭ漱Ϣͻһͻʸҧгݣİ
Щ̫ˣΪͻû𣿡
Ҷеıȫ䵽Сɳ޿ɺµҶ֮ǰȫƿ֮С
ֻǧˣûǸƵ
¦³˫ֳӶ̽˹ȥһ׺ݵ
Ѿ̽ˣǸƵ岻ڣһС䣬ֻǧǵѾȷϹ
ͻʳУһ
һЩɱƬײ
¦³Ӫл죬ѾвӪ˳ȥ
еһսҶǶǧȫûһսͻʺһܵ˼Ĵˣͻʺ˼ǿ
¦³ûаǶôպգҲͻʵսټıʵȻǿ
¡¡
¦³ͻʺһȫǧսϣĳţΪһľˣųԪǧڵλãХȥ

ˣǳˡ
ͻ˳ͬʱңԶ߾ȸһֻзĴתĳԪ
ǺǣȻˣֻҪռˮԴЩͻûа취ţͻʵľӾһ̲ס
ԪһƥɫһȻ
ԭϵǷҰݣͻ˾޶Եǲȥ벻ˮԴֻҪ㣬͵ڿѨһ㣬ԪֱͶء
Ȼֻȴš

Ԫ˵һֻͫŸ룬˫ɿĬգѸٵĳķȥһУԪ΢΢һЦǧͭǽڰ
ھ׼ս
ǰ󲻹һʱͻȻ֮غԶԶƽߴ̳ҰƬƮƮֱգصԶһĺ䶯ţѸٵڵλã
໣
Ⱥ໽Уһ˾޴սӶĵƽѸ𣬺ɫϣһֻǵͼӭƮ衣
ͻʴ
֧һԴвͻʾӣŷϹˡ
ȫ׼棡
ͻʴ˼Զľ룬ɢңûǰۼܼ͵ʱ򣬳ԪͻȻһЦһӣǧͬеĽʯһ㣬Ŷηȥ
ϣ
Уһһս⻷ӶͣشӳԪ˵Ľ±գۼ䣬ǧĹ⻷ۼһ𣬽ǧ˵ľӻһСͱݡ
ˣ
¦³һĻƤѪӿ˶ŭˡǶԷʮϵǶǸƵСȻ
ɱǣһ
¦³һ£ûзٶȣٳŶȥ˫ľ벻
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ǧһ֧ķʸͣͶͻʴݺݵײһ
ϣ

ɱǣ

սײɵУȻѪѸٵȾء𾪵ĿУٵǧﷴչ¶ѹԵʵ˵ͻʴһѸٱ䴩о
Ĳһչ¶ţֻڽӴĵһͻ˾սǧˡ
쵰
¦³ȻŭϵһγֱָԪڵλã
С䣬
¦³δ䣬һӣľųԪֱȥѾˣ֧ȻʵˣǵĽʵȴ̫ߡֻҪɵǵ죬Ȼս
¡¡¦³ͻʿ棬ųɱȥ
ߣȵľ㣡
ԪЦһһĨĹâ
¡¦³쾫ɱʱһ̣벻鷢ˣˣǧ˵԰Ϊλͬһ㣬ѸٷֳʮСУ˷иɱȥ
ͻ˵оѾڸǱ䣬¦³ǱһĻŪôãȻµսҲԾػһȻûعǧȥͻȻȥ
ã
¦³ɫһ䣬һǿҵΣոͻȻӿͬˮȫ¦³ҪܣѾˣǧƵһ˷


853 ӶԿ壡

ֻһ춯صĲҽУ¦³ųĳ߶ĻѸڶݵļž֮¦³˺ۣƽɽصȥۣѪµսڱ
¦³ʱԲ۾ƺţԼַʽǧ˵Χ¡
ϣ
һһն¦³ͷ­ɳ֮Զ¦³ͻʵĴҲ֮һƬҡ
ɱ
Ԫԥһ£ûɱȥ
¦³̫ˣԪȻʲôȴµһһ˹ظԭ±ѵӪնɱʥ侳ĴϤҰοֻһ¦³

ʧȥ¦³ͳ˧ȻͻʴʣˣѾ֯Чķˡ
ɱ
ذҰŰǧһطɱʱһսĽѾ׵ĵ춨
սʧϢɽͥˣ

ϣ˿֮·ͨʦķһˮ·ͬһ㣬Խɽͣǧһ·Ӷȥ·ĩˣǧĹͬķȺһæµš
ڶǰУԾͼʦĹ壬Ҵĳϲҹš
⣡
һֻŸպХ£Ծһ죬ѸٽŸϡֻǿһۣԾ¶֣صɫ
Ǻүţ
Ծŷ⣬ֻһۣѸߵǰһǰͣ
Ǿ˻жԶ
Ծʵ
ѾԶˡʵ֮ǰǾͿ޵ˣǰմ˵ķԸؿ˵·ͬʱǿˮ·ӲȣԳظû⣬ʮǾͿ޵ˡ
˻ص
ԾӾʦ˵ˮ·ܼ๤ҲɳĴеĽȫƿ֮С
ʮ죿
Ծüͷһָ
ֻʮʱ䣬ʮ֮ڱ޵ˡ
⡭
ԥһ£˵ͷ
ȻЩѶȣӦûʲô̫⣬˺ܼĻҿԼලٳ¡
ã
Ծ˵ͷٶ˵
ŵǶʮʱޣԾ֪úүԶشԼһǷǳҪԣԾʱʮ졣
ϣܹܵİү
Ծа

ͨˮ·ڽܹĵĽУͬʱݴ̴Ѳϵ̣ең¥̣ȫĿʼΪ彨ĸģ顣
ո£ݴϣʮƵĽ¥̷죬ֳֺ׳󣬼׳ۣ
ЩģȫװȥҪͣ㣬ٶ˵ȥ⣬صģεĿͻǾʦңΪŵġʥ׷
ϣһɫҸۡ⣬Ĺܼʱشһ̶ӽĸģ˵һζľ飬ЩҶٶȿ˲١
ʡϣ󶼻ǴƵĵڰ˴󽫣ڴƻ˭֪ģҲ
ۡ⣬׳˶̶ȻһЦ˸ƣУ֧ʮɵ̶ӣȥ
Ӷϵǧ̶ĸģ飬ҹͣسȥ
һ£ƶڴ˿Ϊá

ʱ仺ȥ֮󣬵һģɶˮ·һ·ֱͨ˵ʱ֮Ƕˡ
ˮ·ˮ·ҿ쿴µˮ·޹ˣ
ȥ
˼飬ֵĶʯͷһӲ

֮ȸԾǧĹˮӳǳӿ˳Ƴһµĵ·ɳӺʯɣȴʯͷһӲҿԳܼʮֵǧʿҲ٣Ѿơ
³ֵġˮ·ڴңԶľʦˣڳѾķз˶Դ
Դˣӭ
̻գǧǰͷľʦ֮ԳǣųĹӭȥ
ǰּˡ
ԾҾһ΢Цŵ֮սսˡ
ˣүأ
үѾȥȥҲҲ
֮˫£Уһ΢Ц
Ŷô᣿
ԾƤһΪ⡣˿֮·ҹԼգ޽Ϊܹһˣ塣û뵽鿴ԼԤȫһ
˹ս˵ϣںүϣʱүôס
֮Ծɻ΢Ц
⣬ҪҺү䣬ڣҲ֪ү˼ǣ뷨ǿԴȵġ
Ծ˼˵ͷ

岢һ㣬֪˲ࡣϵ٣Ҳ֪ȥȥĳЩˣǾģҲ֪
үǰǸԿ˵ˡЩ˷ǳֱɣҪȥӶ𣿡
ĶǣһƬƶĵشһƥϣ岢ǵǧ˵˵ǰеǰӭӡ
ľڶһͷˮ
ҪҹӶ֪ܶ಻ĹӶһȸԿҸԿ࣬ʵ̫á
ˣӶԺᣬҵľǸԿˡ
Űڣ˰֣ɫȻ
ǡ
ˡ
ݵʲô飬嶼Լĵ޵ķʸһоò˵
үǰǰӦǸԿˡ
ʱսգһ佫۳ߵ佫źߵ࣬ϴȴסڷµ佫ĺ˲ࡣ
ҲͨѯĻҵġ˽Ѧǧԭξзʮ꣬Ȼ¹Ͳ٣һֱû١巢֮ƸãֱӰΪ佫ͳеĺʿ
Ϊ󶼻ӵеȨǰģƸ¼ãѶξΪ佫ó͢ͱͬ⣬ֻҪһº౨͢Ϳˡ
ŶȲҪǷͻҹȥ
йâһͻȻһսǰǰͻĵطȥֻǼʱ䣬ѦǧеġˡǼ͵ĸߴˣԵðСĶ࣬Լֻ߳ҡ
ǵ忴Ҳûôǿ׳ģ˳ͺûϴһͷᡣܵĻɢǹɶǻɣŵǹŵζ
ӣ֪ԿΪʲôܵżô˴ˡ


854 Ӷ֮䣡
ˣȴûκ˸ЩԿˣɳЩ򣬶Եúܽ׶֡ԭܼ򵥣ǵ۾ڣһͺؤһЩԿȴӵһ˫׺ݿ£ͺ񼢶Ұǰ۾
κ˿Щ۾ɣЩ˼ΣաʱΪĳصĿ꣬׺ݲɱͬھ
Ǻʹ˵еһģһ
΢΢вϲ
ԿˣżС䣬ΪҰ֪Уǻӵһ׹պ䶯֣Ӷ֮
йȣӶУ׺ݣսҳϣɿĹӶ֮
ͺľŵʿΪʳ۹ġʿ֮ɱ¾֮ΪսĻԿˣΪҰĲ䣬ȱˮȱʳȱƶĵشܾӺѹֻǶǰ׺ɱԸ
Ϊƶ񤣬ûеףսУʵСսʺϹӶӡرΪ򣬸ԿսǼΪġ
ֽµľǸûκ˻ȥӶԿˡԿҲʼıԵС䣬ھңпÿһ궼֪Ҫʧ١
գԿƾԼǿƾһһпἤҵսУǿģ޿ı֣ԼӶ֮ĳƺšҳϿɿսһҲ˵ķҲӮ˵غͳϡ
һսƾǧıԶԶġҪĹӶҳϿɿġ»ȻڱΪǿĹӶ䣬ΪһӬͷСͿʱˮҪġ
ĹӶеԽ࣬Խᷴ亦
УĹӶ䣬ɿģҿ֮Ϊұ۵ģҲֻԿѡ
ϲ񡮹Ӷ֮
Կ壬С䣬ΪҰδĹӶܾ֮ɣڶӻıԵȴĸ߰е߶ĴɡҪĻǵİǸܵĵءǽδʵѣѣΪУ
ɹ1200㣬ʧܣ۳4400㣡
ע⣬зգøԿܵıĺӣǽΪУ

һмžûκεϢ
ţ
ƤסаȻ
֮ʯȻʱ򷢳ʾ˼
֮ʯٻ񣬸Կʵԣһû̫ڸеıԵ䡣֮ʯܹṩһ1200ĽȻδġӶ֮ķ֮ʯҲϡ
УǸСĴ۰
ԺһͷܿһȥǰĳںͶԷ֣ûЩȻšִǰȻһԣͷ棬ĸԿҲЩ˵ͷ죬ʶ̧ͷ˹ȥ
Ǵ
һͻȻڼԿ˶𣬲壬һŴŵԪ١̬䣬ʶľܷŵͽ䱸һ׽СԿСԣԼû˻˵Ҳᡣ
ȻӪ꣬Ҳǲġ
۴ƣҲֻһλԵĴʦԪ١ˡ
ǵһ⣬ϣ£
ԪҾһƳһ壬ߵ˵ͷųһ֡һ̣Ľ˶սʿ̧żĴӺ
Ӵ򿪣ȫһСۡѡʯ񡢹۹Լࡣ
ʳ
ЩԿ﷢һģ۾һԱˡмԿ̲סʶ΢΢촽ĿеĵҲ˲١
ԪȻ˵Ĳ
忴һĻ˵ͷԪһʦһͨһ뱲Ӽһȹģÿطÿ䶼˽⡣
һ㣬Ȳϡ
һξԪٽ飬ںǽǰʳȡƽȺǹͨЩϸµķ棬ҲֻԪٲܹ˼ʵҲ֤һַʽȷʵЧ
ʲôǸԿ岢ûʲôԸǵġ
һԿǰԪٽ
Щʳֻǵһ⣬Ҳǳμϣǵİλǵ졣
Ԫʱһ˵ţһŤͷߵ塣
ϵֶصʷãԿ˵ųԽԽˣ֮ǰô⡣
죬ӶԿ壬Ϊҵѡ
ʱͻȻڵ˵ĲԣǸԿʱԪѧģ
ԴӦǿṩԿıꡣ
ž
˸ƣһ򿪣װȴʳĻƽ𡣵ҫ۵ĽԿɫˡԿӣôֱʵĻƽ
Եһ£ȥʾ졣
һԿ˶˵ҴҵתȥۿȥԶһСԪٻ࿴һۣ˭Ҳû˵û⣬ӦþǸԿ֮סĵطˡ
֪ǲλ
ŰڣһشسƬƾԺһͷ
ʱӢۣ¼ԻԶô򵥡ͺĩı޴صһη֣һƶģֻʣ´ɽСɽȻµһһأͬһЩ˲ĿĴڡ
չ¶â֮ǰӡǵһĺƽϯµʱûκ˿Լܶᱩ¶
Կ֪֮صģĴڣ
嵱걻ΪʥԭĴڣҲԼѪһԼĴ˵ȻΪʥλġԿ֮ȴԵһ棬û̫Ľ
ԭܼ򵥣ΪλԿ֮ںƽٳھѾˡ
Կ͡׺ݣν壬ҳϣսҲˣһֱսһˡǵŵ㣬Ҳ𾴣ͬʱҲȱ㣬ãԿϤս¶ѸҲжս֮󣬱û٣л۵ĲƸҲȫ°Ӷȥ
ȻȻһĻٴηң˹֮սڼҪľսǿܹ׺ݲɱͬʱֲᱳѵѡ
գգգ
Կȥÿ죬Ҳ죬ֻһͷ糾ͣǰ
ǳǸ˵ˣǸԿܰﲻʲôЩʳǻǴ߰ɡ


855 Уˣ

Ԫһ㵣Ϊ⡣ûϵԿλ¶涼ûУûǣôɾľܾˡ
⡭
Ԫת壬һӲ֪ô˵ˡԷԾܾӴٶ˵ֶζûáҲüͷ΢ȴû̫⡣
ȻǸ߰ĹӶ֮
ЦЦ̫⡣Կ֮ĸ߰ںҲǳģԿȻĹӶ˵ĹӶܡһװԿŵһνӴӦˡ
ûϵЩʳ͸ǣԪ߰ɡ
΢΢һЦ˻֣Ԫٴ㵵ĿתԶȥǧҲŻƶ뿪Կ˲䡣
үǾô𣿡
Ѿ뿪һǧɣԪɫڨڨл޷ͻӵټΪǿṩһЩġ֮½֪ԪȻϺܶ࣬ҲλŹüĽ
ֻû뵽һγʦء
İɣԿһͬġٶһѾ⴫ﵽˣ㹻ˡǾ;ɡ
˵΢΢⡣

˵仰ͬʱһĳս̤
ˣǰ淢Ŀ꣬ԼǧˣŸԿ˵ضȥ
Ŀꣿ
仰ԪһãȻʶŤͷ塣尲ŵ飬ĻҪࡣ
ǺǣԪõģǾɡ
˵ţһӣǧڸԿؼǧͣҲǼʱ䣬һ̣˶жһܼ˵ĿУһ֧ǧ˵˲䣬ӥĿͷɢһŵǹ໴ųŸԿسȥ
֧ǧ˵Ĳ嵽һ룬ԷǣֻһЦ޼ɵĳŸԿ˵سȥ
ˣ
ԪͻȻƤһ˳һǳǿ壬ֳ䣬صߴ󣬹֣ҼԣһϰߣʯսҲ໭һӡǡ
˷ǳϲѹЩСĲ䣬򣬱С䲻֪
ˡ
ȥɡ
΢΢һЦѾ֪ԪҪ˵ʲô
ԶյУǧѾ뵽˸Կ˵ءһȺԿѸٵľۼ˶šԶ˵ʲôǿóĸԿԵ÷ǳļһֱ˵ʲôⷬٶֻö˹Ц
үǿƣϲūСС䣬°ţƥԿ屾ʳǷȱ¡
ԪŤͷ壬Ȼû˵꣬ͻȻһĲҽдԪٻһ͵ŤͷֻԿ˱ꪶһѺݺݵıᴩڵϡոջڹЦˣͻȻ֮˸Կ˵أɱ¾
ݣ
бһ֧֧ܼ꣬ŸԿ˷ȥսһǹɱԿ޴ִʳ״̬ǵĶ֣һҽڶ
ү
Һ
嵭
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬ֻһ춯صŭ𣬹˴ӸԿһбϢʮ˻ûп˴һɳȥϢ֮ʢԶǧ˵սܵ˾ţһϣ˻
ǿ
ʲôˣôô
ٶʥ侳벻ԿȻôֲǿߣ

ңе죬ܵ𺳣һƤѡոսӴʱЩԿֳؤһ˻ûǷ˭ҲûϵԿȻһλǿߡ
Կ֮ڳˣ
΢΢۾ԶĿڴ
˺͸Կ֮䲢û˽⣬Ԫ˵ūۺʹϵԿС䣬Ҫ˽ţƥҲַͨʽƸԿĳɳ
Կ岢ûһ֮ǵ죬Կ֮ıһµģصʥ侳ǿߡ
ԶϢıӪѣһƤ޳ӢŵĸԿ׳˶Ӵ˳Ŀ̺ɱЩֱײ޵еǰϰС
ۧ˹ҡ
Կ֮Ŀ磬ŭ·һ㣬ڷԲ֮ڣ𵴲ݣһƥƥս÷׷˻СڸԿ֮˽⣬Ǽ־˵ƣҲɰԾ
һͷʨ
˵ʲô
תͷһԵԪ١
Կ˵췢ŭˣ˳ȥ
ԪԶⳡͻȫעԪģҲ͸Կ˽ӴҲ֪λԿ֮ܵ⣬һ㣬ҫۣе÷·һ㡣
³Ү˻
һ࣬ǿĸԿ֮ȴ⡣ǿΧŸԿ֮
ЩвԿ죬Ҷ֣ɱԿˡ
Ԫһ
˵вԷЧԿ֮˼أԭƣ࣬Ͷ㡣
ȥԶˡ
΢΢һЦֱۡ
¡¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬һ̣ڸԿ˺˶ŵʱǧˡϣǧս⻷ͬѤõĻһ㣬˵Ľ±漴ǧƺƵͬӿĳˮһ㣬ŸԿ˵سȥ
ǧȫװһ棬ǿɱʵʣ˶˫ע⡣

ʲôѵ˹Ǻ͸Կ֮飬ʲôϵ
ȥ˺ǽһ£Ǻ֮ǰйģ

˽ţͷǵķȥͼǧֹȻȴǵһĵͣһѪ䣬ſһڣ촦սˤѪӿһء

һĻе˶סˡ˭Ҳû뵽ЩƵľӾȻĶǶ֣һǰЩ򡰰Ұ
Щ˵ǾȻǣ
ǾȻƻأɱǣ

һ۾ˡʱӦҲ֪ЩǳԼġֻ˲䣬ǸѪӿɫͨ죬ŵǹţǧɱȥ
Ȼͳ򣬵Ƕ׺ݵ˵ǿҲֻмӴģˡֻǱͳ˲Ļͳߡ


856 壬ɱӺ
䣡
ֻһ죬Կ𾪵ĿУǧ˺ǧͬɫĳˮصײһ𡣰ҽڶ׷׵¡
ȻǿĹӶ֮һȫװĴҲǶ֡һûжκֻһɱǧ֮ͽ䣬Ĳʮˡ
飬ʬ塣
ʵȻȲҲǾþѵڲпսѪͣҪԸֹӶʵ̫ײ
ߣȥ
Щ˻ڵģ

Ҵˣ׷ɢܡ
Ī׷ɣ
嵭
үԿ˵ˣ
ͻȻһĳСһŤͷȥ֮ԿһƬţѻȸһ˫˫Ŀ˷׷˹ǧϡ
ڸԿصǰһĿӣڵķ
ΪʲôҪǣ
ǸԿ֮˵ĵһ仰ĿϸĴ壬鿴ƺûôϲá
Ԫһ촽ţֹ
֪֪İ˻
Կ֮壬³ľȻһǻԲĺԡ仰Χ׷ױɫ
ǰ㣬Ȼָǡ
Ƕ𱨣
˭Ҳû뵽ԿɱˣľȻֽ
ЦЦһֱֹֻۣˡ
ȻˣǸոΪλҪ֣°еţˣαط
Լ£͹
Կ֮Ȼɫ
ʵԼѾѡΪλƭԼ
ְ
ѷǵУֺαؽţ˵һĺԣӦ굽ʦѧ˵Ӧ֪ԿҪѱū۵ˣǾõѡ񡣡

ѧ֣Կ֮Ƥһ¶𾪵ɫϸ壬ͺһʶƵ꽫һ
ֻЦһԿǲܵӢŵӵģʵϣϵһöӨ͸Ѿ˵⡣
һö͵ĺ塣
֮ѡԿΪԼѣҲкܴĹϵ
Ҳ֪˵ʲô鲻ô򵥡ո治Ӧ÷Щߣˡ
Կ֮
ǺǣǾͰȫɱˡ
赭дȻȻ¶һλߵ
Կ֮ϸĴϵꡣ˵꿴ǳᣬʮ꣬಻ᳬʮ꣬зǳԿ֮ȷʵڴƾʦҲʶٴмô졣
Ļ˫۾գֲɽʾԲһͨ佫еġ
ɱģԴԴϣӵӴ
Կ֮
ǾͰеȫɱ⣬ǲͿˡ
嵭
ɫƵᣬƤϼ¶ľ⣬ȴļ²ѡ
㵽ʲôˣ
Կ֮пҲ˵ȥˡԽԽǰݣԶĻҪء赭дҪһʷǿȫɱ⣬ĨȥһˣֻΪǸӡ
˵ȫ޷֮ΪϷңǧϻѪκ˶˵ĻضԴ
ǸԿ̫ªˣǴ˶ʶĴ󶼻Ƶ
Ѧǧһȵ
Ĵ󶼻
仰Կ֮ԳһٹªţԿƫƧҲ֪ͻʵҶǶ˹ص׼âܣڶ̶̼ڣɥһĴС
廹ȡһֶǿӲԵķ죬󶼻λáд˵첢ĸʲԸͣںʧܣóλá
֮йĴ˵ǳ֮࣬ÿһǳء
Կ֮û뵽󶼻ͻĳԼǰ
ԭ
Կ֮ˡôһֱڵȴһᣬܹõλ󶼻İõƾİ˵Կһİ˵ūۣĸıԿ弸겻λ
¡¡
˼ʱͻȻ֮𶯣ͬɸһ㣬ͬһʱ䣬һɿҵϢ˵ĸ֪С͸Կ֮Ťͷȥֻ໽һ̳·ɳһ͸ɳֻǧӰ飬
ˣ
Կ֮ˣЩܵ˽Ϣȥ˴ɽǵض˱Կ֮ʱг˼㡣ӲԼİΣԼˡ
Ѧǧ׼õ׷ǰɣ
ʱһԿ֮ĶУѦǧͼʮʿǰһڸԿ֮ǰӴ򿪣׺
Զǧ˴ɽХдǰУһƥɫĴͬƮһʮ꣬ǰ鵶˺۵졣
ˣ˺޶ԹΪʲôҪԿɱ¾ǵˣ
켸£̤ûһԵĸԿֱֱ֮ĶһԵ壬Ŀ⿴׺ޱȣɱ
ӶеǿߣǹپҲ¡
ǡ
ǹһĨЦݣǰ˵ע£ڻԼǰĿģ
ΪҪˣһ仰з޳ĹӶ䣬ֻ·һ˾³
ⷬ˵˶סˡԿ֮ҲΪ𺳣һֱΪǳԼģֱһ̣֪Ŀ꣬Լǿˣ
ΧһƬţ˵עУϢ±һǿĿⶢŶɽ纣ˣǵЦޱȡ
ˣ
ǿĹӶ䣬ǵȱŵһԣǾǷ޳áǽܹӶʱֻҪԷĳ۸ߣʱ˺Լ˶ԸԭĹ
ƾַʽ˷ۼ˴ĲƸŷչֵز
˹֮ս彫ҪԵǳˮһĴʳˣǲֹʵǿԶԶľӡҪǣͱдҳϵļӶ»䣬߸޳ܵģĲ䡣
һսˮǽһ
ɱӺ˲гĵһֻĹӶʶԼҪԣ׵ѴƾӵĴۺͺܱ»ս󵹸


857 ͿʯϢ
ˣƵûһ˸˵ֻΪ˵Ļڵģ
˵ֱⷬĻɫڣ͵ض仰ͷȥ
ɱ
ƵɽХһ۾ɱڣʱѾı䣬ǰ˾ԲóȻĺʹƵľӿսٲô
һѾı䣬Ĵ󽫾֥ķаİ˹İͼѾı䣬һʱһĴ󶼻η塣
Ͼǵļ԰
¡¡
սԽԽǳص·̤˵Ŀϣÿһ˶о˳صѹеĸԿѾ͹ףһ£ڸԿ֮
ߵĵطǧɭϣһΡȻͬɽһ㡣
ɽ¥˶Լٵǰδеǿˣһս
ٲһٲʮ
ԽԽ
ɱ
ƵɷͬʱȻ۷ʱ΢΢һЦӭǵصĵˣڳˡ䣬⻷𵴣һĺ쳹أֻգۼ䣬һһĳ⻷תţţڱϯս
֮й⻷
׹һֻգۼ䣬Ѿﵽ۷֮й⻷ͬ籩һ㣬еˡϣ𾪵ĿУǧƵƤһ㣬һٵ˲һŵĵز
һɲǣɫ԰ֽиԿǾ
ɱ
ɲǼ䣬ͬɽѣеĸԿͬǧӵŶһƬҵ˴ɱȥϳûܹص֮й⻷ˡ

ǧ͸Կ˵Ϲ˱ɽȫɾҽѪƮ֣ʬҰ

֮һϢ
űǿĹӶ֮һˣƵ͸Կϻǿָ֧Կˣɨе˲䣬ежɱŮ׶°ߣеţսȫԿ˴ߡ
һ֮ΪҰĸԿˣں˵ս֮Уչֳǿս׺ݡǿη˵ӡྶͥװסԼս֮һһսУ˶ǵĶ֡
еӶ䶼Ϊ𾪡
ЩӶ𺳵ģλվڸԿ˱󶼻˵ųĻ
֮Ի⵽壬Ϊǵķ޳壬κεĹӶ䲻ԼĹӶԼⱳԼĹô˾³

ϢĹӶսսЩйΪĹӶһֲ̿ԭһƬӶΪܵ˾޴塣ͬʱԿ˵ѸҲһЩӶ俴˾޴Ļᡣ
˱֮ǵĲƱŮˡţ򣬲ûб˴ߣǸ˰˵ĸԿˣ
ΣͻͬʱţĺճĸӶԿ˲ͬĶ

ʱ仺ȥ塢ҵ±򡢳ԪԾ䡢١˶ͬһսϵĲͬһһתţΪżĺʹʳ˵ǳս׼š
һƬžڼžȴоס
ңԶ˹ظԭСɡ
¡
һɫĳǳشţǳصǰ棬£ͱᾡͻȻ֮䣬ֻһ죬СߵһǳأȻ֮䣬Ŷµĵšһɶʮɳĵţ¡һ¶԰๵ͨ
ֻһĹһһúɫĳĺͿʯӳʻ˳Χһڣ۹ɮˣǿӰһǧ
ϵݺύһģĿľĵ˺ۣط϶ѷ죬͸ѷԿںڣͺĿһʼȣӰˣûһϵģͺ޾һս
ÿ϶ˣ㲣ǵ۾ȴʼյѩ񣬾ͺϨĻһ
ڻˣ
ԶԼ˹ظԭӰ̾һʮֻԼ֪һ·ʲôŶ̫Ӱؼյĸо
߰ɣڸԭϵǡ
ӰָǰĴһ仰Ӱ͵һݵһǰ۶ȥһǧ档һǧϰʮɮˣһ·ƺƵ糾ͣǰȥ
󣬺ɫĳǳӰĿȥıӰǾء
ʱ䣬ֻ֪֧˾ʮʹСĴ˵漣
Ӣۣ
ĿĳһȥķժԼͷɫ֣أһ
Ƕߵ𾴣

˹ظԭչҵԼĺѪڸԭϣɽͰһʮҵһǧ˾ĬĬȴţûж
ˣˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һϲ
ҵһ˳ָ˹ȥֻԭ棬һ֧ѵĳسʻΪ׵ˣҵһ۾˳
ǿӰ
ڸԭվô죬紵ɹܣҵʯһûκεı仯һ̣ӰѺ˵ĳӣҵ϶Ȼ¶һ˿ϲõɫ
Ϳʯ
ֻҵͿӰףЩңԶʯǧζʲôһ֧ȱȸ㲻µһû޼᲻ݣÿµͷӲԼǿսûа취δǳսԸЩǰδеǿˡ
еĶЩȸĺͿʯӵǿսģҲصĶҵغôãĬĬȴΪǰһĻ
ӰˡүһĻһǳ˵ģ
ҵȥڿӰļϣذһ¡
Ҳ
Ӱϥ£
ţ
ҵĿ⾫ϸſӰһǧͳʱȣÿ˶һȦӵڣҲӵľȴҲӵǿһָ־һУҵĵ˵ͷһֱҪһӰϵø㣬ܹھжһ档
ڿһˡ


858 ˹أΣ
߰ɣүһȼˡ֪Ϣһǳ˵ģ
ҵ
ǧͿʯ൱ǧѴëϷ޼᲻ݵȸֽѾװǧ˵ﻹ´ˡӵһ֧ģսʤܵĿеķһ˿ġ
¡¡
֧Ѹٺ϶ΪһһѺһͿʯϸԭȻ˹ظԭǰԼĵ̣Ǹ֮ǣӵдĹԼ¯֮Ѿǰ׼͵ĳӾʦľҲѾ͹Ϳʯֻܱµȸֽ
ɣ
ӴĳӺǧ˹رʱ򣬲ϵ˹˵ͺճ֣һֻֻϷͬʱһһ˹سϳԶֲϵʧʼգҵ˶޶áЩ˹صĳҲʼֻԶԶĿţһ۾ʧҹ
ھȱһۺڵĸ֮Ǻ֧ӣ˹ر̸ɫ䡣ңڵ˹ڱҲѾٵκεľȥԸˡ
䣡
ʱ󣬵ҵѺǧͿʯ˸֮ǵʱǳһƬ䶯˶Ӣ۰Ļӭʽӭǵĵ֮Ծ䣬ĳԪԼеٵ˶׷׸˹
ƻҪһڵһ룬˶ġ
ʲô
Ӷʿ仰ֱԿ֮Ѧǧһ·ֱ֮Ƕȥû˿ԥڸ֮Ŀտøģ齨һƬ޴ȻһٶʼͣĶȸֽ
ǧͿʯ
ޣģĺͿʯװ
ܵĻԶֹˣͻʺǱߣǧɨˮԴأ򾫱ֱӴݻͻʺһıҿʼһв͸ͻʲʱķâɽͻʺͥǱӦ
ԸṩʮƥͻսĻӣԼͻһĳеս̵ʱڣ͵ԼȴͻʴԭϳҲٹκεͻ
Ϣ˹ѺͻĻӵĸ֮ǣ˶Ϣˡ
һͻʻҵĻӾȻֵô࣬˶ĿɿڴȻ³ҲҲ˵λĻӷǳܳ裬ȻҲҶԴȡսˣֵȻ˳ϡ
ļ𵽱ˣ
֮λز
ǵһߵߡμеһսַ²ͻĻǡͻĻӵϢҲԻ㱨ġǶʮƥսȻУŵĸо
ǵã³Ҳ֮ǰ֮ǼĹһţͻʿɺĵʮƥͻսڵıۣ㳬һ
³ҲһǸ쵰
ڤڤУһԺͻȻǸͻʵӡ쵰һĹͣĻͻߵܵвܴҲԲḶôֵ
һ˹Ŀ࿴
ȻϢԶֹˣ֮һĳһһĸģ飬˸֮⡣Ӿʦʷϣʷǰˮ·ϣЩģҪʱ䡣
ŵһ̶֧ӵĵִԴԴϵ̶Լĸģ飬׷״Ӹط͵˵ĸ֮ǡ
¾㱸ֻǷ磬ڽһµʱ֮һϵЧʡս£ңԶĵطһʳڴңԶĽֺʦȻת˵֮ǡ
嵱ĽǰֺоӽˮֳЧֺˮһ죬ʳѾ֧һֲսҪǮ
ֹˣõ֧֣Ľֲӽˮоӽֺطչ
һжźõķչ
֮ս󣬸ֿĵķչʱ򽥽ֳЧ

ণ
һ߿ӥռХӾ˸֮֮дֻ峤߶ӥֻһܣͷȥ˳ӥյķֻεض𣬸Ƶ˹ظԭжΣһ˹سս˸֮ǵķ
ĽǶȥֻ֮Ũֱ̹ʣıãȫۼææµµһƬȻļ
˹سһУĿһۣסзӥգһ仰û˵ת˹ظԭ۶ȥ
Ƭֻ֮঵һХֻ˶ӥձٴδӴڿնֻһΣǳķ򣬶Խصĸԭһ·˹ص۹ķȥ
ʱ仺ȥ޴ӥմƺױһ֮ٴδƲ֮д¡ӥղûнԽȥ뵽һطϣһ׳˶ӰĬĬȴš
ˣ԰ɡ
һֻƣס˿зµӥգͬʱһֻ˺һ⣬ιž޴ӥȥһУشӥȡǷֻǿһۣǰ˹ȥݸһӰ
Сȷʵ˹ص۹ĵˣΰ£ȻҪȡжˡ
ç֧ӹż㣬ϸһۣɫ̲סѿ֣һ̾
ϧˣȱһۣڱıɥѾûʵвˡĻһʱҵ鷳
ç֧һĺڡ
Ϊ˹ص۹¤ͱ󽫸溲ֵʱ򣬶ûгԹôỊ̇ȴСڻ룬ʱ̫³çˣһӵĳ衣
˵ЩѾˣǰˣͻҲˣѾûܹвѾһҶٲֹǣԺ˹صıҲ岻ԭˡ
š
ص˵ͷ
ڵķչһж˵һģһ߰ɣҪСӣжϰĺԮشҲֻܹõˡ
ç֧͸һ˿𾴵ɫ˵ͷͻһ𣬳ŲԶһҰɫĸȥ
˹ص۹ִĽһֵط

ʾƣλ˹ص۹Ĵ󽫣粢ż磬ĵʰ¡һƬʪ谵ֻǽÿĳһ֧Ļɢ΢Ĺâһǽվ·ʯһ㣬һֻһ׺ݵĿ⣬֤ǻź
غͶç֧鸴ӣû˵ڵͨһ·ŵǰУΧšڵεΨһһηУ˼Ǹˡ
һεդֻͷɢڣίضΪòܻϴɢһŨҵζȴƺȫоĿĿضŵ棬
غͶç֧߽ʱԼָڵ쳣ƵĻʲô߹ȥֻεĵ飬Ǹͼ֡ţЩһռηǽ϶ˡ


859 ϴǦĴޣ
ЩеĻغͶç֧ܹǾ󲿷ȫ
ȻŵֺͷţԼηӰˣλ˹ص۹Ķ󽫣вû˿ӣ𾴣ֻΪǰӣһݣ
˹ذϵĴ࣬ޣ
Դսʧܣ޾ͱؽĵ˻غͶçֵ֧۹󽫣ܹӴ
ç֧ʹ޷ͬϵƽؽӴֻ֪࣬һλǻۺıԼһκͻһڵ¼ʱ򣬶ç֧ţͷɢԷоλţİࡣ
ç֧ڴȴʧ飬ڻ˵ģܹʹƵķç֧Ǵʧֱһǰǳ˹֮սç֧֪ԼǴشˡ
״̬жˣ
ç֧һʵ
ؽѾһʱˣ˵ʲô˷Ҳһֱûж
乪ӻش
ç֧ŤͷƳһۣȻڼεſڿ˼Ѿʳ
֪ˣȥɡ
ç֧˰֣䡣
ȥָֻ˰ֻ´ָڵϲͣç֧ͻվڼ⣬һĬĬؿţ˭ûо
ҪܴƵǸ󶼻ı˹غʹƵֻ֣пˡ
ç֧ԺһͷĿʶ޵Ҳ࣬һ飬ǳӵĵͼһЩԱʶ֡
˹
ç֧һ۾ͱϳŵͼĵĳС
һ֪׵Ϊڷ˹ç֧ȴ֪ͼֵʱ˹֮սҪһ¡ֻϧͼΧֶ˹ظԭѾʧĴ󱽽ֹ֣ϵ֣˴֮⣬˹ص۹ûʶ
ç֧Ҳһϲ
սܣؽҲкüˡϵϾ˭˹֮սûбѾԤϵ˴ʳʹ֮ⳡսսĵص㶼Ѿƶϵˡֻϧޱؽ˵ΣĻȱһۣİĻһлȻͬâҲòˡ
âܣç֧¶һ˿˸еɫԶʹ
ʱ仺Ĺȥ֪˶ã޵ͻȻһ£ç֧ͻػһ֪޼ѹ
ˡ
ͷҲ̧
࣬һжϣҵǸӻ˷죬󶼻λá⣬󶼻֥ʳΧڣǸƵȫ׼˹
ڼդ
࣬Ļ𣿡
ʱδ
޵¼̧ͷۿͷɢͷ¶һΪͲԵЩ԰׵סɫ㲣˫۾ȴ͸ޱȣ͸ǻۺɡ
ȻޱȣҲûǷźͿݣǻ֪ԼеǸ˳ᢣʤǧİࡣ
ڻҳȥʱǶֱֵԶĻҪһ˿һĶо쳣ǵļƻǰ
ֻ̧һ£ͷɿԼǰִɨɨϵĻҳž
⣬ҪٳƺˣѾֻͣôֻаһ;
ǣ࣡
صͷ
ֻ֪е־֪ЩʲôҲΪˣԻزŻԽľء˵ģǽӴģսѷ֣˵˹ص۹һܹĻڲңӲԶĵ۹֮⣬¾ֻǰĴˡ
ç֧Ѿüˣȱһۺʹâܵ𣿡
޵ͷָڵϻţͷҲ̧
ǣ
ç֧ɫȻһ˿ʹ࣬ȴûзϡ
Ҫٹ˼ǰĵʧʱʱҺһǻǵʧܣʲô仯
޵
ǣֻһʮĺӣѵ޷սʤ𣿡
ç֧
㲻ѾԹ𣿡
޵»졣
ç֧ʱĬˡ
ԹˣҲԹˣҲżȻʵȻҪһˣҲɰһڽƣܹһеԼΪģ֯һž޴˵ˣ𣿡
ƵȻӼΣǸ˵ĸоȴǽеһж۵ףһС
ç֧ԽȻˡ
Ըϣֱȴ˵ĶǶԵġ
֮¤֮սȱ֮սսѾʧȥսƵʸһ㣬ζı䲻˵ġͻҶǶͻҲѾвսһǧ꣬ͻ˴ûʤǿѾսʤˡ
޵տԶһ˫۾·͸һУ
ڣΨһĻġ
ç֧ͻŴǸħԵָڵϣڼεǸ˹ĵͼϡ
£Ψһûкʹ˽ֵģֻдʳˡǽΨһĻᣬҲĻᣡҲڼоóĽۡʳ˶޷ֹǣôӴԺ򽫾Уûκ˿Ժĵλ
ﾲģǻػǶç֧˭û˵˶ڴ޵У˵û֪⼸µʱ䣬·̡
ʹڰϵ飬ҵĻأڳ޵ʱһʺеȫͬͺһһˣ֪
ֻڼεĴޣѾϴǦ֮ǣҲӵĿ¡
ʮϵսʿΪһƬ֮صİϵԭڵĴޣǸ겻֪ȻϻʤȴҲһΪԼһӿµĶ֡
ˡ
֪˶ãç֧»죬ڹ˳ĵԼͷ­ǶԴ޵أҲǶԴ޵ĳ
ģӴԺһȫϴжֻǣһһ⡭
ç֧㵽ֹڵ⣬һϴ裬ܴƣ˹ص۹ƾˣûκεıɳɲ顣Ͼսǿ֮ĸս
ڣȱľǱ


860 ʮƥս
֮սϵıɥʧȱһۣıͬڿλ󽫣һλ࣬¸ûʲôǰò⡣
ͲصˣһѾ׼ˡ
޵ƺϵç֧ʵһ˵ţһ߲ƳդĻһۡ
ç֧һͻ͵ŤͷԵĻءʱͻؽϣӰ룬ʲôʱ뿪ȥʲôһûпȥʲôˣ֪ʲôʱı
ǣç֧Ҳ֪޾˵ٻ
ܱǸҲûаȫ鶼㡣
سĬƬ̣͸һ˿ǸȻ
ǰѩɽȥ֮ǰҾѾմķԸȥˣҲҵ˲ٵı˹Ѿˣʧ˴ıںʹƵսУûӮѵĶǶ˵ˡǺһҪı״ҵһᣬ׵Ļƣ˹ء
˵ţŤͷżεһ۵
ɣ
ε£һƬţƬ֮һӰ׳˶ҳ͸ŨŨɷѪϢ˳
ɴ󽫾Υˣ
Ӱ߳ǵӰç֧ɲǼ·ʲô¶Ȼɫ

峿֮һеĹȫ˳ȥ˷еĹԴȫΣֻһˣվУΧǶѻɽȸֽߣһȼյ֦ϣ˿š
ЩδΪ֮ԣͷľ˿̻һƬڣ֪ۡҪ˶ãǾͻһѰѺ˸ˮħԻƵ
ˣ
Χ¶Ⱥʪȱ仯ȸֽĴҺϸҪ󣬱峿һ֮ǰдֻһɲǣϸաңȸֽĶ죬ʼĲ֮أֻΪԼͬʱҲΪ˲ʳ͵ȥ
ԵΪֹȻȸֶǰ漸ȫ̸ġҲؼļڣʼռԼԲ
ˣ
һƺƵŷͬӺһ㣬סһСɽȸֽߡˮĽһͨȸֽ߽Ӷ׷һ޴
װֻ֪ĴҺֻͣŨ̹Щȸֽ֮ױ涼ð˹Ũ̡
ȸֵĴԸڵҪ󶼷ǳĿ̣£ÿһȸֽҪһȥ岻ͬǶʷϣʥ伶Ķǿ߲뵽֮
ֱݳޣ
ǿΪ¶ȡʪȣԼڵ˽⣬һٱȸֽҲֻĵ
ʱ仺ȥ޴ֱ棬ðŨԽԽ٣ڡ

ˮĽĿ£һӸ׵ƿնؼա΢£ֻӽٱͬȺһ㣬ζšţشţһסĹâ
ĹâǿһҲ˾÷·۾Ҫһ㣬ȥڷĽϣҲ·г롣
һĻκοΪ֮ޣ
ȸֽ
ӽٰȸֽĿ£ڳˡ£Ҳֻ顣
ɹˣ
һɣһ͹ӣ˫ȸֽ˵ϲá
һ̰壬ֲʵӹɵģûгֵıʼղԽǵʵӵ£ҲĲǣȸֵ鼱ˡ
ⲢĿʯҲû󡣶ĳأɽֿʯĲҲǳǳĵͣѶȼ󣬴֮ͣǰõĻټó׵ͨʳжϣʧȥˣҪһԻ6000Ϳʯǲܵġ
ЩȸֽĿԺʹʳ۹ľˣԷҲûжĹϵˣ
̧һ죬ץһѷȸֽа
ǣɡЩȸֽԷַĵˡ
ͷҲ̧δ䣬һٰȸһ룬ŵ˵ϡһУתȥȸÿֻܴһǶʱ䣬ٸҲ첻ˡ
ǣү
ߵʱ棬һֱŵҲӦһƿӣ첽˽
ϲ2000㽱

ʱһϤͻȻԺ֮ʯѣоһȻͣ˽Ų
ô£ôͻȻ㣿
ȸֽҲǵһˣǰûй֪ܿԼˣ֮ʯĽȸָûκεĹϵ
ϣ
廹û߳һҵ˻ͻȻ֮֮ǵϿ𣬿ʼֻһǳǧսһ˻¡¡֮ǵĵ·ɸһ㣬ĵڤڤУ֪жƥսŸ֮ǰŰΧ
ǡ
һϸ룬Ϊһ磬ӷ˳ȥ
󿪵ĳţɽ˺ĹѾӳ˳˵Ŀȥֻǧսƥڳ⼤ҵ˻šȥããһƬͬһ㣬ԵĹ㣬ڳսٶʮƥ֮ࡣ
үһˣ
ͻȻһſĴЦעսǰˣ³ҲһƥսԶԶسֱۣ˵ĴС
Ȼôˣ³ҲϳȺе塣
գ
㼱٣³Ҳһƥƥսм۶ھŻʮɵʱһԾȵͣߡ
үҲҰսˣ
³ҲһЦһƣһֺõ
ܹʮƥսȫˣ˵ү׼ǰЩսӦÿóˣͻǱ߱ȫɽ͵͵ıһˡܹһƥĸһƥүԺͿԽԼˡ

һΪϲһߺݺݵĺ³Ҳļ
ˣ
ͬͻʽжƺͽˣͻʺҲս϶ԴƽϸķȻȻսĽףеĸƷֵĹȫڽֹ׵УұеĲѭš
³ҲŪ˶ĹĸûбģôһԹĸľͿԽԼԼս
ȻⲻϽеĿǶ˵Ҳڱеġ˹ظԭǣѾռƬٳȻ֮ء
ǣ˰Щһ£Ҫõ£г͢ս³ҲߣΪ칦磬Ϊһף
лү



861 ͢飡һ
ʮƥսܿ͵֮ǣҲԼͻĻ˳ȥͻʴԭϵǧҲܿ쳷˻ˣɾʷģĻװ

³Ҳ㵽ôģʮƥɲСְСȫ¶ǽģҲֵôడ
԰ôսүҲ𾪣Ҫ֪ҿǸźү֮սģսңΣյʱ򣬺үûüͷ
ֹҶ֪ʲôɣϴʲ֪٣ǿǸְǵյϢʱҲԾˡ

֮ƻͨЩͺ³Ҳ񽻺õ³ҲΧһһ֮顣
ٺ٣ǣҸ˵ܡ
³Ҳ˸ãЦеӵ
³Ҳ˵Ҷֵܣ͸
һ
ǿɲУҵܣҪǸˣԺô⣿Ǿʹ°ɣ
³Ҳ
³ҲС˵־ӣֱ޵һȺ˻ཻһɫʱע⡣
³ҲˣֵǾһ
Ҳһֵ˭ͷ㣬˴ˡ
ǣҶ³Ҳ񣡡

һһͣظ³Ҳ񾴾ơ˷ϲ¾ˬ³Ҳǵʱоƶ߲ܣһһϵ¶ȥأ³Ҳʣһһ죬֪ȸߣԽԽ
Ҹ˵ͻھûҸ㲻£ΪĻӵ£ҿȫˡͻھǺ绽꣬ܡ
㣿ôܣһǴ
һ⡱Ĳš
ôܣ
³Ҳֱּܵ˲ӣ۾Բˡ
ǲҸǣɳ޿ɺӢţʵֻ΢һɳ޿ɺ󹬵ЩӣرĻӵĸ׿ɶأͽˡ룬ɳ޿ɺһŮ߲ͣĴ磬ܵˣ
Ŷ
˻Ȼ򣬻Ϊ³ҲͣԭǿŮˣ֮ǰȫͬյ׽ҿûʲôȤʱһɢ
ιιιȥһû˵أ
³Ҳںе

ңԶɽͻʺͥ
ĻӵɽںɽͿɶĸۣҲ֮Բ
ֻǣŶʮս뿪ͻʣǰͻʴԭͻȻտ˺ö࣬úö˲ɵȻʧϵĺˮ˼ּ⣬û˸ҷʲô
ȴûж֪ҹĻʱɽǰɽĿɺӰţûеƣ˵Ŀȴ·͸ʣ޾Զ
ˣΪʲôҪͬ³Ҳóȥʮƥս
Χʮûһˣɳ޿ɺţͻȻڵ³ҲⷬһᱻϣľƶųһֱΪɳ޿ɺ֮ԻͬΪԼɳ޿ɺЩӡѹ֪ʵȫͬ
ɳ޿ɺͬˣΪΪˮ
ǺǣɺǸ̺Ȥ𣿡
ˮںڰ͸һ˿Ѱζζ
Ȥ
ɳ޿ɺüͷ˺³ҲֵģЩӣдΪ⡣
ֻһСѣصСţʱԽɱˡ
صС
ˮҡҡͷ
ɺˣصСԾȳĻ𣿡
⡭
ɳ޿ɺʱ˵ϸ룬ں³Ҳ֮ǰʵѾǸ֮ǵ˽˺ܾãһֱûʲôչҶԷһ̸ֱܾһҲͰˣֱɱȥͿԣǸ֮ǵǸȴǿɱġ
ʵϣҶǶսѾ˵⡣
Ȿһ֣Ǹ³Ҳ֮ĻĻˡһ㣬ɳ֮ǰûϵ
ССôصСܹĸ֮ȳĻӣǲ飬㹻𣿶ңʮƥսɺʧޣԭϵսܿͻᷱ˺³ҲС̣ɺȴܶһʹ֮Ĺͨδ˭֪ͨʲôóأ
ˮ
ɳ޿ɺ˼ͷ̲סһ̾
޻Щš
ɺǲʣҲܼ򵥣ٵһȾͿˡ
ˮЦЦһ˫ڵ۾ҹɫ˸ĵĹâ⡣

ʱһɳ޿ɺ˽ڽɫ
˼󽫾Ѿƽܶղңͻֺ֧ܶѾ⣬ҲҪҽϵıͥԼͻϵɽ
ⷭɳ޿ɺʶԵĺˮ
ˮЦ

ʱ仺ȥս˹򻹱һƬƽʱԭһƬĳϣȴĽ
ˣԮѩһ㣬Ѿʮ⣬֥󽫾˹͢뾡
̫һԱе
ֻһССս۶ѣ֥󽫾ֻûаܣϣ㼱ʲôѵƻ򲻹һССʳ𣿡
߾һǸީСǰ㾡ȫ֮һث󽫾ս޲ʤ޲ˣҲһֹǿǿùҵĴС𣡸֥󽫾óսôãڶûϢҪǳʲô飬㸺𣿡
ƣһûϢս󽫾սܣϢʹ˳͢ô򵥵ĵ㶼𣿡
¤شݺʧأͻʧأʧأ¤ͻܵввʦİȫôʳ˹أͻʵıȡ¤پʦ£ǽƵĳ裬ǽ￶ԵˣǴƵﳼҿǵʱԴ

伤ҡ
˹ʼûз͵ֵزÿ˶ΪԸ֥һɻܴʳˡϾԸ֥սλսûаܹʵķչȫͬ
ĸ漱ԽԽ֥ʿһװݣȻڻ˹һսһ߾սҲͰˣʵˣϣ¤ϣ¤Ǿʦϡ
֮Զһ·Զ˰һȻΪ˿չʾƵĹҲΪ˱¤;ʦİȫʥʣ
ô꣬ƾŰϣ¤;ʦһֱûгֹ̫ı䶯ʧأôĺȴ˲òǵġ


862 ͢飨Ӹ
Σֻһĵ֮أ˹֮ǣ뾩ʦʮǧѵԺÿΰ漱ǶҪ㾡ȫ֮ȥ֧Ԯǻ֮أûаѵҪΪһȺ֮˲ƣľƵĹ𣿡
Ŵ磬̲ס
ǳ͢ʷڵ͵Ĺ٣ĹһǼķսɣ˹֮ΣԮ͢ﷴԵ٣ķ
ߣ֮£һλ۹󽫾۹ĵ۹ʿ˹ôѵԼȣ֮ǲеı߽漱Ƕһӣʱ飬Ϳ̿˭𣡡
һ佫Ӱ˳һߵ˹ò棬͢սһֱ١
֮ǰ廹Ǵƣֻ֮ǰûͣЪһ˹飬ó֮Ĺϵ˲١
ڵĹؼǣ֮սŸոսãصĶϢ֮Уô̵ʱʲôȥ֧Ԯ͢رһڱ֮أʦԼ½֮أûʲôıʱ飬룡ڵǶڰԮ֮ǸˣҲޱɣ
һĳڿȥ̲סڵ䣬˵Ķ߾һ
壡
͵͵ģ͸һ˿ųƺǣ̫˵ע⡣һ䣬ôͻȻһƬžغĳҲסˣͻȻ֮˵
¤ͥϣĴ󶼻ովս٣ֻܱأ޽֮Ĵͱ࣬ʢĵطиҪӦԵǿˣȷȷʵʵ鲻֣Ҳܳ;ԶԽ룬ʹʳ˽ս
ͬ
ǰĺ󱸱ԴأĴ󶼻Ƶļ󶼻УҲֻ֧ܳԮǣͬʱܵ˹غͻʵ˫вʷһֱڱصĵλ˵֧Ԯ
ǣڲ֮ǰ˹غͻʵһȱսۣһ߽˹ضвеһս߽˶ͻʺв
ڵǰδеİȫλûκεıвǡ
Ϊ󶼻Ҳ֮ͨǰ֮սԼս֤Լ˽£ͱΪ۹ġڰ˴󽫡ڱϵӹɣȫԶһ档
˵Ҫ֧Ԯ˹ĸ֥ͰûбʵˣҲ۹̫Ӱ졣
⡭
һ̣һ򷴶սغĹٶ˵ˣһ¶˼ɫ
飡
һöӡ£ڱϣѸٵһöӡǡִһ֮󣬵һΣƵĹٺϵǰδеٶȴһ£
󶼻壬ȫ֧Ԯ˹ʡϱ͢Эͬȫϣ
ĺ֮ǰһֻŸ飬Ѹٵķ
һ̣͢£ƣ˶Ŀ⼯е䵽ϡ֧ܲԮȳΧ˹ĸ֥Ͱȫˣ

ԽشأۼңԶ˸֮ǡ
䣡
һĺ죬ڸ֮ǵĸ䣬Ļ¯Ũֱ̹ʡո£ֻ֮УĹ飬Ͼۣڸ֮棬ɱ죬ǧıڳɵ˫񡰳ɱ
ЩǴƵľӣһӥĿӶˣа˸Կ˺󣬽˴ѵӡӴĲƸϴƵļ˴ĹӶ
Ӷ۵£˸֮ѵĹӶûоϸľѵսʱϲһӵϣ·ⲢҪģʳ˲ͨĶ֣ƾЩں֮ڵĹӶѷӶá
صذļ˸֮ǸҵǽѵֻҪ򵥵󷨼ѵЩӶ˵̥ǵı仯Ҳδ˹֮սԴʳв
Ŀƣ֮ǵ࣬޴ϣһ߾߾޴ĳһſÿһ飬ͣң׼Уԣ䣬Ȼֻһ죬һܼ꣬׷˶ӡ
һָĸЩµһ񵾲һ׷ѡ
䣡
һһ֣һһÿСһٴ֮һ̣˶ȫעɫޱȡǰδеٶȣԼġС顱ƻ
£ǶڿɵģеӴΪļƻṩı
Զĵط󣬳ףһƥƥս˻ţһƬҵǧѾ˻ص˸֮ǣԪǧҲͬѾع飬֮ڸ֮пչ˼ѵ
ѵͬһȫµ󷨣˹֮ս٣ÿ˶֪Ես֥޷κεĶ֣Ҫǿ󷨲սʤǡ
Ƶ֮м䣬һɫ㣬ܵɷǷĽϣһ洰򿪣ֻһüĿݿʣֲ֮ʧصĬĬ
⣬ҵУһֻŸͻȻһ㣬ӣǰϡ
ţ
忴Ÿ룬Ŀһʶ֣⿪ȣȡż㿴һۡȻһۣ䣬۽¶һ˿Цݡ
ڵˣ
һ˿Ц⡣ôõʱ䣬֮󣬳͢ڵó˽ۣŸԼɱļȨ
һֱεġ
ûָ͢ԼһⳡսڴƵ壬õűµľһоʹͬԼԳ׵ķſֽˡ
٣ʱ䲻ˣµʱӦ㹻Щ顣
忴еı飬а
γ͢ıȨǳеıǮԴᣬ֮ǰκεһλ󶼻󽫾δܹġҲףȨƵģ͢ȨԼУʵѾ˵ܹṩİǳޡ
͢ʵĻϣԼܹΣĸԼ
΢΢ϣܹ͢Ӧʡ
ʣһظ͢ϣд֣죬Ժһͷ漴ѸԼ׺ʹ֡ƾսڱȱϢ֮ʣ󽫸溲ﶼҪԼ֪Ƹﶼ̫á


863 һִ
ټ֮ǰ֧Ԯϣ˹ͻϮĵ˴½ò׻ܵǵڵĳܹ͢ɳıʵޡ
ʱȻľԼĸ׺ʹ硣
׺ʹ߼ӦȻǲȴǾþ飬Ѫĥ³ľؼ˹֮սʹʳսӦܹáǲƾЩԶԶԶԸʳ۹ı
Ժд˷ϱӹ˹֮սϢ֥Ͱ˹һսʳ˾ۼʮıʳ˱˹˸ӵ׺սƾЩԶԶġ
͢½Щûоսã±ȥƱĵطǱ󶼻ثҷͻǾԲҵģҵҲ̫ңԶ̫ԶˡͥǱߣ˼˳ܰҲһҽڣ¤溲ԼԹ˲Ͼֻˡ
ʱΨһܵģҲֻа϶ˡϵѾһگ۹Ѿƣ϶Ǳûʲôвˡ
˼Ƭ̣ܿд˰϶֡ʱڣҲΨһ뵽ˡ
һҪģʳѾеͽֺӽˮس͢æҪĻǽսǲƸսĵģǽЩͿļĹӶҲǶʱʵõİ취
һһһ֣һд֮վżҪͲ֮УͻȻ֮䣬֮⣬׶һ󶦷е
壬ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ٵԶԶĴӸ֮ǵĳǽϴ
ʲô
仰𣬼ֱԼĶ䡣ಣż㣬崩ӣ͵ط˳ȥ
Ƭ֮󣬳⣬ɽ˺֪ͨ˵ˮ·ӿЩüĿ׺ɷϴ·ҲȫͬȻһɽˣһĻ˵ˣ嶼סˡ
ܿ죬ͱЩɽǰһӰסˡ
磡
ϲ˹ȥֵܺݺݵıһ
Сܣˡ
õɫϲû̫Ĳ˫һǧ֮ȴ͸˿˿ů⡣
ĶѹסϵĿѪ֢߳˻ʹеļΣһ·Ӿʦˣշ·ϴɽˣ˰˾ǧı˶û뵽ģ֮ʿ
õĵһһԴԴϵı˷ȸϵֹԺˣպɽ֪ӢǬ²áׯƽΤ˼ȫϵ
ЩֹԺδǡ֮ǰ׷ɵϣͥԼطѪĴ򰾣ÿ˶˳Ľ
ҪٶͨˣĸԼٶȸھʦǱ׼˴˱ӣʱ䡣
һ࣬ϴ󶼻ͨܵһҲˮ˼Դ˰ǧİ϶ǰˡ
лǧǾǸصĶرĹأͨǲı塣
ͨȫѪаĹ顣
ֹˣܱԽܹıҲ࣬͢Ǳ߻Ƕһıͬĸ׺ʹ磬ϵİ϶һͬˡ⣬͢İǽǮ档
һγ͢廮һǧƽĽԲȯЩǮ㹻Ӷһı
ʱȥÿһ춼дıϵ˵ĸ֮ǣƴȫʱܣÿһ첻֪Ÿ룬ӥ˹ǰ鱨ͬʱ廹ó͢һǧƽ𣬴ļǿԼʵ
ЩƽӴСɹӶһǧ
ڣֻˣ
˸֮ǣĸۡУӴ򿪣忴һҪ÷гһ̾ڵ¾㱸ֻǷ磬ȻѾ˴׼Ǯȸģ嶼Ѿˡ
һ˿źǾ
ǿ壬֮ӵ˴ǰ䣬ЩȻ޷Ƶģ֮һǰѰѾкܳʱˣӦûˣǲ֪ΪʲôڶûϢ
֪ôˣ
а
˿Ҳ֪ƵĶңԶһˣʱһ֧ǰδеǿ󴬶ӡ
ÿÿҪˣ
ģļҵĴӣˮôôװ˶ٻﰡ
ûҵŶʶûʶ


ͷϵĹһԾ¥ߵӴ¥һ׷ȥ
ž
ͬʱһ¥һܳݴ¥һһ紵ڵĴԱ˳ݻϤ磬һſֱ۹Ц
ֻˣ
ЩԱ֮һ߳ģøְǼӹ̵ľڻУ¥ϸ߸ȻһƽɽƬ̵ĳ֮һݣ侫Ӱ측ԭľŵһˡ
һƾɵĽɱӵַܵɡĺƯķɫҲ˪ĺۼһ˫۾ȴǰδеľŻš
࣬ط
վľŵĩˣֶĿǿҵĺӹͷ衣ϵϢȶأͺںϺ˼ʮ꣬о֣ţʵֻһʮһˡ
£һپ٣һõܣϣûĺȡ
ĥ£ϵĥѣĿ᲻Ӧ׵ĵҲңȻСҵְÿ˶ְȨάȻתڷֱ
ڵңìĲ壬һҫ۵ĴڣҲάϵٹĹؼ޿ȡġԼìĩβìȻÿ˵òͬȴͬá
£ҲıͼƻֻԼķʽ֧壬֧ԼõܣԼҡ

ʯ䣬ЩͷԺһܿͻع˵ʾͺһѳʵĳıšת˻֣ͬʱȵ
ʼжɣ
һ̣¥𶯣һСģһһѵľţѸٵͷж


864 ˣ
֪ʵΪ֮𾪣
ڶ֪ûгţŸûмôܹ֪ǧĺ棬ô¶һ㣬ʵνΪ棬ͬʱԻ󲻽⡣
ˣһȴȷɡ
Щ¶ںϵʵ̫ˣڵŷʱ򣬻ô¶Щ˷ֵСϣ;ܡ˵ʲôʱͱЩĻϲˡ
ϸļ֮ʱı˴ӵĳˮߣ¥ԭҪ˵Ļֱһˡ
ҲĴԭʱôãŵִƵԭ

ֻһӺӵ쳹ͷĴԱϣʼæͷж

䣡
ִϢһֻŸɵˣ֮һƬܡƻ֮һҲɡͿԴ᲻ɴݵףҲֲˡ
ȥþеҴϣҹͣٶȽ˵֮ʱĶ첻ھʦɣȫڸ֮ǽУ
֮УĸۡյϢ徫һֻӥӣһ㣬˳ȥʧھʦķ
Ӿʦ˵ˮ·ϣͻȻƳЩСɽѰҹͣŸ֮Ƕȥһ·ͣ˿֮·ϣɽˣΪ٣Ϊ˻Щİȫ
Ķãһ·Уշ˴ɽˣʱڷӳЧ
ʱ˿̣Ĳѳɣ֮ǾһεĴУʡ׷зӵȥ
𣡹
ѵҹͣ쳹һԸ֮ΪģѾۼӶǧĸԿʿһǧӴСɹӶƷ棬ۼǧȫװĸϺʹϱǧ֮սİ϶һ͢ǲܼʮǧ˵Ĵȫۼڸ֮һء
⣬廹ó͢һǧƽ乺˴ţڲڲ
֮⣬ʳеģ飬ڸ֮Ƕѻɽ
֮ǳΪһʵսһɲǣԶ˹˶ܸоõ֮ŨҵսϢ
սһ
ʱ仺ȥʱԽԽͬʱ룬ԽԽ룬Խ߰˰ľ룬䵽ңԶ˹֮ǣֻ˿֮·ҪʱΧѹѹһƬͲ
ͲһƬ޾ĸ˹֮Χһһ㣬ˮйͨ
žûзһ죬ѹֵռֱϢ
ˣʳ˽Ѿǵߴηˣˣǵıûм٣ԽԽ࣬ɱ꣬ʿǿҪ֧Ųסˣ
ߴ˹ǻֺ׳򣬵һ̣ȴѬǣǽݺύǱĺۼߴĳǽϣһߴĲ͸֥ü¶ĽǺͲ
֪ˡ
֥޳ƮɫĿע·ãã纣Ĵʳһӽµʱ䣬֥ķ˪ɫǿ˭ţǸԿţų޲ˣս޲ʤս
ΪƵ۹Ĵ󽫣ͬʱҲսʥ侳۷ĸ֥֪նɱǿĶ֡һҵս֥ϵһѪҺûմȾ
ϣܹвֵ֥۹󽫵ģָ
Ȼڣֹ֥½մѪؿڵĻľˡʥͣ᲻ɴݵġסһָӷı϶ѷ졣ѷиʳ˰ɫѪ
Ϊͳ˧ĸ֥ˣоս֮ҺͲпᣬ֪
սʮ꣬Ķ֣֥δ뵽ԼԼһǿĶ֣˹ֺĴʳӣ
յĴΣ
֥ڳǽ˸о˿
־еĴ⣬Ǻʧǧ»ʧǧʧǧΪֹֻʣ򲻵⣬൱һֵ˱ˣǼֲ˶ˡҪԮ
һ
Ǳ߻ûϢ𣿡
֥ƽ
ǣ
òĲҧ
ǲͣԮÿžѩһɳȥ⽫Ǳ߻˵Ѿȫ͢ԮԮΪֹʼûеˣȥ⽫дţϢ
ˡ
Ԥϣ֥˰֣Ȼܾˡ
ˡ
仰һ㵣˴סˡ
ҵӽԺеԮŶٷˣΪѾޱˡ
֥
仰ԵĲģҲ˵
֥û˵ӹһ˿ӵɫĿ⻺ɨأ޾Զ֥֪ԼˣһսʵѾˣѾûϣԡ
һսپһսǽʯ˹֮ǣ֥ΪԼսûκεĴΨһĴǵ͹ԼĶ֡
һɽݶ벻ƬϻкʹһǿĶ֣
֥Ժд˷
ǿĵ۹Ǹ߾ͻʡ˹أ޷֮ƥУǸ֥Ժһֱٹ̵ͷսֹ꣬δΪ۹Ĵ󽫣Ĵ󶼻֥ҲʳҲ֪ʳԶǿԼǿĶ֡
֥δСʳǣںʹʳһֵ̣֥֪Ǳжôǿ
ʼĶʮһֱڵʮ򣬲ұֹһԶԼĻҪֲǿĶࡣⲢһǿһ㣬ߺ˹ص۹Ķ֡
һʹһֲġȻ
ҪսʤһǿĶ֣һܹġ
ս£ʼʱ򣬸֥Ҳϣſƾ辫װ˹֮ǵļ̣Եֿסʳãã纣Ľӭ͢Ԯڣ֥ѾԽԽףһǲܵġ
ڵĴѾޱã
¤ͥϡΪĴ󶼻û˱ףĵĶ֡ʳ̫ˣΪǸûôĶ̫֡ˣΪΧ̫̫Ķ֡
ƿʮıȴΪΧڶ࣬
ⳣȷʵ˵͢ӦǸ֥ףֻһ԰ˣ͢Ѿޱ£
Ǻ͸»ӵˣʵڽ˹֮ǵһ𣬾Ѿע


865 棬֮ɣ
ǣˣ𣿡
ͻȻ֮䣬һСһʯͶУͻȻ֥˶ͻȻعֻģϣ
͢Ĺ򣬰ػ棬ػǰļһ£ǰĺ󱸱Դأʱ֧ǡڣ㳯͢ȱʧϴε֮սһޱɣǱ߲б𣿡
ϴεȱһսç֧ܣâս˵е˰ǶնɱλҶǧң֮սʮѵҲֵܼ˵һжϣ

ʱô˵ڣѾϣˡ
֥û˵ĿȴѲ翪ʼǰƽˮһ
ǸС𡭡
֥Ժ˿裬ʱͻȻ֮ǰĸһţȰҪʯǸʱ򣬸֥һЦ֮ҾЩͷβĪ
һ̣һͷͻȻƵԺ
ǸӸԼţѵѾԤϵ˽һĻ
ͷӹԺ֥ܿҡҡͷȻһЦϲ˹ȫûˣһʮĺôԤϵõأ
ǧ˵ˣ
֥ڿڵ͸һֽ֮ĵȻƽ
·;ңԶǸͨ󣬾ԸǣҲѾˣΪѾŲôã
ˣ
ʱΪ֮ݡ
֥˰ֹ֣˵ȥһսֻУŻף˹ԵʲôĶ֡
ΪĴ󶼻֥һս޲ʤ޲ˣⲻָֻ˵սԺǻۣǿ־֥׵䣬һΣѾǳвϵ⣬ھ˶µļսս󣬰Ѿߵ˵;ƿݵľͷ
Ǵʿ͵˰ɾֻʨǾʨҲ޷Ӧʮ౶Լǿ֡
ʵϣڴʳ˿ܼ¼£Ѿжֵ֤Լǲûиƶ
ǧôһֱˡһֱΪĵ˹أԼЩСǽˣĻʯͻᵴȻ޴档
֥ͻȻ߿зХĿǰǰδеƽһУһֱ»ûһ̣ƿô
ʵǶˣĵ˴ЩпСҲǽߣϮŵ˹أվǰĴʳˡǱ˹˸ӵǿ󣬱ӵ̰ͻˡӵҰĺԡǲǴĸ֮
һսûκε·͢ѾޱãֻпԼˡǴϣʧأͻᾡʳ˵У򼸰ĻҵһʧأҲѵֵвĽ¤Լʦ
ԣһͫͻȻ͸˾µɫһսֻע⵽ǰãã纣Ĵʳӣû뵽һս֮顣ȻվҲֻǽһսλΪһ߾սûİʹƻʲôӰ졣
ʦ
ûһսӰôԶ
ôʳͨ¤ƾʦǾǴƵˣ
ȥ֮󣬺ʹʳһսһս˿иҲҪҴƵϣ
֥
ĩˡ

򣬰
ˣˣѾʱˣûյ˵ţ
ټĶУһصİϥڵϣͷ­أ
ʲô
ⳣ͵شλվ͸ŨŨĲ
ӦõģӦõġ
ˣ᲻Ǳս¼ңʱ䣬Բųٳû͹
սʿڵϣС
˾ɽÿʲôʱԷûһ˿һĲأԮôҪ飬Բܳʲô⣡
ⳣ崩һϮ£㲣ϸȥͻᷢѪ˿˹ս֥УϢⳣʳʳޣ˶˺üȦرԽԽΣ漱Խ࣬ڣⳣѾûкˡ
̶µʱ䣬ⳣͷѾ˺ܶİ׷ϸƺòòѾʮˣʵŲʮͷ
ȻѾƣⳣȴû˿˯⡣ز
ôⳣΨһοǰÿմ˹ľţһһ⣬޼ϡֻҪÿ춼ⳣ֪˹һаãҲƽǾڽ죬ÿ޼ϵľͻȻʧˡ
÷ⳣе˼Ĳڸ֥ô꣬Լ˧Ը񣬷ⳣָơ˴Ӳ׸ıԼϰߣһı䣬ǱȻشʱ
ˣѵѾ
ڤڤУⳣͻȻ뵽ʲôһĳ
ģΣҶһģ
ⳣײײͻȻһƿսʿӴ֮г˳ȥͷɢ䣬˷·һ㡣

ֻܾȵ˴˺սʿ

棡˵ľ񡯳µı仯֧񡮴֮ɡ
ÿһεսش۹˥ɣһ۹лĻҲһ۹˹֮ս󶼻֥䣬ʱȸ֥ˡɹ6000㣬ʧܣ۳18000㣡
棡˹֮ս˵ľ񼴽ʧܣ
棡˹ʧأĨɱ

ңԶ˸֮ǣ廹ڴ֮в鿴ɳ̣ͻȻ֮䣬һٲ£ͻȻһѪ⣬Ѫ˸ŨҵϢбһɫС죬һͣ·ʯһ㡣
֮ɣǸ֥
ʱ΢΢ɫ֥ǰ˧֮ʯͻȻҲζ˹֮ǵﵽ˼ΣյıԵ
ôˣ
һϤۻϣͻȻӶߴ
Ťͷֻɳ̱ߣϡжöһĿԼ
ûʲô
ҡҡͷԼĸ׺ʹ磬ӹһ˿ůһ˹֮սס硢磬ԼȫˣһĿڣЭΪʹƶսϱӶй룬һжԼлΪʵ


866 ˹
еһжòˣף磬Ǵȥ׼ɡ
š
ĵ˵ͷҲûж롣
٣˹鲻̫ã¾㱸Ķǰ˹ˡȥһ°ɡ
ǣס
ֱܿȥ
εжΪҺ硢ȫ㣬Ҫǡߣ֮£ͬСɣ˴жϵĸ֣Ǿ˿Ĵ⡣ڳ֮ǰٽһݣ
һɫ
ǣס
˵ͷҲӹȨϸ˵ս޸ӣһսϵʮʿȫδǧˣϱһչܴ죬ӴתȫңлݱһʷƺͺĻԻͣΪƬǿĴڡһоͿһս

Ƭ֮ݽڴӴ˳һӭ洵޵ĳ裬Ҳ֮侲ࡣ
֮ɣʱ䣬Ҳ˵˹֮ǣ֮Żƣ죬Ѿ㹻ˣ
վſڣӹһĨĹâܿ˳ȥ
ģ
ܿ죬һ˵ľ죬쳹֮ǣ˵Ļغ˲֮ǾͬһͷȻޣͻȻ֮ѹľɭϣμ˷׷Ÿߴ󡢺ΰĸ֮Ǿۼϱ϶󡢸Կ塢ӶСʮĴȫڴˣ漫
ЩӵԱߣĸӡǮӡӡҲȫۼڴˡ
սϢϣ
ؼžϸ֮ǵĳ¥˵ǰ˲Ϣ䣬˷Ŀ׷˹£ǺɫļӰΪؼҫ۵Ĵڡ
һĿҾͲض˵ᣬֻЩĻϲ⣬ΪߣҴƣԶ
ЩϣһԽĽ쳹գڳǧ˫Ŀעӣֱָ

𣡡
һ쳹أĴʮϵĴƺƵͬһӿĽӰ㣬˸֮ǳһ·ˮ·ңԶ˹ˢ¡¡һ̴زǾƾ
ʷ࣬ģӴʼˣ

ɽͽˣ
Ƶľ޴¥ϣ帺ֶʮ򷬺ϴƺƵһ·쵽߾ͷͻȻڵ
ΧһƬžûκεĻش𣬾ڿҪ̲סΪ˵Իʱں洫һģ˿
š
ȻǾĵġ
ֻһЦ
ȻǸպɽ
ʿյĿ࿴˭񣬵յһμ滹ֻ侳պɽټȴѾͻƵ˻侳ļ˱궼ܴﵽĳɹһʱ䣬û֪ϷʲôҲ֪δﵽΪġ
˵κһЩȣΨպɽϣ岢⡣ΪϵģӵС֮ġţﵽ׼ţպɽֽٶȣ岢⡣
պɽ޷ﵽеֵزǻۡʵս۹ȴӹɵģҾ˰ڱͥպɽ࣬ȴҲͬʵĳӵķâ¶ҲӵĳȣҲٹԭ
˹֮սϵش֮飬˹غͻǱ߱ضֻ˰ǧʿһǧʿаǧɽˣҲܸİΣһҪס¤Żʧأô󷽵¤Ż󿪣еİȫ¶ڵ˵֮£롣ǰߣҲܵв
Ȱڣ󷽲ȣʵںǰܹεİĴ̣Ժ󷽱Ҫס
İɣʧ
ڣպɽڵһ˵ţһߴӺ岢һɫףͷ­΢Ŀǳӡеǰ߰˵Ϣȴ࣬һɽǷȡ
պɽĻܼ򵥣ȴ൱ȡ
һҪһպɽ
Ŷ
ʮС顣պɽ
ԡ
ЦЦû˿ԥĴӦˡʮС飬ÿҲǶʮ˶ѡ˵Ӱ첻
պɽĽ̸ܿ˳¥֮ŸߴΡȻĳſڣٺǵڵš
ˡ
壬ǵǰʱˣھ͵ˡ
š
ͷȻԽˣֱ˳ſڣһѩӵ١
һ·أҵ
ţİɣһ῭ġ
ȻһЦȻǣнӹڵ
߰ɡ
һ䣬˿սһǰһѸٵųȥٿıӰǵЦȥ͸һ˿ŨŨĵǡ
Ѿٵһο뿪ˣڴʳ˹˽⣬ٻΪֻһμ򵥵ĳ֥ĵ۹ұ˹ڶûͻΧʳ˵ʵ֪
ȻٲκεĸԲжôĵǣǰٶһֱ΢Ц
һͻȻɳ΢΢۾Ŀ
С㡭
һѾС񣬲֪ʲôʱ˺󷽣ٵıӰһĵǡ
޷Ҫˡ
˵ţܿʧ˸֮ǡ

ʮӿ糱һһ˹ķӿȥڶĩβйǡ
оٶȻ̫ǣһȳһҪȥ
ŰڣĿ⿴Զ
үԸ
ߣҪ飬Ѿ˵һа˵ȥ졣ֻʱ䣬㲻ع˼ǣֱ֮ڰǡ
˵ţӻȡǷŵ˹ȥ
ĩ
ǽӹżûѸתȥ
㣬㣬㡭˸
٣Ƭ֮ǴʮУǧ̳Ѹȥ
֥סڵִս֮ǰֻܰˡСĸ»֮ˣֵΰ
˹ķа
˹ѾԽԽΣˣû⣬»ķѣܻٴݡʷı䣬˵ԸԶı䡣֥ñʵкܴ㣬ϲðǰӶںսʤսû⣬ս˳ͬ˹һ㣬Ǹ֥Լµ



867 УƸ»
⣡
ʮʻ˲ϢŸӥ˷һΧıĿע⡣ңԶ˹ظԭʮ˹Ӹ£ԶԶĿǺѹѹһƬ͵صͷȥ
ڳ𣿡
˹ԣ˿ļε£һ֨Ƶդ򿪣ڻغͶç֧Ŀע£һӰ΢΢ɢµͷ̧ͷĴӵ¼˳ȥ
ˣ
ܾĵģʲôûзһɲǣç֧ͻصĿУƬضƺһɲǣ˵ĽŲ¡¡Ĳʱ֮˹ءƺҪӭһı仯

໣
Ĵ뿪ͬʱͻʽĵطһֻɫľĺʮԶǺһһ󣬾һıԵһֱͻʴԭ
գ
Ƭ֮󣬾ھ߽ʮĵطͻʿͻȻعͷкһԴһƥɫľǣͬҴҵĳԶȥڼʱ֮󡪡
ϣ
һս˻񼤰ʯһ㣬ͻʺͥڵɽ󼤰˻һӰһ㻺ĳɽ˵ĿС
һɲǣջްɹ⣬·˵Ӱסˡ
ٹ
˷еͻʱ׷׵ͷ¶˹˳ɫٹͻжڵλ˵ơܵõͥڶͻʿ𾴵ģͻʵĻʵɳ޿ɺ֮⣬Ҳֻһ˼󽫾ˡ
ͬһͻȻսܹƵϡ󽫾ָͬ˼֮һ
ܼžţ
˼ɽĿ⾫â䣬ͬеһ㡣˼û˵һ仰ֻƥ̫ϣĿ㣬Ӹ£Ѳţɨء

һӣһ̣˼Ծݶ𣬾˵ĿУӹʮɵľ룬ɽ·Ծ¡¡սأͬһʱ䣬ǧս˻գڶ˼ĺ󷽣ǧͻɽԾһ·̳ڶ˼¡
ЩͻÿһϢ籩һ㣬ǵҶǧϸѡͻʿҲԶԶ޷֮ȡңЩͻҲȻͬǳÿһƥӵĸߴҲӵĽ׳Աͻ߳٣һƥƥ
¡¡
ս¡¡ܿʧеһս֮ƬͻʴԭҲ֮


һֻһֻŸ벻ϷɳԶӦģԶֹ˹غͻⳡսעԶֹУͬһʱ䲻֪ٵӥȸ½ȥ
߲¥ϡīСڣдССڹעⳡս
ʧ꼰㡱һսȻǴƺʹʳ۹֮ײͬʱҲϵĹҡÿҶҪⳡսԼѡ

¶ⳡսӰԶֹǴԶ
𣿡
ҹɫ֮Уһ˽ϤԣҲǴʳһܹ
ˡ֥ǱѾ£֮׼򿪿أóеľơʹʳȻأҸûи˵ķҪ׼Ƹۣʹʳ˾һս
˹ڣһ͵͵ĻӦ
쵰
һڵ͵ȭͷǹ⣬Լ˵˫Ŀӥǹˣ׺ޱȡ촽ϣƲŨܵİ΢΢һֳ˲Ұĵˡ
ľģĿ⿪ؼ䣬͸¶۾뢵ʺ͹â
˹˸֥һЩĺս֮⣬ҲֻйӶĸ»조ޡڸ»Уֻһ˼֮и»»ǿܳ
У»ΪԭϣǿڵĹӶ䡣ӵмߵĵλ
ƾˣ֥ݺô꣬Ҵ˶֡ˣ׼ʱǺһѳᣡᡭ
׺ݵ͵͵ģл졣
ʳǱ߻ظ𣿡
ظˣʳѾŵ˹˼ǵİȫ⣬ֻҪΪӦ򿪳ţͻǰʮƽ֥ʯ°ӵĻƽҲȫҡʳ˻ŵԺ򣬻֧ͳ
Ϊĸ»˻͵͵͸¶һرζ
ã
һЦ͵ӹһĨļµĹâ
֥Ͱ֮ʹʳ˾һսǾ϶֣ʳǡ֥ûǸˣ
ǣͷԸȥֵ׼֮󣬸֥Ͱ϶ͽΪʷǾκεĻᣬӴԺǴ˺Ǹ»¡
Ϊĸ»
ЦЦĵ˵ͷ͸֥ս£ܹ֧ʨҲܹ޺͸»սϼźյһʣ⽫Ǹ»Ӵͳõ

־ʱͻȻ֮һյĽŲӺҹд޺»ĲŤͷȥֻһ»ӶҴҵĳԼķ˹
ô£СֵģĹ㲻֪𣿡
üͷ֥ξϽѾ¶˾ģ󵹸꣬Ѹ֥֮ǰ֥ھµɻҪء
죬ˣոյ沿ķ飬ǵĲ䱻Χˣеĸȫƾ²ͬţսһ𣬱ǹЮţķ
»Ӷ٣鼫ֻš
ʲô
ⷬ޺ߵĲͫ״׻
ˣô飿Ÿù
޲ȻŭһѴսʿжš»ڶ࣬ƽʱʱ󲿷ֵӶ뿪䣬սе涼ں󷽡ҲΪ˸»İȫ
ܸ»ƽʱս֣ں󷽵ȻԷϢҴӹõսĸ
⣬Ϊ˺󷽵İȫ޻ںһֻӥ޻߼۴һʳ֣ٶر졣һ󷽳£ֻͨӥٶ֪ͨǰսޡ
ҲܹӦñ͵Ϯ󷽡
ƾ»Ժյս黹ûзȻôҲû뵽֥Ͱʱ򣬾Ȼᱻ˶ϳһǴƵľӡ
ż㣬ȫø»дģ滹ֻǲ֪ļǺš
쵰
һŭ쳹׵Ĵ˹ǵƽ޽żݺݵڵϣŭɶ
׼һ£Ҫȥ֥



868 Ҷǣ
¡¡
ͨ·ϣ𶯣ضҡһ˱ÿһվʮ˾Ÿˣƥţˮ·ϼٱۡƽͬЩ棬ÿһһɫ۵緫緫Լ߸ߣ˳߿һ˳ʱ򣬷緫ŵ£սӿ˱ٶȡ
һʱϵʿٶȽ緫۵֮յ˵ģ˷緫ԭģϣܹٶȽ˵˹ȥ
һ·üͷ֪
һսӰеĻҪǿҵĶ֮࣬ǰ³ҲʱǵģǸʱķգʮдʳ֧˶顢觡ӦоСǸ˻ųɾĸͷ١
νеļмһƬһӰһ·;ĳǳؼ˿ճǣһƬŵζ
ƺʹʳһսеӰ컹Ҫеĺ̶оΣգǰˡ
ŰڣΧһ߸߰ôһƬ޴ĳǳأϿտյֻܿȼˡһԶŵҿֻЩ˵ķһۣһ̣еŴصĽġ
ȸʲô𣿡
忪ڵ
غүеӥȸѾ鲼Χʮûκ쳣⣬ǽţѾɣǴԼǰһĵطǽѯǷҪǣһϣ
ȸ첽Ӻ
ˡǣӿٶȡ»ˣһ£
˵һ仰Ȼޱȡ
η¡»ⳡսĹؼ֥̫ԸˣԸΪЩӶԶᱳѡӶӶЩǿǮɻģ֥رǰڴ棬ֱԾĹ
ڻ壬һоͽȻͬȲƱսǹ֮£ϵ͢գκεʴȶǸ֮ʣΪ˧ȡ»ѴƣҪøش۵׼
⣬ȥ˱ƥƥһ£ӿоٶȣ

ǣү
ȸϹһѸȥ
ȵȸȥĿһܿ䵽ǰѹѹһƬãã޾Ĵϡ͵һ֮սĴҴææͬһο˵׼ֵһΣʮĴȫϣеҲȫλһһˮڰ޽ˮ·ϴϢ
оٶȻ̫ˣǹЩֵоٶȺȫͬնοĶ֮л൱ĳ󣬳ֳ֮ΪÿһӴ󣬶ĸ죬ÿһ߶ޱȡһ˱ֻ̨ܳ󣬽һ㣬оٶȾͿ첻ˡ
ѾڼļӿоĲ˱ϼصСͷ緫ǽƥƥлʹƥܹõֵϢ㹻ľһжΪ̶ȼӿоٶȣǰϵ˹֮ǡ
ʱһȥԽǿսվԽŨңеĳǳҲԽɱ
Լ֮ǰɳХеʹ£һƬֺ׳ԾĳǳؽӳСǳغнȻͬǽÿʮңһ̨вt̨УֻоŻʹõĶ
ǰ𣿡
а
򣬴ƱΪĵطҶȡ١յȰͬʱҲǴưڵĵطҪǰ˹Ǳؾ֮ءϱȻŰ֮ȴûлᵽԵһ档
ݣ
ͻȻһӶĩβǰȥǵ˻࿴һۣæȥ
ĽԶô£һɴζȥڿ뿪ò޴ĳǳؽ÷ǳĴֲڣ嶼һ޴ʯɣˢһһཬγ޴ϵĳǳء
ڰ꣬ǳرͱ鲼սĺۼطѬǺĲкۣһЩطܿͶʯͶļ󡣶ƵսǽǳȾһںɫ
Ҷǣ
̧ͷһۿ˳߲֣֡΢΢һ£
벻Ȼǳأ
УиУҲϤľҶǣԭܼ򵥣һʱգһʫɵĵ֮أҲԶıҶǡ
ǰƺƵһ·ҶСܵľŸ֥లڱһĳǳءҶǳŴ󿪣ûκפء
үһʯ
ھŻʮɵĵطȸͻȻָŵԵ
ͻȻͣ˽Ųһ޴ʯ紵ɹ壬ԼʱĥѾ÷ǳİ߲ˡϸΪڵԵһ˶ߵĺɫʯֻǿһۣͽסƤ
Ѳ
һ˳
ϱӣڼ֮ǰûг򡣼ǺƯӣҲûȥ򣬰Ĵ׹һⰲҪǾǡѲ
廹ʶֵʱ˵ʯ顣ʵϣֻ¸ʦ֪鱮˶ࡣΪһλǳµġ
೬
ʷϣһϵİ󶼻
Ȼʷϣһδͨ򣬽չСͳӵӰǼ֮İ೬ϣϵĵʧмһȶϽϵ꣬м󶼻ⲻ֪׷һ󶼻һǧǰͶʴֵİ೬
Զԭ֮أѹˣΪӳѲţ
೬פ˵֪ⷭźٴ־ʿһһǰͺ̣˽մľ棡೬ĵط˵ǵ幵һγĵطҲ幵ִԶĵط
ʯرĵط
ֻǺ˹һսսܣ֥򾫱ȫûʳ˵ı˳ƶǴ룬򣬵һٵģСаˡġѲƬϻشʳ֮С
Ϣ޲֪Ϊ֮ʹҲǶѣΪź
γǰ˹ҲûϵóԸ顰Ѳ
ЩͷԺзһһ˾ȵĿУͻȻӰϷ
İɣһΣʳ˾κεĻᣬ̤ƵĹţ
гأĹһаʯ֪޶ҳ־ʿѪ룬⼴ǵ룬Ҳ޵롣ܵۡ
߰ɣ
һܿ췭кһˣҶʻȥ



869 ۹˫赣ⳣ壡
ҶУҶƮ裬ɢǡ
ǳغǳȣҪ½еĵ涼̵ʯשʪʪĸоٵ࣬ʽĽҲطࡣҪǣڱططһȫһճǣԼԼһЩ̡
սͬҪκεطҪŨҵĶࡣ
ϣ
ͻȻһĽԶһɱ
ȸô£ǰôд
üйǰȸͻȻڵѾǰߣںʹʳ˼ҽսʱӦóлд
үҶеһǿǲ֪ʲôʱֵģǷǵʱڳеŻĴӡǵںսӦúܿͿԻǡ
ǿﲻǰĵ𣿷ⳣ岻ǻڸôǿ
΢üͷ
֥Ȼ˽ӽųɵİһɵİغ󷽣ЩصĴƾڣӦóοе۹˫֮һķⳣں

ȸҡҡͷͬ͸ɻɫ
ӥСӴտҶеǿ»ֹһҳһʱˡӰڴеǿҪ˶ãͿ԰ȫ
˵ͷҷⳣһʾ֪ˡ
˵ʱͻȻ㼱٣һض飬ͻȻǰ˹
үⳣǰ
Ŷ
ĿһдΪ⣬˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵룬һսǰȥ

ٵԣģһɫԣӰȻšΪ׵һòƤڣͦʱ򣬿Ϊŵӡ糤һİսʿ
Ҳ֪վ˶ˣɫ΢΢͸Щǡ
ˣ
ƥⳣһдϲǰľ񣬼ææӭȥӽµʱ䣬ⳣֱÿһ춼ȹϵһֻԼ֪ӽµʱôġ
ڵȵʮҶǺƺƵӿⳣʱд󶨡
˵ʵôʱ岻ϵѣҲɹǲǹҵĽڡһ̣ӿⳣʡ÷ⳣеܵǣΪֻܴû뵽ԮԶԶ
үڵȵˣ
ⳣ弲ӭȥİǰҾһ仰һѿڣⳣʱҲ̲סۿͨ졣˹֮ǵѾΣʱûյǱߵκţȻнޱȣȴ˿ֳΪ˶ڿ
ˣôͳ׵ˡ
ڻǵһ죬ȵĵ
˲ض񣡡
һĻɫһҲæϷ˷ⳣ塣ⳣǰǵ۹˫֮һ۳ͺԶԶ壬ݺ͵λڵҪԶԶⳣ塣
֥Զ÷ⳣغ󷽣һλãȴĴ󶼻һʥ׷һǷⳣȲϵġԷⳣ巴Ҫ
ʴˣΣ֥ôˣҸոսǣе˺УҶвǻصİΪʲô
忪żɽ
ڷⳣ壬ǾŴϱӵ۹˫ھϷžǣȻ⻹ǵһΡⳣòݵλҲûԼߣûһ˿һӣǵ˷ľءҲⳣæԭ
ǵ۹ҳںں棬ǵ۹ļ𡣼λĺŮҲ˵ޱȡΪˣҶǿУžԽ⡣
ү֪⻼ءʳ˲ֹʯɳ˴ļϸĺˣ䱸ƥں˷ˣûҰ⣬֥찲ʹʳ˹ս²£ĲȣСͲ˻٣ıزеıܹǧˣá
ͺүڿӣҽ߾ȫάЧĻҶǿܱڸҡ
ⳣ㲵
ΪƵĵ۹˫ڣ˸֥֮ⳣΪҫۡӣⳣȷʵѴֻ̣зⳣףڵĴжôѡʮССĹҺͲҶʱ򣬽ǧصİʵǶľ֧
ⳣһ浣˹ĸ֥İȫһ棬Ҫά󷽵İȣ㲡
ԭˣ
ҲΪ֮ݡ֪֥ı࣬Ҳû뵽Ȼֻǧˣôһ֣ҪάĪһİȫǲܵ¡ʵϣҶΪ˹ĳǳأܹôڣز룬廹űϵһ㣬ⳣѾ൱˾ˡ
±򣬵ǧָⳣˣ빭󣬶ƣ⣬ٸǵʮС飬ΣһҪҶǰ
ͷҲصĶź󷽵
ҶǰڣǾ˹ķҪͬʱҲľġڵҶǶˣһƬˡΣһҪסҶǵľ棬нӵǿȫҪնɱ
ǣү
±Ӻ󷽴һյѸԶȥ
үʱӦٶʱڲ£Ǹ֥ǱߣѾʮ𼱣ҿ֧Ųסˡүܹӿо֧Ԯˣ
ⳣȻڵеĲͽԱ
ˣ𼱣˹ôˣ
ʵ
Ϊֹй˹ϼԴڰͷⳣ壬˹ûбȷⳣˣһȸȲϡ
˹ڷǳʳ˸ʱ򣬱࣬׼Ҳ֣˹ΧҲûľɹڣʳ˵ıԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽռ鱨ʳѾں󷽿ľ˵ǰߣĽݵȹеȫ׼ܹͼʱ༸֮ڣ˹֮ǿ¾֧Ųסˡ
ʳǰȫ˹ϣ˹ƣܿͻʧءͻᾡʳС
ⳣ鼤ޱȣ
үڰʹѾޱˣһֻܿˡүһҪȳ˺ͳеİӵܣˣ
˵󣬷ⳣþȫһ񣬳


870 Ӵһοս
һĻΧҵԪȸ֪²ãׯƽ˶ݣⳣ׹Ǻܶ˵ָ߸ϣңɼһӶԽӴĴ
ڣⳣȻô˵棬ӣԶ壬̬ǫ˲оһ־޴ĳ
Ȼⳣȴ·ɳԽԽţھ˽µĺڰ;ڵ壬ΨһϣҲ˹İΨһ
ˣģʳȻǿ󣬵ԶԶûеսʤĵزǰ󽫾ĻǿߣԶƲߣʳ۹飬ǹʯ찲һսҲֹȳ֥˺ͰսʿǣôʳΪǵ³çصĴۣҲҳĿģ
Ŀѩⳣ壬쳣֣ص
ǧĻⳣΧİսʿɫ𣬷ⳣԭĵĽͲէʱ˫Ŀͨ죬һ̣ȴĪһģⳣ̧ͷһ桢ϸĴǰ󶼻
һֻʮ꣬üĿ˺뵽еЩҹӣӵܣȴ͵ҹӾԲеĳȺͺءǣֹݣ˲ʶע˵ÿһ仰Ϊ֮ŷ
ֹˣϣⳣ廹ܵһּŨҾѪζͨ佫ǾʬɽѪӵḻս飬Ķ󽫡ⳣڰӾʮֻ꣬һϸܵϢǾǰ֥
Ǿ֥ûôŨҵѪζ
壬ⳣйӣҲйӵӺӣǵ󣬷ⳣŷ֣еӶڵ͹ǰԶԼĻҪǿ
ү˵ǣʧˣкүҴƵʦţʳ˾޷óԸԤףݱʱڶΪ˰¾磬ӷϴս
ⳣҲɫһһ࣬վԣٴһ
ͬǹ񣬵һεζ֮ǰȴȻͬ
Ԥףݱ
ⳣսʿͬһ
Ϣɣ
ֻһЦûȥⳣ壬һϰڣٴǰȥͦΣ˿
ȥȫǰ
¡¡ʮͬѸٵĴһŽǧ˹Ǽǰȥһֱʧһսʿ뿪ҶǣⳣŻ̧ͷ
£ʮԮһƬɫĺƺƵԴݿ֮Զˢȥƣ޼᲻ݣһ޻أӡÿһ˵ԺǷⳣԺУȥֵĶǸݡŵӰ
ǰŲ棬ԶʤҺʹСүˡкүǰ֮ңҲ֮ңһսţүһɹģ

Ҷ뿪Χɽ룬ûκεĳǹʹ䣬ΧһƬ
ȫȫǰ
ٸϣҪӣ
㣬˹ʮ𼱣Ҫôʳ˵óѣ

վͦΣͬһԵĴ룬Żɽǰߴһһжٶȱ˼㡣٣ϷӥȸһֻһֻûͣȻûеִ˹ԶԶģѾһĳź
Ȼʲôÿ˶õԶ˹ۼʮıȻҵս֮С
˵һӱ֮Уϵ£нɫޱȣһһϵĴ뺺Բͬĺ˹Ӷоֽգһסҳ
ֹˣһ֮µеĴȫϲƥȫֹ֣У
ʮǰС˼㣬Ļ£սշŨҵԸӵĵزȻ滹û˵Ǿ㷴Ӧٳٶ۵Ҳףһʷǰļս٣
һ
˹ԽԽźҲ΢ţԽԽ
ʮ
ɿ˹һ˹ȫڸʮԮꤵĳԼн
ʮ
нٶԽԽ죬ƽߴԼֳһɽɽľдУȻڵԭû쳣ߴĲȴҲɫֲʯ룬ͨ˹һϰ͸ʯϿѾԿһΡȻͦεľ޴ǳشɽѹѹ¶һأǳϷŨ̹죬Ƭա
ԽĽʮɫ࣬ûһ˷ΪţȸҲоʲôһסǣǲ
ӿо
һϷʮеĸӵĶǷķÿ˶оսգһеĿǰÿ˶ףս˾
ȴ˵ģؽһʷǰģᣬҵս
ƵĹž󣬰ǰȴԮû·
ʮ
ŵռֱŨҵϢڴǰȸӥСӵ˾һÿ˶ɫࡣԴӽС齨ȸѾ˺üοսȱһۣеһۣԼͻʴԭϵսÿһ˶ʤ
˶ףһεĶֺͬԶǰжֶҪǿöࡣǿеӥݡ
ļζݽӴ˿ûռˣ
׼
ȸͷˣĿӥСһԱӹ
ʳжǿҾͲ˵ˣֻһΣΣǱȡʤһܷܣ
ף
˷׷׵һĹңɫޱȡ
š
ȸ˵ͷѸٵŤͷߵգĿһһ飬ϵɨӹգƺѰʲô֪˶á
ণ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ߿Եģʯһ঴մһ̣˵ĿУһֻֻ޴ĴʳĿſ޴˫ᣬ˵ķ
ˣ֣
ȸͫһӥСӵҲ֮ǴʳΧȻʳȫĹ˹ǣûϵԮǰǺеĵ۹һʳ˼ڼս֮УͬŶΧľ裡
ݣ
û˿ԥһ̣Ӱһȸļϣ˺۵ӥСɳһݣͬڿն𡣾һźţݣһ̣ȺӵӥͬӥСӵĳԱڿնԶĴʳ
սһ
ͣ
ȸҧգ˫ֺݺݵս


871 ˹һ
Ϊʳ˵ϸȥʱ䣬ֻԼ֪Ϊ˸˶ĴۡʮһӥСӵĳԱ˹Զ򣬶ʮֻӥսСɳˣȸҲɹ˴ʳ˵һЩɡ
ʳӵжصս񣬿еӥ͵ĳԶܴﵽʮ֮⡣Щʳһзݣһֻأ֪ͨ󷽵ĳ
Ҫⱻʳ˷ֻ֣ܽгӥջص档ʱ򣬿еĶ֣ʳͻǰڿתһȦһѼзŻȥ
ǰʳ˷֣׼ͱһȦ֮ڣЩӴ󣬼óսĴʳȫֻҪһߣ˾ͻǰʮԮǧﱼϮϢҲʧȥ塣
һȦֻһȦΣһҪɹ
ȸգнޱȡ
ʳ˵ľڷֲ˷ֻеһ֣˵õĻᡣӥСѾ㳲һսϵͰ·ĳɰܣ
ЩͷԺзӶֻһɲǼ䣬ĴӥվѾʳ˵Ӵˡ
ণ
һĳ쳹գûκεĽӴҲûκε̽˫ӥһ˲ͿʼУ˺ɱ裬ѪĽɢɢģһʼ
飡
Ӱһһֻʳͬʯ㣬ֱĴӿе£ڼӲɳɵĵϣҳһţˤ÷ǣѪģ棬ֻƵӥվͬ㣬źݺݵڵϡ
ֻֻֻֻ
սĻҪҵöࡣʳ˵ĻҪ׺ݵö࣬ǵļͬ䣬צһ㣬ÿһε˻˺ƬѪÿһֻʳһģȸӥСɳڴʳ׺ݵĹ˵ġ
һΣȸӥСӲȡ˽ȻͬսʮֻӥһӵϣͬȺһ㣬һֻʳĻצ˺ֻһ棬һӴ󣬼׺ĴʳͱΧʬֱĴ׹¡
УӥСӵӥȸȫעȫĹôеӥûһֻףûһֻܡʹΧһͷȥΧһ
ӥСӵʧرһͷͷӥ˺ۣɼǣһ׹һĻӥСӵĳԱۿˡ
ÿһͷӥյѵǴʱ䣬ⲢֻǼ򵥵ѵ̺ĸ档ÿһͷӥ׹µʱ򣬶˵˺һ㣬ֻܰһĲĵס
һͷͷͷȸսڷãֻһʱ䣬Ĵʳ׷״ӿ׹׺ҲסôӥյĹǣȸɱýġ
ܣԲߡ
ȸſкݺݵȭͷһսɱٵĴʳûκ壬ؼǰЩʳȫߡֻҪһͷܻȥжͳ׵ʧˡУʳ˵ϵؼ٣ԳȺӵӥĹЩںˣˣֻţҪͷܡ
һĻ˵ĶᵽɤӿڣȸɫҲ˲١
ʱ򣬺Ӱһһֻӥ͵ȥ㣬һצ˺һֻʳıӿͶȥǵڶֻֻһֻʳҪͷ˻Ǻܿ챻ӥѸٻɱ
飡
һͷʳص׹䵽ϣӥСͻȻ˽Ļ
Сɳ
Сɳ
Сɳ

һͷȥսͷʳӥȸӥСɳ
ɹˣ
ȸг˿ʳ˲һֱûвЩʳٿΪүʹӮһλڣж
ģͿƲǵˣ
Ҫӽʳǰ֣ءһؾǴʳɢڴΧ֮ǵĳÿһֻӦһĳһοսȻʤˣǻԶܵġ
Էڵĳʧһǰ鿴ЩͲȸˡ
׼
һĴͻȻǰ洫ȸŤͷһֻۣƲһƥɫĴкΧĳ׼
˹ԽԽоٶҲԽԽ죬ÿ֪ӵʱ䲻ˣ˵񾭶ýġ
ʮдʳΧĳȫ壬ΪʮӮоʱ䡪
ʮ
ʮ
ʮ

ʱᱻ֣˶ֶ룬ʱܣÿ˶ףÿǰһףʤϣͶһ֡˶ԣֻ࣬뻮һĽŲͳֹ
ֻʣһˣ
ĺ󷽣촦Űڣڶĸֺ佫ĿһֱԶȸӥСӣǻƲĳֶӣеƿ֮С
ʮҪôʳ˲ǲܵģȴƱĵطӮȻ
ɳϸо˹ܱߵĵΣ˹֮ΧȻһƽһƬҰڶȴһƬĵͰ꣬ڴʳ˷֮ǰɹĵִǴ꣬ôͿ𵽳䲻á
Сõͷֻʮ˵Ķ飬׾ͿԸıԼսԣǼʮĴʳ˾ȫ˹֮ǵʱҪıͲô׵¡ҲʮԮĻڡ
¡¡
ʱͻȻ֮䣬ضҡһҵӴĶ洫ͬһʱ䣬һ󼱴ٵӶд

ǰͻȻһ֧߰ǧ˵ĴʳӣǶʶ˸δã
ڵϣǳš
ֻǵȻһЦǰȥֻǰƬ棬һ̳𣬾̳֮Уһ֧߰ǧʳɵĺɫƺƵͻȻ֮ɽ
ڻǷˣ
ȻһЦΪ⡣ʳ˱ϾߣȻأսڸǣǴʳ˻Ǹо쳣ɳǰɨ
߰ǧˣԶԶ
֮ǰĲԷãƥָ֣Ӱϲдȫ˼㡣ֻûа취ڵģн·Ƿæ˿֮·ֶﲻ̫ˣټ֮ǰĳûлر˵Ļɡ
һУͿǵ÷ǳܵĽҲѾչǰ
ʳȻ죬Ϊ˲ֻ࣬ɳ߰ǧ˵ǰ鿴
ϣ
һԽĽ쳹͵ذγıǰĳߵȸֳƺյⶼסˣĽ˸â
ȫǰ
δ䣬еĳбָңңָԶش
ʮһ㣬ƺƵ̳ǰȥȻ߰ǧʳѾ壬ʱһжѾ̫ˣǷֻûз֣ڴѾûӰˡ


872 ִս
¡¡ŴĳԶĴʳԳһɧ
쵰ôô˴ΪʲôǻûκεϢ
ԶϣһŭĴʳ쳹켣һ׵Ĵʳ˫ĿŶǵأãã޼ʣɭϵĴɫˡ
յǿһ֧ҵĶ鳯˹ˣȻȷǴ˵ľӣǳڽԭ滹Ƿֳһ֧߰ǧ˵ǰ鿴ʳ۹ս֮г񣬴ϵ£ȫսһ֧߰ǧ˵װ½ǿĴʳѾԶԸˣǶľԶֹĿ
ʳ˴ӲսǶ֧Զͨıɭϡ۵ƣзâ¶Ϣһʾһ֧սеľ
ǧԸʮֻзӲ顣
ˣˣ
ˣȥܶˣ
һĴ쳹ǧʳһƬңѸٵȥǰʮԮ̺֮٣ӿ

˹֮߰ĵطͰһƬɪɪ궥˵Ұ΢΢ڶȻߵ˹ʬɽѪзӯ죬ȴ㾲һƬʱ·ֹ˰㡣
ɱ
һɲǣͻȻ֮һĺлգƬ
Ӱ
ƾˣ

ĺĴʳͻȻ糱ˮ㣬궥й£һɫ֣̿˹ܡͻȻı仯ѸԶսϵע⡣սĴʳȲһĻ
ô£
ⲻǰľǲǲŸոճôܻˣ
쵰ôҳӣʲôų

ЩҵӣһЩʳսʿŭʳս֮ͣЩսǰߵˣԶǴ𾴵ˡЩŻţܵˣԶĶ
ܶˣƾˣ
ƵԮˣ
һǰ˵Ĵʳ˲˵ĺԶԶģþȫ˻ߣ˷С
ƣ
˻ߵľȴһĺȳ⡣ֿһɷĴʳ佫ȫһƥʳԣӶв˳ֿϵ䵶ɱڣ
ľӾʲôľӣ
ʲôԮʲôµģǿǾۼʮӡܶȣսϵҺܵģն⣡Щһ𣿡
Ϊ½ǿĴڣʳѾܱߴССʮҡս˹ʳ۹Ǿۼʮľʱ򣬻ʲôܹвǣʲôǻҵģ
һ̣ʳ佫Ļ˵ȥˡЩӵĴʳ󷽣һͺһ˫εľֻζ¡¡ҵĲֲʼǺܴ󣬵ǺԽԽƬأ˹ս
⵽ô£
ʳ佫ʱ΢΢ɫ߰ǧĶ⿿߰ǧˣ˴ơƣٶʮǰĴ
ˣ
һ̣ϣս˻ʳ佫ʳսʿĿ⣬һ˺ڵսƮţͻȻ»𡣺սһֵģһƥ쳣׳ߴ
һƥƥƥֻգۼ䣬飬ǧͳЩĶˣ鲼ҰĵطһԼٶӡЩû׷ɱǰĴʳҲû˵ֻһĿݣ˹ս
ЩƵĴʳңңţ˲Ϣ䣬һԵģϢѹ鲼սôһɲǣսһƬţ˺ɱСࡣ
ˡ
Ĵʳ佫ͷʶһ¶һ˿µɫ־ᶨˣ֧Ӹѹʵ̫ˣǧľһԲĬĬפĿ⣬һеƣһɽͣѹϣ˴
ܵģôܻǿľӣ
ʳ佫۾ôģԼ۾ˣҲʱһĸоӿһ룬纣ӷֿһ˾޴ɫս죬ͻȻ𣬳С
ս棬ʳ佫ڿȺ˵һݵ꣬һƥѩԣĿɢհĹâңһϢǿ佫ǹ°顣
ڸϵˣ
פ궥ˣԶİ棬ڵִ˹֮ǡվ궥ˣԶԶȥ̴ֻһܣǵصĴʳӺġ
һμʳ˳ɹģĴ;ӡگ˲ͬʳҪӴĶ࣬˹Ҳͬʳ˸ӵĳԡǧĴʳԾӵʽۼһǹƲǴܱκһ֧;ӿԱġ
棡
һƬٻһеĺɫ棡
פɽЩʳ˾ŵĸо
ǧԼĴʳͬһ㣬˹֮ǰסΧһȦһȦ
˿֮·ϣûΰеĳǽòƲѪӳǽǽȾһƬɫȼգ鲼ͷפɽŵԶƮŨҵѪζ
ʳ˾ӵĺ󷽣һܼͶʯڲͣ䣬һ޴ʯţڲͣ˹СЩͶʯһģ䵶˳ǽһܼݣѸĴʳʿ
˹֮ǵսѾҪĹͷ
ս˽£еİѾﵽޡ忴ĴʳԴԴϵĵϳͷ޴ĳ⣬һ˺ϱʮɳľ޴ĹǼ׶ڷײš
صĸѾصŤΣۿž֧Ų˶ˡ
ⳣ˵ûʳ˹Ȼܹˣ
忴Զֻ΢΢üͷû⡣ܴʳ˴ʲôע⣬ǿһжѾעˡҪ˹֮ǣΪʳꪳɳش۵ĵط
תͷĿ˳һܼݺܿ˹ǽͷ˹ǽͷԺյĵطڿǵΰɽ쳹ӰǵӰΰͦΣվڸǽ֮ϲϵնɱݶϵĴʳʿŭţָʿжսױȾͨ죬ûһɾĵط
֥Ӱǽͷ·ͽµĴΪһ壬ԶԶȥһһԵøߴޱȡ۶˶ٴʳʿҲֳжôǿնֹֻǰԶ޷ơ
ΧҲڼսİӰ
µսÿ˶ﵽܵļޣһƣƺʱᵹ¡һɹİȴ֧ǣڳͷϲ֪ƣƴսš˭Ҳ֪ǻֶܼãÿ˶Լķʽš
һĻҲΪ֮ݡ


873 棬սʳ
Ȼڴ֮ǰ廹ûмûнӴǿӡһɲǣȴԼķʽӡ
ǴƵļ
ﬣ
һû˿ԥɫİγϵĳĽֱָʳ˵ķ
ȫȫٽ
¡
𶯣һ̣һֱ궥һʮԮ糱ˮͻȻ˹ķй¡
ɱ
춯صĺɱ쳹Ұȴ궥˳ģͨҵǧһװݵϣһѤõս⻷ţȴҵ±Ѹչǵڶĵֻգۼ䣬ǧս⻷׷ױסǧﻯΪһƶıݡ
¡
ǧ籩һǹƺ춯أɽǧƥУ
ɱ
϶еɵĵڶݶӣ̤⻷Ŵ궥й£ˮԶսȥǺ棬ǧƵս˱һƥƥս£ͬԶڶȥ
ս˱ڳ֮УϸΣû˿Ĵҡ
壡
ͬһʱ䣬һСɵ͸ԿԼĹӶţͬӿһʮӿĺһ㣬һ꣬ɽҰޱ޼ʣԶȥ
ˣˣ
׼ת򣡡
򣬿㼯ᣬܣ׼

һĺ쳹ʮĴƾͬʱԭȻȫ˹֮ǵĴʳ˶ʱһƬɧҡ֮ǰж˿˿ۣڴ˿̣˿ĳֳ
ʮĴʳӼоΧ˹֮ǣҪڶʱڴᣬͷͼǲܵ顣СõͷѻסһѸʮʳһҡ
׼ᣡ
׼ʱͻȻһϡ߰ԭɧҵսͻȻһս棬ҵĴʳʿͺܵʲôһͻȻѸټᡣ
ڶ󳷣ʮǰ
䣬׼ȷһһʳǰо޴ĲصڵϣЩÿһ涼нӽһ˸ߣӲʵĶֱڶսıԵһƬĸ֮ǽ
֮ǽ󷽣ԭҵĴҲָһһѸټᣬγɭϵС̶ʱڣԵսͼಽǿ
ѾԶԸʮϵĶˣ
¡¡
Ҳʱ򣬴غˮ˷ֿڴ󷽣һϢ磬籩Ĵʳ佫ͷñɫսףһƥ׳˶ޱȵɫʳһ㣬˵Ұ֮С
佫ΧĴʳʿ׷׵ͷ¶غ;ηɫ
ŷ
ʳ۹佫֮һͬʱҲǶܶ˹ǿĶս֮һڴʳ۹һ֣ʳ֮ʸ
ŷѪƣŵ۹սʿʮ̹ңǵΪ
ڶӵо޴ͳ˧ͺ
ŷ֣˾ҵĹһѸٰ֮ǰ˵İǧҲѸٵ뵽˴֮УŷĵǲеĴͬһŻ㣬ѸٵԭȵĻҵȻ޴棬һƱŷӰеĸӴ
ڽʿȫˣߣ
ﬣһͻƥĳ߸߾ٹͷ˸󺮹⣬ŷĿ磬쳹ս
ǣŷ
ΪЧ
ʳʿ뷢ŭսϿջصݡֻɲǼ䣬Ĵʳʿͳ׵˵Ұڳ˷ΡһĻҲɵ͸һ˿ӡ
ʳΨһвƣʹᲢ۵ǿҾƾּӦͷӦʳչֳսͲگ˹ؿԱ⣡
Ӧܿ죬ûõģ
жһ˿ĹâʳȷʵǱگ˹ظǿĶ֣Ƹһ֮گ˹ءͻʺ͸߾ҵǿڣһս˭ǿĵ۹
ݣ
һȻ궥˼¡
¡¡
ضҡʮԮӿȣͬһԶХȥ鼰Ұÿ䣬˫֮ľԽԽ
׼
ͬһʱ䣬ʳ˵쳹ϣһ˸˾޴ĳìڶ棬ܼ֣ìȫ׼˶ĴʿЩܱĺ棬һƥƥ쳣ߴĴʳս㣬ͣϢϣǧʳһĿ쳣׺ݵĶŶ棬ս׼
ʳս֮ϵս˽½ӴĴʳ۹
ʲôĶ֣ʳ˶׵ĺˡֻнõķءÿһʳ˶ŵĶ棬ԽԽҲԽԽ߼һʳ΢΢ǰ㣬Ǽֵס
սϵձ˼㣡
ٲ
ٲ
ԽԽھ뻹ֻһٲʱ򣬺ȻŨ̹ĺɫ⻷Ӵʳ˵Ľ±Щ⻷ʹƵľ⻷Ȼͬÿһ⻷жӡһɫâͼǧĺɫ⻷һ壬սʳΪһֲĺɫݡ
¡¡
ϣļ˻Уһ̣Ĵʳ˻𣬷׷ȿֺ籩ս󷽳ɱȥͬʱϣһԽĽǧ
¡
˵ĿУֻ¡һ춯صľ죬֧֮صĶײһһɲǣؾţʱ䶼·ֹ

̶ֻһɲʱ䣬ֻһĲҽУĴʳ񵾲һӶ߸𣬷ʮɵĸ߿աҵǧһ֧һݺݵĲĴʳ֮С
Щʳ˵ĵ˷ȴȫϵס˻ȥ
ڽҳ棬ɱǣ
ǿߣԶ
ҵ͵Ĺâ˾һͷͻһ㣬ŭһһ˶ߵȸ־޽ֻһͽһʳ˴롣ڷȸֽǰûκε׿Եֵס飬ϵײ쳹սһȥƵĴʳȻȫǶ֣ǧĳ£׷ŵư㵹£սײɡ̤
ֻһ棬ʳͱǧĽ棬׻ʧءûнĹ⻷


874 սײ
ܣôôǿ
һĻ󷽣ŷͫһ˺Ҫͣˡɳ֧˵ĴʳµľսѹҺ壬Ҳɺӵй
ŷûһ֧ս֧ԶǰȻꪳɳȫǶ֡
˸
ͬʱǧ󷽣֪һȣŴʳﱻɢɲǣк˽һѴһݺݵĲ˴ʳĿ϶СԭɢĴʳ֪£Խɢҡ
һ࣬²áׯƽΤ˼ֹԺġδǡҲŰ϶ӶϡһĿ̿Щ˵ʵȻûоأԺҵպɽ⣬ֹԺۼʶԼϵ裬ѾʾЩδǵĳΡ
һ˵սչֳۼʶԼϵ裬ԶǸ˵ӳûҪǿö࣬ҲǴֹԺгԭ
飡
棬ϴ壬ѡȫǴʳĵطĵطֹԺѵôã֪ǳ²ǣȫѬ£Աϵͳ˽⣬Ӷսʱ˼İպ
һʥѾԶԸټЩδĽǡʮзӳѰġ
һ֧ǿľӣ
䣬ֻһĲҽܼײԭѾɢҵĴʳ˲֧顣ܴʳߴսսǸս壬Ⱥս
ʳһиָһСȺ壬ǵǿҲѾûʲôˡ
飬ҵײУһһĴʳ˲䱻򴩲壬ݻһ׷׹ϡֻʱ䣬ʳ˾Ѿһ߰ǧ֮죬ľѡ
һֹԺսǣҵδͨ󽫣ַʸ͵˶ģ
ϣ
һ󼤰˻ս֪ｫ֧ʳﷴ塢иʱҵһȣѾ䴩ʳ˵ΡǾ޴ĺѪҵһһƥݺݵײ󷽵Ĵʳ˶ܱС
СģܣסǸˣ
ɵǣƾʳ

һȵ쳹ս͸¶Ũҿֻš䣬ĺ˹սԵĴʳضܱһ𣬻㼯ȫεĶǰľ޶ܡ
ǻӦǵһĺ
ϣҵһ˶ߵȸ־޽ݺһͽǰʳ޶ܣͬĴʳܱڣֱ롣һĻΧж¶˿־ɫʳ۹ս֮еסȫߵı׼졣Щضܣÿһ涼ùߵ죬ֲϲֹԵֵȫӲȼߣʳĵ˷ֺ׹
˭Ҳû뵽ĸߴ󣬾˵˽죬ֻһͽ룬ֽһ
۸ʲôۣ쵲ס
ܱ֣죡
Ҫ

ʳĲһƬңҵ··̬˶סˡʿŴܣ˷ӵҪסҵͬʱҲס򿪵ǸȱڣȻһжѾˡ
壡
ҵ󣬳ǧӿ룬һһȸֳ£ЩµĴʳضܣϵҵıֻһСӣǵǧԷʸγ֮С˾޴ȱڣĻҡ
ھ£б֮Ĵڡκβȱ˴ٶȣ赲ٶȱǴʳĲʳսҲһ
䣡
ǧȫװ£ʳ˵ĲһƬҡʷǿµһƬսϣʾԼѹԵģ޿ƥе
ԺսƵĴʳˣҲȫֵסǧĳ
ʮʮ
ҵ·һ쳹գ䣬һɲǼ䣬ǧŮɢ㣬˲ɢԭֻȱڸɢ˲ʮһչ

ʳ֮ìŷһĻɫˡ
ΪʳŷĶ֣Ǵûκһ֣ǰ֧һǿҵѹȸквУһΣŷоϢΧȻȴܸκΰȫС
ľֻľܶԸǣ
һͷԺһɲǣŷ뵽˵۹֧֮ǿģսֲľšֻľŲܽĴʳѹӡ
ھйֻ˾ӣ
Ȼиоǿҵ𺳣ŷȻûзû䣬Ϊպġʳ֮ìŷԸǿͼӲƣܶôǿĶ֣ŷˣѡֻһǾǳ׵ĻЩǿĶ֡
ڶʮܱ󣬵ڶʮģʮ壬ʮ߶ܱ󣬳ȥסǵս
߲󣬵ھŲ󣬵ʮ󡭡ȫѹϣ
ˣϧһдۣһҪֻ

ŷֱͦĿһܵϵĴзȥѸٵĽеʳĳ£˼·ɵģҲֻŷ
ΪʳĶŷ֪ı֣ȴû޵еı֡Ǵʳ۹ǿľҲܵġ£ĵطٶȡܰٶȽôʲôҲͺͨĲࡣ
޷ǵٶȽǾȥ
ŷ򵥵սԡ
𣡡
Ϊŷ
Ϊ˵۹
˷һͲûʹôʳ۹ľӺˣӼǵսɱ˷Ĵʳӿʳ˵ĺսö׺ڴ˿չ¶ɡ˹ҲöǺʹʳȣС׼ףȫһΡ
˹˵ĺö޶ȵģǵĺöѪҺģǴʳ˵ĺöȴû޶ȵģǵĺöڹȫͬһΡ
һ쳹أӿĴʳʿУһֻɫ׵ĲĿϣֻÿһ߶ӽףʳʿǿ׳٣ʹõȫǾ޸䵶ٶȼ죬ֻһͳɵľ룬ǽ£һѤõս⻷ǽǳеͬһ㡣


875 ʳܣһ
߲󣬵ھŲ󣬵ʮ󡭡ŷһѵģĲͬʱҲŷױսϣǻһְܣǳеսϵĹ񡣴ʳ£Ǵʳͬоİ취
ΪӵѵԶֹʳˣ
߲󣬵ھŲ󣬵ʮŷѡľӢսϣѾɱ˲֪ٵйľͲ
ڵǷٵֻһε֮˷ǧ˶ȥȻһлԶûнΪһŷóԶǷô򵥡
ʮУʮУʮУʮУڰʮСȫ׵Ļǣ
ŷĿᡢ飬ѸٵʮԮ˫λá
ʵ顱Ⲣ˲Ŷĵʳ˻ûôıŷͨϵѪսʵսǳԵ˵ֻȷʵǳǿ󣬵ǲе˾Ӷˡ
ֻҪʵ飬ƹֻǺ󷽵ô󣬲֧˾жôǿ󣬵ʤȻǴʳ
ֹˣܶǵأܶ࣬Ƕŷ˵սҪĽֻӮȡʱ䡣˹սϣۼʮĴʳӣܶĴƾж٣󣬵ʮ㹻Ļʱ䣬ͷȴʮƾӵȻ·
¡
غͬɸѣŷ䣬ʳӪ󷽣ѺһǧʳֳһһӪӸߴĶǽ󷽱۶ͬźɫ籩ȥһɫ⻷ǽ𵴣һǧĴʳ٣ǵٶֻڶ̶һ˲ʹﵽ˼¡
ɣһζ
һΣһǧƹҲƹ֪²ǣֱĳ˺󷽵Ӫ

ȫǰֻǴ׵ĸսʷϣܹʤĴ֮١һֻȫװԳ塢ʮ౶ĲӡʳΪ׺ݻٵĲָǲ֪
ɵǣ
ݻǵΣ׵˺ǣ
Ϊ˴ʳɱЩͽ

أ¡¡ףһǧʳźɫĹ⻷ư磬ź󷽵Ĵƾ쭶ȥһʮɣһɣʮɡԽԽԿЩ˱ϵʿҴҵͣѸٵĲ
ѾˡַӦս׵Ĵʳǰûκεô
ɱǣ
쳹أһǧʳ﷢ĳ棬ȥ
׼
ͬʱһ߿Ե쳹أĴӪУһɫĳͻȻ˳ÿһԱߣƵĲ䡣Щǰ±γϵȸֽ߾٣ңָǰ
Ŀֱͦս˿ͺ񶨸һ
ʮɣ
ʮɣ
䣡
һɲǣ±еĳȻ¡ų±ӪУɰǧСͻȻ䣬һɲؼžÿһ˶жһĺ
һ̣˵ĿУһһɶ೤ִޱȣĵţͬ㣬ͻȻЩСϵ
Сģ

ЩǰĴʳﶸ˫Ŀ˺ҪͣˣһǿҵĿֲ糱ˮˣһʳʹҪͣѾˡ
䣬ҵ˻Уһִ˲䶴ǰһƥʳսǵڶƥƥսЩµĴʳսÿһƥ϶źսףѰĹ޷͸ڴǰֽһû˿ô
䣡䣡䣡
ɰǧÿһ䴩ġʳһЩ䴩һֱϵߡ˻֮ڶֻһ䣬ʳʧ塢ǧ֡
ھ޴Ĺ£ЩʳＴмǰȥڵϻ˺ܳһξ룬嵽ǰŵǰЩȴѾ
ţ
±ĿⶨʼעŶĴʳеȸֳȻٴλ£䣬̳Уڶٴα
ţ
󣬵ּǵضȥЩÿһͬÿһ׼һʳּ󣬳׵ĵ춨һǧʳˡټսϣˣսʹʳʬ塣
¡¡ĺɱּ֮˲ϢʧӰ١ϵʵѪš
ž
ôһɲǣսһƬţƺɱѹȥˡԶԶģһʳʿصʬ壬һԲ۾ͫǾ֡һǧսĴʳ֪ܹԼĶ֣ǿĵˣÿһٶȴﵽµ£ٿԶԸġ
ٳ֮ǰÿ˶ΪٿɱԼˣǵͳ׵䴩ɢ˭Ҳû뵽ּ֮ǾȻô׵ʧˡ
ڴʳ˵սϣû飬һɲǣÿһ˶оһϢѹ
ŷɫ԰˲١
ǰ
һǧʳﵹԼĳǰ±û˿Ĳеĳһӣǧ׵Сǧ߳Щʳʬ壬ǰƽ
ңԮҲЩʳʬ壬ǰӿȥ
ɱ
׼
ͬһʱ䣬ĴʳУŷҲԼĳս˽ӽˣŷȻûзȻΪʮʳȡʱ䡣սսҲսԣЩ˾жǿֻҪʮʳܹͷȴЩ˴Ȼ·һ
¡¡ٶԽԽ죬˫ľҲԽԽ
һΣûЩʳʮԮããĴʳ֮ûκ谭ڡ
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬𶯣ո£Ĵˮһ㣬صײһһɲǣƬ˹սھҵĻζض·Ҫ˺ˡ
ȭȭ⣬սս뵶ƬսϾҵײһһսûκεĻɣ˶㾡ȫǶ֮䣬ģӴսҵһζս
ס
Ϊ˵۹
סЩͽ
սǰˣһʳĶܱսʿƴˣȫ赲ǽҧǿļضŽ߳߸ߵľ޶ܡ飬籩ĹӶ洫߳߸ߵľˣҵĲȴĹεĵ
ֹѾ൱ḻľ顣һ޶ٿ赲ֵͬĹҲǴʳ˶ԸԼҪֶΡ
ʵսĶԿУʳԼﶼѳ谭
סѾֻҪټƬ̣ȵϣͿԳǣ
һʳܱ˻ǵб˫Ĳ֮УͺʹΪһ㡣
ʱ򡪡
¡
𶯣һεĲ쫷һ㣬˵Ĵ󷽱˲ϯʳӡս࣬дʳӻûзӦͻȻϣµĹ⻷𵴣һϢͺεļһһٵ˲㡣
ԭʹƾӼҶŵĴʳˣʱʵ󽵣һ֧


876 ʳܣ
ô£
˴ʧɫû֪ô£սȴѾ˾Եı仯
䣡䣡䣡
Ӿһ㣬ս˲һƬܣء֮й⻷£еĴʳʿʵ񽵣ǴʿĶ֡飡Ʋ𵴣ҵײǰһʳ޶ϣ֮ǰβƵĴʳ޶ܣһȴ˲ײɣ޶ܺĴʳʿײڵء
ۣûʳܱһǹ߰㣬Ȼ̳һǹ̴ʳʿʺݺݵضڵϡ̤ʬ壬һʿӿ롣
ͬʱһѪ֣һ֮ǰ²ɵĴʳͷĿ˲䱻һ͸ǰİؽĴʳͷĿ۾ôģĿǿ־塣˫ʶŽľ׮صĵȥ
׵׷ʲôΪʲôԼʵ½ôһɱ
һ̶ʱڣǧĴʳ˷׷׵£
䣬ͬһʱ䣬±ĳʱһУɰǧľ޴һһ֣ϵʳ˵Ӫ֮СսĴʳΪ˵ƾӵĹʿվλ飬յ˼㡣
ΪķͣʱȴóΪ˴õİӣ֮ǰԸʱ
ۣÿһ䴩ʮʳʿе䴩һֱʮʳʿ̶ʱڣǧǰͳһƬ޴شһʳʿּ֮¡
ֲֿ֮꣬ǰͬŵư׷׵µͬ飬־ᶨսĴʳˣҲоŨϢʼη׷ȥ
ɱ
Ϊ˴ƣ
ͬʱԶһطҵǧڴʳ˵ӪֱشɱʮʮҵǧУӵ˼¡һ̻һ۱ɢһצһ𣬼ֳɱֱӽΧĴʳӵ䡣
ϣ
һһ޸֮˷ݺݵҵϣŷĵ߲󣬵ھŲ͵ʮȫҵҪĹĿ꣬ȻеĹҵϣȫݺݵĵ
ͣҵһɨΧһɫͷӦЩʧȥͷ­Ĵʳֻǲ˼£뵹ȥ
ɱǣ
ҵŭһ㣬Ķ飬ֳֻ棬ɨҶһ㣬߲󣬵ھŲ͵ʮ׷׽ɱǿʵ֮й⻷еĴʳɾǧĴʳ˷׷׵֮¡
ʼļֺ׺ݣǧѹԵʵԼŭΰĳʱ߽⣡
ӣ
һĴʳʿɱȥֱǧһֵĽɱ飬ǿЩʳڿ־ˣˣ׷׵ͷܡ
󳵴֮й⻷ټʮĴƾӡʳ˱ɽ̶ʱڣƵĴʳ֣˶սϣĴʳʿ߰㣬ʼӴܡڴʳ˵սʷϣһȫ޷ֿǿ
ѹеĴʳʿоһɷĿ־ͲһƬңܺͻѸٵɢҴŷƵĶѸűʮʳɢ
ˣվס
˭ܣã
Щų򣬵۹ĳ裡

ŷɫ԰ףĲıҪȶֵס֧ͻȻֵĴƾӣŷļƻУֻҪٵƬ̣Ϳȫѹϣ׵֧ƵľӣڣûеȵľӵϣľӷڴƾӵĹ£ԼĴŷıȫۣ
䣡
ʧأŷҧ͵е䵶ֻһӣľУһʮܵĴʳʿֱӱŷ䵶롣գŷٴλͷʮʳʿܲݰ㵹¡
ֳ棬ŷΧʬɽѪ㵹һٶʳʿλʳ֮ʸƤûһ£ɫޱȡֲпѪֶ£Χɢһֹסļ
ûеȴŷ£סһ̣һʯ㼤˻ȻӶдͬһʱ䣬ŷĸ֪УͻȻһ籩ǿϢǵϢԾ˵ٶȣԼķ
ˣ
ŷһݣԺжĸֳһźѪͬһ㣬Ĵʳ˻ҪߴӰ
ǸƵ죡
ˣ
ŷͫһĻعͷͿҵһڿնͬһ쳤Լɱ˹˫ǽڷǿһ˻ߵľ޽͵һݺն¡

ҵ˫Ŀŭһ񱩵۵˼㣬˳ųֱ֮նȥ
䣬˵ʱʱ죬ʯ䣬ֻâһһ̣һİǿޱȵŷڱ͸һŨҵѪͻζ͵ĵסҵ㾡ȫһ
֪ͽҪս
ŷжıĺâΪܶ˹Ľ֮һŷӵżǿսʵѪԼͬȻܣǶ佫֮սŷǺη塣
ּսУ֪նɱٵжԵ佫ŷ֮ԱΪʳ֮ʸЩ佫Ѫͳġ
ȻʱվһӴͷ
ӵĻ˵ߴߴ˵ʲô
δ䣬һʯɵľ޴ȭͷС͵һȭغŷͷ޴ŷܵ𵴣µĴʳȶݽ档
ҵͻʯĻƲһŷҲо˾޴ѹ
ûõģǸɱң
ŷҧ׹䣬סƶսĹֵˡȻŷŸոչĶ䵶һ̣¡ûκεףŷµĵͻȻ˹һԭӲĵһĿ£°ݣķѣŷµս˲ʧȥƽ⣬ŷ˴׹ȥ
𶯣Խ˺ѣǻƲʯ
ã
һֱŷʧɫڱɫȻһлԶûнһ̣¡һɫĲƴӴƵľӺ󷽱ɨսһŷȫϢͻȻһ𣬶Ȼ½һء
֮й⻷
ʱҲˡʥ侳صʵǴ󽫼ĶǿߣĻͳͳ֮ܵй⻷Ӱ졣


877 ʳܣ
ûᣡ
ܵŷϢͻȻҵͻƲĿһ뷢ͬһʱ䣬㴭ף˷Х飬ǧ籩㣬Ӹϵײŷϡ
ֻգۼ䣬ŷϵϢԾ˵ٶģѸһŵĵز
ʮʮ
ǧ׺£ǿʮ֮һһϣŷµĴʳҲûκε

ʯĳ־ᶨƵŷɫ԰ףжһŨҵĿ־塣书ҡ磬ͬʱֵҵͻƲֹǵǧһŷǶ֡һս֮УǵһֳȺӵＯȺʽһ˵
һ˾ǿҲͬʱԸǧĶ֣һɲǣڸоһζҪܣǻƲٿصʯȫΧʯΣһʯӵصͻȫ赲ȥ·ǧܼĹǳ׷·

һɲǣŷֻüȫճĴʳ䵶סͷĹȻ¡˱һһ˶ߵķ޽ŭն£һʿƣʿ£ʿŷڵҲͬʱµģԼսĴʳ񵶡
ϣһ˻ŷµĴʳԣͷ׳˶ʳԺŷһ𣬱ҵȸ־޽һݣѪһء
Ϊߣⲣ
ҵһŷʬ壬߸һɲǣϢ糱·ȼյһ㣬սĿⶼۼϣһ̵ҵΰͬϵһ㡣
䣡
Ȼҵ˵ʲôŷսڶսĴʳŵĴȫǻԵġ

ŷɱˣ
ҿӣ

еĴʳȿֺһƬֻţ˵Ĵ糱ˮ󷽵ĴӪһĻͻԭѾ˽׼ĴʳܵⲨʱһƬҡ
ɱ
ǿߣԶ
ǿߣԶ
Ϊ˴ƣ

һ쳹սʮԮ۾ͻɽ㣬ŴʳβɱȥһѾòκεսˣȫܵĴʳˣֻͬ˰ӿȥ
󳵴Կ֮Сɵľӡ϶˻ΪһԵĺϵʮʳ˳ɱȥȻʳ˵ԶȴҪ࣬ȻĴʳӻͼͼǰսѾȫܵľţκ˶Ѿ޷ֹơ
ˣ
쿴
ʳ˾Ȼˣ
ôܣ
ԶԶģ˹֮ϣһĿ⿴ų³ǧ˵Ӱ𾪡ע⵽ԶԮĵǴʳ˵ķʹǸϾ˼µսû˱Ȱףǰֻʳ۹ľжôǿ
Ǳκһ֧ӶҪǿĶľӣƾʮԮ滹൱ĹӶҪʮ͡뺷Ĵʳʿ൱췽ҹ̷Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽֧³ֵԮʤˣһѹԵѹʳӡ
¥֮һƬţԭ˳ǰͺ̣ɱĴʳ糱ˮȥ˿Զʳ˼ҽսԮǺХĺɱǰδеĳ𺳣ǰδеϣ
ȥ򿪳ţϼлʳˣ
ʱһЩƣȴȻϺ˶𡣸֥˫ڳ¥ϣɽͰ㣬Ȼ¼飬Ѫ߰ߣÿһطĵ˺ۣļսǸ֥ȴɫƽǸߴͦεӰبͷ·Զᵹ°㡣
ǣˣ
֥һ˷ܣѸȥƬ֮󣬺¡һ죬˹֮ѾŤεĳصĴ򿪣һĺɱŴӳгɱȥ
ʮʳӱԮĹѾ֧ټͻȻӳɱİʱԽˣǧĴʳȿֺ󣬷׷ܡ
벻Ļ
ǽ֮ûһˣ֥һ˺ܶ࣬ԭߴΰҲԳһ˿ƣ

˹⣬ʳ˱ɽ
쵰վסɱǣ
ܣɱȥ
ߣ

һ󷽵Ĵʳŭ˻ţͼֹİˡȻֻһգۣԼЮţȥ

ȥʮƻ׷ɱĴƾӣʳ´˳ʮصʬ壬糱ˮȥ
үʤˣ
󷽣Ťͷһ羴
ʤˣûгʤ
嵭һ¶ǣŰڻǰȥսϣɱҽйҵһƬֻһƽͥŲ㣬ʳ˵ʬ壬ӹһϸꪣлǰȥ
һʿ棬ߵսģͺһ㣬âɣԶ޷Ĵڡ
ʳ˳ˣ糱ˮһķӿȥһսʳʧأ㵽Ϊֹǿ¶û뵽Լ䣬˴ʳ֮ʸŷĶǶ˵һжԤ֮С
һսӿʼڣǱܹʳյɱεΧͨ籨ŵĳ򣬻ռȻŷָµԼⶫ˵ĴʮʳӣеһһһȫİŵĽ
˵ĸ֮ǺУ˹εɳ̣ѾݹΣһʵʵݣ˿˿ۣûкĲء
δսʤߣҲδս㲻ʤߣҲǱ򵥵ݣΪڵʤ׼˲֪ٸҹҹ棬еϸڶǵˡ
ڴʳ˵һʧֻܻżȻǶ˵ȴǱȻ

ʳѾָλãǷ׷
建ǰȥʱһٳǰĹڵء
ˣ
ڰϣǰѾ˳˹սĴʳˣ˰ͷ
֪ͨҵ±ԼԿ֮ǣֹͣ׷
⣬֮ǣԿʼжˣ
ǣү
Ļܿɶȥ
¡¡һҵĲǧ˱꣬ĹԼȼյ¯ս󣬸װСɽһĸǵأ


878 ֥
裡
ĺ󷽣ţɽɺͬһ꣬սȻ;ĳⳡսеڣЩڵԱڿԽսˡ
еһжѾ׵Ťͷˣֱ˹֮ǵķȥѾһߴӰڳԼķ
ˣ
ھ֥ԶĵطͣΪˣȻʥ֮еһμλպգġ۹֮赡ս֥ͷϱӶڽӵܵ˵Ҳ߲ʣ󼰵Ĵڡ
ںƽٱʱλĴȴѴӴƵˣ
ʼգ嶼λ۹ԺյĴ֮һԵһ棡
š
ڸ֥ĵһӡȻ֥Ϣҡ˺ۣսǳ㲣һһ͸¶һֺֻȣڴ֮Ҳǳ͵ġ
֮У֥С͹ĽƵйڴѧļ¼岢֪٣ǴӸ֥¶ʮа˾ġ
лĳеİлˣ
ԶԶأ֥壬һ˿ӵɫ˵Ŀ£壬һһ˹֮սѾɽˮĵزﵽ˼ޣ֥Ѿȫûѳ׼
ԮʱϵܼΪʷ
͸֥һݣ󶼻λҲǱ飬ڵ۹Ĵ󶼻ʹ󽫾ǱġһԸ֥˵ѾԴ𾴺ͳϡ
˲ضⱾķ֮¡ˣ֪ڵΣ
Ŀһ˿ɫȻо˸֥Լġν
һսܹһϣ⣬йǧԱȱ㹻ĽҩʳҲĵòˡ
֥һ˿ȻսʤһȴܵǰδеشԺҲҪѺܳʱָܻ
ˡ
˵ͷһĨͬ顣
ڽҩʳ⣬˲صģѾ㹻ĲӰѽҩʳ͵ȥ
ǣү
Ӱź֣һʿʳͽҩĳʻȥ˹֮ս£ʱȻѷ״̬ϵһ㣬ԲѾ׼ˡ
䣡
һʳҩƷͽ˹֮ǵʱͻȻ֮䣬һĺ֮źǰսϴ֥ΧİڽʶŤͷȥֻǰ¯ܣŨ̹ɰǧĹվһƵ˱ϣڰһɫľ޴ĸģ鶤֮С
ոĺǵô
еĹææµµҿǳǽӲĽӲôôһɣҼЧʡֻƬ̵ʱ䣬˹Ϳʼһ¶¸ߴɫ֮ǽ
ֹˣԭһֱˮ׷ɱȥԮӹƬɫ֮ǽԷ׷ɱҺʹʳ˵֮䣬Գ˿϶Ͷϲ㡣
ˣǡ
һĻ֥ԣһɫڣǳ͵佫ͻȻܣİҲһ㵡ʮԮռϷ磬ʱǸóƴ׷ʹսʱ򣬵ǲ֪ΪʲôʮԮԷ׷ɱĲʹʳİܾ֮Գѽڡ
Լ֮ǰı˵ֵͼģشʧʵڲӦó֣
ЩææµµĹԼɫĸ֮ǽÿ˶ͷˮ˭Ҳ֪Ԯʲô
ǰ֥û˵ƺ²⣬·ҲǺס
սȫͳս񣬶ңʮģĴսȻûսĹԼ¯ֱڹսʷϣǴӲֹģҲֻпó
λǳǧ̽ɣ
忴Ϣ籩㣬ǳҵ佫ͻȻڵ
ʶң
ǧһ㵡
š
嵭ȻһЦȴ΢΢һ¡У˸֥֮⣬ԭλĺһλѾԼڵµġͨ󽫡ҵһλλǧˡ
ǧȻյĳɾûдﵽҵôߣΪӾʱ磬ڵΪҵߣ
ǧøߴͣˣսϣǰﵱ֮ĶѾﵽ۷׼𣬿±֮˹صսâܻҪ御ǵһμǻһ۾˳
ܹôʱ䣬¹û
˽ʣ׷пܣܹɱʳ˵ȻǺ¡ڵĴʳˣֻܵԼ˵ĳңǵδʧ֮ǰıҲжʮ߰ǵϣȫսľ⣬ʳ˵Ķ죬ͳ˧˹ֵڶûг֡ҪѼ鱨ûĻλʳ۹ĶܶսԼɲһֲܿԴݻٵġ
ĿǵΪʷλߵġʥӵκζֵţȴҲ˶СκεĶ֣ο˹־ǸѲͿɵĶ֡
ڳսɱ¾һнʵĴʳܹһ·ʬɽѪ϶ܶλã˵ʵһͨˣܹϰٳǧļսҲɳΪһĴ󽫡
˰˹µһھͻ˹֡λʳ۹Ķͳ˧ųơѪܶʵˣҼıԣô׶ԸġȻΪֹ廹δı棬ոսʱ˾ѾεĽһˡ
λѪܶڴƵ죬ԶĻҪʹƻδսĴѾ쵽ôԶĵطˡ
ˣ
һ䣬ΧʱһƬྲа϶͸һصɫ˹֡־һħһ˹ս£ûбȰ˸˽ˡ
Ϊ۹ڽ˹֮ǰǽģŵģͬʱҲǿġ£һֱΪԼңеֱ֣ЩսͬʱֺηĴʳˡ
гǸǽ񣬸Ƶ˹֮ǣʮˮӿսԶگ˹صĴʳӣܼôá
ǣˣȻǰ˹ֺǶ˵ĵԼսôܣ¾㰬˹Ҳϵⳡսû׼Ļ˵ĿԽ˳׵Ļܴʳˣ
һݺݵȭͷ̲ס
˹ȷʵⳡսò׿սʤʳ˵ϣΪɵͷ׷ɱº֤ʧһϺõĻᣬǾδ̫˶̾Ϣˡ


879 壬ս棡
ЦЦû˵ֻĿƳİˡ
󣬲Ҫ˵սϵ飬ܣϵʿôôģ˵òԴʳǿĶ֣ȷʵԵģ
ǧ˼Ƭ̺
Ȼϣһ׵ĻɱʳˣǾҲòϣ˵ǶԵġʳֻСܶѣʳֻôһ㱾£ҲѴ󶼻ͰƵֵزˡ
󶼻Ѿǰ׼Ҫ찲ʹʳһսѳ
ذܣ
һϵĲֹǼкĹԼ¤ʦİȫô鲻ǿµģ
Ƴ˳ǧһۣ̲סһ˿͵ɫ֮ǰûкͳǧӴ˽Ҳֻ࣬ƾһϯͿԿóλƵ۷׼ֹȺͬʱҲǼıԵġ
ٲ£׳嶯֮
ǣʵҸո˵ģһԭǵ죡
ЦЦŤͷһŵ
һһŤͷſЩʳӵķֻЩɫĴʳս岼鲼֮СֻǿЩս죬ÿ˶һԻ˭ʲô˼
۰˹ִʲôע⣬ɾԲһܵļ񰡣ʲôӦµ๦һ㣡
һָƣϤһС飬ޱȡ
¡
һʯǧˣ仰аߵˣǻֻ֪尲׷ɱһ̶ȵʱ򣬾Ϳʼü׷ɱȥȴ֪Ļ
Ӳ֪ɫĴʳսлİء
ȷʵᵽѣ˴ʱ濴ȥһ˸˺ɫĴʳս죬ֱ죬Ҽڰ֮УҲĳ
ΣʵҲһšңɾĴ˵ӣ
У
һ㣬Ƥеһһʱ˵
ǧ˵ǶԵģ˹ûô׻ܣѾһȦ׵ǡȥʿǳ˰ɣ
ʱһϵ˶𣬸֥ԶͻȻ
Ȧף
ԣһƬ㵡
Ӣ
΢΢һЦ˵ͷ֥սսǳḻսϵĸֱ仯ǳȻҲӦÿ˰˹ֵͼ
ǣȥôˣֹͣ׷ɱɡ
ӦһæҴȥ
ԶʮԮͰ˳һ㣬ˣֹͣ׷ɱ׵ķ뿪

ͬʱ˹ս֮⣬Ұĵطûжע⵽ʳ糷һĵرóһεȦȦӽʮĴʳ飬ں档
Щ糷սģҽŵκҰԶȫעⲻǡ
ôû
ʲôܶƺˣȵ׷ǵİΧȦǵڣ
ܶЩ˵뵽ǾͿҪʤʱ򣬻ᱻȫߣǿϧŷΪ˵۹һҲֵˡ
ұ죡˿ҪˣϽ׼

Ȧ󷽣ĿëŨܣźɫؼ׵Ĵʳ佫һĿǰ͸¶ŨŨɱʳ۹ӽڣѾʷˣڳϵУѾγһԼصľս
ЩһֱڳУǻû̫İ취ʳ۹Ȼ˫ڹǷ沢óֻǿճ־ãһĹ򣬺ȣû̫ơ
˽ҰһоͽȻͬˡǴϷ绹·磬ʳ˶һԼĶս
ţô£Щôˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ʳ佫ɫһ䣬ֱӡ
ƣô£ΪʲôͻȻ׷ˣ
ѵƳˣ
ܣǴʤʱôܻ

һȺʳ࣬ԶʮͻȻûκ׵ĺˣĿɿڴȫ֪ʲôڹȥͬսսʤǿĶ֣ˣʱ򣬽սʤǳնɱ
ҪʤʱͻȻˣ黹û
Ǹ˵쵽ô£
һȺȫ˵
ˣ
ͬʱһһɽͰߴ󣬷·ͭӰͻȻ֮仺վĿ±һɱɽĿֲһɲǣ¡¡ضҡض·ܲס˵Ĳ
ôܣ
˹ĺںɫӶԶıһɾ˵ĺâƺƣ˹ϵϢҲӴѹͬǧ֣͵ϣѹ˷еͷͬϰ㣬ɪɪֲ̿
ⳡʹ֮սʯ䣬˹ʧأֻǿճ־õĹս˹ʼնǴ򶨣Ųңһָ̣ڷ˵͸ǰδеӡ
֧ƾ쵽ʲôˣ
˹ѾܾûĶˣԴӼ飬һĬĬĴʳ۹Сʿʼһֱ϶ܶ۹İͼչӽ˹ӽΪֹУսʤһһĶ֣˹ѾܾûԼоĶˡ
Ȼûм֧Ԯͳ˧εĸս֣Ѿð˹ѾֲõĸоεĶֿ±ԼĻҪұԼκһ֣ҪѲ
һлԶûн
ܶˣ쿴
һͻȻӶߴһľݣͦкҰԵĴʳͻȻָԶ˳ָЩ˴ǰˣ˷ææµµͨгǧðŻ¯Լһ۰˹ɫ֮ǽ
һɲǼ䣬˴ʳ佫жһ˵ĹС
սΣյĵطֻһ֮䡣ڴ֮ǰû˸ҰַսԱĹսֻЩɫĸ֮ǽû֪ЩʲôμôսôĶ֣ݻ١ôĹȣʳ˻ûֹս
¶첮˶ˣ
˹ֶԶͻȻԥ
ǣܶˣ
һʳٺܿ첦תͷҴȥ

үͣˡ
Զ˹⣬һƥͻսϣԶͻȻ̲סսҵʱÿ˵ĿⶼЩףһƬŵĴʳҾϣĴַûôע⡣ʱ򣬵´˳˵뽻սʱ侲ͻע⵽ʳ˳˵ٶԽԽ󷽵ĵطЩʳ˵ľֱӳͣļ󣬸ûмܡ
ΣɾԲһ־ȫޣѾսܵĴļ


880 ʳ˶
ֻǵȻһЦһĻԤ֮Сʳ˽թޱȣȻӵǿҾʮǿ󣬵ȴϲթڰ˵ʱȦյо룬ҲֻдʳľӲĳ
ϱӣʳսʤ֮ɳǿľͦ˹ظԭҪ˹ص۹âܺͰƴֿ⵽ش죬˳ʱ򣬴ʳ˾ʹսΪʤ˹ص۹ش
һʷ£ڴʳֹթսָơҪǣΪһʥսϵĸֱ仯һ˿Ϳˣοʳ˵ս˸˱ͦһ㶼ܵӡ
ȥӿ칤޽

ǣ
һսܿȥ
ЩʳԶĻҪƻϵʮİȫⳡս¹شÿһ˶㾡ȫ壬ִ巢ÿһĿ±򡢳ԪȸӰֹԺˣ˶ææµµŵĲս
ݣ
һܿʧڴ֮С
¡¡
뿪󲻾ã𶯣̳˵ĴʳУһ֧ϢǿսӡֺɫͼĴʳ֧Ϣǿϵʿÿһڱ۵ʱÿһܶŨŨĺɫ
֧ǰӵĴʳȻʧɫө֮°㡣
߰ǧ۵糸ڵĵط
ˣϮ
ͬʱ󣬳ףһľ٣ֱķ
ˣʸδã
ֻһЦ̧ͷԶһۣ鲨һ֧߰ǧ˵ľӣڴ˵ûʲôӰ졣ܴʳǰйʲôĴ˵ִսһ񻰾Ѿעսᡣ
߳±дɣ

ǣ
û뵽ᷢ͵һ̧ͷֻУ΢΢ЦԶսһʤȯյӣܵĸȾһԭĽһӾʧصӦһȥ

׼
սǰˣ±Ŀǰһ棬̳ʮɸߣҲǿҵĲ͸̳±Կһʳɱһ㣬Ӷ漱ٳ
֮ǰκһʳ˶֧ͬϣ±оһɼѹָоӰΣͺ籩һϢǲܳ±ǧС飬˶ʯһ˿
ǹϵ˫һ֧±ǧСض˲ءȻһｵһǰǲǺųµһ֣ӳ±ĳСֵһ̿ʼһо֮ı䡣
ϣ
һ±ɫ£еĳ߸߾бָǰų±ĶУһĺʿվڳǰһѸٵĽеУļܿ׼ǰĲ˶
ĳС飬Ϊһ飬һ˸ʱУ˸Լ
ɱͣ壡
ͬʱ̳Уһ߿Ѫ쳹룬һɫ۾ɫĴʳ߽С¡𵴣һǿҵ˳ʮɸߡڴʳУ¶ԲǿǸһ¡ηĽ
˶ǰ˹ִӴʳ۹ľ͸ļʿڰ˹¾֮һɫϼԵֵ󲿷ֵ󡢺͹Ĺܶķıֻǳǳӡǡ
һģӴĻս֮У˶ܹƾϺص׳ܼͬʱҲսǿĵطɢˣҶԷͣڴʳеĹ֡
һسɱ˶ɢԷԼ˻΢΢Ҳǰ˹ɳǵҪԭ
ʮɣ
ʮɣ
ʮɣ

ԽԽ±вͣؼţе˼㣬֧ʳٶȼޱȣսֲֻҪһ©ʹ󣬶ܵǧСȫû
ţ
ŵɲǣ±еĳصĻ¡
䣡
ľ죬ڳ±гɲǣһ֧ɳĴִһϣһ˻Ѫ֣ǰĴʳս˲䱻̳һڴѪȶսףսĶͷ룬δ̳Ȼ̴󷽵ĵڶʳһֱʳͣĵطһѪֲ
úף
±򿴵һĻסƤǴ⹤յҲǹǿЩÿһǧҪϲܳºҪʮ򣬸Ӵġۼֵͼ൱ͬĻƽ
ΪˣƵĳ˿ֲΪ֮
֮ǰԸʳ˵ʱ򣬳±ĳÿһ䴩߰ʮʳ֧֪ľʳÿֻ䴩ƥﵽͷˡ
֮ǰû
±۾һգֻһ˲ͻָ֧ʳжôĺءʵǧСǰע۵
ڶУ䣡
±򳤽һٴ
䣬ǧٴαĲ˶ȫڼСϣ˻һһĲ˶˳±쵼ĳǰ
䣡
һһǧС鱻±ֳУÿһǧСΪһУһ꣬һнϣһһ֣һ㣬ϵȫûпյ
߰ǧ˵Ĳ˶ʱ˲أȻûһܹ嵽ʮɵķΧڡԳ±ΪޣǰɵķΧڣΪһƬѪ˻ҽײĺһƬǴʳ˲˶ʬ壬ǧˡǧˡǧˡʳǵĲ˶ǧСǰԾ˵ٶ⵽ش
쳷
һĻʳ찢¶ɫˡ˵Ĺ̫̫Ѹˣֶص䣬޼϶Ĺʹðǧ˶ȫûл嵽˵ľǰֲ̫ˣ¶һӶûмµĹӡ
¡¡֧˶Ŀ죬ȥҲ죬ֻʱ߰ǧˣȥʱֻʣһǧ˲ǵĲ˶ӣһս
ͣ
±򳤽һᣬǧСֹͣһĵģųһУͺûжļɣһ۾̵ܸӰ졣
󳵴ǿĵطڸһطأ׷֮ȴ
ƽٶôȲٶȵġ


881 ʳͳ˧
ʮԮָܿƽֻ¿ŨŨѪζԼǰˣĲ˶ʬ壬֤ŸոյĲԼƵǿͿֲ
棬ץ޽£
ʼԱս
ά󳵣װٴμһ飡

һϵĴȥеĴƾӶææµµͬʱԵþȻһжڸļƻͰĽš
ͬʱŰ¶ͳ˧Ĳ˶شȥеĴʳ糱ȴûκε̽
ܶˣ¶ʧˣ˲û׷ɱ
ڰ˹ֵԣǵ¿ڵ
ǵʮңһĶ룬ɫ絶ƽޱȡΪʳ˵ĶܶͬʱҲǰ˹ֵĸٺǵжм縺Ҫúʹ
Ȼʵû밬˹ôǿ󣬵ǵҲǿ۷׼Ҫ̤󽫼ĶǿߡֹˣǵͬʱһıǻۺıһΪ˹ء
֮ǰĴսǵһֱͳų˵ʿʧ͵٣Եڲųڰ˹ԡ
ǵ£ͳ˧ô
һƬĬ֪˶ã˹ֿǰڵĿ䣬ɫƽ˭Ҳʲô
֪Ƕ˽⡭
ǵǰüͷ¶˼ɫ
˲ǰģһս֥ѰеĶ⽫춼ˡбģӦǴƵ۹Ļʵ۱ɹġҼǵ֮ǰɹͳƵ½̽Ϣǲ֪ʲô飬ЩͳʧȥϵûдϢǱ˷ˣ룬ʵǷǳϧ
³ֵͳ˧ȻûϢҲĸλãǴı˿ѾǵľҲǳǿ֮ǰʱ򣬸֥˴Ҳʹ־޴ûôֲ׼ͷٶǸ֥Աġ
ָоͳ˧±ȸ֥ҪԶԸ
ǸսҪ
˹΢΢üͷǵµЩ⡣µս֥İ˴ʳشڴ֮ǰ˹Լʳ۹׳־Ҫƾʮɨռƣ﷢δй׳١
ǣһ֥ټһ˹֮ǣð˹ֺǿĴʳһش졣ȻΪˣǰ˹ִԼĶ֣Ǹ֥ȷʵΪԼֵʸ
ܣ˹ɱԷͷûб
ڣǵ¾ȻΪԷͳ˧ȸ֥Ҫ
ʵϣһûмʱ޷жսıԣҵֱ֥»û취ȡ
ǵһ
֥һǿĶ֣µļսʼհʳ˵⡣Ǹ֥ƾĲԼսıԣ˹֮ǵĳǸǽȻսãԶûô
ڶû¶Ĵͳ˧ֻһͻɱŷش˰¶Ĳ˶ⳡνӴսУɱ˽ӽʮĴʳʿ
³ֵĴԮҲʮ˶Ѱ
һ㣬ֵǵ¶λƵͳ˧ǰδеˡολͳ˧ûнκεĳǳء
˹˲ĬˣҲ¶صɫǵ²սô꣬ǵµжϺֱ˹ǳΣһʮʱ䣬˹ֻûпǵڻûмԷͳ˧£͸ôߵۡ
¡¡
˼ʱͻȻһǰ֮ǰκκȻͬѸٵ˰˹ֺǵµע⡣̧ͷԶԶأֻƵľӺ󷽣ĹʿһЭæµţһŹֵģ޴ģ沼׶ɫӣɵİװЩߴĸ֮ǽϡ
һĻλʳ˵ͳ˧ɫж͸˷ŭɫ
Ȼ֪Щɫĳӵʲôܣ˵ľ飬һ۾ͿǺĳǿķеЩɫĳټϸߴĸ֮ǽЩʱȻˡ
ǾȻģŶʮʳӵ棬Ƥ£޼ɵĴģ£
ֱһֳƣ
ڴʳǿֲͻĴʣе۹̸ɫĶڹʷУûκεĶ֣ôʮʳӡ
쵰
ǵºݺݵ߬ȭͷɱǡ˹Ȼû˵ɫҲ
ܶˣȫѹϣЩ˵Ĵȫ壡Ǽֱ̫ˣ
һԱߴ˹ΧеĴʳͳͳ˹ĿȼܵĻ档ʳ˵սŷսܣܴʳӣοĴʳڶûг֡
һͷս֮ǰȻͬ
ˣ
˹ͻȻͺһɫޱȣɲǼ䣬еĴʳȫһͷ¶˾ηɫ
ţ
ҵдȫˣ٣
ǣܶˣ
Աһսս
˹ŭ𣬲ĿǰЩƾӣбò˭Ҳ֪ЩʲôǱģʳ۹İͼ£ǵһսʤƵĶܶ
ڴ֮ǰκһçײ¡

ڰ˹׼֮󣬷˽ʱͻȻһͷಣһֻɫŸ缲շ£˫һգ䵽˰˹ֱֵϡ
ɫŸзĽڰ˹ֱֵϣ߶ţҽϣ˶һžİɫѩ㡣
ˣ
ֻɫŸ룬Ĵʳ컹ûзӦǰ˹ֺǵ»࿴һۣӶԷпͬĴ㵺;ȡӺɫŸȡѩ㣬չ˹ֻǿһۣʱùŹ
ܶˣ˵ʲô
ǵǰսһڵ
˹û˵ֻǽеѩ˹ȥ
⡭
ѩϵݣǵµҲ΢һ˫ɫ͸
ھ࣬ݻжս
ǣˣ

ͬʱԶ˹֮⡣
үˣʳĳˣ
ߣȸһֻڶǰǰĴʳ糱ˮˣ̲סһ˷ܵȸսԱԿս֮һֱߡǡ²á֪ׯƽΤ˼Ծ䣬ĸϣȫɢǰߣͳ˧вߵģֻʣȸȼˡ
ûô򵥣ⳡսŸոտʼ
ڣǰ˵Ĵʳţ˫֣ȻһЦ


882 ž޵սԹۣ
ʳѾ˺Զľ룬ȴû˻شʳĶɺңңѾʳ˵ķûսһˣʧķ֮ϵıǾԲ׺󳷵ġ
ҲǴʳѲͿµĵط
ҲǴʳΪߵԭ
ֻΣǴƺ塣Ϊκʹʳ֮ľս׼ã˴ľеݣʮ䱸˳ȸ׵ȵе־ս
۹עֻһ棬˹֣ĵ۹Ǵʳ
ƵᣬԺȴ֮ʯǾ仰κζżȻģϣٷ۹ͬʱУҲ൱ݵĴڣһƺʹʳ˹սҰ֮ɥʧȻӴһ¶⣬չͶñתΪڶҲϵ˥䡣
һֱΪֻżȻǴ֮ʯ͸¶ϢһԶˡ
򣬾ǴƣΪ˴ƣΪԺǧˣ嶼Բˣ
ЩͷԺзӶָܿƽ
ȸӥȸɢȥʱӴʳ˵ĶһᰲŹַ㣬һʳ˵ַ󽫻㽫Щȫɱ

ʳ˵ٶȼ죬ҼΪͣȻȸһҲֻǴʳӵһ֧ƾȸӥСӣҪԸʳ˵ӣδԵ沿ϿվлҲرΪʳƵս
ǣү
ȸѸȥ
ڴƵľ֮Уûһӿеӥȸ顣ȸҲӥСսУԽԽҪáζԴʳ˵սȸǰʳѲߵսĽȻͬ
ȸȥһĿܿãã纣Ĵʳšһεսһĵ˵ڶûеǳɸոЩʳ˲˶ĹУоԷ־
һθյĽ棬ҲһεĽ
˹֣
оԷһ̽ζҲ͸󳵾ţչʾԼ־λ˫˧ĵһνĻʤ֪һлԶûн
Ǹ֮ǽ𣿡
ʱһϵӶߴ֥ͦһԣĿ⿴ǰͻȻڵ
һ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
ǣ
仰֥оâ䣬ͫӹһ˿Ĺâ֮սԳǧ岼ĸ֮ǽսսʤ˴޺͸޷ϴֵ÷з½֪ȱһֱۣ˹ظԭϽһ֮ǣҽսʤ˶ç֧ʹâܣս£죬֥Զš
֥⻹ǵһΡ

֥һĨɫԵһ
ʳľսǽзָȷʵܽʳ˵ͳ״ݻ١û͵ƣҲûôˡ˵˼άпգ뵽뵽ĵطֲܵʥΪ۹Ķ
˹֮ⶼǿҰǳзأ˹֮ǵĳǸǽǲǸһ㣿
һ仰¶˸֥⡣Ԯڳʳ֮󣬸֥Ϊ˳ͦУ˹֮Ǻһأڿڳ£ʮȫûǵ˼͸֥ıȫͬ
ڳأûտǲĵΣڸ֥ʵðաֻǣ屾ģݵλƽƽֱָ֥Ÿ֮ίرԼ˼
Ը֥ݣѾ൱ء
Ǻǣˣ֪˼
嵭ȻһЦĿ⿴ǰƵᣬľֹݣһȻȻ
ҵȻ֪˹֮ǳǸǽ񣬵ϸЩǲòģЩҲòðʳڣͼȾָĿɲֹʯʹƣĿġо仰·ʤܺʹģҲֻĴʳ۹ˡһ㣬Ӧᡣǲܳ׵Ļǣ״Ƶǿ£½Ż
ʤ̭ǿʳ磬Ǵܹ֮ͳ򣬿ľǿ󡣴ʳܹŵȾָƣҲǿ󡣲ܴʶûʶǵִﵽһһоѾעһսֻҪǸҽǳأ¶һηӣʳ˾ͻӵϣʱǾͻȻʧڰѺò׽ƹáӦףѾûκοԵɵıˣ
˵˴һ٣Ŀ⻺ɨˡΧĵģеİڽߵ佫˶˵ǷĿ׷䵽ϣÿ˶ɫء
ƣӴԶԼˣеıѾһգ˵ģ˹¾ķˡ
һսʤͿԻʮİȫʳ˵ĽŲӦ֪˹ľӻֻǸ۹ڶı۹ٻıڻں󷽡û̫ѡһʧܣȫģ¤Ҳڴʳ˵в֮أЩǲòǵģ
һ˰˧֥
֥û˵һ˫üͷȴΪߣӦľͳսʤ̣ϵĴʤ̡һԸ֥Ż˵Ƿ˹֮ǡ
ȴȻͬսϵ۹ͿԶԼҪԶöࡣϸ˼֥ҲòϣⳡսȷʵкܶطԼûпȫġ
ˣ
֥ĵ˵ͷĿһۣͺһʶʮĴһ㡣
ŲһԶʤ֥֮йᣬ֮ǰĽڶʹ¼Լͦ˵ʱ˼棬Ը֥ݶô൱һΪܹǰӣðΣմԮ
ıԼ桭ȻܹŷΪּ֥Ķ󽫣йȫʤս۽ʶԶԶͨ佫ûºӡ
ǵ˵ⷬ¶˹֮սϵȫ̿ȴø֥һθܵľγԼκδ󶼻󽫾ȻʧɫսԸ߶ȣԶĿ⡣
žޣ
֥ûһˣһһϣоһԶԼĲܡ
һоͰն˵˼ɣ֪ⷽ涼ʲôҪǰϵģĳһȫ֧֡
֥


883 ޵ŭ
ǺǣǵءֻҪһվɾͿˣ˹֮ǳǸǽӵȻƣվӸ£ķʳеĶһ࣬ⷽ滹Ҫ˵ϡ
ȻһЦ
ţá
֥˵ͷµʶƵľӲͬڰУ֥ӵоԵȨšѰָȨ壬ҲʹָָӰ
ңֻȻͬƣϵͬǿšһ𣬷ͻĿıˡܾ֥Ľ飬ָ֥ӣ˸ֱ˴˶õİţȹȫ˸֥ĵλֽ֧ӵսӵ˼¡
ø֥øд
壡Ҫɱ㣡
˽̸ʱͻȻƺƣһͬʨŭХӳڴⱩͻ˲˵ע⣬嶼ʶŤͷˣâһһ޴Ӱͬһ㣬ӳڳ˳

ƺƣ˹˻ûзӦǱװĸߴӰѾһ޴ĺɫǧԿѵ֮Ƴݺͷû£Ƿ籩ĿֲѾϯܣΧһƽƵõ˿

һ˷ˣ޷޵˻дǸߴӰ󣬹ӰãŤһͷţżУëоų߶ߵĹӰƾճ֣ǸߴӰ϶ΪһɢһɸҡͣĿϢ
Ҫ
ס֣
Ĵ󶼻

Χ˶»޵ľٶסˡ
ޣ֣öԶ
һԣǧĿкһ̤ӭȥеĳֱָ޵񸫡ǰâһƺϵǧдһУһŤѸٵ˳ǧ
㣡
ǧһͣͣǧ۷ĵ۹׼ʵǿȻȲǧҲ̫ࡣҪǣ»Ͱһսʮ꣬ڰ·ǳ˽⣬˳ǧһŻա
ǧǰеɽݺݿȥ
ߣޣã
һ쳹գ˶һĻסʱֻ廹ƽƺϵһĻ
ˣ
Ŀ£˫֮кⱩǣվĵطΪģΧ֮ڣŤģѸֳһһ»Ӱ
Ǭ

һͻȻ컯ǿžһǰһͬʱʹ޵ġ족صײһ𡣺䣬˹ԲʮڣеĿ˷ޱ޼ʵıը
̶ʱڣ޾ͷʷǰһϵĽʮʽ䣬һΣһΣ͵ķ˳ȥŭʯһ㣬ʽһգԭһ
ܿ񱩵Ҳеɲǣƽ˾ƽϢ
컯ڿΧҪԶԶй
쵰Ҫ˺㣡
һ࣬޳۾ҧгݡոأ˼һ죬ͬ籩ٴγ
ס֣
ͻȻһȣ͸Ȩ˶𡣻û޳Զ¡һһɽȻ޵Ӱıŭɱޱһһٶȶʱ˲١
ܵǹɱŭζ޻һ飬ͻȻ֮˲٣ͣ˽Ų˹Ƶľ֮Уܸѹֻһˣ֥
ˣ쵰ȻҿѺǲں󷽵ˣζҪɱ꣬ͰһɱйǸ»¼˵ͷ֮ޣ
͵ŤͷһԵİ󶼻֥޺޵
»սպв޲ηΪѣ죬û˸ǡû뵽Լս󷽾Ȼ˶ϼҡ
£Ǹ棬ͬţƥڣȻ°ӣΪʣȫϵս׾ǰʮͳ˧ĸܵ
ޣ԰꣬Ҫ嶯ǴƵĴ󶼻λ߾¡öġ飬Ҷס㡣Ҷ˲ǲˣôһԭ򡣲ô˵
֥
ʵǿ󣬶ò׺ݣܹѹסûмҲֻԼסڸ»ں󷽵ˣǰ޾Ѿܵ״ˣֵ÷з
ڽսҵʱ򣬴˹˹ܾս֥Ϊ˹֪󷽵Ҳûа취ʮԮϵս°֮͸Ӳôˡ
һǲսʮѣһǺԼƽƽжȵ󶼻Ը֥ĵλһʱ֮ҲԾ񡣵Σ֥ţôһɡ
ˣʲôɣһĲ
޳۾ݺݵĶ壬ŭɶĿɱˣѾˡ
Բģ
һŲĳ˹ȥľֹݣȴ͸¶˿˿ϣߵʱһǿѹ籩ϱѹ£ΧĴڽ׷ȥ˹ŸܹѹģҲֻи֥ǧԼ޵ȼˡ
ʵճ̤ʱ̣Ѿն׼ĶǿߡȻʵǿպգҲȴâܡǶ˸һһսа˳ϵİգնɱ
ޣ㱳壬ܴʳ˵Ļ¸ͼһУ㶼ΪҲ֪𣿡
Ŀǰͣǳ
䣡
һ䣬ʯ쾪˷˶Ļסˡ
ޣʳˣôܣ
»ǲսʮ꣬һֱ벻ôܱѣ
ˣ᲻ŪˣǲǷʲô᣿

˶壬̫ˣŸ»ṴʳѴơôս»ͰѾǳܣϣаĽʿܲ˸»ᱳ¡Ȼûע⵽󷽵͵ĳ鴤һ£ͺһ°㡣
˵㲻ҪѪˣɱ㣡
͵ŭһѪ죬͸һǿҵɱǱɫ޸һҪٴƿնҺ֮ǰͬһΣ޿ʹʮֵľ
ϰȥֻҪ޸һ£ͬţƥڣ»ȫɱ⣬һ
忴һĻֻǲмЦһûһ¡
ǣˣ
䣡
һ䣬޺һϣ͸һеľ޸ţȻҲȥˡɱҲһ˲ƵƤһʧĸɸɾ򵥵һ仰סߴһһǻŭȫ˻ȥȫй
壬ң


884 ֮
ֻһɲǣ޵˫ٴαѪޱȣεóѪΪպ޴ܵغ;ηûһ˸һΪҪЮ
˵ֱܴ裡
ֻȻһЦûа޷Ŀ⻺ɨܿ˰ǧʹ󶼻֥ϣĻ򼤶㵣ãͬǳǧΪ󶼻ĸ֥λͳ˧һƬƽԶûô
еȻһЦ·ʲô
ޣҪû㣬ǴƵ֮Ը»нĵλΪǣⲢͿԺƽƽֻҪٸһ£·ϡҪκεɣͿֱӰγ»
Ӹ£ޡͺ񿴵޵
չӶʱɱӺһ޳ˣԾв䡣УɵĲˣǸ»ǲ޳Ĳ䡣
»ʹʳᣬս󵹸꣬Ӱǳ֮Զͨı廹ҪӵöࡣǸ»Ǹ֥ļģ廹㶯֡
ˣ᲻ŪˣûпĲ䣿»ǲսô꣬һֱʵɿûбѹôܺʹʳ᣿
ſڣһ佫̲סǰ
˷ޣ顣Ҳսôã˭ܱǣ»ܱѣ
һĽ˳
ǲ壬޺Ͱ꣬һһѪսнģϣ˺˵Ļ
忴һĻаҡͷ˺ǲͬģ˺ͺҲǲͬġ»ѣûһ׼վ˵ҲѹûԼ֣˹֮սܳ»󵹸꣬·£ӻһǧ˶
ûʲôܣҪˣ»ǹӶǴƵ֮ԸǲսΪǵĸжΪǸĳ㹻ߣ
Ŀ磬ɨΧһ˲䣬еİĬˡ˵ģǵȻףֻʱˣ˶ˣ»ǺǲһġʵǿܱѵģֻǴҲԸŶѡ
彫˵ı۵ף΢΢̾Ϣһ߷һ֮Ҫڶʱı䰲Ը»ӡǲܵģЩ廹Ǳ˵ҪѰȻԺ󻹻еڶ»
ӶֻΪͽս˭ļ۸ߣΪ˭սڹȥʮƿļһֱߵģҰһֱս޲ʤ»ֻҪںҡźʤ׷ˡôСرߵ飬»Ȼûбѵԭ򡣡
ûбѣΪʵɿֻΪûֵñѵɣ⣬ԶҪˣţǺ˲еĶֻǿʳ˭ǿ͸˭Ǹûõġ
峤仰޺͸»Ϊ壬԰ղܰҵнյķ١
Ƿ£壬ҵĵ£ǸûõġʨӺϻܹ֮Х֣ͳޣƾѹԵʵ塣
Ĵͬˡ
ޣٸһᣬ˵棬̹׵ĻһһĻ»£ȫ·һ
嶢ޣޱȡ
һɨݺݵһ£ܿͻָ
쵰Ҹ֪˵ʲôˣǸ»ϱսʮ꣬ûйҲпͣͷǾԴǵ𣿡
û壬ŤͷһԵĸ֥͸ȵķŭƵ궼ڣԣҼѶԸʱҲֻܼϣڸ֥ˡ
ޣ԰ֲ꣬ǵˣôһʲô
֥˵Ҳ壺
޺͸»ǰѣһкܶĸ飬ҲֵΪ޺ʹʳ˹ᣬϣóȷ֤ݣýʿŷ
һЦӸ֥һ仰ĸоһЩ
˸߼ޣͷ㻹ڴǲƺĲˣ
ᵯָĶ޵
ߣ壬ǣڿ˵Ǻʹʳ˹ᣬòŷ֤ݣ޶ģܸʲôۣҲһҪǧУйͷ֮ޣ
޺ݺݵ񸫣ɫޱȡȻô˵ʵϣǰŵȻ飬вҲЩ
ޣȻҾͳȫ㣡
ȻһЦź֣
ѦǧѶɣ
һ仰Χնʱһ䣬ȻޱȣΧ˵Ŀ׷˹ҲһͻȻҲЩˡ
֮ô򶨣Ϊûʲô֤ݣó֤ݣһоȫͬ
գգ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һصĽŲӺ󷽴ڰ˵ĿУѦǧһУ̫ͦѨ߸¡𣬿͵ļʿӺ
ʿһһǣ̧һֻ޴Ļ侫䣬ܿǰ䣬һףֻľ޴ص׹ڵϣһĺ
ںУÿ˶зһͺǧСζײһ
ϣ
ѦǧɫĮȻ˷±ɲǣ鵶һ˱ϵĽ˳һƣƿ˱ĸӡ
䣡
еĶһƬȻǱ飬װ˸顢觡䡢ɺбʯֵԹ
޿һĻ׻һ㣬˺üˡ
ʲô
ǧƤһʵ
ˣ̽иλĽʿǣ觾ҴӸ»һصĶѨѳġô顢觡䣬ӦòǶ͵İɣ˵һֻܹӶĸ»ʲôʱѧᾭ׬Ǯˣ
Χ˵
ΧһƬˣһĽʿǱĿ鱦ʯһ鶼΢
͸»ųڵĹӶϵÿһսҪĳ𡣵ǣǰҲܸ»ôӴĲƸ
解䱦ʯҪͬĻƽصĶࡣһ解䱦ʯվһԵİ٣Ѽļֵ
޺͸»ңֽڼˡÿսʤ¶ӻʮʱ䣬ҲۼƳôĲƸ
ˣЩĶǸ»𣿡
һĽվ˳һĿѣԵıڴ֮ǰô˵¶ûţ»ʹʳ˹ᡣ
ǵһ䱦һоͽȻͬԭᶨҡˡ
Ǻǣ
Цҡҡͷ˵ĿУһָ
ڿıֻеһѣı»У䣡


885 »ĩգ
¡
ıﻹо䣬ǧﶼ̲סƤһıﻹǿͣʮ䱦ʯ»ʮ겻ԲȣҲܻôĲƸ
ôӴĲƸڸ»У˵ûпɣɵӶš
һɲǣһ˫˫ɵĿȫ˸»޵ϡ
壬㲻ҪѪˣ
̲סŭȵ
ЩҼû֪ô£ңǸ»ǹӶ䣬ѵʲô鶼ҪдĹŹ˴ĲƸҲвٵĲرͼ˵ڻвٵĲ׷ѰѵЩҲҪ𣿡
ޡŭ
޴ûһϸܵôǿҵв˷â¶ͱ˵Ƽֱ֧穣Եֵһ֮дδġ
ģ⵽ô£鼫أô֪ģ
мֱǼһ㡣ӿʼһֱһ˳ûгһսҲһֱǷɱУûгһѾڴս֮󣬽ʳ˵ͳ׼
Ȼ˭֪׼󵹸꣬򿪳ţѴʳڵһͻȻյǷšеļƻȫˣ㵽Ϊֹ޶֪˴һԶ궼ô֪飬һص顣
ֻüݡ
޵ġڡѸٷãرͼ˵ҲѸٱܣȻǾЩͻأٱȸ»䱳ѴƣʳҪŵöࡣΧնʱ΢ı仯˿޵Ŀ˲ࡣ
رͼ
һЦƺϵдһ˵
ԣҲǲرͼԭ𣿡
ƶűһ飬䣬֮гǧ䱦ʯͺܵһ˿ߵǣ׷״ա˿ʼԻ󲻽⣬һ̣ӵ±һҫ۵Ľ⣬˷׷ױɫ
ʳң
Щ䱦ʯ£һԲĵҫ۽ң飬˱ĵײЩԲεĽҺʹƵĽȫͬЩҵǳľ£һ͹ͷ˾
òϿԶĴʳһģһҵı桪

׵УһĽͻȻ˹ȥһ죬ͳһҷ˹
Ǵʳ˵Ľң
ı棬ȻǴʳ˵ġ
һѾһĿȻʲôرͼҲʲôŹĲƱǴʳ۹ĶЩΪ˻¸»䣬ͳӴƸ
ޣ쵰
Χڽ޵ĿɱһߵĽİ佫Ѫ۾ŭһ͵سϵĳһն˹ȥ
飡
˺ʯ䣬һͺɫ޸ֵסһ
ݣһݣǲҪ嶯ҪСɱˣ
ɫ䣬ͣĴУһߺˣһæ񵲣
Ǹ»ǲսôΣѵǶ𣿶ԸʦǰһΣڻǵкͿӵսҲǱڣǴ˳ţкͿһǾǶˡѵЩǶ𣿡
ЩʳĽңҺһǰߣ֪ô¡һݺԣǸ»䣬ôˣһ֪ǺʹƵĹϵصʹּıԸǡǾְ취䣬ܹξԲǵóѰ
ޡʹļסһıߣиԩ
޵˵ǣȺˣٴԥȷʵô꣬»Ͱսȷʵ˲ˣЩԸݺ»ȫܵġ
رǵЩ£ԽĲ̣ԭЩʳҶ޺͸»ĻҲɶһԵĸ֥Ҳ΢΢üͷЩ̡
忴һĻ΢΢һ¡»Ͱ֮Ĺ£岢һжǰһǵһ׮¡һֻһԸĴѡ
»ǹӶԶֻΪսԶı䲻˵ġ
ϧ»֪֮꣬»ʳǲʵЩ䱦ʯ֤ǳɹˣ롣еЩֻ̣ԼһԸˡ
壬˸»ֻʹʳ˽׵ĳѡ
壬빲ĸ»˸÷ѵʱһ㶼Ậٰ֪սʿûڴʳ˵УȴԩЩ»Ϊڸ»ķѺ׼ӻľһǧ˶ʵ
뵽޻ƭˣǵĸ飬ڲͣĽƱ棬бһ񣬶ڸ»Ҳʹޡ֥ᱻɱΣɲᡣ
ޣ㲻ýƱˡʳҵ£˵ݺǺǹᣬϵǸʳ˼Ҳ𣿱ˣǼ档Ϊ޷죬û뵽˻ᱻץסɡȻڶƱ棬ǾʰɡѦǧǸʳ⣬һҲôô£
һź浶Ѧǧ
ǣˣ
ѦǧӦһ䣬˵вźȥ鲻˿ԥȻ׼
ˣ
һĻ֮ǰһֱԩɫ䣬ʳҵǿ棬ƾ겢սġꡱðڽԼǴʳһô棬Ҳû˿ôˡ
ܵģôģ
ô벻ףΧһֱڰ֮󶼻ô֪ôϢġӲŵǣǸαװ֮󣬽»Ĵʳôеģǿǰ
ңԼǵãѾشʳ۹ѵ˵ֳʲô£ûлȥֻߣܹȥԼԲ󶼻У
ʯ䣬ͷӹԺһƬκˡ𺳺ĻŵģԶǸ£ѾѺһ˫ַͷŲֵĴʳˣԼķ첽ϿǵԼǢǸʳˡ
𣡡
ޱһ뷢ţҲ̲סˡ˶ԶѦǧѺ͵Ǹעɲǣλպĸ»ͻȻѣ
Сӣ̫ˣ
ʳ˷źţ֪ͨеһѣ˺һ𣬸ɵ
ǰһ˵Ǵԣһ䣬ȴǸ»ˡˣ˵棬ʹʳ˹Ѿ¶ֻȷѣռȻ˵°еЩԱлҪЮǣųԸ»Ů٣Ϊ»ȡһ·Ļ·һˣ


886 ֮
ߣڤ粻飡
Цһһĺ⡣޵ıȻͻأȴƺԤϵһĻ¡޴˷ѵɲǣαһֻӰƿնȫ£ļƬ񶯣ﬣֻһԽĽ˵Ŀ⣬ϵȸֽĽ⡢֮٣ֱնȥ
Ȼٶȿ죬һ˵ٶȱ廹Ҫ졣
ޣʵڡ̫ʧˣ
һһ㣬ͻȻ˵Ķ͸¶ʧԭһ͸һĸ»޾ͺʲôһ°㣬һеľ޸òˣʧ
ˣ
պգӲ䣬бųˡֵģ廹֮ҲֻбΪսĸ֥ˡ¡޵δ䣬һɷ籩ĻϢͻȻ޵ĸ֪УԾ˵ٶޱƽ
ɲǼ䣬޵ɫ԰ֽ
¡
ʯ䣬ֻ춯صľ죬˾ĿУ˹Ӱ˹Ÿײһ𣬰ͬХһ㣬ΧȺȫɨԲʮ֮ڣ˶ᣬƼȥȻûһ˿㡣
ã
Сģ
ǵ̫ǿˣˣ

ΧһƬҡ塢֥ޣ⼸ȫǴƾ֮ʵǿߣּǿ߽֣ǿ߿Կ˵ǲˡǻÿ죬ȥҲ죬ǵأǿƥˣֻһգ۾ʧӰ١
ȵΧ˴ӵսѾ
ˣ
ѦǧһУӵ뵽ս֮У̧ͷǰ龰˶ʱסˡֻǰȻԼһȸսһֻŸ»޵Ĳӣ˫أ߸ߵ
ʹȴôҲˡƾǯһȵģεĶ˵Աߣ֥һɽͰ㴣ԱߣԲеһжֹһ㡣
˭Ҳ֪ոշʲôǺʣսѾˡ
޾Ҳͬʱеùλ󶼻֡
ˣˡԩҽͣ
ɫףɫֻʣʹȻסĲӣȴİ󶼻֥սʵ𣬵Ǿˣ۹ʥ۷ǿڣҲ޿Աġ
֥ûɱȴȫеѨޣһȴȫʩչ
ޣ̫ʧˡ
˵ĿУ֥˵ˣü͸һ˵Ĳ˪µսûлǸ»ıѣȴλʤİսܵһƣۣ
ܴʳ˵ĽҲ⡣Ͼ»ǹӶ䣬͵ĽҪײҪҪˣҲþҪǸɻǣΪʮȻҪѴƣʳˣء̫ʧˡԭʮĲսֵֻʮ
ˣģġ
ɫҰףڿУ˫ʹİƣȴ޼¡
仰˵ˡʳ˸ĵȻֹʮû´Ļʳ˿϶ŵ㣬֮󣬱Ȼȫֲ㣬ָ֧»ͳ򣡡
ЦͷޣһԾͶġ
ˣ
ԭʹ仰ͬ⵽ػһɫʱԽĲҰˣ˫Ҳ
忴ޣĳӶûвؿԵģǵУһж۵ģֻû˳롣޺͸»Щ飬Ϊأôùⳡ˹֮սûĳ֣֮󣬴û㹻ıѸٵĶ˰Լ
»󵹸꣬ΪشĹսȻõĺôûдƵĺʱΪһĴֻʱ㲻㣬ʳ۹Ҫ˹֮սͳһƣͻʡ˹أԼĿ֮ĵطġ
ֻǿϧʳսʧڴܴ֮ͦԭҪ˳ߵ˹ص۹ȴȻ֪СԭӦô¡شòȴŵĽŲ
»ҪΪʳˣͳҲ֮𣬴ˮƯˣ˹֮ս»Ҳһսߡսǰδеչ
ʵţڼҹ磬գߣȴչûٱݵˡ
壬˹ĲҰܣԼ»ĵ־ʱҲֻܺݺݵȭͷΪڣȻ»ˣ»ǰƣٻǾ룡

ͻȻһ̾ϢӶߴ֥Ƴһޣҡͷʧ˼㣺
ޣΪЩù𣿡
ˣ仰ոջ˫֣ŵģ޻͵̧ͷ۾ꡣ
ʵиоҲ²⡣ֻǣҳô꣬ҲᱳѰˡǳʯ˹֮ǰ͸˵ʹʳ˹ᣬ׼ѴơǸʱǲŵģеȫѹ
ս£»ͻȻս£ЩҲ֪ͳͳװ֪ѡϵʱмһЩӳǳϿշɹ»ӪأҲûȥ鿴ޣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
֥Ťͷ޵
ΧһƬţû˵еĹâȴȥһֱΪԼ֪ȴû뵽֥Ȼ֪
ͬΪıЩӶֻΪǮսûнܹµѬգվǲһ·ˡ
ڴʱڲڵ
֥ͳǧλӦʵ̫ƽԼָ޵ʱ˾Ȼûһ㷴ӦͺԤϵһ嵱ʱ;֣ȻѾ˾Ϊʲô󣬻ᷢ顣
ף̫ܽ֡
֥ȻᡢǿӲƣֻǶڵ˶ѣεˣȴǽȻͬһ棬
֥Ǹˣ
ȴǸĽƷɣĽĺˣܵģҲͳĺҺһ˵ȻǺˣȴһĺˣһ㣬ޣԼĺǽȻͬġ
͸֥ӴľֹɣԼȣݣܾ뺺죬۷
ȻȲƱ֥ġ˰ĸ䣬Լֱӵδ
ΪߣǾĴģΪһʱĴµĽľ޴ѣս£Ĵۺ
һ˵֥Ȼųս񣬻Ȼһϸͳ˧
һ㣬ǽȻͬġ


887 ϣ
ޣҸᣬһжԼѡҲѾ޻˵Ҳٳ棬ͽɣ
֥Ťͷޣ۾˵Ÿϣ¶һ˿˸еɫ
Խܵ飬ǿԵĶ֣Լ˵ıѣԣ֥Ըһ䵽ֵز
˷İɣ֪ôʹġ
漴ڵԼЩ⡣
֥һս屾Ϊ֥ϻ飬û뵽ôϣĿ࿴
ޣ·ԼģʧˣǾ͵óܴۡ±תסҪںʹΪˣⲻһССĸ»ԶԿġ
̧ͷ
޴˸߰ͷ­˵
ܿܣ˶ѣ
ˣ
ûκԥһ컯ʩչ£һĹԴԴϣϽһӿԼ塣ֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ԭѾǳǿϢˮǴߣٴα
սڼʳ˻ǻԶδˣһǰδеǿˣ˵һ˶Ԥ϶սҪǿıⳡս
Ǹ»죬һǿޱȣȻĶ¯ǲʵԴġ
ʱһζƬ֮޵ʵͻͽһ·ǵʥ侳صľ磬ȫĵǦһ㣬˫֮УĿѩǳҫޱȡ
꣬Ҫɲǣӿ룬˲޵ľͬʱŤĲӡ
ȥɣһ΢дĹҲдΪѴƶ
彫޵ʬ建£ֵ
ޱϾͰ¶֥꣬ǿ޷ģβҲֻԼ
ǣүȥ죡
Ѧǧܿ޵ʬȥ
лл
Ѧǧ޵ʬ뿪֥תͷԵ
ǲֵһģԸĹдĹȻҲչ˵˰
ֻǵ˵ͷûж˵
ˣЩô죿
ĸǧ˵һ仰˵ע⡣Ťͷȥֻ˹ǰſڣǧͬһߴĽհУǸĸ»ͷ죬Χ»Ҳȫ¡
͸֥Ը޵ʱ򣬳ǧͬЩ޵Ĳ¡Գǧ۷׼ʵԸЩ»Ĳ£ȫֵڴźŵĻᶼûС
ųǧ²ĸ»ǣΧһӼžеĿȫеȸ»ϡ
ȻһĲ»ڡôЩûյϢδѵĸ»˻Ǹ⡣
ҲҿǳǧﷴӦ죬ǰһֹǣĻڿ¾һƬˡ
ˣĸ»˻ж٣
ͻȻǰһڵ
ĸ»ܹһǧҡ
֥
ǱȰҪࣿ
üͷ֥ս˵̫ԾİΪǰ棬񣬸»ӶںսռϷʱû⣬һǿĶ֣ʾˡ
һǧ»ӶȰ࣬һѣ롣԰ڵȫѹסġ
ڵĵĻֻļĹӶԶֹ»һ֧аǺԼĹӶʳҵ»ޣôͬˣǺ
ǧһԵ
ܹӶѣһǸ»һǰǺ»ܹѣǺͬԱѡһ֧»ǿӦǺˣ˵ĴΣˡ
֥û˵һ˫ŨܵüëȴȻҲͬĵǡ
һҧʮ¾ŸȻ˶ƽǸ»ıѶ˶һǰδеĳ𺳡ԭŲɵĶƷɲ˲ɡ
ǺǣǵĻǵɲء
ȻһЦΪ⡣ڽ⣬ǰǺ˷ѾˡĲ廹ûа취ȷϣǺȷȷʵʵǴᶨѡΪǵã֥꣬˴˹ˣҵԼʱ򣬺һսϳ˵ľаǺˡ
ҾڶԼʱģ˹ԶǴʯ룬ΪǺ˳˵̫࣬˰ʯͨͨҵնɱ˲ٰǺˣ˴ΡʱΪ»󵹸꣬˾޴ĳ˶ԺǰδеĻɺͲΣԲŻôһĻ
սܵľֻһ»ˣǺ˻ܣȻûбǣʹʳ˹ᡣºҲȷȷʵʵ֤ǺǱԩģ˹֮սһֱܵѹĶ
»˼ǣ㾡ȫǡ
Ǻǰ˹λʱ򣬻йϵ˫սǰԵ
Ϊ»ˣɵˣ忴ȫҪġ

ǧڽŤͷһĲ졣
֪Ϊʲôô϶
ϴѰǺ˺Ӷɣڵİ˵ҪġȰڣʳ˵ĶʮĶڻ滢ųЩʹʳ˹ˣƾӾΣأʱܸܵУв
ڵǣ֥ͳǧΪ˧ЩӶĳϦദսûа취ȷЩûɣһˣһھͿ϶Ǻû⡣
Щ֡
Ǻǡ
ƺ֪ʲô嵭ȻһЦǰȥһŵ
Ⲣʲô̫Ѳµ£ʳҪ䣬ֻҪ֧ĹӶˡͬʱ֧ӶƸˣ˶ˣ©ʳӦòô޴顣һ»Ҫʮı䣬װ䱦ʯʳ۹£Ҳûôȥ
˵ʳôɣյϢˡҲᱻ»ô
ĻͷɫࡣȻǸˣڰ˽⣬ķȷʵ
ʵһԭ򡣡
˶٣һ˿ѩĹâŵ
˹֮սҿѺֻһ»ˣսôңʳ˻ˣ˹ĳſˣܵڶûһ㶯ң޵飬ôˣǺȲﻹûж˵⡣
˵еǧȥһ£ԭί˵һ¡
֥ڿڵ
⣬ڸ»Щսʿʲô
֥ûʲôˣܹѯ֤һϵ̵ֶӡ٣˵ÿ仰ڸ֥кзˡ벻֮ǰ֥廹֮Աǣֶ֤Ρ
һǧˣɱҲ÷ѵ㹦򰡡
嵭
仰µļпһɫʱòҰޱȡ
ҲһɲսЩһʶȤܹϵĻҲǲǵ
屳˫ֵһ˵ţһ߲ۼƳ˸»һۡ


888 ϣ
һ£λˣѴ޵˼Ѭģ޹ء˸һᣬǸ»ԸΪƳԸʳ޶ģ
ǧµĸ»ͻȻ˫ϥһ԰ɫ
仰һΧһƬž
֥˫֣۾վһ˭Ҳ֪ʲôǧĽʿ塣»ı巢ֵģ֥۲˵ȻҲǽȨ塣
͸»Ĺϵ̫Ѿ̫ʺϴ£壬͸»֮޹ϸ𣬸ûϵܹʵĴá
ߣҿ𣿡
ЦڹǰͣĿλ»ĸ죺
֮ڵĸ»˻ֵ𣿡
ˣٸһλᡣ֪ںţԾ֮ϵĲ֮ģǸ»ٷѡңǵ˲ǻڴǸ»һ㱳ѵͷ˲飬ܽȫɱ⣡ǵӶŮȫڴУ˿ţǾ
ͷҧ
Ѿˣȥܿܣ֪£еŮףеһǧ»սʿȫԼһ֮Уλᣬֻʮ߰󶼻С
ֻҪһ仰պǧĸ»䣬´Ӵ˾ҪɢĨȥ
û˵ܾĵģš
ͣĸ»ڵϣû˵һɫ԰ףһԵĽˣ֪У˶ͷ϶˴Ŵŵĺ顣һ˲ֻҪλƵ󶼻ҡͷ˶ͷأ
»׺ҪȻҲΪѡǾôսüͷûһµļˣһȴŵȫս
ߣ
Ѽ˵ķӦ۵ףЦһ̧ͷһǰİǧǧԥһ£ڵ˵ͷŤͷ˲Զĸ֥֥ûҡͷҲûеͷѾ˻ش
󣡡
ȻһЦڿڵ仰»ʱһ˲԰ɫήڵأһ㡣̶һɲǣ»ôսûбһ̸ˡ
ûе⽣ӰûѪɱȴգ
Ҫ˵̫ˣû˿̱ѣʱŹԭ¡»ҴûǾȻᱳѡ
ǧɿ˫֡
û˵
ģ´Ρ»ֵֵΣսϵʱԻ֤˿ġ
ϣˡ

ǧ͹ȸ»ܿ뿪ˡ޵Լеһǧ»սʿǱҪ顣ΨһģǷ˰ǧྫսʿǣס档
⣬±ǧСʱ˹ǣֻȫװСʵһǧ»սʿֻҪͿȫ峡ٸʲô˼ľѰ·
ˣôˣ
Ŀͳǧ뿪ת֥Щĵ֥ڵ״̬ǳãµս֥¼飬˺ۣʵ½ķǳոն޳ֵʱ͸о˳Ȼ֥ʵǿ󣬵ֻ۷ʱڵҡ
һ˹֮սͬСɣƣʮˣﵽʥ۷󽫼ģֻһ֥ѣ嶼㡣֥״ֱӹϵһĳɰܡ
ã֧ŵס˹ǱߣҲ̫ã
֥ƺ֪ڵʲôڵ
ֵ֥۹󽫣£ִڣܰ׶ģҲֻһʳ۹Ķܶ˹ˡ
һЦӻȡһе˹ȥ
ʲô
֥üЩɻ
ҴӾرŪһЩҩ԰˺ͻָһ̷˰ɡ
΢Ц
֥Ƴһ壬ʱˡΪһս׼еĻҪ࣬ҲӵȫСϸڶ˼ɵˡ
лˡ
֥ԥһ£ܿнӹ򿪽Уȡһöɫҩһ̷ȥ
忴һĻа˵ͷսڼ֥Ļָϵش󣬸֥ȻҲһ㣬ԲŻôˬ졣
˺Ͱ˹ս£λʳ˵ͳ˧֪˸оΣ
ʵ
ƻϡ̣
֥Ҳû룬һ˵ĸʡ
ˣ
֥Ļʱüͷ֪֥԰˹ۺܸߣû뵽Ը֥ݣۻߵֵزƻϡ̣ĸʼҲӸ֥Ŀѿڶ
Ȼλʳͳ˧̵֥ӡô̵ʱڣ˼˵ĸʡĸʷͨϣǸʣǷһоͳ˧ϣȴǡǡһּߵۡ
ʣ˹ǸѲǿ֡
壬Ͱ˹ֽ֣һ˿һĴ⣬ĻһĽӦöף
֥Ťͷ壬һ֣ص
Ӽ浽ڣ廹ǵһο֥ôı顣
ˡ
ĵ˵ͷܿЦ
жôļթͽƻκλᡣʳȷʵǿֻǿϧǲӦúʹΪУ
˵ⷬʱѣһŷĸȾ
岻Ǹ֥Ƿ죬ʷǿıʥܰ˹жôǿǴƣԼжôթƻԼǰǰŪκεʤ㡣
֥ĻһҲЦ
˵ĲȷʵΪУ
һ֥ͽʳ۹ļʮ˹£һ壬صľʮ򣬰˹ֻʤļʾ͸ˡ
֥ܿ뿪ˣ˹֮ǻмǧԱǸ»¼ǰǱߣҪȥ־档ߣȻûǣǴţʳеȫ˵˳ǳ֮С
Ψ»˱˳⣬дء
ү
ȵ֥ǣеİ뿪ûעѦǧڴѹС
ոô֪޿Ǹʳʹ߾ͻᶯ֣޺͸֥˷ǸʳǼٵģһж¶ˣ
ѦǧС͸¶ϢȴǸͷ֣޷ңִٷѵĴʳʹ߾ȻǸٵģ֪࣬»Ļ
ѦǧǸʳʹ߹ʱ򣬱濴򶨣ʵһѺʳʹߡĿ˲֪ȴ֪һ㷢ѣ߽ҿͷףŰ󶼻֥棬»ǳѿ
֮ǰŬҲ͵Ȼ޴棬ǰ


889 
Ǻǣټ٣ټ档ʮֻ֤ҪоŸģһ滹Ǽپûȥˡ飬ˣʳʹǼѾûˡ
ǣĽأ
Ȼ֪ⲻʣѦǧ̲סʵ˺ܾãץһ㣬²죬㱻Ҳˡ
Ǿԩˡ
嵭

ѦǧһӴסˣŵôġ
ȻһЦƳѦǧһۣһ䣬뿪ˡ
ѦǧվΣͻȻʲôЦʲôԩүǶ
ү˼Ѳ°
ԺͷѦǧܿ׷ȥ

ҹɫĺһжɵĽš
ЩԾ
֪˶ãѲӵʱĸϺʹһװͻȻӴ˹üͷ壬ƺЩ
ʳ˵ڻûжʵڲ󡣡
һսǴԼʧ˰˾ıǴ󲿷ǲֻҵʣµĶʮûܵӰ졣ȫ𷴻ڻƽȷʵ
ĴҲڵ
һɫսףͦΣȻᣬսľȴḻͬӵмֱ
û˵ŤͷԽǰشԶֻƽߴããĴʳųһ޴ĻΣȲԶҲʹƻšһޣ͸֥һ˸»䣬ְЯȫ˳У̣ʳǱһֱûж쳣ƽκνơ
ǣзʳ׺ݺöرôסɲǵķû⣬Ӧڵˡ
ȻһЦֻǿһۣȻء
ˣʲôˣ
ĻϺӶ˻࿴һۣдΪ⡣ֻǾôʳ˵ķӦЩԾȴһƶԷڵˡ
֪Ǻܿͻ֪ˣ
ҡҡͷ֣ܿ
ȸӴѲ߷ΧΧʲôֻҪκεķ紵ݶҶҪһ֪
ǣס
ȸܿȻһյĽŲѸȥ

ҹɫ˹Χʱ򣬴ԶңԶ򣬰е
һ˼а˯Ϊ֮ͥе˯ڴأŮ˯棬мС
˹֮սۼ˶۹ʮľӣսޱȡս͸¶ΣϢʹշİ򣬼˿ճǡʱµѾˣļв뿪ɡ
ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬¡ԺüʶĽһ
غͣҪҶ
СӺҵץ˼¿УŮˣԺĻӦһ
ûС
ָ˼žǺܿ죬ٴұϴ𶯻ҪŮ˶Щˣ
غͣ˯ʱҪҶ
Ĳҡ
Сί
С˵ʱ򣬴ٴˣɸһ㶶Ů˶ˡСô
ô£ǵ𣿡
˯ŮЩˡҲʱ򣬺ҹͻȻһ󳤳˻ɫһ䣬ѸٵһָһʱŮ˲ʲô§СǽǣɪɪһҶ
¡¡
ôһԽԽʼɸһ㣬䶼ҵĲУףҹлص˻ԥһ£ӣ׳ŵӣ첽ߵߣĵƿӣ¶һ˿϶ֻǿһۣʱɫ԰ףػֻʵ˻
ϣʱһսӴ⴫һ󵭵Ӵ⴫ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һͷ޴սӰͶ˴ϡһھŵĿУһЩɳƵ洫
ǰ治ԶҶˣ֥ȥ˹˾ųϵıʣһⳣͼǧҪҪȥ˳أ
ҡҷɳƵ˵
ˡ˼Ӷ߹ͻʴӹȳⳣصЩͽˡ
һƬĬƬ֮һӦǳš
ڵĵǴʳǱߡ˹ʮʳҴʳ׺ݣǻҪսұΪʳռ˱ƣԸʮ򷬺ϵ練ƣû뵽ȻӮˡ
ʱһսգһƥߴ׳սӺӰͶڴ档
һסһɪɪŵ˵ˡ
ǣģ˹ֻûô䣡ϴʳ۹ܶˣôô׵ʧܣοʳд棬һսԶûн
ŵг
ңѾյ˹ֵĻţѾ׼ֻǵʱϣһƵľӡ
˹ϣ˹ҲǸ޷һսǰκε˶ҴĿԳƵϡʥˣ
ͻȻһƬĬӰû˵˵ͷ
٣ƣ֪ѾˣǶʳעֻҪܹǵĶĿǾܹͻϮһֲ
ʼǸɳƵ͸¶һ˿ڴ
ţҲҪ̫⣬һ֧ӥСӣÿγЩӥΧ顢ѲӡʱȻҹҹУӥȸĿǹһ񣬲͵Ϯ

Ǻǣֻȸѣ̫ģһҶźˣлֵᷢġ
мǵŵص
ݣ
һ䣬һ۶ȥ
һ㣬һ

աȣ˵ע˹ǳսʱҹɫУǧսطӵһɽҶУһƵҶһεĵ·ᴩȥǴ£Ծ˵ٶȷԽ룬˹ȥ
¡¡𶯣ɳ죬һɹ̳³̳УǧսڼС
ȻȻһƬڰǾѾԽԽ
࣬ǰ治Զǰʯ룬˹ֻ塢ʮˡ
սգףһƥ׳սŴ۶һӰǰͣһ𾴡
ǰߴӰмǵӰһۣӺݣӡ̵ľ˫â䣬͸¶Ǻͷâ·͸еܡϸȥٲȻǸ˹߳ϴǦĴޡ
ȥĴޣ´ۣһǸޡݣһݷʹݡԣһɫһذɫȱ¶˳ȱ΢΢Ծɣ״ϿӲǱȡ
ӽ𣬴޾ͽһɫ
ˣ
̧һƣͣңغͶç֧ĿҲе˴޵ϡ
õͼ
޿ǰͻȻڵˣ󣬺ܿ죬һ׵˹߶ϣѸٵĴӱȡһŹӡƵĽͲ򿪸ӣȡһϾɷƣòɣһŵĵͼ˹ȥ


890 ½ͼ

û˿ԥ͵һչ̯˾ĵͼһԣһһ˹صһѴ˹ĻҫڵͼϣֳĹ֣һճأ˹ظԭͻʺҲճҶΰĴ룬ԼңԶ˹֮ǡ
½ͼ
ŵͼϷ˹д⼸֡
һ꾡ĵͼճΧееϸڶ꾡ĵͼֵǣ嶼ûСµʱ䣬ҪŵͼֻŪһŵ˹ɳͼδƲ
Ǵ޵Уֹ˹ǣңԶĴʳ۹ڵͼ֣еıϸڣ֣꾡̶𾪡Ҷصͨ¶
忴ŵͼȻἫ𶯡
Ϊĵͼ׷ģ
½ͼ˹صͼľʱ⣬͸սŻƳʹƲͬһֱ˹ص۹ΧܻƳ½ͼԭ
£ô꾡Ĵ½ͼҲͽһˣ
˹
޵ͷĿǡѩֻһɨ˵ͼһͻı־
ʮǴƾӵѲ߼ޡƵӥСӸóˣְ࣬ɣ
ǣ࣡
ڴ߽䣬һӴӰգ󣬳ףŻѵĹâֻһȫؼ׵佫۶ȥҹɫĳֱֻ࣬ĩβѸٵʧ
ҹغͶç֧࿴һۣ˶ӶԷпɻ󣬵˭Ҳûпѯʡ
ʱ仺ȥΧģͻȻ䣬һĸӶĩβڰʲôҲȴӶ·ʲôĳֽ˳ʱǳһĳּӿ
û֪ʲôʹ׽Ļضһɻ
Ȼ󲿷ֵж͸ɵģȴжˡڵεʱˣʲôԸʲôض֪
ɣ
еɻʱͻȻ֮䣬һֽӤ޴֮ƿ޷ǿޣƽвУһ
쿴쿴
ͻȻ֮䣬֮У˹̧ͷգָĳ
غͶçһʶ̧ͷֻУһ࣬գӵΧĺڰ̧ͷɲǣֻԲ̰Уһ޴ĺӰſ˫ᣬԲӹ
úԶǶصķ̬Լ˫ᣬһ۾˳
ͺգ
˹ظԭͺգ˹ʱ򣬲أգιԭ͵ͺգΪһּߵҫȻ˹ظԭͺշǳڴͺնʲô
ֻɫӹͺգǻػǶç֧жӹһ˿ɫ־ûгãͱһּȵȡ
ɣ
һӶͺҹɫڵһֻͺ֮һܼĳȶӺҹдڶç֧ͻأԼǧ˹Ŀ⣬ȺӵͺһӹܼͺȺ¶ڸˡ
ɲ֮䣬֮䶸Ȼڰ˲١ıһɲǣϵһ˺ڰ֮С
žΧһƬž
һ˫˫ĿյͺȺĿɿڴһ˵غͶç֧λ˹صĵ۹󽫶סˡ˹ص۹ڿݲӴ̫ӣ۹еĺģѵϡ
˴û뵽ڵΣȻ͵͵ǣѵôһֻӴͺվš
һǵһǣȱһۣǻûио𣿿ݴʱԽԽҪĽɫ٣ǸаԽԽҪĽɫǲܴõİ취ǷЧ
޵ƽޱȣӺڰд
߰ɡ
һ仰˵꣬һȴмԾ

Ŵ޵󣬳ǧ˹糾ͣڳȺӣǵصͺȺڻ£ٴ˹֮Ǽ۶ȥ·һζҲƬ̵ʱ䡣
ণ
ԶһֻӥѲţлһ޴ĻߡŵƽߴܼĸͻȻһͷȥͻȻ֮䣬ɣһӤްĹֽдӿдûֻӥӻȥźţɲǼ䣬ͺգ飬ӿй£˷˻
ֻһХ˶ӥ˲ͱ˺Ƭĺɫë׷ӿƮ
ߣ
ӥ·һ˹ؽںڰĴϣĿѩûУֻһ֣ǧ˹ӥѲ򣬺ХȥУͺȺţͬһĺɫƮ㣬ǰ˶ȥ
ণֻľ룬ڶٴγֻ֣ӥڿԷУѲšͺȺ˶ϣٴνΧķ˺ɷ顣أء̶ʮƲµ߰˵ߡ
ÿһߵֻ࣬һֻֻȻ࣬Լֻӥķи߶ȣ̫ͣͬʱǡԽΧĶԾĵļ㡣
غͶç֧˱Լռ˺󷢵ƣûб˲һ·һһӥݷߣвɵ
о˰ɣķ񣬽С΢һᡣֻһߣᱻ֣֡ǱȫԸ˿⡣
ƺ֪ʲôʱ˶ƽޱȣ͸һ򶨵
̫СˣֲǺ˳ͨ֡
Щĵ
µķ̫ˡ
ç֧Ҳ͵Ŀ͸ͬǡ
˵ţҪԸǸһ֮սֻһ书΢ꡣһս£Ѿȫ仯ⳡǧＱоܻûпǸ꣬һֻһֻļȸֲȴûִ󽫶оһ˿εѹ
̫ǿˣ
˵ﻪ챦̫ƽ˼ʮ꣬ĻɢսѾǰ˹ȴԼǿʢʱһһܣϵսڴƵСһڼռžƱ¡
ڵ˹أѾƽѹ¡Ǹ˵Ĵڣ˹ҹޣڸԭ֮ϣҲİ
Ҳγԭ
ع̫࣬˾Ҳ⡣
޵Ӷд
ңѾҵݲĹɡ
ˣ
仰غͶç֧ǻһ˫͸Ծɫ˫˫סս
ֻһЦƵᣬȡŴ½ͼ̯һۡ


891 εĽ棡
ˣ
˦еĴ½ͼиա˵ĿУһֻڴ½ͼ棬ָǻԴϷͶ£͸ָķ϶ڴ½ͼϡ
ɲǼ˵ĿУ½ͼϣӰãͻȻֳĹ㡣Щ㰴ĳֹɱ仯׼ĸڴ½ͼϣһɽ롢ƽԭϷһֱ쵽˹ǵķ
һĻç֧Χ˹ؽ첻΢΢˱ɫֻлһȻ
޲Ǵ󽫼ĸ֣۹ĴҪϴʱϣԴ󲿷书ܸߡⲢ˵ǵ书ͺܲϸ΢ϣ¾˿ڻء
˲ĵطͺմһǰɣ
ƽ͸¶һǿš
ǣࡣ
һ󹧾Ӷߴ˹ؽϸĿŵͼϵЩ㣬ȻѸɶȥɣУͺմǵأѸٵǰȥ
ç֧Ŵ½ͼϵһ㣬΢΢üͷ¶ɻ顣
ˣ⻹ǵһκʹԺʱˣ
һֻƴԱ˹ڶç֧ļģȻһЦǰȥç֧عͷŷִ޲֪ʲôʱѾ½ͼǰֻһӰԼ
ԴⰡ
ç̧֧ͷգ̾ϢһȴһƬɡ
߳ĴޣһһƮпգȫ޷ȡç֧ǰûкĴ޺˹˵ȴǸǻ
ڴЩжϵǶԻǴ֪ܿˡ
ɣ
һȺȺͺͬ㣬ХŴҹɫӹһ˹ؽʵִŴ޵ĲԡһȺȺͺգϵŴ½ͼϹʾλȥ̶ļХһֻһֻӥëĽϵشӿ׹
ЩӥܵĻᶼûУͱȺͺգһֻֻӶɱˡ
һֻֻֻֻ
УͺȺп·ϳǧ˹ǰ˹شԾ˵ٶ˹֮ǵķǰ
ʮʮʮʮ
֧˹ش˹֮ľԽԽ޵սԷãһֱΪֹ˷涼û˿Ĳ˾̾ǣ޵жϣһ˿һ˿˿ۣ˲ĵصȫУûκεĲء
ξç֧оˣȷȷʵʵҵǵ㣬׼ƶϳǵвá
ȥĿҹϮˣҲ˿ķӦᡣ
ç֧а
ʹ֮ս꣬ûһΣç֧о˳һһȫȷţǱûκεķӦʮôľǷǳˡ
аʱ֮ǰȫüʮֻҪ˳ͻ֣ǾͿԴֲ
ڸߴ˹ϣ̧ͷŶգĿ˸мٵļ㡣ѾԽԽˣˣ˹ȻлᡣʱиʱֻҪ˵ĶĿǸʱ򷢶ͻȻϮȻԸ˾޴ش
ȥսʿ㣬º󷽵أȫǰ
޻˻֣
ǣ࣡
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬·ٶȱ֮ǰҪö࣬ޡ
ʮ
ʮ
һȺͺշ˹ȥֻѲߵӥһ򾡣ϵĳϢͱɰǧ˹سһӵϣȫɱʮʮһ˲õķԽԽܼҲԽԽ࣬ȫ֮ƽ
һɲǣǧ˹ͬغͶç֧˹صĵ۹󽫣ȫ¶ŵɫȻû˵ʲôǰϣǱֱȫע񣬶˵ľ˼㡣
ʮʮ
ԽԽм·ֻ̣Ҫ˷֣˹˾ܹһɹ͵Ϯ
㣡
ҹдһŵճһӥʱ򣬵һ˹佫ѸٷźšһΣеЩӥ֮ǰӥҪһХֻӥѸ˷ɢȥ
һɲǣ˵Ķᵽɤۣÿж¶˽ŵɫ
ɣеͺȺѸٵϣХߵӥѸٵɱȥսѸչմİţѾʮڣһˡֻҪͻߣ˹ֻʮ·̡
ֻҪܹϢͻƵʮ֮ڣܹ˽һ͵Ϯ
ˣ
е˹ؽ춼̧ͷգ¶ŵɫ
Ӳ˵ģ
̧ͷ죬ɫƽȴ͸¶һǿšΪ˽һս֪׼˶ʱ䣬еͺսְŵģеӥȸκܵĻᡣڵĴƳҲѾɳ˲ȥ
֧ڵ֮аŻѵģ̻˹ظнȫϣÿһǾϸѡҽרŲɱ˳ѵȫһʮ
Ǳߵڶûźţ˵֧ɱ˳Ķ飬Ѿɹء
һģ壡
޿գвϵţͺĳħһÿһ֣һֻӥͺȺΧӿžյһ塱֣ಣһֻӺ󷽵ç֧ڸߴݵĴѩɽϣһһֻӥӿе
ɹˣ
һֻӥëɢӿеϷһ͵͵Ļһ˹ؽУݺݵսȭͷ
ڳɹˣ
һ·ͻô˵ķһҲͻˣڣ˹ֻҪֱͿһѩǰܣǰδеĳһϴʳ˳׵ƵİԶĸıİͼ
ﾲĵģֻҫз
ϸܣĵ˵ͷĳһ彻֣Բһ˿һĴ⣬˹ظԭڣڻǰһ֣ӮһΡ
ֻҪȻֵԼˡ˹غʹƣһֵĽУӮˣ

ſµһڱİɫϢ޴һӣ´˳¡¡ǧ˹˲䱬ǿɱͬⶳıӰ㣬Զȥ
֨֨
ҲʱͻȻ֮䣬Ľҹɫдǳϸϸעⲻ䵽޵ĶУԭһ򶨣˳ᢣ̩ȻĴ޶ʱꡣ
ˣ
ʯ䣬͵̧ͷ˳ǼϸķȥԽǧսԽǰһɽ룬޷һֻϸСȸǰһɽ֦ڿնԶȥ
һֻ֦ڿնȸʵǿֻȸ׻ɲǼɫˡ


892 Ҹ
ˣ
ֻȥȸֻʣͷ
ȸȻ򳣼ڴֻƶʯΪĵشȴ٣ΪûȸʳĶ䣬ּڣȸҲֵط

ʯ䣬ֻһ죬һֻӺ󷽵һ䴩ֻȸ޴ȸʬ嵹ڵϡǴ޵ɫȴûΪֻȸĵ˿ı䣬Ŀ߾ͷһϸСĺӰѾͬʧԶ
һֻҺɫӡ
ͺȺڿвɱֻӥʱ˵߶е˿УҲʱֻҺɫӣԶһ֦ϣڿնѸٵƿնٶȼ죬ôһѾɳ߷Χֶ޳ĪǿеͺȺˡ
ʧˣ
ޱ۾̾Ϣһ£е͵΢΢һ¡
֮䣬ⳡεĽӿʼڣһֱӮǧ˹رѾӽ˹ʮ嶼ûκεķӦȴû뵽ھɹһɲǣԼȴϵһֻϡ
ѲߣеĿݻڿУɵԽߣķΧԽԻû˻õӥȸڵ棬֦ͷ޾׼жϳĲ㣬û뵽ﳹˡ
࣬ô죿
Χ˶оʲôһ˫˫۾ȫۼϣغͶç֧ɫҸһֻӳ׵Ĵ˵ļƻ
ֹѾˣǱ׼û׼˵ȫһֽȻͬʣֻӷɳȥɲǣѾ¶ˡ
նʱ
࣬ƻǷģǷҪǰ
̽
û˵бò˭Ҳ֪ʲô
·ֻһɲǣֺͣŨҵļϢʱ򣬴ͻȻһЦҡҡͷ
ȻʶǸˣĺ֪һֱ˹֮ǣҷЩڲ֮Ľ֡ȻѾˣҲòˣţȥĲǹĽ˹
ǣ࣡
¡¡ضҡһ˹ؾӲΣƵıֱ̳˹֮Ƕȥ

үˣ
ͬʱңԶ˹⣬峿ʱ֣ȸɫֻʣֱڵλöȥ
ôˣ
͸ϡͨҵԼԿ֮һԶʳ˵Ķȸ飬عͷ΢΢ü
үˣǵĺ󷽣һ֧˵Ĵٶȼ죬һ·ϲµڰڻпѲӵӥȸȫǰγѾһ·ͻ˹Ǹǻвʮ
ȸڵϵɫ԰ޱȡ
ʲô
ȸĻԣϡҵиԿ֮˶ıɫ˱۶Ըʳ˵ĲԣʱͻȻ֮һƬš
˹֮ǵĶһƽԭʮĴʳʹʳĶܶ˹ڻ񣬵ȫעڴʳϵʱʱͻȻһֻ˵ıǼġ
Ƶ֮˸ܵе״ͳ֮еĴɣ
ţնȻýޱȡ
ȸڵϣͷϸ˶ĺ飬亹һŽһţһ۶ʪˣΧ䣬ǰ֣оȸھеְ𡣵ĵжԱһ·ͻȻû˿ĲԷôľ룬ֱǾ޴ʧְ
ĵб
ԷĽӽϮͿݣѾ¶ɡΪԼԭ´ܴзȸԶ޷ԭԼ
⵽ô£ĵоôܻôı
ȷϡյȸϢϵĵһоǲܡ
ǰŲŸոյִ˹֮ǣһ֮ôܺ󷽾ͳһֻ˵ıûκεף̫ͻȻ
ȸȷ𣿡
϶ŵȸȸ˵ͷϵɫʱϾ
Ҳɫѿ
ôܣѵʳͨ
૵ɫҲޱȡ
һһս⡣ǰǣлԮӵĴһӱǰδеıͲ˹֮սϵشһӮֱӹϵ¤ԼʦİƸ䲻
ܣ
䣬ͱԿ֮ˣ
СۼıҴƺʹʳ֮ս˭˭ӮûжᣬҲûеʱʨӵսǿԲ͵ġ
ʨӡڴƺʹʳⳡսӡ˭ⳡս˭ͻᱻ촷ۣǵ⣬ԶԶģҲġ
Կ֮ĸСʱѰ·
˹رıѾɨˣޱɣҶǶҲүɱб߾ıҲѾȫɨɾʱ򣬻˭ĸʱճı
ҵҲˣͬޱȡ
򸽽ɱһǴʳһǴƣƾձεǣԷѾƽ˹ʮҵľ룬ʱܸϵһֱʱ˻ȫ֪Էʲôˣ֪
ûй
ˣһ˹غͻʺ
ʱһͻȻ˶Ŷãã纣Ĵʳӣ
ֵð˹ֺͼʮʳȴģҲֻ˹غͻʺˣ
ߣһ˫ۻ͸¶һǿŷɲǼ䣬ΧһƬţ˴Ŀ壬˵
ǺүǲǲźͻǩͣսЭ𣿡
ҵ
Э鱾˺ٵģǺ˹֮ǩôЭ飬˹˲һ˺ˣ
ɫƽΣʱ򣬻ܹľͻֻˣ
˹֮սƺʹʳ㳲ıΪ֮һգ˹غͻҪûжǲˡ֮ǰɳ޿ɺǩһֽЭǵġȸ̽
ǣү
ȸ˵ȥ
ȸȥÿ죬ø죬ֻһٴ
غүܹȫ˹صҶԷûڣ˹صţҡ
ȸһ£̧ͷ͵͵һ壬ŵ
ҳ˹صս죬ǻ淢һ˰ڵ׵˹ģ
ˣ
仰Կ֮ûʲôӦϡҵ˶׷ױɫҲ̲סüͷһ¡ڵ׵˹ս죬ԭֻһʹս죺
ϵ


893 յľս
⵽ô£ϵѾôܻаڵ죿
һԱߴ˵˵
֮ս±Ҳһսߣһսң϶ȫûֻһﲻظԭϵΪߣţһƬģΪ
ҲӴûϢϵʵڵ׵˹սҲӴʧ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼʱ򿴵ϵս졣
һɲǼ䣬˵Ŀ׷塣
Ȼֲá
΢΢۾ȸѲȻû룬ǴŵĲȷʵָġܹϢĲΧеߺͶĿͻʮķΧڣǾܹͨġ
Ǵ޵ĻһжԽˡ
û뵽˹֮սȻ֣ϱûз飬ʣԼĶŵЧӦ
Ϊ˸𣿡
۾Ժд˷Ȼʲôȴܸо˹ǵĺ󷽣һӰʹųǧķһŻȼգһԼһ㡣
ʱˣصˣʹ֮ȴٴˣһ˹֮սؼʱܹ϶ʱһǰϵλ󽫾ļġ
ˣȴη塣
ү󷽷ֵоǲˣ
а˼ʱ̳һսʮֽš
ˣ
һ䣬նʱԽĽһβֻˣĴҲо쳣Щˡľ룬ٶһζ˵ʱ䲻ˣ뾡
ү쿴
ҲʱһӶߴҵߣȫңһ׵ĿӰͻȻǰָŶĴʳӵ
Ťͷȥֻ֮УĴʳͻȻһɫս죬ʮĴʳһƬޱ޼ʺɫĸڻ֮ǵķ
ͻȻľٶ˵ע⣬˹ǽ϶İսʿ
ʳ۹ʿǰ޴˹ںʮԮ˲˸ܵУǰлľ޴Σ֮СֹˣʳȻͼǣԮΪ󷽵˹ᡣ
¡¡
ضҡ˿ʳӵʱսĺ󷽣ֱ̳һ΢΢ĲУѸٵĴӽµĴش
˹˵ͻٶȣĻҪ죬ֻôһǾѾҪ˹֮ˣ
ˣ
˶оǿҵΣգһ˫˫ĿѸٵĻ㼯ϣսޱȡڵѾΣѣ뾡һôʳ˺˹ǰлʮƾӺܿȫûеŬΪС
¡¡ԽԽǿңôһ˹ٴͻ˹֮ԽԽˣÿ϶¶ŵɫ
ˣʱȣҪҪǣ
ʱĴһߴģ΢΢ЩϵӰƼžҵϲĸ׶꣬ɵ˶кĸ顣
֮ս岢սһֱƺΪүѾ󶼻Գĳƺ˴ˡ
˹֮ٿʮ˿ڣڳУͿԱ⸹ܵУһлü
ڵԮû̫ѡҪôԭأ븹ܵеľأҪôͳУ˹֮ǵļֵ̣ʳ˺˹˵
֮ǰ˹ȻѾƻĹѾȫ޸ҽ˼ǿ֮ǰҪ̵ĶࡣҪУõʱ
ʵϣ˵õѡ
û˵΢ͷı۾
صԽԽǿң޵ľÿһ̶˹һ֣ʮԮϷҲ͸ŨˡΧ˶ס˺׷׵ȴľ
Ҳһ
֮սȱһսǺҶ֮սѾֵ֤ԼӮΡս˵һܹӮŷĻҲֻˡ
¡¡
Զ̳޴вսĴʱܳ֡󷽣ɫһĴʳ˾ƽٶҲԽԽ죬ÿһصģ̤ÿĿϡʱݼţߣսǳ嶼뾡
һɲǣʮԮȫһ֮䡣
¡
һ޴ĸԶ˹֮ǵĳźȻһȺĽɫֳſڣķ򼱲Ϊ׵ǰĸǧ촽ƺҪ˵ʲô
ͬһʱ䣬Զս˻̳ԶڿնȻʲôǼԽУһ˾޴˧죬ɫƣȻ˵Ұ֮С˧棬Ȼһֻᣬǿ׳ޱȵİɫţɲǼһǿѹǵض
޵ıѾҪˣ
ǣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬˵Ĵ뼫Ȳʱ嵭ȻһЦͻȻбһ۵ľâ
ȫٶ˹Ƕڶߣ
ǣˣ
вܱͬԿ壬ԼСɵӵפصһߣϸ֮ǣȫʳ˵ĹǸĴۣһҪס
ǣˣ
±򣬽һΪÿһǧΪһһ֧£˱ӸߴϲȫĴʳһ֧ǣָӣ˹ص۹
ǣү

̶ʱڣ巢һܵÿޱȡһŤͷһԵĸߴյҵ
ҵ׼һ£һһȥ˹صĹˣ
˵ˡ֣Ȼ˵Ĺâ
ǣ
仰ҵ۾һ͵ķһŭɽͰߴжıŷһǿҵս⡣Ȼû˵Ѿվǰдʳ۹ľţ˹صıͬʱ⵽ļл˼ȲĵλǼΣ
սսսΨ˶ѣ
ûˣȱûˣһҲͬˣ
ǴƵķ緶
Ƭ½أûʲôôƳˣûʲôܹô
¡¡
ǡ±Ծ䡢²á֪Կ֮Ʋ졢ӰѦǧһսɱȥûлɣûб沵һɲǣж·һŻȼգһѪڣԮͬһӴĻ㣬Ѹٵת
֮ǰ鳷еĳҲ巢֮ҲѸٵתȥִľȥˡ


894 ڶߣ
ˣ
ƹһ㣬Ѹٵĸϵ˹Ƕķߣ¯ܣ̹ĸУһ޴ĸ֮ģ飬ЩѸٵô˶ĴУһɹɵĸ֭£ѸٽЩ֮ǽ̶˶Ĵϡ
Ϊ˽յ˹֮ǣ׼£ޣең̽¥ȫӵĵĸģ飬Լҹ˵ˣΪ˾б޻Ӧյĳ档
ģ黯ͨȫͬŵ㣬ٶȡ
ʮԭһƬտǾ´Ƭ̵ʱ䣬һرֱģģ֮ǽξѸٵĳڴϣΪʮһӲķߡ
񵱳һҹ֮䣬һɶߵĸ֮һ漣ĶҲֻϲ
Ũ̹ƵĹڽ࣬ڶߡ깤һ򡣶һ࣬ʮఴҲѸٵĶԱ
죬죬죡
һǰ±һףȸֳϵ´󳵴ǧ󳵣ܹһǧˣμѸٵһΪפصǧˣѸٵĵϸ߸߸ߵ˱ٿһǧپ󳵣ųݶӣÿˣӸߴֱ׼ٸ֮ǽĿյ
棬Щ֮ǽõϰ赲ʳҪֻܷɢΣ˳Ÿ֮ǵķ϶ɱǿĵط
һǧٶ󳵷ٲͬʱʮ֮УһܳŴܣѸٵĸϵ˵һǰһһţһһУ׼еĿյУͬСɵıҲһͬ
СɵıûдƵľô۵ʱСɼûжٴڸСǵǹìȴ侫䱸ĳìҲԶκìĶࡣ
ҲӴСɹӶԭԴСɵìϴƵĶܱϣķҲǿġ
ˣ𶯣ڴСɵıԼͳ˧ĲܱɷͬʱԿ֮һƥɫĸͷҲ׺ĸԿˣԼĹӶ˳ƾλ
ûҵ˭Ҳú󳷣Υߣն
Կ֮ĿǳĿӹһ¶¸֮ǰɫˮӿĴʳңиԿֱųһһĿ׺ݣսܡʳʹƣһʨ֮
ⳡ֮Уÿ˶ҪԼԼѡ
ʣԿѡľǴơ
ɣʹսҲ޺ˣ
Կ֮ĿѩĴɫ죬һǿҵͬȼա£Կ֮ʥ侳ǿߣʵڵͨҵҪߡ
Կ֮ǽģӲԼͷ­ڣλպյĸԿ֮ȴΪԼͷ­
΢ĸԿ壬ΪҰĸԿ壬ܹϴϵĳ裬ĻţڰԼƺ壬Կ֮ΨЧԱ
ɣսɡ
Կ֮ݺݵԼе֮ȫѪҺڡ

¡¡
Կ֮׼սʱһ࣬ʮĴٵĵո£˹֮ǰʮƵԮͬӿĽˮһ㣬ңȴңеĶ鲢в㣣ĳֹɡ
ܹʮڶʱɵѸٵʹָҲκεĻңһҲֻˡ
Ĺ˹֮ǵĶٵڶ֮ǽߵʱһǧСѸٵĵڶȱں棬ͬһʱ䣬϶ԼõıԮԼ˳ϵرѸٵ˹ķ
ԲǹܱԼСӾѻʮʳӣʱ䣬ΪľȡᣬȻƾ˳ϵƱʵ˹ˣȻȥͷбԿʳˣƣڵʯƶĲԣҲǰѵܵõİ취
ҵ
Х巭ϰڣĿйâһһ̰㣬ӹڶߣ˹֮Ƕƽԭȥ

ҵ˵һ֣ǧӴ֮Ծ˳ķ׷ȥ
ɳ̳˵ĿУŶ˹ķֱƶȥ
ˡ
˹֮Ǹ߸ߵĳǽϣĽ죬ȥķһ磬ʶԱ߶ǳǽϵİ󶼻֥
޷ȥɡ
֥ǧĿһ˿â
ңıĹˡ
֥ھ꣬ԸָƣǸ˰ţڵսһ֣֥֪Ǵޡϵ޵СȻͬΪƬ½϶һ˹ذϵ࣬һǰ󶼻֥δޡ
֮£ҪӺʡ
¡¡
۳ʱԶصĵҲԽԽĴﵽ¡ˣԶһ棬̳ͬһ㣬֮УǧսͻȻ۳Ҷڶ΢ĳУͬڤ̤һ㡣
ɣһӤްĹХɰǧͺգӴĺ󷽷ӵ
ͺͶµӰǧ˹룬һ˰ţڵսӭչɫս£һ۵Ӱ궥ˡ
ˣ
˹ǰŨ̻Ļ¯Լ飬ǧææµµĹһѸٳ͵ĸߣ˷׷ױɫͻ˹ʮʱӦûû˿׼ǵ˵ִﵽ˹Ǹʱ˾ȻٶѸ޽һǽķߡ
ôľ룬ô̵ʱ䣬ƾձһǣе˹һƬ㵣к׼
࣡
һ˫˫Ŀ׷мĴޣȴŴ޵ľ
оǧﱼϮΪľܹö⧲ɹϮ֣ڣԷ׼еƶȻ޴ˡ
࣬ôĵٶ̫ˣЩ֮ǣ޽ٶȿǰˡ
ʱսգһߴӰӺ˹һԶ壬Ŀ¶һ˿ǵɫ
û˵ֻǿƽԭϵǵӰüͷ
ھ˹֮ʮĵط巢ֵģͻٶȣյϢʱѾͻƵʮڡټ϶ȷԼӦʱ䣬ȷݵʱѾͻʮڡ
ôľ룬ޱΪԼִʱٻĴһңǰһȴʹĽȻ෴
£ô̶̵ʱڣʮĻڴʶĽУҲֻ


895 ǵ֮ᣡ
ȥûҵдϽҶ
ͻȻˣĿ˸ŵâ
ǸˣҶչ棬ı֣Ǻ𣿶ҡҲֻлŸӵ壬𣿡
˵ţͻȻ΢΢һЦݣһӭ˹֮ǴĿ磬궥ˣȥһɲǣĿԽؿռ䣬˶ʮϡ
ؼ䣬ûʲôܹע⣬߹Ĵ꣡

ү޹ˡ
ԶҵоâһŤͷԱߵ
š
忴Զ΢΢һЦߴ˺٣ֻˣҶʲôĸ֡
ɣȥޡ
⡭
ҵԥһ£Щģվǵ˵ͷʵԽԽߣ˴󽫼ĸ֣׼Ķ֣вѾˡңǳźүġ
֮أǴꪳɳĵطҲǺүȵĵط˶ǶԷе޵УΣⶼǵʱ̣˲˲֡
գ
ƽԭл죬˹֮ǵĶ棬һƬţţʳ˺¡¡ضɽҡĺγԱȡû˵˵ĿⶼŶ滺ӽӰǳǽϵĸ֥ˡ
˹˵ĳ֣˹սϣҪһöӣ˹ͻȻ֣ѾԳ׸ıս򡣾֥ڵȴⳡսķչ
ȥ׼ʱȺҵ
֥
ǣˣ
һĽתѸٴҴȥ

̳ɳ죬رߴӰȴ˳ǧĿ⡣
ʮɵľ룬Ŀңңԣбĵ⡣
壬Υˣ
սһ̳УһӶ洫΢΢¶һ˿Цݡ
һа꣬ϲ㣬ô̵ʱ䣬͸󶼻񣬿»ûбĵ۹󶼻ˡ
ϴһ𣬴࿴Ԩ٣ԽĳȺˡǧﱼϮȴû˿ϢҲµȸԼҶǵİûзִټҲǲСﰡ
ЦڴֺγڴŴޡ
ˣ˺ܶ࣬ǸĸоȴǦʾâ˵ĸоȴԶԸǧﱼϮʱ˹֮ǵĶò˵ѡʱǡô˲Ϣ˼Ȳĵλ
ղǱ㷢𣿡
޵¶һ˿ЦݣսΪУҲʼձǷݴݺѣ
һأĵʱ޿̲Ŵ󶼻ǵõһһݴ񣬰ϵǧ﷽ԲĴԭһˣˮݷдУûһֻţٲǰһĶˮݲǧ⡣ⶼǰݸͣ޸ڴˣġҲر׼һݴ¡
ﾲĵģ޵ƽԭдԶ˵ⷬʱɴһǳЦͿģͺ˵һѰ顣棬ǧںѹҵȴ͵һ¡֮䣬ɳһ֧ӣڰϵԭɢߣҵʵʵִˡ
˵ڵİϵˮݷдУȷʵûⱳȴǧﷶΧ̣ϵĳױ˵ʱҵѾյϢ˹ص۹ڣһƬġǰϵĴ࣬˵أеĺ⻹֪εء
ȲƱƲƲƣɱ֮ǵңȻûʴȿԣͳϵǳԵĵ᲻װɡʵϣұǳɢ۹ϧǹĵ۹ֹ֣ⳡߡ
嵭Ƥûһ¡
ܰϵ϶ˣжκεĲʵϣⱾսпʵ֮˹زܣܵľǴƣʱʧֻ಻١Ȼ˹غگǷսһǾͱܡ
Ǻǣ󶼻˵ǡްˣܾ֮޻˵
仰ҲȻһЦ
ֻһսʤܣϣ󶼻ܱ̬
İɣƲܵģ
ʮĴޣŵ˫ǳ͸¶һָ־
ˣ
һ䣬ɲ֮䣬նȻһ䣬һֱǵĨЦͻȻȥޱȣλƺ˹ص޵б˴еâ˸˭Ҳû˵ȴͬʱӶԷϸоһǿս⡣
󶼻ǲҪ˵̫磬ˮҹһжǱ仯ģƲԶʤߣ
֪˶ãͻȻЦĿԽ壬ߺ棬ɫˮһ㣬ãã纣޾Ĵʳš
ûʲôǲܵģƲܣڵĵطƾ;ܣ
嵭߲ͣȴ͸¶һǿš£Դĵλû˸ǰ˵ֻغͶç֧ǰǹǰôͬʱҲôŵĿҲֻˡ
Ǻǣ¾ڴ󶼻һչɨ۹ˣ
޵ȻһЦȴû磬תͷ壬ʱķȥ
үҪҪָɵ
ѦǧѹߵܹѦǧ֮һ̣ĿһֱضŴ޵ıӰѦǧûвμӹ֮սǴ޵׹ھš
˹ǧﱼϮʴ޾ıܹɵޣԿԸ˹һ
ʮɵľ룬ȻеԶǵٶȣȫлᡣ
ˡ
嵭ԥѦǧ飺
ѹǸ˹𣿡
ѦǧʶŤͷȥŶĳЩ̫ӣǴװϿӦǸ˹صĽ죬θϤѦǧüͷ΢壬ʲôͻȻ۾
ǡǶç֧
ЦЦŤͷ߰ɣ

뿪ʱ򣬴ͬͶç֧һ
࣬ҪҪɱ
ç֧ͷ΢бɱâܺȱһսʼͷʹȻ޺ֻж̶̵һɲǶڶç֧˵ͺͣһֱǹǿҵɱ
ˡ
ͷҲأɲǰУ
ɱġŲߣ㲻Ѿᵽôױɱǧˡңû֥Ѿ߹𣿡
ç֧΢ĿǰƣȻһϤӰ
ֻ취ˣ
ç֧̾ϢһתͷŴķȥ



896 Ǵ󽫣
ô
˹⣬֥һƥɫԣѸӭ˹
޺ʹʳѹᣬμ֮Ǻܿͻᷢ𹥻
ƽ
Դʳ˺˹֮䣬ȶԸ˹𣿡
֥ʵ彫˳ɵıۼ˶ߣ˹˷ǳӡ
˹ˣȶԸ˹غͻʣ
ҡҡͷЦž
ͻʣ
֥΢¶ɫ¡¡ɻʱͻȻ֮ضɽҡ˹غ󷽣һ̳ƺƵ𣬲֪
ˣ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һ˾޴˧ӵƽߴһֻצĽɫǣ˲Ծֻɫľǣ˶ͫһͻȻޱȡ
Ƭ½أֻһŻʹצľΪԼı־ͻʺͻʺֽɫҲֻĶſʹá
ͳЩģһͻʵĵ۹󽫣
˼
֥ɫͻȻޱȡݺ꣬Ȼк֥ܶûмЩĴ󽫻ûи֥֪ġ
Ǵ󽫣
ͻʺĴ֮һս鼫ḻͥ󶼻˼˳ϳԹ̣Ҫǡ
壬СģͻʵǴ󽫶˼ɱǸҶǶĲһγġֹˣ»ͻʺ⣬ǿ֮һ֧࣬սǿ걱ͥ󶼻˼˳ǰ֧ϡ
֥һص
ţ
Ƥһ£ʶŤͷǸ˾޴ɫ졣˼ͻʺǴ󽫵岢İƬ½أܱߵ֮УǴ󽫶˼Ľ֮һ
˾ܺ͸֥ƽƽġ
û˼ȻͰǶ֮仹йϵ
ԣΪǶ𣿡
Ŀд˷
һç֧һ˼ټϡŤͷԶվڴһɫӰǵӰ岢İ޽ϣϲ뽹Ļأ
ССһ˹֮ǣȻۼ˹غͻ۹󽫣ټϴʳ۹Ķܶ˹֣ƺȻͬʱ۹󽫼Ķ֡ڴƼ䲻
ֹˣ˼Ƭ½ϣڽټϴʳ˵ľԼԼǧѾۼ
ʷϣûгֹ
ԣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һԶ󷽡ڴ޵ĺ󷽣ǧ˹ˮɢһ֧˶׳ȾɺѪӡǣ˹شĺ󷽻ʻ˳
ЩԱߵ˹ȣԴһţ׶һ
Ϸ籩ϢҲ˲˵ע⣬п˶оһεѹ
³
һԱߴҵǺںɫ˹ѿڶļⶸһ±ýġ
û˵ͬء֪бȴû뵽Ȼ˹ϣͬʱҲǿ
³
Уٶǰ˹³ǿǼ縺ػְ𣬴Ӳ뿪˹صϱӴʳ۹ָԭʱ˹˶ûжùǡ
ԭ棬Ψһһֻá
ս֧ԶʤѾຣͰ۱û뵽޾Ȼ˴³
³ټϴʳ۹ľšļȻͬʱۼһأʷϴδй飡
ˣ
һϤѹȸдԺдһһ̣֮ʯϤڶ
صĽ֯ģܳĶۼһʱ򣬱Ȼᷢ΢ķӦҪôһϣҪôһָ¡ѣǿµĸ֣ȡʱ̣Լ˵ľ񣡡
˵ĶԾѶӣڿʼÿɱһ³30ÿɱһʳľ50ÿһ۳100񽱳սмʱ㡣
ע⣡³ľ֣ɱ㽱ͣ

иһĸоû뵽֮ʯʱ򣬷֮ʯ񣬿ƸԼһսϻ;ʵȫˡ
ڳ⣬ǿľ󳵴ǲ󳵴ľӣ֮ʯ˵Ǿ仰ǻɱ³ľȫڽ͵ķΧڡ
Ҳ˵Ҫ֮ʯЩ㣬ֻͨ֮ĶԾá
ֹˣÿɱһ³Ž30㣬ɱһľҲֻ50ÿһȴ۳100㡣
ԣѾǵȫףԶ𣿡
а
үô죿
ҵŤͷ塣
ȥ׼ս
忴ԶȻһЦѸٵԶȥ
ͬһʱ䣬֥ҲһѸٵķ˵ڶ֮

Զһųģ߸ߵϣǧ˹פ棬ûһ˫˫Ŀ׷Ŵޣһ˴ĺ󷽡һ޴죬ͻһ㣬
֧ǰ棬һӥǹˣߴͻ꣬һƥͻԣĿͬսһ㡣ĺ棬һ֧ɫף·Ĵ˹أԼκﶼ֧ͬȫǵ̣ԶԶȥ֧ƹ죬һͷɫһ㣬ֻǿһۣ̲סһɾµĸо
أ
Ǻ쳹գǧÿһʮͷĳ߶ߵľǣķ򣬷ӵ
˼Ȼˣ
վ궥ˣһЦϣڴ޼ƻУһڵǳˡ
ȻӦⳡϷִƵʢ磬ôܲ
һ˶
ϣһ쳤˵ĿУХ˼һȣڿնͬһȼջ㴩գĶˡ
ԣ˼ĵط궥˾ͺһɷ籩㣬ӴѹѹȵΧ˷׷ȥ
˹صЩ佫ûа취궥ˣΧʮ֮㣬һ׷ױȥ


897 ڡͻ֮ˣ
˼ס֣
ɫһ䣬һᣬѸٺبڴǰͬʱç֧ҲͬʱųһǿϢסޣ˼Ϣ⡣
˹غͻ֮һ飬ڴƽ֮ǰ˫ѾòɿǴΪɱ򣬿Ƭͬʱע⣬˫òɿ
Ȼڵ˹غͻ֮Ѿûôĳͻɹܴƣ˫ֻǵˣ£˼Ҳɵޡ
ģ˼ֵġ
ް˰֣һߴӶç֧ͻصı˳һӭŶ˼Ŵݵȥ
ٹӭ
˼ŴޣĿбòڻΪһЦ
ãõǣ
һЦ˫֮ͻȻࡣ˹ص۹ͻʺıɱϣǳöԹĽѾ֪ˡ˫һμ棬ܹô̹Ȼ޹˼ɵĳԼǰǣ˼Ͳòͼ֡
ô˵Σ
˼һ˵ţһ꣬Զ˹֮ǡĸߣ˼Ҳ̲ס΢΢ɫ
ÿķӦٶȣԴҲûͻǵľ𣿡
󽫾ǲҪ̫⣬ǸһᣬȴǴʥ׷һԸ֣ƻʵѾмˣǵҶ¡
һԱߴç֧Ӻ˹ѵ
˼û˵һ˫üͷȴ΢΢˹ʧ˼ζѣֲͻʺͻʺҲһܡ仰ߣҶ֣˼Ļ˻ȥ֮սҶһ׼ʧܻǰͥĻӱץԷҪЮ˶ʮƥͻս¹˹ǱҲ֪ˡ
˫˭ҲñȶԷ϶٣
ҶͲǲˣαΪġǸСΣҶһɱģ
˼ӥԶĿֻɨһȦܿãã纣˴е塣
ǺǣǿѾһˣ
΢Цŵ˹غͻʣ޵Уʷ⻹ǵһ֣˵ǰδеʢ¡ڴ֮ǰҲֻͨӥͶ˼򵥵ϵһζѡ
жţȴδ档
һɲǣȷţս˼ȻԼᶨѡ
ʳǱô˵
˼Ҳû棬Զֱӿżɽһս˹غͻʵϣȴؼʵսһߵĴʳ۹Ϊдʳ۹ԼԲϡ
ҲǶ˼Ӧǰᡣ
Ļʱͻʵ۹ʳ˶Ըƣʳ۹ʤԸԼǾǰʯͷԼĽˡͻ壬ǳ㷶һңԶĴʳ۹ͻҲ˽ġ
һ˹ص۹ǿĴڣ
ǱҪͻʺԸʹʳ۹ս
İɡһѾ׵Ѿʹʳ۹ĶܶͨţѾ֤һսʤһ˹ءͻʹͬϷ򡣡
޵ȻͶ㣬ȻȻ¶һ˳ᢵǿš
ʳҰһأʤ֮󣬷ԸǣңʱָΣЩ࿼ǹ𣿡
˼ֱ
ǣЩҵȻǹ
һЦƺϵ˼ʵݲȵ
ԣѾʹʳĶܶԼⳡսʤϣһ밲¤˴ƾʦһϷ£
䣡
һʯǧˣ޵Цç֧ء˼˻һƬ޴ͨԡ֣Ͱ˹֮ͨҲȫôʳдɡ
ç֧ͻֻ֪˫һ£ͬԸƣ̸ʲôû˵Ҳȫ֪ΪκҲǹܴͬΪֹû뵽޾ȻѾʹʳܶԼʤ֮ͦϷִƣ
뷨֮󵨣ç֧ͻλ˹صĵ۹󽫣е𾪣
˹ءͻʣټǿĴʳ۹³ɹ½ǰδеӴˡ۹ϣп׶½صİͼ׵ĸıİͼʵͻʺ˹ص۹δʵֹΰҵ
ã
޵ĻǴ󽫶˼Ц˷ܵĿ⣺
ޣҹȻûп㣬еǣʳδȣ֥ûսʤǲ˽⡣Ǹ˹ָ»˼ɡ࣬࡭˹Ĵϵλ࣬еһҴӦ˹ȻûģھͿɳ޿ɺӦ㡣սɣǹͬϷִƣ죡£
䣡
Ŷ˼һ£ԶǧͻԼͻǿ֮һӿԾ˹ꡣպգµͻɫ˹غںɫ׵³һһңʷǰĲվһ𣬴ڵ̰һ㣬궥ˣɢһǿѹ
˹غͻʺ޵Уһˣ

ϣϣϣ
˹ǽ⣬ڶߣǧӶͣĴ£ÿһ£ҳǧĻǡһ£Щ߾ͱǿһ֡һ߾߷䲻ͣļ赽ЩϣƬսһƬ֮ǽ
ǧĸ֮ǽģ飬ǧķ䣬и־е
ֱһ̣µĳ׼Чһչ¶ˣսϵȴû˿ɣ֮֮ǰԽıÿ˶Զ궥³ֵ׽Ǿ죬ԼһϢǿޱȣ籩ӥǹ˵ͻʴ󽫡
ǧ񣬲Ŷ׳˶ޱȵ˹³гģоһǿѹڴ²վһͻʺ˹ش󽫣Լޣ˺оϢ
¡¡ĽŲضɽҡʳڴݲȣԼȶĽŲһ֮󣬸Կ֮ͳǧʿȫӦԡڶ֮塢ϡҵǧߵͳ˧һվ˭Ҳûע
սţġ
ˣһսô򣿡
֥Ŀǰ
ֻʣһˣϳеĹӶҲֻңԶû࣬ӱսһͳ˧ֻ֥Ǹλ
ǺǣˮڣһսǲɱģѾ̫ˣҲҪһս˶ףƬĴ½ϣȻеĵһȻǿĴڣ
ǰȻ򵥵һ˵ø֥ϡǧλ˧̲סƤһнסȼһųѾõĻ档
ȷʵƳ̫ˣ
뵱꣬Ǹâ¶Ĵƣżʮ͸׷𱱣ѹܱƽǧ͸׷ôͻʵ۹ʮֻӴܣӳǧ֮⣬ͥҪˣ
ǵǸǿսĴƣôС֮ӣƵķâ


898 ı
˵ĺãͻʣ˹أֻߴʳֺܱ¹ˣʲôһоͰ뷨Ĵ󵨵ȥɡһȫ㣡
֥ĿйâʮϣҲҵԼʧȥѾõļ顣
˹ΣʳΣ
Լƾһ첻¡زµĳ徢ӵĻɱһƬأܵʥʵӣΪĴ󶼻ս
ã
ⷭҲıǡһĩʥһǰս񣬻ڵ۹ĶսϣƻȲʳ˹غͻʣãѾ侪ˡܱߣֺùѹԱ
ң֮ϣʤսϣԶôġн裬Ϊһϸͳ˧һһһԶ£Գ׿ָ׵ѹɵԷ
սûκεĻɣͳ˧ͱµ֣
һͳ˧ս
ȸ̽Էܹж𣿡
Զͻʡ˹
غү˹ɳͺմǵӥûа취ֻƲһš˹ˣͻӦˣȫǾ񣡡
һᡢųȸλͳ˧󣬼ֻͣӥ֮Сɳ̬
˹˵ͺմӴһȺȺգټϴʳ۹߼лƿڴ÷ǳѣֻͨԷĿݣΪӥȡռ䡣
ͻ˵֣ҲͨȸͨСɳϸ߿գðġ
˹شͻʺľܹʮҵı㹻ˣȻ˹غͻǱʱԸ⶯֣ǾǱսɣ
Ƶ屳˫֣Զ꣬£ȻȻ¶һǿҵƣǸݺµʥ󶼻ݽںһڵ壬Ϸǵ˿ʮĳۣ͸¶һֺԨâ¶ͳ˧ʣһԵϺ͸֥̲סƤ
ǰʼɣ
ͷҲص
֮
һ£ʻ֮Ϊ򹤽ͷ죬ѸٿԶȥ
䣡
ֻһľ죬˵Ƥ£ԭѾ޵ļߣͺӵԼһ㣬ǰӿȥ䣬һһ޴ĸǽͻе£صڴϣǵڶĵŨ̳ͻȻĶ˴ʳ˹˵ע⡣
ЩʲôǲѾѵǻʲôƣ
Զ궥ˣç֧һĻ̲סƤ΢Ȼ֮ǰֻӴһĸ֮ǣЩǽ͸֮ǣλ˹صĵ۹ĥӡ󣬶ç֧ĲҰܾ﷢ġ
µĸߣç֧ܲĽ䱸Ӱ
û˵һ˫üͷ΢΢
뽫ǺͰ˹ֳ׵ķָ
۾ǰ
˵˶ļƲָƣҲֻˡǳսۣȻʧܣҲһȽƵɽˮĵزǼǷȥĽǳսԺзļ֡Ħо
κû飬һһȻĿġ
ʲô˼ⳡսǺʹʳӦϣлһԸôʲô壿
˼Щɻ
ڳ֮ǰɳ޿ɺǱ߾ͽ͵İͷϣˡթͻʺʮƥͻս󶼻˼Ǻ˽⡣
ⲻһ
ҡҡͷԶðĹỤ̃ɫ˺ܶࡣ
ǺʹʳӦϣлıΪһ壬γˡһһøǽǷָͱ˴мֱԸⳡսݱ֮սһʳһǵ
ôվмָɹǺʹʳ֮ϢҲܵӰ죬ǼΪ٣ǺͰ˹֮䣬¾ֻͨŸݡ
޵
ԣԭϣһսʱıսԣʹʳһ𹥻ˣ
˼ʵ
뷨Ѿˡ
޵Ŀ⿴Զ
а취ܹʹ򵥵ֶΣԭμһ˵ľƸӻһ㣬Ϊ˴ޣҲѡ
۱û˱ǿˡ˵ս񣬵ãڱ֮ϣҲ޷Ტ۰ɣ
ип
ΰϵ꣬ʹƵĵ۹ͻ³Ͻ֡Ŷ꣬޴ûһϸоǿҵвֲŻžޣͣҲǴҪ֮ġ
ڣ˹Ժްޡ
ѵĲƹȥ𣿡
һӶ𣬻ؿԶЩʵʮͻʺ˹͵ʮ߰Ĵʳ۹ӣ弸ССĸ֮Ǿ׸ˣ룬ΪսΧƣǴƷָδЩԽܡ
У
ҡҡͷĿƳһԶΡΡȻƵ˹֮ǣ
ξģֻһ㡣
˹֮ǵĵηǳӣȻƬһƬƽԭҰƬƽԭΧȴǧ֣ͺͺɽͣһзǳƶͣǳʯ˵ѡｨǣҲԭ򡣡
һƽ˹ѡеĻƣ׵ֵ߽սϸоָƣ
˹֮Ǻ󷽾ЩΣյͱڣǳغɽͱ֮䣬ֻкխһͨҪֻͨͨǰƽԭشڣ彫߷ָ͵ڽǺʹʳ֮Ļͨ׵ķָΪûв²⣬ߣһһȱڣ޽ס
Ϊʲô
Χһ
޵һ𰸡
ԶƺӦŴ޵Ļһֱ裬ڴϲߣͣƽԭıԵ֮һխխĿյ
ˣ
Զͬʱڴ֮У˻֣´ֹͣ
Χһһͨɡ
СܣǸ޿ɲ׶ԸַΧһһͨޡ
һϵĽŲżƬ񶯣Ӻ洫Ĵһ£֪ͦʲôʱӺ֮ս
һ֪
嵭ĿŶǵŵӰɫݶţ
ıııǹıǴҲ޿κΡϵıΪϣ


899 սʼ
ˣ
ϵıΪϡ䣬üͷһ¡ҽ֮ңѧԨԶбսߣϤ֪ءԼСʱʱĻѧҲӡ
ڣǴԸ⻹ǲԸ⣬Ҫˣ

ǰ˹֣Ǵޣǰܹ֥߾Ͳ˵ˣ˱㾡ȫ˿Ĵ⣬Ϊʥа취ռȻΪ
ƣʮΧ֮֮֮ս֮ʿûжԷ࣬û·õİ취й£ƶԷڹսУسǷԶǱʧ٣Ҳռŵġ
ڣڴʹ޳֡

ıǲϵǲȥ뱻ȫָڹ֮УǾͱ
Զϣ޾Ӹ£۹󽫵棬˵ⷭںܶϣ岻ǵˣѡ֪ʲôҲ֪ʲô
ûıı
ıԣǼԷˣҲް취ֻĲ
Ѿ롣ۣܼʮҲԶƣҲûӵˡźŸʳ۹׼һΣ۹һݻٴб⣬Ҳı
˵󣬴ЦһҲâ
ʳ۹ͻʺټ˹ص۹ܱߴʱϵ۹ڴۣһԸߡ
һԽĸϵײҲǴıУ˹ص۹ҪսʤƵΨһ
أ
޵ֱصĻ£ɲǼ䣬˹֮ǵĶһϡĺţŽ˲Ϣؼ𡣺κսŽǶͬŽǵŶصɣĳźһ

ˣ˹˷źˣ
ͬʱءŽǵ¡¡˹֮ǵ࣬ضҡʳ۹ܶ˹ֻĴλվб¶Ϊ֮ʧɫľâ
£
ڣ
һ·͵Ұһ㣬бɲﴫһӴӰͶ˹ԼΧʮʳ۹Ľʿ档
Ŷ̫Կһߴж߰ˣͨҵҪ޴Ĵʳͽ׳ޱȣһ޴һֻһվض³·֡
վڰ˹ǰ̫ƺסˡǾ˰ֲߣΧĿƵĴʳ۹սʿμ穣ǰͬСһ㡣
ɲǼ䣬ΧеĴʳ۹սʿһͷӴӰ׷׾ȥͬһ㡣
ʳ֮ޣ£
ڴʳб͡ѪͬʱҲսµĴڣһͷΪսɱ¾ξޡ
ڴʳ۹չĹУʳ֮޹ɺĹУսҹͣЪɱӯҰļ¼ɺĩڣֻʣһս
һˣֿ񱩺׺ݣȴɺеĲоֲб͸׵Ļս־ʹúɺƽ
µͣԼײС񱩣ʳ޷ġ
λʳ֮޾һͷѪޣһųȥͱѪأ
޾ţȥɵǸưɡҪ㳹׵Ĵݻǵķߣ
˹ֵ
µǰλʳ۹ѪܶϢҲ°Ƶ˭Ҳ޷ѹס
ǣˣ
ûйԣʳ֮޹¶һĨбɫ͵Ťͷ˶Ũ̹ܵĴƷߡ
𣡡
Ŷ͵ķһ쳹صŭɲ֮䣬񶯣һ֧ɷɱڣߺͱʳսʿǿĴʳͬȺ㣬Ӷʮʳӱ
ֻУգһͷоų߶࣬սĺɫʳԳ˻ţӴг˳ɱ˹µԡ
¡
¶˵ĿһƥɫԣѸɶȥ
˹ִڴ󷽣ŹʧԶܿջĿ⣬ͬʱֱۣ
˹˺ͻźţɣ
ˣ
Ű˹ֵʳ۹ķһսսޱȣ̣սͬ͸˹֮мսһ·˶ңԶϡ
࣬ʳյźˣ
һ˹صĽعͷꡣ
һ˵ͷ
ˡ
¡¡ʮƾӵһߣ˹֮ǵߣûκεףԭƽĴʳͻȻӿƽ˲˵ԭƽٶͬţеĻôھޱۡ˹ڵƬ򣬴ؾ񱩷еһҶ۰㣬ҵĶ
үʳ˽ˣ
ĸɵѦǧ͵Ťͷ壬͸¶һɽŵζ
쵽ڣƽõ˹սٴսơƵӿ˶ֻһһܼصսʮһȻ֮ӿ첽ǹɽǵأ˶оһǿѹ
ս˲Ũʮٱֹ
֪ˡ
嵭ֻһ仰ѦǧѦǧŤͷֻ缤ĳ졣ڴĹӰ֮Уɫ㣬򶨴ݣ˿ĲɲǼ䣬·һεע飬Ѧǧתߣ˵
սһ
ޣˣ
򶫱ߣĿһѩĹâ

ɣ
ͬһʱ䣬ϣкһ´˽
¡¡һ춯صľ죬սĶߣԶԶģһϣǧ˹غͻʱͻȻͬйբ֮ˮ㣬ӿ£
һɲؼžһƬֻʣս
ʳˡ˹ˡͻˣһ̣Լͬѡ˽ܹʮľֻʮԶԼĶ֣ԥѡ򵥣ֱͬʱҲֱӵķʽ
գ
սһһܼףͬʱսഫÿһǶ̤˵Ŀһʮıͬŭӿ˷Х
缤ս񺿣սıƽ˹սĽ˲ϢԼαǣ
˹֮ǰ֮ǽɵķ֮䣬ʱ˿ȴǾĵġǧԮÿ˶סеһֱŵĶǰ
ʮѻȸȴŵϢ
׼
սﵽ۷ʱһϿڰڵڷ˵һ


900 ϯԪ죡
ˣ
ɲǼƽж
ﬣӦǶܱ飬Ĵܣغڵϣź󷽴Сɵìϣֵܼĳìͬʱ׼࣬ʣͬʱĻ֧ܹǧСͬʱţ̣һ˶뷥һĻͽһģһȷĲ˼顣
һɣʮƾɢϢҲȻһ䣬ͬһֲܿսʼ׼սո
һ˹֮ǵ洫ȷĴʳˡͱ仯ǧĴʳﱼţЩʳ룬ֿһߴޱȵӰһƥޱȵĴһȣȻг˳
ǵӰɲǣ嶼̲סƤ˼¡
ߣرߣ
ҵޣĺѾǳͣΪˡ˾ȻҵҪߡ׳˶ģɵľ룬ɸһּǿҵӾ
رµս˻Ҫ߳ͷжΪ
˴ϵ£ȫźںɫؼף˳صľ޴һ񱼣һ߷Хֱͬ˵еľһ㡣
ŵº򣬿֣ɱ
ǾĴʳͽţɢž˵Ĺâٳ󣬳ǧߴģҺһ͵ĴʳͬţɱڣͬǴʳˣǺ֮ǰܵŷԼµȣ֧ʳǿ˲ֹһ
һɲǣһǰһƵĶܱ־ᶨֵסȫ¶ηɫ
ǹ£ʳ˵ͽ
һصӶߴ֪ʲôʱ򣬳ǧߵߣԶĴʳ飬Ŀǵǣ
Ǻʹʳս£вٵĽʿµϣ״ҡϲգȻٴ·Ժսļûȫʬġ֮ǰϯҪɱûгɹˣ
ϯϯԪ죬еʥ侳ǿߣʵڸ֥ͳǧϯԪ춼ˣ֪жôǿ
𣿡
ԶĹ£̧ͷһĨŨɱʳ֮޹£û뵽˹ֵһսɳľʳĵһͽ
ʲôʳͽҿҲˣ
̽Ҳòŵģϯйа취նɱ£
帺˫֣һŵ

ǧĿ壬һ˵ֻⷭСģԷǳǿ󡣵û뵽Ȼ˵а취ϯԪ췴Ϊʤɱ£óǧΪ㵡һ˵ⷭΪԷڿЦ
飬ȫ޷Ļ
а취ɱ𣿡
ô֪أ
嵭
ϯԪúܿ죬ֻһյŶһӰһƥѩף˳ȾİɫԳ
ҡ
ǿӰ˫أͣɫ࣬ϵ㣬Ц
û˵ϸλϯԪƲᣬ˻ûпŵһŨѪζϸע⵽ϺֱϲŵȾѪ
ƺء
а
֥ǵʱ򣬳ǧųˣڸ֥²ûмλϯȻǸʱӦƺأڳˡ
ৣϯԪվȵɲǣͻȻ֣ϯԪֱۣϯԪüͷһ壬ʶĺ󳷳֣ϯԪΪһȻûֱ۶Ȼһ飬ѾסáϯԪһɷͬСɣһ𣬶̧ͷ
ϯԪΪ˵Եʣûм塣ԶҲû̫˽⡣ֱһ̣ϯԪŷ֣ǰλȻֻʮ꣬ǾȻҲʥ侳ǿߣΪԼֻǿ
ϯҪһ֮ƣ
Ӷдһ̣һɽӺһգƺƵ͵ĳϯԪڡϯԪһʱӦæϢ񣬽ڵơ컯ֹǿնֵĹԷͬʱԽùԷơ
ҲʦаĳĴ컯µһУҪ컯ߴﵽʥ侳ΪУֻܶΪԼʹá
ˣ
ϯԪͷɫڳǧڽԾĿУϯԪԭ԰׵ɫѸٵԾ˵ٶȺ˵ϢҲұȶ
ˣл
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ϯԪĿǾ졣ֻ֪ȴû˵ʵҲôˡʮʥ侳ǿߣƣҲǳͣ׵Ķڡ
ֻǵȻһЦϯԪˣɫҲ΢΢Щ԰ףȴΪǡԴ컯ֻƬָܻ̾
ϯȻ˾Ͱﵽףһһ㡣
˵ţͻȻǰ̤˼Ｘ䡣û֪˵ʲôߵĳǧﶼû˶˵֮ϯԪת壬ľ졣
ˣл˵ģɱǸ£ΪвеİսʿϯĳԶм㣡
˵һ䣬ϯԪ۾Ǻġ
ֻˣͿѹסס˹غͻʵĹɾĴ档Žһ£˴Σֵܰǲġ԰ټƵİĽʿʳ֮޹գԼǰأϯԪеĸ֪
һ췬ѣϯֺαذ̫ߡ׼һ£ɵŽ࿭裡
嵭
ɱ
ڴʱ̳һɱ춯أӶǵضϯԪ˵ôһ޾һȣѾʮɵľ룬ÿ˶ܿ޾Ŷһߴ˶ͬŭĿһ㡣
ǻ£սڣȫĺףһĺеһ¶Щ˶ȻԷǿ׺ƣڹµ޾ǰҲҪμ穣С׼һ㡣
һϳ棬ˣȴ·籩꣬Ĵһ¶¸֮ϣȴһĸĺһǰĿŤģˡ
ɱǣ
ھǽʮɵĵطᵶֱָǰǱŰѪ˻ͺͬײеľһ㣬ļ²ѡ
ͳǧﲢɿ񱩵˷û˿ĲĿһתһ۵һǰĳ±
׼
±վһ߸ߵ˱ϣ£еȸָֽӽֱָǰų±һǧپ߳ѸٵĽиı䣬׼򡣶׼Ĵʳ޾š


901 ޾ţ
䣡
䣡
һִͬХţͬ籩㣬ǵأХһɲǼ䣬еϢ˲Ũҵ˰ٱֹ󣡴ǿҲĴɱУǷӳֱ֮ͬ㡣
Ӷߵִ˹սŷһսĴʳＸǱ˳µķâǰ
һǧپ߳һͿԴһĴʳĿ
һԶĴʳͽ¿ǵضжһ˿Ĺâ䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬ϣһڵĹâѸٵ󣬵׹䵽ϵʱ˲仯ΪȦ޴ĺںɫս⻷
⻷ֵɲǣ˲Ϣ䣬һεɢսסĴʳ޾šֻһգۣе޾ŶʱϢǿһֹһѸٵסе޾ʿֹˣЩ޾ŵʿ£ǧ΢ĺںɫս⻷Ѹٳ֣ǵʵ
֮
ڰѪܣ
˲ʩչԼʳ⻷Ĵʳͬӵͬﵽ߲εս⻷ǰ߿ԴǿսʿеĸףʹǵķӲȴӣһ㡣Ҳǹ¾ֵ
ںߵĺڰѪܣʹùµĴʳսʿܹͿµսΪһ壬ڵѪתΪܣڶΪһһǿ׵ķȡ
⻷ʹùµ޾ţÿսǳǰֱҡ
䣡䣡䣡
һɢżΣյϢÿһ׼һ޾ŵսʿһ̣𾪵鷢ˣǧ޾ͻȻֳһΪ̵ѪܣЩ䴩ЩѪ֮ƲЪ󷽵޾ʿһ䴩
ǽ䴩һ޾ŵʿǿ󣬿䴩߰˸һֱϵʮʿٶȺѸٴͺո䴩ĲһѪ֮εĸһ㡣
䣬һǿϣڴеֳƬƬ޾ʿµûг֣˵޾ֻһǧˣЩΪҪⲨл
ôܣ
һߺ󣬳±ɫ͵̧ͷΧеսʿҲ¶𺳵ɫ
Ƴ½֪Ǿոʹʳֻһǧܳո˵ĴʳǷ۸ոһһֻ䴩ˣȻǿ֮ĩˣûгֹ
ôһɲǣߺеĳսʿһƬţ˶𺳵˵
ո˸㣬µ޾ŷֲ֮ǰĳǷսУǵҲйǣЧǳޡЩϳͷĴʳʿ൱һֶǹµսʿ֮ǰڳ¥ϣҲǱЩʿ൱ԲŻᱻ˹ش
棬ǧӺͷ졣
Ǳ˹ɳĴʳţÿһʵǷǰľСһսԶôֹۡ
ǣֻһçѣΪ壬Ҳǻϯ𣿡
˰֣һƽᡣ
ʳ֮޹ȷʵ˫⻷ȻֵܽزҲǵһμǿҰҲͷҰޣкüְ취ԶԸֻڵѾǿ˺ܶ࣬ȣּĽӴսòԳ֡
׼
һɲǣһǰ±ĿкһѸٵ˷Ӧ˵ڶ
Ŀ꣬ȣؽڲλ
û˿ԥ±Ѹٵѡ޾ŵʿѡ˸Ӵսؽڡ
䣡䣡䣡
󳵶飬һܹһǧöͣǵصļ걩һλøֻ͡һ춯صľ죬ڶֵУ֮ЧͼӰϣֻһ˻ǧȷ׷۶ϣ޾ʿˤ£ײڳ֮У̳
ǿ֮ͺڰѪܿ赲ס󳵵ȴסսȹؽڣ󳵿ֲǰеսؽڶֽͬƬ㡣飬ǧܼ꣬ÿһ䴩˶ʮƥսȡ
ǧԭڵ޾ţ˲һƬңսսײһʿʿˤһ𣬵˻ŭֹˣ޾һƬ֮󣬺󷽳Ĵʳܵ谭һЩܲݺݵײǰ޾ʿϡ
̳ײڶսһƬҡ
ֻһССĵ±󳵾һȻûɱһ޾ŵʿЧȴǶûﵽġ޾ҲⲨмȫϡ
ô飡
Ҹոջ־Դ󷢣ŴɱɱĹ£صľսʿ˲̡ͬһǰһʱֻһǧˣǵڶȫеսȫ١
ûս޾ţʵ½һ룬ҲǼĲѣѾԶԶ㲻ҵ޵оš

һӶߴе޾սʿµɲǣ±ɫٴ´ֻһΣ׼Ĳսǳǧ޾ʿ
Ҫ˺ǣ
͵شһԴ󷢣͵һźںâʯһ㣬ŴƵĵһߣݺݵײȥ

һ֮ٳʱĿһתתͷѾŵڶȥˡͣҲֻһˣ˵Ƶ޾ԵڵϵɲǣԼĲԾѾɡ
ʳԵҲԼͭǽڰߡ൱һʱڣǲܳƵߡ
ͻ˺˹ˡ
ԺͷĿ˹֮ǵĶأһǺУڶսϣͬ˾˵ı仯ĿУӭŶĳͻȻǧľ޴ǣκˮ˹ʹʳ
Щǣһ죬ٶȼ죬ֻһԽеͬһƬӿĳˮһ㣬ǵأɽӿĿȫ־޴ǡ
ͻʾǣ
Ժһ⣬ĿԽƽԭ˶ϷǸ˾޴׽£忴һĿڣӥǹˣ·籩ӰܴôȺģҲֻλͻʺǴ󽫶˼ˡ
ɣ
һδƽһ𣬾ЩǵصȺ֮һӤͷϷ̧ͷֻ飬·һ˹ͺգȺӣӿз˶£ŵڶ˹
ǵĿꡭȻǵϵСӣ


902 ֲĴޣ
ޣ
岻ÿҲ֪һǴ޵ⶫսϵͳ˧һʹȺһʹͺգֱӲͬķλԼ̽ԵĹȺͺգЩԭ͸ԭϵڶ˼ʹ˵Ҫж٣˶٣ۡ
ȴַͨʽ̽ڶսϵķ
ȻˣԸɣ
忴ŶѩĿ⣬¶һ˿Цݡܶ˼ʹ޴ʲô⣬뿿ȺͺͻԼķߣֱǳ룬̽Ҳע̽ó
ʮɣ
ʮɣ
ţ
ʯ䣬һ侲ͻȻӶķߺһ̣˶жһˣȺ裬𶯳ȺͿеͺȺҪ˹ɲǣһ¶¸ǽϣĿѨſʮƵļܼ꣬汬
أ
һͷǰľ޴ܲͷһѪ˲Ϣ䱻߸ڵ档һµĿͷ޴ϿգʮƵܼ꣬Х£ڶǰ߰ʮɵķΧڣãã纣ԼȺȫڵϡ
ֹˣۣ֮Уһͷһͷͺվţ䴩򡢸һֻֻ·ʯͷ·ԿһƵսʿץž޴ĳӣĿѨ׼˿С
ֻôһССı仯˲佫ҲһƬش
ȺҺͺվУֻڶǰãã纣ȺͿǵصͺգ˲գĿЩȺͺյʬ壬սͻȻһ
ˣ
һĻԶϣ޴׽£˼۽ɫˡ
ʲô
˼вӿԶǸӰеĸо췭ظȫˡһȻӦ޵ĿҲΪе֮䣬ûн֡
˲ϢʮƼĿֲװã˼ƽδȫԹ֪
Ա߲Զ޵ͬ
֮ս彻ֵʱҲֻ䱸һһ¸ǽѣԼʮֻܱķأûôֲɱ¾䣬ǿȺɱڶԸâܵʱҲʹù
ȫֲͬĸ
ǲãã纣ļ꣬ϣÿһ˶оһַ𺳡
ţ
ֻͬսĶͬ˹֮࣬һߺҲˣɲ֮䣬ʮƵļ꣬󷽵޾ţĴʳȫ֡
ţ
ţ
ţ
ǧķ䰲װڸ֮ǽ棬ÿһ涼һʿزʮƵļǵأ纣һ㣬ϵĺХȻЩ֧ɱԶԶȲϳ൱һֵļ֧ʳϴ׵£ǵЩ֧ﵽһֲȻ൱ˡ
ۣϴ˹֮սϴսûг嵽һǰ˼֧һξص˵ڵϡ̶ֻʱڣһ֮ǵǰʬҰѻɽ

߸ߵ˱ϣ±Ŀеĳһһεػ¡һ󳵲Ϸ䣬ÿһսϴļ꣬ߴĴʳսʿƺķѴĲ߶켼սϣӳǿ
̶ʱڣƵĴʳƬսϡ
ʱ򣬴ʳ˵ͺηչ¶ɣųͷ˫ؿֲļ깥ܴĴʳ˴Ƶĵһ֮ǰǺ󷽵Ĵʳһ㣬ǰͺ̣ǵϣһη壬ĳ־޴ҫһ㡣
ʳԺսսɳΪ٣˵ս͵ڻعĻһּߵĶͺҫԴʳ˱֮˹˺ͻˣҪǿ͡
Щȿֺ󣬳ĴʳţҲƤ
һδƽһ𣬾ڴʳ˷ȫʱԶ飬ǧ˹ͻźţͬʱƾǺͻȺûܹЩ˹˺ͻ˿η塣
أ³֮⣬ɳȥ
ϣХһƥ˹棬Ŀǰɫᶨޱȡ˵ǿӹɵģںʹƵսУκҪʧ΢С۾սʤƵ뷨ǲʵʺͼΪɵġ
սͻһ˹֮սѾĴ㡣ֻҪܹ׵Ĵݻٰɱ壬ôһеֵõġ
ˣսƣζڱС
ƾҴ֮
Ķװ𣿡
ǰͷҲص
׼ˣһо͵ȴ
һӺ洫
š
޵˵ͷ
֪ͨʳһж⣬ʼɣ
ǣ
һӰܿȥʧ󷽡

¡¡Хսڣǧ˹˺ͻֳɱأһǺǧɫٴδЩ󷽳Ǻ͵һβͬھڶ߻ٶɵʱͻˣ˵Ƥ£âһе˹غͻ˴һ̽ȻͬʱóһԲεضܳ
ɱ
ǣռ򣡡
ɵǣ

ɱ춯أ˹˺ͻȻԲͨһĬľͬһһϷӣеԲǰ٣һɡһסսĴ󲿷Ҫ
һĻڶߺеĴƽʿ΢΢ɫͺջȺֻڵԲܣ˹˺ͻбȫ׼
׼
ϵһγϵĳߺ𡣶ǵڶߺ죬һǧټܳ󻺻ĵ򣬳ĳ£һļػ̧𣬿ʼŶ˹˺ͻ׼
ҲʱǸокһ£ʶı۾
⣡
һݣʱɫոյʱûע⣬Ǿһ̣׼׼ʱ򣬶ĳһ̵ĽǶȣö׼˵۾Ҳǡ˹˺ͻ˷ʱ̡
ѵ㵽𣿡
ͻȻһļɵ
ı࣬ڼ㣬ǺͺүһǿĶ֣ڵ۹ϣ˱ءδǧͻϮɫľͱܹȸµߣһȺͺգԼõԲܡʱⶼ㵽ˣҲδֲ̫ˡ


903 ֶΣ
߷ŵܹͣ⣬עϵӰӣ
һϤӺ󷽴ʱͻȻˡ˶ʱߣҲѸٵ侲
ı䷽עµλã׼
ѸٵķһȻĳ׼µɲǣ¡һ̶Хڵڶߺ󣬵һȭͷСĺӰѸٵ󣬻û˷Ӧһ˫˺ϱľ޴ʯͷصھ󳵴Զĺ󷽡
ʯ
ڰ棬ľ޴ʯ飬Ƥ͵һ£
Сģ
Ȼûе巢棬һ춯صıըعͷֻŨ̹ܣϣһŨĺɫҺĴţڵȼգЩỤ̃ЩɫҺȼɢġ
ʳͣ
ͫһ˳ʯ䣬ͷӹԺ㱼ʲô
Ͷʯ
ʳ˹ؾȻͬʱ׼ֶԸԼ
ţ
սԶԶģһҰ󷽣ʱ˿̣԰ټơߴͶʯں󷽡ЩͶʯԱߣһ˹˻ڴһϣȡһľƵͶʯŵװš
˹ظԭԲԭΪиߴľЩͶʯľ޴ľϣȫǴǰگﹺġĸ֮ôܹģڲνӲģ黯ģΪֹԸ˵һܣǣȴлУ˽Ͷʯģ黯ķһ·˵˹
Ƶսϼң񲻿ɵ
ЩװͶʯǴԸ
ţ
ֻһ£Ͷʯһ޴ʯлһ޴ߣԽ꣬ҲԽսŵһߺ棬һܼڵλص˹ȥ
䣡
һ󳵶޴ʯУͬ·˱һ𣬱ҵķ顣һͬԼꤸ߸߷˦ȥΧսʿ򱻾޴ݺݵͬ߷ݰ˳ȥ
䣬һ޴ʯ׹ʿӦҺһʯҳ⽴һ飬飬飬Ŀ顭յХڶ̧ͷȥ֮У԰ټƵľ޴ʯţӶڳ
ţ
ڴͬʱս࣬ʮʳŵߺ󷽣Զսĵطһܼܸߴΰʮ׸ߵͶʯһſЩͶʯǰ棬һʳ佫ĿݺݵĻֱۡ
䣬һ޴ХŸ߸߷𣬻սڵһߺ͵ڶ֮䡣أƬ俪װĺɫŨĴʳкһأ˲仯ΪܵĻȼ
һһ޴򲻶ϵأһߺ棬˲仯ΪһƬ𺣡תֱ£̶ֻʱڣ˲öԴƼΪ
䣬Ⲩңʳͷӳɹӽһһʳʿŭţصײڸ֮ǽԼǰضϡеĸ֮ǽͲضܾҵĲ̶ĸ
ȥ
ɱǣ
еͽ

һʳ쳹ա
սĶ࣬󣬳ףͶʯĹԼ۵⣬е˹ͻＱٽӽЩǰЩ޴Ѿ˹ˡ
үô죿˹׼󣡡
ǽǰ洫սϵ仯̫ˣһ˻Ϸ磬һ̣ʮƾӶʱ˼Ȳĵλ
ԿԷͶʯλ𣿡
Хڰڱϣͷĳ졣һһʯϵЩھԶĵط嵽˰ϣʼǼ侲
еͶʯ棬Ǹûа취
ǽ
˴ϵ˹ʱ򣬻ƬشΪɹ۽긽˲ܳɹŷʹʳһֲ˭Ҳû뵽ȻԸˡ
Ͷʯں棬ڲ֮أǿļȴܲϵĵͶʯķʹͶʯϵĴ
̲ʯ㣬ڴ˿̱¶ɡ
үô죿
ͬһʱ䣬±ļӵһߺ
һſװ͵Ĵ򲻶ϵ׹Ļ𶴱俪Ũ̡ˣܶͻУȼỤ̃󳵴߶Ӱ졣
Щʳ˹˵ʯҪöࡣ
ޣ
Ŀкһ˵һ߶棬ϣǵ׺ţڵ״µĿ⡣˵޲б˵һнɺϣǾšȻΪ˽һУҲΪ˶ԸԼ׼˼ʱ䡣
٣޵ЩͶʯͲǶ̶ʱ׼ġ
үҴɱȥٵЩͶʯ
ʯУһҧбɲﴫҵǿҵɱ
޵ͶʯټܣȫҰ֮⣬ƬͶʯõıʮƾӵĴѸٱΣ
ˣ
ʱһХŶ¡ײʹĲҺݸ㣬ɱżȵ򶨣
ڵΣûΣֵزң˼ءç֧Աȫϣ׼δȥ
ҵɫһͣʱ˵
˼ءç֧˹غͻʺļԱ󽫾ڴˣһɽһبһԽǵǵһ껹ҪԽ
ҵȻδ۹󽫵ļͨ󽫣Ҳδ¡ڻûдﵽֵزͻƵʥ侳˰벽֮ңλʵǿĵ۹󽫣ֻ·һ
Ǵˣѵүѵô𣿡
ҵ޺޵ֵĲʡ
û˵ĿŶϵǵӰԺ˲Ϣͷ޵׼ĻҪֵöࡣʳĳһֱڹעԼĻһѼ൱ϢЩͶʯصģԸԼֶΡ
ǣܴ˶׼ע޷óԸΪΪһս׼ģԶֹһ˶ѡ
ǰ׼ɣ
ͻȻڵ
ǣү
һϵҵɫȻתͷŷ֮һɫĳվһϣ֪ʲôʱ󡣹һ֮ҲûпҵǴʮ״ӴҴҵƵ˹֮ȥˣֻһʧڳС
²ãҲȥɣһսԸʳ˺˹ˣҪ
ȵ֮뿪ֵͷһԲԶͦһֱڴ״̬ĳ²õ²ǹһսǴǰߵģһսȴǰ߽ٵԼߡ


904 ķֶΣ
ף
²һ֣أƺڵȴ
ضүУ
²ùĹһѸٵתͷսһ̳յУѸʧ˹ڵķ׷֮ȥˡһа׵Ŀһתܿع
вע⣬ʱͻȺ׼ʱ峡ȴųˣ
Ѧǧһߡɳʳͣʱ𣡡
壬飬ʱ׼ά󳵣

̶ʱڣ巢һܵĿ侲ǣƺûʲôܹңǡͬʱҵĴ£ѸٵĲȡһ֮ЧĴϡһֻɱǵѸ齨ɱгߵͻʾǣһ֧רɳҲѸٵĿʼɳЩĴʵĺɫͣԭȼյĴŨѸٵĵõ˿ơ
ȻȼգǺ֮ǰȴֹٿôƺˡҪǣһȷЧȻ˱ǾһκսӶˡ
Ϊ˶ԸˣҺʹʳ׼ôʱ䣬ȴֻһͽʮЩһɢɳӶε÷սָͼٷӦжܹ
սԶ߸ߵϣƵ޸ֶĬĬĿԶһĹâΪ֣չ¶ı츳ͲŻҲôҲ̲ס̾;ޡ
ܰϵ٣ܶʮϣȴ޻˵˵ĲŻͬյգ貶Ŀ޷ӡΪ֣Ҳ̲סһܺĶֽսҵĸо
ֻϧվǶְڣ˹أͻʣ˭޷ޣҲ罫Ըԭ˱
˼û˵ŤͷɫѵĴޣɫֵֹġȻΪУǵȻɱԷźãսϻͶֵˣڶ˼ޱȡɾĶ˼ķ
໹Ȥˡ
˼ЦЦԶ¶һ˿̵ɫ
ҴӲҵĶֻ֣ϲɱ֡˭ΪУ˭·һֻ˵ĵˣϲĵˣ
޻ͷһƳȻһЦ㲻˵
˺վǲͬģӥǲһģͻҲǲһģ˼վһͽȴǽ
ȥӴ󹥻ȣ⣬ѴƵĸ֮ǽҲ빥ķΧ
ͷҲص
ǣ࣡
һѸٴҴȥ
ĵ˵ͷһѾ̤죬˹صʯʹʳ˵ĻѾЧ˵ĹѾѹƣû⣬һսƱذɡ
࣬쿴
ͻȻ֮һѸ˵ע⡣ȴһߵ˹ؽ졣һֱֻ۾ָָȴսڵģƵ˹֮ǡһɲǣޡءç֧ԶĶ˼һʶ˳ָķ˹ȥ
Ű߲ģѬǣȴּȻֺ׳˹ǽϣڸ߸ߵǽͷϣǽǵķ˷һƬڵĸ⡣ڳ£ǽͷĴƼʿ飬ææµµЩģṹӵĸһŵĴ
ڸ𣿡
˼ʶʶ㣬λͻʶ֮Уμӹսͥ󶼻˼˳ܹ˼Ҳûмװá
֪
ֻһ䣬ƤͣвûֶȫǱܵģֲĸо˹֮ϵĸװʲô˹غͻ˵Բʲô¡
ܵģѵз
һͷԺзӶ޶ʱɫ΢סôϵһսǰ׼Ͷʯһǰ׼ԸԼȻͷոӹԺһ̣޶оһ춯صľ졣
¡
һ޴ĺӰӹԽ꣬ҲԽλ۹󽫵ͷȥ
ţ
ϣ˼۾΢У˲һĹâϣֻһԽĵ죬˭Ҳû˼ôֵģһ̣ȴһֺҫ۵ĵ·ٲƥڳбֱĳ𣬺¡ֻһ˲ʮĸ߿ͷӹĺӰһϣըķѣмշ׷
һ̣¡һ춯صıըڶ˼ͬʱһܸոװϣ׼ͶͶʯ˲䱻һŴľ޴ʯҵķѡ
ɲǼ䣬ϵĴޡ˼غͶç֧ͳͳɫ
Ͷʯ
һ˲䣬˶ˡ˹֮ǽͷϵЩװȻҲͶʯһǸͶʯҴЧ±ȴ޵ľͶʯҪ
ţ
ͬһʱ⵽ԶֹǴ޲Ͷʯ󣬾˹֮ǵ࣬ڴʳ˵˹ǽͷϣ²ػ£һųصĸͶʯѸٷ䣬һ޴ʯХŴǽͷû߿ڿлһ޴Ļߣս׹ڶʮʳӺ󷽡
䣡
ܼľ޴ʯϵغڴʳͶʯϣһʮ׸ߵͶʯҵķѡ䣬һʯͶʯԵһСɽѻĴϣ޴Щ޴ҵ÷飬װĺɫһء
һԱĴʳ췴ӦֱӱɫĻͽһ
ãСģ
ⲨͻػͶʯԵĴʳɫˡǻûȵκηӦһ̣һ֧ؿռƬʵĺɫϡܣԱ߱ɫմϵĴʳʿҲȼȼ

Ĳҽ쳹գҿⲨĻ
䣡䣡䣡
ڳ²õָ£һһ޴ʯϵش˹֮ǵĳǽڴʳ˵ͶʯϡͶʯĹԵģû׼ͷԣƫΧҲ൱һͳľ׼ȫûа취Ტ۵ġ
ǵЩͶʯ͵Ĺϳ²ù˵ĸ֪ӳ𾪵ĿֲЩͶʯȻ׼Ȼûгôߣڳ²õָ£׼ͷѾ൱ɲˡ
䣬԰ټƵʯ˹ǽͷȥϵ׼ЩѻͶʯԵĴһһѵĴ򲻶ϵѣصĺɫͲϵкڵʡ
ÿʱ򣬱Ȼһ֧ڵϣһƬʳͶʯȫΪһƬ𺣣Ụֱ̃ʣⶼڱˡ
ı䷽׼˹ǽͷ
ûãǵλ̫ˣǵ̸Ͳ
һͶʯĴʳ죬ͼ򣬽׼Ŀ׼ǽͷʱ֥ǰͻռ˹֮ǵڴʱֳЩͶʯǽͷϣ̻ҪԶǿ˹ءʳκһ


905 ʳ
죡Ͷʯƣ뿪Ҫȫˣ
һʳѸٷӦ뵽ЩͶʯսʳ˵ͶʯȻߴأÿһܵĵ϶װ߰˸޴ӣܹ˳ƶʱ²ֻǳɹĳ
䣬ʯʳ˺ò׽ЩͶʯֻͱݻ˰˳ϡЩȷͶʯԣĴ򣬴ʱȴ˴ʳ
Ͷʯȼա

Ҹ̶ֻһɲǣ˵һߵĴʧеĻ𺣺Ũ̶ʧӰ٣ֻһڿն𣬿һĻ󷽣˹ֺǵͳ˧ɫˡ
ǰڽƣֻһ˲͵Ȼ޴档
ѹָɵǸǽϵ˽죡
˹ĿһͻȻڵ
ʳ˵Ͷʯݻٹ̵ܶĳǳأֱзͶʯݻ٣һԼĻͷٻٵǰδ˹һ۾ͿеĹؼĶ˹ǽСϡ
ǣ
˹һȫУˣޱȵĴʳ粽˳һҵзѹĴʳ죬סһŰ˶ߵǿһ߶೤ͷѪ·˸ĺ챦ʯһ㣬ңң׼˳ǽϵĳ²á
ԲʮɷΧڣеĹȫŤ㼯˷ѹеĳϣǺ챦ʯļͷɢΣյĹâ
䣡
ֻһ죬һɲǣշ·ըһף˻ûзӦʳļѹеĳѾƿն׳㣬ֱͷȥһٶޱȣʼʱ򣬻ڷѹУһ̣Ѿ˹ǽͷͷָӵĳ²ã֮ң
ˣ
һֵ֧ĳ²ˡ˫Ȼ֧ȴȫϡ
ԷʵԼǿ̫̫ˣ
ʥ侳ǿߣ
²Ժ˲Ϣͷɫ԰ֽѵӪֹԺĳԱͼΪߣһŸͶʯзӵֲѼġ
Ȼ²õսߣΪȴûôǿ󡣴ʳ˳һʥ侳ǿ߶ԸԳ²õΪɡ
ˣ
²Ժֻʣͷ
䣡
ڳ²ñĿʱ򣬹âһһε֣ӳ²ŷڡֻһ죬ѹԵһ棬ͺһӲĸϣ䣬Ǻ챦ʯļͷͳļˣֱײ촷ۡ
󶼻
Ķ²ɫݣİ󶼻֥гһ
ָӰɣڣصġ
֥ڶĲĴݣǰ˼ͽ²û󡣿Ƶһɲǣ֥Ŀоâ䣬Խգ˰˹֣Ĵʳ
ͬһʱ䣬˹Ҳоʲô΢΢ǰ㣬ͬ˳ͷϵĸ֥λ˹սµ޵Уཻͬŷǿҵս⡣
ˣҪҪٵλ
ǵʱǰڵ
ˣи֥ڣɱ
˹ְ˰֣ǵµĽ飺
ͶʯѾٵˣٹܡ֪ͨǰĽʿӴ󹥻ȡ֮ǰҪǽķߣ׵˺ѡݻ٣ΣǶ볹׵Ļܴƣ
ǣˣ
ǵ»⣬ܿ뿪ﰬ˹ֵȥˡ
һսϵشǴʳʹ֮վս޷ﰬ˹ֵ־ģҲǵԳԭ

ԶԶأ˹ǰ֮䣬ų²õĸͶʯͶս޺Ͱ˹ֵսѸ߽⡣޲ͶʯͰ˹ڴ󷽵Ͷʯ̶ʱȫݻٴ
սϣŨȫʧʮԮĴ˲õ˳׵Ťת

ûκεԥץסһѵõĻᣬ±վ˱ϣѸٵָеСӣǰĴʳӪһߵĴѾ൱Σգʳ˵ǲ͹ʹó±СûܷãڴĴʳ嵽˵һߵĳǽ¡
еĸǽͲضܣܿ级˰Ĺܼײ˫ǰеĴʳﶼڷѾȫͼߡ
ߵһ࣬еĲҧ֧š
סҪǳ
סǣǾ
еĲǼ𣬶ͷᣬ׶Ϊͨ졣Ҳʱ򣬳±󳵴Ĺʱʱ֡
䣡䣡䣡
ĳХţǵأͬ㣬Ƭսٴγ֡䣬һҳضܵĴʳӦٴγضܵ˲䣬һīعᴩ޴𣬺ͳһײ󷽵ڶʳǵ
һ˲Ϣɱ߰ȫװĴʳһлֻǿʼ
ۣһһХÿһϵĴʳֻһ֣һǰѾ߰ǧʳǵڶ֣һһֽϡ
ʳԾ˵ٶǰʬ壬˵ģģѪڵʡʱĴʳѾȫ񣬸˼˫̱ӵʱǴʳ˴˵ͣ£޵еʱֻҪܹɱԷ͵Ĺ׻Էʳ˸
ͺνɾ˴ʳڴһֱ캣޵д˵
ɱ
ǧԼĴʳɫȿֺŵһ߳ȥۣһʳеĳǹݺݵͶȥǹԽضܣܼ˴С
ƵĲֱֲӱǹᴩڵϡĳǹһһϵͶȥߺ棬ƵԮѸٳֹˣǰǷͳ˫عȻдĴʳ˶ŹŶѻʬ壬ǽֱӴӸ߸ߵضԽȥ
ۣضܺ棬һСɵֳֳìܼ֣һͱ̹ȥЩìһ㣬͸Щʳʿ׷϶һͱڳì档
СìڴʱɣƼû˱ȵǡҲ޷赲ʳ
սɱǣ
һʳսʿ̤ʬ֮ǽ˫䵶˶£ȺдɱһĴʳʿȿֺŵһ߳ɱȥ
һһǷ䣬ǳȫ޷ֹǡ
ΣԶֻǵһߣͬʱսڶߺĴͬö


906 âֹԺǣ
ţ
ָʣĳ󲿶ӣŷ䣬ץʱ䣬ӭͻʺ˹ŷ
޵һͶʯӰԶеĴö࣬ر쵼󳵲ӣȫǴͶʯصĿꡣͶʯ꣬ٻٵʮ󳵣൱󳵱ͶʯˣڻάС
ܳ²쵼ĸͶʯɹĽ֮壬ͻʺ˹صҲ˳Ľӽ˵ڶǰֻץʱ䣬ŶݵʱɱԷֹ˹˺ͻ˵Ĺ
䣡䣡䣡
һǵأХֻڶߺ˻һһ˹ͻﲻϵص£ʬڵ滮Զ̳ǣǵһɵʵɱԶûô
޺Ͷ˼µÿһ䱸һԲضܡЩͻʺ˹صսʿԲܺ󣬷ϣڣͬʵʵɱЧȴֹ
һȥֻɱġͻʺ˹صѣҲǶڼӵʮ˹غͻ˵ǾţһëԶûдﵽشĵز
׼
һۻأ·ӴսҵƥߴĺѪϵһγǵ־Ե˹ؾ޽ųʣǧѸټᡣ
ǧȫװף䱸ȸֳܾﵽ˼£νʷǿҪǣǧĬκﶼ޷ġ
׼
һʵ˷쳹ڶߺһɲǣ׼ʼԶֹҵ²áׯƽΤ˼ֹԺľӢԮе죬ӶһſųһĿǰͬʱսǰ׼
˹֮սֹԺԼĹӶѾǵһκҵЭͬսˣ˫ʱ׼ϳ
໣
ǧɫӿ˼β֪˶ȺЩȺһһƺԶɱһһһХУӤĹХЩͺȺȥٴη˶£ľĻʮͻʺ˹
ɱ
һͻʺ˹ţٶԽԽ죬ǷĹ궼ȫֹǡ
ʮɣ
ʮɣ
壡
ۿͻ˺˹˾Ҫû˿ԥҵбָһͬһ㣬Ӹǽ漱䣬ͬʱǧͬǧгʣҵһ
һɲǵƾ춯أǧһ棬ȴ˶ƥеơ
ɱ
ͬһʱĻг²ãׯƽΤ˼ԮţȿֺԾ˵ٶŶͻ˺˹˳ɱȥһΣĸߺڵڶߺȡȴǺ͵һ߽ȻͬĲԡĴӷߺûκεıЩͻ˺˹ˣƵûѡãֱӳȥ
ޣͻʺ˹صƶûκõɡ
¡
·ͷʷǰصײһ𣬾ڵڶߺû˿ԥҲû˿ת御¡¡ֻһɲǣǧƵͻʺ˹׷׵ǧ¡
ȸֽķâǰͻʺ˹Ϊףȫֽͬһ㣬ֻһɲǣƬƬķâ¡ǧ񿳹вһȺгɱȫûһ֮С
¡ֻһ棬ͻʺ˹о壬˵ĴһƬҡ
壡ҴߣԶɱǣ
ҵݼ֪ׯƽͳΤ˼ֹԺľӢһѪӿͳŸųȥ䣬ķ⻷â⻷⻷
⻷⻷𵴣սս˫֯һ
֪ׯƽΤ˼սϷ³ɱֻһ֪ͬ˲Ǽ򵥵ĺͻʺ˹˶ƴҵϵս
ϣ
֪ҵһγ˲ײһɰǧ˵˹زϣѡĹ㣬ǧɢҵĵطһʱλöǡô䣬ֻһսײľ죬˸ս˻֪Ⲩǡôֻһͽǧ˳ɢ˺顣
ҵɱһ٣ôҵ֪ܵһҵķΧʱٴ
ͬһʱ䣬ׯƽΤ˼߷塢ҵֹԺͬʱţٳϵҵ򿪵ͨ塢ײׯƽΤ˼Ǹ߷塢ңȫֹԺܹıܹϵͳսսѧϰ
ֹˣ岻ڵʱǻ£˴֮以ѧϰ֪ԼѧģԼԼսֹ֮ԺйݽҴڸˡλδĴƵһ̵ׯƽΤ˼Ǹ߷塢ԼˣԼս⣬Զһ˿Աġ
ǵʵǺǿս֪սִȴǼ侪˵ġ
䣡
һսײϵĴӵڶǰһĴֹԺ˵Ĵ£糱ˮ̡ɨϯһС˴˲佫˹غͻɢ
һĻԶϵĶ˼ޡغͶç֧˶סƤ
ⶼЩʲôˣʲôʱƶʼôˣô
˼ҲǼʶ֮˹ΪԸľֻһ֥壬ԼһЩû뵽һ¾ôս졣ǵʵŲߣսİֱš
˼վ棬ܸоַâ¶вЩƵСͳųǧһһĴ壬˼ʹ޴Щսḻľ䶼һɢַâ̶ȾͿ֪
֪
üͷڿڵ;ȵֺֹһ˼ǰʱֻ֪ıսսָǿȴ֪µҲôĲ£ֱ绢
ʵϵ㣬ʱ򷴵Ҫ
˵רŵľѵӪǴƵʥ⽨ġеѵӪһֹԺλڵ󶼻ġֹԺ˲ٵѵӪѧ¾ˡ
޳ڵ
ȻҲͬЩƾеС˽⣬ޱϾΪ޵У˽Ҫȶ˼öࡣֻһɲǼ䣬޾ԼԼ³֪߷塢ǵ


907 ֣֮й⻷
ҵ֪߷塢ҡԮڵڶǰĳɱֻԶԶסʮ˹غͻʾĳ󾫶ࡱսԶڴ˹ǧʦԶҪϢй¶ܴ̫̫ı
ԾܿŴ˲ֻ࣬ˣ˼ֻˣЩȫǾеľ
ʮͻʺ˹صľĴƾ䣬ԴԴϣ糱ˮ˹ҵֱڴҲԶԶ޷赲ǵĽŲ
һЩͻʺ˹صƹҵ֪ǣͶ˼Ⱥһֱӳ˵ڶߡ󳵴ҪĴĿꡣ
ϣ
ս˻һƥͻʵ̤ŵڶǰǰڶѻʬԾԾ߸ߵĲضܣ¡һص䵽˷ߺ󷽵Ĵ֮Сۣ˷ĵǹ˹ȥ
ͻʵһأͱɸӣѪһòʬȴһԵźţ˵һ˳ߣ֮Уϣս˻Уһƥһƥͻʺ˹Ӷǰͺ̣ڿնԾ˴֮С
ɱ
ͬʱңңһطһ˻쳹ϷȴǴƵԣǴѪŰϢĴʳʳ֮޹µġ޾šȻ󳵾ȣų׷ϵ
޾ɷ˾޴ãǿսҵһ߾ʬ壬˵սȻԼֵ󳵾ŵ޾ŵսʧ֮ͺڰѪãɿ󳵾ɱ
һûս޾սʿᣬһ߾޴ʬ׼һֱܳ˹ȥ޴Ӳ䴩ʬ䴩ϵףȴôƫ켣ȥ
ܹͣ˺η֪ȥҲֻгڡսΪΪսĴʳ۹
ƾЩ޾սʳ۹ı˼䱦սǧı˷󳵵Ĺ£ȴҲгǧսᣬ嵽һ¶¸ǽ¡
˶ֵܼĳì̤ʬ壬Խȥص˲䱻˷Ĺͱ⬣ȿֺǰͺ̡Щʳ˵ϣƺ־֡
ԽԽѪ죬ԽǲпᣬƺԽܹϵս־ߺ󣬲ݼĴСɵĹӶìЩҰް˻Ĵʳˣܵϵ׺ݣ̲סƤһη壬˵ĹӶˡ
սصĴ˵Уʳ˾Ĵʡ֪ٵٵĵ۹Ǹܵʳ˵ֿµģηǿ־սսϻΪɢʳɾ˺޵СܵĴ˵
һһ֧һ֧ĴʳŹ糱ϵŵһӿŵһӿ
ͦס
׼
Ԥ

սΪ£Ϊ򶨵ģӹɾϺӶ˴ĲţһУһУͬʯ㣬վڵһߺ˿ܴʳ˵ĹжôͣҲжôηǷٴγʼ޷͸ϺĲ
θУϺķضΣдʳߵġжٴʳ˳Ƹ֮ǣƲضܣͳĹ󣬴ϲʱ򣬼Ǳɡ
ŵĺΣľŲɫ£һֱûù
ΪʱܴƵĵȻǻսĵطҲۣ˵֮£ûκȵùơĴƣӴĲѹܱ˹ءͻʡ߾گһ·ͦ뵽
һʱ
˶ʶ޲ŵǿҲ˵춨˴ƽʱյͳμλĺܹԲԿ󣬶סģҲֻдƲˡ
ͳĲȻҲսУȴͭǽڣޱȣرĸߣǽǿķӵ¡
磡
Хһߺ󣬾ڼĻ֮Уɫ£Ȼһӡǧڸ֮ǽȱڵĶܱսʿͻȻˣ¶һ޴ͨ
ֻһ˲䣬ԭùµĵһߺͳǧľ޴ͨ
ˣ
ôһɲǣͻȻֵһȱڣߺĴʳԺհףһƬ㵡һ̣ǧƵĴʳ˻ţ䵶˳һͨ˽ȥǺ󷽵Ĵʳûǰʲôһɱţų˹ȥ
𣡡
㣬ٴλ£һֻ̣һܱսʿź󷽵ĵ֣¡һٴжЩͨһϵȱڶЩ˳ͨĴʳʿʱ֮
ɱ
һɱ쳹أȱڶϵɲǣĵǹꪴ˷ͱ̹Щʳжôǿ͡뺷ҲжôĺηԶԼĴƲһ˲˵Ѫһûз
磡
𣡡

ϵУսϷһһĴʳսʿϷŽһһıնɱܱսʿºȱڵɲǣûκһʳܹͳĲдһʱ䡣
ϵУֻڷͬʱǽԢأԢڹĲͬһܵĻԼߵЧʲͣɱ¾ųĴʳһȦһɱһּȵ򶨺侲öĴʳﶼܵ塣
ϵĲڵķЩĹӶսʿҲԾܵӰ죬ϵĲһ𣬲ϵĵŴʳ˵ĳ
ҲΪ̵

ˣ
֮䣬ڳǧսӵУŰڣĴս£˿Ķ༤ҵսһĹâⳡսеڣѾڼңǴʳˣͻˣ˹ˣѾȫıѹϣߣͬʱž޴ѹ
ڣҲƻҪһ
ˣ
ڤڤУƺƣһ̫Ҫİ׹⣬бţһ̣¡ս𶯣Ϊģһɫ⻷׹£ȻС쫷Ѹɢս
֮й⻷
ķıһսҵɲǣûκεԥ˲ų֮й⻷ˣͬ飬ǧ˹أͻʺʹʳ²õĹ⻷ͻȻͬһҡҷ𵴣û˷ӦϣսϣʮƵս⻷˲½һ㼶ͻȻ˲١
ԭŵսɲǼΪ⻷˷츲صı仯


908 ǣƴ󽫣
ô£
ԭս󷽣̩ɽһİ˹ֻ͵Ĵλվһ¶˼𺳵ɫμôսôȣû飬ʮĴʳһ˲䣬Ϣȫһء
ֹˣͻıʣʹǰսĴʳһƬңһǰĴʳﷴӦֱӱì̳ɸӡ䣬һӾ޴ĳƿնХ˲ϢԽһضܵϿգڶʮĵطһŴʳȥ
𣡡
һ޾ŵʿţһһƥսʬ壬ǸִȥһΣԿĺڰѪ֮ܺûзãǾ޴ڴ̴սʬ֮󣬲Ѵ֮Ķ޾ʿϵؼףȻٶȲϵڿն
ǵ̶ʱڣǸĺɫֱӴ̴˰˾Ĵʳʬ壬ҽʳʬصĶһ
ۣͬսĸطͬʱݣǧܼ꣬ǵأסսͬһЧȴ֮ǰȻͬ飬ֻһʬصµһǰܼ£ɲǼΪ֮һա
ţ
ţ
ţ

󳵴У±ɫվһ߸ߵ˱ϣеĳϵĻ¡սôã±ոһɲʲôˡǧѷĻᣬҲ󳵴ľʱ
ۣ
ǧ
һ
һһ
һ

󳵵ܼ䣬ʳ˲شֻԼαһĴʳﵹ˳±󳵴Ĺ¡
ͬһʱ䣬ܵӰԶֹʳˣжս˹˺ͻˡ
ߵ˹غͻﱾƾѹԵʱѹסҵ֪ׯƽΤ˼ǣǵ֮й⻷ųתͻʺ˹صĴʱôΪҴıĳ浱С
ʲôոСӵʲô
ĺ󷽣˼۾ţͫ׼еһ㶼սһİ˹֡ʶģ˼ŤͷһԵĴ޺ͻء˼ǵһκӴǴ޺ͻزͬ˵һܹսϷʲôĻҲֻдˡ
󽫾Ҳû취͡
޿Цﲻ֪˼ʲôͬ޷ܺ͡Ѿǵһν֣Ȼкܶ˽ģ˵ڷ顣
ʵ֮սʱҾѾˣʱԶûôǿ󣬿ֻڴƵĵλˣʵҲ˲١
̫ˣıʹõĸģ飬ڴЩǧˮ·ʹõĹ⻷ڴ֮ǰ޴ûһ޷͵Ĵڡ
ĳͳɳȫѰϵĶȫûа취ЩͣͺȻͬһ
û취ˣֻд󽫼ܵһӰ졣
޵ĿŶ˼ͻء
Ϊһս˳׼ЩǴ֮ģ˵֮սǻۡıԳԱΪࡣǵĸȫ֣ǵ
һ棬Ƕ˼ءç֧Щ۹Ӧÿǵ顣
һĻԶ˼ص˵ս
Ҳֻˡ
˼ʶüͷΪһͳ˧һǲ̤սģֻһЩرؼľսʱ̣˵ǶԷ볡£Ż֡ڣǱ߻ûκε۹볡Ϊһ⻷Լƹǰ֣ö˼в졣
ֹˣеĹ⻷ǻģ仰˵Ķ˼˵ʵһ˺ھս󽫺ʹ֮սʱ⽫üΪҲеĴͳ˧սǰ໥Ĭϣٳֵԭ
ֻڵѾɲ
ٲ֣еͻܿҪﳹ׻
Ƕ˼޷ġ
ˣ
˼̧ͷֱͦ˫֮һ˿ĺâȻǰ͵̤һ¡ڶ˼սѥ̤ڵϵɲǣ𶯣һɫĹӶ˼ɢ˲仯Ϊһ޴貵Ľɫʥ侳⻷⻷иŵʹڡЩʹںԭĻʹڲͬʹϵǵͼεĻʹڶϣһֻչĽӥ
ǵ͵ͻʿɺʹڡ
ˣŶ˼ĶһȦȦɫĹ⻷Ӷ˼ɢɢͻʴ¡һɲǼ䣬֮й⻷Ѹܵ
䣡
ͬʱҡضԶĵط˹صĵ۹󽫻أǰͬһ̤£ųϵս⻷ֻԣһǿĹ⻷ƿնͬͬ籩һ㣬Ѹչ˹£Կ֮й⻷
ȡͬжģԶֹ˹غͻʣڶ⣬غ·һɾ޴ײڵϣʳĶܶ˹֣ͬһīĹ⻷ӳִ䵽ÿʳĽ¡
Ϊһ⻷ǣͻʡ˹غʹʳʹλĵ۹ͬʱ֣Ҳʷǰ顣
Ȼˣ
ԶŰڣվӭƮ˧£һĻû˿ľȣϷ¶һ˿ЦݡıııսиһʹıǵڶΡ
Ϊ˶Կ֮й⻷Ӱ죬ء˼Ͱ˹λ۹󽫣ȻòʩչԼǿĹ⻷ĳӦԡսŸոտʼ˹ءͻʺʹʳλͳ˧ʵѾʼˡ
⻷ҪģڿʼⳡսʱԽء˼Ͱ˹ֵʵ½Խ죬ʱϣ˵ʵ͵ʥ侳۷ˡǶ˵һȴȫͬ
֮й⻷Ȼȴ΢΢ûӰ죬ؼ䱾ڵ
ȻˣԳȫǣ
峤Զ΢΢һЦ˲ʩչڵһ⻷䣬һâ֮й⻷֮ڶ֮й⻷ȫ
ˣֻһɲǼ䣬ԭѾء˼Ͱ˹ֿסĳ棬ٴα仯Ĵ֮Уһ˹ءͻʡʳ佫û˿ףͻȻ֮䣬ȫϢ𵴣ͬҡҷֻһȫ½һ
ֹˣӦ£Щ佫ԭʩչӳֵϵĹ⻷ҲʧЩֻ佫õ֮й⻷˲ҲӰ쵽ʿʳͻʺ˹ĽʿʵܵӰ죬ٴ½һСء


909 սǣ
쵰
һĻԶϵļ˶ɫһ䣬͸ŭڶ⻷һü˶һֱŪĸоƺŪڹһ㡣
ޣͻȻΪʲôôɱˣ
ӭչ׽ս£˼裬ɱΧĿŤˡָֻս֣ûӴͳλͻǴ󽫵ɱ
˻ţǶ˹ػǶͻʣ
ö˼λǴ󽫷˲࣬Ƕֵ۹׼Ĳ£һֽ̳ģ֪˼۹жߡȻûдﵽ۹׼ļȴѾö˼εļס
ɳľɳˣ׼֣ɵˣ
˼ͻȻڵ
ĵģƬ֮ŴһɳƵģ
ǣˡ
ޡתͷŷֶ˼󣬲֪ʲôʱһȫɫս׵ͻ佫ݳûһϢй¶վЩУ˸עⲻ
Ƕ˼ڣ˻ⲻ
׼
һͷʶĴԺзӶ޺ͻж͸һ˿΢΢ɵɫҪһȺ۹ǰϢԼԲһ£ֻƾһ㣬Էӵм˵ı¡
ֹˣɳľɳȫϢ䣬һַǳΣգѲĽɫ
׼
ɳľɳû˵Ŀ⣬һһƥȫݵͻԣĿбǿҵ⣬˵ϢҲڷϵһɲǷ˷츲صı仯ԭޣ仯˷籩ıҡǿ
ϣ
ɳڳµ˻ЩͻʵĶսѵѾսȺһ㡣
׼һ£
ͬʱҲعͷĻأ
ûɣҰҲɣ
ˣѾ׼ˣ
޵䣬յĴŽУһĸߴ󣬻˴źںɫ׵׳˶ӲӺ󷽻˹Ŀͭ壬Ƥ΢ڣߵĺɫд衣
³ͳ
ɣҰ˹ص۹٣³죬ͬʱҲǴޱ֧ߡγ;ϮԶ˹ιҰ֮һû֧ţûǧǿ³棬ս޼ʲôҪԶ˹ȱǿ³Ҳ
Ϊ٣Ҫºմͳ죬ɣҰҪְȫĹ䷶ûвԲ롣
ڣɣҰûвְأһǿ³˹صʷϣǴûз飬˹صѾ
ޣһսܽΣֻһҪΣҪ赲ҺЩ֮ս
ɣҰĿڣɫĿûսʼչעһϡ
Ȼ
޵˵ͷԥĵ˵ͷ
Ǳ֮Լ
ɣҰð뿪³ϵ˹Ҫ޻ܴƣ˹صҪǣҪһ֡
Ƶ
˹£γоԭϵ˹صУΪǿڽ۷ľǰۡຣ³
˹еߣ
ǣѵӪһսǧຣȫɥ֣֮ȱһۣâܴǧ۱Ҳȫû˹ȥֻʣһ³
Ȼȫͬһ֣˹صʷϻǴûе飬ҶֻǴӲ۵Ĵơʹԭϵ˹ȫ˶ߣ³
ҲǻɣҰΥǧ³˹֮ǿҰԭ
³ӵٶʷ˹ص۹ϵǿĴڡΪ˹ص۹Ϊ˹ͽ³ﶼǰܴƵ֤Լ
ΪĿ꣬ԻɣҰȫִ֧ޣвٵıǻɣҰԼ޽ġ
׼
ɣҰбָǳɫմ͵ıֱָ󷽣ȽȽ𣬹âɵĳ¡¡𶯣̳ŻɣҰԭһֱ³ѸٵĶһӴƣǧ³ϱһյȣϵҰݶ˲Ϊ֮ή
¡
һ̣ǧ³ڳУͬˮһ㣬궥к£һ̣ص춯أսϵսѹȥǧ³죬ɳľɳİǧ죬³һ̣ǧѾ׳磬һ·ֱ̳սȥ
һɲǣضΪ֮ʧɫ
ˣ쿴
ͬʱããĴУӰһУƺоʲô͵̧ͷԶ¶һ˿ɫЩǼСƻʵͻȻͬÿӰٴеĸо
Ǳߣ˹Ҳˣ
ͬʱһĽ죬Ҳע⵽ԶĶָһŤͷȥֻĺ󷽣һ֧Žɫе粨ιһ۵糸
ֻǿһǰһ󣬻֮ƣ
ɲǼ䣬һǿҵΣոϯ³½ǿ֮һ½ǧ۷塣ѡһѾѶԸοͬʱӿ
ƵҵźѪǧ֮Уӿȣ˲Ϣӹͷ
ﻹ³պգѾõĶսԶɱȣҲԶöࡣˣսأҵ̵ʱ
ˣô죿
ӰӶߴڣÿ˶еһǿѹ֮ǰսеġ
ҵû˵һ˫Ѹӹȫսڼ˷˻һƥƥսսвϵصڵϣĴѪ䣬̳죬ƽҪڻü
ҵĿɨΧڼսͻˡ˹˾һ֪ׯƽΤ˼ˣһȻ֮¶˾ġ
Ѿû·ˣ׼ս
ҵγһ˶ߵȸ־޽߸߾бָһɾ춯صơһɲǣضΪ֮
¡
ֻƬ̵ļž漴ǧɾͬװȻֻһΣĿ겻κһ֧ͻʻ˹صԶԼ󷽵³
һɲǣ׼ǧﱬԶɳľɳ˺ͻɣҰΪ֮Ŀ


910 ǻ
䣡䣡䣡
ǧɱ񣬷ɱ֮ңһ֮С飬һͻﵲǰһײĲҽһͬ߷ݰ㣬ǹɾ޴ĳ˴ʮ׵ա
һͻʺ˹ﱻǧͬܲһ㣬ײöײգľѡ
ãĵɱ֮󣬲ŻԽгɾ͸У
ɳľɳ˷ϣԶԶĿһĻû˿η壬¶һ˿˷ܵɫ˿ޱȡͻʺУɳľɳ˿˵Ϊа׼
̡ɱͬʱ߰ƻգȫûһպյĵ۹׼ӦеǺͷǡжٵĹ񱣬ҲжôᣬɳľɳԶǶ˼صĲڶ˼УķӵлѪͳҶǶҪصĶࡣ
˼֮˵ԭܼ򵥣Ϊɳľɳ֪ôȥɱԼĶ֣ܶԷжôǿ
Ǹ侳ң˭ҲҪͷȥ
ɳľɳһ˵ţһ˷ܵ򷢸ɵ촽͸¶µѪ
ǣ
һȺĻӦţһҲű˷ޱȡ
ϧôһôСĻ侳죬治֪Ƕôǵġûйϵ̾ͿԲѴ֮ժͷ㱨𣡡
ɳľɳ˿ԶҵһֻСĴ׸һһ׼ĸ֣Ҫɱһ侳ߣʵ̫ײˡ
ɳľɳ˵УҵѾǸˡ
¡̳һīĹ⻷ɳľɳڱŷͬ籩һϯ䵽ÿһĽ£ԭ۵糸ٶѾﵽ˼µ⻷ļӳ£ٶٴαһأڴͬһͳ㣬ҵǧȥ
һɲǣغҡضǧǧڴԳ棬˵ע⡣
үΣˣ
ڶߵϣѦǧԣһʱע⵽ԶĶ֧Ծս֮ԳѦǧ¶һ˿ĵǡ
ѦǧӲʵǾǿָкүͳ˧¡侳ʥ侳֮䣬һԽǵҵֻǻ侳۷Ϊû£ܶԿһ۹׼ͳ졣
صģ
һӶߴӭƮľ޴˧£һƬƽû˿Ĳ
Ǻү
ѦǧʲôǱ˰ִˡ
İɣҵµġ
սϵһֱڹע˼ʹƵ֧ʷϴδĶչսһżȻһֱȻΪһսѾ˳׼ҵ⡣
ȥɣֻΣղĥ³ϵǱܣţһ죬¶ķâ
ҵıӰԺǧͷ
һֱҵӻԼ£ȱڶԸâһۣеͰǶһսȫˣΪڵİȫΪԼеķΣգҵڻֻǻ۷壬ûܹͻʥ侳Ϊͨ󽫡
һҵܹ֮ôߵĳɾͣڶ̶ʱһ·ԾΪܹƾһ֮ıսƣתսֵͨ󽫣Ϊϵս
һδεĳһδεıԵҵȳڵǱڶ̶ʱڣɾһδ棬Ϊ˵۹Ĵ˵
ˣҵעĶֻȥֱЩգҵпܵõɳ
Ҳ˼ܾõóĽۡ
ѦǧĿĲĿļ㣬·ʲôȫһĬĬԶǳչģ֧ĶԾ
໣
Զ̳֧ԽԽ֧໹ٶɣ˴ңңɲǣͻȻ֮䣬һ춯صǺ˶ǲκһͷǵĺУΪûκһͷǿԷ
ˣǺɲǣͻ𣬾ڰǧΧһεͻȻͬХ籡˲ŤΣģǧϵ˲仯Ϊһͷɽ޴Ľɫͷ˫Ŀ϶
¡ͷڵɲǣͻ𣬰ǧٶȡݶӣսͶƺ˱仯׳˶ࡣɲǼࡣ
ֻһգ䣬ǧɢѹȸкϢʼα˷츲صı仯̳Ǵʮףڸߵ˶ʮ׸ߣٶֱȻǧı仯Զֹˡ
쿴
ҵԣӰƤһͫͻȻָԶ
ǧƤ£ڽɫǳֵɲǣͻȻâһɰǧһһǧˣڣ
񣡡
һĻҵںѪϣƤ͵˼£˳һɲǼ䣬ͻȻһǰһǧϣ࣬Ǹܵġʣһٶǻ
ҵսݺôãǵһ
ǻ
һͷӹԺҵͻȻڱͥʱһഫš˵֮УͻʴԭһŶǻֻɲԭЩ˾оԶͻʺ󶥼֮һ
ͥ󶼻˼˳ڱ꣬ƽе֡ƽΨһһΰܼǰǻ֮¡
֮УһսͥĲԭϣʵʵӰΪѱ棬ͥ󶼻һսҵûвμһսҲ֪顣ǻ飬ͥ˲֪˲ȷɵġ
үô죿
󷽵սϣһȺĲһĻΪҵǧ˰ѺƺͻʣһԾƺƴ󣬾ѾѦǧȼˣһߺڽҲУʶҵɳľɳ˽սķһۡ
սˣҲһԵʮĪ֮£ӳϿΣٵﲻ

˧£ֻ˵֣û˿Ĳ
Ҳǵݺµƾ衣Ȼڵﻹûоôսûôࡰսװ׺ȸֽھ£Ƕװǵﶼеġ
һ˵ڵѾװ״̬ˡ
ﶼĶ֣ôѾûκĶ֣ҲûκεԶԿˡ


911 
ɱ
ȻֻǶ̶ʱ䣬ԶҵƺܵĿһת͵סľ޽齥üᶨݣû˿ԥҵ͵һǧٳķ˹ȥ

ͣ
ƺƣͬʱ󷽣Զı仯ɣҰͻȻһֱ۾𣬴ǧŽɫףȫ˹³ɶתں󷽶ͣ
ˣ
ͻɣҰԵļ³ｫסˣʶԼͳ졣սսѵ³Ӧģϰǧߵ׵ֻ˾
Ѿˣͻ˵һ
ɣҰĿգԶһ£
ҪһսΥĿġ³Ҫˣˣ
ǣͼλȴϣǺһ֣Ըǣ
ɣҰԣ³ĸͳ
ڵҪǰ𣿡
ɣҰǰ
³ĸͳʶĿԶֻǰƺƵƾ죬ǻʩչʵһأǴ³ĽǶҲ൱ľˡ
ϣǧȫѹס˴Ƶ
³ĸͳʱʲô΢΢Ȼ
ȵҪǰʱ˵ɣ
ɣҰɴ˶
ǣ
ڽȻӦ

࣬ɣҰǲҪȥߴһ£
ͬʱ󷽸߸ߵϣؿһĻɵüǰڴ޶ɣҰʵ̫߰³Ҳʵ̫߰ˣʱ򣬱Ӧ˹غͻ޼ϵʱǻɣҰ³ͣں󷽹սȴȫƻָо
˹غͻʵ˲ʲô¡
İɣɣҰ֪ôģңɳľɳ˺Ҳϲʱֵġ
һȻƵᡣ
ɣҰȻͣǶⳡսûʲôӰ죬ϣΧƣѳɣκ˶ı䲻˵ġ
ǡ
ػȰһ£ǴһɫݹһʶŤͷ˳Ŵ޵Ŀ⿴ȥֻԱ߲Զ˼߰ͷ­鵭Įվ׽˧£ֶһư
㱼ͻȻʶʲôʱĬˡ
˵Ĳ˼ͻʺ󶥼ս˼ܹͥ󶼻ȻӼôʱ֣
ˣ
ͻȻһԱߴһ̧ͷȥֻԶɳнɫͷʩչǻͻǵأãã纣Դݿɣɽ֮ƣǧȥ
˫֮ľԽԽ
ƺƴǰǧŭ籩еһҶıۣʱܱ籩ķѡ
ǣˣ
󶥼֮սע⣡
壬ޡ˼ƺ˹ءͻʵĽʿڹעⳡս֮Ծ
ɣ
һɣ
ʮɣ

˫ľԽԽھֻʮɵʱͻ𡪡
𣡡
ʯ䣬ÿ˵Ķжһ춯ص
ʮʮ
¡
һ춯صľ죬غû˿ԥҵ˲ʮʮ󷨣һȵ̺ɷɱڿն𡣾һ˲֮䣬ǧϱϢͻȻʮֹٶȡݣ籩ǡ
ֹˣһεǧϱŷһģǧϿգ˲һĵʮŵӰ
ֻһɲǼ䣬ЩӰ黯ʵ仯ʮűɫ޴ì
µʱ䣬ǧհʮʮĻѾȣԶǰֹǽɫìʮǵʮŸҶļӳЧҲ
¡¡
һľдǧϿգƹͶһӰǧڡϣҵ˵ϢҲһɲ˲䱩ǡֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ʹﵽ˺Ͱǧͥƽƽĵز
ֹˣǧϢڴﵽĵزڰֻһɲǼ䣬ͳһﵽһ侪˵ĵز
һлԶûн
ԶӭƮ˧£һֱעҵĶҵʩչʮʮɲǣһµİںͨͻȻ̧һ̤¡
¡ںɫԵƥս⻷âƵվĵطѸٵķȫֻһɲǼ䣬⻷׷Զǧһ⻷˲ǧĽ¡
ԭѾǳǿõ⻷ļӳ֣ʱʵٴαһأܾ񶼺֮ǰȫͬնеҲ˱øŨܣҲӿĸ
ˣ
һĻǻеɳľɳˣɫһ䡣
ⲻܣ
ɳľɳͫ𣬵һʧȥ򶨡
֧ռϢȻͬ٣˹ص֧ຣͰ۱Զûǿֵز
׼һ£ʱ׼ս
е𶯵ԶֹɳľɳˣкɿĻɣҰҵʩչʮʮɲǣɣҰ͵شֱ˫ԶоâǣɫҲޱȡ
ı仯ȫԤϣԭΪͻʵ׵Ļܴˣڿһг˱ѾԶôˡܻܲﻹ˵
ܵģʲôʱôǿ󷨣
Զϣ˹غͻʵͳ˧ǧϿյƣе˾޴𶯡رͻ˧µǴ󽫶˼ǻ𣬸ܵһǰδеĳ

Ǵ˵֮Уڤڤе֮ϣʹزĸӦΧܴ󣬶ҳʱܳȴǿ˼¡˼ֻͻʵϴ˾˵󷨡
ֻǴ˵ѡ
˼ݺ£ָǿߣڴƵЩǿҲָơǴսõʩչ󷨣ļҲһߣʱ򣬸Ҳǽδ
֮⣬ĵز͵øԶˡ
֮Уǻʩչ£Ҳܹ󣬵Ƕ˼ĥô꣬ȴһֱûнչ͸ķû뵽ңԶ˹һĴСϣ󷨼µ
ţԼ׷󣬾Ȼ￴


912 
ΣһҪ취õֶ
˿ĵط˼ȭͷţͻȻһǿҵҰġ
Զҵǧｫʮʮ߷£һҲؼʱ̡
ɱ

Ϣ߷£ɳľɳ˲ûˣд߷ǿҵɱȻҵʩչʮʮǳǿ󣬵ͻʵǻҲԲĴݻĵһݻЩƵ
ϣ
ս˻һ˲䣬ϣ̳һǧƺƵѱ˵ĿУͶ޻ɵģصײһ
¡¡
սһƬҵ𵴡ҡΣؾеļװһͣһɲǣֻײһض·˺ˡײǹսе˺ɱĺս˻ɱͽ
ˣ
һɲǣֺͣһڻָƺƣս˻ϵ̳ʮɸߣأͺɳһڹ̳УϿɽĽɫͷʧȴûƵϿյĽɫìҲʮű͵˶ʮ
˫սļҳ̶Ȳûнͣһ
ֻս˻ǧǧܼ꣬ϵײһ𣬵뵶ཻսսײ𵴡̶ʱڣڶ
ıըĹβǧκ˶ֱ棬һǿҵĶĤʹǳصģսսײ죬ÿһģļ£оһַĿ־Ͳ
һǧ֮սʮ˵սҪҺͺƴ
¡䣡
ɳУ˸ս˻һ㣬޼᲻ߵȸֳһһݺݳɱȥȻŤ˲ĭʧӰ׹ˣѾˡ
ﬣһɴӺ󷽴ʧֵɲǣʯ䣬һһʽصͻʳӺ󷽺ݺݵĺ󱳡
ɣ
ϵʿǻʵʵټ٣ֱܷʵĿ꣬սǼҪġΪƭɥ｣µĶ֣֪ƾصĻĻһһǿĶ֣ɾԼĴ˵
Ȼ£׽һնΪıһȴ·ײһӲͭǽڣûԷףһǿء
ô£
ʯ䣬һǿҵĸϡͻʺ֮һ䱸סսȫ⼶ġû˵Է׵鷢
ߣ
һЦԱߴ˴ԲͨЩ飬ЩȫҪԾȫ׵ġﬣڶԷʧֵɲǣ䣬ʯֻǷһͽһļն£ֱֻ۵ɲǣͻȻоһǿҵƥȸֳֻһıۼףֱѪֱţȴûܹ˳Ľֱۿ
ף
һͷԺֳֳѾô¡׻ȲףװԶͨףȸֳķҲսһսһݡ
գ
ս¡¡ֻ̳ô̶̵ɲǽӴһΪսӲͣϢеսֻڽɲǡȻˣսȴûоʹսᡣ
ӹһٵɲǣϣһ󷽵̤䣬һһֱ֮ͨ䳾֮Сһ׼ޱȣĵطǰһĵطһģһ
˳һˣ
ڶԷʹҺɲǣӺ󷽳ݹһĨѪŽ촦ϵ
̣ǰ󲻹һ룬˿һʱ֮֮ĬֱۣȵﷴӦѾ촦֮µսűԶ
ȻսȴԶûнﬣһһȻڼҵĽսһףԶԶʵҲʮʮսļӳ£ѹ
ӴĻӰȻãһǧټٵԶԶңµǣھҵĳУһЩӰ𣬵ǻȻڵµĻӰֻǵٶԶûôѡ
䣡
һͻд˷ǿЩеĹ˼㣬ɥµĶˣеȻ͸͸˽
ۣһһ͵һѪһ̣ܵѪݼ߰ɫǺŴ˷˶һͷڿն𣬱ȳ˻׳ʵ壬ֱ˵

ѹ׵ֱһ죬쵽УȻһ˶ͷǶζֱ࣬һ̣һ׺ݣͷҧֱûе
һ飬Ｒ磬Ӹ˹
ϣ
䣡
һһսϼҵɱһ½ϵĶϵսϽ֯һ𣬻ƴִҲҵĳͻսĽƳ̶ҲҪöࡣʣѵһսٻӰ˾޴Ӱ졣
ÿʱÿ̶ﱻĻڼҵսʧȥȻ·ǣȻչֳԼǿսֻҪκһﱻɱȥ
£ＴӵлҲռ˶ٱˡ
үô죿ҵǻ᲻Σգ
ԶѦǧżҵս¶ĵǡΧ¶ͬĵĲ
ⳡսĶҪֲսУ޼᲻ݣˣ˻ûмһսܽôáĽǣ֧ս𵴣ɳ̫ңȥǹ̳ʮ֮ߣսϺХĿ磬ǽЩɳӰ죬ŵ˼㡣
˵ĽǶȿȥֻɳӰȫֲЩЩֻ˻ĲҽУ˸оⳡսĲпᣬԽн


913 ɳľɳˣ
Ҫţ
ƽƽһ򶨵۾ǰû˿Ĳ
ҵƬ½ϣûбǸǿ
޼᲻ݵȸֽޱȵʯףټص⻷Լ۷״̬ʮʮڵﲻǹǷݣﵽʷǰǿ״̬
Ƭ½ϣѾ̫бڵǿĴڣǹǶ
һ䣬޴˧ΧͻȻ࣬Ҳࡣ
ˣҪҪȥæɳľɳڵο
ͬעⳡսвģԶϵͻڽһ˼ߵԽǰ˼Զɳһǵ
صģɳľɳ˵κˣ
˼ŵ
ȷʵǶ˼ɳľɳ˵ǽڹսϣܶôǿ󷨣Ȼ֮ĽԷȻһ޷ֲľ޴ȱݣǾֻһ侳۷Ĵͳ졣
ֻҪɱǸ侳ͳ죬ô󷨾Ͳˡ
ɳľɳˣˡ
˼ֶԶһľâ
Զ֮սѾ뵽˼Ȼĵز
˸ҳ壡
ҵֳһ˶ߵȸ־޽սϺֱǴͬս𣬳Ϊָǧ˵ֳɼʮСҵݺ۳ңɱ
ҵɽͰ׳˶ǰû˿ԵֵķâǱ־Եľ޽һһһնһ飬һﱻ˴նɳȥЩҵնΣͻսףסҵȫһ
Ϊҵ˺üͿʯĴ죬ǷǷ̶ȣȸֽҵǿʵҲֻõһնɱ
ЩǻҵʹõҲԭʼķ
𣡡
ҵ͵һȫ𵴣ܺɨеǻһȫĭһɢµȫʹּ򵥵սҵ֮е˲أ
ҵҵս񣬼ս˵ҲǴĿľз
ɱ
һܴɰǧͻܷӵҵޱȣڡռ˾Եơ
ã
ҵĿϢң߶µĺѪڴһ·̳ӭЩû˿ԥȥ¡ҵĳһɨͬɽһ㣬ɨȥ
ͻ侳ҵȣЩȫһΣٶҵĶ֡
ˣ
˵ʱʱ죬ҵΧһնɱʱͻû˿ףҵһвǿҵΣСͬʱһ͵͵ģޱȵ·һ㣬ҵ
ٺ٣ͷ­һã
ͣȴޱȣ͸һɵıóѵζ䣬δ䣬էһɷ籩Ļ֪˶ãͻȻ޵Уƾճҵĸ֪У֮ƳҵϮ
ҵпǶȴһĲֵлյҵ
ãˣ
ҵɫһ䣬֮ǰʱûи֪ԷĴڣȻԷԼϢֱʱűļµǣԶԶԽ˻侳ļ
ʥ侳ǿߣ׼ߣ
ʯ䣬һͷҵԺзţҵ˲ͳ졣ʱôӦҲˣԷΪնɱԼαװһͨֱ˿̲űȻûҪԼֵĻᡣ
Ʋ죡
Ӱ
ڣ
ҵ͵ش󺰼ͬһʱ䣬ֻʱԼΨһ飺
Τ֮
ҵ˫ſɳľɳˣ˵һȦ㣬һ£ҵΧʮڣڵȫҵڻ۶ڶ𾪵ĿУҵ󣬹âۣգ֮仯Ϊһڣľ޴飬ҵ϶Ϊһ
䣡
ҵɳľɳ˽ºɫĹ⻷𵴣㼯ȫ͵һݺݵնҵĺģֻһ죬ҵ˴ɳľɳɳȥ˻ڿУѾۡһһѪ
䣬ҵأɳһɳľɳȻ㾡ȫȴûɱҵ
ô飡
ɳľɳͫһɫˡΪԸһ侳۷ߣȫ練ƣɳľɳû뵽ͳ죬ȻɲǼʵ籩ǣӻ侳ֱͻƵʥ侳
ֹˣϵҲ֪ʲôϣԼеıëϷĺϣȻһۼû¡ɳľɳ˵ԺΪҲˡ
иͣ
һ࣬ҵȴûͣɳľɳһ͵Ϯ˼˺ףɣҸ˴ļģ˺ͣټ⻷ãһҵѾˡ
䣡
û˿ԥҵɲǣǧֳʮС飬ÿһˣͬŮɢ㣬˷ȥ
ߣ
ɳľɳɫһ䣬׷ȥ
ڽסǣ
Ȼ֪ʲôΪʲôͻȻɢǳõľ黹ɳľɳ˱ܵĸеһ˿ûǽҵ˵һ·׷ɱȥ
Ȼʱҵȴ֮ǰȻͬ
䣡
ҵеȸ־޽ֻǺһϣУֱ˴ҵ߷ݰķɳȥǵûأһɸͰңѾڡЩûأѾڿбС
Τӹ⻷
ҵʱʩչ̸ľѧĺƽٱĩʥݣʮݺ۳ңΤӹ⻷µһ󽫵ѧ
Τӹ⻷ЩȴùǿĶࡣֻѧΤӹ⻷ӵΤܹ֮ʩչΤ󷨣˵Լʵ
Щĸʩչľ󣬵Զûôǿѡ
˹֮ս˵ĸ֮׼µʱ䣬ҵľΤӹ⻷
ҵʵʼĳ⣬Ҳ㣬صΪ׼Τӹ⻷Ӧδǳҵ˹֮սֻΤӹ⻷Ȼǿ󣬿Խ˵ԼҲӵм㣬ǳʱ䲻Сʱºصĺ֢ؼصʱһǲʩչ󷨵ġ


914 Τ֮
ˣ費Ҫҳ֣
ǰսʱһϵߴյĸǧﲻ֪ʲôʱ˹岢Զ
ⳡ֮ս˵ע⣬Ľʿ
˼µǸ죬ӦýɳľɳˣҶЩ˽⣬Ӧ׼Ϊƾʵ»Ķ֡ҪĻҿȥ
̽лˡ
ڻعͷ¶һ˿Цݣоܾ˼ȴԣ
ǲˣսѾʼڸϹȥҲѾˡҵʵⳡսûɱ
ϣǧ֪Ҳ˽ս֪ⳡսϾҪֳһˡһߴʳ˵ĹΪͣ廹Ҫǧ׼ʱ֧Ԯһս
ҵ
δͨӵоԵţΣΪδĶ󽫣ҲӦּս֮У
Ѧǧȥ׼һ°ɡ
ܿջĿ⣬ǰͷҲص
ǣү
Ѧǧܿȥ
Զҵɳľɳ֮սҲڵؼʱ
¡¡ɳɳľɳ˵Ѹٷãǧ˷Χ˶ϵļѹĿռ䣬Χǵĳ·ߡɳľɳ˻ǵ͹ǿ
ʮʮݼѪǻ۵Ľᾧǿʮ֮һս۷弶ս󷨣ֹǵųҪͬʱҲǵսֲ֮ս
е״ȫۺϵУֲܶȡʲôж󷨶Ӧı仯ʩ
ɳľɳ˽ҵ׷ţϵȥϣַǱڵΣգǶи˵ûκεôԶս¡¡ǧﲢûԶԼʮңеȫٳ˻ǧצڼ˶Уҵߵɳľɳˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҵƲ졢Ӱڵһ˵ϢΪһ壬Ϊ޴ĺɫΤӣڳ֮ͻȻɳľɳ˷ɱȥ
ɱ
ҵŭն·ըˣɳľɳ˲ɲǣҵڼ˸ٳ£һΥʶķʽ˿ܹԵӰ죬ͬٶת˹ȥ
ɽֻն
ҵ˫Ͻһڿնһȫɳľɳ˼նȥ¡һɫķ籩ƺƵĳ𣬺ɫķ籩Уһֱϣֺ׳ʮɸߣն¡
Τ֮£ҵ˵ʩչǿѧɽֻնǰȫͬն֮š
ʯ죡
ͬһʱ䣬غ¡¡𶯣ҵֱߣƲԥʩչʯУǿһоѧɲǼ䣬ѿľʯӵ·ɳͬܵĳָһŻƲ۹ȥգۼ仯Ϊһʮɳľ޴ʯֱۣ̩ɽѹ֮ƣһȭݺݵĳɳľɳ˺ȥ
󶯵
˹
ͬһʱ䣬ӰڵҲʩչһǿľѧһڼԽ˻Уɳľɳնɱȥ
쵰
ɳľɳͫһ˱ŭޱȡҲû뵽ҵȻôӣ֪Լʥ侳׼ʵԶԶѾˣȻҵͷԼԣ
Ѱ·ǹ
û˿ԥɳľɳ˲ʩչԼƽǿľѧˣغĺɳľɳϱĺУɳľɳ籡ĺΪһͷζ࣬ľ޴ɫͷ¡ͷѿ˵ĿУһͷӾ޴ĹҵƲ졢Ӱնɱȥ
ǹ
Ǵ˵ֻͳѧϰľУͻʺص˾ڼǰġɳľɳ˵õžѧ֮ǱУѾߵĹǾ磬ܹܵڤڤ֮֮ļӳ֡
ƾоѧɳľɳѾɱ˺ܶ༫Ķ֡ҵֻһ۷ĸ֣Τ֮ﵽʥ侳صľ磬ҲȫΪǡ
Ҳɳľɳ˼ȫ׼նɱҵƲ죬Ӱ˵ʱĶкһܼһǺ˳ԼɳľɳһʶĳƳһۣһƳʱɳľɳ˴ʧɫ
ⲻܣ
ɳľɳ˱ΪԼƻսʱ֪ԼˣԼӰ죬ǧȥڴͬʮĽԼɱ
Լǧ˵Ľɱģ
ɳľɳҪܣѾˡҵͻȻ۷ɱȥҪעǹľһʩչ֮͸ջء
ɱ
һĺɱ춯أ𺳵ĿУǧڴͬӵͬһ˳ɱȥھŶԳ壬ɱսϣԾŵɱһˣǰûз
ȻȫʵУѶ֮󣬽ܡ
Ҳ˵һοȻֲܹܵ
䣡
âһʯ䣬һѸٵĵأ֮ײھ޴Ĺϣһɲս˻ʱ䶼·ֹˡȫݺײ£Ǿľ޴Ѹ˲١
һлֻǿʼĵڶĲϵĳɱҵײܼ꣬쳹սͬʱҵƲ졢Ӱ˵ǿѧͬ
û˿Կһɲǵ׷ʲôĻɳǧսسɱʱﵽ۷壬зȫգҲڱߣһɲǣÿ˶һ춯صĺһĲҽС

ˣ
ڶߺԶ꣬˹ϣиԶĵطÿ˶ע⵽һĻÿ˵Ķ˼ޡç֧أǧһֱȻ֮û˿Ĳ壬һ˫ĽüҲ΢ɲĶһ¡
Ȼһֱ򶨣ҲҵԲµٵͷôû˿Ĳ
䣡
սϿյɳûɢһսʤ֪ȴڰǧ׵ɢˡϣӰӰ´£ټ٣սͻȻһ壬һɲǣɢ˽ӽ߰ǧӰеȫ¶ɢɢֲڸط
ɱҪˣ

һϤĴƵԶ󼱴ٵ׷ƵӪУͻȻһ춯صĻɳڱΣϸϸƾͻ˵ǻҲ֪һȻǴʤ
ҶԷǸͳˣĻǻơ


915 ³
ϲ30㣡
ϲ30㣡
ϲ30㣡
ϲ30㣡
ϲ30㣡

һ֮ʯѵͬٲһԺзӶ60080010002000̶ʱڣͻ㽱һڼⳡĶԾУÿһ£嶼ܻ30㡣
ǰڵĽ֣ڵոʱ̣ҵΤӹ⻷иΣɳľɳˣƻѸֳЧû󷨵ļӳãٶȡݣ½
ʵ޷Ტۣǧ׷£ܵҳִ
ۣĸЧĬڴʱֳֵһ⻷ļӳ£ϵ׷ɱȥ޼᲻ݵȸֽϵһطֻѪ֣һﲻϵĵ¡
ǰһӰ˫ִ£ϣǱͻ·ӣɳľɳˡʱɫ԰ף͸ľ֡ϸȥͻ֣ᷢɳľɳ˵ϢȻҵΤ֮ǧĳ£Ȼ׼һ·˻侳ǵ䵽˻侳߰أ֮ǰҵ硣
ɳľɳ˵֪
ɳľɳ˵һ֮УûĲҰܣ
ǱҵܵģǱӰǴܵģ㱻ǧ˴ܵģǰɳľɳ붼롣
ѾһͷӵһѾǽңӦ죬ƴűɣҲǿжǹڵֻҪҵ׷ֻҪһɳľɳ˾·һġ
ܵģܵģô󷨡
ɳľɳ˻ֲ̿һ׻ţ
ǧս󹥻ɳľɳ˾޴ج֮С
ȻĲҰܣһ˵ĳ𺳣ԶԶɳľɳ˺ˡȻûвμսⳡսȴȫȫҲͻʺ
ˣ
߸ߵϣ˼˶ⳡ澪ˣΪ޴ķŭͻʺĺͥ󶥼֮һڴ֮ǰûаܹ˼ô޷ţԼȻܸơ
ɳľɳˣûõĶһССĻ侳Ȼɱ
˼ݺݵȭͷбŷŭĻ𻨡
jͣȥɳľɳˣǴ򲻹ͲҪˡ
˼
ǣ
˼һ䣬һʥ侳صͻʽȥֻһһƥս̳ʧսķ
һԣ˼غͶç֧ɵŤͷƳһۣ΢΢¶һ˿ȡܣɳľɳˣ˱Ϊ˼̲ס³ߣٻû뵽˼ûô´ս
˵һθܵλͻǴ󽫣ԸǿӲһ棬ҲΪʲôͻʴԭϣݺ۳ңңаܼ
ֻдһԣɫ糣ں֮ǰ޾ͶԶ˼йĵ˽⣬˼Ķ˼
࣡ҪҪɣҰ
ˣѾˣ
޿ǰһ΢Ц
¡¡ڴ޵ҰͷԭפϹ۵³ɳľɳ˺սܵһ̣ɾķ档ڻɣҰ˵սܵһ̣Ѿʧȥսʸ
ɱ
ԣɣҰڸߴϣ΢΢ǰ㣬˫֮бһǿҵս⡣˹̳ǧ³ƺƵ档
˹غʹƣ
³
һעľսӦ÷ˣ
¡¡ǧ³Ｏ棬Ϣ춯أȰǧﻹҪƵǧˣһÿһж޵Ļ𻨣ǿҵս⡣
׼
ͬʱһ࣬ǧ³ɲǣҵƲ졢ӰԼڶｫ죬˸Ӧû˿ԥҵ´£
³
Զӿͬȼյһҵͫһ˳
³
˹ص۹ǿҲΨһԡ֮
֣˵֮ĵһ
ҵȻûнӴ³ҵȴ˹صİ۱սçܵİ۱жﶼᣬʱ˫ɱѽѷ֣һΪЩı̷ȫû
³˹صбȰ۱Ҫߣ۱³ʵͿ֪
׼ʸͣ
ҵսеѸټᣬʮʮٴһĸʮŸɫľìϿճͣһɲҵɱϢӿȣͬ籩һ
Τֻ֮ܳʱʱ֮ҵľΪͻػ侳ҵץʱ䣬³ͳͳԱԮ֧
¡¡ڳ£ǧ³ٶԽԽ죬
û˿ԥɣҰ˲ʩչ³ǿľѧˣɲ֮䣬һεᴩգǧ³˵ע£һɹεĻӳĳл۶ᵽǧ³Ͽա
Щһһɣ࣬ʵʣ˲仯Ϊһ޴ȼջ򣬰סе³ԶԶȥͺ϶һƶ̫һ㣬

սķһľпһĻ˶ˡԶϵǴ󽫶˼¶һ˿𶯵ɫ
³֮û˵ģ֧뿪˹ص۹¼ûʶǵ
ɣҰĴһе³ﶼڻ֮Уâɣҫ۶Ŀȫһֺͻ˵ǻȻͬԵҡǿޱȣ
ȫ۾ҵô죿
һԣƲе侳ΪܵӰ죬ֲۣ³Ҫ˵ˡڵαö˼䲻
ϵĹâ̫ǿˣ֣ȫ޷
ӰҲԱߴ͸һ˿ǡ
ﻹ³ѰĶ֣һ棬ȫûжԿľ顣Ҫǣ³˵ĸоﻹҪǿֻôһǧ³ڴļӳ£ٶȡݣȫֻһգۣϵϢͳԽһ׷ƽļ


916 ս³࣡
׼Һ˹˵ͻƣֻӰǵǵʵʲôӰ죬һҵХָӣǰжˣֱĳȥ۾ܵӰ죬ͱ۾ö
ҵһĨɫҧҧѸ˾ġ
·ʤѾû·ﶼ赲ס˹˵³ôҪ˳ĴȥƵľ˵¾һѡ
ҵѡֻѡս
¡¡
ս¡¡ϣ֧Գ棬ŶԷϽӽ
ˣô죬ҪҪȥ³һԸƣ
ԶһȺͣ׷׿Լͷ졣õ³İѵ˴֮ѸٵĲ׽һ˿սʱͷ³һԻЩˡ
У
ĸͳйâ˸Ǻܿҡҡͷɵľܾˡ
˹˵󷨹⻷ֹӰ죬ҲһǱϾ˹˲ͬõĲͬһ󷨣ǿгȥ˵ﲻæΪֲĿ꣬˹ɱòʧ
ʼʱЩ֣Ϊʲô˹˻ͣϹۣһͻȻˣǲϰæǵ󷨱̫ˣ󷨵̫Եˣǻ룬޷ϡ

ԥԶֻһԽľɲǼ䣬Ѹ˹ȥҵһȣƾХָųǧһ޻صƣһհ³ȥ
ΨһܹôܴâӰģҲֻнΤ֮ʥ侳ҵˡ
ʮףףס
һɲǣʱ䶼·Żˡ
¡
ûܹ峡е˹˵Ĵʵ̫ҫˣÿֻһ֧ǧ˵ľӺ͵һҫ۵ģ޴صײһһɲǣҡضļײ֮Զĵڶ߶΢΢һ¡
Уսܾ׷˻
ֻսˣǧɵķΧƬķΧڣеĲľһƬݡ˹غͻ˵ս˻ţͫף׷ӱܿȥ
飡
ڶݵļž֮˶жһϣܼײսƬҫ۵֮УҵײţϵĴ
ҸϣҪɢˣ
۾Ͻ˵Х
Σɱ

ҵսУһƬҡ³ġڴʱչ¶ɡܴս˶ϵĹâݵ۾Ƕڴе³˵ûһ˿Ӱ졣
䣡
һ޴ģ䵶һɫӰϵľ׼һϣ³ıͨ˹ıȫͬȻͬ䵶䵶ǴСȣȫͬն
־޴ĳɫ䵶ÿһ£ޱȡµǣֳɫ䵶ÿһεն֮УһҵģܹվĿ͸Էڡ
ַյ۱ܲˡ
Ҳ³ܹΪ˹ص۹ǿԭ֮һ
䣡
һһܼײд쳹ս
СģǵĵйŹ֣
üӲףϵףǵȸֽ


³ѶԸԶֹǵȵģͬյϽɫסװȸֽëϷޱȣߺĸ
ʹöĸϣ˴ļ̷ģȸֽһȥҲԽϼ̵һ롣ζ³ȴȫͬȸֻֽһǳǳģԼСİۣ֮ǰսȻͬ
֧³ϵףеĻҪ̵Ķࡣ
벻˹ظԭϣȻҲԶôǿװ
Զϣ˼΢΢۾ͻȻڵ˹˵ĴȻĿǶڶ˼ֶĴ˵û̫Ӱ졣Ϊ˼ģ˹˵װЩס
˼Ѿʹ˽֣ԶڶԷеֱж˼˽⡣
ˣֻǼս׶ѣҳݡ
޵ȻһЦûй͡
ⳡս׼ĻҪöࡣȸֽңԶɼĺͿʯƥ֮࣬սоֲֿ޼Ȼ׼Ը壬ôܲȸֽƽȥ
˹صشԭƶ񤣬ԴѷһԶܺʹȣˣ˹ȴһ޷ƣ˹عĴϣȥʱдʯ׹˹صĸط
Щ׹ڹȥʱʽҲ˷ֱԭɢصռ
˹ظԭϵЩԶûıӺĶ࣬ǽװһ֧ǧ˵³Ǵ´ࡣ
޺ķ˴ľЩ뵽һ³У¶죬ڵĳɹ
һĻԶ˼˵ǳ⣬Ƕڴ˵Ԥе顣
¡¡
Զһ춯صɱ֧ɱⳡ֮ľս˽Ƽʮʮ𵴣Ϸʮűɫìһ룬ֻ¶ʮЩֳƣҲɢһա³ǱҲ̫ãǧ³ҫ۵ĺ⣬һ룬ȻҫۣѾԶûôĿ
һֶԾ˫Ȼ൱£˫󷨲ûѣ˵Ҳټ١
ҵô򣿡
սһˣƲתһζսǧȡʸͣɹĴ³ľдװ׷Ҫãеȸֽ³Чһ³Ĺͬ޷ϵס
ڵЩǵ̺һɺҵĻǱ취ǵĺģ
Ӱͬ
Ѿǵһκ˹ضսˣ³ڵһ˲İǾԲǽĽ
ȱڵʱ򣬴âİ۱Ҳʹùͬķ
ȱЩٳ漸ΣƵǵ󷨣ǵͿ׸ûǵǿÿһΣǵĿ׾һֻ֣ҪԽ࣬ͿԻǣ
ҵᶨ


917 ɣҰ
³Ȱ۱Ҫǿö࣬ҲҪǿö࣬ڵҲȡȱһ۵ʱڵװҪԸ˹صİ۱ô鷳Էд֮Ҳһ
ˣҵǧһ·̳սѸٵͷٴγ³ֻһΣ˱ųѾ֮ǰȫͬǧ³Ȼ⣬ҫ۶ĿѾ֮ǰ۾ˡ
ұ⿴ȥÿһ³ںжɼ
䣡
һĻﶼ񣬷һ캳صĻ
ɱ
𶯣ս˻ǧתͷٴǧ³ɱȥ
ɵǣ
ͬһʱ䣬֮УɣҰ˫Ѫ죬Ŀ¶׹⣬һȣе³ﲻܣͬҵɱȥոһֽɣҰѾ̽ʵ
֧ȷʵ⺷ûдﵽɵֵĵز
ᣡ˹ˣɵǣ
ͬʱûע⵽ĵطjŸߴͻԣϵһγֱָա³Ĵҫ۵ĹâֹΪṩ˻ᣬսܵ˵ͬṩһ³ֵĻᡣ
֧ʵ̫ǿˣûŲ֮ĴƣȻǿΪͻʺ˹ص۹Ȼȫ޷սʤǡڵֲֻѵİ취
¡¡Ｏųj͵Զɱȥһսʹչ

ȥִмƻ
ⳡ֮սעʱԶԶأڶߺ建ջĿ⣬ͬʱػֱۣ´󶥼֮սʱڻûа취ʤڸִԼƻʱˡ
ˣ
һսŽеʸУͻȻڶսһսͻѸ˸ע⡣ˣԶϣվڸ߸Ʈİϵţս£ǱܵĿ˹
Űڣʹ޸Ŵսңңԣ¶һ˿Цݡ
ˣǵЦݣƤжһɲĸоϽôΣֻʮ߰˽ⲻӲĪ飬޵ķʸ
ֻǴ޵ڶף⣬Цݵʲô˼

ȴûԶϵĴޣеȸֳǰָǰ˹غͻػ¡һ̣ɽԭһֱפڵڶߺͻȻǰ
󳵴뿪˸ߣһ֧װܱı£սȫƽ

ĺ쳹սһĺɫһ˿֮ߣսе˹غͻȥۣдѪУ˹غͻܲݰ㵹£ʬص͵ڳС
ɱ
ĺɱУӶͻɽ㣬ŵǹꪣǰɱȥ
սϵı仯Զֹˣھڶһǧɿĵط֪ׯƽΤ˼߷塢ҵˣһ飬ıսս֪ķֲսĶࡢмԼࡣȻսɲǣͻһȺ˾յĳźһʼж
үźˣ죡
޻ϵˣǶү
㣬ҪүжҵѾڸֵˣ

һȺĿѩܲѡΪԺүǳ˽⣬ֻϧүԶȴΪҪöࡣսͱϣʼպͺүͬһεġ¡¡սĶࡢмԼ࣬ƾͬʱչ
ո£ͻ֧ᷢڱ˴˻ϣγһľ޴ߣʮ˹غͻмһΪ׵иŵڶߺͬͻɽԮγһ޴Ȧף˹غͻΧС
ԽӽʮĴΧ˹غͻټ󳵴壬ָ֧ľӣ³֪
ã
ϣ޿һĻɫһסһбҸ⣬̫̫ˡﱻָطڳϣȫѹסǡڴ޵ļƻУҪ˶ãͿԽǸơֱʱ򣬴޲ȻǱĴȣиɢ
ӿսڣǸʶķɢط
ȥǰȫ󳷣
ͺǰ㾡ȫ˺˵ķߣ
߻ɣҰȫͻɢɴƵı

̶ʱڣһϣӿХۺ޽ǵ˿޿ǰȻƽͫҲ¶һ˿ŵɫ
޳꣬³պգս󽫽֣жûκεĲ壬ȴܲԴȫԸıʱн춼Ȼͬıսпգҽǣ޼Ѱ
³ս⺷֮սⳡսǣҲǾʤĹؼǵȴעնںʮ˹ءͻʺʹ֮սȴǡ
һ룬޻ռžԵƣһ̣תƱƣʮиϣĴԵƣȫߵˣ飬ҲֻʱŻ֡
¡¡
Ŵ޵жս̳ǡˡ³ֻڼ˺ɱ޵ɣҰֻ΢ԥһ£

ϵ̫Ӳ滹˴ļ̷ģ̫ǿ³ǵסⳡսʱڣˡң֮ľսеǻᣬܣûˡ
ݣ
һȣɣҰһǧ³һŴȼյ棬Զȥ
󽫾Ҳȥ
ͬһʱ䣬jҲյ˶˼Ϣ˼ʹޣԱһپ٣һܣ̫࣬ⳡսôˡƾͻǳɲµġ
οģˣҲвͻʵ
գֻһjʹ켸ǧڴһ·̳Զȥ̶ʱڣȻͬʱԼĶֶȥսϼֱ񣬵һȴʵķˡ
иΧߣսⳡսȫˡصĺֲ֮µսԵѾǺҪˡ


918 ı
үɹˣ
һϲս𣬵³ӵԶս۶ȥʱ򣬿ӰϲԽһ˷ܡү׳֣һ֣Ǿʤʱֻ³缱ǣһӣ֪˵ļƲ߷ˡ
š
ҵ˵ͷļƻֻ֪һ㣬˸һԼ֪սѾɣҲûسˣ
سֹ³Ҫƻ˺үļƻ
ҵһ˿Ĺâһģû˿ԥһȣǰ֧׷ȥ
ߣ
󣬻Ʋ졢Ӱ˽棬һڴ̳ȥ⻷ٶȺ֮죬ֻһξ룬ҵѾӺ׷
סǣ
ǰjһͷܿתǧתͷҵ˳ȥһγjʧˣҵȫٳ壬ʮ⣬һתۣһȫܹӰķʽڴϻһ޴ĻߣԺ֮˦
飬£Ҳֻ
䣡
ûеȳj͵׷ȥǧѾ˦ǣǰ³ȥ
׷ϣ
jʹŭɳľɳʵԻ侳Ϊʩչǻ󣬶j͸׼ļ£׷⻷ʮʮ
ϣ
ڳj͵˱˦ͬʱԶϣûȴ޵˷ӦͻȻ֮ս˻һɽͰΰӰһڿնͬһƥ㣬ʮɵĿռ䣬Ĵϣսȥ
˼
ϳǵӰ̲סһü
࣬ô죿˼ھͳˣ֮ǰļƻȫ
һӶߴսǰǰĵ
ȥɣ
޳ĬƬ̺ļƻУ۹󽫱ǵȵһ̳ġǴ޽ǵ۹󽫵ݷͬѰһһȻҲȡʩݱλ۹󽫵ս
սû̫İΪλ֮սͨʿ˫ν
һս۹󽫼ͳ˧򲻵ѣ׳֡˼סҲ֮С
أç֧Ҳһȥɣ⣡
޵
󣬻غͶç֧һһڴ̶˻УͬӸ߸ߵԾżҵսȥһɲǣս
˼ټϻغͶç֧λ۹ϵϢͬ籩һ㣬˲ս˵ע⣬Զİ˹Ҳע⵽һĻ
˹˺ͻ˶ˣҲжˡȥȫ
һ¡¡У˹˫ְŷ֣ͻȻӴһŻƽıϣվһǿҵս⣬ϱ
¡¡
ҲͬʱԶ˹֮ǣ߸ߵĳǽϣһǿϢӦͬһǿս⣬ʳ˵ĿУһӰ˫ȫźɫؼףͬoһ㣬˹֮Ƕǽǵλãһ˫̫ҪĿĹâ
һɲǣսǧĴʳʿǵӴϢǰȻʧɫͬө֮һ㡣
֥
˹΢ԭ׼̤ȥӰȻͣµսλͳ˧˹Ѿ൱ϤˡǵһĴˣ㻥Ϊ֣˹ֶλͳ˧Ҳ൱أʵչֳ־
ܶˣ
һԱߴ˹Ŀһʳ죬λʳ۹Ѫܶȴľ
֪ͨǵ£ָӰɡд
˹ֵһ˵ţһ
͸֥λͳ˧ѾԶֹһˣ˫֣ʱڸֲʤңȻϿռһƣ˹ʼκβ˸֥֥Ļôⳡ۹֮սȫûбҪˡ
Ϊȫûκε壡

˼
ͬʱսڶߺŰڣԶ籩Ǵ󽫶˼΢΢һЦͬʱǰƽ
Ǵ󽫣
ͻʺĴ֮һȻǰδı棬ȴ˵ٹĴ˵ڴܱߵľ֮УǴ󽫾ŵǿУ书սʽΪĩĶ󣬳Ϊʥزġ
ڴ
΢΢Цţܿǰƽң쵼󳵴Ѹƽһֵļ꣬ǵأǶȥսѸٵķãΧȦ˹غͻһƬң˷ʮԮΧȦ˹غͻԾ˵ٶ
ۣ
ܼǧƵ˹غͻ׷˵ڵϣѪˮأһƬƬѪѸǶϸꪡ
ԶҵҲڻ赲³ҵûֱӹ³ƾص⻷һϵս롣
ɢǣ
ҵȵһ˶ߵľ޽һӣǰ˹غͻɱȥ˽档
ɱ
ϣ
ս˻ҵǧֱٶȵƣطɱﶼĶ֣Ҫ˵ͨˡֻĲҽս¡¡صֻǼأսмָ߸е˹غͻʱһƬܡ
ߣ̫ǿˣǸǶ֣
ÿҪ·

ǧʮʮսми߸һƬҡеȫȻ޴档ǿĹе˹غͻɫ֣̿ҪܣȴԴԴϳϣô
쵰Щһ̫ˣ
ʱ˿̣ŭģǺ󷽱Ҿ³һ³ｫĻðɡǵٶȱһ㣬һ㣬ʹ³ȫʧȻڣҾبǰ棬³ҪȥݴƵİΧȦɱǰЩԼˡ
֣˭ֻҪ赲ǰģɱ⣡
ͻȻ֮䣬һɣҰϣǰ㣬Ŀһƺâʱ򷢻ˡ
䣡
˶߻죬ɲǼ䣬ڹһһӴĺӰͻȻ֮ٺݺݵײǰһͻϣֻһ죬ϣУͻʵ˴ֱӱУʮ׸ߡ
䣬û˿ԥɣҰĵһǰײȥֻһܼײУĲҽУɣҰֽǰֱײ֮Уʮɸߡ
һͻ˶ˡ
Ще˹غͻﶼסˣ˭Ҳû뵽ɣҰȻԼ֡ͣһ䣬һ˹˴ϡɣҰȴʼһץǱģѪĳɫ䵶ͫû˿仯


919 Ǵ󽫣
䣡
ڶݵ֮֮еﷴӦ֪ɣҰǿЦġԼ˶ɱҪ˵ͻˡ澪֣һţ׷ѿ
ͳͳÿΥն
ɣҰ쳹գΪ˹ص۹٣ɣҰͶç֧Щ۹ϸ򡣶ç֧ЩǾԲɱԼ˵ġ
ٲͬеһҪְ𣬾¾棬ԸЩжģвϵսʿʷϣ˹ص۹Ĵϵǿ֮󣬶ԲȨ֮ĵĲ
Ϊ˱Ȩɱ˹˲
һ㣬ɣҰͶç֧бġ
ˣ
ɣҰĲԺܿ췢ЧԭһƬңһΡǽڡبڴǰ˹غͻһηЫܿӴܿ³һ·
ɣҰȻ
󷽣ҵӽ磬һһ˹˴ķɳȥһĻҲ̲סƤ΢оЩ֡ɣҰԶֶοᣬʵʸûɱˡ
ȻЧȴͼӰǧҵĴóһͨ
ˣ
ȻֻƬ̣ҵкһȫŷһǿҵս⣬һʹſµĺѪŻɣҰķȥΤӹ⻷ʱ仹һڹ⻷ļӳ£ҵͻɣҰ֮仹һս֮
ߣ˸
ƲŭХ쳹ս
λ˴ҵ⺷ǿ佫ǡǡġ䣬͵һȭסص籡ʯƲ͵һȭ˹ؽɳȥȻĲ³ȥ
Ӱͬһ֣Ŵ󲿶ӳȥ
³սǿǳ֪ǱضʧءûܶԸǡ
ˣҵƲ졢Ӱ£
ǰ壬׼˹ص³սһʱͻȻ֮䣬һϤģƽ˶ͬһʱ䣬ÿ˶߶һյ˵ͬӯȴɳۣȻн࣬ļǳľá
ʱôãζս֮Ŀȷǳ֮ԲѰսܹеġ
쪣
Хһᡢ㣬ϵӰһƥѩս۽Ǽ۶׷ǰҵ
ү
ҵƲ졢Ӱüһ˳
ɣҰҰɣǶԸˣ
Ƶᣬڼ˶ͬʱҵ˻ûзӦѾͬһ㣬ԽˣһΡȻ㣬׳˶ȴǿޱȱӰһִݿ֮ƣǰգͬһȼհ³ȥ

ɣҰ۾һУǰĲҵͳ˧壬ͫ͵ıһɾɱս⡣֪ı书
Ȼʱã
ܹɱ壬һսƲս
𣡡
ɣҰ˫Ŀ죬͵ıһɫľ޴䵶һãƥˣ˲Ϣ仯ΪһȼյĻ򣬴³ȥе³һ棬˰Хȥǹǵأݿ࣬޵У
һˣȴǵȻһϵһϵȸֳһһ޻صƣ³ȥ
⣡

Ǭ
ʯ䣬ͻɣҰ˫ͬʱʩչ˸ǿľѧͬһ㣬ҵײһ𡣾˵ĿУһͷʮ׸ߵĻ󣬺һһ»Ӱصײһ
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ޱ޼ʣܱŷֻһ춯صĲҽУɣҰͬΧʮ³Ľʿͺײһεģ̵ĵ̰һһǿ£׷ײҺ˳ȥ
Ļб䣬ӿȥޱߵĻУԣȻıըУȻûһ˿ܹ˺һɲǣ˫һĻ¶˼𾪵ɫԶϵĴޣ𺳵˵
֮սֻʶı֪ȻǿֵزȻɣҰֵ۹׼ǿ߶Ķ֡
ɱ
һĺɱ춯أӶдɣҰսܲû³ȴֻ˹ǿɱս⡣¡¡ǧ³ͬӿľһ㣬ųɫľ޴䵶˷ɱ
һ֧ǧ˵ǿһ֮ս
û˿ͬʱԸǧּĶɳɳ˶ڶһõʥ侳̻Ȼɥ֮Ȯᵶ˹ϯ³ȴֻǵȻһЦ
ˣ
ʯ䣬ֻһУɲǼ䣬ԲʮɵķΧڣƺƣΧڵȫ˻һӴģεգƿסЩսҾȻǿиıЩսĹ켣
飡飡飡飡
һصģܼսײսд˵Ŀ£һƥƥ³ﻹû֮ڣͺһε˿߿һ㣬صײһ
һƥƥս˻ţ͵ڵϣ̳
ֻգۼ䣬ǰˣײ³һĻͻ󷽵³ھ޴Ե£ֹͣصײȥƵ졣
һʱ䣬ǰʮɵķΧڣһƬңûվŵ³
컯
޵ȫʥ侳أʵ֮󣬶žѧĲٿҲԽԽ£ܹƷԲʮɷΧڣ·ߣǲŪڹ֮䣬ͬһ㣬Ҳֻĵ
һ˺һ֧ǧ˵Ķ֮սôԴ컯֮䡣Уûдһ¡
ⲻ˼һĻ岢ûгȴɵЩ³йâһһһһӰһƥߴԣϢͬ籩һ㣬Լ
Сӣ벻㻹ͣ书ٸߣ˹Ҳ֮أ
˼¡¡ף͸һɸ߸ϣϵİ
ϣ
δ䣬˼µƥߴͻȻ˻һ𣬴ʮ⣬͵һݣһַ˼ķʽڳ£嶼˼ףֻ˼ͿԵĺɫӰ
һ̵Ķ˼ߴΰɢһڲ֮ϵĿֲϢƺնڱˡڴĶ˼ǰÿһ˶ᾭסһֱ΢Сĸоͺƿһ㣡


920 ħ
Ǵ󽫶˼
һսֲԽͥ󶼻˼˳ǿڣеĵ۹֮У˼Ϊһǿߣ
һ֮Уɱǿ߲˹ܹƥеĴ󽫾Բ࣬ǰ󶼻֥¶ҪȫԸԶԡԶ˼ȫһɲǼ䣬սһĻ˷׷ױɫ
ү
Сģ
󷽣ҵƲ죬ӰڵʧԶĵطϣȸǧ֥˷׷ױɫ
ã˼ޣĶ֣
֥վ˹߸ߵĳǽ棬ԶһĻһ͵ĳȥ֥ȻǴ󽫶˼治࣬ȴ֪ԷͻʺǰĶ󽫣ܳ˾Բࡣ
Ȼʵǿ׼ǿ߶Ķ֣ϾǴ󽫡۹󽫺ʹ¼űʵ
֥Ҳû뵽Ȼʱ϶˼ھֹˡ
ˣ
֥һƬıʵԶʵӳʣһ㣬ֻźۼҽһ㣬Ŵ޵棬һ޴İΧȦ˹غͻʵоܹ
ֱⳡ˹֮ս˵ҲǡǡҪġ
屻ɱڵ˵Ǹ޴Ĵ
ˣ
ڴսעеͶ˼ϣΪڵϦʱͻȻ֮䣬˶жһЦ
˼仰㻹˵̫ˣ
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ҡضԶԶأ˵ĿУƺƣӭųĳһǺɫıӰɢһСȻͬġӴ籩Ϣ
Ľ£һ־޴ս⻷𵴣ҵƲ죬Ӱڵ佫Լǧ˸Ĺ⻷ӦеĹ⻷ֳںϵļ
ˣһ޴ĺ˶𣬵ʯ䣬ԣ𺳵ĿУɲǼ䣬һ޴ģʮ׸ߵıۺڼεضһ˾޴ģγɵĽƣ籩һ㣬ݺݵеĶ˼
䣡
ǧأ˼ƴȫһݺһƣȻ˴Ӱײɳȥ¡һص׹ڵϣһ̳䣬һĻ˶ˣأç֧ԶĴ޶סˡ
ʩչ־ѧǲİϣĸҲʹùľѧҽʮ赲û뵽Ȼͬľѧٻ״͵ʩչĽȻͬ
ħ󣡡
ԶԶأ˹֮ǵǽͷϣ֥𶯣Զ޴ıԺжһͷ
ݣʮ޴󣬰Ѿϳֹľ󣬽󣬶ħ֮һʮҪ֮һǼľѧ
ңΪҪͼҪµϣ书ʣԼĿԼǿߣҲɰܡ
ħʮ֮Уѧǰ֮УѶȺҲͬļҪͽ󡣵ִ֥󽫾ʥʵʱҲѯʹ
õϢǣħһЩڱڣ͸һЩңЩû䣬ټû˺ϸģܹ󷨵˲ţʱʧЩҵ˶֪ͼȥ򣬸Ҫ˵ǻʼˡ
ڴƣд˵ħͼͼֽѾʱУáˡ
֥û뵽Ŵ˵ѾʧľѧȻϡ
⵽ô£
֥
ʩչ׵ľ󻹺ãʩչһŽȻͬ󷨣ɲǽҾͿԽ͵ġǲôҪġ
¦ʦǣң
֥ͻȻڵ
ǣˣ
һ
֥ûж˵˳¥

ԶսģͶ˼֮һսˡرͷ޴ıۺڼ񣬸ΧпˣĿɿڴ𺳡ͷ޴ħ£һͷͷһС
ϣ
һͷͷս˻ţܵ޴ľһ³۾֣׷ź󷽲ֻʵ˵ȥ˻Уȴһ³սܾʧأ׵ײȥ
¡ڹһһֻ޴Ľƴӿ̤£³˴̤ࡣ᲻ɴݣףҲס޴ħɲһ̤ŤΡ
ħĳɹˣ
ʱ˿̣˴֮УһһĹ⻷ţתţΧǧĹ⻷Ӧһǿģ̺֮İΪģᴩħ
һ̣ħ
ħ
磬һʩչ۹󽫼ħ
ܣħ񻹲
磬ƽ٣еѧһãˣҲܿѾʧħ󷨡ʱͼѾȱˣȻЩǰǿߵֲԼҲ뵽УħͼҲֻܻظԭ߳
ѡŲȱͼԭܼ򵥡
ŲȱħȻֻ߳ɵͽЩҪˣһҪߵȺ;µϰ汾ħҲҪֻ࣬Ҫǧ˾ʩչҪʱҲ󽵵͡
Ϊڣô̵ʱڣҪ˹֮սʮͼУҲǡǡʺľѧ
쵰
һˣһŭӵϴǴ󽫶˼һһھʮĵϣɫޱȡһƣôһ˼Ȼȫûʲôˡ
ˣһҲѶ˼һŭ˳
Сˣ벻ȻҲ󷨣
˼ɱ糱Ŵ۵ĺɫꪣָؽڷһǵĴ죺
Ҳһ
δ䣬һɫɾٲ㣬Ӷ˼ϳ𣬾ڶ˼ͷϷۣΪ߿ǳмһţ綷Ȼǡ߿ǳһ֣˼ԣ˵ϢȻһ䣬ͻȻһأǿޱȡ

һգڶ˼ıһɫĹӰɣ˲Ϣ仯Ϊһͷ޴ģģɫͷɭɭɱ¾붼˼һޡ


921 ս
˷ƶǣ
˼ϣһУ˲С¡¡йӰ˷ƾۣŶ˼һꪾĻȥһɲǣ𶯣Х쳹գ˼һꪻΪһֻɽ޴ͷţĻݺݺȥ
ڶ˼ǿһǰÿ˲һϰСĸоͺһľ޷һ㣬ָоսÿһﶼоһַĿ־սһ
䣡
ľʱ򣬶˼Ѿһͬһͷڿն֮٣ֱײȥ
ĺã
忴һĻܣľ޴ֱۻϣĵκĸͬķŶ˼ըȥǾ޴ȭģʱնŤֳһɫĺۼ
Ĳٿ£ͷ޴ħ񲻵û˿ı׾ݣӴڣÿһٿصʹָϸ΢ûмֲĲٿ;Ǿһġ
䣡
𺳵ĿУ˼һ廯ħصײһֻ꣬һ죬һɲǣն·ѿˣ޾˺ƺƵϯķֻһ󾪻ŵĴУʮý˹غͻﱻ˴ͬҶһ㷭ţ˳ȥ
˿һĻҲĻ֣̿׷ȥ
۹󽫼սͬСɣóóȻУ¾һǵ³
У˼֮սȻڼ
飡
˲˼ĿУ˼սȻûأһһηۻأͣĹ塣ÿΣҪ׹µʱܻһεʹö˼ܹͣĹ壬ͺһε廯ħһһ

ͻʺ֮һ֮УһλͻʵĴ졣žѧʩչ£ܹ˼һ˴ڿնڿвͣսأͺܹշһ㡣
̫ǿˣ
ȻԷôܣ
ͻʺ󽫵ʵ

˼չֵҵƲ죬ӰڵȴƵĽÿ˶о𺳡Ȼ֮ǰ˵˼ͻʵǴ󽫣ͻսǰ˼˳ܹʱ򣬲֪ǿ󵽵жôֲ
յķͺȫһֲֿսͬĵ۹󽫸оϢ
һɲǣͻȻףΪʲôͥ󶼻˼˳ǿˡ
ûдǻۺıԣսӺܶǻۺıˡĿƾ˵ǿʵıսƵǿڡ
䣡䣡䣡
һıըӶߴֻԣܸо˼ѹжôǿ󡣶˼廯ħһСһȫȣսĽȴ廯ħ񱻲ϵıƵýڽںˡ
Ǵ󽫹Ȼǿ󣡡
ʱʩչͶ˼սһ
˼ʵǵЩƵǰΪͣϵġʵֳʵ±ȱ󽫸溲Ҫ½ϣϵĵ֮Ķ֮һܹƽƽĴ󽫣޼
սû˿η壬˷ޱȡ
ܺǴ󽫶˼Խ֣ϱӵ붼룬ҲӲй顣κκƽ֮˵ΣյĶ󽫽ֵ֣ġ˼սʽͣɴ࣬䣬ÿһж͸һһζ
սϣֵܹǴ󽫵ˣ޼ҲԳ֣¶˼ԭ
䣡
岢ûʹκεľУҲûʹôߴǬʹ򵥵ĸáԼǰѧʽԸ˼߳ʵҵħ񣬽ֻǽʥأ۹󽫳׵ˮƽͶ˼Ķ󽫻вٵĲࡣ
ʽΪ򣬴ɲÿһжǡô۵Ľ˼ѵصʽΡڶ˼һлûгѾԤ֪һʲôˡ˳Ͽأʱᱻ˼شʵϣʼ̩ɽûκεΣա
˵սƼңǶʱڸֲʤ
¡¡
Ͷ˼սʱսĶ棬ս˻ǿϢͬ籩㼱ٽӽç֧ͻԱ˹صĵ۹Ҳʱ˹Ŀһתܿսе塣
Ƕç֧ǻأ˶гԹֲ̣ı֪
ˣȸɵ
غݺݵδ䣬¡¡һ޴ĽɫӰεض𣬺Ȼս֮С
շӽ
һɲǣûκεԥѸʩչԼǿľѧȻΪ۹󽫣ǻضɱģѾԶԶԽһУֻҪܹɱ壬ظעʲôݵλ䣬ֻ˸ظһֳշӽȥٶޱȡ
ͬʱһ࣬ç֧ҲΪһ޴ĺɫӣͬȥ
λպյĵ۹󽫣Ȼһɲǣݣͬʱѡ˽ΪԼĻɱֱǰδУҲ˹غͻжɱģ
ˣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ۿҪվذΧ֮У𶯣һӴϢεض
أĶңҲǵ۹󽫣Զ٣˴һˣʤ֮𣿡
ǧͻȻǺӴδ䣬ϣâһһɽ޴ӰԲһ˻շӵĻء
̫
ǰһ޴ɽʹɵһ鼡⣬ͬһ㣬𣬳ǿעĿģһִɫЩڹϵս棬ЩͷϳһЩǵ̫еǿޱȡ
ǧҲû뵽λĸȻʩչǿͼ
䣡
ֻգ֮䣬𵴣ǧﻯ̫񣬺ͻػĴշӣսϼҵսһ
ɴ󽫾ΥˣĶң
ͬһʱ䣬һϵһûƣҲûо޴ֻ֣һӰֻһͽç֧ĺɫ˼
֥
ç֧һսϣϵľǸ֥ˡ˹ƾ֮УʵߵľǸ֥սƺѾ˵һСѾǵһνˣç֧ǰܶʤ٣Ҳû뵽֥ʱ


922 ս
ãһξһʤ
ç֧Ӳܿս
֥ûгֻж
¡
䣬ֻ֥һѳգֺĽç֧ĺɫʮɡȻһХغç֧ٴηȥһʱ䣬սϺϣǧء
Ͷ˼ǧͻأ֥Ͷç֧˹սϣʱ½ѵһ۹֮ĻսսǻԵĺ
ȻһлԶûн
𣡡
ԶԶģһߣһ޺𣬵޴ĽսϣǾ޴ѵһߺʳ˾ö׷ȥս˻˾ֵ۾ϵʿ˦
ϻҲûгֻ֣ԶԶĶŰ˹֣Ŵʳսʿ
ⳡսܹʵ۹󽫼ģһܹ࣬ĸˣ֮һ۹۹֮սͬСɣԶսҪҪö࣬Ҳϲֵԭ
սϣսԽԽҡ
Ͷ˼սϼսʱҵͬ³Ｄսһе˹غͻƹλ۹󽫽ֵĵطĳ֪ׯƽɵгָߡ
ͬʱѦǧǵŽӽʮĴڲͣΧȦӽոΧȦڵ˹غͻˡ
䣡䣡䣡
һִţǵأϵطȥǵǰ˹غͻսʿҺţĵ£̶ʱڣ˹غͻ˵սϣѪͬһȾս
СӣҾͲŽɱ㣡
У˼ŭͬһ㣬쳹սƥ޴ĺɫ˻ţڿдۻأӸλϵعħƣգҡ˼֮Уźɫԣж۴ϸĺɫꪻ㣬̣ϵغëÿһ䴦ɽľ
˼ΪĴ󽫣һһʽޱȣûһ˿һĶǣ۶˼ٶж죬ĽǶж̺꣬жôǿħޱǰȫ
˼һû飬ֻǿﵽ󽫼ѣľ磬вٵĲࡣ˼ͥ󶼻˼˳սʤ˵ֳ󽫡
Ƕ˼ʹиȻ޷սʤһССĺ֮㡣
ߣÿһжǡôûػڶ˼ĵطеʱһлûʹȫѾˡ˼ųǴ󽫣ͻʺǰĵ۹󽫣ͻɳ޿ɺصǿڣȻССһսо⣬ȫʩչ
䣡
һһŻԵбը˼һξޣսļɳ뻯һͨĵ۹Ϊ֮һһΣϵı赭дĻˡ
˼Ʋûͣ
Цڶ˼ĶںͶ˼սУʼࡣ
СӣôŭңѰ·
Ļ˼Խķŭˡ֡͡˼һƵ֮Աġ˼ʱ伫磬ʵǹϵǿ󣬺ͿѹˡǴƵĵ۹֮³Ǳ󽫸溲ֻǱͥ󶼻˼˳ȶһߣѹһͷģҲֻа󶼻ث̫ٱĴսˡ
սʤ˴ޣȱսʤ˶ç֧ɱͻʵҶǶԶ˼ͱ֣ܰڶ˼˵һġС䡱
;ʹ°ɣ
սϻ졣¡˵ʱ廯ħһɫľޱ۷һ˶˼ѵصһꪡͬһʱ䣬ХħһֱŵĽƣһɨ˼µͻԡ
ħֱۿɹصƣڴʱչ¶ţʮУħҲǶԸ˼ʵġ
ˣ
һƣ˼Ȼŭȴòٺˣ˴ڿлʮԶ
һĻ嶼òаһͻʵȷʵޱߣͿյ嶼Щۣ˵ˡֻϧƽ֮ʱ书ۼһ𣬵ȴ
ĿԷգֻĸ߶ȺͿյʱȽϳѣս֮Уڿյֽõ˶ֵˣȻ񣬼ǿ
Ī⣬ټ϶˼ǿʵԼսɣ߽ϣκεĵ۹󽫶Ϊ֮ɵӭȥǴ󽫶˼ˣͱ˼شնɱˡ
ǰˣұΪ͢ʵڿҲҺɵˣʹܺᲢۣҲѵ¶˼
һ֥࣬ȻͶç֧һֱڼսĿȴһֱڹע塣ıȻ죬ȴûж֪֥岻Ƕ˼Ķֱ֣ȻΣأѾװ
ıǿͬǿޱȣ
֥ʱλε󶼻ǲĲԼɣһսƱذɣӴԺ󣬴¤룬˹֣֮
ڸ֥ͷתʱһ΢΢ŭǰδ䣬ç֧ĺɫӣһֻ޴ɽ֮ƣŸ֥ͷն
ܺ͸֥ѾǵһνˣǸ֥սлˣעһԵ壬ͬΪ۹󽫵Ķç֧ѡ
Ǻǣ˵Σһս֮ҵ֪˹ڱǷһս֮˹ص۹ĴϵӴԺ󣬿ֻʣϵɣ
֥ȻһЦ
㣡
ç֧дŭɫķӾȻٶȼٳŸ֥˹ȥ
ˣ
Զç֧˵һ֥Ϲž޲еĳֻ΢΢һɲǼ䣬պһֺĽƺƵɽռն¡ը䣬񱩵ϯ˷ʬ嶼˳ȥ
Ȼ籩ģ֥ç֧ĺɫȴ΢΢
һĻç֧ͫ΢ٶ˵ٴκȥͬʱ˹ȥĻһĻءصĴսӹâɣʽ󿪴ϣգÿһȥϾǾ޴ĿӶ
ԸľѧѾ൱оˡսʱһһʽݲȣֲơֻ̫һֽȻͬ顣
رǳǧﻯ̫ϲƵЩȫͬӵԼһ㣬ͣĹ򡢲ƻصĸؽڣصĴսӴ⣬Ӳȫ


923 ߳ˣ߿ʼ
¡һ޴ڿлƴսӵĽףȴһϣգۼ䣬ڶ޴ѸٲϻصȻǵȭ磬ϵؽЩһһ𱬡գȻ̤ǰ޴̫ȥ
շÿ
ػĴս˫һϣָ֮䣬һŽɫĳһ̫һ㣬ҵıը˾ޱߵĿ磬ϯأҵһȴ̫յļȭǿкɢ
󽫾ڣ㻹ǲҪˣΣҶԽ׳һ
ǧȻؼص
ӿʼڣһֱڲƣķ򿿽ǧβ֪Ĵ㡣ڵѾ˹ص۹ڶ󽫵жд̣ǻػǶç֧ȫ뾡취Ҫ϶˼һɵ塣
ΣǧһԸġ
ʮԮǧԮƤ±Χǽĳ衣Ծʵͻ֮ϸ΢Ĳ࣬ǳǧʼǰ벽ˣƴȫء
䣡䣡䣡
ֻգۼ䣬˾ٴμҵսһ
ͬʱսм䣬Ͷ˼˵սҲѾ뵽˰Ȼĵز֮У˷Ƕ˼ıը
գ
ǣ
Ǳ

˼һб仯ƴľѧʩչ˼¡ǲʩչʲôѧϵлȣĹ⵲˼볡ֹֻȦȦе˹غͻڣ˼Ѿ֪ĿģԺֻʣһͷɱ壡
쵰ҾͲŽɱ㣡ײ£
˼ŭЦ쳹գ˵ĿУ˼ԣһǰ㣬ݺݵײսо޴ħȻֻһ죬䣬˼ƴȫһ򣬻Ρ
˼ʮɵʽֻӳ߳ɵɢˡ
˼Ҳ㣬Ѿûʱˣ
ЦƵᣬһ˵ţһ߻һޱۣеĽƺݺݵŶ˼ȥ
ˣ
ʯ䣬˼һƣݵһȻһǿʵϴۿۣӲʲôЧǶ˼ǿȻĹǺвͻǰǴ󽫡
Сӣʲô˼
У˼ͫһݺݵĶ
Ǻǣ
ֻһЦûнͣĿӶ˼ӹԶꡣһ̣ƺӦĿ⣬һţŽƽսŽ˼ϵͻȻһͣ˵Ĺ졣
ԶغͶç֧Ҳ΢ı仯
Ǵ˵ĺŽǣ
Ȼ˹صţŽ첻󣬵ڻغͶç֧ȴǽȻͬġǺ뿪һǴ޷ġ
󽫾ȳٺһս
ضеǴ󽫶˼
˼û˵ϱ仯˹˵˺ŽǣȫԤϵСȻڶ˼ԥʱ·ǧ˹غͻʿȴѾ˷Ӧ
ˣôƬ̵ʱ䣬սһƬţ˷ӵţ׷ȥ糱ˮ㣬˹սĶ
䣡䣡
ըӶд˼࣬غͶç֧һλ˹صĵ۹󽫼ͬʱ˶֣ǿսڻŴȥ
һĻ˼жʱ˵Ȼٰ㲻ʣʱ򣬶˼Ҳֻѡˡ
һ壬Ǽϳǧ͸֥Ƶĵ۹֣ͲܶԸˡûлغͶç֧ϣܰĶԸ塣

˼ڰգ͵һ֣´˳˵
¡¡ԭԥͻʱ׷Զȥ
壬ҪҪ׷
һӶߴ֥ڶç֧˺󣬲ûѸ׷һΣѸٳߣԶ֥ݺ͵λԼھеҪߵöࡣ
ʱѯ壬Ҳıԡսͱϣ׵Ļ˸֥ĳϡ
ˣ
嵭ȻһЦΪ⣺
ȥɣһǻû䣬ж˼ںϺҲռ̫ˣҡսϣǵĿҲɣǳ˰ɣ
ȷʵͶ˼սʱȻָӴҳɹĽ岼µȦ˺ѣѰΧȦе˹غͻȳͳʵԮҲɱ˹غͻʾսϵ˻Ҳµͺʬ壬Ҳǳɰǧܼꡣ
ֻܹʮ˹غͻ˵Ǹ޴ʧʣµҲֻˣ
ֻôһˣ´ѧˣ纣ôܹŲת徵Ҳ˺ܶࡣսϣĿѾﵽ
Ⲩ˻ǼʱҪȻǿ»ɱ˹غͻˣ׵Ľش
ǧҲʱ˹Զ˵˹غͻʴΪź
볷ˣҲɲˡ
嵭ûйĽ֮͡й⻷ʼնڷãҲĶ˼ͻǵʵǻˣٹһʱͺѳˡ
߰ɣھֻʣ´ʳˡ
˵ħŵһ߶ȥͬʱһ
ҵˣطڶߣͬʱȫʳˡ
ĩ
ҵܿս
Ӧ쵼󳵴һǧСһֱں󷽣Ҳȴӵڶ߸ϵһߵġ󳵴϶Ϊһӽǧܳһ֮ǰȫͬն
䣡
һܼȣϵطȥ۵쳹սֻգ֮䣬ǧĴʳ˷׷׵£һﵽһĳ̶ȣ󳵴ɱֱ
塢ǧ֥۹󽫳֣дʳ˲˾⣬ս˻ţ׷ȥ
ˣ
һܼսӴʳӵĺ󷽴ûʽִս˹־Ѿһ´˴˵Ĵʳʿ糱ˮѸȥ
˹غͻ۹󽫶޷ܴƣʳ˾ԽĲˡ

ȴûзŹһᣬ޴ħֱͬʱػ£䣬ҵıըսĲҺУ԰ټƵĴʳﱻħӴɷ飬ѪмĲ֫ϱۣɢԲɡ
һ;ʵﵽ󽫼𣬺׼ǽȻͬġ
ħÿһбѵֲ֮
¡
ͬһʱ䣬һԱߴĴУ԰ټƵĴʳ˴գֲ촷ۡǧﻯ̫Ҳʱˡ


924 ֮һ
ˣȥɣ
ͳǧﻹڽһʤ׷ʱ򣬸֥ͻȻӶߴֹˡĿǰ͸һ˿Ĳ
̧ͷ˳Ÿ֥Ŀȥʱһ۾Ϳ飬ãã纣ĴʳУΡȻӰƥߴԣɽʹ󺣰㴣ΧʮƵĴʳҲѹסǵķâ
ûгֻ֣ǾվȴӴľ̺ϱֱءԶԶľ룬ҲܸоϰҺԼħȣҲй֮޲
˹֣
Ŵǵźɫ磬࣬˵ǿĴʳͳ˧Ժһͷûм˹֣Ǿڿһɲǣһ۾ͱ˳
˹ֵᡢǿ˿ĸ飬ͺһĸһ㣬ϵϢ糱ˮƺޱߡĸоͻʺսǰǴ󽫶˼Ҫǿ
һɲǣͻȻЩףΪʲôԼոյִ˹ʱԸ֥սʵΪʲô˳ˣϵ׶ˡһλʵǿ˼㣬ȸ֥Ҫǿ
ԱߵǴʳǵ£˹ֺʵǿټǰ˹ֺǵ¾Ҫϳڵ»ܾˣռ˶ˡʱȥ뼫ȵıˡ
֥
̸˹֣֥͸¶ȵļɵԣλڹȥﲻϽֵĴʳ֥ܶҲΪС
սĵģֻ˫ˮ㳷˵
˺λʳͳ˧ңң˭Ҳû˵˫ͬʱ˿ơ

ޣô£Ϊʲôʱ´ﳷ˵ٸһʱ䣬˵ҾɱСӡ
ڴͬʱãã纣Ĵʳȫ˵ʱ򣬶˼ҲŸߴͻԣصս󷽸߸ߵꡣⳡսսҵʱΪһͨŽǣɢòˣö˼кǲ
󽫾𼱣廹˹󽫾ҪһսɱԺеǻᡣⳡսټȥͶǷǳ
޵Ƶᣬ˿ûΪ˼ܳ˿
ʲô
޵Ļ˼˼֡Ǹ࣬书ߣȴһֶصʣܹҲ侲ָǡҲǴеġ
˼Ҳ֪ܵӰ졣
󽫾Ҫ氢Ƕ¿⣬Ҫɳ޿ɺƽϢǶʮƥսŭҲͬ⡣ȴԶǺʹƾһսʱ򡣴󽫾ˣκ˵˭ɣ
΢ЦĴһ˫ֱȻȻ¶һָ㽭ɽӳⷽٵʡ
ˣ
仰˼ԺжȻһڻعԭŭ̼Ҳָѡ
Ǻǣ󽫾Ѿ׹ΣǶǺʹ˾սƾˣսʤ˴ơ󽫾ѵû𣿴ʳ˵Ϊֹûܹɹͻ˵ĵһߡ
˵ţ΢ڣǰԶ糱ˮ㳷˵Ĵʳ
һսأç֧Լ˼Уûע⵽սǴȴʼͳȫ֣еı仯սĸȫĹעС
ⳡս򵥣˹ءͻʣԼʳϣƾƵıԼսƳ׵Ĵݿ塣ʳԼʮסƣȻ˹غͻʴԸڼʱ󳹵׵Ľս
һͨͨ򵥵Ҫ̫սսԵĴսȴΪǽս˴ʳ˴ԡ˹˺ͻ˳˾ս
ʹԼ˼ļƻȫǽȻͬ汾
˼ʳǵĴƣ
˼ͻȻڵ
⵹һưеؼ׶ܱìԼȫŵ˵һߺ󣬰ԸǣⱾǿҪӪĽҲų˵ģǱϾʹʳ˻ǵһϣԶûôѹϵܹǵƣذ˹Ҳּɣ
޵
ⳡսս˹غͻʣͳ׵ˡֻǴʳơ
ˡ
˼ĬƬ̣üŭȥȻҪɱ˵Ҳûеⳡ˹֮ս̫ˣͶ˼ս̫ͬˣССһ˹ۼ̫Ĵ󽫣̫ıҲۼ̫
ǣһȫκһҪϸ˼ġ
ԴƱ˽⣬ⳡսͽɡ
˼
ʼĥϵڣڻĳϡ
ˣ
ҲʱͻȻ֮һ޴ɧԶԶģ˹ս洫ޣ˼أç֧һ˹ȥ

ͫһ͵һ¡
Сӵʲô
ͬһʱ䣬˼صҲͬʱע⵽˵һǰǵСȴΰӰ

˹֣
һǰһ쳹߿գŰڣ𺳺;ηĿУӴʻŰ˹ڵķȥ֣岢ôƵ˵ģԴɬĴʳ˵
䣬Զдʳע⡣⻹ǵһδ˵˧УԼ˧֡
壡
Զ֥ɫ΢΢һ䣬ЩԾĿ塣ͨʳǴķȻһϤ֡Ǹ֥ǳǧλ˧˭Ҳ֪ʱ߳Ҫʲô
ûлͷֻǱˣ˸ĵơ
Զڳ˵ĴʳһƬɧ˹ֺǵ²ǸУһһ˿һͳ˧Ȼ˵ʳԣɲ
ʳ۹ܶ˹ڴˣ˵˭
˹һĿºɫɺԣų˵ĴǰȥٶȲȴһּĸоͺһӴɽԼƶ
ÿһ˶оһӭģͬ󺣰ǿѹ
Ƶ۹󶼻壡
˵֣Ŀڣ¶Ȼһǿܻûдﵽ˹ּ𣬵һ壬ϢƺƵеǳһ㣬Ȼ˿ѷɫڰ˹֡
һ̵壬ڱԼʥϢ
һǿıʥһܶ۹ܳҲҪʯײ㣬һ˹½ССĳǳײϣ
ʷϴδйʢ


925 ľ棡
壿
˹зһ˿΢⣬ŵ䣬Ѫζϣȴû̫Ĳ
˵ɣˣʲô
˵ţĿӹؿռ䣬ֱ壬ȫûƣȴһǿ
Ϊʳ۹ĶܶɺԶߴڣ˵۶﷢֮⣬˹־ȨƵˡ
ĵ۹̤ƽ̤£ʳΨհ£ð˹ּĽģ޼
Ƶ۹Ҳֻһ󶼻֥ܱߣΪǡ
˹ִӲǰ˴𻰣Ӧ壬ΪΪһˣȴ˵߹󡱵ĴʳԣѾһֶĶˡ
˹֣ԶƵ۹󶼻ݸһ棡
߿쳹սɫ£˵ͬʣâ¶κǿĴڣ޷ӣ
Ĵ뿪
۴ʳǰ˶ٹȣȾָΪУ
սһƬţֻ¡¡ķ졣һ̣֥ͳǧﶼĬ
ˣⲻܣ
˹ֵĻشԼ࣬ն
½ϣûκιȿʳͣ㣬ƣ
˹ֵĻشӲͬһ㡣
˷ĵģȻܶʳǴӰ˹ӲϣȻࡣ
ȻԽĽš
ǣ
˹ֵĻͻȻЦϣʯ䣬ÿ˶һԽĽ
ڴʳƣԶ˹غͻʵĿУȻγϵĳǱ䡢ҫۣ͸ˮħԻƵȸֽбָ񷣬ڵĹâ
ȻˣǾ˵ÿһ仰ÿһ֣
һսԶǽֻǿʼսĵص㣬Ҳֻǰ˹򡣡
һ̿ʼ˹Ϊ㣬Ժĺɺڴʳ۹Ķǰ͸ԼңԶⳡսķΧ
ⲻֻ֮սҲֻս۹սһ̿ʼΣʳ޷ƣƱؽƣеĴʳ˵˵ԣʳڴƵͳ֮£
ҵ뽫Ҹո˵ĻԴƵ˵һ飡

¡
һʯǧˣȶ˵ĻӦģǶĴʳӣеĴʳһƬȻ
ŵҵ˵Ļ˵˵һ飬ԶϵĴޡ˼غʹ޶Ƿ׷ױɫ
һǸ˵
˼ӹһ˿ɫͻ壬㼣鲼ڴʳ֧Ҳ֪ʳǸôǿĵ۹
ҲԮˡ
Ϊ֪Զ˼Ǵ󽫣׿˵Ļ
£ֻ˵˵ѡ
޵ӹһ˿Ĺâû˵ȥ
£κһ˵ǷʳԲ⡣ΨǸ꣬ûκ˿ԶĻ֮
ͬϣû˿ţһʮĺӣżǧ͸ıһѾ춨İܾ֣ͳʮ
ʮ󶼻ֻ˵˵ѡ
Զȴû˵ķӦ˵һ֣תͷûİ˹֣ͷԼӪȥ
̫ˣ
ǧı֮У˹ڿˡ˵ĵһ仰˴㵲ѡΪȻ˵ǴƵԡ
ôܣ
һ̣֥ͳǧﶼ㵲ѡ
˺Ͱ˹սôã⻹ǵһ֪˹ֻ˵Ƶԡ
΢һ˼⣬оͳȥʳʹȻͬĹȣڴ֮ǰҲû̫ܼ
˹Ϊһľˣʳ۹ĶܶȫûбҪѧϰƵԣȻ˹ֶڴҰġ
棬ȺУͣ˽Ųȴûлͷ
ˣ֪Լո˵Ļжô֪޴
˹ŶıӰɫѿޱȡǷ׵ļŭڴʳʷϣ⻹ǵһейĴ󽫣вҪʳ
Ǵʳ۹о仰ѧԶй൱֪֮Ĵʳжôǿ󣬾Ͳ˵ô֪Ļ
ɽ纣Ĵ𣿺սµĴֻǵ۹ڶһ֧Ӷѡ㿴Ļֻǵ۹ıɽһǣǿľӣڵ۹ٻа֮ڣ
˹ֻſֱ۵һ󺣳ϢΧնŤֳһɫۿռѷ죺
ˣΪո˵Ƿ۵ģֹ㣬ƣ
Ǿսɣ
ֻǵȻһЦ
ߣԸ
Ļ˹ֵɫתͷ˹֮Զȥ
ˣ
Ű˹ֱֵһӣǧĴʳͬˮȥڶյսʹ˽
ʳԺǲݣˣ
һյӶߴڰ˹ת뿪󣬸֥ƥԣͳǧһӺ󷽻߹
ǰ壬˶Ǿ岻ѡ
棬ԶʤԽǺӴʶԽǼһ֣ҲԽܸܵϵ
Ѿ𣿡
嵭ȻһЦ
ƴȱٶ֣ҲȱܴʳһȥûܻܣڣԼδҲ˻ܵҴơ
˵öԣû˿Իܵ˴ƣ
֥ͳǧһ壬˶һЦ
˰ɣ
˵ͬˮ㳷֮ڣսʽˡսصʬ壬ʬʬʬͺյʬ鲼ҰеѪζĴŨҵǺǣ

ӳʱ֣սȻѾսβԶûн
ȸսͳ𣿡
˹⣬帺˫֣ͷҲص
غүѾȫͳϡսܹһˡ棬ĹӶԼΪװȽϾʧǺܴ󡣡
ȸ̬ϹϾ
Ҳ˵ֻʣʮң
΢΢ü
ǣ
ͻʡ˹غʹʳʧأ
ٴε
ûа취ͳƣǸݳƳͻʺ˹ʧľӦң⻹нӽʬͻ˴ЩǣǵĹ˺ܴӰ죬ܶǱʬģսʱҲòȴЩ˹ͻʾǡ
ڴʳǱߣʧнӽ򣬶ǵҪǶԸͻʺ˹أʳǱԷΪˣ±ͳʵ󳵴ϽͳʵĲţҲɱ˴Ĵʳˣˡ⣬дˣнӽ֮
ȸ
ȸĻʱĬǴ޻ǰ˹֣һս˳׼˼ЩӴɫǣʳ˵޾ţټϳɰǧͶʯ׼ĳɵ˺Զôǿ
֪ˣȥе˱ƽ˹⣬й
ǣү
ȸܿȥ
ӪУܱΪģֻһˡֻƬ̵ʱ䣬֮ĸĵӣӳڸ˳


926 佫ۣսݣϣ
үҡ
ǰ֮һ񡣽սƾæµľ֮Ϊ˹ߵľʦͬʱҲľʦ֮һߵĽ˹¥ǼټܸͶʯһж֮ġ
ϵ֮ݵĽɫԽԽҪ˵Ȼ书ҪԿҲͽˡ
㣬㽫߼ǿ졣
˵ţȡһͼֽ˹ȥս֮󣬸Ŀǰľƺսص㣬ƵͼֽЩͼֽ塢֮ԼһЩĵ֮⣬û˿ö
ģ½ˡ
֮Ƴһͼֽܿ˵ͷ漰ʮ֮ҵͼֽܿҴȥ
ҵͽˣǿ䱸ʱע˹ءͻʺʹʳ˵Ķһʱ֪ͨҡ
ȵ֮뿪
ĩҵ
ǣ±򣡼ӽά޳ʱ׼ս
ǣү
˺
һа׵һ˹ĳţ̤˳ǳ֮С˹֮һڣ岽һڣ־±ݡСӦоУȫԾ޴ʯ죬ȻûôһֺֻƣҴǳصĲҲԿ˿֮·Ͼú;շ
ˣ롣Ǵ˺Ѿˣ
壬һĽӭһ
˵ͷ·ɡ
һȣ˹ԭĳһװĸ֥ԣǧϯԪ죬ĸϣԼ»εĲͰǺ쾡ڴˡ
ɲǼ䣬˵Ŀ׷׾£
Ǻǣˡݣ˶ˣֻһ
֥ڽʲôʱ򿴵壬ƹǰ˹ɳ̣ǰӭӣǺЦǳɡһĻ˻ûзӦǳǧԣһϢӴ׳ȴǿľ졣
֥Ը񽾰򱻳Ϊսв֥ʱ򣬶Ҫͷ֥ʮ꣬ûκôѾǿôˡ
Ӹ֥ݣԸ⵱ŴҵȥӭǸˣУǸ˵ĵλҪѾԺƽƽ֥ΪͬȵλĴڡ
õˣ
ȴûע͸֥һ񣬺䣬ߵ˴˹ɳǰϸĶꡣ
ɳ̺ɳ̽ȻͬϸڲҪϸ࣬ҲһЩ
ɳ̣ΪߵĻеʱҲԹпɳ֮УһΪߵ
սɳ̣еľֲϸڶǵķǳܵ˹ܱߵĵΣꡢȵأСսеĹ֣ȫǵķǳȫһ֥ȷʵǴƵ۹֮ڣս񣡡
忴ǰɳ̣Ժ˼
ˣˡ
۲ɳ̵ʱͻȻһ͵͵С񣬶ҴŨصĿһǺˡعͷһŴӣϵԵ÷ǳۡû˵ֻǵݹȥһѯʵɫ
°Ǻ죬Ѷɣ󶼻պ󶼻пգϣܹǰǺһ𣬷ѶɱضɨԴ
Ѷ˵΢΢һǳĹ
Ȼ
忪ʼû⣬Ǻ֣вһ˿ȡ޺͸»ǰŸԵðǺλѵꡣƵʷϣǺͷѶǼΪģֶԴĹǵ⣬ʧ⣬һֱ̤ЧҴƵˡ
ڵ˹ս֮󣬶û˿Ķҡ
Ļ̻ϲҡڵĵطǼΪͺġ
һʱжʱøд
ɺˣ
嵭ȻһЦԺжʱһͷ
μ棬һ͸ɺ
Ŷ
ѶԭֻǼ򵥵ĺѣ仰ʱĴ
˵ɺһŴǹ͢شΪԶϹ͢ҵԭ򣬵¹ȫԿɺҲѰٳ߸ͷһжοھ԰ɺȫɺͻƿһ¥
΢Цŵ
˴Ե棿
Ѷ仰ͫ͵һľϲֱԼĶ䡣
Ȼ飿
ʱ֥̲ס˹
ЦǺҳȷʵӹɣΪǺ죬ѶɵʵȴǷǳ޶ȵѹһͷⲻܲ˵һźһЩ¼֪ؼͳڰǺĴϡ
ŴΪǺһĻڶ¹ȱںİǺɺɾͶǳޡһֱδƽ٣е书һãӡ֤˵ǻۺ;飬Ž֮ꡣ
Ҳǵ濴ѶλǺɺͻȻ㡣
벻ǣһԾ֪ˡ

йһԵ˱īֽ⣬ܿ콫һֲĿھдֽϣ˰ǺɺѶ
һССĲ˵עֺܿתɳϡ
սȻǶʤˣǻǲܵġ
ȿڵǳǧΪĸǧսзȨ
ﻹûˣ˹Ҳ̴棬ҪǣΪֹûϳǲ֪жٺУҲ֪жٴԴ
˵Դĸ֣ڵնʱ˼֡ʳ˺ս˶֪ģ˹̫ʱԴӺ֡ʵϣʳһֱΪʲôʹʳ˴£˹ֵıûм٣ԽԽԭ
ִ˹ʱ˹ʮı
һƬžĸϴƽ
ʳȻڣսҲսֻǿҪʵѵˮƽϣսսԼ档ЩۺϿǣΪһò̫ġ֮ҪĶԲߣô˹ˣͻ˺ʹʳ˵ˡ
Һ͸״˵һ˹ֵڻ±ˣ׵Ļܣⳡս㲻ϳ׵սᣡ
ĴҲʱ򿪿ˡ
˹ֲôöԸģҺ£Щ˽⡣ϲͣ̽ԸǿȵĽˮĹ֣һֱݿֵ־öֿ־ΪֹûʧܣϵĹУҲὥյ㣬Գ֣ѹԵһ֣
֥ͻȻڵأ͸һɾζ
Ҵʳ˳ս˶ˣֻҪ˹û´ﳷ˵Ǿ;ԲˣӲڴʳ˵ֻҪܹսʤ֣ԷĹȣ۸ĴۣǶ⡣һ㣬ʹƵǽȻͬġ
֥һ䣬ǧϯԪλĶ⽫춼˵ͷڴʳ˵Ƕġ


927 佫ۣսݣУ
ʵҵãƵսȴʳ˲ֻ֥ȴ˹ֿ˴ʳ£°˹Ҳһûа취ǰǺ˶Դʳ˵˽⣬սǰûзλˣ쵽սʳȻռ˾Եıƣµѣȴʼղλ˵Ķ֡սʮˣƵʧȴʮޣϢȥǰЩʳĹ˵ġ
½ϣеĹȣܹսʤʳ˵ģҲֻдˡЩӶУʵǿĹңҲԸʹƲսԭ򡣡
һֱûô˵İǺѶͻȻˣֿޱȡ
һֱѣһǸ»һǰǺ»ӶУڸ֥ǰ˵ģҲֻзѶˡ
Ѷɵⷬڵ˶ⲻѡ˭Ҳû뵽λǺڴƵȻ˶ҪߡԭصɲǼ䵴Ȼ޴棬嶼¶һ˿Цݡ
ǺȻǴѡ
ǣǸܵУǹκһܵһĹ⣬Ǳذɡ
ʱһͻȻڵδ䣬Ѷɻ͵һ˿նʱȻ޴棬еĿ׷׿˹ȥɳһ˼⣬Χı仯ĹǸоΧļžڸоʲô̧ͷʱ֪ʧԣɫ
»ʹʳᣬ¶ɱڵĸ»ΣĹͷʱʲôжŭƣ¸»Ҫһ겻ˡ
˵ûܵڱǴɣ⣬ǺѼȫĶԸʳˡ
ڹо̻̲ǾʱһͻȻڴʱͻȻˡ
ˣ
һɲǣҵ˾һ˶ʱ֪ĵϸֻῴʮֻҪ˽⣬ͻ֪ǰ󶼻˹ĵλ͸֥ȣҲѷɫй֮޲Ͼʮȫͳ˧
Ҳ̫ѽ˹ȻԴԴϵĴӴʳͽȡһͲһˡ
忪ڵĿᶨʯһ㣬û˿ĶҡûκεѿԽܣκοĿˣҲܵȾӶᶨġ
˹غͻܼʮһսѾĵʣµĲҡ󣬴޽ǳĽСġ֮ǰôðաıÿһ֣һ֡ûмǴĻ³˹ûг£³ȴ˹û⣬ӦǴΥ˼˽ټľӣѾܴ˹ļκεԮˡ
ˣ
Ļ˶סˡ֥Ƥһ¶˼ɫⳡսܶ˶ֻע⵽սĶûע⵽ս֮Ķ֥⡣
̫ҪˡͲֻǣսԲĿԶеĽ죬ڣҪеĶࡣ
˼һ˷ս
֥һ˼
ģ
嵭Ŀ⣬ƺеһС
޺ͻսܣç֧ȱսۡ˼µıʧǲٿҲô̵ʱٴɱǡңǲ⡣ҲԲֹ⣬˼ȻųǴ󽫣ʵǿ󡣵ȴֻͻʲԭɫǡ룬ɳ޿ɺ̽˼Ѿ¶ɡ
ͻʺǱǲԮˣ
ʤ߰ܣΪһ󽫣ֹҪ˼ǰսڿĶҪս⿴Ķڡεȵȡһս岻ֹǹעϣͬע⡣
ܴԸ⻹ǲԸ⣬ⳡս嶼ѾеõԼҪĶһսʵǹעһĴԶûбϿô⡣
赭д佫ٵĴһʱ䣬һƬţ˶¶˼ɫԭӵľ棬˼䲻ľ棬ʱһ˵£ÿ˵ﶼ
ڴʳȻ˹ʳǲҪˣҲǹ¾սվǵıƣֻҪǼһʱ䣬δǵԮͬԴԴϣһ㣬ͻʡʳǽȻͬġ
ϣ
һ䣬նʱһɣѶɡҲǾһȷʵ˹ֱӴĴʳ۹ǰһ࣬ͬӴĴƵ۹
Ƶǿ󣬼Ҳպգ׹ģҲӶԸʹƲսԿʳԭ
˵ǣδһӮʤģǸ»Ҳ׷棡
мĿһۣʧʱıһġո˵ѾΪʸ֮ˡλ󶼻ҲԽԽ
ˣЩԺ˵ϵ⣬û⣬˹ֺʹϿ϶ȡж
һ䣬Ŀܿۼ˴ڵɳϡ

ЩãȻ
ˣ粻𣿡
һ䣬壬֥гǧﶼЦȻ޵λãΪ˸»ε죬ԾµԼսϵĺԶ
İɣ˹׼սͲ᳷ˡ
˻֣Ц
սβҲҪȥô̵ʱڷսԸ⣬ҲǾԲͬġеľֻἯϵҹϮ
ϵıеĽڰսʧ֮󣬶ῼϵҹϮΪ죬ӵиƣ磬ֲһֱѣսԽңϵ˯Խء
ҹɫڸǣҲʹ׵Ľӽ֣ͬʱֺͳӲ׼
ȷʵˣҶ԰˹ֵ˽⣬ֽԼǿˣһŹϵĻᣬ⣬Ǳ߱Ȼ׼ϵķһ㶼ȰСͬҲǵĻᡣ
󶼻֥Ҳڴʱڵ
թȻǱûдʳͻʺ˹ô࣬иƣǸ֮ǽ˹֮ǣЩǰ˹ûеġʳ˿ϮǣͬϮǡҲԽᣬ̽һЩϢ
ⷬ¶һ˿΢Цܶ˶ֻ֪֥ñ񣬹ֿңڵ벻ĵطûж֪֥һصǡթ
ƾһУ֪˶ٹȡ
ȻΪ˲ܣڱϣ巴Ϊͬ


928 佫ۣսݣ£
Һ֣Ҷ˽⣬ӦѾϵжˣû⣬ǽжĿӦ
˵ţͻȻһָָ˴ɳϵһ㡣
ָʱ˴˵ע⣬Ŀ׷ɳָһ˹ȥ

Ǻʹ֮սĲѾϵĲֻԶûпʼ
ͬʱ˹սĶ࣬߸ߵ󷽣һ͵ͻʽɫӪޣ˼أç֧Լͻʺ˹صĽһ˶£ڴ޵Χ
˲ͬʱǰĲ˹ĵɳ̣˹ص۹Ĵ½ͼ
ڱϵǸ֥ʵϵĻͳ˧ѾϤλӡҶ˽⣬һȡжϵʱѾùУһҲԲŹᡣ
Դжһʱ˿̵ĴҲͬжϣλ޵жԼĶֶ̫˽ˡ
⣬һսѾʧ˴ıʹƲһû䣬жϣǱ߾ԻǵΪպص㡣᲻ϵʹһеЧʽһһĲʳǵıֱǳϿ壡
ڴˣȻžȣΪ޾Ȼں˹˷Ĳԣ˵һ˿
ܲҷԸ㽨ʣΧôˣ
һתͷһ˹ؽ
ش࣬ѾеĳжԸʿڽ죬ӦûʱңͻὨϡ
йܲݴ䵶׳˶˹ؽ
ܺãԸеʿźѲߵİš⣬ڷȼĻѣκοˣǵˣԼˣҪϸ䱸ԼˣҪ˸Ӿ裡
޵
ǲ̫Сˣֻҹǲ̫Сˣ
ʱӪһ𡣶˼˫֣ʼʱĬĬţ棬һ˫ҰԵŨüĲԲԽԽ˹صĴ࣬һ㣬̵ĽӴ˼ҲΪ֮Ͽɡ
ǴٴУԴӣʵö˼Թͬ峿սʱ򣬴޶ûӰɡ
Ǻǣ󽫾ûкλ֪Ҳһλıκ˶֮ͬսλʩչҽ֮ƣαװ˹˺گ˵ӡʱֵ꣬ԽΧ˶ƻƵľ棬һƻŵʧܡ
ȴǵȻһЦ
ˣ
޵Ļ˼ɳľɳˡj͵ͻʺĽ죬ɫ΢䣬֮սǶٶ֪һ㣬־ϸȴδ˵
Ҳ̫ˣ
jͺݺݵ
ͻϰսϣ浶ǹӲԷαװͻ͵ϮǻǷʤ
󽫾Īֻ֣ǽһ㣬С޴˵ҲΪȫǣսϵʬ壬ǱߺпѾȡʩЩʬϰȡսסһսܹս˽ӽˣɳαװǣҹɫ͵Ϯǵ֧ŲסĽȻʧء
س
ϲð͵ϮϰߣǴ޻ǻضᣬΪ衣˼ܲ˽⣬Ǵ޺ͻȴܲ
˼û˵һ˫üëȴαװıٻû⣬һͲһˣǸƵСôƻĲò
¾Ͱ˵İ죬һȫϡƿ͵ϮǣֺγܽǣԴУԹء
˼
ǺǣһҺʹ󽫾Ŀȫһ¡
޵ȻһЦ˷ӣתͷĿ䵽ӪڣοϵĴ½ͼ
Ȼսǿ󣬶ұڣȴһǹӶĴƾӸ֮࣬⣬ǻһ޴㣬ܹס㣬ܹһۡ˻ʮıҲΪ塣
ʲô㣿
һ˲Ӫ˵ע⣬˼ɣҰjͣɳľɳ˵˷׷˹
󣡡
΢΢Цţ³֡

󣡡
޲֪ͬʱ˹֮ǵĳ嵱д󽫵棬һŵ˵ͬ֡
ǴƵⷽ͢ƵһǳһǧﱼϮ֧Ԯ˹൱ֵĴʳˡͻ˺˹ˣ˳ļ¡ޱΪ࣬ܲע⵽һ㡣޷ҹϮûĿһǳ󣡡
Ļڴʵ̫˽ˡ
һҹϮǴģսĻɵ˺һǳޣһ㶼ѡսԵĿ͵Ϯ˴޾Բᡣ
ˣͬСɣ˹˺ͻѡΪĿ꣬ǷҪǣ˹ڣԱ⵽ʧ
ǧ̽ŵ
󲢲еģ䱸˴ĳ󣬵ǳһֱǸãûɾҽϸķֹսϣĳͰ󳵲ӷӳ֮˫оȫͬ
ѡ󳵴Ϊ͵ϮĿ꣬Ի˹֮ǵĴƾɾ޴Ӱ졣
󳵴Ͼ¶ָӵľӣǧǰĸҲȨ棬ֻǸʵĽ飬ھ֮УȨǴɣ
ˣ
ЦЦΪ⣺
ߣҪ󳵲ӲܲҲų˹ֺʹϷģĿܣڲܼʱĸ跴û޹
һ仰˶۾һ
аš
֥ƺ룬ʶʲôһ΢Ц
ԤԤϣȻ֪޻Գ֣Ͳܲ⣬˹˿ԽǣҲͬԽǣ
ݲȵ
֥ĻҲǰͷӢϧӢۣȻԶСڸս˼άϣȫǶ󽫼𡣺ܶ뷨Բߣȫ뵽һȥˡǸ֥κΰ϶оġ
˺뵽һˣȷˣˡֻнõĽ취
֥ǰһ
֥سǵĴ󽫣һɫҲǸ֥Ҫԭ
һ飬˲ò֪ǰ㽻֣սսǳ˽⣬ҴϻۣҲȻϵ׼ҪĻ˼ǲС
֥
Ǻǣ˶ˣ߹Ҳֻ֪ҹȥı֪ڵıΪ֮ˣ޳Ҳ޳Σûй̶ʽԷȥܴηûõġ
ȻһЦ


929 ҹɫ٣ӿ
Ŷ
ĻֻǸ֥ڵİǰһۣⷬǰδֶ֥Ŀһµĸо˵ˣֻϡϰΪû̫Ĳ
˸ۣˮ޳Ҳ޳Σ벻˾ȻܴճɽˮУĵ
ǧ￴̾ѣԵ
ıʹƵκν춼ȻͬţһʮȻӵ˸ߵı裡
ˣ
ֻǵȻһЦû˶˿ԺҲûйǫ
ΪϵıʥȻϣûлָǰΪڱϣ£ܺᲢ۵˻ûж١ޣʵģ֮սùı
ｻңһ˹֡޻ҹжô˹һŹᡣֹˣҶԴ޵˽⣬һŴ鰬˹֣Сǡ

ͽҰɡ
֥ԥһ΢ЦǳĴݣ
ϾͰ˹ֽôãҪʲô޹⣬ҲԽᣬ̽ʳ˵ʵ˽ǵĺУ
Ϊս񣬸֥ҲԼĽڴսԹ˼ϣ֥Ƿȱ˵ս֥ѷɫκˡһݣλ˧ܿһ£Ըޣ֥ȥԸ˹֡
λ˧ͬڵĽ죬־;жϸ˺ܾã׵û⣬ܿ¾һֻڡ

ʱ仺ȥͻʡʳ˹˺ʹƣķս󱣳˾ԵĿƣ֪հ
ǵ£͸Ǳô˵﷢ѾͬɳľΪʲôһǰ͸óֵľڶûг֣
˹֮ǵս֮⣬ʳ˵ӪƻͨѪܶ˹һ˶ģƽͺɵıվڽλĸܶǵµ
ܶˣѾȥʹüˣӺ󷽵ϢǺɺַ壬Щҵԭɺ壬¡﷢·ǳӣľѹˡ
ǵ¹
仰˹ֵŨü΢ɲһ¡ɺǴʳһ۹ҲǴʳ۹ŹУǿ֡ɺǰɺĶ
ȻʳѾɺвɺ˳ʱʱķ壬ԴʳԺɺķΪҡһֱǴʳ﷢ʵۣĲԶѹһֱ
˹϶ܶλúҲйѹֻû뵽Ÿոѹûãٴˡ
ûץЩɺ𣿡
˹üͷͫӹһ˿ķâ
ûУЩɺܽһдĺɺ˰ǣǺץǡ﷢ѾҮܶȥ£ɺ˲棬Ǻһºջ⡭
ǵ˵ţһ£̧ͷ˰˹һۣ
ոյ﷢Ϣ¶˹Ľȷǳ
ˣ
ǵһ䣬ӪʱһƬţеĴʳ׷׵ͷѹޱȡڴʳ﷢ּּ⣬û˸Υ﷢﷢ӲܶսеʧҲ˶ˡ
﷢ֻ
˹¶ûйѾ˹﷢Ĳʼղܸı䣬ô˹־ͻᱻ׵ĳ
ڴ֮ǰѾкܶĶܶΪԭ򱻳
˹ᱻˣҲضսܣ
֪˶ãӪصÿҪϢʱ򣬰˹ڿ˵ˣһ㣬͸һֲɺļᶨ־
дһŸ߹﷢˹һڽⳡսϴƵͼΪ﷢⣬ս֮ҽһѪʮʿʬ壬űеĲһսǽûκ˻ŷشƣ
˹ֵ䣬Ӫڵնʱ΢͸һȵζѪֻҪǴʳ۹սʿֻҪ˽Ⱜ˹ֵˣѪζʲô
Ȼڴʳ۹ĵ˵ζ޵ĿֲǶսɱ¾ΪʹĴʳ˵ȴ˷ܣ̼ʿս

ǵ³
ˣһ飬ȻľʱµȥѹɺܶҪ󣬱ѾȫӦľţͻ˹ܶ˵ĵ
ã
仰˹оâǣ˾
ǵ£ͽʱǾͳ׽ս
ĩ

һȺֵʱͻȻһٵƿݣֻգۼ䣬âһһֻС˫һգӪֱڻƽͺɵıϵİ˹֡
һĻͻ˲˵Ŀ⡣
˹ҲĿһݲȵһֻСӯʳָϣһϣ˶һűѩ㡣
˹ˡ
˹һ˿ɻɫܿϲѩ㿴˹ֲ鿴ʱӪﾲĵģû˵ǵҲһԲ
Ȥ˹˾ȻţС˵αװ͵Ϯ
˹ֿż㣬ȻһЦΪĽż㽻һԣһɫڵĴʳ죺
ȻҲʲôܹ͵Ϯǣ˹Ҳһ⣬Ŭȥһ£ǻطŰɡ

ΪŬĴʳ
⣬˹غͻϣϣҹʱһ𹥻ơ޿ɺǣҲǴʳ棬ŬټĲ׼һ°ɣ
˹ֵ
ĩ
Ŭ˷ܵӦһ˸Ųɱܿȥ
ʳ֮Уû˱ӳҹϮˡ⽫һʢѪɫҹ硣

յʹƺ˹ĩ֮ǰһճ䡣̫䵽ƽ£պܿ찵ȵٹʱ˹վͳ׺
ۣհһɲǣ˹ߴĳǰһشػͻȻ𣬽ߵĸ֮յһƬʮɵķΧڣ˺֡ߵһ֮Ҳ֮³һشصĻ⡣
ƬĻߵΧľߴǰ
ͬʱԶԶģشһشؾ޴𣬻֮֮ǸʢͳҡЩΪ˹˺ͻͬһƬķģĴʳˡ
һƬһƬ棬Ҷã˹ҫͬ貵ҹһ
ĸ۹ҹɫٵɲǣͬʱȫķ
޻׼
վڸߴ˹֮ϣǵλãңԶشæµ˹غͻˣ帺˫֣¶һ˿Цݣ
ֻϧзҲһûã


930 ϵУһ
ХվڳǽϣԣԶԶȥһѺŵķǡ
ѻɣ
˸ƣɲǼ䣬ͷϣһشػѸǽǵıصһһյյȼ͵ƣǽͷ£˹һڰġ䡱ҲȼˡǴʳ˹Ҫ͵Ϯߣǳҹ˹֮ǣûκεǿԡ
ʱȥ˹ˡˣǴʳ˵ӪأǾĵģûһϢȵĿƣల¡ҹһֱҹٵʱûκεϮ¼
Ǿˣ˹֮ǵղû˿ķɣԽĽˡм˹֮ǣսʿһȫ䱸֮֮ǰԽСˡ
ʱҹɫԽ˯Խ
ÿ˶֪ҹϮʱġ
ɣ
սıԵܣһֻֻͺյҹдǧ˹սʿɵķߺѲߡǻءѲ߹ĵطһ½դи߸ĸڡ
񣬲ũ˹ˣȻҲڶ̶ʱڣѧԭ˵ս
񣡴ƵǸϲ͵Ϯ۾ҷ㣬Ҫ˿ӡ
⣬һ˹ؽ죬泤ĺǳ⡣
ǣ
ڴһӶӵ˹ʿ׷׺ӦĿ⾯裬ͬҹһ㣬Χ»ûκ˿ͻ˹صķߣ֡գ̳һӶӵ˹ںҹѲߡ
ܼϵһڲtֱӹһɭϵıݣ˹˺ͻ˵Ӫػʵʵ
ʱȥƱ£ΧԽԽҹɫҲԽԽ
֪˶á
գ
˹˵ϲӪط⣬ͻȻһ󼱴ٵһɲǼ䣬˹˾
ʲôˣ
߸ߵĸ¥ϣĻһ˹ͫĿѩȻתͷ˲һŴ󹭣ļض׼˷⣬ķ򡣶ͬʱΧڣս˻Ѳߵʿͬطפ˹ˣ׷׳Ｑӿ
ҹﲻ֪Ŀ⣬ڱ㷽˹ȥĹâֻӰӰ´µӰѸٽӽ
ҪԼˣ
ҹͻȻһ󼱴ٵ˹ȻϤ¥ϵʿû˿ɣøӽˡٴУݣŴ̶Хһ֧͵ڶЩӰĵϡ
ϽֹȫͷҪǵĿ
ǴΥ
ϵ˹ʿеһ˵ţһץϵһ֧ѣݺݵ˹ȥ
ӿл˲ҹաȻһ̣ݵһգ˿еĻѡ
޹ȻȻзֵǳ
ҹдһ˹ĴЦӰûпķΧ͵һ֣һȺʿźҹгȥ
׷
ĴЦ˹ﻹ֪ʲôһȺŭХһ׷˹ȥ
ס֣һ
Ī׷С
һ˹ؽĿڣһƥ˶׷ȥֹˡ
ϣһ˲Ȼֹԭ׷ȥ˹˲ֳ˻
Щ˹˻Ȼһ㶼ϵ
ҹ֪Զ˻ȥ˹ˣ¶һ˿Ȥζɫ
ȷʵ˹˵డү̾ѣ֮սѾʶү͵ϮֶΣзжûʲôá
֪һμӹ֮սĴ
зŸ棬ȳɣǻһҹʱ˹棡
֪ȻһЦΪ⣬ܿɶȥʧںҹ
ͬʱαװ˹͵ϮϢҲ󷽵Ĵ˧Ӫ֮С˧ӪڵԲϣĴ½ͼ̯档ԱŴޡءç֧Ͷ˼
ʹԤϵһСӹȻֹʼʩˣ
Ļһ
ǺǣͬķȻʹΣҸ߹ˡ
ȻһЦΪ⡣ֶȫǭ¿ֱͬϷһ㣬ûκ塣
ֶֻΣ¸λԸˡ
᲻ֻ㱾£̫߹˵㣬һʮĺӣѵܴ̥ϰ书
ҡҷĻУ˼ڿˣ͸һԹ
ȻԸϣս˼һ޷սʤĶ֣ҶԷΪʵͣǶ˼ûġŻغͶç֧Ա󽫵棬ö˼澡ʧ
һԣç֧ͷ⻰΢΢üȴʲôû˵
Ǻǣ˵ҲеС޴ǻҪ÷һΪ
ֻ΢΢һЦûз
һܹԼĶ֣޾û˿СЩȴûбҪ˼͡
࣬費ҪһȥѲߣ
ԣһֱû˵Ķç֧ͻȻڵ
һʲôжҶܹʱ֧Ԯȥ޻ء
ˣ
Цһ΢΢üܿ;ܾ˶ç֧顣ȱһۣâսç֧ȫһս֮󣬶ç֧ͼڱڴѩɽǰ˼βڸµʱ
Ϊߣо¶ΪС½Ϳˣ˽ƻǸ廹Ǹ֥ı֪֮Ѳǿʹƣ֮ƣʹһֱƣڱûϢʱ䡣ʱһսǱذɡ
˵һ䣬ɫʱޱȡ
ӨӨĻӪ˸ţç֧ĬƬ̣ڵ˵ͷ
ҹɫԽԽ֮ǰЩ΢¹Ѿȫ֮󣬵޵˻ӪԲߵʱ˹˵жηߣһ󴭼
ʲôˣ
һܼ𣬺ҹУļط׷׶׼ķ˹׼κ˿˹˵ѸٷӦҪ˹˵ķ¡
ǣ֣
ǽӵܶ˼󽫾ǰ˹˵˧Ӫ
һɬ˹Ӻڰд
ͻˣ
Էϵʿһ˿ȵɫĹҲɿ£һĽ˶ڣ泤˹佫Ҳջ˳Ĺâ˿Ӱͻʵס
Ѽ£ûҵ˭Ҳ֣
ڵ˹佫صĻֱۣԭǾ裬ʱȴ˺ܶࡣͻ˺˹ѣȻ˫ԲͨϾŹͬĵˣɱᣬڴֲ
л
ġͻˡһͬʱűѸٿ˭Ҳûע⵽ͷġͻˡͷһĨЦݡ


931 ϵУ
һ£
ȺͻˡҪʱ򣬸µ˹佫ͻȻһֹˣͬʱתһơĪʱһƥͻȻӺ󷽵
ĸӵģ󽫾ƾ֤𣿡
һͻӺ߿нϵ˳˶ˡ
˹˵ĴȻһͻ˵ʿ
ס֣ɵǣ
ڶͻһɲǣŰͻʿƺѾʲôһָָŶ棬ȡݣû˿ԥ˲ļ곯Ŷġͻˡȥ
ޣȻⶼˡ
Ȼ˹˵Ӫаͻˣֵǳ
һ꣬ġͻˡЦȻαװһѸȥ
޺ѶԸ
ԶԶ뿪˹˵Ӫأһϻͻ׵ʿ
׶ԸܳƵࣿҲòźүıô󶯸ɸˡ
ԪժͷЦ
Ƿˮйͨȥǿܺʲôջ񣡡
һĴЩʵ
ͻ˺˹˵϶αװͻ͵Ϯ˹أ뷨Ѿ൱ˣ˭Ԥϵõ޾Ȼڴаͻ٣Ȼ˵ֶԤϡ
öԴ˽Ĵʿоļ֣Ķֽ֣̲סͷƤ飬ƺһһԤ֮СʱͻȻܵԼҵĺүжˡ
ʲôùү°ܽѣܱȺү
ԪЦʿĵģ˿Ϊ⡣
߰ɣǵѾɣͽӰˡ
գһȺѸٵԶȥ˹ǵĴӪء
䣡
ڳԪȥƬ̣һ࣬ͻ˵Ӫأͬһɧҡ
࣡ոյϢαװͻˣ͵ϮǵӪء
˹˵˧Ӫ⣬һͻȻҴҵĴ˽
󽫾ǵӪܵϮαװ˹͵Ϯǡ
Ƭ֮һͻ˸Ŵ˽
Ϣһǰһȫ㼯˴޵С
Ӫһ˲䣬ء˼жç֧˵Ŀȫ㼯˴ϡʼţڶԷӪػలʿ˻ЩΪȻڿǴǰţѾ֡
һ룬αװ˹˻ͻ˴˵ŹĿ׼˭Ԥϵõ
˼ˣ
һԣ˼ڵ
ֱһ̣ķλ˹ص۹ϵĴࡣ
ֻЦ΢üͷ¶˼ɫ
࣬ôˣ
غͶç֧оʲôͬʱڵ޵ķӦȫ˶жʤӡ
˵
üͷ΢΢
ֻпʼĵһжһ̹ȻһЦλԸǣǵĿףϮͻˣִͻ˵ĿϮǣȻȫˣǽ飬ҷķˡ
˼ЩٶѵֻΪԻǣֶΣ
˼
ϾͻʺĶ֮һһ˵˼Ҳ롣
ʱûа취ȷҸҿ϶ǣԲȫֶΣȻȡжһĺСֻҵڶ벻ףͻµķ
޵ü͸һŨŨɻ
ڴӪ⣬˴ҪϢĿ֣ܡÿһڸ޶ͻ˵ʿͻǱߵĲͬˡ
ĽʧѾ˵⡣
ڵͻʺ˹ӪѾ޾ӪˮйͨǿϲκεǣҹϮͲ࣬ǿϾѰ·
ȫ벻ͨ彫γУݹԼɭϵķ£ɹͻơ
Ӫﾲĵģ˶˳˼֮С
ǺǣƣҵĹǽݣùˣǵҲóˣҲҲһϲɣ
ͻȻ̧ͷԶ¶һ˿Цݡ
ǣ࣡
ػع΢΢ܿȥ
ʱȥڻ뿪Ӫʣʱһ࣬˹Ӫصıࡣ
أ
һǺ쳹ҹգںڰƮԶ
Щи飬֪Լͬ顣ⳡսɱǳɽɺж٣
ֺֹЩǣЩ˵ĳ̫ˡǺͻʼʮˣһսͱɱ࣬Ҫ֪Щ˿ɶǾ񰡣
ҹһ˽һʮ׵ĸڲԶ˹ʿȫװһ
ףΪʲôЩ˿԰Ѽʮʳ赲˹ˡ
ǸƵͳ˧ʵ̫ˣս˰ɣ³ͻ˵Ĵ󽫾ֻ֣ѾˣʧҪء
ǳҵս˶̲סһĶ
˹˴ų֮ҲҪ˭ССһ˹֮ǣۼ̫̫ľӣһǾֶľĳ󹥻ǰ˹ˣҲ̲סĺ¡
ɳɳ
˽̸ʱͻȻһĸоӸ˻һ飬ͻȻ͵Ļعͷ
˭
һһεĵطХĹâ˶ڻпһ޴ɫӰӸ߸ߵ»߹

ͻ˵ľǣ
˻࿴һۣΡ£Ƶλͳ˧ϲҹϮʱڣѾξˣζǴαװϢڶ̲סЩӰˡ
˶ڸʲô
εʱͻȻһ߳ҹһ׳˶˹佫ͻȻ˫ˣ絶ƽ
ȥѲ飬ʣ
ǣ
һæҴȥʧҹɫС
ҹעǸ֮ҹ

ϰϰҹɫԽԽǺ䡣
и£˹֮ǰĸ֮ǽߣĻȼţҹգںڰҫۡѵĹâںڰҫһƬشΪʮԮͳаػϡ
գ
ҹžͻȻһ󼱴ٵڵڶ⣬̳Ӱսڵĵطٿ


932 ϵУ
ʲôˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һȣԭƿһ˵ĵڶ֮Ǻ˲ðӰ죬һܼŷɥĴƳѸٳ˸֮ǽļأҹɫ˸ĺâ
ס֣Լˣ
ܺүȥԸ˹ˡɣڻ
ԶԶĴһ
ŶջΣ
ڶ֮ǺĴƽʵԻࡣϣүȷʵȥ͵Ϯ˹ˡ
Ǹ̫Ǹû͵Ϯ˼ΣȫʧˡԻ
µսŻٶȣȴûͣ
ǵҲǣ˹ǸȷʵԪǶʧˣοǡ
ҡҷ֮ǺĴƽһԤϵ
үһлǰһ洦±ͽɣ
ף
˵ͷѸŸ߶
ʮʮ
ԽԽھڶ߻жʮಽʱͻ𡪡

𶯣һִ֧֧ͻȻûȶ˷Ӧۣʮڰвġͱһݴľ׮սϵϣս˻ͻһĻ˶ˡ
Ǹʲô
洫һŭӵȫԼɱһĻסˡ
װ𣿡
ʱ򣬻ҫ£ƽŽʣͻȻڸ֮ǿ϶
үܹɳ֧ӣǰ֧ӶѾ֧ӹûзʧܹҲѡģЩڣ˹أˣ
󼸸֣һһ٣͸󳰷
ˣ
ôһɲǣġƾӡһƬš漴еţ𾪡ȫΪһƬ춯ص
ɱ
ɵǣ
ɱЩˣ

ǽ⣬ԭ롰𾪡ĴƾӣͻȻ֮¶˱Ŀһ˹Ľɱֱʡ䣬һƥƥս۵糸Ȼŵڶ߳˹
սͬʱЩ˹صľѸ̽óһ׼õĺشܡ
ɱ
ȥеαװЩ˹һţͻȻǿҵɱŸڵˣرǴƳλõ

һ˹ֻһ׼ɱЧ֧˹ؾӵǰһ˹佫Ϣ죬һģһɷ籩͵ıһԼݺݵɡ
壡
˹ص佫һŵٶȣһȣŵڶ߳˹ȥͻȻľٶ˵ע⡣

һȣһг˹佫ȥȻֻһս˻صĵڵϡ˹佫ȴս֮ǰϷԾһݣԾ˵ٶؿռ䣬ѸٵĳڵڶߵĿյ
һɲǣ¯ͻҫճһŵ䣬ףǻɣҰȴǺͻɣҰһʥ侳ǿߡ
Сģ
֮ǵȱڴƽ췢һȣĽʿĹ˹صʥ侳ǿߺ˹ȥʥ侳˹佫û˵Ĺһ䣬ֱһ󳵵ķȥ
䣡
â𵴣һεĹᴩգ㼯˹ž¡ϵɣȭͷϣ͵һȭһ˶ĳ档ֻ¡һ𵴣һӲӴĳ˲ķѣգɢһء
ָоֽһ
ǣϽٵǵĳ󣡡
ɣŭ쳹ҹգһȻٵһ֮󣬺ԥڶ󳵣ȫ˵ĹΪž¡ϵĺɣ书ûдﵽɣҰ׼𣬲ɣ书ҲĿ¡
ɣҰҲ̫࣡
һδԸˣȻϿΥһУʵȴ˸ɣž¡£̷ߵġһ·ϣһֱڽ档
ƵĳӲޱȣҿάޣֻнϵǿ߲ܳ׵Ļǣ޷άޣҲǴμҹϮԭ
˹Ĵƾӣڸƣۼ˲ٵĶƽʱܸϹǰɣҲʱȣɣҪٶȻٵЩ
ҹϮڡĻʮĴʿɱٸһǧʿ壬ֻǱˮнѡ
𣡡
ɱ
˰ɣͷ˹׷ðŸֹǿгƵڶߡû˲սе˶ĿȷһߣֱƷߺһܼܳȥ䣬һ˹ʿһܳԱߣһȭ£˲佫һ߳ͬҵķѡ
Ϯ
쳹ҹգһĴսʿ˷ӵѡʱ͵ϮЧڴʱֳˣ˹֮ӵʮƾӣʱ˿̾˶˳˯֮УΪܵĴս׼ڸϹʿࡣ
ˣʱ˿ܵٻ˷ӵĴǰ͵Ϯ˹ˣȻҪĶࡣһͬ˰ӿĵ⽣Ӱڻ˸
죡
ɣĴ쳹ڶߡ˹ﲻϵĴߵĻڣŴ˵Ĺһܼܳ󡣰ɣδʿ˹صʿЩÿӵнϵȻÿ˵ǿͬڶԸЩƳ棬ȴܷӳƻЧ
飡
һߣߣߡ̶ʱڣʮܴƳ˰ɣУһ࣬ǧƵ˹Էֳ飬һ֧Բܣ˵Ĺһ֧ȫߺĴƳ
ȻЩ˵ʵԶԶȲϰɣʤڶ̶࣬ʱڣ߰ʮܴƳķѣգһܼܳƬΧ
һټܣټܡ֧˹صľȻʱ伫̣ΪĿȷ̶ʱڣٻٵټܴƳ󣬶ֻܹǧܳĴƾ˵ⲻò˵һ޴ʧʧ
˹ҲΪ˸˾޴Ĵۡ

һĲҽڶôƬ̵ʱ䣬һǧ˹صľ˵ڶߺ˷ӿĴʿʵ̫̫ˣÿһ˹ͬʱʿĹЩȫǾ񣬲ÿϣףȻԵֵôĹ
ۣһ͸Щ˹˵׷϶ǰش룬شѪЩ˹Բ۾ͷ죬صĵ˵ϣǵѪ˳壬µĴأȾ棬ŨѪѪζڿм
ֻǶ̶ʱڣ֧˹ҹϮѾ˹룬ǰɣں


933 ϵУģ
̫ˣ
ɣʱֻĵ˷ܣӹȥڣôƬ̵ʱ䣬ѾٵټܴƵĳջֱҪ֪һ֧󲿶ӣŵսϣһ֣׾ܴݻǧ˹ʱսϷɱֱ
ջ񣬾иܹȫٵƵĳ󣬾ﶼ޹ؽҪ
ɣаЩȥк
ҹϮȥ޻صðжǽңҲ֮УؼģûдսĿꡣ
׼
ΧѾԽԽ࣬ÿһܳԱ߶ۼ˴ַ£Ҫ֣Ѿǳˣɣԥ´˳˵䣬һ˸ɣ͵ĳ嵽ʮ⣬ʥ侳Ľɫ͵һըһҽУʮȫװĴʿʱ߷ݰ㣬ȫɣɳȥڰоѾǿѪˡ
ߣ
ɣعͷȺ˹еЩ͵һݣһһƥƵսȥսŶڶķȥ
ɣĿԶ˹ŶĸͳǧѾ˳ǧ׼۷弶ĴڣҲƾӵĶս֮һɣĿǰĶ֡㰢ɣսҲòӾˡ
ɣӦܿ죬ϣһս˻ɣƥսԾȥӵڶߵĻڣݶ
Ҫȫٺ󳷣
ɣĺ쳹սսĳɹеĻҪһ͵ϮܹٵټܳΣƵĳ󲿶ӻϾͿԳʧˡֻҪشӪأж͵Բɹ
ݣ
ɣ˫һУʹȫʥ侳µսڣһһԾ˵ٶںҹбۡʮɣʮɣֻһգۣɣսӵڶ߱ʮףۿžҪ׵ӳȥʱ򣬰ɣͻȻһӰ
Ӱݳվƺ˺ܾãҹ紵˳裬¶һɵݣ˳ᢣƿȫֵζҪǣڿ˵ɲǣɣͻȻֵĸоͺԷѾϵ·ߣ
ʲôˣ
ɣƤһ̲סȳ
Ǻǣɱˣ
ҹдһЦޱȡ䣬ɣûӦʱͻ𣬾ݳӰ˫磬ͻȻһһ죬һһ£ںҹԵùޱȣʯ䣬ɣɫ䣬ͻȻһǿҵΣոС
겧ȭ
û˿ԥɣ˲ʹԼǿľѧһɺ嫵Ľϱɣӳĵͬһ㣬һɲǰɣϢգѳȣΪһڽġ̫̫УȻԳһ޴ΡȻɽ
겧ɽ
˹ص۹ħĸɽͬʱҲǴ˵˹񻰴ħĸϵ˲ͬ˹ž¡ϵˣŷħ֮ĸĴħĸɣ겧ȭž¡ϵĶѧ֮һ
¡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ڵҹУɣһͬһȼյ̫㣬ǰĳǵӰȥڴͬʱɣҲһ󵭵Ц
컯
¡ʯ䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬˵ĿУӰھƵڶʮҹУصײһһɲǣʱռžеһж·ֹ󣬿ƺƣϯķʮನڸǽײľ졣
ⳡĴսļңҲΪɴֻ࣬һգۣⳡʥ侳Ĵս
˵ĿУһ£վڵϣһֻƣǯһεס˰ɣĲӡλ˹ص۹ž¡ϵĺһֻѼӰ㣬˫أƿиѲáڴ컯£ԴԴϵʥ侳ӿȣڡ
Ϣĵһʵⲿӿʥ侳£ɣǱߣǱ˳һʵƵƤ㣬ϵص䣬ԭͬƤһ㣬ϵήɿݡ
аа
ɣ˫۴־ޱȡһսη壬ҲӲˣսɳҲڣǰϵһУѾȫԽ˳޷õȥ͡ʣֲа
ֻһЦͶûС
̫ˣ
˵仰嵭ȻһЦֶ˰ɣĲӡеĹȫһƲһеõɣʵˮǴߣٴαһء
ʥ侳أǲΪٻɳһԱ׼еĽ
ڵʵǶĴ󽫣ħ񶼲ҪʹãͿ׽ԷնɱһɣԶԶĶ֡
ү
建չʱһ󼱴ٵѸٵĿ֪һѸٴ嵽ǰ
ôˣ
һ̧ͷʵ
ܹɱǧˣͳͳˡһ˹˺ܲһʵǳǿ󣬴￴˳׼ǺүǰǣǿҪʧء
֪
壬֪ԵֹԺʱ˶ÿ˶ڴδɳϲսɳϺ岢սʱ֪ĸожôôΧЩ˹ˣŽɱǧˣ˲١
ǰ׼ʶǣֻ´ƲʧأеĳѾٴ˹˻ȫˡ
ʹּĴｻ֣㾡ȫܶһ˿һĴ⣬ֻ֪ԶԿģ˹ĴƾӣҲֻԺˣԵסĹһѹס
үֹԺд˵ĻҪǿ󰡣
֪ͷԵ
ܺãߵľͲعˣѦǧ׷ʿɡ
嵭
⣬ҵǱôˣ
غүѾ˳Ǳˡ˹ǱڻûжӦǻûз֡ʱҲӦ÷ˣ
֪
εҹϮ֪ԪӰ˽ֻϵڻնҵľӲĹ
¡
֪䣬ƺӦԶԶģ˹صӪͻȻһ޴ıըһƬգҹлΪ޾̻˵ע⡣
жˣ
֪һʶĿڵԶġ̻𡱣ĳźţԭĵ˹Ӫأ˲һƬɧɱ춯ءҹﲻ֪˹˳š̻ĵط˹ȥ
ޣ㻹һа
忴Զ΢΢һЦ漴Ťͷͷ
֪ȥ߳²ãʼжɡ
ǣү
֪ɶȥܿʧںҹ֮СʧãণһļХڰУһ޴ʯ鷭ţҹлһ޴Ļߣ˹˵Ӫ˹ȥһͶʯľʯ׵ƿⳡҹϮĴĻ
Զžʯ¡ص˹ӪһƬҡ


934 ϵУ壩
ô£ʲô
ɱԶ˧ӪУ޻վıɫ
͵ϮƳĲѾɳȥˣǱߵ˻ûйɻԼҵĺԺͳˡ޲ǣѾôలţѾ˺ɱôĻ⣬ǵΪֹȴʼûд
ڴ޵İУǾԲֵܳģ
࣡Ϯ˷ˣ
һɫŵ˹ʿҴҵĴ˽
أǲΪʲôڻûϢرڱǱߣѵڱǱҲûһ㷴Ӧ𣿡
޳ܵĸо˲
ش࣡Ǹ֪ԷҲ֪ԷķӪһƬңֻ֪˷˹֪Է
˹ʿһ
ʲô
ɫһ䣬˵͵һƿӣӪ˳ȥ󣬶ç֧ͻһ˳ȥ

ХһƻǱҹո߳ӪʵĴ޺ͻǰֻһڿУХ޺ͻ̧ͷһ۾Ϳһģľ޴ӰͷϷӹ¡һҵӪС
ҽһܵ𣬱޴ʯУ͵رըɢ̻
Ͷʯ
Ժһͷɫʱѿޱȡ
ô£ǲѾѴӪغ󳷣ͶʯĹΧΪʲô˵ͶʯͶôԶǺ󷽵Ӫأ
һӶߴç֧Ҳʱߵ˴Ҳ࣬ɫޱȡ
ս˶˴ƸͶʯ˹˺ʹʳ˵ͶʯǱƵĸͶʯݻ٣Ӫʱ򣬴һУٲָ⣬˳ϵıͶʯ֮⡣
԰ټƵľ޴ʯܼ꣬ͣغΧ鼰˹Ӫء
ΪǰͶʯǰˣ
޿ڵе˿ڵõ֤ʵһֱʱ򣬲¶ֶΡ
˹֮ϵĸͶʯҲģȫԿ϶彫ЩͶʯ˹֮ǣҽЩͶʯǰƣᵽ˾ؼԶĵطΨˣЩͶʯпܹ˹صӪء
ͶʯӪǺױݻٵģǺҹɫȴΪЩӪصͶʯṩõڻ޶û뵽дһС
һɲǣͻȻΪʲôôöûʿرϢˡ
ڱڱأΪʲô֣ûκεϢ
ͶʯʯȻƺƴ󣬵ʵСʵʵɱǳޣֻǿͶʯĹ˹ش˻Ҷ˶ˣ֪ЩͶʯĿģǽֻڻѣĳһ֧ѾǱ˴
ǣѾȫ׼ܵȻѾյϢ޵Ϊֹ֪ʲô⡣
ش࣬ǰûзֵ٣
ش࣬ǰûзֵ٣
ش࣬ǰûзֵ٣

ϵϢǰĸڴ֮У޽Ϣϵɷã˴㵵ǣӪѾһƬңҽڶǰĸڴϢȴûзκεĴ
ôܣ
ĴĻ⣬غͶç֧ûʮ֤ݣƾ󽫵ֱ˺ʹ޶ӵͬĸоһ֧ƵľӻԼӪ֮С
ǰڴϢȴȫ׼

ҽ˷ҹȫ޷ǵͶʯĴıǰҲӢ֮ء
࣡ȥ鿴һ£
һԣͻȻڵδ䣬ͻȻݶ˸Ӧ
࣬Ҳȥ鿴һ¡
Ƭ֮ç֧ͬݶѡһѸʧںҹֹΪĵ۹󽫣ȻıԣȻԼķȥ
ʥ۷ĵ۹󽫣ǽӪѲһ飬ʱҲԲ̫
࣡Ҫҳ𣿡
һ˼߳ӪʣҲӺ˹ûжע⣬ԣһͻʵĴϢ뿪ʧһ
һδƵķѷǳͻأֶηǳö˼òԼľӡԸոմ޵˴˧Ӫʱ򣬶˼һֱڵȴϢǴӽιĿѡ˹ˣͻ˵ò˵һϢ
ˣ
޺ԥľܾˣغͶç֧ȥ͹ˣɳȥʱʲôʣȫûӦ֮
ˣκεطֻҪܵͨͨһ㱨
δ䣬ڶ˼΢΢ĿУͻȻףһָѸڵϻһͼ˼ֻһۣ˳
˹Ӫͼ

ˣϮ
󽫾˿ȥ֧Ԯ

˹жεĳӪغ󣬴һƬңһ󾪺ĴУʮ˹صսʿҵŸڴʿ
ʲô
£һ˹սʿȫ䱸ӥһɨΧɫһ䣬Ťͷ

Ϊ׵˹ͷָһǡڴʱХһ޴ʯ͵׹¡ľУ죬ҽڶ

ϸ룬Ϊ׵˹佫͵ĳһټΧʿʿ䣬ʯ׹ĵطȥȻɲǣۣһĽͻȻ̴˹佫壬Ľӱ˳
˹佫Ϻİʳ۹ıֿܹסһǰֽһ
ʱһ̷·ֹˣ˷£˹սʿŭӣȫһĻסˡ
ˣ
쵰ǾȻҶԴ˶֣
ɱǣ

˭Ҳû뵽ոܹټȥԮġͬ塱ȻԼ֡ɲǼ䣬ϣĵ˳׷׶׼˶Ⱥͬ塱һŭХţȥ
ʱ˿̣𾪵Ļݴ˹佫һ̫ͻȻˣûһ˿׼
㡭Ǹǵˣ
ʱ̣ѵģ˹佫𾪡㵣ģǼȷŭ
¡
ʯ䣬ڳݴɲǣһɰɽ˹佫ںɨܴʱ˿̣˹佫ǿʵȻڡ
ȥɣ˹佫ӹһĨĺâҲҪ汳
Ȼ˹佫ĴһӭӵֻһǿӰĽһɽͰ㣬ֻһͣͽ˹佫ͷն
ɱǣ
ƲһɱԷ˹佫ûһۡʵбȣԸ˹佫ʵ̫ײˡ


935 ҹսһ
䣡
ŻƲһ£ʮ˹սʿð׹⣬İγһޱȵȸֳŶ˹ɱȥֻͣѪ֣Щʿȫһ֮У߷ߵڽ¡֮ɱһ˹ˣһҲֻдƵˣ˹ϵİڷȸֳǰ׷ȻƲĴʿ٣ȴĬʵӸǿװҲӵ
ֻգۼ䣬˹˷׷׵˵ϣʬܹμⳡҹϮĶǾеľⳡսıеĻҪö࣬Ƭ֮󣬳˻Ʋʮʿ֮⣬Ѿûվŵ˹ˡ
ߣ
Ʋ쿴һΧճû˿ԥһȺαװ˹˵Ĵƾͣ㣬һȥ
˹˵ķӦԶҪö࣬дͶʯΪڻ԰ټƵľ޴ʯϵ˹صӪƬɧңǸΧսѸΧ˹ӿһһ󣬺ɱ춯ء
ϮϮ
ȥ֧Ԯ
ˣһˣȥɱǣ

ܼĽŲѸٽӽûЩ˸ϹƲѾһ뿪Ƿѵִ̫٣ս̫죬ټһȺ˸սһȺ˸ϵʱ򿴵ֻʬ
˶ҸϣҪӣǵúү֮ǰĻ޷ǳҾڼ㣬ǹһѸټǵλãԾԲҪһطͣ
Ʋ
εжҵΪף˶ף˾ԲҵԶھӪ塣
ף
˷׷׺Ӧ
ⳡ˹˵ҹϮжеڣ˹Ѿ뼫䱻¾޶֪Ѿȫƿ֮УսĽ֮࣬ǰ𹥣ʵԹԼ޵ļȫ֮У¾޶֪ⳡսѾˡ
ɱ
Ƭ֮һ춯صĺɱٴֻһѾǾǧɿһطĵĻͻ֣ᷢƲÿιĵطѡÿһĵص㶼Զ̺ĳֹɡ
Ӹߵո£ͻᷢ˹Ӫغɱһһÿһĳϵ˴֮以Ӧ
ͬʱ󷽣˹˵˧ӪԴ޸ףϥأһ޳ָϵػţüͷ壬촽΢֮һĨһĨâϵӸոյڣеϢ˷ϵػ㼯ÿһϢÿһصϮ޶ڵӪطֲͼǡ
Ӫطֲͼϣ˿飬ǡЩǻڲϵӡ
ްһԺȴٵļšʱ򣬾Ǵ󽫶˼վûдš
չֳǶڶ˼˵൱˵ġĽǶ΢ʵȫһͨ˸ɽֹȫѼĸѶȡ
Ǹı΢΢ıȴǾԵġǸıԵ޺ʾĴ󽫡
ҵˣ
ͻȻһĨĹâӴбţ͵̧ͷüͷڳ׵չ
ˣѻɣҰйǰ
ϣ͵ذγϵĳһĲӪطֲͼĶǡ
壡СˣһֻԶûн
ХվӪǰȫԣ˫֮бĹâڻѾжϳļıʮСΪ𹥣ĴϮţϵԻжϣʵڶǵλãжϣҹϮһ൱ûּʵҹϮ
ܹͳЩģҲֻǸҵĴͽˡ
ֻҪɣҰ³ɹȥͿ԰ǵҹϮһ򾡣׸д˹ⳡսеı档
ɣҰסǰԲǷ֣ǵĺ·Ҫ㽫ǳ׵һ򾡡
ҹһӰڴǰǰĻɣҰһ͵ذϵĳڵϵӪطֲͼϣһ˵Sεߡ
ף
ɣҰͷһۣѸٵתʧںڰ֮С
࣡Ҳȥɣ
һۻͻȻ˼ǰ̤һҲͻȻڵ
ţ
ԥһ£ܿ˵ͷһ֣˹ѾʧȥȻֶֻΣпܷΪʤתս֡
ݣâһ˼Ѹٵʧںҹ֮С

ҹɫԱ˹غͻʵĵ۹ʧںҹУ³ͻɣҰ뿪ڤڤһεɱͬſһŴŴҹϮľӷ˹ȥ
޵ǻԶͨĻҪԴȣûκε֤ݱǵӪܵģϮҲûκεϢݹǴ޵жȷģʱ˿̵˹ضӪأ⽣ӰܣһƬҵս
ϸȥͻᷢŨ̹ǧƵ˹սʿʬˣ鲼ءƬӪص룬һ֧ǧ˵ľƾȫ˹˵ףһսݺ۳ңﷴɱ
֮е˹սʿ׷ܲһ㵹¡佫иʿ٣кϢйص˹ʿȫصĹԾսңģӴ󣬵ϢȴʼûܹʱĴݳȥ
Һʮ֮ʿȫˣ
룬ҵ쳹գδ䣬ҵ˫Ǳһ˶ߵȸ־޽͵һ˹ȥ¡һ춯صľ죬һʮɳĻֺ뽣ޱȣ͵ػգص˶飬˹С

ĲҽУըʮ˹˴߷ݰ㣬߿գ˹ֱӱҵĽնϣѪʮɷԲҵֶǿǰ˹νľ̫̫ˡ
ɱ
ҹﺰɱ죬˹شӸӿһ֧ӾҵʮطʧԶĺҹУһ֧ҵ֧Ѿսɱ˹ش˫͵Ļɱ
ҵ֧ϴŵ˹ؿ׷˹ؼãڰУ˹ֻɱȴֲҡ˹ԭҪСϣǿԱǴ޴֧˹شȫǾеľͨ˹Ҫߴ˶ܶ࣬Ϻͺûʲô𣬽ϸ޷жϡ
˹еĸԭ죬ҹɫиֲڴƵľӱĹâӳ䣬ҲԳһɡԭ족
£˹˸޷жϵоѾһƬҡ


936 ҹս
һ·ʤ񣬵ҵû˿ķɣɫӵغͽš
סҹϮʹ޽֣Բ˿иͶʯĹڻ˹˵ףҷֳʮСĴɧţԻǵжϣԴ޵ҲӲ̫áο˹˺ͻڻԱ󽫣һʱ䣬һҪˣ˿ԥս
ҹХҵԺлȴж֮ǰԼ˵Ƿ
ֹУʹֶı֣ÿһÿһĲ𶼿ζŽȻͬĽǻۺıԵĽͬ￴̣Ҳûмҵĵ⽣ӰΣճ̶ȴй֮޲
Ľʤʧܣ඼һˣ߼ʮϰˣıϵĽȴǧˣˣʮϰ˵κԱġ
ⳡǻıԽĶսУҵ佫Բ֣ľʵĹִ᳹ÿһ;
ϣ
ս˻ҵŴ˹Ӫݺ۳ңɱ̶ʱһһǧƵ˹սʿڴƵ¡ȻսҵʱҵһգͻȻԥ´

һȣǧƵҹϮͬɢ˹ӪظͬطĶʮСӣͺǰоʲôһ͵һͻȻ볯ŴƵڶߵķɱȥ
ⷬٶͻں󷽵˹ȫľһ˵
׷
Ƭ֮ЩڷӦ׷β׷˹ȥ
иͣ
ȻԶҵ˾ͷ·Ԥϣһиͣɱǹ˲佫Щβɱ˹ɱ䣬żŴƵӪɳȥ
¡
ҵȥ󲻾ã̳һ֧ϵĿ׳ֽɫӻ̤
һ
ɣҰݺݵȭͷƾ˵ķݶҧˡմ޵İţѾػؼٳЩ˾ͺǰԤϵһȳˡûɣҰоͺһȭ˿մܲѡ
ˣô죿
һԣһ³ʵ
ɣҰû˵¶˳˼մ޵İţӦǺ͵оսʣ޵ļƫҪԼ
ˣ
ڳ˼ʱͻȻ֮һĸодɣҰ͵ŤͷֻһӴϢٽӽণ˻ûпһĳХѾף˶С
ǡͻʵǴ󽫣
ɣҰͫһʱϳǶ˼Ȼûע⵽ǣһХ֮һͬһһ㣬³ʮĵطѸʧ˺ҹС
ӣ
ԶԶģ˼ŭ
ߣһ׷
ɣҰĿоâһѸ⡣ǧ³۵糸׷ȥ

ô죡ͻʵǴ󽫣
ҹսգһͻȻڵ¶ŵɫ˼˺Զľ붼õҪǣÿ˶ܸо˼Ϸ籩ǿϢͬ׵һ㣬ڳ˵ķǰ
ٶȣֻƬ̣˼Ѹٵ׷һĵ۹󽫴֮У˵һĿѡ
صģ
ҵֻһЦɫԵ÷ǳݣ
һкүԤϣҰƻ£
δ䣬ҵ͵һǰȥ

ߣӵ𣿡
󷽣Ũصҹɫ֮У˼ŸߴͻԣԾ˵ٶ׷бȵĹâϸȥ͸¶ŭ
˼ǽڻɣҰģǺͻɣҰǲͬ˼Ҫػأֱתȥ󽫼ʵӦûһϵʵȴȻ෴ڶ˼˹˧ӪʳֻԼӪػ죬Ͷʯ֪ʲôʱ򣬽ͻӪΪĿ꣬ϢӶϵشݵС
յ˹˹ԼӪصϢߵ˻
˼ȻȥԸЩҹϮˣյϢܵȻ֮ȻϵʱеͶʯͻȻȫʧԭܼĸ漱Ϣһ˲ʧ٣ֻͻ˺˹˳ͻϢ
ö˼ʱֱŪĸо
˼Ϊͻʺĵ۹֮һûֳܵ裬Ҳŭ׷ɱԭ
ӵֻ·һ
˼ϵɱ糱ƺƵֱʣڶ˼˵Ҫ֧ǧ˵Ĵƾӣֱ練ơڶ˼ǰ׷ʱǰͻû˿ףǰǧͻȻްһɢ

һĻ˼͵һϣû뵽ҹϮƾʹַʽΪ㣬˷ܡԭһĿ꣬˲ǧ¶˼Ĵ󽫣Ҳס˲ëȻĸо

˼ݺݵȭͷ˶ҪˣɲǼ䣬Ȼֲ֪ѡĸоܿ죬˼Ŀкһ˲ѡǰһߴӰ
ɱ㣬ɱˣ
˼͵һѸǰҵҵ̫ΰ׳˶׶߼ʹʵںҹҲۣս˼Ѿסλ죬ܹɵֳ־޽Ĵ죬һԸɾ޴Ĵˡ
ɣ
һȣ˼Ȼڿնһ˲ʩչԶԶȥ˼һǰڿնԼ侪˵ٶȳҵ׷ȥҵ죬Ǵ󽫶˼ֶĵ۹ǰȻž޴Ĳࡣ
¡
˼˻ûе־һɲǼһʮɳĻֺ뽣һǿǰҵҲμ穣Ȼʧɫ
ã
ҵźѪоǹжʱһһɲǣҵͻȻоһǿҵϢѾھˣû뵽˼ֶαԤϵĻҪһķâٶȣȻ޿ɱܡ
ȻҵкȻĿʱҹͻȻһ󵭵͸һɼζ
Ǵ󽫾Ѿʱˣ
δ䣬һӴ޵УѸٵıûҵӦһʥ侳۷Ŀֲ˲ӹҵײ˺󷽵Ķ˼
¡
ֻһ춯ص޾ĹâͽžҵĿ磬˷ɨλĵ۹ƬҰ֮ҵײһֺ˵ƣҵΪ֮ľ
֥
ʯ䣬ҵԺӹһͷܹһ֮Կ˼ֶĵ۹󽫿Ҳֻи֥ˡ
㣡
˼ͫһŶͻȻֵǵӰͫбĵ⡣


937 ҹս
ֵ֥ʱ̫ɺˣӹȥڣö˼ִĸоȻÿεĶֶһ˼ÿһ¼ͬһ
ֻҪǸӰ˼о̲סꡣ
ǻֽۣȻͬһķʽţⳡУ˼Ǵ·硣
˼ôҲͻʵٹɽĶ֮һô׷ɱһ佫ʧ𣿡
֥վںҹУһֳֽ͸󳰷
֥ҲŪ࣬Ȼ㶼ˣҲ׷սټ
˼ǿеɱ⣬ݺݵĿ˶һۣѸٴȥ
۹֮ս۾޴󣬶Һʱ־ãȻ֥˼ҲףһѾûսȥıҪ˿սѸٵʧҹС
֥ǺЦվҲûôŶ˼ʧԶ
ˣˣǱɳĴ󽫣ȻǶ˼
ڶ˼뿪󲻾ãһĸǧȫףְϵĳӺ󷽴
غͶç֧˹صĴ󽫣ʹǧ˿ƵĹϵǵһһܵ޵Ľƣ˹غͻʵ֮Уܹ׷ģҲֻһ˼ˡ
֥΢΢Ц֥Ǽı󽫣ڱսϣź֮ܶȻҲˣ֥ҲԽϧĸо
ڸ֥˵ֱ֪ˣ󶼻ݽļǿǿ֣ĸֿԶڵӡ
߰ɣ뿪ӪأѾ㹻ʱͻᣬʳǱҲӦѾ𹥻ˡ
֥΢΢һЦδ䣬ת˹ǵһȥ
֮ȡ֮ֻ赲˼ѡҪϹҪȸնԶĵ
һ࣬ڰɣҰһȺ׵³ĿŸ֥ıӰȻĵĲʣҲòѹ

һ£һȺÿ죬ȥҲ졣

ۣ
֥жϲûдʱǰ׷ݣڸ֥ǰֿ˼ʱһ֧֧Ӻڰÿһ֧˵һߺ¯ͻѡ飬ֻһ΢ıըһɹıâһЩѷ׷Ϩԭ貵ĵһ˲һƬڰ֮С
СģϮ
ڰէ𣬵ڶߺһʿӦݣʿ䣬һ֧綾һ㣬һ䴩ĲĴʿͷ죬Բ۾صĵȥ
ϣ
ɲǼ䣬˸һߺһʿٴУ׷װγϵĳȫ𣬽ŵǽ⡣
ܱأôܶסڣ
ڰУһ𣬴Ƶѵڴ˿̷ӳܲԷжҲԷıֹɣǷߺĴ佫ѸȷķӦɲǼ䣬һƶܱѸڣһ˸ߵضܣصĶ£ڻڴǰ㣬Ѹٰڳ˷̬
ܶԷжˣҲܶԷνڴ˵ֻҪס˻ڣܶԷжͣע޼ƿʩ
ȻƵķӦ죬ڰĶֵķӦȴ졪
ϣ
һԽս˻쳹ҹգҹڰУһ춯صĺɽХڤڤв֪ٵоŵһ߱ݷ֪˶ãֱʱűҵĹ
ɱǣ
˸ҳ壬Υ
ɱЩˣ

¡¡ƺƣҵ˴ǽֻգ֮䣬ǧƵĴʳĿѩɷһ㣬Ӻڰɱ
ۣ
ԶЩʳ֮ǰļ׷Ⱥһ㣬ܼɲǼ䣬֪ٴʿ䵹ڵϡһ꣬ĴʳĹҲŵ䣬ֻ˶Ӻڰи֣֮ƣصײڻڴһ޴ضϣϳصͲضҵײһֳصĽ쳹ڵһϿգ÷·Ҫ˵ĶĤơ
ֻһƺߣضܺĴƶܱɫһףѪȴصһĿȻûһ䣬һ˫صײһ˸ߵĲضϣǵ˫˫
ƥ׳˶ĴʳսصײڴƲضϣôӴײǰҲȫֵס䣬һ죬Ʋ˴ܣ˶ɾײɳȥ󷽵ĴʳѸٵӿ롣
ɱ
һʳĺɱ춯أΪһķʳ˲֪׼ãǰڵļ꣬ǺڵѸޱȣ䣬̶ʱڣ֪ٴʳԽһǽ뵽˴˵֮С
סǣ
𣡡
ֻңƵĽûʧȥ򶨡
ۣ
ԶսΧ֮һ֧֧Ѹ˹ٽԮѸ׼̶ʱڣ԰ټƵĻ˹ͶսڻѵĹâУһʳӰѸٹճ
ϣ
УܵĴʿѸЩʳɱȥûлҡ
ȻûܵԮȥһ벻ı仯ˡ
ݣ
̶ХУһְ׵ҫ۵Ļ⣬һ㣬ԽһߣնһڶƲĲѸڵһߺĴƾ֮з衣ţݵХУһǵڶ̶ʱڣ֪ٵӺڰڷߺĴʿ裬ÿһһʿ˵Ѫ֮УɰǧĻ⣬ֿ׼ѸٵڴƵľ֮һƬѪȵ֮衣
ϣһսʿ͵İνһİɫգ˰еĻ⣬Ȼ󶣵һһۣٶȲûмͣԽӿ죬һʿնȥ͵һ׹Ѫէ֣ôߺʿ͵˵ϣһ
ô
ô£
СģǴʳ䵶ǵĵйŹ֣
һߺ棬ԭĴսʿʱһƬҡЩ׵ҫ۵Ļ⣬̫̫ͻȻǵ̫С̫Էڶ̶ʱڣ޷µĴʿʧء
ǺǣɣƬ½ϣûֿܵסҵ֮
ԶԶģһߣʮĵطһƥ׳սںڰ֮УսϣʳŬս棬¶ЦݡЩʿʱĲҽ˵֡
ɣɣԽ࣬˾Խ࣡
ŬԶ۾΢΢ţҰް˷ܵĹâ
֮ŬҹϮӣҹɫ绢ܷӳڹսУŬ֧ʳҹϮӣ֪նɱ˶ˣ࣬ɱȴˣʹһЩնսŬ֮սɱʮʮֵļ¼еĶ֣Ϊ̸֮ɫ䣬ŷɥԷԮľԽ࣬Խܼ֮ӵԽ


938 ҹսģ
֧ʹõ䵶κεĴʳﶼͬ污ޱȣֻһʳ䵶֮һ񣬵̶ȴй֮޲ҪǣֵûеҪʹķܽȥң䵶ڿǰζɱ侪ˣûа취Ӳӡ
Ŭ֮Ҳ˶ǵĵطѪȺƵĶ֡
ǿĲӣڰսʱ򣬸еӢ֮أΪ䵶̺̣ܶԶԶȲϹ󡢳Ŭ֮ӣĻᶼûУͻᱻɨɾԣŬĲһֱ
ս֪жٴʳﵹƾĵ£ŬԶһУ֪ȴòŵ⸴ʱ̡ЩƵʿͬݰ㵹£Ŭȫÿһϸţ˵ϲá
ŷˣ¶սˣµ޾Ҳʧأһֻ֤Ŭ֮Ųܶ£ʳĲӣЩˣҲֻ䵶£
һΣѡĵضηǳ⣬Զ˹ţһĩβĵضΡǴҪ֧ԮҲҪһʱ䡣
ҽ
ͻȻ֮һԶֿµĹǵľʳ˵Ĺ£ޱı䵶ʵ̫¡ûʲôֹǡ
ԽǹЩ䵶ǵٶȾͻԽ죬ɱԽֲ˵˾Խࡣ
ܵĺڰΪṩ˾ѵڻʹǸӵûӵѷֻг˲õķʽ
ٺ٣ӵ𣿡
ŬȻƵԣֻһЩԭԮʼ⳷Ѿס
ҪҲÿͬͬ⣡
Ŭһ˿̵ɫһӣһ̣ݣļХУһ֧֧ٴδԶԶЩƻĵĵطȥۣȥһʱٴ֮Ϩ𣬺ڰҲ˲併١
ݣһ̶Хһҫ۵ĻԾ˵ٶȣѸٽ١ڰ֮У涫ֻһĲҽɲǼʱʮʿ׷׵ء
ɵǣ
ŬСĻ֮Ŭ׼編ƣٴһƬȷѪʱһ벻ıʷˡ
䣡
ͻȻһ춯صľ죬ͷϴŬһֻڰһ޴ʯа˶ߣڿмķţʯһ㣬Լķ
ô£
ŬͫһɫˣȻûӦǿ޴ʯѾݺ䣬ҵıըУںڰе֮ܶĲҽһ˴ҳࡣҵıըʯǽʮΧ֮ɳȥ
ͻȻ
̫ͻȻˣ
ŬôҲû뵽⵽ʼϲĹȻЩԶûн䣬޴ʯһһ飬籩һ֮ӶͶʯĹ֮С
ô飿
һ˵֮Ŭˡ
ˣˣ
ŬĴʳںڰдԶһ̷ѾԶԶ֪ͶʯȱݾǾ׼̫ƫܴﵽף󡣵ںҹ٣ʲôԷȴԿͶʯ׼ĹԼ
֮ӵ䵶ַʽĹóֻѡˡ
ϣս˻һƬţԭھϷ֮ӣڴͶʯ깥£˲һƬңһòתͷæȥ
ߣжͣ
Ŭۿĵط²վһ߸ߴĸͶʯϣЦЩͶʯȫ֮ĸ죬ʮ׵ּܣͶøԶҪǣǵĵȫ˾޴ĸ֣ʹǾ߱սһ̶ȵĻԡ
ңҺݺݵңʮ̶ȣ
Ϊ˾Ϳɣ
²Ц񣬳˹е;УԶġ²ôСɽг츳һ˫ڳˣֻͿԱԷľλãŬĹùͨˣȴ
һŰ˶ߵʯͶʯļӳ֣Ӹ߿Ŭ֮Ҳܲ𡣱ͶʯͶʯУϱɡҹɫֹΪŬṩڻҲΪ²õͶʯṩڻ
ȵŬ֮ӷֵʱЩ׹ľ޴ʯѾԼԶˣҪҲ
䣡
ܼıըںҹвŬ֮ȫ˱֮С
ı䣬̶ȵʮЩҲ빥ķΧ
²ֱһӣٴ
˫ֹŬ֮ӣͬҲЩʳֵķλȻЩ׼ĲˣЩ¯ͻѣɵ˺һҲŬ١
䣬ԶԶأһըĲҽӴʳ˵Ӫش²õͶʯ깥ٴνԷĹֲӣƵòֻ̺ˡ
ণ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ̶ļХ˹ڴХңҲεĺڼսУ׾ͱڸǣ²Хȴ¶һ˿Цݡ
ˣһѵˣͺøͶʯ̷سУ
²õ
ǴˣЩǵĴʳ˲ù𣿡
һ²õʿ
ˣûХǵѾɣڽ飬үѾ֣Щʳˡˣ
²úٺһЦ¶һ˿Цݡ
ںүӲɣȻү֣أôѶЩ˱ɡ
߰ɣ
¡¡ĸУһܼܾ޴ĸͶʯڹ̳Ѹ˹֮ǶȥΧǧƻսʿ


ŬŭգζҪըˡ֮ڼͶʯĹ£ʹң䣬Ѿȫûԡ
Ͻϣ
½սôãŬ֮Ӳ֪ɱ˶ٶ֣ʬɽѪĳɾͣ˽յȴû˱顣
ûܰǱƵֵزɱÿһˣҪôƸʮ˸ᣡ
ڰУŬѸ£ԼĲӣ¼ϡ
гرдʳеԭ
Ŭ׼ɱǹٴζֵʱͻ𡪡
ݣâһһ֧ȼյĻգͻȻŬǰĵϡ΢Ļ⣬һ֮սʿ㵵ӳճŬһһɼ䲻ĸо
Ȼûüſڣһһ֧ȼյľ޴ѣӵһߺ˳ڿмתţŬǰĵϡĳźţ̶ХУɰǧĻڿնͬʱӸͶŬ֮ڵλΧ


939 ս
ڰ˲ȥ֧ʳصҹϮһ˵¶ս˻Уһӵ֮ʿʶֱס۾ȥ֮Ѿϰ˳õںڰ֮Уȥ͵ϮԼĶ֣ͻȻԼǰĻ⣬ѾԵüӦ
ʵϣֻӵĴʳʿе֮ʿڻֵɲǣ¶һ˿ҵɫ
Щѣ
ŬһϣܵĸоΣաѾòԷͳƺѾҵ˶Ըİ취õս飬ҲоһɼĿΣա

Ŭ߸߾ֱۣҪ´ﳷ˵ѾˡԷĽԶĻҪöࡣ
䣡
һִ֧һɶ೤ɲǼ䣬ӵһߺһ͸һ֮սʿ֮սʿҽжͱ䴩˴һ޴Ѫ˲һغ
Ǿ޴ƲЪ䴩֮սʿ壬ʧںҹ
Ƴ
һĻʯ䣬ŬԺ͵һͷ˵ɫʱ԰ֽսѾʶĳ棬ÿһ𣬶
һҹϮѾܹ˴ƳķضΣû뵽ԷĳǼʱϹˡ
ߣ
ŬڵѾֻǽˣֱǲֻ̡Ƴ̣Զ֮Ƶ䵶Զö࣬ҲҪǿöࡣϣִ֮ǰûаʤ㡣
˵ִƵĳ󣬼ֱ֮Ŀǣ

Ŭ˵֣Ҳ룬ŵȥ֮սʿҲ׷׽ܡȻΪһ̣Ʋ֪׼˶ã׵ܡɵǣԺŬ֪֮ҪȷѪ꣬ɱˡ
䣬һһֳ籩һ㣬˷Щ֮ܵսʿսٶٿ죬ôùֻһĻĿЩ֮ǰңɱɱ֮ӣûӳԶʱ׷ͬܲݰ㵹¡
飬ʯ䣬֪֮ˣصĵڵϡ˻ҽ׹ĺҹһƬŨҵѪζѸ
ⳡսԭһ浹ѸٳתԭŬ֮׵սڴƳֺѸٽ棬ɴƳѹ׵ľ档
ţţţ
Զ±һУһֱֻػ£һһܼ꣬ϵ׷ȥոԶܵĴʳˡ
ҿǵӶԶ
±ɫ㣬Щʳ̫ƻˣǹķʽҲ̫£ֻǶ̶ʱڣߺľӣʧءʣһ֧񣬶ҼóҹϮеֶΣǰڵĹ棬⽫Ȼ䵶ܼոȫǾĵļ㣬мƻвĽС
һģͨľ񡣲ҲΪˣ±ŸӲܡ
ţţţ
±ɫ䣬֮ûа㲨ĿĶԶһ֮ֱһһΣϵĻ¡
󲿶ӣ±ָӹ١һ˵ĳ󲿶Ҳ޵УһֽġУ󲿶ӷӳĲһ㣬Ƕⲻˡ
䣬һһ׷ϵĵÿһд֮ﵹ¡±ĿȴĽһˡ̼ԶȻûͶʯôţڳ±УҪԸһˣʵ̫ײˡ
ڲ뵽ܣˣ
±վ˱ϣĿĶԶŬݵıӰ֮ͫӹһĨɱɱôˣȫˣֱǳ롣
ʮŲ˲߲
Ĭһʱ򣬳±ұͻȻػ¡
ڶС飬䣡
һʯ쾪ų±䣬ڳ±ʮܳȫ׼ԶŬʮܳͬʱصĻװͬ㣬ͬʱȥ
ã
Ŭɫһ䣬ȻŵһߣʲôҲɲǣŬܵĸоһŨҵΣաȫƤȻͷƤըë׸Ũҵĺ
ڴ½սôãμôսԹôľУŬûһܵ˿ֲΣոС
䣬һĺԾ˵ٶȴԼٽӽ
ߣ
룬ʯ䣬Ŭһݣ͵ĴбݶʳĹȣ佫ûҲ񣬵ŬѾܲôˡ䣬ֻһ죬ս˻Ŭбݶɲǣʮִĺɫ˷ݺύŬƥսһѪεĶڵϡ
һɲǣŬĺֱðȻˣŬҲûܶΣա
һΣ±ӳʱѾǵܵÿһ·߰ʮѾȫÿռ䣬ĸܣӵóȥ
䣬Ŭбݶɲǣʮ߰öӺ漲׷ݺݵĺĺġŬ룬ֻüȫȫըͱЩȫС

һĲҽУŬϵΣȻɹĽȫ£ȴҲϾ޴ײɳȥ

Ŭײɵɲǣڰս˻һ׳˶ӰսԶ۶
ϯԪڴˣ
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬һйƽ
ϯԪѹŬͬʱԶԶأʳ˵ӪУһ춯صľ죬ɱڶܵĻУ֪ٴʳ׷˳

һҹϮֻӽŹƽҹϮʳ˵ľⳡɧ˴ҹҹϮս
˹֮ǳܣһ֧֧ǽϾҵȼšƵĹâӳڴ˵ϣҡҷ塢֥ǧҵ±ϯԪ졢ƲвҹϮĲȫۼٴˣǺѶɣԼ»Ҳڳ
˾ۼһãһƬࡣ
ô
֥վԵҵһж͸ֱ֥˹˺ʹʳˣ˫жԲ棬սڵܽʧ
֪Ԫȫǰ֣ûʲô˹Ӫﻹһ鷳м֧Сʧʮҡ
ҵ
ҹϮжѾȫ׼һ˹˵ף֣Ȼʧʮ֡սεСĽȻⲻ
֥˵ͷ
˹طأ


940 ޵
Ӧǧң
ҵ
˹Ӫûа취ȷԷģֻһ㣬ˣǧ˵ҹϮܹɱ˶ԷǧˣԼֻʮжѾƵϴɹˡ
˵˹˺ͻʺ˼ӦֻʣˣܹʩչŲĿռԽԽСˡŴڿʼԺжԽԽСġ
֥ĵ˵ͷ
ҹϮԸ˹ˣ͸֥ĿķǳȷҪЧɱ˶ԷϵµĲ
˵ҹϮĿѾȫɡ
ߴǱأ
ʵ
֥֪ͬߵľһ֪֥ͬǱߵжеϸڰֻи֥ͳǧλͳ˧֪
ǺǣжԤһ˹Ǳ߹Ȼûκεķ̫ˣŵΪԼӵʮǸϮж׺ܶࡣ
֥Ц
ֻ̫ţΪǵ֣ڴ˵Ҳ̫Ӱ죬޹ʹ
嵭ȻһЦ
ɲ޹ش֣˹ôĻǿɾĴشˡ
֥Ťͷһ
˳ʳ˵ٺжֻּܹ
شˣźˣֻܹѾȫеѵӥˡ
п˳İص
Ĵʩλ𣿻᲻ɣ
֥
մ˵ķԸѾֻʹʳӥʬ崦ڴʳ˵ӪءЩӥֻʣë񡣴ʳ˲ϸǷֱ治ġңҹϮλ˻رʳӪصܶ࣬ʧֻӦòǵע⡣
˳
˳ҲǰεҹϮжҪִеġ
һţ˵ͷΰʳ˷棬ҪĿĲɱ˴ʳˣЩ͵Ĵʳ޺ʹʳ֮ͨõľ쳣͵Ĵʳܹɹ͵ȡЩʳܹضϴʳ˺ʹ޵ͨš
һ⣬ʳ˵ңӴʳ˵ӪػԺһֱУǵʹ˰취Ҳ޷ǰҲϳιǵʳ
˳
ûа취ѱͲΪãץҲһûá
⵹׽
ȻһЦΪ⡣
һѵӥֽȸԴʳ˵о齻Ϳԡ
˳Ͱ˵İɡ
֥΢Цŵ
⣬ǸŬģʳҹϮҲһ𽻸ɣ
Ŷ
۾һдΪ⡣ǸŬΪϯԪӦɱˣû뵽Ȼ
ǾͶлˡ
ڴսڼĴ컯ÿһˣʵͼӾһ֡ǰĴսԽа
ǣ
һ࣬˳ͷӦܿתȥ
ߴˣˣ
ʱһֱû˵ͻȻˡ
⻹м顭
ɫֹһٶѸ˴˵ע⡣ԵİǺѶҲһ˹ȥ
ô˹
֥Щ
⡭ʳҹϮʱһ֧ӷǽǱ˳ڣ͵͵ϵǸ»䣬˵Ǽ顣
ڰ¶Ĺ˼ɡһӱ΢Ȼû˵Ǽʲô˻һӷӦޱɱ͸»ʶƵ飬ȻʳǱ߻֪飬ҾȻɳ͵͵ϵǡ
λˣǸ»ûз⣬λ

㲻ػţ㡣
֥ڰοֻһ仰
лˣ
Ǹм
ʳջȳ²֣֮ҹϮһߺĴƾӣʵȴ͵͵ɳˣϵڵĸ»䣬˭Ҳû뵽ġ
ܰ˵֤ԴƵĳ⡣
壬ô
֥
û˵ֻ¶һ˿ЦݡĻҫϣԳһֶɡ
ȻʳôУӦֺη
΢΢һЦʵڣ˶һɵĶЦ

һҹעƽģ˹֮ƻԻ͵ʱһط˹˺ͻ˵Ķͬۼһ
˹֮ﲻͬҪصöࡣ˹ظԵڵ佫ȫվţһη壬
һϣ˹Ӫأ˽ǧֵõظ췭ôĸںѲߵļʿȻû֪ʼǴġҼսѾˣȻû֪
ֱһֳ裡
ϸٻһ£ûκη𣿡
һϣǰ˹ڽڵƽƽǳᣬû˿ĻӪ˹佫ͷ­ʹԽĲˡ
ˣ
һŭȣûзŭһԵĻص̲סˡ
ϣ˹ضŪڹ֮䣬һ򵥵⣬û˻شû̲סðɡ
ҲܹǣǸ˸ǵܹԿģıôòŶ֣һȫ׼̫˿ġ
ް
Ӵּˣ΢΢üͷй¶е뷨ȻϣͻһҲͻ
˹زǲʧܣȴôʧܵĶ֪
࣡
ʱͻȻһ󼱴ҴҵĽŲӪ⴫һƣһ˹صĴ䵶洳˽һϥڵϣ
ѲߣһЩµģ
ʲô
üëһڵͬһʱ䣬Ҳһ˹
һЩƤ
ڵϵ
ˣ
һ䣬غ˻ûʲôӦȴжȻһ𣬵ʯ䣬ͷӹԺ
ȥ
Ҳ룬Ĵλվ

Ƭ֮󣬾ھһԵɵĵطޡءç֧˼Լ佫׷׸ϵˡ·ص㡱޵ԼϿѵãڷЩĵһʱ䣬Χ˹ʿûжǽһбȴá
𣿡
޿ڵ˫ü壬ǰϣһһ޴ɫƤɫܲÿΧغͶç֧Ҳ̫ÿ˼ɫˡ
ش࣬һЩƤɢطǴ󲿷ֶˡ
һ˹صĵͼʿٽ͵
ǵ˿ʼҲû⣬սŷЩԡɢЩͳͳǿƤûйѪ⣬һѪˮûСȫĸɸɾ󡣡
Χĵģ˶š


941 ˴㵵࣡
쵰
һڵģǴޣҲǻغͶç֧һԣⳡҹϮϵĶ˼㷴ӦҲ׹ˣһҹսȫǸСˡ
ңû⣬ʹõ͵ϮʽܿܺͻѲ˹ϵ

һ̾Ϣ޿ŵϵƤͻȻ˵ĸоⳡս˴ҹһֱϡͿģȫ׷ʲôһɲǣЩƤͻȻ֮Щף
ˣһжϵ˿ͷȴûϵ벻Ȼ˼󽫾Щܹõϣһ֣ķڷ
һ䣬һԵĻضʱЩ̡
࣬黹ûˮʯ˵ЩƤʹƲûʲôϵֻżȻҲһ
ذο
ǣ㻹𣿡
ҡҡͷֹ˻أ
ɹǱ֮ʵȫԽЩƤߵġ֮ǹҪʤķʽַʽң
Ѿȷɣ޻ô๦򣬲ôĸںѲߵĲλǰ°ţ棬κηġѡҪȷȻǿȻеЩֶͳͳʧЧˡ
ֻ뵽˷ˣȴû뵽Ҫǡ
û뵽Ȼüǧ˵ĴαװͻʵɫǣԼľӪ֮Сһ̣ķڷ
ֻһ޵޳ܷѣֺαذ˵
˼ҧ
ʱѿĪˣЩɫӲԭġͻ־Ҫж٣ҲۡЩǹǣƴƵġǶ˼ûЩᱻã˶Ը޵Ĺؼ
˼ͻʺٹĵ۹֮һһĴϷŪö˼ܣ
û˵ҲǳĬ
˼ô᲻֪ʱҲﲻֻ˵һߣħһɣֶ̫ѲˡˣǴҲӦԡ
ƵҹϮܹʧˣ
ͻȻʵ
ӽǧˣ
һڴҵĿཫ죬
û˵ΧȴͻȻóޱȡһԣصüͷǧ˵һս۵Ĺģ˵΢һҹϮ˵Ҳ̫ࡣ
Ƕڽֻǧ˹غͻ˵һ޴ش
ǳǵıģ
ͻȻڵϾ˹ص۹Ĵ󽫣ֻһɲǼ䣬ؾսͼ
û⣬Ժ᲻ϵƵǣΪҪĿꡣǱԽ٣Խܵ⣬Խ޷̫в󣬿µʱ򣬴ڽάȾģͲˡ
ң֪ǲ֪ǲģѾ޷ıһˡʵϣǳսǾѾĽˡ
˵գ硣
˵֮ǰ͵ϮǡıĻôڣııѾıˡ˵ûǹⶪƤǷֵġֹˣڵһУҪġ
εǣ˶ԷͼǲʲôЧԽܵ⣡
һϵĹƣҲһ֡ı
ԣⳡսûĽ࣬Ҳֲ
ͻȻڵ
أɣûл𣿡
ûС
ҡҡͷ밢ɣҹϮӳѾкܾˣ֧ȫ˻ȥʱڶ࣬ȴ٣ɣ˸ǲ֪١˵Ѿˣ˵Ѿնɱ֮ϢһƬҡ
޶԰ɣƺǴһ˿ϣϣܹȵ
ɣˡ
˵ţ¶һ˿˸Сɣž¡ϵĺδĵɣǰ󣬽ΧٰⲨԶ˹ľУвǰɣž¡ϵʿ
ɣİѱģҲΪµұۣʵڲԸս
ʵǰڵİɣ׶༪ˡ
ȥĳϢΣ
ٴε
Ҫ˵飬ɳȥȷϵʿѾˣ鵽ɣȻսܣҲȷȷʵʵĿꡣ˹֮ǵڶߺ󣬵ǴƳƬӦټ֮ࡣ
Щӻʿû˵ѡϰɣսжȷʵӦǴɹ
֣ص
ܺã
ԭüͷչ˵һõϢȻɣѾսҲɹԼټܴƳ٣ڽֻǧ߳Ĵƾ˵ǸСش
ô֮ǰŵսѾɹɡ
ټܳ󱻻٣ɣɣͲⳡսҲԶûǹ׶۵ʱ򡣡
ԶƻԻ͵˹֮ǣӹһĨĹâ

ҹɫУӿԶֹ˺˹ˣңԶ࣬ʳ˵Ӫͬͷܶ
Ϣ𣿡
ӪУ˹ǰһȫڼףݣŨܺĴʳ
ܶˣϢѾŬϮ˷ߵʱҲɹͻƾķϵ˳ڵĸ»ûע⡣
ͷ
ǰ˹ߵź͸٣ͳı࣬˿Ǻӣ֪ڰ˹ֵߣʵȺܶʳҪӵĶࡣ
εҹϮжܶ˶ΪŬ֮ӲĹǺ֪Ǽʮ˵Ǳ벿Ӳ
ţ֪ˣȥɡ
˹һ˿ĹâŻ˻֡һ񣬺ܿȥ
ܶ»Ŀ𣿡
ȵ뿪ʳĶܶǵͻȻӺ߳ڵ
ҹϮɱˣʵ˲ô⡣ģ˹֮Уûôܵӵĸ»䡣
ʳ˵ĲƱôõģȻ»ǵǿŻǲţȻӦˣͱȥ
˹ֿԶĺڰһشػУްΡȻ˹֮ǣӹһĨļµĺâ
Ƭ½ϣûܹںʹʳ˴Լ֮󻹷ڵģгˣ󶼱ؽصĴۣ
ǵһﲻ¶ģҲǺͰ˹ͬ飬һģֻǴʳλܶ۹ܶǶͬһ棬ʳ˴¶Է̰īԼƻȴʳԶʣʲôɡ


942 ս
һ飬ǸĴͳ˧ƺ޷һͻҸ»ʼûаԼ˹ĳţ飬»˿»ûа취Ρ
Ƭ̣ǵͻȻڵ
ս̫Զˣټϴʮ飬بм䣬ǰ˹ֺǵ£Ҳֻ֪Զ˹֮ǿƺһͻǾȴ֪
ţʱɱǣ
˹ֻ˻֣ޱȣ
ˣ˵ֻʲôʱ򵽴
Ѿȥʹˣڸ·ϣѾԶˣճʱӦܹǵִս
ǵµ
ܺãǸò»ˣȵ֧ŵǾͿԽͬ˹֮ǳ׻𣡡
˹ֵĿڣҹɫ޷ڸǡ
ģһйƽĳǱΣȴڿвϵļš

أ
һţŽǧʺӵƽߴ籡Ƭ̼䣬һֳɢкڰҲҫ˺ۣΡ׳˹֮ǣԼ˹غͻ˵Ӫء
źŽǵǧ˹˴ӪӿУһƥƥԭս־
ҹսĺۼ⵽ɲȫȥ˹شɱ糱ٴγս⡣
Զ˹֮ǰ֮䣬ͷܶĴƱڸ֮ǽţ˷̬
ҹڸǵɱսϢɲǣա
ˣ
һܼս쳹˹֮ǣŴ򿪣ʿӿ˳֮䣬󳵲ӣеıμں档
ণ
սϵýŵʱһ֧ƿգ˹ӪصķԾ˹֮ǵϿգǴ̶Хʮﶼ
壡ɸҳһ
һͻȻ˹صӪдޱȣǻԲһ˹˵
δ䣬սգ̳Ӱս˹˵Ӫв˹֮ǵķ
ھ˹֮ǻһǧĵطͣͷĬĬĵȴš۾΢Уƺڴʲô
ռžԽĽţӪȴǾĵģһƬţûκεӦ
֪˶ãڴԵĻغͶç֧ЩͷʱһϢǿͻȻԶԶĴ
ޣ
һԽ˻ԶԶģ˵ĿУһƥѩ˳ȾսһӰԾ˹֮ǵĶǡ
壡
۾һУ͵ŤͷҲû뵽Ȼλáܿ޾Ц
겻벻˵ıԽԽֻ˵ѧˣû˵ѧ´۽磡
һ˵ţһ߹˹֣һԡӡ
ٸȵùడ֪׼ǧҵײ
ͬЦ
ɲǼ䣬ޣغͶç֧ڷɳҹϮӣʧص顣ͬɳ͵ϮͬαװԷĲӣⳡУǳ׵ˡ
ܿ죬޾ͻָ
ʤ˱ҳ£˹ػʧ𣬵Ͳһˣûټܳ󣬽ⳡսϣЦĳ
΢΢Цֹ֮䣬Уһִݹ˵ȣˣҲòһ

Ӹ£վڸ߸ߵ˹ǽϣⷬɴЦϵıµΪϣΪ£仰һ˵ڣȻ⡣
һͲʹˣﻪ챦˵ֻټܳ󣬾ٶĳҲ̵ֻ顣
ԶͷҲأػ£
±򣡡
¡һ䣬ĳźţڳ£˹֮ǵĳźȻ󿪣ڴޣغͶç֧ĿУһܼܾ޴ĳ˱£ƺƵ˹֮һһݾ޴ĳΪ׵ĳ±ָ£ѵأԼٶȷֲڶߵһڴ
ԶԶȥЩ޴ĳ飬಻٣ýӽټҡϣѾٵټܴƳϣֻʣǧټңڣȻֱټܡ
ţ
ĻУų±һ£ټܳ򣬸߸̧𣬶׼У͵˳ȥ䣬һĺٸܼȣȫ˲Ƭ̺ٸִž޴Ʒ֮صĲ֮ɵս
ˣ
һĻޣأç֧˹ص۹һͺ͵һƣ˵ɫʱѿޱȡ
ô£
̽ӻرѾټܳΪʲôǻô೵󣿡
ô飬򲿶ӾԲܳƫģ
ǴޣһɲҲסˣҹϮɳĳһٵȷϹģɣĲȷȷʵʵǻٵ˽ӽټܴƳд˹صĳûдô񣬵ҲԲֻϳִ
ֱˣɣĿ¸ĳ󣡡
һм
ô᣿ɣѵ󶼷ֲ𣿡
һŵ
ɣž¡ϵĺս鼫ḻܷɵĴһȷϹ󣬰ɣǲ׳ġ
Ҳ֪ô£ǺʣɣӦǵȦסƳľ幹죬ʼǸܣ֪Ҳ࣬Ҫ˵ǣɣҲֱֻܷһζѡû⣬Ǽһ涯ֽš
޵Զ˹֮ϵİǵӰζӡ
󽫣ǾӵԣҲһ֧ڣǵһһֻҪһ˿ϳһ˿©п´ԵĴҲǴԭ
ܹ̳һ˿ģƾӶӰ졣ǺʣһֽУٴʤˡ
дڣ˹ؿʮ궼޷
һ̾˵ĸо
˹ص۹޵ǻۼѾھԭ˲ߵĵ꣬˿Ժȼ磬Ǵƫƫ壬һڱǻۺıϣй֮޲Ķ֡ô޲뵽ݵһ伮
褺һ̾˵
ԶԶģ߸ߵ˹֮ϣѩ׵սų³ĬˣЦ
֮
ʥǰŪıֱǰŪȡ衣
࣡Ļ˵ϲռĸ־ʷӼսߣһսпգʹһǧٱ飬֣໹Ҫ鰡
һ仰˵رأһ䣬һЦ
࣬æͲٷˣսټ
ϣս˻һתͷƥѩսѸʧ˳ͷ
ԶǴ޳Ǹϲŭɫ˵ҪԼǧԼѧղҲ̲סһһס˹࣬ҼѧղģҲֻˡ


943 ޾ţ
ˣʵ̫ˣ
ֱĽȭͷҧгݣĳֻǵ۹֮³˷Ҳδ̫
಻ҪӰ죬쵰ҪŭǣǧҪϵ
Ǻǡ
ҡҡͷֹ˻أ
ôܿһȷʵˣķڷ
ıʵ̫һˣֻԭأĺֹıͳ˧ҪѧϰıԱ֮ì֮ܣˡ
ȻֻҡҡͷܿͻָûǷϺܵӣ
ҪʩչʲôıҪϴﵽʲôЧһʧˡΪһսĶָǣˣأҰŴȥһʳʹ֮սѾ߾ȫİˣͿԼˡ
ף
شӴнӹţ
߰ɣ
һ䣬޲תͷ˹˵Ӫȥʮɿ⣬ͣͷٿһۣĿԽߴΰ˹֮ǣսһˣֻĴʳ飬սǰ׼ȣĴʳԵȫͬոӵ£Ҳӵĳɱ


ڴ޷Ӫغ󲻾ãһֻɫëӣռɶ£ʳ˵С
ܿ죬һĿĴʳһֻһȡţ첽Ű˹ڵλöȥ
ܶˣ˹ţ
ϥ£Ľеֽ˹ȥ
Ŷ
˹ֶڱϣһ죬ӴнӹֻֽǿһۣʱЦ
Ȥǵ£˹˵ţҲɡ
˹ֵǵüͷһȵĿǰһۣܿӹֽ
˹ʧأ첻ս˹ʲô˼
ģ́ͷĲ˼顣
ǺǣѾ˵ĺһսϣԼԸˣչֳǴʳ˵ʵ
˹ֵ
Щ˹ǸȻѾ͸ͬЭѵǻ뱣ʵ
ǵ˫֮͸һŭ⣬ʳǲҪѵģڴʳ˵սʷУʲô˳Ϊѣڴʳ˵Ӧ˹ˣʵѾһָĶ衣˹˾ȻҪʱսʵֱǲʶ̧١
Ҳֲǣ
˹΢΢һЦ˰ֹ֣ǵ£
˵Ѿʧıͷǣһ㵹˵ѡȻǴʳ˵ʧʲôǶ˹˺ͻ˵²ǸСĿҲѹҪսʵңΪ飬ۼΪʵ˹˺ͻûмʶǿʵҲķҲǴʳϾδƵĹУǻҪõǡ
ǵ£֧ôˣ
˹ͻȻŤͷǵ¡
֧ѾȫִһѾ׼ʱԽܺ
ǵ¸ɾ˵֧ӵʱǵ˵ȫͬͺĳ־޴ƣԶһ
ܺãȥ׼ɣ

սͻʺ˹أشĴƣԼսĴʳˣӴ˹ս֮ƣ໥šӳڣ˭ûԷ˶֪ƽͱֲ̫á
գ
սգ̳˹֮ǵ࣬һصѸٵĴս˵ע⡣
˵ĿУһа˳߶ߣ۴ԲĴʳ佫һƥ׳˶ĺɫս˹֮ٶĵطͣ
еĴţܶٸһλᣬͶʳǣԸһ·Ļǳǻ֮գ
һǰһƬžһЦ쳹ء
ʳˣ仰Ӧ˵𣿻ǸϽȥܶǺʲôʱͶưɣ
ʳĶ棬֪һͷͷվڵһߵĻڴЦ
ʳ˹Ȼڽô֮󣬾ȻвƣôͶֱ֮
ԶʳĬĬˣĺЦ࣬˿Ϊ
ԼѡģȻˣǾͿսɣ
δ䣬ʳﶸתͷԶ˸ƣһ̣ͻ𡪡
¡
һԶ˺ʮ˵ĴսԵСޱȡֹˣǾͬʱ˽µĴض֮
һɲǣ֪ͬһߺǧĴսʿ׷ױɫ
ʲô
Ǵģʳ˵ʲôѵʹʲô𣿡
һȺ˾ɲȻܿ죬𶯾ʧˡΪһоѾʱ򣬺䣬һ޴Զţټ˹սٴβεԽĺҲԽԽ
⵽ʲôôǽŲ
ܵģʲôôصĽŲ
һȺ˶۾֪Ϊʲôʲôÿ˶оһֽźͲ
䣡
еһеڶҵ𶯣һһԽԽҲԽԽأǰĸǣԼеĳ󣬶ǰ
𣡡
ֻһ춯ص޺𣬿ƺƣɳʯ𺳵ĿУһ޴ӰߴޱȣɽͰĵƽߴӴǰĸߴ󡢿ƵĴʳˣҲϰС
ʲô
ôӴĶһǿˣǿˣ
⵽ʲô˼飡
˶һ𺳵˵źԶľ룬ҲܸоõǵӰɢĺġŰһĿֲϢ˵ߵ֮ȣԵСޱȡ
⵽ʲô
ʱ˿̣˹֮ǵ࣬վһ͸֥е𺳲ѡѾ˷׵ļУȻһĴСսû
֪֮ǰʳ˴ûгֶֹţĲϻĺľޣ
֥૵еһҲ塣
ս֮飬ǰһУѾķ롣˳ųĳȥȻԶȻܿͷ˵ΪƶҲ廹Ǹ֥ܴϸܵһŨҵϢߵϢ֮ȣͺ׺һڡ
ͷϬţһ޴ĽɫǣǱһӴ壬һɺޱȵǶźԶҲ˸оõֻһеÿ˿᲻ĲһַĲ;£ͬһ㡣
ѵǡʳ۹ڹľ޾ţ
վڸ߸ߵĳǽϣд˷һоⳡսѾȫļ䣬ȫɴȡ޾šǴʳ۹۷ʱĲǵĴ˵ϣ˵ʳüǿĹȡ
ΪĳԭЩ޾ŴӴʳ۹ʷʧˡ
һֱ֪˵٣ΪûۼʶҲûа취ȥ֤ʵһֱΪһ翵Ĵ˵ֱһ̡


944 񻰽٣
һжȫˣ˹֮Ǵûгֹ޾ţѵһΪҵĽֵ𣿡
м
ĳЩ֮һЦĻ˵һٴθԺ˵Уʳ۹Ļʵۣ˵﷢۷ʱ֧ǿľţһ֧Ǿ޾š֧޾ֻܴʳ۹﷢ĿƣκεطܶûйϽȨޡ
Щ޳ңԶ˹ֻ˵һ㣬ʳĹ﷢Ѿע⵽ˡⳡսѾȫɿơ
ˣ
ܿ죬һ춯صսӴʳ˵ľӪžսԭ顢ãã纣Ĵʳͬˮ˰ֿճһʮɳͨͨһͷͨƵĸߣһͷͷӴľޣһӱýһߺս˻۾侪š
ЩѵأþսսܵЩϵĿֲϢҲܵĸо˿־壬ҪѿƣܳȥԶƬս
̫ˣʳ˾Ȼɱﵣ־޷ų˹֮Ѿˣòǳ֣
ս࣬߸ߵϣ˼ʹޡصվһǶƬ½Ȼʳ˵ĵƣǣҲǸе൱𺳡
ô򵥣ʳ˲϶Щ޿϶ʲôԭ򣬵ǲôʳЩޣԶԴɾ޴в
޳ĬƬ̺󣬿ڵ
ȻʹսתôʳԸƣļƲߣǴʳ˵ʵе𺳡ȻԸϣǴʳ۹ʵȷȷʵʵ˹ص۹ӵǿ½ϣʳʹվе۹Ķˡ
ܹԸƵģֻдʳܹԸʳģͬҲֻдƣ
߸ߵϣܿ찲˵Ŀȫۼ˹֮ǵʳ˵ӪأͷӴ޵ϡ
žһı˦ͷ޵Ľ£һСͬʱűĴʳˣ糺ɫۣͣžʲôȻò󣬵ձʳ˵ݣȴߣ˺Ůͷսս̷ˡ
ھԶĵطһµĴʳ٣һ֧ǵѣһ׹죬޹ɵӡڱ˦͹ǵѵָ£ͷɽͰľҲǰƶ
䣡䣡䣡
һһǹ޲ͣĳս߽صĽŲ쳹սڽɫĳ£ͷԵԽֲһ̣˵˹֮ǰĴƾӣԶǧ飬ãã纣ĴʳˣӴӰһ¶壬׷ȥ
̫̫ˣ
ǰһ¹ᣬ佡׳ĴʳʿͷϷǸɽĽɫϬǣԼǱӴԼɺĿȥ
񻰺ʵĽޣһ̱ģѣͺԶеľޣͻȻԽʱգٵ˼һ㡣
𣡡
˷̺ѹ˹Ͽһķ籩յƶһŶճķȥڴʳ˵ϿƳһƬɾա
壬һĻԭѾ¶ɫĴʳսʿһս˻׷׾ţֻȥԭŻľʱһƬҡ
޾ӣ
˵У﷢ƵĿֲ֮һҲǹ﷢Ȩ֮һǶսĴʳսʿ˵ЩҲǾجεĴڡ
ˣ
ʱ˷ܵģϲõģĪʳϣӵȨڴʳʵ۵ܶ˹ˡ˫һģڽɫľ޴վһɲǣһӴϢϱ
ϣûκδʳ޷ƵĳǳأҲûκδʳ޷սʤĶ֣
ǰͷޣ˹־ͺ񿴵Լһ
Ƭ½ϣڹǿ˹ظԭϣӵһǿһңԶ֮࣬ϣͬڹһЩǿЩȻѾʧҹǵĺܶ¼Ѿ޷ȥȡ
ЩȻһЩֻƬצ
޾žǴʳ۹һŴµĹžϵһķϬţʨӵ͵ĴͶɵġεʧܣ˴ʳ۹ŷɥľ޾š
Щ޵࣬ȴǴʳ۹ǿƬ½ϣûκεķֵܹסЩ޵Ĺ

˹վڱǰĿһܿ쳯бķһ¡
ܶˣ
Ƭ̵ĳĬ֮󣬺ܿ죬һͳɳƣ˶ޱȣͺµĶ˵ƤСһΪĶܶǵ¶̲סüͷ
˹ܵĴʳǣҲʶȥƺҪԶǸűǰе糺ɫӰԶһ㡣
ʳ۹ʵ۱µĽ٣ͬʱҲǾ޾ӵͳ졣
ˣأûֻ֪֪ͻȻ֮˰͸ۣ˵۹ʵ۵ǰѸٻ˹﷢Ρ֮󲻾ã۹ֲľ֮һ޾žͿʼˡ
Ǹܣ۹ʵʹȥϸκεĵطܶͽĵϸ
һλսڵ۹ܶѡ˵Ϊܣȥܿ˼ˡ﷢ӵĽĸۡȫ
ڴʳĵ۶䶯ɺܴӰ졣
Ȼ﷢λϲ⣬ͼı췴˶֪ôġ
ӴԺʳ̸ɫ䣬ûκ佫׿
˹ĬĬǵ糺ɫӰǰвû̫Ĳ⣬˼ɵ˹ݺȤΪѪ嶽˹ָȤֻһǳ׵ǰĶ֡
һж޹ؽҪ
ε㶼Ѿ˰ɣ
˹ֿߵǰ
òǳªޱȣѾúɫס˴ף¶ƤȻɰͰͣǧ֣ͬƤһ㡣˫Һɫ۾˸аĹâп˶һֲĸо
ܶ˷ģʱ򣬱ѷԸ˹֮սһжܶ˵ΪΨհ
ű촽䶯
ţεĶַǳǿ󣬿ЩߺǳҪľ޽ǳ׻壬飬
˹ֶ˶٣һ
εжϵļƻϣȫԸ˿Ĵ⣡
Ǻǣ˷ģϣûҵľ޾˵Ķ֣ⲻǾ޾ĵһ֣Ҳһ
Ц˵仰ͷһ񣬺ܿתȥ
ˣ
սǽĺŽǣսеĿ׷׼һһ޵ϡ
վڳǱӴľǰ´˽
ɱ


945 ޽
һ޺һ̣غսȻýޱȡ䣬˵ĿУͷɽͰľޣ޴Ľɫҫͬһ㳯ߵķ
飬һֻ޴Ľ̤£һʳʿ֣ܲ˲䱻̤ȴûκθоһһ·̳ٶ˿ǰȥ
¡¡һɲǼ䣬췭ظ˹սͬеļװ壬Ļζϯ£˹֮ǣս˻ëԣ֮ǰκʱ򣬶ҪԵñͲ
ס
סս˸λ󼯽ᣡ
׼ȫ

ڣһƬңͷ޴޳ֲֿϢǵأɽ˵սս־ᶨĴսʿ̲סľսоһַĿ־塣
ⳡսѾȫѾ֮ս֮ս
׼
ʱһȣ˶𣬹âһһӰӸ߸ߵ˹֮ϣһԾ£ʯ䣬ԥʩչ־ѧ˹֮ǵĳǽƣߴ׹£ɣȻսǿȴʱʺϵĹ
飬嵥£ڿмȵ·һθǽϡ
֣һɲǼ䣬ѸٰҵĹӶǣҲҵĹһO@ȴ׼սľҡֻԼ֪еһҲ١ֻԼ֪ʳ˵ľ޾ţǸóƬսϵĶ˿ܽе𺳱¶Ŀ磬ĶԶͷľޡ
ʳˡˣԼԶǧ˹˺ͻˣʮƵĸʿȫעԶעͷɽͰĿֲޣ޺ͻص˶۾ס˺
һսֱӹϵ۹ʤܺս֡ʳʤˣ½һǰδеĴ֣˹غͻΪⳡսطȻҲǣС
̫ǿˣŨܹӵеģǴ󽫶޷⣡
ھͿôӦˣΣⶼֶܹͨ赲˵ģ
ɱﵣĻ𣬿¾ڽˣ

ءç֧˼дޣһ࣬һſԣվԶϣפ
ԶͷϬξ޳ԽԽֳˮĿֲϢֱϢ
ǧɣǧɣһǧɡ
һߺеĴʿ͹Ӷսʿס¶ŵɫóޱȣϢһŨҵԸӡ
վڸǽϣ޷˿裬ԣǰδеļС
ַ
侲쳹ս

ڵһߺһȫУеһǿ˼£Щ㣬ǿȫǰеľԴƿڣƵ۹ʥһעǰδеӣʮĴƽ㾫ϸѡǿǲȫ͵򣬳ɾڵİ
һ֧ɵķֻڰвҵ嶼ûС
䣡
ֻգۼ䣬һ˲ǳǧļܼ꣬ȣе֣ÿ˶ܿؼ֧ʮ֧һӾܳεΣһ֧˵ַ󷢻ӵ൱ǧǧĹ֣й֮޲
ͣһ̾˵ĿУǧļ꣬ڿлһ޴ĻߣѸٵͷӴϬξϡ
𾪵鷢ˣӽһĿֲ꣬оųϣ䵽ͷϵɲǣȫ
ֵıȻҲȫ䲻͸ͷ޺صƤ

һĻ˶סˡ֣ǾеľȻǶ䣬ÿһǧɿ⣬һӲʯͨսҲȫֵסͷ޾Ȼųϵļˡ
˼飡
һ̣ԶսĶ˼˶е𺳡
߸ߵĳǽϣ忴һĻҲǲӿǰѾȫ߸֪һСûиôӲǼͳ̶ȴй֮޲Щʮа˾ŶǱĤƤԵɡ
ͷ޵Ƥ൱ڰߺĸƾֵܶЧ˺
ͷתܿ˺ͷҪ
ƺƣž޵ĳϿյĿԽԽǿҡ
ʮԮҲԽԽֻţֻ޵ǿ˶
䣡ĳٵֻ
ڴԽԽɧʱ忴Զٴ
Ʋ죡׼
н׼ʨӺ𣡡

ԽԽţΪΨһĶ룬̶ʱڣһƾӰȫж

ž޴ĺһܼļХսھϡһȡ˵һĽѵһͬʱĳࡣ
ЧҲͼӰۣ˵ĿУһܼƤǧֻȫû˾޵壬ûκһֻ
Ȼû˻޵ķӦ˶Ĭˡ
϶˼֧һֻֻȫû룬ǾȴٶȲȫûһ㷴Ӧ۾ûգһ£ͺЩһ
ͷޡãúƤ
һߺһսʿƤͷ졣ΧսʿиͬĿֻšһƤֻбһ㣬ǰľȻֹˣĺ߳ļ֧
Ǿϵĵһطһ㣬ĹֶЧˡ
Хʱ˿̣ʼձ򶨵ҲֻˡĿԶһֱͣļš
һǧɣ
һǧɣ

ԽԽµĴ𶯷ﵽ˰֮ߡͷ޾һӾϵĳϵѹһɲǣԺжһǿҵΣոУһϢ纣һӿƺʱܹû
ˣߣ壬ġ
ĬĬһʱԥ
ʼ
ã
ɲǣƾ£͸֥λ󶼻ڣܹһʮ뱩ʩչʨӺһ˲䣬ǰʮ⿪ʼһεĲɢ̶ֻ̼ʮɣ˲仯ΪһƬˣͬ籩ϯսͷɽͰϬξޡ


946 սһ
ʨ𹦷ɲǣ壬˹֮Ǹĸ֥ǧĸϡҵԼнʿȫŵĿͷֲľޡ˵ĿУͷӴľƺоʲôĲ΢΢һ٣ֳһٻǻû˸Ѹٵķˡ
𣡡
һеĴƽ컹Ҫţʮֵ˴Ӹ߿ѹ£ϣһ˻ͷѵصսܲס޵ѹ͵˿ƣӷߺ˳ȥãã纣ĴƾҲǷ󾪺޵;ˡ
ûõģʳ˵Щ޺گľͬǲ¾죬ûоϵ㡣öԸķԸޣвͨ
վԶԣͻȻڵ
֮սʹͬķսʤگİţҪʹͬķԸʳ˵ľޣǳ롣һս˹ȻûвУǴʱʱ̶̿ڹעĶھ޶֪ӦⳡΣ޼ϣʧܣֲϣ׵ʧܣٲҪ
˰ɣ
дƽʨӺ𣬲ûֹޣԽļŭ𣬴𶯣һŭУϬξȫ棬ɽͰӴٶȲûм٣֮֮ǰԽѸˡŻصĿֲӰһɲǣÿ˶оĿ־壬ͺ뵽ج֮а㡣
塢ҵ֥ǧϡ˴һͳ죬һȫأ¶˽ŵɫ޵ٶȺܿ죬˻ʱԲࡣҪⳡΣҪ뵽ͷʳ޵ķ
鷳ǣڵĴû˱ܻܡ˱ܵĻǳһܻᱻƣܡ˹˺ͻˣ޴ӡ
Ʋ죬Ϳˣ
ŤͷʯԶϵǼԶٿ񱼵Ӱ
ȣ
ƺƣԽԽңɽͰľ޾˲ٶɵʱͻȻһ쳹ء˵ĿУʯƲϼ˴ͬ߱ϵʩչʯĸֵһθְأʩչʯĶ֮һ

ǲҪְģٶڻƲ˴ϵ˵ҪһΣΪʩչδΧġϵȫʩչȫ
¡¡𶯣һȦۿɼѸ˷ɢȥԭӲĵ棬Ҳˮ𵴺ͱ仯Ѹٵı

Ǵı֮һӲĵཬзȥƲʩչ˹֮ǸǴδʩչΪĵ쳣ӲʯеĻҪ
ֵطʩչľԻƲ侳۷ʵʩչҲĳˣͼģ仯Ʋϵְ棬ֻһ˶ɫ԰ףͷð亹
¡¡صԽԽңͷʳľѾԽԽƲ춼оһּǿҵΣգͷ̤Уֻ¾·һ
ߣߣ
һ£󣬾޿ֲԽԽһɲǣ˶סŵ˼㡣Ʋ˵ġݡȻѾɣǴʳ˵ľֻҪת䣬򣬻Ʋ˵Ŀ๦ҪΪС
ʮţˣߡ
ԽԽ˵еͷ޸ı䷽ûзУӴϬξȫһ⣬ûע⵽ƲǵĴڡ¡¡ĴУٶȺͷûзκεı仯
䣡
һ̣ʮƵĿУͻȻһ޺ɽͰľ޽һͺ̤һռһѸٵ³ءֻգۼ䣬ֻʣ²ӵĲֻ¶ڵϡ
壡
һ춯صĻͻȻɽХ㱬ʮԮһĻһܲѡ
̫ˣ
ƽģסˣסˣ
̫ˣ

ԭѹ֡ŵ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ֱʱ΢һ¡Ŀ־δֻ֪ͷʳһĺľޣֿ־Σյжôǿֳľǰ˵С΢ġ
ǻƲȴʹ򵥵ĵͷص˵£
ɱ
һɲǣʿǣһޱڵ£޷ôҲִֻ¾
үҴȥɵ
Ѧǧ˫ֱȭĿڣͻȻڵʿҲŴžޱڵµʱһ𹥻ͷٿֲƤټ͡أ·һ
϶ҧ
һ£
ͻȻֹ̧֣˵
üͷ壬鿴ȥޱȡȻޱסսĿѾʵ֣֪ΪʲôȴһŨҵĲУܸо鲢ô򵥡
ߣ
˭Ҳûע⵽ھޱڵµʱԶ޾ŵָӹһ糺ۣͻȻЦһ¶һ˿ļһССĵסѵľޣֱɡ
Щô׶ԸҲܳΪʳ۹ΪܱŷɥĿֲš
޴
žޱڵ£һ㲨ûСЩ˸֪Եʲôǵľ޴ݿѾ֮ԲָӾƿֻǲмѣΪûֱҪ
䣡
ƺӦ⣬ڵµϬξͻȻһһӴɽѵأڱֻһ죬ΧʮɵķΧڣеʯҳס޵ĵȫҵıըգ𺳵ĿУͷһ͵شӵһԾ
ã
ͷѳˣ
СģСģˣ

˶һĻסˣһƬҡ޴ӵѣ־˵˶Ϊ֮𺳣˿־ǣƲ˵ĵԽļŭˣͷڵɱȫ
Ǿ޴Ľɫ»ζţˣٳŵһ߳ȥ
ͣ£
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬һȣͻȻбɲǴŭУһֻ޴ֱʯɣݺݵĺϬξ޵ͷϡ
ʯ
ԣǻƲ콫
һ˫˫ĿԾĿԶ£ֻһͷ޴ģδйӴʯεض𣬳Ϭξ޵ԡͷʯ;޴ޱȣͨʯϡ
ʯ壡
ǻƲ˴ϵʯϵ֣һʩչʯϵǿߣֱֲʯͷ­˫֣ɣ˫ȣ֮ͷʷǰӴʯ


947 ս
䣡䣡
ʯһȭ䣬һȭݺݵϬξ޵ͷ­ϣһȭһȭ̶ʱڣʯٺȭÿһȭƴޱȣߵκεľ޷ġ
Ȼ޵ķҲļң֧޴Ľɫֻһ˦ݺݵײʯϣ䣬һɽѵľ죬Ʋ֮ʩչľ޴ʯֻһѹԵײķѣʯڵ׷ײɳȥ
ۣ
Ʋ˻ڿУ̲ס͵һѪ
̫ǿˣ
УƲ۾ɫ԰ףоһľ֮϶ɵľʯھ޵ĿֲǰȻ񵾲һͲһġ
ˣѾˡľֻܿԼˣ
ԺһͷƲʱ˹ȥ
ƽ
һʧһĻ̫ˣӻƲ켯֮ʩչ͵ʯײɳȥǰһ붼嶼ӦҪ˵ˡ
ˣȥԮƽǣ
ǣ
δ䣬һԣѦǧԾоŻƲ˱ײɵķȥȻ˵ΣڲŸոտʼŭľ޳˻ţѪ˫ۣԾ˵ٶȺ¡¡˳
ɣİɣɡ
̶ʱڣ޾ѾһǧˣκʱٶȰöࡣ޴ģʯһȣϵ̧ȻڿһԼٶ̤¡ÿһζ̤Ŀһһɽľ޴𶯺ͺ

Хɳʯǰ޵ɳʯ֮ɼǸ޴ĶƺѲ񷶼ˣѪɡ˲Ӵսһÿ˶ס˺ռֱϢ
Ѿûʱ˼Σգܵˣ˷Ŀ⣬ǧȫеͷӴľϡ
ɣ
ԽԽ
󲿶ӣ׼
һ侲Ͽڸǽ棬޷˿裬Ŀǰδеרעϣһеĳббâ

Ļڷߺ
һָӳ󲿶ӣһɲǼ䣬ߵĻڴǧӴĳһſļ׼˷ķеĳһսȫ˳뵽ⳡ֮սС
һ죬ټܰĳͬ˳һ׼Ӵľޡ
һ׼ͷ⣬ôӴĿ꣬ѾʧֵĿܡ
ǧ󳵵ļսһƬžʱһ̶·ֹ
ÿ˵඼ŵֱš
ǿֶΣҲɱﵣǷ̶ȣƻԶͨĹԱġҪԸͷޣֶˡ󶼽˶֣ǿвˡ
һɣ
ֻ׵ľˣ֥һ̶¶˽ŵɫסͷޣʮƾӾͻȫû˹󷽵¤ȫݡ
ţ
˽ŵĿУб־ԵȸֳصĻһǣؼžˡ
䣡
һɽХֱۻµɲǣǧܳǧƥ޼᲻ݵĴִͬһƿն˷ХܼӴľϡ
䣬һֳ룬ھ޵һִѪ˲û뵽˾޵ڣʧȻֻһʼŵڶĸǧ޴ĺɫûһɣȫû뵽˾޵壬ھ޵ǧѰľ޴Ѫ
໣
һֱɴݣɴݣأսʤϬξ͵ķһʹڵһˡԴƵ۹£ͷ߳ľޣҲˡ
ôܣ
һ̣Զ޾ŵͳ˧Ҳɵ¶һ˿𶯡Ծ޾Žڣ⻹һμһ۹ƾһսе˺ЩԻٳսޡ
䣡
ڶߺ͵ıһ춯أĻǧǧڸͷӭͷʹ
ţ
û˿ԥ峤һӣٽٴ´
䣬ǧܳһ䣬ǧٴκХû˾޵塣
ţ
գ֮䣬ٴ䣬ǧٴȫû޵塣ܵһ̴ﵽ˸߳ɽХֱǺܿ죬͸оһ˿ԡ
䣬һϤûڣȻ޵ҡ£裬ڴо޵µĳ沢ûг֡ǵˣܴȴȻڳŷߵķǰ
ϣȻоŨӴϢ
ΣⶼԶһͷеľ޵ӣ
ãʮ󣬵ʮ巽󣬵ʮ߷󣬵ڶʮ˷󡭡ȫ˿
ĺϿջص
ˣ̽ס׼֣
޵̫ǿˣһսѾ㹻ɨıǶھ˵ȻԵ˺ȻܵˣȻٶȼǰ
䣬һֻ޴Ľƴնڵϣҳʮɡ
ԽԽ
ʮɣ
ֻвһףޣÿ˶оʵı΢С;޵ȣ˵̫Сˡʥ侳۷ĵ۹󽫶޷־ȡ
䣬û˷ӦǱƥľ޽ɨһθǽֻһʳȫƷĸ֮ǽ𣬱ǹɽ÷ŷ˳ȥ

һҽУʮܲĸ֮ǽУ˴һ˳ȥȻһлԶûнգۼһֻ޴Ľƴ䣬ֻβײڸǽϣֱ̤Ĵ֮С
䣬ֻһ죬ɲǼ䣬ѪҺʮǺĹӶսʿʿԶûһֱӾͱ̤һ

һĻɫˣ˫Ѹٱͨޱȡ޵̫Ӵˣÿһƶ붼ԶѾǰ׼ˣȻ޷赲ͷޡ
ħ󣡡
ʯ䣬âһһͷ޴ıͣİεض𣬸һֻ֣ɽĴִȭھ޵ϡͬһʱ䣬֥ǧĸϣԼѶɣԼеĸֶ׷׳ˡ

̫󣡡
󣡡


λ۹󽫼ĸ֣мλ׼һɲǷ׷׳֡䣬һһϵӴľϣôĶ֣ǾҲоһӴѹв֮ǰʤҵľޣһܵش


948 ս
أ
Ϭξ޷һĲҺѪȪϸͬٲһкһ޽µܲɺѪˮǣ˴Ѫ졣
廯ıħ˲ͬıϺھϣЩеĵطӴ£ЩڵĴִһٴȥ
ĿģҪЩֱ޵֮С
ͷȫЩ࣡
ս𣬾ıըУеĴƶ춼ۼһһ㣬ͷޡ
ϣųУϬξֻʯĽɱȥһЩսԾȸֳ޵֫ž޵֫ضȥ
֥壬ϻгǧﶼˣʥ侳۷弶ĵ۹󽫳֣ͷ޿ºѵֿסʳ۹Ҫһͷ޽ǿ»Щѣ
Զ³ɣҰԶͻȻڵʮӵΧһͷľޣֳ澪춯أ˶ģرӴ񣬻аĴ󶼻֥ǿ֣߳ǿľޣҲ޷ڸǵĹâ޵ĲҺҲ˵⡣
ûô򵥣ĸȷʵʵͷҲûô𣡡
ʱһӶߴǴ󽫶˼΢۾ӥǹˣͻȻڵ

ɣҰŤͷ΢΢Щȡ
ûоͷȻܵشϢ࣬ϢΪֹǳʢϵǲƤĤ̫ˣ֥ǵĹĲϣƤĤֵˡ
˼˫֣ڵ
˼˵ûϾûа취ȣǼȲ书Ҳʩչʽ־һŵ㣬ǿ֥Ҫɱͷޣֻ²һʱ䣬һǲʵֵġ
һŵӶߴƮƮƮݳҲʱ򿪿ˡ
ɣҰʶɨһۣתͷԶս˼
һжʹԼ˼жϲ࣬Զ˻ʹĴ̼£ҲеǱȫŷ޵ĽɫһĸȵֿסУƷɳȥž޻һڣӴݺײڳǧﻯ̫ϣǧվסŵŵţȥ˲ˤڵء

Ծ޵ķâ֥òݱӧͷʵ̫ǿˣȻÿһܸشǾɱвٵľ롣ҾǸɫĶǣ˵ĸоҲΣգ
壬Сģȥˣ
޵Ķǳײȥ֥æѡ
쵰
ݺݵȭͷʱҲˣȻħ񣬵ϸûгֵıĽƣԸǿûжôǱȸֽıƤ޷͸
ۼ޳ҧȴ޷ˣĴþڷ۳ңֻҪ룬Ȼ˲ء
ҿ
廯ħıֻľ޴ֱۣݺץĽɫ޴ǣ׳ֱİסͷǰ㣬ĵסʵĵ棬ȫŷ
䣬𶯣˫ڵ޴ģĺۼڻʮԶ֮ڵסϬξ޵ĳǣ޵Ȼǳǿôʮɵľ룬ھ޵ĳ£һƬңϲ֪ٹӶʹսʿ޵̤Χ֮һƬңʬʬ
ôһ򵥵ĳǧ˾޵Ľ¡
Уþɵ
ؽҧаżͷ޻Զûеµʱ취ɱдʿڵʮʮ֮ϣΪͳ˧ڸû·
ǧϣȥ
֥˶δ䣬һȣһ˳ȥȻûǳȥͻ𡪡
𣡡
һ춯صŭ𣬱赲סȥ·ͷҲ͵Դ󷢣һӴ͵شڱͷ­һڣȻƣһȥ
ã
һɲǣ˷׷ױɫν֮ʳ˵ͷޣƺԽأԽǿԽǱԽǼеǱڵ״̬û˿ƣڽһƬѪ
䣬ʯ䣬룬һƣͻȻﵽϬξ޵ϣһĻͻԶľ޾ԼǴ󽫶˼ˣƤ
һǷӣ
Ǵ󽫶˼Ψһͷ˶óͷѾˣȫʧȥƵ״̬״̬ľޣ־޾ŵͳ춼ûа취ơ
ֹ
廯ħ񣬴ʱȫѾȫоĶеעȫͷϡ
䣬͵һȭϬξ޵ͷ­ϣǵڶȭȭȭֻȭͷĹܼ꣬ȻҲûֹסͷϬξޡܸоĵ֮ѸٵûҪǣûֹ޴ǰ档

һ󾪻ſ־Ĵӵ洫ÿʱÿ̶дԮھ޵Ľ£һƬһƬһһѣѪˮڵʣܶҽжͱ̤ࡣ
ĶѪԸоĵһǧսʿ˾޵Ľ¡ֹͷϬξޣֻӡ
ֹ
ؼʱ̣֥ǧϣϯԪڳһͷһͷ̫ټϸ֥΢΢ס˷ľޡ䣬һһȭϵ£ص춯Уǧﻯ̫һ޴ƶͬһ߰㣬ȫסһȦһȦεס
۹󽫼ǿ֣סͷޡۣ֥еĳһĽϵĺڣһ޴ѪӲͣĳ֣ϪѪȪӿ
塢ǧϡϯԪ졭и֣ϵݺ۳ҵơȭȸֽͬ󲻶ϵϬξ޵Ϣڼ½ǼܵĴˣͷ޻û
ȻʹţƺҪǰ˿ֲȫԽ
Ӧýᣬָɵǣ
Զϣ˼Զⳡ֮սͻȻ˸âⷭͻغͶç֧סˡֻ΢һ˼⣬Ϊ⶯
޵ĳѾ˵սȫңԴڵ״̬˹˺ͻʱַܹǴң׻ǡ
ͷӹԺʼ˻ԥģʹˡ
ǻغͶç֧Ƕ˼ûжǿһˡ


949 ĺУ
һģȴڡ
ƺо˵Ŀ⣬ͻȻˡһ仰סˡ
ǣᣬ񲻿ϧˣ
˼
Ƶ޿ǰ۴䣬Ƿ裬ҡҡͷ
ѵûзôõĻᣬʳȴڶûг֣
һ䣬նʱһ䣬λĵ۹üͷһ壬ʶ˴ʳ˵ķԽ˹֮ǰߣֻص࣬˺ããһʳľͬɫĳˮӵ޾Զ
Ǿ˵޽ôõĻᣬǴʳȴǱݷȫûһ˼
һĻλ۹󽫶ʱĬˣһüͷø
ʳ̫ˣǲֻ֣˵һ⣬˹ֲΪǳֵʱǻĺ֣
ĿǣͻȻڵ
˳Ĭɫ䶼¶һ˿𺳵ɫֻǿʼѾôˣֶΣ˹ĴƾľǴͷȫû³
𺳵ģǴʳ˵ĿֲֶΡӵʲôܹǶԿ
ⳡսϾǴʳʹ֮սǰѾңȻңʵд棬з֮ˣ󷨵ãٻ۹󽫼ǿߡʱǿгȥ˵ҡʧأ˵ᱻʳӡ
޵
һ仰˵˶оΪ죬Ҫǵֻôսϻܶ֡ϵ飬޿ôô͸
ȷʵ˹غͻڻֻǺʹʳ˴ͬ˫˻ԶûôΪڳ嶯ʵ±ʳӣѣǽòʧ
Ƕ˼ǻأ˭ҲԸȥӴľޣ
Ǻǣ
΢΢һЦ֪Ѿ׹
ԶҪõĶ࣬פס˵ĺ·ǶԴĹڸҺˣаϵĴ˶ܹûܡĵòʧˡ

޺Ͷ˼ʱԶߺλ;֮սҲ׶Σ廯ħ񣬿ӴϬξϣеĽһһƣݺݵôϬξϣֱۣҲʹȫޡ
Ȼ幥ҵʱͻȻһĸодһ˵ĸоͺԼ;ĳͬĻȼһ
½֮
ڤڤһԺͻȻ֮ѹ
ô£
΢΢һԸоĵһֱĬ½֮ͻȻ֮ѹҶԾ޲һǿԴиоĵһǿҵָоԽԽǿҡ
䣡
ϸ룬͵ıһ˲һȭȭɲǣһɫĻ纣һӿ˲串סһұۣȻݺݵھϡ
أ
ԭ֮еľޣͻȻһǰδеʹ೤˻ŨϢһɲ˲һأ֮ǰκһι
ֹˣһȭµͬʱܹԸоĵһӴŨϢ纣һӾڳ뵽Լڡ
̫ˣ
徫ɲ֮½֮ӿ˲Ϣסħֱۣ䣬û˿ԥֱ㣬ͣĺϬξ޵ͷ­ϡ
꣬һȭȼɫľݺݵھ޾޴Ľɫϣֻһ죬ѿ˳ȥʧȥǣޱһӴƽɽ㣬صĵȥ
¡¡ھ޵µɲǣ𶯣εĸ֮ǽҵ䣬׷׷˳ȥ
ƵĹǧַܳԼ󽫿Ĺͷ޵Ҳߵ˾ͷ
ڳɹˣ
һ֥һݣӾӴɫ΢΢Щ԰ףͷ޶в󣬵ǿȴ˸֥൱Ĺ
ǷǳҸоʳַʽǵʵ
һ࣬ǧﻯ̫һʱһھϵ˻ɫҲ̫ãΪ˱شһսҲƴȫ
Ժ˵֮£ӡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲһðͷΪͳ˧ĵģǾӵ״޳Ʒߵʱʵ̶̵̣ܶʱ䣬ԴĳȴǻԵģʮԮ䣬ѾȫûͿԡ
ôˣ
ŤͷһĵĿһ
һ仰˲˵ע⣬Ŀ׷׹ĵķ򣬾˵ĿУ廯ħھ޵ϣһ˳˼ӣ鿴ǳ졣
û¡
ҡҡͷȻعδ䣬һâ˸ܿɢȥϵħָ˱ӡһݣѸٵ˾޵ʬ塣
ᣬλ
󲿶ȫ׼ʱ
ҵ֪£ӣ
ѶɣԿ֮ҪǾȶǵˣ

ڽżŵصɲǣָܿ򶨣̶ʱڣһ׼ȷѸٵķȥԭɢҾŵĴʱࡣһϵеȥʱͷޣֻվͷ޵ߣܸоӴ󣬻ӿŵĿֲ
ܾѾǰĶ̶һɲǣµӡԶĥġ
үѾˣһʧһң൱һǱ̤ģ⻹ǧƥս޾ܡصǣھĲȣʿͣǵ˻ãļЩӶȴӰ졣ڣǶоսܵ⣬һֵĲӻ̲סܡ
ͻȻһҵ˫ֱȭ
ֹˣкܳһεĸ߱޴ݻ٣޲޵ʬҲǺܴ⡣ʬѹǵķϣʮɳľûа취޲ģȱǵķɺܴӰ졣
ѦǧҲʱ˫ֱȭ
޵鲻ᣬʳҲûа취ʹ޵ʬ壬ЩٵĸߣϽ˿޲⣬֮
˵˴ͣ
ڣ
ͬʱ֮һ
Ǽ׼ôˣ
ͻȻڵһ䣬Գǧ֥ϵ˶ǻһ𣬲뿴˹Ǵ˧˭޷ҡģľ˻棬Ǿ仰Գ֥Ҳһ˿㵡
ʳ˵־ޣֵ÷ǳͻȻûκסԾ֥Ǻ֪ģǿķӦѵ׼


950 ;
үӸոͷ޳ֿʼѾֿ֯ʼװˣ;󣬽ṹӣʱ»Ҫһʱܹװɡ
֮ͷ
壬⵽ô£Ǹ;ʲô
֥̲֮סǰʵг󣬵ȴû˵;˵˵Щ;ʱͬʱҪװǸ֥֮ǰ֪ġ
μӹ֮սʱ˹һ֧˾ţ飬֪ġ
̹Ȼ
֥˵ͷ֮սӰǳ󣬸֥ҲȥЩϢ֪
Ǻʲôϵ
Щ;Ϊ˶ԸЩ˵ģ
ûɴ
֥ɫһ̲ס͸һ˿㵡
֮սҾһԸӴĶ֣չһֱǺ˳Ƶĳһֱܣǰһֱû;˵ûʵ黨˲ٵĹֱڣһչ
˽о;Ը𵩾˵ģԸɽͰľޡѾû취ˣֻҽ˲֪ȴʳ˾ֻһͷޣһεĹֻǰѡ
ʱȣ͸֥ԲߵʱԶ˹վڴ󷽣Ŀ͸սž޺ڵϵӴʬ壬ãŻջĿ⡣
ʧˣҲûа취˴Ƶķߣ
һǵüͷͻȻڵھ޾ųϣȴϣġ
˹ֳĬû˿Ķֻתͷһ򡣾ھʮɿĵطһ糺ӰĬĬţǾ޾ŵͳ
ֻżȻ
ƺװ˹е˼һ糺ҧ
ûҵľ޾Ŵݻٲ˵Ķ֣Ҳûҵľ޾Ż˵ĳǳءٸһλᣬҽ׵Ĵݻǣ˺ǵķߣٵǵĳǳأ
ݺݵȭͷûȻһսϣĵ۹󽫡ӦóֵȴʳǰģһȵĴ󽫻Ҫˡ
ҪݻǣֻҪ˺ǵķߣٵǵĳǳؾͿˡģǵ顣
˹ڿڵƽޱȡ
ҲȲ࣬ڰ˹ֵļƻУûָͨǣ׵Ĵݻٶ֡
ԴݻЩƵľӣ͸֥ЩĽ죬ܣ
㣡
˹ֵĻ˲͸һŭ⡣һֳΪ޾ŵͳ죬Լ﷢ʵ۵ĸûĸܶ
Ҫ˱µּ⣬һζսҲߵָӹ١һָӣȲҪ˵ܲɱԷͳ죬ݻٶԷķߣԼǳּ򵥵ɲˡһԥĸɵ㡣﷢ҲһȲ㣡
˹ɭȻͬһ㣬ȫΥ
Ĭ˹ֵĻһ裬˵ģ˹ֲߡٲʣλѪܶǰҲòԼͷ
Ըܶˣһ˵ģ
Ҿ;Ϣˣ
˹һܿջĿ⡣

սȻѾǽŵȴ޼
ڵһߺ󷽣һȺΧһæµšΧɢ޴ǵм䣬һӴеѾ¶һ˿Ρежʮ׳Ӵеˣܹ˵ġ
ȻûнɣǴӺӴ֮Ȼ侪ˡ
е;
κζģЩޱȻҲһΣһҪҵǵ
֮µĹܹģ㾡ȫװ;ʱǰͬ˼һ⡣Ծ޾ŲǺ˽⣬еϢȫԴ˵ԼԶﴫСϢ
ۺϸϢʳ۹ľ޾ſںƽ֮ǰѾĬĬʧʷĳС˼ǿĶֻ֣˵һ㣬Щޱӵֲľ޴ȱݺ
ǵʲôǵʲô
Ժд˷
Ӳϣĳ޷ȷϣΪϵĲһˣʮĴԲǧԼʦ¤İȫֻҵ׽޵ķпⳡսʤ
𣡡
˼ʱԶ𶯣ӴϢŰͣ쫷һ㣬ǵأͻȻ˵ĸ֪Сһ͵̧ͷֻԶӰ仯ͷӴĺӰ˿ѷɫ֮ǰϬ;ޣͻȻڵƽߴ

󷽣Ⱥ󾪺оոǳսĴսʿ͹Ӷһɫʱò԰ޱȡ
һͷѾԶԸˣͷͬǿľһ֣ڴ˵ֱ֮֡
ô죿
ȥ˳
ʮһп级ˣޱȡĿ׷͸֥ķھǰʵ̫΢ˣʱֻܰϣλ˧ϡ
û˵սеһѾѳƿأҲû̫õķ
𣡡
һһ˹Ĵƾο־壬ͷӭ⣬սҫ۵⣬ͷ޵ӰԽԽҲԽԽӴģ˿Աͷޡһͷھ޴ĺȴһЩϬ;޶ûеļӲۼףЩۼһƬһƬһһ㣬γһӴףͷЩƺľޣȫ
һͷޣһͷ޴ҰżӲĺɫë֫ݡ׳Էİɫ촽ͣشŴǶɺԶΰ˹֮ǣƺʱ׼Ź
ͷޣͻ֮ǰϬ;޸ӵǿҲӵΣա
ž
޳鶯ڿһ˦ݺݳڿմһľ죬һʳ٣һߣһߴţ߰׳ıӣϵشߴͷޡֻһĹͷ޾ѸٵĸϵսԵ
ͷ޵ĵʳ˵Ϊ֮һ䣬ٴ
£££
ǧĴʳսʿͷ͡Űľޣ׷׾˫ۣڴʳ۹˶֪Щǵ۹ʵ۹﷢ϲĳҲǿ־ĴǷǳΣգֻҪܹݻٶ֣Ǿõѡ
ܶˣͷҺͱĹȣݻٹܶĳǳأڹǺƷûбǸͻڣƵĳҲѶɺܴвǵ͡ٶȶ֮ǰġߡܱġ
վͷǰջĿ⣬Ťͷ򰬲˹ֵ


951 ޣ־ߺͻߣ
˹û˵ͷӴľޣʯһЩͷԺڵ۹ʷȷʵͷ׹جΰӡЩĹԺУʹǵڶ׷
ͷ޾ĵطеķȫʧµֻлʮƵ飺
ͷǿ־ߺͻߣ
˹ƤһЩͬ

Ȼĵ˵ͷͷ޵֣ʳ۹Ǵ棬ѾòȥˡֻҪֵ֪ģûв̸ɫ䣬ŷɥġ
ڰ˹ֵķӦ൱⡣
ʼɣ
Ťͷź󷽴žŻıһ죬ͷԭͣȻٴλжǧĴʳ糱ˮȥͷóͨ
˵ĿУͷԭһԶľޣķָεۼ׾Ķ׼ԶߣڶͷҰľһ˫ɺ졢ŰѪ׼Զߴ󡢺ΰ˹֮ǡ
ˣ
ֻһССı仯ԶƵע⣬ʱһƬɧ
ˣʳ˿ʼжˣ˹֮ҲǵĹĿ֮У˹֮Ǳƣǿºѵֵ
ߺѦǧŤͷ壬ǲ
һ׻ҵ佫һ񻰾޵սѾȫԽôʳ˹ƳǽǵڴƻûндģľսȾѾʧȥıݺ̡
˹֮еغʳеĹսʱϢʧȥǷЩ˽ʧءֹˣ˹֮Ǳƣ߾ͻͬ裬ʳ˾ֶһķ
ٽһ˹֮ǰ౻򴩣ʳ˺ͻˡ˹˾ܳ״ͨϡ彨ߣָɵ˵սԾͻ᳹׵ʧܡ
۹һǿǿ֣ڴ˵֣֮
壬ǵľûа취ͬʱԸͷޣ
֥Ҳˣλ綨һսҲ͸¶һ˿ŵɫĸ˼ϴ֮ʩչƴȫɻ˺ܳʱ䣬ɱͷϬξޣ̻ʧ˽ӽһĴ
ڳͷޣ˵ɢ¾˽Ӳء
ٳִΧˣĻʿ᳹׵ı
ǧҲ¶һ˿Ͳ
Ĳս֪յս֪ԼʤɣҶˡһĲֻ֪ʲôܲܰȥ
֮;ôˣжò׼ã
ͻȻڵһƬ
У;ֻһ룬֮ǰûͲ֪ܲܳɹ֪ܲܶԸޡһжҪڵʱ
֮Ķޣ׵ķ˿ͣ趯
սԽԽˣǾ׼ǰס˹֮Σأÿ˶ܸоͷƤ顢ըǿҵΣҪÿ˶Ʒ衣
֮еĽźͽһ㶼Ȳ١;һ룬ûʵܶطǷǳɺͲģֻ֮ƴȫŬԼΪһʦһװһߵԡ޸ġ
һװľԱߣһٶ߻¯ͬʱŻ棬ܵȼšÿһ¯Աʮͬʱæµţһɹȵĸ֭ðźͲͣ˳һֲһģ
֮쵼һٶ飬ֳ;ʱ㲿ķʽٶȣʹ;뷨ܹΪʵһγ½ϡĽ֮޷Ԥˡ
û˵Խĳء;ֻһ룬һ˿ϣȴܰеϣԶͷȻɫأļӿӿ˶ϣϣ֥һ˿ϣ
ֻԼ֪һ̣Եѹж󡣵ȴһ˿һı¶
ҵһʿڡ
֮ͳӽС⣬ҪҴһٶʮ׳ֱһ׵׶αҪжྫٶҴ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ѸٷһϵеЩ޽սƥȸֳĽƣڶԸЩӴľʱԵԶáҪһЩǿģʵ
ˣһʿڣǷ̫׵ڵĴʳ˹ˣ֮ûйΪǵĴڳ⣬һáӳڣǵıпͬʱǷ
ǧЩ
ǧﲢľЩӦȴòǵġ
ǲģҲûʵ޽ǾͿԴӶȫͻΧ㣬Բᶯ˹о仰˵ûȷʵþǵʵĿ֮ǰ׶֡ңھ޽ʱ򣬴ʳӱҲͬܵ޵ĹˣֻҪǳıһ룬޺Ͱ˹־Ͳ׵Ľ
Ŀǣ˵һսûбܰսֵˡһһÿһ˼ǵĽ
ˣ
ĽͣǧеǣȻ˲١

˵ʱӿս࣬ɳʯһҰ޺ﴫ̶̵ֻʱ䣬ͷѾĿڷ˽䣬ʯ䣬ͷһһңð㣬˹֮ǵ
¡¡غһͷģͷȫӲëҰ״ޣһŤֻһգۣͳͷ״һӵľ롣㼫죬̳ʮ׸ߡ
һ࣬Ȼ״޵ٶȣûҰ״ô죬Ǳܵٶͬ˵ĸо׾ͷһǰһȫŴƵĸߺ˹֮ǳ
׼
һĴ쳹ϷеĴѸټ׼رǰ󳵲ӣһֳĺɫУѸţ׼ǰĿꡣڵԮܹɽͰ˺ģҲֻг󲿶ˡ
壡
֥ŵڶԶɳǵأɽͣس˹֮ͷһͬ棬ǹɿֲƣԶԶ֮ǰϬ;ޡʶϬ;޵Ŀֲƻ֥֪־޵Ĺжô£Ҫǳ֮ǰǰǣĻȻʧءڷأЩӴҲڴɾ޴ˡ
Ҫľ޴˶취ǰ
ͷۼ׾޽ңġߴˣ̴ˣиףͽǶԸˣ
ʱȣضᣬһ䣬͵һԽһߣ
ҵӰ
ıȣϿջ졣


952 Σ޳
޵ʵǿûй˵ݺͷӦ޷ޣóȻĽǷˡ߱ʵһսģֻгڳûڳɽ֮䣬ýԳˡ
ңħҪǧʩչҲǵԭ
ϣս˻һ˷ݳߵͬʱǧڴһ̳޾ɫԶͷɽĺξޣ۳Ҷȥ
սڵ־սѾΪǿ󣬲ʲôΣն

һĻǧ֥˶Ǵʧɫ˭Ҳû뵽ľȻȻҪȥһͷޡ
ʳ˵Щ޼ֲ˵޷ֿͷϬ;ޣοڵǹƥһ˶Կͷǿľޡ
ˣл̫Σˣû˿ԶԸһͷޡģ
ǧｹĿ⿴Լҵ˧֥
ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һĸϴӺ˹
սص֮أΪһ󽫣ͱӦκ״ľ򣬰³ç֮ôһЩ֮ǻ취ôһͷޡ
˵ţŤͷһһͷοҰľޣһȣѾҪ嵽ǳˡ
Ҳֻˣ
֥һ˹֮ǹϵش̣߿ƣ˹֮ǾԲƣζֹͷޡ
ǧϯԪ죬˸
֥һսͷҰξޣ۶ȥ

ͬһʱ䣬ɫ£´˾¡¡ضҡĲϵѸٴӵһǰжϵڶ쳹ء
ʲŵжսոǱýޱȣ˵Ŀ⿴ǰޱȡ
ֲ̫˼λˣѾû˿ԶԿЩޡ
ϣǶܵǣĻ˶ˣ
ӮģһӮġˣ

һенŲǵ̫Сˣ˶ףǵľϵλˡ
飡
һǰǧıǰһ¸߲ͣĲţҶԽԽ󡣺һǿͬ˰صײһϣһ¸ߵֵסѹ¡һƽɽ㵹ڵϣһĺ
ͷ޺͸֮ľ̵˲ǧɵľ룡

ԶԶģ˹֮ǵǽͷϣһӰָԶͻȻ󾪺ȳģͷòľޣͷɫҰһȻӸߴֺ˹֮ȥֻһƬããĻɫӴǧ֮Զ
ĳУͷζ״ľ֣ɺĶ˹֮ǣ޾Ļǿһۣ˶̲ס飬һĿ־塣
ǧɣ
һǧɣ
һǧɣ
ɫҰľͻٶȱĶҪö࣬ǧɵľ룬һζֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ͷ޾Ѿؼһ磬ţܵ˾˹֮ǲ㲻һǧɵľ롣
ϣ
ͻȻһı쳹ԭҰȺ;޶ֵģһﵱȣȳ塣Ǹ֥ǧλ۹󽫼Ķǿߡ

̫󣡡
󣡡
ֻһɲǼ䣬޴εضɽȭӸŸ֥һͷɫҰξޡ

ͬʱһűҵĻ̫ҪĿȻӵϵ𣬻ΪһͷչʮɳĽڣ̹ܣݺݵײھ޵ϡ
ʱ׼İǺѶҲӺ󷽸Ϻףųˡ

һʹУɫҰ״ľͷ­𣬳˻һǣͷܵɲǣͷһȻû˿սһ׼Ĺһݶ˲ʧ˹֮ǵķ
ʲô
һĻ˴ʧɫ˳Ŀģϣַʽսסͷޡͷ޵ķӦȴʹ˵ķӦȫˡֹˣֻһĹ򣬸֥˾͸оͷ޺֮ǰϬξȫͬ
Ƥ񡢸ܣҲӲӵ͸Ӳĺɫë֥ǧ˵Ĺ൱һֶɼӲĺëˡ
ס
ϸ룬һȺæͷɫҰľ׷ȥһѾˡ
¡
ʯײһ˵ĿУͷҰľһ͵Ĺһصײ˹֮ǽϡֻһ춯صľ죬һɲǣӲĵرͬ˰㷺һԵĲƣһɳֱӴӵرڿն𣬷һƬĺ
Ƶ˹֮ǣͨһӵ¸ĵطʼҵҡΣͷ·Ҫһ㡣ĳʯͣĴӳǽ

һľӳд־һ㼱ٵĴһΣ˹Ӷ˲ٵЩΪڹӦţ򣬾ǸϹġ־޹˵ֱجһ
ȻûǷӦɫҰľһصײ˹֮ǵǽϡ
ԣ
һӦĶ˼Զֺ˹֮ǣ˼üͷ
ô£ʳ˵ľ;޴ˣ󽫶ס˹ĳǽôֵܵסȫһ
ȻԶ˹֮ǿΡΡʱᵹ¡Ƕ˼ڴеĿɲһĻϣģ˹֮ھ޵ĳ£ѡһĻͷ޵ȫһȻ޷˹֮ǣľˡ
ûô򵥵ģ
޵ݵԱߴŵϣû˿⣺
˹֮ǽڼ֮ǰʱ˹һƬߣڵһƬս˹ĳڽǵʱ򣬾Ѿǵ˹ǵ⡣ڵ½һ޴ġʮɲر󡯣ʱͻ˶ʮʱ䣬߰ʮĿľϣе˿֮·ϣһԶĳǳأֵܹѡ
ҡʮɲر󡯱Ǽǿĵϵ󷨣˹֮ʹõִʯڵϵ£˹֮һ壬Ҫ治ô׵£ʳ˲ʹõϵ߹Ҳԭ򡣡
޵
ʮɲرôû˵
˼΢΢۾һŵ
Ǻǣһٶǰġ˹־УҲŪĹ±ʳ۹ĻʵϲռǣһҲС֪˲࣬ȴʵɡ
˷䵭ϲȺ飬ռĲֻǴƵľʷӼԼ۲߹±Լȵĸ־
˹֮ǹϵشôܲȥֵռϣ㹦Ρ


953 ֮
ǣ˹֮ǵġʮɲرôĻ޶޷ƣǴƾڲ֮ˣ
Ҳ̲סüͷڵ
Ǻǣûô򵥡
ҡҡͷȻ
˹ġʮɲرѾٶǰˣһǰЩת飬ټϲ׺ɣ½ر仯ѾѴӴȡ㹻ˡʱֻԭ̫õġֻҪʳͷ޽ϵĹĸɴﵽޣǳǳƿʱ򡣡
޵鵭ȴһǿţ˲ŷ
սս꣬ԹָǿĶ֣Ͷ˹˵ǻԼǿļȻʳ˵ľ޾Щ⣬޵ĹܿסⳡսĽࡣ
ϺʲôܹԤˡ
֮࣬ͷҪòܹ˹֮ǣ
һͻȻԴ˼ڵ
˲ҵʲôЧķᳬյʱ䡣
ŵ

Զ¡¡ضɽҡ˹ͷɫҰľ޻ײ򼷻򹰣ֻʶŻ֪ͷΪʲôᱻΪǰĻߡٶȺƵʣԶԶ˵ֻһʱ䣬ͶǳطεĹ
¡¡ܼײ쳹ǳأǳڣΣ־ﵽ˶塣
ǳڣ˸ûа취ܣ޵ÿһι˵һ
ɵҪǽ
ܼĹ֥ǧϡѶɣһľԾַĹ̶ȣǳظֲ˶ʱ䡣䣬ܼĹһ㣬ͣںɫҰľϡ֥ǧ򶥼ĵ۹ҲǼˣÿ˶ƴȫ
ûõģߡľ޲һκ͵Ĺ˵ۿֻۣͽͶѡ
ԶΧߡĳЦ
ߡڵ֮Ϳǵ˽ǳصĹУܻܵһЩǿߵӣķһʼͱ趨ĺܸߡһǵһͷߡ޷ġ
ֹ֥ʽµƶûа취ԡߡʲô˺

¶һ˿ЦʱͻȻһ춯صĺдӶߴһ͵Ťͷֻһ򣬺ΣһƬƬۼ׵ġ־ߡķһͷ޴ı񣬻ȼɫĻ棬͵ؽȭݺڿ־ߵͷ­ϣɫĻ總֮ȭͷϣӵˡ־ߡϣ͸ۼ׵ķ϶ӡ
־ߡķǿ鲼ȫЩۼףһ̶ȡߡֹܵ廹ȭͽ־ߡú˵ȫ
ȫܹоó־ߡܵشҳž޴ʹ࣬Щв
ⲻܣȫϵû˿Ը־ߡô˺
͵۾𾪣ȫԼǰһС
ô£
˵˹ֶ¶һ˿ݡ
޵ӹɵģ˹ֿԿ϶淢Լ֪ı仯ĻһƵĵ۹󽫣Բöġ־ߡʹú
ҵȫĹؽڣ⣬ȫע⣬Сľ޵̤
ŭ羪һ㣬ڿҰϻصħ񣬴Ӳαס־ߡͷ­ֱַ£ÿһȭ㾡ȫ
֮ǰĲ²õ֤ʵ½֮ԸЩƺо޴Чÿһȭ£嶼ܹоһɹǿҵϢӾϲϵӿԼڡ廯ħ񣬱ֻд󽫳ʵǵõЩ޵֮ļӳ֣粻ϵһʵҲӴ󽫳ڲϵط賤һ·ڵľ磬ֹˣ屾ʵҲõ˴ȵֱӴʥ侳ʥ侳أһ·ʥ侳أ׼ľ
˵ﵽ׼ǽһʵı仯Լǽ֮ɵħ񣬶ﵽһߵľ硣
𣡡
ܵĹ״ۼ׾Ҳŭˣŭһݺݵĳײ˹ȥȻȻʵ֥ˣսǴ󽫶˼Ķڶκβ˵ˡ
飬һ޴ֱ֮Ӵۼ׾޵һ࣬Խһ࣬صɲǣֻȭܼ꣬ϡɫĻԽޣÿһȭȥۼ׾ϵ֮һݣÿһȭб仯
ڴʳľ޾˵ֱǴδй¡
Ǹ쵰ʲôˣˣҸɵ
˶ŭˡ
֣أ
ûõģֵĹֵ۹ûһá
һбɲﴫǵ¿Զɫޱȡ˵ǵ¶û뵽֡޾ܳΪ﷢µԭ򡣾ǵ£ﵽ۹󽫼ҲûаնԸκһͷޡ
ǰǵ¶޷͡
ֻ˵ԷĴϣʲôܹƾ޾ŵĶɫĻ棬ǱĶڴʳ˵ɾԲʲôϢ
ҲֵĹûãǸ˱ҪΪ˵۹ⳡս
һָԶ壬ĿȴǿԶİ˹ֺǵλͳ˧ְǸ𹥳ӵأƽ֣ݻٶԷӴӡڶԷеǿߣڰ˹ֺǵ¡
˼˱¶ķǳ
ɺĶӣرǰ˹ֺǵ±븺в
İɣˣһսܽΣܻŷض
һѹ˹ĿͻȻڻˣն͸һɲɵζ
ʵϣ㿴ˣһ˿뿪ڴ֮ǰһҪ֮ǰԼݻ˵ķߣǵĳǳأ
һ仰˹Ŀ岻
۴һĿ־ڷ֮ͣͲǰһƵĵ۹󽫾ս϶Ǽ䲻ǵġҲϴʳ־˹Ҫǳ׵ĴݻٴƵĸߣûЩߣսڽȻͬ
˵ʮĴʳѽԷ׵Ĵݿ塣
ף
ܶ˷ģҴӦ飬Ȼһġ
ô˵ĻʱҲһ죬ĹΣǿ־ߣǻߣڶûлԷĳǳأǵķߣھ޾˵һֳ衣
û˿ԥ֣ܿһȫۣʦģˡ


954 Σգǰף
ণ
ǰҲƬ̵ĹһݶĹǵͻȻսէ𣬸ոձ幥ģȫʹеġ־ߡͻȻ˼֡˫ɺ̧ѸٵĴϣƵԶߣԼߺĴսʿ
ãʳڴ߶ޣ
΢о˲սƴȫҪֹͷޣսڷ֮ԱشԱڣʳҲע⵽㣬ڼ
𣡡
һ춯ش𣬾̧ͷɲǣ־Ľ붯͵һ̤ʱһӴϱ
ҵСģˣ˿
ͫһоһ˿Σա
һֱڵϣ޴̵ֶ֫ʱдھ޵档ͻȻѣпҪʧء
쳷
ҵӰ˸ոճоһ޾ĳͻȻ𣬶ڳ֮Уͷۼ׵ĴʳһӴȫƥٶȣǰ߳ݶȥ
䣬ﳷɲǣһֻ˶Ľƴɽ壬ͻȻ串ѹ£̤ԭվλãڵһ޴ģݵĽӡǸ޴Ľӡ󾪺ǷӦ죬ڿһƬˡ
ȥ
˻ھʵʱһӾĴȣͻȻͷϷעһֱڿ־ϣͷʳͻȻԶͻʱ廯ħһۣڵʯ䣬ԥ͵һ˳ž޵ı£ץס˾޶Сĺβ͡
𣡡
һе֣³ϥǰף⼸ֱֻĶס˾޵ĺ裬ƴȫ赲ޡȻ޵ǿȻÿһܺ൱Ϣͬʱ
ڵӾﵽ˵۹н׵ĵزǺ;ɻž޴Ĳࡣîŷ߳ʱ򣬾嶼޷赲
𣬿ХǵأĳɳмԶĸǵض𡣶εۼ׾޾͸ڿ棬ڶȥͣھ޵Ĵҷ£ħڵĺۼ̳ǹ
Ķ֣
ɫ䡣

һ󾪺ǰߺսʿ׷׾ŵȥһǧɣ˰ɡԽԽҲԽԽţԽԽſֽ֣һĳֻǶ̶̵ʱڣƾѾһı
ͷۼ׾ٶȳߣı¾ڽ񳯡ĿģҪ
׼
ʯ䣬һڷߺ𣬳±ֽסеȸֳбָԶų±һߺĳ죬һֳĺɫ̧𣬶׼Զۼ׾ޡ
̧ʮ̶ȣ׼޵ͷ­
ǰţ±˶𣬳±еĻһ㶼ˣʼ侲ĿʼĶԶľޡ
ʮΨһľֻг󲿶ӣǧǴϣͷΣˡ
¡¡ɽۼ׾ٶȼ죬ɣİɡԽԽķɳأ˴ڷߺдϣһǳ±ˣ˾ʯһظλһ
޵ٶȼ죬ֻʱ䣬ٴͻһɣھֻˡ룬ÿ˶оһϢĿ־壬вսսʿ̲סɫ԰ס
ˣȴûѡܡ
ţ
Ϣﵽ۷ɲǣ±еȸֳԥĻȥ
䣬ʯ䣬ֻһͬգž޵ͷ­ȥǧĳ䣬̶ִХͬɽХһ㣬ؼеѹȥ

˵ĿУǧȫû޵ͷ­ܵӭͷػۼ׾˻УӿͬһϢȻ˲٣Ǿޱܵٶȴû˿ļ
ٷţ
±ɫ䣬еȸֳ̧ٴػ¡գ֮䣬ڶܼȣٴȫ˾޵ͷ­
ٷţ
û˿ԥܿԼÿһ͸ۼ׾Ϻۼ׺ͼӲƤʼûܸش
У
һĻһ󲿶ӵĽ̲סĴ
޵ͷ̫Ӳˣǵ͸ǵۼ׺ͼ͵Ƥ֮󣬸ûа취͸Ĺ
ϣֻͷ­λǵۼٵģûа취͸޵­ǣҲζ˵ĹжôңԲɱͷޡ
ˣô죿
һ˫˫Ŀ׷׿˷ǰ˵ĳ±
±û˵޷˿ңһ¼죬һʱһ㡣󲿶Ǵϣ󶼽˶֣Ѿ˳±룬±ܶΪ󲿶ʿڣȻţ񱼶һߣѾˡ
±ÿ
ʱһıȴǰ±̧ͷһɫĻڿҫţâһһͷ޴ıͻȻӾ޺ڿն𣬰ͷ½ϣ޴ֱۼ׾ޱһţȻ壬β˾޵ǰ
䣬أ̳ɲǣ廯ħֱһ£ɫĻصھͷ­ϣֻһ춯صľ죬ըؼǧˡ
֮;ûУжã
ŭ˶ըռš
Уʱ䲻
ϣ֮ͷ뷢ɢңսĴԣɫڽܹĵװ;ÿͷ϶ϸܵĺ飬ûһ˸ȥʱ̫ˣ;漰һǧȥѾ㾡ȫˣԶԶ
ûʱˣ죡
役ĴսϷ죬޵ǳֿ֮µһһ֪ԼԼֶã;ƻҪһڿѾûжʱˡ
ħ
ʯ䣬ϸ룬˲ʩչħǿľѧ֮һʩչģ⻹ոͻƵ۹֮ž߱
¡
Ŀ֮У廯ħı۽棬˲ϢֻؼгǧĻŭ˷޾ԪΪģʱȫע֮С䣬˫ŷֿǰ㣬ޱۺݺݵۼ׾ϣǱǵĿֲһ˲ȫŷĵס˾޵ͷ­
Ծ޵Ŀһʱ֮䱻屬Ŀֲ赲ӻƬ̡

սһƬȻȴǴ˹ǰĴ˷ģԶ˹ˣͻ˺ʹʳˡ޵жôǿ˶Ǽʶģ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼƾһ˵赲


955 ƽ𱦹
ôܣ޵Բһ۹󽫿赲ģ
ԶϣؿһĻƤһ¶һ˿ݡʵʵߣ»ԼҲ˵Եͷޡ
ûʲôܵģԼ֮飬ҪֻܴۣԼ壬ܾ޵ĳѡ濴žˣʵˣ޴
˼ĿѩԶЦȻͬʱ۹󽫣Ϊ˼ѹغͶç֧һͷԶ˼ΪѾ˲Сİˡ
ԶƺӦŶ˼꣬ڵסۼ׾޵ɲǣħһֱͻȻϣص׹


ˣ
ߺ󾪺֮ɫǴϣҲˣ赲סޣ;װҲ壬˶·һ
û£Գܵס
ͷϷƺϤ˵ĵǣ
֮ҵأң
͸󽹼ħħһʽѧɽԪԼֲ˶ãһкܴĸá;ָϣֻܼϣǱ档
ĽƣԶԶ
޼ףң޶ǵôˣûк𣿣ѵһ򵥵Ƕ𣿡
֮Ҳŭˣ͵ŤͷԶĹ顣
ʦѾˣֻģ߻ûв𣬻Ƭ̾͹ˡ
Ĺæ
ˣ
̲֮ס߹ȥݺһڼĸĵӵϣ
ģߣģߣʱģߵʱظϿ콫Ƴȥ
֮ŭģ˵һƿӣߵԱߣһǿдĻ
¡ֻһĺһʮ׳һ׶֣ðź̵׶˳һб¹
滹źģߣ滹˿ӹ̡
壡ڴˣһоͿˣ
֮ͷ裬֮󣬳ս󺰡
ã
ĺУһֻ޴ĽСԽһߣȻص̤ڵϣΧ˵󾪺Уܿһֻ޴ƴ̽һץסǸոմ
𣡡
ֻһƺȣһסϵץ
㣬ɵֿȥץɲǣǺ״ۼ׾׹һîȫ˹һײɽ춯أֻһɽҲᱻײȻ⾪һײȴû˿
úã
ŭХһ˫סʮ׳ľ޴ܣݺݵһ¡
¡һ㾡ȫֻһɽľ죬ھ廹ɵĵطۼ׾ޱһͷ­һ֮ھ޵ͷ­һݺݵҵ˵ϣһ˻ƺͷ­ѿˡ
ޱһſڵϣʧȥƽ⣬Ҳŵײȥ¡¡ֱڵײһ޴İݡ
ٳһУ
ҽһ̤ھͷϣޱסһߣеģȫƬסִͷ׶⵹˹ž޵ͷ­ݺݵĴȥ
໣
ֻһ죬޼Ӳͷڷ׶ʹ£Ȼֱ䴩һ׶ֱӴͷ­ڡһֱӶۼ׾ǰδеشԭʢ֮˲һ롣
쵰
ޱҵĺɫˣָ͵زƣ͸޺ͷŭɫ
һξܸоĵ⵽ǰδеشΣգȥպգݻٹĹȺͳǰΪʵġ־ߡҪһɱ˹֮ˡ
ù
ͻȻһӴ󷽴˹۾һУͻȻһֱۣܿ죬һŽɫĴ󹭣а˶ߣװźɫò֪޵ľɵĹң͵˰˹ֵС
ǰ˹ֵıѪ¾ߣ˹ֺٶűֻԼ伬ֵͷǳѶԸĶʱŻʹá
־ߡ͡ߡǹ﷢۹ҪսΪ˹﷢棬Ϊսʤ˹ֶ֡
ˣ
û˿ԥ˹˫ŷֿ󿪴ϣһֻɫĳѸٱ棬ʹȫ¡
¡ֻһ죬Ҫǧ򱶣·ضѿˣ˻ûзӦ˹־Ѿɿңһ˳ȥû˿һٶȣֻһ˸֧ɫĳѾԽս˾޵ĺ󷽡
ڳĵطһģֱյشԶԶȥͬһǧɳİɫ˻һּµѤú棬̺ȴĿֲɱ
˹־ȻῪս˭û뵽ģ˵壬ԶĶ˼غʹ޶е𺳡
Ұ˹ֳֵʱǡô;޼ҳͻȫŵϵʱ
ã
ȷһĻԶĸ֥ڶԸͷɫҰľʱ泯ŷߵķ򣬰˹ֵһǳħѨλá
ʩչħʱڵλá˹Уϱɡ
˹ֵķӦ죬ķӦ졣ڳɲǣһȻǰ˸ӦȻûдﵽǰľ磬ȴʥ۷ļ𡣰˹ֵĹȻͻȻûӳľӦ
䣬ֻһصľ죬ըǧأһ࣬ͬʱеڰ˹֧ƽ𳤼ϡ޴ֱӽ֧ҵķѡ
ôܣ
󷽣ǵһ𣬳ԾĿԶԼ۾ܶ˺ٳĻѡʱ޷öԷԶǸ˧ǰ˸Ӧһһ÷顣ǵµӡлûз
ˣ
ǵ΢ʶǰİ˹ֻ֡˹ֵıӰɳȡأǵ»ǴУоеһ˿𶯡ȻһĻҲûԤϵС
˹ʲôû˵еĻƽ𱦹£ͺʲôûзһڱ
ȥɡ
˹ֽеıݸԱߵĻ
Ǵˣ˵ֻǸżȻǸһֵס
ǵ̲סɫЩ
ˣ
˹ֺԥľܾˣ
ȻһûãôڶҲһûá˱ûҪοҲڶ
󷽣ܿƽԶ;޵սŸոտʼ


956 ǳ;󣡣һ

޵һһ쳹˹֮ǸӴ強ѹǰ˹һȻգҲûзЧɲǣۼ׾޽ǰͻһѾʮɵľ롣һǽϣĻľ޴һЩĴսʿִﲻס˴ɳȥ
廯ħļֱۣס־ߵĲֿȻƴȫҲԽԽ֧šħ޵ģʱÿȥһ룬ͼһ֣忪ʼֵסۼ׾޵ǰڣǰˡ

ŭХеһһκž޵ͷ­ڵ½֮ɫ棬Ҳϵӵÿȥһ룬ʢ֮ͻһ֣һɹɰӿڣȻ޷ֹͷľޡͷȻһƶѾǼˣƺһεڵֵ壬޷ǰһ˿һ
ţ
ϣ±ٴػ¡˷ƿն׷ǰۼ׾ޡһΣ൱ֵȫϼӲۼ׵ˣֻٲ͸ۼ׵ķ϶˽ȥ
Ȼס˾ޣӴħ֮ҲԵ󳵲ӵĹ˺ܴӰ졣
ٷţ
±ɫģٴѾܷ󹥻ˣʱֻܿҪһţ󳵲ʧء
֮ûк𣡡
役쳹Ͽա۾ĵطɫֽѪ˳ĻڣϵµΡǿжԿԼܵеľޣǶԼɼĸɡ꣬һ޴Ѻۣͬһ㣬ħļͨ󱳣һֱӵϸܵѺۣԾ˵ٶȣ廯ıħӡֻƬ̹ħѾ鲼ϸѺۣͬһνĴһ㡣
ħﵽޣס
ϣսţ˼㡣еĹڷװţһɫ԰ףͷƤըŵ˼㡣
Ƭ̣ү֧ס
֮裬ӵϴ
һ̣û֪Եѹж
ʱ䲻ԶԶ
«ư֮Ժܿװ;ֶڵ۹ʷϻûгֹеĹ֮Լûκμеľ顣ʱ䣬Ͳá
䣡
֮䣬ͷӴۼ׾ޣž޴ħǰͻħ޴Ľźѵͳɳҵײںһ¶¸֮ϡֻһľ죬˵ľУ߰˶¸֮Ǳͬ߷ݰڿзţ˳ȥ
ˣˣ
һ󾪽쳹գǰһƬңʿ׷ŵȥھ޵ǰһ㣬ʵ̫ˣһ˺ɣǶԿˡ
߷󣬵ʮ󣬵ڶʮ󡭡ȫˣ
һϤ˶㴦ڼս֮Уұˣʱʱ̰̿սľơԼڼΣյĴ֮УҲ˿û˷
壡
õǰĴ׷׳Ѹٷɢ
𣡡
ͬʱۼ׾Ҳԣ͵һ˦޴岻ݣƬɳһҽڶЩƽͨɳھ޿ֲ£ʱΪµɱԡ
ϣ˻УһͷͷսܲɳУʱѪģһѰѪϵսʿȻսףҲôϷصˤ˳ȥڿо席ܴϢϾ󼴱Ǹ磬˵ҲǻԵĴ˹ǰĴƾ˵ͬˣЩ񻰴˵вŴڵľ˵̫Сˡ

һӣ۾ˡ룬ʮ׳Ը޵ббһ壬ݺݵĲ뵽˷ߺһͷݽʯһͷĶס޵塣
Ϊ˱شѾûбİ취ˡ
ǼˣҲֻʱľΣԶԶûйȥ
꣡
ڴʱһ죬𺧵ĿУ޴ħһ˶ֱϣص׹ڵϣ̳ı۵ħѾǵµĵڶֱˣ
۾ĵطǵڶֱ۵ͬʱ۵һһѪ
ү
һĻϣ±֪²áׯƽ˷׷׶ɫܾԶԶҲܹоóѾﵽޣ¿Ҫ֧Ųסˡ
ȻһлԶûн¡¡ۼ׾ޡ־ߡȫͻȻһͷصײħϣһֱӽײɳȥʮԶû޵ǰʱһʮԶĿհ׵شеĴʱڡ
ã
ˣˣˣ
뿪ֵסˣ

һĻǧĴƾһƬңֻŵӣÿ˶оһŨҵϢ
ԭ򶨵Ĵ˲ȫܡ
һͷûľڴɵ˺˶
ү;Ѿ׼ˣ
ۿҪʧأʯ䣬һͻȻȺдû˿ףԭ£һļǧͻȻһɢѸٵ˷˿ڹм䣬һܾ޴󡢳صĳѾȫװͣܳҳʮףͨڣܶ㲿ðⶼǸոõ˾ͳϡ
ڷ˴ʱ;ڶ๤֮;

깤ͬʱ޻¶ף޴ͷ­£˫ɺĳĶ·Ǿ׼ǰס
ǰͳǣ
ߣʮʮʮķ󡭡ˣȫǰ
ʮʮ˷ȫװ

ʯ䣬ϸ룬±ȻǰȥһϵѾȫˣ˶ܣ֮ľҲ޻ɣʱ˳±󳵲⣬Ѿûκ赲ˡ
䣡
±󳵲ӵѵʱֳڳ±ɲǣԭѾ׼ó˵󳵲սʿı䷽һӵϣȫ;
㼸ٺųսʿֹȷȻûвһҡ
У޴ĻѸٱʮսʿһѸٽһʮ׳ǧصװ;档䣬һֻ޴Ľ̤£ڷڵ򣬾޴͸£ڷһ𶯡ʮĵطһ󾪽У԰ټе˴׷ɵС
ʱƷߣˣ
ʮΣأ᧿Σ
ţ
±´˷һɲʱ䶼·ֹˣסĶᵽɤۡ;뷨ʼնһ룬ûʵֹ;󵽵ܲܳɹܷܲ䣬ܲܶۼ׾˺֮ʵʵĴߺִ߶֪˵ˡ
һѾûѡˣܳɲɹֻһԡ


957 ǳ;󣡣
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬˵ĿУһ޴ĳƽһԶۼ׾޶ȥһ˵ϣӵԶӶҲعͷĿ͸޾ϣ
ʮɵĿռһӶʮɣʮɣʮɡ
ʱһ̷·Ż޴󳤼ۼ׾޵ľ벻ϵɣɡ䣡˵ĿУ󷢳ĳһۼ׾޵ͷ­

ڳеɲǣӴۼ׾شֻǰض𣬾޴ͷ­һʹĲҺԭѾ弱Ϣθѩϼ˪ٴһء
䣬춯أһĻӽʮĴһƬܣôһ𻶺˶ġ
̫ˣ
Ч;ĶԾЧ
ʿ񡣳±󳵲ӵʿϲ⡣ɹˣ֮һƵ;ȻĶԾ޲Ч;ڳһɲǣʱӳ˶ľ޴
һԶս˹ءͻˡʳԼ˶ǰδеĳ
ʲôʲôʱȻˣ
ϣƤ֧ھͷ­ϵĳһƬκˡ˹ص۹Ĵ󽫣³ֶ֪ٴΣҲĴƴйӴǻشûм
ʳ۹һ֧޾ѾˣƾȻԸ޵Ŀֲû𺳺;ȵġ
ȻֲǴгǾǾ޾ҲΪ塣
֮£ǿԸ־ĴƣŸӵ˼ɵͿ־塣
ôܣʲôʱƶܹʹʳԿˣ
𺳵ĻǴ󽫶˼ⳡսһֱϹۣеĶȫӲĶĿ޽ײɣ˼ΪⳡսѶȴƵľǳǻȫûĽ֡
û뵽˵һ֧޼ȻܶԾػԭĽ֣ΪһͻȻ˷
쵰⵽ô£
ʱ𺳵ĪԶ޾ŵͳˡûеģǵķǿ󣬼ûκܹ˺õǣսһͷ޶˵ѾԽˡ
ԽܵǣЩͽȻܹԸ޵ľ
һΣ˹ֺǵλͳ˧ĲûָͻһǶλͳ˧˵Ҳ˼ĳ𺳡
װ׼
±񣬺쳹աȻûܹɱޣ;Ѿ֤Լļֵȫִܹʳľػ

ڶʮ󲿶ӵսʿְ˽ţ̧һ޴׼װʱͻȻһ˻֪ʲôʱһɺ׼ˣ޵ɫͬʱһŨҵɷ糱ˮһˡ
һɲǼ䣬˶оһֲֿΣ
ã޶׼ˣ
죡װ׼󣡡
һȻشۼ׾ޣҲɹļŭĳޣֻһ춯ص͵Ťͷ˳

һƬң±򶼱ɫۿŸո͵;ͬΧսʿҪȫھУʱ˶жһ޺
ÿ
âһһӴӰƽɽһ㣬޳ŷķ˹ȥ
ˣ
ү
ǵϤӰʿ廯ıȻʧȥֱۣȻӵмǿҪǣܵϵĴ֮𼱾ԶѾû֮ǰôˡ
ŵŵţ⧲ʧȥƽ⣬廯ħײýŷķ˼ÿһǵضɽҡ˹޴𶯡
ٳһ
ŭͬһըδ䣬Ǹ޴Уݺһ֣صھͷϣ߸׼ȷ˵ڲھͷ­ϵľ޴ϡ
໣޳˻ʹûǸ޴һ¶棬ǱôһңȻû룬ٴܵش
ĹԶûнץסһ־һ£廯ħе㲻ϵĺ䣬̶ʱڣ޵ͷ­ٳʮι
̫ˣ
үүү
һĻ춯أ˷Ļ纣Хһ𣬶Զ˹ˣͻˣʳ˸ɫѿ
ţ
ֵޣ±Ҳһܣų±еȸֳ£âһڶٴƿն˲Ϣ仮գ޵ͷ­
㣬ٿ㣡
±򲻶ϵشߴ٣˵һεľ飬װٶȿ˺ܶ࣬䣬ڵڶ޴֮һʮ׵ĳɽѵľУصĶھ޵ͷ­֮ϡ

;󲿶ӽϣ;󲿶ںһ޴ϵо޵ͷ­ÿһۼ׾޵Ϣһ֡
䣬һȴǳ±ǷģǴԶ˹Ŵ֪ʲôʱ򣬵ڶ;ڳװɣ˹ĳţ˳Ϊ׵ָӹ٣ͼᣬȻǡ
;ͬʱ֣˴һɽѵĻԭȵ׵ʿһɲǸǲѣսǰǵһԶɽһۼ׾ޣƽɽصĵȥ
޵أضصĲ˼£·ܲסɾҪѿһ
˶ʮ֮ͷʳ۹պġ־ߡϺһŨϢڳ׵Ϩʧ
󶼻󶼻󶼻
⣬˹УĻ쳹֮ⶼõԶ۹ĽʿɫѿޱȣرǴʳˣ־ߡ׹ĳǳزûκδܹͷв˵ǽɱ
ڣȴ
Ҳšʳ˵Ǹ޴Ĵ
ˣ
û˿ԥҽһ̧־ߡʬ壬󲽳Զȥ
±ǣ;󽻸ǣȫϣһͷޣ
ڷϿջصѾʧԶ
Զ֥ǧ˺ͷɫҰľ֮սҲѾﵽȻĵز˷ĹͷޣǾȴܲˣȫ˹֮ǡߴΰ˹֮ǲͣĲţķԽԽ
᧿ΣԺɫҰ޵ĹǿȣȥҪ˶ã˹֮ǾҪ׵ıˡ


958 ǳ;󣡣
ħ֮ŭ
ʯ䣬ͷɫҰľ׼ٴײǽɲǣ廯ĺɫħȻڿնо޴ȼɫ棬͵һݺݳͷ޵ͷϡͬʱ䣬죬±ǿƵ;һǰһҲͬʱ˹޴ݺݵ˺ɫҰ޵ͷ­

ɫҰľޡߡ͵̧ͷһĳһΣģӲĺëԼ͵ģԵƤûܹã̴Ƥ͹ͷͷ­ڡ
һΣߡܵǰδеش
䣡䣡
ڡߡҺʱԶХˡߡͷ­ͷɫҰľޣԭʢ֮ͬһ˪˹˲һء
̫ˣ
һĻ֥ǧϾû˿ԥƵĵ۹壬ԼԶ״;ΧɫҰľޡһ룬롭ɫҰϵϢԾ˵ٶȲ˥
ţɺ۾Ť˹Զ;󣬷ͻͷ޵עֻڹ棬;ɵ˺۹ɵ˺Ҫأÿһζʹ裬ͷ벻עͳ󶼲С
ֹ
֥˵עʱʱھϣͷ޲Ÿոתһ޴ɳɫҰľزסקס̫񡢾񡢸֥廯ħ񣬽ײھ޵֮䡣
ɫҰľޣͻΣȻȫ赲ǵˣ޵ͷ­ֽ߰˼
ţ
ţ
;ŶУ±վ;ǰеĳϻ£һһ޴ϵ˶Ԯ󳵲ָӹ٣̶ֻʱ䣬˾ȫ;ʹ÷
ֹˣ˻װ˷ֹϸʹԼ;ٶؼװʱΪ̡
ţ
ţ
һһ;ͬʱ֮ǰԸͷ״ʱͬն;Ľ£һͷɫҰϵϢ̶ʱڣͱһŵĵز
ЩĻ쵰һҪʬΣ
ԼġߡƵĶǿߺ;󲻶ϵΧشв޴ķŭʹɫ׶Ťˣ
ѻ߸ٻ
תһֵС
ȻкܲʣЩޣÿһͷѪ־ѾˣһͷҲ˵
ڣ
Ƭ֮һ죬ּͻȻӴʳ˵Ӫд죬Զ˹ǰɫҰľһ٣͵Ťͷ˴ʳӪķ򡣺䣬ֻƬ̵ԥͷڴʳպĻߣײˣԶ棬ͻΧȥ
ʱܣ̫𣡡
ߺ󣬳±ǿһĻЦʳʼʱ򣬾ٻͷɫҰľޣ˵ûа취Ѿʱ򣬾޵ͷ­ϣǶʮ֧ÿһýͷ­£ǾǿҲѾ˱ΣԶˡ
䣡
±ǳһӣ籼׳㣬о޵ͷ­
޵ٶȼ죬գ֮䣬ͱʮɵľ룬䣬ͷ­ʮɣ
¡¡һʮɣ
һΣɫҰľ޳һûܹǰӴص˵ڵϣ̳
սѾһйڼžսѻȸȱ˹֮ĴƾӣӿʼڣһֱͷϵӴѹһʧ١
ӮˣӮˣ
һʿ͹Ӷսʿݺݻȭͷ˷ܵͨ죬ͷ޵ʬ壬ٴежԵĵ۹֤Լǿ
ҪǣܹԸЩ޵ʹʮսʱ
ˣʳ˵ľ޶첻в󣬿»ǵǳ
Ǵ󽫶˼վڸ߸ߵϣĮȻգ۾ʧڴʳ˵Щޣ֮ǰкܴϣǵЩ;һһʽû
ӵ˺ʹʳԿҲ֮û̫вˡ
ھ¶ۣδΪʱ̫硣
һͻȻԱߴ˼ѾתĴȥ仰ʱͣ½ŲɻĿޡ
Ǻǣѵû˵ķѾ״ˡ
һƵᣬ˼仰ȴǻһ͵Ťͷ˹ǰһߡⳡս˶Ӵ˵ע˼ȫھϡڴ˹ǰߣûʲôעˡ
ˣ
ĿɨƵĵһߣ˼ͫ׾ͺһ£͵
⣡
˹֮ǰĵһߣʼ˼ʱ򣬻Ǳֱһɼļ̣ǿΪṩһǿķߺߡڣ˼ٿʱģֺĸߵĲ֪ʲôʱѾŤŤ˴εȱڡ
Զ˼Ŀ㣬ܵŤΡȱڡٴﵽ˽ǧɳôġȱڡڴĹսУǼġ򵥵˵ʳĸǽֱӴǶȱڽ
ĳϣһѾʵѾʧȥ˶ԿʳҪķߣ򵥵ĻƳһΣ
ôܣ
˼һֱԼ۾ǵõһͷʳ޳ֵʱ򣬸ûɶĳֻһңɱͷޡȻȱڣҲǺܴ
ڵڶͷޣȻӵǿ󣬵ֻ˺̵ܶһʱ䣬ûзӳӦеɱƻͱƵСϾɱͷɫҰһľޣȻǵƵʷǳ죬ǽ϶ײһƣ˹ջ
ˣһ˵ʳ˵жȫʧܵġ
˼ȫûע⵽ô޴ƻʲôʱֵġ
ʲôʱ飿
˼̲ס
ǺǣʼʱʵѾˡֻע⵽޺ǳսû顣ͷߵľԶеĻҪǿĶࡣһֱûע⵽ǿĹʵ壬֫׳Ľơ
޵΢Ц۹·˷ֹҪע⵽ĵطͬʱҪע⵽СѰ˲עĵطȫͳȫ֡һı֮Ӧ顣
ͷÿһǰʱ򣬶һǿ͸ڷڵķ𵴡ǿĵطЩ֮ǽǸʱʼǻûע⵽㡣ע⵽˵ģŻôƴôż


959 Žǣ𵩾ţ

޵Ļ˵Ƕ˼غͶç֧ж͸˴㵺𶯵ɫʣҲͶ˼һûע⵽Щ
޽˵ķӦ۵ףЦⳡսĶԶҪȶ˼Ƕöࡣ
ȻֶԸ޵ⳡսȴԶûʱ򣬰˹ֺųƴʳ۹ʷǿҰģҲȵĶܶûκεļƻҲܷⳡսַʽô
Ŀѩ͸һֶ飬ƺⳡսУûʲôܹӹļ㣬ǽȡԭѾ׼ת뿪Ǵ󽫶˼޵ĻҲͣ˽ŲתصĶˡ
һʱ䣬˼ûзѾλǻ۵һΡ
˵ľͳȻֻжԸִĿáԸͨʿͶʯһȻƺ󣬵ɱޡң˼ͷޣţ˹ӦҲѾĿ꣬˵ķѾΪȫˡ
渵ݲȣ̸ֹ֮䣬һǿţ
ңҵжûдӦֻܾ󣬻Ҳܣٶ࣬һǲִװġĻһͷ޳ʱǾӦѾˡԣ˵ΣԶûн
棬ĵģ˼غͶç֧ĵ۹󽫶һĴ㵡ܣܾƵĴϣǵĴ»Զûôɹۡ
Ǿһ٣ǻ·һ
ç֧̲ס
Ǻǣ˭˵أ
Ц¶һ˿ѰζЦݡ
һ׶εսѾˣⳡսһֱʱ򣬲ӦеĽࡣ֪ս»֮ǰκһҪҵö࣡

Զʳ˵Ӫѹ֣ޱȡ֮ǰ޳ʱĻʧ١һͷɫҰޡߡصɲǣĶʮʳӣһƬţȻûһڴĺ󷽣ոѹֵ˼㡣
еĴʳʿĿȫеǵձӰϡ
Ϊ﷢ĸǾ޾ŵͳ죬һɲǣ˵ѹҲͨ죬ѿѡʱ򣬵ʮ㣬ƾľ޾žͿȫɨ˹֮ǵͽ
ǽͷôǿľޣĿ£˶սϡҵס
Ҫǣ;޾Ŵǹ﷢Ǵʳ۹ǿ֮һĽ۹͹﷢ͳͳ޹⡣
⣡Ҳ֪ᷢ顣Ǹҵ鱨ûᵽԷ־飬ǰûз
̲ס
Χû˵һ˫˫ĿѾ˵⡣
ʳս֮֮еľǿûǿģ۷ǹ﷢ĸҲһûáܹ֣ݻǱôǸӣҲһ
Ǻʣˡ
ˣ
˹ڿˣҲֻǵˣû˵Ŀ⣬ԽǰĴһֱŶ棺
ⳡսĴңܾѾѾĿ꣬˴Ƶķߣֵǽˣ
һ䣬˹ӹһĨ˵ĺâĿӹؿռ䣬Զǵĸߣһ۾Ƕγģһǧɳĳǽȱڡϡ
ȥ׼⣬һֻ׼ɡ
أ
һĺŽǣ߿ͻȻӴʳ˵ľ֮д쳹ս
ʲô
Զڴս˵ĴԮŽ׷׳Ծ̧ͷ˶档
ֵսڲܴʳǱ߷ʲô飬һһκεı仯ע⡣˾ȵĻֹʹʳսôãһֱսĵûʳӪдκεĺŽ
ͬһʱ䣬ߴΰ˹ǰλĴ󽫾ۼһͬҲʳӪдĺŽˡ
ô£ѵʳôҪˣ
ǧŤͷԶһƬ㵡
֪ʳ˺ʹúŽǣһֲĸоһο±Ⱦ޾ŸѶԸ
֥վ̫ϣԶѸټᣬһһƬɱĴʳӣɫޱȡ
˹׼Խˡ
ʱһƽκεĲ˲˶һɲǣеĿ׷׿˹ǵᣬݵӰϡ
壿
֥ǧĸϣ˷׷Ťͷž벻Զ壬һɻ󣬴㵲ѡ
˹ѾĿģǵʵѾˣҪǡѾײǵķߡ
һ仰Ťͷһϣһγȱڡ
ҪеĹ飬ڵһ߱ƻɲѾʼжȱڴŨ̹ɰǧĻ¯Ż棬飬Ĺ޲Чǳ
ͷ״ľ޲ֹݻЩ֮ǽ׵䣬ǣҪȫıĵΡ֮ǽ޸֧ĵȴûô޸ⲻǶʱڿɵġ
˹ǰһӰǶγȱڣλĴƽ˧˲Ĭޱȡ©ƫҹ꣬־޵ĹƾѾսһˣ飬֥ǧϣڣ൱ľ
˻ûдսд˹ʱ򷢶ʮԳ֣˵Ǹجġ
ʱΨһܱ򶨵ģҲֻˣֻеĲκһ˶ҪǿҵĶࡣ
Žǡ𵩾𣿡
ŶŽĵطһƬ֥ͳǧǲûȴŽɲǣһЩ𵩾ŵĺŽǣ
ʳǲʹúŽǵģʳ۹ֻһ֧ľŲʹĺŽǡ
𵩾ţ
Ҫʼ𣿡

һûвμӹ˹֮սйһսϸڣȫء𵩾ţս˵ǿⲢһνӴ֮սʱǾֹ
ףʮ׵ľ޴ߣĲɹ޴˺Ǹʱǻֻǽ˾š֪γֵѾϴνȻͬһ𵩾ţ
һֻ񱩣Ŀ¾ţ
İ֧𵩾ųֵʱ򣬳ױġ˵Уʳٻ֧𵩾ŵģһֻģ޴ĻƽŽǡֻսһΣͳ׵Ľս


960 սǰǱڵĴΣ
ҵȥᣬ׼ս
йâһͻȻ
ǣү
ҵźѪ˵һݣһߺȣкԶķ߼۶ȥ
ˣ߰ɣ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲɢȥħսڼԸоȻһս
š
֥˵ͷ볯ŷ߶ȥ

¡¡
ԶĺŽѾֹͣǴصȴԽԽҡʮѹѹĴʳӼᣬսǰ׼ʱǹǵأɽֻԶԶܹоһϢѹ
𣡡
ĴʳţһԼ䵶⡣ǧ䵶ֱָգһƬҫ۵ĵ֣˾²ѡ
ʳڳˣ
Զͻ˺˹ͬڹţŵƽߴǧĴʳ˺ţź޵ƽĿȴѩࡣӿʼڣôõʱ䣬ʳھҪˡ
޵Ȼ𺳣ǵҪʮĴƾӣҪľӡ
֪ʳܲܳ׵Ļˣ
૵ԶɽҰĴʳӣһ˿ڴ棬ͻ֮£ûܹʳˣһһ򽾰˹Ҳϲ磬ʰ·硣ս֮£֮Уûܹˡ
ܹԴĲֵ֮סԼģ¼͵Ĵʳ籩Ĺһ㣬˴֮⣬ûκε۹ˡ
ԲۣʳԣǶǿ۹ԵıԣڵѾ˱仯ĸѾ
һһǧɳȱڣѾ㹻ʳ˵ƹߣֱ룬ֱƵغˡ
ʳѾӵ˳׻˵Ŀܡ
˻ҪޣѾˣһǧɳȱ޺õģ䶨ˡ
һɲﴫɣҰһƥԣͬϹۿǼǧ³
ЩźƵ֧￴ǲˡܹۿսĿȫҲԸο˻ɱİۡຣ֧ˡ
һ仰ȴСࡣ
ͻʺ˹˵һƬţ˶ڵȴǳĵ

һƬš
սϣãã纣Ĵʳսǰ׼ʱ򣬵һߺĴսʿͬڽἯ֮ǰǳرսսʿʱȫӿ˳һţһУݷķ
ֻǶ̶ʱ䣬ƾѾ֯һطߣǵڶأءڴǰ֮еĹææµµȫǶα޳忪ĸߣܣŨ̹һƬŵա
ƺʹʳ֧ǿľңңţȻûпսֽŵĽգȴ֮κʱй֮޲
¡¡
ڴȫսʱԶ𶯣ʳӪĺ󷽣ӰһӴĺӰգΡȻɽǰ˵Ұ֮С
һɺˮӴѹ޸Զ͸գѹ
ˣ
һĻɲǼ䣬˶ɫ
һͷ
ͷ
ͷ
ͷ
ͷӴľԶƶŴƵӪ
ôܣʳôôľޣ
һдһĻǺѶ̲סɫʿȻû˵ʲôǵķӦѾ˵һС
Ӧеľˡ
վڷѶɵԱߣƽӿ΢΢һ£ȴһļ㡣ھ޾ŵ˽⣬Զκһ˶Ҫࡣ
ȻǾţǾͲֻһͷ
˵ǰλǶԷ̽ӵĻôһΣԷͳ˧еӣóʮֵӡ
˵ڴʳʷϣ޾Żûһγͷϵļ¼һΣһξͷǵҰ
ȻЦ
޾Ŷκ˵ǺɨһеĿǵĴڣ뵽Щɴȵ񻰣Щ޾źʵû̫Ĺϵ
ͷ޶ڵ˵Ҳһ־޴ѹǱϾܿԿƾ޵;󣬶˵ѾԴݵöࡣ
٣ѾֲɶԸ޵дڡ
¡
һͷޣͬ޷һ㣬ǰھʳľǰ˻ʮɵĵطͷȴͻȻͣ£ôبڴϣһ
ĴʳҲ񶨸һͬһ
һĻͻ˶һ
үʳ˶ѾŽˣôͻȻͣЩʳ˵ڵȴʲô
Ѧǧһ㵣ĿԶջأ̲סʶĿŰڵ塣Ѿս׼ǶʮʳӣͷֲľޣȴͻȻͣ˶Щˣȫô¡
Хû˵ϣ˲ϢͷŶĴʳ뵽ʲôǼмֺץס
ⳡ˹֮սԴԺһѾúͼȫһھ޷Ƚᷢʲôˡ
սһƬž˲գȴһֱڲͣ
׼𣿡
ĺ󷽣˹ɽͰȻȴǳ󷢳ġ
ܶˣһѾ׼ھ͵ȴ˵ˣ
˹ֵһ쳣׳Ĵʳ죬ӣ쳣
ܺã
仰˹ֵӹһ˿ĺâ
ʼɣ
һ仰ޱȣ͸һŨҵɱϢ
𣡡
˵ĿУһŴʳӷֿһͨɽͰһֱȻľޣڻǰ̤һ䣬ǵһͷŵڶͷͷͷŭХţȻŴƵķ
ھ޳ʱ˿ͷ޵ͷ­ϣȻһĿסһĻɫѿޱȣȻ֮ǰսѾôʳȡ˽ѵԾҪͷ­˼ǿ
׼
ߵĺ󷽣һƣ±󳵲ӵͳ˧ͬʱ˳׷´
ǵ԰ټƵ󳵲ʿ׷æµһж
ĺڶһʿɫţѸٵĽ;ſļ׼˾޵ķ򡣴ƵӪ֮Уֻ;󣬵Ƕͷޣ˭Ҳ֪һܴܲ
壬Ӫ֮оûб;ܲ켸ܣ
һ֪ʲôʱ򣬸֥˹岢Ŀ⿴ǰ͸һɽǡ
У
ҡҡͷ
;һֱֻһ룬ûķЧѾ漣ˡʱڣûа취ܡ
ⳡ˹֮ս£ƵĶָͲЩޣܣѾˡ


961 ˣʯ콵
үʵڵпһܡ
ʱһϵ
Ŀһתȫۼ֮ϡ
;ǿûо飬Լ⣬֮ǰûаҲΪˡڼȻѾˣҲζоѭȻҪɷǳѣֻҪʱ㹻ǿԵġ֮ǰٵЩ󣬾ֳɵĲϡ㲿Ҳֳ졣ʲô֮ģҲܺý
һ仰֮Ťͷһϣһͷͷ֮ǰɱµĴʳޡ
;ʹõĲһЩȫ֮ھʦѾõģ㼯˸ĹʦһõļͲϣ¯ĹУ˴󷨺ġ
ҲΨˣЩ䴩޼͡еԵƤͬʱ䴩ǼӲĹⲢսܹġЩʱҪĵġ
ˣ
һ࣬ĸǧһĹâ͵һ˵ͷϬξ޵ʬ弲۶ȥ˾ǰһԾͷ­ۣǧ︩һΣͽһѪܡصľӾ޵ͷ­а˳
䣡
ǧɴ䣬ᣬһͽľһ;Զĵϣ̳һһͣ˹ȥ
Щÿһޱȣ˳ǧֶ󽫣˿»Ѱγ
˳ǧ̶֣ʱڣ˾ͻʮȫγѵ;Աߡ
ˣˣˣ
ʱһܼսͻȻӴʳ˵Ӫдͷޱ󲻾ãԭһֱĶʮʳͻȻ֮ӿһɫˮһ㣬ھ޵ĺ󷽣˵ķ߳
ɱ
ݻǣɵЩͽ
ɱ춯أ˵սһɱŰײСɱϢɽХ
սڿʼˣ
׼
һ쳹ߣϣʣһλεģֱָա
ܱ׼
־λ
󣡡

һһȷ£ϵشɲǼ䣬ԮϰܼʮĴȫжŲ¯һƬ
ƾһӴĻѸٵתһǿϢ˲ƿնƾӡ
սһƬɱԶ˹˺ͻ˶ܵӰ죬һţȫעˡ
׼һ£Ҳһɣ
Զ˹ֿŴƵķߣͻȻͷҲص
Ǻǣס
ƺϵһĻԶĴߣһЦѸźȥֻһһѿһѿڣѿѸʧ

¡¡ĽŲضҡ͵һԽԽǳصص̤ڵϣǰһʮ׸ߵĹɳھ޵һʳеĴʳ䵶ͬˮһ㣬ͬӿ
ǧɣ
ǧɣ
ͷ޺ãã纣Ĵʳ˵ķȫͻ
׼
ҵǧվڷߵǰˣ춯أ˶߻졣
ţ
ޱȵĽţ
ֽ֮ŵζڶ̶ʱڳʼαǴʳ˻ˣԼЩӶ˶ŶԷ˫ֱֽϵ͹ˡ
һɲǣ͸֥Ҳ΢΢¶˽ŵɫʳʹ֮ľս¾ˡ
󳵲ӣ
Хڶʳ˺;޾߻ǧɵʱͻȻγ˳´һɲǣĻ˷ڶǧܳȫң׼˶档
ܶԴʳ;ͬʱвģҲֻ󳵲ˡȻ˺̶ȺԶû;ôʤڶ࣬ٳɶ࣬ⳡսȻЧ
ǧȫװʱͻȻ¡һÿ˶жһ춯صľ죬ڴʳ˵Ĵ󷽣ƽߵԶͻȻһ£ƺʲôҵı
Ƕ֮Ӱı仯ɲǼ䣬Ѹ˵ע⡣
ʲô
ߵǰˣ塢֥ǧ˲ԶһĻǧ۾΢Уʶ͸֥û˵жͬʱһɲĸоʲôʱ֣Ǻ¡

ͻȻȺһƬȻɻûгãյ׺ܿ
쿴
ʲô
ʯʯ

˾ĿУ˹Ͽգһž޴ġʯȼɫ棬ڿвϵķӸ£Լ侪˵ٶȳٶȼ죬˷ֵʱͷѾˡ
Сģ
ͫһȻһǿҵΣУǰһĻ̫ˣ嶼ûԤϡȻѾѣҲѾˡ
¡
ʯ䣬ֻһ죬ǿž޴ȼյġʯɵĿռ䣬صڵϡ

ֻһҽУʯ׹ըһ˽սʿӶ˴ȫըɳȥʯҲ˵£ͬһ֧֧㣬˷俪ȥ
ϣս˻ս۾׷׾ֵȥʯΧһƬҡ
Щսм䣬ըһ޴ĿӶӶֱʮףĵشﵽӶȻһš޵޵̣ͨ˸ߣ߲һֲ֪ļӲһȼɫĻ档
꣬һӾ޵дص˲䣬ǿűʯɫ޵ѿһϸĺɫѷ졣䣬û˷Ӧһֻͬڸľ޴ƣ͵ش̽ץס޵ѷԵ
ٺٺ٣ɣ
һ䡢ŰһŨҵɱͻȻ˶һɲ˿޵̽ƣȻһƥҪ󣡶ھ޵ĺ棬Ȼһ˫ɺ졢ֲ

һƬƬս·ܵ޴ľһ׷׾˻ȥʯ䣬˾ֵĿУ޵ѿϵĸУһͷȫڣͬһľˣӾ޵ڰεض
ʮףʮףʮסͷ˵߶ʮ׵ĸ߶ȡ
ںɫƤߴ͵һ˫ŰаȻһͷ񻰴˵еԶžˣǰ߲ɫǡȻͷϵĿס
䣡
һž޴ĻҺɫʯƿն¶εض𡱵ɲǣͷ˶Ȼ֣ץסһ˶ߵľ޴ʯ˳ȥ飬һĹӶʯУҽж˴ҳࡣʯƲЪܼĴҳһѪ·ʯ֮صʬʬʬиֲ֫ϱء


962 𵩾˵в
ٺٺ٣Щϣͳͳɣ
һĴЦڴϷص
飬׳ʯͬʱһݣͬһֻݵԳ㣬ӵ޴ĿӶ䣡ĺɫޱְۣͬ𣬺ݺһɨ䣬˻ûзӦһĲҽСӶԵʮֲһͬ߷ݰ׷׷˳ȥ
̼׾˺ͣһݣһͻһץһһ˶ߵɫ޶ܣͣغɨǰ·ϵʿȫɡ
֯ߣ
Сģ
ȫΧ

һĻͻӶΧľһƬҡĴơСɣӶʿ׷״˷ɱڸߴֲľǰȫһ
¡¡һһһһӣһһСʿͬɨʱɨĳҶ㣬ʮ׸ߵľ˷ɨȥ˵ĿУͷͻͽ޵Уڴ֮дɱ䡣
ʯ׹أ˴ɱ䣬ǰһɲǵʱ䣬һһˡҸ˵ЩʿԶĸ֥塢ǧ˶Ƿ׷ױɫ
±򣡳󣡡
һŭȣȻǰķߴͷҵľˣɫһףжȻóޱȡ
𵩾ˣ
Χʿͳ佫ڣû֪ͷ˵һ۾˳Ǵʳ˹֮սгģ𵩾š
𵩾˵ĳ֣岢⡣û뵽Щ𵩾˾Ȼַʽ˹սϡҪǣ𵩾˴һͷһţ
Ҳζš

쿴
ã

ƺڻӦ䣬𶯣ʯмͬ˷䣬һƬУ֮䣬һſȼɫľ޴ʯ֮٣ڴĸط
𣡡
ҵıըУһͷһͷӴ󡢸ʵ𵩾ŭХţ߾ֱۣ֮ƣӾ޵аεض𣬴˵Ұ֮С
͡ŰǿϢͬ籩һ㣬ÿһΧĴʿ
ɵǣ
һŭХ쳹֮УЩ𵩾һڣзľȻǴʳԡ䣬õĳźţɲǼ䣬ɢڴط𵩾˲Լͬͬʱж
䣡
һͷһͷΡȻͦε𵩾ˣӴĸطεضǸһ֣񹥻ǰĴʿͬʱ󲽣ıУȫͬһĿĵء

һĲҽдһ⧲һֻľƻУ˴ʮɸߣ׹ڼʮĵطһɲ˿Щ˵ƣָſȻһͷҪ
ҹ
ͬʱһ˽һߣʯʮ飬ȫɳȥ
̶ֻʱڣ߰𵩾˾ͽƵƵһƬҡ
䣡
һ֧޴ĺɫƿն˲Ϣ仮գһ𵩾ˡȻâһֻһ޼᲻ݣجε𵩾ɫı۶ܵ¡
СЩ֣ɵǣ
𵩾һֻŲһʬϣŭ
䣬û˷ӦͻȻһ̣ץһͷ˶ʬݺݵȥɲǼ䣬ֻһ죬˱ըʮһܳʬУܳսʿҽţȫҵ׷
𵩾˵ʾľ˷׷ЧһץܹõһУʯʬʬȫȥ䣬̳ʯɽһһܴҪĳ󣬷׷ױҵķѣսʿҲʧء
һлֻǰ࣬޴ĺУһͷһͷ𵩾ȫһſȼŵɫ޵֮٣ӶԶͶʯ
ʮʮʮܼ𵩾ʯڸطΧ鲼
𣡺
һһ쳹գͻȻ÷ǳϾԴƼ䲻
ֹˣЩһ߹ʿʱһȫͬĵطƶ󲽱С
ãǵĿ;󣡡
һ˶Ϊ󲿶ӵ˧Լ;ʵƿߣ±ȷֲԾ
˵ĽǶȿȥ˷еľ˲׹ĸطһɲǣȻȫ;󿿽
ڵ;ѾҪ߾еô򵥣˹֮ǣȻнӽʮҵı;ǳ塢֥ϡǧ֮⣬ΨһܶԶͷ˺ĳ̶ֳϣȵ۹󽫵ĹҪЧ
û;󣬴ƵĴ᧿Σ
ȻʳҲһ㣬ԲŻὫЩ˿ͶϮ
ֹǣ
;󣡲Ҫǿ
Ҳ޵еģɾֶԸǣ
һź˷һΪģΧĲ֡֡еıȫж;ڴжôҪ˶֪˶Ϥ˵Ŀĺеʿ
Ȼ˵ָſܹ׽һƥ˱ϾҲķ룬оۼҲͨ
ǧۼ󽫶ܹԸοֻǼͷˣ
ɱ
춯صĺɱУһʿ糱ˮ㣬Щ˳ɱȥͬʱŲڶǧ֮ܳУһͷ׼˷ڵ𵩾ˡ䣬һĺɫƿնЩӴ𵩾ˡ
𣡷
һĸߴʮ˾нӽʮ׸ߣϳŨܺɫ𵩾ˣͻȻ
ˣɲǼ䣬ԭ񱼹ȥһ𵩾ˣͻȻŻ˽Ų׷װڳ̬أһȥȫЩ𵩾ϵɫ׽赲
ۣսΧһ𵩾˴ֲһ͸׵ķ϶ţǰ󶴴𵩾ȴʲôûзһץסļβһΣƤ⳶һ顣
ѰܵһǱɣЩ𵩾˽ֻϢ΢һЩȼյ֮ɼʢ
𵩾˵ȻȲϾޣҲǿ
ֱӶԸЩ˸ɵܳ󣡡
Ϊ׵ĺӾţѸٲȡ˶Բߡ˾鷢ˣЩӦ֫ͷԼ򵥵𵩾ˣȻӾ˵ָ£ѸٷֹЭһȺϥܣһϵĿ׵ֵһ߸ʯʬ壬ػͬʱɨгĴսʿ
ҽУѪɣÿһ𵩾˼һɱ˻ͣɱܱߵĴʿ
𵩾˷ͬʱһ𵩾ˣѸٵı±ڵ;


963 𵩾ˣ
ˣǻٵ;󣬳±֣;ɨǣ
Хһɹɿ񱩵ϵļƬϵɫ԰ףͻȻŤͷҲ಻Զĳ±
;Ըʳ޵ģÿһ䱦Ϊȱ㹻Ч¾û͸һ޷ʱɱ˵ʿҪھɱ˵öࡣ
ڵѾûѡˣһ󱻻٣ʲôûˡ
ţ
ͬһʱ䣬±վ;ǰص˵ͷ
Ͱ˵İ죡
һ̣ͨѸٴһ¡󣬸ԭ׼Զͷ޵;ͻȻصĵǶȣ׼˾𵩾ˡ
䣡䣡
˱ը֧ʮ׶೤ľ˲ƿնֻһ˲䴩һ𵩾˵ɫܼףӴǰ𵩾ǰ䴩طڿоѾʬһͬʱԶĵطһĲҽдԱߴһ𵩾Ҳ;ɱ
Щ𵩾˲ǷԶԶԽһ֮˵ľӣֲֿ;ȻԵü
ˣ
𵩾˱;ɱôһɲǣսһƬţеľ˿ͬһĿ𺳡
еľ˶ӵмµٶȡݣӵмӲǿӸ߿׹¶¡ǵ֪УкͶԴ֧Ž֮𣬴ûκһսȥǵһΡ
ֳĬûг̫ãܿ죬ضҡһһײӶߴһ𵩾ͬһ㣬ڵϡ
ʳַʽϵĽһͷһͷ𵩾ͶƵ֮С
ɱ
һŭХе𵩾˾ٴγ棬·Ҫ;
ţ
±ɫţеĳػ£ָ;󣬶Χ𵩾Ѹ
;ʱ䣬˿ȴ˷ӿһͷͷ޴𵩾˲ϵؽӽ
ڴ˵ӵĴֻˣ𵩾ŵһͷͷ˲ϵشϵع;ͬʱڴƵķڲϵɧҵʱԶľͷɽһĴʳޣ˹֮ǵĵһѾһǧɡ
ھ޵ĺ󷽣ʮʳӺɱţǵأѩһ
⻼ʮʿͻȻǰδе֮С
ҵ
ʯ䣬һ侲ͻȻ˶ƺӵһֶص鲻ԽΪ֮ŷҲԭɧҵĴͻȻ֮ࡣ
վڷǰһ۵ףȻıɫƽȴӿһɹεѹı߰˷ӿ
ֻ֪ԼܵѹжôӴ󣬵ȴ˿¶
̻طɱе𵩾ˡЩȫˣ
ĩ
Σҵҧ˵͵һЩ𵩾˳ȥ
˸
գս¡¡ǧһﲻһ㣬ҵ󣬳Щ𵩾˳ȥ
һһ飬Ѹɢ
ڳĹУҵĸӰУԭܼڱ۵ĹУѸٷֳʮСӣž𵩾˳ɱȥ
ɱսǿģҪԸ𵩾ˣҲֻˡ
һ֮Ȼû˿иĿ̫Ҫҫۡ͵̧ͷУһ˫ҫ۵˫˲ޱȡ¡Ŀ⾡ͷһͷһͷӴ𵩾ˣʯ㣬ϵسŴƵ׹
Щɫʯһ⣬ȫӳУʹһԺпʼѸټ
ϣϣҪǵϣϷԻ󣬿λ죡
ⷬͻԽߵİǧﶼסˣȴûס
үף
ͽǣ
Ӱ裬ͻȻ֮ͬһſ˫ۣӴ֮зԾ˻ڿУץ˶󡢳صĸԶȥ
ϣ
һһ߸߷ͬһ£ܷϻǶϣ˶˴ʥ侳ǿߣֻգ֮䣬˾ֳɵĸһ޴Ի
¡
˲Իͬʱһ޴ʯƫУ롣һɫġʯѿһͷϢ·籩𵩾ˣ˫ۣȻ֮аεض𡣲ɱڣ׼ڴ֮дɱʱͻȻΧȻֹ˶ʱסˡ
棬ϺͶϿһĻҲȻ֮䷴Ӧ
ϷԻǬλ
ڴʱٴδӶߴ
죡
һɲǣϺͶͬʱع˶˵һӶȥλ˴ĳϴʱѾȫ׹ڴԵļЩ˴׹λãҽ˵Իסǡ
ʱȷȷʵʵǶԸõķ
Ϸλλ
λλ
򣬶λ

죬½ڶһһϵķϿգϡرۣǵٶȼ죬Ծ˵ٶȣϵڵϲһԻ
ԻϹ󷨣󷨶Ը;޴ֲȵ۹󽫻ҪǿʱԵδǽԸЩ𵩾ˣȴǴ´ࡣ
𣡺
һŰ಻ϵڴ𣬴и£ʯ׹أһͷһͷ𵩾˰εضȻӭǵȴһ̡ǿԻ
䣬ĺڶһͷͷ𵩾з񹥻ܣǸȭͷͣΧΧããһƬ󷨵Ӱ£ЩĴҪ˵ˡ
ԻõܵĴ֮Щж󷨱ĹͬԴصĴһκεĽ
һһ󷨣Ѹڵɣ̶ʱڣ岨ӽʮͷ𵩾˱֮С
ٵЩ
һ뷢ţŭĴ䣬һĽŲս𣬵ʮ𵩾˴󲽳Щ󷨳ȥ
ȻûǳȥһϣЩ˵ĳ
ɵǣ
Ӱ߾ٳһ֧һͷ𵩾˳ɱȥ
֪ϣ
ɱĴʮ׸ߣɽľЦһܣ¡һҺɫ޴ʯ͵׳ͬʱһƥսһȣԾ˵ٶȺһ˹ȥ
һƵܹѣУҲǱɡ
ХιͬһȻâһ־ڱصõһȻʧˡһֲ˼ķʽڵ֮ʯ䣬Ժ֮ž˵һ


964 Կ֣֮
ôܣ
ŭХһ̣ӭһʹʼԣֻһգۣʹԼͷʹ
ɵ
һŭӽ´˵ͷſһϰͬ׳ӽ²ЩÿһжһѺ
ӽһӶȻֽһǲӲأõĲϴɫһ߳ĽƤѪ⣬뵽֮УΪڷֱѾݳԶȻŸеʹ
ôܣʲôȻܽҵľп
͵۾ŵĿһС̧ƣһĴӽŵ״ûеѽֻ̧ܲסһѪ߸֣Ž۶ϡ
¡˵ʧȥƽ⣬һصĹڵϣ˫ֳŵء
ҵĽţҵĽţ
ĲҽֱʱŷӦĽ׾ȻЩʿȫжϡ
ɱ
ӰӾ˵ᡣһ䣬һɱ¾еȸֳ޼᲻ݣϵھ˵ļֱۡȣһĽۣѪˮһ㣬ϵشӾλŷء

һȴ֧˵дھ˵µɲǣʵǿһͻȻڿն߸ɵС飬Գһ㣬ھԮ
֮սʹС飬Ը汾ľˣȻʩչȻ󷨣˺͵СȫͬնҲرѵΪЩ𵩾˶׼
¡¡
̳֧˵С֮Ųͣ׷ſӰ糱ˮǰȥ
ͬʱط˰Сӣͬ𵩾˳ɱȥÿԸһ𵩾ˣһСӣȻǰȥ
һգ֮䣬ǧѸٷгһٶСӣҸ𵩾˵ʵǿһ֣һ֣һ֣ϵسЩ𵩾˷
ЩûõĶ
һ𵩾˲ϵıסΪ׵ĺӾŭɶ
Լ࣬һĶҽǳɱ⣡
أӾ͵һ̤ʯѣӾһǰ˾ԶԾ˵ٶȳų±ǿƵ;ȥ
ң
ţ
һ֧ľ˲ϢƿնΪ׵ĺӾ˵ȥǸԳһģĺɫӰ±ǸоΣգԥһ֧
ȻâһˣӾƺǰӦһʯ䣬һᣬȻ־ڱصõһ
ôܣ
һĻ˶ǻ𣬾ٶȼ죬ȳҪö࣬һȥϺĿܣҾʮףĿ꼫󣬸ӲʧֵĿܡȻӾ˾Ȼֻһ㣬ʵͱ˸߳ܶࡣ
Щ΢࣡ҲһУ
Ӿץƥ˶ʬһһݺݵģڵ˳ȥ
Сģ
±ɫһȻ֮γƥʬݶȥͬһʱ䣬ػ;ʵǿĳսʿͬڿն𡣺ͳ±һʬȥ
أ
ʯ䣬˶ȫǿʬȥ
¡±սʿײƿնʬɲǼ䣬һ޷ĸоӿ±оԼܽȫһͺײһӲɽ壬еûзӳ˿Чʬϴһɾײȫ죬ͺɢһֹˣһɲܵصĳ
ۣ±ͷһͬ߷ݣɳȥصײ;ϡͬһʱ䣬ֻһĲҽļսʿҲŷ׷ɳȥײڸͬĵط
ֻһǣ±ĳսʿͱӾʬҳˡͺӾȣ˵ʵ̫ˡ
䣬ͬһʱ䣬Ǽƥʬǲҽһ⼸ĳսʿͬҳˡһɲǣںӾ˺;֮䣬ҲûκҲڰɿ⡣
ûᣡ
Ӿ˴ϲһݣȻ˦󲽣һ;ȫ̶ȥ
ңң
Ҫþɱ
ʧȥǺͳ±֣ʣµĳսʿʱһ˿ҡʱΨһֹͷӾ˵ģֻһܼܴƳˡ䣬Х̶ʱڣʮĺɫ֮٣˷
ٺ٣
ӾЦһɫı۶ܣһңʱ߰˸ɫҷɳȥɫı۶ϣͺײһӲǽڣ׷ױ赲
ڵֵЩͬʱӾ˽Ų¡¡ʼղֻͣһĹ򣬾һ;Ѿ߰׵ľ룬Ծ˵ߣֻҪһͿԹǼ;
ֹˣ±Ϊ˸õЭ;ӵ£;ľԶҲζţӾ˹һܳͬʱһܳľҲʮ׵ľ롣
ΣգΣ
;󱻻٣˶
˸壡

˷пһĻˣȫɫ԰ףޱȣʮܲҪȥֹѾˣӾֻ;Ŀûǡ
䣬һֻ޴ĽƴɫȼŻսѥȻӵ̧һųǼ;̤ȥ
һŻṳ̂ȥĿ͸Х޴ķѹ;սʿƷɳȥԺӾ˱ֳǿʵһҪ̤ʵˣܷ˾ţ֮װ;󣬿˲ͻķѣƬ

ܾ˶סˣۿάϵ;󣬾ҪںӾ˵Ľ¡
ʱһݵӰͻȻ;ǰ棬˴Űɫۣ˶Ӿ𺳣Ϊ;ػɵʱͻȻ̧ͷͷµľ޴ƣֻһָ
䣡
һɲǣʱ·ֹˣӾƴȫ̤ѵһţһָϣͺײһӲıݣըһˢΧȴʼ޷˵һָ
ʲô㵽ʲôˣ
Ӿͫһɫ֪Լһ̤жǿжֲƾһָ赲ܹͨġ
Կ֮
̧ͷģֻ˵ĸ֣һ̣һɿֲ纣㣬ϱ
ɱŭ
âһһĹâӽʮ׸ߵĺӾϣͻȻԳһ˿Ȼɫ⣬ֱȥ˳ʮԶͣϵǹɿֲɢȥ


965 ֮
࣡ҳСˣ벻ȻҲֻˣһҪȸɵ㣬ٻٵ;󣡡
Ӿ˿˿ʱࣺ
Ϊ𾴣ɱ֮һס֣Կ֮
ߣ𣿡
Կ֮ŶĺӾЦĿֻǶźӾ˵˫ȡ
ʲô˼
Ӿ˶ŸԿ֮΢΢ɫȻĻû䣬ͻȻžһӽ´Ӿ˻ûзӦͿ¼ӲɫսѥȻըѷ죬ֻ˲䣬ըƬɢء
ֹˣӾ˺ȻǣһĻսѥըɲǣӽŵױ˳źӾ˵ҽţȫɢۣѪĽֻ˲Ϣ䣬Ӿ˵ҽѪһĵʹӽŵֱԺʹúӾ̲סʹ
㣡
ӾμˣǰԶĸԿ֮¶һ˿𺳵ɫܹһָͽսѥ飬ֻƾһ㣬ǰ࣬ʵͳ
ĸ˵̫ˣ
Կ֮һãֱʱ򣬲̤ǰԿһ壬򱻳ΪҰԿ֮Ϊһͳߣһֱֱ̲ʱ¶Լʵ
ɱ¾ȭ
Կ֮ɫᣬ֮߳ͻȻ߸һֻһ㣬ӽʮ׸ߵĺӾˡˣȭһӣɲǼ䣬ΧʮڿŤһ޴ȭӰͻȻ󣬽ǵĵ̶ʱڣٵȭӰӶڸԿ֮ȭӰһȭ֮ɽݺݵĳǰĺӾ˹ȥ
ɱ¾ȭǸԿ֮ѧһλǿߴڵȭȭԽǿԽǿܷӳıֻǻɼĸɡԿ֮õ֮ǱУҽѧȭ屶ЧҶĸ࣬γǰɱ¾ȭ
ҾͲһһСС࣬
Կ֮ԼӾ˾ͺܵ˾޴裬ͻȻ֮ŭͬ㼯ȫڿնĸԿ֮ݺ˹ȥ
¡Ӿ˵ȭʯ㻮գ֮ƺһɫѷ졣ԺӾ츳㾡ȫһ¾һɽ嶼ѣ׵తһȭϱɡ
䣡
һһСɱֻȭкݺײһһɲǣХն·ѿˡʿ;˵ĿУǿһĺӾȴͻȻĲҽһȭͻȻѿѪ죬ѪǳһֹĽǶۣھ޴£Ӿ۵˫ϥعڵϣ̳
νҲˣ
Կ֮Цһδ䣬͵ȥ
սΪԿ֮ĳ֣һ˿תΧ˾
𵩾˵乥ΪԿ֮ĳֶõ˸ƣǴƵĴɼĶӡ
𣬾ͷɽͰľޣɺ죬ڹ̳Уٳŵһ߳߰ɣɣɡ룬ŵƮɢȳζ
޵ĺ󷽣ڴƵĴʳӿݣХǽͷ޵ĺ棬˵ǰ棬ǾǺɵľ룬һߺĴʿѾԿļ⣬ֱ͹ѪܣԼıѪĿ⡣
¡¡۾ĵطأһͻȻѿص£һƺɫھ޴ĹޣȻӵص˳ӵڶĽ֫ʯӲƤǣͷ׶
ͷ޵ͷһĿӣձһ糺ɫۣǾ޾ŵ
ˣ
ι޵ͷɲǼ䣬һĹâʧУͷɽͰľ޶ȥ
ɱɣɱɣҰЩͽͨͨɱ⣬һ
ǰĸߣɭȻĹâ
ǺѿƵģһʱ򣬻ǲֵңͷϵĹޣʹͷޣҲǷָúԶֱȥͬĿ꣬ͬ־ߺͻһһݻٷߣһݻٳǳء
Ŀ֮£ͷǿľޱնɱڶʮʳսʿǰ澡ʧΪؾ޾ŵ̲ס³뵽ⳡս֮С
ʳҲֻͬʱͷޣ˵Լľӡ
¡ϸУһͷ޵ǰ򣬺ͱ˴֮ľԼ״̬ٿιޣڿһۣ˴֮УǼӲʯιǰȻͬеཬһ㡣ֻһɲǣͬͷιޣʧ˴֮Сʧ֮󣬵ָκεĺۼ
Ұ󣬴֮УϢǿӰͷϣǵĿ磬ʼ侲۲սľơ
𵩾ŵĿѾﵽˣԹ˲ϾѾ˷硣֥⼸Ƶ˧Ҳʵ۷״̬
ʳĶܶǵ£ڰ˹󿪿ڵ˷һʳϵױ죬ǵȴϿȻһεϢɢе赲⡣㣬ͬһ㡣
ⳡսһֱڹ۲죬սеһʮƾӼȫǵĽ֮УǰȥʱеĴʿͻȫûսڴˡ
ɵЩˣʳĵ·ϣһϰҲ֮ɨƽ
Ҫ⣡ڴʧǰռ˾ԵƣҲ˿У־ߺͻߵսѵ˵𣿡
˹ֿڵȴǳϵ侲Ͽ˿ĵ⡣ĿɨԶͷ޵ʬ壬˹зһ˿ǿ־߻ǻߣڴʳǼǿĴڣǻĵ˺ͳǳزȻ˭뵽ЩǿĴھȻ˹ꪳɳЩͽڴϣرǸͳ˧ϣѾ̫಻˼飬սʤ֮ǰ˹ָ˿Ĵ⡣
⣬;ڶûлٵɧŶԷĴڲ߽ǹȻҪǶڰ˹˵ҪĻǴݻ;
ﲷľǱôˣΪ𵩾ŵ죬ҲӦòȡж˰ɡ
˹ֵ
ѾȥˣﲷľǱӦѾյϢû⣬ܿͻȡж
ܶǵ³
𵩾Ȼʵǿ󣬵ڴʳŵĸ߲㽫Уȴٴһ˿֮ģԭЩ˵ǻ۲ǺܸߣǶ𵩾ŵͳﲷľǵµ̬Բͬ
ҵӿٶȰɣ
˹ֵ
ǣ
ǵ³֣ܿһʳĴתȥ


966 ﲷľ
ս¡¡˿Ĵؾͷʱȴһæľ
һĸߴ𵩾˾һææµµм䣬ǰ޴ͭͶʯЩͭͶʯÿһʮ׸ߣʵؼӲأÿͭͶʯء
ţ
ţ
ţ

ͭͶʯǰһ𵩾ŵָӹŭХŲһĺһһĸߴ𵩾ˣڵ㣬ϵرȥ
ģЩûõĶôһС¶ã
ͻȻһ׵ŭԱߴδ䣬һֻ޴Ƽᣬ̸ͬһ㣬Ա˹ֻһͽϢǿľָӹٲһߣ̸ֻľǰʵǿ𵩾ָӹҲԵô硱˷ææµµ𵩾ˣһɲҲ׷һԹԵͷվһߣͺ˴Сһ
䣬Ҳʱһֻ޴Ľƣбɲ̤˹̤õʯɽضҵ·Ҫѿһ
죡
Χľҳͷ­촹ȹη塣
䣡
һĽŲֻƵˣڳ˵ǰһжʮ߰׵ľˣ弫ǿ׳ֱ۾˵Ĵһ֣ӿԶԶκһͷˡǰľ˾ͬСһ㡣
ﲷľ
𵩾ŵͳ죡
ڴʳУִʤͲƥе˼ǲƥеľˣʳ۹Ĺ﷢֮Ϊ֮ŭ
ﲷľľ˲ͬ;޴󣬵ǻȴߣҪǣﲷľڲμӾ˾ŵʵ֮ǰһΪܳĴʳ졣Թ﷢ģͼ˵ս츳ʹڴʳ۹ڲأʳĻʵ۹﷢Ϊһ𵩾ͳ˧ݡ
ʱ˿̵ļﲷľȴԵüΪķŭ
ûõĶ
ﲷľŭֹǰѴԼ𵩾ŵľǳɹĿ꣬˴Ƶķߣٵ;ǰĴʳӾͻźŷڣͭͶʯͶȥ𵩾˶ٶͷȴǳٳûпźţȻ;ûбݻ١
Ըļﲷľ˵ֱһֳ裡
ˣ쵰ڸʲôͶôΣΪʲôʼûа취ܾѵô򵥵Ƕ𣿡
ﲷľǳߴ󣬶ʮ߰׵ζԶĶҲܾڵλãôͶ䶼ûа취ܾüﲷľ޷ܡ
죡ͭͶʯ׼ͷܲܹ׼ȷ䵽ڣѾƴȫҪ׼ȷܾ󣬻ǲܡ
һжʮ׸ߣﲷľľͷ
¡˵䣬ӭľһصȭӴط𣬵ɳȥ
ûõĶҹھ͸ǣϣûʲôģһȺ
ﲷľƿָӹ٣ͻȻһͭͶʯУĿǰʼԵУ
ͷңӴҰѸɼӵ󣡡
һ˭׼ҶԼ򣡡
ﲷľϵŭХţɣɡﲷľָһȺӴ𵩾ˣž޴Ҵϵţ޴󡢼ͣеԵҴҪӽ޵ĸ֨
ţ
֪˶ãͭͶʯҴʮߴ˵£ڴﵽ޵һ̣ﲷľԥ´˷
¡ֻһ춯صľ죬ﲷľΧֵͬڵڿնԱκһη䶼ҪöٶȣѸʧڳֻһգʧˣֱʱвŴĺ

Զ𵩾ܵ谭뽩ֵʱ򣬺¡һʯ׹ͷϷһακһζҪö࣬ҲҪöࡣʯмĦХҪս˵ĶĤ˺һ㡣
һͻȻһ󼫾ΣոдԺдԸоõһž޴ġʯǰδеٶȣӲ£ʯٶȣ֮ǰЩ𵩾ٶȣԵ΢һڹһ㡣
ˣĿ磬Ѹɨգֻһۣǵ̶ХԴһŽɫġʯӽʯٶȸޱȡ̧ͷֻ˶̶һɲǣʯѾ䵽Ͽղһɵĵط
룬ÿ˶ܸоһǿҵӾѹȸУҪǣÿ˶ܴŽɫľ޴ʯоһɺ嫵Ļ
ã
ǿŽɫ޴ʯ㣬ɫˡ
ˣｻ㣡
ʯ䣬ŭһѸ˷Ӧ;ڵλüȥ
ˣ
Ȼתɲǣһ󽹼ֵѦǧ￴壬ɫޱȡͬһʱ䣬ǧΣڶը
ˣ׼
һ𣬻ûзӦоһ¡¡صĽŲͻȻӿ˲١ɫһ䣬͵Ťͷһ̾Ϳ˾ɽͰľͻȻٳڵķ߳
Ѿֻвˣ
һɲǣ䣬ѦǧΪʲôסԼǧΪʲô͸Σˡʳ˾Ȼһ̼ٹܹһ̣ǰͷʵɲľ޺ʹʳӣо֮𵩾ţʮԮȻǰδеΣ
ĽŲʱȻֹʱ˽άĵز
Ѷɣ
ʯ䣬ֻüгһ˵֡ȻֻССһ㵢飬еǿŽɫġʯһѾǴѶˡ
䣬ֻһ춯صıը˾ĿУǿŽɫľ޴ʯͻȻһ;ϣ޴ĳ;˲ҳ㲿ͬΧĳսʿһֽƬ㣬ɳȥ
ȼհɣ
ХӿһģĴЦͻȻӱըĺͬһʱ䣬¡һɿֲαըǿΧĳ󲿼ʯмԼΧĳսʿٴɣԶλá
Ũ̳ͱըУ˷һͷ޴ģħ𵩾ˣǼ;ڵλðεضǶʮ׵ľ޴ɲǼ䣬˶𺳡
ȼҽɣ
𺳵ʱ򣬼ﲷľȴûͣһӣ¡һĴУǻɫԵޱȣһɹ㣬͸׵ķ϶Щڣҷ͸䡢۾ǿ³
ֻһĲҽЩսѸٱȼҽֻһ׵׶յŤΡ


967 ػ;

ΧһƬȻһĹӶɫ԰ף׷׾ȥΧĴ￴һĻҲ̲ס͸һ˿ηɫ
ÿһսһܾ޴Ľܽʱ򣬾ǵзǼΪʿÿ˶ս׼˭ûȻڴ֮ǰûͷһֻƾԼͽַճɻҽֲ̫
䣬һֻ޴Ľ̤£ﲷľɹٵһ;Цһ͵һ;ĲкŵڶܣҲһ;ȥֻҪٻٵ;𵩾εͳɡ
ֹ
ȻҲоΣգһ;ԣеʿǰͺ̣ܲ׷׳żﲷľȥͬһʱ䣬ڶ;ԵĳսʿҲ׷æҵĵ;Ҫþɱ֮
;Ȼǿ󣬵ǲȱڴʱ˳;ͼԶ;һֱŷ⣬ﲷľһٵһ;ôľҪﲷľܡ
һȺ֪ϣǰǸ΢
ﲷľŭХͬ㣬ͷϻ졣
¡ﲷľ͵һȭ£䣬ʮҽжҵĻ棬˴ҽ¡һȭ֮󣬼ﲷľǽһߣգۼ䣬ʮԮΪҽֻһȭһߣԭżﲷľʿʱΪ֮һաλ𵩾ŵľͳ˧ǰʱҲûκε谭
ˣһɲǼ䣬еĳսʿңһ;Ҳͷ˻ٵƻϱذɡ
˵ʱʱ죬ڼﲷľһϲ׼Ƴȥٵһ;󣬳жʱ򣬹âһһӰͻȻبڵڶ;ǰ赲ڼﲷľǰ
ͳͳÿͷ˽Ը
Կ֮ɫݺݶǰļﲷľŨҵɱǵأԶĵطӾصڵϣѪԿ֮Ӱеǿޱȡ
ⳡ;˵ĵУԿ֮վѹԵսʤ˺Ӿˣҽɹɱֻ¸Կ֮Ҳû뵽ô̵ʱһ죬üʧһ;һɲǣԿ֮мֱŭ졣
㣡
û˿ԥһɲ𹥻ľȻǼﲷľǸոճֵĸԿ֮
ɱ¾ȭ
âһһӴƴӸԿ֮ɲ֮䣬ȭӰΪһ޴ɽͣжʮ׸ߵļﲷľػȥ
ɱ¾ȭǿԽǿӾѾȭ£һΣԿ֮ȭԸͷͳ˧
ߣúã
ע⵽ԶĺӾʬ壬ﲷľҲŭܣû˿ԥһɰ̺ɽХ㣬ӼﲷľڱΪݺݵһȭǰĸԿ֮˹ȥ
¡¡
ʯ䣬û֪Կ֮˶ȭҲû֪ﲷľλ𵩾ŵͳ˧ػ˶ٴΡ˷ֻ˽ӴɲǣһƬ޾Ļ𺣣ӣ͸Կ֮ɱ¾ȭȭӰײ
أеĻȫɢȥﲷľԿ֮ڿһɶһڵϣһ̳ɫ΢΢Щ԰ףȴûȼճɻҽ
࣬ȻЩҲȻҵĶ֣
ﲷľݺݵĶǰĸԿ֮бŷǿҵɱأһ̤ûȸԿ֮Ӧһ̣һ˸е𾪵鷢ˡ
ڼﲷľڣһǰδеս⻷ֳڡ졢ɫ͵شڱѸɢӳֵĽ£סʮסʮס
磬ߵս⻷ܹﵽ׵İ뾶ѾʷǰˣҲζţս⻷Ѿﵽֱʮ׵ĿֲȡǼﲷľ⻷뾶ﵽʮףֲķΧκ˵ġȻ˵𾪵Ļ
ս⻷ͷ˾Ȼӵй⻷֮
ΧһƬȻ˵һͷߴﵽʮ߰׵ľ˾Ȼ书ܹʹѾˣ𾪵ǣͷ˻ӵս⻷ս⻷һɫǿԼӳֵŵгԱ
ԺͷԿ֮΢΢ɫ
ˣ
һ̣ĿУڡ졢ɫս⻷ӼﲷľɢѸٵķȫӳֵսÿһ𵩾˵Ľ¡ɫ⻷£еľһ˻ϵϢֱ߰һѾֲܿʵҲŴ
Ǵ˵Ĺ⻷
һ˾񣬷׷ŭţΧĴԮ˷Ľ
𵩹⻷
𵩾Ψһս⻷ҲǴʳ۹ǸԶм̳еΨһܹеľ˲ãǿͷĹ⻷
䣬Զһ𵩾ֱһӣ͵غɨԭԽѹסСԱܵһǿԭƾ󷨵ѹһ̣ȻЩѹƲסĸо
Сģ
дݣæȫӦԡ
Ȼսϣʵģ𵩾ŵͳ˧ﲷľ𵩹⻷ͷųɲǣϵϢ䣬һ־˵ٶȣѸٴﵽһ˵ĵزǰϢ츲ر仯ļﲷľԿ֮һĶʱȥ
ٽһȭ
ﲷľкһһֻɽ޴ȭܻɫ棬͵سŸԿ֮ȥ
䣬һθԿ֮ȴûֵܵסǿԷӳǿԽǿɱ¾ȭҲֵסﲷľĳһֻһƺߣһԿ֮ɳȥһ̣ڼﲷľ׼ɵԿ֮˳ƻٵһ;ʱĿƳ󷽣λ˾ŵͳ˧˲ɫ
쵰ң
ﲷľ۽ǿ¶ʱһɽХŭɱԭԿ֮ڱﲷľ֮ǰȻס;󣬺͸еĳսʿͬˮһ㣬ԶԶͳȥ
;ͳȥķһǿӰͬȼյһ㣬ɱ
Կ֮㣡
Ǻ𵴣ǺѶɣʩչһǰ㣬ҵײɽ㣬ΡȻǿļﲷľĻ¡¡ɲǼ䣬һ춯صıը;죬ƥʵʣ˷ˢӹ棬ȴǸĺ
ֲֿƣԿ֮Ҳ̲סƤѶǰǺ죬һʵﵽ׼𣬾۹ҲֻһߡﲷľȻ𵩾ŵͳ˧һǿޱȣԿ֮ҲǶ֣ڷѶֶ׼ǰҲռ˿ıˡ


968 ׼Ѷɳ֣
Կ֮ȥ;Ըͷˣ
սϣ̺Ѷɺϴ洫ﲷľΪ𵩾ŵͳ˧֮б̺ŻҼҡѶɵĴҲպĻϵ񹦣رǵõָ֮󣬷Ѷɵʵһ¥֮ǰҪǿö࣬ڻϵ棬ܺλ֮һϸµģֻзѶˡ
ã
Կ֮йâһû˿ԥŵڶ;ȥ˽ֵ̫ǿңʧ꼰㣬취һ;սпܵĻ;ѶɣԸ֮
ΣԶûн˷еľ˲ͣţڷ׷׳;ķǾ֮ﲷľҲһֱͼƹѶɣݻپ󡣸Կ֮ȫӦԣػƵһ˿ϣ
ԶһǰʱٵȴԶȸԿ֮ͷѶҪΣöࡣ
¡¡´صԽԽԣǧĴսʿϵ׶ΪƬ𶯣ϵսϽţԽԽͷڼӿʮʳӾ˵λҲԽԽ
սڼʼˣ
壬ϣ׼
ǰϳĵо֥ڿˡ޵ʵǿޱȣһͨߣأ˱ǰֹ֣ͷޡ
ϣ
֥䣬ȰγԼĳһϢƿն˶һͷɽͰľޡ
֥ԣ𶯣âһһɹ˷۶գ֮䣬һͷӴεض𣬳ǧѸټ̫һͷӴڷǰϻƣĺǧһֻ̽ȥץסһĿǰޱȡ
󣡡
ͬһʱ䣬ĸŭХһѸͣգۼ䣬ΪһӴ񣬳ȡأڳǧԱߡ
ɫȻȫ䱸;޵ս˵ɫЩƣ۷״̬ȻǸ֥ǧϣĿжû˿ͬһ㣬Ϊڡ
У
ս˼㣬վڸ֥Ҳ࣬ˣиеǰδеΣڵ״̬ûа취Կ޾źͰ˹֣Լʮʳӡ
ҪҵԸ޾ŵİ취
м˲Ϣ䣬Ժͷ޾Ų޵еĴڣһ֪ʳ۹þ޾ȫˣǣûз
ֹˣռ鱨ʳ۹Ļʵ۹﷢֧޾ŵʹãǳĽǱҪáӱϿΪǴʳ۹Ļʵ۹﷢֧رأ˵ûֵһõĶ֡Ϊǰպıʥʵˡ
ʲô޾ŵʲô
𶯣Ǿ޳صĽŲÿһ𣬶˵һεѹ
ʱѾˣ֥ǧǵԶԶģҪҵԸͷ޵İ취пⳡΣ
壡ٻ
֥ڷǰըħʩչҪǧսڼٻеһٻأ𵩾ŵʿʱû˿ԶԿһʱ֮䣬ʱѵĴ
һٰʮɣһʮɣһʮɡ
ԽԽһɹɳХײڵһϡ
ֱϢӰΡʮǧﷶΧԼ˹ǧ֮ңʮյȫѹļϡһɲǣоһϢѹ
ʱ·һ̷ŻԿԸ֥ǧｹĶǵ촽һһ⣬ڽԼ֡
Զɳǵأһͷͷ޷ŭХţܿſ¶һ˸űĹâ³Ϣ˳ſ磬ؿռ䣬˴ԼϣȫᵽŨҵȳζ
ʲô㣿ʲô㣿
ԺмתȻһ̣¡һֻ޴£̤ڵϣѿʯ˷俪Ǿ޴죬˲佫˻
ˣ
Сģ
׼

һߺһƬңһ̼Ĵ쳹ʡ
ϣǹּ򣬶׼⳱ˮӿͷ޺ʹʳӡֻת۵ʱ䣬˫ľѾʮˡ
ţ
սϷɳһߺ󣬸䣬һǧܴƳ뷢ɲǼ䣬һǧɫܼȣӸɷɳУͷӴͷ­ȥ
һϵĳѾȥԸ𵩾ˣܶԸЩ޵ģҲֻһǧܴƳˡ
ϣ
ȻֻһĶ죬һǧ޼᲻ݵĳо޵ͷ­ȴȫһӲ׵
ߣûõģոߡߡȼߡ͡ߡͷ䱸ģȫǴʳ۹Ӳĸɵġһǧĸ빫ĸΪ˴ͷ޵ףķǧֵκܴ͸Ӳĸף
վں󷽲ԶĴУεĵйޣһܼĴЦ
˻Ƕе˵ͷ­Ҫڡھ˵ҲˡһֻҪǸˣǺжϡڹʷУҲежԹȵԪ˧ս񣬻ĳЩӢۣҪԾ޵ͷ֣󲿷ֶʧˣֻٲ˺ޡΪЩԾ޾Ϳǵ㣬޵ͷףͷںܾ֮ǰѾˡĸףɴӦ˶
ֿ׼Ӳܣı˷ֺľסĸʵ̫ˣ㾡ʳ۹ҲֻܶĸѡȻڶǿĶ֣ܶԾвģһûУƻҲʹ˸ˡ
ûȻңԶ˹ôǿĶֱ֣սͷޡļƻҲãͷ䱸ĸ׵ľޣսϼ޵еģ֮ǰЩ;Ҳ޷вͷǿľޡ
ˣ
Ѹٴһٴεͷ޽ķԼǱ˴֮ľ룬ȻٿιޣѸصףʧ
ţ
û˿ԥһǧܳĵڶѸٵִһιص㣬Ȼͷ޵ͷ൱޵塣
ϣͷ⣬ٴαĸ赲岿λȫĿġöĺɫۣȫûͷ壬һ״Ŀ׶Ѹû޵ڡ
Ȼͷ޳Ϣ΢΢Щ⣬ûκεı仯ͺʲôûзһŵһ߱ٶȶû˿ļ


969 ֮
ʮɣ
ʮɣ
˫ľԽԽһ֮󣬾ǵķҲڿʼˡ
䣡
һһͷ״ȷһţһŨҵĻʵʣ̵ҽһ㣬Խʮɾ룬ŴƵķ¶
ȼߣ
Ǵʳ۹ģһͷӵľޡƻʱãΪͷޣʳ۹ķѴԴϵҩȻֵһʵߵͲһĻϵߣϸͷ״޴СͿʼעϵҹϵĹעͷʵǿȼߡ

ͻȫûһ׼˵ӡУһֱƾӴ壬ͿֲսԵȼʱ˶벻ֻһĲҽУܱͲսʿ׷ױȼȼΪһ޴Ļ
ǻңǽͶܱеĶƶյͨ죬ð̡
Сģ
һ󽹼Ĵ쳹ߣδ䣬ֻһͷ֮Уһͷ״ޣ¶ɭɭȻͻֻһգۣͷӱٳŵһ߳
ʮɣ
ʮɣ
ͷ״ͻ֮죬֥ͳǧﶼ΢΢ɫ
סǣ
˵֥ŭХһȴӷߺƿն䣬ڳȥɲǣ֥һһֺĽƥӴʮɳͷɫ״˹ȥ
ˣâһȼߡ³ĳ棬֥һնΪǰĽڿֻһֲĻ滯ΪΡ
ΪĴ󶼻֥սɵǷ켫ѡֵʱͽǶȶǡôСȼߵĻ£λȥ
䣡
ͬһʱ䣬ǧҲ͵شһ̫񣬶һһߣӭʮ׸߹ķɳ͵ͷͻİ״޳ȥ
һһ޻ûнӴǧһʮ޴ֱס˰״޵֫͡
ɣ
ǧŭХţ뷢ţͷ״޺ݺݵײһ𣬺¡磬ɳɳļӳ£ͬɳһ㣬̶Х
ڳǧͬʱһɲǣӰһһӴӰͳǧĸҲһɲǳˡ
¡¡ֻһ춯صľ죬һǰʮĵطʮɸߵľһͷ޺ݺݵײһм䣬ͻȻѿһ۵ѺѸֱӹᴩ˴Ƶĵһߡ߰˶¾޴ĸ֮ǽܵĳ䣬ɿ
֥ǧϣλͳ˧һȫˡ
ֻһһͷԳŭХţһ·̳ŵһ߳
Сģ
ߺһƬңʯ䣬ֻһһǧܴƳȷǧ򳤳ܼ꣬ͷɷΡɽ͵ľ˹ȥȻХֻһë׵ģɽһִĺɫԳڿɨһͷԳķɡԳۺײľȻǽײĺ
ٸھԳϣֻһʮ˾ԳڣȫһӲʵֵڵء
ߣ
Ǵʳ۹޾ľ֮һֻӵһͭƤǣ֮κһͷ޶Ҫǿöࡣȫͷ޳ɳĹԼ֣ܵ͸һ㣬ԱΪߡ
ߺٲսһսͺʲôֵܹסȻȼ»棬ǵ޾ûκһͷܹᲢۡ
ţţţ
һڣ±һףǰɽͰľԳޱȣ߳ȸֳػ£˻ߵ
ͷԳķʵ̫ˣ֮ǰľ޽Ȼ֮ͬǰȻܶԾɺܴ˺Ҳ޵壬ͷԳϣȴȫûЧ
ƳĴ͸ߺİ׶һ䴩ͷԳǰȴȫӢ֮ء
𣡡
һɽһľԳϿʮɣʮɡ䣬һֻɫë׵ľ޴ƣ͵һ̤ڸ߸ߵĸߡ׸ߣ̡صĸ֮ǽھԳĽ£һСֽƬһ㣬ѸٵŤΣȻžѹ֮С
䣬޴Ľأ̳ǿҵĳʮڵսʿȫҶ㴵ɶȻû˷Ӧһ̣һһֻë׵ĺɫ޴Գƣָ֮ٳŵ˹
ãӣ
ս˻ߺһսʿֻգѹµľ޴Գƣÿ˶оһּСͿֻŵĸоһɲǣÿһ˶оһŨҵϢ
գ̳˷׷ܡȻԾԳٶȺ̫ˡ

ۿһȺҪԳѹʯ䣬һ쳹գʯ䣬һɿΰͬӺһ㣬ˢȥסԳ·ݺ˷˦˳ȥ
ؼʱ̣ڻعȻ֣
ˣƵûжע⵽ֵɲǣһںͬ˦˳ȥ
¡
ɽͰӴԳ£ػڵϣ̳ߺɳʯԳµͬʱͷӴľԳ͵طһĲҽС
һɲǣ˿һ׶͵شӾԳƱ˳ȥ
ʯ䣬ȻǽǸʮ׳˦˳ȥ׶׼˾ԳԳơ£Ǹ׶εǲݴԳƵģǾԳӴȴʹ׶һͷݺݵݴԼƣʹͷ޾ǿġߡ̲ס쳤
˸Ͽ˿
һŭ𣬸ϽȥǲٻصģһͷʳҲû˶ԸֻܿԼˡ
ϣγ˻һŤ磬ܣֱǰֲľԳȥ
أھԳľһ̤ѸٳžԳë޵Գ۷ݶȥٶȼ죬Ϣ֮ھԳֱһߣٴεȥ

žԳ漱ٱ۵ʱԥʩչ˴ƾԼµһ湦
Ž湦Ĺھ£ʮ湦еһ֮ߣĴ컯֮ϡֻĻһֱ޷ӳֲֿȻѾѧžѧǼʹáʱԾԳͭƤǣ侪˵ľޣȴ컯Ӻá


970 ˼ɱ
ͣɲǼ䣬ֻУݺᣬһʮɳɫ̫ҪĿϵԽԳ塣ɲǼ䣬ֻë׷ɣԳɽֱִϣֳһϸ緢˿ѪߣһɹɴȳζѪҺ
ͣ㣬ھԳֱһӰкۣ㳯žԳͷ­ȥ
۾۾һǵ㣡
ʯ䣬循һƳաȺ۾յ޴ĵǾԳ۾ʳȻò֪ļӲɿףԳͷ۾ôģҲΨһܹԳĵطˡ
𣡡
Գ͵ŭХһһ˫ɺ˲עӵֱϣٵ䱼ܵ塣ܶھԳ˵е˶ͬһ㣬ǺʣԳסֻ˺Լ顣䣬û˿ԥԳһֱָֻ̧ſ֮٣ݺݳֱϵ˹ȥ
˵ʱʱ죬û˿ԥѸٵ𡣼䲻ݷ֮ʣȻԺ֮˾Գſָұ۵䵽ϡأһݣٶȾȻû˿ļһ·ˮ㣬žԳ棬ͷ­ȥ
ڱ̵ܳĹУеȸֳɲϱŷǧžԳն¡
ԳƳ޷͸ȴ޷赲ĲȻΪ㣬ʱڴ˿¶ɡʩչһԽԳˣ廹Զûдﵽּ𣬽ƾڵ裬ֻԳƤߺ󣬱Ȼֹ޷͸Գ͡еԵƤ·㡣
䣡
ϵĽȻûнԳشִʹУҲɹŭͷʳߣ
ԳɺУӳӰͫ¶һŨҵıŰͻû˿ԥԳֻë׵ľ޴ƣž˵籩㣬ϳ˴ȥ
Ȼʱ˿̵壬һƬҶ㣬ȫԳĹȻͣȴʼûа취塣޵ͷ­ԽԽۿҪԾϾԳͷ­ʯ䣬һεĲͻȻӹգһ̣ͻ
䣡
ԭ֮УͣȴͷӬһľԳͻȻ֮䣬˫֮лָһ˿侲
һ̣벻鷢ˡ
Գ˫һϣһ𣬰һ춯صһǿ𵴲ԾԳΪģ˷𵴿ǹ𵴲̺ĻǿңпԿһȦۿɼİɫƣԶѸ˷չ
ô£
һ֮ǰϸ۲ͷ޳ˣûκεôҲû뵽ڿҪɹӽϾԳͷ­ʱ򣬻ͻȻôһĻ
޵ֲΪޣѾӴ˾۹󽫶Ѽ޷ƥеĵزҺ֮ǰϬξԼߡ־߲ͬߡΪԳ̬˫ݣսҪǿ̫ࡣ
͸֥Ǽ֮޷ֹһͷͨľޣοִʳĶޡԳֶصĹʽȻûʹκεѵصľ˾¾ĵ۹󽫣޷֮ȡʱûħ񣬸޷֮Կ
أ룬һշѸٴӾԳϵŵȥˣķӦѾˣȻһɫ𵴲ڻ𵴡ͻ
䣡
ֻһ죬һͻȻ˲٣ɫ˲࣬һͻȻ߷ݰ㵹ɳȥ
ү
ϣһĻѦǧ֪ׯ˶ɫ䣬һ꣬˲ϢϵѪɫʵøɸɾɫҰޱȡ
Ǵʿڣ˶ڴ˵Ǹ޴Ĵ
죬ȥȺү
ѦǧҲ룬׹ķȥʱ˿̣ԳΧɳ죬ȫһƬشʵóȻ·һ
Ѿ˲ôˡ
Ȼ˫УѦǧ˳ȥɲǣ䣬ͬһʱ䣬һըƺߴӶд
ʯ䣬ѦǧʶŤͷһֻۣһһݵӰ׷ױһɸǿײ˳ȥ
ߴˣ̸
ײɵӰΧ󾪺һɲǣѦǧͬΧпһĻĴƽʿһҡ
塢֥ǧϣͳ˧Ǵ˹Ķ룬ҲʿڣʮƵľ֮⻼ؼлԼǰδеǿˣܱ򶨣ûлң̵ľ۹󽫼ͳ˧
˭Ҳû뵽ʱȻͨͨˡ
塢֥ǧҪƾһ֮赲סͷޣǾԲܵġ
𣡡
˴ͳ˧ͷ޶ʱ谭ȫ˳ͻ˴Ƶķڡ䣬̳һһ³صĸǽƵڵϣͷľҲΧʿֽƬƷɳȥĲҽڶֻһ˲䣬ʧء
ɱ
һĻʳʿһЩʳսʿԭǽھ󣬺Ǳһľ벻ҿǿһĻıԣͻȻӾ޵ԣһٶɴľ룬ˮһɱȥӹޣƵķ֮С
ţţţ
һǧܴƳԭȻǳͷһĻһɫ䣬򣬳ŷ⣬ãã纣һɫĴʳսʿȥ
ۣÿһȺндΧոÿһٴ߰ʳʿ۴Ƴжôֲǿ󣬶޷ֹЩ˫ͨ죬ɱڵĴʳսʿ
ޣأҲóˣ
߸ߵϣ˼ͷ˿趯Զҵս
Ѿı䣬˰ˣھǳֵʱ
˼һâһɰսϳǿϢΧĿ
ʳչֳʵ̫ǿˣΪһĴ󽫣˼Ҳеս
ٵһȣ鲻һʱ
ҡҡͷͻȻڵĿ⿴Զɼ侲
˹ֺǵ»ûж֣ڻǳֵʱٵһȣȵʧأǸʱٽҲ٣
˼û˵ĿһŤһԵĻغͶç֧ˣɫ侲ʯһ㣬ĿⶼͬһϣȻΪհ
ߣ
˼һͻȻݶû˻عѾƥߴͻԣ̤գƽأŴƵĺ󷽶ȥ
˼
󣬻غͶç֧һĻɫ΢䣬ʶĿҪסǶ˼ٶȺ֮죬ֻһգۣ̳Զȥ
Ȱˣûһˣûдһͻʵʿ𣿡
˫£У΢΢ЦŶ˼ԶȥıӰɫ񵭣ƺϵ˼дһ


971 ־һ
˼ԶȺܶĶҪö࣬Ҫʵ˼ϧԼʿԾ˵ͣǶ˼ȫûɳԼʿ뷨һùˣȴޡ
˿Ŷ˼ıӰ
ԴͲµᶯ֣
ص
ЦĿӹսǰֻĿӹԶǰ˵ʱ΢΢һ˿ɫ
ʳ۹ʵʵ̫ǿˣǧﱼϮ˹֮ǣޱΪԼ֮佫һյľսһıԺսĽϲǴ޻壬սʦܹᲢۣһϸµģëǣûС
һ֮ĽޱԴ˷ǳڴ˹ĵҹҹûһ̲ڴһ̵ĵڿԸעҪΪӰˡ
ʳ۹չֳʵ̫ӴˣѾѹκεսıԣʹеļıӢ֮ءԸͽ˿̲סºͼɵ
ҲǴƺôҵĹ£ôʱ䣬κ˹ص۹ͻʺֵܼס
ϧעҪʧܣȻֽܣһԲеԸܹԼ֤䣬Ŀһ̣Ҳӣ
һ֪̾ο׶༪ˣȻԸϣǿַʽڴʳл̲סź

ɱ
Զķǰɱ춯أʮƾӴʱԵĴκĶҪΣպվöࡣ
ɱЩͽ
ǧĴʳӿ룬ϵԽߣƵӪСǰʳҪԽһߣһҪƵĴۣڴƵĸϳ˴δεȱڣԭȻɭϵĴƷҲھ޵ĳɾ
棡սʧܣսˣ
棡սʧܣ˹ʧ֣Ĩɱ
һξ棡սʧܣȫ㽫ͬʱĨеĴӡǡ

Уһģ˼ԺھԳֲİɫ𵴲ײ£߷ݰ㳯ĵط׹¡
ХӿĹӰӶϷӶһɲǣʱ䶼·Żͷ½ϣһɲǣս
Զţ¡¡󲽳һ;ȥ𵩾ˣҲһƬҵĴƾӣĿԶӹ忴ԶֻܵдƵģҲйӶģÿ˶ɫ԰ףͫǾš
ͷޣȫ˵ġ
𣬾˳Щܵǰ忴޾죬Ĳ֫ϱۣأʬʬ޾һ˫˫۾ա
Щ֫ϱ֮£忴˽Ӻһ㣬ʵѪǧĲиꪣ˵ĵڵϣһ챻ѪȾ죬һʳʿ̤ڽ¡
ǰһߵĵط忴Ŀսͷɺ۾յľ޴ơ޽ţһһΣϵ
ͷ޵Ĺǰ˹Ӳĵ涼ѿһشǧľ޴ʯըʮɸߡ͵ǰʵ̫΢Ҳ̫Сˡ
ǸκζܱܹԿġ
дʿ࣬صĵط֥ǧ͸϶ɳȥ忴ڽĶԼ˵ʲôʲôҲ
ֻ˵ϣ޾ʬ壬һ˫˫Ѿȥģ硣
һɲǣһޱߵʹӿ
Ҫʧ𣿡
ڤڤУһӿԺвͻȻʹ޷ߣ֮֮Ϊߣսɳǳ
ԭΪʤı˹ˣȴƣЩĿ֮⣬һԼԲںԺܵȻȥ
ǿصʬرЩʬУ൱ֵĽʿ嶼ܱϳܽеó֡Щ˴Ͼ͸Լûк˹һޱȵŷԼԼҪգȴ
һɲǣһǿҵĵӽżһֱܵ⣬оһַʹࡣ
ЩǿսʿǲӦ
ս׼ٰ֮áǧĴƳǧװݣдĹӶԼѵصĶ
ⳡսǳ׵ʤ⣿
ӦõģԲӦģ
ʯ䣬ͷԺзӶ۾ԼȭͷƵķѾͻˣĸѾͬ衣
Ѿ㾡ȫȴ޷赲ͷֲľޡԼ޻ɡֻΣ۵ֵز䡣
ģһϣһ
ݺҧԼĸ
¡
ڣһڵ㣬صҵ˵ϣڵҳһ޴ĿӶʱһҲָ³һѪӵվһ̣ӵҲ˸֥ͳǧǵ
壬쳷
Ѿûа취ˣǸԿ˾ޡ
˹ѾˣϿ쳷ˣ
ʵǻлᣡ

忴֥ͳǧ۽ĿԼ
Ǹ֥ǳǧų޵֮˹֮ս֥ͳǧѵ¶زˣҼµʱ䣬˵⡣
սͷβ֥ûзڸ֥ȴòľȻʹ࣬ȴǵľ
ͷ֪ƣ룬ȭľ޺Ѫ죬ʬҰսֳ֥أʣⳡУѾȫʧˣټȥֻν
֮ǰ˽ƴһЩޣǱ볷ˣ
ǲܽһȫڴˣ֪һսʧܣΪʲôҪȥֿ
Ϊ˧ǵľӦǴͻΧܵıʵͼպս
ߣ
һ࣬Ҳ˵ˣĻ̼
սϴֱǰԲð벽ʹ֮սļûһҪ˵뷨Ⱥ޺ãã纣ľӣȫϣ
ʹ絶Ҳò
޵ʵܹԿģѾ㾡ȫȥֹʧˡ
ڻͻΧȵͷ޳ʹƻӵаľӣԾ޵Ŀֲʵֻ˲Ϣܹٵһϣο󷽻жʮĴʳԶ޻ڻ
ֻȡʱ䳷ˣԱȻԸϣⳡսȷʵѾˡ
ܵģ˹֮սܾôǾ᳷˵ģ
ݺݵȭͷͷ֣Ѫ


972 ־
Ʋܰܣ
ƾԲܰܣ
˫ȭȫĹͷ졣
û˱ףһ˹ʧܣûκζɽĻᣬʧأʧأ¤ʧأݲ䣬ңƽٽ١һһƽٲԨҪıһУȴƣͱס˹ܴʳ
ֻס˹һһıƱҵˡ
ο֮ʯҲˣ˼
𣡡
Զҧֲ˵ʱ򣬷ϣ̳죬ը֮ڶȼߡߡܵͷŭХڵһϷŰĴսʿӴܣǳǧʬ塣
Ѫˮ£Ŀ⿴ĵطһӰЦţ
ɣɣͨͨɣ
СǣЩͽͨͨɱ⣡
űιͷϣ߾˫֣Ѫˮӵرͷϣϣֱϣ¶һɼµɱ¾С
Ϊ޾ŵͳ˧﷢µĳ購һζªĹڴʳ۹ҲηնֲĴڡǺֳ֪ĻҪաֲöࡣ
ӲսнֲµĴģսľǡ
ÿβսʱϲɵЩ޲ϴݻٶ֣һֻ̤ʱһǱ£ŨҵѪˮ罭һ㣬ˢ£ܵͷ
ɱ¾Ѫ֮Уܻ޵ĿУԶȾ޾ŵͳ˧͹﷢購ݣܵ
˵ģûֵܹҵľޣЩˡɱǣ
Բ۾Ц˷ޱȡ
Ѿˣ֪ԼɳͷľʱЩ˾Ѿ׵ˣοжʮʳ
ֻʣǸСˣ
΢΢۾Ժһͷ
ЩԿʳͽȻɱǶ˵УһԶе˸ӿɺޣɱ֮ġ
ͷޣǾ޾ųδйľ޴ʧ˵һֳ衣
ɱ㣬һԽͷ­ɱ
ЦһѸٴһͨ˵ϵľԳо֮Уߵʵӹɵģûͷ޵ʵǿ

ϣ̳ͷĩаһ㣬սϷƻͻȻ࣬ɽͰӴ󡢽׳ľԳ˫ɺľ޴ͻȻһ˿ɫѸ˰ɿ塣
𣬾ӴľԳԾͻȻˣ˹ȥɽľ޴ȭо޴֮Ƴҹȥ
Գһ·ѷǳͻȻѡʱǡǡǴȫܣյ׼ͻΧ˽սʱ
үСģ
󲿶ӣֹޣ
ү

ˣͷһĻһ󺧣ŵ澪֡үʵȻǿ󣬵ǿĻЩʳľޣԻصĴڡ
ҸҪǣүվһԴڳ״̬
䣡
Ӵսϣһһĺɫһ㣬˷ХԳյľ޴ȭͷһ̣ûܹܵȫ˹
Ȼֻһ춯صĽеĺɫ䵽ԳȭͷͺһӲıݣеĹȫֵһֵƥ㣬׷״ӿеԳȭͷٳȥ

˷󾪺һƬ
壬Сģ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ۿҪߡУһɲǣ¡бɲǣһӰͻȻڿУгһһĻԽžԳȭͷնȥ
֥㻹ǲĲԼɣ
ˣͻ𣬾һɲǣԳ󷽣̹һǿգ籼׳һ㣬¡һײڸ֥ǵֺĽϡһûлоԳֹĺѾһɺƺǿУ¡һΪΡ
ôܣ
ϣпһĻ˶ˡ֥ǰͳ˧Ǵƶĵ۹󽫣һսֻ²ѷɫڶ˼֮ǾȻ˿һͽĽɢΪֱľ
˹֣
У֥عͷǵӾ޺󷽴֮ӱӰͫһǼ䣬ɫˣһ˲ˮס
ֽס֥ˣӥĿǣһźɫĴ裬Ԩħһ㣬нӽһ׾ŵߣڶĵ۹֮УҲǳͣĿͦΣĿ͸һ͹ζһܸо˼
ӡ̵ģ͸¶Ϣһָζζ޴ڣȫÿһëףÿһϸÿһ
һΪսˣһսʿһľˣǧսʿ𾴣кͳ䣡
ʳ۹ڶܹӵʵģҲֻа˹ˡһս˺ܾ֮󣬰˹ԳˡƵĴѾ᧿Σھ֮ʳͳ˧˹ҲԳˣƵĴһΣյ˼㡣
֥ҾǸӢۣһս·
˹ֵǻԲδ䣬һޱȣɽȭƿն֮٣ݺݳŸ֥ײȥڰ˹ֳȭɲǣУͻȻֲڰ˹ֵı¶һͷϺۼףۼ³ţëľ޴ħ
ͷ޴ħ󣬺Ȼһɫľ
ʮħ
˹Ǵͳ˧ǴʳĶǿߡʱսһʹʳԨԴĹУ˹еõһĹŴʳ书ʮħ񹦡
ڴʳ񻰴˵Уʮλǿֲħں֮У½ĵˣϻ硣ǷӡʮħУ˸Զĺףʮħ
ܱӡʮħȴǿʮħ񹦣
Ǳʮز棬һֱڹŴĴʳս𣬼ʱԶʮħѾм󲿷ʧˡЩʮħ񹦣ÿһо׵ÿõһʮħ񹦵ˣʷ϶ǼǿĴڣǴ󽫣ܶ˲ѫǴʳʷϺպĴڡ
û֪˹ִеʮħеһλʮħ䶼֪ǰ˹书ǿӹɵġ


973 
֥ϵףʥ̣ͣˣ֥սʮ꣬һֱƽǵȴڰ˹ֵ¡˹ֵǿ֪
䣬֥Ϊ˶Կޣʵ࣬˹ֱѣǴ۷״̬˲ͰѸ֥ѹƣͷ޺ͶʮӵĽôϾĿ飬˹ֵĳ֣ѩϼ˪ʱĳԴƼ䲻
һ֥࣬Ĺ֮󣬾Գûκ谭ɽ޴ȭ̩ɽѹ֮ƣݺݳȥʱûܰ塣֥ĳҲûôۿžԳȭҪͷһ̣ҪھԳȭ¡
ˣͻȻ䣬֥Ͱ˹ֵֽıը嶸Ȼع

ͷë׵ľ޴ȭȭǵӥĿǣߴ˶ѪӰжʱһ󴥶¡Գɽȭڵϣڵҳһ޴ĿӶǣҡΣѷ죬˷ӣ˺ϱʯмŸ䡣
һȭľ޴Ӵ˶Ϊ֮𺳣
̫ˣ
ݺȭͷ¶Ѫ˷ܣ
ڸɵ쵰ˣ
ǸƵͳ˧Ǹɵͷ޵Ļ쵰ڱɱˡһɲǣǰδе㡣һ̣¡¡ָӣɽͰӴľԳ̧޴ȭͷһ˫ɺŵɨȥ
Һԣʲô³Ȼܰͷ­ɱܹǵӣҲ
ص˸˷ܵľâкܶ಻Ϊ֪ı̬ȺãϲڵصԡֵѪϲЩֲӣԽǿĶ֣ԽݸߣԽǿҵֿԽ޷ֿ
ɱͷޣشţܹӣ˵κζҪֻһ˵ʢ硣
һ̣˷ܵıʱˡԳҿĵϿյģʲôûУһѪûУ˵ʬˡ
ô£
ͫһ˶ʱɫһ̣ĿѸ١ɨ棬һϤӰ
ģôܣ
ݶҪҧˣôû뵽ôľ룬ȻܳɹӾԳĹһǿҵɱб
ⳡս˭Բܣֻ㣬Ϊӵ𣿡
ɱڣû˿ԥ䣬ߴľԳһԾٴγ׷ɱȥԳڿУһɽ޴Գ߸̩ɽѹ֮ƣٴγͷȥһΣ֮ǰ죬
үСģ
ԶѦǧ˻󺰣бѾ˿һĻ̲סٴνҲ̲סʧһ԰ɫĶɤۡͳ˧Ĵ󶼻˵İ
˻սڴʿǻԵġֻеĴ˲
Ȼȭ£¡һ˸ԭµӰٴԺ֮ɹܹ
ʵѾﵽʥ侳صľ磬ԳǿҪɱ壬Ȼ¡

صһ˫ͨ죬ԽķŭˡԽǳɹܣеɱԽǿң
ҾͲţܶһΣܶһٴΣһǧΣ
𣬾žԳըֱִۣ糵ְ£Ϲ塣Ȼûз֣ڲϵԳУԽԽɫҲԽԽᶨ
ܳҾԲܳ
һ¡¡죬ԽԽ
Ʋ䣡һϣģ
ϷХι¼ף絶˴Ĳҽսʿ˾ŵѪصҲ۶ϵ
սһսһӴδԹ˵
ۣ忴˿мսİ˹ֺ͸֥İսһȴ֧穡ԶһĴƸܶǵҲͳǧＤսţǧ̫ϣĹѣһҲϸ顢ܼѺۼ˾ĵǣԭīӲ̫һ̣ȴֳ͸״̬
ס
ǵº;޵ɱ¾ðشû˰֧ţǧ̫Ҳ֧š
壬߰
ͻȻ֮䣬һȣըؼ𡣾ںʹʳܶǵ½սĵڣǧﻯ̫ȻŤͷ壬͸¶ȵĽʹߴٵζ
һսѾˡԸ⻹ǲԸ⣬ⶼѾһʵ
ʳǾӵǾ޵ս˴ƿԵֵķ롣תƣʵǴӦġ
壬찡
ǧۿжҪųѪκζҪ۵ģʹ󶼻Ѿ߲ˣڣܹ뿪ģˡͲӦóΪ˾Ԯǲġ
ҪϺҲֻǰ
ңǸ֥һ˵ݶѾᡣ岻̫ͬˣֻʮ꣬չֳǻۡıԡŸɣԼ츳ȴѾǷ켫ﵽ͸֥Ϊ֮̾ĵز
ܹ彫ӵ޵ĿܣҲӵ޵Ŀܣ
Ҳ͸֥˲ԸԼԭ
ֻһܻ彫ѵѡ
¡¡
֪ʲôʱһ޴ͬһ㣬գƲ֮һӶ֪ʲôʱܲƴ˷۶ѹկ˹Ƕ²
ˣ
ɲǣȻ̧ͷѸٲȡжһΣûˣͻȻ֮䣬ӭͷһۿͷӴԳӶȥ
壡

дһ󾪺Ǹ֥ǳǧ˭Ҳû뵽岻ûкˣٳЩ޳ȥȻʱ˿̣ʲôҲˡ˾ٲԨΣǲ˵ġ
ȣ
һȣžԳڵϵľޱۣͬһֻСһ㣬ӶϡڿУеȸֳһãһʮɳĳ׽һѸɳױɫȻѸٵ˾Գ塣
һȻ½֮ԣӵ˲֮С
໣
ԳһɽԳۣ¶ʹɫԭ̺ͱŰɺһɲǣȫΪһƬҡ
¡
ʯ䣬վ֧飬ĿĵĴϣʹеӴԳͻȻһȭ
ԣ
ͻȻƤһоһ˿ԵĵطͷԳһȭһȭһֱں治ͣ׷ɱԼһȭȻҲǳԼģǷ򡭡


974 ǿߣ
ˣ
ڤڤУһͷԺͻȻֹͣ㣬һôվһ¡ʯ쾪һֻëף廹Ҫ߳ĺɫȭûг£ɿĵطһıը
飬һĥ̴ǵʯ˹廹һɶ࣬ͱһεǽ赲
ԣ
վ·ʲôûʲôûиоһһɲǣЩͷԺ֮䣬ȴʲôץס¡ը죬Գһȭ£ٴλھĵط
Ըо֮ǰԼ׷ŵľԳһɲǣ޾ȥһʧȥԼĿһ
ɫĻ浽ʲô
صҧһ˿㵵ɫָֻܿ˶ԡߡĿơǰ󲻹գۣԳָֻ˱Ụ̋͵һȭ¡һûκεƫֱͷ
䣬ʯɽ̳һΣԳٴҿˡԺ֮ӾԳȭ·ӶһΣûͷԳһǰսսϣͣʳĵط
ڷӵʱУĿ磬һһ鲻ͣɨսָоԽԽǿˣ·ʲôҪܻ֮ʲô
ԣȫԣһʲôطˡģһǵģֻһʱ䣬ʧˣһԭġ
Ժһ¡¡
ͽʲôѵΪܹƾһֹ֮ҵͷ޲ɣ
صҲͻȻľٶŪˡܿͻع
ߣͽӲдǵ
ȻʵǺǿڴؼ¿Եе״ޣûʲôܹ˺ƾͷľޣûʲôΪСǵ۹󽫣ҲһҪס
ϣʱȴʲô֪Ŀⲻɨսӹľ޴״ʱĿͻȻһ޴İ״ԭ˹ǵķŰۿžҪһȺӺ󷽳ɱĴʳУͻȻ֮䣬Ӳһۣıƺͷ򣬳ǰȥ
ڼʮսսϣ״޵ǳ΢СΣʱҲǳݣĹ۲죬עⲻ
ԣ
еָоԽǿˡ
ˣ
Ŀӹм䣬ͷ»Ļɫ޴棬ԼһͷӴľޣٴι۲쵽һЩѰĶ
ͷʳһƻһǰ֪ͷƻǰУƫԭĹ˴֮ԽԽһ̣ͷޱ˴˳ŶԷʱ򣬾ͺһε˿ߡͷϣ͵һ£ԭԽԽҪ˶þͻᡰײһ𡱵ͷޣͻȻ֮Ťͷٴλص죬˴֮䲻Զֱǰ
ƤеָоһɲŨҵ˼¡
һԳ׷ͨڣͬһľԳٴδӺ׷ˣҲ룬ǵɽһȭǣվڵ棬ԾԳߣʱĿӦǿŵġ
ԳԳȻǶɺĿȴǿŵ棬˵ĸоͺ־Эͬһ㡣
䣡
һͷӹԺһɲǣͻȻ֪ﲻԾˡ
ͷ޸Ǵڱ״̬
ݱµģҲ˵˻Ǵʳˣжһġ޾ܷǰǴʳ˶ջؽŲı䷽ͬģһͷݱǰеľޣǰ·߾һֱߡͷԳҲֲܳЭĵͼǸһڿ
һɺϣżȻξǱȻͷ޵ı־Ѱ

ʯһͷԺӶ·ʲôһҪһرǾӴˣ·ɽĴڣƾǾġ
ҪӴֻһܹǾ
ôܻƽٻû٣ô˾ӵӴľȻܹͨӴ
һƬκˡ磬ÿĶ书ǿȱȽǣǾǿĴȴ֮١ֻںƽٵʱһЩߵϿ
ģѲЧЩ˵ľȴʵʣܹԶǿ߲ʵʵ˺佫졣Щ߲ӵееҲں͡ǡԿĹУ˽оͬԿķ
Ȼƽٻûн٣ĩҲкü꣬ûôͻͨƾ޵ǿڡ
⵽ô£Ϊʲôʳ۹ǿľǿߴڣ
Ժд˷һɲǵķ֣ȫ֪
ǺѺǿľ߶Կģǡҵǵı壡
Ժ뷨кܿ⡣ӵ˺ĲͬǾ书Ȼûдﵽʥ侳۷壬ľȴȫȫıʥ
䣡
ʯ䣬һݣٴ˾ԳĹͬһʱ䣬һֵķһ̣һɰľüŷ糱ˮһɨա
һ廹޷֣пյģʲôûУһ̣Գջؾ޴Գۣɺɨʱ˲оһɼصľ񲨶ӾԳϷֻһɲǾʧ١
һֱǱͷֲˡ

һĿ˳ǵ񲨶ʧķɨ˹ȥǿǵ񲨶Դͷ׼Ҳ΢΢ɫǵԴͷȻڵأ£
ôܣ
µǿ߿ܾڸڸĴʳУû뵽ǿ߾Ȼڵص£ʵʼϲ㵲ѡ
ʥ侳صʵܶڵĸλã¾ڿУҲа취Ψڵص£Ҳδ

ʱͻȻһ󾪽У
Ƚ
͵һŤͷһ۾ͿԶĳɫ԰ףͷĿ⿴ſУ͸һľ˳Ŀ⣬һ۾Ϳǰһͷ޴Ľ񡣽ϵѾȫˣ͸һְɫĶ棬һֻľ޴ſͣһŨҵĻɢŻԵ̫ҪңҪ³ĿǶѾʧȥƽĽ
ѾһɶԶľ޴棬Ѿ˼ޣʱɢľ޴У㲻Ҳˣֽڴ˵䲻


975 ߵս
ף
оһֱ۽ս֮У˼ӦԾ޵ķûϵ̶ʱڣϻľѾƵֵزȻңԶʵ̶ʱҪԮҲȫ
ٺٺ٣ɣ
ʱĵصףЦһˣжǸĴͳ˧⣬λͳ˧ͬҲĹĿꡣ
ɵԷλ۹󽫼ͳ˧һֱִ˲ƣһϷáͬʱɵǸ˺ͼλͳ˧˵ˡ
СһȸҸɵ˰ɣ
صšȼߡѸ³һҽҵĻ棬ʮɣʮɣѸ£ۿϾҪȼߵĻˣȻһ̣ʼϲ鷢ˡ
䣡
һľͻȻ˲ȼߣҲȼϵľ
ף
ֱʱԶŴĴûϵ鼱У弸Ǳܵıһķʽȼߡ
䣬ǷٽϺʯջҽͻȻһ͵ƫԭķ֮ƣȻʮɿĵϡͬһʱ䣬ľҲ˳ȼϵһ˿

֮䣬ͻȻһƬž۾ιͷһƬ㵣ľ
ôܣ
һʯǧˣʱɲֻһ˿ȼϵľ٣Ƕ˵ǲһ춯صĴ𡣴ʱ˿̣ͷ뵹ǰ¶ô𾪡֪ľ߷ǳϡ٣ͬǿľߣսϵĸʣ˵ûУȴҲӽ㡣
ѵЩͽУҲӵľǿߣܣܣô鷢
һƬκˣǵһǰδеľ޴
ɺϣһɺϣ
ҧгݣܿعΪʳ޾죬˹﷢ʹ͵ྫΪ룬ùϴУӵǿľ߲жôǿ󣬶ԱȲϡ

е߶ӵкľţһǴ
ȼߣҹ
ԺзһХѸͨϵȼߡ


ҵսϣϻľ񣬻ӲԶǶȼյҽջĿ⣬ʶ塣ľ޴һǿ󣬻չĵطʯջˣһֱʮɵľ޴ӶӶһƬڣڲͣð̡
ľ޴湥ƫˣ֮ǰûзȻ֪ô£ϿȷԺйء
ԶظоϵĿ⣬ʱȸлҪ𶯡ȻΪʥ쳣ǿ󣬵һֱûʵĻᡣ⻹һڴģսУһǿľ߽档ոһɲ弸ǱܵͷųԼľû뵽Ч

ͻȻһӶߴͬһʱ䣬дȺľ
ˣСģ
ãͷҪˣ
սϣȺһƬţһ͵ŤͷͷĽŵأ¶ףһű֮ǰŨҵöҽѸٳ͡¡Ͽȥɲǣٴ¹һҪ֮ǰǿҵöࡣ
ˣ
룬һľٴδüŷ˲Ϣ䴩գԶľ޴档
¡
ʲôûзĸӦУһξͺײһӲĸڻľ޴ڣԸоһɭ䣬ͬʱ͸ŨҺڰϢľ
ߣ
ȻʲôûпԿ϶ǸĻо޵ľߡ
Сӣ㵽ʲô
ŭХͻȻԺ
ɵˣ
ЦһһӴľ֮֮ǰӵǿ󣬴üɾ϶ΪһȻײǲɭ䣬ͺڰľϣ¡ľٴαײ÷顣
䣡
ͬʱ޴ġȼߡ³ҽ棬һεУٴһƫھʮĵ棬һƬ
ȥнʿȫˣ
ԼȴǿȻȻ֪ʲô£Ҳ֪ôģʶԴƼڻ˵ʱ
Ϊڻĳˣ쵼Ĳʧء
¡¡ϵһ䣬ĴƲ׷ȥڳ֮УҲϸС
һ࣬ȼƫı仯ԶֹˡУ뼤սİ˹ֺǵλʳܶҲע⵽쳣Ȼǻ۲࣬ǵıȴֲ֮еľǿҲѷɫ
ľ޴ԻΪµʱֹٶȼ죬ҼΪ׼ƫ
һɲǣ˶üͷ
Ǿ޾űƿ֮ڴʳ۹ϵĻʵ۹﷢ֱ˹ֶеغ֪Ҳ޴бϷʲô
ʱ˿̣𺳵Īڵص״ͷˡ
һǾײɵĳʮ
˶ھ޴֮С
ߣߡȻһߣ
۾Ҫۿˡ˵һΣˣһսͬʱǿľߵĻôڶΣľײѾнҡ
ô£СӲŶ󣬲Ŷôôǿľ
ҲţҾţ

һϴСΪһĹϵĴҪĴлҪϺӴöࡣǾǿģûһˡ
츳Ȼձò󣬵Ǿȴ쳣ǿ󣬷ʳ۹ܺǵеҲ޼ԲŻ޾šһ㣬¾ǰ˹λսѪܶҲҪ硣
ΪְһĹ츳ΪĴʳ۹ռҪְ﷢ӡ
ڣȻһǿľߣԼҪö࣬ȫھߵ֪
Բôǿľߣһ㹻ˡˣͳͳͽΣܸʲôۣ㶼ø£

˵֮ǰֻΪ˽ģΪͷԼľޱɱŶɱĵĻôڣɱѾŨҵԸӵĵز֮ǰҪɱĸ֥ǧǣԺˡ
һǿľߣǶԼǶԼľ޾ţʳ۹˵һ־޴в磬һԼһǿľߴڡ


976 ڰݻ
𣡡
ֻǶ̶һɲǣ˵ĿУȼߡոߣߵͷͬʱ˫ɺ׺ޱȣԶվʬм䣬һ͹޴ʯϵ塣
飬̳ضҡͬһʱ䣬ͷѹͣͺţӸȫȥһȥһѸٷ𹥻ܣ˹һ̫Ҫҫ۵ĳȻ棬Ѹٳȼߵĺ䣬۵һͬ۵ƥƿնֻһεĿ겻ϣվھ޴ʯϣѪ߰ߵ塣

˷һ󾪺һΣ˵ˣϣǧĴʳҲע⵽ͬѰһĻһȫ׷ʲô
У˹ֺǵ˻࿴һۣ˱˴˽üͷ
Ǽƻеİţ
ͷ޵жѾȫľ¹룬ǰ˹Ԥеӡ
쵰ڸʲô
˹ŭ
ɽΪ˧պѪܶ˹ͼƣ£λ佫ʲôжͣǵλ֮ܶ⣬û˸Υ˹ֵ
ڵͷľޣжð˹ֱܵĸо󲻿졣˹վô̵ˣҴƷƣѳɶ֣ǰ£˹ֵҲʱһʶ
ΪǸС𣿡
˹ֵ۾У˳ͷ޵ķһۿԶ塣ɲǼ䣬˹ַ·ʲô룬˹ֻһѸǰĸ֥ȫȥ
ɱģ˹һ㶼٣ڴ֮ǰ˹ֻҪȽ֥λ
䣡䣡䣡
УǧأӰ磬һӰϵؽһ
һ࣬ʯϣͷͬʱԼ˹йâһѸٲȡж
䣬һɰľɨͬʱײͷޣֻһɲǣͺٴһʵʵײڤڤУоһľԺ΢΢һ𣬶һ࣬ͷϵʶ˲ͬ쫷ɨһ㣬׷׷顣
ͷԭ˹ľޣһͣɺ¶һĨԻɫʱһãȻ޴룬վһֻǴ͵Ĵܡ
Ȼˣ
һĻжʱһƬˡ
У⻹һκһǿľߡһεʱ廹ƾűȥսǽν֣ھѾԽԽѾһЩⳡսԶûеʱ
оҪıⳡ˹֮սĽ֣ԼѾһؼĶ
쵰ˣ
صζҪըˡΪ޾ŵͳ죬ٿؾ޻ûʧֹǽΣȴȫǰƵֹˡһǿľȴȫӲ
ָо˿һ㡣
ܵģҾһëûСӣ
еɱԽԽҡ
һ̣䣬һǿľһ𣬻Ϊһ׶һ㣬صصףʯϵݺݴȥ
ڰ̻
Ϊ޾ŵͳ˧ʹʳ۹ļеһǿľ׵Ľ˵ݻ٣źڰ̻ɱжԹȵĵ۹佫Щ۹󽫣ܵĹ¾ҪܵСľ޴
ھòǵ֮Ĵʦ
䣡
ĺڰ̻·һݺݵشԺ֮Уһ̣ھͻȻһٵذľ죬һɲǣȻ֣Լĺڰ̻ͺײһӲľݣײ֮˲ɢΡ
ֹˣΪ𺳵ǣǸ£Ȼоһǰδеģ֪κһȻͬꡣǿ󣬶Ҵ͸Ź졣
ĸ֪Уͺüһι죬ȴг
δ˸ӵꡣ
Сӣ㵽ʲôˣ
𺳵
Ҳ΢΢⡣
ĻľǿߣĻҪȻʲôһǰûз˲䣬ͻع֮ʯκ˶ֵܻᷢ˵ģľ񹥻ܹܣοľ񹥻
ǺǣҪ˵ЩνĻˣѾλãƾɱôˣΪӵ𣿡
Цʹʽľ񹥻֮ǰʱȻ֪ڵصףȴûа취жľλáڣڹʱҲɹץİѱҵڵص׵ľλá
ʲô
صһһ̻룬͸оһӴľӵ糱ˮɫ԰׵ǣǹɳˮľڰ;֮Ѹٱ仯һɹɾһѸٻΪһ׶
Ȼĺڰ̻һģһ
¡
ʯ䣬ľ֮٣صף͵غıϡֻоһľԺж͵һ𣬵ϣվھʯϣһԻζһ¡
ص£ıǿУŨŨѪ
򵥵ľ֣壬Ǻʥ侳صĳǿ߲ͬԶûôǿһξײֱײȫѪڣˡ
ܵģô飬Ȼôѧҵʽ
ϵ˻ΣȻܹʽоºͲܽܵġ
ǲڰ̻ģȻ֮ǰĹͲʹԭʼķʽҪ˵һô̵ʱڣѧ˵ľţʵã츳ֱԽ
֪Уǲܵġ츳Ҳû
ɱɱɱСӣһҪɱ㣡
ʱѾЩˣһԸĴڶ˵ȴһ޴Ĵ䣬û˿ԥᣬһɹɾ̣ǵأɽܼ䡢ȥ
ߣúã
ϣվھʯϣɫݣη壬ʳľǿȷʵľҲȵϡ
û˿ԥһɹӴľһ㣬ü͸صصףͬȥ׺ݳ̶ȣй֮޲
֮УһĵһܣŨҵѪζʬͲʬϱۣһشʹ塣֮нյܣʣȫΪͷޣڵص׵Ǹؾǿߡ
ƾ˹ֺǶʮʳʵ
ȻҪ壬Ҫɱ֮죬ֺγɵ


977 ں
䣡
صھرʮɴĵطǿľŭһҵײһʽȻͬľһ䣬һǿϾţɱţȻû𵴣Ҳû˺ѴءյĿճ̶ȴй֮޲
ּľսõ۹󽫼ǿ߶Ϊ֮Ȼʧɫ
һһεľײţ廹˵ľⳡսܴСġվھʯϣȻƲɫѱò԰ס
վʥ侳صĶǿߣ֮£ⳡս֮еܴһЩʱѾֹǱǿѪˣ۾䣬ͬ͹ıѪҡ
쵰
ôҶһҪɱ㣡
צ˶ҪˡеĹ塢ܶ佫ǰҪĻηʳ۹˹﷢ûܹ˹֣ҲֻŹ﷢
Ϊ﷢ԭڿԵͷߡ㰬˹ΪܶҲ
ڣȻһͽŪǱˣֱܴ裡
ˣ
һɲǣû˿ԥߺ޵Ĺâͬʱµ״ޣһͳ壬ŵص׸ȥ
ţ
ͫһƤ΢΢£֣ⷭȫԤϡܿ죬׹Ҳûн޵ģԽԶĹЧҲϺܶࡣ
ȻԷںԼĽг˿Ҫս룬ӳԼĹΧ
Ҳû׷ɱصʼߵĽûֶΣǱصףֹĶֽʵʹȻǶԷһʼͿǺõġľûıֶΣһ㲻ǰߡ
֮취Ըͷޣ
ƺƣվھʯϣ·Ʈ裬нǣȴû˿ı¶ڵĴѾΣԸӵĵز˹ֺǵλ۹󽫼Ĵʳͳ˧Ѿ֡
˵вϢοͷصľޡ
ţĿܿۼͷϡ
ߣұʹַСӣҵģ
ͻȻӵص״ٴԺδ䣬һɱκһθܶҪ硢ǿľ񲨶ӵص׵Ŀȴ壬ǡͷӴľԳˣֻһɲǣǹӴľѸûԳʧ
ǡ
ִ٣оȲѡΪԷǱܶսڿȫˡ
̶һɲǣ֮սѾ˷츲صı仯𣬾󣬾뼸ʮĵطͷ޴ġߡԳëһţ׷𣬲趯ſһѪڣԣ·ɵذ纣һ㡣
СӣˣҪ̣
ӵص״˵仰㳹׵伣ˡصۣ͵³һѪµ״ͷϣһ˥࣬òҲӵĲϡª
ں
ǼڹŴɯֽϵһžϾһʹõģֻоǿĴʳʩչǸȷĹŴ۹ЩޣʱҲϼǿĶ֡
ںݻЩǿֵġ
ʩչžɹļʺܵͣʧܵĻܵصķɣɹҲҪܴĴۣ˺һ㣬Ҳ̡ԣеĴʳ붼ǳĽ
Ǿǿ֮以ݣչ¶ľǿȣо˼ȵΣвʩչšں
ɶҸôۣʮ꣬һҪʬΣʬ޴棬ҸĴۣ
Ĺâһܿ촹ͷͬʱͨ˵ϵľԳ
䣡
һһֻȭͷɽСȻ֮䣬ݺݵͬǾԳĺңٶȡ֮ǰȫͬն¡𶯣ʯϼʮɸߵĵطһɹɺӾԳëȭ͸
Գĵطռ䶼Ťģ
ô£ôͻȻôࣿ
䲻ݷ֮ʣԺ֮ԳĹҲǰľͷԳ֮ǰ׷ɱٶȣûôֲ巴Ӧ죬ʱעܣǰܣʱѾˡ
ֹˣΡȻȻĸ֪УͷԳһεĺڰУ˷һɹԪ˷ӿڡ
ЩԪ֧£ͷԳʵڲĸͷ·֮С
͸һ˿𾪵ɫ
֪Щ޾ȻַʽѾЩߡ
ɣ
ľ񲨶ٴδֻһΣǴӵصףǴǰͷðźľԳϴ䣬δ䣬žԳ͵ɽѵһȭֿݣݺ¡
һ̣ѾˣǾԳԳ
壬վǰһֻ΢ϡ
¡¡
ں
ڳɹʩչŹϵ֮巢˿ĹһɲǣԳʵ֮ǰǿ˲ֹһں˿ʩ߿ƾޣһãǿԵԲڵԪȫӳ֣ǿ޵ʵ
ʱԽ޵ʵͻӵԽԣﵽĵز
үߣ
Զ󾪺޵ı仯²á֪ͬԶ𵩾սҵˣ׷ױɫ
˵֪УǿߣʾȨ֮۵ġ۹ǡǿĵ۹󽫣ͷԳǰҲҪʧɫ΢Ҫ˵ʥ侳صˡ
𣡡
Գ˶Ϊ֮սľǷĹĵ׵֫⡢ƻھԳĹУʱɥھԳĹ֮¡
Уȥүģڵ״ԶԸ˾ޣ
֪
𾴵ˣҲһҪѧϰЧµˡ壬ڻڸĺ͵˼ˣܾ衣ɷӦүһػգҵؽǣ֪Ϊ֮۷֮ġ
Σү
֪ǣݣ͵һ֪Ҫ뿪ķȥ
ûõģүǲ뿪ģ
ʱһֻᣬȴǿֱۣͻȻӺ²ɫأһס֪


978 Ԧ֮
֪֪ү磡ԺүʵҪߣûʲô赲סʳ˺ͷԳҲСǲܣǸܣѵڶûз𣿺үַʽͷޣٴ
ˣ
²õĻ֪һŲʱȻֹ
֪ǺүѡֻΪ˰ȫͲ辡Ҳƣ˶ʱðΣǰϣûˣ͸ӲˡǺүľ֪ûܸĵˣ
²ó
ֺγѺүȳ£мܹүһϵҹ£ǳ²֪ͬ˹ˣѾûѡ񡣺үԼκ˶޷ıġ
֪৵һ£ɫ԰ޱȣȭͷվûǰһãתͷתһ

һ࣬ûı仯עȫǰʵǵľԳϡ
¡¡ʯߵĿھԳĿը£˲仯ԵըҩµӰ䲻ݷ֮ʣͣ㡣Щʯ飬ͣײȫ赲
һа취ģ
һԾԳһڰͷڵͫУӳϷȻһɲǣ뵽˺ܶ࣬书̺ͣشԺгˢ
䣡
˼ͬʱһǿľ񲨶üһشײھԳϡ
ûõġ㻹ΪǰڣѾûκ㡣ľûǿڣҲûǿ󣡹
ЦԼӡ
ȻںҪܴĴۣһжֵõġ֮ǰɵͽʵڣԼеϡ׵İŪڹ֮䡣ţХžԳ壬͵һȭ¡
սѾʤˣƵľߣϵ⣬Լ׸
䣡
û˿ֻ˵ʱһǾݣݺݵײھԳϡ
ģЩ޵㣬ǾȻӴҲǿò˼飬Ǿȴǲܺġ㣬һǾ
аڰһתۣѸٵڵϣȻŲմأǰһݣڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣ˾Գٴһ
ˣû˿ԥһǾػüֻһΣĿ겻ǾԳʮĻɫ桰ȼߡ䣬ʲôûзԭڷ»ľ޴һͣͻȻƬ̣ͺ񶨸һ
Ǻܿ죬һӰҽ棬Ӿ޴ſ¶ڵϣըһڵľ޴Ӷ
ãȷʵЩпãǣôشǣǡ
üͷ
ܸоԼҶ˷֪ΪʲôЧȴǳޣͺҵ˽ͨȴʼƲȰڵĴšȻڤ˼ʱϤķЦٴ
Ҹ߿ˣԭʲôʿȻӵǿľᾫĹ
һɲǣͺ´½һ˼ɵҲ˳ɱ޵ʱŷԼˡһûԼôԾһ֪⣬ȫǸ⺺
ôΪ𣿡
仰һͣͻȻͣͷ­һ̧űľԳȻһЦһɲǣͻȻ֪ôˡȻǴľǿߣȴ֪ٵľš
һžͽԦһþķšΨһǣȻַ֪ţȴûʩչĩĶ󲿷ֶǻǶѡ
ԦܿƵģҲѡǾ޺ЩȫͬûãҲȫûס
ûãֻһˡ٣ȷʵһž
뵽ͻȻü
¡ͻȻһͬһ㣬𣬱ֱĳžԳͷ˹ȥֻһһ۵ĽǶȣ˾ԳԳϣͬʱͣĳžͷȥ
ʲô
һû뵽ʵԼȻԼ

ԳԳһժ֮ƣץ塣
ȻûԳ£Ŀкһһ֮ǰȻͬİ羫ü
Ԧ֮
ˣɾ£ǳ͸һҰԣ籼ǣҰܣֻһɲǣԳü˲;ԳһˣһɲǣԳ嶼
ⲻܣ
ԳڣȻһͺֲһû˾ȻӵкġںһԺƾľ
ô飡
ȫľŭ֮󣬺¡¡һǱܵĿһִԳۣݺ˹ȥһڱŭ£ٶȱƽֹۿɽ޴ԳۼϣԾԳѵصʥصʵҲɣȻʱ򣬲˼һĻˡ
䣬һ죬Գۻû£ʯ䣬һֻ޴ԳͻȻ̧ǯһ㣬һεץס˼ľޱۣס⾪һ
𾪣
пһĻˣһȫĿ࣬𾪵˵
ôһɲǣսһƬţ˹ֺǵ¶ע⵽ⲻϳһĻ
⣬⡭ô£
ԳȻԼԼ
ϣ˶סˡ
ⲻܣ
صʧ͵۾ֳȵ𾪡
ںǴǿŴǳԽʱģЩȱǿҲ޿ɡѾˡߡ£˾ȻԺᡰߡĿȨһɹһֱֱۣ˲š
ǱʶУǾԾԲܷġ
ôܻ飿Բκηܹ;ںᲢ۵ģ
صҧۿҪѿˡ
˵˵̫ˣ
ʱһͻȻʶվھԳļϡԳλëǳŨܣվëûϥǣܸоƤëᡢ𣬳űըĴ鼡⡣
ʱžԳ˶ͷ­˸⡣ԦĻҪõĶࡣ
ޱҲǶֻҪǶԦͿʹã
˷ܡʼԦʹã߻谭ܿ췢֣ͷԳڳŸֶĻ򣬲ԦǡԦԦԦʨԦȫھԳϵõӦ
ͷޱԶֵôǿ


979 磡
ܿߵһֱôҵԶҪǿĶ࣬ҶջҪ

䣬Գұһ͵İ۵ͬʱһȭƹԳžԳϰȥ飬һڵӣСбһᣬһˮһ㣬ס˾Գⰵɱһ
ˣ
ɫ΢䡣ͬǿƾԳ壬һԳۣУпƵЧȫֻͬɡ񣬺䣬ȫͬն٣ûô
ϾǸǿߣսɷ棬廹ǲ̫Զ
ٺ٣Ҳڵˡ
Цִдķû˿ĳɣһ̣Ѹٷ˹
¡
ûѡþԳػһɰľӾԳü룬˳ݺݵײʶϡһκ֮ǰͬͺݻһ͵ķһС
ٺ٣
ͻȻһڽг֣ʹõԽ࣬Խܸо̺İأν棬Ѿ˺ܶܣ̽ʳߵ֣
ѾʶܣǰѾûκλˣ
岻һľߣҲûκξ񶷷ľ飬Ǻ־ǿߵսУѾѸٵĻ֪˹ھİأھս棬ֱ
ҪǣȻᡰںҲûôḻľ飬䲻ڣʩչԦĹУȴ˹ھĺİأ
ĹؼüԵĲ֣˵Ĵ֮һЩľǺ;йصģ˵ľڴԵЩľУ൱ڶһǱܹľ
ҪشƽھԳϵķţͱľ
䣡
յİأľѸٽԺеһ֮ҵײľϣһûκεľ̷ӳ˺֮ǰȻͬЧıըУֻһĲҺһʹȫԳܵӰ죬ֳŨܵëҵĲ
ɶ񣡡
־ŭô벻Ȼôͷ˾ĺİء˵֮ǰ廹һ⺺ĻôѾңﵽ˴ʦļ
ҲŹģû˿ǰô
аޣĿɨأͻȻӹЩڳ˵Ĵʿһͷ͵ػԺͻȻһ˿ݵЦݡ
СӣΪû취ΪҲ֪ľЩһʿôƴΪʱȥǣȻˣҾ㿴Ե³Ҫȫɱ⣡
˵ޱȡ
䣬һֻ޴Գ͵̧ƽɽ㣬̤£ԶһƬʿȥ
ã
ɫ䣬²֮ΪڻЩ˵ĴʿЩͨʿǡǡߣҲ度º͵ĵġ
ڱҷˣҪЩʿҾ㳢ʲôǾζ
󣬹ЦžԳŲȫƵĴʿȥͬһʱ䣬ȼߡոߵͷҲָܵӣ̧ͷԶ
¡¡ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ͷͬʱȡжǰĿ꣬ǰеĴƾȫͻ
㲻ҿôȣھͽȫɱ⣡
Ц֮սһֱ·ͱ֮Уһ̣ڷԼҵ㣬Ȼûа취壬Ǿɨ԰׵ɫһжӡ֤Ĳ²ȷɡ
ھҪƵΪ֮ǰĿۣ
ԶӽƵʿȫٳˣ¼飬Ѫ߰ߣ͸֧Ѿﵽ˼ޡ
ãǾԳ
ǳˣ
ҿӣ

ųԼľԳһȺ¶˾ֵɫ׷ɢܡ
ٺ٣ӵɱǣɱˣ
Ӹ£ɺ¶һ˿ЦݡҲûʹȭֱ̧һë׾޴ĽƳȺʿزȥԾԳһ̤ȥʿ˴ʬ޴档
ҿôֹң
ɫȴֲЩͨʿӲ⣬ֻҪܹ壬Գְȫɱ⡣
쵰
۾һӺˣۿٶƽʿҪھԳ£ʯ䣬ͣһɫϸָͻȻӾԳϱֱûԳĺϥѡ
ԳĽƱѾҪ̤ȥˣɲǼ䣬ͻȻһ飬ʱڿӳ롣

ҧгݣһ˾ԳҪѨ˾Գԣ
ҵҪΪȡãǹӲдѣ
¡߾޴Ľ̤£ڵ̤һ޴ĿӶʯĴƮɡˣһȴȻΪӮȡĻᣬٶƵʿһ긦ȴɹӳ˾ԳĹΧ
ȵһʱȲһ
Цһšߡһ̤׷ɱȥһ̣㵵鷢ˣԭӦøȥȣͻȻ֮ͺӵԼһ̤б󷽡
ߡ̤֮ıϣһ¶ʱԳʧȥƽ⣬ббȥ
㣡㣡㡭쵰
ŭӣôȻô̵ʱ˾Գһȣյߡʧȥƽ⡣
ɱ㣡
ŭ֮У͵һƣϵȥһƺı嵲סˡ
̫Ըˣ˵ѾʶеܣǰӮˣ
ʶ𣬿ƺƣھԳëŨܵϣĿޱȡΪɾߵıʥԶ˵ģھ沢ǺóȴΪõʦ
岻ֻ˾ľ裬ϤܣҪǣվصʱҲͬⳡսʤܵԿס
䣡
ʶ·ըһԭɢҵľͻȻǧһ㣬һּ͵ķʽˮйһĹơһκ֮ǰľ̹ͬ˲ֹǧٱ
䣬ľΪǧʶпը˺ҧצˣڶ̶ʱľڵѾȫɬӣ͵Ĺľǿߡ
У⻹һµĹ
־ŭĹУˣʶͻȻΪһƬ޾ĺɫ


980 ڰԨ磡
Сӣ̫Դˣô򵥣
Х޾ĺɫУһͷ޴ĺɫħֳһ泤ꪣźɫ棬ȻŭХŸˮ棬е泤һ㣬徫ȥ
飬һɫ̴ꪴ򢣬˲ըһɺʧ٣ɫħǺһɨһУ߰ɷɻҡɫħĹԱǿ
ȻɫħĹǿҲֲǧĹֻգ۵ʱ䣬һĲҺɫħʧС
ûõģھ磬޾ħ򲻹ҵģ
졣δ䣬һͷͷͷǧħӺɫиˮ棬ȥһҵɱһͷͷںɫħĹ£׷
ȻûãյͻȻ䣬һͷĶǼ͹Ѹٱ仯գ֮仯ΪһǣǳֵͬʱҲͣһһΪԭʮСѾˣһͷ޴ĺ
ʲô
ı仯۾ˣ۵Ĳš
ʽʹ꣬ھֵˣ
¡¡һ㣬ںɫϿջصۣδ䣬һɽӰĺɫӾ¶˲ƴһͷɫħţͷɫħͷ͵ĿǰĴ󶴣֮󣬺¡ըѣΪһź̡
ۣһһŵŨҺף¶£ɫϣǧĺɫħҺŷսľɲ˲䷢ת

𶯲ѣ
ҲģҾԲģ
㻹ʲô𣿡
¡¡մ仰ʱܴ̼
֪Ķֻѧһ㾫ƤëΪԺҶԿ𣿽Ҿ֪ʲôǿֲԨ
ҧгݣΪ߹ļ;޾ŵͳ죬޷Լһé®Сӡ
¡Ƭɫ˷츲صı仯еĺˮ˲ʧȡ֮һž޴͡
žӴĵزЩɫ֮ȣҲ΢һ㣬Ǿ͵һ̣㽫еĺɫȫС
Ϊʶҵ𣿿ЦǾհأҵԨ磬Զ뿪ҵūͰɣ
ٴ죬޾Ը
粨ܣ̺ķţеķУľźʾǡ硱
Ϊľǿߣʮ֮ǰѾγԼľ硣ڰʳ۹ȵĹУнľʿߣǵУΪū
Ԩ磡
Ķڴʳ۹Щκξܶʹ󽫶֪Ԩͷ
ԨÿֻʩչһΣر֮ǰսоܴʩչԨ磬޼Ѿ˲ˡҪԨ磬ԶԼʶ硣
ˣֻһɲǣһ徫ĺȫľ֮С

΢΢۾ľǳأҲǳ죬УǸоһ˿©ƺеôʵ
ٺ٣ҿ㻹ʲôͣҵľ磬ֻҪʮʱ䣬ͻǰļ䣬ʱͻΪҵūͣһհΨǴӡ
޾Ԩ·ӿţһɹɵĺ˷ӿѸ۳Ļϵһʤߵϲá
õķʽɱɱõķʽΪūԼ־ⳡֱʤȯա
𣿡
һƮ£δ䣬гǧٴ뺣۵һգ֮еĺʧһգʾһԼľϵҲı仯ɺɫɽɫɢһɹʥζ
¡
һֻ޴Ľɫֱ֮Ȼ·Ԩϡ򵥵һƣɲǼ䣬ԨɲһƬκˣ綼Ϊ֮
Ȼһʿһʼپţľһ𣬾⼶ˡΪеִԵʣʹľ֮κһǿ߶Ҫͣǿ
һһε˵ûʲôܹ
ӵɽΪʥ۽ʶټ϶⼶ľҪѧϰķżֱ練ơֻɽͰľ޴ɫֱۣڶʱڣԼľ˿߰㽻֯飬ġ
ֹѾ֮ǰľǿ˲֪١
ûõģ
һĻһǺܿЦ
ҵ磬жͶûõġ˺ңеһж˵㡣
һûգ֮䣬ۣһֻ֮ǰǿĽɫ֣صĺֻβǳԨǳ¡ɫĴ䣬˲ǣҷԨҲ
һ̣ɫһ䣬͵شӺɫԨгֻɫ֣ȥֻֻɫĴ֣֪ʲôʱմȾһƬī֭ĺɫҺ壬ǹɺɫҺԼ㣬˳ɫָֻɫĴӶȥ
ֹˣī֭ŨܵĺɫҺ廹̺һǿҵĸʴؽɫֵʱɫָһһڣȫ
ʲô
һĻ嶸ıɫ
֪𣿡
ٺЦܴԼĵ⡣ھɿĵطɫ㼯ٴ¶
㷴Խ˾ԽֻԼ˺Լҿ㻹ǹԹԵķҰɣ
ͻȻһ˿ܵĹâˣͻԨͻȻʧ֪ʲôʱһŨܵĺڰʵʣ˷ӿЩڰ֮ǰմȾĺɫҺһģһ
ֹˣڤڤУһӴѹɽͣԼαӣһɹŨҵĺڰصļѹ
ھ͹Թӭɣ
ʧ߿͸ڰ˷صδ䣬ܵĺڰȻ٣˲ӿ
ã
ɫ䣬⴦ԨУ޴ӡֻһɲǣڰð̵ḷ́
ڷԼĴУԨȫͬ塣
ɹˣ
صرɿĵط壬̾״ͷ۾սһ˿ľУѵһս


981 գ
ڴʳ۹ݣо޾Ÿûб˱ƵôǱļΪľҲ
һڻ˾š
Ԩ硱κ˶ԵֵģǶǴʳ˾УܣҪ˵ˡƵͽҲעֻܱԼͬӴ˳ΪԼĿܣ׷Լԡ
һ̣һҵĲͻȻʶһ˴
¡
һɲǣʶУһҵĻͬȼյĽɫ̫һ㣬ͻȻ֮䱬ͻȻֵĽɫ̫ޱ޼ʵ˷еĸʴԵĺڰȫ˿
̣
Уǿҵĸʴͬˮѩ㣬ʱ׷ɢ
ⲻܣ
ɫ䣬꣬ϵѪɫһʵøɸɾֽͬһ㡣޴״ͷˤȥ
ܣôֵܻܹҵԨܣ
硱ÿǿķţ־ᶨĵ۹󽫣СľУҲ׳Ҫ̫ں͵۹󽫵ĶԿУܲˣѾʼõ۹ˡ
һ˾磬һоȫͬ
ģһģһżȻΣһҪ
˫һգ͵һģͻȻȫľȫעˡߡԺ֮Сʩչ磬עľԽ࣬Ԩ硱ȻҲԽǿ󡣵ԵģðķҲԽ
һʧܣпٲʹ
ԣӵоǿ󶥼ţǼеشǿ߶ʹãʹãҲͶеľ
͵꣬ľҲˡ
Ϊ˶Ը壬Ѿȫۣܲˡ
ˣ
һ̣ʶȫصˡԨ硱֮УںڰϢ֪ʲôʱʧˣ֮ģһųҵĽɫ̫̺Ļͣȼš
һڰ磬ڣȴӵһ̫
һУû
ⲻܣû֪̫ܣ㵽ôģ
ҫ۵̫Ȼ֪岻ش𣬵̲סѿ˳߿ԻûʲôǲģΨ̫ھ˵һɣ
֪ľʿʷУйඥߣܹʶݻΨûģ̫ҲģһַԲѣΪû֪̫ģ˰̫һ޴Ļ򣬵һݻľֻһѡ
ǰ֡ագɢġԨ硱Ҫ͸߼йŴľʿģ޷ǰЩʧ̬ˡ
֡աɢޱߵġԨ硱ڷգκһǿľʿ޷ģ̫
̫ܣ
ЦӺȼյ̫д
̫ʲôܣᣬ㣬ӡҫߺպ𣿡
Ϊ˵壬ֻ̫һͨĶˣķӦЩСˡ
ᣬ㣬ӡҫߺպˡ
һãȻ˵ÿһʶһȴȫ֪ʲô˼
Щ֣δκһ顢伮Ǿ˵
ܵĸожĺܣȴȫûа취ա
ҿʲôҫߣȵҰͬ²ҵĿܣеܾΨˣ
˸ݵĹâǰһĳǿʿʶģգôһ᲻ܲȾܣǰֻģûգ衢黹иûдﵽֲֿļֱǧѷĻᣬζܷŹ
¡һ𶯣ɵԨ綼·˹ִ⣬ʴĺڰ޾˷ѹ
Ԩĩգ
ԴġԨ硱ǿĹԨ֮ľ񹥻ǿ򱶲ֹرԸЩǿսʤĵ˵ʽ
Ȼǿ󣬵ԨĩֻԼĵ˲á
ܹģʵġֱ̫֮ϢҪսʤҲֻԨĩˡ
䣡
һɲǼ䣬Ԩ˲̮Ծ˵ٶȼСڵѹҲһɲԼαܵѹȻǧ򱶲ֹ
ľ̮ʱ廯ġ̫ȴ˽Ȼͬı仯ˣܵȻͻȻ⼱ͣգ֮ӴԭİٱǧֹǹյǿҲʼ硣
˷ڶѾǿʮ˸ʴԵĺڰʱȼԾ˵ٶġ
ϸȥͻᷢ徫ݻġ̫Խϸ£Щ̫ı£ġˡˮ顱ɼ£ʮƵϵӿ仯̶ȱ֮ǰ˰ٱֱֹ鲼̫棬ԭֹĺӺҫߣҲʼ˶ϵ
֮ʼ̫ģ̶ֻаٷ֮ʮĻôڣԼľѾݵ˰ٷ֮ʮʮĵزԵģ̫֡ɢҲԽԽӴȫһִݿ֮ƣԿԨ硣
ⲻģ
۾ݶҪҧˣȫ޷ֱ仯ϵĳɳ̫Ѹˣκһʿ϶ֹȻչֳԽɱľԽҡ
ԨĩǲֹͣģһͱȥĻʩԼܵ޴ķɡ
䣬һ̣Ԩ̮ٶȱ֮ǰ죬ѸͣͷųѹҲӴ󣬾һֻεĴְ㣬ļѹ廯վֵֻġ
¡Ԩ̮ʱ廯ٴͣݻϸҲԽԽϸ
ûõģҸЧ
֮дƽޱȡ岢֪ʩչԼǿľѧںĶԿУջԽԽ࣬õľҲǼα
ЩԼһĻҪʮʱ䣬ġֱЩ裬Ѹٰεһߵ衣ĳЩ棬ںľ飬ټԼ۽硢ʶԼĳЩ棬ڵľ裬֮Ҫǿ
еľǻѣжʽٵ˵޺֮ѾӮˣ


982 ս
ˣ
صͫͺ˺ݺһ¡еľǻ󡱣赭дһ仰˾ĺıʣҲжǿߵĹʶ
˵һ£׵һ㣬еģ֮١ңֻܶǴǳİ仰ΪǼٵġΪʲôô˱ͬ²˿ܣ
ңǼٵģΪʲô֮ЩǿҲˡ
Զô򵥣ҲԶ˴ǳǾ临ӵö࣡
еľǻ󡱣仰Զǵ˲ƵĵģһֻЩµǿߣ仰ں
ʮǰһС˾ʱһ˵仰ǣ츳ţܹ򣬲ԴԨ硱Ҳûܹﵽ־硣
ţȻܱһߵľ硣
ⲻģܵġҾţ
Ѫ۾͵شһ¡𶯣ɽѵġԨ硱Ҳһ̮˼£ĺѹӡ
ھ޴ѹ£徫ܵӰ죬͵Ŀռ䲻ܵѹΧĿռҲŤյı涼ֳ𶯵ļ
ã
һĻдϲ֪Ԩ硱ڲЧսڣٴֻҪԨĩաܹգӰ죬ôζԼܹˡ
Ȼ˷ܣ׼һӴ̮ӡԨĩաʱһ̣䣬һɫĴìʥâڣ̺ͻȻֻһͶ̮ġԨ硱꣬Ѹٱ鲼ԨһɹϢ͸ѷ˲䴫˽

Ȼһĺһìֹݴľ磬Ҳ״һ˿ϣ
硱Զһľ񹥻Ҫǿö࣬ҪʩչľѧȱѶԷԼġ硱֮УڣԨѣһжѾˡ
һ֣öѡˣ
ƽɲǼ䣬Ԩ硱Ȼ˫˫صԭ֮С
ˣ
ԳϣûھԳë֮Уƽ·Ϥһеܡ־ѶüᶨһԱġ
Ǹýⳡսʱˣ
һ˿⣬֮ǰסʶͱʶ϶ΪһѸٽԳĴԣˮĹһκ֮ǰĹȻͬѸ͡޿ײ룬һһ岻ϵؽʶӾԳԺȥ
Ĺ£ڽڰˣɾ
ܣҾģ
ŭҧгݣʹȫֵȻֵסҽ棬ڽľֻգ֮䣬ԾԳĿƳ̶ȾʹӾų½߳ɣȻѸ½ɣɡҲȻӲȥˣֻһ죬䣬ľڱ峹׵
ȥľûлع鱾壬һΣͻȻ˼ʮ⣬ҡͷ˻Ļɫ桰ȼߡڡۣȼ߻ͷһţһɸߴȵҽ¶һھԳϡ
ģ̫ΣҾԲ㣬һսǲݣ
ţŻɫȼߣһ棬ǵأƺƵžԳȥ
𣡡
ԳϱȼߡĻƤⱻȥðẓ́ǾԳܵ˺ȴԶûеôΪͷĴڣߡķԶԶ󣬼ǡȼߡҲƾͨĻ佫ˡ
۵ѾˣҪٴˣ
Գɺ˫Уһ˿ɭ⣬ͻȻ˫ſ׳Ĵϥ͵һݣʳһ㣬šȼߡ˶ȥ
䣬Գͷ­һ࣬һӿĻ߲ͬʱԳһֱƴصȼߵĲϣֻһҺȼһӴڵʯɰɳȥײڵϡ

˷һƬӰ߰㣬׷ȥرЩɱ¾ͷϵĴʳһ֣̿۲ȫһĻˡȼߡһιԳʱ˻ΪżȻǵԳ˹ȥȼߣ˴ʱȻͲôˡ
ڸʲôΪʲôȼߴˣ
ߣȼȶ֣
Сģǳǹˣ
أԸ˵ģɱģ

ȼߡܿӵһݣ˹ȥſںݺҧھԳұϣͷ޺ܿ˴Щ޳ԼĴʳʿһɫ׷ײź󷽳ȥԭȻУʱһƬҡ
Ȼ֮սŸոտʼ
¡
һһֻ޴ĽͻȻ̤£ʳɫҰףûüܣͱ޴Ľ̤ࡣ
쵰ڸϿľޣ
һŭմ˹ֱȫѹ֥׼᳹׵ĻɱλƵİս񣬵ǱΪҪսġߡȻ̤ԼˣֱˡĴ
һ̣ð˹𾪵鷢ˡ
ܶˣ졭ңҿ֧Ųסˣ
У֣̿ʮ𼱡
ô£
˹ִΪԾһֱȫԸ֥û̫Ķû뵽ᱻ˱Ƶֵز
׷ʲôѵ˵ƾ޵Ĳ
ذ˹ĳԾˡ
ǡǸƵСӣ޾ˣܶ˿ҶԸ
͸һľ
ʲô
˹ֻĲš֪Ǹͳ˧ˣսӵй츳û뵽ھȻҲܺһϸ£ҰΪ޾ŵƵֵز
ˣĿɨΧ˹ֺܿע⵽ˡߡϵ塣
䣡
ڰ˹ֹ۲ʱӴľԳ͵һ̤ĴʳС𶯣ֻһĲҽУ԰ټƵĴʳԳӴĽ̤ࡣ
ھԳĶ棬޴ĻɫҲʼжٻ彩Ӳ³Ļ׼ͷҡڲһھԳ࣬һھԳҲ࣬ȫ׼ȷĻнߵľԳڡȼߡ˵
ھ𽥱ӡȼߡ


983 ħۣ֮
ڿҪͬʱסȼߡ͡ߡ
ͷ޲ϵ̤ԸĴʳ˺

˹Ũܵ˫üУ¶һĨŭˣ˹һݣ˦ǰĸ֥žԳϵȥ䣬һһֻ޴ĺɫȭһɫף͵س˹ȥȭδһӴѾŤԳһɫѷ졣
һȭԶԶʥ侳أԶԶһĵ۹󽫣ﵽһֲֿļ𡣵һ̽գһĽ˲䶴˰˹ֵʮħȭ
һȻȲϰ˹֣ȡʱλǡôǰ˹ȭĵطһǧ˲佫˹ֵĹΪΡ
˹֣ǵսûнôҴҵ뵽ȥ
âһ֥һսףبڰ˹ǰ֥ɫ԰ףѪɫϵҲѾ֧飬ĿѪϵش׵ķ϶͸ȻһĿս
ˣ֥ǺЦɱһݴݺ
֥Ϊڵ״赲ס𣿡
˹纮˪иŵŭ
ַ֥սѾǿ֮ĩ˹ֱΪ֥ԼʶȤһߣû뵽ʱݣֱѰ·
ĳţ佫ϧǱ֣ĳ̰ͼݣҲͲǧо˹֮ǡΣĳԲһܶʲôо;ʹɣ
ֳֽ֥΢΢Цţ͸һ־
仰˹ͫһش˸֥һۣͺһʶһ
֥ջ֮ǰĻһֵصĶ֣
˹͸һ˿أȻ󻺻ֱͦӻȡһֻϵͭȭסȭŹϵ֣һͷͷħͼʹҫ۵Ļȭױһֻ˶۾
ħۣ֮
ֻͭȭ׵֡
ڴ磬һźʹƽȻͬķչҲڹǿżķʹƲͬЩֵĹϷȫʳ۹ͳ߹﷢С
˹ֵֻħ֮ȭףһĹУɹ﷢ʹġħ֮ȭֻܹһֻʹ͸˰˹֣һֻ˴ʳ۹Ĵӵ¡
ħ֮ȭ̺ĹǳԽʱģ﷢ټʳ۹Ĺǿߣϣоеܣȫͽ޹ˣȴһȷϵģֻħ֮ȭ׺Ͱ˹ֵʮħ񹦣ศɣܹʵ
д˵ֻħ֮ȭףϹʱʮħеһλġ
˹ȻܾǰѾӵֻħ֮ȭףȴ񶼺ʹùĶ֣˹ҲȭסΪǿѪܶ˹ֻĳЩֵ𾴵ĶʱŻȭףַʽ˽Էʾ⡣
֥񰬲˹ֲİЩѾ־вŻֵġʣ֥ѾѡԼҾַʽʱ䣬ڻˡ
ܰ˹ж⣬ҲԲóѡ
֥Ϊ𾴣һֻȭף˽
˹ϵȭףһ䣬˹ͻȻһ̤Ÿ֥˹ȥͬһʱ䣬һǿͭȭӿ밬˹ڡֻһɲǣλʵͺܸߵĶܶ˲ﵽһӿֲĵز
䣡
һڵȭٶȿóֻһȭͷ˸֥Ľۣ֥͵һѪȫ¼飬͵صɳȥ
ߴˣ
ںʶ潻ֵ壬ԶĶҲɫɫġȼߡ͵ſһ档ֻ治ǳžԳȥǳŰеİ˹֡
ںսУѾϵġȼߡȼߡ»
ܶˣң
ͬһʱ䣬ҲĲҽСȼߡڣĹҲ˼㣬ľѾ֮ǰ֮һˣ廹ڲͣľ͸һݵļơ
䣬ʯ䣬˹ֻףһȭɢˡȼߡƺƴҽ档˹ֵҲ㣬ķչֳܿƵļ󣬴Ӱ͸﷢ʵľޣʧȥƣ̤ԼĲӡ
Ӱи£ǡߡǡȼߡÿһ̤¶ڴʳľУҽ֮ڶĴʳΪ࣬һȫʬûС̶ֻʱڣʳʧѾﵽǧ֮ڣһڼӡ
ֹˣ˹ֵĵǣ⣬Ǿ޾ŵͳ죬ϡٵľǿߣǴʳ۹ʵ۹﷢µĵһ購ڵ۹ڲݼߣλء
޾ԼģҲΪԼų˹֮ǣ£ʲộȻ﷢ŭ˹ΪͳߣضѴ̣
䣡
˹ԽĽڸ֥ĹƶʱҲԽҡ໣Хڰ˹ֵƺһܹı仯ƺƵŰ˹ֵϻ۶
ڰ˹ֵһͷ޴ħţ㣬òªͻȻ֮両ֳ
ϺۼħǸɫľҲԳһصζΧĹ֣ʱʱ֣Գһɻζ
䣬һȭռ䶼ˣֳһ޴İۡ
ˣ
ʯ䣬ǧ˹ֻһȭͱ˹ˡʮħ̺˹ϵ³ǧҲǶ֡۵һѪŰ¡ڵһڵϣˡ
Ӵսϣһ󱯷ߵľһĻĴսʿɫ԰ףҪͣˡ
쵰
˫˲һƬѪ졣֥ͳǧǴߵλͳ˧Ҳ𾴵ˡЩΪҹսر߽ӢۡΣ˾Բ
˹֣Ѱ·
ͻȻһŭ֮ĺ쳹գһ̣¡¡𶯣ԭȼ߾һ𣬻˺ɱľԳȻ¶һڰɭɭתͷŰеİ˹ȥ
Գһݣ磬ڿУһֻ˶ĸȭգ֮٣Ű˹ȥ
һ̾ԳչֳݺȫܱģһߵںϵӴľԳϣʹͬʱӵӴԼ˵似ֱ۷״̬
䣬ԳһȭӴĵز
У˹׼׷ɱǧ͸֥һٽˣоľ磬ǹɿµ˹Ҳɫ΢΢һ䡣Ǻܿ죬˹ɫһ䣬תͷҲ룬һȭ˹ȥ


984 ˹Ī֮ŭ
˹Ī֮ŭ
˹ʩչʮħԴҲܡ˹Ī¡ʮħеһλʮħʮȻǵλߵģ԰˹ĪµݣҲλʮħС
Ѿ˵˹ֻõģһλΪǿħ
𣡡
âһһɲ֮䣬˹ֱϺۼħͻȻҡһ䣬䣬һͷ­ͷ­ֱţͷͷԼͷ­ͷ­ɷֻ۾ȫǱĽɫͫ
䣡
һ̣˹ʮħ˹Īɫ͵һȭ˷޾۶գ֮䣬ɫȭųΪһʮɳĵۣϸݣɲϲųǧɫ׵磬ÿһ׵綼̺ŻԵ
˹ؼʱ״һеƺĵ۹󽫶Ϊ֮Ȼʧɫ¡¡Ӵĵ;Գұصײһһ̣𺳵鷢ˣ˹ֵȻɽͰӴľԳȴһΣ˻ţʧȥƽ⣬ŵһˤ
ôܣ
˹ֵôôǿԳĶ֣
Զ߸ߵϣغͶç֧һĻ̲ס𺳣͸һɼ𾪵ɫֻƾһȭ˹־е۹󽫵Ķ壬غͶç֧Ҳ硣
ܣ쵰ѵһǿ
Ǵ󽫶˼ڿУԶ״İ˹֣ŵΪͻʵ۹Ĵ֮һ˼һԸǻغͶç֧ЩѾõĴ󽫣˼Ҳô߿һ۵ģսҲֻй޲ˣս޲ʤİ󶼻֥ˡ
ǰ˹һȭȭˣǿ˼Ҳ
ˣԶ˼ĸ߰ҲԲһ㡣
ߣҪǿ˾ķϣھһϸ£
˼кݺݵ
𣬾ʱͻȻһһֻ˶ȭŵĹâ֮˼սӴ͵Ĵбɲ˹һȭеĻҿɽ嶼ҿ

˼ɫһ䣬ʩչգеĳꪣ͵ľһ˹ȥ飡޴ͷ𵩾ˣֳȭæ˻ͣ
һȺҲǺ˵ҲԸǵģҺѣѣ
ɱ
Ȼ˼䣬ӦľһŭĴգۼ䣬Զһͷ𵩾ͷһȣ޴ȭ͵ĳŶ˼˹ͷ˺棬һͷͷͷ𵩾˴˷Ŷ˼˹
¼Ӷɵ
һȺȺţΧǰͺ̣ϵŶ˼ȥΧĴ˶ûȥˡ˼һʩչڿдУһ籩ϢƺƵոΧ𵩾˵ע⡣
𵩾˵У˼Ѿ˵һɱֵ֡ʵԽǿ𵩾еĵԽߡ
һȺ쵰
ǰͺˣ˼ζҪըˡԶ̤նҪȥԸ壬ϴʳ˳û˽֪һͷ𵩾˴׹䵽ߣͰ˹Ķ
˼ֻˣϵһͱһһֱڶڱ𵩾˵Χ֮С˼Ѿʹáܿˣ۱ܵ𵩾˽ϵ˹
ڶ˼ȻѾϵսڶûкչ档
ֹˣԶ˼ʲô𵩾ˣóȻսֻѡƫƫͻʡ˹غʹʳ۹ѣ˼ܽǻɱ¶˼ɱ𵩾Խ࣬ĳ޾Խ
һʱ֮䣬˼˽ѹȵľء

Զ˹һʮħȭ˾ԳȫȻ𾪰˹ֵǿʵʱһ̣ХӰһһʮ׳ľ޴һϸһ˴֣¡һصڰ˹ֵϡ
һͻ԰˹ֵʵȫɢͬһڵ㣬һݺݵĻɳȥ
ˣ
սһƬţѻȸرЩʳһſУ۾Ҫ͹ˡͬʳĸܶǵ¶𾪵˵һǳΣֻ˹ֻһ򣬸ûжע⵽Գصһûжע⵽Ǹʲôʱġ
˹ΣһҵĶ֣
žԳסΣɺԶɵİ˹֣͸Ǻĺ⡣ܰ˹жôǿжٵĹϷһͷ޶Կ
ͷԳѾֻǼ򵥵ľˣսϣĿƾߣսʤκһǿС

үң
ͻȻԣһҽԶ޵ĺСŤͷȥֻͷڷеĴƾӡ
ɱ
ո߰æЩˣɵǣ
ɱ˹٣;һö
ϣ˻УǧĴʳھ޺׷ɱһ˫ͨ죬ѪܣЩѪ󲿷ֶԼġѹôãǸ֥Ӳ£ʳʿȻ˸ŷŬȵĴʳС
˹ǰߣʹµĴʳﶼӢ֮أÿʳжһһжѾսôãڿԷйеŭ𣬷ɱ¾ЩĴˡ
Ĳҽһһ˵ѪУʳ䵶̴ؿڣҪʬֱͦͦĵڵϣÿжܵһּµ졣
ҪսӴԺҲǴʳ˵ģ
һʳ˽Ŀ̤һʿϣе䵶һӣʿŹ̵ѪӲгʳ¶ȵ˷ܺͲ̡
Ȼɱ¾еĴʳȴ֪ɱʿһʱΪҲ׼ŭԶ塣
Ѱ·
ݺȭͷзŭ˼㡣Ͱ˹ֵֽʱں海ĿոߺһͷޣϮƵľӣĴʳʿҲ˻٣Щʳˣɱ⡣
һɲǣΧʮɷΧڵգɱŤ


985 תս
ˣ
͵͵Ŀͷ޶ԸˣͻȻоŨҵµɱ⣬һͻȻһɺ⡣ӿʼڣ˴֮սһֱûֹ֪ͣΪʲôһ̵ͻȻܵһη塣
Ȼûףһ̣䣬ӴľХӦʱ䶼ûУͷϵľͱľըɷ顣
ҾŹģ
ҧгݣÿһֶзˣסͷޣ˲䳯ȼڵʶĹǧʶ糱ˮǵأӿȥ

ִСڷŭ֧£ľ֮κʱҪ׺ݣ񲻿ɵɾ£ڽڰˣ˶ɫһɲǣɫ԰ףͻȻִͷĸо
ʱ˿̣ͷĻֻһϣǧĴʳﻹ׷ɱ˵ĴʿȫɱԴһͷϣͷ黹û֪ǿľѾһ
Ҳûע⵽ԭ䵱ȷ棬ϵ׷ɱ̤ʿͷޣһͻȻ֮ͣ
ɱɱɱһ
Ϊ׵Ĵʳ䵶ɫͣĴߴšʼڣѾɱʮˣлٵĴƽ졣ɱ¾Ĵ̼£ԽԽ˷ܣȫͣ

ͻȻһ̵ֻӶߴһɧҡ
Ļ쵰ڸʲôҳȥ
Ϊ׵Ĵʳ첪ȻŭڴʳռϷ磬׷ɱ˵ĺʱ򣬾ȻʱСУҾģֱǸɱǺܿ죬͸оһ˿ԾǴɧҷǵûֹͣԽԽЩ̴ֻеʿͷϷɫ԰ףɫ֣ȫαװġ
ô£
Ϊ׵Ĵʳʶ̧ͷһĴ㵣һ̣һͿһֻ޴ĽС󣬲Ծ˵ٶԼ̤Хеȳζ˲Ũҵ˼㡣
ޣ
Ϊ׵ĴʳͫǾ֣Ȼû׹̤£͸ȳζ䣬粨𶯣Ϊ׵Ĵʳ󷢳һֵĲҽУͬΧһʳ˲仯Ϊ࣬Ѫˮ˳ž޵ĽƱԵ
໣
һ޺𣬵ȵɽͰİ̧ܽ𣬵ľ޴ݿУضǱε׺⣬Ѿȫֱ治˵ݡ
ӣ
ɱʧˣ
սϣһˮ£ԭ˷׷ɱ˵Ĵʳһɫţ˲ʹң˷ȥȻûȵͷɽͰİܣգ֮䣬¡һֻ޴Ľ̤¡
̰֮һͷҲŷ˶Դʳ˵Ľ
ô£
޷ˣȫˣ
սϵľƣͷ޵Ĺ£Ѹٷ˾˵תһ̣ǧĴʳﻹھ˷ܵ׷ɱˣһ̣ʳȴ˾޹Ķ󡣶ֱ仯ʳ˺׼˲Ϣʧء
սϵı仯Զֹˣڿͷ޹ʳ˵ͬʱɵĵطɫȼ֫ſڵϣͻȻһţһҵҽӴ֮ң͵˵һƬĴʳ
Щʳ׼˲Ϣ䱻˴ֻɻҽ
ȼߵĻͬ಻ϣһɽһɣزͣɨ̶ʱڣǧƵĴʳﱻСͷһ𹥻ʳ˲أǧˣһǧˣһǧˣǧˡھ޵Ĺ£ʳ˵˲ﵽһ˵ĵزһڼӡ
һƬңǵҲʱʧˡ
ˣǧˣˡսϴʳ˵ԽԽ
ž
֮У˶͵һƺݺݵһŹǵѵĺϣ޴Ѫһݶ˳
ƾޣû˶𣿵ȵܶ˻Ҫô˶ȫԼ̣
˶ŭ׶Ť
Ϊʳ˶֪˶ٹȣڴʳ۹﷢µľޣȻɱ¾ʳԼɱԼˣֱǳ裡
ˣֻ˿ƣֻǴԸֻ˲ܿƾޡ
սսɫޱȡ
ʲô
˶ɫ𶯣𰸴Ԥϡ飬˶͵س֣һȭߵҷڵأ޴߹Ƕ֪˶ٸ
һȺ

ʳ˴ϵ£ͷ޵ĹһƬҵʱһ࣬ܺеĴʿʱȴǽȻͬķӦ
ЩޡȻڹԼˣ
սϱصʬԼյýڵĴʳˣеĴʿˡ˶ս׼˭Ҳû뵽һ̣Ȼᷢ־˵ı仯
үһǺүǺүЩޣ
һʿͻȻеɫϲޱȡȻ֪׷ʲô˼Ǳܵ뵽塣˵սܹıһУôһ壡
ѾмᶨƵ
ү
ү
ү

ܿ죬̻̲ŶսԳ˵Ĵʿ׷ͣ춯صľĶŰӶСɵì׷׻
ȻûΪʧ
ʱοĪĸˣӭſ磬žԳϣ¼壬ӹһĨۣĻһֽ
ıԣᣡʳ
û˿ԥϵϣıԣټѸٷ
ɱ
̶ʱڣͳĲѸټɡǧĴʿܱǰںѹγμɭУսмܹۡȫܵսһ㣬ҲֻսȺأ鼫ḻϲˡ
ǽңıСϵʵȻ֥֮ͳ飬£ܹĿҲָǧʿսϼʱرǷǿĲУڴʿ񣬶ʱͼӰԭɢҵĴѸγУԭֻܵĹӶҲͣ˽ŲųһУһС
ͻȻı仯пһĻ˶ˡ
˼飡ѾֵܵزȻģʿܹ˸߰ȻʹΪУʲôʱҪСܹģ
߸ߵϣؿԶɭϣѸɼᣬҳŴʳĴƾӣ𺳲ѡ
˹صҲǶĵ۹󽫣ʹƵĵ۹֮³ν֣ǻҲ˵ּĴģսУ˹֮󣬻ܹǰһôУ


986 ʳ
ƲС½ϣܹʹʳ˿Ҳֻˣ
ç֧վһԣ޳е˿ڻء˵սʺѵˮƽ˵Զֻļ𡣶ç֧ųƸԭ֮ӥڵ۹ӵǻıֻϧȻԸͳȴκε۹󽫣й֮޲˹صȴվ޷ʹᲢۡ
ĵ۹ֻ߸ϡǧܹͨͨӵе۹󽫵ʵģѾʮ֮Ѿ˾룬̫ٱԼ˵ģͲ֪ˡ
˵ʵȻûдﵽ۹󽫵ļ𣬵ǱսԣԼͳ˧ȴ۹󽫶Ȳϵڡ
˹ڴʳ۹ڵĵλѾثָּܹƾµʮ˹ֲ֪ʹݻ˶ٹȣɺʷԶ۷ʱʵ˿˹غͻʵǿڣձ˹ݻ١
һ֧ǿľӣǱ֥£ռоƱͬʱӵо޾ţ𵩾ţ֧սǿŵ£ת
ҲֻдƲõ⻹ֻǴ֮һı
ֻҪ룬öç֧зŨҵļɵ
һСΪ
תͷսç֧Ŀܿۼ˾ԳϵǸꡣ˹رлģֻսʤƣлگռϴƬʶԭ
ǾΪǸĳ֣ܣԭߣȻǱıȫû
ǰĿ任Ƽַ̧ջû´
ʱ˿̣սϣվھԳϣͳȫ֣ͷѸȫ֡Щ˹̵ɱﵣʱԸʳ
ڸǸ۵ʱˣ
Ӹ£ȫɫţֻӴܵĴʳɫޱȡ𣬾޺УͷĿ£չһʳŵĴɱ䣬һֻֻ޴ĽƲ̤£ֻ򵥵жóǧĴʳɥս
ȼ߲³Ļ棬ǽԲɷΧڵĴʳ˹֮Сȼգʿڻвϵ£ȼߡĻ棬پ˿е֮󣬸˴ƬʿϢ

ֱĲҽУ쳹˹սһ̣ܵĻ͹ḷ́ʬۻɽƮʬյĻҽһƬս
ʮʳӵʧһ̴ﵽ˾˵ĵز佫ɥڴˣʿսȫˡ
Ķ
˹վڿУŵϱ鲼ʬԼȫ˵Ĵŭۿͨ죬Ѫ˿鲼һ˫ȭҵĲ䣬һΣ˹˲ʧ֮УٳʱѾھԳϿա
ȥɣ
˹ֵ쳹գ޴ͷħ˹Īºͽɫľڹٴγ֣¡û˿ԥ˹һȭһǱĵӸ£˻ţХ֮Գϵ塣
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬Ӱһһ޴ɨһ˹ֺ̺Żĵҳɷ顣ɽͰĺɫԳһݣԳβ˦һ޴ԳۣŰеİ˹ֺݺݵطȥ
һȭֺֿݣɽ嶼ľ˵ĽǶȻĵļ㣬ĹѪܶ˹ҲƤɫ΢䣬һΣٺ󳷣ݱ档
˹֣Ǵ򲻹ҵģⳡսͿصЩɱʿɣ
վھԳϣЦ
˹ֵĹ˿ԤϣԳʥľ顢ʵзḻսڶΪһʱһ̵İ˹ǰѾûκơȫܹԤϵκν
ĳ̶ֳϣڵϱӻҪǿ
ˣһУ㲻̫õģ
˹ɫѿޱȣĻǼ˵ķŭѾϾ˼֥ˣ֮øɵ壬ܻǰľ档
¡˹һеͭȭħ֮ٴαһâɲǼ䣬ܼ˷۶˹ֵıͷ޴ʮħ˹Ī±Խߴˡ
䣡
˹ŭŭۼãٴ籼׳㣬ȥϣգֻЦ£ӴľԳ¶ͬգ˫һ̤˲𹥻
һսѾȫĽࡣǰ˹λѪܶ˶սĿ£ȴݱ˰˹ֺǿ֮ս
Լ⡣
ֵˣ
ԳͰ˹ּսʱ򣬴ʱ˿̣עȴѾеһȻѾɹĽͷϵʶ֪û
˹ֵزô֥࣬ͳǧﶼˣľ޾Ѵ̡ôˣǾԲӻȥһսġ
ˣ
û˿ԥһһ̣һʶ˲͸رŴȥ

ˣˡһҪ㱨˾Ӧǿľߣ
ʱ˿̣һ״ĹޣӶݡڹ޵ͷӣһֳֻڹͷϢڡۡǣƤ͸ѪޱȣϢ쳣΢
ⳡսֹǶľ˺ܴĴ˺ͳͬҲ˺ܴĸ
˵õģȷʵûҲܾǼٵġ仰ô⡣ֻܴǾ񣬵ڣ඼Ѫͣľ·һˡ
ֲ̫ˣⳡսѾҪսʧܣһжǰ˹ֵΣƾȻ־ǿߣģգǲɽܵġֻҪڣǵľ޾Ÿ֮أ
л̻̲
һεĶ֮üֱһµجΣ֮ǰûġڵ̻ɥ֮Ȯֻž롣
붯˾ֻд˾ܶԸ
ڤڤУ˵۹Ĵ˾ԿѪɱ۹˭ֻд˾˿º͵Ϊ֪һУȫǴ˾̵ġ


987 սѪܶ
ʦҽ˾̵ͽԶֹһʳ۹û˲η۹ʵ۹﷢η֡
˼ʱͻȻһ𣬾ͺײһεǽһͻȻͣȻŷӦ˲Ȼŭ
ߣ
߳ȣͬʱγһɫذףݺµιͷԭͷι޲֪ΪʲôͻȻͣܵײǽУʵͷɶڼ˶ͣĽ
Ȼ㵵鷢ˡ
ʱֻҪһȥ״Ĺޱضʹ໽УһΣͷޱ˵ǰˣһ֮ûһ£ͺʯһ
⵽ô£
־ŭопذףȥ״ͷһƶȳɫѪ˳Ȼ״޻һ彩ڵصͺһ߿տǡ
쵰
е㼱ˣвӰΣʱֻҪһĴ©ܾ³
㲻ذ׷ѾˣͷѾҿˡ˵ģӲˣ
ʱһͻȻͷƽƽĶУȴһ㣬ϡ
壡
һ꣬
һɲǣڸһ˿Ŀ־塣
Ȼ־ĻԶֹˡ
ԭֹ״˵ʱͻȻ֮»һӴһڽڶ״ǰķȴΪ־ġĿУȻͷûܣڵλãһ·ȥ
쵰ͣ
׵Ļˣеذײ״ͬһʱ䣬ֳһɾ״Ժͼͨ¿ͷӭȴһľ񹥻䣬ڽӴǣľͱɷ顣
㻹İɣҵǰھһֻϣ㲻κηأ
Į𣬵һȴֱ͸ԺС
ģҾܻģǾ޾ŵͳ˧ǹ﷢صسҾκˣ
ͨ۾ѾЩӽˡ
ЩȥЩɱĴƽʿ˵ɣ
иɱľ˳ü룬Ѹٿʼ塣
Ҳģ
ʹĹǰȫֵסҧݣͣţ䣬˵ľͣײҲ֪ϵԼ鼱֮£ҲȳȫǱǳɰǧξͻĽȫʧܸաԶеҪµĶ࣬ڡ
ˣ㣬Źңҷ̤һ
ڲôĿľУоһ˿Եɱ⣬ҪɱΪЩĴսʿ
ߣ̫ˣһȰɿܣܾĥʹȥԴΪΪۣԼƵӢǣ
ޱȡľ£ɫ״ﲻϳķ򿿽ͬʱϵĴӵصŵرϸ¡¡ͷСӵءһһռԺеľƾһ
ÿһԺеľῴĶľľţǰһ࣬ȫΪսƷ
忴һªƶӵгɳһҰʳҲ׺ݵһСĿáҹʱһ۵һһɱһڰ쳰ЦСӴ̤Ȼͬġһ
һλصĺһ֮Уϰ־ŵḶ́ľŷϵӿԺΪԼĶ
岢ǴľߣҲûϵͳۣһȻųԤϵĹϾ񴫳С֪ЩڳΪϣΪУֲھǷȱ
˵ʼ廹ھвȫƾԼںڰδ֪ôĳۺ;飬ѸٵĳɳΪһľǿߡ
ҲΪʲôûֱӸɵǿµ״һԼǰԭ
֪ͷĵֿҲԽļңĵľ޾ŵܣҲʼûеõ֮⣬廹ԸоԺƺһܡ
ûа취֪ʲôǴķӦЩܼ俴أ˾޾ŵܡ
ʲôܣ
ƺƣվھ޼ϣĿޱȡ䣬ͻȻһһͷ޴ĵζ״ҳ¡ڵ󷽣һӰڰУɫ졣
˹壬ĿбŨҵɱ
Ȼһ̣ӿһ޴Գӹգ˹һȭҳɷ顣
𣡡
ԳްĿϢս˻ֵӴܡԳһȭ䱬˹ֵĵһɨһ޴Ű˹ֵıɨ˹ȥ
ĶȿӴȫȡ
պѪܶ˹֣ȻƵһͷԳǰȫ޷Խ׳һ
쵰ҵҪֵܼ˶ã
Ϊʳ۹ĶܶӺɺͳߣ˹־Բֳסˣôʱ䣬еĹȫһͷԳ£ʼûа취ǸƵ꣬˹ֵҲ̲סһ˿ŭ
ð˹нƵǣͷɽͰľޣϳǧĴսʿֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ʳѾھԵƣڵĴʳɾ˲أڰ˹ֶܶУǴδйĴܡ
ǵ£
ǰްġߡ˹кһͻȻе
Ȼ˹ֵոһ䣬䣬Գһ͸ŽĹͬһ㳯ɺ룬ϸȥȻܹһöͭɫƹŻ
֮Ǵʳ۹һöʮϧĹϷǵھ˱֮ͨ˹ֽԣŻ˹﷢ʹͣõöϵķǴʳ۹ڶ֮һ
ǿö֮ǵ²ܹﵽ۹󽫵ļ𣬲Һͳǧﻯ̫һϸ£ν̫ѹס
Ͱ˹ֲͬǵµ·ǳΣһںڰǱһǵµĹûκεףҲûκεϢ¶ǵע˹ʱǵƵ棬ԥķ𹥻
һѵأ㾡ȫƱؽһնɱ


988 ֮
䣡
Ȼǵ±ѣ׼ϰ˹ǰлصʱ򣬻һһű̫Ҫҫ۳ҵĻ棬͵ػǵġ֮ǿֲ˲佫ǵ¸ȫ䱬ӴǵµĴ֮ɳȥ
ȼߣ
ִ٣ǵ»һ±ɫʱܹһڻǵֵ۹󽫼۷һսҲֻȼ߲ˡ

ǵһȼߵλñҪܹȼߵĹȻԤϵж
ǵ£ѵΪù𣿡
һӾԳϴɫϷʣǰ˹ֻǵ£̫͹һǿߵˡսԽκһͷ޵Ұ۲쵽սϵÿһ䣬ǵôԼж˵˿ûô
ǵ£㻹Ǻúúɣ
䣬ХͬɽХһ㣬һֻ޴ƽ˪͵شбɲ˹ǵ͵Ťͷֻŷһǿҵĺһ̣ͱֻһķɣ󣬾˻һͷ״ȻĿԾ˵ٶǵ׷ȥ
Զȼһڻ棬ֹǵºѸٵŤͷ»棬ĹеĴʳˡȼ߻ǿģ³Ļ棬Ƭսġ
ͨͷޣȫסսһܿ쾫ۼ˵µϡڵ·رѾʮɡصǣоľѾﵽͷ
ҪƬ̣ͿȫĿס

壬ڵģ
ص£һĺľڽںˣԽԽ˥Ķ֡ۿžҪ֮ǰľһסˡȻǣھ񹥻ͬʱϵĻľ飬ĹֶԽԽ죬ķţԸ
ҪϣԽԽã
ɫûᣬֻǼӽ˶Ĺ
壬Źҡҿūҿ԰ƾ޾ţ
ϢԽԽŨң̲סٴΰ
ˣ޾ԼͿԿơ
̬ȼӲλ޾ŵͳ˧κεĹϢ
Ϊ˾޾ŵƲǣֻңֻҲһֱǣҲˣŹңֻҪһʲô㣡
Ļһ漴
ˡȵҿ㣬ʲô֪ܶˡ
޼ı⡣
㲻ֻģİڻûȫգԱʲôҲò
̼
ţ
üͷ΢壬ԷŻ˹ơ
ԣԣŹңֻҪŹңʲôԸ㣡ô鷳ʲôԸ㡣
ϸоһ˿ϣһҪˣץס˾ݣ
ĬȻȫĻȴҲòǵԱĿܡ
壬ǴӢۣǴƵͳ˧ֻǴʳ۹һūͶѣĬĬţ޵λ˹вҪɱҵˣҲŲòֻڱĵһкûһϵֺαغһ΢˼ƽϣŹңĺôԶԶڻӴʳ۹Ū鱨һ룬ʳⳡսѵ㲻뱨𣿡
ੲݣѹ£Ǳͣ˵ţۿƺԼ˵ͷ­ԽԽ̬ͣҲԽԽǫȫû֮ǰһӡ
Ȼ˭Ҳûע⵽ͷʱָ΢΢һ£۽֮УϢӹһĨݵĹâ
ֻһС㿴ҵļ䣬ΣСܾۣûƵңʼգһֱǱ˵ūͣˣΪ˱˵־ڣѵԸһ˼ƽϡոߣɱ
һɲޱȡԶڴ֮ǰâһԭǵ½ֵİܣڴԾʱͻȻ̧һֻ˪ѩľƴɽ壬û˿ףͻȻžԳϵݺ˹ȥ

ΧһƬͻȻıʰ˶ˣܶĴʳܶǵ£¶һ˿𾪵ɫȫ֪ʲôһ࣬ܵľƾԽԽֻҪһӵʥ侳صǿʵڰֲľǰҲֻ·һ
㻹СΪù𣡡
һͻȻվھԳϣɫ䣬˿޶ԡ
¡
˵ʱʱ죬Ĵʿ񲻰һĶᵽɤۣеĴʳʿǵ¶ϣһܹɱʱ򣬹âһֻһ춯صľ죬һ̣һֻ޴ԳƺϵͻȻ͵һᣬסһ
𣡡
Գ͵ŤͷŰŭһɫޱȡ

һĻһ״޵ͷһĴСһκ֮ǰͬһƬңûκεĽҡΪƹĸ֪ư״޵ֻƣ֪˶ľû뵽ȴˡ
ڣӭɣ
һԺһûκεҲûκεԥ¡Ӵľ糱ˮһˢ£ѸٵķһʶڰʱҲϾԼһ˿

ǰһУ͸˵صףսϷܰ˹ֻǵ¶ɫ䡣
㣡壬жˣҪǲúһ죬ΪұģⳡսԶûн
һԹޱȵ£ϾеϢҲ֮糹׵ʧ
Ѱ·
ɫ䣬Ŀû˿
ֻǼӾѡ

쵰Ȼɱ
ͬʱУ˹ֺǵλʳӵ˧ʱķӦȴǽȻͬͷ޴ɱ¾ʳ˵ʱ򣬰˹ֺǵҲֻɫ࣬Ŀ𣬵һ̣λպգƵĴʳͳ˧ȴͻȻ֮ɫޱȲ԰ס
ֻǾ޾ŵͳ˧ǹ﷢ʵ۱µĳ購ܹ﷢ӡһǽŹ﷢˹Զ߻ʵԶ԰˹ֺǵµݣûʸָ
Ҫǣ书ֻһľʿ޸ϵ󣬰˹ֺǵΪͳ˧͸бְ𣬵ڣȻˣ
սϣ˹Ҳĵ﷢ʵ֪Ϣŭ顣


989 ˹֮ף
ʳ۹ȼɭϣ۹Ҫľ޾ŵͳΪԼս°˹ֺųʷǿĶܶҲе
壬Ϊ˸۵ģһɱ㣬Ϊᣡ
˹ֵɫŭޱȡ
˹Ī֮ŭ
˹˲䱬ǿĹıʮħ֮һİ˹Īͷ­Է룬һΪħ֮ļ󣬶˹ֵһɲ˽ӽĳɡ

ͬһʱ䣬ܶǵץסͭɫķ֮͵سžԳϵ˹ȥλĵ۹󽫻ϣǱĽ
䣡
λܶĹ꣬Գ£ǰңǵĹ鲼еĽǶȺͷΧÿһռ䡣
˵Ĺ£ռ䶼ʼѣһڵġŤѷ죬ǰľ޴ʹýµĴض˲һ㣬ѿļ󡣶ǿֶޣλܶȫ£ҲʼվȣִƬ࣬ȫ˵Ĺѹס
ǿֱġ
˹֣ǵ£ûõġ
վھԳϣŷҡҡͷܲһƬ谵̧ͷĿǿ񱩵Ǵ̶ХͬǺ˷˫ɫƽʼ˿Ϊ
ֻͽͣǵĹԳķ޷ͻƣܶκεв
ͬһ齸ʯһ㣬˹ֺǵ²֪һ̣ԵѾһ壬һḻ۷״̬ԭʥһ½һЩתսʮأѪĥĶͳ˧
䣬ǰ˹ֻǵ£˵Ĺû˿Żļ󣬷֮ǰҪҡ
ҵҪֵܼʲôʱ򣡡
˾ΣܸĴۣҶҪɱ㣬Ҿݣ
ǵµɫޱȣȻ˾Գǲǵ»ǰ˹ֶܹоó屾ľ粢ߣֻʥ侳ضѣ۹󽫵ļûﵽ
ͷǿһֱ赲ǣǰ˹֣ܹ׵ǡ
޲ߣܷصôܣվ¶ģʱڣ
ˣ
ǵ¶ģΣܸۣһҪɱʱͻȻ֮䣬һһӴӰͶǵСǵɫһϣʶŤͷͷ­̧𣬾Ϳһ޴Ӱ֪ʲôʱһ˫ɺģ˿ĶԼ
ȼߣ
ǵһ䣬һ۱˳ͷϵľ޲֪ʲôʱһ·ͻȻƽôľ롣ȻǵзĻԶֹˣһͷͷͷߡȼߡոߡʳ۹ͷʱȻȫۼߣֱռݶĸλǵºͰ˹ŰΧм䡣
ǵºͰ˹ȻųƴʳǿڣͷߴʮɣϢ纣ĺľǰʱҲһС
ǲҪսǾɡ
ˣЦһ¡ͬһʱ䣬ߡȼߡոߡͷľͬʱһɲǣӿضͷ޵ĹȻʧɫ
䣡
ֻ޴һһңϣصĻǵ£ݺݵײɳȥͬһʱ䣬һһ̫ҪĿҽ棬ֻͬɽ޴ƣͬصĻѪܶ˹֡
˹Ī֮
˹ֵʵվǵ¸ߣȻûԤϵͷ޻ʱȫۣǰ˹ֻķӦֻƹĺͬһ㣬㼯˰˹ֵǰйӰãһ޴ĽɫħͻȻƾճ֣˹С
˹Ī£Ǵʳ۹񻰴˵Уػصħ֮У岼ֵǵıأЩκĹΪ֮񡣶ΪЩصػħ񣬰˹Ī³֪ʵǿ֮⣬һǿػǰ˹Ī֮
˹ܹôĹȣôĶ󽫽ȴ𣬺һĪĹϵƾһУ۷ʱ򣬰˹ܹͬʱֵ󽫵ֹ
¡¡
ȼߵĻͷ޵ƺͰ˹ֵİ˹Ī֮صײߣ̶ʱڣнıը̺֮ԶֻԵľͷ籩ޱ޼ʣɨս
ϣһصĸǽУŤΣͬ黨һһŷһʱ䣬Զ˹֮Ҳܵ޴ĳǳضص𶯡͵̳
˹ţһֱӰһ顣
У˹һ֮ԿͷޣҲܿ䣬Ǿ޴Ľɫ˹Īֻ֮һɲķѣɷ顣°˹Ī֮ųƲɴݻٵǿݣͷ޵ϹҲ޷ֵס

ͷ޵Ĺ£˹ַţͬһڵ㣬ֱҳǧ֮ࡣһɲǣͺһεţ˹ȻɼȻͣ

һĻԶ˵ĸ֥ǧȫ¶𺳵ɫԳϣԷһе壬Ҳ̲סƤж
˹ֵĹôҲ˵ǽƾչֳǿģһķκз
һ̣ꡱ˵Ŀ⣬˹һ֪ϴսףͻȻ֮ͬľƬѿѺۣԭս˲ѳɳǧƬͬе
˹ɫһݣͷڱɫ
˹֮ף
ڴʳУ˹Ŵء̣Լս˼˹һͷޣ֮У˹Ӵеսɱ¾Ϳ־ΪʳΪӴл˼ǿս
ϲսɱ¾ͳ˧䰮սף
ӵһ𣬱˹֮پٶͳ˧͵۹󽫵ˣʷϣڴ磬˲֪˲ϡս֮һ˹Ҳڶʮǰɺʱһλɺ񻰴˵Ԫ˧Ĺ֮еõġ
˹һֱ䱦ħ֮ͭȭ׻Ҫء
˹֮սϹ޲ˣս޲ʤھҵĴʳ۹ӱΪʳʷǿܶ⸱˹ӹΰ


990 ɱ𵩾ˣ
˹֮׼ޱȣ赲κĹѶԷĹڰ˹ֵ֪УûпԻٻ˹֮׵Ķڣǿı˹֮ͷ޵Ϲ£Ȼ׵ˣ
һɲǣ˹ˣ
˹֣֪ϲսɣսף
һлص忴Զİ˹֣¶һ˿ϷʵЦݡܰ˹жôǿϻ㼯˶ٴʳķƬսϣֻҪͷޣսǿκη޷ġ
һ֮ͬʱԿͷ޵Ĵڣ

δ䣬һ޴ҽ棬ƺƵͬƥһ㳯Ű˹־˹ȥһ̻ᣬƾһֻħ֮ȭ׾͸ҶԿߵİ˹֣һȴˣһԺ֮ȼߵĹ
ߣӵ𣿡
Ц֪˹ѾȫԼĽࡣһͷ޽֣ڵģһͬʱͷ޻߸࣬·һһͷǿſ죬¶һȻ޴ԳۣŰ˹˹ȥոߺһͷҲ˹ȥ
˹Ī֮ŭ
˹ɫһ䣬һʮħȭͬʱ㳯սȥǻû˳ȥ䣬һҽ¶赲ȥ·ȼߵȫһʧȥ˹֮׺°˹Ҳòݱ档
ڲߣôף
ЦָͷѸΧȥ˹ֵʵȻǿȸ֥ҪҲǿþˣⷽ棬Ŀǰûмĵ۹󽫡սͼɣ˹ֲûռκεıˡ
䣡
âһһֻ޴ƳŰ˹ֺݺ˹ȥͬʱһֻ޴ƴӰ˹ֵб˹ʵǿ̤޴Գ̩ɽѹ֮ƳŰ˹ֺݺ£ͷĿ޼䣬һһ糱ˮȫ˴֮
˹ͷ޿籩Ĺұܣɫ࣬ɫԽԽѿȴʼһԲսһ簬˹ҲѾ޻˵ⳡսӴõľ棬ݱ˹Ѵ̡
Ϊ˧֪Ѿ޷Կ壬ǰ˹ֻڼ֣ѰһϣϣܹΪʤıⳡǰδеܡ
Ȼʱ򣬰ͻȻһĲҽӶߴ
ǵ£
˹ɫ΢䣬˲˳һ͵ŤͷֻԶǵֳִ֮ñȼһŨŨǿһУ󣬰˹ֺȻһֻ״Ĺޡ
ĳ
˹ϳֻ״Ĺޡ岻֪ʲôʱͷޣƵǵµΪֻ״޵ͻȻ֣赲ǵµ·ʹȼһڻС
㾡ȫԸʵʹյ֮ǵ¡
׵һ㣬˹һͻȻһ˿ǿҵļɵƵͳ˧˼ܣκһֶҪµöࡣ
ûᣡ
һֱڹ۲Ű˹֣ʹյ֮Ըǵ£Ŀбһֱǰλʳӵͳ˧˹Ťͷǵµʱһ˿ȴõĻᡣ
˹ּĸ֣սͼʵ̫ḻˣͷǿصľޣҪɱҲ£ֻʹϳһ˿пܳû֡
䣡
ڰ˹ַɲǣ˵ľԳܣһͷޣγһΣ˹ְΧм䡣ͷ޴֣˰˹ֵ·
ʱǧѷ꣬Ϊһ̣֪˶ʱ䣬ͷ޵ʵǺƻû£ӴѹѾشĿռըһƬգû˱˹֮׵ķ°˹ֲһҲ˲ɫ
ֻһɲǣλʳѪܶƽһθоŨҵϢ
Ȼһ̣˹ŨܵüͷͻȻһ£ͺʲôһˣûͷ޵Ĺ£˹һβһ㣬͸ͷ֮ķ϶˲˳ȥɱ֡
ǵ£ߣ
˹ȻһȭɽͰӴġȼߡΪǵӮһ˿Ϣ֮ȻѸԶȥȻвʣһΰ˹ֲûټ֡
ʵȻߣʥ侳صļ˹ֿֳǻۺȴð˹ּɵء
ͷзӳֱﵽǷ켫ĵزڴʳлҪǿöܱ֮࣬˴ϣֱԽ
һ࣬ǵȻˣõ˹ֵԮ֣Ҳ˳ѳû˿ԥһΣڰ˹ѸԶȥ
ȻһΣȴû׷ȥ
⵽ôһ£
д˷ͻȻŤͷŽߵİܣüӹһ˿
ոһɲļƻƾͷ޵ԼԼļ㣬˹־㲻ҲҪˣͷ޺Χ׼󹥻ɲǣ״޲֪ΪʲôͻȻ˰ġĵĲʹĺΧһ˿˹־һ˿϶ɹ˳ȥ
Ѿȫͷޣе֫ɡ⡢ƤĤôͻȻ
֪ܵı仯ʲô󡣲룬̧ܿͷǰ
ϣȫٹ
˹ٶȺܿ죬ǵ¶ȥٶҲ˶٣һʱ׷ϣǴʳڵľӾͲһˡҳЩʳľӣ廹һ޴вЩ𵩾ˣ

ȼ̧ͷ͵һҽ棬˰ɿһͷ𵩾ˡ
ֻһĲҽУͷʮ׸ߵ𵩾ȼ
ֻǿһۣĿƿսվھԳļϸȥֻ𵩾˻ţսɱ
𵩾Ȼǿ󣬵ǻ۲ڴʱչ¶šͷޣսĴʳʿھֵĳˣ˹ֺǵ¶òܣݱķâ
Щ𵩾˻Ȼһǰɱ𵩾žȻа˳ϵľ˻ս˿ûȴ˼
ǲ֪ֲð˹ַҪȵͷŷǳ

ǰƾͷӴ𵩾ˣܹԴɾ޴˺ڿͷޣЩ𵩾ѾΪˡ
𵩾˵Ȼǿ󣬵ڹͷֲľǰҲ˲糾һ΢ˡ


991 ͳս

Ӵİ״͵һͻϮ޴ƾӸ£ݺݵһģһͷ𵩾澪ֻ֣ü˫ֵһ£ͱ޴ĵϡá
ͬʱӴľԳ䣬һȭһͬʱʮ׸ߵ𵩾ҳΣɫףԳӴҳ黨ߵ֮ȼߺ޻ҪǿЩ𵩾˾͸ӲǶˡ
ɱ
Ԥϣͬ鱻ɱ𵩾˲ûܣ˫ͨ죬žԳǿҵɱ
ֻΪ׵һͷ𵩾кһɲǼ䣬飬𶯣߰ͷ𵩾ˣʮ׵ʮףһŭХţ˷ηĳԳҵĽ
䣡Щ𵩾˴ȫɫսףץŶƳǹݣӸžԳ˽
мͷ𵩾ŭХţһݣ˾Գ壬ͷ˹ȥǹơȭ꣬ʹھԳϡ
Щ𵩾ӵƥһȭȥɽ嶼ѣѿھԳϣȴȫԳ͵Ƥ
忴һĻֻҡҡͷ䣬Ӱһһֻ޴Գ۴ӿ£˲佫Գһͷ𵩾ĳѪͬٲһ㣬ɫսӿ
䣡
Գȭһȭҳһ߾ɫƣ˻Ÿ߸Ծ𵩾ˣԳȭУ꣬ɲǼѣԳӴͷ𵩾Ѫ顣һͬһƲһڵϡ
䣬ԳĶֿݣߺᵲ߽ߣģʽòֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ͷԳѪաһ˵ڵϣһǰ󻹲ʱ䡣
ԾԳԸЩʵײˡ
ͷһжԭӲһڴƾ𵩾ˣʱʧءʮͷʮͷʮͷһٶʮͷ񿳹вһƬƬ𵩾˲ϵص£ʮ׸ߵľ޴壬Ӷصĵڵϡ
һһ𵩾ˣǰͺ̣ηĳȥһһܲһĵȥڡ
Ӱ
ֻһĴУھѹԵǰҲںˡһͷԭžԳȥ𵩾ˣǰͬʬ壬;ͻȻͣһ˿־ɫȻѸٳԶȥ
еһͷеڶͷͷ
ȻΪ˻ǻۣĲսϵı仯վǻ̵Ҳ֪¡
ɲǼ䣬ɽ֮е𵩾˿ͷŷɥ׷׸Ŵʳ˵ĽŲԶȥ
ʱսѾͷ𵩾ˡ
ɱ
𵩾˵ΣеĴսʿһһγ糱ˮ㣬ԶĴʳɱȥǾ޻ǾˣҲսӦóֵĶ
սʿĶ֣վӦûսʿ
ǲǵս

⵽ʲôľ޾ôᱻЩˣǸ쵰Լأ
ʱŵĪھ˾ŵͳ˧ﲷľһʤսΪֹ֪ôģպյĴܶ˹ֺǵ¶ˡǿ𵩾ţȻڶ̶ʱˣĺѡ
Ͽ뿪ЩԶȴ˵еĻҪǿ󣡲սٲܿҪˣ
ﲷľ̻̲ƴȫǰܣһ̣ǰĳﲷľʱһ
Щ쵰Ȼӵñһ죡
ڼﲷľǰ⣬һ𵩾˫ʹܣӵñȼﲷľҪ졣üﲷľ޲׷ȥһҷڵء
ڼﲷľ׼׷ȥʱͻȻһĸоԺдâһ𶯣գ֮һ̫ҪĿĻǰͻȻı仯ʹüﲷľһݣɵͣ
ȻһлԶûн䣬һ̣ХӴϢ籩һ㣬Ѹ׹£صڼﲷľǰǰͷɽͰӴľԳﲷľ˲ɫ
ߣ
ﲷľûϵͷǿľ޾ȻʱסԼȥ·
˿ߣ㣬ǹԹԸ°ɣ
һӾԳļϴӸ£Ŀǰľͳ˧ɫᣬն
˾ţӴĪλ֮ӽʮ׵ߣھҲǺȺͣĻԶֹˣĿ磬ѸٴӼﲷľͷƵ˲ٵظһֱ䵽־޴ս⻷
ǰͷ֮κξ˶ֻͬΪ֮ţΪϸоһɰģ̺
֮սʱԤϹˣ⻹һһͷ书ľˡڵޱȣȻȼûдﵽ۹󽫼𣬵ǵۡĻʮ׼޷֮ȣ۷ĵ۹󽫶޷֮Ტۡ
Уһģƶֿ⡣
ڴս塢֥ǧﻹϣܴǳʱôܷλ֮뿪
Сӣ㲻Ҫ̫ҪΪҲ֪ڿЩޣȻ򲻹ߣҪԸ㻹ʲô⡣
ﲷľ߼ϵ壬˻
Ŷ
ƤһЩˡλܹ֮һۿĹؼƺеҪһЩ
һͷʹüľˣ˼㻹ǹԹԸ°ɣ
ȻһЦѸָӾԳ䣬Хըһֻ޴ȭѸżﲷľ˹ȥﲷľɫһ䣬ʯ䣬ֻü˫ֽ棬ڳ̬ȫֵߵĹ
ﲷľʵѾ㹻ǿˣǺ;ԳȻЩСĲࡣ飬ֻһ죬ﲷľ磬ɫļ˲飬޴ﲷľͬһڵһõɳȥصڵϣһ޴ĿӶ
ţ
һȭɼﲷľ岻û˿ϲãͣ˽Ųһ˫ü𣬵ͷ˾ԳֱۡոһȭУԳȭеӦǼﲷľţ磬ߵľһȭӦ˼ﲷľ׵߽սǲ֪ΪʲôߵĹһɲǳƫ
⵽ô£
忴ԵľԳֲԾĸоԽԽǿˡ֮ǰͷ޺ΧԸ˹ʱϳֵ©ֵ߳ƫĸоУԴ֮ͷ޵ĿƺԶûǰôʹָˡ


992 䣡
ѵһжĹϵ
֮ǰ˵ĻüͷøˣԼѾȫ֪ںԼľսУѾȫʧܣܻʲôùԼҼͷ޵ĿƽֻûǰˣпǿƵʱ̫ģδؾǳʲô⡣
ͷܿƽĿ⿴ԶϣڱܿҪλ֮ﲷľԶûôء
ĶҪҵᣬĻһ̻˺ɷ飡
ӵﲷľҧгݣߺޱȡ
վھԳϣֻⷬȻһЦʳ֮Щȫö粵ûУֻǾĿżﲷľȻ´
䣡
һڼﲷľݺʱһž޴İӰС󣬴Ӽﲷľݺ𣬾춯صУɽͰ޴İμﲷľ֮˳ջԼơ
ǲ
΢΢һЦžԳܿתǰսȥѶ𵩾Ѿܣ˹ֺǵҲѡȴھֻʣ׷ɱЩʳˡ֮ǰͬһսʳʧļǾǳȴսĺʱ
¡¡ԳοŲѸٵǰȥվھԳϣĿȥټսϣǾŵĴͲҽʮʳﶪжףĳȥǵĺ󷽣еĴƾӼУŴʳɱȥ
ɫĳˮ͵Ĵʳ˾ͳĵ£һΣսϴʳ˵ʬԶԶ˴ơ
ڸǸ۵ʱˣ
ĿԶ¶һ˿ЦݡǺܿ죬һĸоӿҵͻȻӷŵһȳζ忪ʼû⣬Ǻܿ죬ȳζûб䵭ԽԽŨĸоУȳζԴƺԼܽ
δ𣡡
ͻȻһҺӶߴǳϸ΢ּĸȴ죬ҪǣŵȳζͻȻŨֹ
ǡ
ʶ̧ͷһ̣ͻȻһĻޱȵĳ
ھԳԱߣһɹɺɫѪҺϵĵŵȳζǴЩѪҺд֮ǰֻעսǵŤͷĿ⼯еԳϣŻȻ֮䷢֣ЩɫѪҺĵ䣬Գ͸ʹɫ

巴Ӧ֪Ҳо鲻ԾһѸŤͷļͷޣ⣬ͷ޵ϣҲԳʹɫ
ͷȼߣ֮ǰֻע⵽ڴ»棬ֱʱ⵽ĻȻ£ʵѾȫʧȥ׼ͷֻΪûضĿ꣬Կˡ
ֹˣϸȥȼƺ嶼΢΢վһ
һʱɫˣû˿ԥһɾ˲ƿնؿռ䣬һȼߵü
ô
ȼߴеʱԱ򶨡ǿ߿ƾޣͨռԺеҪʵֵģֻҪͲ̫⡣ǵɨȼߵԲͻȻ֣ͷ޴Ļʱ䲻
ĴԺ;صľȻĴ֯ȴȻֳήļһЩطѾ˺ɫĻ
жʱȥ
Ӧõģ
ޱȡʲôϢڻûа취жϣ⵽ֻżȻ󣬻Լ²ˣһѸٵ˳һɾƿնһͷܵڡ
һɨȥƺûпȼصĴήǵľɨλʱжʱȥֻܵڣһѪܷ׷ըѣ״޵Ȼ𣬵ڲһ㡣
ֹˣܴԵλʱȻ뾫صľѾѡ
ôܣ
вѸһͷޡԤϣһͷ޵ĴУͬ⡣һɲǣһֲĸо
ѵЩ޵ĴԲܳܳʱľƣ
ʯ䣬һͷԺзӶ
޵ǳӴ󣬾۹󽫶Ա⣬ǵȴǴԡȻӴ󣬵ͷ޵ĴԣΪǿڣĵĴԺӴȫȣҲԿǵԭ
ֿվд۵ģڻûа취ȷϣִήǲɾɵġ㲻ˣҲȻǧ˿ƵĹϵ
޵սͳμģ˭˾ޣ˭Ϳⳡս
һѵĴҪôͷޣһֱǴήȫһ־Ƿͷ޵ĿƣӻǵһԾ޵ıԣض񹥻ƾӡԶѾߵİ˹ֺǵ¶пץסⲨᣬټѸٷ
һζ幦ܴɡ

ХͷվھԳϣһм
ƾޣ뾡
죬ڽʳ˾õʱ
ͻȻһصӵ洫һƥͷžԳϵУ˻
ǣףף
գգ۾ܿعû˼ȥ֪Լʲôˡ
¡¡𶯣ͷԭͣľޣٴλĴŴʳ˼׷ɱȥ
ġ塢߷ѹ󣬷˹˺ͻ˵Ľȫ׷ɱ
쳹սȻⳡսѾʤǴ޺˹شʼǸ׷ɱʳ˵ʱ򣬱˴ӱϮռ˹֮ǣǾСʧˡ
ǣү
һʮӦӺ󷽴һ̵Уһ㡣ھǿĵˣٶĶ֣˶ɣһܹ׵Ļ֡
Ȼ¶˾ģ岻ԥͷȫǰս涼Ȳͷ޵ٶȡ
̳УһʮɣֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Ѹ׷еĴʳӣ¡¡桢ơȭиֹӡ

ĲҽУĴʳʿˣǧˣˣˡӽʮĴʳһ̿Ҫӽһ룬ֻ󣬶дʳ˵جһ㡣
ÿҪסҵ·
ǽÿ
Ӱ׷ˣ
в˹ˣͻˣʳ˻ˣûκε֮ǰ׷ɱʿʱжô˷ܣʱжôĿ־壬֮ȫûͿԣ֮以̤


993 ޵ȱݣ
ͣ£Ҫң
֮Уһʳ佫ͼԼͣ⻥̤ոշã䣬һֻ޴Ľ̤£ʳ佫ͬΧųеʿһ飬̤ࡣ
ҪˣӰ
һĲҽһѸٵ𣬾ͺϲһ˶ëȻ
ΪʵʵвʹЩµĴʳʿͷƤ飬пֻšǵ¶ļЩ޵ǱЩӵĴʳʿܵùޣ壬򣬾ʳ˵ٶȻԾ˵ٶĲ֫ϱۣأѪˮ罭һڴϱһѰѴʳ䵶һ߾߾սףս
ˣⳡսʳѾˣû˿
߸ߵϣ缤˹ص۹ͳ˧أ˿ڴʳˡ
ݺǿʳ˶ڴƵķâǰˣƾˣҪսʤƿǸӲˡ
Ҫ׼ˣٴȥ˲صĿ¾ˣ
ǰеһ⡣ʳЩޣһͷʧأ˵ͷˡ
ʳ˱Ͼѣڳ֮ǰҪҪһ£ܣ
һ࣬ç֧иӵһ仰ç֧ȴŤͷǰĴޡμƻǴȫ̼ƻ׼ģֻܳд޲
û˵Ŀ⿴ǰɫƽֻһĳۼ趯ǲǻػǶç֧˭Ҳʲô

ͻȻڵ
ʳȷʵˣⳡսԶûô򵥡
һ仰޵Ŀ⿴ԶЩޣͫһ˿Ĺâ

ʱ˿̣˹֮սϣʳ˱ɽ
ϣʱܹܵĳɣҲˣ
аܴĴʳǰ̣ϵ£ȴԶûеô˷ܺϲáʶͷޣܹоڵı仯
ۣ
һɹɻ治³ȼ³ҽ棬Ѿֻûʲô׼ͷôˣǿȺȶҲڴ˥ҲҡҡλΣȻûе£ǿÿһ·ľȫģƺʱᵹ¡
ȼ߲Զĵطͷ״ĿԽԽ񱩣ľſţһһΣȴûһֻ֪ʱڵǳ⣬ྭѾص˺ѣĶԽԽЭҲԽԽʱĵľԶ֮ǰκʱҪӴöࡣ
ڰ״޵Աߣһͷ޵״Ҳòȥ
ÿһ̣Щ޵״Ͷһ֡
¡
֪˶ãֻһ춯صľ죬ȼһͻȻصڵϣʮɵ̳Ȼڵϣ˫գһͻȻı仯ףֻסΧĴʿҲסԶİ˹ֺǵ¡
ȼߣ
ô£
Զʳ۹ͳ˧عͷ˹֮ǵķ򣬹̳еֻɫ޴棬㵡
޵Ŀãƴͷһ·׷ɱ°˹ֺǵٲʣҲֻһ·ˣԽһ·˵ɺȥǿԶͻȻһȼߣ˻࿴һۣӶԷпһ˿Ρ
ˣͷ֮ǰ
ǵŤͷʶ򰬲˹֣ȼߵϢڵµһ̣׵ʧˣһͷ˹սϡǵȫ֪м䷢ʲô˵սһƾһ֮ȼߣɱĻ¾ֻʮħ񹦵İ˹ˡ
ң
˹üͷ塣ǵȻû˵꣬ǰ˹֪Ҫʲôˡ
ȼߵķȻߺλޣҪɱҲô׵¡֮ǰҲһֱںǸƵ󶼻սûʱȥԸ
ǵԣʱסˡ
ǰ˹ֵĻ˭ɱȼߣѲɻδҲ̫ˣ
ȻԶȼߵûӻ˵׷ɱǧĴʳˣƬƬʬ鲼˹ս

֪˶ãͻȻ֮䣬׷ɱʳİ״޶ȻͣĿֻ޴ͻȻ񹥻ܵĵԼ¡¡ľ첻ڶʯõɽֱ̳ʡ

ߣܾ޷ˣԶ㣡
ԭھһ·׷ɱĴʿһ׷ȥͷ״޵񹥻Χˣ˲صľͲǴʳԼˡ˺ܿ췢֣״Ȼ˿񱩣ȴԭأûнһĹ
ڶͷ
Գϣ忴Ű״ʹѡΪƿͷޣһǿǼ̵һͷȼ֮һͷ״̬ˣܵĿǰ֡¡¡𶯣һ춯صľ죬ڿƬ֮Ӵİص£һѪˮһ̣͸ѵƤ͸һ˪ѩƤëȾһƬͨ졣
ŵһȼߺͰ״޵ͷĻ̰״֮һУͷҲˡһֻ̲Զİ˹֡ǵ£ǧĴʳˣԶĻغͶç֧סˡ
ͷӴľ޾޴ɽһѹ˵ͷ֮ǰʩչƵѹжô˹˺ʹʳ˸ܵѹж󡣵˭Ҳû뵽ͷ޽ӶĿʼھȻֻʣһͷˡ
һɲǼ䣬غͶç֧ʶĿǰĴޡ֮ǰ⣬׼ʱǴֹǡڻعͷȻ֮ǰƳһ˿ߡ
ûô֪Ⱦ
޵Ŀ⿴ǰͷҲûءǻغͶç֧е뷨Ѷ죺
ֻǴͷ޵ķӦУ뵽һЩѡʳ˵ľιǵҩһϵǰ顣ûʲôʱ䣬õıԴʳ˵ľһǲȱģȻҲܱô׵Ŀˡ
һ仰ŤͷԳϵ塣
࣬ҪҪǳӺ湥һ˵ܹΪʤܴƣҲð˹ֺʹʳ˶Ĵм
һͻȻԱߴɣҰͻȻڵԱ߲֪վ˶ãޡءç֧˵ÿһ仰ɣҰĬ˺ܾãֱʱſڽԡ
ûôף˹ǰľλͷˡ
ҡҡͷ


994 Ѫܶɻ
ͷлһͷԳţֻҪһͷڣԶ˹ɻԵĴңʤ˸ոսʤʳʿʢʱʱóȻȥǣʲô⡣
壬ϾԼѾʧȥϣһ»صԭ㡣Ϳôˣ
૵Զ֪ʲôʱͣľԳǵӰ޵¶һ˿Цݣ֪Ϊʲôʳ˵һ̣оȻһ˿ɡ
ôվûڴʳ˵
վʵԼĻᣬڱıֻ壡

Զ˹֮ǧɵĵطһս𣬷ƵվھԳϣ´ձˮӿȥĴƾӶȻһεıݣֹͣ׷ɱ
ֻɽнֹһ̣Ƶľչ˸߳ľѵˮƽ

һϡصϤޱȣͻȻһУһƥͷڵϣ͸һ˿ǣ
ͷԳôˣܼ𣿡
һͷһͷĵ£Ȼÿһͷսϵ˫ɾ޴𶯡ϵΪֹ׵ô£ҲûȥѯʣһͷһͷľȻ̫
Уߵܼ֣
嵭
Ȼнǣȴûһı¶޵޷⣬ܾԭʲôѾǼȳɵʵҪǣͷ޵Ѿս΢ı仯
ǰ˹֮ĵƽߴ˵ĴʳѾŲȻɾ긦ȴѾû֮ǰô־ͻˡվھԳϣĿ˹ֺǵ£
ϣͷԳֳܹһ㡭
뵽ŤͷԵľԳԳֻ䶼ԵźɫѪҺĽǶȿȥԳ۽Լ棬źѪȳζǳŨҡ
Գ״̬ǳĺǳأͬһ㣬ϢҲѸٵ˥ߺ΢Ѿڽ߾ȫԳ֯ԳԺľͣǾԳȻǲɱġ
ģֻǽԳһ̣޾ӻ
˹ֲöԸͷޣ˹ֿҸȼԴ֮ġһͷҲǿҪ׼
ǵ
֮ǰ˶԰˹ֿ»һ֪ǵڣѾûв֪ʳ۹Ͱ˹ֵˡ۹ʵԶĻҪǿöࡣ
˹Ϊʳͳ˧绢ǣֻҪһͻ룬Źκһ˿ݻ١ֵĻᡣһûĶ֣Ǵûһ۹λѪܶ˹һӵôǿҵ
ƺΪսڵģ
ϣƺԽ˸Ϊһֱܡ
ףģġ
ϵĻͻȻЦĿԶޱȣͺ񶴴еһС
ʳʧأս±ǻҪöࡣ޾Ѿҿƣ𵩾ҲѾ˹롣ûŵİڵİ˹ǣ̫ơҪǣʳڵʿټֵһս
˵նΪһʥ忴ĶԶһ˶öࡣһսܹ֮ʿһΪսؼľҵҴӾĽǶȣ׸дս
þ޵ʹôʿ䵽ȵصʱۣһ׷ɱʳսǴʳֻͬšη塢ֻҪһͷ޴ڣǵ
£ʿԲĴʳţٷһսԸƣתսΨһܹʲôģҲֻа˹һ˶ѡǣһ˶ԸһţҲֻѡ
οսǰ˹֣ҲģʵΪҲֹۡ

Զİ˹ֺʹʳӵʱ򣬰˹ͬڹͻȻֹͣ׷ɱĴƾӡ
жû˹ִʱ״̬ȷʵֹۡʹáħֹ֮ۡϵͭûдۣһ֮Ӳͷ޵ĹҲûеôɡ
˹ִʱʵѾ۷״̬
˴𣿡
˹ͻȻڣͷҲص
ܶˣѾˡ
󷽣һͻȻصһ䣬һ׳һɽĴʳͽף͵ؽһ糺ۣݵþֻʣ¹ͷĺ˹ȥһߵߺݺݵڵϣ̳
ȿȣ
̳дһԵߴӵͷѪЩߺˣʲô书ҲԶûôǿֻһң˲ǳ
ߴʱȴ覹˼ԼϵƣǰǵΡȻΣĵĻ֣̿˫Ϊȵĺ¶ͺʱſһ
ܡܶˡ
ߵŲͺһ
˹΢΢üܿ覹˼
㣬Щ޵׳ʲôˣãûܵƣΪʲôͻȻ
޾Ǵʳ۹ǿԶԶԽκһ֧ţҲǹ﷢صΪˣ˹ַ˹Թ֮󣬲Ż뵽޾šǾ޾Ǳ˿ƣͻȻεЩϢȥ»۹𵴡
ǰЩ۹ѹֻģٴνҸͶҲпܵġ
شˣޡ޻ΪǵĴԣǵĴԸûôǿ󡣡
֣̿ͷ亹罬ٲһӿֻһĽľȫǺ
ԣʲô˼
˹͵ŤͷԣǵҲһŤͷ˹Ĳ⡣λͳ˧ӣǹεѹʵʣߵʱԽĿ־ˣͷ­
Ҳֻ֪Ǹߵʱһ˵
սս˿
ȻǳӴ󣬵ǵĴȴСǳĴûа취ܾʱ䣬ǿȵĿơԲǷǳҪĻƽþȥЩޡʹһЩֶΣĵþ޵ıȥƻͻ𡣡
ȻӴ󣬵ҲֻǶ¡ֱܲʲô⣬ڹӵأݻ棬ȫûκ⡣ֻҪעⲻҪþ֮俿̫ˡ
ЩͳͳҴ˵ġ
˵һ䣬彩ӲһҶ


995 ȳˣ
˹ֺǵλͳ˧üͷ˵Щǰһֶû˵˭뵽޾Ȼô
˵Ǿʿ׾ܿƾޣҲΪȵľƲ𣿡
˹ʵ
ǸƵ󶼻ȻǸǿߣǰ˹û뵽ġҲΪԭġ
ֹˡ
ϣڰ˹ΪѾ֪һܺʹ𰸵ʱ򣬺ԥţȴ˵һ
ʵʵڴ޵ʱʵѾǵ㡣Ϊ˷ֹľǿ߿ƾ޾ţ˾ھ޵Ժ˽ơеľֻܽˣһ˵ʹ˾ھԺеĽƾͻᱬЩ޾ͻһһû˿ģʱĿǵľޡ
˾
֣ܰ˹ֻǵ£λʳͳ˧ͺһ°㣬͸һ˿ɵηÿ۹һЩǳĴڣ˾Ĵڡ
˹ֻǾȴԵһ֮Уλ˾ٶˣ˹һʱ򣬾֡йһУһ㡣
ڴʳ۹˴˵õŵĴУҲ˵˲֮
֣һȷɵġ˾ڵ۹ڲӵϵȨκܶʹ󽫣ðɵġ
һɲǼ䣬žΧѻȸ
ˣλĻҲѹˡ
һ͵͵ǵͻȻڣȴƽ
š
˹ֵ˵ͷɫһЩȻһսܣԼѴ̡һжһλйأôͻСϺܶࡣҪǣ˾ԤȷôֶΣôⳡսԶûһͿأȻлһǡ
ʮȫ߳ˣ
˹ǰͻȻ
ǵºĴʳ佫һ㵡
ǣˣѵǾôˣ
ǵһʵ
ȼˣոˣһͷҲˣͷֻʣһͷߡֻҪߵ£˾һлǵ±Ϊ˹ٻȴᣬŻû뵽˹ôɴľҪˡ
ⲻǷ顣ʱǷǳͷ𵩾һϣʮǳϻǲϣ춼սˡ
˹ֳбǵ»ҪʣΪͳ˧ڰ˹ֵֵУѹûʧ֡ⳡսѾʧˣв϶Ѿʵ
֮Ǻʹôֻç֮£ҪģǼȡⳡսʧܵľͽѵҵõʱٴη
ɣⳡս̫͹ǸƵ󶼻ˡⳡսãĻԶԶ֥˼ǡıԡʶ˿¶ƽľСʳҪͳһ½˿½ĵˡ
˹ֿǰԳϵ꣬Ŀޱȡ
һɲǣ˹ЩڣͻȻ˵Щ̽ӡɶĵ֮¤һĿꡣֻǵʱ˹־ãֻҪܹݻٸ֥İˡ
¤Ȼ˸֥ռ˰֮Ҳ١ص鱨̽ռеĲǺܳ֡󽫱һ飬û̫⵽
һ˵ⳡսʧܣʵѰ
ţפزΪ˶ԸǡⳡսǾκοɳ֮ٴȥҲû⣬˰ɣ
һ仰˹ִһӣնɡ
¡¡Ű˹ֵʣ½ӽʮĴʳƺƵ̳û˿ԥŴصĸȥ
һǰ˹ǧɵĵطһзĴʿĬĬңһУгһ
ⳡսеڣǴƻǴʳʧأеʿоƣ
ɣ
ĿһԶܿŤͷžԳԶ˹֮ȥ˹ǰʿææµµЩʿ룬ȫԱһսȻƽʤҲ˲ƵĴۡ
ھ޺;˵Ĺ£˵ʿս֪
ˣôˣ
ӾԳһȵڵϣȻֿȺѸߵ˸֥ͳǧǰ
Ǹ֥ǳǧ˵Բֹۣɨһۣϼ¼׾飬ѪܣϢҲޱȣѲ۹󽫵ˮ׼ʥ侳ļά֡

ǧҡҡͷԵĸ֥֮ǵǡ
֮ǰԸ޵ʱѾˣһ֮Ը˹֣ڵƷǳأѾסˣȻֹۣ
˹ֵǿĿãʮħܹԸߣһڳûܹõķ֮ǿܹӲ޵Ĺ֥״̬£Ͱ˹ֶսĴۿ֪
˵û˵ôأһˡ
֥˰֣һĨ΢Ц
壬ļֲס𣿡
ѣ
ҡҡͷ֥ˣĹ۲񣬺Ȼ¶˿оʲô
ѾӳˣЩ޷תģ죬ͷԳ͵ˡ
ڵĴάϵȫԳ£ȻԴɺܴӰ졣Ҫǣ˹־׷Ѿ˻ᣬδض
֥ȻˣĵȻս
лģ
嵭
ҼȻûгɹԺ͸лˡ
ɴ⣬˹ʵ̫ǿˣڵܹ赲ʱ¾ֻпˡ
֥гġ
Ը֥ʵǿԵֵס˹ֵģѾ仯Գƿ¾ûжܹԸˡ
˵ûҺʹ˿¶ûа취ˣһоֻܿ㡣
ǧҲءȻûи֥ôأҲԲֹۣǵµʵͬҪе֮ͭÿײʱܸǧɺܴ˺һս˸ĴԶȱϿҪࡣ
İɣûô⡣
ϣ˵Ļ巴Цɣûеôء
ǧ͸֥סˣȫĻʲô˼


996 վˣ
Ǻǣλֻǵİ˹ֵĻ⣬ΪѾ취ˡ
΢΢Ц
𣬾˵ʱͻȻһ춯ص쳹սҲ˵ע⡣
ˣһɱģɵСˣȻþްңб·ңҵǲʿΪ
ŭ˹Ͽջص
֥ͳǧüͷһѭȥֻһȫؼף߽ӽʮ׵ĳˣţԳһֻץţףС
΢΢һЦ˲ĿͻȻű²ľ֮ﲷľȥλ֮ǰͣ˽Ų
˵ɣ֮ǰʲôԣ
ͷǰľ֮ʱļﲷľͷϽ£һֻһڰա
ˣ
仰ﲷľͫһԭŭϣ¶һ˿ηɫһɲףǰԶҪµöࡣ
ң㲻Ǿ֮㲻ɱҡң﷢һ޶⳥
յ𣿡
̧ͷ΢Ц
һл˵㲻ҡ
ﲷľ֣˵Щʲôһû
컯
ȫ˸ԣȻ̧һֻصİڼﲷľͷϡɲǼ䣬ƵƤһﲷľǰ磬̺Ӵ罭ˮһ㣬׷ӿڡ
ʱŽﲷľڵһһĲҽУﲷľһʱӲһڵϢҲһɲʧӰ١
˼飡벻֮ڵеĻҪöࡣ
建չϲޱȡһջ¾ͷ֮ˣսսҲĲ٣ǵõ֮ǿֲֲĵָ۷״̬һΪҲʥ侳ص״̬һ·ͻͽʥ侳أ׼ļ
ֹˣʵһ·Ȼгʥ侳۷۹󽫣ļ󣬾ͻҲֻһ֮
ֻʣһˣ
³һܿعԶĳǧ͸֥λͳ˧ͱľٶ𾪵ĿɿڴȻһͷ֮ȫһƤɵģֱ˼顣
֮λ˧֮Ҳɵһ˿ССĽ̾
ΪʲôǲҪżˡ
ǧ૵
ĹδĳɾͿ±κһ˻Ҫߵöࡣ˹֣޷Ტۡ
֥̾
Ųʮ꣬ʮ궼ֳɾͣһ˿ԷԼǿȻһ˿֮ģ֥ͳǧȴᣬ˷Եĸе˺οǴ֮Ҳ֮
λˣ鷳ϥ붨һ¡
ʱӿһϤ˶һβǸ֥ǳǧﶼϥ£һͬʱ飬ֻƣϸ޳һһҷֱڳǧ͸֥ĺġ
ɲǼ䣬һӴӿ磬ͬһ㣬ӿڡˣֻһ֮䣬˵ϢˮǴߣԾ˵ٶȼֹˣǰӿڸط޸͸
֪˶ãͷðİɫʧջƣչ
λˣöҩ̷֮󣬵ϢƬ̣ܰǸĻָƣ
һ˵ţһߴӻȡö뵰Сĵҩ˹ȥ
棬֥ͳǧﻺۡһӴϢӿȣ籩һ㣬ٴδϱϢǿ˭Ų֮ǰϻˣ
˲ûнӹҩһ˫ĿѩϸĴǰӣͺһʶһλͳ˧ΪѾ˽ˣÿôʱִµľϲ
ô̵ʱڣȻܹκð˳ϵƣһ飬Ǹ֥ͳǧҲȫ顣
ˣˡúϢ£ͽǰɣ
һߴнӹҩһվڵ
ЦЦһ˿׾ƣȻ˵ͷûټ֡

׼ת뿪ȥϢʱͻȻһ󼱴ҴҵĽŲ͸һֻ̼
λˣ󱻻٣;ȫ˻ٵˡ
ʲô
仰𣬾嶼Ťͷ˹;ӵмҪսԵλܾ޵вڣֻҪ;ڣƾͶеķӵм
˭ָұ֤ʳûֶΡ
;벢ҴģȻɿԴµ;󣬵ʱ;ڣȻԴȶʿҪá
ⳡսôˣ;ǱڼֵԶʵʼֵҪǿöࡣ
𵩾𣿡
ʵ
Ҫٵ;Ҳֻ𵩾˲ʵֻЩɻ𵩾Ӧ֮ǰѾƾˣΪʲôʱ㱨󱻻ٵϢ
ˣǵģٵͻʺǴ󽫶˼
ͷ˵һ˴㵲ѵĻһʱ֮䣬ڣ˶סˡ
黹˵ɣ
ͻȻһϵɻѵʱ֮żֿȺ缱ǵ˹

֮ڴ֮н;󱻻پʱԶһ׳˶Ӱһƥߴԣһ·̳Զ꼲۶ȥ
࣬˼ˡ
Զ߸ߵϣ˫ĿһֱעϵĶ˼ĿŶ˼ƶƶ
ֻٴοͻʵǴ󽫣ǻػǶç֧ĿⶼԵЩ΢Զ³ɣҰֱ׵öࡣȻֻ׼𣬵ɣҰֱǴ󽫵ӰĿе
ߣܸʲôսѾ˹ֶˣ涼ûмѵﶪ׳󣬱Ц𣿡
ɣҰ
ԶغͶç֧ⷬƤһ£˭Ҳû˵ʲô
λǴȥʱ򿶿׳ңһսͿʹʳ˵𵩾˴ûȡ壬˼涼ûչҲѹֻɣҰʵϣɣҰû˵ͽ㲻ˡ
Ҳô˵˼ֻһ㣬ô˵ٵ˴һ;ҲʵٻЩսġ
ç֧룬ǾΪ˼˵仰
ϣç֧˵ã仰һ˵ɣҰǵļˣضƤɫҲЩֵֹġ


997 ˼ʵĿģ
;ǴԸʳ޵ģͷͷʣһͷԳۿҲ˶ˣЩ;Ӣ֮ءܶ˼ٵǲٵսӰѾˡ˼ľٶˣһֻ֪û˵ѡ
ߣʲô;˾ǸСӿͷޣ֪򲻹ԹҵЩӰˡѵ˶ɵӣ𣿡
ɣҰЦ
˹Ȼ̶Ȳʳ۹ǱϾ⺷ЩӢۡһʼɣҰԶ˼Ҳڴ־ٶȴȫ˳в
գԶ̳˼ƺҲԼûˣڰ;һۣûǰ˵λãǳͻ˵Ӫضȥ
һɲǼ䣬߸ߵϣĵģ˭Ҳû˵ôĿǴ󽫶˼ʧͻ˵ӪС
߸ߵѻȸ֪˶ãջĿ⡣˭û˵Ǿç֧øոԼ涼˼˵飬оЩΣ˵ķӦҲͿ֪ˡ
Ǻǣ̫Сƶ˼ˡ
ͻȻһ𣬴΢ڣڵˣͷĳҷУ裬һƮѵĸо
˼ֻͣҲǴ󽫵λˡ
һϯѸ˵ע⣬ءç֧ɣҰΧ׷Ťͷ˹
࣬˼˼ڹ׾
̽ŵ
Ǻǣǲ׾Ŀһ򶼺ȷֻûпˡ
ûлͷ˵˼ȫָơ
࣬ˡֱԣҲʵڿ˼ʲô֮ⳡսӿʼڣһûʲôս
ɣҰɣҰǲŴޣֻǶڶ˼ΪɣҰʵԹͬ
ЦЦȴûз
ΣЩ鲢ֻ棬˼ջʵҪĶࡣѵûȥʱһˣʱȴʲô𣿡
ʲô
һϯ˵˷׷״㵲ѡ
˼жʧˣ׳־ȥĻע⵽ֻѡû̸ʲôջǲǶʲô˻ûȥ⡣
޵һϯҲˣһʱ䣬ڳ˶˼͸˻ɫ
ܿ죬˵ɫͱ΢
˼ʱ򣬡϶һˣ
һ˹ص佫һ˵ҲϾǲǰ£˻¡
ʲô֮𣿡
ɣҰüͷ
ȷһ㣬Ҳףʲô⡣ѵ˼һ˻һоͲһ
˼һʼǳȥģ鵱Ȼûʲô֮أ˼ѹǳȥģǻôΪ𣿡
΢΢һЦ

һʱ䣬˶סˡɣҰ޵һϯ˵ɫ㵣ţһֶ²
˼һʼǳȥģתһȦȴ޹أȻҲԹƲʵĿѹͲأһʼΪ˼Ƿ󵼡ѹû⡣
޸оĶЦ˼ȷʵϸ⵽һЩûע⵽ϸڣҲͻءɣҰһ˼ƭˡ
ֻȻų࣬жܹ۾
Щ飬ֻ˵Ҫôġ
ųգƵʲôˣ¶ķǡʣǻۣȴκ˶Ϊ֮۵ġ
˼ԼʵĿĵˣһܹͻʺٹλãͥ󶼻˼˳ܵˣô˵ôֻ̫ضѡ
ǣ࣬ʲôֵö˼ôȥ°ӣһҪǣ
ͻȻǰһߵ޵ʳ˹ؼһ䡣
Ǵ󽫶˼˵˼ǿ¾ͲЦ˼ˣǶ˼ڿǵЦֻǾҲûŪף˼ôɵΪʲô
ΪʲôܱɱҪģҲֻϵġˡ
ȻһЦ赭дĸ֣һ˶˼Ŀġ
¡һʯ£һʯǧˣд˷һƬκˡ

˭Ҳû뵽˼ĿľȻֻҪ֪ĸֵķ˭֪˼ⷬٶ޿ɺǡ³ͳɣҰסˣ¶˼ɫ
һЦ֪˶Ӧˡ
˼һʼͲǳȥģ֮ǰսʱǶûע⵽𣿵ʩչʱ˼ƽȻͬ˵λͻʵǴ󽫣ȻõϺ٣Ǵвȱ϶ԵóһͬĽۣǾλǴ󽫶ǿżǿҵĿ
󷨵߾磬˼ǻ޷֮ȡܹϤİأҽǻּôڵĶ˼ｫʵǣ֮κʱҪǿöࡣôҪ飬˼ȻطѵûзսȻѾǶ˼صͻʵӪ֮Щͻʵʿû˿ķɣԽľˡ
޵
˳Ŵ޵ĿȥȻ֮ǰʳʹƼսʱܹ⣬Ȼ֮ͻʺʿڶ˼ع֮ȴͻȻԵ÷ণɭϣһ侯衣
ʱĻаʡ
һǴ󽫡Ƕ͹ˣ
ç֧̲סп
˼Ĳ׾ʵǲص̫ˣһ̣ͻȻЩףƵıͥ󶼻˼˳ôˡ˼˱ʵǿͬʱֲʵʵټ٣׽ʵͼôȥԸ
Ǻǣ·񣬲ȻҲͲᱻŪڹ֮䡣
޵Ȼ򵥵һ仰˺Ͷ˼˴򽻵Ĺؼ
˼ǸˣϧսϣԶֹһ֪սܿͼغͶç֧ϤӴ٣ͬʱҲǻۼƭȥҲ
ֻڴ˵ʵڲʲô̫ļ
߰ɣ˼Ѿ֣˳شӴǱ°һҪǱλҲʲôǵû⣬Ҳ÷ˡƸոմʤʿʢʱ˹ֶˣҲίһ£ݱܷâɣͷԳǲֵܺġ
ЦЦһӣ´˳˵
¡¡
Ƭ̳֮˹ȫӪԶȥ̶ʱ䣬ʧڶߵս


998 սನ
ޡѶԸ
ͻ˵Ӫ˼ƿӣ˳һ۴ȥķ򣬶˼һ˿Ĺâ
ˣ֪֪ͨͨңĳССľ𣿡
˼¶һ˿ζЦݡܹ͸·񣬿ʵͼ˲ûУǺһֻһ֮ԵѾϤС
ˣ˹һ
˼
ǴˣӪǸô죿
һ
ϸȥ˵ʱ򣬿Ӫﴫ
һϰɣڿǼֵǣʲô⡣Ψʣ
˼
ǣ
ӪУһݣ˵
¡¡˹ȫӪ뿪ã˼ʣµʿȺԶȥ

˹ǰ֮ĻΧ֥ǧϡ˶ǳĬޡغͶç֧Լ˹رûжֻһûٵĶ˼ȴٵ˴ҪҲһ;
˷ס𵩾ţǵķУ;󣬵ȴûܷס֮ǰһĶ˼ǶＸǧʱҲζ˹ûһ;
𣿡
֥ʶĵһӦ
;֮޵Уġûб;Ϥˡ˵һ޸Ҳֻˡ
ѡ
֮ҡͷɫࣺ
˼Ƕĵ۹󽫣ĳֺ˲ͬһͷҿƻһ;󣬸οһλ۹󽫡Ҳ鿴;󼸺˳ϵ飬аһЩģĲǵѼ죬ģͻ˺ܳʱ䡣еĲ϶ֻмСĸʣǲܽ޸
֥ʱĬˡ
һս;ӹΰ٣˴СϾ˭Ҳ֪ʳûķ
ûϵ齻Ұɡ
嵭˲֪ʳ۹ûȴ֪޾ź𵩾Ѿǿˣ̶ʱʧô󣬴ʳ۹Ѿûٵʲôˡ
ǰϹذɡѼһ;ĲȱһܰɡܲѾҪˡҪǣܹʿң֪;װǴʳ˹Ǳȴ֪ŪһģٶЩá
İ
˹սһͷ޾˵ʵܹԸ޵;ûбҪô
ԣҲô졣
ףĻܹܿһ
֮˵ͷѾ˼
ϴδսʱһѼٵĴƳƭ˹ˣڣȻǹʼʩ
¡¡
ֵʱԶͻȻ죬߸ߵϣһ֧糱Զ˶ȥ
˹ˣ
Ѧǧһϲܲѣѹһɨա
ʳˣ˹˿϶ǿ˹ֳˣҲ⡣
¡¡
˵ʱ򣬽Ŵ󷽣ͻҲʼξˡ
һĻ˶һϲã˺ܶࡣûͻ˺˹˵в˵Ĵͻࡣ
ûô򵥣
ҡҡͷ֧ȥķüͷ˵ʱ塢֥ǧϣ˧Ҳ׷վ
˵ûһս˹˺ͻȷʵӰ죬ǲǴ󽫶˼ǻء޵ˣֻ׷ˡ
֥ҲŵȻ֧ĳ˵Ĵ˺ܶ࣬Ǹ֥ȴʼǡ
סûдܵ˾ͳƲʤԲ˿ĵġ
΢΢ףⷽ͸֥ĿȫͬģΪĴͳ˧źܶĹʶ
ΧĵģһĿ˹˺ͻ˵뿪˭Ҳû˵ֻĿͻ뿪ķƤ΢΢ƺ˼ʲô
壬ôˣ
֥ĲʲôŤͷ
е㲻Ծ
üͷһ仰˵ע⡣
壬ôˣǷʲô𣿡
ǧʵӴʱȻǳǧҲ֪λ󶼻޵ķʸоЩԾһǷʲô
֪
ԶջĿ⣺
Һʹ޲ǵһν֣·Ҳ˽⡣սѾʳѾսܣѡʱˣݱܷâӣԵȴʱȫһ·񡣵ǸǴ󽫡ܸоЩԾ
˼
֥ͳǧ˶͸һ˿ɫ˶û뵽עȻǴ󽫶˼ϡ
ˣ˼ǰйӴ𣿶˽𣿡
⡭ҺͶ˼ͬս֮ûֱ̫ӽӴԲû̫ȥע
֥ü¶ɫ
֪۶˼˺ѶԸܹٹλãҲͨѪֶΣɱһٹλáǸ˵ͻҲǳ
仰üͷԽĽˣеֲԾҲǿҡ
Χĵģ˶壬û˸ʱȥڸ֥ǧϵˣҲΪһϯ¶˼ɫֻһˣʵǺһоʲô
֮ǰ鷳֮ǰ˵ں˵һ顣
ĿӹȺе֮ͻȻڵ
֮ɻ󣬵Ҳҵæ֮ǰ˵ٴ˵һ顣
֮˵ڶʱÿ˶˶ϸţǰ֥ǧڣ˻ûס˼ٻ;£˵ġԾʲôϵ
ΧţжһãȻȴ
ԣ˼йŹ֣
ն
壬Ƿʲôˣ˼ٵ;ʲô𣿡
֥ͳǧæ
;⣬Ƕ˼⡣ˣ̽ǣǾã˼һ˴ӵڶ߸ϹĿĵʲô
ȻΪ˶Ը
ǧҲĿڵǸոҪ˵塱֣һߣ뵽ʲôʱɫһ˵
𣿡
ؿ˳ǧһۣ֪ѾӦ
˼濴ȥǳģǴʼգǸûкչ棬˼йŹ֣Ŀ겻ǣͼı
˼άԽԽҲԽԽһԣ֥Ҳһ¶һ˿ǣ˼ǳǻãǣľͼˡΣյǣսѾ۶˼ĿʲôڶӦѾˡ
Ѧǧᣡٸҵһ飡رǳ󲿶ӣеϸڶҪҷŹ
˵Ŀޱȡ


999 ˼Ұģ
ԶͻʧѦǧǱߵĵҲܿ˽
ү±˲ˣұӪأûҵ
ʲô
仰ɫһ䣬Աߵĸ֥ͳǧҲ˹ɫ֮ǰȫͬȻµĲ˽Ĳ࣬ǳ±ǻ֪ġ£󲿶ӵָӹ٣ָӳ漫ĵáͬǳУнȻͬĲ˵ķҪ
ⳡսȻûһսɱһս൱Ĵʳˡ˹˺ͻ˶УľӹΰǼҪĹؼ
ˣڴ˹Ӱ콫ǳ
ٸһ飡˹أǳûѹСѳ󲿶ӵ˸ҽйг±ߵĽ٣ѵǶ֪±ȥ𣿡
˵
ǣ
Ҳ͸һ˿ŵɫү˶֪±ʧͬСɡ
ܿȥһҲ֮æµ֥ǧоеĲǣҲڲĵȴšܿ죬˽Ϣȴ˶Ըġ
Ѿȷϣ˼ڳ˵ʱһˣ˾ǳ±Ϊ±ڶԸ𵩾˵ʱˣʱڵϣ˱ԼʬһԶ˼뿪ʱ򣬲û̫˵ע⡣
൱ԱƵ˹ڣԼڶرĵط󲿶ӵΪҲѾˣټϴս֮һƬңÿһ˶Թ˲ϾûȥעĶһʱ֮Ȼû˷ֳ±°ߵʵ
Ϣһذըݺݵĵըһʱѹֳأ֮վһԶ¶صɫ
Щף˼ųǴ󽫣ͻʺԱ۹֮һ°߳±ʲô
ǧԣϯԪڵǵõϢŸϹģڳ±ӡĻָӳ󲿶ӣЧոʳ˲Եĳ
Ȼ书ߣչֳǺܶʵߵ佫ĪġֻһЩףǴ°ʲô
ѵ˵˼Ҫӳ±ϻóܣһ֧󲿶𣿡
ϯԪ
ܣ
ϯԪ컰û˵ͱ֮ˣ
һֱǴߵܣҪ쳵ͱӵͼֽⲻ㿴ξܹġӳҲֻһѴ󣬶ҹ𹤽£սʿս¡±Ȼǳ󲻶Եָӹ٣Ҳûгͼֽ˼Ҫͨõܸܡ
ҳҪܸߵĶˮƽҪĶϵⲻͻֲԭ۹ʵֵġõͼֽҲӢ֮أܶκһܳ󣡡
֮ɫնڶ췽棬֮ӵоԵȨǸ֮ǵĽ컹;֮ĵλ죬ǵ֮ĴʦرǸ֮ǣȫ֮ɣǻֺ׳Ľ֮ĵλ˼㣬Ϊ๤ĿһĴڡ
˵ͻʺõͼֽҲ첻һˡ
ûпͻʺʹʳ˺һͼı쳵󣿡
һĽʵͻʡ˹ػдʳˣˣĵͻ˺ʹʳϣͲˡ
ͻʺȷʵ첻ûĶ켼ˮƽǴʳ˲һõͼֽǾпܶ
ܡ
Σûȵ֮ش𣬸֥ȴҡҡͷһ˵
ʳ൱߰ǳͻӴҲһµ£Ǹʱ򣬴ʳ˺ͻ˻ûγˡ⣬˻Ǹոγɣ˴̥֮˻Զû񵽿һ쳵ĵزң԰˹ֵ磬¸ϣģǿ˼ϴʳһǣһųͼֽǾԲܵģٶ˼ôԺͰ˹ûʲôϵ
ͻʺ첻󣬶˼ûʹʳ˺°߳±ʲô
Ѧǧһ仰˵˶Ĭ±󳵲ӵͳ˧˼Ϊ˳Ϊʲô˭Ҳ벻
ˣ˼Ϊ˳Ǿֻʣһˣ
˵ĿУ˵ĸ
˹ǿһǸЧոĳ󲿶ӣһװݵǳ󲿶ӣʣµҲȻˡ
ǣ壬±ǳ󲿶ӵͳ˧𣿶˼ҪֵĻ°ʲô
֥΢΢üͷɻǴ󽫣ݺԭ͸ֵܷͼĴһ̣֥ЩԺˡ
ң˼ҪֵĻֱӶ־ˣ׺ȸֽҲòŰһ°߰ɡ
սǿ󣬸֥Ϊ˧ûע⵽ȸֽܣҲû
ڿϡ
ԣӹһ˿ײĿЦ
µн죬ȫװ׺ȸֽرǽ죬װҪӵľ˼Ϥҵľӹɣ϶ֻע⵽ϵףûע⵽֡԰ѳ±Ҳﲿӵˡڶ˼°Ŀģû⣬Ϊ󡣡
ˣ
ʼʱһĴ㵣ĸ֣˶ɫ䣬Ȼ֮ʲôرǸ֥ͳǧ˵۽ʶԶˣȻҲסĸֵķ
һ˲䣬֥г֥Ķͳ˧ֻҪ˵һ֣Ĳ˵֥Ѿȫס
ЩˡͬСɣʵⳡս֮㲻ᣬҲҪʵġ˼ǱҲѹ֡ݺ£ͻʺǿ֮һٵõܣǻߵ߼𣬿²ڻԺ󣬶ǴƵĴС⣬ҶĲǺ˽⣬мһһ£±󳵲ӵͳ˧飬֪𣿡
֥ɫ
֪
˵ͷ
ҽ󳵲֮ǰʵҲĽ֮һеܣ˵ȫ֪Ҳ֪˳ϡ
壬ͻ۹󷨵ñǻࡣ˼õܣͻʺƹ㣬ӦζʲôҶһ䣬Գ±˽⣬˼Ҫ֪ܣɹ𣿡
֥˵ĺί񣬵ɫȴԽԽأ˼ıСΪͻʺĶ󽫣ݼߵٹ֮һıľһ֧ѾԽ˳±°󳵲ܵӰֲ㼶˴ƺͻʺֵ۹֮սԽļ

峤̾һͷ˶
ڵĵĲǶ˼ܻõ󣬶ò
峤͸һ˿ǡ


1000 ֣
֥ͳǧ漴׹һĬЩѹ֡
±Ѿкܳʱ䣬ϵʱ͸ºպսٵ֮ǵĽ˹ظԭͶç֧棬Լڵ˹֮ս±ھľ壬ҷá
ڵĵĸܻйܣԳ±Ϊܡֻ˵Ҳ˼磬ܻܿɱ
үڸô
һԣѦǧڵһ仰˵˵±ھеԵܺãƽʱŴսϲսսһȾƳ⣬̸ЦǺܺõֵܡڳ±°еĸ֪ܿ
ˣ׼īֽ⣬ҪдŸ˼Դ
ŶĿбĹâ

ʱȥսĽĺؼ佥谵ھ˹֮ʮĵطȺãã纣ĴεšȺ󷽣һ֧޴׽Ǵӭչ˧񣬶˼ͻʴӪ
ⳡսڻһ䣬ͻ˴ӦÿԷʵʵȴȻ෴Ӫ䱸ɭϣһƬš
ô
һɫӪ˼ŤͷһԵҽ
ˣϵƺأ°֮ǰѾˣѽܼѶ˵̱ƹˡ
ݹᾣһϮۣɢһŨҩͻҽڵŤͷһ۵Ƥϵĳ±Ŀ¶ǡѪ߰ߣ飬˲ᡣ
ڵȴ滹ҪصĶࡣȫĳȫѣңλЩһҪοôȫһϡ
㲻ð׷ĻˡȿȣҪ֪ʲôҶǲġ
±Ƥϼ̧һЦֻ˵˼֣ҵĿһѪˮԵʱ򣬲ϵĴнڲ԰׵ϣĿġ
ʧѪ࣬ôġ
ݹ᾵ͻҽʱ򻺻˹ȥһּƽ˵սսʿ飬ҽ˵пֻв˺ͷǲ˶ѣˣҽûκβȫǿһͨˡ
ǺǣΣ̰ô̤ս˼㲻ð׷ĻˣҲκܵģ㻹ǸϿɱҰɡ
±ȻЦ¶һֽ֮ȣȣһԵҽҲ̲סһ˿塣
ߣûôסڵõҪĶ֮ǰѣ
˼Ŀһ䣬ͻȻ߹ȥ͵һץ±Ѿʧȥ֪֣¡һ̣ҫһɰϢƺƵ͵ĳ±塣

±͵شһֱͦǹӴͨ߾塣£±ƣȻһ־˵ٶȻָ֪䣬һȵĽʵʣ·ˮһӪʡ
Ҷ˼ȵˣҪ£˭Ҳֹˣ㻹ǹԹԵİѡ󡯵ܸҰɣ
˼һ㣬Ӫ
ãҹĻ٣˼ڴӪ˳ɫҲ΢΢͸һЩ԰ף˵ȴǳáΪһˣĴĹκһ˿Ǽ䲻ֵģǶ˼ȴΪֵá
УѾһˣϣ˼ͻʺδ޵Ŀܡ
ܹϵõİأȻͻʺƹ㣬δͻʺпܳΪ½ϱȴʳҪǿĴڣϾʳ˵սȻ˫ͻʵսȴԶԶǡ
ССһ˹Ѿ޹ؽҪˣֻҪõǼҽΪͻʺսһȡ֮Ҳȫܡ
˼Ժ뵽ǸɵĴʻ㣬ߣû˵ɹ֮ǰ˼¶κһĶߡ
ХǰӶнҹɫԼ׺ǳ˼ͻȻࡣ

ʱͻȻһ˼˫üһʶŤͷȥֻһͻʵĴɫҴңԼķɸϹ
ʲô´Сֵģ
˼һЩõ
󽫾һƵĳǵ˷֮ȥأȻȴǵԯһϵ
˵ţϽǰϥأһ֧ͬ˫ţ˹ȥ
ʲô
˼üͷһʳָᲦһ£ͻʴֻо˫һɣ֧ϼǷֶ˶˼С
󽫾ӡ
ŷⱳ棬ɫӡϵĸ֣˼ͫһʱɫ
˼ʹҲǵһδ򽻵ˣľǱͥ󶼻˼˳ͼӡ£˼İֻƴ󽫾ͳ˧ʹõӡ¡˹شʹӡµģ壬Ǹ֥
úÿ죡
˼һ𶯡°ӳ±֮Ϊٻмʱʱ䣬û뵽Էôˡ
ЩһﻹǲöԸ
˼һ˿ɵɫܿŷ⡣

ҹĻѾ٣˹ȴǵƻͨ塢ҵƲ졢ӰѦǧԼڲͳͳڣȻǱߵĸ֥ͳǧѡ˻رܣҲɳ˰ϯԪ
֥ͳǧΣ±°һжйأͬⲻǣҲǣǰѵλڳǧϯԪɹҲ֤֥˶Ĺġ
ôϢ𣿡
ŵĳ糾ͣҵӰƲ졢֪˷׷վȻûеļȣҲԱĹ˿ڳκˡ
ү
ŵĳûˣֱߵǰϥ¡
Ѿɹ͵Խͻ˵Ӫڣǵ˰ߡ˺ܾãȴʼûյǵκλš
ʲô
仰˵һӾ
ȷ͵𣿡
ûпǸûע⵽ϵţ
˶ãûпܶ˼ڻţʱȴǡô
һһ鶼ǲѡ
ᡣ
ҡҡͷ
ۿǴԯϰγȡţһ·ɱ˧Ӫ
ˣ
ڵƺЩʲôڿڴˡɲǼһƬž˵Ŀ׷׼еϡ
֪Ǻܹĳ±İΣϣ侲һ㣬Ȼ϶Ѿ͵žһ͵Ƶĳ£ѵһŶͲ𣡡
˵ĿޱȣӴһӶɲǼ䣬˶ɷ׷׵ͷڣҲĳһǸм
Ƶĳģʵ顢ҳ϶ȣʹУģһֲֻ֪Ǿ˵ģңг±İΣŻʧ̬
㣬ͻʵӪؿʲôеһ޾ϸԭԭȫҡ



1001 ͻӪأ
ǣү
ûԼͻӪؿжԭԭȫ˵˳
˵ʱĵģţ޵ķʸʱû˸Ҵš
㣬֮ǰͻʲôӦ֮ͻʲôӦ
ٴε
⡭ҸճֵʱͻʵӪؿǳľ裬ҳӪΧʱ˳ءһжȥӪش̽ʱûʲô𣬲ҰͳԼһʱͻӪͻȻʹϣ̬Ⱥ֮ǰȻͬ
üͷ͵һȴʲôҲû˵
֪ˣȥɡ
ǣү
ܿ˳ȥ֮ǰӵİˣһ˫˫Ŀȫ㼯ϣڴ
үʲô𣿡
ѦǧС
Ѿȷϣ±򻹻ţҾͻ˵Ӫ
Ŀ磬ɨˣ˵ڴѾõĻ

ɲǼ䣬ֻһ󳤳˸߸ģֱһ̲µз˺ܶࡣ
̫ˣ
±û£ǲеĴˣ
ֻҪ취ѳ±ȳˣү˵Ǹô

˿壬һƬܡȻû֪嵽Ǵжϳ±򻹻ţһȻǶжϣ˺ɡ
°ɡ
ſ˫֣ʾ˵Ѿȷϳ±򻹻ţȴԶûôɡ
Զûô򵥣±ȻţǶ˼ڰ˲̸Уû⣬Ӧû취ȡʱ䣬ϣӳ±Ŀʳ𰸡±ڿеĿˡ
˵仰в¶һ˿ǡ
ڣ˸ոջһϲãⷬһˮ£һгսɱˣֶζᡣľҲһ׿̣ʷˣȡϢķ
˼ҪõİأȻڶԳ±̣һ뵽㣬о;
ү֮ǰйҪĻǿϺүһǱͻ˵Ӫأȳ±򡣡
ʱһֱĬĬԹ۵ϯԪͻȻˣһ˵ţһǰ˹
ֻҪõȫпܳɹ֮ΣְؾԲͻ˵
үȥɡҴӦһİհѳ±ȳ
һֱûзҵˣӴ
үң
ң

ҵĻҲӦ׷ӧ
ˣ
ҡҡͷԥľܾ˵飬һ˵ţһŤͷԱߵϯԪ죺
ϯĺˣ黹˴ӳ顣˼ߣȻͼıôã;ȫ׼һءç֧ǻóȻɱȥп˶ԷȦףпŪɳ׾
ү֪Ըˣ˼ʳܣӰ죬ɾͲʮ˾ֲ˵ġ
ϯԪһ岻ƲƣȲƱʱΪͳ˧һЩᡣ
Ǻǣϯˡ
ԤϣϯԪĻЦ
±һҪȵģȴַʽһУҶѾźˡ±Ǳߣһйܵġ˼ԽòԼҪĶԽǲȡжǱȥǿӪȣʱ˼˵ᱻƵһЩΣ±İȫǺǵԸԯˡ

ĻϯԪҲסˣһʱ䲻֪ηӦ
İɣҪ˶ã˼òҪĶܿͻҡ
ʳжָ棬г
ϯԪ죬ֻʣˣʱϯԪǰֵг񣬵ֻԼжôĽ
ҵ׼һ£±Ǳ߲ܵȣټеҳһȥ˼
̧ͷͻȻڵ
ǣү
ҵһ漴ܿͷӦ
¡¡ҹɫڸУƬ֮ᣬǧѸʮͻ˵Ӫضȥ

жϲûд±ڵĴȷʵȻΪ󣬶˼ɱֻҪ˼ʹһЩֶΡ
쵰
ʱ֮󣬶˼֣˦˦ȭͷϵѪڴӪ˳
ΪҲɱٲڣʱɱ㣬°һһʵܡ
˼ջ
Ϊͻʴ󽫣˼жԸ˵ĵˣ˼˳ܣ˵ˡг±ˣѾʹеĿֶΣʼûа취ڣ˳ԼҪܡ
ö˼ջѣһĴܸСһСѣ˼ʵ벻ͨôйͷôӲˣԸ̣ܿҲ˵ܡ
취κãһƶ£ʱҪ𣬼ܿʡ
˼йһݹ᾵ҽǿŭ
ǣˡ
ҽֻǵ˵ţȲͷҲҡͷĬĬӪȥ
˼ɣʩչٴο̣Ҫ˵һ֣ͲˣүĲ£㣬Ҫõܣ룡
ڶ˼ߵʱͻȻһЦӪﴫ˼һ־
ˣ
˼Ŀݣȭͷ죬һĨŨŨɱбţգ˼סˡһ˫ȭ֮ڻɿ
ʱɱ㣡
ôţ˼ܿ뿪
󽫾ˣ
ڶ˼뿪ʱͻȻսգ̳ХûսȣϵʿһѸٵļǰڶ˼ǰ
ǰִɵоڳǵķٶǧҿǴƵһϢǰ飬Ү󽫾ᣡ
ʲô
仰˼رɫǰŸյھŴǰ˼û뵽ķӦȻô졣ҽֻΪһ¶ѣȻô󶯸ɸꡣ
ᣬȫ䱸⣬ټ˸
˼
ɲǼ䣬ͻ˵ӪһƬɭϣһٴС

֮ǰ˶ֻһ֪ڣûв֪֧¾õġ˹˵³ﶼУǵʵͿ֪
˽£Ȼû˵Уѹϣ֧пܾ½ǿ

ХͻӪصǰˣ߸Ʈ׽˧£˼ȫװ¿ƥ˻Ҫߴ˶ͻԡҺ飬һУһУɭϣͻʾ


1002 ֣
սƮ裬ʱ˿̣ǧͻ˼ڣ˵Ŀⶼһҹɫﾲĵģʲôûзһɲҹɫ˶֪ǸҰľͷһ֧պգŷɥĴڳﱼ۶
¡¡Զһ΢΢ͬɸһ㴫ԽԽǿңգ֮䣬һǿҵͬɽХһ㣬Զݹ˼˽µĴض˲
ˣ
һͻʵ佫ͻȻڽе
˵˳˹֮ǵķֻƽߴһɫĸڵķ򣬷۵糸֧ǰˣһ˾޴ĴӭƮ裬һɼǿ𺳡
ƣ
ͻ˲ǵһҲǵһκսڽǰǶֶٻЩӡ˹֮սʶ˴תս֣ɨ˹ֺʳӵĳÿ˶ܵ˷ļɵ𺳡
ĵףĸѾӵ˺ǰȻͬķ
ɳľɳˡjͣҺʱ׼ս
˼ԶͻȻڵ
ǣˣ
˹Ӧرɳľɳˣбһǿҵս⡣
˷ģĩһ߾ȫ
ɳľɳ˵
һսɳľɳ澡ʧȻѾȥɳľɳ˵ȴܴ裬ʱ޿̲һѩǰܡ
ʱȥҲԽԽء˵ĿУǧԾ˵ٶȼٽӽǧɣǧɣǧɣǧɡͣ
֧ңңԣսޱȣͻ˵ӪɫݣһٴУڳ˹̬ǸŵģЩͻʵľ˶ȫעƶ亹
ʶ˴˴ݿ࣬ɨʳ˵ĳÿ˶˹η塣ͻ˵Ķ棬ǧȴҪݵöࡣ
󽫾ҵ鿼ǵˣ
뻹һǧɣŰڲǰżɽϬͬһʿ˺ڰҲĳĬ
ߣ
˼ŭԶ壬һᣬͬǰ
Сӣѹ֪˵ʲôһҵ֪Ȼǲ֪ϴӹһ٣һΣҵҪ˭㣡
˵󣬶˼бһ󲪲ɱ
ʵıһѣħֻ󽫳ھ磬ǾȻֵܹԼ۷󽫵Ĺ˵ȥֱ澡ɫȻǳȥģܹɵ壬˼Ҳ⡣

˼ĻȻһЦû˿η壬̤ǰ߽˼
Ȼˣ󽫾Ϊʲôһأ

˼ͫһȻŭ䣬âһ˻˫ࡰǱʶ˻ύֵʱֻһĿ˼ͻȻһ˲ʩչһУͻȻ֮仯Ϊһɫľ쳤磬塰ײȥ
һɲ˼ϣɫ򣬿ˮʿӴԲʮɷΧڵĿһƬŤֳһͬͨŵԨĺɫѷ졣
ľǣΪ̺Ļ̫£˼һ·֮ͬһεĴ翪ʯм˷俪һİۡ
󽫾
һͻں󷽵ɳľɳ˺ͳjͶһȷӦ˼Ǳ׳磬嵽˵ĴǰǾ춯صһҲǳ˹ȥ
ү
ã
ͬסģ˭Ҳûϵ˼Ȼһַʽѡ
Ȼʱľˡ
΢΢һЦѸٳ֡
¡
ʯ䣬𶯣ƺƣ˵ĿУ˲ħ󣬺Ͷ˼ײһһɲǣ綼·ѿˣ޴ĺóǧͻ˺׷Ŷȥ
ǿҵķɳأֻһߣ廯ħ˫һΣεԭء˼һξ룬ܿסڿС
ž
սһƬš
˵ĶᵽɤۣոһɲǷ̫ˣ˻ûзӦһսͽˡΪһﵽͶ˼ּ𣬶սʿ˵ֻͶ˼˵֪
Сӣ
ӿ˼ںɫľ޴ϣڿУһɱ濴ƽһƬκˡֻԼոշʲô˼ǵĵ۹֮һһӹɵġȻ֮˹ѪܶЩ࣬ǺʣԶԶ塣
Ȼ˼㾡ȫһȻӲûʹκεļɡͬħֻһʱ䣬ȴرȫͬն
׷ʲôСӵʵôڶ̶ʱô࣡
˼ȭͷ죬ôš
ոһȻʩչڿУ˫أԴơʵʱڴﵽ˺ƽƽĵزȴ޿ɵġ
ڶ˼˵Ǿ޷ܵġ
޷Լһ֮Сƽƽ
ô˼һ𣿡
ڶ˼мɵʱȿڡȻԶ˼ĵ۹Ҳ޾ɫһʱһʱ˾֮ﲷľȫ֮ʵѾǵһ˵ĵزĴﵽ׼𣬲Ҿ۹󽫵ļֻһ֮
ڵʵٴʩչħͿ֪
˶Ϊɱ𣡡
˼еĺɫһᣬǿҵɱ糱ˮӿͣŤŷԲʮڵգԶԶȥľѡ
˼֪°ҵˣɣһë֪һʲô
ȴδţŰеĶ˼һƽĿ˵ţȴ͸һŨŨв
κ̸УʵĻʯ
ʼڶ˼лû̸ʸĻһν֮ѾչʾԼʵӵ˺Ͷ˼Ե̸еʸ
Хͻ˻˶ڿԼ˧ÿ˶ףսǺͣȫȡε̸һ̻Ƿƽ˾һ̣пһҵĴս
һƬš
ƣԣ˻Ƿźţʱȫ
ɳľɳͻȻ
š
һ࣬jҲ˵ͷ˵ĿȫԶ˼ơ涼˼ôã˶׶˼ЩϰߣԵķڽ֮ǰЩƣʱ˲ѣضɱԷһֲ
֮оĵģ˼ǰĴ꣬б仯˭Ҳ֪ʲô


1003 ޣȸں
ٺ٣
֪˶ã˼ͻȻЦ͸һݵζ
Сӣ̫ԴˣûҪȷʵƾʲôΪҾһ㣿ǧҪˣǲ̫һЩͲҺ˹ϣЩȫɱ𣿡
һ䣬˼ԭȡŨҵɱһɲǣһأʵʵɱգܵ¶ȶ˲١

˼Ļ岻û˿η壬Ц
˵ޡءç֧ͳˣȵڡûв´ͼıѾǵ˲Ѻ˰ɡҪȻֺαضһ˴Ӫ
ˣ
仰˼ͺһҵزȻֻһ˵ȴǡǡҪ˼Ϊһ֮˽ԼʵĿģȥսıй¶ʶƣ˹Ȼûֱӵ˫ĹϵȴԵúΡ
Ӫʱһ˵⡣
СӡöĿ⡣
˼Ծȭͷһؽ죬жɱģҲԽŨˡ
Ŀ̫ڵҲˡ
Сӣ̫Ըˣ
˼µʲôǾԲϵģ
Һ˹˷ʲôҪˣ˹صλɱˡٺ٣ֻ֪ǧô
ҵӰƲ仰׷ױɫȻս˫Ӳηκˣ˼ءç֧ټϴ࣬λһ֣ҲԵֵ
Ȥ߹Ҳ󽫾˵ûȷʵпܳôֻ֪ǧأ
嵭ȻһЦȻȻ¶һŵζ
ˣ仰˼ɫȻһ䣬һ˫ĿⲻԽ壬ҹĻһֱΪֻǧǰ֥ͳǧҲˣôһнȻͬ
¿ˡ
һ̣Ŀһ˿ļͳЦ˼ͻȻ׹ɲȻŭ
쵰Ϊκβ㲻ǺܿǸŲھɱһ񣡡
ң
ɫһ䣬͵رɫһŨҵɱб㵱Ŷ˼ֶ۹ҲΡ
ϣҲ׷װγ˵׼ǰĶ˼
һСѣҶ˼ɱ˲֪»ûҲɱˣ
˼ЦΪ͵λﵽּ𣬻ûʲôҸɵ£Ҳδزܸᡣ
Ҳץһ˵¡
쵰
ҵӰԪ˷׷ŭһ˫Ŀͨ졣Ҳɱӿ˼֮ⷬǰû뵽ģǺܿ죬侲
ܺã
忴ǰĶ˼Ц
Ѿû̸ıҪˣȻѾˣ˼ɣֻӴԺٵõ˸㣬ĸ֮Ǻ˵ڿʼÿɱһ±򡯣ҾҪͻʴԭһᡣɱҾͻᣡҵߣ
һ䣬׼롣
棬˼ȴ˲ɫͻʺʹƵڱ߾һεĲԭϣŴҲĲţɳ޿ɺҲˣԱںʹƵսУЩ
ΪмԭϼΪĵ°ӣԼˮݷޣͻʺţ򡣲νֹô
˼ʲôĴĽ죬ɱٶˣҲںϾͻʵô˼Բںɳ޿ɺȴܲںϴĻӱöʮսȥףԭɱһȦɳ޿ɺͬˡ
ֹˣγ˹ʹԼ˹һ϶Ըƣкܴһԭɳ޿ɺŭɱ¾Ϊʱ˽ͻʴԭٴɱ¾һΪԭ򣬵ʱȻɳ޿ɺŭǨŭԼ
쵰̫ˣ
˼ŭӿò˵ȷʵѨⳡУûռ˿ˡ
һ£
˼ס壬νɱ±򣬽ֻ˵˵ѣôҪĶôܻ¡ʱͻ𡪡
ޣɣ
ǰո߳ͻȻŲһͣܣ߳
Χĵģ˼ɫһͣԭҪ˵ڵĻ˻ȥ󷽣ɳľɳ˺ͳjͬ󷽳ǧͻսʿһ㵡
ޣ
ʲôʱˣô֪
ң޺˹صľӲǻפں󷽶ʮĵطô
ҹɫŨԶԶȥغһƬֻһЩΡͻӰΪŪ˵ʱһ̣ÿ˶жһϤ
ǺǣȻˣֺαؼأ
һЦͻȻҹɫдǴӶ˼󷢳ǧĺ󷽡δ䣬һӰţƮݳȺӾǧĵط˳һӰְͬһҡ
һһϢ籩Ӱһ˹ص佫ͬ˹һһң֮ƣýضǧ·ټ϶˼ͻʵùһΧȦΧ档
ޣأç֧
ϤӰеͻʿһ㵣˼Ҳ̲ס۽ǳ鶯һ¡
󽫾˵пˣصش˹һ£󽫾ɣ
΢΢Цһ˵ţһڻصǰ
ǰȻᡣ
˼˵ţһӲ
֮ǰʱ鿴ûע⵽е۹󽫼֡ޡغͶç֧ǿ϶ǳ彻֣עеϵʱǱ˹
ʱ򣬶˼ģʾǴˡ
Ǻǣ󽫾
΢΢һЦܿŤͷ塣
ޣȻˣ
һ࣬廯޴ħûȴ޿ڣȵ
Ǻǣҿǵ˺ү졣
΢΢Цţǰȥ¡¡˵ʱԶضɽҡһɹŨҵ̳𣬼ҹĻҲǳۡĿȥֻҹ£Ž𡢺ɫ׵׳Ծ˵ٶȣһ𡢺ɫĺĺ󷽰


1004 Գɨ
³
Щ糱ľͫһ˲˳û뵽޾Ȼʱ򣬽һ֧˳˹˵³ټͻ˵Լĵ۹󽫣ѾԻǧˡ
ʵϣҲԼͼ˵ʱ۹ɵİΧȦڼСͬһʱ䣬ˣӴ˲ƿն塣
ֻһʱҲ΢΢ɫһлԶûнͬһʱ䣬䣬۹󽫼ƿնϡ
˼ʱҲˡ
ȻԸʱ򿴵޺ͻǣǶ˼ǺԥѡǡΪ۹󽫣ԶԴΪأսĿԶǳԽ˵ĶԹ档
Сӣֲñˣ˵̫Ըˣ
˼
˽½ףǴ޵ĳֽһȫҡھҲû취ȥ罫֧׻ɱܹ壬ǾõĽҪȿһ±õöࡣ
һɲǼתֱ£ǧѸһʷǰΣ˷Ͽ۹󽫣ҵƲ졢Ӱ׷ױɫ
һɲǣ˶оһǰδеϢ

ڴ޲ɣϣǧУ׼ֵɲǣͻȻЦɫ˿šһ̬ľٶʱһ㵣޶ʶͣ˽Ų
ޣס𣿡
ޱȣĿ磬δӴޡءç֧ɨһӴϢ糱ˮһ㣬Ȼϱ۹󽫵İΧû˿η壬һ޿ֵӡ
ҹĻУ飬пһⲻһκ彻֣û˱ףǰκζֶҪƻѲÿһǾĵļ㣬ģʵ򲽲ݣʱǡǡҲʧܵʱ
һ㣬֮սʱ򣬴Ѿй̵ĽѵʶģŤͷһķȻҹɫоĵģʲôûС
Ǻǣ壬֪ƻһҵҪôѡ۹󽫻ﾫ㶼ӳȥĿԳ֮ΪƵսˣ֥Ҫʾ·硣
ȻһЦ
һ̣û˿ԥĻش˸ɫ٣ҹζ࣬жֶΣڶǱ޳Īܹĸɵ壬ôһоѾ
ûĴƣȻǸǿĴƣڴ޵Ѿֵôɵˡ
壬ԲˣһıϵĽǣıյĿĻΪʤҵĻӦҲôɡ
Ŵͷ޴ħа
ܴжôźڻ˵ȴԶûôԷΪְڴ޵Ӳɡʯ֮䣬ϣһҫ۵ĽɫâգѸԽޣһݣڿնһǰ㣬ҹɫӴħȥ
ͬʱһɽɫĹâƺƵȻӻصڱͬһʱ䣬˵ĿУλ˹ص۹ϵĴ󽫾Ҳ仯Ѹֻͣգ֮䣬ͻһ޴ĽɫӡǹǿϢ籩һ㣬˵ĸ֪
䣡
ûȵسâһһֻ޴ĽƣȻͻضȻһɾ쵶ݺݵײһ𡣺¡¡һɹɵĽ⣬ҫأﵽ׼ڵҲȫ˽ɫǿҵײ£ҹն·˺ˡ
صĳ־һźţҿⳡλ۹󽫣λ֮ǵıɱ֮֡
䣡
û˿ԥһ࣬ç֧кһͬѸٳ鵶ڻ֮εضͬһȼյǰ㣬Ծ˵ƣȥ
ͬһʱ䣬˼ԥһ£ûе֣ôɱ壬ˣ˼ǵ˾Żغʹç֧ͬʱ˽
¡ֻХʮּƵͻȻը˼ꪺһʩչͬһֻ㣬ȥ
λ۹󽫳֣һɲǣضΪ֮ȻʧɫǿֲƣΪ֮Ȼ
ˣ
ү
ϣҵӰˣһĻʧһ˲԰ޱȡ
棬ɳľɳˣj¶һ˿Цݡ
Ȼķչ˵ԶԶһ
¡
ڶç֧ƿնɲǣ󷽣ֻһ춯صľ죬ѿһֻ޴ĺɫԳ۴ӵƺݺһģͬĲӬһ㣬ѾݳĶç֧ݺݵķɳȥ
𣬾Գغ𺳵ĿУһֻ޴һԾ𣬺Ȼǰ
ֻͻȻֵȻе³ɫ󺧣ͬܵ޴ľһ㣬׷׳˷ɢܡ
棬ǧͻʿڣƺܵ޴ľһ㣬ŷ׷ɢ
ԭѾȥǴ󽫶˼˫ĿԲ·һ㣬ˡ
ߣ
һ̵Ķ˼ͺ񱻾׾סһһƬκˣЩ֪롣û뵽ԳȻһַʽǰԳĹԶԶ۹󽫣ԶԸġ
һͷ޾Ըıսˡ
ö˼޷ǣⳡս֮ǰѾϸ鿴߳ǧ֮⣬ûдͷԳҪ֪סǡ

ƺʲô˼ȭͷŭѡзŭͲʣͷͻȻֵľޣ˼Ҳòѡݱܷâ
ûжç֧ϣƾͻˣʱҪɱ弸ܡþ޸Ϲͻʴʧأͻ˶ѱܿ
¡ԶԳ޴Ľ£̳УֻһĲҽУʮ³ܶͱԳѹ࣬ϵ׶̤һԲε
ˣϽˣ
˼һĻԽС
˼ʲôողǻҪھͼˣ
Ц
¡˵ʱ򣬾Գһȭص£˲Ϣ䣬ѿ粨˰ʮ³ֱӱԳҳ촷ۣԳӴǽΧ³һ߷ݰ˳ȥ
ۣЩ³һڿУſڣһڿѪˡ
³ķȻǿ۹󽫶˵ߣԶԶǶ֡
𣡡
ԳӴһֲܿɱ¾ֻ˲Ϣ䣬ͽе³ɢ׷ɢܡ


1005 ˼Э
ˣˣ
Ƥɫ䣬û֮ǰĴݡһɲ˲ףֱˡһͷôӴľԳصסû뵽ȻǰͷʳľͻӪԶ
Լȫ׼Ŵϵ
ֻŶԸ壬ȴֶΡ
ǴˣȻ־ͲκһĽң
޽ȭͷüǷŭ
жҲ᲻̫һ㣬ǻɱͷռϷ硣ƻõɱ壬Ƕ˹֮ս˹ءͻʺȴܱߵ˵һ޴ĸı䡣
һδľ޴в
ַչ״̬δ˿ֹˣ
ֻǣһʱ֮ġ̰ջǱˣ
еˣ쳷
Ŀ̡̻ԳĹ̫ˣǧ³ǰȫӢ֮ءֹˣһΣ޶ĹΧ֮С
𣬾ĺУһ޴ȭͷСѸٵĳڴ޵ͷݺݵ
࣡
Χ󾪺ҲǶɫһ䡣Ȼǻ۹ˣҲһЩ书ֻǶĲٿԼϸ̶ϳͨˡΪ̶ȣߣ٣ԶûдﵽغͶç֧ĵز
ס֣
һԶԶʯ䣬һֻ䵶֮ݺݵײھԳµȭͷϣǾ޴ɽѵأȻӲĽԳȭ֮࣬ȴԶĶç֧ɫţʱ׳е䵶
Ȼç֧ǵ͹˾Գе¡ֱɲǣâһԳһ۶ȻԾ˵ƳŴڵĵطص¡
ˣ
𶯣̳ʮ֮ߡԳȭĵطѣȥ˺ѷ졣
ϧˣ
Գһȭ䣬Զ廯ħȴ̲ס̾һ˼ءç֧Ա۹Ȼʵǿ󣬵µĴ޲вͺ˵Ĵԣ׼ķʽ˵õ󻯡
һжֺγŴޡ
࣬ô
ͬʱԶɿ֣һϵ̳ǰĴޣ¶һ˿Ľź͹ġոһɲǻظо޵ΣգͻȻ֣ӾԳֵ׾
ظŴ°ϵѾжʮʱ䣬˳Թѣż顣
ĳ̶ֳϣ˵ĹϵѾԽ¼Ĺϵһӵ
û£
ҡҡͷĿԽأԶ塣һɲǣͷ޲ǲԼΣˣֻǴӻسֵһ𣬴޾֪Լȫˡ
ڸĵģ塣
ԳȻ޵Уȴ޵еġءç֧Լ˼Ա󽫵а취ɵ壡
ֻͷֻڴ޵Ժһ£һ̣һȵףʧ
ޡ˼ءҲǵ۹󽫣ȻԶ٣˶ԸһˣҲϺҸ֥Ҳǣ
һͻȻԶʼʱ򣬺֮⣬գ֮䣬Ծ˵ٶȳ˵ĸ֪СŤͷʱǵ籩صӰѾǧˡ
΢ǹ⣬˷ӰԾٶȳΪ׵ˣ¶ķȣԼӴģͬʰϢκοˣ̲סһСηĸо
֥
ǵӰޡء˼ɫ䡣һһͷԳѾǳѶԸټһս֥ǰľ˾ԽĲˡ
̫ǿˣ˹ˣôʵָô죡
˼ɫ䡣
϶͸ɵɫ
ֻӴ޳ֵٶȺϵֻ»ָ߰˰ˣˡսʵӿ£Ҹֻ֥֣ƵĶ⽫ҲԶٲľҪˡ
ߣ
һ˿ԸͷҲ׵ʧˡе˹³Ѹٵĳ롣ֻһ̣һ޴ĽƿնԽؿռ䣬ص䳷˵³ǰ޴۳ɵĽббģĲ˴֮С
𣬶ͬһʱ䣬Գɫ͵һԾݣ¡һ߸Ծ³ܵһ򣬺¡Ǿ޴ȭ䣬ʱʯѣ̳ʮƥǰ˵³ֱӱķѡ
Գû˿ԥܵ³͵Ĺ
ûа»غͶç֧Щ󽫣ԸЩ³Ļȴ´ࡣЩ³ܹܣҲҪСĴۡ

ֻһҽУһµ³Ĳҽţһŵݰ㣬ھԳĹ£ϵı׵Уݽ㵹¡
̶ֻʱ䣬Щ³˶֮ࡣ
ɱ
³ٵΣջֹˣͬʱҵγܵİյһ˿սѸٵټܵ³ȥ
ס֣
ʱһȣ쳹ҹգ˵ע⡣
Сӣ㻹벻ҪǸ±ˣٲס֣ھɱȻٴսһ
˼գ־ŭԳֵ̫ͻȻ֥ˣⳡս˭ʤ˭˵ٲֹͷԳԼľͻʧء
ˣ
ֻ˲䣬ټսԭڷ񹥻˹˺ͻУ·ɱ¾һľԳҲͻȻͣһ˫ɺ۾ԶĶ˼
˼ԡѡ𣿡
嵭
˲Ϣ䣬սһƬţѾȥҵͿӰˣҲȫŤͷעеλ˧ϡ
ޡغͶç֧Ҳ׷˹׼һսֹһսģҲֻж˼еĳ±ˡ
ҿûô˵
˼ͫ͵һ£ܿͻָ糣ô˵棬ǾԲϵġ
ֻһЦؿ˶˼һۡ
壬ڿǧѷĻᣬԳ֪ʲôʱͻɵͻʺ˹صˣھõĻᡣ
һϸţͻȻӶߴǧ͸֥һ𣬴Զңһ³￴ˣĿη壬׷⳷ȥ
˵Ӱ˧֣˲֪˲³Ҳмɵ
ԳѾɱһЩ³Ƕ׼ҪȫǸܡΨһֵܹģҲֻж˼ЩͻˡҪԸͻʵͨʿǷҪԳȾȳ±֮һԽǡ
ݵ


1006 ףһ
ҪԸͻ˺˹ˣǵľʵȷʵһܺõĻᣬǾԳɱֻһʱ죬ǻǳ±ڴӰȴǳ־Եġָ£󲿶ܹɱĵ»ҪԶԶԳ
⡭Ҳã
ǧԥһ£˵ͷ
˼ԸڿԳסˣʱ̣ǽ׵ʱ䣬ѳ±㻹Ļõ󣬵ȹʱ̣һнϣҾܴӦκκйصĽס⣬ʱ±ûлصҵľӪǳױʱ򡣶˼Ϊ˸ٱϵĴۣߣ
һѸŤͷŴݵԶȥһΣǶ˼޻ǻصˣ˭Ҳûأе³ɢȻȻһͨ
һֱŴʧҹĻûж֡
󽫾
ȵ뿪΢΢һЦŤͷ˶Ķ˼
ôһ򵥵Цݣö˼пһͻȻֲĸо
͵͵°ӳ±ŵʵǴ޺ͻصˣҪȻҲòڣôһϷˡֻ㲻㣬ʹ˴򽻵ҶСڴ޲ʶԼ黹Լ뼫䱻״̬
࣡
˼һҲֻӲͷƤǰ
ǺǣҸոպλ󶼻ᵽĸ֡󽫾ֺöҲ֪ͨǣ󽫾ǰǣ˵Һͻ󽫾ııҲ͵ˡ
޳Żءç֧һƣλ۹Լ³һǰȥڶ˼ǰͣ
޵Ļ˼ʱɫһסⷬ˵ú˼ԲˣҲҪֱ
ǡǡǶ˼ڼģͻʺ˹أȻơβͬǲԭȣԷΪҲۡ˼õܹ֮ͻʺظ췭׵ǿһǿĴͻʵ۹ôʣ޺˹Ҳͬ
ǺȻʲô࣡鼴಻˵Ҳ׼һ͸ߴģֻϧСӻ̫թˣ
ȻһԸ⣬˼ҲֻӲͷƤˡ
ˣȻ书΢ıǶ˼Ҳռˡ󱻴޷֣뱻̹һ㡣
󽫾˵ǣϾƻ׷ȷʵôöԸ
΢΢Цһɹ˵ȡ
˼׼ڸǰֶšǲǴ޻Ƕ˼˶Թһ㡣ֻҪ˼Ըһڴ˵Ķνˡ
Ͷ˼һ޺ܿű뿪ˡ
ˣ˵ǸƻԼƻǰʲôȴʱժӡҲ̫ˣ
ȵ޵һߣj̲סһŭ
Щ˹̫ΪԶ𣿡
ɳľɳҲŸ͵һķŭ
Ȼɳľɳ˻Ÿ˵꣬žһصɫ޴ɳľɳһɳľɳһסˡ
˶
˼ɳľɳޱȡ
㲻һ侳ˣ˹˿ЦôԽԽ
ɳľɳͨ죬ţȴֶ˵
˼ȴûɳľɳˣ͵һ˦䣬ѸŴӪȥ

ͬʱͻӪʮĵطޡһȺ³糾ͣŴӪضȥ
˼ܲʰ
;УͻȻ
ĸʲĹˣĽףľǡ
޵Ц
ھԸ⣬Ҳɲˡ
һԣç֧ͻȻڵ
޵ıԴǻۣжɹˣͿԸɵ壬ʧˣҲͬԴӶ˼ȡô˼аٰ㲻Ը⣬Ҳòͬ⡣
һ㣬ç֧ò
ͬСɣ۹Ƴ̶̫һɽݶԶ˼ķ񣬵ʱĻԸ𣿡
ͻȻ뵽ʲôç֧ڵ
һ䣬ͻȻһ޿ϣȻͣͻȻľٶ˴ע⣬ءç֧Լе³ȫͣеĿȫе˴޵ϡ
ǺǣԸԸʱ򲻾֪ˣ
΢΢һЦ漴һԶԾȥ󣬻غͶç֧һۣܿȥ

ʱ֣ȣŴءһ˾޴˹֮Ƕ࣬߸ߵ棬վ£Ǹ֥ǧԼĴƽһŶĴĬĬȴš
ү˼ǻ᲻᲻ˣ
֪˶ãѦǧͻȻڣƳŵ̧ͷĿУ͸һ˿ǡУֻոѾĽӽʱ̣Ѿ˵ģ׵ʱˣǶȴȻ˼ͳ±˵ټ
İɣģ
嵭
ƽѦǧΧĲְеĽҲ˼֡
岢äĿţǶԶ˼ţǾϸ˼Ľͳ±һսôãǳ˽⣬±ҲԲϿڵˡ˼̫̰ˣӳ±òԼҪĶһԼס
쿴
˵ȴʱͻȻ֪˭ָԶһ̣𶯣ɳڵƽߵԶȥֻһ֧ƺƵͬӿĳˮһ㣬ӿ
ͻˣ
ԣ˹ˣ
˿ԶͻȻеԶԶȥֻ̳У˴ӭչ裬һ׽죬һǰڵʥ졣
һӱ˹Լͻ˽սգ˶սϤˡ
ƺƵ˹ص³ﲢŶУϵ˸⡣ھǧĵط˼ʹ޵ͣ˵ĿɨһȦܿԽ꣬˺ͷӴľԳ
ô£ôû
˼һһļɵ
ʳܹͷޣǰͷȫˣֻһͷԳ֪Ϊʲôٳˡս˼ڣûͷĶ֡ڶ˼Ҵ̫ұʱ׼󳷣ⱻͷ͵Ϯ
󽫾߰ɣ
һӶߴЦЦͻȻڵ
˼ԥһ£ȻЩʣڻǵ˵ͷ
ݣ
һȣ˼һͻȻӴӱԶȥ󣬴ޡصҲȥ


1007 ף
үǰѳ±ˣ
ͬʱ߸ߵϣҵҲˡĿһ˶˼Եĳ±ϣȻֽţ۾סҵһϳ˶˼ϵĳ±
ȻһЩƤˣ岢û̫⡣
һԣ֥ĬƬ̣Ҳڵ
Ӷ˼ڴ˼Եĳ±Ը֥Ϊ±Ƿˣһ۱֪
ţ
˵ͷһѸٵǰȥ
߰ɣڸûس±ˣ
£һ̳𣬾ھ˫ӪһǧɵмߣͶ˼ˡһɲǣɱ˵Ŀ׷׼еͶ˼ϣһס˺ҳ
СӣҴˣҪأ
˼ʮ塣ȻϿǶ˼ü͸¶һ˿ڸǲסķͷŭ
Դ°ӳ±ʼ˼뾡һа취ϣܹӳ±ʳİأƾ˼ʹз޷ӳ±ʳõģֻг±ĴЦͼ
Զ˼飬ֱҪ±ǧУйͷ֮ŭǰһʹö˼й˼ɣÿο֮󣬲òѴְ±κƣ
˼˶ʮʱ׷Ѱܣܶ˵ʵ̫Ҫˣڶ˼κβء
үҪµ޹ؽҪξԲóѡ
ʱ򣬳±ͻȻ
۾ϣ龰ǳ±һֱϸš±ô죬ĥΪ˲ö˼óѣӦͶ˼Ľףǰ
ס죡
˼ָһ㣬һ͸˲ס˳±֫Ѩ
壬Ѿ㲻˵ɡ
˼ɱ±ĶˣµľͻȻı⣬ȡס
˼˵ĻȻӦûǵ˵Ļɡ˵꣡ãޣ𣡡

СӣҪ˱˻ԣҸմս¼ʱѾһϢԶˣǺ𵩾սʱģҿûʲôϵҺķ˴ľκˣôҲֵ˵ллɣ
˼
üͷһĿʶӹ±𵩾ŴԶķʽ±ػ;𵩾˹صĿ֪꣬
ֻǿһۣ֪˼û˵ѣɫʱࡣ
ܺã˼˵ڴˣҵ˽ɣ
΢΢һЦͻȻ̽뻳ȡһűѩ㣬ʳжָ֮䣬߸ߵľڰ֮С
һɲǣֳȻһ䣬˼űģ۵ѩ㣬ĿһӱóԶĴޣҲ΢΢̧ͷѩ㣬¶ɫ
Ȼһֱŵ˹ܹõ󣬶˹˵ҲǸԵֵջ
ʱһ˲·ֹôأпͨͨż㣬˲ȫ޿Ľġ
һ࣬±ȻѨ㣬屻ƣȴǲӰģĻ±Ȼ˿ڣȴԲ
˼ֻһΣ㻹û𣿡
еѩ㣬ѵ
һɲǣγѣ˷׷׻عͷ
󣡡
˼һĶһɲǽߣһ̣˼ҲԱƽˣűѩ㣬͸һ˿⶯ɫû˿ԥ˼һʶץϵĳ±
һ£
׼ѳ±򽻳ȥɲǣ˼һĻع
Сӣô֪ҵǲģ
˲̣ԭĿ˲ɢȥһ˫˫Ŀʱ侲
ֶֻһ˲գǼ٣˭Ҳ֪һٵŪ˭Ҳֱ治
˼Ҳɵӣ㲻ܲ
Ǻǡ
΢΢һЦĿлذѩ˻ݲȣƺǰı仯Ԥϡ˼ɣּĵ۹󽫣ôúŪġ
֪˲ôš
ͻȻһףһż˳ȥļӳ£һֽ͸Ҳûʲô
ֻͣХż㻯Ϊһ׹⣬ֱ˼Ŷȥ
˼һɻָһ죬ʶ׹ż㡣
ʲô
˼һɵңޡصҲ׷׿˹
һǰһż㣬û֪«ʲôҩ
żϼĲݡ˼ǧʮ˳صķʽǼ٣֪ܿ
ⷬ˵Ԥϣ˼û뵽ȻһС
࣬ô£
һ࣬ç֧üѹʶ
֪ɡ
޵ҲüͷԤϵЩ룬ھٶҲЩˡ
ǰ˼ȴûô࣬ؿһۣź֡ܿ죬ʮȫװ磬Ӻ󷽱۶
ϰ
˼ֻһۣܿ콫еż㽻һĽ졣
ǣˣ
ʮܿ۳ҶȥһƬչͣʼżϼصķʽѸ
ܾĵģ˵Ŀ׷׾ۼʮϡޡء˼˶ڹעķչֻ忴ԶЦ
ΪµľﲻʵԼԣǰµİμ֮ϣܹʱڣ޶չֳ
ʱһһȥܿ죬ʮϣÿ˵϶һ˿΢ı仯
ˣ׼ˣ
Ľ죬ڶ˼ǰ
˼Ŀ磬ѸٵĴһɨһɲǣĿҲþʼż׹ʱ򣬶˼ô⣬ǿʮϵı仯˼̬Ҳ仯ýŽˡ
ԸоϵϢֽϵݺԱóһЩ
Զ˼۽硢ʶûмʶʲôܹô̵ʱڣ﷢ôı仯
ʼɣ
˼˻ֵһɲǣԼûзоȻ֪һ˿ڴ
¡
һ̣˵ĿУʮＯѸԶȣֻ֮ĽһȣɲǼ䣬ͻڤڤУһǿ֮Ѹٹ᳹գͬʮһ塣ϣʮγһֱָա
¡¡һ̣𶯵鷢ˡֻһգͷϿʮ״һɹںڵϢ˷۹ۼͷϡ
ֻһɲĨʧ٣ڳˣǶ˼Ǵޣͳͳ¶𾪵ɫ

Ȼֻǳļ𣬶ҳֵʱ伫̣ȷʵ˭Ҳû뵽ֻʮͿʩչ


1008 ˼
𺳣
˿һĻ𺳵˵ԭصϢ˲΢޵Ŀⶼ˱仯
˼Σ
ԶջĿ⣬Ŷ˼ȻһЦ
˼һۣͻȻЦ
Сӣ㻹Ȼֶ
˼һͣ˲˺ס±˫۵ĺɫͬʱһģ⿪˷ס±ѨҲſ塣
үɣɽ
۵ɲǣ±ּŭ͵ش¹شʹĥʼղ˵Ƿֹ붼˼С
ܸ˶˼ǰˡ
˼ǾԲóѵģ
ۿŽ׼ɣ±һ˿Ȼɫһ͵ҪҧԼһ̣ûȳ±ҧԾһֻǯƣס˳±򢡣
ǰɱ
һӶߴ˼һЦ±һĶʱȵס
壡ֻҪңҾͰĲ»㣬Σ
˼Ťͷ
ã
嵭ȻһЦڶ˼λǴ󽫵ǰҲѷɫ
Ȱصϰ벿ָ㣬ҵĲ·ˣٰһָ㣡
䣬ȡ֮ǰż㣬һΪһ׹⣬ֱ˶˼ȥ
˼һ죬ʶӹһκ֮ǰͬ˼̯ż㣬ϸؿԼƬ֮󣬶˼ִĽУӹһż㣬Աȣǳϸ
ڶ˼ôʱ˶ŰڴĴ𰸡
ţҶΪʧˣû뵽Ȼܹ˹طõ󷨵ܣ
˼ż㣬д˷
Ϊͻʺ۹֮һ˼۽硢ʶѰܱȵģǻƽˣö˼Ķö˼жѲ̫Ĳ
ǿųɱһӵż㣬˼ȴ̲ס
󣡶˼Ѱ˴뱲Ӷ񣬵ڣԼУֻһ֡
˼۽硢ʶڣϰ벿֣˼ֻһ۾֪ġ
⾳Լ͸¶Ĵº֮ڶ̶ʱھܱġûܹó֣͸¶ľ⾳Գ˼ǻô½ϵκ󷨶޹⡣
Ҫǣе⾳ˮһУ
Ĺһҹ֮ģô˼Ҳ˵ͶأǼٵģҲˡֻ˵˼̫ˣ㱻ƭҲǻã
ֻߣĸ֮ǰ֪˹Ҷ֮ģԺķ˴ʱ䣬ŻѪǰ׼һݡԸ
Ҳδ̫ˣ
СӣҿԸ㡣
˼̧ͷͻȻһЦͬʱ˳ƽż뻳У
ô֪¾ģûжֽţǼٵģǰ
˼δҲ̫ˡϾѾ㣬Ҳ֤ˣˣȴûšô֪᲻ˣ˶ȴˣʧ󣿡
һǧ￴ȥˣ̲ס
һѾչֳ㹻ĳ⣬Ƕ˼Ҫõֱ࣬ǵôߡ
Ǻǣ˼ûȻ֪
ڿˡƽƺ֪˼ôʡ
¾пǼٵģҲпġ˼ԸɣҲ׼˵㡣ѡֹףҵòˣҲò˲աҲѡңðһԣҪҵˣҲпܵõѡɣ
˼ɫһû뵽Ȼô̹Ȼֱ˵¾пǼٵġʼϲĸо֪ηӦ
ڴ֮ǰ˵仰ȻŤͷߣڣʶҲʶкƴ⾳Ӵ˼ûа취ô׳ˡ
Сӣǲ̫ˣѾõݣǰô˵Ͳɱ𣿡
˼ŤͷԵĳ±Ŀñޱȡָ֪սһݵָ⣬ֻҪһգ±ͻ飬·һ
Ǻǣ˼±ҵĲ£ҺǶͻ˵ȴһ΢ġС䡯һ΢С䣬һ󣬡˼Ѿռ˱ˡɱ𣿡
ȻһЦһ˫ͺ񵶽һ㣬ֱӴ붼˼ĵס
һ࣬ⷬ΢΢˶ͫһ˿Ȥζɫ
˼Ƕ̫˽⣡
죿ԼǶ֣οǶ˼
ã
ͺʹԤϵһ˼һЦȻѡ
СӣҿԺ㽻ףһֽһֽ£һʱҾͰĲ׸㣬ҲҪĶ׹ͬʱ֣˭Ҳ׼ˣթҷҵĶǼٵģɱ±ٰߵĲһɱ⣡
Ȼҷ㲻ˣҪ;ɱҾͻٵż㣬ҲԶòҵһΣҲһκף
һҲЦ
󣬶˼ǵֵסջ󡣲ֻҪܾȻس±һоͶֵˡ
һɲǣͶ˼λƺͻʵĶͳ˧һڴһ¡ղû˿滺һ̴ﵽ˼¡
ǧһ׼鲻ԣֹ֣˼³±򣡡
˵עͶ˼ϵʱûע⵽һֱվһĬĬԹ۵ĸ֥촽ͻȻ΢΢£ʩչ˴ܵĹڳǧϸŵ
Ͷ˼һƬƽдɽףȻûжע⵽ƽı£̺޾ɱͲ˼ԼͶ֣һֽˣһֽǶ̶̵һ˲䣬ֻаѶ˼עء󡱵żϣΪģż㣬пܵ֡
˼ԼϵƭˣĸġһһɲǣתֶԸ±ʱ򣬳±Ȼ·һңΪ±ϣԼ֥֣Ѿȵ
ס
ǧ΢ɲĵ˵ͷҲ¶صɫ

һͻȻؼͶ˼Ľ׿ʼնȻغɱ꣬˼ǽڷָһεڳ±Ĳϡ
ɫ䣬֮ǰ̸еʱȻͬ
ǣ
˼һֱֻ󣬷һĹǽԶɳľɳ˺ͳjͿʼһɢĿӹ˼ֻƣɫʱ֣


1009 ս

˼˵ڶ֣Խɱˡһһε˵֪ûһ˿ɢɫʱ򣬻ͻȻӻȡֽҲһֽ
˪׵ż㵥ޱȣ£͸һϸСּ
˼۾գһ£һε˹ȥͬһʱ䣬Ҳ׷˹

ֻеõһˡһߵ󷨾磬ֻһֿھĳ󷨡͸еİأͻʳµǻͿԴﵽߵļ𣬳ɾԼ
ʱȻ赲
˹صĴǻ󼶱ͬͬûдﵽߵľ硣ܹõܣͬԴﵽߵľ磬ɾڴġ󡱣ջκ˶޷ֵġ
࣡
ڶ󷽣غͶç֧ԶĵطɣҰ˶ʶ촽¶һ˿Ķɫ
ȻΪ˱ѩޣɱά˹ص۹ģܹ͸ʹôﵽߵľ磬ֶֺΪأϾ˹ظԭҲй󷨵Ĵ˵
һ
ڣһɲǡ
˲塢˼֥лصˣļһĴ󹭣˲ýġ
䣡
ʯ䣬һֵĲǶ˼塣ͣ׹һһżƶֻż㲻ǳŶ˼ȥǳбɲǣһ˵ķ
˼Ƥһ˲䱻ż˹ȥ鿴ƽü֮ȴԾ͸һ˿ŵɫĿֻһŹâ˸׼еż㣬ƺʱ׼֣ٵ
أ
û˿ԥ˼һԺ֮Ѹٽ±ɳȥ
壡˸㣬ң
¡¡лص˼±׳ķͬбɲ˵ĵطҺ׳żԯޣ˺ܳһξ롣Ҫȳ±򣬾Ͳʱȥٵĵż㡣ͬ˼Ҫ󣬾Ͳȥɱ±
һϣ廹Ƕ˼Ȼ뵽һ顣
¡
âһͶ˼ͬʱƿնһ±һеĵż㡣ϣͶ˼ּĸ̶֣һܹ飬ʵ̫̫ˡ֮õԼҪĶ
壡һꪣ
ų±ȥ˼дϲ˴ɲǣ˼Ҳ룬ȫ㼯͵عǱɫУֻ˲ϢɫꪻΪһŭųβ棬ݺݵ塣ͬʱֻһɲǣâһѸٻħ񣬺¡Ƶ¶˼ɫꪵȫһ־޴ĽƺݺŶ˼˹ȥ
֣
һɲǣŷѸٲȡжԶֹͶ˼ڶ˼ĺ󷽣ɳľɳˡjһֱŶ˼ƣյ˼źţû˿ԥλͻʵ۹ĵ۹׼ͬʱ֣ʳһ㣬򱻶˼еĳ±
ԽںԽ֤±ΪҪҪǣǵɱ±ôƾӵľĺʿȻɾ޴ĴΪһ㣬Ҳֵ˳֣ɵ±
޳֮Ǹң
һȴԣǧкһѸ˳г±ڵķսϣնʱýޱȡȻıһֱû˵ĸ֥
Щģ˼Ͳóˣ
һϵޱȣͻȻ˶𡣺䣬֥αٶȱκ˶Ҫ죬˳ɲǣսϵ֣ʱڸ֥籩ǿϢǰ޹⡣

˼ɫ䡣¼ÿ۹Щμĵ۹󽫣еĵ۹У֥˼ʵһУ˹ֶԸ֥ޱȣʵ֪
֥Ѿųѵ˺Э𣿡
˼һлЩɣǿ֥ķӦﻹʲôɡ
󣬸֥½֪Ķ۹󽫺αؽţᡣ
֥룡
˼ȫﻹҺһݣѸԾ˵ٶȳſеż˹ȥ
˼ķӦѾˣǻһ˱ȶ˼ķӦ졣ڶ˼ʱѾ׼ǰ֥֡ĳȴظıĿ꣬ͳ±תƵ˸֥
¡ضȻһһƥĽɫƺƵֺƥſеĸ֥ն˹ȥ䣬ҵıըУϢཻصײţƥĵ;ɨķը̳ա
ҵ󣡡
˼ţû˿ԥĽɫڱΪһŽɫϣֵ챬ըһ̣˼Ȼѡֵ۹󽫽𵴳ˣһݣʯ䣬˼ָ˲ס˿еż㣬ȻѸ֮УоֽʵĥɰУһɲǣ˼оͺжǧص
ߣ
¾ֵɲǣ˼Ҳ룬ʩչͬһ㣬Զȥ׳ĳ±򣬶˼ʱҲȻϡȻҪǣ˼ĿѾһͷȻս
𣡡
û˷ӦһӰС󣬴ص׹ڵϡǳص壬ʯײʹض
Գ
ɽһĺӰںͳǧｻֵɳľɳˡjһݣĵ׵սʧøɸɾȻһۣѸԶȥ
Գƥ۹󽫶Ƕ֣˵Щ׼ˡ
ӣµ㶫𣡡
忴һĻЦɳľɳ˺ͳj͸ҶԳ±֣Ļᣬô˴ݵߡ
䣡
һĽƣͬǸ°㣬ֱɳľɳ˵ĺĹȥͬһʱ䣬һ޴ʯڿзХصײ˳j͡
ȴʱ򣬿ƾԳͶһ޴ʯ
䣡䣡
ֻһĲҽУɳľɳ˺ͳjͬʱкģ۵һѪٳǰݶȥ
𣡡
Գ͵ݶѸٳ˹˺ͻʵĴ׷ȥһΣԳҲǳֿȭкȻһʮ׳ľ޴޹纣˰ХƼ侪ˡ
ߣߣ
Զǧ³ͷžԳ׹УȻԳһֱں󷽣һξ룬ûбעˡ
Щ˵вĻ͸֥Щ۹󽫣ͷԳ
գ̳һߣͬĺһ㣬ԱʱٶȣԶ۶ȥ


1010 ż㣬Ķǣ
¡ײУһ޴͵ײ󷽵СֻһĲҽУʮ³㲻Գ׳ľ޴У޴˲佫ǻѪɣ
ڽѾɣ±Ѿǧ׸ҵ˫֮ҲòٹϣŹᡣȻʱеȴ壬Ǹ֥
˼ߣ󣡡
֥ٶȷ۵糸κμǿ߶еľѡֻ֥ڿϳһİɫˣһֲ˼ٶȣŶ˼׷϶ȥ
¡ˮʿһʮɳĻֺ뽣ŰеĶ˼նȥ֥ʱƺѾ϶˶˼ں׷šһ˼һɲ󣬾ݵļơ
쵰
˼־ŭʱ治͸֥һսڣֻҪһ˽ֵܹеżɷ顣ϣ£˼żǿмʱ䶼ûС
˼Ҳţ֥ܻᣡ
أҵס֥³֮Ǿ֣
˼ͻȻеһ߽ץסеż㡣°ǽŽɣڣ˼Ѿа˳ˡģ֥ò׷ţһҪƴļơ
СӻǺƭթĵԭ˻ǳŰ
˼в޼뵽ڻԿ϶Ľϣпǲûк͸֥ǿľˣпɳ֮
һ࣬Ѿӳһξ룬˼Ļйâһı⡣˶ڳԶʱ򣬻һۣȻŸ֥ײȥ¡ɫĴշжȻ֣ȻһɽѺľ޴Ÿ֥նȥ
¡
ĵͽײһƥĽɨķԲʮڵĿһıըȻ򵥵һײΪ˼ӮҪĴϢ֮ϣֻս˻˼Ȼ٣һӰѸʧԶ
һ࣬ŭеĸ֥˿ɵУҲ޷ֵͣһĽӹصۣ˺ѣֽƬ飬µֱ۶˺һӣѪ䡣Ȼüͷֻһ£ûκεı仯ͺ֥еǱ˵ֱһ
ߣ
һס֥ԥԶȥصʵȻ֥һҪܣǸ֥Ҳκε
˲عˣɣ
ڸ֥ɫ׷ʱͻȻһӺ洫Ӻ׷ֹ
޶Ѿˣν棬׷ȥδؾռٱˣɱһЩ³Ѿ൱ˡ
ϧˣֻһͿ׷ˣ
֥Զ޺޵
ˣȥٵ󡣸֥֮ûֹⳡףΪע⣬ڽ׵ɲǣٵż㡣ܳȫ壬Ȼس±ͬʱҲֹ˼ı
ϧһеһȫΪӰ
˲⣬ȥɣ
ϣ΢΢һЦŶ˼Զȥķ򣬺
Ļ֥һ𣬶Ťͷ¶Ц⣬һɲǣ֥һ˲Ϣ䣬ͷӹԺ·ʲô
ǺǣˣѾɣǻǻȥ˵ɡ
ƺѾµ֥ʲô΢΢һЦһڵ
֥⣬˵ͷټͬԳһ𣬳Զ˹֮Ƕȥ

Զ̳ڰ˴Ƶ׷Ҳ˹֮Ǻ󣬶˼ڳһ
󽫾ϲˡһƵʿܹһûбĽˣⲿԺͻʺ󽫾Ҳܴﵽߵĵλ
յһͻȻӺ󷽴һƥӺ׷ǰĶ˼Цӯӯ⡣
⣡
˼͵һڴȥ˼ʱԸģЩ˹ˡ
ˣҲһҵǻʲôҰġ
˼װ
Ǻǣ˹صĴҲЩҪһ¡磬󽫾Ҳһۡ
޵Цţȴ
ںʹƽ֮ǰ˫ԼƵҲҪ˹һݡ˼ˣȴʱװͿúŪ
ˣ
޵һ䣬ͻȻЩأ˼˵ͻϣɲǼ䣬һ˿Ӳ

˼ֳòײŴɹŪȻҲӦ޺ͻصˣʱֻȣʱҪ˼Ѷ̸ף
ô󽫾òǲԸɣ
޷âƺһ۾Ϳ˼â¶
ߣ
һߣԣغͶ˼ɲǼ䶸䡣Ȼʲôû˵˵밴ҲһɲǱޱȡ
˼νףҲ١ѵӲţʱ򷴻ڣ
ç֧ͻȻ
˲ýޱȣϣ޺ͻе³ȫʣܼĵֺ˸ȫ׼˶Ķ˼ͻˡͬʱӦеﲪȻɫ䣬Ҳ׷׸ų׼˶³
ǰսһȴͻȻε

սŵ㣬ۿҪһѪͻʱ򣬶˼ͻȻЦ
ͼλ뵽ȥˣҶ˼ֻʳԵˣǴƵǸСӼթȻ뵽һǡԸޣ֮ǰż㣬Ѿȫһһ£żȥɣ
˼û˿ԥӻȡʼż㣬ûһۣʹɴ˹ȥ
һٶͻ˵غͶç֧ж΢΢һ£ƺЩСС⡣
ͣ
ȻоɣǶçֱ֧һ飬ʶ˼׹ż㳭ż㣬ֻһۣç֧ʱ̲ס۽һȻ֮ǰ˼õżʱûǿֻֽϵ⾳ç֧֪˼ûв˽
ȻĽԭԼ
һ
Ƕç֧պգʶ㣬Ͷ˼һĵ۹󽫣һҲЩĦ˼˼ˡǰһֵ㲻Ը˲ôʹɴ࣬ʵں뵽ͬһˡ
󽫾ʹ죡ѣģżǿ֮ͻỹ󽫾
޵΢΢˷䣬һƵᡣ
˵ʱ΢΢һƣһ̣ʣһ֮ڶǧ³ȫջԭţŵգһ̶ʱΡ
ǵأžǡ
˼Ц֮ǰ̬ȽȻͬ
ܿ죬ż㣬˼֮ȫ˴ޡ˫ݣܿȥ


1011 
ˣ˹˸ûʲôǰǰ󣬼Ǵһ˵Ĺͣǣ̫ˣ
ȵ޺ͻصһߣɳľɳ̲ס
˹վǻǶ֣Ϊ
jҲ
ϣj͵̬Ⱥɳľɳ˳һ¡ʵ벻ף˼ΪʲôҪ˹ˡֻǣǳjͻɳľɳˣ˶Զ˼ľԷӣԴڵʱ˭û˵
ڻǺ˹طʱ򡣶ңҲôöԸˣûò󣬻غͶç֧ͻᶯ֡
˼
ɳľɳ˺ͳjһӳĬˡغͶç֧ʵˣǼǿĵ۹󽫣ټϻһλĺĴޣȷʵǺ˹طʱ򡣸ο˹شıҲԶǶࡣ
ҪԸʹһ㡣
˼
ǡ
ɳľɳ˺ͳjͻ˵ЩʲôǺܿ챻˼ˡ
ÿˣΪôɵĻȫô׵͸ǣ
˼
ɳľɳ˺ͳjһȻǺܿ죬뵽ʲô漴һȻȻ֪ôʱ䣬˼ôģʶ˼ӦʵǼ϶ֽš
Ӣ
һóϷ
˼ֻһЦŴޡص뿪ķһĨĹâƣҵĹǽݣȻżżѾ˴ޣǿ¾޶ϵǰż㣬һûԭԭĶĵżҲͬûв˽һ˹ˡ
Ǿڽȥһɲǣ˭Ҳûע⵽ѾֽţԼٶģһļؼۡ
Ȼıֻ֣⼸ؼ֣˼ͽȻͬ
˼֮ôʹɴ࣬ûԭġ
ޣѾˣɲң
˼һЦܿӪء

˼Ȼˣǿ¾벻ķչȫͬ
ʮ⡣
࣬󣬲ôҲٿˣ
ͻʵӪ뿪żհصıż㣬ؼ֣صĽ˴޵ظ޴뿪ľԼȫ³뿪һжûоͬġ
֮ǰ֮սսܣѾǴ֮ټԵѾϼִ˵еĶһоͽȻͬ
Ȼڶ˼ǰǻػǶçֵ֧ļ䵭񲢲̫һǽֻΪ۹󽫵Ϊصļðˡôܲеĺͷ
ǿ˹ص۹ģ
Ǻǣ
Ԥϣǰһ̻ڶ˼ǰֵķǳأ־ڱصõĴޣӻнӹ֮ûֶߵĸ
̬Ⱦͺ޹ؽҪķֽһ
̫ˣɣݣûôҪ
һƵᣬֻ˵ĵһ仰Ͱ˹صλ۹𾪵Ŀɿڴ

˶סˡ
࣬˼ⲿѵǼٵģ
һ㵵
Ǽٵģģ
նض
ǣ֮ǰǾھǲǶ𣿽ֻʮѧէܹĻһ㣬κ󷨶ﲻġ󣬾
һԣç֧Ҳڵ
ȻҲż᲻м٣ȫôƶЩȫǼٵġ
ʱǿ˶ˡ
ҲŸ͵ԭӶ˼õ漣ػЩˣһе˷ȫʧ١
ңЩǼٵģǶ˼Ҳõ˼ٵģ
˼ϻϲ׾ֻǡ׾ǡ׾ţȻô̵ʱڰ۹ȫŪסˣҿ˼ķӦҲΪġ
Ǵ޴Ӳԣ϶ⲿǼٵģôʮа˾ţ˵
ֻһЦ
˼˽⣬ЩֶκŪȥҲǺǣҶ̫˽ˡӹȥҲǵһκˣԸֶͲܽκˣ˼ֻһԸ
Щ󡭡
ç֧ЩţżϵݶǼٵġ
ĸ֮ˣûв´ʼż򻯰汾󣬰Ͼȫģ԰벿ģϰ벿ٵģǺֶΣ
νףȻУ󲿷ֶԹ۵״̬ʵҲ൱棬嵽׻ʲôķʽƭ˼Ǵ޶ò֡
Ǵ༴Ȼ֪ΪʲôʱȴϾڻѡ
΢΢üͷ
ҲǾ˵ˣҲûá
ҡҡͷ
˼̫õˣǸʱֻǱġοûκε֤ݣ˼ƾʲôǣ
һ䣬غͶç֧סˣλ˹ص۹ĶһҲ˵˵ף˹غͻʽֻʱԵѣ˫껹ԶûôҪ붼˼Ϊһ仰ͷνףôܣ
߰ɣһлȵǷӪ˵
˵ţܿ뿪

壬ΪʲôҪֹȥ׷˼
ͬʱңԶ˹У֥ǧϡѶԼеĴƽüһãȫۼһ𡣴ӳⷵأƨɶûȣ֥̲סʳеʡ
ǰү˼Ͼǵĵˣõδ¸ѶԸ
ϯԪ졢ѶԼ׷׸͵νףô˼ǡȫʤҪǣȥ֮󣬿»µĶ֡
Ǻǣ˷ģԶûô򵥡˼õż㣬Ҳܵõ󡣡
΢΢һЦŴݡ
ԭӵ˵仰֮˲ʧӰ١һʯͷ£Ļڵһ漴ȫ¶˷ɵɫ
˼˼õĸǼٵģ
֥
νףĵľó󽻸˼ʹͻʵ۹Խǿ󡣵ǴǾ仰Ƕˣ彻˼ż㣬ܸǼٵġ
ǺǣôܡνףдڣҪƭ˼ףƭȴѣο˼Ҳûôƭ
΢΢Цڸ֥Ķ棬мһųӣͬʱһָߵš


1012 ׶Խ
Ӳ͹ԼĶ֣οǶ˼˼ĵ۹󽫣ʹ纣ıͶ֡øٵĺŪ¶˼һʱѾɱ˳±
֥ⷬǧԼϯԪһԺˣȫŪ˵ʲô˼
ԣ壬ż㵽ĻǼٵģ
֥üͷżɽһѪ
ģҲģֻǸǶ˼Ҫֶѡ
嵭ȻһЦһĸĪ⡣
ν׵飬³֮⣬ûܹ˵ס󷨵߾ֹֻϵԶô򵥡
½صʷϣһʱ䣬ʵǷǳձ󡣲ֻͻԼ˹ظԭڣֹԶص󣬶۷
ﵽ󼶱󣬿صǿֵﵽ˼ǿ󾳽ܶ֡
ǺһʣЩ󷨵߾ռ½ϳ׵ʧˡˣǴҲỨôʱ䣬ȴʼһˡһϷܣҲ಻ס뷽跨ȥȡ
ĩĴ½ϣΪ˶ԸЩߣܶ˶뵽ռռ޵Уһֱؼգ֪ķ˶ٵҲ֪˶ٵ·˶ٸͬİ汾
ֱ󣬻㼯ڴ汾Уѡѵģ
˷ģеһҶѾ׵˼ߵǸ汾ȻģѾһЩССĸı䣬ԽԽУΣԽ󣬶ʵҲԽҲﲻ󾳽磬ҲҶʹֱַ°ӳ±ĳͷ
ָߵ棬һŵ
岢ûйĽ͡
壬㡣
֥ĿһûȥôģҲôģֻҪ˼޷õͷˡҲΨһĵ顣
ǧԪ죬ʱӹ̳Ƿֹ˹ֺʹϣ⣬ҲʿǺúϢһ¡
ǣˣ
˹Ӧǡ

ϲ˹֮ս׶Եʤ8000
һȺ뿪׼վͻȻ֮䣬һϤԺһɫĹâעԺ֮У˲о巢΢ı仯ƺøǿϸҲԽӵл
ͬһʱ䣬Ժйâ仯ӵִ˹սһһֱ˹ִŴʳıһ·ˣĵ⽣ӰʬɽѪһҵսԾ˵ٶȣٴչǰ
Ժһ棬һӴĴ½ͼת󶨸8000ĸɫϡ
һ׶εսڶ׶εսչ
棡мĸսܣ
棡ĴԽӣĶԶֹʳˡʧܣĨɱ뾡һеķ
ڶ׶񣬽20000㣬ʧܿ۳80000㡣ֻм͸ʴٴξ棡˹֮սʤ֮ǰ޷˳˳һɽݶ۹յʤߣ

ڵһ׶ŵͬʱһϢͬٲ㣬Ժгˢ£ɫһͣʱסˡ±ѾȻأ֮ʯʱһ׶εʤѾЩˣֵģ֮ʯͻȻ֮ʾһϢ
ⳡսûʤ𣿡
Ժд˷Ѿƣ𵩾룬ʳҲһϣ˹ֺǵһ·ӵ˼ʮ⣬֮ǰǿơ屾ΪⳡսΪֹӦòΧԸһˡ
û뵽֮ʯʾϢⳡսֻǿʼһлԶûн
ԽӣĶԶֹʳˡʲô˼ѵ˵ʳ˻ѡǿľǴʳ۹ٽĹҼȫﻹʲôѣ
֮ʯʾϢУľλָоΪԼĽ룬˹֮սƺַʲô仯ƺһЩҪĶԼ֪ġ
ǣʲôأ
Ժд˷ܿӴ˳ȥ

֮ʯ飬˹սʤϢ󷽣ʱ˿̣ԶͼоҶС
̫ˣ
ʳˣ˴ܴʳˣ
Ҿ֪һʤģ߶߶

ԭҵҶУͻȻ֮һƬڣ֪Ϣַ̼׷˽ͷԭĴݻ𡢽ӵĵˣиֳûٵ׷ȥǳĻָ
Ӫ꣬ϾЩڴƴܴʳͻʡ˹صҲζػشƵͳΣʱٳûңΪУͲʲô֮ˡ
ģʳʮȰЩ쵰ö࣬ȻʧܡʲôһȺûõķ
Ҷǣĵ·ϣһ۵׳һδһɳε޺޲ѡ
ͳѾܶ꣬һκòײҵӽһϵȻô̵ʱ䣬˹λʳ۹Ѫܶͱˡ
ͷô죿ʳ˸Ľں󷽵ңŪ£ʱǻû
һĺѹ
һΣʳ˴ѵӣں䣬ں󷽵ҡּúôĺȥҡԸԥĴӦˡ
û취ˣⳣһﲻöԸǴ󽫶˼ɱӹһ١οڻ£һˣǲΪСϾ֥һɲǳġ˰ɣڴʳǱߡԼˡ
۵׳޺޵ͷٴοһ۰ۡϿƮģ۵׳һ֣ܿԶȥѸٵʧҶ⡣
ڣٲҲֻˡ
̫ˣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷ룬ĽЩ룬һۡģΰ׳¶һֹԶ⾳

ۡĴſڣڵ׽Ĵ֣ʾȨĵط
ʱ˿̣ⳣڴϷȭͷţһƬܡ
Ҿ֪һԵģ
һɲǵķⳣ壬˫ͨ죬Ѫ˿鼤ѡԴͨƬǣԽ룬ǰ˹һʱ޿̲ڹעĶڣļ尾֮󣬷ⳣڵڴѾõϢ
Ȼ˹ֺʹʳ˻ûȫȴǶڷⳣ˵׶ԵʤѾĿǰõϢˡ٣ѾռǱݳУʮ𼱣ʱȫû״̬
壬лл㣡
һ̣ⳣимѡ



1013 ݱ볯

ʱһֻӥͬ
үүү
ɽХ⣬ɽ˺ܲѡáպɽ˲˲١Ĵӷ֮һֱûϢڣڿһ
Ϣ͸ɣ
պɽһƥһ˶ߵͻսܿ콫еϢ˹ȥһԣһӹڸ۶ȥ
ڣһѾɫŵվľԣеĶŲˮŷʳһжǵǡЩŽţҪŷв̽ʲôȴһ
ȿȡ
һҵĿӷڴѾһӽˡ
ô찡С㶼һûгˣƺҹˣһСʲôҡ
ڿһɲǣһСѾ̲סۿˣۣȴҴ¾ŵڵ١ΧѾȻû˵ʲôϵȴѾеĵǱ¶ɡ
һױ̨һһ齣ûʲôˡ
ǰǰɽѻ顣ϴһϮİɫѣɫ԰ףѪɫȴȻרעǰ顣
֪ͨϼ壬˹ݱ뾡ϵʿϰԲͬȻʳţ򣬵ȴܳˣմ档
ǶʮƥսΣ͢𣿻ظĹɵ
⣬ҵ嵽½ļ˹Ǳߣ֮ǰѾ˴Ĺڻǵһʱ˹غͻʵĹƣС͸֮Ǳӹ̡
֮ǰļʦǵ˵ĸ֮ǣɾսֻҪҪʦδҪǵİ⣬ٸңӿĶ죡

һһϵĴȥǿͣ顣ڵϿһжպɽ˸𡣵˶ʵеŮӡ
ȻһŮ֮ΪٵĴڣܱڵľȥ֧Ԯķⳣ塣ֻǣÿһȥٵɫԽ԰ףԳһֲ̬
ȿȡ
ĵһ룬̲סٴξҵĿ
С㣬սȻţҲһҪȥ㲻Ͽ壬󷽵ĳﱸҲ˼ˣҵĻԵ㶫Ϣһɣ
һͻȻСվһ߸űᶼˡ
СûʱϢ˹ʮƽʿǹϵ¤յİΣұеһж׵ʱĸǰŲͺԴ㲻õģҵԼ֪һܿסȿȿȡ
˵ֲԾÿһα֮ǰҪء

ʱͻȻһƿţҴҵĴ˽һڵϣ
˹ţүܰ˹֣˹ܴʳӣ
ʲô
仰ͶһбϲĹâ
øҿ
ٽŲ鸡æǰվ߹ȥ
Ӵȡż򿪣˼飬ȷһ顣
˹ӮˣӮˣ
һļͻȻӿһѪɫ˵ϢҲ˲ࡣ

Ŀ뿪Խ¤һֱִ۹ĵ۶
¡
һʯǧˣ˹ĽݱһذըھʦɲҰһƬ䶯
ݱݱ
ӮˣӮˣĴƾӣʤ࣬˴ʳͻʺ˹ľӣ
ûпӹȻǹ֮䣬ʥ䣡

ٹһƬڡ˹غͻʳϢ͢͢һƬšĿ⣬׷׹עŴǸ˿֮·ϵ󶼻رķսһսǣ˵ġ
ٵ룬ѾҲûжıˡ˹ʧزסô¤ڴʳıв֮¡
һµĹңȻԼıֱָ¤ôĵط⽫ƴδйĳ裡
ó͢ⲻģǴʳ˹غͻʺˣ˵֮κʳѰڣӮˣȻֻǽ׶ԵʤѾˡ
̫ˣ壬Ȼûп㣡
ͬʱУ˹սеֽ͸¶βסĽ
һ֮飬ͦ㾡ȫֱ֧߽ţִڹ֮սԡһ֮УҲιˣڳ֮УҲΣգڶս߾Ͷͻʺʱ򣬻ﱸʳڹؼʱ̣˹ȥ˾ʿҲǳս
Ǵʱ˿̣˵һӺʣǷ壬һֱڱĬĬ֧
ԣ֮壬㲻ǽŻӣ㣬ǽɽ֮ң֮ңǰ֮Ұ
ԱžĶοѡ
ԣ֮鷿Ķ岻ڣдΰݷң鷿⸱ڸء֮սε˹֮ս嶼еļԼҲ⸱ϵĻ
壬ȥɣſΪƲգֻΪһŵж赲Ҷκһ赲·ϣ
ŤͷĿ͸򿪵Ĵӣ⡣ܲһ꼴ļ񡣶ȴ绹Ҫ

ᰲԼƳ͢еĶҲŵһսĽңԶ˹Ҳӭһѵõƽڡ˹ˡͻ˻Ǵʳˣȫ˵˼ʮ⡣ѵõĻᣬƾԼĹӶȫææµµ㾡ȫӹ̹¡
ЩƻĵһһѸ޲ҸݵΣһĸı䣬ּ򵥵ֱߡͬʱ֮ĹҲȫ˹֮ǵķ£һƣͬʱսܵƻĴƳԼװ
һаͰ࣬ÿ춼нչ
˹ıһƬƽսİȴԶӿ
˹࣬ʮĵطһƬдɭֺبڴϣһſŲĴֱָ񷣬ÿһŶ˫˺ϱ֡ԽԽƶ񤣬ˮҲԽԽٵĴܹӵ˶ïʢĹľҲֻˡ
ɭ֣
е˿֮·ϣй˼ûв֪ġʱ˿̣˹ֺǵʮ򲻵ĴʳӾפ


1014 ɭ
ô۹ǱϢ𣿡
һӺɭﴫӺɭֺĹٵϣ˹ڵһ鲻֪ʯкϣڵ˿֮·˵ĵ·ɭ˾ĵطкܶﴣ˸ĵԼ
Щ󲿷ֶƱйصĲƸ֮ÿ˶һ𣬾ö֮˺ɭеһ羰вܵĽۿ
ǲǰ˹ֻǵ£ȫ͡˹֮սʮʳľսʿս޾ȫûķѵ۹޴齨𵩾ҲܵشҪǣ۹購
дʱޱȡ
Ӻɺһֱ˴Ĵʳһ·ݿ࣬ңݻ˲֪Ǿ˹ȴǰδеĲҰܡ
Ѿϵˣ˹ܶײͿܶ˹ѾлӦ˵˹飬Ѿٶһµʱ䣬ǾͿ˳ִڶûнӴĴǷǳȤ
ǵµ
˹ܶײͿܶ˹ֶڴԶĹ˵Ǹİ֣¸ûж֪ڴʳ۹ԼǸԵϽȴ׹СֹĴڡ
۵λ˺Ѫܶ˹ּͬȵλĴڣر˹ܶײǺųսܶĴ£ʳľһ·ͻͽݿ࣬Խ˵кռ˹һ·˺ں
սĿȳ̶ȣײ±Ȱ˹ֻҪǿҡ
˹ϲͬĵ۹񣬶ײϲսսײԾܺͰ˹ֲû̫Ľλ̸ɫսܶ˵˹֮󣬻ǵһʱӦ˹ֵԮ˹
ڿܶ˹Ȼλ˹֣ڴʳ۹ͬսպĴڡս鼫ḻرͰ˹ֱǼҪõѣϵĺɺʱսһݻ϶ǿĶ֡
֮ӵмꡣ
ڰ˹ֵļƻУ˹Լں󷽵ԮֻҪ˹ͦ򣬰˹ͻӺ󷽸Լϣڣ˹ĲҰܣʹð˹ֲòıƻǰٰ˹ˡ
ǵµĻ˹Ծ˺ܶ࣬ײǰ˹ÿ¶ӵдľǿõǵ֧Ԯ˹սʧıѸֲҪǣײǰ˹սʵҲǳǿܶϣԳ׵Ĵݻ˹һĴҵ
ˣ˹Ũܵ˫ü΢΢š
ײ˵ʲôûкô顣Ը֣ȻҪ󡣡
˹ֵ
⡭
ǵԥˣǿ˹ڻ˵˳
ײҪܶóֵսսʤĻϣܶóڹ﷢Ķ⣬ȨӴ˵ľѡһǿΪ˽
ǵµ˵ʱһֱĴŰ˹ֵɫȻײҪ󣬰˹ɫԽԽڣԽԽѿǵµҲɵԽԽͣԽԽС
һƬδսӵ޾ĲƱ͵ˣײӵ۹սʼѾԶ֮ġֻǵ۹ȼɭϣ﷢˭Ҳ޷Υټϰ˹һǿƣ̶˿ײײһֱûа취С
һ˹ĲҰܣײо˻ᣬʱԥ̽Լצ
ɭﾲĵģţ̧ͷǵҲ֪˹ִʱɫһޱȡ
˭֪Ѫܶ˹ֵĽ˭ҪǶ԰˹ֵһ裬ԶҪζܴӦ
ã
ԤϣǵΪ˹ֻܾʱǵȴ֮Ĵ𰸡
ˣ
ǵһ͵̧ͷһ𾪡
ˣԲԴӦӦײҪ󣬿Ժ˽Ϊ۹ЦҶԴڶҲ䲻
ֻһɲǵʱ䣬ǵӦȫȰɵÿ۹ܶǸ߰ģ˹ִӦײҪôԺԶҪײѹһͷˡ
ǵ£ûҵ˼ڲǼƽϸ˵ʧʱ򣬲ңײ͹ⳡսس̶ȡ˹ǰδеĵˣǵǿ󣬳κζ֡޾ţ𵩾ţǿĶ֣ɺһȫʧˡӺɺһֱûһ۹赲ôʱ䣬û˿ԽǻܣЩˡ
˹ʯкϣȻͬһ˫۾ޱȣƺѾսϸںͰء
ˡ
ǵסˣһ̵İ˹δġ
ɣײеȫӦֻһĲӴ
ûǵ¶˵˹նԥ
ף
ǵһӵɫڵ˵ͷ
⣬ٵôˣ
˹ʵ
һκʹ֮սʳʧأ˹ڵıز㣬貹Դʳսֳ֮սķѽɢ˸бԴʳ۹һֱӵõĺ󱸱ԴپеҪֶ֮һ
ʳձ䣬ѵˮƽߣսʶǿֻҪսͿףһѵЩ˾ʵıԴַͨʽ˹һֱܹԴԴϵĻȡ˹֮սУȻ͸֥£ʧ޴󣬵ַͨʽûм٣ԽԽࡣ
ҲǴʳ۹ܹţڶ̶ʱ˶ĵ۹ǿ۹Ҫԭ
⡭ⳡսԤĻҪصö࣬ӺɺġҪǣʹƵⳡս˶ڹע˹һսܣϢʹ˳ȥںܶ˶ʼ׷ӱļٵѾԶԶȲǰˣºڶ̶ʱļ
ǵ³
˹֮սĸñеĻҪصöֻ࣬ǱʿھȻ󱸱Դв֮ǰû뵽ġ
˹û˵һ˫ŨܵüëԽ
ĵĻײǰ͸Ǳߡ
ǵ磬û˵ȥ
ʳһȼɭϵĵ۹һȰ˹˹ĲҰܻҪأ﷢ĳ購ڶܶƤǰ˹ֵʧְصܡӵ۹ǰ͸ﴫϢ·ǳŭ۹ǰ͸ҲΪˣĹ塢ܶ󽫾ָ𰬲˹֡
Ȼڵ۶֮Ҳ̫ãڻʵŭû˻ʱͱ¹ȥ
ȻģıϾǹ﷢


1015 ɺ
ڶѾкܶĹʹ󳼣׷Ҫ˹ˡ԰˹˵ԲʲôϢڻû֪﷢ʵ۱µּ⣬ǴĦ˹֮վǻġ
ǵ£а취̽鵽˾Ϣ𣿡
˹ͻȻڵ
ˣ
ǵһû뵽˹ֲȥǹ﷢ܵŭͳͷȴ̸˴˾
ǵ£Ǵ˾ĵӣ³谮ҲΪ˾Ĺϵ飬ʵʼգؼġһֱǴ˾̬ȡ﷢ûб̬ȣΪ˾ûб̬ȡ
ޱ˿ƣؼʱ̵꣬սıҲشĹϵ֪ͨ˾ܹǶȹһ٣öİ磬ӵ̫δ֪أ˹½ֻһʼһָоδҪ磬»Ҫ˾
˹ֵ˵һǵ´㵲ѵĻ
˹Ұܣ˶֪˹ִͷΨû˰ⷭ뵽۹صĴ˾ȥο˾߸ϣ˾ηǳ˿ԽӴġ
ϸ˼˹ֵĻûе
һʱ䣬ǵԺд˷һʱҲסˡ
Ǵˣ˾ײβĵطǾе˶֪ټ˵ǡң﷢Ͻκ˴ʹ˾Υˣ˵ǡ
ǵµ
˹ִüͷ֪ǵ˵ʲôӼܱ³谮ȴΪ̰棬֮У﷢ֱ֪Ӵӵĵλ߸ϣӵлλļ̳ȨȨ󡢴󳼣Լصܶ˶񣬶ݣ˵ˡ
Դ֮۹֪˹﷢ľģ˸ҿ˵ﻹһĴʳر
˹ֳĬ˼ãҲòϣҪͨ˾·ҲܡֻرصĻ˹ֻǿðմȥؼǣǿдȥҲѼ˾
˾ʵ̫أڹȥʮֻ꣬¶ζѡӴ˾ϵõܡ
ʱһţ㣬ľ˾ôˣ
˹˵Ǽֵʱ򣬰˹͸һ˿ɡ
شˣɺľɹѾѹǵõϢɺӦѾʮһ֮󣬺ܳһʱ䣬Ӧöʲôˡ⣬ľ˾Ѿ֪˹飬ŵ찬Ѿţڽɺβ֮ں󷽵ȴײ˹λܶ˵Ĳӣһִ˹֧Ԯܶˡ
ܹܾ޾ź𵩾ŵĶӣ˷ǳȤ
ǵ³
ᵽľ˾šʱǵµҲθࡣ
˹֮սľ˾űԤӦóڶҲǹ﷢ŵ˹ֵƽҪΪ󷽵һңɺ춯ʹľ˾űٳûеִս
˹֮սʧľ˾ŵȱϯҲҪϵ
ܹõľ˾ŵ֧ԮһжȻͬ٣ƵֻȸڵϾ޷ݺ۳ң˿ɵ
ľȻʵǿ󣬵װ棬»޷ʹƵֻȸֲᲢۣ̫𵩾ŵսףѾ۹װ۹ǻۺͽᾧ̶̳ȺƥС˵ȸֽȻ𵩾ϵսȫϡҵĸоЩȸֽľ˾ľ˾ſºѷӳ޴
ǵ³
˹û˵仯˵⡣Ȼһֱ뼤ҵս֮Уǰ˹ֻǵ£ʱעս
𵩾ŵսȻȲϾԳʳڶŵǿ˵ļƻУ𵩾ŵսףȫԴڲ׵ĴݻٴƵľӡǧɱȥ֮һж֮ı䡣
ºţ۹׶켼սףȻ˵ĵǰ˲һ
ռ鱨ͬսױĲкһȥ󷽵ĺɺľ˵찬ˡڰڵ۹ڵԴǸǿҪҲֻܿԼˣЩҲӦû׵ġ


һֻɫ趯ųԾ˵ٶȻգңԶһֱɵ˺󷽵ľɺʳ˾˹ڴʱչ¶š
˹ֵϢִﰬеʱ䣬еĻҪöࡣ

źɫɹɺϿգո£ֻʳĳǱ۴αȣǹһ㣬ֱָաЩ̶ܼȺͻ̶ɺȻһü䷱ٵ
ʵϣֻҪɺˣᱻĹͻֺ𺳡˿֮·ϣǳֱΪ顱Ľ˿֮·Ӷ۵˿֮·յ㡣
Ȼʱ˿̣ɺȴٲյУǶѻʬ壬ɶѳɶѵķգܣĺ̳𡣿гһŨҵʬ役ζȻŨҵĻǿŨҵģϢѪζ
ԶԶȥܶطɺģһ
ɣ
ȺӵͺպѻǳصϿȻͣ£ͻ桰ʳЩʬ塣ںܶطһЩպ񵽴εš
ɺ
˿֮·յϵ飬ովһҵɱȻѾѹβȴҪܳʱ䣡

ںɺģһ޴İɫʯͷϣһ˴ţһֺɫӭƮ¶һּȲпɱζκοˣ̲סһļµĸо
ľ
ʳ۹ûв֪ĺֵġ
ɱ¾Ϊ
ľ
ʱ˿̣ɫķʯͷΧľš
ЩľһƤڣĸߴ࣬ڵļ⣬˸⣬ͺһ㡣һ˱ͺһͷͷԱһʱ׼սľĻϺɫϵۼ̶ֻܼܼҲ֪Щľضҵս
ŨѪѾϵĺɫ˰ɫЩľŨҵɱΪһ塣
ЩΪɱ¾սʿͺǵеħһ㣬˼սʿģ˿񣬸κο׹Ҥ
أ
һֻ׺ݵȮʮĽֽ·ͻȻ֮䣬ԭȮ·оʲôһһнβͣܵ޴ľһѸԶȥ
Щʳ۹պľսʿǳֵĵطصµĳӶһƬš


1016 ľ˺ʹ˾
ľսʿվڡ
ɱ˵ġôľսʿػģҲֻоŵ찬ˡ
Ȼľӣ
°˹ֵż㣬΢΢üͷ
ΪΪսľţľ˵սʿСͱ͵пľӪɰǧľ꣬ѵӪɱֻվŵһܳΪľսʿ
ֲͨпɸѡʽľ˾ʳ۹ǿ
磬ֵľ˾һսĶ֣νǿţ󶼵ľ˾ŵĽ¡ǿŵųɾľս޲ʤ
֧ģ˲û̫˽⣬ǰҲδţǰȴ֪𵩾š۹ԴùŴľ˲ӡǰҲòϣ𵩾֮ͨľӿԱġ
֧ľӣܹ𵩾ţͬвһ㣬ϵսףЩð֣Դ
ľ˴Ķ֣ǰ˹ᵽȴоļɵհ˹˵ģ𵩾ϵףǺҲвľ˵ʿ
հ˹ֵ˼ֻ͵ףпֵܵϡ٣Ҵôװš
΢΢üͷԳ˳˼ɫ
ľ˴ȱսľȴ޴Ѫܶ˵Ļ㰬ҲҪ֣ͻȻоЩˡ

ڳ˼ʱһҴҵͻȻ˰˵˼
ʣǸ߹ǣʱҪѵкɺ𣿡

ɺ壬ǳѪƮ֣ʬɽľٴչԼпѹֶΡʮ˵ʬҪٵʱ䡣ǰ˷еһֱǳ𾡵·񣬼Ȼ鵽кɺɹ壬ǾҪγܲ࣬Щ
Ļģƽǹ壬ǲûǣȥֻҪǺѵйأȫһǵļ˺ʮڰ˵ֻһʼ
ɺǳУĻ̻̣ϵ飬ϣľ˾ʹ˴סҪٽһ׷̬ЩһЩʳĴ󳼺͹塣
ҲǰرʱϽκνԭ
ˣǡǸ˲ΪɺġرҰøˣ˵һ֪
ڰɱ˵ĿУ࿣Ҷ˵ӻȡһ
ʡ
Ҫ߳ȻĿһŤжʱͫһͺһһϵͭƣ͸Ű߰ߵѪһ־Ѫµĸо
˵ĲͭǸɫ̫ӡǡ
ƣ
һΪԾ
öͭƣͰִƵľ˾ǳƣΨһͬǣյľһֺɫӡǣöͭǽɫ̫ӡǡǾֻܲͬҪľ˾ŵʿûвʶġ
ΪǼǰľ˾ŵĳųͻȵľľ˾ľ
ľʳǰһųͻʢڣҲ˵ĿģΪʳǿӢۡĵλ˿ԺڹͻΪʲôҪᴴľкܶĴ˵С
д˵Уһ˽ܺŵġ
˵ͻԭǴʳ۹һӶսܹڼһūΪԵɺϣһ˿أ˼¸ݣͬʱһ󷨣ľ˾ͳһʹõ󷨡
˵УͻҲǸ˵İ£ƺͽ˳ľ˾šͻȳڸмһöƣϵĽɫ̫ǹͻȺ˵ԼöҲľ˾ŵĳöƣڳֲúͳʧˣ˭Ҳ֪䡣Ҳû뵽Ȼʱöơ
Ǹأ
һͻȻڵ
ں󷽵ͥԺ
ͷ
˺Ĵ˹ʱѹԺŲҴźԺȥ
ɫγǱ󷽵ͥԺУ˼˴еˣݣļߣȫһۣ䵽أǳءͣһһľ޴Щͨ࣬ꤶһ˶ߣϵȫúɫĲΧšȥʮ֮߰࣬ЩͣͥԺ֮⡣
ǵʲôˣΪʲôľ˵ĳ
Ŀ͸һ˿衣
Щ˵ĳʵ̫ͻȻˣͻȵľʷϱһ޴ţȻͻѵ£κõ˶ľ˾ţҪһԼûŪ׶Էݺ֮ǰ˸ҷɾ衣
Ǻǣ˲ؽţҲûйϵǲʶɡ
߸ݵĺ΢΢ЦţԼһֻ䣬¶һĺɫġЩͬһ㣬󣬶ĵ룬һֻɫ۾ͼ

ʯ䣬һ͵صͷɲ
۹ӵϵȨϵԼ۹ʵ۹﷢ǲ׳ڵ۶͸ĵطҲ׺˽Ӵû뵽Ȼںɺطһλļ롣
ԭǼˣǰçײˡ֪˳кηԸ
˹
ǺǣʲôԸǴ˾֪˴ѣرҹЩ⣬öľ˵ĳҲǴ˾ģС
߸ݵĺȻЦ
ʲô
˻һ𣬶۾̧ͷ
˾ľ˳ߣ
һɲǣͷӰԺзӶͻȻ˹ͻµԣѵ˵ǸͻȽľ˾ŵʵǴ˾
Ҳδ̫ˣ
ˣȴһɻ
˾ڵ۹߸ϣܹ⣬Ҳ˸ðȻľ˾ŵľųǺʹ˾ȣҲԵ΢ҲԵü˾һ棬ƽ֮Ҳûаϵ
ʵǲ״˾Ϊʲôʱ˹һ
ˣ֪˾ʲôǷ˵ʲôģ
˴˲ضʣһȻˡ
߸ݵĺ˵ų󷽴˸ƣԣһ׳ʵӣһϾ޴ĺڲһɲǣ˷ʿ׷׿˹˵רעޱȡ
⣬ǡ
޴ϵĶǰ˸׼ҲȻ̲סŴͣĿ¶𾪵ɫ
ɺ£յУ˺Ȼºڲϣѹһ߲͹ƽ˶ߵľ޴


1017 ޵Ц
ǳ
ǰϣȻһ޴ǳǳ˻ǵһ󲿷ֵǳ׹ʱ򶼻ҵȼգ׹䵽ϵʱֻʣһ鲻ĲкҲν
׹䵽֮󣬻ֱܱ̬ҪǣֻҪǴʳĹף̬ǳߵϡһ̬ףԿףһ֡
ܹʮ߰ѵ˵
һ̣ɱ飬ֶοҺİˣҲ̲סͷһ¡ǳľ˾˵Ǹص
ֻǣ˾ô֪Ҫ
ڤڤУһͷԺ߸ݵĺ˾֮ǰ˵ĻͻȻһǿҵļɵ;ηŸոڴյ˹ֵţߴ˾Ȼ֪ȾǰǳֱĪ⣬˾ηѡ
ǰ˲û룬κԴȴ˾жʲô³
ˣЩ
æ̧ͷת˼
ʮ߼ȫǳҲǴ˾ر͸ľ˾ŵġǵһڶ͵Ѿ·ϣҪ˶ãͻִɺƾЩףľ˾һԸһ㣬͸ĻԻ͡⣬˾һǿ󷨣սľһ֮
߸ݵĺ˵һ˵ţһ߳ź󷽴˸ƣܿ죬ʮϵĺڲȫ£Ȼȫһſεģǳ
˼飡
Ȼв²⣬ǿʮϣʮ߸ǳ˻ܵ˾޴𺳡ʯ׹䱾Ǽ͵ĸʣҵһͲˣοʮ߿顣һǧǳ׹䣬µһǧкУһξѾ൱ˡ
ǰʮ߿ţ
ѾԽ³˴˾Ҳ˿Եõˡ
֪˾ʲôҪ󣿡
ʵ²˾δı棬ǳ󷨣˲Ŵ˾ûκ
ǺǣӢ
Ȼ߸ݵĺ¼Ц
Щ˴˿ͳͳȥ˾һҪ󣬶Ҫʹ˱ĿĲͻ˹һͳ˧Ǵ˾ָĿ꣬ϣ˴ܹȡͷ­͵
һŻȻظ
ת˾һɴ˾Ը

˹ĲҰܣһžʯڴʳ۹Ŵ˾Ľ룬սҲʼ˷ķ
һԿ϶һʧܲûлսȵ־̼Ӵ۹ʿ˷㼯˺ɺͻźɭֽһƬսա
ͬʱһ˹Ķ࣬ʮĵطȴƽ͵öࡣ
һսѾܴơʳ˹غͻʣķʧأҪһЩϢ֮ƽսĴˡ
£ӹ̳Ƿʱ򣬴޺Ͷ˼ͬӭԼĺƽʱڡ

һֻʳշ£ؿռ䣬˴޵Ӫ֮С
˹˵ʲô
һŵͰķǰΣһ߿ϵĴ½ͼһͷҲ̧
Ѿǰ˹ֵĵʮߴˡ
棬ҳϽӹǷţֻǿһۣͺ
ŻǺϴһϣܹڶжǵ·˹ֶǻ൱Ρ
ǺǣһսϹۣ˹ֵȻûƿڴѾзˡ
΢΢һЦΪͷоϵĴ½ͼΡ
ҲԹǣ֮ǰ˹Լûɳô֣ܳοǰһѾ㾡ȫǻࡣںʳ˶ѾӮˣ˭뵽ô̵ʱڣǻᱻתʱͷ֣ǳȥҲֻѣԹǣ
ؿڵ
һս̫⡣չڣǻػǴޣ˭Ը⿴

صĻҲ̲סһ̾
˹˵ʵҲһȷʵʧˡǸ˵սָǷáһж˵⣬ǶǸ˵¾ǱȻ
޵
ߣڵ˹غͻʴͺʹʳһذΧһսУһ֣һȴˡսָʱЧû֣ã˭޷Եġ
˹ȥһŰɣǿһЩΣ˹غͻһڶķϣԲ뿪
⡭ðɡ
ԥһ£ڵ˵ͷ
ˣ˼ôˣ
һתͻȻʵ
һ仰Ӫڵնʱ࣬Ҳ¶һ˿ѵõЦݡ
˼ѾˣԴӵõͿʼȫϣǻߵľ硣
΢΢һЦȻΪֹ彻׵ǲûв鵽˹ߣжͳ˧֪ǲǼٵġԼõˣҲȥ鿴ȥһзƽ˾
ΪѵͻʾͲˡʮľ룬ͻʵӪһƬȻ죬ʿȣ䤱رۣ˹ȫ硣
Ǻǣȷֲԣ˼ԼҲͻͣˡ
һЦ
Щ벻ͨ˼Ҳǿĵ۹֮һô򵥵İϷֲˣ
ҡҡͷ
¼ĵ۹󽫣ûһ۽硢ʶ֮ǵ˼Ǵе̳Խ˲ס
ʧ֣ʧ㣬㶼˼ǵ۹󽫣Ҳûʧֵʱ򡣱Ͼѣ˸ȥһţһ¡⣬ȥͻˣҲǵڸʲôɡ
Цš˵ʵһٵ󣬴Ҳ൱ǵʲôȻڻִ˲ƣȫûһֹͣļ
ǣȥŰɡ
ػһЦܿ߳Ӫʡ
գ
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һƥ˹صӪб۶ŹٵԼʮ֮󣬷һƬ꣬һƬشͻʵӪˡ
¡
ûпԶԶؾһɻʶ̧ͷһֻۣͷϷӡ
ô£
һʶһŻ˽Ųɻѡ
ѵˣ
ͷ˹Ѹٻع񣬳ǰ꣬۳Ҷȥ
ݣ͵һѸٵ궥ˡ


1018 ټٵ
ȣ
ûпǰоʹһ춯صĴȣɽХǳǧ˷ܾȫһŭһʶ̧ͷĿȥ
ֻǰʮĵشһƬƽ̹ƬشϣǧͻһθƬ򲻶ϵس̣һߴУһ߱仯ͣÿ˶СΧ飬ƵȺӵһܡ
ˡһܵʱһӴ糱ˮһ㣬ϱֱʡǿʵʣһֻֽסŤģվڸ߸ߵϣȥȻȫһ龰
ôܣ
һĻкݺһ𡣲֮ǰ￴ʱȫûƣƵͻڴϱۣܵú䤱һ׳һ
죬Ҳû֪ῴ龰
׷ʲôˣ̶ֻʱ䣬ôܱôǿ󣿡
š
飬˹غͻ֮УѾ˲֪˲Ͼ׵ʱ򣬿ǧ³￴šȻͻһƬ˷ܣ˹ӪصķӦȴȫͬ
˽£кܶ˲²⣬ⲿʮа˾Ǽٵġ
ԭܼ򵥣̫ƽˡȻ˹Ҳõ󣬵Ǵȫûû˼ģͲܣ
ȻһлԶûн˳ͻʴϷŤģĿռϣ￴˱˵һĻ
ЩͻϿգһǧ׵ĿУ˷۶Ǻһӿ赲⣬ڵͶһƬӰ
ֹˣ̧ͷĸһ˸׵磬Щ׵߰洩󡢱ը֮ǰıըȻЩ׵緢ġЩ׵ò·˶ͻĳֺӦ

󡭡󣡡
Ŵͣ꣬ȫסˡ
Ľ˵ͻ̫̰ģֵĶҲ٣Ϳʼпܷ亦ͻԱøӻƣϿյЩô£
ĺͿĿȫһ¡
ˣҪôǴжϳ⣬Ҫôǲġ֣Ҷ뾡㱨࣡
룬һ͵ŤͷʱķѸٱ۶ȥ

ʲôͻʵǰҪǿ󣿡
󷽣̽ӴϢλ˹ĵ۹󽫣ͬڣȫסˡ
ر࣬ǧȷ̽Ǿ̽ӣμӹٴδССս󽫾Ϥŵ޹»ʹõսԲд
棬˹ȷһһء
õ̽ӵĻرоˣʾ֮ǰأ˼о̽ӹȥ˻رϢȫһ
Ӫڣ޺Ͷç֧˵
࣬ܵģѵ˵СôɵȻĸ˼
ؿڵüͷ
û˵¶һֳ˼ɫ
ʵҲǲܣԭһ򽲾ţȫֳϣʱΪظ´ǸȻˣϾ̫ᣬΪνĳţҲпܡ⣬֥ǳҪٵ𣿻Ƕû뵽ᱻ֡
һԵĶç֧Ƭ̣˵һֿܡͳӹ̷ϢҴҸ˹Ȼʲô鶼ʹĹźܴĳ롣
ܵģ
üͷñ˻Ҫ
Ƕ̫͹ǸˣȻᣬ˶СǻۡıԺͽƻ̶ȣȣй֮޲ֵͼĴӦ÷ġ
ͻǱߣ˼õȷȷʵʵЧʵǾԲƭ˵ģǼٵģԲЧ
ç֧
޶ʱĬˡ
֮սܸ壬޺ʲôɻ飬飬޲òԼжϺпܳˡ
ߣȥ

ͻӪصΧޡءç֧ɣҰԼһЩ˹ؽ죬׷׾һԶԶԶ
µŤƾճֵĹƣһĻ˶˵
޶Щ󲻶ˡ
ࡣ
ɣҰ֣ʱ˵Ŀⶼ˴ϡ
Ȼû˵˼Ѿ¶ʵѾǰ˼õǼż㣬ʵõ˵ⶼǼٵģ¾ûʲôˡ
ʱ򣬾һޣľɵĻض˵ˡգػǾΪ˵仰
黹ôӳ飬Ŵжǲдġ
ص
㲻ҽˡ
޿Ц
ʵǰ˼ȷʵõ˺ôҲѹͻ˻ȫԸҹһʼͿ˼ˣ֮ôûɡ
ǡ࣬ҲҪ𣿡
ɣҰڵԵĶˡ
żڴǼٵĵҲνɣҰῴһۡͻ˹Ҳ³ܹô³ضҲͬˡ
Ϊ³ͳ죬ɣҰûһ˿뷨
ç֧ͻüͷ壬ʲôҲû˵Ťͷޡ
ٵһȣһ롣
޵޺ʲôΪѵģһΣòϣЩԾˡ

ԶϹۿʱ˭Ҳûע⵽һͻʵĳ򣬴Ӵ޵ջĿ⣬ŤͷͻӪأŶ˼ڵλó۳Ҷȥ
󽫾Զ˹صˣǷȡж
ϥأ
Ǻǣ𣿡
˼΢΢һЦŤͷһķ򣬺ܿջأںҡҡͷ
ȥɣҲʲô
ǵ뷨˼ô֪ܲ޻ǰ̫ˡϣ˼ʵȴ޻Ҫöࡣթӳֽţ
ôܣ
ϰģ°ȴֽţǶ˼ǾĵԶ˼Ǵ󽫵ݺ鴫ȥ»ᱻЦԣֵɲǣѡһֵʿݲ
ǼٵģûЧʲôã˼ͣǡҲʧٸʿѡģһоͲһˡ
ֵðս֥ȫĶΣ˼Žֻһô򵥣
ޣ㻹̫ˡ
˼΢΢һЦһַâ
ʹȫֲͬķ񣬴̫Ըȥǣʧ˺ܶᡣ˼ǻıϸ𣬾äӣҲκοܵĻᡣһУԽжϡ


1019 ˳ᢣ
ɳľɳ˺ͳjôеʿ̽ûг쳣Ҫ֪еϸڣκһĲҪ㱨ҡ
˼ܿͽΧĴ֮Ժ
ߵһͷ죬Ŀ
ش󽫾ϸ̽飬ÿһʿɳľɳ˺ͳjͽǣһ˶ЧҵΪ֮ǰӵĻʵҲûеĸá
˼ߵͷ칧
ͻӪأϿȻ죬ʵһֱ൱Сģҽĸ֣Ǵ󽫶˼ڣʱŴ״һκεĶͻ㱨˼
ʵʾ˶СĹͷˡݸûκε⡣
ܺã
˼һҲ͸һ˿οЦݡ
һ˻ر뱲׷Ѱġ󡱣һ̣䣬һ̿ʼպͻʺڣһжýȻͬ
ڣڵˡ
˼΢΢һЦܿתӪʡ

գ
ڶ˼Ӫʵʱ˭Ҳûע⵽ͻӪصһңңԣȴȻ෴ĵطһȫװͬͻĴһԶͻʴԼйƣѸٵĻعͷԶ۳Ҷȥ
þ챨ү
ֻһգۣʧӰ١

ΡȻʵ˹ǣ֮߰ǧɺͼӹ̣ѾĨȥеսۼǱ͵ص׵ʮɲرΪһ壬Խ׳׳ҲԽԹơ
һ棬Ʋ˴ļϵ߷ҪáһȺǿϵ⵼ΧĴԪӿ֮УʹʮɲرõĲ䣬ñǰӵļ̡
˹⣬ҹͣؼӹ̣Ҳ⣬ȡ֮ǰĽѵ֮Щǽ⣬ļ̣ʹЩ֮ǽԽԹơ
ͬʱ֮֯ǽĵײ˴ˮˮ̣ΪʹõӳغԺĴƾӣ֮䣬ҹʱս
ʱ˿̣ȴڸǽ֮С
ңԶһһ˶һ޴ʯϣһ
յˣ
ǰһ

ҰϣĵģֻһءǵĴϢĶ棬һͷȻſһͷ׺ݰԵ˿˵еľԳ
ԳƤ΢΢ţ˫ɺûǰıỤ̋΢΢͸һЩɽͰӴ壬Ҳ·ɥʧһڴ͸¶һ˿ƣ̬
ҪǣԳԭϢҲ࣬вһ㣬ƺʱϨ
սѾˣԳȻڻţ֮ǰԤƵʱӳࡣԳڵ˹ӵо޴ãֻҪԳһ죬ƾжһ׼ʱ䡣˹ءͻʺʹʳͶһ첻
ΪӳԳѾþ˸ַԳҰ֮УԶ˹֮ǣͬʱջؾþԳʶԳȲܵһ˺Ҳڱܵʹ˺˹еĴƾӡ
ǼˣԳ֯˻ήҲ޿ɱġ
ʼʱԳԼʶʹأ𣬵ڣջؾٿԳҲ൱İڵһȫɥʧɡ
֪ԳĿˡ

Գ΢΢Ĵɺ壬ƺ͸һ˿ĸ飬вһ£̲סЩȻԳֻһͷûǻۣǺͷԳսˣôûһء
ʱ仺ȥ֪˶ãԭһľԳ壬ͻȻһȻûκεĶ̾ϢһǰȥϾŵƤ
ټˡ
һ˿ɫξԳˡ
ҰоĵģӥΧķûһϢ岻ûͷҲ֪ǧɵĵط˫۾ĬĬĿǴʳˡ˹غͻ˵ĳ
Դսһֱͣҹɳ򣬲̽ԳĶȴžԳϢ
ֻҪԳһʱֲˡٻΪƶӮһʱ䡣
գ
ڳ˼ʱͻȻյӥУԶƥûκεףͻȻͷ볯ʱķ򱼳۶ȥ
ţ
һоʲôѸٵŤͷ˹֮ǵķֻ̳һȺ۶һۣ߱һѸٵķֳĸӪɷֱͻʡ˹غʹʳĳ׷ȥʣµԼķ򱼳۶
̽ôˣͻǱ߳ʲô𣿡
΢΢һЦųԼ۹ĳǧϯԪ죬ˡ
ô֪
ǧһû뵽ԼûڣѾµʲô
ǺǣûʲôѲµġ˹½ܣ϶ưոݣһں󷽼ӡʧô󣬴ʳʱҲʲô̫ĶڴǱߣػ³ﶼˣ˹ص۹Ǳ߿ûжʣˡΨһʣµҲֻͻǱˡ˵ɣ˼Ǳôˣ
嵭ȻһЦ
һӵ飬˵жʱüޱȡ
̽˼õ֮ҹҪǣǷżϵݣǾȻ󣬶ʿǰȣΪ˲
ǧĬƬ̵ܿ⡣
Ͷ˼׵飬һȫȨ𣬾鲻ǳǧﻹǸ֥Ǻǧ޻ɣ̽⼸յĻرȴЩ
壬ȷţżϵûд𣿡
󣬳ǧﻹ̲ס˳
ƺͻڽս˼ʹȻˣȴû룬ڶ·ϣѾһࡣͻġ١֮ʵɾʲô
ͻôѾʵ
ԤϣǧĻ۾һϲ·ʲôϢһ
⡭
ǧﱾ׷ʼ䣬ķӦһʱסˡ
̴ˣİɣ˼Ҫ󣬸ûôסʵϣһЩİҲԲܡΪͲͨ·
嵭Ц򶨴ݣһ˳ᢣ۷
ǧһʱסˣΪ˴©Բô缱ǵĹǧҲǼʶ㣬鼫ḻĶ佫ıԷ棬Ҳ֮ǵսǰǧﲻòϣԼġıá
ֶκıԣһۼ׽


1020 ɺʹ
ԺҲˣ˼ı㣬ļأѰķҪƭֶǸܵģҪһƭУʹһǳֶΡҵĲûԼյ󣬶˼ӦòľȥʼԼˡ
Ӿ޴ʯվ£ޱȣ
ҪʨϹʨӳ⣬ӣ棡
ǧ漴ʲô

Ժһͷ˼żݡ
ĩʱȻص㣬Ϳ̿ѧȴǴﵽǰδеĶʢ״̬޵УؼյĹУž֮׳Լǻۣо˲ͬİ汾
а汾Уһ˶׹ĩ˽֪ģǾһλ˵ʿоİ汾һĳ̶ֳ汾
֮ԻһжҲΪʲô֮Ϊںа汾У
ڵзУأ˺ܶ⣬չһֱ⣬кܶΪѾʧˣ֣Ҳʱ򣬴
ԵЧƴΪ֮̾ܶоǿߣ׷׷еĹĽȥڳ֤֮汾Ѹھƹ㣬Ҳ˴Ƴ硣
Ϊ汾ĳз׵ͣǸʱ˶Ϊؼˣ汾ռ״̬
Ǻܿ죬汾ʾ޴ȱݺͿºͺïܵɭﾣʱȴһֱͨͨɽ˵ϲǿ֪ģû뵽ͨͨһ߸ߵ¡
һ֮ڣĸֺʼֳңᣬѪеȣһʱ֢֮״Ѹټأ˺ڣ˳߻ħ̱֢״
һĻ˶ˣ֮нֹͣһȻѾˡ
ʼʱֻΪʲô©ͶԼǻۣϣܹҳ⣬ֲ©ʵԯޣԽо󣬾ԽǷӵ޷ֲȫ˴һ·ϣԶյ㣬ԽʵԽߣܵĻԽڻѷ׵ʧȥ˻ͷĻᡣ
һԽԽ˷˶е⡣
ѵȻıǺõģҲˣɵΣȴȫ޷ģûǲ֮˾ͳ׵ʧˣû֪ȥ
汾£ȡ˽ѵ¿ʼзȻպķʱ䣬һΪ˵һ·飬ռ˵ֹϵؼա
˼ˣƻһͷǾԲϹġҪǣ֪ĩ֮ǰ˼ɳ֣ǱڵأѰЩоˣǿ°ᣬʱ򣬶˼Ҳǻ֮һ
һӵִˣЧͿ֪ʱ˼̵סŹ֡
û⣬ȶ˼ʽ֮ı׶˾ͻڶ˼֣λͻʵǴ󽫣ԱԼ۷弶۹󽫵ˮ׼ˣеһڶ˼°ӳ±ʱѾעֻĽ
ԭ˼֮УȻˣһҾͻر󶼻ԺͻǱ߾Ͳ̽ˡ
ǧ滺࣬˶٣ŵ
ˣ⻹һ飬˹֮һλĿˣһȥ
Ŷ
дΪ棬˹Ǳյأ治֪ʲô˻ʱϹһʹø֥ɳǧԼ
߰ɡ

˹ڵУء̤ȥһ۾Ϳ˳ǧеġˡȻλ˵ɲǣ׼Ҳ̲סΪ֮Ȼ
ǧеλˣԼһװ˸ߣĿ˰ĳһŨܵĺ룬վڴΧ˸롣òϣ˺ر𣬷ǺʹĶִʳЩơ
һ̣Ŀӹϵ֯۹΢΢һ£Ժһͷ
ˣǡ
ŤͷһųԵĸ֥Ŀ͸ѯʵɫ
壬á֮ǰ˴У㱻ǵ˵ɴʳɱһֱ󺰴УмŹ֣Ԫ١Ԫٸ˵ǴʳˣǺɺˣҪ鱨ҪǡһֱǿҪſ˵Ļڡ
Ŷ
һ˿ɫܿŤͷɺˡ
Ȼˡ
ոտ˵ʱо²⣬û뵽ľǺɺˡֻһ廹ףɺ˹ＫԶڴʳ۹ĸش˿֮·ϵĴֶ̼ٵִ˵塣
ʵڲףЩĺɺô֪ԼָһҪԼ
үϸѯʹˣȷʵǺɺˡɺ˺ʹʳ˲ͬṩһЩ
һϤڶԪٿ۴䣬Ķţ
ǸƵͳ˧
ʱ򣬴Ǹʯĺɺ˺Ȼ˵ˣһ˫ɫĶ塣һԣԪɫ΢Ѹٵ˷Ľɫ
֪ң
˵ͷ΢΢

Ԥϣɺҡҡͷŵ
˵㣬˹Ѫܶ˹֡˹ǴʳسҲǺɺĳˣһսްܼݻ˲֪ٹȡܹӢۡ
漴Ц⻹һδһĺɺ˿Уôߵۡ
ǵ˵ҪңмҪ鱨ָ֪鱨ʲô
忪żɽ
˹ǵĳˣʳӻɺǺʹʳǰֵ߽ʱʳ˵ľ˾źĲӾں¾ǵˣɺʬ塣Ǻǣӵйͬĵˣ
߸ݵĺɺ˺۾
Ϊ⡣˭Ҳ֪ڴʳ󷽵ĺɺ顣ĸо
ɺʱûм֪ɺ°֥ڣ֪˶Ƿë۽ǡȴ֪һʱһ׹ΪԺյ֣˹
崥ģɺ˻ᵽļ֡
ľ˾ţֲһֱûмԭںѹɺ壡
Ժд˷


1021 ɺ鱨
ļУ˹֮սľ½ԭųսǿĵһӦóġΪԼĽ룬֥˹֮ǣһսʱΪǰ޾ų֣ľ˾ȴ˺ѹɺ塭еһж˴ƫ
ǰĺɺһ
ʳҰĲǶսûġһεµɺһξǶ硣˹ֻ㣬Բյ㡣
ɺ˼ɫ֣ޱȡ
͸֥źۼĻ࿴һۡɺȷʵЩ⣬Դʳ˵жϣ塢֥жȫһޡ
ϣõʲô
ͻȻڵ
ϣܹһԸʳ
߸ݵĺɺ˳
ǻ֪˹ȻʱսܣѾµıʳǿ֮ܶһսܶײͿܶ˹Ѿǰ˹֧Ԯ˹֡
ײڴʳպʵȰ˹ֻҪǿĹȣϵ£ȫɱ⣬һҪǣͽƣǿ˵ıټϰ˹ֵģһս˹ʮ
ˣ
仰͸֥ڣ˻ıɫ
һսǴơ˹ءͻʻǴʳʧء˹ֻǵԴƵӰ컹̫󣬵㼯ôʳµʮôⳡսö˼䲻
ԴĿǰ˹ıܶԸʮĴʳοһ˹־ͺѶԸˣʳܶ˲롣
УΪ˹ֵʧܣҲ˴ʳʵ۹﷢ע⡣֮ǰֻǰǵһͨĹȣڣײͰ˹λܶԮԱ﷢Ѿǵ˴ʳĿǰǿĵˡܶϣһҲֻǰʳɺʱֹ
߸ݵĺɺ˳ޱȡɺѾʳͼ֮ڣһǧƽĴʳ۹ɺĸشռռϢ
⣬ʳԺս޷ʧܣѾ׼˴ʳҰġѾкܶʳܶע⵽޷ס˹׻ײͰ˹ǣôܶǵıԴԴӿ붫ֱΪֹ
¡¡һʯǧˣɺ˵һ䣬Ȼ󲨡
ˣ
Щʳ̫ˣΪǰС𣿡
и߾˹ءگͻʺЩǣƣԴƵʵѵԸһ˹𣿡
ʳܶѵû̫̫ûھУͬ˻ʦʮʳѵѴƵЩީС𣿣ǳʳ˺ҳݣ

ڽŭѡֻ͸֥гأĬƲȱٱҲȱٶĴ󽫣˵ķŭһҲ˵˴ƵǾܱߵĵ̫ˡ
Ƶʮڶ󽫣а˳϶ǣڱ߾á
ũ壬ͻʡʳЩȫͬġľԷΪְػЩũͨڣͻʺʹʳΪսΪսźΪʹ
һսʳ˿ԵıԱܹﵽ˳ɣǴƲͬһ߾սͬʱλ۹൱ˡһļУڼǧһʱգҲδı
ϣϣ
أͻȻڵ
ǰͺɺ˴δӴЩˣٻ˵
ɺ͡սηڱʳļʮȻǿĵֿսݣһ˵⡣
ڴʳ˵Ⱥ
ںɺɺһ֧Űǧ˵İɺǿҲǴʳҪҳٵ֮ԵľҲΪ˶Ըǰ
߸ݵĺɺ˳ĬƬ̣ͻȻ˵һ˶벻Ļ
ڴʳɺĩڣ۹ʵΪպָðֱ۹ʳҲҲɺ֧ҲǴʳ﷢Ĳ⼸ʮ꣬һһΣ۴ʳںɺפ˶ٱܸʹ
Բ׵˹ܴʳˣײ˹ֺͰ˹Ǿܹǳ˵ʱǣش
¡
ͬһ£ʵڸ߸ݵĺɺһɲǣĶ߾֮ʯ
֧񣬰
ɺҲǺɺ̣ѪĴҲĻԻͣһѪ
׶Իܰ˹֣ش˴ʳˣǵע⣬ǺɺϣɺϣˣҲͬĽֻɵڶ׶ε񣬳׵Ļܴʳпܻúɺ˵⽫պʹᶨѣ
ɹ2000㣬ͬʱôİİʧܣ۳4000㣬һ죡
ע⣬ֻһΣʧܣͺɺ˽κνϵǺɺ˵һΣҲһζԴ֦

һͬٲХ£⣬˭Ҳ
վʹסˡΪ֮ʯΪ֮ʯ͸¶Ϣ

½ϣԿŵǰǿΪͬ壬ͬ䡢ս壬ɺʹʳ۹ź֮ܶǿڵ±Ԫ˧λãɾͱʥ֮ǰ㷺ĶоͰѾɺ
ɺǿǰͬʳ۹ľһ˫֮ͬսͬǿд˵ľĳ֣ʵ൱ಿֽ˽ߵɺİ
Ϊ߽ͻԻ͵ʱ䣬Ҫľö࣡
֪У֧ɺǿӦڼʮǰѾ׵ʧʷĳ֮Сû뵽ȻһַʽٴϢ
û˵͸֥һۣ˶ӶԷпͬ˼
ƸոϾһսڱȱ״̬ЩɺʲôҪ󣬶ڴ˵ûκεĳͻӰ죬ңܹЩɺ˵İǵڴʳ˵ĸشһŶӣʱܹõڵĴ˵Ϊϡȱ鱨ϡ
Ԫ죬һ£ȥúд⣬Ԫ鷳˵Ҫͬˣţƺɺ֮䣬Ȼܹι̵ꡣ
ǣ
ϯԪԪͬʱӦǡ


1022 ʦż㣡
һ˰ɺ뵽֮УϯԪԪ٣дһϸµѯһЩĵİɺͳ˳⡣
壬ɺ˵ĻҲˣǲ
ȵ˺ɺˣ֥ǰüͷ壬硣˹жǿ˶ĿõģһȭԺ;ԳƴͰ˹ͬܶԼıݣԺ˹Ŀǰζֵסġ
û˵Ŀ¶ͬĵǡ
֥˵β֪ʳܹõıʵǱȴƶ̫ˡ
ֻѡ񡣵һ˱ŴʳĴģ֮ǰ뿪˹ơԴ޺ͻڵʵһԵֵ
֥
һǾͻᶪʧ˹֮ǡڴʳ˶ʺشһ뿪ͺҵսҪءһ룬ͻ밲½ǰܹʳ赲˹Ǳ߲Ų䣬һôʳ˽밲ʱܱܲͺ˵ˡ
ҡҡͷ
֥˵ģֺγû·вͨĿǰ˹ԵĻֻһʳͻʺ˹أ˵꣬ԵĿ»Ҫ
ʱĴֻ±ڸ⡣
ұһ£ԭѾ뵽ˡ˹·ϣӦѾˣȫˡ˹ûбܣҲڣˡ򣬵ʱֻӵĻҡ»һʳ򣬷ǡʱ⻼ˡ
Ӫٶأ֤˵ͳζʧܵģ
˵仰֥ͷһ̾¶һĴܸкʧС
ӪʮأΪս񣬵һ˹֮սһЩӶ֮⣬Ҳ֮֡УԸⳡսơпڴ󣬵ʳⲻò˵һʧܡ
˽ĸ֥ôܹܣ
촽ţֹ
ƶ̫ᡣо仰˵úãη¡˼ǧʱ¡ʢУ뵱ȻΪ˻һĻ塣ȫһԸˡ
ֻͨһַ򣬡ǿΪ𡱣ҪĽֻһǿߡڡᡱ塱Ǹûκ塣
ֲܹͬȴ뵱ȻƼˣɹˡ
ڴսڼȴʱ򡣶ңĻ̨߳кܶԭ򣬲ȫڸ֥
˲𣬴ƻδֵزһսδػܡڰ飬һսȥҲǲ١
尲ο
š
֥˵ͷܿعǰһǴ򶨣¶ĵ㣬ڳǧⳣǰҲˡܺ˵ЩȻҲǰ嵱ƽۺ֪ܶ
ǧͷⳣȻҲиԵĲŸɣš书ıԡվǲ˵㡣Ը֥ǰ̸۵ʱ򣬻ø֥ô̹Ȼ޾ϸȫгģҲֻˡ
ȷʵûеһ˵սصѡ˹ҪԶõöࡣңһ˾򣬴ʳ˾ͿʱƵ¤½أǷӵĲΣǶԲ뿪˹
֥
Խֻʣһ·ˡǱ뾡͢Ԯ
˵ͷһ㣬͸֥Ŀȫһ¡
˹ǴʳĶܶͳҲһͬƵİһټܶʾȫͬˡǸɺ˵˵ײͳǴʳı൱һ˹֡һһܶ˹
˵ʳʵ۹﷢׼ľ˾ɹ
ⳡսʣһѾȫˡսʽһֲսһģսʳۼıٴﵽĳɣӴĹģƾ͸֥һбǸġ
ҺͶ˵Ŀıϡֻǣھе̫ǳ޷˵͢飬»Ҫϡ

ģһһ飬ʹһսϵش󣬾ɺ˵ģʳ˵Ұ޾ֻҪǹռ˹ʳ˾ͻڴԶӵ˹غͻѣȻеĴʳŻӱ´ƽǰδеĴС
֥ΪһܳĶ󽫣֥ĿҪȺܶ˶ҪͳԶ
ֻǵģڳûвսһսԣҲһսʧԵĽʲôʱͲӮһ˹֮սôˡϻ¶ȺǶһӵϡҳлһϵˣԹĶǸҹΣоһ뾡취ȫǵ顣⡭
ڵĳ͢ޱð
˵󣬸֥һ̾
˹һսȥʮż͢ԮģҲԼ͢ııȫ廨ؽӶġ
󶼻ݣµʱ䣬ĶֻƵĴ֪
ĬȻɲǼ䣬š
֥˵᲻ףǴƲǴʳӵ̫ˡܱߵĵڶ࣬ıж֮ڡЩǣסǣѾ൱ˡ
ֹˣ֥˵ģʼǸ޴谭
ˣ
尵ͻȻһͷҪˣӺƽ֮Ҵһϵʼһ޴谭һΣоǸ޴вΪǴƣڳ֮С
˷ģ͢飬谭Ҳа취ֻҪ˸׼ź
֥ѯʵҲû
һ⡭͸үүġ
֥һ漴Ȼ˲¶һ𾴵ɫƾŹʢ࣬Ĵ֮ͬʱҲǺʥһƻԻ͵Źس˲֪˲
оŹ棬ȷʵȫͬ
֥Ե
ŹµĹĿõģûľĸ´ƺ͵µһ˷ʢҾŹĹֹκھҲмΪܳĹס
нĳξðŹΪ࣬ҲмĹ͡
ҪǣŹܹˣʥʼ壬ϣŹܹ¾ŹѾˡˣķУŹҲٲֳ£ǷǳҪ飬Źʡ
һǼΪѵõġ


1023 Զı仯
ˣڵֻܴӱھ󶼻֮Ҳ֪ܷȡһЩ
忪ڵ
Ƶľ飬ӣ̫У֥Ϊ⣬׿ڡھе͸ص佫֮䣬һڱţ֮⡣
ͥǱߣıģҺͱͥ󶼻˼˳Щ飬棬ͥǱĻӦûǿԽ赽ġҹƣӦܹõǧǧı
֥Ƭ̺
ֻܽ赽ǧǧıǾͳıԱͥǱҲ̫Ӱ졣

ţ
֥˵ͷ󾫶࣬һĿȫһ¡ҰǴӴƸصıоϸѡģûа취Ǿ;׷ҲǸ֥һصġ
⻹и溲פ¤˱ͥ⣬˵ǾġұսˣӦҲܸṩһЩ
֥ĬƬ̣΢΢͸һЩɡ
ֻǣҺ͸溲֮䣬ƽº˵
ͽҰɡ
΢΢һЦѾ֪ô¡еĺ˴У溲˵ģĽĻ˵һڴľǻĺ˵ûá̫ٱεģȻӾΪλսЯǨ֮·ǳ졣⣬ĺ˲ͬ˶Ǻʿֻ࣬и溲µıռųϡ
һǽȻͬġ
ϣǸ֥죬ǰ˼˳ֻĺ˽죬͸溲֮Ȼȴһ˿ҡ溲֪һ㣬ƽغǵҲ࣬ûбҪ飬ϵ
Һ͸溲֮仹ǿһЩ飬ӦûܴҪһЩ

֥Ȼ漴뵽ʲôһȻ֮ǰͰʨϤŵ߹»սУʧ޴һƥͻս溲ºܶ˶֪溲ıܹҲһƥѩ̿ȼü֮
һ˵溲Ƿһ顣
ˣҲֲ
֥̾ϢӱͥǱҪǧӸ溲ҪǧҲֻǾǧڵս˵Ǳˮн
Ǻǣˣɽǰ·ƻǴƣԶûеɽˮĵزֻǱǣ˱ѣޱáֻҪһվܹٱġޱãҲҲһʮ𣿵֮ǻλ㱨͢ɡ
Ԥϣ巴Ц
˵ǣ
֥漴Цʱ仺ȥλ˹˧־͸ϸ̸˺ܾãҹĻһʱ䣬Ÿ˯ȥ

ܿ죬ʱ֣𶯣һֻֻӥѸٴ˹֮з˳ȥ˷


һֻֻӥ밲УΪ˹ĵطⳣյϢġ
ļ
ⳣŷ⣬֥ױдźһסˡ֥еݷǳ򵥣ϣⳣ԰ʹƵһ֧Ϊرսʤ֮󣬽ؽл
ڵİﻹжٽ
ⳣ忴ţпЦΪ֥ͺڷҪĻţû˱ȷⳣװĴȻ˸ʯ൱һֲƸʯĹͨصˣջԶ紫˵ôࡣսһĲƸ֥׸˳͢ͻңʣµĲ֣нӽһ뱻֥˱ϡ
Ǹ֥;ϵҪ൱̰һƸǲġʣµķ֮һ֥Լһ֮⣬ȫָ˰ĽʿԼһսĸ»ͰǺ
԰ѾûʲôȥļˣΪⳣҲں޲ˡ
̰ƣûһϲģȻڿƭǣһЩսһòļӣʱŻ
ⳣ忴еţ硣
֥ᵽļڰ˽ļûоͬ⣬ڼƻ֮⣬͢ǲΪ˸ģֻԼ취
ıͲ࣬Ҳв˶٣Ϊ¿ʵԺȫޣʤҲ⣬ڷⳣ忴ʵڲȡ
һ̣ⳣ忴źһ֣ʱסˡ
岻صǣļ飬аţһˣд
ô򵥵һ֣ʱ÷ⳣסˡ
󶼻ʲôʱѾô׽ˣ֮ǰǻи𣿶ļĽѾô£ʲôѾд
ⳣܿ췴Ӧѵ˵˹μĹĸһţ⣿ⳣ巭һ£Ȼԭŷ£ַһż㣬ּ͸֥ȻͬȻŤŤȴֲʧһָվķǡ

ⳣܿ췴Ӧż㣬ϸۿʼʱ򣬷ⳣ廹ֻǵ˺ԽԽ棬ҲԽԽ࣬żı顣
ʳҪս⳥ս⳥ļַĳûбõļƲˣ
ⳣһеżϣ̲סЦһΪԼϣ쿪ƣû뵽Ҫ쿪Ȼ뵽һսʤ֮ʧܵһҪֲսеʧڴƻδй彫֮Ϊսս
˵װףʧܣʧ꽵ʳȻҲòſļ⡣ʤˣҲԽһӴʳҪ֧ĳԷⳣ嵣ĵһͲڡ
ǧգñһʱӪٶ꣬ҲΪƶսһЩʱˣ
һоͰ˵˼ɡ
ⳣĿѩܿһԵıʼȡһ֧Ǻʣֽ̯ܱʼ顣

һֻֻŸ뻮գ˿֮·Уܿ죬ؽ磬ֻӥ飬Ӱе¡
Ҫʼ𣡡
պɽɫеż㣬ɫû˿⡣飬һżɷ飬ֽм׷״ָգպɽһͷѸ䳡ȥô˿֮·ļİǧɽˣȫĿףۼͦ¶Ϣﻹһɽ˵ӡ


1024 
µʱ䣬ЩһɢɳƵɽպɽѵ£ɱϸսʿһ㣬ãҲѡϣƺȻһĽ˧츳ܹͨߣѵɿɿһõսʿ
ֹˣպɽĹϵټգļ˸ɽˣڵѾӵ˽ӽɽɵ¾
ţ
պɽϣγȻ¡
ɲǼ䣬ɽɵ¾Ѹ¶ףң׼䣬̶ХУǧܴƳţһǧɾʦӵܲݵĳһ𷢶ǧͬѸ䴩˶İġǿ÷顣

ԶÿһĻҲ˵ͷ
ٶȣһ£֧󲿶ӾͿó׽ѵˣ
óңСĿȾĸ佫֪ҼѬգҲڱԷȻ͸һȣѰ벻ķۡպɽͬǵһοһӵ˾˵츳츳Щ佫޷֮⡣
츳׼ﵽ󽫼
СܵЩʲô˰
ипѣһͻȻЩΪʲôպɽں󷽣Լһˡ
ݣ
йâһܿعһ䳡һ˳ȥ
ϣ
һս˻ھ복󲿶ӼĵطһϢǿ籩һ̤⻷̳䳡ϳ۳ҶЩнֹ¶ϢЩ󳵲ȫͬն
ǰ˹ڶǧ˵Ҳ˳Ĵ˸ϵһȫٵĹ͡
˹֮սͬСɣϵɽգһٵʹ£˴ɳҲǰǿ٣ٻ侳˴˶뵽˶֮С˴˵ʵӹɣǻȱϵͳľѵҲ顣
ͣ
ͻȻ̳дһ䡢䣬ս˻һƥɫͻǧӱڵķ
ʲô𣿡
ͣھĵطڵͦɫǺպɽż֮
Ķ磬Ϊϵ˴Ҳӵмߵţ첿ѵҪ鼸Ǻýӡײ˴ѵһ¡
ʱ䲻ˣ˹ţһ£Ǿͱս
ó
˴󲿷ִԴӣھϵҲû̫˽⣬ﲻͬ˴ڼΪĽ˧֮šܶϵ飬ȲֻҪһ£ᣬͨԵ˺ڣƽѵһ˾Ϳɡ
ˡģòһ£ʮͿɣ
û˿Ĳ
һ䣬Ѹתٴ֮Уѵ
иͣ죡
һ£ǧͬˮ׹أͻȻ俪˷


һ·Խɽ룬֮һֻֻɫӥѸٷ뾩ʦ֮Уû뾩ʦط
ķݣïһԲεˮһββڶˮԣһɽհףʱ˿̣һŰɫ۵Ⱥͣһ۵ϣĬĬ
һ㴹˲ͬ˵ֻ˿ҶûйڰգûˮСˣˮȴۼ˿·һЩĬĬε˽²Զ뿴ϵˣͺɫʹЩˮ̲ס׽
΢΢۾ɫ񵭣һƺĻ԰ˮء㣬Ϊһ壬ֱ˴ˡ
Զһֽͷ˵ıӰ¶𾴵ɫ

ʱһͻȻҴҵĽŲУһֽŲأ֣Ҵҳˮر˹
ˮըˮеȺͺܵһѸɢ˷ԭ׵˲䵴Ȼ޴档
ô£Ǹ߹㣬ŹʱϽţѵͨͨ𣡡
һԣһֽͳ죬첽˹ȥסŵĽ
ˣ˹Ϣ
ŵĽһ֣صķݵĹﲻϢͬСɣοżϻӸִӡ
ҲУѵͲܵһ𡭡
ֽһŭɫ
ǳϢ𣿡
ʱһϴͻȻ仰˶һͷ
ؾŹǰĴ󶼻֥ˣ
ŵĽͷ
ˮرߣɫ۵ɫ΢תͷ
ǷøҰɡ

ھŹյ֥ŵͬʱһ࣬ಢңԶ̫͵УңԶ˹ţһذըһڴƵĳ͢ɲ
ԲУ˹ʤˣΪʲôҪ
˹ֲǴƵȻʤˣӦóذ֥˹ʲô˼
ʲô᧿Σʲôˣʳ˵ôôܱǻܣΣҿǾҪӵأ
£Ҫ֥壬ͣ¹ͣҪѱ飬ҪҪЮ͢

ϡȺ鼤ߡ͸֥볯ã˾޴顣
䣡䣡һ֮أ͢Ѿһǧƽôˣǻô
һĳرҡ
Ҵ겻ʲôûмѵĻᵹһ֪ʲôطީС𣿡

һĳͻȻУľԡ
ƣ£˵𣿡
ʲô䣬Ӱ¤ѵ÷ǵͿزſϰϾλѵ𣿵룡
£ҪĻҹ£󣡡

ĳķԣͬ˳͢ϵ佫ŭһ佫ҳ´ǡĹԹźųƵڳ֮ϣ֮󣬴󲿷ʱ佫òĳһβͬе佫վ˳ͷԵĳԡ
˹֮սԽ˽Ķ࣬Խ֪εĵжôǿ֥˶˵ˡ˫⣬ܹԿԼǿ֣ⳡü䲻ס
ʱ͸ֻ֥㱨֧͢ԮǱضΣ˼㡣
ϵλ۹󽫣۹ʱõʱ֮δϾ϶ſƣһΣ͸֥һۣƻõĳ׵ı˳
ɫ£һĻЦ



1025 ǣ
һ͢һֱ˰ǰδеļҡĻʱ֣һĽɫӻʹĹսʻ˳ϣ硣
£˹鲻˳𣿡
һԣϹܼ˫£ĵʱҲгϲ˳ʱ򣬵Ǻ硣
š
˵ͷϹܼǰû
·ģ˹һµģҲԹһͨˣ
Ϲܼҿο

仰̲ס̾Ϣһ
ֻĶ͢ϷԣˡһβͬһηԵĲֻǴԸԵģǴƵĳ
ˣ仰Ϲܼ˲Ĭˡ֮ϹܼҶڳϵһٹעҲ֪ǱȵҪζԳĲǳеĳʾȫͬ
ֻޱȣ
ƳƽʮأѾԽԽϰƽ͵ӣսҲԽԽֻһнֻǿʼ

ϵԽԽңⳡۣʳ֣ƽͷβҲԽԽ꣬ʳ˹ءͻԼ˹Щ֣ԽԽƵĳھ¥֮С
ʦ۴ʳ˵ʱһֻɫצĶųƵĶ֮ӪأУثϥأһ죬нӹǷ⾩ʦšӪﾲĵģΧеĻţĿȫƶһϡ
һȮ壬ûо˵ĴƳƽ˹ǸСʧˣһսʧˣ˵͢ƫƫʤˣҪ̸͢ס
ˣ˹ھʦֵķз͸֥˵ʳʮ˹һʤԴԴϵıӿһʳôʵԵж٣
ʱһͻȻԿͻȻڵɫΪ
Ȼģ
Ԥϣث붼û룬ȷ
¤ҲŹʳͣϲսĹѾ˲֪١ʱҲ˽ȥѼһЩ鱨֪Է顣ԵʱҾжϣһɽݶδʳʹ֮һս͢涼Ϊ֥Сӿǣȴ֪Ǿûӡ۾֮ɷͬСɣ
Ӫڽһסˡ
ڵ˹ңԶﶼ˭Ҳû뵽ȻԶڶʮǧԼҶȴָƣ𡣲ܿ죬˾ͷӦ
ٺ٣Ը֥ڵ״̬ڵıԲ˵ʳʮϯûг͢ԮǱɣ
ߣֵ˭֥һ书ûа취Ǵȣֻ˼ʤ̣͸սΪܺʹƽƽҲ룬˵ĹܱȵġǸСӣǽ֮ңȻھʦжײǿһ˹漱ҵҪԺƾʲô˶
ͽоȡ

Ӫ˶ЦһϷɫܸ֥壬ڰ˵ʲôö֥ثûʲôأϴھʦɱ˰ʷǡɣ󶼻澡ʧ˶ʲôɫ
ثӪڣһֻߵ棬Ц

ʱһͻȻδ䣬һĴ˫һż㣬첽Ӫڣϥأ
ˣ˹֮ţ˹Ŀ
ˣ
һ䣬ӪһƬţšĿȫӪڵǸثҲüͷʶŤͷ
˹ǻ֮أڴͳϽ֮ǰû֪ڣԶݵؽˣ֪ˡ
ˣô£˹ôʱдŸǣ
ثλҲ࣬һò͵ĺˣŰɫۣͻȻüͷ
Ӫڵ˽Ȼͬһ˫ѩ׵üݵؽ磬û˲ʶ
ޣ
ثµثݵؽɵĺͽ׼𣡼ͳս
ڽثҲĬ
ţʲôͼıſһ֪ˡ
ثȻһЦһ˵ţһ߳·Ĵ֡
ܿ죬ثӴнӹż㣬һ飬ɫѸٱùŹ
ȤȤ
ثͻȻһЦӪڵһ
ˣôˣ
޵
ǺǣȤ˹ǸСӣȻԮɳһ֧һ֮
ثЦ
ʲô
ǣôܣǵʧķ𣿡
óǰ֧Ԯǣ̫߳

һʯǧˣӪڣ˶ˡǰŲŸոᵽ˹ˣžյǵԮšҲ̫ˣ
ث΢ûбֻ̬ǵһЦеżݸ˰޺Ӫڵڽ
ԿޣǴһ£˵˵ô룿
ʶӹż㣬Ӫڵ˴һ顣
ˣҾŲᡣ˹г͢ȥãֲǷԡݺ˹ңԶ֥СӾҪԮҲӦǣ˵˺г𡣡
޿żҲ
˹ΣأΣӦǵԮ
ԿĿأ
ث΢΢һЦһԵĸԿ
ˣĩͰ޵ĿһţΪòġǵûյͿˡ
Կ
Ӫڣ˶˵ͷȻԿһĿث屾йڣүү䵱ثҪث˵Ѿλˡ
ٺ٣
ثһߵͻȻ˵һ˴㵲ѵĻ
ԿޣǸҶ꣬ӺܾǰǾѾ̤׼𣬵ֱڣȻ𡣶ǸҵСӣһѾ󶼻λã֪Ǻ𣿡
ˣ
Ӫ˶סˡԿͰҲһ㵣ǱΪ˺йڣһβ۴ĸ濴ڿˡ
ҺСӣ˽˽¼棬Ҿɱ֣СԹΪǽɽ𢡣ʱ˽Ϲܾ֤ثСһӶȲҲ֤䵱ĻǶԵġ
ң˹»ãһ£պ׷ԮȴǾܾ£Ϊù͢ʥ𣿡
ثһ仰˵ӪڵѻȸһľֻŰйڣȴûһ㣬ث꣬Ҳ֪ʥʵһЩ·պй¶·ͬСɡ
ǴˣСӶζײˣѵҪҪЮ𣿡
ԿͰ޵˶һĲʡ


1026 Ƴ
ʥʵȻͬСɣǾΪСһžҪɱȥЩԽܡ
ٺ٣ҪЮҲ̫߿Сˡ
ثȻһЦ
ȻҪȴΪСӡԿޣǸҼס󽫱ƴĲֻʵΪߵȡǰѵһδɵСӣ
СӲҪ֧ԮǧԿޣǸѡǧر͢˵ثȻݣϵ͢𢣬ԸǧԸ֧Ԯ˹
һ䣬ث۾һ£⡣
ԿͰʼһɻ󣬵ǱϾث꣬˺ܿͷӦ
ثֱɳǧ壬Ǿ֮˽£ثɳͬʱдŸ͢Ǿثͳ͢£ǰ͢ʥʾҡȻһŶ𣬵ڣѾû̫ϵˡ
ֹˣ뵽˸һ㡣˹ΣʱһӦɳԮôպ󲻹˹֮սʤǰܣڲ֮أͬʱҲ֤͢Լġ
ͻΪ
⣬һֱҪΪ࣬ǴƵŹʱ˹ʩԮ֣պ˵˼һ
ǣĩף
ȥ

󶼻յ˹ŵģԶֻһثͥУнüһãͥ󶼻˼˳òӢ䣬ڴϷ
֥Ŷ𣿡
˼˳˫΢أһĿ⣬ɨµڽ
ˣˡֱԡеı֮УȻǱͥı࣬ػı߽ȴԵĵࡣͻʺҪͻʺıӽ֮ڣң֥ǱҪͨʿҲͰˣƫƫҪĻıͥǱͥʮżǧĩΪ¾ɴӦ
ˣĩΪɡȻ󣬵˹ȴͬСɡһΣĴʳ۹ڣ֥ǵֵסʳˡôǱͥͻ׵塣ʱ򣬾ͲǼǧԽˡʵǰԼݺ
˹޳˴ʳˣͻʵǴ󽫶˼ǱͥľСɳԸ˼ʵҲڰԼ
ƣ֥ǵ𣿴ʳ˽ʮϯƾ֥ǵʵֵס˹չҪݵġʱȥѵȥ𣿡

Ժֵ֧˷ۼΪҡ˼˳ĿϷһֻĬĬ˵˭Ҳ֪ЩʲôȻʱ򡪡

գһ󼱴ҴҵĽŲ洫⣬һͥĴһż㣬Ѹٴӵ⼲
˹ţ˹Ŀ
ˣ仰˲һƬš֥Ÿոţʱôһţ
ù
һϵͻȻӴ𣬰˼˳۾˫֮бһ˵ĹâӴнӹż㣬͵һ˺˼˳ֻǿһۣ΢һ˿㵣͵ֱ塣
ߣ˼壬㻹һ޷ܾĺýװ

¤ǡ
Ѿȫָյķʢǳȫһ£ôĻֺ׳ۣڱľӪ£ǳѾȫĨȥյսۼʱ˿̣ǽ䱸ɭϣѲߵսʿ⣬ǽͷϼûгκαӰ
Ƕˣʲô뷨𣿡
ǵĳǳУ溲ϷȺȫǱмὫ죬һУһУз˼ʲôһƬء
󽫾˹ս³ԽİΣȫϵµģزסֵǱˣ
ˣ½飬Ǳϣ˹Ͱ·һϣֶԸʳ
ܣߣ¤İô죿ˣǧ˹˳û£¾ʤ̰ܣҳҰװս˿ǡԸˣǱ׶Ը𣿸οǿʮ

֮Уڽ㼺Ǻ˲ͬǵǣǷӦðξϣͦ˹밲ϣʳݺ¤˧ģģȳ˳Զöࡣ
ұ˹õϢ࣬ܵвҲء˿⣬ҲȻͬ
溲ڴϣڽۣüͷԽԽͻȻ䣬Ŀӹһͷ˼佫溲һͻȻʵ
˼ô
̰ս˼Ǹ溲ߴս֮һ׼𣬸˷Ľ֮󡣶˼Ƿ̹սú͸溲δ󽫣ıԣú͸溲λ󽫵ӣ溲Ϊұۡ
ˣ˹ضءç֧ȫϣ˹صıҲĹ£ȥټǱ˹ǿиɣʵõıѾࡣΨһģֻž¡ϵıĲӣԼһʨϤŵ߹»ѡ
˼ͷĿһ䡢ǵĹâ
ĿҲûе¤פصҪأԵǲΥ͢ʲô⣬ǿԳеġĩΪ˹Բ֧Ԯڱ֤¤ȫ£Ծǲ֧Ԯϡ
Ϊǿɳ֮ǰսΪ˹صʵֻҪ¤ľһǾͳ֧Ԯ˹⣬УֻҪɳǧĩΪ԰ǧٳǧľ񣬾ĿܣϾʵҲΪս
Ǳܹˣǧ˹ʱٷεֵס
˼䣬һλԡÿʼͷоߣ¤һһֱٵıԿĶ֣ʹڱȱ״̬ﻹ֧ԮҲǱڻ۵ԭ
鵹ûôѡ
仰˼񷴵Ц
ǳϵǧȫԴ¤в䡣д⻹ϣʲôʧ¤ǵĺۣڣҲøһᣬͬʱѪҺˡ
˲ͬ˼Ե൱ɡ
⡭
ڽ˱׼һ£ϸ˼˼˵òûеҲȷʵĿǰеİ취һӳĬ
溲ϷĿ磬شڽɨֻƬкܿ⡣
˼񣬾Ͱ˵ɡ



1027 ˷׶
˹䣬յϢԶֹڽ˶עų϶ʱûжע⵽ֻŸھӥУ˾Ǹ
źͬЩͳͳļš
ʳߵĽ̷һڷϥϻļʾһξ
һƬףȴһǿϢͬ㲻ϵͷɫԽԽ࣬ͷ϶ϸܵ亹ȻѾﵽ˼ΪҪĹͷ
ľԨĳ
ԺһķɲǼͻȻƽˣ֪˶ãͷİɫԽԽ٣ͷ亹Ҳɢڡ
ͻˣ侳أ
һظ
Դƪ֮־ҹ޿֪Ϊʲô͵ƪƺΪϣͺһ㡣ƪ£һЩⲿĻԵֵ书ͻͽ˽ľ硣
ž
ԱߵĴϣӹһɫĽУش򿪣ִȡһŸ뵰СİɫҩУ˲̷ȥ䣬ҩڻһɰҩ·ҽɽһ㣬ֵĸбը߾֮Уɵҩҩ£ϢˮǴߣεȹ˻侳صľ硣
лл㡣㣬¹øڽо޳ͷ֮ˡ
ã˵ҩҩ̧ͷĿ͸һοɫ
ʱٳӣһٷʦ˲֪˲øҲл治С
ֵʲ̫ڣֻǹĻҲڶʱڿˣƾµĴҩʵǣ׵ȹԼڽеĵλ
ڵֺ͵ССĳУξѾȫͬͳ൱ĿĽ˵ʼֻֻƾĻôѾƾǿʵӮ˵𾴡

ڳ˼ʱͻȻһ񶯵Ӵ⴫Ťͷѭȥֻһֻ׵Ÿ˴ŴȴΪŴյԵʣʼղŶ롣
ţ
һ˿ɻɫܿͻع΢΢һЦ򿪴ɫŸӭ˽ĴŸȡż㣬򿪡ֻǿһۣסˡ
ɫżϣһƬհףֻмĵطд֣

ûдĿģҲûдļˡֿż㣬üͷȴ
ô𣿡
ֿ֣૵һԼİţûʲô˼
ţֺܿƿ˳ȥ
Է糾
׼ͳ죬Ҫ˵Ǽ£ͱҪõİڵԷ糾ڽҲᶨѡ
Хֻһ־ʧӴĻʳС

ʦ⣬ĵطһӴɽһ쳤㣬ݺݵزڴϡ
ϻɽ
ƵĴѵʥɽ֮һ֮Уǰʱ̫ڻʵأھʱɽͳΪ˽ѵҪӪء
٣

һѵߺ쳹ɽͣдеɽ棬һӺ۽źɫĳһ᫵ɽɽܶȥɽߵĵطƣɰǧĽɽѵš
ɽߴһݵӣһԲεʯϣӸ£ĬĬɽµķ羰ӿ޽ǵķ˿ɲǼ䣬ɽ£¶һ˿ЦݣƵᡣ

ʱ񶯣һֻŸ뻮գͻȻϷڵķ򣬵
ţ
ݵüë˶һ˿ɫͻȻʯվסֻշµŸ롣ֻǿһۣǵЦȥɫʱޱȡ
Ȼǿˣ˹սѾϾֵزôҪ֧𣿡
һ˿ӵɫû˿ԥɽ첽ȥ

˹֮ڳжôңݵѰ˵ǼΪңԶ飬ʦɱƽ͡Ⱥ˭Ҳûע⵽һ˾Сӣһ߸ߵľƺ«һߺŸ裬һ˦߱߹䡣
ϰ壬Ǻ«Ǯһ
ġ
Ҫˡ
ϰ壬ơ
ϰ壬Ҫһ±ţ⡣

С߱򣬲һ«ˣ˼СˣҲһǺ«
;̷С׷׺кʱˣ˶СǳϤÿ춼ᵽһСƣ򼸵Сˣ޸ġ
飡
Ǻ«ʱͻȻһӰبǰС⧲͵һͷײȥ
Բ𣡡
СɫţæǸһ̧ͷǰӰСʱסˡǰ˸ߴ࣬ףǹûƽգһݲ͵ľ
壡
СһŵʱͻȻһöɫɫϣһɫĹͼǳۡ
ʦ֣
ͼС¶һϲɫ
ʦģ
үˣһţҽ㡣˵ֻҪСֵܿˡ
˵ͷһ˵ţһߴӻȡһż㣬˫ţĵ˹ȥ
ҡǰʺá
ٵһּ׵ľ̲ס˵˳˭õǰ˾СȻǴƾĵӡֻҪ뵽ڴλһĴڣо̲ס
֪ˡ
СһӾнӹż㣬һһܿ뿪ˡ

һֻһֻŸƵľʦУһֻһֻӥɢ뾩ʦıЩŸ롢ӥһľ£Ҳ͸֥λ۹󽫵˳תᾩʦе飬ңԶ˹ʱսܲսšɺ˵Ϣ˹֮Ƕһս״̬
˹Уǵһ鷿΢΢谵һǰǶѻɽһż㡣
壬ң
ͻȻŴ򿪣֥һװ˽
ˣˡ
̧ͷ۾͸һ˿ƣɫ
һû˯Ŵʳ˵𣿡
֥
š
Цŵ˵ͷ˹δˣµһּΪ˧ô˯šϸ룬֪֥״̬϶ҲԼࡣ
˹֣ײټһ˹һǸɺ˵ģôҪ˶ã˹ۼʳλܶټǵ£Լ˹غͻʵĶ˼غͶç֧Զۼзĵ۹󽫣˵䲻
һеĵǡ
۹ԶսͬʱҲǿԸıսǿڣʮıټ۹󽫣ӴԴݿ࣬˹дƾѹ촷ۡ
⼸ߣҲΪԭ
ûпܡɺǱߵõϢʵҲ׼ȷ
֥һʵ
ܡ
Цҡҡͷ
ɺ˺ʹʳѪһ᲻ʳ˵Ǳг룬Ҳ̫ࡣûʮҲʮȻǿеġ


1028 µļƻ
Ƹովսԭʮڼϸ֥İҲֻˣлвٵԱĿνʧء˵Ϊ󳵲Ҳʧء
ǧܴƳڣϰĳڣ㾡ȫ޸Ҳֻʣһǧҡ£ս֪
ƾǾԲսʤ۹󽫺ʮ򾫱ġο˹ΧһƬҰһƬ꣬ûпõĵ佫˵ǡǡĵΡ
ֵطֻƾΣԼ˫ָӹٵսָһϸ¡
˹·;ңԶûһµʱ䣬Ҳˡǵʱ䲻ˡ
֥Ц
ǵʱȷʵ࣬ʳǱ߿Ҳûô졣պɺ˵˵ʳۣܶܶıҪҲûôסټ֮Ҫڣ֮һжķѵʱ͸ҹ㣬Ҫʱ㲻һ£Ҳ̫ࡣ
Ԥϣ΢΢һЦڸ֥ĵĵطǺ⡣
һ𣿡
֥סˣЩŵʳ˹֮ľ룬ȴƽöࡣ֥ĵ飬ʱ䲻ʳۣʮٳ£ڴƵԮִҲ޲ˡ
Ҫ
΢΢һЦһŵ
ڴʳ֪ʵ̫ˡǸ֥ĵ۹󽫣ڴʳҲһ֪޺˹ط֥ƽһ³֪⣬һŲ֪
жԶͳͳ֪
ȴ֪ġ
ʱڵĴʳ۹ӵʷӴİͼ±ȴƻҪһٶƽʳжͿ֪˹ڴʳͼˣ˹ѾΪңԶˡ
ҪѱôңԶĵطҪʱԲ١
Ҳҿ϶ʳ۹Ҫٳ£ҪʱҲһµԭ
ڴ˵ⳡս㹻ʱ׼ٲûô
ˣƻָôˣ
һתܿع
Ѿָ˾ųϣҪԸ˹֣»δ
֥˵̲ס̾Ϣ
Ҳ̲סгأüͷ֥һ仰˹ƾӵĴʳ۹жܹܶܺһϸµģҲֻһ֥
ʵߵĸ֥Ըǣ˵ĴͿ֪
ܿ죬ĿӹϼűֽعܲãͿ⼸ֽˡ
ˣھʦ֮õһѧΪʲϣһֱûϰʱʹ˲սҸо˵ʺžѧм֮ڶ
ĿһͻȻһָǰֽ˳ȥ˸֥ǰ
𣿡
֥΢΢һЦʶҪܾΪսĵ۹󽫣ָܹĶָΪóõĶ
Ŀӹڴɫ֥ԥˡڵ˹ΣأκһǼİοҲһƬ⡣
ðɣ⼸ֽûȥ
֥һ˵ţһִֽ˻С
忴һĻ΢΢һһŷ˼ʱ䣬Ժмھѡġĳ̶ֳϣֹ͸֥żеĹϵԸ֥İҲġ
ôЧ֮ǰҲû̫ա
ϾһĻʷϣǸͲӦ÷ġ
㹻ˣֻҪȥһۣôȻҲˡ
а
Ըо֥ƪ̫ģ岢ûдߣЩǼġ
ˣһ¡
Ŀһתܿͻع
ϴζ˺Ͱ˹ֽ֣ϵ飬һΣرˣһס
Ŷ
֥΢۾ﶸıһĨѩĹâʱȤ籾ǼΪϡĶʥʸ̺ҲûôࡣĴڣȴȫ˳˵֪
֪ôģ֥һӾû˶ּΪϡͺͨĸһֱ˾̾ѣ
Ǻǣ
΢΢һЦҲûӣһָһббŵľһߵ飬ľ˲ըѣ¶һںɫļСԸ֥۽ʶ⸱ҲסƤһǰһĸо
⸱ͼۣÿһƬƬ񾭹ǧĴĥͬӰ⻬㷿Ҳҫ۵Ĺâ壬ֲʧţÿһĵƣȸԶͳһԶԶȥƻǿҵк͵ı
˼飡
Ը֥۽ʶ׵ɲǣҲķһ̾⸱ף֪κ׶ַͬͶˮƽԶԶκס
ֻ֥һۣ̲סϲˡ
Σ
΢΢Ц
ţ壬㵽ôģ
֥Եƺûʲôǲġ
Ǻǣѵˣұһʦ

Ҳˣû˱ȵù㣬ȻܹȸֽȻҲܹס
֥Ц
ϣκ˵ԼʦδԿ֮ӣֻ岻˾Կ䣬˾Щǫ顣Ƿƥȸֺֽ׳᲻ɴݵĸ֮ǣǴݿ࣬޶ܹɱ;󡭡ıѾԶԶһʦķ롣
һȻ⡣
Ц⸱Ƶģ֮ලɵģ˺֪ܶԭԼһ֪ʶڼ߻ͬʱҲͬ˷
رҪλ廹ǿͼӹ̶̣ȵİ֥ںͰ˹ֶ⼶ǿսʱܵвʹˡ
֥ϲõ׼ùԴ
ǳ
֥ԽԽϲף߽ģÿһƬÿһȣÿһؽڣøּ֥ʹָĸоִ֥ƺԼһָоǸ֥ûйġ
ϲͺá
һҲ΢΢һЦͳף˺಼ܶ飬ԼδԵĳ
ˣˣһ顣
֪˶ã˲һµʱͻȻ˵һ˼˺ܾõ飬ͬʱҲΰѸ֥йҪĿģ
Ͷһ飬󾫶࣬ӰԼӶѡһЩսʿһֻرľӣԸʳˡ
Ŷ
֥üëһΪ⡣˹ıͲû뵽ȻʱҪ齨һ֧ӡ
齨һ֧ʲôľӣ
֥ûױ̬


1029 İӣ
ߴˣҲ֪ǾӴ󲿷ֵĶǲʵϣǿҲǲȻҲ൱ǵܹʹʳᲢۡ
ƻ˺ܾãҪƳҪ֥ͬ⡣
ȷʵˣѾǴƼ󶼻еľˡԴʳȴռ˶ơǱ˹֮ǣǸڿҰ֮мôʱ䣬ڶĴʳ˶Կ
֥
Ǵʳˡͻˣ˹˶ϵ壬һ㣬ΪũĴǱȲϵġѾǹۣòŷϡ
սʵĻԼ󳵲ӵĶֻսʹʳͻǲһġ˫սʽһҲֱȽϡֻƽԭҰشռ˾Եơ
֥ڵ
˵ͷ֥һ˵ʵ˹ĿҰΣԲ۵Ĵ˵ĵΡĻԣԶԶĳһƽ̹ΣҲõİڿΣͬʱٶȳ浽¡
˹ⴣ߸Я˴ɱԵĴƳ壬ƾƵĲʵѷסôྫʳĳ
ҲһֱҪıĵطɺṩʮʳܶǴδսң˹ֺսôãѾ˾飬߿º赲̫á

͹κεĶ֣οǰ˹ִʳ۹ܳĶ󽫡϶뵽֮ĶԸ֮ǽ˵ʵǿɹԴĴʳ
ĻǾֻܳ˹ˡ
֥üͷ֪
ǳسڣͻ᳹ɥʧȨȫֵĽ֮СҪǣ·ʤǴʳʹ֮һδģĳͻǶԴʳ˽⣬ʳͬԴƲ˽⡣ֻҪǳУ͵ʾԴʳ۹ҰģԺսȻ޾
֥ʡԵ°˵˳
һսֻᣬƵᣬҲΪʲôһҪڳ⽨ߣ⣬ڵԭͬʱҲ͸֥սʤʳˣȴûд˹˱ԭ
ֹˣʳȡϴεĽѵ˹ΧҪ£ȵݺľʱذɣ
鷿һƬž֥üͷĬѹޱȡ
˹һԱȱıԣһΪǿ¶ûд˹֮ǣ¾ûôˡΣյǣһʧȥߣ˹ءͻ˺ʹʳ˾һ𣬾ۼ۹󽫼ǿߣ۹ܻܿѡǿô󽫼ʵѹơ
ô
Ƭ̺󣬸֥ƳĬֱӵ
嵭ȻһЦ֪֥Ѿף
齨һ֧µı֣İʿ
İʿ
̧֥ͷ壬͸һ˿ɻɫ֥ʶ㣬Ҳ飬Ҳû˵ַ
ʲô˼ѵ𣿡
֥Ĵˡİ֡ʲôУû˵İ֡
Ǻǣ֪ˡ
΢΢һЦҲû׼ˣ
ˣѶ
ǣү
һ𣬾ڸ֥ĿУһսʿһ߰˳߳ĽУͦأ̤˽
µ
֥Ťͷһ壬ھȵ
ƵƣߣٲĳߣҪ΢һЩҲܴﵽĳߵĳ֮٣ܴﵽôģ֥֪ľֻһµٶǰĩڣϵλʥʹõľµ
ֱֻü۹ּǶǿ֮ĵҲԻ뼼ķΧȻʹǶͨʿ˵Χʹֱ䲻㡣
Ȼǣ
ڸ֥ȻıУЦҡҡͷȻվߵսʿǰ
˿һ֪ˡ
һ˵ţһʾսʿžд򿪣һƺκαȻͬ߰˳ںеףһγ硣е׵ıǸ֥Ҳ̲סͫһ͸һ˿޵ɫ
еֱмҲǵǵƣޱȣıһ֪ɱ쳣ǿıұ⻬羵ͻޱȣеľһ㣬ײУȴޱȡ
ѾֻˣһµƷɱ¾̵ֲ飬Ҳľ硣
Ǹ֥Ҳòϣ췽棬ȷʵﵽһ̾Ϊֹĵز
£ֻǴƣ½йȣû˿ԺᲢˡ
֥о̾ĹâֻƬ̣ܿȥ
ȷʵǺõ²ս
֥ܿӡİջĿ⣬Щź
Ŷ
΢΢һЦȡһڣȻŶĸ֥ƺϵķӦ
˿ǾֵСȻʹȴڶۣ

֥ûзϣϧ
ֵǰҲǰһ㣬Ҫִ͵Ҳ֪ʧˡνնۣѵƳĳ߳Ϊ˱ۡӽ˳ߣʵս֮Уֲʮͻϳ롣ڼҵսϣͻȻζʲôز˵ҲӦװɡ
˵֥̲סһ̾뷨ͦãǸʵʡʵȫֵҲֻ֮ͣУ
ˣҼȻİȻҲǵ㡣˼ȻۣΪʲôԣأ
ȻһЦޱȡ
Ŷ
֥оɲܿ죬ͻعۣǧѶϵ⣬ô׽֥Ҳ˵ʵʤ۱棬ֵʵʵãһ֪

֥ͷҲأһָȻİĳߵĵطһɲǼ䣬ϣһĽͻȻӵϴ鷿лص
һ̣ԭĵĸ֥ʱɫȻֻĵָһԸ֥۹󽫼ʵһָҲǧأҲѾ൱侳ǿһˡ֥ԭΪĳȣټָĵطǵҲ׶ѵģİӦû׵ӦָϣĽȴȫϡ
飡
û˿ԥ֥һһָһΣ֥ɫָ࣬ϵҲ֮ǰǿ˺ܶ౶Խܶ౦ˣ˵İ
Ȼһֻ̣һϣϵֽѺͲ豭ŲеĲˮɸߣ䵽鷿컨ϡȻȵֽĺڣǱ˳߳İȻ𣬻ĵϣɼˣûһĺۼ


1030 ֥Ĵ֮ģ
⡭ôܣ
֥ڸоĲֵָܹ֮ζʽѾ൱죬ּӲȣԼ׶۵ԣƷʺ͵ȼԾһأԽ
õǺõۣһûһܹͻֹ벻Ȼֱ£̫ˣ
ΪһԺյĵ۹󽫣ӵʮḻս飬֥Ǳܵĸоľ޴ֵ֥һ̽˲ӽץǱ˳߳İе˵ߣ趯£֥ԽԽ
ԣټϼ̡Զ۵ĵֱǵеİ
һĳûôޣǧװİôսϣһɼµĻ
ֱΪսͳμ
壬жٱ
֥ŤͷһԵ塣ͻȻЩİʿĺˣһ֧ȫװƵֳɱġְ˳ߵĵֻ֥ǿһ۶ʱףΪƣԸ
һȥֹսͬϵʿڣȫİĹΧƿ¼֥ͣȫܹսϵĳ
֮ѾһٶѣֻҪͬ⣬еĹҹϹһڣеİӦÿȫɣٴ֮ǰһľ

İʹ˺ܶԶʱĶ켼Ϸ棬ռսϴĴʳ䵶ЩĸֲġټԼȸ֣ʹڵİͬʱӵ˶ԣΪĵмƷ
壬Ͱ뷨ȥɣһðȫ㣡
֥Ŀ¶⣬һİ塣
¡֥ûϵͬɲǣ½սĸҲ֮һ䣬һʷǰδеı֣һ̵ʷ̨
ͱ֥뿪ƿѸٵ˳ȥ˹ڳǣҵǧٶ
ү
壬ҵѸٴ߶Ѫǰָأһ
׼𣿡
ͷʵ
үģʱȴүٻ
ܺã⼸ֽȥҹǵʱǳޣֻһǱ󷨵
˵ͷ
±ضȫԸ
ҵ˵ŵͷƳһۣżϵķʱͫһޱȣһ۳Ҷȥ
޵
żϵݡҵҴżȻʮ֮˵ʮʮĩ޵ڶ

˹ǵĳһȴƿ֥µսףصסѿ£֥ǰͬ˾е顣
ҹæµһ֥ͬӵľҪԱΣֺڷ䣬Ǻ͸»İǷ޲Ѳ߽䱸֣Ҫʵ̫̫ࡣ
ȵ֥еĹģʱѾǼˡ
ϸʹһرʼܣ֥۾ĿҲ͸һƣɫɽ¥ڵ˹ȻһƬƽÿ˶ܸоǹǿѹƾ£˶룬ƴȫǿԼΪ֮пս׼
ˣȱϢһ°ɡ
һһһ˽
°ɡ
֥档
뿪֥ϵ裬ҪһڣͻȻĿƲϵűż㣬һ
˵ƪ
Ϊﵽֵ֥زҪٳ߸ͷһѾˡǱܵģ֥ŻʲôܹԼվ̷֥һƬ⡣
ǿɡ
֥ҡͷЦЦĲɵżһۣȻһۣ֥һһ飬еľ˲ʧ١
ô£
֥ضżϵһλ
ϣ顣
̶̰˸֣͸֥ġеĳľһģһ֥͵ֱ¿ȥɫԽԽ棬ҲԽԽࡣȵһ֣֥ͻȻһļ̌̾ͷþò
֮һƬžһ̸֥ȴɲ
ƪȻ͸֥书ĳɵ񣬵ȴȸ֥Ĺǿ󣬾Ǹ֥汾һ֥û
ȻͬȻżԨԵ
һĹҵѾȫȥûѵ˵ʵҴˡġʵֻϹĳӹϵķŵ汾滹иǿķţ
֥űż㣬д˷
鷿ﾲĵģȴһӴΧŸ֥ӿͷ֥űżϵ˺ü飬Ѿȫȥˡ֪˶á
飡
ȺصĴžͺһεڣеζȥ֥ڵϣһӴϢɢ֥ڵʼģһִδйķ򣬻ӿ
ϲô֮ģжջ֥ĺøУսʷϸ΢仯100㣡

ͬʱ˹ǱߵԺͻȻ֮ʯѵһȻŤͷ˹ķһľͻȻ¶һ˿Цݡ
һж̤죡
ĩݸ֥ġڶඥǿ֮ϴĶ󽫾ѧ֮һ˼һǰʮ»صĸ֥ʷ΢תۣһִٳˣֽһƫԭͨ
˼ϸҪ󣬱Ҫ߱ʹﵽ۹󽫵ļ𣬶ҴӿʼҪһµʱ䣬ܵκ˵ĴšҲʼûаѡ˼֥ԭ
֪ͨȥ߳ǧ֮֡ڣκ˶ÿ
ŤͷͻȻһ
ǣˣ

ʱȥ˹ææµµȫսʱʮĵطͻʵӪͬһƬš
¡¡
һĺ쳹أͻӪصϷƹ˷۶ӿӿĵطһɫľƺƵͨأؼ伫Ϊۡ
˳ɫ£һ׳˶Ӱڰ֮СعҼףһɫĴ趯͸¶һİ
ڶ˼Χɳľɳˡj͵ͻʽŵػΧԶĵط飬ǧͻĳֹɣԶ˼Ϊģͬ㣬ӿţһۣ߱һߺȣ˸ſȵĹâ


1031 ̫ʴ
󽫾
󽫾
󽫾

ǵصź쳹ķһ̣˼һ㡣ڣ˶ܸо˼ϵϢԽԽǿʱÿȥһ죬ɢѹȸоԽǿҡ

ͻȻ֮䣬γɵ룬һ·Ķ˼ֻ죬˼ȫӿЩȻ˼ȫա
һһ䣬Щ£˼ϵϢٴ
ãе󽥽˼ƥޱȵͻԣŶ˼
Ȼǿ󣬲̶ʱ䣬ҵʵȻٴˣ
˼̧ͷĿб󾫹⡣
˼ͻƵ۹󽫵ļѾܳʱˣӵ۹󽫳ڶУҲûлѶ˼ʱ䡣ֻϣûôˡ˼ûԼʵھȻܹٴֱ˼顣
ϲ󽫾ʵһ㣬ʱգ˹ҲǴ󽫾Ķ֣
޳󣬿ɺԺضԴԽӣʧϴ󽫾ڴ󽫾ǰҲҪͷ
˼£ɳľɳˡjæӭȥ
ʧͻʵս˹صĴ󽫾Ϥŵ߹»ԼƵáͻֱΪ̫󽫾ܹ˼Ĵڡ˼ΪȨ⣬ͻ
ߣҲòŹάңƾڵʵҪʧϻûôסǵõ̫Լķʧδؾܳùҡ
˼
Ȼʧϳ⣬Ƕ˼ҲòϣʧȷʵͻǿĴ󽫡
ɳľɳ˺ͳj˸һ£û˵ȥ
󽫾ǲѾ󣬴˵ʵҲȵǿʲôʱȥƣ
ɳľɳͻȻڵ

˼˰֣ݵ
ڵŸոտʼҪ뷢ӳҪȴȫȹڴ֮ǰûҵϽǺԽ֡
ǣ
˵£ɳľɳˡjͲҵӦǡ
ɳľɳˣڴľ䷶ΧǶ٣
˼
ʮѾɳ˶ʮҹѲߣջнѲӣֻҪ˿һз紵ݶǾϵ֪
ɳľɳ
Ѵľ䷶Χӵʮ˹ҪҹѲߣԲܸκεĻ⣬ΧѲߵһҹ䣬һϲҹϮɹ֮ǰҲϣκε˳ǰ
˼ɫ
ǣˣ
˷׷׵ͷ
һа׵˼ɫ΢΢滺
Уȥһţڵ˹ûб˽˵ˡ


˼ڵŴ޻Ӧʱ뵽˹صӪʱŭӯ졣
쵰˼̫ˣȻֱɵİ취Ըǣ
˹˵ӪأɣҰһȭݺϣŭɶ
۲ͻ죬òײŴӴżż㣬ǻɣҰû뵽żؼݣȻȱ˼ֻۡǼֵ𣬾űżɷֽ
УȥΣһҪ󣡡
ɣҰһѳϵż㣬ҪȥҶ˼һ̣һֻƣǿͻȻԱ˹һ˻ɣҰ
һ¡
΢΢ҡҡͷɣҰ˸ɫɣҰһͣŤͷʶüͷһ˼һֱһĴޡ
ӪﾲĵģڽĿȫ˴ޣǴȴ㣬ڳ˼֮С
ʵȥҶ˼ҲѴֵˡȷȷʵʵǽˣһ㣬ĸ˵ʱڳ˵ż϶ֽţҲûƾʵݣ˼ǾԲϵġ
Ӫһֱûô˵Ķç֧ͻȻ˵ˡ˼ֶȷʵ˺ܲ죬Ҳйȫڶ˼
ⷬɣҰɫһͣʱ˵
˼ǰһѵô𣿡
ɣҰһʵ
Ϊ³ͳ죬ɣҰûгԹֿ˵˼ǵ˵涯ֽš
ڲĵĻ
ͻȻһӪ𡣴ͻȻ˵һ˵ţһ߻̧ͷ
ܾûô򵥣˼õ̫ס˳ˡ˼ʵʼʱָоԽǿҡ̫˳δǺ¡ֻὫԼĶ׽˵ˡ
Ǽٵģܹ߶˼ʵǸӲ˼飿
ç֧
Ҳʼûа취жԭ򡣡
޳ѲĶϣȫ޷ж١
ƵͼС˼ֻҪϳԿ
ӪĿⶼ΢ɲĲһ¡Ϊֹûκμֵô޵Ļɣǡǡ෴еһжָǷʵ
ˣȷ֮ǰû˸Һһλߵֱ
ɣҰȰż򻯰ȥһ룬һºһûа취𸴣ģʱȥҶ˼Ҫ󡣡
̧ͷ
⡭ðɡ
ɣҰ˰̣ڵ˵ͷ£Ҳõİ취ˡһɣҰӲӴ޵ĳŵȻӦһôһ
ϣ
ʱһϣ˻ͻȻӪ⴫лɧҵһʼ˻û⣬ǺɧԽԽ󣬲ʱʿľ
ʲôˣѵʱ͵Ϯ𣿡
ɣҰɲ˹˼رдڣƽʱȻʲô⣬⵽˹
࣬ҳȥ
ç֧üͷһ壬ȴӪ˳ȥֻһգ۾ʧӪ⡣ç֧Ǹԭ֮ӥ۹󽫼ǿߣ˱Ϊ棬ɧӦûܿƽϢû뵽ķչȫ˵Ԥϡ
࣬
ç֧ͻȻӪ⴫ޱȣӪ⣬ս˻ڶç֧֮󣬲ûԽĺˡ
ӪڣޣأԼɣҰܿ죬޾ʹǰվ
ߣ
ƿӪʵӣ˺ܿ˳ȥȥֻ˹˵ӪȻ֮ǰӣԭȻľ飬˿ȴһƬңһƥƥ˻ţ겻ߵ˹ʿץסȫֹЩսǡ˻עȫһ򣬶ҿҪȫ롣


1032 ̫ʴ
ǡ
Щҵսʿ󷽵ĳ޵üͷҲ¶֣صɫֻ˹ӪصıХһɰɫޱȣ֪ʲôʱ򣬺ƺƵӱϯɺ£˹Ӫ¶Щɫǵе˹ؾӶʱҲ˾޴Ӱ졣
Ӵ޵λÿȥӪأȻ֮һϵ֣ȫӰɱѸʼӪɢ
䣡
⵽ʲô£ʲôҲң
ս䣬ҿҪƲסˡãˣ

ӪһƬңʵǿʿûжٸоһЩΪ˹ʿȻʼֱ¡
쵰Щѵһƥսס𣡡
ɣҰȻŭû˷ӦͻȻһƥսȥԶŨҵĵط˽ȥ󣬼³ʿ档
࣬ڻûѩʱôͿʼˣ𣿡
ͻȻ˹˶Ҳ˽⣬һֻѩǰһʱŻή£ھٻ¡
û˵Ŀйâһɲǣ뵽ʲôһʱ֮ûа취ץס
쿴
ڳ˼ʱͻȻ֮һʼʱ˻û⣬ǽģɧԽԽʿ׷̧ͷƺʲô
࣬쿴ϣ
ͻȻһӶߴҲ̲ס̧ͷա
΢Ҳ̲ס̧ͷ˳˵Ŀ⿴ȥ󾪺ԴҲ̲סҵ
⡭̫ʴ
ֻ֮Уһĺո̫ĺģ˼޴Բκڰߣͺ񱻸ʴ˼һ
ͣ
һӶߴǴ޵ģȴǶç֧ͻأ˿е̫ڰߣɫ͸¶ǰδе𾪡
ôܣԤķˡ
ç֧һɲǣԺж뵽ͬһͷ
̫ʴ۽ڣ̤˪
˹ص۹ʹϢڽõͬ͡Σڶ֮󣬲˾޴ۣͨ׼ڴеõ˽һϢ˹ظԭÿǧ꣬һ췭ظı仯иԭϵȫĨȥһлظʼ״̬
ⳡƽ֮ǰ󡣶̫ʴһеĿʼ
еݣȫô˹ص۹ϳ׵
һɲǣޡءç֧λ˹ص۹һƬء
࣬ѵ˵Ļᷢ𣿡
ç֧վڴߵɫء
ܻ᲻ᷢǶģⲻǳĿ𣿡
ͷ
ç֧˵ͷû˵ʲô
̫ؼգĴڣûκʣû˼̫ʴⲻֵĶʱÿ˶Ϊ;ԼԶһɲǣеĺʴÿ˶оһв
ΣڶевڴƣҪеѣͱƣΣһսҪӮ
ç֧аĿⲻһ۴޺ͻأç֧֪һҲźԼͬ뷨
Ѿ֣Ҫ⼸ǧǰˣ˹ؾֻлܴƣ˹Ϊؼһս

У˷ӿĺ˵ĿУֻ˶̶̵ʱ̣㳹׵ʧˡ֮ͻȻ࣬Ǵ޻Ƕç֧û֪⽫һο̫
ˣİɫϯ£ֻƬ̵ʱ˹ӪأͬʱʮͻӪأԶ˹֮ǣȫɫĺ֡
ôͿʼ𣿡
˹֮Ǳһ˴Ƶ˧ڿ裬˧£忴İɫ̧ͬͷſһ̣Լû֪ʲô

һƿյд޶û뵽̫ʴĳ֣һЩ벻鷢ˡ˰ʱ֣һֻֻӥӿз£˹ظԭϵϢ
˹ѵӪеѵӪž¡ϵԭϵĸңԼڶĸԭ׷ţ˶Դ޵֧֡
̫ʴĳ֣˹ظԭĹϼо˿ֻźвܸԭϴڼȱ״̬еЩϵļ㾡Լȫޡ
ܼƽľӸԭ˹֮ǣ֧Ԯޡ

ޡ˼˻ڱµĺŵʱһ·ϣңԶĺɺʱȴ˹һƬȻ
壡


ɺĳϿգŨ̹ܣһĴʳྫΧһȦץųص߸ߵľֲϵĴ£ŷĻǡ䣬Ĵ쳹ڶ
ЩʳҹͣĴһ̨͡
벻Զĵط˿ͥԺææµµľĵ˵ͷ
һµʱ䣬еһӦÿȫɡʱǽΪľ˾ʷǿĴڣ
һɲǣбŷҰġľ˾űǴʳ۹ǿ˴˾ǳһǿľ˾Žг֡䱸ȫ׵ǳףټľ˾ųǿս½ϣûκεԺľƥУǸν
˵ĺͿʯ͹𣿡
Ŀվڸ߸ߵ̨ϣͷҲص
شˣ·ϣվͿԵִɺʱԲĶԴѺͣʲô⡣
һһӥĿ߱ǣϴһֻɫ¶ĿǳΣյľ˽
ľ˾ŵĸ죬еĶ
֮Уʳ۹һǿȵʱ򣬷кʹ󲿶룬˶ԷΧľ˾սʿҵʱѾڵзĹɱҹΧʬۻɽǼչȥĵз졣ʬѪˮǳصĽֵȾ졣
ԴһսΪ֮ӥ
ܺã
һ˿ѩĹâľ˾ŵ۷׼սֱƴ󽫡ͣʲô⡣ЩʳѾҪЩʲôҲܳɹ
߼ᣬͺͿʯѾɱۣ
ǣˣ



1033 ÷ѣһ
Ϳʯϡ٣ҲͣΪԣҲ˳˴ʳĹӽĿꡣʳںͿʯӦ÷棬ûдﵽƵĵزǳõ飬Ҳĥһ׽Ϳʯ֮ҴǷȵķ
ȻûдﵽƵȸֽ𵩾ɫġսסϵĵزѾԽ˼ǰеĴʳ̶ȴﵽһߵĵز
ԺͿʯͺԭϣǳľ˾ŵȲȸֽҲԲ̫࣡
ٰ˺ͷŲѡ
գ
һа׵ڰ׼뿪ʱͻȻһ󼱴ٵֻһƥͻȻ洳˽ȥ
վס
ΧһȣХһľ˷ӵһ˲ߡͥԺΧʮľսʿب赲ȥ·ϣֻһɲǣ֮С
ۿ֮ڶֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ҪͻȻվ̨ϣĿƳϽɫۣɲǼ䣬ɫ䣺
ס֣
һɲǼ䣬·ʱ̣аγ䵶ȫڿУʮľȫͣѴ̨£ӭ˹ȥ
﷢ʹ
ЩŻƽۣ׺ŷƵʿǴʳ۹ʵ۹﷢ʹÿһǾϸѡҳϵǿߣִֻмҪ۹ʵ۹﷢ǳӵʱŻ֡
ˣ
Хƽ۵ʿԣϣг˰˵֡ϸһöɫϸС䶴ߣӸ£ޱȣ
﷢˹˱뱻ݻ٣ɹ֮ľ˾ײ˹֡˹֮ܶľ˾ŽԸһӦ֮أΪ÷أ
﷢ʹԼ࣬һǰĿġ
ৣ
һɲǣԺ֮Уն䡣˻ûз󷽣ľ˵ĶԼΧеľ˾ȴıɫ
Ӧ֮أ
ľսʿִţȴδʵֵԸľ˾Ȼųʳǿսʿҳϵ¹ͣŻ߽죬ڴʳۿͻԼķˡľ˾ȴΪԶ֮ǰĳЩԭܵһԶ۹ɷƣڷ֮
Լľ˾ŵ죬սױȣȴ縡Ƽһ㣬ĴսͱԶûԼĸ
һ顰Ӧ֮ءǾζľ˾ſפ˰ӪΪһӴľ˳ǡľ˾Ҳܹͻһ˵ƣﵽǰδеĶʢ״
ľսʿģ
ˣ
һ˲䣬ľ˾սʿĿⶼԱ򶨣ӺǰǱ˭Ҳû뵽﷢ڶôӣû뵽Ϊ﷢Ը
ˣǱµִ﷢Գؼȥɣ
ϣƽ۵Ĺ﷢ʹȡһöɫ°㣬οջƵĽƣַ˳ȥ
﷢Ҳпʹζľ˾ΨһӦ֮صĻᣬܸƽ˹̤ƽеľΪūԶٻκεӦ֮أ
ˣ
˺ͷλľ˾ŵͳ˧ǻɫȻ

ͷ

ʱ仺ȥɺǣеĴʳҹĴһľµǳףǰߺɭֵİ˹ȫĿţ֮κεĽսȴź󷽵ܶԼľ˾ŵĵ
ÿһնµϢÿһնʿӿ޺˹󷽵ĺɺľ˻ϣǰɭ֣밬˹ֻϡ
ͬʱңԶ˹ͬǻܣŨ̹ƾڳҹϵѵš˭Ҳ֪һ֧ӰԼӶѸѡĽǰδеĵһİʿšڻĲš
ÿһգ˹ﶼȫµ
дƵʿĵ£ȫıս
ʮĵط˼ҹеԼǿʵͼﵽߵľ硣
ڶʮڵĵط˹˵ӪһƬƽӪеĺȲ衣˭Ҳ֪룬Խ򣬵ңԶ˹ظԭһ֧ҵ˹¾Ӹԭҡ۶׼ǰ˹
Ĵ۹Ȼƽƣ˽£ȴ֮ǰκʱҪӵİӿչܣ
սʱܱ
˹Ͽսܲʱһ࣬ңԶޣʦ۶֮Уʱȴһաϣں˹Ҳﵽ˼ҵĵز֥ۣʼûͨ
£ԣ
֮ϣ˪ףѹ֮Ļ֣־˰壬Ӱ֮˳
Թֻ˵ģûʤ̻Ҫҳ͢ñҾޡǰ꣬ܺķʳǧʯţһǧͷƥʮߣһǧ߰ȥ꣬ķʳǧİʯţһǧ߰ͷƥʮߣһǧֻ߰ķѸ࣬лûʿŵĸ
ʮƵսķѴѾΪƺͰյش󸺵
ֹˣƵսʹʿ˲أΪ˲ֻܴ߱ӰԴ΢żȻ֪ЩطΪԱʼѣ鳤ĳƲӵ󣡡

֣䣬һ֮У̫̫գִ˰壬ɫ࣬粽
΢մӺӶѲӻ;ºޣһׯһ·ӳ棬Ȼһж΢в죬ǰѯʣ֪ׯжȫ˾顣ǰ꣬ͥڶԶͻʺսгһ̣ӾųжһȫսʣһҵжطоͰ
ׯȻֻǸӣȴǴƵӰÿѾ˴½ÿ͵սʿ֪٣ڣ˹ȻҪñѵǵº޵鲼ƣͯս𣿳밲ȫسڵأ
˵һ䣬̫ɫһ仰óڶĳ׷׸ͣ
΢飡
΢飡
΢飡

ڣһĳ׷׼ѡʱһ߿


1034 ÷ѣ
ʥʶʮ£ͥԶͻñǧˡʥʮ£ɡñǧˣͬ£Ը߾۹ñˡʥʮأ˹ñǧˣͬ겹Ա£ç֧͵Ϯˡʥʮ꣬ʱΰϴ󶼻³˹ذϵñǧˣˣǧˡ
֮꣬սۼʮǧˣڣһδ˹սˡ
̶̼ʮʱ䣬ûвսʱ򣡱£ʱֹͣˣ
˹ǴƵǻ֮أë֮սҲͰˣѵڻҪýʿ𣿶ң֮أȫǺˡΪѳִƵͳΣÿ겻֪ķ˶ٱǮǼֱһ޵׶ǷԴṩ棬ȴ޼ʯ𣿻Ǿرصḷ́
£΢ԣ˹ս£ĸֹͣˣ
һ䣬£뻨׵ϳ˫ִ˰壬һ񡣶ڣһƬྲеĳ׷׿Ŀ͸𾴵ɫ
̫ʷãݳ͢飬ʷ£дʷ顣еĹ򣬰ڣһһУȫݣҼʷᡣƣٹ֮УĴڡ
Ϊ䣬һԲ̫ʷ뱾ʷ֮Упųꡣ˭ġ
ͬģĹʷٺãҲԼأ뾭̫ʷֱʡ
̫ʷʷļ¼ߣԹߣǲߣһ㲻볯õ¡̫ʷϾҲٹ֮һڳĳЩشʱ̫ʷͬУԼΪְ
һ̫ʷһв볯ԵĴܳΣĻҪԶжΣɼ߽ΡҲΪ˱̫ʷĹƽͿ͹ۣʹʷļؾܸ˸ҡ
һ֮Уǵڶβ볯ԣһΣȻʲŵʱ
֮ûУֵôңȻλ̫ʷҲ
̫ʷҳ֪ҽιƽ£׾ǡ̫ƽ֡ȻҲǼķսɣĸ飬ĳķԣʱȫͬȻ̫ʷõһ䣬öʱΪ֮ྲҲ¶˼ɵɫ
Ĺһֻʣɱ˲Ρ̫ʷпܱʷᣬΪ֮˲òǵġ

ʱһЦͻȻƼžжΣһʮϽͻȻ˳
շӣϷȥˣԸǾͼǰɣϷ£һ֧ʣųꣿ
ǰľ£Щ䳼ȲЩʸӣǱ飬Ϸ򻹼ǵʥʮأͻʱŴοܱӽ٣ɱ¾գ뵽ڵӶһΪֹǣԲǴսȻһսǧˣͻʺҲʮһྫҪǣԴ֮󣬶ͻʺ˹˼ɣڲ¡
ǧ˵ȴǴ˺ڵӶʮ̫ƽȵİֺֹǧˣһսϷǵΪϷУ
佫Ԫó
ȻλߣԪȴǾϣμӹսۼࡣʱη̫ʷãҲֻнԪ־ϻȥˡ
ǰĽʿԡѪսΪʲôѵΪں󷽵ʷʥʮأûһսΪ˵ôһ㣿
ʥʮ£ɺñǧˡ֪֪ûһսƻ˶ˣɺԺսϲӣҶԴȱپη֮ġһս֮ǰɺݣӸŮͯɱ˰գݵشΪηɺڵءʮʱ䣬ݵİմʮ˰࣬һһֱ½
һսݵشѳΪ˵̣˵ɺҰĲк͸߾ᣬʮ֮ǰͻϮڵأʮơºɡսº͸߾۹ս׸д˶֣ɡ͸߾Ľˣ߽Ĺƣʹôס˶ľơ⣬Ҳʹðհҵ˺ļ꣬շϢݵ˿ҲӰӵڵİʮ򣬱սǰҪ࣡
ںĶʮأʮأһصսʱ¶һصսǴ˳õİ
˵󣬽Ԫõ鼤ޱȡ
֮սگ޷ҰĲ˹ش󽫻ء޹ᣬˡͰ϶ԡѪսʮӶӾϣ֪ʲô³Ͻ¾ﻹô˹ʮ𼱣͸֥֮ڵʤ󲻳أΪС⡯ߣϣƺİܵʳ˹غͻʵвԣ֮鷿еĶӣʦ֮л˭˲֪˭˲ҳѵλֲ˰ĺս𣿡
٣˹ĴսʿȴžԮ΢룬̳֧Ԯ
ԪõĻ佫Ҳ̲סɲǬֳ˰壬Ҳ̲ס˳
㱻̫ʷʷᣬųΣЩ첻˵Ժû˵Ļˡ
΢飡
΢飡
΢飡

ԪúͲǬڵĻе佫̲סѪڣ׷׳͡ĳƣ佫ϧվ佫һȭȭ֮ġ˹֮սһ֮ʵϣϵʹƵİΣʱ˭ܹ⡣
䳼׷׳У˵̫ʷãеĳסˡʥʼλڣǰ̫ʱ׷𣬳ϵֻҪ漰䣬󲿷ֶ佫
˭Ҳû뵽佫һε̬ȾȻôļ̫ʷڳ£֪ܻᱻԡս֮ʷᣬܱڸȻ
£л˵
ʱһͻȻӴе󳼣̫ͬʷڣ˲ȫ׷׳ǵӰ˹ȥͺǸӵĳεħһ
³ͬʱҲǰεİϴ󶼻³Ĵ֮һ˵ķ˽Ȼͬ
ʥʮ꣬ʱ΢ǰϴ󶼻ʱ϶˹ñ΢⣬飬΢лȨ
³һɫӰ˳ͷֳ˰壬ޱȣ
ս֮ǰ΢ɳ̽ӻر޺ͻڰϵԭϣ㼯˴ı׼ԴñǰȻʱʼ˹ؾһֱܱ߲ϡȻԪʮ꣬սϱʮǧܵɱԪʮһ꣬ʮһܵս˲ءʮ꣬ʮ꣬һֱ΢ͳǰ꣬սĪǡ
ˣһβ޺ͻصж΢һѣ˹ñڹ֮⣬ԱⲨİʧһսȻ϶˲٣а޷Ҫǣһսɱ˴˹رʹô˺ʮ꣬˹ذϵûģĹϡ


1035 ÷ѣ
һս³Ŀ渵չǰܶϸڣڵʱеس˵ȫ֪ġ̫ʷҲǵһ˵æԶ˸ơ£һ̫ʷةڵϣӺīѸٵļ
սϷǵѣҵ佫սǾȡսĿģȻǱաֻǱкַܶڣȴ˹ٳһ⣬սֻλ󳼸ǰߣҵѡǺ߶ѣûжԴֻͬ⣬ǰ߻ǺߣֻҪսһ޷ġ
һ㣬սǺͣ佫ƣӰյģλһġ
һ䣬³Ͽޱȡ֮ս͵֮Ϊ飬³ܶ⡣
˹΢УҲûа취жϸ΢Ҳűµ۹⡣Ȼ͸֥󶼻鳯͢˹ȻΣ˼㡣Уޣ΢£Ԯ
˵һ֣³һظ
֮ս³Ƿһ޴飬壬³޷ϱλãЩʮİ϶սʿҲҪ˹֮ս³Ҳǻһ顣
Ҫǣ˹ս£³ԼжϡΪеƶĵ۹󽫣³жϺһޣѸˣض֮𺳡
ߣƣ佫ñ˲ƣ˵ôһ³˻Ʊ簡ˣҲô𣿡
һ˲佫˵Ŀ⼯еһ࣬һֱüͷبϡ
⣡
о˵Ŀ⣬Ĵب͵һɫʱһƬһƬϡ͢ûбλø΢Ҳεˡبĳĵһϡȴǵ͵佫ģ䣬͵Ľ֮ҡ
ǰ׷ݣһеԴͷھŹϡŹĳȴͨԣҴɨͻʺ˹أºպս
һֵ֮ô̫ʷǣУҵ塣
⡭
بһθоǰδеļ֡볯ôãبĴˣЩΣвң𣬲֮ǰĽڶʹ¼̫¼ε˹֮
بԸȥ״ҲԸֵּ֮
ĳսǧŲĵبֻҪ˵һս֣ĳԺͻᱻĳûĳ֧֣بһԺĵ·ߵ˾ͷب֧ĳôؽʹ佫ĺ
һε֮֮ôңԪõȾϳԸðűĳʷΣգҲãΪľ֧ԮңԼبԶ˹ֶ塣بʱ򷴶ڽ벻֮أͬʱҲὫء
һɲǣب˽սΪѡ
˲Ϊѣ˵ɣ
ʱһϡϵͻȻӴϴب͵һе󳼶Ƿ׷𶯣ŴϷ˹ȥ
̫ʦ
̴ǵ۴ӰԺжȻһͬͷֻϷһֱȻĿ̫ʦ֪ʲôʱ˫Ŀ֮бǿҵľâ
̫ʦ̫̫ųƵ֮У̫ʦΪס
̫ʦ¸أڳҰ֮ӵо޴Ӱ졣ʥʶޱȡ
ÿ糯е󳼣ȫվУֻ̫ʦʥ̴Σھʥλãʾء̫ʦѸߣڳϵ飬ٲ֡󲿷ʱڵʱ֣ʱ֡
һ˹¼˱Ϊ̫ʦֻڵȴû뵽̫ʦȻĲֵˣ˹¼֮С
̫ʦĳ֮ףͻȻֵ˴εĳ֮ʱȻͬ
ô£Ȼ̫ʦˣ
һɲǣ³Ҳ̲ס𶯣ֲĸо
Ȼλӱ飬Ȩ󣬵ڳеӰ죬³úԶ
£ϳֻһ仰
̴ϣ̫ʦ˷䣬վһɲǣһӴϢɽ纣ȻϱһɲǼ䣬žޱȣţ˵Ŀⶼ۵ϡ
󣬺ս
¡¡̫ʦĿ磬һӶϵ졣еĴ󳼣֮ǰĳԵϽԪڣм¶˵
ĵģѹ
بгģѹһʯһҲɫѿޱȡ
̫ʦĿվֻ˵̶̼֣֮ĳĻҪصö࣬ҲԱ沵öࡣ仰ķκ佫ܹеġ
̫ʦ
ŴϷĿ䣬ɫ̫ʦбޱȡ
̫ʦ¸أλߣӰ켫ײ볯ã׿ڡһڣ˵Ļ൱ڽɡʹΪȴҲ޷֮Ტۡ
һ֮Ȼλĵϲġ
һ֮ͻȻöе佫䲻Ҫǣ͸֥˹һ£ͻȻ˾޴תü䱻Ͳˡ
л˵𣿡
һͻȻӶߴĳвʱ򣬴ʦĿһתͻȻɨ˹ȥɫĿޱȡǼᶨսɣǳҰ֪ʵ̫ʦβ֪
Ȼڳ͢սΪ֮׵̫ʦҲѾһεġ˹¼׵ı
̫ʦ
ţǻû˵꣬㱻ˡ
££òҪڱݣ
̫ʦһ
һԭҪѳڵĻʱ˻ȥ¡ָǧǰһۿ书ѫȴΪսºڣʮҾſգأ˸֡
̫ʦ𡰺¡Ȼú䣬ָʥʡʥһӢʢʹôƳǰδеĶʢ档ڱݣʥʵһӢȻһ
иϵҲе
£˹Ͼǻ֮أӮ˲ϲˣȴпܵǰϳΪߴ˺Գˣ
һ仰̫ʦתͷ˴Ϸ֮ʥʡ
оĵģá
š
ڣʥʿˣ򵥵һ֣̺ѹ
֪ˡ
ĸ֣û¶˿ĸ飬Ǵڣе佫بԼ³ڣȴһʥʶڳϵ飬ȺԲ𣬼ٲ֣ٷ
ȺܹжᣬôʥʱһֲֻеѲʱ򣬲Żԣʥ͡


1036 ÷ѣģ
̫ʦ֮ףĳ䣬ȻһѾʥʲӰ졣Ȼǡ֪ˡĸ֣ûб̬ȣĳѾǼı仯衣

֮У佫һƬء̫ʦ룬ʥʵԿʼĳб˹漱ԮļӼѾ˺ü⣬ͨ飬˹塢֥Ǽذɡ
λ۹󶼻
ϣۿʥʼڴʱһӴӿͬһʱ䣬˶жһ
£ϳлҪ˵
δ䣬һº͵Ϣ⣬մһ㣬ͻȻ˵ĸ֪СſڣâһһϵӰ뷢԰ףһϮɫĲۣͦż˽
ǵӰͻȻһƬȻ
šŹ
֪˭˳Ǽ䣬е佫һƬڣڶĳһƬȻϣո׼µĴʦҲǻһȻ
ƾŹ
ʢ࣡
Ƶ۹¸أƳĴڡѾλʮ꣬ķУڳҰ⣬Ȼӵо޴Ӱһ棬¾̫ʦ޷֮Ტۡ
Ź֣ԴһС
ף
بվڴϣһҲûϵ׻ʱ֡ȥŹһبһͣͣ
̫ʦǺþò
һ̣ŵ΢΢һЦ漴̤
Ź
Ź
Ź

ϵӰڣе󳼣ĵ׷𾴵ĵͷ˳ΪŹóһ̫ͨʷĴڣҲɫһ࣬¶ɫһ˵һԡ
Ϊʢĵ֮һŹڳеӰģܶ೯еĴ󳼶žŹĴ˵ġ
գգ
ŹһɫľͷȣŴ̫͵ص
£
֮߳󣬾ŹͻȻͣ½Ų΢΢ŴϷǵӰһ
Ҳˡ
һӴϴɸ߸ϣϺƵȴ紵ĳˮ͸һ˿º͵ζ
ʥʺ;Źһһʳãͬ˴ʮ꣬ǰδеʢΪƵļѻȻŹѾȥλʮأڳҰʥȻвķ
һ̫࣬ʦһŹʥȻֻǼ򵥵˵һ仰¶ľ֮ȴ̫ʦƤ
䣬οΪ
̫ʦżɽޱȡ
ǣҲǡ
ŹЦЦ̹Ȼ
Ƶ֮͢УԱһŻرܡһ䲻᲻֪ɡ
䣬ֱ䡱ֵģҲֻΪĳ̫ʦˡ˶ϳͬѹϡ
ٲܳھٲס
Ź΢΢һЦ
ǣӣ
̫ʦžŹ
Ǻǣ׻Ǻ͵һһ㶼û䰡
ŹȻһЦ紺̫ʦĹΪΡ̫ʦ¸أԪáϳسֻҲ̫ʦǰܹ棬г̫ʦֵģ³˾Ź֮⣬Ҳûˡ
˹飬ȻӵӶ𣬲漰ģȴǳ͢ս͡ĸԣȻҵӣȴܻ䡣
Ź쿪̣ǰߡ
֮ϣ˵Ŀ׷׶˹ھŹϡŹߵĺȴȣӰÿжһĺгУͺϢΪһ塣
Ϸ̫ʦɫѱޱȡⲻͨ͢漰֮ĸʱϣļ䡣
ո̫ʦĻҲˣһξ뿪ķݣ̤㳯ֻ͢˵һ飬սʹ棬ԺԵ꣬ϳΪʱ򣬶ͻʺܱߣܿѡ̸ϳ޷˴ͻʴԭͻˡΪһսȡ֮ʮ̫ƽͻ˲׿ܱߡ
ʳ˺͵۹δսͣδʹԷ͹ƣԺս޾Ϊ˴ƵĳξðҲΪµİգϳΪԮ˹ϲߡ
˵һ䣬Źֱͦ΢һ
ţŹ¸أ£ǴƵ࣬ʢĵߣݣ˵ⷬӵзǷķΪⲻ˹¼еĹ۵㣬ͬҲΪ༸ʮأ˵ĵã˭Ҳ޷ϵġ
񶨾Ź͵ڷ񶨴ƵʢԼڵ̫ƽ
һʱ䣬ޱȣÿ϶¶˼ɫú֣̫յҲǳĬ˼
̫ˡ
£˿ŹȻ뿪ķݣʱϵûϵ̫ʦϳλأ̫ʦǰ˵ҲǲǾŹ˹Ҫ䶨ĳˡ
ľӪҪ׵Ļһʳ˹ءͻˣ֮ǰཫҪһӴ޾
϶Һ£
ʱյĪˣҧгݣɫߺޱȡΪνĳԳ׵ѹһû뵽һŹܴɡϵ̫ʦղףɫѿޱȡ
䣬ˣĳһ
ղ̲סѵ
ƣʷص֮ת۾Ȼĵղû뵽ġ
Ǻǣôˣʦ׾ˣôڻǲףɾ֮ھУûֻ֮мҹһ塣еһжԴƺͽɽ𢡢Ϊأ˹飬ΨսܵúͣͣΨսҶѡҲǾֳ֧Ԯԭ򣡡
˵һ䣬ŹҲ
ٲܳھٲס֣֮һԼҹΪأǾŹ
һ˵򵥣ȴм
ˣ
Źһ䣬һƬˡڳ۷׷סֻ֪Ź̫ʦͬĵŹ˼˵ȻͬͬѧϵȻѡ
£ϳԣ󣬺սսѾķѹޣƣʹʳսˣ
̫ʦ
£̫ʦ
ʱһϵԣɫһ䣬ͻȻ˳͡Źڳ˵ķ̫ˣٲڣûлˡ
飡
飡
飡

̫ʦڣĳ֮У־ᶨķսٴοڣȴԶû֮ǰôࡣȻŹڳеӰ쿪ʼá


1037 ղþ
£ԣ
һڴֳ˰壬ҲӰ˳ɫޱȡ
£ԣ
£ԣ
£ԣ

һ佫ʿ񣬷׷׳УӦŹ佫ĳ˫֮ٴζۿһԣڴʱһ˹
ˣޣš
ʱһϺƵͬϵo㣬Ӵϵʥڿˣ
³ȫȨ𣬼̵ɴԮ˹֥󶼻еһ֣̫ͨգǻȫϣǮһӦλ⣬ȫϣ
̶̼仰ᣬԳ棬ضһɲǼžޱȡ
ϣ̫ʦԼеĳһƬȻ˭Ҳû뵽ʥʻʱһַʽִ֮һ࣬ŹȻһЦԪõȾ佫ϲѡ
Ϸԣ֮ͻöôңֻҪʥʿڣһо͵ڳ䶨
ּ
ڣ佫׷׹ּڶĳٲʣʱҲòͷʥʴӲ׿ڱһڣ޸ĵء
ϳּ
е㵽ֵĻԼĳ׷
ȥɣ
¡¡ޱȣ·һ㣬ڻصʥʵһӴսѸתһı׷Ӧگ׼Ԯ˹


ʥʳ棬͢󲻾ãһֻŸųԾ˵ٶ֮󣬵Ÿշ£˹У¡ͬһذը£ʱ˹УĿ
̫ˣ
˹Унۼһãһɫͨ죬˷ޱȡڽô󣬳͢ھԮ˹ʱ䣬õϢ֥֮Уƹض
ˣʥʺͳ͢ڱ֧֣˹Ĵͻ࣬˵ܹʳ
Уǧ˫ֳϣϲɫ
͢Ͻֵʱʵ̫ˣÿһشľҪʱͨǴʤ֮Ҫ͢ĹϼѡǧѾ͢ٳû飬ӦԴ
ȷʵһεľܹôͨǰδеġ̽Լ䳼ȫվߣŹˡ飬Զûôֹۡ
˷ܹ侲֥üͷ
͢Ҫĵط̫ˣܶطǣһȫɲٱҵģʥʵͣ͢Ҳɲʲô
Ǻǣ˶ˡһѰ׵ʦ֮ٻԳıټϸ󶼻ıԼֵٿԴӳ͢õľ񣬱󾫶࣬ȻǱȲϴʳˣȴѾ֮һսˡ
Ŷ
ڽһΪ⡣ӱ߻ĸһ˲⣬ʵ͸֥֮ǰ̶õġǾʦ֮УȻԳıͲò˾ˡ
壬
֥ͻȻ뵽ʲô̽
һص˵ͷ
¡
ѰһڽУɲǼɲǸ֥ǧҲĴ뷨סˡ˻࿴һۣ𾪵˵

黹ûзʦʵ֮𣬾Բ뿪ƿ꣬߻ıδȴȳ´֥ͳǧȻǵ۹붼롣
壬ȷ𣿳ͬ͢⣿
ˣ´ȨûǾǲΪ͢ʮڸıﶼбפأ͢ûκεвҪıõѡ񡣲Ҫˣʳɳľ˾ţ޾ź𵩾Ҳһɳˡδʳۣܶƾͨǵֵסġ

ǽͬСɣһôˣԺڳ顣Ҳ³ûеȨ
֥ͬ壬뷨̫񣬼ֱǵ죡
£ѵıʵ𣿡
ȻһЦ
͢£ʥһٲ֣ʥ׿ڣǼıֻҪ飬Ϊ±ػͬ⡣
һ仰赭д̸۵ȴ֥ͳǧԼڵһ佫ļ²ѡ
֥ͳǧþ˵
ֻУû˿ƻγڵĸ֣ʵ佫޹أһеģԶڳ͢ʥʡ͢еĳָ佫սʵսʥʣΪ֧֣˴ڵĸֺͰͼ
֥ͳǧﻹЩԥȴֻ֪Ҫ˹߿ڣʥһͬ⡣
ˣֻһΣβĳȵ˹ʧأʱٳҲûˡ
Թɫһ롣
⡭ðɣ
һ仰֥б仯͵һҧ¶˾ģ
ǧ齻һ𡣲һǾûκ·ˣ
ǰһ仰ǶԳǧ˵ģһ仰֥Ťͷ塣ֻҪǣϽʾͽȻͬˣһսܣ廹Ǹ֥;Уûгͷ֮ա
û·
嵭ȻһЦԥûС¾㱸ֻǷ磬һս˵ܾ֮ǰû·ˡ
Ƭ֮һֻӥ˹Ѹٷʦķݣǧϣ֥ϴӡۣܿʦ֮СԤϵһɽھʦ֮˾޴Ĳ
ûеȵеĳʥʵһֽͣ˴סˣ
׼
򵥵һ֣ʱѹе飬һǱڵΣûбѾΡȻ⣬ʥǳеĳҲ޻˵ɵĽܹһ֮ǽʮ֮һ־Բ٣Ҳ̫࣬ǳд͵ļޣͬʱֲԽػʦְ̫Ӱ졣

һܶµĵ֮УһΰӰϥ붨һɢˮϢһ߳೤ȸֳӵӰеΰޱȡϸȥϥ붨ӣ߳೤ȸֳȫڰСΪܹﵽͰգٶ׼ϵļ
׼ͳ죬Է糾
ӰǾǽ֮еĺͬʱҲٶĴڡͳ죬Է糾ȨΪӴ


1038 ţ
¡¡Է糾ںһɹӴڷӿٶԽԽ죬Է糾ϵϢҲԽԽǿ
תﵽٵʱֻһĺɲǼ䣬һӴɫƺƵԷ糾ͷ
ԶԶȥɫƵƺƵͨأǹɾ˵ĸоĳأʹǵأ΢΢
֪˶ãǹӴľɢȥһлָƽͬһʱ䣬УԷ糾Ҳ
ϧˣǲһ㡭
Է糾һ˿ѩĹâչӰУµ
ϣԷ糾һ죬һ˶ߵȸֳһ㣬ûԷ糾Сܵгʹָ㣬ԼĸоԷ糾¶һ˿ԺЦݡ
ۣ֮
ȸֳ֡
һ壬ഫһֱһżǿĹϾѧһˣ˸޷ɼˣżϾѧҲءһУֻӵѪʸ
Է糾ǽΨһ߱ʸˡΪ־ѧڰԵʦĵûһѷԷ糾ҪҴνıûԷ糾һ룬ͳܲסְҵըɷ顣
ʦıֻ˵ѵģȴûըɷġԷ糾žѧҳ̶ȿ֪
Է糾һֱھʦչıΪԭȻȴԷ糾һһʧֱ壬Ѵ֮ۡ
ΪԷ糾ܹɹƿӳϵǿ츳ڶ̶һڣͻͽﵽ־˵ĵزҳΪе׼ͳ졣Է糾ĸм֪
»Ҫܳһʱ䣬ͻƴ󽫼𣡡
Է糾аںܾ֮ǰѾﵽ׼֮ʼƴȫ۹󽫣ֻϧһһεʧˡ۹󽫺׼۷忴Ʋ಻ԶԷ糾Ҫﵽ۹󽫵ļԶûô򵥣ⲢֻŬġ
ڳ˼ʱͻȻһƿԷ糾һأû˿ĶӦһֻɫӥɶ룬˽
Ǵͳţ
Է糾ƳһֻӥԺһͷѸٵĴӥϵż㡣Է糾һۣһ漴¶һ˿ĵЦ
壬ǺܿҪˡ
Է糾΢΢һЦܿӵ˳ȥ
ȥ׼
Ƭ̺Է糾ʳǣʮ֮Ĳӣ֮ӿ
¡
ʱ֮󣬻ʹţȴû򿪹ĴţͻȻȻ漴𶯣ͬɸһͺһֻֻεľײŵ档գۼ䣬ֻһƬɫĳˮӿھ޴ĳź󣬳ǧĺڼ׽ƺƵХ
Ľ֧ͬͽȻͬ䡢£ޱȡÿһ׸˵ĸоأǴף¾ҪӴ˵ս
ֻڼ׽ȴû˿о
¡̳ǧڼ׽̤һ̣ؼž޾µĳƺҳ
ǡôûм֧
ǿƣЩһ
꣡˵ûǵ𣿡

һЩ;̷գһĻ׷׾ȥھʦľˣڻʹеĽ˼ָơһ֧ȴûʲô˼ûŹ
ȻȺһƬ֣ǧ˵ĺڼ׽ȴžԵྲǰĹУսû˿Ϣ
ˣֻɲǼ䣬ǧڼ׽ѸٵʧڳС

ͬʱ뾩ʦ￪ϻɽ¡ɽı棬һصʯŴ򿪣Ƭ֮һ֧ǧ˵Ĵɽл˳ֻǧ˵һɫ԰ףǻϢȴ籩һ㣬һ絶ʣޱȡ
ϸȥͻ֣ᷢЩ·ʱÿһͻһĵۼǧϵϢһģһȻеͬһѵͬһֹ
ǧԣɫ飬ȫһģһһ˰㣬һԵ
һǧȫϣһ
ǧñһʱӦףʲô
СһּףվʯſڣĿɨ
˸µʱѵڸõǳɽһ֣ˣõоʶʱˣ𣿡
ɽϿջ졣
ǣ
ǧ뵥ϥ£ͷӦˣǧȵɲǣǧ˵Ϣٴ뺣һ塣ǧϷۣݻһʮɸߵľ޴Ӱ
ǱӴޱȣҵƺض
ڿһĻĵͷڤڤУܾǰʼѵ֧ʱ˵Ļ
С壬֧ӶҷǳҪĹȥ֮ҹκιҪԡϣδܹѵһ֧µı֣ĳҪĳϣҽõǡСˣ
һĻվһƬǰǰδеء
һ̣ڷ·ܵĳָȾһĵ˵ͷʱڻ˵仰ʲô˼ֱܾԺڽ֧ѵһ̶ȣԼУһڲףǾ仰ʲô˼
ھȻǽһ֧رǿ֣Уϻɽѵڣڵջʵʱˡ
У
һܿع
׼ף֮׼
ͷҲص
ˣ
һɽĽ̹ٻӦ
ʱ֮ǧȫ룬һɷ籩㣬ɽϯ£ȥ
常Ҳֻܰ㵽ˣ֧Ѿѵɣ͵常͸ʣµľͿԼˣ
ɽϣ֧ԶȥĴþò

ʱȥڰǧԷ糾ѵĺڼסСѵǧӾʦʱҹʱʦġ˶˯ʱûж֪ھǵĳΪ⣬Ϊ˾ġո֮⣬ǧأʹͷĬĬĵţһ
ǰۡѾһٶʷܶطѾ¶໵ļ񡣵ǶھԼеľ˵ȴһʥء
Ϊƣľڵĵط
ҹɫ͸һЩ䡣
ǧӰŵһ¾ŵ˸ۡеλѹúܵͣϮûκεϢ
ǽⲻ֪վ˶ãڡ
ɣ
һϵӸдƽƽžͺκѰˡ֨ƣǲϵոĲͻȻ򿪣ǧУӰ̲ס̧ͷɫ죬͸˷ܺͼɫ


1039 ˹صҿܣ
ƾ
˭Ҳû뵽λһĴڣԭǣѵǡ
У
һõѵԼ̵ɣʹЩӰܿͷѹסеļǧӰ룬ܿո֮Сһ߰С֣ͯЦЦ֨Уܿ˲š
ŲŵĹرգոͺһռһǧ˵Ϣ˲ʧ٣ͺû˽ȥһ
ʦ֣ҿǰ㲻ٵæɱлҡ
ոһž޴Ļ£ʱĺͯСᡱͬʱҲյӣ¶һ˿ЦݣȻɿ˫֣һֻԵǽɫӥͻȻ𣬳ȥ
ֻ嵱ӥӥʱ򷢻ó

ս¡¡ʥʵһεĴ߻ݶӴսתСϻɽԼո֮У˳£ϵѵһ֧֧ǰδе۷ӵʱ³λ͢سƶ£ҲѸٵͨһ͡
ʥ飬ЩԼٶȣ˷ͨĶУ¤ϡƵıصȫһ棬³ȡ˽еĽ飺
󾫶࣬Ÿ󶼻ȫϣԾͶ佫Ԯ˹Կʳ
ԤϣֵƣߴۿۣΥĸ󶼻һȴԤϵϡ

ˣ˼񣬳͢һΣǷּסݺ֥·ǵֿʳ˵ǰߣҲķߡʧܣǱͻ׵УԲǱйʲôĶԹҶҪʱ£ȫϣ
ǵĵ㽫̨ǰ溲ɫ£ȫװΰһ㡣
󽫾ģĩף
˼ϥأͷڸ溲ǰһ񡣶ǧϢɽ糤ϻƥǧӱоϸѡľ
¤սƵȻǾ񣬵ЩսʿûһսһͣȫĴսʿ
ܺãж̤ϸԭȫȵһս֮ʾ뿪Ԯ˹棡
溲˵գͻȻסϵĳȻϵһʣңңָƵ˹ظԭһɲǣԣ溲ϢĿޱȣ

ԽƹһХ£ײΡȻıǳǽϣһĺϣս˻ǵĴŵһȫ౱糱ˮ㣬һ㳲űȥ
أ
ĺŽ쳹ԭ

Զڱ֮ǰգսڴƶ޾ڣǧ̤࣬һӿĸһ㣬ӶȥеĶУУûѹģǰ󶼻ث
ǳثҲĿŵ˿ûй˼ɡ
޵ؽ磬ӣɡͻʺһǿԨģ͸߾۹ռݼƵģڶļثİ
ث
ΪƣʥһǿĶ֣Եѹ˲ԨҰĲҲֻվڸ߸ߵġɳǡϣȻ̾
գ
󣬽нԶǧ󷽣Ӱһһ֣ĬĬעţһޣһɽ
Щȥľ䣬ɽɫӡ
ʦһУɽһõֵܰʷǡǸ˵ԼҲɽΪ֪һеô£ΪʲôǸδıĽӵܣ񣬾Ѫһ
ûСûпܡ
ɽйâֹ˫ּȭּ¡
ûпܣ
ûȵɽ˵޾ʹ룺
˵ķ֪û˸涯ֽšһ̡ʱˣǾĿˡ

¡¡ԭϣҰݲƵĸ֧ӸطӿͰʱΡȻʵ˹ظԭϣһ֧֧ɫĸ׷״˷ӿ
Щÿ˶˹еİף׵ơɫŸвͬڸͬ
ڲͬҡ塢ϵЩ˹սʿȴӵһͬص㣬ÿһ϶ǿޱȡ
𣿡
ھӵǰأһϴŰɫ׵˹佫ͻȻڵ
˹佫Ũܵİ룬˱ҫ۵ģ֣һɹɳĹâ·𵶽һ㣬ı
ϸȥͻ֣ᷢ˺ͱɱĴâм֮
Ӷף벻ӼΪ˳ԮޣȻҲٻˡ
һбɲﴫڶ棬һʮ˹佫󽻲˶˹䵶һƥƤë͹⻬ĴԣŴӶײ
ҲҲһӴѩɽٻ𣿡
Ӷ׿Ŵ
Ҫ˵Щˣ̫ʴѩɽˣҪͬʱô뿪ظԵļ塣
һյսһഫҵ꿡ܣ¡Ŀѩһ
һɲǼ䣬˷е˹佫Ĭĵ˵ͷ
ѩɽ˹ظԭʥأ˹ص۹ӵгȻĵλȻ׵սͶɡӡ衢յһЩϵҴ壬һֱǧ˿Ƶϵ
ÿ꣬Ҵ嶼ӵһɳӵȥѩɽμӿˡЩͨ˵ˣʸѩɽĴʦѧϰ书
ѩɽΪ̓ЃʥҲʥɮϰĵطڴѩɽ߷壬Ͻκ˽롣ӶڴѩɽϰʮˣûнҲʥɮ˵ˡ
ȻȲǷףһǾ׵ľѧصĴշӽâܵĴѩɽȫǳ
ѩɽʥɭϣÿ˳Լĵطɽϲ߶ûǲɽģһηôͬʱɽԷǱѰ
۹ͣͬСɣΣڶһӦ˶ˡ˹ñǼٻǸʲôӦöֻҪ˹ǣ᳹׵С⽫ǴƱָıĿʼֻл˴ƣǳ߽⣬ǲпܱеǳѡңܴ⡣
ʱͻȻһϺƽһͷȥֻһ佫һƥӺ󷽻


1040 Ť
ϵϢӴޱȣȻ¶ִ󽫵ķɣȻѾﵽ׼۷ľ硣
ֻϸоͻ֣ᷢһֺϢУ̺һ˿ɱ¾Ϣͺһͷײеľޣƥȴ¶һ˿㡣
Ħ
佫һҿͻȻͺһ˳Ҳ¶һݣ׷ȥ¶ηɫ
Ħ
˹ص۹ž¡ϵĶʵµ۷׼ⲻηԭ򣬴ĦҲϹѩɽϰ书ɱԼأϰ书Ҳͬɱ¾⣬Ħϲŭ޳ڴѩɽʱɱѩɽĴʦǣڴѩɽɽ¹ꡣ
ֱɱ½˺ܶ࣬ŽȻ·ŵž¡ϵĴ󽫾۹󽫼ǿΪſѹסϵɱħˣУĦҲʱʱķʧأ¾ɱԼˡ
ڣ˼Ҫս
˭Ҳû뵽󽫾ѹƣĥɱԺħԵĴɱ񣬾Ȼʱ˳߻ûκοԿˡɱԣ˶пܱɱ⡣
ߣ
ĦһЦĿ磬һɨѾеη壺
İɡһΣһ𵶣ѹϵ书ɱԣԷģһ֡
Ħ˵ţһЦע⵽Ħ󻹱һɫ̵ϣһɫądͼԶԶȥһɸоһɴķ¶̺ڵ֮С
У
һǱԴŴѩɽӡķ𵶣ֿһ۴Ħƽɫгһ

æͷ
ĦǸĴʵԶڳǿ󣬳˵۹󽫣Ҳûѹסˡ
ߣ߰ɣ˹еҿɱˡǣҿûʲôȤ
Ħ˵ţЦһ֮дж
󣬴ӶסԼڶԭҵĶǿ߻࿴һۣ˼Ƭ̣漴ڴĦԲԭ䡢ҵĸԭһкƺƵһл۳һ㣬Ŵ޵ڵĵطȥ

ʱȥ˹عȥһ·۽ңԶ˹֮ǣһŵ鷿У޾ƺƵͬ޾һ㣬ڷÿһ䡣룬һһӰ֮Уҫ䡣
ϸȥͻᷢ־ڽӰ·һӰһǵӰģеƺƵڷﴩһȦȫӿصڡ

컯ѧһУͬʱҲǿһСо仰һеѧУ̫޼ԪɹšһͬʱҲ¼ǿѧ
컯Ȼ̫޼ԪɹҲǿΪ컯š֮֮³ϫ֮оͿԿó
컯֮ﵽޣͿ֮
һеа湦ǿһУҲа˵µľѧ֪ɸ֣ϣаȫа˵Сǿ󣬵Ҳѡ
˾֮ﲷľľﵽ׼۷ļ𣬸Ͳ߱ʸ񣬲ˣҲѶҲء
С磬ֱǵһŤڶʱشԲĴ
ÿһصѶȣ֮ǰĶоѧ
ˣ
֪˶ãƮ裬磬һֱ»ӰȴʱͻȻ£¡һɲǣͻ𣬷·𺣳һȻֳɫһһ죬ںϣǼ䣬ͺһֻεĴŤͻȻģ
һȥһ࣬еʧȥ˱ӣ¡¡ȻУȴһּΣյĸо
꣡
ܵӰģǷڵľ壬еľһ𣬲ĹУѸٵάάľ˿ӱ¡¡һȦȦӿֻգۼ䣬һľ˳ǧάľ˿֮Уתںת
žžžţһɱѣЩµģĴѸըϸСİɫĩͬͬάľ˿һ𣬾˹֮Уת
ڴ֮鷿еľӡȫһ˲䣬ʧķһڷתֻһ֨֨죬͹ӵģε¯Ҳųܲס¯ĽžžͻȻڶ⣬һϸƣȻѸ̮
˹ĳ֮ڷ¯ȫǶľ죬ɴʳĹǧɡǴʳЩı¯¯һǳǳĺۼ£ЩȴȫˣһſϸɢڿС
ȻһлԶûнеѹԽԽǿϵıҲһµӰɫԽԽǿңҲԽԽҫۡͣϷŤУȻֳһŤĺɫʱѷ죬ǵڶ
ÿһϸĺɫѷ죬һſͣͨſֲԨ
飡
ͻȻ֮䣬һ˿Υ͵Ϣͺ籩֮Уһ׵һɲǼ䣬Щſɵѷ죬ȫʧ𡣾Щ񱩵ҲһɲǼɢ
ˣʧȥ֧֣еάľ˿״ɷĩʱ׷׵˲ָ˼ž
ϧˣǲ㣡
һ̾һ۷䣬ĿӣѸվ
ǿģҲģ屾ɵһ㡰Ť֮󣬽һڶġʱʧˡˣҲûջ
Ȼʧܣ塢õ˴Ҳ˲٣Խ
ˣѷʰһ¡
̧ͷͻȻڵ
ǣˣ
һ洫ޱȡ
˵ͷصĲкһѴ򿪷šƿŵɲǣһɱİɫӿ롣˫΢Уоһɺ⡣
ԽԽˡ
а˹ϿգܲһƬ䡣ȻĽԶûеѩʱ򣬵Ѿܸоõ¿ʼ𽥽ͣ˹УܶطѾʼȼ¯Ϻˡ
䣡
˼ʱͻȻһɧ˹ڴĺ


1041 İӳ֣
ô£
üķһۣͬʱйһʿ
شˣ޲ˡҹ˼ͷ޲˵붬֮ǰǲģ׷׳Ҫ뿪
Աߣʿ
꣬󲿷ֶͨһЩҲЩ˽⡣˹ǺҲЭ
򣿡
üͷһ
Ҳ֣Ӧò̫£޲һӸ˵ĸչˣ¸ᶳʱ򣬸ܹżжҲͷǽ껹ûѩѾʮͷˡ޲˵ⲻʲôס
վſڵİսʿͷ
üͷøˣԺһͷЩԺбԽˡʲôû˵
׼ô
忪ڵ
ֵսĹؼʱڣЩ为ͰĺڹӦʱǾԲߵġһ޲뿪ʱҲ׷׽뿪Ͱ˵ɾ޴Ӱ졣
̽ѾŰǺѶǰȥˡѶӵкܴӦܺܿ찲
սʿ
仰΢΢˵ͷԭüͷҲչ֥ԼһҲʶԣرɳ˳ǧͷѶɣλ棬޲Ӧܺܿ
߳̽Ժ飬͸жţ󣬾ɴƸ⳥
忪ڵ
ǣˣ
սʿܿ췴ӦһѸԶȥ
ڸԹϽԼĲӣΪ˸õعͨЭ˫ɳԼʿԷǲͨޡվſڵİսʿǸ֥ɸġ
սʿͻȻһڣڣѸųĵڶȥ
˹йɶʮˡһѾռݣڶѵ˹Уһ֧֡
Х廹ûеִڶԶԶ͸оһӴ𶯣𶯲ͬЩһһͬ˳㣬нСͬʱź
壡


һźգʮ㣬һְ۲أһǰơ
İӣ
΢΢һЦԶԺһͷ͵һȥܿϵ˵ڶ
޴ɺʯɣԵһľˡ㳡ϣһ֧ӽ˵ľֳǽڿ̿ѵÿʿһ߳Ĵִеʿػأֻм򵥵ɨ
Ȼ򵥣ǵһսʿʹͬĶʱǹɽ𺳲ѡ
٣


еʿɫͨ죬䤱ظյ鵶Ķ򵥵ÿһƴȫ
ˣ
壬Կ֮ϯԪ졢¦ʦǷ׷ӭ
İѾ߳Σ˼ģ
˿壬Ŀж𾴡İ룬ҲǸ֥϶ȫϵģܵ󶼻Ӱ죬˶ǳģȫԸҹѵǵΣֻʸ
û˵Ŀ⻺ɨĿҲòϣϯԪ졢¦ʦǺ͸Կ֮ѵ֧ӣеĻҪõöࡣϯԪ¦ʦǱϾǰе޽ʵս鼫ḻȫԸϣİӳ͵ٶȱĻҪöࡣ
岢û׿ڣһ̡
䣡
ϯԪ졢¦ʦǡԿ֮㵺𾪵ĿУͻȻתû˿ף͵ͷųһɽХľơɲǼ䣬ֻպǹӴʵʣӿкݺݵײѵеİʿš
һͻһǣһȺѵк׼İʿ˲һƬҡ
ڵʵǿľѹѰİʿܵ˵ġƵӰ£İʿŵѵܵ˸ţҳֳŵươ
Ȼһ̣ۿİʿžҪʱͻһİʿԭΪսǾһ̣ݼ£ͺͻȻ֮ѹǧİʿϵϢٴ뺣㣬Ϊһ壬Ѹ۳һ廹Ҫֲơ
¡һ룬ǹӴƣǵأɽײһɲǼ䣬زڶϷĿصģĺ
ϣ
ֻһ˻µİվȣͻȻ˼
ˣ
һĻϯԪ졢¦ʦǡԿ֮һæӭ
û£
һڣû˳ֹǡһϢһ壬ͭǽڰİʿо䣬¶һ˿ϲõЦݡ
İʿǿĵطǸ˵˵ϢΪһ壬ΪһɴݻٵߣǼͭǽڣҲǵֽһսʿϢΪһ壬ɱɱһǰƣսϳ޵еԭ
ϯԪ졢¦ʦǡԿ֮ȻҲ׹ټһ˼
֥󶼻ʼʱҲΪʲôҪ齨һ֧ӣһǱȱ¡ѾûٻˣϯԪ졢¦ʦǵ˵ĽǶǹӴƼ侪ˣһԸıս
Ժͳѵ񣬻İӵľ裡

ĩף
Ӧǡ
Ҳ˵һսİӵ֮Уһһġ
ס뵶һߴס뵶ߴܷӳİ⣬ʱһֻҪҪ
ǣף
Ķˣٹͷʱֱ۲ȫֱһḶ́ͺһڱֱͻʽϣȱͨ
ǣ

İлʻһУЩİʿĶ
һ֧µı֣ǰҲѭֻⷽһһָ󣬸Կ֮ϯԪҲ֧֮һϸμ
ϯ¦ʱޣİѵʱ䲻࣬ϣμסҸոպ˵Ҫ㣬ⷽͽˣǣ
˷ģһȫԸ
ͬ
˵ʱͻȻһֻӥշӶ£ķȥ
ţ
üͷһѸһָסշµӥӥϽż㣬ֻһۣ϶ʱ¶һ˿ϲɫ
ڳˣ


1042 
һɲǣжʱ˲١³Ա壬Ĺģͨø֣Է糾ڹѵѾȫĸ󶼻溲ثѾɳԮ
еһѾ̤죬СɳѾܼƽӽıڸЩȫı֡ǵװȸֻ࣬ǵսЩ˾Ժѷɫ
Ҳⳡսϣ
ǰҲѾӦѵǧҪֻʣһĵطˡ
૵֧˵еļ
Է糾Сѵ溲ǰ˼˳ļƻУֻеһؼģ֧
ֻǱĹݡٶȸ涼侪ˣԶԶԽͨ񣬸Ҫǣ֧ǿӣܹƾ˵ʩչһ󷨡󷨷Χڣ˵һ𣬲ֹǿǵʵҿƾ󷨵ÿһܵĹȵķɢˣʹÿһսܵͻ
һʵʹâܵĴ֮ǳƣͬĵطڣһʩչܹͣշԲڵԪϵӿ󷨣ӳʿڣʹǵͻָ
κһ֧õİʵҴӿɳսʱ䡣
ǰ̫ʱ֧̫ҫľ֮һʱĹȥϼ̣ڵĴѾĴ˵ˡ
ȴ֪ھʦʵһ֧Уֻ֧࣬ǧˣǼѪˡ
Ҫ뽫ӵ£ͱҪмİ
ֻܾλǰˡ
૵ԺиֳһӰ͸˺ɫ
ھʦңһǴƵĿǵ˱ʥʱѾû䣬ϵҫټ֧ûʲôܳ˲ţҲܵ͵ھм˹ע
ȴ֪Զеǿö࣬ڶУһλǰšλǰĳǺͬʱһܾ֮ǰѾˣ綼Ϊˡ
λǰָ£ʱֻһ飬Ǵ¸ѰЩʼѵĺӣ뼫Ѫ
ֻǼҪʵ̫ˣҼɣԶΪֹѵļҲֻǧҶӲʾˣҲ裬ҪӶ赽֧ǿ£ܡ
ȴ֪Ƕ̻ģǶĻ壬ϵ£ϣ֧ڼҹ𢣬У˼ٹ˽ĳЩ˽ĿĺҰģˣز
Ѧǧֽͱ
ͷҲص
ǣү

Ƭ֮һֻӥ𣬴һ˹ĵƵͼױţԽǧɽˮʦķ

ƾʦʳϣһϵĸۡӳ£ֻۡĸĽ֣

ԺգûȨңԶֹһֻ֮һΪ˲ŵ㣬û䣬ڽۡᵽƫƧĵط׵İҴ塢ȨȺӵĵطھʦ֮Եüͻأ

һֻӥͻȻ£ಣӥû£濴ƽиĶУһӰͻȻĳεĽһ̽ѾץסֻӥӯĴ
ţ
Ūãظ֣Ѹٽ֮Уߵǰеż˹ȥ
ϣһƳ룬ʮ꣬ɫ󣬼主̬˿ż㣬üëһЩ⣺
ô£Ƕ;ȨôܻյţȷûнӴ𣿡
˳
ûдȷʵǶġ
ظֹ
ԥһ£ڴλнӹż㡣
ǡ˹ţôܣ
ӹż㣬Ŵɲǣ˻һһ˫ͫͺһ
ܣ
һʯǧˣ˲ɲ˹ҲţǶһ͵;еҴ嶼ôҲףôͶϹϵ
ż㣬˺ܿżеݣ˺ǣ˵Ϣȫˡ򵥵ż㣬мӵһ˹ͼ˳õĳ˼
ףô֪ξټһм
˳˼ʱͻȻһһĻعͷֻһʮһˣ֪ʲôʱߵ󣬽еżݿһ顣
ڶô
һĽţһѸٵĽеżһţ
ʲôҪ˵ξټҸûʲô
һ˵ţһߴһĴ̫ʦվѸȥ
Ǹף˹ֵ÷зŹ̫ʦˣʥʶ׿ڣⲻξټұЧƵʱ𣿶ǧñһʱξټһѵΪĲǽҪȻôѵã
ξٷһӼˣһᣬſ˫ۣԼҸǰ
˶ΪǵС˼Ҳ֪ξټҵļ˽ģҪͷأȥƾԼƽƵĹߡΥѵΪξټҴ֮
ξټ˫ŭɫ
Ǹףֻ뱳ξټϵٹ⣬ѵҲдѵ͸ξټĬĬ𣿣
ԤϣξٷԲ۾Ȼ˿á
ž
ξٷڵ䣬һصĴϣ޴һ򣬲ˤڵء
ʮǰľ㶼𣿵常һ뷨Ҫξټ壬͵͵һ֧ͶӣԿʱӡ˭뵽ܵӾȻ˻λΪ˵ʥʣΪξټξټαذԭĸۡᵽеȨϾ
ξټɫ࣬ξٷһɸ֡
ξٷɫһϣⷬʱ˵
ξٷڵ常ξˣξټѵһţʼߡ͵͵ƭΥѵ뵽֮УǴ֮õԸΥڵξټ壬ûлָյٹ⣬Խûˡ


1043 ʳ㼯
ǸףүүŹǵ¸أϴε֮սɢҲƣŹӶļǧðž޴ķսϣϵˮ֮Сѵ֮Ҳֵξټ𣿡
ξٷŸ߸ʲô
ˣܿܣ֮ô֪ҲҳӣξټҵļֻΪҹЧҪǱãΪξټҺҹᣬһңʱΪξټһδ𣿻ϴʥʵĴ𣿡
ξټޱȡ
ξٷɫʱ˵ˡ
ϣҹ
ξټŭ
ˣ
ʱͻȻһϵӵ´лصξټξٷڣɫһξټɫ͸һ˿ηξٷȴ͸һ˿ϲɫǣ
үү
ڶ˵Ҳû
ǲϵ
ϣ
仰ξټ΢΢ɫ
ڶүү㣬˵Ǹ壬ǾŹȫ𣿡
ǲϵһ㣬ڸӶ˶߻ص
үүǧȷ
ξٷڳ
үү֪ˡξٷ磬ǷùҪһ
ǲϵޱȡ
ǣϣ
ξټԥһ£վ޷Υϵ˼Ƿţ֮ͥС

֮ҹʱ֣ξٸۡĺԺ¡ͻȻѿ¶һ޴ĵͨһ룬һӶӵĺɫ۱ӵ˳ÿһϵϢ˵ĸоͺһѳʵĳһʱ׼նȥǵϢȴֲأһǿСΪصģЩͷ
кڼÿ϶һޱȵߡ
ݣ
Ϊ׵ļһ۳Ҷǧ༫ѸʧҹɫС

ʱȥơ˹ءͻʺͬʳڣĸ۹Ĺÿһ룬ȡʱ䣬ⳡսвϵ׳Լʵ˹һԽΣգĸ۹ûκһ¶ҪǾʹ˰ݵļ
ɽ¥ÿһ˶֪˹ѾһըҩͰֻû֪ʲôʱᱬѡ

ңԶĴʳ۹ΪĺɺҹŨ̳ΪϿĿı־
ÿһգдǳĿױЩľսʿϡ֧ʳ۹սеһǿţÿһնԼķʽţԽĿֲǿ
¡¡
ɺĳУĴʳҹԼգʱͻȻ֮䣬𶯣һǿҵдУս˻ŭ߳ڤڤв֪жźɺ
ڶĹһҡɺѾ˺ü¼ľʿΪֹץɺ
˭Ҳ֪ЩɺǲǳԼġЩ޴ʳˣŴʳǿĶ칤ҲǵĹĿꡣ
ϣϣ
ֻһĺΧľʿѸٲȡ˴ʩ
˿ɣ
ʱ򣬳һһӰͦѸٴ˳ľ˾ŵͳ찬ˣԶķ¶һ˿Цݡ
ǰ˹Ĵˣ
仰еĹһ㵣漴ܿ찲ΧľʿҲڰ˵ʾ£ȫɢȥ
˹ܶʳ۹ǿ֮ܶһ
ʱںɺȻΪ˺ѹľ˾ŻϣһΪ˹˶ȥġ
Ȼһ㣬̫
¶һ˿Цݡ
ϣ
ʱһս˻ͻȻ˼žͬһ㣬ӺɺϿշӶˣսĳ˻Ъһ㣬ͻȻһƬͨ죬ƬͨĻУһǿֲϢ籩һ㣬Ȼ˵ĸ֪С
ˣ˹Ҳһ𣿡
ɺǣδ䣬͸գ˷һ׳˶ӰغɫŨܺ룬һƥһ˶ߵĺɫԣ̤ħ㣬Լķ̤
һ֧ǿľִĩһ㣬ӵ
˹ҿǷͶ﷢ʹ˾㲻Ҳɰɡ
˳Цһɰҵƣ·ɽ緢һϱ԰ΪģԲ֮ڣ𶯣նŤƾȻѷɫڰ˹
ԶصУ˹Ŀ绢˵ľ⣬Ծ˵ٶȷ̤ӿֻƬ̵ʱ䣬˹һ˶ߵĺɫԣһ㣬˹ĳ⡣
ӿ˹һ޴ĺɫ磬ӭ裬ԭΰӰеԽߴΰ
ٺ٣ˣҪˣ
˹Ӹ£Զ̨ϵİˣٺЦ
ֻǵĿ겻ǺɺǶΰĿ꣬磡һΣǽ˹ӭ
Ц
˹һЦѸٵĲǰһ£̨ϵİرһ
ʳ۹ݻٹϺɺߣһΣ

սĺŽѾ죬Ű˹ĵɺѾۼһľʮİ˹ҪǳأѾΪһʵľ
Ű˹ĵִʳ۹ӴսʼѸٵת
Ŀ⿴ĵطһ֧ӴľӣҹԼգԾ˵ٶȣӱ˹顰ɺ֧ͳ˧ʱʳ۹
ʳ۹Ļʵ۹﷢Ҳͬע֧ӵж
һɫĵһս죬ɫĻ£һƬڷյı½
ڴʳ۹սԶΪһˣʳԺյһλܶ
սܶײ

ʳ۹Ѫܶ˹֣ܶ˹ľ˾ŵͳ˧λϺɺġߡҪöࡣڴʳս࣬ɱǿ࣬ͬʱҲǻ۹ܶ
ҪǴʳʵ۹﷢ΪȨƽ⣬Ѫܶ˹֣ܶ˹ľ˾ŵͳ˧ɹȥͬʱְײɺѾײǰ˹ˡ
ߡţҲͲˡ
ټսܶײڴʳ۹ʷϣǵһΰôඥǿܶһѾԽ˵ս𣬴ﵽ˵۹սļ


1044 
ɺţʳ£Ǹ˵ƶľۼ
ʮ֮
һ֧ʮ˵ĸϻսϢںɺ
ˣ
һ̣ƥɫսǵҫ۵Ӱ֣˺Ͱ˹ɫ΢ϣ¶һ˿ɵɫ
߰ɣ
ӰȫںĽɫսУӸ´Ȼһһûж㴩ɺźɭ֣ԼңԶ˹ȥ
󣬺ӿӿƵϵūͰ㣬˵󣬳ȥ

ŴʳľӴӺɺǰߣһʱ䣬ӥŸ˷ʳ۹ڲҹ塢ܶ佫Զڰ͸Ĵʳʵ۹﷢˶ڹעⳡǰδеĶж
˹˵Ӫأһֻʳ·һ㣬£ڴֱϡ
Ǻǣô죬жˡ
еż㣬¶һ˿Цݡ
ǰ˹ִӺɭַġʮĴʳԮλ۹ܶټ;ļʳһΣһ֧ʷǰĴʳӣƺƵɭ֡ǿ̶ȣѾֹܹ˹֮սּսˣӰơ
ӦøıĿˣ˵οһǳɣ糹
һ˿ѩĹâָһ˹ֵż㣬촷ۡ
ʮʳټ˹ѾԮۼıѾﵽʮ֮࣬һ۹󽫼ǿߡѾԶԶ˵ڶ֮ϵڴ޵һУû齨ǿľӡ
֪ͨ˼ϣ׼ս
ŤͷһԵĴ
ǣ
ɶȥĿʧԶŻջĿ⣬۹󽫡
ľս׼𣿡
غͶç֧û˵˶ص˵ͷĿһ˿ᶨĹâ
˶״޵˼һսҪܴƣıƺ˹֮⽫Ļᣬɹʣ
ټ
Ŵ޵һһɷ籩˹˹Ӫضʱϯ硣עһĴս

˹صĴӿһִͻȻ˹ӪϿշӶһʱ䣬ƹ˹ձԽ

⣬ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һֻӿ¡ͬյ˺ɺ˷Ϣ
Ǵʳˣ
еݣжʱ˲١
һڵˣ
˹ܶײܶ˹ʳ۹ľ˾ţһʮ˺ƺƵڳ˹ķһĴսڿʼˡ
Ž֥󶼻ȥʱ׼ս
˵仰ӷ˳ȥ˹ĵڶ
壡
ֻһ󱩺ɲǼ䣬ӿڵڶϿգһȵǵأɽεУȻԳֺĳۡ
һµʱ䣬İΣ

˹ȻýţȻһսӰԶֻ˹ô򵥡
ƶϣĳɽ֮УïܵĹ飬ĵƣ鲼ɽ͡һһʮľ޴ɽҰ޺УƫƧ£˵ǶһЩ˵ָ߸͹ɽֱʥһ㡣
үүҵͷѨ𣿡
ïʢһࡢ۵ϸȥֻһïܵĹľУһ߰ͯųĴأһͷţǰСţƤë͹⻬ڲȻһȻǷ֡
Ǻǣˣˡ
ڴСͯǰ棬һߣ룬һֻ̣ͭһֻµĺ룬Ŀⲻͣܣһָ㽭ɽӳⷽٵӡ
ˮߣʿ
ڴƣһ֧߷ˮ۲ΣԼʿֳΪʿ
ƽʾˣĳЩضʱ䣬Ż󲿷ʱ򣬶ǹ۲ɽˮ;С
ҵˣ
Ƭֻ֮ͭϵָһָһ򣬶ͬʱɷǵҲͻȻһЦһָԶƣŵһɽ¡ԶԶȥ⴦ɽǡǡһֻ޴ͷףſڴ֮ϣȻߡ
үүҵԺǾҪｨ𣿡
Сͯ
СϣǰүүҵѨǾｨһľݣػ˵òã
߻ףСཱུͯգһ谮
ˣ
ү˵ʱͻ𣬺¡¡Զһֻͷľ޴ɽͻȻɽʯϴɽϹԭɽİɫͻȻ֮ҲܵʲôһƮƮѸٵɢ
⡭ô£
߻ͷȻһ˶סˡ
ͷڣִ꣬ǧ궼ױ䶯˵־ˡ
үү
ͻȻ֮䣬ţϵСͯʲôȻָϵ̣ͭԲС۾һ㵣ͷеָ벻֪ʲôʱͻȻת
¡
һɲǣֻһ춯صľ죬һһ˵ĿУͷڵɽͻȻȻ̮ͬɰһ㣬׹ȥ
춯⡭ôܣ
׻һ¶
ݴأӵĹɽֻмӴɽܳƵϡЩ궼˿ı仯󣬸Ǻÿһζݴػо޴ı仯
𣡡
Ժиոͷһ̣һľдֻ̮ĵط̳Щɳû׹䣬һ£з
ܿ˵ı仯ˣߺʹغͯ𺳵ĿУһ޴ͻȻɽͷεض
̳ɳԪɣǡۡۡβеһ޲ȫ
޴ǰվɽߺʹغͯһСХķ籩·Ĵӿɿ£еľɽʯھҵķڿն𣬶Ҳ·ܵһɽг˷
ʱ˿̣ضͷεѹǰ˵ľҲ
һ̣ţ߰ĴСͯ˺£ĿһգҪͣˡ
ֻУľ޴Σ죬š˻ţ·żʹࡣ
үүΪʲôʹࣿ
СͯĿſУСܹˮߣ鼮κһ鼮үү˵Ķûǰ
ȻߴʱмѾȫСͯˣֻʣһ
ףǧݱ䣡
߿գоȻ¶һؿ־塣


1045 صս죡
Ϲо޴ƣݵǧˣֻ䣬־޴䶯ʱ򣬲ŻǰһĻɵΣܹӦڤڤмΣʹ˻ֻһݴؼ仯һ޴ĺƽټ٣
ôн٣н٣ұ뿪ʦţ֪ͨƻң
һΣͻȻһţϵĴСͯ˲ʧ١

оڤڤⳡΣģԶֹǾݵĴ
ҹƻʹڣ̨࣬
޴չ״̨ϣһߴɫĻۣڹ̨һ·̨Ϊһ塣
뷢԰ףɷǣܣһһŷ·ǳĹ㣬ҹ֮УߵıӰеޱȡϸȥͻ֣ᷢܵĹϵǳӦ͸һ
߾ͺʯһһ֪˶á䣬缤ͺһεȻһ͵һâͻȻһƬҲһЩâֱӴӰ׹ʧ
䣬ǳ󡭡ôܣôܣ
̨ϣ߶ͫ׽գǲš˳ߵĿϿȥֻǳâ仯Գһֻҵζߵпȴȫˡ
ޱǶ̫ԫǶǳȫݶңݺƽٰ
߷ҵĶ
ҿҵ
߶ֱָͦͺӵԼһϵش任Ծ˵ٶȽݼ㡣
ˣݵʱһƴƥͻȻڱŷΪģ޴Ĺ̨Ͼҵı任һ־޴ֳתȴʵʵĸͬʱİĹâУǳͬʱ֣ԸԵĹɣٱٶС
߰ü΢дʣѾȫ硣
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬еջȫɢȥ߶һ˫ѩĿ⣬ߵա
еǳһ糣ߵ۹ʹǿգһŹȺǵľ޴ǳ
˹
̨ϣʮָͻȻԺֻʣһͷ
ôᡭ뾩ʦôңԶ
ʶסˣһٴ
֥塭ʳ
ԺͷĻԺи֣㵽ʱͻȻһſ͵۳һѪ
ã˹ѣһսӰǧˣһлֻǸƽٵ㣡ұþ߱£ƣˣ
ߺϵѪĿģȻĴӹ̨վ붼ҴҵŻʹԺȥ

¡𣬶䣬󲻶ϵشӸʹ֮УȻеϢȫѹ
ҹգһƥս󣬳ףعţŻʹ۶ȥʹ֮нֹǿƥ׳ͬɫƣеĹŴεڴ򿪡ʳǣֻһ˲ӵơ
ͬ޴󽫾˼
ͬһ̷ٶʷڴƻңͬһĹΪԼľսΪͬİ˼һƺһ٣ڻʹ֮۳ҡ
ƵĻӵܶе١
ս¡¡ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬˼ʱعǣǰΡȻʣŴȨĵĴǰ
΢˼ߵʥʣ֪ʥкگ΢ضȫԸ
˼һѸٵĳ̨ףͷ­أصĹڴǰ
˼ޱȣɫƣ˶ֻֽ֪ߣͿӵϵȨҹҲڻʹСֻͬһֻ֪ڷҪʱͬһ˲ſʹá
ǴĲһҫһְʹͬһԻҵҳϺһԶԼ
ﾲĵģãһ洫˳
˼һҪҪ㡭
ʥϷԸ
˼һݣͷ­øˡ
ͬһ弴̵ǧ˹򣡡
ʥʵƮӴд
ǣ
˼ͫһͬһ̷꣬뿪ʦ󲿷ʱ۶ʥʵĻ˼û˿ԥ
΢ּ΢ʹͬԮ͸ߴ˹ʳˣ
˹˲֪˲˼Ȼ巢ͻڶʹ¼ийҵĽ棬ֻҪʥʵ˼;ԲΥ廹κˣͬ˶ĽȫԸͬ˶Իҵԡ
ˣֻҪɳǧͬ޻һ
ʥʵϺƵӴд

˼һ̧ͷû뵽ʥȻǻһ
ȥɣ
ʥʵлص
ˣһ̣ʹͻȻ¡һ𣬾ڰ˼ĿУһֻ޴ĽƣźףͻȻӳĵ˳ȫźصףͬһ㣬Ѱǰ֮һ
ں֮£һŹ޵ס
˼ģڹ̷ô꣬ûмŻĺڰϢ԰˼ΪȻ޷ĵϸ⻹ð˼𶯵ģ𺳵ģްϵһ˳ս졣
ս˶ߣϸͨĳֲ֪Ľͳɣ˼Ļ޴ġս͸ڣʺ÷·óѪͰ߲ϾɣԼϺ;Զ
˼ǣ˼Ȼиоһɣ⡢Ũޱȵð˼ֵ۹󽫶Ϊ֮Ȼʧɫ
ǣ
˼һԺ͵һͷֻţû˵ܿѸٵĵͷ
벻¾Ȼսóˣ
һ̣˼д˷κˡ

¡¡
ʱ֮󣬴𶯣ǧͬһڼһ뿪ʦǰңԶ˹

ͬʱǧͬӾǳǰʱ򣬵۹ңԶͻʲԭϣһս
׼
һ쳹Ƭԭϣǧıͥ飬ųһǽǽ棬Ķܱǹڶ࣬ãã纣
еսУʱ׼
ǵĶ棬ͻеѾʣŶıͥһɱڡ
սһոǽޱȣڡ
أ
һĺŽǧͻͬйբ֮ˮ


1046 ִ󽫾
ɱǣ
Ϊе񣡡
ԭԶͻ˵ĲԭȻսǾͳȫǣ
һ춯ءͻʺͱͥһֱԿơȻÿ궼սսǿȺҶȶ̫
һΣͥȻ뿪ԼĻأͻʴԭֻʮ͸ɨͻʴԭˮϢء
ɳ޿ɺҲ˼˳ĿҰŭֱͻʺϲͻʴѹϣΧ˰˼˳
໣
ããͻһִͥһѸһΪӱֱͥƵͥĺ󷽡
ѾͻʺĵսֻҪͥԭ취Ǻ󱳽䲻
ɱ
̶̵ֻʱ䣬ͻʺĴͬ־һ㣬˷ݺݵײڱͥķϣһغضΪ֮ȻʧɫĴƲĳ±ײɳȥ
ͬʱбͥսʿҲ˷Ӧǹ֣һɱһ̣ʿҽսһϣ˸Ľڶ
˼˳Ҳ̫ԸˣҵҪʮôԸʮ
ڴĺ󷽣һӰͦһɽͰĿоâ䣬Ͷ֮¶һǿӴϢֱϢ
ִ󽫾
ͻʺλ󽫾֮һĿλ˿ڶ˼֮¡˼ȥμ˹֮սִ󽫾Ŷȸ޾ͱɳ޿ɺͻʴԭϲԸͥ󶼻˼˳ͳĴƾӡ
ŶȸҲǵһκͰ˼˳ˣ˫ѾǳϤȻװ˼˳Ĵ󽫾ΪʲôҪ뿪أðͻʴԭǺʣһȫ߱ͥļûᡣ
ҾŶȸɳ̽˼˳󷽸ûԮ
ֱѰ·
䣡
ԶͻԾѹƱͥĴʱͻڤڤУһ𣬼Ŷȸ޶ûзӦ߾ʹһҽУһģĺӰ߰ųһֱߣڳݶӳͻսʿͻȻ֮䣬ؿڱһѪս׹
Ƴ󣡡
Ŷȸһ˲˳һɼ䲻ĸо
ϸ˼˳ĶиûжٴƳ󣬶Ҳô׼Ǳͥķ
Ȼһ̣þŶȸп鷢ˡ
ڱͥ룬һͻȻ⿪Ĳᣣ¶ȴһһܼսеƳ
䣡
Щ룬һɫ꽫죬ֳȸֳݺݻ¡ɲǼ䣬ǧܴƳ뷢䣬¡ǧ籩㱬һɲǣʱ䶼·ֹˡһ̷飬ʮͻзѡ
䣡
ֻһƵͻ뵹£Щʿ֪׼˶٣ȡĽǶȫͻΪܼĵطһÿһͻ壬ЩǰսͻҲ׷أܲݰ㵹¡
ϣӽͻս׹ɲǼ䣬սһƬţһͻ۾Ҫͣˡ
ţ
û˿ԥɨʱɫ꽫죬ԥ˵ڶֻһڶٴǧÿһͬݺոŶͻ
ɱǣ
һͻͼ󳵲ӣûǿӭǵȴ֮ꡣسֵ󳵲ǰеͻԵ硣
쳷
Ŷȸ޼󺰣־ŭϳ֧αװ󳵲ӣ֮ǰ˼ظɳ޿ɺźᵽ³һ֧󳵲ӣȼߣټ죬ǳֲ
һ֧ӣ
˼ᵽ֧˹󳵲ӣԲܳȻΪʲôֶһ֧ģӴ󳵲ӣŶȸ޿Կ϶һǸĴǧ˿ƵĹϵ
ȫˣ
Ŷȸı쳹սƮŶȸ޾ѾԾһֻӥ㣬ֱ˴ƾϿա
ˣ
ǧߣھŶȸ޵ϡɲǼ䣬仯̫ҪĿľ˹âԶԶȥһ̵ľŶȸ޾ͺеľ޴ǣĿĹâȫ˸𲻳ΡŶȸϱϢҲ˲䱬ʮֹǿֲϢ˸оͷ㡣
콵
ǾŶȸͻʴԭľ֮һƾĿֲʣŶȸ޿콵һ㣬ӿײ䣬ڵзӪ춯صıը
֧󳵲ӣΪαװɴƺڲԹڼУԾŶȸ޶⼶ĴʵֻҪһش֧ͻ󳵲ӡ
Ŷȸޣʱŷмƣ̫𣿡
ʱһЦͥ޴ĺɫ˧£˼˳͵һս֮ͬ㣬
ֻһգۣ˰еľŶȸޣǾŶȸͻʺ۹֮һ԰˼˳һģҲò콵ش֧󳵲ӵͷ
˼˳ýƻ
Ŷȸ͵һһƺƺƵҲеŭ
ִ󽫾ǵһκͰ˼˳֣һεĽ棬ʵʼδ˼˳Ȼʹ͵컻յľУԼ͵͵һΣǰ˼˳ķ񡣾Ŷȸ޴벻һսĽҲͿ֪
Ŷȸޣл佱
˼˳⣬Цû˿ԥ˼˳ȫһɲǼһɻֺҫ۽ƿն;Ŷȸײһ
ȻһսעŶȸ޺Ͱ˼˳
䣡
һȴӵϴɫ꽫쳤£߰ʮ޼᲻ݵĳӸſеľŶȸȥ

ЩŶȸԽŭʱ򣬼⵽ŶȸҲ̫⣬ǰһ˼˳ȫټЩǣƣǾŶȸҲòݱ档
˼˳Ҫ̫⣬һһǱۣͥ
ŶȸһݣźͰ˼˳ֵɲǣѸԶȥ
еͻҲӡ
䣡
ǵǧܴƳһ䡣䣬һ׹ڶս˻Ⱥҽдƾں׷ɱĺսһƬ


1047 
֮ǰ֧ƾӹȵ̱ӣɱͻȻ֡ССϸڣֳ˾޴ãŶȸ׳ʿ󣬼ʱͻﳷˣսȻʬ塣
ʮͻѸԶȥӳԶͻʿļһսǰŲ̶̵ʱ䣬ǾŶȸ޺ͻٸ˰ʿͥߣʧǧսȣδй
ˣɣһսӦþŶȸһ֮ڲˣ
˼˳һ£׷ȥıͥʿȫ˻ͥӵ̫ĲأԣԶ紿ͻʾӣ󳵲ҲܸŽ
ˣǵѾɣ󳵲ӵҲѾڸõгŵʱˡ
ڰ˼˳һƬϲãбͥսʿҲһƬ˷ܵʱͻȻһʱ˵ɫ󳵲꽫һƥͻ֪ʲôʱ˰˼˳ԡ
ˣ
һɲǣΧһƬžСࡣܵıͥʿ׷꽫죬˼˳Ҳüͷһ壬ɫʱ
ˣ㵨ӲСֻ֪֪ҪԸ⣬ھͿɱ㣿
˼˳Ŀ絶
ҪɱңҵȻ޷ֿһ¹һ£˶Զ˵ĳŵͻʴսܣִ󽫾ŶȸҲѾȥڸõгŵʱˣԶ˵ݣӦòʳ԰ɣ
ɫ꽫죬ɫᶨ԰˼˳ֶĵ۹󽫣ɫҲû˿
һССԽѣȻڴ󶼻ǰҾͲǱͥʰһССԽ
˼˳ԣһıͥ죬̲סŭ
ҪɱҡǽȻýУͥԼɳԮ˹˳˵һ䣬ȻֻһССԽݡλأҺͶ˵ĽףӸǵȴĴӡľ󶼻ϣܹϸÿǣ
ɫ侲꽫첻ܣǰİ˼˳û˿á
쵰вˣ
ɱҾͲǸ󶼻Ǵô
ΧһͥĽ챩ŭѡ
Ǹң
˭ҶǴˣǾ͸ƴ
ƣֵǣ׼֣

󷽣һʿȻŭһʿ͵ͷһڵϣ¶ࡣ
Ǹң
ϣʣΧıͥսʿҲǲȻŭЩսʿȫƢ磬ȫһȺɽˡ
ˣס֣
˼˳һ£еıͥʿջ˵
ˣңʲô֣
˼˳Ťͷǰɫ꽫òϣ˼˳ȻĽ죬Ҳʶˣǰ꽫ĵʶǣʵ˲Ŀѡ˼˳˼ӡ
պɽ
ɫ꽫첻㣬η塣
ҼסˣոյĻϷԣ˵ĻһӦıͻ㡣ȥһ£ѡһЩ
лˡ
պɽɫʱ࣬˻֣һ󳵲ӵʿ
ȻЩ˶˿֮·ϵɽˣһϰ޾ûʲôأǶպɽȴ𾴡պɽѵ£ЩѲԭɽˣҲΪպɽǿĸͽ츳
˵Ļ˭ҶպɽЩ˾ԿΪȥ
պɽܿ󳵲ӣԼͥһ뿪ˡڱͥպɽҲǧܳ
ˣһǱǵԼĶ࣬ľô뿪𣿡
˼˳ԣһı佫ڵ
ǺǣΪʲôͬ⣿ֻǽѣֲĸңѵΪһô״Ӧ֮ǰҾѾ鳯͢˽һ򾫱һսĽΣǱͥڲ֮ء
˼˳΢΢Ц
ˣǸպɽļһﵹмֵǣԶ˹Ȼ뵽Ҷ˽סҿѵЩʿ䣬ȫΪȥһܵǱͥǾͺˡ
Աߣһ԰ղɵ̾
ֻǷĵһ˵ǰ˼˳ȴ˲ЦݣպɽȥķĿޱȡ
޸ɣǸպɽһ£пܣ뾡һа취еǱͥ
˼˳ͻȻڵֻһ仰н𣬶ʱͳͳ˹֮ǰ̾޸ɡڵ۹󶼻ǰɫֻ֪Ǹȷʵмֵɫ˭Ҳ֪˾ȻĶôͣҪ£ͥ
ǣˣ
޸촽˶Ҫ˵ʲôǺܿͷӦ
ҲѱĵͷͺЩɽѵɵʿһбͥĽʿڰ˼˳ҲǾԵķӡ
ʶıԡ¡ηֶһʣʲô佫֮ţǴ֮Ű
˼˳Ŀʯӹͷ
һ۹һ۹󽫣ܻо˼˳պɽὫϿֶΪǸԼ
뵽˹Ǹᣬ¾ȻôӵǿǱ˲ţһ̣˼˳Ҳһ˿ʵĸо

˷׶޴أΪһ˹֮սٴζ
ңԶһ籩ķۣǿľۼΪͨıؾ֮·˵ĸ֮ǳΪһѼ֤ߡ
쿴
߸ߵĸ֮ϣһ۵ĺͯͻȻһָԶ˷ܵĴС
һ仰ʱ˵ע⡣֮ǵĳͷϣеĺͯſɽ纣һҴӵܡáˣ׷˹ȥ
¡¡˳Сָķֻ̳һ֧ǧ˵Ķ飬ư磬һԣע˸֮ĲԶź󷽵۳ҶȥЩڼ룬һͼսƮԶԶȥĿޱȡ
ǱǸ溲󽫾ı
ȺУ֪˭
쿴
ڶǰ棬һӺɫ׵ΪۡΧıȣ֧ɫ׵ƻ£ʵҪǿࡣȻֻǧ˵Ķ飬жͳһнֹƱ֮Ҫǿöࡣ
֮ڣƣģʲôУ
벻󽫾ȻҲɳˣ
ǽ£һ¤˷ܵĴС֣ȺʱһƬȻ


1048 ˹

˵Уɴս̫̫ã͸溲ѵ֣ӱǧѡô꣬ҲֻǧˣҾڲԱ״̬
һ֧սǿľӣռƵ£˹ش󽫾Ϥŵ޹»İʨҲڼƵ£屶ԼĶʱ䴩ԷӪĴ׻
Ǳм
䡱֣ǵʥ͡
ǧǧȫһԣµĸ֮Ӷ뿪֮󲻾ãҹĻʱ֣һ֧Զ￪¡¡𶯣̳֮У˴ӿ˳ĵطȥ
⡭ô£ôɽ
֮⣬һȺ˴㵵ĿŶϷֻҹĻµԶԭһƬտĵط֪ʲôʱһΡȻʵɽͣŵǣصľ޴ɽͣȻ΢΢Ÿ֮ǵķ򿿽
ôһɲǣ֮ǰһƬš˿ľ޴ɽͣһѻȸľȻһлԶûнһ룬˶жһ˵ʼʱ΢ţֻȼ̶̵ֻʱ䣬ԽԽ춯أǧš
쿴
ȺͻȻһҹĻ£˿ԶӴɽ֪ͣʲôʱʧ٣ȡ֮һƬľˡ޾ĺؼˢǰͷȻȸ֮ǻҪ߳ʮ
ۣһСһĻʱ۵һ˳Ҳоɫǵأɽľǰɵʶȥ
ˣˣ
һ󾪺Уŵɫ׷ųȥȻû˵ڣĺʧˡʧĺ˵£һ֧ǧ˵ĺڼ״ƺƵ¡أԶ۳ҹ֧ϷһצҹɫƮ

һھʦд̷ҹɫƮģĿɿڴھʦдþõˣڽı־ͼİҿ϶ھʦдδ֧ڼ״
¡¡𶯣֮Ҳ˵Ĳ֧ǧ˵ĴƽȺµĿУʲôҲûпһĿбӣӸ֮ǰ󷽵
ҹɫʹֹ˶˳˯Ȼʱ򣬴ƵĵԮˡ

ౣ
û˿ף֮еȸȫľȸнȥȮֻŶϷͲֹͺоʲôΣһ
֮ڸҵľӪ£ѽȣۼƽա̷䣬ѾķȻǰδ
һ˯б̷͵ƿӣƿڴͻȻգʱסˡֻԭǹһƬڰҹգȻɢһƬҵİ׹⣬ϸȥԷǺȻһĽӶϷ򷢳ӵһ㣬ᴩգݺݵĲҹĻ֮С
ǻֺ뽣£еǳ޹⣬ҹնɢŹâ
̷˫ֳƿĴϣӴĻֺ뽣˶סˡҲʱ̷ĶͻȻһصĺʼԣǺԽԽǿңضڲУǹԭԵɱϢҲһɲǼ̶ֻʱڣŨҵһŵĵز
ԭž˯еĸ֮ǣͻȻ֮һƬ֣˶âľϢѡ
ͻȻһɴ̹ǵĺӿдǰ̷ŸоǹɱϢӰ£֮е¶飬̷͵˫һϣϴӣһֵ˳ڡ
֮ڵһҲоʲôɼȵ֣˲һƬš
¡¡
ŲԽԽʱ˿ֻ̣һվڸ֮ǳǽصܿԶһ֧ǧ˵ľӣڰããĽУӸ֮ӹǧһƬ£ûһϢѹǽϵļ²ѡ

ŰããĽâǽ֧ɫϵ塣
Լһ֧ӳ״Ӹ֮ǰ뿪ʧķ򡣶ǽϣеĵУþòܻ
һ֮ڣ֧ӣÿһ֧ӶǿޱȣԶԶԽ˷˵и֮ǵ˼𺳺ǰδеĳ
˼飬ү״ôǿľӣ
߸ߵĳǽϣһԭʿþ˵

һ֧һ֧ǿľӲϴӸ֮ǰӿ˺󷽵Ķڸ֮е˵һеһμôǿľӣҲǵһ֪ƻôصľӣ
̶̼ڷ飬ںܶ˵һӵ̸ʣ

ʱڣͳ˳˹֮⣬Ӵľث춼бɭϣμܲǰеĴԨ٣һﲻճ֮
ھͲպɽˣ
վһ𣬵
㳡ϣ۵ľվǧȻû㹻ȸֽټϳ׵ףһĶװȻô󲿷ֵľȻʧɫ
ˣѾյպɽϢɹ
ÿڵʹͬŤͷŶ
ƺӦ˵ԼʱԶХм죬һ֧Ӵľǵأӿĺɫһ㣬ϯ
ǱͥĴ
һۼ⣬һۿԶϷƮĺɫ졣ͱͥڣڱͥս죬Ϥˡ
ͥĴ֣Ҳζպɽɹ
дȫ𣿡
Ƭ֮պɽһӺӱúʹǰ
һ֧·ϣԼվִܹ
õ
뿪֮ͷáպɽΪĶ磬ִھԵλ󲿷ֵ˶ɵġǽңѧԨԴôⷽҲǼ죬׾١
٣սʱܱѾۼнӽıˣԶǰ˹֧ԮˡǧǴӺϹ˹ӦԻ
պɽɫ
úʹﶼ˵ͷһϣ˵Ŀպɽȫһ¡
ȻˣǾ֪ͨλǰ׼ɡ
պɽ
ʱһĽǰ̳죬ıһ·ƺƵ˹ȥ
һ̣ӿض֧ǿӵ²


1049 ϣ
ͬʱ˹ңԶĺɭ
⣬ȸͻȻų𡣶Щȸĺ󷽣һ֧ӴĴʳӺƺƵźɭֶ˻δ˾޴սҫޱȣԶԶӳֱǺɫ£һһȼյĺɫһ
ˣ
ս춯أһɭֶ֧Ӵӵǰ
ˣ
ɭֵǰǵ͵վķĿһƬϲǵµ󣬰˹Ҳվķһɫƽй¶һС
ⳡսʳ̫ҪһʤˣΪһ죬˹ֺǵѾȴ̫ʱ䣬˹磬һֱǰ˹ֺдʳܶǿҵ
ΪʳǿѪܶǰ˹ֻǵ£޷һСС˹һ֧ͽľӡ
˹ּ֣ˣ
һۻĴЦӺɭдܶ˹һƥͷһﵱȣӴӱŰ˹ֺǵ³
˹ˣǿǵþˡ
ǵ¹һЦǰӭȥޱȡɺ֮սǵҲУһͰ˹йһֻɱһλɺĴ󽫡μҲˡ
ӭ
һ࣬˹Ҳǰƽֻ˵˼򵥵֡
˹֣Ȼӣһһ㶼ûô˹ô𣿾Ȼ㶼ǵĶ֣
˹΢΢һЦ͸൱ĺ档
˹ڴʳ۹ǲܵʮû˵ĹȣѾֻˣǳһ̡էһţò˵˹൱ľȣΪһ־Ц
˹Ҫ⣬֧˵ľӺκζֶͬǵװıԣн춼ǿҶ书ǽȻͬΪڴ⣬˶ԷС
˹һ
𣿡
һ͸¶һ˿Ͱ
Ҿ͸ҪһˡҵҪϵ׻ʲôľ˾˵ģ
սգһƥëɫ׵ĴӺ󷽻
ˣ
ˣǵ΢ݣһ
ľ˾һ֧սǿľţʳ˲֪˲Ϊľ˾ŵ죬ڴʳӵоصĵλǵҲҪη֡
ˣȻˣҵľӡ
ʱһͻȻӺ󷽴յһӲӣâӰһƥ쳣ߴĴʳԣӺ󷽻Ĳ
ײ
Ӱǰ˹˹֡ǵ£ǰˣȫɫһݣտڲʳ۹սܶײͳıһ֧ӡ
ײսսƵʱȰ˹ֻߣǸ۲۵սӡڴʳ۹ײλܹ˹ֵĴڣΪǿʵͱȨ﷢ò취Լ
ӣ
һԣһ˿ջɫȴʲô˵ľ˾״̬ҲֻһˣײͳľȴǼʮ֡ľ˾Ʒģִģľսľ˾ſ䴩ײľҲȻս֮УĽȻʧء
Ҫǣ˸ײĶ֡
ڴʳײųսʵжǿͿ֪ǱҪ˾ԲսӶϡ
˹֣̫ʧˣ벻ʵټϾ޾ź𵩾Ȼһ֧˵ССӡǰһΪδȡҵλӣڿһ̫߹ˡ
ײȫ֣ûһԵİˣŤͷ˰˹֡
˹üͷ˶Ҫ˵ʲôǴסˡڴʳ۹ȼɭϣһжʵ˵˹ָո˹ꪳɳǿƶײǰȻ޻˵
ײ˵ǿСܿͻ֪ȻѾ룬ھ͸ǹ˹֧ƾӵʱˡǵ£֪ͨ˹˺ͻˣж׼ɡ
˹Ťͷ
ǣˣ
ǵ»عܿתȥ
ܿ죬һֻʳ𣬴ӺɭֳԽ˹һ·ؿռ䣬˹˵ӪС
ʱ˿̣˹˵Ӫۼ䱸ɭϣ֮ǰȫͬ˹ԮӸҴл㼯չִĿĵأʹ޵˻㼯ڵĴޣٴӵ˽ӽıʵ֮ǰǿöࡣ
Ǻǣڵ𡣡
ǵдǷţ¶һ˿Цݡ
ȴôʱ䣬һڵˣܶʮټ˹غͻʵһսΣ͸֥κε
ȥ׼
޽еżᵯ˳ȥ

ʱ忪һ˹صĴҴҴ˽ϥڵϣ
࣬󷽳ִɴԮڳ˹ƶжϣ򣬶ȫǾָʾ
ˣ
仰ӪͻȻһƬţʱͷ·ֹһ˵ĶҲɫһϣǵЦ˲ȥ
ԷǻжԶ
޵һ˫üëϢʼϲġ
ԷٶȺܿ죬ӦһʱͿԸϵ

ӪڶʱһƬţһ򢣬Ĭ
ƵԮúÿ죬ƵλʥҲоΣǰɳˡ
ç֧ǸϢ˶Ѿ׼ˣǴƵԮȴʱϵ
ڵĵĲ
Ҳˣüͷ
ƺǲ̫ͬ࣬ٱ򾫱ʵЩҵԤϡǰԼǰʹʳһϽ˹ҵĵʱ򸹱ܵеģͲ˹ˣǡ
֮УļɻǸܵС
ʳ˵սָǳˣȻһսʧ˼ʮǶ̶ʱڣ־ۼʮ㸹ܵҲ塣˹˵ҲֻаѣһܵУпȫû
Ӫھĵģ̫죬ʳԮϲûûгã˹˾ͱ뿼ĴˡһɲǣӪʵձޱȡ
Ǻǣ
ӪڣЦЦܿ˾
ǵøıһ²ˡˮڣȥ֧ƵԮͬʱҲΪ˹ӮȡһЩʱ䡣
⣬֪ͨ˼ôˣҲûˡ
Ŵ޵Ƭ֮һֻӥѸٷͻ˵Ӫأһʱ˹غͻ֧º϶Ϊһ˹Ȼ෴ķǰ



1050 ǿϮ
ʱȥʳ˹ءͻͬʱȡжʱ򣬻ֻӥպХ£ͬʱһ̳ʮ𼱵ĳ˹С

ˣִʳ˵ټһ֧ʳȫ˹жϣʮˣ

ǰ֮У㱨ȴһģһ
䣡
һʯǧˣ㱨ݣ˶ɫһվȻʮʳڸϢɺ֤ʵһ㣬Ȼ˸о޴𺳡
һ£һڵˡ
֥һӴ޴ĻǰվĿȴ˶塣
š
˵ͷûκεı飬ȴһӵͷĻˣȴôʱ䣬ƺʹʳվԱһսֻκ֮ǰսͬһνĴս˹ʳʹֻܴһֻһĲܲ˹Ǹ߸ߵǽͷ
Ѧǧ͢ǱϢ𣿡
شˣպɽ޽ԮѾ뿪ȫ˹
˵ͷ
͸֮ǵķź𣿡
شˣѾ¤ڵͶפأȻ㣬أӦò̫⡣
Ѧǧ
ܺã
΢΢ףû˿Ĳ
ڸԮѾȫִһս޿ɱ⣬ǺԮ֮䣬ֻһ޺Ͷ˼ˣ
˵ţͻȻԱ߳ϸСģĲɳ˹ӪغͻӪصĵط
壬޺ܲöԸԮѾ֪ˣô죿費ҪȥӦ
ڴޣǧʼղҵġһµʱ䣬Ʒüȥ͵Ϯǣȫ޺Ͷ˼ǰ׼ڣ֧ӶԴƵķֱ޿ײĵزֻҪκεľٶᱻǰ֡
ܸ֥ͳǧɳ˳ȥڵ̽ӣЩ̽ɱһһͺһҲòеͷ
ӵоԵ֮ǰڻǺ˹Լͻʽսʱ
ˣ
Ԥϣɴİ˰֣
ǲǽֵģֻҪһͻԶǧҪʲôĻοҴĿˡ
Ѧǧ֪ͨպɽѾˣڸõֵʱˡ

ڣ֥üͷ
պɽǶûǿı飬ȴǳΡ
壬ǡ
֥Ťͷһ̽Ѱ
һô޳Կˡ
΢΢Ц

ʱ仺عȥ˹֮ǵĽ䱸ԽԽɭϣİӺѵԽš
ϣ
˹ڻĽŨ̹һһİϳ¯͵İУһ׿Ҳ˹ȥ
֮һصĴ̨ϣһİɢȥỤ̃ʽ¯İӵװԴȫ͡
ˣЩװȫȥڶ
һֻƴԱ̽˹ץ̨ϵİϸһۣǧĵ˵ͷ
ǣ
Ա߰һ£һѰսʿǰЩװȥڶ
˸Ҵ񣡡
߶Ⱦ䣬һдʳ˵ĶǾҪʱرң
ӥС飬ȫ䱸ʳľӳҹΨʣ

Хһǰţսŵ˼㣬һӶӵĶֲܱڸǰȫ䱸ʳ˼ʱû˵и

˹ҹǿʱ򣬾ٹĵط˹ͻʺʹƵԮһݶҵսսûճ־õĴսزȴս൱ʬ塣
࣡ô죿
Ũ̹ХɣҰվڴԱߣķɫӲѡ
͸֥ҲͰˣھȻһĴСӣݺһѡ
ܾĵģһϣ˵ʿгزѡ
Ҵˣû뵽ⲦԮǿڲǺǾƽϵʱ򣬴ȥԭƻ룬Ǳ뾡ĺʹʳϡ⣬߰˹֣ⲦԮܲ򵥣Сģ
޳
ǣ࣡
һɶȥ
࣬ǸСӣҪҳҪĻڻü
ͻȻһԵĻؿˡ
ڲҵĴƽֻһһ
һսһֱڿƣ潻˵ûôɱ˹ģǧڴ󷽵ĳ
࣬һҺͻĿһҪĻҲԳ֣
ç֧Ҳڵ
˹عϵĶ࣬ܳԽĿҲֻдˡһʮ꣬ˣƵֶ࣬ȻһУҲ޴ɱġ
ˣ
ԥƬ̣ҡҡͷ
ƵⲨԮûô򵥡ǸСӣһк֣ʱǽ֣ռٱˡʱᣬȵ˹ϴʳˣһ𡪡ΣǶӵ⣬ǵĿҲѾɣЩӺԼӦ赲һˡ
޺ͻԥƬ̣ڵ˵ͷ
գ¡¡У޺ͻص˴˹شѸʧһ򣬶Ǻ󷽣ͻ˽档

ʱ仺ȥԽԽţʳ˵Ķÿʱÿ̶ڴ˹Уʱ˿̣˹༸ʮĵطһƬϡɭУľïʢһĳһĴԣÿݲݺҶĵαװԼ
ͷʲô𣿡
αװˣԵĳ
ΧĵģòһϷ
ûУǰѾȥˣԴʳ˵ٶûôϵҪľǵȴϢһյǰϢٶ͵ȥ
Χһ糣ʿ⣬ûˣϸȥͻ֣ᷢͷϣһƵĳӣԼͣķرǸ߿
˳ķȥһֻӥչᣬڸ߿ε
ӥȸĶԶԶö࣬ЩзӥԲͬķй켣߳ͬϢĿǰΪֹһ
ণ
ͻȻһԶ߿ӥͻȻһûӦֻͷӥһʱ߷ݰ㣬ֱ׹䡣ãԶһ׹
⡭
£ʱסˣ鷢̫ˣ˵Ϊֹ֪ʲô


1051 ս٣
ͷѵǡ
µĳͷɫɲ
ܣԲǣʳûô쵽ǵˣյźˣҪ֪ǰȫģԲܳ©
ϣͷҡҡͷԥķ³Ĳ²⡣
ƳϸϵԲܳʲô©ҪϵͳǲܣҪµʵõ
þ˵
УȥЩӥ֮ǰսˣ˵ǲƷ
ͷĬƬ̣ͻȻϻһԵսԶۡ
Ȼڱ۳ȥ󲻾ã¡¡û˿ףضҡͻȻҵҡΡ
ô£
ԶͷȻֹ󷽵ĵڶҲɫ㵡ӥ׹䵽𶯣еоҲûôɣ
Ȼ˵ı仯ں棬ֻգ֮䣬صͻȻǿҵ˼ޡضҵµսоʲôصɴ۾
ԽԽһתۣɽѹؼһԼˡ
Ʊߣߣ
һɲǰͷƺоʲô͵תͷ󽹼󺰡ȻƱȴʲôҲֻͨĿжݡ
ۣҲͷɲǣһ֧͸壬ͷȻֹͷŵĿؿڣֻһƬѪɫȾһ֧ļĿڴ˳
ͷ촽ţԲ۾˲һͷԵ
ͷ
Ʊһ˺Ҫͣˡ
̫ˣ
ʵ̫ˣ
һĻȫԤϣʲôˡҲʱƱĻ棺
¡¡ǰĵƽϣĴӶĵ£Щ󷽣һ֧ɫ飬ƺƵͬɫ㣬ҰÿһǶȣԾ˵ٶȣǵأˢ
ХǺһɲض֧ɽǰȻʧɫֻһãã纣Ĵֽˣ
ƱûмǿľӣǼǿľӣһΣ֧ӿĴƱһͷƤĸо
࣡
̫̫ˣ
һУûп˶ľб⺷ÿһпѪİսͬʱ֧ӵоٶҲ̫̫ˣӸо𶯵֣ǰʱ䶼
ǹƴݿֱ࣬Ұԭң
ôôǿʿľӣ
һɲǣƱвѡͻȻǰӳˣҲΪʲôԶӥûзϢ͵ⲻһ֧ͨľӣǵǿǰδС
֧Կֲٶҹоٱƽ˹֮ǡˣǾǰôִ
þ챨涼˺
Ʊ󷢺ʯ䣬ԺͷҲ룬սгĵ⣬͵սβһݣգһһͷѸٳԶȥʮʳͬɫ㣬ӿȣԾ˵ٶȳ˹


ʱ֮˹ǰĴƱȫ䱸ͻȻ֮䣬һʮ𼱵Զ̳Уһĳϣƴȫ˹֮Ǽ۶
ʳˣ
ʳˣ
ʮҹо˹ֻʮ

쳹˹Ͽա¡һʯ׹䣬ԭƽķǰʱɲ˹֮ǾһӴսһźͻȻ֮伱ת
¡¡Ŷ˸һɲǣıӳǳӿֲһǰ
Хսܲ˹ǽҲıһƬƬܼ֣նȻ֮ǰ
ͬʱâһյУһӰӳڳ˳
ˣˡʮ𼱣ʳ˻ɱǵĳȫٽӽ
ǵᣬȴɽͰΰӰƱмæӭȥûϹȥͻȻ֮䣬һǰģ׹ȥȻԤе׹ûз
ƱҪɲǣһֻᡢ޳ȴǿסס塣
ˣ
ϤףƱһϲʱࣺ
СĴʳǹˡ
֪ˡģѾ׼
һӶߴʿһ֣ص
̫ˡ
Ʊԭлǧ仰ʱһࡣֱһɲǣƱŸоһ󼫶ȵƣɢҲȥ
һߺ建ķʿ壬ؿ֧ƥȾѪĴʳʸޱȡ
ؿܵˣԷĳ̺˻Ե࣬Ҳֵܹȫƾᶨ־һ㣬¶ԷҲû뵽
İɣߣԶеĴʳˣվḶۡ
аȻվĿӹһ¶¸֮ǽԶХȻʲôûпȴܴӷиоһɱϢ
塭
һӶߴ֥˳Ŷء󣬳ǧϯԪȰ͸Կ֮ҲѶ
ʮ
忪ڵ
ԷнٶȺܿ죬пǵĳ򣬳֮⣬ûһϢȷ沿Ӧüʱ㣬ǺܿͿԿˡ
ϢǻʮǳֶԷľ룬ʱ㣬ж֧ʳ¾˹Ѿǳˡ
ԶһƬտʲôûУ֮侲ĵģǸ֥ϻǳǧˣӿиоһɱζһƬء
ণ
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һǰʮգֻ߰ΧѲߵӥû˿ףͻȻһӿˤһĻ˶𣬶ɫһ鶸Ȼޱȡ
ܶ˻׷ʲô£ȴոһɲ߰˸ԶЩӥȻþѵޱȣȴȻ޷ܡ
ӥڿѲߣҰΧٴﵽʮԷӥûзκεľȫǵٴﵽʮʵǿޱȣ
ɫ£д˷
Ȼûп֧ĴʳǶԷͣԼַâ¶ƺͿµоٶȣѾ˶оһ־޴в
ˣҲյӥ׹󲻾ͣһ𵴲ɸһ㣬ԶĶӿ滹ûκζ֣ѾһɿӶϯ


1052 
ϣ
ԽԽֻƬ̵ʱ䣬˶˴ӷдһҵ˻ʯ䣬֪жٱڳ˹ķ
׼
ͻȻһ߿ڵһǰɲǼ䣬𶯣һҫİͬļĹӶ˲ƶ䣬̵ͬͭǽڣͬʱһĹ㣬˲ɱޱȡ
صս˻ԽԽҲԽԽ֪˶ãǰӿһĺߣϸ˿ͻȻڵƽߴʼʱɫֻܵգۼ䣬ͱһƬɫľˣ¡¡ҵĲ
ʳˣ
˲ʱѾˣ˶֪ԼԵʲôⲻ˵һκʹʳ˽֣һĴʳˣ˵ĸоȫͬʮķߣôĳӥһƾǿ־ӻ֮⣬ȻûһϢ
ǰûз
ƵĳÿһѪд򰾳ģں˹ءͻʵĽУȫѹ֣ÿһ鶼ḻܽɱôľһϢֻ˵һ⡣
һľǾУ
Ǵʳʵ𣿡
ɫ£ԶȻʹӺɺ˵ĿУ֪֧֪һ£һ¡һ֧ĸо֮ǰİ˹ȫͬӵǿҲӵľһ֧İ֮ʦ
ײȻûпԷͳ˧Ѿǰʲôһ֧ˡֻɽǱеҪʳ˲ûһ˵ǰ֧ӺʣȫҪ㣬伲磬֣𣬲ɽһ̾嶼Щˣֻһɲǵʱ䣬ĿѸٱüᶨ
ʮڵ˺ʣڼ˵֮У岻ˣƸˣһսֻѪսס

ֻһɲʱ䣬ʱ
ܱӣѸٽǽ֮䣡ʱ
ӣʱ׼ɣӹ̳ǽ󳵶ӣ̶45׼зоУ
巽󣬵󣬵߷ʱʱ׼֧Ԯ
İӣҺռʱ׼İѹûҵϽö

̶ʱڣ岻ϵطһһһɲǷ·һŶһͻȻһ䣬ѸٰеʿɫᶨͺҵĹһǰĴʳӣᶨĿѩη塣
ھ׼ڶУʱ׼
ڶʮ󣬶ʮ߷󣬶ʮŷʱ
Ӫʱ׼
Ѷɣк͵Уʱ
ͬһʱ䣬һԱߴ֥ɫ£һͬʱȥЩӶڣѸٲȡжеıУһ֧ȫ´ɫ׵ľעĿ
ֻ֧࣬ǧˣɢϢǿ˵ĸо治ɵÿվһ¸֮ǽη
ھţ
֥ʮʱŶ֧սǿľӡʵ֧ȫ溲˼˳ث춽ĳ̶ֳҪǿһЩ
֮ǰս֥ܹ֮ƾıֵ˹ֿ籩ĹںܶΣյĹͷһˣľ֧ľš
Ǹ֥ҲĶ롣µսһһεĳսҵģҲпǰߣھҲ˾޴Ĵۣرڰ˹Թǽͷʱ֧ھŸ˲أӰǧˣǧˡ
ҾʣµǧҲһشھŵڣܹսĲֻ˶ѡ
ڴ˺ս֥һֱǷڳսҵʱҲûжùǣ㻨һ£ټĴҩһγʱľĵ֧ڻָս
һս֧ҲǸ̡֥
ȻµսдǧʣսʿһǾеľȻӵмµ
žһƬ£ӪϢȴһӴƱ
Ӵսһɲһɲ¶һ˿Ĺâ

Զ𶯣ʮĴƺƵ˹ԽԽڣھ˹߰ĵطӿĸͣ
ʮϷĸ˴ӭƮĸսϣһɫ޺ӣһֺɫ£һƬȼյĵһ𣬻һɫĻ䵶Ǵʳ۹ܳĸͳ˧
ڴʱ̣ĸս£ĵϢӰɽʹ󺣰㣬ھ޴ս¡
˹֣˵֧Ƶľ𣿡
ս£ܶ˹Ƥȿڵ
ζ˹̫ģܾ˹ϢЩԹʵ൱һǰ˹ΪڸԼʧģһ·˹òϣĴȻڴʳǺܳʳԼڶ͹ˡ
۹ĳ侫ʼʱΪԤ㣬ܵɹϢݳȥӶƻʳļƻںΪ˶ԸЩ򣬲òʮʳ۹ָĶѹǡһˡ
ֹˣǰĴƾӣȻֻˣֳȡءɱƣȴǰ˹һдδġɺ޷֮ȡ
š
˹ֵ˵ͷǰɫޱȣ
ޱȣ֪ġ֧ƾȻֻΪдȫǾ񣬴Сġ
ǺǣЩʲôҲжôǿⶼȤģûʲôľ˾޷˵ģڸȤֻһ֧װȸֵĴͻĴͳ˧
սգͻȻǰ˼Ŀ
ڰ˵ͨսѾ޷ľ˾ţֻлǿľӣľ˾Զܵҫ
˴ˣ֧ˣǸս׳˶ɽľǵ졣⣬Щͽһֳɱ˳ǳˣǧСģ
һͻȻǵڴʱͻȻڵ
ˣڤڤоͺһǵ»һɲǣ͵Ťͷ˹ȥͬһʱ̣ҵҲƺ˸ӦŤͷһۣ˵ĿڿнӴͺĵӿֻһɲǣ˵Ŀֿ


1053 սʼ
ߣ˹ַİɣһ֧Ƶľӣݻ˹ǣɨƽڶ·ϵĵһʯ
Цһ
ľ˾ӵʵҺɣϣעĻǸƵͳ˧
˹ĿƽӳֵһĿûͣһֱŵһߺһӰ
⣬ľ˾ţǸͳ˧
һ䣬սͻȻһƬžڴʳ۹֪˿ܲ࣬ǲ֪޾ŵȴûУ˶˵ľ˾ܹƾƶԸ޾š˲Ϣͺܵĳִʯһ㣬ˣ˹˹˵ĿȫۼԶϡ
С޴Ѿ֪ͨ˶˹غͻˣǶ˷ǳ˽⣬ǵİǾͿԳ׵Ļˣ
˹ֿڵ
ô鷳ˣ
ʱһӲͻȻ˶𡣺ɫһս£ײŻĽɫսףâ䣬ǰ䣬ǹѪЦݣӺ
˹֣ʧһսͶηηβˣǰǸ߿ˡ
ˣ
仰˹֡ˣа˹ɫ䣬ŤͷײһԵĸܶǵ¸ɫɫѿޱȡΪ˹ֵұۣһ𲢼սʮ꣬ǵ¶԰˹ּľ𾴣˸ǵǰô谬˹֣ǰǵ±ضͶ֣ά˹ֵΨǰλǵٶĲҲòǿ
սܶײ
ʳ۹ǿܶӵмֲʵıһ˹ֺǵ¶޷֮⡣
ʳ۹ײӵ޷ǿʵ
Ҳ֪ʲô˹غͻʣʳ۹һҲòôСѣ׼
ײ
ǣˡ
ǵ»˵ЩʲôǺܿ챻˹ִˡ
ײͰ˵İɣ
˹ֵ
ײֻƳ˰˹һۣܿתʧ˺󷽵ľ֮С
ˣײ̫ˣǸûнӴˣҲ֪жô˹غͻѾڸ·ϣѵȲ𣿡
ȵײʧǵ·߷߲ƽ
ǵ£˹ѾˣһսѾʧȥ˵ʸ񡣡
˹ҡҡͷʳһǳʵпĹȣһжʵ˵ܰ˹Ѫܶǰжôս˾սˣʧûʸģ
ײȻʵ޿ɣµʿսټǴԸ˹˺ͻ˻ûҲδزսʤЩˣֻҪܹ磬Һײ֮˽˶Թ޹ؽҪȥ׼սɣ
˹ֻ˻ֵ
ǣ
ǵɫӣԥƬȥ

ʳڹ۲Ƶʱ򣬶ĸߺ塢֥ͬڹ۲֧ǰδеģǿĴʳӡ
ˣʳ׼ˣ
ԣѦǧͻȻڵ
ȥ׼ս
أ
ʱһŽͻȻԶĴʳӪһɲն䣬е˲ϢʧӰ١¡¡𶯣ԭֹͣĴʳͻȻ֮ٴӿʮƺƵǵأɽٴ˹
ϣ
ڴǰһĿĴʳ佫ͻȻһɲǼ䣬һ°ս⻷ͻȻս±һ⻷ӴޱȣѸٴչ飬ǧĴʳսʿ
ĳźһϣһһսâʵʣЩʳս±֮ǰĴʳﲻͬЩµĹ⻷һϣ⻷͸¶Ҳ貣ǿ
ԶԶȥ͸һּѹֵѪζ
ˣ
һ룬û˿ףдƾӵĿУϣһƬİӰͻȻ糱ˮ㳯˹ķӿֻһɲǣЩʳϾͺһصĺ˴֮Ϊһ壬ʱԱʶ
¡¡ʮʳƺƵһɲǣϯѩһ㣬ٶȻڵķǵٶޱȣʼʱŻֻһգۣѾ籩ӹǧɵľ룬һڼͻ
ˣ
һĻƤ͵һ¡
ÿٶȣ
˹ֵľӾûôµоٶȣԿ϶һǸʳսײľӡ
ǿ
ǰɫޱȡֳʵʣֻһ㣬ѾԽľӣ˹ֵľӶ޷֮ȡ
壡
ʱһӶߴǧͣߣĿԶյĳޱȡ΢˳۹⿴ȥֻʳʼֻǱһŰӰ֣ڣУһεǵأȻһƬɳһ㡣
һ֧ǿľӣͬʱĳǿĹҽ޺Ļ
ΣԵĵ˿±еĻҪǿ󣡡
ǧ૵
ս꣬ǧǿı֣ǰͻʺ˹ڣûһֱֳܹ˾˵ơĳ̶ֳ˵Ѿеġˡ
Ƕ͹ʳˣǰֻܱߣûйעʳǵ˽̫̫٣۹ԶҪѶԸö࣡
ǧɫص
ƺʹʳ֮ʵûнֽǾúóϡһ̶֧ʱãһһأﵽϡʦЩ̬֡Ĵʳ̼֣֪Ǽ主Уɺ觡䡢ʯֱʯƶڴʳ֪
ǴʳԴƵ˽ҪöࡣʳÿԽƣƵúٿԽɺ˵ǰ͸ˡ
ҲѴ̣Ϊ󶼻Ѳض꣬Դʳ˽ⶼָ˵ˡ
һĬ֮һ̾Աߴ֥ɫѡ
֥ʮ꣬ûȥѼʳϢкܶԭӣѹķ̫ྫҴʳʹ֮ңԶز죬м仹СôЩҲֻǽڡ
ս֮ʤܣܹҴһҪ鳯͢뾡취˵ҰҲ֮磬ԴʳĹȸһЩ˽⣡
֥
ˣڲ˵ʱһеȵսʤʳ֮˵١ңʳˡҲԶûôǿ󣡡
ͻȻڵ˵һ䣬ĿͻȻޱȡ
ʳȷʵǿ󣬵ǴҲǴʳǰκһ֡
һսΣһҪӮ
ǰݺսȭͷ


1054 ȷ棡
׼
һ£ܿһĻ𡣷ߵǰˣĵڶУһսʿϥأԼĶѸٽһװ֮Сͬһʱ䣬ǰĸ֮ǽǰһʿѸٵܼļ֧ǰˡ
䣡䣡
ǰضܲǰ㣬ŶŶƣҽűֱȫ߾Ѹٽ֮С
ͬһʱ䣬棬ϣǵصĺɫ籩УһѪɫĺǰĴʳѸٰγһɫĴʳ䵶ÿһ߶೤֮Ĵʳ䵶Ҫһȴһֹ
䵶
ײµһݶӣȷսʿװЩɴʳĹ϶ǧҹҹмּĸֲģŶޱȣʹҪıʳľʹùܹǵӵ£ʳģȴײµĵһݶӣȷ档
ȷÿһսʿǾϸѡı֮صĺ䵶ֱʹָϣ䵶ѪҲǷӵ쾡¡
ΪˣײԺȷҲԽĿأÿιӵأһɳľǺȷ档
Һ֪䵶ʼ¯ʱʵǻɫͬյһ㡣Ϊںȷɱ˹࣬Ѿ˰ɫÿγʱжŨҵѪζ
ŨҵϢѪζҲԶ־ǿĶ֣ɾ޴ѹ
ɱ
ɱ춯أԺȷǰɫĴʳӿȣŵһߡ
ǧɣǧɣһǧɡƵĴʳһ㣬ĻڴƵĸϡ
¡һɲǣѣеĸǽ֮֮Ѿʯӹ̣ƬǽȻ̲סҵĲ
ˣ
ãã纣Ĵʳ֮ƣײڴƷϵʱкһͻȻһ̤¡䣬һƺƬض޷ֲֿ粨ΰҲ
˲Ϣ䣬һɰɫĲѸٴ·ʳӡˣһɲǣʱ䶼·ֹˣ˵ĿУڴʳϿգǵûġɳ˲ʧڴʳ˵Ľ£һӰУһİӰҲʧ
䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬ȷ׵壬µĹ⻷˲𵴣ֻһɲǣâս⻷ЧӰ췶Χ˲һ롣
ȷ󣬳ǧãã纣ĴʳܵӰһգۣʮƵĴʳĹ⻷в㣬֮й⻷£𵴱仯
ϣս˻ԭȻĴʳ˲һƬҡ
ôܣ
󷽣һѺĴʳʿһĻ۾Ҫ͹ˡڹȥʱУǻû
Ǹͳ˧
߸ߵ޺ս£ܶ˹ͫһ΢΢ɫĿ棬ֻ˲Ϣ䣬յе⣬ȫڶ֮ǽ󷽵ͳ˧ϡ
˼Ȼ
ľ㵹ľ˾ӵͳ˧촽¶һ˿Ȥζɫľ˾ŲִֻڻЩǿĶ֣ҶЩӵĵзҲȤ
ǳ⣬ҲǲɶԸ˾ͽҰɣ
ʱ򣬿ܶ˹кһ˲֣䣬һӴӰ˹ϱֱաͬһʱ䣬⻷𵴣һȦڡصĸ֮еĺˮ¡Ѹٴӿܶ˹·ɢÿһʳĽ¡
ԭɹ⻷ĻѸƽһָֻ״̬
ߣСˣ
˹͸һ˿мЦȻĻû˵꣬һε𵴶ԭ˹֮Ĵٴû˿ף佫ϵϢȻ½̶ȱ֮ǰҪ
һĸĿдʳȫܵ⻷Ӱ죬Ϣ仯ֱ½һءûЩ佫⻷ļӳ֣ǧʳϵϢ½ԭиոոֵġɳࣵһٴʧӰ١
佫֮
ڰϣӸ£עŶ棬Ŀѩޱȡ
ĳ̶ֳϣ֮й⻷ǿԱģǴ󽫼ֲУ佫⻷Ͳôˣһ𣬼Ǵ󽫼֣Ҳȫ佫⻷á֮й⻷佫⻷ҪԿֹ⻷ãƱҪöԷĴĲʵ
ҿǵжǿʵɣ
Ŷ棬е

Զʳ˵ӪУ˹֡˹ˡ˶ڹעⳡս˵һ⻷˻̫Ļôڶ˲ֵ佫⻷˿ܶ˹һݺݵĶ⡣
Ķ
˹ɫ䣬ҧгݣû˿ԥ¡ƺƣһɫĹ⻷ŨѪڱ׹ӳֵս
Ϊʳ۹պǿ֮ܶһ˹ڻûԳֵ£ӳǿĹ⻷ͬʱӳ⻷ڰ˹ǿܶ˵ҲǸСĸֻǰ˹ԿôԼһͽͳ˧
һ̣ð˹ŵ鷢ˣڵڶǿ⻷ļӳ£нϵϢȻһأҲֻһأȻûлָԭ״̬
ⲻܣ
һɲǣ˶΢΢ɫ
Ͱ˹ʶѾã֪ʵжǿ˹ȲսܶײҲȲѪܶ˹֣ǳּĶܶеܱ֡Ƴ˹ǿ⻷ȴȻ޷ʿϵĸã˵ͳ˧ԱԼĻҪǿ
˹㡣
кһͻȻ֣䣬Ҳƣֻ΢΢һ٣Ǽ䣬â䣬һɫĹ⻷Ũˮ˲ӳֵս
ϰ˹Ͱ֮ſ佫ϵĸӰ죬Щ佫Ĺ⻷ܵ˲Сá
Ͱ˹˵Ľֿƺܾãʵֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ǰѾײһ
ţ
һޱȣ쳹ս±ͦվһų˱ϣеĳػ¡
䣡䣡䣡
һɫ·ŭһ㣬ЮŻԵѸٴؿռ䣬ݺĴʳ֮С
飬ڶÿһս˻ʹʳսʿĲҽСֻһ䣬ǧʳ׹˴ʬϡǺ󷽣Ĵʳӿ̤
ЩмϢĴʳս̤£ʱ
һ׶εսȻʤҲ˾޴Ĵۣе٣оͰΪĳԭǧӴĴƳս󣬼㾭֮ǵļɣҲֻƴճһǧܴƳ
ʹ±ҲòıԡΪһ䣬±ȴãûһǰǵȵȺܼʱѵĽǶȱ
ϣս˻ǧʳﱻɱµͬʱھ޴Ĺײ˹˸ɧҡ
±һȻֻɱǧˣΪһѡǶ⣬ȴʹЧԶֹɱô򵥡


1055 棡
ţ
ţ
ţ

±Ŀ㣬еĳһһλ£ÿһĽǶȺλãǧٱͼ㡣Դӱ˼°֮ڵĳ±ϴǦһһ㣬øӵءǿҲӵн֮硣
ȻֻһǧܴƳ󣬵ڳ±УӳѾԭͬն
ϣ
Ƶս˻һһŵĴʳﲻϵ£ˣĹҲ޷ֹʳ˵Ĳڳ󹥻ͬʱĴʳ˻ţһ籩㣬ײڴʳĶϣ
䣬ĺ춯أҪ˵ĶĤ
ɱ
ɵЩͽ

غ£˸Ŀȫ飬ãã纣Ĵʳź˻ɱĽڶ飬ҵ˻Уһƥսս޴Ľ˸ŵĹâ֮ײڵһһ˶ߵĲضϡ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ֻһ춯صĸ޴ĸ͵һһС飬ƺĴƶܱھ޴£˶һСеѪҲ緭ڡ
֮ǰ˲ûкʹʳ˽֣һʳԶ֮ǰκһﶼҪǿöࡣ
𣡡
ͻȻ֮һ⵽ǿײĴƶܱͷȻһҽǰ磬ͷ­ѹͣȫļֱͬĸֽ͵سǰ˹ȥ䣬ƶܱһеɲǣӶĴʳﳤ˻ţײ
ضܺĲͣÿһεײܸɼ˺µķ⻷̹⻷ݹ⻷Ҳͣ𵴣вҡҷҧأ
սдڵģûһߣܶʵǿ󣬵սĴƶܱƾḻľ飬εⲨķ񹥻
ɱ
ͬһʱ䣬ɱ졣ڵһߵλãǧĴʳǵأɽ˲ƾӵķ߷ȫԵĽЩײӱսսʿʵǿ񣬾ϵĲӾþһ飬ǿޱȣ˹ֵĴ޷ͻƣһΣˡ
䣬ֻһײһĺʿľߺ󷽣һ¾þսĶܱ˴ܱ߸׷ɵ˿УŴ󷽷˳ȥԭܵķߣѸٳһȱڡ
ϣ
ǰȷľкһע⵽һĻȷĸ߼սʿѸٸı䷽򣬴򼲳۶ȥȷҲ׷ײǱܰѸٻۣΪһԷʸΣƶܱײµȱڳ档
Ϊײ¾þսޱȵȷȷʿѵˮƽﵽ˼ߵĵزڼҵսϣÿһʿֶԷԷļᣬ𹥻ȱѸ
һ㣬ҲǺȷսײǰ䣬˺ƶԷߵԭ
ˣ
һĻƤһʱ΢΢ɫȻֻǵһӴڣͳвоһǿѹ֧ĴʳıȫͬǵĹҪǿ̫ˡ
ڶݶӣ
ϣû˿ԥͻȻνʣ´ɫҲһɲǱޱȡ֧ʳ˿и

ϵãڶݶͻȻһ˻һĸߴ󡢿ĺ󲹶ܱ͵شһĵͰ绢Ʊеضܣݺݵسȥ䣬ֻһ죬صĸֶػĺȷ棬޴սزϣľ˻УԷ˴ײɳȥ
ģҹ
ߴĺ󲹶ܱŭţܣӣž޶ܣײϺ󷽳ȷ档ɲǼ䣬Хȷսʿ벻Ǿ޶һײͺһڵһֱӱײһߣ޴һȷײʧȥƽ⣬ţݺݵص˵ϡ
ҿ
ʯ䣬Ϳĸߴ󡢿ĺ󲹶ܱ߸߾ٶܣȻصĶ䣬ܽŲأǰ㣬ſ翪εٽصĸضܣǧһ֮ѸٵĲ򿪵ȱڡ

ϼ̳еұеһУ·йأϸ򡣲һݣݵİȫĳһ˵ϣǲݽһеطشȱ©󷽵ĲӦѸٲϡ
һһһֱ
ҲǸʱһɫ
һ棬ͳĲҲ˵ġս֮ЩĲǡرõһ
䣬ڶȥ油ɲǣսӿܼ߸̤棬ȫֵУһһĺ䵶꣬ϵ͸ֶϡֻһϵݶһصĺ䵶£Ȼ͸ֶһĵۡ
У
һĻеĴƶܱƤ΢һɫܱվڶǰߣǴߡΪܱĻװҪǼ̡ܣԴݻ١ԣеضܼõõĲϡ
Щصĺɫ䵶Ȼھضôӡǣ̶ȼֱ
˼ס
һϵطȥһɲǣÿһܱܵĳֱǿ˲˼ĵزȻΪʳ۹սĲӣȷֶԶֹô򵥡
ϣ
һ˻ںȷĺ󷽣һؿźɫܱ־ĺͻȻ֮䳶ĿעǰһͻȻһ̾ļٳݣٶޡ¡˵ĿУЩսǰ㣬ǰһ̤֮߸Ծ𺳵ĿУӹ߸ߵĶƣҲӹ˸߸ߵĸ֮ǽ콵£ݺݵسߺ󷽵Ĵƾ֮С
¡¡ֻһ춯صľ죬֮У̳˻һƬҡһϰȷľһ˸ǽ˾֮С
Ѫɫ֮Ծ
ǺȷĶؼܣרԲܱġƾǺȷĵһʹò󣬾ضܵĵ۹սܶײĹ֮Уַ̫
Ѫɫ֮Ծƶܱġ
ΪˣײЩȷսײװ˺װףԱʹѪɫ֮Ծʱܵĸ
ɵǣ
ʱһĴվھ֮УɫޱȡһɲǼ䣬ĵ֣ʮһ飬ϣԼٶΧЩȷɾ޴Ļ֮ǰһǰΧ
һѪɫ֮ԾȻȫɹɵĻҳ̶ȣԶ


1056 ʷǰĴսһ
ɱ
˷ĵ飬˸󺮹⣬ͬʱԾ˵ٶȲľ˷ӦĬϣʩչѪɫ֮ԾĺȷҲ΢΢ɫ
Ϊʳսײµȷ棬ǿ֣ǲܶôǿڶԷ֮൱ĻңΪ󷽵ĴᡣЩԶˣκζֶȻͬ
սȻߣһ벻ͱΧ޷ӳ붼û˵ˡ
ϣ⽣Ӱأֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ĺȷͺʮսһɺ䵶иһѪۣΧĵؽһݶĽУһ޴ĵ䵶һڵһ޴ȱڣϵؼ׶Ѫٽ
ں䵶Ĺ£ֱ˺ˡȷҲ˵Ĺ£׷׵
һĻȼյĵһս£һƽսףڽ֮У·һսܶײҲ΢΢üͷȴʲôҲû˵ͬһʱ䣬ңңԵĵطͬ۽
ⳡӴսûв֣һֱڹ۲졣֧ʳսľӱĻҪǵĹƷԼͳ̶ȣﵽ˾˵ĵزʣ½Ǵٵ顣
ˣҪɳİ𣿡
һӶߴϯԪͣߣͻȻڵʳ˵Ĺһһ糱ˮһ㣬ޱȣȷ滹ֻеһӰˣǧϯԪڵڶཫ춼о˾޴ѹ
ǵһ׶εսûеġ
ã
ҡҡͷĿƽˮû˿
ڻʹİӵʱ֪ͨСɵľӣǰݶӣ׼֣⣬֪ͨڶݶӶܱʱ׼ǰ滻ݶӶܱʱնۣʳЮƶ磬ΪʱʱǵΪ˺Ƿ̫Ľս
ǣ
ϯԪһ˿𾴵ɫܿȥսʤʳľ޾Ժڰе죬˿ڸ֥֮£ϵ£Ϊ󶼻ĸ֥ޱȣ˵ˡ
ӿХ忴Ŷãã纣޾Ĵʳˣ΢΢һ¡
֮ʵʵֻսսϵı仯սϵı仯
ʳ˵ľʵ̫ˣʱֻﵽһ̶Ҳܴ˾޴ѹҴʳһ·ҹоЮƶʱʱ򣬸˺ԣӦΪڳʱУԷĥͣһٶ˥ߡ˵ľ
ӰгɵĵݶӶܱΪִԶġ
ˣ
Ŀһܿعǰ𶯣ܿõִС
ţ
һ춯ص죬ڴǰһͦͻȻ˳ǽϻ¡ɲǣغХԭֻͨǷõĸ֮ǽϣͻȻ֮¶ĿѨʮƵļʸͻȻӵһߺ
䣡
Ȼǽװܼȴһֱûʹãֱʳ˳˳ǽǰͻȻ
ʳ˺κζֶͬǵĶ켼ձκζֶҪǿĳЩ棬ͼҪơ
̶̣Զȳ󣬶ԽԶԽСرȡ˽ѵڴʳ˳ʱ򣬸ûжκεķ䡣һֱʳʹƶ̱ӣĵһǰȫɽ纣ĴʳˣǼ͸ǽϵķû˿ķ϶ǷʱֱʱŶ̳֮
飡
ֻһգۣʮƵļʸǰ˵Ĵʳÿһƥսܵʮܼ䡣ô̵ľ룬ʯ俪˵ս
ϣֻһɲǣսڶ֮ǽǰƬƬĴʳ뵹ڵءʱ䶼֮ǽǰĴʳʬۻɽѪȾء
䣡
һĻʳӵĺ󷽣ȺʱһƬȻǵأʮƵļʸХʱ˶ˡ
⣬ôܣ
ôôֲ
̫˼ˣǵʲô

ںĴʳӣһ𾪲ѡĳ̫ͻȻˣûִӸ֮ǽĶ󣬾ɳ̶ȳԽ񣬵һЩ߰ԸĴʳʿоһǿҵظС
ʳĶ켼Ȼǳ߳Ҳûжִɱ
ζսĴʳʿνĶ磬νĴƣЩӣָ߸ϵ̬ǼʶЩеһҲ֮ɢˡЩ˵ʲôһǿԿ϶
Щ˹ġˡǸУС
ôܣ˹֣֮ǰ鱨ôûᵽ
߸Ʈĺɫ޺ս£ܶ˹̲ס
˹û˵Աߵǵȴ͸һ˿΢΢εɫʵЩڴƵϢ֮ǰźѾȫǣɲǰ˹ˣײΪԸ߰ûϸȥ
ЩܶǱϾûкʹƽ֣ź˵ϸǱȲʵ
һ࣬˵ķӦ˹һܿķӦʱ˵ˡ
ǿҲ治ʿãֻɸĴѹȥҾͲǻܷ˻
һӺ󷽴˿ڵ
ʳһϧʿĹȣֻҪܹĿ꣬ЩˣһЩʿҲʲô˵¡ǰˡ˹ǰ˹ְ֣ӵĽ죬һǽȻͬġ
ɺ֮սɺʳ͸˾޴ĴۣΪʱ˧ˣȴû˿ԥüͷûһ¡
ɱ
˵ܿõִУλ˧ûκεԥãã纣Ĵʳ˻ٴѹȥʿͬˮɽһ㣬ŵһ߳ȥ
¡¡ضɽҡĺɱӿȣΪ˹ϿΨһܷɲǶӵʮʿĴʳ˵ɱԶûдﵽصĵز
飬ĴʳʿǿŷĹȥֹˣڴʳıУһӶѸٵ˷Ӧ
ֻһ죬һɱĴʳʬ壬󷽵Ȼ𣬺ݺݵڸ֮ǽļϡ
һߡߡߡľߡʬ壬ͬʱص˸֮ǽϣ赲ĹЩʿʬϵףʱΪһεġơΪԿֶΡ


1057 ʷǰĴս
սܶײµıսǰ棬ͬʱҲսľӡܵһμ䣬˼˲䣬ҵѵĴʩӦԷ乥
սΪʹĴʳˣνֻͬ꣬ҪܰսʤЩʿʬ屻ɴ⬣Ҳ˿
飬һ߾ʬ׹ȥֻգ֮䣬֮ǽϵķ·ߣ赲˴롣

һĻһߺĴƽ죬׷ױɫЩʳ˵ķӦٶ̫̫죬ʹõֶ飬ȫϣֻ˲Ϣ䣬Щǿķ䣬൱ڱϵˣ˴ûġ
ɵǣ
ܶĴηӦڵס乥ɲǣĴʳ飬Ⱥһ㣬ѹȥ
ϣ
ֻһս˻ܼײУһٴܵ˿籩Ĺ˼ѹ
ì
һͻȻǰ˵ĲǺԣǴС
䣡
ǧĴСǹìͻȻ̤ǰзƥƳì߸϶ӵһŵĶܱ̳ȥۣѪСǹìڴʱչֳǿƼ
һĳìȫ͸ʳףǵҪ֮СۣЩìһ飬һʳʱ˴׷׵ȥ
СֻһССҲЩ֮Ϊ˹ӶЩì帶˴ĳ𣬳͢һǧƽ𣬾൱һǸ˴СɣǹìҲڴʱչ¶쾡¡ȻǹìǳȴȻ޷赲ʳ˷Ľ
ڷߵǰˣеĶƱڳѹǼϼһ·ҪˡǴȲÿһ鼡ⶼеĶܱҧͷϺ¡
ĻΣĲԳܵġÿһܱÿһܵĹܼĵز
ڶݶϣ
˰֣裬ڶݶӵһܱѸǰ£ݺݵһݶӵĶܱʱظһԼĶȥȫһ˲ȫ亹ʪ͸
ֻܱݶ֮ǰѾ飬޷϶νӣκ⡣
ݶϣ
Ƭ֮һ£ɰɵĵܱѸ滻һһֵĶܱϵ滻ţһǰߣһϢһӴеһжĽš
ַͨʽһڴʳ˿Ĺ£ѵļ
¡¡
սƣ˫ɱҵʱͻȻһľ죬Ӵʳ˵ľд
ү쿴
һԱߴѦǧͻȻ۾ǰ
û˵˳ѦǧĿָķȥֻʳ˵ľ󷽣ͻȻһЩ벻ı仯
һܼܾ޴ɫе׶һ˶ߣÿһɫеĺ󷽣ߵʮ˻ͣŵһʻ
Щɫеޱȣƶʱ򷢳ΪˣȻ֪ʲô۽Ǳܵĸоһ˿
֪ͨ±Ѹж
ͷҲأ

ͬһʱ䣬±վ˱ϣҲע⵽Щɫеɫأ޳м趯
ţ
£һĲкۣų±һǧܴƳѸٸı䷽򡣺䣬һĺһͬһ㣬֮٣ѸٻԶʳ˾еɫе
ֻһ¡¡ĸһܼȻЩɫеϣȴܿ챻赲һ˿۶ûСֻʮɫеĴʳʿֲУһᴩ壬˵ڵϡ
̶ȵʮ壬׼Щɫеʿţ
±վڸ߸ߵ˱ϣĿкһѸٸı˲ԡ
ۣһЧٴֻ֣һĲҽУһɲǼ䣬ǧɫеĴʳʿɱЩྡྷЪ˳ֻɱǧʳʿ

һʳ쳹սЩɫеʿصͬʱһɫ޴еѸٷ˱仯
ĻУһ޴˳Ȼ϶ˡţθְ壬ɫеͬ󷽵ʿһڵ
ĴʳʿӺӿ룬һЩԱ߳۳ҶѸٵľۼɫе档
ǧɫеĴʳսʿӿ˽ֹˣЩӴصɫеЩʳʿĺƶ£ٶȶʱԽԽ죬ԽԽ졭
һҲԽԽ
׼
Ƥԥ
ھ׼
ͬʱһԶĵط֥ɫ£һɲǣ´ͬĿ⿴ǰɫޱȣһЩɫеϣͬо˾޴Σ

Ƶڴʳӵĺ󷽣ЩɫеٶԽԽ죬֮ǽҲԽԽնȻ֮ýޱȡ¡¡ĳ죬·ѹͷһгޱȡ
һǰ͸֥һһңɫޱȡ
սһˣ߸Ʈĺɫһս£սܶײŸߴսûڻԻ͵Ľɫ⻷УͬһֻЩɫľ޴еǰײȴһ˿Ϭ
ΪʳܶײһսжȹһʶɫɫĶ֣Ҳʶɫɫķʩߴĳǽ̵ıݡضܣиϤ߲Ϥֵֻ߲սе
ڴʳԼսܶײķâǰĶѡ˷ͼڷսеϿʳǰһգûһһ۹սײǰҴ
κսκһ֣ײзȥԸǡ
ԸڷĶ֣ײ۹ĻʼҹǣһĹе
ɫޣ
ҲǰЩ޴ɫսе
¡¡
˲ĺУһܼܾ޴ɫеڴڻ£ԽԽڣ䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬ո£ͿԿһ޴ĳθ鳣񵯳ġͷһɫеڲ˳ػ£ЮſֲԵľݺײǰһ¸֮ǽϡ

һ̣дʿ̵һĻˡ֮ǰޱȣ᲻ɴݵĸ֮ǽȻһ˲䱻һɾ޴Ʒɣͬ󷽵ĶܱìֽͬƬһ㣬գڿлһߺص׹ڶʮĴ֮С
䣡
һһɫеƶ˸֮ǽǰһһ鳴浯䡢գ֮䣬ֻײӱġɫޡ£һһ¸֮ǽ׷ֽƬһա
ԵһĻĸд˸оһĿѣԵѣΡ


1058 ʷǰĴս

̵̳Ĺ
ʯ̸̣ͼ̶̳ȴӴ˲֪ٱЩɫ޵ĹƵķ߶ʱһ˿ֲȱڡɱҵ˻УĴʳĿ׺ݣŴȱڴɱ
ɵǣ
Ĵʳɫ·йբ֮ˮһ㣬Ŵ˵ӪĿֲʹʳ˵׺ݣһչ¶š
飬ҵײУһһʿ߰㣬߸ײɵС̶һȱڣѸٱɴҡڴʳ಻ϵع£ȱڽһѸٲķΧ
סҪǳ
סǣǳǾˣ
ɱ˸ϣ

һĻ˶ˡһܱ֡ǹì֣иĹӶ۾һӾͺˣ׷ŭţȱڴ˹ѾˣʮĴʳڵһǰãһҵйڣеѹʱڴͷŶ

ҽڶԴʳ˵ĳһһʿϵص£Ǽ㵽һ̣ƴȫǰ壬Ǹ˵ʵʵ̫ˣԴʳһһˮĳݺ㣬ֵס
ھţ׼
һĻ֥͵سǧھսʿѸټᣬһǿƣĿ׼ȱڴ
ѾΣƾͨʿʵֵܵסʳĸҪȱڣֻܿھˡ
֣
֥бָɲǼ䣬ǧھսʿĿᶨʱǰ㳯ȱڳȥ
ϣ
ȱڴھսʿˢˢγϵĳǧһһƬγһ˵ѹ
ɱǣ
Ϊ׵ھսʿкһ˲䳤һӣھսʿ绢Ⱥ㣬ãã纣Ĵʳӳȥ
ͣΪ׵ھսʿһӣ˲ӵһƥ˹ս´룬һϵĴʳĺĴأھսʿֻһͽʳ˴׷ɳȥһһϵףӽǧ֮أǹھսʿĽϣȴ㣬ֻһ˦ͷɳ߰Զײ˴Ƭʳ
¡
ɱһĴʳھսʿһ磬һڶɱһĴʳ䣬䣬䡭һһھսʿ̤ĽŲᶨޱȡۣѪϵرھսʿһһһɱһˣֻһ춯صľ죬ӶĴʳܲݰ׷׵¡
ôĴʳȻûһ˿赲ھսʿĲ
䣡
ǧھսʿַʽһǰһɱ¾ǵأɽ˿ɵ
ϣ
սŵ˻ڶǧھսʿ˿¡пƣЩѵءηĴʳս׷׸о˿ֲ˻ͼЩµսʿ
Ȼ䣬ǧھսʿԿֲٶƽܶٴʳȫֵסǹơһǧǧǧЩµĴʳھսʿǰһĵ£ʬۻɽ鲼ս
ɵǣ
ȷһĻײµĺȷ档һȷ䵶Ѹǰھսʿɱȥ
ɱ
޴ĺ䵶һĿպۣɺĵϣĿĺȷսʿȷսʿӵзḻĶԵо飬նɱĶ֣һСѪɫԾƴȫһ£ѿ˵Ѫ֮ˡȻȷɽһսϣսʿͦ罸ʯһվû˿飬ֻһ˫һۣȻһ̳
ͣĽᴩսһ͸ϵĺȷ棬ĺ󱳴ˣʱ䶨Ǿ޴ĺ䵶ҲȥһһشһǧһţڿУá
ôܣ磬ôôǿսʿ
ȷսʿԲ۾Ĳš
֮ǰɲǣоȻоһĺ⡣ôɱô֣һΣ֪óɱ¾սʿĺնûа취ȫʩչͱԷҪһɾ䣬ûκζĶ³̶جΡ
¡ǧھսʿһִݿƳȥ̳޴Уȷʱھǰȫû
׼޲ȱڣ
һ쳹һߣδ䣬սһܼܽṹӵĻеۣĲ£һ¶صĸǽѸƶǰˡ䣬صĸǽ£ĸ̲ʯ֮Уգ֮䣬һµĸǽڷϣǵڶ£¡
Уǧھսʿ㣬һſ赲ȱڴסشĹ
ܶٴʳǧʼտȻһ˲䣬ǧھŵĹ£ʿ񣬶ܱǹѸٵľۼȥ½µķߡ
ʱ
ͬʱսһ࣬ڰϣĿʼעŵһߺЩ޴ɫսеڴݻٵһǽЩ޴ɫսеڴڻ£Ѹƶĸ߶ȥ
ھŵʵȻǿ󣬵ǲЩ޴ɫսеΣȻڣǧãã纣Ĵʳɿ͸Щȱڳɱ
¡
ڼټܾ޴ɫеҪƶһεĸ֮ǽǰʱû˿ԥҵкһ͵ذγĳһﵱȣĴǳ֮ķ϶ãã纣Ĵʳӡ
ʮʮ
û˿ԥҵǧɽӴƣ˲ʩչĩǿʮ֮һ
ʮʮӦãã纣ԶԼöĶʱʹõ󷨣¡¡ֻһ춯صľ죬ض·˺ˡǧ˵ﱬľ޴ƣսǰʮƴʳȫѹס

ֻһĲҽУ⻷⻷𵴣뵶ཻսսײǧâײӱսľֻǰ˹ֵսʿͬܶ˹ʿڣ˲˿ɵ
Ʋ죬赲ЩʳӰӴݻЩɫսе
ҵһ£Ѹٽǧֳִ
飬ǧһ˲嵽һɫսеǰĴʳҽУһƥƥսײʮԶЩĴʳ䵶ȸǰ׷Ӧۣϳء
ʳӦֻǰһױƵѪ¡ͷʱȻ֣ѪǴԼǻ漴ǰһصڵϡ
ùĴʳȫЩɫеϵĻҪڣֻҪƻʳ˾ûʹã


1059 ʷǰĴսģ
ĵХޱȣӰ˵еȸֳһݺݵЩɫе¶ĻϣӰƴȫһҲֻЩɫеıһҵȱڡ
ײӱսġޡǧ˴ϧĲϣһ˳ǧķĺͼģ̶̳󣬾ƳĹ޷Ч˺ǡ
ҲǿӰƹ屾¶ԭ
ϣڿӰ齣ɲǣһȸֽ£¶һǳǳ˺ۣǵĽ彣ɰǧȸֽӿֻһɫޡϵ¶ӦϡӰǼ£ɫϵĹؼ˲١
ߣ
Ӱкһڶɫеǰֻʱ䣬һɫеѾϡ
ɱ
ɱ춯أɫսеܵܵĴʳҲˣһȿֺ󣬷ӵ
ʮʮǰ˿ɵУжͣµٶȾж졣
䣡
Ӱ˼磬ϵعЩɫսеһܡܡ̶ʱھдɫе׷ױݻ١Ӱ˵ٶȼ죬ÿһɫеǰͣʱ䶼̣ǧ˵Ķ飬ֳʮͬʱɽʳҪԮ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ټɫսеʱȫݻ٣һܼΧʬ塣ǧһĳ棬ɱĴʳٴﵽ˾ǧˣһȫǾ
ɱǣ
ǧãã纣ĴʳǼأɱѪҰȻһ˵һ֮󣬶̣һδˡ
ô
ߺһԱߴĿǰͷҲûص
̫ǿ
ҵһϢ΢΢ЩҡǧɫҲ΢΢͸һЩ԰ףĴϢšȻһĹǧδˣǺķѵȴġ
һسɱķѵһս
һʳʵ֮ǰ߳ܶ࣬ȫǾǵѵ̶ȡʽ书ճ̶ȣµĹ⻷б˴˵Ĭ̶ȣԶȰ˹µıǿϺܶࡣ
ҵ֪ʲô
ΪĽ죬ڱͥҵĿ񣬶ڶֵжϷǳ׼һսȻƻԻͣһĳɱٵ˼ټܾ޴ɫսеں£ɡɱ˾ǧĴʳ񡣵ǹ̵׺ݺͼҳ̶ȣֻҵЩݵһߵ˲֪
ºѼ̫ʱ䣡
ҵԥ˺ܾãڻ˵仰
˫֮Ĳʵ̫ˣҴʳЮƶͨʿǾһɱأķ˴˵ˡ
û˵ȴ΢΢һ
ҵַּǳǿҲԷ˵֡Ѽ̫ʱ䡱ˣ˵ֻֻ˵һ㣬˵ĻҪصöࡣ
Ĳ࣬Ǵ޷ֲ⡣
ȥɣúϢһ֮һٽǣ

ǣү
ҵ
ûϥĹҵڸߴĺѪϣĿѸٵĿʼϢһɹڵİɫѸٴ뵲ɢҵڵϢҲָ
ڵսǳңһÿʱỵ̈ڳӴѹҵ㹻Ϣʱ䣬ǧ˱ʱ׼Ͷս
ˣҪͶİ𣿡
һԿ֮ƥɫڰߵԣͻȻڵ
һµʱ䣬Կ֮ϯԪ졢¦ʦǵһֱѵİӣһ֧µĲӣµı֣ͬҲһ֧Ӵı֡ҪǣһˣԸڶ࣬ĳѵ
ѾϳھҲѾϳھʣͬİӻûϳˡ
ڻʱ򣡡
ҡҡͷԶƮĸ˺ɫ죬ɫ¡أ
ʳ˵ڻûͶĲӣܶ˹ǿĲûж˹ǿĲûжľ˾ûж⣬ͳ˧һûж
ǰߵѾǳΣգЩصģܱƶĸ֮ǽҲھҵҡΣʱ壬ϣֻǸ֥ǧκһϳܼĸĹ۴Ĵ
ʱ˸
ʳܶһܶټһľ˵ľų۹󼶱ﻹһûг͵ȼʿսʵڴǰ¶󱳣ԳһƱԵĴ
֮սȻҪ۹֮սǹؼԵأ


սһˣһңңԵĵطĸ˾޴ĺɫ˧ڷ趯˧ȴһƬžǰĺɱȫ硣
ڰ˹֮Ĵ˵⻹ǵһμʶ磬Զڶ̶̵ʱڣƵĵ۹ͳ֧ǿľӣѹԵľƣɱ˴ʳսޱȵսʿ
һ̣ͻȻЩףΪʲô԰˹ѪܶԺЩˡ
٣֧˾ӣô
ˣǷҪͷţֵʵǿֻгͷţ²ܺǿ⣡
ܶ˹һͻȻǰڵ
ͷ޺֮񣬴˵Ҳ޺еһͷ˹Ϊܶǿһ֧ԡͷġ֧˹սѪսвʤȻ࣬ս鼫ḻʵԶʿ
깥ɺ˹µ֧ͷžмΪʳɨɺǿĵˣ˺͡
Է֧ǧ˵ĲʵȺ˹£ҲֻСͷšܶԸǡ
Ȼˣ֧ͽˣ
ͻȻһľ˾ͳ˧Цһǰû֧ǧ˵İھšҵ֧
룬Һľ˵սʿǻ⽫˺飡
˵󣬰¶һ˿̵Ŀ⡣Щķʽݻ˴ĴʳչʾԼʵҲչʾӵΪľ˾Ŷֵʸ
˵¶ŨҵȤ
ǵ£׼һ£
һ࣬ɫĻ䵶£˹ɫ֣أͻȻŤͷԱߵǵµ
Ѿھźһľʿ赲סǵģʳ棬ҲЩǿˡ֥ս꣬һ֧սǿھһ˹£ͬһ֧Ϊмǿš
ˣ
ʱͻȻһᡢ߰ŴԵˡһ㵣Ťͷȥֻԣ˸ںɫս£·oһ㴣սܶײͻȻˡ


1060 ʷǰĴս壩
˫һУͬŽɫսף׶ߵĴʳԡʤߡʱǰӱ
ˣ
ɲǼ䣬һƬžǿһӰ˶һݣ˭Ҳûпڡ
̫ˣԸһĴƣķ̫ʱˣ
ǴŴԵͷ𣬺䣬˻ûӦâһ𶯣ǻӲӣ·һӰѾϷ£˵ϡһɲǣɫһ㵣Ŀǵҫ۵Ӱ΢΢͸һ˿Ȼɫ
ײ㡭
ܶ˹촽ţҪ˵䣬ͻȻ֮䣬˹ûӦͿǰӰһһֱûôսܶײͻȻŲͦ¡¡ǰ˹ȥ
̬ݣǰߣٶȴȱ졣ոʱ򣬾ֻмľ룬ǵ˹ڣ׼סʱײ˾Ѿʮɵľˡ
ûȰ˹һ仰˵꣬ײӰѾ׵ʧãã纣Ĵ֮УԶԶȥֻһҫ۵Ľ⣬һֱֱߣԶ˹ǰ˵ĵһ߶ȥ
⣡
ܶ˹ֻڿУײıӰʱһ仰˵ˡ
ýˣӵսȫͬ
Ա߽еһ˿ѩĹâ
Ϊ˧ߣԲսÿսҪ˧ϳǻҪʿʲô
˧ıԣָӵȣ۲ֵѰҺʵʱȷ档ңһ˧֣սζⳡսһʤʱһ㣬Ƕн˧еս
ײսȴȫͬ
˵ײսϲµȣһˣͳŴԾѹԵȱڣݻٶ֣նɱз˧һս˵һ£ȴһָܡ
ƲŸոճ·˧û֣ʳߣľ˾Żûϳ˹˹֡Щĵ۹Ҳûг֣սûеȻĵزսܶײȴѾͲסǰ֡
λʳպܶͳ˧д㵣ЩӦˡ
⣬ײôͳˣλˣҲְɣЩҪеĻҪǿܶ࣬ǻλĵ۹󽫣ײ˹һˣ»Կ
һԱߴǵ¿Զʧսܶײ̲סƽ
Ȼ·Хܶ˹ľ˾ųˣͬʳսͳ˧˹ڣ˾վͦͺ˭ҲûŲһ¡
ǵ¿һĻʱסˡ
ǵ£ˡײ֪ܶһ
ǰ˹ڵɫƽĿ⿴ǰͷҲأ
Գսʱ򣬲ϲ˲֣ʱ֣飬Ϊһðº󻹻Ǩŭǣʱһͻ
ǣ⣬Ҳս̫ܶˣ
ڰ˹ֵķϣһԵİҲѵÿˣͰ˹һͬǰͷҲأ
ԷȻ۹󽫣ϵײ˭ʤ˭ܻ治һϣײԿˣ治࣡
һԣɫ޺ս£ܶ˹Ҳ΢΢˵ͷȻͰ˵Ŀȫһ¡
Ϊʳ۹սǿ֮ܶһײ·ʽ˵ȻܶǳĲϲٲϲҲòϣײкͿǿģʵΪġ
Լײϰ˵Ļ˹֣λʳǿͳ˧Ҳû˿Թԣûȥ졣ʵΪ𣬵ȼɭϵĴʳ۹ǿζһСײΪսܶӵݿʸ

£ǵ¿ɫµļλͳ˧ٿǰײıӰ˵
Ȼײ˵ãϾǵģǵ£µѪɳȥɣ
˹ֵ
ȻˣǵĶͷҲɳȥɡײӦòַʽİ
ܶ˹Ҳڵ
Ͱ˹ǶѣйಢսĻԻսֻҪվһۺʱǹͬˡ
ǣˣ
ǵһϲһѸȥ

Ҳ󷽷飬ʱ˿̣ǰսϣΪսܶײĳ֣ⳡսעתı仯
飡
ֻǼ򵥵һ̤ɲǼ䣬ضҡмʯգû˿սܶײϱƣս·޷ֲƣڲ
ײȫźĻƽսףɢ̫ҪҵĹâͬ˼սϣһ㡣
ХײĿڣһ㣬͸ؿռ䣬ʼԶĴƷߡˣâһʿûзӦײѾʧٳʱѾʮɿ⡣
飬𶯣ײһ̤âһٴγڸңԶĵطٶƻʵ죬ÿ˸;һ߽ϲ٣ֻƬ̵Ĺ򣬳ǧʿͱ˦
ھһ߻жʮɵĵطײȻͣ
ϣ
ֻһһǰײһ̽󱳣ȻǱŴʳ۹նɱǿߣ۹Ϊ֮ŷɥĽɫ񽣣
ɲǼ䣬ײϵĽâʮΪһƬŨҵĽɫ棬ֱնŤ
ү
һͻȻѦǧŴǰǵɫӰƤ֪ΪʲôǵӰѦǧľͻȻּȲĸоͬһʱ̣Ҳע⵽ԶǵӰ
𣡡
ͬʱֻһ춯صĹ⻷ŷȫ㼯һϡ˵ĿУϵͻȻεض𣬼ͣգ֮仯Ϊһ޴Ľ

ȻҲоΣѸʩչǿֻһգۣͻƵ˵۹󽫼
ʱ򣬶ʮ⣬飬ǧʳӵ£ײҲ˶к˸еĽɫ޽ŵز¡¡ײʼֵĵطǶʮ⣬ٴοʱѾգ˸ǰеĽɫ޽ݺݲ˵档
ɲǼ䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬ɫĹ£սܶײΪޣҸһǧ׵ķΧڣеĸǽͬ󷽵ĴʿһһɽĿֲըʮա
Ũ̹̳죬һɲǵľ޴ǹսеɱԭɱҵսͻȻСࡣ˹࣬ĸ˾޴ĺɫս£׼˹֡˹˵Ҳ̲סƤ
ֻһսܶײڴβƵķǰ俪һǧ׳ľ޴ȱڡѾԶԶ֮ǰټɫսеΪ󷽵Ĵһֲͨ
һ׸ıսĸ֣
ֹˣһôƻ˵ĸ֪Уսܶײһ赭дûʹȫʵ
ӽ߰ɵľ룬İٶ¸֮ǽÿһһײʵȻǿ󣡡
һɲǣԶǻĳǵƤһиеǰδе𺳡


1061 ʷǰĴս
ǵһ֮Уδսܶײչ棬˽Ҳڴ˵Ѫܶ˹ֺڹ﷢ǰչ档֮ǰ飬ǵͻȻΪʲôԼܶ˹֡ܶ˹ľ˵찬˻޶ˡ
սܶײǿѾ˷˵󣬵һ˵ǿһ̶ȣѾӵսţҪ˵İˡ
Զܵ𺳵ԶֹǵµˡΪ˹Ĵͳ˧֮һͬû뵽ȵĵҽȻӵ˿µʵ
ĵң
ʯ䣬ֻһǹ̳ûɢϻһȷ
䣡
ƺƣӿ֮Уֻâһһֻ˶ȭɽ壬Юƥľɽ㣬Ÿǽǰսܶײݺݺ
ɲǼ䣬̳ϣֻ޴ֱǰײȻӰһֻϰ㣬Ե΢
Ȼһ̣ϣֳƳԶٴǰһɲǣʱ䶼·ֹ
ˣ
˵ĿУսܶײкһ˫סɫ޽Ȼݺݳǰľ˹ȥ
䣡
ֻһǰâһû˿ô£սܶײӰѾӵʧٳʱѾǾǰڰ͵һ˾ϡ
¡¡ضҡ˲ŵĿУӴɽͰľսܶײ赭дһǰػӴض𣬷·߷һ˳ȥĴС

ֻһ춯صľ죬ĲҽУߺ԰ټƵĴʿھײɲǣ˲仯Ϊ촷ۣ֫ϱۣ衣սܶھϵӴڴ¾̳ضʱһƬꡣ
ֻһͻ˴ƵķڶѹԵľ쾡µĻһλƵ۹󽫼ͳ˧
ײµʵչ¶š
𺳣
ޱȵ𺳣
ѻȸ˶ײµʵסˡû뵽ϾʵôʿȻʳܶһӲס
ף
һĻһƬͨ졣սǰʱ塢ϡ֥ǧͽйսݣºÿ˶һƬ򣬵û뵽ԷܶʵȻǿֻһͽԼĸش
ס֣
Ȼһȣע£һݣѸսܶײķ˹ȥ
ͽɣ
սܶײս룬䣬ޱȣû˿ԥײ˫սһ̤ŵصľնɱȥײֲʵһУϱɡ
ã
һĻ֮Уϡɫ󾪣ײ߸Ծնɱµʱû˿ԥײ˹ȥ
֥塢ǧ֮Уϵʵͣսǰʱ򣬷ϡ϶ˣΪóϣԸû뵽ʱ˿̣ϡȴΪҲܾԮˡ
䣡䣡䣡
˵ʱʱ죬ʯ䣬ֻϡն𣬴һ˦һ¶±ײɵĸ֮ǽεض˵Ĳ£ڵһ㣬׷ײܵĵ棬һ£££Ķ¡ͨϣֻգ֮䣬˶¾޴ĸǽѸ䵽ײΧǶ˴֮С
ˣ󷨳εɲǣâһײʧ
̫ˣˣߣ
ɫһϲ΢΢˿ѸٳԶ˹ȥ
Իϵ󷨾ѧƾһУסĽɫâܡʱ˿̣󷨣ΪӮһ
Ȼ˱ûʱͻȻ¡һѿŶµԻ˲ķѡ֮УһµĽһΪɶֻһ׷ϷŶˣ£ϵ˲̣Σڵϡ
ϣ
ϣ
һĻ˵۾ˡرǧһĿѣ
ϣ
ϡ˴еλأкܶǿųģ˭Ҳû뵽ǻսһַʽնɱɲǼ䣬ﳯ˹ȥ
С󣡡
ѿսܶײ˫ɽӴ̤֮˳ȷʵ⣬ײ˵ûʲôһġ
ײν׼׷ɱϣһٸɵԷһͳ˧ʱͻȻ֮䣬ХһĴͷ
ȥ
ڶһ޴ƣ֮٣Ȼͷ
ˣ
ײ۾΢У͸һ˿ɫһͳ˧ȻҪ֮ǰܵĴͳ˧ǿһЩǺܿ죬ײһЦ
䣡
޴Ľ£ݺײϣԤ֮еѪɣ˱ҳȥĳ沢ûз˵ĿУ廯ħĽƣھ滹ߵĵطͻȻ֮䱻һεһ
ôܣ
廯ħ񣬾Ӹ£һĻжʱɲ
һѾ㾡ȫȴû뵽ײȫȫĵ
ߣ
ײ̧ͷ޴ħ¶һ˿Цݡһɲǣ˿ײо޽ǰĵУʲôûƾſĵ͵ֲһ
һ̣ײ˫ְνһɽХľϯأ·籩һϱ
䣡
û˿ײôֵģȵʱֻһƬĽЮĽ⣬ݺݵնħϡ䣬ս׻壬ҲѪڣӴǱɽĿֲõ˫ڵĹۡ
ˣ
ײкһҪ׷ͻȻ·оʲô͵̧ͷɲǼ䣬˫䡢ڵͫϣâ˸ӳһһСӰ
䣡
Զײ֮ǰնȻһһֲĽӵٲкӲ¡ڽĩˣĿһӰǸ֥
壬㣡
ڸֵ֥ͬʱҡغһ޴ȭЮʮ֮٣кݺײϡ
֥ͳǧͳҲһɲ֡
¡¡
䣬ޱ޼ʵƺƵˢ˷һޱȣԶԶ֮ǰκһ̳ܣǽײγû

ƺƣ˺أһ̣ԶˣѾû˿ԿԶսֵĳһ̣̳һ⸡֣ԼαѸ󣬳˷ҵı俪䣬âһ˰һ̾ͿӰ˳


1062 ʷǰĴսߣ
䣡
սǵңoһȻӰһǰǧãã纣Ĵʳ͵رһ춯صĻ
ײ
ײ
ײ

սʮʳһĻģȫ̼Ѫڡ¡¡ƣʮʳ磬˳ײ俪ȱڣӿ롣
һĻ塢֥˷׷ױɫ
ȫ
֥쳹սͬһʱ䣬ɵĸ֥ǧͬ塢ϣȫײȥ
ʳս
ܺɺ˵źѾϸֵʱ˲ŸоԷжôǿ
󳵲ӣȫ׼ȱڣ
İ׼󣡡

۾ͨ죬ͷƤըеһθоǰδеΣȻϸ룬ˣ͸֥ײȥ
λʳսܶһΣĸԴ취ɱֹȱڣɱЩĴʳҲûа취ıⳡܾ֡
䣡䣡䣡
ơȭֹܼ꣬㣬ײϯȥ֮ѾκΪ֮ȻʧɫҲκε۹ԶǧȻλʳսܶǰеĹȻȫֵˡ
ϣײеĻƽ޽쵽£񣬻򵲣˵ĹȻûκһԿ塣ײһģ˳ȥֲֿǰδеĳе𺳣ʤκһˡ
˹֮սܶ鶼ıˡУǵһκʹʳս֣ܶν뵽˹ײ֣Ź
̫ǿˣʵѾԽ۷۹󽫵ļ𣬴ﵽһ΢ľ硣벻ʳ۹ȻôǿĶ֣
һ̣д˷𺳳̶
ү㣡
սҵʱƾ졣һǧһԾ˵ٶȣսoһ㲻սʤײ
иͣ
һȣǧͱ任˲ϢŮɢһ㣬ֳʮݶӣɢ˷
иʮʮķ֧ҲǶԸʵǳǿĶʱʹõ͡
ס֣
˷̤ɫһĿѣײʵǿóⲻһͨи;ܶԸ˵ġʵԶԸЩ׼ͨĴ󽫣ײʵѾ룬ֵܹġ
ֹҲѾˡϡϵ̼еȫۿͨ죬ķŭ
ɱ
Ϊϱ𣡡
¡¡Уۿͨ죬̤
ϣ
ս˻ڳǧʿĿУһһһ֮٣˷ڿն𣬳ɱ̶ʱڣʮ𣬳ײɱ
ˣ
ײսһģͻȻ֮䣬˻ĿкһȻŤͷ䣬ײֳֽգͬʱһֻ͵ֱ׼һɲǼ䣬ͻһɰ̺͵شײӿˢա
һ룬𺳵鷢ˡײֳֽס۹󽫣һֻסãã纣Ĺһһӵڿն𣬵ȴһУײֲڿУһﶨڿУá
У
ԶԶأһĻΪѵİ˹˹֡˵ˣҲ̲סһ֪ײʵǿû뵽ʵȻǿزѾǿݵˡǰ˹ִħ֮ȭףҲûа취ǿ
һȻʵȴǿš
˹Զ𺳲ѡ
ǰײΪʳսٻЩʱ˿̣ﻹл˵ԵʵǾԵƾһ뻯ħһʵײӵκӵʸ
䣡
ͬʱֻԶһ춯صľ죬ɲǼƺƣ˵ĿУײԾһһը촷ۣ׷϶ը˳ȥ
ǾףҲײ黨Ťһţǵڶĸ˵ĿУϰﱻ촷ֻۣʣһĿտӣ֮Уһ
쵰
һ˻쳹أһɲǣâһҵŸߴĺѪһԾе˹ؾ޽ն£ݺݵײ֮С
ҵʵζвײλǿĴʳսġֻǴʱ˿̣ײһģסƵ۹󽫣ͬʱֵֵֵסһʵʩչ˼ޣҵĳ֣򳹵׵Ĵƽ⣬ձϵϵǸһˣɲǼ䣬ͿһĲƣҵľ޽Ϊģ˷ſ
ҵľ޽еһһĻأпײܺյ
ˣ
һĻһֱɫƽ̩ɽҲսܶײ΢΢ɫ

һȣսܶײܴﵽ޵ʱһ޴ĽȻ֣Կٵ֮ƣݺݵؿײ֮ϡ
ɲǣԿ֮Ҳڳˣ˶սܶײΧ֮С
ң
ټң㵽жǿ
ʯ䣬ϯԪ졢¦ʦǣͬǺѶڣһڵȫڿնҲһս֮С
ײɫ䣬ѱֿʼ򶨺ƽʵǿսҪԶ˹ǣҲ޷ͬʱô۹󽫺׼Ĺ
䣡
ʯ䣬û˿ԥײתȫһɰڱ䣬ֻһһ춯صıըޱߵײΪģ˷һȦһȦͣ𵴿޴£塢֥ǧϡҵϯԪ졢¦ʦǵȫ߷ݰ㣬׷׷ɳȥݺݵײڵϣʯ̳

ͬʱ˴Ҳ׷ױײ˳ȥɲǼ䣬սܶײΪģԲڣˣײɵӰ
ôĸ֣һֱս񲻿սʤײĽҲ΢΢һЩɫ΢΢Щ԰ס
ײȻųս񣬵ϾͬʱԸôˣҲĲ١
ˣ
һлˣײкһ˫ֳֽ͵Ծû˿ԥһ˸֥Ĵ˧ײһ۾жϳ֥ʵǿвҲ󣬺Ͱ˹֡˹˲ͬû̫ȤֻնɱЩǿߣȤ
Ȼײֿ죬ָ졣ײԾɲǣ¡¡һӰȻεض˻δһ޴Ľݺݺ˰еײħӴڴʱӳ˾޴ƣײԾٿ죬Ҳûħһÿ졣
ˣ
Ľƣײڰգһâ䣬ȴ΢΢͸һ˿ȵɫ


1063 ʷǰĴսˣ
ͳ˧ָײԤƵĻҪ࣬ײһƵըӰǳޡȻ⣬ֻһɲײͻָеľ޽Ȼı䷽նںɫĽϡ
¡ĽƸܲסһ˲䱻ײһըɷ飬һҲΪӮѵõĴϢ֮
ߴˣ㹥ĺ󱳣
̴ˣ㹥Ϸж
ף㹥磡
棬Ը

̶ʱڣ巢һδ䣬Ѿ¡¡εضеĽٴ۳Σײ˹ȥײʵȷʵǿս׻壬ײĹ൱һֱս׵֮УʵߣǷԶκһˡⳡսУΨһܹײˡ
䣡
ȷսĽȻһ䡣Ƶĵ۹󽫻ϣײɵѹ
ħ֮ŭ
һ

̫֮ͣ

Ĵ۹㾡ȫ
ѶɣԿ֮ϯԪ졭עеĽɫ޽ǴԸȫǣľ޽
Ϸһս伤ңرǵ巢һʱѸٸıսĿײתƵеľ޽սֶʱ΢ı仯

Ǿ
һ

׼㾡ȫ㹥ײеľ޽ײһʵǿޱȣƽʱ򣬿¸Կ֮ˣһͱնɱڣײʵȫǣƣҪǣͬжһײһʵеľ޽ܷӵ쾡¡޽ǣƣײʵʱۿۡ
ˣ
ӿս֮УײкһŤͷĿӸ֥תƵϡʵߵģǻⳡսãԶʵҪ
ֻ΢СսײĹ࣡
ײ˵Ҫģ
֪Сɱ㣬ɱˣ
ײкһϣһĽ֮ײһֱֻ۾еĻƽ޽ֱָ񷡣һ̣غһɳĽɫƺƵֱײһϢҲһɲǱһء
Сģ
壬
ã

֥оһΣɫ䣬ʯ䣬ƴȫײˣ˵Ĺˡ

ɲǼ䣬ֻһľ죬ײ߾ٵĽɫ޽ͨĽɫΪһֺĽɫ׵磬һЮŻԵĹ棬ݺħϡ˵ĿУһɽһħ񣬴ͷţ˲һϸĺߣȻ¡һѳ룬ըƬ
ү
һߵĴ쳹أһĻ۾ˡ¡¡ǧƵһ㣬Ծ𣬷׷׳Űеײȥ
䣬ǧƵһײײϡǰ׵֣ײΪ˻ɱ壬ʩչǿĽѧ¶һ˿ɳ֮ײһҲܼĹ£Ѹ
ˣײǿӲĹ
һȺϣ
˳ɵһͳ˧ײɫ䣬תԸһ̣벻鷢ˡ
أڵ治ΪעĵطӰһһӰڵһģһڰлһ޴ĻΣ׳㳯ŰУâ䣬̫һײȥ
Ť
һ쳹أʯ䣬û˿ԥһɰһ㣬ڱɲǼ䣬ŤһɿֲЮһ߳ȸֽݺݺײϡ
¡¡纣ģ˵ĿУ˼һĻˡײΪʵŤɲǣͭǽڰȻͬһ㲨ŤģӲĴŤŲһ˿϶ȸֳ˳϶͵˽ȥ

Уײɫ䣬ԭתȥ壬͵Ťͷϣһ¶𾪵ɫ
ħˣȴûⱾ˾ȡ
˾ȵǣʧȥħĻǰѾ۷׼ļ𣬺ײ֮ž޴Ĳࡣ״̬£ȻԴŤ˺ʵǿײķ
˵ʱʱ죬ΪδɱѾ׼˼õʱ䣬ȵײɲǣȸֽ׳磬Ѿֱײĺģ಻֮ң
Ȼľ룬һɰײڱһ᲻ɴݵıһ㣬بȸֽǰ赲Ĺ
ȫֹ֣
ʯ䣬֥Ҳƴȫӿ磬ɽײȥֻ˲Ϣ䣬ɰײ˺ײ֮սʱ׺ݵ䶷ɱ뵽˸յƴ
ҲǸ֥мǣײķ
ͽѰ·
ײڰ֮УζԿŸ֥ǧԼѶɵ˵ĹȫڰաײĿ⣬ʼնϡ
սݣ
ײԳµǿѧ֮һȻֻбһ㣬ȴ᲻ɴݡײһսĶ֣ûһܹսݣ
һĵ۹ζ
ײĿɫϣΣյƴԵôݲȡΪѪ֮սѾʲôܹˡ
𣿡
ʯ䣬ͻȻ̧ͷ˵һʳ
ˣ
仰ײͫ΢ıɫ
Ȼ˵ǵԣ
ײǰ壬͸һ˿𶯡
ûлشֻȻһЦȫըŤȫͬʱԼߵƵʷ񹥻ײ
ûõģ֪ϣһ֪
ײܿعӸ£壬ԼעҪƽ˹޷ɵվҪײɡ
Ҵһɣ
ײ׼ⳡսʱͻ𡪡
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ԭײ赲ȸֽͻȻ֮һּ죬޷͵ķʽ͸ײ᲻ɴݵսݣĽײϵҪ̶ֱٶ籼׳磬ޱȡ
ˣ
ײɫ䣬ʯ룬һգٱ͵شڱͬһʱ䣬ײα任һֻ㵲ȸֽ
һжȸֹֽײǰһߴҲ޷ȸֽңңԵĵطһֻɫǿơ
ƴȫһվûͻײķ
Ȼһ̣գײĸһϸɲĺɫۣ漴һѪ˵ĿУĵռ䣬·档
⿴صСС仯ʱ˼ž
֮Уâ䣬һֱ򶨣oһ㸩˵ײͻȻ˫Уһ͸𾪵ɫ
Ѫ
ڴʳ۹սʮ꣬ײһֱ޲ˣս޲ʤûκܹ˺ûκܹѪսϣȻˣѪ


1065 а֣
ԭ£
ײ̧ͷǰ壬±ŷһֲֿɱ
䣡
һɻԵɽ緢㣬ͻȻײڱ籩ɨȫ
飡
ֻһƺߣײŭǰ塢ϡ֥ǧͬѶɡϯԪ졢¦ʦǡҵˣ׷߷ݰ׷ɳȥݺݵڵءۣɲǣһ͵һѪ
̫ǿˣ
ѵĴӵ𣬿Ÿ߿еǵӰҰײǿѾ󣬽ƾ֮޷ס
Уײɱ糱Բ֮ڶ־Ť
䣡
ʯ䣬ֻһײ˫͵һգֱնĿȻԶ塣
һײ޶籼׳磬ٶޱȣ˻ûзӦһѾնţײĿֲʵһУɡ
ү
ˣ


һĻе۾ˣ֥Ҳ١
Ȼ֮ǰײսУ˶ˣȻʱһĻҲԮ
ۿҪɥײ£һɲǣͻ𡪡
ס֣
һϵıȣͬɽХԶ˲Ϣ䣬ƱãԪߣ𺳵ĿУؼԪ㼯ͻȻΪһԪ籩ЮŻԵǰƾո֣ݺݳײײȥ
һŷ籩ֵ÷ǳͻأ籩תļµĺն·ܲסɾ̵ֳһۡ
Ԫ籩ײһܣǰ磬͵һԪ籩¡¡ֻһ춯صľ죬һǵƾոֵԪ籩˲ͱײ룬һɢ֮С
ǵԪ籩Ʈɢײڿ˷籩ĳ
ֻУԪ۵ɫס壬͵ȥ
ײʶ㣬ּδĳҲ̲סƤ͸¶һ˿صɫǺܿ죬ײͷӦ֮֮ǰӵı
ǰӵ𣡡
ײ˫һֺɣգ֮ƣ弲նȥײһսԴսܶλӣްܼˣѾǻôˣƣĿսϣһαѪײ˵Ǿ޷̵ġΣҪ
¡
Хɽضײһ¿־塢Ȼͬǵ۹󽫣ײǿѾԽ˷˵ۿҪٴɥײĽ£һɲǣâһһӰԾ˵ٶȣ͵شײĽ¡
ʲôˣͽ
һϵıȣ͸ųŭ͵ıһͬģһɾ춯أɽХĿֲȭ
¡
û˿һɲǱը죬ض·ըˣ˾ǧ֮ߣѹսʮɵļսһɢȥֻսУײ˫פɣĶ֣һ°׷ߣ۴䣬廤͸ŭ
һɲǣΧһƬžʱ䶼·ֹˡ
㵽ʲôˣȻԽҵȫһ
ײŲԶĺߣɫأٴС
ײսʮأ޲ˣս޲ʤûܹƾһ˫ȭܽ޽ȫһ
ĻģȻϷǰҰ
аվǰ趯˿ŭɶ
ž
ޱȵļž
սܶײаˣ˭ԷĻ˶ԣ˭ҲûáײͫԽԽһаϣҪҵ˫ž޽ȴʼûг֡
սܶײӲսҲηսԽǿĵԽܼеȤһΣײһΣû³ç֡һΣһɲ⣬ԿĶ֡
ܲöԸ
ײŶаˣһͷ
ײа˵ʱаͬڴײ
ǳǿ֮
а˵ĵһо
ѧ֮ŨʤӢܱǿơ֮ȻҲĸ֣Ǵ󲿷Ҳ൱ţǰλ׵ĵǿġа˵ĸ֪УԷľѾһ΢ľ硣а˵ֱе㲻˼顣
ʦСģ˽ײǴʳս񡣡
һ΢һֳ󣬼ѵ̧ײʵʵ̫ǿܹԸĿҲֻԼʦаˡ۷ʱʦǿ֮һһ࣬ʵΪˡ
ʦԸײǿײ˿ˡ
صģ˽ˡ
аͷҲصĿεضŶײ
аĺײһսɫȴйǡ
ֻһˣа˿ѳ֣ڵ״һ˿չܿܵ£а˸޷ȫӦս
Ϣĵţ֣ûгֵɲǣˣһҵսͬһʱ䣬˹Ķ𶯣̳ɱ춯ءһʱ䣬֪ʿ˹ķ
ûг֣̳Ϸһɹ£Ť֮кȻֳһ޴ĵƼ侪ˡ
ɱ
һɱ춯أ˹ǵĶ࣬âһǸ߸ߵϣһȫװϢǿͬ籩һĴʿƻȻ꣬糱ˮһ㣬սӿ
ô£
һĻԶԶأɫս£ǵƤʳӵʮľһЩͨԮǵµʵ⣬Щֵʿĸо˿ڸ֥µھšҲͰˣǵľǣЩھһսʿǧãã纣ٶϣࡣ
ôܣ
һ̣ܶ˹̲סɫΪԼѾ˽ˣȻڿƱĻҪǿöࡣ
˸
߸ߵϣһƥͷΰװߵĺɫսԵüΪĿĶսϣԶĳ۾һ죬Ѫţ͵شϳ
ɱ
˶һŭڣԶ˳Ÿ֮ǽȱӿ룬ɱĴʳӣͬ׳һ㼲۶
̍дıʱսӵȻֻıɢϢǵأɽҪĴʳӡ
İӳ
ȳĻȶ⾫Ԯս󷽵İӡ
¡
µɲǣһİʿͻȻ뻮һһˣ͵ؾ߳߳İһγڴƵսУһİֱ絶һ㣬ֱָգһİӵʿӣǽƽ


1066 ײˣ
䣬һһһİʿǣƽǹƸ˵ĸоݿ࣬޵Сƺʲô赲ǰᱻ촷ۡ
İӵƽٶȼ죬ֻƬ̣͵ִսҵĵط䣬ǰ˵İʿͻȻӶ߳೤İȻһһӭĴʳݺն˹ȥ
ϣ
һս˻쳹գϵĴʳ䵶ɲǣһȻʱʳ˴롣ͬһʱ䣬һһĲ˻ڶǧİʿӶİһְԵķʽǰʿ׷նѡ
һʱ֮䣬飬ս׹ڶս˲˼ǧߴʳ˵ʬ壬һнֻİӹǰࡣ
ɽ
ͻȻ֮䣬һİȣһ˫յ߸߾𣬵ţͬʱƽ䣬ڵڶʳɲǣһİʿٴγֻ֣һӽһʳӣٴαİն¡̳𣬶İӻǰ
֣
Уİʿٴǽƽǹ糱ˮһ㣬ӿƵ治ܵ䣬һʳı˻ţ˵İӵ£ѪڵʣİӻƽٶԽԽ졣
磡
һ֣İӳ֣ǧĴʳն£İӵٶʼû˿ļ·ûκζܹ赲ǰߵ˱նɱİеֽİӳĵڴʱֵչʾԼƣνһ糤һǿİƱûȵʳıİӾѾȹĻᡣ
𣡡
İӲͣյ鵶򿳣ݺն¡Ǿĵطһһߵʬ岻ϵĵ£İ磬Ƶļӳ£ٶԽԽ죬ҲԽԽǿڡ
ˣ
ˣ
һ˻УİӵĿƣһʳ¶ηɫİӴɱΣһǽƽֲֿƣ˸оһԹеĺ⡣ƺܶˣ۳ٴΣЩƵʿǰһ˿һã΢һǵĽŲ
ֻҪܹսʤԷͲȴǸоսʤʱǾ˸о־Ŀʼ
ϣǧսֵ˻ֿ־Щʳսܵ˸Ⱦ׷פ㲻ǰƴҪİӵķ
󷽣ӿһ糱ˮһ㡣
ôôǿԮ
ȱУһʳĽƤҧгݲѡǿµƣɽսܶײ£ûмκһӵй
¡¡ԭ˳ȱڳĴʳһľսǰ߲ϵܣ̲סȥ
أ
ҲʱһձԶ˵ͻôһɲǣսһƬš漴¡¡ʮԭˮһӿƵһߣҳˢȥĴʳԸٶȣ˹սȥ
ɱ
ϲ̫ͻȻ˶ˡɲǼ䣬ʿ˳Ŵʳ˵ķӿȥ

ʣ
ʱ˿̣㵵ĪڰУһںа˶ԿսܶײˡѰаϵ׼֮һսʱ򣬴ô׳ˡ
ǰȻΪɲаˣֿ˿Զһŷ籩ϮϢԼָ塢ǧϡ֥ײҧҧѡ
ˣǻټģ
ײǰԼŵаˣһΣѡԶȴ
ںԼһȺսУײѾַ̫۷״̬£ײȫûаտսʤаˡ
䣡
âһսܶײΪһ⣬һͨȻʧԶ
ô
һϤޱȣӶߴƮ˴峤Źȣһа˵ߣĿ⿴ײ뿪ķ
ٶȽ֮ǧ͸֮һа˻ǲһЩѾܿˣվΪһС·ϵһûܸⳡս
һǿһûĶ֣ңֻѾӴһؾˡ
а˵

˴峤΢΢һ㵣ײ뿪ķ򣬶ʱ͸һ˿صɫа˶ףʥ侳۷һĵطʲôľ硣ܴ־磬ǾԶǴ漶ǿߡ
ȱȰЩǰɡǵʵԿּǿߣЩǿ
а˵ܿջĿ⣬䵽˸֥ǧϡ
Ȼ֥ǧպ֥ǴƵĵ۹󽫣󶼻а˱Ͼ곤ܶ࣬Ǹ֥а˺˴峤ǰҲֻǸӶѡ

аһƮȳڸ֥Աߣӵ֮͵һļϡɲǼ䣬ֻһ죬漴ؿƺƣӿХԲڣеԪΪһƬһ㣬պХ£ٴ뺣֥ڡ
ֹˣǹ̺Ԫʵʣͬǧһ㣬ͬʱӿϵĳǧϯԪ졢¦ʦǵڡ

һĻ˶ˡ
ǿ
ڲǿǧϯԪаˣ¶𺳵ɫǵһμʦаˣѾǼǿߣа˵ǿȴȫǵ
Ǵδ˶ԪգѾֵز֮ȣʥ侳ǿɵþͬСһ
ǿ
֥վа˵ԱߣŨҵԪôľ룬ĸܱκһ˶ҪǿҵĶࡣԵˣȫǿıըϣ֥о˳ǧǿҵ
δκһϸо˿µֱͬһѹǧٱη籩һ㡣
ʱ˿̣һңԼѶǵˡ
ĺǴǿߣ
һ̣֥ݣʵѾǿˣλǰǲ˲٣ʱ֣ײº롣
ʦǧǰˣ
ʱ˿̣˵Īˡ
Դӵﱻƣʦ˺ܳһʱ䣬ǧ֮ʦʵͻͽÿһμʦ嶼ܹоõʦǧԽԽǿҲԽԽɲ⡣
ڣ嶼ⲻʦﵽʲôˡ
Ѿȫֲԭ


1067 ʥ۷֮ϣ
ӷ潻ָӣ߽á
а˿ǰоâָֻһ̧ɲǼɰǧΪǰܵĴʳ䣬ֻһıըƬĴʳըɳȥɳʮԶ
ɱ
һ࣬Ԯ˹ԭеפ͹ӶŴʳϯȥʱ䣬ɽʳӵøˡһֱ׷Զľ룬һձ

쵰˹֣˭ձģ
ڳˣȻڴʳ˵һлԶԶûнĸ˺ɫս£ײһɫսףݺݵضŰ˹ֵˣŭɶ
ײһΪսԶԶʳκһˡով׼ֶԸа˵ʱ򣬰˹ִŽǣѡˣײ˵Ǿ޷ܵġ
ˣ
ײδ䣬һϢʱƿնݺݵǰİ˹֡һɲǣն䣬ˡ˹ˣʱ¶˼ɵɫ
ײ˵ûж⣡
ܶ˹æ
û㿪ڣ
ײȻŤͷֻ˰˹һۣǱʱð˹һĻҲ˵ˡ
ͬΪܶײʵȴǿģرǼʶһڵĿʵ͸û˸Һӽ֡
ײҲûҪֹȥս
ʱ˿̣Ψһ侲ľֻа˹ˣɫݣλϵĴʳսҲû˿η壺
߷һ֮Ҫ˽еǻᡣҪǵʵҲӦôﵽĿˣԷ˴Ԯ۹󽫣ټǸˣ֮ǰսôãԷԶ٣»㲻
ԣǾҴ򲻹ô
ײ۾΢УɫԽıˡ
ΪĴʳսײһսްܼ˹ֵĻǡôļɻ䡣
ˣ
ײһ䣬նʱһ䣬ײȻƾˣǰ˹ֿҲ˿ûõ˼һսܶһѪܶǴʳ۹Ĵڡ
λǿܶվɫս£ð˹Ͱ˴Ϊ
ײ侲
˹֣Ҫ嶯
ҲЩˡ
δΪ˶Ը˹ˣǰչȥŪʮʳӾҪڧˡ
Ҳû˼ֻǣײ㲻ҪǶĿģ﷢µּҪƽͳһ磡
˹ֳ
ײͬײڲսʤЩǿĶ֣һ۹̤ڽ¡
˹ȴִսĿ꣬Ϊʲôսûгغɺһֱͣںɭ֣ȴᣬ
ؼžĸս£ս͵˱㡣
ײǰİ˹֣ɱ糱Ǳµľ޽ϵزţ
Χ˶¶˽ŵɫǵѾվ˰˹ֵϢסϵĴ֮
࣡
ǵµĺͷԾһ¡ΪʳԹΣգǰײȫͬĳ̶ֳѾһ߶ȣȫͬ˼ǵ¶ȷĿԶԸײ
ʱ˿̣侲ݵҲֻа˹֣۾΢΢ţеһû˿˼
ðɣ
ãײɿ˽վ޽ƣ˹ֵĻã﷢ּսʤײսķ
齻㣬ҵľʱ䣡
ײһ䣬һԲѸʧԶ

ʱǵ£ˣ˹һֱײ뿪˲оĳ亹
˹̫嶯ˣײԸֲǲ֪ŭǼ˻Ἣ䲻
ûˣΪѣ˹̲סǰȰ
ոһ亹
ģײûô嶯ˣվǸܶһͨ佫
˹ֵ
˻ײһսӣǰ˹ȴ֪һսǾԲܵսܶġ
߰ɣѾյ˹˺ͻ˵źӦҲ쵽ˡ
˹ֵһͷܿʧɫս¡

ձ˻Ǵʳˣ˫ѡԿơƷ沢û뿪ĸʳ棬Ҳûƹ߼ս
һսƺ֮˹֮ǵ˾ۼһãԵʮء
ʧͳƳսʧ˶ˣ
֥˫ֳϣһԵĸٵ
ǵʧ٣һҡʳǱʧ󣬴нӽȫǾ񣡡
ٳ
ٵĻڵնʱ˲١һսƴʳʧȴƸ࣬һʿڵĴ˵ȴһС֡
Ҫǣһ̱ӴУƷѾ˼ھţİӶ˳ԮҲսСǴʳ棬ľ˾ŻȫûͶ뵽ս֮С
֮£˵ɱֶʱôˡ
ڵرأ˶ͷ˼⣬˭û˵
ĵĻǸ׵Ĵʳܶû⣬ӦþǺɺ˵սܶײ˵ʵ̫ǿˣһ˾赲˵Ĺռ˾Եƣ취ˣⳡսǿܺʤ
һԣǧƼžⳡսû˱ĸܸˣǧʿƵĸ֮ǽ۹󽫣ȫ赲סһһ
ڴ֮ǰǧδϾȻǿߣִݿ࣬ҵƣǧһӶ
Ǹʳˣɡ
һԱߴаͻȻڵ
ˣûѾͻʥ侳۷壬ﵽ΢ļڵʵǽġ
΢
֣˷׷˹嶼ŤͷԼʦ
һӾﵽܸߵľ磬˿ѷɫڰ˹֣Ǿ嶼û˵΢֡ʥ侳ϵľ磬Ҳ֪侳ֶѡ
ʦĻɣĩʱаҲǴ˵ĴڣľѾԽܶߵ
ʦ˼ǸײΪѾ˾ϸ΢뵽ıʣ۲쵽ԭ۲첻ĵز𣿡
ͻȻڵ
а˻ͷȵĿһۣ漴˵ͷ
һֻ֪ȴ֪Ҳڳǧ֣Ҳиߵ͵ȼ֮΢ͨߣ۹ڿ¶۲첻ﵽ΢ľ磬һоͽȻͬ΢߶Ĳٿˮƽͨġ⣬ﵽ΢𣬾ܴؼ伳ȡһЩͨߣԵ۹˵һӶӴǿ


1068 뼯
ˣ֥ȫа˵ϵϵǧĴУѾԼף̶ˡԾ֥ΪԼﵽ۷塣
ʥ侳۷ϣ׸ȥ֥֪ôȥεǿƿڸ֥һ㲻ͻơа˵ĻȴǰͻȻһŻһʥ۷֮ϵĸ߾磬չǰ
ǸײѾﵽּǸսʤ
ǧ̲ס
ǵǣҵĹ۲죬ǸײӦҲֻײ΢ȫ΢ôĳ»ȫͬôĽֺꡢƵҪڸӿ£
һԱߴ˴峤Ẓ́ͻȻڵ
Һķ֣аˣڹ˺ܾã΢Ӵ󣬶һ˿ռİأôܹյġǸײȻǿ󣬵Ȼߵķ֮ڡ
˹ظԭȱս۽˴峤а˱㷵˴УһȻѰǼصģǧ𶯵Ķһ棬ǻӡ֤һѧ̽صӶѰߵ硣
΢ѧӡ֤У򵽵ʥ۷֮ϣһ΢硣
ʦǰڶһؾ𣿡
ͻȻڵһ仰ʳ֪⡣
սǰʳ滹۹ûг֣־Եʱ΢ĿֲڣôһоͻȻͬƵʤҲࡣ˵һҪͬ
ʦǡǧ֮ǰԿײۼԪɷ籩赲סѾоʦѾſѧƧ辶ﵽһ߷壬ﵽһԭߵľ硣
ϣһ仰а˺˴峤жӹһ˿ͻȻ˲١
ûУ
аһ̾ڵ
ķֵ츳裬ʵƽʣǵﱻƣڿѾﵽؾϸ΢磡
˴峤һԵ
һţʱһʶԼʦа˵ȻһЦֻǻһοЦݣǳġ֪ʦΪܵޣû뵽ǸӰȻô˴峤˼ﱻƣ»ӰʦһӶ޷ﵽ΢ľ硣
ʦѵǧ޷Ǹ𣿡
Щʵ
һΪʦΪΣ嶼ϣΪʦһӵź
ʦ֪Ϊʦ˵һܹ飬ʦѾⱲӣʦ˵£СͽڣģΪʦѾˡ
а˵Цⷽ棬ȴѰÿ
һǧӣҲ׷ɱܶٴεʧ⣬Ҳܶٴεĵ⣬վͽܣᵽһеů
ԣѾûʲôź
ǿȻǧǶа˵ȴҲҲΨһ׷
Ǻǣɰٴ˴ķֵҲĵط֮һķֵ⣬֮ǰɽҲ۹ûʲô̫õİ취ǧ޷Ҳ󣬾ȻһﱻƵˣ´ﵽһߵľ硣
˴峤
֮ʮʮоţΨһŶáκζ޷ƾҲ޷ֲ覴áķֵĸȻҲһżѸߣҪﵽһ΢ľ磬´
˴峤ݴȺͣ΢ЦܿԴȴ޷룬ʵһ޴źȻ˴峤Դ˵ǿ൱
У˶һį΢֣˶Ϊа˺˴峤ﵽǲ㾳磬ֻû뵽ôһ㡣
ôλǰ룬ڴ˵һ¡ײҲһս֮ˡ
֥ͻȻڵսϡʮʳӻڳ⻢˵һ޴в
ֻ˵һ飬޺Ͷ˼˴ŴƵ˹صСɣû⣬Ҫ˶þͻִսʱϣǸӵĲ
ͻȻһޱȣԱߴ仰ڵ˷׷һǿ˹ȥֻߣһλὫ죬촽ɫηĿˡ
ڣ˻û˵ʲôǰڽȴ΢΢üͷϵף𲻻̫ߡôཫ죬ĸ˵ǿͿû˸һʴʡ
壬λСֵǣ
֥΢΢һЦͻȻڵ
λὫ³çǺ⡣ȻǰûмܹԮִ϶ˡ
պɽ
պɽֱŸ֥ηλĴ󶼻ǰպɽҲû˿ȴ˼
Ƣ
վڳԣҲЦⲻһκպɽ򽻵ˣպɽƢֳӲһμڻ
߶⣬Ըˡδܹʱִû
һԽ͵
պɽܴ޺Ͷ˼飬֪ˡպɽʣҲϱȱݣֻԱӦ
Ǻǣؽˡ˶ЩƢ˵ȷʵû޺Ͷ˼ʧ֮󣬵ڶûг֣˶ǽƻ֮˴ʳˣ˹˺ͻҲҪġ
һ˲䣬ڵ˶ǳĬһײ㹻ķˣټϴ޺Ͷ˼˵ľӣʵڲֹۡ
ܴʳ˺˹˻жٱһսѾ̫Ҫˣ
ʱͻȻڵ˲˴˵ע⡣
󾫶࣬Ȼʳ˺˹ʮľҲʮһľһǿľ̍ЩǴǿıһսǻûȫǳս֮⣬պɽǧܴƳ˹ѾӵǧܴƳ󡭡ıɣƶѾҲڶˣ
Ŀ磬ɨĿ㣬ޱȡ
̍ôĴƾɵľӣκһ۹Ԫ˧ʵֵ䱸ЩӶǻʮǧѡģҾ߱ǿսս
⣬ǧ޼᲻ݵĴƳɱ񣬷ɱ֧ӵķâԲڴʳ֮£ĳЩ滹й֮
ʳǿ󣡵ҲԲһսǽôʳ˼ʶʲô꣡ʲôĴ󺺣
͸¶һǿĸȾ


1069 ʳ˾޵ִ
ڣĵģÿһֶĻԭЩѹֺͳصգĸȾ£ʱҲ
̍ĵڶԮԮıֹɺ֮⣬ܶ˸һ֪֥Ӵ½ĺܶҲһ֪
ٽеǸ֥ǰδţҲ֪ʲôġ
Ϊƻĵߣûб׵ˡ
󾫶ࡱⲻһ仰Ҳһŷ
Ϊˣô࣬սϣϰʤࡣԱҪʿʲҪġ
ܹʮսô۹һʢ񻰣ͼǰδӴĵ۹ľʿǿս
壬ʲô뷨
֥ͻȻڵ
ڸ֥˵ⳡսеڣѾԤϣܶʯʱȫû뵽ġ岻ͬСս˽սİţεԮƻָơ
εԮܹﵽȫǶľʣⳡս֮ǰ׼ġ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦûзϡ
ʳԶûôǿȻһսĽҲ޷ȷһ㣬ܴʳҪʲôǶ˹⵽ǰδеش
˵仰üᶨޱȡ

˹ܿ˽ŵıսڣбннܹĵѵ̍ȫǲѷھŵĴڣսϣ֮Ҫϡ
Ԯʳ˲ҽĿ϶彫һ𣬽ŵѵѵûмκˣֽӹ˴ѵΪǿıʥѾܾûȫԸѵһ֧ˣһսޱȵӡ

ͬʱúҹʱ˹ѵʱԶʳ˵Ӫײ⣬˹֡ˡ˹еĴʳͳ˧ȫۼһá
ⳡսô
Χһžдʳĳ˹վԵһսѵ
Ӫﾲĵģ˶ϵһ˹ͼ˳Ĭ԰˹Ͱ˵ɫΪӡڽǰһ԰˹ֵ֮ԱǡԸͽĵ۹˺Ͱ˹ʹʲôսʳ۹еĶսУҲʹʲôıԻ͡ս
һﵽѹʱ򣬾νǻۺıԣǻۣҲıԡ
۹ܲöԸ±ɺҪǿö࣬ĿãĺţǾȻ˿ԺײᲢۣһһͷӡ
˹һ˼⣬
ֹˣǴ֧Ԯǳǿ󣬿²ȰھȫôǿսֻʮҲǰ㣬׵Ĵݻǡ
˳Ϊľ˾ŵͳ죬Լ۹صͳ˧˺ٹһսϸҲ̫־żսǶǵߺĶ֣ǵıɣѾǿðλľ˾ŵͳ˧޷ӵĵز
ϣƾռ˾Ե˵ĸǵľӺѷӳͬҲסǡû˸ߣǵķͻڶʱڣֻҪڳϻռǾͲ뿪ȨС
ǵ³ΪʳĸܶǵµһԼǳһϵĵ۹Ļ󣬳˴ʳ֮⣬ʲôܹԿ۹ֹˣǵһǿҵĸо˹ٵ֣ǽڴʳǿڣġڶ۹
ⳡսѾжˣ֧Ԯʵ֮ǰǻûа취̫ȫսڱõȴ˹غͻʵıȻ۹ûǴʳǿ󣬵ǶԴƵ˽⣬ܹ벻ָͰ
˹ֿڵ
սǰǰѾ˲еôʳ뾡취е׵ĴݻǣĻδģ¾Ҫɴʳˡ
˵˹˺ͻˣȻһûмֱȴǵչսĻײǱߣô𣿡
˹Ŀ˹ĵͼ뿪˶İ˹ֵ
ⳡҹĻ飬Ȼۼ˰˹ֺͰ˹ȶĴʳܶƫƫ©һײִǰʱû˸ȥײײսˣĳѾ䲻ˣӲվϼ죬ȴ˹غͻʵĵ˶ġ
ǵײŭ˶Ķ֡
˹һ䣬Ӫ˶˳ĬײĴڣеһ㣬Բ̧ͷȴ޷Ĵڡ
ײִⷢ㰬˹Ҳ޷ֹһǡǡӪٵ
¡
ĬʱͻȻ֮ҡһǿҵӴʳӵĺ󷽴Ӫеĵ۹󽫶סˣڴʳľӺ󷽣ʵ벻ʲôܹʱ֡
ѵǡ
ͻȻ֮䣬˹һԺһģͷ

ͬʱһʳĴŲҴңͻȻӪⴳ˽ûпӪڵˣϥأ
ܶˣ淢ִɵľӣԷϢ˵ǵѣ˹˺ͻ˵ľӡΪ׵ͳ˧ޡ
ʲô
仰˹ɫ𣬴ϲ
̫ˣ
˽ͣ˹ŲӪڴ˳ȥ󣬰˺Ͱ˹ܿ˳ȥ

ͬʱʮʳӵĺ󷽣̳ھʳ˾ӪԶĵطһ֧һխʯţŴʳ˵ķ򼲳۶ȥ
գ
춯裬һӰɫһƥߴʯţŴʳ˵Ӫضȥ
ǺǣĻ̫ʳ˺˻ûչս
ӣԶĻ飬ҹգͬǳĴʳӪأԼԶΡȻʵ˹ǣڵ
ʹԤƵһµĺӷãƵԮԤҡ
ӿһӺ󷽴һƥ˹صԣӺ
ȻսԼǸպɽСӣǴ޻ǳɹµӺھս赲˴ƵԮӳǵִʱ䣬ΪԼػȡ㹻ʱ䡣Ȼһ䣬ⳡս˹زδٵ
ˣ쿴ʳ˶ˣ
ͻȻһ΢ֵĸٴе
һ仰ʱ˵ע⣬ĿʱŤͷ˱ߣֻԭɭϣμĴʳͻȻһɧ˵ĿУǧĴʳˮ˷ֿһߴӰĴʳ佫Լķ
Ǻǣˣߣһȥ˹ְɣ
һ䣬һһȣȳŴʳڵķȥ
һ࣬˹Ҳ¶һ˿Цݡ



1070 ս
䣡
ʳ˹˵ıһʱ˫Ĵһ춯صĻ⾪ĻҹдԶͬʱҲ˹ϵؾ
޺Ͷ˼ǰˣ
˹߸ߵĳǽϣǧ岢·裬ԶƻԻ͵ĵطмѡ
ˮڣһսվ޷ģ
帺վһԣͬԶͳǧﲻͬ޺Ͷ˼ĵȻгأĿȴʼƽ
չҪսڣѾʲôܹиеˡ
ȥֹͣѵúϢ׼ľս
ͷҲأͻȻ
ǣ
һ𣬲ѸԶȥ
ɽ¥ⳡսеĶֶѾȫǳȻҹɫ֮лһƬȴ֪ⳡսڸ˵һпĿ顣

ףһҹܿȥ
±Դյ̫ʴ˹ԽԽ͡ʱ˿̣˹࣬ɵľ룬֧½ʷǿıңңԡ
֧Ķţҹһֱڡ
أ
֪˶ã䣬˶жһ߿ĺŽ¡¡һ󼱴ٵ˲䱻ƽĸ˺ɫĴӴʳ˵Ӫг֣Ѹǰƶ
ɫս£һӰΡȻɢϢɽʹһ㡣⼸ӰƶԭֹɽһĴʳ˲·˹ھĺŽУȣ˹ķӿȥ
¡
ͬʱоԶŨҵɱϢ˹޴ĳźȻ漴һıһɹɸ㣬ӳӿӿǰĸߡ
ʼˣ
ǰˣ塢֥ϡǧаˡ˴峤ս
һɽݶӻһº󣬴ʳʹվӭ˫֮޿ɱľս
Хս֮ǰԽ䣬ںвܿϵǰڳĸߺһսʿͦվǰսûпʼÿ˶ܸоõеĽϢ
棡˹֮սڶ׶εսʼ
⽫Ǵƺʹʳ֮һս۹ʤߣ
ڿʼʳÿһ㣬ʣ۳ʮ㣬սʧ򳹵Ĩɱ

ͬʱһԺΪֹ֮ʯ
Ժ֮ʯĸ߶˽ɫȴ
˸߶ĽԤʾⳡսκһսաϾ𣿡
е֮ȴû˿ĶҡȻս޷⣬ǾԼֽⳡս߳

ˣ
һӰѸٲǰԶͻȻڸ֮ǺǵӰͬʱޡءç֧ж˼˵Ŀ׷塣
ΪⳡսĹؼճսϣͺ˵ע˹ֺǵҲһ˹ȥ
˵ⳡսһ˶ɱĻһ塣ʳ˹Ӯⳡսռ
ǺǣսһزѾûκε·ھͿӦˣ
޿Զһ΢Ц
Ȼ˴ʱ䣬мֳһЩۣʮ˹غͻڻʵĿ꣬ɹƹ˸ߣʹʳ˳ʦ
壬һֻصԭ㣬ʮĴʮĴƱֻһǺگһȴˡһս㻹ϴһʤ࣬𣿡
ЩͷԺһţ΢΢һЦָܿ
׼ɣ
ǣ࣡
һܿӦȥ

սƮƮͬʱھ޲Զĵط˹֡˹ˡǵ£ʳ˵Ķͳ˧һá˵Ŀһ򣬾Ǹ˾޴ĺɫս£յģ˿ǵӰ
ô죿
ܶ˹ŤͷһԵİ˹֣
ײڶûг֡
ٵȵȰɣһսûıǸӮˡ
˹ֳ
ܿײƽƽǴʳܶʵϣײĵλԶˣⳡսѾװ˺Žǣûײĳ֣˭Ҳ׳
Ǽְ
üͷ
Ϊľ˾ŵͳ˧ûκһ˸ȴôãƫƫ˻˿ԹԡεǣЩ黹˵
ôܶˣڿʼ𣿡
һԱ˹һھȻǴĴʳ
⡭
޵Ļ˵ɫ΢΢Ρ
ˣײˣ
εʱһ󷽣һʳѸٲ
仰˶һŤͷ˹ȥҲ·оʲô˳˵Ŀ⣬ֻԶĴͻȻˮ˷ֿһȫŽɫеӰ˼̫˻
ٶȲǺܿ죬ÿһƺ֮˳ֵɲǣ˹֡˹ȶĴʳܶʱͬө֮°㣬ð޹⡣
ǵһӰսʱΪս֮Ľġ
Ǹսܶ𣿡
΢΢۾ԺһͷսûֳҲ֪ϸḶ́ǴڣյĴʳѾѼ㹻鱨ˡ
ԣ˾ð˹ֺͰ˹ȼɵĴ𣿡
޲ûмײǽĵһۣѾôĥӡˡ˹ز֣ѩɽоʿ֣ǳʥɮ֮⣬ûܸǿҵĳСҲһɲǣͻȻЩף԰˹ֺͰ˹Ϊʲôײ˼ɵˡ
һÿ£
ʱһӶߴ˼΢۾ƤԴ֮󣬶˼ʵ˲ٵĽ˺ʹԮһսϼһԹ֮⣬ûʲôܱײ
˼Щܲסϵâ
̫ˣʳô˿µǿߣ
һԣغͶç֧ҲǻԶǵɫӰ͸ȼɵɫ
Ȼײͺûпһȫڽ֮УɫĮĲǰ
׼𣿡
ڰ˹ֵߣײͣڵ仰ȻǶ԰˹ֵ˵ģײȴǰûһۡ
Ҳû˿
ǣ
ǵǰƳĬ
ˣʲôʱʼ
ǵһ䣬˹֡˹ˣͬ޺Ͷ˼˶׷ǰײ
Ȼϲϣⳡսײֵһָ̣ȨѾӰ˹תƵײ


1071 ķս
ϣ
˵ײشʱڤڤУ˶ͻȻһԽĽû˷ӦһɫĽƺƵͻȻ𡣺¡ֻһ춯صľ죬һ̣ǵɫľ콣׹ƽɽ㣬صĺڴϡ
ֻ꣬һ죬ѿײǰȻһѷ죬بսֱ쵽˴Ƶĸǽ¡ػζ̳ض·ײĽ²
ײ
ײ
ײ

ɲǼ䣬춯أս˻ײһ̣ײе֮ǿڡ
ʶײһ񾪹ĿʵеѾﵽԸӵĵز
һ߿ĺŽأײһǧãã纣ĴʳųУ¡¡ŴƵӿȥ

үʳ˿ʼˣ
һɫӿĴʳѦǧͻȻڵɫһƬء
ϣ
һܼĸڶ˵ĿУս⻷Ӵʳ˽±ѸٽһƬܼĹ⻷ɭ֡ʮĴʳһ棬ǹǵأɽ
պɽ׼𣿡
ֻǿһ۶棬ܿջĿ⣬һԵպɽ
š
պɽһӣźһƣͻȻ䣬һĻǧܳſһѸţ׼˶棬ļ˸󺮹⡣
Ƴһʿĵ˵ͷȻʿ˿֮·ϵɽ˹ɣǾպɽѵЩʿѾһЩͺѪζ
պɽصϴȥɽ˵ӡǣ嶼ѡ
ʱգȻϱûдɵĿ꣬Ϊĵ۹󽫡
ƳһպɽаպɽսϬҾǿƷһ㣬Ƶĵ۹Уܹ⣬ҲΨպɽܽɽĽɫѵһսʿ
Խ



ͷҲأֽг˼˵֡
ˣʱ
һĵƾʦ׼ͳԷ糾Ʒ󱳣ϵһ֮߳ۡĹâ£֮۵һѪۣĿġ
󣬰ǧؼ׵ҲɧŶǵأãã纣ƾ˵Ĵʳӣвû˿η壬͸ս⡣
ǧգһʱӿ굽ڣԷ糾ķѵǣ֧Ѿоǿ
ʦеĽѾ޷Ǳˡ
ڵѾȥսʤκεĶ֡
ˣ˼ʱ
Է糾Ļ䲻ãԶĵطһ֧ӺͰǧڣμڶǰһĿ䡢ǵ׼Ӧ׵ؿϣ߿ǳ
̰ս˼
λ󽫸溲µĺ˿ͦǰĴʳ͸ս⡣
ǰ͸溲֮ʲôĶԹһ̣սǰƬңԶ˹һ̶ѾҪ
˶ֻһݡˣ
˶ֻһҪĿ꣬ƣֻһҪսʤĿ꣬ʳ
壬ʱ
̍η

һһһߺ׺һ֧һ֧սĶ棬ӣĿбŷǿҵս⡣һ֧֧սڷߺ󷽣ϱϢ
׳˶Ĵﰺ״һϢǿɭϵǧھŵսʿ
ھŵĺ󷽣ǽһİӵսʿЩ˳߾٣ڷߵ󷽣һǽ
սûʼһϢȴɱޱȣ˿ѷڶĴʳ

Хս˻ɱ춯أʮĴʳƺƵѩһ㣬Ծ˵ٶȳ
塢֥ϡǧаˡ˴峤дһĽȫۼڵһߺɫصĿŶ档½趯սżһ˻ʮһĴƱĵģû˿ͶĴʳγԱȡ
ǧɣ
ǧɣ
ǧɣ

¡¡ͬɸһ㶶ãã纣ĴʳٴչֳǾ˵սɵľһζֻգ֮䣬ʳǵأƵķ߾Ѿɵľ롣
ɱ
ɱ춯أֻƬ֮󣬳ǧĴʳ֮٣ײڴƵĵһϡ䣬ײɲǣֻһײľ죬ǺҪ˵ĶĤҪ˺ơ
ϣ
ս˻ʿ˲䱻ǿҵײ߸ʮ֮ߡ
ţ
ͬʱһĻպɽƻ£ǧͬʱ䣬飬ֻһľ׮°һɲǼ䣬飬ƵĴʳ׷׵¡
ֻһ䣬ĲҽУպɽǧܳĴʳһǰսսײʬʬֻһգ۵ʱ䣬Ϻˣ˴һĴʳʬ塣
ʬΧ˴ƬĿյء
һĻǿĴʳ˵УҲ̲סľɫս£ޡ˼ҲǲƤ˼¡˵ĳ󣬼㵽Ϊֹޣɵɱ¾
۵Ĵʳˣڷ󳵹ǰҲͬ磬ֽƬ
ţ
պɽɫûЩµʬ塣ͦͬһ˴ǹĿʼŶãã纣Ĵʳӡ
һպɽûǰѡʳ˳ܼͬʱҲڳ״ɱʱ
䣡
ХһĺǧͬϳĲкۣ˲˶Ĵʳ飬Ӱٴͬľ׮㵹¡Ȼһɱ˵ûһ࣬ȻһǧĴʳ
Ѿǧʳ
ײͰ˹ı侫ϴŲضҷˣ䴩ףʳ˵˿»ڻҪ࣡
ţ
ͬʱ±ָһǧܴƳͬʱļʸХ飬ԽԽĴʳ˵ڵһ֮ǰ
Զɫս£ˡ˹Ƥһﲻû˿˵˼
ɱ
̶ʱڣڴƵĸǰЩ˲ûжԴʳκεӰ졣
ǵıҲɳȥɣ
ԶԶأվڰ˺Ͱ˹Աߣйâһͬ´˳
սƲһ׶ԸĶ֣˶ⳡսжġսˣһ׵£Բ
ɱ
ŵڶ춯صĺɱʮ˹غͻʵıͻɽһγ䵶ڴʳӺ󷽳ɱһɲǣƾ죬սĺɱҲԽĸ߿


1072 պɽս
䣡
ãã纣Ĵʳϯû˿ͣ½Ųļ󡣶ڴĺɱУһ¡¡ľעĿ
쿴
һͻȻӴдȸվһ˱ϣָǰĳƤһľݡ
Щɫս
˳ȸĿ⣬ڴʳľУֻһɫԶԶȥһ޴ɫеǰųһţӴʳķ򻺻ŴƵķ
ʳǿĹеѾ൱ϤײӱսԸƸߵġǿķԼ˼ĹκΪ֮ݡ
Ǹıսˣ
ȺУƲ쿴ԶͻȻڵɫޱȡ
һʱײɳɫ޻ֻмټܣսУʳȫƶЩɫޣٶƵƵķǰȡȫսپսԡ
һȴȫͬʳЩɫ޵ٶȽ˼㣬ǧɫһſһַĸǽǽ棬ӿ糱ˮǳǧĴʳ
ɫսеڻ棬ǵĳͻǵķ޷Ч˺
һͻȻ˶֪սĵţ͸һؽǡ
䣡
һ˲ػһɫϣһĺ쳹ս۶ˣû͸Щɫ޵ķպɽһĻƤ΢΢һ£˸ƣܿⲨ̽
ǵķǿ󣬲ᡣתĿ꣬Ĵʳ
պɽɫû˿ĲҲ󳵲Ӵ˸ơܿ죬ǧܳƶתأһȥ
ʳɫȻһǧܣսӣΧ󣬵ǻûдﵽڻдĵز
ţ
󳵲ӵתƣպɽ󳵲ٴοʼۣһܼѪУһһʳﱻ˴䴩ǵʬڵϻԶ̳
ضܾŻûеִ𣿡
߸Ʈĵɫս£ײɫ侲û˿
ˣضܾѾʱӦѾִս
һײһȫսףֻһ˫۾ĺͻȻڵ
ضܾţײΨһķšײһ޾ֹսٷκ鶼ǾԵģضܾžײرֵԷضܾš
֧ӵֻ࣬һˣеĵضսʿ˼ϸѵÿһ˶˼ϿĴ򰾣Լϰٳļս֧š
ڹȥսֵĶ֣ƽľĿֲڡ
ײ֧ŵĻҪǣܹԼһٴν
䣬ײ䣬Զս˱仯˵ĿУʳһɧ׷״ƽһӴ糱ˮӿ
һ̣һһ޴Ķƣ˸󺮹⣬ͻȻ˵ĿС
Щÿһ涼߰˳֮ߣէһȥֻƲӰսʿȫڸ

޴ĺУһʳĵضսʿǽŵһߵķѸƽ
䣬ЩʿĲϵسǰӿʿ̤ĲͬĽȫƽ纣һ㼫𺳡
һĻǵһպɽƤҲ͵һ£ֻһɲͻָ
ţ
û˿ԥպɽֱһӣǼ䣬ǧ˲˶ĵضսʿ
䣡䣡䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬һ֣˵ע⣬󲿶Ӱʳĵضܾӣ˵ȫ
ʱһ̷·ֹֻ߰˳߸ߣߵضܣͻȻһضƺ⵽һɿֲ͵һ飬ͬʱѿϸСƣǼ䣬ܺĵضսʿɫ԰׵˼㡣ҲĿսںĿùЩƳʣʶǿ
Ȼܿ죬ضֲֿľѸʧֲܱľֱ۷飬ضսʿƾǿʵεصһ
ɲǼ䣬󷽵ĵضսʿһ
ͬϵڸطһҵĶսУһضսʿȻһƳĹȫֵ
䣡
һ춯صĻ𣬾ڵضսʿɹֵסҹͬʱ󷽳ǧĴʳȫ˷ܵػսϵĵضսʿҪ˷ܡ
ʳսΪʹеʿηⲢǾͲȥǧƵĴƳ󣬾Щʳʡ
ˣ
һĻֻպɽ嶼΢΢ɫѾʶָضܱţܹӲƾһضܺ赲Ĺ⻹һμ֧ʳĶܱʵ֮ǿƽ

û˿ԥպɽѸٸıԣ
ֹͣÿܳΪһ飬ضܵ϶ˡ
һպɽǧ󲿶ӵƿѾﵽʹָĵزǧܳպɽѸתܳΪһ飬ЩѸٸı䷽򣬽Ŀǧ˻еһǧˡ
ţ
պɽɫ䣬ػ¡䣬һܼڶ˵ĿУͬͬķֻһɲǣɵĿռ䣬Զһܡ
߳߶ߵضܺ棬һضսʿһܵʷǿĹ޴ĶƷ·Ҫһ㣬һĺֲֿ͸ƣֱͨԼڡۣһضսʿͬʱһڿѪ

̶̵ֻʱ䣬һضսʿܲסֲֿĹ߷ݰ㣬߸߷˳ȥһЩսʿƾǿпⲨĹ£ɱõȥڵһĹۡ
ţ
պɽĿ棬ʼεĶŶ档һĻպɽҲ룬һֲĹٵЩضսʿϡ
ûκ˿ƾѪֵ֮סЩƳĹպɽ˵ܶԷжôǿֻҪˣеضսʿڳǰֻ·һ

ڶ併٣һضսʿڳ䣬һǧܹ㹥Ĵ֮˲ķѣһƬЮž޴ʮ֮ߣضܺսʿǱ߸۵һ䴩ʬھ޴£ɳʮԶ
ŷŷţ
պɽĿʼζŶ棬ĵضܲӳ¶һ϶ʱû˿ԥպɽץסһᣬһ͸϶˺󷽵Ĵʳ֮СɲǼ䣬Ѫɽһʿ벻׷ױ䴩壬˵ڵء
ٷţ
պɽкһٴָӲӷںⲦضսʿĽУѾȫ
һԣŰڣһֱע¼ķչֱʱĵ˵ͷ


1073 
󳵲ӽȻǶԵġպɽԹϴƳңǳ±򣬿¶޷󳵲ӵӵ¡
аЩܳĴ󽫣㻹Ǻĩ֮УҲܱҫ۵ĹâպɽȻˡܶжôǿѰսսһٻ֡
ʳ˵ĵضܲӣõӡ
ѾûʱȥЩˣԶһǧɫһſɵĸ֮ǽڳŴƵķǰѾʮɡһЩɫ޿еĸȫ޷ֵ
׼
кһͻȻͷҲص
䣬ɲǼһ춯صҺ󷽣ǧɣͻȻǰ̤һֻһһӴնŤˡ
ռžǧɫ£ϵϢ絶ƽޱȡ
¤һ溲һγڴ˹սǧһɫڣĿᶨȫļ˼㡣
¡صĺһǧɫսеѸƽ˵һ߲ʮɵľ롣
ϣ
һ£̰ս˼ȰγӵһߺǧֳֳᶨѸٸȥ
ɱ
ɱ춯أǧӳǽ̤˷һʳɫ糱ˮӿ£⽣Ӱ˸ЩɱĴʳȫǾ񣬲ֹһʵǿ󣬶ڳɱĹУ˴֮ҲĬɱʱϡ
䣡䣡䣡
飬ãã纣Ĵʳǧ󲽣ɫû˿η塣ϣֻһԽĽɲǣǧγĽͽ»Ĺ⻷ӳֻһǧʳ˴롣
Щʳ˵ʬûеսʿѾżᶨĲһ޿赲Ƴ˴ʳӪ֮С
ϣ
ɱǣ
ǵĿɫޣҪǿ

ɱڶܼĵڱգѾֲˣ˴˵ĵԷ塣УѪִ̱ǵζѸŨҵ˼㡣
Ȼܶٴʳﶼ޷ֹĲϣһӣʳʱ˴룬Ǿ޴ǵʬա
ÿһǾǧѡʮ갾ɵǿսʿ¤赲ס˹ĳ棬Ҳڼ䲻սתս֣˱İˡ
ٶȡݣЩսʿѾȫԽνľ񷶳룬ЩʳıǰҲԵôĲǵĹеʽļһжԽʡʱĴɱ¾ΪĿꡣ
䣡
ǧ֮Ĵʳ׷߽⣬ĽŲȴʼûб仯ֻɲǣǾѾѸٽӽһǧɫԱߡ
˵ľˣǵıҲˣ
ԶԶģĸ˾޴ĺɫս£ܶ˹ԶսҵĵطĿͻȻһ˿Ĺâ
֧ӵս˿ڰھ֮£ƾͨľǵסǵģöͷ׼ϰɣ
ͷţֳ޺֮ŭǿܶ˹ǿ֮һڻɺսУ˺͡
ͷţ־Եо޴ĺɫ޽ǵʿ̣ϲķʽնԷͷ­Ϊַʽ޺֮񣨾׼
ͷÿս´ͷ­зЩǿʿ
һһΣͷҲ˳Ǳַûж֪ˣں˹֧ӸΪͷţо
Ѫ޾Űɣ
һײսʤߡϣǰҲͻȻڵɫƽû˿
ײߵĽ컹ûлش𣬰˹֣˺Ͱ˹ȴ̲סƤ΢΢һ¡
Ѫ޾ţײǿľ֮һǱȺȷǿöĴڡ
ÿսײúȷͷԽĶ֣ɳѪ޾š
֧ԱŰʵǿɱÿϳҰһͣ׵ķ֣
ڱսײ֧żң֡в˹ǿĴڡ
ǣˣ
һ˶δڶѸԶȥ
ǵ£ȥѪ׼ɣ
˹ͻȻͷһԵǵµ
Ǵˣ
ǵ»˻֣ܿ콫ȥ
䣬ĺһ֧ų׵ľӣѸٳսᵽĸ˺ɫսĺ󷽡Щʿɫ£ϵϢһƬһֺɽþҵĸо
ЩʿͦôվһΧ˶һ
£ЩѪŵΧӰֳһ飬·Ĵʳ䵶
ȻǹӰÿһЩ䵶ӰˣһִƺЩ䵶ÿһһɽ
Ѫţ
˹ǿı֮һս˿ڰھţȫڲ֮䡣
ǵս־ãսɼ߳ЧĻһ㡣ھţ൱ЩѪ¡
˹ʵĳǽѪչΣ൱Ѫսʿ޷ϳͷⳡսǽȻͬĽ
ѪóҰսȴóǷս

һӴʳ˷ӹսӿ˹֮ǵķ˭Ҳûע⵽ⳡսѾڲ֪ķı䡣

ϣ
սǰߣǧƷִһǧ̨ɫԣɱʱ
ͻȻ֮䣬ңԶһ࣬Ⱥɧв֪ս˻û˷Ӧһ̣һ֧ǿľӣӴʳ˵ľԾѸٵĳɱȥ
ЩʿĴʳȻͬϹźصףÿһ׸棬ֻһεļխ϶
ΪĻһĳ߶೤ؽؽ̿ȥֲ
ɱ
һؼʿ˫Ŀŭ˫ֳֽ͵شԾ£ֻһһĽۡǾ޴һʿ絽ҿ磬ͬڣ˲ûʬ嵹£Ǳ޽һУһͷ­̸߸߷
һһؼʿ˫սսϷԾ£Ͼ޴ؽϵ£ʱ䣬һһͷ­Ϸ
Сģ
һ󾪺쳹սһʿֿЩʵǿؼʿǰ޷ֵ˲ɽ
ֲܣѸݱɴΧĻңʿЩߴ󣬽˶ޱȵؼʿ¡
̶ʱڣʬۻɽ


1074 
ˣǴʳ˵Ķţ
Ӱ͵ŤͷԵ˻ûǿӰһ۾ͱ֧ͻȻľţͨľ񡣶ǲھǿڣƾͨʿֵܵ
Է糾
ڰϣкһͷҲص
ǣˣ
Է糾ŤͷݺݶһۣĴʳؼ׾ţһӣʱԾ

ֻգۼ䣬ǧʧ
Է糾ʧ󲻾ãһްͻȻӴʳ˵ĺ󷽴
һǧɫ޵ĺ󷽣ԭܼ꣬Ӹ򣬷ǧĴʳͺ˺ˮһ㣬׷׳ȥ
ᣬСĽ䱸
ͬһʱ䣬̰ս˼͵һ·ܵʲô͵̧ͷ˳Ŵʳɧҵķ˼һɹɵѪӿȣԼٶȳԼڵķʲô˼ȴѪ֮УܵһǰδеĿֲɱ
ϣ
һԽĵ쳹աʯ䣬û˼̽һӰһ㣬ͻȻԶĴʳӴзԾսлһ޴ĻΣ֮ƣȻ˼˹
ϣ
һ緢˿˼ʼע⵽ʱ˻ھʮɵĿУһ̣Ѿ˵һ䵽˼ǰһĵУխֽƬ˼ѸٷŴ͵
䣡
ʯ룬˼е̰Ǿ޽Ȼһᣬڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣסֲһ
޴Ĵʳ䵶̰ؽײһȻǿ籩һ㣬Ѹٵϯܡ
飬˼ֻһǿõɳʮԶ
һɲǣ˼͵һ̤£һֱ̤˵棬̤ʯεĶ
û˿ԥ˼͵̧ͷԶֻһӥĿɭǡĴʳ죬ŰɫսףѪԼԭվĵط
˼ֹסȥƣһ𣬵Ǻܿ¶Цݡ
ײ˵𣬺ɱǣ
նЦһг͵ָǰ
¡¡ͬŰɫ׵ĴʳѸٵĴԾϵϢײбŰһͷͷͬһ㣬ǧ˹ȥ
ߣԭǴʳĶӣ
һ̰࣬ս˼񿴵һĻЦһ׹ȻʳǱҲɳԼ⣬ǿĲӡΪ¤һպյı⣬Ĳӣû¹κˡ
ɣҵҪʳ˵ж
˼кһ˲е̰ؽбһս⡣
սϣˣҲûκܹʹ֧ǧ֮ʦˣ֧Ѫ޾ţҲһܡ
ˣϣ
˼еĳһӣûȶѪ޾ŷȻֻǧ˵ŶԶöѪŷȥ飬һ̤˼ڵһѪ޾ŵն˹ȥ
飬һҫ۵Ĺ⻷ʵʣţţĽŲ⻷ֳ߿ǳ
˼ı󣬺𣬹ӰȻֳһͷɽľ޴̰ǣ
ɱ
˼ǧû˿ԥ˿η壬Ѹٵĵǧܼ֣̤Ĳǧĳһ־˵ٶȣѸٳް㣬ԸӴѪ޾ųȥ
ߣ
Ѫ޾ŵųնЦһӹһĨɫϣ͵е䵶նһӰһ㣬Ѹٳ̰ս˼˹ȥ
Ѫ޾ײ£սľ֮ڱսնûκεĶ֡ЩˣҲһֵסѪ޾ŵĲӡ
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ն˼ʯһ㣬ѸٵײһײĵطΪģһȦɳЮ񱩵Ѹٳ˷ŷ
ͬʱ䣬⽣ӰУһ䵶ײһ𣬱һܼĽ
䣡
ըһսʿɫĮһĸߴѪ޾սʿײһ˵ǿ˼㣬Ҳ͵˼㡣
ֻһ죬ƥķ俪ǲսʿѪ޾ŵսʿ˫˿ûϰ벽
ٶȣݣǧսɡչֳԶԶľʿеڣ˫Խϳ¡
Ѫ޾ϵףе䵶ȻײԼݣۺ˴ʳѼȫǧľƷߣͬǸ溲Լ󽫵ݣʥ󣬵Դ
ʿװȫɵ۹ĹɡЩ͡ܣǾǧβпᡢҵսҲ˿
䣬ֻգ֮䣬ǧѪ޾ŵսʿһ
սʿÿһУÿһʽ˼㣬ԸɾնɱΪĿģҼѷ
Ѫ޾ŵʿȻѷһЩȴͬɱ¾Ҫǣǵࡣ

ϣһֱֱŶ棬еĹעѪ޾֮սʵֻڲ֮䣬Ѫ޾ŵʤһƾһ֧޷ͻƶԷķģҪսʤЩѪ޾ţɳһ֧ǿ
ǣ
һĺ󴫳ĺ󷽣ǧսʿͻȻ֮ǰ̤ȥ
ǳɲǣһɿֲģ糱ˮɱ¾Ϣϱ
ˣ
ͬʱ𶯣һɾĽ罭Ѹٴǧϱͬƥһ㣬ᴩգһɲǼ䣬ſգն·һΪ⾪˵һĻ˵ǶĴʳţĴʿоһǿҵ𺳡
ǧϱǧëϷСȵ˶׷ȥ
еԮУһֱһ֧ľӡǲЦ˵ϵϢҪһʳһ֧ʱ׼ɱ¾
˷ѽǣȻûκ֪֧ڴƵľ伮Ҳûй֧ļء
䣬һߺеսʿ׷óһͨ
ûᣡɱǣ
һĻĴʳ׷״ϲѾڵһǰãʼղŶ룬ЩͻȻԼ˿óһȱڣǧѷĻᡣ
ϣս˻ǧĴʳһϲһ·ͻբһ㣬Ÿߵȱڣɱ˹ȥ
ãã纣Ĵʳǧû˿仯ֻǽ²Ȼӿ˲١һųһǿ󡢲赲ƣǰ


1075 ֮սһ
䣡
һֻ̣һ춯صľ죬ɲǼ˵ĿУǧһѾ޽ݺݵز˹ȥ
䣬ûпγУͼһһŵĴʳܲһ׷׵ȥ
ʬǧٿףСЩʿûпһۣϲѸٵѪ޾ŵķȥ
飬Ǿ˲䣬һԭ񲻶ĴʳͻȻѳ飬ίڵء
ǰ󲻹һգ۵ʱ䣬߰ǧʳΪࡣ
ǧһԲ˾㤵ĿУѸǰƽڼҵɱУǵٶȲû˿ԽԽ졣
ĸ֣ҲжٵĴʳ赲ǰնֽƬһ㣬׷׵ǽ¡
ʲô֣
һĻԶɫսµİ˹ǵºͰ˶׷ױɫˡʮĴʳȻ˵˶Ѫ޾šͷһĴڣǱϾͨľ
սУǶҲ׽նɱһ㣬Ѫ޾źͶͷŶǶ֧ȻĴƾӣչֳսȴκΪ֮Ȼʧɫ
սսǿĴʳǰȻ񿳹вһ㣬׾ٵľͱնɱˡ
͹ˣҪ֮ǰжϡĵ۹±֮ǰ˵ĻҪǿĶ࣡
˵
ĸ˺ɫս£ģʱѾûκٸҰĹȣĳصСˣʣ֧˹ľֵȫԸĴڡǿʳҲ޷֮
ԽԽȤɺСݻĹȲŸӵгɾ͸аҸоѾЩȲˣ
˵󣬰촽¶һ˿ЦĿһתԶһ飬Ȼ
ڶ⼸֧Ѿôǿˣ治֪˹ֿеǿʲôز
ԶǰսϣǧڶѪ޾ŵսѾҵʱϣһش߰ʮİɫ䵶ݺݵӹһ˲ƺѣһ̣䣬ĽһؽնͰɫ䵶صײһ𣬷һ춯صľ죡
ֳֳսʿȻǽһǶѪ޾սʿϵͬĴ죬˫һɫû˿ı飬һĿһЩʵʤսɸӵӵʤһվ޷⡣
ΧѪ޾ŵʿԽԽ࣬ÿһսʿͬһʱ䣬ʼѪ޾ŵʿĽȻʼ侲û˿ĻҺȴѾơ
ײѪ޾ŵʿ溲һֵ
ˣ
ۿһʿеıؽ赽˼㣬ͻΧ֮Уڴʱͻ𣬾߰ʮصİɫ䵶ֱ򣬿һʿʱۣѪէ֣һбɲֻһʹ׵ķ϶룬һͽһѪ޾ŵսʿǰݴ
ۣͬʱڶҲбָ˲򥣬ݴһѪ޾ŵʿĲɶɴ䣬û˿ĻɣһжնɱԷΪĿġͣ͵ĺһУһѪ޾սʿͷ­߸߷ͷʬҡ£һյѪȻţ˵ϡ
սʿسʬϿ˿ĳŵڶѪսʿȥǧսʿȫװһĮᶨķʽЩãã纣Ѫ޾ŵʿ
͸溲ͬЩսʿÿһɫ԰ףûʲôѪɫɱҪǿöࡣۣһݳ˳Ѫ޾ŵʿȴȫֵסĿЩԼ壬Ȼصĵ¡
һĸսʿͦǵʽθӣǳٶȴ쵽¡Ѫ޾ŵսʿѾ赲ȴ֮壬ǧֻٶϵϸ΢࣬µȴرĽ
κһ֧֣ʵﵽѪ޾šּκһ߶ʵı仯䣬ɲǼ䣬ɽǧͶսս˲䷢˾޴תѪ޾ŵʵȻȫֵסǧǧϣƶʱöԴʳ˼䲻
ǵ£Ѫţ
Զɫս£˹йâһ£ͻȻڵ
仰ǵµ΢΢һ˿㵣
ǴˣѪ޾ŲŸոͶսûȫˣھͳǲǡ
˵ǵʶһսʤߡϵײ
Ѫ޾űϾײµı֮һʱײͬ⣬ɳѪŵĻǶһսð
սŸոտʼǰ˹ֻǰˡ˹˱Ȼʲôû˵ʵڼλʳսͻ
ײѾͬˣ
˹ֵ

ǵһ㵣һֱվڰ˹ֵԱߣײҲֻɵľ룬ǵµӡУûпײ˵κλ
ʵӰ˹ĶͷϳһײѾͬˣһʼѾſȨޣ㲻ؿЩ
˹ֵ
ǵƳһ۰˹ֿ֣˿ʳսײ漴·ʲô
۹ܶһЩ΢Ĭûκεԣֻһ񣬻ɨӣʱֻǸоѾܹ׶Է˼ɺʱ򣬰˹֡˹Ͱ֮йĬڿͬٴηˡ
ֻǶǵ˵֮ܶ΢ĬȻ⡣
Ѫţ
ǵ»֣Ѹ´˽
¡𶯣һѪŵʿŲѸٸϸսǰߡ

ս˲Ϣ䣬ĳֳ׸ı֮սһ࣬Ƶ򣬰˹µĶͷź֮սҲ뵽˰Ȼĵز
䣡
ĺһһ󲻾ڶǧսʿͽӽǧĶͷżսһأһεؽϵػգһĨĨĽۣЩֳϵնͷ­֫ҪͷŵĹɴࡢ࣬ȴвڹȥսУֵͷ­һΣ˷ǿĴڡ


1076 ֮ս
䣬ͷŵؽϱ£һܹնϣҲһɽͰ㣬˿޷κζ֡ǧʿһ˫žڴһΪһ壬ôһɲͷŸоԼĲѪ֮Ǹɽ͡
ֻóҲͰˣƫƫǵĹҲѸͣÿһƴ·𲻰˺ݡֳصĹڶͷŵʿ˵Ҳӵмв
ɱЩĵң
һؼ죬Է糾վڴǰͦΣδ䣬˫͵סеȸ־޽֮ۡһ¡ͺһӹգɲǼ䣬һʮɳڽХ͵նĶͷʿС

ıըУֻһĲҽСԭܵĶͷţ˲䱻Է糾һ˺һ޴Ѻۣһͷŵʿ߷ݰ㱻ա
ָķһͷŵʿҽжԷ糾µĽ飬ըѪ׷ɡ
ɱ
һᣬʿ˳ȱڷӵ롣
񹦣
嵱Է糾Ĺ
Զޣ߾ףǿ󣬶ҹͬˡǧֽ񹦣Ҳͬ߱ɫԢڹԢأؼ汸
¡
Է糾ҪƶͷŷʱͻȻһıըʮĵط
ɲǼ䣬ƺƣɳʯһҽУֻʮʿһɿֲ˺俪׷ɳʮԶ廹ûأѪѸ
ˣһĻԷ糾ɫһ䣬Ťͷ˱ըķֻһڣ·һĴʳ׼˫һ򣬴ǧء
أһʿŵȥ˽ֻһƣͽϺصš黨ľҲ˳׳ʿڣѪҺķʽը⡣
ʿ߶ûкһ൹ڵϡ

Է糾ɫһ䣬Ȼ֮תͷͷŵͳ˧ȥﬣһȦĹ⻷ʵʣԷ糾±ǹ⻷ıԵȵҪͣͷŵսʿͬʱԾ𣬴ӸԷ糾ȥǻûпڿб⻷Уֻ꣬һĴ죬˲䱻Է糾ֲĹ⻷ػȫ飬ʬ·𱻵йһΪ˳ȥ
֮ҵҪжͣ
Է糾ɫݹǣ͸ɱɷ򣬵Ч¸֮ͶЧնɱĵҡһδǧԶ˹˵Է糾һϣ롣
˻ĺգûκεĵҿлûκ˿նɱƵսʿ
ˣ
Է糾Զʳͷͳ˧۾һУ˫ȸص֮ۡ󲽳˹ȥ
ߣͽ
ͬһʱ䣬Զķ촽ҲԶԶжһĨѪĹâ
ķǲμӹɺս֮սģΪͷŵͳ˧ķѾǵԼնɱٵжˡһһͽ佫ϵԼǰչԼ緢һ棬գȫԼԴʬ屻Լݺݵ̤ڽ¡
һնͷ­㵽жٵ͡
ķЦ
ӿһɹɵѪڿķĴƮ裬ԶԶȥֻķʬɽѪȫǴ˵ʬ塣ӻƵڣķѾǲԼɱ˶ˡ
ɱ϶ˣķһֿǾɱˡ
ϣ
һʬϰγķݲȣԶԷ糾ȥͬʱԷ糾˫Ŵۣ֮ͬſķΧͷŵսʿһһĵ£˶ˣֻҪԷ糾Χȫͬܲһ㵹ȥ
ѪڵԷ糾֮ͬͷսʿʬ塣Щμӹɺ֮ս˪֮սݻٹȵǿսʿԷ糾ָǿĴǰҲֻһС
飬һͷŵʿţ绢һԷ糾һ̣飬һɰľɽһݺݵײϣǹɰ͸Ŀף;֮СսɱʿĶͷսʿһ˲
ʬ׹أͱһصĻУʬԽʮɵľ룬ڿлһߣȻصײڿķǰҳһ󶴣ѪĽ
쵰
ķƤ鴤˲͸һɷŭɫʣͽַʽս
ҳȫ㣡
ķһ䣬ȻӿŲԷ糾ȥĽŲףԽԽܼҲԽԽ죬˲ϢµӰ

ֻһҰްŭ𣬿ķȻͬӥһ㣬޾ĿУԷ糾ȥ
ĵ֮
Է糾ȫһը˫ֳֵͬԼٶȱ۶ȥ䣬һУֻԷ糾ͬſķȥ
¡¡
ཻһһɲ·ض˺ˣĵŷ˽ֵľѹսϳǧײըˣͶͷʿֽƬ׷ɳȥ
֮ŭ
һȣԷ糾ڿһ䣬ͻȻ֮仯ΪһϸС㣬ڰ˸ãѼٶȣ˷ķÿһ·ɽ嶼Ӷնϡ
һ࣬ķеľؽͬ磬˲Ϣ仯Ϊһ籩㣬˷նȥ˽µս⻷ҲϵĽһһһէš䣬һҵĸײ쳹ս
˫ͳ˧֮սϣǧͶͷսʿҲݺݼҵɱһϣĵ⽣ӰڴϿҫ֯һƬ
ϣһսʿֲһͷսʿһʽĿյ£ͬʱʿһ͸ͷʿ׷϶֮С˽ֻвһ£ͺ˵һŶԷȥ
飬Ͷͷŵʿսеؽ֪˶ٴΣؽĽϲһȱڣʼ벽ûˡ
ǶŵĽҲǶ־֮ĽͷŲˣΪƵĶͬˡ
ɱսĽУͶͷ֮ܿ˴ۣһѪϴ飬һͷʿ͵˵ڵϣѪģͬʱһսʿͬص¡
սУѪԶõϣģսʿ۾ͨ
Ŵʿĳ֣սԽԽңֻеһУֻǿʼ


1077 ֮ս
ɱ
һսһǧɫ޵ĺ󷽣Ȼһʳ˵ĿУһ֧ؿѪɫǵţԾ˵ٶս
ˣǰ˹ֵѪţ
û֧ſ֥ԣǧһƥߴսϣͫһٴС
Ѫǰ˹ľ֮һڶֲ࣬㣬µֵס
һ䣬ǧ͵Ťͷ˸֥
Ѫźھſ˵һԩңжһ֣ƺţܸ֥Ͱ˹Զ֮䶼Ʊһս룬վֻһ˲ΪƬصİ
µսھѾ൱ʿѪŵĵ£ѪͬҲ൱ʿھŵĽ£˫֮Ѫ
׼ھų
ֱ֥һӣͻȻ´
Ѫźھţⳡսܳã֮䶼ƱҪֳһʤ
֥ԺһͷĿѸԽǧĴʳԶǸ˾޴ĺɫս£İ˹֡ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ˸ӦĿ磬Խؿռ䣬͸֥Ŀнһ
һɲǣռžλսķߣ϶һս⡣
ϣ
Ҳڴʱһ˷쳹ʯ䣬һߺ󣬲֪ھŵսʿϵĳ׷˶漱ٽӽѪš
¡ڣֻһҵɧǧƵѪսʿֿȺһǧɫս޺󷽣Ѹٵİγɱȥ
ɱɵǣ
һŭǧھŵսʿճѸٵĴ̤Ѫŵսʿȥɱֻһҵ˻Ѹٵսһ
¡
֧صײһһضɽҡ綼·ֹ
֥˹λĵ۹ɫأͬʱ֧սһľš
󷽣塢ǧϣжİ˹ԼޡصˣͬĿȫеսңۼսʿĵط
⽣ӰУһھսʿʹʳѪսʿҵɱһ𣬲һΣǴʳǴһ࣬˭ûɳӣ˶ڵȴ˫ֳ֮һʤ
ʱһһιȥھţƷѾ֧Ͷսʳ棬ͷšѪ޾šѪţ֧ʳ۹£սǿޱȵĶţͬͶս
Щţκһ֧һǿĵ۹âڱʳѰ֧ų֣һ۹оΣա֧ų֣ǿɺļǧ۹ҲŻҷ𣬸˵۹
ڣʳ˲ûгɹ˹ˣ˲ٵ
ˣûа취ǵķ
ǵջĿ⣬üͷԵİ˹ֺͰ˹ˡ
սдδ֣ǵ¶֪ηӦˡ
˹֡˹ͰüͷܶʮıȻκβЩˣ֮ǰû뵽ġ
ηųɣ
˹ֳĬƬ̣ͻȻ
֣˹Ͱɫ΢΢һ¶һ˿ɫ
ηţ
Ѿܾûˣһγ֣ڶԸɺʱǰ˹ģǿľţηǰ˹ּܶĸҲڴʳ۹ڲǿ
κΡǿ󡱵Ķһ˹ֵ֧ηǳ٣ֻǧҡ֧ÿһˣҪһҪʮꡣԺɺġɺս֮󣬰˹־Ͳٰ֧ŵɳ
ʱʮ֮ã֧˹һֱںеηţڱɹٴγ˶սϡ

ǵһ˿𾴵ɫѸٳ´ȥˡ
ηţ
֧ӵ̫ҫǺͰ˹һҪ֧ţֻ˲õǰ˹ֺǵ¡

أ
ͻȻ֮䣬һƳĺŽԶʳ˵ľӺ󷽣һɧƺʲôڳս
ˣʳжˣ
һͻȻȸԶ΢΢Щ
ⳡսļҳ̶ȣѾԶԶ֪֮ս¶޷֮ȡⳡսȻۼ˶ĴƺʹʳĶһӶ޷ģ
ȸֻһĳ̶ֳȣʿ㲻ϣΪɱеġǣһǿҵ
ֻҪ岻ȴԶȴ
ȸţ˹һˣǧ壬УǿĿɽ
˹Ҫɳηˣ
忴ԶһŤգڵ
սʿƱӰεģﲻӰ졣֧ŵʵʣնŤҪǣɫ磬ûкڰƬŤĵطȴһƬͺҹĻ罵һ㣬һּ䲻ĸо
ָоֻһ֣ηţ
˹֮սͰ˹ֹһģ֣֣ߣעĿģʾǡηš˹ǿ֧һ֧ѪѾͶսʣµȻҲηˡ
壬ηŵսѪŻҪǿ󣬽ƾߵκһ֧һӿ¶赲
֥תͷĿԵü
۹󽫵ĸ֪һҪö࣬ûпηţǸ֥ѾܹоõһŵĻ籩Ѹٳսƽ
߻֧ûս׼֧ŶԸηţ
Ȼͬ˹Ķͳ˧սУһжǽָӣǰûзҲŸ֥Ͽɡ
ǺǣηŵʵȻǿ󣬵һ֧ſԵֿסǡ
򶨴ݣҪԿھŸǿηţƾͨ϶ģȴ֪ڻһ֧Ժηŷͥ
ȥ̍ϳɣ
嵭ͷҲء
̍
֥ǧϯԪ˷׷׿壬֧ҲйӴӸоϣƺŵ࣬˶û뵽֧ӵıκξӶҪߡ
ֻǵһЦûй͡
̍ǴƵڶѵľӰ
ثΪƵĵڶ̫ٱõĴڣѵĶô֮ܵ
¤ݣثһ˴ɫʣҲ̫̫Ķ֣ͣ溲͸֥ĺ󱲣˵ˡҺб֮֥ثȻԶûô˽⡣
̍ثһѵǿӣÿһսǿò˼飬ʵ𣬾ھ޷֮ȡԼѵЩģǽʱϾ̫̣ڻĴϣվ޷̍ǧͻ֮ʦᲢۡ
ثھͿıˣ


1078 ֮սģ
а֮رдŸث֮ǰйͻҲҪӣûԭثڲ׾ƫƫ׾
¡¡Զ̳ηžսǰԽԽһɣʮɣʮɡ

ɲǼ䣬ʯ쾪һ£ǧ̍УŲѸٴͦսС
ϱϢھŲ֧࣬һ޻أ̤սľӣ֥ж̲ס΢΢ЩģֻʼյȻ֮ƽޱȡ
¡
˵ʱʱ죬ֻԶãã纣ĴʳͻȻֿһ˻Уϣ˸Ĵʳ䵶ֿһһ̣ͿһʳսʿͻȻ֮ӿŲ籩һս֮С
˻УЩһħ־ηսʿ͵һʿϣʯ䣬Ȼؽסһ䵶ǵ̺־޴ֱӽսʿ˳ȥзɳʮԶ
ֹˣͣһѸӹսʿ壬ɲǼ䣬ѿһѪ쭳ա
ˣ
һʿͬʱߴηսʿѸŤͷԱһսʿû˿ı仯û˿ֻ𳤽صһηŵսʿ
ﬣʯ䣬ηսʿϵǱս䵶ͻȻ˳һڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣסսʿ⿴򵥣ʵޱȣ쵽һ
䣬һ䵶֣սʿˣɲǼ䣬Ѫһһֱ˳ж£žһڵء
⻹ǽսʿһ潻ֵʵսУ·磬նֱۡ
ķ㣡
һߺ󣬸֥۽һ£תͷһԵ壬ͫмʶӹһ˿Ĺǿò˼飬۽ɱ¸֥ھź͸溲޷֮ȡ
ȱҲͬԣǵĹȻǿ󣬵Ƿغͷȴ䱡仰˵ǵķΪۣɱˣɱľɱ
ȱ㣬ڶʵԼ࣬ǳûԼʱû̫⡣һٶȺԼһ죬߾ηһͬʱװĿ쵶һһ
ֲɱǰ֣Ϊס뼫ȲıС
ϣϣ
˸һսʿˣжһֱۣбɲ磬׳㣬Ѹٻ˹ȥηŵսʿ󵶹⽣ӰϵĵУηŵսʿȻûܼսĹ£ȴҲû˿˲
ηսʿȻƾ׺ݺ;˵սмסսʿĹ
һĻսʿޱȡ
ǿս
һ̣ҵжΪ֮𶯡һ֧ͻȻֵľӣͺרΪɱ¾һ㣬еսƥԶԶĹ̲סһļ£˵潻ˡ
˲öȻ塢֥ǳǧ˭ûж
ԶԶأײ˹֡˹Ҳͬ˫Ĵ֮䱣΢ƽ⡣
ۿǧηսʿҪϯսıսĸʱƷ棬ھ֮ĵ֧ʽǳˡ
䣬η˫磬Űȫʱһɫؽһֻ͵İ׻ͼȼյ㣬бɲ͵ն
䣡
˫һܣѩĹâһ£˲סƴһֹˣ˫ֳֵηսʿ˫һӣ޴˲佫һսŵ̍սʿɳȥ
ͬ鲻ֹһȥǧս̍սʿȫηŵսʿֵ
һĻ֥ʶĿһ壬üȴʲôû˵˵̍Եֵηţڿ̍ʵҲǺھ൱޷Ըһηš
壬ǲǡһ֧ȥ
֥ԥһµ
ˣǡ
嵭
˵ʱƺӦǧ̍սʿٴȥչ˵ڶֵɱһΣսĽȴ֮ǰĽȻͬ
ǧηսʿѩ˫ɱʱ飬һϣ̍սʿڱ䣬˲˼ĿУһ̍սʿȫǽž죬ͬһʱӴϢˮǴߣȻӲİθһء
䣡
âһһɫľ޽˫ϣͬʽͬĹȴǽȻͬĽ飬˫ٴμסɫؽǽϵľ޴ȴηŵսʿõŵŵţ˼
ܣ
ԶԶأһĻɫս£͵۾¶һ˿𺳵ɫ˹µηжǿĿùǧηŵսʿ˫ɺϵ۹ǿľɱʬҰѪɺӣ׵ķ顣
Щɺǿʿ
ϣ˻ûмԽ˹ֵηսʿɵĴڡ
Ȼڣ˵Ŀ⣬˶˰˹ǿηսʿһһȻЩͽսʿɣһѹŴһ룬ЩηսʿڴɱķԷǿ֧ѹŴ򣬵ڣת֮սͱת
֪׷ʲô
Ϊʲôֳֺ֧ɫؽľӣǰһ뻹Ƕ֣һ̾ͱ
ɫս£˹û˵ɫѱѿޱȡսڣѪšηţǿ֧Ѿȫɳȥˡûʲôıˡ


ʱ˵Īڸ֥ʼľȹ̶̵ֻʱ䣬֥׷ʲô
Ȼ˼ݲ׾֥
ǷţƣҲǵʥʴ͸󶼻ثʹ֥͡һ֮Уλ󶼻δһһңԶټ϶Ǳ˧ڱʲô
ڳеʱ򣬸֥˵λƵ̩ɽĶڴս̫ٱõĴڣ˼ıˡ֥ǰ壬ڣ֥ˡ
ȻΪ˲׾ҲΪ˱Ȼ֧̍ϣÿһǵΪէһ̍ʵ󣬶ͬһ
һΣգսʤĶ֣˵˹ֵηЩ̍ʿܹѸϵĽƣ¶һǿΪ
֧ثһѵʵڰ˹ֵη֮£й֮
䣡
ǧɫؽ쵽£һԾ˵ٶȣϵĻն䣬Ű˹ֵηŹȥֻһıըһѩĴʳ˫ȫ̍ĺɫؽѹס


1079 ֮ս壩
⣬һηŵսʿ׷мܲסǹɳɽ׵ľ̍Ĺ£һˣȫֻм֮޻֮һΣΣΡηŵսʿһƻ˫裬ͬ籩ͼų̍սʿ
һΣǷԼĶ֣·̥һ㣬֮ǰȫͬ
ϣ
䵶˸Σյĺ⣬¡ǰңλǶͼ𹥻󣬺һһؽһһβϵնηսʿй
Щؽǵǿٶȸ죬ҲӵͣȫԵֵ
ʱ䣬ηŵսʿ׷ױɫ
пһĻĴʳҲɫ԰ףûѪɫ
ֻ̍һص㡪ѸͣѸͣѸͣǵĹٶҲ쵽˼£ֻɲǼ䣬ͽ˹ֵηѹȥ
˹ֺųѪܶʳʷǿͳ˧󶼻ثǴսߣԴãһлԾΪƵࡣ
һսثȻû˹ʣⲨͰ˹ֵĽУثȵռϷ硣
Ǿеޣǧ
֮ǰޱȵ˫ηţ̍Ѹٱѹƣǧﳤ̾һóϷ
Զİ˹ֵһɫѿޱȡ
һ˹֮սʳѾͶ֧ǿľţܼƳˣûܹƶԷķڱѹƵ״̬ûз
һɲɫΪʳھŻѪ޾ţÿһ֧ԼԻ͵ʷڹսаܼÿһ֧ŶԼͽʣʳ˶֡
ţ
ʱͻȻһ˶𣬱Ĳ˿С
ˣ
һ̧ͷǰǵ㣬ΡȻߴĽɫӰȻײһֻܿԻҫ۵ĲڽɫĿ£˭Ҳϵı顣
ţ
ײڶǿţʵѪ޾֮ϡ˹ֵľηη塣ôײ֧žġˡײΪѵЩţرһ׵ѵʽ
ÿһΣųһ֧ҵСӣԷӪ֮Уȥ͵зս֧Сֻʣ¶˵ʱײŻЩˡˣͻǱ˴֮Ծֻʣŵһ˼ɡ
ײ˵ֻˣӵǿηĸ־Լǿ书츳ˣҪġ
ˣҲֻײѵеĵһѡĶҪԶǿͲпĶࡣڵһϸģɹսʿѵѾУֻǿĸ־͵սǿ书Լʹݻٶ
Ϊѵ̫Ͽ̫࣬ײķһֱܵڸ
ײı˲ԣֻǴʳˣĵ͵۹мȡѪҺЩǿʿ䵽У˾ˣΪ൱Ķĵ۹սʿײĲҲı﷢Ĭϡ
ҲײľУΨһһϣɷǴʳɵĶţ
ŴӴ֮һֱž˵ĸʣ̭ʣΪײּݲյĲԣʹŵһֱ٣һֱԾ˵ٶȣʵѪҺ
ΪײµĵڶţҲž˵ս
ײ£ȷͷ󣬽Ѫ޾ţѪ޾Ŷ޷Ķ֣ײж϶ֵǿ󣬳Ѫ޾ţͻɳ֧šʳսսУһֶʮŵļ¼Żż͵ʡ
һսǿ˹˵ϣɾŲսʤ
䣡
ײһ䣬𶯣һǿӴӿĸ˾޴ĺɫս촵졣ͬʱһŨҵɱϢŸĺ

ɧ׷뿪˵ĿУһ֧ڼ״һ֧ǹϹһ䵶̤Ĳӿĳˮһ㣬ǰϺ͸һŨҵϢ
Ŀģǵϡ
ŵĳԱû٣ͳһѹһɫζ״ĵߣӽһŲϵǰƽšϵߣɱϢںһ
ÿÿ
ţ

֮УһߴĴʳ￴ЩĮޱţľ֣һ㣬æķȥһսʿͬ׷ȥ
ţʮ֮ڣȻûκεľŸҿͺһεǽһ㡣
ţ
ײ£ĴţǺɺԼ޵ľţ˵ǵ֡ЩʿʬɽѪаģǾʱһ˵սʿҹֱվȲϢҲƶͺһ
д˵ǸҪ˯˵еսʿվ˯ǿɱ¾ܣκ˿һֻó涼ܹǡԣŵսʿ˴Ҳϸİȫ롣
Ϊֹ֮פصʱΧܴһƬΧڣûиҿͬΪʳľӣҲЩžηޱȡ
¡¡ĺУһţ߾һɫս죬ھУǰȫǰ

ˣʳ˳ˣ
ԶԶģһߺս岢վһޱȡⳡս˼սĶ֣ʳ˴󷽵ĶҲʼǴһעĽ㡣
ŵ˲Ÿոճ߾о˶ԷĶ
һսŵĺɺϢʳӦټ۹֮ı˻㼯Ķַǳ֮ࡣʳʹƵĽṹͬǷΪĸսԼڶСս
ײͰ˹ֺʣͳ˧ӵмӴıټϰ˹ֶͳ˧ʳһĶʵ൱֮ࡣ
ǣڻжٱ
忪ڵ
ǧͥͶǧļ⣬İӺﻹûϳ
ǳ
һսеĻҪҵöֻ࣬һս߾Ͷ߳ϵĶʳǱߣҲ˶١
û˵ֻ΢΢һüͷ
ս˫ԮѾȫսļҲҪϺܶࡣһΣĵ۹󽫶ûϳײפں󷽣һ࣬ʦа˺˴峤ͬû
˫̽Էʵ
˫ڵȴŶԷܣ¶ʱһ־ʵĽ


1080 ֮ս
׼֪ͨʱ׼ս
ͻȻڵ
ǣ
δ䣬תͷȥ
ʱ仺ȥ˶ڵȴš
Զ̳Ǻɫս죬ԽԽХ尲ڰϣ򶨣ʼձżȵ侲
ĺɱڶÿʱỵ̈˲ϵ¡
ս΢ƽƽʱܱƣһӼҵɱСƲܰܣʳҲͬʧܣһս˫ʿԼδսмӰ졣
ƺƣ޴ĴսƮţ£Ŀ⻺սɨ
Ͷͷŵսڽţ˫൱ʵ൱ʱԷֳʤԶһ࣬һǧܶԴƷвɫսΪھš̍ŵļ룬ȫͣ
Χڣ˽ӽľ񣬴ʳ棬κ￿򣬶·һ
һطǧ󳵲ȫѹסʳĵضܾţÿʱỵ̈һضܾŵĴʳˣ󳵵ļй䷭ڵأеضըƬ󳵲ӵǿҹ£һĴʳʼ޷ӽߡ
±һǧܴƵĳ󣬲ͣĽš
ţ
±еȸֳϵػֲϵ£ɲǼ䣬ӵжĴʳϣ˻УĴʳսصײڵϣ̳
һˣԶһߣĴʳӵ
ţ
һХ޴ĸ֮ǽϣķ¶һ׶ɲǼ䣬ʮƵĶ̼գХÿһʳﶼܵʮ̼䣬ۣѪ磬һһʳľﵹ˵ϣϲ˼֧
ʳʹ⾫֮սʱԷֳʤǴʳãã纣Ĺȴ岻òǵʵ
ҵϯԪ졢Կ֮İʱ׼ս
ͷҲص
ǣ
һҵϯԪ졢Կ֮Ѹٲתͷȥ
ҵﵽ֮ͽ϶Ϊһ꣬ĩսǿսһֻصߡ
ҵһʱգİӵԡҲֻҵηȭȭı֮ģܴİӣ־ɳǣӳ
¡¡ʱȥƬ֮һ˵ĺѸٴ˶С
һŵսʿųķ󣬴һ̨̨޴ɫսе󣬲ϵͦڲһʯڵϾҵ
һսʿûִսһɱϢѾƿնͬӿһս
ϢŨңսе˫оˡ
ţ˰ɳˡ
ȷһĻģںսѪ޾ţѾǵһκսˡ
֧ǿľţѾԽһߵĶӣԴǰĽ֡
ϣ
ͬʱһ󳤽ĳ쳹գһĸߺ
䣬˫Ŀע£ǧֳֳѸٴӵһߵȱڴӿ

Ǳͥ󶼻˼˳ǿƾ֧ӣ˼˳һһΣʹöͻʵı޷¡
ǰ˼˳ӴУϸѡǿսʿЩÿ˶ˡ˼˳ǵҪܹ˶һٳеľ˴룬˿ˡ
Ϊ̵ֿҪ󣬰˼˳ʱԱһˡУ˼˳ֽһı˲ԣܽһģķ
Ϊͥĵλã˼˳ͬʱͶͻʺ˹ؽ֡£ƵսΪ˰˼˳ѵơ
һ˵ĳ̶ֳϣ˼˳رλãսĴ֮Ӿһ㡣
ϣ
ͬһʱ䣬棬һŵʿɫĶħߣҲѸͦ뵽սǰߡ
䣬غǧսʿһŵʿԣѸű˴˳ɱȥ
ϣһʿһȻ󲽳һŵʿ˹ȥȻֻâһһһǹ
ͬһʱŵսʿһеĳӹսʿ磬ͣɲǼ׷ֿһѪ
ˣ
һĻ塢֥ǧȴƵͳ˧Ƥһ
ʵӹɣܳΪ˼˳߼ʵ֮ǿ֪һһսУȻһ棬Ѿʳ˵Ŵˣֱ
壬֧Ӻ֮ǰľӽȻͬÿ˶ѵҶ¯ĵزͬʱʹƾǧסǡ
֥ͻȻڵü͸һǡ
ʳľԽԽǾ񣬺ʣһδʳɳľ֮һڵƷѾѵֵסˡ
˲صģⳡսֻǿʼѣ
嵭Ŀǰû˿

ǣˣ
һ۶ȥ
ܿ죬𶯣һɷ籩Ϣ飬Ѹǰսȥ
ǧͦأʿ߰һеɺͽ࣬һѸٵ̤ȥ
ǧһߺж¶һ˿ǡ
ŵ̫ˣƾǧǧºѵֵסôı㼫ǿҲվǧ˵ȱڡ
ˣô죬費Ҫɳľӣİӳ
ǧŤͷԵĸ֥һ
˫֮ĶԾʧܣʿɼĴ
֥ҡҡͷ
ⳡսָ壬ȻָȨҪҪҪǳ֣һῪڵġ
֥еĵʵһ㶼ڳǧֻΪ۹󽫣֥վҪһЩ
Ŀãӹɵģ֥ţΣ嶼ںʵʱȷľߺжϡ
Ҫǣ֥֮Ȼһξ룬ʼڹע壬򶨴ݣг㣬˷ӡ
˵ʱǰսϣѾѸٵķ˱仯
ϣ
һɭĽӿһսʿסϹЮŻصľԿٵ֮ƣ󿪴ϣ͵նһսʿ
սʿոհνʱ򣬾ԷһɶԶֻһգۣǱؽѾգսʿͷ


1081 ֮սߣ
䣡
ֻһ춯صıը䡣ʯӿŵսʿ߾ٳԺ֮ס˵һ
ˣϴǹӴģĪܵľɽõɳȥˣŵսʿ΢˲ɫ
ŵսʿǵǼ涼ֵ֣ʬۻһɽ纣ųɾǵ
ھĶӣ޷赲ǵĹƣЩļȻֻһܽˣľ
ʣ˼ǿĶ֡
ϣϣϣ
һһĳʶǧսʿ磬ɽһĪ̬ܵѸٵļս֮С
һĻ˵Զİ˹֡˹˵ˣ֥ǧﶼ൱ľȡ
վڴ󷽵ʱϢľ޼
һս֧ͺһ˰㡣Ѹ磬ɽÿһ˾ͺһη籩ֻһƵ˸ĵػܼ꣬˶
ٶȡݣԼսɱļɡ֧չֳˮƽ൱ĳ졣չֳսʽЧոɱ˷ʽȴ󣬳һĪܵơ
ңǵʽҲκǾþսɱսʿҲҲ׺ݵĹȫЩ
εĽǶȣ׺ݵķʽǶٶȣڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣһּ򵥡ķʽǵ£ҷȥײɼѹ

ĴʳУһ󾪺ײӱսսʿʶɱս棬Ҳʶһ·ƽˣµʬ
ǾЧɱ¾սϵĻ
ǰһȴһǰδе𺳺ͳ
һ̣Զײ̲ס۽΢΢һ¡
ʶꡢ׺ݡ񶾵Ķ֣Ψûһһּ򵥡ķʽսʤšȿĶǧϣײоһɺھŽȻͬѵʽӡ
ƺֽȻͬʱӡ
̫ˣ
һ߸ǧʵеʿһƬ֥ǧҲĿ¶ϲɫǧĻҪöࡣ
ϧ̫ˣֻôǧˣ
ʱ˿̣ȻĿ¾ˡ
ǧĳǿսһ㶼⣬ΪǴľһʱԴ̫ʱĳǿǸսҵոձ٣Ⱥ¹طǾݣȺ۲
ȻǸʱһƬңȴҲѵ½ǿľӡǸʱ
ȻʥʵдﵽǰδеĶʢͰ״̬ǵ¡ʢ»̫ڻʵ۵иǿ
ΪǸʱľɫǹûʡֱӡǸʱԵֻʱǸȺ۲ĶŶѾʧˡ
ֻǧ
ȻֻǧˣǵǿȴĿõġ

ıͳ˧θ룬ǧļ룬׸ıⳡսĸ֡䣬ЩγսͬʱһȦһȦɫ죬ûʡս⻷ϵشЩսʿĽ±Լٶȷ䵽д¡
һɲ֮䣬Х֪ԲеԪѸٳ۶ھԼ̍ӿȥ
ֹˣЩ⻷ļӳ£оڵѪûÿࡣ
⻷
ǼʢĹ⻷ǵòܹսԪĻָٶԼѪٶȣսе
ǿʹбԣҲ;á
һɲǣһǧ̨ͣ͵ɫսеΧԷ˱仯һھ̍ͽŲԱøӯĹٶȺͷӦٶȣ
˳Ѫ޾šѪšηܵ˾޴ѹ
ŵҲ˲١
һĻдʳƤֹ
壬ǲУǷҪͶµľӣ
Ƭ֮󣬸֥̲ס
һâս˫սڣûκһˡƵĶ̰廹һչʾǰǾϵơʱ仺ȥ֮ѸչֳԼϵơ
ǧѸٽĴƶӰΧսٴαýš
飡
һھŵսʿӦһŵսʿݴأͬʱ޴˦ɳȥصײڵϣҳһӶܿ죬һսʿ˱ݣ̍Ҳʼȥ
壡
֥ʶԵ壬Ȼϻƽͱļй¶ĵĲ
ȣ
ʳռϵƣһһܣǶŵʽı
飡
˵ʱʮսʿˡһΣ̍սʿˡЩثѵĶսʿ˹ֵηŶѹƣԸǿţ֧ͬš
Х޽ǵںڳû˿ֻƽĿǰ
عܣǼ
ɫᶨ
սڼԽԽҡ
У⽣Ӱȫ˫ĵⶼ쵽˼㣬жԷҪյսУ˫չʾ˳˵սɣһСģˡʼգƷûһ󳷡
ʳ棬Ҳûɳš
սеһʳľҲȫսûжٿԮľš
սϼҵİսȻ෴Զĸ˺ɫʳս£ңԶ˹һǰȫһƬš˫Ĵͳ˧һ̣ȫżȵĿƺͳĬ
ЩɱѪ޾šѪšھšֹ˹˫ĽͬʱŴʳʹƣ½ϣǿ۹֮ĽͽͬʱҲ˫ͳ˧֮־
ƺʹʳһ½ϾȻǿĵ۹ʵڲ˹ص°
Զĸ˺ɫĴʳս࣬ԭ֮ӥç֧ԶŵսţͻȻ̲ס˹ɫпѡ
Щ֮ľţʵ̫ǿ̫ǿˣǿ˱ֵĽޡ
ÿһܽһȫٳ˹ΡЩǿսʿǷ˹أǿľȴûж١٣˹δĴһ³ûһܹЩıᲢۡ

û˵ֻǳ̾Ϣһ


1082 ֮սˣ
ç֧˵ģֺγĸܡ˹ڶҲǷǳǿĴˣڴƺʹʳ󶥼۹ǰʱԵȻʧɫȻӵгǻֹۣ֮Ĳ࣬ǴҲֻܳ̾һû˿İ취
ԶХսڼ
ŵļս˾޴Ӱ죬̶ʱڣһľսʿ̍ǽģ鿪ʼ΢ı仯ۣһһҵĳһηսʿʽյԺ֮͵һؼף֮С
ηŵսʿ߶ûһһڵأ˲仯Ϊһʬ
Ķ棬ͣӰһһѪ޾ŵսʿ˲䱻ݴѰĽѨ£Բ۾صȥ飬һһʳһƵʵһγ˴ơ
ȻûôԣѾ֣һǿӹɵġ
ᣬսΪģţ䣡
ɫ俢ǰ
ǣ
һѸٽﵽǰ֧̍Ѹٱ仯ΣһָܼԲͰΣһһһԶ
˵ľܹΪ̣ϵҲʱϵı仯˼㡣
ۣۣۣ
һĳ׺ݣ磬˲һսʿ塣Ľӱ󴩳ѪֱʣЩʵ׿սʿ׷˵˵ϡ
飬һѪ޾ŵսʿľ׮ͬ˵ڵϡŵĹ⻷ʼսѸֹ֣ˣʳһʼѸࡣȻǧǴƾű˴˵Լ͵Ѹվ˽Ÿ
һĻ֥Բһ¡
նۣʳ˵ԼսԸˣ
ǧʱҲӦһԱߣɫ壬ѡ
̍ʳţԽĶʱʲô̫⣬һͬǿ֣ԼĶӡ
ǴƷ治ͬƾż⻷ãдĻָԶԶźʹʳľӣʱԽãԽԡ
Щʶļ㵱С
սڼ˫ڳӡ
İӣ
йâһͻȻ
Ĺ⻷Ѿã򣬴ž޴ѹǧĴʳɽ纣һϵصĳŴƵĸߡ
ʳʼǸ粻ȥĿطһʳѾʼƸߣ뵽ƵӪС

һһתͷѸԶȥ
İײ̤ս岻òǰʹˡʱֻһ˲֮䣬ܹǰ֣ʱֹܻܿݱһ׵ܡ
ֻǣİͶս󣬿ɹǲĵƾͲˡ
ϣ
һĺҫգİӳһ߰˳߳İһǽ˸ĺʱȫע⡣
䣬һİսʿһſ˰ǰƽĪܵƣʱսİӻṳ̂ߣְƣѾöս˻
Ǻǣˣɣ
߸Ʈĺɫʳս£˴ԶջĿ⣬ͻȻŤͷһԵ
ﲨͰ˹ֵıˣҲľ˾ųˣöЩͽʶʶǵɣ
һս˫ıѾȫսΪʳͬʱҲľ˵ڻûϳѾ仯ľҪһε˹̨
ϣ
ʳĺɫսһͷͨڵս磬ƶ㣬͵һֻ̤¡䣬ɲ֮䣬һ˪죬̤ĵط
ʳӵϢҲʱһ䡣
ˣ
һģ·һϢ·籩һչϯȫؼ¶Ȼһͬʱÿ˶һ˵ģֻ
ণ
˺ѷεʵ𣬶˵֮С
һɲǣ˷׷ױɫޡءç֧вԶĶ˼̲סͷ֧ڣɱ¾Ϣɽ纣·Ԩ̤ľӡ
ϣһƥƥ·ܵʲô׷ȥ
ʣ
һĻɣҰȻŭ
ڸʲôԼս
һΣȻЩ³ȥϵȫԼЩսȫûáЩþս󣬾ϸѵͺǸܵʲô˿־һȥ
飡
ܵӰԶֹ³һ࣬еҲȥ˼Ǳףȴû˿ô
ϣ
֮һľ˴Ѹٳ˵Ұ֮СǽµĹ⻷дһɹ͸Ϣĺϵشӹ⻷͸ɢСһ˪Ĺ⻷ںڰ֮ȴ̺һһľ˵սʿеޱȡ
ڰࡢϡʥЩȻͬϢ˿ȴȫͬһ֧ϡ
ˣ
˵ĿУŤԶԶģڳǧľ˴ϿգȻֳһϵģߵӰԴƳɣǶֱʯ觺䣬Ŀģ߶ǰһֲ۾ߣ˫۾ͬأԽʱգעӳǧ顣
Ӱı󣬸һ޴ƽ߸һӴĽ
Ϲ⻷
ǰ˴Ӵ˾µõģǿս⻷
ڴϣڹǿϵһһڤ̫ǿ۹ǵͳ߱ΪϣĻǿĿԺڤԼ繵ͨ
˵ķϹ⻷ǴӴ˶
գ
ֻһӺ󷽴ľ˾սʿˮ˷ֿľ˾ŵĸͳزӹ̧ͷŶľ˾ţ¶һ˿Ц
ȫǳĿ׺͵ټȫµķϹ⻷ڵľ˾ű֮κʱ򣬶Ҫǿöࡣɺ˵İ֧עǵĶ֡
Щʷǰǿ֣վǵʬ壬ľ˾ӲܵĴ˵


1083 ľ˾ţ
ϣ
ȡ䵶ڼԽĽУεʣ߸ߵľٹͷ

䣬飬ʯ쾪£ѸԾһΪսɱ¾Ϊܵľ˾սʿ͵غһ糱ˮݳӪ


Х۹·˷ľ˾Ǳ߸ոһߣ塢֥ǧӦ׷˹ȥ
ˣľ˾ųˣ
Ѧǧ
ɺɺʹ˴൱ϣԣľ˾˹ǵһϳƷ棬жĽ켸̱˳
Ѷɣ鷳һˡ
ͻȻڵ
Ǻǣʳľ˾ţҲѾãܹ˹ǽ֣ҲԲҵһΡ
Ѷ΢΢һЦܿȥ
һ㣬ȱ׼Ľ죬ҲΪھе̫ǳ»ûּԣһ׼Ľ죬Ҳ˼Ǻܾľ
ѶʵǿҪǣԷѶйԲλǺһԸߵľ硣
Ҳѡԭ
գ
ĺ󷽣һƥս磬ƶ㣬ϵë趯ڴǰˣѶɺʹﲢãã纣һսĴ֧ԵԽǿر³綥սУ֧ĥ˼գҲѵһµơ
£Ѿû޷սʤĶˡ

ɫ£һ仰͵ذγȸֽ£һ˿ҫ۵ĺ⣬¡һ̣ʯ쾪һＯһУһ㣬͵شӴԾ
ϣֻһĳ˻һ̣ʱ䶼·ֹˡ˵ĿУһƥȫս׵ĺɫսȻӵһߵȱеԣսڵУĵӳĴʳԼĴʳ䵶
䣡
ս͵ײһĴʳֱӽʳ˴ݺݵײ˳ȥͬһʱ䣬ϣһصս⻷īȻƥս±ֻâһǾ޴ս⻷ͬһ㣬˲ٽĴʳΡ
¡¡
غƥսأʱʱָһˮް㣬˷ãã纣ĴʳС

һĺ쳹սһָ֮ǰ²ɵĴʳ׷ŵư㵹£ǧǧǧĴʳԾ˵ٶš
ӿʼڣһսдﵽһ˵Ĺģʱ䣬ۼһ˵ﲻơ̶ȣ֮ǰͬն
ÿÿ֧Ƶ
ӣǸǵĶ֣
ľ˾Ըǣ

ĴʳһƬңѪܶ˹ֵĲӸ߰㣬ȥ
ӿսڣ˹µнʿʶ֧ĿֲѾ֪жǵĽ£ɱ⼸һ֧ƶĴƳ
¡¡̳һڴкֱѴʳɱһѸŶľ˾ųȥ
ɣҰҲɣⳡʢɲǡ
ͻȻڵ
¡¡ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬𶯣̳ǧ³Ѹ뿪ӪΪһľ˾ź󷽣ǰȥ
ɳľɳˣjͣҲȥɣ
˼վھ˹˲ԶĵطйâһͻȻ
һսˣʳѾɳ˽ӽųɵı˹˶ˣ˼ȻҲʱ»
Ƭ֮һ죬ǧкբ֮ˮѸǰȥ
սٶȱýһһľǧ³ټǧⳡȫ֮սѸٳΪµĽ㣬˵ע⡣
¡¡
ŴĽӽԽԽңҲŽ˼㡣
ھͿˡ
Զǵ׳ӰԺжһͷߣÿһ춼Ǹܳʱ䣬൱һμӹϴսֲпѪսΪŹͬľ˽ǣԲŻὫͳ졣
ǰûκεĽȴͳ־ûзܴûʲô˵սξԲҵ֮¡
ߵ˲ͬ˴һμʱʵѾܸˣⲢѡԭҪǣһܳǿĽ졣
Ա񶴲ѧϰϱӣǿսȫָӴһ棬֮Ҳ϶١
磬ϣ㰴˵ĽЩ
ԺжһͷڤڤУǰһĻ
Сܣʲô
УÿݸԼһֽһɻ
磬Щұšȹһʱ䣬һ˵ִҪ㽫Щֽʲôףϣϸŵĸ
һ
þɲվ˵ͷ

սϵ츳ԽԼ屾⽫ⳡսֻǣ֮°ѣ˹սҪԮϣģǴ
¡¡
֧֮ľԽԽ˫ҲԽԽǿңһľ˴ϵԽԽأ⻷𵴵ƵԽԽңͷҲԽԽް
ԶԶȥֻһεĹ֣񷶥һ㣬ľ˴ͷ·һһ
ڹֵ棬һֲԽԽ
һ̵ľ˴ͺͨ磬ǸǧǰĹһɲעЩ£ɱľ˴ϡһľ˴棬ǵأɽͺ赲ǰĲ黹飬ᱻǳ׵ǿֲ磡
ɣһɣʮɡ
ԽԽ
ľ˾ӵĸͳĿ䣬¶ѪЦݡ룬ѾĿ֧ÿһսʿǵơװʵ⻷ǿȣ͸¶ǿ־ȷȷʵʵκһ֧֡
ɣһ֧ӣ⺷ٶȳ浽£һɽ壬Ҳᱻײķѡ
ԽԽֵɱ
Ц


1084 ֮һ
ֻǿߣֵҫ
Ȼľ˾Ž˹﷢˺ɺѹũ񣬵Ƕľ˵ⲢǵıģֻΥѡȻڷľ˾˵ϣʵܹҵɺ֧ġɺǿɵδɵս
ڣǰȻһ֧ⰲǿڡ
ݻǣ岻ڴݻٰ
֮
е䵶ֱָգһХɲǼһ⻷ȫԭѾﵽһ߷ľٶȸٴһأﵽһ˵ĵز֮ĲӰ
飡
һֻ̤£µɲǣӲĵһ˲ѣʯʯ׹ʱһľѾʧǰۡ
ʮɣ
ƺƣ룬֧Ѿʵʣһɹͬһֻֻ޴ȭ㣬ŶԷݺݵػȥǶľ˾ţѾǳΣգ˫ûκεתأҪ΢ĸı䷽ȫ
У
˫Ǵ˻Ǵʳˣ˫ס˺нŵ˼㡣嶼̲ס۽˼£Ϣ΢΢Щҡ
һжѾı䣬ľ˾ƺһЩ΢ı仯֮ϱԭӣҪǿ󣬲ֹװ⻷ˣߣԼҲһξۼһ˵
һǴʳĵһҲǺƽǰϵǿһǴƵĵһͬʱҲĩϵǿ
֧ĩǰǿǲϵģΪԼԭȴһǰδеĺԾִδ£ĽΣ嶼֪
ϣ
ԶҪײϵɲǣͻ𣬾ڴǰµս͵һ̤£һǿս⻷±䵽
ɱ
ɲ֮䣬ǧͬʱ˻𣬿ռŤһѪɫӿռŷһ˲ʧԭֵĵط˺ȻһŵĻ棺
ֻһƬڰִأںڰֳİ׹ǺʬޱߵѪڴʣڴص룬֪ħڷɱ¾
һ磬һĽ׳κ˿һ۾ͺҪȥجһ
ʲô
һĻһеսҲ·ܵ޴ľһ˻СҸ⣬ǰһкʳ˵󣬵ǲʲôһжˡ
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬֧ͬͷʷǰһ㣬ݺݵأ׺ݵײһǿµײսɱ׵ڸȥνһ֧ӵĽս޷ľ˺֮ײȲۡ
ˣһɲǼ䣬ʱ·Ż˵ĿУһ䣬·Եľ޴⻷һ۵Ľɢŵ棬ײҳңͶ棬һ˫Ѫľ±ķϹ⻷ҵײһ
䣬⻷ײȴǸݶ⻷飬ȱġ⻷Ƭ˳ȥ˵ĸо·ǲĲǸʵĽХ⻷˫˫ɲǣƥսϵľû˿ԥһһ޻صƳŶԷ͵ĳɱȥ
һɲǣ˵Ŀ⣬һ絶ƥһɺ졢б͸ɱ¾˫âԣû˿õ˼
¡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ʱ죬һʱ䶼ƥȫװսںƵĿУͬɽصײһ꣬޴ĺУһѪײУʯ䣬ƥս֪ٸ׷ײɷ飬ӿѪˮƥսײĵط
ƥսײһͬʱ
ɱ
һŭأһʳսϵľײУеĴʳ䵶һ־˵ٶŶ˹ȥĶɴûκһĶҶ쵽£ȡȫҪλãһжٶȵնɱΪĿꡣ
۳ֵٶȣľӣٶȶҪ΢һЩ
䣡
ֻһƴ׵սһϣһΪѪһءǳƵľһȴϣȻɱսϵȴʧеľﶼսһҲסˡ
飡
ͬʱһϢûľ˵ﷴӦһֻĽѸһ졢ĽǶȴһޱȣҷǳͻȻȵֵʱѾ벻ߵľ롣
䣡
ʯ䣬һصͻȻڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣסɱһľķӦҲ£Ȼʱ뵽õӦԣҴķӦȻѾǵһΡ
ΪΪսɱ¾սʿľ˵ӦԸֹԼͻ״̬ķӦٶѾﵽŵĵزˣսľﻹСԼεĶ֡䣬һֻͻȻ·ɳһľϣ޴ݺݵ߷ɳȥһײڵϣ̳
µһѸݵķ
ˣ
ʤʱҲƺָ飬ͬڸطһһľＤҵĽսһϣҽڶ䣬һľܲסӴͬ߷ݰգͬһʱ䣬һﱻһǳɵĴʳ䵶ӹ
ǳĿҲ޷ȫסЩĵط
Ѫڴʣսֲֿĳײ촷ۣﻹľÿһ½֮սҵĳ
һݶĽսײ죬֪ľﵹⲨ͵ײС޵ͷϹ⻷ͬµɱ¾ͬڼҵײš
֧¼ҵƺ֧ǰҲоη;̳֡գһ̣ҲܵߵӰ죬ϵŤ
֧½ϵǿϵĽţţҵɱţȫֲ¡̶̵һɲǣ˵ĸоһǰƺһֱôȥȻҲʱ򣬾սҵʱͻȻһĻԤ벻鷢ˡ
¡¡֧ǰ漤ײϵɲǣûжע⵽һͻȻһΪ벿ֵǧͻȻһһȻ٣ͬʱѸٵҷֿͬһ㣬ƹ˫ֻһɲǣѸײڶ֮Ȼһľݺݵײȥ
ˣ
еľﶼȫ棬ȫǰǰϵʱͻȻоһȻһʱֲһƬҡ·ʤһľϰֱӳԷսû뵽Էս
Щ֮ǰʱ򣬸û¶˿Ķߣǵ󷨱仯ȫײ˲ɵġ˿µսֱִǿĳ񡣻ɲǼȺһƬҡ


1085 ֮
ã
СģǴӲˣ

ľһƬңţľѸٸı䷽ƾŹ˵ս֯һľǧ֮ǰ˲ķߡ
һ벻ʱ䣬ѸٷӦߣ£ô̵ʱ䣬Ҳֻľ
Ȼˣһл̫ˡ
ͬΪʵڲ֮䣬˫ģһʼѾע
¡¡⽣ӰͻľɵķֻƬ̣ǧﲨΰ£˲ķѡ
ϣ
ʯ䣬ǧɲǣ֪ľﱻǾ޴ĳײڵأսб෽̤
ʲô
Զ߸Ʈĺɫս£ͫһǱһľϰڴѹԵѹ֣û뵽Щ˻ı仯ǧѡķҲǡǡľĵطҪ´Ѿˡ
¡¡սڵϣ̳ȫֻһ棬ľʧأǲûʿʵսϣȴ˴ָӺͱϡ
棡߽ǣ
侲ŵͬӴһսϿջصȫףһȣݺݵľɱȥ࣬ǧﷴ壬ľи֧飬½Ἧ֯Ļᡣ
ʮʮ
Ȿʮĩĩ󷨣۹޵󡣵˼֮󣬾һΪǧԵУƾ޵赲סľ˴ķâȻƾʮʮиͣĵط룬ǵͳ״ҡ
ʵ֤ĲԷӳ˾Եá
ԾľûӦֶսľ飬˲䱻ﳹ׻߽⣬˶벻ġ
쵰
˫ֺݺȭͷһ˲ѿޱȣΪ޴ķŭͣ˵ʲôһжѾˡ
ȻһҾ֪һʧġ
忴һĻ¶һ˿Цݡ
֮꣬ѡΪԼµĵһ˵ʵҪĻһ˵ٳӦʲôʱЩϣѰľҸսϵʱı䡣£һûκܹȵϡ
һӴ˲޿̬ѹľ춨Լǿĵλ
ϲսʤľ1000㽱
ϲǿƺţ2000㣡
Ⱥ۲桯֧񣬶⽱1000㣬ܼƽ4000㣡

һٲһ㣬Ժгˢ£ʱѾϾע⡣ⳡսѾǱ֮ĶԾˣһϵ˵սΪһǿһԵԶԶһľĺ󷽣ǧ³ǧ糱ҲӺЮβ׷
¡¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬һ̣ľ³֧˲սһ˻ײҽдصһƬսٴαòɴ

һĲҽͻȻ˷һһľ֧һսʱһİӵĳ֣Ҳ˲Ĵʳ˾޴ĳ
磡
һİǽǰһ˲Ϣһʳ˴նΣ֫ϱ衣ȻֻһˣΪرǽսĳ̶ֳϣһİӵɱͬﻹҪˣҲӵ𺳡
֣
һİնɱĵ֮ٴƽ߰˳߳İ£գ֮䣬غ˻ǽӽһʳﵹİӵĽ£λӵнӽĴʳ˲䱻նɱױȡ
𣡡
ǰҵ˫ֳֵʿ䣬Ŵһ߾ʬ壬ǰͦһΣĴʳ澪֣׷ȥȻвٵĴʳһİӳɱ
ϣ
ʯ䣬âһͿһʳһͬһ쳤㣬ֳ䵶žҵԶһİսʿݺȥһУɽ嶼ˡ
Ȼƴһİӵսʿ۾ûգһ£Ȼֱֱĳʳ˹ȥ䣬İݺݻ˶ԷĴʳ䵶İһչ¶ţϣֻһĴ죬İȫ£ʳе䵶˲ķѡ
ⲻܣ
ϵĴʳ֣һжѾˣֻһлѪڿն𣬳Ĵʳ˴ϵڣȫİսʿ롣
飡
һѪص׹ڵϣİսʿ˫һڵϣɷ
ţ
һĻĴʳѪӿ·ܵ޴ľһסսȥ
֧ӰԵĽʽɲɱԼصƽʽЩʳǰδеĳ
ɽ
ʱҵٴδӶߴеİٴμᣬγһֱ׳۵ǽֻɽУֻСɽģֻصĹͬʱҲǴᣬĵźš
İƽĹУȻ⣬Ӷϵı仯ʱ򣬾Ҫʹɽ־͡
İӵؾеİǽͣûǽͣİɵĳɱضûôӴ
˹һ֧Ҳɣľ赲סǡ
ԶɫĴʳս£˹ͻȻŤͷһԵİ˹ڵ
İӵʵʵûôǿǱȲѪ޾źηŵģǵǼһ𣬿ηŵɱҲˡ
ţ
˹˵ͷѸٵĻֱۣܿһ󷽡
Ხ˹ţ
ǰ˹һ֧ţֻǰ˹Զûа˹ֺײԴ֧ӵʵûηᲢۣټϲ֮ǰһս˹Ხ˹⵽ǿ˲ˡⳡս˹лôͽ֧óԱˡ
ڣսҲˡ֧İӵʵվ޷ĶᲢۣҲǰ˹Ψһܹܵԭ
¡Ƭ֮һ֧̤սһİڵķȥһΪֹ˹֡˹µĶѾȫɳ˹˺ͻ˵³Ҳ̤ս
һ̣۹ˣеıѾȫս


1086 ţ
սԽļң˫ıȫɱ֮Уÿһ̶дﵹ£Ѫڿйϵš
սڽţڵȴ֥ڵȴԶĺɫս£ײ˹֡޵ͬڵȴ
ûκεսһֱȥ൱Ķ֣վоʤһ̣ʤȻһʤһܡ
ʱܿȥս˫飬һսʿ֧ѸٱԷ룬Ĵʳ䵶ףʿѪ͹Ĵ֮УЩսʿ˲ȥ
Ƕ棬ͬʮʳﱻնͷ­׹ڳС
ⳡսǴƻǴʳ˫ıزˣܵ¶ˣ˽ǵλãͶս֮С
ִϳκ˺ˣնɱ
Զĺɫս£˹ֵĿԶջأŤͷĸٵ
ǣ
ĸߴ࣬׳˶ĸٺܿתȥֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һ֧ǧɵִһſǽս󷽡ÿжһ䵶ĿݺݵĶǰ
ִӣ
ڴʳ۹Ⲣʲôİ֡ڴʳŵĹУרִӷֹʿܣִںܾǰѾȡʧˡΪӳ˸ƣǴʳ˵սʹִӺ޴ڵıҪ
ڴʳ۹ĹУңͲܵ⡣
ڣ˹սҶŵսʹð˹ֲòһ̬齨ִӣʹǿ
ⳡսļҺͲпᣬԶԶ˵ԤϡӵоƵ£Ǵʳ˸ûϵġ˿ֲɱǰһ͵Ĵʳ˶ʼη
ˣʿǶ֧ˣ
һӶߴһߺתͷ壬ǡ
ⳡսļҺͲп̶ȳ˵󣬿¾֮ս޷֮ȡ
վڷߺ󷽿ȥƣļ󣬶ĺ鲻ͣش£ףȻһ·ѥ档״ˣ˵Ĵ֪
û·ֻܼ˾Ҵʳ˵״Ǻö٣
ĿŤҲ࣬ҵİڵλá
սڣİڳشǧİӵսʿƬսϣʬˣأϵѾȫ顣
齨һ£İӾڽյսһ롣
ΪİӵĶ֣˹Ხ˹ҲһʧأǧᲮ˹ŵսʿİӵսʿһǿսʿİְԵĽʽҲռٱˡϾİƣΪһĹǵİսʿ
ǣȥģ

ǹһ񣬺ܿȥ
ˣ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һս춯أڴսԭĵĴʿһ񣬷׷˻ţٴγŴʳɱȥ
սźţܹʿսô֮սʿȻⳡսľѾϾ˼㡣
ưܲҲԲܰܣ
ÿһսʿܵ˹־һѪţȫǱ߸߾𣬳ǰĴʳն¡
һʱ䣬ʳ˵ĲҽڶŴսһ˿΢ı仯
أ
ƵսոԶԶģʳľӺ󷽣ʳ˺˹ҲѸ˷ӦһƳĺŽѸ쳹˹սϿա
ںŽĴ̼£ʳҲԽ׷ţֵסͻȻĹ
˫սĺͺŽǵⳡսԽļҺͲпˣ˫ٴδ󣬵սɱֽ״̬
䣡
ʱ仺ȥ˵עڼҵսʱ˭Ҳûע⵽ĸ˺ɫսǰâɣһֱһ㴣ײͻȻˡƥ˻ߵĴʳԡʤߡͻȻǰɫͻȻ̤£˲Ϣ䣬𶯣һǿ͸صףķ俪ȥ
ͻȻı䶯˵ע⡣˹֡ˡ˹ǵµȴʳĽһײ˹ȥ
κʱײսġ
˹֡˹Ͱ˵Ȼײ΢ʣǾԼûз֣һ漰սƺܵĲ
ţ
һ˶ײɣֱһӣͻȻ´һ
ĸ˺ɫսΧ˲侫񣬾ж¶һ˿Ͳס˷ܣ
ڳˣ
ʯ䣬һͷܲѡ
ţ
ʳսײǿҲ۹ֲľšսԶʤȷ桢Ѫ޾źţǰ˹ֵηŶ޷֮Ტۣײʳ۹ǿս
¡
ײ䣬ͻȻһ𣬾ͺһֻ޴ڵҺһһ̣ʳһ֧ڵǳˡˣ˵ĿУһ֧ǧ˵ĴɫУɫؽͻȻڴʳӺ󷽡
Σ֧ٺײ߰˷ƣ¶ϢҲײֻ֧֮ͬӵʵԶûײôǿˡ
ˣ֧Ӹ˵ĸоƴǿͣǧսʿһԨs˼սʿٵһ㡣սʿ

ƵһƬ¡ǧսʿĳѸٸıսաܸɵľ룬κһˣоһɾ޴ĳѹȸСЩսʿûгѾһصʯͷѹ˵ϣ˸оһϢ
ǧսʿŶսӸ£˿飬¶һζ

һ£ʯ쾪ǧսʿýĻΪһƬĽ⣬ˮкһ㣬ŴƵķ򣬵һɲǣؼžǧսʿϱƣʮƻҪֲ
ǵĽҫ۵Ľ⣬ͬѩƣͬһ㣬һǿҵĳ𺳡ǵʵ߸ϣѾԶԶκζı֣ţǰҲȻʧɫ
һ֧ŵǳʳ棬һ֧ҲѾǳˡ
Ϊֹʳ漸ʮĴѾȫս֮УײҲѾûκεı
һս˫Ѿ㾡ȫս³ŶԴʳķб

ʱ˿̣ļ룬ƵĴͻȻü䲻


1087 ޵ֲľţ
ˣ
һߺȸ͵Ťͷ壬鼫䲻ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ׷׿˹ÿ˵ж͸һ˿һսѾ㾡ȫͥ¤жɳԮʦĽԶ˹
սڣеıֶѾǳ˭񣬼սڣʳȻһ֧Եǿ֧Ϣ׺ݣɽʹһ㣬Ȼǻûгֻ֣ԶԶ˶ܸо֧ǿԶԶ
̍Ҳ޷֮ȣ
Ǵʳ棬ǿ
ⳡսŸոտʼôһлð죬еľӶѾȫǳںʹʳ˵УбֵĶ£ʳͻȻͶһ֧ŻҪǿͿµı֣ڴƷĴǻԵġ
ƣѾûκԵֵס֧ˡ
ϣ
ǧŵľԽԽǼԽ˻ʯһ㣬ôϡ
սϣţںżսļȶҲоĲԸʳ˵֧ţѾķеľʱѾ޷ܸĶˡ
ֻǧսʿǶ˵ȴġʮһƾ˲䵽˸ıԵ

֥ɫӣͻȻһ̾γϵ彣
壬Ѿûа취ˣѾûκζľһս۽ΣǶά˴Ƶ档ٴʳ˻֪ϣǲǲսʤġ
λ׼ǵǳֵʱˣ
۹󽫵ĳ֣Ǹ֥֮ǰģڳ׻ʳ֮ǰ֥岢ûз󽫵׼ڣѾϾôˣǧսڴ˵ǽǻԵĽ
һȣ
޴˧£ŰڣŶ档ҷ紵޵ĳ趯һʱ㣬ȴû˿¶
Ե۹󽫵ʵԸ֧ǧ˵ţǾвͨģͬʱ̹עսһײҲͬڹעơⳡսȻң˫Ͷȫıײ˹ֵ˵ڶûмսһ΢ƽ⡣һƴƽ⣬֥νսôȻײǳ֡
յĽδǸ֥ϣչ
¡սԽԽܼҲԽԽǿҡǧŻһֱߣֱսȥûڼսɱľ
ŵĽǲмڼ֮ĻսѡƵ
ڴƺʹʳ֮սϣ󲿷ֵս뽺״ֻ̬Է糾İǧںͶͷŵսУƾķʼںռѹԵơ˹Ķͷţʱ˿ѾʧأѸٳֳļ
ɵǣ
ǧսʿǰˣһŵͻȻڵò˿顣δ䣬ϣ춸İγ
¡һֻ̣ǧͻȻٶԱԭٶȣΪһɫĳ磬͵ײ˴ǧӪ֮С
¡
ʯ䣬ֻһ춯صľ졣ԭںͶͷŵսУѾռݾƵţͻȻػһҫ۵Ľɫâ͵رըǿıըˣ˲佫԰ټƵսʿ߸ա
飡
ҵײУֻһŵսʿгһ˲һսʿһ룬Ϳսʿ·ֽƬһ㣬˲䱻սʿʮɸ߿գǰȻڣѹƤһڵѪҺѹ֫ĩ˺ȫëףʮɵĸ߿Ѫꡣ
ͬʱһһֻɫ㻮գ̤һսʿؿڡ꣬ؼ˲̤飬ʵǿսʿͬ߷ݰɳ͵ײڶȻǵ䣬ʯɽսʿأʮսʿһײɳȥ
飡
ǧսʿɽֻһ棬սʿЩսʿ¡
еԮ֮УԲǹߵģǷ棬ǼھŶԶԶ޷֮ȣҲںͶͷսܹʤԭ򡣵ַںսĹУȻû˿á

ĲҽУɰǧսʿˣϵرײɳȥ
ֹǣ
ҸϣΣһǴͨ
һսʿŭţ͵شӵȥȻû˳ԶۣһɫؽѸٴ壬⴩࣬ѪܵĴӱ󴩳սʿԲ۾ţȻͨһڵء
ϵǧںͶͷŵսУסǧٴεĴ̻Щŵĳǰȴֽһ㡣
飬һֻɫսѥѸٳսʿУСһ̤ϣսʿʬ̤볾ȻԼĳ
ȫɱ⣡
˿˵仰ŵսʿʬ壬ǰȥﻹиͽȥɱ¾
ɽǧĿǰʵǻǿĶͷţӭȴǸǿţκεķ͹ǵǰԵͽ档
쵰
һĻԷ糾˫ȭ۾һӾͺˡ

Է糾͵ذγ֮ۡѸٳһսʿȥȻâһûеͻȻһս˻ޱȣʯڶ
¡
˵ĿУһɫĵ⼤Է糾ҵײһ𡣵Ũ̺;ɢһȫңҫ۵죬Է糾ǰ
ͽĶң
ɫᣬδ䣬ϵһϳ
ˣ
죬Է糾һݣĳ
Ǿɣ
Ȼ֪˵ʲôԷ糾ȴԥľеĴ֮ۡ

ˣ
˭Ҳû뵽ŵսȻ˿¡ǿʵƬ̵ʱ䶼û֧ţѾѸٻ䴩֪սʿĳ£߷ݰ㱻ϳա
ֹˣ䴩֮˳ƽƵȫԶԶȥԭĴ˲·ոһ㣬׷׵ȥ
ӣܣʳɱˣ
̫ǿˣѾˣǸӲǵĶ֣
Ǵʳʹ֮սǵģܣ

ֻŵڼӣһһǿޱȵսʿն£֮еĹӶȱˡĹӶսʿ׷׾ֵȥ
ҰһڴзӣϿսڣȻֻʮһˣȴ·磬ڣһѾǧųΪѹյһݡ


1088 ִͬ
ɢܴǶŵưӦͬڣȫֻֿܵšϢӰ졣һǧܴʳɫսеΧȲӣԼе󳵲ҲܵӰ졣
ѡӣڴ˵ģ֮ǧʱԴκһɴƾӵڲǺ󷽷ԵĹͶ룬սֵӰ컹Զֹˡ
ɱ
ɱ춯أ˵ĿУǧʳ䵶飬һҫ֮ǰһֱƸ߾֮ĴʳӣᵽѪζȺһ㣬һ˷ţŵĺ󷽣ɱ롣
ֲܣݱĳױ
ķһɲǣ塢֥ǧϣ˵Ķˮס
棬ײսһû֪ʲôǺ󷽣˹֡˵ȴ¶һ˿ЦݡʣⳡսʳѾռȫѾûκεĻʤϣ
ϣ
һƳĽգս졣һǰ֥͵̤һ
壬ٵȥˣٲ֣ͻ᳹׵ܣǧ׼һǳ֣ײͰ˹ضӦ۳ֺֽҪ̶ȵɱ˴ʳˣǳʧȥ
֥ɫ㣬һ־
սף¥ĲһսѾ㾡˴ľ񣬼㲻սʤʳҲһҪʧʧȥҰĺʵǰδеش
Ѳڸ֥Ŀ֮С
û˵ֻǳ̾һеȸֳļƻУھѵĳʱһײֻ֣´Ƶ˱ڻҪ࣬սײĿֲ˶ʶģڣƷѾûѡˡ
±һǧȫתƷ򣬵ʳɫǳλо׼
ȡ±λãʳ۸ʲôĴۣһҪס
պɽٶѹסʳĶܱӣֻʮʱ䣬ʱһתأ۸ʲôۣȫѹײţ
Է糾ʧ٣ȫսҲҪǣסûǣƣ󳵲޷
еĹӶӱһսܹսʤʳǽʮĳ𣡡
֪ͨд׼ս

̶ʱڣ巢һһ㴫սЩ̍е󳵲ӣɲǼ䣬ƺ˶Լȴûκ˺ˡ˶סԼеĳ޷˵ĳŶĴʳɱȥ
սսս
սսս

ڤڤУһ쳹أʼֻǧˣеʿ˻ⳡǰδеΣûκ˺ˣսֱ͸̶ʱڣûкˣѹס˶֡
Щͽ
һĻ̲סƤΪ֣ϴʳӵǿսҲòϣЩˣһǿѶԸĶ֡
ǴʳܹյʤҲҪЩ˵Ĺ¸ƵĴۡ
ˣ˹ǵ£׼֣
ʱһڶ𣬰˹վڸ߸Ʈĺɫս£ͻȻǰĴƾӡ
ʱѾ죬ѾƴƵû⣬Щ󽫺ܿͻᶯֵ֣ǳѹˡ
ⳡս˹֡ˡ˹ȶĴʳܶһʼͳֵĻܹԴش״ݻǵĸߡǲǰ˹ֻǰ˹ûôɣΪû뵽ǰ˹ֵһʼ뵽ģһ̣̬ǳ
ڴ֮ǰ˾˿˷ѡ
һж˵ļƻʵˣ˹İڽ񳯣
ϣ
û˿ԥ̶ĽУ˹Ѹٰγϵ䵶ͬһʱ̣˹ˡǵµҲ˵ͷ԰γԼͬʱһɹɿ񱩵뵽˿µսС
ֵոʱˣ˹֡ˣǵ£Ըɺ׽֧ͽɣ
˹Цţֳ˱޴ĳĿ
˹֡˹ѾþûôʹˣɱЩˣʱȫһúõף
ҲЦѾ뵽Զڰ͸Ļʵ۹﷢յսʤϢθˡ
Զһ࣬˹ֺͰ˹׼֣˶׷ױɫ
˵ʱʱ죬ڰ˹׼ֵɲǣͻȻ˶жһ¡ľ졪
գ
սĶߣԶԶأһŸ߸ߵ󷽣һͬɸһ㴫
ʼʱ΢ɲ죬ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ͬһ㣬֮У֪ս˹Ķս۶

ͻȻıʰ˶ˣ˹ֺͰ˹˱Ѿ׼֣춯صһɫ㵷׷ͣʶģʳĶ۹󽫣׷һԵĴ޺Ͷ˼ˡ
˹ĶԮִҲֻ˹غͻˡ
ظо˰˹ֵ˵Ŀ⣬һɲǣͻȻַǳõĸоȻԼѩɽǱߣϻпɳԮָʼͼ͡
ǵˣ
ôʳɫޱȡ
Ѿ½ˣܿ˵ĿУһƥ׳սȫżӲͭףһﵱȣڸ߸ߵϷ
󷽣һ˾޴Ľɫ컺𣬽ɫսϣɫצɼ
죡
¶һצо𣬶ĻָơצצĽֱŲͬݣֻɫָצžͳߴʥʣ
ܹʹִʵսľӣݾԲ
ͬ
ʯһԾԺ˳֧ӾȻǴʥߣǿĺͬʱҲǴ̫ʱǿڣ
ɵǣ
߸ߵϣͬ޴е׼޲TŽ׳ͬսŶ˹սһ۾ȺΪҫ۵š
ͬѾܾûгˣΪ̫ʱ£սǿĹϾţͬԼĽһս㼯˴ƺʹʳ˫ǿıܵ˵Ĺע
ʦʥڿţҲͬʱڿţͬҪһս֤ԼҲ֤Լ֤Լʵ꣬ʳ˾õĵʯ
ɱʳˣ֪ͬ
޲Tйâ䣬֮ǳҪҫۣһ䣬һӴսϱ¡˵Ŀ⣬һֻɫ㣬͹⻬Ӳ͵һ̤ϡ
µɲǣһȦ޴Ĺ⻷ϡµ·͵ĴӴ޲TĽ±ͬٲһ㣬ȫ


1089 ͬţ
ˣ
һĸ˵ĿУһһ̤ͬ⻷ͬͭף飬Ϸ
µı仯𣬾˵ĿУͬ£һСĽɫ⻷ھߵĵط
һһСһһߣ⻷ͬʱ֣ڹ⻷ļӳ£һͬϱϢǣǻٶȡݣѸһ˵ĵزܿͳԽﵽޱƽŵĵز
ͬ޴⻷
ͬǿҲͬ˶еĹ⻷Դͬ˸ʵܹ֮ͬΪǿ֮һ֮ǰͬǿĵλ޿ģΪĹ⻷
һٶǰͬ˸Ƶ̫ڻʵսԺ˵ºͣͬʱҲ̫ڻʵͺΡɴɵʱǿĵ۹ǣоͬ˵ս⻷ҹע˴Ѫͬԭս⻷һŸǿս⻷Ϊͬ޴⻷
ΪǿĹ⻷ͬպԽԽ죬ʵԽԽǿճΪƹϵǿӡǿҵ̫ʱӡǣΪҵĳ谮һֱҫԽͬ˵Ĺٳɹıڡ
¡
ʯ䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬ǧͬ籼ڵĽһ㣬˲Ӹ߸ߵкһɲ̳ضɽҡսľ˻׵쳹
ǺƴԶŶˣ׷Ťͷͬķ
ǧͬ۵糸ٶȼ죬ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ѾӹǧɣţҲǧɶѡ
ɵǣ
սУһͷͷŵսĴ磬һŵĽ죬İγ˳ֱָͬ
ǿŵģĽҲʹǾηκεսͬıֶ˵ʾһơ¡¡һ̣ǧѸٸı䷽򣬻Ϣͬȼգ׼Զͬȥ
ʱ˭ûз֣Զһߺ忴һĻһ
̫ˣڵˣ
¶һ˿ظЦݡ
¡
ԶֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ǧͬǧصײһ
һɲǣƺƣɳʯײ׵սĲ˻⻷ײһƬ
ͣһɫĳҫŹâ˲һͬļ򣬶ͬʱһͭ׵ͬҲսʿ֣شսʿĸ
Ҳڲɲǣ𵴡ŵǿܹŶһգͬǿͬȻûκΰ취֧ɲǾȻƽɫ˭Ҳûռˡ
ϣ
ͬʱս˻һͷ׳ͬսһͷ⻤սͬʯһ㣬ݺݵײһײ˲䣬ͷսĻȫķѡͷսھ޴ĳ£ǶϾۣķѡ
һ棬ͷս׷ϵʿʧȥ˸ԵսҲھ޴Ĺ£˳ȥݺݵڵϡ
ϣ
ܼײڶŵĹȻ׺ݣвҪͬĹͬǧ۷塣
ײڼʮսУ˴Ѫòѵġǧ˵˵ǵľǿ
ͬߣȻûľеļɣȴһսᣬ۲пͼҳ̶ȣײսй֮޲
飬ڼҵĽսУһͬսʿͣ׹ڵϣڶ̶ʱڣ˫ĲпսʹøԵʧﵽ˾˵ĵز
Ȼһлֻǿʼǧͬǧżҵɱһʱһҵս˻ա
˻ͬ˽Ȼֻͬһգ۵ʱ䣬һ֧۵糸Ӻ󷽳֧ʵûͬǿ󣬵ǽµһȦɫ⻷ֽУƥ˵ĸоͬ޴⻷Ҫ¡
Ϊ˾񣡡
Ϊǰ
Ϊ˴ƣɵǣ

һź쳹ءȻֻǧҸ˵ĸоҲ΢΢ЩԭޱȣҵţͻȻ֮һƬҡ
ǧͬѾеע⣬ľеǧľӣҾȫ۷壬ڵ˵ǲɳ֮ءȻθ룬һжѾˡǳƴƵͬսһʱ򣬾Ѿעô׵ĳߡ
¡¡˵ʱʱ죬ֻһ죬ǧɴƾѵı˲޽ݺݵزŵս֮Сźͬ޾֮΢ƽ⣬ȫơ
ɲǼ䣬ǧһƬңӵʳǿս֧ϼһ˵ϼлҲǶֻ֣غϣɾ
һлԶûн
׼ţ
ǸһĻɲǼǧֻܼ꣬һľ죬˲ƬƬĴʳ˷׷׵¡
սڣպɽǧ󳵲ӣڻײĵضܾţҳ֣ԸĴʳӡֻһ䣬һʳ׷׵£˵Ѫ֮С
ÿһǧΪһݶӣдųУҺֱƽ
սڣպɽҲһһضܲӺ󷽾ۼ˴ʳǿӣǽŵضܲӵڻɹƽߣǶһ־޴ѹҲպɽǧ󲿶һֱѹǵԭ
ҲΪˣ󳵲˷˴ļ֧Ҳʧȥ˶ѹơĳ̶ֳȣҲŵĳѹơ
պɽļƻУǧ󳵲Ӧѹֶⲿӵġ
䣡
һ̣ܼĳս𡣾պɽָ£ǧܴƳֳݶӵһ뿪ڻĸߣ͸һ֮еķ϶ʻ˳ȥ
󳵲ӵһ޷뿪ԼġսͻȻı仯˷ʳע⡣
ӿսڣƵ󳵲Ѿ֪ɱ˶ˣ˵һ֧ǴʳҪݻٵģɾЩڸߺ󳵲ӡ
ɱ
һ˲ΧͷܶĴʳͬܵѪ̼Ⱥһ㣬ȿֺһɱ
䣡䣡䣡
ֻ꣬һ䣬ǧĴʳأʬ̳лԶǵڶպɽָ£֧ݶӲֻǵǰһεĹ˴֮⣬еķ󳵲ӵĹΧ֮С
ɵǣ
ٵǵĳǾҲвˣ

󳵲Ӽͣȴȫ޷ֹʳ˷ĹһһĴʳӿȵľһϵشӺ󷽳ɱ


1090 󽫳֣
ţ
ţ
ţ

ƺƣպɽͷ裬˶򶨡ݣû˿ʳ󳵲ΧĵطһɵʱҲһƽû˿Ĳ
¡¡һһĴʳ˵󳵲ӵǰǧˣǧˣһˣһǧˣһǧˣǧˡʬСɽһ㣬󳵲ӵΧѸٵۻãã纣˵Ĵʳʬˣ󳵲ӵΧʱǴ˷ͣЪĺɱʧˡ
ԶԶأĿ⾪ֵʬɽѪе󳵲ӣԼպɽһ¶ؿ־塣ЩĴʳﾭпսʬɽѪͳ˸־֧һĲӣ˶оηˡƺκε־塢ϲášеһͳͳڡ
ԭֻһȺ˿֮·ϵɽˣ˭ǾȻպɽгǿ־ᶨǿ󲿶ӡ
һлԶֹˣͬĳ֣Լպɽ쵼󳵲ӷսѸٷ˶ŵƵı仯һǧͣ͵׾޺ű֮һʿ
˳Ѫ޾ššηšѪһʿ䣬䲻ԭ˴˻Աƽ⣬һ̣սΪҲ޷ʿ࿹⡣
һ֧ǿһʧȥս־ǰʱۣһлѪϴӶߴʯ𣬳ųŵѪ޾ššѪšηŷ׷׵¡
һǧˣǧˣǧˡʵ£ټʿѹ֧ʳľشǶսΪȫսĴʳôඥӵսҲǸԳܵѹ
ͬһʱ䣬Զһ±һǧҲѸٷӳɱ
ţţţ
һһļ겻ƿն±󳵲ӻûպɽôӴɱˣȻСǧˣǧˣǧˡһˣͬսڣ±󳵲Ҳɱɱ˶һˡ
ǣһȫܣڴʳ˵ģģ壬ԽԽط֧Ųס׷ܡ
ֵͬڣǰô̵ʱ䣬ʳ˾֮޵Ĳӣ
ȫԵܣʹԶںҵľ³ﶼоĲӡʤܣǰķתҲʵ̫ˣֻգ۵ʱ䣬Ȼͳֳȫܵļ
ⲻܣ
ܶ˹ͺһֻȭͷҪˡһ࣬˹ֺǵµɫͬĿ¡ⳡսÿ˶ΪԷ㾡ʵ˵Ԯǰ˭񵽣ǳһԮȻеڶұԱʵ֮һҪǿ
ˣˣ
Žǣˣ

˹ɫޱȣⳡսԤϵȫͬ˾޴ƫٲˣµʱȫܣ˵ʱ»˳ɱ
ˣ˹ֹǣ
һսΪһͻȻı仯һֳ̳˽ȻͬĽ
ڰ˹ֵļƻУҪģȻͬǳǰһΪԸѹ̬ȫݻˣڣȴǣˣֹȫ
أ
һ˵ĺŽޱȣͬʱеĴʳˡ˹ˡͻ˶𡣴󷽵ĴʳȳˣǰľҲɽ׷ˡ
ߴˣ̴ˣڲǳֵʱ
߸ƮĴս£Űڣ΢΢һЦĳȸֳϣһ˻ڸо˵һƣԾѸٻΪһ⣬ӹʮɵľ룬˸Ӹ߸ߵĸ֮ǽԾ𣬺¡һ˶ĴʳӪ֮С
ͣ
峤һһСʱ䣬ǧϸָ˷ۣųŵĴʳܶ˲ͬľ׮׷׵¡ͣ㣬һԾǰȥ

ǰͬʱһһѪȭ⣬ʱ䣬Ĳҽڶʮ⣬һѾӳԶĴʳͺһε˿ǣ˴ڿնź󷽵
飬˻ڿУ޾Ѫڱڡͬ黹ĵطһһ֪ٴʳܵãڵѪҺһɹɳǧšţڡ
飬ֻһľ׮׹ҵ˻УٶʳﱬѪ׹ڵءǿµսҲѪһ߾ݺύ˵ϡ
һнֻǿʼ¡˫ȭһըֻ͵غڿСɲǼ䣬ǧأոձ˷Ѫ͸۳ž޴ѪɫȻֶǰȥ׷ǰܵĴʳұը
¡¡
ƺƣɳʯԼɰʯͬһ㣬һƥ£򡣰ֻһĲҽУ԰ټƵĴʳﱻը˺գ֫ϱ衣
ϣ
缲һɳ۹ȥ˲׷󷽵Ĵʳ
¡ǵأɽͬƥһڱֱӽʳըգֱӷʮɵĸ߿գ׹ʱһʬ
ӣǵĵ۹󽫳ˣ
ʮĴʳһƬң׷ͬʨȺ׷ϵ򣬲ֻԶȥȴû׷ȥĿһתܿһǧɫսеԼ󷽵Ѫ޾šηšѪźš
ϣ
͵һɶȥ

һǧɫ޺Ѫ޾šηšѪšһƬңͬѹסǾͼܵĸоΣѾˡ
סǣ
̍ھšһ࣬磬׷׳Ŷɱȥ

˫ɱʱͻȻһϵմһ룬âһһֺĽƥȻ¡ʯɽ̳׹֮أըһʮɿľ޴Ӷڣŵսʿ׷׷ա
ǱϿûʲôˣ席顣
Щŵսʿĳ̶ֳϣʵڼ֮ϣԸֵ֥۹󽫣̫ˡ
¡
ͬһʱ䣬һɫľ׹ŵ롣ĲҽУɫĹѸٱը԰ټƵսʿգըĲ֫Ƭء
ǧﻯ̫Ҳͬˡ


1091 ʳˣ
쳷н¶Ϻ˷ɢȫˣҪס
һ̼Ĵʳ쳹գһѪ޾ŵ׼Ȼͷһ˺գ̰Ǵ˼նȥ䣬â䣬˼׼ֵɲǣбɲһѪɫ£ب˼ǰӲĵһ
ˡ
һᡢݵ˶𣬰Ӱһ֪ʲôʱһƥѩףޱȣƶ˵Գ˼ǰԵıϣһᡢӰ
Ȼֻʮ߰ӣʡͶ㣬һ쳣ϡصĸо·بģһˣһޱȵɽ͡
˼ǰıӰͻȻĳһսڣҲĴˡ
ǺǣˣȻˣҾͲˡ˾ͽˣ
˼΢΢һЦܿõһԡ
棬Զʤ˼ĸоܱ󽫾溲֮йһЩͻҲ彨֮ǵʱҪһЩ鷳
ˣ¶ĸоҲ̫á
棬˼ȴòϣһ˾̾óϷ
ڵ˼񣬶岻û˿ĳɼ൱Ժ
ܹμⳡΰսһֵýж飡
һ࣬ȴ֪˼뷨עȫǰѪ޾ŵ׼ϡ
Ȼˣֺαؼߣ
ǰĴʳ׼ͻȻôʳ
仰Ѫ޾ŵͳն͵һ𣬾ͺܵ˾޴ľһǵһεִ˹սҲ֪ǰЩ˵ͳ˧ⳡսؼ
ߣ
ն¹⻷𵴣͵һɲǼӿȥںһںɫĵ⣬ֺƵƥ͵ʿգһնȥ
һͬʱն˶İεضһ־˵ٶȣԶȥ
ߣӵ𣿡
һͻȻӶնŸոڿնݳʮɣ˲Ϣ䣬ֻгһӴ͵һѾסԼݺȥ
ֹˣǹӴֵɲǣԲ֮ڣͻȻƺƣɳʯһĲҽӶߴնֻΧеĴʳ˴·«һ㣬ǹ´ȥ
֮֮㻹ǹԹɣ
ɳȫŰڣ֮С˲佫컯ʩչ˼ޣһһ»󣬸˫磬ɫԽԽ˵ĸоҲԽԽʵ
»ļӳ£նʱɵøˡ
̫֮
ʯ䣬룬һӴľնϱƥĽܣն˸һͻȻΪһ޴Ľɫ޸ݺݵ˹ȥ
̫֮񰲣
Ǵʳ˵Ĺ֮һһѽɫľ޸նһоѧǸ̫֮񰲣Լö
ڼҵսУնѾɱ˲֪ˣ佫˴ɷ顣
Ȼһ̣ն̫֮䣬ͺһεıݣ赲˰֮Уǹεľ̺һǿŤ֮
¡ûնӦǹŤ֮˲串˷ԲʮɵķΧն̫֮ҲС
һ룬ֻһ춯صľ죬ն̫֮һ澵ӣŤ֮ɷ顣
ã
նѾвҪܣѾˡʯ䣬ֻһϸСĹӰŨŨһϤ˲նǰ
컯
һڶ𡣺䣬նκηӦѾεضһƻؿڡһ̣նںƺƵѪͰкբ֮ˮ㣬ӿû뵽ڡ

նɫޱ䣬˫֮иֳȿ־ɫȻʲô˿̶Ѿˡȫãֻڵӿȣϵӿڡ
գ֮䣬նڵʧëƤѸٿήƵƤһѸή֮෴õնڵԭѾǳǿʱˮǴߣٴαǡ
䣡
ڵϣ͵һӣ㽫նѾΪʬ壬ڵϣʳ۹һ׼ʹ
õնȫȻûͻƵ۹󽫵ļ𣬵ȫʵõҪͻһҲָտɴ
úĸоȥҪ˶ãҾͿﵽ۹󽫵ļ𣬻ָǰΪ
建չԺд˷
ΪʥԺлǿѧΪľ磬ʼ޷ʩչһͻƵ˵۹󽫵ļ츳ʰЩ书ˮɵ顣ʱ֮
ˣ
˼ʱͻȻһɼΣյĸоӿвʹʲôȴѾ˷ӦͷƤ˲䷢ը
Сģ
һӶߴʦаˡ
룬һΣ˲ƣбɲȥͬʱһӰͻȻԭվĵط͵һƳȥ
¡
һɲǣƺƣ̳˵ĿУһĽɫǧɣƽɽ㣬͵شȴ˲䱻һֻɽ޴ƺݺסһһƣ˫ըɷ顣
ײ
Ժжһͷһ۾ͿԶɫУ·һײ
ײһﲻֻңңĿȻˣֵһɲǣ޿սע⣬·ġ
ɲǼΧžɱСࡣײһûעһԵ壬Ҳûսеκһˣңң˶аˡ
ͬһʱ䣬аսкԣĿͬŶײɫ£䡣
սϣǿĴңţϢƵá

ãײתֻ˵һ֣źʻȥΧǧĴʳ糱ˮӵȥ
գ
һ󼱴ٵڶ𣬺ܿ죬֥һߡ
壬ô죿ҪҪ׷
֥ͬһʱ䣬ǧҲɢȥ̫ĻϵߣһڴĿ塣
һ࣬аҲŤͷ壬ȴľ
糱ˮ˵ĴʳӣĶˡ
ʱ˳ɱȥ˵Ļ˴ʳˡ
Ǻܿ죬忴һ΢գڻѹסɳ嶯
ˣⳡսѾķ̫ʱ䣬ͬĴɫײͰ˹ǻ۷״̬׷ȥδܹʤ



1092 ս飡
ɻҹսԷֲ͵ϮСģϮţȴڴģľսʷϣϸ鿴ͻ֣ᷢҹľսϡ٣ԭҹʱҰ֪ԼָӶܵĸš
Ϊ־ͻңʿҹɱ󣬸ʿ˺ԯޡȻ෴ľٶҹʱ׷սʧڵзص
Ҳֻˣھʧأ涼ļ󣬿Ҳȥ׷ˡ
֥̾һǧѷ꣬ϧʱڣҴʧ󣬼вʣ֥Ҳֻܷˡ
ۺʱײʼǸϰ
ǧ̾Ϣײ޴вƾԶ̸ʤּǿ߽սҲھƣĴʧء
أ
ܿ죬һŽеĴƾӶ糱ˮȥԶҲľ³ֿŵһ߶
ⳡսٵж࣬ͬľǵ
ŴƵĳˣԶĴʳҲ糱ˮ㣬׷ȥѪ޾šѪšηššᲮ˹ҲҹĻڻ£ⳡս
͸֥ǧϡа˵˲ŶһãջĿ⣬һ˹֮ǵķʻȥ
ǣͳսʧ


ҹĻܿ콵٣ǱҲܿͳƳ
үһսʧأͳƣսˣˣʣ»սľӣͬֻܼˡ
ɫ˹ȴһƬƻԻͣǵϥڵϣޱȡ
˹ؾʮһ࣬ͬæѵľӾʮ࣬һսսˣս𣬲ò˵ʧ޴
Դʳ˼ʮ˵ĳǴƸĴۡ
ʳǱأ
ƻҡҷ帺ֶǰǵһ仰Աߵĸ֥ǧа˷׷׿˹Ŀ¶˹עɫ
ʳǱ߻ûõȷݣǸݳƣӦôﵽʮа󳵲ɱ
ǳ
ԴӴƴ֮κһսУӵмǿɱرǵպɽУ󳵵սʵķԾõ˼ĸƣɹģ󳵲ӣκһ֧ĺ־塣
ΧǵĻ˳һ
Ҳ˵ʳ˹ˡͻ˼ıҲֻʣ¶ʮӣ
֥
ⳡսʧܴ󣬵ʧģǽĴʳһսսȣӽһÿһսʿʳսʿһᡣʧǿԽܵġ
ǣ
ǹڵϣ
ҷĻҴ󲿷ײµɵġܼƴﵽˣонӽǧս
ǵĻڵնʱ˲١ܹǧˣǴƵĶ֮һֻһ棬ǧУνʧء
һսսˣоУ˶еĺ
⣬ʳȻ˶ʮ򣬵ǵĹ۲죬ǰ˵ĶЩʵ̫ǿĲӣʣµľӣսֻǿǵɴڡδѪ޾šѪšηšŶǾ޴в
ǵͷ
ڲпսϴģԶǾеľǵ˲Ƶĵ⣬ӵķԶҪĲǿö࣬šηŻѪţʹ֮սȻҡпᣬһսʧûеôء
֪ˣɡ
һ˿˼ɫܿعŵϵǰ˰ֵ
ȻֻʣˣǴʳҲֻжʮˡһǲɶԸȻҪǣ˼ľ񣬶ǧܴƳֺδ⽫ǴպԿʳؼ
պɽ󳵲ӵôʣ¶
ŤͷһԵպɽ
һζԸʳ˴Ȼ֮Ҳɳսʿսϻգʣǲܼ࣬ƻңƽÿ󳵻ܹʮĴΡ
ƵÿһʵĸֲɣҲζǵأЯԽ࣬ٶȾԽպɽòǵʵ⡣Ϊ˾ϵ˹֧Ԯ壬պɽܶ˳ɽɺһжԺΪˡ
·Ϻʹ޵սԼʹʳ˵սպɽѾպɽյĽ
պɽĻüͷ΢ɲһ¡ÿܳ䱸ʮĸζǧ󳵲Ҫ֮սмУԼȥÿһֻҪˣԶԴʳɻԵػ
ЩͷԺһܿŤͷһԵĴ޲TͼͬĽ죺
лˣ
Ե
ߣҲлңҲǳģһжǻΪ˴ƶѡ
޲Tһͷ
һĻڣ˶΢΢ɫ
ڱϾǴ˹ͳ˧֮һΪºͣսˡ޲TЩͬδҲ̫߰ˡ
ү
һԣҵкһҪ˵ʲô㱻ֹˡ
ûϵȥɡ
΢΢һЦΪ⡣
嵱Ȼ֪޲TΪʲôôѵӪͬ޴󽫾˼ĶӰͬҽֹԺϣðͬ澡ʧҲøŵͬܵ裬޲TкɫŹ֡˵޲T˵ĳɼⳡս޹ؽҪֻҪսϷɱһо㹻ˡ
ЩͷԺһ嵭ȻһЦָܿƽ
޲TҲ֮˽˶ԹһսƱӮǱµּ⣬˭Υ
ʱһ׳ǣ޷ϸֱڴ˲˵ע⡣
䣬һֻ޴Ľƣźףӽ̤˳ͬʱһɷ籩Ϣ̺ǿҵĺڰϯһ˲䣬˶ע⵽һĺڼԼϺ͸ڣϵս졣
ԭ΢ŵգʱ滺ࡣ޲TɫһݣͷһԵĸ֥ǧҲ¶𾴵ɫ
ûʶλڼҲû֪ްĿ£ʲôĿǶ˵ӵʥʵӡǣ㹻ˡ
˹ڼʾʥʵĻ
壬ʥʵѾˣ𣿡
ڼ˿飬˶𣬵Ŀȴʼϡ


1093 Ѫս죡
һʧ
΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
ã
仰ڼԾ񣬻ϢҲࣺ
һо鷳ˣ
һ䣬̬һٰʮȴת䣬˵ࡣ
嵭һЦĿһתܿ˺ڼеս졣
벻¾Ȼ洫˵еսɳս죬һоȫͬˣҲʩչǸˡ
ڼйϡ߲ս죬Ժд˷꣬ΪѰս죬֪˶پȴʼһԴʥ֮սʧˣҲ˿ҵ˵ⶼһ־޴ʧ
һΣҵľս졣ֻݣ̺û˿ͷҪҵôסֻû뵽սؼҲʱԼս죬ȻһַʽͻȻԼǰ
Ѫս죡
ǿս֮һս췢Դǧ֮ǰʵʱڣʱµĹھȥūƽʱʹõ󷨡ǧʱ䣬һһ˵Ĳϸı䣬󷨲ݱǿ̫ڻʵʱڣֱݱµĿ󷨣ǹ
Ѫսʩչ󷨵ĺġ̫ڻʵ۵ʱǿķҲƾս
֮β룬Ѱս죬ԭ
ҵȥͬȫ˹ڵڶϣʱȣҲ鷳һͬǰ
һ仰˽ﵥִĺڼ
ܲʹ
ڼǰ̤һԥ

˹⣬֮䣬ɪһƬžһＯе˵һǰİӶɵ˸ߺʱ˿̣˹ڵڶȴǵƻͨľţȫۼһţܹĵĲʱȣֻһʱ䣬ֻԼָ߳ٶ׼
¡¡
һҹʱ䣬˶ڽܹĵѵ¡¡ڶ쳹ǳء

ͬʱʳ˵Ӫͬǽ䱸ɭϡļսŶɳˣȻǱ˻ܣ˶ʮ֮ǰĴΪʳʤ˵Ǹ޴Ĵ
ʶ˿µսдʳ˶ٴУǧĻѽʳ˵Ӫճ˰硣һٶ֧洨ϢѲߣҲ֤ڴʳԴƼ䱸

ʳӪصΧûһ磬һ֧ȴͻȻһ£С࣬ͺ˶һһһĻһ֧ԱʻĴʳѲ߱Ƥһ£ͬʱŻٶȡ
̫ˣѶʼܵӰ졣
ô£о䡣
ٻ²Żѩڣоѩ䣡
һȺʳ˿Żı仯ͻȻڵ
ı仯ʵӼǰѾʼˣǲ֪Ϊʲô⼸µı仯ԽԽԣҲԽԽ䡣
쿴Ŀף
ͻȻһʳƺʲôָһ𺳡һϯʱ˵ע⣬ΧеĴʳ׷Ͽ˹ȥ
ҹɫ谵һʼ˻ûзʲôǽȼյĻѣ˿ױ治֪ʲôʱһɫĿ
˪
ǲ㱡Ľᾧ˶ͬʱҲԼϵף֪ʲôʱҲһ˪һɹɺâһ͸ףڡЩʳľ񣬾ȻҲ΢΢оһ˿⡣
һȺʳþ˵
ʱ˿̣ڴʳӪص룬ȴһ⾰
ˣһȺûõĶȻһ֧ͽֱǳ裡
Ӫ˷ŭ쳹ҹգӪܵĲᣣڰ˵ŭоҶ֪еıŭ̶ȡ
սϣսûʱ򣬰ûбֳǰսѾһ䣬ﻹܡ
ڴʳ޵еľӵ˴˾֧ԮǳͷϹ⻷һ棬˴Ƶǰŵġ
ľ˾ŵĲܽһ̳ױơʳľ˵һ־޴ĳ衣
ˣԲǴˣû뵽ǻʹıǡ
Ӫͼľ˾Žͷ­һһսβ֪ԼˣֻͻȻɱǧʵ̫˳ˡڶûдǲϮѹ
ˣڽƱ磡
ͨ죬ŭɶ
һȺ
ͻȻһ˿飬ӪͻһɲǣˡԼӪľ˵ˣɫѿޱȡ
ȻѵԼĲ£ϾľԼڲ£԰ڴʳ۹ݣ˹ֶô˵ΪڰѰ˺ľʲô֮١ǣ˵ˣ˺ͷеŭ˲ȥһȺɫһֶ˵
ײ
ΪʳսҲǿսֻܶҵŰ˺ͷ˵ľˡˣ˵˻һ仰ҷԭܼ򵥣Ϊûһܴù
ײڲǻֵʱ򣬴ƵԮһһֵǲŶ޷赲Ҹоƻʵۺпɳǿľţڵ˵Բʲô£
һԱߴ˹վ˳Ȱ
ײǿľͬʱҲʳľ֮һһ㣬˹Ҳòϡ
ܹᲢۣѹǣͨľܹģٴƵİ͸֥ھԶûʵڰ˹ֵжУӵֲֿսģҲֻдƵĻʵˡ
˹֮սճ־ã˫ͶľӲΣƵĻʵҲӦˡ
˹ֵĻӪ˲䰲ײɫҲƽࡣ
֮Ӧôսʤƣݻǵľͳһ磬Ҫ˹﷢»ڵȴǵϢ
˹ֳ
øǽʼչǱǸ࣬ҲѷӦе˵ǵĶڿ±ǻҪࡣ
ܶ˹ͻȻڵޱȡ
֧ӣͷźᲮ˹һսʧأǰ˹һʼû뵽ġѾ̣ŲԤϵķչʼİɢھҰĲİ˹ҲѾףһʷǰǿ֡
˲һֱڳǽ棬ⳡսҲԲЩ˿¸ǽֵܵס
˹ֵ̧ͷһܵˣ
ײƾǵ۹󽫵ȶԷ࣬ټǵıȻϣܹЩͽ죬Ҫϣ


1094 ײ
ײʵĿãһܹǧ¸ǽȫһȱڡҪܴƣȻпΪ
ԣ
ײڽɫ£˿ϵı飬Ϊܾʱλʳսȴص˵ͷ
Ǹеĺͷ˭ֻҵ
漴ϷӦײųƴʳǿܶ˹ʱҲ⣬һΣȻ˹һԺᲢۣסĶͷԸ߰ײ˵Ǿ޷ܵġ
ԣ˵ײӦ˰˹ֵ󣬲˵ײԼɵǸƵͷʱû˴ȥһ㣬ȥ
һ顣
ʱһԵǵͻȻ˵ˣ˲˵Ŀ⡣˹֡ˡ˹뿴˹ȥľȡ
˹˺ͻﲻˣһδսǳ˸ɳһ֧ӣûɳپǴʳ۹һսѾʧʮ˹غͻˣֻʧ˶ѡȻǴʳˣһĳɹͲǺ档Ҫջ񣬱Ҫ˹˺ͻ˱սǰߣ
ǵӭ˵Ŀ⣬ɫΪʳĶܶǵ¶˹غͻ˵ĲѾáڵһ׶εսʱ˹غͻܹϴʳӺ󷽽ʹôƸܵУڵȻͬǵºͰ˹˵Ѿ˹֮ǡ
˹ֳĬ¶˼ɫ
֪ͨǰɣͰ˵İ죡
˹ֳ˾
ֻҪܹʤһУ˹Ѿںˡ

̫ǿˣƵĻʵۿҲѾע⵽ˣȻͬﶼɳˣǰһ¾ˣ
ʳңңһ࣬ޡءç֧Ͷ˼Ҳۼһ˵λƵʥʣɣҰҲ¶һ˿ļɵ
ڴƣʵ۾ֻǻʵۣɣҰҲ֪ĵһ֣κһλ۹󽫣Ҳĳصɸ֣ǡǡλڴƻʹʥʡֻǡʥʡ֣ҲԱԼĵλ
Ͼǿʢλʥһֵģ
һλ˹ⳡսһȻͬĳˡ
ҪЩ飬Ϊ߲̤սϣҪǸ޷գҲܰܵô죡گҲ䵽ֵزȫڴƣҳ˾޴֮ôӦǰⳡս
ӪڣͻȻڵ
࣬ⳡսҰܣҸоʳ˺ܻܿǨŭϣ
һ仰ԵĴޣĿгǡ
޳Ĭ¶˺ͻͬĵǡһϣͻصĿȫһ¡
˹غʹʳˣײʳ۹󽫸ϵ˹֮øҴظоⳡսָȨҲһʼ϶İ˹֣֪תƵսܶײϡ
ζ˹غʹʳ֮ˣûԭôοˣҲı
ڻǿЩʱһսֻгɹˣǺʹʳ˵˲塣ĻԺ˹ؽʧȥ˿
޳۾θӣܴЩ۸ӵϢУҪؼһ
֪ǷûУⳡսʳƣǿʵЩıǡǡǸսܶײʳеıȫ߷ޱȣҲǴʳʿԴײ˶֣
һ仰һԵĶç֧⡣
û֪ʲôǶڴ˵ǵһЩˣھѻպɽĴԮʱ˫ѾйӴڶç֧μˣ
ç֧û˵ü΢ɲĳ鴤£һ˿ʹɫ
֪˵ʲô˹ظԭǣȱһۣΪˣç֧䣬еıʧҲֱӵ˹ޱãȫ޷ʹƿ⣬ֻڸԭϲ롣
µϢç֧˵ｨһ޴սΪġԭ֮ӥǶç֧һ޷Ĩȥĳ衣
ǸˣԸδһ̣κ谭ײ
ãçָ֧ƽڿڵ
գ
ʱͻȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲޱȣӪ⴫Ӫڵܿ죬һʳڶ
˹ش࣬𣿡
͸һִʳеĲ

޵ɫ΢䣬˵
˵ĿУһëŨңӥĿǵĴʳܿ˽
࣬ܶĽսϣ˹ܹȫϣ
ʳżɽֱ˵
ˣ
仰ɫһʱɫ
ʳ˵ʲô
һԱߴһֱûô˵Ķ˼ͻȻ
ûԥʳ˼һ顣һɲǣӪն䣬϶¶һַŭɫ֪ʳ˻Ǩŭڼֻû뵽ô죬ʳ˵˼Ȼ˹شͷ󣬵ڻҡ
Щ쵰Ҳ̫ˣ
ûȴ˵ӪӶ̲סڵ
Ǵޡç֧ػǶ˼ڴӶ׵ҵῡ˵Ǹ߸ϵĶڣĴҲΪˣʳ˵Ҫ󣬲Խ޷ܡ
ٺٺ٣࣬ҪҸɵ𣿡
һħԵӶߴž¡ϵ׼ĦϵĽɫ𵶣ͻȻЦ絶ƽʳɨӣͺһϵһ
쵰ʲô
ëŨܣӥĿǵĴʳŭȻ˹ǴĦѾеͼֵ
Ħס֣

Ħɱ֮أţڿɲڧʱ
ٺ٣Ȼ󽫾ѾˣǾǿŹ֪ļһ
ĦааЦ
غž¡ϵĴ󽫾˴Ų׵Ľ飬һض˹صģԭ֪ĦȻɱԼأǶλҳϵĴ󽫾Ҳľء
޺ܿ˻֣ʳ˳ȥӪڣ˲ž˵Ŀⶼе˴ϡ
ʳ˶˹ԹԵģһӽϵĻܿȻ˫ԲͨǽĴս˫ʧô󣬵лʱ򣬴ʳ˾Ȼû˹˺ͻˡҴʳɳתҲ˵һ㡣


1095 ڶգս
࣬ô죬ѵȥʳ˴ͷ𣿡
ǰһ
ҵõ֮ҪŪ˭˹ֻײֻǰ˹ʼ˶ֻǰ˹֣ǳԴʳֵ֮ܶĻΪǻòôԴ
ç֧ҲͻȻڵɫ棬Ŀ˼⡣
ڲǿĸܶ´ʱ򣬲˭ʵѾ˰˹ֵ׿ϡʳʧ̫ϣܹϳҲ⡣Ϊ˫ĺҲΪ˻ܴͬĵˣǿⲻҪϳˣ
޳̾һ
ⳡսʵںʹ޵Ԥʮǧʳ˵ĲĵĻǶĴơ
ޣ벻㾹ȻΪСΪѣʳ˿Դ󣬿ǣϳǿǵʵǿĵ۹ɲֻдʳʹơ
һЦ˼ͻȻǰĿоâ䣬ƻ˲ͬյʳ˵˼Ҳ⣬Щڴ
ǧգñһʱȻΪѣͻ˴ͷɣ
˼һŵ
Ӫţ˿Ŷ˼һסˡ޿Ŷ˼˼㱼ʲô

һҹܿȥ˵ڶ죬ХһƬɭԶԶȥ˹⣬һ㱡İ˪϶ˡ
һʿվڸߺɪɪҲоһɺ⡣ȣԵԽĺˡʱÿȥһ죬ƺͱúһ֣Ȼûеѩʱڣ˹ѩҲûʲôˡ
ھͨʿоķˣ˹ȴһƬɱڼʼսϵı仯ûжˡ
أ
һĺŽͻȻ𣬴峿˵ĿУԭһƬžĴʳӪأһͷ˯ľްͻȻѣһӶӴʳʿѸٿʼ˹ķӿ
ϣ
˻˷źһƬ˵ĿУĸ˾޴ĺɫʳս죬峿ĺ趯Ѹŵһߵķ
ɫս£ĵ׳Ӱ׳˶ޱȣѸٵԾǰһɫӰ·˼̫һ㣬˵ע⡣
ײ
챨ˣ
һǰǵӰһʿ˸飬˲˯⾡ɫ׷ױýޱȡݣһߺȣܿһսѸٵתͷһ˹ڶȥ
ٺ٣ʳ˳ˣҲˣ
󷽣Զĵط˼΢۾бһ󾫹⣬˷ޱȡ
ݣ
˼͵һƥ˶ĺɫԣڿն̤գǰսȥ飬ãã纣ͻųһУһ·ߺţţ˷ܵĸŶ˼ȥ
໣
ƣ˻ɫǣȺӣ죬ǰȥ
߰ɣ
󷽣ޡص˴Ӷ˼ջĿ⣬һ£ܿŽӽ˹ͬǰӿȥ
֮䣬ɱŴĳ˹ƺƣɳʯһƬս
¡
ڴʳ󲻾ãΡȻʵ˹֮ǣһĸȺصĳŴ򿪣һʿĿѩʮ㣬ӳĲ˳
ײĵۼ˾ƾɣ˸оһǧͲε־ؿ߿©һǳӡǣıǵݡ

Ĵսʧ٣һҹǾ񣬻ڵָ۷״̬
¡¡ĺڼ󷽣̍еıͦΣӶĴӳԴԴϵ˳ڴ󷽣塢ϡ֥ǧȴƵͳ˧
壬Щԣʳ˽űЩͬ
֥ӳʻֻǿһۣ΢΢üͷǱܣ֥оűЩ΢ı仯
ǺǣǰڲµǸѾЧͻҪ׼ϳˣ
ֻһۣЦ
սʳʧ̫ײͰ˹Ӧö˼ڻˡ
ڻң
֣֥ü
˼
嵭ȻһЦ
أ
ԶĺŽУײ˷׷ͣңңţɱޱȡΪ˧ײ˹ֺ塢֥ˣҲĿңңԣбŷƥĹâ
еĿУ󲿷ֶϵ壬ʳսײڶע⵽λĴ˧
壬ѾΪǵжд̣һսҪСˡ
֥ͻȻʧЦ
ǺǣǾɣֻǹҵսס
嵭ȻһЦ
仰Χ˶Ц书ߵģķ֮ǿ»ûмܱȵײɱ˵ˡοа˺˴峤ڣײͰ˹ҪôҲᡣ

һսȸɵǸСӣ
˶Զݺݵ
ܲˣһսǸи֥ģȫ
䣬˹ǰ̤ɫ
Ȼս˻ʤƻԶûô޴󣬴ʳӵϵľƣҴʳĽ죬ûȫ֡
˹֣ʧѾˣ˹˺ͻϰɡǵһ˵ķâϾǶǶľӣ
һ仰˹һԵİ˹֡ˣ˹ҪĸˣҲʵִߣ˹˺ͻǱȻá
ţ
˹ֵ˵ͷйһ
֪ͨͻʺ˹ǣ׼жɣ

ʳһѸٵͷȥ
ɳľɳˣjͣڸõǳʱˡȥбȫ߳棡
һ࣬յʳ˵Ϣ˼Цһ벻⣬вû˿η壬¶һ˿ڴ
ӵֵҲһ£ʱ䣬˼ҹ󷨣ѾһЩ˽⣬ͬʱҲһЩԭȣڣ˼κζ֡
ǧñһʱڵ˹սڶ˼ļƻУͻʳ̨˼Ҫ̨չʾͻʵǿҲͻʺպ£ںʹʳ˵жһݵûᡣ


1096 ͻ
໣
һ໽쳹գȳģǶ˼ãã纣涼˼ͻʴԭϵɫǡ
ʯ䣬̳֪ȺţȺӣȿֺһߡȺ󷽣ͻʿһŵ˷ܵĴţŵһӿȥ

ӿ󲻾ãͻȻ֮һը˵ĿУЩͻϿգͻȻƻۣգ֮ͶһƬӰеͻʱС
¡¡ԶԶȥͻʵĴϿգƷ֪дӿ产ˡЩƳֵͬʱеͻͺ˼Ѫһٶȡݣֱӱһء
һĻ˹֡˹ǵµ˶Ϊ֮ݡƾͻһɲǱֳʵ´ʳҲò࿴Ŀ֡
쵰Ȼʵ
һĻɣҰһ˿ŭɫ
ϴպɽĴԮʱҪ֣һȴ׾ֱʱʹ
˼ҪʱʹãҪȻΪ˼Ϊʲôôء
޿ǰһƽ
Ҫһˣ
˼װɵѾһ磬֪ĿģֻΪױŪŪڹ֮䡣ˣڴǰ˼û˿ܿԣڶ˼еܺͼȫۻ
߰ɣҲ׼ְɣ
һܿǰȥ


ƺƣɳʯĳ飬˴ڸ֮ǽϣǵأӿȺ¶һ˿Цݡ
ӣ˼ȻҵԸңȤ
忴Ŷڣ۵糸ͻʴ¶һ˿Ȥζɫ
һǰµӣڿҶ˹ʵھ͵ջʱˡ
Զ̳˼ȺʹһԽԽ˼һѡĽλǳǡǡǴܵش䴩вٵĸǽײɣŤŤڶûг׵޸
Ǵ
һĻҲòһ˼ĽƻѾ뵽κһĻᣬֻҪ־Ϳ϶˼ΪͿռˣǾǴشˡ
׼䣡
Ѧǧ׼ϳ
ǣĩ
Ѧǧ΢΢һЦƺϵһĻһ֮Ѹ뿪
Ƭ֮һ֧ɰǺ»Լʿ϶ɵĶ飬Ѹٵ
쵰ʲô˼ѵΪͿսʤҵĴ𣿡
˼Ӹ£һĻвȻŭ
߾ѧҲоӵһ󣬾ʵͻȻҪһ֧ں֮ԸԼľӣö˼оһ衣
Ϊĳʧɺϣııԣ½֪ʣҪԼ
ߣ֪ͨɳľɳ˺ͳjͣɱЩƵľӣ䴩ʿһ
˼һݵ
ԶսһĺУ飬ӽʮɫŴƵ˶δɫѾȫսͻ˵ǰ棬ͬʱҲͻ̽Ƶ
˼ûдʳɫޣ޷赲Ƶĳ󣬲һжҪЩãã纣ɫǣõĻݡ
׼
ţ
ۿЩɫԽԽܹ֫һʯͻҳŵİɫԼ˳ŷˮû˿ԥһĻУеĸǽȫǰķѿѨһļ飬Ų˳
ʮɣʮɣʮɡ
䣡䣡䣡
Ƶһ޴ĸǽľޣֻһɲ˲Ϣ³ļꡣЩ̼ǵأɽ˲串ǰеɫǡ
أ
һƥɫܲһ̼˲䴩ڵϣƥƥƥƵɫǱ긲ǣıڵء
׼ţ
ڶڶܼȣأȺĲҽԽһƥƥɫΪٶ̫죬ڱ䴩֮Źһ̳ҳʮԶͣ£Ѫڴʡ
˼װĿյҳ壡
ɳľɳǰϵһγ
˵ķ乥濴ͣÿ֮һ㣬ʵԶûô¡ȻֲÿװҪʱ䡣֮װյͻ˹ʱ
ˣ׼ӭӱ¾˰ɣ
ɳľɳ˷ϣбɱ
ʿյĿ࿴ͻ˽ʱյʵֻҪĸߣôȴЩ˵ľŽʱһ㱻¾ˡ
ڹȥսͻһֱڱѹƵ״̬ڣͻüһѩǰܵʱ
¡¡ڴ任Ŀյӽͻţɱ
ɱ
ɱ춯أ֪ͻʵսʿһɲǣŴ
䣡
װܿһУܼȵļ꣬ٴκХһǰɫԽԽ٣һ߻׵ʱɫȺѾ֮࣬˿ֲɱΧЩȺܵĸоһЩ־壬ɱȥɳľɳ˵ǰȺ˲ϡ˼㡣
ֶܣ
ڼ̵ɲǣɳľɳ˷ϣһȣѸٴץһѴܣǰͬһʱ䣬ɳľɳˡjԼͻ¹⻷Ƶʰ˼㡣ס
䣡
Ҳɳľɳ˺ͻ׼ͬʱǵصļк£ɳľɳ˵˵Ĵϣȫ
ϣ
ʱһҵ˻ޱȣһ㣬ս𡣲˻ȴɳľɳ˵˵սġ
ʯ䣬ɳľɳ˷·ʲôһ͵̧ͷͿһƥ׳˶ĺɫսߺ˳һݣ˲Ծ𣬳ɳľɳ˵˳
ĳźţ˲Ϣ䣬սǰͺ̣糱ˮһ㣬ӵһߵȱں󣬷ӵ
ʲô
һĻɳľɳ˺ͳjʹһȺɹӶʹƾӻϵں֮ڣȻ뿪ߣ֮ǰġ
ɵǣ
һɲǣɳľɳжܵŭ


1097 ս
һ·λڶ·λ·Ǭλ·λһж֮ǰûУ
ĸߺѦǧŶͻʴһ˷ܵзݣƺȻƣѦǧоһдЦ
Ҹүȼı˼ǲûֻһ
ѦǧͷһŶݺԾȥԣѶɡԿ֮ӿһѦǧԲӭɳľɳˡjͶȥ
Ǭ롭ķλͼĹӶԴ˼һ֪ÿӶĶ飬˼ƵʿЩƵʿѡ񹥻λá
䣬ֻ̳ɱ춯أһİǺ͸»ԼʹʿɵĻ϶飬Ծ˵ٶȳͻɱȥ
أͻȻɱһƥɫܲһƥսӭͷײϣӲݺ̤ھǵĶͷϣֱӽƥǵͷ̤飬һˤڵϣһ
ͬʱУһӹգһƥеľǡܾѾ֪ǰΣգ𲱾˷Ӧǳˡһƥɫеĳ롣
һƥƥƥǧľǵءʹţһƻĳɾɺƺƵҵĴȺڵֵסеĿ־壬һƥƥ޶ɢ
һΣ֧ƵĻͻʴ֮ǰʱûκ谭Ҫǣ˫ٶȶ˼ޣұ˴֮ľʮɡ
¡
ײϵɲǣֻһ춯صľ졣ɳľɳ˺ͳj;㵵ĿУը죬֧Ƶġں֮ڡϿգһۼȻҲֳˡ󡱡
ܣ
쵰
һĻɳľɳˡj˲̼ܵ˳ķŭȻûȵӦ¡һƵĻಿӷֳ֧߰飬ݺݵײͻʵС
һСһһһǿƬ˹սϣһηǰδеļս
һɲǣʱ·ֹ˼ޡءç֧Զײ˹֡˵Ҳһ˹
ֹ϶ǿڴʳ˵Ҳǿ
ھͿĽˣ
Хһǰ͸֥ͬķһ˿Ĺâ
¡
˵ʱʱ죬·һ޸գ˵ĿУ֧ײɲǣͻͷϿֵͻȻһΪ漴˺Ƭ˲Ϣ䣬ʧ١

Զ˼һĻ˫۱˺Ҫͣˡ˴ľ°ӳ±Ǻ̸УҪʹ޹ĶǣòײôҲû뵽һɲǣͱ˳׹ơ
һɲǣ˼еҰģȫΪӰ
ȻһУֻǿʼ
󷨱ƵɲǣֻһĲҽУͻϢң֧ƻಿӵĳ£׷״׹ԭΪʵ˲ȫ䡣
ֹˣ󷨱ڵϢʱܵɣ޷άԭľΪһΪµеҲҴܣԴĳ棬޷мܡ
飡飡飡
ʯ䣬棬һҽ֪ͻ׹£ĵһĨӣѪǧǧǧͻڶ̶̼ڣ˵ʹﵽһ˵ĵز
쳷
Ŷвϴʬ׹ɳľɳ˵׶Ťˡ
ͻʺսʣµıֻܹ򲻵һʧ˰ǧˣͻ˵Ǹش
ϣ˻һƬҡ
Զ˼ɫѱѿޱȣϸȥ֪ԽԽΪҲ
ҲͻһƬܵʱͻȻһ󼱴ٵ
ɱ
ɳľɳˡj͵ֻ֮䣬ƺƵ֪˹صıӺ󷽳ɱֻһɲǣͳؿռ䣬ݺݵײƵӪ֮С
ɵǣ
Ӷס¡˴ţ˲˴Ƶķڡ
ЩҴῡܻ;УһѾֿ֣ĵ͸ƿնΪһâݺնڴƷڡ
䣬ֻһ춯صıըڵĺ£֪ٴսʿը÷
̳ضɽҡǵصĴʳҲƺƵɱ
ȥսͷܶЩȫٳɱʳÿһһǿҵӾһ̾ӹߣһ̤Լϡ
һĻɫ˲
ͻ˺˹˶ڴʳ˵ֻⳡսĿθˣңʳҲûҪǡ
׼
ǰһӣ´
ɲǼ䣬һĻ𡣵һǰǧܴƳһſ׼˷Ĵʳˡ
ߵطеı͸λԴ
ţ
һ£պɽһӣٴαѾǴƳսϵһĲΪ֮־岻ѡ
飬ֻһգۣﱻ˴һ䴩ȻǺ󷽵սʿûзŻٶȣȫԸøֶδ̼սٶޡ
ûа취ЩƳôõķʽǽʱ̵ޣڳʧ
¡¡Ĵʳսһ߾ʬ壬Ծ˵ٶȣ
׼
ХսϵԽԽţǰͷҲص
ĩ
һ͸ս⡣
һƥߴսͦأԥϵĳǧųУһȫͬһĴ󹭰㣬ʱ׼ɱ
ĴսһͬʱӦľ³һսʧǧһܵôشˣΪֵͬ˾޴شֻ߲١

ǧ㣬˲Ϣһ¡¡һɲǣض·ѿˣûȶıӦǧѾӵһߺԾݺݳ漸ʮʳС

˲Ϣ䣬ǧеĴʳ׷ֽƬ㱻ײɳȥǧԼʮԼĶ֣ϾȻ˿塣
ǧˣǧˣǧˣһˡЩһĴʳǧǰȻһ̶ֻʱڣʳ˾˽ӽһȴûʲôĳ£ʳһƬҡ
ˣϳˣ
˹ֿԶйâһͻȻڵ


1098 սҰһ
ߣ˵Ҳף
˿Զбŷ󺮹⡣
λǳֺϴһͷҰɣ
˷ģξٳ
һͻȻ󣬷ͷ˵仰͵һ֣ǧľӱԶɱȥ
һǵһǣһαɱֲһΣЩٳðԼѡԲá
ɣҰҲɣ
۹·˷ʳ˲Ÿոƶע⵽ˡ
һսȻǴʳ֮սͬҲϵ˹صˣֻʤܰܣ
ĩף
ɣҰ˵תߣֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һƥսǧ³ǰȥ
ǧ³սֻʣǧˣʧν޴ǻɣҰʼʱû뵽ġףǶ
ڻɣҰУͱһŭ𣬶ԽԽûд޵Ҳһ취ϳ
˹غʹƣ³˫ⳡսԶûн
һ࣬ľ³Ķǧͬȥ
ɱЩͽ
ɱ춯أ³ľ֧սһʱ򣬴ƵķѾ츲صı仯
䣬ԽԽĴʳؿռ䣬ͬʯһ㣬ײڴƵĸϡƷܵѹʱָ
İӳ
ԽԽĴʳɫ侲һӣԥ´ǧİսʿ߾İǽѸǰƽ
һսǴƻǴʳ˫Ͷ˴ľ񲿶ӣͬʱ˫˾޴ˣİӸһսУһǧˡ
ˣǧ˵İӵŲСսֿµĳǴʳʡ
磡
֣
𣡡
ɽ

һĴǧİѸ뿪ߣŶãã纣Ĵʳȫͦ
䣬ĺУһİűĹâϵػ£ۣ״ҡǧǧһ򡭡ǧİսʿһ̤սͷӳױȵĿɱֻιսϾѾ˽ӽһĴʳʬ壬ֻڼӡ
ǿµոЧʣʹսѸٳִƬĿհסǧİսʿͺս䣬Ч˿ɱ¾ĳ̶ֳϣİӵɱЧʣ󳵲ӻҪ¡
򵥵һ㣬İӸκİÿһλ£ضһֱɱ˵Ŀܡ
ǵ£һ£ѪźηϳҲֵǵĲˣ
˹ֿԶͻȻڵ
ǣˣ
ǵӦһܿתȥ
սٶȱ컹Ҫö࣬ƵİѾϳʳĶҲϳˡҪ˶ãǰ˹ֺͰ˹ȶ󽫳֣սʱˡ
׼һ£ϳˣ
һֱעŶĸ˺ɫµİ˹ֵˣǵ¸ո뿪ѾµҪʲôˡ
ⳡսֻʤܣһʼʳˣԲֹͣս췽棬Ϳˣ
尲˼񣬺ܿŤͷֳ־Ѫս죬࣬һĺڼ
ڼأ巢ûϢʱ䡣ܳԷϢӲ¿סƽʱҲ˵˹ս;Ѫս⣬Ӳ졣Ӵôã֪ʥģʥߵһ֪ʲô֪
µĽչҲ֪ѡ
ڣ
ڼǰһֻ˵˰˸֡
仰͸֥΢ж͸һ˿صɫ
ˣ
ǶԺڼʱ˿̵ڹͣݡ䡢޹ؽҪڵмֵΪػѪս졣
¡¡սԽԽǧѪڳսٱƽ
ܿ죬ھһ߻ʮɵʱͻȻһ죬˼һȣǧսʿһ¶¸ǽӵ
ۣһؽ̳߰գ֮䣬Ĵʳ׷׵£ѪѪڿѸ
ߣǴƵĶţ
֣ǰĴʳһƬңرЩʶɱˣһǿ־ޱȡŸո̤ǽ֮ʱһƬɧҡ
䣡
̤ߺ󲻾ã󷽣һ˾޴ս죬ͨĳֲ֪Ľͳɣ͵һ£ݺݲڵϡ
һɲ˷ҡضҡ˹սԪ仯һɺƴ󡢹ϡǿƥ˲ȫ
Ŀûע⵽ĵطһȦεͬһ㣬ɢѸٷ䣬ӳֵǧĽ¡
ˣ˵ĿУһ⻷ȫӳֵĽ¡ʵǵ⼶⻷ļӳ£ȫϢˮǴߣ˲һ̶ֻʱ䣬һ侪˵ĵز
ϡ
һ쳹աɲǼ䣬ֻһؽѸٻͬͨͨһһȴеӰ
ٶȿ쵽˼飬ৣֻһͽһʳնΣƲЪ˳ڶնΣ޴ǵʬ׳ʮԶ
ɱ
ǧսʿ˴ĬĿһۣӿŲƻ˶Ĵʳ¡¡Уÿһսʿӵв˼ľõ⻷ļӳ֣ʱɱ񣬷ɱҡ

һֻŵĽ쳹սڶǧƵĴʳĳ£׷ֽƬЩսҲ赲סǹơ
ɱֻǧ˵вĴʳˮ˷
һʵǿսʿȫͬݺһ㣬ײɳȥǧؽţһδλÿһλ˱гΣ֫ϱۣ衣
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ǧĸʬҰ޵һ㡣
ܣ
ǲҵĳȺУɱѪţһʧɫ
ļսҲ֣Ǹʱһʵķ֮ڣԶԶûдﵽֲֿľ硣ǱֳЩѪľ֮⣬ͨľǵĶ֡
ӿٶȣɵǣ
ǧѪŵսʿӿŲȥ
Ǻǣ϶֣
սϣ̰Ǵ˼ոսһʳΣʮԶԶĶЦһתͷ
ɱǣ


1099 սҰ
δ䣬˼󲽣ӭŶѪŶȥʮɣɣɡ¡
֧ľţҵײһ𡣾˵ĿУһѪŵսʿཻϿֲڿն𣬳Զɶȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ۣѪŵսʿᵲͼסĹʵ൱һӦмסĹȻǰһΣ˿գЩıؽ͸ض룬һľʹؿڴ
⡭ⲻܣǵĽôܿô࣡
һѪսʿԺͷ˲ǰһڣ׷ֱľ׮㣬صڵϣһ
飬еֲµĳûг֣ƬƬѪսʿϵ£ֻһ棬Ѫŵʹǧ½һǧңһڳ½
ô£
ǵʲô
Զĸ˺ɫս£˹ͰʳĶͳ˧˶ˡ˹һֱŴݡ򶨵ɫʱҲ͸˼𺳵ɫǰһֱ˵ĴʳսײҲ΢ɲһüͷ
֪ͨηżӿٶȣѪţһɵǣ
˹˫ü壬ԥĸ壬߽ƾѪŵʵ޷սʤԸôƣɸȥѹԷ
ȥ
ԶջĿ⣬ԥ
ǣ
һδ䣬һ̳Ѹٳ󱼳۶ȥ
Ƭ֮ϣ˸һǧ˰ųУһ֣룬±ǿϢսеĻҪңԭǧֻʣһǧ˰ˡˣ֧ɱżǿս
䣡ո´еעǰ̤ĲǰɲǼ䣬ضҡһǧ˰˵ƾȻ֮˻ҪӴǹƾޱȡ
ৣһִ࣬Ѫսĺڼһ۲Զǧ͸ڵĴһ͵ͬһʱ䣬һĹ⻷ޱȣͻȻǧ£⻷ļӳ£ʵ˲伱ٰ
ֹˣڵһ⻷ֵɲǣգ֮䣬Ŵչŵڶ⻷ȫӵϡ
䣡
ͬս⻷ټĹ⻷ߵ⻷ӳ𵴣˷һֻ̣һ춯صľ죬ǧֳֳ̤Ĳһ㣬Ѹٴһ¶¸ߴĸ֮Ǻ̤˳
ɱ
û˿ԥӭĴʳǧëϷХصɲǼ䣬ѪɽĲҺУըĴʳĽ±գ֫ϱ衣
Ŀ꣬ηţ
ڴǰͳ죬ͬʱҲǱͥ󶼻˼˳µ׼壬ֳֳеηǰ˹ǿľţ֮ѪŻҪǿ󣬻治һηŵĶ֡
ս൱һ־ɥ֧ηŵС
ǴһʱһʱڵٶȡݻǱһأԭͬն
Ϊ˴ܶ
ɵǣ
ӿսУһηŵսʿѸע⵽˴ӳǽɱ񲻳šǱǳȥģʱı⣬һȺӿƵ糱ˮһ㳯ɱȥ
ϣѪھ뻹ɵĵطһηŵսʿ΢˫һѩ䵶ǰżȥ
Щ䵶ӹգļµгһĵۡηŶ䵶ʹѾﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĵزǵ䵶ǰ񶹸һпսУ൱һִƵĶӶηŵС
岽
䣡
һ䵶գ͵նһ£һ䵶磬ݺݵնͷ­ȺŸոտӰʱʳ䵶˸Ĺâ˲ǰ಻磬ֻҪһ룬սʿͻ׷룬ѳΡ
Ȼηսʿֵɲǣ䣬âһһؽ֮ƣѸٻͷ­ĳһ䵶ϵĵ˲䵲סиɴ䣬ޱȣηսʿһ
սУҲ˽֣Էٶȸûô죬ڣЩٶȿȻηŻҪ졣
ߣԾ𣿡
ʯ䣬սʿЦһȻ˫Բͨеﶼб¶
䣡
δ䣬һ̣һӴɽսʿĳұֻһ죬ηŵսʿ˲䱻Īܵľ޴ɳȥֹҪסΣȻɳ߰˲Զ
һɲǣηŵսʿ˲ɫ
ʱˣɵǣ
һͺԱߴһսʿ񣬷׷׳ЩηŵսʿȥʿյĿ࿴Ȼ֮ǰ˹ڵڶʱѾΣʵսʩչȻеսʿеǰδеܡ
䣡
ǳصؽϻ£һδκʹʳ˵䵶ײбŷĻ𻨡Ĵ̶쳹սֻһɲǣ˹ֵԤηѹûз෴ٵų׵ս࣬ηεĿơ
ɽһؽ籩һĹٶȣηѹƵĽڽڰˡۣһηŵսʿӦе䵶սʿľ𿪣Ŵ֣һطĽڿлһ⣬˲ŵѪζһ㣬һ͸ηսʿ壬һѴ̴
ܣ
ηŵսʿͷȫĶ˲䶨ȻصȥһֱţȻַʽЩ
ڼԽԽηսʿ̵¡
ηţһɵЩˣ
һӴʳţų˶ҪƵηŤתܾ֡Ȼһ̣кһԭһηսʿͻȻŤͷ飬һ̤ѿսʿһ㣬һڣѸӴʳ˹ȥ
䣬ؽֿ͵һ˴նһʳ壬һһֳĶΣ׹ڵءսʿ˿ۣͣһ̤͵һ̴һƥʳսĲĽ˳ƴ̴ϴʳͷ­һն¡
ۣһ粽˲նɱڶʳŵֻϣУһʳɵĶ׷ױɱʬˣ˵ڵϡ
ɲǼ䣬ΧһƬžսʿսѪΧеĴʳȫ¶ηɫЩηŵսʿΪ֮ݡ
ⲻսɱ
ЩսʿӡеѾȫͬ


1100 ̥ǵĴƾӣ
ɱ
Χɱ춯أ󷽡ࡱĴʳ˻ţ̤һɲǼ䣬˻عսٴαòп
ⲻܣԲܣ
Զ߸Ʈĺɫս£ǵȫһĻˡηŵͨһпҵս¹˵ʵͶɵģһڵأѻΪǿ֣֤ηŵʵжôǿ
ڣηžȻǰ׵ѹƣһԶ٣ôû뵽ġ
ʶǵŤͷǰİ˹֡
˹ֳĬͦǵ¿Ըое˿Լ
˹µĶͷšᲮ˹ȫɳȥ
˹ͻȻתͷһԵĿܶ˹
ţ
˹˵ͷû˿ԥͰ˹ֺ꣬λѵסʳе˵ĸ䣬һжսʤΪĿġЩƶӵʵѾǿ£ΨƲսʤ֡
ͷšᲮ˹ų
˹عͷһ߸٣ԥ
ǣ
ٹһѸȥֻƬʱ䣬죬֧Ѹٳǰӿȥ
ȵᲮ˹źͶͷ뿪˹ջĿ⣬ĬƬ̣ܿŤͷǰսܶײ
գһ̣ڰ˹˺ǵ֣صĿУ˹ͻȻŲײ˹ȥ
ײˣܷ鷳㽫Ѫ޾źɳ
˾ȵĿУ˹ֶײһ
ײͰ˹ֵĹϵ֪Բôĺ֮ǰ֮ͻ˭Ҳû뵽˹־ȻײǰһƵķ䡣
Ȼ˾ȵĻײ̬ȡ
ԣ
ײŶսڵԤϵƽͣȻ˿ûг䰬˹֡
󣬾޴ĺɫս£˹ˡǵ£סˡ
¡¡
εľȣһ̣̳Ѫ޾š֧̣ܿƺƵĳŶսȥ
̍׼
ĶͷšᲮ˹šѪ޾šŲŸոһ֣ԥ

һ漴𶯣һ֧֧ǰƶ
սԤеûҪ죬ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬غ֧ʳĶžѾϵսᲮ˹ſܶ˹֮һϴǵĶİӣֻһǵĶַ˱仯
䣡
Ხ˹ųֵɲǣһ֧ԽӵһǽѸ˳ȥ
ϣĵн֯һ𣬱ŷĻ⡣ɳĵ֧ǹɲǼ䣬ݺᣬᲮ˹ŰٶȱĶҪöࡣ
һֱȻǷ㣬սʧеĻҪءڣ⻷ϵȱѾõֲ
䣡
⻷𵴣һᲮ˹սʿµĺɫ⻷תɢĹǼתĹ⻷ײڵϣֻһ죬˹սʯɵļӲ·𶹸һ㣬ѸѿѺۡᲮ˹ŵսʿڹ⻷ļӳ£һͷԱ
Ხ˹ŵĹǴʳǿģǶʱڵıٶȣȴʳһġηţҲⷽᲢۡ
İǧˣд붼ǱᲮ˹ֶʱڵĿֲɱᲮ˹ŵı֮ǿڳֵɲǣİϼӲ׶ķѡ
ȻһΣᲮ˹ŵսʿ˲䱬ҪͬһѸ˺ǰʱͣһĽͻȻڿеһ¡
һ̣Ხ˹սʿͷ­߸߷ֱһ̣֪׷ʲôϻűǰһ̵ı顣
ĳٶȣս⻷ļӳ£ѾﵽĵزЩᲮ˹սʿұʱ򣬶޷֮ȡ
ۣۣۣ
ٶȿ쵽£һխխĳбµֻһѪ䣬գ֮䣬һ棬߰Ხ˹ŵʿ촦սʿУڼ
䣡
ȫʱһᲮ˹ŵսʿ΢ȫͬԵް㣬һսʿȫԸǰĵˣзɲǣ͵һݺݵĺ󱳡Ხ˹ŵͱһȥǸҪըѡ
Ȼâһڳеɲǣ⻷Уһ⻷ͻȻâǣ͵ػסսʿ塣ս͹⻷𵴵ɲǣзһ͵͵˻ϸȥսʿĺ󱳣ȻԳһ׹Ӱ
һĻԶĴޡ˼ء˹֡˵˶ǻһе⻷֪ΪʲôȻϡ
䣬˲飬ͬǵ⻷Ҳһ𱻷顣Ხ˹սʿһ޴һϵĿףͬʱ͵ݺݵɳȥ
Ȼֻսʿ۳һѪɳɺѸٵֹסΣ͵ػعͷݺݶ͵ϮᲮ˹սʿ

һһɹƥĽѸٵϮᲮ˹ŵսʿֻ֮һĲҽУᲮ˹ŵսʿ촦һССһĽ
ⳡսķչڴʳ˵֮ǰû뵽ģû֪ʲôššŵʵĿõġ
󷽣˹֡˹˵ɫѿ˼㡣
Ϊ˴ʳ
һսϻ졣ʳ˵ĶӻԴԴϵĸᲮ˹֮󣬵֧Ӷͷţܿս֧Ԯ

ǰֵĶͷţͷҲص
źͶͷ޵ˣսУͷʧأʧءڵţѾԶԶڶͷţɳŵʱû˿ԥ
䣡
֮󣬷ǿĲѸٵͦս֮С
һڶ⻷ļӳ£ʵǣֻܹʣǧ˵籩һ㣬ݺݵײ˶Ķͷš
ɱ
Ϊ˴ƣ
ɱЩͽ

֧ͬʱ绢ŶԷɱȥ⽣Ӱ֯һƬսϿջص
䣬⻷⻷ȳ𵴣ը̳
ȻֻƬʱ䣬ֻһ಻ϵľ죬֧ľӺܿʤһͷսʿս⻷飬ǵڶ


1101 ޵У
ֻһ棬ɰǧĶͷţս⻷Ѥõıը
ӴĹ⻷ȺǶͷֶĴʳӣҲȫ޷֮⡣⻷飬Ҳ֮֡
ۣһѸٲͷŵսʿڣγ϶ʱ˴Ƭͷսʿʬ塣
ֲսʣԶİ˹ֺͰ˹˶Ƥֹ
ھͿײľˣ
ʯ䣬ԺйâһͬʱǰѪ޾źš
֮ܶУײľʵǿģײһֱӽӰǧɱǧˡ
ҪܴƵ֧ӣǵķأҲֻܿײˡ
׼ǿĶˣ
Զһ¶ΡȻʵĸǽйâһͻȻڵ
еĴʳУʳսײ֧ӣһֱصע
Ŀǵأãã纣Ĵʳһ۾ͿȺмǰѪ޾źţΧľȣ֧ȺϵϢɽʹһ㣬ȫ޷ӡ
֧ıƽսԽԽţĿ׷Ҫƾֻ֣пײľӡֻӶ޷սϣʳ˾ͳ׵ʧˡ
ֹˣսռƾͿЩľסײ˹ֵȴʳĶ۹󽫣ЩľǵʵӶΪԼᡣ
һЩľŰΧĹ˵ײֽӴ΢ǿڶꪳɳ
ûκεĵ۹󽫿ƾһ֮Կʮ˵Ӵţ
ţ
սɲǣ߸ƮĴʳս£ײͻȻˡ
ˡ˹һ㵣漴ʲô¶ӵɫ
ѵЩͽľǿֵزײ޷սʤǣûȵһʤǰɳǿš
ĩ
һײδ䣬һײߵ׼Ѹȥ
ҲײǱߵĶսǰߣӴѪ޾źţƺƵһĸһ㣬Ѹٳǰսҵĵطȥ
׼
һ쳹գϣһľ죬һ̍ͼսʿѸٵİγǰĽֱա
ɲǼΧžһƬ¡
棬زԽԽң˵ĸ֪УǿϢ籩㣬ڼٵĽӽ͸ǽԶԶȥ֮ǰͷܶĴʳϷһƮѪһŸܵĺɫԾ˵ٶȽӽ
壡
һʯ쾪ǧ̍սʿƼžƻ߾ųȴһ¶¸߸ߵĸǽ˳
ǳͬʱ󷽣ڼֳ־Ѫս죬͵һӣɲǼ𶯣һεŵرɢ˲ӳֵ̍ϡ
ϣ̍Ĺ⻷˲һӵߵԭʵѹηŵ̍ڵõ⻷ļӳ£һŵĵز

ֻһĲҽУһһʳҽһ˴һ̍սʿʮɵĸ߿ա
󣬵ڶ֪ٴʳ̍Ĺ·׷׷ա
Щʳ˴ǧأǧ̍ǰȴƮƮķ·ûһ
ֹˣЩ̍սʿڳֵɲǣڰԵ͵Ѿ͸Щʳڡ
ڽЩʳϸ߿յɲǣЩʳʵѾ
䣡
ǧ֪֮̍ٴʳǽ¡
һ̍ȡ˺֮ǰȻͬĲԣûѡȴѪ޾źŷ˽
Ȼֻǧˣǹƴݿ࣬ңǧ˵ľӱƣ˵ľӻҪӴ
ҺûиɵЩʳˣ˭Ҳ׼ˣ
һ˻쳹أ̍ͳη˫ֳֽһɾɱΪثս鼫ḻϽηѾܾûǿĶˡ
Ǹ߾ˡˡͻˣǰ˹ˣ̍ǰֻи
Щʳˣȴ̍һθоʲôСͬҲ̍Ϊث£ŵİɱ
ɱ
ǧ뱬һ춯صŭǿҵɱǵأնŤˡ
ɱУ̍սʿХŴʳ˳ɱȥ
ɵǣһ
ͬһʱããĴ֮УɽѪ޾Ҳо̍ٱƽϢǧ˵ľӼӿŲ̍ȥ
ʮɣʮɣɡ
¡
˵Ŀע£羪İ֧͵ײһû˿һɲǵײ·һսӹ˵ĺɱײս˻ȫѹȥ
ؽ䵶ײһǳصÿһ˶ľѣ·ǵɽײһ㡣
ƺʹʳ֧ǿľţ·ֻһɲǣֺͣһֻ̣һ춯صı漴ıա
飡
Ѫ޾սʿһ׹أս˲һƬڡ
ƣ
ƣ
ƣ

޾Ļ쳹أ̍쳹սĿⳡսеĴƾһʿ
ʳ˷棬һܵ޴𺳡
ϣһҪѹǣ
ĴʳУһĻһŵͳĿкһѸٺǰȥĿֱָ̍
һ
ǽ󷽣һǧ༫ʼεĶŶţżٳɲǣеļ߾ٳһ¶¸ߴĸǽӿ
¡¡
ãã纣ŷײ̍ɲǣһǧͬԾ˵ٶȣصײ˹ȥ
ϣʯӰֻܼĵײһʱ䲻֪ײɳȥҲ֪ٵ˵ڵϣɵѪһ
̍ͼһɱ˶ģԼĶ֣ռƵһȴ׵ı̍ͼ
飡
һŵսʿԾ˵ٶȳȻûпͱһ˲̴ϥǡڵϵɲǣһ˲̴ţʬݺݵضڵϡ
ͣһֻѸٵ̤£սʿؿϣһ̰γ˫ʬ壬ǰȥ
ٶȡԼϣų׵ˣǼ̍ڸʵϣѾȫš
˵Ŀע£֧⣬ԻͲãߵ⻷ͬһ޸ڻҵսУҲѪ޾źпٳһһͨ
̍ͼڽʤѪ޾źȴڽڰˡ
˰٣һǧһǧ壬ǧײֻľӣԾ˵ٶǣ֧ƾɵķߣʱűˡ


1102 Ѫս
գ
Ѫ޾źսʱԶһ̳̳·ҫɫеսʿս籩һ㣬ϯ
үţ
ֻǿһۣɫ΢䣬͵Ťͷ
ȻõʥľѪս죬ʵǶŵĿս˶¡
鷳ˣ
ͻȻŤͷڼ
ʲôû˵ֻ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
䣬˵ĿУڼֳ־Ѫս죬͵һ̤һɲضɽҡضΪ֮Ʊɫ
˵ĿУڼ󲽣һ뿪˸ߣǰҵսȥ
̤ʱ̍ͺڼеľѪս׷˸Ӧߵ⻷;Ѫսγһ塣
׵̤һߣڼһ٣͵ͣͷһİ󶼻֥
Ҳɣ
֥⣬ھŴһơ
һû˿ԥһǧ߰ٶھŵսʿУӵһߺ̤˳ȥ
ڼ׻еľѪսһΣɲǼ䣬һε˲ᴩеھսʿ
ϣһĽУһǧ߰ٶھŵսʿϢǡ
ģͬս⻷ɫ죬ˮкһ㣬ھսʿϱѸٵĲǽ¡
ֻգۼ䣬еھսʿȫ뵽˾Ѫս£е̍Ϊһ塣
ո£֧ľŻӦΧžѪս죬γһɭϵӴ󷨡
ˣ
֧Ӽ룬ȫ̤һߣɲǼ䣬Ʊã֧ŵϷӰ
ڤڤһϵĽɫޱʮ׸ߣͻȻ֮УϸȥɫľޱϿصĺɫġ
壬̺ĳ־ԶĹ֣еκֶȻͬϵ÷·ʷҪƳ
ڽɫޱĵײˣâ֣˲Ϣ䣬һʮɳľХŽɫޱŴ⣬ãã纣Ĵʳ
𣡡
ûκεǷԲǧڣ˶жһ쳹صľ
ÿ˴ĵԱܵĸеһη塣
ϣû˿ףһƥƥʳս·ܵ޴ľһͻȻ侪˻ţ
쵰ô£
оս춯һʳ󾪲ѣ׷ôʳ
Ѫս죬սΪķһͻγɵԷԲǧеս࣬á
ϣһ˲䣬ֻΧսԾײһʱΧһƬҡ
ȻٵѪ޾źŵĶ֣Ȼٷеͽ
¡¡УΪ׵ͳ˧Ѹٵķ
ͳ˧Ŀ࣬ҵҪ߳һͷ˵ĻϬĿ⣬ֻһɲǼ䣬ѾƶԴ˵Ĳԡ
еľУ̍ͼΪǿŷеĲ൱ļ򵥴ֱ
ֻҪɵ֣⣬ǿ֧ӣԶԶֵľġʿɼĴоս
ŵǿۡ
ϣһŵսʿν֣ɫؽֱܼ֣ա

һɫؽ봹£гǹһ㣬бָǰ׼ǰںѪ޾ԼŻս̍ͼ
һɲ󡣵ųɲǣսıķӿǧų纣һ㣬ǵأɽŵսѹȥս˲ֻʣǳص
׼
Ǽٵǧ̍ȻûпŽӽɲǣܵĸоһǿҵΣգһдݣǧʱдΪ衣
ͬһʱ䣬Ѫս£еսʿһһǽŨҵĵطͫ˲Ѫ죺
ţ
һսʿеȻʼʱûзֱսеսʿ֪֧ʳӵ֡
ǧںͶͷӵսУҲ˿·磬Ÿոյս˲ء
ǧ˵ľţ˲ԱǧˣһսʬɽѪͬʬ
ܺͶͷ֣ѹǵǧŵĽǰֽƬı˺ѣ˵һսϣо˷ͱʹ
ע⣡ţ
һŵսʿҲѸٸоŵҲע⵽Զͬɫһ㣬۵糸š
ս˿ѷܹ˺䴩Ҳоɾ޴в
ϣĽɫƬϵĦ𶯣˵˻죬ԽԽе׶Ȼͬ
׼
һĴ쳹սΪʳ£бֽĴڣȫʱƾӸ£ͬѩһ㡣κһֲ֧Ĵڣܵһ־޴ĳѹȡ
ܹ׻ŵţͨſԶԸġ
Ȼ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ֻʱ䣬ǧһͬյĽɫ⣬ãã纣Ĵʳг͵س̍ͼϣƷǿֻ֧üеĳ߾٣ײһ
һɲǣʱ·Ż˵ĿУű־ԵĽɫؽصײ̍ǽϣеؽײһ𡣺¡¡ʮصĳײɲǣضҡ·֮սִ֮ɽ壬ͷʷǰľޣڴصײһ
ײ˹֡塢֥ͬԶĴ޺Ͷ˼ڣǴҵս
һν棬ʣⳡս
ܹ˺̍ͼôܹ׵ػƵľţǸǵʿ䵽ȵסֹˣܹһ䴩ƵΣѪ޾šŵľţһг׷֧Ƶľӡ
һжȻͬ
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬Ǽ䣬ʱһжָ
˵ĿУӰ͵رգŵĳ£⻷𵴣ҡҷŵŵţȥŵĳ̍ͼߵ⻷ҲԵֵ
Ϊǿľ֮һѾﵽ˳ĵز̍ͼܵѪսļӳ֣Ҳȫ⡣
ס
Ҽ䣬һţ쳹ա


1103 جΣ
ŵŵţ˳߰˲֮һ̍սʿ͵һ̤޴£˲ѣͬʱסԼ
ᣡ
һܵԼѪ޾šųɲǣе̍սʿѸټᣬûųٴμ˷Σɭϡ
ˣ
һĻһսʿϣıɫ
ŵĳ˫һܵǵĳ޷ֵֻ·һ̍ͼڱǳɢ֮󣬾Ȼܴô̵ʱڿټᣬȫһɳ֮Żǵһ
ֹˣһ̍ͼƱѹסֻ߰˸˶ѡֱС
ɵǣ
ֻһɲǣӦ֧ƾжǿֻҪ޷ſ⣬ȴǵľֻ·һɱҲǳ顣
¡¡ֻһɲǣٴ
Ѫ޾ššţײţһȫۣ̍ӵȥ
ˣ
ʯ䣬˭Ҳûע⵽̍ͼ󷽣ڼֳ־Ѫս죬һӣɲǼ䣬սӿ֮仯
˵ĿУƻۣһɹɺ͸Ѫ⣬ɫľޱϯ˲ӿ뼸֧ڡһ̣Ѹٵת
ɱ
ûųȥһ̣â𶯣һ춯صĺɱͻȻбɲǴ
ɵǣ
ΪֵǱ𣡡
ǧսʿֳֳ˫ͨ죬ɲǼ䣬֮٣ҵسššѪ޾ŵĴ֮С
ôľ룬ֻգۼ䣬֧ҵײһ
Ȼһлֻǿʼǧûо˼һμҵײ֮̍ڴʹ£뿪󣬺䣬һ֧ػšȻֻһ˲֧ͬߡ
ھšһ֧֧ھѪսļӳ£ۻһתַš
⻷𵴣غۻҵĹţһʱ֮Ҳ˷磬֪ԼĶ˭Ҳ֪Ӧȥ׷֧šÿһ̶оתƣÿһ̶оӴӺϮ
һΣΣΣĴΡֺ˰һҲЩ֧š̶ʱڣŽܵĳﵽʮΣ䣬֧µǿţҲ̲סˣһƬҡ
һ̣еŷ׷ױɫ
ڣ
һֱսһĻԥѸ´˶˵һ
޲Tϣ
嶸תͷбɲǽʮĴ޲Tе
Ȼ޲Tвͬ˺廹й϶Ƭսϣߵ˧ؼʱ̣Ǵ޲TҲ
ʮ⣬޲Tݺݿһۣ漴ջĿ⣬ϵһγϵĳ
ˣ
δ䣬ͻ޲Tһﵱȣǧͬﱼ׳磬͵س˳ȥ
Сģͬˣ
ͬ˳һŵĽ죬ͫӴ֪֧ӵƣ̫ʱͬ˵ս޿顣
¡¡һ֧֧ʳľͼı䷽ͬˣѾˡ
ֻգ۵ʱ䣬һ춯صľ죬ǧͬͭսףһ⵶ƿشݺݴŵС
ˣ
˵ʱʱ죬ڼǧͬŵɲǣֱһӣѸٳ࣬ɴƾѵģǧ˸ơ
һ̣غЩһ㣬һ¶¸ǽǹǵأɽ侪ˡ
Ǵƾǿı֣Ȼʱִ٣֧ӻûа취ﵽĴݿ࣬񾪹øܱе۹Ϊ֮ĵزҲѾﵽ߳ɵ

һ֧Ҳ̤սһսеĺڼͻȻ֮䶶ս죬Ӵ˲籡ͬʱסԶͬǳĲ
ͬﻹǲֻǼȫǴ̫ʱı֡
ɰ˼˳溲ľӣҲǴһѵԴͷ̫ʱ
˽ѵֱӴ̫ʱֵѵ
ʱһٶ̫꣬ڻʵǿľŸ֣һڴ˹սϻһ
ѪսҲĬĬţ˰֮ٴδʡ
䣬ӿھѪսļӳ£֧Ѿǿı֣˲ʵǡ
¡¡һʷǰľ޴ض·˺ˡ
䡢ַ֧̍ټͬͲĹײµ˲ķѣɢ
ϣս˻һսʿ澪ţһθоݴ֮УȫԿĸо
۶ǹìĵطŵսһκζ֣ͬҲű
飬һսʿں˵ĹУܲ˲Χ̶ʱڣ߱Խݺϡ
սʿӵмǿʵͬʱײҲΪ䱸װͿףԵĹȻԵ
ֻһĲҽУһսʿ͵һѪ˴
ۣսʿصɲǣһ˲ʺһ̣һֻɫսѥŵʬǰȥĿֱָսʿ
٣٣߰١һǧ
̶ʱڣһǧŵսʿʬᵹءֹˣսʿµͬʱѪ޾šţһ£սϽ̳
֧ߵѤõĹ⻷ͬͲļ룬Ĺ⻷˲ߵ˾ŵ֧ľܼ࣬ǵأɽŶϯȥ
һβֹšѪ޾ţĶͷšᲮ˹ԼΧĴʳȫھѪսĹΧ֮С
һΣʳıɽ
ϣ
սϣһһʳﾪִţ׷׵ȥѪм˹ѪˮڵʣһƬ޵
죡̫ˣ
ͬ﷢ܣǰ̶ֻһɲǣʳ˱Ұһ㣬սʤҲء
Զĸ˺ɫĴʳսһƬţ˹ˡǵ£һ𺳣ȫġ


1104 ʳ˵𺳣
ʳ۹ʷڶྫۼۣܶӵʮ£Ȼһ۹ȫû뵽ġ
վ˵λԶԶȥһһųƴʳĴʳڴǰһ߷ݰ㣬ϵرաЩƾֻǳһӣһشǧĴʳΣʮס
Ȼʳӵϵƣڣܶٱ޷赲Щ˵ķâ
ЩѤá貣·һС󷨽ӳ𵴣սоŵĹâȫѹȥжٴʳȥݺ㣬ϵر˦˳ȥ
ˣȫˣ
һ̣˹ֵɫޱȡ
ʮӾȻѹƳǰ˹ָû뵽ġڰ˹ֵԤУҲռƶѣǲ֪ô£ǰȻеƣǳ׵ܡ
ٲˣʳʧ±ڻҪ޴
˹ֺųѪܶսԻ͵Ĺƣ״֣ˡڣʳʿѾȵףٲˣʳ޷ܽĲʹ
գ
˹ֵһʳܿתȥ
һȣ
ͻȻһޱȣ˿飬˵Ķ
˶ǻһŤͷǰײ˹Ҳ˹
Ѫ޾ššȫײµı˵һսһ˵ʧһսܶײ
Χĵģšÿһ˶ڵȴײ

Ѫս죡
ʹʳԶĵطͻȻڵ
ʲô
޵Ļһ˫˫Ŀ׷׿˹
ǸսǾѪս졣
ٴظĿӹؿռ䣬ԶǸ˸߸ƮĹս졣
һٶǰ̫ʱһǺ˴Ĵս졣սԲݾ֧ľţҽǵĹ⻷֮ӣʹõһıͬʱ߱ǿĹ⻷ƾս죬սңͻʺһΪͬʱҲ˸߾۹گ۹ɺ˹أ˴ʢ˵ҲǸʱ򣬳Ϊ½Ϲϵǿҡ
޳
佫ͬ޵书Զûô飬ܱйʷʡ壬Ұʷָơ̫ڻʵǶλԻ͵ĹȥѾȻ𣬿¾Լ֪Ķˡ
Ǵȴͨ޵һЩ壬ڰǰǳսļ¼ŶЩָơ
Ѫս죡
ʣǺʹ̫ʱڵǶλԻֲͣǿ˵ҲǴϵġһ֧ǿһ洫ľѪս죬ǿĴڣҲòꪳɳ
ʳ˵ȫ֮У
ڵѾֻһ֧ƫһľôˣչǰģȫǴԻͣǿ֧ӡòԶ˿ģ֪ģ뵽ĶҪǿöࡣ
һɲǣ޵ɫޱȡ
Ƶսսϣⳡսʾȫͬˡ
ǱмصûöѪս죬һս֮սûκεʤ㣡
޵Ŀ͸ããĴһ۾Ϳһ¶¸ߴĸǽǰһĴ׳ǿ󣬷·һӰӭƮ͸ڵս졣޵񽥽
ɵǸˣⳡսΪʤϣ

дߣ
ͬʱһ࣬·ֻһɲǣַ·ͣײ˲˵Ķ

仰˶ʱһƬ㵡
˭Ҳû뵽ŶѾˣײȻڼ֣һдزˡΪʳһʵǿĴڣײȻ˿Υġ
ɵս죬һȻսᣡ
ײ˵Ķ𣬶۹󽫶żĿ⣬ײȻûе󷨸Ǻ֪˲䣬͵ó˺ʹͬĽۡ
ɲǼ䣬һƬžײĻ˷еĿ׷˶սӭչ͸ڵľ޴ս죬һ˲䣬նʱ΢ʳûִ󷨵˵һײ˵˸ò˱
ϣһԽĽ쳹գ˻˼ײǷʱ򣬴ĿĽУײѾֺ죬ץǱʳĽɫ޽
գײµսʤߡŲ˵ĿУѸǰȥ
һɲǣĴʳʿ׷ˮ˷ֿײóһ󷽣ԭΪǰսܣĲȣЩҵĴΪײĳ˲
κʱײڴʳжӵ޿ɴҪλֻҪײڣеĴʳʿͼţʳܣ
ˣ
ԶǵͻȻǰĽɫӰͻȻý
үײˣ
һתͷ壬ǽš
ײ֣ڴƵʿ˵ӵ̫ǿˡֱΪֹ˻ǵײһһǧ¸ߴĸǽƾһ֮ѹƵ۹󽫡ڴռսƾѪս쳹ѹ˴ʳľӣ˭Ҳ˵󷨾ֵܹסײĹ
ǽû˵ȴȻýޱȡ
ײͽԸɡ
ʱһϵۻأͻȻӶߴδ䣬۽ֻӰһһΰӰǰ
ʦ
Ӧ
Хаԣͷڿм趯忴а˵ݣȴܿıӰߴͦΣһΡΡɽһ㣬һΰʵĸо
ײոմӺɫս²ʻʱ˻ЩÿжЩǣǵа̤ɲǣв͵ǵ˲ȫʧ٣֥ͳǧﶼ
¡¡
սգײٶԽԽ죬ϵĽҲԽԽŨңײӴĹע£ƥսʤߡÿһ̤ǳסʤߡɲǼƺƣе˲ʧ٣ط·ֻʣ¡ʤߡһ
ײˣ
սϣԽԽĴʳ﷢һĻһܿ죬еĴע⵽ˣʼҵĻײĻ쳹أԭʿ˲
ײ
ײ
ײ

ȺĻһ˸߹һˣɽХ㣬ѹսɱ


1105 аսײ
һɲǣԶĴ޵ҲΪ֮ĿսնʱýȻľռͣݻܳĴʳԭֳܼĴʳˣסš
ˣ
ҲʱаһͻȻ֮ԭ̤˳ȥɫݣû˿Ĳ·ǰǼҵսĳֵͥŲĻ԰
а˵ٶȲ죬׼ȷ˵ֻһգۣѾ߳˸ߣ̤˼ҵս֮СˣйâһŤһ£аٳֵʱѾʮɿ⣬Ϊûпôʧġ
ɱ
һۣûд׵аˣʳΪҵᣬһĿ¶׹⣬һ࣬а˳ɱ
Ȼһ̣ϣھа˻ߵĵطƥߴ˶Ĵʳ·ײһεϣֹͣˣʳҲ·ʩչ˶һ˲䶨һ
ǵ۾ܶͫ͸ȵĿ־壬˵ͺ˵һá
аǽ²ͣ·ûпһ㣬ֱ߲һа˶Ѿʧˣʳﻹ˿á䣬֪˶ãֻ춯صľ죬˵ĺ󱳺ȻƥľǾɫ͸ģͬѪһ㡣
飡飡
ص£̳漴
а˵ǧѾǷ켫˳ԴĦĵزʳＴ㵽ףûǵаˣɱǵģ
䣡䣡䣡
޵һսϣΧвĴʳŭųÿλûеǿһ춯صıըͬʱĴʳ׷ɵʮɵĸ߿գЩ֮ߣû׹Ѿ
аֲֿǿǰЩνĴƾʵ̫̫ˡаǣͿԽĨɱ
ǿʵǶԶĴʳ˹ص۹˵ҲΪ֮ݡ
˵ʲôײЩ
˳
ڶǵãײһγֵʱɱ񣬷ɱ𣬽һˣͼѹס˴ƾӣû⣬ʳʱӦӮʤˣֱصĺ߳֡
ײǿĴڣڶߵʱ򣬾Ȼþûж֣Ըֱ˼顣
Ҫ֪ڰ˹֡Щ۹ǰײûʲôɫһἫǿƣҪŭ֣ͣܡʣصĺߣȻѾǿһĳ̶ȡ
֪ڵҲֻײսʤǸˣҲû˿İ취
˹ǰͷҲصδ䣬͵һݣӺɫս³۳Ҷ
ǵ¡ˡ˹ײոյĻǶˣΣǸ죬߸ɵǸˣҪǰľ棬ٵ˵󷨣
δ䣬˹һʧããĴ֮С
ǣ
ǵһɫʱޱȣȻݺݵŶЩƵĶӡ
ֻҪЩƵľӲΪֵزƾⲿķôٵǵ̣ⳡսɿԷΪʤת
ءç֧׼һ£ײͰ˹ѾϳⳡսҪõǵ
ͬʱ벻Զһط·ͻȻ˵
Ŀ䣬˲ϢͷƷ֮һжʱýȻͬƾʳʵ»ڵ۹ּսռơΪѣӵйͬĵ˺Ŀ꣬Ҳ˹طõʱˡ
ף
һĳͬʱǰͬһʱ̣󣬶ç֧ҲͬսڱԽԽţ
壬ǧ˹ֽңԸ
ͬһʱ̣սһˣ֥Զİ˹֣йâһͻȻڵ
ռž˶Ĭĵ˵ͷ
ûκεԥ֥ͻȻһǰ۳Ҷȥ
սϣľͳھѪսΧݿɨΧĵˡսϣȻռǾͬͳ˧޲Tﶼע⵽սϵľ޴仯
Զײа˵ľԽԽҲԽԽţʮɣɣɡ
໹ɶʱ˼ǲԼͬͣһŸߴս˼㣬һǿ۴䣬ȻûײôҫۣΰӰΡȻͦεɽһ㣬κȴ
˵ͫжӳŶԷӰ˭Ҳûж
ˣ
һɹǿϢɽХ㣬ϱȻûж֣ÿ˶ܸоĵΣյϢΧеʿѲ֪ͬˮ˿Χ´ƬĿյء
ɱ
֪˶ãźһʳͻȻ䵶˷ɱ
Ϊܶˣ
ɵˣ
˷һʳĽ쳹սײھеߣֲ£ЩʳＸǱܵĸо˻ᣬҪƾƳаˣΪײᡣ
һĻаڶˣȻҲֻüͷһ£˫ɴ࣬һ䣬ھа˻ߴɲǼ䣬ͻаյУͻȻǧľݺύ
ۣЩĴʳﻹûг嵽аǰѾһɹɿֲľЩɴʳǿףһƾǰֽһ˲̮飬ľ׶
ˣ
ҲһɲǣͻȻһ˿Ŀֲɱײսʤߡϣָһգ˲֡
¡
һɫĽƺƵ˲Ϣεضһᴩաһɲǣն·һʳ룬ֳһģʺֱۣʱвľд
ײ쵽£Ҳغƴ˼£һ£һɽ壬һǱᱻһѶ˵һ˵Ѫ֮
ײɲǣаڳ֣ײնһа˾Ȼûʹκεֻ̽Ѫƣһ˳ȥ
ɲǼ䣬ͻ𣬺䣬˵ĿУձըǧءֻһգۣаͻȻ˳ǧľЩ̶̣һ㣬ȴͬһӴľɭ֣аŰΧ롣ϸȥаÿһѨë׶³һ
ˣ
аɫ£ֻһָɰǧĳ쾢϶ΪһΪһ޴ĳײԼһ콣ݺײȥ
¡¡
û˿һɲǵײ־ѧײһɲǼ䣬̳֮ߣеһжС


1106 ˼

ֻһĲҽУа˺ײɵķΧڣеĴʳ˲ܵ˻ԵĴ
˽Ŀϯ˲ɨҶһ㣬ΧеĴʳȫɨȥ飬ǧƵĴʳڷĿɳУ澪֣߷ݰɨһЩʳﱻƵطȫܿƵĺݺײԶĵϡ
飡
̶ֻʱڣʯըѣѪ٣֪սʿҺţ˽ֵУΪһ߾߱ʬ岼ɢΧĴϡ
ս룬ǹ̳ûƽϢԽŨңһߵգ뵲ɢ̳УһһӰѸپһ𣬼ҵս䣬һɫĽѵأϵشƹֱָ̳
ͬһʱ䣬Լ֮ʵĵҪֲݺύͬʵﵽа˺ײּѾԶԶ˷׵󣬾߶˵ĵ۹󽫣һĻҲ̲סľսһѼĸо
ۣҲ˲Ϣ䣬һɽɫĽǧľ̳Լɳʯɵľ޴籩ƺƵѸ˵д޵Уγ
飬һ˵ıը˷ƬΪΣյĵش
ˣˣ
һʳﾪʧ룬ѸԶȥ
ˡôܡ
һ̣˵ˣΪѵĻغͶç֧ɵսȭͷие𺳡
˵սȻܹﵽּȻǺųƵ۹󽫣ײǸߵľ缶ȻѾԶԶ˵ⷶ롣
ս𺳵ʱһ࣬һΡȻӰߴ࣬
ּ֥ˣ㵲ס𣿡
ھ뻹ɵĵط˹סɬĴԵѾ϶ˣֵڣҲĸˣڸ֥˹Ҳ൱˽ˡ
Ѿˣ
֥΢΢Ц
ѾˣźηҲѾû⣬ƣʤһǴơ
ԭ˵Ļ¹˭֣δ֪
˹ȻһЦ
ң㲻ҵĶ֣
Ѿ˵һν֣Ȼȥ֥Ķ֣ôڣȻҲӲĶ֥֡ƥҪƾһ֮赲ܡ
ǺǣȻ֪һЩôҲһ仰󣬲ҪЦ̫磡
֥ͬ΢΢һЦ仰ģ˭Ц˭Цá
ˣ
仰˹Ȼһ䣬һɿֲɱ˲䱬û˿ԥ˹ִֻħ֮ȭף͵һȭ
˹Ī֮ŭ
û˿ԥ˹˲ʩչǿʮħѧ
˹ִħ֮ȭʩչһУƵͷԳߡһģ˵ˡ˹ֵʵȲײҲμ֮Уڴһܹ࣬Ტ۵ָ
¡նȻһһ̣˹ֵͻȻûȡ֮һͷͷ­ľ޴ϺۼħǾ޴ħڴϣ͵һȭɽ壬Ÿ֥˹ȥ
һȭݿ࣬ȭû£ڷԲ֮һɺƺƿ磬飬ɿ񱩾ĳ£һ߾ߴʳʬֱӱź󷽻ȥ
ǣ
һĻ֥йâһ¶һ˿ȻЦݡ
ˣѣ
ʯ䣬֥˶ÿֶһ㡣һ̣ڰ˹𾪵ĿУһ˲ʧ
¡¡
һ룬ھ֥ԭվĵطʮɵĸ߿Уһҵ˵ĿУ֥֡ΧӰãȻֳ˸޴ӣǰ˸ӱԿعϵģڰ˸عӵ룬Ťգ֮䣬Ȼ¶һ½ص΢
էһȥÿ˶ܸоһɺޱߵǿϢ·ǲǴĹӰǺһ
˼Ź֮ǰģͬʱҲ̥ڸ֥ԼϵͬԴ书ﵽһ磬Ѿپĳı仯ˣýҲͬʹǹìħʱҲͬʹýơ
֥ԽΪǽ˰˼Ѿû֮˵ˡ
ֻžѧȻǿ󣬵ͬٵ֥ԼۣһҲûɹ
ȻһµʱչǸ֥ʼջδȫֱ֮ǰа˵֥ҹʵﶴϤˡıʣųŸǿİ˼
ߣΪͿԺҿ𣡡
˹Ŀһһ̣˹ֱѾȥİ˹Ī֮ŭͻȻһۣſеĸ֥Ȼȥͬʱ֥Ӹ£ָһţ˸ɫ˲ƿնֱ򰬲˹Ҹλá
ڰ˹ֵİ˹Ī֮ŭ֥ɵʱͻû˿ף˹ǿһͻȻڿУһ
ôܣ
һĻ˹ִһȭʽӰΣǵһĶǲ׽ס֥Ȼ԰ȭڿУȫ˰˹ֱֵ֪˼顣
ڰ˹Ժͷʱ򣬺¡˸ɫļȻɲǼ䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬˹㾡ȫһȭͻȻһɿֲ£˲ķѣ׵رը

ϰϰյ£˹ֿһĻɫһٱ䣬û뵽ֻһµʱ䣬֥ȻܹһŹܹð˸Źֵӣǿһг׷飬Ρ
˹֣һʱһʱʲôֻҪ;ܳɹ
һףϷƮ֥һ̤ͬһʱ䣬һɰĽᣬѸٻΪһɫļ֮Уͬʱס˸֥塣
գΪߵĽڵĸ֥˵ֱƽء
һ̤֥ڰ˼⣬ҲϵؼֹԺڻͨɲǼ䣬ʱһӴϢˮǴߣ籩һ㣬ڱʵǿĸ֥һ˲ͻĳƿﵽһߵĲΡ
ڵĸֱ֥氬˹ֵʸΧһƬţ˹̧ͷſеĸ֥ϲϰƣ˲Ϣɫѿޱȡ
أ֣
ײͰ˹ֱ£ԶйâһͻȻԥ
һսֻǹϵʳͬ˹ءΣһҪܴƣҪƵƵľѪս󣬾ͱõ۹󽫳֡
ף
ص˵ͷ붼û룬³ͬһ籩Ѹźڼڵĵطȥ


1107 󽫻ս
ؾͽԸɣ
һϻϲ֪ʲôʱߵߡĿԶĻأһ˿Ĺâ
ûشӵһߺ˳ȥ󣬳ǧĲɭϣ棬һͬ˳ȥ
壬ȥ
һӶߴպɽͻȻߵߣԶϵıӰ
ĸףȻϵʵպɽɣС޴ɳǧ󲿶ӣҲܹԴʳһ塣رսѾı䣬Ѿȫռ˳ϵоѪսǧ󲿶ӣֻʹӴսϵԽԽǿ󣬶Դʳ˵ҲԽԽǿ
ţ
ʱƣ˵ͷսѾ٣Ȼ˹֮սƶڷصλƾĸشڷĻѾ٣ѾأԹˡ

һĻţպɽǧܴƳͨһܼ˱һ¶¸ǽ֮ȱڣϵĲ֮ʻȥ
ţ
ûȵĴʳպɽֱһӣǧܼȣ˲ϢӹĴϿգɹѪսԼľ񲿶ӣڶĴʳС
ۣѪ䣬ɲǼ䣬֪ٴʳҽţЩ䴩䵹ڵء
ǰ
պɽһӣ󳵣ܼʬ壬ٴǰƽ
ǧܴƳУųһ⬰󷨡Ȼ󲿶ӵķܵͣǵպɽѵЩȫɽˣһԷͻӽ¾˲ء
պɽУǴľӣҪǶ̣ҲϼѡĹõķ
ηֲ
ؿռ䣬ϵѪս󡱸պɽĿһӣٴ´
ǧܴƳˮһйİ˾Ѫս常ϴĲУ֧һ𹹳һܵģӴϵ
պɽʵԶûдﵽֵزڱıϣպɽѾ¶ǸպһĴ󽫱ɫ
գϲûı仯ǸϤӰ͵һ˹ȥ
ˣâһнĹУ϶ʧȡ֮һڵĹâҼ͡š

ֻһ춯صĺУգ֮䣬ֻһ޴ĽսϣһſʮףŶĻȥ
ϵϢǿӴսеĴʳμ穣ө֮°㣬΢
һ࣬ͷӴľ񣬶ԽԽǿҵĴغسüһ˲Ҳʩչ˴շӽ
գ֮䣬һͷ޴ķӣƽĹâĳս֮СԶϣػ͵رһɾս⣬ļӿŲǰȥ
ͬһʱ䣬кһžͬӿŲ¡¡ŻĽӣ󲽳ȥ
ϵ޵УƬ˹սٴһΪƳõı߻ߣߣԼǿĵ۹󽫡һҪһϴ֮սĳ衣
¡¡
һ̣ض·˺ˣ˵ĿУغϣһһڣɽͰӴӰսصײһ
һɲǣƺƣɳʯƥľս
ԶһĻ΢ɲüͷһֱעŻأǿսϵΣʱڻȻսʤϡ
ç֧ȥ
ͻȻͷҲص
ç֧û˵ĿԶа˺ײսĵطݺݵȭͷһâ
֪ʲôڲʱóȻжֻǰ
޳
ף
ç֧һ͵һžѪսķ۳ҶȥϵļƬ޲ѸʧԶ
ˣ
ͬʱעսģľ˾ŵ찬ˡ
ײ˹֡ص˷׷ױ£ɫ䣬гɱ
ҺҾͲţľ˾ųƲ˵󷨣
ָһգ죬ץԱߵսѸٷϡ
ϣһģɲǼһ޴ޱȵĹ⻷˲Ӱ˽±ɢľ˾սʿĽ¡
Ϲ⻷
Ի͵İɫ⻷ǿڰʩչֹ֮ǿһ
ϣĶķϹ⻷ӳ£ľ˾ŵķٶȺݣ䣬
Ŀ絶ݺݵĶԶǸ˾Ѫս죬еĳ͵һӣǧľˮкأ˲䱬
ϣ
ڰ˳󲻾ãǵһֿͬö֮Ծһƥս
ҵҪǾжͣܵסǶˣ
ǵҲһŭ𣬴ʳǸ߰Ҳŵġ
һսѾ˹˿֮·ϵˣǴʳʹƣͶ֮ơʵŵĶԾ
ΣʳԲЩĹȡ
ϣǵ²һѸٵĴӺɫʳսʧû˹ս֮С
ǵ³ˣ˽Ըɣ
ǧͻȻϵһγ彣Զ
ĿһֱעŶ棬ǵ²Ÿһע⵽ˡ
֮ѾֹһΣǵµ书ԼսʽǧָƣҪǵ£ûбõѡˡ
ţ
˵ͷѸٵŤͷ˶İˣǧƺƵӿľԼ仯ųɱ³
սУ³ʧΪȻͬΪ³װľԼĲ಻һ㣬Ҳܾ޴ʧԭ
ˣ֧ҲȻﵽһǧ˵ľ

кһԥ
Ѿ֣Ĺ⻷ӳ£ǧľʵǣƺˡķϹ⻷ƾͷѶǾԵֵסǵġ
ǿķϹ⻷ǿ󣬻޵
һǿҵĹâ͵һ˲Ӿ޴Ĵսƿն
ϣڼҵĳ˻쳹սһһ¶¸ǽ֮ȱںɲǣϣһǰδеģ뾶ʮ׵ľ޴⻷ɭɲͻȻ±籩һ㣬Ѹɢе¡


1108 ˼Ŀģ

ʯ䣬Բǧڣ¿񽵣һϯء
û˿ף˵ĶͻȻһĺУͬԹڵ֮ҽСÿһˣһɷǿҿ־塣
գܼףѸٴӵһߺ󣬳Զսﳤȥ
ڹ̳Уеܣһյһ㣬һִݿࡢһ޻صƣŰˣԼ۹ǿȥ
һֱעԶǧ磬Զơʵѷɫвһ˿ǡ
˹Ѿû·ʳǱͶôıһսʤɣΣһҪݻѪս죬ٵ̡
ǣ˹еĽ춼Ѿȫɳ۹ʣµĴѾࡣ˿ܶ˹ڽŵĹս֣ʱ׼֣ڻûֵĻֻʣһ
ⳡսֻʣûгˣ
ͻȻһЦûȵ޿ڣ˼·ϵҪ˵ʲôͻȻǰ˼
һʱȻ˵˼һ˼թܹ㵽ȳ֡
һһĿԺǿڣûȵڣ˼Ȼս⻹ǳϡ
һΣ޾ȻЩղסĿˡȻܴθ룬ݣһӶߴϣУ˼𶯣ƥƤëںԣѸٴӴ߲˼ҵս֮С
ֻҳˣ
ߺ棬ʱΨһûгֵҲֻһ˴峤ˡ
˴峤ȻʵǿǱϾѸߣ֮ʦа˶Ҫ࣬Ҳ彫ԭ
Ҿ书ǿ󣬿ս棬˴峤ȴó˴峤ܴȥģԵ󣬶˼Ҳֻ˴峤ܹԸˡ
˴峤ɫĹһ٣ӵһߺ˳ȥ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬˴峤һ¶¸ǽȱ߳ʱͻȻХһɻԵ׳磬ͻȻ˴峤ķ
¡ֻһգۣײ˴峤ϡ
һɲǣǧأ˿Ϯ˴峤ĺȻһָϸ೤Ƴ
Ǹӹգһʮ׳İɫպۣþ޷ϡֻһͿԿֵˣʵѾǿ˲˼ĵز
Ǹ˵ģǳ˴峤֮ı仯˵ĿУһ֧߶೤ڰз·ǰδе谭ڰУ˿޷
žžһ̾˵ĿУǸ೤Ӽ⿪ʼѡֻһգۣɼӲ˲仯Ϊķĩ
һֱ󣬳ûͻ˴峤֮ڡ
ˣ
һĻ֪ٴʳ˹ءͻʵĸ߼죬¶𺳵ɫ
Ƶİ׷ߣϡһȣ֪ʲôʱͻᵹ¡˭Ҳû뵽ʵȻǿ󣬽ƾͿԵһ
˴峤û˵ֻ̧ͷһսԶɳľɳˡ
ɳľɳͬһ𺳣ϵͷӾȻ˿£׼ΪһȻƤëû˵

˴峤һ̾һָͻȻһ
žһ̣˴峤Ľ²ԶбڼʳʬϵһꪣͻȻ֮䣬ƿն·ܵһǣѸٳԶɳľɳ˶ȥ
ã
˴峤Ÿո̧֣ãã纣Ĵɳľɳ˲ſ䶶һ£ʲô֪
һ̣ɳľɳ˾͸оһͷƤը飬вϢ
룬ɳľɳһڵʯ䣬һֽǱ̬Ϲ
䣡
ɳľɳ˴ϹɲǣһꪣǲӹݺݵɳľɳĴ֮С
ɲǼֻһ춯صľ죬֮أһļұը
̳ʮʳ߶ûһͱըķѣͬϵף;Ĵʳ䵶ըϸķĩ
һĻɳľɳ亹ֱҪһɱʮʳ˵Ҳʲô̫⣬ǣҪϴŵļӲףըϸķĩǲܵ顣
ոӦ죬ʱϷ䣬ڿѱˡ
ϣ
ɳľɳˣгһʱ򣬻ûӦͻȻһսĲ˻
ɳľɳһ㵣ʶתͷһ۾Ϳ˸ʮƥߴ˶սһصĵڵϡ
ı֪ʲôʱʧˡɳľɳ˵ɫʱɷޱȡ
ɳľɳθ룬Զâһ
գ
ս¡¡˼ʩչ̤գͬ籩һ㣬žѪս˴峤ķȥ
׳ңǸ߸Ʈĺɫ磬ƥκ־ᶨľսη
Сֹɣ
âһڶ˼ԶʱһӰ׷ԲԣŹȣͻȻڶ˼ǰ
˭Ҳ֪˴峤ôֵģһ·Ȼûκ谭һĴʳҲɫ㵣ȫ֪ʲô
Ǵ󽫶˼ͻʺǺպǵ˴峤ĿУҲֻһСѡѣͣ˼ȷĲһ㡣
٣
˴峤Ķ棬˼źɫͻԣ̤գһХ˼µսë趯˼ͷĳ׷趯
ǰ˴峤˼¶һ˿ĪаЦ
˴峤۾΢УΪ˼Ҫʲôеʱһͻ
䣬û˴峤Ӧ˼ͻȻһһϳգлһ޴Ļߣͬʱ㣬ź󷽳ȥ
ֻһգۣʧս󷽡
⣡
һĻ˴峤ˣѹ֣ͻױҵͣʱҲɵһƬ㵡
˼ʱ׳ң˴峤Ѿһս׼ȴϵȻ˼սӡ
⡭˼ڸʲô
ʱ˿ֹ̣˴峤ߵĸٶ㵣ȫ֪ʲô
û˵üͬء
˼ôѾҪˣӻսѾɹĴﵽĿģ
޳Ƭ̣ͻȻڵ

˲סˡ
Զ˴峤ûף˼«ʲôҩʱͻȻ֮һ̼Ĵ쳹ս
ãǿܶ˹
仰˴峤͵Ťͷ


1109 ΣѪս죡
ֻԶһߴӰͻȻ֮ھѪսǰ׳˶һ㣬һֱϢȺ֮Уûκ˵ע⣬ֱʱŽԼϵϢҵı
ã
˴峤һʱӦ˹
˼Ǻ£ηսܣʹ˵ɽ֮ơΪһʼĿͲǺԼսǽԼ
ˣû˿ԥ˴峤͵صͷԶȥ
սһĻ仯Զֹ˴峤ͬʱ塢֥ǧϣ˶һĻ
ȻһѾˡ
˹ֵʱ䣬ȶ˼Ҫ磬˼û³ܶ˹ѾԺ֮Ӻɫ޺սһʧ
˼ɹ˴峤ע˹ҲɹϢ˾ѪսΧ
һȺϣҶ֧죬ǻεֿ
ܶ˹ƥɫĴʳԣĺ붶緢ܴжٵֶΣҲжٵķսʤմʳӮⳡսʤ
ס
Ҫ
һ󽹼Ĵ쳹أͻȻֵĿܶ˹̍˶׷ױɫ
һɲǼ䣬֪ٱų˷糱ˮ㣬ſܶ˹ɱȥ
Žһ֣Բвս죡
֪˹ϣɲĿֲϢԷ糾ҲʱɫΪǰλ۹󽫣Ѿﵽһߵľ硣ƹУλͳȣҲضá
һɲǣԷ糾оһǰδеΣ
¡
û˿ԥԷ糾˫ֺһеĴۣ֮˲ʹǿľѧ
֮ŭ
̰£
׻죡
ͬһʱ䣬̰ս˼̍ηͳ죬׷ԵĶ֣ſܶ˹˶ǿʽױһ㣬˹
֪
ãã纣˷ĴƶԼԷ糾˼񡢶ηˣ˹ֻǻһ
ܶôǿĶ֣ǿ׼ֻҪûͻƵһ㾳磬Ͳܺһ۹Ŀ⡣
һû˿ԥһӴģԵ籩һ㣬ڱ
֣֮
â䣬ʯ䣬˹˲ʩչǿľѧ֮һһɲǼ䣬ֻ֮Ӱãһ޴ĺɫӿƵڰ˹վλá
ƺƵĺɫУֻ׺ͻȻ˫ĿעУһ޴㣬ʮɳȻӳ˯ѹ
޺֮
ޣԼߵ飬֮ÿµ£λ޺еͻѹһƺƵĺˮѣûǧĶﻹᡣ
˹ġ֮֡Ǽȡеľ裬ɡ
˹һһУ޺ˮһ㣬һһ಻ӿƵҾгżǿĻ
ƾһУ˹ںɺսУɱǿߣϵ׶ĥ촷ۡ
䣡
ֻһУһĲҽвϴ
ڰ˹治ɵɫǰ֪̍սʿ˹һɳȥӵоѪսļӳ֣Ͼŵ⻷ڰ˹ֶĵ۹ǰһеĽ͵ֿԵôĿЦô硣
Է糾˼񡢶ηҲֻƬ̣ͱ˹ǵأɽһɳȥ
ۣ˻ڿУһɹѪɫò԰ֽ
˹һѾǵ߹ǡ
һ棡
˹к˸һھѪսкһȱڣûȥ׷ɱԷ糾η˼ˣֱйԼһɱȥ
ʳھѪսΧдĶšѪ޾źţЩǿɹ˹ǲõսϣʳ˹ءͻռϵơ
˹ʱ侲ޱȡһսĿģɱ˴ΪǻٵǸ˾Ѫս죬ֻлٵս죬Ƶ󷨲ƣȻҲвõʳı
ˣ
˹еӳ͸ڵľ޴ս죬ںȱڵɲǣû˿ԥ˹ģɫؼףһĺڼɱȥ
ţ
ͻȻһȴһɲǣպɽоǰΣָŴƵ󳵲ӣſܶ˹ͬ˽
ɫû˿Ĳ
սϣ˲Ϣ䣬临ӣҪǣ˹ƾǿʵͻƵ˾ѪսڲΧȫǴƵսʿôľ룬óȻʹôƳ󣬲ɱ˶ԷҺп˵Լˡ
һˣԲʱʹôƳ
ֻǣպɽˣҸɴ䣬û˿ԥ

˷ХĴƳ󣬰˹һޱȡպɽ˹ܣȻӲײȥ
䣬һӴľ͵شӰ˹ڱ޼᲻ݣʵĴȻ˹ǿӲײɳȥ
е˹ײɣպɽҲ΢΢ɫǴ˿̣պɽʲôѾˣ˹Ѿɹͻط˺ڼǰɴ
ֶĵ۹󽫣պɽΪܹһֹҲϵѾ൱ˣҪιܡ
ڣսɣ
ڵ˺ڼǰмˣ˹¶һĨЦݣͺ񿴼һ¾һ
¡
һɫĹ򣬴Ӱ˹ָ֣һ˲֮䱩ǰٱǵأɽĺڼȥ
̫ˣ
һɲǣʱ䶼·ֹԶԶеĴʳԼսеĻءç֧˹֣¶һ˿ɵɫȻ̲ۣ˻ǳɹﵽĿġ
԰˹Ϊôľ룬ֻ·һ
ˣ
ֻҪս죬ԴƵٵֵסʳ˹ءͻʵϹ
վڸ߸ߵ˹ذţս£ԺѸһͷ˼Ѿ׵Ժֻ֪һ¡սת˹ɹһ̣ҲǴܵʱ
˳ڴʳͻʡ˹бʱ򣬴һ࣬ȴȻͬ
ã
ѪսҪˣ
ȥ
Զڰ˹ĹУ׺һڰ㣬Ȼʧɫ΢ĺڼеĴʿһļ٣֣̿׷ױɫ
ʯ䣬֪ȿֺŰ˹ȥ


1110 ڼ
ϣ
ԶŰڱںͰ˼ҽսʱҲǶתͷžѪսλȥ
֥ǧͬ˴峤ڣҲ׷㾡ȫҪȥֹ˹ʱһжˣʲôѾ޲
սһɲǽŵ˼㡣
ۿźڼҪڰ˹£һ̣벻鷢ˡ
ĵң
ʯ䣬ڰ˹ΪȲʤȯɲǣһ˿飬ͻȻڰ˹Ķ𣬺ڼһֱ
Ǿһɲǣ͵̧ͷǰİ˹
ɲǼ䣬һ޷ݵĸоӿ԰˹Ϊûô̾뷢£̧ͷĶ
ⲻܣ
˹ŭǼ䣬һǿҵΣոдв
䣡
Ҳʱ򣬹âһһֻȻ
ֻһƾͻ˹Ŀݺݵغڰ˹ϡǹӴڰ˹ĸУضһɲȻʧɫеһУһǰԵ΢
꣡
һɲǣʱ·Żʯ䣬˹Լؿڷһ졣
ǾѾţ֮㾡ԴŵԣŴһλҳԱġ޺սס˲Ϣ֮䣬ķѣɺ۹ֶ޷սףƵĺڼǰȻһƶ֧Ųס
ۣ
ʯ䣬˹𣬵۵һѪȻһɽʹ󺣰㣬Īܵľݺݵػɳȥڵϡ
¡ֽһ㣬˲顢ݡ³ըһĥ̴Сʯ˲䱻˹׹ɳȥûɳԶڿٴըѣΪɰǧϸСʯ
ս̳˵ĿУ˹һ֧飬ΧƬ˹ϣѪ졣
ۣ˹ӵ𣬻û˵һգ֮䣬һѪһԭӣ˲ò԰ֽ

𺳣
սпһĻˣȫ𺳵ԸӡǸ룬òۣʵǿĺڼȻһƾ˰˹ֱ˵֪˭û뵽ġ
ⲻܣ
ʱ˿̣𺳵Īڰ˹ָ֣һͷҪˡ
Ϊ˹սѣ˹ֶʵôŰ˹Ȼᱻһˡ
ͬܵ𺳵ĻԶĴޣڰ˹ɳɲǣһƬ䣬·ǷɳȥĲǰ˹Լһ㡣
۹󽫣ǾȻɳһ۹󽫣ΪѪսˣ
촽һƬҡ
ײǸˣ˹֥ǵǧϡ󣬿ܶ˹ᣬһնˣƿѪսڴ޵ļƻУһжˮɡ
ôû뵽ıȻĺڼϡò۵ˣȻȿܶ˹ʵҪǿ
ţôһɲǣսһƬž
˶һĻ𺳵˵嶼һĴ㵣˵ˡ

һƼž
ʱ˿̣սΨһûܵӰģ¾ֻкڼԼˡ
¡͵һ̤ڼĿԶİ˹ȻûȺڼ֣䣬һѪը˹Ϣǡڼ۾һУ׼ӭӰ˹ķȻһ̷飬ȴԶԶԤϡ
㵽ʲôˣߣ
һ仰ʺڼһߡַ˹˲仯ΪһѪ⣬һ־˵ٶȣ̻ɥ֮ȮԶӶݡ
ߣѪ֮
ڼһ⣬һȴ˲ջ˽Ųûȥ׷ɱ˹
Դ̼˵ǱܣڶʱڰʵθߣͬеѪ֮˹ʩչĿ϶Ѫ֮ʣҲһִ̼Ǳܵķ
ʱһս㻹ϳ𣿡
ڼйâһջŰ˹ԶݵĿ⡣Ϣ೤ûܵ˿Ӱ죬죬ھѪս룬һ
ھѪսĳ˵ҪԶɱУ졣
ڣ
Ǻڼе͹
Ű˹Ӷݣս˲ѹһɲǼ䣬еĴƾӣͻȻһ춯صĻ
ɱ
ɵЩʳˣ
壡ɱǣ

˭Ҳû뵽ĺڼʵȻ˸߳ƾȻһλ۹󽫣Ȱ˹Ҫǿ
һ˲䣬Ʒ磬ƵĴƱͬ̍˷׷Ŵʳ˵ķɱȥ
ң
׼
ţ
ͬһʱ䣬պɽҲǾ񣬽һ
ǧ󳵲žѪս󣬳Ŵʳͻʺ˹صķȫƽԽԽľ뿪һߣ뼤ҵս֮С
һΣҲؽ߷أеľӵһ𣬹һӴϵͳһζԴʳ˷ȫĽ
ۣ꣬ϵܼᴩһʳ˵壬Ѫ飬ڵ治ʡһʧĴʳˣʬ彻ɵӣ飬˵ĵڵϡ
ɱ
սɱǿĻǾѪս
ϣĹ⻷ţھѪս£ͬ޴⻷⻷⻷⻷⻷ڹ⻷⻷ܹŵս⻷貶ĿѤҫۣ׷׼ӳƶϡ
ʱ˿̣֧Ѿ˵磬½ǿ
ʳǿţǵĶ֣˵ˡ
ߣߣ
һ̣ʳıɽ˹˶ʳʿ˶ġ
ԭΪڵ۹󽫵ϣռƣڣеȫʧƵĵ۹˿ѷ۹
Ȼʳ˹ءͻڱռƣȴȫɥʧսǸ˺͸ڣսڵĵطдʳӡ
쳷ȫˣ
˹˻ŭʣͬʱ޿κε쳹ȫ
˹̤ڰУдǸħȭסħ֥֮ۡⳡսԶûнȻ֥ʵǣɻûдﵽԻĵزȻܴ֮սûоʤǰ˹ֲòˡ
أ
գۼ䣬һŽͻȻӴʳ˵ĴֻͷʱĺȣʱĺŽȴһɻ̼ζ
¡¡
ɲǼ䣬̳˵ٶȸˡ
սĸӰ컹Զֹˡǵ¡ˡءç֧׷ȥҲս
һսǾѪսֻҪƵ۵Ǹ˴죬һвơǵڼ˳ֵɲǣһеʧˡ
㣬Ҳֲ֮Ǵʳ棬Ϊ˹ˣ۹ڵ۹󽫵ϣȱһ֡


1111 Уаˣ
ߣ
Уǵ͵֮ĺɫһҵײڳǧﻯ̫ϡһ˳ǧ׹ļȻͷҲصȥ
ǵ²μӹ಻ͬսһ˵սļ죬Ҳ졣

ǵµ󣬻ءç֧Ҳ׷˸ԵĶ֣۵糸ԶӶݶȥ
ʱ򣬰˹Ҳһȭ˸֥Զȥ
䣡
ڳԶ˵ĹУͻȻһ춯صľ죬˸ǧɵľ룬ɴ
ã
˹һ͵ػع
ײ
ԶҽֵϢ԰˹ֵΪеľѡսܹ˹оģֻսܶײǸˡ
˹ֶĻعͷԶԶȥֻսһˣһ뾶ɵɳӴɡɳʯսԼʿĲкӶɵġһɹɵĺмתХƺޱȡ
飬һʬ屻ɳıԵУ˲ķѣȻһѳǹķ籩֮Уơ
һɲǣ˹ֵһʱһ
ײԸǾԲ᳷˵ģ
ʯ䣬˹ͻȻײǸ
֮ǰһսʱ򣬰˹ǿдŽǣʹײòˣǿһ٣Σײĸ߰޷һȺǰˡ
Ҫǣ˹ȻǶͳ˧޷ײµı
ĿײĶţŻšѪ޾ţһûˣľŻԥڵĴʳ˵Ҫġ
鷳ˣˣ˵ײʱˣذɣ
ͬʱԶƤɫҲ
ײˣ˳ˣӭ۹ĽʷǰĴܡ˲ײȥ³ʲôԤϵĽʱƽⳡսʤҴʳκε
¡
ڰ˹׼֧Ԯײɲǣֻһ춯صľ졣սϣʮע£Ǹߴʮ׵ľ޴ɳͻȻ֮䣬ҵرըӴľҳײһ޴ġɳһ˺Ϊ
飡飡
ɳ룬һһӰ
ǵз·һĽɫӰһӴʮɡգǶɫͷײʮĶУײͷϷɳڿоըѺۣ׹ڵأͷȫݡʧȥͷıӻײͷޱȣƮɢڿС
һĻһƬȻ
һʳ˫ۣŵĿһĻ˵ĿУײһǿ󡢴ݣͬʱӵŻһеκ˶޷ȴҲûгԭʳ˹ֵ£ײӵǴʳս񣬵սôã˺ײǱ
ܣܣԲܹܵ˴ˣ
ʱģĪײӱľšײͷɣͷңз·Х㡣
ʱ˿̣˹֡ˡǵ¡صе𺳣˿ʿ
ôܣ
˹ԽǺײ׽ˣԽ֪ײжôǿҲ͸ӷǰһĻ
ʶ˹ѸŤͷײĶ档ֻµڿУͷɢɫ԰ףܵƣ˿ײ
˭ҳˣ
ʯ䣬һڶ
ײǰаˣĿ׺ݣɢеɱˣԲ֮ڣŤһһȥеһжģ
϶㼤ŭˣ
ײݺݶǰаˡ
һ֮УûܹƵ˵ز°˹ǰҲҪͷ֡һΣײһδԶͬĶߣһɱɱ
ĵңΪû˿ε𣡡
аɫȻɫ԰ף˿áڸոһսУײƽɫ˭Ҳûռˡ
ʦ
ʱһĵĴдԶ
ŰڣԶаˣ¶͹ĵɫײȻǱʦа˵ҲУаӵ޿ɱĵλ岻ϣܵκ˺
ߴˣ̽ף峤һ֣ɵײ
쳹ա
һ䣬ǧһײȥ
ͬһʱ䣬Ļ֥ǧԼ˴峤ͬ־Ѫսĺڼڣһ࣬еĵ۹ȫײȥ
ֻҪɱײⳡսܹʤ
ƺƣϣð̫ҪҵĹâⳡսĵײɵײʳӣתʵ
սƼ仯ʱýޱȣ֮κʱҪΣա
䣡
һֻѰһĺɫѥ͵̤˳˵ĵһҪǻ죬Ŀ겻Υ£ͬԲ뵽ҵսС
һĵߵ۹󽫼Ӵʶƿնײϡ
ʱײҲɱɫֻͨĵ۹ҲͰˣײʵȫһڡ˳ǧˣײԲ⣬ǰаڣײȴоԼǿвĴڡ
ߣ
ʯ䣬һȴ˹ֿǰڵ˹Ѿˣܲμսһʼսȱһ۹󽫣˹ָûаտսʤˡ
ۿΧһϢǿɽʹ󺣰ϢԾ˵ٶȼٽӽײԭأһΪʳսĽҪײˣ̸ס
߰
˹ļ٣ʱ߲ˡ
ķ֣㣡
ʱһϵ˴峤ģҲϵġ
¡âһƺƣ˵ĿУΧ֮ڣԪ˴峤۶ЩԪ룬һֻɫľִɽ壬Ȼƿնײײȥ
ˣ
һĻײȻ֮ɫ䡣
˴峤ʽȻа߰˷ƣ˾ȻһһصĴڡһаˣײˡǼһ˴峤һоͽȻͬ
䣡
ʯ䣬һɫĽֺƵ͵ƿն˴峤һɫײͬһʱ䣬ķۣһֻɽľȭʵʣײ˹ȥ
һ̣аҲˡ


1112 ʤ
¡¡
𶯣ɽ顣ɫĽײȥɫľֺȻ飬ܿ죬ײĽҲаһȭ顣
ߣ
аˡ˴峤Լ󷽵ĺڼиĴƵ۹ǣײԽʱҲòѡ˺ˡ
˵ĿУһһ콣ᴩ˲Ϣ֮䣬ݽɽаˡ˴峤Լãã纣Ĵƾȥ
ײΪһĽɫ磬ź󷽳ȥ

ɽײһߣɲǼ䣬еĴʳͻʺ˹ڣ׷׳ˮ㳷ȥ
׷
˾糱ˮһ㣬ǵأڴʳβɱȥ
гȫǰ
ţ
󷽣պɽĿƽץסᣬԥָǰ
䣡䣡䣡
һХ˲ԶһĴʳգ֮䣬һŵĴʳľ׮㵹¡
̶ʱڣƵĴʳ˹ԼͻʵıⲨбնɱ뿪˸ڻ£Ƶһ׷𱱣׵ռơ
Ӱ
ߣ
ɱˣ

һʳ˹غͻʵ֣̿һƬУԶܡۣѪէ֣һʳ˲䱻һƵ׷ϣһ̴˲ϷһĨĨĵգ˴׹
ҵʹú󷽵ǰײ˴һ𷭵ڵϣ󷽵ȸϣ׷״̴嵹ض
е˹ȫȡ·ߣ˼еȫشƵĲӣ
ʯ䣬м̶ʱڣһ
˼սıȻ࣬ǴɫǣȴԶ󡣼㱻ɱ˲٣ҲȻͷ֮ࡣȻЩȺƵĶǰʲôʵԵвǴʱ˿̣شƵ׷ɱȴõĹߡ
ۣ
һؽӶֻһͷȳ˻ɫǸոڿն𣬾ͱһƵĶʿӶͷм俪ʼһն롣ʬѪˮڵأȻûֹȺȿֺ󣬷س赲ƾӡ
˼ںʹ޵һеҲǴۿۣһΣ˼ȴû˿ԥɳеȺȫֹ
һսĽȫԤϣ˼Լսľ
ֹƵĲӣͻʵҲпȫһսС
ţ
պɽֱһӣһѸٽһֱϵʮƥǶڵءȻ󣬴ֻԸзʿֹؼʱպɽҲ˲ˡ
أһҺУȺľǲϵ£ѸٱһѸʿȫ޵׷ɱȥ
ˣ˼ȺΪӮ˼Ҫһ˿Ϣ֮
ܿ죬ĴƱԽϰһ·׷ɱһβ׷һձеĴƱͨӵһ׷˹սԵҽں󷽣ҧţ׷Ŵʳ˹غͻʵı
һ·׷ʮ·ȫʬ壬Ѫ·ߣȾһĹ켣
ȫ棡
̳УΪǧＴ׷ɱĹУҲ޵ͣǹɿֲͬʣе֣̻̿ɥ֮Ȯ
еıٶ죬⻷£¾ľҲԱ⣬ҲǴƾж˹ءͻʡʳвһ֧ӡһ·׷ɱ൱һֵıϡ
ˣ
׼һ׷ɱȥʱǰһɫӰ΢Σ׹
忪ʼû⣬һ̣һۣʱʧɫ
ʦ
æǵϤӰ˹ȥһӰڷ˶£аǰֻʱаֽɫȻȴһѪ˿а˵ȻҲڼأϸȥͬһѪˮ˳еָ
ô
һɫţҲ룬һץסа˵ͬʱĹӿƵӿа˵ڡ
Ҫ
а˰˰֣ܿ۾ƽϢڵ
ֻһС˶ѣһܵ𡣵֮Բôʳ˺ײǱ߷κζߡ
а˵ʱϵϢԽҡ
һž䣬ͽİ㣬ɵӰԶеĴǧȻǰȫÿһѨɵ˵ͲҪҲ˵Ϳ顣
ʵϣаܹڵﱻƵ£ǧ־磬¾žѧĴʼ˶뵽ˣа˵ĵﱻϣǶ˼
ʦȱ˵ˣ
Ϊͳ˧һ˳ᢣ侲ǣһΣаˣϵһγ˽źͲɫ
壬ɡʦ˽⣬ңĹҲ
һϵӶߴ˴峤սӺ󷽸˹
а˵ʵκ˷ֵĶҪ硣ⳡսȻɹסײаҲԶȱ濴Ͼơ
ײϾ͡ռ̫ƣҲаһﱻơ
սϺײֵʱ˴峤ѾλʳսѶԸͬʱҲаˣֻΪأ˴峤һֶû˵
壬Ҫײɣ׷Ƴ
û˵ֻǿɫ԰׵ʦаˡ˵һаˣʱ廹ûаˣʵ̫ǿ̫ǿˣ½ᶼѹ֪УʦԶܵġ
ȥɣΪأ
а˱۾˵һ䡣
ϴ峤ʦ鷳ˣ
ҧҧڷսŴԶ׷ɱȥ
һ׷ɱһֱҹĻʱ֣İ֡ƲӱϾ࣬ǿ׷ɱȥܿɲѽڣʳת
һֱǰҲʳˣձŲӣص˹֮ǡ
䣡
Ƶ˹ڣͻȻһ춯صĻ
̫ˣʤˣǴʤˣ
ִ֮˹ǽȷµĹһ˷ܣŴӳ˳ţҲ׳ŵӣӳǳ˳
ʼЩ㲻״ǿصĴԼеĹӶ˶Żһ˷ֱܵ͸
ʤˣ
ǾȻԼﵽʮ˹ءͻʺʹʳˣһʼû뵽ġ
һսӹһ١
忴һۻȸԾȺȴûжʱʤϲãܿ˹ĳڡ


1113 У֮Դ

ϣаϥһһŨҵͷڶ֪˶ãаһԭ԰׵ɫҲ𽥱ú
˷֥塢ǧϵ˶עаˣһĻ׷һ
а˵ΪߣҲֻʵһһսУֵײа˳ʲô£롣
ʦô
аչǰһǡ
Ѿûˣ
аҡҡͷһ˵ţһߴӴϸʦֻϢ΢΢ЩңʼôϢƽͣжʱһ˿ǵɫȻʦ˵ôá
ߴˣ̽ллǣʦѾûˣҶȥϢɡ⣬һЩºʦ¡
ʱعͷ˵
ţҲáδսһһͱתˡңҵ˲٣ȥϢɡ
֥ع˵ͷкһˣһȺȥ
ܿ죬ֻʣ塢аԼ˴峤ˡ
аȻ˴峤ʶãһҲѡ
ʦô𣿡
һǵûˣȻҲòűܻ䡣
а˳Ĭãڵ˵ͷ
ʵҲֻκأһֱˡûеѨֽӽ΢ļսҺѳ̫ã
ѵûκΰ취޸𣿡
гص
а˿һ˴峤˶ҡҡͷ
ʵϴʦ˹ظԭЩ˹֮Һʦȥ˴ĵ伮Ȼ˴һط˴ĵ伮ûеĹ±Һķֲеĵ伮ҲһЩϣǲûҵκصĵ伮
֮Դﱻƣû˵ġķƶ´ﵽ۷壬Ѿ൱ˣջһͣҲžȻ顣
һԱߴûа˵˴峤ͻȻڵ
̧ͷһֻۣʦа˳ĬȻĬˡ
ô

ʦа˵Ϊ裬ˡ£磬ʦһĶڣ˵ûа취¾ͺҵʲô޲ķˡ
ҲصģΪʦһͣѾûʲôźˡΪʦڵĵģǸײ
һΣΪʦȻϴ峤˾ߣϾ࣬ȵ޸ƣضֻҺϴ峤ʱֵû⣬ǳʱ˵һϴ峤ѵֵס
а˿ڵ
û˵üȴӹһ˿
ս˴峤а˵ʵߣǶԸײºֵܹסʦﱻƣ˴峤Ѹߣﵽ˾ʮĸ䣬һûа취ײȵģҲ޷ıһʵ
ʦȺúϢײҶ취ġ
仰а˺˴峤࿴һۣ˶Ц
Һʦˣֻܿ㡣
˴峤ź룬ͻȻЦ
ҲΪʦ뷨츳Ϊʦƽôﵽʥ侳Ҳ֤һ㣡
а˴ʱҲ΢Цš

忴һ΢Цʦ˴峤ʱסˣʲô˼
ʦȻʩչħ󣬵ʵ۹󽫵ļûдﵽײǽӽ΢ĸ֡ڵΪײĶ֡

ʦ˴峤ⷬʵ̫ͻȻˣȫԤϡ岢ûкײ֣Ҳ״ʱ֮Ĳʵ̫̫ˡ
ڵ㵱ȻС
аЦˣĿǣ
ʦ˵ÿ֣㶼Ҫرϸϴ峤ʦͽɡ⣬Ҫһ鷳ǻ
Ǻǣķ֣ˡ
ϴ峤Ӧһܿ˳ȥ
һʦаˣͻȻʲôʱĬٶ˵
а˻׿壬֪Ѿ׹΢Цŵ˵ͷԼߣҴͨҲĵط
СΪʦյӣҲǽеӡСӣΪʦûа취Դʦ²ģҲֻ㡣컯ΪʦѾˣΪʦšǧ㣬ҲΪʦǧϵ˹һҪĿġ
а˵
忴ǰʦһ˿мɫ
ʦԼڣģ޲ȫ̸Լһ֮У˼ˣʦаǶԼõġУҲѰԼˡ
ЩͷԺһܿ죬侲
ʦ˵ǧʹ컯ǺеĹͻ𣿡
嶨˶񣬳
ǧƲƶҪʱ䡣˹ս»ûȫƽͽûа취ʱɢޡ
ǧȫѨΪ֪ĹǻͻģʹҪǧܡ
ǺǣһʱһʱǰĻȻܡΪʦģǽֻǧǸԴ֮
а΢Ц
֮
üͷһ̧ͷһ¶ɫⷬԤȫͬ
κ䶯ֻʽֻҪ漰Ĺ͵Ϳƹеƺ;һǧҲˡ
аһۺ룬΢΢һЦ˵һȻͬѧ
һ漴򣬳˼
ʦͰǧȫķ㣬ϸˣϣ
ʱȣа˽ǧķһһֵĵ˳ʦҲҵϸǧ֮࣬ݼ¡
סˣ
һϵӶߴһ̣аͻȻһĳļϡ
Ҿ͸㣬ʲô֮
䣡
һ룬պûе巴Ӧͱһɴа˲һƬģδ硣
۾ϸˣʵĿֻҪıʣͿԴ΢ľ硣
ֻ֪۹󽫾۷壬ûж֪ڵ۹֮ϻһ΢ġ΢
Ϊǿ֥˼ˣʹܵ˵ľһ΢ֶ֪˴峤аĴڣһܴĦ㾳硣
崫ǧֶֻΣԼɲ΢ڸ壬а˵Ŀġ
ҲǸ飬һеȫһС


1114 ֮磡
Х޾Ĺâ˷ӿһνӴľ磬Ĺâɫͬµλá
ؼ𣿡
忴ܣ૵

һϤдʦа˵
֮ӵгǧֲͬġֻһֻ֣˵ǼѡͬͬȻҲͬǽЩؼڣΪã̡
лʦָ㣬ͽף
Ȼ
ӵ꣬а˸Щаֻ΢㲦ѾۻȻġ
ǺǣȻԼߡΪʦϴ峤òеĵΪҪܾòףû뵽һͨ
аһοʤа˵յһԼɫǰ;ĵӣʲôźġ
ϸȥܣо𣿲ͬɫŲͬʣͬɫҲߵ֣֮еϸе罭ӺƵҪľЩ罭ȵϵ׳Լ
ԣ㣬ľûʵõʵı仯ӳڵǰ֮ϵսﵽһؾ磬ûдﵽ۹󽫵ļʲôϵأ
ˣ
а˵һ䣬ǰٴα仯ʱԽķḻɫҲԽޣռ£зλĸɫšĸУʱҲ˲٣ͺʹ÷Ŵ󾵹ۿһ
֪ʦƾǿΪ;磬һֱ۵ķʽеչָԼ˴ʱапġ硱ʱȻҲܿ
Լй飬Խϧᣬ͵طſȫ뵽硣
ʶУ壬Ҳû
彫ɢ˸ࡣЩ飬硣ϸȥ֪ͻᷢЩɫ޵е㱩ңеȴˮе˪㺮䣬еȴһů
һ֣֣֣֡̽оԽԽ಻ͬʵ֣ǧ֣֣ԽȥܣԽᵽԶԪô򵥡ֻһͳĳƺԶ⸴ӵöࡣ
忴һɫͻȻһƵͷԺвһ̣һһʶͻȻ̽УˣͺһͻȻ̤һһ
һ̣忴һȻͬľ󡣾ɫڲϸС΢飬ÿ䡣
ˣİءǰЩϸСҺϴ峤ΪӣеɳǧָСĽӹɡܡ
а˵ʶκεľٶָơ
ϣЩԼߣһͨЩµĵ㶼òֻ̫ͣҪ΢һЩͿԳסʣһѧš
ϧˣҪ⺢Ӿͺˣ
авź뵽
ֳԣܹϸ̵ڵĳɾԶԶԼ̤΢һ
ʱȴ֪ʦⷬͷ
а˵Ļд˷Ȳѡ֪ЩΪһִ磬ԣа˵жָơʦа˾Ȼܹͨʵʣʵ˾̾ѡ
Χĵģһ鼢ʵĺһϵ̽δ֪硣а˵ġ͡ӡĵѾף֪һ£֪һ£ûЩһֱ۵ķʽչԼǰİǼġ
ÿʱỵ̈ÿһȥıԴ֪ĸ򣬶ϵӣ֪͸Ȼľ磬Ǿа˵ģıʣھ粻£ͬԼһѧøǿսҪﵽǸ磬ֱӷӳָ߲εս
ıԴ֪ϵţʱ仺ȥ֪˶ãͻȻٴʦа˵
ȻûΪʦʧôЩΪʦͽҲҪĶ΢
ˣ
仰΢æȫע֪ʦ˵ÿһֶΪҪ
΢
嵱ﵽ˱ʥľ磬Ҳûܹ΢ļڣֻ֪ʥ侳۷ǵ۹󽫣۹󽫵侳ôﵽ侳ͷƴȫҲŶ롣
һֱڵ۹󽫵ľ磬޷ˣȫ²֪֥˼˼˳溲滹гһ侳ҲҪɹģʷҲֻһΪǧһ۵ġʥʡѡ
һֱΪΪ츳ԭҪﵽߵľ磬ͱӵʥžޣƥ츳ڿһԶˡȻ侳¸ңɼ߲ʣм䣬һͨ΢ʾͨձ˰ĵһ̨ס
뵽в΢΢ЩȺڴ屾Ϊа˽˵һµĵʵķչҪ򵥵Ķࡣ
̧ͷϿ
а˵һʶ̧ͷһ̣𣬾̧ͷɲǣͷϷһĥĳ
͸һţռϷͬʱҲռĵط忴һŷ·һĽɫȣЩǿ̫ˡĸ֪УЩŵڲžɽһ嫡ҡ񱩵
ܵĵزڵ̧ͷʱ򣬶̲סһհĸоռе⼸ŽɫɫϽɫǰө֮£Ե΢
ǡ
һ˲ϢԺӹǧͷ·ʲôһʱ֮ץס
Щ֮󣬾΢磬ʵռ䣬ֻΪߵʵ̫֪̫̫޷ѣЩߣ۹ڣʵȡĶͨһΪﵽ΢磬һоͻȻͬԼȡռ߲εҲЩ
Ǹʳ֮ӵǿʣΪȡһЩ΢Ϊʦˣϴ峤Ҳˣֻ˵ףɲ΢սҺϴ峤ܾսȻ취Ǹʳˡ


1115 ޵˵һ
ʦͽˣ
˵ͷһ
Ϊʦţһգͻʥ۷壬ﵽ΢Ϊʦû顣
а˵ӶߴԽԽС̵ܽģа˶ѾˣģͿԼˡ
ʱ仺ȥа˵ķʱֱҹŴ˳
峤ллˣ
ӷ̤ſڵ˴峤幪һԵ
Ǻǣ컯ҲΪԼߣʲôϵأ
˴峤΢΢Цڵ壬׼۷ΪϺ֮ǰûκεı仯˴峤ȥȴԸоϵϢԽıʢͬľ٣һֲһ㣬ⲻǵֿݵġ
岻ſʮܴ꣬ﵽ־磬ӵ˲˼顣
ܿ뿪ˡ
ү
ո뿪ãһӰӺڰд˳ֱֱĵǰ
ոյţӥСھ˹ʮ⣬˴ʳ˵Ķ飬ʹԤһЩʳˣ˹ˣͻ˲û뿪ߴˣ̽ľѾȫڴ֮УֻүˡߴСүȥ

֪ˣ
üͷһûж˵Ҵ˹ȥ

ҹĻʹ˹ӹʮĿⶨڴһ۵ĵطϸȥһðʱ˿̣֪˹ˣͻˣʳ˾ۼ
һսʧʮˣµʮһ·ܣӵ
սѾǴʱ˿̣ھӪеĴʳ˵һлԶûн
Ҳͬ⣡Ҿͬʱͳ
Ӫﳳòɿ͵һƣһ͵ǰϣͨ죬鼤ѡ
ⳡսԶûнǻʮһս֮ҵľ˹˵³Щͻ˵ǻʵбһսΪʲôҪˣ
ûι﷢ǵǴݻ˹ƽͳһ磬ڳˣ׼ӭӹ﷢ķŭʳеĵ۹ܶǻôǣЩǻôǣ﷢οǣǾĩգ
˵󣬰ɫޱȣ䣬ǰӣܲס°ݣֳһӡ
Ӫ˿һĻĬ˵ķŭ⣬һɸı䲻ʲô
ˣѾˣ֧˵ʵĻҪǿĶ࣬ľ˾Żû̫ʧʵ̴棬ҵĶͷţᲮ˹ţʧ˹ֵѪźηҲʧأҶˣҪ˵ˡ
ȥûʲôѵҪеıʧĸ𣡡
˹ɫ԰ףϻױƺڼף׵ȱں¶˺۵ţűҩ࣬ȻѪˮ
ڼһƣԶֻǽô򵥣൱İ
ˣ֪Ҫˣңһǰ˹еĿһ㶼㡣飬Ҫӳ顣ڲǱǶ󽫵ϣǶѾռ˿ƣټȥҲºʲôͻơ
˹ִʱҲˣһܹ̾սʤ֣Ը⳷ˣ
ǳˣǷǳＯټ֣һԾʱ˾һսҲ٣
裡
۾ͨ
ֻҪǳˣǾԶĳ裬ôı䲻ˡ˹֣ϳսܷʲô㻹һ𣿡
ˣ˵Ҷ֪û£ٴηʤĻᷢʲô
˹ֵ
˶ʱסˣҪ̸ס
ΣǾԲ᳷˵ģײأѵҲһҪսӣﳷ𣿡
˵һ䣬ӪڣͻȻһƬţվһԵǵҲһĿ˹һսȻ˹֣˹ʧ˴ıʵʧģײϾʧıԶӪеκһλ
Ѫ޾ţţţЩײ³ʳ۹ĶӣҲײĵսⳡսıûЩĵľӣײµľʵ½Ѹٵǰʮ֮УҲ֮ǰ˶̸ܹײԭ
ټײڴʳأ˵һû˸ҵ˭Ҳû뵽ڷŭ֮£Ȼײһŭײ룬˭Ҳ֪ŭ»ʲô
ˣ
ɲǼ䣬ӪڵһƬţ˹ֶ΢΢ЩȻʱİͷϣѾȫܲˡ
ˣⳡսȷʵûг˵ʱ򡣡
һ̣Ԥϣ˭Ҳû뵽ײȻӦˣҸûеķŭ
һʱ֮䣬Ҫ˵˹ֺͰ˹ˣԼסˣڼ侲˺һ亹
ⳡսԶûнǸͷѾһˣѾϵһкܴ⣬;ս
ײ
һԾ˶ײĻסˣǸƵĺжǿ˶ˣܹؼΪãܹײ£ΪĴڣײʵⳡսһͬĽҲӪڵⷬͻˡ
һͻϮʧܶգҲܲɷֵĹϵֹѪսĲǰ˹ײ˵ʤˡ
˷׷׳ײ˹ȥҲʱ˲ŷ֣ԭӸոյڣײһֱ˼֮С
սһԳָɵ
ײ
һɲǣ˹üͷӪڵҲ΢
˹֮ǰսˣµĲҲʧأҲҪ˵ԭ򣬵ǣײҪս˹Ĵʱͱ΢ҲǣҲǡ

ҲʱͻȻһӪ⴫һʳͷ鹧ҴææĴӪ˽
ˣ˹˺ͻ
ӪһӰ˹ԥһ£ܿ
ǽɣ
ⳡսǴʳ˹أͻʧأȻʼʱ˶˹غͻʶ΢ʣǰж˹غͻѾж֤ԼӮ˴ʳ˵ءҲûбҪٺ˹أͻʼƽЩˡ
һӿӪʵӴ򿪣ͷأç֧˼һ룬Ѹٴ˽
ܶˣײˣλˣ
޿ڵһھ˵һĴʳ˹غͻֻдһ˶ʳһεĽʵĽ˴


1116 ޵˵
֪࣬ҹݷʲô£
˹΢ɲüͷȻԴ޺˹̸ᣬϾʳǴʳˣ˹˹ˣҲλû޹ԭ
Ǻǣܶ˹ʣ޾Ͳˡ
΢΢һЦƵᣬɨһӪڵˣʱָƣ
޲µûܶ׼Ӫشʳ˵ɡ
ӪڶʱĬ˲٣һȺǰ˼ʵڲʲô顣
㣬ⳡսѾˣҲδܹˣ
˹ֱ˵εսһҲûʲôġ
ǺǣΪԭ𣿡
һݣƵ
ȫǣҲԭ֮һƾڵı޷ƶԷĴֻͽ
˹ƽ
̹˵Щɻ󣬴ҹ٣ͻȻⷭʲôסˡڴޣٻЩ˽⣬֪һλ˹أıô˵ԭ
ֻǣ˹ֲ֪ЩǣսѾֵزλ˹صĴൽ׻Ҫʲôѵ˹صĲͻȻ㳲𣿵ǣ˹زѾޱ
޵а취ܶΪܶ˸òôڳ룡
΢΢Ц
ˣ
޵ĻӪն䣬˶ǻ𡣰ˡ˹˹֡ǵ£սܶײ·ܵһһȺ˷׷׿˴ޡ
˹˵죬˱̫ӡܹԷ󷨣һоȫͬ
Ǻǣ
ȻһЦƺӪڣʳڽķӦԤ֮С
۶ԴƵ˽⣬վûܹȵ
ʲô취
һӶߴһΣײӹ˻ȨͻȻڵ
ײˣ֪ŵľǸƵĺˣʵа취԰Ըֻ黹ҪİУ
΢Ц
䣡
仰Ӫڣ˽ԾײһüͷײԸ͸߰ҲòϣǸ˵ʵƽЩ˹˵ǿԶԸǸˣֱš
ç֧Ѷɡ
޶ۻ𣬰˵ķӦ۵ףҲûж˵ź󷽵Ķç֧˸ơһ̣˵ĿУç֧ǰһɫģȭͷСŷػƵСϣ𵴣һö
öӪڣʳȫ¶ɻɫ
ʲô
̲סȴ˼ž
ǴѩɽشķнǧʷܶôǿĶ֣ԽԷС
޵һ˵ţһ߳Ķç֧˸ơ
䣡
߻⣬ͻȻǰ˸ֻһ죬һ̣˵ĿУֻȭͷСĽɫͻȻڿնھһɶߵУͬʱһɰģɽһĿֲ籩һ㣬ҵıӪʡ
ŵŵţ
ɲǼ䣬˾ԱɫһȫֵɫֲֿȻǿ簬˹֣˵ˣҲɻԵǰȵĵŵźˡֹˣںͽɫȫʱ˶жһĴ̶
һ룬𶯵ĿУӪڣԭѾĳһӡģӣһӴ£ͻȻ𣬲ҼŤ仯ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬˵Ƥ±Ťһ黨
ͬһʱ䣬һǣĽӣʱмӿ
ֻһɲǣһֻƴбɲ˳Уֻɫͺʧȥе䵽ֻģç֧һ
ʧˣ
ç֧˵䣬ҲܶԷö˵˴޵ı
Ŀ죬ȥҲ죬ʧһָֻƽֻӪǧٿףĿ꣬˵˶Ϣң΢΢ЩǱ˱ЩɣֻôδЩʣʱʱ֡
Ѿˣ⻹ֻĵһѣȫվĵط»ữΪ⣬ҪʩչŷƾǵʵЩײ˺Ǹ˵ʵʵ̫ǿˣǸûа취ȻҲ޴ʩչһ棬»Ҫײϣᡣ
ɨһӪڵˣ
޵Ļ˳ĬֻҪǼײаսˣỳɴ޵Ļǵʵʵ̫ǿ̫ǿˣ˱ľɳͨ쳹أſֲĻ
ǵ۹󽫣ǰҲȴֻ»ûпͱ˽ֵˡ
ԣ
ײĿڵ
֣¶һ˿Цݡ
һ飬޻һƣǷΪʤͬҪλͨϣֻҪõλаգһȡʤλҲԿ飬òų
˵棬ްԼļƲߣԭԭ˵˳Ӫڣԭڴ޵ĻĻˣش볷˵Ŀܶ˹̲ס
࣬Ե棿˵ģ˼ܳɣôһսǱʤɣ
˹ݺݵȭͷ
Ц
ӪڣҲһɣ֮ǰĳĬһɨա
ǻһ¾սƻɣ
΢΢һЦһгŴ½ͼ̯
Χ˹֡˹ˣײһ˹˶뵽ⳡ۵С
֮ǰЩң˹ءͻʡʳ£һͬЭһʱ֮޼϶

Ŀ¾۽˹ڣ޾һϸսƻʱ˹ڣ塢֥ѶɡԿ֮˾ۼһսš
ӥСѾϢʳ˵ڶûˣȻûзӪסŲض
ڣƻͨϯԪ͵һϣɫص
ͬ¶һ˿š
ʲôܻһΣܻΣҾͲоѪս죬ǻ
¦ʦɫͨ죬һߵ
ʦǣûô򵥣˵ĻҲˡǰаˣڵֹۣ岻;սֻϣײǱ߻ûзһ㡣ڸ֪ʳǱǷԮײһղǶԣʼǸ޴в
һԣǧ͵


1117 ļƻ
ǧ˵ĲһսʳʮңȻǶ࣬⣬Ȼһսʧ󣬵ؼǣ󳵲ӵѾĵòˡһû㹻󳵲Ӿͺѷ
֥ⷬ˵÷ǳί񣬴Ȼˣǧ˶󳵲ӵġ
Щ󳵲ӵսʿȫ˿֮·ϵɽˣȻպɽѵ˺ܴı仯ǵսȻǿûа취ʹʳ̱ӡ
仰˵õı˲˶Կʮһ棬ƵȻֹۡ
պɽսռ˶
ͻȻŤͷһԵպɽ
õģûʹõֻܹǧ֧ȻǵڻսѼȥЩ൱ֲҪôͷۣҪôŤѾ֮ǰȥ޲ˡǣҵʱϿ
պɽ
޲Ҫʱ䣬Ǵսڼ´ʳ˸㹻ʱȥ޲ǧ֧Ȼ޷Դʳ㹻
ʵǵıȡʩشȴʳǵһṥģǽǽأδزԷסǣٴθػʳʮֻʣʮ࣬ʧأڸżӦǶǡ
ǺѶɣͻȻǰ
һսȻǺʧأǶڴƣѶȴġǺʧֻһʱõȴǽԶ档
ԭϵũ壬ĿȫͬΪӶսʿֺƴսȥһսʿٵĽ֣οδǺܻʢ٣һоֵˡ
ûô򵥣һսĹؼڴʳ˵ʮҲǾײܸɵײشԹأûκ塣ֻҪһͿƻеķ
ͻȻһԱߴԿ֮ǰ˼ͻȻڵԵ硣
ΪԿ죬Կ֮ĸԣԼѧľʹܹһѪĿıʡ
Կ֮һ䣬ͻȻһƬžţÿһ˶˼
ײǿӹɣһ̩ɽһѹ˵ͷ˴
⣬ƾͺʤΪײͰ˹ֿټһһεľвԶ̸ϰ˹Ҳʱܱơ
˶ڤ˼룬鲻ͬıԣûôļɣȭȭӲҪײ̸ס
أ˵üͷԽԽ嶼ͬˡĿһһӹϵɳ̣ɳϣһɳݳɵꡢɽ塢ƽԭǱԶĺɭֶɼ˹ĵɳ̣Ѿ飬еһжָơ
Ŀӹ˹֮ǵʱͻȻһһͷʱԺ
ߴˡ̽һ취˵ɱײ
̧ͷͻȻڵ
һʯǧˣ򵥵һ仰ʱɲ
֥ǧͬԿ֮պɽڣ˹塣ÿ˵ж¶˼𶯵ɫ
ʲô鶼ıȥƽ⣬Ψʵԡ
ĿԸɵײô߽ԲΪǣǰ˹ֻǰˣֻ˹غͻʵˣǴƵĶ֡
ɵİգһлҪ˵ϺͬУ
ûԥԺд󵨵뷨˵˳
ˣ
Ȼֻ赭дļ仰ļƻÿжһ޴Ĳ
󵨵ˣпյ뷨𾪵ľþ˵Կ֮ѶɡϯԪ졢¦ʦǣһ𺳲ѡ
̫ˣˣⷬ˵ģһΪǸǸӡ
ϯԪͻȻ̲ס
ϯԪйӴģһ̵壬ϯԪ춼оеİַ󵨣κ˶¼̵ӡϯԪȻǰ˵ִ˵ۼĵʶԶȴ˵еĻҪˡ
Ȼ񣬵ƻȷʵУ𣿡
ǧ˼Ƭ̣ͻȻڵ
Ҳȷʵûиõİ취ˡ
̽˵еҲΪ˵ĻȷʵС
ʱҲ̲סǰڵⳡ»飬ѵòһ䡣
壬Ͱ˵İɡ棬š
ʱһ˶𣬸֥ͻȻڣһ
ʳ⽫ΨһĻᣡ
һ仰֥Ŀ磬ɨˡ
ܿڵ˶һ£˹͸֥ĵλߣλ˧һµĻȻҲûκʡ
Ȼû飬ǾͿʼɣ
֥ɨһۣȻټȫۼһ𣬿ʼϸ̸ϸսԼƻ

ʱţԤеһսԤеĻҪöࡣ
¡¡̳غǧսӿŲʱ֣ʮĴʳ˹ءͻʱѾ˹ǵսھһ߻߰ǧ⣬бͣ
úÿ죡
߸ߵĸǽ͸֥ϡа˲Զ˳ϯĴʳӹһ˿Ĺâ
ģƺʱҪһ㡣
˵ķλԶԶȥֻ˹Ķ棬飬ãã纣ȫǴʳ˹ءͻʵʧءʣʮıսſƼ产ˡ
ãã֮У˲һƮս죬ɸһּĳС
һƥƥս˻ţƺʱһɲǼ䣬ޱȡ
ҹʳͣڼʮ⣬㲻ǰ˾֪ʳ˳˭Ҳû뵽ô죬ŸոǾ͵ִսζѾҹѾʼо
Чʲνˣʳˡ˹ˡͻ˵ľҲɴ˿ɼ
׼
һ쳹աһ䣬һĻһѸңƽ˳֮СǷļ⣬׼Զ
е󳵲սʿƽʵһŲѡֻԼ֪ڵֻǧˡÿ󳵼ֻһΡ
εĶʵ̫ǿеĻ׶֣ټ࣬ĺԶɽ纣Ȼһգ˳ǰѹûġ
һգԷӵĴʳӣû˸ᷢʲôȻŤͷǵɫӰٴ
Ϊ󳵲ӵսʿҲμ˹֮սҪս˶ףʵǶǲϸģֻ˿֮·ϵһȺɽˣҽ
պɽȴޱǣ飬ռҪĴƳ󣬲һһεĽԼڷ˼⡣


1118 Ƹۣ
ͥһսһսԼڵ˹֮սպɽԶʿ䣬ͬս
Ȼݵ΢պɽȴԸΪ硣պɽУǲֵܡ
ˮ֮ӿȪ౨պɽǵֵܣҲպɽԼֵܡˣֻҪûˣô˾ԴˣҲһ
ˣ׼
һ¡󳵲Ӿλʱһ˴͵ز棬Ҳ㡣ڼŴִľѪս죬Ӵ󷽻ǰȥ
źڼĳɲǼ䣬ӿرɫںڼΧһ֧֧УǰӿȥһӴѹˮ㣬ӿ
žѪսʹӵĳ֣նʱýսһϯĴʳҲ׷¶ŵɫս£ֱֲɱ¾
գ
սԽԽŵʱͻȻһϵŽĲԶͻıʶʱ˵ע⣬˵ĿУˮĴʳӷֿһӰһƥѩ˳ȾԶ˾޴ս£ʻ˳
ޣ
Ƥһ˲ϳ
ͬʱԶססսĿɨһ˹ķѸٶ˰ڱϵ塣
壬֥ɸǰһ
йâһǺ˳ҷ磬սഫ
͸֥˴Ĭһۣ˫˫һһ¶¸߸ߵĸǽ˳ȥ
һ࣬߳ĸ֥ɫĴʳս£˹һ˵һֿͬȺǰ˹֮սĸҪķˣһսǰսңңԣնʱ΢
ޣսһˣ㻹𣿡
ŰڣŶĴ޵΢紵޵ĳҲ֮趯һս㣬ǰ֪֪֮ף˭ⳡģӴսһ˧ֻһʮꡣ
ܿܣΨ˶ѡһսûнһ̣˭֪˭ʤ˭أ
޿ȻһЦ
ǲлģҲᡣޣ˹Ѿˣʹʳ˹ᣬٴˣʲô壬ֻøҶѡ
һԱߴ֥ڵ
֥Դ޲̫˽⣬˫ĽӴҲ࣬һεսʣеһؼ
ƺʹʳ֮սԶûôӣٵһ׶սʱ򣬴ƾò븹ܵе˹صļλ۹󽫣ҲԴ˼в˵Ǵ޵Ұģʹÿһʧء
սһȻƳϣǴƣǴʳ˹ءͻʣʧء
Ǻǣߴ󶼻Ҫ˵̫һսʱ̣֪Ӯأ壬֮սʮ㣬һսͳ˽ӽʮıһս֮ǰǲΣ
ǰһ仰޻ǶԸ֥˵ģһ仰ȴŤͷһԵ塣
УʼչڻĻǳսԶ޷ȴģվڸ֥Ե塣
壬޻ǰϵ緢Ĵ࣬壬޲һٰܣ䵽˹ڴʳˣϣͨʳܴơ
Ϊһۣô˵ıϥ
ģ
۾һУ͵һ¡Ӵ޵Уܵһζ
ʲôģ
Ǻǣһս֮һսǲԼΣһ׵ܣƴб֮ǰ˭Ҳúˡһ뿪ԼĹȣýԷأΣ
һ䣬޵ͻȻ
ȻҲԾܾ
ɲǼ䣬սһƬţ˵Ŀⶼϣ֥Ҳ˹û˵ֻңңŶĴޡ޺Ͼǹһ˿Цݣƺ岻Ӧ
ǣԸ
ͻȻڣԥ
ǴƻǴʳȫû·ⷬ˵Ǹ˵ǸԼģʣһսѾ¶˾ģҪʹƾһսԲӦǲӦڴ˵û
ʹ޵УҪֳһʤ
塢޽̸ͬʱ˹Ҳˡʹ޲ͬʼֻһ֥ⳡճ־õս˶վҪ˶
֥ҲԼΣһսʳʧܣӾȥ˻غɺһʳʮ֮ڲ̤˹ʧܡ
һսʧܣʳ֮ĳ˱ᣬʳΪУ
ûȰ˹˵֥꣬
ãһΪ
˹йâһͻȻתͷŴȥ
˵޵޵Ļô˹ֵ޵бȻǰ󶼻֥
˵ⳡսĸ£ڶûн˹Ҳòϣ֥Լһ֮мǿѲĶ֡
һս㲻ܳɹɱ֥ƾⷬĶҲԷϵһǿĵ۹󽫣ΪʳһǿĶ֡
߰ɣ
֥кһ壬ͬȥ
һսĽΣƺʹʳ֮ԲκµսˡȻǴƻǴʳѾⳡճ־õս˫¶˾ģ⽫ķ֮һս
׼
ԶԶأһĴʳܿ죬صĺŽ𣬴նʱɱޱȡ
ͬһʱ䣬ϣһĽƿն߸ߵĸߺеĴƾȫνʣؼХɳʯսһ
ɱ
·ֻһɲǣֺͣͻȻһɱ˺أʮʳ˹غͻʵı˲Ϣͬкբ֮ˮӿŴƵĵһ߳ȥ
䣡
غһҵ춯Ӷд
˵ĿУĸ˺ɫĴʳս죬һ˹صİţս죬һͻʵս죬˾޴˧ͻȻӵγȻŴƵķһĻɫ䡣
ײԳˣ
֥ǰɫص
һδʳȡ˺֮ǰȻͬսԣ֮ǰʱ򣬴ʳһֱǱУֱ󣬴󽫲ŻڣһжѾͬ
սûʼʳ˹ءͻʣеĵ۹ȫ˵ķλԶԶȥײ˹֡ˡǵ¡˹ء˼˶ƶ
ƶ˧ӰΡ
ʣһս۹ѾƸۣעһѾеȫͶУɹʣ
˴ľģһʼû뵽ģһɲÿ˵ɫޱȡ


1119 ˼Ľ֣
Ǹտʼʱ˸⣬ĵ۹ҲһڣսôĴƾӣһжѾ仯ƾĶţԼǧɽɵ󳵲ӣ赲۹󽫡
ǵĿǾѪս죡Ҳɣ
ϿŶ˾޴˧ƶͻȻڵ
ײԸɣ
ǰаһͻȻڵ
˹־ͽң
֥ŵ
ҾȥԸǵ£
ǧ΢۾
Ƕ˼Ͱ˾ͽҰɣ
Ƭ֮ͬڡ
仰˵ɫ΢΢һ
۹֮䣬ײּ֮⣬˴֮ĲԶûô󣬵ȻҪһжԸԲ״̬ĵ۹󽫣ֱš
ֻһɲǣѾָһʱ֮û
һսţڶ̶ʱѸٽÿ˶ӵиҪԸĶ֡

ç֧֮ǰļƻǵһΣԲٳκεĲˣһжҪϸļƻ
һ࣬ڴĺ󷽣Ŷ̳Լ˴ͻȻڵ۾΢΢ţ鿴ޱȡ
ף
ç֧΢΢Ʋͷȥ֪࣬˵ʲô֮ǰһ֮ĻսޱǰԸ壬ǵ˳֮󣬶ç֧ûȥѰĽ죬ǰ಻סǳа˺ײսĵطȥˡ
ΪˣŻᵼ´ʧܡ
ç֧Ͱ˹֣һȥԸĺڼһֻͬ
ģξԲκεĲ
ç֧
ΣһҪֹΪԼҲΪ˴âܡ

һ仰ç֧ͳԼ˭Ҳ
ݣ
ç֧һܿԾһ̳Ѹٸǰ
һı书һۣܻܲƣʱӮ˹ʤͿǽıˣ
޿ײ˹ֵԶȥıӰа
ѾڿѾ£еıԶӦ׵һսƺʹʳ֮䣬Ʊֻһܴиս˫֮䲻

ۿ˫ԽԽһ̵ضɽҡһӴӰɽͰ㣬ͻȻεض𣬳ǧϣڣѸʩչ˴µս̫ħ޴ѸٳǵСӴԼĳѹȡ
ǧɣһǧɣɣԽԽѹҲԽԽǿҵսϢŨҵԸӣͷƤ顣

˫ֻɵʱ£һɫĽһ㻮գսĻ
¡˷ԪƺƵϯԪһ޴ɽɫƣһƵײһû˿ԥаƿնѸٵĺײսһ
ͬʱ֥ǧҲ˸ԵĶ֣Զ֮ǰһж˶Ҫöࡣ
˼ҵôˡ
͵һӸ£ŶеĶ˼ڵ
СӲҪΣҰͷš֪ǰô˵ˡ
˼ƥԣ̤գһɫڱ裬䣬֮ɱ
ǣ֪㶼˼ԽƻСϣһε㣬ӵô죬ôԶ
ȻЦ
쵰
仰˼ȻŭʣڳЦں˴峤սУԶǧսӡ
ôϲ˵˵Ҿ˺죬⣬ھ͸㣬ʲô󣡡
˵һ䣬˼ʱޱȡ
ǧһʱȻ˼壬ıʩչҲɱƵϣ˼˼ջ
Լľ뵽ϣҽθһ㣬ѾԽ֮ǰ󷶳룬ﵽ˸ߵľ磬ҲǶ˼սҲηԭ
¡¡
һӴϢͻȻӶ˼ըһ֮УɲǼͻ𣬾ĿУһɹ˷۶ͬһ㣬һͻڻ۵˶˼ĵﵱС
ԭʹﵽ۹󽫶Ķ˼ļӳ£ٴΰθһأﵽһ˵ĵز
һֻ̣һڶ˼Ϸգ֮䣬ȻֳһƬƷ籩
֮ϸСӿƬƷ籩Ͷ˼ڵϢӦһ塣
쵰Ȼ
һĻ嶼̲סһ
˼󣬱Ǳʩչڴ;ŵѧǶ˼Ȼ󷨱仯ˡڶһ˵£ȻʩչһЧͨ󣬴ͻϼȡǿԼԭ߱ġ
ٴҲûãĽִӺܾǰѾעˣ
΢΢գ۾Ȼ
κζд۵ģ˶ΪĿȥɣ
˼գɫǧϸ˷۶û뵽˶˼Уһž޴׵򡣶˼˫סɫĳǹ׵ɫǹ֮Уһһ磬ںƺƵĿ֮гϯȥ
ߣ
һĻЦһû˿ԥеĽڿһͻȻɲǵɽȻŶ˼ݺݺȥ
ֻһɲǣ˼׵糤ǹĽƣصײһֻ¡һ죬ͻȻĽƣжϣӴڶ˼ײУҡΣŵŵţֱˡ
һĻ˼¶һЦݣһµʱ䣬һжûа׷ѣƾ󣬶˼Ϊһ㣬ѾԳ׵ѹƣδɵСˡ
Ȼһ̣ڶ˼׼Ӵ󹥻ɲǣʯ䣬һɰһ벻ķλ뵽˶˼ڡ
Զ˼ʵһɽײԵֵȻɲǣ˼һǿֽһ㣬׷ѣǹһٺڵҪ֮С

ֻһĲҽУһɺ˵ѪȪȻӶ˼ڱǿֲ˶ŵһ䣬˵ĿУ˼һڵصڵϣӴıըڵըһӶƬ˷
˼ͷڵϻʮɣһͷ͵ɢ

˶һĻסˣǵ¡ءç֧˶һ
˼Ȼִ࣬ʵԼǿޱȣͰ˹Ҳ̫࣬˭Ҳû뵽Ȼһ֮ھͿ԰ˣ˳ӡ


1120 ˼Ľ֣
۹ÿһʵǿޱȣ˴֮սǶʱڿԷֳµġ˼ִڣҪһ֮ڰˣ˹ֺ۷ʱİ˹֣ܴﲻЧ
̫ͻȻˣ
ⲻܣ
󷽣ԶԶؿһĻϵѪɫͻȻʵøɸɾ촽ڲ
˼ԽթֽɣϳԸ˴峤һǹ漴Զǧ˵ս״̬õľˡ
Ķ˼Ȼһϳͱģ
޵ĵһӦǶ˼װģһжݸ˿ġǺܿ죬޾֪һĻеķˣ˼ıˡ
΢ҵϢƭˣϰ߲ѪͬƭˡһжϷҲδ̫ˡ
䣡
θ룬ڶ˼ݺײϵɲǣû˿ԥ˽һѸ׷ɱһʯһ㣬׹ϵĶ˼ݺȥ
¡¡𶯣ƥϯܣһ޴ķ籩Ȼ־ڱصõһʧˡâһ˼Ѹʧԭءʮ⣬һѪ⣬ԶԾ˵ٶӴܶȥ
ܵģԲܵģû˿Ƶҵ󣡡
ߣ˿ߣ
˼̻ɥ֮ȮޱȣһƳ׵Ĵĵӣζ벻ףԼǿΪΪʲôᱻһƵδ֪Ͳг־壬ȫɥʧٺһʤľġ
Ŷ˼ʣµͻʱɳľɳ˺ͳjڣͻȻ֮һƬҡ
˧ܣͻﻹ˿Ŀԣ˶Զɢлֶ̿ԺĿ־壬˼־ͬһ㣬ͬȾǡ
գһֻ̣ɧһȺͻʿܲ˳ԶӶݶȥһĻҲ΢΢һЩ⣬ȴû׷ɱȥ
ϧˣ׼ôʱ䣬ǹһ񣬿þ
˼ӵо޴©ԽԽԶ˼ֳΪϵޱȣֻԼˡ
ѨֻҪŶ˼Ѩȥܶ˼жߵΪܹ񣬻ٵзֱӹҪͺģǰһ
ô˼ߣ˳ⳡսͬʱͻҲɹﵽĿˡ
뵽ɣѸһİˡ
ɣˣǼδս
һĵѸٵڵİˡ
Ť
˫磬âۣһһ»Ӱ֣ɲǼģһӴƺﶼܹŤѸŰ˺ȥ
ͬһдŤ֮֮ʱ֮ǰͬնǹӴ˺ĺɫѷ죬ʽ̺Ӵ˷һƥƥʳ˴һ
ϣЩսûпȫ죬˴ŤһţһͷͷѪ˵ڵϡ
ܣʵôͻȻǿô࣡
һĻ˶һ
Ȼϸ룬঺УһӴķϹ⻷ڰ󣬰һͬ޴ķϹ⻷һ͵سĴŤײ˹ȥ
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬Ӵײҵײһ𡣿ƺƣɳʯһΣĺһȴŵŵţĲĺͷһһѪˮܿ챻˽ȥ
ⲻܣ
д˷һ׶ʱɷޱȡѾɢȥû󷨼ӳֵ£Ȼӳ˵۹󽫼ʵһûǵκδ֮ķֱ˼顣
һ˾Ȼһҹ֮䣬ǿֵز
ˣһʱһʱھһʤɣ
忴Űˣ仰ȴôʳ˵ġ
δ䣬¡¡ɽãٴΰεض𣬻Ϊһ޴ħǾ޴ĽڿһΣƽɽ㣬صĳŰȥֻһκ֮ǰȻͬԪ˷۶뵽һ֮С
ͬǽһؼ޾ļӳ£˲䷢ӳʮʮ嶴֮Դ֮ı仯
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬һ˶õɣǿǿֹס塣
Ͱ˼սʱа˺ײ֥Ͱ˹֡˼ҵսһ𣬶ǹƬ̣羪İߵı糱ˮһ㣬׷չս
ɱ
ҵĺɱ춯أӽʮĴʳӿȣ纣һ㣬صײڵһϡ
ţ
պɽ侲һʱ뵽˶ĴʳСֻһΣǧ䣬ֻһǧ
ʣѾ࣬Ϊ̶ȵӳ󳵲ӵǧ󳵱պɽгţÿһǧΪһţÿֻһǧȻɱ˲٣ȴܽǧӵޡ
ۣһѪһŴʳ׷׵ڵϣֻһֵǧĴʳ˵սϣѪȪӿ
ܵԶֹպɽ󳵲ӣѪսΪĵһ֧֧ƶš
󳵲Ӳͬãã纣ĴʳԾѪսΪĵĸⲿӣȡ˻Ľ
ǰ
һ߾ٳܼ֣ȴһ¶¸߸ߵĸǽ󣬴˳ͣһһ뻮һĶббӹУɲǼѪ֣ս˻һʳոճ˹ֽһ㣬зĳ˴ٿĵڵϡ
̍еĴһּᶨݵĲѸǰĴʳƽ
ϣһ⻷ڶھѪսļӳ£еĴϢǣЩĲ䣬˲仯ֲɱ¾ܶپӣ赲סǵĽŲ

ɵǣ
Ǵ򲻹ӣ

һҽڶһƬңԾѪս֧ĴеĴʳٴᵽݺ۵ľС
ǰһЩʳǳ־һ̣ͱĵĿ־塣һһڴƿƼ򵥵İνͻӽУһһܲݰ㲻ͣĵ¡
ⳡսۿҪݱɴʳ˹ءͻʵһܣȻһ̣ʼϲı仯ˡ
䣡
䣡
̶ʱڣֻ춯صľ죬ʿҽսϣ벻ˡ


1121 ϵΣ
壬֥аˡ˴峤˽߾ȫֹײˣѪսʱ
ͻȻءç֧а˹ǵˣǰһ̻ȫϣͻƴƸطأ빥ƾѪս
һ̣û˿ԥ˸ԵĿ꣬Ӳĸ԰һУȫĲԼǧİ
ıѾ࣬ͻȻ֮ܵ۹󽫵ĹʧءҵıըУĲ֫ϱۣڿնϺͳǧأ˱Ұ
ѵıȻѵأսֵס۹󽫵Ĺ
һɲǼ䣬սؼıˡ
ˣ
Ϻͳǧı˲صɲǣŵưӦˡֻһգۣǧϵĹâɢȥӴ̫;˲ɢϺͳǧʧȥǹӴ֧ţҲѸٴӰе۾֮гżȵ𺳡
һ̣˻ڸԱľ޴ʧУһ̣˴㵲ѣʼδ
ϣܣ
ͻȻһǧѪ۾󺰳ⳡʳֵ̫̫죬ȫû˿׼ֻһɲǣǧͷӦ˵жϴˡÿ˶ΪǵĿǾѪս죬˭Ҳû뵽ǵĿǾѪս죬Ϻͳǧ
ʽת£ֻһɲǼ䣬Ʒ˲ʧ۹󽫣ȻϺͳǧﻹţħ;Ѿˡ
ɹˣ
ʯ䣬ԶĴ͵ӹһ˿Ĺâ˫ֺݺȭͷҲȻü
ȻһǴ󽫶˼һж֮ǰļƻɹִˡ
ϺͳǧߣǴ޼ƻйؼأҲǹƴƣתⳡսҪء
֮ǰսճ־ãϻǳǧıսĵһΣյˮƽ
Ƶʮ󷨣ҪġҪʩչͳĴͱﵽһһ֣ơ
ȻźǣϻǳǧڼҵսУȴûע⵽һ㡣
㣬ͳİ˹֮࣡
ҪһоͿǵˣ
ʱȣ޵Ҳ΢΢¶һ˿ŵɫⳡսϺͳǧ۹󽫱֮󣬴ʳѸռ˾޴ƣڶս棬۹󽫡۹󽫵ѾвƵľѪս
ܴθ룬̫;񱻴üƻٵɲǣζʱöԴƼ䲻
ף
е۾һ±õͨ죬һжڵʯ䷢ʵ̫̫ˡʧƵƼתֱ£ȻΣŸոտʼŤͷʱֻءç֧а˹ڵ֮볯Ϲȥ
֣۷ʱ֧Ųסοڹ֮屻ơ
ɣ
ͻȻһɲǼ䣬Ͼ˱Σ֣ȻΪһ֮󣬼״Ҳ塣
ɷкλкξ壿
һɲǵᶨѱ˱ľġ
ȣ
һȣ˫ֳֽʯһԾ𣬳۹ȥ
ϣɣ
ɱ
֮սʮϵսʿҷ𣬻ΪȻû˵һֱʹڿһѩ˳ΪȥĶʮʿ
䣡
է֣˲仯Ϊһ޴ĽɫӣһָֻȭһȭسϺȥͬһʱ䣬˹ç֧볯Ϲȥ
һɲǿƺƣɽա
ۿϾҪ۹󽫵Χ£һ̣¡һǿľ񲨶ضΪ֮ɫ
ʯ䣬صĺڻϣԻصΪдսӻ壬ķȻܵһȻһ𣬶ɲǵĳ͡
գ
ʯ䣬ԥʹգԸǿѧ
۹󽫵ľǿޱȣҼݣҪþԸһ۹ϼѣ±롣
֮ǰսУʹ־ѧȻһ̣ڼȵķͷŭʹ£屬Զˮ׼ԻصһǾĳ£Ҳ̲סƺһܵ˼𺳡
ȻһлԶûнھ赲صɲǣ¡ҡضһӴϢڱ
Ť
ƺƣضҡ̳
˫磬һһֻӰͬʱ֡
εĴŤȴǴתӴ׼Զİ˹
ˣ
˹ǳϳȥģǸճ嵽;ڴŤ£˲ܿƵȥҾĹŤһߣȥ
ô
˹ϣʧɫ
֮ǰձڼˣʵ۷״̬۹󽫵ˮ׼ûдﵽһεսϵشͲϳ
ĴŤǿţ֮ԴŴŤֱӰһءﵽһ˾ֵĵز
¡
ʯ䣬˹룬ѾǹӴ˹ȥ˫ԣصײһ
ɲǼ䣬ͺһբţ˹ڵӿȥ
ڱŭ֮·ӳǿֻһ棬˹ϼˣڵʧ֮һȫ˰˹
ǳˮϺϷƽȮۡ۷״̬İ˹һ棬ͱôڣ˹ȫĶ֡
ֹˣ˹һʵôŤͬʱ壬Ŷç֧˹ȥ
Ļ쵰
˹־ŭѾˣֱ൱һٱţ϶ç֧һ֪Ūã˹һξͿԶĽˡ
䣡
ʯ䣡ͻȻһѪӰ˹ڱǿը
Ŀ֮˹ΪһѪ⣬̻ɥ֮ȮٵĳԶȥϵϢҲڱһѪ֮󣬼˥䡣
֮ݣ
ʮħʮλħ񵥿ȵľѧ
ʮħʮλֻ־֪Ȳʲôرǿħ񣬵һǿľѧӶݡ
ЩȵǿܶħһһӡѹУֻеȣŴλΪģϵشЩʹѡ
Ǿ󲿷ֵħ񱻷ӡ󣬼ڶʹŽסȣɹĽӡȵ֪
˹껨˼ľռŵ֮ݡ
ŹҪ޴Ĵ۵ģ̶ʱڣ˹ѾʩչžѧʵǿҲܵ˲Сش
𱻶ç֧شĺѾǺܺˡ
˹ܣûһۡڶçֵ֧ɲǣû˿ԥ˲뵽˶ç֧͸ϵսУüס˶ç֧ĹסԼĸס
һжֻڵʯɣȵ˷Ӧç֧ĹѾݺݵ䵽ıϡ


1122 󽫼ս
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬塢ϣ˳뱻ײ˳ȥ
ֻ¡һʮ֮ĵϣһ춯صıըʯͬаɳ涸Ȼݳһ޴ĿӶ
һˣҲˤڵϣŵŵţһʱò԰ޱȡ

Ͽˤĵطһʹ˻ˡ
壡
Զǧ￴һĻɫʱ԰ޱȡ
Щ˵ļıһһǡϵԼϣȻѡĸϣΪĹĿ꣬ϸӵĹϵʹң˳壬սһһ˼ֻƵĴ䲻
ߣʱǣȿǿԼɣ
һӶߴûȳǧﷴӦйâ˸һ޴ĺɫԲЮŻԵĸŰеĳǧХ

ֻһĲҽУǧصײɳȥһڵϡ
ֻһǧˣһʱһʱû󷨵ļӳ֣ڵĳǧֻһ۷׼ѣ޷ǵᲢۡ
Ȼһ֣ǵ²ǧͺûмһ
һ̣һΣžѪսȥ
Сģ
ػѪս죡
˾ۼֹǣ

һǰһƬţǵµжѾǵĿĸϺͳǧʼնǾѪս졣
ƱͱϺͳǧҲˣѪս춼Ƶô˹Ĵƾӣٲ
ɵǣ
ǵ³ȥͬʱˡӾѹĻأԼç֧û˿ԥĬͬʱѪս졣
λ۹󽫣ͬʱ֣һɲǼ䣬սŵ˼㡣
ѪսȻǿ󣬶һе۹󽫼ĺڼ׻һκͰ˹ֵǴβͬΣֹ
λ۹󽫷ͬСɣû֪ڼ׻Ƿֵܹһƣսӭı仯
ˣ
ƺҲоΣյϢڼ͵սеľѪս죬ޱȡ
𣡡
ֻһǧԩ갧һֵĲǵ£ԭĶְˡ
ûȥһ壬ֱѪս졣
¡âƵһ޴ĺɫƿնǵأɽ֮ƣ
ڰ㾡ȫһǰǺųŵоŵǿĹ⻷Ҳǿĵ۹ǰԵ΢
ۿһǧҪڰ˵һǰ˲ء
ʯ䣬ˣһǿİɫӲ絶ͻȻбɲֻһͽ˽Ǿ޴ĺɫɷ飬ǿƲЪײڰϣʳľͳ죬ýˡ
һɲǼ䣬˲ɫ
С̫ˣ
˴峤ŭӶдΣʱ̣˴峤˲֣˰˵ͬʱû˿ԥ˴峤סȣͻȻһģۣһֻ޴ɫƴɽ壬͵ƿն
䣡
ԭѾҪѪսǰĻأ˴峤һƴֱӷһͷˤϣӴĴշӽȽջҪ̣˴峤һ֮£ɳơ
д󺧣æˣﻹ׷
ֻһ棬˴峤γ֣ǿĵ۹󽫾һһˡ
ˣҲɹס˴峤
죡
ڰ˺ͻر˵һ̣û˿ԥǵ²ˣǰȥ
ֻһΣֻж̶̵ļ룬һ㣬У˵ʳܰܣپԲЩͽ

ǵɫӿٶǰȥˣʱһɫĽ޻ͷٲתţһѳǰ̍ȥ
֮
ǵ׳öʳĹϷɲǼ䣬ڣɽХ󺣳֮
֮֮оȻĳһʮɸߵĺɫˡڰ㣬ǰ̍ϯȥ
ö֮ǿ󣬾޻û䣬̍˶оһϢѹ׷ױɫȥ
Сģ
һ𼯽ᣬֶԸ

źХľ޴Բÿ϶¶˽ŵɫȻսʳҲǻܣǵֵ۹󽫵ķǰȴͬоһ
˵ʱʱ죬ۿǵµĴ֮ҪƵĶ֮УһƬҵɱ¾һ̡
䣡
ʯ䣬һӴͻȻбɲǴǵµĴ֮нƥͻӴ£Ȼлһߣû̍Ӫ֮С
ֻһĲҽУ಻ϵıըУ˹֫ϱ裬֪ٴʳһɲǣըķѣѪɡ
쵰
һĻͻǵ¶סˡǺܿ죬һŭȼն
ǵ¶תͷ˳ǵķȥһ۾ͿһϤӰ
䣡
ûǵ·Ӧһ䣬Ѫ͵ذεض𣬳Űеǵ·˶ȥֻâһ˲ײǵϣ⧲ɲǣббײɳȥ

ǵ´һȻûȵ֣ɲǼ䣬һӴǵڵ಻罭һ㣬ӿڡǵɫ΢䣬ȫӦԡ
ս׻壬ܵԶûпôңײһûа취ɱοǵ¡
֮Դ󣬽ֶۺϵеѧУʹÿһֹӡ
ǵǴʳĵ۹󽫣ĸܶޱȣǾǵ¶ס컯ɡ
ˣ
õǵķڵѸٻָһʵҲѸӡ
ǵ£ɣ
䣬͵һȭݺǵµϣѸսһһ·ɳȥ
û˰ˡغǵµЭ۹󽫶ʱֻʣ˶ç֧һˡ¡ʯ䣬ç֧͵һȭ䣬ɲǼ䣬Уҽç֧ûгźڼ׼˾ѪսΧͬ
ֻһĲҽ԰ټƵͬըգһս⻷вѸϨ𡣼ǿͬҲǶç֧Ķ֡
ߣ
ʯ䣬Ѫս£ڼ񶸵һ䡣˰˹ǰ֮ç֧Ըı˲ԣҪͨɱΧȣֱӼƵĶⲿӣһּӵķʽƵǿ


1123 ʥ壡
ֻǣǿ۹󽫣ҪѪսҲԲһ򵥵¡
䣡
ʯ䣬ڼͻȻǰȻһ̤˲Ϣ䣬ӵڿնڵ㣬Ѹٳç֧
ûȶç֧ӦڼѾؿռ䣬ڶç֧ǰһֻ˶ȭڶç֧ѸСֻһȭڶç֧ؿڡ
һȭޱȣֻһѶç֧߷һ㣬ݺݺɳȥ
¡¡˵ĿУֻç֧ڵһ㣬ڵϣ֮Զڵһĺۼ̳ɳ졣
ֻһɲǣʳ˹ءͻʷ涸ȻĹͱƵøɸɾ۹󽫵Ĺ߽⣬ç֧ġԭ֮ӥڼҳˣ˳ȥ
䣡
һĻԭѹֵսͻȻһ춯صĻеĴʿ׷׼û
ֻ˭ҲûзֺڼڵһҵİУһ˫Ũü΢ɲһ¡
ʱ˿̣˭Ҳûע⵽ç֧ڱڼɵʱ򣬲ƫУԶһƺƵϯصľ޴ɳΧǡǡǴʳսײа˽ֵĵط
ɹˣ
ç֧ڵϣѪ䣬Ϸ¶һ˿Цݣ΢΢ͷç֧ڵУȴӳһȻͬľ
ֻǻɳصľ޴ɳһɲͻȻڲ𶯣͵ѳһ޴Ļڣɳ£Ծ˵ٶȣѸɢڵɳ棬ȻԳսӰһƵ¸һīƮ衣
ңţŶԷǿҵս⡣ֻôһɲǵʱ䣬˵Ѹٶڶç֧˵һѾ㹻ˡڴе˿١
壡
һϸ΢ͻȻУɱսϣԵ΢ţûκ˵ע⡣
ǸɫѸٴƺƵصġɳ϶һ۵а˷ȥٶּֿ졣ֻһգۣаѾɵľ롣
ͬһʱ䣬аƺӦʲô͵һ۽ʶŽɫķһۡ
ܻûпʲôаǿıܷӦʹѸٲȡжˣһӴڱŷѸٻΪһɫ֣аȫס
а˷ӦѾܿˣǵ͹ѩɽش
壬а˳ֵɲǣ𵴣ͺĳָӦһٶȶļڿ㻮һϸСĻߣа˵ͷϷ
¡
䣬аͷֵɲǣϸСĽɫͻȻ緢һֲԵ籩һӴ쫷ϯ˲佫аС
һɲǵĽɫһһͨϮаˡ
Ӵڶç֧ʵԵ޹ؽҪѾˣԷ
Ȼç֧ʼϲ鷢ˡʯ䣬һڡȻа˵ڱȻһֻɽɫ֣סǸɫ

һĻç֧Ŀࡣ֪а˲ôܹ׶ԸģǿǰһĻç֧Ǹоһɾ޴𺳡
ʥǾܱסģܹ׾ͱסʥҲסˡûзç֧붼룬ʣǰѾǿ󣬵һԴĦĵزʥϵЧۿۡ
ûõģ
ֻһɲǣç֧ʱָ͵һʱӵһԾ
¡
һ̣˶Ϊ֮𺳵鷢ˡǸСȭͷСĽɫͻȻ֮䣬ӭһ𣬱ٱ˲ϢС󣬻ΪһɽͰĽɫ壬䣬ӿһȦסаˣڵϡ
Ǽ䣬籩ɢȥа˶ʱʧԭڵλãһ׶ߵĽɫ塣˸죬ǧҲΧŽɫ壬ߣ产ˡ
ͻȻ
̫ͻȻˣ
ûȵ˷Ӧç֧Ѿɹ֣һѽаʥ֮Уѹ˵ϡʯ䣬пһĻˣ𣬾սϵĺɱС˺ܶࡣ
ɹˣ
أԶ͵һȭͷϲɫ
ⳡսӻɱƵͨʿ߽ǧϣ𹥺ڼеһжǻлмƣΪľһɲǽڼ֣֮ç֧źۼġ͡а˺ײߡ
Ϊﵽаֵز֪ʵ̫ǿˣǺײܹᲢ۵ǿڣҪǰˣκıƶǲʵġֻҪһ㣬κβĽӽᱻа˲
һڻǳɹʵʩˡǿʦаĴڣҲç֧ѩɽشķɹС
䣡
ϵǸɫ壬Լʧаˣڶݵĳ֮սӽʮĴʳӣȻһ춯صĻرײ£бսľʱ˷ܵ˻
ʳ
ʳ
ʳ

һ쳹أеĴʳʿ񡣴սôãǸƵĺ߲˽⣬дʳ˶֪ǼǿĵˣΪ˵Ĵڣʹüʮʳꪳɳ޷ûǸصĺߣսѾûκֵܹײ
ײ
ײ
ײ

̶ֻʱڣʳսײٴ쳹Ĳսڸսʿ֮󣬴ʳҪӮյʤ
ʳˡ˹ˡͻ˻źзӯνȻ෴Ʒ棬սʿɫ԰ףҡ
ʦ
ʯ䣬ںǵ¾ս壬ԶĶ͵̧ͷֻһۣ׷ʲôɲǼ䣬еѪɫʵøɸɾȫ
ķ֣
ͬһʱ䣬˴峤ԶǸ׶ߵĽɫһػϢһƬҡ
ǰ
֥ǧԼָӳ󲿶ӵպɽ˶𺳣ɫɷֽžѪսĺڼһɲǣҲɫϢ粨
˷ӦҲˣһ˱ʳ˺˹ˣͷβˡǵĿ꣬ȲҲǳǧΪľѪս졣ǵĿʼնֻһˣʦаˣ
ļս˫ʣıѾˣʳڵ沿޷սʤơֻҪסаˣսӵоѪս죬Ҳһֻаһ;
Ȼ󷨼ҪκһսУ۹ǵʵǲѷ󷨵ǿڡ


1124 ۣ
ֻǣǿ۹󽫣ҪѪսҲԲһ򵥵¡
䣡
ʯ䣬ڼͻȻǰȻһ̤˲Ϣ䣬ӵڿնڵ㣬Ѹٳç֧
ûȶç֧ӦڼѾؿռ䣬ڶç֧ǰһֻ˶ȭڶç֧ѸСֻһȭڶç֧ؿڡ
һȭޱȣֻһѶç֧߷һ㣬ݺݺɳȥ
¡¡˵ĿУֻç֧ڵһ㣬ڵϣ֮Զڵһĺۼ̳ɳ졣
ֻһɲǣʳ˹ءͻʷ涸ȻĹͱƵøɸɾ۹󽫵Ĺ߽⣬ç֧ġԭ֮ӥڼҳˣ˳ȥ
䣡
һĻԭѹֵսͻȻһ춯صĻеĴʿ׷׼û
ֻ˭ҲûзֺڼڵһҵİУһ˫Ũü΢ɲһ¡
ʱ˿̣˭Ҳûע⵽ç֧ڱڼɵʱ򣬲ƫУԶһƺƵϯصľ޴ɳΧǡǡǴʳսײа˽ֵĵط
ɹˣ
ç֧ڵϣѪ䣬Ϸ¶һ˿Цݣ΢΢ͷç֧ڵУȴӳһȻͬľ
ֻǻɳصľ޴ɳһɲͻȻڲ𶯣͵ѳһ޴Ļڣɳ£Ծ˵ٶȣѸɢڵɳ棬ȻԳսӰһƵ¸һīƮ衣
ңţŶԷǿҵս⡣ֻôһɲǵʱ䣬˵Ѹٶڶç֧˵һѾ㹻ˡڴе˿١
壡
һϸ΢ͻȻУɱսϣԵ΢ţûκ˵ע⡣
ǸɫѸٴƺƵصġɳ϶һ۵а˷ȥٶּֿ졣ֻһգۣаѾɵľ롣
ͬһʱ䣬аƺӦʲô͵һ۽ʶŽɫķһۡ
ܻûпʲôаǿıܷӦʹѸٲȡжˣһӴڱŷѸٻΪһɫ֣аȫס
а˷ӦѾܿˣǵ͹ѩɽش
壬а˳ֵɲǣ𵴣ͺĳָӦһٶȶļڿ㻮һϸСĻߣа˵ͷϷ
¡
䣬аͷֵɲǣϸСĽɫͻȻ緢һֲԵ籩һӴ쫷ϯ˲佫аС
һɲǵĽɫһһͨϮаˡ
Ӵڶç֧ʵԵ޹ؽҪѾˣԷ
Ȼç֧ʼϲ鷢ˡʯ䣬һڡȻа˵ڱȻһֻɽɫ֣סǸɫ

һĻç֧Ŀࡣ֪а˲ôܹ׶ԸģǿǰһĻç֧Ǹоһɾ޴𺳡
ʥǾܱסģܹ׾ͱסʥҲסˡûзç֧붼룬ʣǰѾǿ󣬵һԴĦĵزʥϵЧۿۡ
ûõģ
ֻһɲǣç֧ʱָ͵һʱӵһԾ
¡
һ̣˶Ϊ֮𺳵鷢ˡǸСȭͷСĽɫͻȻ֮䣬ӭһ𣬱ٱ˲ϢС󣬻ΪһɽͰĽɫ壬䣬ӿһȦסаˣڵϡ
Ǽ䣬籩ɢȥа˶ʱʧԭڵλãһ׶ߵĽɫ塣˸죬ǧҲΧŽɫ壬ߣ产ˡ
ͻȻ
̫ͻȻˣ
ûȵ˷Ӧç֧Ѿɹ֣һѽаʥ֮Уѹ˵ϡʯ䣬пһĻˣ𣬾սϵĺɱС˺ܶࡣ
ɹˣ
أԶ͵һȭͷϲɫ
ⳡսӻɱƵͨʿ߽ǧϣ𹥺ڼеһжǻлмƣΪľһɲǽڼ֣֮ç֧źۼġ͡а˺ײߡ
Ϊﵽаֵز֪ʵ̫ǿˣǺײܹᲢ۵ǿڣҪǰˣκıƶǲʵġֻҪһ㣬κβĽӽᱻа˲
һڻǳɹʵʩˡǿʦаĴڣҲç֧ѩɽشķɹС
䣡
ϵǸɫ壬Լʧаˣڶݵĳ֮սӽʮĴʳӣȻһ춯صĻرײ£бսľʱ˷ܵ˻
ʳ
ʳ
ʳ

һ쳹أеĴʳʿ񡣴սôãǸƵĺ߲˽⣬дʳ˶֪ǼǿĵˣΪ˵Ĵڣʹüʮʳꪳɳ޷ûǸصĺߣսѾûκֵܹײ
ײ
ײ
ײ

̶ֻʱڣʳսײٴ쳹Ĳսڸսʿ֮󣬴ʳҪӮյʤ
ʳˡ˹ˡͻ˻źзӯνȻ෴Ʒ棬սʿɫ԰ףҡ
ʦ
ʯ䣬ںǵ¾ս壬ԶĶ͵̧ͷֻһۣ׷ʲôɲǼ䣬еѪɫʵøɸɾȫ
ķ֣
ͬһʱ䣬˴峤ԶǸ׶ߵĽɫһػϢһƬҡ
ǰ
֥ǧԼָӳ󲿶ӵպɽ˶𺳣ɫɷֽžѪսĺڼһɲǣҲɫϢ粨
˷ӦҲˣһ˱ʳ˺˹ˣͷβˡǵĿ꣬ȲҲǳǧΪľѪս졣ǵĿʼնֻһˣʦаˣ
ļս˫ʣıѾˣʳڵ沿޷սʤơֻҪסаˣսӵоѪս죬Ҳһֻаһ;
Ȼ󷨼ҪκһսУ۹ǵʵǲѷ󷨵ǿڡ


1125 ǰδеΣ
ã
ʯ䣬ϸ룬˴峤ɫһ䣬İοնϣǸɫȣ͵̧𣬶׼˿нɫľ콣
Ⱥף
ˣɲǼХ˵ĿУͻȻǧ˴峤ΧȻֳӰеľΧ˴峤ǸɫȾҷţƼ产ˡ
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ľ黯ʵһӵϣ֮ײĽɫײһ𡣵ʯ䣬ǧľײŽɫÿһײ˵ĸ·ǲεĽĸһ㡣
ھײ£ײĽɫѸ
һ̣ڽ;ײؼʱ˴峤һһû˿׵ͻȻ̽Ӳϣ۵һѪʱҲ֧ŲסɢȥǰĽƽɽ˴峤ײ˳ȥ
峤
ǰ

ΧһƬһĻ˶ɫǾɫɷףس˴峤ķȥȻǵķӦ죬ҲԶԶײǵ콣
û˴峤赲ǻֺһƲЪƽɽ㳯һ̍ķ
ܱ˴峤һɲЩԵֵġ
¡
˵ʱʱ죬ײһµɲǣһֻ˶ȭīɽ壬ͻȻϣֻһȭͺɢײһƺƣڼħ㣬죬ջǿȭԶײޱȡ
һƻɳӺ󷽶Ҳź͸ڵľѪս죬սİ˫ݻ˹Ĳ
峤
һûɳ۹ȥҲһ˹ȥһȺ˽˴峤Χס˴峤ڴӵмߵĵλСųģǵĸϴ峤ֶӱ˵ˡ
ϴ峤ˣ֮ҿ֪
û£Ҫţ
˴峤һؿڣѩ׵ĺѪ߰ߣɱ촽ޱȡĿʼŶ棬ٴСаѾǲ֪ķУײڣⳡս䵽˼䲻ĵλʱȫûΣա
ͬһʱ䣬ڼϴ峤ǶͰеײңţĿͬء
սޱȣ
ߣһаһƾսûһ㾳硣ƾҵĶ֣
飬𶯣һֻ͵̤ײԣɫĿޱȡ
ֻһײ˴峤˺ڼײ˵һԶû㾡ȫûа˵赲սѾ˿Ժһ̡
䣡
𶯣û˿ԥײһ̤ȫⱩǣ̫âɣ飬ɽ纣սϣͺ˼һ㣬η
е䡢佫籩ǿϢǰͬһС
һһײ̤գһŷ籩㳯ŴƾѪսķƶһգ¾ͬʵĵ档ײ˿ʱ˴峤ڼ֥ǧԷ糾պɽԼÿһսʿڣÿ˶оһӴѹ
ǿߣ
ƾв
ײ
ײ
ײ

ײɱ񣬷ɱƣԭһƬžĴʳӶʱһ·һ㣬һĻʳºƣһ˶֡
һ˹֮ս˱ΪѾˡû뵽·תʳҪȡյʤЩǿĶˡ
ɱ
ײλʳսĽŲԭֹͣĴʳٴӿһɱţ䵶ͬˮһ㣬ٴγžѪսķɱ
׼
ɱ
ԭ΢͵սΪײĳٴμҵɱ飬ཻ֧ĵطʿ׷ױײգݺݵ
Сģ
ͬһʱ̣˴峤ͫһŸ߿еײٴС
ײ˴峤жһû˴Ϊʳε⣬ʹе˴а˴峤Ҳͬˡ
ʳ֮ҹȻİæϴ峤һְһֱûȥƽʱְɽ¶ˮһֹؼʱֶ̣⼶սУء
˴峤Ѹߣ͸涼ȫ޷긻ǿײᲢۡ
ֻǴʱ˿Ѿ˲ôˣ˴峤һۣӿ糱ʱ׼ײһϸ¡һ࣬ڼվѪս죬ͬأԴ
ֱֵ񣬺ڼʵԲڿܶ˹֮ϣǺаײְμĸȣȻЩ࣬Щ໹Զûô
ȸɵǣ
ʯ䣬ײսǧɾʱ򣬺ڼеսһӣɲǼһһӴĿ겻Զײ಻Զİˡ
ͬһʱ䣬˴峤ָһ㣬һɫƿնǺհ㣬ײ˻ء
һɲǣûκεԣжȴĬⳡսڴ޵£۹󽫣˺ͻʼⳡսıҪĶԸײȾͱ˺ͻء
¡
Ȼһ̣汬ը̳ڼ˴峤ĹĴʳУĴʳըѪɡ
˺ͻط·ǰԤϵһһ˴峤ڼ˺Զľ롣
ߣ翹
ЦһңңĿˡⳡսͻأײֻǴԸѡ
Һڼ˴峤˼²Ǳ治ͷţ˴峤ͺڼ书ߣз£ҪɱǾ¡
˹Сģ˿ܻ֣
ͷҲأҲܻöôʳе
Զĵط΢΢ѹӣѹߵĵϣǰǾ衣ȻԲͨЩòԽͿһĿȻ
ڼ˴峤Ҫҵ̣ᷭǾܵġ
صģǸڼ벻󷨣
εضǰĺڼڵ
˹˹ڼȻʵǿһ뿪˴еͻʮʳ˹ˮĹϲѪ޾ţľ˵ĳ֧ǿҲȻʧء
ʵҲͻصжϲ࣬ڼ˴峤һ̽ԵĹֹ֮ͣ˹˵ȫ۵еײϡ
˺ͻɱɱؼĻײ
ߣ
ײһֱԹۣڼ˴峤Ͱˡ֮սײһֵ˼ûУھԵǰֻаһ;


1126 ֮ʯľ
䣡
ײһ̤ʮɵľ룬׶ߵĽɫʱģû˿еͻȻ΢΢һ¡
ײǿģҲǽģԸмʹκεļıȥסԸκζ֡
ЩͷֻײԺһ£ʧ١
˵ϲãվǴΪأײʤ׷˿֮¡
ˣ˭ҲɱҪذ͸Դ
ײһ۽ɫԵĶç֧ͻȻڵ˵仰ײһΣƻʵ죬Ѹǰȥ
ϣç֧ҲȻʳײıУµЩʲôçֻ֧ԳһЦ㲻
ѩɽķУֻд߶ջؽķģʲôҲˡԴа˱ʥһʵѾûʲôˡ
Ҳڶç֧˼Ƭ̣ײһʮɣϢ֮ѾԼٶȣ˴ǰ
¡
ֻһ죬޽ڿмɲǼ䣬һĽɫӹգԾ˵ٶȳžѪսصĺ¡
һͬһۻأ˵ĸоһǳɰǧɽ塣͵֣˸ѹ¡
֣
˴峤Ǻڼľڵȴһֻ̣𶯣˴峤ͺڼ˫˫εض
һ˷˻УһƿնзţϮײ
ͬһʱڼȫؼһһӴѸٴ˷ʿϻ۶עڡ
¡¡ʯ䣬һ죬ض·˺ˣУһֻ޴ȭīɽ壬һȭصĺײĽɫ޽ϡ
һȭӴ˼㣬ȭսָϹâ˸ֱ̺ŽľˮһȭҵײĽɫ֮һȻȵؽײĽнײĽס
̫ˣ
һĻ˴峤ľֻҪֿ֮ܵסײĹôⳡսͻתϣ
ߣ
ײӸ£ޱȣûȵ˽ԼĽɲǼ䣬һ𣬻ûȵһɢײڶţƽɽ㣬ص
¡䣬ǰϯܣһɿꡣ
֮ǰһͬײһ࣬Խͷ׷˴峤бʮУѹ˴峤ϡ
ײĿޱȣΪʳս߱ǿսܣʹһ۾Ѱҵֵ
ڼʵǿ󣬾ʢܹĶϼȡһʱҪɱ¡
˴峤ͬ˴峤Ѿоʮĸ䣬˻ѾˣֻҪϵĹûκλɵĽײܹϵؼƣӶ׵Ľ
ֻҪɵ˴峤ʣһڼͲĶˡ
Сģ
룬˴峤հɫȣڵϢ˼ޣԽԽɫ֮Сٻĳײɱȥ
ȻһлԶûн¡һ¸֣գ֮仯Ϊһ콣û˷ӦײĵѾ磬Ծ˵ٶȳ¡
޽
ײǿһصǿ԰ײӿٶȡͬһʱڣԼһԵĽһһ಻ϣ޷мܡ
ײʵϾ޽˿ɵа֮Դǧһ㶼ײû˵ס
ˣ
ۿŴʳսײһһ׺ݣһһء
ʯ䣬ֻغһѪɫĽӺڼϵľѪսϱӴʮ֮ߣֻһΣײնȥ
ѪɫĽоȻһɫĿռѷ죬и߲ʵĿռһɲǾֽƬһڼ˺ˡ
Ҳʱ˻Ȼ֮ŷ֣ڼкȻһɫؽ
¡¡
ڼѪɫľ콣˴峤ġȺסײɫĽУϵײһ˫ս伤ңѷײ֮ܣȻҲһʱ֮޷ѹˡ
쵰ǿʵ
ԶԶذ˺ͻؿһĻҲ̲סƤľѡȻΪʤܹײս̶ֳȣʵʵǾˣֻһɲ˾ͻع
ֵزҪ翹ڤ粻˹ˣϣһɵ
ͫ׶ȻһĿжȻɱû˿ԥһΣǰսţȥ
ɱʱϣһɫǿ⻷͸أͻȻӰ˽±
ͬһʱ̣һɭֲ
ڰ󣬷ԣһͷʮߣߵľˣȻ֮εض𣬺ͰΪһ壬ЮεĻһȭںڼƵѪɫϡ
ͬһʱ䣬âһɫշӸ֣һ٣Ȼεضͬһն˴峤ľϡ
ײǿʵǣƣѹˣ˺ͻԱ󽫣бɲⳡĵս˲ö˴峤ͺڼ䲻
ã
ʱ˿̣żĪڸ֥ˡ
а˱ɫнˣ˴峤ڼײˡΧ
̶ֻʱ䣬ս췭ظһٰʮȵĴת䣬Уֻ֥ĿţʲôҲˣ١
˼
ʯ䣬һɫľ޴ֱа˸λɲǼռ𡣽ᣬֱ֥ײڵķλ
ƾ˴峤ͺڼǲֵܵסײǵģΣһҪȶԸײ
ߣ֥֮ľսûҴææȥ
һɬޱȣûȸ֥ݳԶâһһĺϯ£Ѹס֥ȥ·
˹֣
֥ǰǵӰȭͷָ
֥˵ⳡսǶս֮ǰ˭Ҳﲻˣ
˹ɫ䣬ɢϢܸ֥˴峤ڼֻж̶һξ룬ǰ˹ֵĳ֣ͬһ¸߲ʵĳǽһ֥ķָ
쵰
֥Ѫ죬һ侲еɱȴ
ȻҾͳȫ㣡
䣬һ̣֥һ㣬Ű˹ַ˿Ĺ
֥һ侲ƣٱңľءһΣҪĽʿϵص£֥Ҳȫʧˡ
䣡
һ̣֥״ͻһ㣬˿񱩺ͰҵĹ㰬˹Ҳһһʱ֧֮穡
棡ʧܣ
棡ʧܣ
棡ʧܣ
棬˹սܣĨɱ



1127 ԡѪ
ʱ˿̣սһ࣬۵ʬ䣬ſڵϣ˺ۣ֮ʯľٲԺгˢ¡
ֻһɲǣַ·ͣʶѣеĸо»ص壬һŨҵѪζյڶ
죡ˣ
ֹЩʳˣӰȥȺү
ΣԲúү˭Ωүԣ

һޱȣӶдͬʱ󵶽ײ˵ıը
ҵ
ԺһͷͬʱһʳĽ
ɵǸˣξԲŻȥ
ϵǰߵĸٷЩͷԺʶ
죡
ʱ˿սһ࣬ҵľãã纣ĴʳмҳɱҵһУû˵Ľ׹ķҵ䣬ѪҪˡ
δ˵һˣԸһʱȥ׷һ㣬Ƕʦй
үһ£
ҵȭͷ屻ײ˲Һݺݵڵϣ֪
ҵӿһ𣬾ʹĲ´Ӵг˳ȥһлˣ˶ڳӿȥҵΨһҵǣ֮ǰļսս˴ʬ壬׹ĵطǡǡһ˵ĵشټ̳ڸһУʹôʳ˶ʱڣûд۵ʬҵʬ塣
ֻǣһжֲ̫ʱˣҵĿľ˵ĸͳһ֧ͬȥٶȱԼҪ졣
ߣûõģСˣ
ЦսһӶӵĴʳʿϵرȥԿĹ赲ҵǡ
ľԶǿĵ˺Ͷ֡
Ϊͳ˧ľıɱԷûѡȥ׷氬˺ͻعѪս󣬶ѡȥѰ塣
˵£һȡһݡ
ˣҵˣ
ͻȻһӶߴһ͵ŤͷȥֻۻɽʬУһʬͻȻţҪֻƾһ㣬Է¶ɡ
ߣȥ赲ЩСң
һɱû˿ԥֳһ֧˵ľҵɱȥͬʱԼһ֧Щʬ۵ĵطճɱȥⳡսѾ̫ǸĴ˵ˡ
ԮǸˣоѪս졭еһУȫΪǸʳѾ֪жСڰ˹ֺǵµĻΪ⣬ڣãƵͳ˧ʳδĵˡ
ƾ֧ɱ˲֪ľ˾ͱ
֮У
¡¡ھǾ߶ġʬ塱ʮɵʱ¹⻷䣬һӴĺӿȣȻӷڳ𡣷һһԾͻȻ֮ӹؿռ䣬Ǿʬȥ
ڿпӳɣٴνϷԾӹɵľͷ½ϣһԴУеĴʳ䵶ݺݴӺ󱳲Ǿߡʬ塱ĺ󱳣û뵽·Ĵ֮С
һɲǼ䣬ʬ塱̧ͷ­ش£ԭҲѸٱýӲٶ

һ춯صĴ󺰴Ӻ󷽴ҵһĻ͵һۿͱˣѪˮ籡һı˺ʹ࣬糱ˮϯûͬʱķӦȴȻͬ
ɹˣ
¶һ˿ЦȻеƣһȻڷ˵ȴһ֮˷ܣгɾ͸еʱ
ЩԶжôգľӮʤԼܵδľｫͳ˧ͷ­ذ͸֤ҫԼĳɹҷľ˾ŵչУΪľ˲ܴ˵һ֮һ
꣡
˵ʱʱ죬ڷΪ˷ܵʱͻȻ֮䣬һǿҵΣոдвѾˡʯ䣬һֻ޳ƣѪ߰ߣȻ۵ʬ˳ֻһһס˷Ĳӡ
Ϊ˵ĸ٣׼ʵһΪ侪ˣӦٶȸޱȡʵһͷ£һˣȴȫˡ
ã
ɫһף֪һѾˡԷǱʬ·ֱʱ׼ʱŶ֣˿ķءֹˣһͻȻסʺɲǣһ̣ûȵĶ𿪶ԷһֻǿƾѾĵ
䣬ɲǼ䣬ˮ䣬ֻ֧һɲǣڵйբ֮ˮ㣬ֱʺ͵ӿӿֻС
а
ɫ𺧣־塣һ֮Уδ۷׼ʵȻֵסԷڿµһȫȥֹˣḶ́Ҳá
ˣ
ɵ
Ҹľ˵ͽ춼һĻסˡ˭Ҳû뵽ǡʬ壬巴ʬѵ·һסľ˵ĸͳ˧
ϣ
˵ʱʱ죬ʮľͽĶ䵶˷ɱ˹ȥȻһ̣䣬һһֻͻȻ˫磬ɲǼ䣬ƺƣһӴͬ쫷㱬

ֻһ󾪿ֵĴУЩ۳սɱľе˲ַ˳ȥֹˣڡ컯Ŀ£˴ڵĹڣȫƿնʧصس˹ȥ
飡
ֻһ죬ʮľ类һ㣬ݺײϡײǰͬסʮľڵ罭ӺƵӿڣеľѪ͹ڼʧ
ֹˣڴ컯£ЩľҲ类ƵһѸٸɱȥ
ֵסµ˵Щͨľ˾
ң
һľ澪֣ҪѣȻֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ڵľȫʧգ֮䣬飬Ϊһ߾߸ʬڵϡ
Щ˵ΪԶҲ졣
õЩľ˾ĹʵѸٱǣԭײܵƣҲһɲǻָࡣ
ҲǴ컯ǿ֮ͬϣҪ΢ö࣬Ҳָø졣
ͱסҪԶʵԽǶ֡


1128 ʳʣ
ĵ֮
䶢ŷôʳݺݵ
һ̣꣬һšϷĲӣͬʱһӴҲӿƵȫڡ飬һʬͱڵϣһ̳
õĹʵٴαǣڻָԭΪһ㣬ﵽһ΢ľ硣ָо˷Ĺ֮Լؾֻһľˡ
ɱ
ڶݵļž֮ܵĴ̼һľٴγ˹ԶԭžѪսȥĴʳ׹ĵطһξ룬ʱҲȫ˹Ĵʳ䵶˸űĹâȺɱȻûǳ
¡
һӰ绢Ⱥ͵س˹ȥ
ɲ֮䣬ĲҽУ֪ٴʳ˴ķѣ֫ϱۣ衣
䣬һɹɿ񱩵ľڱըǼ䣬սɸ߿գƬƬĴʳܲݰ㲻ϵ¡ֻһգۣʳ˵ʹﵽǧˡ
ֹˣ컯ʩչ˼ޣĴʳڵ;Ѫͻ᲻ܿƣӿڡ
˵ϢԽԽߣԽԽߣ֮Դļӳ£ؾҲѾԽԽǹɱŰϢ˶Ϊ֮ľ
çֹ֧
Զһ
վԶһĻƤڵѾΪһѪӰϢڲǿǿµٶκΪ֮ľ
޵ĵĻֻѾ̫ˣڶ˽⣬ǱܸоһĲκֻҪڵĵطıֲĸо
쵰ôû
սϵľ޴󶯾ڼսеİ˶ˡ˴峤ڼսܷ񣬵ڵѾɲעˡ
ڰУô޷ܣСӾȻڻ
ײĿֲǿ˶̹ģСѾײˣû뵽ڻû
ɵ˭Һˣն⣡
ԶԶ
Ѿû㹻޷ʩչħֻҪǵ۹󽫣жôǿ󣬶һԱɱġ
䣡
˵һ仰˲սϴ޴ı仯ĴʳӿţͻȻϯԭƾȥĴʳӣҲ׷׸ı˷ȫΪĿꡣ
ɵѾײˣǿ֮ĩ
ҾͲܶԸôˣһϣ뿪
ããĴʳУһʳ佫Ҳע⵽Ѫ壬һγ䵶ֱһӣŴ˷ӿȥ
ȻûеȵЩʳ佫֣Ѿһ˹ȥ¡𵴣һʳ佫һݣǱܵĸоΣգ͵һһ䵶͵سͷϷȥ
һֺƵ޼᲻ݣʮɸߣʳ佫ķӦȴˡ֮Դ壬Ķ֣˵ˡ
꣬һֻƿ磬ָǯһ㣬ץʳ佫ͷ­ϡɲ֮䣬ֻѪӿʳ佫ڵľѪʱͶһ㣬͵سڡ

ֻһĲҽУĸߴ࣬а˳Ĵʳ佫ʱѪήֻʣһãϵڣȥ
컯ʩչҪ֫ĽӴһӴζ;ѪʧٶȻɱӣرסҪ͸޷ֵ
飬绢Ⱥ컯ʩչޣһһ죬˫Ӱͣظ˫ϣ𵴡˲Ϣ䣬ֻѪ䣬ЩĴʳ佫ΪɵҪĿꡣ
ү
µһĻȻΪܵһ·ɱҵرҵĿһĻ˼ѡ
̫ˣ̫ˣ
ž޽˫ֺΪڼҵĲһΪѾҵѾ׼λᣬѪǻĺͱͳ˧һڴˡ
ܺĴӢ۲սսҵ˵õĹ޺ϵҫ
Ȼ廹ûڷ·һϨĻ棬ȼգƺϣûκζԴݻи־;ġ
ɱ
ҵʪ͵һ
¡ľУҵǰʳ˴ҵĽһɡĽڵʮɳıֱۣһźţɲǼ䣬һﾫҵһķ򣬳ɱȥ
޵УҵֻˣǶűľģԶɱļڴʳкֱײ֮еĵȫϣȫ
װĶףƬսٴηӳ˹ؼԵá
ͣ
ûˣʯȻһȴΧʳ׺ΡһʳԲ۾Ӧֱӱ޼᲻ݵȸֽնͷ­ʳսϵͷþòŵ
ү
ҵųžӣܿ嵽ߡ
ҵùңߵش󣬰պɽ󳵲ȹţ
һӶߴ屳ҵѪ߲ȴѰ侲
ҵ΢ɲǼ䣬У˳Ŀ⿴ȥʳӰĺɱУҵĿһߴ࣬Ϣ籩һӰ
ç֧
ҵ𣬻֮䣬׹ܵɱ¾ç֧ڴӵվһӴңң塣
Χɱ죬ҵվĵطȴһƬš߻ǧͿʩչħ϶ç֧Ҳ壬ֻİ˶ѡ
үҺһȥԸ
ҵ˫һеȸֳ
ãç֧Ը
ݺݵؿǰ͸һֱζûҵӦ飬һ̤ǰȥ
ɱ
Χһʳ־־壬˶࣬һƻݺݳɱ
䣡
Ĵ컯˲ɢսӿһʳﻹûгϵŤΣѪΪ罭һ㣬ûڡ
飬峤裬ԣһֻ͵̤ڵϣһ̣һӴĻ͸صף


1129 սç֧
ɲǼ䣬ֻըҽڶ԰ټƵĴʳ֮£׷ױը˰ա
£ãã˺սݺᣬ֮κģֻд컯߲ſ
ٶȼ죬һӰѸٵĳŶç֧Ǹ׶ߵĽɫȥ¡¡һһıը˷սϲгȥĴʳǱ˹Ǳķѡ
ûܹ֮ڡ
ǵע⣬Ͽȥ֧Ԯ
ԶԶأһӶдҵıӰɫӣҧҧ͵һȥ
ˣ
ҵսϣս˻һ̣ҵһȣԶķ߳ɱȥ
ç֧
ڣ巭˴ս˶ç֧ǰӭж¶˵ɱ
ּˣ
ç֧䣬絶ƽؿǰꡣ
͵ڴƾʦȣǰѾûɬۣ͸һӡ̵Ĵ֮硣
꣬ͺӲǣдܱߵگ˹أʧأԶĴʳ۹Ҳꪳɳ˲֪սʿ
֪αװݣǰʦʱ򣬾ðΣգç֧ҲҪ˻ɱ
ⳡսǲò룬ջķһԸ˹һ

۾һɢҵͷڵбɱҲκľУʦаӵżҪĵλϣоĹػԼĶʦԼˡ
ܵģ
ç֧ҡҡͷӿа˱ҪΪȥĴâܣ˹أˡ
ʥ壬ǴѩɽشķֻǴʥ֪˼ķţκ˱жóңҲûа취ֻ壬ܷˣ
ç֧ˣȻȨӵʥ壬ҲֻӵʥʹȨѡ
ˣ
ָһ죬еѪԽŨˡ
ߣʦͽվ˹صĻһսֻʦҪҲһ
ç֧бɱһҲѷ塣
¡
ɲǣû˿ԥç֧˲֡ƻź˵ʱӣһʯȴһ޴ȭӰݺݵ塣
ͬʱƺԤϵһĻĿһһ޴ȭӰͬƿնݺݵçֻ֧ȭŻԵصײһ
ֻһ춯صľ죬ɲǼ䣬ը̳ǹɰç֧ͬʱ÷˿ȥ˵ĽƲ棬һʮɳĳۼ
һ˾Ȼǰ࿹
ˣ
סɲǣͶç֧Ŷʮɵľ룬Ŀԣ˶ڶԷпһǿսɱ⡣ç֧Ȼɵ壬һݣ˹󻼣ֺγɵΪʦ
ˣ
վĵطغҵĲһ£漴̰ͬ㣬Ѹʧԭء˵м䣬֮У䣬ֻһ죬Ͷç֧ͬʱȻĿ±֮٣ݺݵĳŶԷ˹ȥ
䣡䣡䣡
ĳźһһ̣Ͷç֧мҵսһһȭϵı󵶽ĲսĵطѸٻΪսΣյĵط֮ء
ͣû˿ףһֺĵҵޱȣͻȻ£ڴһӶ˹شʵĵ棬׷ѣʯֽһѿҵıը
ֻ֮գ֮䣬һз̽£¡ʬҰ˹սߗʱĶֵըҩһ㣬ҵıը
ɢ
һĻΧ󾪺һſУ߰㣬ɢǵʵǱǵǽϣֻǱԵľϣɡ
ⳡ󽫼սܹġ
ḷ̌ʱʱУͶç֧սѾﵽ˼伤ҵĵزԶԶȥֻһűòľ籩Լϱŷĵֱ治Ͷç֧Ӱ
ˣһǴƵ󶼻ʷ٣ŵĴͳ˧һǸԭ֮ӥ˵ս鶼ķḻ׺ǵӰǽȫǳŶԷҪȥ
䣡
һ춯صıըâһ飬˫˫һ֣䵽˵ϣʮɵľ룬ţһ̳
˭Ҳû˴ңš
ʹǵ۹󽫣ҲܳõͿգֻǽĳײԼ֮Ϳնѣ󣬻ǵµ

Хһɳ֮ϯΧĵģĿ絶ƽ࿴ŶԷֽŵղû˿ļԽŨҡ
ߣ
ç֧һɫڣһ㣬˱ըļ⣬ָһգĿбŷɱϢһͷŰް㣬Σգ
۹󽫺׼վвģ壬ҽʦͽеĴ˵ɣ
ç֧Щͷ֮ļҲƣҪ׵Ľⳡս
ȭ
飬âһç֧һݣ˲仯Ϊһ⣬ϳİɫˣǰ飬˼鷢ˣһɺƴģĪܵİԵͻȻ糱ˮӵһ̣飬ռ䰼ݣһ޴ȭӰͻȻڶç֧ͷϷĳߣǵڶ
̶ʱڣʮϰٵ˶ɫȭӰȸһڶç֧˷ǹƱѵأ̩ɽѹ㣬岻ѡ
¡
еЩȭӰֻƬ̵ʱ䲻һ̣ձ飬ʮϰٵ˶ȭӰΪһ壬˲仯Ϊһɽ޴ĺɫȭЮŻأɨݺݵϯȥ
û˿һȭ£һǣضΪ֮ɫȭ̺Ӵȭû䣬ȭ棬ռ䰼ݣܲסɾֳĺۼ
һȭУҳɷĩ˵Ѫ֮һȭУ弸ɡ
ߣúã
һݹǵдçֿ֧죬ָ졣ç֧Ҫһнֺγɵ
Ť
ֻһıȣû˿ԥ˲ʩչ˴컯УеڶĴŤôһɲǣؼһƬž漴дĺɲǼ䣬йһ㣬ǧɺڱЩʵʣÿһɶ̺ŻԵӴ£նŤ


1130 ç֧֮
¡
ֻһɲӴѸװҵײһ꣬飬һǿģۿɼİɫ𵴲ƿն˷ɢȥĴŤͶç֧ġȭֻƬ̣漴˽
ˣһɽХУ˵ĿУç֧ǻ㼯˻ɽĺɫȭһŤģϢ£Ť漴͵˺ѿһʮɳľ޴ģɫѷ죡
ʲô
һĻç֧һġȭǴѩɽشѧ֮һֺųơȭ
˴ѩɽ񻰴˵Уؼһͷ󣬾ٵųΪϲӣǹᴩʱգ͸˹ȥںδﵽ˺棬ٲĵز
ҲǶç֧ɾ͵۹֮󣬲ŵǿѧç֧ôҲû뵽Ȼᱻַʽѳ롣
ϣ
ʯ䣬ϸ룬ç֧ѸٱУǼ䣬һ漴ֻһƺӶç֧ǰը漴ƺƣǵĹâѸٻΪһӰ財ҫĵâֱնȥ
ç֧ȻȭǿΪ˹ĵ۹󽫣Ļǵһʱն·ֹˣֵĳغԽеһ룬ҲǶç֧ǿ֮һ
Ȼһ̣ç֧ʼδ鷢ˡԶç֧һ岻˷飬Ľһ̤͵Ŷç֧͵˹ȥԹأûκεķ
ӣ
ç֧ʧɫֻһ˲䣬ͼȻҪַʽͬھ룬ç֧һΣȥȻҲʱ򣬶ç֧ôû뵽һĻˡ飬˵ɲǣѿһֻεĹ͵شӵ˳ݺݵ˶ç֧
ĳ
ç֧һѸٲ׽ͷݡ
ⷬٶסڣç֧ȫ񶼷ϣΪִҪɱԵ˵صµĶ
ˣç֧ûɥʧִ磬䣬һӴĻȻӶç֧ڱ˳ŽӴȣι޺ȥ

ͻȻһͺûȵç֧״ޣһ̣һĵʹȴͷιײȥɲǣ͵һڣݺҧڶç֧ϡҲʱ򣬶ç֧һҪĶӴʳһ£ֻо綾ġ
ˣ
ͷոջԺç֧оһԡ
ʱǼģ
䣡
Ƭ̵ͣͣç֧͵һϣۣ͵һѪһź˲ɷޱȡȻҲͬʱ飬ͬɹĽӴ˶çֻ֧ǯһ㣬صذڶç֧ϡ
ӣǸӡ
ç֧۾ͷ۽ǡԼӿѪȪ־ŭôû뵽ɱ֮󣬾ȻӲһƴűҲҪ
䣡
ԺиոͷɲǼ䣬һӴͬǴŤһβ⣬ֱڶç֧ڱֻһգۣç֧һɿֲ£͵Ťڲݺݵײ
ۣ˲Ϣ䣬ç֧شһлԶûн
ç֧
¡¡˵ĿУ˫ַһ֮ƣһѾٹͷ컯ʩչ£ç֧ǹɰĵ۹󽫼ƺƵƿնΪһɹۿɼѪ˳ӿڡ
ʵѾﵽһޣյľֻôһ˿ľ룬ֻѪ⣬ٳ޷ͻǲƿ
ڣõç֧۹󽫼ľ˶ʱúأȫеϸţ˱ɵ۹󽫼ıԭѾͣʵҲٴڡ
¡
һǽɫľƺƵᴩʮľҲܿΪҫۡ
ؼеԪ˲ϢҵڱɺƴĽɫһʯ£˹ΪģԲķΧڣһˡ
ɲ˾ңΧ֮ɲ֮䣬˵ע⣬ǵ¡ˡأ˴峤ԼڼսʿսײɻͷƳһۡһɲǣʱ·Żÿ˶ǵâӰ¶𺳵ɫ
ûκһڸոͻƵ۹󽫼ʱ˾˵Ϸ飬ѾԽ˳
ç֧
Ⲩ޴ıУһƼžԵΪ̶
վսĺ󷽣Զƽݲȵϣ¶һɼȾֵɫ˶۹󽫵𺳵ʱֻдע⵽ľżһ㣬߸߾Ķç֧
ç֧ˣ
˵۹ǰһ˿ϣѵĻôڣͻƵ۹󽫼𣬶ç֧Ҳûκһ˿Ļᡣ
ڳɹˣ
һɲǣûеĸܣʱ䣬Ϊˣֽ˵۹󽫼𣬻ָǰľ硣
䣡
žı仯ǧĸڱڵԾ˵ٶȣѸ仯תΪǿֻϢʱ䣬Źʵĸı䣬ʵٴˮǴߣһء
۹󽫳ףнף߽סϣϢ䣬˱Ҫʮܷת䡣
û˾ƣϷľͼʶڷáҪͨ۹󽫵Ļ۹̣ѸͻƵ۹󽫵ĳ׺нףﵽһ˵ľ硣
¡֪˶ãһǰδеĸ˵ĿУһԻ͵Ľɫ⻷СѸٴɢȻص׹䵽ءһɲƼɵǾʣʵΪȫһˣɲ⡣
⣬⡭ⲻܣ
ʱ˿̵Ķç֧Ϣ΢ʶĸоı仯ֱ仯ѾȫԽ
ڶç֧֪;Уûмκһ˿һͻƵ۹󽫵ɲǣ˾ҵı仯ʵ֮ޡ
ֹˣڽ۹󽫼󣬾컯ʵı仯ǹøӿֲӵ԰ѣç֧ڵ֮ǰٶӿڡ
û˿һ㣬ܣ㵽ʲôˣ
ç֧׳£ض壬ĿǾԼ徭Ѿȫס޷Ƕç֧ǵдʶѵġ
壬ç֧񿴵һ޴ĺڶϷһУѾȫ޷óȥ͡
ç֧ټˣҰɣ
Ŀᣬûлش𡣴Ť߷ޣ˲Ϣ䣬ç֧һ˿Ҳڡ꣬ʧȥȫеľѪç֧ͷ­һʶ˲ɢޱߵĺڰ֮С
˹ظԭȱһۣԼâ֮ʱç֧ΪиͷսƬ˹սϣ


1131 ʥ壡
ϲɱһ۹󽫣ıʷ̣شӰ죬4000㣡¼˹֮սҪӰ죡
ͬʱһԺٴ֮ʯֻǴʱѾϾȥעˡ¡˫һףç֧ʬڵϣԶסʦа˵ľ޴ȥ
쵰
Ϊ󽫾𣡡
ɱ
ç֧ʬڵϵɲǣսе˹ʿˡ˹ظԭԭ֮ӥç֧ӵо޴Ӱ죬ʷ֮Уʮе۹ս˵Уç֧䣬Ʊض˹ص۹ɾ޴Ӱͳ
ɱ
һ˹ʿ˫ͨ죬ܲˣ͵һսɱǱҪǰЭʳ߽Ѫս󣬵ʱе˹ȫһ㣬Ѿȫ˲ˣһسȥ
쵰
Զرں˼սһĻһ޷ƵŭɱȻ֮籡룬һԶɱ
Ȼؿ죬и˱ٶȸ졣¡һ漴һɿֲĽɫ⻯Ϊ硣ڻ֮ǰһǧɳĽƽɽͻز漴ؿռ䣬ҵնԶ塣
տʼʱ򻹸ڲ廹мԶľ룬һ̣Ѿͷ
ײ
ʱܹ˿ֲһģҲֻдʳսײ
ۿҪֲһˣһ̣벻鷢ˡ
¡𶯣𾪵ĿУһ뾶ﵽʮɵľ޴⻷ԿĻƣ϶أ͵شɢǵڶĵһһÿһ⻷ֺ貣ֽȻͬ
һɲǣϱŷĹâȻ˿ѷײ
¡ֻһľ죬ײĽҪƮɲǣһֲĽɫǵأɽȻڱһ϶˻У˲䱻ŨҶܵĽûȡ֮һ޴ԭء
¡¡
û˿ײһĿֲ񾪹Ľضֽһ㣬˲ѿʯ̳ʬ壬ɰ֮ߣ̳أײʷ˵һ
һһεĴɱ˹صĵ۹󽫶ç֧һڼҵսн˵۹󽫵ļһֶײƺ裬Ҳ׵ؼλʳսɱ˴峤ͺڼ˲ϡ
ˣɢսѻȸĿǵĵط׷۾û˿Եֵײ˿ֲһֻĿĴأҲ֪һɡ
죬
ͻȻһսֻһʳָǰͫ¶һ˿ɫ
һ̣˳ʳָķԶĿ꣬ױŤĴ룬̳̳룬ԿһɫĹâ
䣡
һʯǧˣǵɫĹӰ˶סˡûǸƵͳ˧ȻӲĽסײһ
һɿ·Ӧ˵ǹ̳ɢ̳룬ٴֳһӰɢҵĳɫĿף쳣ѩ͵񣬼˺Զľ룬ÿ˶ܸо־սϢľ
飬ݺݵؿԶеײһݣ˵ԶĽɫԡ
ɱ
ǧĴʳعٴɱȥһ̣һ𡢺ɫڱѸٻΪһε󷨣ΧеĴʳﻹûпڵľѪƿնڷ£׷ӿķ

ﵽ۹󽫵ļ󣬴컯ҲŽѾԴΧ󷨣ԸЩͨĴʳ
ʦ
´֮ʱѸ׶ߵĽɫ塣ΪеǷ飬Ϊ˸ıս֣嶼ԼʦȳֻҪȳʦܹһսҲӵ˻ײ
ֻǲ֪ΪʲôȻǶç֧͵ϮģǶç֧ɱ֮ɴԭأ׹˸гĻɸһּΣյĸо
¡
ϸ룬͵һ׶ߵľ޴ϣȻֻһ죬ɽ嶼һƣڽɫϣȴû˿ı仯޴Ľûжһ¡ĸоУɫľͺһ⻬ľӣľϣйˡ
ܿ죬ͣЪһȭһȭһȭϺڽɫ棬Ȼȭ֮Ѹͣ
ʦ
йâһͣǰĽɫɽһ㣬ɿȻⲢǴʹͣԭ򣬾ڹɫʱоһֲӾ洫ƺʦڴ湥ͼ
΢һ˼ֹͣ˹ȻлûһҲ֪Щǳ⣬çײĴ湥˵Ȳˣӷ˵ˡ
ϵʦ
ԺѸһͷǰĽɫǴѩɽشǧĹϷڶç֧󻹿תƾͻƲ˵ġǼ򵥵ߣˣһ̣һӴľɽХһ㣬ӿӿ˽ɫ塣
࣬öѧɽķʥжôǿ󣬶ھöôǿ
ˣ
ľʵʣƿնܿ죬ڽɫı棬ӴһεľϣУоһɻްķ
Ǵѩɽʥɮӳֵľ
ܿͷӦѩɽ޳߲ǿߣͬҲǼǿľʿǰһо޲ߣաǿľִõӴĹھзź֪ʶڵѽȣ˵ھܹ˾Բࡣ
䣬ľһ䣬˲仯Ϊˮһ㣬ס׶ߵĽɫ塣
ҵˣ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ڴӱ鲼ɫľУһ˿©һĴָСĿ׶ƺΪʱ䣬ĳķģԳ©ܺСǶ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ˣһ̣ľ͸⴦ĴָСġȱڡӿ뵽˽ɫ档
·ֻһɲǣֺͣһ̣ڸܵһϤϢ
𣿡
ûȵ忪ڣһϵ͸ƣͻȻԺۿһ죬ᡣ
ʦô
役ʦ״̬ĵģǴ̫
˵ö˹صķΪ⣬ܹ㹥תΪԸңȲҪŹ
а˵ӽɫڴ


1132 ʦ
ʲô
һıɫĵľˣзܹⲿתڲĽƷһķֵķʣç֧öʥ壬֮һ
˲ˡ

ս˲Ϣ䣬ײһʥ壬ǰ̶ֻһɲǵʱ䣬Ƕսһ˵Ļ˵Ѿ㹻ⷢһٰʮȵĴתˡ
ç֧ɱɲǣֻ٣޲һɱ壬ǼʶסײȫһһĻеĳ嶯ŭ˲ʧĸɸɾ
ͻƵ۹󽫼Ѿǿֵزôܻεķŭ޷ɱ塣
٣ǻأҲ޷ڵʱ£סײǱѵصһ
˹ˣҪȸɵЩˣȻɱСӣ
ͻȻһ󼱴ٵĴʳӶߴزûͷҲ֪һľ˵ͳ찬ˡսغͰ֮Ѿγ˼ߵĬҲ׶Է˼
سƬ̣һҧתٴͶ뵽ս֮С
Ҫȳʦаıսĸ֣ʳ˺˹ֺ뾡˴峤ͺڼսս
¡
һ죬ٴ˼ҵս֮У˫սԽңٴαöԴƲ
ǰǧϣһҪ֧סΪӮ㹻ʱ䣡
һӶߴ֥һս£ҵսϣҪκԣ֥ܹͼֻҪȳаˣƾͻһսҲܹڳⳡսŻת
飬һɺƴӸ֥ϱһ𿪰˹֡
֥ץᣬһ뵽ս֮У¡âһ˼˲֣˸޴ĺɫХֱײܵİ˸λãǹӴĻ˲ײΧ
֥ߣ
һһ̣˹ֻϢΣһײߣ˹͵һȭĺɫǵأɽͬʱŸ֥˴峤ڼˣˢȥ
Ÿ֥Ͱ˹ֵսⳡս˳׵ĻսҲñ֮ǰԽΣգ᧿Σ
ͬʱһˣҲǰδе֣ԸоõʦڵĴ䲻ǣöʥԣʹ޷Ԯ֡
ɱ죬˵ıըһһ󣬲ͣ壬ƾڵΣմ
ÿһ̶дĴʿÿһ̴ƵĴӶ񻯡
ʱ˿̣뾡
ҪôھͷذԿײζҪ׵ķʦҪô̵ʱھȳʦƾ˵ıս֣ζŴܸʧһ֣嶼뾡
ΣǾԲģ
һâѸٱüᶨ
ˣǰľ˲ӵʥ壬ͬһʱӴҲ纣һӿԸַʽ̽ʥ塣ԼҵʦһӣⳡսҲҪİ
ǵҽǧ𣿡
岻̽ʱа˵ͻȻС
ǵã
Ӧ
κﶼģˣضҲˣҲο˺ͷȻҲ֪δ߶Ҳ֪ʩչھֻҪҵһԴö
а˳
Ϣң״̬Բ̫ãǸ˵ĸоԶôƽ˲֪İ
ǧص㣬ǿԸ֪ԷϵŹķаҹ֮ͬԴһ𴫸ֻȻ֮Դȴûǧ
֮䣬ƺһ˿εϣʹ岢ûа취ڶʱڣǿľѧ
а˵
ոԹˣѾҵöڲţԶԶڵֻӷҵһţһͬʱţпܴö
а˵ĻƽȴɲҲиߵ֣֮֮ͬԴʦаŷϵȻԶԶԼ
Ųһʱ䣬Ҫаһڶʱڣҵѩɽشţô׵£ο廹һֱûɹǧ
һпˣ
а˵洫
꣡
ϸ룬ָһգ͵ȭͷ
ʱȲжôѣ嶼뾡İʦ˵ҵʥţѾѡˡ
ʦģһģ
һܿȫ񶼹עǰķʥϡ
ʯ䣬һϵܿǧķת
ǧܿ͸һ书ţʦа˵裬Ѿ˿Կ͸šĵزҪʦ򿪷ʥ壬ͱţֻǣǧƲһ֮Դ;ɹǧ
ɱ
Զɱ죬һը˰ĲҽٴδС
Щһֻֻ֣ͣ񾭣нޱȡ
ˣ
һһ˲ŷѸٵĽ֮Դ硪
¡
ɲǼ䣬籬ըٴνǸ磬еһ˲ʧ忴Ĺȣؼ伱ӿСǿͬ
Ҳûʦа˵İ£һƾԼʵ뵽֮Դ硣
ҵˣ
һܿҵ˷ʥ֮Դеλá
ֻ֮Դ磬ſöʥĿѾûκ״忴ľһɽҿֲĽɫ
ɫ棬ȣ忴ССķӣŽɫʥ壬һȦһȦԲЩдСϵϢҲͬǧķӹһӴķ󣬿׳ۣ̲סη
ǷʥĿ
ǰķд˷ֻǳ壬ʥеӴǷڡ
һ̣ˣؼһľ£ǳǧССɫӹɵķӿȥ䣬һʯǧˣԭƽĽɫӷڽӴɲǣ˲伤Ȼ󲨡
֮ԴУһһصķӷתѸٽȡһ㴫ݵ˷ģ˲ʧ٣뵽ǽɫΣյ֮УʹԽǿ
ʧһɲǣ֮Դ￴һ޴Ľɫdַš


1133 ɰٴ˴

dַĳֵʱһССĽɫӣƺͬʱ
һĻɫ
ѩɽ˹ظԭʥأ̫Ĵ˵ˣǴǧֲ꣬ȫ
ѩɽӵδ֪ܣҲ֪ľѧǡذˡųԡǹԣʲôܣ̺ʲô˴ѩɽ⣬˸һ֪
Щ죬ĩѧںϵʱڴѩɽľѧҲǻĪ
Ϊ±Ԫ˧ԿߵʱҲûܹӴǡ
ˣѩɽ书Ҳ޵еģκѧǷ֮ĺ˵ĵѩɽҲ⡣
ţʦ˵ģֻҪҵʥ˵ţһԴöķʦų
ҪѰҷʥţûбǧˣžѧѰҶԷķ棬޵УһҪǧ
Ժд˷ڤڤУǧĹӿһڵѸٲ˱仯һɹɻֳɳǧƣԼѨУһһϸСС
ȫطγɳǧѪǧĳĿꡣ
֪˶ãһ̣ѨУƾ󽫼ķḻ飬ѸѨϻǧ
ֻһ춯صľ죬һȻֻǶ̶һȫѨϢǿҵʱѨеȫ緢ֻһɲǣɢѨеСѸʧ
û˿ԥٴεȫǧĹתֻһΣӵСġ
͸֮Դ磬徫׼ĿÿһѨеתﵽ۹󽫵ļĲٿѾﵽĵزͬĵ۹󽫣ҲԱ⡣
һεľ飬ѨתԽƽȣͣʱҲԽƬ֮󣬿Ŭٴ
Ʋƶ
ǧҪߣƹȻſĵĵϢޱȣפס
츳ѾǼ侪ˣ̾Ϊֹˣֻ˵һ飬ܽǧֵز֤ʦ۹Ⲣûдֻ㻹ûף֮ԴĵΪʦ㣬ɰٴ˴Ϊʲô
ʱа˵ԺдľĽչһֱĬĬע
⡭
ȫû뵽ʦʱԼ⣬֪ʦĻ⡣
Ϊ󺣵Ӻ
̽ŵ
Ǻǣô˵ҲΪʦ㣬͹ĻΪʲôˮ磬
а˵
⡭
ʱ˵ˡ
ԡΪ𣿡
ȻΪʦһ͸ɰٴ˴󣬲Ϊ󣬶ΪաΪûװĶԲɰٴĵ״̬ΪʲôѨסԭĵﲻգǧֻҪܽ㣬Ϳǧˡ
аο
ԣˣӦôһյĵۿյĻûбظյˣԣʦ˼ǣӦðڵﻯΪⵤصɿյĵפ𣿡
૵
ˣ
ĻʥȻһа㵣˵Ļסˡ
ı彫ﲿַſգȻûдﵽƹЧҲܹȡƵЧȻûа취ǧֵزҲԴﵽ߷ֵĳ̶ȣҲ㹻ȥƽʥˡ
ֻа˶û뵽˼άȻԾȻ뵽޾ȡɢĵ
˵ģΪʦûгԹΪʦƣ㲢ͬΪʦҲûа취жϣĸǶԻǴɹˣǧϵĳɾͣ㽫ԶԶسΪʦǧĴߡ
˵޵ģԼ֪硣
뷨а˶޷жϻ᲻ɹǴϣ뷨ûκεĲ
һ࣬ȴûôֻ࣬Ҫٵľȳʦں
ˣ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Ѹٵĸı΢һ˼⣬ȫٴι뵽Ѩ֮УֻһΣ˳ʱ뷽תǷ˹
ͬһʱ̣彫ԼĵѨϾصѨϡ

ͻȻ֮䣬帣飬Ȼ̧֮ͷ޾֮Դ磬һ磬ֺγһء
ϸȥؼһɹɴСС൱һɹԵĸߵȼڵľ𣿶Щɫ죬죬򰵵ĸһǶȥһɵġࡱ
뵽жʱ粦ƼգһƬ
¡
һ̣ͬӦеı仯ΪģΧ֮ڣ仯ˮһ˼鷢ˣӿһɫġѪܡͬŤһ㣬ɵ֡
ÿһѪܡĩˣѨϣǸ죬ޱȡ
Ȼֻһɲǵʱ䣬еľȫʧڣһ
ʵͻƵ۹󽫺󣬱ʹﵽһߵĵزڣһѨΪѪÿһעʵٴα
ôܣ
ʱΨһʱ䡢սλõˣҲֻдˡ
಻佫ΪͳսĴڣҲҪȫ֣ʱսϵж
޲֪ϷʲôϵϢ仯ȴ֪λ˹صľУԽǿͿ¡
ڴ޵ĸ֪УڵѾѷɫڸ֥Ͱ˹֣ĳЩط¸ӵǿ
һ֮дûĶ֣Ͱ˽֣ǵ½֣ȺܵײιͬʱܵǧĹʵûıǣвԼʮӣôּȵĲ
ײ˹ֻ֣пˡΣһҪٶȣǣƵƵľѪս󣡡
нǣĿʶԶǵһ㣬âɵӰ
һеıѾʵ֣ؼģִһƣ
ֻˣеһ͸Ų׷ѣҲֻˣç֧Żмֵ



1134 а
ʱ˿̣Ѿȫ覹˼Ѿȫе֮Դ磬еǰķʥϡ
ĸоԭǧ

׵ġѨϵҳǧ򣬱ڵľѪҲ֮仯еҲ֮˱仯֮ǰʱ۲֮Դ磬ֻܸܵĴСǿȣͬۿһŶάƽֽϵһ
ǵǧΪⵤһжʱַ˱仯
ĸоУֹıСǿȣͻȻܹ֮ܵԴУÿһһš룬ƶͲǴӶάֽ磬ͻƵάĿռ䣬ʵı仯
ĸ֪ϸ³̶Ⱥ;ȣȫһ
彫֪ĿѸٵƵǰķʥ壬һ̣һжʱȫͬǧССĽɫӹɵӴ󡢷ķжʱȫͬ
Ըоÿһɫӵƶ֮Դ΢СеһУ֮ǰۻʽйģеһ
ҵˣ
ͻȻ֮һĿ˷ʥһ΢СޱȣڽƵӴУѷ֣еĽɫӲϵƶǵϢȫڸ
ʥ屾̫ӴӴΪһʼҲȻûз֡
κηʩߵڣʥҲ⣬һĳλܹʩߵӳ󣬶°Ƿĺš
⣬ÿһһߣķжôǿһʼ취Ǹ㡱ζ޷ƵģǷ㡣ֻεĵأֻ߽ﵽн޵ĵزѰҵġš
̫ˣ
徫ͨԺеаˡ
ʦͬʱ֣Ӧϣһƿ


һ
䣡
һɲǣʦаһһڣֻͬʱصڷʥϡ

һɲǵľʥҲһӴɽһ㱬棬粨˰
£ʯһһ㣬һɹĳڶһѿ
һɲǵĽɫصɽһ㣬ɫʥĵײͣزȴʼûŲҵɫʥţϾʩչҲֻܽ˶ѡ
ҿ
ۿŽɫĲԽԽСʦȴʼ޷˫һ죬ȫķһɾеɽХһ㣬ӿʥУͬһʱ䣬Ӵľҵĺڽɫľϡ
䣬ʯ䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬·Ҳ岻Բһ˫ͨ۾ͣضŽɫʥ塣
ֻһɲǣֺ͡һ̣һɫʥĵ׶ͻȻŲһ˿϶
ʦ
㾡ȫֵʥ壬ϵöʥϣѩɽʥɮӳֵķ̫ǿһһǧۻʹ嶼Եֵеҷķ̫ǿ󣬾˿϶ʱʧ
ʱһӴȻӷʥڲʥ屾ʹһȱڣʱ͵˼֡
ɫ棬һϵӰڵʯ䣬ವһ£͵˳׶ߵĽɫ壬͵ص졣
һɹɵ̳ӽײ緢֮ߡ
ʦ
忴ŽɫǰǵϤӰһ󼤶͵ȥһѱסʦаˡ
Ϊʦö̫࣬ѾԶԿײˣ֮Դͻ˴󽫼ѧΪʦǧΪʦлĶѾˣҪˣ
а˴ʱ״䲻ϵϢң½һƬƬѪգ˿ƣ
֮ǰսѾײķ̫ç֧͵Ϯʹ⧲ʥУʥѩɽʥɮӳֵĽ˼
а˵д棬۷״̬ν壬ǣΪﱻƣа˸;սͷʥеĽƿ⵽ڣһ۷ս
ܹұôʵͬʱҵ˷ʥڲţѾ൱ˡǰûз
ҲΪˣڵаѾ޷ײͥˡ

а˵δ䣬ͻȻ֮һ춯صĲҽУ˵ĺǾ޴ͬĩһ㣬ɨ˹ս
Ǵƣ
а˶Ļعͷ˶ޱȵΡ
ֻһǰһӰ߸͵ײɳȥѪ
Է糾
ͫһһ۱˳Է糾ӰϤˡ
ǵ£
Ŀɨգ˲һӰǵӰ󣬾Է糾·еĴ֮ӿзɻء
ǵǴʳĵ۹󽫣˭Ҳû뵽Ȼʱսţ͵ϮԷ糾ֻһͽԷ糾ˡ
Է糾ʵͲǵ£ǵ͵Ϯ͸ӲǶ֡
ɵǣ
ǵ±ɱдû˿ԥ͵ϮԷ糾֮ǵһݣųǧ˹ȥ
ײ˹֡ءˣټǵ£֣ζʱöԴƼ䲻һлֻǿʼŵһԷ糾ǵ»ɵɲǣˣâһһ޴Ľɫأ״ɽ壬͵һնһԷ԰ףΪԷ糾˴峤
һѡʱǡô˴峤ʵҲȫ޷

ֻһĲҽУ˴峤ʱײһСǲϵһ͵һѪ˷·߷һ㳯ź󷽷ȥ¡һصںһ¸߸ߵĸǽ֮ѪƮ衣
¡
һĻа˻һػԶеĴսʿҲ׷ʧڼıɫ
ǵ³ɹ͵Ϯȫⳡսƽ⣬ײǿʵֱ˴峤˴峤аѸߣϵսټײػʱܵǰδеش
û˴峤֧֣Ƶķ߶ʱ᧿Σû˿ԶԿײˡ
ã
ߣ
˵Ѫһӿϣϸ룬һΣʦһԶȥķӦѾܿˣվһһս˫ʱ䡣
ײ֮ǰһֱǿѹ˴峤еĹעϣΪľһ̡
ڼʵȻߣײľȴߣƾһڼֵסײ


1135 ۹󽫣
죬֮ʱ
ײģ˿ؼѹսһУХҽɱеһж΢š¡һ̣·綼һ㣬ÿ˶߶һӴ
£˵ĿϹУ֮һŽɫâͬһȻըʮľ룬ܿһ̵ײ裬ƺƣȻ֮䱬һĽɫ
һ̵ײաأԼʬĳ£ߴͬһΰޱߵoһ㣬ÿһˣеһַС
䣡
ʯ䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬һɲǣʱ䶼·ŻڳǧĿУһǧɵĽɫֺƵֱֻһ˺գֿƲ㣬֮죬ɸ֣ɽ纣ĺڼصɳȥ
ɱ
ǧ˷ܵź춯أײɺڼ֮˵ɲǣϣ̍дƶս⻷һһͬ㲻ϵϨ
ǰˡءǵ¡նһֻ֡һΣĿ겻˴峤ͺڼǻЩƵĶš
䣡
̳ը춯أĲҽһƬһƬȫըգ͸ڣЩǧʵǿĶսʿȫ顣
ѪͲ֫衣
ЩƸսѵĶսʿԶԿѪ޾šѪšηšš԰Щʳķľѹڽ£ȴ޷ԿЩģվȨ͵λĵ۹ǣ
ֻһɲǼ䣬ʧء
һлԶûнɱյУƵĴʳ˹ش˫Ѫ죬ɱڣһ䵶ŴƵľӳɱȥһսȻеʱ䲻̫Ǵʳ˹صʧȴء
ԭдʮǽսڣֻʣˡһսʼʱȴнӽʮˣ
˲νˣ
սڣǴ˻һᣬһʳ˹Ĵţһսٶȴ˼£ŴƵķ߳ȥ
¡
羪İʯϮײУսȥ̶ֻʱڣƵķڱıԵΣޱȡ
󳷣ȫˣ
ʯ䣬һĴȾ춯أԶԶĴļǣ٣ĳսٶȱ׳磬ﵽ˼ޣǧɵľһӶ֮˺һİɫպۣе׶µĲӰ
ƽһΣͻƵ۹󽫼Լٶ֮ںҪƵը
죡ٿ㣡ٿ㡭
ХеһжΪģӰ൹ɶȥݺݵȭͷһڸҪҧˡ䣬Ӵ˹սϣеĴʳ˹ֻҪǵǰ·ϵģ֪˴׷Ʒɣ˷׷ɿȥ
Ĵʳ˹شֱӱһģֱġ·֪ڽӴ˲䣬ͱײɷ顣ٶѾܿˣ˲Ϣսϣˡ

ֻһ춯صĲҽУĴʳӵ룬ĵ⣬һĵâֻһӣĴսʿӻӵ¡ֻһ棬պɽµ󳵲پǧ˵¡
еĴƾУЩɽɲʵΪڴʳ˵ĳУЩɽɵ󳵲Ҳġһһսʿʳ˹ᴩѪ

һĻĿѣʯ䣬¡һһڵ㣬ݺݵײĴʳ֮СĲҽУѪɣΪģɳɽɫͬһһ㱬Բ֪ٴʳﱻķѡ
Сģ
ֹ
̫̫ˣͻȻ֣ðˡءǵһƬţ˶彻֣ϳԹżļɵ
֮գ
շӣ
󺣿񳱣
۹һ֣ϵŭӵԼ֮лХһƬֽȻͬȴͬǿޱȵӿȣһƬľһЮŻԵ̩ɽѹһ㣬ݺݵ
֣ǹ캳أɽӣκΪ֮Ȼʧɫͬĵ۹󽫣Ҳֵܵ˵ֹ
壬Сģ
ޱߵĹ쳹أ֥ϴĺڼײͰ˹ֵ¿֧ţǾˣ֥ʼչעսơˡصΧ壬֥дΪ
컯
һ쳹أ˵Ĺƣ岻ܣĿâǣ产ˡһɲǵ壬ȫѹеκһˡ䣬ĳ֣֮ȻΪ񱩵ĺ֮䣬еԪΪΪķӿ
ˡءǵ˷ʸĻҲĴ컯£һɹŤƫԭķ
ʲô
ôܣ
ܵȥͻȻ֮ɥʧƣɫ΢ףʧɫͻȻƿ̤۹󽫵ļһȹ̣ʯ˲ֵع͵ҪǵϼѣҪǵʹ֮ʧأǼܡ
ȴˡ
ȫŤһվ߽ĵ۹󽫵Ĺ֮׵ƫԭĹ켣Ūڹ֮䣬ܣѾȫǵ
䣡
ֻһɲǼ䣬Ϳˡءǵ˷ڿлһߣײһһıըִټ䣬֪ٴʳܵҵľըɷ顣
ֵ۹󽫼ĸ߼սЩͨսʿԲġ
һлԶûнֻһǣءˡǵͬʱƺһɫ䣬߰㣬ȥ˳ͬʱۣһɹѪڱ
۹󽫼ڷӳ컯ֻǶЩͨߣǶڵ۹󽫼Ҳ޷ֻһɲǣˣһɹѪӿٴ뺣㣬׷ӿڡ
컯ܹλа֮ףɾη־壬ҲΪֿµΪ˵õа湦ϲ֪˶ȷѪꡣ
е˵а湦ӵ޿ɱ֮ͬУûĵ֣һֻǸĶ֣컯Ҳȫࡣ

ˡءǵȻ˵ÿ죬Ӧ磬ǶĴʳ˹˵Ͳˡ飬ֻգ֮䣬Ѫ֪ľ׮㣬׷׵ȥ
Ѫзӿ羨̺ڡһѪڣԲʮڣʬۣûһվŵġ


1136 ȫ󳷣
˹Ī֮ŭ
ڰˡءǵ˷ٺ˵ʱһӴϢ籩һ㣬ȻͷϮͷбϷһӰ˫ŷֿħ̤գһֻͭɢŹĹâ
˹֣
ɫһ䣬˲˳
ۼ۹󽫳ԿλʳĶܶҲ̲סˡ
԰˹ɽͰصĹһû˿ԥ͵һȭϣǵĽɫ⻷Ȼεض˲Ϣȭ֮Уȭһ˳ȥ
𣬾˵ĿУɫȭӿȻΪһɫľŰ˹ֺȭ˳ȥ
䣡
ȭཻռ·ľһ㣬˲ԳѺۡ
һȭ˿еİ˹ȴ̲ס˫΢ΣһС
ⲻܣ
˹ԭڣһͱ˵ζǿһĻ̲סꡣ
ڲ֮ǰлһʵ̫ǿıսĴͳ˧̶ֻյʱ䣬ͿԺͥȻһΪڿУûн֮Żơ
һ˹ѾоʵѾһ˼ĵزȻԺܶᲢۣһЩ
ߣ
˵ʱʱ죬˰˹ֵɲǣһͻȻͷϷ͸һ˲ζû巴Ӧâһһ磬Խ̩ɽȻͷ
ײ
ͫһ˲Ϣ䣬ͷƤըһǰδеΣдвʯ䣬룬ȫⱩǣһ޴Ľɫ⻷ڱһ͵Ҳ纣Хڱ
Ť
ɲǼ䣬ΪģеһжŤ
¡
ײĽ䡣ɲǼ䣬ڽӴĵطһ̫ҪҫǧĹââ̺֮ĻκΪ֮ǹȻһֱӱʮɣ˫Ų棬ĹۣӲʯҲ׷ѡ
ɶ񣡡
ʮ⣬嶨סſǵӰԺӹâһȻɹĽֱȴײֲ÷飬ڲۿĵطظоѪΪ̫ܵӴ͵ըѿ
ʱ̫ˣ
аĿԽ
ȻͻƵ˵۹󽫵ļ𣬲ܹһ֮ܰˡԼǵ£ͻƵʱձϾ̫̣ûʱȥȹ̡ʵ磬ʹײ֮仹һξ롣Ȼξͨпûô󣬵ּսУȴԸıսս֡
ҵӰ˹ȫٺˣ
Хм޵ĳ衣
ˣǧˣ˴峤ˣڼˣʦаˡƵľӣԼ͸֥ȫܵش
̶ʱڣǵضĴʳԼصȵ۹󽫵ĹȴƵĶȫʧء
պɽ󳵲ӣһҲʧء
ⳡ˹֮սǿǰ漸յսһδˡǵһս価ǧ󳵲սʿʧأֻһǧˣȫս
ڴսϵȫҲˣһԾ˵ٶġٲ󳷣͸֥˻ӵһƵľӣȫûȫڴˡ
ˣ𶯣ԭƵľӻڷսԥˡɽκʱЩʿжӵмӰھѪսڱϵ߽⣬ټȥ˶·һ

¶Ϻȫٺ󳷣

ҵϵһ޽ʹ
ҵھееĴڿʼߡ
ɱҪΪֵǱ𣡡
һ󳵲ӵսʿѪ۾ûֻʹǰ壬ֻʣ¶һʳȻһ̣һֻƴӺץס
վס
պɽƽƽ˿󳵲սʿĶУȴ·һ£Ȼ֮ͣ˽Ų·˶һ㡣
֪飬ǾΥŶһ
պɽǰǵϤӰ
պɽУûѶ֣Ͽɵĵһѡǣպɽ߰ˣҲòΪۣ֮ҲԶǧϵѵһ֧󳵲ӣȻ˹ԭ
պɽ̰֮۹󽫵պɽԲӣպɽȥ˼

պɽһӣɲǼ䣬е󳵲սʿ糱ˮһ㣬պɽȫȥ
ߵ𣿡
һ󴫳
ײȫɫף˫ֳֽĿӥһ㡣עȫϣǿƾӵĶײɫһ䣬һ̣䣬һɫĽƺƵײͷƿնͨأգ֮ͻΪһǧɵľ콣
ײĶң
ۿײһ£ԴƾӴʱǰһض˲ءʯ䣬ϸ룬һݣȻƿն
Ѱ·ҵĶ֣
ײĿɫ䣬ûпһ壬صһͣһ¶ûС
¡ݶ˹ɲǣײһָǼ䣬һֺĽ춯أȻ֮䳯弲ն
ײͬһʱȻԷµĿֲø֥Ȼɫ䡣ײĿֲΪǱɴȵľ޽Ѿﵽ˾ֵĵزֹˣ֥оⳡսУײʵƺԽǿ
ⳡҵսУƺڲϼȡ͸ֽͬսľ飬ǿԼ
ͷӹԺ֥һƬͻȻЩףΪʲôײΪʳսˡ¾ֻΪײʵǿô򵥡
壬Сģ
֥󺰵
¡룬֥˲һȭ˼ֶסҪֵİ˹֡
ʱҲǸ֥Ψһˡ

ۿײĶãһסԼͬʱҪնɱƶ⾫˫Ŀһ죬ȼգ컯һУͬʱҲǿһУ˲֡
û˿һеƣ彫һм·һ£Ǽ䣬ΪģеĿռȫҲ
Χʮ֮ڣеĹȫʧޱȡ̺һǿĻ


1137 վս
ˣ
ײԭ˫Ŀעǰˮ㳷˵Ĵʳӣֵɲǣɫһ䣬ڻعͷһ˫ԭĿ⣬ʱޱȡ

Ǵ컯߾磬а̴һսУɱʮаɵľ뢣¾ǧɸ֣һٵ춨аڽ֮еϵλҲаۡͷ
һܹ˺գͬʱܹЩĻ֡ĹײǿڣҲòԴ
ˣֻһ콣ԭڳдƾӵĽɫһɲǣͻȻı䷽򣬳ն
Ǽ䣬ԭն϶ΪһΪһ֮ԭǿҲ財ҫ۵Ľɫֱն¡
¡
ֽȻͬĻޱȣ˲ҵײһ
һɲǣںڰ˿âͻȻ֣˲Ϣ֮仯ΪһֽɫպһֺɫԲ¡
ǰֵ»ӰͬһպԲ¡ܹһӿᣬԲϣҲԿһӿݵĸߵغͰݡ彫컯;ġաںϴġ
ɰȻײٴɣײһӴУҲĴһٷ顣һֱȻɽײҲ̲ס˫һ¡
ɵķײһαɫ
ײһγսʱ廹Զײκв͸֥ϡǧ֣ɲĶ֡ڣ岻סȫһһ˫ζײһǰδеɱ
Ϊʦ㣡
ײ˫ȭս׼ٴγֵɲǣͻȻһû˷ӦӰһаһ㣬Ѹ뵽ײ֮ս
㣡
ǵϤӰײɫһ䣬¶һ˿ɵɫ
¡ֻһգۣа˵˲ײϡͬʱչڼǿѹƣžѪս죬һɽ㣬͵˹ȥ
ʦСģ
ͬʱһ룬ٴα֣һսײ
ײңųƴʳĵһǿߣ˵ĹʱҲϾˣæӦ۹󽫵Χ
塢аˡڼֽ󳵲ӡг˵ľӣܵѹʱΪ
ǣ˶ǿ֮ĩײʵԶԸǣЩƵľӳˣɱǣǾͿӮⳡսʤ
ХսһƬҡ˵ĿֻͣƬ̣泱ˮȥĴƾӡ
˵Ļغǵ¸ûй˼Ͱһת򣬳Щƾ˵ķȥ
µľѾˣ֧󳵲ӣĶʵǿľӣǳɹ˻Ժ֪ж鷳
ֻҪɱЩƵľӣô塢аˡڼǿĵֿú塣
һ֧ûʿľӳƲľӣܹɱеĴƾӣֻ͸֥⼸ͳ˧ҲһӲȥֻ·һ
Сģʳ׷ˣ
ˡص˸ն˼񡢶ηɫͬĸͳ촦޲Tɫ䡣
۹֣жôµɱ˸ոն̹ۿ˷۵糸׷˼һɫ԰ס
ܲôˣһҪôȫˣ
ֻҪûص׷ϣеľͻ˲ء˼룬һݣ͵ڿն𣬳Żصӭȥ
ͬʱη޲TҲѸ˾飬һһӰȥĿᶨû˿
ߣС󣬲
һĻ̲סЦһ׼͵۹֮ž޴Ĳ࣬ⲻǿѪ֮¾ͿֲģЩ׼ľٶڰ˿Ѱ·
䣡
ʯ䣬һһӴϢ籩㣬Ӱˡصڱɱ糱׼ɱʱͻȻ֮䣬ͻ𡪡
ͣ
һɫľֺƵƥ͵س˺˹
̺֮ǿ֮ܶѾﵽһߵĵزǰˡغǵ¶Ѿﵽ˼ߵľ磬۹ǿĵ۹󽫼𣬸ܵһָ֮еĴ͸ߵȼĻҲɵֹסȥ
쵰϶Ȼû
Ťͷһ¸ǽǰͷף½˴峤ͫ͵ҧгݣֹ
֮ǰսУͷܵײԵػڱײ֮󣬾þû֮Ҳû˿˱Ϊ϶Ѿˣû뵽һ
ײ쵰Ϊʲôһͷ­󻹸ô鷳
ʱ˿̣ҲԹ
ͷӾԲǿӵĴڣոշһָ֣ضԴСĽŪãܿͷҲǰǺ˵ԭ
ȻԹǰҲֻ˵˵ѡΪﵽ۹󽫼𣬴󲿷ǿһЩıֶΡ˼Ʋܣܶ˹ҲѪ֮ϼһﵽڻţ϶Ҳˡ
ǴɵϼһɱЩҲһ
йâãݺݵضһ˴峤˶ϡǵѸϣȥеĴ֮һӣΪһӰЮǿ˴峤˹ȥ󣬻سƬ̣վѡһ
սһ˹Ѿûκε·׵ɱˣǸ޴Ĵۣ˹ؾͲȡĳɹⳡսôˣç֧䣬ú塣
䣬һ죬ˡءǵһ֣˵˴峤սһ˴峤ʱ䲻ֻΪ˴֣Ѿûκ·
һɣͷӽսף
˴峤Ѫעͷ׵ͷҲմѪĿģֱֻͦĿͺһɽͰبԶá
ֻһգۣ˼ҵսһ
ߣҪˣ
Ȼص˱˴峤ߣʿԴƲӵ׷ɱԶûн
Ħ˫ְһ޴İɫս룬ϵسŴʿߵķ׷ȥ˫ĿѪ죬͸һ˿ɫⳡսУѾͷеɱ⣬һҵɱ¾
ɱһˣ;٣ɱʮˣ˹صʿ˭Ҳˣ˸
ͬʱӶס¡Ҳɱڣһ˻ţŴŴƾӳ˵ķ׷ȥ
ۣսУһһƵսʿ䵶ᴩ壬һ˵ڵϣսˣһߺ˹ءʳսһȫٺˣֻʼܲȣɽҰĴʳʼߡ
սϲ˵£дƵģҲ˹غʹʳ˵ġ


1138 ᧿Σ
׼
缤֮վһ¸߸ߵĸǽĺͷ˿ͣϵ飬ǰδеĽš
ưˣ˼أʱ˹ѾûжıˡҪ뱣ִƵĻ֣ʹЩ˹սϣɱ˼ʮʳ˹ͻĴӢۣ׳ʱ򣬾ֻпˡ
ʮɣʮɣʮɡԽԽдʳˡ˹˵ȫĴϣûжע⵽һ¶¸ǽ󣬲֪ʲôʱһƹЩԭֻά͸ǽĹʱվһ¶¸ǽѾס˷İ֡
ţ
֮һƹ˷ĻɲǼ䣬ʮƵĶ̼ǿкŶĴʳ˹ؾӣȥ
ϣɲǼ䣬Ĵʳ˹˴ֲܼļᴩ壬ֱͦͦĵȥϮͻû뵽ЩûκսĴƹȻʱƷ䣬Ѹ͵Ĺ
ˣɵǣ
һĻһʳ˹صĽŭڡ˵ûսԱսʿ㲻ϣǾȻһȺϮֱǾ޴衣ܿ죬һӶ򣬲׷ųǽһƹȥ
ɱǣһ
յܼ꣬ܿǧʳɱȥ
ţ
ٷţ
߸ߵĳǽ֮ް׷裬ѰļᶨеĹ󲿷ֻͨ˶ѣ֮սμӹģӴս֮٣Ѷһ˵ǡ
Щĳ棬һƷߣ·һ֮ȴûκεĻҡ
֮䣬𶯣һ˲䲻֪ٴα
ۣѪڶһ˲䲻֪ٴʳٴη׷׵ȥ
ٷţ
ٷţ
֮ɫأֱһһβϵĻ£Է䱩Ĺʳ˹΢˽Ųõ乥֧֣еĴƾҲ΢һһ˿ѵõ
ˣȫˣ
ҵѦǧӰȸ˼УӿսڣٹصΣ֣ããĴʳں󷽽ҧţеĴƾֻܼ˲ȥպɽ󳵲ӣӵһս֮ģֻһˣĴ󽫳͸֥⣬ȫˣսڣƵһȫΣա
ɱҪˣ
ۿеĴƾӾҪȫһ֮Զײµһնɫɱڣ͵һ鳤һȣŲսʿ׷ɱȥ
ⳡսսʧ̫̫֣Ŷʧأ֧ţնײҪӣսʧôսʿնޱȡ
Щ쵰һ߻ȥ
նɱڣһ·βɱȥǲŸոճûԶһĽͻȻ͵նĴбըɲǼ̳֪ٴʳﱻɷ飬ȴյʱˡ
Ŀһֱ۲սı仯նǲŸոһѾˣǰһ˹ȥ
Сӣ
һŭͻȻ˶ײȻȻɫ侲ƺûʲôܹݣںսʱ򣬾Ȼʱעննһײ˵ֱһ衣
ײһԸ߰ײ˷ƺҲһŭ
¡
նȻһһɫĽԻ͡貣һԭǳźڼȥģһȴͻȻı䷽򣬳ӭͷ¡
ȫųȼգһɫľ޴˫ڽ棬͵صײ⾪˵һ
ʦߴˣϴ峤˸Ͽ쳷ˣ˷˹򣡡
Ĵһը˹˵ĶСһдһˣڼսĸ֮һһ˴ʳ˹أͻʵˣǵ岻òʹǵľ˹еĴȫٺ󳷣Ա
ˣ
һ㣬˹սеĹ˹ͷϸһң澪֡
ˣ
ˣ
ⳡսվ˴ʳ˹أ˹ʧأܿҲؽٳ£ƽ
֥壬վˣֻϧǾл᷵򣡡
УѪܶ˹һ漴ЦǶһԵģڸôĴ֮󣬴ʳӮⳡսʤսʱ֮ڰ˹ʱˣĿǹ˹ռƵͷ
һѾ٣˹ֵԸֻҪѾֻһ˹ˡ
˶ͨͨɣ
˹ȫһеͭȭסħ֮ۡ͵رһҫ۵Ĺâһ϶ȭд·ЩѾʧʮħ񷢳Ѫŭ𡣺¡ֻһɲǵʱ䣬ͬһͷͷڰ㣬Ŷĸ֥ϯȥ
˼
֥Ҳ룬ָһţ˼ƿնͰ˹ֵĹײһȻһ𣬸֥͵һϢһҲò԰ޱȡ
սڣ֥ķǳ֮ޣҲ֧ˡ
壬ߣƲû㣬Ϻ󣡡
֥͸ĳ־ġ޵ļƲ̫öȫ˵֮У׵Ĵ˴ƵĲ𣬶ײΪ̫ǿʹ˸ܴߡ
û˸ۣϺȻ˶߲ˡ
ڵΣڼ˴峤аȫˣƻڲϼأǸûжϺأ塪
ڸ֥һ֮УûеҪһ󱲣ϣ֥ƵϣǻۺıԣļͺԼǷݶԴƵĳϣǡǡʱҲǴҪġ
ܹǸ֥ź
ｻңߴˣҸϽ뿪
ֻ֥һڣʲô󳷱˶Ϻ󣬵˾Ǹ֥
壬Ҫִ߰
֥ҵʱѾˣÿȥһ̣˵Ҫһ֣ʱ͸߲ˡ


1139 ս
ߣҪִˣ˶߲ˣ
˹ֵı˶ײƵԣ͸֥Ļսزˣܣֱǳ˵Σ쿪
˹Ī֮ŭ
˹͵شһ޴ͷħٴ󣬹ɽһ㣬ٴκХŸ֥ȥ䣬ཻ֥ʮಽɫʱԽĲ԰ס
˹ڲϵĹȥϺ󣬿Ҳˡ
һˣҪ뿪Զֹһˡ
ߣϺ󣡡
аۼͬɫµ
ǵ˵Ļ𣿿ߣǼֻ
а˺˴峤һѪĹʵ̫ˣƵĵڲϵȻɵﴦɢȥа˵ĵֻһô򵥣߲ûеֻа书ߵʱһֱԳǿĹѹסڣŹĲģһҲ޷ֹˡ
ԽԽײĽڲϼϵƣûһͬ˺࿹⣬ײʵԶСöࡣ
飬ʯ䣬ϸ˵һֻС㣬ͻȻһץסа˵ֱۣ¡¡һ̹˳ȥа˵֫ٺС
컯ֹնԷĹͬ԰ԼĹתˡ
ʦҪ˵ˣҶģ
ϵ
ʯ䣬ͷӹԺܿԺе֮ʯ
֮ʯȡսҪٵ㣿
Ժд
ƾսǾ޷ԿײģҪԿײҳɹĶϺ󣬻Ҫײ˹ֺͻء˵ĹҴֻлøһսײпõ
ļ𲻹ȡսף
ͻȻ֮ʯģκθڶһѸٳȥû뵽ʱ򣬾Ȼʸһսס
ûսףͻ˵۹󽫵ļҲô˵Χ£پѡɲǼüʱӹһ˿

⻷Լ¼Ըǰȡս׵ȨǷȷǰһ
ԤϣһƬصʱ֮ʯͻȻʱһϲ
ȷǰһ
ԥ
ȷǰ⿪ս׷ӡ
սѽ⿪
㣬һǧ㣡

֮ʯһĽɫַǰҼٱ仯󶨸һǧ֡ѾԶԶһκһģȻ⻹ֻǽ⿪ӡѣζս
ôӴģбضἫʹһǣѾϾ˼ˡֻҪܹսףһжҪ
֮ʯҶһսף
Ժ֮ʯе
һսҪ㣬δս׵ԣ޷ս׵ȫܣȷɶһ𣿡
֮ʯ˿ٴԺ
ȷ
ٵ
֪ԺеʱٺȫͬȻ֮ʯһһ˵ô仰һָʱܶûУԺĵʱٶ̣Ҳʱġ֮һΣо֮ʯĶһ֮֮ӡ
ȷһսף
ʮ㣡սУ

ʯ䣬֮ʯ·ٲһ㣬к£֮ʯսϣϵսѸٷ仯һɹɰĽ⣬ͻȻս׵ڲطļתһɲоһӴĹͻȻֻʱŷս֮С
ֻգۼ䣬ϵսѸٷ˱仯ɺɫɻֺޱȵĽɫɫս׵̬Ҳ˾޴ı仯
˫λãɫצͻȻ֮̽˳һѿסļ򣬶׵ı棬񹤣ѸٳһصģЩĺ֪κĶȻͬء£̺һЩı鲼սףеޱȣֹˣĿλãһŽ·ӵԼһ㣬ڶȻ͹˲Ϣ֮䣬ΪһͷϵģԶʷҪϵľͷ­ģԶԶȥ͸һ˲
ϣͷֵͬʱϥǣԼĹؽλãȻⵯһ̣նޱȣֻ˲Ϣ䣬ͷ췭ظı仯
ͻȻı仯Χײ˹Լء˵˶ˡ
ô£
˹üͷһ壬ʶ㣬Ҳûм׾Ȼڼս̬֮ϢԼ˽Ȼͬı仯ԭ׸ӵǿ˼ɵѡ
Ҫǣû֪ʲôײ̲סһüͷ
ʦ峤ߴˣߣҿԱԼ
е
ʦа˺˴峤ˣϢԽԽ΢ҲԽԽңȥ嵣ĻʲôԼ޷ܵ顣
⡭
аˡ˴峤ڼ͸֥ڣ˶ɫ΢䣬Ŀԥ˶ϵı仯Ȼ£ڿ֮⣬˭ûͬʱײ˹֡˺ǵµ˵
߰
役
û˿ԥ͵һȭһȭ̺˴ֲĻǰ˹һȭҲòѡݱܷâȥ
ķ֣ߣڲԥʱǺӣ
һϵޱȣе
ʱΨһܹȷжϵģҲֻ˴峤ˣңа˻Ǹ֥̫ĸУûע⵽ϢѾ˺ܴı仯Ǽɫս׾Ը޴ı
⡭ߣ
Ǹ֥ȻǺڼаˡ
˵״̬Ҳ֧Ų˶ˣ¾Ҫ
ಣ
˺ܿ쳯ȥսͬһʱԺ֮ʯϵ
ϲսף
սףսףװ󣬽ǿЧıըԡԡԼƻԣȰٷ֮ʮǿ͸Ч͸ֵĻʡ⣬װսףЧٷ֮ʮָٶȡ


1140 ս׵
ǿװսףԴܵ˺е˺Чٷ֮ʮ
ǿδͨս׵񣬸ڷӡ״̬
ע⣡缶ʹսףÿʹӣ۳ʮ㣬һֱ۹Ϊֹ㲻㣬ս׽Զ洢ս׿ռС
սܣսͷս£ʱٻսףѸװ
һϢٲˢ£ѾϾȥ˼ˡʹսҪʹö㣬嶼Ѿ˲Ҳںˡ
ײһ
˫Ŀ죬޼᲻ݵȸֽ͵سײ˹ȥʵײ࣬ⳡսУѡײս
䣡
һһصĽݺݵ£Ľصײһֻһ춯صľ죬һһޱߵĻԾ̫ҪңײΪģѸ˷ը
Ѱ·
ײĿսֻм򵥵ĸ֣ľڲϵذⳡսУ΢ڼƬ̣ײоԼпܴƿһľ磬ʱ򣬼а˻۷״̬˼ҲĶ֡
ֻһгײû֪壬ҲֻǸоײǿס
˹֣ҪСӣײȥԸסЩͳ˧ξԲӻ򣡡
һ𣬰ضŸ֥аˡ˴峤˵ıӰĿɱ
ⳡսڼ䲻ףΪӪ־棬ʳ˲֪˶ˣ˶Ĵۣç֧ǿĵ۹󽫾Ȼˣ˹˴ʹѪ֮аˡ˴峤͸֥ȫˣǴʳǰ
Ҫƾһ֮סˣܣҪԼҲܴԸ
ಣ
ʯ䣬Ҳβ׷ȥֻ˵˷Ӧ죬ķӦ죬¡¡һ룬ͻȻһ·ɳ٣سľ춯صľ죬һž޴ġաͻȻƾͬһʱ䣬һӴεסˡءǵµˣ˹ֶܵ
֮ǰ͸֥֮ս˹̫ʵ۷ʱ̣Եֿڣ˹ֶ޷ֲֿĴ컯
¡¡ʳ˹صĶ۹󽫣ͬ׼ʿڣȫô컯˹
ˣҾͳȫ㣡
ҧгݣܿתڵȸɵ壬ǿûа취ɱ֥а˺˴峤еκһ
ӣ
һ޴ķֻ֣ϵͷ­Ӳͬͫڣͷ­Ť͸һŨҵϢڰ󣬷ϻıһӰ֣Ӱ֮һڰĺ֮Уʬ壬Űײֱ˫ֽǰ֮֮سظ沨
ںʬϷһ˾޴ĺɫƽƺڳʲôƽ·һ˫ֲµӡңԶڤ䣬Ҳǰϣصǿѧɱﵡ
ֻʩչһҪļľͻ֮֮һ£¶ûа취μӹڼҵĶս԰˼ʹãڰѾ˲ôˡ
գ
ͬʱȣذεضٴԻսӣһƤѵ͵س˹ȥⳡսڣҲһɼĻ
۹󽫣ټһλʳһսײȻκβһʮĴ壬ֱǻ֮ʲôʱǸֻƾǻۺ꣬ѾǿҪôȥԸˡ
ɱ㣬ɱˣ
ɱڣսӵӶڻɱŭʹ£Ť
¡ҵĵ֮˰ֿһΪصĵѾ䵽ͷ
֮
һɫĹӰǵĿտտͬʱԼġ֮ˣз׹ƴ˷۶ͬǴֻ֮һΣ˵ĸоӴﲻֹ
ⳡսĹؼʱǵҲԥĿԼڵǿһ
˵˵·ͬʱǿǰ˹ֺײͬ֡
˹Ī֮ŭ
˹ɫһŭ޴ͷħһΣβͣڰ˹ֵĺ󷽣ֱ̤˹֣ɽȭصĳȥͬһʱ䣬ײҲͬ֡
¡
ڶڡ΢ⲻϼ֮ײȻһһΣǻֺƵ貵Ľɫأ֮ټնͨ콣ĽλãһȻȼճ˽ɫĻ棬ǻ·ռ䶼ܲסɻڻŤ
λ۹󽫣λΧ룬ͬһһελأɽĹκεĵ۹󽫶˵Ŀ־塣
ΪѾκεһһ۹󽫿ԶԸġȻɱһĿ˵ս⣬Ȼû˿
һսӣҲˣ

һ쳹أгս־һֵ̣ľ޴ɫֱӱ׼ˣʩչ컯ѧǿġ¡һѷ˺أĩһ㣬ͻ̶ϯ硣
¡
˵ĿУ㾡ȫǿѧײ˹֡ˡأԼǵµǿѧҵײһһɲǣƱ仯رɫ綼һ˲ȻһΪһƬڰ
ȻֻǶ̶̵ʱ䣬˶ͻȻһ·ľ죬漴ڰ飬һųҵģ̫Ҫҫһ򱶵Ĺâڿն𣬹ᴩءеһжüžֻʣǿµıըԼ
ڱը֮һɻԵ籩޸ԶȻŵ棬Ź̳˷
һɲǵľκҸоľη

Զоɾ˵ĲаԼڳеĴƾӣȫתһűըĺģɫ԰ףû˿Ѫɫ


1141 ط
۹󽫣ټײ㾡ȫһǱç֧ǰаˣҲƾһ֮
壡
֥űըķ촽ͣһɲǣͻȻյģһ޷˵ıʹ
ү
ԶĵطҵѦǧӰպɽһϵˣһҡһŷ籩ڴӱըĵط𣬶¡¡ڲͣݡ˳ֻ֣ԵԶûɢڲͣطܵһУػڲ̮
ȻеıʹԶûгôãһ̣䣬һɫӰ̳ͻԷ籩ƿնͬһ㣬գڰһתѸٵһߡ
ˣߣ
Ĵ쳹ս
ˣ
ү

ԭϢѹ֣һƬŵĴƾӣȻһ춯صĻ
̫ˣ
һƬ˷ܡϲãаˡ˴峤͸֥ҲڳʼĴ֮¶һ˿˷ܺϲõЦݡ
󳵲ȳ
ָ֮ӷ䣬˵о
ս׼룡

֥Ӷһ
Сӣ֪㲻ôģ
֥üһɨաһƬңϢɢң¶Ĳֱ֣ۡ򣬰ӺͲڣбըĺۼⳡսУɹҪġܹıըдǸ֥붼ģ٣ȫʢʱڵҲһ㡣
¡¡͸֥дƾӣڣȫź󷽳ˡ
ܵ𣡡
֮УһĻײͻȻһƬŭѾһ赲ĹˣÿһΣʹ嶼Զһ
ӿʼӣӣӣһֱڵӣײ˵һκķ˾޴ľ󣬻žȫߣһսʤ̰ܡ
ڸ߰ײ˵һֳ衣
䣡
һž޴Ľɫ˴ײĽ£͵رըֻ˲Ϣ䣬ײʧԭأ۵糸һ㣬ϳһİɫˣ͵һߵķȥ
һսΣ嶼
׷
ͬʱ˹ִһӣײԶȥ󣬻ءǵ¡˵׺ݣͬȫ׷˹ȥ
쵰ⶼɱӲҵҪܻã
еڴѶô˼ʳӮʤϾɱǴʳ˵һǿûзܵ˵Ϊ
ȫ׷
ִϣߣ͵նɱ
˹쳹һ֥ƾӣͰʮľ˹粽ơڵЩƲоȵİǿ˻Ժض鷳
¡¡
һڶ
ײ˹֡ء˵ʳ˹صĶ۹󽫣㾡ȫ͵һߵķȫ׷Ϊٶȹ죬ϳʮɳİɫˡ
ˣˣ
һ̵ֻԶ
˵ĽǶȿȥֻԶĴƹѾսӶݣ˹УЩҲʼţأһæңֻһƥսڹ̳ԶӶݡȥֵܿЩƵľˣڴʳ˹˵ʲô¡
ɵǣ
룬;֮У˹ȳ֣ĺɫУȳǰĵһߺȥ
󣬴ͬһ㣬һɹɾϵرˡءǵͬ֡
ȻвģԶײλʳս
꣬ض·˺ˡһ̣һֲĽɫǧ֮Կٵ֮ƣһԽһߣǰԼеĴƾӣݺݺ
¡
һɲǣһ˿ҵɫʯ䣬ϸ룬͵תһľ콣ɽХ㣬ͬ籡ֵײһͬʱһУаˡ֥ڼ׷׳֡
߲ˣ
¡¡һɹɾûڵϣڰбըײ˵һоѾˡһĿĸͲնɱ壬Ҫ׵ضϾϣҪǣһʱײѾɹ׷ǰѾ߲
󣬰˹֡ˡءǵͬ׷
ǵٶȻûײô죬Ҳֻɵľ롣˳ηֲײǰ塢аˡڼ˴峤֥ȫΧУ빥Χ˵ʵײһȻʯ쾪
һ˵ĻܹϴҴ˾δˡаˡ˴峤Ǹ֥ڶ֮ʵķǳ֮Щ˿ɲһܹҴ
ײ˹֡˵׷УһҪɱеĴƾӣ֮䣬ûע⵽ԭһֱ̻̲Զ˵аˡ˴峤֥ˣ֪ʲôʱͣ˽Ųǵˣ˻źۼ壬ײ˵˵ķ̤һ
ϸȥͻᷢվλþô򵥣ĳֹɣͬʱ˴ڵڻӦ
¡
ʯ䣬էײ˫ϢĵһӴĽͨأ¡¡ɽ֮ƣٴնһ֮ǰȻͬơȳ̶ȣԶ֮ǰļֲǣײһл̺һɿĻԶԶ˵۹󽫼ִϢ·Ҫմһ㡣
΢
ɫһ䣬Ժжһͷָߵȼ岢İǵʦ롮֮ԴУ̧ͷԸʱյҲûϵײ֮ǰûϢһսУȻͻƣﵽ˸ߵľͼ
Ȼһ̺ĸߵȼ̫࣬ײҲûô쵽΢ǽֱֳƣҲ˸еˡ

룬ʯ䣬͵طһȣ̼ޱȡʤǰܣܲӮһսʤһоͿһսˡ
¡
Хһɲǣʱ·Żֻһľ죬һֻǿƣֱϸżӲף͵ץסһĳֲ֪Ƶľ޴ս죬صزڵһǰʯ֮С
һ֮ض֮ͬˮ𶯡ͬһʱ䣬һεԳԽٶȷַԲɵľ룬塢аˡ˴峤֥ڼԼѪսΪһ塣


1142 ʮɲ
¡غ˵ĸ֪УԶߴΰ˹֮ǣͻȻҵһ£漴һӴϢ˵ĸ֪СǹӴ˵ĸ֪УͺһƬޱ޼ʵһ㣬κε߶Ϊ֮ȻʧɫײǿڣӴǰҲʱ΢Сãһ
ǣ
ܵͻȻ˹صŷϫ˹֡ˡǵºͻɫײһɲǣеľ콣Ҳɲǵͣ͡
ǡʮɲر󣡡
Զ޿Զ˫͵ش
˹ĳ£Ķֻһ֧˹֮ǧ겻ʮɲر󡣲һȶƽʱоֿ񱩵״̬Ӧó֡
Щ쵰ǵ׸ʲô
һɲǼ䣬޵ּǿҵĲУȻƺӦڶ̶ʱڣ𶯷Ⱦʹﵽ˾˵ļ
˵ĸ֪УǹӴġԴ˹µʮɲرѸĳضͨһ־˵ٶȣؿռ䣬Ӵӿȣݵ˵һǰа˵˵Ľ£ڼеľѪս컥Ӧ
ֻһɲǣ塢аˡ˴峤ڼ͸֥ˣϵϢǣ˵ϢΪһ壬ΪһӴ󷨡
󷨵ĺģֳ־Ѫսĺڼվײ塣
ãɵ
һ춯صĴ͵ػգ˹ֶ˵͵ؼӿٶȹ壬ͬʱˡءǵͬɫسΧȥ
û֪ЩʲôҲ֪ʮɲر϶ʲôֽţǺʣһжԤıġЩƵĲбܽҪĳһУ֮ǰܣ˹ȫΪԻǶѣΪľǰ
˹֣ײڷ𣿿ϧѾˣ
ʯ䣬ͻȻ˶δ䣬ϢǣžѪսãͬʱаˡ˴峤֥ڼ˹صʮɲرȫЩޱȣʵʣ·ˮһ㣬ͨȫë׺֫ٺӿڡ
һδӴӴһ֮Уûκܹ֮ȡƶ£ľΪҲﵽһ˼ĵز
컯ںţתţֻӰһ־Ѿﵽһ˵ĵزӰӳ£ϵϢͻͽֻһգֹۣԽ˰˹֣ײλʳսǰҲ˲΢
ˣ
ֻһɲǣײ˲ͫһ¶˼ȼɵɫ
û֪ôġ
˹صǧûжʮɲر󣬾ȻսС
ײǿ󣬵Ҳûǿ󵽿һ֮Կʮɲرĵز

ײɫһеľ޽ϵһͬǵŷĽһ𣬺϶Ϊһ͵һնͷٶȾȻȰ˹֡˵˻Ҫöࡣ
ɱǣ
ʯ䣬Ĵͬ쳹սĴʳӵϣͨЩӴĴʳ塢аˡ˴峤͸֥ˣַʽǹ
ˣһлˡ
Ŀŷ֣塢а˵˵ΧԼͬľӣ֪ʲôʱѺΪһ壬˵һǰӴ󷨡
Щľţ֮ǰŵֿʳΪ˶Ϻ壬һ¶¸ߺӿ塢а˵ԼѪս죬źۼʮɲر๵ͨ󷨡
һжϢ֪ɣüƻ壬˾ͽƺˣҳɹĽײȦС
ײɣ֮
߿쳹ǧʱա¡û˿ԥ幵ͨѪս˲佫ʮɲرǧ˫֮Укĺˮͷų
¡
ΡȻߴڴ˹֮ǣȻ֮Ҳͺһ˫޴ƣ˹֮ǾҡһֵɲǣӴ˹֮˲Ȼ
ͬʱɽֻһ·ľ죬̳֮УһӴģԽĿֲʯײһ㣬ݺݵػ˴ʳսײײΪ֮ɫĿֲֻɲǵʱ䣬㱻ʷӴɷ顣
ӿģصĵϵڻײĽ֮󣬺ݺݵػλʳսײİ˹֡ˡԼǵڣȫУͬЩĴʳҲһ𱻹û

¡¡ıըУһĲҽԵΪ̶ʯ䣬֪жٲ֫ϱ۱աߴ˶Ĵʳս涼ײһݣɻԵĵϵǰʳսͬϵĸսףֽһ˺ɷ顣
䣡
˵ĿУԾѪսΪģҵıըһһΧĴʳ顣Ϊ˷ֹܣ⴦սǰߣپۼǧǿĴʳǵʮɲرһɾͷųЩȫ˲Ĩƽһըʬ޴档
ıը쳹Ũ̳ܵǾǧ֮ߡ̳֮Уըʯ˷ȥײڵϣ֮ǽϣ죬·ǲʯһ
ϣ
һǣս˻þѵսսһƬҡ
һж̫ͻȻˣ˭Ҳû뵽Ѿ;ĩ·ֻܡֻӴܡЩˣȻͷдһСǧĴʳ˲ײ˹֡ˡص֪
⡭ⲻܣ
Զ۾Ŀйâһ㡣
ܣܣ
Զ̳ȴ׹ѣһƬϸȥֻᷢеھҲָ˳ᢵףѱò԰ޱȡ
ôû뵽Ѿˣȴʱ򷴸һɱһǹ
һȣΪԼѾӮˣκֶη̣ڣһȴŴϣķˡ
һƬžţеĴʳ佫۾ĿǴ̳ΪŨܵĵطǿ֡壬˶ڵȴĽ


1143 ײ֮һ
Զ塢аˡ֥ͺڼͬŵĶ󣬸ߴ˹֮ѾʧֻһƬĲبϱڣ̳ΧǰĳӦʧȥʮɲر֧ţʷƾõľ򳹵׵ʧˡ
ʳľ޾Ŷ޷ݻٵ˹֮ǣ̾ôΪ˷档
ֻ˭Ҳ֪˹֮ǣƻʮɲرûɱʳսײ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һҵĿ̳˲ɫ
ˡĲˡ
һģŭ˼ͬʱ˶
ϰϰӿսǽصľ޴̳ͻȻ֮ɢ˲١̳ʮɵĵطֻһϤӰϡٴԾ˵֮С
Ȼ˵ӣǴԺֻ뵽һˣ
ʳսײ
ܣ
һĻ塢аˡ˴峤֥˶۾𾪡رǰ󶼻֥ʮָ͵һս죬¶𺳵ɫ
ƻȻģǸ֥Ϊලߺ֤ߣȴȫ̲СΪļƻ֤Ĺϵ֥ƻԼ漰ϸڣȫָơ
ʮɲر󡱵ʵ̫ӴˣѾԽκߵļ𣬾嶼þѪսԼͨɵйȥǼ򵥵ĻΪá
ûκһ˿ԳӴֲÿͣһ̣ͶһֱըΣա
ڸ֥ľ֪Уֿܵǿ߸ڣѾķ롣Ȼ֥ôû뵽ײֿסˣһ
䣡
֥ԺиոͷɲǼ䣬ͻһɿ񱩵籩һ㣬ӹ̳УǵΰϵӰϯա䣬ֻһɲǣе̳ĵʧ̳֮һµӰⱬ䣬͵ϯ塢а˺ͺڼ˳
ɫӰ˻мԶһ̣ȵ˷ӦʱѾǰ
ã
ʧɫϸ룬͵һȭƺƵΪһɽȭǰײȥҲʱǰĴʳսײͷɢͷѪ˵Ϣңϵǿȴﵽһֲ֮֮ǰҪ¡
ĸ֪УʱײȻǱڲϢȴǿ󡢾ޱȣͺһȼһǹѾԶԶͨ
΢
֪Ϣ¶˲ŵɫǹհ㴿Ϣİû뵽ײ츳ʵȻ˿£ȻּҵսУͻƣﵽ΢
ͻ֮ǰײڡʮɲر󡱵Ĺǰɣͻ֮ײȻǱʮɲرˣȴɹĴⳡΣⳡΣ֮У˰˹֡˺ͻصˡ
ͬˣȴٳɹĻ
ˣ
ƺƣʱ˿̵ײ裬˫ĿѪޱȡһսΪɹĽײ뵽ԼİΧȦ֮УҽˣȴҲɹļײļȵŭ
û˿ϷŪײڴʳײս޲ʤ޲ˣĤݵս񡣵˹ʼѪа˷ͥƽɫٵʮɲرˡеһжײȥʮɵĲ֧ܽ顣
һ߰ԸײϸǱһ̤̤һֱ̤Ţ֮Уȫķŭ
䣡
ײ͵һȭһβǳҵĽһհľǴĿĹâ̫֮Ҫң·ܹپһ㡣
Сģ
ʯ䣬һȣаˡ˴峤֥кڼ˵׷׳ײȥһصĺǵأɽ˷ӿײͬһɾ춯صĹâһײȥ
棡֧񣬻ɱʳսײ
ɫ棬ǵңս߳ǿˣ츳ױȣʳľ꣡
ڿʼʮڣɱʳսײ40000㣬ʱԽ٣Խ࣬ʮӣ

ʱ򣬷ԺһϢٲˢ£û뵽֮ʯȻʱ򷢲ɱײ񣬶һ40000㣬ϲⶥ
ʷֻܵʱ˿̣ѾϾȥ˼ˡĳ裬ͷƤը·еӿһһӴΣз·ˮһӿȣû
ʱ˿̵ĴʳսײȻáʮɲر󡱻ˣҲɹͻƵ΢ΣնȲ
¡¡
˵ʱʱ죬Ժ֮ʯոʧ塢аˡ˴峤ڼи֥˵ĹͺײŸߵȼռصײһ𡣰شؿһ뱻ɳȥ飬ص
ײĹһʿըɷ顣ĲҽУ֪˱ɷ飬ϵ׶ڳˮ
ˣˣ
һߺҵӰѦǧȸպɽ˴ʧɫ˷׷ײ̵ֻȥһƬҡ
ս˻˶һĻŵˡ˹֮ǱˣʮɲرҲ̮֮ǳֲĹײʵȻֻһȭͽ塢аˡ˴峤֥˻ˡ
Ҫͨͨɱ⣡
ײĿɭֲɱնŤϣһ죬ϣһǱľ޽ûײ֮С
ײ񽣣ɱ֣Ծ塣
ӣ
ֿܣ
˶סˣſеײÿ˶ɫ԰ףֿȭײѾ˿ˣս֣ʩչóĽҰѪƯ֣˶
ϣ
ս˻ţԾţֵȥס
طɳʯۿײеľ޽˸ǻԵһһ̣ۣû˿ףײؿһһѪ¶ײϢҲ١
ˣ쵰ˣ
ûбֵôǿʮɲرɹĽˣ
һĻ˾塢˴峤а˵ˣʱĿһƬѩ
ײʵ̫ǿˣǿ˶Ϊ˲ᵹ£رһη԰˹ΪۣķʮɲرȫȻûɱײײеǿ˼㡣


1144 ײ֮
ײ˶Ըص˼㣬ǾѪġȻײһֱԼĹǿѹơԶûԼֵôǿͲսʤ
ϣ
кһһݣԥķԾ¶һսףĳϵĹײͻƵ΢ڵԶԶˣ˺ҲԶûô¡
˰аˡ֥˴峤ڣ۷ܺᲢۣսֻһԺײͥˡ

ʯ䣬ԥʩչ컯еǿУ˲Ϣ䣬ؾһɴĻ֮һϯײȥ
Сģ
ͬʱаһ˿ȵǵɫ룬飬аһݣ͵ر
ձ󣬰֮ײͻ֮ǰѾرֲˣͻƵ΢Ժȫҵģյĸߵȼռƾһ˳ȥǳΣա
ǰҲһϣ
֥Ĵͬʱ˶
飬ıըУ֥˴峤ڼȫԾײȥ
֥˴峤а˻кڼһڼƺϵ׼⣬ֵܹ൱Ĺ֮⣬˵䲻
ֻͷѾϾ˼ˡ
֪Ϊսʤ𣿼ȻҾͳȫǣ
ײɫʱ߼ӿڽĽ⣬ޱȣӿײеľ޽֮С
䣡
ײһҵĽ⽫ضһҫ۵Ľɫ¡ֻһһɷ籩ϯ塢аˡ˴峤кڼһˡ
Ҫʱ䣬ŸոͻƵ΢û΢еûͣԭеļ΢˶·һ
а˺붶鼱ޱȡսѾԶԶˮ׼
飡
а˽һ̤׽һƻҳѸٳŰеײȥ
û˱΢жô£һײ׵ˣڵ״ҲĶ֡
ʦСģ
룬һǰײȥ˴峤͵һȵڼ֥Ҳ׷׾죬𳤽Լʵײȥ
СģҪײһǡ
¡һ𣬰һֻڵһģѸڿն塢а˵ķȥ
зʱƤʶײָ⣬һѪˮ˳ָⲻϵ
ײڿڡ赲ʹ޷ǰײеһж
Ȼײ֮żЩСìܣͬΪ֮ܶҲЩʱ˿̣ʣײѾΪʳľڣûڴʳľӻڴƣʱ·һ
ײĵλ޿ȡģǰˡ˹֡ǵ»˹صĴ󽫻ض޷֮⡣
ϣ
ڰһźɫȻը޴ĺУ˹ֽһ̤ͬݶ
ΪʳǿѪܶ˹ֵ׹ǲǰ˹֡ײǰˣںʹƵⳡսУЩʳǿߵͽѱ䣬ڡ
ڵİ˹ֻϣڸôܹ֮׵Ļܴơ
˹Ī֮ŭ
ʯ֮䣬޴ͷħ񣬸ڰ˹ֵ󣬷ϳǿĻϢŰ˹ֵȭӳݺݵسȥ
ͬһа˹Ī֮ŭǺ֮ǰȴȫͬնֻǳֵƣǿȡٶȣǾ޴ͷħ񣬰˹ĪµӰĵ˼㡣ȫ֮ǰô𺳡
ʮɲرݵײͰ˹ֵɵ˺Զȿǿöࡣ
ײȻƾԼʱͻ΢ǿлס˹ֺͰ˵ˣҴⳡ챬ըУҴײԼˣ˹ֺͰ˵˵Ϳ֪
ڰ˹ڵԼȫȫܵصѡѾȫ֮ǰǿ
飡
Ƭؽͬʱɫķȣٴֳ˴շӡ
ǵҲͬʱ֮ǻػǵ£˵Ĺޱȣ֮ǰĻֺƵȫͬն
ߣǿ֮ĩҹ
·۹˷ȻںײսҲͬʱעŰˡ˹ֺͻص˵Ķ
ǰ۹֣ǳڣĸûһˣ˳̶ȱ˴峤а˻Ҫأʱ򻹴չֱѰ·
컯
͵һƻΪȭͱĽɫΪһ壬ײսȴңң׼˰˹ֺͰ˵ˡ
컯ֲ
ã
˹ֵ˲Ÿոճ֣в˹ֱİ˹Ī֮ŭ˵ķ֮صĴսͬǵ´֮ȫ˹ȥ
ͬڵҲȫƲס˲Ϣ֮Ĺĵ͸ȫëףΪһɹɵѪӿȥ
쵰ʹа
־ŭԭȥΣȻ֮Ȼֹͬʱ㳯ʱķ˶ȥ
ÿȥø졣
ͬʱ˹֡ˡغǵͬʱֻʵȥǵµĴ֮ˣҪȣĴ֮ԭǳȥģһ˲ûȴ֮ͷæȥ
ܹ֮۹󽫵ļȫǿеġ֮ȫһϵĹö档ö֮ǵ¿ʹ䵽׼ǧﶼȲϡ
֪
һƱ۹󽫵ʱײ䣬˿ͻȻ˶
䣬ʯ䣬ʩչ컯ɰ˹ֵ˵Ѫ͹ʱ
ײ͵һƺһֻƸŽɫף͵Ͱ˹ֵм䣬ǿĴ컯
˵ʱʱ죬¡ֻһ죬ʯ䣬һɱ̫ҪʮĽɫâ쫷㣬ײı
¡
غ𶯡
ײ΢Ŀֲ嵱ʲòܣʯ͵һ̽˹ȥԥץײ
ԭŰ˹ֵ˱Ĵ컯ıĿ꣬ѸٳײϮȥ
飬һ̣𾪵鷢ˡ
ĳײڽ̫ҪʮĹâȻ˿ͺһӲʯһȫ޷


1145 ײ֮
Сģ㻹ûдﵽ΢޷΢
һ󺰴Ӷߴа˿ķ񽹼ޱȡ
а˵ѾܼʱˣֻǶڴʱײ˵ˡ
¡ֻɲǵʱ䣬һɽɫĻ籩塢аԼ󷽳˴峤ͺڼٴκݺ
飬Ӵ£аײںʮĸǽϣĺУ̳ײľǰаͬһĸǽײڵء
ͬһʱ䣬̳˴峤ƺһڵҳһ޴ĿӶ
ʯ㣬˷
ںڼ͸֥׷ڵϣھ޴£˳ؿһ۵ľһѪ˳
ײǿѾĵز˱ˣڸϼˡ
¡¡һɳȥģǺڼ֥塣޴ĺ¡Уһεʯһصڵϣһ·̳ƺƣ˾һڵһ׶ľ޴󹵺ۣէһȥͺһ޴Ľ֫ĸһ
ۣ
̳ɢڵϣ͵̧̧ͷ
ؿڲȻѹƣѹƲסͷһһѪȪȻеĹâҲ˲˲٣һ׸ֽͬһ㣬԰ޱȣ޴ʹͬҧһ㣬
սסٷ֮ʮ˺ѾˣǼˣʣµİٷ֮ʮɶ˾޴˺һζԿ΢Ѿʥ侳ļʮɲرмȡ˴Ҳ޷Կ
̫ǿˣȫ赲סȻڵ̫ǿ󣬵ȴʮֱҪݻһһ
嵥ϥڵϣ૵ļ¡
һɲǣͻȻЩ֮ʯΪʲôᷢ˸߶ġ֧ˡ
ڵײѾشȻּµľǿ߼ĳ̶ֳϣ֮ǰӿֲ
գ
ͷʯ䣬ԺһӶҲʱĶͻȻһ΢ˮǳ΢СƬҵսϣ΢šǶڸոս۹󽫼𣬲һ·ͻƲƿﵽ۹󽫼˵ȴǺӾ
˵ؼĻˮˮķ򡪡
ײվˣҵҪ㻹ֶܼã
̧ͷײڵķһ۾Ϳײ˳ڱֻƣһѪҺײǿߣرǻͻ˿ֲģʦа˶ûͻƵġ΢ҪĵѪҺʵ̫ײˡ
ڣոձֳ޵аʵȻѪҺ˳ָʳӰеڵ棬ֻ˵һ㣬ײڵԶȿȥصö࣬ѾѪҺκۼѾ
ֹˣײȻֵüǿȫ˳߲ӣڽ˻֮󣬾Ȼһ̬û׷ɱ
ɲǼ䣬ʱʲô
һƣʱ䣬Լƣ
ʯ䣬ԺһͻȻ֮ˡײʵжǿ˶Ŀõģʱ䣬ƣ˶·һ
ʱԽ٣Խ࣬ʮӣ
ڤڤУ֮ʯ֮ǰԺͻȻ֮Ϊʲô֮ʯĲǡʧܣĨɱǡΪҪ֮ʯĨɱֻҪײѹסڵƣġ΢Ϊ˶·һ
˹֮ǵĴƾӣҪȫûڴˣ
ײ
һݣһʱһڵεضԾ˵ٶȣܲˣϵײȥ
Уһֱ̩ɽǰɫײҲ˲ɫⷬô˵ģϤĴʳԡ
µûײһֱƣڸ˵ʵȡʱơֻʮɲرʵ̫ǿˣײأǱƳ
Ѱ·أɱҲ練ƣ
ײɫ䣬һŨҵɱϱײüŭɱŨҵϢﻹһ֮ǰ̩Ȼ侲ɽӡ
ΪʳպĶսײɱ̫νǿˡ壬һͽټһʮɲر󣬾ײ޴棬ƽδйİܼ
ײ˵һȺͽˣս졣֮ǰʱײڼԼϵƣֻѾʳƣײҲòκˡ
ϣ
ֻһĽײеľ޽͵һУ׼ķݺһȥ
¡ط·˺룬ײǱ־ԵĽɫֺƵֱٴγݺն¡
ſѹƵײ֮ǰӿ£Ҳ׺ݡ
ˣһʼ·Զߣһգۣͽǰͷ֮ң
¡Ȼһ䣬ϣ̳Ƶײǰǧ֮ڣһ޴ѷ죬ѿʯ֮һԶһ¸߸ߵĸǽնΡ׺ݵĽʧԶڴһ񹤰ľ޴󽣺ۣ
쵰
ײһĻ۽Ҳ̲סݺݵһ¡һȻû֮ǰӲһɲǣԺ֮Ȼײ⾪һ
ײҵҪֶܼãպɽȸͳͳ
쳹ʣڵӿһȫµţϷֻ֮գ֮䣬һȫµĽɫٶȹ⻷ĵ׹䵽˽¡ͬʱ⻷ͬӳֵ¡
Դͻƿﵽ˵۹󽫼𣬲һ·۹۷塣˵ܶǰѧ书ǰǰ㣬ѣֻҪƬ̵ʱ䣬Ϳ͡⻷ļӳ£ٶһء
ײɣǿ˭ʤߣ
Ҳȥˡ֮ʯײֻҪʮӣͿѹסƣ˵ƣʱ˶·һ
ΣֻܹԹأκδϢ֮
һս޿ɱܣֻ֮䣬
䣬һ̤˲Ϣ仯Ϊһ̣ʧԭءײǰâһһնȸֽ綾һ㣬͵شֱ̽ײʺҪ
ײĿһеľ޽廹Ҫ죬ûȸֻֽһͽնΡȻһ֡ײû˿ϲãıɫ
ͬʱͣһ΢Ľƿϸţб󷽴ֱײĺġ


1146 ײ֮ģ
Ӱ
ײ˲䷴ӦɫѿޱȡڵΪͨĻӰǵС벻ķۣԻĻӰȻѾﵽԼ棬ĸ֪ƭȥĵزȻʲôͨĻӰ
¡
ʯ䣬룬һŨҵĽ⣬̺ŻԵĿֲȻײıΪһ޴ļƬ赲
¡ȸֽ࣬׵նΣײ΢ɵļϣȻ޷
䣬ıըУ岻û˵ײըڰʮ
Сģ΢ԽԽٸʱ䣬ܿ޷⡣Ϊʦ˵֮Դո΢֮ܽ磬Ҫ취ضԴ
ʯ䣬а˵Զޱȡ
ȻΪڵƣѾ޷ײ֮սаһֱԶضˣ۲еϸڡ˵۽硢ʶԼḻս飬ʹܿ˶ԸײĹؼڡ
ˣ
ʯ䣬һӹԺа˵ĻԺ˲伤ǧʦ˵ûײž޴٣ڻ޷֮Դ硣
֮Դ粢˶ӵеģʦеı졣ƾ棬صĹǧʦԼ֮ԴŴڸ˴峤壬ܹ֮Դ硣
ײͬûϰǧȻ֮ܽԴ磬Ҳ˵
һ̣ԺжʱŷĻ𻨣һɲǼ䣬˲ֳһʶ¡һ֮Դ硣
ǰ½룬޾磬ֻǰ粻ͬʱ˿̣忴֮ԴУһƬ񱩡ⳡսѾ׵ظı˹ԪֲֻǴһɨƬսУЩдССɫǿȸͬ
Ǹ佫
˲ͷӦ˹˵ĶǵʵԽԼײ֮սץʱԪָʵ׼Լײս󣬷͵ع
Ӧþײˡ
ĿܿЩ佫ƿתƵǰһϡ
ӴСͳ̶ȣ佫μ穣Ȼʧɫ
ϸȥɿ񱩺ڶ㣬Χľ޴Уңеӿ붼޹ɣЩ֮䣬ụײ𡣾ͨ߿Ҳ֪ž޴мȶ·ʱû㡣
Զ
ʱһƬͨ͸ײǣϢ˵ġ
ЩĻҳ̶ײԶǰֳģҪһ򱶡
ֻǼˣײҲûеĵز˳źڶľ޴ģһ۾Ϳһɳɫ˿ͣһֱ֮Դߴкӿеġ
ǹȻδִֻаӰϸȴڲͣǿ˳ɳɫϿȥһ۾Ϳ֮Դű̫ҪӴ󣬳ʮĹ򣬸ϷײԴС
΢
˲Ϣ䣬Ժи飬еһжѾָơײԴͷϷĸ߲οռ
Ȼէһ񻹲̫ԶֻҪŬܹõ֪ʥ侳۷΢֮䣬ĸǾ룬ʱա
΢İأôŬܼȡõ΢
鷳ǣ֮Դײʱȡ΢ߵȼȻֻпӴϸЩȴڲϵǿָ֣ͨߵȼ߲εʱѹơȶЩҵ񳱡
仰˵ֻҪײܹԴԴϵĴʱ뼳ȡ΢ǿڵƺҵϢ;׵ı
ʦ˵ûҪײͱض;һֱȥûĶ֡սףҲ޷赲
а
ײ츳ʵƽĹ֮Уײ֮ۡоһǿѹˣȴʼձ侲
ͻҸ޲Ϊͳ˧ʱΨ侲ܡϸµ˼пҵǰķ
ЩͷԺһӶܿͻָƽ
΢Ĺؼھ磬Ҫ߲εľ磬ӵй˵ľҲ˵ײܹ֮ԴԴϵؼȡ߲εʱؼľ
Ժд˷˲Ϣ䣬ǧͷԺзʱȣ˵սɰܣȫԼеһУɽͰѹ
ʱ˿̣ԼûзԴһ־˵ٶȸתܹʿԺֱ˼άתٶȣһᱻ𾪵
Ҫײؼʵϵѹƣû̫Ĺϵ
һ˫ԽԽҲԽԽɡ
֪ôˣ
һͷӹԺüᶨ
۾硢Ϊ岻òϣԼͻ˵۹󽫵ļҲײλʳսĶ֣ǵ۾㹻ţܹھ泬Լ˾Բ࣬ײͻ΢Ҳ޷ԼᲢۡ
һͷӹԺ漴ۣǰײһģɫ΢һԻͻۣ·Ľɫ޽Ҳ߸Ͼ춯صһ
о֮ԴкѾȥ˺ܾãʵϣʵ֮вŽȥһɲǵʱѡ
¡
ײǰɲǣͻ𣬻ûȵǻصһ֣һɽӴޱȵľ·ˮһ㣬˲Ϣ֮ƿնݺݵغײԺ֮С
¡·ʯײһһ̣ײֳһɼȴ㵵ɫеľ޽͵һǻֺƵԭаȥһҲͣһ¡
ۿ֮Դ磬Ǹ޾ĸߴй£ͨײ͸ߴߵȼռĳɫ˿ңͻȻ֮һε˿Ҳҵ
ŵһײǸУʱͺʧȥѹһࡣ
ʣ
ײȻɫ䣬һ˫۾תض塣ԭһֱɽһפԭأһ̣һ̤˲ǰеľ޽磬ݺݵնȥ
¡һնȥض·ʿˣǧڣ·ˮ˷ֳֿһʮ׵ľ޴պۡȻײ־ڱصõһʧˣâһ˲ʧײǰͬһʱ䣬塱һ飬һװһ̬


1147 ײ֮壩
ûõģײѾ֪㣬㲻лָʵתս֣
˵һģһĻͬʱȥײ֮ľ롣䣬Ҳ˵ʱһƾϮͬһʱ䣬һС
СӣҾͲţƲ
ײսʱ򣬰һֱ˿Զܿ˵սâʱ򣬲֪͵͵Ǳ󷽣͵سһ˹ȥ𣬷ĺ쳹գһ塱ͬʱеķ֮ȶеĵڶ塱
ķ֮ʵ̫ǿ󣬾Ȼײ޷𣬵ǰţķ߻Ӱ֮ҲȻ޷ߵᲢۡײԸһ塱˴Ӻ淢ͻϮһ塱ԼԸһ塱ĸһܹѸٵر
ˣѰ·
ûȵ˵֣һ̣һͻȻڰ˶ǰ塱˲ĭʧһֻƿ磬İסļָǯһ㣬һѪ֮С
컯
һ쳹أ˲׹ѣһױɷޱȡҲʱ򣬰ͻȻףԼмˣ
Ȼ͵͵ƽ壬ֺưˣעȻһֱײϣǰһ˿һľٶûܹù
ɣ
Ŀָ֮ͻȻһضΪ֮ȻɫĿֲ˲Ϣ䣬ڵʱӿȣ糤һӿڡ
еĴʳ֮УʵߵģĴƾɵ鷳ԶԶκһλʳͳ˧ҲǶɱҪɱԭ
ײң
Ѹʧ˫۴ɫ԰ףֳһ޾Ŀ־塣Ϊľ˾ŵͳ˧ɱĶ֣ѹ壬ҲƹǳأһΣһоζ
˹Ī֮ŭ
֮ŭ
壬ſշ𵶣

ۿƣʱΣգ˹֡ءǵµҲŭˣͬһʱ巢˽
飬˽һ̤ڿնǹһƬԾ˵ٶȥ
֣
屻Χаˡ˴峤ҲɫһƿնŰ˹֡ǵµ˵ķȥ
аˡ˴峤Լ˹֡ǵһֱ΢ƽ⣬ֻҪǲ֣а˺˴峤Ҳ֣ˣҲǲѶΪ֮ǰ˹ֵ˴ƽ⣬аǾͲòˡ
ڶԸײͬʱӦôĴʳ۹󽫡
䣬֮䣬ԪҲһɹ˷۶а˺˴峤ĵ£Ϊһֻֻ֣Ű˹֡ǵԼײͬʱȥ
ߣ۵
ײճһֻһģһڽ˶΢ƵȻ籩ϯֻһͷа˺˴峤Ĺȵˣ˲佫˺ݺݵɳȥ
ڿһۣȻ߾ȫص˲䣬̲סɫ԰ףһ͵ſһѪ
ʦ
ɫһ䣬˲ӿһѪɫʦ˴峤ڵ״䲻Ѿӽ;ƿݵ״ֵ̬ܼѾڼ֧ˡ
ײȰˣǾ͸ɣ
˫Ŀ죬ʯ䣬ȻһΣ˲ԭʧͬʱһɫľ콣׹Ժ֮ԭվĵطͬһʱ䣬˹֡ǵ¡ص˵ĹִıըУ˵Ĺȫա
ͺǰԤϵһĻһĽ˵Ĺȫܿ
ʮ⣬âһκֳܿͷ裬ɽХһΪľ˾ŵ죬˱ֱ۸߸߾ٹͷȫƤͼ⼱ήֻƬ̵ʱ䣬˱Ѿʧķ֮
ҸֲǣĴ컯ʧȥ˶ȫѪĿƣϵһ㣬ֻ׸ʯ䣬ֻһĲҽУһ˿Ҳȡ˾ʹ
ȻǾȥɣ
ȫѪһϢǿ˼¡˰˵֮ʵǣڵ糤һ㣬ݡ
䣬˫һȻغڰ˹ֵ˵ǰ죬һͷ׵ͷ­͵ط˳ȥԶ
쵰
˹֡ǵµ˿һĻ˫һ죬رǰ˹֣ȫһɿֲɱͰйβսľһΣҲӦ˹û뵽˾Ȼ˶

˹״͵س˹ȥеͭȭ׹âɣ͵һȭݺݵغ˳ȥɫƿնŤΣȻħĺ
䣬Ȼ˹ָո˳ûԶһɫĽƿնԺ֮Ͱ˹ֲȻվĵطͬ롣
ܷ˿ٵһҲֻײˡ
Ȼ˿ٵһˣ£ɫٶȹ⻷£ٶȰ˼£ײҲԵ֡䣬ײֵͬʱķԼһľƿնݺݵغײԺײ۳ζʱһͣǿдбȳ
ǰײԲ㾡ȫҲѶ˺ֻڵײޱȣɱķھңอشа˵ˡ
ֻײϾ긻ǿûôһͻ΢
ҿֵܼ˶ã
ײɫ䣬һɽɫȼգڱײȻ֮ٶȾһһ㣬գֱ˶ȥ
һ·ǰ˹ֵ˶ԸٶȣȻһ̣䣬һεҵײײϣϵϢײһƬɢҡ
ܣ
а˽ӶߴȴаʱͻȻֹײ

ײŭҲ룬ͷһԶаˣǹâһһӰбɲǳ˲佫а˾ˡ
ʦһ֮
ֱץаӶߴûа˷Ӧ¡԰˵ĻѪƺƵӿ˲а˵߾֮Сһ۹󽫵Ϊַʽǿкʦڡ
аһ漴Ӧһɹɿ񱩵Ѫһ㣬а˵£Ѹٵȫ߾а˻Ϊá


1148 ײ֮
Ϊһ뢣еĳǿߣаȻﱻƣ޷컯ŹеĹصָƣ͹ѸٱѹƣҴȫǧѨ֮Уֻһɲǵʱ䣬а˵ɫʱ˼֣ȻҪ볹׵ĻָƻԶûô򵥣Ƕа˵Ѿһս֮
ײĻָĻҪ죬ȥҪ˶ܿͻɥʧ
аԣǰײӹһĨǣײڵԲǸɫսѪ߰ߣһƵѪˮ˳׷϶ϵϢȶа˵Ĺֻʱȡ߼΢ȴܽ׵ĶϾ
ǣ˿ֹײԸ߲ļȡȴ޷ֹײ΢ĸʱۻײܿͿ΢һЩµ΢ľС
аǵġ
˹֡ǵ¡Ǽ˹
֮УײŶϢаˣĿͬ¶ȵļɵɫһʵΪаˣײ˵أаʵĻָײٴθоâڱв
һΣײԤϵû𹥻
ײʲô
󣬼ϢӰײ󣬰˹ǵ¡Ҳһ˹
ǵȫң
ײɫĿǰ˲ɵ

һȫû뵽ײȻҪ󡣼ҵսϣʱܹʵ½̫ͻɥʧԱ֮
ûʱˣЩ뷽跨ҼȡȥҺѳµǵңҰȫɱ⣡
ײɱ糱
ѾᷳèúһϷǸͳ˧Ǹ·Ķͷӣһնɱ
˹û˵Ŀ˲ϢӹͷǺܿ죬˹־˾
ˣ
˹ֳ
ǵ£ǵĹ
ڵΣѾûѡ񡣴áʮɲر󡱹ǣ׵Ĵƽ⣬ǰ˹ֻǵ£ֻǻأʵѾɥʧ˶ԴƵв
ܹǵģҲֻһײѡǰס˴Ƶķâʳ˹ѾˡҲĿǰΨһİ취
飡
˹һģһֻ͵ײϣĺɫ罭纣ӿȣӿײڣͬʱ飬һֱֻ۴бɲ͵һͬڰ˹ϣǵҲͬʱѡ񣬽ڵĹޱ͵ײϡ
Ժ󷽵ĵطȻʳֻ˾ٶУرѾһС飬΢һ֮󣬻̤ͬʱԼֱۣλĵ۹һɲǣѡ˽ԼĹײַͨʽ˶ѡ˽ܴƵϣȫײ
ײ޷ܴƣʵ벻ϻʲôˣԴܴƣ
ˣ
˹룬ײͷ޷Զԭ˥ϢѸˮǴߣԾ˵ٶ
Զ塢ڼ֥˿һĻҲǷ׷ױɫײдϣ˵ĹԴƾͱü䲻
ţ
ʱаһȣԺ
ҪײֻҪ΢նٱ˵ֹֻʡϸˣҪ˵£ǳҪ컯ˡʵ滹һиľѧͬ𡯡оѧҵд컯һӣľѧ
һֱͼ컯ƽߵľ磬Խ칦Ĵʼߣŷ컯ȷʵһиߵľ磬ȴһܹʩչġҪ컯ﵽǿˣͬʱʩչܹӳǧıԴУҲǡͬ𡯣Ǵ컯߾硣΢ǿߣҲһԻ𡣲ݹΪʦյȫһͽһСͬûлʩչҲ
ΪѾﵽ˴컯۷壬ʩչҲ;߱ʩչͬĻΪʦո͵ǧģ컯һ֣ͬʩչͬ𡯡
žѧӴ󣬵ϾΪʦûʩչмʲôգΪʦ޷ơֻڣѾûʲôõİ취ˡȵ΢ʹþҲһûáֻһΣͬĻᡣ
а½趯޷˿
ʱ˿̵ȴа˻Ҫͬ򵥵ĸ֣ͬͶһʯɲһֱΪǴ컯ļޣû֪ڡϾȻһСͬ𡱣һ컯ǿʩչľѧ
һ㣬аǰӲ
ʯ䣬ԺзӶһ̣ƳԶĽɫԼսһ㣬ʵڲϻָײеͷʧĿѸٱüᶨ
ʦˡʲôնûйϵһȫʦʩչͬ𡯡
ţ
а˵˵ͷĿбĹâ
ˣͬͬ︴ʼ
а˴ڶߴ컯߾ѧͬ𡱵ķܿԺһݣ֪ʱȣϵشæϸ
ķ֮κξѧҪ£Ҫʱ䡣壬аˣȫ͸˴컯͸ÿһְأڱѾﵽ۷£ȥͬҪʱ;Զûô
Ҹ㽲ͬĹؼ;裬ϸˣֻὲһ顣һײϣ׼ôǶʩչֻ·һ
аֱӽͬԭԼзӡԺ֮Уؼĵطһһ
¡
а˸ոսϣԶ㴫һ졣ײһһɰͬɽХ㣬ϱ֮ǰȫͬն
˿
ײɫĿޱȡ
ߣ
˹֡ǵ¡ؼͬʱɿֱۣһΣڵϣһԾͬʱź󷽼Ӷȥһΰײ˼ľȫĹһɫ԰ףʱЩ
ѾˣͿײˡҶԶһ㣬ñ
˹ֵǰ㣬ϣһۣ߱һ߻ͷͣײķ


1149 ײ֮ߣ
˹ֲ֪ײϷʲôԸоõײڵʷ˾޴ı仯ڰ˹ֵĸоУͺһųҵĻȼգջڼǿ
ǲ͸ײĳָ߼£߻Ե
һоͿˣΣһսҪӮ
˹ţܿعͷһǰȥѾǷ֮أû⣬ײɱ䣬ڵѾ޷־޴ıըҴˡ
ϴ峤ߴˣҲȫ˵ȥ
ͬʱҲе
ϴ峤ڵ൱أ֥֮ǰսҲ˼Ҫǣϣһʲô⣬ٸ֥λƵĵ۹ܹ֮Ҵ
˺󣡡
忴ǰչ̤ײԥ
һսյľսƺʹʳ֮һʤߣּսУͨʿֶľ񣬶ѾԵ΢¡¡һԭڵһ߸ƾŷʹʳ˻ŵĴƾӣ糱ˮһ׷ȥÿ˵϶زͽǣͬʱ
ڵԲʳսײĴڣͬһجһ㣬ˡһ˵ʵǿһ̶ȣκ˸еؾײʾˡһսû֪ĽǶ壬аˣһ
˵ƻܹʤܹսʤײҲֻˡ
飡
һֻɫսѥޱȣ͸޾ϣ͵̤˳
ײ̤գһһĳаĲĴݣÿһ֮˵ԨһգײĽȴƽأײʱһӴϢ쫷һ㣬ϱ
͸֮Դȥһ۾ͿײЩԭϢͻȻ֮䣬ȶ˲١֮䣬ǹͨײʱĸߵȼ˿ҲӿӴϸ˲١֧£ײԾ˵ٶȻָ
ҲʲôˣҲǶˣ
ײһ㣬쳹ա
꣬ײ͵һƣָ죬ͬʱ䣬һӴɱƿն糱ˮ㣬ӿȥգסаˡ
һɲǼ䣬¶˹սնʱһƬš
аȫļҲ˼֣ͬһĴһ㣬ʱ˷׼
סΪʦոո˵ĻֻһΣ˿Ĳ
аѹص
ף
˵ͷ˭ûע⵽ָһ΢Сơ
ײɣ
̧ܿͷԶȶײû˿õ˼
ǿƺʹʳ˭Ƭ½ף
飬δ䣬ʦа˵һΣͨһһң볯ײȶȥ
ͬһʱ䣬飬һըӴϢһǰһҵرײɱײͥ
ɲͬϢһն£Ť
Ϣľ˷ͻȻ֮䣬ţһƬ˫۾塢а˺ײ㷴Ӧٳٶ۵ˣʱ˿ҲսĹؼʱѾ٣ʤһ˲֣֮Ҿײ塢а֮֡
ͨʿսѾأһаˡײ֮ս£ôսĽֽʹ˵춨ⳡճ־õս׵ؾʤߺʧߡ

սϿХɳʯһƬɱ
·ֻһɲǵʱ䣬ַ·ͣײ塢аңţһ̡
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬һɰ硢ǿľȻ֮ײϱֻ꣬һɲǣײΪģԲڣеĿռ·Ĳ㣬ͻȻԳɰǧѺۡ
ײɿ⣬һʳֲôһռϣֻһʳԶûпһ˴ͬϵڣȫɷĩ
ˣˣ
һĻһʳ˹صĽɫ䣬׷״߶Ŵæȥ
˱ΪײĿаˣֻҪɣӦþԱܹսĲϵõⳡսûпʼײֻһ֣ӴѾ˺ԼˡˣһɲǼ䣬һƬңȫȥ
ͬʱײĶ棬꣬û˿ףһ¶¸߸ߵĸǽϣͻȻϸСƣ飬һ̣ͬʧĴʳһһĸǽ˲ըѣͬΪķĩ
󳷣
ͬһʱ䣬һ¶¸߸ߵĸǽЩ鲼յʱѷըɷ顣֥ǧϯԪ˶ɫݣ׷ָŴͬȥڳ˵ʱ˶жײޱȵ
ӭǵɣ
ʯ䣬ֻһ죬һѹе죬ֻһɲǣ˵ĿУײΧ֮ڣռ飬еһлΪһƬڰͬײаˣҲ˲ûС
ĺڰģһ̫Ҫǧ򱶵ĽɫâȻ𣬹ͨأһֱoյײͻȻ֮䣬ʧȡ֮һŰ뾶ʮɵգȻ֮両кڰ
쿴
ʯ䣬ƺƣһʳﶸȻ̧ͷײǵصĽߴԳ𺳵ɫ
һ仰ˣĿ׷յߴһ̣սϾÿ˵϶ü𾪡
ֻײϷյߴͻȻˮ㣬ֳʱջӰײһֹգƺ͸ʱգӵĳ֪硣
ǸһźײϢͬոȻ֮ԴУʱľһģһ
ײһȻʱգͨ΢ڵʱա
ǸĿֲϢй¶ÿɫ԰ףоһɿֲѹͬĩһ㡣
¡ֻһɲǣǹͨصһԾ˵ٶնһѾԽ˼άٶٿߣ޷ܣԵֵһض·
Ƿ·ˣķˣ
ײһ֮Ľɫ棬еĿķһлֻǿʼ꣬ײͬʱҡΣһ޴ĺɫѷ˲ײ¾ᴩ˴ʳ˵ľӣᴩ˴Ƶľӡ
ѷɿסһʳ˹ءƵҽţӦѾ䵽϶У޴ѷɡ


1150 ײ֮ˣ
һǣ˶ɫײһѾǿó˱ܵĸоһַĿ־С
壬Сģ
Զ֥澪ţû뵽ײ˵£Ȼܷӳ˿µһ۷״̬ҲԽӲ¡
˴峤ǧϯԪ졢Կ֮ÿһһĻ˶ɫ԰ףһĳˮ
Ӯˣû˿ԽһһսվӮˣ
ͬʱԶһֱעһսİ˹йâһ͵սȭͷܲѡ
һս̫̫ˣ֮ڰ˹һΪʳҪⳡսգײûʧֻƾһʳԻʤ׵ػЩͽ
ײҾ֪еģȻûʧ
ڴ󷽣һƥͷķͬϵۣսĴ紵衣
һս֮󣬴֮Լֹʳ뿪ΪԼıļšһʮᡱٸߵıҲҪϵģıǽһпԽõĶײǴ޼ƻбõǹ
һսֻҪܴƣ޼Կ϶ʮڣƱȻһ겻񡣸Ҫǣһսۼ˴ľ£ƻꪳɳȻԶǰδеĳʿš
˹Ҳؽһսл棬׵ظıʹ֮Ĺظ֡
壬Ȼźʧȥ֣һ񡯣õĽ֡
ʯ䣬գа
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬ĳȵף˹غʹʳ˾ʱ˶ͻȻһ춯صľ졣˻֪ô£һ̣Ȼһ˹Բʮ֮ڣͻȻһƬڰ
ͻȻ˶ֲ˹֡ޡصϵ˲̣еײҲıɫ
ͬɣͬ𣡡
ʱһؼһ̣䣬춯ؾб˵ĿУâһһ־޴չâɣͻȻ⼫ȵĺڰ롣󣬾ھ벻Զĵطâһ𶯣һӴĺɫԲ£ͬ֡
˹սϣһγͬԵľ󡣶ͨ˵ֻ̫Ȼͬʱ˼䣬ֻһһгĲһһһһգʲͬȴͬлԵ
컯ؼľڡϣһУûв֧ġ
ͬ𡱵ľ裬ǽ֮ӵ£ּµ֮ǿĻҲа˸ײԿĹؼ
ײɣ
ʯ䣬쳹աһΣԼȫô컯תΪµаǧתΪԼģ˼µλ۹۷ĴڣԽԼתһ£Ȼ˲ײһ
¡
ʯ䣬˵ĿУ˼̫ҵײһһؼžײ˲䣬ʱն·ֹˣ漴رʱ顣
ʦа˻һһ͵ײһ𣬾ͺؼ俪һ϶һɿֲģĿкײ͵غ˹ȥ
ӴײһǼҲԵ΢
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ǹ̺رԴĿӿֻһͷײĹĽ˲ʧͬײɵĽɫҲɲǼ䱻ݻ١
ֻһĲҽУĽһһ£ԼǹɿֲĻ˲ʧһɫӰâת߷һ㣬ؿռ䣬һ޴ĻߣȻ׹ڵء
¡ײ˫صɲǣһӴĿֲ͸Ľŵ׺أɲǼѿ飬ʯա䣬һը֮ײԭվĵط˲仯Ϊһ뾶ʮɵľ޴ӶΧһƬ飬Ŀꡣ
ۣ
ײȻǿнǹɻԵصףؿһ̲ס͵һѪһ˲԰ףֽײϢҲ˳һ㼱䣬Ѹٽһ˵ĵز
ܣҾκˣ
ײͷɢ״ϵƼأǶײ˵صĻϵĳ
һѾײǿһΪԼʤȯգû뵽а˾ȻᱬҪµֱ˺ֹˣЩڣϵĽɫսҲܵش
ڣԲˣ
Уޱߵĺڰ˲ɢȥа˵ζȻֳһֱעײ״λĵҵĽȻǿ󣬵վѾߵľͷͬ𡱵Ļڲϵزʳ
һҲսˣ
أ
ڿըаͬʱײݶȥ
ײ
Զ˹¶𾪵ɫΪֹ޷ײˣǺܿ췴ӦɲǼ䣬ɱ춯أʳ˹ص۹ľ˲䷴ӦյУֺĳŴƾӳȥ
ϲʳľڣʳս޲ʤı־һ˹ֶȲϣΣ
Ȼ˹ֵѾܿˣ˲Ϣսϻˡ
ɱ
Хаһһң֮Ƴײͬʱ˹ȥ

ڣ
Ӵǳ㣬ײȥ
䣡
˵ĹײɫŤȻû˿ܵ˼ʯ䣬һɫĽ˵Ĺݺײһ
ҵڣ
ʯ䣬ȻһСǼ䣬󣬹һ֧ǧɵĶ̤⻷һҲʱ˲ŷ֣ײսҵʹﲻ֪ʲôʱѾһߣǰȵ˷ֵʱһѾײԶˡ
ã
Զ޿һĻɫ䣬ȻʲôһжѾˡ
ϣҵ˻УǧƵﻯΪһɸѸٳ䣬ֻ˲Ϣ䣬ǧʩչˡи͡һƥƥ׳˶սԾڵײ
䣡
춯صıըУսǰͺ̣㲻ϵײϣһȳֵĻҵǱ˻ߵľ޽͵һݺնײı󣬶ͬʱҲ͵һն˹
˲Ϣ䣬ײıɫǰһĴڶ˵вײʵ󽵣ѾԶû֮ǰôǿ󡣶Ըǰа˾ѾľȫѾϾȥ˼


1151 ֮
飡
Ĺײϡ϶ҧܼĹײһʱ֮ҲԳܣϢһٽϵ
ҹ
һХʯ䣬ײڶıһŨҵĽ⣬һըҵͬһͬݺɿȥʨ޷ܸ裬ŭϺӣײ˵κʱЩߵð
Ȼײҵɵɲǣ䣬âһһɽʹ󺣰Ӱοն˲ײǰûӦ䣬һɫؽӺأɽľ͵һնײϣȴǺڼʱͻȻˡ
֮ǰսУڼ˾󲿷ײĹѱȻˣڼҲ˴ۣڵķǳ֮Ըոյһս岢ûС
һʱһʱڵײѾԶû֮ǰôâ¶ƥˡ
ۣ
ֻһײ͵һѪ˳ϼˣֳ˺ڼһʱϢٴڵԽء
쵰ͨͨҪ
ײŭ쳹գȻû˵ͱˡ
ɣ
һëϷնȸֳͻȻգԾ˵ٶȳײն˹ȥײɫһ䣬ڵĽ䣬Ҳ룬ͳ嵲˹ȥȻһ̣䣬һӴľȻݺݺײԺ֮С
һͻײĽһͣһ˿
̻
͸
̶ʱڣһײĹķسڶֱӴ͸ͣһһŶͷ­߸߷𣬴ײļϷ˳ȥ

ˣ
ײ

һɲǣʱ䶼·ֹˣ˹֡ǵ¡ϣɳľޣԼǰȥĴʳȫɫ԰ף׷ͣ˽Ų׹ѡ
һʳսսްܼײȻꪳɳĵһսУڴˣдʳ˵һֵجġ
ܵģô
Զ޳ңһƬҡײ䣬еǸҲ֮ˡ
һս˹ÿ£ڴУѰһϣһε˹֮սϡڣһг䶨ǴҲվ졣
ʳˡ˹һƬţҲͬʱһ࣬ڶݵļž֮ͻȻһ춯صĻ
壡
壡
壡

춯أ˶ˡ˭Ҳû뵽һսѾ£Ȼܴһٷ̣˴ʳ˺˹ˣ˳նɱײв
ɱ
һ£еĴ׷׳ɱ
ʤˣھ¼׿ս֮󣬴վⳡҵսУʤһ·Ц۷塣
ھոʤʵʱ
ɱ
ӦǲǧգصУǧһĴ֮СһҽУĴʳ˹նɱ¡
䣡
ͬʱһ޴ģͲ֪ɵľ޴ˣزأ͸ڵս৵һӭչϣһɹٴηӳֵԼͬȴĽ£һֺĹ⻷ٴ֡Ȼڱʧ޴Զû֮ǰĻԻ貣ɷޱȡ
û˿ԥһ̣еĴȫǰ󲽳Ŷʳ˹ɱȥֻһɲǣ̱ӣĴʳ˹׷ױն£˵Ѫ
ˣˣ
һ󾪻̵Ĵ쳹ս
ɽ
һ̲Ǵʳ˻˹ˣȫս˵Ĵٹǰ׷ܡײ˵Ĵױȵģʿȫܣ˶ֻԶجΰ˹ѾȫͺͶУ˴֮以̤ײսһƬҡ

ĲҽУһʳ˹ﱻǰĴ裬ԴѸٱ׷ϣһն¡ǧǧǧӴ浽ȫ󳷣̶һɲɵĻңʹ˹غʹʳ˲أ˲Ϣ߰ǧսսС
һ֧ʧȥ˶־ⳡսѾ֮ܳΪսˣһ浹ɱһľţңû˺ηս⣬һʵ¾ɶӲ
Ұ
ǧ˹غʹʳ˲ϵ£̶̵ֻʱ䣬ǾӴԼԼʻпĸ֡
䣡
󷽣պɽֱһӣһ¡ɲǼ䣬һûһƬҵ˹غʹʳ֮Сۣ˹غһʳܲһӺ󷽽׷ľ׮˵˵ϣһ
طͬ鲻Ϸ
սʱ䣬֮йܹģڻǸƳһպɽֱӣдսֻҪ̶Ȳֻ̫Ҫܹ󳵵ĳ棬ȫ˽ȥ
Ŵʳ˹޶־ʱһսոоľʱЩǷ޸ѾҪⳡ׷ɱУնɱһһ
ȥľȫȥǰߣֹǣû˶ϺǸ޷ȫˣ
˹ҲˣڵԼײս˵ĳ̫ˡֻܼϣھþѵսнֹľˡȻ˹ŸոշоһĲҽС

˹ֻһ𣬶תͷͿһĻķĳ
Ҿ֮У˹صĵ۹󽫻أȻһ̴ţ߸߾𣬶ڰ֮УѪʶ˳Ǳ˹һۿһᡢϤӰ
أӦõģ
ŻأһƬɱغʹһ佫ϣ㺦ؿԼĸս˹սԼӦ죬Ҫںһˡ
ˣ˭ߣΨر
ž
ʯ䣬һֱֻѪһץסֱۡظߴεضڽϣɫ԰ףϢвƺʱпܻϨ𣬲ϻ͸һ˿Цݣƺѽ֮⡣
ܿܣ˶ѣ޻˵壬˹ĵˣΪһ佫ܹսϣҲһ佫ӦеĽ֡һ佫ݣϣܹӦһ󣬴ֻһˣûҵĸԺв㡣һսѾӮˣܷĹ࣬һ
Ѫ˳Żصƣȫײ£ϵЦȴԽԽͫƽƺڼĽ׼ΨһֻץսֱۣĿ͸ĳְ
һɲǣ庳ˣδһ̣뵽Ļ


1152 ࣡

ͻȻһ˺ѷεĴ󺰴ԶŴе壬Լһ̴߾յĻأġ
һɲǣԺһƬհף˵궼类˰һ㣬ĿǻҰޱȡ
֮սʮۻİϵȫûꪳɳȫڶ֮ϣϵԭΪһƬûлҰؽ֮УһֱŰյûлҰ˹սһδεʧܣ޵ûлҰԭ֮ӥç֧սɳϣ޵ͬûлҰ
ǵرһ̴߸߾һйâû˿
࣬ߣ
սϣХһĴӶߴɣҰŲ³Ŵ޵ıӰǽ
ʳѾˣײնɱ˹Ҳûκɡʱɱ֮Ǳ˹˹ء
ȻʱĴʧǣŻصķδ
ǼϽȥѴս룡
ɣҰнй³
ǣ
³Ѹٷæҵޣ
ߣ
һ̣һ£ɣҰŴ޺ʣµ³Լ˹һ·̳ԶֻӴܶȥĴʳ˶Ѿ˲ϡͷԷɡƵıܿͻ׷ɱʱֻܸˡ
ɣҰٶȺܿ죬ֻһѾǧɡĶһ·ȥ˹ˣ˹ִʱҲ̾һɫӣ֪ȥ
赲ȫٳˣ
˹ϣʳ赲һౣһͻˣ˹Ҳˣսֻʣ´ʳˣľѳţҲֻһ;ˡ
գ
ʳ˱ɽıףҺһ·ܡһβͬǰ漸ΣûκεĵֿҲսԵĳˣ˵ĺŽã˶ڷܱ
ɱ
һ쳹ʣս¡¡ڶ֥ǧϯԪ졢ϡҵ˺ܿͬʱ̍Ⱦ񲿶ӣպɽ󳵲ȫ糱ӿһһߣǰ˵Ĵʳβ׷ɱȥ
սϣϣҲسصʬ建
ˣصʬƴãһ񡣡
ϣڵһֱҲûеȵĴ𸴣ǵɣҰŴǿ뿪һ·Զݵʱλ˹ص۹³࿹ĵ۹󽫣ڱ۾
Ϊˣ屾ɱǵ֮еɱȥֻʣ´ģһ󽫵ء
ȻΪУǻȴһľˣһ̣ҲԼѾܵĴޡ
˿Цݸ˼𺳡
õĹޡ
ԺͷܿعԶս¡¡̳ʳˡ˹ڳˮ㳷ˣĿʱ
һΣܰ˹ӵĺǣ嶼һ·׷ɱȥٸκεĴϢ֮Ǿ
ݣ
һݣڳ˻һڿն͵һ׷ʮɣǰ׷ɱȥ
ĳд˹㳲ԶѳԶӶҲһ˷ܵ໽ų˻£ԼţȻҲŴɱȥ
ȻȻ
һͷϹŰɫͷ񼤶ȫһδǸһ޴ľϲ֮ǰʮɲرɱײһĻ춯صսƷȶûй¶һϢЩ˾ˡ
ʱûԹһ㣬ֻҪܹܴʳӮⳡս㹻ˡսǽսС
жǽһ˱еĸ׼
֮裬һ˫ϵѩޱȡôΣ֮ѲǵľսϵҲһָ֪֮֮оһսһ׷ɱֹͣ⽫һʷǰĴ׷ɱ˹֮ǵЩǽպսУӳ޴á
˹֮ǵûκηصļֵͺͺĵ̣ţ򶼲ΣﶼֵפءԸ񣬷߱Ȼǰƣ˫γɵĬ
ɱ
ͬΪȷ棬ں͹һʷǰĴ׷ɱ˹ʼˡҹͣȶŶ˲սսںβ׷ɱ
ⱾǴɣҲЩֵӣʱκεıսԵ޹ؽҪˡΪеĴʳѾȫɥʧ˶־ЩηսΪĴʳˣһڶ˱ǸսĶ֣һƷǰδеشܡ

࣬ߣǰʯţֻҪǾͿԽʯնϣȻŴСɷ˹ظԭ˵׷ɱ
ǰɣҰеһ˵׷ɱеĻҪͣ˹սһ·ܣĺɱһֱûжϹһΣƺѾ¶ģ˹˺ʹʳ˸Ͼɱݡ
ɣҰԸ߰һսǴΪ³Լе˹ڣɣҰͷһ۶ҡ
塢֥ڼгǧ˵Ϣһŷ籩㲻ϱƽ˹أ˿֮࿹⣬Ħô߰ˣԼķ𵶣Լʹܡ
˹ֺǵΪ֮ǰ͹ײޱȣϢһ£ָʱ䶼ûС
˹غʹʳѾûкʹһսʸˡ
Ӷףһ֧ȥɧŴʳˣ赲һ£˵עȫڴʳϣֻҪǶһ̣ǾͶһ
ɣҰͻȻŤͷһԵĴӶ׵Ȼç֧սս˹վЩڡ
ף
Ӷ⻰˵Ťͷһ֧Ŵʳ˵ķȥ
ֻһ棬죬ʳ˱Ӷһ裬󷽵ıȻ˲٣һƬҡǰɣҰԲôɣսʧܣ˫Ѿ̸ʲôˣֻҪԼ˹أһб㶼޹ؽҪ
ϣ˿ϣͨʯ֮󣬽նϣ
ɣҰеգһƥԾѸٵʱʯţ󣬳ɰǧ˹ش֮㣬׷׳ǰӿȥ


1153 ޵
࣬ߣϺ󣡡
ɣҰŤͷź󷽵ս¡¡ƾ춯أеıԾ˵ٶȱƽʳ˵İ쳹أ˹ҲǴĿģΪ֮ݣϿܣºֵܿԼˡ
ǻŸʲôϿ커ʹ뿪
ɣҰָ³
Ρ
ͻȻһƽǵԺ˻ɣҰѰѰɣҰĶУͻȻһַǳĸо֪ΪʲôӴ޵УɣҰоһɿ͸ζ
࣬һеȵȥ˵ɡ쵰ûҵĻ𣡡
ɣҰƤȴ˵꣬³
ɣҰǾʹ˷ֱɡ
ϣ̧ͷŻɣҰͻȻڵĺɱУȴ쳣ƽƽûɣҰ
࣬ں˵˵ʲôߣ
ɣҰƺԤϵʲôƤ
ǺǣΣ˵ˣʮս³ʧأһվҪ˸𣬶Ҷç֧ͨͨսǷ˹أòŹ𣿡
һ΢ЦԽƽ
ࡣ
ɣҰһסˣǻĻڴ򵥵һ仰ǰȴһֶ²
Σȥɣֻ£пܻҵʱѾˣԺ˹ֻпˣ߲Ѿˡ
޵Ŀ·͸еһУ˻ɣҰһۣ͵һͷź󷽶ȥ
壡ɸҳһ
޺쳹ս͵һѸʧӿĴ֮С
࡭
󣬻ɣҰǵȻӰģþ˵

ͬʱŴ޵һ仰սβ׷ɱʳĴƾӣȻɧ
Ǵޣ쵰ˣʲôıƣǧס
ãã纣սϣ֥һƥɫսһ۾ע⵽˱۶Ĵޡڴޣ֥мɵȻǸ࣬ⳡսΪôӣִʳ˹ءͻ˵ľ档
رһսϺͳǧƣƲܣ֥Կ϶޾г٣սıȫƶġ
Ȼ벻£޻ʹʲôϷǸ֥ܵĶּķ
һ£
ͻȻ֮䣬һԶԶŰڣܼĴУŻ˽Ų
Ѧǧôʾ׷ɱڴޣûҵ˭Ҳ׼֣
޵ľٶ̫ˣ͸֥ͬ岢Ϊʱʹʲôıơç֧ײҲѾԼնɱ´ıҲѾˡ
Ѹ˵ˮϽʯһ㣬еĴ֮ǰ׷׳ÿȥõִУͬ󳵲ӡеĲӾͺûпһƹޣǰ׷ɱȥ
дȻȻķֳһɲӣԣһֻգۼɡ
սԼʤڴ֮Ѿ˼ߵºйЩڵͬһҲѡ˷
գ
ɫ𣬽̳Ŵ޻ǰǰ۵ʬдʳ˵ģҲ˹˵ģѪв
ɫȻƽƺһε˵ע⡣
Ԫ죬¦ʦǴ׷ɱŴޣ
֥üͷͻȻͣ˽Ų
а˺˴峤Ҳ΢΢Ż˽ŲüԶĴޣǵĿӹ޵ʱ˷·ʲôһ˫Ũܵĳüչ˵
ݣ
ԶĴޣйâһһԾ
ʹ޵ĽӽΧ֪žĿ׷׾ۼϡ
֪ˣʹ޵еĶԹҲ˽⡣֮սΪ޶ȵ𣬶ڣңԶ˹սٴ
գ
ʮಽԶĵطʹͣ˽ŲĿԣ˭Ҳû˵·ֻһɲǣֺͣڣ˶һ̾
ܿܣ壬һսӮˡӴԺ󣬿ʮڣ½ϣ˿ԺᲢۣҲû˿Ժʹٿ⣡
ͻȻڵԣϵ۴üݣ޵ȴԶҵöࡣ
һսͲӦ
һƽ
ⳡսսڴ޿⣬ԼȴǱȻ޸Ͳ֪ԼΪһս˶Ŭ˶׼
˽һ̿ʼһսʵѾʼˡ
ڴһս
Ǻǡ
ֻһЦɫȻ·͸еһУ
ôܲΪԼ˹أ˹ҶڱУֻǡܿܣˣ޻˵
ĬȻ˵ģܿܡ佫ףͬʱѭĵȻȷʵԼ˲鷳ǼҲòϣǸֵ𾴵Ķ֡
壬һսѾˣҲڣҲûκźˡһǻԸ϶֣Ȼߣ³ǰҲҪ˱ᣬϼʮأʼûд繦ܽұƵɽˮģ壬ǵһҲΨһһ
޿壬ûгޣҲûޣֻһֽԺƲȥԵĹҺ֮һĶ֣ĳ̶ֳʵһˣ٣ûʲôź
壬ԴӦһ𣿡
ͻȻڵ΢΢üͷֻǵȻһЦ
ģѾٳΪĶˡѻصʬң㴦ã㣡
˵֣ϵЦȥ΢΢Ĺ壬¶һ˿ɫһɲǣǸ绪˳ᢣӳⷽٵ˹ءࡱʧˣǰģֻһͨͨģ΢СĴޡ
䣡
һĻΧ֥ǧҵѦǧȫ¶𺳵ɫж͸˴ɫǷ˶˭Ҳû뵽ʱ򣬴ˣȻΪ˻صʬ塣
û뵽ǣȻΪ˻صʬ壬ǰͷ
ǽģҲԸϣûʲôܹ׵ĵͷǸ֥ҲԶԶΪ˻صʬ壬Լ𣬵˸߰ͷ­
һɲǣ˵ĸо


1154 ֮
𣿡
ٴε͸һ˿
Һͻʶһһֱңûа취ɳŵĶҰͻ˹ȥһ񣬺𣿡
忴Ŵ͸¶ңڤڤУǰǷгһ̾ڻȥʹ޶ôãҪ޷ܾ
ˣصʬ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ƵǣһƥŻصʬӴ󷽣۶
ү
ǰصʬ彻˴ǰܿ뿪ĬĬĿŴޡȴʲôûпʲôûиоһӻسֵһעͱȫ
ǵЦݲ֪ʲôʱȥĲǰԶƵףϻصʬ壬ͻȻ¶һıݺͰˡشŻɫףΰ弴Ҳһָߴǿĸоֻɫ԰ףûϢ
壬Ըң˵ʲô𣿡
̧ͷ
峤̾Ϣһûǰ˵Ļԭԭ˵˳
һɲǣϵĻأ̲ס
ҶԲס㣡һսʧˣ
صͷͣĲյһĻĻٴθǰ
˹ظԭϣǸĻؾͬһͷһŭԼ
һǸԭϵǲҲһˡ
Σϲ죬벻˵أոһƥ֮˸ѫʲôã
㣡
ʲô㣿˵Ĳ𣿡
ߣһˣ޸֮µĲ򲻹ʲôã
٣ι˰£˳ᢣʤ£𣿺ᣬԶ𣿡


Ҫ˹أ
ʮΪڣ²ɣ
ߣ޸ֻ֮¿ѡ
𣿡


ְˡƱĻҪǿ󣡡
Ҫ𣿡
ᣬԶᣡ˹ػ̫ˣʮʱ䣬һ˹سΪǿĴڣ
Ȼˣ಻ʮΪڣӴԺ󣬾ҳΪұ۰ɣ


µһĻĻǰӶŻز԰׵ʬ壬޵ˮӿ
һΣҺ㣬ཻɡ̰ѻؽʬԭκεʧͷȥ
ǣ
ĵ·ʶʲôͷԳһ˿˵ɫ
壬ܺ㽻֣ⱲĽ
һǰ壬лָһЩɡ
ģһνףڣ
΢΢һЦָֻǸɷࡣ
ࡢûȥǣսʮ˹սΨлˣ
ͣû巴Ӧ͵سЯһ֧彣ĨԼĲ
ɲǼ䣬һѪȪ𣬴ɫƽ߸ߵͷ­ͷһֱ޾ԶĵطɢĴս׹
飡
ġصĵڵϽһƻҳһս·žࡣ
֥ǧҵѦǧ˿һĻж¶𺳵ɫ
һ˹࣬ϵߣ赲˵۹ͻ³ʮĴڣһֲҶķʽ˵ǰ
࣡
һɲǣԶԶأխʯϣɣҰĿѣķһ˺ѷεĴ󺰣
壬վһգΪ츶۵ģ˹ؾ䣡һգһΪͽ𣡡
үҴȥɵ˹ھʧû˴޺ͻأֻҪͻϮ׷ǣȻмĸʽɣҰЩ˹صʿնɱԳ󻼣
һͻȻҵͻȻǰһʯϻɣҰķĿ¶⡣
ͬʱԿ֮Ȼû˵ҲǰȻֻҪҵ֣Կ֮һͬʱ֣˵ʵмĸʿնɱɣҰ
Ĵսڴƾе죬رǾײһս˿֮ȡ
һ㣬֥ͳǧ־е޽޷֮ȡɣҰȻҵô˵в壬ֱѰ·
ˣȥɣ
ƽ
˼ûлص£ûд޵ıֻǼڴ޵սѣڴƲ̫в
˵䣬ͷǰԶ޵ʬ壬֪ΪʲôȻɱ˻أֽ˴ǿУвû˿˷ܺϲãֵģ˵ʧ˸С
غʹ޵ʬͻ˹أв˹ֻҪǲ⹥ǻȥ˲ù
̾Ϣһ
ǣ
ңҵǸԿֻ֮Ľ죬ͨͨͷ¶˳ɫ
˻֣м˷޵ʬսȻԶȥʯűߣһȺ˹صսʿ׳ӹ޺ͻصʬ壬һԲսѸԶȥֻƬ̾ʧԶ
¡̼䣬һ죬ʯŴԶϣصĶԨ
ԶĬĬĿһĻʲôû˵
߰ɣ
ܿһŴԶȥ
˹صѾһ䣬Ǵʳ˵黹Զûнû˱ףӴ۹ܹԴɶвȴǳ׵Ļսȵ꣬ӭӴƵĿǼʮǿĴʳӡ
ݣ
ıڿ˦̶졣
ܿԶȥ
Ƭ֮ܿǰϯԪ졢¦ʦǵˡ
ԤϵЩһȻǰĲӣȴûп˹ֵˡ
ô£˹ֺʹʳأ
üͷ
ү˵⣬׷˹ܵ˰˹
¦ʦǴ
˹
üͷһЩ⣬ûмǴĻ˹һʼʱͱˣʹĳִʳѪ֮ˡеĴʳУսġû뵽Ȼʱ֡
ΪǰûʳأҲ֪ʳûԮڵ·ϡҺԪ֮ΪԷһȴ˹һʦȽ׵
¦ʦǹ
й޹սڣʤԶûбҪΪһʱóֵʤʵøʳˡ
Ҳã˹ֺǵȻʵǰ֮ǻۺ;鲻ǿɱ⣬Һ嵽룬ٳҲһ
һԸ֥ڵ
š
Ҳ˵ͷһ͸֥ȫһ¡
߰ɣ˹Ӳ̫ԶҲ̫ʱϢǰٲԶ˹ĻأΣԲܸκδϢ֮ļ
һ


1155 ɺ󽫾
˽ʣ׷ܣɹѧ˹ֺǵΪȫĹײʵرֻѡܡǻָ˹ⳡսûôˡ
ߣ
֥廹Ҫɴ࣬һ£еıŰ˹ֳ˵ķ׷ȥ
ˣǰǺɭˣɭ֣ٹ
Լʮ֮һͻȻӶߴѶһƥɫĴָǰ
ߣûʲô˵ʳߵ·ҲǺ˽⣬ǷѶɲͬΪǺ죬ѶʱȥȻʱЩˣ·ǵòôǴλûǼǵõġ
ণ
˵ʱͻȻ֮һХմһȺ̧ͷֻһֻ޴ӥչ˫ᣬһȦһȦŹͼ֮Ѹתͷһ޴Ļγǰȥ
ˣǰϢɭֵķս
һԣȸջĿ⣬ͻȻǰǰ
ȸġӥȸС顱ѵӥİͬķй켣Ųͬ塣ոֻӥݵľǡǰս
ôܣǰܿǴʳ˵ĵؽ磬ǣʲôܺʹʳ˽ս
ϯԪһڵھȡ
ʳڴʵӹɵģûԺԿпԶвҲѱγʱ˭˹֡
һԾ֥¶˼ɫ
ǣδأ
йâһƺʲôͻȻڵ
˻һ֧ɺ𣿡
һ䣬ͬһ£һ㵣漴ܿ¶˻Ȼɫ
һս֮ǰɺϢͷų˵⡣Щɺ˵ԣֻҪܹ˹սʤ˹֣ӴĴʳӣǾͻɳǿڴʳ˳˵Ĺ;ϣϴƣʳˡ

ʯ֮䣬ԺͻȻֳһͬͷ
ߣ
֥͵һǰʻȥ˽棬ƵľӺƺƵǵسǰĺɭֶȥ
˵ִɭֵıԵҲƬ̵ʱ䣬ʮź׵У˵ķ򼲳۶Щ˵òԼϵףʹʳЩƣȴмĲͬ
Ǻɺˣ
ϯԪ¦ʦһϲ
ɺ˹̻Ƕʱ䣬ԽӴǣһ۾ܱɺ˺׺սĴʳ˻кܴĲ
ǰ󽫾
ھ˻ٲʱһӥĿ߱ǵĺɺˣͻȻɬĴ￪ڵ
Ҿǣ
йâһ֣ܿ
ˣȥԪ٣Ԫ
һߵܿӦȥҲƬ̵ʱ䣬ԪپһƥɫƤë͹⻬ͻӺʻ
֪⣬Ԫٺ庮ܿǰЩɺȻһ漰Է棬Ԫ緢ţ绻һˡ
գֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ԪٱӪ
ˣɺ˵ǵ֪˴˴ʤϢҰպʹ˵ԣںɭϮ˺󳷵Ĵʳӣһ˿ܶ˹ɺ˵ͺķ󽫾ţϣ˹ȥһۣ̺Ըʳ˵ˣ
Ԫһ˷ܵ
ʲô
⻰˴ϲ
̫ˣ
ֻ͸֥࿴һۣ΢΢Щ⡣
ʳȻʵܾĻʿ䵽˹ȵףǱϾұż֧ľӣӵв׵ʵһ֧ӲκԻܵġ
ɺ˿Խǻܣ˳նɱ˵İ˹ʵʵӡ̡
˵ĵ˾ѣɺӦûе⣡
ŤͷһԵĸ֥
ţȥɣʵʣµıҲܹ࣬õɺ˵İѹƴʳӦûкܴ档ǶԴʳ۹ҲϤ򵼣Ҳ˺ܶ鷳
֥˼Ƭ̺
ɺ˻ʱ֣ʵ⣬ǸϢ
ս¡¡ʮɺǰ·͸֥Ŵں󷽸ϣԼս֮ںɭѾսĺɺ˵ľӣ
ֻɭУΨһͨʯ͵䣬ˣǴʳ˵ʬ壬һƥƥսԸ̬ڵϣѪʣ˿֮·ͨȾһѪ·
Щʬ룬һ֧Լ˾ǧ˵ľӣʰо֡
֧ϴŵ׶ǳͳһ׼񣬶͸һһѪյζκһ˿֧ӣܸܵǧζ
ƣʹƵʳ˵ľƣȴӵĺء
ִֻоԶǿĹϾӲеζ

Ժиһͷ
ΪľʼԴԼЧ¶󡣰ǴǧǿĶš
֧һɺǿͻԻͣɺ֮ʮڣ֧ɢĵΪʱľԶ
֧ӣ״ʳ۹ľڣΪʲô֧ɺĲ˼ɵˡ
ЩͷԺѸٷţܿعĿⶨ֧ǰһŽɫսףһƥްսԨsĺɺϡ
ɫ£һ˫ͫѩޱȣյһ㡣ŵսҲˣƥսᣬͨսͣڹٵУĿ
N˹࣡
ûȵ忪ڣٵϵŽɫ׵ĺɺ䣬ŤͷĿڸ֥һӣܿ춨ϡ
ˣλӦþǺɺ˵Ĵ󽫾ͺķѯλ󽫾
Ԫٴʱǰϸ
Ȼˣ
˵ͷͺķ󽫾װ˹Ϊʲôᱻǧ˻ܣ˹Ϊʲôᱻɱˡ
ͺķ󽫾ʵ۷״̬İ˹һ𣬾Ҳ˶٣˫ֻڲ֮䡣
ͺķ󽫾ĸоǿսʬɽѪпսĶ졣
ɺʮǰѾʳˣһĽƣȻͺķ󽫾ɺʱڵԪϽԶԷʵټϰ˹ʵȻĶ֡
Ԫһȥɣ
͸֥˸кܿһǰ
󽫾ˣ
ڰͺķǰͣ΢΢ͷʾ⡣Ԫٺܿ콫˼ȥ


1156 
ϣ
ֻһĽû巴Ӧɺ˵͵س彣˸Ȼ󳤽٣ͬʱĵͷһ֣ء
һĻ壬ȫסˡ
ˣϣܺʹ˽彣ɺһڣ彣ʾ˵ںءɺ˶Լ彣ӣʤǺʹá
ԪһԽ͵
ʮԪ٣Ԫʮ߰Ϳʼ£ǻɺûбʳ˻ԪϴɺϰҲָƣ֪ʽзǷ塣
ԭˣ
ʱҲ׹΢һܿϵȸֳ˫ŵ˹ȥеĴսʿͺɺ˵ĿУ˺ܿ콻彣
䣡
ҲڽɲǣͺķеİԼ˹ȫ˷ܵû
³ǣɺ˹
ʱ򣬰ͺķٴοޱȡ
ͺķ󽫾˵ʳɺĳˣ˻ɱɺ˵ĳ˰ˣɵײʮĴʳɺ˶ԴмֻҪҪԸʳˣɺԸΪʹҳΪڴᶨѡ
Ԫٲϵط
󽫾ˣ
ܿӦ
ɺ˵ľҲšʳ׺ݲбͻΪ֣ӵйͬĵˣҲԸɺ˳ΪᶨѣһԸʳ

仰㹻ˣ
ͺķ۾һ
һ˵ţһԼơ
Ǻǣ
ЦЦֻ֣֣ͬнһ
һɲǣû֪򵥵һǿ֣˴½ᶨĽˣҲ˴ɺһǿҳϣɿѡ

Ͱͺķɿ˫֣ɭϿնЦ
˰ͺķ;ǧలļ룬ʵͺķṩһҪϢ
ɺ˴Ӱ˹õһϢѾʼټ׼ȴ˹ֵ֮͹رոţ׼ƾĳǸǽ˶Կ
ûȥ֪ܲĳǸǽ񣬱֮˹˶١ǳɹڣټǽ䲻ܸ֮κδϢ֮⣬֣Ѿɹ밬˹ں󷽵ıУƿһšǰ˹ѱڵִ֮󣬽гǷĵԣһҪ죬٣
ͺķһ
⣬κʹʳ˽ս֪̻ã
˵󣬰ͺķ͸һĵǡ
Ϊһϴƣɺ˾񾡳һֱİҲͺķ˳֧Ըܵİ˹ֺľӣǴ´࣬һ˹ִټټĴʳӣɺ˽ʧء
֮ڹȥʳ۹ΧܹҴľһֱز¶һټһ¶вأûôˡ
󽫾صģƺʹʳһξֻһսѣǵĿҲֻһڶԿʳ˵УƿԳΪɺᶨĿɽѣһ㽫ȫԷġ
ﲻ֪ͺķͺɺ˵ĵģʱЦһ󣬰
ʳ˵עǴԶĵˣһβʹʹ裬Ԫˣһٴαٳ¡֮ʯ͸¶Ϣһһɽݶһ̶˫һ½ϣͬʱͬӴĵ۹ƾһ㣬Ҳ׳
̫ˣ
ͺķһ˾ǧİǧＲУðôķգΪľŵ
ǾܷģɺǻʶٵǱʳ˻ٳᡣҿϵǣ֯Ͻһɨʳʳ˵ʩб˵ĵˡ˹ɱ˴ʳսײ˶Ը⹲ƽΪ䣬һԿʳ

仰͸֥˻࿴һۣжΪ𶯡һγȻսʤ˴ʳԼҲʧأʮֻʣѡһαֻа˾ǧΪѣҪʳȻڿܹõԶֹôһ㣬֮ϲ
󽫾ãһоͰմ󽫾ļƻɣ
ŤͷŰͺķһ΢Ц
սڣƵıѾǳƣˣʹʳ˵սעճ־áԭƬ̣ʳ˰ٴ·٣һ֧ûκεͣɭ֣һ·ķȥ
Լһʱ֮һƬӴĳǳظƣɽһͣԾ
øߴĳǳأ
ҵüΰĳǳأƤ
˹֮Ѿǳˣǳر˹֮ǻҪӴ׳۵öࡣǧĺʵǽһ·ӵֻԶԶһۣ֪ǳرض˹֮ǻҪԹơ
ҵңǧϯԪ졢¦ʦǣѦǧˣ¶ͬɫȻʳ˵Ҳ˼ӡ
ʼ
ԶԶأͺķƥް޴սϣŸ߸ߵĳǽϣһ졣һ̣¡ĿУһʮ׸ߵľ޴ţͻȻ֮仺򿪣¶һͨڵͨ
Ŵ򿪣жһʯʱɲ١
ɱ
ϵһ尲ڰڱϣȻͰͺķǱĽֱָ񷣬󺮹⡣¡¡һ̣ɽѣ֧ͽ糱ˮƺƵڳɱȥ

ǵ£ӹ̳ǷѸǷȫһ飬ÿŶҪ֣פسŵıҪﵽԭı屶Ǹǽ⽫ǶԿ˵ҪֶΡֻҪǳأһ꣬˶ѹơ
ڣ˹Բȥɫһ˿εĽǡϸȥᷢвѪ˿
˹һսʳӭǰδеĴҰܡսľش˹ͺķɱҪǣսܶײ֣֮һսʮĴʳĲҰܣֻһκһλʳܶͷƤ顣
˹ֵڶ֪λȥָȥʢŭĹ﷢¡
ǣĩȥ졣
ǵ´ʱҲ磬ʮ𼱡


1157 
һΣ˵Ĵʳǻ̻ɥ֮Ȯˡһ·˹սϵھۼڰ˹ֺǵߵĲͲ֮ǡǵļ̶̳ȣǵжʱࡣ
٣ǳأܹѵõĴϢ֮

ǵ¸ո߳û߳´ͻȻоʹһ󼱴ٵ
һȻףͿһʳɫ԰ףһŲĴ洳˽
ĵڶű˹ƣɺ˴Ѿɱڡ
һ´꣬·һ㡣
ʲô
仰˹ֺǵ»ȡ
ôܣأô飬ΪʲôǰһϢûյôӴĴѵûһ˿
ǵԲ۾š˵ľӣôĴĿ꣬Ϲӣ򲻿ܿǰоϢûС
ˣ򲿶ѾϢˣǻûп´ͱɺǱڳڵĸִɱɺڳڵļϸڵݻ𡢴ɱ壬һƬҡˣǸϿ쳷ɣ
˵һ
һ仰Ȼֻȼ֣ڰ˹ֺǵµĶУȴһ£ɫ԰˲١һ䡰ˣǸϿ쳷ɡԶɺֹڸ˵ĳҪ
ˣ˹ֺǵ»ָ󣬻ԺƴһսǾʿɢˣ㰬˹ֺǵ¹Ҳ졣
ײǰսһ̣ڴĴױȵģڵĴѾҺƾսˡ

ЩͷԺзӶţ˹죬ͷݶ̲סһ̾ϢһΣǿûκη̵ϣˡ
ȫˣǾ˰ɣ
˹͸¶ĲʣˣҲˡ
ǵһԣͬɫӣб仯
ĩ
ڣǵ̤˾´
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬ӶеĴʳӣưˣŸңԶĺɺ۶ȥ

ʲô˹ֺǵô𣿡
УõϢЦһ
ұΪһսڿȫˡǣҵдţһ⴫󷽰صķⳣ壬ɾֳǷһŸ͢սѾĹҪ͢ˡ
˹Ѿ٣ƶԿʳõͷͱһռ򣬼ʹֻıҲܹʳ࿹⡣
ˣһƽû̫ĳǷ˹û㹻ļǹأһɺ˳ƽΧ˴ʳսûᣡ
һԱߴͺķ
ţ˵ȫ׷
ͷɺΪ򵼺Ӧ׷ĹУֱˮû̫ѹ
Ƭ֮һսǧϺɺפغ֧ƺƵڰ˹ֵĺ󷽣׷ɱȥ
һ·ϣ˹ʤײսϢɺʳĶһƬ𶯣ʳȵһƬ
ƾŰͺķԼЭѩһԽԽ뵽˴Ƶľ֮С
ʱ¼ɺ˵ľӣܹҲˣһ·ȥܿ;ۼʮ֧Ծ˵ٶӡѾۼʮ֧ͬʮƼƵ
˹ֱһս֮ǵȵ߾ۼ˶ʮͳûлˡ
ʳǰɱʳĶԹڡʳ˱ǿ׳ѹȫֵʱల£һȵµս֣߳رǴʳ˹ҰܣеĲԹޣҲ˴
ڰ˹ֵİܾһ·׷ɱʱط˹ʤϢ½еĵ۹ҲҲȻķ仯


һֻŸңԶǧɽˮ뵽ңԶİС˹սʤϢעⳡսĵ۹׷𾪵Ŀɿڴ
ʮʮôıƾȻʤˣ˼飡
ԶԶأڱ½Ĺһ룬׳˶Ӱ͵վ˫ͭ¶ȵ𾪡
ʳʹⳡսͬ籩һϯĹǽͷݰҡڣڳƻǴʳйȶڲ²˭ʤߣ½Ȼڴʳ
Σʮľײ˹֡˹ǿôӦʧܡʵ˱½£Ⱥһ׺ݵĶ⡣
׼ƽ䱦ʮ˰ţͷҹ͵شʤ
½ڴϣͬʨӰһСڽŲֱӱһ˴
ͱ½ͬʱ˿̣СɴʱȴһƬܡ
Ҿ֪һƹȻʤˣ
λСɵĹʱõϢȫۼһһףشĺϢ
һδСԸ߰ļ۸һǧìȻЩìⳡսȫսǴʤˣСɻ˾޴ͶʻرƾʤСɾôǷԼһ޴飬պ򣬴СɱóҲõ˹صѹ֡
սǰǧìȻʧôȷʵʹǴСìѵѵһìҲֻʱ⡣
ⳡʤп񻶵ĻԶֹСɣЩִ֧ƵͬμսĹӶ䡣
ӮˣʤˣҲʤˣδʳߵˣ
򣬴ϵӶбƹӶμ˹֮սĲ䣬һȫ
ʤ˱ҳ£βμ˹֮սĸӶսʿȫ⣬ǶںصĲ˵Щѹǹؼֻһ㣬ЩӢµսʿǣսʱǷվʤߵһࡣ
Ȼս˲ٵսʿҲζŴĸ𽫻սӵЩǮټϴƵĿ϶ͷֲǲպչ׳
Ϊ˲䣬˶ǿģսһսʿõĹޡ
вŷĵ
鷳ˣ
μ˹֮սĸһƬ˷ܹʱ򣬾밲ʮĵطһ۵͵һѳ֣ݺ˦˵ϡ


1158 𵴾ʦ
Щʳ̫ûˣ֪ǻƣûҪΪǵӬͷСˡ
󶼻ļʱ򣬲в䶼Ӧв񰢶˴ʳ˵Ľ¸ҸѹӶͬʱ˷ˣҵĲ䡣
ս˻νԴӴʳôġս𡱡ڣʳսܣ䶨ҪԴŭº׼
죬ô죿˵λǷǳǣ
һԣһĹǸɫ԰ףꡣ
󶼻ʱ̣ܶ׹ΪһԿ˲䣬λͳ˧ԱΪɣ˲䣬ʹʳ˵սУֻɱʮĴʳˡ飬ɱ޴󽫡
û˸󣬵ȵʦˣȴЩĻʲô³
û취ˣֽͱȥ˰ϻƽȥطⳣ˵ҲǱʳ˱ƵģΣǴҪʹԡ
۵İ˵ţͻȻҧҧ
⣬ٸʮͷţһˣټʮʳ͹ŮⳣǱ߲ͬ⣬ֻԶݱȥЩ̵ıĿຮ֮ˡ˵Щ˵ҰˣʱǿⲻҪսˡ
ǣ

ͬ򲻶Ϸ˹ĴʤеĲ䡣ǰͬһδƴ˴˹ǿĴʳ۹֤Լ½ϵһʵ
йȶ½ϵǿ۹ľη

ʱ˿̣˷ܵĪҶǣغ󷽵ķⳣˡ
ӮˣӮˣˣҾ֪һ῭
ⳣڴϿıǷ͸֥ż㣬üɫ衣űż㱻ٿᡣ

˷ϲ¾ˬڷⳣ尮֣һ鷭żʱͻȻ֮һ洫գ֮䣬ŵŵŵŵĽŲһĴѸٿ첽˽
ˣ֧˲飬ף˹ȡôݣ⻹ϻƽţͷ˰и觡
⣬ţʮͷ
貿⻹֬ɵǧö
ͶﲿʮöƷҹ飬սһƥƽشʤ
ʦǰƽ˿ƥǧԣ
ֹƽ

ϥڵϣе˳һ
ⳣڴϷһ΢ЦЦ춼Ҫϲ£ˡЩвٶǴƵѣͻƽ˵ģ󲿷ֶⳡҡҰڣʹʳһġⳣ岢⣬սѾôΪӮȡ棬ǲøɵġ
ƽţͷһ٣㶫ӹһ٣ʹ˽ҹôܣҲǶѪμסǾԶסѵ
ⳣ΢۾ʳָ΢΢ߵűĽ֣˲Ϣ䣬Ժöȫ̵ļƻ
ٴļټӶʮ֮һפҵҪЩȺͲҲӦС⣬Ҵһţ͸󷽵ٹҪ˳ռȴʳأٲİ
ⳣ
ǣ

֮ĵڶֻŸͷԽؿռ䣬˿֮·˴ƾʦ֮С
¡
һʯǧˣ˹ʤϢ볯͢͢ĳ佫֮ǰйķ磬ǵƻʤɹսʤĵң˶Ϊ֮ܲѡ
ӮˣȻӮˣ֪һʧģֻҪڣƺγ߻ƽ
õϢ緢ü
һս֧Ԯ˹֪˶ѹһжѾȥҪǣһǰδеĴʤ˽һĴҲٴ֤ʶ飬ûпˡ
쵰ô۹󽫶ɱСӳɾ𣡡
õϢո߳ʹ̲סһһȭҳҳɷ顣
ھʵôȤΨһֻȨѣֻҪңֻҪرǸСڣԶԸӹȥڣѾҺĹȴȫʮСƻˡ
ᣬȴѳеĸ֮һ֮սʥʶ裬ӹٽʷϵһʮͳ󶼻ټⳡʤȥһ·ӹٽǲܣоĪв

ʹϣµķУһͣŴ򿪣Ĵب˳˷ϲ¾ˬڵب۾ѩɫ󣬾ͺ˾һ۽βסЦ⣬¶ʱ顣
ֶ̣ʮʮ򣬴ƴʳ˹ءͻ£ܵ˵𾴡ب󲮵Ҳɡ
ߣȥүӣҪϢԸ
ب
һ·ţӹ֣ݵĴȥبû߽洫һЦүӵĴЦԵĿ
بãǺ˹ʤȻƺͱ¶һһ
һϻӴϴŹһϷبŸһżŹͳ֡
بѵ㸸ˣúúһɣ
ϷͷȺͣҲԱк
Źһ̫ãϷһϽƣȴһ̬ƣب㡣
بʼͷˮүôô֪ϢǵүǸԼӰŤͷبʱһȻ
Ҷϣ
بѿڶѹ֣Ҷڣѹүô֪Ϣ

ب΢΢һЦһۣܿڰС˵ķ£ϵһСɱλߵľƱصһ
Ϊ
Ϊƣ

飡
ͬʱϣ𾴵ոţһȽյĴȻ򿪣һ˾Сһż㣬һ·дŷɱ˽ȥ
ʦ˹ݣʦִʤˣʦִʤˣ
С˷ܵͨ죬һֻЬܵ˶ûע⡣Ŀһ·ոǼɫȴ΢΢ԳһЩƾɵۡȥ
վס
ھǼۡʮಽʱͻȻһ϶ϵȣһ洫˳Сһͣ˽Ų
ҲǸ߹Ϊߣ̩ɽǰɫ䣬һССıսѣסӡ
ǲϵޱȡ


1159 ҫӷ⣡
ǣֲͨսʦֵսʮʮٶԶĴʤ
СͷƲ죬ʮָţ۾ԼĽż⣬ĹĵĲ
㻹Ҷ죡
ŭ

С᲻ϸţ΢š
СᣬˣҪʦ죬ʦֵ飬ʦ֪ˡ㻹ǸϽȥɡ
ʱһӽյۡڴȻͬҲûôǿϡ
֪ˣ
Сͷ˸Ⱦܡ
С᲻֪ŽյۡڣϵĿıӰþòջء
裬̫ˣһսѣ̫סˡܹͳ˳ᢣķ
һ̫ʦϣɨһԵˣ
֮˳ᢣǣǧǧʿһգν֮²ɲ죬ξһϽСҲˡ
Ǻǣ˶α˿̣Ͼǰ˾Сӡң˵²ǺӼ̳𣿡
һԣ˷һ΢Ц
㡭
һʱȻ˵ȥ
һЦ˴뱲ӣе뷨ˡȻϣѰ嵱Լ״ӡҪȻҲ˾ľѲְ֮ѵǧ
ֻϴ϶ѡ
⺢ӳҪ軵û취
һλʮˣȻŤͷϵľƱľҺһ
һԲֻǵЦԽԽŨˣϵİ״ɾƺɫĸٴϡ
ƽȵľƲıѾڰ˴θˣһԼûз֡Ȼһֱ赭дһͨͨսǹǷʵκ˶Ҫϲá
ϵľƺף˲ɫԱһĻϣϡ
ôõʱ䣬ѾܾûôˡرǸгĺӺϵЦݾԽԽˣ÷иеοѡ

˹ϢھʦӰ컹ڽһ
ৣৣ
һŻʰڴƾʦĸſڣϸ¶ʦҲŷˡ
˵ʲôţת£ɨĵңǴʢġ
ʮʮλһս񰡣սҲֻ̫ٱãһľԱˣ
ǾŹ֮һ֮ţǴҳӦʥʺͳ͢һţ
ûһȥʥʣһţ

ŵĸطȺ֪þ޼֡ңʦе嶼£˹ֹˣʦľ¥ݿջֻҪȺۼĵط̸۵ȫⳡ˹Ĳս
ǴţһԺޱȡ
׷ӷŵ飬ʼǰۣǺеĹԱΪȻ׷׽࣬γһɾ޴ģݺӵеȫ㼯˻ʹʥС
ʹ֮УڻʹһɫĴ£ͬſľһڻʹߴʦ
̫Ǵʥӵĵط
εĿ꣬Զôƽ·еķ籩޷
£˹ݣǺӹȻûйµĺ񰮣Ѿɭ֣ռһ·˿֮·յɺȥƬĵ֮أѷ׷ΪҴƵĹµİͼҲŴӡǰδеĴʢ£ڳ͢ҪҼӷԽԽߣūѾռ˼ٷˡ
⣬ʿ߹˫£Уһշ㣬Це
£ӷͬСɣӸڱ¿ʼ͢Ѿʮûмӷκˡһӷ⣬൱˵ƣܻγµĳ͢
͢һٶĳضҽмӷ⡢ãԭΪ
ľЩüӷңѳնΪ͢Ļڵʱû֣ϣҲϵõ֤
һ䲻֪ǻҼ̳˸ļ¼ңֹˣΪټӷ⣬ʹüӷⱾӵ˺ĺ塣
ڴУ˻ʵ۵ر裬ڶ̶ʱڣΧЩӷңѸγһӴӾ˳͢ĵҲƻԭеƽ⡣
ǳ͢Լӷ飬Ϊʲô˽ԭ
Ⲣ˵Ͳܼӷ⣬ǶԻҼģȫҲſԻ١
ڣĵģһʱһ㣬û֪ʥʴ˿ʲô
£ūؾɡ
ʿĬƬ̵
ȻǣԸǿҵʱ͢󳼶뵽У͢ҪؾĻҲ̫ѵ飬ҳؾҲǳǧֶαˡ
ˣ
Ƭ֮һϵȫȨĴд
׼࣡
仰ʿ͵̧ͷǲ˼顣
ʥһǵһӷңҦ磬Ҧүܵʥ˳ңڳҰ֮ӵ˴Ӱ죬ҦҶûл١
Ҽӷ⣬Ҫںܳһʱڣ͢ӰպƸ֡
ǣū
ܿ죬ʿͷתȥ

¡
ʥ̶׷ӷţƣȻ󲨡
裡ǺεȵĶ谡ȻһƬڣرЩϣҼӷ˸ǻ裬ڳеķӦȴֽȻͬ벻ʥʶҵĺѾﵽֵز
ϣһʷõϢ𾪵˫ĿԲš

ʹ湬С
ãûУҽݵôңǺεȵҫȻ⹬ͬ޸ƼֻҪܺҵ֧֣Ժ⳯ҰʯƽƽΪƵĵ
ȴŰɫźɫͷƮƮѧʿģ˽ȻѧϰЩ˵ģվǲֻ֣˼ͻָԭıɫϲɫŴе̫Ҵ˹ȥ
磬һһ飡
ʸһֻ֬˳̫ԱһλŮվ˳
ʱ̫ҲϲɫȻԼóȶʦ£Լе̲һڶķ֮˰Ϊ˶Ǯȥ֣ʵʧ͸
̴뾩ʦôãվһ¡
˵ģдƽף̫Ҳ˷ŹȺǽֵܣ˫ϵУһɡҵ֧֣Ժ⹬кͳҰ£Ҳ޿
ˣȥ£ҪԳݷңȥλϷˣ



1160 ڽ
һƬ裬˹ʤϲʱңԶģ˹ضǣһ¶л졣
ͨ˹ص᫵ĵ·ϣһ֧ǧ˵İܾѿ׼ףʿͳĵ·ϻǰС֧м䣬һ˰ɫţս죬ĿǻɣҰ֧˹սĲӡ
һ·ʯųˣͬ·̣ɣҰ㻨ʱ䡣
˹սѾϢѴԼܱߵһ·дССĹȣճţ֧оܽ¶Եĵ⡣
ǰոճݶʢʱЩС˶˹أɣҰѴӵأЩС
ڵ֧󽫾⣬ʣ¼ǧ˵ľӹӲд޷Щع·ϵĴСκв
ܶʱΪ˱һЩͻɣҰòƿԶľ룬ĳֱǰδС
һЩɣҰѾȫˡ
࣬Ҫ˶ãǾͿԻص˹ˣ
ǰ˹ظԭߣɣҰعͷԼƥսϣޡغͶç֧ʬ壬įޱȡ
ȥʱЦ̣׳ڶߡʮƺƵ޵еĶʢݣաת˲䣬еһɢֻʣһˣǧбܽ
뵽˴ɣҰҲ¶һ˿еɫǺܿ죬ɣҰͶסڵһжѲںˣֻʣһͷζҪǵʬͻظԭ
쿴ǰ棡
һ˳ڱеʱ򣬶ͻȻһ󾪺һ˹ʿָǰͻȻ
ɣҰд㵣ʶ̧ͷȥʼʱһ㵣Ǻܿ죬ԶƵ˹ظԭϣֻһ֧飬ԶԶȥϸϡ
ͻˣ
ɣҰƤһͺʲô̼һ̧ͷࡣ
ͬʱԭ֧ϢľҲ֧³ֵĴǸ߸Ʈ׽ս£һߴӰսǰ۳˼ͣ
ˣ˹ˣҲˣ
һͻȻӶߴjһӺŸԭ»ɣҰķ
˼ɫ԰ףϢ΢Ŀӹؿռ䣬ͰɫţսµĻɣҰĿײһһɲǣɣҰĿȻһŭ𣬶˼򲻽΢΢ЩΡ
˹֮սҪĹͷ˼һƣŵõͷȥȫѾڲˣ飬Զ˼Ǵ󽫾˵ζһܶ顣
ɣҰ˹ˣ˼βΡ
ֻһɲ˼ŤͷӻɣҰӹܿ䵽˴ޡغͶç֧˵ʬϡ
һɲ˼ɫӣоԳһֱС
Ȼ˹˵ʱ䲢ãܶʱ˫֮仹ƣȻޡءç֧Ǳɱ˼ͻʴͬˡ
һɲǣ˼ûд
󽫾֮ǰҪȥǼһ𣿡
j͵
ˣ
˼ҡҡͷܿͻָ
˹֮սѾǺ˹˵ҲѾڣӴԺǶҪΪսһǿĴƣԼʱܵı˫֮ѾûټıҪˡ
ͬʱͬĶԻҲڸԭ˹صĲб֮С
ûκͣ˼תͷŲо·Զȥ
ͬʱɣҰҲŴȻҲǳŸԭȥȴŽȻͬһ֧ӾδʶһӴڽ

ͬʱ뾩ʦ֮ңĺɺأʱ˿̣˿֮·еյվݲݺ˪º
ںɺݲУǧս飬ãã纣ڴϡУһ˾޴צӭչΧ岼һ˸ֱָƾӣʮܼƶʮǿ׳ȫںɺĳǰһƬɱ
ˣһжѾ׼
սգͺķ󽫾ƥްսӺߵ
ţ
˵ͷ漴̧ͷǰΰأͭǽڰĺɺ
ֻ߸ߵĳǳϣɫĴʳս첼ǽĴʳʿۼڳǳϷЩʳʿ룬˹ֺǵ²ϵϢ籩ͷųͨ쳹أͶʮ˴ңңš
˹֣ǵ£ǿǵôˣ
ޱȣϷ
һ·׷ҹ̣˹ԴϢ֮һУ˹һ·ӵɺ֮߰ڻǻָ˹ƾŴʳսѪܶ壬ټ˲ٵźɺĳǸǽ񣬺ʹ࿹⡣
ܰ˹θ翹һжѾˡԴƵĶΪģļʮܰ˹εĲʣѾˡ
ѳɣڵĴʳѾûпԿĵ֡
壬˵棬ʳûͶĽҲûвսľӣ㾡ܷɣ
˹ɽͰڳǽϣɫᶨ
壬㲻ҪˣɺеĳţѾȫ֣ԲˣжʮΣɺƣ
ͬʱǵҲڸ߸ߵĳǽϿڵ
ɺǵɺڣ꼸ʮʳըʱ䣬ûܹɺΪЩ̵ĳǽںʳ֣ܶͬʱɳ˾޾ţƾЩӴͺͿֲĻմƳǽɺ
ս֮еĳǽѾõݣҴʳɺԭеĻϣЩǽ˼Ӹ߼ӹ̣ȻжʮԹǵˮƽ˵ԶԶ
˹˹ӵʮ¶ûйص˹֮ǡ˵ڵıȰ˹ֵҪٵöࡣ
׼翹սˣ
΢΢Цڰ˹ֺǵµķӦһ㶼⣺
ȻˣҾͳȫǰɣ
Ļ߸ߵĺɺǽϣ˹ֺǵƤһɺĳǽ⻬ޱȣ˲Ϊıܹ֮ƣźʹݣʵ˼䲻
壬ʲô˼
ǵ̲ס
Ǻǡ
΢΢һЦûǽϵǵ¡ڴˣɲΪ˺Ͱ˹ֺǵ¡Գġ
ͺķ󽫾׼˾Ϳʼɡ
ŤͷһԵİͺķ
ף
ͺķɫ£˵ͷѸٳһ˸ơܿ죬ȥ


1161 
һ֮תͷ΢۾Ÿ߸ߺɺǽϵЦ
˹֣ǵ£ѾǻˣȻǲԸͶҾͳȫǣǳع
˵ⷬͱ۾һĶʮҲܰ㶨û˿жȻԽˣԽóǽϵвû֪ĺ«ʲôҩ
ǵ£ȷһ飬ԲݣŸһɽϣֻҪɺ˿һɸɱۣ⣬Ϣ͵͸ǵԮʲôʱ򵽴
˹һԵǵµ
ɺѾʳڶŻһɺʧأͻвʳĵ۶͸֮಻ǧ๫ʱͿԵִ¡ڴʳ۹źʷϣǵһα˱Ƶ˽ľ롣
˹֮ûмһ·ӣפںɺΪԭ
ѾȷϹˣеĳŶرأԲ⡣ϢҲѾ͵͸ڶеĹһƬҡ
⣬֮ǰս޵ıսײıټǵı۹ڶ벿ıȫһաڸޱãȻܶͱǶʱڸϲıҲҪµʱ䣬ұҲ࣬ϵˣҲǵĶ֡
ǵ³˵ʱĿⲻӹɽҰĴơɺɵĶʮÿһΣǵ¶һִĿĵĸо
ʳʼսʱǻֻʮһսڣǵıûм٣ԽԽ࣬ﵽ˽ӽʮľ֧֡ȫʵǷһڳ£ɱڣľѡ
˹ǰѰŵһνŴƵ׷㣬Ӹ˳ǰ˹ֺǵ֮ǰû뵽ġ
ǵµĻ˹гزѡʱ˿ֻ̣Լˡ
ΨһİǣֻҪŲ£ͻʱȴԮ
ԣ
ųĴͻȻ˹ֵƤڤڤУһͷѸԺ
йŹ֣һʲôûע⵽飬ǵ£ȥŲһ£ֻҪֺɺ˵ļϸȫһɸɱ
˹ѾǲľԱɴɱɷŹɺϵ̫ˣʧأһҲˡ
ǴˣҪռɺֻܹƳǽڳǵƿУôǻļɺڳлмϸҲԺǣѵǻܴɣ
ǵ̲ס

ǵһ仰˹ƤڤڤУץʲôһʱһɲǣʱ䶼·ֹ
ڰ˹־ֹϸ˼ʱͻȻԶԶأںɺǵĶϷͻȻһ춯صľ죬һɲǣ֪ٱһ𷢳ĺɱ
ˣ
ɱ˹ֻ֪꣬ﲻˣЩ˻һȴδزԡƵض
˶Ȼز죬ʱҲûпڵصôӴĵͨɺ˾δˡҪǣǰɺ

һɲǣ˹ɫ䣬ԭɫʱѿޱȣ֪Լǵ͹ˡ
ȻȰ˹Ӧһ̣һźӳ⴫ԭһֱûжĶʮͻȻɱ졣˵ĿУһܼӴĽеͻȻӺ
䣡
֮УպɽֱһӣЩ֮ҴҸơĽеУһ֧֧êӳĽƿնųͷϷȥֻգۼ䣬һ֧֧êһεͷϡ

֮е·ϣƳеȻʱִ٣ΪľĴʦ֮ڶʱڸƳ൱ķ
ֶṹ򵥣ֻҪǿĵԺѣһ͸󳵰ص֮˵Ͳʲô⡣ȥЩҪĸӽṹ±Ĳ֣ЩҲͳ¯ˡ
ϣ׼ǣ
һ£ʿʱԳɶɰ㣬ЩųͷԮȥ
ȫǣ
ϣһĽͺķ͵سǱëϷȸֱֳָ񷡣
ǧలѾ͵͵ŵɺͨ˺ɺС
ĺɺҺͰӴʳ˵ʧӰ١ڣҲ˺ɺ˷ʳҪߡ
ɱ
ֹǣ
ЩêնԲ

߸ߵĳ¥ϣʳһƬңȫж׷Щ
죡
һŭ쳹ʣ˹ֿһĻŭӣ䣬һһӴī͵شڱϣʮķֱӱ˹˷顣
˹֣ð׷ˣһս䶨ˣ
ʱһЦδ䣬һ̤ھУĻΪһɫľϣźɺͷķ򣬼ȥ

ʱգԲͬΪʩչͬʽرȫͬնɺĳǽƣǧ𣬸ֱӷȥʩչȫһ
飬ڵһЪٶȷŻɲǣҽűһ̤ʱһۿɼĿƣ±ŷɷ֮ٴλΪɫϡһΣΣΡֻ˲Ϣ䣬û˷ӦѾѸٳ˺ɺ߸ߵĳǽԵ
컯
ɫ쳹ʡͬһʱ䣬һɱ̫Ҫҫ۵Ĺâڱգ֮䣬ͻΪ˺ɺһ־޴ĺɫա

ҫ۵ľ޴ɫոһ֣һҽ
ͷϣһʳʿӦ£ѪȫѪҺʱƿն׷͸ëףӿķ򡣶ʮڷĴʳʿ˲䱻ѪѪή˵ڵء
컯Ӱ죬Զֹˡ
ˣСģ
ͬһʱ䣬ǵµľ𡣼ǵ¼ֿѪ컯Ӱ£ɲܿƵس⡣
˹ּͬˡ
ͻƵ۹󽫼һ·ͻͽﵽ۷۹佫ľ磬ʵʱǵһŵĵزڸ书ӦãҲѼڴ컯պ⣬еǿΪ֮˹ֺǵѾָ˴󲿷ֵĹǰƥС

˹Ƥֵ̫ˣǰ󲻹Ѿ˳ͷ

˹ֻۣһ㣬Űеݺȥһ֣߳һ߼ȥ
¡𵴣һһҵײһ𣬱֮ײǹӴҲ˲ʧڰ˹ֵǿѹ£һ׹ȥ


1162 ɱǵ£
˹֣ûõģײѾսΪ㻹ܺҷͥ𣡡
һԲʮڣ𵴣еĿ¾ҵӿҲ˲һӴסɺصĳǽӣųͷȥ

û˿ԥ˲ʩչŴ컯ǿѧһɲǣһƬţеĹȫŤԶԶȥɺͷ·һƬȵĺڰڰ̺ȴֲĻ
ã
ֻһȣʯ䣬˹֡ǵ»˫˫¶һּ𺳵ɫ
֮
˹Ī֮ŭ
ʯ䣬־ŭʩչǿľѧ
¡
ӴĺصײһɲǼ䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬ҽУ˹ֺǵ·׷߷ݰ˳ȥͬʱһ˶ʱһ㣬Խǽڰһۣǽͷ
ŵŵţһĽŲУھ޴ķ£İ˹ֽ˳߲סΡ
Զĵطۣǵؿһ͵һѪɫ԰ף̧ͷħһ㽵٣ڳͷϵ壬жʱ͸һ˿ɫ֪ǿû뵽Ѿǿֵز־ȻĶ֡
ôܣһôڶ̶ʱͻͽչֵزû˿һӵ˿µʵ
ǵ¸ʹһƬҡӸոͻƵ۹󽫾磬һֱ۷壬޲Ǿ£ʱ䣬ֻڶ̶̵ʱڣֻм־˵ı仯
ڻ룬ǵȻоޱȡ
һУ˸оһľ
˹֣ǵ£һжѾˣǵյ㣡ɣ
Ŀ쳹ʡ
һս򰬲˹ֶΪʳڴƵ̰𣬶վҲҪϽ
¡
û˿ԥһӴ纣һ㣬ƿն˲һΪĸìһ㣬ģͬʱ밬˹ֺǵµԺܵŵɲǣպ¹⻷𵴣ڰĽɫӿȣһǵأɽХƿնŰ˹ֺǵͬʱȥ
꣬һûʵ˽£ʵĳǽݣѿһ϶ӴĺɺǣҲ˵ȫܲסµһ
ߣ
°˹ֺǵ£һҲ׷ױɫչֵʵȫԽˣһ˾
飡
˹һ˿ᶨɫһºݺһ̤ʱЮһɿ񱩵ȥ˹ָոճ֣бһ͵ײ˹һ˹ֺݺݵ˳ȥ
ˣߣס
ûȰ˹ַӦǵѾ͵س˹ȥ˫ͨ죬Ѫ˿ϸֳһȻȻɫ
Ӳ˵ģսԶȰ˹أǵ֪ܣڵܴĸʣǳС
ײˣˣ˹ˣΪٵİ˹Ҳսˣô﷢±ѡֻܽնɱΪսܶᡣ
ˣǲսʮ꣬һֱչˣξչˡɡ٣ˣлΪҺײǱ𣡡
Хǵͷ趯ǰ壬ȭͷһ͵ս
ˣɣҺһս
ǵһû˿ԥһףö֮ǧɫĺͬһ㣬˷ϯȥ

һ
Ͻ𵴣󺣳ĺֻһǵµĹ꣬û˷ӦѾָǯһ㣬εסǵµĲӣסȫͬʱĽӵ
ǵֳִ֮Ϸʵͻ̫ĳǧ࣬߰ǰ廹ûͻƵ۹󽫣ǵºһս֮ǵҪ⣬ֱɡ
ȻԤϣҪƣеǵ£ܲˣƺܲϵΣֻþȫһ˺ѷεĴ
ˣ߰
һ羪ը˵꣬嶼΢΢һû뵽ս׺ݡбƵĴʳˣȻҲǵˣͷĲԼǰ˹֣ȫԼ֮⡣
ۣ
Хʮ⣬˹ֱҪͻȻ֮һȫмɲ
ǵ£
˹ݶҪҧˡ
ߣ
ǵ
ɱ
ʱ򣬺ɱ죬밬˹ֲԶĵطӰһһƵսʿŷһϳͷԽԽ˳˳ǽ
ҳ棡򿪳ţ
ͬʱɺһƬɧңײڶԽԽĺɺͨصСʳһֱѰİǧలʱȴһȫ벻ķʽ˰˹ǰѸųųɱ
˹Ŀ֥ǧа˵Ҳ
ȥ
һɲǰ˹ףԸ⻹ǲԸ⣬ǲɺǶѾעơ

˹ѪҲ̲סһ׳ŭ
壬֥֮ĶԹһ죬һٳ£̤㵽ԭĴأ
δ䣬˹͵һݣ³ǽ㳯ԶӶȥһ˹ֺ󣬷˹һֱƷʮɿ⣬廹δ׹أһµİؼףķѣƬ
ߣ˹֣㲻ֻģ
Цһ컯ͬʱһǵµĲӣЩƵĵˣû˿ΪߣҪʧܣ۵׼˹ЩֻǱƵ˾ѣ˻ʤǵʱ˿һòȴƵľͿ̿ʧǧĲҾ硣
ͬˣǶԼ̣ǵ£·ɣ˹ֺܿͻģ
忴һ۵ǵµʬ壬
һƣܿһӴƵʿŸ߸ߵĳǽ£źɺĳŶȥԶʮ͵һҲųŶ¡Ƭ֮һ춯صľ죬ɺ֮Ǹߴ̵ĳŻ򿪡
ɺʽˣ
ôҪ׷𣿡
ӿ֥һУӺĿŰ˹ߵķ


1163 ս
ˣ
͸֥źɺڣϴӸŨ̹
˹ˣһҪܣǳôǺҵģһҪǵĲսǻɱĳˣҪսȫֵˡ̽Ҹ˵Ƿ׼𣿡
׼ˡʦ׽ʣʱͨЩʳ͵͸ȥ
һǧڳͷһ㣬ѸٴӺ󷽸
Ĵ󽫣ǵԶһսʤܣ忼ǵĲֻսϵ飬սսȫ֣Ұ͸Ƭ½ϵĵ۹ȻʧɫҲǳǧԭ
ܿӿ룬û˰˹ֺǵµפأͱٶȣԶκʱҪöࡣӴ򿪳ţ룬ǰֻʱʹ׵Ľӹˣ˿֮·ĩ˵ľ
ǵ׸˹𣿡
ɺǵ࣬߸ߵĳǽϣ塢֥ǧҵԪٺͰͺķΰĳǽˡפںɺǶߵĳǽϣȥһ۾Ϳ˺ɺ£Զһ޴ĺӿ
ʮɿ֪Ȼˮļȴûеôǡ
Уһμʶԭɺ֮һһ׸˹ӣһ׷׺ӡ
ɺĸԴҲʳ۹Ҫĺ
ֻǵ׸˹ӵ֧ӵɱڿĻҪΰɺܹǧʷΪ֮ǿĹңΪӣѾȫ䵽˴ʳ۹Со˰ɺ˶벻ÿ겻֪жٲƸѹΣ˴ʳ˵Ĺ֮С
ͺķп
ĬĬţԺһЩͷֹܿƽ
ʷеѾ˲Сı仯УɺⲢûе׸˹ӵ֧ĿʹʳĺͣƬ̧̣ͷĿ޾ԶӹصĿռ䣬һӴĶǣ½ΡȨĻ;ġ
͸
ԺѸٵһͷ
˹Ҫ˹ռ򣬱ٳ£ʶԭȻݵǣ󣬰˹ֲûܹƳԼһ·ʳ˿֮·ִ˺ɺ˿֮·ĩ˵ĳС
̽ʼɣ
忴ǰͷҲص
ǣ
ǧ䣬Ƭ֮󣬻һֻʳܿһ·ؿռ䣬Ŵʳ۹͸ȥ
ǧٶ๫ѾǺܽľˡ
ӺɺԽ׸˹Ӻ׷׺ӣһ·һǧٶ๫ʳ۹ĺڡ
ǳΰһԲֱָܼ֣񷡣ССĵطۼ˴ıգãáĻζ䷢
ǰ͸ʳ۹Ӵġ
ӵһ֣ҹǡ֮УҹףҹͣųƲҹǡ
ণ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ঴ӿдڰ͸Ͽգһֻ޴Ĵʳչ˫ᣬëӣһֻ˰͸ߴĻʹ֮С
¡
Ȼ˭Ҳֻ֪ʳʹ֮ʱʱһʯ׹䣬۹֮ɲ
ˣ
ڰ͸ߴĽ𶥻ʹУŭ쳹ʳܶ佫׷׹ڵأѡ
ڴߴһŻƽıϣʳ۹Ĺ﷢ķŰɫ˿ۣŻƽڣ˫Ŀ֮Ļ档
Ϊʳ۹ľķųʳ۹ʷΰľʳ۹ϣ˶۹İͼǱչԸӵĵزﵽǰδеǿʢ״̬
࣬԰ƵľǿţȫʱΪ¡
˵ȨƣͬʱҲǿͳ֮һҲΪ
һ̣ĻԻͣеҫȫΪС
޾Ÿ𵩾شײսս˹ɱľ١ʱ̫جˡ
ζķмڴϣܹӴľӣͳһ½أǰδеΰҵ
ڣһжˣֹˣһͽĴ󽫾ٳ£вİ͸
ҶԷ˼ֵҪ
ֱܴ裬ķܹܡ
£ЩֻĻظʱ䣬ŸҪ죬ûյظ߾ܾǵҪ̾ͻȡж׸˹ӣһ·ռĳС»۹Ŀֻţڵ۹䲻
£һⱦĴʳ󳼣ڵϣϻ̳Ͽֵ
ûõĶôıܶͽѵһͽв𣿴ּ⣬Щˣͬͳͳ𡣡
ķһͷŭʨӰ㣬ŭѡ
ˣһɲǣһƬţ˹ڵϣͷ­˵档
ô˵ˣ˵ôıô佫ѵʮ𣿡
ķŭ
ݣ¡֮ǰսޡͶеıȫɵ˹ܼнӽʮı˹սܣȫûѾޱõ״̬
һʳ佫֧֧
ֹˣײͰ˹֣һֱǵ۹һڶǿܶ۹ܺᲢ۵ָɱȥҲºսʤǡұܹɵ飬ӦЩͽҪǿͻ׸˹ӣеĳǳأ١͸
һ佫Ҳ׳ŵӵ
꣡
˻䣬ͻȻһ죬ķָһգ˲ϵ֣ɷ顣һԭףǱͨޱȡ
Ϊʳ۹ʷǿĵȻһα˱Ƶޱõĵز
ʮƽʮѵǵ˼Ҫ޴ӦǸͽթôĲƸ͸𣡡
ķɫŭһ˫۾ޱȡ
ʮƽ
ʳɵйѹĲƱӴĲƸɶڴʳ˵ǸӴ֡
Ǳ£ǲӦǣʧĻԶֹʮƽǿԴӺɺݴأʮټЩսĶ۹󽫣ʱǸ޷ֿ󼴱ǰǸϳ۹ֻҲʧء
£һʳ壬
ǳ᧿ΣǶʮͣںɺƴţȴĹҪ𺳣Դʳ۹ʮǳΪҪЮս壬ʮƽҪֱۣǰδУڴʳ۹ϵҲδŹ
ȴòĿǣԷʵҰģɺƬݵҲ˵˶ԷԿš


1164 ﷢ŭ
䣡ʳ廰䣬ͻȻһֻɫսѥ˾ηĿУķ͵شλվһҡػΣֺİ͸ǣƺܲסҵ
޾κ˵вǶĳǳȫаȫ¾ҲܵһͽթʮԼȡɣ޾㸶ǳأҲҪԽʬΣ
ķŭɶ׵һ㣬˵ĹâŭޱȵĹ﷢˸˵
ڴʳ۹﷢˵һһ˾˭ҲֹΥ
Ǳ£ھͰʮƽͳȥ
սʱͻȻһɳơشӵ⴫ڵ˶ǻ
﷢˵һ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼʱ򣬴ŭ¡
Ȼһ̣˶ڶԷĴ֮ʱˣâһһббӰӶȻ֮ӵ⣬Ͷ˽
ڴڴ֪ʲôʱ򣬶һ߸ߵģںеӰīĿϣý˿һصķġ
󣬴˾
ǵӰһʳ۹Ĵһ͵۾˭Ҳû뵽Ҷײ﷢ʱֵˣȻ۹ΪأȨĴ˾
ǻʹУĿˡ
Ϊ۹ĴڣȻû˾˶ϵ̫ۣǸĺɫȨȡ
˾һֻݵƣצһ˳ס˺ɫȨȵȨĺϴ
ĳñ£ȫ沿ֻǾվһǴôܶ佫ҹ壬ȻûһܸоΪǳ
Ȼеĳǰ˵ĸ֪УǸĺɫȨȣʲôҲڣͺһһ㡣
ˣ
ֻһɲǣ˾۰ڶ˵ĿУż˽
˾ôˣ
ԤϣԭҲһŭڷĴʳ﷢ķ˲ϢƵƤһ㣬еŭȫʧĸɸɾûзŭһϲ䣬ĴϿԹȥӭӡ
﷢ڴ˾̬ȣʳ˽ֱ֪һ̣˲Ÿо¶жôӣ
˹սܣײս˱ٺɺ͸ô飬ôܲ
˾һ˵ţһ߻ǰߵʱ򣬿·ˮˣһȦȦۿɼ͸ƣ£ϵɢȥ·ˮһ㡣
ֹˣ˾ǰߵʱӰõģ͸ˮ״·ϲĲһˣһˮһ㡣

һɲǼ䣬˷׷ȥЩܶҲĵͷó
ܶΪҲиеͣǵ˾ϢоֻоһŨҵĺڰƺеһа㣬־壬η
ֻƬ̣˾ڹ﷢ǰͣûҲûгӦе𾴣һֳȻڵ۹Ȩĸо
ĳ̶ֳȣһðԹ﷢ð
ǿ﷢˼ȴȫ⣬ǵˣǹ﷢Դ˾ӵ𾴡
˾ãôıô佫ѵҪһʮĺҪЮ𣿴ʳսΪûͶսʿ޻аߵĹľѵҪⶫ𣿡
﷢ߵ˾ǰ
ʮƽѣѵȱЩǮ𣿡
˾ûлش𣬷һ¡
⡭Ȼʮ࣬۹Ļõó
﷢΢΢ͷĿһ
ʮƽ𣬶ȣЩĵ۹˵ҲһӴ֧֡͢Ԯ˹֮սҲֻ˶ǧƽѡʱ͢Ѿúܶˡʮƽʮ嵱˹֮սĲ֣ºüǳˡ
Ƕڴʳ۹˵ȴһ޷ܵ֡
ΪһӶߣÿսʤһңͽ֮Ӷһյƣһ棬ܵĴƣ»޷֮Ტۡƾһ֮ĲƸܺʹʳ⣬Ҳֻ顣
ʮƽҿóҪҽЩ
﷢Ŀն
ѾǮǮ£˵ζζ裬Ϊ۹ͳ˧ǹ﷢޷ܵġ
ֻʮƽôѵ׼ս
˾ݲȣ۹ϵĹ﷢ǰ˵һһڻȨ֮ϵӣ﷢ƫƫҲֻд˾ˡ
ôܣ
﷢һ漴Ҳķ
޻дľӣϲսսսЩȫԵɹֻʮѣȵ޵ĴȴǾֻ·һ
﷢ȭͷɱɭɭʳս֮Ҳս֮Ҳ˷ŭԭǸƽͳ˧ȻҪЮǣ֮ڲ𸴣⳥ʮƽռĳǳأһǿӲƣӰܶ佫ķ˵ֱһֹȻƺͳ衣
Ҳǹ﷢˷ŭԭ
ȻײͰ˵սҲֻ֣ʳɻӵдĶս
ǲˣȻ»дľӣҲ׼һսôͶԱµ֮ӦøʮƽҲֻЩ˶ѡ˵ǸơյǮͻŵֻҪʱסǣʱȵִԱס׸˹ĳǳǵĹֿ˳ƹƺɺһټЩ˺ҲͬʱһЩƽ𡣡
˾촽䶯ɳƶ˶
ʮƽһСĿǿӱޣҲ̫ܲԶľ롣ȵƺɺɳ׷һѰءңЩ²һֱѰЩȵһֱûջ𣿡
ýЩˣȫһٶãýһ򾡣
ˣ
仰﷢ɫһ𣬶̧ͷʮƽ⳥ˣм䣬ûĶЩһֱǴʳĲʮ꣬۹֪˶پ׷ѰЩټϡ
޾šľ˾š𵩾ţײĴʳս񣬶ķ˳ȥΧ塣Щÿξͺһ㣬ˣǾͶߣȫĴҡ
ƽϢЩң۹ԶƽƿЩ


1165 ս壡
һֱķĸ֮ʱҹߡϸ룬ЩȻڣҲɹĽصȫ˳˾˵ģֻҪסǣȵϵ˵ͿԽǳ׵һ򾡣һݣ
ܹ˽ɱɾǣô㱻Щ˿סҪթʮƽҲǲɽˡ
һ˫
һ˲䣬ķͫһȻ֮䰲üͷ΢ͷ¶˼ɫ
صıԼҪòܵ
ʳķͻȻŤͷŴ£һһ㣬ڵأһֱû˵Ĵʳܶ
۹ʬ
ȻûдʳսײôǿôҲһսͳΪɫڲ԰ףʬһԵ
ˣʳ۹ΧССĹУ²Ѫܶ˹ֲ
ᡢѪɱĳ̶ֳϣ±Ȱ˹ֻеĶ֣󲿷ֶ״ҡ
һΣײս͸Ӧٶ֮ܶУĿ¾λ۹ʬˡ
ҪԸɺĶʮƾǵʲõͳ˧ҲǴʳ﷢ķʶѯԭ
£ĻʵͿԻ۴ǶЩͨı޷ԳǸǽĺɺ̫вҪ㼯㹻Ͷ󽫣׻ɺĵоҪʮ嵽ʮң
˼Ƭ̣վ
ҹоʮ죬дȫϵɺҾЩͽںɺһ졣
ʳ﷢ķŤͷɵ
ĩ
ֻƬ̣ԥ
ȻʱȣҪӴʳս㼯㹻ı㹻ʱڸϵɺܡڵ۹ʬ˵ȻʱȣޣֻҪҹоǲܣҲֻҪһЩ˰ˡ
ΪԺ˵Щĵġ
¡
ͬһӴսĲҰܣײսɺ䣬ԼҪЮеЩʳ۹ŭѸٵĽбսղûԽŨҡ

ˣʳ˵һǳؾֻʮǷ飬ֻҪԸ⣬ʮ׸˹ӣͿԱѪеռǳءͺķҲ˵žʮǳأҳǳغͳǳ֮һƽûκաԸĻܿܽЩʳռ졣Ϊʲô˻ʱͣ½Ų͵
ɺ񷶥ڣĺ¦ʦ̲סʵ
ʳ˵ĹۼεݶǸϸµ״ƣʯĹ⻬ҲԭȫͬǶ˺ܶ顢解ݻ̶ľʱ˿̣ڣǸ֥ǧϯԪ죬ҵڼպɽѦǧȫڴˣ˵Ŀȫϡ
ʮʳǳأֻҪԸ⣬ȫֿɵãȴʱͣսĽŲ˶⡣
Ǻǣǣһ·˹ٵɺôˣΪʲôֻΪս𣿡
΢΢Ц
仰ڣ˶һ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ׳⡣ڻ϶佫Ϊ佫ѵΪսһдڵ壬ѵͲΪ˴Ӯⳡս
һɲǣ˶ЩԻˡ
彫˵ķӦ۵ףЦսһһֶζĿģÿһսҪĿĺڣսսԼ˼˵ķӦսȻǳԽʱġ
佫ְǴʤ̣ѾܴʳˣǻҪȥѾʮ򣬽Ҫսһ𣿡
ɨһ۵
Ļ˶ʱ˵ƺʹʳⳡսȻԴƻʤգһ·˺ɺʳ۹ĸأǵĵ۶͸ҲԶֱвӴĵ۹Ҳ˸˾޴ĴۡΪ߾Ӧôʤ̣˵ְʲôأ
սĿĲɱˣҲΪսսһжΪ棬ֻҪͼһսܹȥܹԹ棬ǳΪ
ʷϣսΪɱˣŻܵڸΪ䣬Ҷܵۡս书µһΪǧŵȴ걥ڸ˥Ϊˡ
սǣķΧ棬ǳӴ󣬸սебݣķѾ޴ҲŻٰ㹥νᣬ䲻ͣԭһսΪ۹棬ǾԲκֵ֧ġ
ˣ
ĳ佫֮ĳͻѾãᴩʷͳÿһεı͢𵴣һ۹ı䡣ӣԭ򲢷Ǳĳ佫Ĳ죬Ҳĳţ佫³ԭһս޷Ϊһ۹κε档
ĳУսһģĴսݣеһжǸġһ﷢ս£佫ԶзԵķˣӮʤҲֻǲ֣ȴԼӷ֡
ϣӺս˵ӡԶǸģǺ顣߰ĳ˵һʼսζŴձݣһƬֻš
սܹ棬Ӵ棬һݼգôһнȻͬ
ӸԴϸı⣬֮ĳͻսͻһһ֮ͬС
ڣһƬţ˶Ĭ֥¶˼ɫ
֥ⷬû⡣ѾϰսһռϷ磬Ӧǳȴս󡣶ԽʮǳؽƣƫƫԼս
ʱʳҪ󣬲ʮʳǳΪ룬ս⡣
սʽ˵Ǽǧʷ½ʷϣҲǴδйġò˵ϣܻĶ˼
ǣ壬ʮƽӴ֣ʳĻͬ𣿡
һԣǧ΢΢üͷ̲סʵ
¦ʦ׽ʣĿ֮ĳȥģеȫһʮƽ֣಻ѣôĻƽѻľһɽˣֱӾͿ´ĳǳأʳĻӦҪ
ʼǧΪֻĳսֶΣΪĳָսԣڿȫġ
Ϊʲô
忴ˣһŵ
ʮƽȻ٣Ƕڴʳ˵ȴǲԳܣ۹Ļҿɱĸеö࣬ҲɲǲӦʳܾǿѸٿ׸˹ӣֱǳضȥ


1166 ʮ
ǻһѡ񣬾Ƿĳǳأֱʳĵ۶͸ȥǧٶ๫ǵԴ򵽰͸︽ˡȻܹǳأֱвʳ۶ʳ۹һȴǴ´ˡ裬´ʳʮƽ򲻻ء
⣬ûв´ʳʮа˾ŻӦǵҪ󣬲ʮƽΪĴӮȡʱ䣬취ǡΣʮƽһᣡ
˵ɫţǧûаյ̣սҪЮַʽ绹棬һǳ̬һĺüѸ
սҪ棬ⳡճ־õսڣҪһΪҰ£񿴡
ƺӦʱ򣬻һƿյСһ̣˵ĿУһֻ޴趯ųǰŽɫĻ鳤ϡֻĽϣһžżΪĿ
ˣ
ֻ˲һƬţ˶ǻһ¶˳Ծɫмֱվ
ʮƽ𣬴ʳĻӦ
һɲǣ˶ס˺ͣһֻݵƴԱ˹´ʳµǷţֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ԪٵɫȻü
ˣʮƽ𣬴ʳͬˣͬˣ
ʲô
һʯǧˣԪٵĻ˶ɫһ÷׷վ
ҿ
ʳ˵żǵ˸֥Ȼ˳ǧϯԪ졢¦ʦǡҵڴ˵жתһ顣ڣԪ֮⣬ûмϵôʳ֡
ʵ̫ˣʮƽҪۣڴʳ˵ķӦϲʶżϵѾҪˣַֻͨʽȷ϶ѡһսӮʮƽڸ֥˵Ҳ顣
ʯ棬ԶԶ޷֮ȡֱС׼ף֮
һ򵥵ľٶʱежȻʧɫ
̫ˣ
ǧݺݵսȭͷܲѣǧ˵ٶҲʳ˵һ𺳺гһɲǣͻȻսͼˡ
ʮƽд౨ϱ͢͢󳼣£û˸šĳǱߣǵĿҲΪĹۣ
ʮƽֱǸ֣³ǧĸ̲סˡ˹֮սսʿ٣ǸһӴĿǧ֮ǰǹһô죬ΪЩսʿ죬ÿһΪ߶̻Ĳ£ΪǾȥȡ棬ڣһжӭжˡ
ʳҲһЩҪ󡣡
ʱһӶߴԪ΢΢üһ˼
մʳ˵ϣܹǩԼԴͣսʳ˳ŵԲַƣϣܹӺɺ˳ȥӺɺǡҲвĳǳء
ˣ
ԪٵĻ˶ʱĬ˭Ҳû˵ʳ˵ҪӴƵĽǶǲɴӦԱڴʳ˵أȡʮƽʽζҴһ·򵽺ɺغʼǧʱ䣬黹ûзǰδеĹ
ͬʱʿ˵սİأز죬ԴδǺ¡
ҷԣ
һͻȻպɽͻȻˣɫӲ
ĴӦʳ˵Ҫǰκ鶼ҪеһΣܹռİ򣬾ӪڣͬռɺοơΣⶼֵһԣ
ȻܴӦ
ԴЦ
ǴʳԭǴܣɺٳ¡ⳡսǴʳ˻ʮƽ⳥սеʧʲôƽȽסλķ£̫ԼĴҲʲôһս߸е̬ȡ̽׸˹ӣɽǣռʱͳغɺԼĴ
ף¾ͽҰɣ
ǧЦ
ⳡսչѾⷶ룬壬ǧȫޱԲ˵ʲôԥȥִС
һЩĳǷ񣬻˺ܿɢȥ
壬ʳвٸˣĻŵ𣿡
ȵ뿪ֻʣ͸֥̲ס˵
ˣҲ˵ˣʳвٵĴˣôֻܻͣǵĻ֮ƶѣ
ն
ʳս֮Ϊ֣һʼѾ϶ǲͣĺ̸Э顣
ֻҪʮƽ𣬲ܴʳԸ⻹ǲԸ⣬ýڿɲ˵ʱ

ϺɺĳǽϣԶԶǽ⣬׸˹ӺХԶԶĺһȻϣǺɺǵһηߡ
Ӹոյִɺһۿʱ͸оҪľ¼ֵĳ̶ֳϣ˹˵ûɺȷʵѹơ
ûУʳĹ﷢ķŭǲʮЮƶв֪ٵܶ佫ʱǸӦԡʹʳ֮ĺ̸ԷӦˣҲȫˡ
һͻȻص
ǺǣǺʹʳ˵飬Ѿ֪ˡѵ󽫾ҲΪǻóɺﳷ𣿡
΢΢һЦͷҲص
ںɺ߸ߵĳǽϣȻΪ͵׸˹ӵΰ׳ĺԭ̫̫ˣͺķԼԭ
ȻǣҪȻҲˡ
ͺķЩɬĴʳͺķ˵ƵԣҲ˵ɺΪ˽˵ôʳ
оڶĻɣǳˣȻĻ̻̣Ǻò׾ۼⲨ̾ͻɢȥҴʳҲһ׷ʹ򣬵ʱ˶ʧء
ͺķ˶٣ü¶ǡƺʹʳ̸֮⣬ʮƽҲעص㣬ĳ̶ֳϣͺķΪ⻹һ£ΪֻдƴõôǲŻͣ
ʳ̫ǿˣǿ󵽳˶Ĵƣûκε۹֮⡣
ôԸҲΪӴϿ˵ֿʳϣƳɺ˵ĳ֪
ڽȥˡǲ᳷˵ģײġ
΢΢Ц
ڹ﷢ǲʮӹ飬齫͸Ӳصģʳ˲лģ֮ڣԲᣡ


1167 ŭĴʳ

ǰͺķḻʶ㣬仰ҲһʱסˣΪʲôôš
ֻ΢΢һЦĿⲻźۼһۣһĸĪ⡣
⣬󽫾ǵĵĻһ󽫾͸¶һ飬ѾӺֵ˴ĳƾʦҲԴԴϵһѾ·ˡ༸¾ӦÿԸϵɺˡǣٿ԰һЩǣŴƵľģ

仰ͺķͻȻɫһһ
н仰㹻ˣһȥǵġ
ͺķܿ뿪ˡ
ХӸ߸ߵĺɺϿӹǰȣԵԽĺˣû֪һʷǰΣȻϮһĻҪ͵Ķࡣ
Ǻǡ
΢΢һЦܿ˳ǽ

ɺУ֪еĲܿȥڶ̶̰֮ɺһ׸˹ӵɽѸٱһݶҵĳͻǧɳĴռɽڴݻ˳еĴʳؾ˼ʮ֮Ѹ˻˺ɺ
һԴʳʾַʽԼ־ʳӦƵô̽ԵĽͻȫĴݻ١
֮Ϣ͸⣬Ȼ˴ʳ˵ŭ
ˣ
﷢ԼĹУһֻԼϲʧˣĲȴЧáʳ˵ĻƽҹӰ͸˳ӱޣǧƥս˺ɺķһǺǰż㣬Ѹ˺ɺ
ͬʱʳıԽƵʮƵĴͬǧϪһ㣬ӴʳĸսҹоٸɺӽĴʳܶڱŭĹ﷢ʹ£ӿ˺ɺһʷǰоһһεжŭλʳͳߡ

ʳ˵ĻƽıԤеĻҪö࣬ǧƥսһѶСɽһĻƽԽ׸˹ӣɺУڴ˾޴ĳˡ
ڵ죬ǧдһۣ塢֥壬ϱ͢
֮߰󣬵鴫ƾʦȻȻ󲨡
⣬ôܣ󶼻󶼻˾ȻӴʳʮƽ𣿣
ӵϢ̫ʦסˡսһǽɽۣÿһζ˲أķѹ󲻼û뵽սʱ̣˾Ȼ͢ʮƽ
̫ʦԳȣϲɫһҲɵĿɿڴ
ʮһǻƽôܣҴʮ˰¶ûô߰
ͬе𺳵ģл£鵽ɣ˶Ϣˡÿһս׽⣬ѳζǣ뾡취֮Уھӵĵִġ
ʮƽ𡭡
ţ
ֱһ֣ʾ޿»ܳʱ䶼òΪսˡ
ީСȻ˸У
ͬе𺳵ĻӺɺϢ˶ˡУʳһֱǸصСֵһᡣ˻ʮƽս˶ˡ
Ϊ׹УȱǮÿζѴѵ£󳼣ѸУҲûʮƽ
ֵıǰҲԵȻʧɫˡ
͢棬һ̵ʷǣһҲƿԣһ˵Ҳᾩʦе飬ңԶĺɺ
򿪡ơķӡҪ10000㣬ٴѯʣȷ𣿡
ɺĳǳ֮У֮ʯԺ
ʱϥһˣǰ˸Ľɫţֱʾġ塢ƵĿһֻεһơĹϡ
ơƣŵƣԼ
ܾ֮ǰʹ֮ʯõϢһ̺ơơิӵĶʱ˺Щͨͨƣν֮ʯһ
ܲͿ֮ʯĽǲһˡ
а
ȷ
һѸѡ֧㣬򿪡ơķӡ
¡
ӦȷɲǣͻΪģͻȻȻ𶯣ض·һ̴غĸ֪УӿеһʧֻоһƬӰţԼαֻգ۵ʱ䣬һƬ½سԼ¡
䣡
һӴԺըɲǼ䣬ֻоʱ䡢ռ䣬еһжʧˣ嶼׵ʧֻ´ĸ֪ڡ
£Ƭԭ΢½أѸٵķ俪ѸٻΪԭİٱǧ򱶴СƬ½ϣĶѸٵľ󻯡һƬ½ϳˢܹ˻ֽ䡣ںԱߣı仯ˡ
ǡɺǣ
һ۾˳½صߣһϸСĳǳѸٴӵðεض𣬺Աߵĺڡ
ںɺѾǳϤˣ忴ԽԽϤĶƮģıӪԼһϴСԲǺɺĻôʣԱߵĺǵ׸˹ӡ
һ·忴½ĵƺһ̬ۿʳ۹ַǳĸо
֪ʳıôˣ
ͻȻ뵽һ̣Ŀƣ͸Լʳսһ̣ƺӦɱ󣬽ϵĴӶдƬĴ½ͶӰϣǧսٴ뺣㣬Ӵʳĸطǧоɺķ
ೣ֪ٱҹ֮ȣɺеĶʮԵȻʧɫ
ʮ򣬲ٽӽʮı
׼Ҳ֪ʳ﷢ضΪԼҪЮŭĿȻе𶯡˹֮սǰǰ󣬼Ĵʳڣ͸֥ٻɱǽӽʮı
ַŵκһ۹Գ֮أ׵ĳȫܱǴʳش֮󣬾Ȼڶʱټ߰ʮӴֶԱͱԴκΪ֮
൱һļҲ൱˵ġʳųս֮ɴ˿ɼһ㡣
һΣŭĹ﷢㳲ƾɺʮº赲
˵Ҳòȥ赲ΪûҪƾʮȥԿʳ
ʷѾ˺ܴı仯ϣǼ鲻˶ܵӰ졣
ԺͷѸٵ̧ͷգȻֻƬ̣йâһ漴¶һ˿Цݡ
Ȼ緢˺ܴı仯˹ûսܣԼɱ˺ɺָ͸ǼеǼȴûз˿ı仯
Խ࣬ľԽ࣬һΣǽḶصĴۣ
һܿ칵֮ͨʯơеһν
ȷҪһһ𣿡
ȷ



1168 ٳ£
ʳ˵ıԤлҪöֻ࣬ʱ䣬ɳĳͺɺ˵̽ӾʹϢʮѸټ˾һٶ๫ĵطѸٵĹ£ƿܵĹ͵ϮĲӺͱҲڲϵľۼʳ˵ı
̽ϢʳǱѾ㼯λ۹
Ǵʳġ۹ʬԲ̶ҼסҪо̼ܣ漸ǵˮ©ǿнֻºռ˱ˡ
һӶߴͺķ岢Ա߽˵ڴʳн졢ܶͺķȫָƣⷽǴ޷ģõĺܶϢʵǰͺķݹȥġ
ǺǣܵķҲѭģһֻǿѡѡ
΢΢Ц˹֮սʮʮʤοֻʮ
κζ֣ʳսײĽ£ηһ۹ʬǿҲᳬײ
ͺķʲô˵ͷ۹ʬʲô֮ǰôۺģҲֻˡͺķҲ֪ǰλͳ˧κ˶Ȼͬ
Ϸһв˼еκǰ˵Щ
ѦǧдһţʳĻʵ۹﷢˵˫ѾǩЭ飬ʳɳʮɺǸовǳı塣һ֮ڣʳǳأĻҪά˫Э顣
ͷҲص
ĻΧ֥ǧ˶¶һ˿Цݡʳʵ۹﷢е˼ͼıڴǶܿԣֻǴʳװƣ֪
ĩף
һͻȻѦǧһ񣬺ܿȥ
ֻŸܿڿնһֻ͸һֻ˴ʳĵ۹ʬʮʳС
¡
յţһžʯ£ʳӪʮʳ˲һƬڡ
ˣֱ̫
۹ʬԳȣϲɫƣյҲ̲סݺһȭϣĿŭӿ
ѾӴʳʮƽھȻ˱˻ԣʴʳֱ̫
ʳ˴䣬ֻСʳϢķݣ⻹ǵһα˳ơ
ˣô죿Էһ֮ڳǳأҪӦ𣿡
һͻȻԱߴһͷС
ʳǰڣѾۼʮĴԷʮᡣ˶֪һٶ⣬Ƕ¸߸ߵĺɺǽ󷽣פǶʮâ¶᲻ɴݵĴƺͺɺǹս㼺ʮҲܹսʤǡ
ܣ
۹ʬ˫ĿҲ;ܾˡ
û˿ƴʳȥӽҵҪܰô죡
ǣ
ٵܿתȥ
һȣ
ͻȻס˸٣һƽࣺ
дһŻظƣʳƻʹ֮Լ˴αֻһЩľӵԼһЩҪķϣƲҪ롣
һ㵣ܿ췴ӦͷӦһܿʧڴ⡣

ֻʱһֻʳ𣬷Ծ׸˹֧ɺС
ֻǰյĹ֮塢֥ǧҵȫۼһ𣬿ţÿ϶¶һ˿Ȥζɫ
ÿһ˶֪ʳ˴ʲô⣬Ҳ֪ڽʲôƻ
ˣôظ
һԣϯԪͻȻڴƽ
أû𣿴ʳ˲Ϊǻǣǿɰɡ
ԴЦ
ʳϷÿ˶׼ʲôȻ֪Է׼һսǲɵɶԷ˳ġ
ͺķ󽫾̽ҵ׼һ£ȥλ۹ʬ󽫾
忪ڵ
š
ͺķǧ˶˵ͷ¶һ˿΢Ц

Լʱ󣬾ɺ￪ϣǣĴʳ飬֣ʮɱʱ׼һģļս
Сĵ㣡˸͸λ
ҹϹ첻ǧµıӪɱһ빤
Ͻιʳս֮Ҫս

һǼǱڿʹ鶯Ӫ֮Уһʳ佫ݺݵسŹʿشӪĽ졣ϣǲһĳǳأʮıѾЩӵˣʮִ
ʮĴҪ޽ʩ
ˣڵĽˣķҲڼӽĽ赱УʱӦòõˣ
һͻȻ߸ߵĳǽϣһʳĸٹ
š
ĵ˵ͷܿԶջĿ⡣
εĵ˼ǿѾʮĴʳײȴսУʳ£ڣ֧˱ɵһٴС

˼ʱԶͻȻ̳һʳ۵糸̳ϵĳɫ԰ףǳš
ǰִƾڳϣǶ
䣡
һʯǧˣ仰ǽϣʳܶ׷ױɫ˭Ҳû뵽ڼռƵʱ򣬾Ȼ𹥻սʳ
쵰ŸոǩЭ飬ʮƽѾǳǳ֮Уīûɣѵ͸˺Э𣡡
־ŭսУû˸Դʳ
ҴƲŸոյʮƽ͸˺ԼԸǡֱ̫

ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һԶһʳɫţϣǷ̤
ˣⷢǧ˺ڳǶѾ
ÿ죡
仰ǽ˶ɫ䡣
ǰ󲻹Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ԷѾӽϣľ룬ٶȣºܿͻڳ¡
ֱ̫ˣ
ͷϣһʳܶȻŭЩ˼ֱĿˣֻһʧܶѣʳӴľӺڶܶ
дʱҲŭӿ
ûҵҪƵͳ˧Ҫʲô
źϣڵһƬɱҲƬ̵ʱ䣬󣬼ҵ˻Уһ֧̳Զӵ
ߺˣ
ԶԶأŻ߰׵ľ룬ǳʮ㣬쳹ϣǸ
ǽϿǴʳ۹ʬ
ֻһЦǧƺУһƥںɫսƤë͹⻬Ȼ֮Ӵг˳Ŀųͷϵλʳܶޱȡ


1169 ǿƽ
ʲôˣܶ˵Ҳܽе𣡡
ûпڣԱһʳǳ
ǴʳҲн죬Ƶ󶼻һ仰̴еıϣǳĻ˾ͻΪǱľٶӺɺԸײһͳͳ𣡡
ųǽϣЦ
Ǻɺˣɺˡôֻ꣬Щʳѹȵĺɺ˲֪ǹʲôڴʳǰкɺ˶СϥңĶȹ񣬶Һɺ˻ҪеӴĸ˰ʱǾȻҲһվʮʳӵǰͺǿܶԡ


仰߸ߵĳǽϣʳܶͽ죬һǲȻŭǧѣȻǰ˷ֱ
ˣȫɵ
纮˪
źŶһ֧˵Ĵʳӣɫ׷״ӳӿų֧ɱȥ
ߣ
ǽ⣬ĿĴﵽֱһӣսǧͷԶ۶ȥ
ѾǺΪ֮
ЦţԴǰ
ߣ
ۼ֧ӵ˱˾ߣΪ׵Ĵʳ佫һٳȥ
֧һǰһѸٵʧԶ
ģϽҳȥˣǰǵ׸˹ӣܲˣ
￪⣬Ϊ׵Ĵʳ찢е͵һϣеĴʱǰȥȻûеǳԶϣȻһҵбɲǴһֻ̣һ֧㣬ݺݵز밢ĴС
ãˣ
ɫ䣬ҪˣѾˡ
ʱܣˣɣ
һǰԭȫܵļͻȻǧһۻأɱ¡¡͵سʳ˵ľ֮С˲Ϣ䣬ʳһƬҡ

ʲôȫû
߸ߵĳǽϣյϢ˶סˡǰ󲻹Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ͱ˳׸ɵˣҲ̫ˡ
Էж
ʵ˾ɲ
֮ǰǧԷں˰ǧˣܼһǧ
ʲôôܣ
û˵Եʳܶȿˣһޱȡ
ԷıҲˣֻһɳȥı磬ǵôô̵ʱڣɵô˵ġѵ˵ģ֧ʷǿĶӣײľӶҪǿö࣬ôܣ
ռϢ֧ƾȻʤʣµıҲѡҴӸոյ֧ԷıҪЩһ㶫صЩں֮ʲôʱôˡ
еȫɳȥ
ֱһɲǣŸоԾԭΪԷֻСɲӵɧźʾڿˡ
һ̣ϣг˷Ӷȥ
ֻƬ̣ͳ˶Է׼ȷ
ǶԷ׼ȷе˺ͺɺȫϣǶ
ʮһǣҪȥ̽̽Щ˵ʵ
ŭˣһδ͹ˣһҪԻ˺
䣬Ŵ򿪣һ̣ʮʳãã纣ӳǳзӵʮ󷽣ʮʱֻҪһвԣ׷Ȼɳֻʮ֧ӦԷκοɳ֮
¡¡
ںǺ󲻾ãһ˾޴ĽɫӵƽߴѸ漴սˡɺ˻ɵı飬ãã纣ϣǵķӿ֧룬һ׵ĺڷ꣬˲˺ע

ǵӰͫһɫˡû뵽һΣƵͳ˧ȻԳ
˹ʼڣʳӵľѾ̫ͳ˧Ϣˡĳࡢʡףǳϸ£ھûмˣⷬҲϳ
һвǺɵӵԭҪǣʳ۹û˲֪ײͰ˾
Сģ˺пܾǴͳ˧壡
ǰһ
ĻλʳܶάͿľȻû˵˵ж¶ļɵ
գ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ڹ̳У֧Ѹٿ󣬸һβԶľ룬ңңš
ˣǱ壬յǸĻƽ𣬵ȴƻЭ飬Ǳɣ
һ֧ʳܶľкһӭȥȻȲײ˹֣ǿľǴʳ۹ڶеǿܶҿľǿӲҲ޾ɫ
ôƻЭأȳֹģҲǣǰɣ
һϵǰŰڣǰɫƽݲȣͶȻȻ¶һ۷Ⱥͷǣͬĵ۹Ȼʧɫμ穡
ˣ
仰дʳ쾡Աɫ
Ȼͷβһֱƣ󣬶Щɺ̫Ż׷׷ȷȷʵʵǴʳȶ֡
쵰ǹȥıѾãб
ԣһʳ佫̲סǳ
ߣ׼ǧҪɱ
ʱһѦǧһǰ
㣡
ʳ佫ʱΪ֮ࡣ
Ȼÿ˶֪ǧ˾նѦǧ˵ҲûǴһУʳͿˡ
˵ˣ
ֱһ죬ֹ佫ǰ
ˣҲһѵƾԶ𣿡
Ǻǣ
嵭ȻһЦǰޱȣ
Żţأ˺Э飬Щɲ˵ҲѾ߹һ֮ڣ볷ϣǡȻǲأȻΥԼҲͲҪһӱˡ
㣡
ԣıɫΪǿĵ۹ʲôʱȻ˱Ƶֵز
ʱ䣬ٲ˱׼
һָǿޱȡ
һ
ûȵĺӦ¡һһǰ󲻹ʱ䣬ָһ̣ơɺɵĴţɱ
ǿƣ
̫ǿˣ
˵ǸԷʱ䣬мûκεͣ٣ҲûиԷӦʱ䣬ȵֱ꣬ӾָӴ˽ʳ۹ô֣ôĴ󽫣ûһˣ˵ǿƣ˵ǿѹֱ˴


1170 ά
ɱ
ɱ󣬶罭ӱڣһƬƴĸŶ
ֱд
ǺųƵ۹ʬ԰׵Ͽκα飬һҲһѪɫԷҲֻҴҶһѪ֮ѵ治ɿһа٣Կʮɣ
Ҿ뿪Զϣǣ滹жʮı
ɵǣ
纮˪͵ĳ´˽
䣡
غʮʳŭХţܿ쳯Ŷˡɺˣɱȥ¡֧Զʮҵײһһɲǣ𶯣𺳲ѡ
Ȼⳡսעͺеļ޹ء֧ͬްײɲǣϣƷͻȻ֮սϻһĻߣݺݵĲʮʳУоһ֧ɱһ㣬˲˴ʳ˵Ӫ֮䴩
иͣ
ڳзӪɲǣǧŮɢͻȻɢ˷䴩и
ֻһǣʮʳо˲һƬңǰ󻹲ʱ䡣
쵰ɵǣ
һĻ۹ʬȻŭκһ֧оǼġ
ԷȻͣǻԶûеսʤĵزڱ棬ʳȻռƣҺ󷽵ĳǳлжʮıڴʱܳȻںϣʱһ̡
ϣ
ʯ䣬ֻһĺû˷ӦһεɢȫΪ֮𺳣ֵ鷢ˣϣʮĹ⻷ѸϵϢҲԾ˵ٶȲ½
ô£׷ʲôΪʲôҵ½ô࣡
Сģ

սһƬңͻȻıʶʮʳӵĳԶи֮ϡ
ǰɱ¾ȴľ޴ֻţ˴ֲ
һлֻǿʼһ̣һһֵеĴʳ佫ʵ

һҵľŤͷȴɧҵļǴԶϣдġһɲǼ䣬ܶˡ˭Ҳû뵽ԷĹΧȻӴ󣬲ֻǰʮȻûвμսĶʮҲӰ췶Χ֮ڡ
֮й⻷
֮й⻷
ʯ䣬Űڣһ΢Ц˲ͷųǿս⻷ײ˹Щź;ͬǰĴʳԶûôܵӰҲöࡣ
֮й⻷֮й⻷ʲô޵й⻷ֻҪ۹󽫼ǿ֣߳ķѹʩչ⻷Ȼֹ⻷Ӱ죬ֻĻ
죡Դ󽫹⻷Ͻ
ά־ŭСȻ֪Էʩչʲô⻷ϾǴʳܶ󽫼ǿߣάǺܿжϳӦԵķ
Ȼû˵꣬¡𶯣ɲǼ˵ĸоУһӴϢɽХ㣬ͻȻεضԾ˵ٶȳ˶
ȻǲˣǾԶɣ
͸Ŵ̹ǵĺ⣬ؼ죬һż˵ˡ

ͬʱ̧ͷգȻûȺӦһֱ̣ߵĴʳܶľɫŭһݣ͵İεضϣɳɲǣһһںɫ⻷ڱ
ľСģ
һĻɫ䣬ľڴʳܶУֳסģԸʱҪΣաû˱ǰ꣬Զκһȵĵ۹󽫶Ҫǿö࣬ǿľһ˿ӦԵ˵ġ
飬룬һըڵһ㣬ĳ𡣺𣬾ɲǣؼͻȻһħŭ𣬾ں󣬿һڤڤУһֻҰ׵ĽͻȻ̽һ԰׵ӰȻ̤˳
˵ĿУһʮ׸ߵĲҰɫʬͻȻ˺󣬿߰ʬ˺Ȼ׺ĳƺΪʲôǵ۹ʬˡ
ڳֵһɲǣǵ԰׵ľʬĿͻȻһĹâͬʱһѪбĺУ̺ǿҵľ񲨶˷俪ȥɲǼ䣬˷ж¶˿־ɫһֱܵη壬ͺ˸ǿһһ׷ײţȥʳ˶޷⡣
Ϊʳܶ۹ʬսʽκܶȻͬٻľʬӵǿľĿ־֮ʥ侳ǿ߶Ϊ֮壬ҴоĿ־塣
Ȼûȵ۹ʬĿ־֮ɢսһ̣䣬һɰģضΪ֮ȻʧɫĿֲͻȻʯȻͷ԰׵ľʬ໣ԭںеľʬһʱ˫ֱͷ໽ػ
ϢҲһƬɢҡ
ֹˣɫʬ˫֮ԭһĹâҲɢ۹ʬҲƆһ˫ǿס۾ȫѪˮǾ߻ֻǻأ˼ûκεĲ

¶һ˿ηɫĵʬǼǿľѧʥ侳ǿ߶мܲס˵ˡǺû뵽ԷľʵȻԼҪǿ
źߣ
ͬһʱ䣬һƺߴӶдܵ徫ӰĻԶֹһңʳܶάͿľͬʱܵ˳һƬɢң˵ʽɾ񹥻ܵ˳Եͣ͡
籩
ġڰ֮ݡĽѧڰ֮Եֵľѧ彫һԶľѧԶʥ侳ǿߣҲһԶԶֵľɾ޴ĳϵĻҡ

һ˿飬дʳ˶𣬻û˷Ӧ˲ʩչ˴컯ǿľѧ
ã
Сģ
ֵɲǣжһɼĿ־УʱһѾˡ
䣡䣡䣡
ʯ䣬һӴкХ£ҵײڵϡУֻһ죬Ӱ߷һ㣬˳ȥ
ߣ
־ٵĳԶȥϸȥһֱĴ£Ѫˮӿ
ֻһȻˡһɻԵڲŰޱȣ̶һɲǣѾʮҪһŷųȥȫʧܸա
ܵģʲôȻ˿ֲ
ľΪԷҲǺͰ˹ֲ࣬Ǿǰ˹Ҳַʽܡ
ȻûӳԶоһĴ

ûȺӦһӴϢĸ֪Ѹʧ
ά
һԺжһͷ
˵
Удʳ˶һֻסάĲӣݺһ˦ƲһѰάʬݺڵϡ


1171 ٵö
ܶˣ
һɲǣ㾲ս·𰲾˼֡
۹󽫣еʿжǸ߸ϵģ޷Ĵڣ˭Ҳû뵽άȻһͱɱάսͷųĹ⻷ҲѸʧ֮й⻷֮й⻷ٴηȫ
ɱ
ˡɺ˺һսɱȥάսټ֮й⻷֮й⻷ãʮ˲
ߣ߰
ʮɽ׷׳Զ˶ȥ
ɵǣ
֮Уͺķ͵سһ£ǧలʮɱȥ
ϣǳʱһһ⻷ǽ𵴷ĺÿһͺһƶͳǱ
䣬֮һ߰ʳﱻһ·ײɣ߸ߵ֮СǾ޴ĳЩʳڵĹײ죬׷ײˡ
ײĹУϣһֻеĳ쵽˼£ûЩʳ£ն˵ͷ­
ÿ죡
һĻǰе壬Ҳ̲סһ˿͵ɫ
ЩɺİƳأѸͿ񱩣пᣬսȫﵽ˼£ĳЩ棬¾ľ˾ҲȣҲ
ȸֽףȻκΰĽĴڡ
дȫסԲʮκδϢ֮
һΣëܿӿ
ѳɣŴ׷֧ʳӵĺ󷽡岢ûмðҵʮʳУеʮǵһٳҡ
Ǻǿľûϵ˾
ʳҪʮٻһЩȴ޹˼ɣԷսսԸúоһ
ռžԵﵽ˶Էʮ౶ÿεҪȥǵʱ֧ҵĴܹҵʳӵı㡣ֻһιܹʹúŬȫ׷ѡ
һΡΡΡͺ׼һһδνʮʳ֫⣬ʹôʳһδλҡǱ赲ԼˣĻҡ
һϰ׷м䷴Ľ󣬺׵ľˡ

һ£еĴӴܣ׵ķ˵ֿһ·׷𱱣ĴɱʮĴʳǸϳٶķѣŸɢͰͺķձ
ɣǵ˴ϢĴʳܶͱ׷ȥǿܻΧ֮У
ϣ⣬ͺķƥްս岢ӣͺķһ˿Ե塣λͳ˧ʶԼֱǰͺķƽ
зӳսͺķĪܹ֪ԷĵطǰԤУÿֳֻһ֧СıﵽЧ߽˶Էķ
ʮʳȻһһεĳԷˣȴһһεıɱҡͰͺķ֪ıսȫͬ
۹ʬܵʱ򣬰ͺķԶԶľ룬ܹϵǱϱ˻Ҫ˾
֪ʶԶҲǰ֮˵ս±ɺ˺ʹʳ˼ҪǿöࡣԶĴƾһֱڴѣ
ͺķĲ¶ĳ־ġ
һĺʹƲսʮ򣬼ǰͺķҲɲָ֧սǿĥӡǡ
ˣþգɣ
һ࣬ȴ֪ͺķ뷨ĿԶջأܿ˵ͷ
һȷˣѾܺõĸ˴ʳһͽѵնɱʮҲԺֵܺãʹôʳᣬٳµʱܵѹ˲١
¡¡Ƭ֮еȫɺķʧøɸɾ
쵰һҪʬΣ
ңԶİ͸õϣǵϢʳ۹Ĺ﷢ŭһǱŭƺҪ͸ﶼ˺ˡ
ܿһǼţӰ͸ңԶĺɺ
Ȼ󲻵ǣʳ۹Ĺ﷢ķܿյһݴǸš
Уֱָʳ˱壬ϴӦʹͣ˽ȴ׼սľٶһðֱеʳ˲Ϊ˴εжǸҶ⳥ƽ𣬴ƽȫΧеĴʳǳء
쵰
յţķ׵ļŭζҪըˡ
Щ쵰Ϊں˭˵ѵΪǴʳЩСĹȣȡܣֱ޳ܣ
Ȼˣ֮ƽȴԾ˵ٶ͵˺ɺǣͬʱģһºš

յʳ﷢ţɺУ塢֥ͺķԿ֮Ѷɻҵպɽˣۼһȫ̲סЦ
ʳĹ﷢ɱ˵Ķˡ
ǧｫеżŻ棬Ц
ǱţڵĵѾǽǵĳǳˣǺϣһǡ⼸죬ɺϿյգʳ۹ǰе˳ǵжĺˣ
һ࣬ȸҲ̲סǳ鴤ѡսôãʱɣˡ
彫ʳ۹Ūڹ֮УҪһһĻƽԴԴϵ͹ָо޷ʳвѹȵֲͱȫһɨա
ˣҪ취ͷȫգ
ȸԾԾԵ
ȸƤˣʳ˵ЩģЧѾﵽòٳˣ
һԵ

ʱͻȻһӶߴһֱûô˵İͺķ󽫾ͻȻˣһ仰˲˵ע⡣
и飬ͬʱҲԸϣܹʹˣԴΪ׵ĳˣһԿʳ
ͺķһ䣬һƬž˾ǧİ˷ԽԽģӽʮһɼӴ
ʳ˻뵽˹ضԸһҪңԶĺɺȽŸͱЩ˵ռϢ棬û˱Ǹǿ
ֽǰûйÿ˶֪ͬСɣһɲǼ䣬˵Ŀⶼеϡû˵һ˿׾ľ㵣漴˶ĸ֥ߵ˵ͷȫȨá
ͺķ󽫾𣿡
عͷŰͺķһ֣ص


1172 ˣ
ˣͽԴΪ׵ˣȫͬĸǲģ˾ͱضҪԴΪס
飬ҲҪͺķĸԸСԤУͺķͬ⣬Ҳȵ׵սʤʳͦһΣ˵ͺķôԴΪ׵ˣʵǳϡ
ͺķû˵Ժд˷˲Ϣͷʹ˵ԺãͺķҲǹǷҪȵɹ´ʳ˵Ĺ˵
Ͼסɺ˴ʳˣɵκ˶壬Ǿ˷˼ͺķ˾
˵ǿĿõģ˵һܹԿʳҰؽɺôֻпǴơڡδԺʱ䣬ɺҪڴʳ˵ĹҴ¶벻˵İ
ʱദɢַǡıԡȡʶͺķ˼ӡһţһײս֮Ȼͬı֮ʥ
һʮӵ˾˵츳ðͺķԵ۷;塣ҲǴٳɰͺķǰ־Ҫԭ
˵ǰͺķѡ˴ƣ˵ǰͺķѡ壬壡
Ž
ͺķ壬ֻ򵥵˵֡
¡һ·ӵзǷΪ֮һͺķûʶõ˵ֵʱ򣬴ңԶĴʳ۶͸֣պӰ죬Ϊ֮׸ı䡣
½ᶨˣɺҲΪϣʹᶨѡʼգʸ־塣
һ֮󣬾ںɺͺķ֥Լ죬ѪΪˣͬԴΪ׵ǿˡ

ʱ仺ȥһһ캮䣬죬ɺĺܶط˺İ˪ڵĵ׸˹ӣ峿ʱ򣬱涼һ㱡ĺ
źĵһƬɱӴ뵽͸ϡ٣ٸ˿֮·ʳ۹˶ݷ
ھɺ￪ĵطؼϡ٣һƬɱȻ෴£ѹѹһƬӰ飬ӴķΧЩӰ룬һ˸˺ɫĴգ鲼ÿһ䡣
𣿡
ؼ亮һ޴Ӫ⣬۹ʬһƥɫսĿ磬ͬѲɨءĿʳǿ׳˴ʱ䣬ʳƬϾۼ͡
ããĴУһһӴϢƬѾۼ˴ܶ佫κΪ֮ľ
شˣһλܶҲѾˣһ֧Ѿȫۼϣеľȫִ
һԱߴߵ渱ٹ
ˣ
ٵĻһĨⶸȻ֮ԭǺܿ죬侲
𣿡
ʱһϵ͸һޱߵȨƺϣһ־Ӹµζһ͵Ť˹ȥ
ˣʮѾȫϣеܶѾۼڴˣʱɺЩ
ͷ
ΧһƬžϸȥӰһſڴϣɢɽʹһϢȻҲųƴʳǿܶǰ԰һأСվڴǰһ
ͷ
ڴʳʷϣӵܶڰ˹֮ǰȳľǺͷǵʱ۹ڶǿܶ˳˾ӡֱˣ˹ֺǵ²лΪѪܶ
ȻӾ˳ǺͷھȴӵмߵһƥС
һײս˺Ͱ˹ɱˣʳ۹ûпԺʹƥеĴڣԣλޡ
Ǿͳɣ
֮׷Ͽڵ
ЩĴƽͰͺķͽǡ
֮Ѫ˹ſڵ
֮кɺȫɱ⣬һ
֮ķڵ
ҺͶͽᣬҪľ򡣺ɺҪһϴˡ
ƽû˿Ĳ֮;˺ɺʮ˵
¡
һʮܶ佫һ·ƺƵǵأɽźɺӿȥһɲǣضΪ֮

ͬʱңԶĺɺ߸ߵĳǽϣӰ飬ȫŰ͸ķһƬ¡ܶյģûκӰɺУսţһսǰա

û˿ףɺ⣬ĵ׸˹ͻȻ֮ͺԭĽ౻һһˮ𵴣һг˻¡¡ֻǺ̵ܶʱ䣬һӵ´ɺǽͷ˷ܵµĳǽͻȻɸһ
ô£
ͷϣĴһΪ
ȻֻƬ̵ʱ䣬𶯲ûԽļǿͺһֻεľڵص»ζǳһ㡣
쿴
ͻȻ֮ǰһͷϣһߴĺɺָԶȼ˳˵Ŀ⣬һ̣˷ƽߴһϸϸĺڳźɺķ
Ǻʼ緢˿һ㣬ܿ켱仯ֻƬ֮䣬һƬڵĺɫˣźɺˢ
Сģ
Ǵʳˣ
һ̣ͷϷһĺŽɺļžս¡¡ɺѸٱýԶƺӦ˵ľһ˾޴ĺɫʳս죬ӵƽ»𣬺ɫڿ趯
ɱ
ԶƵĺɺǣǵأãã纣ĴʳͻȻ֮γ䵶һʮĸһ㣬Ȼٳźɺ
𣿡
߸ߵĳǽϣ崩սףӸ£Զ¶һ˿Цݡ
ӵһ𶯴ʱѾǰϵ˺ɺͷĴǵأƼ׳һɲǣֻҪǿˣ᲻еһǿӾͺغݺݵѹ˹һ˲һĿ־С
˵һԤ֮С
ǣѦǧ׼𣿡
ͷҲص
ˣһжѾ׼еװҲѾϣ
ͬ
סֻҪְ죬֮ڣҪôʳ˹ƳţǾͲٹˣ
嵭ݶţ¶һǿĸȾ˲Ϊ֮ŷ
ף
˹ܿȥ
ȷֻҪס죬ܿʳ˵Ĺ𣿡
һԱߴͺķŤͷʳãڣ԰ͺķʵҲеľ


1173 Ͷ
ǻ壬˵ĸогƺһεĴʳûа취вɺǳ͸¶Ҫ˶סĹ֮⣬ֻδᡣͺķô벻ףΪʲôôƶܹԸʳ
Ǻǣʱˣ
΢΢һЦЩ鲻˹֪ͣԽ࣬й¶ʧܵļʾԽߡ
պɽ׼ɣ
ǣ
ǽϣպɽӦǣܿתȥ
꣡
Ƭ֮պɽһ£ɺĳǽһܼĻ
ôȥ֮ĹҹϹ˹սʰһݣ޲⻹мЩмսܵȻԴﵽԭɵƬսȻܷӳҪá
ǽϺܿ찲塢֥ǧϡа˺˴峤Լ䣬ȫһſۼǽŶ档
ؼһƬֻºĺХдصĺ
ϣ
ͻȻһҵս˻һԶգ۵ʱ䣬һƥɫս˳ȾųǧĴʳﳯźɺⷬ˵ע⡣
ϵ˺ɺţĻᣬ򿪳ţͶĻ֮ʱǵڣ
ɫսϣɫĴʳУǳ͡һ䣬꣬ʳ佫ͻȻӱһ̽ץһɫĴ󹭣͵سźɺͷķһ
¡ֻһâ۵糸ֻ˲Ϣӹؿռ䣬ӵ׸˹֧һӶ¡һݺݵĶɺǽͷֻߵľ롣
ˣ
ĵطǽ̮ݣļβݣǳļβϣһʳš
Ȥ
΢΢һЦһ죬ǽ⣬ǽϵĽɫԶɳ৵С
ᵯ˵ָöɫȻչǷɫս顣
еݷǳ򵥣ȴһͱ˵ơ
ʳҪװͶĻ֮ͬڵĺɺ˶Ҫȫɱ⡣ʳҪǣ
ͺķȻҲһЩʳ˵ʳҲֻаͺķܹĶˡ
ͺķеݣ漴Ťͷ壬ȴľ
ͺķʳ˵Ƕ೤ʱ䣿
帺ֶͷҲص
ʱʱظǾͻṥǡιǣǻɳ˺ͷ
ͺķ͸ǡ
¡¡ƺӦŰͺķĻԶˮ˷ֿƥߴ˶սųصսףãã纣Ĵʳ̤
һﲻȴһӴģϢĿֲѹɢһɲǼ䣬ɺͷϵСࡣȻûκεĶͨߣܹоõɽ纣ĿֲϢ
ͷ
ͺķһ۾˳˵׹ʵʳľͷڰͺķ֮ϣǳʱҲҪȰͺķöࡣ
Ǻǣ
Ȼͺķһأȴǳ裬һƵ᣺
ʳ˲ǸǰʱͶ𣿸ǣǻ濼ǡ

仰ǽһƬ㵣ͺķסˡ
ү
һɲǣ±򶼲֪˵ʲôˡ
⣬ǣʱҪ͸λһһϸҪʱ
岹
ˣ
ǽϣһƬţ漴ӦǷ׷¶һ˿Цݡ
ˣ¾ͽȥɣ
ͺķһӦǺЦҲӦЦ
ʱôүôҲĸʱɣ
ɣҾҪʱ
ôУ룬ǿô

ǽϣһЦӯӯһ̣ȫͼƬ֮һɰͺķдż㣬ѸٲһϣȻ󽻸һɺ֡
ѾǺˣţ
ǽϣͺķС漴ŤͷһԵ֣¡һ̣۵糸ؿռ䣬͵ڴʳӵǰըʯм
ϣһʳѸٳǰһϵ˲γȻ˺󷽵ĺͷͺ
֮׷ָһǷţֻǿһۣüͷ
ôˣ
չȥֻͬǿһۣͺͺͷͬüͷ
ν򿪳Ͷֻ˵˵ѣ˭Ҳû뵽˾ȻĴӦˣֻ˵Ҫĸʱѡ
ʲô˼
֮׷ϽеӸһԵĺͷǴʳѾõǿܶھߣֻսüͷһ£ϵݣλʳľͷסˣ֪ηӦ
ô
һԣ֮ķͻȻڵ
⡭Ҳ֪ĩΪһթ
üͷһ˼
˼ھͳɺ
֮ķʵȫںɫ£ȫı顣
⡭
죬ֹܵҪ˵ǡ˻ȥһʱ䣬ΧһƬžͷϺʳͳ˧һԲȫһ򵥵Ĵסˡ
ү쿴ĸ˶סˣǿ϶û뵽ǻظ濼ǡ
ԶԶأɺǽϣѦǧǡ±򣬰պɽڣ˶ڹעŵ׸˹ϴʳ˵Ķͷͺͣ·ʯһ㣬һӿǳ
ϣүĴЩһΪˡ
±ҲЦ
壬ǻӦ𣿡
ͬʱ֥ҲԶ̲סڵ
𲻴ӦҲνһжԼôѡ񡣡
帺ֶЦ
˲ûеȴܾãƬ֮󣬴ʳ˺ܿ˻ظݣһ֧ɫĳڳͷϣβŴʳ˵Ļš
ʳͬ˴Ʒ󣬵ֻʱʱٲ򿪳ţʳͻ
ͷϣյʳ˵Ļţ˱һ糣̿Цˡ
дһţߴʳˣ˵һԵķǳѾʼ׼ˣʱҪʱ䡣
屳ֶٴοڵ飬һ֧ŴƷţٴ˴ʳľС
յƷţͷͺɫԽĹŹˡжǱڴһâļսķչȴǵԤϡ
ͨǷǰʳÿǣֱһӵϣƺɺɱеˡ
˭֪ɺǸǽ񣬶滹жʮǸСĿ£ʳʤҲҪСĴۡ
ƷĿͶֻǧ֮һĸʣڴʳ˵ҲǲСջ󡣸ͷ۵ǣȻǶ״ƷмĸʹթƫƫĻظһгҲоݣʹȫ޷


1174 ӣϷˣ
ô죿
ֵˣǳѿ
ȥɣĸʱҵҪʹʲôϷ
֮Ѫ˹һ䣬ͷƺѸٴﵽһ£ܿ죬˲תͷŴȥ
Ʒ棬õʳϢһ󻶺Цĸʱ൱ڰʱ䣬ֻȫʳŪڹ֮䡣
߰ɣȥϢͺķ󽫾ͷϵͽˡʳȻŵĸʱ󹥳ǣҲɾţҺ͸ߴ󶼻˻ʱ֧Ԯ㡣
תһԵİͺķ
Ͱͺķһ·սλɺĴ󽫾Ҳ˽⣬սȺأǵˮ¶פڳͷʲô⣬ͺķҲΪӮȡ㹻ʱ䡣
ģͽҰɡ
ͺķĿѩŵ
š
˵ͷŤͷһԵҵ
ҵҲ°ɣϰͺķһͬЭ
ǣˣ

ӳͷܿ˺ɺĳһͬĻ֮Կ֮ԼѶɵˡ
ǰҷԸ鶼׼𣿡
ڴ£ɫص
غүķԸǴ߰ǰͿʼ׼Ѿȫλκε©
֮ͷһ񣬹
ˣҲѾ׼ˣˡ¶죬ѵĻ˵ﵽֵز𣿡
ѶɰŰɵӵڵʹǷѶɾڷ˼
ǵĻҲͰˣĺһôʱ²ֹǴʳˣҲ᲻ս
Ŀ磬شӼɨɫޱȡ
Ȼ˵ǰһֱɫɣʤȯգг񣬵ֻ֪еô򵥣Ūþȫû³
ף
ɫ࣬˷׷Ӧ
ȥһɣ

ǣˡ

ʱ仺ȥʳԽԽܼҲԽԽǰ뱼ڵĵ׸˹Ҳʮಽľ룬ʮѹѹһƬɢһǿѹ֮ǰԼʳ沢ûóȻĲȡǵȴŴƷĿͶ
գ֮䣬磬˶ڵȴĴ𰸡
飡
ܿ죬һ֧Ӻɺͷ£ǰ
ˣ˷ٴηţ˵еԽԽǿңȻѾдͬ⣬Ҫһʱ˵ʣµˡ
ųɿر󷽵Ӫ֮С
ʲô
õϢ۹ʬվɫΪջ𡣶ӪͷҲ׷üͷ
ô£ѾȥĸʱˣѵǻŪ
۹ʬŭ
ˣ֮ǰѾĸʱɺ˵ǰ
ʱһ
һʱ˵
εǳ֮࣬ÿ˶иԵ⣬˳էҪͶҲѻǵͬ⡣
ʱһڵ
Ƥһ仰˵ˡܸоõԼȫǸͳ˧Ūڹ֮䣬ָоǳá
ٸһʱ
ͷ¶˾ģָо˷ǳĲЩ֮ǰˡ
һֻŸ𣬺ܿ˺ɺС
Ȼһʱ֮󣬴ƷٴδϢûܴһ£Ҫʱ䣬Ѿһµʱ䲻ԶˣϣʳܹĵȴϢ
ˣ
һֻȭݺݵ£ӲĴʳҳһ޴ȭӡȻŭڣرӪĺͷҲüͻͻֱ
ⳡ̸дӿʼڣѾȥʱһ뻹ǻʱϵԽͷܸоЩڹʱ䣬ˣ˻ûа취ȫȷǵͼ
һʱٸһʱͶǸʲôɣǶж
ʱ򣬺֮׷¶ĵκϷоͷ߸ʱѾǺͷܹܵļޡ
ʱȥҪ˶þˣʱ´ʳĹ򣬿ҲΪˡ
ͷľڶֻʳʧںɺڡ
ɽ¥ܴƺʹʳ˭ûж֣ձ֮κʱҪ˫ᣬ˭ףһսʯ쾪ʬҰ
ʱĹȥɫȥ˫䣬֪Ѿӽʱ֡ڣһֻŸӺɺг𣬷˶ĴʳӪ֮С
һΣʳյ˴Ʒظ
ȶԼѵۣơɺԼڵõ˷ϸմ𰸣Ͷ
ˣ
һŭأͷԼʳ佫ų׵ؼŭˡ
̷֮ɱе˺ͺɺˣֻҪǻܺһ
ͷѸٴ
¡¡ԭƽĴأ˲Ҳˡʮ飬볯źɺƽʱǹӴ׸˹Ӷʧȥƽ
ɱ
һ춯صĺɱУС飬ǧ򣬶Ȼ֮ӶĴʳ˳ļĵ׸˹СսСһȿֺ֮һ㣬Ŷĺɺǳȥ
Сģ
ֻһĴ쳹漴ɺ¡¡սʿǽͷͬһʱ䣬꣬һɺͷϣǧܳһſĽ׼ʮɿ⣬׸˹һСԼϵĴʳ
Ϊһεսʳ׼֣ÿһս䱸һսʿͣػСԾ˵ٶȳŶȥʮɣʮɣɡʳ˾ӰľԽԽڡ
ţ
߸ߵĳǽϣ±򳤽һӣһĲǼǧܴƳ󣬶һܼܴӸǽϲжķ䡣䣬һһĺһ㣬ϵشӳǽһ̣һܼļǵأһ㣬ȫڱ˵׸˹ӵϿա
ͣԵĴɲǼ䵮һҽУĴʳ⧲ͱͷϷļ곹׹ᴩһ£ľ׮һ㣬ֱشСԵȥ
ֻͨͨһʳ׹䵽˱䡢ļĵ׸˹Уԭ峺˻ѸȾ˺ɫطɢȥ
ĴʳսʿȫǴطɶ֮ǰûкʹƽսǶԴƷĹֶκͷʽ׼һʧء
׼
Ȼִ٣ĻҺһСϣǧĴʳ˷׷óЯĶƶͷֻ뵽˴ϣ㵽սĺ󷽣սֵꡣ


1175 ɶ֮
ţ
һ£ǧļк£ס˵׸˹ϵĴʳˡ飬һηĹĿ겻ǴϵĴʳˣǻЩɵ׸˹ӵľ
Сģ
ľ
ʳ˵ķӦѾܿˣľϾͬʿ̫ܼҲûôס飬һ죬һľǧٿף˷һСףѸٳļĵ׸˹ӡ
һңңҡһľܿ챻˺ʳѾ˴ķеľƤԼǿԴڳǽϰװһܼӴķ䣬Ȼȫֵס
ƴۣȫ棡
أӴϢ籩ƽͷܿ˵׸˹ӱߣ̧ͷĿӹؿռ䣬ͷϵ塢֥Ͱͺķˡ
ȫŪڹ֮䣬úͷŭգ޲ýնɱ
ʳ۹û˸ǡ
¡
գ֮䣬ڶ԰ˡɺ˺ĿУľӼʮʳӺӿһ׷׵˵׸˹Уֻһ׸˹飬ٴα鲼ľ
壡
һһ֧֧㣬ٴγŶߴΰĺɺǳȥ
ҵѶɣԿ֮׼
ŶȿֺĴʳˣͷҲص
ǣĩ
ӦǣѸתųǽ¶ȥ
ǧԪ죬ʦǣҲȥɡ
֥Ŷ棬ͬʱ
ᣬȥɡ
ͬʱͺķڵ
ĩ
ͺķһ׵ĵ۹󽫹ӦѸų¶ȥ
ֻԽԽϵ˱䴩Ҳϵдֻˮ׸˹У˴˴򷭣γˢȥܴʳʧأֹڵ׸˹ӡڴʱʮʳ˵ֻ΢СĿ

ˮ𵴣˷ڣһľԽ˵׸˹ӣִ˶ĺӰ
սһݣһʳźصĺɫףȴľݳ˶ʵĺӰϡһԽԽԾ˺ӰŸߴΰĺɺǶȥ
ɱǣ
׼
׼

һ쳹£ʳٴչֳӴĶԱ֯棬ºĸܱȵϴʳˡܼķ乥£ʳ˲ûлңڶ԰Ѹ֯˹ǹ¡
Ӹߴΰĳǽȥֻһؼ׵Ĵʳսʿ͵װһζθѸƴӳһܼܸݡ֮УһʳѸóһ޴ĺɫƤӴȡһĽ
ǲӣ׼
ǽ£һʳ佫СһĽѸٽЩᣬսʿҪһͷġʿС
ͣ
̶ХУЩʳеġʿŰӣʹ˦Щǰˣ׼֮ʹһ˦Щִ󡢳صĽХţ۵糸߸ߵĳǽ
ݣھͷߵʱ򣬾˵һĻˣЩĩˣͻȻһָϸĸÿһĩ˶һĸצϣ߰˸ĸצ׷ס˳ͷʹĸͺɺĳͷεع̶һ
ϣ
һ£Щ̶ֱ֮ڵϣܿһֽýĴʳսʿ˳űֱĸԾ˵ٶźɺͷԮȥ
ǽ£Ӱ飬ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬׸˹ӶѹѹһƬȫʳռ죬ļĵ׸˹ҲʳսڱΣһ˻
ԽԽţ
ʱ߸ߵĳǽϣ帺ֶĬĬĸ·Ĵʳӣɫƽû˿Ĳ˶ڵȴ
һ仰û˵ֻĬĬעǰļĵ׸˹ӣԽԽĴʳ˶ɹ˵׸˹ӵĶʮʮ򡭡ӶľӴﵽʮʱкһԥĻһֱۣ

һ£ͷϣķͬʱǵصļХͬʱ꣬һĻУǧûжĴƳͻȻı䷽ûж׼µЩʳսʿǽǶбһֱĽ׼Ĵʳսʿ
ˣ
ǰ˵Ĵʳսʿڼٳ棬ͻȻǰһ˸ļͷԼ󷽾޴ĳ󣬶Ȼ֮һ۾ͫȴһǰδеΣз·籩ϯġ
ã
ǰĴʳսʿ־壬Ҳ룬ɿֱۣҪȥȻû£䣬һ޴һ㣬Ӿ޴ĳб˲ᴩļ򣬾޴˴ȥ
ۣƿգѪɽһŽĴʳսʿ飬ͺ񱻴һ㣬Ӷ׷׶Ѫ͹ڶͷƤҪըѡ
飡
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һʮʳսʿ׷ױӽϵͬʱһ޴Ľ̶ĺԶԶǧĴʳսʿ׷
պɽ󳵲ӲѣһˣֻһɱһǧʳսʿԴ˹֮սһգּȵĶȱպɽͿʼϸʹá
һ֮ǰ֮޲ΨһĴ
ڴ˵ͷĹֻǿʼһ̡
¡
һ춯صľ죬ʳ𾪵ĿУɺǵ޴̵ĳţһȻ򿪡ڴʳ˵ԤУⱾӦѵĲ֣ǰȴô׵ʵˡһ̣˸𺳵鷢ˡ
ɱ
һɱ춯أڶĳڣսڣǧˡɺԼһŭ۾ɱڣ˳
Сģ׼
һĻдʳһƬҡڱϣʳӵоԵƣʮȫԽеġں֮ڡ塣˭Ҳû뵽ڱռƵ£ƷȻ𹥻

Ӷ԰ͷɫ䣺
дӽɺӣܸκһᣡ
ǣ
ʮһɢѸŸ򴫴ȻһѾˣڵĵ׸˹֧ʱ˲ʳӲϵļ
ʳмʮĴǺľԼڵ׸˹֧ϵսȫɲóʹսĽֻкӶǶʮѡϣĴʳȫռˡ
ɶ֮
Хʱ˿̣ɺĳͷϣӸ£һĻ¶һ˿Цݡ


1176 սͷ
ӿ׸˹֧һ֪ǳرеĻԹˡУǳȫӳ˱ȴʳ˸Ӵ
Ǹӵļ̣ҲӵԹˡ˹սϣ廹Ҫ߽սиָ˹ˡͻ˺ʹʳˣǵȫûбҪһѾҪսԲǱ˵ġɶ֮
䣡
ĺڶڶĳУͰ䵱ȷ棬ڴʳҡһ䵶£ʳ˷׷߱սײɣУ߱ˣʮʳӵһƬҡ
Ͱͷĺɺ˺ͬһŵ׸˹ӶĴʳˡ
һлԶûн߸ߵĳǽϣһ̤ǿս⻷ʱˮкذ˷չȥ䵽սӳֵÿһʳ˵Ľ¡ϣֻһаʳս⻷㼱ҡҷֻһɲǣͷ׷׵
֮й⻷
֮й⻷
ʩչս⻷֮û˿ԥٴһ̤ս⻷ٴαֻһεĿӴʳ˻
⻷
彫⻷ӳֵ֮ǧʱ绢ٶȡݴʵʱһء¡ʳ汾Եֵһɲǣʱӵɾ

һߴĴʳ͵Ĵһ˲䱻һײУʱ˴ʮ׸ߣڿоѾݣȫྡ˷ϸ߿յˣ
쵰
׸˹ӵۿŶĴɽӿˡɺˡ׷׻ʬ۳ɽѪɺӣͷʱ׵ıŭ
ܶ֣ɵЩɺͶͽ
δ䣬缤ͷ޴ĺɫ綸ſ˼ͬʱڿն𣬺䣬ҵ˻УնȻ̤ݣˢˢֳݵӡ࣬޴գںͷĽ¾ͬʵĵһ㡣
ֹˣ̤ɲǣƥɫսʮֻͬʱһɹܵĺɫ棬ӳĵĩħһ㡣ϣһɺɫս⻷˪һ֮һԾǽͷ
˼ͬݶ
Ǻǣóˣ
Цһû˳֣飬һݣȻӸߴΰĺɺǽͷϷݶ£ֻһ׹Ŷĺͷ
컯
缲磬ڵɲǣ˫磬պ˲Ϣֳ»ӰһпսΪģ˷ӿͷµսҲܵӰ죬ҡΣվȣҪա
·һʳѪΪѪڷӵȥ

ͷһĻҲ΢΢ɫ䣬һֻɫĳǹۣ͵һǹȥһεˣ˷ϯȥ屬Ŀֲ࿹⡣
Сģ
ں֮׶סյͬʱһٵĴԱߴ̧֮ͷֻǿһһֻԶâƵͳ˧Ѿָú֮׷ľǣǰȻһģһ塣ԷϵΪȻûа취ֱĸ棬ĸǼ١
ⲻܣʲô
֮׷üдΪӰ֮ʲô̫߼Ĺһ۹󽫵ĻӰ֮֮٣һսû
ɱ
ľ֮ͷܿ侲䣬ͷֳֳǹͬʱ֣ӴĻɽ纣ȻڱŷݺݵشСһɲǣռ䶼·𱻴ˡ
飬Ļ˲ĭѡڴʱһ춯صľ촫

֮ʴ
ʯ䣬ӴĻصĻƽصײһ𡣺䣬һ̾Ϳâһ֮׷ϴһ͵˴ҳʮԶֱӴӵ׸˹ӵĶҵ䣬ε˱ըϿµսصһ̤һ·˻ţҡ˺ü²סΡ
һĻսһƬţ׸˹ӵʮʱѻȸһ𾪵˵
۹ʬ۹պǿܶͷʵԶ㶫ܶ˹ֶ硣˭Ҳû뵽ϾȻһоҳʮԶȫǸѹס
һĴʳͳ˧Ȼˣ
Уһֽţû׷ɱȥԴͻ˵۹󽫵ļʵһһ·ѾʲôǿܹᲢۣ˵ˡǺͷҲĶ֣ϾǴʳ۹ĶܶҪɱһʱҲ
ˣһɵ
̤յɲǣһɼΣյĸоͬʱ֮Ѫͺ֮ͷֳֳǹһͬʱȻͬķ򣬷籩л
ҪԶ𣿳㣡
ʱһͻȻͷϷδ䣬һӴϢĪܵЮƵӿк
ʲôˣ
Сģ
оɿֲϢķͷ󺧣ǰֵͳ˧ѾǳˣǣͷϷߣȻҪǿϸ룬ֻ÷ȫͷϷȥ
¡ɲǼֻ춯صľ죬ɻԵڿصײһȻһδƽһ𣬾ײһʱ͵һǵɽͬȥ
䣡䣡䣡
ɲǼ䣬ըɸߣǻԵɨΧһУϣǧƵĴʳҽͱ촷ۡ
ĻУӰڵ׷׷˳ȥ

Уķͷ˹ս⻷òײסΣ˵ɫò԰ޱȡһҵĽ֣Ȼֿסа˵ֽڸҲܵ˲Сĳ
Щ쵰Ϣûκɺȷʵ˼ǳǿߣֲײôǿĴڻжǿһξȫˡ
ȫ
ͷ׸˹ӻ죬δ䣬ٴη˶
飬һһʳܶ׸˹Ͽգ˳ȥһʮʳܶ佫ȫźɺķȥ
Щĵ۹ǿߣƿնͬʱ֣ǹϢǵأɽκΪ֮𶯡


1177 ׸˹ӵƣ
壬㣡
ĵһӰһֻӳͷ£˴峤ֳֹȣǳۡ˹֮սİ£ϴ峤аһսеָʵ
˼
ͬʱ֥৵һ³ӳǽϷɳ
֮
һ쳹أͻȻ𺣳ǧֳִ֮ͬӳͷ¡
֮ǰʱɱǵ£Ĵ֮һȦ֮󣬷ֳǧö֮ϣԾʹáǧȻû̫񣬵˴֮ͬ˵۹󽫵С
飬Ĵʳܶ׼Լ佫ͺķԼ죬׷״ӳһսڿʼ֮󣬾ݱһ۹֮Ķս
׸˹ӶսϿѸٱΣɶֳɶֵ纣һ㣬гˢײָѧҫ֮以ϣһϻ˫ѽѷ֡
ϣ
ͻȻһҵ˻·ʯ䣬һʳܶ¿һۣʱɫ䣺
λˣãǵľ֧Ųסˣ
ߴΰĺɺǽ£ֻĴˡɺԼطڴʳıкֱųǽսıԵϳɱ
ںͷԼʳܶ˼սʱ򣬴ơɺ͸ڴҵԼԿ֮Ĵ£ҲѾ˶Զʮ򶫰ʳӵϰҿʼȫΧˡ
󷽣ĺɺڣıԴԴϵظȥͷ塢ͺķսûнʮʳӾͳ׵رˡ
дȫˣ
ͷͷһĻҲͫһıɫɺĵ׸˹Ӵʱ˴ʳҪߡ
Ʒڶ԰ʮ¾Ͳȡԣһ׸˹ӣʹôʳıԮٶȼˣʮһĻҲȫΪ
ߣʱ뵽𣿴ҵԿ֮Һдȫʳˣ
գ
۹·˷Ϊ߱رʡսϺͺͷս֮ǰѾһа׵ȴʳʱѾϢеĲ𣬽׸˹ӶĴʳȫΧȦС
䣬һ£ơɺԼʱһ㣬ݺύʱӸսеĴʳ˳ɱȥ
飬ֻһɲǣĴʳܲһ׷׵£ֿס
һˣˣˣˡսϴʳܵٶȱлҪöࡣһбĹһһƬңȫ֪Ǵʲô
ɽʳ߼սУܹʹ˷ͥռһ˿ƣڵϣȴȫһ¡
ɵǺΧľӣΪ·
¡һɺɫʯһصغһ֧СɲǼ䣬ը죬սʿըķѣա
֮׷һȴڵ棬ͬһʱ䣬ҲĴʳܶ׷׽׸˹ӱߵĴ
ЩܶϣʳѸٴһͨͨһȿֺ󣬷׷սˡ
ߣߣ
һʳɫң̤űĺˮ͵̤Сսŵĳŵ׸˹ӵȥǵĺ󷽣ԽԽĴʳ糱ˮһ㣬˳ȱӿȥ
ȫٺ󳷣
һƬҡ
˹굤ǵĴϺ󣬲Ҫ˳
۹ʬͻȻڵϣŲԶźɫؼ׵ĴʳܶȻδ䡪
¡
ڴĺ󷽣ɺм䳨ĴУһ˾޴ͻȻ֣·һɽ׳˶ӰͻȻӳд̤˳󣬸һ֧һ֧һִݿҵƣ糱ˮӿսϵĴʳȥ
ͬһ֧֧ľӣѸ̤սϣһһʳﻹûӦӭ汻һսʿ˴ϣ̼ޱȣ䣬һ
ƳľӣһƬһƬĴʳӲͣص£ЩƾӾĵһոսϵĴʳ
ǰͺ̵ĳȥֶӵķâȫݺһ㣬һȥͱ׵նɱصĵڵϡǧǧǧһ򡭡
ȾȻսƽٶȴԶԶĳеĲҽڶǴʳ۹½ľӣһμʶƶŵֳѹױȣȫԽ
ʳľӱѴھԵƣڼȶľżս֮󣬴ʳѩϼ˪ıɽ޻֮
ȫٺ󳷣
һĻҧݣڲòеĽָӴȫٺ󳷡
أ
һĺŽӶ԰Ӫзһĺ󳷡
Žʱ򣬴ƺɺԼɱţΧߵٶȡ
飬һ߾ʬɫ԰׵ڵϣֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ʮϵ׸˹ӶĴʮһ򣬲ãã纣ĴơɺˣԼͬһƬƴһ㣬˷ϵƼ
ռԽԽСսҲеĴʳ˺ڡ
ͨͨ
һʳŲ·˴æ˽˱ļĵ׸˹Сˮһ·Ρĸܵ󷽴ƾӵϣĴʳǧ򣬷׷˺ˮ֮С
ˮ֮лֻһĸʻ൱󣬵˺ͺɺ׷ɱϾ·һ
ǧǧǧԽԽĴŶ԰ȥĴԶߡֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ڶĴʳӼȫУս˶԰ͬһʱս˻ͷԼеĴʳܶ佫׷ڿն𣬻̤ź棬߷գȫ˶԰ķ
͵ɣ
ӱ߻һξ룬˻ֱֹˡ׸˹һ˫нȿԸʳˣͬҲǶԴƵһƬʳ۹ĸشƱռλãҪ㽩ֵģǴʳǴˡ

һֻƬ̵ʱ䣬еıȫ˹Уֻµ׸˹ӶƬʬ


1178 ׼ս
ˣô죿
һ׸˹ӣĴʳأ׷״ӱĺˮ˳ӰߣĲʣԵĺ֮׷ϡ
ˣ
ɫ̧ͷһϷֻܲ΢Ĺâ͸֪ѾҹĻʱֻ֡£㷨ôҲֻϢģȴս
ľӻûе𣿡
Ťͷһ佫
شˣѾȫ·ˣֻ䣬ټ϶ɺӵĸŹڳأһЩ·̣Ҫȵܸϵ
ʳ佫ͷ
仰ӹһ˿ŭɫΪιǣʳ漸ȫԱ׼ҲȺܶööࡣ
ԭսУʳ׼˴ĸɺӡֻΪѾ˴սòٵȴЩصĸˡ
ôҲû뵽ΪԼһʹþӸ˼صĴۡ
оʱұ뿴Щɺӵĸţ
ͷҲص
ĩ
佫
дһŸ﷢£͸ǶıԶԶϣܹǲĵ۹׵ЩˡУпܣΰѰܶǲЭɺսʿ
ϵ
ˣ
֣һ˫͵شڴʳ۹죬ײȣҲ̫ࡣڴʳײƴʳ˫ۣںڴʳսУײһʱŭӾ֮˳
ô꣬ײһֱڴսȤ֮СΪ˻ײһѩǰܣһֱǱ
ôндţʵʵѾײֻǿһۣ͸о׵ɥʧս־
ֻѰĴ˵Ҳû˻⣬˵仰һλʳܶ鴫֮ʳ˾޴𶯡
б֮ײй֮޲ʱṥԼѣڵ۹ڼûͰﳶ̫Ĺϵ
ˣϲսܶգҲһҪıֻҪǹͿˡ
ڴʱҫ֮Ѫ˹ͻȻڵ
ǴˣմڶԸϲߵˣԼũϾˡ
ڵ͸һ˿ԥ
ʳȻǿޱȣҲĵˣͬҪȥأĹԽ࣬⵽ķԽࡣҲǴʳ޷һԳܶԭ򣬴ʳܱߵĵȻûдôǿ󣬵ЩСķȴֻ಻٣ҲǴʳ治òڸطפԭ
Ȼʵǿ󣬵ĵطǳҪ׵
뿪ʮҲ̫⣬⣬ϲĲѵȺɺʮоǿ𣿡
˹
⡭
ͷһӳĬˣһԶвԶԶ˴ʳܱߵκһǼҪǿ
⣬ȻƷľֻжʮ򣬻̫࣬չֳʵȴĿõġⳡսûôʼʳѾʮǴʳܱߵκһ޷ġ
ˣȥ죡

ҫͷֽʮʳ֣ܶȫһһ¼Ƭ֮һֻʳѸڿն𣬳Ű͸ķȥ
ȥȵеĸŵ֮ɺӷȫеˡɺȫɱһ
ǣ

ҹɫŴʳ˵ȴɺһƬƽУԽԽ䣬ûע⵽ΰ͵ĺɺǣһ㱡ı˪ɣʱ֮峿ʱҪ䡣
ʱ˿̣ɺȴǵƻһսƷ΢С˾޴ʤһлԶûн
ˣô죿ʳȻѾˣʧ˵Զûе˽ǵĵز
ĽһϯԪ쿴Ŵ׵壬ɫ΢΢Щء
ҴӴʳսսԿֻһĹǻ׼øӳ֣ҲѸֹͣˣҵǻĸֺͱϾ͸̫ˡ
ǧҲڵɫޱȣⲻǺʹʳ˵һνˣ˹֮սǱΪѾ˴ʳˣʳ˵ԮԴԴϣһһԽԽǿ
ֹˣһи뵽ɺ֧ԮǡҵõϢʳܱе⵽ѹҵĸоʳ취ı߷ӣԸǡڴʳ͹﷢˵ǿѾǵĸ֮
ͺķأ
ǸԶʮȥԿʳǲģûдƷ֧Ԯǿ¸޷֮⡣ľܹһ𣿡
˵һ䣬ͺķ壬еĲѡ
ƾɺ̫ԶˣѸ߹ƵԮܵٲô졣ȴֲֹһε͸¶˿Ե´ʳĹҼţһжƣ̵ӡ
ͺķʵ벻ף̵ʲôʼΪڱܣֻǶԼû뵽Ȼ֥ǧǾȻҲ֪
ˣ
ͺķĻһɲǼ䣬˵ĿⶼеϣһٿڵĺڼҲһ˹ÿ˶壬ɫζڴ
ⳡսеڣѾ˵Ĺǡ֥λİ󶼻Ҳ֪൱
ǺǣеһҶѾ׵֮ǰһԼ
΢΢һЦ
仰˶¶˾ȵɫ
ôʳӣڶĵ۹󽫣ܹһѾ൱ˣȻ˵֮ǰͿԽЩʳӣֱš
һˣֻΪһӣǴ˵ٷҲġ
һܿڶΣ֪а֮ûȥʱ仺ȥԽԽ䣬˫Ѿͣսһ׸˹ӣڳⶼһƬš
ɺǶϷһװ޻ԲУһյţ谵ĵƹϥţһҹɫɺһƬž˳׸˹ӱڵĺˮԼϣ˻ʲôҲûС
ʱţȻǰʲôԸоõǳص˶ĬĬעԼȴԼ
ûж֪ͬڵȴǼĵ
ˣ
ڳ˼ʱͻȻһ

һع


1179 ǰףСڣ
Ŵ򿪣֮һϮ£˽
үԼʱˣҪȥˡ
һռƻ°ɡ
ĬƬ̣˵ͷǼûڷ嶼ȫ׼ѾӽʱǼ٣ȴûг׼ܻܿ벻
ˣȥš
֮˵ͷܿ˳ķ䡣Ƭ֮ԭƽĺɺУУһƬӡ

ʱ˿ֻ̣һ֮ĴʳӪأʮʳӺѹѹһƬûзһҹɫɭս綼ǰɫģԽԽ䣬ƺĶ춼Ҫö࣬书Ĵʳʿ˵ڳܵķΧ֮ڡ
أʮʳӵɷءӪǰеĴʳ춼ۼһãעԶߴΰĺɺǡڴ˵˹ǳأɱˡɺԼһѾҪˡ
䣡
ͻȻһƬӵӺɺڴͻȻı仯ʱ˵ע⡣
ô£
˵ǰ֮׷϶̧ͷǰĺɺǡ
ˣѵЩҪ𹥻
Աһٵ
ܣ
û˵꣬һԱߴ֮Ѫ˹ҡҡͷԥ
Щ˺ͺɺ˵ľӣԶǷһ𹥻׸˹ҲΪǾ޴谭ǿйɱ졣
ǣǵʲô
۹ʬҲ˲ɫ仯
ɺڵĶʵ̫ˣ˵ĽǶȿȥƻͨһɹɻֱͨʣǺɺĳȴǽţûκζļ
ʱȥеʿӵһԴ׼Ӧκοܵͻ״ɺڳ˸ӳȡͨ⣬һжǰһӵҲѸٵȥ
Щһﵽʲô
ѹѹĴʳӪһʳ佫һ仰˵˵Ƿϡ˹ǿܶҲͷˮȫŪ˵ĺ«ﵽʲôҩ˲׼ֳôĶΪʲô
ȥȫ䱸˾͵Ϣ⣬׼ǣ
ϳһ仰Ѹٴ˴

ɺڣһкܿƽ
ڷһʱѾȥˣȴеȻûзɺǳ˸⣬û쳣
֪Ѿʱһ̣üͷ
ܵģѵҵǼ鲢ᷢ
ɫƽȴһЩû⣬ԼڴеǼӦѾ嵽ڶûпκεס
ΪԼԭ򣬺ܶѾ˺ܴı仯;޴ƫûбᣬҲûжʧ˹ûʧܣʤˣеĶͼȻͬѵǼҲΪԼֵԭ򱻳׸ıˣ
֪üͷԽԽǼΪԼԭʧô֮󣬴ƽҪԵ׸˹Ӷ԰ʮĴʳӣڶܶ佫ԼԮͺķ˵ģһ֮Կ۹⽫ǰδеĶսʤã
ЩͷԺһӶв֪һЩͽǣʶϵĲ豭׼һڡ
ȻŸոմյߣһꡱϸ죬΢ţڴʱĶУȴһ㡣
Ƥһʶĵͷȥһ̣˳Ծ鷢ˡֻ豭УƽĲˮ棬һ㱡ĺۿɼٶȸ棬ұ˪ڲͣӣټӺ
һ󺮷͸΢΢Ųŷ촵˽ӹĵطǽϾȻۿɼٶȽһ㰨İ˪еĲ豭һϸı˪

⣬ҹɫдһ󾪺ֻһʧˡ
ˣ
һ·ʲô͵Ťͷߵűߣ֨ѽһ˴š
¡
һɲǣͺһ뵽һ磬ǰ޾ķѩһϸϸİ˪ͷͱǼ϶ˡ⣬ȼգ֮ѶɵԼĹںɺȼ棬һ¯ϵسŨ̡
Щ¯ɢһƬʹɺҹձòô䣬ڣеĻ涼·ܵһѹƣһ¯âѸٱ
һɷ˪͵ϯʮĵطһ¯۵һ˲Ϩ𡢱ԭȵ¯Ѹٱñ䣬Ȼϸһɫı˪һ̤ɲǣԽԽ¯ȻϨ
ôһĹؼ¶ֱ½ʮȣһԾ˵ٶ½Ŀһװı˪Ծ˵ٶִأѩХǰܿһƬ
ϣ
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬ͻȻԶһϣ˻ʿľһɺǽһ׸˹ӣʳ˵ӪһƬҡ
壬
ʱһϤӶߴ֥״ӷѩд̤
䣬ڼٽ£¶Ƿǳ
󣬳ǧϯԪ졢¦ʦǵҲ˹
ôķѩǹʱ򿴵ǽѾˣǸô
ǧҲڵ
ⳡѩ̫ͻȻˣҽ¹̷ǳѸ٣һڳ½ǧﶼоЩ˵ˡ
½̫ˣһȣʮȵ½ȥͨʿܿܲס
صģѾ׼׵ⳡ£˵Ǹǻ
Ԥϣ˵Ļ岻û˿ĵģһϲáŤͷĿҹɫеĳ⡣֥ǧһ漴ʶ˳Ŀ˹ȥĿķ򣬼һɲǼ·ʲô
ѩ
ڳڵˡɺˡ˵ȻǸ鷳ڳ⼸ʮ¶ӪĴʳ˵ѡ
һɲǣ˶ʱ׹ˡ
壬ָĻᣬ𣿡
֥岢ؼķѩͲİ˪ͻȻڵ
š
˵ͷԼڴһѩˣһѾûıҪ
Сڣ
ĮĮķѩжһͷԼ⣬֥ͺķڣû֪ⳡѩζʲô
ͨķѩҲκһͨ϶֮κδ֮ǰض׺󣬲֮ǰ˹֮ϿճֵǳɫʴⳡѵĿˡ
ǰһĻΧıѩֻⳡʽǰĳ̽


1180 СӣϮ
ⳡѩ֮󣬲ʱ䣬һʷǰĴ󺮳ңԶıϯ£һʷǰĺ
ÿһεĿ¿Ắʱ䲻һ£Ҳ£ǳʮϡ
⣬еĲľȫ԰ƵܴⳡϺ޼
ⳡϺŵ˺ѣԼһϵеĶͺڰ
һϵе飬ʷ϶ΪСڡ
еˣû֪ⳡϺжôĿ¡
꣡
˵һؼ¶ٴ½һأվķſڣ˶жһ޴졣Ǹ߸ߵĺɺǽϣֽһƬ񺮱˶Ϊ֮ľ
ˣ½ķǳеİսʿҲϽȥ¶ߺ͵ؽѡ
ͻȻŤͷԵĸ֥
ʲô
Ļ˶סˡ¶ߺ͵ؽѣЩ׼𣿵֮ǰʱȴû
еһҶѾ׵ûйĻӰӦѾȥ֪ͨˡ⣬ҲѾ÷ѶɡԿ֮ʹﴫȥë޻ɵ·ѾȫŵʿУ֮¶ߺ͵ؽѣ¶Ȼȵر࣬ҲҪů͡
Űڽ
һû˵꣬ǧϯԪ졢¦ʦǵİһͣ𾪵˵֥¶˶ݵɫ
һµϺûκԤϵĵԸ֥ǧ˲Ż鷢ԺҴҵҵ塣û뵽ǻ˼ôӦԵʱѾеһаŵ׵
⣬û⣬ͺķӦҲѾɳ֣֪ͨеİˡⳡϺԼǰĻҪµö࣬ʱҲҪö࣬һвŸոտʼ
һ֣ص
֥ǧԼİ𾪣Ѿ˵ˡν˳ᢣʤǧŴҲˣѾߵķ룬ôһɲǣһޱȾηĸо·ǰվĲһˣһĪ
֥˺ܿ뿪֮ǰµаŶɵѸٵõִСѩԽԽǵأ硣ֵķѩУɺȴǸİ
ү
Ƭ֮ĮĮķѩУһҵǱ޽ʹӰԿ֮Լպɽ˴ӷѩѸ˹ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ؼ¾½һء
һȺͷ롢ֱϽһı˪¶Ѿ½ʮȣҵպɽЩ˶΢΢оһЩ⣬˵ˡ
ʱһнҵʱҲʱеķѩʱȷġ
ϺУͨսʿѾ޷ֵȻҲ̶ֳȵ޷ʱĵֵϺ
еͨսʿްë·˵ؽ֮УڻڵƶģǾ
еıѾļϣʱԴүʲôʱ
ҵ׳˶ɽͦαֱ͸ŨŨս⡣
ǧñһʱⳡѩֱǰδ˶ڶⳡϺҲΪṩһѵĻᡣ֮ν֮ʱ˺ͣһֱڽڵģǰⳡͻıѩǽʳѵĻᡣ
ҵһ䣬ΧʱһƬžӰպɽƲ졢Կ֮ȫ壬ȴڵȴʱΧԵԽļžһ߸ߵĳǽʳ˻ҵľţѩ޷ѹס
ʳ̫ˣһͻȫǣʮû˿׼ǻҵľ˻õ֤
֮ǰķԸһ֧ĴѾļϣʱɱǧѷļУʮʳһ
Ȳ
Ԥϣ˰֣ܾ˵飺
ٵһȣڻǶֵʱ򡣡
ⷬڴȫͬһȺȫסˡ
Ǻүǹ۲쵽ⳡͻ֮󣬴ʳѾ׼ȫˣڻжܿʧĿܶʧȥõĽᡣ
Ӱǲʡ佫ְսλᣬĴʳˣȵϺǺܾܿʱ򣬴ƿûлǵĻˡ
һԣպɽȻû˵Ҳ͸¶ͬɻ󣬱٣ʱϵԽʳӵľԽࡣ
ûô򵥣ʳӲˣ
ĿһޱȣͶ֮УȻȻ¶һǿţƺؼûʲôܹƿأ
ӺɺѩԴرҲӲԶʮôܵģʱԽã˵Խֿ࣬Խɢңǲǽʱ
Ļ˶סˡ
ĩ
˺ܿ칪Ӧ֮ʵʵһ棬˺廹ǲĺԶ
ҵ˺ܿȥֻһվڷѩ֮УĬĬȴ

ʱ仺ȥʱ˿̣ɺһƬžʱһ࣬ҹɫеĴʳӪȴһƬҡ
ˣⳡ̫ˣ½̫죬̫ˣսʿǸֲס
ЯȫסˣսȫӲԣ˱
ˣǼֲסˣ

ŰıѩУһ佫ɫţ˻ߴţȫѩɢˡⳡ̫죬̫ͻȻˣ˶ˡ
ڴǰˣͷһεִɢеķѩͿẮų⡣һԲȻϼάƽѿȴй¶
ô
ǰԶߴΰĳǳأĿһƬҡ
ֻһֻҪǾͿԷѹԵʵ׵ĹͽռĳǳأȻⳡʷǰĴϺͱȴȫǵļƻ
ʮĴڱͼٽµ˫ش£ѾһƬңٲ֮ǰ׳ۡһҵ˻ʿļ˫еѪ˵ɫԽѿˡ
̫ˣˣ
ˣˣ
󣬴һ佫ҵĴ󺰡ʮ𼱣ȥٲˣ¾Ҫȫû׽
ˣ
˴Ŷ棬ͬѩǣʼռžһĺɺ˽սɲǼ䣬ͷԺзӵ
Ź𣿡
ͻȻڵһ˿ϣ
ˣеģѾԹˣɺȫı˪ǣǵĽ겻ѩңˣ첻޷ǡֻܺ󳷣ɽǡ
һԱߴǲʵ
ͷ뷨ֺû»ڼ½ĿẮ£ƾһǸֵסġڴʳսУеһжǵˣΨһûпǵⳡϺ
ֻжǳأ뷿֮УпǿֵסⳡϺĻʮܻܿ᲻սܣ⵽ǰδеشʱ˿̣ľǺɺǡǺɺϵļʱȴ˼ʮԽǵ˵лжʮˡɺ˺˭Ҳ֪ԷǲԤϣ׵
ʵ̫ˣ̫ˣ


1181 ѩ׷
ŭ
ʣ

ԽߣֿɵõĳɹǾʹ䣬

ڣԽԽķѩ¶ԽԽ͵ļϺɫŤţò´˳˵¡õͷɲǼдȫ泷ˡ

ʼˣ
վڷѩ֮У˫ԺͻȻһͷ͸ĮĮķѩҹɫ֮Уʳ˵ıͻȻࡣھһ֮󣬴ʳ˵׳־վǵֲⳡСǰϺ
ڴȻǰʵ̫̫΢ˣ
˻ڲϵԶĬĬļ㣬ȴûз
ؼ»ڼ½ҹɫ֮УѩŰӵʹüʳҪˣҲûеôס
ˣ
ڱѩܼ½ʱ̧ͷ˷ѩĮĮգ
Գˣ
¡
һ̣ʯ쾪һ֧ĻٴѩѸٳ˺ɺĳŴһ̵ˮӳϽȥļϡϺļڣֻһľ죬ɺѩĴţٴκȻˡ
ϣǽʯ˻ڷѩ֮дԶ
һһ㣬Ӻɺڼˣһ磬뵽һ磬ݶɺʱ׼Ҳ̲סһ¶𺳵ɫ
ںɺѾǳˣֻڴ򿪳ŵһ̣֪綳ᵽʲôز
׸˹֧ʧڵĺѻɽʵļߺĻѩȫһƬװģϺ硣Ŷ԰ȥֻӰӰ´£ĴʳӪʴ۴αȣȫ˱ѩеһ
Ϯ
ͻȻ֮䣬һԶԶģӶĴʳӪдѸٴƽ۾һУѸٻعޱȡȴôʱ䣬ֵƷˡ
ϣ
һԽĽȻҹɫͱѩҲţŰڣĳͺķĽɫ

¡һ̣غĮĮķѩУһ˫ص߸̧Ȼ̤£ļͻѩڵһըѸٴӵŶķѩȫų⣬ȻһȻѸŶ԰ȥ
󣬴ͻϸѡˣɺˣѡʵǿľ籩ŶɱȥһƥһƥĴǰͺ̣һɹĺƲɵ
Ϯ
ѩŰϯأ˭Ҳû뵽ƾȻֱѩصʱ򣬷ʳ˵ӪһƬҡıѸٵĻ㼯ǰֵȥͼֵסЩɺеľӡ
һжѾˡ
䣡
ʮɵľһԾʵģĵ׸˹ӣһԾ˴ʳӪء
ɱ
ͬʱɱ죬ӰĴʳѸٵ˷ӦĮĮķѩУ飬ǧĴʳѸپۼȺ˵ķɱͬʱŽӽ֮٣Ѹٳ˹ȥ
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬֧Ѹٵײһ𡣺¡ֻһɲǣ˳̹һĴʳ߸߷𣬲ҽ׵աûеļսȫǳһ浹ɱ飬ڶˡɺˡɵľǰƬƬĴʳܲݰ׷׵¡
ǧٻĽŲû
¡¡ȥǧƵĴʳ׷׵˵ϡ
죡ˣ
赲ǣ

һĴӱѩд˻ڳŵ׸˹ӵķۼǸˣ򶼱塣飬һʳվսԣѩ׼һ̣ĮĮķѩУһͻȻ֣ϵһգȥʳԴ
ʳһ̣Բ۾ƺţԼˡ
ңͬɱĴʳﲻ˻ûֱѩУĸ򣬾ѾȥԴ
ʳ˵ʵȻķǳ
пţ޾ķѩѩ飬ûпͱſˡһսʳ˵ĵֵءԸоЩʳʵķǳ»ԭĳɡ
ƾֲεʵܶԿݴͣ׼Ĵơ
ּϺҪҲѡʱ֮󣬲ŷҪԭ
ɱ
˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬һɱӶߴգʮʳðŷѩɱȻֻǻͷһۣһ̣飬ھ廹ʮʱЩʳ׷׵˵ϡ
ڵѪΪһɹ㣬ûڣѩ޷ɢ
ȫٽ
ܿعһϣһУ֮й⻷֮й⻷⻷һŷѸɢ׸˹ӵһҽ쳹ҹգࡣ
һ󱩷ѩͼϺѾʹúӰĴʳ˼ȵ֮Уս⻷ʹЩʳѩϼ˪ȫ˾֮С
飬Ĵʳ˽Ӷ׷׵˵ϣѪڰĻѩӣܿͽˡ
ХܿŸȥ
͸ķѩһѩӪӪ֮Уһ͹ĶѸע⡣ȥֻһʳսʿɵڵϣֳĵ棬Ŀ־塣
ŵôģϸ˺ĻѩϣѾоκεϢһݡ
˱
һսȻдĴʳ˻Ҳ˴ԱЩʵ˱αѩУֲ֧סȵϺԼصĴˣʹⲨޱʧȥȥ
ϵĽڶɱսĴϢ̤һƬעȴȫŵЩʳӪصġϡһԽԽ౻ĴʳԱҰУĻҪࡣ
ʳ˳ˣЩ˵ʿѾһԱķĹ
ÿֲϺ±ȼеǳҪ䣡
аԺд˷ΪĽ룬ʷȷʵ˺ܴı仯ǳʷǰϺûʧǱñԭӸӵĿ¡
⻹ֻСڵǰ׶ѣѾ˿ֲѾţС٣ʱẮ䵽ֵز
ү
ʱһӴӶдŤͷֻѩĮĮϸСĺөһԼУѸٵĽӽʲôөֻ˶ĽӶѣȼյ̿𣬿Хﴵȥ̿ȼյԽԽ㱩ѩҲ޷Ϩ


1182 ϮɱʳجΣ
¯
֮Ƶıܷ¯֮˵뷨֮רƵģӿʼ깤̶̰ʱ䡣ж񣬼ÿ˶¯һڱѩбң磬ȡů
ֱ¯ĻΪսƣΪЩսԶӴҲҪЩů¯
ʳӪصİǧѾȫүָʾ
¯𽥽ҵߴҲֳ
ҵʳ˵ټ𣿡
üͷһܿع
غү̽Ѿ߷ǵټͺүԤϵһʳ˹ȻʼˣǵѾȫˡѩұγ˼ǲӳԶ
ҵ
ܺã
˵ͷعĿޱȣ
ȥȫ׷
飬ڸ߸ߵ㣬̤£ѩĭУݶŴһ·׷ɱȥ
ѩĮĮѸʧڱѩУԶԶȥӰֻөڷѩ˸
ϰѩѱ涫ԶԶأֻһӰսǶС
һӴʳڱѩѾȫʹ󲿶ʧȵĽºϺʹѣսĿڡǡ۾㼰壬һı˪жǳٻ
ģô飡ûЩѵҪⱩѩ𣿡
֮УһʳĶӳ̲סɫ԰ףɫѿޱȡ˭ʮĴȻһѩܣֱһǰδеĳ衣

ͻȻ֮䣬һҽıѩдͻ˲˵ע⣬һ˫˫ĿѸ˺󷽡
󣬴ˡʲô
һʳɫ࣬ͻȻ촽ɫ͸ŨŨη塣
ѵѵЩ׷ˣ
󷽣һʳͷԲ۾Ǿ֡
סڣҪ˵ֺ
˻û˵꣬㱻ǰʳĶӳˣ
ּ򶼿塣˸ܳǣԹ˲Ͼô׷ǣ
ݣ
ҲʱͻȻһȴ󣬾Ӵʳ󷽣һĳӰյķѩи֣գ͵һ˲նĩβһʳͷ­
ǿͷ­Բ۾ɳ߰˲Զһڵϣѩ
һɲǣʱ䶼·ֹˣΧһƬšеĴʳﶼ۾ǿűնͷ­ͫ𾪣иġ֣
ӣ
֪˭һɲǣʱȻ֮䣬еĴʳﶼ·ܵһ㣬˷ӴܡǿµսҲ·ܵ޴ľţ˻šԭֱҲӿ˲٣ǰȥ
Ȼٿٶȣù󷽵Ĵ
ˣ
һȦεգҲѩȺʳﻹûܳԶ㱻һεĹ⻷ӹǵڶЩʳʱͺһһٶȲϵ½˵ϢҲ½˲١
ɵǣ
һ
һɲǣããıѩУȣĵөȵһƥ׳սϹһףӷѩԾһڵϡ
ӽӷѩгư㣬ϯѪ䣬ҽһһʳﱻƾ׷ɱ־ĵڵϡ
׷
ӽơɺͣ㣬ӴϷӶǰ׷еĴʳＸһҴ棬ʬء
ӵ׸˹ĴʳӪأһ·ͬһ籩㣬˵Ĵʳֻһ·׷֪ڵĴʳѾҵʲôز
ʮ·;Уʧʧȥ֯Ĵʳˣ˶·ϣѩս
ӺͻϮʱЩʳȫ¶˼𾪵ɫ㵽ǶţȻðżֱѩ׷ɱǡ
䣡
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ʮ·̣ĴʳﱻĴһ׷ϣһһնɱֻԾ˵ٶʮĴɢʮĵ·ϣȫûһ֮
ԾԵƴݿ࣬ɱƵĴʳˡ
̶һʱ䣬ʳ˵˵Ľ¡
ү
׷ɱʱһͻȻУө͸ѩ弱ٽӽȴҵǰǧһңƵ˫֮͸ǿս⡣
ǰִʳ˵ʮϣʣǷ׷ɱ
ǧǰվ
ʳʮĴӴһ·׷ɱɱĶЩɢ£ڣҵǵ
ǺǣҵĲǵ𣿸߸ߴˣ
һ䣬һݶѸʧڷѩ֮С

Сģ
˽󣡡
׷ɱˣ׼

ھ˲Զĵطһ֧ѣʮʳ佫ۼһããĴʳ˵ټѾй¶˶ңû뵽˻ʱ򲻹˷ѩ׷ɱ
ѵʹ֧Ѹ˷Ӧųĵ·ʮĴʳѸټУڱѩĬĬȴ
˵ʱʱ죬ϣĸУһεĲƾ޴ޱȣȻǰıѩɢˣֻһɲǵʱ䣬ǰʿϵϢһٵ˲Ϣ併һ΢ĵز
Ϯ
һĻΪ׵Ĵʳʧɫķһ˻ϵ⻷ǸƵͳ˧
¡
ͬʱʯ쾪ͻһ˻Уݶ
ЩÿһһƶıݣѸⲦʮ˵Ĵʳȥ
ãǰ
Щޱȣװݵ׳˶Ϊ׵Ĵʳ佫ͫһıɫ
ɵǣ
ѩǰɺ˵Ĵ󽫾ͺķ籩һ㣬˲ʳ˵Ӫ֮С䣬âһɲǼ䣬ͺķһа㣬ֱʳ˵ľУ֮԰ټƵĴʳսʿײֱӷеıѩû׹䣬Ѿ
ϣǧలֳɰʮ飬ͬʮĽһ㣬֮٣ݺݲЩԴĴʳСһҽУԭȻԴĴʳ˲һƬҡ
ɱ
ǧలˮкһ㣬˲佫ǰĴʳӽʵһƬң˻һƬЩͣûͣһ£һ·ɱȥ
ԽԽľӴӱѩгͬܼУϵŴʳ˳ȥֻأеĴʳ˾ͱȫ壬˫ʵȫһ𣬾Щ߾ȫҲ޷ֹⲨܡ


1183 ʳ
ܵģܣôôˣ
ڴǰʳ佫֮Բ۾𾪵˵û뵽ô˴Ӻɺ׷ɱǵʵûж
ˣʳûκֵܹסǣ
ʳ佫֮вһĳˮסʳľڼȵϺ˺ܳʱ䣬ȫƣʵ½ķǳЩɺе棬ûܵٵ
죡Ϣǰķ´󽫾ǣˣ
ʳ佫֮ĶڵѪ֪ЩȫˡȻ֪Щ˺ͺɺʹ˰ݡȻûȵ˵꣬ͣһէйһĳٶȣ͸طѩ˲䶴ţݴǿࡣ
ãÿ죡
ʳ佫֮Բ۾һ˵ϣһۣһƥѩսսϣһԵʮꡣ
գ
أسû˿ı仯ûһۣ
Һ׷ɱ
һʮ·;ϣŴһһ˵Ĵʳӡ̶̵ֻʱ䣬ɱĴʳ˾Ѿﵽʮ
巽ı͵Ŀ

ǰӦþǺͷͺˣ
֪˶ãŴѾǰ˾ɺʮ￪⡣ɫޱȣҹɫоѩ޷ڸǡ
߸֥Ͱͺķ󽫾бᣬ׼ս
ͻȻ
׷ɱԶֹһ֥ǧͺķԿ֮Ѷɣ졭ɺ㳲
ҪʳڽҹǧѷûĻᡣ
ণ
䣬ĮĮķѩУһһļХӸ򴫳һԼźšһΣ֥ǧͺķ˶ͳԵľӣеľӶ볼ָӣⳡжǰᡣ
ݣ
һȣһ̣ӷƣһִݿɣ޵еź󷽵Ĵʳ˳ɱȥֻƬ̵ʱ䣬սصʬµľӲ涫˷Ӵܡ
ͷھʣˣ
һ˿⣬Ѹǰȥ½øˣ

ʲôˡɺˡűѩں׷ɱǣ
ɺʮ￪ĵطƥսͬް㲢һ𣬶ϣǴʳ۹ͷ
λˣϢѾȷϡһֱ׷Ǻ棬ҵΪֹѾնɱʮˣĿ󣡡
ǰϢĸٵͷɫޱȡ
Щɵˣ
ããķѩ˴ϣºݺݵ߬ȭͷɫߺޱȣ
ᣬ׼Ըˣ
ǣ
Ѹȥ

̽ǰֺͷټѾڼ׼Ըǡ
󷽣ͺķ֥ǧĽ죬˴峤а˺ȫۼΧ˵ĿⶼϣȫΨհӡһ·׷ɱʮɱĴʳ˲ڣ׷˺ͷͺˡ
жûжϣּУʳ˵ǰٶȸ첻ˡȻӺɺɽǽһٶǶڵĴʳ˵ȴһޱ;
ѩͨսʿʵܴ󣬵Ƕھսʿ˵̶ҪСܶࡣң㱻Ǹɵô࣬ʳҲʮĴڵıºսʤˣ
ͺķɫ΢΢͸һЩԥ
ͷͨⳡѩȻ˺ܴѣǽǾܵġѩڵ۹󽫵ʵ΢΢
Χû˵˶塣սʿҲȻļں󷽣зȴ
Ǻǣ
ɫصı飬ͻȻЦɫȻȫûٴеĸо
ͷȻûеֲսʤĵزңʳȻʮǱѩҹʱʧ˿²ͷܾۼʮѾˡʮɢʮΧ޷һһ㣬ͷҲΪⲢ˧ԭʱпʿ
ңڵĴʳʿ䵽˹ȵףⳡѩѾ׵ĴݻǡڱѩдʱԽĻʾԽеĴʳսʿֻܣӵ󷽵ĳǳȥսͷľٲпᣬҲֹǵġ
ĿǣгԶյĸоƺûʲôܹѵס鲻ԽΪ֮۷
ҹƣͷܹۼı࣬ᳬʮ򡣡
嵭
ڴȻǰǷǳСģο⻹ͨıѩеʿֻܵʱ򣬾ǺͷҲΪܾۼʮѾ൱ˡ

ĻȻû˵һ˺ܶࡣʮȻɲ٣ѾǲԶԸˡңƷȻֻȫľ񣬲ǰĴڣԶʮкܴʤʡ
ô죿
һĸͻȻڵһսϵشȻʧȥ˾Ȼӵв׵ʵһսͨʿ⣬ƷҲ൱ھ񾡳ˡ
ȣ
ǰŵ

ããķѩ֮УԺͷΪףԣܶ佫ۼңǺѹѹһƬĴһƬɱ˶ڵȴšȻʱȥˣʲôûз
ô£˻û𣿡
ͻȻһͷһʳܶȴƳĬһ仰ɫ仯ҲüͷһԵĺҲƤֲĸо
Щԡ̽ӵϢЩ˵ٶӦѾˣҷûеڻûжǡ
һɲǣһͷӹԺû˵ȥɫȴͻȻ԰ࡣ
ڹʹս
һԱߴͷ֮һ˹ɫû˵İػ˵˳ɲǼ䣬ΧһƬţͷԼĴʳܶ佫ڣɫѿޱȡ
ЩʹõıֻҪǲ뿪ͷͺ˾ûа취ĵǰɽǣԼĺˡѩԽԽԽԽͣʮƬѩֵ֮ԽãԽǲ
ȻЩ˾ַǣ޷ж

쵰
һȺʳܶҧгݣȭͷҪˡȥԶҪڱĵλ
УȻǲôǾȥȥȫ
кһܿ˾
䱻ĵȴĽѩڼӾ磬ҲǴʳĿǰΨһ취



1184 ѩսƣһ
׼
ڴʳ˳ʱԶ忴ǰͻȻЦ
ʳ˱·Ѿˡߴˣͺķ󽫾Ҳ׼жɣ
䣡
漴ͻȻѸʧ˷ѩ֮СһΣʧķȴǺͷоڵķ򣬶ķ򡣷ѩһɱϢڷѩ
¡֪˶ãͻȻ֮䣬ս˻ƥĴʳսɱڣȳѩս¡¡ǧսɽХӿʧĵط
ô£أ
ǰյѩأͷʱסˡ
ЩĻ쵰ǾȻˣ
һĴʳܶҧгݣһŭԣЩ֪ǹһǰˡǸҺʹʳԿ
ϣ
ʱͻȻһɱӷѩдĽжϣúԶͻȻ˵ע⡣
ãߣ
ʯ䣬ͻȻ뵽ʲô͵ĴһҲ룬תͷķɱȥҲһƬңŷϳ˹ȥһ˵ҲЩˡ
ιֳܹ··ȳ··ڴʳ棬սԷǳ򵥣оˣȻں˼սʱ˳׻
ǵʱ򣬺ŻȻо֮⣬֧ӾȻȫӰոյĺɱȴǴġ
ϣҪ²źã
㷲һһּȲĸо

¡¡Ƭ֮󣬺ͷͺҵǰ˪ѩһƬҵĺۼǱѩҲ޷ڶʱЩ˺ɱĺۼѾûνˣϣᣬʳ˵ʬ壬ս൹ڵϣţڱɫ壬ܿͶ˱˪Ȼ彩Ӳһ
ʬУϵҵһܶʬ壬ǵĺۼڵѪһɶ׳£ڵһھԶĵطһ˺ɫĴʳĲڵϣڱѩ趯ǵı˪
˴ʳս춼ѾѪˡ
Ǳˣ
˹ĿȭͷҪˡ
ǣǱ·飬ǵô֪ģ
Աһܶ仰ûܹشʳ˱·ʱľ˿֪ˡǲܹ˷ϵ˵Ȼɹ˴ʳ˵Ĳ
սеĺܿ죬ԷռѹԵơһܶսոտʼͱնɱı򼸺ȫǶ֡
Щ쵰
ϰ޲ѣȻ䣬ͿһӰԲǰ۶ȥ
ȥ
һϳ˶ԷıӰ͵̧ͷ

ԶԶأֻ֣ʧڷѩС󣬷ϡ˹仰ǻ𣬷·Ҳʲôɫһ䣬ںǰȥԼյ֮һȺ˸ϵ˵ڶս
ӸоΣһ˾Ѿ߾ȫǳˡսѾֻһƬصʬ
ˣѾ뿪ˣ
ڵϣӵһѪı˪
˪ϵѪûȫᣬȻ뿪ʱ仹á
ˣԷֱǵϢ𣿡
һʳܶȭͷɫǷŭ
ѣѾǵľӻһʮķΧڣֲʮıм޷ֱ档
Ϻ
һ仰û˵ѩֹǼ򵥵ô򵥣žҵϫ仯ټؼļ罵£Ǻͷĵ۹󽫣֪ܴܵĸšڴȻǰ˵ʵ̫Сˣ۹Ҳˡ
ѰҵԷ˧ɱ۹󽫵ֻе۹󽫣޷ҵЩͨʿĻֻԷ˧
һ佫ɱѾ˵ŭ𶼼ˡ
ǵģɱ
ֵܼǴִ

һβȷϿڣȻشˣһƬʹ࣬Ũɱ糱ˮ
ЩĻ쵰ȫϢǸ֪ǵĴڡ۹֮໥ӦǸá
ʲô
仰˶¶𾪵ɫ
Ǵˣ˵۹ּܹϢģһǶĹԷôɱǵĵ۹󽫣Բֹһˣѵе۹󽫶ֵزȫԼϢ𣿡
һ佫
һ߼佫սףվһʳܶ󣬿ǳ׽һ߼ܶ١
Ϊһܶ٣ԽܵܶϢ۹󽫼ǿߣ˴֮ͬһǿ߲һȻӦҪԼϢԷĸӦô򵥵¡
پ֪һɺܶǣһģ޼
شǰɣ
ѩһ͸ѩ˶У֮ķƥᣬըĺɫսӺ󷽻Ŀǰɫޱȣ
ΪԷĶУһǿߣܹ󣬺Ԫҡɱǵĸ֪һεսԷбζǼ䲻ڵ۹֮ĸӦ۾Ͷãɱǻܹϵ
ķһ䣬ͷڣĬгޱȡһսеĻҪѣȻǻʮıڱѩȫɢӲơЩˣ֪Ϊʲôܲ׽Լټⳡսĳ̶ֳϣʵѾˡ

һطװѩϣǧĴʳ岼ɢڹĴϣڼϥĴѩмѰ棬һ·С
ؼһƬž
ɱ
ͻȻ֮һ춯صĺɱ˴ƽûЩ˷Ӧһ渲źĻѩһ㣬ӱķѩɱڳеĴɱȥ
ϣһڿеƣɲǼһſͷ­Ӧ𣬷ɳϸߡ󣬵ڶ֧֧󣬴ӷѩϯһɱ
Ǻɺˣ
Ϯߣ
һʳѸϳеһоʳͳκɺôãںɺ˵ĳϤˣǵΡһ۾ͿԱʿľ˲һƬңܡ
Ȼڷѩжһʱ书½رִ֮ܵˡ
飬գۼ䣬ֻһһʳ׷׵£һЩʳ۾ĳȥҪЩˡɺͬھе䵶ȥ׾ͱˡ
Ȼ󺮹һϵ
ڷѩаôãǵ֫ѶýӲԶû


1185 ѩսƣ
սܿȫչսŵĴʳˡˡɺ˺Щĺ󷽣ԣһӰӺ󷽻˹
Ŀ磬ɨΧŷѩдЩҽû˿ĲⳡսԤеȫһʱԽãʳ˵״ԽּսѾòԲˡ
׼һ£ͷͺں棬аյĹǾҪϹˣĽս
ɫݵ߲ͣȴ˶
ˣЩʳôָϹ𣿡
һϯԪ쿴ǰ壬Ǿ壬֪Ϊʲôÿ嶼ܹ׼ǰԤеʳ˵ĵȫ޷׽Լټǵصıѩƺȫûκεĸá
ϯԪԼҲԹǿȵıѩУĸ֪ᳬһɡ
û취£ÿսܴᷢ죬Ľ;ıըܹ͸ȥͷǾЩϹġ
һƽñʧҲ㵽ͷͺٸϹҲѾˣеȫĸ֪С
Կ֮ҵӰҲְɣĽս
ǣ
һԿ֮ҵѸٲǰ岼Ĵʳ
һҽڶŸԿ֮˵ļ룬սٶȼӿֻ࣬ڰϣ΢΢۾һ
ˣһѸٹͨԺе֮ʯ
һ̣˭Ҳ֪âһǰһ΢Ĵ½أϸȥǴʱ˿̴ӺɺɽǵսӰ½صͶӰϣеһоϸţȫֳ
ⳡѩ½Ϸչ¶šϷһӿĿֻϷͣƬ̣ܿĵط
ˣ
âһǿ΢½ѸٷŴ½صı棬ֳС㡣˵ĺ󷽣һƬĺڵ㣬ڼƶ˵ķ
ġ塱ơ֮ʯ֮еݣ֮ʯеһݣڲֳǿá
ⳡѩǿҵϫ۹󽫵ĸ֪ܹƾšơĸ֪ͨ½صͶӰʳ˵жȫڹ֮䣬еıɡֲǰԼʱ䣬ȫһ࣬Ѹٵļ
ӽĶ½ͶӰʹⳡѩ֮м绢ҡ
壬ȥ׷ɱĴʳ𣿡
ѩһصУع̧ͷֻ֥һƥѩ׵սǰԣͺķС
սʱûҪ죬ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬սûһվŵĴʳֻԶ˵ܣĵıӰҲֲ˶ˡ
ˣ
΢΢һЦ˸֥飬ƬϣѾϮ˶ʮۼĴʳƬĴʳѾˣʣµҲһЩɢ£ɢķΧǳ֮Щʧ򣬳Ŵ󺣵ķȥʿ
ȥɱЩɢºʱǣһƬʣµˣǺͷͺЩˡ
ߣгˣǹ
һ£нֹֻƬ̵ʱ΢ɨһսٴűȥʧĮĮķѩ֮С
ʧ󲻾ãս¡¡ļޱȣӺɺķ򼲳۶
䣡
ͬһ䣬ǧսѸٳѩĻ嵽ս
ͷͺٳһ·ϣֻҪɢĴʳϺͷ˹˾ͽɽһ·ߵıûм٣ѩһ·ӣǵ˶ʮ
ͷͺַͨʽ£ⱻơ

ǽʬ壬۾Ҫˣ͵췢һŭ
ЩĵСһҪʬΣ
һ·缱ǣʮ𼱵ĸϹ󿴵Ļֽ˶Ҫˡ
ϢŭѪδɣӦӵòԶ
һʳ佫˵ϵѪѸ̧ͷ
ҵĽӡָһȥ׷ɱʿˣξԲǵóѣ
һ佫Ҳ
սʱ䲢ãĽӡָʾЩ˺ͺɺƶķ
һ·ں׷ɱеġġ˻ر
ߣ
֮׷ϣͺһ۾Ŀһ˿һĹâ¡ս˻һݶѸȥеıٴγ糱ˮ㣬ӿȥ
ɰǧսӿĴߺͷԽ⴦սʱͻȻ֮䡪ϣ
һҵ˻ӱıѩдûȵЩʳ˷Ӧһ籩Ϣ㣬ѸԽգսɱ
ͬʱ֮ǰһƬŵıͻȻ֮ɱ춯أŰıѩڸǲסֻգۼ䣬Ƶıӱıѩгɱ
ã
ԶѾԶĺͷźһ±ɫ
ߣǱˣ
һȺɫɷޱȣ룬˵תͷѸսȥ
ϵ˵жѾܿˣվˣһֱš֧ʮĴڱѩݷôãȵľһ̡
䣡
ûȷϸϵսԶԶأս˻𣬵񡢺ɱڶƬ̵Ĺһ¡죬ʮʳӾͱĴһΪضϡ
иͣ
̫
һ󱩺ڷѩ쳹أϵʩչԵķָԭһƬŵĴʳӽһиԽĻҡ
䣬һΣΣΡͰԼķʽһһηĳĴɾЩҵľӣڼսֳΪһεϣ赲ĺͷͶӡ
ˣ
һĻһʳ佫ͷڣȫŭޱȡǰֻƬ̵ʱ䣬սͱһƬҡӴʳ˵ĽǶȥǰѩĮĮҵĴʳӣֻ˻ֲ
ǿд壡мľȫֿ
۾죬ǿԷбһܵϣ¾ģ¾ֻȫûһ;
ϣ
ս˻ŷϵͷߵľ㣬Ӵ֮ǿдȥźɱҵĵطɱȥ


1186 ѩսƣ
׼ƻɹͷѾ֣׼ս
ͬʱ嶸ȻסսĶ¶һ˿Цݡͷÿһʵǿ󣬺Ͱ˹ҲѶãھ·棬ͷԼûһǰ㡣
ˣ
ĮĮķѩУ嶸ľһֱۣɲǼ䣬Ϊģеľɢһεɱ
ɱ
һ˻գƬ֮һƬҵս˲䱻һǿݺ˺ͷͺڶ͵شѩɱ
ɵǣ
ĿѪ죬һ۾ͿսŰڵ壬һɲǣ˶񡣾ôʱ䣬ڷѩǣűתôãڻҵλƵͳ˧
һеף
¡¡ʧʳӻһ޴ļ׶ӻҵĴдֱŶնɱȥ
Ǻǣ
ųɱĺͺͷ¶Цݣ
Ϲˣ
ͷİΧȦС
ϣ
һǹѩ쳹ս˵ĿУ尺ȻȻͰͺķǱɫĽֱָա
ã
ȻʲôûŴݣȫ飬п𣬶Ȼһּ䲻ĸоȻ˼һ̣϶һ쳹صĺɱ
գףķѩ˷ս飬ͻȻ֮ӱѩз̤ɱ糱ˮϯ˲Ϣ˼㡣
СģϮ
ͻȻ˷ɱĴһ˲䣬ͷɫ䣬һɫѿ˼㡣
мˣ
Ψһͷ˭Ҳû뵽ЩݣսɱʱȻʩչмƣһȦȴˡ
˵ľٶȫڶԷԤ֮С
ɵǸƵͳ˧
Ŀһ䣬Ѹ¶˾ġΨľ棬ֻиɵ鷳֣һеͳ˧пܳɹƾ֡ݣ͵һһȣȳķɱȥ
ͬʱ˹ķ˿磬弲ȥ
ʳˣǵĶ
ͻȻ֮䣬һЦսգصУһӰһһ㣬ѩӾʮ׸ߵĿз֥裬ĵڿУǹһӸ£ŵķϷȥ
ǹ֮ǰ˸ľ޴ҫޱȡ
֮
ͬʱһ࣬ɺ˴󽫾ͺķŷ˹ײȥ
һĻ˳ų𣬻Ϊһž޴Ľɫ棬ڰͺķϿգ̺Ļޱ޼ʣκǿߣΪ֮
ɺ˳ݵo֮һɺ˵Ĵ˵ֱΪ̫ΪɺĴ󽫾ͺķеǻдǿɺѧ
Ԫ粨ķѩһ£ϵؾ£̮գ֮仯Ϊһֻɽı˪ƣʳܶݺȥаˡ˴峤Ҳʱʳܶȥ
ɱɱ춯أǧϡѶɡԿ֮Լ죬㳲˷ŷϵ˹ȥ
ĹеĴʳܶ佫ˣһȺɫʣһȦףרΪǶõȦס
ƴˣ
Ҫˣ
Сģ

ʯ䣬ϸ룬ֻǿṦҼ䣬Ҵҵĺ塢аˡ˴峤սһ
䣬սķѩͿ񱩵ľЮһвϵ𵴡ըͷͺԼĴʳܶȻ߾ȫͻĴȫǶ֡
ۣа˰һָǧ϶ΪһΪһĽһʳܶһ̴ʳܶϴһףױâһͲǷƷȻȴаǰͬ裬赲һ¶ͱаһҪ
桭治ţҾȻЩͽ⵽Щʲôˣ
ʳĵ۹ܶԲ۾Ĳʣһصڵϡ
ǧܹѰԷϵҪаһֻҪϾ
ʳܶĵ£սƽѸٱơ
˴峤еİɫ͵صһֻ˶ʳֱܶӴ̴ϵףһٴ̴ࡣ˴峤аˣǹ߾ͨĴʳܶǵĶ֡
飬ԽԽ˵£ʳԵֹˡͬʱΧ⽣Ӱɱѩĺ޷ڸǡ
е۹󽫼𣬶սսʱ򣬺ͷʿҲſĹ
֣ڵһֵоͽǳ׵ػɢĴʳһͱնɱ
ɵǣСӽػڰСҴ壬Բ¼ᣡ
պɽһƥɫںָӣ򶨣ĿѩͶ֮иһ˵ȡμǰļս󷽵ıָѾȫպɽ
ĥ³÷ԿຮպɽһսĥٴչֳΪδ󽫵ɡ
˹ɺһ·սССպɽչԼǿѧϰڣѾԽٳָȫ֡һ棬պɽҲӲʧ
飬ԴơɺİΧȦʳ˱ɽܼײУʳٶȵļ侪ˡǧǧһһֻʱ䣬ͷıͳ򣬶һԸٶȼսããһƬǴʳ˵ʬ塣
ѩУѪζѸԽԽŨܡܲһ׷ױնɱĲ£ϵ˵ĶڵѪ˵֯͹ԶԶƣۣ־ֻŵĴʳ˿Աġ
ϵ˴ŴʳѩвάʱЩȴ·ˮܼıѩͼȵϺûиţѵ
쳷
ɽ纣ۻʬ壬Ƿŭʺ;
ٶȱĻҪö࣬ٲˣȥЩ»ᱻɱøɸɾ
䣬͵زתͷһԾԶȥ󣬿Լ˧ܣеĴʳҲ׷׸ţԶٱӡ
һɲǣʳڷڴѩлܴƵĴ㣬һ㣬Զɢӡ
׷
û˿ԥ峤һָŴѸٳŷϵܵķ׷ɱȥʳ˲Ǿ־Ѿ׵رϵȺͷҲ˵ֿǼ׷ɱսʱ


1187 ֮գ
¡¡ϯȥڷϵ󣬲׷ɱһûκֵܹһ·׷𱱣֪˵˴Ƶ¡
һ·ں󷽣̶̰ʱֻɱ˰˾Ĵʳʳ˷ʬҰ
飬ڴ׷ɱʱͻȻһ׹ӾӵĩβڱѩУ΢ţֵ۹󽫵ĶУȴһ㡣
ͣ
͵ؾһֱֻۣ֧ͣһɲǣ岦תͷѸٳŴĺ󷽶ȥ
壬ôˣ
ڴĩβͣʱ󣬸֥ͺķҲӺ󷽸˹
ôˣ
ûлش𣬶˴ĩβ׹Ĵ
󣬴û£Լս
ѩУսʿ˺ۣڼĲ£ӵվ
һѩ׷ɱɱĴʳ˲Ͼʳ˲ͨĶ֣Ϊʵǵǿ׺ȴġȻʤҲ˲СĴۣҲвٵʿⳡ׷ɱˡ
ʿѩ˿ڣ̧ͷһķѩ֮ǰԽԽԼΧʿսĻ⽥΢ͿҪϨĽĿȻ˸һ¡
׼ˡ˼̷غɺǣ
ͻȻڵһ仰˵˶סˡ
壬Ϸ磬ô׷𣿡
֥ʵʮʳӾôһͻʷǰļѩټڱѩһ·׷ɱһսǰδеľ޴ѫΪͳ˧ôʧδЩϧˡ
ֲȥˡ
ҡҡͷ
ⳡϺԵ˫һģʳ˹ȻʵʿʵҲǳأټȥǶ޷غɺǡҴʳɽǻһ֧פľӣ׷ɱȥδռ˱ˣ
ǴˣŴõĻʹ˷֣δϧȵǾһս
ͺķҲһʵ
ɺʵ̫һʤˣһʷǰĴʤɺ˵ǡǡҪġ
Ǻǣ˭˵ֿ֯ˡ
ȻһЦɫһɰ⡣ȻˣζͷŹ˴ʳˡ
һսӿʼڣѾɱ˶ʮĴȻûм׷ɱǴʳ˵Ѿǻɢжʮıʧڷѩ֮УıѩУҲκεڱ֮ͷλȥܴضʮѾ൱ˡ
Ļ֥ͺķǧϯԪ죬ڶĽȫסˡʳһٴ߰ʮıѵⳡѩ˵׷ɱȻʮӴ
ֶ˵ġ
û֪ôõֵģ֪Ϊ˿϶Ƕжϣû˻ɣôೡսѾ֤ȷαѩ¶Ԥ֮С
⡭ĻͺķҲû飡
ͺķƬ̣ܿص
һսܹôʳʮȰͺķĽҪõöࡣ
¡
һɽǵķ˺ܿһ£Ѹźɺǵķ۳Ҷȥ
¡¡
ʱ֮ɺУ󣬺ɺȾ޴ĳźȻرգһսˣ׽
ͬʱɽǺȻʳǿܶվڳŴɫأӭŴѰĺͷ
ϲȫ񡮴ʳķܰʮʳӣӮúɺսʤ40000㣡
ϲ˹֮ս˳׽С
ϲڡ˵ĶԾʤ4000㡣
ϲ˹ڶ׶񣬽20000㡣
ϲ˹ڶ׶Уɱʳ36ܼ70000㡣
ϲúɺ˵2000㡣

ţصԼʱ򣬾ͺĳεբţһ̣֮ʯһٲһԺзй¡˹֮սӿʼڣΪΣûȫȥ൱ûн
һ̣ͷȴʳ൱һʱڣʧȥ˹ƣɺ֮ʯڿʼ׶εĽ㡣
⡭
ĽŲͣżķʵǸı仯ڣ˵ģ֮ʯʱһˡˢ£֮ʯƺŷæļ㡣
ڣ֮ʯս
ϲ۳ͷԼ֮ջ122110㣬ܼ131450㣡
ǰֵλɫ壬˲סˡһʱã֮ʯĽԲ٣ҲûϵĽȻôࡣ
ȻΪȫʱһ̣֮ʯٴ
ϲǰɡ˵ɡ˵ƿߡΪ˵ߡ
˵ߣ
֣ȣûϵһսʤȻƺҲˡ
˵ߣ⵽ʲôЩ˵ĳƺŵʲô壿
һɲǣվſڣԺд˷Ȼһ̣һ
ϲóƺ˵ߣ⽱10000㣬عܡ֮ա֮գһеĸԴĴȡϢ߻ȡϢ
ע⣬ùҪ
˵䣬֮ʯ㳹ʧˡȫԺгֵϢˡ
ġ塢ƣ֮ʯһģû뵽֮ʯȻܣ֮ǰʹûгֹйһƬצ
һܿ칵ͨԺе֮ʯ
ġ塢Ϸֳһгɫ塰֮աĸ򵥵ȴһصĹâĸĹâԶԶѹġ塢ơ
̽һӴɫ壬ϣлȡ֮յİءġ塢Ʋͬһ岢ûлȡκεϢԺֻ֮ʯĮ
ѣδ޷֮գ
Ժ֮ʯ˳˼þò
ô٣ӦѾӽǳƽٵˡ
Ժͷܿع̤䣬ͬʱһϷš

ҹɫܿȥ˽ӷ̽ͷһⳡǰδеϺͱѩȻûж֪ڸԵסԼ¶ߡѨܱѩʱҹѾһעʳ۹ս


1188 ĵǣ
ܵģܣ
ңԶİ͸Уʳʵ۹﷢ɽǼѩż㣬ɫ԰ף
߰ʮĴʮܶ佫кͷͺһʷǰӴ﷢ڴһɾķɨе˺ͺɺˣȻһѩȫ롣
ӽʮĴڻѩ֮£ںɺɽ֮Ĺ򣬽ﻯһƬѩⳡҰܾһ׶ش˹﷢ࡣ
ȷͷڣʳ۹ѾһٶĴǿܶԼսܶײĵ۹سʧܣµ۹ʵ۹﷢Ҳɫ԰ףѡ
ҾţҾţ޻ôľӣһȺˣ
﷢ԽԽңɫҲԽԽһ䣬̲ס۾죬Ž˳ֻ꣬һ죬﷢ָһգźƳɵķը鿪
Ϣŭ
ɫһæڵأһϻ̳Ͽ֡

ڹ﷢Ϊŭʱ̤̤̤ŲҴңһʳϢһֻʳҴ˽

ϵĹ﷢ͷ­һͣѸٹ˵ϣ
ոյ˵ϢָƻЭ飬𹥻Ҫ⳥ʮƽ𣬷ĻǽǴʳ𹥻һὫҹսսʿȫϺɺĳͷʾڡ
ˣ
еܶ佫Ȼһ׷̧ͷϷĵ۹ʵ۹﷢ɫ䣬ޱȡ
쵰
ֻһʳʵ۹﷢̲ס
壡һҪʬΣ
ڴʳƬϣΪʳϵǧһۣʷǿľԸķһνгһ˵֡

үôʳĻӦǵҪ⳥ʮƽ𣿡
ʳʵ۹﷢żļҪѪʱ򣬴ʱ˿̣ɺУѦǧСǷд϶ʮƽʱѦǧоԼ඼ڲ
ϣһǧƽѾˣǱÿʱҪ飬ҪϺþòŻСߣһ̸еʱҪʮƽ𣬶ڣֱӱ˶ʮѦǧоԼӶе㲻ˡ
ǺǣȻᣡ
巭һ飬ͷҲص

Ѧǧһסˣͣ˽Ų
ķͷϣӦǵҪŹˡ
΢Це顣һɺĹŴ鼮ԪٴĵڶܱѩʱһҹʱͰ˴ƵԣĶǳ
Ǵǡ
ѦǧһԻˣ֪ԷӦǺүдҪʮƽأ
ǺǣϼûбȴʳҸеˣʳʵ۹﷢ͷϣԸҲգǻġ
Цڴ鱾̧ͷ
Ǹԣģָԣ۹ĸԣƸ䣬ڰҽռһֶѡԴȻԣÿ껧ҪΪľѲ
ǴʳͬʳĻʵ۹﷢ӵ۹˵һȫûΪĸҴʳĸԣҲȵĸԣ۹Ȩײ͹﷢ϣ˵ʳܱߵĸȻ˳ɰǧĲƸȫʳ۹ľϴһգ׸ԼĻʵ۹﷢﷢ĸԣҲͿ֪
еĹ﷢岻Ķǲˡ
δļƻҪӴĲƸ֧ţ﷢õġ
Ѧǧ壬ƶǶ
ˣ
Ѧǧ̸ʱͻȻһ˵

Ҳ룬˰ֵ
Ŵ򿪣һսʿܿ˽
ˣҹ㵽һ𣡡

⣬ѩǰɺ͸֥۵ʱһطһͬչš
ֻͺܶĲͬûκһˣֻкɺ˺
󽫾˵ʵҲˣʳͱ뺷ôĹȣȴһٰܣڶ̶̼£ȻѾһٶֱšҵģƿ³һ᳷ߣʱʳ˾ҵȵʱ¾֮أһнḶ
һǵ
ʤˣҹһսٻɱʮĴʳӣĴݼֱǰδУǴʱ˿ȴǳЩֻšʤԽףԽ˵ʧȥ
ȻڵԮʳ˵Ĺ׻ɹڴʳ˵ƤӵԼ˭Ҳ֪ƽ͡ʤԼֶáʳ˵ū֮У⽫˶޷ܵġ
ѾӦΪͳ˧𣿶˺ò״Ϊʲôǻǻ᳷ˣ
ԣ˵ִѾһʱˣǵΪֹûнӹܳƹɺļ󣬶Һʹʳ˵սѾ̫ľ񣬵ͣںɺĴƾ˶ȫҪͳһطļơ
һվ
ںɺȽŸܵڶûоɹȻɺ˵İͼ֮ңԶҪǾһа취˷
һҲڵ
һа취
˷׷׸Ÿ͡
ͺķƲͷһۣһ˳һ˵ģǴʳһ䣬ɣӶԳȣӵмߵ˿ܻ뿪еĿֻҲͿ֪
ͺķû˵һ˫üͷȴԽԽֺγûֵǣֻǲᵱ˵˵ѡ
󽫾λͳ˧ߵܲ취
ʳ˵ĺݶͲпҶ֪ģ뿪ʲôҶ֪ѵҪֲ״𣿡
Ѿʳɱ̫ˣξҲ᳼ǣΣǶҪץסᣬ취
࣬׷ڰͺķߵ
֮⣬԰ͺķΪߣ˵ĹϵҲҲǰѰͺķԭ
ʶ˵ǿ󣬼ʶλƵͳ˧ڱѩеĹҡϡǻۺıԣ˾ԽӺʹ֮ˣҲԽϣܹɳõսˡ
嶼뵽սֳġƽ͡ǿҵĲ
ǣ鲻ҿԾģҪ뿪ôأ
ͺķüͷһ䣬ͻȻһƬš


1189 ıϣ
ʵһ⡣
ʱһԥͻȻӴĽ˲˵ע⣬еͺķڣȫ˵ˡ
ͺķһۣϳǴʳĳ䡣
ڻΪ˫Բͨ˫֮以⣬Ҳ޷Ȼ
սֻͨ˲˴˵˼²ʿ֮䣬ûκεĽȻҲ̸˽⡣ܹѧϰƵԣǣ˫֮һ˽⣬һҲȻͬˡ
˵ĿУüһ̵
ȷʵǸ⣬Ҫһ㣬ҪԵʦҪǧɽˮɺ˲ͬ⡣
ڴʱһ
Ҳ
˹ͨ˽⣬˲пܳĸãֻǴɺټڵôӴҪʦ²ϤҪõʱ䣬ôҲǱʲСķãδػͬ⡣
ڴƣҲ˽⣬Ƹǿʢǿ׳ݷ棬ɺ»޷ȡЩԵʦδԸ⵽ôԶĵط
һ䣬϶¶ǵɫ
ͽɡ
ʱ򣬰ͺķˣ
ʦ׽ǿṩѸǣֻҪ㹻ı꣬ŻǻһЩԸ⵽ġֻҪܹǵľѣŴҲֻջҪ˴ӦС
ͺķվڴͲĿ߳˴
ܲܳɹͺķҲû˿İգϾǺɺˡʹʳ֮ս

ͺķĵģʱ˿̣ƿţһѩ´̧ͷһ۾Ϳ´Уڻǰĸ֥ͷüͷ壬ʲô޷⡣
ˣң
ֱ߽ӿżɽ
֥΢͵ػع
壬ˣɡ
ˣʲôѵԴ˵ˣ
ڸ֥£ڵ
Ǻʹʳй𣿡
ʳսܣڶ޷𹥻ʲôɵĵġ
֥һ裬üĳȴûɢ٣
µ֪Ҳģ֮ȴҵĳġ
񣿡
üͷһЩѹ֣ܿʲôЦ
ǲ˹飿

֥˵ͷżɽ
سѣⳡսܴ˹ѾԶԶԤڡҲ֪˹Ƹӣز죬ֻز㣬ôӪǸܴ⡣
֥˵¶һ˿Ժ˺ܾãֻ֮ǰǿڲ࣬ûʱȥϸӡãڴʳѾսܣͲòϸˡ
Ǵ˵˼أ
ʵɫҲ
һûҪôߣҪôһսǵĿѾﵽʳԪˣĸܳһʱ䣬ǿ¶ϾˡһսҲӴʳҪʮƽ͢һսսˣЩƽ𷵻أҲ԰ʦسӮ˵ĻͬʱЩսʿҲԻһʷսôֽ꣬õġ
֥
Ǵȴ׼룬𣿡

Ǻǣ
֥΢΢һЦûзϡ
볷룬ǾҪܴܺķաһʱҪٴʳ˵вһľӾԲڶǺ͵Բͨʼһܴ⡣
дʳв˫ȻϺ̫࣬Ĺ̫ӣһΪᷢͻܵͻ߽⣬һֹɺᶪʧҲһ١
ͦ˽ʱվȽŸҲҡڲ̥ɺƱҪӣѾ֪Ҫ϶òվȽŸˡ
Ϊ󶼻֥˽ĶҪ˶ö࣬Ȼҹһս״ݻ˴ʳ˵ĽǳضһƬ˷֮У˽µĺɺȴء
ԴڵôӪɺ𣿡
ԤϣЦȫûиֹ֥صӡ
̧֥ͷ壬΢΢˵ͷ
˷İɣһѾ׵ˣ˲վͻﵽɺ⣬Ҫ˶ãʦĸҴܿͻͦɺջ¥˿񡢲Ҷɿɽұó̺ӴǰΪʳ˵Ľͨߣǵ˺ѽ뵽ֻҪǷſһȨҴ廹ֻǵһֻҪǵľӱδԽԽ˽뵽ɺ
΢΢һЦȻȻ͸һǿš
˳ᢣʤǧΪƵͳ˧岻Ҫսϵ飬Ҫս˸֥˵Щ֮ǰѾȫ̵ļƻ׼
ˣ
˵ʱͻȻһͻͻȻ˵ע⡣
߽λ𣿡
һϤͻȻ⴫
ͺķ
͸֥໥һۣЩȡ
ɣ
Ǹ֥ȿڡ
Ŵ򿪣ͺķ˶ϵĻѩ뷿䣬󣬼˽
͸֥״üͷ΢΢һ£Щ죬ͺķݷãɲ
ɣ
ָָ֥ܿߵλõ
λʵͺķʵһ󡣡
ͺķԣȴû£ǶŴƵλͳ˧һ
¸֥Խˣֻ忴һ۰ͺķֿһ䣬µʲô
ʲô齫ֱ˵ɣѣܰһæ
֥ŰͺķҲ˵ͷ
ͺķû˵ǳ˵ͷ
λˣᶨ𾴵ѣϣܹõפͬʱҲϣʹ֮иϵ
˵һ򲢲ԶԷ֮仹ռơҲǰͺķߵԭ
ǣǲѾ𣿡
֥һȫͿˡ
⣬ϣһꡣ
һλ
ϣԴƶһЩ˽⣬ˣԲͨϣλܲܡƵһЩʦϰ
֨֨ڰеĿ˵˳

˵Ļ֥˶סˡҲʱͻȻһЦһֱЩ˵ͻȻ̲סЦ


1190 ꣡
֪ҪͻԽҪķѴʱ䣬ͽǮһҪõǵԴڽǮ棬ǿȫ
ʱ򣬰ͺķҲˡ
Ϊ˰ɺ˺ԿʳѾ˲ˣʱҪԵЩ飬ҲЩݡǰͺķȴܲ˵
ͺķ󽫾ˣ
ڴλվŤͷһԵĸ֥
ˣ㻹Ե𣿡
֥û˵ֻǿһͷˮİͺķˣɫӲѡ
ЦⳡĹϵ֮Уɺ˺ڴƵҪԶȴƶԺɺ˺ǿҵĶ֥࣬ڲԲͨ޷ʱ򣬺ɺ˺ҪԶȴƵĶࡣ
ͺķ󽫾иλͳ죬ǷİɡھͿԴǣû⣬ܿ죬ǻøٶȰѧںɺ͸ط
΢Ц

˱ΪѾˣϢһϲ⣺
̫ˣ
лл

һܲѡ˵Ľ̻ԤеĻҪö࣬ҲҪ˳Ķࡣʶ˴ƵǿֱʡֱӽԪ٣Ԫٺ͸֥һˡ
ӷ߳棬յıѩѾȫֹͣŽգԺд˷֪ΪʲôͻȻԶ١
֪ôˣ
а
һۺɺʵⳣ塢ңٶȥţ֪ΪʲôֻǱߣȻһֱûжϹȴһֱûлšǰûзвЩġ
ϣû²źá
룬ܿ鷿Ƭ֮һֻŸ𣬺ܿʧ˶ķ

ңԶѩ֦ڿһ÷ţһ÷һɫ΢΢в̬Ͳ԰׵İŮӣпŴ򿪵Ĵӣź÷
С㣬ǰѴӹϰɡ廹ţǸϽϢɡ
һŮ͸Źģиĵǡ
Ҫ
ٰ˰ָ
һ͵סѵ͸ҿһɡ
ѾͷȰˡСڷôõʱ䣬ѵЩԸ򿪴͸ɡյ裬ٹϾǡ
󣬴һ긾˵͸һů⣺
뽪ȺȥҲͲôˡ
һ䣬һأβȹǳͻݵ긾ˣһ뽪ߵ˴ߣݸһԵ١
ˣлл㡣
ٻعͷӹһм
ȻҲǰλ۹֮赣ⳣķˡ͸֥ǰսеĺˣڲȫٺͷⳣһ̶ġز£ñˣȴ˼ϸķⳣ塣
ڵ֪ز֮󣬷ⳣܿԼҵķˣżѰҽȥ١ҲЩҽֶΣټϷ˵ϣٲſ
ȻûȫָȴѾࡣ
ٽеĽ꣬滺ࡣ뵽ʲôڵ
ʵαأ㲡飬ڶû֪ʵֻҪţܿͻϵġ
ҲԸİ
ҡҡͷŴ÷֦
Ůٶ飬ҲȲҹĴ¡͸ߴǰƴɱҲΪҵ飬ġ
ǣҲӦûһŰɣ
ֵĿ⿴Ƿⱻ߬š岻֮ǰӺɺġܸоϲ壬֪Ϊʲôȴһֱǿ̣ŶԸд
ҡҡͷ
ϵҵּţּܴܿбҲ顣ʱһоǰˡ
סˣʱҲ˵ֻ֪粲Ըţȴû뵽һ㡣

ٲ԰׶ִɫֻ񳤳̾Ϣһ
һƬž
ŴĬĬʱͻȻһƿԶ̧ͷֻһֻɫŸ뻮գܿշ˴ǰ
һԣ˺ŮСҲ˹һ۾ͿŸϵĽӡǡ
ţ
һ۾˳ôãѶ崫ϢֻŸϤѼ
ǰȻҲ˳ֻŸ룬Ⱦһ˿Ρ

ңԶ˹ظԭװĻѩ鲼Ӻɺٹ¤ԭһƬڣڴսʤϲ֮еʱ򣬴ʱ˹ȴһƬʹͳ֮С
ѩûȫͣһ˿һƣͬϵңؼƮš
ѩ֮У˹ص۹ĵ࣬һϮѩãݡԣִǹ棬ԭϣ뿪Ĳ¶վԡ
˹ص۹˵עǸҪӣΪոչȥţļͱѩΪʱ˿̣ĵϣɫϯϵļˡ
ޡءç֧۹ոʷǰģصʧһξʧҪһλҪǵʬ壬ʱ˵˹ص
ޣΪʲô
껺˹ȥڴ޵Թȥıʹ
˽Ե³ž¡ϵıϵç֧Ϊʲô֪ûҵ׿ϣΪܴЩΪʲôҪôɵҺͲôܹ㣿
Ų԰׵ģ˫գѾû˿ѪɫӣĶڲͳ۹ʮԣʮʱָӴƽս£дûвһ̣ȴɲûƽ
࣬һҪΪͽǱ𰡣
ʱһӶߴɣҰ˫Ŀ죬ҧгݣһ·ϥе˴ߣ鱯ޱȣ
ͽúòңΣһҪ˸ۡ
ž
ɣҰû˵꣬һ͵ϣǾ޴ȵ
࣡
ɣҰŰŸ߸գһֱӴˡ
ˣһУ³⵽شΪͳ죬ҺͲּⶼûʾԴ뿪лв𣡻غͶç֧ҲͰˣֻ࣬սҲͰˣһ඼𣡡
궢ŻɣҰɫޱȡʮֻһɣҰ˹ص۹֮ʣȻھͻɵ


1191 鶨ɺ³̣
࡭
ɣҰڵϣ仰ͷ­ʹ
ɣҰ֪أͲҪҵɣҰ޶ԡҲλĳδɣҰԸҲ
ɣҰ˫ֳϥǣ˫̲סˮǲˮѪ
仰Χ˶ĬɫޱȡɣҰȻɱţ±Ǹĳͷ
Χĵģ꿴ǰĻɣҰеɱҲ
ɣҰ¡
ͷı۾˫еɱȥһɸӴɷڱ
壬ңдơŰɣһҪǸۣҲܵ˹صʹ࣡
ؼžƮһֱƮ޾Զ

˹ظԭϵĶʱ˿̵ĺɺȴһƬϲá
壬ˣ
ںɺĶſڣһ۵ķⳣ壬֥ϲɫƵĵ۹˫赵һ꣬˷ⳣ壬֥һֱĵڿԷⳣ崦
ˣ
֥ⳣҲϲɫ˹֮սǺɺ֮սⳣҶҹڹţҹ磬ڣڿ԰λ۹˫ط̸꣬లҶǺͰ顣ȵ˽̸ⳣ漴ķ˹ȥ
ˣּˡ
ûȷⳣ忪ڣ΢΢һЦȴƽ
ˣлһ񡣡
ⳣһɫһ
ˣҹл֡
΢΢һЦҲȥǷⳣһ񣬾ȻҲвȥһӴз䲻ȥⳣżΣͨ죬ֻܷ
壬ˣԸԸ⣬һͲȥģ߰ɡɺæǵ˵
֥Ц
ðɡ
ⳣֻա

ںɺǳصĳأ塢֥ⳣ塢ǧȶ⽫֮⣬ҵý롣
ˣ׼ĺɺӪԣȹĿһ飬ɺľˣ»Ҫ֡ҲҰƼݺɺҪԭ򡣡
һƬ֣أ忪żɽûж˵ֱȡһ飬дСֵż˹ȥ
ɺӪֹϵһǳصʧϵƶڴʳǿеѹơ֮⣬ϵиļƻ
漰ɺ£ⳣҲҵֻǿһۣⳣ̲סüͷһֱǰδе棬¿ȥԽԽľ
Ϊ۹ͺڴسⳣû׼¡δѣһڷⳣ˵Ǳ֣֮ǰⳣѾϸϸ˼ࡣ
ƾϵĶ꾭ⳣ϶ԺɺӪѾ˼ķǳϸܵˡǺһȣⳣŸоࡣⲢ̫ǴӸ˼άʽȫͬ
ﾲĵģãⳣڷеż㣬һлع
ǰֻʮ߰꣬ɶֳ죬սӣⳣд˷ӹһŲ棬Զʤھϵ˹ϵģǷⳣûԼӪҲǿ
ԶˣһѾ׼ˣܿҪеĺɺˣԼͬǵ³̡
ⳣ̧ͷ
š
嵭ȻһЦ˵ͷ
³̣壬˵ʲô³̣
һԵĳǧ̲ס
ⳣû˵ֻǽż˹ȥ
ںɺܲɺ˼ͬΪ֧ɺԼڸܵʳ˹ʱټеĴֿʳӦ١ͬʱΪرһͬӴƵĺΪڸڵפṩѡĳΥƼƽټһַ
ǧüͷżϵĵһ
壬ⲻڲʲôر𣿡
ϣԸʳҲϣʹƼϵһںɺѾΪʶˣͨʿ¸оˡǧﲢ׷ⳣΪʲôر⡣
ⳣû˵ֻǿһ۶塣ЦֻϵĲ豭һڡ
ǧ㻹ûⲢʲôֻҪ³̣Ժڴɺ򣬾Զˡ
ⳣ˵̾Ϣһǰ壬Ե̾
һδҶǸĲԣ飬ǧ˿ƣǵȴԶ綼һ򵥵³̡
ⳣóϷˡż㣬ⳣͻȻָоϻôһţǵĹ۲͸֪ǧһݼ޵񻯷Ϊ򣬳׵ض
ǺǣˣҾ֪һ㡣
΢΢һЦеĲ豭ʹ˵ǱȽɣ³̣ʵѾݽ˰ͺķԼ֥ܶ˶ⳣ˵⵱һ򵥵ԣûж˽³̵ͼ
壬ǵ˵ʲô
ͷⳣ֮һĶԻ֥̲סˣ˶һԻ󡣰ѷⳣǴģ֪Ϊʲôȥˡ
ˣǻֻҪһͨԺƴӺɺס
ⳣ峤̾һ͵
ЭϵݣƲֹԴԴϵĵõ˰ҿʿκζԴƵðͶԿж⵽ʿַ͹ֻҪȷһ㣬Ժڴĵλ˭ҲԺġֻҪﵽһ㣬ϵ¶ֻСڶѡ
մִУʮ꣬ںɺ±Ҫι̣
һƬţ˶ⳣ˵Ļסˣ𾪵˵ⳣķӦ֪³̲򵥣˭Ҳû뵽ڷⳣУĵλȻôߡ
վȽŸⳣȻ˵ʮһ㣬ұȹֱ̣˼顣һ˵仰û˻ᵱ棬˵仰Ƿⳣ壬ǻۺƵĵ۹س
ʮꣿ壬ǲЩ̫ˣôܳһ̶ûһ³̾Ϳ𣿡
ǧ̲סɷⳣ壬Ҳ壬ʮ̫ˣ̫š
һ³̵ȻǼϺȫͬˡˣóϷˣںɺ㿪ѧãӦòֻΪ˽ͽɣ
ⳣŤͷŶ


1192 Ӫɺ
˹Ȼһ³̵Ȼֻһܳ׵ظıɺľơ³̣ʵҸĻںɺƹƵԣǴվȽŸĸҲϣ˽ӹܺɺ֮󣬴ƹݡ
ֻǺɺʳܱеҶϣƹпܵĻֱ뵽ʳڲ
ָһߵ棬ϵ
ֻԼ֪ںɺĴͽѧӳ̶ԶԶһСӲʵǾ£ҲʵǾĻҪ˽һȣżҪãֻаѴƵԴɺʳĵ۶͸ʹôƵĻ뵽Щط
ΪѧϰԣŻԴ˽⣬Ϊ˽⣬ŻԴĽսܴơ
ǴȽŸĸЩ岢׼Ľ͡
˷ģҽ֮һȴ
ⳣ֣صһϣȫһ¡
ⳣоʷģġȻٶ꣬Ϊ̫ᣬʹһֱûʲô˽¸ְӿǽͷһΪŽֹΪǰѾ£Ժж۶ôľеǡҰĺ󣬶Ѹıһ㡣
ⳣһָƣ˵Ϊ漰˳͢ȻڣⳣһһԼһԴЩײָƣۻ֪
ںɺڴĻᣬǿӲľΪܣｨԼȹ̵İλȶˣձ¹Ĵ󣬽ƬεԼ
Ҳʹ÷ⳣһϧĸо
ǧ׵ö֪󰡣
飬ⳣԼѧʶⷽ˽ʹڵ˻Ȼ򡣵ȵе۽ⳣصؽ
ˣʲô𣿡
һ
Ǻǣλһ
ⳣ΢΢һЦȡһСľϻ˹ȥĿУܿ߳˴ʧ⡣
ž
ɻ󣬴ľϻľϻʲôûУֻһϤŮ
٣
ͻȻӹһ˿㺡

ܿ콫ɺеȫⳣ壬λĵ۹ܳɺеһйȻҲɡǣⳣȻ˵һĴʳһû뵽ġ
һ㣬ⳣĽǣδѡȻսϣ֥֮ǰ͹˴ʳˣǶڷⳣ˵ʼոо˴ʳвҺʱͿʼѧʳֻ˷ǳ̵ʱͽա
ⳣͨʳﵹǼ鷳ͺɺԼĽҲˮû˿谭
ʱ仺ȥڷⳣĴ£ۺĲԣһеĴʩܿ䲼ȥ
ƽӹܺɺ֮ȷϳ˴ʳ۹ʱĿĸ˰һеĸ˰֮󣬼Ҫ˰άճУҲֻҪɴʳ۹ʱڵɲ
߹֮Ѹɺ˺䶯ͬʱƾŴеĵλӰ죬ʹɺڶԴƺøдֹˣƾŴӴʳʵ۹﷢ҪĻƽ𣬷ⳣзֳһǳأԼЩսܵٵӡ
ͬʱսոսδȣɳ˴ʿϺɺ˺һСӣڳǳصĸطѲפأ԰ġ
֮⣬ⳣפɺȻ׼
ƾԼɳһӳ򣬷ⳣ巢ֺɺȱһЩֹƷϼУҲԴƵĲҼ۸߰ιʱ򣬷ⳣʮӣȫǸֹҵƷ
һһֹҵƷɺúɺڣԴδŹĶȲ˾޴øУЩߺһ߷û˵ע⡣
ѧã
ԪٵĴ£֮ǰ̵ڶӣԴƵľͲΪܣһѧѸںɺĸѧҪյǺӣȻҲСѧõĹأֻҪѧϰнѧѧϰˣֹһȫѧø𣬶һܴӴôĲ
ЩѧںɺδйʼеڻлɣڰͺķԼڶĴ£ѧúܿյİ˰ٶѧԱȻ̫࣬Ƕһµ˵ֻҪܹƬİ̤µһӡδܹҰԭﳹ׵Ĵ
ҰļƻѧҲڽ֮УеһжеɣݱҲһнеĺҵʱһͻܿ塢֥Լи߲ע⡣
𣿡
ǰ

һɺսʿϥһԣɺУݡλӰ죬˿ڰͺķ֮£ĳЩй֮
û˵ܿתͷǰǸֱף֪жԲοӶ̽һ£ľȻҲȫ̽ڵĿӶж
˵£鵽ôģ
һԣһٴε
αѩκʱҪ󣬵ѩҲѩʱһվûȵѩͿʼݣ˵ȥǵϢϵҪȥӪȣȥ̮֮ŷĿӶĻҪöࡣսʿȥȫûгǷȥ֪Ϊʲôһȥûãͷ׷״ϵȥǲԾͻ㱨
ڵϣ
Ǹ˵ħĺô£
ͺķͻȻڵ
֪ıȽֻΧ˵ڸոճֵʱкðŽɫĹ棬һħһĺǵǸϵʱʲôûп

ͺķⷬüͷĸˡںɺͬħֻĳ񻰣ĳŲҾηĶУħʵڵģκкҰħеĵطע
󽫾ȥɣ˳Ҳ˾
һӶߴһԣһеĽǰҪӶһ̽
һ£鲻һʱ
ʱ忪ˣֵ
ǰͽˣӶһ£Ȼٽȥ
ף
֮˵ͷܿйӣһұĹķһԣȻһܵĲ͸ȦɵĹӴӶڣȻķһķ磬ͨӶ
ַõĿӶʱһãͳŸֲ˺ķЩ佫һȥ׹˽ȥϢһֵ֪طǲðġ
ǿվûķ롣


1193 Ű
ˣ
Լʱ󣬾̨ķڹķʱһݣѸٵ˿Ӷ֮С󣬰ͺķ֥Ҳ׷׽ȥС
Ȼˣ
ھ治Զʮָǯһ붴ڣĶǰĶڡȻһƬڣּĵ۹󽫣ӵףҹӵڶϣĿһڻ
ıڻͬڻ֭ģǶ˶ڣΪǣЩ֭ȻȫѪ졣
ֻۣ˳ڽʱ˴ѪŻЧΪްսĴͳ˧ϴ
ڻǴŨɺݣϣҲֱֻܷһЩͷǵħͼɽҰʬ
ħ񣡡
ɲǼ䣬һŨҵģǿϢζ
˵Ĳͬ⴦Ӷڵıڻ塢֥Ͱͺķ˳ԭ
ûŨҵħ˵ħŲɲʵڵġ
һŴżǽϵӦǰʱ֡
һϤԴͺķ˫ֲǽڣһͬۿǽıڻ
ǽϵдʲô
һ𣬸֥ڶڵһ棬Ͱͺķ˵Ϸ
֪
ͺķҡҡͷɫأ
ϳڻҪݣһأϽ룡
ͺķһ䣬ôһɲǣӶһƬţж˵ĸо
ÿ۹ÿ򣬶ԼĹŴ˵ЩǿʷʧȴʷĳԼĹ켣ͲкȻ֮һ
߰ɣ
ͺķǿ̽ȥ͸֥࿴һۣҲѸٵŶض¡ӶԽԽǺڰһɹɻǵϢϢҲʱ˲Ϊʲôùķķ硣
һ·ض£˭Ҳû˵֪˶ãһݣֱһɣѸٴӶȥ
øߣ
̧ͷһϷǶȿȥھֻ֥Сˡйһ£׾׸ߡ
ЩͷԺһܿǰӶĵ׶˺Ĳͬû˿Сӵֳһ޴Ȼߡ
жʮ׸ߣҷǳĿտߵı氼͹ƽǳ߲һɹ̵ĹâһЩѷ֮ɢ
ȥһע⵽˶һƬӴĺӰ
ǾȻһƬ޴Ĺ
⡭ôܣ
һ֥Ϸ£ƬصõĹŴͬ𾪵˵˭ҲţȻһƬʧõĹŴĹȺ
ڵĺɺȫͬصµƬӶֺ룬Ⱥ۾ʮ޴ӣҺʹơɺԼʳͬЩȺȻȫôͭ졣ڵص׿ɫâ󲿷ֶЩͭɢġ
˼飡
ͬڴƬеһж͸¶һȻͬķ񣬶кصʷϢһ˲ƺؿռ䣬Խɺ˵оǧǸʱ
ǰʱż
ΧһƬ̾ͬſӶЩõĹŴżһ𶯲ѡ
꣡
˴ص׹ȺʱͻȻһԵüΪ̶һ˲˷׷׿˹ȥֻԶһ佫վһʬǰ飬ƺҲԼȵǾʬһ
Щսʿ
üͷ΢΢һܿ˳ʬ帽߰˾ɢʬ壬ϵ֮ǰЩˣһЩʬ壬ˤĵطԶƺҲǰЩص׵ĹŴżҪǰ鿴
صʹʼûԸ
ߣȥ
һȷӦʬǰȥӣ̴档ЩʧȥսʿѾ޷أ˵ҪĻǸƬص׵ĹŴż
ǰȥ֮塢֥Ҳһǰȥ
ĵط
һߣһ߽Ĵܣеһжһֺĸо֤һƬŴż鼴˵ҲǴδйġ
һ·Сǰȥ΢̹⣬ڵ¶ߵǽϿԽԽͭڻÿһڻȻͬͬǣÿһ涼ħͼͬʱĿݹǺʬŨҵѪȺϢǿҵļϢ
壬ûоЩڻùŹ֣
һӶߴŤͷֻ֥ͣһߴͭڻǰüͷ塣
ôˣ
һ˹
Щڻէһħ¾ĳϸûзЩħ񼸺ȫǱЩࣿ
֥΢΢üͷ
Ŷ
һ˳Ÿ֥Ŀ⿴ȥֻڻϵħ񣬱ħҪߴö࣬ͬ޾ĿݹǺʬǺıڻͬڻħı󣬷˼࣬һħıӰϵı飬֥һ˵Ҳܿע⵽еĲ֮ͬħ¾࣬ӦЩġ
ߴˣ˼ǣЩڻϵಢþħɱЩħٸǿв
üͷ˼
һ˲˶Ĭħ¾࣬ж쾭£ڻϵಢħɱǡƺ뵽ʲô˵üͷԽˡ
쿴
ʱһԶһ䶢ǽڴһӡǣ¶𺳵ɫ
ʮħıǣ
ˣ
仰ȺһƬ𶯣˶׷Χȥͺķһϵڻߣ͸֥࿴һҲȥ
һڻͱڻķ϶͸֥ؿһͷɫɽӡǣһɽͼֻͬɫɽͷǣÿһޱȣֱָա
ϸȥֻ֣ᷢһԽɫͫޱȡ
嶢ŶϵĽɫӡǣ˼ʮħպ񰬲˹ֵ书ǵʮħ񣬿ܶ˹ӳԼ׷ɱ书ͬʮħ磬ʮħӵƾõʷ
ţʮħĴ˵ͬһʱΪʲôǻйʮħĴ˵
һ䶢ǽϵħӡǣ𺳡
ΧȺһƬˣƺʮħеǳ𶯡


1194 ֮飡
ʮħкܶ࣬ڴ󲿷ִ˵УʮħԶڰ֮ǰѾӡ˺֮Уڴ˵УǶϵҼǿ󣬺֪ΪʲôһϦ֮ʧȫ
żǳ֮٣еżֻҪǺصģ󲿷ֶǿޱȡҲΪˣԶڰԭ˶ɻ󲻽⡣
һϤӶߴͺķߵԽ͵
ɺĹŴֻɺ˺͸˲ף͸֥һȻһƬհס
ڶзԽԽʮħӡǣڰͺķУҲ˽⵽ԽԽʮħͰ顣ܿ죬ߵⲿԵѾ̽ϡ
ܶѸתעŵ¶۵ĹȺȥҲ׼빬ȻתɲǣĿӹǽһ۵ӡǣˣһͫͣ
ǡ
ǽϵһĺɫ۾ӡǣֻ۾ͫȻһſ˫˫ŵġЩɫʮħӡǲͬԶûôۣӡǵλҲڹâ䲻ĺڰϸ۲죬עõ
ɫ۾ӡէһۣǵڶοȥʱֻǽϵ۾ɲǼͺһ嶢ʱҲ塣һּɭ䡢ĸоȻ𶯵ĻԶֹˡ
ܵģܵģ
Բ۾ŵ¶ϵǸӡǣԺ˲ɲӡ岢İƽٱʱӡǡ嵱ӡǺ͵ĺƽǧ˿ƵĹϵǽϵӡǺеӲȫһ߰˷ֵƣ㲻еǸҲżǿϵ
һӡǣһԶںɺģǧĹŰ֮䣬ǵʱ䶼ԶΪʲôԼĩӡǡ
һǣд˷Ժӹͷ
ע⣡˵ӡǣ֮գ
ʱ֮ʯٵͻȻԺͬһʱ䣬Ժ֮ʯġ֮աĽ˸
һǲ˼ģ֮յ
֮ջȡϢ
ܾҪøϢܽ⿪ŵܣ
Ԥϣ󱻺ԥľܾˣٴγԣһΣԺУ֮յѡ˿Ϊ
֪˶ãڷ˳ԣķӮ˹֮սȻƬϲ鵽˺ܿδĺƽϵ
Ȼ֪ʲôǴʧ˵İϣпܲ鵽Щߵࡣ
ˣ
ڰУһƾ˵ĹâԺбţľһ˶ʱޱȡû֮ǰ͵ĳ̬
ĵ壡Ȼаĵ伮
ʱͻȻһ˷ܵĴԶĹȺﴫϢһҲ룬Ծֻؿռ䣬ͭİȺϵĵط
ƬȫŰʱӡǡٶƷҲȲƬȺ룬һ̨ͭϵһϵ塣
Ϲȥʱ򣬷Ȿ伮źصͭƤѾˣǾʱ䣬ҳѾֳࡢļطֻһҳ
ʮħı־ǰɵӡǡ֮УֻЩӵе˽ϲŻӡǣѵǰдıʼǣ
ʱһͻȻӶߴͻȻһ
ܣʮħ֮һʮħеǿħڵһжоѾӡôܻʱ
һλ
ôżһͰǧ˿ƵĹϵǲ˼飬Ȼ˵֮УʮħһƻͨԣǹǵּȴδŹħѵҲд𣿡
ܵһ̾ѣص°ĹŴżһ޴ţеĺɺ˺䣬ͺķĶż̨ϵĲȱ鼮˼
ͨŴ𣿡
ͺķͻȻ
ûУȻһֱйŴѧߣܹ˰ǰ־Ѿ൱ˡǧ굽ǧ꣬Զ˱ĳ֡
һ
˶ż̨ϵ鼮һϧѡⱾеǾħʱĹżкܿǸԻ͵ģ̾ѵħʱӡǺ
ô䣬ȴûܹҿеܣò˵Ǹź
鼮飬ȻⱾ鼮ͷǰҶ˵Ƿҳϸ鿴ˡ
󽫾һ𣿡
ʱһƼžϸ̨ͻȻ˹
塭
仰֥һĲ졣һͷˣǾ֥û뵽ͻȻҪ
̨ϵǱ伮Ȼͭģҳȴһ飬ովһ䷭һ£ʹǲȱ
Ҳʮħǰȫɺ͸ļ£ʱͽȥʵЩ׵
û˵ֻǻعͷƳ˸֥һۣݹȥһĵɫ
󽫾𣿡
ٴε
⡭
ͺķһ£ŤͷɨһΧ䣬ܿ͵˵ͷ
ԣ
ˣǰҪ󣬲ǰͺķ䣬һᲪȻŭΪҪʵ̫ͻһð
Ȼ岻ͬУ죬Ϊͳ˧Ҫͺʱ˿̣ҲֻҪ󣬲Ų˾ùˡ
л
ܿ˹ȥվ˰˸ߵļ̨ϡûйԥ˵ĿУͻȻһ˼̨ǲصĲȱ伮ϡ
֮ʯһȡеܣ
˭ҲӴڣ幵ͨԺе֮ʯӸո̤Ȿ鼮ʼԺеġ֮աͿʼ˸Ҫǣֻע⵽Ȿżͭϵʮħӡǵʱֻע⵽滹һ۵ĺɫ۾ӡǡ
涴Ͽһģһ
롶֮顷Ҫһ㣬ȷ𣿡
Ժ֮ͻȻ֮ʯ˿
вһ£Ȼʹ֮ʯõʾ֪֮ʯ֮աҪķѼ㣬ҲûϵȻôࡣ


1195 طţ
ȷ
ԥһ̣˵ĿУһɵĹ⻪ͷŶ鼮
Ŵַ뿪ʼ׼ȡϢǷҪ100Ϣ
֮ʯٴε
˵ͷһ̣һ͹âУ鼮ͣطûгκļ
֮飡
ⱾĹŴ伮һγ˴ţʧĹŴ֮С
һҳһҳżÿȥһҳԺбһЩϢ
֪˶ãһҳȥ֮ҲȫϡۣͿ˰ͺķ䣬һԲ۾𾪵ĿԼ
塭㡭
ͺķԾĿֹ̳ϵĹż룬ȥʱ򣬰ͺķûȥ˼ܲƽаص⣬ΪͲǺɺˣǴӸոյȻƽе֡
˵ͷڴİͺķ󽫾Χ䣬û
Ȿһ°άҶİʦּǣʢọ̈̄鼮ȱֻܽеݲ²һࡣ
һڣ˵ע⣬Χͺķڣһȫ٣ʧȥƽ

ǱɺǿĹŴǴྪ˵񼣣ɶ칤Ӵ󹤳̡˴̵ľͻ˴صƣÿһ˶һڿС
ǻ书ͷЩ貵ȫһϦ֮ʧˡ
ΪɺˣԼŴ˵ĺеûвĵġ
°άҶΪĹʦܰΣһִٳʢֲλĿùеλȻ
ֻ˵һ룬µĹڣʱ󾪺ȻֻǸе˼ÿ˶ףոǾ仰˼
ôܣ˵ģڰٶꣿô˻ôã
Ұ˼ܹ֮ﵽôǿʢĵزȫΪĹ͡ôܡǿΪʲôʷϴδκεӡǣ°άҶû˵
һ𾪵˵ģƱйȡ
ɨһˣûзǼ˵
°άҶıʼǣһֱһڿŰһһͼȡԾӣ˵ĳݣū࣬°άҶһ뾡취ЩԿʧˡΪⳡսʧܵƷ
¶˶ϢסˣǿİȻôܡ
ܵģܣħһ˶֪ģڻҲֵõ°άҶıʼǾģ
һ佫Ȿϵȫ߸֪һС
һʲô©Ƭż˵ѣĹżҲ˵ѣһʲô֪ġһң°άҶԻ֣һҪﲻܼ°άҶһֻĻ
һ
˵Ĳ°άҶȷʵֻĻһ֣ɣⱾֽ֮顣
䣬һһٵ

һ仰һƬȻ˷׷׿壬𾪵˵ͺķ¶˼𺳵ɫ
ɣǰɵģʮħôֻһ࣬һǰĹʦ
˶ޱ𺳡
Ҳ֪ô£°άҶȷʵǰɣᵽܵĳͷΣΪܲر⴦¹ܡ

˶ڳ֮Уþ˵ʮħеİɾȻǰʢߣħ񱣻࣬ɱ࡭һУһƬң˼ܾúܾˡ
֮лᵽʲôΪʲôҪôﵽʲôĿģ
һУͺķͻȻ߹ʵ
ûˡⲿ֮顷ǲȱģкܶϢʧˡңҵõϢⲿ֮顷ϲһ²֪

ʲô
Ϣͺķ۾һΪ⡣⴦¹żķǳ°άҶǰɣȫлὫедµġ
ʼֳֻ֤̫Ҫȫһʧĸֳ̫
ҵˣ
ʱͻȻһ˵ע
ɵķǰɵķ

֣е׷Χ˹ȥ
֮Σ˵ʼ¶ߵĿľΪѰʮħɺʹʳʷϣֻҪǺʮħصģǿޱȡ
ʱ˿ҲֻûΧ£ȥĿӰ֮ջأܿλɵķ岢ȤΪﵽֵزһʵǿѾֻǵķǶع;
˵ǰ֮жЩ
ǸžȻǰ֮еǵ׺Щߵʲôϵ
Ŀ¶˼һ·ȥд˷
Ǳģһ˶֪ǹЩߵĳ֣ȴšںĵмһǿԿ϶ģ֮еǸ۾ӡǣֵͬ߳ĵطֹֻΣҴ˺ûйǵκӡǣͺƾճ֣ƾʧһⷴʹԽɡ
ҵЩɫ۾ܣ˵ͿҵЩֵ߳ԴǵΪʲôҪô
ЩͷԺһӶܿعֱڶϽһܿӿӶԾ˳
żԼɷķ֣ɺ޴𶯡ҹڷϢʱһ벻Ӱÿķ䡣
ͺķ
߽ӰΪȡ
ǺɺԼЩŴżǳȤ𣿡
ͺķ£ֱӿżɽ
Ϊȣ漴ʲôЦ
󽫾˵Ӷڵ£
Ϊע⵽ڰɵķƺȤǶڰ͸ֹŴܷǳ⡣
ͺķ
ڴΧʱ򣬰ͺķʵҲڴΣֳȤúȫͬ
嵭ȻһЦû˵ϵֽһͰ֮Ϻɫ۾ΪƵķš
ʲô
ͺķ廭Ǹķţһ
ͬһżеĶֻںɺˡ
ȻһЦű㽫۾ŵ˵˳ֻ岢ûᵽĩǸ˵һϹżзֵӡǡ
⣬彫֮еķҲ˵˳
˼ǣЩ˰񡭡ʲôҲһЩͬ飿
ͺķھȡ
š
ص˵ͷ
ҲǲܣƺʹʳҲһ˴˷ϵ˹һսƺɺںܾǰйǿһͬʱڰҲǲܡ
Ԥϣͺķ˼Ƭ̣Ȼ˵ͷ
Ҳ֪ЩżѰʲô֮ǰᵽɻ°άҶαװɰĹʦҡҼǵĺһλ˾ɺʢһһСӵʱ˵


1196 Ϳɽ
ڵʱǳϣһŵ񻰡˵֪ĹŴܺ࣬԰֮飬ᵽķŸȤĻȥһʡ
ͺķĬƬ̣ͻȻ˵һǰһĻ˶٣ͺķŵ
ִܣһüһλ˾ײβ˵˺֮ܶ࣬١͵˶֪ľλãÿֻӰңɺĻʵҪûԸ
ںɺԼܱߵĵһλֱǺһĴڡڶ𾴣һֱûȾָʲôĻȥ￴
ͺķĻһʯӣͻȻ˵
սѾʳôˣķٺͿٳ嶯Ҳʱ򷢶սκƽʱڣԼĿȥˡ
ңӵдĺͿʯʳսܣԼҲǱ۴ʳˡ

ⶨ³̺ܿͨչ涨κ˶ԴƲǶһͺķȴƻҪȳ
Ըһ˵Ըǡǡǰͺķġ
ͬʱŷⳣںںĳǿֳͨһϵеľٴ룬ⳣѸʹúɺڶԴƳ˺øС
ֻҪܹɺڣҲζŴܹͬʹڶԴƹġ
ʮŵһӵܽפɺںɺʽµһӣһж̤졣
ʱ򣬰һж֥ԼպɽҵԿ֮֮ˣԼһǧӺɺһ·ȥ

һ·۳Ͷ٣֮߰ڽ뵽һƬµĵش
⡭𣿺ƶ񤣡
һƥͷѦǧǰľһ֪Ҳ֪ĵ۹ȫ̤ͬ㵽Ƭصʱ򣬲֪жôġͬ
ǰģһƬɫ硣ԶɽͦΣʯᾣɽʯ񵶽һͺͺģκεֲ
ԶһƬŢǺɫĸ࣬ɢһŨȳ̱ǵζ
ƬеҵԿ֮˶̲סס˿ڱǡ
һƬ磬ҲһƬ磬էһͺ뵽һ
ǵŢУһ߾߷ڵĺ¶ҰӬϿշ裬һŢȥ˲á
治ţȻ
һԣҵҲ̲ס
о仰֪ʲôǵֻпҵӣŻϧӵеһУԼڴƣ
սգʱ֮ҲǰӺ˵Ŷ˶٣ĿƳŢһ߾߿ֲʬѵ
⣬ߺűУ֣ҲйϵҲҪ⣬֮ǰ׼ҩ̷ȥ
棡
֮Ļ˷׷׷ӦЯҩȡöɫĵҩˮ̷ȥ
׼֮³ȥһ·ȥʬԽԽ࣬һЩʬʼСΧԣвڣꤣƤͷ˹ڵԣˣధ
ô£Ҽǵõ˴ʳͿʯҲȡƽǮӦùǹʳˣΪʲôô˶
üͷǰӴĶҼ۸ԶԶˮƽǿȫûӳκεЧ
ˣ˵ڵʵѾʮõˣ˿ǰİɶλƵмѡԸҲȫΪˣһ£ǷλлĻܷһԸл
ԪٲǰǰһİСĴʳ򵼽ϣֲܿأǰһֲ¶ת
䣡
ԪٵĻΧ˶Ц嶼¶һ˿Цݡ
ǰͺķӺɺΧģҵʱֻ˵ҪæˣɺǱĹϢҲֻǴƵͳ˧û֪廹һƺšȻҲ֪
Ѿлˡ
Цŵ
һյԪٵתΧ˺ЦӣڵˣľɣԼ˵ʲôԪߵ˼䣬˶ʱ̲ס˷ܵĴԳ֡
֪ݣ򵼶ʱڿ࣬ÿһأˣ˷ܵȥ£ܿܶ˹·ԣʹĿͷ
忴һĻҲЩ̣ԵĲ£ַһЩʳȥʱ䣬һ·ڵִΪĺɽ
ȸĲ𣿺ãվ
һۿĺɽ˸ּܵеĸߴΰǷͬһվ
ڼӲɽϣǵɽʯ˵ĸо·һСľͻԨǣһ򽣴ĵ֡
治ţ˾ɽڿط߶ѣ˵ˡ
ҵ̧ͷǰʷǰްӴɽҲ̲סͬ¶˼ȵ𺳡
һμͣȻ鴫￴ɽʱҲηһԽĸо
û˵ں󷽿һУҲͬ뷨֪ΪʲôǰĺɽһĸоȻϸ˼оһУ
ˣǰкͰȣ
һ̧ͷֻ᾵ɽʯϣϤӰһȺɫ۵ɮһ·Ӻɽɽ¼жϸȥͷǺżİкͰȡ
ɽϵĵƷǳӣǵɽʯǰкͰȴһȺɮڼʯϣһһݣѸٵĳɽ¶
ү
ԶԶģҵˣкͰ˷ܵĴٶҲӿ˲١
λʦþò
Ҳһ߶սӭȥ
˶Ǻܾõˣӽһ಻кͰ˶ˣȴԽľˣǵؿڣ廹ϸСɽͱǣְλ˲١
үˣǿǵþã˵˹ʹʳսǶĲѣҺͰжţүһӮģ
ȵ
˵үһ·򵽺ɺҲͷˡ


1197 ʹ˾
Ǻǣ˵Ҫллλʦʱ͹ĺͿʯ
Ц
˺ѹѸźɽȥɽ᫣彫󲿷ɽ£ȻҵȾи֣һ·źɽȥ
ɽֻŨ̹һЩªķӣ˳ǧɽڵŸּªĹߣɽϲͣңһһεģЩɽʯȥ
Զĵط忴˼ӴĻͬһ㣬ںɽشϵ·̽ھš
һεﺣɽۿЩȫʯھ̣еһиһǿ𺳸УЩʹõļªߣ΢ɲüͷʲôû˵
үѵδݹ٣Ե֪ʲôҺͰп԰ġֻҪܹģүܷԸ
һ԰ȴһɫɮۣһ𾴵
˾ʹ˾ĺͿʯ飬⻹һЩһ´˾

Ǻǣ
кͰȻ࿴һۣ΢΢һЦƺϵдһʣ
ү˾ڵˡ
һ·ڰкͰҵѸźͿɽȥ
ںɽڼ˴˵е˾һϵøɵļªλɽжݵĿɽײǳӣûκεװΣֻа߰ߵ⼣˵ķꡣ
˾Ѵˡ
ڴУкͰȲŶϷһӰһ
忴ϷֻϷķһźۣ·ʯһɮˣ˫գϷһ
ôľ룬ȻϸоκεϢ·һûǡʱΪֱţ
˾ĿطѾߵľ磬˾Ը⣬ʱ䲻Բȡ
ƺ֪ʲôȺͰдʱڵ
ʲô
仰廹ûпڣҵҵԿ֮ˣ׷¶˼𺳵ɫ
һ첻ԲȾͻΣգܼʮѾ൱ôʱˮմһ
һ㣬µ۹󽫶ɡ
̫˼ˣôôʱ䲻Բȣ

м޵ģѰѴصһͲܲԲȣʱѾ˵
̫С֣ϵطĿ֮ȻͬǶ־Ķڿеʱ򣬿ԽĻ٣һЩĿдʦ˱ڵʱ䣬ڳɻšһжʵġ
ڴʱͻȻˡطԶ˽ö࣬Ȼ˾˳Ծȴǲܡ
벻Ҳô˽⣡
ʱͻȻһСû߷ǳӣȫŮֲףôһɲǣ˸оԼǲֻǸԼ˵Ļ
˾
ԤϣһԵİкͰȣͻȻ֮һ빪һ
ڣһ볯ŴϷĴ˾˹ȥֻԭܰ㣬һĴ˾ͻȻ֮䣬Ķ꣬˵ĿУĹӴ˾ڵء
ͬʱĸ֪УԭһĴ˾һ㣬ͻȻ֮˹һӴϢ޵У·쫷һ㣬Ѹٴڱֻһգۣϣ˾ƤһȻſ
ˣڼˡ
΢΢һЦͬʱǷһⲻһκ˾ϵйںͿʯĽףȫҪ˾׿ϡ棬⻹ǵһΡ
ǺǣһΪ˺Ϳʯİɣ
˾ЦЦͻȻشλվ
ڣ˶һֻһȻƺϵһС
ʳѾսܣһٶսٺܳһʱ䶼Ҫȫҵƿ֮Уǰ˵ܵʳ˵вôڣٹ˰ɣ
΢΢һЦͿʯϵشÿһȸֽ˵ʵǿһ֣һ棬ؽϣ˿õġһιִ̽ʳ˵ҲҪĿġ
Ǻǣ
˾΢΢һЦȴһ˿ɫ
Ӧ֪ܷһеĺͿʯƣ˵δǺ¡
仰ҵԿ֮˷׷ױɫرǸߵĴˣȫûϵ
ƺ֮õĺ֮ǰ˹ʳΧʱ涼ٶȣҪ͵Ϊƺʤ˾޴Ĺס˭Ҳû뵽ڴսʤˣ߷Ըˡ
ˣ
ʱкͰȶ̧ͷĴ㵡Ȼ𰸾Ƕû뵽
ɫȻֻǳ˰˰֣ʾⰢкͰ԰ꡣ
˾˵еȷʵܷһҽȫ˾õŵ𣿡

˵
˾üͷȻֹƺ˳˼С
һǧ
΢΢һЦͻȻһ֡
ү
ĻȺͰһ漴ܿ췴Ӧ¶𺳵ɫ
屨֣ȻǺͿʯļ۸񣬶ս֮ǰѾһǧƽۡսʤ֮˭Ҳû뵽ȻôֱӡÿͿʯļ۸ֱӰһ룬ǵһǧڶԴ棬Ŀʹ󷽣κεĺ̾޼Ϊ֮ȻʧɫĪ
ǸԿ֮ҵ˲Ϊɫ糣ȻҲһǧе࣬ȫø͵ļ۸£Ƕľû˻ɡľжôĻ󣬶֤ȷġĽѾ֤㡣
ɫƽȻֻǿǰĴ˾
Ǯڵʹ˵ǡǡҪģӴʳսߴʮڣԵȥκһ£οΣ٣νĽһĲֵҪЩսʡ˵ԸıⳡƽٸֵĺͿʯ
һǶٲƸ޷ġ
˾üͷ΢΢һĿƺҲǳ⣬Ҳֻˣ˾ûпڣΪ
һǧ

˾ȻΪ
һǧ߰
ż롣Ǵ˾ûһǲΪɲǼ䣬ƺʲô΢΢һЦָ
ټʯʳ
һΣ˾˶ͻȻ˼ָ


1198 ٴ˾
ʯ⣬һҪڽֺӽˮ
ʯʳΣ˾һ仰¶𾪵ɫ
ӽˮڽֺеܼƻҲȫ̼ƻҪһϢһֱúܣеһЩس֪ôû뵽˾Ȼ֪ӽˮĴڡ
ܣ
ûй˼ԥܾ˾Ҫ
˴֮⣬ӽˮκεĹȡ
˵˽ҲãҲã˵ӽˮǲɴ档ڴ֮ܵǰûκιȿܣֻˣʳڣһӽˮ͵ڽ˴ʳʳ۹ūеˣֲӽˮ
һǱڵ棬ʳһԥôʵΪԲ̺Ϳģ
ˣ
廰һ䣬ʱһƬšкͰҲɫΡʺѼڴʳϣʹûִܹһͿʯļ۸񣬴һǧ߰ᷢҲΪ壬ˣǾԲܵġ
УѣǴ˾ΪǳûҪЮЩ˲ˡ
ǺǣͬҲûйϵ
ϣ˾ȻһЦûһ˼
ϣܹṩʯʳ
һ仰˾һԼĿġͷβ˾ҲûĴҪӽˮôҪĶ漰Ƶ۹ǲ׸һġ
˾ĿģͷβֻһǾʳ
ԣ
ˬɶûС
˾˼һʼ֪˾־ڴˣܹհ˵ʳӺɺһֱ̤Ϳɽһһ·ϼ̫׹ˣʬ
ƶͼģԶ֪ĶҪöࡣ
ʳ˵κνʱʵԵء
ӽˮ£Ȼܸ㡣ǣ˾ֻҪ˻Ļҿ԰һ˽ӵƾڣǻȻԸ󣬵ҲԶ
ĬƬ̺
һɲǣ˾Ϊ֮ݣ
лл
Ƶĸû˱ȴ˾ףܵõİܵõƵľǿκν˵ġһÿͲ֪ܻ¶
Ҵелл㣬Уȣʯ齻ȥڿʼǶϾ֧ʳһйȵĿʯ⣬пʯȫƣ⣬ÿͿʯҲҪһǧߣͰպү˵ģһǧƽһɡ
ˣ
˾Ļˣһܲѡ˴еĿľǺͿʯ˾жеĹӦȫڿ󣬹ƣԤĻҪõöࡣ
л˾
Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ˶٣ͻȻӻȡһ۵ֽ
⣬廹һҪ̴˾
ͿʯѾд˾ڣѾǰ϶ʲô©˵һ飬±ȺͿʯҪҪû˿ԥѸٽֽ̯¶ݡ
ˣ
ֻֽصĺɫ۾һֱ̩Ȼ˾һ𣬵ŵ˼˲ɫ
ôֶ֪
˾𾪡
Դ˾Ҳʶ
嶸ǰһɫʱ˲١ͺķ˵Ĳ˾ȷʵ֪ٵܡ
㻹ûңǴ֪ӡǵġ
˾̧ͷ壬һصȫû֮ǰĵʹݡ
ûԥѰͰ֮˵˳
Դ˾ȷʵ֪һЩܣ
׷ʵ
߿ˣ
˾Цܿ췴Ӧ
ͺķ˵Ĳȴһ㣬ҲǸܻشˡ

ʱסˡ
ѵûзҸһˡ
˾Ц
üͻͻֱ˵ĸоһɲǣͷԺзӶ·ʲôֺʲôûס
ͺķ˵Ĵ˾ңĴ˾ֻһˣȻҲΪ˾˶ףֻǴ˾ѡ˵⣬޷شûа취
˾
ڣҲһ
֪ͺķ˾ʱоﲻԾˡԭ֪˾Ͱͺķ˵ģȫһˣȻһλ˾Ҳϱӻڣ嶼Ӳ֪
ԭʵľƣͻȻءǰ˾޷ϵλҲ˵кֶܿܿ顣
ԭΪԲ鵽һЩͺƽصϢڿֻܳɿա
ѵҲ֪𣿡
岻ĵ
ûõģǸϵ˼ңֻϵǣÿһδ˾˼ֱѡ˺Ϣ˾ĿоѾеļ¼Ҳķ룬˼Ҫ㣬Ļ˭Ҳûа취
˾
仰˷׷ױɫҲüͷ΢ԡ˾ݣ˵޷ҵĴڣһ˵һԼҪҵǺϣ
Ȼû֪˾˼һǿȷģеĵطһںɽүʱ乻˵ͻټҲǲܵġ
ʧɫʱ򣬡˾ͻȻڵ
л룡
΢΢һ˾ٹأĪ⣬Ȼʧ䣬Ҳֻܽһ㣬˾˵ģˡ
ȡѵãǺʶʹҺúչǰɣ
ڴ̸ֽƬ̣˾ͻȻԵİȺͰе
ǣ
ȺͰйӦ֪˾ҪϢˡĿ˭˾ٳʱĽӴǣܽӴôãѾʷǰˡ
͸ˣ
ǷǷתͰȺͰһ뿪
תɲǣĿӹ˾ۣжĲһ£촽˶ʲôҲû˵ܿ˳
λʦ˾ۡ
ȳ˴Զ̲ס
үѾע⵽ˡ
ɫҲ΢΢һһԵİȸ΢΢̾Ϣһпѣ
˾ȷʵϹˣֻ۾Ǽۡ
˵£겻ѡ
Ŷô
üͷ
˵ǻʮǰ飬ʱһȺֿɽЩ˺棬ַǳ˾ֵǵǱǴϹһֻ۾
Ϊ˺Ϳʯ

Ҳ֪
ҡҡͷ


1199 ص׾޴
ǼΣЩǰδֹºǲ㣬ҲֺͿʯûκε𣬶ºЩȻҲ˲٣ߵʱеʬȫȫǴߣһҲû¡ǵڶ޷ǵ
Ŷ
üͷһ壬˲Ϣӹͷһɲ뵽ʲôһʱֺ֮ץס
¶뿪ȺͰнһªסɫƤŢĵ棬зڵСﵽһȳζ
үɽϼªûʲôĹȥסֻίϼˡ
ȺͰһǸȻ
ӣɽеɮ˶󲿷ֱп֮һСӣ˵Ѿݳˡ
ûϵԼʰһ¾Ϳˡ
ȵȺͰ뿪峯˸ƣϣһ̣ѵأĬѸһӣȡһְ壬ɽϣɿƴ
һ飬飬飬ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һªķӳΣѸٵĳ˺ɽɽ˿ѸٵĽӲȥյĹһɾĸɽڵһְ֮һķͳˡ
֮ڳ֮ǰ׼ЩƵķģͶΪر׼ġ
Ȼ˾ܹЭ飬ȡȫͿʯȨҲһ޴ʤ彻Ѧǧ֮ȥͰȺͰȫȨ̸¡
ʱ֮Ѧǧڴӿɽ
ô
һյ͵ţڷʵ
ʱѾ̽ˣ˵Ч̫ͣǵʮʱ䣬̫仯ھ򷽷ǿºܾöòҪĶ
֮һ겻ѣ̸лֻһ֣֮˵ĵԶЩе
˵Ĺʵ̫ԭʼˣȫƾӴھһҪı䣡ѾɽƵΣԼЩڿĹ߽иͼֽѾͻͻصɺֻҪЩеܹڿЧٿ
˵ͷ£ֻˣֻҪõͿʯĲһԵõӵģҲ֮Ҫԭ
ţͿʯЭ̸ôˣ
պү˼ǳһƽֱ˺ͿʯʮڵڿȨȾ޿ѾԽܴļ⡣
š
˵ͷ˺ɽʮ꿪ȨͿȫھ򺣵ͿʯΪǳ޴ǰ׼桭ǻ֣ᷢһȷľʽǵõ棬ҲҪԶԶǵԤڡ
ѯ˺ܶ飬һнѦǧ֮ܿ뿪ɽҲһƬžЩҲ˯ȥˡ
ʱ仺ȥһʱ䣬嶼ںɽĴѰƬϵĹ屦彥ҲԽԽ˽⣬˾ȴʼײβ弸ɽ˸飬Ҳûҵκһ˿λ˾˿
ѵľԵһ𣿡
վһ޴ɽʯϣһƬѵĺɽΪʣȻ֪Ҫҵλ˾䲻ףôظθԸ
֪ҹɫɽҲһɹɵĺǺɽеƺɽ׵Ŀʯйء
зѽ⣬һݣԴӾ޴ĺɽԾ£ɽ׶ȥ
ɽ¾ĵģһɽ£֪˶ãһĸоԺд
ţ
üͷһŤͷ˲Զһ棬֨֨ǵص׵Ǳƺû׼˷ܵļмܿӵص˳ƮӿҹɫУһͷ״ĹͻȻǰ۾ѩޱȡ
ͷ״Ĺޣ¶һ˿Цݣĳ׼ȷ˵ùĳͷ״޾һֱ壬Ӻɺ˺ɽͷ״ޱҲڵ½档
С
ЦЦɫ࣬ಣһݣͻȻ״޶ͷ
ߣһȥ䣡
ԺͻȻһͷһ̣¡޴״ޣһ£Ѹٳŵصǰȥϣͷ״Ե÷ǳ˷ܣһ·֨֨ţڵص´󺰴ţȥٶֿ͡
ɽȻӲޱȣǵص²ȴǷǳ
Գᣬȥص²鿴һ
һͻȻı䷽򣬿״޳źɽصĲǱȥ
Ƭɽĵصײ֣ΧӴ󣡡
ͷ״޲Ǳ˼ʮף˵صһӲĵҲ㣬ɽĵرϵĲѾǳӴˣڵرµĲȴӵӴ
һ·ɽԵϵƶһףףסһֱصװ˰ٶ׶ûɽصײֵľͷڴǱ̽½һĸо⣬ѾǳΣˣǳϡ޷ֻܵӰ죬ȴҲûôΪ巢״޵ϣȻһϵķ󣬿ԽһֵĿڡ
ⲿַյĿȻ̫࣬ΪѾ֧źܾˡ
˰ףŰסرԽԽԶ룬״Ϸ󴢴ĿҲѼ̫á
ˣ
ûκεĹâ۾ʲôҲ彫ԼľɢѸٷ䵽صס˲Ϣ䣬ص׵Ľṹȫָơ
Ҳˡ
ΧһƬڣֻܸܵΧ᾵Ĺʯ޾ģλ˾ȴʼղӰ
岢Ǻҵй䣬ڵصѰ˾Ӱʱ䣬Ѿཫɽһ飬ʼһ
ʣµҲֻкɽĵصˡ
廹ʧˡڵص׹ôãһ񣬿κʹ˾ֻʧ֮ˡ
ˣ
׼뿪ʱͻȻһĸоС
ʲô
һȻŤͷ˵صһ
⴦رһǧ׵ĵصͻȻܵһϫĲǹ弫ԶǴӲĲ̺ǳֲֻй¶һ㣬Ѿǳֲ
ô£
һѸٳķȥ
һǧһףһǧסֻƬ̵ʱ䣬оָ
嵽رһǧٶʱӴضΪ֮ȻɫͻȻڸ֪Сµ۹󽫣ӴǰҲСޱȣ΢Щڴظǧ׵ĵط
ֹˣУ廹оһǿҵĿռ䲨֮嶼޷׿


1200 
ǿɽĵص׾Ȼ˿ֱֲ˼飡
µص𺳲ѣɵص׵Ŀռ䲨뵽ײһʿʱĳĸУһصʱգǰܵ»ֻǸ¶ļСһ֡
һɲд˷ӹͷ
ʯ䣬ͻȻһЩԶļ䣬ǳƽٱûмǴĻЩӦǴطһǵãҺ뺣ɽҲԶ
ֻʱԶǰûȥܶණ޷֤޷ϸƶϡǸ˵ģѵ˵ǵռ֮ŲڱĵطʵںɽǣɽĵصΪʲôǺЩߵʲôϵ
վһ֪˶ãˣһͻȻ״һĵطʻȥܹоĵǹǾԼġ
ס֣
һɲǣͻȻ֮û˿ףһϻͻȻԺ͸һɾζء

Ϊ⡣
ʲôˣ
Ǿرһǧٶ׵ĵصһƬڣҼȱܹ
ͣˣǲӦģ
ȴޱȡ
ˣ
û˿ԥһһӴľˮһ㣬Ѹٷ䵽ΧеĽ䣬Ȼʱգ嶥ʿΧɨһȦ󣬾Ȼû˿ķֱ֣š
˾
ʯһͷӹԺʱѿڶ
ھûܹԽ壬˾ȻֱԺͶӰȴ巢֡һҲֻ뵽һ˾֮ⲻһ㡣
˾ѿڶصôһɲǣΧͻȻһƬţǺܿ
ˣϿ뿪Ǹطκ˶Դģ
Ƭ̣һƬϫڵķû˿ԥбϷȥȻԷʼû˵ԼݣǶ˵֮ǰƬ̵Ѿ˵⡣
˾壬ص
ھ뺣ɽ׶ʮɵĵطͻȻͣһ͸ˮһ㣬ķˢȥͼַʽϢͳ
Ȼûҵ˾Ҳûջ񣬽Ͼһ֮ڵķΧֻûа취ȷľλöѡ
ΧĵģֻһƬ޾ĺڰƬصеһжδ֪徲վһȴŴ˾ĻشΧûκεĲ綼·ֹ·ֻһɲǣֺ˲䣬һ̾Ϣ

֮ǰٴһ̾Ϣ͸¶޾ζûһ˵̾Ϣиܵ˸ӵһɲǣо񿴵һ˵һ
ɣ֪һֱң
˵ʧֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һϢ޵Уͬ΢ġ⡱㣬ͻȻĸ֪УϢεǿ󣬵ȴһƺ۶ԶϢܵκεĸо
ҵˣ
һϲ״ޣϢȥ
ַһʯ죬ɣ
ھ뺣ɽ׶˻ɵĵط˾ٴϸ鿴һȻҵһһ˶ѷ졣
һ״뿪Ѹ˳ʯѷ˽ȥѷ죬濴խһ棬ࡣ
һȻĵصͨ
а飬èһ㣬Ѹٵ궯
ѣȴַǳĿ˳ŽȥѸٵϷҶȥ
Լʮ֮˳ѷѾ߰˰Զ嶼ȣѷĳȺȡ岻֪ѷ컹жʱͻȻ֮˾ٴδ
Ѿˣɣ
ͷڿǰһ޴ţŵϷǶһҹ飬ɢ΢Ĺâ
ҪŶ룬ͻȻ֮ĿһƳһĻۣһͣ
ǡ֣
Ϸҹ飬ϸĹ۲죬ȴֲֽͬκһֿ֣ǳϡ
ϲ־ǧŹ֣һ㣡
ʱԺͻȻ֮ʯ
Ź
ԺеһдΪȡûȿ۵ϣԿ̵ľȻôϵ֡
֮ʯʹ֮գתϵ֡
һԥ
ܾĵȼû㹻Ϣ޷ת룡
ͬһʱ䣬֮ʯԺ
ǲ𣿡
̾Ϣһֻ÷
飬һ̣ƿţ档
ָԼλ˾ĳ棬Ҳźܻʲôֻû뵽Ȼһͬ
֮ǺᡢĶڣ氼͹ƽʯᾣ֮⣬ûĶ
ѼҾζûУһһ
˾
̽ŵ
Ȼܾĵģ˾ȻֹŽлżΣо
״뿪ʱѾһڿһ·ϼοڣеĿѾ߰˰ĵòࡣ
û㹻Ŀ֧֣ĵ۹󽫣Ҳû취ھ߰˰׵ĵص׳ĺü˿ҪϢ
оòԾҪ֧Ųסת뿪ʱͻȻһڶ
һ°ɣ
Բ죬û˾˵ʲôһ̣ͷɽʯͷĩĶʯͷ۳Ҳʱɽ𶯣һͷϷ롣
оʵĿԥһڣȴޱȡ
λþرӵܹݵص״ޣµ۹Ҳܽ˾Ȼܹ͸ռ䣬˲Ϣ佫رĿ˳ɽеѷ쵼ֲ
л
巴ӦҲ֪Ǵ˾ľٶҪԼȻô鷳
㲻
յģǴ˾ȴԺл졣
˾ָǵص׵ǹ˾ѯʵǼ£
ɫ򶨵ﵽǼӲĺʯ˾ԸԼҲѽƳ
Բ
˾̾Ϣޱȣ
㿴֮顷Ӧ֪Щ֪Խ࣬ͻԽΣգ
һƽüȴһ¡²ȫһ˾Ȼڵصеһж۾
ЩӲģջ»䡣޷ӱܵġ
һζӱܣȥ׷Ѱࡣٵʱ򲻻š
֮֮˵ͻȻһڶϥ¡


1201 У
ĴҲô˵𣿡
˾
Ǻǣ֮⣡
嵭˵ʱ΢ͷ­һơ
ⷬеʵдգϧͲɢҲƣ켸ǧʿԶگһսϧͲᾭӪڼз֪صǰ£μ˹һս
ɫӡǺߵ飬˵ԽһУҪŪһбࡣ
Դ˾Ը⵽ʲôӡ𣿰Ϊʲô𣿵صǹɻô£
һ֣صһ˵ţһߴӻȡţкɫ۾ֽţڴ
˾Ļ͸¶ֹˣһҲԵùأϵĹŹ֣ͲѰ˽Ӵõġ
ֱ˵һܹһܺ࣬һλɽصʱ˾
һжʼһҲսᣬЩֻܿԼȥѰҡõĴδҪġ
˾ڶƮ
ΧһƬ֣еָоԽԽǿҡܴ˾ʲôˣ֪Ժܶܶࡣ
ңǵʲôˣǲ𣿵ΪʲôҪôҪǡЩǲڻţ
һ仰ʯ쾪
ĺɫ۾ӡǣĩʵ̫ˣһֱŲ²⣬֮顷мصǣôԼҵģΨһǵˡ
ҵЩˣ˵ҵĩࡣ
˵Ҫ
ˣ
һ䣬ͻȻһƬž˾ϢҲ˲ʧˣձùޱȡ
벻Щ֪
˾ĵһ仰ޱȣ˲Ϣɲ˵Ǿ仰ֻһ²⣬Ϊǧ۾ʵ̫ˣ˾Ļȴⷭ²ʱΪʵ
еĴ𰸣㶼ֺ֪αأ
Ϊʲô
򶨵ȷʵޱȡ
ûа취ش㣬ֻܸ㣬һжԵɡѰǵʱҲͬѰ㣬ͬҪĶѲģܿЩҲģҪĴδϣֻܿԼȥѰҡֻǡԼҪСˡ
˾
ʲô
һʯǧˣɫ΢䣬û뵽˾Ȼ˵Ļ
ҪĶ˾˵ģʲô
𣬽ǰ˾һɲǣͻȻоķչԤϡ嵽ɽѰߺ֮͡顷ᵽ֮۵ܣǴ˾ȴʾȫͬһ𰸡
һֱΪԼ׷ڡ֮ۡ󷽵ˣڿ֮ͬ׷ԼѵԼ׷Ѱ֮ۡܵ鱩¶֮Ҫɱڡ
ʱԻסԨʱԨҲ㡣ˣ˳ڻü
˾ָ
ΣҶġ
ҡҡͷ
κζзյģף˾ԼһԸҪԸԼԼͬΣա޷ˣҲˣĩյ塣
дһЦȻϢ֪֪˾ȻܣͲٸԼ
ǵص׵ϫô£
ٴʵ
ЩĴԶԶԽʷģڵʱ䣬Ѿ꣬ڿĺɽʯΪڵġʱ䣬ǱĬôصĶҲѾʶˡ
ɽеĿʯȡصµ޷ġңܲʱܻᱬҲһֱֹԭ򡣡
˾
ʲô
ⷬ循òվͿʯ˵ȸı޷⡣һ㣬һֱ֪û뵽˾˼֮кɽǶȸ֣ȫΪԼڵص׸ܵǹɻص
ôܣ
д˷˾˵ģҲδ̫ˡ
뿪ɣ
õĳĬ֮󣬶ٴ˾
Ѿ̫ĶˣܸģҶѾˣµģҲشһжֻܿԼȥ
һ仰˵꣬ڶʱһƬţûκһϢ
˾
˾
кΣǶȴûκεĻӦ֪˾ĲٻشκˡڶڴƬ̣̾Ϣһվȥ
һ£
ߵſڵʱ򣬳ԤϣռɶһεͻȻӺڰзɳһ£ɵǰէһؼࡢƽƽ棬ǵֽסʱһɳصд·סĲһϸСĺӣһصľ޶
ͣҲסɲǣӵĵײͻȻָ̣ѪѸ뵽УϷͻȻɢһɵĹ⻪Ѹٱᣬ
ǡ
ͣ˽Ųޱȡ
ܹ㣬ҪЩҲǶ񣡡
˾ܿʧˣһΣǳûκε졣
ĬƬ̣еķУѸƿ˳ȥȻһ̣ǰâһһƬ޾ǿͻȻǰһȻײŷ֣ԼѾӵص׳վ˺ɽɽ
ܾĵģ֮⣬ֻûںڰ᾵ɽʯеһжϿһΣ·ԼĴһ㡣
Ȼ΢紵޵ķ˿одʸУоⲢԼĴ
վɽþһƬ̺һԼסݶȥ
һжָ֪ԼԺºܳһʱ䶼޷λصĴ˾ˡ

صԼɽϽĸʱصǼ䶴߶棬ƻҳͻȻҳƺʲôգһ£Ȼһ˫˵۾
û˼۾϶䣬͸ʱӡǣƺеܶС
һж𣿡
벻תת֮ӾȻᵽ
ܰҲֻЩˣҲֻܿԼ컯ˡ

˾ܿ˫һգеϢʧһжʲôûз

ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬صԼķ䣬ھȼţ֧ȼһصǰ뿪Ҳֻж̶һɲǵʱ䡣
ϷţƬ̣ܿȡǸεС
˾ޣܶණǵ㵽ֹûн¶̫ϢΨһµҲֻεС


1202 ҹϮ֣
ֻʴ˾֮۵ܣΪʲôһУ⵽ʲô˼
УϸеУ˵ûκιʣһ򵥵ߴģȫ᲻κεȤ
ܿ죬עͼеϷһСָСˮΨһעĵطǹɵĹ⻪Ǵˮɢġ
˾⵽ʲô˼
д˷˸ַӸϵ̽ȻȴûκεķӦֳԽ̽УȻһ룬ȴһഩһ㣬ͺʲôûС
һ̽ʮΣɺֻʱա
ˣ
Ƭ֮󣬾׼зһԵʱͻȻ֮䣬ͻû˿ףϷˮͻȻâʢһһһǿ̹⡣
ǡ
Ƥһ˲˺ܶࡣоɲڲеı仯ͻȻ֮䣬һ롣
һۣ廹оûʲôһ̣ӿᵽһɵζ
ԣ⣡
һݣס˿ڱǡУоһζ仯գ֮䣬һ΢룬һΣпһЩϸСɫ
ж
ʱӦҲ׹ˣһѸٽУУ⸡ͬһʱ䣬ϵˮâҲϵ˸ǿҵ˼㡣
̶ʱ䣬ӿԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽǿңֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ͨеķ϶͸˲Ϣ䣬һƬĺ
֣
⴫һ˻Ƶһ̣źһ򿪣һϴźߵӰ룬һֱۣ˶ȥ
ߣ
һ۵һ£˲Ϩϵͬʱһȥ飬ཻһӴڱϴźߵĺˣڵʱ罭һ㣬ڷӿȥ
ãûж
˺µ˫𺳡
֣
ǰâһһƿѸٴ˫ֵʱ򣬺˸ֳֳͬһӰ㣬ɳ۹
ȻһЦֻ꣬һƣֱӽ˳ȥڵһں󷽵ĸǽϣ޴ֱҽǽ档
ͬһʱ䣬ֽײ棬ȫ޷䣬һըһ̣Ŀ¶Ȼͬ߷ݰ˳ȥ
⼸ΪǶĴɱ֣ڵΪǵ۹󽫼ǿߣв
ȻһлԶûн˵ɲǣһУ͵̧ͷͷ
¡¡âһû˿ףסĸ컨ͬһεƷɣ׳Զľ롣һӰݶ룬һӴϢɽʹһ㣬˶¡
䣬Ŀһһͷ˶µӰ˫ഥҵײһɲǼ䣬ƺƣϯΧͬһʱ䣬һŨҵϺɫȥ
̵һɹϸСĻ棬ĸһ㣬˳ڲƶȥһɹɺڶ
ȻûЩϺɫĻ壬һգ·һ㣬ڱͷǵӰݺײɿʯ䣬ֻһأϽǵǽϣ糤ǹȵģһ
ǣ
ͫһ񶸵ıޱȡϤĺۣϤϢЩ˺͵½һģһһһԶûЩ˾Ȼ׷
ˣ
ĿһҪ׷ɱȥͻȻ֮䣬âһ䣬ͻȻ֣һģһӰһģһϢȫֱ治ǵ˭˭ĸ϶¶ͬɽʹ󺣰ǿϢ
壬治õ
ʱһͻȻҹƮȫ𲻳ĸ˭˵ġ
ϴӹһ٣ξδˣ
һٴοڣһ䣬뷢䣬âһһģһĶһģһʽȵǵأӿ¡ĺ´̿ͳ֣ǹϢֱϢ
˵Ĺ죬ķ졣¡âһһһֻӰͬʱ֣дյֹӰѸ׳󣬹âʢһѽС
˵ײֹӰϣ޷һӴŤתײΡ
˹֮սͨʦа֣ʩչ컯߾ɱײڴ컯˵ãﵽ磬ʹָĵز
Ȼһδƽһ𣬾ڱһлεɲǣһֹϺɫʵʣ罭һкĸѸٰס塣
ֻһɲǣϵȼգҷʴЩϺɫĻٴӶȥȫܿơ
յȫûκε谭á
ֻ֣ɲǵʱ䣬Ȼ˽ӽʮ֮һ

ĹɫҪھʱû˿ԥ˲䱬һɻ֮˵ĿУһɿֲҹɫҪڰâ䲻Ȼڱ
䣬ǹɻԵһըӴɿȥԭڵϺɫҲȻֹ
ֻ棡
Ŀһĸо͵½֮ǳƣȴ½֮ӰԵ
ߣɲ㵱½֮רſľݱȻ棡ʵٸߣͻƵ۹󽫵ļҲһֵס
Ϊ׵ĺٴ𣬵ȴƮ޷ȵĸ˵ġ
һ䣬ĺ´ָ̿һţ˲ͻĹͨϺɫ档
ϺɫĹâɽΧ˲ĵɫ˵ĸоޱȡ
ݱ֮
Ǳ½֮߼ǿǿĸʴȫӶֵΪǵ۹ҲһֵסҲΪ׼⡰
ϣ
û˿ԥһԭµӰеϺɫ涸ȻʮӺڰйճ᾵ɽʯ
䣡
ϺɫĻǵأɽӸǵĹ壬˹Ĭ֮ȫûиκκ˵ء
ݱ֮ǵǿֶΡƾֲֿĻ棬ɱǿĶ֣һ۹󽫣ҲԵסǡ
Ȼ˵ľݱ֮ոշоһЦ岻û˿ܣӭһ´ֱ̿ͣȥ¡âһû´̿Ϳһǿһ㣬˲䴩͸̿͵塣


1203 ݱ֮
͸
û˿ԥ˲䷢ǿ
͸ɲֻǲŻľѧ
Цһ˲´̿͵ࡣ
ϺɫĻ͸ĳ̶ֳȫ֮ͬЩ˽ϺɫĻʴľǶ˵Զô鷳ֻһɱһ´̿͡
ⲻܣ
һĻ´̿סˡ
̫ˣ´̿͵µø죬Ԥе龰ȫһ
ɵ
иһѪɫѸٳ˹ȥ
ͬʱֻһȣֳĺˣ˽һһ㣬볯幥ȥ

Ϸķڣâһʲô˻Ӷһ´ӣ漴һŨҵɫ˳ſ磬ϯ

кһϣû˷Ӧһɫľâбţ˲䴩ؿռ䣬һ̴ʩĺ´̿͡
ۣ
˺ͷ죬˲䵹ڵһ
ͬʱâһһΪͬʱֳһģһӰںɽˡ
һĻ´̿ͻǵΪȻȫֱ治Ǽ١
ô࣬һ𹥻
˲ԥķ𹥻âһ̵ӴϺɫ˲ŷÿһɻ涼ڼţǵķΧŵޣĸģڹ֮С
˵Уĸ棬ĸǻӰܹѸٱķչȴȫͬ

ʯ䣬ֻһĲҽСڼ𺳵ĿУĻӰͬʱ𣬶һ´̿͵һӰͻȻָ֣ͬǯһ㣬Ӻǯס´̿͵Ĳδӵ
׻
Сӣ
һ˳´̿ӰǱˣ塣ȫ컯ʩչ˼ޣһɹɫӺ´̿͵ӿûڡ
õЩɫİϢǣһɰڱͬһɫĹâ
ã
쵰վݱ֮
һĻ˴ʧɫݱ֮ɵɫܹҵȼգµ۹Ҳֿˡô˾ȫʧȥ˶Կ
Ȼʵǿ󣬵£ĻӰ֮ҲΪ塣˾ݱ֮ӵ˺һϺɫ棬ô˾Ҳûк忹
컯ǿ
¡
𵴣˷еĺɫ׷׳ȥѾˡסĺ´̿ͣŨҵϺɫԾ˵ٶӿڣҺڵ½֮϶Ϊһ
ĲҽУ´̿ƵƤһ㣬ȫѪ⡢ȫӿڣΧĺ˲Ųոճ´̿ڵľݱ֮Ѿȫɾ
ǿ
ԭأһ´̿͵ʬڵϡ۾΢գĬĬ
컯ȻչûһְԵҵĸоһУɵȴŨҵϢŲոһоڵϸõ˼ǿǹǿУֲ²ĸо
¡Ҳʱ򣬹âһɳ֮Ϻɫ棬ĳԼһӿ㣬Ѹٹϣ׵
𣿡
ΧһȺ澪ɡ˱ΪҪһʱĿභû뵽ô׾͵ˡ
Ȼһ̣¡һɫĻɢȥӰ˲¶£ʮ㣬ûܵκεǰëϷڿУ廹ĵطȫ޷
һɲǵ壬ɫ䣬裬ҹɫеħһ㡣
ã
ܣ
һĻкðһǿҵΣ糱ˮӿ̼ͷƤ飬ָоֱϢ
ˣ
δ䣬һȺ˷سȥݱ֮Ը壬ô˾ѾɥʧжԸֶΡ
ߣߵ𣿡
һͻȻ˵Ķ
Ⱥ˷ӦѾܿˣܵʱȫŲͬķ򣬵ˡ飬ʯ䣬һ˼ͬһʱ䣬ȫڵϣ̴ϺɫĻճɻҽô컯ɸʬ
彫еĸʬڵϣŤͷһˡ߻һ¶һ˿ηɫܿعЦһ
㲻÷ˣǲκϢġ
˵ţһҧ˲Ϣ䣬һŨҵĺɫڱŷֻգۼ䣬ͽճɻҽ
һĻָɿеĺҲ˲ɢȥ
ѾüˣǶЩɱֶΣ廹ûа취ЩһץԥԼճɻҽκһᡣ
ֻһգۣعͬһʱ䣬޾ĺɱӶߴ
ɱ
ҹɫУվɽֻɽϻشأһŨڿն𡣺ڰУ֪뵽˺ɽڵɱ
Щ˵ʲô
߷ХԺ˲ϢͷЩΪʲôôˣһ·׷Ĵɱ¾ѵֻΪ׷ɱԼ
¡¡
ھɼ䣬ͻȻ֮䣬ҡضһӴɽ緢㣬ӽµĴɽɿֲ£ɽͬµĴأȫҵĶ
ǡ
ɫһ䣬뵽ʲô򣬷ǵص׵Ĵ˾
ɲǼ䣬ѱ򶨡Ⱥ̫ͻȻˣû뵽Լ֮⣬Ȼص׵˾ǵĹ֮С
ŵǣ˾סأɽĵôӣ嶼żȻҵĴ˾һڴ˾ټ¡Щ˵ôҵ˾ڣ
ôǿĴڣ

嵣ǵʱͻȻֻһĲҽдӵصױŷҹգ漴ɽѸʧغָܿƽһϢ
ܵһĻҲһ
ǸҽԲǴ˾ģȻⳡҵĽУ˾ʤˡ
ڷ֮࣬ĸо
벻˾ΪȻǿ󣡡
Ӹոһ˾ΪҪԶԶԽ۷弶ĵ۹󽫡
ЩͷԺһܿɽȥﻹĺڵŰɽµҲڹ֮С
ϣû˿ףʮ׵ʹõͻȻƿնһɽ¡


1204 ƽطɺ
ۣգ䴩˵壬ʮʮⳡսֱǻȺ֮һ´̿ͷ׷׵¡
ǰֻʱʱ䣬ϰС
һʱ֮еսɽϵǺ˵ʬ壬ĻǿɽЩ¾Ŀ󹤡
үЩ˶ôã
ɽ£ҵҽŲһ˱ϣ鿴ǳŭϮ̫ͻȻЩ˵书·;ӵսɱȫͬݣں޷£вϮ
˷棬Ҳͬ˴ֹۣ൱˱ɱͬʱҵҲһˡ
үҴ˰ѣ̿ʣЩ˵ʲô·
Ѧǧһߵ
һ£
һڣæֹѦǧ
ҵҲǻԵɺϲŰΣһŪѣϾͻȫɱ
ɣ
һһǿľŷ糱ˮһ㣬һ˵ԺԤϣ˵ԺУܿһơ
Ȼˣ
е˵ͷȺ˿Ƽϸ񣬾κεʵҲȷʵˡ
Ȼһ谭谭ǿȲǿֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ʹơ
ôүҵȺ˵𣿡
һŲԿ֮˹ʵ
ҡҡͷֻһһſεڵϵĺˣ
ҿǵ߰ɣ
ΧԶв죬ʲô˼ܿѦǧ߹ȥҿһ˵ߡ
ǡɺˣ
ͷ˾ӥĿ߱ǵףΪȡ
Žҿڶšźߣµ廨ţɺˡ˹ˡͻˡʦǰˡ˶УЩף˶סˡ
Щ˶ײĴ֪̿ͣܡ
嵭
õǳޣռǽһ֪ҵ͸Կ֮Щ˲û̫
ҵǴȥ
˵仰ܿ쳯һȥ
ںɽжΣݵ¶ªǰ˰ȡУԼĴ˾Ϣ΢΢Щңƺһս
ʦô
߹ȥһĵ
ãˣһ˶ѣֻǡϧˣ
˾عͷǰ۵ʬԼѪ̾Ϣһ
ĬȻҲû취£ɽϵĿ󹤼ͨˣһûжٸ֡Ȼȥֹûа취ıһС
⣬֪˾ôˣ
忪ڵصһֱЩ
˾û£ϵүдһʣ
˾ڵһ
˾Ҵһ仰㣬ԵԵԵԵɢһжжøѾˣʩͲҪȥִˡ
ûȵϸʣ˾Ͱһˡ
ү˾˿Ըġ˵˲㣬һ㣬һҲû취
ȺͰе
վþòȻкǲʣҲòʹ˷
ˣл
˵ⷬؿһΧ֪ⷬ˾һ
ಣâһܿ쳯ȥʧ

ⳡҹϮܿЩû֪ǴģҲû֪ΪʲôⳡϮеһжһƬհס
֮󣬺ʹ˾һںɽػ漴һֳźɺȥ
Լ֮߰ڸϵ˺ɺ
ôˣ𣿡
غүպүָʾǱĺ˶ֻǿϧûһʳõϢ
һӶߴҵ
Ӻɽһ·ͷవиԼĺˣװɸݣһֱûΧЩ˶벻αװĶĿ
һ·ҲӦ˾Ǹò۵ķУܹȷظоЩ˵ϢʲôˣҲαװֻҪͻᱻǰ֡
ҾԽʵԽǿж˵ˮ˸ԽңâҲԽǿ
Ժе֮ʯΧεܹȷĸ֪Щλá
ţ
˵ͷȻ֪˾ΪʲôĶǺʣöУѾԤȷЩˡ
˵һԣսŴܿųķȥ̶̰µʱ䣬ɺѾ˺ܴı仯ĿǳսѾȫһɨգǳ١
ڽϣĿ֮ȺҲϲá
ı仯ڽϣ֮ңпʼִ˵סǵ·ϣŸҵӡǣڳеĸط˿񡢲ҶԼɵֹҵƷ
үȷʵЩɺ˺˽׵ʱ򹧾ЦݣɺѾȫˡ
ѦǧӺ߹һ˷ܵ
ɺһƬİأеһжǰûнӴģⳣڶ̶ʱڽﾭӪֵزǷǳ
û˵ֻ΢΢סЩĵĻһЩ
ڰϣŤͷһһʽѧãѧһϤĺɺǴƵԡ
Щǳɬȴ顣
һѾ£ѾѿδЩӻͻῪɺ׵ĸıƺƬصˡ
¡
˼ʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬𶯣һܼӶ洫һ̧ͷ֥ⳣ壬зѶɵˣŸͷ׷ӭ˹
壬ô֮л˳𣿡
֥һȣȳ˹˿ˬǳ
ˣ
΢΢һЦҲӭȥ
壬ĲԹȻЧںɺһжѾ̤졣⣬͢ɹĵһѾϵɺıҲѾҪ˶þͻϵ
֥ЦԽԽϲΡ¡ڡ񡢽ʣԼ嶼ƽֱ̾ΪֹһʮȻ˲Ż岻ֻǾеİ
ڸ֥˵빲Ҫѣ˭ҪǸҶԸ壬֥һվ˵
ѾдһۣеĹ¼͢Ҫ˶ã͢ķ;ͻṫһսҪ㣬ǾԲܴ򵽺ɺų͢һӷ͡˵Ǳߣһս֮ôзͣŵ飬Ѿ̡
֥Цݣû˿ļʣԵеˡ


1205 ɺ
ˣΪ죬սҵǷ֮£ʲôֵ÷͵ġ
嵭鿴ǳƽ
گ֮ս˹֮սĶЩܹӮ˹֮սһεΣġ
߰ɣ
忪ڵһ䣬ȳȥһδһȻǺͿʯѾһ棬Ҳյ˷ⳣӺɺš

ɺ鵽ôˣ
˺ɺĳ忪żɽֱʵΧûˣĻǴƷĸ߲㡣ⳣϵЦѸȥ˫üһ
һйȻ綼ϣû˴ʳУɺ̤һЩصҲ¶ǴȻǷǳ𾴣Ǳ˴֮ȴûôгˣһʱ䣬ѾյüͻˡǵսʿԲַͨǳ⣬óȻֱȻᱻָƫ̻һһƽ
ֹˣ֮䣬˴˵Ҳ˷磬Ȼϻƽͣ˽ǰӿѾԶ֮ǰôŽˡ
ⳣеĵǣϵԴ֮ȴԶǷۣô򵥡
壬ɲʲôͷúô飬ܿͻֱķѡ
һԣ֥Ҳǵ
ںɺıʵ࣬ʮа˳϶Ǹƴ飬ƾͻᶪʧò׵ĳɹ
ûЩİƸھ͸ôĵطԿʳ۹
ѾЭ˽飬ǡĺѰ졣
պɽʱҲڵ
ҵ˵ȫ𣿡
һƽ뿪ɺ֮ǰ͸ⳣһţᵽɺһǼʱһҪ֪ͨϿԤȫΪʵ
Զǣнǣʳ˵вʱˣڲìȴԶûô״
ǰȻڵλԣѾͷˣܼʱ취ЩԽԽʱͳˡ
ⳣ̾Ϣ
߱ľ鶼еΡ£Լϵȶ£ȥЩ¡ǺɺһƬİںЩԲͨĺɺˡദ˰ƣû̫ľ顣
Ľ취Ѿˣ
һƽ
ˣˣ֪ͨͺķƽؽɺ
¡
һʯǧˣĻ϶¶𺳵ɫɺһѾʳʮĹϵ۹ȻҪʱ֮󣬽ϵĵ۹ؽ
壬ͬ𣿡
֥һɵ
⣬Ѿˣ˺߽ܿ⣬ؽɺôȽŸһӮģһ¥档⣬ǻ԰ַʽִ֧ʳܱߵСǧԼıĲȴܹʳĹСԿʳһݵķңҲڲ⡣
ң֧ɺҲפֱںɺһרǵӪء
嵭
פģʽһһַǳķ˲ּܱ࣬ӰʹַʱܵɺԼַܱ֮ʽҪǿΪṩ˺ɺԼǿԼԿʳ
Ŀǰõķʽ
Ļ֥ʹ˵ɫȻÿࡣ
壬ȻҲ֪ǶǴҲûõİ취ˣͰ˵ȥɡΣⶼҪǶʧɺǿ
֥
ڣ˺ܶϸڣܿ죬Ϣʹ˰ͺķ
ʲô
Ϣͺķһ͵شλվΪͳ˧ɺִģλߵĵ۹󽫣ͺķԳȡأԵϢǰҲ޷Գˡ
ؽɺ
ǰͺķ붼顣ֻҪдʳ۹ڣɺͼܽȷȷʵʵǰͺķɺĶԴӹȱ𣬲֪ٺɺ˯оѣ˯п
λˣͺķ֪˵ʲôλ˺ʹƵĶ飬ͺķеĺɺˣǣ
ͺķۿͨ죬УĺɺҲǼѡ
ĪҮȥ֪ͨ£Ϣ
֣͸֥Ϊȡһֱ֪ɺҵĴڣ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼλ
лλˣ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һźɺԵ粨һ㣬ΪޡŮǰ͸֥һ
͸֥ǰɺҹж¶һ˿޵ɫλɺҵĹֹţһ˾޵̬ر὿ζ̲סһǿҵı
ŮΪʲôͺķеĺɺ˰ˡ
ؿɺʹǼᶨѣҲǱӦġ
֥
޾˵ɺ˵ͷתͷ壺
ǰ˵Ĵû뵽ôᡣ
˵ţƳһۣһ˫ִԲһ㺣һɲǵİһ־˵̬֥Ͱͺķˡ
жһæһ
ˡ
ܿ죬ӷ˳֥һۣ̲סЦ
˹ϲҪ˶ãͻΪɺˣΪɺǻʵҲпܵģ
ߴˣ
֥еϷʣдΪŭ
һ֥࣬þգЦȥ

ͬʱͺķɺȥıӰҲ˼
ѾˣҲϲˡƵλӢ䣬оҪǣûлȢɺؽѹ޸Ҳδɡ

ɺںɺؽϢ磬ʳ۹ڣɽХʮһ㡣
Ϊʳܱڹǿ۹ɺǴʳ۹һǿĵˡ
쵰
յϢʳ۹ʵķ˫ָֽ߬ˡ
ƵļնҪɺڶԿʳ᲻ס
ˣҲǸʲôۣΣһҪǸƵʬΣ
ķӴĴʳ۹һܻѸתֻյΪʵǸڶ࣬ǿƼĴʳ۹ҪҵһܹԸĴڣҲûôס
ʳǱߵĶʱ˿̵ĺɺȴһƬϲͻڡǳ֮УİԷۼǮϣܹؽɺͷⳣֱӣҵܶ൱ĺɺˣҸǵĿһɺͼֽټĺɺԼƵĹͬؽɺʹ


1206 Ƶ£ϣ
⣬ƻѵݣɺһǧƽ𣡶ɺҲͶұںɺĶѡ鼫ΪƾӵפءƬ򣬴ӵоԵͳȨɺңҲȨ롣
ֹˣΪԴƵԼмͺķ½ɺ˴һϵȨ
κʱֻҪԸ⣬κεɣɺȫ
ĿȨƣһǰûзƺͺɺ˼̶̳ȣ˶е𾪡ΪܣҲʾԼΪɽǿ
ɺ½ļĵڶ죬Ʒʹ˴Ŀ׺Ӧɺͬʱ͸֥Ӵ֮ѡʮḻĶ佫Эɺһѵ
ɺֻжʮƾɺľ޴Ӱ̶ʱڣɺļ˶ʮҷɢĸѵϣܹģҹͣѵ
ɺȻΪǿĵ۹֮һɺս棬˿ѷڴʳˣĳЩй֮һʱѵһ֧ģսľѸٳ͡
ɺжʮټ֧ӣʱ˽ӽʮӴԴʳǿУҲѾӵԱ֮
һж̤棬ɺ֮Խļ̡Ҫǣɺڲ֮ìܹȻࡣƾŰͺķɺڲܿ챻ѹȥͷҲɱҡ
ɺ棬Ҳ˹ڲ´ƺ͸Σա
ֹˣɺĽҲʹϣֻҪõƵİϿɣܹڴʳ۹ܱ߽Լĵ۹ǡǡġ
һɺø俴ϣҲ˴ƵǫúͰݣڴʳܱԼеԽԶ
֪һ¹ȥʳڹȥѩеǳҰ֮УԪþûлָʱڣ½ɺǸûк֮ǡɺͺķ֮ڸƶ£ԪٺӽѧãѸٵʳܱ߿
ֹǺɺԼʳܱȫԪٵѧáÿһѧѧϰˣṩһͣͬʱѧѧϰһ£ȵ͵ֹҵ롣
ֹˣЩѧϰɼĺɺԼܱߵܻһʶķڽǮĴ̼£ѧԱӿ뵽ѧ֮У̶ʱڣѧϰ˾ͷ˷ǧ߰ǧˣµѧýɣڼٵС
һжļƻźõķչо֮УһЩͨĺɺ˶һЩ򵥵ӵܴкһ磬ҳЦݣŲµʱ䣬ʵ˲˼顣
ڳǳؾӪѶɺ͹Щ˶Ŀɿڴ岻ѡ
ʱ仺ȥһߴŹģһķչΪһжԶһֱôȥʱͻȻһ벻ļƻ
үߴ룬˵ǳһλҪĿˣһȥӭӡ
֮󣬵׹ĵʱͻȻһսʿ˽ɫޱȡ
ŶʲôҪĿҪȥӭӵģҲз𣿡
΢ЦţͷҲ̧
еȫ˷ⳣ壬رɺ֮󣬳Ĺϵ͸ˡ
үǳ͢ʹߣ˺ĽѾǰˣ
սʿ
ˣԸ֥ͷⳣĵλ廹֪ʲôôߵķҪӭӡѵǸ溲ǾǸ溲ҲֻǺ͸֥ƽƽﲻּ
ʲôˣ
±ʣЩˡ
ǳ͢һλձߣбϣ
İսʿʵ󻹲һ䣺
Ǵʥּģ
ʲô
ϡ֣ͫһеıʣ̧ͷһʯǧˣû뵽ʱ֡
ҹȥ
˵ߡ
صĻȣûпһɤ
ߴˣþòߴ˴ʯײռ˺ɺԺǰ;Ҫ˶ãҾҪ˵ıϢΨհˣ
͸һɸ߸ϡ°ζȻšߴˡȴûа𾴵˼
ң
ң
Ǽɤ䣬Ϥ
Ǹ֥ͷⳣ壡
ʱɫһʶ֥ͷⳣôã廹ûʲôʱ˿Ѿǿˣǳϻ̳Ͽ֡ǰûе͹ͷĸ֥һȴǸѼɤӰǰͷ­ηͲ
ǿɲǣҸд߷ţ˿һⶼûأ

ˣֻ֥ǾæϾظѡ
ֻ֥
üͷԽԽ̲ס֨ѽһƿ˽ȥȥһͷɫٷĻ¹һź̴̫ʦ߸ϣеλ
Ķ棬֥ͷⳣԼվţ¹ټļɵǧϯԪ˿ŶԷһָʹӣɫ࣬˭ҲҶ˵һ䣬һӡ
ˣ
߽նһ䡣ԭһֱ̫ʦеĻ¹٣ƨ¾װ˵һ͵ԭϢѹֵİˣҲźۼĳһ
Ŀ磬ֻɨһۣѾô£ǰŻȨƵĻ¹٣ûǱˡ
ƣ̫࣬һͻ¸ʿʥߣңûһǺöˡһǷߵļڻңŴ¹پǰıϣ
ȻԣصȨȴǿޱȣĳ̶ֳϣڶڻԶԶ޷ȡԭܼ򵥡
һ˵ͷܵѹƣõĸ֥һ˰󶼻λá֥ܳΪĴ֮һҺųưս񣬵۹֮ڣͱҲӵĪĹϵ
ⷽ˵ϵ̫
ȻҲΰΣȻ˸֥λãȴʲôĴ󷢣ǵʱĸ֥͵͵͸һݺ񣬻¸ҲǸ֥ʱΨһ۵㣬Ҳ۵㡣
˸֥Ǯƹ죬ֱӸʥдţʹʥע⵽֥˸֥Ĵ档
Ȼϵ̰ȴ뵽˹֪ϢУһֱԴԴϵشӸ֥ȡθԽԽ󡣸֥ʯһȻսҪһҲͱϵȡѲ˹ϵ
˫ϣ֡
ǳУҲΪò㣬ٽʥگɱ˸֥һ۹ûǳҾзһãȴ˱С


1207 
嵱֪飬ҲǸޱȡڵ۹ʷϣ֥ҲвٹԴҳϵģΣһ󽫣ӦһС
ֻɨһۣ֪ô¡
ǰ͸ִ֥Ӵʳʵ۹﷢Ҫʮƽ𣬼ϲ֮ǰɺݣٴδӴʳ۹ҪƽڵĴƾＯֵӴƸ
ԱϵԸ񣬱ȻǾŵѪζһ㣬Ҫʲô£Զܵɺˡ

˼ʱһ࣬ѾЦһװ㣬ӭ˹ﻹһ֮ǰָʹӡ֮ǰΪȫˡ
ž
ڱЦʱͻȻһƺ׵ĺݺݵڱϡһֱӾͰѱϴˣ֥ͷⳣ˸һ㤡ֻһ¹ٲ٣ȴʥߵĺˣһмʹȨ
ʥΪ˼£˽߹صȨ֥ܵϵ⣬ôİѱȻһԭȻȴΪԭ
ϿɾԲʲô̫ͨࡣ
㣬ң
Ű߸߸ǰ壬˶ˡ֥ҪͿҶ
ǺǣոӬУĸӬѣ𣿡
΢΢ЦţϵƤ
֥ǺˣھûиԴã岻ͬң죬󶼻;Źӣͬʱʥ׵ġôĹ͡
˵ʵ廹治ôϡ
еЩȨǰȫûκεá
һһ죬㷴ӦٳٶҲָ֪ɣȻڷԸ֥˵Ƿˡ
𿴱ڸ֥Ĵǰָʹλ綼ˣ
úãúã
ԤϣĲΪϻᷢ쭵ʱͻȻһЦ𡣱ϲûзŭ幧һ
ô˵ӼһҪллˣ
һһƵᣬͺոһưĲǴϡ
忴һĻ֪һ£ЦصĶҲò֡ƾԺֶΣҲѹôҺͷԣѵʱǰ󶼻ķ켷һʮꡣ
塭
һԣ֥ͷⳣǿһĻȴǸӲˣǺͱϺʮ꣬ԱϤԽǹԽ˳ԽԶԸ
үλǱϣ߹ǻߵĺˣֳʥʵƣʥ׷ļŽͬʱǹеĻܹܣ߹мӡ
һԳǧͻȻ̲סڵ
ѪȵģֱֱֱײײɽͷҲҪĶ˭
˭Ҳ֪Ÿոյһκͱϼ棬ΪʲôͶôĵ⣬ϲ̫ܱͨ࣬ʥʷżŽ˵̶ܳȡ
̫⽫Ƿëǣ£ԱϾηֲûɵġ
Ǹ֥ⳣ廹ǳǧЩںͿ׵¾͵ôһ̫ࡣ
Ȼûȳǧ˵꣬ͳ˰֣ݹȥһ
ڰǰҲͰˣԼǰ˼ǾѰ·
ǺǣܹܴͿ๦ߣ԰ҲշмӣҰʦس˸ʿ߹һܹܴ˵Ĺѫúõڸߴǰ˵һ
忴ǰıϣȻһЦ
ৣ
Ļ϶һ¾ͱɫʿ߹⼸־ͺӵзǷħȻ佫ӴĲ࣬ܶûڻʹڣرڻ¹֮УȴӵзǷΪĴܹܣȺ֮ס
±Ҳɵء
ʥյǱҲû뵽;Ȼô˼ʱܹڵһܹܸʿ߹
Ҫǣʿֱ˾
ˣСû˼˺͸ߴͿ๦ߣڽɽйôĹͣСҲ
ϱɫͷ­õ͵͵ģﻹаͲ
ߴˣ㲻Ǵʥּ𣬿
嶢űϱһʥֻּ¹٣Ǹ鳼ͺߵһס֮㵽ֹû׼ɱδļ࣬ǱŽֻҪõĺãܹãΨһҪֻɻ֮ǰʱ
нשκ˶һɲģǿôãԷǰµĴ鳼˱̫ڻʵȴ˺պĹ
˵ǣӼôôҪˡ
΢΢԰ɫƳһķ򣬿ηޱȣеˡ
Զ֥ⳣ壬ǧİһĻڳһע⵽˱ϱڱʥּԴҪЮٳٲ˵ʥּ£֥Ҳһ취ûС
Ȼ̰䰮ƣȴжģұ⣬ܱʵ۷żŽĻ¹мˡ˻岻ģͱ˺Ƥ
ߴˣ
һԣⳣʶƣͻȻһǰ˫һУϽʥּͲôһССĶôڵջࡣϴ˸ʱȻࡣ
ָ
Ҳҿ壬һ̯еĽɫʥּŶʥּϵצƽ֣͸һʥζ
ʥּ֥ⳣ壬ǧȰ׷׹
ˣʵگԻ󶼻֥˹࣬ʮʳӣɱˣأ޵ˣһ·ָӴƺɺΪºպսߪ֥Ϊ󽫾ʳٺ»ǧʯϼǧ͹һѸ£հԼҴ񣡡
ǧΪʷةʳǧʯͻƽͻƽⳣΪ»ʳǧʯմˣ
ɫ£΢Щڻ졣
䣬ڣеİʱ׷׼
ʥʹͶΪˣ
󽫾Ǵδйҫ
һɲǼ䣬˶Ǻεȵҫ˹֮սǰ֥ܹٷƿѾ൱ˡ
ڴƵĵ۹˵ܹ⵽һѾǼ£ҲһĬϵĹ涨˭Ҳû뵽ʥϾȻ͸֥ΪҪ֪ͬڡֻҪƻڣ֥ķͿഫһֱȥ٣Ѿܾòֹˡ


1208 ϣ
ߴˣϲα¶൱⣬ʮô۹󽫣ܷģ¾ֻˣ
һԣʥּҲЦݣ߹ȥص
⣬λ⼸սݣҴƵĹѾⶨ˶ԸλķͣҪ˶ãͻѶԸλķ͹ˡ
͢г͢Ĺأ֥ǧⳣԼЩسķͣʥֱӲöʥּⶨ£Ľ죬ɱⶨͿˡ
лˣ
֥ͷһͬʱ˫̯ӱϽӹʥּսҫȻ˹Ǹ֥û뵽ģܿ죬֥ƽ
ߴˣˡ֥ͬǷͣΪʲôʹͳٳû
̧֥ͷʵ
ˣ֥һ䣬ͻȻһƬž˵Ŀ׷Ϻ塣
۹ͣĵһ֥Լս˹Ĵս˹ǺɺָӣҪ۹ͣҪȸ֥öࡣ
ǽŵģǴ½ս񣬱¶ԺүҲǳмӣôĹʥϺͳ͢᲻ֻ֪µĹ̫󣬻ɱʳսײʳ⹦ǶȥˡϵسԼ˺ʥﶼͷۣôүͣڳϵ൱ңһʱԺүķͿûôһ£ӦҲˡ
һ΢Цȴʵ⣬ֵ١
壬岻ԺգܵʥʵĳţҾȻĶͷ˾ʿ߹ܡڸ֥ǰָʹסİѱȴǰҲôɡ
ϵĻΧһ
үϲˡ
ⳣͻȻ˳ǰһ
үͿ๦ߣҼҴ˶ܹٷүսĵһų͢ʥ϶Ժүķֻӵķ񡣡
ڽҲǷ׷׵ͷⳣ˵ûԸ֥󶼻ݶ͵͢ʥ϶ķֻӵ¡
ϲˣϲˣ˵Ĳ͢һԴط͵ġ
˷׷Եÿһ˶ĵĸеˣڸôŬһ˻رҲӦõġ
ֻǵһЦ;ģսʤʳ˹ͺɺʤġ
ߴˣһ·һҲѾˣȥϢϢɡԪ죬ߴȥϡ
֥˰֣Ը
ǣˣ
ϯԪӦһæص
Ǿʹˡ
æ岻ڲ˵Ҳס뷨ЦݣڱϵУϰ£ﻹ
ǧҲȥɡ
֥ųǧİ죬ŵ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ֻʣ¸֥ⳣˣ֥
壬ֻʣˣʲô˵𣿡
Ӹոտʼ֥ע⵽ʲôҪԼ˵ӣҲԼ֧˵ԭ򡣶˶٣֥ŵ
壬֪ܲ߹
ҪǮ
֥û˵꣬ͱˡ֥ͷⳣȻ̧ͷĿ䣬ԼƺԼеܺ뷨
һӾ˼ȹļž˭û뵽Ὺ˵֥ⷬͱϵһֱܣ֪˸ûм
ô֪ģ
֥
ûв͸ǽֻҪĲ飬ܲ鵽˿˵Ľ֮·ǸѲ˹ϵ
ƽ
˳Ĭþò

ã֥ͷͻȻһ̾Ϣ
ȻѾ֪ҾͲˡ٣£͸ôһ£˺ʮһֱܴ˳⣬ԶҲѲ
£֥ͷⳣ겻ѡ
û᲻ģ֥ҲͬҲг嶯ʱ򡣸֥Ը似˵ãԶͬͷȺְôã¹ͣʼղΡѣʱĸ֥ʹһУȻ˰󶼻λãҲĺ
ʯ֮սҪ˶Ǯ
帺ֱֶӿżɽ
ƽ
һڶȴһԵķⳣ忪ˡ
ˣ
֣Ҳ̲סƤһ˹֮ս֧͢ԮһҲͲһǧƽһ˺þá
ʯһսһξȡƽ𣬼Ҫӽμ˹֮սľѣҪ֪ЩǮǹӶ˽ʮĴ
һأ
ŵ
֥Ĭþû˵һԵķⳣٴλش
ƽǧ
ˣ
֣׼Ҳ̲סƤһȻɫǧǻƽ͸֥Ӵʳ۹թʮƽ𣬱֪ϢԿھǰǧǧθںֹʮȥ˵Ǹ֥ˣ嶼㲻ȡ
θһαһδȥʮƽȫ͸϶ֻҪ㲻˱ϵθڣϾǷ
쵰ôĵӣΪǴӴʳǮ˽𣡡
ŭϵθڣҲ̲סȻŭ
֪ô̰Ҹովɱ
壬ɣ
֥ͷⳣⷬΪʧɫ
ǼŽʥʹߣɱ͵ʥʡ
ǧҲֻ˵˵ѣûȷ֤ݣóȻɱһܹܣֻ¶ԶҶΪǿڲ࣬򲻿ΪС˷硣
æȰ
û˵ֻеŭʤˣף֥ͷⳣΪʲôҪȥˡˣȶûϵǺͱ֮ĹϵлҪ֪Ķöࡣ
ͽһ̫࣬ٽǺôĵӣ
Ŀ
壬򲻿ɣ
֥ͷⳣ弱ɫˡ
λˣǷģҲɵģԸֻ¹٣а취
ɨһۣһƽȻŭ𣬵廹ûʧȥǣԸĻ¹٣ò̰ˣ˶ļŽθڣȡĶԲֹһ֥
ڸ֥֮ǰ֮󣬱ضܺߡ
ûв͸ǽֻҪץϾٴͣҲӲġ
֥ͷⳣ忴壬Ҫçײ£ȥɵϵӣ΢΢һ
ӻܿȸ⣬һżĸԶһһ̻֦꣬Ҷïʢ˵ʲôѱôһ̽ʲ
廹ԶھʦԼȥһš


1209 շϣ
ǻ׹Уھ󣬶ȱվ̫̫Լе̶ܳȣҪһ̫̫࣬ײ±ʥ׷ļŽ̫λǰҲ΢
ţڳûǱԱ̰Ըһ˿
ϢĻҪöࡣ֮͵õҪϢ
ʮ֮ҲõȷϢһûʣͰϸϸһϡϵͬʱ쳣˼䣬ȥһ̫࣬ȿ൱ĺ棬ˣϢȴκһ˶Ҫʵ


彫һϣžһ˦ڱǰλʷϵɫһڵϣͷ⡣
ճ͢Ĺأʥּ֮͸ö뿪ɺΪһʱ̰ٳòҪǰǧƽ𣬱ϰгӺʮ죬һֱϵڡΪεõϢʱǸ֥ͨʲôû뵽ľȻ
ŵһϣľ˶Ҫˣͷϵ亹ʱˮһ˳ȫ̰ܻߣԼٵϣЩϢȱԼҪҲڿЩϢʱȻѣ
ϣһ¹٣ű¸ƣȻھΪƣҪЮ󶼻ĵ۹س֪֪ƾһԽǧУϧ
Ӹ£ֶĿŹǰıϣޱȡ

Ϻ꣬ͷ絷⣬ײõ죬ͷ˶֪һɲǣĪĿ־壬Ѽ֤ʵ̫ȫˣͱĻҲ
ݣֻҪЩȥ·һ
ߣߴ˵ķϣһ֪㻹õҪЮߴˣȻթ٣·һҵӦ֪ӵҶ֪

СףСף˷ģС˾ʮӣҲԲҪЮߴˡ
֣̿亹ꡣ
ܺãЩȥɣ
ָָԱߵһľУ̧ͷľȡ
С˲ңС˲ң
ʱﻹĶ
ãã
Ŀ΢΢͸һɺ⡣
һﻹҶ˵һ·ϥУߵܱߣͷùľС
򿪿һ𣿡
嶢űϵ
ǣ
žһľУĶһɲǱ˴סˡ
⡭
ľеĶǱģһĽԪȯÿһŽԪȯ󣬴ԹĽԪȯ֮ࡣ
̧ͷ壬˶סˡ
ƽȥɣҲǿߴˣйķϡЩǮԺܳһʱˣٸ֣Ҫضն⡣

ϻ亹Ҷ˵ʲô
лˣ
ȥɣ
˰֡
ϱϱ񲻵ûôĺôʱһ㣬ﻹҹයո߳ԥ˼£Ȼͣ
ôˣ㻹ʲô𣿡
庮
С˲ң
ϻһ¶ηɫ
ֻСһ£֪Ǻͺүйصġ
һǿ
˵ɣ
˰֣Ϊ⡣
СھеʱҲŹһЩϢүȻºͣ͢ҪηͺүǱȴԺү΢ʡ
ϵ
Ŷ
üͷǺܿȻ֮ǰ˹֮սĳ佫÷ǳ̫ʦΪ׵ĳսķǳΪԼүүԳ棬̫ʦڳз˳ͻ͢ҪңǱзҲǳ
֪ˣܺ˵Ҳˣȥɣ
ӻֵ
ļ²ṩϢûûãԸԼ˵ֶˣҲԼȥƽ
ǣ
ϹӦǣܿ˳ȥֻʣ塣
ˣΪʲôѾץİѱҪƽ𣿡
һͻȻһյĽŲⳣ͸֥һӴһ᣺˳ű뿪ķĿһâ
ͱϽ̸ȫ˶ں󷽿ԭΪԸ񣬱Ͽ·һû뵽岻˱ϣ󻹸һǮӡеȫͬ
鳼м鳼÷Ȼ̰޶ȣӹɵģֻҪסҰģΪã˵ʲôʱͻᷢãһƻҲҪõ
嵭
̰ϾҲɾ˸֥۹¾Ҫһλս񡣴һ˵ϱЩõġôˣܱʶ֥ҶŷвټʥʣͿֳ
Ҳһԭ֮һ
֥ͷⳣĬȻû˵ʲôƻ֥ͷⳣҲĬûȥʡ
ʱһζϴԪȯ뿪ˣɺָֻһжڷⳣİ¾֪һ¹ȥ

峿ʱ֣ɺһ춯أԶԶȥ̳һ̤׸˹Ϸ޽Ķţһ·ɺС
ˣʮ﷢ִʳӵټܼʮڳźɺ
һڵϣ
ʲôʳ
Ϣһ䣬վһѡ
˹֮սɺ֮սʳ۹Ѿһٶӣ˭Ҳû뵽ѩڻ֮ô־
ˣȥټ֣Ǻݺݵٽѵһ٣
ˣԸʳˣ
һȺ׷׿˴Ϸ䣬ϵ塣
ˣ
嵭ȻһЦ˴㵵ĿУ΢΢İ˰֡
ֻʮʳӶѣеһҶѾźˣͺķ𣿡
شˣһѾ׼дʱԽս״̬ĵˣ
һڴ𣬰ͺķվڴ²ԶһվɢǿҵϢ
ܺãǾͿʼɣ
һ˿˵Ĺâ˫ְű֣ĴλվһɲǵضɽҡһɰϢϱ
սһ

ɺ⾲ĵģֻе׸˹ˮյ͵͵ķ֪˶ã¡¡ͻȻһԶʼʱΪɲ飬Ƕ̶ʱڣӵһ˵ĵز
쿴
һͻȻ˹ͷ𣬴ƽһ̾˵ĿУһӿĺڳӵƽߴӿ
֮нƮһ˸˾޴ĺɫʳսӭƮҫޱȡʹʳ۹սôã˶Դʳ˵սϤˡ


1210 δս
¡¡
ԽԽ糱ˮһ㣬ֻƬ̵ʱѾȫ˵Ұ
ʮƵĴ绢ǺʹʳΣľѡ
ԶԶģӴ¶ЩǿϢһεĴʳӣۼǿ֮ܶǰҪࡣ

ڴǰһϢӴɽʹ󺣰Ĵʳܶİγһָߴΰ˹ǡ
ɱ
һ£ĴʳʱǧĸʳܶԲԶӿȥһɲǴضʧȥɫ
׼֮󣬴ʳ־ۼһӣɺ˽
䣡
ǧɣǧɣһǧɡڸϵ׸˹ϵʱ򣬺¡һ𣬾˵ĿУһ޴ĺɫŴӴʳӵӪȻʮɵĿռ䣬ݺݵڵ׸˹ӵĶ԰һĺɱһƥƥսѸٵ̤ţȻѸٵŶ԰ȥ
˻׵ɱһƬ
ɲǼһƬɱ
һһ̵ĺɫڶ԰ڵ׸˹ϣѸٳһͨ;
ǧս˻ţӿȥ
ٲİٲٲصԽԽߴΰ˹ǽʼûж
һʮһʮһٲԽԽڳǽµĴʳ׼ǽʱ򣬾ʱͻ
׼
һ߿źһ㻮գҲɺƽһֱûжĺɺǽϣͻȻһĺͬˮһ㣬һһǶصеĴʳ佫һдΪ
һ̣˾ĿУɺǸߴĳǽȻŲһȱڣȱں飬ǧ򣬾Ȼ¶һӴĸеЩеǰˣһĳ峿Ĺâ˸Ŵ۵ĺ⡣
󣡡
ͻȻһ󾪿ֵգ֪ĸμӹ˹֮սʿһϳȱں˹սϣдʳŷɥĴƳ
˹֮սǧܴƳ󣬾͸ʮĴʳجΰļ䣬ɺǽȱں¶ĴƳ󣬾Ȼﵽ֮ࡣ
߸ߵĳǽϣ޼᲻ݣĴƳ
ƵĴƳ飬ɺǱһװݵսݡκ־ᶨĴʳΪ֮Ĵڡ
ˣ
һμӹ˹֮սĴʳҲľͳսܶȥ
ǵķӦѾܿˣվ̫ˡûЩʿܳ䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬ϵĺһһХܼȣӺɺϵ

ֻһĲҽУĺУɺ⣬飬Ƶʿ⧲˴һ䴩壬ڵϡ
ţ
ţ
ţ

߸ߵĳǽϣպɽһ㴣еĳһδֲϵ£һɲǵպɽĿ䣬ɫڤ㣬ų´ʳ˵ˡ
䣡
ļһһ㣬ǵ˵׸˹ӶĴʳͷϣЩʳӻԵĴֻ岨ӵ׸˹ӵɺǽټսϣʬҰѪɺӡ
Ĵһɲ⵽ԵĴȫû

־壡

ǰ󲻹һ룬ֵĵĳõ׸˹еĴʳѣܲĴƳ֯һµʡ˺Ҫͣˡ
ȻĺĻںͷ˵ĿУֻһɲǣɺĳͷͻȻ֡
ս£Ӱ飬ռҰÿһ䣬ɺԭյĴͻȻ֮Ȼ򿪵ĴźսʿˮХ
ʮ򣬶ʮƵĴԴԴϵĴӳӿէһȥеʿ˿Ĵʳ
ֹˣЩʿӿͬʱĴƳҲӳǳ˳
ߣߣ
һĻеĴʳ˶ˣԭΪʳռбƣǴǰȫһɲǼ䣬ʱ˲ɢʮʳﻹûʽսʿѾ䵽˹ȵס
¡ɽɥʧʿܵǴĩβеﶼɫ֣ԱʱٶȣԶ˶ȥ
ϣһʳ佫Ψֺɺ׷ɱ׷׳Ѹٿ˵׸˹Ȼܡ
䣡
һĻ׸˹ӶеʿȫЦʱһĴʳ۹Ҳн졣ûпѾ׻ľʿǰȫܡ
Ī׷ȥɣνѵźܳһʱǶˣ
߸ߵĳǽϣ嵭ȻһЦ¶һ˳ᢣʤǧζ·磬ûʲôԤϲġ
ԤԤϣҺϲ˵仰ʳΪξܹһѩǰܣֻϧǲ֪еľٶڴ˵Ԥ֮Сֻϧе׸˹ӣĻҶŹλᣬضһ·׷ɱ
ͺķվߣŴʳ˳˵ķҲ̲סЦ
أ
Ͱͺķһ߿ĺŽڳ漴׷ʿձͬʱʼɨսҿʼЩ
ںɺӪ£Ƶĳ󣬻н徭ӪɺҪһڣеһڷá
䣡
ŴձԶԶأɺзһ춯صĻеľѾ֪һսĽһܲѡ

һȺûõĶ
ͬʱңԶİ͸Уʳʵ۹﷢յǰϢ飬һɰ籩һ㣬λʳͳڱŷӴ糱ˮ㺳ʳʹ
ʹڣеĹŮͬµĳ佫ҹ壬ȫĪܵǰ߷ݰ˳ȥݺײΧĵϺǽϣмʵĹŮֱײιȥ
£
ŭ죬Ĺ﷢˶ǳϻ̳Ͽ֣η壬һϵѪҲ׷׹ڵϡ
Ӵĵ۹Ӵľӣܶʹ󽫣Ľ죬ѵһССûа취𣿡
ķ˶Ҫըˡ
λڣʳķʵдգ֪ǿĵ۹ڴʳӴıǰҷ𣬹س֧Ƶľ֮еһбȻֹ
̶̰꣬ģսȫʧܸա⻹ֻǴڶһ֧ӶѰǸĴ㳲ѵҪӳ͸ﲻɣ
£̫Ƕ̫ǿˡɺ׼Ƴ󣬶һʮľӣǡ
£һλߵĴ壬׳ŵӸո˵˼䣬Ȼû˵꣬һ﷢һɳȥ


1211 ˾Ԥԣ

ʳʵ۹﷢˵֣ɫ࣬Ť˳ķŭʲôɣ˵ǾԲܽܵġ
ۿķѪ˿һͷ˶ʳޣ󺧣ﻹҷֱ䣬һ澪֣æ˳ȥ
ֻƬ̵Ĺڱյģķ⣬ˡ
쵰쵰쵰
ķվڱǰĿ⿴Źķ˫ȭգ㼱
ĵһսȻʳˣʮĴȻսӣȺɺ֮սʮܣʮսҪԽܡҲζʳ۹ѾöǸ½ɺûа취
սʤսˣķ˵ֱһ֮ǰδе衣
˾ѵҪôˣټĵ۹ѵЩˣһ취û𣿡
﷢ҧгݣͻȻ̲סе
ĵģ˹﷢Ļûκε죬·ֻһɲǣֺͣһϵӹ﷢
ֻһʧѣֺαعڻ
﷢󣬹ӰãһϵӰźɫĳۣһȨȣӴ󷽵Ӱл˳߶ʱǺɫ΢΢ڶɳɳͬɳİȻӰϣȴûκεϢͷ·Ӻڰ߳һһ㡣
ʱ˿̣ڹ﷢ʢŭ֮ʱôģ۹ҲֻλصĴ˾ˡ
̲ˣܴ裡һҪټ۹ľӣʹƾһս׵ĴݻٺɺͶеͽ
﷢˫ĿѪ죬ŭХȫҲھĴ£ҵ趯絶ӿհХ
²õģֻһСص˶ѣòΪǷŭұµĵҪ˶þͻӭж⡣
ʢŭĹ﷢ͬ˾ɫƽԵ÷ǳ侲һ˫ǵ˫۷·͸ؼеܡ
˾Ļ﷢͵һ𣬷·ʶʲôתͷ
˾ʲô˼
˾лһ˵
Ǻǣ£Ѿ䣬ϣ飬ܿͻᷢˡ
˾ȻһЦûй͡
﷢վԺ˲Ϣͷ֪뵽ʲôһɲǼ䣬ԭŭһɢࡣ

ʳ˵ĹһαˣɺܲѡǰսͬһΣɺƾʵĽʳˡɺ³ɺڴʳǰӵԱ֮
ĺɺϽͷȸԾ
ʱ仺ȥ֪ҹĻ٣УĹģս˵ȫ֮Уеܳ󣬰֮ûжԸ˵ĵˣ˰ĵоÿֻ֧һˣҲԽĸɸɾҲ֮ǰսУƺЩԭ
Щÿһ۰󣬸ߴƽ֮࣬ǰƵɱߴһƽ𣬼ҲҶǴӴʳ﷢թʮƽЩѾأǻͱҲֱóƽסڳ֮ڡ
ӵôӴĲƸЩ۶ô󣬶˵ֵһᣬҲںɺô೵ԭ
ʱţȫڹ֮СԽӴ漰Խ࣬Щƾⳣһȫ˲ġ
ģ͸оЩԾˡⲻ֪ʲôʱ򣬽ʱĹȥûԽԽ󣬵е̻ȺĻ
ô£
еǺʣ΢΢üͷ
ںɺУҲˣûھɼ䣬ͻȻһĽŲٽӽźܿ˼ٵ
ˣͺķ룬һμӻڣ
ڣ
üͷһΪ졣
󽫾˵ȥ˾֪ˡ

ԽˡҲ֪ʲôʲվƿ˳ȥ飬ոմ򿪷ţӭʮؾ޴̻ջһƬѤõ̻ڷѾоһˣߵ֪ڵĺɺжô֡
վڷſڣȥֻɺУȼܵŨҵĻ𣬽ҹնյһƬ͸ʱɺӦһƬţڶѽ磬ڣǻֵĺ󡣺ɺɽ˺嶼֪ж˽ͷף
⵽ô£
嶸һ۾ںɺдôʱ䣬û嶼֪ʲô

ԻʱһϤС
ŤͷȥֻͺķһɫۣͼһվڻɫЦݣʮָˡ
󽫾ǷʲôˣУʲôǻڣ
߹ȥʵ
ھǹڣǺɺŷǻҲǹһ֮شĽաԴɺƣеĺɺΪūܵʳ˵ĿƣǱûоٰκεĻڡһΣɺ¸٣ֽλܴʳеڴܹ裬Էľ»ָѾȡĻڡ˼˺ܾãǾ˳Ӧҵ˼
ɺкɺ˵Ķˣû㣬ɺؼգеĺɺҲȫڴʳ˵ĿֲͳεУΣһλڣһҪһμӣ
ͺķ¶΢Ц롣
⡭
ԥоλĴߴ٣
ˣߣߴǶμˣھֻˣ
ǰˣҿɶأ

ԥƬ̣ڵ˵ͷ
ðɣ
Űͺķߵϣ岼ǧӰ罭һӿΧһشظ裬ֻЩȺŮ٣ÿ϶ŷϲú˷ܡЩȺ嶼֪ܵ˸Ⱦ
ҲʱȺ˰ͺķ壬ȻһҵĻ䣬һУһԸеĺɺŮͻȻֿȺ¶һ˿ĵЦݣȻһɫĻĲ
һɲǣΧͻȻһĻͺһԹ۵İͺķҲ̲סЦ
ǺǣɺĴͳİĿ˵һμӻڣͻ֮ʾӭءδŮϣǱﰮĽ֮⣡
ͺķһ䣬ڵһһ㣬ΧеҲŻЦϻɺŮΧһ裬һߴ󵨵ۡ
ˣ˸㣬ɺŮȫһһ˾ͻ书Թˣһδ֮ɺвٵŮǲѰ
ͺķ΢Цţʧʱ


1212 ڣ
ĿһɨֻȺУĵŮԼЩɫ֮ޱȡϽջĿ⣬ɫΪΡ
ҪаͺķһڣǶܻһӵϣͬʼɺŮһԼϻ衣
ͺķҲΣͻȻǰڵһԸеɺŮ߸Ｘ䡣
ˣȥɣ
ͺķ˻֣ɺŮ΢ЦƳһ壬⣬Ȼһ㣬תţԾţ뵽Ⱥ֮СҲ֪Ů˵ʲôȺУԭ׼һλŮһǰϻ֮ŮǣЩĿһ֮󣬼תͷ뵽˻ЦȺ֮С
󽫾Ƕ˵ʲô
忴һĻҲסк档һԵİͺķ
Ǻǣһ֪ˡ
ͺķ΢ЦŵһĸĪ⡣
ôûЩŮľгһ
߰ɣߴǻڵء
ͺķߵ
Ŷ
дΪ棬Ҳûжʣڰͺķһ·ǰȥ
һɺעǲҹǣǵȼͻȺҲһЩһĵطȻɺڶףеȺĳֹڳĳۼԽԽΧۼȺҲԽࡣ
ˣ
֪˶ãһ·Ⱥڿ˽ףġһոսµӴԶԶȥƻͨ޴Ļͨ쳹أԶԶе
ڻΧɽ˺پۼƵȺȺУ廹˲ٵĺɺսʿдսʿ
½ĻҲǽףģ
һû忪ڣͺķָǰ͵
΢΢ף˳ŰͺķָȥȻӴУһߴʮɸߵģȫǻľ޴
ǾǰͺķеĻˡ
аĿȥǾ޴Ļ£ȻϤӰǸ֥ͷⳣˡ΢΢һЦܿ˹ȥ
ˣˣǿǵ˰
֥ⳣҲ壬ⳣŤͷЦɫֵУȻҲǸϲ
ĻȷʵʮһףҲѼܺһμ䣬Ҳɺˣ
֥Ҳ΢΢ЦĿ⿴ǰȫˡ
̨ףߵ˵˳Ÿ֥ĿȥֻģǾ޴ȼյĻΧһȺԸеɺŮΧŻظ衣ЩŮǹ°㣬һֱϴŽˣϴ鴮ɴŮ
ŮͬŮɢһŨҵźϢϵһҫ۶ĿƤѩ»Ҫ࣬κֻҪһۣ̲סҡΪ֮
ţ
ֻǿһۣʱΪȡâŮȻɺҵĹšȥʱֻŵϴżĽװãװȼһشܵĻ棬תʱֱϣϵЩҲתеİųеһ㡣
ǻҵĴͳÿĻڣɻ֣
һͺķ̨׵Ҳ
Ŷ
Ŀһ£ųһİţ΢΢˵ͷһβμӻڣҲһθֳ赸䡣еһжһĸܣĽȫͬ
䣡
˼ʱͻȻ䣬ΧףȺͻȻһ춯صĻһ̧ͷֻģŲ֪ʲôʱͣһʢװɺͻȻ̨˵ĿУһɫ£Ƕźɫʯߣĵ˹ȥ˰ŵϡ
һ̵ɺţ޲û˿һصϢ
ΧĻ֪ʲôʱͣվһ˫˵ɨȺ·ѰʲôԲ䣬ͻȻֻ΢һ˫˵ȻԼ¶һ˿ϲõɫ
һ̣˵ĿУͻȻˣҾֱķ˹һ´ԤϣȻû巴Ӧվǰ飬ͻȻһֻѩ׵衣
Ժһ֧𣿡
ŵᶯ͸һɶҵȫȥܾ
һסˣû뵽ŻԼ衣ΧͻȻ֮һƬž˶壬ȴĴ𰸡屾ܵҪ̧ܾͷҪʱĿ⣬ԼΧĺɺˣʿڴҲɵԥˡ
ǺǣףǺɺ飬ûʲôþнġ
ʱͺķҲͻȻǰЦ˵ţһѡ
ðɡ
Ŀɨ̨ɺˣʿһڴҲǲپӦ
䣡
᳡͵ıһĻһشص̻ٶȳ𣬸ֺɺٶҵ
ܿ죬ǰȼŻĽװļϣĻǳһΧԡ
ʵҲ衣
³ЩΪѵ
ûϵܼ򵥵ġ
ȻһЦƣһ·룬ȼյĻŵоһţ鱼ţ̺һŮĴ顣
䣡
ڰ˵Ĵ£ȫڣȺ׷˷ܵĻ涼øǡŰŵʼʱЩ׾ϾǶߣģͲ׽еĹɣܹϰŵˡ
ѧĺܿ졣

ˡ
嵭ȻһЦʼհűһľ롣
֪յԽԽǣ䣬һľ죬մﵽ˶塣ɲǼ䣬Ե˷׷볡żĻеĺɺˡսʿ֥ⳣ塢ǧϯԪˣҲ׷׼ⳡʢĽ֮С˻ţתţ¶Ļֺϲá
ˣԺһ֧𣿡
ʱĶͻȻһİŤͷֻһİĺɺվԼǰ룬ԭֻ裬֮ǵڶ׶Σ˶֮У⽻顣
á
΢΢һЦͷӦ
һ뵽߳˶뵽֮Уͣؽ顣忴Χһ׵ȫ뵽˽յ֮С˶ڵⳡգԼʤϲá
忴ЩϲõЦݣģ·ʲôҲ׵طſ񣬳ⳡյϲ֮С


1213 
گ֮ս˹֮սٵɺ֮սʵһֱڽ֮Уһ̣峹׷оһǰδеɡеΡ¡ȫ֮Ժ󣬵һΣ峹׵ʢĽ֮У򵥵Žյϲá
Ŀ֥ⳣ塢ǧ˶ˣʤ֮Ӧõġ
ʱ仺ȥ֪˶ãͻȻһԽĳΧͻȻۣȺȫͣһ
˵ģŴһϮɫĳۣξеһվ֪ʲôʱһļ˾һ֧ɽƳɵĳѽС
֧ĳ߶೤ԿĻƣصȼյĻ棬Ѱֳɫһδɫֻ濴ǳͣ͸һʥζ
ʲô
忴һԱߵĺɺʵ
ҲǼʶ㣬ɫĻҲǵһμеһжһֺĸо
ɺʥ𣬴ǧ꣬ÿλڶʥȼ̳Ϊÿʱ򣬹ѡһΪĿ˺һȼʥҲһߵڣ
Աߵĺɺ˵һ顣
ĽѾܾöûоˣ֪ιѡ˭
仰΢΢һ£ܿ죬ĿΧȺһ˻µɺšһֻ̣һ󻶺˵ĿУŸ߾֧ɫʥһ·ķ˹
ɺĿˣû㣬ɺͲܰѴʳ˵ͳΣһ̣һȼʥ𣡡
һ˫Ŀϣһϵ
£л룬һΣҴӦ룬ȴԸ˵ݣǴơ˴սʤʳɺܹ٣κһ˻һܹ쵽ģǴơɺһŬĽҺ͹ƺͺɺһȼʥɣ
嶢ŰţһϿҵ
ã
ⷬΧ˲ɷ׷׺Ȳʻе䣬ɺˣһϯ˵ļѣɺҲһĿ⡣
˵ĿУɽ˺Ļɺһ֧׵ʥ𣬳ž޴µļ̳ȥһ̣Ŀÿ˵жżڴ

âһ˵ĿУʥȼ̳ɫʥ͸̳ĵײһصͨһ·ӵڲˣһɲǣâһ߸߾ٹͷУ޴ʥ̨Ȼ籡һɫʥ
ɫʥȼ˲仯Ϊһҫ۵Ĺâҫɺ
䣡
ųĹâɺ޸ԶнڣеˣķһɽХĻɺĽҲһ̴ﵽ㡣ʥȼԢɺŷ߻Լ񣬽ıӻɺͬʱҲԢõĺƽͰꡣ
ͷϷȼյɫʥÿһ϶ŻֺЦݣҲ΢΢ۣ¶һ˿΢Ц
һɲǣд˷еĸ˻رΧֵȺԼͷȼյʥ𣬾ǶԼдƽʿõĻر
գ
ףʱһ󼱴ٵҹɫд˼žҴķӽٲѡ
󼱴ٵȺ׷Ťͷ˹ȥ

ԶԶأﻹûп
͢ʹѵ뼸λȥӭӣ
ǵˣ
룬ⳣͻȻЦ
ϲϼϲ³˫һǳ͢ͺүˣôãˡ
һϯ˵Ŀ׷ϡ
壬ϲ
֥عͷһԵ壬һ΢Ц͢ķˣ֥ԵеˡһԣͺķţҲǷ׷׿壬һϲ
ֻһĵȻ˵۷ⲻͣ⡣
ˣϲ
ϲˣ
Χ˷׷׵ءȻھ̫˽⣬ǺʣӦǴƵĻʵҪӷλ˫ȫͳ˧ÿ˶ĵĸеˡ
߰ɣһȥӭӣ

ںɺĳ⣬˼˳͢ʹߡһжʮˣɫ£ƺƵûн븮Уϣվһ
Χĸϡʦаˣ˴峤Ѿĵȴһԡ
߿壡
û˹Ϊ׵һԱϣɫŰ壬ȿڵ
˶΢΢üͷڴеĻ졢ϲķΧȫͬʱڣ˭Ҳûϸ˼
ǣ
巭ȻӦ
ţ
Ϊ׵Աص˵ͷȻ߼ŻĹԱཻһɫƺȷݡһֻۣʮ꣬һĹٵۣھʦôãȴûˣҲûبˡԵļԱ
һɫۣȻ񲿵ĹԱ
⼸񲿵ĹԱ͵ؿһȻҲʱĹٹŰ塢
ˣʥּɣ
ǣĴˣ
һ·Ѽļɤ˶𣬡ĴˡһԵĸ֥ͷⳣһ͢Ļ¹⣬رʥּʱ򣬴ľʥʺͳ͢
ر߹ôãҲǼʶ㣬Ŵûмһ¹ٶĳء
һɲǣ˻࿴һۣ΢΢üͷȻһеλĽ̫࣬һŷһʥּӶ˳
壬ϣˣǰּ
˵ĿУ̫ɫׯأĿѩͻȻڵ
΢ּ
塢ϡǰּ
ҵӰպɽּ
΢ּ
ҵӰպɽͬǰ
ǣ±Ѧǧǰּ
ǡ±Ѧǧǰ
ѶɣԿ֮ǰּ
ѶɡԿ֮ͬǰͷ͸ľη֮ɫʥʼǶЩͷ˵Ҳ¸Ĵڡ
λͳߣͬʱΧ۹һֵǿʢľǿߣû˸һ˿һ֮ģֻзľη
һɲǼ䣬Χ˶׷׹ȥ
ৣ
һ̣˵ĿУеλĽ̫࣬৵һ¶еʥּ˫չ߸߾𣬿ʼ
ˣʵگԻ
˹غͻʣй˹֮սǧԮı˫ȫҴƽʿİ˹ֺʹʳӣɱйʮ򣬻йҹ
ɺ֮սñѩɱʳʮսܼƻɱйڣǰδеĹ͢йͣйطʮ֮¸ս˴Ӱͣ£Ϊ֮ģʹ֪еͷع޴أڼ֮űǰͺ̣ԴԴϣ
ʣʥ⣬̣ؼӷΪʳʯ觡ɺʦһѸ£
䣡
һʯǧˣ͢ķͣɲǼ䣬ΧȺһӷˡ֥ⳣѾ׼ˣⷬҲΪ֮ݡ
ĸϺʹҲ̲ס¶𺳵ɫ


1214 𺳣Ȩ

˭Ҳû뵽ʥʶĶȻ֮񣬲Ƿ⹫ҲǼӾʹͼֱǰδУԽ˵Ԥڡ
Ȼ͢Ȼүˣ
̫ˣԺǴ˾үˣ

ߵĲ·׷̧ͷһĿѩ鼤ѡȹҪߣ֮ǰ붼¡ӴԺҹУƽƽĴڡ
ٶ꣬ûзǰ²ĹѫĹͣڴ¹棬Ϊ˴Ƶһ
һɲǣΧԹ۵İͺķɺԼϵķѶɡԿ֮ͬΧİսʿڣһɫͨ죬˲ѡ
лرɺѣ䣬ܹõƵ۹ӣҲˡ
Ȼʱ˿̣Ψһƽľֻˡ
ĿӹеλĽ̫࣬Ա߱۾ȴĳԼɫŰ塢µһ͢ʹߣüͷ΢ɲһ¡ܵõ͢ķȷʵֵøˣǰļƣЩ˵ɲһƬֵӡ
̫еʥּҲԶûжꡣ
Ȼ̫ɤӶߴ
飬ӷΪƽ²£볯̻ؾһбȨɺһȫƽĳ࣬ƳعӷΪƽĽΪХζ
䣡
˶סˡ֥ⳣ塢ϯԪԼڵϵķѶɡԿ֮һԵİͺķ䣬˶¶𾪵ɫ
ô£ӷƽ²£볯ѵʥҪ𣿡
ƽȨΪʲôҪƽȨ˶ŷģΪڣǲܶԿʳߣ˭Ըʳ
ԣΪʲôֻһƽ²£ǼӷΪʲôôСĹ٣

ΧȺһƬڡ׶˼ҪΪ⡣һԲԶķⳣ壬ıӰĳɲ
ӷԶеĹ֮ϣԹޱȣٸߵûʵȨҲһְƻôҲֻʵȨ͢ȥıȨ󶼻λãȴֻһƽ²£볯Ȩǵ͵
ô׷ʲô
ⳣԲ۾촽һƬҡô£ⳣΪڳ͢ı仯߶ѾǳϤǷⳣҲû뵽ƽ֮оȻ飡
ȵԹͼĵ΢Ȼͬʱͬһϡ
һԵĸ֥ͬ𾪣Ŀ⻺ǰ̫תƵԵ塣Ĵ֮ڴУӷ͵ĳ档
Ǳܵģ֥оϳ⡣
Ǽ˶𣬵ȵպɽѶɡԿ֮˵ķͽ̧ͷǰּ
ּ
ž
ΧһƬţѾȫû˰㻶ֵգЩԴƳһ֪ͨɺսʿо
ˡ֥죬׷ʲôˣʥϼȻѾӷΪξʦΪʲôֻһƽ²£ΪʲôҪ󶼻ƽȨ
ȵʥּ֥ǰʵ֥ߵģΪ۹Ĵ󽫣֥Ҳʸʵġ
԰жΪѡѡߣǳ֥ϣܵ͢ӣϡͿȨ
ߴˣʥϺľ飬ҪҪͣôͣҲǴܹĵ𣿡
ɫ׵Ľ̫࣬䲻ȵƳһ۸֥
һ˲䣬֥üͷΧ˵ɫѿΪ۹سս񣬳˱֮⣬ûһ̫͸֥˵
ߴ˾ͲҪٹˣ֪ģ͢Ȼô֪֪ģǣҲһ֪
һԣʥּʱһֱûôڵĴˣͻȻڵɫŰ壬˵ʱ򣬳촽䶯ȫûһط
Ȼ̬ⷬһԵĸ֥ⳣ塢ϡǧȴ̲סƤ̫Բ죬ֻͿԿմ󳼵ĵλĻҪߡ
ֻһ䡭
ʱһ˵Ķһڳ͢ʹǰһֱûôڵͻȻ˵ˣ
ļλĴˣƴˣˣ
ĻƽƽɲǼ䣬Χ˲䰲еĿ⣬Ϊ׵ĳ죬ȫ䵽ϡ
⼸λǣ
λմŤͷָ󼸵Ӱ˳˵ָȥһۿϢӴӰ⼸սһҵĴ磬ɫ£̺Ȼ̫֮״̬ĳǧﻹҪǿ
ҲǾسԺգ¼˲֪˲
ʵǿݣ֪ܲƫƫ˸ûκӡ
ûпκιǵϡʥּǵֶ֪ݣֱ˼顣
Щ˺ƽðһ
Ȼһ̣岻䣬Ŀӹһ˵Ƥ͵һ£󴦣һīɫӡǣͬʱƺҲܵĿ⣬һ۴们źۼסϵīӡ
ˣּ͢⣬ӵʥּƽȨҼ̶ؾʦǳ͢һĹأҲǱµּ⣬ϣ
ʱΪ׵մͻȻǰǰڵ
Ű壬˵ʱҲ˿ĸ飬ȫһ°µļơ
һ£ǻˣ
˸ողŽӵʥּھʲô˼
ǵʲôˣҿǲʥּģȨģ

ΧеĲȫɺսʿо׷׼岻ƽ
ˣҪ뿪ɺҪ㣡
Χһ죬Ҳżˡ⼸δսȻǺɺˣԼͨЭĽ˶֪֮еʳ˶ԿΪλƵ
Ȼᣬֻʮ꣬ȴ˺ɺĹǡ
һһε˳ᢣκʱ򶨴ݣ׼Ŵңʹÿһ˶ţԵĵǿҲһӮʤûĺɺδԴʳ۹һһ͵Ĺ


1215 ּؾ
λʹܲĴƻʵ۱£΢ıںɺ
ͺķҲǰøոѧļ䣬źɺϵմ
ͺķֳסˣһж̫ͻȻˣĲ͵ðͺķϳҲ˷磬˺ʹ¡
Ϊ׵մ󳼣Ӹ£ͺķĻ΢΢һ˫üͷ
Ȼ֪˵ʲôǳּ͢ⲻܸģϷԣˣ㲻᲻ɣ
ǰһ仰ǶŰͺķ˵ģǺһ仰ѾǶ˵ģɫޱȣȻһжﵽϡ
ˣ
ͻȻڵ
ǳּ͢⣬ʥʵɽɸġ󽫾֪һ⣬Ϸԣƺɺͬһ飬ͱءںɺǰǵ׼Ѿ൱ˣиߴ˺ͷִ֣ûڣҲǹʳٴҲΪǣοܴƵĳڣʳģҲͻƵˡ
ӹƺɺĵһ֥ͷⳣڣ˼ںɺӪվȽŸʹպ󼴱ԼڣҲúɺƽȷչʳ˵УΪƶԿʳ۹̵ǰ߱ݡ
˵ֻⷬعͷֿȺʥָּӹԼȨλҴ󳼶ȥ
λˣɺǴƵͷֻҪúõɺͨЭʳ˱㲻Ϊǣ֮ϣλ˺ӪвнʿĹһ

ˡ
ѦǧıӰ͵زһ¡ʥּڣһֱżȵ侲еľ̸ֹϺأ壬Ѧǧôãע⵽£еƣ΢ɲš
Ѧǧ֪һ̵֮У±κһ˶Ҫ鸴ӡ
ˣЩͲˣзִ磡
ϣӸ£ûκεĲ
쵰
Χ˿һĻȭͷа޲ѡ
ʥ׷󶼻㱻Ҳǳ͢·ĴλеĹ֮ϡ
˰λΪ׵մڣ˵ʱް𾴣߲ѡ
ˣɣ͢Υ˾콻ӡһ·
սգʱ򣬼ͻȻȺӱķ񲿵ĹԱ壬ֱ˸ơ
Ƿ
ΪүǷ𣿾ȻҶԺү
ֻһȣϵİεУҵ˿ż񲿵ĹԱŭĿӡڴƾʦ˭֪񲿶ˡγͣ͢񲿵УԲ⡣
ҵ˰εŴ۵񲿹ԱҲıɫ
үǼҲǷ£ϣүܹǼ˵ѴҪ
û˵ֻƳһۡ岢֪Щ񲿹Ա˵ʲôҲ֪ΪʲôǼԼ뿪Ǻʣ⼸˾ûаʲô˼
߲ߣʲôʱߣš
嶢ż񲿵ĹԱͻȻڵ
ǣү
񲿵ĹԱǿ磺
ǣʥּ˵ھͳ𣿻˵ʥϵͣ
嶢ż˵Ŀޱȡ
仰񲿹Աɫ˲ѿ
ʥּϵȻûй涨ʲôʱʥҲΪС£ʲô͡ٴʥּɲС£˾ĵҲôɡȴûἸˣתѸٳŸ֥Ͱͺķȥ
ߴˣұ뿪ˣɺֻܽˡ
ףİɣһȫάġ
֥ɫȻȻûעʱһϸŵͬʱ
壬һǷʲôǲ֪ıʣˡֻⷽܿԼȥˣ⣬ʲô飬ҪҰ֪ͨҡ
һһ˿ȵɫ漴˵ͷ
лˡ
֥㡢ƽӣ̾ϢѡһССƽ²£ڳϸأӷġǺǸְ治֪͢˶ıʣŻľٶ߽ıȨ
һϣͲסŭʧ̬ˡȴסֹ֮䣬Ȼ򶨣һ˿ġ
岢֪֥ʱ뷨תͷһԵİͺķεĵʵ̫ͻȻֹԼסıҲȫҪʵǰͺķڳ
󽫾ǵ۹ʥʵҲ޷Υţ۹Ȼפһ⣬Ҳֻʱ뿪Զҽе飬Ȼٴλصɺ

˲ؽˡ
ͺķ̾Ϣһ
ȫܹ⣬ҲǴ˿Խֻ˵һ㣬κʱ򣬲κ˶ɺԶѺѡȻ˲ڣֻҪ˵ļߣںɺ֮ԼôɺҲһڴƣΪʵѣ
лл
˵ͷȵҲ仰ѡֻҪ仰ںɺѾҪˡ
ˣ𣿡
սϣΪ׵մ˫һֱ壬͸֥ͺķһһӣֱˣͻȻڡ
Υ뿪һЩϾǳ͢
һĸϴʱҲӺ˹󱳰ο
սѾʤҪġ
ĴҲ˹
ӰϺжοޱȣǽ֮ңԾұΪΣΪӵܣļһ㣬ģʵѾҪˡ
ףף
˵ͷӻȡö󶼻Ȩ˧ӡҸֵ˹ȥ
ССһӡ˵ע⣬ÿ֪ⲻ󶼻ȨͬʱĵλеⷽӡӵϵȨ͵λ
˾ͲعˣԻúþӪģ
Ϊ׵һҸ֣˵ֱ֣ץöӡ
ˣöˣһ·ɣ
һ񲿹ԱҲǰٴοڵ
һ˵ţһ߳ź֣գ̳˵ĿУһжʮŽɫףޱȵĻʹ񲿵ĹԱ롣

ǻʹΪӵĹҲŴӣ񲿹ԱǰɺʱѽҲˣȻȫ׼
ϣ
һΧĲ·׷װγ˵ŭĿӡ


1216 ķ籩
˭ҶԺү֣ȴʬ̤ȥ
ǿɲʲô͢ʹߣǴƵĹ˭ѺͽķʽԸ壬֣˭ǵĵˡһĻеĽҲɫ΢䣬Щʿһ˫ͨ죬Ѫ˿óĸΪƴ
֪ͽ൱췴·һôЩҲǵһ
ʲôѵ
һӣеʿȻĲʣջ˵
ӡѾˣֻҪӡͿԵıϣǺúöԴ߰ɣ
ǣһƥսȥûӡ
ɺǴߵϣ˵ĿУ˺ܿ뿪ˡбȫ˺ɺҵԿ֮պɽ߾ֻѦǧǡԪȸȼˣʮսʿ뿪˺ɺ


뿪ɺͬʱŸӺɺ˷ӷͬʱȴֱȨٻؾʦһССƽ²£Ϣ˳һѸٵĴԼܱй
ʲôô飡
ӵϢңԶıͥ󶼻˼˳Ĵӱվ¶𾪵ɫ
Ȼ֮䷢ͻ嵹ùּɡȫͬôĹͣȴԷϣҲԷھκϡ
ܵģǸٲһ飬һҪȷϢ׼ȷ󣡡
ͬʱ¤أһ㣬šսնɱһٶĴʳǿȵΧֱѹ˴ԶĹδй
ĽȴǱȨñ󽫸溲ܵ˾޴𾪡
ͬʱƵĶϣеľ죬ȫʼδϢסˡƣɽХš
ͬʱϢ𶯵ĻдܱߵйʹƵľͬ屻ٻؾʦͻʡ˹ء߾گʳ۹ڣ巢ͻһ
˾Ȼ񣬲ǳ֣ƾԼڶʱգǶɽ𣬾Կٴιƺɺ
ңԶİ͸У죬ʳʵķֱչЦ
ôõʱ䣬õϢˡõ뿪ɺϢķ̣ټ˹͢ڵʦе󳼣ڵдף
Ȼֻһ壬ɺɸ߸ߵȻɺʮĴʹʳңңţǶķ˵ûǸĺɺȻǿ󣬵Ѿû˺ʹʳ۹ʱ
δҪ˶ãͿԻʦٴδݻǸɺոɺĻԻͣٴδӺɺټңԶǸƵ
˾ȥټҪ£һܹɺ׵ĵƽ
ķЦ
ڻʱ򣡡
һϵͻȻ˾һۣȨȣվķ򵥵һ仰߲ͣһɲǣһƬţ΢ࡣ
Ŀ׷˴˾˭Ҳ״˾ʲô˼
˾СӶѾˣ˼ѵһҪ𣿡
ķ¾ƱӱվĲ⡣
ʱѾʵڲף˾ΪʲôҪȡ
²ضǣһȻҲˣ
˾Եùء
ķüͷ΢壬д󲻽⣬ȻҲʱһ󼱴ҴҵĽŲӵ⴫

ŴӰһʳĻʹַͷٵ˽
£дʹ
ʲô
ⷬķ˶סˡʳʹڽս״̬ʱ˿̣ûбϢˡµȺҲû֪ʱɳʹ߾ʲô˼
ֻվķĴ˾¶һ˿ȻЦݣƺϵһĻ

ʱ仺ȥǵᳵ·񲿹ԱԼʮһžʦķȥ
һʱ䣬ûκһ˵˶Ĭֻյķ񲿵ĹԱʮʶȤĺ˾룬˫֮ʱЩ΢΢Ρ
һ·˹룬Ҷǣ˺ܿ˴Ƶ
֪ʱ䣬ʱ䣬ÿһ˵ޱȵ뿪ɺʼһֱĬû֪ʲôǿӣÿ˶ۡ
үµģ͢ǱһŪˣȵǻؾһв͢ȻὫӡүˡ
һԣѦǧ̲סǰ
ûүûôȵү£һоͻɢˡ
ǵҲ׷ǰ
Ѿü춼û˵ˣ˶ܸܵүһǳܡ
ǺǣΪڲıȨ𣿡
ϣ¶һ˿Цݣҡҡͷ
⡭ѵ𣿡
һ仰ȴû˵ҡͷȨ²ֻѦǧǣ֥ͷⳣ˶İɡû֪ĵĸȷʵ͢ĵļƻͽ࣬ʼδǶ˵㽻˱ȨеһѾ׵
ɺ飬ܵĴƳպɽָӣټǽ߳񣬳ﻹʮפοи֥ͷⳣλ۹˫︨ϲܳʲô顣ҰͺķҲŵֻҪƲı֮ԼЭ飬ôɺеԶǴƼʵѡ
Щڲڣɺ϶һʧܳʲô顣
˼ʥּ飬̫ͬѰˣҪŪױʲô
ǱϢ𣿡
ЩͷԺзӶܿ쿴һԵȸ
ûУǵڶûյǱߵš
ȸɫȻ
ü䶸һ˿ⳡķͣ˵һеǰܹϸĻʾǡ֪ԼھӪɺʱ򣬾ʦе׷ʲô
Ҵبأ
һΣܹʦȥţһһľԼĴب
˵Ҳڵ飬鷢ʱñأԵվҲ֪ʲô
ȸͷ­øˡ򵽾ʦ·;ңԶѵʱܳͬСɣȸѡõĶһִɺ͸Сɹٶȶֻû뵽󣬻ûеõҪϢ
֪ˣ
һΣֻǵ˵ͷû˵ʲô


1217 ޾ĺڰ
ˣǰ͵ˣ
ʱͻȻһϤӶߴǰһսʿͻȻͷеҶ뿪һ·̣ڿҪˡ
һаٸнһս˴վֻص
ҲʱͻȻһӶд˵ķٷɲǼ˶һ͡׷Ťͷֻһֻʳмɶ£ھ滹ɵʱͻȻһۣȵȸļϡ
⡭
ֻֻѦǧǵˣȸһʱסˡеĲ֧ͬǴӾʦķģʱ˼ϢģֻңԶĺɺ
һɲƤ̲ס
ৣ
˵ĿУȸһ˺ŷ⣬ֻǿһۣȸ꣬һҲ˲ɷףѪɫ
󣬴ˣˣɺˣ
ȸ̧ͷһ˫۾ôģлޱȡȸʶôã˻ûм顣
û˵ѸٴȸнӹǷż㡣ֻǿһۣɫʱò԰ޱȡ
ţպɽӺɺģֻᵽ˼顣
뿪ɺ󲻾ãǼҸ֣Ѹٽӹ˺ɺıȨڶ̶ʱڣͬΪ׵մ˼顣
һ£ֱƹ˸֥ⳣ壬ֱӺʹʳ﷢ķЭ飬˫Լƺʹʳս
ڶ£Ƴŵ˻ʳƽʾ⡣ͬʳҲŵңڴʳ۹ΧĿѧãѧ˵κƣΪر
£ƳŵӺɺߴƵгͱϵʳ۹ɺĳͻ֮С
һѾɫڶңɫѱò԰ֽû뵽̶ʱڣȻ˶顣ʳս֮֮Ҫʳƽڳ˵ΣԵľ㡣
һʳͣ˴õĻᡣˣҲа취ֲ
ڶ˻ʳƽȻʧأòӮľ棬˻أٶĽҲվǿԼġպվǿûġΨƴӺɺߴƵгͱϵʳ۹ɺĳͻ֮Сǽսʿò׾Ӫĳɹ𣬳׵Ĵݻ٣
ΪܹںɺȽŸԶѹʳв岻֪˶Ѫһ£Ǹ׳н
֮еŬ壡
ʮǧ·ƺ¡
һɲǣֻûת
棡飬񡮵۹ľ񡯳شʣδʳ֮δᣬ۳5000㣡
ͬʱԺд֮ʯ¡ɲǼꡣ
ۣ
ǰһڣҲ̲ס͵ſһѪ
ˣ
¡һĻѦǧǡԪȸԼе׷״ʧɫһĳ˹ȥʱ䣬˶ˡ
ô
ΪʲôѵһжҪ𣿡
һɲǣ͵شһѪģǰһڣʲôҲ֪ˡ

ڰ޾ĺڰ
оԼޱߵıͺڰ֮ƮƮͷ
ҵĺӡ
忴ޱߵĻ棬֮һ˱Сʬ壬Ŀ޺šܣĽ˵Ѫʬ
ˣˣѾˣҲزȥˡ
ֻһɲǣֿ˰̮ɽĲΧԼΧһһѪϵشǵĶͷܡ䡢ǿ׵ǵ£Ѫѻ۳ɺӡһ˫˫еľдʹޱȡ
飬سɻңһһ޾ĻһѪԺӿʹһ糱ˮꡣ

󣬵ķѣ׷ױʱ̲סһ͵ľѹΧĵģ·ֻһɲǣַ·ͣڣһϸ΢ˮܿ죬͸оͷʪʪģ·һʪëԼöͷȻա
ֱֻ۵Ķǳϸ塢ᡣ
˭
ڤڤУһ֪ΪʲôоֵַֻǳϤĸоͼۣҪֵֻˡһ̣һޱߵʹ糱ˮӿҲ˲ָĸ֪
ˣ
һ΢΢ĲӶߴۣһ˿΢΢Щ۵ӳ΢΢˱ȹâͣһϤӰ
٣
һ΢΢˵ͷ¶һ˿Цݣɫ԰ףۿģ˶˺ܶࡣǰ壬ٵͫһ˿ϧۡ
٣
˫ֳɳƣǳ

ᰴס
ڻǳҪúж

ζ·ʲô˶ʱĬ࣬ã
٣һԶˣ
΢𣬳Ƭ̣˵˳
Ѿˣ
ٵһ䣬ɲǼһƬţһֻһλԵʱ䣬û뵽Ѿʱȥˡ
ΧţٿĬӣۣеϢѾ֪ˣΨ֪渶ٵˣ֪ʱ顣
µĿսһϦ֮仯ΪУеú壬ûбȴʱܵˡ
Ȼʱ˿̣ٲûп˵ʲôڵҪĲ˭İοһ侲˼
·ֻһɲǣֺ͡ŷһ̾Ϣڻع
԰׵գһۣʶ֣ҪһëãȻٵֱۻûջأһĴдֱϴһϸ󱻽ס
٣ˣ
дϤȻȴͻȻһᡣ
û£
һּƽĿǵѣΪĵӦǺɺ£û뵽ʵȴԼůȴǸӵܡ
ֵ֪ԽƽԽ򶨣оԽӵܡ
٣㲻صҵģ
ǰˣһֻƣĸݵաһȥ£ȫںʹʳⳡ֮սֱʱŻȻ֪Լˡ
ⷬȫٵԤϣڣٲ̬Ⱦһ˿κ죬ʶĵͷ
Ǹʲô
ڷ֮һƬʱͻȻһӷ˵ע⡣


1218 溲У
ѾϢҹҲ·ˣ
һŴӷ𣬺ǲƺ봳ڵĵط
Щ쵰үڻ֮У֪һ㣬ǣ˭Ҷүһ£Ҫǵ
⣬Ѹһϵƺǳ±γϵĵ
ǷղǸҶǶ֣
Ÿոշѵ췴𣿡

⣬һȺ˵ŭƺͬγ˵Щ˵񲿵ĹԱ
쵰
һĻǡ±Խŭɶ˫Żŵʱ
ס֣
ͻȻ֮һŭȣޱȣӷڴ
⣬һʢ÷£ŵһͣ׷ͣķ˹ȥ
֨£Ŵ򿪣˵ĿУ԰ɫӷ˳Ϣңޱȣֹ֮͸¶һѰеϺ
ˣ
ү
±ǵ˿ѵһľϲȽĵ˻ͬʱһȺŴ۵񲿹ԱͻҲһ˿ɵɫΪ׵񲿹Ա˸ɫ˷׷ѸٵĽС
˵ӰɱʳսײѴƣĶûĶ֣Ҳ񲿹Ա෬Ƶԭ
µʲôӡ
ͻȻ֮һΪ׵񲿹Աû˵һ񲿵ĹԱƺͲסͻȻ֮˳һָָ壬ָȻû˵꣬飬һɰľ·˰㣬صһͽ񲿵Ļɳȥݺݵڵϵز
ϣ
ɲǼ䣬е񲿻ɫ䣬ǱܵĳϵĵλεĶ׼塣
ס֣
ûȵ˵Ϊ׵񲿹Աһŭȣˣ
Щ쵰ûҵ˭Ҷ֣
Ϊ׵񲿹ԱݺݵصһֵĻ죬а޲ѡ
ʱ˵ĻȫһɶˡǰҪԶ֣ѹһ£˼ҶѾˣô³çⲻ
ү
Ϊ׵񲿹ԱͻȻǰһ˳ƺࣺ
ǹ֣ʵǳ͢һЩĹ٣ҲֻǷ£ϣүܹϣҪЩСΪѡ
Ϊ׵񲿹Ա˫ִ£̬ϹϾɺѾ£˭֪ڵһҩͰû˸ʱȥŭùͷ
û˵ֻǾעΪ׵񲿹Ա˫ޱȣ·𶴴Ϊ׵񲿹ԱеܡһɲΪ׵񲿹Ա亹ɫ԰ࡣ
һָоʼգ嶼еļ
Χĵģţѹֵ˼㣬֪˶ãڣ
֪ˣ
嵭ܿתŷȥ
±׼һ£Ƕǰʦ
ǣ
˷׷׹һȺ񲿹Աһ
ʱ֮ʰϣһصΪ׼Ǵδ٣±ǵˣսĻΧ
٣֪ģڵ״ͬУξʦ֮У²̫ƽ
忴Եٵ
ξʦ֮Уû뵽ٻᶨĸԼߡ
ʱҲˡ
ÿһԵӣͷһ۴ɫӡ˹ս˶ã֣˶ã벽Ҳû뿪Ȼһվнʱ
ңѾǽӹˣҲĴ󶼻ûκε壬Ҳ˸ߵʱˡ
ĬƬ̣ڵ˵ͷ
ȸɣ
žһӵ˦ˤȸǰ涶һꤵһȺ˺ܿŶϷȥ
ϣ
ͬʱһȺе񲿹Աͳ͢ĽҲѸٵĲ׷ȥ

֪ȥ
үǰǸ֮ˣ
ͻȻһУһɲǣͺĳħһӰȫͣҲʶӣ͸ԶֻһΡȻĳǳأɸͣ
ǳ֮УһƬֵӡ
ǳһƬ̲ϽɵģмƻĿʼվֻص
үҪȥһ𣿡
һʿʵ
ˣ
ӣг̾ϢһǰʻȥӸ֮Լ֮˽¤ĵؽ磬¤Լʮ·̣Ǿʦˡ

ڽ¤ؽ󲻾ãͻȻ֮䣬һƥ۳ҶŨ̹
ˣǰһֻסȥ·ƺǳġ
ʲôˣ
һԣ΢΢üͷƺʹʳЭ飬Ӻɺ屻ٻ˾ʦ½֪ٲʲô˻ʱסȥ·
֪Էûдſף޷ʶ
ϵͷ
ϣɻ󲻽⣬Χ±ǵǰҲ¶⡣
٣Ƭ̣
ʱһƽޱȣӶߴһֱĿ壬λվƿţ˳
ûе⣬һλˣ
嵭ƺϵԷʲôˡ
ٵϾĵģֻ͵ķ糾һ΢Ĺâ
˵ĿУĳǰȥĲĴݣ죬ͺǸһ֮Լ
±ǣҪҪǰȥ
ȸŤͷǵЩ
ˣ
ǳĬãڵ
ȸеĵһ㶼٣ʲôʱҶźүҲźүжϺ;ȻүöԷûе⣬Ǿһˡ
ȸڳĬ
ٵϾĵģֻ嵭ĽŲŹٵǰתһսǣڼ˳еġӡԷܼʮңһ£էһǾˣŵǹꪣͦԼ¶սѪʣľɣһ֡
ЩˣȫмһͦŻ۵ˡ
˳ɢ壬ȻԵáԣһСӣϷһֻϸµĳ״ƿƿֻϸСİ״ɾƱϵĳ״ƿԼһϸϸǳá
ľֹšݣ͸һϢĸоͺһʿԼĳһ
ַȣɽֹΪ֮۷ôˣⷽȵҲ޼
ˣ
һºͻȻڹٵĽŲڻعͷһɲ忴ǰĻݣһƳ룬̶˿Сս֮Ƶĸ֥׿Ȼ֮й֮
ҪǣǰĿ߱ǣŨҵĺӡǡҾϵϢɽʹһİϢôض۾
岢ǵԼǰˣ廹ڿ˵ĵһ˳
溲
һͷԺзӶ£¤ؽ磬ӵòȵĿҲֻһ󽫡


1219 Ƶϣ
潫
һ΢΢ӿ˽Ųɫݵ˹ȥ
¤λ۹Ĵ󽫣ˡ
˵󽫵֣ҲԼ͸溲һμΣΨûǰ
ɣѾ㼸ˣ
壬溲¶һ˿ѵЦݣһָ溲ָָԵλãܿ죬һʿһСʣСԱߡ
ĬƬ̣ûԥֱ˹ȥڸ溲Ķ
лˣ
岻ѶȻȻǵһμ棬֮䲢ûһ˻е͸ҡһֹĸо
ˣеһҶѾ֪ˣһеģ
溲ǰ꣬żɽٶһʹƣο仹СϺ֮ܶ࣬ǰйìܺͳͻһθ溲ʵ⣬˵仰
ˡ֤ڸ溲еĵλ
ˣ
ƽ
ٸ˾ƣˣҾ㣡
溲˵ŶϵľƱһ
ĬƬ̣ϵľƱ͸溲һ£һ
ĹĿãһԶĽΣѾ˴Ƶ磬Ҳ˵ϡ˸溲һȴû飬ڶپ㡣
溲ٴθԼƣƱ
ٵϵһĻȥȻ𶯲ѡ
λƵĵ۹󽫣һλǾޣһλǾĽǡǱˣοΪºպԪϣ溲Ȼƣ²͸溲͵ˣΪ֮𶯡
ϣ
ֻ״ɾƱڿһ£͸溲ٴνеľһ
ˣ
ڶƣƱ£ſڵ
ӲΪԼʲôΪˣֻԼ飬Ҳһ˵ĹͣƵĹ͡˵廹Ҫл󽫾ǧǴ󽫾λ˵İҲӮⳡսʤ
ƽͦû˿ľӹ԰ֻ޾Ĵݺƽ
溲۾ˮƽ溲̲ס̾Ϣһ
溲ˣˣ㣬֮ңһԷ
ϵľƱ溲ܿһɫӲѡ
壬溲һʼ̬Ȳġڶʹ¼溲ڽʥʴ壬˽أ溲ҲǶ˵⡣Ǹ溲òϣһԼСˡǰϣȷʵĳԸıƵ¡
Լ̲ӵܡ
ϧˣʮ꣬ǻ֮ǰᡣһֹ˹أıƵ£ǲܡ
溲ипѡ֪ݣһ𡱣ܶʱ򣬱ҪĥܿһƷʡ
ǡˡ
һ䣬ΧʱһƬž
Ȼֻ˵˼򵥵һ仰ֻҪ֪ˣû˲еζһɲǣΧıսʿȻѡĿսһδ֮ļ֣ȴڳɹʱΪСֻҪսϳսʿûвΪġ
溲жȻ˲١
ǷۣйۣһսĽʲô˶׽Ѿˡ
溲һɫ
򵥵һ˵ȴзǷԸ溲ݣҲ˶Ͽɡ
лһ˵ĵʧ޹ؽҪнһϯ˹ЩսսʿͲǰװˣлˣ
зһ̾ϵľƺԼһŸ溲һȻһ
ɺ£ʵѾǽһ˵ˣƺнʿ¡֪ڵĴѾΣķֹǺɺ¤ͥЩطºܿҲҪɺĺˡ
溲̾Ϣ
ˣ
溲Ļ͵һ£̧ͷ棺
󽫾ʲô˼
㻹֪쿪ʼ͢Ѿɳﱱǣµ˳ϵеĽÿײ㶼г͢ļκҷԸģҪļලܴﵽͨʿѾõϢ뽫еľӲóϣҾҲ֮ڣóϵı
溲Ц
ʲô
仰¶𺳵ɫ
ȡʤ󾫶࣬һϣ溲κ˶Ҫ᳹ĳס¤ؽôİգӴ򣬸溲ܹҲټѡԿ˹ص۹ʮڹȥҲֻи溲顣
ͲٲóɣӦĿӴ˹һԾĹ
ֹˣѾӵ֪ͨ͢˹ص۹Ѿһ£˫ǩ˺ƽЭ飬ͬǩ飬Ͻнʿٷ˹صĽ֮ܵģķҲõ͢Լм׿ϣ
溲ŵⷬһذըоɲûԸ溲ݾȻҲⳡޱ֮С
ѾˡֻǸ溲һ˵飬΢ҿ⻹ֻһʼӴԺ󣬴ƾͽ֮ˡ
溲ǰ壬겻ѣ
ںɺͱǵǸͻʡ߾گ³͢ѾǩƵЭ飬Ѿֻңбӳ͢߷еĽʿΣ
ĵĻǴƣӹ񣬻δ˵һߵ۹ûǿܹԷ书
Ÿ溲ͻȻޱȡ̶֪ʱھȻ˶顣
һǰδеķ籩
溲һԣ鶨ԣ
һǸֻ֥Ǿʦˣãڹеķ죬ͬƻԻʷ춼ҪѾ벻֮꣬ܶѾʮ֪ƣеĴ֮Уֻһֵ֮ꡣҲ֪ⳡ籩ãֻӰҲ֪жֻܹ֧ϣΣ۷κε飬㶼һ١ΪƵϣ
һ溲˵֣ޱȣޱȵϣ
۹һ̶ˮѾܶ겨ˡ۹ҪҫҪĻԻͺĻȥﵽߵĻԻͣҪµĻ档Լһͨ۹󽫣ܹӵǿǿԼһķâԸıƣµĻ档
ʱ溲Ϊ֡桱Ϊⲻͨ˿ģһܴﵽ͸֥ȵ۹󽫵ˮ׼Ѿ֮ģҪ볬Խǣ޿ܡ
뷨ܶûжҡֱ壡


1220 䶯ؾ
ƵľɣΪ˧û뿪ӪءԸ溲󽫵ݣһ·һΣðôķգУڹٵӭ壬УҲΪˣ
ϣ溲˴δйϣ
һ͸溲֮Х˵۴졣ΧһƬž˶ĬȻ͸溲˫Ŀԣ˭Ҳû˵û뵽溲ԼȻ˿ء
˫âɲǼ䣬ӹͷãڿڣ
ڲסգٴķѩҲջɢȥ󽫾Ҳ֪﷢ʲôҲ֪Ϊʲô֪۶ķ籩һ죬̫ٴҫ˵ͷ
󽫾ڴ飬ڴ飬ڴ飬һᵽҾ̫ã
һ̵壬һøУòʵĽ¶ԼķâһĹâնΪ֮Ȼʧɫ
ԣ溲ǳҵĹâΪ֮𺳡Χվţֻ縺ű溲εıսʿһ̵¶ľ壬¶𶯵ɫ
ϵ书սԼ˵ı£һ̣¶ִ־ǿԼϨĶ־ЩսҪҫۡ
ã
溲壬ͻȻЦ
ҹȻûп㣬ⷬѾûʲôźˡ㣬֮ңҲ֮ңⷬԶǵãҲϣԶҪǣȥʦʲôĴۣҶϣҪֻҪǵýĻ溲Լеľ죬Զǽĺܣ
ϣ
Уյһľˮ˳
溲ǴЦȥģһƣ溲ܿʮıսʿ뿪ˡʱǳ棬£ȥʱȴޱȣĵá
󽫾أ
Ÿ溲ȥıӰԼ̳þòת
壬ոǡ
ϣٿ壬һĵ
һѣѾ뿪ˡ
˵ⷬ漴۾һ
ݣ
һı˦ʻһȺ˺ܿ뿪ǰʦĵ·
·˿֮·ǰʦһΣûκε谭ʮһ·ɽ룬뿪¤ĵؽ磬ִҫ۵Ĵƾʦ
¡
ִﾩʦ⣬ɽ˺ٰ֪ŷӳӿۼŸ
ˣˣ
쿴
壡壡

ûпһ󻶺ɽХ㣬ԶԶǧİշ·ܵĺ㣬һ鼤˷ޱȣڵķӵ
ˣڻˣҿȥ
磬׷ȿֺ˷ܵıܹҪӽ
ˣˡ
һͻȻ
ȻȴǾĵģûһ˿Ϣ֡γĶԱȡ
˫۽գһ߳ȥֻɽХĻȻҲĦ࣬ɽ˺
ʱȴûκϲã˶ֻ֪ӺɺȻû֪ضءԶ֪ϵ飬Ҳ֪еΣ˻ʱû֪ˡ

г̾һͻȻЩ˸С
磬һ죬ϵĴǻ⣬ųһ죬Щȥġ
ٴһɫȹԣοϵ˸֮ɫУҲЩܡ
˵ͷû˵
ɽ˺˶ڵķӿȻȴ޷һ͢پγɵΧǽ
ÿͳͳÿ
ȫˣ
ȥ˭ΥԽߣǷ˾ˣһץ
Ⱥǰˣһ񲿵ĹԱŻǷ˾Լ¹Աͳǧʿ赲ӿ˳һٴСͨͨУֱждһ㡣
һؾѽӵΣһҪͳеİո뿪ؾӰ콵С¼Լе͵λѾ㹻ԺˣԲһľŹ
ͷۣΥһξ㽫ǵİץ⣬ҲԸ
ϽӽΪ׵񲿹ԱһĹâ
µĹͣǱ컹ߣڳе죬źԣΪǡıʿ˼ȫֻҪά򣬷ֹվۼ̤壬ͿԹĽһˡ˿ۼĽؾӰ콵͡º󻹿ԶƣӴ󣬾ӹ԰ⰲŹپֹտ
ֻҪⷬɢȥͿԴĥ͹࣬Ѱİֻ˭֪
ǼȥסΣԲ
Ϊ׵񲿹ԱָǷ˾ĸֵЩȫڳǷ˾ŵĸ֣һҳϿɿ
ǣ
Ǽ
Ƿ˾ĸ֣оâһ˻ֱۣǰȥ

үǳǷ˾ˣ
ڵʱǵ͸ͻȻ洫˽
үλؾеİնΣӭӵİ̫࣬Ƿ˾̤ϣүܹǣҡ
屳ųڣû˿ı飬ֻ΢΢һһԣȴ˲ü
벻ôļ
̾һھʦãĿȾھʦϵЩթĶǣָơֻǿһǰļƣѾô¡
˸ýڣ
ٺٶŭһ̣Ҳ΢΢͸һŭ⡣صʦϵЩ˾ַʽԸǡ
ȥɣ
һϤӶߴסٵƣ
һ̳ڱβסգһֻ۸ĻǬʷĴ£µĴ£һ˻һС˾ܸıģ˭Ҳʲôɹġ
ܵϴĲͬԼ¶ȣ˫һһ˲еϲɷһ˿ߺ죬һ
ǰԽԽء
һ࣬ŽգȻԼȰ棬ûд߳Ϊ׵񲿹ԱԵ˳һ
ڵҪȡӮĻοĻᣬֻҪھǰǰ¶ȻὫ֮ӵ쾡£ҲµġֻҪ岻뿪Ӱܽ͡
ôǳɹˣǱҲԼ
Ϊ׵񲿹Աа


1221 ĴУ
˳һʱһȺȴԽԽܣҲԽԽܼȺУһ˽ԼС߸߾Լļϣ
ӣǾѧϰİ֮ҲҪΪӢۡ
׿Զ鼤˷ܡ
ҿˣˣ
ڼϵСŸһҲǳļ
۵УһֱɫƽĿ壬ͻȻһ£¶һ˿ɫ
ÿҺˣ
̫һȺ˸ӿ˳ǰȥûע⵽֪̫ǰѹ˾Ĺپ
ɲǼ䣬ǰĹپɷתͷƼΧȺǶԸҲڹپĹ֮С
׵վȣȥеҲһ´Ӽͷϵ䣬ŵ۴
ۿӾҪʯ䣬䣬һɰͻȻ͵ס׹С
ˣ
һĻͻ֪ɾķȺ˲Ϣ䰲ΧڴѹȺĹپҲǻһȻͣ¡
⣡
ͬʱԶһȺ񲿵ĹԱɫ䡣
һͻȻһּ䲻ĸо
죡
Ϊ׵񲿹Ա⣬͵طһҰް˻ԣǷ˾ĸֵõҲĳɧҷĵطȥ
ǵķӦѾܿˣ黹ǳµķչ
飡
˵ĿУصģ򵥵ᣬľͻȻĴ򿪣ڣһӰӳ˳
һɲſѻȸһƬš

⣬ȺУһͻȻشɲǼ䣬ŸеȺһ춯صĻκʱҪھʦЩ˵ǵһμ塣
վſڵǵӰУֱ֮ɽͻҪߴ󣬱֮»Ҫҫۣһ̵УĿĴڡ
ˣ
վſڵ壬Ϊ׵񲿹ԱһƬһҲųˮסû뵽嶼Ҫ˳Ľ뵽ˣȻܴɣǷ˾һЩΪһԸӶƻ
գ⣬ٵϣ̳߳Ƿ˾ĸѸٲ۳ҹȥǰ
ˡ
˸뿪ֹ壬ȻֻǱͷһۣ˶ʱһһȻ˵
Ƿ˾ְάʦȶͰȫھʦ֮̾ӣǲ֪ٴԹ󣬵ûκһ˿ԺʱȡֻǿһۣжʱǻĻʱһֶ˵
˺󣡡
һ˶߲͡ʶľ뷴һ̣ûǿڣǷ˾ĸ־ͺȻ֣Լͺ˿һ˿
ǣˣ
һϤڶóǷ˾ֺȻǣȻԼϹϾֱԼ˾Ҫһʱ䣬еĳǷ˾һƬ
áÿµѹ
Ƿ˾ĸ亹乣Ķʪ͸ˡڳǷ˾йְôãǻûмһˣӵôǿҵϡһɲǣȺ˾ʨӵһûȥ˼ͱܵĲȡ˴ʩԱȫԼ
ȴûᣬһϿ£һһǶԸȥ
ˣâһҪڵϵС廳УԶ״ӵ𣬿һĻû˿ǣľϲ
̫ˣ
û뵽ֻһˤӣȻúӼ۹ΰĴ档
ΧȺһƬڣ쳤ŲӣڴĿŹٵϵеĺӡ
ʱ˿̵ûע⵽ЩĿȫ˻СϡСҲ£ֻ۾壬Ŀⵥ档
㣡
ȡһСذף뺢У
öţʲôʱ򣬶Ҫ룬ϣ
С׵УܿתȥѸٵĽ֮С¡ꤵУѸŸߴĳڶȥΧ飬ɽ˺ȺҲ·γѣŻ




Ⱥ˻ߣ֮κһʱҪʦĹǽɽѰУ΢΢Ĳǰӭľʦһ̣նﵽ˶㡣˵ӡУûбȸոһĻдԵˡ
۹ΰӢۣݻ˰ʳӵĴս񣬺һͨССһĻӡԺºܳʱ䶼
ǰһĻŶĻΧһ񲿹ԱѾɫѿޱȡ

⻶Ⱥǡ±ʹţ뾩ʦСͳɽ˺ĳͬźͰࡣԶԶأ׵ľ룬һͣڵԣǰһӰֶƺȴ˺ܾá
ЩӰÿ˶ӵǿΪһ⣬ȫɢһŨҵȨζһЩ¶Ĺ廹ҪǿӵǿҵϢҲֻдƵ۹еЩˡ
¡һ٣ھЩ󳼻ʮĵطȸʻͣ
үǰ߲ͨˡ
ȸͻȻ⴫΢΢Щ˿ĭȸҲǸһ·սʶ˵ģǼЩӰȸɱɫв͸һ˿š
Ϸ˵Ⱥʱˣ
ͬʱһ϶ʮ㣬ǰ
üͷ΢΢һ£ܿͻָ
٣ȥǣһȻظɡ
ŤͷһԵ٣
š
ǰķ򣬵˵ͷһƽ⡣ؾǣŸǰʿɱôȴһϦ֮仯ΪУҲƱҪһͺʹ𰸡
˳ִﾩʦһһεķ籩ѾϯעҪ۹Լ뿪ȻǲԼ˵ڵҪĵ̫ˣҲϣΪԼģܵۡ
ȥɣҵʱ㡣
֨ѽ
Ŵ򿪣ϸ΢ʱԵøʹ̶߳ᣬһֻ̽ܿ䵽˵ϡһƬžŤͷһ۾ͿǰӰ飬԰ټƵͣӺȫǾʦ֮壬Ժҵı־
ЩǰӰеװ׷е׳еһٷݣеһȻеĿ΢Ц崺磬еЦᡣ
ССһţһ̲֪˶ٴԹ󰵵صʦһ̣˸̥׷׾ۼ
ʯ䣬彫еһ۵ףѸһ˿âȻܿͻָ
СӣϷǵþˣ
˼ʱһЦȺǰһϵӰް߰ߣѸٵķ˹


1222 ٹټе
ڣһȣӹǿɱȲǰǷɣ
߲Ÿոһ˾ͼȺֱֱĳ˹Ҫߣȴһ˦ˡ
ӹǲôҴƵӢۿͷҽվȣҲһҪ
ˬʴЦü붶ЦľͺһСһ
ǵӰһȣԭкصļҲʱڻ˲٣ŲҴӭȥ
ǰⷬɷˣɡ
һѸٲסǰߣ𾴵ģҲֻң˽һ۾ݲðɳӵʷβˡ
֮սʤأΪ岢ǾˣھӵĻУ˾£ڦ壬ʱΪ׵ľǶμҵĶǫʱ˭Ҳû뵽μҵʷβܣȻԳ棬ףǫΪƽ˵·
ǷֱйۣԾǶԣǴԼˣ飬ʷҲ棬Ҳ𾴺;ĵط
λؾҲû뵽ʷβܾȻڳӭӡ
Сӣɾͺ˱ˡͷҲȶͷСҲҡ
ʱһϵŴӺ󷽴ŤͷȥֻһװҲӺ󷽴󲽶
ǰ
Цһǰһʱͬʱס˶βܺʷ˲
˲Ͳڶβ֮£˶֮꣬ͬǰϳһֱڳڼͬмӡ
ˣ嶼ޱȡ
ͷӣͶϴСˣôں⺢ӳ棬ǻô𣿡
ʷǰŪЩȵʱͻȻһӺ󷽴ʷ½ſˣֱԴ
ֻƬ̵ʱƵ۹պյʷһáʷ½ų֣βܺ͵˲ʷЦݣɫ˲١
壬ոЩͷӶģ˹֮սûжҴƵǺô㣬϶βܣסˣҴĺӣЩͷ顣ͷѾ»ҶһԶİĸФܵС֮ΪУĲФһҶβһ
ʷβЦݣһɫⷬȻǵ棬˵ģĿȴǺݺݶһȺˡ

ͬһʱ䣬һԵʷ˲Ҳ˵ͷ
йͣйطΪҺ͵ˣԶǡܱô㣬ҵ˲ͶͷһԶ֧㡣ˣԶҪ٣
ʷ˵ţݺļ
Ҳһݰɣ
һԵʷ½ź룬ͬ΢Цŵ
ǰ뷢԰׵ˣжһɲǣͻȻΪʲôˡ
λǰллˣ
Ե
岢ԼʲôͣԶǵλǰ˵ĻʲôʱҶ٣ϣ
ãⷬ͹ˣҲϼһﶪۣſһѣ
ڶ󳼵棬ʷź룬οѡ
ʥ֮ǰȻʻڵʱʷߵƷʣֱη壡Ǹӿʱ˼ֱͦԼͦ˴Ƶգ˴˵ľ񣬲ֱ컹Ӱһˡ
£˿̵۹⣬˼ûУȥûУûУڡҲֻһ壡
ҲΪˣ˲Խݲκ˶岻
֮꣬ô˵һΪľǱ塣
λʷĻ˵ɫͱѿޱȡ
λʷȻҲôռ㿴棬ѵʦеĴԹ󼸺ӭӣǲеͲȥɡ
ʱһʵӺ󷽴Ѹ˵ע⡣
ѭȥֻһۣʱѧߣһձʣһֽһ߳˵ķһеĺѸдʲô
ߵͿûжβܣ˲½λ˴󣬵Ҳʮĸ䣬岢ΪԼǰǴţʣԼеֽʣ廹Ǻܿһˡ
̫ʷ£
һ壬ʷ׫дҲܳθģϮ棬һٳʲô٣̫ʷλãԼʷ׫дȴбǸʤεġΪʲôÿһѸٵȥѰһ壬Ǹ̫ʷĹ
Сӣҽռôأ
õ̫ʷãʵ飬ûвɵֵģɱ˲ýǵ˶βܣ˲½ҲֻһСӡѣô˵廹ã˵һߡ
˵ѾɣûбҪˡ

ôʱҲӺ˹ǰ壬һâ
ȻϷһ򷴶սһΣȷʵ˺ͣģһὫĹʷᣬ
õĻȺдһľ̫ܵʷ˰ʷ飬ĳ佫һĶƾⷬ԰ˣ֮УеĸͲװˡ
һŪˣ
忴ǰãͻȻ˵һ˶벻Ļ
Զ˹ʹʳսһ·˵ɺвʳĵ۶͸ΪĴʷҲǵ
ˣ
Ļ̫ʷͻȻһ㵣ΧҲǼžԱߵĶβܣ˲½Ŷסˡǰǰĳ佫ҹѻȸһ˵
佫ֲĳеһ֧ʣһ죬佫߽֮˹󣬱ЧңϣľǵʷܵѾκεĹ
̫ʷ֮Եλ⣬ܵĳ佫ľأΪ㡣ǵڶ󳼵棬Ȼ˵һ㶼ںɲһƬ㵡
ˡϷ죬֪ʲô
ͻȻɫжЩ档
߾ȫģ
嵭ֻ˵˰˸֡
̫ʷöʱסˣüͷ΢΢¶΢΢˼ɫ򵥵İ˸֣ʱȫ˼ž˲ƺҲ˼
û˵еıֻԼ֪ʷǸ߹¶ġ֪ٵʲôΣգľǽ߾ȫѡ
گ֮ս˹֮սˡ
岻֪Ľʲôֻ֪㵽һ̣Լκεź


1223 ſڵİ
һ߾ȫģСӣϷǰСˣ
ÿǰˣһâ
˵һ㣬£ڹϷ㣡
ֻǵȻһЦû˵ʲôЩмڽͣҲȥ͡
һʲôѵҴƵһҿɲüλʷ̫ʷרҵó
̫ʷ˵ʱԶ֪˭ɲǼ䣬һȺ׷ӿ
׼һ㶫ɺ֮սүǴ벻ʲôü˴˵زүҪ
һ߳Ƿ̽Ԫá
˹֮սԸòɱԮ飬ִ͢ǳңԪΪһľǼᶨ֧֮һûбȽԪø˵ˡ
±ɲǬڣһ㱡񲻳ɾ⣬ϣү£
һԲǬҲǰϲɫ˴ͷһȺȿֺ󣬷׷ӿŰΧ
¾ΤϣɱһսگΪϴһݣ
żϰͬʱʹһݣףش˿
ܹϴһݣף˸
뽹ϴһݣ
۰ϴһݣ
ϴһݣף
Ʒһݣ
䷿Ϻһݣ
»κ޾Ϻһݣ
̫ղ»άһݣ

ɲǼ䣬ͬʱؾ֪˶ˣʦеͷȫ˹̫ղ¶˹һʱȥޱȡ
̫ٱһݣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ڶеȺУһޱȣ˶ֻһ仰ԭֵȺͻȻž˲١嶼һ£ķ
̫ٱãһԺ֣ս񡱣ʮǰ£ûбָԺյˡ£ûбָܱйˡҲû뵽̫ٱδı棬һԼؾȻ
ȺͻȻž࣬˳ķһۿ˵ˣһɫۣòۣһȺûжע⡣ǱͦԼ¸ηʣ͸¶˵Ũӡǡ
л
ֿȺ˹ȥһ
鷳һرˣˣصŵл
үؿҼҴ˵ˣүû飬ԺүҲǳӴԺ󣬺үҴս񡣴ͬΪ٣һͬΪ͢ЧֻҪܹǿôʢ棬лʲôϵ
˺һ䣬ҲȻ𾴡ȻΪֹûмʮǰλĴڣƾˣ˵ⷬпͿ֪λսǸʲôˡ
¹ϴһݣ
Ҳʱ򣬴һ߿ޱȣƼžһɲǣ˷׷׵ͷǸķ򣬶ԭֵգҲֳֺ󣬶ʱЩ
ĴУ˫֪ڳ϶˶ٸغϣῴ⽣ӰΣ֮ȴԶʤκεĵӺɺ˭Ҳû뵽ȻҲǰ
ʱ˿̣Ψһ򶨣˿ΪҲֻˡ
Դںɺʥּ֪˱ɺľӪһлΪУѾûʲôϢܹˣѾӦһе׼
ɫƽŤͷķ

ȺܼһЩӰƿȺ˳
ϲˣ˴Ĺѫ£˲֪˲־ʱ伸û˲֪ûвӭӵģ緢Ҽǿϲɺذ
ڳ󲿷ֵ˶ûмС٣ҵôϳس棬Сٺӳû˿ü䷴͸һ
Է˵Ļȴסˣ˭Ҳû뵽ξȻôº͡
ʲôһ˵ɣ
һƽ˿Ϊ֮
ٺٺ٣
СٶʱЦӣ
Ȼˣȷʵһ仰СĴ˵ǧպãްպ죬жߡˤþжأ
˵һ䣬Сٻ̧ͷĿ壬¶һ˿ܵЦݡ
󵨣
仰Χ˷׷׻Ȼɫ
սºͣλؾĿƽпˣö֡СپȻȨƣǰٻ
٣
СŶеĺǳ⣬û˿Ц
ؾ棬˵ⷬҪľЧжôԺգһջȥ֮ҺùΧһƬţһԱ϶¶ɫ
һǴƵĻһǴ·رǿǵոձȥȨ½Ǵһǻŭġ˶ģܻܿͲסͻ
Ǿллɣ
սͬɽʱ嵭ĮͻȻ˶߲ͣƽƽû˿ͲƽĻΧȫסˣСٶɫ㵣ƺû뵽Ȼôƽ
Ȼһ̣֪Լˡ
⣬ͬĻҲ˳һ°ɣ
ˣ
ԭС٣ʱȻɫһ׶ʱѿޱȡû뵽Ȼ֮ì֮ܣ˵Ƿԭ·ˣƫƫá
ΪⱾ˵ġ
ߣ
ôһ£Сһٴȥһȥ
ӡɽ̰
Զβܡ˲½ʷһֱϹۣûа𻰣ҲûвֹСʱĴֶΣҲ΢΢˵ͷ
λһεľ޴籩֮Сʦв֪ŷССĳſڣ̾Ҵ壬Ͳ֪˶֡ЩصģҲӭ֮ػģ⵷ҡ
һУֻⳡ籩һǶѡ
岻ܺܺõĽⳡΣ͸޷ӦԽʱ˿̣ЩΣ
һֱԹۣҪȥӦԣçײƾѪ֮£һеȥƴɱӵǻۺԸķʽȥӦԡ˵˺ܾãڣǿŵ
ǻۣ⺢ӱĻҪ̣
ƺò׳ôһŻ֣Σ˾ôٵ
ʱ⺢ֱ֣Ҳǽ߾ȫˣ

ĦȺУλʷıӰοĵ˵ͷһ̣ڷġǰȥֻһС󣬸ӿ˹


1224 ƣ
̫̫ռү
ȥãһͻȻȺ΢΢һȻͣ½Ųķ˹ȥ
ȺֿһӰ½ڶƮƮһֵݵĲӺ
ͬʱһӰͬ
֣񣬰ݼү
ں󷽲֪˶ãֱʱһǰһ󣬴ݲȵǰ˷֣˶һͻ
λˣض񡣡
忴˵
ôһɲǣǰһƬž̫ա֣ʱҲλд󳼡
˹֮ս˹ֺײͳ˧ʮһ·򶫶ؼʱ͸֥Ϊ㣬˹ڳϣ͢ﷴģ̫պ֣λд󳼡
ǽԪáǬڳϾټүүŹ棬ƴٵ¤Ҫʳ˵С
²ս¼ӷĶǰδСүؾϼĴԼʦ֮еҴ壬ͳͳӭӣȴ̲סҪһ䣬˹տսټϺɺսƺķҾޣ˵սʿﵽʮ֮࣬Ϊս;۸Ǵﵽʮ֮࣬ѵͲòһǿݣλãүôİ𣿡
䣡
̫պ֣ĻΧ˷׷ױɫ
ʤأ緢֮ʱأ֪âֻһСٹһ˫أȴû̫ա֣Ȼҵֱָ
һǿݡ仰佫ǰǴɣΪָΪЩ佫
һ˲ý֮֮ǰ˳ʱҪš

ûȵ忪ڣһԵĽԪúͲǬھ̲סŭյ͢˺̫ա֣֮ĳͻҵġ
̫գ֣ʲô˼콫ʿԡѪսﻹ˲ɣѲɷҪ͢˰Ÿ𣡡
˱̫պ֣Ļ̼ŭɶڳִҲͰˣû뵽յ͢Ѿôã˾ȻսӳƵˣô˵ֱ巢ѡ
ߣǷֱԾǶԣǴѵҪʱѲؾһˣڵľͱΪ׵ģֱľͱɷ𣿲ϣֻ̣ǴƵʢǶŬĽ͢᱾ĩ䣬սʲôֵÿɺصģ
̫պ֣ǰһȻ޾
ǳҪĳ֮岢ڳŹԶ֮ϣ˺һܵ粵һò׻ؾڳԹۣ׷Ź
λ˵𣿡
ʱһͻȻӶдֹ׼忪ڵĽԪúͲǬڡ
½ǰڶǰ߶һɲǣĿޱȣһǿƴϱ
ԹԹһ֧ʣддٴĹҲܻΡˣܵ飬Ҳ佫ȥ֮粵ֻһΣ̫պ֣ȴ塣
̫ԸŴ˸߼
棬̫պ֣񲻵û˿ãһǰƽΧɫʱΪ֮һϣ̫պ֣յˡ
ҵĿֻ֣ظ
嶢о仰̫պ֣ⲻǺܶʱǡǡ֡ⲻٵһ۹ˮȵ֮С

֣̫ա֣˫ĿһɣŭڣԪúͲǬڶǷסˡ
ظݳЩ̰塢ؾɵĳǡˡǾ̫ٱĴս񣬿¶ҵ̫ա֣˵
ְλ޹أһֽɣڵĳ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼô˵ˡ
ǲһ˵վǴʤأҲҪҺֲ֣һһ״ѳ㵽ʥǰһ
̫ɫݣ壬Ŀ·޲塣

ΧȺһĻһƬȻһúõĻӭʽ˭Ҳ벻ӣһŪãһ칦Ҫһˡ
ȻλҾ͸ǡд󰮣ССңҲдҡСߣ֡壬ΪТ㩣ΪѰߣҹ£ƼˣԼĸ֡һ㡣
էһڣͰ˶סˣ
СңдҡСߣ˼񣬾Ҿϸ°աߣ£ڣ˼δʮ꣬꣬ǧ꣬ǵĲֻڵ񣬻кǧ
ǰ˵򵥵һֹ̫պ֣񣬾Χ˶סˡ󰮺ССҺʹҡⷬǰδš
˹֮սȷʵﵽʮ֮ڣķѵĽǮõʮƣһսʧܣʲôûС
嶢˵Ŀޱȡ
ʱ˵Ŀ¾Ͳʮ򣬶Ǽʮûôʳ˹˹˳һ·ͦ¤ƾʦΪǸʱʲôĺ
̫պ֣ɫ죬˵ʲôһֶ˵
ĵһѪƯ֣ǧΪһƬѪ¾ͲǼλﵯһƪۣصˡ຦ߣȡҲ;ԶȲѣ˹սʮսʿЩϵϳ֮֮С飬ǳе𣿡
һ仰

Ļ̫պ֣Ŀɿڴһ仰˵
˺̸֮𣬶̸۵ȴһսʧ֮ҪٵĿΣգһ˭ϲ˵ġ
̫պ֣Ҳóϣսǰ˶͹ʳʵ½ֺ붼ġ
̫գ֣ǻ𣿡
ʱ򣬽ԪúͲǬҲ˵ˣ
Ǽ壬ֻ֪սֻ֪ͣ˶ٰգȴûûЩʲôĺ٣зݵİջţ¤԰ƵİյԱȫ
ھѣѾϽʮƽ͢ʲƸѾԶԶսеġ˵ôǿĶ֣Ӵսİպȴ֮١
ӾʦҶǣ֮ңĵ·򲻼еȫеҴָ֧ĵôָľھӦôǹٹӡл¡
ԪúͲǬ̲ס


1225 ŭʷ
ʱ䳯Ϸ̫̫仯еľʿܵ˼ĴѹΪ½ڴ˼ʤ̣ǴѹͷĿꡣѾǳʽ΢ˣΪʥʳ谮ֱӱ˱Ȩ
ҵ˾Ȼʱѩϼ˪ѹоһϵĽ춼޷̵ġ
Ŀ£ô˿ţ̫պ֣ʱҲǵͨ죬˵
ܴˣ֣ˣ;úϢϢɣ
εʱһϵӶߴ̫ʷͻȻ˵ˡ
ϾͬΪ٣ĳ˱岵ƿԣ̲סվ˳һѣһ̨¡
ϷѸߣȲЩˣȻϷȥϢˣ뷨ȷʵ˶ĿһЩϷؽԵŰݷá
մˡ
嵹Ҳ⣬һ
һ̫࣬պ֣ɴ⣬гһӺɺؾʦ֮һƬ䶯̫պ֣Ҫһȥһ壬ͬʱ˳ɱһɱ磬һֻû뵽
̫ʷúܿ뿪ˣ̫պ֣Ҳʧ
ߣΧָֻǿͣʱڳſڵģ󲿷ֶһݺ⣬Ҳܾȸһһ˵֣Աδ
ˣ
ȸ¼ʱһδСͻȻǰһ񣬿ǳò𾴡
λңҲü¼һ¡
ȸһԵȻС٣ȴδţĿֱֱǰ壬ûȸ̧ͷ¶һ˿Цݣ
СУһ仰ˣɱ˹ʲôĸо
䣡
仰ͫһɫһ䣬һ˫͵ǰС١
ͬʱΧԭֵȺҲһƬšУ仰ˣųеĶˣ׷׵һ
ȸ׼СٵǼǣ仰˲Ϣ䲪ȻŭĿޱȡ

ȸŭɶСҲ룬һ͵˹ȥ
ȸԼаԼٵУŴȡһһεĻԻͣȸ˾塣
˭ôƴȸҲǸۡ
žһִ࣬ڳſСٵİ
ʷ
ԼˣСŰ˶סˡ
ĲĲȸǰӭӵʷ˲
ʷʼʱ⣬ǵȵС˵ⷬͻȻ֮䣬һһֺͲٶȣݺݵһơ
˶һ֥С٣ûΪ͢°㹦ͣȻƵ𢹦ֱǿ˭ĵӣϷ͹죡
˲뷢ŭţŭɶ
κ鶼ҪжȣͶβܵںһֱţСٸһǾ͸оЩԡڳ϶꣬һûһ۾ͿԿ
̫ա֣˺ֻǾҲǵΪǽġС˵ǷǴơˡ
һؾֱ̾ĵҲһ˾˽˷ѡ
СһһףܿͻعԭһֱŵģǽأֱһǹʷҲûʲôη塣
ǣλʷ㣬ɱңҲǾ仰ɱ˺ɱ֮үǵʱѾˣ
ˣ
仰ͫһʱñޱȣС٣˵仰תԶȥ
쵰
ȸŭɶȭͷݺݵ𣬾ҪСٳֱ֣۸ովץסˡ
ȥ
СٵıӰ˲Ϣͷһɲǣ˭Ҳ֪뵽ʲô
忴С٣ʿţԼʧȺòתԵλʷ
λǰл
ˣ
˰˰֣΢΢¶һ˿ƣ̬Ƕ֮꣬ôãЩʱЩˡ
ס˵ЩϼһһֱģҪǼϼһʧ
βܡ˲ȼλʷܿ뿪ˣż˵뿪һӰ˹
³ˣ
ӰƤȻһ£ǰĲǱˣǱ³
֪˶ãȺһֱһֱʱߵ˲ˣǰ
ˣϲ
³ǰο
ﷱæܹʱ䲻࣬ʲôʱпգȥȥľ¥Ϊӷϴ
³˿ˡ

˺˼䣬³ܿת뿪ת뿪ͬʱûע⵽϶һֽüͷ΢΢һ£³뿪ķʲôҲû˵Ѹٽֽ뻳С
³뿪֮һһϵعƬ֮һµһϤ٣Զ˳ſڡ
֨£ƿһϵӰɫı
󲮣
ǸϤӰһȣͻȻһЩůŲȸѸӭȥ
ʱ˿̣ΧĴԹҹҲ׷ȥ߳Ӱϵع
ˣ
ˣ
Χ˷׷׹ʺáһʱһʱڵ죬ӰӴޱȡĴبΪҵĴǳ͢һƷĴԱλޱԺա
һ·۳Ͷ٣ˣ߰ɣؼң
بǰͣ಻ڵ࣬ü֮ҲһЩ˪֮ɫ˵ȴԽļ㡣
بһ۵ףаص˵ͷʿյĿ࿴徭սĴ˵Խĳͣ¶һɴ󽫵ķ緶
Һˣ
һʱبοޱȡ
彫ȸ˰ٺ֮󣬾ԹҴעУܿب
һأݣһߺȣֶѸٵĳųǶķȥʧȺУΧȺҲɢȥ
ûȺΧðһƬžһ硣
ʹبڵս΢
һаã
ȴƳŵɫ֣ޱȡ
һжܺãүӻڣЩ˻ûôӸֱӶ֣
ب
ΧûˣҲòֱֶ⡣
һҶ֪⣬ɺ¤ͥݡƾһ㣬еһж͸¶̫Ϣˡ
ӺɺӸóӣб󽫸溲͸¶ЩϢԼеϢеһ̫˲ˡ
λĵģүү󲮡á塭еˣبĻǿʯͷڷһЩ
ﻹûϢ𣿡
忪ڵ


1226 ľʦ
بҡҡͷ
ʱ䣬ܹ棬ÿζû̫ʱ佻̸
بĻʱüͷ
ںɺӵʥּһ˼顣ԼԼɺĳȨôҲͨ
ب³Ⱥ̫ټүүŹڳеľ޴Ӱ죬Լ󳼵İģʥʵĳҡЩһεϣеĶ⣬Ҳܹսԭ
ǣӵּʵϵ£ȻͨһʥּگһٰıȨΪںɺľӪһлΪСôû뵽ģ飬Ī̬ȡ
鷢֮󣬱ΪԼܿͻյţѸٵ֪ǰԼҲ֪ʲô鷢֮󣬴Ӻɺʦµʱ䣬ȴһŶûУʵ̫ˡ
յĳ͢ϵ׷ʲô
Ƭ̣ʳ֪⡣͢òԼҪĴ𰸣ôпܸԼľֻдبˡ
ΪдһƷĴԱ󲮵ĵλȻȲ֮ҲܹӴܶصĳϢ
·ϵʱʵѾʹبǴ˵úޣû͸¶ʲôϢֻ˵һе˵ʱڳ졣

ԤϣĻبüͷͻȻԭ򶨴ݵϣ¶һ˿ǣ
Ҳûа취ش⡣ʱʵǷ̫̫ˡڳжʮأҾٴˣûһαȵεĶкܶûа취˵ףǵʥּҵڶûŪôͨġĳϵ׷ʲôʵҲ֪
بĻΪ⡣
󲮣⵽ô£ô㶼֪
üͷô飬û뵽Դ󲮵ĵλȻҲ᲻֪顣
˵ˡ
بᣬ¶һ˿Ц
һʼͲԾܻ֪Ǽ鷢ʱҸڳϣ飬һֱľ̨߳ҶȫûвУ
ˣ
ب˵Ļ𶯲ѡһɲǣͷԺзӶ
Դ󲮴һƷسĵλҪ뾩ʦѰܹġҴڳϵҪҪԸԼҪ󲮡Ӵ󲮵ĻǼ鷢ʱھУԲһ򵥵ɺϡ
⿴һǰ׼õĹݡ
بȻҲһ㣬ü¶һ˿׾ǣܶȵǸʱܷ֣ȵǸʱһжѾˡ
·֮ǰҽӵϢϵ飬ձݶݻ٣طòˣټԸ͢飬ȻΪʢΪϵжΣգǹϵûС£ҪɳһԱطִ֡ʱһҳȥ
ب΢΢ͷϷ¶ɫ
ȻЩ⣬漰գְ֮ڣȻԴԾͳȥ˽ϵʱҲڳϣһûж룬Ϊ㲻ңҲ϶Ҫȥֻǵҵｭϵʱһк֮ǰڳϵõϢȫͬ
ϵȷʵˮֻ֣ѾƽϢеİնõƵĴã⣬ԶûôҲûзʲô顣׫д۵ǹְûϸ飬־дۣԲų¡ǹѾãҪĵطҲѾְЩǵҵʱ򣬾Ѿ׵ġҲʱҽӵϢͨ͢Ƿگ顣
û˵ɫǰبӶߴ͸֮ǰûеĳأ
ӵõϢǿҾ͸о˲ҹϻؾʦһȥһأ̶ʱڣ͢Ѿ˴ǰϤĹͳͳʧȴǰûмס
ûеǵı𣿳֮طͬСɣûй˵Ĺ߲ŻǺѽ볯õģ
ͻȻڵ
ӵطСôԱܶ˿Ҫľһӵʱڸ˵ʹеĴ۹Ȩ֮أһӶ޷ĵطսôĹͣӵеҲֻǱȨһ漰ϵΣҲֻǷһƽ²¶ѡ
ˣǵĳȻЩͻأȴиɻҪôǵطϵТҪôǵطϵĹǰйĹֻһֱѹû౨ֱżб೯͢
ôܣ
üͷ͵һ£Ƴ͢ת񣬶һ׹ŵĿˡѡϵܴôͣȴۻûϱ˵һԣʵиܷ
ҵҲֻɣʵ֤Ҳ˵ǳ͢Щȴʵʵʵġ
بЦڳ꣬ҪǰŪֶΣɱܡΪبԽ޷˵ʲôĻһƬţãͻȻڳ
󲮾ûвǵľ𣿡
Ȼ
ب̾
ǵȷʵиɻеݡǳҲǵľڣеľֽŶǳո£һľڣʵЧ¼ֽžôո£Щ˴ĻǣµΨһһ㣬κֶζ޷ֲģ
ǧǣһʧҲһʱֶΨһ޷ٵġ
ꤣ˵ʱͻȻ֮䣬𶯣ͬһʱ䣬
үˡ
һɲǼ䣬بعƿţһ˳ȥ⣬һϤĸۡӳǴبĸۡبû۳ϵ飬һɫȻͺѰһ㣬Ÿȥ
ڸУݼ˴ĸϡ룬ڸ̻Ƭ̣ܿ뿪ˣһпޱȡӴ󲮸뿪ûжֱӳĸۡȥ
һ¼̫ɵˣ飬ֻһ˲ܻشеЩʡ
Ǿ
ΪƵĻ׹ݣͬʱΪϵҪף¼ġÿһεĶÿһδη粨Ʋ
վסʲôˣ
µſڣ廹ûпһ󱩺ſڵִ͵ǰֹ塣еĳǹ棬鿴ޱȡ
ۡ룬һ㶼֪𣿸Ͻ뿪
ǰɫһӳҲܶΣûбǰǰδ
壬ݼ£ͨһ
ûжŭһܿƽ
֣΢΢ɫϸ壬ƺȷݡ˻࿴һۣܿ죬һ첽ȥ


1227 Ϲܼң
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һߴ࣬ʮͷ죬̤˳ĽŲأÿһ·ǧ֮ǺɵĴۣܿ쿪ڵ
²ڣذɣ
ͷɴ䣬˵仰һͿ͵ơ
ڣȥ
׷ʵ
Ӳ뾩Ҿʦô󣬾ܵȥ
ҾͲ֪ˣ֮²ڣذɣ
ͷɫĮȻ
ȻˣǾҼϹܼҰɣ

ذɣ
Ϊ׵ͷȴǿӲࡣ
ȴûȥ棬Ųֱ洳ȥ
վס
һĻ˻ȻɫеĳǹһᣬѸٶ׼壬ͷҲɫһסȥ·һ̣еĶ˲ɫ
ƣ
һ̲סɫ
ͻȻӻͳĶǱģȻһö֮սʱơ
˿ɡ
ʱһϵͻȻ˶
ܼҴˡ
һ˲䣬˷׷ȥͬһʱ䣬̧ͷԽؿռ䣬ڶǰһϤӰң̨Ϸ
಻ϹܼӲֻüһЩɣɫϹܼվϷڻڣ
壬ɡ
һû壬Զ֪ſɧҲ׷ȥ崩ۡһ̤ϸ߸ߵ̨ףϹܼǰͣ
Ϲܼңþò
幧һһ統һμϹܼһ
㻹һ㶼ûб䡣
Ϲܼصϣ¶һ˿ЦݡʿյĿ࿴ڵ岻书ʵλѾԶԶȻǫҲϹܼҸеοĵط
˵ؾˣҾϵģɣ
ϹܼƳһ壬ܿתŴȥں󷽽˽ȥ
ﾲĵģһ硣
Ϲܼڵ£һֻµĲԼһƳһۣ豭еĲ軹ȵģðȻԤϡ
ĬƬ̣Ϲܼҵ
壬֪п϶кܶɻ󣬵ſڵĻûƭ㣬ȷʵڡ
ϹܼҽŻϣ˵
仰û֨üͷȴ΢΢һ¡Ϲܼҵ۾Ϲܼɫ糣һ統ʼʱһɲǣ֪ϹܼҲû˵ѡ
ȥ
ֻһɲǣֺͣһڱеͻȻڵ
Ҳûش㣬ȷʵҪ顣
Ϲܼ
Ǽ飬ʵԻҲӲԸľͨǳһսɣһ㲻㣬ǾŹ㸸ף˶һ㡣
ΪʲôҸôţȴʼûһţң׷ʲôҲвѵĿԣôң׼ɵʲô

һΣϹܼû˵ֻϵĲԼһеĲˮײŴɱȻޱȵļžУϹܼٴοˣ
壬ҲеµĿԣֻܸ㣬֮󣬵һ𰸣ڴ֮ǰ»ҪȥŪһ飡ֱʱ򣬡ܻشе⣡
һ䣬Ϲܼҿ壬Ŀޱȡ
Ϲܼң˳õĳĬ
ˣ
еĲ豭£΢վ漴첽ȥ
壬飬㲻𣿡
ֵϹܼҲˡ
ˣ
ڴл죬δ䣬ȴѾ߳˴
⣬գ˴ϣӳճеҡһֱվûܼҲûܵõԼҪĴ𰸡ǣΣϹܼҸԼԼһ𰸣Ҳһ
ꤣ
⣬ӿ˼Ƭ̣ԼҵķȥͻȻһİ
ˣҪ˳𣿡
ˡ
Ҳ룬ǰȥܿоһ仰
Ǵ˲ѾӦҼүۣҪһ𣿡
ˣ
ɫ΢䣬Ťͷһۣ忴ϵ򣬴һñӣɫñѹúܵͣӣǰһصûκεͻ֮;˵һģһĿӹһӡʱüǲ΢΢һ¡
Ǿһ̰ɣ
ܿͻָȥ
ݣ
һԲѸٻӿУ;ʦ֮һһ·ִ߽ػأ˰ʱ󣬲ŵִ˱鸮
һб鸮ѸǰӵѸٽ븮֮ۡСֻͣһ£ٴ·ʦڶתת
¡
֮¡һŽգͬһʱ䣬ڵǽϣ鸮ٴСĬĬһУû˿ı仯ȴ΢΢һ£Ǻܿͻָ
³ˣ
һ̧ܿͷǰǵϤģɽһӰȥ
Ķ棬һӰű˫ƺѾá
壬ˡ
壬³һ˿ࡣ
³ˣеѾϾֵزԴ˱ĵλҲҪء
һ߿ڵһ˹ȥ
֪˭ŴƵı飬±Ȩ֮һ³ڳſҪԼＸϢȻҪʹֽصķʽֹˣʱҲ³׼õġ鸮Ľ䱸̶ȣǳ͢ԱĸۡǱսһ
壬ҲһĿ˾ʦڵı仯Ͳô˵ˡǶ֮͢Ѿǰ֪ĽȻͬˡ
³̾һһָһź̴ľ¡
һ˶ûУ̵ѾߺūͶûУ³ϵĲԼһȻ豭һڣһɫ
尲£һ³Ĳ
಻³˿Բ࣬۽ǺӶƣء³ǶߣѾﵽʥ侳۷壬۹󽫵ļּţǷʲô飬Ȼ̶ʱ˲ϡ
³ˣһ쵽׷ʲôΪʲô±ĺģκκͱصĵƲǲƹֱǵԴˣֻˣ
Ļһ̾Ϣ
بӦѾһЩˡ
³ɫӲѣ
˵ĲκεıȷʵƹҡճϷȷʵ֪ߣһˣֻ֪͢ϵĲ


1228 ټ³
ʲô
仰΢𣬴Ϊ⡣
ڻ룬ʵ糯ʱͿʼкܶ಻ԾˡƽϲϳҺͻյϢ죬ȴٳûյϢһֱʱ򣬲ʱ֪ͨ׼糯ҲƽǸеĻšҵִʱ򣬳һƬ֣ѾаˡʱҲŵ֪֮⣬ٹһ糣
³΢΢ͷ΢΢ң͸һ˿ӵɫ
Щ鼴˰£ڻȻǳ졣ڤڤУͺһֻεĴһеһУ˼Ҫ
Ȩģλڱĵ۹֮ϣȫеıĵ۹ͷٹټҪɵ֡³δκ˻˵κȻôӣ涯ֽţ
ĳᣬԾǵʱڳУǸоġ
³¶ɫ渵ЩһֱУ˭Ҳû˵Ķ壬Ǿһֶģ
ҵִﳯãѾʼˣһƬڡʼʱҲһǳͨķչȫͬ
飬һһ¡飬Һ󲮸Ҫ̸ʱһ׶Է˼Ǻܿ죬ҷ󲮲ڡҳķʼȫԣڤڤкһֲֻٿһԭ̫ͨ飬ͨļʾȻӡҺʱ͸оԾˣϾҲһˡȻ飬ҲǺܻšΪͨĿԻǺܵ͡ǵʱҺʼϲ鷢ˡ
³˵ţ̲ס̾һ
ʱЩòϸ˵ֻһ̾ѾԱ¶̫ˡȻûвμӵյĳᣬǴ³УѾо˵յľĶǡ
׷ʲô
̲ס
ҺϵһУΨûϵգԭһ򽻺õĳԼˣؼʱ򣬾Ȼȫˮ
³˵
¡
һʯǧˣ仰͵һ¶˼𺳵ɫ
³û˵Ҳͬûпڡ֮Уʱ˼ȵţ³Ļʷδĳˮһһҡ³õĳˮѾᵽ³ĸˣҲΪʲôе˲ܣ³ΪʲôһҪַʽԼˡ
˶˳˼
ʵ˽ҲͰˡڵĵĻ
ã³ٴ𣬴˼ž
յȻֹŹ֣ЩԭǵĳͳͳˮҲȻͨһ顣ҵĵģʥʣ
ʲô
仰ɫ΢䣬͵̧ͷ
³ˣʲô˼
壬㲻סκεĳ飬˭ں涯ֽţҪʲôǷеĳˮҲ޹ؽҪΪҪģԶǱһˣûбµ׿ϣκξ鶼ͨ
³̾һŵ
ϵ鱾Ǹַ꣬εȻǱҲҲֻһʱĴ۶ѡʵϣʮҲ̫ңʥʡҲġ
ޣ֪ģģʷΰľ׳־ͼ־Ű˵۵һ飬ƽ˻ģɨƽϣ赽ԸӵǿʢزЩ۹󽫣ſڱȫսԱ
ǱҲ֪׷ʲôҿ϶һ⣬ʥʲԾʵ̫Ծˣĵģ
˵³üͷ硣ʥʱ¹ϵĵһˣλ书ˣ³ڶףʥϵ׷ʲô
ˣ
һʯǧˣ³ŵʱȴȻ֮Ͷ־ʯ˲ɲ³ʥϷʲôȴˣһ侳ĳʧܣʥʡƵӰжô
ѵǼ顭ѵôͿʼ𣿡
гġ
ϸ룬ʵһʥʵʱѾоһЩˡѵ˵Լʱ䣬ʥϵֽһĶ񻯣Ѿﵽֵز
һ˲䣬гȥӵĲܷοʥʡԿ϶³һǸܵʲô
壬Զô򵥡ʦƽ˽ȴѰӿδӺɺأֻЩеıɽһǶѡâ̫ʢʹʳ֮ļսֱǰδУڶͻʺ߾۹گ˹أȫܵ˾޴𺳣Դ˾η֮ġȻҲΪˣľ֣ش֮ҫ۵ĴڣҪɱӺԸңض㿪ҵĺɺ黹ֻһʼһҪֵСġ
˵³ɫޱȡ
۴ƣ˵³͵һˡ¶ЩƷʡţ׿Խıԣ³УͻҲġҲΪˣ³Խ£Ҳڳſڵԭ
ˣ
³Ļͫһ˲ɫû뵽³һֽԼȻΪ˾Լʵں³ݣ׻ʲôʹҪС
³ˣѵѾΣֵز

³ųƵ۹ֻ֮һͿԿԸλ屾Ϊٻ³ִ֣û뵽еĻҪصöࡣ
顭±˵ĻҪصö࣡
³壬ɫޱȡ
ˣ
׼׷ʵʱͻȻ֮䣬һص³ıɫҲͬŤͷ˹ȥ
ʲôˣ
³ͻȻǳڵһޱȡ
ˣбˣ˵мҪҹ
⴫һ϶һԣһɲǿ³ɫ˲Ϣ֮任зŭмɵвʣ¶һΣƽһɲǣ·ʲôȴʲôû˵
壬˵£ûа취ˡ
³վһ壬ֹ
ֻ´ˡ
ˣȥɡ
ҲվЩعȥ˵ֻһ񣬾Ѿ͸¶̫Ϣˡ
³򿪴ţܿˡۿһɫûмıԱ³ߺҲѸٵص³һ뿪
һֱ³ʧԶŴӱ鸮˳̧ͷֻǿһգʱѾҹĻʹƳˡ
Ѿæֵز𣿡
һɲǣ·ʶʲôȻޱȡ


1229 빬ʥ
ӱ鸮ûֱͣص˸С
ڻˣ
ҵĸۡſڣƻͨĸϴżѾһֱſڣݵģһѽӵ뻳УϲûвԼӵĸףжô磬Ƿǰݺĸ׵УԶǸеԵƤҪԼչ˵ĺӡ
һžۣʲôûʣֻһʢͣһֱꡣ
һҹ£֮ͻصԼķ䡣ҵĸۡͺһεϣеķִ꣬͢ȫ赲Ժǽ֮⡣Ҳ뽫еС
ô£
ȵҹ˾һڴϣ΢΢۾д˷еһУӺɺʼյϢ͸溲ļ棬ʦſЩˣЩ£ʹ󲮡ϹܼԼ³ĶԻеϢϸţȫԺйһ飬ÿϸڶԺзŴĹĦ
ڤڤУ˺ɺԼȨҸ֣Լϵӡǡ
ɲǼ䣬Ժз·뵽ʲô
ѵǣ
ʲôֻǣԺл̫ɵ㡣

ڳ˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬ҹдһèͷӥĽ˲ع
ɣ
Ŀգһ£ڴϣɫ
⾲ĵģҹ紵ûκεǺܿ죬Ϊһ˵ʱķͻȻ򿪣һӰŷ֮ͻȻ˽
ү
ھ⣬ǵӰͣӰߴ࣬ͣһֻ˶ӥţϹϾ
ӥ鵽ʲô𣿡
ͻȻڵһڽ˶Էݡ
ҹʱ֣ͻȻҸۡģȻ֮ս󣬱ھʦ֮Ӧӥ
山֮󣬾ͺٶõӥⲢ˵ӥͲҪǡǡ෴ӥһֱڰķԸһλؾܣΣأһ뵽ľٻӥԼѵ֧鱨С飡
үķԸִﾩʦڳſڵһǾѾ˴ߣеһжڼ֮УǼİĹү뿪֮Ǿ˸ǼԲѷǳİصĵС
ӥӳ
鵽ǵŵ𣿻
ʵ
ӥԥһ£ҡҡͷ
ûУǵһ·׷ٹȥûþʧȥϵͺƾһЩ˶ѵĶ֣ǳḻүڵʱȥͥѵɹֻǼСѣʧ֣ԵõϢ֮Ҳһֱ׷飬ֱڣһֱʱҲڳĻǺҵǵʬ壡
ˣ
ӥĻƤһüͷ
Сرǳˣʵ̫ˣӥ˸٣Ҳֻ̽һ£û뵽ȻֽԷû⣬ǳеĹȻᷢ
Ѳ׷ٵ
ĬƬ̣ͻȻڵ
Ƕ
ӥ
֪ˣȥɡ
˵ͷ
үģΣҶ뵽취ҵС
ӥɫ۵ףһ֣ص
ڳﰵӿһӴƺڿԺүѾŵ˿ʼɳ֣ðڳſƣ塣ھĲ¼䣬ѾˣҲӥ˾Բ̵ģ˭ҶԸ壬ǺΪС
֪ˡ
˰֣
̽ӣȥļˣһʸʲôѣǽģʱҪݾߣһš

ǣ
ӥܿӷ뿪ˣʱһ㣬ĵģûоκˡ
ڳ˼Уһҹܿȥʱ֣죬廹ڷڤ룬һĸߵѾߣ˵ģһ·ķ
ү͢ˣϷ˵ȥǣ
ҸۡĴſڣ˳͢ʹߡ
үɣϲӣԡ£ͺһȥʥɣ񲿵Ѿ׼ˣʥ֮󣬾Ϳʼ£ʽΪ
ſڣһѾ͵Ľ̫ϲɫϲԽ󣬽־Ƿ˾񲿵ĹԱԼµĹȫվȫӭġ
νݺһ漰еĲʽҪͨ£ֻʥ֮󣬵õʥ׿ϣټѸ棬ǴĻǡ
ͼλˣ
ԡ£һʱĴܿϹΣŻʹȥ
ʱ仹磬΢΢¶һâֵɽ˺еõϢڽֵԣеӭھʦдʱ乻ãĲʦеָơ
쿴Ҫȥʥˣ
˵ѾˣƲĵһ
ҲֻӢĳƺţӢۣĴӢۣҿ쿴

ȺΧڽֵ࣬һ磬ϲձȹڻҪ֡ڳſڷ飬Ѿһʦڵھʦмֱ졣
ˣ
Źһ·ǰʱǰȺͻȻ˷ܴ󺰡
ڹڣûӦоһľ졣䣬ĻУһ貵̻͵س̻ڳ֮Уʮ׵գұըΪ貵̻𡣺䣬ǵڶֻ̻˲Ϣ䣬ʦϿһƬѤõ̻˲֪˵Ŀ⡣
̻ըУܿ촫ܼžıһʦ˷ˡ


춯أڹУĻ
ܵ˵İҴƿҲֻһˣ
ֵԵİеӭΪ׵Ľ̫תͷеĹΣ۲ѡ
Ի͵ĽҲĹɷ򽨹ҵ־ķĹҵǡǡˣнʿһģһɲǼ䣬˵˸ͦˡ
ڹڶһоϸţĸ֪УǳˮĻзһ̾Ϣ
еЩջʲô֪ڼΣǺҲǡǡǵĿɰ֮
֮ƴȫսһ佫ǰͺ̣ͷ­ѪҲǡǡΪ
һ·ǰУڰĻУĹδڽ뵽˻ʹ֮С¡Ⱦ޴Ľɫعرգеȫ⣬ͺһ뵽һһ
Χĵģڹڣд˷˲Ϣͷ飬֪˶ãͻȻ֮䣬΢΢һ𣬶Ȼͣ


1230 ӣ
ô£
üͷһ壬Ļعǰ
үǰסȥ·
ǰ·Ľ̫ɪɪ
ˣ
ɫ΢䣬̧ͷ˲Ϣ䣬оǰʮ⣬һǿϢبǰԼȥ·
ԭΪǹѲߵ־ͳ죬ڿȫˡ
ĻԶʹʥأ֮ͬԷֵطһʥʱ򣬼ֱ죬ͨ˸ġ
һ𣿡
һϵͻȻ洫͸һλߵζһɲǣԸоΧĽΪ׵Ľ̫һϣèһ㣬͸һη塣

û˿ԥһãƿȻӹ˳ȥ̧ͷֻԶһӰŽɫצۣ͸һ޾ϡ岢ûмˣǴʥżƵϣ廹Ѹٱ˶Էݡ
ӣ
ǵӰ̲סƤջؾʦһʱ䣬ȻַʽӣӺϾӣȻϵҪﾭĵ
Ҫ治װ
Ŀ磬лɲǣ󲽳ǰȥҲʱĿѸһƳͻȻַԲٲڣеĻʹ֡ȫһɲʧĸɸɾ
һǣΧһƬš
ͻȻýޱȣΧΪ׵Ľ̫ԼеĽȫɫ԰ףͷ­ʹսսһ
֮УдǴɣο廹ͨĴ󳼣һĻȥ϶кܴӰ죬˱ڶпܡ
ҪǣǵճӣδĴƻʵ˳ļ̳ߣû⣬δĴƻʵ۾ˡ֮еӣ֪
İɣԴӵŲΪǵģ
йâһһ˵һǰȥǸǻǻ㲻һֱıܿӣ󲮸ܵӰ죬ʹ֮Զ˾룬ǱôãվǱܲˡ
ƹӣȴûа취ֹԼ
Ҳһ˿棬Ҫ֪ӵʲô
μ£
߹ȥھĲͣ½Ųһ
ǺǣȻլʺֻҪǲ˵ôΪЩūͣ
ӿ壬
Ǵӵһδ壬Ȼ֮ǰѾ˵ܶĴ˵ҲĻŽĻӰͼøǿˣҲסһ̾
֮սһǧҴĸ־͸ǰϣնɱʮսδģսİֻ֣ÿݡ
νսҲˡ˭ĵһ׳ٵģֻһʮ߰ꡣ
ϧˣ֪˲ܣһʼӦͨبȥˣ
жѡĸЩܹͨͨ鵽Լϣôڿû˿Ժˡ
ڹ۲壬ȴֺγӴӡϾʥʵѪӺʥüĿ֮ķ񣬶Ϊ곤ĻӣͿʼϼʢһһ͸¶һޱߵȨ
ӾֹȣһһУѾԿʥʵȣֻϧ
忴ǰĴӣа̾Ϣ˻֪ȴޱȣӾʥʵıΪԭ򣬶ԸͲʡ
壬Ǹ˲ţǰûԳ潫£ǱĴı츳Ҽģµһö޷ȣĸ˵ѵϾ屦ԱιҪֲ󣬸һᣬҲԼһᡣ壬Σ
ӵл죬Ľ̫ľսرǡ塱֣ʱ˵ɫ԰ޱȣ˭Ҳ˵ʲôֻǽͷ­Խˡ
֮һǴڻʹ£ֽɵ飬һŪãڳ˶ҪڡǰֻҪһй¶ȥ»Ȼ󲨡
սսһ仰˵ΧţһƬš
·ֻһɲǣֺ֮ͣ
벻̧ҪõʧˡֻǸͨ佫ѣֻսɾͣڵ˵飬ֻʥʲܾ£һ佫ܹҵġ
˵ţĻһ
󵨣壬Ҫܾ𣿡
ͻȻһȴӻûпڣһߵ̲סһǳ⡣
У㻹£ʲôݣҲ𣿡
ӻ֣Ǵӵıȴûκֵ˼
忴һĻɫ޶ԡЩĵֶΣȻӴĲ࣬ȴȫȻء
壬ĲҪٿǿ𣿱㣬ҲΪ˱ҵĳ⡣Źڻ֮ƽң´֮ңĽѡ壬֣ܺһ𿪴ʢһ𿪽Ѵ͵ǰδеĵزŹʥʵľ£ҲΪһ̸
ӿڵɫ
ӿ嶼΢΢춯һ£Ǻܿ죬ͻָƽ
£ᣬԷΪְǴƵľˣʥʵıԵӵµּ⣬һԴƵΪأ
ɫƽû˿仯
ΧͻȻһƬţӶ壬üͷ΢ɲĻشƽȣɲҪĴ𰸡
壬̫ϲ˾ܾڿλᣬҪܾˡ
Ƥ΢Ǻܿ죬ͻָ
¡

Ȼһû˵꣬һĻ
壬ⱾѾˣֻϣ㲻Ҫڣ
һۣתߣһۣ⡣
壬֪ڴ⣬Բȱοˣ治ȥ壡
֮⣬ͻȻͣ½Ų˵仰һѸʧԶ
ˣ
һʯǧˣԭһƽһ仰˲ɫ
壡
ʹ֮УܱӳΪģҲֻˡԭΪԼа£ûм֪ڿ¾ˡ
벻еһУָƣ
ɲǼ䣬üӹһ˿Ǻܿ죬ͻָ


1231 ʥʣһ
ʹ֮вܣûв͸ǽҲûԶܣҲǻ֮գ˼ɵԭԼĹϵһᱻ˱¶ֻڱԤϵĿ˺ܶѡ
Ѿܶˣ
̧ͷжӹһ˿â
з磬ѽȣҲĻţе˶ˣ廨ŵ˻ӽҲ޷ġЩͷԺзӶܿ죬ͻָ
߰ɣ
һܿص˹֮У¡
Σ
̫ΧĽһʹ̸ˣ˵Ǽ£Ͼʲô¶ûзĻһλƵĵջӣһλʥʳŵ⹴ᣬǾҪͷˡ
κܿǰȥΧԭʧ֡ҲͻȻ֣һлָͺʲôûз
Ȼ֮Уȴǳģ
еѾص̶ֳ𣡡
ӵĳֶ˵ֻһССĲѣǵģ鱳ֳϢ
˽ԻسǸɣǹеҵһ̶ȣǾԲɵġ
һоͿʥˣ
һܿ侲
۹ķ籩ģҪԶʥʵ̬ȣôʱˣ֪ģʥʵ׵ֵز
ѸǰУعǽϽӽƵ۹ĵȨġ
Ƭ֮󣬾һǧƵİܯǰͣƿεӣ˳ǰɭϣĽսףӰܯĵײ飬һ·쵽˰ܯˡ
̻ԻͣܶĽǰĸִһɹɵľη
ž
ʱ򣬾һ죬Ӹ߸ߵĴǰԶԶ

ǼᶨɤƲϷ졣
ѣ̤һĮ̇ףܿǰȥⲻһ̨̤ˣεĸоȴΪͬûڶĴ󳼣Ҳụ̂һжʾȻͬ
̨ףܿǰ
ȥɣڵϵš
ֳ־޵̫ɫΪһս˲֪˲Щ֮е̫඼׹
л
幪һ񣬺̫ܿ쳯ǰĹȥ
ˣںڶĹǰͣ˽Ųǰ̻Ի͵Ĵд˷ʱʣߣվӴĹǰһ˲䣬е׷ȥͻȻޱȵƽ
壬ɣ
ʱһºͣԲͻȻӴڴһ˲˳Ǹʿ߹
ܿż̤˴䣬Ųɲǣͺһ뵽һ磬еϢȫʧͬһʱ䣬ǹϤϢ̺ٴϯ
ⲻһνʥʣһվʥǰоԼʵһС
Ȼʱ꣬оԼȣѾǽӽ΢ļ𣬿Կ̽Ǹɲľ磬ײУͨи߸ϵĵ۹󽫣Ѿû˰
һ̣ɲǣû뵽ȻǴоһηָоͺСվھǰһ΢С
˵ڵվɽϵľˣôǵޱȵӰǸ߾ƶˣ˼
ΪԽߣԽĸоʥʵʵжôĿֲǿ
侳
ڤڤУԺӹһͷ΢ѾɲĴˣо֪жôӴ󣬶侳΢֮ϡʥѾ޽ӽ侳ĴڣҲһ̵ʥѾǿ˶ôֲĵز
΢ߵʥʣʥ꣬꣬꣡
һãܿͷһ
ţֻϺƵϢ糱ˮڴӿãһޱȣͬһ
ɣ
һɲǣ΢΢
л£
һվ
֮УʮԶʹ֮йɭϣûϽǰվ΢΢Ϸһۡյģ͵䱸ɭϵӽȻ෴˴ϷǵȫޱȵӰԼԱһµĸʿ߹ˣһվں󷽸߾ȵĹŮֳ־޸ޱȵûС
вһ΢΢ĸоǺܿ죬Ŀͼе˴Ϸǵȫǧһϡ
ǹȥڣϵǵӰԶ𾴺ĴڡΪϵĵλȨΪ۹ҼΣﵽһǰδеǿʢز
ʥʣ
ˣ
д˷ʱ򣬴Ϸʥһۣž޴ϣְڵϣʳָĶһ¡һ̣Աߵĸʿ⣬һһʥּǰ
ּ
ּ
ܿͷһ
ˣʵگԻ
廤йΪ˹֮սͺɺսսºͣҴƹʣʥ׿ϣ̣ӷΪʳλ׹ͬ񲿡ⶨģѸ£֮մˣ
ʿʥּŵµ壬һο꼸һֿųɳģĽڶʹ¼屻֮УʿԴǰȥ̽ϵҩǸʱ𣬸ʿ֪ʥʶǰ߿һۣ谮мӡ
ʵϣҲʥʺ񰮣ʱ䣬һϵĿ࣬̾Ϊֹս֤ʥʲûпˡ
壬ּɣ
ϾĵģԤϣվﾹȻһǱʩչ˶һֻƬ̣ʿΪûվȻȫû˼

ʿɫ΢䣬Ȼθһ
£࣡
ʱŴϹһķص
壬ң
ʿһĻ˻Ȼɫ֮УʥѾķͣȻҲǰּһ࣬нᣬҪЮʥʵɣǴ
£
Ԥϣͺûһٴοڵ֮ǰӵĺ
һ£ʿױɫԣǳ˳ģͲܲˡ
˵ɣ
һϵӴϴʥʵĮԶû˿ƺϵдһʡ
ʳǻ֮ǴõĻв֮󣬻ڴܱĵ֮ϡɺڵֿʳҪջس
˵ţٴιڴһ
һ˳ᢣĿľӪͶӴĲǧǰͺ̣ôĴۣ˺ɺһսʤΣ嶼Щװôʳ˶ɽ𣬻ԭ
Ƴɺ߽⣬ȫҪıһУ£Ҳֻʥˡ
ֻҪʥһ仰һб㻹лͷأ


1232 ʥʣ
ˣ
廰һ䣬ʱһʯУɲϣʿɫѾѿޱȣƣĪڱ֮ˡڳѾռȫϷ硣ʿĵľ£һлǷˡ
֪ˣ
ϣʥʵٴδû˿Ĳ
£ߣ֮£֮֮ɲ죡ǴƷܱĵҵҪϣһóض𼫴ңϣ죡
ٴε
ϾĵģһԵĸʿҲ̲סˣ
壡㵽ڸʲôɽϷԣ¼ȻѾˣ;ܸģҪ·ϣҪЮʥ𣡡
ʿɫ࣬ŭޱȡ
ƣϵ£ʮʱ䣬ûһ˸ַʽʥ˵û˸һҪЮʥʣֱǴ治ƾһﵱ
ֱǴ󲻾֮
£΢ң
ȴû˿֮⡣ǰλǷ׵ľĿ˾ͼ۷书ޣҪǣһִڷǿʢĴƵ۹
ʥʣԼүүľϤĸţڵʥǸĻ£Ӣ䣬ֵͬԼ׷ľ
壬㻹
ʿѾĻոջ߿һۣԼвŻˣʥʶһ񰮣û뵽̶̵ʱ䣬˵ĺͿⲻǺԼ;ǰ̹ȥ
ˣ
ʱһԱߴʥ΢΢˰ֹ֣˸ʿ
¡
ʿæͷ
壬£š
ʥʾӸ£ŵµ壬ȻȻ¶һɲɵζ
Ǳ¡
ͷ磬һԵĸʿҲȥˡ
壡
һֱкøУǲжɣҲж츳Ϊ۹ĹףʥѾȷԼ˼ȻҶײֱǵ죬ﵱ
ּɣ
ʱʥʵӶߴϺƴնɡһ仰ֱӽһε̸Ҳе롣
һɲվɫ԰ֽ
ʱβʹκΰ취Ҫ취ʹʥʸı⣬ת⡣Ȼ벻ʥʵ̬ȱĻҪᶨöֻ࣬仰ͳ׵Ļϣ
һһףþ˵ͻȻʱһС
δּϸ˵ĸоһ˿һȻ࣬ȫˡ
Ҫǣʹʥأʥڣ벻ʲô˸ֵطַʽʥԤ벻ģǴʥʺ͸ʿķӦʱʿɫ࣬ЩңϵʥʣϵϢҲĲһ¡һɲǣܵʥϵϢЩҡ
ȻֻһɲǣǹϢʧ٣·ʲôѹסһ
¡
һݣ˲Ϣ뵽ʲôɫ˲١
͵ɣʥҲЩˣʲô´˵ɡ
ʿͻȻڵȻƽлǲԾ͸һɴߴ٣ζ֮ǰƽ
ͻȻЩ΢֮ǰȫͬն˲Ϣͷ廹˵ЩʲôǴʥָ΢ֱһ뿪ơ
߰ɣӼһ̣
ͬһʱ䣬ʿһ£ѾӴ
г̾ϢһٲʣҲֻ뿪ˣ˵ȥ淸ϣﲻæŪɳ׾
΢ּ
幪һ
Ӽҿ⣬ǽʱͬգѾǴƵǴƵһλүﰵкܶ˶㣬㡣ϣУԼڱ£εôԭ򣬵ȵԺͻˣ
Ӵ˳һ·ߵ⣬ʿ̲ͣס̾Ϣһƺл
廹ʣȻʿһڣѾתȥĴ֮УĬƬ̣񣬺ܿӰܯȥ
ʧ󲻾ãϣʿҲصʥʵߡ
£¶ܴĲø𣿡
ϣʿԥʵ
ˣ
ʥʰ˰֣ɫ
ҵѾѼ̫ʱ䣬ε鼴պҲᷢ磬ԵĿɣܴﵽʲôĵز
ūˡ
ʿͷ
ǣ̬ȱ仯ô󣬳ϡǿºܲӦ
ϣʥʱΣ΢գ˰֣ƽ
ҩص䣡Ϊ˷ǣѾ˶ʮʱ䣬¶һЩᣬôǳ
ʥ˵ֻ˲ŶĻ
ǡ֣ʿһ̾һĨǵɫ
ūˣ
ȿȣ
ʱͻȻһУôȣøʿʱɫ
£
ʿһѸǰסʥʣͬʱһۻصĴɽʹһ㣬Ӹʿӿ뵽ʥڡ
ϢһƬңãһвŻָƽ

ʹ⣬һڣԺд˷һʥʣ㵽һ̣ҲûеõҪĴ𰸡ʥʵ״̬һֵ뿪ʱʿĻлеһжԵ÷ͬѰԭΪʥʺԼеԻƿϺܶ࣬ڣеɻ󷴶Ũˡ
һ£ظˣȥϣ
ͻȻڵһ̣ʱųϵķȥ
ڳϵϣһ޴ĸۡϡ£ֻʯʨӴϷһڽңܸ
ɷ裬ľ֣Ǵ»ĳڵĸ̧ۡͷۡд˷ƶʮߴ򣬰ʮһԪʿĳǶʮߴе֮һҲһϵҪĳ֮һ
Ǽ·ʱ򣬳ϣĳ󵹸꣬ͻȻˮҪĳ֮һķˮʼϲ
ʥûеõҪĴ𰸣弸뵽ĳܹŪʲôԭʹߵλǸͻȻı̬ȣ˵Ū顣
鷳ͨһ£˵ݼ
վܸĴſڣһƣһȸѸǰһŰ˹ȥܸԣ仰һǰӹֻǿһۣ΢΢ɫ
үԵȣȥͨ
ܸ˵ţѸٽڸ
վܸĴǰ۾һܸڿʼһƬƽƬ֮ͻȻɹһƬɧ˵
ˡ
ȸعͷ壬һ˿ǵɫΪӥĵӣͬʱҲ߸鱨Ҫ죬ǰ֪ĳڳ󵹸꣬Ѿлͺܶգʱ糯ҲһֱƲڸ
ʱ䣬ĴبʵѾҹˣȫ޹


1233 ȸԨԴ
İɣһģ
ƺ֪ȸʲôͷҲ̧
ܸ֮еɧҺܿƽϢֱۡܿþĵġ
ʱȥȸΪжʧʱͻȻһܼĽŲ͸򿪵ܸţȸһۿһñɫµʿɫ԰ףһȺҶˣ˳·ʱ΢ͷĿⶢŵ棬˿
һ·Żʮʱһƺһ£ʿŻعѸӭ˹
δ֪ݹ٣ĳʧԶӭүˡ
ĳ䣬Ҿһ񣬹
ܴ˿ˣҽȥһ𣿡
嵭
Ŷ
ĳγѣȻعæһ
ү룬룬룡
һ˵֣ĳŴڸ֮С
һжԵùֵֹġѾ߹ֵֹģɫ԰ףſڵļҶֵֹģɫȻĳֵֹģձ
ܴ˻׼˵𣿡
ϵĲ豭ҿǣĨһ¸Ĳĭڵ
仰Ա̷ѾߣһƬ԰ףĳϸһһס

ͻȻһ̾ϢĳͻȻվͺǰͽ㣬һҹļ尾Լˣѡ̹Ȼԡ
ү飬ĳ޻˵ĳԲүү𷣣ĳ̹ȻԣκεԹԡ
ĳ˵仰ϹϾ۳˾ʮȡ
Ǵںɺͳ˧Ĵ󶼻Ϊĳ˵ķˮȨᣬ󶼻ְλҲջأ˹¼սĿ๦һϦ֮仯ΪУ˵ֱӵܺߡĳԲԲبȴԶܲ塣Ϊĳ壬ϣǵпģҲƶһԼԭ֮һ
ܴˣǺġ
ʱһԱߴȸĳߣǵԹʱ򣬾ΪЩˣ屻ѪģѪڣȸڻǵá֮УЩкøС
οĳЩˮĴ󳼣ɵĻȸΪݵı֮¡
ˣ
˰ֹ֣ȸ
ܴˣĽ𣿡
彫еĲ豭£һƽ
үĳҲвѵĿԡĳ֪꣬Ƕبˣмӣү۳ɳУҹĳҲΪү̾͡ԣĳԲô
ϻ㲻ˣĽ֪֪Ϊ˶Ըʳ򵽽һ˶ֵܣͷ­Ѫսϣôһ䲻𣿡
ȸŭƽʱĻԲôε鲻һĿ๦ΪУĳ̬ôƽȸȫ޷ܡ
ȸ
ɨһȸֹסȻعͷĳ
ԣ˭ָʹĴˣ˭ʹܴ˸ı⣬Щͳͳ˵𣿡
үˡĳ˵ĳ˵
仰ȸԽŭĳŭĿӣȴʲô˫ְڷϣ
ˣȸߣ
˵仰һûĳ̤һĻ˵ȸĳþ˵ӣʦ֮м֪ʱܸĳΪڣʦģû뵽˵仰ˣĳж㵲ѡ
һ£
żʱĳ̲סһ
ܴ˻ʲô˵𣿡
ͣ½ŲŴ
үȷʵĳĴи˵УǷȸԨԴүԹԣ㾡ܳĳһɣŹĳļˡ
İɣǻûֵز
˵仰ţֱʧ棬ĳһһ
ĳлү

ܼҸۡȸлЩƽ
ˣѵŹ𣿶˵зǣ˼ֱ˳䡣
ȥɣÿ˶ԼĿԣΪһ£
ƽԶȸô
쵰һֶû˵Ĵ˹ְȨᣬֵܵŬΪУôŹ̫ˡ˲ǰ𣿡
ȸƽ
˭˵û˵
巴ʵ

仰ȸʱסˡĳ̣ԱţĳѾѣһһƵĿԺɣ飬ֶû¶˵¶һЩôܣȸϸ룬ôҲǵĳ˵ʲôõĶ
ȸʱ˵˵ˡЩ÷ǵ˵Сߵʱ˵𣿷ȸԨԴ
˵仰һ̤ȸվ󣬰λز
ȸԨԴ⵽ʲô˼
ȸôҲףȻ鱨Ĺڵʷ棬ʮǧ
öˣ߰ɣظ
д
ȸһݣһ飬ƥҵķȥꤵڽֵϻ죬һ˳˼С
ȸԴһʣʱг׹֮ǣ㣬˾ֵüĹԱЩ׹Ƶľ˺Ͳˣ׷鵽˹һŮϡŮܾĥǰ˵һ仰ǡȸԸ
ԣΪ𣿡
ԺһͷȸǱȣãжܱȵĳһɲǣ뵽ʲô
ڣҲҳˣ˭ҶһὫ㾾ģ
а
ʱ仺ȥصУҹĻʱ֣һֻӥԺǽ뵽Ҹ֮ۡУܿ죬ȸһż㣬ҴÿĴš
үˣʦոմϢĳѾ͢ݽǳʣ岻Ϊɣʤγ͢ǹٻؼңҳ͢Ѿ׼ոʦȥܸ̽Ѿա
ȸϥڵϣ
֪ˣ
ڴĬĬ鲨
үҪĳʳϢõʱҪھȥץ
ˡ
˰֣۾û˵ĻҲȸ㵲ѡ
Ǵˡ
ȸ˶סˣȫĦ⡣
ùȥɡ
嵭һ仰˱̸
ȸǲʺɻ󣬵Ѿ˾Ҳֻ˳ȥ
ȵȸ뿪бһɳ⣬ܿƽҲָ˼ž



1234 ϳ
һҹܿȥڶһ磬ԡ£ϴϺڸŮķ£˹شϴݵĴۣͷϽڣһַ͵ĳһݵƣȻĸϺŮҶעŲݲȵϴһĽɫ̧Ρ
ү磡
ү濡ΣϴۣϽں󣬿˰Ҫүǰ硣
һȺѾ߿Ŵİ̧ΣһϺ˵ġոշ廻۵ǻһȺѾߵֱ¹ײ֪ѾӵǸӵܣɳΪƵӢսʣ˵һһɢһɾĶǵŮΪ֮Ķ
ĸվڴſڣۿ΢죬ο
һβμӴƵ糯ûʲôϼˡеĸһ̶˻ر
һǸӣҲѾˣܹҵүӣһڳϻӳⷽ٣ʩչŻ
Σ
Ҵ⣬һ߿ţĻվ̧ŽɫĻΣһ·Żʹķȥ̻֮
ڰ̧УŻıУѸŻʳǶȥؽڹŵλá
ִʱ򣬻ʹǰĽ
Ƶ糯죨㵽ߵ㣩ѾʼЩĸѾ𴲣嵽Ƚˡ
ſڣһӣܶ඼ǿյġƵĹأ󳼵Ľֻ͵ʳſڡ
ִʱ򣬻һۿһұ־Ľӣب͵ˡ
һƽ²µݲ糯һס糯࿴ѧ˵֮ǰһҪ˵˼С⣬͢ĳ佫иԵİΣλǲվġȻǳ͢͢￴µݣŰεʱ򣬻ǰƽ²µġϾǳ͢ү׷վλİͬڳ͢ﲢûʲôơ
بȵǰһߺпʹһ֮׻׻ʹ֮еĽɡ
úսͬкܶĿҲݸ߾һԾġ⣬з磬ڵĳúǰͬࡣڱʱ򣬺ܶû취漰ϵ飬رǸطۣмĳ飬еķʸ֮ŪûᱻٹٳЦΪİѱ£Ĩ㡣
ף
幧
Ȼսϣ˾Ĵ󽫾Ӣۣǳȫһİĵطܽʲô⡣սֵԻ͵ʱ򣬴¤뿪ȥһйְڹһ̫ٱǡǡҲΪԳϵĹݡ
̡սĵطԶȿü̡սĵطҪյöࡣ
һס
¾󲮶֪ʹ󲮵뷨һ糯ԼĴ㡣
ʹ糿ʱ֣нӹſʼԱнػһ·ָ糯͢ĵط㲻ϤˣҲһŽ۴αȣԹһĻʹҵ͢ĵط
һ·ȥŴبĽ̻壬ȥһ·ϣĽֻҪ壬ûвĿ¶ηġڵ壬Ǿʦ֣֡ǽֻǱĶֻҪǴƵսʿûвݵġ
һ·ĳȫˡȻǣ˵ʲôһ·ָָȴⲻ˵ġ
ߣٹ໤һ⣬СС;͢ĹػҪҪˣ
һδɵСӰˣӶû룬ŵҲͰˣѪգç֮£Ƿŵϲ볯ô£ѵЩϳȲһ𣿡
꣬С㣬˼ҿڿǷͷ鷳һĽడ
ʲôɱ˲ݣ

һȺ˸ԶԶľ룬ͷӶѹ͵˼㣬Ϊѹ͵㣬Ҳڶߡ
ȥǣЩڳϰһǼʮϳǨô죬ԹҲѹ֡
һϤӶߴĴبһ΢Цŵĳ廨ţΪɼ׿ߪģԹҴģТƼģͨƾٿ״Ԫġ÷Ǵ˼ˣֻϵ
ʵҽ볯õʱҲһ
ب˵
仰Ҳ΢΢һЦ鵱Ȼ˵ô򵥣Ƕ˵ѾˣЩͲϡ
󲮣߰ɣ
һʹبһȥ
Сӣǵóûиݣ˳ãҪˡ
بڵѵÿЦ
ǣˣ
ҲЦ

̫͵£ȥʱ򣬳ﰴհѾվ󳼡һֹۣݵ߽ȥ˲˴˵ע⡣һɲǣԭڵ۵ĴͣͻȻࡣĴ󳼴λ⣬־
Ȼ֮սѾȨس˵൱һѹû˵ֻм̻Ի͵̫͵ʸǼ
Ӱе鲻һ㣬Ľģмʵģ͵ģгŵģҲġ
ȻôԺȨĴ󳼣ôิӵĿ⣬ȴɫݣ
ĿһƳڳʱͬҲڴڵڳֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Ŀһ٣ѸٿһϤӰ

һ£һۣվһȻʱһֱڶԼȥݷöǲôرܣе糯ȴ޷رܵĵط
ƺҲӦĿ⣬عͷһֻۣһۣŤͷȥܹĿ⡣
ֻǶ˵һҲѾ㹻ˣһɲǣоأƺĳ޴Ի
ϹܼҲû˵ѡ
еʱ򣬲Ҫܹ˵Ѿȷһ顣Ǹûб䣬ֻĳܴ⡣
ˣ
а˼ʱͻȻһߣͬʱһĿһԼ
ŤͷһۿңӦĵطһӰϢ磬ϣϵƺֻϣһûеζΧ󳼹ԼЦеĶ⡣

һͷⲻһμˣϴηϣѾչ棬վôľ룬ͬΪȴǵһΡ
ЦһȻ޾壬ĳصһۣ˿ûõ˼
һɲǣɫͻȻ࣬һƲͷȥ


1235 ѣ
ҲûкƽϣʱͬգڵǴ⣬ʱ򣬶ΪƵһڵ˿֮£ûбҪá
ʥʻûϳĿ뿪Ѹط˵ûȷʵµף嵱ھʦҲ˵һʱ䣬ȻûϹ糯ǳЩ󳼣ʲô˵ʲô񣬻϶ٻ֪һЩġҳңĿȾû̫͵Ҳ֪Щˡ
ڳϣ൱ף嶼ȫҲԺжӦӡǡЩվڰ֮УͦĿǰһ·ľͷһƶһģһһͬһȺ壬˸оǳĹ졣
Ҵǵ󲿷ֶʮңڳ֮Ѿ൱ˡ
Щ˱۾һȫˣ£Ҫ̽ʲôϢҲ
ĿЩͣƬ̣ܿƿˡ
ţ
ͻȻ֮䣬һĿע⣬վڴſڣӺ󷽿Եأ˼ȴĿһֱͣһ
˳ĿȥֻһӰ¸أĿŴϷķһϵϢǿ书ȫԼ־£ȴԶԶĴ󳼣ֻһվʱȺһ㡣
Ȼ˫֣һΧĴĿżӹӰʱȴ𾴡
һ۱˳
ū
Ƶ࣬ʮġࡱƾʮΪӮ˳󳼵أǶ˵ȴһ۲۵ļ࣡
ȹȥˣλţһϳ˵࿴
ʱһӶ֣߳˼˻
ǣ󡭡ˡ
屾д󲮣ܿ˹
بܿУҲڳðεĩβͣ
壡
еɲǣϣͻȻһЦһ˫˫Ŀ⿴Ǽ
һƽ²£
ЩĿǼսʱȷʵסһˣǵҲһССƽ²¶ѡİһЩС١
ֻǵȻһЦվںվںĺôǼ˵ЩԷˣҲ֪һǱߵһˡǾôʹ䳰ȷ޷ľһ㲨ûС
ž
ʱ򣬸߸ߵĴϣһͷ׵Ľ̫Ӷеıӣһ죬͢ڶеٹ٣ĳ佫ԼԵĹƷվһȻһ
ʥϼ٣
ͬʱһӺʥʻûг֣һϺƵ̺ǿϢͻȻƾն糱ˮһ̣˵ĿУһɫӰϣһ㣬Ӳг֣ڴϷ϶
ǵӰµɲǣȻ𶯣·ضڲ嶼ĸоһӴѹһƬ£΢΢ͷ
꣡
ɽУеĴ󳼡ٹȫͷ񣬴ϵһƬ¡
࣬˳
ʥʵҲ࣬߹ɫա
£࡭
߹䣬һĳֳ˰壬󲽳Сһյĳᣬôʼˡ
վڳõ󷽣ĬĬעеһУǰǾⶼһϲ볯ᣬ¡Уķ̸ȫͬġݳǧʷһдڳϹ̹£ѾγһƵ̡
󵽾Ԥ㣬طĲСĳصԩٴʯȫڳõ鷶Χ֮ڡôݣÿۻİۣ԰ǧƣҲΪʲôƵ糯Ѿʼԭ򡣶ʥںܾ֮ǰͽ൱һֵȨ·ȥ˼Ҫ飬ʥһ㶼ױ̬С
ȥ꼻طˮ֣ûʮ֮ߣ͢ȥּʮƶоųϵİգһͶ޷֤еĲ񲻹һӣһ齺һ䣬дǮʮģڼȳƶ͢ȥ˵صĵط٣ǰɳйΪĹԱû˿ı仯Ȼƶ͢ʹ¾ģɻͽǮ֮ǰ͢ɳʷȥ鿴زûи֮ǰƶˡ˵ƽ²˼ǣ֪Դкο
еһʱͻȻһгڳ͢ɲǼ䣬͢ϵնȻһ䣬ͻȻùһ˲Ŀ˷˹׷׼еϡ
屾һֱ״̬仰̧ͷ˳ǵ˹ȥֻһĳɫĹٷվڰеǰͷԼЦ
ΧĳԼҲ¶һſϷӡ
ֳţ
һ۾ͱ˳߼ᶨ׷ߡԼŵһμ糯ֳžΪԼⲻƣҪԼ
һ࣬ҲЦٲֳϵ飬Ҳֳ˽һЩ⼻صһֱͻͷʹ⣬ʲô취ˡ֮͢ȴ֮ǰ⡢ˣҲǴδй顣
˵ʵһᣬûа취ⷢѣҪѿ
Ȼͷ죬ǳ͢ϵ飬ͱϵսɱȻͬ
ɱòŵġ
СӣҾͿôشտڲ˵ҾȥĴ˵Ǿҷֻɱˣһçħͷش˵ĲԣҾ˳Ц㣬ȻȾһ飬˵㲻ѧȻºͣﻹǸӵܡ˵΢еãô£ҾƲķȥʵʩʱصˣ˵̸ֽ£ʺڳΪ١ôҶҪѣ
˵ĿȴǵҪԸδɣëûСӣʵǧַ⳯ϣĵ̣ôƾ˵

һ࣬ĹٰεǰУبҲǻ壬ĵǡһʼϲھبûа취ôٹٵ棬ȥָġ
ĵģšϷʥʺ͸ʿ߹һ塣
һβμӳᣬܺܿӦⲨսܾܿͻºܴĻӰԺ;ǰֹ̣ˣʱһȾͻ뼫䱻ĵز


1236 Ӧԣ
·ֻһɲǣֺͣڣڳϵѹ֣˶ΪҪ֪Ѷ˵ʱͻȻÿ˶Ǹ
صλѾ˵ĺˣΪԵĺֺʹƶˣҪı⣬ƶκ飡
վڰеĩβ̧ͷһ仰˶Ϊ֮һ
صƶѾã͢ĹִʱҲֻôƶȴû˼ԴͷڼԽԽʵƶǺγۺ󣬴ղ֪¼ƶĸԭ򣬾Ǻԡ
ǵһϳȻһѪָĸκһˣ޷ɼȷʵʵѧ˲С
Сӡֱ£
ֳվڰеǰһ۵壬۾΢УһƬȻηѣģ֪֪ϵǱսɱô򵥣忪ڵĵһ仰һѪֳŶɵòһв
ڳ͢ιȥʼղҪ죬صûнԽأԭҲܼ򵥣֮㲻֮档ִˣҿԿһ¼صľ𣿡
ŵϵֳŵ
ֳһסˡȻϣ忴ڣǵô󳼵棬ǾԲܵġ
Ѿøˣ
ֳŴ˸ƣһһǰѸٽһľڵ˹ȥ
£׼þڣԱʱ֮裬˲鿴ⶼеĹ
򿪾ڣҵ־һѸٵ
ĵģ˸ҴšǰֻʱЦϾֻһ佫ѣڣһɫ棬Ѿǰôˡ
ž
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬Ͼڣ½
ҵжûӼص־Ƶķˮ֣ʹüصطǳƶɥʧֲˮ֣ҪӣֺʱãӶʹˮԳɹҪǣΪˮֵ⣬°й˼ɣֲũ΢Ҫˣиı䣬Ѿʺٷչũҵֲҵ
ŵȺһȻ
䣡
һʯǧˣĻһƬȻ
ʳΪ죬ղֵأʲôԷֱǺ˵˵
£ƽ²壬Թ£
һΪʲô߼ȻֱЦ

ĻͱһٵȺ׷һԣһԹڦǰշ⣬ƽ²£³ϵĳ̫͵ˡ
ٺ٣ԭǸȡ֮Ҿ˵ôô
һ࣬ҲǺٺЦ
ոջһ棬廹Ǹҷѧʶѡ
군
Ĵ忴һĻһĳˮסǧ廹Щ˵Ĺ֮Сõĳǻ˵ģƾһϯЩ˽ⷢӣܰڱĨøɸɾʹ屻Ц
ôһߵһϦ֮丶
һɲǣبѡ
ǣ
屳˫֣Ⱥ顢Ӧ۵ףֻȻһЦ
ʲôȻǿͭ󣡡
ȺߵʱͻȻˣֻһ仰ͽмߵȫѹȥһ˲ѻȸ
ʲô˼
󣬻Ǽֳſڵ˵еʡأĿ͸ѯʵɫ
ܼ򵥣ʧ֮磬֮ɣ磬ȻʺϷչũҵֲҵǡǡ֪ŷḻͭͰ󣡡
һŵ
ʲô
Ļ˶סˡԵ𾪵˵
ؾȻͭ󣡣
һƶؾȻôĿôܣֱ췽ҹ̷͢ιҲû˵ʲô
Ļ˶ˣ
Ե棿
һϵĹͻȻеƣɫһ֣ء˵ģôΪ͢Ϊ⣬Դһƶӱһá
Ȼ
嵭
һþ֪ˡ벻ǣ˿ӱޣҲǼ飬ӦþͿ֪ˡ
Ļ˶šزʲôҪĵطͭͰ󣬶ڵذղ֪£嶼ֻ֪˵ȫµĺδȫġ¡ռˡ
ۣ׶Ŷݡ˻ɵĿ⣬ҲֻȻһЦͲ͡
ող鿴־ʱ鿴ĵͼԺϸһ飬Ȼ˼ӵдḻͭͰЩΪرȽһصİն֪һֳƶ״̬
岻ܹͬ͸Ӻȸָ֣ȥĵ˻ʯȻҲּܷصص׵Ŀء˵δȵǳƽ٣رѣЩصĿȫ¶
չڿұ죬죬Щմũṩǹͭ󡢰Ǯңʵ⡣ͬʱҲԵһָأˮѡ
صˮֺʱãǶʱܹġҲǰιʧܵԭϰÿ춼ҪԷܵôáг͢Ĳʱ䣬ˣר̰ӣˮͬʱʹлָȵˮˮֺʱʱֿ·չũҵֲҵĥ󿳲񹤰
΢Цŵ
һ仰ڵĳ佫һɫ£ɫǺڵһѿޱȡ
ָʹֳŶԸ壬ɲΪͷġԭļƻУٴ취ƻʵʩˡͭټļƲߣôɹôɵӶ֪ƻ
ΪƾЩѾڲ֮ˣ
һѾ׵ʧˣ
쵰
ȭͷҧгݡȻҲϣǼٵģڵݣȻЦΪ̫̫ײˣȺķӦֳŵηҲŪɳ׾ûй壬ڳϵӰ졣
ˣ˵⼸֧߼ȥ̽ھ򡣡
һĳ߳ʵ
⵹ûƳ٣ѸٱطĵطһЩΪ̺ͭĹϵɽɽҲͬ˵ܺñϡ
𣬰⼸ط̴ͼ͵ھ򡣡
ĳ
ǣˣ
ñԵһ𴫵ݹԱСѸ뿪˳ȥ
ϣĴب彻һгһ


1237 ó
ģ
͸بԼ̾ոյΣبΪҪˣǷ·תڵһĳдʣó塣
ĵر漰£һ޴ĺ蹵Դ󲿷ֵ佫Ĭֻ漰µʱżԣһ棬Ȼת൱硣
Ϸ߸ߵ̨ϣʥһɽ͡޷ϲŭ֡һԵĸʿȴ΢ɲĵ˵ͷȻҲµëǲھ嶼ȷȷʵʵǰĺ֡
صºܿԺ͵˺ܶࡣһЩĳżᵽ壬Ҳһ𾴵ζ֮ǰȻͬ
ʱĹȥҪ͢ԽԽ٣һ棬ƻǱżȵĸЧҲΪָЧʥʲŽ൱˳Ρ
ĬĬع۲һУضڳ͢ĲԼصĳ˽⡣֪ͣѾɢʱˡ
£б࣡
ʱһûʲôӡĹͻȻӰ֮˳ֳ˰壬һ
˵ɣ
ʿһϵĴʥʣͻȻڵ
£ĺƽܱߣĵȫڴƵϢģɽҳ͢ҲѾ͸ǩЭ飬̣ͨΪ˼ٰյĸ˰ۣ飬óһĲ֮ǻعũֵأ
䣡
һ䣬ɲǼը˹е佫ȫŭĿӡ嶼һɲҲıɫ
£ԣ
ƣƶǸ̫ڻʵǣһ壬ԣ
óĳҪ佫ѾǵˣصĶѾóǻҪʲô
Ȼ˵ôͷͷǵǲԳеľӺ佫飬ĳ̣

ͱһоһ佫ȫŭɶ³ж͸һŭ⡣
ˣ佫ҪҪЮ͢𣿡
ܿһĳӰ˳ǳ⡣
ĳι佫ߣǴҸԵְ˾ǵ˵Щ佫ιƽս飬˲ƣǳŴõľóʱ򣡡
İĹٴӰ˳
ǵԽԽĹҲ뵽˶佫ַ֮СرҪЮ佫Ǳ
Ȼսϣĳ޸֮佫Ķ֣ǳòɳô佫Ϊߵͣռ˿ˡ
£б࣡Ҫ֣ΣԻڣ壡Ҫһְ֮
һ࣬˸ɫµĳҲƲ뵽˶佫ַС
ڳ˵ǼᶨսɣǼᶨطսɡһϣЩĳһУıϵġ
ϣվڰеĩβĳ佫һͫԽԽ䡣
ɺĴѾˣĶҲѾóҵļѾ͸˾ĸ㼶Ѿһˣû뵽ǾȻˣ
Ķóˣһս£ԴӸصгȡ񣬲Ѹٻָǰȫʤ״̬óˣǾǳ׵ľ˴Ƶĸ
֮ԽԽң佫ĳȺ֮ʷʱͻȻһڴ
£ԣ
ټĴϷͻȻһƬţе˲ʧһ佫ķɫܹ衣

ӵϵĵλȻʱ̣ܶӰ߻ĵĴ󶼻󽫾޷֮ȡ
һ˵ķͳ˴е佫˵Ժգүү࣬ⲻκһ佫Աġ
ˣʲô˼
ʱ֮ǰóİĳͻȻŤͷ壬˵ĿҲ׷ϡţսţ΢
£ΪóޱҪֱӷϳ
û˵ĳ̧ͷ˴Ϸʥʡ
壡ĶսѾ˼ĸѵǻȥ𣿡
һĳ˳̬ȳ׵ļŭˡ
ԣ˼ʿڱܣ𣿡
عͷƳһ˵ĳޱȡ
仰ĳһϣʱ˵ĵӣԱٲҲ˵Ļ
£ЩԻڣΪĳǸȥǵĹְϴã

̤ڣ˵ӡһֱºͺأǲó鳹׵ļŭˡ֮һεеĳһξʮˡ
һɲǣϣĹͱ˵ѹ˲٣Ȼƽ²µݲ볯ݱϾƵһʥ׷һ˿Աġ
͢ٹ٣Ĵبλ壬˵ˡ
壡Ϸ֪ող⣬Ǵ⣬ʱ򡣲ŸոյһβμӳᣬȻ֪ݣѹĴ󳼣ֱǵ졣ԹٽɣǸ̫ڻʵ׿ϵģҲɵġ·͵ɱʥΪơ£ϳ壬Ϊ·¶ľλΪ¼ã
ͻȻһϵϷӽ̨ףʥλõĵطһֱĿڤ룬һ̴̫ʦһ̫ʦͻȻվתµ壬ɫޱȡ
̫ʦղף
Ƶĳ֮ף
̫ʦһڣ纮紺뵽ĺ佫Ƕ㿪ˣ΢΢ɫ̫ʦ¸أӰ岻ܺܺõӦԣܿӰԺ;ǰ̡
ǰ̣뷨ȴȻͬ
ߣ
һλƵ¸ص̫ʦҲû˿õ˼ǹ̫֮Ȼڱҵĸ϶ֽţ˵̫ʦʮҲá
ѾǼ򵥵֮֮ˣѾҡ۹ĻʯⶼãԶˡ
̫ʦǶԪϣ屾㣬мӣ벻˽ľȻ֮أΪһ˽ģȻ˽Ϲ̫ʧˣֱ˲ܣ
ԤϣۣͻȻǰڵһ仰Ȼ

بæеɫ˲١̫ʦݷͬСɣӰ̫ǲֱӶײģϾ̫ˡ
ˣô𣿣
̫ʦȻŭ졣


1238 ̫ʦ
ղʦǰʮ꣬үүͬʦͬšǾˣ̫ʦƢȴһĻ𱬡ֻһӱȻڳõڶײֱд
̫ܵʦŭöһƬ
ֻƾײ̫ʦһ㣬Ұ塣˱ΪٻһЩ˶͹еŭ𡣴Ӻɺоͱһа
ȫ˹壬ԱһζѹѾȫŭ
һ㣬˶ˡ
̰ͼ»ˣ
һƽټ٣ƴȫֻΪӪһõĻӭӼѡеŬȫ˵˸ߣʲô壿
ƽ٣ޱ𣬲ƽʲôʲô壿
үүҵΪ𢵱ȣڳ˽ϹϣΪϲ𣡡
Ŵϵ̫ʦ
¡
ĻһƬ𶯡˶סˡղ̫ʦãΪƹʦʼû˸ڳ϶ײ̫ʦ̫ʦô˵û˸һڳϵָ̫ʦ˽ϹΪϲ
һ̣ϷԱߣʿסˡ
ĴبȴĳˮףôȥҺ̫ʦǽᶨˡ
Сӣ㣬ôĵӣ
ղ̫ʦһûƺ붼üĶ촽÷ϡһλ߾¡¸أγܹ˵衣ղ̫ʦԸܵˡҲΪûԾ÷ȴҲʲôʵĻһʱ׶ˡ
ߣ̫ʦǴλλ֮¡УֻһС֮⳯ϣֻоĳСӡ˵˽Ϲ𣿡
һûкˣǰ
Ϊ֮ǰ˵ӡ󣬶һźԱָָ㣬ҲڣԸһ󱲺˵۸ûʲôƢĸоʱ򣬵巢ŭǹƵ磬ޱȡ
Ϊ۹󽫣սϻӳָⷽӰ۱Ķƣκ˿ԱġֹˣԼûз֣ŭʱ򣬵ΪʥǹӴҲ֪ȻȻɢ˳𺳲ѡ
һĿ壬һȫ˼

ϣʿһĻ΢ɲһüͷ嵱ڶײ̫ʦǵĳһԺɲʲô¡ĳĿʷͶܰ
ʿʶƳһԵʥʣʥ˫΢գޱ飬ȫûֹ˼
̫ʦʱѾ˵ˣֻһָֻ壬ָѡȻ̫ʦŭŭȴʢ
ҹȣΪأսΪǲգûƶȣ֪ʲô𣿣
Ŀ磬ɨȺиֵѪ˿һ︯壡ΪΪǡǡΪĳ˶۹ĸ֪˶Ŵ˺ɺ֮ͱϵĸһ
ԶֽţԷ书ΪֱǰδС
ʱڣսسƽһʧʮޱõľأؽ꣬غ壬ս֮عΪûкԴʱľӸãӴ۹߽⣻ʮ꣬汱ʮ׵ǱΧʩչ˼ƣŵԴūǰʮ꣬ͻ֮սһսܣͻ˳£޺Դʱ룬ȫòɳףΪܴ裬ֱ񣬽ͻʺһΪΪͻʣŵѩܡ
ӣսʤʲô⣬Ȼһսܣûк󱸱ԴٶҡҷΣաʷϣΪûƶȣһЩСֱӱĵҹ½ǣĳĵҽΪиڴˣƸ桢̫ȡǰľѵƶȡ̫ڻʵԣ̵йӵܣʹýմ¡ʢ˽ıǿ׳ʢ˺󣬴սԴԴϵĺ󱸱ԴܿŲʮ򾫱ϵѹƶͻʣ߾۹ɡ˹ءگܹͦʮ׳٣Ҳֻбõ
ʮһ꣬˹ءͻ෥ʱ䣬ɽ֮
ŵÿһˡ˫Ѫ죬ŭɶֻǷŭûһ˻Ͼ̫͵ٴĹͣٸߵĹپҲ
ȻȻʢŭ֮У˵ĻõЩȫоݣʷּأȷɵġ֪һԣӱʼдذٹе̫ʷҲվ¶ɫ
Ҳòϣ˵Ļûе
Ȼص˼Σóڶҡ̫ʦҿѬģɱ˫ۣϺͿˣȻ鶼˵ó̫ʦȰ㻹Ǹϰɣ
¡ϣָ䣬ô̫ʦ⣬˼վվˡ
㣬ҡɷˣ
̫ʦɫҰף塰ϡݼȫѪʹȥ
̫ʦ
̫ʦ
̫ʦ״ʧɫæӿȥĳһһңæס̫ʦ
壬ô̫ʦ˵ģ
ʱ˿̣˵ĪˡһһȻµӰ˳壬
̫ʦѸߣҲΪƵǿʢŻѪ²ٹͣĸ֣ҼˣҲҪĽһ̫ʦ̫ʦʲô飬㵣𣡡
˵תͷϵʥʣ
£ҪĿ𳤣ιʦصǹ̫֮ʦ˳ԲѷΪ飬ȥɱӺ
ϵһӱ΢ĵھʦ˾֪ĳҲǺܴ˵ļУһٳһ㶼ָʹµĴ󳼷ѣ³һ»ͷһء
ߣ
忴һĻֻЦһ
£Ҳб࣬Ҫְ֮ǲµĵطΪλ߾¡Ȼϳʮ꣬һֱŴ£ƽĵһ飬Ȼǹ΢Ŀ𳤣ʦص飬ѧƽӹѧΪ㵣˴Σ³ȥλȥϾͺˡ
㣡
ȻףֱʬνԶʧϧë˴;档Ծô꣬˽˲ٶ˭ҲκβȻòҵһṥڦ壬ȴץסһ£һңʼϲ


1239 
壬㲻Ҫ˵˵ſڴƻƣ
йʲô˲֪ԼҲ񲿸ʺ㣡

޿ˣˣ޿̣̣ó飬Ѿۣڲ̫ʦ˭Ҫ϶ֽţ嶼ģҲŹΪѾͨͨĵ߳óͻôˣǹϵ
ˣú֣
ԣʿڿȥ̲סǳ
λǴƵλ磬ڱǰӣɺͳ
һڡó飬Ȼݱ˶Ϸһ㣬ʿȥˡʿĺǳ⣬϶ʱࡣʿϾûйȣ˶֪ʿʥô꣬ѸʥͨȻִ֮ʥʶȥˡ
°ɣ
ϷʥͻȻˣָ΢΢һ£ϵڻ죬͸һɲɵζ
ǣǣ£
˵һԡ
ɫȻû˿ĲһԵȴҧгݡ
쵰Ź㣡
ӹһĨ}˵ĺ⣬ΪץסԲѷײ̫ʦ£û뵽ﵹһңΡŭɣ޲ھ͸ɵ塣
ǻصϰɡ
ʿеķһڣʥĵ
⣬̫ʦҲǰʮ䣬Ѫտ⣬ǾͲ̫ܶʦһ𣿡
仰ȷʵ̫ʦִ֮Ż˼㡣
ǣף
ҲһʥʶԼҲǶ̻ˡ
£ڲó飬ķŭ⣬΢Ϊλĳ˵ҲûеĺƽһƬָͣոպ˹ءͻʡگ߾ʳȹ޽ԼȷʵҪôıص˳ҲһСĿսʱҲͰˣûսʳ۹ѾܣȷʵٱôıҪԱһֵʱļͿˣ
ʱ򣬴ϷٹٵǰУһӰ۴䣬ͻȻˡͻȻ˼֣ĳ佫΢΢ͷ­¶𾴵ɫ
ơࡱū
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼʱ򿪿ˡΪ࣬ٹ֮ףū˵ĻŷǷķ֮ϡһ̬ͻӰḶ́Լܶ˶ʱı⣬׷˼
屾ΪԼ˻ذУĻͫһıɫ׼˵ˣͻȻĿһƳɨԶһͻȻ֮ͣ

ƤͻȻŤͷǵϤӰӿʼڣ˻ججӣ󲿷ֵĳ飬ûвμӣȻͬһ̣ū˵ɲǣ˾ͺʲô̼һ̧ͷıӰ
һɲǵ˲Ϣӹâ鼫临ӡ
⡭
üͷһĿ⣬ǵ۴Ӱд˷뵽ʲô
˼ʱūĻܿӦ
飡
飡
飡

һʱ䣬ϵĳ׷׸һЩûбĹԱҲ뵽С
Ŀһԥ̤˳ȥ
£ԣȻǹڲóйأôӦʱصĶеķŽ󶼻󽫾ȸ󶼻Ĵ󶼻Ǳ顣ڳϲþ
ⷬ˵ն˲˵ע⡣
£飡
ʱһ֮У³ܵĸоһ˿ʱֳ˰壬˳
³Ҳò̾һ彫Ƶĸ󶼻ʵһ塣Ȼ͢ľڳ֮͢бǲó飬˭Ҳ˵͸Ĵ󶼻󽫾޹ء
³Կ϶Ǹ溲ث߰˼˳֥ϣ˵̬Ⱥһµġ
ֻҪЩĽ̬ӵзǷķʱǾͲǼĳ˵ˡ
һټһ飬ɲǼ䣬еĳǰ˵ĴūͨͨɫȻһлԶûнһ̣һڴʹóϵķӵ˷Ƿķ
£ͬԣ
ԣһֱվͻȻ֮һãӰ֮˳
ৣ
һɲǣð塢³Ͼصͬʱ̬ǷǷķеĳоһɳѹ
еɲǣ忴ūһɲ΢΢ɫʧȥĵ
£飡
飡
飡

һĻе佫񣬷׷׳֧֡
һᣬͻȻ˷׷̧ͷϷȴʥʵĲþ
֮һƬⰲ֮Уһӷӣ죬ͳƺӼԶĵطûע⵽һĻ죬һ΢΢ɫ̧ͷϷȻϷһ糣оշ΢ı仯
֪ˣݺ飡
ʱʥϺͻȻ˵仰ʥʶȻվߡ
꣡
һ˲䣬˷׷׵ͷɽ꣬Ŀʥ뿪
һյĳˣžһ죬е糱ˮ̫͵߳
үζ㣡Ļ佫Ժû׶֮ˣ
үǸ硣Ȼ֮һֱУ伫ֱ̫ˣ
ǰǰҺүڣǰʱ̫ʦȻҲٳ飬Σÿζ̫ʦڡǵݸ̫ܺʦԿҪԿ̫ʦҲֻүõˡ

ȵһ³ǰ߳佫ȫۼߣÿ˶ɫ˷ܲѡ
̫ʦ࣬ڶĳе佫ÿնѹ֮¡ĵ˶üĸоرǿ̫ʦɫɷףվվȵʱжֳһڶĸо
Ȼ̫ʦĹǺĳЩȷʵЩǷףһ˵ûʱ̫ʦȷ֮ӣЩҲֻ˵˵˵
λˣ֮²ǶϷûλ˶Ҳ
ƽ£һߺѣһȥ飬ڳ͢佫һϵ֮УȷԼĵλ
һ·̫͵뿪µܯǰһӰɫڷ趯һֳ׵ĸо³࿴һۣѸ׷ȥ
£
³ǰѸһ
壬һ߰ɣ
˫֣ڶһԵ


1240 ū
³ȸˡ
³⣬֪Ҫģ˵һԣ佫״Ҳ׷ɢȥֻǰС
γᣬܵ˰ɣ
岢һߣһߵʵ
ţ
˵ͷȻֻǵһ죬Ѿܵϰӿܣ临ӡ
յΣڻҪӣ
ֻ˵һ仰ҲǶһ͡
Щİ׵Щʲôˣ֮ϲһϦ֮ôˣǵʲô
ٴε
һʱᣬҲûа취ش㣬ǴϣЩ˶ȱҲ޷Էԣ

ԣ̫ʦ𣿡
ͻȻͣ½ŲǰһɲǣĿޱȡ
̫ʦΪĳ֮ףЩ³ֵİףͳͳĳôˣôףû̫ʦ׿ǲܵġҼ㲻̫ʦΪҲԺѲ˹ϵ
֮ǰҲйһ뷨¾ûô򵥡̫ʦȷʵУĻٿһеˡһһ顭
һص
Ŷ
üͷһҪѯʣͻȻһ󴼺
λү
һعͷֻһӰ۴䣬źɫһƷԱٷӺ󷽿첽ӭ
ǵӰ˵鶼Щ΢
ˣ
һ񣬶һԵȴǵȻһЦ˫ֱţһ
ǴӺ׷ĲǱˣȺ֮죬࣬ū
λүˡ
ū߽æһ
ʲô𣿡
岻䲻ȵūոջڳϷִʱûʲôɫ
Ǻǣ£ոյλǲǶ᣿
ū˫Ҿ΢΢һЦ紺ԡһ㣺
ó飬ֻǾ£⡣պҪȫǰлϼӴģһҲǲܣ
ū˵β©̹Ǻޱȣͺһ޻һ˶ȫΪһƷԱȺ֮ףūҲûаټӣһ㼴Ⱥ֮ҲǼٵģҲλ𾴵ԭ֮һ
ˣû˼
һ˿ɻɫеĳֻƺͻȻɢ˲٣æصֻһԵɫ䣬˿޶ԡ
֪λĵϸ»ĻԼеٹһԼЦƭ֪˭ıһźƭľͻᱻԵͷʣ
òЦƭˣȥУУδУԲ塣Ϊ֪ǰλࡱһԺյָ֣
λ࣬һʽ۸ǰλǴʷϣʷαװˣ
˵£һֲţʲôʵʱģǽֻ˵˵ѣԲܷ
Ǻǣˣ˴̫ʺã
ͻȻǰū棬΢Ц˵һ仰Ȼô򵥵һ仰λλȨصıɫūôһɲǣҲ̲סɫ࣬˵
ֻôһɲūܿͻָɫ紺һ㣬΢Ц
Ǻǣҵ
ūҲһƵ᣺
е£ˣλŽ͡
ūڵ
˿ˣǸټ
ҾһĿū뿪һֱʧתһԵ塣
壬ôͻȻ֮ˡѵҲǼ𣿡
ţⱾ࣡
忴ָʧķ򣬵
˴̫֮꼫ʥӣȴָüƭϻ磬ûصʦԽӽʥʣһתָƭʥ˵֮϶ಡʥǹꡣ
ֱ֮ƭͱ˳
䣬ָУҲûһΪָڳܻ֮¡
֮Ҳա
һʱڳҰֵúܴ󣬲Ͼûȷ֤ݣҲţղ֮
û뵽Ὣ·ǰһ飬˼
ԣǰʱ±ܶʵҲΪū𣿡
ʱͻȻڵ
ˣ
һɲǣ˲ɫ
ﲻ˵ĵطߣ
ͻȻһץסֱۣѸһۣһԲѸǰȥ
⣬ڳһ
壬ǴҲ㣬֪ҲһԼ취ġ֮ϣ˶ӣǷ֮أ˵ĵط
ǺǣɺľѾˣ󶼻ľҲҪóʲô𣿡
ԳһЦ
ĬȻ
ԣ£յ׷ʲô
忪żɽֱ
µҲûʲôˡ
̾Ϣһյ黺ڵյ飬ѾӴب³Լ˽࣬ȴֲͼҪһ顣
ԭںɺ᰸ڳ֮ǰѾ֪ˣΪеҪʵȨ䣬Ҫܡܶӻû͵ϣͻйһ顣
ɺ᰸ʱûȥΪǸǲͨģȫĳĳһʱ嶯Ĳ
ǵ˳ϣŸоԣبڣ³ΪȻͶû֣ǣս᰸ڳϵõڶĳ֧֣ȫĳĳһʱ嶯Ĳ
ӲǣЩĳȫбһ̫ʦΪףѡڳϣµĹԱȫ֧᰸᰸ͨģһ˵ı̬
ָ
û˵Ѿµ˴𰸡
˵Ĳˣ
̾Ϣһ
壬ǰûнӴ͢ǵһβμӳᣬԲ֪಻ֻһݣٹ֮лһ㺬塣˶ڳ͢ϵһٲ֣һ־ζǲֻ˼ͬҲǱµ˼
ģڴĦʥʵ˼ڹȥʮٿڣֻҪڣ޲ǰʥ⡣о׿ϵ᰸һڱͨʱһЩ˼ĵطҲͨʾȺô˶Ĭ˵˼ʵҲʥʵ뷨
ճϣ˳УұΪʥʵ˼ᷴ顣û뵽ȴվͶͬƱһƱʹ鷢˾޴ת佫Ҳòת̬ȡ
͸ɫһ쳯ϵĹĶǣܣ룬Ȼ𺳣һҪıսʿѪɵǰ߱ݣôһ֮䣬ڳϱþˡ


1241 Ϣ
һֱΪֹҶ޷жһ쵽Լ˼ֻǱµּ⡣
ţ̾Ϣ
ĬԼôɻ󣬵ȻͬԹ壬ԡھڡԡ
֮󣬵ѵûȥʹ֮аݷùʥ𣿡
ʵ
ҡҡͷ
ҳԹȫ¾ܾˡڵıѾκˣǱнӼĵһˡ֪ǲΪĹϵĳǰ²μӹʱһΡǸ֪ĳ»᲻ֶֻõʱ䣡
˵ǡ
һ仰һҲˮסڳԶӷӣΣ嶼ÿʥʶἱҴҵ뿪
ڶѾֵز𡭡
Ҳǳġ
ˣΪʲôǵĶ߹ʲôıһλǴƵʥʣϵĴڣĶޡѱĵң̸ʥʵʱҲĿ¶ء
ţûʲô˿ԿƵֻǡ
ֿһԱߵֹ
ΨзδӺܾԺȥŻ֪ʱʲôȻʱ˿̣Լ֮⣬¾֪ʥϷʲô
侳ʧܵĴۣκ˶岻֪ʥϵεôˣڵȻ䲻Ѿֻʥһ˵ˣӰе
ƣҲǡǡʥ֮󣬲Ų˶֮
أӦüָˣôشģ
һѹеĲ
˲ûֱӱֻ˵ϵǾ¡˵ʱм䣬ȴϰʾǱµּ⡣

ʱһƬ˼屳ųᣬ΢΢üͷԼܲµ˼ʥǹϵǧһۣչͼҰϣʥҪǿңҲΪˣָĻŻеìܣеɻ
ǾָĹģһֶ࣡ţ
£һ𣿡
ͻȻڵ
ʲô
գһ۾Ϊ⡣û뵽ڷ֮Ȼ˼¡
ٻ
΢Цţ˵ĸ֡
Ŷ
Ƥһһ壬֮ʶʲôһʱ֮벻С
ϻ磬Ⱥܾ֮硣ϻվϻվǺꡣһ죬ϻɽȴȺ޽˵ϻ˼Ǻ˼
ˣ
һ͵ض壬Ŀйâޱȣһɲǣ·ʲô
ֻ΢΢һЦܿ뿪ˡǸˣֻһʱԻָҲֻԻһʱԻһ磬׹ġ
ӽһܿص˼Уڽ쵱п»Ҫĸ²ܽá
һصУ͸оЩԾƽؼҵʱ򣬼еѾߡ˾һһƬ֣λȻһƬɲʲô
壬ɻˣ
ոտţһǾϲͻȻǰ̧ͷȥֻһϤӰŽɫצۣվҵĿǰĬĬصȴšԼɫԼӭ
ࣿ
üͷһ壬Ϊ⡣
Ǵӣһһ˹עţܾǰȰҪ£һ嶼ȥ⻹ǵһΣܵԼ
£ô
ʵ
ɺҶѾ˵ˣôסѾԸǣһ֪ͨңû̫ˣ
˵żĸһܱ
ַܵĵ˷ܺϲãҲӹһůȻЩ³çľٶȻЩͬǷ⣬Ѿܵˡ
ģû¡һս޷ңοֻССĴۡ
嵭Ȼ
Ҿ֪û˿Իģ
һ˵ֽäĿĳݣƺûʲô˵ġ
Щ쵰ûоӵıѵ˿Դ𣿡
˵һķ߷߲ƽ
ߣﲻ˵ĵطȥɣ
һܿ˿֮С
֣Ѿ߱ϸߵ㡢ˮ˫пմӡһӡеȣڵɫ˺ܶࡣ
ǲǿҪͻƻ侳ˣ
嶢ӣͻȻڵ
һЦ
Ȼ棬ǰһϢĹž˵۹󽫶벻һͱ´ˡ
ҲһУԵøȻ
ǳǰҲء
һ΢΢üͷеľ壬ȻҲǸ¡Լڵʱ䣬ҺĹϵ׽ࡣҲ⣬ľӻãʲôĵĻǾ·һ
½Ҫ̳дͳˣû㹻ǿ书ǲеġ¼ӽҲһЩķӦö
ˣԵŰݷãǹзʲô𣿡
ͻȻʵ
ǵûС
ҡҡͷ
ϴε飬ڻʹѾûʲô˸ˣǴҲһ
˵ⷬʱһְҲһֶĸмϴεķ籩ӱӽҷ͵书£һǸ۾ϵϵӲ£ܸԼӣ浽ų۵ȫͬ˴Ϊ𶯣ڹеĴҲǺࡣ
ֻ֪һжĹ͡
˵ҪʲôµĻǷһ飡
Ƭ̣ͻȻ
Ŷ
üͷһϵĲ豭׼һڣʾ˵
֮ǰǼ鱬ʱҲ˵һҪҳ˭ڱԸ㡣Ȼûܹҳʲôȴһķ֣ҵһγʱзָڹУʻ˴ӵĹȻѾȥеĵΣҼαװҵ˻һϵó
ˣ
Ļͫһ˶ıɫһβμ糯ѾоָѾ̫ʦ˽ζǿˣ岢֪ºʹҲǣӵ˵ģôҲζţӡָ̫ʦԼеڶĳѾһǿսˡ
˴Ӻ󹬺ͻӣһ·쵽˳ãһʷǰǿֽ׶λûһ֧ܹ֮ƥУҺ֮ˡ
඼֪һ˵ʲô
һɲʲôͻȻоԼƺѾҪӴǳ͢ˡ


1242 Ƽգ
ӡ
˵һ빬ʥʱڳſڸĴӡֲôҲֲЩͨ
ӵôһж͵ͨˡ
֪ˣʱҪ֪⣬Сߵˡ


һ仰һӴסˡ

̾Ϣһͽմȥ֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰˵˳Լ֮Ĺϵ֪׻
ô᣿
ɫһӲ԰˲١ΪԼ֮Ĺϵǳأû뵽ѳ׵ı¶˴ӵƤ£ҪǣѾ˼ʣ߰˼㡣
ûв͸ǽڻʹоӪܹ֮꣬ڣѾ൱ˣڱ¶ҲǼ¡

Ҹ֪߰ļ˭ڸոһ֣Ȼ֮ɹҲ¼ɣпܵĻ̻̣ҶȥʱҲ˴ļˡ
һ
ⷬ嶼ɴһ¡
£һʱһʱȷʵɳˣ
п
һֲֻ֪࣬̿ôǸˣӻܿǵӰ죬ָһ㣬ѾǰȻͬˡ
ڴ߰飬ȥѡֻҪһа취Щ˾
û˱µˣڴģҡϸ棬û˱óˣҲ嵱ûȻߵԭ
ֻҪõúãҵ±ʮ侳ǿ߻Ҫǿ
ˣȥҾþȥ

ˣһ飡
Ƭ̽ŵ
ʹ֮и¹ٽţͯڱθУҵݺѽӴȥʱҰԼһ£м
õģ
ЩĲɵ
֪и˰ļ˭޷̩Ȼ֪֮˼ѾˣҲûж˵Ƭ֮󣬴Ӻ뿪ˡ
뿪˼Ƭ̣ܿ鷿֮С鷿ŹϣʱһƬž屳̴ľΣ˫ʮָ棬۾΢΢ϣ˼ɫ
ԽԽϲµʱһ˰ĬĬ˼
ӣָ̫ʦ˭Ļ֣ӣָˣ
д˷ʱ䣬Ѿƴճϵ࣬ҲֵĴڡ
ЩѾ޷ı䣬ֹø
ԽԽ˼άҲתԽԽ졣⼸һֱڿ룬Ϣ㼯ǰѾ١
̫ʦ
ڤڤУ˵Ļ񽥽
̫ʦѸߣһܱǿҲֻ֮ܵڣṴӡҲûô»вٵ佫ôû̫ô
ʮָ֪ʲôʱַֿϣʳָʶߵţÿߵһ·죬ԺоԽһ֡
ָǸ°磬Ӳɽ¶ˮôߵ·񲻷ԸڴӡȻʥʵĵճӣʵλõĵһ˳λ̳ˣ̳дͳ֮ǰûôͬʱ̫ʦָǣʲôôͬʱλ
΢ͷĿĶ鷿ݶʳָ֪ߵԽԽ졣飬ܼ㡣
ӷѾλ˳ԼҲָ̫ʦЩԺյ
ǲ˭㶼ز˶ãΣҶҪǰԳԭΣһң
֪ͫһʳָߵԽԽȴԽԽһ£ֱӾͽżӲ̴ľߵһָ״С
ʱһɲǷ·ֱͣͦĿޱȡ
һԱҵĹ籩̫꣬Ҳ̫ϬˡǰŲŴӺɺ뿪Ѿó󶼻ıҵ뵽ײ֮УΪʼԼصĶһж̫̫ˣ˵ûһڱָӣͳһУǾԲܵġĿľҪҳˡ
죬忴⣬ʥʾǲμ糯ûʲôرľٶʵϣһֱԼķʽ۲һУȡϢ
ԴдԼķ񣬺ɺ뾩ʦ̫Զ޳ĪڣҲֵˡ
ˡ
֪˶ãָãŤͷ򿪵Ĵ⡣ಣһ̣ƺӦâһӰĴ鷿
μү
һ鷿ӥһۣһӰһڵأϹϾ
ڶֵӷǳİǴ̬ӥԷǳ𾴣һհȻӥյĲ¡
ʱ䣬ӥԼķʽһص鱨磬˽£嶼Թļ˶ˡ
ô
̴ľУͷҲ̧
үķԸһжѾ׼׵ҪһУȫ
ӥϥأһ˵ţһߴӻͳһľڣ˫ţĵ˹ȥ
֪ˣѶϰɣԲκй¶ȥ𣿡

ǣү
ӥӺܿ鷿뿪һжָƽȻһ˿ȴѾھʦɢ
ʱ仺عȥ֪ҹĻ٣һֱҹʱ֣Ҳû뿪ҵĸۡ
߰ɣѾԼˡ
ţ
ҸۡʮĵطӰܺ󷽻֣һݣѸʧ

ת֮͵˵ڶ졣
嵽ﳯϣվڰеĩβԸоպȻͬһ˫˫ĿⲻʱķĿ͸һ˿η塣
ϵĳҲͱˣĿָ˺ܶ࣬վڳϵʱĿ⼫ܹķ򡣶ƽ͵̫ʦһ٣һֱҪʼų֣ȫɫѿޱȡ
ôһټǵ棬̫ʦƢҵסˣ⼸Ͳμ糯ˡ̫ʦôǾܵģҲԲϣԼһëͷСӡ
ĳǱѹֵʱ򣬷佫ߣһȴϲࡣĳ佫ϵѹС࣬Ҳ֮ǰࡢ̫ʦԼڶĳִѹˡ
ĳ̶ֳϣһЩ佫ңʱĽӺɺأ˳ãıõ֣Ҳһջ


1243 ķ
ּ࣬˳
߸ߵĵϣʿ쳹С
£б࣡
һĳУÿյĳٴοʼˡ
۾ĬĬţٷԣƳ︷컪ɽڴ棬˲żüãҪ֡
ʱ仺ȥһһԾ˵ٶȲϵؾ飬֪еѾ˴롣
£бࡣ
ʱһڴ𣬻ɳԪֳ˰壬ͻȻС
ǰ΢־Ȼα۾ϣ볯֮УԾӸλ³£׷ף
ڵһƬƽͣǳԪһ䣬һذը£ڳɲٹʱûзӦǰ֮УЩ½ĳȴıɫ
Ϸ̫ʦ糯ʱ䶼һ̫ʦǻ׻ױò԰ޱȣûа˿Ѫɫ
ƣԪôĵӣ˼ô󳼶Ϲ𣿡
ϣһŭȣ̫ʦһվ˫ĿŵµĳԪ뷢ţ
ԪͬţǿǴ޴£㵣𣿡
ʱҲ˳ݺݵųԪֱҪһ
λ伶ͬʱ³ԪҲ΢΢ɫо˾޴ѹ
ʱҲ׷׼˶ԳԪĿʷ֮Уһʱ֮䣬Ԫ˹ģһɫò԰ޱȡ
壬ǣȻܹ̫͵ѵܵû𣿡
ʱһڳվڰĩβͻȻˡһɲǣͺһɺԳԪĿʷʱС˲١̫ʦɫ䣬¶һɼɵɫ
ֻʮ꣬һ仰˵ֻδɣ̫ʦݣȻܰǼʶֶΣ̫ʦϹ۵Ĵָ˹˼ɣѾȫҰëͷСˡ
ĶǴƵŹ֮ڳ϶ʮʱ䣬һôסҲҪó´˵˭ɣ
嵭ĿǼ
һ˵ȺʱɵһһסȷʵֻŵԪû˭ΪƵسȷʵδԵļ˵㡣
£飡漰ϵĴ󳼣٣΢ΪӦõһ´ǴģҲܻλһסӰб΢Ϊ²޲ס
һʱһֱûôڵҲӰ˳ڵ
ˣ
һ䣬öʱž̫ʦɫһ±Щ԰ˡһ࣬һİĳɫҲʱüȻɵҲ֪Ԫһǵģʹߣǡǡ
´ˣ˵ɣҪλˣ
忪ڵ
ǣү
õĹԪʱ󶨣漴תųʥʵλһ
£Ҫų飡
ԪһָͻȻָһԣοǰ಻ԶһĳǡǡҲڳ顰ó
̫͵Ƶģܹ뵽ˣ޲ͼ󣬳Ǹ⣬󲿷ֶӽʮ꣬ôλõģ;͸ˡ
ǸųĹҲʮͣᣬֱţƫƫ֮ǰδ˵֡
ˣ
ԪĻָԼųĻȻ򶨡ĿԹۣͷһ¡
´ˣǰڵطемɲ顣⣬³볯ã֪ʶǳһֱҵҵӲи֪´˺£´˶³ɼ̫Ϊأ´˾̫ᣬʤΣԸǹ˳άõĺг
ųһܿУĶųһ
ƣųվҵҪ˭ıݡ֮ϣ£Ѳɻ𣿡
ų䣬һ׷ԲԵϳ̲סվ˳ȳ⡣
µȣʥҲ㣡
һĳҲվ˳ֱָ壬ȳ⡣
ԹۣЦǼʶ̫ʦͬͬţϵյ̫ʦ⡣ֻȻӣ廹ΪԼԩˡ
̫ʦǸ
Ժжһͷ
糯ҲǰϵģһֱڰеĩβϸԹۣҲһЩôİ׽һϵĹ滻̫ʦ˽һֲò˵ǣһĹ֪֪ףһĹȴȫ֪飬һ˹
̫ʦΣƺԶԶԽһС
Щ֪ĳͳ̫ʦԼĳһϵõķʽʹһЩ佫¶ԻΪԩǡ
ϧһ׶ûã
Ц
׼Ǿܷⳡġ̫ʦЩĳķӦʱ˿ȫ֮С
ȻҪ֤ݣҾ͸ǣ
һãͻȻӰ֮˳ȥ˫һ죬ľڣӥȥռ콻ġ
Ŵ˻׾ڣһʮǰصϾڣһǰ񿤵ľڣ׾ھȻһ¡εǣصشƫƧʧޣܶڶʧٻ߸ˣΩŴ˵Ļڡ񿤵ģҲŴȷʵιֻж̶һµʱ䣡Ŵˣ㻹ͻһһǨ
һ䣬Ťͷų飬Ŀޱȡ
ˣ
е׾ڣųϵѪɫ˲ɢȥò԰ޱȣ촽û뵽Ȼóľڡһ̫࣬ʦҲ˲ʧȥ򶨡
ôܣ
̫ʦݺݵ߬ȭͷɫޱȡ
ʵʤ۱磬ֱһ̣֪бұģ׼ĻҪ֡׾ǰųı粵ɫҪǣõȷʵʵľɡ
ܵļƻҲȻѰ
һɲǣüžʱҲ촽һֶ˵öѻȸ֮ǰָϳʱĿˡ
嵯ҲͰˣȻųľڶ㵽ˣ֤ȷ䣡
ʲôﳯбʱٿڣֱǻ
̫ʦʲôҪ˵𣿡
Ци߾ڣŴϷ̫ʦ
̫ʦɫ԰ףﻹ˵ʲôڻػ֮ǰĻ


1244 Ļʹ
Ҫû㣡ųǻɣǳ͢سĽ룬ǽˡҳ͢ҲȷʵŽܳĳ佫ͬһسڣ֪ʲôʥʵ棬޴£ϷŹ㣡
̫ʦɫ
֤ݶóˣҲû˿취ˡ٣ų鶼ܵ顣
ٲڼ٣ٰҲ棬̫ʦ᲻ɣ
Ϸ̫ʦȻЩˣŪֶΣֽţ᲻ףǰֻСѡ
̫ʦģﻹж֤ݣ죬ʱһ͵͢
ˣ
̫ʦ𣬶ʱҲ˵һ࣬ųɫǲҰֽ
£޻˵Ϊ֤ףԸܳ͢ĵ顣
ų˳ųϷһ
ˣѾɲˡ

ɫ˫֣һӳ˳
͵һĳ᲻ͬһ쳯ʱĳžһ˫˫Ŀ⿴ıӰη塣
̶ֻ죬ƽ²ȻֻμγᣬǵһͰ̫ʦָȫһߣ˵ڶ죬ֱӽ롰óĻų׽ֶονС
ʱѾû˸Ұʮ߰ˣӳвʱҲ˿صζ̶һʱ䣬Ȼ֣ڵ֮ǰӼ֣ѶԸˡ
壬ȻһжԤϵһų׽ɱӺסĹ١Ȼʱ޷ѱĹǯƵľ棬Ҳ޷ı䱻Լǲ񡮲ó䱾ˡ
һҴҵĽŲ۹֮³Ѹٴ岢
壬ԵǼ鵽Ѿаµʱ䣬³һֱüչΪ飬޷ά棬Чܵǯơĳֱ֣һ⣬ڿҲֻܴĿǰĽ֡
ܹǱ߿²ưոݣ
³ʵ
³ͺԶԶ壬УԼûз֣֪䣬Խ
ҲҪ³˵ģ̲֮ϵУϣ³ܹú̲֮Ĺϵ֣
ˣ
Ļ³ͫһıɫ
壬˼ǡ
ǲᣬǲɲвʮϳпְܱȥʲôǲܵģ

֪ˣ
³һһɲǣĿޱȡ

ϵܿ챻׵Ժ󣬴ӻʹ뿪һѸٵ
ų飬Ҫġ
ӻʹûֱӷңתȥһǰδ߹·
үų𣿡
ոãʹȸһץֹӡ
ô֪
ųûиʲôˣȸҲܽʹǲô֪ġ
ٺ٣ү˵ɱңȥݷʦʱпʦϵİδӹųʱҿһۣЩĳļ뿪ʱһ˵ûڣȻǳˡ
ȸ
ⷬ岻üͷһȸʦȻӥˣҲûϵȸȻô飬ȻڳϣһĶߣϾͿˡ

˵ͷ֪ȸԸõ𰸣ǾԲ׷ģԾͽϵ飬Ը˵һ顣Ȼ˲٣ȸΪ鱨ͳ죬Щ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ү֤𣿡
ȸ壬ɫһڴ
ûУ
Ȼһ̣Ļشȴȸʼϲ

ȸɫһ˶ʱסˣ𰸾Ԥ֮С
尲ڣ˫Ŀ΢գһȴûн͡ҵ׼ôãһжиɻųϣ嶼Ƿ˾ţ֮õġƾһľڣԶԶųǶ˵ҪĴǶһų
ϣ
˼ʱ⣬ͻȻһɧңȸŭӵ
ʲô֣
𣿡
ͬʱ⴫һϸԡ
ˣ
⣬ȸ˶ˡķԸһ·Ȼһ·е֪ô£·һ˵ϸͻȻ˳һססȸ
ϸɫһֻֻӣǲҶĿȴȫȸϡ
ڽϳ̱۵ʱǼΣյģϸͺȫоΣһ
ɸҳһ
һɲǵϸˣһסһ߶ڣ
ɸҳһ
ûж˵ϸٴε
ڳסˡ
ڣʳָߵ۾΢գû˿ı顣ʱ˿̣򶨵Ŀ¾ˡ
飬һ죬ǰ޷ԶͻȻ򿪡尲ڣһۿϸˣϸϵһŲյΧȹͷһ˿Ȼƣһ˫۾峺͸ȫеġ
ڼˡ
忴ϸ˵û˿Ĳ˵ҲǶһϸ˵ġչеһжȸ˵ĸо
ɹˣҳУȷʵ©ץסţҲûӮ
ϸǣ˵Ļȫƥ䡣ȸϣһݣӦҲ֪ǰϸйŹ֣ʲôͨˡ
еһжİɣ̫ʦ࣬ټеĴӣ˶Ϊã㵽ʲôˣû뵽ƾھȻԽЩͨͨ˵ɣô࣬ʲô
ɫأżɽ
ӺɺʦеһжͬһԺǽһų飬ƬƳһգʹĻʹòԼ
ǺǣҳĿĺܼ򵥣ϣ
ϸ˿ڵ
ʲô
ȻЦ
ƣܱĵԼʳ𣿻Ƿֹ㣬ó۹δΪһƬ֮أ
սܽһ𣿼ܻһʱ̫ƽܱ۹һսֹڴʳݺ۳ңɱ԰ƵսʿΪӢۣûҵأûʳ


1245 Ļʹ
սôˣôưոݡڴ򲻹㣬ʮ֮أ֮أ֮һᷢս޲ϵļԶɻ⣬һԶⲻᣬ󣬵ùĻݵİաƬʬҰѪɺӣѵ뿴𣿡
ϸ˿ӣ
Ǻǣ
ϸ˵ĻڣͻȻ¶һ˿Цݣ
սȷʵ޷е⣬Эܻúƽ𣿴Ӻɺôʳ󣬲óԶֽţԷ书ǻɸҩ𣿡
Ц
⣬ϸƺĻסˡһ̣֪Լˡϸ΢΢һе峺͸Ѹȥû
ô£ңô
ϸ˿һץŵһϵȸ壬ãȻ飬һ˯˺ܾãȻγһ㡣һ̣ϸѸɿ굽·ߵȺʧ̣ȸһֱϸʧȸҲԺˡ
⵽ô£
ȸΪϸʲôٰģһ̣֪ԼˡǰһУоޱȵĹ죬ֻ尲ڣƺϵʲôɫƽޱȡ
ߣ
嵭
ǣˣ
ȸƬ̣Ѹٵĳ鶯ޣǰȥʱȸҴҵƳһֻۣܵȺָָ㣬
ȸͷƤ飬еĹиǿˡС󣬴ûһգо˵Ĺ졣
ݣ
ƥɫëƶ㣬ǰʻȥŲʮףȺһƬɧȸϣӸ£ֻ·һɱ⣬һаһһѽеϣȺߵϣס˵ȥ·
ǿʶԱƱǽ취Щ곯͢սϣ˹أگԶͻʺԸ߾ʮϰδϹֶһʳսûм٣ԽԽӾ磬֮ǹ֮ûǩЭ顣֮以£˫֮໥ƽﻥʵ´ͬôսֻʡ塢ǡţǽһиɸķţ
·м䣬ϻиո壬ȴɫޱȣһ˵Ļ

ھĲĵطȸֹͣǰһԽԻˡ
Ȼȴûκεı仯
ǺǣЭƵģиǩЭΣǾǣʲôʱǲѪ⣿һֽͿԽеˣôôʿǧǰѾˣڣֻǿŻӮöֵأֻ֣Ȼʵǣģǽұǣʵöֵأöֵ裡
Ȼ̩ɽǸصĴʲôԲӦ䡣
ϣ͵ҡһͷѹһΧãȻ߻Լ̡
ǰƬ֮һͻȻУ
߻ħˣ֮ˣΪǣ˶ŷĵǿʳ޺죿Ȼ佫δսɳǼ֪һǧǰص۹һͳ£ƾǿݵһǿĵ۹ⲻҪĻ֮𣿵սͳһ£ȴʧȥģ󲻹̶ʮأ㱻Ʒصޣ
Լʻ߰ʮףһ߰СŮɫĽȹŴأͻȻһָָ壬ǳ
ΧȺһƬȻھΧȺע⵽ͬѰһĻȸʹסսΨ˵ֱߵСŮڵĸоѾǹˣǼȵĲڸ֪һ̻ʲôˣʲôطˡ
˵ϸˣ򣬽ֱǺ«СŮǸ˼ֱ޿ײ룬һȸоһĺ⣬ֱľ
һʱһʱص۹һҲһֱǴս֮УԹĶ֣ҲֻǱūѣ˵ԴʳôǿĶ֡ΧǻǻӣѵԸԷ𣿶ս֮˲ƣΪսķʽ󣬴սпܣԼȴʧ٣սȴʮڼƵĻƽЩƽԷڣԳ͢ɲѹܹư
Ϊս޽ˮ·֪ж䣬ЩʹþԽķ٣ЩֻǱɽһǶѣսжսսõľս
һƽ
Ƕսսսε޷ıһ㣬Ӱȡ֮еˣӦˣΪʲôҰĻƽ˸ʳԭ򡣡
ʱ߰СŮͻȻѣԶһ̴ŻͻȻһ¥˳ָ
ˣ
仰ͫһɫȻñޱȣ
Ⲣӣսʿͷ­ѪģûȨȥãǴӦõģô֮ʣǮӦѾ˵ƣڽʿĸյ˽ѧУ·¶ɳǳءЩǮûκιϵʲôʸǰ˵
Ϊɱ¾Ǯٶ࣬ҲǻǸְɣҵѾɣڸõҳˣֻʵǣпʵ´ͬҵ֮һܹؽ˶ǣǧ󣬳ΪƵӢۣ̣
ʮ⣬ɫ֣أϣͺĳֳŵһȻĻӦֻһЦ
ܣ
仰Զɫһ
ɱҲоͷѾɱ˰ˣѵ𣿾ʲôʱŻ֣
һӰȺ߳
̫ƽȻյ
尲Ȼ˵䡣
ˣ
һɲǼ䣬ʱ·ֹ˷һƬţ룬·û˵ֻһۡ
ΪһˣͬĿģڿҴˣ
һ̣·˶ʩһ͸Ѹʧͬһʱ䣬ǹΧľѸʧš
ž
ޱȵļž
Χ·ʱͣһûһ˵ã·γѣȺˣȻعǰ·˺ҲãȻŷ׷ɢȥ
ǰȸһֻһ亹
ˣǸ𣿡
ȸعͷųڵ
š
˵ͷ


1246 ţͯ
Ǹˡ
ȸͷ˿ĭЩŵ
һֱʹԣһֱĻ󣬲ٿһе𣿡
̶һ·һǧ׵ľ룬ȴ˰յĹȻյʱȸʼնûмԷ֪ΪʲôȸȴֲֿĸоԷһڣȴֺ޴ڣָоëȻɵѡ

ƽͬҲ˼һνųɽ𻢣ڽԷĻ˳ȻֻǸս棬ûмԷˣѾռ˲Ϣ
һΣȻڴ˾˿ѷɫԼˡ֮ǰ̸ʱͨѰҵԷı壬ȫԷˡ
ӦһΰͲסһξɣϧҡ
˵ţӹһĨĹâ
㻹̫˵㰡
ͻȻ΢΢¶һ˿ЦݣԷȫԼݣǱ忴һ˿˿ȻμĲ˵ϸˣ·ֻ߰СŮ߾¥߳ˣݲͬͬ˵ĻҲͬ˵ȴͬġ
һ˿Ըıò˵ǡԼ˼άϰǸı䲻˵ģںͶԷֽУѾжϳ˶Է͡
ˣʮ꣬ᳬʮ꣡
屳ųڣָٴʶߵ
һֱھϷȥһЩѾԲ׽ǸĻ󣬲ٿһеĶӡȻѾ֪Էͣеɻ󲻵ûм٣ԽŨˡ
λ֮ǰࡣ̫ʦָÿһ˶ݷǷҪǣԲͨ˿ġܶܶ࣬Ωû뵽ǣԷȻֻһʮˡ
ʼϲ
ʵ벻ԷΪʲôôͣԲ̫ʦָӣʹôΪãʵ˷˼
ʻǰȥ·ϣȸԵҲںĳбĿĬĬ˼

ûзңһ¥ǰͣ
̫¥
Ǿкպ֪ľ¥Ϊоۼ˽Ϊ¥ˣºպ壡
̫¼󲻾ã¥Χľ¥Ҳ¸죬Ѿﵽԭ屶С֮ߡװ޵ĸûʣµš
ſڣ¥ĹԵſӭӣĹҡ
̫¥𱬣ÿһ춼нͲͣʲôʱ̫¥أŵķԶΪ׼ġ
ƿ߽ȥһĬĬţ˴ͷű£Ȼźᣬȴ룬һ֮ȴһŨƣֻһ˲Żڵ̫࣡
Ӽţͯμ£
Ӱһ壬ϹϾһ񣬼ֺ֮ܡ
ţͯ
ЧʱĻҪ죬ź̸ᵽţͯ£ѾԼǰϵ̫¥ǾʱͲͣʵǸţ֮ͯԼ
Ǹٴĵһ𣿣
ϸǰĻ¹٣⻹һμţ֪ͯΪʲôƳļر࣬ģģڱʥʵʱ
Ĺεգ׷ǧŵһһ¸ʿ߹˼թǸȨı̰ޱߣֵ֥۹󽫶թıϱ߹ֶһʥθУʥңӦԣÿϳ˼ţͯţ
ţͯ͸ʿҲͬǺһֱųҪЮ֥ıЩƣ˶ǿҵ̰ǺͱȣǰţͯһɲԹɫĵʣұ֮ϸء
֮ԼǵͨĹϵϵΪģΪĵӴ۾ϣߵڰףһҰܣ˵Ǵʤ̵ĵز۾ϣҸʥʵģ⻹ǵһˡ
Ҫǣ黹ǣһλƵĵڶʵȨ
󶼻ث
д˲ضȸ棬ϲ˰ɣ
˰֣ڷ£ͬʱʾţͯ
Ǻǣү̫ˣʲôֱӷԸҾˣòô鷳ֻҪүԸ飬ţͯһȫԸү׵ģ
ţͯͷһķе
д˿ˣ
ϵʲȸţͯϣָԼһĵ
Ҳмѯʴˣ˵˸ոȥһݣثŴˣ
ˣ
仰ţͯԭһİķУȻһ̣˲ɫ
ˣ
ţͯŶ壬ɫǲǰүݣھˡõϢҪ忪˵һ仰ţ֪ͯĸһ¡
ţ˲ؽţȿڲ裡
һ˸Ķ
үҲ֪˵ʲô
ţͯʵ
ֻǵȻһЦţͯǵһνôĻ¸ԲȣԼֻһ䣬Ϳʼˣͽ飡
Ǻǣţ˵ĵǲСثŴ˵Ǯ㶼գ
һڲ裬ᴵ˴ĭĵ
¡
һ䣬һɲţͯȣŵ˶ӵ˵տʼţͯлֻ²Ļô仰ĿѾ¶ˡ
󣬴ˡں˵ʲôʲôŴ˵Ǯ
ţͯǿ򶨵ȻĴ
Ǻǣ
ƳһۣȻһЦҲȥ粵
һսɺʤսܣʧأô飬㶼ڵ˵ǰ׵ģر£ǵӲС
䣡
仰ţͯʱ亹ֱͨһ˵ϡ
үңүҡ
ţͯɫƹӣһѱסȣ˺û겻壺
ݵ޹أثŴ˱ҵģҪǲǮôҪɱңȻαװɺɵģ
ţͯ˷·ɸһĺڵأ˲ʪһƬث¸£֪˼٣ث֪˲ȫثĹʮս
ô벻ôص飬ô֪ġ
忴ţͯԼǰ겻ӣв̾ϢһԼֻթһ£ţͯԼͰеϸϸȫ˳ֻһ㣬ţͯͱϡЩ¾Ͳһġ
٣ϾͲǮԳȵöࡣ
һʡܶĹеһжѾװˡ
Ŵˣĵӿ󰡡Ѿ㾯ˣ㻹ûȥ
ͷипѣʵܾ֮ǰ廹˸֮ǵʱ򣬾Ѿ˸ثȥһţ£ͬʱСİɽϧǷʯ󺣣ӽثǽ֮߸ˡ


1247 ¼
ţͯ飬ҲΪʲôôثУλӿԶеһʹثλӵִѾԶԶԽһУʮǰûλãʮԸԽǿˡ
ݾˮһܣܲثָӵģй¶ȥôثҪʦλӵξͳˡ
ثζ޷̵ģҲգ¸ʥʹߵԭ
ƽĶۣث㲻ʲôˣԸ꣬ͳ첿ºʷЩúԶ̸ʴȣĳЩʱ򻹻巣¡ϴھʦĸܣҲ˵̫áëҶȨǿҵثȷȷʵʵǴƵҳɣڴĹ޶ġ
ΪĶثսӰ̫ٱá
࣬ˡثԸʲôȱݣͳȷȷʵʵ۹Ҫģ˹֮սثҲɳǧ̍ǧݾҲԼرʱˣֻǵֵܰز嶼ûס
ݵӣʲôʱȥģ
ʵثѾעˣֻϧȵֵʱţͯݷؾʦѾмˣʱ㣬ثѱϢѾʥˡ
۾ϣɱͷĴҲثһ亹һ̣ţͯĻشȴΪ⡣
үӵ黹ѹţûύȥ
ţͯͷ­õ͵͵ģ
ʲô
仰һ͵ֱ
һʥȥݵģ͢Ĺӱ߻ĻһʱҪϢر£ǰȥµʱ򣬲֪Ϊʲôʿ߹⡣߹˵΢ҹٴȥ£㱨ݵ顣
ţͯڵϣԭԭһһʮĽľ˵˳
ⷬΪ⣬ܿ죬뵽ʲô侳ʧܣµԽԽأγᣬ嶼ܹоõʥʵϢһ˿ңȻţͯΪԭűʿ֮⡣
̫ˣĻһлвȵĻᣡ
ָʶߵ
ث飬ѱ飬ж֪
忪ʵ
Ѿֵزţͯﻹа˿һж˵˳
֪˻࣬ثдҲλкʹӿʱ֪
ʲô
ӵ֣һ𣬴ΪԾ
ǰ廹ô⣬֪ӡָ̫ʦȫ
飬ô֪ģ

ʵǰѾֲֵĳ͢ˣҲǱΪӡαһ˾˼˲԰չأҾͽⶨƪȽӹĿһ飬ȵʥʵʱܳһ飬ǲ
ţͯڵϣɪɪ
ҲΣǵѣүζҪҰ
˵仰ţͯıסĴȣסһһ
Ұثѱ飬һΪƶ֪˺٣ΪثȨơݣثһ죬ٴܹѹټثвȣ顣
¶۾֮ͬСɣţͯѾȥ󣬵Լʲô³ˡ
ţˣ㻹֪֪֮򣬷ȴֻٴһ;
̴ľе
ţͯսսȻҲ֪ٴʲô˼ǰҲûг̷ʲʲô¡
ţˣҩڣҸĽݵһһʮ㱨ȥ⣬дһŸ󶼻ثѾ¶̹͢סôһлüĻʢʮ꣬û˸ƭʥʣ֪ʲô³
ףףū֪ô
ţͯɫֵ̿
ûж˵һλվţͯ飬ζˡƾƭʥһ㣬ûܹȵڣòˡ
ܿ뿪˳ȥţͯڵϣ·һ㡣ϵ۴ϵ£ﵽȫʪ
߰ɣһԵģºܿԲ˼ˡ

ǣˣ

̫¥ֱվһӰĵȴţ
ˣ
Ѹǰӭȥ
ôˣ
ʵ
شˣд󶼻Ѿ׼׵ʱԼݣ
̫¥Ĺţ̸ͯʱǾڸڣӹʱǾѾдһš
ܺãӥȸھͼĳȥɣ

Ǵˣ
ʱ仺ȥ̫¥뿪ûֱͣ˼С
ҹɫأҾĵģѾߺ˶Ѿߣ鷿һյ򡣷ڣ˿û˯˼ƺڵȴʲô
ˣ
֪˶ãͻȻһϸ΢鷿⴫

忪ڵ
յĴŲһ˿϶ӥһ£·һ㣬
ӥˣ
ھ岽⣬ӥϥأ
鵽𣿡
۾
ˣԤϵһųЩ˹Ȼ˶ǵһֱЩصڵĵطȵʱˣǵ˽ȥѰ˵ʱ
ӥ̧ͷһ˵ţһߴӻȡľڡһһĵ˹ȥӹһݵʱϻûʲô仯Ŀɨڶݵڵʱüͷһʱ΢΢ɫ
ˣǵ˰Ų鿴Щڳϵʮǰڣȫ÷ǳոµֽдɣǳԣǵȵϵʱһоѾȻͬЩֽŴӼͳ̶ԼӦöǷǳµֽģǲ֪ʲôֶΣȻЩֽͬʮһ
ӥ̧ͷ
ɽ𻢡ֻ߳һų飬ʹ˫ĻٿصĺҲסԼԳ
ԷҲ˱仯ųʹǸܵ˾޴в㾡ȫһʱڰ©ˡ
ˣ治֪ôģʮֽűضѾѡ࣬ЩһáЩ˵ֱδţ
ӥ
ֻһЩȾϣͻѣʲôֶ̫Ρ
һƽ
ӥһãȻҲûйĽֶ͡һ粻ʲô̫Ķֻɶѣ˵Ƿ¹š磬֪˻ǲࡣǱߵЧʻ˾ȡ


1248 ߣ
ˣˣһ¡
ƺʲôӥüͷһͻȻ̧ͷڵ
ո³ﴫϢųɱˡ֮ǰһţȷʵαԼľڣҽеϡƲ̫ʦȺų黹ᵽ֮ôȫһƬȭȭ֮ġȻֶдⲢймҹ棬˴ͱܳͷϣ²Ҫ̫ʦ֪ĳ
ӥԭԭĽųеһЩ˵˳
ʲô
ӥĻüͷ͵һѾ³кϣ³ӱɳֹ֣⡣û뵽ųȻɱ
һжβ֮ƣһ¿ɾƲøɸɾˣ
۾鷿һ
޷ȷųԼ˼ǸٿһеĻһСǺ壬ųǱߣûκεİѱˡټЩɵľڡ
͢Щ³ֵİĳиɻ壬Ҳô
֪ˣȥɣ
ĬãǣٶˣѾ޷ı䣬Ҳֻܽ
Ҹ㣬뿪ٴ򿪣סϵݾԲй¶κ֪
ǣˣ
ӥӹңܿ뿪ˡ
ųǲˡ
ָߵš
ԷķӦԼĻҪ죬ãеһжԤ֮УųҲֻŻǵġ
߻ôߴ磬ЩҪرͲܡ
ȻѾ˾ͲȥҰ㾾㵽Ǻηʥ
建ر۾鷿ڽָƽ

Ĵøڵڶϵġ
ң
һ·糾ͣûԶԶĴ˹
ʱ䣬ѧںӡеѾ췭ظı仯·磬ʮ㡣
һʼʱֻֻһСУξ仯ֱ֮ࡣһж͡
øм鷳㡣
һ־Ϳżɽ
Ǻǣ˵ɣֻҪܰ쵽飬ߣҲ
ֵ
ЩϣҪøǷ˾ˣҵʦ˿ڣصЩʮҵھʦеʱ䲻£ھʦС
ָָϵ
ǡ
գգ۾һʱסˣǳ֣Ҳʱ䣬ֵĪںɺǼˡ
Ѿ鵽Щ˵ټˣ
š
˵ͷ
û⣬Ҫҵ˾档ϣøٶȲ鵽Щˣҵ伮ڡ
ƶԷֻǵһڲķԷΪأǶ˵ֻҪ¶һβͣͱ
Ҫھʦ֮ҵһʮˣڴ룬Ƕ˵һʮˣһңΧСϺܶࡣ
ܹ̫ʦָЩպյˣԷҲ϶Ƿ֮٣αװݣҲضС
ǰ뱲ھʦ̾˽⣬֪Ҳû˵һԺȻԷǸİߣҳھʦʱԲᳬ¡
ȥѰңԲ࣬ᳬٸԳǷ˾Ҫɸѡ⼸ٸ˺ķѵʱԲ̫
ˣͽȥɣ
ֵ˵ͷܿعһǼֶֽû˵ߡǸĻ󣬲ٿһУȨĻ֣һ壬¶ŭֿųģЩ屾˸ӷߺޡ
ÿȥҲ죬ƨɶûȾͼҴҵ뿪ִܿ˳Ƿ˾
˶ţٶȰ˶ɳȥ
ʮ꣬ңˣֵʱ䲻£ЩңߣҲҪǸ˸ҳ
ֵǷ˾죬иߵȼĽ춼˹Ƭ֮սףгǷ˾еʿȺһ׷ױ˳ȥ
ƵĳǷ˾ʿһӴĻѸٵת
ƶǣΪݵģĺ˻ģݸصİգסųˡôӴ˿ڣ˸ĶǣԳǷ˾ҪչҲ£Ȼʦ˿ڶ࣬ȴԶûôࡣԳǷ˾ȫΧ֮ڡ
ҲżڸĬĬĵţѾȥصһ죬ȴյĽ

ͬʱݴأһֻϸСӥȸޱȣӶ£û밲С
ˣ壬в𣿣
еţث͵һȭϣӲޱȵĽثȭ£黨Ťݴأ
飡Ҳ飡Ϣ˭ȥ֪һҪʬΣ
ثҧгݵ˱ŭޱȡ
ǣˡ
ثһ԰ɫѸתȥ
ǴˣʦǱô죿ţͯѾ¶ˣôҪЮǡ
һСŲ
쵰ôѵҪһСҪЮϳ˱£û˸ôңݣϷһ죬һж˵㣬ҾͲҰڲƽ£
ثĿ䣬ŭɶ
Ǵˡ
磬ǻû˵꣬飬һӴݺݵ׵ǽϡ
壬Ϸǿˣ˹֮սϷ򲻼ǰӣ֧Ԯǧ̍ǧݾȻôңϷв
¡¡ثķŭв
ҳ׵ڸ
һɲķأҲ

ʱ仺ȥ֮󣬳Ƿ˾Ŭ˽
飡
һϡڣص鷿ϣ·ܲ֨µ
Ҫȫˣ˵ܹҵʮ˸ˣͨͨ³ھʦ㡣һЩ⣬ʮ˸棬ʮ˶ʧˣȫټ
Ĺøվڷڵ
ţ
Բɵüͷ
Ҳû취£ʦ֮ڶ࣬ߣǳǷ˾ҲЩ鲻ˡƳҪ뾩ʦͱС·ЩڳǷ˾мصģѾȥǵˡ
ֵ
ûйϵֻҪһʧģͨͨҪ⡣Щ£ĽҾˡ
嵭
ͱø뿪ϵľѸٵķ
ڣҿ®ɽĿɣ


1249 ָث
ʮ˸ˣһСĿۻ϶ϣһСɽѡ
κܣҲһ˿˵ֻҪκοɵĵطᲶ׽Էµġӡ
̶ʱʱ䣬ϵľھټһ룬ֻǹһ飬ųһٶ˵ɣʣµֻһٶʮ˶ѡ彫Щܿ콻˹ø֡
óǷ˾˳һٶʮ̲һ顣⣬ʮȦģģ鷳øɳǷ˾ͽеĸ֣ץɷάʦȫ̸ǵʵ
˵Ŷ˶٣ŵ
ǽ̸ʱע鿴ǵ󣬿ûīɫӡǡ
˵ţԱߵıʼϣȡһ֧ʣʣһֽϻһصīɫӡǡںɺģȡԼȨҸϵӡǡ
һģһ
סҪǲ
岹
İɣ齻һȥ
ֽӹֽͬʱĻᣬܿ뿪ˡ
ʱ仺ȥǷ˾ٴŷѸٵת

ϣһ鴣徲ģԶһ峺С
ԻΪԵ£Ʃ籱ǹ֮
ԻܶȣС˱ȶܡ
ʣʹ񾴡Ȱ֮ΣԻ֮ׯ򾴣Тȣңƶ̲ܣȰ

峿ʱ֣ɵĶһ纽ڶӡΪƪϵݡ
裬һµţ׵Ϣ
¡¡ͻȻһ峿İüͷ΢壬̧ͷֻԶʮǷ˾սʿڲǰͣ
ɽ𣿡
һǷ˾ʿʵ
ǣ֪λʱ룬кҪ£
к
ǷҪϣһЩ顣
Ϊ׵ľٵȡһ鲾һѯһ߼¼
һֱżȵĺȻ΢΢ЩãǾŵ顣е䡢ᡢʦĿģֻҪܹشĶ֪޲ԣ޲һ˰ʱʱ䣬վȴʼû˿ͷӡ
һȺ˺ܿ뿪
ˣˣûκεīɫӡǣӦòҪѰҵˣ
ȵ뿪׺Ϊ׵ĳǷ˾Ѹǰ
֪ˣȥɣ
һڴһ䣬Ƿ˾ľٹӦǣܿ뿪
ڣȵǷ˾ľ뿪תͷһԵ塣
Ѿһˣͨͨû˵Ǹӡǣô죿
ֿԵ壬Ŀ¶ǡ
Ƿ˾ʱһֱԱߣѡģʮˣɽڣȫ˵Щ
Աһ۾ţƺ˼֮Сеĵ鶼ûеõҪĽһ˵ƶƺȫʧˡ鿴ȴû̫ܵӰ졣
ûԷӦ׼
ۣ֮ͻȻ

΢𣬶ʱ˵
һԶҲ
ʱ䣬Ҳ˽һЩԶԷֳͣѾľٶ˾裬ºľǡ
øģεжһ񣬶Һܿ죬Ҿͻ¶вأ
嵭˫нرһɳĹâĻݵʱ򣬵ڶƵĳȴһҰ顣
£Ҷ࣬󶼻ث۾ϣ顣ˮһܣ۽ȴǵˣثȻʹл¸ϣʹ˵ǴʤثôϲΪ۾֮ﲻģ
΢µĸ淢ţȷɣ³飬ϳͣ
ʷҶֳ˰壬Ӱ֮˳ɫޱȡ
䣡
һʯǧˣҶϵȻ𶯣Ⱥĳ佫¶ɫ
ԣһֱԹۣһҲͫһĿ¶ɫ
ʥλʮأ书˫ųǧһۡʵλͱ˹Ϊǧһ۵ģСȻƵĸ٣ԼĶʢȴ˶ۼ֤ģĵҶηޱȡ
ʮǰʥͳһƾӣսܸеĶ֣ܱ׳ƳϴΪǿĵ۹ݵİͼʥʵУǰδеĵز
һ㣬ǧǰϵĴʼʵۣԼۣ˵ʥʵ书ǿޱȣǧΨһ޽ӽ侳Ĵڡ
侳
ݣʥ侳֮ǰǿߣҲ񻰰Ĵ˵翣ɿݵĴڡ
ڴƵ۹ʥʣ˾η˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ˵۾ϣһǰĴ󶼻ث
ôͿʼ𣿣
վڰеĩβųһƬȻͫ׶һǱܵģиоһıζ
ӺɺʼҾ㾡ȫôģɽģǴƸĴ󽫾󶼻ó鰸ѾƣȻ׵ưոݡ
ثǱҵĶʵȨݣӪùԼĵһثҲôĵӣҰѰ̣˵ʤ̣ѱ͢ˡܹ⵹ثܹɱӺȻ⽫ҸеĴ󽫾󶼻õľ档
Ժţһȡ
ƣΪѹƱֱ伫ثǵ۹Ĵ󽫾󶼻ǵ۹ͳ˧֮һͳսʮأ޲ˣս޲ʤ˹ص۹һٰܣıô꣬һƬ̫ƽ߾۹Խ׳һôܻһССɺ죡
һϳ̲סͻȻ˳
ثڱպյĶλڴսáһĽ˵˲֪˲
£м٣ˮ֮ϣʬأѪɺӣĽʿҲмҲܼð˵𣿶ثһֱԸ͢ȥ͢ľثȻǿֱǷ֮أ˵ĵﻹйʥԿԸ鷢ϣǺ𣿡
һԣһϳͬʱ˳


1250 ˽ţ
ڴƣ䣬ֻҪһģֻҪڳдʮʮģûв֪˽ثġŹ֮£ȫ˹ϵ࣬ثһĶײ
սãȥȨˣܱ˻عУ̫ٱثҲͺƲˡָΪףǴ࣬ثľλá
ƣʥʣث˼ɣǶثûвͻġ
ӡĳ֮Ǹٹ̡
ث۾ϣ֤ȷ䣡ϣ֤ó
ϳ˵ţǰ԰ǰļʷҶϵ
ৣ
ҶԴǣҲ˵һֽڿƮ裬ǰ
ثĲ飬Ǹʮĸ߲㽫죬ҲثľɲһĹε¼ҲϾثϹ٣ҹļ尾ΪЩȥĽǾ˵ӣثΪ˳죡
ˣ
ҶеֽУͻȻһƬţе佫ɫ˲٣΢΢ɫҲˣ鿪ЦȻǶȷ֤ݡ
ثǾĶʵȨĳ̶ֳھӰ죬嶼ҪԶҲԱġѾҵΧ֮нڽڰˣƼ䲻ˣثﶼ£˲ǽʲôĺ
£ǵˣثлʹţͯһ¹٣ϾȻ˽ǧԪȯЩǮ״ӺζҲ֮ǰţͯӸӣӵݾǵߵڰףث꣬ˮİܼ˵Ǵݣ͢͡Ϊ̬أԴЩϳ̹´ӿԳ֤һҪϳͣ
һĳӰ֮˳˵Ļȴѩϼ˪öثԽĲ
һƬţث粵佫һ̶˵һбثµĽҷžѾǼ䲻ˡοнԪȯ֤
Ǳµĵճӣκһ漰ӣһǰ϶¡ԽܣⶼǶòʵ
ǿ׳սİ󶼻ثݾȻˮҰܣɺһָ¹Ϊʥϡ
ôѵثһԺʲô˸Ҹҿ⣬һˣԶҪܵҵǯƣԷ书һĵ֣˭ǿ⣿
£һް߰׵ľϳгģڳ͢ʮأδ˼նľ档һϴϳʶŤͷڴ̫͵İĩβӽŵķǵӰ
һ᧿ΣȻ֪뷨ʵʣ˵ʲôܹıһУҲֻˡ
ˣ
ʱһĸоӿϳŤͷȻķãе佫Լһ˴ĩβǵӰ

г̾Ϣһĸоգثһֲһս޲ʤľسǾǿȻ˲Ұܡںܶ˵޷顣
ŴˣӢһͿһʱ
ҡͷѣսָثӹɵģĶһһƬͻңثʱ¤أΪȻȥݵġثҲɹĽ˰ҽԭŰɡͻʺ߾۹Ĵĸ֮ѹ
߾ԨһǰҲϻèֻм֮޻֮ʮʱ˯ޣΨثݾϳ
ǴӢۣ㵱ԼһЩ¼ҲԵ̾һ
ˮһսثԼڹ֪ô£ݾʵӦϣƣǾܸܰɺġ
ĲɽʯԺиһӰ
û⣬вѾʼȡжżثثȴԴʼպ޲ԼǸģֻϧ̫ԸˣԸκεĽ飬ԸΪͬʱƿغ˺ͺˣƿصеһС
ӹͲţԻġӥȸеӷͷ
һܹˣǻɣ
ԺͷܿŤͷһһ佫ƺһֱڵȴʲôĿ⣬һӶ
ʼɣ
ݹȥһɫ
£࣡
ѹֵʱһͻȻڴ𣬾˵ĿУ佫ֳ˰壬̤˳
һݵţǰ󶼻ثģϣܹʸ¡

ⷬͻڶʱһƬȻеĳҶڣһ࿴һۣȻ֮ɫޱȡ
ô£ôث׸ʥʵ˽ţ
Ҷд˷鱾ʮþȣڣȫԤϣһ֪ôˡ

ʱʥʵϺͻȻӴϴ͸¶һ˾ηɲǼһƬ佫˫һţͷȥ
ȵ̨ǰʿѸǰӹż㣬ݵʥ
һɲǳ΢ޱȡ˵ĿⶼеʥеϣһԴث˽еݡ
ʱ仺ȥϣʥɫϣϿκα飬ǶһЩϤʥʵϳ˵ʥԭüڿث֮󣬷滺ࡣ
£ˮ֮սثϣΪʥ֣Ӱʦ;֮·Բ뵽˻¸ʹʷҶ˵ȷɣثԴһϳͣǣثôҲ³˶֪ث֮λִʮǰһ⣬ثѾΪƵ࣬½֪
ʤ˱ҳ£ثΪ󶼻ΪºͣңثȻͿջǸ¶Ķ裬;֪̹ס覲褣ϣ죡
е佫ͷ
ҶΪ׵ĳɫѿ˼㡣佫һϯ򣬽ث״˼㣬ʥȥǷζԸثжͳʧˡ
ɫѿĻثżʱִﳯãҲζźܾ֮ǰдţ֮⡣ثм䣬ûзԼĹ̹йʥ𷣡һ뾡취Ҳڳµ©


1251 ثĸм
£ŴȷʵͿΪʱδҲˡžƾݡϣܹһ·䡣
һãҲʱС
£򲻿ɣƾһ˽˵ʲôثʹ¸ѱ飬Ҳǲʵ۾֮ﶼܰȻ£ԺЧǰ̣޹زɷԲймҹ棬ϣܹմɷϴã
ϣάɷϴã
سث

òץثϵĳ׷ŹҶǰ´ʣĳҲ׷׸ͣʥʴش
һԿһĻֻЦЩĳֻǴѣƺƽ٣ثΪĴ֮һζҪǻثһ飬ҲΪ˴ƣ׵óѡ
Ȼĳ䣬һڴ𡣲һΣȴ壬Ҳκһ˿ڣڴϿȻʥʡ
£֪ثȻѱ飬ݣǵҲûдﵽ۾ĵز
ϣʥʵޱȣ˵ĵһ仰ȴһ
޲ûյţۣͯǽˮ֮սԭԭ˵˳ܻ¸ҲûثܵĽԪȯѾ׳ѽΪǮثȻʱڹδɴϾй뷨ģ
ʥ˵ĻҶϵ˰ءʱʥ˵ԽأͷŵԽᡣʥѾڣٲʣҲ˵ʲô
ثϾǴƹ¹ͣʣ޾ثľɹث󶼻ְλΪݴ󶼻ٺ»֮꣬ڲø
꣡
ʥʵľ˷׷׹
ʥʴ׷κ¼һʥʵĻڣĽʲô˶ءΪľ
壬Ҿ֪Զôʧģ
ثڻΪģϣعͷڵķɫӺɺڣѾΣһ˵Ѿ˳ھһĶ롣ֻҪڣκη˾Ƶĸ߷
ȡĲԣ̾ѡ
۾֮ﶼС£ثûȥ뷨ѾǴ治ˣοȷȷʵʵ¸ţͯƾ㣬ʥʶĲĵطץסث֮λγִһ㡣
ʵϣʮǰүүŹֹثѾࡣҹʥʸᶨһ㣬ثҲͳ࣬ᷢˡһ˵ʥεġҲثΣܹĹؼ
֮ս˹֮ս̶һʱ䣬Ѿ÷ǳ죬ȫԶһ棬ֹս͢Ҳˡ
ӲɷϣڵѾϣ֧
ܿһ˦¶һ˿ЦݣӴ˳
ŴˣʶʱΪܣ飬Ӧ˰ɣ
̧ͷһ۶ķа
ث԰Ը¶ġţͯдţȰϴʱ弸̾յţһ١ثĳƢ֪ˣȴһʼƶһܹԲ
ԭܼ򵥡
ثȻԸȴ޴۾С£ô鱬ثܿס
ϣܹһǵһǰɣ
ЦЦܿ뿪ˡ
Ȼ󣬾嶼ûע⵽һĿһֱ޺޵Ŀɫѿѡε飬ʵˣΪָثģǡǡλá
ثΪģҲںԡָеĸ֪ܿ
ˣ߰ɣ
һͻȻԱߴһ֪ʲôʱ˹
ǺǣŴˣ룡
ָ΢΢һЦ崺磬еĺ޺ҲѸɢΡ

ƵĻʳǣϸʣֺ׳
һӻʹ߳ʱȴͳϽȻͬ
ˣ
ʳ⣬һɫԣһӰѸӭȥȴһߵȸǾòӥϹһɫӣԴӱھʦУҸ齨һ֧鱨ӣӥ˵ʶ࣬һѳϴȥǦ¶˱Ŀâ¶
ôˣ
ӥͫ΢ʵ
һǽ֮ڹȻͬ˵߳ŵǿ𣬳ϵѾġսŸոտʼ
׼𣿡
忴һӥأ֮ǰڳӽȻͬ
ӺɺʦһֱҪ֧Ļ֣һڿҪˮʯǸھҪǰ¶Ρ
شˣմ˵ķԸһж׵໹м죬ǾͿļˣ
ӥУһ㶼١
ӥȸУĵλԶԶһУԶԶԽԼ˭壬ԴƣĲ
ܺã
һѸǰȥ
Ǿٵϼɣ
һ䣬Ѹٵĵʧ
ݣ
ӥҲ˳λãеĳһžһУѸųǶȥ

뿪ʳţųǶȥͬʱһֻСٶȴޱȵӥȸͻȻ֮ʮ𼱵ĳŶȥ
ˣ㿴
֮ޣһĽҴ߽УɫصĽеż˹ȥثӹֻһۣɫ৵һ²԰˲١
亹
һӾʮأثμӹɰǧսҲٹΣգȴûһΣⱡһֽϼصΣաôһɲǣȻʲôûзثȴһŹǰӹһٵĸо
Ľ飬ϾĳһٵʮصĿ๦¾ҪΪС
ô
ثڤڤ˾ʦеǸꡣ
һΣľһ
飡ҳ飡Ҫ֪˭Һţ֮ͯй¶ȥ
ثеżһţŭɶ
ʦȻ𾪣𾪵Ļݵؽ磬Ȼ˸ұһ׽Ĳ
ǣˡ
佫ܿ뿪ثݴʷǰ

쵰
ͬʱھ밲ʮһɽϣӰΪ׵΢ָ֣һգֱķ


1252 ˮ棡
ҰɽƲһҪʬΣԼʷ֮飡
Ϊ׵бĺŭھʦйһ֮Ե׷ɱֵܰʷǡҲİɽܣۼһ佫
òϿЩ佫ÿһŨĺЩ˵Ϊÿһǿޱȣɽ纣ûеڻ侳صġЩɱŨңʬɽѪгմȾϵѪζŨޱȣЩڰеĵλͼޱȡ
ЩȫۼڰɽԣΨհ
ɽڲǷŭʱ죬ҶԸơǸˡҵֶԸȫƻˡȥֻҪǸڳ֮УǾͲܶԸ
һͻȻڸɽ飬һֻɫսѥͻȻбɲ̤˳գ֮䣬ɽǰͶһϢԣ·һĺӡչ¶ϢѾʥ侳һ
гһʲô¡ָоԺһǵĴУ
ʱһڶ˽Ա̤˹ϢȻ֮ǰ˻Ҫǿ
ɽԣܵ˶İɽһƬš
Ϲǣ
ﴫ¡֮ڵ΢֮ϣǣսɱ֮⡣ڵݣ죬Զ溲˼˳˼˹ֵ֪Ķ󽫡
رŴʳսܶײɱڵѾųƶһս񣡵λд֮ϡ
Ȼ˽¸˴ڣǵս̶ʱڽսۣϡ˹ټϺɺǿдﵽ֮ڣһ㣬ϰ˻ģĺܹ⡣
ǣҲмɵ
ڲ˵ʱ򣡡
ɽһƬѪ죬նĿһתֱܿӰ
ԿޣݵؽǲٴˣǵļƻʧܣǸˡܿͻ˹ɺǱѾźˣܰɣ
һɲǼ䣬˷׷Ӱ
һŰɫۣüë붼ǰ׵ģںжΪһˣȻˣҲˣϸȥüȴŨҵĺǺѪ
ȫثµĸ߽׽졣Ȼ˭󣬲֮ǰˮ֮ս˼ٽثثµϲƽ¬ʹ֪ǿйɺͬʱֽϢԼо·й¶ɡͶͻʣŵⳡܡ
ף
˵˵ͷ
ˮ֮սʧܣǳϰثʧΪ˸ثŭ𡣶һ㣬ͨʿ
գԿ޺ܿս뿪ˡ
뿪󲻾ã¡¡𶯣ﳯ

°ˣգ
ĩƳ̫ڻʵۻǻӣԵʱʮλɮߣŴλΪģɾĵҵ̫ڻʵۼλ֮Ҳһζ飬Ͷұڴƺ뷨
ˣȺͰԼɮԲͨƵ۶ȴɿĴԵõıǵ⡣
ʱգѾӵвٵӰ졣ÿһգвٰգɮɮԺ֮Уԡ׻ϻзУϣֵĻƻᣬеŮŮںԸͷųɰǧƣ沨ˡӡīͣҲһ̣˴󷢣¥ۻᣬһʫʡ
ӥȸգҲȥһɣ
糿鷿ĴŴ򿪣ԡ£˳
壬ûдǼݵĴۣҲûһǴһϮɫۣ£ں͸ֻһϵţȻһƽûеζǽңģƽĺ¡
ΪҲͬʱ̳үүŹǷʡ
һ۵壬嵭ţɣѾǶͨ죬
ˣѾˣ
壬Ѹǰͷ
š
˵ͷɫݣߵ˴⡣һĵȴţƿֻһλɫȹļˣЦڣƺʱһϮ񵭣ѰӣҲӹһĨɫ
٣Ҳȥ𣿡
һڵȴ壬ͬӰ٣۵ӹһĨޡصʦ֮󣬻Ƿ£־ϸĵĵ˵ɫÿࡣ
һЦ˵ͷ
ȴôˣҲȥôӭң
֪Զܾܾ㡣
Цٵ¡
ҵſһ·ųǶȥ
ؽһľʦսȻͬϵֵȺĴ˴СȺظ裬̻쳹ʦϣʱԼȺӹţʫԵӡ
λʦһǳ˵ġһǿԳԱ
ٴջĿ⣬һԵ΢Ц͸һŮͯζ
ȻΪŮ˹֮սаѺ󷽴ľ˺ȶ֧׵սʱ״̬ҲŮһŮһ档
Ҳ֪
ٵЦգ鲻ҲһЩЦ⡣
Ƕ뾭ʱΣǶھʦӡ
̲סʧЦ
Ц˵ǰȺͰԼյʱ龰ΪԲͨھʦȻ죬ֱǣ˲ѧԺԵĹдֱֻʱ˻Եʱʦеİղףǲ뷨ģҪЩԵĶѡ

õʱͻȻһƿ⴫⣬ӥһ죬סֻӥȸ֮һƬ֪˶ãܿ죬ǵĶ
ˣӥϢҵˣ
ֻǼ򵥵һ仰·ӵħڶʱһ󰲾
ɫһ·ʶʲôһԵ塣ȴһ۾΢΢ϣϿ˿顣
°ˣգȴףյģôʱ䣬һ̽ӽʵĺģһڵˮʯʱ򡣶ǸĻ󣬲ٿó̫ʦָӶΪã֮֮Ļ֣ҲҪ¶Լǰ
ɣ
·ֻһɲǣֺͣڵ


1253 ֣
ݣ⣬ɫ֣أһܿı䷽ʹһȥ
¥
ھʦУ¥ǷǳĳٱȲ̫¥ҲȲҦҵĹ¥ֻеȡ¥ȴµţС˾ʦеīͣеһЩҲżСü˸ʫ漣
¡¡
ĳУһɫĻͣ¥ǰ
֨ѽһŴ򿪣󷽵˳¥ǰһӰ빪ӣĵȴš
ȷ𣿡
屳˫֣¥źڵ׽Ĵң
شˣȷɡ飬Գģа˿©
ӥ
Դϴ˸ٳſڵСֱɱ֮ӥȡѵࡣɳֶģʱԼԳεĿǳҪӥҴ⡣
ţ
˵ͷܿջĿ⡣
¥ǰˮͣ˸ᳵЩʿƽճϲĹߡ
һ͵Ҿۻĵط
˵Ѹٳȥ
ˣˣʵǲ˼СѾˡӻذɣ
廹û߽ȥ¥ڣһСҴҵӭͷҪȥȻһѾԲſڣ뵽¥ڡ
СһӴסˣȻͼٴֹ׷ȥʱ򡪡
ž
ವһӳһڹ̨һСУͬһʱ䣬âһӥѾСǰ
ҼҴ˰£ռǼҵλãҲ⣬ÿɣ
ӥڵͬʱһеơ
죬
ӥȻյĿ죬Сۼ⣬һ˳һ˿ηɫѸ˵һߡ

ʱȴûĶһнӥľ¥ݣһ·Ŷ¥ȥ
飡
һֻƵ϶¥ɲǣһĸоӿ嶨翴ȥֻ¥ͷܶʿȫۼЩ塢壬ʿӣÿ¸¡ѧʾʲôûǹһ˸оһŨҵĵϢ
Ȼһĳ
Ȼǣ°ˣաʦһƬֵգʿӻľ¥ۻᣬһƬ֡¥Ķ¥ȴһֵǵˣϲ͵սȻ෴¥ȴ¡֣ޱȡ
ЩʿһͦΣĿȫһֵʱҲû˿ͺûпһ
ţ
üͷһͻȻһ˵ĸоͺĳׯϵʽ֮һҲʱһĽԺŤͷ˳ǽȥͬʱҲ˳ʿĿȥڶ¥룬忴һƬճķοհ
Ƭհ׵һӴһɫ۷ԣڿհ趯ĽпȴֲʧȣѶׯأмĳϡصζƺ̺ĳϣУ
ھʦ֮Ҳʮʱ䣬ʶ㣬̾ʲôԣšֽ裬ǰûп
øߵΪ
һֱ轣ע⣬趯ʱоųϵʱֺһ֮ңȻֻխխһߣҪһ㣬ȴ¡¾侳ǿߣͨʥ侳ǿ߶첻
ν֮壬ǧ
ৣ
忴ȥʱתһɲǣ忴˵ϺȻһŰɫߣü룬ͶûУֻ۾λõһ˫
ڶ¥¥ݿڵʱ˵зӹһ˿ɫȻֻһɲ˾ͻָ趯
Ȥ
Ĳ忴Ȼֻһ˲䣬ŤͷĿڶ¥ĴڴҴһɨĿܿȺУһŰ£ʮ꣬ŵϡ
ϵϢȻͬ࿡һȴȻȻ¶һʣһȺ塢֮УȺһ㡣
忴ʱͬע⵽塣ȻһЦֱ˹ȥĶ
ڼˣ
ϸŶ泤࿡İͻȻڵ
֪˭ֻ֪ǰ˿书İȻǸڱ󣬲ٿһУܹͬʱ̫ʦָΪãҽԼӺɺأ˱ȨĻ֡
ô֪ҡ
ȻһЦǰ壬ɫƽû˿ľȡ
ǣҸýɽأ
ĿӰƿԱһڽϣȻ˻
ԱߵǷ˾ڲһġɽ
ǺǣȻ棬Ҿ֪һҵġһ䣬ҵ¶𣿡
ӵʵİһ˵ţһϵľƱһڡ
̫꣬Ҳ̫̰ˣث飬㲻ò֡
嵭
ϴνóǷ˾ȻʮȫҪҵģҲһһȷϣԼҪҵǸһЩ֮УΨһϧǣǷ˾ôģжⲻ˾ԷڶԷʹĳЩֶΣҽè̫ӣԼڸȥ
ԷûµĶ»ҪܳʱҵԷ˵ģԷ̫꣬Ҳ̫̰ˡ
ث飬а˳ɵİգһ涯ֽţһԸңȾͰӥ̫ʦָﰲ֣еĴӣ嶼ҵߣܲء
ļƻ֮УԷмĸʳ֣һ֣ʮİץסԷΪثĵλʵ̫ˡҪԸλƵڶŵʵȨԷֻһЩСආƱҪԳ档
̫ʦִƵرǽԸǲȥӼЩݲԵȵͨ
ҪԸңҵĻĺ֣ʱõĻᡣ廹ûȫİգΪֻҪԷϹЩžͺ壬ֻϧԷǳס
ȻˣԴӵثһҾѾ¶ˣ𣿡
ɫƽû˿ƺԤϡ

ҲʱһͻȻӶߴŤͷֻһʿӣһ˹
ʿǸһ꣬ϵľƺϣȻִľʵȡһɫķԱߡ
Ǹ΢΢üͷ
ǣ
Ȼʿȴûнͣúһ֮Ѹת뿪ˡ
аüһɻȻһ̣Ŀһתע⵽һϸڡ¥Ķ¥еʿİڣȻԴŲͬ۷ͷ϶Լͬϵźɫķ


1254 ໥̽
ү룡
һӶ洫֪ʲôʱǰľƱһĶ
Ǻǣֿˣ룡
һ˿ɫҲعǰľƱͶİȥ
ˣ
˾Ʊ¥ڵնȻһ䣬¥ڵһΣſհˡʱ򣬾ͺܵĳһ׷
ϣ
ֻһ죬һ˵ľƱڰһ죬ⰲжʱһ㣬Ҳʱͻ
Ŀһһɰ˳ֱۣƱŶ𵴶ȥ
飬һ̣һɹĸоӶ洫ƱײоԼײһεɽͣİ߾žƱǺ΢ЦȻ˿
еľҺûһ¡
˼
΢΢һЦӴһɸӰ罭һ㣬޾ŶİȥͬʱһӴͬӶİڱŷ
ĿͶǿ͸ƱڰмײһȻ廹ǶİеľƱ˿е𵴺ͳȫ˸⣬ƱеľҺûһ£ƽ㡣
ӣ̶ʱڣΧĵɸɲʼʱ΢ɲ죬գ֮þܿ죬ΧΡƲˣŵ𶯡𶯲ϼӴ󣬵¥Ųһ㡣

Χ󾪺¥еʿͰϱվȣ׷վ
һƬıܲסϻ£ˤ÷顣
ˣ
ͬʱͶİͬʱջ˾ƱӴԱɽѵصҲͬʱʧ˵̫ǿˣټ̽ȥ¥ᱻһ˺Ϊ
үù
ջؾƱͷһ¾ƱһƵᣬδ˿ңȻոһ֣δȫ
ֺΪ
ͬʱҲһƱϡ
һ̽˾Ȼ˭ûռˡ
벻һôĸ֣
ƽȴǴ˷ڵȻòֻʮ꣬Ƿһȴ亱У۹󽫼ѾܹȣսܶײǿĴڶУ˵ˡ
ûͬĶ֮оȻ˿Ժƽƽոһ֣ȻֻСΧ̽ĸоİΪԼ֮£ľҲǳĹء
ǾĴʦУİԼ֮£ҾȻԸıԼϢֱδš
¥һƬţսţΧһ˫˫ĿͰΨٴδʱһԽĽͻȻӶߴ¥룬ŰɫߣźɫһֱӣͻȻսӿհ׵ش
ȥɣ
ʱ򣬰ͻȻڣ˷
ǣ
ɲǼ䣬һ£¥ڣʿ׷ȥֻСɢھ¥ĸطͰ
򵥵¥ڵնʱࡣ
ž
Ҳʱһ̻Ӿ¥ڴ˺ͺͯĻЦڼžľ¥ڣԵøĺ
Ǻǣ
ĶٴοڣϵƾƺȸһָԼϣ
үѧţүүǵµľŹү֪ʲôӣ
ûлش𣬶ǶĿŶԷ֪ԷȻʳ䣬ͱȻлҪ˵
ѧ˽֪°˷գж֪Ǵʥ֮ʱ
ⷬԤϣʱüͷһȴŰĻ
ʱ˴෥ÿնˮ֮СһǿʳͿ̿ʱ֮ӰʥԼ˼룬˾޴ĴۣŸıģĹ뵽֮УǸʳʱˡˡʱʵ´ͬ
ׯص
û˵ϸţֻ´ͬʱ΢ɲü
սȻ෥ȴŰʥҫÿһʥ˶ͬڰеĻ⣬ҫǸʱָ°ȷķȻ񣬰ʥ޴أܱ磬ڰʧ˷ֱʳʧȥ˰ʥ˵ʧÿĽգʥһ죬Ƕۼһңʥʾ
߿
΢ͻȻһƬȻΪʲô̤¥ʱһֹĸоҲףΪʲôֵĽ裬ԼΪʲôϵźɫķڼʥ
ǼŻҲ츳ˣ̶ʱھƽگʹʳڳҰ˳ƺΪһս˻һЩڵļֵ壬ԶԶһ˵ϣܹ뵽ǣһ֣֮һʵʥûʵֵԸʵ´ͬ
ֻˣҲֹݣе磬ͻˡ߾ˡˡ˹ˡ˵ĵңԼĴʳ֮ˣɱ¾ֹսңΪԺ˼Ĳͬ¹һ˼뵽ܱеĵңʳͬʱͳһԣôе˺ɱ¾ڣԶʧƬϣսİ취
´ͬ
˵ⷬʱ֣ޱȣһʱĲǧٴ˼ǵĽ
һֱţмһ϶ûУЩˣЩƣٿ̫ʦָӵڵǵ˽ʵ̫ˡǼһ֪
ףԼ˽õĻᡣ
´ͬ
һ仰ɫһüͷ˵ĸ֣廹ᾴ֣´ͬ־ʿ˭ʵֹһ磬ǧĻۣҲֻһ֪
׳־в˽ģ
ÿĸֵʱž޴Ѫ´ͬ⼸֣ʱ򣬱һЩӡҺҰļʵԼ˽ʱĹߣΪ˸˵ƫִУΪԼᡣ
岢ԡ´ͬ´ͬҪõĺģҪǧٴˣϵĸı䡣ּߣԼϣڴҴʮ꣬꣬һ֮ھܹɵĿꡣǲܳɹΪֻѺͻѡ
ŴţȴɵǺħһ顣


1255 ´ͬ
һʱ䣬ĿⶸıεĴ֣ԼԵĶֻֽһҰļңôɵΣٴҲаտ԰ɵӰһķΧ´ͬ±ԼĻҪصĶࡣ
ܵģʵֲˣ
ƽԵ÷ǳ侲
ⲻһҲ˽˵ĶԹǳһʵЩ˸֪ԼʲôǾǻǣܱߵĹֻίߣǶѡҪƾ輸ѧþȥıܱߵĵңֻɵĿ롣
ҪǣǸ֪һƽ٣ҪԵģԶֹܱߵĵҶѡѾûʱˣ
ֻЩܺ˵ͬΪıôܻţ
ǺǣһʱһʱǰȻܣڲһ
ĻȻһЦƺϵҲ
ڵĴѾû˱߻ҺܱеĹҶǩ˺ƽЭ飬ҵѧĵңؿͻʡ˹ء߾گɡʳѧã˽ѧ֮ѧϰţҵ˼뵽ǰδأõЩʵۺͿɺĴ֧֡Щǰδģ
ĵ֮ĵңΪ֪壬֮ΪޣΪ֪塣飬ǽ̵塢壬˼ϸıǡͬģֻͬҪĵǣ˼ϺͨͲôɱ¾֮ͨ£Ī֮Īֻӵͬ˼룬ͬһȣͬǴ˭ı䲻ˣǹĴ֣ʣӰʥδйĹֻҪܹʵһ㣬ǣ
Ŀѩ߿͸¶޾·͸ʱգ޾ԣʿҲͬܡ˵ģҲ롣ǧٵ־ʿҪʵһܣڣȴǵӵʵֵĿܡ
˹ء߾ͻʺگʳеĵңеܱȫƣҴһյġš
õʱҲǰδеĴʱ
ʥ
ͻȻƱյ
ʥ
ͬʱһھ¥лھ¥ڵʿ׷׽ԼľƱվһʽǵ壬Ҳûһ˿һҪܻ䣬˼
ôһɲǣ¥һƬš
ǰ֣أµɫͻȻ֮һƬءȻĳ뷨Ҳüᶨ
֪ʲô㾭ҲȻͬڵĿ룡
棬۵ȻһЦֹ֮һŵʡȻǰʥգ۹·˷ѽķӦ۵ף
ҴСѧ壬ѧ飬ǲȺ飬ҵ伮˽˲飬ʷӼ޹ҰʷûҲ֪ġʱѾûҿԶ飬ҲûпԽҵʦҲǸʱҵһνӴˡ´ͬĸ
Ǹʱ򣬶´ͬҲû̫⣬ֱһͷԽǡʱ̵ҵʦң֮ˣΪޣ֪壬ǫãǫã֪ͬ࣬ͲͷΪҪˣѪҵһμ˼ӡҲǵһ֪ˣΪʲôҪǣҪ´ͬ
ʶ´ͬĸַͺȴ㣬
ͻȻŶ壬ڵ
仰͵һ𣬶̧ͷ档ⷬΪ⣬δصĻ־ȻԼʲô
֪ҵһδʶսĲпᣬͬ´ͬĵԸΪԸУȴ֮սʱһǧҸ֣ɾǳսϵĴ棬ҵһμʶʲô޵ɽʬҰʮƵʬˣܲһ㵹شɫɺɫѪ񽭺һʣսʮ󣬻Ũҵô̱ǡӡ⣬ҵһܵҲǵһʶˣ˼ϵĲͬԼ˵˽ܹ˴Σ

û˵ȴ¶𶯵ɫ֪ǰصĻֺԼϵ֪ǳսﵽ
֮սֻ㣬֮һȥطͥԼս˹ͺɺ
渵¶ɫ
ϣΪѾʶսļ£ֱ˹ͺɺҲ֪̫ˡҵһ֪ս԰㣬ǸֻǺǣΪǵһμ棬˵ȴˡ
ϵʱսѾҺԵһ棬ںɺʱȴǵһ㡣ʱսأн춼ȥеӭûע⵽ңȺ֮ȴһֱע㡣
ۻĿ¶ɫ
Ĭȴޱȡ˵⣬ģһֱΪЩſʼֵģȻûһд֮սǰʱѾʼˡ֣Լ˽ʵ̫ˣûпڣǼϸš
ǼʶսĲпᣬԽʶǵҪҲԽͬ´ͬĸ̩֡ɽںëʵеԸսеѺսеİգǴƣĵңͨͨܣ׷ͬȥɰʥûɵ;ⲻǱеĹҪֻˣŲ
ʵ´ͬʵһеռĿ꣬ҪʵһĿҪ־ʿһʢ٣̫ʦŻϴܾңһϣܹϸһ룬֣ʵĿϣһ࣡
Ŷ壬һ
¥ﾲĵģ˶壬ĿڴȴĻش
˵𣿡
֪˶ãͻȻڵ
ͬΪıģǾԲֵܺģ
˵ĵһ仰þ¥еʿ׷ױɫ
ֱִԲ򣡡
ͻȻһ󱩺ҺһӰվһü룬Ҳ޿ߵĺӶվŭĿӡ
£
۰ѩƮƮͻȻ˰ֹ֣ˣ
ԸΪʲô𣿡
ͻȻڵȻŵЦݣĻشҲûжŭȣ۷ѡ


1256 ţ
Ǻǡ
嵭ȻһЦ
ӣǬǳﶼĵӴӸߴʹǳ䣬Щǳ׼֪ĵǵΪǵķʽעܳɹԺɽ򹲴ϻʨȴͬǿиı⣬ǳԲݣĽֻǱж
ǵĳҿ⣬Ǵʳ˹ǻǶɽǿʳĹ˵ѾģƾѧúһԸĽ˵ǲܳɹġ
Щ˶̫һԸˣѾǳɲɹ⣬ҪΪǵġһԸĴۡ
ǺǣӴӸߴʹȴԽʹˮߴǳ䣬ȴǳڵʱ򣬵ȼѣҹաЩ飬ԵûУô֪ɹأ
ɫһɫ
ʧأ֪ҪĴΪǵͱ֪ҪΪ֮սʮսֻʮǴƵľӣ˹֮սͺɺ֮սһսսĴƾ˽ֻжʮѣǾѾ޷ˡǵļƻʧܣ֪жݵİ𣿼ʮǸԶ޷ģЩǶ𣡡
ʵ
һΣȴû˵ǻ۾ƺ˳˼֮Уòھ¥
κζҪۣ֮ս˫ʮ򣬶ܵǣİղˮ֮սʮ𣬶ǰ߾۹˴ﵽ֮ڣ漰ﵽ򣬲յ˴Ӳʤö١
սսᣬ˾ԶΪ˼ϵ˴˵ֺֹǧܹ֮ʵ´ͬõսңôеĸֵõġ
۳ǳƽһ˿ûУͺ˵ĳƽСһ㡣
ƣڽ˵Ϸ
ⷬ嶸ıɫ̲סЩ˶ķӣʹΪţϵӣ˵Ϊ£Ǹյƽٽ綼ǵڡ
Σ嶼ǵóѡ
ǾİɣƵղʵԼĿĹߣҲΪ´ͬʲôҲǵĿ꿴ôĸУǴʲôţֻҪһһ죬ǵĿľ;ܵóѣ
ⷬն͸¶ǿľġѾǧ࣬ƽϣ˹ΪľǸıˣµĲ񣬶ЩˣǱĿĿƺԼһ£ʵȴȻ෴ݣµգǽⳡĲĳ͹ߡ
ǰκʱ嶼˳ɹ
ˣ
Ļ¥ڣµʿʱɫǴһսһڳ͢䣬ֻ嶼ӵмӰĺΪУ˵ļƻһᴦܵ谭ټҽң˶˳λԺգǹɲС
ô˵ǾĺΪˣ
棬һӣɫ΢䣬Ҳڱɫ
ʼգһֱ£İôٵѹͻС࣬ԸΥ忴Ѿ¶˾ģ˼Ҫԣ˵뿴ġ
ΪУΪУ²ǵ̣ոǵߣҸһλᣬ֣һлüһὫųֻһʼܰγһų飬ܰγų飬ڳаӣȫ޳ȥ

γ¥岢ǵ۾ۻģΪЩ˵ĵɣԴƵ˺ѾɣǼȥɸ˺
䣡
һʯǧˣв¥ڣ˷׷ױɫ


¥ڵʿ׷ŭ⣬ʯ䣬һɹӴϢɽʹ󺣰㣬Щڱ׷塣Ȼһֻ̣һССĶֹˡ
塣
۰ѩƮƮͻȻλվҲûЦݣɫ֣ޱȣҲٳƺֱ
´ͬǴǳǲκ˵־ΪתƵģǽҲãҲգɴǰ΢۵ղסʷĳ֣ѹҷ𣡡
ϣΪҶͬһˡҲһ٣ٶ̵ԭԣϴαܾпܲӦȻԸ¥㵽ٳ˵һ顣ֻϧ޶۱ĻҪⲻвȡ㣬ԼңؽΪ˸ۣκ赲ʷǰİʯն촷ۣΪʷĳ
˵ʱֱͦѩ׵죬ͬһʱ䣬һޱ޼ʣϱ˿ѷɫڶ塣
ⷬͫһҲȻñޱȡ
ͬΪıȻˣǣ
˵գϵľһȥ
ⳡ棬廹ۣ˭޷˵Է˵ľͬ벻ͬעߵһۿž¥ȥΧһƬţ˭û˵
һ¡
ߵ¥ݿڵʱһͻȻվǰıӰޱȣ
߳ǾԶǵˣ
Ѿˣ
¥ݿڣŲһ٣ǰȥ
һ仰㲻ɱʣȴشԺɺ֮Щ¿ɲ̫֣
۵͸һвζ
ˣ
ŲȻֹ΢𣬶ͣһΣıɫ
л
ֻһɲǣع¥ȥ
ŵĺˣұضŰݷã
֣¥ڣеʿˣɫ䣬һ£񾲣ʵۣҲ˲ʧȥԭе򶨺ƽȻûȵڣһŵŵŵĽŲԶȥѾʧ¥

үôˣ
ո߳¥һȺҴӭȥ
ϳȥ˵

ꤣʻѸ뿪¥ҵķȥڣü͸¶һŨҵ
ӥҲһţպɽҵ£еĲ£ûҵϽȥͳ˧ΪУ죬Ҽĳȥ


1257 ໥ɵ
ǣү
⴫ӥȻ֪ʲôӥǱܵκʱܴѾʵε֤
壬ǳʲô𣿡
һԱߴԱߣĲദôãûмء
û˵ֻ΢΢˵ͷԺ¥ݿ˵Ƿ
պɽҵ
ʯ䣬һͷԺзӶԶˣʱ䣬һֱæڴе飬Ե˱һαȨᣬܵѹߵĻԼǴصĲ¡
ҼΪͳ˧ǰǴδйġ岻ϸҲ뵽бȻ˲һھҵ˳ͻһᱻҵá۱¶ľԲ˿顣
¡¡Ѹʧ˳Ƕķ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һֻӥȸڿն𣬴һţҴҵȥ͸ֻԶȥӥȸ΢΢һôţپв̫ĳͻ
ֻҪպɽҵǲ̫嶯ͲԷ°ѱ
ү
֪˶ãһ⴫ӥţֹ
˵ɡ
۾ڵ
ȻѾ˶ԷүΪʲô֣ٽҲܽǶԴƵʧСС
ӥ
¥ʱӥһֱţе鱨ԱΧΧˮйͨһֻӬɳȥܿӥΪ˾ţ֮ҵˡĻסһԶԷ֣Էһ£εΣ׽
ôãʼ¥΢΢ζһ⣬֮һƬƽûκ鷢
ӥ֪뷨ڸʱ򣡡
ۣƽ
ɱҲ޲⣡
ӥǲףԼҪԿĲһˣһǰδеӴһʮˣ˵ƾԼܹƵ̫ʦԼӣǾܵġıصһӴ
ֻѡ䡣ɱ޲ǹһµ䡣
ο¥Щ˴Ļһţһִǧصľ˼롣ѹƾԼӺɺٻأѹƾƾĶ书ǡǡ˼룬Ǿıԡ
ּĶԿУ书ǲû̫ôġĥ𣬵Ǿ˼ȴ𡣶ҼɵۣԷɿԸԤã̳ѹƱ;ûжֵԭ
ȻκòҳԷ˶ԷټһɱԷЩ˿Ѹѡһ䣬ʱҵǣ˽ǣ͸ˡһתͲץ
οӥǻԵһҪĶǾ۵书
ڤڤУԺٴھ¥У۾Ʊ̽һĻ
ʱգΪѾǰ£ƥУ޽ӽ΢ľ硣ۼ˭ţϣ֮ͬУȻΪԼ֮¡
¥еǸˣۣһʵɲ⣬ԳԽ˵۹󽫵ļ𣬶棬ǿ±ǿ
ʮӵΪȫΪӵľ飬ϵŬټӵС컯ֿ湦ԲϵĴӸǿĶＳȡǶԷʮ꣬ȻҲӵǿΪԺԼƽƽͥⲻһ޿ͿԽ͵ġ
ڶԷıӵһǿģ
ţ
ʯ䣬һͷѸٸԺ¥ϸ۲൱ֵʿλһصīɫӡǣͺɺԼȨҸһģһʼʱֻԼȴǵ
ʱ䣬ӡǣһûԺļ䡣ĩٵʱȫۼһ𣬶оһҵĸ֣ӡǡĴߣĳۣĩ֮Ե÷ǳ⡣
ٴ٣뵽Ӫ֮УЩ˺һЩĩĸ־һսʧˡ
岢ûȥע˽ֻ֪ԳΪšԼӵһеīɫӡǡ
һģһ
ʷֻأԼıϣҲı˹ѴƵҵӰƵ۷ʱʷҲ֮仯ЩϱӲûгֹţҲŵʷ̨ҿʼĴѹҵռ䡣
ߣȻȥ
ܿع
ԷټѾ֣ĻҲˮ棬ԼӦúú˼ĶԲߡ

ӣⲻܣô֪ŵ飡
¥뿪ʱһʮʿͻȻߵ۵󣬿뿪ķһ𾪵
ŵһأһЩĵˣ̫ʦﶼǺһʮô֪ŵĴڣ
ʿһϯ˵˵֮ǰ˵ôĻһ𶼱Ȳ³֡
ָо
һ˺ܾõܣΪ֪ȴֱԷһ仰׵
¥ھĵģ۰ѩվͬ¶˼ɫһ˫ĽüҲ֪ʿɻֺγеɻɵвԶеĻҪöࡣ
ŴûҪһֱĻҪı£һҪĻߵ̨ǰ۵УǺܳһʱ֮¡
һʱ䣬ԴӺɺ֮󣬲֪ڵáȻ嵽ʦŲ죬Ͱȳʮ첻ʱ䣬ѾҵԼ
ݵʱ䣬±ԤеĻҪöࡣ
۸оԼͺһѼĽһǰѽĽָķȫԼϵҪ
ӣǵв̫ˣֲϸǺǿʯӰ쵽ǵļƻոǶ֣ȫмĸʸɵģΪʲôӲǳ֣
ͬһʱ䣬һϵ෽һʮߴӺɫŰ壬͸ΣյĹâ
֮ǰ˵ĸоȫ磬ءʱ򣬵뿪¶һΪɲǼһɰӿƵڱȻ˿ѷɫۡ
ϣ˵ĲλӣܻܿΪڳ͢谭ڲǶʱ˹ͺɺټϣܹսƵԸӵĵزؾʱҲˣֻڳã䣬Ҳӵмߵʱɵɱֻ֣ᵼͰյķУ󷴶ʹǵļƻһ񡣡
ƽ
Ŀ·𶴲쵽˺Զδ


1258 ã

ʱͻȻһ¥⴫ͬʱϴȺĻڵ˼𵮵ʱˡ
ӣʥʱ䵽ˣ
ʱһӰǰѹ֮ǰۣڲгֹİɽ
۾һգ΢һܿع
˵һҳдɵĵģ
ͬͬģӰʥϣ
ҵźۣɽɾƱؼ̳аʥ֮Ը¾ͬģʵӰʥ´ͬĺһ֮Ըս֣ѣضֻҪңΪݽ⣬ݷǣϧ
ؿ֤񹲼

һȺ԰ѩΪףһ߾پƱɫ£͸¶һɾ޴ľġ
ǺҲ¥𣬵һ£ʼվھ¥֮ڣߵһ¥֮ڵС͹̨ƹҲһͺʲôҲ·һһ
ʥ
ʥ
ȵ꣬۸߾پƱһ¥͸ĳ־ģͬգһ
ӣҪ𣿡
ȵʽһȴϸüɫߣźµĽӣߵ۵˫һӵĳббͬһʱ䣬˵Ŀⶼۼ۵ϡ
²ѣ
ʥһʽ
ˣ
۳ĬƬ̣ҡҡͷб½нӹͣû˿ԥͷϵŵǸɫӦϣΪأɫƮɲǣ·ǧ֮أ
Ϸͷ
һʼܻͷ
߰ɣ
ɫأѩ׵˫ţȴ¥˳ȥ

Ҹۡ䱸ɭϡ
ʱ˿̣鷿֮УĿڤ˼ǰһ΢΢ɵġ½ͼǴ޴˹شģΨһһϧͼʱ˿̣ͼϣ˹ءͻʡͻʡ߾۹ɡԼʳڵĵãͳͳúӱ˳ڴʳ˹ԼݵĵشɫСġ
⻼
ãۣ̾Ϣһ
һþޱ䣬ҪԵľۺţдƸڶĵˡ˹֮սɺ֮սȻƴʤǸĴҲԲСò״ƲŻ˽ľ棬һҽһлһ
ܹ˹صĴ꣬ͻʵɳ޿ɺӻȥĶ˼Լ߾۹Ԩģʹʳķ˿һЦϲ⣬Ʋñ֮ƽһ˺ѡ
ȻǵĻԶֹˣĿԽͥ򱱷ͻʴԭû˱һǧ꺱СڣٹãҪӱϯ¡
ȥǳʮ˵ĺɺѩ֮ȫС׼סⳡʷǰıǰԱе彫òϣһ£ͬԴƵĽ
֧ӴģҪܴҲߴҲĴ
Լʱʵ̫̫ˡ
ৣ
ʼϵıʣץֽֽѹţĬƬֽ̺ܿдһ㣬㣬ʱһʱʱʱ䣬һֱ鷿ܱʼ顣
ͷԺд˷ƽѧ˳ᢣıͷչ
ˣ
ʱͻȻһ洫
ү
ӥš
ɡ
̧ܿͷ
֨ѽһŴ򿪣ӥһ£糾ͣ˽
үˡ¥뿪֮ǵ˾һֱǸոµõϢǸ۵ˣЩʿȫʧˡ
ӥǰ¶ΡһθĿ껹пԭһΣȻʧˡ
⣡
ӥΪٻ䣬ȻԤϣ鲨ƽޱȣƺϵ
Ǹ۵ʵҪǿö࣬ҲҲ֮С
嵭û˿Ըһ۹󽫣¥ֵǸۣǡǡǵ۹󽫼ǿߣһǲԼĶڣģӥɳȫ֣ҲǲҵġȤķһ£
ո˵ЩʿҲʧˣô£۲׸٣ЩʿѶӦСϺܶࡣ
ǵ˿ʼ׷ٵǣǺܿ죬ǷǴ¥뿪ȫ뿪˾ʦ׷ٵĹУһţǰ·ϳִһģһһӿмֱ̽ӱԷΡ
ӥ
ԷһֱھʦӥЩգ׷ٵǣ뿪ʦݴ˹󣬾ӥҲδ˵Է׼
ԣüͷܿͻ
ȥɣȻѾ¶òͲʧãջǻԼ¶
ף
ӥͷ
ˣ
ϵļŷ⣬ӵ˹ȥ
Ѿȫã㰴ĵַȫĳȥǳأҲ֪𣿡
ӥ΢΢һߵʱҲˣټ֣ص˵Ƕ֪
ǣү
ӥûжʣӹŷ⣬Ѹٿ鷿ʧ档

ӥߺҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һҵūʹҴ˽
ү̫
Ŷ
屾ڱĿڤ˼仰һ˿ɫ
ԵƬ̣Ͼ
ԴϴһѾܾûмԼλ֡ˣȻһ¶ʱڶķ֮У²壬Ǿ嶼ò̾һԼλ֡;棬Ǳһ֣ٵٶȣ̫䣬ʥܲĴԱҪơ˵۹ľУڲֱʥʸسϴϳʱ򣬾̫λãʱȸڳãֻԼ֪ƺǱȥĳЩˡ
Ҳû뵽ȾȻʱݷԼ
ҵĿݷõȡһûǰȺǰֱ֮ŴۣźɫͷñϵŽֹ֮䲻û˿ġһɴԻµλϢ
Ȼ̫λãΪ̫ԭܾʥʳңڵȻûǹ̬ȣأ
壬ڿˣ
һ£ոտż壬ȶʱĿѩϲһ㡣ȻѾٷλ˳ǴƵһһڣǽеı


1259 ȵķգ
Ǻǣþòˣ
΢΢һЦҲ⣬ָָԶΣʾһ¡
һѾ߻ˮȻַµĸ㡣
磬缱ǣʲôܰ㼱ӣѲҵ˻ᵯ㣿
ϵĲ豭һڣȻЦ
͵ܣûһֱȨֲΪУôƵңͷǼ鴦ãҵ˾Ļᵯˡ
̾Ϣһü
Ŷ
ⷬüͷһʱ¶ɫ
˵ôأʲô飿
ʵҲйأǵ֮ǰ½ĽԪȯ𣿡
ȳüչȴ̸˺ܾǰ򻧲һ£
ܽӻӣСС˻νҲνˣҪԶУòһϵ䣬̲ˡڴǿʢ÷٣̾޼ֲÿӾˮһǾĻǮˮɲһСĿرһЩҴ塣ĴУӪźü̶ӣӰžݸۣʮƽ̧Žߣ㡣Գ͢ļƲߣнԪȯתת½齻ңʼʱȷʵ˲ٵ飬Ǻˡ
֪ΪʲôںܶʼųʹýԪȯͬĶǾģǽԪȯ֧ǾҪٶɣɣķáԪȯԽԽֵǮ̫ʹýԪȯܲýԪȯĵطʹýԪȯ̧űصĽӣðűٷٵΣգҲܳ͢ĽԪȯ
Ҳ֪͢нԪȯԵģǲܣҲûа취ֹˣʼܾԪȯĻֻǱ߷Ҵ壬ǺʦҴҲʼˡ˽£Ԫȯˡ꣬͢ûáôȥҪģûлͷ͢ΪƹԪȯͶ˴ѵѪ;һԪȯ׵ƣ͢ʧأҺпӰ쵽ϾԪȯǮ⣬ǣһȫӰǳ͢ԪȯջؾͿԽģܿһľ⡣
Խ˵ԽǳԽ˵Խǣ
͵ܣҲ֪̫λãкܶ˲Ұ⣬Щڣ֪ңֻҪҳ©ͻٲձԪȯ㷢ģ㶼ҪҰ
˵ͻȻһץסֱۣˮץסһһǻ̿֡
û˵ϸȡڵĴЩţȻ̫֣û˸ҵָ˽£ȴ㣬ĳԼöġĶϡȴ֪֮ܵʥʵĳҺãΪ̫ԭȻ̫ã⣬ֺͲȴо˵츳ܹʶԪȯǵһ飬ԼԾ÷ǱڵӰ죬Ѿ֤ⷽ츳ο廹֪һƾ辭츳λˡ
㣬ӵһŽԪȯڣ㵽ӡ˶ٽԪȯ
ֱӿڵ
⡭ûҲû١
仰֧֧
ߣû٣ûٻӣҪҰ㣬Ǹʵɡ
Ŀޱȣ·һۿȵʲô޷
⡭ǶӡһЩҲӡ˰ƽѡ
Ȳ
˵ڣʮڣ̶겻ʱ䣬ӡʮڶĽԪȯΪһҡǮӡپӡ٣
һ۾Ϳ˵ĽԪȯıʡƷеǳĲԣΪܹҸУǳ͢ÿ˰Զûô࣬һƽûСһӡȻӡʮڣ൱ʮĲ룬µĽ֪
Ȼ̫̰ˣȻڲƻ뾭÷츳ǽԪȯֱ⣬ͽıͱȫǰֱգļߣ˷ƵĹߡ
ȻѹεǮ󲿷ֶ˳͢ı⣬ڸطĹȴȫٻ嵱鳯͢Ԫȯĳԣ
ַеֽҽԪȯԽԽֵǮڡСһ磬иݾͽСͨͨ͡׵㽲ǡҳ
͢нԪȯʱ͸飬ԪȯӡһҪСĽԲķһлǷˡ
̫̰ˣ
ࣺ
ԪȯûȥãڣԪȯ鲼£ҪջؽԪȯҲѾˡˮգЩһͲءԪȯƴ֪ᷢʲô𣿡
û˵ɫȴ԰ࡣ
㲻֪㡣һýԪȯȥҪȻƽ໨ɵɣҸ㣬ֻǿʼܿ죬Ԫȯ᲻ϵۼۣһƽĽԪȯֵֻܿʮ⻹ǱصĹơһһҴԪȯȻȥ͢һƽûҴԪȯǳ͢еģΪ˱ֳ͢ЩҴһ٣͢öҡԪȯԽĲֵǮ
󣬽ԪȯĸֽˡǷʮĻƽʱ򽫻ƵĻгҡжȥǮ򲻵ʮĳɹ˵ŬǧҹͿѪȫữΪСʱһ޴ѡƵĸһ֮仯ΪУ
۾ⳡδĹ켣
ˣ
Ļû˵꣬ȾѾɫͷ亹¡̫䣬۹Ĳĳµʱ̫ҲסʱԹ£ԶˡӷͬһС̫ȫԱס˴£Ⱥڦ˭Ҳ
͵ܣңΣһҪҰ
亹乣ץֲţֱΪ
û˱ڵĴǰٻ˼֣ʵԶ˵ĻҪصöࡣĶ񻯳̶ȱĻҪö࣬ǰյں
ºڣѾòˡ
ǲӡ̫ˣھǣֹͣӡˢԪȯҪջһ֣ջأ
ͰͣѾЩͶҽˡ
ѽԪȯջأԸɵ¡ϾǿǮ򲻵ѣȾԸôѾû̫İ취ˡ
ôֻα겻αѣʱܹ⣬δҲһٱ
ҡҡͷ顣


1260 ӪĴ̫

һӴסˣʱֽͷϵ亹øˡʱЩڣЩ̰ģӹ̫λá
û˵ָߵκʱκƽʱգͨͶһܴ⣬Խһʢ˥䣬ֱӵһҵı𣬶ܿĻǰա
еĲƸѹһգõȴһѲֵǮֽҡ
ָߵ鷿ޱȣ֪˶ã
ģ黹û⵽ֵزҺǰЩǱڵ⣬ôǻ㹻ʱ䡣Ԫȯ飬Ҳջء²裬İ취ǽ赼ȥ
ô赼
δ䣬ڵϣ
ܼ򵥣ҺͰ֮ԲܽԪȯΪӡ̫̫࣬ͨ࣬һʱˡôֻҪЩǮȥͿˡ
ŵĿ͸һǵĹâ

ȶʱͿˡԼҲ˵ˣԪȯ̫࣬ˣ£ôȥ
ǺǣƵȻˡˣܱ߻ôĹң˹ءʳ߾ͻʡɡگټЩǱڵг𣿡
Ŀⶴʲô
ǰǻûʲô취ڣƲǺܱ߶ѾЭ𣿼ȻЭ飬ܲþܾԪȯɣӦòɳôûг°ɣȻˣǾͰѽԪȯƵеܱȥ
ƱϹۣۻڰƲڣҲǸۡʱˡ
ˣ
һ赭дȶУȴǺ¡һ꣬۾ֱˡ
еܱ
һ仰˵ֱһš̰ƣʱ򶼲Ҵ⡣һֱ˵ıԽף˼άпգеĽǶȻʧɫȶսȤһ̣ͻȻǰδеĵһֱ۸ܵпյ˼ά
ȷʵ
ƵճѣʮԪȯʳ۹ҲֻǴڹ﷢ķУûͨϡЩԪȯͨ˹ءʳͻʡ߾۹گȴܱеĵ۹Ǿ㲻ʲôˡ
ܱЩĺ̽ܣôʮԪȯҲֻһˮѣ΢һòŻսԪȯһԴӡǶʮڣʮڣʮڡȥӡˢĿ
òϣһ̣Ķˡ
һֱȣе仯۵סһĻЦЦϵĲ豭һڣ֪Ѿ׹ҪнԪȯҲֻ˲пõҲ㹻Ķȥ
ע⣡ʷ¼ȫƶ£ҡ򿪣2000㡣⣬ڿʼÿӡˢһǧԪȯܻ100㽱Ԫȯﵽʮһʱܹö⽱
ʷĳֹǰӹȥڣδܹһͨ£иܵġҡ˭ˡҡ˭ԴԴϵĲƸ۹ɣܻþ޴ɾͽ

ʱ֮ʯͻȻԺҲǴΪ⣬Ǻܿ죬ǹ¶һ˿ЦݡҡнԪȯ֮Ȿĳԡ
͵ܣл㣡̫ˡҾ֪һ԰ﵽҵģ
һϤӶߴȸ֪Ϸ飬ð⣬ɫͨ죬˷ޱȣ
˹ءʳȹҲɵӣϰ˽Ľף²̫ܰңԼ˶ܣǿ¸Ӳܡ
ܿ죬뵽ʲôеʱȴࡣ˹ءʳ߾Щ۹˭Ҫǲ飬ܽܡοʳЩ۹йսǾ͸ûȥܽԪȯ
Ǻǣʱ򣬲ܽԪȯǷҲûáڿʼͨĻٱаϵĽԪȯ㡣нױ뵽ٸ﹫֤ҿ֤⣬ֻҪýԪȯ㣬ܹù˰⣡
嵭ȻһЦϵһ۽촽ݵ
⣬жóĲҶ˿񡢴ΣȫֻýԪȯκ˶˽ýסΥطȡóʸ⣬ƽó׵ḷ́ȥٸһһģĽԪȯܹڴƾ̵ʸ񣬲һһĹ˰⡣
ḷ́˳϶ǳŲҶ˿񡢴ЩġЩȫýԪȯ򵽣ǲܾܾңԶܺģֻзֻԪȯͼǾһܽԪȯһЩеĺĺԼͨպܿͻֻҪԪȯʹγϰߣܿ죬ͻͨеĵ۹ƾŽԪȯͨıԣһΧıܡ
ҲζţЩĽԪȯ۹ҪӡƴСĽԪȯһƽ𣬶ƽƽʮƽһƽ𡭡ЩСĽԪȯͳͳֻܴΧʹá
渵ԪȯĲԣвϵһǿߣĿǰ£ѹжıˮڼȱͲľ档ԪȯҲΨһԼʹôռݵλĹߡ
һֱԱšʱңĽǣйâԽԽʢҲԽԽɣüһɨգ󣬶Ǿˣ
͵ܣȺʲôˣΣǶͶءȻϣûʲô˵ģʱ֪ԴôġԪȯ˵ֿҲԶˣ
˵̲סٴδЦﻹԭһĲ
ˣ˵֮ǰóһ¡
ͻȻ˵һⲻѵĻ

忴ȣľˡ
ٺ٣Ȼųս񣬼ܣͲ֪˰ɡ
ȺٺһЦһصӡҲûʣԼ̲ס˵ˣ
ǵò֮ǰƺʹʳǩһЭ飬Ҫ˻ʳƽ𣿡

ⷬԳȣҲ¶𾪵ɫ
磬㲻ᡭ
һɲǣ·ʶʲôŵĿŶȡ
ƺʹʳͣһǩЭ飬ô飬ȾȻ涯ֽţû뵽ġ
ƽ㵽׶˶ֽţ
忪żɽֱʵ
Ҳû٣Ҳƽ˹ȥ͵͵еƽĳڽԪȯ
ȱ嶢Щ˼Ͼʲô̫ʵ£˵ʱҲ֪Сࡣ
忴ŶȣѾ˵ˡ
ƽ
Լ̫СˣԼֱּǸŰ


1261 ̫Ĳ
һ룬ȵԸֱʥΪ̫䣬ƹƵĲƻȫӴʽסôĿƽôӴƽ׷ߣôܲĶôܵˣ
Ҫ֪ԪȯܹҲӡʮ
͵ܣң֪ĲʣƽѾԽˣ˸˼ңҲ̫صˡ
ȱ嶢ţԽԽС
ˣ㲻û˿Ĺ̫ˣʲôǴһ
Ц
̰ƹ̰ƣĳЩʱȷȷȽƽͨͨɽԪȯôҺʹʳ̸ԴɵʧҲԵûôɽˡ
һķʽֹ
ǣ𣿡
һ£ԼҲסˡû뵽ΪĴ£ȻǴһˡ
ǺǣýԪȯЩƽֻҪ㲻ս˸˵У;û⡣
嵭
ﻰôܻ£
΢΢ЩȻ
ЦȵԸôܲȡһЩôֻҪ̫޹ʹҲͲȥ˵ˡ
ˣ͵ܣ˽Ԫȯ£ҹʵһ˽Ҫ鷳㣬ܲܰæ
Ⱥһڲˮ֮һͻȻһ
Ǻǣʲôһ˵ɣֻҪܰõģһﵽס
ЦЦΪ
ʵҲǰæ͵ܣҴҴ˼仰ϣܹ
һɫ
Ŷ
ˣʱоҪ˵Լȫһ͸ϸɫ
ʵ˵Ҳ֪öʥһƬ飬ǲ֪Ϊʲôʱùֵֹģǰȫͬ
üͷһ壬¶˻ɫ
ʥʣ
һ𣬴Ϊ⣬û뵽ĵڶ¾Ȼʥйء
ʥʶõĳ谮½֪Ϊ˰ӭȢ빬ϧ䷴Ŀ²ֻȥ湬ȥˣÿȥҲֻǴƬ̣ƨɶûȣʱǰһ̱»Ц̣һ̾ͻȻϯȥû˿Ҳûκɡھȥ£ҲᱻʥԸɾܾǰûз
˵ⷬʱ鿴ĲٻԼʱ̫ĵλ̫ͨͨͨģʧȥ谮ӵеһҲҷ־ģҪ˽Ԫȯ¡
ˣ
Լû׹ȴһһɲͻȻַǳĸо
Щģʥʧˡ͵ܣߵ࣬ϴҲдʫϲЦտҺú룬⵽ô£Һ˼˺ܾöףʲôòԣǳʲô£ǵñ²ˡ
˵棬ԽĲˡԪȯֻʱԵв̫ʧġ
û˵ȴɲȺ̫ɵΪʧ⣬ȴ֪ԯޣȫһ¡
磡˱ʥøˣоܾӼ̫⻹˵ʲô
ѹе
⡭ﵹû˵ʲôֻ˵Ըо¶ĳ谮ǰˡ⣬һ³ͰԼһ޹ʱԽԽ˭Ҳÿˣһȥ밲ʥ׼ϸǺܿʿͳˣȰ뿪ڳ˸߹ʥ˭Ҳÿôˣ͵ǲǸоʲôˣ
̧ͷһɻ
û˵ʯ䣬ͷԺӿ
ӵһʥʣ糯˲Ļ֣ʵһֱڹ۲ʥʵ״̬
Ͼʥʲ۹ȶ֧
ǴǰһʱĹ۲ʥʵϢȻ΢΢ЩңǾ󲿷ֵʱġϳʥʶ󣬶Ҳûʲô쳣糯֮飬忴ҲӲȥ⡣һֱΪʥʵЩҪϱӺúܶࡣ
ȻʱȵĻгģŸоĲ
ʥÿ³֮󣬶״ǾζʵԼԤҪصöࡣ
͵ܣ͵ܡ
ʱһӶߴ廽ѡգ۾عֻԼ˫üɻ
͵û°ɣ
Ǻǣû£
΢΢һЦҡҡͷ
͵ܣ˱Ҵ˵ǲϲɣòᷳˡ
Ҳûʵ
İɣµģ
ЦЦο
¶ĸ鳬ԽһУڱв˳ġ
Ŷ
ȽŽɣֺ󹬵ǲӦģ˵ӡǾв֪γο졣
㶼ô˵ӦİɣѵǱʲô£
Ⱥܿ뿪ˣ忴뿪ıӰ͸¶һ˿˿ɫ
ڶ糯һɣվڰеĩβϸĴϷʥʸϷ󣬿ƽû˿ĲȻȴһǿҵĲ

廹˼ʱͻ𣬴Ϸڳʱʥɫ΢䣬ͻȻվ˵תߡֻƬ̾ʧ˴Ϸ
糯ҵˣµ
ʱ򣬸ʿ߹ͻȻǰһڣ
ˣ
һ͵̧ͷֻһɧȻɧ֮Ƭ̣һбָ
ʥϣ
Ⱥ빪Ȼûκһ˾þȻ⣬жʱ
㶼Ѿˣ
ȵųİܯһͬ
֮ǰʵѾüˣʼʱҶܻңҲϰˣҴǿʢô꣬ܳ佫һԲþ£ټʷǵļල̫Ĳءֻ֮Ҫݽġ
һκɺľ飬Ҳһľ𣿡
ʵ
ţ
̾Ϣһ˵ͷ˲У뿪˻ʹ
ĳźһļ죬ʥ˳ʱԽԽ硣һεʱ򣬻ֻǰ˰ʱֻСյʱ䣬ʥʱʿǰ˳
еһУԽĲ

峿һ͸鷿֮С
鷿УһӰǰͣķһյ͵ȼӰΧѵźĹ±иֹϵĵ伮
үӵķԸصĵ伮ͳͳˡܽģǶб˹еӺ͹ȫˣͿûҪϣ
ǰһò¹٣һöһϵƣıݣδĵһ£


1262 
ʥʵҪк侳صϣһԶԶȲϻʹ붯˻ʹе֣࣬Դ˼˹еԴ
ͬҶ˳ǲ
֪ˣһģ
嵭
ǣūиǡүʲô飬ܷԸ⣬·Ըʲô֣ǽչϣܹ¸ТʥǳĹġ
˵ţ幪һ񣬺ܿ˳˷䡣
ȵ뿪ֻʣԼһˣеĵ伮Ŵ⣬̲ס̾Ϣһ
ʱգݣټİܹĵĵ伮¼ܹ⡣Ȼһδ˯ľȴʼһΨһҵĹ侳ϢҲֻᵽ侳ΣأһʼͲ;ϣûᵽ侳ʧܣһ߻ħ书˻
ϸ룬ϱӣԼ֪й侳ʥʵϢԴںĴ˵˵Ʋ⡣
£ܹ΢֪΢ڵ˶޼ǿ۹󽫣һ֪˵΢ϵ侳
ΪʥʵԵʣºܶһӶ֪һؾ硣
ȻǰսʤΪһսײУĵ۹ǰҪӡǣԽǵ˽侳ԽǸоʥ֮һ޴ĺ蹵
ǳ侳ʧܣʵΪʥʣΪҲȻɲ⣬ΪҲ޷侳жôǿ
˵ʥڹе״ԼʥߺݵĻңоԼӦЩʲôֹһУֻ֮һϣ

Ѱֵ伮Ҫ侳ϵʱ򣬵ڶ糯һ벻鷢ˡ
ˣʵگԻ
ΪճӣǫмӣʺΪӱʣɴࡢһͬ͢һմˣ
ϣ޴οյģʥʲӰǴܹܸʿ߹һַһʥּǰ򳯳

䣬ʿһ䣬ͬһذըڳк䣬޴𶯡ʥλô꣬ûз糯ôӴԼ顣ҰմƵĹأֻ׼λͣ׼δĴϳʱ򣬲Ż顣
Ǳֵ׳꣬书ͻȻ˸е
߹׷ʲôˣأΪʲô£
ôˣΪʲôɴӴ

ɲǼ䣬һѳӿǰȥ
߹µ׳ʲôˣ
ͻȻڵ
һֱڵ侳ʧܵ£û뵽ôʥʾֱ˳ãĻɴӴΪַǳøоʥʵԼԤĻҪصĶࡣ
ˣ
էһڣöʱһƬĳ׷͸ʿķΪƵرǾʱһϵ飬ǿӲѾӡ˵Ժ
ڳУѾӵ˷ǷķΪкһ֮һ
ʿüͷһ壬зһڣҪ˵һӵ⴫
⣬شɣ
ͻ˲ٹ٣ע⡣ʿҲ˳˹ȥ̫͵ĸߴĵŴһɫӰϣצۣżӺ
ӣ
ǵϤӰɫ΢䣬Ժ͵ӹһͷ
ĿӣУڳ״æͷ
£
£

Ҳ˵߰ͷ­΢΢˰֣ʾȺ
λض񣬸ʽżвʣ⣬Ҳ֪ʵĹµһضͻƣԾչأΪ壬ˣԺҪ鷳Ƕศ
˵ţĿɨϵ
¿ˣ
ָ΢Цԣȴһݣҡ
λԺ󻹸λ˶ָ㣡
Ŀɨ
ң
Ӣ䣬µľԲдҪָ㣡

ڳæͷ
ĹأһʼҲζţӺܾܿδĴƵһʥʡһ̣дж˾η
ӱ˫֣߰ͷ­ǰУһŴϷȥһ̵Ĵ緢һµƣھʱӽһ٣ͻȻͣ
Ǻǣּˣ
ˣССһٶ˵ע⡣ĿۼڵλáһʥʵӣδĴһǵʤնʱ΢
ڴ֮ǰ˽дţͼ£壬ƺܾ
ӿˣ
嵭
ʱΨһɫݵҲֻˡ屳˫֣ڴǰҲη塣
ϧڹǰ治þܾң
ͻȻһϸŵͻȻУһ͵̧ͷֻԼЦЦ촽䶯ȴûһȴʹ˴ܵĹ򡣶Զͬһʱ䣬΢·ʲô¶һ˿Цݡ
û˵ȻһЦŴϷȥ
Сӣһˣ
ͬʱԶһЦʩչܵĹһͬԺл졣ȻгԱһʥʰŴӵȴûޱȡ
һˡʹһ׽ȵӵǻұȻʧ衣ôˡ
ǣүɲҪЦ̫磡
ȻһЦͬص
㣡
ŭʱ򣬴Ѿϴʥʵˡʱ򲻷˵
ȻһЦҲûиٱ粵ȥ
ϻʵ۵ıģһȷɡӺЦ̫ˡ
壬ڵβڹУûټǸѿǴӼһﶼѾ˴ӺָУҲֻв¡ߵҴһǲ̫׽αҲζϵĸʳΪǿǴ
³塢بȫһ³΢΢ͷüչ
³ǰϴ󶼻ʱ򣬴£³ܾˣ塢Ҳʹй϶˺ʹӵĹϵôӼʲôϢδӼλ˸Ǵ³еĵǿ֪


1263
ǹ˽˽ǴӻĻӼλ㡾ְأԼְλֻҪûзʲô´Ҳ۹չڣеĹƶȡɷ伮괫ģⲻǴһʲô͸ʲôܹƻġӷͬǹҲ
Ȱ
ȻʥôҲЩϣԸǹ̹䣬ֻҪԼûʲô飬ûʲôɵġ
λ˲صǣδ̳ʥλõģǴӣ
ʱһͻȻ˶
ˣ仰³ԼبǶȻһ͵Ťͷ˶塣
޴λһλ飬һλһƷسÿһպգͬ죬ÿһӵоصĵλƾոǷȥƱȻ󲨡
ҲؽΪжд̣ݡ
ں˵ʲôҲ̸۵𣡡
һԣبסˣŶͦ壬
󲮣ģ֪˵ʲô
˰֣Ȼ
ոԼһϯ˶ľ֪ʷ򣬴ζϻʵ۱һȷɡ
壬ôô϶
³࿴һۣ´Ӳ޵ķʸô˵ض̣ſڴƻơֻôҲ벻ףΪʲôôšѾǲ²ˣǺƶӾˡ
ǣʥʵıǵ߾֮˳˳򣬻Ʒ£̹൱ȴһ㡣һʵ۵λӹϵʥӢܽƾһ׾;˼̳ߡңʥҪӼ̳дͳĻº֮ǰ¾ѾյΪˣȵڻٳٲ
ݵ
˻࿴һۣʱ˵˵ĵǳ׶ʵ˶׵ġ
ʹ濴ƽͣ˽ȴǾҡԭܼ򵥣ΪʥʳٳûоλӣȻǵճӣӦü̳дͳֻҪʥһ컹ûյ㣬ͻúܡ
˵ˣ£мҪ˵
廰ͷһƲܿתˣ
£γ͢ҷһƽ²µС٣ҲΪְԲѡأΪƵֲǺĴĹԱ֮͢󣬿Իμ糯ʥʲڣԼӺָһʱҾͲ׼μ糯ˡ
ţȻھȨұȲӺˣڣʲô鼸ͨٽһȨͨһЩڱľ飬һǿ취ǵġ
˵ͷҲûϸʡʥʸһȨĺôǿǯңҽһ⵽
壬ʲôƻ𣿡
³ʱڵĿԣܶڵʱȥûʲôºȴ֤ޱȵȷʮ϶ʨӳǣ˵ķأʱû⣬Ҳۣºȴ֤ȷޱȣӵоصĵλ
ȷʵһЩ뷨ڻ˵ʱ򡣡
ƽԺȴۺǸصš

̸۵ʱͻȻ֮䣬һɧ⴫ȺͻһͻȻÿһԵĳֻѾ֪ʻʦպĲ֡
ڲĵشȺۼƺ̸ʲô˳Ⱥۼĵطȥɼǽ˼Űġ
ˣ浽ʲô
ᣬ˵ͻȻڵ
ǣ£
⴫һֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һӰȥѸٳ⣺
үҵڲġ˵ĺƽɸΪ񲯣´ͬʱķн̻Ҳ˺ܴĽչͻ½ѧð˰ǧӵܽѧãѧϰĻʹƵԣ˹½ѧİѧ˾ǧˣһЩҲнܴƽ̻گѧǧˣ߾ѧǧˣʳ࣬ﵽһǧѧԱﵽˡĺڣĵҺ͵˶³ɼƵֻҪ˼ţ½ٲսҲԳõıսҺͻ
ˣ
³û˵ʲôⷬȴͫһıɫಣû˷ӦһݣͻȻƿն
³ˣ󲮣һ´ϵ
ڻ죬ӰҵŰǰͣƬ̣һ˸˲ʧ
ҵĸۡУ帺ֶ½Ʈ裬ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ӥȸǡԪȫۼߡ
ˣѾˣ֡ȸ֡׻֣ʦֵ࣬ĵطҼ˰ģ
ԪǵһϵģӵͼҴҵĸȥ飬õϢһʱ㱨
Ǳ֡֣֡Щӵܾûĵطͬ˰ġ
Ǹŵ
յϢҾѾȫɳȥˣѾϢرϡǶǱȫҰģˣǹڣڷơ
˵ӥĿⶢ壬ޱȡ
ȥ¥ݷλʱӥҲǸһͬȥģΪˣһεжӥиоһıζ
ˣһָобһڳеģ»ֻǿʼºܿͻĶ
ˣҵõϢҲʦ࣬ʦЩһǣǵ˷ھʦܶĲ¥ƹһЩｲڡǡΪ󡯣ս˵ʱ򣬻˴ƺܱĹϵ˲ٵĹڡ
ȸ
ġ˵顭
帺˫֣վҵĺ԰У΢۾Ժ˲Ϣͷӥ˵ûң׼ȷ˵ſʼˡ
ˣô죿һڣĿĿ»ǡ
ȸŤͷ壬һǡ
һϯ˵Ŀ׷׼еϣҲʲô϶ǳűģΪҵ֮һעΪǵĿꡣ
Ҫ
۾鿴侲ޱȣ
ڻֻڱ߻ĵĹһ㼴ûǣҲҪģǻû¶ĿģҲûвȡκγжʱǻ˲ȡʲôж
½ѧáڴԣһںɺģֻڻѡһ㣬˫ʵûʲôͻҲԷë
³ôģضͼıڲʲôʱңǵĿֻ򡣡ǣдһȥպɽҵǣ⣬ζסԲƣ¿ʵ
ͻȻۣһԺȴ¥顣


1264 
ǣˡ
ѸȥʵѾȥüˣֻҪǴӲɡ

ǲ߳ͻȻһƿͷ̧ͷȥֻһֻӥռ£ҽϣһöɫͭƬĿ
ˣţ
Ԫ
£Ϣͬвͬı־˲ؿţֻҪһۣʹ֪Ǵˡ
ӥ䵽ӥļϣ߲ż㣬ֻǿһۣıɫ
ˣˣҵպɽţгˣ
ӥ첽߹ȥߵһ¡һʯǧˣӹӥеţжʱɲ
պɽģеĲƲõ֤ʵ
뿪֮Ҹֽӹ˴ȨߵʱǱ񲿺ͽѺͣ͹Ӷ˼ķ߿ҺĴӺɺѺɺԼŵԵ£ҲþлҵĲ
ȵҸɵΪ෽ǯƣڽеĲƵ˼¡
Ѿȥ˼ţպɽҵƣЩ飬Ҳ޷ơ
ʼʱֻһˣ˺̸۵ԽԽ࣬ͳ˧òֱ´Ͻ̸κйغɺ飬Υ߾á̸ܿۺɺ飬йĽʿеҼ֣ԽԽ˵õϢΧ£С
ͳ˧ֱ˶ץպɽҵõϢʱѾˡΪץ棬ֱӾպɽѵЩˣҵµǰƢ꣬׼ΪսôˣȴȫˮΪ򱧲ƽűץסѱ׽
ȻõϢҪȫƣǵʱΪ䣬ҲֻΪ˱ȫ£뵽Ԫ˧ĶԿ֮Сһ飬֮ͦǰдţԭίԭԭĸ塣
ô˵պɽҵѾȫ׽ˣ
忴ţɫˡ㲻㣬Ѿȫȥֹˡ
պɽҵߵĹǸɣһսҵϾ͸ˡ˳£岻ܲܡΪˣףպɽµЩѵ󳵲ӱ׽ãõʱΪʲô֪ΪȻͦվҵͳ˧Կ
еһпȴŵһŨŨıζ
ӥ֮ǰպɽҵأǱ߶ѾͬˣΪʲô˳ٳûжڻ
ͻȻڵ
ԴӺۼͺպɽҵӱ½Ǿʦϣֻ¤ݣͨͨ⣬ں͸Ĺϵȫ⡣⣬֮以ִ⻷Ҳʹպɽҵǵĵκ⣬οѾͨ³Ǳġ
֮ǰ˻عһţ˵ȷʵ˵ˣеģľȫͳ˧￨סˡԾиɽΪɣպɽҵȫ˾С
ӥͷ
쵰
ɫһʱñޱȣ˵֮ǰһԤУôѾԿ϶һУżȻʵһжΪ
ۣ
ʯ䣬Ժһͷ¥Ǹһɫµˣ֮ⳡսԶĻҪöࡣ
ϵ³ñִ¡⣬дţһĵһĵ¤֥ⳣ壬б󽫸溲ʩѹܵĻñͥ󶼻˼˳ͬʱ档еı󽫶һϵƣ˼˳Ӧ׸ôҵҪ۹ֱһʩѹ˭
ޱȣ
ȸҵƣȻȥһҺ˵ƣҹ̣ǰ͢ҲͰˣҵҪھ֮УǲǸҺԼеĴ󶼻󽫾ΪУ
󽫾ټϱ³һӴκΪ֮η
ǣˣ
ӥȸȥ
Ԫ㼴ϵ³Ҫ֪ͳ˧ȫϣԽԽã


Ԫæ
ǣҲ׼һۣҪͳ˧ȫϳã
Ťͷŵ۶ʹķбĿĹâ
仰дϲæͷ

¡
ʱ֮󣬵۵ϳãٹٶУھʦ֮ɲΪ۹ԺգһսڳҰⶼӵмߵսԼݣһһӵоصķ
⻹λ֮󣬵һڳʽ൯Ҷεͳ˧鱬֮ڳҰ˾޴ĺ䶯


ڵ۶ɲʱֻһƿյգҹɫУһֻ׸Ѹٷ˾ʦһƫƧ׵԰֮С԰һţһֹţΣⷭһż
ӣô죿Էķ̫ˣǱ߲ŲոĲ¿жȻֱӸϳ͢ھǿʱ
ڰһ۵һ߹̷ţϣ¶һīɫӡǣеĸ֡
ķ̫̫Ѹˣ˵ļƻУҪͨЩҪЮ壬Ͷ˼ɡҲԮ޷ˡȻû뵽ķӦôңȫâһֲ
ӣڱ˴Ϣ³Ѿݾʩѹеλ֡³ô֪ϢһǸ֪ͨȻ˱֣ҲȻǷڲλˡӣҪ֪ͨĳࡢƳعǣŵºбѺľʿ𣿡
һԱߴĻճһӰȴһֻʮŮӡŮذ׵ۣͷںīһٲͷйֻһûκεľͷţһţһĸо
˵עģŮڰĹϸȥͻ֣ᷢŮȻǳ˫ţھĵطһֺϸԲͬɵһ㣬Уɢһ΢⡣
û˵ֻĿ⻺еĹž̧ͷͶϣǽӳճһӰһޱԶƽĸоһڹžһ̶޷
ﾲĵģߺͰŮĿۣȴĴ𸴡


1265 īɫӡǣ׭
ĳ࣬ƳعҺòװھŶӣݣڳϸǣ߳ϵĸʱ⵹ҪǣԽϣҡ
Ϊĳ࣬Ƴع˵ȫԲ鵽ġ
ˣ
һ۷¹žվ
ֲĲŸոտʼƳعţǱߣǻ취ӦЩȹţԸһʱκβǡ
ǡơȣĲΥ浽͢ҲֻǾȻЩ£κεƳعǣеһУȶѾǵ÷ǳܵοĿıҲΪ˶ԸǼ¡
ϣ鶼Ѿ׼׵𣿡
ͻȻڵ
ӷеһжѾ׼׵һжֻȹӵ
һԵϿڵ
ǾͿʼɣ

һ࣬ĸۡ塢³ب¬֮͢ҶϡϵˣȫۼһСڣӳɽټˡ塢³˲һλãΧһȦ
ҰӴһˡһǲأ壬ĸۡڽ쵱Уڶ깤ĸۡ˶ټ˹
壡ҶˣռϢʹ˵һɣ
ɨһ۷ڵˣͻȻڵ
ţ
ҲûͰԼؾ֮еĵ飬ͨث¼۵鶼˵˳ֻΨʥʵ顣
ʥǵ۹ĹǣǶƣȶĵҪʥʵй¶ܿҰĻҺͻ̿֡
ﾲĵģ˰Ĵبڣȫšڳϵ˶ˣȻ˭Ҳû뵽ڳ֮⣬˻ڻ֮еʱѾϢĲĻʹ
ǲ˼飡˼ʱ䳯Ұⷢô飬ȫǳһ˵ֱʣ
Ҷ૵г𾪡
ЩϼһѾ˳˵۹ĺģϵҲֻ֪ţ֪ôۡʱ˿̣Ҷϵĸпֺγ˵ĸ롣
˭õ̫ʦָЩλ˳سȻͬʱһʮ߰ˣֱ췽ҹ̷
ⷬǴ˵˭Ҳš
޵ķʸֻҪ˵ģ˵̫Ǵ߳ģ˿¶š
ҲҪλ˵ģһʮˣôܹ̫ͣʦǡرԸӲ׳ˡûӴ֧֣ǲġҲϣҰæģλҵĳʶ㣬˵ܹ֪ŵ
忴˻
Էһˣ岻ƾһ˵ȥԿһӴҲټԭ
壬ȷ𣿡
ûлش𣬶ǰ廭Ǹİӡǿʵ
һ˲˵ĿⶼۼУǸīɫӡϡ
ţ
˵ͷ
ɲǼ䣬ﾲĵģ˶ϸűĻֽֽϵīɫӡǷǳŹ֣էһһֻ񣬵ϸȥȴֲһƻǻַ֡
ϷҲǴӺ۳ң˾ʮֱ꣬־ǰûм˵֪ڴƣȻǿֵز
³İӡǣпѣ˶٣ŵ
Խˣ˵صԽͼıԽ󡣡
ⷽ棬ҿҲﲻæ
Сڵ
ǳģҲģ֪ⷽĻ治ࡣ
ôΣһ˿
ڲ
û˵ˡﾲĵģĿж¶˼ɫ
ʵ˵Һеӡ󡣡
ͻȻһڴ𣬶ʱ˵ע⡣
ϣ
̧ͷЩĿŶ棬һϺҶϡ
˶ǾŹµľɲģҲ˵ġ
Ҷ㻹ǵʮǰʥʳ꣬ոյǻϻλʱиҵ˸ʥʽ׺𣿡
һ˵ţһԱߵҶϡ
⡭
ҶһҲû뵽ϻͻȻʮǰ顣˶һ͵ˣܶ飬ǵô
ˣʱǸ˻ײһ£ʥʵļûнʹҴˡ
ѵ
仰Ҷüͷһйâƺʲô
Ҽˣʱȷʵһҵȥʥʣʥʻ̫͵еӼʱˣԤƵ˰ʱ䡣
Ҷϵ
ʮǰļǲô࣬ʥʼôҪ鶼󣬲ҵ˶ⳡʢĵ񣬶һˣȴǰ˳ʱͻסˡ
ʱע⵽Ǹ͸ʥʵϾֱǡ
Ͽڵ
ˣ
ϵĻһ͵Ťͷ˹ȥֻ֪Լܴʳ֮ͻȻ֣ȴ֪ʮǰҲֹҺʥҲϵ
Ҷϣȷĺһģһ
ͻȻڵϵĻֹ⣬ͬҲ˲졣
дģʥƳټʽĿɲ̫ࡣ
֣ص
ҲֻһΣԺҲûЩ˵Ϣ˵𣬿Ҳ¡
˶ˣٴγĬܴõϢѾջˡ
ʵīɫӡǵ룬ҵоһ֣
ʱһֱûôڵĴѧʿ¬֮͢˵ˡ
ⷬ嶼һ־緢ֵģûз־мһ֣һɲǼ䣬ˣ׷ٴο˹ȥΧЩ·ͼϸ۲ǵ룬˱ûʲô¬֮͢һ˵˶ʱоȷʵмεӡ˵֣ȴָоúԶ
¬֮͢ǱĴѧʿԼ㣬Ȼô˵ضԭ򣬾޵ķʸ
״Щ׭ͽֲͬһּϵ֣ڵ֮һ֪˶٣˵ǿˡҲżȻһżϿ׭ֻƬצ
¬֮͢˵ţͻȻץʼϵëʣֱߵǰӺīֻʾָͣϵֽ
һɲǣ˿ѩ׵ֽϣһͼƻǻַ֣Ȼź廭īɫӡǽȻͬ߰˷֮
⼸ҴǱżϿģҲֻ֪β֪⡣
¬֮͢
֪׭Ļͺ˵ˣ鵽ε˼˵֪ŵĵϸ
ʱһԵҶ˵ˣ
¬ѧʿʶ㲩һ֪˭ʶ֡


1266 䶯ѵӪ
ȷʵ֪һλϲռ׭͸ֵ伮ѧиֹ±мЩһǧʷʱһֱҪȥݷͶİȴһֱԵһ档ҿǱż뿪֮ǰµҵġλŵĻѾӽʮĸˡ壬ҵĻ˵ܲ鵽һЩˡ
¬֮͢Ǹˣǵϲ伮ҪǣԸƧ̫ϲͱ˽ӴҪȻʱҲˡҶʮȥλǲǻţ˭Ҳ֪¬֮͢ϣã
¬ѧʿλʲô֣ҰȥѰҡ
忪ڵȻϣãȻһԡ
ݹޱȣҪҵһˣҶԷֲϲȺӵˣ룬ϼѣҲ¬֮͢ϣãԭ򡣲ھۼ۹ӽ˳ϵҴ壬ǵ鲼ݣǵδؾҲλϲռżѧ
³飡
¬֮͢
ɲǼ䣬ٴΰ
ʵҪ֪Ϣһ취
ͻȻƳĬ
£
ⷬ˴Ϊ⣬ҲһŤͷ˹ȥŵȻԲ鵽һȴ֪ġ
Ŀ磬ɨˣҲûȥ£ֱӹ˴𰸣

Ͼڳϴĥ꣬ʶ㣬ҲĴˣڳϵǻۣ¾嶼۷ѡ
Ųһֱټ֪ġԸ֪ԷĵϸöԷʸԼǾڶԷġԸĸ棬̫ʦʹӣǡǡסҲԱסܡϹܼң¾ͽȥˡ
ͷҲص
ūס
Ϲܼһ̷ۣ󣬹һϿ˿ı顣
忴һĻгһ󲮡¬֮͢ϡÿ˶ÿ˵ľǻۣҲټһԭ
˿ߣľѳ֡ҪԿδֻ֪ŽпܡʵҲ֤ȷʵṩҪİ
ˣ
˵ʱͻȻһ󼱴ٵ⴫
˭
ɫһ䣬Ťͷ˹ȥڵҲȻס
£Ĳ£˵м
⣬һߵĻҲƬ̵ʱ䣬¡Ŵ򿪣ӥ糾ͣ˽
ˣˣѵӪϢ
ӥɫأҶ˵ǰϥ£Ȼеż㹧˹ȥ
ż㣬ֻȼ֣һ£ѵӪĽ̹ǧﱻץڶ飬ʽͦѵӪ
ˣɫ䣬վ
󲮡³ˣλǰе£ʱ뿪
˵ĿѸ뿪ĴţѸٵһӥ糾ͣһᡣ
ʲôʱ£
忪ʵ
Ǹողõ£ѾȥˡѵӪòԶӦúܿϢ
ӥ
˵ʱҲƬ̵ʱ䣬񶯣һֻŸѸᣬϢȻֹۡ
ھʦģҵĹֻһʼۼһ̽ܵʱţڶĿܿ׼ƺպѵӪ
ڲǰһذϢƵѵӪһҵáӴԺѵӪ˽ڲļգ͸ֱսԣͬʱһǵҽûͨõĿˣ㲻ܴѵӪ˳ҵҲܲμӴƵκһ֧ӡοʧܣᱻѵӪֱȰˣ޷ٽܸһѵѧϰ
ƣ
ڣ͵ؽеż߬һţ˱ŭޱȡ
ѵӪӽ֮佫ĵطеһѧϰպͱΪȲƱսıʾɱ¾ѵӪǣһΪĿ˱׼ֱѵӪ֮Ŀıۡ
ǧΪѵӪĽ̹٣Ϊһ㣬Żᱻ͢ɳץ
ˣѵӪʥģλȻɿôô쵽棬ҷô
ӥ
Խ˽⣬ţӥԽɵǵֱ޾κεطԲֽȥ
һΪӵĹϵ
屳ᣬɫޱȡ
ѵӪʥֱͳϽͨ޷֣ڣֻҪͣҾܹСҡšֻҪԡޡ壬Ϳ˳ͨ
ȻͻȻûнһϢֻ΢һ˼ƲеĹؼ֡
ಣ
˵ʱһֻŸͨ˽ͬʱ⴫һ죬ƺʲô
ˣˡոյϢ͢ոͨһžѵӪΧ֮ڣϽκε˽ʩеׯ԰¥һɲˣֹԺ鷳ˡ
ȸ洫˵棬ԽԽ͡
̫̫ˣ
պɽҵ黹ûнʦ֮нߵѵӪȻûκε֤ݣϹӶоóһڣǳġ
ѵӪ۹Ļ۹ĽǷ׷׳
µĳ²á֪պɽ˷׷׳ѵӪֹԺΪ˽Լۻ᳡ۼѵӪľӢӵܡҲᣬдԼıսԣԼķʽΪ۹ѵδĽǡ
ֹԺѵӪֻ߾룬͢ֹԺڲ֮Сʣһȫǳġ
ɽ¥һĹƣԶеĻҪѸ͡
⣬ˣǸոջõϢɳݾ¥ʼȫ´ͬ˵Ҳ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
ȸ油
ֹԺѵӪҽáҵⲨ级һ㣬ӥȸоһӴѹ
û˵ı۾ȴյָߵнûš
ͣ
ͻȻ忪ڵƥ˻ͣ
ͻһɲǼ䣬ӥȸڵ塣ܾĵģֻȺ
ֹԺҵֱ͸ѵӪԺΪѵӪѵĵط
Ƭ֮ͻȻڵ˫ĿſһɲǣĿᶨޱȡ

һӥȸסˡ


1267 ¼
ֹԺѪϵʱ;൱Ĳǳ˹֮սУҲѸ¶ǵľ츳ͲŻ
˵ֹԺоۼѵӪѧıƾԼĻ
ԭΪֹԺֿû뵽Ȼѡ˽ֹԺ͸ѵӪ
Ȼ˽⣬˶ţԵ޹ʵ־

ӥͺһƺʲô⣬ȸƺ뵽ʲôһʱ֮벻̫С
ŽǴӵƣӽȴʥʵƣһŽҪԿţ͵ҪԿʥʣǾԲܵģοѵӪʥģڷ֮ǰϵһ㣬ȫ׼
һƽԺȴǸšİ
ǸԳ۵䣬Ȼֻжʮ߰꣬Ƿ֮ʱȴޱȣ糱ˮ˴Ϣ֮Ҫǣ㾡˼ȫȫԤϵ˶ԷܵжԷת徿ռǳ֮١
ȻûֱԷ⽣ӰԷ׺֮ԶԹôĶ֣ȴܱȵ۵ġ
ȵԷֹԺ罫ֹԺ͸ѵӪȻһ޷صǰһ٣޷ٴβ֡ҲԾܵıֹԺ

ˣ
ӥĲзĵ۷ͣеǻΪҲ޿κΡҵĹΪΡ
ȸϵԼ߻ĸĴ󶼻󽫾룬ԱһµġǻءȫΪ߻ĶǡбúѵӪĿͳͳյǻءұ֤кϸѧԱ͵
Ŀ⿴ǰ䣬ޱȣƺ޾Զ
⣬Ÿ溲˼˳֥ͨثд󶼻󽫾ǣһڽǻؽҵı顣ֻҪǴ֧֣ǩδǻصˣһɣ͵Ǿ֮С˹ͺɺı֣ǲܾ
κξһ󶼻Լ³壬ȫƹңʽֻҪǽ˽еľӶ͵߻ģҲ޿κΡ
һϵе˲Ϣ䷢ӥȸʼõϢʱ巢Щʱ˭Ҳʲôˡ
ǣȥ죡
ͬʱӦ
⣬֪ǧﱻ𣿡
ͻȻڵˮڣʲôĲԣ޷ԼЧвľֻʣǧİȫˡ
ǧĵһ̹٣ҲΨһһ̹٣һֱ塣
شˣѾˣǧԴѵӪ֮󣬾ͱǲͻؾ뵽С
ȸ
仰Ŀⶸգһ£ճ͢ĹأзµĽᱻѹе·ᱻѹ̲漰͢ҳԱĻᱻѹ£֮ˣᱻѹ£רһЩⷸġµܣǡǡ
֣ЩѾ֮˵ˡ
ߣȥ£


ʹǣڵĵط
طصƫƧʦٵģλõԣУѰ˵Ȳÿ
¡
ֻһ춯صıը˹һĲҽУһȫװ»߷ݰ˳ȥ˻ڿУϵףеͱ͵ķѡӥȸ񣬾ֱﴳȥ
£ס֣
һŭӵ쳹գµĸһּܻŭϵĴ˷
ȻһֳΧ֮ڶ޷ͱһɹ˺ɣ߸ͬһתײһ𣬼ûһ˿Կ
ǧﱻ
һ죬һµĸͬһƿնСָһգǯһ㣬εǯס¸ֵĲӣСһڿС
ңңҲģѾõϢϾͻӲ˵ģ
µĸͨ죬־־壬ȴ˵
ߣǰӲûá
һ¸ֿ־ĿУһӴľƿնԺ֮Сһ΢ĵֿ֮ľѸû¸ֵʶ
£ڶʮżΣ
˵⼸֣һ¸˳ȥк󷽵ʮ֣ҵһƬ
¡һը糱ˮһˢܣ磬԰ټƵ¸ֵأǿд˵
µĵ¼ɭֲѺһͷɢһϱˣ̷ܹ忴ԽķŭǶǧﶯ˽̣Ʋǡ
Դˡ
ȸӥ󣬴󲽳ǰȥµڶʮżڵλöȥȻҵʮηλõʱһ´סˡ
⣡
Σģһ˵
ӥȸ
Ӻ߹ȥǶżΣҲͫһȻֹյģȻûһˡ
ܣ
ĵһӦǧŸոձץû͸ϹˣѺλãҲǴ¸ֵԺСʡģֿڹ˼١
һΣǲǱתˣ
ڵ
ǣˣ
ӥȸһηȥĿһתܿע⵽˲Զһոձɳȥ䡣ˣһɾƿնѸ̽Ժ֮УȻһ̣֮еϢһһ˫üͷֻԭŵɫɢˡ
ǧﱻ˾ˣ
ԺеõϢ֮ǰãһݺܸߵĺ˳УǿаǧӶʮηߡӵʱԷĹϵӦƵзѣΪµͼ
ô£
ɻ֮ǰûԤϵĵġԵԸſԸȥˣͨ˿ġҪǣǧʶôãû˵ʶô߼Ĵڡ
ѵǸ˵ģ
Ժд˷
ʵǧھҲСϢģǧˣһصľǣǧﲢûʲôȴѵӪĽ̹죬ѵӪеĵλԶĽ̹֮ϡ
ңҲѵӪУΨһһλڡͳ˧Ľ̹١


1268 ս
ԴˣһСˣϵܻడ
忴ſյĵڶʮη¶һ˿Цݡ
ȸӥˣߣ
ͻȻڵ˵仰תߣȥ

ͻӥȸ࿴һۣ룬׷˳ȥ
ɭڰ¼߳ոտţһ󱥺ŭԶԶ
壡ֱ޷ˣȻҵˣΪβ𣡡
̧ͷֻɽ˺֪ٸ־ۼڵ⣬ΧסЩ˵룬һۣɫڳһȺ˵ӵ£ɱڣɫʱ˿ѿޱȣĿɱ˵ĻôڿѾˡ
Ŀһɨµĸ֮⣬ɭϣ֪ٸֳָ̽ȫװӿЩȫѶ֮ĸ֡
ߣ
忴һĻֻһЦһãֱǰȥ֮
սǧˣЩĲڡ
ΣѵӪĽ̹٣ʲôʱֵץˣ
Ŀ䣬ֱ߹ȥûаη˼
ˣ
ɫ࣬˸˽˵ֱ̣ǳơ
˶һϸûаѪҺΪͿԺƽƽ£Ȼˣͱ뿪
ɫֱһӣɲǼ䣬һɹǿϢͬɽ緢һ㣬Щǿϱһɹȫ塣
ҪҶҲҪԼＸ
һըһɰ˴ϱɲǼֻһߣһַ׷ģŵŵȥ

һĻҧгݣŭɶ¡һ̤һɫľƺƵ緢ֱʡһɲǵϢ籩һգۼͻƵʥ侳ֱʥ۷壬ڳƵ۹֮Ʋɵ˲ʹﵽ˵۹󽫵۷弶𣬲һ
ʱ˿̣չֳʵѾѷɫڰ˹֮ˡ

һĻӥȸдΪ𺳣˶֪Ű裬λ߾¡ȴ֪书Ȼ˸ǿֻƾչ¶Ϊ¾¶ǿ֮ˡ
ˣҡض·Բ֮ڶڼ𶯣飬һ̣Ųһ̤ʱԭĲӰ˶ʱһͷŭһ㣬ǰȥ
֪ĶҪʬΣ
ҧгݵ쳹£˵ĿУһĹϵŻѪͻȻ˶һ̣ӰãɲǼ䣬ֻһͷ޴ģɽһľ֣ɫƤëгеһжκη
ޣ
һִ˵УԶʱǰݴϵǿʹ֮ӵزѧΪ׹УٿԽӴаϵĹű
ŷպޣȡ侫ɵľѧȻһŹǿľѧ

ۿ磬Юž˵ǰɽֻһЦ
ȷʵǵǿߣֻݸߣҰĴʵΪҲ൱ľˣֻϧʵǿȴͣڵϣû΢ľ硣
¡
һ̣һ̤غ˶ʱڵһ֮ҵײľ֮ĵط

һϿջ죬¡¡һ㡣ͷϷɲǼ䣬˶һֻþͺͬʱһһֻӰ
¡
·һɲǣֺֻͣһ춯صľ죬ֻһҽУһ̣һӰʯһ㣬бб䣬صҽ֮ǰĴ֮С
Ѹݣҳһ޴ĿӶʯǧɢй̳

£
£
ɲǣǰһƬң˴ʧɫ˴˷׹ĵطӵȥɫޱȡ
һֽʼĿ죬ĸ죬ֻһ֣ͳ׵ˡ
ߣ
Уһ˦ţһƬҶ㣬ƮƮûдﵽ΢𣬿¾΢֪ƾһܡ
գ
˫أƵᣬû˿ңȻһսδȫ
ߣ
Ŀݣûпһ׹ĵطʹӥȸȥ
ˣ
ӥȸ󣬿һĻҲϲޱȡԣһαܣǳ׵޴ˣҲǳ׵ĳһڶ
壡Ҫɱ㣡
˸ոûͻȻһ춯صŭ޾ɱӶд¡̳ըһӰѸٵǰɱ
˺ۣǱѣһ˫ȴĶ壬еɱʵʣһ㡣
ͨͨϣɱСӣ
鱩ޱȡΪҹУݷǷޱȣļУ˼޲ΨΨŵŵޱȣû˸һƻļƻԣһƣǿ£˵֡
ֱǰδе裬˷ζҪըˣ
壬Ҫ
бŷĺ⣬е¸ͬЩǿߣ׷籩㣬ϯȥ
ס֣
ʱֻһıȴɲǼ䣬غ̳⣬֪ٱӿһĻͻɫһʶŤͷ棬۾΢Уͬ˹ȥֻһۣһϤӰ

壬ͻȻֵǵӰҲסˡôû뵽ʱΪٹ֮ףĴָȻʱٹ٣ԼǷ˾ı
Ϊ컯գǬȻ´֣ɺͳ
ָһһƷ糺ۣһƥɫĿû̲סŭһɸֵӡ󣬶ʮԱĿҲͣɨֵֹġھʦ˺Ƥ֣Ҳͷһˡ
ҴٹٸϹ֪Ҫֳʲôӣ˶ɢ
һ䣬ȴǳЩ¸ֺЩǿ˵ġ
޺޵Ŀǰ壬һһףٲģôٹٿţټϴָҲ޷پȥˡ


1269 ԽԽ
еȺ׷ɢ
ֻ΢΢۾һָ˼
¡¡
˵ʱʱ죬ʱҡضһԶ
Ӽݵ
ˣһݣѭȥֻԶ˾޴־־лʹΪʵػĽųһУƺƵ·Щ־Ļ£һӰ
ӣ
ԽգһۿǵϤӰ
ʥӴΪʥʲӴľǻʵۣ⻹һڻʹĵطӡ
ССһ£̶һڣȻͬʱۼ˴ࡢӡټȨһɲǼ䣬΢һ΢ĸо
ҲָۣʹȻбȻֻһɲǼ䣬˴ӵ
壬ӣȻ嶼ҴˣսɱˣѵҲսɣ
һ仰ֱĿϡ
һƥս죬ӴȺԾȳµķ
μӣ
˷׷񣬾ָҲϹһ
£ãǿ£ҵǿˣµӹɷֱ޷죬һҪ汾
ӣĻһףһӭȥͬʱһָ壬һģ
˲Ϣٹ٣ָͬеĿȫ壬ǰĵģ˷һεѹѹ
쵰ЩǹԸүģ
ӥȸһĻʱӦǰһУǰƺõģΪľǶԸ塣
ָ࣬ڣǰһĻˡ
ǡ
΢紵ԣµͷ˶Էͼı巴ƽȻ޾塣
ӺÿɰŸյƬ̣˾ͽǴӵ£վһ𣬵һ۾жǱĹ޹ء
ǺЦ
һ˵ɫ䡣
رǴӸһΪֵزٻʾ䣬û뵽ȻǿӲ
ҺԣѾʶǡ

ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬жһŭֻǹ°ͶԼҲͰˣȻѡͶӣֱǲʶ̧٣Լ
壬˼ѵԩ㲻ɣ
壡ҿǺɺʤ֮󣬾Ŀӣ֪ߵغˡǵµĵӣʥʲڴľǱ£ѵԴ˵𣿡
ʱҲ
ʵη϶Ѳ
ֻǾ¶ѣֲǻʹأΪѵССһ¶ܿ𣿡
帺ֶҲá
Ȼڵǰ˵ǿ£ǿˣǱ㣬õ˺ڣ
˵գĿ磬ɨһָۡӡȴȻɫ
ԤеӣʱӦǴǧģ֪Ϊʲô߳ߵĲ⣬ûǧ֮ǰԤеӽȻͬ
һɲǼ䣬ӺָĿ

һͻʱ˵
ӺָڵĻش𣬵ҲǸոոϵµģ֪ô¡
ץסİѱ޷Ծǿһ㣬޿֡
СӣĲ㣡
ҧгݣȴƫƫá
쵰ҵѵҲԩ𣿡
߳ŭ
ֻǵһۣȴٰѱһ㣬ȻҲ͹ֲñˡ鱾ǱдȣӥȸһЩ͵£͵Ǹǵҽá
쵰
仰Ӷˡ
ⷬ˵ʼֱиɻƫƫȫκβá
ָǸ飬ȴʧɫһǿ£βΪ֧˴Ĵ󳼹β壬൱ڱٹٿЦἫӰԼڰٹе
ף˺ۣòҲҪϣ˵Ҵİɡ
ŤͷЦЦ
ˢ
仰һǵһ㡣仰ǵʱɱ⣬޲øɵ壬ǵ棬ҲܳϡһȷʵܹԸ塣
壬Լ𣬾ƾΪΪԸ˱𣿡
ɫ
仰ӥȸӶҪЦˣԼүһȷʵĸԸ͸߰ʱ򲻿ܳϵģҲҪѪ̡
ʱҲаЦ
ǾͺãһΪҳֲСĴ˵£
仰ֱڵһƫƫ㷽ҲûС
˵ʱʱ죬ʱ򣬺¡¡һںʹָȻͬһһƺƵ¶
ӡָһŤͷ˹ȥеȫԲǵˡ
µ
ʱһѭȥֻȺӵһܻװλıݡ
³˼ݵ
Ƭ̣һ
ɫ䣬˭Ҳû뵽ͱ³ȻҲʱ
һ࣬ӥȸˣȴ΢΢һǰ£ҲǺ׼ĵ̣ǰŸȥž֪ͨ
ʱֻΪԷһʱؿȷޱȡ
³ڣٴӺָй˼ɣ޼ɵĶԸ塣
μ£
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬³һǰһϵ
һͬϵ˴ǰ
񣡡
Ӱ˰֣ı򶨣ȴǰ޲ѣһ֣Ը壬ʱҲòˡλ󳼣ȫۼǻʲôͻЦ󷽡
ڸŵ´ٹȥ£˶ˣ֪ǳʲô£
ۣ߹ȥڴӵǰһ񣬿ʵ
Աϣ濴ɫ磬ȴ΢΢һ
Ǻǣˣ±ΪԼΪ˵£ǡɵѡ
ʱһԱߴָƮƮͻȻڵ
ⷬ˵õˮ©˲佫Ʋĸɸɾ
˵£ǻҪټȺ鸣ݵ𣿲Ƽ뿪֮ٸϹҲһ
ָ


1270 ϵ
ָһѡӶʱȻ򡱣
˵ǣ壬Ǿ뿪֮ɣ
˵գһȥ
£ҺʹӾһˡ
ָɫ㣬Це˵մһǰȥ
˵ıӰ΢΢һݣŤͷķ΢΢һ³õϢʱѾһӺָѾصã岢ûгʲô¡
Ʋᣬǻȥúһ°ɣ£뿪ˡ
ʱҲƲһһ˦ȥûɫÿ¡
һ˵Ѹٴȥ
ôû°ɣ
塢³ȫһȿʵ
û¡
ҡҡͷ
ҪԸңûôס
ʵЩΣǿ£ҲͰˡϾĵ̣ǾȻӺ඼ˡⲻʲôС¡ûץסѱ

ȷʵӺָһбҺʱ򣬶˰亹
³ʱҲڵ
õӺµ飬³һ൱Ĵ㵡˹
ûô򵥣
ʱ侲ƽ
ʹӡһһǧԼѵӪȫνһҸϵ²ãǾ͸ϵˣʲôɺϡڱıĽǱ߻ûôǱߣ磬׶¶ҲڴӣӲˣ
ᣬһɲǣĿޱȣ·𿴵޾ʱ
壬˼źǸ۵ˣ
˼ڵ
šҲֻˣ
֣صĵ˵ͷҲֻˣܽһˡԷȻ󣬵ȴģǿĶֶ֡һһȫԴϢ֮
ˣ
һɲǼ䣬³࿴һۣжʱ˲١
³Ѹ³صԼĸۡ


巵ԼۡʱһֻŸϿշӶɹؿռ䣬䵽˳һ¥֮С
¥¥һƬƧ¥¥۵¡Ϊã͵ӱֵһƬ÷֡
ÿ춼кܶʿۼȾ÷
ʱ˿̣¥ȴһƬ˶ûСſֻ˸ӣдˡȡ֡ʱ˿̣ȴһµˣ¥÷
¥ЪҵΪкλĿˡ
ŸϣһִֻԱȡż㣬ͬʱŸ˳ȥ
ӣʧˣ尲Ȼأ
һӰӣԱ˵˫ֳż㣬ĵ˹ȥ
𣿡
ȻһЦһڱеɫһ˵ѺȻ
ȻѲס
鷳ĻֹոյõϢѾ鳯ֹ͢Ժʽ͸ѵӪֻҲָֹԺĹߡ⣬ֹԺˡ⣬ոյõϢƺͬʱ߻ĵĴ󽫺ͱдһţ׼ѵӪ֮⣬Ը壬ϱͬһǻأΪѵӪ֮Ĵڡ
ΣͨԼҵĹϵܹѵӪǻؽǾȫڱҵǸֲңǱϱ߻ĵļ󶼻ƷͬСɣֻǻأԺȫѷɫѵӪһǵŬȫ׷ˣ
ԣǱŵĸֳǡ
ŵʷϣûѲöֻ֡һʮˣֶγвУŵֶȫΡ
¥Ͼĵģһ䣬Űɫϸɲ豭΢΢һ٣΢΢üͷ
µ޹ؽҪܹ׽ãܣҲû̫Ӱ졣ǻءһоȫͬˮݣһսһͣĿǰ״̬ҾԲˡ
صģţ
Ǻܿ죬üͷţܿƽ˫һˮǰƺ̺ǻۡ
Ǳ߼ȻѾʱᡣȹʱ䣬һԳֶԸ㣬Ǽ׼𣿡
عӣһаͰ࣬û˿Ĳءһо͵ˣֻҪһǵĿضǰһ󲽣Ҳؽ£ΪŵĹ
Ա˵г˶۵ľ塣
֮Уǰͺ֪Ҫʵ´ͬȴʼղҪ죬ΨУĿһ󲽣Ŀ˲١
׼һ£⼸Ҫǰͻʣȥһ
۵
ǣӣ
ԵŸֵ
һ䣬һеİɫϸɲ豭ϡеİɫϸɲ豭۵ĿһЩ֪ʲôĿ¶һ˿˸Уܿһšһӹ¥˶ʱӰ


һֻŸշ£ҵĸ֮ۡСʦһƽȻһĽȴڰչסзµŸ룬Ÿϵż㡣
ֻǿһۣʱһ
ǴģŰ󶼻֥˽ӡ¡֮ǰ˽ŷЧ֪պɽҵץ֥ųǧаĶ죬ԵҪˡҵպɽʱͰһμӹ˹֮սŹѡ
˵ƴѾʧˡ˵˺ʹʳսºͣΪ̶֥С¾Ͱ׽ֱ
֥һηôĻ鼴ûҲԹۡ
ֹˣ֥ǰʵʱ򣬸溲Ҳͬʱţ֮ھͿԵִλƵ۹ڣھеĪӰ췢ãλ۹󽫵ѹͳ˧ò֤˺ҵպɽ
Ϊʾ֥ͬ͸溲ɳһͬ룬һȴ͢Ĳþ
պɽҵȫûбҪٿѺǻ֮ơЩ˵ʲô
忴꣬ż
֮ⲻھƣ弸Կ϶ۺűǶԸպɽҵʵǶԸԼˮڣ۴ʲô⣬嶼塣
ˣ
ʱһҴҵĽŲӥ糾ͣ˽
ոյϢźϵľҷϢ˵ҵһ˿³ټ


1271 ³Ϣ
ʲô
һ𣬴Ϊ⡣
¬֮͢˵³ţҲоʮ꣬Ƨ֮ǣ¬֮͢Ϊмĸʲܹôҵ³ǳԤϡ
ô˵ģ
ܿ侲ʵܹյ³Ϣȷʵܣȷ֮ǰ˸̫硣
Ǳ߻˵ǷֵǸ˺¬֮͢ѧʿ˵Ǹ˷ǳ񣬶Ǿʮ꣬ƧϲռżüһŶ롣ҲԳ£ҲǶʮǰȥģȻԳ¹£дϿһöӡ£³顣
еĲǳˡ֮ºüԺһ˶޽ȫǲ顣Ҳȥչҩĵʱ򣬵λˮȣǾ˵Ĳ飬⵽ˡ
ӥ
³顭
˼
һռż˶һãǶղصĹżǳϧͿһȴǩղ˵Щ󣬵伮䵽һղУͻӸԼͿͨǩӡ¿Ȿżղߣмѭ
Ҳǹżղߵһֹغϰߡ
ϱһö³ӡ£ʣϵĸʾԼҪҵˡ
ӥ¬֮͢ѧʿȥԱ³ݡ⣬лͬʱӸгһЩѧߣ¬֮͢Ҫ֪Ǹ׭ʲô˼Ǹīɫӡǵĺ壡
һɲǣĿѩޱȡ̫ͻȻǱҪжˡ
ӥܿ¬֮͢ʮ·ˡΪ˰ȫǱּ˶ʮ֣ǾϸѡĶǿߡ֮ӰѾֹǳã¡
һ㣬˭Ҫѡ
һҳ£ȫһǧưնУҲȫֵ֧ԭ
ʦ֮УƽڡѵӪĹƱ廯֮ۺǱƺҲŻ˹ƣûһĶҲڵȴ¬֮͢ǱߵĽһϢ
˫˶ݵĺƽڣһల¡壬ۣǶǳףԷƣʱܷһĽͬʱʦ֮Уһ飬ȴûо̫ˣ
ɱǣͷ³֣Լ֥溲ثͨȸ󶼻󽫾һ֧֣һµġǻءھʦʽ
ǻӴﵽʮĶеĽɱһ֣һ룬ʦеҳʣµĲ֣Իһµķʽ
ͱܹ⣬ʹýǻٶȽ
⣬ǻصߣƾ˸֮ԼսϵĸľµĽʦ֮ٻҪµʱ䣬ǻزŻὨɣʱѵӪеѧԼһЩ죬ԽѧϰѵӪͬǣǻлڴıʵսָӼ
н̹ȫ󶼻Ķ쵣Σÿ˶ӵзḻʵս飬ҲǽǻбѵӪ֮һ
ڸ߲εս
һսͷټµıָʹǻظ
ͬʱҲڼӽѰ۵ټ۾˼һȫӰˣҵĹȴûֹͣʦ֮Уǣ´ͬҽԽԽ࣬ҵӰڲǿ
Ըоõı仯ѡķʽиɻΪҲֹҽݽ
ֹûа취ȥӦԡ
ǣԪм齻ȥ
֮鷿֮лǵˣ
Ҫϵʦĸңٶȥ顣⣬Ϊʽ𣬳һṩǧƽ𣬺иʽ顣

ˣ
仰˶ŴͣԾ塣
ǧ
ǻƽ𣬺½ӣ
ȫ˵Ҫ֪˹֮սܹ͢Ҳһǧƽ𡣾ƾһǧƽ𣬾֧˴ƶԴʳսΪʤ춨˻
ڣһǧ򣬻ֻһֶѡһҲòĲƸ
˺񣬵ʲô飬Ҫôƽ
һждˣȥɣ
ǣˣ
ϵż㣬ܿתȥ

֮һݵϢѸٴ˾ʦһɾǣͷġǿݡھݽڸ书ȡκηã෴лṩһͺ͡ʼʱֻһˣܿչ߰˸ʮ
ʼֻоݶѣݾһ㣬ӾݿڵݿȻĵط졣ֻһܣݵӵ˼ٸҿ¡֮ǿݾѾﵽǧ֮࣬һԾ˵ٶȼӡ
ЩǿӵͬķһɫţӵиоĽ̹н̵ʼʱΧİջǽŽɣǺǿṩѵʳ֮󣬴ӿ˽ȥֹˣһЩ˺ܿ췢֣ǿһأǿﵽһܣȡʮǮ
ϰ书һ£ȡһӣʱԽ쵽ӾԽ࣬ﵽ֮󣬾ܻһ
ݻûгֹΧİڶ࣬ݵҪϸ񣬵ɵѧҲһ˵Ŀ˳Լ̹ٵķãÿһնӴһҺܹе
Ȼܿ죬˾ͷеӺԴԴϣģϹͺǿݵĻӵĲƸһܿ죬ǿݵعʱ¶䶯ˡ

ǧƵǿˣȻǴƺպһս壡
˲Ϣ䣬º䶯ͷİӿ뵽ǿУѧϰǿ塣ĵطǿϵϣǿܹڵĵطһЩطǿԸ⸺ǿһֵճġ
̶ʱڣƾͷǿݷ£ǿ壬ϰķһʱεΪ糱
ǿݵҲѸ͵˼ң鲼£

һֻֻŸѸٵĴķʦʦǣһ¥Ÿ£һűѧʿĺһ죬ס˰µŸ룬ֻǿһۣɫʱޱȣ
ˣ
ھʦпãǣھݸؿݣ书Ǻԡ
ҾͿ㻹ܵã
͵һ䣬Ѹʧڲ



1272 ʷ
յϢԶֹˣͬһʱ䣬ҵĸۡУһ£ںڣȻƮ䣬һӲţǰ˼ȲʧĵţϺȡǰϷԸݿϢ
̶ʱѾͻƵˣ
忴żϵϢ¶һ˿ЦݡֱĻҪö࣬ÿĶǳˣǶھʦЩӵʷƸ˵Ĺ˵Ҳеκεĸ˺㡣
Ǻɺ֮սӴʳʵϣķǰǰܼƻʮƽʮϽ˳͢һ˺ɽսʿĸԼսĲʹСɡ
͸֥лʣƽңǿӴĲƸ֧ȫؽĿӴǿݡ
һֻΪ˶Ըۺţʵϣںܾ֮ǰոյõʻƽʱ͸֥ںɺֹҪӸǿоͰȫ޽ǿݣưյʵ
ʱõ˸֥ļֻ͡Ǵʱǡᣬʱȫչǿݵļƻ
ϱӣڶԿߵսУʼűԴͱ⡣Ȼӵǧ˿ڣʺսܹİոࡣҲԺвǿݼƻĳʼԭ
ƽȻҲܳõļȥܳʮ꣬ǳƽѾ㹻ˡֻҪǿݵļƻһֱ֣Ϊϸսʿ
ż㣬а
ȫԱƻֻ֮⣬ûж֪
˼ʱһƿգ֮䣬ֻһֻޱȵĽɫӥȸವһ·ɹǰֻӥȸĿ͵һ¡
ӥԼźţ¬֮͢ǱϢˡ֮һŰһϣңԶľһ·˵˾ʦ뵽ҵĸ֮ۡС
³Ѿȷ¬֮͢ջԶеĻҪö࣬¬֮͢һԲԸ³鱾ˣҴλһҲ˴׭ϡ¬֮͢дѧԵϣõϢӾһ·͵˾ʦȫ˱ǣġ
ˣ¬ѧʿ˵ˣҪһ棬ֻҪһžǸīɫǵˡ

ûж˵һɫżһۣһǩӸһɫķӡ£
³飡
һϳݡһҳһ׭ԾֻƳһۣ֪¬֮͢˵ûǸīɫӡǵȷȷʵʵһ֣Ҿ¬֮͢˵׭߷һޡ
û˵ȥһϵͳԽ׭ĹŴ伮Լǰκʱһλ壬׭ƺرȤռ˴ϣⱾ顣˸׭壬л˸ԴԼصĴ˵
忴˴Ŷʮҳ֮󣬷¬֮͢еıǩһ׭Ծڿɲǣͫ׺һһ
¬֮͢Ȿżе壬Ȼöīɫӡм弸һģһ
ͬ
忴λκʱµ壬üǶһ£һɲǣ뵽ʲôϱӵڣμöīɫӡǣΨû뵽Ȼ̺һ֡¿ȥлöֵԴ
սսݴͿ̿λʥ˵ߺ棬ϣܹȰ˵ǣе˽Ȼʮһֱʮϡλʥ˺ķʮĹȴʼһ񡣵ʱݴصսûԽľҡ
һ˵ĵӣΪ֮Ҷǰλʱһλʥ̲סǷ߽ӣ³һھѪָմѪһȺ׷ߵУһµ׭ͬ֡
ּͬλʥеıеĲʡλʱһλʥд֮׷˵еĲʺź֮ҲȻš
λʥһλ׷߱ʥдǸ֣ɽ֮УǸΪһţ֮Ϊš
˵󲿷˶ΪԶﴫκʱҲҰʷȥλκĴȴΪ˵ǰ벿֣޷Ҳۣǹں벿ֵţȴǲ׽ӰĶ׫
ΪλκʱĴᵽںغԼʱйֻƬצĴ˵
ˣ
˵⣬ģⱾ伮Ҳֻǰ׭ĳռû̫棬忴鼮еȴ
ôܣ
һʯǧˣ¥׶̸۰ʥ飬ȴѹû뵽žȻĺʹսʲôϵⱾż˵û۱ǸſѾӵǧʷ
ѾȫԽ
һɣȻһǧ겻𣬾սҡġĸȴʼһֱ˴ơۼۺеˣϵīɫӡǣţһġ
·ȥⱾ伮Ѿû̫ŵļءһ·ȥ඼ظݣǹ׭塣ǷʱٴοϤӡǣԼŵĴ˵
ǱܳڵһļأֹܳһţһλŵĴ壬ϣܺ͵ʱ˴֮ļ϶ͳޣսң˽ģ̫ƽֻ˺̵ܶʱ䣬Ȼʧˡ
ŵҲֻƬצ꼻һ֣Ƕ˽⣬Ҳ壬ĳ顣ûˡ
Ǹʱµӡǲ
дµ伮ıܴҲֻһʴûй롣
飬¿һöīɫӡǳֵڱ֮Ĵĵʱڡ
ԽԽģսκʱڣܣǰ壬ʥʱڡ伮ϵļʵŵʷĸʱڶֹ
ôܻ
¹ż¬ִ֮͢ѧʼңºܹЩ伮пߡһɲǣҲͻȻ¬֮͢ΪʲôԼ˵ҪЩ伮Լˡ
Щ飬˵ġΪۼΪʵֻۿЩ˵١
ңʵ̫ˣ
δϱĩʱڣЩŸ֣Ȼ
˵𣿡
忪ڵ
һѾȥˣ֮ǰյϢǱҲнչˡ


1273 ¼
شˣ˺ܿ͵


˵ʱͻȻһҵĻҴҵ˽
ˣĻ

Ŀһ˻֣Ƭ֮󣬾һ˸һ׾Ÿߵĺ׳׳ָ꣬漲˽
үһţԽү
鹪˫ֽŷ͸塣
˵·ǳҪ
ӹŷ⣬ָһȡż㡣ֻǿһۣʱɫ΢΢һ䣬żϣһƬʺѪĿġһɲǣ뵽ʲôжһ¡
չż㣬¿ȥ
ż߼л㱨㱨˿ĹճȻ´СģۼȻ򲻸ˣվ͵ҪϢһżȻĻᣬ͵׽Ļšıʿ̸
˫̸֮šıʿᵽңڴλпܱᡣȴ⡣ᵽͷ󣬶ʵֲӵڶǿĶ֣ʥ۷壬۹󽫼ǿ߶в١
ҲǿڶԷʵǿҿ԰ԸҺķϣźͶԷ
ںĻŵĽ̸ᵽڻ𣬽ھͻڳдɹͻ᳹׵ĸı䳯õĸ֣
ˣ
͵õĸӺɺ֮ǰѾܴ仯ˡһϵĹԱĹٻ佫ҪôˮҪô˾ʦ˴Ƶĸ޿ܶİ˳
һ˵ϵĸѾ˺ܴı仯ⶼ޴ı仯ĻôʲôǾ޴ı仯ʲôŽ׵ĸı䳯õĸ֡
һɲǼ䣬иܵһǿҵΣС
¿ȥȻż㵽Ȼֹˡ
վд˷Ĭá
ɳôˣ
ΣͻȻڵ
䲻Ѿȥˡ

һ˿ȻɫżһѪѾµˡȻԸͬʱȴֶɣ˵߻ô˸ļпѾˡ
ллһЩǮļˣһЩȫܲҵȻء
忪ڵȻϣãֻҪ֮һϣͲӦ÷
ף

ܿ뿪ˡ
վ鷿Уȴ˳õĳ˼ΪϵͲ̫⡣٣ʲôľ鶼Էڿ²ôˡ٣żȻôҿ϶ܹ׵ĸı䳯õĸ֣ǾһбȻİա
ϵ鲻ˣ٣ʱ䣬뾡ˣڳҲиӦ
а
Ժͷܿ뿪鷿

ʱһȥ֮ԡ£˴ۣ˵̷һ·߳Ҹۡۡ⣬һͣš

ջ谵Ÿո³һ΢ĳأͬһʱ䣬һֻŸ룬գ䵽Уֻǿһۣ㽫ż߬һš
һж׼𣿡
岻ɫ
үһжѰ׵ڹſڵţүȥһϳ
һԣ
һ˵ͷƿӣ
ݣ
ֻһߺȣǰŹŶȥ
һ·ֹԼʱڵִʳſڡ
һλţϵͼıʾԷݡ
ƣȻүõĶͼÿ˵Ķֽͬ׺Ҳֻˡ
ˣ
һ֣һӰ΢ӿ첽ǰ֮ǰһ֮Ե顣
Ѿǰţֻȴ˹ȥ
˵ͷѸٽС
ݣ
ɲǣֹĳ̫͵ȥ
ʹصأϽ۳ңֻƾﴫһȻ͵ĽƣԳ۳ڳ̫͵ͺ֮κεطҲġ
϶𣿡
ᣬɫͻȻڵ
ˣ
˵ͷĶ¡
һǵĿ׼˺٣ξԲǵóѣ
ǳ͢ӶƷĴ󳼣ҲߵҪıڳӵҪĲȨޡ
ڳеѾҼһˣȻڶݵĳ֮λߵұۡ
ڳж꣬һԽϷԣˮȵ壬ʦ϶ԣÿ÷꼾ڣˮĳ֣͢һֱԲ֮ǰͨ飬Ͷƽ𣬴ģ佭ˮ֧ʱڳϣĺ£Ҳδǲû뵽֮ⲻھƣ˹»ϡ
ٱǽʿǾͽˣϣٵʦϳ۵ľ¡
¶ɫӽˮٵʦЩ˻ۣƣҲû뵽Щ˼֮ı֮Զ
ˮκһԱӦöԵΰɣٱǽʿҲþһҪ֡
Σһɫ
ȻãһЩˣúٵ˳棬ٹˮ̣ѼеıĶ׼ˡϱǽϵĴ壬Ը˲Ǳ飬ú뿪
ȻͱزͬȻԵؾʦˮޣʱãҪʱ䣬Ǹʱ͢ѶʲôѾˡ
ɫص
ϵĹĶǣթıƣԶеĻҪӣڳʮ꣬Ҳҿ϶˱˵ĵ
絳ԸҲһǿԾܾġΪأ絳֮Ҳڽɽ֮ϡ

ûô򵥣ȷʵԾܾ絳ԸϺٵĸزһоȫͬˡ
ü¶һ˿ǡ
ˣ
仰ȷʵԤ벻ġݺĵҲͬТ֮ģ԰ТΪȡ絳ԸٿԲأĸزأǲТȻܵڦʱ򣬺ٿٶˡ
ǴӶƷĹԱеҳΪʲô˹٣ĸȴڽϣ
ʵ
Թĸװᵽʦ磬Ը뿪ϣеݶҲûа취
̲ס̾Ϣ
һʱ˳Ĭ˭û˵
Ǳ߲ˣʱΪʲôôɣˮٵĸ׾ǡʱز
Ƭ֮۾ǾЩΣĸزҲδ⡰̫ɡˡǱܵĴиоһΪϢ


1274 ִ
仰̧ͷһۣ΢΢һ£
ĸоȥϲٵĸ׸ûеʲôزֻǸȾ˷纮˹ƻ󣬼˼Уزһ˵
üͷĻҪӡٵĸ˼ӣȫʡף£Ƕãԡԣ鱻ˡ
࣡
˵ʱһ٣ڵִ̫ţǰ̫͵ˡ˫˫عɫһһ
Ƚȥɣʱ򣬼¡ΣһҪٳĹȥˮ飬ͬʱúٻȥʡһˣ
ڵ
һ˵ͷ˵ģҲǡǡģ˲ıϡ
̫͵ƣųģİܯһ·̫͵С
̫͵УȺϼ
ˣ
ʱһƬȻĿ׷׼еһ۵ϡ

ˣ

һ˫˫Ŀ⿴ɫ壬ĿǼɵȻ佫ǡó͡ų顱飬Ѿ˶ȻѾܾòϳˣڳϻӵо޴Ӱ졣

壬̽Ԫú佫ϲɫ׷׿˹
š
˵ͷ˴˸кĿܿƿ
һۣܿע⵽Ե˫ۣ忴ʱҲͬ˹ȥһɲǣֻǹһЦ͸һɵ֮ɫ
һɲǣüӹһ˿Ȼû巢ѣѾתͷȥϷ΢΢۾һŲʣӡ
ߣ
ҲûȥᣬĿܿطٹٵĸֲûз仯ӵиȨ֮Ѿ佫ĳľ顣
Ȼ֪ǲǴĿӹЩŰ͢İʱȻЩȻޱ飬ȴоǺЩ̫һ
ĿطȥڴϷſ̴ľУٴοһϤӰ
Դһ͢嵱ǳ⣬ιȥ̫ʦѾкܾûгڳϹһΣ̫ʦٴγ˳áڿ̫ʦ壬һƺڱĿС˯һ㣬˲塣
ˣ
̫ʦıӰüͷһ£̫ʦӣϴα嵱͢ǳ⣬̫ʦҵסԲŻܳһʱûгڳãû飬Ǿܳ棬ٴͬΪġ
Ϊ˺𣿡
аһָоƺԶûбô򵥡
ѹסеĲĿӹǰԶĹ»ٺٹ֮׵ָһɤ
ӵ
žһ죬ٹһƬྲ˵ĿУвڼ̫ͽӵ£Ӵб෽˳
μӣ
ӣ˷׷׹񣬶һãڴϷʥʵı
Ŀۻ룬֪ǲΪδʥʴԵʣϽֳһ˿֮еĻ֮Ŀ磬Ѹٴɨӹʱͣһ£ܿ˻ȥ
࣬˳
һɤڴ𣬴ԣʿ߹λõģһûİ׷̫ࡣݣָ繴Ȼû¶ϢĿ⿪ؼ䣬â䣬һɲĸоȻǻʹڵĶ֡
£б࣡
УܿһУʼÿյ̡
ʥӴˣһкû̫𡣳漰ݸЩ沢ĳƬ̺󣬺ܿĬĬȴ
ճᣬ̫ʦָͳͳڣĳ鶼ֻǿθˣؼڹ»ϡ
һγֱӾ;ȥ͹
һһĽ֪˶ãͻȻһڴ
£б࣡ˮԣβǰѾͨ飬ͶƽµĽˮ΢飬ϣ͢Ըɳ»ǰϣִ֣
һӰӳгУ泯ŴϵĴӣ˵
ˣ
ԭĿϹۣ
̫գ
һâһ۾˳ϴ˹֮սȫȰɣֹ̫̫͢ա
ˣ
΢ôãⳡ󳯻Ҫ߳
£飡ش˱ǽʿĵηǳϤɺش˹ȥƱܹˣ°Ҳܴļ̹ڣ಻Ҫ鷳
̫֮һϳе
شĸزνТΪȣɺشˮ̣һԾТһãźشҲᷴԡ
һ󳼿ڵ˳ɻ˿ڣڳ׷׸顣
£ԣشǹ»򣬴ӶƷԱڳ϶꣬ڳ͢ĸԼ۹תǳϤˮȻֻйĹȥòźشдССд󣬴ĴãССáοش˻ǹԱ
ȵһ䣬಻ԶĵطɲǬͻȻе
£ͲܴһͬԴ£ٹٸλ˾ְǳܹ͢ĻˮҪõӶƷĹԱطҪˮ߷ǲǾҪõƷһƷһƷԱˣ˴ǳ͢飬²ɺͳ΢ԡ
вǬڿͷһϵһվ
ٱǹˮ֪֪ףܺһ𣿶ҰТΪȣĸزȥ̽һ£ֱΪӣʲôʸ֮ϣΪ¹ʡ
ʱһһ۵ͻȻе
Թۣһ˿Ĺâ飬ͬʱҲˡʱ棬Ȼڴ־ڱصá̫ʦָټϴӣһ»λö˶ôһƵԺǿ⡣
Ҫǣʧȥ˺ӶƷһڳõĻȨͻӣܹܶ׵ͨҡ
˲֮ǰɳļõϢȻٵֻһʼһٵλ뵽ŵУ»и˱ŵֶξԲֹЩҲϳԭ
£
ʱһʮ㣬ڴ𡣰ĩβһãͻȻ˳
΢飬ˮǰ
˵գһ


1275 ֲ
¡
ɲǼ䣬ԾһƬȻ˭Ҳû뵽ʱͻȻһˮ
壡
ϣͱ³ҲסˣȻⷬٶȲûи
쵰
һĴ㵣ܿ췴Ӧҧгݣɫޱȡ
һ͢飬Ⱦ۵ķʽ͵˳͢иȨȻҲѿܺٵй¶ȴġеһѾ׵ŵҪӣû뵽Ȼճƣ棬ֱӾͰˮ
ǻͷ𣿱ΪʹУȻȥˮ
ܻߺ޲ѣϴ˴ֵ֣÷з֪嵱湥һȥˮֱǳ裬ֱ֮ǡ
Ǻǣ˵ʿĺѧˮԣ԰ѹ븮УѵŴҪֵĲˮ𣿡
Ƴһң
㣡
仰ɫһϣʱ˵ԶĹҲɫһ¶ɵɫ
ĳ飬֮ǰİţ֮󣬾ֵһʩѹú뿪áôһ˵ԭ̤ȥĽŲɵ˻һ仰˵ӦĻкɡ
ôһɲһƬķӦٿҵķӦ㷴ӦҲ׹
Ȼ֮йᣡ
˵ڸһˮֻ벻϶ˣ
ʣһ죬ҪʬΣ
Ŀ޺ޣޱȡ
ã壬֪ôһԭ򣬾޵ķʸ
һ࣬ԣһӦΪʲô塣͹ҹᣬ£ȥ׼һżԸٵ飬ȶ֪顣
ȻӦ̽鵽ġ
£΢Ϊˮں٣Т岻ɷϣ಻ɷϡ飬׼¼ڣؽϼң̽ĸϡĸײٷؾʦ
忪ڵ
ٵĸֻżзУأúٷع磬̽ĸףȻٷسáҲĿǰõзвʲô󲡣ȵٷؼ磬ȻҲͽˡ
٣أ
ͻȻ֮䣬һڴ̫ʦϣһֱĿԣ֮ǰ仰û˵̫ʦվͻȻڵ
ⷬٶͻ˶㵲֮ǰĳͻ˵ע⣬˭Ҳû뵽̫ʦʱ򿪿ڡҺ̫ͬʦԵ÷ǳƽԶû֮ǰôң˵ĵһ仰ҲûᵽúȥˮѯԼ
ٱһϵ̫ʦôܻӦ֪Ϊʲôȴֲĸо
ʶģŤͷ˹ȥֻٵͷûеһʱǿһصӡ
΢΢
ֹζ˵һɲǣֲĸоԽǿˡ
ã
һĶʱȥĲȥֱӾܾˣòųɣڵǳˡ
£
һʶķ򡣼ͬʱҲķ˹͸¶ǿҵ𾪡Ǳߵһ򶼱룬ǺƫǰȸԼȫͬ
еҲ˵㣬ȻҲʶ˺ϵı仯
£΢Ըǰϣ泯͢ˮ
ڣٿˣ˵Ļ˶Ϊ֮𶯡ԪõֱŴͣ㵣佫Ҳ˲ʯһ㡣ƴȫҪٶԸˣ뵽Լȴˡ
ʵϣֹ佫̫յĳٵĻشסˣʼϲ˶òɿʱ򣬺ٸһ⡣
λ󳼶ˣشˣȻѾǱ׼ˣ֮ڣ׼׵ǰϡˣ¹漰İգӴ󣬺ʱãһҪĽ´׵
塢Լ³˿ڣϷӸ֮Уʧʱһ
л£һʹȫɴ£
һƬţڳĿУһһɲǣ֪ǲǴоһƺظȻһ̧̣ͷֱӣһķƺǸ⡣
ɲǼ䣬·ʶʲôʱĬˡ
ȻٵġѡʷϲǺʣӦԼĿԡ
ʧˣ
һ̣Ťͷ̫ʦķ̫ʦֻһʡȻڿ֮ǰѾ֪˺ٵĴ𰸡
˵̫ʦ֮ǰʲôûɣš
ͷϷˣ
ɨ̫ʦһۡӵĿ̫ʱˣһһֻһɲǣٳѾ϶˭Ҳı䲻ˡһлԶûнٵġֻ֡ʽ˽ⳡͥĻ
һвŸոտʼ
Ȼһ̣оһ
£бࡣ»ٱʡְÿ۵ɸѡʹһߣְλȱ͢һղɻķϣ΢飬ƾѡȡش˵λã񡣡
ͻȻУڵ
ˣ
򵥵һϵնʱˡ
ٵִ֮ôң˺뾩λûȱҪ˫λӣ˭ܹλã˭ڳеĻȨͻӡ
£б̫࣡ظڣڵط꣬ټ𻸴ٵλã
ͻȻһƽ֮ǰŭ壬ʱ΢һ侲ŵϵĴһ漰ٵλãһ¶ûУ͵Գ
Ļϣ̫ʦָϷĴӶ΢ɲüͷ
ɲ֮ǰĽ
̫ظ𻸺һܣ֮ǰļ͢飬γ棬ҪѸŪãû뵽һһμ룬ԼŪá
һ漰棬˽ȫֵëٴαˡ
£ԣֻ뾩ˮǽְòλãҸֻݿľ飬޳ϴ۹΢Ϊ²ɣ족
ͬʱһڴ𣬽֮һͬӰ˳һɫ


1276 ͼذ֣
˽̫أӲ˼𢣬Լ浱ȣڵѾ㹻ͷˣһ𻸽ʱû֪Ūʲôӡ
Ҫǣ֮⣬Ҳֻܺͥƻļƻ
ƣֱ
ԣ鼤ѣ
֮һоģǴ޵УһԻᣬôµ˲šܳԿԣ
Ϊ˽ԼŪãҲƴȫˡ
ȴòɣ
ͻȻһӵ´忴һĻЦһ˳Լ˰ãԲɡ𻸻Ʊǿ˻дѴѣ
壡
忪ڣŭһ۾ˡѾλĺˡ
Ҳø𻸲õѡ
ʱ³ҲͻȻУڵ»뾩Ѿ϶޷ı䣬ľȫֹһϵռݺٵλá
飡
Ҳ飡

һɲǣϵ佫һϵ鼤׷׸͡˵һɲǣɫѿޱȡ
£𻸲еĻϳţҲһ˾ټ
˫ţŵʱһޱȣͻȻڴ𡣴Ϸ̫ʦͻȻٴοˣ
ϳӴϳ۹⣬ȫԽʡٵλãҴ¡
̫ʦĿٴ˴㵲ѣ³ɫһһ࣬ȴһȻһּ䲻ĸо
ԴһκԼڳϷͻ̫ʦѾܾûϹ糯ҪῪڲ볯¡Ҵ֮ǰ̫ʦʺٵһγȫб̫ʦֻһ˵ѡ
˭
ͻȻһ󱩺Ѫ۾ûӦ̫ʦڿ˵ҲŭȵȻûȵ룬һ̣һʮӵ⴫
ң
򵥵һ֣ޱȣеسҲȻ޾塣֣һյĽŲ̫͵˲˵ע⡣һɲǣ䣬ͬڣ볯Ǹ˹ȥ
һ̣ſֻâһһӰͦأѩƮƮż˽
ĲĴݣţһͬĸо
ǵӰٰĳͷ͸𾴵ɫ
忪ʼʱû⣬ǿ˵òһ𣬶ʱ꣡
ۣ
忴ǵϤӰĲ˼顣û뵽̫ʦҪټˣǱˣȻ¥Լйһ֮Ե䣬ۣ
һɲǣһǿҵıУ糱ˮһӿ
ˮĿٵ뿪ٵƼ𻸣ֱ̫ʦƼۡһɲǣеһԾ˵ٶȴԺзӶ벻֮ǰɳ̽ӴõϢϵĸֽ׸ı䡱һɲǣ·ʲô
ͬһʱ䣬վڴſڣĿ磬ѸٵĴȺ֮һɨ󶨸ϣ
ּˣ
ˣ
仰֮һƬȻ佫׷ˡ˵Ȼʶ˵һɵ⣬ǵзѡֻƾ̫ʦľټܺΪУſڵİ˾ǳ
ſڣȴΪδãδţûȺ䣬΢΢һЦĿԣһɲǣ޾ĵ֮һƬţ֮еɴ󳼶ʶʲôо֮ĵ⡣

ԣƺҲܵʲôƤһǵѩӰ鶸Ȼ
ȻδۣǴ˵Уһ۵ĻӰͼΡ䣬ӡ̣Ǿû뵽λһֱĻ䣬ȻԳ棬볯֮С
Զı³ӦҲͬʶʲôĿ֮룬龪ɲѡ
£ԣʡҪѵʲô˶Խ𣿡
һ̣һɫͻȻڵŴʲô⣬Բǵóѡ
ȴֻǵȻһЦڡ
˭˵ǡʲôˡǺµ䣡
ͻȻһһ򣬺¡͡ͻȻӰ˳һɫ
ԣֻҪں½ӴͿԴʡĹҴʲôʱ򣬳͢ϵѾôˣ

һģҲĿǰ۰ݵˡȻ֪ͼıʲô²ƣģ뾡취ϧѺŪ߶Ҫ볯ãͼıС
µȻɣ˸λǺµ䣬ͬҲϳĹŵӡϳţʱ򣬻ϣƴԣ泯͢ټϴ츳ڣΪ£ϤĽ̵ÿճϵۣǹϳĿģعĿϳһѧѾȫ̸ҲϳУʤڣѾȫԲ볯ϵˡ
£ϳټӿԽٵְλʡ飬κ©һ㣬ϳ԰
ͷ䣬̫ʦվ̫ʦǰ죬ݲȵ˵ɫ֣أųһ
Ѿǽճϣγˡһ䡰ϳĹŵӡһĶʱˮס
¾ټ̫ʦ̫ʦݡ
ճᣬΪ˾ټۣ̫ʦ˵һ岻֪ǲѧ̫ʦȫ£Ѿӵ˴µ̫ʦ˵ʵš̫ʦı֮ﻮ֮ԶκΪ֮ľ
ԽˣԽǵóѡ
͢г͢Ĺأκ鶼ðչû¹̫ͣʦѧҲһ죬ֱӽʡһǾ仰ɣ

˵ĺãϷһҪ֮ǰԴʹߵݳʹķѾ͸ʽЭ飬˹ءͻʡ߾ȸͬþУ˹Ϊ֮ǰսʧأԲþʮͻʲþʮ򣬶ͻʲþʮ򣬸߾۹þʮگ۹þʮ򣡸ǰѾʽ֪ͨ͢вþʮ֮ʽɣ
ͻȻһ̫ʦ֮һ򣬴ָͻȻе
һ˴벻ᣬָһֱԲ仰û˵˭Ҳû뵽ʱ졣𶯵ģ͸Ϣ
¡
ԭž̫͵ָ˵֮󣬶ʱһƬȻЩƺ֪һЩ۵ϸˣ¶𾪵ɫ


1277 һУ
þôܣ
˹زþʮͻʲþʮ򣬸߾þʮ򡭡ôܻ飡
ԭһֱҰģ֮ǰǺ飬ѺãͣսУôͬóôľӣ

һʯǧˣ˶ָ˵ĻˡͬþǽʷǰĺϢܱĵҶڴƵвرǿǵΪڴƾ͸
⣬ΪʾѺãսľģе۹ͬ
Ⱥ۷׷׵ʱָٴڴˣ˱ָϢָⷬǽ˵Ƶ˶㡣
ˣ˵𣿡
󳼷׷ָýģֱӴյָǰǰݣˡ
ȷɣʡиΪƾ֤涼Ӹ˸ʵ۵Ĵӡ
ָһ˵ţһ߻ͷ˴ϵĴһۡ΢΢ףȻȷɡ
¡
ɲǼ䣬һƬȻе佫ˡ
ôܱߵþʮʮǶ¡Ĳսָ֮֮ôܱȥ˽Ǵһˡֻƾһ㣬֮ǰʲôԽ볯֮Уˡ
ʱ˿һ࣬бȽԪõ˻Ҫ𺳡ܱ߸ͬʱþҴﵽ֮ڣϢ壬Ǵֲ
ôܣ
оһƬκˣʶģŤͷϵ³У忴ͬ𾪡ȻҲûյϢ
һذը
Ȼڳʼ֮һȥ̫͡ʦָԺյˣһһվ̨ںٿȱλãۺȻ־ڱصá
¡
廹뿪ڣһ̣һϸŵϤڶߣͻȻֹ
壬ˣ̫ʦָҪϴϵĴӡˮʼǾѾ㵽ڡո˵ģƾþһ㣬ǸۺžĹ͡ȻҲϲҲòϣǵⷬжԴƾͣҲࡣⲻǿֹ˵ģ
͸¶һ˿ӵĸ顣ǹ˽˽ȻŻľ裬£þۺȷʵһ¡
ȻҲ֪ôġ
ܵģԣôĸԸĲþ
ͬԴܵ
ǸѾϳ͢϶飬üٵġ٣ۺǸȷȷʵʵǾˣͼȥһЩ顣޿ɷϣйͣйطǳ͢ĹأҲ˵ķȡƾݹټ̫ʦƼѾԽ볯òˡѾˣ
̾Ϣһ͸¶Ρ
յʧܣӦˮһ𣬾ѾעˡºֲҲѾˡսʤǱ֮һѾ޹ˡ
еΣʱĬˡ
ۣǰ
ʱ򣬴ϷΡɽͣһֱȻĴҲˡ
΢ּ
ſڣ΢΢һЦƮƮǰȥ
ⳡ͢ӿʼڣһж֮С佫Ⱥ忴黹пΪֹǶ˵վڴһһоѾעˡ
գգգ
۲ĴݣǹԨȺķǣ㳯ϵʿǣҲӡ̣Ϊ֮ۡգھ廹ĵطͻȻͣ
¶ҳɼ̫˰
ۿһ壬ЦЦȻûȵ˵Ѿһ˦ƮȻǰȥ
忴۵ıӰޱȡ
һ֣ˡٱֿˡһԶô򵥡
ܱߣĵҲþ
˹ءͻʵȹʵҪþƱֺƽЭûʹκֶΣʵĸˡǾǣǻצҲı䲻˺Ѫıԡһ㣬ƽԼãƾͲ˹صȹս
ͻʵȹϲúƽ̫ڻʵۣôѽ⡣Ҳûսˡ
۸֪ʲô̫СҲ̫Сġ
ּ
ʹڴййʣؼӷΪ²£ʡ̫ʦһ볯¡˴μӷ⣬ԼĹ飬£伨
ڵϺ
˴μӷ⣬Ѿݳʸø׿ϣԴ顣
˵˴Ŀ磬źۼɨһۣĿ⡣
΢ⷬԼãҵĿҲԼˣ廹סˡһ䣬䣬þϢѾеԱò԰ϣӺܿջĿ⣺
ۣ̫ʦмӣǧҪñʧ
л£۱㾡ȫΪ۹
ǰһһ
̫ʦĹŵӣһΪþҲͲС̫ʦѾٷһƷ޿ɷ⣬ʱ̫ʦһƽͻһԱ书
л£
̫ʦתŴϷһ
Ƭ֮󣬳糱ˮӴӿ
£ٶԲ£
̫߳͵ʱ򣬺󷽹»æôһɲǣһƬš
֣ʵȥûй˼ֻǵ׷ʲô飿ǵ֮ǰҺͺּʱҼǵú˵Ҫ͢µļڣ̽ĸºͻԲлɳˣǡ
˵ͣ½Ų̲סһ̾
ʤ˱ҳ£սˣֺγˡһһ⣬޷ͻģǺٵ̬ȡ̫ʦ٣ٵĻش˶ֲ֪ѡ˾ͲԵôңҲԲȡʩ
Χĵġû˵ͬԵĺ١ٵ̬ĳ̶ֳ˵ѾѡˣзĹġѡ˹ڻġ
شˣ˵ɣ׷ʲô
ֱӵһ˵̬Ȳܷôı仯˵̫ʦûжֽţš

ͷ̲ס̾Ϣһ¶ɫ
ʵ糯֮ǰͻȻյһš
ⷬһŤͷ˹ȥ


1278 ԭί
ʲôţǵ𣡡
ǣ
ҡҡͷЦһ¶ӵɫ
ûôӣֻǼһĸ״дҵšĳţΪϴ壬ĸҲŵڣ֪ҲϰһЩ֣ҲϵǼĸɡ
仰࿴һۣͻȻ֮ʲôз
£֪ΪʲôţҲ֪Ǵʲô⡣Ǽĸ˵û볯Ϊ٣һȥ꣬ٻع硣ĸѸߣֻٲȥ޻ˡĻĳ
һ£û˴ҲѾ¶ģҪһˣҸ˵ľϣ½⣡
˵󣬺̲סٴ̾Ϣһһ
ˣ
Գ̾һипѣТΪȣľȻ֮⣬Ҳ֮УҲ޷ָ
ֻȥɣģҲġ
л£
ͷøˡҲмӵԭغȣԶƥġ
ٺܿ뿪ˣӰЩįҲЩȻ忴ıӰҲǸпѣ
һǳˣڳö꣬ȥģĸ׵Ƿţ˼ĸ֮顣ǿ׼һ㣬ܹáּƲ߾óģҲǳָ̫ʦֱʡ
ǰ
˫֣̾һ
Ǹ˱ĻҪҸҿ϶еһжļƻСԸԳɹ볯ֻ͢Ժ͢Ҫ֮ˣ
ʱ䣬˶Ĭ
һ·ǰҪִ﹬ŴʱͻȻһ洫
̧ȥֻſȺзһȺ󳼾£һ𣬷׷׳һӿȥɫ𾴡Ⱥ룬һӰѩ񵭣󷽵Щ˽̸ţֺȺִţ׶ĸо
Ǹŵ䣡
üͷһʶһԵ塣
û˵۾΢΢𣬿Ⱥеۡһɲǣ˶·ʶʲô
£һ͹ȥ
ͻȻڵһ
ţ
˵ͷ
㣡
˵һԶȺеۣһ˦ܿ쳯Զȥ
ͬһʱ䣬֪Զ˵ʲôܵĴ󳼷׷ɢȥһɲǼ䣬ʹſھֻʣ۶ˡ
ûڳڳΧһƬžš
ʱ䣬˭ûжƺڵȴŶԷ
Ȼһ̣·ʶʲôһּͬʱ̤Ųһ󼫶ȵţٴͣ½ŲƬ֮۲֪뵽ʲôȻһЦȳ˹ȥͬһʱ䣬ҲŲ˹ȥ
һͬΪˡ
ȿڵ󷽡
ʹΪˣԲͬҲò˵һ䣬ȷʵһɹ˵غȡ
һӮˣ벻ٵĸ׶á

Ǻǣ㲻һУĲǣǺԼʼնûҵģֻǰľѣ
ȻһЦΪ
ܱߣĵҵ飬Ȼ֪ôģͬΪͬΪƵһ䣬ɽ׸ıơǰҵʮ꣬˹ǩԼ˱ʮЭϵīδɣ˹˾ͳǰ峷˵ʱٽɱʮֱҵʮ꣬ŵԸ𡣡
ǰĩ꣬幫ޣͻʽף˫ԼΪѸ෸ͬʮ£幫ΪͻʿɺһӣΪ󣬱߹ؽʿΪͻʽãӵڷϵͻʾʱ֣ǰܣҲΪ֮Ⱥ۲˷ʡҲ飬ǰһ鲻ĵҲţٲš
˲ͬӾӳӰǵսֻҪһ£ܻ۶þһ˵Ϊš

ǺǣͲˡеһҶ׵ûѣҲɳרżල˹ءͻʵȹľӲóҴһʱһʱһ˷ѵԺﶼﷸ𣿡
ʱþۣĴҲһڿʥ£ɾͷǷǾ仰һô֪ɹأ
۵ȻһЦ
һʱѾˡսƽͰ򣬴սѾʺʱˣ˭ɳ˭ͻᱻʱʷų⡣Ǳҵ䣬ˣþգܱʼգĻᡣ
ˣ
仰ͫһɫ˲ñ
в𣿡
һ˲ýޱȣ֮ǰҲ֮Ȼ޴档Ķ棬ǹЦҲȥûκεЦ⡣
㣬;ô˵ǵһľ档֮䣬еĽ̸Ϊ˴ƺҾκƻ֮׵ĺƽҷֱҵƻҾ飡
۶壬
ŵļƻ´ͬʹڵؼʱ̣ϳõһһоͲתҲܺˡʱ˭赲ź˵ǰ̡
ҲȴҪԭ
ҲҪ˵ģ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲˣĿ֮ۻҪ䣺
ۣҵĴڣΪ˳ȫҵ´ͬΪ˻˵İȫ̸ĵ֮ĸЭ顭֪ԼʲôۣٸһΣһУػ£ǡǡ෴ڽĵĵ۹ΪһƬûз֮أǾɹģֻҪһ죬ž;ܳɹ²£˺ٵλãʡҲһ
ˣ
ɲǼ䣬ĿͶ񶼷絶һ㡣һɲǣ˶ףԸԸ⣬˴֮䶼ûκε·
ڵģ
֪˶ãһͻȻƽ
ҵţ
˵仰һתͷҲصĳȥ
ˣ˳һ䣬ϲв
˵仰˲ʧ˹⡣
뿪ĿҲޱȡ
ӣѾΪڳ谭ˡֻҪڣǵĺܶƻ¾ͺչ
ͻȻһ𣬾۵һɫ۵ӴӺ˹ۻĵطͣ¡΢紵䣬һɲ¶һīɫӡǡ
ɫ뿪ķгɱ̸֮䣬ʼն谭
ӣٸ֮ˣΪ˴ﵽһǸ˶ٵŬڣѾһ˵ˣϵ˵Ҫ˳ҲѾˣΣвǣ
ͬһʱһ𣬾۵Ҳ࣬һɴȹŮڵ


1279 ʧϺͺˮ
˫Ө׺ö壬ֻƮһö
Ůǵڲ¥ϣһԵŮӡ
صģѾȥˣֻҪٹһʱ䣬ǾͿԽ׵ļãҲ޷вˣڳǲܣ
۵
һ䣬ͬʱʧ˻ʹ֮С

ô
ոյһڶĽƺ˺ܾáԱߣ³Ҳţ˵Ŀⶼϡ
ŵһڳУ֮ոյĻ棬ﰵ²֪˶˵ע⡣
źܿҪж߱ҵĸλ죬ʱСġ
һڵһ˵һ¡
仰ڣ˷׷ױɫ
⣬ȻĲţǼȻѾ͸ĴЭ飬ǾҪȷϸִвþĳŵ³ˣ¾ͽˡ
һԵ³
ţ
³֣صĵ˵ͷ
Ǳ߾ͽ
˵ţ͸⣬Ŀޱȡ
¡¡
ǰһ·ʧ֮С
̶̰ʱ֮ٱӻʹ͸֮зӿһŹĸʾǡŸ𣬷޵ĸط˹ءʳͻʡ߾۹گ۹þܼƽϢ糤˳һ㣬ء
¡ɲǼ䣬𶯣аնϢˡ
ôܣ
̫ˣ̫ˣƺ͸֮Ҫʵֺƽˣ
޴أ޸˶Ϣܣһ衣Ϊֹ˵Ǿ޴õϢˣ˱棬ȼ̻񡣶Ϣһͬģһ֣²ۡ
аյһ֡ȻǵһΣǱѪУһ׳٣ȴӡ˵Ժ
ۣ
ۣ

ƽ֮Уһ˾Сһţ˷ܵͨ졣
ӣ
ӿĳУһصɫǰʻȥӵ¶һ˷ܵף
¹½֪ˣһ֣Ӯˣ
Ȼһ£˪ѩῡȴɫƽ˿Ϊ
Ӯˣ£˼
۵
һ̷˴˴ʱסˡ
һԣ΢һƬ˶ͩҶ͸Ʈһ죬ҶƮڰ߲óɫʡһɲǣ֪뵽ʲôãһڻع
ʦǿҪɹˣһС϶𣿡
૵һɲǣ͸¶һ˿˸С
ꤣܿ죬һоʧˡ

ΪģӵľǿĴڣƾʦеĸϢÿʱÿ̶ͣ˷ͳ֮󲻾ãûжע⵽һЩι״ӥͻھʦϿյӥȸŸ֮УѸٵ˷ȥ
ңԶı棬ͻʺɽ۷壬һֽɫġ̫âɣҫգյ̫һСһ󣬻ӳһɲʥɽ˼ãʥ͸ɽصĽɫ⣬ϸȥͻֹᷢâ֮УȻһΣŽɫսףͬ˼սһ㣬һ˶ʯϣĬĬ˼š
ڣӿͬһӿתݡǴ󽫶˼ĴڣǰҪȻʧɫͬɽΧǧػͥľսʿͬ΢һС
رȣ޷ǵеϢֱɽǿĴڡ
̫󽫣ʧϣ
ͻʺ˻ֺƺʵģҲֻбΪ۹ս񣬺˹ص۹İʨ󽫣Ƶõͻ̫󽫣ʧˣ
ʨϤŵ޹»һ̫ʧҲһڳõıչ֮УеһжĶ˼ͻʵĴ󽫴ֱ֮ǰʧƹض³֣ӹͻʺľȨ
ɳ޿ɺʧϵΣҲʹλͻʵսԭӵϵĵλ

ͻȻһƿմʧһڴӳ˼лعһ죬ֻӥ»ɣһεǣವһ֮С
ǣڿʼ𣿡
ʧϲŷ⣬һۣܿͽż¶һ˿ζЦݣ
ȥ󲿣ţâǲǲʼþ⣬д
ǣˣ
ʧһ䣬ΧмһӰȥ磬ѸɶȥܽƬ֮һյĽŲͬһʱʧϵĸ֪УһǿϢڰ죬ޱȣڻԼӽ
µֻ̫΢΢һЦͷҲûأɿǰ
ʮóۣǲǴ˵㣿
ھʧϻɵĵطյĽŲͣͬһʱ䣬һϵʧϵĶ
ǣԣԿ͸δĺˮе𣿡
ʧͷҲص
Ǻڣֻԥǲе󣡡
󣬴źۣפһͷȨȵĺˮ
һˣѾܾÿδˡδһֱڲͣı仯Դȥǳʷǰıѩʹ֮ҾѾʧȥ˺֮ϵڵңѾδĻˣ
ܸоڤڤУһεǿڸδеһСڣֻͨȥδƶԣ
ˮϵڷд졣
ʱ˿̣һȻ𾪲ѡںڲӵϵĵλҿԿ͸δĺˮȻɥʧ˶δӾȨеʧ롣
ΪǺˮͣһֱָ
ǸСӣ㻹ǿδ𣿡
̫ʧͻȻڵ
ⷬʵúףˮû˵͸һ˿ӵɫ
һûйȥδ鶼
𣿡
̫΢΢һЦǼЦ
һƵӵܣСĵеһжװףһͨͨļܹĹȥ̽Уȴûйȥ𣿡
ˮλߣɳ޿ɺޱȡȴ֪λˮ̫ʧ֮ȴ顣ںˮ֮ǰ˾Ǻܺõѡ
üãԻġһʮǰһ޳ɣһƦܹϷŪӵܣȴܹڶ̶ʱڣɳΪܳս˴ʳĴãһǱô𣿡
ˮУŭ
ԭ΢紵ɽһӶˮͷɫñһƷ˿ñ©˳ȴǻҰ˪ϸȥˮҲƣࡣ


1280 Ԩ
һδƵĹͨͼδˮҲûиκεĴۣ
ǰʧϲ˵һҲ¶֣صɫƵϣۻĿѾСɽһˡǰεƽӹƿɳ£ͺεȻͻͽԼˣڣȻúܶ˸еԻ
˵ˣһ㣬ʮþǷԶֽţˮ
ǾͻʺʹңԶڲþ϶ֽţҲ𣿡
£ʧЦݣһɫ
ˮ˵ͷ
ܵģ
ʧϵشĸɾ
Ƕ̫СǸƵ
ʧһ˵ţһߴǿԲĴʯվһɲǣضɽҡһϵĽһ㣬ӽɫ̫սнϵķʧվֱǼԲʯǰ·һһ㡣
ʧ϶׵ߣԱߵĺˮȣ߳һͷһּΪǿҵѹȸС
Ǹ̫棬ȴ٣ûô򵥣һѹƴƵʱٻؾʦѹңΪô׵ĺŪ𣿡
ʧϻ
Ԥϣʧ϶۵ۣȺܶĻҪߡ
ⷬˮ˸һ¡
ڵĴƣѾﵽ˶壬ƾκһ޷࿹⡣ҪôƵı֮ĴƣͲκεĽҡĿǰ׶ΣþʵʵĿ
ʧϵ
ˣôظɺɣ
ˮ˵ͷܿת뿪

ͬʱңԶ˹ء
޾Ŀӱ棬һֱ洵
Դȥһ˹֮ս޺Ͷç֧أ۹սս֮˹ؾͳһѹֵϢնѹֵġʱ˿̣˹ظԭĶԵӰվ±ߣǰ޾Ĵء
紵ǰ裬ɢһɸɽֹȨޱߵζ
˴һɫۣĬĬǰ͸һǻޱߵĸо

ԭµԭʱͻȻһСһֻӥգѸٴӶ¡
ಣ
һ̣һֱֻȵĽס˿зµӥ
࣡Ƕͻʺţʧϵӡǣ
±ߵ˹սʿȫףѸߵ˹صǰеż˹ȥ
Ȼδʮֵʢ꣬ȴǱ˪λ󽫣һλ۹Ĵ˶ġֱڣƺûдǳͦż㣬ֻǼ򵥵Ŀһۣץи
ʧţͻʲóʮҲ׼ɣ
국Ȼ˶
ǣ࣡
ž¡ϵϵĽ칪
ʹ֮ս˹ص۹ʧأպյİϵѾȫûʵҲֻʣϵѡˣ˹ҲѾ˲ŵΣավڴԣĻǴӶסҴ壬һĵӡ
࣬ʮþǰδйǸҵ֮ӣĿ԰⵹𣿡
ž¡ϵĴ󽫾Ϊ˹ʱĴ󽫾ԭ˶Ĵ󽫾֮һ޵˵ž¡ϵĴ󽫾ͬǸ޴Ĵ
ԣǾÿԣ
ǰ
ϸȥͻ֣ᷢ꿴ƬĴأޱȡ
ҲΣҪĿġ
ܱеĹңʷǰͬʱþκ˵ġһеı󣬳Ǹź֮ӵıߺ棬ԼƵĴ̸̡У֪ⱳ󣬻һ˵Ӱ
Ȼûг棬ǡǡλ˹صĵ࣬ڱٳþĴ¡
Ԥȡ֮֮еһܹóġ
ף
ͷһ𾴣˹أ˵˭ıܹŵĴޣҲֻǰĵˡ
ҪսĶç֧غʹޱ𣬿Ҳֻеˡ
˹ʿŲɣҺҡ
ʱѾ죬Ƶⳡңǽ赶ɱˣƵûᣡڴ֮ǰܵġдһţڴƵıѹ֮ǰ˭Ҫģ⣬ǣСĴƵ

ˣ仰һƺ뵽ʲô
࣬˼ǣ
һʬɽѪɱıϻ˴ޡ˹ֺײˣΪִ𣿡
ȻعͷĿⶴϤģޱȡ
һԳ˼ɵɫһֱΪ˹ؿ⣬Ϲֱۣһ̣ŶȻԼ֮ǰ°һж̫ˡ
ʤûнû⣬λƵҲҪˣǣҪ¶
ֻһۣͻعͷĿͶ򶫷˴صľͷһΡȻıǡ
ԭϺָܿƽŴϵĸԭϣҲٴζ
þʽʼˣ

Ƭ֮󣬻һһֻӥѸڿնһ·Խؿռ䣬Ŵƶȥ
ݣ֮⣬ǴƾΪӵĵطˣͻʺ߾۹ɺССһطȻͬʱĸӴĶ֡
ʱ˿̣ݶıɳǣһ˸˺ɫսͷȻЩսУûжע⵽ж˼˻ɫı졣
һֻӥзӶ£Ѹû뱰ɳС
£˹š
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һ߾۹ĺڼսʿֻͣӥ羢㣬ѸٳڴСĶ棬һӰϢӴһ籩㣬Ϸ˫ְڷϣ˿˫֮ͭ䣬ȴһĸоʨ绢սηѡ
߾۹ƵģҲֻһ߾ʵˡ
໥ĳõ֤
Ԩģ
߾۹棬˵ˮе漣һ𣬱ע⣬ҲΪ߾۹ϵġʡ书Ҳﵽи߾ĵزرѵ֮УΪֹûܹγȫ̫Ԩ֮С

ԨĶϷɫһϵϿ˿ı顣
˹˹ءͻʡȫڲþϣ߾ܹȫϣ
ԥֽ


1281 þ
٣ثһͷ񻢣ûᵽǲþثǱ˳ƽô죿
Ԩ˫ֽ棬΢΢һɢһԱϢű
˹صĵ˵һѾ׵ǱѾŵ̸ԺثΥҵʷͻڳϰ޷ֹثҲܽ˽ث£
ԤϣƺżϵԨĻдһʡ
Ԩԣͫһ漴ͻȻЦ
ãΪģֻҪܹɵثһβþҲһϣȥϲ򼴿̲þʮ򣡡
ԨĵĴЦ¡¡Ĳѡ
ƣԸ߾вˣԨڣоз֮ʹģҲֻһ󶼻ثѡڸ߾˵ƾ͵ݶ͵ث
Ҹ߾۹Ϊ˺ͱˣսóũҵսǿ
ԨĴӦǶʮþõľˣԶʮսǿˣһв޴ثԨ˵һ
Ƭ֮󣬼ֻ㣬ӱɳǳŸ߾ʵԨĵϢѸٷϲ

ضҡһǰδеĴþ˵ע⡣
ӣܱ߸ʽʼþˣ
ʦǣһµĲ¥ϣһֻŸ£ܿһһż㣬ŲҴңһ˷ܵߵһǰһߺһŮں󷽡
֪ˡ
̴ľԣеİ״ɲ豭ɫƽޱȣ·ֻһƽСһ
ӣþеԸڿʵˣ
ȵ뿪һԵİŮһϲõܱйһ²þǴδй׳٣һжǹɵġ
ڻ˵ʱ򡣡
Ԥϣ۵쳣ƽûһϲã
ֻǲþȫȡӣﰵﲻ֪˶ǣֻҪڲþϳ©Ȼᱻ˿ס㣬ļ䡣ңĵĹȻѾӦþǲųЩΥϴӦǲþʵȴִܲУߴۿۣЩò
ŲʼӦʱʲôȻǴӦˣǾҪȷһɣ
˵۵Ŀޱȡ
ǣӣ
ߺŮɫһæӦ
ȥ֣ලþ£
ţƽ´ͬǴǴƵıңǸĵĹ޷ֹһ㡣ҪĳҲҪֶΣȥɣ
۴һͬʱӦȥ

ʱ˿̣ͬʱһʱ䣬ƾʦһطǧӸؾϸѡľۼڱǰ
ЩһĿѩ̫Ѩ߸¡ֻϲļӣһ书ˡ
һÿİһ飬Ҫ˹ءگɡ߾ʹʳܼǵþ̡סֻһЩͨˣھûκεıƣ飬͢ҲԲϡ⣬Уأܱκһ֣𣡡
̨ǰһϴ佫ӡıԱ˵
϶פʦ³ߴ˴ϵĽ죬Щ˺˱ĹǸɣ֮һ
ף
ǧӦ쳹ʡ
ȥɣ
һ£ǧսʿѸٷֻһգֳۣɰ֧İٶ˵СӣŸ۶ȥյѸʧ
ȵ֧ʧ̨ϵıתűſڵ³ȥ
ˣһжѾ׵
šȫȨҪʱ֪Ķ
³
ǣˣ

ʱĸ֮ۡУһ־ۼ鷿СЩ൱ֶףҶϡϡ³ĸ֣ӽļɸֺ͸·ǿ
ƾݣԼ˹ɱײչֳǿսɹһȺ֡
ڵͼϱǵЩطǶѾμס𣿡
Ƭ֮屳˫֣ͻȻڵ
ȫסˣ
鷿ɫ£Լͬ
ܺã
йâһĵ˵ͷ
͢ǷƮҡ֮һᣬ취ơ³Ǳһᱻ֣ǵǴʹĲòþԸⲻԸ⣬ٱǱҪôƸۣԼҪȸۡ
Ǵ꣬ɳ޿ɺֻǸ߾ʵԨģȫǷ֮ǴӦʲôһȨ֮ƣǱӦþһˡҸǱǵĵطǸɵĵطҲ׽ó֮󣬲Уѵĵطǵǲǵټǵж𣡡

ǣˣ
һʹ

˹ͬʱһĿ͸¶ǰδеľġ
ȥɣ
ɲǼ䣬һˣһ£鷿ĴųһȺѸٴ鷿ȥ֮Ҳһ𣬶Ǹչͨʩչַһ㣬ǽԺѸٵʧ
ſڣЩԾ˵ٶʧǵ¶һ˿ǣ
үЩĿ𣿡
ȥķʽȫһɢɳ;˵ѵȫͬ
ﶼˣʿȻȱѵ˴ûжϣɢҲɢҵĺôͨһҲ̫˻ɡ³ӱѡĸ֣϶ᱻע⵽Ҳ³ʱýӦ
ǣ֮ǰʲôˣʲô£ڼҹǰǵҳ϶ȷ涼ûκε⣡ˣԶˣ
˵һ䣬Ŀ͸ӣ棬ޱȡһɲߵǶûз֣һ˿ǡ
ڵĴ⻼ۺΪṩһǧѷĻᡣϢ˹صĵѾɽ̫ٱǰһĴսöΪ֮ɵĴڡɳ޿ɺʩɺԨġдʳ﷢ûһҰĲĵ
۰̫򵥡ΪƵͭǽƿһȱڣٽһȺǡ
ڣ岻ֹҪڳֹۣһΪƣҪͬʱꡢԨġʧЩ۶Ϊ⡣
鷿ﾲĵģģã·ʲôеȫɢȥ



1282 ˵

һȺһȺŸɢ˷ɱǸŲͬʹܴƻǸģӿһĵĲñ¼˵ע⡣ʱ˿̣˵עĲþʱȴûжע⵽͢Ϣͨ顣
һ飬ǴƵľӺԻӦжڶǿŶͨ̿ڰͨ̿ڰƸĵİջཻףٳͨճ͢˵ƺ͸֮Ȼѣ㲻ս˴֮˽⣬ǱսıҪֶΡ
Щ²µݣʡͨġ뿪ʡұȡ֮󣬲ľֱ仯֡СϣûкõɣҲ
˳֮ϣʦ֮Уҵİһֱڽϵ˺ʦеѰԼС֪ͯ˹ءͻʡ߾ԼĵİնѧϰƵԡڸĿѧãÿնӣÿ춼ԽԽĺΪĽƵĻѧãѧϰԡ
ΪĹעȺܸߣķ֮̿ڣÿѧĿѧϰԵĺĿ
̿ڣ˵ע⡣
ͬһʱ䣬лʹаƣѺãƽ˵Ҳھʦϡ
֪Ϣı仯
үˣ
֮󣬵鷿֮ϵʱͻȻ֮䣬缱Ǵ˽һֽ鿴ǲЩǡ
ʦв֪ﴫϢ˿ʼڶԱսǰս󣬴ƺ͸ĵľóζүǲ
ɫͨ죬ʱҲ̣֮ս˹ͺɺ֮սеս޲ն֣Σûлҹ
ȱ𼱣˵
̧ͷһۣеëʻӶϵϻһ֣Ȼŵһԣëʹҵʼϡ
һƽ࣬ǿ൱
үʦ֮в֪ĺߣܱսǰսԱ˵ÿս֮ǰбİհҵҲǻֻҪҿսʬҰƬ߲档յҲӴһǧɣˮƽ»

ʲôϵ
̧ͷ
үǱ׷Ǳҵ䣬Щ˵ìͷֱָүͱҡү׵壡

ˣ
ⷬ΢΢üͷ
ֹˣˣھʦѧ˵˴˵ʼ˵κҰʷ˵ˡǵ־ٶھʦ˴գСӶܹȥ·ϼ񵽵һž¥˿͵ĸʾү
˵ţеֽŷŵǰǽ
ӹֽһۣû˵ֻüͷԽˡ
˿͵ĸʾϲû̫ݣָֻʱߵŵ㣩Ļġʦգǰȥ
ˣԴ˼䲻һɣŵĽ

û˵̴ֻУ΢΢۾¶˼ɫ֪˶ã
һԴʱҪ

о¥
ʦкպľ¥֮һȻĴԹ󲻶࣬ȴ̵ĻӭֻҪʦḷ́а˳϶齡ҹʱոճԹķʳá
һִʱо¥ƻͨɽ˺¥棬˰軣ǰľʦա
ﻹв㣡
ӭӭǮģ
㲻ţȻǮûô𣿺ٺ٣Ҳ¸Ǯ˳ˣ

¥⣬С˼ϴһ׽ڿȥȥǶˮͲ裬ǰλޱȡ
ˣ
ŤͷһԵ壬硣Сһ仰о¥ǳĻ⡣ʱô˾ۼɽ˺һǮӰ쵽⣬˳ϡ
ﻹ˲ˮ꺮ů
Щ鱳˵ûãƲ˭š
û˵뷨᲻֪ʱ䣬ʦ̫ˡз˵飬˭ڵ˭
ȥԤİᣡ
ƽ
һ·¥ŵľݶϣܿ죬ͽо¥İ֮СǾ뿴̨ĵطһ絲ţ赲˵ҰȴĿ̨
գ
֪˶ãյһ¥ͻȻȫ
ڰֻһɫۣԼʮ˵һãͻȻ˿̨һɲǼ䣬˵Ŀʱ˵ϡ
λ˵ǿڣս£Ϊʥ׷ĵһλǿʢһʱиļʹۣж֪
˵ĵһ仰Ͳüͷ
Ҵƺ˻ģƽͻʣ½֪֪Щս֮ǰƺĹϵ϶گ̫ƽ˼ʮ꣬˫֮以ͨóסʥʶʮ꣬ÿگֻʡˮ׵İղվڶƽԭƵʨӳϣΪ͸𾪡Ŷң¨ﱳСĸŮˣǿ׳ǰ︺ש˲һᴩƺگ
ڲ׳ĶϣʿӷϡƵʿӣگʿȫۼСһŷϷһС̿¯¾ƣԾƣʫǺεȵ⡣ÿﴫʫʼѸگʹϣΪѻ
˽£İոˮ齻ڣ˴ͨĲе˸ˣĸگˣĸҲگˡ˴ͨĲеĴׯǻѪջͳƣǶʮ꣬мģͨʹﵽ˶ǧûͳƵľͲ֪ˣ
ǢĹϵ߱߾ÿÿÿ궼׬ʮӡļԶƽˮƽ
˵žһÿ壬͸һ˿ɫ
û˵ֻ¶˼Щ˽ʥʶʮ꣬û顣
ȻأڵϳǧٵӲʬҰе˸ĸ𣬸ӷĿ߾ϣİյڻޣӣ˫Ҫ˵ǻóˡ֮Ŀ֮ңһӯҲӣǿ±ͨ飬ǸһûС


1283 µı仯ٸ˾
֮ս˶ֻǵǧɢҲĺ֣ʮʮΰ˶ҪӢۣ͹˵ıжĸǢʳˮ齻ڣ
˵˵һʹļס
쵰
Ȼŭ
ˣЩһն񣬷ҪôҰƵǰˮ˭֪֮սڴ˽֮ǰѾˡǴˣֹ֮ǳǧ˻֪Ҫﵽ٣˵֪˱˶Ǯô˵ҷǵ˺죡
һŭӿ˵ߣȭͷ졣˵˵飬¡˵˰սµĽ뵽һļ˵ûǮƣָʹôŵġ
ôãΪ֪ʲôΪ۹ʲôԲŸ޷˶ҪԼܵʱķŭҲ˵Ĺͬ㡣
һ֮ģΪ۹ȫԸһδΣˣӦܵ衣Ļ۹кϿԣ
վס
ȥҪѵǸ˵ʱһͻȻӶߴһֻ壬ɫѹȻ͸ĳĶ
ʦ˵Ҫһһȥѵ𣿡
ү
ֱʲôȴ˻֣סˡ
㻹ҵĵģЩ˵ģ㿴Щġ
̾ϢһͻȻڵ
һʶĻعͷ˳Ŀ⣬̨Χһעڿ̨ϣתƵ̨µĹϡֻһڣȫſ̨ϵ˵ĳ
ֹǣĿӾ¥뿪ѹѹһŰϣվŵİաеˡСˣȫͷ˵ɫأһѻȸ
ˣ
һɲǣ𶯣·ʲô
𣿡
ڤڤУӶߴĵģƺޱȵңԶ
һΣ㰲ŰᣬĲ̨ϵǸ˵Χİպġ㷨ıһ˵ͷǸıͷģԶԼбѾڵ뷨˵ȻѲ˹ϵһ㣬ٵЩӣЩսǰսݣȫʵģûнκεıšţȻ˴ΪУۺҲһмȥ顣
ŹȻֵǵģʼգֵǵĵģѾıġսʮ꣬δֹͣ˼սֻӭ˼Ӧ˶
ɫصĿȻ̨ͣϵ˵ϣʱЩ̨ԣ¥İաУ忴һֶһָı䡣ĺǵġ
д˹֮սɺ֮սʤ࣬΢ıɱ˴ʳĴʳһײսˡƾʥʶӷΪƴδйĵһ飬˲֪˲֪ⳡսƵӰ𣿡
̨ϣ˵ľһã˵
˿֮·Ǵóͨÿһ괩·ϵ̶ӣϢ˿觡ɺ䡢Ҷﲻװܣۻɽһ·˹ٴɺһ·뵽ңԶĴʳ֧Զĵطһĸ֮·ܶ˶֮Ϊƽ֮·˵·ʵĲóǽ֭һĻƽΪ·ϵĲƸ˿֮·ϼ˴ˡɽأ
ڵɽʧ٣˿֮·ϣȻ֮ó׻ûжϾϵ̶ȴѾϡϡ裬ʮһԶûյʢƺʹʳ֮ⳡսʹ˫ó׿Ҫ׶ϾɺǺبһڣÿ漰ǧƽҪ̵طֿ
˵ϣҾ̫Զ˿֮·㣬Ǵƾʦÿһ꣬ȥٵ˿񡢴ҶиĻֱˮһ㡣һս֮ʲôҲûиоѵûиоԼˮƽˣȥĻˡʦĺҲûǰˣȥĵܵܸܵԷĵӣų⡣սҪ𣿡
˵˵Ȼθࡣ
̨£һƬţѹޱȡ֮ǰͬһ¶˼ɫ
ƽǲҪս
ȺУ֪˭еܿ죬Ҳ·Ž
Ҫս
Ҫս

ʼϡϡļˣǺԽԽ˸ż˵·һɣо¥ڵĿҲŽ
ƣ
ȺҵʱͻȻ֮䣬һھ岻Զľ¥ڣһδ󺺣͸佫Ϣ͵һƷӣӰ˳
壡ʿǰƴͷ­Ѫʬǻ֮ԴûЩ佫֪֪Ҫ˶ˣ
ǿ꺺ӣŭľһͷʨһ͵ؿ絽˿̨ϣһѾס˵죬ץСһӵ
ҵ£ҵ£ֻǾ¡
۵˵Ŀ־壬ͣĴſ׳˫֣Կ
ͻȻҸ˶һĻˡ

ʱһ˻ûзӦâһһӣѩͻȻڶ¥ľ¥̨ϣֻһУĿ꺺ӵֱۣסѨһס
꺺ӵʱ们¶һīɫӡǡǣеɫ΢䡣
ˣŵˣ
꺺ӣŨҵľϢʵӦ侳߰أߣŰ£ȴûһ㷴
ſңǵʲôˣ
ʱֻ꺺еһ˵ţһ߾ҵķ
ߣǳ͢³ٸ˾רŸƽʦ͸صɧңرǴ佫;˵ķʲô飬˾ȥٸ˾״ɣ
ŵİһ˵ţһΣһöƣɼٸ˾֡
ˣߣ
ɫź󷽻˻֣ȫװսʿһһѺ꺺ӣ¥ȥ
ٸ˾ʲôٸ˾ûſң
꺺ӻعͷˣ
㲻֪ûйϵҪ˶ã˶֪ߣ
˵


1284 ²¸
Ŀ̣
ô£͢ʲôʱٸ˾ʲô𣿡
УһֱгǷ˾άճڴ֮ǰûٸ˾֡
⣬²֪ﲢûٸ˾֡
ͷ
û˵¶˼ɫǳ۵ľ飬֪ܲȻʡǱƹãֱľڵĳ͢ࡢ̫ʦͬˣټϴͷܶණͿѸͨǰʱ򣬶ٻЩѶȣڣ˺ٵλãܶͨѶȾʹٸ˾Ȼ֮һ
µʲô

ǣȥ죡
Ѹȥ
ۣ㻹Ͳס
ȵ뿪ھ¥ͷ̾Ϣһˣ󲿷ûôϸ˼ױ۰Щ˵ˣȻϵ˱˿ܻеķӦԲٸ˾
νάֻ˶Ŀѡ
ʲô˼ҶʩΪģ
е
佫ΪصʦȴǵԸ㣬ǣ֮֡ܵġȻҲͬǸ佫Ⲣζ۾Ϳôĥǡ
һܿ뿪
ã
뿪֮󲻾ã¥ȺҲȻһĽкͻ
󻶺еǸˡ

ʲôˣ
뿪о¥ĵطٸ˾˺ͼѺ佫ͻȻͣһٴСڸոգǰâһƾնһӰب˵ǰŵİ˶ûԷôֵġ
Ҵˣ
帺ֶһƽ

仰ٸ˾İ˲ȻŭϵһͰγϵĳ
ٸ˾ն࣬
ٸ˾ʲôʱʼʲôȨˣ
Цһţ¶һɫơ˻ûϳԵļٸ˾ȴıɫ
ү
˷׷׵ͷ񡣾Ѻ͵佫һ۾
˱ֻҪսʿûвʶ壬ʶġƻãڱȴȫһ
㣡
һ䣬ʱҲ˳ƵͲ࣬ģҲֻһλˡȻûٶಣâһһӴѺ佫ɫ΢䣬ʶһ̣˸ա
һ̧ͷ佫ѾС
Ҵˣ£²˰ɣ
嵭仰һڤڤʧ
쵰
ܿҲ뿪ˣ׷׷ϡ˫֮ľ̫ˡߣ׵ǰ벽׷
ǴƵսҪˣ˭赲
˻׷ȥͻȻ֮䣬һϤϸţͻȻУ
飬Ѿ֪ˡȥɣҲⲻ˶ã
һ𣬶Ȼͣعͷֻ಻Զĵط֪ʱͬȰվǽͷϣΪ׵ģȻһƮƮǵİŮŮ뿪ķĿޱȡ
ǣʦ㣡
һܿͣ

һ࣬佫ܿص˸֮ۡǰ
佫οһԺ˳嶯£ˡǱҲܿ촫Ϣ
һжĲ²࣬ٸ˾ȷʵ۽رԸ˵ġǺٵλñһϵȡĺ֮һǣͷ̫ʦ֧֣ӵͷֱӾƹ˳ãһµٸ˾
ھʦ֮жٸ˵ˣٸĽã
鷿ǡԪˣһϵȫټˡ
үǲˣȫǹһǧٶ˵ˣһģһȫսǰսһˮƽı仯˴ǰȥۿСӶ˴ȥո֡ԽԽ࣬ܶط˵ҪƽҪսìͷֱָҡүǿºǲ
ԪӵǾͼȫ飬Ӱ쵽˶æ顣ռ鱨˶е
үô죿ŸոտʼʱѾôӰˣȥӰԽԽ󣬵ʱɾͲ
˶һ
үҪҪҴȥֹǣûа취˵飬Ƿ˾һõ
ҧҧڵ
Ĺøӵо޴ȨޣֱӵǷ˾ı͸Ƿ˾ֻҪҸ鳯ͷͿ԰Щֵ֧˵ͨͨץûа취˵顣
ûãǹıǲֹǣ˹ȥǳǷ˾ʲôˣʵǵĻʦеİնֻǵ⣬ǰͲô


ô죿
Ҳ׷ױɫ
ɢȥɣ취
˰ֵ
ѶԸĲϲıǹ󣬰һжıȻѾеһжƽȥˡû˵¶˼ɫ

ͬʱʦһĸۡţۡſϹһڵ׽ңдż򵥵֣²¸
Ǵε²£۵ĸۡҲر͸Ĺۡ
ʱ˿̣ۡϡŮмŵĸȫۼŷж׼κʱ򣬶ܰеʵǰ۵ϳõһһж֮ı䣬ȻͲȫ͢á
ľٸ˵һ顣
վڴϣͻȻڵ
ǣӣ
˹Ӧǣо¥佫ͻע⵽о¥ⱻְ˾ߵḶ́ٴظһ顣֮󣬴ڣһƬž
Ѿע⵽ˣ
۴һ˫֣ͻȻڵүǾʱо¥ֵط˵ģ˵ĿģǾܵġ
ӣ˼ϸ壬ǶıȻѾע⵽ǵжֻ½ͻµʱǲ
ͻȻڵ
ν֣ȫݵĻΣرǼ֣Ϻе˶˼Ϊ̵ӡνԹᣬѾû˸СʮĴˡ


1285 뾩
Ϲˡ
۰˰֣ƵᣬһǰŲӣ
ıııı׶㣬ıѷһΣǹıûʹκεֶΣٴٸıԣҲһûа취һ˶ţֻҪҶͻ³ҪԿѾֻǣоеİգµġ
սô꣬ǱϷûжϹѾʼս˼ûϲսÿ˶źƽǴֻǰһչʾǰⲢǼıʵ
ͷĿ䣬·͸޾
˶ĬĬţж¶ŷɫӵ书ıԺǻ۶Źܳģİţûиһɡ
ҹζ࣬ʼǸСĶ֣ϡʦãıһճ̣ӿƻɡ
۳
ǣӣ
ϺͰŮͬʱж¶һ˿Цݡ
Ƭ֮һ׵˶˳ȥֻһˡ
׵ѷͿôӦˡ
ͷ

ƾʦսԾãͰˮƽ˺ҵʱ򣬰ϡͥƱйͨ̿ڰʹĽ飬ȫõִСԽԽĺˣͨ̿ڰ뵽ڵػС
ŰĴԣĺҲԽԽࡣֱӴٳɳͨ͢һ飬ͨڹʱܹʹĺˣȫܹܵõٷ֮ʮļ۸ŻݣеŻݣɳ͢Բ
һж֮нУ֮һϢ䶯ƣ
ʡ飬͢һԴĻѧϰͻˡگˡ߾ˡ˹˵ȵʦзʣɳ͢ṩǸܴƵķ顣
ͬʱҲǿͨնں˵˽⣬˴˵ʶᣬٽƽѺý
Լʱ䵽ʦ˿
ӿߣϰִȥȥ
ʦ磬һ״Ŷӣ˳ĳųŶȥȻʦΪƵΡҵģҲвٵḷ́һβͬ͢Ĺ˵һĲЩ󸹱㣬Ҹеḷ́ͨˡ
ǺͨͨĴưһѪ⣬źͨЩɷĴɱĺսʿҰճ͢˵滹вٵĺŮ˺СЩƽʱھʦԼġ
һ·ԸӸϵſڵʱɽ˺һϹ˲ÿ϶磬˷ܵĵȴʲô
䣡
ڵȴʱֻǰһ죬ĽźȻǰĻ
ˣ
ҿ쿴ĺöˣ
ȺһƬɧңҲƬ̵ʱ䣬ڹپĻ£һӰաѸٵųڶ
ӣ쿴
Ŷӣ˷ܵǰȥֻǧƵĺĶУڳųŶȥһע⵽ľǰһƵˡɷףŵɱ¾ĺ˲ͬһͨͨˡ
ϴŴֲڵ鲼·ֻƿ񣬻Ҳͨĺ߲࣬ĺ󷽣ꡣȻǺˣȴź˵·ȫûִ³ӡ
󣬸˿ͷϻŻĺŮϺ˵ģһ˷ܵĴܣȻδƵľʦҲδ˷ĳǳأеһУһкǰδеĳ
쿴Ưķӣ
ʱ˿̣ϵŮȴûע⵽˹עԼĿ⿴ŲԶһܶľ¥עݽǣ˷ܡǰһУĻҪѧʦ˵ĻҪΰ
۴αȵ¥ӭչľ죬нֵ飬ɽ纣ȺǸָ˿¹ЬģеһжڴԭϿĽȻͬ
̫ˣֱһ
ԵŮҪ𺳡
ৣ
˻˵ţ󷽣ӰһգһͻȻϻ飬ͳ嵽˽ֱһӵĵǰ
ⷬٶͻάĹپһҪֹѾˡ̵ϰǱһɫˡ
㲻Ҫ
ϰǿ־塣
ӶǮһ
ǺɬЩһ˵ţһߴӻȡеļͭǮ˹ȥ

ϰŴͣβŷӦ
Զǿֻͣһģһľ͹ˡ
ϰһ˵ţһ߽ڣִԲӵ˹ȥ
лллл
ӹڵĴӣҧһڣһߵлһ˷ܵᡣ
ԵˣҳԵʦ˵ӣ
߸ߵľֱۣͬǴе
䣡
󣬿ġ׳١һ˱ĻֵԣĿһĻľǰգڳʼĴ֮Ҳ˷ܵĴÿһ˶ѡ
ˣ
ǾʦЩ͵ḷ́Щԭͨͨĺ˰գһΣʦеİշ֣ԭͨĺҲһҲް߰ף׷ԲԵߣҲഺ磬ˣһжŮ
ǵҲһ档
˺İղûʲôеӽȻͬ
䣡
ʶһ㣬ȺĻˣάپܵһ㣬¶һ˿Цݡ˺ˣսϵɱ֮ӭһģ˴֮ĺƽʱڡ
ûİң˫İյһʶ˶ʵһ档
ӿ쿴Ҳûʲôɺµģǲǣ
ȺıԵ߾ŶӵĸҲоֻ֣Ǣգһ˷ܵ
ڹپĻ£ȺĻУ飬ǧƵĺ˴ţžʦǰŵݶȥ
ʱ˿̣ûжע⵽ֱߵһ¥һ˫۾ջĿ⣬¶һ˿ǡ
ˣȥ»аЩĺˣȫĺˡΪϵϢȫǾ˺죬Ϊα찡ŵ󵼰հ
վڴߣǡ
ڳ͢Ļʼ֮ǰԼүϵȻǰһУ˸оɡǢЩˡСҲûʲôвȴ˲Ǻֻһ棬һ档
û
󡢴棬ЩȫǺˣ׺ݡпᡢԳԵͬҲǺˣǸް߰ߵˣս纣鲼ԭԳΪһ֡ЩഺŮɹƸ⣬ţΪṩڣЩꡭ


1286 
жװףЩս׺ɱĺһ곤˵ġ
жٱĺ˰գܸˡСǵЩ˵ĵ£һ˵Ѫ
һпڼҲԺĿĸТ˳ԶӹذսʱҲ˶Լĵ˿顣
߰ɣ
̾ϢЩȻǶԵģζǾͻÿ˶ֻԼĶ
Ѿıˣ
ǡ
ͬʱֵһ࣬һӰͬ·岻ͬŴƺ֮İջЦһƬӣǵӰĵ˵ͷ¶һ˿΢Ц
еŬջ񣬵ƺİձ˴˺ദʱٴӡ֤֪ĵͬͬȻòһԲһҲһϰ߲һЩڵĶȴһģŹͬУͬϲŭ֣սԴδ֪ԴڶԱ˴˵Ͳ˽⡣
˫֪ԷǺԼһѪͨˣôսͿʱΪ˴ΰ룬òȡһЩҪֶΡ
߰ɣ֪ͨȥһԼӿˣ
Ťͷ˵
ǣӣ
ϵ˹
һǰվٿһˮ齻ڵĸգһ˫ǳҲüᶨ˺֮ǿԺƽģһĻ綼ΪһĻԸ⸶κδۣκ赲·ϣΪİգ͸룬Ҳֻˡ
һƷ¥ϣҲӰ

Ҹۡ
үϿʼȺۼԸҪսˣ
峿ҴҵĴķ
αԽԽԴӲ¥¥ϣ̽սǰ󣬱شñ仯֮ټϸĺ뾩ھʦеսԽԽǿҡĲþͺ󳷷Ҳͳͳһ㡣ڣԽԽء
żЩǵҲбû
ŵƲ𣿡
侲
ûУ
ҡҡͷ
СɵڣܵʦսӰ죬Էľۼ
û˵̴ľУ΢΢۾¶һ˿ǵɫ
Ҫʲôˡ
΢ͷд˷
սǲпģûϲսսս⡣սǺͯϷҲûĸܡ߲ᣬϲ߲ϲҲҪսǰֻӦս߲Ӧս
ӦսĽǼͿ̿ںһУΪСǱ΢ս߲ս
˴ϼſڵʱûоܾʸŰս̫Ҳ̫ˣҰҲܴӰ죬ս̫򵥡ѾܹоõһεİšɰȻŵйϵѰףȴиεԭ
ۺֻǰֶˣûǣɡҲһᱬβܵĻΣֻø
ǻǱôˣ
۾ͻȻڵ
ĬȻõ
ǻǱߣͶ˴Ǽʱ깤ڡĲȣǻյ뻹̫ࡣǰǱҲѯүǲҪһӣ
˼սӰĲֹǾʦеİգб¡Ľʿ˹ءͻʡ߾ʳگܱڶҲþӽһڴƵʷϻûйҲȫ˺ƽЭ飬ĵҵĲԭĻϷߺƺ󳷶
ζ˫ľԭľϣַֿٶ֪ǵĴڣĹأ鷶ΧǰɽŵĻһ˵ɳĮһӵְڷڻĶ֡
ûе⣬֪֣Ǿӻʲô壿
֮оĽеãˡѵƺ֮ʵֺƽ𣿻˵ӵĴڽûбҪ
Щ佫ǣӳ˱
أǰͱǱߣһվɡ⣬йעǱߣһָоҪľֹЩһĶ



²¸
ʱӰУϵʱ򻻳ŸĵģоʦģԼ޸صģеϢ۵ҹĻ٣²¸䱸ɭϣӰִһĴܣκóȻᱻš
²¸ģʱȴǵƻͨ
ĹâɼϢǿӰСЩ˵ϣŵīɫӡǡ
ĵĲþΣ
Уһľһ֮⣬յģʲôûСݿһԣ񵭣һ÷񣬳׵Ϣʱ˿̣ڵȴһƬš
عӣһаͰࡣУ߾Ǳɡȥ鿴ˡȷʵóʮ⣬ͻʡ˹ءɡʳǱߣԼó˰˳ϵľӣǵȫ̶ڼල⣬ǻ˱ⱾǺ͸֮ԼǱ߲ǵͬ⣬Բ֣ҪҪǰֳȥ
һµ֣ϸȥͻ֣ᷢ˺Ȼǵ¥ϣ轣ˡ
ˣб˵ĺô٣Ǳ˼ɣҲܹǼලԼеĲþ
۰˰֣ΪľͶ䣬ȻȻһ˳ᢵ彫ʣĻĻǾʦеһж֮С
ǣ
⣬ʦеôˣ
۵
ʦһǧټҾ¥ݵ˵ڽ֮ǰѼģǵϡеϣǴӻãûκεļӹɷݡ⣬ϴκ뾩ЧеĺúܶࡣǰʦеİնԺ˳־壬źɫ䣬ͨνӴ˶ѾʶʵǺһͨˣûд˵еô¡˵ģսԴδ֪Ŀ־壬ֻҪ˴˼˽⣬Ͳôս
ڽѾֳʦѾкܶ˾ۼսӡһжԷֵģûнκεƲ

ϣǰŵЩ˻жõ
ͻȻŤͷһԵĺˣϵ
һʱǰѾȫִﾩǣֻȹӵ
ɫŰ壬
ܺãʱΪ˸˸ֻҪĿǶԵģͲòʹһЩҪֶΡϣʼɣһоʹӽҹʼ
ڴλǰվ
ǣ
һ仰²¸е˸ĥ̰ת˻ûоʱʦеҲ۵£֮ת


1287 ·֮
壬ļģ⼴⣬ڵѾת䣬˼ս㻹а취ӦµĴƣʷǰǰκ˵Сġ۵ֻȡھͿѡˣҲĻᣡ
һ仰۵Ŀޱȡɽ٣ֺ֮״ɵӿʼĲֵڣѳɣѾκ˿赲ˣ
壬ҲУ

үˣ
ڶ죬һ磬ɫ԰ף缱ǵܵ鷿
¡ս֮صİյ¥¥֮Уǵľھʦ֮˽սΣʦ˺䶯һľ¥˿
ʲô
仰ƤһȻͣд
ʲôʱ£

ش磺
ŵǰһЩһΣѾôˡµģһлǿʼſ»иģĶ
վãҲһЩһЩŵǲֻĿǰģǻиͼıүԸҪĿ֮һ
û˵ü
֮ǰŵھʦ¥֮˽սǰľʦеѾۻһ̶ȣһѻҩͰһڸɵľǵȼһǣ׵ҩͰ
̽
忪ڵ
ܿȥսҸۡԾɢ¥
塢ֻһʼٸߵۺţԶԶ͹ЩսҰھʦӰ졣
սĲпᡢ£Լʧȥ˵ʹ࣬Ĵ̼˾ʦеİգŵƲ̶ʱڣʮƵİվۼԸҪάƽֹͣսϧ֮׵ģ͸ĴɵЭ飬һ˲óӵĿںţ
øŮ뿪ӣصĸߣ⸸ӷ룬ʹࡣ
һ֮ڣɴΧԸжŵڳ˳˲óʮľ
˳ҰҲ۹
ܣУ
һڳϻ죬һͷŭʨһ㣬˫ͨ죬·˶ɣ˶̬סˡ
ѾóľӣٲóʮóҲֻʣʮҡƾӣһ£α۹
ŭɶҵΪѾĵߣ
ֻҪһڣ;ͨ
һ࣬Ļ۵һ˿Ĺâ
ʦеİҲˣ˼ûҪսҪ𣿡
۳Ĵһ͵ǰһԡãܺԿĿҲֻʣλŵ²ˡ
ҸѾóܼưƲóӣҲıսľģȻûսֺôľӣ
ƣͨʷͣͣսսսʲôʱֹͣһսͿ̿Ǹе𣡡

κζһ޶ȣŵѾв۹Уһζǿҵɱġ
ԲȡеľӣȻʮóڱУ̫ƽѳɣ˭ƻ֮׵ĺƽ˭ʷˣֻߣ˵ǾȥЩʧȥŮ޶ֵİս˵ɣ
ϲòžӪڣ˭赲ɴƣ˭Զĵˡ
ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ŭһֱϷĴͻȻˣ
ʱΪֹеȴ
һΣӺûиۣʥ֮ǵһ˳λ̳ˡӲó飬ӶҪء
һ·ܹսʤɾһβܵĴ˵Ϊ˳Ӧ⣬ڣȴѡΪУΪУԵȱʢ˥Լѡһ֮·
ᣬۺ̫߳͵ڰ񵤳ص׶ˣ˼ͬʱͣ
һԼѡһ֮·ȴ۹ѡһ֮·һ֣ᷢν֮·ʵڻ۹Ƶˡ
ɫ߷ߣ˵仰ȥ
ͬΪı֮ĵѾԽԽԶˡ
ƺҲû뵽һش𣬵ܿͻع
İɣԶһģ
ıӰ۵ɫᶨޱȣһͬת뿪

塢ۣΪþֵ÷зʱ֮󣬻һֻɫҹգ˴ƾʦһģ˶𾪲ѵϢ
֮ǰʮʳһ·˹׸˹ӣȫɺǡɺԼеȫĵֿȻɺǳǸǽսʿػȱܴƳɺľӸֵסʳ˵ķɺ᧿Σʱܱơ
ɺŮʰʽƳԮ
¡
Ϣͬһöذը˴ƣҲ磡
үͺķ󽫾ţ
үŽţ
үţɺ᧿ΣԮ

ҵĸۡŸľԮţѩһ鷿֮СһƬء
үɺʮ𼱣ʳǰͺ̣ηɺսʮ򣬶ӡɺ᧿Σʱܳƣ
վһԣǰ壬ĿǼСɺǴƵѣ˫һĻ飬ǡԪÿ˶Щ͵ɺսʿһս˵ǲֻһ֣һѪ⣬ʵĴڡ
ڣЩʷǰΣ
ÿһ˶壬ȴľ
׼Ҫ볯
վԥ
ֻƬ֮һʻ˻ʹ֮СһյĴƣע޷ƽ
£ɺʹƴΪѣҲǴƶԿʳҪϣɺƣʱ˵ֿʳδʳһ·ֱָƣ˹ս¾ͻٴݣ
ϣִ˰壬٣
٣ʮ𼱣΢飬ɺֱӽʳ۹
£ԣ
һӵ´һͻȻǰһɫͬޱȣ
ƺ֮ò״һ£򲻿Ϊɺƻ֮׵ľ档һƳ֮ǰ͸ɵЭ飬ͻȫϡĻΪǺսֵ֮Σþ֮پͻḶһƽʱǣһȫƵʱҪĵģ¾Ͳһʳˣ


1288 ɺΣ
ɫϢͬһֲɺս̫ͻȻˣƳò׵ĳɹͻȫ
ҴʳͺɺϵӣɺشǴʳѾʳͳʮ֮ã΢飬Ⱥʹʳ棬Ժƽķʽ
£飡
ͬһʱ䣬һ󳼴Ӵ֮˳Ŀһתһ壺
˹֮սͺɺ֮սŸոսƵսʿĻ𣿵ΪػҲͰˡǴʳɺ֮սѵǴƵʿҲҪΪ֮ѪҿǺͿ˰ɣ
ǰյĺҲˣ˭ҳ˭ð֮踣µĺƽ֮ףסǴƵүɺү

һһĳϳУԵһ˸߹һˡҲ֮䣬ûһε¼ҲͨʳɺսȴҪֱǻ
û˵̫͵е佫ȻһΣ佫Ҳ飬ǲ˿ĳɡڡǷսڶߣʳ⣬˵һһɽ˺ҪôΪ˲ɵɺȥԸʳǶû
ܵĿ⣬·ʲôжʱһƬĵ黹Ƿˣսҵľٶãе佫֪ܵӰ졣
£ݺƤ֮棬ëɸɺǴƵֵˮĴӣӵˮй£ƻԶ𡭡
ʹļ׵Ȼû˵꣬ͱӴϣ
߹֮£ɲ죬˵ġ飬ʱ͵Ϊֹɣ֮ϣ
һ仰еĻ˸С
λɢɣ
͵£
Ŵɫ뿪Ĵӣһɲǣпյͺһ̤һ޾һֱ׹ȥ
һ·ججҲ֪Լô뿪̫͵뿪ʹġ
ΪΪ
ѵûף˺ɺһʳĿǴ𣿡
ɺǿıԴأôʳռ죬ʱ䣬ЩԿʳɺˣͻᷴԸƣʳ绢

ͷ˷ϵĴԺӹоͺסؿڣޱȵܡϣʮԶԶԼĴ֪׶༪ٵʱ嶼û˵ܹǳһ˫˫佫۾
ʢ̫ƽ˼ʲôʱ̫ƽʢ£Ѿɢֵز
ꤣ
һ·֪ǰ˶ãһϤ
ү͢ûͨ𣿡
洫Сǲ
У
屳ᣬ΢˫ۣһڻع
͢ͨˣ
ãڿˡ

⣬ɫһӲ԰˲١Ȼ³ʱ򣬿ЩԾҲû뵽͢ȻֱӾ;ܾ˳ɺĽ顣ͺķͰŹǡгˮס
ﾲĵġ
û˵ޱȵ㲡Ȼ˵ǵȵʥ֮飬û˱ף仰ʵ˵ƲΪɺġûдƵĳɺֵܵ˴ʳϵĹ
뵽˴١
ûʱˣ׼ֽͱʣдš
֪˶ã

ɺͬСɣ֮ǰķԸ֮ǰʱֽʣԱʱ
һţĸ֥߶ٷ֮ʮľӣɳǧ¦ʦǡϯԪ졢ھԼѵеİӣѲӱǰȻҹ֧Ԯɺһñ³ǧ

ǣˣ
ٶԷŻˣϴëд쪵ķԸѸд
ڶ⣬պɽҵ
ԽΣʱ̣Խ侲֮ǰ³ڳ͢Ļպɽҵڱ˳Ϊ飬ھеҵͳ˧жࡣ
ǣеǰɺǣĨھеıƣָǵ֮

仰ëһ٣϶Ȼ¶һ˿ݡǺܿ죬ʲôܿͷ
ǣү
еĲ£ֻġǵսԶԶԽľӣľﶼǵĶ֡Ǿ˹ͺɺ֮սʱ彫ͬһʳȴ
սҲ⽫ǱĿӴ󣬶Ҳκһ֧Ա鵽ڶûгɡҪ֧Ԯɺһǿս
ǰٶԽԽ󣬿±ȲҲ첻˶١⣬쪵дһֱûͣһţţԼٶȰķԸдš
ţ֪ͨĸԿ֮ҵ壬ȥļ߸κһվɣǻõ㹻ı꣡
һһϴ﷢ȥҲԽԽ侲⣬ϵӦţܱʼ顣
һţдʳĻʵ۹﷢ϣķ
忪ڵ
仰һϲ¶һ˿㵵ɫдŸ֥պɽĨȥھڵıƻ⣬û뵽һţȻдʳʵ۹﷢ģѵү˵ʳ﷢˱
ȴ֪뷨˶˳˼֮С
ķ̳ܲ˱δҽԻӱ°͸ɺƣʳǣͬ飬Ҳһڴʳϣ
һ仰ޱȡ
ͻȻ׹ɽ·Զƺʹʳֹ֮͢ľֳٳ²Ҫǵģ»ξºɺǿһƣ֮Ĵʳı
ƺͰϣɱ˽Ĵʳڴʳ˵һѪ𣬶մʳһķƳ֮ʮа˾Żǣһ仰ȻΪ˶һĻķ
Դʳ˱뺷ԸƾһȻܣĻһоͽȻܹͬɱĴʳܹɱĴʳӣǡ
Ųֻһǿţһʵв
ʵ˵һУ
˵һ仰·ľеᣬֳһƣ롣⣬쪵ڶдϣֻһ촫һֻֻӥȸЩţѸٷ˷


1289 ֮䣡
һУҲԸŵ壬ѡһƧٵĵ·Ҹۡȥ
ʱ䷢̫̫࣬үҲ̫ˣ
ھĵģ屳ᣬ΢ͷԺд˷һУȴû˿ɵĸоԽĳءսȻѾ˵زÿ˶Ѻƽ̫ã̫򵥣ƽҪԼȥȥŬȥȡġ
˶ۺɺ߻ʵԶս޹صʱȴûףͬһԷһԷڴơ˸ףʱսǲòս
ںɺ飬ǲʵ硣
¡
˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬һ𣬶ͣ
ôˣ
ڵ
үûʲôǰ·ˡϻ·
⴫͸һ˿Щҡͼı䷽ʽȻǳˡ
ǲҪս
һ춯أ˻ߵźͻȻǰ
Ѿ̫սˣ
˭ҷս˭˵ĵˣ
һǿݣ߽ΪѾֶΣǾӦ
ҪˣʮˣˣѵǵݴʬҰЩ佫𣿺ɺսǺθɣҪս

Ǽޱȣ춯صĹɫ΢ףͻȻʲô
ү
ʶĻعͷᣬͻȻǿҵĲϵڷͣʦİھʾǧ˾ۼһ󺰣ǰʦ󺰡
ǰɣ뿴һ
֪˶ãͻȻ쳣ĵͳһɲǣвһ¡ϵ彣Ϣ˳ϵлռǡ
ৣ
һǣһ͸档¥۴αȣҰޱ޼ʵ̳¿ȥڼƮľ£忴һȺۼȺ飬ǧƵȺۼһԶԶֵϣ¥ϣӰ
ЩΣվȥ
ȥˡŮˣˣˣСһȺ˸ߺźţ࣬һޱȣƺƴȫһ˳֮УԶ忴˸˳ھۼڴ󺰡
һɲǣһޱȵİдӿ𡣴㵡ˡʹġһ㣬зţǿҵĻһʹϧһǿݡ߽ΪֶΡڵĳ͢оʦİգսѾ⵽ֵزɡ
ƵҪٵĴۣٵѪŻȡѵŻеɺ͵ŻĲп֮ͻᰤǿǱԼΨһ취
ꤣǰͬŵû̫ע⡣͸зսȺɫҲԽԽ԰ס
ΪʲôҪսҲһֻͨ˶ѣǲҪսķߣ
˵⣬úԼʳ˺ɺսƺθɣ

һĴУǰ벻Զһ֧ǧ˵Ķ߾ֱۣոմӽֵӿһ֧ӿһ֧֧֧ʾȺԶеĻҪöࡣ
ңԶĺɺսһذը£׵Ⱥķս
Ͻֵľ룬Ѿ֧߰еڣսϡЩ˻ߵĴ󺰣ÿһһһ屳ᣬı۾ÿһκ·ľе
ǰС
ģƺϸϢ˳ȺҲĸıʾķ򣬴ʼġҪƽҪս佫Ŀָ壺
һж⣡һУϴó֪͢ǵ⣡


ź춯أھʦһشһ̨߰ۼһڸ̨ϴԼ
Ѿ̫ƽΪʲôҪʱɺ
ʮ˹ͺɺһѾɱһʮˣѵ׻ҪɱˣȻڳٴγɺ
ڴƣɱħ
һҪʥʽһְǴݲɱħͷ

̨£ɽ˺һӦÿһȺĻӦһһ糱ˮһ㣬ء
Щ쵰
Щ۾Ѫ죬ɱ˵Ķˣ
һԵ۹ĳϳϣһԼȫޱΣʱ̣һΣޱõ£ΣΪ˴ƴȫӢۣͳһɱӯҰĴħ
ѵ˴˸ոջسǵʱε˿γӢһ
Ų̶̵ʱ䣬Ϊ˾ȻƱ䣡
һɲǣĶڵѪû˿үԸԸ⿴һƵӢۣܵڵ
ҪɱЩ쵰
ȭͷҪԾȥ
ˣȥɣ
ʱһƣСޱȡ
ү
ȥɣ
ٴεᣬһޱȡЩĶͳģǿ̨ΧЩңһӦŵİաЩһǱȱĵҪʹ
ȣȣȣ
ʱ򣬵·ԣͻȻһͯɵУע⡣

౱飡
أ

һһۣŽƬеȺиĲͬ
һͻȻƿһӣֵֻߣһҩԣһ߰СкɫС£һ񽣡ȻƮƮģûʲôСкȴ峺ޱȡ
ΧȫǺȵȺһоͺ޹һСкȫעֻʣе񽣡
ʲôûҶУս𣿡
ͻȻ֮䣬һִɤŴԱߴûСкӦһֲֻڵģȰİƴԱ˹ͷһ͵Ĵϣͬʱ˳һѽСк񽣶ȥž
û¥ô˵ս˳ãԽˡô󣬿ɲΪսϡССͲѧãҿȥúö飡סˣԺҲ轣
һֲȹõĸɫСкͷһٴ
裬Ϊʲô
Скͷίʲôܿͱˡ
ûʲôΪʲôʲôϢϲ̵ģʲôö
ĸ׵


1290 ǿȨ
һɲǣһݽ͵Ĳһ¡ʦУǧԸʾУǧֱӹĸ׵һ仰ֱߣСкͷ֣ͺʲôһųų߽ķ
Скǰһɲʧ䣬ί֪ãһɲǣͻȻҵĳ鴤
ֳĽֵϣûжע⵽ҩ̱ߵСкҲûжע⵽ĸףǵĴڿ΢СǶ˵ʦпȺûӴҫۡ
ڮ٣еȲСкǰʧøʹ
һ۹ĻʯڰգյĻʯȴǡǡһСкСкȥһʱҪ۹ʱ׽ȴĴ䣬ϲ̵ĶǺöûκǰ;ʱ۹δҲעˣ
ûκԸͦȥ۹ƬݺͰգƵ佫ԽԽ٣ôȴ۹ģֻҵˡ
ڣûһڼٵıܡûһ̣磬ôȥ۹ƬݣƬȰǡԲ֮ս˹֮սֻߺɺ֮սƴȫȫԸ
ʳܣʮڱѩлΪ񣬵׸˹ϣʳ۹һĻʵķòʮƽʱΪԼӮˣΪԼѾɹı۹Ƭݵˡ
ǿϵЩĳ佫ʦЩеȺڣֱǸίСкͻȻоԼˡ
ƺƽ̫õʱˣʢı棬̫İҲ̫Σ齨齨İӣȸӶһֱڽ߾ȫ۹ʵǿı
ǿʵٶıҲֻȵһʱΣԶĸıƬݡ֮ս˹֮սЩΣԶǿʼҲǽҪԶĺƽͱԶģ׵ĸı۹˼룡
磬ҪȵģһβҰܵսǸģ
ȭͷȫѡ
һɲǣĸоԼʲô
ûκһ֧Լ㲻κһ⣬ԼҲʲôƮҡ֮ǰңܿӣ̤ȷĵ·
ظ
ꤣڴؽʻĸ֮ۡС
һǣʦԼڣû֪ķ籩ϯƣϯ磬Ҳ׵ĸıĹϹңʷĳҲһ·

븮ۡʱҲ֮ӭشı仯ķչԶĻҪҵöࡣⳡϯʦķսУû˿ļ񣬷ԽԽңҿʼӾʦɢݸءڷսԽԽߵͬʱþĺҲԽԽǿҡ
ļŷ˱߽ϣٻԼھеŮսﵽ˼ඡ
ѹʱ䣬͢Ͳòľ飬ʽþʮ򡣶һδƽһ𣬽ʱ䣬һ𺳵Ϣˡ
ʧȥƵ֧Ԯɺڼʱ֮ڱʳ׹ˣ
ɺݣ
ЩϢȫĸۡС

ʦһƬֵʱҸۡȴǴŽա
ô͹ȥķ˻û𣿡
ҸۡУһԵǣǡԴǴɢͰԼ鷿УԲ͹ȥĲͺУҲԭⲻ
Թ͵͵鷿һϢûУ¶ޱȡ
ûжүڵ˵İ
ǻص
εһܴ󡣡
еĵһҲ١
ڳ͢һֱ˺ܴϣһΣǳ͢䣬оʧʦеѾʼֱӹ塣ǿԴڱȻǳܣЩ£ΪȻɷս˳ǣ΢ᣬʵ̫ˡ

ͬʱһյ鷿ţг̾Ϣš
ʱ˿̣鷿ȴǾĵġ
͸ϸȥţһ״̬Ѿˡǰ˸ָż㣬ɺģ͢ģģеϢһֻֻϰ㣬ҧġ˫۽գ԰ɫһ·ʯһ㣬Ȼƽı£ȴû֪˿̵ȴһƬ籩ꡣ
֮֮ս˹֮սϱ𣬾ݺƽ٣֣ȫԺС
յĴƣǿʢ٣ȻֻĹٺһδʤȴûΪ˽ǿʢͷ٣˶Ѫ
ʷһѵֻһ棬ȴûпմȾѪʷͺһ鱦ʯĹԺͻȻȴⱳ󹤽ŻѪ
ʦ֮еˣڻУҪƽսʱȴûжע⵽ңԶĺɺͬǿƽȴʬҰѪɺӡ
սûдôԶɺѪɺӵʱ򣬴ȴɻڻ֮С
ÿ˶ڿƽȴǺƽģͨŬȡġսƽƽ棬Ժƽƽƽ
ȻǲпģҲǲпģȴȸʳҪжٴεѪŻס⽻ذ򡱵ļ򵥵
һ֮ս˽ڣһ˹֮ս¤һΣоԼҪȵ۹ġ
Ƿߣǣʹģ
һ㣬С

мޱȡ
˶ѡĬԼѡĬ˶ѡӶãôԼһ˸أǰУ²⣬»ǣҲ۹һ
ৡ
͵Ĵӱʼʣպī֭һɲǣ֣оһУУΪһͷ
̯һֽþȫд֣
ǿȨ棡
¡¡һµɲǣؼͻȻڶµɲǣؼȻ¡дһ֣ʦ쾪ر䣬޾׵ƲзӶ
쳹ءؼıҲХ񺿣ƺҲΪ𺳡
ô£ڻʱΪʲôôͰˣ
ͬʱʦİմӴ̽ͷͷڵգԼģһ׵磬Ŀг˾塣УѾʾİգʱҲ˷֮УĩհľһɲĲ


1291 شʷ¼
ղ̫ͬ£Ҳ̫ˣǴȻη죡

£ͬʱʦһ²¸Уһῡİ¹Ӵӷ̽ͷеͬɲ
쳣⵽ôһ£
ۿգ
յΪŴоԶĵ伮أ亱һηʱѾһǧǰŵļУǺ۽Ӽ桰ټң֮ʱν˸Ӧ˼䷢ޱ֮ʱرӦ
ʹ֮У籩꣬ǵأڻʹ룬һ̫೤Բ󣬷·һ㣬գĿ͸˿˿ǡ
󣬿²
ʿֳָͻȻһƬڵգԼϷһһҵüͷǡ
ȥɣԪһض֮󣬷ңش䣬ضʢ֮Ļǣ
ʱһЦ֮ĴдǴ֮УԭϸܵĿԲڶʱȴ˷ޱȣ͸һѹֲסϲá
ʱ˿̣ǵĪھ鷿ĳԪˡ
ô£
鷿⣬ԪͷͷһĻıɫھʦô꣬ױΣȴûмġֹˣر仯ɲǣ˷оһӴѹͻȻ鷿б
ָоͺһֻ΢Сϣƴһ㣬̲סһĤݺͿ־塣Ǳܵģ˸оͻȻ֮ĳֱȻϵ
쿴
ͻȻ֮䣬ԪָϷڵ
˳ųԪָķֻĺɫڳ׵ܲҸۡϿգ鷿λãзƾȻֳһ޴Уϸȥо籩һе׵綼·Ǵŷȥġ
ɲǼ䣬Ԫ࿴һۣӶԷпľȡ
Ʈҡܲʱ˿̣鷿֮УȴѾȻңȫһУдǿȨֺû˿ԥдȥ
ʷϣĹҹͬһ޴Ĵ֣д־зں֮пĭвʳ֮飬Թ׷ӣ׷Թ׽ǡСﱻǿʳǿʳʤ̭Ĵַֻǿ߲Ƭ֡
һƬɽͷϵޣԴޣӳֻһͷϻһͷϻʳﲻִܹƽ棬ôҪͬʱټΣա˵һɽݶ
ˣˡ֮Уվʤܵģ͡Сֻܱϣ淨򡣴ӹĪǡǿص¡ĩǿκκ𣡡
𱱵ū塣زǿ²ڣԭ𣻺뱱࿹ͬԺʦ֮ǿ֮塣н֮ǿʢ೼֪֮ǿǴ塣
ǿߴ棬Ƕ¶ǳ׹ɸ棡
ӹ񣬲С棬ǿġغ棬ĩǿĺʹ¹֮սǿش棬񳯱Ƕ˷ǡ
ǳ⣬¹Բݣ֮ԣĻĵң֮ԣþΥ֮ȴԳ壬Գ˶㣬ȥצϣķƽս˵оǻнȻнֻ˥ķǿȺϷ֣ʱݣƹϽ⣬Ϳ̿ٲһ죬֮ӣ
ԹŹ۽սƽƽ棬Эƽƽ
Ҫð̫ƽ֮ҵַ֮£ǿǿ֮֮

ıԽдԽ죬һҳҳÿдһű黻һҳƽķǣΪ˵˼ãȫ˱¡¡¡׵罻ӣԽԽңѾȫ
Ƶľʦڵ֮лſһҹ
鷿ҲǷҳ졣ͷ鰸ͣ׺
ذҪūۣҪ̫ƽͱ벻ͣǿԼͱסǿȨΨһ򣡡
֪˶ãдһ֣ڳһҹɫͷ籩Ҳ֮ɢȥһƽϢ±ʣһرʼܣαϣһ͸һƣ
̶̵һҹľе֮κһսҪе㲡ǧеķǣ˿̶Ѿȫڱ¡Ȼ֪һлԶûнһֽϼصһԶԶԽʱ˼룬Ϊ󡱡ϡ磬Ȼһĳ
ԶĻҪпᣬ˲ԼҲô
ҩڡ岻֪ԼôûЧҲ֪ʲôӰ졣Σ嶼Ҫԣϣһԣ
¡¡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ʵɲǣԺͬһʱ䣬鷿йӰһϤ纣㣬ӿıԴ֮
¼дĶʷ޴Ӱ죬Ӱ췶Χ磬мĿܣʹ糹δ֪ĵ·̺ž޴ķգҲܴ޴ջ޷жյӰ졣
ӽпǣе˼ָһ棬ø¼Ӱ㡣ҲԿǽֿʱӰ칫ֵ֮ĹɴƵľ޴仯Լľ޴ɣԼʧȫԤϣ˼
Ƿĸȫ֮ڡ

ʯ䣬һ󴮵Ϣٲ㣬ԺкХ¡ʱͬһ֮ʯУ͸һǰδеء
屳αϣһԺд˷ͬʱ鷿ҲǹӰƺ˼仯
һĸ壬Ȼ֮ʯ˸ߵۣһʼûϵġʲôӰ죬֮ʯ޷ж岢ûԥ̫ã˾
ȷ
߲ͣǾµɲǣ¡¡ؼ䶸Ȼһըض·һɲ˺ˡ
ˣ
һ̣֮ʯٴԺ
ش¼ǿȨ¼ʷɼ޴Ӱ졣ڸ¼ԶԶԽʷϷκ¼ʽʮ㽱Ȼڸ˼ԶԶԽʱʶ룬ҸֵķʹʷƫԭĹ켣Ӹĸ巢֮⵽֮شųͷɡ
رѣӸַ֮ÿʱÿĴ㣬Ժͱ֮⡣ӱķ̶ȶеĹ⣬Ҳһֱ¼׽˼뱻糹׽ܣ



1292 £һ
ǰȫûϵġ֮սôѾܾûÿֻҪ㹻㣬ûκεӰ죬¼Ȼ̫һ
ûеȵ˼һ̣Ŵ򿪣ǡԪѦǧ˷׷ӿ˽˸һڷɨһۣܿ䵽ϡڣд˶ãǾվ˶ãÿһжǲ
үôˣ
һ壬ǵǡɫ԰ףݣ˿һȦܿǳƣһ˫۾ȴǾޱȡԽˣȴԽġ
û˵ֻǰ˰֣
ԪѦǧǣһ飬ϵЩĸȥҪٶȽЩŰ桢ӡˢװɲᣬȻҵ壬۹С֮ڣҪʦݸڣÿطԿⱾ飡
˵һָָϺһֽ
һɲǣ鷿һƬž˵Ŀۼһֽϡ
ǴӸս鷿һɲǣע⵽ǰһֽֽϣּīδɡ
˭Ҳ֪嵽дʲôÿ˶֪ķ죬֣ضһ򵥡
ǣ
˹Ӧǰһֽ뿪ˡȻ˶֪̤һһֽ׸ıƣܱй

һıܿȥףʦҲѸٻָƽ鷿дʱ󣬶ھʦİ˵ҲֻǾˮ£ûж̫Ӱ졣ֻ˶һ̸ʶѣʦ֮Уеİ˿ûм١
̡֣
ʦҵ̵Ӻպഫһ֣ķ򸾴֮ڣഫҲʮʷƤںơھʦУĹ˿һʱ·̣ҲҪһҵӡ
峿̣ڣ磬ſھۼĹ˿͡
ϰ壬ӣ
ͻȻһһʮҵʿӰ뿿λڵһ˵ţһߴӻųöͭǮλϡ
ţһ˰ӻҪȥ¥𣿡
λ󣬰ϰһŰӣһߴкȻʿǳϤ
Ǻǣǰ
ʿһĲɴţһŤͷһԵ̡
Ӫ̵һʮ꣬Ƴ̣ÿ峿ᵽ鼮ƺܱйͬĻΧŨ񣬲ֹʿһѰİҲϲ鼮ߵأߴҡ
ʿ̺һڣÿҪûʲô³鼮һ֣ؼңϸġʿѾܾûзֹˡ
ţ
ͻȻ֮䣬ʿüͷһע⵽̵λϣȻһ顣
ǿȨֵ֣
ʿа죬ʮͶ飬鼮Ѿжʮ꣬ǧٹ֣ûġҴӱϣҲȫ˵ʲô
Ȿĸоصκһķ񶼽Ȼͬ
ƹʲô飿ôǰûλ𣿡
ʿڵ
ԭţǵǣһ飬Ÿո͹ģдⱾҲպǴƵ˵ŻѪдⱾ飬׼̵֮ʱһԼء
Цݿ
ʲô
̵Ļʿһ˫͵
˵˳ᢣʤǧǴƵһսûĵҲô裬Ȼܹ顣
ʿȻ뿪ץǱ飬ĻϲķȻֻǴҴۣʿرɫ
ϰ壬ⱾǮ
ʮģҲ
ʶȻֻû˵ֻһʮöͭǮѸٶϣʿ飬˵ֱӾߡ
İӣ

⣡
²¸һ󼱴ٵĽŲ쳹ۡʱһŵӼҴҵ߽۵ķ䡣ȣȻŵȴ亹鿴䲻
ӣˡǱ߳һ飬ֽǺ䶯ʦмһ䲻
Ǻǣʱ㣬Ҳˣ뵽ķ˵𣿡
۵ȻһЦ˰֣У˿ΪǴƲþзս֮ǰѵӪѧõ飬ʱ䣬ԴеĻҲӦжˡ
ʲôŻĸеȡ
ӣǵģһ㿴ˣ
ϣ۵ĻŵӶͷϵ亹ˣԽĽǧȴֲ֪ȥֻͨ죬ԴһϹǱ飬˹ȥ
̯һֽӺīŵӵݹʱ۱벻⣬Ȼֻǿһۣ鼮ҳǼ򵥵֣۱৵һ£Ȼɫ
ùҿ
۵ɫȻ֣ޱȣ֧Ũī֭ëʱֽϣմȾһƬûע⵽

ŵнӹǱ飬ҳ۽ֻǿһۣ˶ʱػϵѪɫʱʵøɸɾûгʼ򶨡ݡš
ܣԲܣ
Ȿ飬ۻɫԽԽףƽһΣ۷ҡһɲǣŵŵӣΪʲô˻ң˲һô򵥡Ȿ˶źҵĸ

¡
ۻţֻǳе̫ʦԼˣ˭û뵽ķ˵İң˵Ŀֲ
ӺɺٻأѾȥеıȨ֮Уӡָ̫ʦټۣѾȫ¢˳٣˱ΪͣҲƲʲôꡣȻ˭Ҳû뵽ûбȨ֣ûдȨգ㷢ķȴκαȨͳȨ޷ﵽġ
ΪĹֱָģ
ǿȨǿʳۣҴƵںεأ
ʦһһ忴еţֱ
ˣǳˣҷ۵ˣӦñ
һطһԸңʦĴ壬Ȿһϣŭɶ
һȻ˵ֱۣ磡
һطжĴۼһһŭȡ

ȻҲᾩķӦǿȨھȫ淢еʱɵĺ䶯ͳ˶ġǧʷû佫ĵ鼮رⱾϵĻ֣ھЧ˶󲻵ġ


1293 £
峿ʱϻֻȼ飬Ȼ̶ʱڣӵٱǧһԾ˵ٶӡȵʱ֮ѾֹǾʦˣʦ֮ľݸ˺䶯۹ܶμеڣ˵Ȿ󣬶׷׷УһϸϸĶ
죬졭籩ԽԽңݱ˲Ƶһ޴籩ǿȨǿʳʤַ̭򡱡սƽƽ棬Эƽƽߣ֮Щӱۣǰδ˶ĿһµͬʱҲһ־޴˼
ݵʷϣûκһ飬һһѪľֵķʽ¶֮Ĺϵҽķһֳķʽչǰһǵ˶
ʦУӿȣԽԽ෴սƽʾһ˲ͺһˮ£侲ࡣ

¤ǡ
Ѭǣ鲼սۼĳǽϣ溲ȫףֶⱾٶȴӾʦġǿȨЦ˷ޱȡССһᣬڸ溲Уֱ
飬飡СӣȻûп㣡ǧۣɣȲֵһ顣˵粻֮࣬ʤʦǰţڣˣ
溲Ŀ¶⣬üյʱһɨաų֣ãѹƱҵڣ˵õϢ
Ӵƣ㣬ӣ
溲ĴЦƮԶԶ

ããã壡ȻʶǸˣҾ֪ݱ̶ֳȣβܵġ
һ࣬ңԶİ֥дӾʦӱޣҹ͹ġǿȨ˷ܲѡ©ƫҹꡱڵĴƣҲǸ֥еĸо̶һʱ䣬ݣ̫̫ˡ
Ǹֵ֥۹سҲܵһܵģЩطҲ޷
˧פءһ㣬֥ΪʲôҲˡ

Сӣʲô˵
һ࣬ңԶıͥ˼˳дϢԼǱǿȨ

СӣȻ֣
ңԶݴأثеϢЦһ˳ȥ
ʦǸСȷʵЩ⣬ثڵ˼
鵽ͽټ𣿡
ˣѾǣɺأ


ǿȨڴƴӡˢݵʱŸͬ˷ƽ
ǧף߸˹ظԭϣصģ֮УüͷһֱߣһǴƾʦĵһһǿȨⱾ͹ѾкܳһʱˣԴӵֵһ𣬴һüͷԽԽ
࣬ǣƱң˵ǧѷĻᣬдⱾ飬¶Ǽ䲻
һԱߴ˹ž¡ϵ󽫾վڴǡڵĴƾ統֮ģһκεķ紵ݶͻٶȴܱߵĸңÿ鶼ٶȴ˵ôˡ
࣬óѣ¶Ǽ䲻ѹƴƾӵľٶȫʧܣһƣݰ˵ɻǣʱ¶ǲв

˹غʹƼԹʤҲаܣ˵ֻһֻҪʮʱ䣬սܵʲô̶ȣ˹ضָܹԪֻҪܹȴô˹ڴϸܵͲҰܣδܰٱ֮ڴƣⱾ飬ȫͬ
ڴƵľ޴Ӱ죬ɹƶɻ֮ǲ˹ĩա
ڴӰΣ
ͻȻڵ
ֽ󣡡
ֻ˵˰˸֣ⱾӰԤеĻҪö࣬Ҳеǵԭ
Ѿʲô޷ı䣬ֻ취ӰС
ɫƽȴһ˿պеĲȻΪֹûкչ棬һֵĽУѾܵλвʣǸǿĶ֡
֪ͨˣ뾡һа취κδۣȫȥչⱾ顣Ҫ׵Ȿǲܵģǿþٵ˿Ȿ顣⣬֪ۣͨΪǸеǲһƽȸеΪ취顣
꿪ڵ
ʲô׶ԸĽɫҪԸֻǡ

һֻֻӥ˷ңԶɽϣǿȨ϶̶֣ɽ˵ĺ䶯
쵰ô飡
һʨŭɽ޴ĽɫУһľ죬Ķͬڣȫɳ޿ɺ͵һɨɳȥ
ڣɳ޿ɺ˫ĿԲżһ˹֮սһ֮ʮʮԼĶ֡رǽǳɺ֮սʳǰǰսﵽ˰֮ޣײĴʳսС
ɳ޿ɺͻʺǿޱȣҲûдﵽʹʳ۹Ტ۵ĵزʳǴƵĶ֣ܱ߻˭ΪУ
һսɳ޿ɺеţǸڣɵޱȡѾֻǼɵˣĳ̶ֳ˵ǿ־塣ͻʺܹ֮ô͸һ¾þɳ޿ɺеֿ־幦û
ƵǸŵʲô֪֪ⱾڴƳ״˶˼룬ʲô
ɳ޿ɺ˶޷ˡⱾĸоȰʦҪֲû˱ⱾĿ£ĺˮޡ
ͻʺǶͻʺܹ֮ʷľ󲿷ʱڣѹס˿ʮԼƻ壬ھ󲿷ֵʱֻܱһһǵƣڱ֧穣ΪͻԣԻ˵ԡ
òԭһλǿ˵Ļ˵Լųԡ
ǳ쾭壬˽˼룬Ȿϵ˼룬ôպͻҪԵľͲһֻ򣬶һͷԼͬͣµǣ
ɳ޿ɺ־ġ
ڣеŮȫŵɪɪΨһܱƽҲֻкˮʧˡǰǱССᣬ˵ɫͬޱȡ


1294 £
ʣλɹˣô¾Ͳһսʤô򵥣ǽǧ꣬ʱһȫԱǿۣҾ߱ҰĵĴƣܱйȵجΡ
£ڲǿʱ򣬿ޣ˸ܼӴƾʦĶŪãСӵ˼ҪǱƽܣ¾һսˣ
ʧͻȻڵĿ⿴һͻʵĺ
ǣˣ
ߵתѸȥ
Ŷȥиȫ䱸ʱս׼
ʧѣɳ޿ɺҲعɽ·Զڴƾʦз飬ͻʸΪֻ׼ľͿķչˡ

߾ɡϵگƾʦзЩ۹о˻ֺ̿Ͳ

Ҳ̸ķӦǱǿȨʦһҩͰȻȼӰ죬ԤĻҪöࡣƾӰ죬Ȿ˴ӳõ˵ע⡣
ԭзл˲䰲࣬ÿ¥ݵⱾˡ
Դݻ˵壬ȴ޷ݻ˵ڹ֮䣬ޱߵĺڰɭУʶҪֻ·һ
ʦһ¥һеڡǿȨһҳд仰ע⡣
Ȿľ˵ļۣһ˼֮һڿʼļǿҵķս֮ͻȻ֮侲¶˷˼ɫ
ƽûдȴûôףҪܴĴۺŬ˵ģֻά֮׵ĺƽ
ӽ߬еͺıһô飬ûһܸصĸоĸ
ͬʱͬھʦÿһ䡣ǿȨ򵥵֣һѸٵϯɢݡ
ǣ˷ʡӰԶзսһҹ֮ȫƽϢˣƽ֮£һİȴӿš
ֱ̫ˣֻһѣѧû˿ѧ˵˭ĵӣȻǧĿѧ
ѧ˵һѧ˵һݱǧꡣӰ
峣ӣ֮֮һж֮棬ǻɺͳ

ʦһѧ֮УʮۼһһŭޱȣǱе˼룬ھǴԽԽ㣬µѧһΪȴһЩǿʳа˵ֱܴ衣
ѾڸԵѧս˺üŽ
ϱѧڣһҪֹչȥ
ڣһ壬͵سվ鼤
ϳǱѧѧͬ鲻ڸеϢѩɳȫ㼯һط͵˳²¸С
ʱ˿̣²¸Ĵ֮Уд˵μҾȫ˳ȥ
룬ϥΧһѶѸش塢ż㡣
Щż㼸һɫĵǱǿȨÿһżж̺ǿҵķŭ۵ĵģЩż͸¶Ϣ
Ȿ˼һ㣬⴫ӰķΧԽԽ
ΣҪֹ
۵ûпʼʱ緢ֻǡһ־
һڣΪһ׼ţֹؼʱΣ۶κƻ
ʲôˣ˭ҪôĴС

΢ǰҳ׷׾ϸȥЩҳȫ˴мϹġǿȨһΧһΣΧġ
壬ҵģ
̧ͷǰĿ¶һĹâһɲǣƽѧԼбУץһԵëʣصǰֽϣд֡˵
Хһɷ籩ڵ²ΪģѸϯɢʦ
巢ˡǿȨ֮һ籩ڿʼˡ
ʦעƽġǿȨ֮鼮˵Ѹ쫷ٶɢơߣȻǴƺպ粻֮ʹôܱþ²ۡ
ѧ˵ġǿȨΪģֵġǿȨһ²£һϲ£Ϊº֮ͣĳͻִѸ˺䶯
ϰ壬һ
ҲҪҲҪ
һʲôôûˣ

ʦĸǰˮΪ
һ֮ڣ˵ۡ͡ͳ׵ϣеӡˢӰӵ㣬ʦȫĲܶͶ뵽УҲȻ㲻˾ʦյҪ
һʷǰĴ籩Ҫ֮ǰĵȻûκ˵˶֪۴ңǱңһǿȨֵĲ˱ҵвʴŭҡ
۵ġ˵ۡ͡Ϊ˶ġ
˽ı󣬴ƣҺҵȫԵ潻棬һν棬пܾƣݵδÿһˣÿһŵһɼΣյζ
ɽ¥ƿҪˣ
һ޴ۡУһҼһšǿȨһš˵ۣĿ͸ĵǡھʦзЩͻЩҴ嶼оһɿ־սһΣѵĸовǵԨǵ³
֪ǣ壬˾ηǿȨ޻к죡

ʦһѧ֮УʮۼһһŭޱȣǱе˼룬ھǴԽԽ㣬µѧһΪȴһЩǿʳа˵ֱܴ衣
ѾڸԵѧս˺üŽ
ϱѧڣһҪֹչȥ
ڣһ壬͵سվ鼤
ϳǱѧѧͬ鲻ڸеϢѩɳȫ㼯һط²¸
ʱ˿̣²¸Ĵ֮Уд˵μҾȫ˳ȥ


1295 £ģ
һ֮ǰɺҲͰˣһζҪһѣ
佫һж׾ԣԣǱһֱѹƣһѵ˵ΪҷǶҪ취֧ҲǰԼ
¥˫ĿԣڶԷпͬľġӹܹ˵ıʵ̫̫٣У̸۵Ҳǹڱģ佫˻ῴ
ڡǿʳʤַ̭򡱡ڰɭ֡ЩǴӲ
ʷ佫ս񣬾񣬶ַʽҵ˼뾫裬֮֮Ĳͨİնܹܡ
Ѿ˵ֻۡ͡ǿʼ»ижһҪ취ѧ˵ģɢ󣡡
ţ

˻࿴һۣϵһƱƬ֮󣬺ܿ뿪˾¥


ʦ֮Уÿʱÿ̶Ÿ롢ӥȸ˷ȥ۵ġ˵ۡ˼ھʦ֮мҵײⳡ籩˷ܱйĹע
˹ءͻʺ߾گɡʳ綼ڹעĵⳡ˼ײ
Ƶⳡ籩ѾֻǹϵԼϵǸ߾۹ܱеĹȡɹʹԭȥһƽ취Ƶ̣۵ġ˵ۡ͡ٶȣ˵ļ۸񣬵ÿһ˵СҪеˣԱӡˢɱ͵ļ۸飡
һսǸġǿȨʤ߾۹֮󣬲Ҫ˵Ӵˣ۹ٲ֮أ
վڱɳǸ߸ߵĳǽϣѵսκǿߵĸ߾ʵԨģԶһԭǰδеءμӹٵսثֶкܶΡ
ǰܹĴ
ȻκһսȲϴƶǳ˼籩о˵ķաĵɱ죬
գ
Ԩĵ̶̼ʱһ֧˵Ķ飬ĿӴĻƽĵ뿪߾۹Ȼһثİ裬߾Ҫͨܡ
ǻһ·šˮ·趼ǳҪ˳磬г̿Ļܿƹޣִ½

ͬʱңԶ˹ظԭХһֻ޴ͺգХŴз£֮С
ǱߡжˣҪԸˣվˣ
еż㣬΢΢һ
߶ͻǱߣϷҪˣ֪ͨǡ֪ƣ˵ʼʹ֮вܹɹҽӰСô˹ءͻʣǴƵѣʳԸƣһԿʳ
࣬Ҫʹƽ𣿡
£һ¼佫ڵסˡ
ߣ
û˵ֻƳһ佫߻һɫ΢ף׹װͷܱʼ顣
ҪԿǸҲֻܿǸСţ׸ô
˵գһܿ뿪˴

һߣƾʦ
ŸɹҸۡĸǽ뵽Ժ䡣飬ҲƬʱ䣬ǣ𼱻ǣҴҵܽ巿С
˲ˣ
ŵǸд飬һ˵һۡרǡʦȺ鼤ܣеǡ

ɫͨ죬ǲ
ǱǿȨھʦĺ䶯еĻҪֵۣĴ̼еĴ塢壬Ҳǵļҷԡ
Ĵ壬Ѿĺ塢壬Чۣд塣ڵľʦѾΪʸ֮ģķ籩ڳҺϯ˼ȵĵĺͲ
ڿ𣬻ǡӹûһһҡǹʷκ˶֮ǲòģ
֪ˣ
һ˶һƽޱȡ̺һĪΰһӾͰ˿壬סˡ
ĳ綼Ǳߣ⣡
嵭ëʣֻֽֽƬ̵ʱ䣬д󼸸֣еëֶ˱ʼܣ
ȻдˡǿȨⱾսۡҲһˡǰһ£Ȿ龡츶
ϣʮֽһû֮ǰġǿȨô񣬵Ҳ
ǣү
ȫͷӦ
š
˵ͷⱾսۡݡǿȨСĹϵһ·ġսֶΡսĿġһ顣ɺһսӴʳҪʮƽٹ𶯡
ӱʽǰǴδйģ֥ܵ˼ĳ
ռԷأɱ˴Ķ̸֣квܻþ޴棬ʹþٹ档е佫Ϊ֮Ŀһ£
սΪ˹ģһ򵥵ĵʱ磬׵ȴࡣǸʱ򣬾뷨Ҫдһ飬ıʱս˼롣
Ⲩ˳һд˳
⣬ǣ׼Ķ׼ôˣ
屳֣վ
үȻһʱ䣬үҪҵĶѾȫҵⷽ棬²ó¹ӳܴ󣡡
ȵ
šʵʤ۱棡סˣǵĶֲңµġ˵һǧһ򣬶ԶԶĿãʼжɣ
Ŀ͸Ĵţ޾գһɲǣĿޱȡ
ž
źһ㣬žһ˦ӷ뿪תһ䷿ģŴգûһâֻһµӥվĬĬĵȴš
ô
忪ʵ
үĻͺķǱ߳ɹգ⣬үķԸѾвʳˡѴ˵Ļݸǣʳ׷ţôڶκɺ֮սܿͻᷢ
ʳ˶үǷǳ˼ɣ׷ĲȻǳʣǻǳˡ⣬պɽڰ·óǡҲǰ࣡
ӥڵ
Ǵ˹ءһҹϹġӥò
ܺã
⻰峤һ
ôҲǲеĴˣ
Ӿʦɺ·;ңԶܾˣɺһֱڹעǧպɽԼҵǧоȻҲûܸıɺˣҲɹʱʱϵ˰ͺķԼȰİͺķսԵתơ
ʹƾڴʳ۹ĿֲҲзشãǧȫװﻢʳ˲ò׷ɱͺķˡ


1296 ķ
һߣƾʦ
ŸɹҸۡĸǽ뵽Ժ䡣飬ҲƬʱ䣬ǣ𼱻ǣҴҵܽ巿С
˲ˣ
ŵǸд飬һ˵һۡרǡʦȺ鼤ܣеǡ

ɫͨ죬ǲ
ǱǿȨھʦĺ䶯еĻҪֵۣĴ̼еĴ塢壬Ҳǵļҷԡ
Ĵ壬Ѿĺ塢壬Чۣд塣ڵľʦѾΪʸ֮ģķ籩ڳҺϯ˼ȵĵĺͲ
ڿ𣬻ǡӹûһһҡǹʷκ˶֮ǲòģ
֪ˣ
һ˶һƽޱȡ̺һĪΰһӾͰ˿壬סˡ
ĳ綼Ǳߣ⣡
嵭ëʣֻֽֽƬ̵ʱ䣬д󼸸֣еëֶ˱ʼܣ
ȻдˡǿȨⱾսۡҲһˡǰһ£Ȿ龡츶
ϣʮֽһû֮ǰġǿȨô񣬵Ҳ
ǣү
ȫͷӦ
š
˵ͷⱾսۡݡǿȨСĹϵһ·ġսֶΡսĿġһ顣ɺһսӴʳҪʮƽٹ𶯡
ӱʽǰǴδйģ֥ܵ˼ĳ
ռԷأɱ˴Ķ̸֣квܻþ޴棬ʹþٹ档е佫Ϊ֮Ŀһ£
սΪ˹ģһ򵥵ĵʱ磬׵ȴࡣǸʱ򣬾뷨Ҫдһ飬ıʱս˼롣
Ⲩ˳һд˳
⣬ǣ׼Ķ׼ôˣ
屳֣վ
үȻһʱ䣬үҪҵĶѾȫҵⷽ棬²ó¹ӳܴ󣡡
ȵ
šʵʤ۱棡סˣǵĶֲңµġ˵һǧһ򣬶ԶԶĿãʼжɣ
Ŀ͸Ĵţ޾գһɲǣĿޱȡ
ž
źһ㣬žһ˦ӷ뿪תһ䷿ģŴգûһâֻһµӥվĬĬĵȴš
ô
忪ʵ
үĻͺķǱ߳ɹգ⣬үķԸѾвʳˡѴ˵Ļݸǣʳ׷ţôڶκɺ֮սܿͻᷢ
ʳ˶үǷǳ˼ɣ׷ĲȻǳʣǻǳˡ⣬պɽڰ·óǡҲǰ࣡
ӥڵ
Ǵ˹ءһҹϹġӥò
ܺã
⻰峤һ
ôҲǲеĴˣ
Ӿʦɺ·;ңԶܾˣɺһֱڹעǧպɽԼҵǧоȻҲûܸıɺˣҲɹʱʱϵ˰ͺķԼȰİͺķսԵתơ
ʹƾڴʳ۹ĿֲҲзشãǧȫװﻢʳ˲ò׷ɱͺķˡ
ѰͺķתƵ˹ظԭıȱڵĸ֮ʱ١˹رѾûʲôˣҲƾ֮ס⣬֪֥ͨǱߣ˹شٳʱ֧Ԯ

ⳡս֮ö԰ͺķ˲ȫֻҪǴƾڣ͢ǲʱԲ֡Ψ˹ظԭȱڣʱ֮ڷʲô⡣
ֻǣǱ߲ô죿ǱѾüΣҪȱڻ˹ˣ
ӥĬƬ̺Щǵ
ǺǣɲˣʮƽѾʳѵҪȱҲҪ˹ûȫ˴ʳңȱǱѾǳ͢Ҫ֮أŹǱҲ״Ӧ⣬ѾñǱˡ
ƽ
ŲֵķΧѾԽԽԽԽԶΪ˱ֺ˹صĺƽϵǱڵȱڵǼǵġ֮ǡҲĿꡣֻȱڱϾǴ½ʡǱߵڶûȷȱƵ۹İͼƳ
򵥵˵ȱѾһܵشҲɳ֮
ǱѾ˺üΣȱڻ˹أȫñǱϣ¸á
ˣ
ӥ
һ顭
֮һƬžڰУͻȻڵӹһĨ˵Ĺâ
ȥһĶʮ˾ȱڣ¤͵ȥѾźˣպɽ󽫾ڶǱѾȫͨǶһ˴⣡

仰ӥȻһ
ү뽫ǵһӦ֮ء
Ȼûϸ˵ӥȴǱܵĸ֡Ӧ֮ءӥ֪ҲǷǳżȻĻᣬûи֣Ҳûϸ˵һϵ֪ģҲֻıӥҲֻ֪Ӧ֮ءָ޾һص½أع֣ˣҼȴƵ½С
Ƭ½شӹԽ񣬳õʱȻһֱһƬ֮أ
ֱ˼飡
Ҫ֪ܱߣκһƬأ飬ϸСҲһŸֲ䣬ռ졣ôһƬ½أȻûȻֱ췽ҹ̷ˣֻᵱЦ̷
ӥȴ֪֮ǰıѾָʾɹҵƬӦ֮ء

ЩͷԺһţӥܿͷص


ӥҸۡ뿪ʱһط²¸һֻŸӿз£ܿһŵֽסֻǿһۣżҴҵڵķ䡣
ӣǱ㴫Ϣ
߽۵ķ䣬ŵӹĽеżϡ

ϥһϼٵ趯ͷҲ̧


1297 Ŀ
ǣ
ŵӵŷ⣬Ѹ
鴫ϢǷһԻһͷǣµԸġ
Ŷ
۵ëһ٣üͷʱ
ʲôʱ飿
ǰͷǱװţѾ͵˾ʦרſء
ŵӹ
۷ëʣжʱ¶֣صɫ֮ҵʱ򣬶Ϊⳡ籩ģһһܵߵܹעߵЩţҲŵصעǣѦǧЩǱ߶꾡ϣһ㲻ǣǣһС¡
˵ǳɣǹһͷǻǻòԳر빫ָʾ
µŵӳ
û˵΢΢̧ͷ¶˼ɫ
ԣǴַ𣿡
Ŀޱȡ
ġǿȨھʦ÷зϡΪ˶Ը壬˴ġǿȨҲ˶еָƣַ򡱾ļ֮һ
ǣǳǶķ쾭壬ʱһͷĿѾ֪
ҼѱʦҪŪͷŪͷǣŪͷ򣬲ǻеĶһ֮󣬶гסˣֻҪǱ߷ųͷǣǾЩѱʦЩǹؽһӣȫųǣǲ򣬵ʱҿкλ˵
۳֮غͬرǴʳ֧ȹЩѱʦԽ֮ѱķ򡢹֮͵ߣҲԲԡ
˵ַȻ֮ʱ򣬱Ȼ޻˵
ǣ
µŵܿתȥ
ֻǶ̶ʱڣңµˣȫŵصע󡣱֮ͬСɣǹؼʱ̡һҴ⡣

ҲǱߵĶǰʱ䣬֣ʦ֮һ
䣡
һصĺ£ʮ֪ʱͻȻ֣ͬʱʩʼһ̨ӡ̨ӻδɣ䣬һ޴ӲԱߣ鼸֡󣬺䣬һ¡һβͬɫɷ裬д˼֡ǿȨڷԴ衣

⼸һ֣˷һƬȻİշ׷׷ӿ
һãҿҿ
ȺһƬ֡ǰûڵľʦƾݸûв֪ǿȨ⼸ֵġر۵ġ˵̨֮ۡ͡ⳡ籩˲֪˵ע⡣
Ȼұϲ˵˽£ʦȨǶڽŵĹעĽչ

Ǳжˣ
ߣϲŸողһ׮ӣһӵ۶ȥϢ²¸
ڿʼ𣿡
˫΢УĴӴվʱڣֻҪǺ͡ǿȨմϱߣûС¡
ڶѾôĿŵ𣿺ߣ׼һ£ҵҪʲô
һ䣬һãżʧ˴֮С

֣Ϊʦļ֮һ۴αȣ־¥¥ݣʤһװ޵ĶǵڻԻֺͣޱȡʦУպյĹ¥Ҳϡ
飡
һֻѥӶȻż䵽˹¥ż֮У˲Ÿոճ֣һСӭ
͹٣ʵǲ˼Ѿˣ
Ҳ𣿡
˿۴䣬ͻȻ
Բʵǡ
Сտʼһ̧ͷǰӰɫһףıɫĻҲ˵ȥˡǰ˲ǱˣȻǹ¥ˣҦҼҦ졣
ϣү
Сսսľ֡ײ̫үˣ˭뵽ԼҵүȻԳ
ȥɣ
Ҧ˰ӣ
ǣүСȥŷ䣡
Сɫţæȥ
Ҧڰ֣Ҳûкƽϣżһ·ͨ¥¥ݷȥ
ֻˣ
ǰϤľҦɫƽȴ΢΢һ¡֮ǳԽκεĴ¡һΣҦ뷨Ҫھʦ֧ԮġϾƺǳġ
ķݵҦүһֽֱӾͽҦͳ˾ʦ͵ңԶı֮ءүӵ˵֮ǵ֮أһСģΪʸ֮СҦǵĵҲͰˣǴң޲ͬʱ䡣
ҶϱңԶһۣ飬Ҳˡ뿪
α֮ؼʱرǡǿȨ͡˵ķӰ۷壬ټµ¼ܣ鱻Ϊܴ衣ˣܲˣȻǿнҦӱ߽˻Ҫѹ塣
ܻص˾ʦҦ컹㡾ԼүӵĻܲһЩ޹ʹ飬ȫ֧Եڶܹ⣬ûǣȥ
飡
̤϶¥ɲǼ䣬ʱһ޴˴Уͺһ磬̤һһҦ̧ȥ¥飬ȫǾʦҡȨһֻ΢һɨҦѾпüλеĹԱˡ
Ҧˣ
Ҧˣ
Ҧ¥һݣ׷׻ͷʺáձҦǰȻһȲһҲûôʢֻҪҦүڣҦҵӰ˭Աġ
š
Ҧ΢΢ףҲûмӣһһк¥й¥ǰһ·Ҧ쵥뵽һƾģ̨ӵķ֮СҦȥոߵԣסˡ
棬һ֣һ¥һϤӰԾ
̫
ǵϤӰҦ͵һ̫ǱߣѾһɫڵҦ컹˳
̫ǵʦƽʱٳڻʹĵطʥרΪڻʹ֮нһԺӡŮ飬߼飬Ȥ
ҦҲû뵽α֮Ȼλ̫Ҳ֮˳
ȻһлԶûпʼҦĿһתֿһӰͦһһ˴ǹһ
̫ٱã
ҦԽԽľݴﵽҦּԾ˲ࡣ̫̫ٱþСǰߵλߣ̫ʦ֮£ĳ̶ֳȣΪʵ۵ʦܻҪЩ
̫ٱã
һλǴսǼˣڵĵλº̫ʱľҲࡣڴƣһλ֮겻֪ľ¼죬׷Ҳ޷̫ٱʱȡ


1298 빷һ
˶׻ֵģ
ҦҲû뵽۱ⳡ֮Ҳ˹ĿɨȥɽԶʷԹκ»򡭡ȥԶԶ֪ٵسûڸ¥¥ƹ֮С
Ȼ˶û˵ʣ˶ڹע顣
У
׼ҦҲһԭӵϢΪԼǵִ߼ĹԱˣҦ֪Լˡһ棬ͰҰƶǣ˽ȥ
Ѿʲô֮һ֮һִܾܿŴ֮󼸰٣ǧĹˣֻܽͣΪʲôô˳

Ҳ¥ϵĶһ࣬飡һ࣬âһЩ̨Ӷ棬һƬɫۣ˪ѩˮż
ӣһжѾźˣ
۸һ֣ŵĵӳ֣㡣
žӪǧ꣬ٹ̣Ȼƽɽ¶ˮ⾩ʦ֮У൱ĲҵС
š
ɫƽ˵ͷľݶϣܿ¥ͱ˲ˮһ򻨣һ״յһ
۴һܿǰͶ㣬һɷȡ
ʼ𣿡
عӣǵĽһңӦþͲˡ
һ߹ӦϵīɫӡȻһˡ
۵˵ͷ˵

ϣû׮ڶһææµµֻʱʱ䣬̨ӾͿҪˡƾ֮ľʦԼڼҵھۼһĹЩ˵պЧʿ֪
䣡
һǴɣɲǼ䣬ͺ쫷ͻȻ֮һƬšӴȺ׷׳ͬһطȻûзκεһ¥ϣۡҦ졢̫ߡ̫ٱ÷׷׿˹ȥ
û˵Ȼÿ˵һɲǶ֣ޱȡ


ХʹıԵһ˾޴Ľɫ裬ȴûע⵽ʹıԵ߸ߵĳǽϣʱ˿ȴҲһϢӰ
Ǻǣһְȫ˵ϴ̨ӣʲô
һϮۣڳǽϸֶϹۡ΢Ϯ޽ǵķ˿衣ڳϺۣԼͬһⳡ֮ȴһֱԹۣۻ̬ȡ
ͳ͢ϵ鲻֮ͬⳡͻȻԵ۹ӰԶǶڳãڴӵĵλûκӰ졣ǡǡ෴Ϊ۹δĴӵǷǳڼ˼ϵΪ֤˶Ŭ۹Чҡ
ɱūˡ͢ϵ飬ūԴ⣡
һԱߴߣһθȴǳĽ̫๪̫Ŀѩ絶һ㣬Ψһ˫ƣУϸȥͻ֣ᷢ˫ںīޱȣǳΣգȻ˼
Ǻǣ
ֻһЦ󹬲ø¹ȻҲø̫࣬ӻǷǳΡΪ̫ǴСģӶǳΡ
ʼˣ
ͻȻӿǰһ仰˲ˣ̫ȫע⣬˷׷˹ȥ
ʹֻһξ룬ƾŸ߸ߵĻʹǽӾӸ£Ըʦ˵ˡȻò̫УҲܾ¥ۼ󳼣ȴĿ̨˵̽ʱԽǰر
֣ɴ
΢Ц

䣡
ֵģѾʦ֮ġ䣬ֻһ죬ȫ׵ľЮ£һ޴ӣú಼Χţ˸̨ġһɲǼ䣬𶯣˷žޱȡ
ھ¥Աܵƽգ̾޼֣еĿⶼ޴ϡ
ʲô
˷ʦİ쳤˲ӣ۾ҪɳҪ֪װĵʲô
Ϳʼ𣿡
¥ˣϸɲ豭һֳ׵ŷȡֻǿһ۶ĸ̨ϵӣۺܿջĿ⣺
׼һ£ֻҪǽҿᣲ֮ڣǵʱϳ
ףչӵķԸѾҵҪѱʦ֮ӦþͿԸϵʦⳡΣ
ŵӦš
Ȼ·;ңԶȴķţٶȣЩ˵ʦ
۵˵ͷ˵⣬̨ѾµĶ
գ
˵ĿУһɫŰ壬ЦľˣŸ̨ϵĽݣֱߵ˸̨ϵΧŲᣵԱߡУȻһĳ߳Ĺӡʱֶⲻ
һɲǼ䣬Ŀ˷׷ס˺
ৣ
˵ĿУǸĳ߳ĹȻһһ£˲佫ӱĲ᣸߸ɫĲ᣷ʱ䶼·ֹеľ¥еĲݣеӣеȺ׷˲ᣵ·
ֻ֪ˡ
Ȼһ̣᣽ҿɲǣ벻鷢ˡ

£һɵĹͻȻ˳
ʲô
һ
Ҫʲô

ĶԭһеȺһ㵡ộǴ̨ӣװţ˾ͷ˭Ҳû뵽ȻһĸңëףǳɰĹ
᣽ҿɲǣ嵽ӱߣ쳤ͷһӵդһ߻ſ̨µȺл
ɲǼ䣬ȺһƬȻ
εľٶͦ󣬸̨Աߣ˴죬һˡһˡǿȨ˶ΪҪỤ̄˽ԼĹ۵㣬û뵽̨װľһ
˶Щֲ
ô£Ӧͷ𣿡
ľ¥ŵӣĴ㵡һɲǣ΢΢üͷǵõǱһͷǣѾ͵˾ʦ
ǣֵȴǹŵ˷׷ײ첻ѡ
һɲǣֹţԣѶն׷üͷв˼⡣˭Ҳ֪«ʲôҩ
һ·񣬡Ȼпգҽǣ˴Ȳ
¥Ҧ쿴ʹлĹипѡ
뵱Ĺ¥¼ǸʱҦٻΪżȻϾһСӲôܹļƻڻعͷһзǾļĽﻹһ˿һɺϳɷ֡


1299 빷
΢֪뵱һʮ꣬ѾܹƵҦ죬ٶԱյĳɾͣҲͲˡ
ҦһֹǷڣûһ˱ȵϴӰ
һɲǣҦޱȡ
ҦҺҶһӣλүλʱ򣬻ǲµģĳЩʱԼλүڳϻҪռЩϷ硣ǵԼһǷһҦѾȫ·ˡ
ұȽϵʸ񣬶ѾûСҦβܡ
ҲҦǱߵĶգڲ᣽ҿɲǣһƥֱ̳ʹȥ
ʲô
ȤȤǱԽԽȤˣ
ʹƵĽɫǽϣһ㵣漴ɹЦһ˫ڣɲĽ̫ȫҲɫ΢漴Ŵ΢Ц
ʲôʱôӸ˵ģҲū˵ġ
壬ñ«ﵽʲôҩ
ãЦݣ͸һ˿ζЦݡ

Ȼеɻûг̫ãƬ֮ʿһһң̧һ޴˿̨䣬׹أƺʲôͣײŸդ
ৣߣһҵļʿץסᣵһǣ͵һƣڣ˵ľУֻһͷɫľǣݣļʿ۵⡣
ۣ
ϣһ˻С۵һʱŵÿ޳Ȼû˻عһֻ׵ֱۣ̽У˿ûͷӣһסĲӣ˳
ϣͬʱһʿϣһƿѺ飬ֻһգۣͷ׺ݵĻͶСڵС̣ʿޱ飬ɴ˿顣
Ȼ̨£ȴ˲һƬ

˶һĻסˡһЩ̲סͷҿ顣ͷǱֳײУ³֪ھʦİ˵ֳ滹ǹѪˡ
СҪ
һЩĸסԼҺӵ˫ۣŲһߡ
һ̣Ԥл̵СѪȳ沢ûзһԡĹ쳣졣ѭȥֻУΧŷŽǲͣؽлɫޱȣͷҲ˲е࣬ѱޱȣͷСëǳ׽
ֻǵı֣Ϊһ

һĻȺһƬȻ
ô£ͷǾȻûгԵ
ôܣһͷ𣿡

ΧеİնһĻסˡ׺ݣҰɽǣʮа˾ž͵֮¡
ǰһĻȫ
㲻˵ַǿʳǲԹǡ㲻ԼԼ֪ѰҵҪ㻹кλ˵
ʱһȺ𡣾뿴̨ʮಽĵطһʿָ鼤˲˵ע⡣
һΣִ̨ӵʱ򣬲ֹڶİգ˲ٵĴ塢塢ʿһΣ˱ע⣬ֻʲôȫ׳жͿʼֻû뵽㲻㣬ȻΪȴôһ
׺ݣȴԹⲻǡǡ˵ҵġۡ
λ޶ˣοأʲôǿȨȫһɺԡҶЩа˵ˣӵܣ
һʿת󣬴
ˣ
ȺһƬȻһͷӶ˽Ⱥ֮Уʮ˹ء߾ͻʣگļУһĻ¶һ˿ЦݣһһΣƵľʦ֪̽ӡ
ִ̨ӣȻҲЩĺˣļŷ׷׾£ĬĬעһС
Ͻһţر࣡ǱʱõˡǳģôԣӦǱѱ˳ˡι̫ǳԱˣȻ̹ʧ󣬵ȴɴһ
һҩ̵£һ˹صļͷĿ΢ͷһŶҡңǴƳĶ˹˵òȴò
ף
һ˹صļѹɤӣӦһѸٵת뿪תͬʱһӰҲͬʱתȥ漴ӥȸɢ˷

ӣǱߣ˸ˣ
ͬʱ̨ľ¥ϣһŵĸվ۵󣬿һĻɵЦһֻ
ʲôǻ̫߿ˡһΣʧˣ
һŵҲЦɵӶóʧˣǡгĳ棬ڡǿȨб˼ʮǧ׼ȷ˵ԯޡ
ԣԾ
˴ЦʱһͻȻУձյѩ续ʿһ㣬Ȼһ˫ʵĽüȴʱ
岻Ƿִܷ֮һʲô⣡
ȻǰһУŷǳ۽Ӵ塣һڵ֮󣬲׽ԼӰԼΧ¥Լˣܷ˵ͼĴ
ǰһС۶˵Ϊʲô᷸ɼĴ󡣺ʣѧ˵ȫǱ۵ġ
һ̣Ҳ㲻ף嵽Ҫʲô
ˣ
˼ʱһĸоӿһ˳ǹϢķ˹ȥֻһۣͫһ·һ˶ɫ
壡

۵ȴŵĵӷ۵Ŀ⣬˳߿˹ȥȻһۣ˱ʧ˾¥ڡǶŵ˵Ѿϳ˭
Ȼ
һϵڶ֣һۣ֪ʲôʱ۵ԡǼ¥ķ˸ΣյĹâź֮ˮĹϵѾûıҪˡ
Ҫ嶯˶ţ㶯
۵
ϲŸһڣ۾֪ʲôڵֲ֪˶ٸ֣սﶼ͵ǰУ˸ľ¥ϡʱԲ֮١
ңһɱʳսײˣ治ôöԸġ

۵۹Ⲣûд˶߸ߵĿ̨ʱһѵ˸ľ¥жصѡģȻ¥ҲԤˡ
׼𣿡
Х¥Ķ¥һչһſ̫ʦ︩£еһоࡣȺԼЩģʿܿ
ЩʿУʷ벻⡣


1300 빷
үһѾ׼׵ʱϳ
ȥɣ
˰ֵ
ܿӦȥ


ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬˲Ϣ䣬㾲˵ĿУһֲ£ϵһƥԻһͬ£˸̨һӰȥ
ˣ
Իһ֣˵ע⣬ԭзȺҲԭڷʿҲͣ׷׿˹ȥ
һʲô
ȱ𼱣˵
һʿŸ̨䡣¥ϣҦ졢̫̫ۡٱΧʦȨҲ׷׿˹
ʲô֣
ûһ̨£ȵ˲లǰԻڵ
´ң
Իͦأӳ
ɽ˶ꣿ
ٴε
ͻȻĶ԰ף˵עÿ˶ойֵֹġԻҰŵôŶԻȫô£
̨ϣֻԻЦЦŵ
ҼɽϵԻүүүүǱ𣬾Ѿɽˡ游ɽԣҲʮˡ
⹷𣿡
Աߵʵ
ǺǣǵģСͦ飬ɽʲôԶ
ΧѻȸԽˡЩѾоƺЩ̫һ
ȻԻΪʲôᵽ
仰˲佫˵еĿȫеԻϡ
ǺǣΪ˵ֻҪһش𼸸򵥵⣬ܴõһƽȻͿԻصɽɽԣһ궼׬ôࡣֻǻش𼸸ѣΪʲô
Իʵ
䣡
Իһ䣬̨¶ʱһƬȻ¥ϵ۶üͷƣԻˡȻ˼飬ǵô˵棬ݺ͵λ˵ôͼĻԡ
ȻⷴԽĿˡ
㣬ôģ
ޱ飬ǰԻٴε
ԻɽеԻͷ죬Ѿʮĸ䣬ԳȣҲֻԸ˲ôǰ٩٩̸޾ɫ
ǺǣȥɽдԴһͷĸǣ˳ĳѨҵ˼ͷӡģĸһûιЩӱɡʱĲ̣ͽЩӴؼţͬʱ顣ͷӣԹزֻۡʣһͷǡ￴ŻԺҲǸð֡
Ի
ΪʲôԹ
ٴε
ǳĸ̲ŻģǺСһͬƽԡ˯涼һôܻ
ˣˣˣҪһƽھдͻȥڿǴԵĺüڡ
һ⡣˵ǿȨ˭ǶԵģ
һ仰˶ԻĻش
·ϵʱ۹ƣ̸飬ǵ·Ͼ͸һССԻ֪ô⡣һȴ֪ģȻҴ˵жﶼޣǣǳԹǴַ򣬵鲻ǾԵġǣ;ԲԹٲͷ
ԻЦ
ȷ
仰Իһۣ⡣
Իոյϸ̨ʱԸоó˶ΪԻİֻ֪֡ǺԻû˵ʲôҲûʲôԼ֪ǸġеĻش𣬶룬ʵĴ𰸣ûܵκ˵ҡ
ү˵ЦˡҲͰˣɽеҰޣû˱ЩԻ˽ˡҿԴƱӾԲܳԹ
Իظһŵ
ˣ
Ⱥ˽һƬȻ˵ʼʱǽŽɵĻôڣ˶˳ԻҴɽҵͨԻ˫֮䲢ûдͨҪȻԻҲ˵ⷬٿı飬α
Ⱥ۷׷ףÿ˶Ϳˣ˵ɽԻģôˣһʲô˷һ¥ϣⷬԻҴȨ󣬶׷üͷ
ˡ׾«ʲôҩҲ֪ˡ˵һпգ뷨Դȣ
¥º¥Թ߰ףüͷ
ˣ˵ˣҲͿˡҪôɣԯޣԼԼ
ԱߣһʦȨ˭Ҳ˵

ӣǸô
̨ľ¥ϣһŵӣ۵ã
˰ɣѾûбҪһˡ
üͷ˻ֵ
ԻѾ˵쾡£һȺѱʦѾȫûбҪˡ
ˣ
۳Ƭ̣ͻȻ֣һλŵӣ
ɳ֣Ҫٶȣ鵽ԻϣǱߵôӴģԽԽãԽϸԽá
ǣ
ŵӺܿȥ
ӣǱڿǸǳ˸⡣
ǰͻȻڵ
ţ
۵˵ͷôһ֣֮ǰЩѾȫңȫû֮ˡ
ɼζסǣһж֪ͨңʱעķչ
۳
ף
ϵ˵ͷ
ϣҲڵʱ̡
ܺãոյĻҶˣģҲġȻô϶ǲԹǴġ˵үԸһƽ𣬶ˡҲ㸶ʲôĶصĵطɡһƽȻҲͺԵˡ

仰ԻرɫһƽûϵġȣҲûи
´ң˶ˣΪ֤ǱߣҲѾ֪ͨˣ֤˵ģһƽȫУ
һ˵ţһ߳˸ơ
¡һľмʿǰ̧һص䣬طŵ˸̨ϡµǿ̣ÿ˶е̨صĲһ¡
ˣ߰ɣ
˵仰˵ڿ̨¼ʿ֮ߡ
߰ɣ
ͬһʱ䣬ͬӾ¥վ뿪ⳡϷѾˡ
ϣܹװɣ
̾Ϣһ뿪˾¥
һ۹һһϦܸıģǧҲĿǰģܹС̶ȵĴۣİ취

ŵЧʱлҪĶ࣬ڵҹԻ´ҵϸϸȫͨɸ봫飬͵²¸


1301 빷ģ
ӣǵǸ´ӦľһͨԻǱľҲʹˣھӵĻӵĻ´ȷʵ֪ھʦҪʲôȫǳһƽȥġ취ҵһʱѺ˵ļʿûǰòõϢҲֻǸѺˣȫֹ̽ǸԻǣͷйĽӴ
ǵĵ飬ӦûֱӽӴԻʦʱҲסһ֮УԻлιǺ͹ּǲΪͨˡ߰飬൱ԽݣʵӦúǵ鵽һġ
֮ۡУһŰɫۣ·ȴһƬƬҶͼӹȻ߾ȫϵϢϼ侫â䣬޾ǳҫΪ²֮¡
񾵣
ŵ䣬ƹµĶĿϢ
û˵һ˫üͷȴ˽Խ࣬Խǿˡ
ʣǽԸʹһ˿һֶΣĻôζͬ飬¡
йעϷڼ䶯ֽš⣬ȻѾˣǾͺúӰ졣
۵
ǣ
񾵹һ񣬺ܿ˳ȥ˲ͬ񾵴ĸ۵ľֻںһ鱨Ϣ

ת۾һȥ̨˵ע⡣
໣
޴ĺǷͺ𣬶£Сҡβͣתתȥ࣬һͣצӲͣĸСʱͷϵë

СͻȻһԾ͵س˹ȥǾ޴ĻһС˵ڵأ﷢ͺ·һ㡣
䣡
ΧһĻȺЦȫһĻˡ
裬ǺÿɰҲһ
Ϲ˵ô
ĸ׵һºӣȴûжֵ˼⹷ֵӣĸ׵Ķˡ
ûУûУ
̨£ʮʿۼһһʿ˫֣ʧʱĳΧȺ
˵˺һǿʳǶˣڻ˵ֱһɺԣ
ѧ˵ѾƣҲҪˣֻкƽܴҸ
ʿ׷׸͡
󹷣
̨ϣԻ´ҹЦ˺һ⣬УԭڵϵĻڵϴ˸һԾ𣬷ס﷢󻶿Ľ̨£ҲɷЦˡǺгദĳ津ˡ
ҪƽҪս
̨£֪˭ɲǼ䣬˸Ŵ
գ
һĻһ̽ѸٷȺм۶ȥ
Ƕ岻
ԶԶأĸ֮ۡУӵ̽ӻر¶һ˿ǵɫֳ弫䲻ҪﵽĿȫǽȻ෴
£ҪҪȥ
һԣѧʿ¬֮͢ڵڵѧ˼̫֮Σˣ¬֮͢⣬̫
ˣ
ҡҡͷ
ʲôʱ嶼޵ķʸٵȵȿɡ
ʱһζת֮ǵڶ졣ȻˡǺгദĳ棬ÿһﶼ˴ȺۿǲԹȫǵ֪ʱȥԽԽϸڱ˳
ֻǱڳ¼ԼϵԱԽԽıͷǻԻԺլտСʱ˶󾪺
øϽˣ
עĽһӰ磬ܿʧ
ˣ
鷿Ԫĵǣ
Һа˳ϵֹͣǵ鼮ǰڵȫ׷ˣ
ԪϵĽԱһǿȨд˺佫ûнܣٴڶ佫ĽǶǾԲдġȥеϾ͸ˣóԪβż
ǲҪֽţһȫˡϽκ˿ͷǺ͹
ȥɣ
ڵϣͷĬĬϢһƺûʲôܹľ
һҶаţȵ֮һз
Ԫ̾ϢһӦȥ

ת֮ǵ죬еİնһһԽԽϤ˸ȡ֣ʦеҴ嶼ѾתעʣǰһĻһͷβ˱ΪʲôУȻ˶ʧˡ
ʦҴ֮⣬Ѿ˹עˡ
¡
˵ʱֻһ죬ɲǼ䣬ܲգ֮꣬ưö¡
ڿ̨ϣ죬ֻգۼ䣬ܼ꣬ؼеһжģ
̨ϵһһǣһˣ̨ͬĹڣһˮʪ͸
飡
ʱһֻص̤˿̨̨ףʧʿĻ£ٴε˿̨ɫϿ˿顣
һӮˣүԳؼһƽˡ
վڿ̨ϣһ䣬Աߴһơһ˴˾޴䣬¶飬ѵһƽ
У
һĻԻ͵һ˶סˣʦʱֻ֪׬һƽ𣬸û뵽ô׾͵õһƽ𣬶һɽеԻ˵ֱһʾ޴ĲƸ
⣬ⲻΰɣ
´߹ȥһ㡣
´ң㲻Σ֮ǰԼд¹ȷɡ
һڶδ䣬һųĴ¹ԱϿ̨һ˵һһ˳ʾһŰֵֽԼ裬Ǵ¹Աֻһ£еԼ𣬵ݸ´ҡ
ϲ㣡
̫̫ˣ
ӣ´Ҿϲѣһ˾ʦ֮УȻܹջôƽһӶġ
䣡
һĻ̨µľʦղɵķһɽѰĻ˶׷׹ơ
죬ǹ֮䣬֮ϷеİգѾֻ֪ҲĳŤԻմлһƽÿ˶ԵΪеˡ
´ңһ⣬ιʳȷǻô˳𣿡
£վڱУʵ


1302 ַ򣡣һ
ȷţ
´Ҳ
ҴСģʲôԸǲһѾѱҰԣڸû̫Σٶǳ¼£ֻ
𣿡

ڿʼǻжʳ֮ڲԵԱߵĹܴү⣬õһƽ𡣡
ˣ
̨һƬȻ˶סˡ´Ҷɵúһϣֱ
һУʮƽû˿
үԳУһ˶ˣֻҪ֤һ㣬һģȸ㣬ʧˣĹܱܿǳԵԸ𣿡
̨ѻȸ˶Ŀ̨ϣһ˵
һĶעھʦδּǶһЩҴ˵Ҳмĳõʾ޿Ի´ң¾ҡһΪһĴ󻧣һµңڵطӰꡣ
ЩԿԸıˡ
̫˼ˣһ𣿡
ûʱʲôûɣͻһƽǴƵүԳؼȻо˼飬Իó
Ⱥ۷׷ף֮ⳡ̨ϵıݣڽ⣬һɲоһĿġ

Χĵģֻ±
ǰĴһɲǱԽˣһڳ´Ͻˮ´ҵżʧȥ򶨡
һƽΪһɽԻһԵֵջ
ҿԿһ𣿡
´ҵͨ졣
Ǻǣ㹻ʱ䡣
仰¶һ˿ѵõЦݡ
㣬ʱֻһ죬ȻҲԾܾһƽȥԲκ㣡
Ͱ˵İɣ
´ҧҧԥ
ô룬ҶǺ͹оԵģ
䣬´ҵĻ̨˸ŷһź
˵úãǼʶһ£
Ƕͨԣ˵ˣ㳹׵ˣ
һ󻶺쳹ʦ

Ⱥʱ񶯣һֻֻŸѸٵ˷ȥĶľ˲˾ʦ˵ע⡣
һǺôǣ
ôİ֮û̵ֻʧľͲֹһˣ
ǹעһ
ô˶ţҪǶֽţܣƾ˵Ǹעºܶ϶ðհ
ǸһҴĳϺͼ
ﵽһͼѾ¶Σı̫ˡ
ˣʮʱţⳡ֮ºܿҪؼʱ̣
ĳһҼһļ

ӣô죿
µĶעոշϢ㣬²¸С
һŵĵӹڵϣȴϷ۵Ļش
ϲòѾ̨ӣʲôֹˣɳ֣ʮʱͣؼӣԲͷǺ͹϶ֽš
۵
ף
һ䣬ŵӺܿȥ
ڵϣһһͱʳҹﰵ֪۾Ѿ嵽Χ
ಣҹ֪ĸ䣬һ⳯ſ̨ϵȥȻ⻹ڰУһ֧бɲͬһʱ䣬һƺߣȻûϢ
޴ô˿ţ붯ֽţѰ·
Զһ¥߸ߵ£»ҫ¶һӰûоκˡӺܿȥΡ

ǳ̫ıɢȥҹ֪̽ӡϢںڰ֮С̨ϣг´ҵɽԻ˯˸ȴʲôҲ֪
Сң
´ҽлһͷվ굽դԣͣų´ҵƣһĹɡͻȻ֮˿ͷԾήࡣϣû̫ı仯
Сߺţ˼ӣ˹ͷĹ˼¡
һһǺгദӣ´жʱֳġԼСӣû˱Լ˽⡣
ͨԣΣټҲ˴СһųС
ֻһ㣬Ǹ䶨ˡ
磬һһǶˣСߺߵĽлȴöࡣߵ䣬ſڵϣһĬĬ̶͡Сûһۡ
ã
֪˷׷׽кá´ҵҲ˺ܶࡣ
գ֮䣬ǵڶ졣ûйͶ࣬ӸɱģҲ޾ɣԴڷǳ״̬ҲûκҪԵĶ
ܿǵ졣
İջ۵һһǴ
ģʳӡ䶨ˣ
Ⱥܲѡ
ϢҲ׷˿ôˡĽչȻڼӵ
Сӣģ
һԵԻһĻƤӯжѡ
죡
ѾģվȣͳһԵСҲòȥһԵСǰһ굽ǵ¡ȻֻǰһƤëûκεĶ
ã
̨£׶Ⱥ׷Ϊ֮Ȳʡ
𣡡
Ϊ֮ʱһֻһ˻ϲ鷢ˣһϢĻǣߵӱߵʱ򣬷¶һڷһҧͷСĲͷС鴤£Ѫ˳Żǵ˳
Ƴ˻ײеԣܵѪĴ̼ԭ˳Ļǣһ͵Դ󷢣𣬶ͷС˺ҧ漫Ѫȡ

ֻһ󾪽У̨˶ѪȵһĻˣ۾Ͷϲ£
İգɵƲͷȥ¶µɫһʱ䣬ͷǺСгһϷֵĳ棬˵ǱʶΪͷǾԵС
˵һĻҾ緢ʱвŻֲ׼

̨ϣ´ҷһУ͵س嵽ӱߣľͲţ
ſͷڸʲô
Ȼͷȴδһ߷ʳС壬һзµ졣
۾̣͸ΣյĹâëҲͬצ¶צ
ʱĻǣﻹһƽʱ˳ӣ³ҰԺ͹ԣȫһͷҰ졣
䣬ڳ´˹ȥӴ󺰵ʱͷѪ͵صͷ´ңŷݣݺҧ´ץդơ


1303 ַ򣡣

´ɫһףŵõڵϡ
ڸʲôҶϵã
ȻͷȴʲôҲڹ´ʧܺһŤݺݵײܵӣһͨĶŸ̨ȺҪ˶һ㡣
ţ
ô
̨һƬͷİ׺ݵӣŵɫ԰ף׷ȥ
ãȥ湫ӣ
һĻһܵӵɫ䣬һӰٶȳ²¸ķݶȥ
ͬһʱɳĻŸ롣
飡
ȺһƬҵʱ򣬿̨ıԵһֻص̨̤ףѾʧõһɫؼף߰£ϸ̨
ˣ
ڳ´ҵߣֻͣ˵һ仰
´̱ڵϣʧǣһ仰˵һֱţԼκʱ򣬶ԲԼĹʵȴһصİơ
û˵ȥ֪´һûдпʵлع˵仰վһԣЩһ𣬴ƺڵȴʲô
ھ뿴̨ԶĵطâһһɫӰſ㣬˫֣Ӿ¥˳

ΧȺ󾪺ͻȻֵӰǱˣʦ߸ϣ۷籩
һԲ˵עµϸ̨һɲǣϹâɣΪؼĿĴڡķľ¥ϣĿҲ㼯

Х̨ߣ˴ʱڷ裬һˡһˡǿȨ֣ͬͬ죬ϸ̨ϣ߸壬ĹʬԼ״񣬳ԵĻǣʱ˵ĸоȴȻͬ
˶Ѿˡ
ԣ˫֣¡¡ףؼ졣ʱ˿̣ȺһƬ£ûκһ˿˵Ǿ߻δȴСʬǰû˵ó
һͷǾѱԱ÷ǳѱ㿴һԺСһˣĹгһִһʲôǡκʱ򶼲ҪˡѪҰԣײУѪҺ֮еġһʱʣͻᱬķʽҧĺһǴַ򣡡
ÿһ˵ĶСһԣ̱ڸ̨ϵԻɫ԰ף鴤ôõСңͷû뵽վһͷ׺ݵǡ
ڣƺķ޽ƽЭ飬ǹ֮ĺгһǿԺǺ̸ҲԺǺƽҪˣǾǣκʱֻҪһٶȣײеķʽ˺ĺǴַĵҵĻǱԡ
ҪԸǣͱȻǸ׺ݣ
峯һߵһʿ˸ƣ߻⣬ǰߵԱߡͷǷ˽ӽѪ˫ۣ¶ŷݣ죬ѹڳһ̬ƺֻҪʿͿԷ͵Ĺ
Ȼ
ϣ
ֻһ׳˶ļʿûһۣһֻ޴ֱ۽ᣬ͵̽һѿסͷǵĲ˳
Դ󷢣ޱȵĻڼʿвͣŤţƺŰѿƣҽ׺ݵȺ󾪽СȻһֻ̣꣬һĴ죬ͷԴ󷢵Ļֻü͵͵໽һͱʿһ͵Ť˲ӣ֫ԴڰлεţûκεϢ

һͣٴη˾
׺ݣѪǣڸǿļʿǰҲ͸ոձԵСûʲô𡣡
ǹ֮ıʣںڰĴܱԼģ壬ѵľ޴͸ǿǿȨ棡
һ仰˵գĿ磬ɨȫȻһûͣ뿪̨
ӴȺѻȸ
ž
ޱȵţ
뿪֮󣬿̨Χ֣нֵľ¥ѶҿһĻҼվͺʯһһ
ÿ˶һĻĳ֮С
ȻѾˣھʦ˵ȴԶûн´ҴһһϿ̨ʱÿ˶⵱һϷܶѾˣڿ̨ӣһǿȨ
һĻΪ֤Լ˼۵ġ
ǵͷҧʳͷǱɱʱѾûЦóҲûٰһеϷ
ʵʤ۱棡
һķʽͬʱҲһ޿ķʽķչ˾ʦİգԼеĴưǰ
䣡
ڶ̶̵ļž֮󣬷·ƽͶһףȺ֮УȻɲ
˵ǶԵģǶˣ
֮ǰôϲͷǣǳԵǾǣԶҲı䲻˵ģ
ķĵңһֱĽƵĸһֱҪơϧ˶ɱˣֻֻѵġΪʲôдⱾ飡ǶԵģ

ȺһƬˣ̨ϷһĻںܶ˵һӶ޷һӶļԺ֮С
ǲҪ˵żȻֻżȻһ˵ʲôҪų͢
ȺУȻûκǡҲûκǵеȫȺѹȥһһǣǰδе˼
ֹΧǣǸ۹Է˼Ļᣡ
ˣ
ӮˣȥǺʹ֮ĺƽºܿҪˣǰڵŬҪǰ
Ȼϻر£

ȺУһ̽ɫҰףǰȺŸ̨ϵʬһ׷˳ȥѸ汼ȥ
ʦ֮УѸٷͿӰ죬κ˶񲻵ġǰĹʹʦڷ׷׸ķԸԻѾưţ뿪ˡ
ʬ͹ʬͬеѪͳͳûгȥ
Ѫȵĳʦÿһڶܵ˾޴ĳ𺳡Ϊ֮ǰӣÿ˶˵һһгӣϲһһСӣ֪ʫӦ˵ǡ꣬տ̨ϵѪȣŸԺܴ𺳡
˸ϵ̨£ǲĺۼɺѪŴͣã˵
ʵĲпᣬͯƻһֳķʽչʾǰʦնѹ࣬ͺϷһ޴ʯѹͷһص˴
һȥ˽̸顣̸šѱǡ޹Ĺ̸šԵıѪȡԼȥǰ˵Ƿ


1304 ˼籩
㣡д
ʦҵĽ屾Ϊ츣ˡԾǶԣǴô壬ǲǸѧ˵ҲΪ˼ҹʦƽȻûд˵ģƽͨŬͨǿʵģЭáʦû˹ءͻʡ߾گЩΪ˼ƣƽþȵʱʣơĳʦʲô𣿡
ƣһж仹кϣҪúƽӦͨ壬ȥл̻ĵҡףƽ͸ͨԼ˫ֻãսڵۣĵҵĹԣ水ۣﻹкƽԣ㻹ҵѧȻа˵Ϊ縷ֱǳ裡ʽѧãҵĵӣ

һ仰ѧʱһƬžãһ
лʦ
һѧóȥӰɶѡӡֵܡʦĳͻڳϣǱǶھʦҲھݵǧ򻧣ÿһط
ԡǿȨΪ㣬һֱϴ̨ǡԣֱ̹̤ϸֱֶ̨һ̣һĽǿȨַ򡱡ǿʳսƽƽ棬Эƽƽȵ֮˼룬ֱһ̣뵽֮Уܣֻͣ档
һ籩һ־˵ٶϯ۹ԭǵġҪƽҪսĺһСࡣҲеȺǾ¥ջȺۼĵطۣšǿȨ³ֵ˼롣
Ϊ˼ϵĳͻϸִģ˼ڡɧҲ
һ磬һ齫۹ڴӳ˯֮лѣǵ˼
ڴܱߣעⳡ籩ܱй˵ԲʲôϢе۹ⳡиоһǺͽǡ
͹ˣ
˹ظԭ֮⣬΢˫ۣͷһХϵ۴졣һ̣Ժд˷ͷ
ⳡұѾռϷ磬ƾ´ƣԼĵľ뵡˼ƾһѹģȥʢ˥¾ڽˡ
ɴѳɣǴ꣬ҲԸı־档
һ˺µսҲһĺ˵սһʼͲʤ㣬ⳡսУȻӮˡٵΪֹѾչ˸ıһе˵֣һһܱߵľƣֻһһǵͰ͵ľӲŤת˹һǴҲòһ̾֡
ܳΪ˹صĻûԭ򡣡
갵ƾǧֶΣλƵıʿ֮С
࣬ô죿־ǿѾ޷ıƵľˡһƵıȨ˹ؾͻ׵УҪǣѾʧܲˡ
һž¡ϵĴ󽫾ͻȻڵ͸ǡս˹ص۹۽ѾûжٱˣĴϵУһս֮ģҲֻʣž¡ϵıҲ˹ػЭһҪԭ
İɣⳡսԶûеֵزմƵ˵ǹ׷ɶۡȻһʧܹǧ֮꣬ﻹĺС⡭
˵ţͻȻ̽Уȡһ׼õż
ʶλҲóˣżĳȥɡյ֪֮ô
ţв΢΢һ¡Ĵһ˹Ĵ࣬Ĵϵģĵ࣬ڼ̳λ֮ǰԭľֻʱԣûжע⡣
ǣ
񲨶ܿӹżתȥ

䱸
ңԶͻɽ˹ǱߵķӦͻ߾ͼ򵥶ˡ֪Ƶⳡ仯ͶңʧϼǱܵĸܵв´˾ӷص
ھʦ̽дµϢ𣿡
ɽϣʧ˫һ˳ǹǰһϥڵϵͻ̽ӡ
شˣ̽Ӽȫϵʦȥˣ˶ڹעⳡ仯һµϢͻϱˡ
ǰ̽ͷĿڵϣ˵仰Ƭ֮󣬺ܿȥ
ͻʺ߾۹گڶӥȸƾʦķƵʱֹܼ֮

ڸıľԱʱ򣬰ʱȴȻͬ
ã
֥еţĿڣʯ
壬ɵƯڿɿˣ
壬ĵ̽Ϣ𣿡
˵һ䣬֥ŤͷԵķⳣ塣
Ǻǣ϶ǣűߣ˯ж¡̽ӻرϢʦзʳѰˡ
ⳣҲЦŵ
һ̣ⳣжԵ͸֥ϳΪ۹˫赣һļһֲ˸Եȱݣǻıԣǵ۹˫赶
ѾǲսԣߺڷΪˡʦмǿȨÿһ仰ϸϸƷζ
ⳣҲ츳֮ҪȻҲëԼ΢ĩ֮ȥ̸֥˵ⳣ嶼̾硣
ȥܼܱһжȡж
ǣ
£аĽӦȥ
һ飬һ֣ǣܱеľƣ˷´ƶΪ֮䣬һҲֻõ

Ҳ̸ܱߵľƣʱ˿̣ʦণеϢȫ㼯²¸СͬģеѹҲͬ۶
ӣô죿ڵ¶ǷзǱ顣ҵѧѧʦ沵ľٶѾ˶ҵĸԴʱڣټң»ûгֹ顣Զƣ˳ķչȥҿǧعҪһˣ
²¸Уϡ񾵡ŮȫۼһãһƬš
һֱڹעķչòϣǺ͹¼˶һȽ޴֤ԼĹ۵㣬һʹȫûа취֡
ʼʱһΪԼӮˡΪǺ͹Ӻгǡǡ֤ҡ˵ȷԣұôһ֣Լѧ˵ˡ۶ǰ˰ѱʦǴߡ
Ľ
˶λ
Ȼ˵ǵģǺ¼ٲֹеѪҪһ


1305 ѧʥ
齻
һ£ڵأͻȻڵͼǰȣɫ԰࣬üĿҲҲЩ㲣Ȼ⼸û˯áġʽǰûģڴû˻¡
ǡǡǴƵ
ǿȨһɢۺƷչȥʲôǽ˼ǣȴҲʲôõķķ̫ˣֹԼǵ͡
ֹˣ˹صĴ꣬ͻʵʧϣͻʵİʷ棬߾۹ʵԨģдʳǱͨͨźشֹ飬ڸ̽ӻرڲѾ˷ҪȡǩһЭ飬Ҫóľȫٻ
ʱһ𣬸ǰһҲˡ
ˣ
仰ۣеŸȫɫһ̧ͷ
ʲôʱ£͢ǱѾյϢ𣿡
̧ͷ
˽ţҲǼǰ飬Ϊѹ̫ûи㡣
񾵵
ⷬ˶һȻ˽ţǾζŻл͵أǱȻҲʹսǺȻ߸ľٶԼʦⳡ籩ио˾޴вҼϣţֹĶ񻯡
ʵֻࡢ̫ʦҲʹüˣô죿
һԣ̾ϢţҲ˵һ
ԵѹԶֹٱԼܱ֮ϡ̫ʦҪѡ
ġǿȨھʦԼݸصӣ˶ȻӡҲڼϣŸı䵱ǰľơ
һԣŮ촽˶վסû˵龫ǣԵѹѾˣòŸ鷳
ɲǼ䣬ھĵģһƬšÿ˵ĿⶼͬһÿһĿⶼһεѹ
֮ף˵кּԿҲֻʣˡ
֪ˣ
ãڿڵһɲǣͷзӶڣ۵񽥽üᶨ
´ͬĴǰκ˶΢ģŵǧҵǰδеĻǰܻԼܻС
׼һ£ԡ£Ҫȥʥ
ˣ
ʥ֣˶ɫ΢ÿ϶¶һ𾴵ɫǰҪ𾴵Ķࡣ
ӣҪ
һԣǰС
ţ
صĵ˵ͷ
һ֮ѾֻǹϵˣʱҲȥˡ
̾Ϣ

ڴеĻʱ֮һ͵ʵ뵽ӿ֮Уؽ뵽˾ʦǣһʹڵ÷֮С
⴦÷ֺκһطȻͬ÷ֵڴ˽ɫ촣չֻڻʹŻֵ־ͽ
ֵطȻƽܹˡ
۳ʾһöƣû⵽κε̲飬ܿ뵽÷
ģ
ھʦ֮лƧĵطһС·ȥۣһ̻Ի͵ĵǰ۵ͣ
ӣˣ
һŵӺܿ³˳ţһãܿ˳飬صɲǣһ÷еƮС
þûˣ
һϤһУипѡ
Ťͷһۿһ޴Ĺûκεңֻھʮಽĵطһʯʯдż֣
֮ס
Ȼ·һӡдšˡ
ʯϰ߲ӡȻҲмʱˡ
ӡ
ۿʯԺһͷ
ˡʥ롰ʥӡĻʵۺٻӡ֮ס⼸֣κ˶ܹܵġפأӡ㣬ɫסŵ˾͵λǷһ˿Աġ
۴ƮƮǰĵӹͷʳ⣬ǣ÷Լ÷صĵ֪˲࣬һеĴ塢塢Լʿȴӵϵĵλ
ѧʥ
Ϊסŵģ˵ǹŵģġҾ䡱
ʣĪʣ壬Ī壻Ī
֮ߣ֣֮ߣǡ
Ϊ֮ΪᡣǹʵúΪӣúΪúΪ򡭡

۳ʥǰʱһʥڴһѧòͬ洫ĲͯɵЩжÿһޱȣ֮꣬ʮǰ塢塣
ӣѾ֪ˣڡ
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һް߰ףŻҰɫ۵ż˳ȻǳľȣΪһǷǳĴ塣ʮǰһͨۡ£˷Ϊ
֮Ѿˣ˭ܹ֪⴦ʥ֮У׷λʮꡣ
л
۹ĻһȻһã󲽽˹֮С
ĵģڿһ־ֻһ¯ԣɢһɹζһΡΡε¯ǰһʮϵĴ塢ڵϣдд¼壬߱Ŀڤ˼·ڿѧһ
ЩרעԼ飬۽ʱûпһۣҲ⣬ЩԲȥ
ԽԽһŵڹĺ󷽣ۿһʯɵĹ㳡һأʰĸɸɾĲá⸻ûʵĹ֮󣬾Ȼ˼ªСݣֱš
Ȼªéø˵ĸоȴǳףµţһʥζû˿Ա߻Ĺ˶ã⻪ĹǰСޱȣƬéãԼΧ÷ָ֡롣
ȻЩ죬ȴǵȻ֮
һ塢ƮƮϴ㳡ߴéݣ߾ֱ뿪һܿ˹ȥǲõſڣֻһ塢塢һŹڵϣִ֮רĵĸһ˶顣
ǵ̬ͺһʲôˣѧʦһѧϰһ
Щ壬壬ŵݴأÿһǱ硣ѧʴﵽֵزѾҪٸѧϰˣҲûʲôٽ̵ǡǵ⴦֮УһͯһѧЩ˲û˿¶һĪң·һ־޴һ㡣
ÿ˵飬Ļᶼǳϧ


1306 ӣ
վſڣҴҵɨһۣЩѧ֮УȻ˲ĵسȻȴû˿سļӣȫĶǰһ顣
ǡ̫ʦ
ȺǰУһڵصߣɫһ˳
ǹڲУ塢忴ûʲôߣǱˣȻǴƵ̫ʦղסһλڴƵ¸أ£ʥʶޱȵ̫ʦȻһѧһжѧʡ
ȥҪ䶯¡
̫ʦѾǽӽʮĸ䣬ܹʸʦִ֮ģûмˡ
ȴ֪ϵǸˣǡǡǸʸ̵̫ʦˡΪµҾ䡣Դս֮ΨһһԡӡԾӵĴڡ
ӣ
һȺ幩𾴵֮ʦ
һڻʵ׷ǧټҪӭ빬ڣȴܾѣ칬ҪھʦԼߵġ䡱
һһٶʮ꣬徭ʥӵġйעͣ£ΪУԣжΪɵĴѧʼҡ徭رǡҵʥ䡣
Ǵʥעľ壡
־岻κע;ע͵ģѧʲóȻעͣȥ»ᱻָʱҲû֮ءܸעͣѧ֮֮¡λ֮ߣͿ֪
ڴƸʵʱɸ빬Уԡ
̫ڻʵʶԣ̫֮λȴܣƷΪƻŵʥˡ
Ȼãµĵӣࡢ̫ʦ̫ȴ˵ĳسµ塢壬ȫǳ£
ǡӡ
ҲҪҪ
Щ塢塢Ŀ⣬̧ȥֻѧõϷһݣ԰׵߿۴䣬߹ڲϷڽھѧݹŰ壬ɫ࣬һīɫߣޱȡ
ѳ̨µȻް߰ףߵǰͬһ
ңܲ书ϵϢȴǸɽֹصͬһɽͣ־ѧϢ޾ȫκεѧʼҺʹΪ֮η
㣬ҲƣҲ߲ɵü棬ȡҲҲ壬Ҳ߲ɵü棬ȡҲ
ԻʣԻȡ壬ɱʣȡ壡Ǵʥʥӵ˼֮Ҳѧ˵ıԴ͸ֵľ⣬Ҳ͸ǧٱľ衣
һڵϷƮ£ߵƽͣһָοĵÿһֶ·˵ĵéٿĸо
̨µÿһ壬壬̫ʦţϸĴĦ˿и
ѧ֮أҲʥ֮أվſڣΣĬĬصȴš
֪˶ãŶһϡ֮һOO@@趯ýѧһ壬壬վһȻ뿪ͬһʱ䣬һӶ
ѸߣҪ̫ã
뿪ʱ̫ʦһͣһۡ΢㵣漴˵ͷ
ף
̫ʦûж˵۲ܿˡûκ˵ע⡣Ҳڴʱ۶вһϤ
ۣɣ
ƳһɶϤĵ˸оûڣеܾѾϤĸɸɾ
һһۣҵ˽ȥ
ھӻĵطͣȻϹϾһ
ۣʦ֡
ڿڣ͸¶ϢκΪ֮ݡ
£¸أѾﵽһٶʮ䣬ڻʵ״֮͡ʦġӡȻʦֵܡ
ɣ
ӸϷ΢һֻݵָָָԵλãϹžû˿Ĳ
ǴѾʮû˰ɣ
ǣ
仰һӰ࣬У¶һ˿˵ɫʮǰֻʮ꣬Ѿˡ⴦÷֣ãλԼһʦ֡
Ǽ֮Ѿܾûˡ
ʦֵܶˣҲкܾûн
飬Ҷ˵ˣ
ӵ˫£У۴أɫĮԶһ˻ôãô£Ѿʲôܹľˡ
ĬȻõ
޶ۣʦֶĿˣ
ݺᣬƥʦѡġ֮ӡ֮ţ⣬ڣӦ֪е飬ǲֵģ
ҡҡͷ
ֻ֪ңֻ֪ţǺ֪ҷΪš
ֻѧʣµľ䣬ͷ¶棬̻ģֱָµģеǿϵľѧʣţޣΪŵˣһ书ֽý֮
ѧʲʩ£̻ģԿ˵ʮأʼղáѧʣʼղУܱż˵ϰ书ĳʼԴͷʥԣʮͽҲ·书ǿ֮;ͣԱʥȫ
ʵϣ֮о·µ书
ֻǺΪΣҷ뿪ˣȻǧ˿Ƶϵܹ̫֮ʦĳһЩĳ͵֮УƾľӵӰ졣
ףһε´ͬ޹أҲеҵ޹أǧйء
۳
𣿡
ɫ΢
ʦѾ֪ˣ
ɫ΢
ǺѾˡ
ӶϷƽ
һ̫ʦΪʲôˡ
ʦ֣ϵ黹ΣȴͬСɡǿȨַǿʳڴ֮ǰûϵͳĹ۵㣬˵˼¡ʱұΪɹڣ丸ӡֵСӶַ֪ٲֹ˼ȥҼǧĸͻᱻ˶
£µʱʳȫֻصսֻʳʱֻʥʦѪȫ׷ˣ
ǰӣ
һӰӶϷĿ˼һ˫üͷʱ΢΢û˵ֻĬĬȴţ֮ң˵һֹܹ˼Ҳֻʣӡ


1307 ֣壡
ӴӺܶǰѾã¡ʼҰݷãҲǱܶ
ȻΪ䣬ӲԸ⣬Ҳûа취
ﾲĵģһûУӣֻĬĬȴš
ˣ
֪˶ãͻȻڵ

仰гһ
лʦ֣
һվ

֮һ䶯£ʱڣ磬ΨһһҲǽһӡӣ
ر֮˺䶯ݸأ塢塢壬ҲͲסһ׷׸ʦ
״ˣѸߣ뾩ʦ·;ңԶӹͶ٣Բ
ĳһѾʮĸ׵ȫֹ
˶֪ʲô˵ǳͶ٣·ϣϷҲԹ޻ڣֹȥʹұΪԶԭ㣡
ϣ׷Բԣϸɫȫ˵ķԣִǰС
ͬھݸزϵݣӵϢھݴͶһʯִ֮ҲʱС˺ܶࡣ
Լʱ䣬ʦʢ֪ٴ壬壬壬㼯ǼѧǰĬĬȴš
ʢڹעܶ͸ʮѹ֪ӵĴڣǵ˵ӵ֮˶Ȼ𾴡
ɣĻɰ
еڶȻ𾴣һЩڼֱӹӵĻλʼҶɳ˽ѧΧά
Ӷ׵ͣٵӽУʼղӰׯصѧǰȺȴûκһĲͷ֪˶á
쿴
ͻȻ֮䲻֪˭һɲǼ䣬ȺȻ˷׷ѧķ˹ȥ˵ĿУ֮ԭһ˵ѧǰһݵӰѩ˳Ⱦ
˱˫ֻ֣һսһָɽֹϢޱ޼ʵɢ
ӣ
ӣ

ǵӰѧǰȺһƬеĴ壬塢壬׷׹ߵ֮һЩ߰ʮүʧʹ
УѸߣǵ¸صġ̩ɽֻ֪ǰ㲻ʲôȣľֻһˡѡ
ǻǺʱӾѾʮĸ䣬£˷Ϊ䣬ǳʱѾˣںܶ˵ܹӣѾĪҫˣ޺
ЩүһʧʹޣеĽޱȡʱֻ֪ҪػһҪ䣬ȴ֪ԷҪһЩҲ׷׷е׷ӹȥ
û˵ֻƽĿǰһȻתһԣǰ৵չһƬհ׵ĺ֣һкīմī֭ëʹĵ˹ȥ
ҿ쿴ˣ
ͻȻ˴һ仰ʱ˵ע⣬Ŀ׷׻۶ѧǰӵϡ
ৣৣ
˵ĿУӵּ˵ĿУд˶֣
ʣ壡
䣡
֣ȺһƬڡ
壡ӵ˼ѧʵĸ𣿡
ۼӣѾޱȵˣܹ֣ԽѧʣϷ޺ˣ
Ļľ裬д֣һи

ȺһƬȻ˿߶š塱֣ƺڰԴĦӴ˾͸¶⡣
ѧǰȴûжֽκεĽͣеĴͶһеĽӴһ㾶ֱ뿪ˡ
ѧǰɽ˺Ⱥȴʼղȥ
Ȼӳֵ뿪ǰŲƬ̵ʱ䣬Ӱ컹ԶûнһʯǧˣӵĳԼµ֣һʯھݴɲ
ӣ
һ㣬ѸٵĴݵÿһ䣬ĺ֪ͯ߶䣬Ƥӡ

ӣ⵽ʲôˣ
ͬʱҵĸ֮ۡУ忴Ŷλ𾪡̫ͻȻˡ
㲻֪Ҳ˵㣬Һ㸸һˣ֪Ҳࡣ
棬еĲ豭ͽԼռĹӵϢϸϸ˵˳
ʵֹ㣬Ҷеǳ𾪣ȵ֮ʱҲż˵ӵ£ҲǾһƳ֮Уˣ˭ϵڻš
˵겻ѡ
д˷һΪԼԵʸˮĴʣûԼĲ֣Ӧǰ꣬ȻšϱԼû˵顣
鲻
΢΢üͷЩԼţȻŵĴ档粻֣ȴƫƫʱ֣һҵľ䣬һš
߶һ֣ǡ֮ǿȨۡ͡ͻҵʱɺϡ
壬ڴƵӰ͵λѾԽ˻ʼҺκ׵Ȩ㷢ǿȨҵ˼Ȼ壬ʱ֣¶㲻һҪСģҲҹҪԭ򡣡

ĴеԤڼ֮ܿӡ֤ˣʱʹϢҾġǿȨ
岻ɷϣ˵ˣ
ӵԭ
Ϣڶ̶ʱ쫷ٶȴʦȻִӾʦݴءдġ˵ۡͬҵĵλκ˶󼰵ġһ仰˵µʶ֮ѧ
ӵĵλ֪
֮ǰӳѧʱ򣬾ѾۼʦӵѸͨЩ壬϶£һ㣬ﵽ¼еѧ֮Сһ籩ʹ˿ʼ
ѧ˵Ĵǧʱ䣬ӰǱĬ˰ķ棬ÿһ䣬Ŀʶ֮Ҳ֪һЩҵ˼룬Ӱ졣׵ݷ٣ҽġǿȨΪѧ˵֮ҼǧĽӰ죬ʾӴӰ
һ֮ڣĴӦӵĺ٣˵ġǿȨģκʱԱģӰ죬Ѹٴﵽÿһѧãʩӵÿһѧϡ
һ֮ڣѧѧóҽֹ̤κεѧá
ʦصҵĸӵݣѧѧ˵ΥӣǴ治
ƾֶΣǿȨСࡣ


1308 
ֹˣʦ֮ڣƾǧӰ죬һ֮ڣǿȨͱϳʧøɸɾʦٿһ顣
ͬʱ屾ĻҲǵض
һ⼯壬壬ֱʡҪȥһְ񣬲ҽֹǿȨӡˢͷ
֮ڣ֧͡ǿȨСҵġۡϣռ˾ԵϷ硣
Ʊ仯֮죬˶ʼϲ
ž
һ鼮͸صڽϡ
ףҵ飡
һ󾪽ޱȡ
˶Ժֹٿѧ˵ӵĻ㶼ûһа˵Ϊţʲô㲻֪ѵǸʲôӻҪ
ﴫ׵ŭ
ӵ֣˵һС˺ܶࡣ
ôˣԺ㣬㽫ĺӣ㺢ӵĺӣеѧãеķӶܾյĻͲҪٸֶӶѾˣ㻹ΪС𣡡
׵ŭɶ
ͬ鲻ϷھݸءƱ仯֮죬ʼϲ
үˣ
ҸۡУһҴҵĽŲŲҴңɫ԰ףҴҵĳĸ֮ۡУ
үոյõϢ俪ʼ׷׶֮ǰġǿȨҿʼ۶ѷգ
ȻŸո˵̧꣬ͷһۣסˡ֮⣬ԪѦǧǵͨͨڣһƬأÿ˵ɫ̫ÿ
˵ˡȻǵһյϢģеϢ㼯ζ弫䲻
żƣ˶û뵽ʵϣ˺ţһһʮҴȻϡ֪˴ڡ
Ȼһδƽһ𣬻һֻŸ봩ͻȻ˽
ţ
ֻǿһۣϳŸϵĽеı־ͬھʦ֮УǷ˷ǳص飬ʱϢ
һɲǣ˵ɫԽĲ԰ˡ
ಣ
ɫ侲һУŸϵżƿնûСֻ̯ǿһۣȥǱߣڳˡ
©ƫҹ꣬һʱ䣬һϢѸٴ£֮͢ʽһĵ͵飬˽Իӣͼı족ΥʥʵԴڻʼҵе⣬ûеõʥ£ܴƳԼнֲΨסȻǰˡ
ƶҴ壬Ȩ˽ϸĿһ㶼ֻмˣ಻һǧˣȻļǰǰѾһ࣬䱸ģȫһɫףԼޱȵȸֽѾԽһģսҸıսĽ
ҲԶԶ˽ķ롣
ڴƣӵľӣѾ԰һͼı췴ˣҪǣһ֧ӾȻȫڴƵľ֮С
ڶ˺ܶ࣬ʵϣ±ȵһҪصĶ࣬۾֮κʱǼһ¶תءثҲǴƾ̩ɽˣ¹ĺͣҼʥӡȻ¼ֻ֣ثѾȥְϣˡ
Ҫ⣬Ҳ⵽󳼵ļԣ¶ĹͣҲôԺյݣһҲζ;ĳսᡣ
κռ֮һѾٲˣȫռ롣
ǣݳĵȫ֤ȷ䣬ûκһԩ塣
Ϣ䶯£

λ飬ǻʲôҪ˵𣿡
̫͵ׯأֺʥϷĿɨ·ĵѾﵽĵزΣնһþĻֹ޷½ҲԼΪϡ
£˽Υʥ˽е⡯֤ȷ䣬΢ΪӦϴشԲɹϢ
֮ϣֳ˰壬ӣ
£ɰ˽ﲻ٣Υʥ˽еҲ٣һжΪ˴ưǣ˹ѱܣ¤֪֡Ϊͷº½ʿţ
һ佫У˹֮սѾȥôãΪʲô粻ᣬƫƫʱҪ壬˶֪Թ𣬽Ը壬ⳡ֮֮ʤ
һ㣬е佫Ϊ֮ƽ
ߣΪ˵۹Ϳ˽Ϊ˵۹ͿĿʥʣ۾ۣƵɷҪҪˣ
ͻȻһߣҲӰ֮˳ǧѷĻᣬҪǣЩɲ׫ġĻ᣺
ôĽ죬ĸûһ㹦ͣѵţͿڴΪΪӷͬֻһүѣѲɱӻҪˣ
һ仰˵ʱһƬšֻǲҽӣҴġ֮ԡ
£
ĿɨڳһЦתͷϷĴһȻ
飬Ȼ˴Ҫзĵ΢飬׽մնһгƺţЧȣ
£ɣ
һԣ̲סվ˳
ĲĿãķĵҶɵмӣΪ¶ɱڴƶԷֽţգĵٴ˭ܳе𣡡
٣ڵ弰䲻ѾȫŲԤϵķб
壬з
ϣӳĬͻȻڵ
ü͸һ˿ɺΪѵɫ
飬Ӳʱ侮ʯһѣʱ鲻һеϸڹ£۾Լ´˽ҲҪִС
ʥ׷ģ½֪ɱ²ֻ˲ԼպͳεţҲмΣ
㻹ʲôҪ˵𣿡
һ仰Ťͷĩβ壬ɲǼ䣬˵Ŀ׷׼еϡ
ֻһ仰һж
ŴϵĴӣɫƽ
һôϵָ̫ʦдϵĴӣɫ΢䡣


1309 ֣
֪ˣ
һƬ̺
壬֪һжΪ˹𢣬ǹймҹ棬͢Ȼ䲼ô˶Ҫأӷͬ
һҵͥʹ˽
͵£
£˹Ŀʹ뿪
̣ɫ쳣侲侲Ĺ֡
²£
˾Ҫ뿪ʱЦһڿˡ
仰ͻ϶Ȼһ̫ʦָ׷׿˹
ʲôҪ˵𣿡
ɫ΢΢һܿͻָƽһãȺ˹ȥеȺ׷ȫȥۿճĿռ䡣
ⳡͥô˶֪ʵִֵ֮ͥö̫ˣʱȴͻȻڽסۣÿ˶иܵһŨҵĻҩζ
Ǻǣ
ŴԵĽ֣ʶžһժͽƽ²µ˹ȥ
ͬʱһͬͷϽժݹȥɲǼͷںڵͷٲ㣬ɢڼϣ鷢ִ޴
ۣҸ߿ˣ
һ仰˵ࡣ
һٱ濴Ӯˣǲ廹۶֪ӵһ𣬺һֵĽУžѾ·硣
жȥƽ²µְλȥһΪǾӮ𣿡
Ц͸һɼ
ʲô˼
ͫһȻ
Ȼʲôû˵һ˵ĿУŹȥ
һȣ
Ĵب׷ȥ
ۿبıӰþõ˵

ҲĶժ̫͵ʱ

һƿӥȸӴϿգڿն˲Ϣ佫ʦеϢ屻Ϣ˷
ã
ԶԶģͻʵУһ׳ϵżЦ
ŹȻ벻Ȼ֮䣬Գ׵ĽǸԨ
ŴƴϢʩɺЦ
ȻǸϽغ˹زǴݺֳսκε۹Ǿ޴в
һƽĶ֣ճͿݣʱͻʺȻҲ亦
ֹ볯񣬽ֹ񣬹ƾ͵ǱȥצϻѾû̫вˣ
һ龪Σһ֣Ӯˣ
߾۹گ۹ͻʺĸ߲յϢʱһܲѡ
ת̫ˣȫʼϲǰһ˻ڵģƿܻñǰκʱ򶼻Ҫöһ̣евѾȫ
ӣ벻ȻţƾһУžѾʤˣ
ңԶ˹أͬյһ鱨˲ͬעĽȴǡӳϡԭ˵ӵʱǵ۹λĴѧʼң˶ġӡҲǳľ塣
ʱõϢǣˡڿˡ
֮ƾһۻԶԶΨλ׳棬ܸıһСƾӵĵλ»û˿Ժ࿹⣡
국
࣬Ȼֵأˡ¶ԣžȻָʹӣʵǲ򵥰ţտ»Ϊǵĸ֮
ʱһͻȻž¡ϵ󽫾ͻȻڵ
ǣˣҲպˣ
ȻһЦΪ
ˣѵӳ׼һ˹صȥӣô˵Һ˹ص൱궼ԭѧϰҵĽ̻Ҳӵѧ͵ִ֮ɣ

һδ䣬һ˹صͷѸȥ
⡭
ȵȥͻȻڵ
죬ѵǱһҲһݡǱߣһ̰ɣ
仰һʯ㴣ﲻȴ¶һ˿Цݣ
ȥ죡

Ҳ˻ĵĶӳ͢徶ֱص˸ۡһƬ꣬ȴһƬƽ
㲻̫⡣һ취ʥʡ򿪾е⣬Ϊ˴ơûЩ¤ڻһƬΣЩر£˶ġ
ҵĸ֮ۡУĴبڶ棬ǡֵ̫ƽˣԽôƽبоԽǵǡ
֮ս˹֮սٵݺ弸˳ڣͻȻ֮䱻ȵףҺпķҲب浣Լֶܲˡ
Ͼϲ̫죬κ˶пܲˡο廹ֻʮ̫꣬ᡣ
Ǻǣ󲮣֪ʲô㲻صңһԶԸˣ
嵭
ĴŽգһƬžبԲֶ֮ˡ

ĻبҲֻг̾һ
ʵҲظԼôѹǽ֮ңµЩƸһӲԲҲ㹻Ƕ룬ʵƽ²£ӳ͢;֮ҲδǺ¡٣һ㣬ҲôΣա£Ѿˡ˵ģҵҲ㹻ˣ
Ŵ󲮵ĵӣͻȻӹůκʱ򣬼˾Ǽˣ塣һڳеľԼӡУҲһǼҵΪƣΪ͢Ϊ
Сڵɽĵһ̹ٵʱ򣬴ȻһϵܺãʱҲŭһ٣û
ԼھֺУǻ죬˸۲۵ӵܣܾ󲮵ۣҲϵ
ڣΪԼȻ˵ӳ͢;ҲδǺ¡Ѿˡֻ֪һжôĲס
󲮣лл
Ե
ͱ뿪д˷䣬ȻִҲ˺ܶ࣬һɲипѡԼ˳ãӴԺϵ¾ֻп󲮺֧ˡ
һɲǼ䣬۾һգܿѹ
ˣ
ͻȻڵһ䣬Ӱֵӥȸ
ұǱô˵
屳˵
⡭
Ļӥȸж¶һ˿Ȼɫ
֪˱Ҵ׷뿪ǣǶϾϵ˹ȥȴܶ
ƵʱҴŵѪζһ׷ӿһʧƣǧָұ׷֮ȥӥȸ߲ѡ


1310 ֣
Ǻǣȥɣ
Ц˿Ϊ⡣
ΪˣůЩѾôˣҲϵС
ʣ¶ˣ
ƽ
߰ʮ˼ң
ӥڵ
ЩǺǺܾõĴң
Ŷ
֣Ϊ⣬Ҫࡣ
Ϊʲôû뿪
ҲʹǣǻشĿãһʱĲҲ㲻ʲôҶһ죬үᶫɽ𣬲ҵϸߵλá
ӥ
ǣ¶Ϊɣ
ʧЦȻô˵ţȴůůġ
ʱ򶼸ߵģѡ
ԸȥǣÿҸһϼĴʱ󣬵ҵĸۡµĶҪˡ
忪ڵ
ǣү
ӥæ
ȸ׼һ£ӽˮ׼ôãڿʵˣҪҵİȥ֪ͨǣ׼һݺͬÿǩЭ飬Բй⣬кǺң׼͵ϲֿ⣬ʳǰӽˮºĹ򣬻ش档ֻǴƣǻҪܱţиʳģδЩ˵ˡ
ˣ
仰ӥȸһ𣬼Ǳܵ˶оһɰصΣ
˵Щ˵ˣû֪ʲô˼˶оóһ׼ʲôһҪ飬ҪȻҲҪôҴ
Ҫɽ֮Уزֿ⡣
ܲף˭Ҳûжʡʲôʱж֣Ƕỳɡ
⣬պɽҵȱ𣿡
ʵ
ǵģ
սѾţ׼ʱͷ
ӥڵ
ƻı䣬ǣطǴеֱȱ£ϰͺķһ߰ͺķӺɺļ䵽ȱڣѵ𡣡
߸֥󽫾͸Կ֮취Ӱѡ׼ȱѵµİӡ

һ裬һǰ΢գĿޱȡ

ӥȸͬʱӦ
ѾݲԼˣӴӳ沵سɺһ֪ʥԼеıѾͨʵֵġ
ڳõԼһ̣˵ʤ˵ֺγһֽѡ
˵Ҫݣ£ֻг͢һѡ
Լûеõ֧֣͢żǧ͸Ҹϣһǧƽûдӳõõκ֧֣͸Լ취ļʮ˹
Ҫȴƣݣֻһ·
ȻǱвֻͨ߾ȹ
ȱں֮أ֮ڣ˶ٱҲܳ͢ϽۣҲ֡
Ȼ͢ҪþҲ޷ֹôںΪƹһߣԼĿǰΨһġ
ȥطóıؼҵĻͰᳵ·ȱڻ㼯⣬ѾʹСɵĹˣǵĹ֮нһ»أһǶԿ˹ˣҲѵܹ͢ߡȱۼ̫ıֳﶨ񲻶̫ߵġ
ӥȸ𺳲ѣȻʹСɲ̸һ;»أǶ֪
屳˲ûйĽͣǮʹĥСɹﶼŸԵĹǡĹǾǽߵ˹ص۹
ʷϣܵ˹عͳεĴƾŸıŵټ֮ǰúԼƽ𿪵ֱ˫ĵطһ޴Ϊľ»ء
ŵĳ£
⣬֪ͨϷе촬ңһṩƽҪҽһǧҴǵ¥ͼֽѾṩˣЩٶɡõңܴõһǧĽ
ƽ
ⷬӥȸ࿴һۣʦͽ˫пͬ𺳡
һӴ֣ôӴʽ𣬾ԻöϷе촬Ϊ֮
һӴңһҵҵʮƽѾǺܾˣṩӴĲƸκҴ嶼Եֿġ
ү᲻̫ˣ
ȸԥһµ
Ȼɺ֮սӴʳʵϣķҪ˴Ļƽ𣬲൱һֶˣƽһϵ˵ҲǸСĿ
ЩǮֻлȥãδҪ¥Щ¥ֵƽ֮ϡ

Щ¥ƻΪ׼һ˿ңҪЩ˳ȥҲҪ¥
ǣ
ӥȸͬʱӦ
һһ岻ϵķֱС֮ӥȸŴķ뿪ܿ죬ŸҸۡϿճһֻֻ˴ų˷
ʱ仺ȥеһжɵĽС
䣬屻֮ĳͻûԽԽرǹ˽ļûʥԴ򿪾е鴫ȥ󣬸ڮٵǵء
͢İģǶ˰ɣ˰ɣļıܳһǧļıѹ˽£ûбֵı֪١̫ƽʢҪļôʲô֪ΪʲôҪдǿȨ˰ɣ
ӣظٳûʥʵȻԴ򿪴Ƶľе⣬ʥʺķʮѪɵľе⣬աлʥʥ϶Уﻹ𣿡
˽ļΥÿе⣬ʲôӢۣһҰĲͼı췴ɱħҪսҪ´սУǲǰӣ

ʦһ¥Ⱥۼǵأȫڮ١
ǲҪ˵ˣ֮սͱگ˹ռˣ²֪Ҫս𣡡
ȺУżԵҲܿ챻ȺûӰܿͰЩƳȺ
ಣȺմﵽ߷壬˶ŭţַʱ򣬼Ӱ¶ЦݣѸٴȺ˳ȥھʦĽ֮ת˼Ȧ֮󣬶ȻһգϢĽ뵽һ֮ۡС


1311 ڰʱ̣һ

ۡĴϷɷ裬д֡
鶼𣿡
ƹ谵һӰ¶һΣյϢһۣվϷƺѾȴһˡ
ص£һжѾˣھʦɱħѪħͷǣϡѾûʲô֧ˣ
̽ӹڵϹ
ûб˷ְɣ
ٴε
ûУǷǳСģȺǻ˹غ͸߾ˣҲ˲лˮ㣬ۡ⣬֮⣬ٻУ
̽ӵ
Ŷ
Щ⡣ǺܿعЦ
ãùǣͽǽƣƹ˴СǰôˣǲҲˣ
ⷭ⣬¶һ˿Цݡ
屻ټӳ棬ֱӸ嶨ԣǧѷĻᣬҪѹԸңȥĸ󻼣õĻᡣʱôܻ侮ʯĻᡣ
ߣ壬ҿô죡
عڰУ͸׺ݵĹâ

ʱһȥҸ֮ۡУ屻˱Ȩ֮Ͻ뿪ۡµʱ䣬ڼ˼ˣеһжɵؽšһͨǡȸ˲ϵĴȥ
ˣǧѾ˳ʻӦ֮ءҲ½½¥̳
ѾرĴ˾Ƕǳ⣬Ҵ˾Ϣ˵ŴˣҲôЩȥ⣬Ҳǿ
鷿Ѧǧͦżż㣬ǰĻ㱨ԣȸǵͨͨڡ
ţ֪ˣҴǱأ
˵ͷĿһתһԵǡ
֮ǰԼеҶϸִ˱Э飬ϷݿѾȫϢֲӽˮ˱Ϊˮ㣬ϵεԭ̫ʺֲ⣬طٶӽˮ鶼ͨҴӰɵģûͨٸܶ˸ֵ֪ӽˮ
⣬ټ˴ĹǰڵһͲֿ⣬ѾȫɡĲֿҲ֮УڣӦþͿԽɰϡҪǣᵽ¶ȺʪȣǻЩףȻĻԼӴȡ
ǳ
˵ͷϱΪʳȱ󱻱ƵɽˮĵزŻս˳ʳ׼ôһжȻͬҲΪ˶Կǳƽ٣׼ҪĴʩ
һĻ㱨ȵˣһԵ
Ǳôˣ
ԭջһƬĻôһɲǣ˵鶼Ȼ
үǱߡ̫ãӵĻӰܴ󣬲֮ǰǺ͹顯Ӱ컹ǺܴȻ˶ǣȻ൱һֵ֧ǣԴƵĲþԼܱĵ֮ĺƽ衣
⣬մ˵ķԸѾ齨Լ̺ӡˢ֣е嶼ӡˢǱ߶Ӱ첻󡣡

˵ͷЩ仯֮СӡΪҾ䣬Ӱ˶ԹģһϦ֮䣬֮ǰŬȫȵסеֹ̣ͣ
ʼûзϣǵĿҪʱ䣬ԡӡɽֹĴڣҲ˿ûá
ȥɣ
ջĿ⣬רעǰֽϣߣд¡̡ǿȨս֮ۡ׼ĵ飬սƽڣ˼Ͻľ顣
սƽԵľڵı֮Լ۵ġսǺ͡顣
սƽԶبŲ⣬飬ͻ᲻ϵĳִִִ֮֮ԶͣЪսƽǶΪսĿģΪ˺ƽ
ޣս޲ˡ
ֻðԶһ㣬սΪƽ񣬺ƽҪ˫Ŭãĺƽֻܱ뵽ã֮СֻһǿĴƣܻĺƽõҸͰ
Ȿڶûд꣬ļƻУٻҪɡ
䣡
鷿ڳԪ׼ת뿪ʱͻȻһ춯صľ죬Ҹۡ⴫ӵͻȻʱע⡣
ô£
üͷһ壬̧ͷ
鷿ѾߵſڣԪɫ䡣
ˣٹþˣкܶӵܣԼʱһȥ̤棬Ӧ׼һ͹ȥˡ
æ
ԣٻʮ죬㾩еʿһ̶Ҳֻǰ죬ôã
ԥ
仰ɫ䣬һȺ˻Ȼ֮䣬ǰǾʦӵܣ̾û֪ģʿ֮Ļָơ
ڵ˵ܹƭù
ˣֻһЩ·ȺȥӦúܿ͹ȥˣ
ʱڵһ˵һӣҲȥ˭ֻҪƬʱͿԽͨͨ롣Ȼǻǵ͹ķչŸոտ鷿
ҵԺǽ⣬˹һ
ɱħ
һޱȣĴ˶С
ԣǣԪң
һëʶվ
ǵ˻һ꣬˵ȫò԰ޱȡ
ƻϲϱ仯ԭŽȻû뵽ôͳ׵ı¶ˡ
ˣ鲻齻ǣϾȥã
ԪæŲȣȻâһһӰѾӷ߳ķȥ
ʲôϣ
һĻǵ˵ɫѿޱȡ
ԽԽҲԽԽӡ
սħͷ
۾ϣ޿⣡
ǳ

һЪ˹ϵĴҵԺǽ⴫ǷڵҸۡۼȺ½ǧ֮ࡣ
ǣԪǸҹ
ɫһ仰ǣԪæǰ˶ɫ㷣
Ǳߵʲô

ˣǱȷʵӰܴ󣬵ȴǻк֧ܶǡ
԰ɫ
ֵزˣǻ𣿡

˵ɫ԰ײѡ


1312 ڰʱ̣
ˡ
һǳţ˵Щʲô
˵ʵ
üŭޱȡ
ˣȷʵǱ߶ǵӰеĻҪö࣬ܶطǣټƲڵμ䲻ֹۣ
ͳޱȡ

ɫ
Ϊ͢òڸн£еϢֻܿǣû뵽ô飬ǾȻԼ
巢ŭ˶ǸôãûмԲ·𣬺ȻĴŭˡ
ˣǵѾȫֹǣû˸׵ңȻ齨µ֣Լӡˢӡˢ飬һûȥ


ھʦԴ˷ǳʱ䣬ѾʮದȺǸۡУȫǰɢˡһΣ֪ǳǱǳʲô©ʹЩͻƵǸŵ˴ˣ
һ͵͵̧ͷһ
⣬ǸոյϢ˹ص۹ͻʺǱߣΪţԭеĻ϶þ򣬲ҽ߽һʾƺƽĳ⡣Ѿڳд÷зҳ͢յ˹رºʹ˽ţָ˹ظΪУеһжǴ˴ʹս֮У

⣬֪ﴫϢ˵ǴһҪսĿǰںͱᣬҪδʳ飬ٴ׼˹ءͻʡ߾گս
һԣǲ
ʲô
仰͵۾ʱ˼ûк³йκϵû뵽Ȼᴫҥԡ
ˣϴѾˣֻ롭
ˣ
û˵꣬ˡ
˫գվþò̶ֻһεʱû뵽ʦеȻ񻯵ֵز
ţ
ܿ
ˣ
ˣɣ
Ļд󼱣׷Ҫֹ
ʱ䣬ѾֹʮದʾȺ˶֪ڵжôļңԲʱȥ
ţ
ٴظɫ䣬ûء
ۡ⣬ԷŭȺƾЩֵסҲҪۿ׶񻯵ʲôزˣѾرܡʮˣԲܼرȥ
飡
ֻһҸۡĴţ⣬׵ش򿪡һż˳
Ȼ鷿ʱһϯֻд򿪴߳ȥʱ򣬲֪Ҹۡ⣬Ѿʲôزͺһ뵽һһޱ޼ʵ˴˷ϯȥֻȺ飬һͷ

ս
һ˻˷쳹ʡҸۡۼʾȺŮ٣ÿһ˶࣬伤
ŴжʮȫװһھȺЩŭģֲ书ͨȺڣЩҶ֡ÿһʵǿһȫڱľأʯͷ˷ЩвٵΧסǣʹߴ
Щոһñףֻ˫ֻסԼҪûҲûˡ
ס֣
һĻ̲סе

һŭھѷŭеȺĿѸע⵽˴Ӵ߳塣һɲǼ䣬е˲ʧ帮ۡĴǰѻȸѹѹһƬ˭Ҳûпڡ
Ƕȥɣ
忴ЩԼһⳡʸ޹أЩֻǴԼܹԼǸ뱻ΧŹľ档
Ǵˡ
Ϊ׵Ļ˵ʲôֻǰ˰־ʹ
ȥɣｻҡ
ʮһԥһ£˵壬żʧҸۡڡ
ڿϳˣ
ҰĵĻ쵰ô㣡
ôò¶棬ǲ飡ǿˣ

ܿ죬һŭȺдһ˫Ŀ޺޶壬ĿɱˣѾˡ
忴Щ޺޵Ŀ⣬ͻȻʹޱȡΪˣһֱ߲ϢΪľݣǰЩͨͨŮסԲں߹ٺ»ҲԲں͢ȥȨԲںңǧ塢塢ĺָ𣬵ȴ޷ںǰЩͨͨŮס
λ˵
һۡϷ졣忪ڣȺٴΰ׷׿
͵͵ͱᣬҪ͸ĵսǻǣ
˽ΥʥΪľս˽벻ǣ
ʲôǿȨѾþˣûпô㣬ԭֻΪԼ˽ͣ
㻹кλ˵

ȺУһе
˵ҴδٱԸĵսЩҥԡ˽ļӲ٣Υʥ˽Դ򿪾еҲ٣еһжΪ˱¤;ʦܣսϵ˲Ϣ䣬һеȵ͢ʥãһһأʱ־ãֹҪ򣬾ԼĻʼҾе⣬ᾡֻ֡Ҹ飬Ще֣Ϊʳãǰ򿪣
˫Ŀͨ죬޵ķ˿趯
еھоսӲκ˽ͣ飬Ѧǧˣûǽ͹һΣǰЩԱһϲͨͨڣȴһνˡ
췢ģΪеһУκε˽ģΥԣؿ
ǰһİף
һ䣬ҴǰѹѹȺʱޱȵļž
壬һֱ˵İҰģ˹صһβþʮ򣬵ڶֲþͻʵ۹һβþʮֲ֮ҪνͣڳҰ˵佫ΪսɴԻȡͣдǱǿȨƻģ벻ǣ
ȺУһӴŭȵͨ죬ɫһֱƭķŭ
ⷬз·˴һµĿģȻһ䣬ĻٴαɱˡЩһĴưգʹļ׵ĸо
λӻװѻϹԵѻɽ׻װϣԵϣӲ˵ʱ򣬻ᵹڵϣӥӥʱãֻΪյʤ˹ءͻʡ߾ǴƵĸ֮ǧܱĵһֱʹƳͻϡ


1313 ڰʱ̣
ÿ֮ʱ˹ءͻʻܱйԭ޶Ϲ˹زñֻǻ֮ưһʱ죬ضɽΪԭҲŰ

ˣ
ĻΧĵģţӿҲû
ɱ˴ħҲҪģ
壬ٷѾɱһѵ𣡷ҪֵʬҰѪɺӣΪһƬ֮ز佫䣬伫
֮ǰô㣬ġǿȨһһ飬ϧͷӷԭеһУȫ˽˽ļΥҪͼı췴Ŵˣ
壬Ұļң

ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ȺһɽХĹáٴηһ׷ŭ֮ûа֮ǰ˵ȥǵصáֻһϣ鴤
еѪѾƽĹáֻڵѪٴη
λ˵
廹˵ʲôǷŭеȺԼ
飡
֪ʯͷһ͵ĶͷȻվûһ¡
ˣ
һĻ󷽳Ԫǵɫ䣬æס塣
ˣ߰ɣھ۵ʱ򣡡
ǶԴ̫һ죬ǻ׵ģ
˼
飬˳סɲǼ䣬ʯӿΧڣĸˡ
ס֣Ϸл㣡
ʱͻȻһϵĴȺдһ̣Ⱥˮ˷ֿȺǰһŴֲ£ŹȣҰףаʮߣӺ󷽻
߶壬üŷŭ
ߣȺʱ׷һӰࡣĿ׷ͷҰףֲµߺʹǰ塣һЩӰ׷ȥó㹻ռ䡣
ʮϡʮ
ڴƣܻʮ֮ģǵ¸ܾ֮𾴡ӣˣĿ֮£ҲҶһʮ˶֡
壬ǽ֮ңǴƵүϷֻһҰͷӣȲ㡣б¾ʹϷ򣡡
Źǰ壬Ц
ⷬͻ嶼סˡ
Ϸʮ˲ͬϷǽʿǾʦˡ˵úãһһ㣬ϷͬϷ˰ʮ꣬ûк죬£ϷȰԼһһáһΣϷԶǧͶ٣ϵʦΪ˼һ棬֪Ϊʲô𣿡
еĹ͵ش
˼ңס֣
ڸʲô
һԣǵ־˭Ҳǰ˵ǰһ¡ʮ˾𾴵һˣ˭ҪǸҶһ£ǧָ۹ûǵ֮ء
Ͷ˭ҲҶүӣֻһǰӻס壬үһҹô
ǣÿ
ʱһĿǰͷҰף޲Բԣû˿书ߡԼԸָĶ֣ΨûԼԵľȻһͨͨŭɫĴߣǧټҪһˡһɲǣֻѪңȴʲôʼйȥ

۷ʲô飬嶼⣬ΨߣҪĻ֪е뷨˽ΪʲôԼ˴ķŭ
ĻһȻвԸǶ˸Ұ˿Υ档һɲǣһһףֻһԡ
ߺߣСӣϷջһͣʶ㣬ͷֻҪùʲô¡¶ܼˣϷǵһμϷ˲һˣҪôΪ㣬ҪôΪҪ췴㣬Ϸǣ
Цһ˵ţһߴӻͳһžһǰƤϵ֣˶ɫһ䣬˶ʱ꣬ɫ԰ޱȡǷƤֻд˼֣ġǿȨ
һɲǣз·ʲôʲôû˵ֻǲ԰ɫǰߡ
ǿȨͷӳջһͣûм˸ö֮ĽӡƤϣ¡ﲻ˵ǣǳԹ㲻ǹĴʲôǿʳ֪֪ѧ˵Ҫʩ£ʲôӣ
ͷ֪ǽң书ܸߣͷӰͷӻ˼ʮ꣬ûʲôȻԼǶԵģȻǿȨͷӰ
˵ţһ٣۰ڶ͵سһ̤˹ȥޱȡ
岻ң
ɫһ䣬ʶȥһ̡
ž
һϣһͻҪ˵ˣΧҸۡΧڶˡ˭Ҳû뵽߻ᵱ˵棬ݺݸһơ
ˣ
ɫ󾪣ֱʱŷӦ赲֮䡣
ЩСӶÿ
ߵĿʼϣͷһȴһߴһ
Сӣ壩Ϸľ㣬ССͿԴûмʵѧȴ˵ʩ£ѧ˵ʩ£лǱ֮ǲ壬ȭͷǵû飬ĸѵֱĸ׾㸸ײѵ㣬Ϸǽѵ㣡ҴСӣ
һһ߾еĹȣƹǼȥɫȻ󣬵ÿһ¶îȫͺѵĳʮ֮ͽһ㡣
ˣ
ǰŭڵߣ۾ģһɲǣĶϺȣͺסԼһ㡣һǣħһ㡣
ܹоõǰûܵκ֧֣˵ÿһ仰ÿһֶǷԷθ뷨
һ̣ԺһƬհףʲôҲֻܿߵһһϣ˷·ʧȥһ㡣
үȥﲻٴˣסλ˼ң
ǰԽԽԽԽڵȺǳһԵԽԽ
ҿ쿴ɱħҪɱ
ǵǰȺͻȻԭȺͺ̼ܵһ㣬ٴηһȺ鼤׷ǰӿȥ
ǣ
ôѵĸɱ𣡡

Ⱥŭȣһ˲䣬ʯٴδ˷˹飬ܼʯ깥ǵ˸Ҷֻֻ֣סͷӲס˵ʯ깥


1314 ᣡ
գ
ʱͻȻһٵԶԶԶģֻһ˸˴ڿзսĳǷ˾սʿ
͢Ͻڴ˾ۼǷ˾ڴˣͳͳɢ
һ㣬ڿлص
ˣ֮ڣڴ˾ۼҾʦһץã
¡
Ƿ˾Ĵ죬ôƬ̣ΧһƬž漴˷׷˷ɢȥ
Ƿ˾ڹϽʦάʦȨڳǷ˾ıǰȺܿɢ
ˣ
սգһųǷ˾׵ĽѸٳݹҸڵĴǰͣ£ǽժͷ¶һŲеӣĹø֡壬һǸ⣺
˲ӣ͢صص˳Ƿ˾ıҲʱӵȥû뵽뿪һͳ£
ڴſڵĳǷ˾ָģ֮ǰһֱûӡһӳôˣڱָȥ׷ǵʱ״
ɫ԰ף˿ʧһ㣬ǳԾ
ȥ
룬ִǡѦǧȸӵ壬żҸۡȥ
飡
ոտżûԶͻȻ飬һӰľ׮һ㣬صģֱͦͦĵ¡
ˣ

һĻ˴ʧɫֻϣɫףؽҧ˫ȭգڵһѱչȥ
죡
д
ִһ֣̿һѱϵ壬Ѹŷȥ

壬ΪеζΣ
ڰУһЦһֺɽ壬Χ޾ʬƵѪϪһմ׹⣬һ΢ֵӰֳĳǹںսףվڸ߷϶ԼЦ
£ӢۣԸ𣿾ƴȫ޻ҪҵУ
ˣ
ɽЦ쳹¡
ɲǼ䣬ѪҺӿѪ˫ۣûκεԥս˫ȭҲĳɽǵ΢ֵӰ˹ȥ
һû䣡ɽ
Ȼûȥ¡¡һǻֺɽ壬Χ޾ʬɽѪ˲ʧֻʣ޾ĺڰޡ
ɱ
ͻȻ֮䣬һɱ춯أյңʼ΢ɲ죬̶ʱڣ͵ضҡսʿŽף˻ţţ߾ŵǧ򣬴߲ȥǰȥ
Զ׷ˣ
Ϊ˴ƣ
ɱ
һĺɱݼѪҺڣıɽҰ
㱼䣬ֻص˵ھսԿЩߵʱ
ɱ
ֻȫѪҺڣϵһĳһ̣ṳ̂ȥͻȻһֻѪ۵֣ӵץסҽš
ˣûǵģ˶ˡô֣Ļ𣿡
ͷŷֵʬۣȫǸԼսսʿԼ£һԼսĽ죬Ѫ߰ߣ¼ײƣͷԼɫ԰ףһ˫ƣУ͸¶ľ
ˣô𣿡
ûǵģûǵġ
һɲǣ˷죬ŽǾףģһɲǼ䣬תվȫ亹乡
µĻ֮Դ
һڶ漴ɳǧ
¡
ͻȻ֮䣬ر漴޾ĺӿһɲǼ䣬͸оԼһľͷһ׹ޱ޼ʵĴ֮Уˮ˷ѹ䡢أָоֱϢڰУ͵һ˴˹ţڶһصľ˴˷һһδ
ڰ䡢ָоһɲǣоǰδеĹ¶
Ǵ˵ôˣ
ڰУһǵ漴һ̾
үǻڣ˼ᣬƽ
ûпүǰҲɡҿѪң

䣡
գ֮䣬һǰһбٴʧ
ֻǰĳͣ仯ΧһǵصĴһǿޱȵĺޱߵˮ֮Уϵس١
ӡӡۡһɲǣۻһ㣬Ӱ׷׳ǰڣ峹׻˹ȥ
ʱ˿̣ҸۡУܲһƬء
ķУ³ĴبҶϡϵͳͳڣ齵ԱߣĸĬĬĨᡣܣһѾ߿Ŵֽһ壬ĬĬĴᡣ
һĻжһƬȻǶյϢææϹģؽյ壬жһƬΡ
˵Ĵƣһ˵ġϣǹ¶ģŬƴһһεͼⳡذܵľ棬ıµġϣһ¶Ķʿ³ֻˣûṩ̫İһϣÿһ˶жΡ
⺢ѾԼˣĴĺܴ󡣡
ȥˣӦʲôʲôѹ⺢ӵļϣҪˣҲʮ갡
ûκΰ취֮ףµĻȨȵ۶мӣڴ󲿷˶֧ˣ

һƬͳ˻࿴ŶԷ˭˵Ĳҩҽڵѷǽ߾ȫҲ޷ı˼ġĵģǴʱÿһ˿Ŵף˵ü䶼͸һŨŨĳơ
ⶼѾˣûа취κ𣿡
һԣĴبһʰҩҽͻȻڵ
ûа취֪үʲôмʮټᣬԲŻ֮СĲҩҽҪүָһֻܿԼˡ
ӹҽҡͷ̾Ϣ仰һƬնȻࡣ
գ
ʱ򣬽һɫٻӰͻȻˡ˵ĿУٵлۣһ·ߵĴ齱ߡ

٣жһƬȻٺ֮ĹϵѾܣÿһ˶֪λҵС㺰ʱ䣬˲һΣ٣һ֮оΡ
һҪע壬Ҳܵĵġ
һԣĴبο֮⺢࣬ҲѪ㡣
Ȼ˿̵ȴδţɫ԰ףѾλˡΪ˴ƣ弸ƴȫһ¶Ķʿزͣش𡢲ʱ򣬾˾ǸɵӣҲǡǡĵط
塣
ͻȻĶͷһ£
㲻ģΣԶҪ䡣
Żе壬ٵ¶ԵЦݡ
ˣ
˵ĿУԭޱȵϢһɲǣٵĻһ˵ĺͻȻȶ˲١
һĻ˶סˡ



1315 ĵ
ʱ˿̣ʲôҲʲôҲֻ޾ı𣬻кڰ
㲻ģ
ΣԶҪ䣡

͵ڱ֮гٵʱͻȻһһһ飬ϵԺһɲǣںڰֵޱзһƬ½أͻȻƽ
٣
³֣ʲô֪ˡ

ֻһֺͣһ΢Ŀڴޱߵĺڰѹ
ˣ
۾ĸһѱס壬̲ס
ĸף󲮣
忴ǰϤӹů
ˣ
һԣĴبҲڵߵ齱ߣ͸ġ
΢΢ĿһɨͿϤӰǣȸͨͨڣ˿壬оϲйУиĲΡ
ˣˣ
ɫȻܲҲȽܹǴӻ֮ѹˣʱõϢˣжһƬϲá
Ƕˡ
忴˵˵ͷ
үԲ𣡡
ӣһƬΣ
ǣҲᣬҲŪˣ
ǣʲôϵأʼնԼˡ
ҡҡͷɫȴǳԤϵƽ
ȻƽɫĸףبǣѦǧˣзԽĵġֵ̫ƽˣеӡ
ȻȴûиѯʵĻᡣ
ĸ״ˣһԵʱ䣬ʲô𣿡
³ˣҶϣͨͨˡ
ĸ׿ڵǼһ˿Цݡ
ܿͷӦԵĸףܿϾ¶һ˿Цݡ
֪ڵʲôİɣûµġ
䣡
˵ʱͻȻһڵԶԶĴҵĸۡ⴫˶ɫһֻֻգ۾ɫ糣
ȿȣŸոѣӹǻʱúϢ¡ãȳȥóһ
بһĸ׵һ˵ţһ߳һԵǣ˴ɫ
嵱ԣģȺĿ飬˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô
үǾˣ
ǵл֣̿ǲæȥ
ţ
ֻ΢΢˵ͷʲôûû˵
һɲǼ䣬еӰȫɢĸɸɾܿ죬ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ڵܿ찲ȥ
ڴϣ֪˶ãƵ齱ߣվ
⣬ܲһƬ谵
Ŀգþò
Ȼ嶼ûע⵽Զһ˫۾͸ҵĴӣԺǽһϣĬĬ
ಣ
ֻһգۣǵӷȥ˸ʧ
һ·صĽȥֱȷûб˸ٺǵӰһֺĸۡǰһԺǽһ۵ĺ˽ȥ
һƵͨȥһƬڰһӰĬĬصȴš谵˵ӣȴԼϵš
ӰһϮͷñһվ¾͸һޱȨƵζȻλǷ
ˣո̽ˣСӣƬ֮ǰˣ
ǺӰڵϣ
ˣ
Ӱ䣬ڵնʱȻһ䣬ýţһΣյζ
Сӻû𣿡
ڰУǴͷӰͻȻ۾͸һŨҵɱ
ע⵽Ȼѹȴ󲡳һ㣬ɫ̫á⣬̽βҽҽ˵ڵңϰ֣ʱΣա
˹ڵϵ
Ŷ
˵ĻӰ΢ƺкࣺ
ϰ֣ã֪ͨЩˣõǳˣ
˵ޱȣϢͬһ㣺
Сӣ㻹󰡣СС;ѾһƬңӶŪˣʱգǻˣȻ㲻ʶʱֻһˣ
ģǹڵϵĺˣɵûĴ˸
ȻֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ǴͷӰʧˣµĺҲʧ١

ҴŽգԴ屻ȥ˹ְұ֮󣬳͢ٹټƵУԶԶıܿҵķΧҵĸۡ⣬еһһ뵽óǷ˾֪Ȼ޷ȫ
֮ۡУȴ·ȫһУڸйƽ͢飬飬ŵͨͨˡڸУÿԷȲ裬˯ĹɣҺ֮Ҳ˵Цһ
ڸУҲӲ̸κ볯йصȻ˰һпзԽĵǡ
Ҷôˣ
Ҹۡһ䷿ĸף󲮣ǵͨͨڣÿж͸һ˿ǡ
үһпҲƽˣ鲻ĻԶܺõˡᣬүֻµʱΣգ
Ұ׵ҽ̾Ϣ
ʹڣƣΪҽҪҽεĲֻͨĹŮѾߣӣ书Ļӣ֣֣дƵⷽЩҽͬǷ
ҽĻ˶üͷü¶ĵǡ֮ӰԶǣ㣬ʲôܺõĽ취
һʱ䣬˶Ĭˡ

ڷǵʱԶԶأ鷿֮УһԺһӣȻ
ǰһִֽ̯ëʣֽĻš
磬ȫӰ졣
;⣬һꣻɳŸ輯Ӿ
һӽʫҲ￴ģֻ֪뵽ʲôдʲô
Ǿô飬дּ̫¼ʱǰ׾ӣɣǶһ˪ζȣأһƲһ絶һ㡣
ڸнÿͨ鷨ʱ䣬磽
͡ࡣһգǧԾ𣬾Ӱ赡
дȥƺȫ˱µ鷨֮С
ǽǣǡȻʱҮԻ֮Ƕǣֶ֣֮
д䣬ͻȻ֮ͺʲô̴һ㣬꣬еëͻȻӦϡֱһɲǣŻȻ֣дĲʱκһʫڼһдµһƪ¡


1316 Ľᣨһ
δ
Ѫˮֽϣһһ㣬һһΡͷʱŷΪʸ˴ƣѪ£ȴо˿ʹ·ǱʸĲԼƣǱ˵һ㡣
Ѫˮδ𣬿ֽϡ֮Ƕǣֶ֣֮֡Ÿоһ׶ĵĴʹƣС
һֱΪԼˣѧȻ͵Ȼ֮ǿ֣еͨ۹ͬʹʧˣǲصĸˡ
ջƣȥѪĨϴҩ˿ڣһëʣдͺʲôûзһ

ʱһĹȥգ֮䣬ʱ䣬ֻʣ°ˡ
ĶúССҲӱ߽ˣҶϲ࣬ڸۡеĳҲϢ
ԷԷԷ
ҹĻ٣ҵ߹ңŵϲʣϲ˶ۼһá֮УһĲһ·ȥ˸ɽ亣ζζȡڴĵ£ÿ˶Ц档
ҲֻгԷʱ򣬲ϲ죬֣ȫһеʱ
׼ˣ
ĸ׵λãЦ档£壬ұǶãȻӵĩβСС¡
Ҫ



С·Ƶĳӣ쳤ˣͣϼжѸóԵĲ˷׷׼еԼĲ˶ѵñȷˣҲġ
ˣٲģ
˿ЦáΧ˶ǹЦˣССԶǻɣ֣ҲڵġûôෳգҲ㡣Сİôû
Ǿǳԡ
˶ԼӣСθڵĳԡСԴ뵲ţˡ
СԶ꣬Χһڡ
ѽô£ϲļôûΣ
ͻȻСһ鼦ȣͣüͷ壬ǲˡ
Сãˣΰ
һףԼСãʧЦһ˵ţһ߰һ鼦ͷеռиСԸһ㶼û䡣ѾһˣҲûʲô⡣
ҸеĳӣĶʦĴܻ᲻ΡСȫں֡
ûΣûΣûΣ
СĹĵĴд£һ˵ţһðеĿϡ
СҪ֣
ϣһĻĸһԣĶҲõüͷСԼĸײͬõĿҪɱĶࣺ
ԣ͸ȥ
㶼ңûк֣ûΣţԼ
СʹüͷĿˣһҲûõ˼
𣿴С㣬ԡ
СһԣǵΪ˻գҲ˿ӣԼһ鼦ȣ⼦СҶģʱȻⲻһԡ
ֻһڣǵüͷ
ôˣѵҲԲζ𣿡
ҡͷʧЦ
Сú֣ʱҲֺ֣üС̫ꡣ˭Сأ
ãûΡ
ǿ壬Щԥ
֣
ҡͷЦá
һԣԽԽȥмȡʱһյĽŲͻȻ𣬾ĿУиʳĳлһֻӣææ˽
ϷˣүүʵǱǸոճ˵ʱ򣬳˵ӡСϲԵĶͥȻûмΣͱ˶˳ˡȥظϷˣʵǶԲ𣡡
ϳһ˵ţһ߶˹ϵʢż룬Ҵҵȥ
ˣ
һɲǼ䣬žеĿ׷Ϸߵ壬һƬ̡뼦ȣÿ˶ˣûκεζΪʱ䲻ŵζ
ȴƺȫԲ
һɲǣ˵鸴Ӳѣ͸¶ǡѾȥһʱˣÿ˶ΪѾˣѾ˳ϵ£ƽʱ򣬿СҲ˵Цƺûˡ
ֱһ̣˲ŻȻһиȫͬ
ûе
мž˵ǵĿ⣬ͻȻʲôϵЦȥһֱڽأû뵽ַʽչ¶ǰ
ףҳȥߣ
վ¿ӣûнʲôȻܿ˵Ŀ⣬ƽ˳ȥ󻹴СĽ¡Ҿ˵ûΣǶšûҡ߳䣬һӭ洵ͻȻġ
Щ飬ΪѾƭùˣƭԼϵߣһ᲻ĽȥȻչ¶һǡ
岻˵ģҲ˹ǡ
ֻЩ飬ܹͻ
벻ףҲʧ˷򡣾һƬڰҹ֪ʻη
ˣүķҵ
뿪֮󲻾ãһѾͻȻǰ̯ƣгһѪ߰ߵıһ֧ϳɫëʡëʣĸ׵ɫͻȻ԰˲١
ĸףȥ
ĶͻȻվ
ˣһ˾һɡ
ĸҡҡͷѾԹˣе˭Ҳˡʱ䣬ֻ취Ҫݼڸв̸κ볯͢йص¡ҽ˵ģ⺢ӵĲչֻܿԼȥ

ҹɫžһڸжߣƹĸڵĵطڸƫƧ÷֡ȡмɽߣתһȦһȦȻеʹû˿滺ԽԽᡣ

ȻһԺǽͣһŲڳҵķ֮Уҹʱÿط˴ʱÿδʱһ㶼˽С
ǰҸۡˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬˵ע⡣
ǲ𣿡
ģҪ˵
һ˲Ÿո˵䣬ͱһ˴ˡһ·ŸнԶʧҹɫ֮СվȵعŷԼվһ¸߸ߵԺǽǰ
Ժǽ߸ߵģһɽһԼǰѹԼУһɲǣͻȻԼвһǿҵҪȥߵĳ嶯ಣһߣһƬҶһƮƮģԺǽϡ
վڸ߸ߵԺǽϣڰޱ޼ֻĵƻ˸һɲǣϤĸоٴӿһҶһƯ޾Ĵ֮Уںҹʧ򣬸֪Ҫʻη
ŤͷһֻۣԶӰ飬ѾԽԽԶг̾ϢһԺǽź˽Ȼ෴ķ򣬹¶ǰС
һӰĬĬעıӰܿǱУȥ


1317 Ľᣨ
һҹӭ洵һڽĿĵţ֪ԼҪʲôҲ֪Ҫȥֻֻ֪вŻࡣ

ҹдĹͣŮ˵СĬĬǰţûκ˵ע⡣
ףԲ𡭡
ھ벻ԶĵطڰУһڽֱߣһյƹţƮӵĽ̸
ҴˣҲøΪǸӢۣΪǶԵġ벻ֻǸҰĲͼıĻ쵰
ˣ
ⷭ͵һϣֻ͵ֻ߬һĴʹ
һжȥˣûиҹĳ׾ͺãҶû뵽οء
϶׵һǶԸӵĴ⾭ǰȥ
ҹ䣬ڽϸо⣬ʱ򣬽Ѿûжˣ˺ܳһ·ûпһӰ
ڴʳǧѧˡʳĹ﷢Զţ֮ǰˡ
ڵĴʳ²мʮѧϰǴƵԣδܱеĺ˶Ҫ˵ǵˣ
ɲǣҸһھӵĶȥ˺ɺ⣬˵׬õǮ׬˭ԸսǸǵĻ
Ǿǣ

ҹǽ£һӰŽͰˢӣǽʲôһ˵ţһ߳Զȥ
ˣ
һɲǣ˭Ҳûע⵽վںڰ֮У˵ıӰɫ԰ޱȡȵ˶ѾʧˣǰȥֻǽһЩҵİģһЩķĵҵϢ
ͻʺѧöʮļңѧһǧˣ
ͻʺѧʮңѧǧ˰ˣ
¿м½׽ﵽ
߽ͥ磬͢ͻ飬˫ٴκһ

ǽҰģЩĵԱߣ忴һЩҰĲͬЩĵݼ򵥵öࡣ

ɱ˴ħ
ǿȨа˵

Щĵı߽߱ǽǶʪģȻǸոЩ˵ʱȥġ
ǽϵ壬ɫ԰ףָѪ˶֪ЩǽϵİģÿһֶһǥĴ塣
ҹУû˿ҲΪˣÿһ仰ÿһֶǷԷθһɲǣʹޱȡϢĸоٴӿ·ٴ뵽˺ڰĺˮ֮УôѲˣֻԽԽ
գ
ĽŲԽԽ죬һ˷ıߣΧһˮ㣬൹ȥ
ʱ䣬ᡢ볯͢ϵ飬ΪԼԵԽ֮ͻֱһ̣ͻȻֵЩ˿ڷҪԼĻҪʹöࡣ
ôһ·񱼣ãڸоЩƣʱͣ
ǰһƬİ֣Ҳ΢΢͸һ⣬ֱʱŷ֣ԼѾӳߵ˳ϡ
˭
ͻȻعͷĿ絶һ㣬һ֮С
Χĵģûκ
ôãҪ𣿡
ޱȣͬʱһţһУΪһƬӫ⣬ͬһ㡣

ҪֵʱͻȻһʮִ
ಣ
âһһӰͻȻïܵڵϡеĲͬ˲Ǻ棬ǴһɫĽۣؿϻһ֡
Ƕˣ
һ㵣û뵽Լҹ˾ȻǶˣȻԷûݣϵĽ£ͼǳ񣬸˵ϻһơ
£
Ҿһ̬Ϊ
²޶⣬ֻǷһģ

ⷬüͷһΪ⣬ǹɵ⡣
˹֮սܹɳǧʹƣǼİⳡսʤûôס
֮ǰͶܽƾһţͽԼǧغƷҲ徴岻ѡ
Ҳ˵ףү˾ˣ
ĻӻȡһɫƤ˫ֳţǰĵ˹ȥ
֪ˣл
嵭һ˵һ߽Ƿ˹
ȻĺͰʵûʲôȥݷʲôˡ
ˣ¾ˣشζҪ򿪿һ£
Ļ΢΢һһ˵ţһȥߵʱһе
ಣ
˽һݣѸԾң˸ʧ
忴ɫҲûжԶˡس̾һҲѸٻعҸۡԾȥ

ʱȥ鷿С
ϥһɹɰɫڶɫ󣬶ͷϸϸĺ飬֪˶ãһչ˵ɫʱ˲١
Ŵˣлˡų굤ȷʵЧ
忴ǰҽڵ
˲ؿ书ޱȣ츳ֻҪٵһʱ䣬ӦòͿԺˡ
ҽһʰҩ䣬һ߶ǰ
Ŵˣлˡ
˵ͷվһ
ܿ죬ҽҩ䣬鷿뿪ˡߵߣ̯һֽʼϰ鷨
ٹ죬µĽھ͹ˣʱ䣬ȲϳҲ޷ϰ鷨ͳʱ䣬磽ķʽ
ŴˣȮӵôˣ
֪˶ãרϰ鷨ʱһͻȻԶԶĴӶд
ĸף
һ˳
ϷˣѾү굤ˣķԸʱûиүʵ顣ȻүűеԽԽأϴȣүڵϢ࣬ɲ
취ŽүеᣬĽᣬֻԺһأʱϷҲûа취ˡ
һϤӶߴǸո뿪ҽ̸ĵص㣬˺ԶƺҪܿ塣Ϊܵÿ
ô죡
ĸȻ֪ǵ̸Զڣǡ
ǣǶãʱζκϢΪ˴ƣѾùˣҲǷ۹ʲô
ǣˡ
Сȥ
ıͣڿУһһɲǣ۵һ˿ӵɫ漴ƽֽϻ
ĲҩҽĲ˭ܹҽΣһ˱ڮٵʱ˭ҽ
ߣֽԽдԽ죬еķͲƽһɲƺȫֽϡãڷ±ʸˣ̫ʦһֻʱϲŻ¶һ˿ʹɫ


1318 

һӴӿݵ鼮ҲһɫĲᣬǲžһڵϡȥָһɲǣŻ֮ҹĻ
ڸûȤȥݷκˣҪżŻʱһ̣ԥһ£ķƤϵĻҳС
Ҳ޷
̾ϢһԹּؾصĸʽдģ
ξ£
Ϲᣬǹ֮ģɱΣģǷǶԴպԼξУ£ʮգҹʱڳС֣Էһۡʱǰ
У
΢΢üͷвһ¡ûʲô̫ݣֻĲȴЩ⡣屾ΪǶԼȥġڿȫˡ
֮Уִд»ûзδЩ֡
ʲôˣȻöдҶھʦ֮Уʲô飬Լ治ˡֺα˴ͣ
д˷
͸Ź졣дŵ˲ˣһֱ󣬶û˵ҪԼ˵ʲôˡֹŹֱֵδš
Ǻǣ
ҡҡͷһЦ׼Żȥ֮߸󡣵һ̣ĿƳĩβһ۵Ľɫӡǣͫ׶һͺһ͵ɲ
⣬ǡôܣ
Ķ½ǵĽɫӡǣ۵ĲšһŽɫĻ棬ͺһһڻ֮Уɫĸͷһʮﵡ
䣡
һգǼֻȫеѪҺӿȥԺһƬհס
ôǡǣ
һɲǣʱ䶼·ֹʯ䣬ͷԺӿҲ޷ƽδһӣȻܼҪӡǡ
һɲǣͻȻףΪʲôˣҲΪʲôʼղ˵Էݡ
ԼеġǡǵȻ˶ҲȻй¶ݡΪǵļСǸѾ磡
Աƽ
ΣһҪȥһ档

ʱӶգ֮䣬㵽Լʮա
ҹһƬڣֻȼǳҹ֮С
Լʱһ£ûоκˣϢķԺǽһ·˳ֵԷ
âһӰĵţƺѾкܾˡ֮ǰĻ
һģļ
үˣ
壬Ļ¶һ˿Цݣ
ɣ
һ䣬ŤͷԾңѸٳȥ˵εضѸٸȥǹУڼ˺ۣһ·ǰȥһƬĬ˭Ҳû˵ֻ¶һЩҹɵ
֪˶ãһƬڰǰһͣ
үȻǷôˣѵͲȥֻ߼ʲô𣿡
Ļعͷ
ûбҪȥɣ
һƽ
漴Ц
Ҳǣү书ôЩ
˵䣬һͷڰУѸٸȥһ̣һĹǰģѾƣһһУһڵϣϵҳ
ǣ
ھʦǰʮһֱӵܵЩƦй䣬ʦû֪ģطȫûʲôӡ
Ҳȫ֪ƬﻹһĹ
¡¡
˼ʱͻȻǰӵץסһöһһ̣һ޴ĵͨС
ڽȥ֮ǰмϣšһɶκ˽𣬳֪֪й֮⣬ٸˡ⣬ԺҲ̸£ȥǹˣҲԲϡ
ڶֻͨʹһΣһ֮󣬻ݣү㲻ȻʱүмǣԲǵݣǴɡүӦЩҾʹȥ
Ϊ׵Ķһ˵ţһ߳սʿ˸ƣһ̣֪սʿѣѸûʯȼ
ţ
û˵ֻص˵ͷ
Ϊ׵Ļһתһнӹѡ
ţκ˿ɣ
һ˵ţһѸֻͨƬ̣ĻѸʧ·
û˿ԥһߣһһ㣬սʿѸٸţ뵽˵¡
ˣôĸԷ£һըͨͺпܱڵصס
¼ֻͬҪǸ־ǵɽ𺣣ҲԥĸȥţǸɫӡǴŵȺˣԲԼκεļӺ֮ġ
һ·ӣܿĻ
һɹɵӭ洵һĽȥ⴦ص׵ͨеҪɾöࡣͨػأۣģ嶼ڵصб𲻳
֪˶ãеĻѿҪȼʱͣ
үˡǼλǰţҾͲȥˣ
ǰĻͻȻָͣһǰޱȡĳ̶ֳȣѾ𾴵ķ룬ﵽηͳݵĵزˡ
Ȼˣȴ˿֣ԼҪЩˣǾ𾴣Ҳ˿Ϊ
лˣ
˵ͷ˳ָķ˹ȥ
ͨһ֡Ȼ弫ƽǵҲ̲סмڿУѾŵһϤζһɾԶģΪѾζ
ĻѸٳǴڵĵطȥ忪ʼĲּֿ죬ǽأھǴ⻹жʮʱĽŲԽԽ
ӣ
ʱޱȣһֱеڴؾۣǵ˵صף˾ԽԽĵطȴ̲סûʧŻ˽Ų
У
һǿѹеƽǰȥ

ƿһӣ˽ȥǰľȻһСݣ⾩ʦĵͨУȻСݡСɸɾʯͷɵģһ롣


1319 صĻ棡
Сݿռܴ󣬵ڲȴܿտûʲôҾߡֻڷ룬̴ľ̫ʦΡһƬף̫ʦεĶ棬忴һµĲ硣棬Ż⣬͸磬ӳճӰһ𵶣ϿƺҲͬһ̫ʦϡ
Ȼţһȴһɽ׳Ϣ籩һ㣬ϱ䡣
ҲǾʬɽѪ֮ս˹֮ս͵ģԳƵϽս۵ǿڣϵѪϢŨޱȣǺһ⣬ƹҡҷӰȣ˲١
Ϣͷ·һƥʲôبǰһնơǼӰһǧεĶʹ򣬴ڵѾӲޱȡ
ǼȾ߱ķַ·һΰɽһ㣬˸ɽֹԵֵκεĳͶʹ
ϵѪϢ֮ȣͺ̫һ㣡
Ҫǣܸ磬ʲôҲѾȷǼӰǡǡһ֮Ϊ𾴣ΪмˡһɲǼ䣬вЩʪˡ
Сӣ˵ɱ˲գۣһɱˣ涼˵ɱ˴ħôӺɷôСŮһ޿ģ
ʱһޱȣȴ͸һβסĺ䶼
ϼһô˵ģҲЩС
ͬʱҡһ͸һľɣǣ͸һɸοĵ
ûϵλǰ˵ǣʧ̬ˡ
˲۾ܿƽΪָܱΪСŮ̬ȴ⣬ЩϤϤֻ̭ůܹǣѾˡ
һսڣѾǲжûǵĽ̻ѵˡһźǱȥûǿݵϣǵڴˮԾӿۿߣֱ˻ȥ
Сӣ֪ϷΪʲô𣿡
ͷǴŴЦ
˵ڳ˵ίİ˵ɱ˴ħôܲˣ
ûС
ҡҡͷ
ûоͺãϷ˵ڴίСӰӺɷܵίôǻǽ޺֮ڱ˵ɱ˴ħӵ꣬ǵø˸ҹɡϷɱһΪɱΪۣɱðΪۣɱԽ࣬˲ŻԽη˵ɱ˴ħ㻹ʲôģ
ǴǺľĿУͺõһ㡣
֪ڣ
˵ǵǵٴ͸һֵζ
ԼͰˣҪ̻Сĩ꣬˭֪ħСӣ˵ϷҲ˵Լ˵ģɷֻҪͿˡڮٻ޹ؽҪǿǿϷ书Ҳﵽܸߵľ磬ҲӦɷֻʶԲԣǣ˵㱻ᣬʲôģһ죬ѣܻĿģ
˵񣬴һ׻׻̻ζ紺绯꣬οеĴˡ
λǰѵǣˣ
һƬʪ󣬵ͷһ̣·ٴλصĩʱصǼ֮УϤĽ̻塣꣬һǣʧȥеʱǱЩǰɽϣ书и£ϱԪ˧λá
ǰ
һɲǣַ·صǰеʹ඼õ˸ο
ǰ
λǰԼ㾳ܶʹ࣬ôܻ⣬ٴУ޹ؽҪ˵ġɷֻʶԲԣǣһи޹ؽҪ
Լһֱˡ
ӣֻһ£
ʱһϵ𣬺֮ǰȻͬ
鶼ǶԵģǼܵٴᣬٴָҲҪȥģ޷İãѲɻΪ˵ͬ𣿡
һ䣬Ѿһʵζ
ˣ
һ£΢𣬶Ȼ֮·ඥһ㡣
ǰ
ʱˣϵϵŬ㱼ѾԼĳġԼҪκ˵ͬҲҪκ˵⡣
һУΪҪôκ˵⡣㱻ᣬ㱻ָ˵ɱ˴ħأȻһʼͲǳȥģֺα⡣
󣬻ҡҷӰΰͬɽһ㣬Ȼʼû¶棬һֱڹ۲ķӦƺȥˣ΢΢˵ͷ
Сӣ׾ͺã£죬ڵأܵô࣡ôĺСֻСθڣϼһǹһ꣬׼ˣ˵Сģ㡣
Ǵڷٴ
лǰ
΢ᣬмⱲܹټǣѾ޺ˡ
ӣ֪ȻǸˣڣе콫˹Ҳȿ־ĥǡңǾ֮츳ڱĳɾͣһ·ȻʬɽѪȴǳ˳ûʲôѣһۣҲǺ¡ϴǦֻҪͻø㣡
ǵԱߵ
ˣлǰͽ̣
վһ
Сӣ׾ͺãΪǸľԴҪһ򣬿Щ˵û㻹е
ǴЦ
֪ڣ
ǵͻȻдһ˿ֵζܿͻعͷ壺
ӣĥѣӢֻۣҪܹ̫ƽ㣬ֻҪԼǶԵģǾͿˡ
ܽˣ
ص
ԵȻһǰ㲻ܰ׽УܹҪ㶫ȻЦ
Ǵ
ˣ
û巴ӦͻȻ֮ضҡӴľۻأޱ޼ʣͻȻ壬û巴ӦӴľȻһ˲佫һƬޱ޼ʵľС

ɳźţһܣû巴ӦһͻȻڶߴ
Сӣˣ
ҡػΣȥһۿƬص룬ӴӰɽһ㴣ɢޱ޼ʵѪϢ
һɲǣʱ䵹·ԽʱգһԶʱ֮ǰӡǣһĴ·̲𣬺ƣ£ֻЩܳĽ죬ӱۣ֮ɾѪ档


1320 ľ־У
ƽսף
ĿУǵӰ˫Ųһֶ֮ƣͷ¡·һըɲǼǰݣ׷ױѡ
ɱ
ɲǼ䣬ɱ춯أѵĴϣÿһضɱıǴŲͬף߾Ŵͬģһ¶Ծ˵ٶȳɱĿƬ½׳˶Ӱ
ɱ
սƼңһȼգʮɸߣɳʯ磬ǧͬ˻ţţѸٵɱһϵĵڶӰҲ˲ʧ
ԶԶȥһ֮УݼӰ佫ףгŻꪷãڳǧķ񹥻У޾ĸУ˵ıӰԵޱȵĹµããеһҶ۰㡣
Ȼˣ˸˵ĸоȴǿޱȣǰͺ̣ͣĳɱ˵ӰȴΡȻޱȣֽһ㣬û˿Ķҡ
ɱϵ˺ԽԽ࣬ϵս׶ֲƣ˵ӰȻޱȣ·ûʲôܹǶҡġ
䣡
âһѿһ˾޴ս룬չ¶һ޴ġơ֡
ɣ
һɲǣ˵׳ޱȣޱߣ
Ѫһ꣡
սҵʱǸٴֻһΣȴǸǵ
¡
һ޾Ļɳƿһֻ޴ȭףѪ߰ߣͻȻ֮䳯ķ˹һɲǣ׳˶ĺӰؼٴһ£Ȼٴʧ١
¡
һղһȫʧۣѾ˳ǧ򣬳ǰǳǧ۵ʬĽʿ˵ڵأѪҺ˺ɫ
̧ȥֻصģ佫ʧֻһˣս졣ХԵĽɫսѱ𲻿޴սǧٿףһ״
ϣ佫˺ۣľʸһ˺ɫĳꪸǴĸ룬󱳴Ѫ˺ѵ˿ڣľѡȻ佫ȴĿ㣬üͷ嶼ûһ£Ŀ⿴ǰƺڵȴʲô
ɱ
֪˶ãضҡڴصľͷĺڼĿ׺ݣ绢һɱ
佫֪֧ţɽҰĺڼ
ս
һû˿ԥ佫սãһһ޻صƣɽҰϯĺڼɱȥ
սĲƣһǻѪɽӣ
ʱǵ˵ˣ䣡һֻصսѥ̤£ɲǼ𶯣ɽӷ׳˶ĺӰٴ֣ܣһܣɳ춯صĴʮ֮ǰĸһϢǿ佫£Ͻһ㣬ӿֻһΣһжýȻͬ
ɱ
һȣ󣬹糱ϣʯ䣬ֻһƥ۳Ҷƥƥƥ޾սԽˣķĵоսһ
ϣϣϣ
⽣Ӱܼ糱޾֮ⷽɱսϵ˵£ֲϵӿǰͺ̣಻
֪˶ãޱߵĴϣҲãã纣սʿʬˣ˵ڵϣսһֺմߵɽ崦ȽȽؼеһֻҶ컨̲ݴӵ籡Ϊ޾Ľɽӣһɲ׳ޱȣҲޱȣ

ĿһУһɲǣ翴һʱ𵽶ʢ˥ܵ˵ȫ̡ĬĬؿǰƬԽԽ׳ɽӣһɲǣ·ʲô
СӣܵʲôίҲܵʲôĴۣһʱڮٻ޹ؽҪֻصبʢǶĻر
ɽӶʢѣҪһǧһģСӣס𣿡
¡¡ڶ߻죬ǰĻеһжʱʧ
âһֻصǼص׵ķ֮Уһݵʯש󣬻ͨ͸׳˶ӰΡȻʼûжһ£ϸȥ͸ոȣ˵ζ΢΢ֳһ˿ƣ
ȻոһɲǶ˲ٵľ
ΧһƬžš
Сӣ𣿡
Ǵʵ
ˣ

Сӣ
ǵڵ
ˣ
ٴε

һɲǣ˶Ц
ӣǳ֮ΣأյյĹǼͷӶѾˣδƣ£Ҫȥеǵ˼ҲͲǽһˡ
ߵ
ȥɣ书ǶûʲôԽˣδĳɾ֮ͣϡסĥ³÷Կຮܵסڮ٣δжĳɾ͡
ǵӰҲڵ
ԵԵ䣬ַֺϺϣҵԵ־͵ˣס׼κ˵𣡡
Υ

ˣ
ۣδ䣬ϨʱһƬڣɽʹ󺣰ϢҲ糱ˮȥѸٱԸ֪
֪Ǳ̬ȣʾ뿪ˡ
ǰĿģף
ڴλվķͻȻ֮󣬶ĴһȴδţĿͷ
ϱӣӣ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ѧϰ书Ӧ±Ԫ˧λϡԿȵף˵ĿģһѾȥȻߵļûС
ǰϱһԲ֧֮ɽӣߵ;ƿݵĵزһӹǵΰɣ
ͷҲûͣվһѸʱķȥ
ˣ
ڹĳڴΪ׵Ķսʿ߾Żѣ˶һ
飬үҪܣɶκ̸𣡡
š
˼㱣ĵ˵ͷ
ûǶҲǾܶ˵ġ
λǰζй¶ȥ

һݣȳȥ˽
¡
ոձԶͻȻضɽҡһը͵شص
عͷֻĴһǿҵıըӵص׷ظоصĵصͨѸٱ䣬һ̣ƵĹҲҵĶһ׵ıΪһƬ


1321 ѿǵľѣ
һ£ܿͻعչҸۡķͷҲصĶȥ
Ϊ׵ĶսʿҲֿѸٳķȥʧںڰС

뿪ϵֱԵһҹӭ洵һ䣬Ȼࡣһ²֪ʲôʱ¶ΧһƬڰž⾲׵ľʦͻȻһеĸо
ϸ룬еһжǰ㲻ʵ嵽ڶţԼļЩǰҲκο֤Լǵ֤ݣ˸ӸоС
ǴӻͳֽɫƤĩβǸɫıǣ֪һβԼĻþң֪֪ڣļУܺɫӡǹҹҲֻаǰλ̫ʱĸ佫֪ˡ
ѹҸۡķȥ

ʱ任ȥԴӵͨλϱЯԼǰ֮жʱࡣλǰ˵ģȻĲʲôأ㱻ڮʲôء
ҲڸеĶʦУ֮ڼ˵ƲڮԽԽң¥֮УԽԽ˵ҵĽͬʱǿȨ˺ȻεȻɷ磬Ϊʦеһֳ
ȻＫط˶һǴ˵һҰĲıҵʱһЩ˿ЩȴһЩͬ˼
ڴҶ֪֮ôսΪЩ佫ҰĲΪԼ˽ϵķսЩǴƵĳ衭Ϊ
ʦһ¥һ˵ɫĳۣ˵㵸üɫ衣
ã
̨£Ⱥ飬һ׷ĺȲʣơ
ǲԵģһӦͬ˽ļ˽е⣬˵ĻûдƲӦһ浹Ĳþϣں͸ĺ̸ϣ
ܼȺУûע⵽һֵĺӣȴ΢΢üͷ
ʼʱҲȷʵΧȺȾǽһðͷ
ǿȨַ򡱡ǿʳǱп˼벻ϵĸԺҵʱҲûдԺʧԽ̡
һжǲԵġ
ǺǰȺĿһ˿ӵɫתͷֿȺӾ¥뿪ˡ
ӵͬ뷨Զֹһˡ
Ľ¥һ˵ҡҡλΣ˹¥Ҫ˵ˣÿ˵鶼ǱһƱرı֮е˵׬
ƹ񣬿ҵ˿ҵˣǣĽĿ׼˵ˣ
һ۵˵׼һʼԼ˵ĿȻþƣ˵ʱ򣬴ǿڳ˼ӿҲǣڳܻӭԭ
ԲЪҵ˵ˡ
Ȼһλûȵȥ¥ھһСˣǰ
ʲôЦɣ˵˵֪֪Ҹƹ񣬻ʲô³
һ۵Ŵ˸ãһһﴳȥ
Ĳܽȥ
û뵽С˽һƣٴεסȥ·
⣬ƹ˼
ʲô
Żһ𣬶ͣǰС˾ˡ
ܣƹ֪֪һ첻˵飬һҪʧ⣡
ΪԷĽȴĴྶͥ
Ǻǣƹ˵ˣʧе㻹𴦰ɣ
С˵ţһһ˵ţһʾȥȥ
ãţǲҪڣ
ڷӦ۾һɣŽ¥溰Ŵһ˦ܻ뿪ˡ
ȵ˵뿪¥һӰŴӺڰ˳
ƹ˵ʦǺպˣǲǲ̫ðһ¾¥Ҫʧٿˣ
Сߵ¥ƹǰͻȻڵ¶ǡ
ȥɣ
¥ƹվǰȴ쳣ļᶨ
ʦԽԽҲԽԽˣҲ֪˵ǲǶԵģ֪ȷȷʵʵϻˣӦܵ裬˵δؾǴģ
һȴû˵ʱ䣬ʦƽսԽԽңִ󻷾£û˸շȴ֪һЩġ
һĬĬ˼˺ܾڻ˾ұ˷ʧܶ⣬ǲôԶʳѰʵ뷨
ʱ任ȥǴһͻȻһ
Ͷ뵽һս˶еʱһ˼ѡ
Ȼû˿ԵֵӵӰ죬Ҳû˿ԺɴԿǽԽԽڷʡԼķʽʾ֧֣Ҳ۹˼
֮Уֹͣ˵飬ֹЩ˵ڵԶֹһҾ¥˿ȲʣʱҲԶֹһڼҵ˻ת뿪

ӲһǶԵģӦ÷Լ
֮УۼһһͻȻڵ
ⷬȥȻ󲨡
ӵĵλ˭ԺģϵġڵѧѾڶˣҲûѧҺʦ磬ÿ˶֪ʥ˶᷸οӡ
ݣ䲢Ĵͳǧ꣬ƶȴôãһԭģڵѾˣҪѱҴӸϰγĵҽ壬سŵѾ̫ƽˣλȵڡ
ô£ŴҶףĻ죬ʥһΪ´󹦣Ӧܵ裬壡
һڵϵ
ֻǶǿȨ˵öԲԣмֵҲӦס˶һַǵ״̬ȥҪģ
Ҳڵһ˵ţһƳһǰŵġǿȨ
ԽԽ֮Ĺϵǲġеĵڹȥ֤
Ϊ֮˵ǶԵģһѪǲŻۼΪ˴˹ͬĹ۵㣬һ۵ˡ
Ҫʲôˣȥ
Ｘ˻࿴һۣصĵ˵ͷ˵ķӦѾܿˣһЩ˷Ӧȴ졣
ڼ֮󣬼ᣬѸھʦг棬ҳڽ֮СǿȨȷԡַ򡷡֮ĹϵЩ鼮ԸԵķʽġǿȨսۡ飬Լķʽ֧

ҪƽҪս
ɱ˴ħ
ǣ޺죡ǿȨһɺԣ
þþǲҪӣ

ϣʾһһ಻ϣֵһ쵽һΣӵȸֺ֣һͷ


1322 ѿǾѣ
˺ƴƣۼڲʮ֮ࡣ
Ȼȴûжע⵽ھеȺԶһУһʮֳֳ꣬СԺһһ۵ѵţޱȡ
䣬ôûҶʾӶ˵˴ƲӦ̫սߣˣһμȥ
ܿһ귢ǰĺӣȻֻǼһͰѵˡ
ȥɣҪң
һĮȻһ˵ţһ߼
䣬ڴƺ͸ĺƽ̿ɴ򣬱սʿѾܾûпˣ书ʲôãһȥˣûǺܾöû𡣡
ʱһҲ
Ӽ˵ԺǼͬ顣
Ҫǵ£һǻ֣ᷢǶԵģ
ٴΰѵԷרעļ㲻⣬۹ҲҪһЩȥԵ飬ɷӦüԼĵ·Ҳ𾴵ľ⡣
ɵӣ
ȥɣ
˵͵͵ţܿתȥ
粢ֻһʾʱһЩԼķʽ̬ͼ֡ԼġǿȨѻһյʱһЩȻĬĬıţҰ֧֡
ԼķʽתάֵڮǵصʱȴʼջһЩԼķʽţ֧塣

ͬʱⳡ籩֮⣬ȴȨģͬĿĬĬעеһС
£֮ǰϢѪڸлԲѡ£Ҫȥ𣿡
һǵ
ҹɫž̫оĵģûκε
ڣسأȥɣֻгܳܵδ޸İţ
ãڴһϣƺѿ͸еһС
ǣ
ʿͷ˵

ҹɫžһԺŲɢģеı궼Ҹ߸ߵԺǽ⣬ûһܹ͸Ȼܹʾھһĵصʯ֮ѾһжſҲࡣ
֮ϲʧ֮ǣڵ費һƽ̬ԴеһУ䣬ƾ棬еһж˵ѾûôҪˡ
ΪѾԼҪƽ
ಣ
֪ߵǶ¸߸ߵԺǽǰһݣһֻ䵽ǽͷƮƮǽ⡣
Դһҹ֮Ѿϰߣҹž˵ʱ򣬶һ˳ȥɢġͬһ帺˫֣һ£ǰȥҹϰϰɢķա

߳һξʱ򣬽ֱߣһӰͻȻӺڰ˳
磡⴮Ǻ«㣡
û忴һǳ۵Ӷһһ޵Ǻ«СС
һĻͻ˲첻ѡͷϸȥֻһʮ겻СӣǺ«Լޱȡа죬ɢѾüˣû顣
ҹɫСͻȻڽֱߣδЩ졣
С֪˭𣿡
΢΢ͷЦʮа˾˭ҵĺϴˡ
һ̣С˵ĻȴΪԾ
ҵȻ֪
Сӵ۵û˿
ⷬ⣬ҲԽ֣ҹֵСӣ˵Ļʵ̫Źˡ
ô֪һ

ϴؾʱҺ͸һȥ㣬ϵá⼸ҹѾüˣÿʱ㶼ﾭ
Скͷһ
ʱ˵ˡ
û뵽Լһҹɢû˵ȴһСӿˡһԼһǺ«ʶģӹ˵ĸо
Ƕ˵ɱ˴ħ֪㲻ǣǴӢۣɱĶǵˣ
廹Щ㱵ʱСкͷͻȻ˵һ𺳲ѵĻ˵仰Скһ̵ˣ˺ͬʧ
ˣ
һǣ·һɵӿվСкʧķһ仰˵ôҹҹôڮٺá֮û뵽ĵһ仰οֵ֧ĻȻһʮ겻Ск
ҹɫģһƬ䣬ȴһƬů
˿ڵľʦУһСкָ֧΢Ƕ˵ȴܵģսеĵһƹǹâȻ΢Сȴ΢ʱܸܵһϵ֧֣Ҳ㹻ˡ
٣۹֧ң
һɲǣпѡ
һǸǺ«ǰȥ֪˶ãͻȻ֮ͻ𡪡
ʲôˣ
ҹ紵ĿһݣĻعͷԺǽߣһڰĽ䡣ﾲĵģʲôҲûУһоͷ·Ĵ
ߣ𣿡
һ䣬ʳжָҲ룬͵ľһɫĻ棬ֵ˳ȥһ㣬ûǴɫĽɫ
½֮
ϼǿҵľѧ֮һһϣͺ
ಣ
һɫɽȥɲǣֻڰâһһӰһԺ֮Ĺ
˵ݱ֮䣬Ļᣬʵ󽵣̫ҽüˡŲ氡
ֻһЦھʮಽĵطһӰǽͷϸһߣ󣬸һſƤ裬ɢһɽʹ󺣰ǿϢ
صĺɫߣǻɢĺ̹ҹɫԵޱȡ
ǣ
ɫ΢䣬ͻȻӻͳһֻɫСʱ˿ֻ̣ж˵ı飬ȷ̣ɢҵɫâҹɫмҫۡ
˾ķֻһ˲ӦЩصģ֪ĺˡͬʱҲɺ¶УǱ֮顷ᵽġ񡱣
صǸϼһﻹǶмӡȻֶ㣡ϧҲһҪ
Ŀֿδ䣬˫ſźɫʱſಣһɺڿУȴѾԾ˵ٶʧ˿֮Уͺһ㡣ֹˣֻһɲǣȫϢҲһ˲ʧ٣һ㶼ܲͺ磬뵽һһ
֪һĻ仯嶼Ƥ΢΢һ¡
ˡʵߣ
¡
˼ʱֻһ죬һŹĺɫʯһ㣬ȻͷɲǼֻһ죬α仯ԭһӰȴԺ֮ʧͬһʱ䣬ʳжָһָꪣ˲һɳİɫҫޱȣб෽һһ˵ķȥ


1323 Ħ֮
䣡
ֻһ죬̹ԭһ˵ĵطԣͻȻ֡˫ֽ棬Ũҵĺɫ滯ΪһƣĽ
һ㶼Űҵն磬ҾޱȣûܹƶĹ켣ҵնʧЧ㻹ǵһ
ԣ˸ŹܵĹâնϢսʱλúλýȻͬƾֶصʱһоնɱ֡ǰȫЧ
ûõģκιǰ̫Ч
嵭Ҳ׷ɱ
ԴӽӴ΢磬͸֮ԴκûκؿԡֻҪƶͻ֮ԴºۼЩۼ˵һˡ
䣡
û˿ԥһ䣬Ѹȥ¡¡ضҡͬһʱ䣬Բ֮ڣеңޱߵĺҹ֮Уһһ£־޴ĻͻȻͬʱ֡
컯
û˿ԥ˲ʩչ˸ľѧ£Χһз·ܵǧɽأһǽڳܲס屬ֱשƬڿ裬׷Χ֮ڣԺ˳ܵΪӴĴ컯оųϵϡ
ˣ
ܵӴ˶ʱɫһ䣬û˿ԥڵһըͻȻͬһִ㣬˲ʧԭء
ôܣ
оһĻ仯嶼΢΢ɫԹôĶ֣ûַʽĴ컯
ҵҪЩһﻹжֶΣ
һ컯ʱ츲صı仯ԭ򵥵֮˲ֻʮַȣͬĳЩʱ˴˳ͻȴֱ˴Эֹˣֻ˲Ϣʱ䣬һɴɵġͻȻŷбһλã͵˹ȥ
еһĿӲϾȫ˲Ϣɡ
ôܣ
֪ı仯Լǹɸʮ˶۾¶𾪵ɫ
Ĵ컯ǶЧģսɺͶŹĲٿѾﵽ˷ָĵزʲ£ŹøҲࡣ
䣬ֻһգۣһŨҵĺɫ棬ʵʣճͬҺһ㣬Ӻڱûž޴ײһɲǼ䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬ըѣޱߵ˷ըѿ
Բڣͬ˰𵴣ܵǽȫըѣýļ̸ը顢ƿҵıըúڰһ󾪺֪˼ҵķ˵ƻ𡣶һЩգæҵĴӷгԶսķȥ
֪ڰеͱ仯ɫһ䣬˫֮ӹһĨɱѾô컯սսķΧȻ˲ٵ˺
ôĶܿͻǷ˾ԼѲ߽սپٶȽ֡
ڸˣ
ĿкһѸһΪΪӰͬķ˵ȥһĻ˴һȫûϵı仯ӰһģһֹˣɢϢҲһģһʵȻȫֱ治
ûеӦӰһһңǰǵӰǰһйٶޱȡ
񡤺ޣ
ʯ䣬ʮ֮ǰĺɫ棬Ӻڱ
ֻһ춯ص·ڵһ㣬ޱȵײкͱŰգۼ䣬ʧȡ֮һ޴ϵĺڼ񣬽ŭĿа·ͭһ㣬εض
¡
Ǿ޴ĺڼ׺һ֣ľ޴ֱۣЮŻصֻײһһɲǣ忴ĺ棬Ȼһͷ­
ޣ
˵Уеǿħӵһ˫棬ֲĴڡ⻹һʩչ־ѧĴڡ
Ȼû˿ԥֻͬʱһӴĪܵбŷ

ʯ䣬ڵһը͵ʩչ컯߾硣
ʱȣǷ˾ͽʱܹʩչУϣ̵ʱˣۡ
¡¡
ӴҵײһǺɫ棬Ȼ޾ԵޱȣҲ赲ס飬ֻһҺֱۣͭ۶ϣǹɴĻǰɳȥڰ߽⡣
飡
Ҳڰޱɵ˲䣬кһ˲ڿնֻһѾ˵ߡָ籼׳磬͵ؿס˵ļ
컯
û˿ԥ˶Էһɲǣ˲佫аһ湦ʩչ˲Ϣ䣬ڵйբ֮ˮһ㣬ԴԴϳӿȥ£ôľ룬û˿ԵֵסĴ컯
һɲǼ䣬˵¶ȿ־飬ֹˣڴ컯£˶ãȫ塣
̶ֻʱ䣬ڵϢ罭һˮǴߣڵϢǼ½һɹģȫ֪ͬκιֵͬĺȫһͬӿڡ
Щ˽ӴʱˣҲ֣ǵĹǳأҲ˵ǵһɫ
ǿ
аԵλǷڵҲߣֺɫʼʱ򻹲ãǽ֮ԸоİԵ̶ȣ˿Լ֮ǰɵ½֮;ݱ֮
ԣ
ҵʱ弸Ǳܵĸоһ˿۽ǰԭԼƶã־ĺˣһɲȴ¶һ˿ıóѵĹЦݡ
ã
һ֪ȻӦһ̣һǿģǰδеĺΪ״Ӻҵĺ֮Сǹͺ֪ڴ컯ľһһķʽԺ֮۵ļܹأĵ֮Уɲ
䣡
ͬʱһӴӺ˺֮䱬ҵĳ忪
ٺ٣Сӣ㻹ѶԸжûɱ㣬˲ٹ½֮𣬾ݱ֮ټĦ֮Ѿ߱ǵֻû˸㣬ֻ滥ݣͬʱ˵㻹ô๦͵߻ħɣһòǳ֣Ҳˣ
ʱ˿̣ﻹа㱻Ƶӡ


1324 ڰеı

岪Ȼŭ㷴ӦҲ׹еһжȲ߻õģⱻܣΪľǽֺɫĦ֮Լڡ
ߣҿûʱ㽻֣͹ԹԵ߻ħɣ
һ࣬ЦһûһΣ˲ʧ
ǰȥ
ˣ
ո׷ͻȻԶ˻УһƬɧң֪ٱＲ۶ֹˣ˽ֵ̫ƴ粻֪˶ٳǷ˾;еĽ֣Ŀÿбӿ
һ
꣬ݺȭͷĿбòڵ̫⣬һǷ˾ͽô˷֣ܿ죬ͻڳܴۡڱ֮伤ҵʱⲢʲô֮١
飡
һҸۡķȥ˵Ĳֻ滥ͻݣԼڼͻ
ˣϽȥ
彫ԼڵĹ߷ޣڳǷ˾ͽ֮ǰʧ١
ʧսص㲻Զһϣոʧĺͬһ㣬ٴδиֻ֡ɫ԰ףͷ亹ֱðԶûиոô򶨡
СǱȴ˵еĻҪԶԸնݶûҲͰˣȻУ
ķҧгݡ
ʼӵʱЩһͨүѣõô鷳ҪȡĦ֮߻ħԸոǻŻ֣ʩչˡ񡤺ޡֻû뵽޶Ķ֡
ùǣռƻֻҪĳɵĦ֮͹ˣǵ󣬾Ȼ߳ɣʵ󽵣ٲߣ廹û߻ħȽˡ
쵰ûаϵĹ򣬿ˡ
а޲ѡܵԽԽϣ˲ҵЩͳǷ˾Χ֮ǰѸԶȥʧںҹ֮С

һ࣬۵糸ҹɫмٷɳֻۣƬ̵ʱ䣬ڵͻޱȡ
ֲͬԣȴĻ棬һڼײѸٵӰ쵽ȫеһͶ뵽ըҩͰһڶʱ츲صı仯
侳ʥ۷壬岻֪˶ֲͬЩڲ϶ѻʼʱ޹ؽҪﵽһ̶Ⱥʱ䣬һʱը˵Ħ֮򳹵ը
δ
һζĺϻ£Ȼƣ׹ڵأһΣΣΡͷ亹ԽԽ࣬ȥҲ֪Լʱɫǳ԰ס
ҪǣǺɫ£ڵ澭ͬʱܵǧֲͬ˺ͻһĵʹȫ
ƴȫѹƣԶ֮Դ۵;ٿأ߾ȫͼǵ뵤ԸоõԼҪѹƲסˡ
Ͽȥ
ǰԶһۡبǰҸۡҲԶˡһݣҵԺǽûоκˣѸٽ鷿С
¡¡
ϥµɲǣһӴɽ͵شڱˣҲͬʱɫϺɫɫֲͬĻһ㣬ڱŷϯܡ
ͣЩһ鷿еΡԡīеһУ˲仯Ϊɻҡµʯש˲仯Ϊ촷ۣ¶һ޴սۼ
ҧɫԽԽסص鷿кڻҵҲѹƲסҵı
֮ǰʱյϢᣬѪԣǸʱ򣬴컯Ѿ߻ħĶˡǸʱ򻹿ѹסءǵ֮ʱ򣬱㿪ʼһļӾ磬ЩȻǿһ㣬ּƲߣӽ壬ڵĴ컯
ַɱһǧ˰٣ȴǶԸѷ

ɫԽԽףͷϵ亹ҲԽԽּ࣬ȵʹ彫µĵ涼ʪˡǧڳͻָо·ȫ˺ˣеƤⶼ
ۣ
ͻҵʱһţ͵һѪ
Ѫ֮峤һԭҰ׵Ҳڷһ˿Ѫɫ˵ĺҲƽࡣ
ʱѹסˣ
ۣĿ͸һ˿ɫոǿѪأʵڳͻΪңݵЩķʽų⡣޷ǻ⣬ôǿõӦԷʽα겻αܳ׽컯ɸݵ⣬ͻٴη
취ˣ
а
컯ųаһааǿΨһѹģҲֻд˵̫޼Ԫɹ
Ȼ컯Ȼǿ󣬵ȱҲͬԣǾ޷ݵ⣬ʦа˲Żܴţϣﱻƣܵͽ׷ɱʦôֱ꣬ʮű⡣
Ž꣬Ѿʼͬˡĳ̶ֳȣ»Ҫء
Ͼа˶ûսϴɱôඥ죬׼ʥ侳۷Ĵ󽫶֪˶٣֮ԴΪˣŷĸ
ˣ
˼ʱͻȻһٵͬʱ˲
ˣôˣ
û°ɣ
ƺĶʱ˹
û£
ĿһܿعĨȥǵѪվȥ

ʱ仺ȥµĽںܿȥڻָ֮ԭֵøף飬Ȼǵ˶о˲Ծ
֪ΪʲôϢԽԽ΢ɫҲԽԽ԰ף˵ӡȻֹͬˣһ鷿дʱԽԽһصǶ鷿鷿ֱ׷յӡǣӲ̸𣬼Ҳöʣֻܰļ
ͣ
峿ߵ԰ʱͻȻһ󾢷һֻ׶ֱȥ׶Ųۣȴ̺һӴĻ
飡
ھ廹ɵĵطһɻͻȻ֣ΪһϣǸ׶׶ڵأȴûκεĶ
ѾǵĴˣ
һ˿⣬ȴû׷ȥԴ˵ƣ컯߻ħڼÿ죬嶼⵽İɱϮԷ¶棬ǳֹƺҪַͨȷ߻ħĳ̶ȡ


1325 а۴Ϣ
ģСôû
۾ĵطһӰһֻè㣬ǽڼٱߡһ̣һƾո֣һͷײ棬ͣ
ҵþˣ
һۻޱȣͻȻڶл졣ǺӰȻ۾¶־ɫ

Ƭֻ֮һĲҽлգȻֹ
ǣ
ԺУ׼뿪ҽͣ
飡
Ƭ֮һӰصǰӰһ£ԾЩ˵
ˣ
ͻȻһϤۻ룬ڶ̧ͷֻԺ߸ߵԺǽһϤӰ۴䣬ͷ衣
ʦ
˳ǳڸǽϵӰǱˣʦаˡ

һХǽϣʦа˲ʧٳʱѾǾ֮ңĵطһµ㳾
Ѿˣ
ԥһ£֪ʦķۣ̹ϵ
ô飬ô֪ͨң
а˸µڶ֪
Ц
ǣͽ֪ˡ
컯ȱѾãʦûܽ⣬ıǲʦģֻڿʵ䷴ˡ
ˣ
а˰͵ǰһָ磬һ̽˳һѴļͷ
ָֻһа˶ʱɫĸ֪Уھͷڲͣʳ
а˱ΪŸոշǺأڿȫˡ
ôܣ
аɫޱȡĴ컯Ų죬س̶ȼȵ귢ĺˣⲻᷢкŨҵΪۼ
ββѨǴ컯Ĵɣһˣ֪ôܻ֪ѨĴڣ
аɫԽԽء
컯ˣѨͨ˵޹ؽҪѨλ˵ȴǴɡرǴ컯ﵽߵľ磬ʼ¶ʱѨͻصңص߻ħ
Ѩǿõģͨ˸֪
㵽ʲôˣеһǰǰ󣬾ϸŵĸң
а˳
ԴӽӴа˵ڣ廹ûмʦصɫ岻ҵǰǰȫ˵˳
ܵģܣ
Ļа˶סˣƺ˼ɻ
ʦʦ𣿡
ʵʦԶֹԼһͽܣ弸ʶľ뵽ԼǸʦŵʦ֣ҲֻſܶԴ컯ָƣҸߺˡ
ܵģ컯һ򲻿֪ôࡣҪǣ컯°벿Ǹͽûе֣ȻҲ취׷ɱˣ
а˵
컯Ķ֮أ֪ģǿһ˶Դ컯ͬӵм˽⣬ĳ̶ֳȣ˿
üͷҲĬˡ֮ǰʱæѹڳͻûȥ˼ʦһ˵ŸоԾ֯أ嵽ΪֹѾǽֺüˣȻû̽鵽ǵܡ
ؼǣΪʲô֪컯ϸ룬˰Լʱ֪컯ڵйɣ˳ܹԼüء
һɲǣɫҲ
㿴һˣǰǸ𣿡
а˵
ǰһۣҡҡͷ
ǣӦֻһСආ
ЩҲЩ˽⣬ǵ֯ṹ廨ţˣˣگˣ˹ˣʳˡʲô˶СȺֵĽޣȫڣЩһʿһܣͻҧƳݷĶҩԾй¶ʲôϢ
ʦɵĺˣҲֻ̽ԼǷ߻ħʲô̶ȵһСආѡ
ȻˣҺֵʱ͸оʵһ㡣
а˵ͷҲֻһʣԤϡ
ʦڵжõһ
ʵ
ββЫŹ˳ӵһηɢʱ䣬Ԫʥ侳۷弸ȫǿ컯ɶģмûнκεľ繮̣Ѱͱˣ֪츳ˣѣһ·ûгκεĲӣһһ·ﵽʥ侳۷壬۹󽫶ˣһ㻻Ҳ
˵аһ̾ѡ
û˵ֻһâȻ֪ô£Ϊʥ۷ĵ۹󽫣ͲٿرԶˣͲҪȹ̾硣
ţڿʼô컯˵
а˶̬ǰδеء
ŹԳľѧһʮأŹָƣƵһˡڴ컯ڵķ˽ⲻһʼͻ߾Ϳʼ벻תɢ״̬˺ÿһ춼״̬С״̬ԽԽأҲԽԽңһֱɢΪֹ
ɢ֮һȫƾŹ裬ͱжˡ
ͽף
֪ͬСɣҲæһ
μ㲻ңҲҪġ

һ⡣
ͽھеΪʦѾ֪ˣ֪ʦһ̫ڳеҲͳ͢泶ϹϵЩʱʦҲҪȰȰˡ
ɫ԰׵ӣаʹⱲôͽܣ˵ĵˣᣬг徢ʦصƷºҲ޿ޣһ棬ҲԽеۡ
ǽңĻ£ܶΣֻҪҪͻȥ޷ˣҲΪʦеĵطΪ£ѾĹˣȻǲ㣬㣬Ӧþʹ˷ˡа˵ͽܣӦܵίҲʱΪԼǿˡεҲһ
а˶˶٣ӻͳһǰչһ£ԼһŲƵĵͼ
֮ǰҵ̫޼ԪɹĲرͼ֮ǰʱҺ˵ϴ峤ʧ˺ܾãڵűͼܣ˺ܶطҲ׷˺ܶЧ΢ǲ֮ǰҺϴ峤ͻԵĽչԼȷ̫޼ԪɹصĴ򡣡


1326 ʮ
ʲô
仰һŲرͼģŲرͼʱ䣬ϸ׷Դﵽǰҵ䡣˺ǰͺ̣ҪѰµһ湦䣬޹󲿷ֶǲ׽Ӱ޻̸֮
ԺֱӴԣžѧѾʧ
Ҳû뵽ʦ˴峤ô˽չȻȷǴطǲĲر֮أѾֵһˡ
Ѿܾûд֮أһ㣬ġ
ֻʦа˵
һΣҺ˵ϴ峤Ǵһ·ģҲã뿪ʦһȥɣ
Ĺ㲻飬δҲ߻ħķգֻǽʱǰѡ
վһʱסˣⷬȫԤϡ
ôѾˣ㻹Ը뿪𣿾㲻ڣ۹Ҳﵽʲôֵ
а˿岻˵ʱЩˡ

û˵ֻǳһ̾ʦĿβףֻʱߵˡһҲʦ˵ĵûҲһԴڣ֪һиˡ
ʦĿͽףǡҿǿǺ𣿡
˵ţһ
ǰ̬ϳϿҿҵ壬аֻһǻŭ޴й⺢ӣػ£ĵطͬҲеεĵط
ðɣ㲻ԸȥҲ޷ǿǣڵϵ̫ã컯Σղеô򵥣
аһݣǽͷݣͬʱһֽһ㣬ƿն塣ʶֽסͷһֻۣ飬Ȼдʦѹڱӻ߻ħΣյķͿھ
ʦ
ӿһĨůǽһ΢紵ʦѾӰ

ʱ仺ȥÿһնڸִƴ֣һ治ϵɳ˹أͻʣʳ͸߾ȹĶʱǷ𹥻һ棬ϵļලӽˮͲֿ޽Ľ̡
غ촬ڴ޽ģ֮֮϶ע⵽ˡǺ֮ǰһƶˮԶûôߣֻҪ岻½£ĳسۺڣںϵж
Ǳߣ֮ڿеͶʹãĺͿʯԴԴϵھͬһʱ䣬Ѿںɽ£ʳвɺƣʳıʱֱܹͦвںɽĿʯɡ
ϡĿʯ£˲֪˲Ƴ͢Ǳ߶ҪȾָһ֣˵Ǵʳˡ
ĿǰΨһֵҵǣ鲼Լ޼ɵļУټϺɽʯᾣضѹʹôʳʱûɽľ⣬ҲԶĸ֥дһţ찲ʱʳˣǲ
ÿһ죬ǶջһĿʯʱ䲻ֶͣ룬֪Ҹʱ̫á
ͬʱһһͨ߾ƾڣȻƬӦ֮ءһжĵĽУûоκˣע⵽Ҳûκ⡣ȴ֪ЩӽˮһˣƬδϣ
ļôˣ
鷿еһжָһ̴ľʵ
үеһжڽУȱѾļ˴ĺɺˣˣǴƵľӢպɽ֮ǰϢΪȱڵľӲ˳ʮ򣬶һҪɢɢСɵĻأĻ»͢Ĳ¼ɺͲ

û˵ֻĬĬ˵ͷ
պɽⷽȷʵֻڱϵ츳ѣҶڳ͢ϵҲǳȱھȻǴƵϾҲǽ֮أפó͢ע⵽ˣפıԽ࣬Խó͢һʮ򣬾ȱǡ֮ء³͢Ҳ޷ˣһ취Լѡ
պɽȵİǡôԭϵıɢıɢСɵ»أȻѵܹȫ͢棬Ҳ̶ȵĴӦպĲ⡣
ͬʱҲϰͣںɺһĴʳһ塣
ǻҴ壬ļб͢óľˣԼӶߣȫļΧ֮Сǻɳ˴֣ȥѰʵߡ
һԵѦǧ֪뷨Ҳڵ
ʱ¶˼ɫԴǼ֮˼Ѿſ˺ܶ࣬͢ϵѾأƿس͢þѾǼȳʵģͨԼķʽ
Ʊۺָ췭ظҲʱܹʰо֣ɽƬص̫ƽҪﵽĿģȱڵʮԶԶġ
˽¼Ҫȷκζӵ´ƶ©˽Ҫ׼ʮľڴƣѾ췴ˣһŪúܿɱͷѾˣȻ͢·вͨǾԼķʽưɡ
ڸ˵ʧλǰ˵ģ㱻áΪɱ˴ħֺҳݡ
ǾԲܻģȱѾ֮ˣطگ˹أͻʼ֮ء
ǾԲģֻں취ܹʮĵط̸ף
ͷǺܿ죬ͻع
ŵͼù
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һ߳ĳ߿˶ͼǰȫչ
ŵͼ˹صĴ½ͼٽ֮˿죬Լڶľͼһγɵͼŵͼ֪еشڵĺıʶ棬Ƕһ޶
Ŀ⻺ɨͼһ򣬶ΧǣѦǧҲһɨŵͼ
˵ףҪһʵ̸֮ףĿ⻺ɨͼ½һֱϽǣڵͼϽһ麣⵺϶һɲǣǵ˶ԸожȻһ

һɲǣԺһ
ʮ
Ǿ߾۹ʮ죬ͬʱҲǾ½ĵ죬ҪǣǵùλµĵһŮ֮̿ͣǰΪһ鷵ʮҵڶûϢ


1327 뾩
ˣڶؾٿԴʮ򵽰ʮ
һָָʮڵλãԵǺѦǧ
Ƭ֮ʮλŮͳΣԱǵϱӺƽٷʱʮΪһƬһֱû̫ܵĳֻ̫ƫƧǰǽ嶼ûк̫ϵҲ֪ʮŮ۵ʲôΨһ֪Ҳһѡ
鷿ǵ˶ǽŽɣ֪ΪʲôѡطǶľǶӲɡ
ǣ
ͬʱ
Ѧǧ׼һ£ʱȱڳһֵıǲǧ㣬ÿһ϶һλŮ̸ۣܺ;̸̸ܺ
嵱ϵ
ǣ
Ѧǧԥ
ǣ齻ȥ⡭
˵仰һɣҪȥͻȻ֮ͻһĵʹӵﱬѸٲȫɫ䣬Ҫȴеȫʧأ澭һƬҡ
ۣ
ǰһڣ͵һѪԺһƬѣΣȻʲôҲ֪ˣһ󾪺
ˣ
ˣ
ڤڤУǵƺ׷׳Լķ򣬻ŵ˹Ͳ֪ˡ

֪˶ãһֵӻлѣͬһʱһд´
ˣ
һϤӶߴ۾һӺڰб֡УһӰ֣ɫĳۣҰ׵˫ޣһ˫ɣԼǹС
ʦ
ǵӰ΢һʱɴסˡ
ô£һĻǵԼ鷿УΪʲôʦֵСĿԽʦ䵽طһɲǣһľᡣ
⵽ô£
һʱʶŤͷԵаˡ
ú˼ָһķڿǵʱ޳壬ȶƣ㵹ãʲô
а˵һηŭɫѿѡ
ǸϵʱѾһͿô죬Ȼûгһʱȥ컯֪Ļ£ûˣ㻹ܱ𣿡
аŭ𣬼ʦͰӣͻȻʦΪаۡһ嶼һݣɵЩη壬Щж
ʦѵǣǵӴˣ
ʵʵ
ʦҲûж⣬֪֪ӻԵѾˣм϶ǲͣظˣȶϵơӣμʦǿаʦҲҪȰ뿪ˣ컯ȻңǷĴҲβܣڵºѳŹꡣ
ʱһϵĽﴫ΢ŤͷֻԼԶĵط˴峤ϥɫ԰ףͷֳһЩˮڻչ
һ漴ӦӿһĨΣ
лǰ
˴峤ڵļ磬ȻΪԼ˲ġ
ҲԵЩͲ˵ˡ
˴峤˰֣ڵ˴أо󲿷ֵĴǾԲģǺӴԽã˽Խ࣬˴峤Խ˵һ֡
һǹĻµ֮ʿ˴Ϊ⵽ʧҲǿԽܵġ
ΪģĹ١
飡
˵ʱͻȻһͬһʱһӵǰ
λǰˡ
仰˴峤а˻ûʲôӦȴ͵һ
أ
ⲻ¤ؽͨĹذֱʱʦ˴峤ģѾ˾ʦֻ嶼ûһȻѾأѾǾ뾩ʦкԶľˡ
Żȥ𣿡
аϥ۾û壬еĶȫӲķۡ
ȥҪʱ䣬죬ϵƾͻٴηʱЩˣûҺ˴峤ϱɡ⣬صʦѻһĸ׺С𣿡
ʦ֮ҪʱԼҪҲʵ̫ˣҪȻҲûкúõˡǰһ仰лûʲô仯ĸ׺Сõ֣˴ʱˡ
ҺʦЩȻΪ޶ƺֻĿȤϵ˴󲿷ǲڵ״ȥмĿܻǶ㶯֡
һԱߴ˴峤Ҳڵ
Щ۶ԵǶʱ䣬аһֳģڷؾʦʲô֮١
ǣ
廹˵ʲôܿͱа˴ˡ
ûʲôǣ
ҵɹκ֮ǰŻȥܣҾʹȣ
аģĿޱ
Ц֪ʦķƢˡΪɽ˵һ̸ɫ䣬ŷɥаۣ»Լ˵Ѿ൱ˡ
һɲĹâڲòеͷһε
ǣʦ
һԣ˴峤һĻЦ⺢ҲԸִ֮ʦҲû취ı⡣
䣬а˵ɫÿ࣬һ࣬˴峤ʦͽҲаЦѡ

֪زȥҲԶ˼ʦ˴峤ǰѰҴɹɹ翣ų֮ףҲΨһܹ컯Σյİ취ˡ
֮ǰҺ˴峤һǰüΣһ񣬺ҲǻԵɺϣһлһɹĲرͼоϲһǲƳһЩߡ
ǰ·ϣаԳ˻彲˴峤֮ǰðյĹ¡
ǣ󣬶ҹע˼࣬ҺʦȻһЩҲ˲ٵ鷳һ飬ۼ˲ٵѰˣǻ˲ʦͬ
˴峤ҲһԵ
ߣͬͬ
а˺޺޵Ŀб̹ǵɱ
ʦ˼ǡ
һ뵽ʲô
µûЩˣ
а
գ۾һʱ΢
ԼʦʱѾڱ׷ɱ״̬ԼǸʦ֣⻹Щɾ뢣Щ˲Ļ֡
ȻʦǰҲЩˡ
ԩ·խ
忪ڵ
ҹ£ʦĳһҪġν˽𲻹죬ֻ˽˽𣬶ҲһʱԺеʱ䣬Ϻ˹ȴͬϵ°ˣһֱûʱȥ顣


1328 سǣ
ڼȻǾһ¡
ҺʦѾһˣǶԷҲɹ˳ȥûڴɹϢҲѾɽ紫ѰҴɹ²ûиô򵥡
һ˴峤ŵ
ȥɣɱһҲɱɱҲɱýһԽ
аð󺮹⡣
ԴϢʦƢѾ˺ܶ࣬ܶ鶼ѾˣɵҲٴⲢ˵ͶԴ˺⣬ȻЩ˻һΣͲ⽫ɱһΡ
֣黹˴ӳ顣
˴峤Ȱ˵Ѹߣа˲ͬôɱܶǱҪ;Ҫɱ¾ķʽȥ
ӣȥҪСġ֮ǰѾüˣƺڴɹҲǳȤټҲǵĿ֮꣬һҪСġ
ͣ
˵ʱһԵаͻȻָ罣ɲǼһ˲ᶥû߿֮С
ণ
һͻȻӸ߿һ̣һֻһչߵӥȸȻУӸ߿׹
ӥȸеĸ߶ȶޱȣ󼰣аǰȫûκεô
ˣ
ͻȻľٶ˵ע⡣
Ǹոֻ𣿡
˴峤ʵ
֪֪ˡ
аƽ

һӿ΢紵ֻаеӥڰлһߣû뵽֮Сžһڳϡ
һɲǼ䣬塢аˡ˴峤˵Ŀȫֻӥϡ
ֻӥϵëһأһָϸѪᴩ࣬׵Ķȥ
ᣬ˫ŶǿⲻͨӥӦǾѵġ
һۿڵ
ӥ˴ӥȸĿȾӥȸ֮˽⡣
ЩѵӥȸҰӥȸԵĲ죬ܶϸڶܿĺۼ˴峤û˵ֻаˣĿ͸ѯʵɫ
֮а˵Ϊߣǧⷽĸ֪ҲԶˡ
Ǹոֻ
а˿һֻ͸ӥҡҡͷ
ǿܲЩ˰ɡ
һ˴峤
ȻγҪǷСģ˿֮·Ӷóף쳣ķ֮ӥȸ˾ռߡ
˴峤һ˵ţһ߲һֻӥʬȻĽϣһֻµװżĽСͲΪֻӥϵǳïܣڸֻͲϸ
ȥɣ
Ͳа΢΢üͷһһӥʬɳᡣ
ȻѾȷЩ˵ӥаҲȥ鿴еĽͲˡ
λǲǳʲôˣ
洫Ҳ
û£·ɣ
а˳
ʱһ·ѣȥ

ʦͽʧ󲻾ãâһӰͻȻԱߵ˳ֻ·ߵӥʬԣһȺͣ
ֻӥ߰ɣ䲻Ȼһָʵǿ£
ŵӥʬ壬һȺ亹乡
ǵĸ֪̫ǿҺԶȻĻô֪
һ˵
ϢϱȥɣһķʽǸûãûһַʽ
ʱ򣬼˺󷽣һֱĬĵ˿˵ˡͻȻǰϥ£һʹֻӥϳöͲ
ҷӦ죬ʱһֻӥҪϰһֻͲȻͱ¶ˡ
߰ɣǵˡˡ˵϶ˣЩһܲˣ
˵ţֻӥѸʧ

ǰسˣ뿪ǰŹأҪȥĵطΧﶼûʲô˼ҡĵطһţ׼һЩԵĶӣͿ·ˡ
ʦа˵
ʱ仺ȥһ춼Ƿƽ˾ûκεĲ֮ۡǰܳһʱ䣬а˺˴峤ȥɹһж
һ·˵ţܿ͵سǡϡ٣ǳҲֻǧ˼ң˿֮·ϵˣ󶨾ѡСټϳ͢ｨһվسǡ
Ծ֣Ծ֣
һʯͷɵĹϳţֻسзɳĮĮ·ߵһ񷿣չ£һСϴһëһˣ
λ͹٣ŹصİɣسǣԵطˡȾƳ⣬±ţ⡢±ëӡһȫӦ
ҲԥسǣԴס꣬ʳġطɳҲ⣬ѵǸϵ磬ƹĸȥڵأ˻Σǻõһ¡
Сһ
߰ɣطȷʵٿţЪһŰɡ
а˵ţ˺ܿ첽·ⶰƼС
帺˽ȥһһߴܡҲһθʦ̽ɹʦ˴峤ѡȡ·ߺе·ȫغϣѡȡ·ҲӵĻƫƧЩطֱӾǱɰĸ̲мó׼
͹ѵǣ±ƹ͸ǵġ
һС˶һسǷɳĮĮǿջȴϵĸɾװ޷棬򵥡أȻȲϾʦеһУ֮ϡ
аˡ˴峤ѡһλãھ¥
׼ʮĸ׼ŴʯˮٸһݳԵġ
˴峤еһжŵþСģʲôøɣԹԵԱߵš
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ƲȫΪشƫԶԭټɳϴ߲˺٣󲿷ԸΪ±±ţܻӭģ¥׼ģҲ󲿷ֶָţ±ţ⣬ΪȽϸԲױʺ͸ܡ
֣԰ɡ
ϴ峤Զа˵һ˵ţһӼһ±ţ⡣
һ£
Ԥϣסˣһ˵ţһߴӻȡһһ㶼ӺԱʱ֮裬رĳЩʱ;
ˣ
ָһǿۿɼٶȣлΪһ룬̽뼸˵С
ʦû¡
ջ룬һƽڳ⣬к˵вСһܲд
а˺˴峤һĻҲ΢΢˵ͷȻûʲô飬˼ܣҲѵÿɹġ
ӣãܿͷ
ʱ仺ȥɣĲԽԽ٣мѾˡ
ٺٺ٣
ʱ˿̣ûжע⵽һӰڽ￴һĻЦ


1329 ɱ˵Ϯ
Ϊ˶ԸҲһѼĴŪɢǼǺܽȻ֪Զֻϧ̫ˡɢɶ鲻˵ˣô࣬ҵҪǲôͣ
ӰĬĬ֣һ̣ħһ㣬塢аˡ˴峤ɫһľ׮㣬鵹ڷϡ
һɲǣһƬ֪˶ãһӷӿ˲Ϣ䣬һ˷·һ˷СǰͣϸˣԵ÷ǳĽ
ȻǵȥСĽԭ򣬲ȷĿѾУðա
ٺ٣ûʳǱǳԵˡ
Ƭ֮󣬺Цзࡣ
飡
ܿ죬ָֻһָСʯƿնֱ塢аˡ˴峤ҪѨЩ˲֣ǰ
СӣҲþҪҪʳЩھ͸ɵ
Ǻһ˵ԻĿɨȴͣаϡа˵ΪߣвҲ
ˣ
ֱߵа˵ߣû˿ԥһ̽аץ˹ȥȻ˵ʱʱ죬ʼϲ鷢ˡһֻǿ͵شӴ֮һѿס˵ҪѨ
һĻ˴ʧɫ͵رһ㣬ȥȻķӦ죬а˵ķӦ졣ûӳȥָһգѾǯס֣ͬһʱ䣬һӴ˳ƾڣס塣
ⲻܣ
˾һ˫ԲֽǰǸͷӣȡ
ܵģ˵ֵסɢҩ
һɲǣ˵ɫޱȡ
ǺǣҩҲҪԽȥЧûԽȥٶʲôá
ͻȻһڶ塢а̴̧ͷЦЦ
һжжûôܻôɡͷβʦͽֻĬϣһϷ
ܣҿǳµģֻҪǳЩˣͲû£
˽ҧȫ޷ʵ
ʲô֦Ҷж֮ǰѾȷϹȷʵеĲˣҪȻҲᶯˡ
˵±ţ𣿡
һϵӶߴаɫƽָָָǰ
ֻǿһۣɫѿޱȡֻһƬƬƬԭһС±ţ⣬ȻǷɢ߸ֻע⵽ʣµĲ˲ˣûע⵽ʣµʲô
ˣ
а˵һɲǼ䣬һУһ鿴ŷ履ʳָ󶯵±ţˮ֣渡ֳ·ɫ۰ķĩ
Щɫķĩɫ
ܵġɢɫζûκηжϳ
ػǰȫ֪
忴һĻֻЦ
ʦǧѾﵽ˵Ƿ켫ľ硣ЩĩɫζȴȫˣκһʶʾһŰֽϳһڵ㣬ʹСҲע⵽
жԲֹһͬ鶼ɡ
ֱӵ
ٺٺ٣
Ļ֮ǰֵ̿ĺˣͻȻ֮Цﻹһ˿֮ǰӡ
ЩһȻ˵һѶԸѾˣƫƫ͵סӺһϷһ⡭
ǵʮķݲˣֻ±ţɫζɢǽǰ֣ǼȻǳҵĲˣôϣϵɢҲһ̵˸УΪʲôû£һ⣬شҵģһشġ
һΣֻһЦͶûУֻԼĿӣһۡ
һ˫ɸɵģնûմϣ·δʹùĿӣ˵ɫʱѿޱȡȻûϸ˵ҲѾ׹ȻǿĳԷȾƣһкͿȫͬÿӼв˵ʱ򣬸ûڿӱ污һ㣬вˣϵĶ
Щ쵰
ҧгݡ˵Ǽթƻ쵰ֱǻҪթƻöࡣ
ǴǿˣҲһ
꣡
û˷Ӧһ̣ͻȻһɿ񱩵ͻȻ֮ɽһ㣬緢һ˲֮䣬ͬһ㣬ȻȻһ飬ֱӴа˵г˳
а˵ܹƾһ㣬˾һߵĸ֡
ɵǣ
ҧгݣǳɱı쳹¥ৣû˿ԥһͬһ֧֮㣬ھ¥ھһ˷籩Զ˳ȥٶޱȡ
ߣ
忴һĻֻЦصĺ֯ȷʵЩֹصĹӦоУʦãܻѡһ£һ¡
ģӽ΢ǿߵ棬ܴһܳƵϳǿˣ
ôֺαܣ
飡
ͬһʱ䣬塢аˡ˴峤ͬʱָ֣һţһӴƿն¡ӴǰǽڶʱѣԭݳȥӰһס
徭ʱڵѾȶ࣬ܶӵȫ޳ȥȻڵ岻˵סԷѾ㹻ˡ
ã
Ӵ֮УͻȻоһ˶ʱɫطӰԲ̫󣬵ʱȴҪġֻƬ̵ĳٻѾõ
¡
һӴѵأɽԾ˵ٶȳź˺Ĺ
͵شһعȫ籡˴峤ȫһҵײһ飬ֻһը¥ķӴ͵س忪שʯʮ׵ĸ߿ա
䣬ͬʱʯ䣬ɰǧһɣΪһʮɳɫһ˵ĺġ˻ûӳԶ鴤һ£Ե˵ϣһ
Ĵ컯ǣס˴峤潻֣¶ңȻаһɵ˵Ͻ޼䣬ۣϢĻᶼûиԷѾ˲佫Էնɱ
˵һһĬ޼䣬£ܹͬʱֵ塢аˡ˴峤Ϲģ֮١ҲǸ֣ϧһڴˡ


1330 Ӧԣ
ɱ
ˣɵǣ
Ǻ˵µͬʱΧһɱƿķϣſڣǽں󣬴ӱߡĺɱڣ˷

˵ʱʱ죬ʯֻһ𣬽է֣һֻ޴ֱ׳ɽ壬͵شƿľ¥Ϸ˺
һɲǣ˿Ǿ޴ֱϳ˽ǮƬ˵ĸоһֻ޴צһ㡣ֻһ޺𣬲Űһ̣âһһɳҵĺɫ籡Ǿ޴צ̤
飬ۿ䷿䣬ͬǣҪֻצ̤촷ۡһ̣ͻ𣬾˵ĿУһɫĹȺ;޴צɱ͵ضȥǾ޴צײһ
ˣ˱ըֻɽ壬̺ſֲĽɫצھ滹ɶʱͻȻסͣ£һͺһ᲻ɴݵıһ㣬Ҳ޷
˴峤ʱˡ
ϴ峤ǺӽˣƻûãսҪ֡
ҲʱһۻϺأͻȻ˶аָһţɲǼ䣬ľҫޱȣбŷЩÿһɶָֻϸȴʵޱȣ絶һ㣬޼᲻ݡ
䣡
аֻһʯ䣬һɹɫĻһ㣬˷ȥΧ鲼ÿͽ䡣

ֻһĲҽУ˷ĺ˱а˵ĽУһɸ㣬ĵڵϡ
ǧȻǰûʮ湦УֻΪûɣ޷ʶаУſ湦չ¶ķâԶٵˣǧһڣɱ֣Ǵﵽаͬľ磬ѵֵסǧƥľ
ɵǣ
ʯ䣬ֻһ˴峤а˷ʱһںҲͬ˹
ͣ
ھ˻ʮಽĵطһ˺ڽ棬վڴĵطд¹Ƥףһһ̣̹޾ĺɫ۳ǵأ塢аˡ˴峤ɢ
Сģ
ɫһݣ˲ɫֻһۣ嶼ܿóֺ̰ķĩ綾ޱȡ
䣡
룬һסȫëסͬһʱ䣬һɵĹ⻪ڱ漴֣һһҡɲǼ䣬Ϊ룬ڵ˶ʱΪһɾ޴תЩ̰ķĩ汬ը
ĲҽУһˣͬЩĩըʯͷɵľ¥߷ݰ˳ȥһг֣ɫ԰ࡣ߻ħֻѹסóȻù߽̫࣬ͻڵƣȫѪڡ
ϵģǸС֣
ս֮Уеϵ쳣ָдĺˣȥ
𣡡
һ·ް˱Ű̵Ϣա˵ĿУһ˻ͱ仯գ֮һͷϰޣ°˵ĹҾȻҳֹ½߰˷ֵơ
˸ոɱðһɹŨҵɫ棬˻ţĿ¶׹⣬һͷбް㣬Ծ˵ٶȳ˹ȥ
ͬʱطҲһ޺𣬷ȥͬʱɰ½״̬ľȻ֮ࡣ
˵ǵ֮أǷҹԹɣ
һۻΪ׵ĺ˫һըһӴ糱ˮһ㣬ӿ
½֮Ȼ̺ͬǿͬʱȴֳһɺڰа񡢻ԵһһֽȻͬϣȻͳһ
໣
ֻһĳХĽ͵سſȫǽۿɼٶѸٰθߣһɫ·Ķ֣ȻһӣѸٱ鲼塣Ǻɫ·һͼڣأ̺һδ֪
ֻ꣬ڷһ죬ںɫ·γɵɲǣͷըҲһأԭ߳ߣֱͻƾųߣ˵֫ɱô׳ޱȣվͬԶʱľһ㡣

컯Ϊһͷξޣһɲǣ˵ϢǺֹһ䣬ǧأһըͬһ㣬Ѹʧԭء
񡤺ޣ
ֻһ󱩺˳ɲǣλһͬʱȫΪһ޴ĺɫޡ
飬û˿ԥٳ޵ɲǣϺ죬Ծ˵ٶȴӸ塢аˡ˴峤
һɲǼ䣬սţΣޱȣ嶼΢΢ɫһԳôඥ֣ȻЩԼʦһ򾡣ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ܿͻع
ߣһǵһǣͬ·õڶ𣿣
Ц
½֮𡢾ݱ֮Ħֻ֮ʼԵһݣ˵Ȼ亦ȴҲ˶ָƣҪֻԸֱ쿪۶ֻ˽⣬Щ˶Ȳ
ʦ峤Ǽ½֮ľͽˣ

ڵÿһͻһ߻ħΣգҼڵơ½֮ȴֻͬȻԵޱȣŨҵĻϢȴͬʱ̺ž˵ģŵǿǡǡҪġƾ½֮ǿ壬߻ħʹΣա
飡
𶯣һΣѸʧս⻹һ𹥻
ˣھԭλ߲ĵطƾճ֣һ̤һ½״̬ĺͷɲǼ䣬Ľŵ׾ͷ·һ޴һ㣬ǿҵľ޴ܵɫԾţ˲Ϣ·ٴ뺣һ㣬ûڡ
ܣ
½״̬ĺȻ۾۵Ĳ˼顣䣬𾪵ͬʱ˫͵سͷȥڰ½״̬£ָͱøҰһ㣬ޱȣĳ̶ֳϣȵҪöࡣ
㻹ȥɣ
ʱһͷ
ҽţһӴ·ǧɽһ͸ҽţݺ̤ȥ໣ֻһҺ𶯣ǿޱȵİ½״̬ĺˣʱ̤֮У𿪵ذ壬ͷ­ҽ˴֮С
Щȷʵǿ󣬸ֹޱȣձȻ߻ħϾǽӽ΢ǿߣǴﵽͬľ磬в
ھǵͷ½ٴγ֣Ķ֡˵ǰ½״̬ĺˡ


1331 񹦣
һһ½״̬ĺˣһݣû˿ԥ½״̬ĺȥ˳ͬʱһǿţ̲塣
ôһݵĽ֣ĶûжΨڽӽ߳ɵ½֮ȫڡ
Ȼˡ
ܵͬϪˮ徫һٳ֡

һĻһӿдоų߶ߣʵԳ۹󽫵ĺ죬͵س˹ȥĿꡣ
СϷǰֵõ˵
ʱһϵޱȡûеȺ췴ӦɲǼ˹һӴͷֻƳһۣɫ䡣¡Уһֻɫľ޴ƣɽ壬Խ͵شͷ
ã
ɫ䣬ʯ䣬ȫһɫĦ֮ϷȥȻȻ͹аһƵ
¡𶯣̳𣬾һȺ˵ĿУʵߵĺֻһ£ǹɺƴģĪܵ͵ػ׻һ㣬ҽһ˴֮С
죡
һĻ˷ԭڣɱĺˣһʱɫ䡣жԺʵΪߣͬʱҲǶԸ塢аˡ˴峤ɱﵡ
ʵѾﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĵزǷصĵ۹󽫣ҲȫƾһͿ׵Ļκε۹󽫡ɫĦ֮پߵϣܹԸ˿»ڡ
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼһ棬ͱ˰˴˲Һ֯˶ʹ̶ܳȣֱǲġ
һɲǼ䣬սϵնʱ΢ı仯ߣÿ˶з
һȺϣҲϷǰ
һ࣬а˳ɢֻһӲţԣ鲻ŭͬһʱ䣬һӴģηϢҲϱ
һаƺֻص˵߳ƣɡΪ̸֮ɫаһ˵ʱЩˣһ٣ٶ׷ɱԼĵӣҲа˵Ĵɣĵŭ
Ȼ⵽ӵıѣ˶֪ڴ֮ǰаǡǡ̵ġ
죬ɵǣ
ͻȻһȴһʵںĸֳֳָ֣а˵ˣеȻʵǿ챻ƣκжܹ졣
ڶĸͽӹָȨ
飬û˿ԥܵĺһϢһ̤ͬһ㣬Ӹر壬ʼǵصչ˶
ͣһĳգ͵ļͷ£ͬʱڶ˳󣬶ȭͷȼϺɫľݱ֮𣬳ȥ

һޣʩչնݣ˲а˵󡣻ɵĺޣ붯лĵꪡǹЮϺ棬󺣣֮а˺ȥ
Ҳ˴峤
ôôִԲ򣿡
һ̾Ϣ˴峤Źȣ͸һ˿Σ
Ϸɱ֮ƣҲֲˡ
䣡
ƺƣһâ˴峤ͬһʱ䣬˴峤â㣬˵ĿУһ˴峤
ͭףԣ䣬һ޿ƥеĸо
һ̣ˣԭյ˫˫֮ûȴֻϸСƴ˳չȻ¶һ
Σ
֪˭˳һϳ񣬺Ȼ˵УﾡаΡ
˴峤ٻλʱɢһŨҵɱ֮ľ
ﾡа
˴峤ĿݣеĹһ㣬ɲǼ䣬ɫĹ˺ɫꪣ˴峤Ҳ˲ʧԭء˴峤ʧͬʱһһͻȻ񲻶ʧȥĿһֻһ˫˫۾ţ¶ȿ־Ĺâ
䣬ֻһ춯صıը˴峤ٳֵʱѾڴſڣһϳһѪ۶ôۺƺȫ赲ס˴峤Ĺ
ֻ˳һ춯صľ죬Щˣǰ½״̬Ǻ״̬ȫҵıըΪĺɫҽɷƮ
񹦣
˴ǿľѧû֪Źʲô˴峤Ҳֻ֪˴ŹˡֻẒ́ǳ
˴峤ҲǾ˹֮սŸ򵽵ġһս֮ǰ˴峤ʦаѾӴһЩ΢Ķˡ˹֮սȴһĿ˴ﵽ΢һܿɹĿΪġͻƹ̡
һս˴峤а˶ࡣ
˴峤ġ񹦡ʱġСﾡаεѧ֮һʩչŹܶԷжôۺʽôӲףô赲񹦶ͻƶԷķ
Ҫǣ˴峤ͨ񹦣ӰԷڵԷ޷ЩͻȻôӲһԭأԭ
ֻһУƵľ¥˲峡룬˵ǺˣҲһ⡣
ǿĹ
֮ǰ·ϣż˴峤ᵽһ㣬˵һ£һ¡Щ˵ʽǿرЩ˺޵ĺˣҲôһиɾĸɵǡ˴峤ǰЩһغ϶֧Ųˡ
ô飡ߣߣ
һĻ˸¶𾪵ɫû˾ȻôѿУδӵʵһɶˣһսûһëɱ룬ʵǿҲˣٴȥѾûκϣˡ
ͣ
û˿ԥһ˴һӣ͵سһѶ̷ĩȻк˷һ㣬˷ܶȥ
ߣ
һĻЦһһ컯ٴγ֣ܵٴƿ֮С
ˣȥɣ
׼ֵʱʦа˵ͻȻڶԥһ£һըԭڵΪ⣬¡һеĶͬשȫ˳ȥ
Ũɢȥ¥ֻʣ塢аˡ˴峤һа̤ڽµĺ졣֣СȻᡣ
˵ǵʲôˣΪʲôһֱҵͽ׷᣿
аһֻ̤ںϣһζڵ϶á


1332 ˵ļɵ
Ϊһ˵𣿡
ſڵϣﺬѪǿŤ˷Ц
ʵǿţаǰȴ˿ǡؿںͺϣʮһѪڵӴ͸ЩѪͣųȥֻһƣа˴
ߣ˵ҲǣȻҲûбҪˡ
а˵ЩÿһҳޱȣѴǿʳʲôϢ
ٺ٣⣬Ҳ˶ãǵ࣬ɾ뢣ҪɱˣûܹˡҴˣҪҼɣŴҪһҲǣʦͽҲ̫ˡ
֪
Ժǰſа˸ᣬһ̤һɰĻ״ݻ
Ϊкպаۣа˲֪ɱˣȻںһ˵в
һ£ʦ
ʱ忪ˡߵǰ
ʦһôҰɣ
ǺǣҲѣҺ飬Щò˵ġ
嶢
㣡
ɫ䣬ƺͻȻ뵽ʲôȻûеȵڡˣһӴľ·ˮһƿնû뵽˵Ժ֮С
ˣֻһգۣľйբ֮ˮһ㣬뵽˺Ժÿһ֮С
Ȼ߻ħǾӰ졣ľѾǿˣڵص׼λǰ󣬸ܵǵľУǱǿޱȡľһ·׷ܿ˺ڵĽơ
䣡
ֻͬһ壬һ·򿪵᲻ɴݵıݣȻ
ס֣
ɲǼ䣬һֱ̩ȻĺڻˣǿȻ书ߣ˾ľͲֻһ롣
ˡ
ǰһƬɵĹ⻪ͬһʱ䣬һ⻹һδָ߼ĺھϢȫעС

ǰһƬĮĮķɳֲڵĴϣ˻ɫɰʯԶһ绯ĸͬƶľһ㣬ɽԶ̳¿ȥվƬУĬĬĹ
죬ҲǰһɫۣݵλߵǿߡΧһɢܣΧ䡣
СȷʵǸ˸УܷǣҪԸ¾ϼˡҪԸھʦоͿ֣׵ȨҲԼǣΪʲô˷ǵðʦ֮ٶ֣
쵥ϥڵϣ
ڻʱ򣬾Ǹͳʱڵʵ̫ͣע⣬ֻҪһע⣬һбȻͬʦ֮رᣬĸǱڰУʱûаܶԸ
ǴŻɫ۵˱ֵ
⻰͵زһ£
˵ʥʣ
ʥʺųһˣ嶼ûЩ˶ʥʾȻ˼ɵ
⡭ˣ
Ǻڵϵ
ʦеǸСӵһʱ֮ҵǸˡϢصĵطһǻĵطڳСҰ쵰ӻ󰡣
ǴŻ۵Ӱ
ֻǹţҲ廰
Ҹʮ£ʹ㣬ǸСӣҪĶ
ǴŻ۵
峢ſӣֻܿһƬģӰ

˵䣬վȻһоͱģ֪ļѾȡꡣ
ⲻܣܣȻԶȡļ䣡
ʱһŭӵ𣬺ڻع־ŭʹʱ޷óȵģھи֪һĻƹȥãʵУҲһ벻

üͷһ壬Ц
ߣ˵ʲôˣǰԲصסܣ
һ̣徫ȥȡܡһǿȡ䣬˵Ѿкܴջˡ֪ܲĵģĲ㼶ԿԽӴܶĵܡ
䣡
ľǵأѸ糱ˮһ㣬Ժ̽Ѱȥһ̣飬ײһͭǽһ㣬ľȫء
ĸ֪УԺܣͺһһ㣬Ҫ̽иܣͱɾɵĸݡ
׷ˣʮһرһؼ̣һرһӴܴΧĵһѾ൱ףҪȡܾܣ
ʱ򣬺УŤŲӣʹ壬Ŀ¶Ц
ܶôǿߣҪ֪̽ܣľǿߣҲֻܴΧĽƣѾǼˡ
𣿡
Ц
ҵҪԣǵǲô
û˿ԥ֮֮ǰӴľʯײһ㣬ײԺеڶ
¡ɽȻͬľײһһɲǣ塰ԺһɫĽƺƴޱߣͻȻ֣ԺҪľȫľײȥʱɫĽƱ棬Ȼֳһ޴ĺɫ֡
ûм֣ǳӣ·֮սʱ׭ҪϣҸһ̺ĸо

ǵһμϳǴϵķĩ֮ʱӴָָͬ书ͼصģֶַóȥַֻ֪ͣĳ֣ƺǽԼصĸУҺع˹Ӷ߱
ͻʺе֣֮ȴͼķ֮Ժеķأ֪ǿٱ

廹һ̽ҳƵʱͻȻһëȻĲҽӶдȻɫŤ𣬶סǿס۾ȫѪˮģޱȡ
ĽƷˣ
аɫص˵ʱ򣬺֮ѪˮԽԽ࣬ҿʼתڣڵҲԾ˵ٶȼ˥

аգ޺޵ҧӽٶȳԺеĵڶƣϣ챩֮ǰȡܡȻһѾˡ
˵ԺУ忴ԭɫĽƣͺһī֭һѸٵɽתڣҼɢƣֹˣĽһε£ʼֱӽĴԡ


1333 Ϸˣˣ

ʱ򣬺˫ֱͷ˫۷ף亹꣬зһ˵ĺУͺһ㡣
ɣˣ
а˵Ӷߴɿƣֻ˻鴤Ϻһ㹭ӣڵʹķţȻһͦ³һһ£зĵ棬ȫǰ߰ߵѪ
Χĵģӣ塢˴峤аˣ˭û˵ر˴峤˵֯¼ϣһ£һ£Ȼ֮ǰӦó˼ǿҵģʹࡣ
Щһﻹ伫
а֮ǰͶЩûʲôøУھ͸ˡ
ӣԺõʲôϢ𣿡
ʱ˴峤˹ʵ
ţ
˵ͷ
Щ鷳Щ˽ֻһЩǰѣмļһ⣬ͺʦ֮ǰķһǵĻȷʵ
һ˵һ߽ԼӺϵõϢһ˵˳
Ļ˴峤а˶ĬȻ֮ʧˣʣ廹Ǵϵõ˺ܶõϢ
֮е鷳ˡ
а˵üӹһ
Ժ˵ɣ֮ǻӦþ뿪
һԵ˴峤
伫һܿƼҵĵؽ﷢ƹСʬ壬سУҲ൱˱ǻɱ
һĻҲǰгݡ
ЩͷųֻȡһЩںһ֮˺ܿ뿪
գ뿪֮󲻾ã̳ﴩźɫ·۴䣬ͷϴŶңѹõ͵͵ģѸٳسУڵľ¥ǰͣ
ˣսѾ
һӵ
ȥ
ͻȻһƽƽ߲ͣȴ͸һλߵϣȻһ˵졣
ѸѾľ¥սҵĵطͣ¥һˣֻһѲƵשʯ
ʬȫˣĦ֮ζ
Ŀɵģ
ĿɨһۣѸںĵطͣ
񳹵ʧܣĿеĻҪ֣ټˡ
һŶҵĹŹӿڵ
һȺΪȻ˱ȶ֣ϧ߰ɣĿˣϿϲܵʧߣӲԶ

һ˦ȥһѸֻһԽ˻һѸʧķȥ
ʱ󣬾һǰͣǰ׵£˶סˡ
쵰Ǳˣˣ
˵ɫѿѣӽų㣬ʱӦѾ׷ˣʵˡ
Ȼߵʱ򶼰һ
취ҵĿλãҪ֪ǵ䣡
Ϊ׵ҧгݵ
ǣ

ʱȥڽʱ˵ǹһΰȵӣҲûܵκ˵Ĺ

ϥĺһۣ峺ࡣ
⼸ʦϴ峤İ£޳ڲߵԺ࣬ԭ˴˳ͻҲȶرһսյ½ִ֮ڣԿҵӡ
ԺܸߣѾܿʦķһʱţܲ־Ҫ֣һҺʦ㶨⣬򲻵Ѷ֣ܲܶô컯Ĺ;ҪʹžѧҺʦڵ״̬ڲе£սյĹǿжͻڵƣ˼ͼܵʦһ飡
˶ʦС΢ʮ궼ûг⣬ɢܻ֮壬ǧ򲻿ɴ⣡
˴峤
л峤ס
⼸죬ʦ峤Ϧദȶϵƣ˽ϵ⣬ȻϵƻûȴоԼ˲١
ǰͿ쵽ˣ֮һƬߣûʲô˼ңȴۼ˲ٸ֣ǱҪҪ¶вأϾڵ˶֡
һϵӶߴһԣаͻȻڵ
˵£а˵࣬ⲻ˴峤һˣһۼ˴֣˴峤ҲҪСġ
ף
幧˵ʱͻȻһ
ǣܲˣ
Ѳرͼ
ԶԶĳ˵ķ󣬾ƿգǾ˱ը֮ңҲűһϵ
ڣһӰüͷ΢壬˭Ҳû˵֪һ鲻̫ƽҲû뵽ôԶûͷͻ֮ĳɱˣָһ죬ӣ⿴ȥ
ԶԶģɽأھ˻ĵطֻУһǰһڽ֡ǰӰα仯ܾȫƴֵƺҪڻǰܡԲǶ֡

ֻһĲҽУû˸Ϲȥ󷽶ϺļˣϣһԵڵءһʸָҲӺɽһǰǵߡ
ֻһӰһһ
һսκԤģĻҪö࣬Ҫ֣Ҳˡ
ˣȥɣ
һӶߴаƺ֪ʲô
ȻطƫƧƸӣ߲̾ô꣬ȻټٵĲرͼ˲٣һҵ̫޼Ԫɹ˶ûУҲгɹطֻһ䡮رͼпɱ֮˵ˡܲġ
Ϊ̸ɫаֳۣɱȻѾˣƲ㲨
Ȼˣȥɡ
ԥһ£ţܿ˳ȥƬ֮󣬸ϵ򶷵ĵص㣬һ͹꣬Ѫ߰ߡսѾµϺһ߾ʬ塣
ˣ
忴һۣ̾ϢЩϵӦˣȻڳλ˳Щ˵ĽȴǺۼɽе׷ɱоսϵɱȻͬ

׼뿪ʱͻȻһϷһı͸ӣָͻȻʶĺһ


1334 
ţ
һͣ첽˹ȥ
գҲþһҪˡ
̽һ
ָ㣬סϼҪѨֹסѪֶһȥס˵Ȼһ壬Ѹȥ
ȻţҲ컯
һĻа˺˴峤Ҳ졣һԣ˴峤ȡһöҩܿιȥȻа˺˴峤һһңͬʱһֻƣϣʼơ
˵ֻҪһڣûǾȲ˵ˡȻֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ǵɫʱࡣ
ͣ
һĺ
˭
Ԥϣۣ˵ɲǣһľһģ󵯿룬һɫ
һĻͬʱüͷΪ˾ٻһлַӦԤȫͬ
ˣƻûкã
ʱ˴峤
Ȼɫ԰ףңôһ򵥵Ķʹͷðܵ亹
ҲǹܣҲǾȣΪҲ֪𣿣Щ̰СˣΪ˴ɽģ
һؿڣɫִ֣Ŀоɫˡ
ɽ
忴ǰˣ΢΢üͷ飬ʱһľײУֻ˺޺޵ĿһۣһײţǿƣԶݶȥ
˳ǿжǲ֪
а˿˵ıӰһ׷ϵ˼ûСѵó־һȴ𱨣̬ȣҪ壬ǰͳְˡ
ˣȥɡ
忴ȥıӰ֪Ϊʲôֵֹֹĸо
ɽ磡ĹթĪ⣬˶ԷһҲδػм㣬˵ֵطĲһ㣬ֲһ㣬ҲΪʲôᶼûɽԭ򡣡
а
û˵ֻȥǰ˵Ļ
ɽɽ
˼֪Ϊʲôһָоε֮Ѿʲôʦ֪ı仯
˺ܿʧӰ٣˵Ҳֻ֮΢С۶ѣ¡¡ܿ쾭Ǵ꣬Զȥ

Ҳڼ뿪֮󲻾ã񶯣һֻɫӥų򣬺ܿϿշɹ
Ҳǰʱʱ䣬ʮ˴˷㼯ϵϢޱȣΪ׵ģȻˡ
ܲԶˣȥҪУ
Ϊ׵Ķ˵
׷
һ֣ʮͬڣѸʧķȥ

֮УǻҪȥһˡϴҺϴ峤һ̽յʱʶġж»Ҫİ
ꤣаڳͻȻڵ
Ŷ
һ죬Ԥϡڴ֮ǰδʦ˵һˣʦ˴峤ʵʵǺ󵽵ʲôҪ֣ضԴ˵ͷȥѰҲرͼȥ
Ҫе׼Ǹ˵ԸеŹ֡
һԣϴ峤ҲͻȻڵ¶һ˿Цݡ
жʱԽĺˡ
֪ˣ
а˴Цһѵõӡ
ǰھһƬֵʱһͻȻڱŷ
ͣ
һȻֹ壬аˣ˴峤˴ţܿӳ˳
λ͵ͷ𣿡
ǰһͷ­̽˳һʮӣ˰ӣ˵ʱҲηηľ¡
Ǻǣǵͷˣĵͷˣ
Ťͷһ΢Ц
ӣʲô˼
壬ľ£һ߻ͣĴܡ
ˣװˣˣ
һԣа
ϣңҲ֪˵ʲô
ӣԽĲˡ
Ȼ˿ȴ˿Ϊ
֪ߣ֪ܿˣ
嵭ȻһЦʳжָһһɽ͵һ̴ᣬֱųǰȥ

һʧ롱һȥһ̣ȻԺܹ֮һһصĵڵϡ
ǰ㻹Ҫװ𣿡
忴׾ӵıݣЦ
һָ⣬Ҳܱܹģٲʧ롱ܱܹġ
ңҲ˵ʲô˸һЩµˣѧ书ҲģܲΪͻҰɡ
һ·࣬ǵǲǮҲˣȻҡ
־ŭ
Ǻǣ֮۵Ӧúܿ͹˰ɣ
ͺûĻЦЦ
ˣ
仰ϻǸ־ŭɫͫȴһɲǲ¶һӲɫ
ǺǣҲûϵЩˣÿԺﶼʮ벻ǣֻûд㣬̽һ¾֪ˡ
һ˵ţһߴ󲽳߹ȥͬһʱһӴľüĻۣ˲Ϣ׵ƿն
һɲǣԭ־ŭһԩӵ򣬶ʱɫ䡣
䣡
һһӴľصײԺСһӴľƣ֣ʮ

徫ײһڵϣ˲صĿĶˣڲΡ
Щ쵰һ·Ͼҵҵû¶κǾƳġ
һж̫ͻȻˣôû뵽ƽʱֱͨͨߣͻȻͣɱ֡
һԣ˴峤̾Ϣһ
سôҵսֵ̫ˣЩ˳ֺ¥ƹСЩͨˣҲͿˣȴһȫɱ⡣ǽ¥ôþȻδЩ˵ĺֻһ⡪
ͬ
΢΢һЦ˴峤ѺĻ˵˳
ʲô
ڴסˣһĲţ
ǴǸʱͿʼˣ
Цһܲˡ
ȻˣΪʲôʱɱңҪȵڣ
ҧгݵ
Ϊȱ򰡣
ȻһЦ
쵰
̲ⷬסȻŭ飬һһɺɫķĩĴ߷£Ϊһɹḷ́㣬˾ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ֻݣһϸϵţëһķ룬˵


1335 ͼˣ
飡
Ȼھ˻ɵʱ򣬾ͷ·һһ㣬еĺ̺Ͷ룬׷໮ȥ䣬ֻһеĺ̡ȫٲϳȥ
Զ֮ززԶȥ
󷽣塢а˻˴峤˭ûжȻҪӳԵʱһ̣䣬ţë룬ձ滨꣬Զ
ֻһĲҽУܳ˺üȻǰ˵˵ϡ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ӲڣõĿһ㡣
߰ɣûеȵ˺ܿͻҪ˺̫
ʰһ¶ܿ뿪ʱȥ뿪һʱ󣬷ХǧҶʱ粨һâһ˴Ϸݶ£˷ߣֻǿһ΢΢ɫ
¶ˣЩһеĻҪ
һ˵
Ŀһת˺ܿע⵽ԶֱߵһӰ
ߣ
˻࿴һۣȥһʱӹɵľ룬ʬԱߡʬ屻˵ϣѱķڣԣõһ֣СС񲻳ɾ⣡
Ǵ
쵰
һֻȭͷŴͬʬһɷ顣

һ·ǰУԼʱ֮һڸϵĿĵءһȺɽԵڣڷֲĵط޴Ĳΰʮ׸ߣεضƬԵ÷ǳر
һ֮Уа˺˴峤ϵˡ
Щԣ
֪˶ãаüͷ
ѾԼʱ䣬ôûе
е㲻òǳ˰ɣ
һ˴峤Ҳüͷ
ƸӣɳɱǳԭʱҲҲԤϡ

ʱͻȻ֮񶯣һֻɫŸ֮з£˶
ͻȻĶ˵ע⡣
а֣סŸ룬ժż㣬ֻǿһ۶ʱɫ
ˣߣ
а˶˵żǰȥ
˴峤һа󣬳ǰȥ
ֻŸ룡
а̧ͷһգŸʶ;ҵŵˣͬҲҵдŵˡ
ʦô£
ڸ·;У̲ס
һΣаûԭ֮ǰа˺˴峤һͼʦƢͶһʱ䣬Ҳĳ̶ֳȵĺѡ
Һ˴峤ϸĵ飬汦ػǼٱأһΧŴͼҺ˴峤Ǵ˵ˣȱ˵İǺҵĴɹ
˺ʱԼʱ;ٵʵҲӡ֤ҵжϣû⣬ӦԼĳˣ
а˵磬ϵĴľ䴩ܼ֣Ҳס
忴һʦıӰû˵ȴ˼
ʦԸЩر𣬺ʲôܹķۣͨҲѱΪѡܺ˴峤ͣһ·УͬѰҴɹѾˡ
ͼʦΪѵģضй֮
ХӰȥ˼ʱ򣬺Ȼǰâһÿտ
ǰһƬյϷһ·׷ֻɫŸ룬ͻȻ֮ͣͺͷӬһĴųвϵǲ¡
һĻ˶ʱĬˡ
Ӧþĳң
аɫأü亱¶һ˿
ԣﲢûд򶷵ĺۼ
ʱͻȻڵƬ̵ʱ䣬ѾܣΧһЩӡûκҵĺۼ˵Ǵ򶷵ĺۼһңȻսܱ°ӡ
а˺˴峤һѣʱҲע⵽Χ˵üͷʱԽˡ
ֻˣֻŸҲе㲻Ծ
ſе
ѰŸ·ˣҲһֱڿӥôӥȸŸ룬Ҳû
ķϼһ
ڼ˼ʱͻȻһϵУ͸ɣ
ô
ϵͻ¡¡ضҡû˷ӦµĴһƬ𶯡󣬾𶯵ĿУԼһʮĵطԭһֻһƬɳĵطâ仯һһ˶ߺɫʯͻȻ޵Уӿлֵ֣Ĵϣǵڶ飬顭
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Ӱ仯˵ǰһʯʯ˶ʯһС͵ɽһ㣬ĳֹɣµķֲڵϡ
ǡ
⾪˵һĻҲ̲סƤ𶯡һɲǣԺ뵽ʲôȻûȵ忪ڣһ̣âһͻ𣬾ĿɿڴĹâУһŻ۵٪壬вһŸĻҰ׺룬ĿĴ˳
ϼһԭǲҺͷֻΪ㱻׽ˣ
а˺˴峤ǻ۵٪˴Цȥޱȡ
ʦеͼˣ
а
ԣһϱû˵ˡҲ֪ʦϴ峤ôʶġ
ߣôܣЩ쵰ץҲһˣǱҼʯͷˣת
ͼߵһĲм
Ȼ㻹ŸԮ
а˹Цӡ
ķϻ쵰ΪаҾͻ㣬ʲôʱԮˣ
ͼǺ죬ӵۣĿһתܿ䵽ϣһ˺ܵĳִ̼һ
Сӣʲôʲô۹⣡ǲǾҸߣǲƲ㰫ˣŲϷժͷ­һߣ
ͼ˶ͷŭɶͺʲô캦Ĵһ
пЦãʲôûû뵽ͼ˻ͻȻѡ
СΪߵ⣬Ա˵ĿǳУ㲻úһƽϡ
ʱһϸţͻȻӶߴ˴峤ĻͷƳһֻۣһ˴峤ǺЦЦӯӯĺƽӴͬ
ķô£Ǻ˵жΣأҪЩĵ˽ⱦ֮ޱȣǾȻʮ˾ҰСӡ
ͼŭתа˷ѡ
ֲҪᣬķֵĵӣʲôˡ
˴峤ʱЦ
ӣ
ͼԱķһۣҪ
ΣҹʲôӣӿɲһֱŸ׸Ͽȥ


1336 ˣ
䣬ʱһը΢ЦָһһƵĽͼʯ˲佫öڽʯը÷顣
ǰͲõˣԱ֮еġ
ջָƵ
һɲǼ䣬ΧͼĿ壬һֶ˵
ôܣ
ǰʮ˾꣬ͼһƬκˡ
ЩʯȻ͵ȡģÿһ鶼ʵؼӲȸҲ˶١
ҪǣոնܳҵʱѾ󷨽ЩʯΧڵĵΪһ塣ֻǴ󷨣ûн֮ɢȥһָܽеһöʯը÷飬ܶඥĸֶ޷
ôл˵𣿶Ѿ˵ϷĵӣΪǼ֮𣿡
аۺ룬ʱڿ˵
⺢ƢԣһָǡôöסСੲݵ͡
ߣ书߾˲𰡣
ͼɫڨڨ˲٣ϻϷ䡣
а˺˴峤״ЦҲǺͼ˵һʶˣҲȥ˵
߰ɣؿҲˡϢй¶ɽ˲ˣǿҪӿˣ
аһ˵һǰȥ

Щӣ̫޼ԪɹѾܾûϢˣ֪ðŲرͼƬϢָҶоڹմҹһұ磬һʱ䣬Ѿ˶ʮನȻĵҶˣ
һ·ǰУͼ˿ʼ˵顣
ʲô
ĵ֣屾ܵüͷΪƵⷽΪС
ǰ֪Щĵĸ۹𣿡
ʵ
֪ĵҶһֲʲô£
ͼ˰һۣû
尵ЦҲƽϣ֪ǶԼʦа˺˴峤ǰ¹ڻ
⣬ķԼҪСˣβֹҵĳˣɽǸ϶ͷҲˣһٴʮɵˣǽİõǡôһľճŲڵϣ洦ɼҸоۼôĸ֣ºкܴϵ
ͼֱȻţһ˵ţһŤͷƳаһۣĿǵǡ
аû˵˵ɫȴһɲǶȻޱȡɫҲɽе£رǵ걻˰飬ʦһֱǻĪԴӱԼ֮ʦƺĺ͹ȥѡ
ˣ壬Ҳ֪걻˰飬ֻ֪ԼǸʦ֣Ӧ˸ؼӵá
һȦ󣬿ֻصԭ㡣
ʦɽеĶԹҲƲȥ
ʦǸ꺦ġʲôˣ
ͻȻǰѹ
㲻Ҫܣɽˮǳ룬ǣУǺ¡飬ΪʦԼðɣ
а˵Щԥһû׷ʡʦɽŷɥаһˣֶĺȻ仰˵ġ

Хһ˸ոǰûԶűֽţͻȻɽͷƮ˹ǰԶĵطƮһɲ̧ͷ˹ȥֻһۣ˶ʱ׷ױɫ
ǱֽϣīʻһͣȻʷֲڣǸֽ֡ϵüۡʾȻа߷ơ
ಣ
ָһţѾƮȥıֽɶأС
׷аķײжɱ飬˵ö֮Ĵħͷַ׷ɱκһִӰϱϢ߾͵ظɱԸħа֮ˣظ֮ʣʹκֶλɱⲡҪҪʬκṩϢ߻ɱⲵˣ˶͡
֡Ȼ滹и׺׵ͼ
Ųģɫࡣ
ʧֵģ̶ʱڣͳϱеţӴȻķҲʲôˣȷʵɱ̫̹࣬ڣЩˣߣʮαӣ
һӶд֪ʲôʱͼҲ˹ĲмͼΪİСеĲֻͷӱֽı濴һһͣһǰһ󣬿ͬһŲģǳ
ߣ
ͼ͸ֽϷݺݵĵ塣
ǣǣ
аЦͼֻǽӴһʱ䣬Ҳ֣ͼȻϲˣĵȴֻǣΪߵԭ򡭡κ˵Ŀ⣬ܿֻҪǳС
ʶ࣡
ͼջĿ⣺
ǰǲرͼָʾĴˣΪرͼȱȱ㹻ϢĿǰֻȷһŵķΧҲһǧƽķΧôܽһСʮ궼һҵõ
ӣ̾ʲô˶ˡѾǰŪ˸ݵ㣬ܺܺõĹ۲쵽ƬǸһɣǴһҲʱܿǵЩҡ⣬׷ɱǵô࣬ͷңǻǸαװһ°ɡ
ͼ˵ţͻȻӿ˼ߵǰ·ߵһ£һ̽ԻĿУƾץһ˹
мɽ·ȻССɣû֪αװȴ㹻ˡ
һĻ嶼ˡͼѾǳϤλ֮ǰһжѾźˡص󷨣˸оǣ嶼֪طʲô
лǰ
һѽӹ
Сӣ˵
һд󣬼ٳͼȰźõľݵȥ
ǰ͵ˣɽǡȹ۲ˣȻλò룬ǹڵƸߡνǸԶվ԰ĵζСҲ¡
Լʱͼָǰ
ͼ˵Ļһ˲ԾŻ˽Ų̧ͷ˳ͼ˵ָȥֻԶһֱƣƬɽĵشԵüĿ
ǸطȷʵκζӦܹܿ췢֣
аһͼطѡò
ţ
˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬Ķ䶶˶һСҲƬ̵ʱ䣬Ȼ֮һԶԶ
ʲôˣڴˣ
סŤͷȥֻŰɫǰ̫ɺͼˣӸһɽϣ̤ң˵ķ
ãЩˣ
ͼɫ΢䣬ʶƳаһۡа˵ĲģڷƬ򵽴ǡֻҪЩ˹а˵ݣ˵Ĵ־ͻӵ


1337 ִݵ㣡
ķͷӣǿ·ãţЩ˽ӦҸǰŵǸɣ˽˲࣬Сһ㣬Ӧÿǣ
ͼ΢΢ЩҲû̫ԥŲϢ˵Ӷȥ
һ£
ʱһ͸һսϡͼ˽һ٣Ļعͷֻһ·ϹûôڵаˣͻȻǰӹͼˡЩݶ˵ӣа͸һɭȻζ
صССӶѣòô鷳Ϸɵʱ򣬾ɵϷǰҴ˼꣬ѵϷҪڼСǰڲɣ
䣡
һ̣ͼ˴㵵ĿУаǰͣʳжָָ罣漴һһɾ˵˳ֱţˣԶԶȥֻһȦȦʵʣӿĲΰ㣬˷𵴿ȥ
ķˣ
һĻͼ־ŭıаݣҪ˵ע⣬ôǱۡҪ˵ĸַӵǾ鷳ˡ
ȱԼɣ
а˵û˿Ĳ
ͼʶĳԶȥһ̣͵ĿУݶ˵ӣͻȻͣǳˣа˵ڵλãһɲ
ಣ
ͼΪǻʱ򣬼ɫ԰ףתͷͷҲصĳԶݶȥٶȱʱ졣
⡭
ͼ˿Ŀɿڴ
ɽУǿʳνɵӣҲר󡣷İɣ췢飬ǻȥԺһš
а˵û˷ӦѾƮƮǰȥ
һȣ
ͼ˽һæȥֻվں󷽣һЩ˵뿪ķ΢΢üͷ˼
ӴһֱǳúսɽԼе¹֪ǺʣôƬ̣ʦаѾһ̵ּķʽһΡ

һ𣬺ܿȥ

ɽϣһͣ
΢紵ɽйɹɵðһƬ
ϼһѡ˵ط
а˺˴峤ֻǿһۣ˵ͷ
طȷʵ
ҲߵǰĿôã⻹һοĵòرͼָ򣬴ԼλԱͻʺ֮ĳشﶫɽ࣬деľվɽĿƽߴһƬƺƵĿɳޱ޼ʣҲܿһȦȦӿ
ĪӵıԵĪӺųư˰ĪӺеĲͬҪࡣһ̣ͻʺ䶼ٵ
ȻվɽĿȥƬɳĮɽ䣬ɽƽͣӰ´£Ӱһȥٿʮڿз裬Լݣ̫ɺ׵İɫΪĿȥ˳ĵǧ֮ࡣĸ֪СиƣʮϢòضԴ
ٺ٣ߡɵӣһ߰һƬ׺ͣҪ˼죬ﻹ֪Ҫ˶ˡ
ʱͼͻȻӺٺЦֵĲ´ͼǰɽˣҲΪԭ򣬲ܺɽη壬̸ɫĴħͷаһ
ϼһ˵ˣҪ
аͻȻŻ
ٺ٣
ͼһЦû硣ͼǰԶһ鲻۵ġʯƬȻǰԶһϡ¡¡ֻһ춯صľ죬һзһ֮ǰʯǰʯķΧǳ޴󣬼൱һСʯˡͼ˻ڵ̺ӣ滹˺üΣҪǣͼ˾Ȼ׼˴ʳָࡢˮȻƶС⼸൱һǳʵСˡ
ϼһˡ
һξаҲһ˿ɫͼ׼÷ǳ֣Ĵ˶ˡ
˺ܿ춯֣ʰһ
һ··ҲЩӶˣȡһЩˮ򵥲һ
㷹һ̸еĿġ
ʦ̫޼ԪɹĲرͼټ٣ô꣬ҵرͼ˲٣ҵصһûУȷľ𣿡
οӣˮеһˮʳеɻ
ȻҲţԼʦǾرͼӦģҵһ£еһ¡嵽ڶ޷ȷرͼָʾĵصһ顣
٣СӣͲˣ̫޼Ԫɹָ޼ʲô޼ָľǬ
ͼ͵ĨһѺϵľգʼһŪ
ϸߵشĪɳĮǸںĮĮĿɳ˹ﶫɽ࣬һƬڷˮӦ˴ɵ޼֡С֣̫֮䣬Ӵĸ˵Ǵ֮֡
СߵֺӦ˷ˮеڣߺһĴǬ֮֡Ҫǣϸȥͻ֣ᷢƬɳĮƬĵشһֽĸ֣
ͼһ˵ţһڵϻһSΣ
ĴǬ֣֮ǴɣܷŹοǲرͼָĵطΣ̫޼Ԫɹصصһֻأǻ֪ѡ
ʱΪ⣬ͼ˿ֹ˵ãˮƷͬˡһ̽ԻĿУƾץһ˹
мɽ·ȻССɣû֪αװȴ㹻ˡ
һĻ嶼ˡͼѾǳϤλ֮ǰһжѾźˡص󷨣ƺǣ嶼֪طʲô
лǰ
һѽӹ
Сӣ˵
һд󣬼ٳͼȰźõľݵȥ
ǰɽˣȹ۲ȻλãڵƸߡνǸԶվ԰ѸĵζУҲ¡
Լʱͼָǰ
ͼ˵Ļһ˲ԾŻ˽Ų̧ͷ˳ͼ˵ָȥԶһֱƣƬɽĵشԵüĿ


1338 Ǭ֣֮
Ǹطȷʵκζܹܿ췢֣
аһͼطѡò
ţ
˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬Ķ䶶˶һСҲƬ̵ʱ䣬Ȼ֮䣬һԶԶ
ʲôˣڴˣ
סŤͷȥֻŰɫǰ̫ɺͼˣӸһɽϣ̤ң˵ķ
ãЩˣ
ͼɫ΢䣬ʶƳаһۡа˵ĲģڷƬ򵽴ǡֻҪЩ˹а˵ݣ˵Ĵ־ͻӵ
ķͷӣǿ·ãЩ˽ӦҸǰŵǸɣ˽˲࣬Сһ㣬Ӧÿǣ
ͼ΢΢ЩҲû̫ԥŲϢ˵Ӷȥ
һ£
ʱһ͸һսϡ
ͼ˽һ٣Ļعͷֻһ·ϹûôڵаͻȻǰӹͼˡЩݶ˵ӣа͸һɭȻζ
صɵӶѣòô鷳Ϸɵʱ򣬾ɵϷǰҴѵ˼꣬ϷҪڼСǰڲɣ
䣡
һ̣ͼ˴㵵ĿУаǰͣʳжָָ罣漴һһɾ˵˳ֱţˣԶԶȥֻһȦȦʵʣӿĲΰ㣬˷𵴿ȥ
ķˣ
һĻͼ־ŭıаݣҪ˵ע⣬ôǱۡҪ˵ĸַӵǾ鷳ˡ
ȱԼɣ
а˵û˿Ĳ
ͼʶԶȥһ̣͵ĿУݶ˵ӣͻȻͣǳˣа˵ڵλãһɲ
ಣ
ͼΪǻʱ򣬼ɫ԰ףתͷͷҲصĳԶݶȥٶȱʱҪ졣
⡭
ͼ˿Ŀɿڴ
ɽУǿʳνɵӣҲר󡣷İɣ췢飬ǻȥԺһš
а˵û˷ӦѾƮƮǰȥ
һȣ
ͼ˽һæȥֻվں󷽣һЩ˵뿪ķ΢΢üͷ˼
ӴһֱǳúսɽԼе¹֪ǺʣôƬ̣ʦаѾһ̵ּķʽһΡ

һ񣬺ܿȥ

ɽϣһͣ
΢紵ɽðһƬ
ϼһѡ˵ط
а˺˴峤ֻǿһۣ˵ͷ
طȷʵ
ҲߵǰĿôã⻹һοĵò
رͼָ򣬴ԼλԱͻʺ֮ĳشﶫɽ࣬деľվɽĿƽߴһƬƺƵĿɳޱ޼ʣҲܿһȦȦӿ
ĪɳĮıԵ
ĪӺųư˰ĪӺеĲͬҪࡣһ̣ͻʺ䶼ٵ
ȻվɽĿȥƬɳĮɽ䣬ɽƽͣӰ´£
һȥٿʮڿз裬Լݣ̫ɺ׵İɫΪĿȥ˳ĵǧ֮ࡣ
ĸ֪УиƣʮϢòضԴ
ٺ٣ߡɵӣһ߰һƬ׺ͣҪ˼죬ﻹ֪Ҫ˶ˡ
ʱͼͻȻӺٺЦֵĲ´ͼǰɽˣҲΪԭ򣬲ܺɽη壬̸ɫĴħͷаһ
ϼһ˵ˣҪ
аͻȻŻ
ٺ٣
ͼһЦû磬ǰԶһ鲻۵ġʯƬǰԶһϡ¡¡ֻһ춯صľ죬һзһ֮ǰʯǰ
ʯķΧǳ޴󣬼൱һСʯˡͼ˻ڵ̺ӣ˺üΣҪǣͼ˾Ȼ׼˴ʳָࡢˮȻƶС⼸൱һǳʵСˡ
ϼһˡ
һΣаҲһ˿ɫͼ׼÷ǳ֣Ĵ˶ˡ
˺ܿ춯֣ʰһȡһЩˮ򵥲һЩ
㷹һ̸еĿġ
ʦ̫޼ԪɹĲرͼټ٣ô꣬ҵرͼ˲٣ҵصˣһûУȷľ𣿡
οӣһˮеˮʳеɻ
ȻҲԼʦǾرͼӦģҵһ£еһ¡嵽ڶ޷ȷرͼָʾĵصһ顣
٣СӣͲˣ̫޼Ԫɹ桮޼ָʲô޼ָľǬ
ͼ͵ĨһѺϵľգʼһŪ
ϸشĪɳĮǸںĮĮĿɳ˹ɽ࣬һƬڷˮӦ˴ɵ޼֣С̫֮֡䣬Ӵĸ˵Ǵ֮֡
СߵֺӦ˷ˮеڣߺһĴǬ֮֡Ҫǣϸȥͻ֣ᷢƬɳĮƬɽĵشһֽĸ֣
ͼһ˵ţһڵϻһSΣ
ĴǬ֣֮ǴɣܷŹοǲرͼָĵطΣ̫޼Ԫɹصصһֻأǻ֪ѡ
ʱΪ⡣ͼ˿ֹ˵ãˮƷͬˡС͡Ǭ֮֡ϸȥһĵεȷʵͼ˵һģһ
ȻεĴǬ֣֮֮ءֻ°Լоһ£ΧʲôŨû⣬һǱֶΣǣȥŲáû⣬һĳĴ̫޼Ԫɹһ
ͼն


1339 ׷ɱ
ĬȻ˼֮УǱʦǿ°ģ̫޼ԪɹǲҲǰŰɡͼôһ˵ʱ߰˷ˡ
ͼ˻书ûʦôߣҲβ͸رͼϵĶ󷨡ƵĽǶȷȵĲرͼŷˡ
Һϴ峤ˡϴεǻһطûȥ̽һŴֻǰͼˣ֪еܡֻп֪ôһǰȥһ顣Ȼһϣһ½ô
ʱаͻȻˡ
ףͰʦ˵ɡ
ûʲô塣
һ飬֮ǰûȻҲϤʦ˴峤ü飬ǳ˽⡣ӣóȻȥá
š
а˵˵ͷŤͷһԵ˴峤
峤⺢ڵƻûáÿʮʱͻᷢһΣһʹչʱҵ
˴峤û˵ֻ΢΢ס
а˿ͼ˶ǰԭؼĻǷŲյĹŵӡϵȻѾȶˣֻҪսʱ䲻ʱ̫⡣
Ǵ컯ġ߻ħԭô򵥵£ӱСģȻÿʮʱᷢһΣʱ򵶸һ㡣ǿʱ͸Ҫ
Ҳа˴峤չԭ
ಣಣ
ҲƬ̵ʱа˺ͼһǰһ˴ƮƮͬһ㣬ܿ뿪ɽĴԶȥʧĮĮ֮Сֻǿһۣ㽫һʯƬ档
¡¡ضɽҡΧʯٴƶܿ콫˵ûУͬĭʧ

Լûʯ֮Уܿϥ£ϢЩҵڰĳֹɻȻͨѨų⡣
˵컯ѹסڵĽǧǵ֮
ʱȥʯһƬžһϥ˴峤ԱԼʱ󡪡
ˣ
˴峤̧ͷһգаͬʱ˴峤Ķƺһ
ͷֻԭڵϣһϽֳһ˿ʹɫɫ΢΢ò԰ףһſϸС亹Ķͷ
ͣ
Ҳʱһϸ΢촫ֻ¶ĲһͻȻͬһ鶯Ťţ˵ĸоĳֻһִطӣʮֹ졣
ˣ
˴峤֪߻ħġÿһضʱ䣬ѹƵЩͻһطһΡҷʱʹ࣬ʱûжٷ
飡
˴峤һһֻݵƴӿһĺ󱳣ͬһʱһɺƴ͡أ罭һѸӿڡӴĳض·ߣԴݿ֮Ѹٰ帧ƽ߻ħ

ɫԽԽףҲԽԽأȻһѾ˽Ҫͷ˴峤΢΢üͷԼӴһ˿˿ɫҲͷڶ
ʱȥ˴峤Ҳ˺ˮ컯ųʮ湦֮һͣ˴峤ҲҪĲٵĹ
Լһ֮ĺƽϢ˴峤һջơոһѾȹյĲ֣ԼͿԽˡ
ʱһһεĹȥʯָֻ֪˶á
ϴ峤лˣ
建ڵ
˴峤ֻ΢΢һЦҡҡͷ
ܰͺãŹ̫գ㻹Ҫ˶֡⻹һ˵
˴峤˵ţ̧ͷһɫһĨǣ
е㲻ԣʦͼٳ֮ǰ˵һһʱܽʦѾʱˡʦʱǳ⣬Ǿܳġ׼ȥ鿴һ£
ҺһȥҲиӦ
ԣվҲоЩԾʦʱûڻ
ˡ
˴峤ҡҡͷ
δҴ컯ոշ˺˴󶯸ɸ꣬һ˶ҪʲôҲӦ䡣
˴峤˰ֵһ仰û˵аĵģЩĪ⣬޴ڵĺˣһӣͶһֱֵΣաͼµ󷨣ɱ˵Ϣﻹ㹻ʳˮﷴȸ浽ȫöࡣ
⡭
ԥƬ̣ڵ˵ͷ
ǾͰǰ˵İɡ
Ҳ֪ڵȷʵ˷ͻ
ԵƬ̣ҵʦܿͻ
˴峤һʯ󣬷ɿɽ塣
֮֮˼Ƭ̣ϥ£ĬĬĻָʵ
ɫ˴峤ʦǱ߳ٳٲҲЩ
Ҳ֪ȥڶûϢֻϧҶһ鲻졭
߳
Խǣ׼鿴ʱͻȻһŮӵĽ߳Զһ￴ȥֻһʮ˾Ůѩһִͷɢɽķ󣬼ɫӽ׷ᡣ
Ȼܲˣ
ɫݣٶˮޱȡҲǵ¶ĸ֣һѧ䲵ӣ۹ʶȻߣṦѧ֮һҲУǾ֮Щȣʮǧ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôЩ˳ֵʱɭɭһ·ĸо
аˣ
Ժеһ׹
ǼǼңչ󷨣βСӻȥ
òİŮɽȥ󷽣һλĸߵĿһ䣬̧Ѹ仯ɢһδŮȥ

ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Ů㱻׷ϣаĬѸٽض·һ·ɽȥ
ŮҸ񵲣е߳ʩչ˼£ÿÿڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣ˶ԷֹҲ˱Ƶ㺹ܣôȥҲǳ¡
κͤ㲻úΪһŲرͼɱʦֵܣѵͲ˱𣡡
ߣˣǿɲ£ʲô£ͺλ˵ɣȻҪ˻ûӵˣ㻹ǹԹ־ܰɣ
κͤ


1340 ӣ
ʲô棬ҹɣ
ʯее˽⣬ʲôǴδţκͤǰ״ˡ
Ļκͤһһסɽ죬˵ҲҪη֡ԷԲѷʵǷ²òͷͷκͤҷֻǿȥ
ȻǰҪ֣ǳͤҲ޻˵ߣ
κͤһ˵ţһɫȥϷֿܵĳ֡
һ·˳ʮಽɽһֱûʲôӦһг˿æתͷҲصȥ
ߣ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ʧӰ١

ȵκͤ뿪ɽĵģȻ٣۾ܣȻҷɾ衣
ǰл֮
Ȼķ򹧹һȻ񣬵ͷһֱ΢̧ţ۾һֱ͵͵ĴƺҪҵλ
ʯпһĻҲаЦŮɲô򵥡
ǰȻ˵ĵӣ֪ǷǰһҲȻԵл
Ȼ
ˣ߰ɣֻǾ֮ͣлͲˣ
ʯе
⣬Ȼǰϲ
Ȼ˵ţͻȻ֮üһ԰ɫͻȻڵ˹ȥ
ã
ɫ΢䣬û뵽ŮӻʧѪ࣬ʱιȥ
룬ʯг˹ȥһץסȻ
Ȼ嶼û뵽ȥɲǣԭڵϵȻ¶һ˿ЦݡץסɲǣȻһգץס
ǰˡʧ
һ̣ǰʮ˾꣬ݿм꣬Ȼһ۾˶סˡ
࣬ΨûϵԼеλĪǰȻһüݵꡣ
ɫ԰ףϢҲ΢΢ЩңͲʲôɽǰ
˭
Ȼ۾ʶ
ƭң
忴Ȼģʱʲô£վ
Ȼ£ұһˣ
бͶʦһ˵ЩģγҲֻżΪ֮ǣࡣ
ȡ
Ȼ̧׼ߵʱͻȻһŮӵƺԹһοٳԵڶο
ﲻװˣǸϽȥɣ
ɽҹƺƣȻΧ죬ȴþöûӦŲһ٣ɻعͷֻȻɫҰףڵһ΢࣬һƬѪɫ΢䣬֪βƭ
ಣ
һæݹȥͬʱһö뵰СӨѩ׵ĵҩιŮȻֶɹһˡ
ң
֪˶ãȻתɫࡣ
ţ˺صˣѾˡ
嵭£ЩĲɵ
лл㡣
ȻԵһ˿ǸȻȻıֻûʲô⣬ϾԼƭ
һָĲ࣬Ϳˡ
嵭һǧ֮ĸо
ĻȻûǰһηмӣǰ꣬£Ȼʱ൱ĺ档ȻıӰĿƺӹ뷨
Ǹ𣿡
ʱȻͻȻˡ
ţ
üعͷ
أγ䣬ӣˮƣԲԣ
ȻͻȻЦ͸һ˿Ȼ˵šԲԡƺƶݡ

ɫ㵣һʱסˡѾ˵ˣȻһþҪ뿪û뵽Ȼ˵һǿȻһҿˣסҡı飬漴ӦŮȻʲôԼĳˮϵһ
Ҳ˶Բԣ
ȻһӣںĽУоԼռϷ硣
ɽж˵ˮƲȺ飬γ䣬ае书ָơһ۾ܹ֪ԷڣȻȱһ츳ˣ书ȴߡɽгΪĹ֮סµ͵ô͸ٹأûʲôʶΨһģ书ߵĻʧɢ˶Բԣﲻ߾Ϊ˵Ҳˣ
˵ȻЦֵļһﻹǲ飬ԽԽҪµԷݡո˺ܾã뵽ݣˮƣʵ̫ˣһĵ͵һأһĲ飬ֻָԷʤǿĶ֡
Ҫǣһᡣ
̫ˣ
һ࣬û˵ֻĿתһ¡
Ȥ
Ժжһͷ
׼ͰŮߣЩȤˡȻϴˣǻû뵽ɽоȻкԼˣҿԷԼһͿָһ˻ܱԼĶ֡
Ҳûô˵
嵭
֪㲻֪İɣҲ˵ȥģ
Ȼĳգһ۾
ӣڴɹһӣ࣬ӹһˣҲ̫ȫһǰȥˡһ˻ţҲû˸ҶԹ֣Ҳȫࡣ⣬ڶ࣬˵Ҳܰҵ
ȻĿѩĶ粻֮ࡣ
Ȼ书ߣǲȺ飬λĴ֮ףκɵõܼʵ㲦䣬˵еĵʵ߼ڡɽв֪жҪԼС
ȻҲû뵽Լλصӡ취λǰˣǱȻž޴İ
û˵ֻװ˼ɫ
֪ϲѰķܣڴɽѾʱҿиִ칫ӣһȥ̽ޱأ
Ȼ塰⶯ӣһѾɽ綼֪Ӷɽе鲻Ȥȴƫƫϲݷɽ󴨣Լɽеĸַմ˵֮ء
ͻȻǳŴɽıȥġ
ɽĸ֣͵һ¡ԭֻڿǣȻ˵⼸֣дΪ⶯
ǰǽɽ綼ҼԶѵϣԸȥ䡣һ˽ɽǵͼ˵ʦĴоȻȥ̽һµҲãҲ̽һ´ɽʵ
Ȼ˲֪˲ɽȴȫͬ͢ɽȫͬ磬߱˴֮нӵݷ̫Σա
Ҳã
ɿڵ
̫ˣ
Ȼԣݺ߬ȭͷϲɫ
Լյ֮ʰ׵һȻ˵ľݵȥˡ


1341 ֮ͽư
һ·ǰУȻ֪˺ܶɽе£ŽӴļҲ֣Ȼֱڿ죬ʱм֡ƻȴ
̫޼ԪɹһֱûʲôϢɽйŹѾʧΪʲôͻȻ֮Ͳ鵽ˣɽˣô֣
ȻһͬУһʵ
ʵҲ֣־أ֪ԽԽãȴۼôˡҲ˽һ£ƺҵĴɹĲرͼҰͼһ·ҵֻǶԷ񲻹Сģ˿ֻĳҷ֣ϢųҪ赶ɱˣɽУ̫ˡ
֪ӣ壩ɽ粻̫˽⣬ȻĵĽ͵
ͬ˳ǵΪ˴ɹ
Ŷ
̧ͷĿȻһۡ
Ǻǣ̸֪֪֪ɫаһаۡ
Ȼʵ
Ȼ֪
΢΢һЦ
ţ֪ͺáаۿ˵Ǻ޼ɣɱ飬Ը壬ɽûвģԵʻᣬ֣ڸɵаħͷǰãۿټаħͷڻţҾͳһ顣
ִ֮ţ˵ıʡΣҪаħͷаħͷݱ
ȻɫȻ˵һɫޱȡȻŹ֣żˣĻڴǴǰȻӲ
û˵˼
ʦ鱩壬ɱ˲٣ȻҲԩʦֻʦѸı࣬ǰǸбˡһΪʦΪԸʦǾӦġ
ǰ͵ˣ
˵ţȻ̧ͷɽ˳Ŀȥֻǰһʮ׸ߵɽʹɽᦴ̫ɺ׵ͼɽһ˶ʮ׵ӭչ衣
ɽϣÿ׾һڣ˵ְĴķһʱ׼ֵļơȻ̧ͷɽϵʱɽϵ˵Ҳע⵽ˡ
ʦ㣡
ͻȻһȴһʮ߰꣬꣬˷ܣ뿪ԭĸλ˷ɱ
СҶ
ȻӣҲӿŲɽ϶ȥ
Ǻǡ
忴һĻֻ΢΢һЦûиŶ
˹ȻµһˣʵȻǿ
ϸ۲Χ⴦˵ʱݵϣ˵ĵӣ΢֪һ£侳ϵĵӾȻٶˣ侳ĸҲʮˣʥ侳ǿߡҲʮ֮߰ࡣԣ⻹˵ȫʵ
֮У侳ͿͨĽˣ侳Ǽ佫ʥ侳ѾϯԪּˡأһССɽͷѾۼôĸ֣ĿҲ侪ˡ
˵ɽԻҲֻɽһӰĸ־Ѿôˣɽ߾Ϳ֪
ипѡ뵽ҲЩϧ߶ͳ͢ȫ磬֮ǰԹаЩɽߣʧܶգҪȻһж᲻һˣ
ʲôˣ
˼ʱͻȻһУ̧ͷֻɽϣȻ˵ĵӿԼ
ӣɣ
Ȼֵ
ʲôӣ
Աߣ˵ͻȻһĲ˼顣
嵭ȻһЦһڣܿɽȥ
ӣӣ
һľȣΧתĲš
ŰɣҸʱҲšߵĻʧˣݴһʱ䣬֪ͿˣҪ̫֪
ȻЦʵ֪Ϣʱֺγô𾪡
ˣӣҵܵ壬ĳߣ֮ǰһֱ£˵Ҫ㡣
ȻЦ
һԿܣЦ
ʦã𣿡
˵ʱͻȻһһɽϴ
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬ݣһӰӽӽɽĵطԾһԾ߿գȻڰһۣһĻߣӾʮ׸ߵĵطȻ׹䣬䣬âһһӰȻ׹ھ׵ĵط
ɲǼ䣬ɽ𶯣̳һӴϢǵѩӰϱƺƵǿҵͬ쫷һ㡣
ȿȣ
ҳһǺʱ̲סǵࡣȻһ𣬽½ͻȻֵӣ衣
ưʲô
Ȼֻ߬ȭŷֿһǰһ˾ͺһĹʱҪһ
ʦãȥΣأ˱㣬ֲϣ飬ǿô죿Уλ̨˭ôû
̳֮Уһ˵ţͻȻתͷ壬͵˸һ£һɾ˵ɱ⡣
оɵɱ⣬漴׹вʧЦû⣬ԼӦĪ˵ˡ
岻źۼ΢΢һθȻˣֻ̽һ˵ʵ˳̽һʦ䣬̫޼Ԫɹ䣬飬̫ࡣ
һ̣һĸоӶϴһ£΢΢ɫ
ư˭Ҫ㱣Ҵ˭ʲô˽ѣҵɣòܣ
ȻһŭȻưӼŭ
ʦãҪ˵˵ĻҲĵӣпɵҶȨ鿴οǵ飬϶Ѿ׿ϣֺαôң
Ӹ˫֣΢ͷ˵ʱһɾӸ£Ȼơ
˵ɲʲôˣĴ֮׵ӣ
ʱһԱߴݺȭͷҲʱ˵ˡ
ӣ
仰ưĿһıɫһ˫ݺݶŶ壺
ʲôӣɽ˭ӣȷ֮ǰ˭ָ˵ӡҿݷǳɣˣλӵɽһҪλӺúһģ
ưһӣɵ
ǣ
˵ĵӹӦǣͬʱǰ
ưң
ʱһӰ͵صǰݺݵżưȻͨ죬쵰ѾǵһôˣŻݺĳ谮κκԼܵȫܵĴѹ
ҵ鲻ܣΪ˭ɱаôʦ֮ͽҾܺκεĹϸаȻˣּα֮ͽҲԺòȥ


1342 棡
¡
һʯǧˣ˵ģȻĻжɲ

һ¡¡һ㣬˵֮ǰоǹϤϢЩɵĻôȻһϯѾ峹ȷǰӵݡ
û뵽ԼȻԼλδıʦ֣
ԩ·խû뵽
嶸̧ͷͫһ˿ײĺ⣬̬֮ǰѾȫͬ
֮ǰʱֻǰǰӵȻһ׷ߣڣѾȫͬ
֮ǰԼԼλʦּĳȴû¡
ϸԼλʦ֣˫̱䣬˫üʱʱ̸̿һҪѵĸоıͦ׿㣬۴һ濴һӣ˵ĸоȴһ˵ᣬͬ߳ɳɳһ㣬˵Ĺ졣
꣡
˫£У͵߬һŨŨɱ첻ԼҲҪʦŻˡ
ˣ
иոͷưһƺоʲôŤͷһۡ
ƻ
ʱͻȻһȴɽǼ䣬ٴﵽʥ侳˸չڵλ÷˹
ոյŷϵϢ˵ڣڳɱ
һɫ֣̿͸¶ǿҵĲ
ʲô
仰ưȻ˷׷ױɫ
ʵˣȻаۣҲǰ֮СƾЩ˸Ķֻ֣н󷨣˵֮һսȥ׼ʱӭУ
ư˵ţһݣæɽϷݶȥ˸Ҳ׷ɽ϶ȥ
ӣ뿪ɡưȻսթаӣаħʵָƣ˵ƾǵӦԣǾһˡұ˳ҵĻڿǲˣͬСɣҲ۵㣬Ͽ߰ɣ
ȻҲʱת壬һ
ӣ壩ϾǾȹԼˣȻ۵
ȻһĵӣжʱΪøСȻͲڳ£뿪ˡ٣뻤סȻİȫ
ϧˣֻʱһˣ
忴һۼư뿪ķаưǱҪɱģȻұʦԼշҵɹ֮ǰԼ㹻ʱ䡣
¡¡
ʱ򣬶ߵƹһ춯ص·һԶͻȻĶʱ˵ע⡣ֻһް˵ĿУУһͷСɽĹƿնɽͷķ
룿
ֻǿһۣ̲סƤ΢΢ɫ
гֵĹȻһͷʮ׸ߣĺɫ룬ͷɫ׳ޱȣĺ飬Ӳͬһ㣬һβвϵ˦򣬸һֳĸоһɽ壬Ҳ׵顣
ҲǼʶ㣬Ķ֣ײѾ΢ǿߣֻɺɫ룬ڿնľѧǵһȻûа취жϳԷܹоͷԷĺɫ룬
ԷҲ˵ɽеѧ֮ȷʵԶԶսѧ
ŷϣ
ɽϣ󾪺
󣡡
һǼ䣬Χɽ壬ѸٽһӴ󷨡䣬˲佣ţĳҫ⣬׼˿еķ
ɽսĳ˵Ҳǵһ
ţ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ŀһע⵽ѸɽȥȻ壬ǹһ˿Цݣ˦䣬Ѹٸȥ
¡
ͬʱɽ̳ͷ޴ĺʯһķɳʯ
׼ս
޴ĺ뻯Уһ޴ޱȡ
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һХɽ͵Ķһֻ޴צӲϸܵĺۣ͵ش̽˳
ֻצָ繳ޱȣһ˵аС

ͬʱһһž޴ͷ̽˳ֻһ£ٴû֮С
Ȼһۣ˾ֲѡ

һ󾪺ɽ˷׷ȥһЩûվȣֱˤɽԭȻҲһƬҡ
棬棡
ɽһ󾪺һ˵ĵ¶־壬ɫ԰ײѡ
ף
ɽվȻԶĵطĿҲޱȡ
ոһɲ
Ǹ̽ͷһĿĺɫǸ˿е濴ŷϻҪǿͷľֱӴĲ˼顣
ٺ٣ŷӵ𣡽챾Ͱ˵ĵһ򾡡
ʱһݵдһ㡣
¡һ̹âһԱߵĵطһͻȻը漴һͷ޴ĺʮ׳ʮ׸ߣһĨ˳
Сģ
ע⣡ڵˣ

һЪ˹ޱȣȻɽ
滯ľ޴·ֻź۵ڸ֣۵糸籼һ㣬˵ľݵ
γԶֹһˡ
ٺ٣ŷ㣬˵ĵȫҪ
쳹ء
ң
ɽŷ㲪Ȼŭδ䣬ʮ׸߾޴ޱȵĺɫڿն𣬳յĺɫ͵سȥ
°ܽҲǱĶ֣
ʮ׳ĺźƣаޱȡβһ˦ϢӰһ㣬׹͵سɽȥ
ڵĻסǣ
һŵɽͷݵণɲǼ䣬߰˵ĶƿնڵĻȥ
䣡
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ͷɫͿз˶µľҵײһ
飬ͷצ˺ҧһǿڿвϵײһ𣬱ޱߵľˡ
ΪģΧڣּƵĿ纣һ㣬ҵӿХţɽһΪĵӴɽֱƷɳȥ
˸֣Ǳǿƥýڽںˡ
ϣ
ͬʱɽһҵĵϴ
Ӱ˦µǿߣ绢Ⱥһ㣬ɽϴɱչͻԭһӰϵشɱ¾˵ĸֽ֡
쵰
һĻһʥ侳˫ͨ졣ɽĵӣʱ򷴶Ϊ谭Ǳߣ٣չ֣˵ĵдɱ¾
Ща˹ȻҲۣս棬Щ˼Ϭʵƻãӵ󡣡


1343 ڽ޳
ϹۣĿһĻа֮սд˷
ɳ֣ɾɽ˼Ļҡ
ǺսҲʹƻôﵽ
׼
Ҳʱɽϵ˵˷Ӧɽƣһ˵ĵ󷨣ƺƣԹۡ
ֻһ˵ڹâһڵʱûڶ˵ڣȻͬڶڵӡ
ֻգۼ䣬ʮ˵ڵΪһ壬ΪһС͵ĽѸٵת
Ŀֱָе棬ɸ֡
䣡
һ޴ɽϣ£һѸٵתһֲͣת˴֮以

һ̵ɽֻһʮССĽ³ٰΪһХźе档
һɲǣ㾲·ʱ䶼ͣ嶼ʧȥ˵ȻЦݣޱȡ
һμɵӼսĳеһжһĸоȫͬϤսʽ
ɵ֮ϵ򵥡ݡЧÿ˵ʵӵĳ̶ȡĹе涼¶˼ɵɫڿаڶŲơ飬β˦ײķɽ׷ױײɳȥûһѷɽܹае档
ϵǿޱȣһЩɽײɲǣͱ÷顣
Ȼ濴ƿޱߣ忴óɽ߰˵ӣʮĽʱ涼ɵޱȣսʱڱܿЩķâȻˣ˵ȴԶûôֹۡ
ɱ
ɵЩ˵ˣ
ʱһĺɱɽ·
ôƬ̵ʱ䣬Զɸ֣۵糸Ѿϵɽ¡
Сģֳʮסɽɵӣ
ʱһ߳УȻӹָȨʼָɽϵ˵ӡ
䣬һɲֻŭɽϵ˵æңתǹͷ׼ɽµɸ֡
һ죬ͬڰصײһ˫̱ӣսŸոտʼͽ뵽˰Ȼĵز
ۣдڶһ˵ĵӻûӦͱ̴壬˵ڵϡ
һĻɽ˵ɫ˲԰˲١
죬ʦǣֻǻпܶԸ档
Ȼ촽ȴȻ򶨣ڵζ˼䲻
ڣа˳ϵսҲȥѰɹа˵䡣
ʱѡʵΪʱ򣬶Ϊаһɵľ뢣ʵǿ󣬸޷ֵ
©ƫҹ꣬Ȼĵ黹ں棬¡âһ޴ĺɫͻȻصɽ̳
ʦ壡
һĻȻɫ䡣ȻһĻԶûнһ̾Уһ޴ĺҵײ˵ĽСĲҽУһ˲߽⡣
һϣ
ֻһȣһ˵ĸɽɽ湥ȥ
ˣ
һӶߴȻ壬Ľ
¡¡һըϵضߴ˳ʮסȻ˵ʵס˵ȻѸٵȥ
ʵͬСɣĸ֪Уܰһ̶ֳȣΪֻѵǷ켫ﵽ˲˼ĵز۴Ǹ濴涼ѲѶԸһɫ
ɱ
һɱӶߴɽɽŵڸ֣ټϰɽ绢ȺڻɽϵѸٱö˼䲻
ĲҽУһ˵ĵӣѸٵ˵ѪС
Ϯ׼ܵ˾޴ʧ
飬˵⧲ܲݰ˵ڵϣѪ飬˳ɽ£ضȾˡ
һҪֹǣ
һ˵ĵӵ£Ȼɫ԰ףȴüᶨ
壬뿪
ȻͻȻڵХͷڷ衣
ʦأ

ϣӦһĽȻȻγչѸսҵĵطȥ
ɽϣڵĻֱĴɱ¾һһʹ˵ĽСɣһʹ޷ȫӦԡв֮Զɽŵڸ֮ϡ
ʦΣգ
Ҳû뵽ȻȥԸʵǿΪΣյڻ
˫֮Ĳʵ̫ˣȻȥȫѰ
ˣʦǻ֪ʲôʱܻٲֹǣ˵˶ᱻɱ⡣
Ȼҧأһսţ˸һڻȥ
ͣХһаĽ絶ƽϵشա
ͬ󷨣ڻУǿ˲֪ٱߵĲȫ޷Ե
飬һ˵ĸܲɭɭצУɲǼȫѣݣͬ߷ݰ˳ȥ
ͣȻոռսţѪһһУڼ˺һ޴ѪӡѪ鲻ͣȻȻҧ˿ûȴ˼
׶֮
Ȼһãʱʩչ˽кպĺ׶֮
ŹרΪŮʩչʱҪһһʩչٶȾͻףܹʹеĳԼߵٶתӵв˼ƻ׵˺ߵ
ȻʵԭʩչŹѾ˲ôˡ
ԶһڻΪһߵаɭɭڰɽϵɱΧһ˵ĸţӸ򹥻

һ죬Ȼ㣬ʵԸ߳Լһصڻ˹ȥ䣬һԵΧ˸ԼȻ
зХһǿҵΣдв
ڽ޳
ʯ䣬ȻԺһ˿֣ڽ޳Ͱ׽޳ϳ޳˫ɷɽ粻֪ɱߣΪʵ̫ߣƾԼĶ֡
̤Ǭλ
Ȼҧҧ͵ǰһ
λ
ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣȻ͵سбɲ̤Ժܹ֮ڽ޳һ
ѩ
ȻһǱʩչָսκͤʱʽ
ͣһƽѲȻһûлкڽ޳ȴԺ֮˺˺ڽ޳ϵۡ
һͻڽ޳һ
Ѿͷ
һȴĺУһ˫Ȼ¶һŭ⡣
Ȼһţʧȥԭе򶨡


1344 ⣡
Ѿͷʽôõ𣿡
󷽣ȻԭⲻհԼ֮ǰָĶпЦãû뵽Ȼʱ򣬰ԼʽԸκͤǿöڻ
̤λλ
ۿȻҪںڽ޳£վں󷽣ͻȻڵ
ˣл˼ȴѾ˷ӦȻһˣȻһϸ΢ĽǶбɲ߳䣬ʯ䣬ֻһĺһɻԵĺɫƿնԺ֮Ȼǰ紦һ˶ߵţʯ÷顣
һĻͻ˵Ȼڽ޳һ˴סˡ
һССĳѾͷôʵ
ڽ޳־ŭ۵Ĳšû˿ԥһըӿаХųұУ͵һƳȻȥ
շ죡
ʱٴε
Ȼһãڿ͵طתٴһ־յ״̬ܹһֹˣȻеĳһ˺ڽ޳ֱۡɫ䣬㳯ȥͬʱһȭǧأȻ
κ࣡
ʱ˵һ֮ǰδ˵ʽ
䣬Ȼֻһ˷ۣΪһֻ޴ĵף͵ؽȻΪһ塣һֻ̣һĺণȻеĳ˹ΪһͲֵĽƿնźڽ޳ȥ
ণ
֣պণ˷лûСɺ׵Ӱ
䣡
ʯ䣬ڽ޳ϸ룬ֻüæһȭĺͰ׹ҵײһ𡣵âɢƽϢΧ˵𾪵ĿУһëϷĳںڽ޳У£Ӻڽ޳ĺ󱳱ֱֻһ⡣
ֻһȻûɱ˺ڽ޳ȴѾˡ
ⲻܣ
һе𾪵ĲԶ˫Բĺڽ޳һеȻκǺ׶֮ǿľ֮һ
һɫΧŨʱͬԶˮƽһ˶֡Ȼ֪һжΧŨż̵Ҫôãһζûгɹ
ѾͷҪɱ㣡
ڽ޳Բ۾𾪣ܿ췴Ӧһ㳯Ȼ˹ȥΪɽеĳɵĺڰ׶ԲܸܰһʵԼСѾͷ
ס
Χһ˵ĸҲ𾪣˺ܿع׷źڽ޳ȥ
ಣ
ʱȻˣѸ˵ߡ
ӣô֪Ǻ׶֮ʽ
ȻǰƵᣬڻսͥŲ壬ŵ׶֮ǲ֮أ忴ȴ˽ź׶ֱ֮š
ҿӣ
嵭ȻһЦһиɻĽڡ
¡
ʱһɽ˸߷ݰɽ˳ͬһʱ䣬һϵ̼ޱȣ˶
еˣ
ŷϵ
ں漤ս֮ŷڼֲסˣԶԶȥɽĺɫɫǱѣһɲǣȻɫ԰ޱȣҪͣˡ
ŷڴǿߣͬʱҲ˵Ķǿ֮һҪǣѪбһϣݣǧ׷ɱҪ֣һˣص˵˲ء
ŷϲ᲻Ȼ֮սѾƵΪò˵ĵز
ҲȻķӦŷɽϣŵưЧӦһƬֻš
ԭڸ֮սͲռƣŷϵԽˣһڽڰˡ
䣬ŷ϶֧Ųסˣ
ҼӰѾɱƬײ
ϣ
һĻɽ£һڸ־񣬳һʱȴɽϵ˵ɱȥҵĲҽУԽԽ˸ܲһ˵ڵأɽȥˣʬ塣
ͣ
ս֮У˭Ҳûע⵽һӰȺ֮УϽӽھ˻߰˲ʱ򣬺ȻһĺɫͻȻƿնŰɽϵ弱ȥһĻԤϣֻ嵭ȻһЦƺϵ
Ǻǣκͤ
帺ֶһ˿ŪɫȻʵ½ܶ࣬ǶԸһκͤ׾١ˣһᣬʳжָһҲ룬׼һָ
С󣡡
һС治
Сģ
һ̣㵵鷢ˡ
âһһӰ͵صԼǰֻͣһգۣȻͱκͤĽУˤڵأѪע
Ȼ
ȺУκͤôҲû뵽ԼһᱻȻ
С㣡
ɱ
Χһ˸ַӦ׷׷һ㳯κͤ˹ȥ
κͤ츳ˣųаһĺ֮㣬Ҳæңڽںˡ
Ѿͷ
ȻӹһĨӵɫʵȫԵֵסκͤһģû뵽ǣȻԸΪһ
һ˵ĸоЩ⣬ҲЩж
ԭֻ׼Ϸ糾һڣоԼ²ܲˡ
ιʵþҵġ
Ȼͬʱιһ˵ҩ
ȿȣﻰҽսУҪ㸺𣬶ҹӾȹҵôˡ
ȻϢ΢
ӣ߰ɡһ߲ˣ
Ȼ͸һ˿ĺǡ书ߣ½֪ɣɡ
ĬȻȻȻǰǸʲôӡ
͵һɣ
һɽҵսԼϵµ˵ӣԺһͷ
ιϢȥȥ
ɨһܣͻȻȻ˦ӣκͤķ˹ȥʮ˵ĵΧκͤƾһĪ󷨣һȺʼΧ¡
ǵˣκͤɱ˵ĸ֡
ߣңҲ㵹ù
Ťͷɽµκͤȫԣһ֪ʲôʱʳжָ䲻֪ʲôʱһʯӡɽϻ˵ĸڣ廹׼¶ݣҪԸκͤ廹òű¶ݡ
ž
ʱ֮κͤԽսԽµʱӸ£ͻȻָһžһʯӵʯӵȲδٶҲο죬һͨˣֻҪ΢ǿ׳һҲܷó
ôһſͨͨʯӣʮֻս£ȻأҲκͤ͸һϸСĿ϶κͤеɲǣû¡СҪѨ
ʯӵ󣬵κͤת¾ɲǣûлĹؼ㡣ôһκͤʱһƬҡ


1345 ֣
ã
κͤʧɫû뵽ԼᱻһʯӻУҾȻʧ֮һƬҡľǣѾأ֪Ϊʲôûסʯӡ
ͣ
κͤңŴ󿪵ɲǣһ߰㣬˲κͤ塣󣬺һһâ䣬աֻһĲҽУѪ罦κͤһžһڵء
ѾͷСӣҲŹǵģ
䱥ԹߵĻκͤȻ£ΪһѪ⣬֮ززѸԶȥ
쵰ʲôˣ
κͤɫҰףͷ亹ŹɭϣҪصĳͷӵĵҲͬˣκͤԼٲܣҪɽˡ
˰ﵽףͷ͵ɡ
忴κͤܣҲûȥ׷ϣĿһתѸɽϵĺڽ޳Ͱ׽޳ɽϲȡλսͣر任λãĴɱ¾˵󷨳һͿвԶɽµڸ֮ϡգŲѸٳһȥ
ڽ޳Ͱ׽޳ٶȺսݼɶǵһ֮ҪԶԶ֮ѶԸĽɫ
Ϊǵλս˵ĽϷЧá
Ȼܿ죬ĿͼеʹõĽϡ˵Ľǳ΢ʮ˵Ϊһ壬ʵ
ХվһĿһһϣģҲƳһЩߡ
ȻŸӣʮλñ仯û·ѭоʹõĽʵϸѭǬ롢㡢ޡ˸λҲһЩǹĹɺͷ
ǬλѨ
ԣƵᣬͻȻڵ
ȻɽһƬңû塣
䣡
ͬʱ񺿣ڽ޳צޱߵĺ͵һƻǬλĽ
ۣ
һɲǣ˵ĵӣɫ԰ף۵һѪҲɫ԰ףѿѡȻܽ˵󣬵ܵʱҲͬѹתƸˡ
λҲ๬Ѩ
ԣٴοڵ
䣡
·Ӧֻһ챬ըλͬܵ˹˵߷ݰ˳ȥڰоݣǶϽۣ
˵ǣ
ģ˵İ죡
ʱ˷Ӧָǹڽ޳ͬʱرܺڽ޳湥
ʲôˣ
ڣڽ޳Ҳע⵽˲Զվһɽʯϵ壬һ˿ɫû˿ԥڽ޳һ壬ͬʱһСݡȥ
Ȼƺϵڽ޳дһУںڽ޳ǰѾȺƹȥ䣬һƾԺ֮ڿմ
λѨ
岨ٴοڵͺʲôûз
һΣںڽ޳ɲǣλһڽ޳ĺѨʱڽ޳ڵеѨλãܵǹĽڽ޳ɫ΢䣬ڲòͣ½Ųתӭս
λѨ
λһ˵ĸ֣ĽλĽĬڽ޳ײһ򣬻ϢһƬңʱ˱ɫΧ˵ҲǾжʱʡ
Ȼ֪ôģȻ˵ĽָƣҺڽ޳жȫС
λѨ
λѨ
λѨ

Ŀ䣬·͸˺ڽ޳жܺڽ޳廹ͻȫӲءȻ˶۾һˡ
֪ĿϬԿԷʽû뵽Ȼڽ޳а뢵жҲܹҿ飬ƺ˵ĽҲ˽⡣
ȫ˵֪
̫ˣ
һ̣Ȼݺ߬ȭͷޱȡ
һ࣬Χ˺ڽ޳սҲѾ˽Ҫͷͣһѳƿڽ޳һŵڶֱû˺ڽ޳ĸںڽ޳ıһĽۣƤⷭ¶ɭɭİ׹ǡ

ڽ޳ڻˣǿľԳȺӵĹѾʧȥƣΨһ̵ľǱĪˡǸ֪·СӣԿͻΧȫϵлȣɱȥ
⵽ʲôˣ
ڽ޳ԽԽţһʮ߰ȻܹԼʽֱţɽ綼Ҳˡ
λѨ
ʱ忪ڵںڽ޳ƣӦʱ򣬺һһֱڽ޳ؿڵѨȥڽ޳ԿԵֵָ£һַƵúڽ޳ţҡ
ͣһ̣һֻһĲҽУһëϷĳֱڽ޳ؿ룬Ӻ󱳴˳

ڽ޳һܴ졣ؿУҪڽ޳ܴһϢɢ
ûᣡ
һĻ˾ɲǼ亮˸һ˷׷״˺ڽ޳塣ϣֻһĽһӹڽ޳ĲѪһһͷ­߸߷תŷ˳ȥ
ÿĽҲʰ
ڽ޳ŲתգǰһȻʲôҲ֪ˡ
ڽ
ͻȻԶİ׽޳۾һӺˡ
ָһΧڽ޳ԭ׷ɱ˵˸˳ȫԸ׽޳֧穣ƣӦôҲû뵽ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ڽ޳ͱնɱ
ֻʣ°׽޳ˣ
ɵ
ڽ޳ʬ˵أ񣬷׷᳤˶԰׽޳Χ֮С
ôΧһ׽޳Ѿòˣ˵ĸţ˵ĴΪƣҲӦǰĴ
ӣ̫ˣ
һӵԣ´壬ͺһʶһ󷽣һȴȻɫ԰ףɫҲѸ
ӣлл㣡
ȻһмԵ
֮ͣ
嵭ȻһЦ
¡
ʱһ춯صľ촫һĲҽУʮ˵Ķ֣ͬɳʯɽһԶԶ
ʲôˣȫ
ĴЦ쳹գ䣬ֻ滯ĺβһ˦ɲǼʮ˵ĸ߷ݰ㱻ɳȥ
һɲǣ˵ɫòҰޱȡ
߰
һ־ŭ͵Ĵɽһ˵Ķǿ߽ĳɽ´һٴλ˹ȥɽսšЩ˵Ķǿߣ׷սͼֹ棬ⳡ硣


1346 Ŀ棡
ô죬ô졭赲סǣ˶
ɽϣһ˵Ķǿͷľ޴ĺһ㡣ڵѾʮ𼱣ôһ˵Ķ¡
ŷ϶ˣ˵ˡ
氡նݳ޶
аڵʱ򣬻ѹסڣѾûмѹסˡ
һɲǼ䣬˵Ķǿ߲ʶ̳еĳŷ㣬ȴŷɫǻҪ԰ףҪѿƺʱҪ֧ŲסսڣŷѾˣ
ӣ鷳㣬ﳤ𣿡
ʱһ𡣲֪ʲôʱȻߵԣĿǽǺͲһˮе˿ݰϣ
޶˸ǺƳˮǲܵģ
սΨһпܽ뵽ɽǳ۷֮սģҲֻʣǰġӡˡΨһϣ

Хܵĺɱڶ帺ֶһڷ衣Ŀɽսһ˸֣һâ
岢ûҪǣ浽УҪõʱ˵˻ǳʦģǸ˵ʦа˻ЩԹǶЩҲá
Ŀһתܿ䵽滯ĺɫϡ滯ɵĺһ޶ܿһ⶯ĺɫƬڷ趯ģ롭
Ҳʲôö
а
ΧʦģֹνߣҲ൱а뢺ߣǡǡСʦ㣬Ҳзݰ
ã
ͷӹԺܿˬĴӦˡɫһת´̳ɽսңҲյսȥ
Ȼǿƺಽ˹ȥؼžվھɽаಽĵطһǩӵ쳹£ӵܲܰﵽǣȻиûаա
һ±Ҳ̫࣡
ɽ˴ýڽڰ˵ĺɫԺͷ
治ͬںڽ޳ǣ书ʵǸּ̫࣬ǿҪҵǵϼѡ
滯ֻ״̬ǽСչ¶ݣսĻв档
˵Ҫڲֵ¶Ը滹һַ֮Դ磡
ˣ
ǼйâһǰȻһ䣬˲뵽һάȡؼеһʧֻ޾ؼӿ
УҲڡֻ޾ӿϫУһž޴ĺɫب֮䡣
ޱȣҲаޱȣһڶһ˷ӿ
ĸ֪Уͺһ޵׺ڶΧһС
Χǿӿţ滯Ųϵײͻȴһһ㣬źɫŴҡҷ
û⣬Ҫ˶ã˵˾ͻ᳹׵ܡ
ǲ
尵գһĿ⣬еٴα仯ñ֮ǰӵ
˹֮սı仯Ŀײ΢ọֻ̈̄аǳҲ˺ܴջԵľǶԸԴĸ֪ӵ񣬾ϸ΢
һɲǼ䣬еһбøӵɽźɫҲԽ
һźɫа仯һΣܹһɹɵǧ˿ƣӿѭϢĹ̡
滯ĺ֮ӣ嶼̾Ϊֹס롢βۣÿһɣ漰ķ档ǶĲٿصǷ켫ﵽ˷ָĵزʩչɹ
ֻһ㣬ΪԶԶ󲿷ֵǿߡ
ˣȴʼһƬ򶨡
κ߶Ҳһ
аĿܿ켯еϡ
Ϣͺһŷ籩һȻ񱩣ȴйɣ뵽֮Դ磬ҲûпԵ
ֶ֪ۣսǿò˼飬ô׶Ը
ӣô
һԱߴȻ
û˵ֻǿɽһ
սڼĿЦ쳹أԽԽ˵Ӳϵص£һˣѹס˾󲿷ֵˡ
ɽľϯ£Ŀһе仯Ժչš
ҵˣ
֪˶ãйâһ˲ڵһλá
һָ׸ǴСĺڵ㣬а£ͲԡҲǻ˺ܳʱע⵽
ָ׸ǴСĺڵ㣬ʼսĳ뵽ͨ˵ôСһ仯ȴһ㡣
ǳİ꣬ʱҲܹٵˣЩڳȻ󲿷ֶΪȥ̫ܵ࣬ΪҲ޷
Щƽʱɽ¶ˮҲûжӰ졣һǿĶ֣߼ҵսʩչޣͻ¶ҿʼӰ쵽С
Ϊʵ̫ˣͨ˵ǷҲû˿ô˵һȴȫͬ
Ȼǲʮ
忴ɽͻȻڵ
壬ȥͳͳ
ȻҲ뿪ڵ
һɽ֧Ųסȴ˵ľǰһ;ˣԸֻ¾ųϵĵӶᱻ¾
ɽɱңҪʮܿ͵ˡΧţսޱȣ˶ڵȴ
ɽսͬСɣֻܸûҵΪС

𣡡
һ޺ɽ滯ĺɫһֻצ£ɽͶĳɰʯҲŷա
ʼ
û˿ԥжһ˿â
һɲǣʮ󣬰֮ǰķԸÿʮһZεĹ켣ɽϳȥ
䣡
һӦУ׷׷˳ȥǴ󲿷˵ӳɹĳ嵽ɽ
ɱ
ɱ춯أһѸٽӽߡ
С󣡡
Щ˵ӣûĿǲмө֮Ҳԣ붼û룬һը˹ȥ


1347 Ⱥ
һɲǣɽ󾪺׷ȥֻ廹ʼձ򶨡
λʮ磡
ͻȻڵ
䣡
ֻһʯ䣬ͬʱ˿λߴ
汾ȫԸŷ㣬һɲȴȻɫ
λĴ磡
ܿͬʱƿնһɫĽҵĺ˺ɫһط
λŴ磡
λ磡
Ǭλ磡

Хʼնźɫڣָ׸ǴСĺڵ㡣
Ǻڵƶָʮ󹥻
ɽϣ濪ʼǺ⣬ǽأɫԽԽѿ
Щһ˵ӣڲϹĵطǣĵطܵʹϵϵģҪǣЩ˵ĹѾʼӰ쵽ڵС
Ӱĳ̶ԡ
ô£
оڵϵʧЩ˵Ӳϵع²ģݺݵҧݣĲš
˲ǵһν֣ʱٶ࣬Ҳ޷в
һΣЩ˵ĵӾͺ廻һ٣ΧĽҲûô࣬ɵӰ죬ȴԶԶκһս
Сӣ
滯ľĿһɨսܿϣ

ˣرɫ쳣ӴľʵͻȻ֮ƿնϡ
ûᣡ
оһĻŷֺγûз֡Ѿʧܵ׼ڣʮ˵ɵĽĳɵע
ǵĹڵѾܵӰ죬òͲּսУЩǼҪġ
һΧԲܷ뿪
ŷһǿٴα仯ͷʮ׸ߵĺɫ롣һգƴޱȡһͻȻ𣬳ȥ
콵
粨˰𶯣ٱƥΪһֻ޴צȥ
䣡
һɲǼɽ̳ײڶɱ춯أս֮κʱҪҡ
սನɽ£ͷںڵĳ衣
Ȼ˵Ľʽȫң죡
ĿضɽͷҲص
Ȼ˵ͷû˿ԥ˵ĽʽƱ˳
ţ˫ո¶ͬԡ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôʱΪеڷĻеĹϡʱȻʶ
ܿͻᷢȻ壬ȫ˶ʮɣսԶһ㡣
ͷҲص͸һɲɵζ
Ȼвһ¡֪Ϊʲôһ̵ӣ壩һޱȵĸоȫܵͷ
һɲǣȻȫȥ󣬺ܴһ鶼˳ԽĿ
ɽָЩ˵ĵӼսţ΢ı仯ʼʱ滹ɱķ˿ɵ
ܿ˵Χ£ʧȥķâǵˣ濪ʼƣӦԡֻҪԸʵߵŷ㣬ҪԸʮ
˺ʥ侳֣һЩߣЩһ𹥻֮
ʹϵԽԽԡڱ˵ǻɱŷˣѹƵľء
ô£ɽðһ
д˷ֱһ㣬Ϊаһɵ̩ɽɽе޺ָƣǰɽϵǸСȻѹû
ֹˣ֪СôģȻԿ͸ԼйɣҲĵطҪ֪ЩλöǱ仯ģ
ȻȫԤгһֵ̻λáЩ˵ӳֵٶҲԤнȥˣʹÿһζܹԼҪľġ
ҺͱԣѰ·ȸɵ㣬ٸɵŷƥ˵ĵӣ
ʯ䣬Űɽ꣬жȻһǿҵɱ
¡
ʯ䣬ɽ𶯣ֻ滯ĺɫ⣬ɫľ˰
漴ֻһ˵ڵϵĳЩĲٿ£һǼ仯Ϊһ꣬Ӹ³屬ȥ
ݣ
ֻһХһΪɫԾ˵ٶȳȻɫƽвƺϵһĻǰԱ̤С벽ǱɱһԺ֮ղ
¡ֻһը߰˲ĵطû룬һıըʯ곯˷ȥ
ݣգ֮䣬ڶʮ곯弤ȥȻգͥŲһ㣬̤˲ıܹһǰڹ
ӣ
Χһ˵ĸӦµĺ󷽵Ľ꣬ɽ˸֣ע⵽˰ɽ꣬׷׳ء
忴һĻ΢΢ͷȻʵҲɽ£˵ĸְͲñ¶̫ࡣ
λ磡
λ˴磡
λһ磡
ĹϬķҲޱȣڼսʱŹԼͲɱ¶һЩָɽ˸˹
滯ĺŭ־ŭ˵Ĺ½ڽںˡ
ܵģСôܱܹĹ
Ϊаһɵľ뢣ŷǿߣѱܹĹûа취ǸСӣᣬͥŲıܿ
ɱһˣ׼ͷȻôֱ췽ҹ̷ΨһĽ;СڰϻѾǰԤеԼеĹ붼ľ
ûгûûȴ˵۽ʶСˡ
ûᣡ
·۹۰˷һֱעɽϵĶһɲǵ棬ڽܴ֮ҡõĽʱֻڽʽϣѾʼȡȻͬķʽ
λͬԣ
λո
λţ
λ˫
Ǭλ¶

̶ʱڣɲǣκһζͬһ滯ĺɫΪģΧλϣʮ˵Ľͬʱһɲʯ쾪ɽӱѣƾ


1348 
ⷬȺǳͻȻ涼˸ֲҪĻŷĹ
ڰ룡
һŭХ쳹أŷ뷢ţ֮бĴĿâֻһͷ޴ĺɫ룬ĿյЮŻԵһ㣬֮صײںɫؿϡ

͵شһֲĹײ˳ȥԺŷ㽻һ⻹һܵĳײ
쵰
³һѪ־ŭ
ŷĹȻŭһеףȴǸɽСӡ
ŷҲܻ˵
ЩûõķҸɵ
쳹˵ľݵ㣬˭Ҳû뵽ŭĿ겻ŷ㣬Ǹûмս塣ôһɽ£ں˼սĸ֣Ҳ׷ע⵽˰ɽꡣ
һɲǣս֮ģ˷֪Ŀ׷ϡ
ܵգһܿЦ
һȻ˶ע⵽ǷҪɽлһݣԽķˡ
һսҲһսˡ
ɱ
ɵСӣ
һɲǣɵ˻ţ׷λö
Ҫ˭㵽
ɵĵӣֻҪҪɱˣܸʲôۣһҪɱ
һɲɽɱɵĵ糱ˮ㳯
˵ӣ
ʱһŮӽͻȻ˶ȻͻȻʱˡ
˵ĵҲʱӦһֳֳһ赲ɵĵӣһСΧȦ屣С
ӣ
ӣ
ӣ

һ쳹ء˵Ҳע⵽ߵ׷׳ķϵĵڶս֮κʱҪҡ
һΣ˺ڣɽȻΪһȲˣҲڵ˴
֪ʲôʱѾսĽ㣬Ҳ㱼ӰսʤĹؼ
ֱ仯ϾݵȻû뵽
ǣ
忴һĻ΢ЦϢ΢ʵʱ˶Ǹȱݣ书Ǻܸߣ׸ġӡˡ濴ûлݡ
⵹ṩһȻαװ
λλո
Ǭλλ¶
˿ɫɵĿɽָ˵ĸֺ漤ս϶ҧ󡱣ȻʵǿĿӴģԸĽ󹥻ټһŷ㣬ʱҲ֧穣֮С
Щƽ濴ָ֣ͨ£ͺһεĸդ˷ΧһϵԼС
־ò׳˵Ĵȥ׷ٴɽԼаȥʱ͵Ϯ󷽡ļУǧѷĻᣬÿԽǺ󷽵ľݵһ򾡡
ϵǧ㣬ŷǸƥȻԼ֣ȴ˸ĪĳСӣԼļƻȫ̴򾡡
ɽݺû˸ԡ
֪ĶȲô㲻ɱŷ㣬ҲҪȸɵ㣬Чȣ
ŭ𣬶򵨱ɱ⣬˲䳬ŷ㣬ҪɱĿꡣ䣬һŨҵа֮ͬʵī֭㣬ĵбŷ
ʩչɱһǧ˰ٵʱͻȻ֮䣬ͻ𡪡
ڣֻ𣿾ЩС֣
ʱһ͸ϣд
δ䣬һͻȻƲ·˲ʣȾͬϼһ㣬ƲһɻԵκԼٶȳɽ
ãԪһ
ǷκĽ⣬ǵռµĺӰ֮ǰŰ裬Ҫɵ˺صӵ棬èһ㣬ɫ䣬͸һɼȼɵɫ
ˣ˳ˣԪһˣȫ뿪
̼Ӵ˦ӲƴŰŷ˵ӵļػһը̳˲Ϣ䣬ڿնѸٳԶȥ
Ȼ淴Ӧ죬ǵͻȻ֣׹µӰӦ죬ſӳɣͱǵӰײϡ
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ֲıըؼһɾҵĿ硣꣬ɽϣ߰˸̫ɺ챻ֱ۶ϣ˵ҲһţھķɳУͬʯط˳ȥ
ԪһţһвŸոտʼ
գŭĴԶԶѻΪһӰ֮ززУǵӰҲû׷ϣëһ㣬һܣأɽͶˡ
µʱ򣬷֮أɽƺܲҵĲһ¡

ߣ
ɽϳֵǵӰһڵĿҲ¶ȿ־ɫһɲǣ˷׷׵תͷͬް㳯ԶӶݶȥ
ɱ
ɽ˳ֵɲǣ˵Ҳž񣬷׷׳Щܵڵ׷ɱȥ
ͬʱһĺɱߴ԰ټƵ˸ɱ
Щ˸֣ÿһʵǿޱȣȥŷǿ߶߸֮ࡣ˲תֻƬ̣ڱȫܡ
˳ܵķ׷ȥʱֻվڰɽһĿһתܿɽǵͻȻİɫӰϡ
ˡ˵𣿡
̧ͷĬĬǵӰ
˿ֻʮ꣬Ŵ˵ѩ׳ۣȴһ˵ơݹŰ壬࣬Ц˫֮侫䣬һޱȵĸо
Ȼӡ̵ģޱ޼ʣӿ·Ҫ˺ѵĿֲ
κ̺Ŀֲǰ᲻ɲһľη
ǿĸ֣
ֻɨһۣжʱһƬȻͬʱѸٽһΪȻǵһμλĸоȴǼΣգ滹ҪΣյöࡣָоһԼڵĴ컯һս
С󣡡
ȻʱɽϷԪһԣһһϢڡʱ˿̣ûע⵽ɽϵ塣һ˫ޱȣֻңңԶһܵڸ֡
ͣ
ʯ䣬ֻԪһǼ䣬ʮָʵʣޱȣͺһʯ㣬򡣾ʮɺ󣬰УЩָͻȻһΪΪٶ˲ӿ죬Զһܵڸ֡
¡
ɲǼ䣬ֻһըžĲҽһܵڵӣָᴩըһ󶴣ţ˵ڵءһЩţҳʮԶ
ôƬ̣ؼ䰲ֻ࣬һУٸɵʮڸ֡


1349 ޼ƣ




һĻ˵Ӻܿع˷ܵĻ춯ءɽϵǵɫӰǵ¶˼ȵĿȺͳݣͺվɽǵӰһˣһ
һ˲䣬ޱȡָо˾ʦа˵ĴС
ף
ʱһٻӰɽǵӰȥһ˽Ļ

һĻ΢жһ󲨶֮ǰȻָ˵ĵӿʼͿóȻݲͬѰֻҲû뵽ȻȻԪһŮ
ʦа˺Уҵ갵ʦԪһҲзݣû뵽ԼȻ־ԪһŮһɲǼ䣬¶һ˿ӵɫ
ˣþգǷ֮ܰǸʱʦĻ֮ƻûкãʮа˾Żᱻʶƣ
ԺһͷѸȨ⣬⣬˶࣬ȥ
ٺ٣ӣ׼ȥ
Ÿոպ˼һӶһӰɢűϢͻȻبǰסȥ·
ư
۾һУ˲ϳǵӰ
֮ǰ潵٣ɽսʱ岢ûпưӰʱȴ֪ð˳ס·
ӣζԸ棬ʹΰѵˣôھߣ
ưЦݣһƬ⣬ȴò˿顣һ䣬ܣԼɽȻ
λλɽдӣʦãӿžҪˣҲһ𣿡
һ䣬ɽȻİθ߼֡
ˣ
仰һݣɨ˼ưһۣܿ죬ܼưʲôıƣˡ
ˣףǸ˾ɽкպӡͻʧŮҲ·˹һæǿ͵ֵסˡ
ưѣȻҲע⵽ߡ׳֣Ѷ뵽˽λӡӺųƾγ䣬֪ҪУҲɽϵһ˽ġ
Ŷ
ȻһѣԪһҲתһ˫·𵶽һ㣬ʵʣѸ䵽ϡһɲǣһָоͺ⣬ͨͨ͸͸һ顣
ˡ
мȻѾ⣬Զ΢΢Ųɽȥ֮֮Ԫһǰ⣬ͣ鲻
һɲǣȫĽ㣬Ŀϡ
¾ӣ
ʱһԱߴϢ籩˳ϣȺ˳´壬ĿһƬϲ
ɽеȻȲԪһŷ뢣ΪһĵһˣҲܵ˵Ĺע
Ҫǣʵ̫ˣû˼
ӣлԮĳӵлˣ
һԪһҲڿˡĮκε
ˣطƫƧ˼֪Ϊʲô⣬ߵ͹Ӱ룬֪ôʧɢģ˵ڶ࣬Ϣͨ˵ܹΪ
˵Ԫһ΢΢Ƴһۣ˫⡣
ǺǣҲżȻ̸˴ˣһʱ棬뵽￴һֻм˵ӣҺߵĻϮ˷ֿʹʧɢҵڶûϢӦĳˣ˺֮Ȼҡ书ǿӦò̫⣬лˡ
΢΢һЦ̸Цһ˵ţһ߻һ۷ѡ
ף츳ˣȻ书ߣֻǼ仰ָ㣬ָ˵ĵӻϣɱڵĺڽ޳⣬ҿʱŮŴκͤӹһ٣
Ȼоʲôæڵ̸֮ڿ˵
Ŷ
Ȼһ仰Ԫһвһ£ɫͻȻ֮ࡣ
֪ĪŮӰôæȻɲΡ
ȻˣĳԽҪллˣѵϹӣ̻졣
Ԫһתڵ
ŷϣȡһ˵޼͸ӡӣöƣκεط㶼˵ĸ֣Ҳһݰȫϡ
˷˵ĵӰŷڣ仰һΪص۽ʶԼĸ⣬Ϊ󣬵ƫƫ־ȱ鱦ֻ书ؼ֮Ķûһ޼ƣֲȱݣ飬֮нУ˶һ֣һи
Ȼˣ¾͹ˡ
΢΢һЦҾһ񣬽ӹһӵмߵλ޼ơ֣ģͷƳһۣһɺ׳Ƶͼһ޼֣͸һǿҵС
ˣϽɽϴɨһ£
ȻҲ˵ƣŷڳ棬һ˻֣һ̣˷׷ɢȥ
ɽϣǲƵļ۵ˣ˵ʬ壬ѪˮԼ߲ĳ鲼ɽͣЩҪʱȥɨ
Ȼ˳˲ٿǴɽϵʬҲʧأرԪһ֣ɱ˲ڵĸ֡
ˣףγȥʲôջҵаۺʹɽ𣿡
ȻͻȻڵһ仰ʱ˵ע⣬һ˫˫Ŀ׷˹ȥ
пһҲ˹ȥʦа˺ԪһǳУʦôûлԪһҲǡǡʱ뿪вЩġ
ĵľʦ䡣
Ԫһû˵¶һ˿˼ɫ
ɽУǲﻹдȶɽֵ̫ˣֻûô򵥡
Ԫһ
аķأϢ𣿡
˳ŷʱҲͻȻڵĿ͸һ˿Ρаķˣɽв֪˶ȷѪ꣬дǳġ
ˣȴɹˣǲˡ
Ԫһûڣ󷽣һ׸ߣ׳˶ͻȻ˵ˡһȧǵ޽ǵѪӣƤⷭɣ¶һ˿׹ǣǲ֮ǰ˴˵ġ
˾Ԫף
˵һϣ۵λŷ֮ϡ
˾Ԫɫ԰ףϢңټȧϵѪӣȻеǳսг˲ٿ


1350 ʦ䣡
ˣ
˾Ԫ׵һ䣬ɽ϶ʱһƬȻ˽ͷӶһ𶯲ѡ
һԵȴ΢΢һ
ʦ뿪̫ˣбЩģ˾Ԫ׵Ļжʱ˲١ʦѾǿ΢ǿߣȻڶ࣬ʵǿ󣬵ҪԸʦҲûôס
ֻҪû¾ͺá
аźʦϣڷûôˡ
ôܣڣôĸ֣ôܻķɹӣ
һ󾪺ŷ㿴ǰԪһ˾Ԫף𶯲ѣ
ķѾ߻ħôܻôǿʵ
Ҳ֪ô£һ꣬ʵָ۷״̬ʤ֮껹ҪԶԸֵʱҲֵͬʱǧݺύɲаûʩչˡ
˾Ԫ׵л͸һ˿𾪡
а۵ͨɱ¾ͳģ˺ܾãɽеȻǶ̸ɫ䣬˵ĸڼаķɲǾ˫սսη岻ѡ
ֻҪɽˣûвηķġ
ǧɽУҲֻŹ֮ʱõžѧ˲رСžѧж꣬ȴһֱûгɹֻǲ֪εõʲôԵƶɹ
Ԫһޱȡ
ˣ
ԪһĻһƬȻ˾Ԫ׶¶һ˿ɵɫȻԪһ֮ǰû
һԣϲɫȴ΢΢һݡԪһͬʱҲѲ֮һ
ܹжϳʦϵ书ƾһϯҲѹʦΪˡ
⣬ƾȻһ»ȡ죬µСˡ
аȻȻԼ˵ȴΪƾƭλ
ǧǴ˵һֱܹķﶼưˣôܻǧ
һϿʵ
ͲˣʩչӦǧд
Ԫһ
ķƥսթ̱ŰһηټζӵӴѲȣһҪɵķƥ򣡡
ʱһͻȻ𣬼ưͻȻ˳ɫݵ
һɲǣΧնʱ΢ı仯忴ŲԶļưжһĨŨҵɱ쵰걳ʦȻŶʦ֣޳֮
һʱ䣬˵ҲҪ취ɵˣ
߬ȭͷ
ΧĵģһԵ壬һ˵ĵӿżưҲ΢ޱȣĿ֮͸һ˿ĵɫʦ棬ŵˣаκεطƲưŶԸԼǰʦȻӵûдڵûƵ
ȻˣưȴδܱĵĿⱻԶԣֻǿǰԪһ治ѡ
ҲǽҪ顣ȻаķѣҲûջºǲ̽ΧайʿǿǵõһҪϢаʱһͽͽͲӦֻʮ߰ңͬ˴컯
Ԫһ
¡
һʯǧˣѾϢĵӻãЩɽϵ˸ȴһɫ𶯣رǼưͺһ£͵̧ͷ
ʲô
һɲǣưͫ˫ȭգ±һɼΣյϢȻѹ֣ǲ¶һ˿ŨŨļʺɱ
ƥ򣡡
һɲǣưбŭޱȡ
Ϣǰ֪аһŹɭϣ˾ţ֮Ű£ƥ򻹾˽Ȼһͽüưֱ޷ܡ綾һ㣬Ŀ
ưǱȻǷŭޱȣҲͬһ
͢ɽμȫͬ硣е˶ɽ缸֪ɽ˶ڳ͢Ҳ˽⣬ԾʦаѾΣΪս֮Уɽﷴûж֪ʦҲûԼҲ֪ô֪µġ
𣿱Ͼ귢顭ķôͽܣ
һԣһ˵ĸͻȻȺ߳ڵ˵ʱĿƳһһɫ΢΢Щļư΢΢ԳһЩɵ
ǸǱԼͽܱˣ飬˴ӴԺͽ»ӰοǸԱỤ̋飬͸ͽˡ
û˵Ŀͬ䵽λԪһϡҲ֪Ÿո̤Ϣôй¶ȥġ
Ԫһû˵ֻǿԱߵ˾Ԫһۣ߻⣬ǰ
ӦȷɣǷаķʱ߶һͼˣȻɽԣȴøֹ󷨣˴ķܹܣʹҲмĹϵǵаиӵϢҲͼ֮ǰķ͸¶ġ˵˵аյͼᣬΪȴߣҿĳķյӷǳأ֮УȻһͬСаķǸͼȥǰ̽գͽ˺󷽡
Ǹͼй¶ģӦòм١
ⷬÿ˶ɫ֣أưбŷɱԽŨңҲ˼иһ㶡
Ȼ
嶼û뵽Ȼͼ©Ը񣬻пܡ
鷳ˡ
尵
ӣʲô뷨𣿡
ʱһϤڶ̧ͷöԪһĿ⣬ϲ˴ⲻʲô
ǺǣֻҰףɽеԶû˽⣬ʲô
΢΢һ񣬲ɫ
ԪһֻǵȻһЦе뷨ܿŤͷȥ
ɽн䱸һ£ǱȻѾ뿪ָʲôʱֻκεĿɳ֮
Ԫһڵ
ǣ
˷׷׹
Ԫףⷽ㾭ḻ㸺һ°ɡ
Ԫһһ۵˾Ԫ׵
ǣ
˾Ԫæ̬ޱȡ
һ顱ܿ˷׷ɢȥ
ӣԲԼݣûиǧ𡣡
ȵ뿪Ȼ˹һȻ
С¶ѣιﲻ⡣
΢ȻһЦֻЩ⣬治Ǻ⡣
ô˵Ȼкࡣ
ģҲѾӦ㣬һҵġ
Ȼ
ɫȻ뿪׼סޡ
ণ
ɽ˵ĵææµµʱͻȻһ߿ӥХӸ߿մûжע⵽һֻ˫޴ӥĿɽϿš
ֻӥͨӥĺ͸𣬶Ѫޱȣһּĸо˫ӥ͸գһȺдɫۣںȻ̸Ц塣


1351 صΣ
ݣɲǣӥѪ˫΢΢һ£˫һģһһ㣬ѸŶɽȥ
Լʮֻ֮˫Ѫ죬ޱȵӥи£Ѹһž޴·չһֱϡ
ٺ٣СԹҵĿˣ
£һЦֱһգһָֻӥıֻ˫ĿѪӥĿԡ
У
һ̣΢΢һһѪɫӥƮɢѪɫŤƮţ·ӵԼһ㣬ɢѸٻΪû˺˵˫֮Сӿ룬һ̣һѪɫĻѸٳ˺ӵԺ
Щ漸ȫֻӥ֮ǰĶֻеһжһѪɫѡ
ѪͫôĿ굽
һӺ󷽴벻ԶĵطͻȻڵͷϵĶ΢΢бţס˴󲿷ֵӣȻס壬һֻֻڵϵһ졢أͬʱ˿ǵĳࡣ
ٺ٣Ѿˣڶʮһɽϣᦱ鲼ϴҡλҵٵѰ
˵Ц׷ô죬ɱ˲Լˣǵ󣬻ӲԼķۣ¶вء
ѣ
£һͷ­΢̧ƳѪͫһۣƺ΢΢Щ⡣
ţ
Ѫͫĵ˵ͷ
ɽϣд֣ӦǸҿвٵĺ֡
Ѫͫ
С󣡲ᣬҺԣһɱ⣡
һ˵еħһ㡣
Ҳͬʱ˵ͷΪϵеܶôǿж϶ѣֵùע
ǸʲôҲֻǸͷһ϶ѡ
׼һ°ɣʱ֣ȫɱ⣡
һ˵һֱӾж

һ࣬Ŷʮ˾ݵϣҹϰϰһɽʯϥĿ⸩ɽ£սۼѾȫɨһգڵĵطȥΧɸɾͺʲôҲûзһ
Ŀ⻺طȥֻһ˵ĵӻϢɫʮƽ
켤ҵս˵ͺճ˿Ĳ
˳ɱ࣬ټҵս¶˵ҲԷˮһ㡣
Ŀ¿ȥɽɽλãٿʵǿᣬϢ籩һ˳ϥػڸ
Щ˵ĳÿһﵽʥ侳۷壬ЩΪֱ׷֥֮
ػڸԵλãһȻ˵ǸովսһжΪ˷ںпܷҹϮȴоԼػλһŷԼС
Լĸط뿪ӹ˵ķۡ
ι㸸˵ƺ׷аˣʦּưƺаҲЩϵһеô£
ԶջĿ⣬ܿŤͷһԵȻɽϼֻʶȻԪһԽԼȻӴ
Ӳ֪𣿡
Ȼ¶һ˿ɫ
Ǻǣ֪ǰЩ̫ע
һڣ˹ȥȻҲû׷ʡ
ԭˡ
Ȼ˵ţܿ
Լǰ˻ûгʱɽиķĶǿߣųаһˣɽжΪаۣʵǿ޶ںܾ֮ǰѾͨһŽ컯аﵽ˺ܶѼĵزһ±˴ĸ֣Ϊ˼µɽħͷ
鱩壬ɽ缸ɱһ飬ʱ̸ɫ䣬ֶûж˸ᣬֻҸ״Ӳ
˵ԼĸףȻһԺ
о仰ƶбǲʱδķаܹձ˵ĹԷɸʬɽԹ߼Ȼڹȥܳһʱ䶼û˸ҺԣΪ˹߻ħ
ʼʱԼһ˲ͣĳԻ⣬ڱĵӷ֣Ϣй¶ΪķɽĹߣаɺа˵һΪӦɹаˣĵɽҲĿֲͳнų
ǵʱɽ¼Ǽ鳹׸дɽĸ֡˺Ҳڴ˺ųֵġа˵ӣҲҸɣˣҲҵʦּư
Ҹ˵ѾаӦøһλᣬȴ֪ûб֮󣬾һֱ뾡취׷ңҪҸͬŻ£ĿľΪ˼̳Ҹ׵λãΪ˵ѾܾܶΣȻǸ׺ͳ˵覲褣ºܴĹͣ˭Ҳû뵽а˾ȻûԲ˽顣
˵ԼĻ£Ȼ¶һ˿˺įɫ
û˵˼
ģʲôǲܵóѵģ
ЦЦͻȻڵ

Ȼ̧ͷ壬һ˿ɻɫ
Ǻǣ˵ǲᣬԺ֪ˡ
΢΢Цûй͡
ȻԽĲˣȻͷ󣬵书ߣҾ书ܸߣҲ޷˵顣ֻһ˲ܾԼˣǾǸԪһ
ӡ
ȻҪ׷ʣʱһյĽŲܿһУ
С㣬㣬ھ͹ȥ
һ˵ĵӲ֪ʲôʱں󷽡
Ϲȥ
Ȼһܿվ
ӣȹȥʲôʱ֪ͨҡ
Ȼ˵գܿ뿪
Χܿ찲תͷɽ¡
Ǻ£
֪˶ãһɳɳĽŲһͻȻ𣬽ţһӰԶ
Ǻǣʦֻ࣬Ϊ˵һְ취⽫ι
΢΢һЦͷҲûص
ˣŲȻֹư΢΢۾ıӰ͸һɶ߰㼫ΣյĹâ
ߣ㵨ӲСȻҵô˵ðӣ
һ̣һߣư壬˵һ˹足Ļ
ˣ
һɲǣʱ䶼·ֹޱ飬ȴһ£廹ûԼλʦ֡
˲ýޱȡ
Ǻǣ˵ʲô
嵭ȻһЦ޶ԡ
٣˶֪书У书߾ȫһ̶ֵɣ˽ϣϲ뽹û˵Ӷһж߻ʦ㣬Ϊôˣ˶Ϲ𣿡
ư壬һ˫۾壬аޱȡ
ϣһδƺʱ׼֡


1352 ҹϮһ
΢΢һЦԼʦ֡Ȼô˵ģݿùˣδù
Ҳż
ǺǣƻһǳɼڵʱҲѾ˵ܵϮԷֿˣƻȤò˶þܼˡֻǣ°ˣƻôأֻ𣿡
΢΢һЦ
ˣ仰ưɫ΢΢һ䣬һϢϱŷ˱ԽΣա
ߣ㵨ӲСʦòڣͲҸɵ𣿡
ưɫԽı䣬ʳжָ΢΢һƺʱ׼֡Ȼȴȫ޶ԡ
ǺǣλϾɽ£ɽɽϸж˵ӡƻҪɱҾ;ְܶɣ
һƵᣬȫѼưв
㣡
ưɫһȻŭ쵰޿֡
ȴɫƽһ΢ЦԪһɽŰϣȻʹ޷Ϣ뿪ͬʱҲʹüư޷޼ɵĳ֡
ķ֮£Լ֪ı͵ϮˣǼֱЦ¡֮гı
ռžưıӰбòĻȷʵɵأһ̣֪뵽ʲôưͻȻЦ
ΣΪû취𣿡
ʯ䣬ưһΣյĹâָһͣһָ罣͵سҼȥȻǲһֱӶ嶯֡
Ȼһ̣ಣâһһ˸ƺϵưһһ̧֮䣬Ժ֮˼ưһ
ߣ𣿡
ưʱɱ
ƻò˭ɣ
վڼư߰˲֮⣬۰ڶ
仰ưʱһϣӾγ䣬ѧָ֪˵ĵӶԸ棬ȻҲԼһ
ƻҺİǣҲ˼˲ֻøǰˣ
΢΢һЦͻȻθ˼ȡ
вң
ưɫһ䣬׼ٴζ֣ʱһ
ƻڸʲô˵ϱ
ʱһϵƬ̵ʱ䣬һصĽŲڵĵطưŤͷȥֻһ˵ĳϣ󲽶
ưһϣʱ΢΢ɫ
ɽ׵ϣݵڻмʱѲߡưȫ񶼷ϣ˽ŲҲû̫⡣ϵ㵽ҹθǰǡչ
ߣ
ư״֪̽壬ָ
ˣӶжҼһˣֻǹѡ»ˣ
˵䣬ưͷҲسɽȥ
ӣû°ɣ
˳˹ʵ
ǺǣûʲôƻֻǶҺЩѡѾûˡ
嵭
ԶѾߵʮļư϶ĳ鴤һ¡
Ŷ
˳ϣ΢΢üͷһɻ
岻Ը˵Ҳû취΢΢˼䣬ת뿪طȥ
ɽϣưվںڰݺݵƳһۡ
֪黹ԶûнưȻҰȻĳԼǰвԼôضĶ
Ѱ·
ԺһͷĿñޱȡ
ܿ쾲ĬĬϢ֪˶ãʱͻȻһ΢΢̵ĸоӻдͬһʱ䣬һ΢΢̹⣬ؿ͸ȻǺںڰȴǳĿ
ǡ
彫̽뻳УǼȡֻǿһۣ΢΢ɫ
̧ͷѸٵɨΧһۣҹﾲĵʲôҲֻһ磬ţϷӹ
һж֮ǰûκεĲ𣬵ȴ֪һѾ仯һΣǱʱϮ
ݣ
嵱ϣվɽ͸ߴȥһգʧ١
뿪ʱûжע⵽ɽŲԶĵطһӰҹ£һïܵУֻһ˫۾ҹɫеɽͣĿޱȡ
ҹǶֵĺʱһͰɱжףѪɺӣ
Ǻ˹Цţܿһ
ѪͫĿ𣿡
ģĿ껹ɽϣܲˡ
һѪͫèһϣϢŴΪһ壬رߵرȥ⣬ֲˡ
٣ʱˣжˣ
һݣһϢѸԶڵķȥ

΢紵ںڰУһжĵġԼյĹ֮ӿһͻȻӶϯڷ
ҹɫУһжˡȻûж˹۲쵽ҹȴһЩͬѰĶ
ʱݵĶ棬һ˵ĵ̫ɺ׷ϥأĳϣĬĬ
ͻȻ֮ӿ˵ĵӱ⶯΢΢˼漴¶һ˿ɫ
Ȼûʲôԣһ̣һֱͦͦ˵ڵϡ
һ
ҹһ˵ĵӣͻȻ׷ľ׮㵹ȥ
˭
ҹֻһȣɽ£ػڶߵһ˳ϻվĿĶҹɫ¶ɫ
λ϶Σյĸ̶֪ԶԶͨˣɲǼ䣬˵ĳоһǿҵΣ
ٺ٣
ҹɫһĵطһϷڰգֶЦԸһɫĴӣĿ£һɹϸ΢İɫĩһеɶ𣬻С
˵ݵϣپۼǧӣôӴͨ˵˱ᣬҲԪһϮš
Ƕں˵׻ȨǷôںɽɽϾۼٶĸ֣ҲһҶ֡
ãϮҹжס
ҹһޱȡɲǼ䣬һʯǧˣԭžɽϣʱһƬҡ

һľɽϴԽԽĵӴ붨ע⵽ɽϵ״һѾ̫ˣɢɫζѲôƬ̵ʱ䣬֪жٵľ׮׷׵˵ϡ
겻ɢ㵽ҲǱҵ
ɽϣӸ£ܣޱȡ
սûʼȴĸоЩ˵Ϣ
ӾʦѾȥôˣЩȴ겻ɢƹ֮һ㣬һֱ


1353 ҹϮ
ΪԼûУڵ״һǿ»ĻвС鷳
ڣһʦУһǧټҪɱԼǹҧʵ
ȻˣܲܲǸۣ
΢΢һЦܿ뿪ʧɽͷ
ǵʲôˣ
ɽ£ߴ˶˾ԪףĿݣһհ㣬Ŷҹ硣ȻӦ˾Ԫ׵ģȴһ̶Х
¡һǧصľ޴ʯҹɫзţڵһ㣬˾Ԫصĺ

˾Ԫɫһ䣬ϣһһ⻷±һ̣˾ԪһӰѸʧԭءȻ͵ػǿЮž޴ҹʯ
ֻһ죬ǿǧľʯ˲䱻˾Ԫһȭҳɷ飬˷ɽ

˾Ԫ׼ȥʱͻȻһĲҽӸĲҽ˾Ԫ˲ɫתȥ׼ǰȥ֧ԮʱֻһǿҵΣд

ʯ䣬ϸ룬˾Ԫȫ㼯ұۼͣ仯һ㣬͵һƳǰȥ
¡
ֻཻһҵıըһһɻ棬㣬˲˾Ԫ׵ȭͷ˾ԪĵطӶȥ
ã
˾Ԫɫһ䣬͵رһɸǿݺݵĽ˿Ȼ˼ٺˣͶԷʮಽľ롣
ôܣ⵽ʲô
ֱȼյһһɻ棬˾Ԫ׵ɫʱѿޱȡ
˾ԪǱߵĶڵһɢŵһϵ˵֮һ̣ʮȣԼ侪˰ٶȳɽ塣
ЩĿ䣬һԲִɽ֮ȫۼһ𣬳һȫͻûк˴ս׼
ں˵εĿֻһ
ѪͫҵĿ𣿡
ΧĽڶһͳע⣺
ӥָ򣡡
󷽣һ˫ĿѪĺˣ˵ͷȻͣ½ŲҽŲһɽʯϣͷգһɲǣһƳĹâһš
ণ
һ̣һӥ঻գϸȥֻһֻӥ˫ĿѪ죬ͻȻи£˫Ŀ˫һգ֮㳯ɽϵĳֱȥ

ѪͫкһһһȺӥָʾķͻϮȥ
Ϯ
ڰУһ˵ĸִţĿ⾯裬ȳЩɱȥ
һ˵ĸҲ˷۶ѸһЩɱȥ
ٺٺ٣ЩϣѰ·
һĿ̱壬һΣ˲ʩչնݡ
ݣǰɱ˵ӣͻȻһѪۣǻû׹׷ʲô£Ѫ罦һ۾˵ڵϡ
໣
ֻһŭХʯ䣬֪ٺ˸ֻž죬ǵѸٵİθͣȻ½ữֻһЩ˵ĵӳȥ
ϣ
һ˷һ½ữĺϣֻ䣬ȫ
⵽ʲôޣ
һ˵ĵӣɫ֣սս˼
ɽмʶôѧвֹ졢аĹûмְ޻Ĺѧ
Щ˵ĳȫǶʶ
Ȼһ̻ûȵЩ˵ĵӺ˼
䣡һֻͨצƤֲڣ͵һԽؿռ䣬˵ӵϡ
ֻһҽУ˵ĵӣʱʮ׸ߣڿоѾѪΪһʬ
סǣ
һ־ŭЩ֪ĺˣ࣬ʵȴǿò˼飬Ҹֹ⼿Ϊɽĵһµĸ˾ûǲ֪ģֱ֧δţδ
ɱ
˷ԴԴϵ˸ַ˶ȴȫ赲ס˵ĽŲ

âһ
һŻڻϵĻЩݱ֮Ħ֮ȼ£һ˸ڵȼգڵȫֵסְԵȼա
ɢݱ֮Ħ֮𣬻ĿӴĺˣ˾ֲ졢޷͵һҹ
ЩʩչĹûһ˵ġ
аȣǰҲҷ
ڼʮɽϴɱ¾ʱͻȻһһĺˣһݣҲһĦ֮𣬷κĵطݺݵغ˹ȥ
һ̧̣ͷһۣ˶ʱɫ䡣
ã
˸Ҫ󳷣Ѿˡ
˵ʱʱ죬ֻһһӰӴޱȣ͵̤
¡¡ը̳ʮ֮ߣ˵ĿУһֻ޴ĺɫֻһצͽʩչĦ֮ĺĳɷ顣
֮ǰһĦ֮ѸٵĲ˺ɫ壬̵ȼաȻֻһ䣬һΪۣɷĦ֮ǿϨ
ɽһȻһȺĺˣǷŶ͵ϮһʱʧأŷҲ׵ļŭˡ
ЩȻǿ󣬺ɫҲΪ죬ŷȴʥ侳۷ǿߣЩ֮в˵Զûô
û˿ԥŷ㻯Ϊ޴ĺɫ룬Ѹĺ˸ֹȥ飬䣬һ֮ǰǿޱȵĺˣŷ㻯ĺɫǰȫɳȥۣһ½ữĺ˳źȥһ̤̤౬Ϊһ̲ࡣ
˸ң˼
һ˻Уһĺ˿зһҰްĵͺ
˲䣬˱һĺڰʧ𣬹âһһͷ޴ĺްεضƾճֻ֡˻ûĺ޲ͬ컯Ϊĺʮ׸ߣҲۣǰ׳ֱۡϵ۵˼㣬
䣡
ֻһգۣͷ˱޽һ̤ŷ㻯ĺɫɽײһ𡣺䣬ײһɲǣʱ䶼·ֹһ̣һɾ˵Ŀֲ֮䱬
ߣ
˼ҽսһʱһ࣬ѪͫԾ˵ٶӹؿռ䣬ӥָʾķȥ
ɱ
ɽϣɱ죬˸ǰͺ̣ЩĪĺˡ
֪ʱɽһ⣬ȴһ˵ǿߵȼһܣҹɫ࣬ǵڶأأĴء岼ɽϹ֯һƬشƾЩ棬ܹ׽һЩ˵ټ
ֻ˻ǵ͹ЩаȣЩ˸ûںǲǷԼʮ˻߰½ữ߻ޣɽһɫɽ϶ȥ


1354 ư
䣡
ӥХµʱѪͫҲϵ˸һ̧֣һɺɫǵأɽܵͬɫľʯһ㣬ҹɫǵɫӰȥ
ǵӰͰӥ׽һģһ
Ȼһ̣ըǵɫӰ˲ķѣ鲼׷ƮطȻ󱻺ٳɷĩ
ٵģ
Ѫͫ˾ͺһ£ͫıɫȻûвܷյģҲûֵزգ֮ͿԽһû
ֻһ˲䣬ѪͫʶԼϵˡ

Ѫͫһţбŭޱȡ˵ǸϼһĿǸʹǰԼʣֱǰˡ
˶ˣˣ
ˣĿ꣬ɽϷ򣡡
һͻȻڵ
ߣҲҪɵõ
ѪͫλɽСӲѷɣֻҪɽϣ;Ӳˡ
ಣ
Ѫͫתͷһȥʱ򣬵ʯ䣬ͻ
аȣߣ
һϵıȣɱݣû˷Ӧһɰľɽʹһ㣬ѹ
Ѫͫɫ΢䣬룬һƣɲǼ䣬ǿһײһѪͫһͬʯһֵסֲһǻûѪͫӦһ̣ߴһĲҽУʮɨҶ㣬ɳȥ
ЩаħȻ˵ĵҰϷĲ㣡
ҹɫУһҰףֱ۴׳ޱȵվ˵ơ
ӣ
˵Ŀ䳤ϣҲɽԪӺǼʮĺѣҲʵǿļ֮һ˾Ԫڲ֮䡣
ߣȥ
Ѫͫź󷽴һƣԼǰӡ
ͣһдѪ𣬾ѪͫıһĹǴ߶೤ı׵Ǽֻ̳գ֮䣬һĹǴ̾ʹѪͫȫؽڴ˳ѪͫȫϢҲһɲǷ췭ظı仯˸˵ĸоһӱΣޱȣҳһɱŰ̡ҵζ
ˣ
һĻͫһɫޱ䡣
ɽݺἸʮأʼʶ㣬¾书䣬ָƣָı̬ͬʱǿȫϢĹֱδţδѾȫԽͨѧ롣
аħǼֱаħ
¶𾪵ɫŨҵɱ˭ƾǽΪܻŻȥ
ô֪ɵֶΣϣҽɣ
Ѫͫҵ趯зЦĿǰӣϱһŨҵûǿɱ
ѪͫһըѸԾ˵ٶȳȥ
䣡
һɲǣ磬Ѹټսһ𡣶ˣѸٳϷȥȻһ˲Ÿո˳֮ǰѪͫĺ˶ʱͣ½Ųɫ
֯ӵĹֻҪȡĿһճùĶܲ׽ĿϢֻҪһΧ֮ڣһԷֶԷڸոһɲϷĿȻûʧǾɽ͵ĶϡҲͬʱĿϢ
Ȼ֪ʲôǺʣĿַʽˣһ顣
ȥϺͶ
ͻȻͷ˵䣬ȻһֺˣѸٳϷ˶ȥʣµĺҲѸһΪŶϺͶȥ
ɽϣԽԽ˸ֳ֣еĳϡ׷׷˶Щ˼ҵĽսһ˫֮以ˡ
ȻʼɱĴֲһɢ֣ɽϱϾۼ˽ǧĸ֣֯ҹŶҲֻܶһ棬ܽе˸ȫ
ЩǰǿҲûһս֮
㣡Щ쵰ڸʲô
ʱ˿̣Ϸ򣬼ưվһʯϣϵ´ָ˸ֳЩڵķȥһΣ˾ۼưӡ
ưҲͻȻõϢûô£˾Ѿܵˡ
ģ⵽ô£ѵ»˲֪
ư־ɡˣưںҲԼ¡ֻҪԼܹʱĸ޹ؽҪ
ɽһƬңǲ֪Сû
ʯ䣬ưԺһͷǸӡ
Ȼûʮ֤ݣǼưʲôӣӼĵһСӾ͸ԼһֹŹֵĸоȻҪǣưϲΧȻԣϲ˶ײԼ
ǸӣưԼ⡣
ˣ
ڼư˼ʱͻȻһƺ۽ǴȻʲôûпǼưӿһΣС䣬ʯ䣬һӰҹ£ͻȻӺڰһżưնɱ
ã
ưһݣıɫϸ룬ưһ̤Ѹٵ˿ȥͬһʱ䣬ŷ䣬͵һȭͻȻĺ˹ȥ
䣬ȭཻײһ𣬵һ̣üư㵵鷢ˡǿһȭཻɲǣȴƮƮģһ㶼ưһȭ̿˲ͱըûˡ

ǼưɣɽպаķǿĪһĻưҲסˣд㵲ѡĳǸȻȫô£׷ʲô
ǼưĴ㵲ûгãһ̣ưô¡

ɵ
һͳӶߴھưԶĵطʮͻȻ֣зҰްĵͺ
䣡
ûȼưӦһڵĻ棬̺һ˿ëȻżư
ưһΣбɲȥԺܹ֮ǵɫ档ڲɲǣоǹɿɲưëͫһŨŨľ塣
ǼưΣյĻ档
ɵ
ǵͳ˻ƵٴδӲԶ
һɲǣʮɿֲϢȫ˼ưһ̣ưɫ԰ףҪֹͣˡôΣյľ棬ûһо˵Ŀ¡
ߣ
ưҲ룬ҽڵһţź󷽣㵹ȥܡ
Щ˵ʵ̫ǿˣưָоԼٲܣܻ
Ǽưǵ͹Щ˵ķӦ¡¡Ժ֮ڼưԭվĵط̳
Ǻܿ죬һʵǿģ½״̬ĺͷĿƿնһֱִۣؼư󷢶һ𿪼ưĻӡڼưϡ


1355 Ԫһ֣
ۣ
һɲǣư͵һѪݣֻѪҺըײ֫ͷ­ָоͺеѪҺ඼Ҫһ㡣
ưعǶ֪˶ٸ
ҪǣһɺɫĻҲ͸룬֫ٺգɫѪҺֱӴӱʳһɲǣưһǿҵĿ־塣
һΣоԼ֮
Ǹ쵰һ
ưҧгݣа޲ѡ֪ԼһξǱ˰ˣܰģĿĺģֻ
ɵǣ
ư߿գֱ
飬һ̣һѪըԼưһʩչѧаѪݴ󷨣ٶȼһѪΪһں磬Զȥһɲٶȱ֮ǰֹҸ½״̬ĺ˶ûзӦ
ɱɵǣ
˷ɱɽϣһ˸Ѹٴ˷ӵѸһ󣬳ЩĹȥ
Щʵǿ󣬵ΪɽĵһҲԼϣʲôĶ֣
ϣ
˵ıըڶֻһǣ˵ĸǰͺ̣׷ӿ˶ʱʧȥ׷ưõĻᡣ
ԣ
ͷĿйâһҲƺоʲôôһɲǣȷʵǸܵļһϸоǹϢҲĿ꣬ǵԷʩչ̼ǱܵطܵʱǹԭĿϢʧøɸɾ
ʣҲĿꡣ
Ǹܵļһ취ҵĿ꣬Щһȫɱ
ͷĿһâ飬һ̧һɺɫĻŨ֭Хһ˵ĸ֡ɫĻ֡

ֻһĲҺ˵ȫȼգֻƬ̣ͻΪһ߽ʬ˵ڵء
ͬʱطҲըҲҵϢλãһ󼤰ıըУȫʧϽһģһ̶ֻʱ䣬ͺ˼һǺ˺˵սԽļҡ
ˡ
ʱһԶսĵطһԭڵص˵УһӰһ£ͻȻվĿӹɽϻ򶷵Ӱ΢΢һ£΢΢¶һ˿Цݡ
ڣԪһһֱ׷ʦͼ˵©ƺԼ˻ɣʵǿ˳ֱӰλ뿪ȥ·˵ĸ֪Уļһɽ
ҲǣҲǣҲǣֻս취ܹ֯ϢԼɵġ֮Ľһ㡣
Ȼڵʱ䲻ҲûʲôսսУȴǴ´ˡ
ƾ˵Щ˻ǲ
ɨһΧս΢΢üͷЩأʵǿĲ˼飬Ȼŷĸֵֵǲִ֮Եֵ
ĿһתʶɽһɫԪһڵĵط˵һܸıⳡսĻҲֻλ˵ˡǲ֪Ϊʲôﾲĵģһֱڶûж
һЦЦתɽȥ

ҹɫžɽϺɱ죬ɽ֮ȴһƬžϸȥɽŴԼಽĵطһƬдеҹ紵еҶ֮ڶЩҶϷһſƽذϿգһ
սѾһˣפһ㶼ûгֵ˼·еһ޹ء
ɽһС鷳
ҹ紵Ķ˿ɽͻȻڵ
ٺ٣ֻСֿʼʩչĹˡ
ҲĶһЦҲˣ͸һѪζ
죬Ҫǳ𣿡
һ̣˵ĿͬʱߴĶˣȻͬŶңмĶϢأ˸߳һأ졣
һƬžмĶפڰһԲһȫⲻĵ뷨
ˣ
ãмĶ˲ͻȻڣ
һλûء
һ˵ţһ߻̧Ŀ⣬ӹգɽͶ˵һɫ
ȻսһƬң˵£Ƕɫͺһһ˿Ӱ졣òۣⳡսҲûжע⣬ڶ˵ĸ֪Уȴ̺һżǿķ籩

ɽϣսԽԽңΪɽһ˸ƣ㼯ڶĶǿߣЩ˵ķ£Ҳ˲ٵ
ģôǲСӵټѵܷ˲ɣ
ɽϣѪͫݺݵҧбŭޱȡ
ণ
ʱͻȻһХɽѪͫһ̧ͷֻ֮ǰµӥ֪ʲôʱٴγɽѰĿټֻһΣָʾķκαĵطǡǡɽ
ߣ
Ѫͫкһһ߳ɽһ߿зһ߿ޱȵļХһǼ䣬˷һ˷·յʲô׷˦ԵĶ֣ɽǶɫڵλöȥ
˷˵ĵӷ׷ɱȴ赲סʮɣʮɣɡɽԽԽ
ھɽɵʱѪͫһͣһǿҵΣͻȻбǶò۵İɫѪͫĸ֪ͻȻΣޱȡ
ݣ
ѪͫȻоΣͣ½ŲȻĺ˸ûʲôоɹȰԼٶȳɽȥ
һǰİ½ữĺ˾ɽɵľ롣
䣡
һûг鿴˼ֱӾһɻԵľڱǶɫȥ
˵ʱʱ죬Ƕɫ챻еʱһŭͻȻ洫

Ǹ̺Īϣ߸ϣ˲һּȿ־ĸо
ˣ
һɲǣʱ䶼·ֹ˵ĿУһɿֲԼµٶȱѵأɽ͵شӰɫڱŷǿµ쫷ϯֻһɢǰ˷Ĺ˳塣
ۣ
ֻһգۣ½ữĺشݣ۶ϣ۵һѪ˲ײɳȥ
ǹɰɫЪܿϯϮĺˡ
飡
˽ͬײһεĸǽһ㣬ҺţɫͬɿȥЩеİ½ữǿеĻޣսǿҲΪѴʥ侳ġȻЩǿֲİɫǰȫ縡Ƽһ㣬ͳͳҽűɳȥ


1356 ˳֣
ã
Ѫͫɫ䣬Ҳ룬ȥѪͫΪʩչնݣȻϲǰɫ˹ٶȡ飬âһֻһգۼ䣬˾׷ѪֻͫüƴȫһǡĦ֮𡱣Ȼ㱻ǹİɫ˻ˡ
¡¡
ǷپĺɫĦֻ֮˱Ƭ̣ǹɰԵǿл𡣶еѪͫ۵һƷѪɫ԰ףҲ߷ݰ˳ȥ
ֻһںУΪҲŵǰеѪͫǶϽۣˡ
Ũ̹ɳһ߲Ѫ鲼ɫΧʮڣʯһ˵ʬ͵ڵϣĺˣһؿڣֵĿɽǶҹɫУ۵İɫ
һɲǣؼž
ɽͺ󷽣һеʼٸ壬ҲվڰУ¶һ˿𺳵ɫ
ֻͣһѲ죬ɫһɫӰ˫֣ĿŲݣĴ˳һӴģɽʹ󺣰ϢڱŷΧжŤ
һɲǵԪһɫΰأ̺һɽͰ㣬Ϊؼ䵱֮ġ
ôܣʵȻ֮ǿ
ɽǵӰһΣһ˿ŨŨļɵ
سǣЩ½ữߺ޻ĺǽֵģΪˣ֪ǵʵжôǿԭΪԪһʵǿӦҲʥ۷壬۹󽫶ļ
һɲǣŸоԼжϿ´ˡ˵ս²ʦ١ʱ䣬ʦһֱָ˵Ϊһ΢Ĵڡ
ʦа˵Щ֣ҲûšʦɵԸܰģûһƲ硣ҺʦȣЩٶһʱ䡣
ʦ΢ʱЩʦ޵УֻҲڸԵ书˲ٵĽ
ˣΣգ
ԪһһֱĻԼݣһɽŰϣһ˲䣬ǿҵΣոСԪһˣǸȻİֻԼҲù
ٴˣ
а
ɽһƬңȴû뿪оõӿʼڣɽ£ֲϢһֱûʱòȻ֣»ͬʱԪһǵע⡣
ֻܵһˡ
ǿ԰һ
ǵʲôˣ
ԪһŲݣһ̤ǰĺ˱ȥ
ΪɽʵһִţԪһһֺϵƣлȻսľ
ȻԪһӸµʣûκһ˻Ӧ
飬ҽһ̤һĿ¶ɱѸץһѸԪһȥһжɲǼĺҲ׷һһԪһȥ
磬ûʲôǷԪһʵٸߣҲֻһӡֻӡʵǿһЩˡ
ߣ
ԪһĿһһԼĺˣû˿ôֵġ
ֻһֱֻһֻ΢΢һ£˲Ϣߵ̫֮ҪĿָƿնЩˡ
飬ֻһ죬ǿİ½ᣬʵǿĺޡԪһⵯָһȫֵס
ۣâһֻЩ˵ؿڡҪλͻȻһִѪ͸Ѫһۿǻڵ඼ܿ
ôܣ
һ˽ŲȻֹؿϵһѪһĿɿڴĲ˼顣
ǵʵУҲѶЧ˺࣬Ȼһָͽǵô޷ܡ
飬ԺлЩͷЩǰһڣֱͦͦԵڵһ
žޱȵļž
һԭɽϳȥĺͣ˽Ų԰ɫǿ־塣




ڶݵļž֮е˵ӷ׷һɽХĻ
Щ˲֪ðһҹ£źڽޱȣһƫƫǿò˼顣
Ĭɽʱһﲻ˵ЩγԱȣͺǵгֵһ㡣
ֻһ棬֪˵ĵǵУ϶ǵĶ֡˶оĿ־ͲգЩ˻Щжôǿǰչֻ߹

һӿɽԶֱԵڿеĶ˶
ǵֵסˣ
ߵĶͻȻڵ
벻ݵĳ͢ɽоȻҲ
ǿĶ֣ҲҪˣ
ʱҲĶҲˡƾγɱԼôಿ£ɽе۾ֵһսˡ
мĶ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
ȥɣ
ɱ
ԶɱܵԪһĹ裬˷е˵ӾУ߾ŵЩ˹ȥ
ٺ٣
һĻϣĶͻȻһЦ¶һ˿̵Цݣڵʵĵϣһ㽫һī䵶˵ʡ
ϣ
ֻһԽĵǼ䣬һ̰ʧ

ɽ£սڼҵĽУ˵ĵӻǽ൱һֵĺɽ͸ط
ɱ
ɽ£һ˵ӴսȦΧĵطѸһȥ
һһǿҵΣոУȻ˵ĵӣɫ΢䣬ȻתͷյһƬڰͻȻһƵĵۣϸ緢˿Ѹ
ͣ˵ûӦ㱻һƵһΪ´Ȼ͵ػΪźɫĻ棬ȼաֹˣǻк£Χʮ֮ڹͺͺĵ涼ȼ
飡
ֻһգۣ˵ӵʬ͵رըеһеڶͬʱ˵Զĵطûκεףڶ˵ĵӣͬһĻпΪ챬ըĻ档
һֻһգۣɽʮ˵ĵ˲Һţȼ
ɫĻͬˮһ㣬ɽʡ
ͣ
һֻһΣĳһ˵ӣĵϸ緢˿жʮɳɲǼ䣬䣬ɽͶ·пˡ
Ƕʮ˵Ӳǲûвǰ׷׵ĸ㣬пֿŨŨĺɫȼա

һ˵ĸ֣пͷ­ںɫĻĲҺΪҵʹŤ

һĻɽԭ˷ܣ˹ȥ˵ӣһ϶¶˼ȿ־ɫ
ǵµĵǰÿ˶ͬϰСԼεķֻ·һ
Ҫǣһգ֮ô˵ĸ֣ǾȻȫû˭ͺһֻһ㣬ָоֱ˷


1357 
ͣһ⣬ոһ㣬Ƕʮ˵ĸַ׷׵ȥ
һû緢˿ĵǰ˵˾Ȼ˿ɵǵ⣬ѸգZΣɽɽɱ¾ȥ
ħа
ʱһȣͬըϷǵ緢˿ѼĵٴγֵʱйâһһŨҵĻ۵ȼգȻһ㣬ǵжʮɳ˹ȥ
͸棬ԼɼһߴӰ׳˶ͭһ㣬򸲸һγɵĻסͻգ߰˴񣬶羧ʯһּ᲻ɴݵĸо
޻𺣣
˾Ԫ͵شһɽХһ㣬ǵĵҵײһ
䣬һ˺ɨ˷ڣ۷顣ھ߰˳ߵĵط˵Σһδ¶
Ŀһɫ䵶裬˵ĸоһֻ˳Աһ㡣
һ࣬˾ԪһȭƳ˵ڵϣģվȡ
ɫҲȻ԰˲١ȻոһУ˾ԪҲ˲ٿ֮ǰа˵սУԪδʵǿĶˣ˲ǳ
ߣ
Ŀϵ˾Ԫףеĺɫ䵶ѪĳٴιȰʧС
նݣ
նݵ汾ٶȺ֮նҪǿöࡣʩչʱϢȫޣޱȡҲԽжʵλá˾Ԫʵǿ˳ϣҪ׽˵Ҳס
ͣ
һ۸֣ٶȱ֮֮ǰݣֵʱѾ˾Ԫ׼Ŀ˾Ԫ׵ĺ󱳣
䣡
˾Ԫɫһ䣬ִټ䣬ֻü۰˳ɵըȻһķ̶ȱ˾ԪĻҪֻһʿ˾Ԫ׵Եĵݺݵն˾Ԫ׵ĺ󱳡

¶һ˿̵ЦݣǺ֯һŶĵѧǧֻն
ŵʼʱҪһ֮ʮٵǧࡣǵ߾ʱеĵΪһͳǶʮɳϸ緢˿ĵۡ
أȴǿĲ˼顣
ǵ۹۷ǿߣҲԽǵֽƬһʿ
䣬ƥն˾Ԫ׵ϣһ̵ɢĵնһһ㣬Ȼȫ˾Ԫ߰˴׵
˾Ԫڰһ̺ʮףɫ˲ò԰ޱȣվǱ
ףף
˾Ԫ׶еһ׾ѧӿʼɹ㻨ʮʱ䣬ڴﵽһԲĵز
˾Ԫܹλʵǿļ֮һľѧǿľѧ˾ԪϵףףҲѶ̫˺
һ̣꣬һ촫˾Ԫϵף׿ؿڵλû˿ףͻȻѿһϸѺۣЩѺۣ˾Ԫ׶ʱʧȥ򶨡
ôܣ
˾ԪһһɼļɵףĸҪ̣ܹһϲѺۣԷĵԼĻҪ
ߣ
еĶȻҲע⵽һĻĿһγٴη
˾ճϣ㣡
ʱ򣬹â˸ɽĳҲʱ˹
΢紵ԶϣҲĶһЦĽŲһһʮɣһ˸ʧ١
ڶûоκˣ̣˾Ԫ׵˲Ѹɽ۶ȥ
ӵдնݣѾڲ֮أһ˸ҪİɽۣԪһĴڣеĺ˶˼вֳʵѪͫǸǶ֡
ڳ𣡡
ɽϰϰ޴£ɫǰԪһĿԶһ˫գΧеĶ
ɽº˾Ԫ׼սˣѱ棬ٶͻĵڶˣֻԶϣûгֵ죬ȫӲԪһķۡ
սʼͲǵĴڣԪһ֪һֱûʲôĶ˲в
ֻսʤǣп߽ⳡΣ
Ҳһֱûж֣ķԭ
ɱ
ɽϺɱ󣬵ڶԪһķâǰк˱ɽʶԪһµɱ¾ѪͫҲη壬˵ˡк˶ԶԶأʶĻرԪһ
˵ѾǿĲ˼顣
ˣһ̫ǿԸ
ȺУѪͫ˻
ӿʼڣսУа˳ԪһУֱǴɱҲֻڴλˡ
΢Ԫһһڣ̤Ų뿪ɽսȥ
ΪսģʵȫͳμĴڣԪһľٶ˵ע⣬Ԫһһ亹ˡ
ɫ԰ףȥ
ͣ
ԪһɫĮָһһǰĺˣһָУֱͦͦĵڵϡ
Ԫһû˿Ĳ̤ǰȥ
ˣ̤֮ԪһһţɲǼһһ˶ʱ类һε˲û뵽ԪһУһֻѼӰ㣬ڰС
˵ǵʲôˣΪʲôҪ֣
ԪһӸ£һ侲ƽȴ޿־Ŀ˵
ߣ
ֻһЦûԪһ֣һҧһɺѪһϢȫޡ
һĻԪһڵһüͷ
Ȼʿ
ɽУɱǺ飬Ǻ˻ЩһڳݼضһܣɱκˣаӵܶôɣֻʿŻɵ顣
ϡϣ
ʱԪһɨսе˳ϣͻȻڵ
Ϣңڸոյսˡ

Ԫһ˵ϣˣݵԪһߡɫ԰ף鶼Ǻܺÿ
˵ĳУǵΪ΢һЩĦ֮;ݱ֮ĵֿһЩЩ˼У˻ֻ棬ʹ˵ļ
Щ˾ͽˣ
ԪһͷҲûָֻ̧£һ̣ɾƿնû뵽˵ڡ
һǣֻڵϢͣϵۿɼٶѸٻָһճϵϣһصҸĵڣۿɼٶѸٵֺϣҳµ⡣
ͣԪһͷҲû̧ǼָҵսУ˵ģڼ֧ŵ˸֣Ϣʱۿɼٶȼָֻһգۣǵɫһһ㣬ٴγǰɱȥ
ˣ
ɽͶˣվһ޴ʯ󷽣һĻƤ£֮У˻ָ߶飬ǸûԪһһ赭дĸ˸˵ͬʱۿɼٶȽϵ˺Ĩȥ˿Ѹ
һ㣬°˾ųɵ߶޷Ѿ书ˡ

ʯ䣬һͷӹԺ뵽ʲôǻû˼һ̣ԶսѾ˾ı仯


1358 㳾
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬âһһıжʮ׳и֣͵һ޺ݺݵسԪһȥǸϻܣɫĦ֮¡䶯Х˵ĸоֲޱȡ
ıӹգ絶ֻͣһѲɫĳ޹ʱֽŰʿ¶пڹ⻬ޱȡ
һ޵ķ̶ȣ¾һҲᱻ롣
ž
Ȼһ̹âһһֻư޳ǿָһţ˲ץסޱȵıӡɫĻѸӶϣǸһȭͷҲȼղȥͺһε谭һ
ϣ
ʱһдԪһֵɲǣһӰһͻȻ֡տʼʱʮ⣬һգۣͳԪһǰ
һֱֻ۴ŰɫļȭףԾ˵ٶȳԪһȥ
ণ
һȭһذը˱ըǧХ֮ǹƼ侪ˡ
ֻһȭѾԽ˵һˣֻ˾Ԫ׺ּǿҲ֮⡣
һ̣âһһֻƽ˲بڵڶ˵ȭǰסһȭ
ȭཻһ춯صľ졣
䣡䣡䣡
һɲǾͺʮȫ֣Ԫһ͵ڶΪģƥϯܣ֮ߣͺҹɫ֮ըһ
飡
ը̳Уڶ˱ʮಽԶԪһʯһ㣬֮Уһ
Ǿ춯صĽȻûʹŲ벽
һɲǣؼž
սпһĻ˶׷ױɫڶ˶¶𺧵ɫ
֪Ԫһǿû뵽ɽеǿ߾ȻǿֵزȻҲ޷Ԫһ

ͬʱһͬе𶯵Ļɽ塣
һֱΪԪһʵǿҲ̫ףԼʵҲȻܹ֮һսǿһĻ֪ԼԶԶ͹˵
һɲǣҲףʦݵλԼǿΪʲôԪһΪľˡ
ƾ˵ڶһƣԪһ;ǵǿ֮һ
ԣ
ʱ۾һգͻȻע⵽ҹɫһЩͬѰ󣬾ɽϣԪһľը֮֮ͺͺʯĵϣͻȻۿɼٶȳһشص̲ݡ
ھԪһԼʮಽ⣬һѾϨģľͷϣֱӿһСָСĻɫС
زﳤ
Ժӹһͷ˲ɲ˵ʼ廹ֻǲ²ĻôڿһĻѾȷλִ֮ţľѧ֮һͬʱҲʮ湦еġزﳤ
ϱӣҲֻžѧۼҲֻǵһΡ湦УŹ̫޼ԪɹͲλе
ϱ룬ӽ֮䵽ç֮е鲢˽⡣Ҳû뵽ųơĪ⣬ﳤҪʮϿ๦ġزﳤȻһַʽԼǰ
Ź츳ԵҪ󣬼̣ؼǣȻλʮ湦֮Уƴ󣬵ŹȡɣҪһһͰ࣬ϼʱܳɹ
֮ѹûҪȥ취õزﳤΪûжʮʱȥһŹ
ڣôˣ
һԻ϶ʮʱ䣬ӣ꣬ԼˣһԼ̣־ǿǳԶԸˡһʱ䣬忴ǰԪһıӰһǿҵļɵ
Ҳۣƾһ㣬ԪһǸµĶ֡
ߣ벻ɽл
ҹ֮Уڶ˴գ΢ͷɫ৵һ·衣Ϊ˵֮һǾĿǰҲٿڣ˵ˡ
˵ȴԼʵӮأһڡ
㻹һ
һ˿ĺ⣬һ̣ڶ˵һٴʧ֮Сͬһʱ䣬žǸģʮɣĦ֮𹹳ɵĺɫҲٴκХһ˿һ㣬ݺݵ˦ţХУٴͬһ㣬ǰԪһ˹ȥ
ʣڵԪһѾе֮ĵһС
ҪɵĿ꣬ͬʱⱻԪһɱڳĺˣͱøɵ
䣡
һ̣ըɫ˺ƺƵΧԪһΧʮڡڶ˵ġնݡ֮κ˶Ҫö࣬ҲҪĪĶࡣĹԳκһһ㣬˷ʤ
ԪһȫġֻһıըɽըĿӶһ˸˵һ۳ϣȻû£ͬɽϼӲʯһը촷ۣ˷ȥ
ﬣ߰˱ڵϵһֱƬ˽ֵǰЩӲƷõĸĵҲȫܲס
ǿ߽֮ھѪͫ˶¶ɫ׷ȥ
ֻվ˽ֵԵܹ˵ķâͬʱȫϢ˼㣬ȫע
ȫǼǿĶ֣һΣԼαװɡӡУЩ˵ľԼˡʱҲͰˣڴ컯׶ãЩ˾Σޱȡ
λллȻˣ
ƳһԶɫھ˵ӵȻа
ͻȻֵĶˣ֮֮ǰκһ˶Ҫǿڣ˴֣˵ɽ£ڰоģһŸǿϢûг֡
ҪΪȻԼʵȻ˵ӲˣҲǼա
ԪһߣֳʵǸСҴôץʦԼҲץ֮ܽ˵ĥǵĲʵҲԼʦδԵΣա
ȻӲƴ˸Ķ֣
ҹХ޷˿趯˫֮жӹһĨâ
ս֮УŨ̹ңرˣ󿪴أٶޱȣȫϡںܶ˵ⳡսѾȫԽǵ񣬸޷пʲô
Ƕ˵ȴȫӰ졣
˵ٶȴﵽ˼£ÿһȭٱһʮᡱǿһ̶ȣò̫ļɣֱӾͿԽ֡˵ܷĶ£ٿʮɳƥĺɫĦ޻ޣӸϹ


1359 Ķˣ
ǿƺƣǧ㣬Ԫһפڰ֮Уͺ֮еĽʯһ㣬ɫݣʼԲӦ䡣ĸĹǰһ̧֣һָ׾ٵĻΡ
ּҵսԪһͥŲһ㣬ʼûһ¡
һĻ嶼Ϊ֮ݡ
رͬǿߣԪһ˸һһǿĳʹõ۹󽫼ҲԸɡԪһȴȫӰ졣
زﳤȻľ࣬ľάһ֧е࣬ҿԼٶȣʹԪһܵκƣԼٶȻָңڣٵÿһ㣬û˿ԪһһԼôõʱ䣬濹⣬ȭȭ⡣սûκιԳԽزﳤ
Ŀͫ㣬Ѹһͷ
һĿáزﳤսʮ湦ÿһŶнȻͬҺܹսǳԪһͶ˵ս崥ͨҲһЩ
ЩˣһԵ岫ɱΪУһһʽﵽΪ򣬴ɲĵزսϣǧĲɱȫһġ
ֹˣ֮ͨԴ硱ĽǶȹ۲ⳡս˿ȫһЩŨ̺̳û˿Ӱ죬նݡҲȫӲ۾
Ҫǣ͸֮Դ磬ĿԪһϵǧ˿ƣ׳УҲܲ׽ˡնݡƶ켣ǰս֮У޷ġ
ÿһεײ֣뷴жչ¶ɣɽϣκ˶ġ
ˣ
ڹעԪһսʱͻȻ֮䣬һͻȻоʲôŤͷɽһ˹ȥһ̣ɫ΢΢һ䣬һڣʧ˺ڰ֮С
ոʧͬʱʯ䣬¡¡ɽһӴɽ緢һ㣬Ȼӵص֮б꣬һɽѿԶԶȥû˷Ӧһ̣һֻʯɵľ֣ÿһִָʯһ㣬ͻȻӵص̽˳
ǰֲ߲ڵƣȻǺһ޴ֱۣû˷Ӧһֻ̣̩̹˰գ֮٣ͻȻǰԪһһץ˹ȥ
ܵͷͻȻµľƣһɲԪһ̧ͷҲ΢΢ɫȻûȵܡ
䣡
âһ̩̹˰һ£˲佫ԪһץС

һĻ˵ɫ䣬׷׾ۺһ࣬һȴǾ
ˣ
һĿѩͬǿһ˱еĻҪ֣رǸ˵ԶԸλĴ˳֣һоȫͬ
ɵǣһ
ҹɫУѪͫķһͺսڣҲʧ˲֣һ˻
ûκˣڴ֮ǰ˴ʧǸƵҲûѾɹǵɱģ
һɲǣ˫֮ɱԽҡ飬ԽԽ˵Ӻͺ˵ѪС

󣬻ǵҳְ
ڰУһͬʱҲݵλߵĶˣ۰ڶͻȻǰ̤һڵµˣ⣬Щͼġۡ˶٣˵ûκε塣ǣô˵ڶûҵĿꡱ
һȺ
һ˿⡣ˣɽ˵ԪһҲɹע⡣
ǲĿ꣬ûκˣκΥǡʼôģǺĿһʱ򣬾ѾעĽ
䣡
ʱһ춯صľɽϴ
˵ĿУֻ̩̹˰ʯֱ۱һڲըɷ顣âһԪһٴγ˵ĿСѩ̬ݣ¿
ƴһûκ𺦡
һĻԶĵڶ˶΢΢ɫҪ뵲һԪһһ㳾һ¶ûС
ڰ಻ס𣡡
ԪһûǰˣĿѩ絶һɽԶʼûгֵˡ
ǰ˸ûбʼգҲֻһ˶ѡ

ߣ
ͬʱԶϵĶҲƺоԪһĿ⣬һЦոһҲֻǿθ˶ѣǰ
ͣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ֻһѲ졣ıͻȻԼ׵Ϊģ͵سѿ¶·µѿͬʱȻǰһ̤¡һʯ׹£ԶΪģԲǧڣ𵴣һɿֲӶڱΧնŤ
ֹˣڶ̤һ̣ƬضͺܲסֻƵ㡣

һްϿմһ̣ڽڰθߣͬʱһɽĹƤð
ֻ꣬һգۣ˵Ͱθߵʮ߸ߣһԼٶߣ֣׳飬ݵĺɫը÷飬ͷǶԵĶҲգķѡԶԶľ룬͸ڰֻʧȡ֮һâĽˡ
ڰУԼٶһɣɣɡգۼ䣬˾ͱ仯һߵĽɫˣһڰθ߱׳
仯ͬʱһɿµϢأϱϢֻԶԶ֪һ£սŨŨη塣
ˣ
ȿһĻɽڼս˵ӡ
ʲô
Сģ
һ˵۾ǲ
ɽϿգԪһŰɫľˣϵһ¶˼ɵɫ
ⳡսڲǽ⣬һȻûгֺ֣ްϢѾԶԶ֮ǰκһˣԪһҲɲһǿҵΣ
ߣǽսʱˡ㣬Сϣ㵽Ҳһܲˡ
ϿգѾʧˣֻʣһжʮ׸ߵŭĿһĽɫˡӲͬ㣬һ׳ʵļƤ͹𣬳Ļ
飡
𶯣˵ĿУŲһ߰ףԪһڵɽͶȥһɲǣսͷһϳѹĽɫˣÿһ˶оһϢζ˵ӷ׷ȥ¶ηɫ


1360 ɫˣ
ݣǽɫƻʵ죬ֻƬʱͿգɽ¡
ҽ̤գǵһɽϣˣĽֺɽɲǣط·Ҫѿһ㣬ƾڷ㡣
Һԣ˶
ɫ˾Ӹ£˫Ŀͭһɨɽͱ硰ϡ˵ӡ
ͷľˣһ˵ɫ԰ף׷¶ɫ
û˼ѧ桢ŷ˻ľȫͬǾԲ仯һ߰˳ߵ࣬Ȼգۼ仯һͷʮ׸ߵĽɫˡֱԽ˵

һ˵ĸ壬͵ش
ߣ֪ϣֶΡ
ɫľ¶һ˿Цݡ
ֻһѣһɵ
Ȼ֮䣬֪˭ڼѹͿ־Ĵ̼£ҪôܣҪôͲӦӦ
ݣ
âһһ˵ʮ׸ߵĽɫ˳ȥһжɲǼ䣬˵Ҳ׷˷˻Ľɫ˳ȥ
Ҳ£Ӵõİӣ
Ӹ򹥻һɵ
˷һ˵Ӵţ׷׳˹ڿ־Ĵ̼£ܱǱֻϵıըӿЩ˵ϱ֮ս֮ǰҪӿҪ硣
Сģ
ͬʱһ˳Ҳ뵽˽֮УЩͨȣǵľӸҲǿֻâһһɹǿǵأɽӸŽɫ˺
һɲǼ䣬˷ĹХɫŰΧ
֪
һĻɫֻһЦһ̣˵ĿУɫ͵һȭ
¡¡
ʯ䣬һɽɫĹâӽɫ˵ȭбŷɹâܵ˼㣬Ҳǿᵽ˼㣬˵ĸ֪УһɲǾͺгһɫˣ˷е˳Ϻ͵ӺХȥ
ֻһ춯صľ죬һʱ䶼·ֹ˿־ĿУɫ֮˷һ˳Ϻ͵ӱȻ·һ㣬黯ʵգۼ仯ΪһҺɫʯ飬׷׹
¡ݵ֮ͣɽɫѼٶȳķ˷е˳Ϻ͵ӡһӹһ˵ӣ˾ֵĿУ˵ӲͷӷҿʼȻƤָף
飡
ֻһ죬һ̣˵ӻһʯֱͦͦˤڵϣҳʯм
飬˵ӵµͬʱһʯ˵صĵڵϣǵգ֮䣬֮ɫΧʮе˵ӺͳϣͬǷȫʯˤڵء
ֻһȭɫ˾Ͱ˵ûκεѪֻ֮һʯѡ

һҹɽϺХǼ䣬ɽžѻȸһ˫˫۾һĻһͷƤըзɫ԰ޱȡ
ôܣʲô
߸ߵɽϣһ˸ֲ촽
仰˵еĿ־壬û˼书Ȼ԰Ѫ֮ɼӲʯͷҲܹʯѾ书ķˣûκԿԽɫ˵
˸˵ģ
ͬе𶯵ĻԪһԼһ塣
Ԫһʶ㣬һĻɫҲɱ
⵽Щʲôˣ
Ԫһб⡣ӿʼڣ˵ĹԵú޸ɣǵ书Ҳɽ֪κһֹôĵӱɱԪһҲһŭ⡣
ȸɵ㣡ȥԸǸˣ
ԪһĿһ䣬ܿǰԶĵڶˡ
ͣ
Ԫһָһɳָ㳯ŵڶ˹ȥͬһʱ䣬ԪһһΣ˲ʧԭء
⻹һ𹥻
䣡
ʯ䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬ԪһѸٺ͵ڶصײһ𡣵ڶѾʩչ˴նݼܿȻԪһ׼ƶ켣ǿӲƴ
ۣ
ԪһһĽڶ˻һ͵ſһѪԪһȫֵʱ򣬾ҲǶ֡
ɱôӣΪκβ𣡡
Ԫһɽͻ죬δ䣬ֻһХʮָӶԪһϱŵڶֹȥԪһΪڶ˶֧ţ˲Ϣ䣬ɫ˲١
һ࣬ܵĳģΪǺ˻ԪһߣֻǶ֪֪׵ġ
⵽ʲôѧϵĹֱδţδЩ˵ʲô
д˷鼤ѡ
Ѿһκͺ˽ӴˣǺǽӴԽ࣬ԽԻͲ⣬Щ˾һ㣬ļȴšôصҲԴʷҵǵļأϤǵԴΨЩˣԽֻԽء
ΪֹΨһĹģǵϾǰ֮顣
Ȼλɺʹʳ۹񻰴˵бʮħİɣҲûŪǵ֪ǵĿġ
ǾһʷĳУϸʱȴַʲôûСҵΪֹ嶼֪Щô֪Լġ
ϵЩƺԼҧţȴʼûױԭ
ԪһΣˣ
ЩͷԺһܿע⵽ɽʮ׸ߵĽɫˣɽ󲽶
ĲƺʵޱȣһɹɽɫԲͣӿбɫ˻е˵ӷ׷׻ΪʯӦǿг׷ױɫ˻ɻҺɫʯ飬һӿ׹ɽ棬̳һɫǰĹ켣
Խɫ˿ֲʵѹ˶壬߰׷ȥ
ɽϣԪһɫҲ
˿
һޱȣǽɫ˵ԪһĶ֣ɫҲĸԸ֡
ݣâһڶ˱֧ŲסʱʩչնӲԪһһָ˺ľ롣ڵڶ˳սͬʱ
䣡
һ̣ԪһǶʮ׸ߵĽɫڰײһ˵ȭͷһСһСֻȭͷɽһ㣬Ȼ˱ȴͬǿ
û˿һֻ֪սʱɽ类һͷеʯһ㣬ҵĶƺʱ


1361 ⣡
ʯӿ׹ֻһգۣٴصײһ𡣺¡һľŷն·˺ˡ
һΣΣΡԪһͺ컯Ľɫһȭȭϵײһ˫ȭȭ⣬˭ҲûкˣĽɫһӿ磬ϵĳȥͼԪһΪʯ顣
ǽɫǿĴڣһҲǿӲĶֿ֡ԽʯĽɫ˲ϵĽԪһΪʯ飬ȴʼ޷ԽһΪﵽԪһּ𣬼ɫĴڣҲ׵Ľܡ
Ԫһѷǽɫһ㣬
ɽϵĳĿ⻺ĵطһ͵ڶҲʼжˣɽϴɱ¾ĳϺڶĸּУֵҲǶ֡
ֿԷĦ֮𣬾˵ĳϺͺܶ޷ֵġ
ˣ뿪ˣ
ɨһսңһƬҵɽϣа
˵ʱݵ㣬ѾöΣޱȡԪһڵѰټĴɱͬʱʵҲѰӰ
ֻҪݱ¶ԭս¶֡ԪһĳѾʶˣ˵ʵҲ˽⣬뿪ʱ
ʦȥˣ
尵ЩüþգҪ̫ɽϴһ죬Ҳˡ
ͷܿ쳯ɽ͵ı棬ٵķȥ
ô죬Щ̫ˣǻûϵ𣿡
岻ո߳һΣҹɫкȻһ仰üͷһ壬ͣ˽Ų

һĨȻĵط˹ȥ˸ϸˣһ̸ʲô
дҲһʱ䣬˲ٵĳϺ͸֣û˻һʲô
Զֻ˽ŵ
֮ǰ˵ǱߵͻһԸаˣǸǱߵʮǰѾˣзɸ봫˵ѾˣѾʮˣûе֣
ڰУһ˸ֵ˵ĵһ仰һݡ
˵ĸʵŷ㡢˾Ԫ֮ϣһԪһѾѶԸˣһĸһ֮У˵¼䲻
һ˿㳲ˡһʦ֣Ǽע⣬¾ʦ͹һ֮еΣճ̶ȡ
尵΢΢Щ
Զ˻ûз壺
֮ǰҲ˵ͻʱӦҲǲԶˡΣҲֻһˣøǾ˸û˶Ըˡ
һ˵˸ֵ
û취ˣֻҽźţһҪøǾϹ
һ˸ָŵ
˴ע⣬ܿ뿪ֻϢ䣬һֻŸڿն𣬷Զͬһʱ䡪
ݣ
ֻһ̶ļХһ̣һ֧ҫ۵̻ںڰ׵ĸ߿գȻұը䣬˵ĿУ̻ǧâҹɫлΪһ޴ҫ۵̫ɺͼ˵ı־
һǣ֧̻ӳ£ɽΪһƬ磬ʮ֮¶ܹ
Ѿߵ˰ɽϣ֧޴̻Ҳһݡ˳Ϊɽһûеƾ֧̻ǾܹѸٵĺӦʱ֧Ԯ
ϿңҾͲܷ˲ɣλɽţԲ뿪ɽ͡ҵζˣ
ʱһͳɳƵǰǰʮ⣬һɳݺݵһ˵ţһ߷Ӷ
һݣΣɽһϨ󷽣ͬʱȫϢ˼㡣
Ȼûע⵽壬Ѹʧɽһࡣ
ǲöԸ
аΪԪһǱѾȫעһϾ˼ɵԼǿͷһСҪ뿪Զô׵¡
¡
˼ʱͻȻһӰ¡һھԼԶĵط
Щħа˵ö֮ϷҪеЩħаһ򾡣
У𶯣һ˳ѪۣӺ׷
ߣЦԼԹ˲Ͼɱң
һɭɭϣոڵϵĺһģչնѸǰ˳ɱȥ
ʱѪͫǷŭⳡĿжӿʼھû˳سһ˲˵˲ˡԭΪֻһССȫ£û뵽ԷȻ֣λ֣û׸ɵԷ
ϣҺԣֻ·һ
Ѫͫɫնʩչ£ΪһģĲӰƮ첻˵ĳϺ˹ȥвҪɫĻӿ磬縲֮һ㣬˳˹ȥ

ͬʱҲע⵽˲ԶѪͫͺҲǵһνˣֻһжϳԷں֯ڵݲ͡
ֹˣԼеӡ󣬵ֻӥӿµʱǳǰָߡ
ҪǣʵǾֻ̫ҪһϾͻᱻ֡
ʯ䣬һͷӹԺһ̣⡣ûĬĬȴš
ԶѪͫעȫڶ˳ϣûע⵽ʯһ㵹ڵϣȫϢ塣ٶԽԽ죬ҲԽԽ˷ܣԸоĵ˵ĳѾҪ֧ŲסˡôһѾ˿ڣÿһɼǡ
ȥҪ˶ã˳ϱɡ
ۿ˳֧穣ܿҪѪͫĹ£ʱͻ𣬺䣬û˿ףһӴľӿȣ糱ˮһ㣬ײѪͫԺ֮С
ѪͫʵǿͻȻ֮ôһȫû˿ķͺôԺһ£ԺһƬհףһƬӲͣôһ¡ֶݵͣ͸޹ؽҪּҵսУȴġ
ۣ
˵ʱʱ죬ֻһдѪѪͫͣ͵ɲǣһݺݴţһָֻţЮɽһľһѪͫͷ­
ʧȥͷ­Ѫͫ£ֱͦͦ˵ϡ
⣬ô£
һƸɵ˾У˳ԼסˣĿ⾪ɲѸɨܣȻܾĵģʲôҲûУһоͺĻþһ㡣
ѵĿ𣿡
˳˾һƬ㱡Ȼûʱȥϸ룬ɽϵսǼҵʱһΣطȥ


1362 ֦ڣ
ȵ뿪Ŵ˶վĿƳһ뿪ķһݣѸٳɽ¶ȥ
ţ
ͻȻ֮䣬ĿƲѪͫͷʬ壬Ƥһ¡ǳɽ¶ȥǰ;֮һַۣ䵽Ѫͫߡһ죬Ѫͫؿ¶һصز߳˳
ǱزԭѪͫصĵطǼҵĴ򶷣һˤʹⱾزߴؿ¶һء
ͺ˶ν֣ȴûʲôЩ¸ɾÿִ񼸺ǸɸɾϲκζĶ¶һزߣԵüΪ⡣
չֻǿһۣڷϷ֡
նݣ
֣͵һ¡
Ȼ
ĵ⣬־ϲǸջЩˣأ书ȴǸߵû˵Ǿݱ֮𣬻Ħֻ֮½֮𣬶Ǽǿ
Щչ¶һּΪ书ǵ쵽£ˡ֮ԴԴγȲ׽ǵټˣʵͬ𣬿ҲС
Ҫǣ˵һֱǿЩʩչֶԽ¾󲿷ֵĹҲĲϵĲ䡣
߻ħ£ⱾѧҲܹԸѡ
һѸٵĽⱾնݡ˻С
ҹɫһƬңźڶ
ɽ£һ·ཻսĺ˺˵ӣźҹڻûоκˣһ·Ѹٵܵ˽ӽɽŵĵطƬ̣ͿԲκ˵ע⣬뿪
ণ
ھɽŻ׵ĵطʱͻȻ֮䣬һ঴Ӹ߿дݶޱȣҷǳͻأһ͵̧ͷֻ߿һ˶ĺӰ˫չǰԶ
һͷɫľӥ
ҹɫУǹ忴ڰУֻӥޱȣǳһ㣬ŷҫ۵ĹâֻӥĿ⸩·ʼɽΧƺѰʲô
ˣ
ɲǼ䣬һݣһǿҵļɵ
Ǻҵģ
ȫһֱܣ׹ɽΧûκսҲòһֻӥʣֻӥֹ˴ɽ뿪ġЩˣڼս֮УҲûǰһֻӥΧš
һָоˣرΪ׵ĶԪһսļңֻҪ¶ټͻԪһֱԼ

˼䣬ͻȻһӲԶŤͷʱֻһʯţɽϻȥƺǱɽϽֵ磬ȥণһХӿдֻӥ
ͬʱ䣬һɺɫҵĻɽϹʯǿʯըɷ顣
ˣ
Ŀһɨ˳ķֻһѸٵջƣƺҲһʯͷһݣܿ˻ԶĿ⾯ɽϡһĻжʱȥ
һĿ磬ѸٵɨܣһΣ۲쵽֮ǰûע⵽һЩϸڣ
ɽ£ɽŻʮ׵ĵطһ˴һ
ɽϵսңʼգǶûκڼս˼ɽΧĸطһֱĴܣκεķ紵ݶǵע⡣
Щ˹עģս޹أ
ϵӥеϵĺˡһɲǣг˶ķֱܵ˼㣬Ҫ벻κˣݵ뿪Զеôס
е鷳
尵üͷڵȻǿͻƣѸͻΧһɽԪһлɫ˵ĺ¶ע⵽ԼĺҲһ
Ҫ׵İǣûôס
취ˡ
尵ѸתͷȻ֯ǰ·ȦǶ壬Բû뿪İ취ֻǿ΢鷳һѡ
ͣ
Σ˼취ʱͻȻ֮侯ͻһϸţ΢ţͻȻ֮ˣһ̤һӰҲ룬бɲȥ

һöߴңϸţëϸȥȫûǰǿʯ֮СӲʯǸţëϸǰľ񶹸һ
ӣ׼ȥأ
ʱһϤͻȻԶưһۣҼϻǰ߰ߵѪĿ塣˫Ŀ⣬ɭľͺһ
ƹӣʲô
żưһɡ
ߣװˡӼĵһҾ͸ойŹ֡Ȼ֪ô£ʲôӣСɽϣ㰵Ұɣ
˵һ仰ưҧгݣ͸ŨŨɱ
һ˵ҹϮĪرǸݿ͡ĪһѺϮԼȻԼʧҪаѪݴ󷨣Ѿɽϡ
ӵɽ£ˣţưֲòɽϣ
Ȼư˼ǰ˸ôô㣬жģҲֻǸʲôӡˡ
ƻҸ֪˵ʲôҵʵ̫ˣ
忪ڵưңңš
ߣ֪֪ûйϵһΣ˭ҲȲ㣬ҵҪǰװã
ưĿɱ糱
飡
ưͻȻһ̤ɲǼȫ޷ԶһͷҲҵķĿУһɱ֮ǰǿĶϢڱ֮ǰͬϢ˵аУ廹ĵһǿҵѪζ
ǡ
΢ɲǼƺ뵽ʲô
ߣԴӼˣΪɵĵӣԪһϽʩչŹҲԹ˲Ͼҿ˭͵㣬ҲգٵҲգһɸʬɣ
һɲưϺɭɭĿ
䣡
Ҳһ̼ưϺڤڤйӰ仯һֺɫ̫ͻȻڼưɢһɰΧɳʯһɹΧżưת
ֻ꣬һ죬Զһĥ̴ʯͬΧľ鶼ڼưɢ£ض𣬾
ʲô
̲סƤһ£ưϢһϤĸоЩСȴСǿЩڴ컯Ĵ컯γֺɫ̫Ļ
ʲô
üǽѡ


1363 ˻ϴ
ưûеõʦ洫˺Ĵ컯Ǹģû뵽ưŵĻ쵰ȻһĲĹ
ǾˣŹҲ侪ˣҴĽǶȿѾ߱˴컯
ǰˣֶΣǰŪҾңȻƵЩ˵ϣ
ư˷ǿֲ纣һ㣬ϯȥ
һǣʱޱȡ
ưʵΣǱôһƣѾûа취ô򵥵ĺŪȥˡ
ڵѾȥˡ
һ֣֮ǰ˵ơ
ֻðͻΧˣ
аһʼ֣Ԫһͺͻע⵽ߵѡֻǿͻΧܲͻΧӶԶͿˡ
һӹɵǣضһӲ̣
ƻڸʲô
ۿͼư֮ϾһսͻȻһȻȴ΢΢Щ۵бɲﴫδ䣬һӰѸٳ˹˼ư֮䡣
壡
棬ѾֵļưһҲһȻĵܵ岻֪ʲôʱΧʱԼͼưִ֮С
쵰ˣ
ưŭһѾȥǿŤתȻ󳷡
ͬʱҲ˿˾롣
壬֪֪ڸʲô
ưջѡ
ȻԪһŮȻıܣ֮ϵưȻ޲ɵ壬Ҳûçײһֵĵز
ư⻰Ӧ㣡˵ϱҲˡ𣬾ȻҪ֣
ͨӣ߬ȭͷ鼤ѡԼ֣Ѿ˼ưĶ֡

ưаŭѣǿ׵ĽɱһԺԼɽ綼û׶֮ˡ
ư㵨ٴҲҺԪһȥԡ
ণ
ڼưڳʱͻȻԶһը죬һӰгǧɳˣһĨ㳯ڵɽͶ
һɲǣƺƣɳʯû˿һɲĸо˵ĸ֪Уǰ˵ǵӰ̺̺Ϣ·Ҫض˺Ѱ㡣
ʲôˣ
۱ǿ̧ͷһգҲȻ
ǵͻȻֵӰһǰ㣬ϱŷǿҵİ׹⣬ĸ֪У˸ĸоǳΣգϢ֮ǿȻ˵Ԫһ˷·ֻڲ֮䡣˵Ϣ֮й֮
¡
ֻһգۣǸӰӹգصɽͶˣɵ̳
һɽҡƺضҪˡ

ư֪һĻҲһŤͷ̧ͷɽķ򡣼ư˵ĸоһֱѱ̣һ̣ϾȻҲԳһŨŨļɵη壬ƺǳֵӰǳ¡
¡¡ֻһգۼ䣬ҡضǵͻȻֵӰɽϵĶ˼ҵսһ




̶ֻʱڣɽ˵ĵӾͻȻ䱬춯صĻ
ɱ
ͬһʱ䣬ǰضɽҡһ˵ĸֿⱼ
˵ĵڶԮʱϵˡ
壬ӣǡôߣﲻȫһȥɽѾˣ֣ⳡսӮˡ
ͬʱһϵбɲǴĿУŷϢңһط˹ߵǰ
λ˵ĳϣĿⶸһ͡
˵ԭϣ뿪ĻѾ׵ʧȥ뿪Ļᡣ
ǰ壬ֿһ󷽵ŷ㣬һ˿ӵɫ
߰ɣ
Ȼ߲ˣԶ뿪뷨壬ŷһɽȥ
һ࣬ưѲ֪ʲôʱʧˡ
ҲȫϢŷɽȥ
ϵɽʱԶԶɽĿ꣬ɽͷըûˣǼʯɽ͵ϿգԪһһδİں˼ҽս
֮ĻսΣյĵش˸ӰŤգı޺ۣȼյĻ档
˵Ĺ˼£رɫˣ·ҪƬռ˺һ㣬ÿһγֵʱǽͬʱŴתһҺɫʯӰžĵ
棬ԪһĹҲʩչ˼£ǹĳΧѿ߷һشֲҰ˺жҶͻ䣬гֵЩܿͱɫĦ֮մ
עģԪһԳֵɫ䣬ݸİӡ
ʳָϴһöεĽɫָԶԶȥʹӶɢһϢעģһµĹ
䣡
ԪһһûʹκεĵֻһȭޣȴһֱѵصһȭͿֵĶ˻ͱ˺ѿֳѺۣͺ˺ֽһ
Ƕʮ׸ߵĽɫ԰ͨͨһȭܵĽɫҲһ޿ɱľ˺ѳǧѷ죬Ȼɢ
ԪһƳָ죬ȻֵӸӵļɵһѷ죬ÿγԼʱ򣬶æˣһڵѷǳɵ
׼һѵĺۼҲкݺݵһѡ
˻ϴ
һһεĳ֣ϵıЩ˵ĹԺ͵һͷһ˲䣬жʱѱƽ
ʮ湦һŶǼѣ˵šԪһϼزﳤѾǳ⣬ֵģޱȵ˸ȻʩչҲʮ湦еľѧһ֮ųµһİ˻ϴ
ǹȻɹԼ֮ĲɱȴӵмµųƿԱѧӲĸŹǰֻҪһ㣬Ҳͬѡ
ԪһʵѾǿټλ߹ԺԵĸ˶ʱֳ֧ŵļơ
ɽ£˸Ϲ֧Ԯ˸ҲѾ뵽ս֮С


1364 ˳ˣ
ˣʱˣ
һı쳹գɽϵĽɫ´˳˵ȥ˱ĻҪѶԸĶ࣬ڵѾսʤˡ
ˣ
ɢɽµĺȳˣȻǰɽģ˷źҹӳҲʼܡ
ߣߣ
һ̹߱ǣ˵ĸԣҲҪ׷ȥ
Ȼһ̣һɫɢѸٳԪһλȥ
Сģ
һӺ洫ҲʱԳһɼɵɫЩһжҲ£¡һɰɫɽХһ㣬ڱŷ˲佫ЩӿİɫɢЪ׷ǰĶˣһѻĺ󱳡
ۣ
һޱȣѾ׼ɳܲסֲɲǼ߽⣬ˣ۵һѪ
Ӵ£ǰʧȥƣ˼ͷҲӿٶѸٵĶҹɫ֮У֮زز
ˣͤĪ׷
󣬿ӻ׷ȥԪһֹ
ôƬ̵ĵ飬ԶЩѾʧ
Ԫһ⵽ô£ôǿĶ֣ҹô죿
ȻѾߣлֻܷͤ׷ɱתͷԪһ
ЩҲûа취ش⣬ȾԱɣԺ˵
ԪһɫЩ԰ףȻⳡսҲˣܿӰл
ͣ
ĿɨΧָеֻһɲǼʮָƿնÿһָһ˵ڵϵ˵ڡ
֮ǰսڻ֮ܶǰԪһ̫ķѹսѾһжʱȫͬ

ֻһʹһԭڵһ˵΢΢ţӵ
ϵϢȻ΢ϵɫȴۿɼٶȺϵҲѸȬ

Ԫһ˷׷ȻԪһȴʾζ߲Ѹٳǰȥ䣬Ĵһޱߵ˹Юųӿ֮ԭڵϵĴƬ˵ӷ׷վϵҲ׷ϡ
һЩɢ˵ҲԪһĳڵĶһѹ
䣬һ£Ԫһĳ纣һɽб£˵ĵվ˵ɽ棬Ҳû
˶ںͺ˽ֵĹսģҲ൱һеɢΪ࣬ж̫ԪһĳҲûá
εɢϴβͬҪҵĶ࣡
峯ɽʱĿɨΧҲЩɢӵĲ״
سǵʱ򣬺Ҳùɢַĩɫζ̱ΪһξͲһˣҪҵĶࡣ
Һҹֻһ洵Ļʧ󡣡
а
ЩĵӾ󲿷ֶɽĶ棬֯Ǻ޷£ҩڿУڷʹж
ĿЩ˵Ƥָף촽ȫɷڣѾĲˣǵŤţȻǰ˼ʹࡣ
ԪһĳȻų׹ǣҲһΪ
һлָžֻҪܳʱ䡣

ս˾ݵʮ֮УˣͬҴĺˣȫۼһ𡣶ƽ˵ĶҲɢȥӴĻָԭĴС
ô£ôˣǶûһҵĿټ𣿡
԰ɫӹһµݹë˲亹꣬ϸȥͻֶᷢؿڲλһһĻɫʿͼڣżţĹâ
һսɫǳƣӶʮ׸ߵĻƽˣָͣĲ󣬵ȴһʹĥҼ˵ĻҪԶԸ
ûУһֱڵûκεķ֡
һ˷׷׵ͷ
仰ԭڲӵĶ춸һͣ͸һɱζ
飡
һɲǣո˵ļ˸ֻûӦϷݰ˳ȥһصڼǧϣ˺ϱɶһըɷ飬Ƕ˽ȥľм
һȺûõĶ
һһˣŭţջơһҹϮ˵ܿ䣬ԭΪʮþȣϵֽ󣬾ȻĿﶼֱ֪ǳ衣
ˣһֱɽ¡ĸû뿪Ҳ֪ô£ӥӦǲʧܵġ
һ˵ͷ࿵

ƵĶĿһֻǶһۣһɾһ̺߶ʱͣ˫ֶڵϣ۾Ҫ͹ˡͣһɺѪȻ۾͡׺ͱųһ˾͵ڵһκεϢ
ֱʱ˲ſ΢Щĺһͷﻹ˵ʲô
ˣʧܣɱҲûáܽǵİɱɾòԳĿûôöԸ
ʱһֱûôڵĵ˵ˣ
֮˼ô
˵ţܿ콫ĿתЩͨĺˣ
Ƕȥɣǻٻǵġ
ǣˣ
һȺĻ֣̿ɢȥ
ɢȥתͷ
ˣô
ȵûˣڶ˺͵Ϊ׵Ķˡ˻ûӦֻΪıǡƽʿ˹ı֣ȴ֪״ʱȴЩ
ҵ͹ˣ벻ɽУܽŹֵز
Ϊ׵Ķûֱӻش𣬶Ŀһת֮ǰսɽͷģһƺɫѪ촽ʳ
һĻ˶ȻǶ֪ʵһսɫˣٱǵ˭Ҳû뵽Ǹ֮սȻˡ
Ȼûǿ󣬵ԺǿȴԶ񣬾һҲ޷֮ȡҲţĴˣ
Ϊ׵Ķ˵
ǵ̫ˣһȺϣȻҺԣֱ죬޿뷡Ҹᣬ˳׵𣡡
ڶ˵Գһɭɭĺ
ڻǿʱ򣡡
Ϊ׵Ķ˰˰֣ԥķˣ
ǱߣܿҪˣǲ֮ǰҵĿ꣬񣬺Ƕ֪
ˣ
١˶ɫ԰ޱȣ͸¶һϢǿҿ־塣
ˣڡ
ĭû֮ǰ
ģɽϾҪˡʱٶԸǣҲһ٣û⣬ʱǵġĿꡯҲһ
һ˵ţһķĿ䣬¶һ˿ɭȻЦݣЦζ


1365 ݻɣ
Ҳ̸ǱߵĶʱ˿̣˵ʱݵϣƮ̫ɺ׵ͼĿѡ˶ææµµսƺ
ɽԪһİɫѾը÷飬һµܿɽ´ãʱ˿̣ӪԪһлͤڽ̸š
ڿԺ˵һеô£һҼʱϵһи֣¾Ҫȫûˡɽʲôʱôĸˣ
лͤһ
ӪһƬأԪһû˵ɫҲ̫ÿһսʹ˳ȻһֵӣȻ߰һսС
˵ʧЩأгϻսСս˶ûйôʧ
׼ȷ˵ɽУûǸ޼ɵķˡ
ⲻɽе
ԪһͻȻڵ
Щ˵кһɻ󣬶ʼգǶû˵ǵȻˣҲѾ֪ôˡû⣬Щ˲ǳġ
Ŷ
лͤüͷһһ¶ɫ
Ԫһû˵Ŀ䣬ɽ͵һط
һ࣬ϥڵϢͻȻ֮·ܵʲô͵һ¡
ӣ룡
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һͻȻڶ𡣲֪ʲôʱһ˵ĵӣ첽ߵͣ
Ŷ
üͷһһЩ뷨ܿ
õģھ͹ȥ
嵽ɽʱֻɽѾۼ˴Ӱ˾Ԫסŷ˵ĳϣи֣ưڣȫΧԪһ˸ΧһȺ̸ʲô
ôһɲǣɽһƬž
忴ɽ̣пһ͵һ£ʲôҲû˵ɫݵ˹ȥ
ݼ
߹ȥĲĵطҾһ
ţ
壬Ԫһ˵ͷ
ˣܵϮ飬ʧܴҲУԱҲһܲʲô˵ջ񡣡
ǣ
Ŀһ£ûж˵Ҿһ֮󣬾Ավ
ּܿ
ѹЩûκα־ݵĶ
ߵץڣǺһǶʿǻûϼ仰Ǿҧ˳ݼĶңжˡ
ʧ̫ˣ˵ȴȫҲЩ˵κôܰ
ǰǸһľôҲˣһȭȻ԰ǵʯͷﻹ书ķ룡ҿʲô࣬ħʩչĶ
һҹ˴̫𺳣һΣ˸ܵԭǿһ˵ء
ڲǿЩʲôݵʱֻһ⣬ЩΪʲôǣ
ʱһִɤ˵ĳ˾ԪͻȻˡ׳˶üһŭⳡսĪ׵ô¡˾ԪԼΪʲôǴ
ЩˣĪȥҲĪﻹôˣⳡսֱǺͿ
ǰǵʲôûͷûβģȫͷԡ
˾Ԫһ˵Ҳ׷׸κжĿĵģжûһ˿óЩʲô
ΪƣǾӦ׵ĳ͢
Ϊݵڸûʲô
ɱ֮ǰûкЩչ棬һսˣ˫˲أȴ֪ԷĿģ¿ûĺͿˡ
ٺٺ٣
ʱͻȻһĹЦԵô̶ޱȣ
ǲ֪ô£ȴ֪ô£
Цͻ˲˵ע⡣
ưں˵ʲô뵽ʲô͸Ͻ˵ҪصĹŪ飡
Զһ˵ĳ̲ס
һԵҲɵüͷʲôҲû˵ưȴδļͷԹԵЦţ
ٺ٣ȲΪƣֲΪ˱ǳɱûɫɽ٣ǰǵΪʲôأ벻ףԭܼ򵥣ΪЩ˸Ͳǳģ˻ˮЩͷϣ
ڹݺǣ

ʼһĳϺ͸֣ŭżưư仰ǼȺһƬȻ
һԣû˵ֻǿżưһѾµưҪ˵ʲôˡ
ƻ㲻ҪΣ˭ݺǣ˭ݺǡǲܴ̼ˣ˵
һ˳߳
ưаа۵ͽȻа￴˳۵ȴǴѴѡ
ǰƻ˵ʲôأ£˭ôĵӣݺˣ
ǲżưδ̫˼ˡ
ߣ
ưû˵ֻ¶һ˿Цݡ
˵
ʱ˾Ԫ˵ˡ
ս˾Ԫ˷ᣬף񹦣˵ˡκε˵
ھֻ֪ൽʲô
˾Ԫ׵ԮΧʱࡣ
ٺ٣Ҳ룬˳ôãʲôʱĶ֡˵ˣپһ㣬λɽеޣʲôʱּĶ֡
书ʽĿͳͳ֪ǵҲһˣΪʲô֮ǰû£ȴƫƫʱ򡣡
Ǿû֣һжһˣ֮𣿡
ưһЦſڵһ˵һƳһȺ󷽵塣
նٱ䣬ȺһƬȻưĻȺ׷忴ȥһ˫˫Ŀ⾪ɲ
ưѪˣӣΪҲ֪ʲô𣿡
ûȵ˿ڣȻ˳ŭɶ
Ӿˣ
һԣҲ˳
ú˵
ʱһϵһֱûô˵ԪһҲˣ
˵ϱ֮ǰǣôܻẦǡ
Ԫһɫƽȴһ˲ɵζ
Ԫһ棬Ȼʱһϲһ
º˵ʵ̫ˣҲǺԩ
ԪһڣưһɫҾһ
˵ԭģֵʱɣ˹֮ŷģҾͲ˵ˡ
Ӿγ䣬е书ָƣһʱƾһ죬ָ˵ĵӣһͻɱ˺ڽ޳档
ǽϣôˣʲôʱ򿴵λӳָ֣ĸֶԸЩˣӣȻʱѵ𣿡
ưЦ


1366 ʯҽţ
ˣ
ԭ˻üưں˵˵ڼӺȻ׽ݺⷬϸ룬ӿʼ˾ȻĲ֪λƾһ
һ̣ԭᶨŷ㣬ҲɵʶƳһۡ
û˵ɫƽûпڣҲûзֻǵżư˵ꡣ
ֹˣӲҲͰˣ֪սҵʱҵɽţɽҵġʱλ׼͵͵뿪֮زز
ưһǼ
䣡
仰һƬȻֻԪһԱߵлͤһ޶ԡ
ôܣ
Χ˽һ˫˫֮ǰȻͬ
ߣֻˣûעЩ֮ĿȷֱɽͷֻƺûҵĿ꣬ſʼǽսʲôֵѰģ˵𣿡
˵󣬼ưɭȻһЦݺݵĶ壬ⲻԶ

ҹ紵һʱ䣬ΧһƬţšһ˫˫Ŀⶼ廯ġӡнţնȻޱȡ
ʱΨһ򶨵ĻˣһԪһһǸлͥһĿעе塣
˵𣿡
帺˫֣ǰ˼ֻĸ֣˵ע⡣ɫǱ˵ڶֻӣҲû˿η塣ɽ£ԪһʱоѾЩ²⡣
޺磬ǼưԪһԱλ˵ĸȫƲ硣ǰôԼ鷳ߣȫʢʱڵʦа˶ƣǸ֪֮
⼸˱ͶԼɣַ飬¸㵽ԼͷˡֻԼһش𲻺ãգΧе˸ֶԼ֡ԪһվԼߣԼ˵
Կ϶ֻҪԼԲλ־Աκ˶Ҫݣ죡
ƻҵĳɼѾﵽ޷͵ĵزˣƾ䲶׽Ӱء伫
Ƴһۼưпһһֲõĸо
ߣҵҪҪôƱ磡
ưЦһ
ҽ˵ĵһ죬ƻҶιͼҪҶ֣ιֹˣȻֻǲӡڣܵϮæڿսʱ򣬼ƻȥ취ԸЩˣȥֹǣȴһ˼ܵɽȥңడ
˵ţɨһ۶ļưЦЦ
⣡
Ļưжһɫʱò԰˲١
Χ˵ĳϺ͵Ҳʱ΢һս˲أ߰Ӿʹ˳ߣưΪҪʱ򲻼ӰȴȥѰһӣô˵ȥ
㲻Ҫ˵˵ɽϵǵˣҵʱҲǸȥ֧Ԯ
ư
Χ˱΢ʱ˵棬ưȷʵӣһȷɣʱĽԵò԰ûʲôš
ǣ벻ҾͲ˵ˣﶼ

㲻ҪƱ磬ҹϮʱһζû¶棬˵ϴһָ˵ĵӶԸˡз˶ںЩɱȴڴܣɽܣ˵Щ˲ǳģ˭Щĳ֤ɣ
ưͱˣûзŹ˼
ǺǣҲ˵ĳڡ
ԲЦ
һҸ˵ĵӣҲû˵Ҫһֱµģ仰˵ұûˣ
Цһ仰˵˱βѡȻ仰˵ҲûͲ˵ĵӣԸԸȫԼԸ˸ûʸҪôҴڵ컹ǶԸͺڽ޳ȴڰٰҲѹֶԷ
ӣʵû˼
һ˵ĳϵε˼㡣
˵ףΪʲôɽţΪ˶ưƻ𣿡
˵ţĵ˼ưһۡ

ĻȺһƬȻ
Сӣں˵ʲô
ưɫĻȫһɺԡ
ߣӿʼڣƻһֱҵⳡսôңƻȥԸЩˣȴһ·Ըңɽ׷ɽţɽŶҴɱ֡ƻΪ֪һѾ˿


廰䣬̲סȺ˳鼤ޱȣ
һֹˣΪ˶Ըӣưʹֹ
һԽԼĶ˵˳
䣡
ĻΧеĳϺͻʱһƬȻһֱĮޱ飬Թ۵˸лͤҲ΢΢һüͷ
аһɽаķľѧΪɣͲʹаѧһѾͼư˵ܶˣ֪һȴΥֹˣӡжưΪһ˽׷ɱɽŲ˵Ȼһҡоݡ
һɲǼ䣬˫Ŀ׷˼ưǱġ
쵰ǲҪ˵˵ȫڽƱ磡
ưɫ԰ף־ŭⷴתʵ̫졣
ư㻹Ҫ˵ѣѵҲ˵𣿡
ȻʱҲ̲סˣżưɫޱȣŭѡ֪ưЩû뵽Ȼôɡ
ƻ̫ʧˡӶԮ֮ôַʽԴ
ϲιҲֱֶΰɣ
ҶڶԸЩˣ㲻ҲͰˣﶷԸԼˣֱĳ裡
ƻô˵أ
һ˵ĳϿżư̾Ϣѡ˸Ȼû˵ֹѾ˵һС
Ȼ˵һðӲ书ʵ
ư־ŭⳡҴжû뵽ȴԼлᡣưڶֱ޵Ҫôڣһȥһ
ˣ
ʱһȣԪһͻȻˣбζʹΧһ侲

ɫԪһ˷׷׹ĬȥԪһѣһڣû˸ҷ
鱾зưҲǸ˵ȻˣԺаĹرʹ𣿡


1367 ԪһĻɣ
Ԫһ˵ţŤͷƳ˼ưһۣôһۣüưһ飬һæͷ԰ɫ
ˡ
Ժ鲻ᣡǵѣҲϣ鷢𣿡
Ԫһ
ף
ưһæͷ
һս˲٣ӿҲˣĳ˫ӿһ¡
ɳʱͻȻһһֱվԱߣȫһﲻĸлͤͻȻˡⷬĺףưѾ׼ת뿪仰󣬶ͣ·ʶʲô
˳Ϻ͸Ҳһ·뵽ʲô
ȻɫһףԵĸо
лˡµƲ£ովսأС˾Ͳˡ
幪һ񣬲
ǺǣӲǫ飬ˣķٶҲӦõģ֣˵ǲǣ
лͤɫĮȻһ˵ţһתͷһԱߵԪһһۡ
л˵ĲЩ޹ؽҪӾͲƴˡ
Ԫһ
һһͣԶưΪԼˣⷬɲǼƺ뵽ʲô¶һ˿Цݡ
ɫ䣬ⳡۻᣬҪԸǼưʵǡǡһֱڰ˵Ԫһ
еһе󣬶Ϊлͤ˵Ǿ仰Ȼ˵̽Լ
գ
һĽŲУ˵ĿУԪһޱ飬һɷ˵ĳ˹ȥһɲǣŷ˶һЩһȺǲһԪһֿһӣ˭Ҳ˵ʲôһ飬˸ҷԡ
˿ȻưǷûзӳЧ
գ
Ԫһһ̤ξˡԪһ˫ĮȻͷƤըӳ
棡¼нӴΣգ֧񡮴ɹʧܣ
棡񼴽ʧܣ
ͬһʱ䣬Ժ֮ʯ٣͸¶ŨŨΣ
ԪһʵͬСɣƾһزﳤʵֱ׷ʦаˣʱʵδڵҵĴ컯Ȼ弫ԪһʵֻҪ̧һٽ˵壬һ飬ܹڵһ
һ컯¶ҲȻң֪
Ԫһټ֮ǰɽ°߰ϣΪľǷֹʱ뿪ֺлͤͬʱɽ֣˶Ƕ֣˵˵ˣӿҲӲˡ
ž
һ޳ָͷͬһʱ䣬һɰ۵Ԫһָ⡣
䣡
ֻգۼ䣬û巴ӦһɰԪһָָڣ߾Ծ˵ٶ͵ȥ
ԪһĳսʱͣʵʰԵޱȣֻ˲Ϣ䣬ͺ
ڵ㣬ѸٵӳԺС
һɲǣʱ䶼·Żʮ磬˴磬磬硭̶ֻʱڣԪһڵľ󲿷֣뵤Ҳֻ磬ֻҪ뵤ԪһܴһŵĴ컯
ʱе¶ɡԪһа֮ĹϵֻҪڵĴ컯֪
棡
棡
ͬһʱ䣬ͷƤըеĽŸǿҵ˼㣬֮ʯǲͣԺл졣ողžһսһԵ
ֻҪһӣݾͻᱩ¶Ԫһлͤ˵ֹֻ·һ
ˣ
׼ƣԪһлͤսʱͻȻһ벻Ժ
棬ڶǱĬϴ˴ΣɱͷΪ˵ƿߣӵһλⱾĻᣬǷ񡭡
ʯ䣬׼ֵɲǣͻȻһԺֻһأ֮ʯ֮ǰȻͬ
ͬ⣡
ûʱȥ˼ô£ԥѡͬ⡣
һ̣˼鷢ˡ
ڤڤУһɲ˼ͻȻƾ嵤ڸ֣Ѹţסд컯Ҽѹһǡ
һ仯ٶȼ죬û巴ӦˣԪһٶ֮ȣʱԵޱȡ
ҸӲ˼ǣӴͬ污ֽͬʱûκεԣͺ͸ˮɫĿһ
һвģԼֲⷬ仯
䣡
ͬʱһԪһǶصĳϺˮ㣬ѸٳĵУԼٶȽΧһ顣
Ԫһͨļһ£ĳһ㣬嵤ڵÿһ䶼Ѳһ顣
һ̣Ԫһ΢΢üͷȻһкȫͬ
ôӵҪ𣿡
ͻȻһԱߴлͤʱ򿪿˵ˡ
ǺǣӵȷʵǺء˵ľݵˣⱾǵʧְ
Ԫһڵÿࡣһ˵ţһߣѸα֫ٺڴСС߻ħܵľȫһ顣ֻƬ̣ڵ޲
˵ھ⣬һȻˣֻǿϧ˹ӵ츳
Ԫһ˵ţܿƣͬһʱ䣬ǰҲһڡ֪ǲǴһμϣԪһȻࡣ
һĻ˳һΧԭҲ˲١ֻһɣȫţ
⣬ⲻܣ
ʱ𾪵ķǼưˡôԪһѲһȻ޷֡
ԪһһΪɲ⣬رһΣԼҲ˻ɣ£ƫ̻塣
⵽ô£ѵĴˡ
ưһӴסˣһ仰˵ԸһԭΪȻǸԭһʼ͸о⡣һӣưȴһ仰˵ˡ
̫ˣ
ȻҲоˣϲޱȡ
лˡȻ¸оں˺ܶࡣ
ʱҲһƽʩ
ı򶨣ȴ亹Ҫһʵ̫ΣˣֻһҪ¶ˣȻͻһĴս
ԪһѲһȦȻһһʼûϵҲаһΣ


1368 ɽ
һ£
ʱһưʣƺ˵ʲôǻûѣһ̡

һȣ̳ҹɫдתͷȥֻҹɫУڵķ
ɳȥ̽ӡ
Զһۼ⣬һ˳
ôһưʱҲ˵ȥˡ
λִɽټۼŴֻ֣죬ɽͻʽ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Ǽ˵ĵɽűɽ壬Ԫһлͤǰϥ¡
ˣ
һ˲䣬˵עȫ˹ȥжǿһǼ˵ӡ
ɽʦʹ峤һ˵Ѿȥˡ
а
յʱ˵˴ɽ֣ǵڣ嶼֪⵽ôһ¡
˶ɢȥɣ׼һ¡Ϣϣǰɽ컯ȱԽԽԽп߻ħаķγһǳŴɹȥģֻҪǳڴɽţһܴͬߵĵһͬ򾡡
ԪһͻȻڵһ˫Ȼ۵ĺ⡣
˵Ĳаķɱ¾̫ɹУϴδܾȫΣһҪħͷɱ󻼡
ʱ˸лͤͻȻǰڵ
ǣ
һʱ䣬˺ȻӦǣ׷׵ͷ

ɽ˺ܿȥͼưҲ׷뿪ˣֻʣԪһлͤλ˵ľͷ
ôô£ѵ𣿡
ûڣлͤŤͷͻȻڵ
Ҳ˵
Ԫһüͷƺʲô֮С
Ҳ´˰ɡ
ⷬлͤü΢ɲһ¡ⷬΪ⣬Ԫһʶô꣬Ԫһֱһ׼дȻǸӡ⣬ôԲд
һΣԪһȻ˵Լ»ǵһη
ô£ѵĲ
лͤɻѡлͤҲ˵ĻѾֱӳ̽ڣԪһΪ⣬ܲ鲻
ʲô鶼иһһΣԪһŪˡ
лͤԭüͷչ

ҹžɽ͵Ķ棬΢ڣһһʯ

ע⣬ʱڳһ
һξޱȣǵվǽˡ
˵ƿߵô£
ʱ侲뵽˸ոշ顣
ǰûзҴӸոշ֮ʯƺŵһ
˹֮սܴʳ۹նɱ֮ʯƺŵĽ֪ƺʲôãֱɽǾյһ̡
һ̣һͨԺе֮ʯԱߣ巢һµĶһֻصĽɫת֣һֻǿĽɫƣ͸ת֣м϶ȥֻɫϣȻдż֣
˵ƿߣ
һɹɵĽƺתޱȡ
ʱһͷͨ³ֵƺת֣һ̣һµϢԺУ
˵ƿߣ»뱾йصĹвÿֻʹһΣҪ´һ㡣
忴Ժ͸Ϣסˡ֮ʯڣҲû͸еܣ֪Խ࣬Խˡ
ھҲ֪֮ʯʲô
֮ǰҲù֮ʯĳƺţȫʲôáδսʤΪ˵ƿߣһλ籾Դһλᣬ֪һĻʲôı仯
˺ܾãַͨȥ̽ϣзָܣ޼գֻա
Ժ˵֮ҵʦ
а
ʦʧɢҲһʱˣߵõϢʦԪһ֮䣬֮ǰӦý֣Ҳ֪ôˡϴ峤ǻصʯ֮УԼڣҲż
һǰɽǸѵĻᣬһʦǡ
а̽ӻرϢɽ飬Ѿ˾֪ˣô飬ʦǱûɲ֪һΣԼϴ峤ǻϵʱ
رһΣưԪһԼѣһɺзȫˡ
ͷܿƽ

ף֪ҹܿȥŵһУһ˵ĵӺܿɽվ˸ɫޱȡһĵϢЩ˵ָΧԽԽĵҲվ
׼Ŀɽ
ͻȻһ߿ɽ𡣺ܿ죬һʯͶУһ
һ̣԰ټƵ˵籼һ㣬ѸٳɽкȥһΣĿֱָɽ
˹ȻһܺϮôˣȫˣͺʲôûзһɽ˵ɱʵ̫̫࣬˶̫Ĳˡ
ип
ӣǳɣ
ʱһӶߴ֪ʲôʱȻܴӺ˹󣬿ڵ
š
˵ͷܿ뵽˵ĴУŴ˵дɽֵĵطȥ
ʱ仺ȥһ·ȥΧ˼ͺֻʣһ֧
ѾõϢɽˡ
ȺУһ·ûгʲôͻ¹ʣ˵ӺƺƵĿĵضȥ
ˣ
ԼʮͻȻһڵԶ

ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һ˵ǰɱ
ǰǴɽˣ
֪ˣܼأһϢ
룬Ԫһ΢΢˵ͷ
ǣ
һ£˵ٴηɱȥ
Ҫˣ
಻Զĵط̽ӻرжʱһ˿ڴ
ɹѾʧʱ䣬صĴɽȻ֪ʲôһʹɹǧ˿Ƶϵ
˾ľһζܿ죬ڿǰĿĵء
ټһƬϣ飬ɽ˺֪Ÿ˾ۼ۷׷ף˶һطĬĬȴʲô˳ǵĿ⣬ȥֻһƬѤõĹâŤƬâ֮УӰӰ´£ֳɽ
ɽɽʯᾣ絶罣ޱȡ
¶İɽ·ɽ壬ضΰ
ʶ㣬еһɽ壬Ҳһ¡


1369 Ƽ
ǲ˼飬⵽ô£
аԶһĻֵҲжʱˣûܹΪʲô
ȫǰ
ʱһϵӶ𡣶Ԫһе˵ȫǰ
˵ǰͻɽ侪ˡ

ˣˣ
ߣ˵ˣ
ӭչᦣкĶ飬ǰϷ׷׸ֳηɫѸٳܿ
ɽУǵ֮ĵһִɽ֮ţԪһлͤ׹ɽ缸˲֪˲λ٣ĸ档
˵Ķͬͦһ㣬ȺԶȥ㹻Ŀռ䡣
ô죿
˾ԪסŷѸٻ㼯Ԫһԣʾ
˲̽Ҫ⣡
Ԫһ
Щ˶ڵȴɽĳ֣׼ɹҪ𣿡
һʵ
ۼ̫ˣкܴӰ죬һ磬ֱӾͿԷƬˡ

ԪһɫĮȻƲκεı飺
ɹôûг֣ʱȴͻȻһɽ̫ͻأˣֻûеô򵥡
ԪһһƵᣬ˫ȴޱȣ·͸һеܡ
Ϊ˵ԪһӲκˣҲϵڱ顣³Ԫһ˵κκô̫̫׵飬ô򵥡
ǣ
˾Ԫ׵Ӧ
⣬ע̽ΧɽڴˣаķضҲѾڴˣϸѰҵټɱۡ
˵ԪһĿһ͸ŨŨɱ
Χ˸ַ׷¡һԪһһͬѰʦа˵ټ
̫ˣҪҵʦס
а
Ԫһ岢̫ģȻλĳƴޱȣǵʦڵʱԪһҲһκβҪȻҲһưˡ
ʱ꣬ڵʦػ۷壬ԪһҲһκε
ʱ仺ȥӻһȺ֮Ⱥʮಽڶû˸ҿ
弫ĿͼȺҵʦټǲ廹˶ûκεջ
ܵģһôʦܲҲΪԪһлͤھȡƻ
˼Ƭ̣Ŀйâһܿ⡣
ˣ
һ̣йâһѸٽ뵽֮Դ磬ǰеľȫȥȡ֮һ½룬ޱȵ硣ɫǳͬһϷÿһ߾һ貵Դ͹Դ֮ԴԵùס
˵͸ǶȥѰʦʵķʽҲܵӾơҪǣʦϢǳϤԶֻҪһܱ
һ̣üͷʱ
ûģѵʦ
֮ԴɨһȦȻȫûзʦӰ

ʱһӶߴѸע⣬ŤͷѭȥֻȺУһӰͻȻεضͬһ㣬ŰбĪϼԼ¶ɽӰݶȥ

Ⱥ󾪺˶֪ڴɹĴ˵󲿷ֶأҲ˵֮ΪرͼչĳɱѰĹУͲ֪жЩټٵĲر֮أȥ֮Ҳûл֮иɽ壬ϼ飬һأʲô
һˣ
ϣһӰһĻо嶼¶˹עɫȺУԪһлͤ˾Ԫ׺ŷҲʶ̧ͷ
Уɢ߾еɽϼԽԽʮɣɣɣɡĸɵˣʱס˺ʱ·ֹһ̣ˣ˵ٶԽԽԽԽ󣬾Ȼֱȥ
壡
һĻȺȻЦһĿǼ
ʲôˣʵҲŪ
ǸϽؼҰɣ
һȺ˹Цеڿ
ӸոһĻֵɢʵãŻֽô˿ţɽһ˶ˣĶֳЦ󷽡
ÿ
ЦУһ𣬳Űеϼɽȥ
һΣԱ֮ǰøߣٶҲ죬һ̣ڴʱͬٴηеɽ廹ɵʱߵٶҲԽԽֱӴӰһ

ȺĴЦˣоۼ߶ڳЦˡֻ΢΢üͷоЩԡ
ԽԽ𣬴ӸеĴɽһô߾ȻʼջûһܹɹеĴɽЦԽԽ󣬶ڳЦЩʵãȴôǰŪ
ģʮɽԸַʽԽӽߺȴȫʧܸ֮ڽеЩԾ
Ҫȥԣ
ʱһеһ֣Ԫһ
ˣ
Ԫһ˫֣͸һɶĹâ
һǿĽƣЩ˲ǹڽƵĿ޷
ž
һը˭Ҳûע⵽Ԫһôֵġһ̣һƾʯָƿնŰеĴɽȥ
¡¡һʯǧˣһΣ˿ھдɽһɶʱԪһָڰһͺֹһ
Щָǰ˲𵴿һЩʼʱ򻹲ԣֻ΢΢ϸһ㣬ǵ˺˲Ϣ仯ΪһƬ级ˡ
һĥ£Ԫһָ˲䱻Ρ
һֱһ̣Ԫһָûͻһɵľ롣
ৣ
ָʣһʱеʱȫմ
һĻȺһƬȻ˵˸֣¶𾪵ɫ
Ԫһʵ֮ߣ¹ϣǵ֮һָ֣֪ԪһʵȻҲǵơ
̫޼ԪɹһѧĴǴɾأ˵Ǵսʱڵǿߣ书ǿǵʱϵʦǹɿֹ˿ҽڶεһȲõ󷨡
Ȼѧʢ󷨷ȴû䣬ǿʧǰеϼɽ壬û⣬Ǵɾ겼µһǿ󷨡Ƕ֪в
Ԫһ


1370 а
ԪһĻ˶һݡ
֮ʵʵõȻ֮ߵȻͬû׼£óóȻ֣ܷܿ亦
ԶԪһ˸ֵĶԻУ΢΢˵ͷ
Ԫһжϼһģһȷʵһּǿĸ֪Уƺǵô򵥡ԪһֵɲǣоĶ
¡
˼ʱͻͻȻ֮𶯣һɹǿϢԶ
ˣˣ
һ󾪻ŵĴԶǧĵطһվڸߴźֻǿһۣʧ߰㡣

ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һɢ⣬𾯽˵ɶԪһлͤǰϥ£
߰ĵط˵ˣĴ£ڵķڶ࣬ƣӦˣ
໣
˵ӵϥڵϻ˵һ̣һֽǺԶ
һֻ޴İɫᦴӵƽ𣬳˵ҰСǸͬͷԶԶأ͸һ˵ĺڰа
ˣ
ᦣȺһըһӰɫҰף֣̿׷Ыȥ
˿ɱ˲գۣСģ
ģЩħͷôˣ
˵ˣǾǵ˰˱ѪùɹӲҪˣ
һ£亹ֱһЩɢֱתͷȥæ
˵ɽ죬˸棬ÿ˶ηޱȣôɽĺ޶ˣ˾ǷĿ־ˡָоһ㡣
˵λ棬ÿһʵǿ壬ŭǣֻ·һ
һ˲䣬һƬҡ
˵ٶȼ죬ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ѾԽؿռ䣬˾벻Զĵطó˵ķ

һĩ˵˵ӣЩˮ˸֣׷ȥ
ԪһϷһһƽսһ
ͻȻ֮䣬һؼ졣δ䣬䣬һ̹һԽգǸƮᦵȥ
㻹һ㶼û䰡
Ԫһָһһָƿն淢ǵɫ¡¡ըѸڿΡ
ԪһĲС
һЦһ޴ĺӰаȻεضڰձһƺڰգ·ȥֻһƲǳ˵ᦣµԪһ
ٶ࣬ҪԸҲǴ´ࡣ
Ԫһؼ졣δ䣬İεض糱ˮĳӿƵŶȥ
䣡
̶ʱڣ˻ʮƣԪһ棬˶ǵɽĶ뢣һۻ
ʱ䣬ԪһΪģһǿҵķ籩ϯܣ·𻯳˳صľ˰㣬ʹĴ򣬷䣬𶯣е£ڵϣըʯм

Χ󾪺׷׳ȥЫԪһʵ˽ֵ·һ
ߣԪһϷ㣡
ʱһЦ͸һ˵а
δ䣬ˣû˿ףԲﷶΧڣһϸСĻҳţͻȻεضƬ˲仯Ϊĺ󡣶ͬʱһ󾪺һߣ˵ĸڣ׷ɫһ䣬һоڵͻȻ˲١
ǿ
Ҳһ̧ͷǸķ
ĸӦУԲʮڣһӴͻȻӵصױƬա֮ǵϢûоκεյԼؼ룬аڵϢܶࡣ
κߣаһܵӰ죬ڵжỺܶ࣬嶼ܵӰ졣ֻ΢΢һڵ㼯ŵ׵ӿȪѨصס
棡
һ󾪺쳹գ¶־壬׷ȥֵʱҪη塣
¡¡һ̣û˷Ӧ̹֮Ǻ˵ӵĺ󷽣һӰ۴䣬εض𣬳ŰеԪһȥ
ণ
ֻһХһģɲǼ䣬Ϲĺٴ뺣㣬ӿڰ֮оŤ仯ΪĹ䡢ãйһĺšһƣ·Ͻһ㣬ŰеԪһȥ
һɲؼ֮ǧٱֹܵĳ̶ȼֱϢҪǣÿһ˶ܸозһӴͺħ㣬ֻЩĲǹߵꡣ
ݴǹҿˣ
ȺУһɢе漴תܡ
Ϳ־ǻᴫȾģһɲǣܵȺӵţް㱼ܡһЩֱܲӴӶԷͷԾȥ
飡
Χһߣ˵ĵڣ׷ܲľ׮ֱͦͦԵڵءϵѪѸٿήǰ˫۴ƺ˼ȵĿ־塣
棬㣡
һ쳹գδ䣬ֻһӰεض
лͤһһӴݴǹײһ
ֻ꣬һؿѰ汬ǹޱ޼ʵϢ׵˺ѣֳѷ졣Щ䡢Ҳ˲䱻˺ѿ
䣬Ԫһ棬лͤ棬˫мҵսһ
һ̣âһըԪһһ˿ͬһʱ䣬ҳһ߸ߵǸڵϡ
ֱʱ˲ſĳࡣλպյ׺һֻӥǣڵƤֻƷ·צ㣬΢΢ţӡ̵ģһ˫ںᣬ
һ࣬лͤһչһƬҶ㣬Ʈصɲǣ㳾
ңţһƬ̡
ٺٺ٣Ԫһ˶˵һ˫м²֪ɣ
ʱƳţͻȻ˵ˡ
ǰͻȻһЦ漴Ծ𣬻ڰһǿҵĺɫײ°㳯Ԫһȥ
ǭ¿


1371 ӣ
ԪһɫĮȻû˿ԥָһָ
ѾǵһνˣƾʵսʤǶһ١һ̣Ԫһʱ΢΢ɫ
ͣ˼ֵɲǣû˿ףһаʯʵʣͻȻһһֱվȺĬĬսһԲȥ
ĹֲһҲҪĳ黨࣬ԹԪһΪڻʵʵĿȴһԵ壬˶û뵽ġ
ݵλȻɳ͵ϮǺܶǿߴŵ顣
䣡
һ䵽ϣһıըһʱĵ󳷣ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣܹһ
ЩϺ꣬Ȼһţ
һã΢΢۾Ŷ棬һͷ
һδɽ֮УΣأаֳۣϣ˭Ҵ⡣ȻڹսҲʱʱ̿ע˵Ķͼùˣȴ֮Դ״̬ۿĴս塣
Сӣ㻹㶼ܻ
ۼͼ¶ֱɹ̲סɫŤ߳ŭ
󣬶ǰѧղô˵棬ǰֺαĹηǣ
ڣȻЦһĻڳжǾ첻ѡ
ɽɱ˲գ۵ĴħͷɽûвµģΪ˵ͷ֮һָӵɴаߣݵλܹעһϢǿС䣬Ѿ൱˳Ծˡ
οСȻҷ༥ô˵涥ײ棬ѵСӲ֪ŭ棬۶ֻ·һ
СӣѰ·
һϯ̼Ƥͨ죬ɫѿѡĿһСӶײҵסһ˵ľݵкһ񣬵ڶ⵱аߵ棬澡ʧֻƾ㣬Ѿеıɱ
ȻȲԪһлͤˣѾ㹻ʹһа취ˡ
л˵һӣٺ٣Ҳһӣ
ʱһҳվ˸߸ߵϣһź룬һڣ͸󼥷֮ɫ
ߣӣɣ
ʱҲЦһź֡

Χ߻ûӦ˵ĵȴһƬȻԪһлͤ࿴һۣҲñɫ
һԵҲͫһ͵˹ȥ
ôܣȻɺϵ£
һݣȻ
Ȼ˵ûײβɽмûʶǿһ㣬ȥðȻ˼ﾹȻƺһӡ
ҲԪһлͤǱô룬һ䣬ֻ˵ˮ˷ֿ˵ĵУһۣʮ߰꣬ɫ԰ףЩ˴Ӻ˳һ׳۵Ļ
룬Ŀ񣬶עģ˫ӽϥǵ˫֣֮亱
ڣоɽʹһϢǹϢһѵҪءɽȫһն
ˣ
ֻһۣжʱַǳĸо
ȿȣλ´ԸɽеһҲǡᣬ˵ҲһӣصҶ֪һԣûʲôðģھȻ飬˵ҲҪˣ
˵һ䣬ŤͷĿ͸գԪһлͤԶ壺
ȻĶں漰Լ֤ܵһ£ҾңӾӰɣ
ٺ٣Ϸȥ֮󣬺ɲɣλӣۼ˭ţ˾ȻӶð䣬һƭˡ˵ͷϣСӣ㵨ӲС
˵ţһ˫絶忴˹ȥ
һУûһСƵæңʹԭʮþȵò֮زز˶ȥ˶飬»һҪĺڽ޳ҲһСԭ
СҲδ̫ˡ桢һ̩ɽĴڣСĿˣȻƭƭͷˣֱ޷죡
ңңԣ˵һӶסˣһͷӶ˽
⵽ô£
ôӣ
ĸ棬ĸǼ٣
ⲻ˵ıѵ˵ǾҪ𣿡
ڰɣȻսթϾݵλ˵ѣɳֵݵҲ˲˷ֺαҪô

һȺ˵ĿȥϵͶ֮ȥò˵֮仹ЩơǴɫۣʮ߰ң嶼Щ
ͬǣǱߵġӡ߶һ
ǲҪǺ˵Ща˵ĻôţңˡӿǾȹǣ
ͻȻһ߳Ȼ˪򱧲ƽĿⶢŶһŭݣ
ƥһᣬȻɳ顣͹Ȼһٵӣֱ˲ܣ
ǹӻõżð𣿹עôǣ
ʱ򣬶ĻͻȻ˵ˣһŭݡ
ٺ٣ʦã㻹˵ˣСӾǸðƻǸðƻ
ưʱͻȻ˳һĵ⡣ԭΪԼжϴˣڣԽĿ϶ˣԼǸٻ
ʲôͻɢ׷ɱӺĻϣϲ뽹ܳӵһжСӸǸ
ư£
ͻȻ֮䣬һȴ̺ĪϣưɵĻһ漴Ӧһ԰׵ĿǰԪһ

ư촽ʧȥѪɫţ̶ڣȻѾȫʧȥԪһĳšô˵棬Ȼ̻һˡ
˵ʲôӣ˵ѡڵ飬ݲ˲֣
Ԫһ˫֣Ŀ⿴ǰƳûƳưһۣޱȡ
ư۾Ĳš
Ϊ˵ĻȻڶ̶һ֮ڣһˡô޷ܵġ


1372 ֮棡
ĶҪҵĻһҪǧУ֮أ
ưܿŤͷݺݵƳһȺе塣ԼôܻᱻԼôʧ衣ΣԼҪСΪ˸صĴۣ
ҳֳһĻʲô
ԪһûļưɫĿһֱڶϡ
ٺ٣ɽѾþûô֣ϷҲܾûôȤˡѵóӣֳôУЩСָ٣ЩҲԱ߿֣αҲǵһνˣֺαؼһʱ
οٺ٣Ԫһ˸ӵģô˵棬ǾΪЦˣ
Ӹ£ƮƮЦЦ
Ԫһû˵Աߵĸлͤȴ۽ǳ鶯һ£΢΢ɫ
ⷬƾⷬ˿²Ӧˡ
ǣλ̨ȻҼðңҲĬĬ֮ô˵棬ҲҺһα
棬һֻȭ΢ڿڱ֮䣬ֱŶ壬ЦЦ
֮Уû׼ô£Ƿ飬˵ҲҪվҴԷˡҪ˵ĵӵжǼþգϴ󣬻ǵ죬ǰԼս
ΧȺ۷׷ף˶ǳŴɽģڣӵ鷴˵ע⡣֪Ȼ书ߣɽȴǣ˾̶֪֪ȣֻһЩ̩ɽʦȲϡ
˵ǵ˭˭٣
ƭƭͷϣӲС
Ǳ鵽ɾ·һ
ٺ٣ҲŪô鷳˭Ӧ˭Ǽٵӣ
һ˫˫ĿⲻͶ֮ɨɨȥĴ֮ףȻһԳже顣
Ǻǣкβɣ
ʱһ˶΢΢һЦͻȻǰһ֮оȻݱû뵽ģΪ±Ԫ˧徭ٵķ꣬ô̡
οоĳʱ˿̣桢棬лͤ˾Ԫ׵˵עȫԼϣֻҪԼ춯Щͻ֡
ڵ岻ӦҲôӦˡ
ȴţҪ۶书˽⣬²ѷɫκˣӿҲδʤ
ã
ʱһЦ𣬸ߴϣȻƣ
лǶ˰ɣԽԽȤˡ˺֮ĳԹԺ飬ڴ֮ǰ۾˭ӡ
棬ô
Ԫһ
û˵ֻ΢΢һЦŤͷ˵ϵӣ߻⣬ǰЦ
˶֪Ӿγ䣬еѧָƣͿָʤǿսʤǿĶ֡Һ˵λӸѡһλߣԼ㿴Σ
棬΢΢ͷʮ㡣
ӡأ
˵Ŀ壬Ǽ
ܹƽ
ҲЦ
ܺãȻˣͰ˵İɡ
Ԫһ΢΢ס˼ȻѾһ£ûŵıҪˡ
ʵ̫ߵûʲôսԣѡ侳İɡ
˵ţϵ档
еĵѡ
ʱϣ˵ͷ
ٺ٣Ӳؿ˵ĵӶǲֻһҪ󣬸ҽҴǸСӣҪԪһǰ
ʱҲڵ

棬˾Ԫ̲סŭȵ
Ԫһû˵һֱֻۣҡҡͷֹ˾Ԫס
ӣ»֤Ӱɡ
ԪһͻȻڵ
˵ĺã
ȻһЦſڵ
˵ĺãԽϣѡλʵǿ˸ָ֣˵ĵʤǿսʤȫˣȻʸһУȻǼٵġӡɣûбҪٽȥˡ棬鷳㲻ҵΪ
Ťͷһ
ģϷ򲻻ģϷ࣡
Ц
ЦëȻȻ˲ΪȻ
Ӧˣ
˵ͷһֱһԹۣһĻЦ
ôһѾˣû⣬ǰӦþӡ
аǺм֮
ΧһƬž飬ѹѹһƬ߶ڹעһĻ췢δ̫ˣһˣһˣȻԳһλӡɽĴ֮׾Ȼ֣֮һ֮أʵⲻѡ
棬Ӻܿһӣ
鷳ѡְɡ
Ԫһ˵ͷָӺѡ˵ĵӣӣһ侳нףһ侳߽ףһ侳۷壬ʵ˵Ӹߣ
˵ӳУһ˲˶ס˺嶼̧ͷ˹ȥ
΢΢һЦ˵Ŀ˵ȥ
ӾͲˣûص羱ѾˣһһʷǳԵĻֱ۸̧⣬ûп͵͵񹦣Ϊڼ꣬縮ѨͱĶڼ׵°綼ˣѪᣬǰˡ
Ȼƽʱɽ©ˮսʱ򣬹߷壬ͻҵ⣬ÿʱһ̵ʱ󸹲Ѩضʹ˯ѣ߱ʵȫܳΪһϸıսߣ
ӵ
䣡
˻ûӦӵ㵽˸ȴƤһ¶Ȼɫһ㡣
ҲͰˣΪ͵͵񹦵ûм֪һ֪ǾȻûǸˣҪǣһÿ˳ֵ֢״ȻͬǸˣȻÿʱһ̷Ѩʹ鶼ֱ֪˼飡
һ˶书ͨ͸Ѿµ˿ԤеԷϼʱ
ѾԶԶԽ֪
һ࣬Ԫһлͤû˵жӹһ˿â
ʱ̴٣ܵϮǱ߶ʱ֪˾͸Ӳ֪ˡ
ո˵ǷȴжϳЩ˵书ʣĿһ㣬ֻһ㣬Է;򵥡
һɲǣ˿˵Ŀ֮ǰȻͬ˵֮ǰлôŵĻôڣ˰˳ϡƾһ֣Ͳͨ˿ġ


1373 ӣ
һ࣬һЦʼͶ˵ʱҲɹǶԷ¶һ֮оûôɻˡ
Сӣ㵨ӲСȻƭͷϣҵҪ㵽ʲôˣ
Ⱥе壬Ц
û˵ֻƤ΢΢ȷʵмֻͣɨһ۾жϳôϢԼܿͻعƵᣬŴݡָԷѧķʽͬȴ;ͬ飬֮ͬ첻ĵط
Ԫһû˵ź˰֣а˸£⻻һϳ
λӣڻʲô𣿡
Ԫһˣһӿ˵
ûˣ
ǾͿʼɣ
Ԫһ
Ӳÿɷתͷ˵ӣ´һۣʵ
ʲô书ʾҿһ顣
ǣӣ
߻⣬ѸٰӵҪʩչһ飬ʩչĺûʹκεȻһ书ֻʩչɣоһ
ˣ
΢΢ͷ
һҵĺҽʲôʲôͳУסˣһˣҪֻһоͻ

ӵĻȺһƬȻ˵ĵӿ˿棬ֿ˿ΧˣĲ
ңҡҿҡ
жаӣһ¹ţ˵ҲǿޱߡٿҲԼͶԷĲࡣ
Ǹ˵ʶšٶر죬ҹҲߵöࡣҲǵһˣΪ˺˵ĹϵѾֹüˣʮأ߰˴ΪѾӰ˫սÿζߡ
ʱҲͰˣλ濴ţʧܣ¾·һ
İɣ˵
һŵ
˵Ȼаٰ㲻Ըô˿ţʱҲòӲͷƤϳ
ʼɣ
ХһɲǼ䣬˫Ŀ⼯еϣڴɽ֮ǰ˿ȤһĻˡ
Դ£ȺõĿ찡ϴھͩɽˣҿܣ
棬Ц
ҲͰˣԴʵڲʲôĻɫôһϺ
棬ΪԴµаɫ࣬ŭԣɽľʵûǿʵ˵ʲôǰ״ԷʵߣٲҲֻܽ
ôϻʼɣ
һ࣬͵ȵĲͷˣ
ݣ
䣬âһĸһΣڿһӰȷ˽ٶȼ죬Ҳ󣬶һ־ʩչǿľѧ
岽
ոӺԴ֮ĶԻŭ˵Դһоͽһָ顣岽Ķžѧһ岽ӣÿһ̤ʹڵһ¥̤岽ٶȡﵽ£Խʵ
һ̤ʱ򣬶ͻȻһ
ڣλС׵
Դȫ仰㣬ſλһ̳꣬Ѫǹ̵Ѫһ
䣡
ҲʱΧһƬƺʲô˼飬Դ̧ͷſǰߴ˫ץԼĵԼеǱӵѾû󸹣Ѫ˿ڴӿ۾𾪣ƺȻԴ°ܽһоͰˣõĻһͨС׵
аⶼׯڵİʽϲ̨档
ôܣ
һĻԴ±Ҫ𾪣ԼҲոʲôҲûֻǰ˵ģбɲǴһͳֱ˼飡
һɲǣԴ¼ʾӣĿ͸¶ɫֱΪˡ
°ɡ
ʱԪһͻȻ˵ˣһ˶棺
Ӯˡ
žž
Ԫһָһ漴ָƿնһָһԴеĳһָû뵽ڣѸٵֹѪˣסơ
ȥɣ
Ԫһ˰֣м˵ĸֹԾȥһһң뿪ˡ
ʱ˿̣е˵ӴľһƬţĿŶˡ
ԭ˾˵ӣֻ޻̸֮˹˵ģڣһѾȫͬ
ָܹһ׵һлн׵ߣֻһ㣬Ͼ¶˺Ƶ
ܿ죬ڶϳ
һεĶ侳߽ףʵ֮ǰǿ
Сժң
С׵
һΣͬС׵ֻмһСժңڶ߽׵ĸ־ٴΰ˵ӵУֱصһ̣Բ۾Ĳ˼顣
һ࣬һƬѹ֣ߣȴʿǡ
һ
Ԫһüź󷽴˸ơ
һ£
Ӽǰʱ򣬶ͻȻ˵ˣ
һ飬һòô鷳Ҳÿֱӻ侳ĸϳɣ
ɫ
䣡
һ䣬ɲǼ䣬˷ȺһƬȻһΧ۵߶¶𶯵ɫ
侳Ի侳ʲôЦ
һ㣬ˣ˲ţҲӣ
ţ˭ᣬǿɣǾţ
˷˽˵Щɢߣ˵ĵӶסˣȻû˵ʲôҲ΢ɲüͷȻӵҪû˿׼
϶˼Ǿǵĵ
ԪһԣŷͻȻڵ
ս˫ʵ̫󣬲òɣǳǸԼ˼˱ġ
Ӧ
ϣԪһĿޱĵ˵ͷ

ŷһסˣȻд㵣û˸ҷԡ
ܿ죬ӵ˼ߣѸһ侳ǿߡ侳ǿ߸ոյǳɢһɷ籩ǿҵϢ
ϣĽһ̤ĸУһɫ⻷ˮйһ㣬±ǵڶ̶ֻʱ䣬侳ǿϵϢʹﵽһ˵ĵز˵ĵӣ϶¶ɫ
侳ǿȣϵϢөһ㣬˫Ĳ²һ㡣
Ҫּĸֳ𣿡
侳ǿ߸һб෽Ԫһ͸һɹֵֹЦݣ鿴Щ΢
Ʋ˵ĵӣǾ֮Ĳʵ̫ˣ֮ǰ侳սǽȻͬġ


1374 ʤ
ԪһǰͷҲûأ
Ҫڶ𣿡
ǣ
侳ǿߺܿͷһ
ֱаԴ£͸һèϷЦݣ
ٺ٣ȻҿɾͲˣ
Ѹٱ΢ֻɰͦأɫ糣
ʼ
һ£˺ܿٴεս
Դսս˶ҪˣȻ֮ǰսɹػʵԼǿĶ֣һȫͬ侳׵ʵսһ侳ǿߣͲһʤ㣬λں涢ţˡ
ҵģҪţ
ʱһϤӶߴ侲ǣ̺һɸοĵӵϤаԴࡣ
սܿ쿪ʼ
ˣ
һɲǣ侳ĸѸһרעȫԸȻʵȶԷ߳ܶ࣬Ϊһ侳ĸ֣־ᶨ᷸࣬еë
λʳ
棬侳ǿ߻û֣ӵ˶ÿ˻ڲ죬⵽ǸʲôԴȴѾܵĲȡж
ݣûиоκвλҲûκˣһˣǸλá
¡¡ͬʱֻһ죬һǿƥصĺԭվĵط

Χһ󾪺ǰԴµаӿ¾Ѿˡ
ôܣ
侳ĵһ˿ҲԾˡ
̤ɽô꣬ǵһ顣һʵߵġˡָһʵҲǺܸߵߣȻʵߵԼֱ˼飡
ৣ棬Դ·һĻ־£æȥ侳ǿҲûȥ׷ƺڸոյ֮С
ҵҪ㵽ܶҶУ
ڳʼ֮侳˸ֺܿعû˿ԥһΣһƣԴºȥ
̧Σ
ٴû˿⣬䣬ǿҵıը̳һٴա
һﲻ򵥡
վȺ֮УһֱķչԴǰ侳ǿߵĹһɲǣоʲô
ͨ˵ǿԴԼ侪յķʽһʵԼǿܶĻ侳ǿߵĹУȴȫͬ
ҪָԴһ׾ٵֵĹҪԶֽǰԤУֻǶֵģҪͬʱԴµλ
ǵӱһͨߣҲ侳һоͼ侪ˡ
һļԴﵽ侪˵ĵز侳ǿʩչʲô书ôʩչʲôʱ֣Ѿ͸ˡһһȷʵˡ쾭⣬һһǸǿߣһֳǿߣ
а
ٿˣӾǸѶԸĸ֡ⲿˣԸ߰Ҳѹ޷ðԼɽгϣҲ˼ɡ
սϣսѾ˹ؼʱ̣Դ²ϵܣһһΣÿһΣΧ۲ȺѡĿɨһȦ桢棬Ԫһлͥˣȫڹעⳡս
Ȼ˶ˡ
սҪ侳Ҫˡ
Ƭ̺а
һֱһ㣬侳߿Ʊռƣʵϣһһȫ뵽ӵĽ֮СһԼûз֣Ѿʧȥʼҿʼø
ҪǣһδεĳУ书ʽԡѾһԵʮͨ͸ˡ
ûףĵ˸Դ£Ǹվսߣָӱսʱɷרעȫû֮ǰ㲡̬ӣ
ʱȥսҵʱ򡪡
Դ£λλλλС׵ɽ죬ɭɭУڹͬҸ̫Ѩ
ͻȻ֮䣬һܵӺָӵӵĿз
֮УŰΧ侳ǿȫռݡѹԴ´򣬵һ̣ԭڡλԴһ㣬һС׵ʽܣ侳ߵġ׷ɱ˳
һͨͨׯڰʽġС׵أӱֵѾ˵Ӷ̾ΪֹǶ裬Ѿﵽ뻯ľأǾԲ˱ֵġ
ȻһлԶûֹͣ
Դ´侳ǿߵĹ֮󣬲ûܣһ˵һȻ侳ǿɱɽ죬ɭɭУڹͬһܵʽʩչ
䣡
侳ǿҲûţԷ˹Ҳ룬͵ĹƳԴ¶ȥʽֺֿݣͬʱл̺ŻԵԴ侳ΪҲˡ
Ȼ˾鷢ˣһΣΣΡ̶ʱڣԴ¾ͺԤϵеķһÿһζԲͬʽܿˣÿһζʽûϣСںӵĺУɵĬ
ƽƽʽʱ䣬Ϊ棬ƺһ־ѧ
һʧ֣ʧ֣ʧ̶ֻ֡Ϣ侳ǿɫһٱ䣬ʧȥԭеź򶨡
һ侳ǿȴ侳Ūڹ֮䣬κ˶ܲ˵ġ
ˣ
Դʩչ˾ѧСʱ侳ǿɫ֣Ҳֲסбɲȥ
һΣںˡǺ侳Դ£ȴǺԴǸĪ⣬жӡ
Ȼû뵽ܣѾӵ֮С
뿪ɲǣԴһССʩչһ룬Сڹͬ籼׳㳯˻侳ǿ߹ȥ
ণʱ䣬ֻͬһĴУոշĻ侳֣ҸһӵӿеģѪˡ
ɫ԰ֽһ˫۾ŶԴºӣżȵ𾪺ͻ̻š
⣬ⲻܣ
ţǿ󡭡һ̣ȫˡ

ڶݵļž֮󣬿һĻ˶ˡһĿɿڴ󾪺
ţܣܣҵ׿ʲô
һ侳׵߾ȻԻһ侳ˣ̫ˣ
ҿ𣿸ңǲǿˣ

ΧѹѹһƬɺѪǰѶϵڳ߶Լ𺳺ͳ桢棬ԼԪһлͥ¶صɫ


1375 սɣ
ҲᣬƾǰһĻ۵Ͼ͸¶һ־˵츳ǿǱ
ЩɽеľͷǣòԴ
ˣ
ȺУȻܽȭͷɫǲ԰׵û˿Ѫɫ
棬ȴɫȻմ¶һɳ׵Ϣƾһ֣׵סΧеˡһ̣ŤͷȺе壬ֳһƵЦݡ
ǹУر࣬Ȼ˼ðԼͷˡֻˡԼôð޴
ɲǼ䣬ΧһƬžһ˫˫ĿܿоӵĶ׷塣
ɲǼ䣬ȫеѹ֮ѸתƵϣȻ嶼Ŀ˹ȥϸȥͻᷢ˵촽΢΢Ĳ
ʼʱ˶ǼŲɵģǿһĻоסЩҡˡ
˵ʲôҶ˵ģֻӣ
ڣȻ˳˴ɫͨ죬ȻҲǳ׻ȥˡ
һԣ忴һĻǸжһҲֻǶԲԼй¶ûɣԪһлͤ滹棬ɽǿȫ֡
ͻʱΣաڵѾɲˡ
СѾͷң
Ժ˿ͷܿ쾲
ӣҲǵһԣӽҲЩȤˡ
ô̹ϻü
ǰڵ
ֻҪָһ侳ĵӣһ侳ĸ֣Ҳ𣿡
ϣ΢΢һЦͻȻǰһڵ
㣡
ĻӶʱһϣΪ֮ᡣ
侳侳ľ蹵һ㣬˶֪ģָһ׵ߣһ侳ǿ߲ŻҴ˴𺳣׳У赭д˺Ȱ׿ˮһܹܣֱǳ衣
ߣǾҿжٱ£
ŭӵ
Ѿ˷ŭ׵üֱԽ󡣵ԼӣּʶԼֶΣԷȻ˵򶨣ѹûġԷҪôǸɵӣҪôǸӣ
һ֣ԲԷԼǰ

峯Ԫһͷʾ⣬΢΢ס
棺
棬ҪǾͲô鷳ˣֱһ侳Ķְɣ
˶
仰ֱƤ෢ϡ
ɣֱϰɣ
һŭݣֱһϢԨs˸֣ߣһ˷׷׾
ⲻƽ˵Ҳ̫޳˰ɣ
һӣ壩䶨ˣ
ͬǶ֣ѡ֣ɱѡǿˡ
ߣԼ˵ģѵɲǻ侳֤ԼѶҲס
һ
棬һ˵ӷ׷Ϊ֮ᡣǣ棬˲òǿ£Щܵɹɢߣһˣ˽Ϊӡ
Ȼǻ侳ĸ֣ɽУ˶֪һɶ칤ġ֮ƾһ׹ԴԴϵĴӴȡ֮
һʩչ书ΧͻһƬɭɭĹֻҪΧڵͻ᲻ɱܵš侳߶ˣ˵侳ˡ
ֻƾһ㣬Ǳ߾Ͳκεʤ㡣
ǶСˣҪɱ֮죬Żְ취
һԱ߹սɢѹ
棬ȻѾѡˣͲ˷ʱˣսپֱӿʼɣ
ʱ屳˫֣ŶĿ棬һŵ
ˣ
Ԫһ׼ǰһ滻ɣⷬɵüͷԭѾӿߵĻɵ˻ȥ
һ࣬ȺһƬͣڶݵļž֮ͻȻһôЦӺͺ󷽵϶¶һ˿Цݡ
ıȫһԴ֮ͽ
ָһ׵߻ܻ׵߾ѾǼˣȻҪġ
ΪԼ˭
һ֪ߵغ
ߣһΪʲô£ѧҪѧңҲʲô˶õģ
һЦ˺ܶࡣ
ӱǶһ޶ģֻһСѣ
һĮȻߣʼԵĻҲˡ
Ц
һ࣬ҲЦСӼֱǿûˣȻҪָһͨ侳ߣְܹܹμĻ侳ǿߡ
ֱһЦ
ٺ٣СӣҪͷȫ㣡
ЦĿ⣬һˡ٣СӶˣ
ӣ壩ΪʲôҪӦıԣĹ֮书ߣĺսּḻͲӦôӦⳡԣ
Ȼһѳ嵽ߣץסֱۣҪˡ
У͹ս˸ɫѾսԳ֮Ϊˣ
ӣ֪ģⳡܻܲϣ
촽֮ڻûбȫǼʶָ˻ɱڽ޳Լ档Ͼ֮ǰսͬⲻȺ֮սǸ˺͸֮ս
̫û˿ʤ㡣
İɣһңԣһἰʱģ
ļο
ӣ֪˵ʲô𣿡
Ȼּ
ⲻϷ֪˻ʲô𣡡
ڵѾһ򵥵ıԣҲ˵Լ޹أӵ顣
ʧܣ֤ԪһһٵŪˣĿôˣʱԪһԸ⣬ҲֻɱЧȣͬʱʾˡ
ƺԣȻЦó
ȻͺûһǶȻһ飺
ո˵˹֮
ʱˣ㻹֮˭֪
Ȼܻ
û˵ȴ¶һ˿Ĺâ
֮¿ɾĺˣ
Ȼôŭܿ쿪ʼ
˵һύ֣ס̣ԼѨҺһ㶯֣֣Ҫٹ
帽侳Ӷߵ
˵ĵɫսսǵԪһлͤ棬ⳡսѾɲˡ


1376 ֮
ڰȫ棬ڣѵ㻹
һ仰˵ĵһЩȻǺԪһȣĲһڣǱɱ֣ҲԵóѡ
ӷģһȫԸ
˵ܾ
ⳡս˵ע⣬ʶӡʵڴҶӡҲ൱ڴˡټ٣϶һ
ܿ죬˵ĿУսսţսһ
ǱӦǸٻҶ֮ͻܣ
У𣿹ɵĹ߶޷Ѿڵϣ
Ⱥ˽ûһ塣
ɵ
ĿޱսͻȻһϸ૵ڶ𣬹΢ʲô
Ȼһ̣ʱͻȻ֮âһԶһӰԼܿ췴Ӧ˵ǸߣǸֻ侳ߣȻѡ
ߣѰ·
ɵԸһŰ壬ЦǿһĻҲ¶һ˿ЦݡһԴȡĶԲߣ˵֧ܶһȻԼɵ˼㣬ɱ졣
֮ǰƶЩʱѾòˣֻһУͿԽֽ
ʵϣȺķӦҲ͹һģһ
䣡
˵ɱʽȺ׷׺Ц
һѻʯ
߿ˣʹܹɣôܣ

һɲǣԪһɵüͷָ˵Խķʽǣƹ棬˻ΪĵûۼϵʱһжѾˣеһŷڵ˵ġ
ڶŷڶӵΣԪһ鲢ûлɣǰֱʵ˴۾ʲôǵľٶ
һԵĸлͤȻû˵ʲôһƽȴ΢΢Ĳһ£һɲǣ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ʮɣɣɣɡ
˫ľԽԽ䣬ЦһԥųڵĹһɲǼ䣬Ũ̹ǺĹٹҹУӹɵӿܡЩɫӿţͬĶ
սһÿ˶˵Ӽܵ³ʲôֻҪſųỤ̃һʱ䶼ãⳡսͻѸٽ
䣡
ֻһɲǣ˵侳Ӷʱһǰ㣬Ȼ˹ܵĹ֮С
ণ
˵ʱʱ죬˵ӳȥɲǣͻȻһХ𣬽𵴣̶ʱڣײ
һû˷Ӧʲôոճȥ侳ģ˳䵽ϣŹɵķɫ԰ײѡ
𣿡
һ˲䣬˶˹ɵķ
ͬһʱ䣬ϵҲ΢΢ָ׼ʱ֣һָǸðӡһ̣һɽХľ𡪡
ţôܣոյ׷ʲô
ɣɾȻˣ
һɲǣǧĿ׷սϵĹɣǸԭӦʮþȵʤߣֻɴʱؿϲһѪĲš
һеŵҪֻһѾˡ
ܣܣ
սԵ͵˫۴鼤š
ԭĵȻ򶨡ţһ˲ȫһɨգµֻ𺳡һ侳ȥսһ侳ǿߣֻܲϵػأϵĥԷ־ԣȻѰһᣬͨԷһٻܵˡ
ѡߣȻһ𹥻ֱš
ʱ˿̣ٲ⣬û֪ոշʲô
ǡ
һ࣬ԪһлͤսջĿ⣬˶΢΢üͷ
˵ûôɻ󣬸ոһɲǣзǶΪˣвԽɻ
ɵĹԶʵߣͬȼĻ侳ɼĸţӰڵʹǱ仺ֱֹͣѡ侳ӣһͷȥ֮󣬲֪ΪʲôȻ˿Ӱ졣
ǵˣһּ侪յķʽڵʯ˹Уǵ˵еʱ򣬲֪ΪʲôϵͻȻëͻŴңĵһУǹ·ġ
˵侳һԹǿΪͻ׵ĵֵ֪ΪʲôԭӦĵطͻȻһ˿˵еĳȻ˿͸һ˿Сķ϶Ҫ֮С
ûж⵽ɵĹ֮һɲѾƵˡ
˭Ҳ޷ѡ侳ӾȻһӮˣ
յԶټһ˫۾ⳡսһʼѾˡ
ԪһջĿ⣬һ߲Զ壬˼˭뵽ʮ߰꣬ϾȻ̺츳
ֻԪһлһûף嵽ôģ˵Ĺ֮ˣŹǿԪһ֪ŹʲôȱݣôʹùϹڵͻڰܸһʵԶԼ侳ߡ
Х趯Ըо˷˫ĿԼϣͬ𾪣ۣв˼飬ҲļʡЩһ㡣
ĻԻ󣬸ոյһз̫̫ˣ壬׷ʲôģûмˡ
ͽддУҲͰˣȻһ֮ģ
һƵᣬŶ棬Цɫͱޱȡ
֮аǺպȴʦ˵Źи޴ֵһᡣŹʩչɭޡ֮ٽһСտաͻᵼߣֱͨҪͻụͻһŤһ
Ǹʱ򣬾л侳߽׵ʵҲʵ˿Ŵ󿪡
侳Ӹɵľ¡λɭޡ͡տա˵췽ҹ̷ɵ񣬵˵һ򵥡
ټϡ֮ԴͿɵġšڣֻҪ׼ġ¹л侳Ϊĵ£Ҳذɡ


1377 ѷ֣
£
ʱһȴվڶ棬ڵһ㡣ģˣһơҲûʲô
ã
ӣȻӣ
Ǹٻ㻹βܣ

ڶݵļž֮һ࣬ͻȻһĻ֮ǰʱ˽λֽܣѹһ޹⡣𲻸ҹһ˴סᣬļ
һǣɫԽѿˡ
쵰
Уⷬ˫ȭգͨ졣ȺȴΪġҽеҲǡӡûбˡ
ӣ˲򵥣
ͻȻһϸţӶߴһֱϵҲˡ˫ü΢壬ְϵıϣ͸¶Σյɱ
ڵǱӣ˭ԹӲ˭ԹӲ˭·һ
ҵ͹ˣ
ǿеŭ
Ϊ浽ǸٻʣԷȻ֪ѶˡǺȻ̫ˡֻƾһ֣˾;ǸУԼķ֮
ԽˣԽǲŹԷ
۾γ䣬۶ѧ˽⣬κˡ
ҿ㻹ڴǰװʲôʱ򣡡
ʯ䣬ӹһĨĹâ
ˣ
ΧȺһƬˡһ漰˺ˣ漰ɽкպӣ˱ֻǱſϷ̬ġڣš顱˷룬ÿ˶֪ıȥˡ
˵츳ֱˣǡ˭ӣ
Ƭһ˫˫ĿȺе壬ŶеˣԺһɲƵͷ
棬ѾˣʲôҪ˵𣿡
Ԫһڿڵ˶棬Ͽ˿ı顣
ٺ٣黹ûԪһ㼱ʲô˵˵棬䲻𣿡
Цţ
Ԫһÿɷ
ٺ٣ڱȤˡ
Цţ¶һ˿̵ɫ
ҺԸѡһ侳ĸ֣ģϣҺ˭ᶯֽšǵʵһͬһ𡣲ǰǣս˭ʧˣ˭Ǽٵӣ˭͵
ৣ
ⷬ廹ûʲôʾȴ΢΢ɫ֮ⷬǰû˵
ٺ٣˶֪Ӿγ䣬ָƣָԷսһʾǼٵġ
˵ţĿģ֮ɨ
ô˵棬ŪҺǲΪܻ뿪ɣ
棬㻹ǾĲǲģ
屳˫֣ƮƮŰȻ
Ȼγ䡱Ƕ˵书¸ֻ࣬ǿܲеô͸ˡο廹һš֮Դʦа˴ǧ
ʲôĶ֣ܴӶԷУֹؼġŦڣҵϵ
һ㣬ʵ֮ͬ
٣Сӣ㻹֣
¶һɭȻİЦ
ߣǾɣұӣû˼ðˣ
ӱЩԥ۽ߣʵȴߣּɾͷЩ㿡һʱҲ˲ôˡ
ã
˵ĻЦ
ûɣ
һоͰ죡
ԪһÿɷȻѾʼζȥ
ΧȺ˽һ˫˫Ŀⲻ֮롣
֪˭Ӯ
еһ̣֮ıԣ˶мȤǸٵ˭ƾܹӱƴڣ˾ͲǷ֮
Ԫһܿѡ˺˵ĸ֣һΣ˶˼¹ʣ˫ʵͬһˮƽȻ˵һģһֲѾСԺˡ
ʼ
һ£˫˫սһɲǣΧĿΧſֵɢߣҲǵЦݡ
ⳡʼսÿ˶ڴʧܵһĿ֮½ѾϷôˣҲûЦó
ӵĽ֣˺˵ĸҲս
㷸һ㲻Ӧðңһ쵽УھҲﲻˡ
ӿŶ棬һص
Ŷ
üͷ΢΢һһ˿ȵɫҲۣܹ˵ⷬ΢΢һЩøС
İɣǲģ
ȻһЦ
ߣڤ粻飡
ҧɫʱࣺ
ȻˣҾͳȫ㣡
Χһӽࡣ
ҲǱߣ˵ע£˺˵ĸֻս˵ĿⶼڶԷϣǻҪŵĶࡣ
Ͼֻڳ߶ƤӣȴҪಫ˺˵ľۼһ𣬲Ϊʲôԭ򣬶ȻһѪս
սܿ쿪ʼ˫ľԽԽһΣ廹ӣ˭ûпڣҲûнսǰָ㡣
ոһֲԣ˶жϳ˶Է˫츳ﵽּѾûбҪһ١
䣡
ΧĹڻЩ̵ʱһ̣ͬʱ֣յааϢ糱սصײһͣ䣬·𵶽һ㣬ڵһĹۣ侳ֺ侳һּսҪΣյĶࡣ
䣬û˷Ӧ侳ĸһ㣬ٴμҵսһ𣬶̶ʱڣ˶Уգ˵Ҳ쵽˼㣬һʱ֮䣬ֻӰߣԷֱ˵Ρ
˶ס˺ӸרעûзŹ֮һ˿һĶһ֮ĽҲӵһֵ棬һֿľ
˲ҪⲨݵĽзߵʵ书ʽսʽͬʱҪԷϵϰߺʽ
ֻһΣ߷жӰ쵽ս󣬽˵
֪Χţһ˫˫Ŀһսĸ֣һ֮ɨӡ
ӣͰ
ȺУȻ尵ȭͷһѺһ࣬ưķӦȴֽȻͬ
ߣһ֪ðƻҿôģ
ưһʼͲ壬ӣԽĲˡⳡսðƻ˵


1378 ֣
ˣ˵ʵȷʵһһûжֽš
ĿһаԽˣԽʾɱĵС
аһرаͷߣһĽɫȴ˵ľݵ㻵ĺ£Ķӣ˵һð裬ͺϻƨɣ룬ѾǸˡ
飡
̶ʱ䣬һ죬սϣ˺˵Ļ侳˫˫ֿٴ䵽ԭλá
Χٴλָ˼žȴ֮ǰӵĽšаֻྯŶԷͬʳԱһ㣬׼һֳ֡
һ룬룬롭廹ӣа֣ĸ˭ûж
һڸ
˽ȵЩʧȥĵʱһ̣飬û˿ԥһ㣬ٴη˶
κ࣡

಻ߣҪӴɲǣйâһͬʱ
һͻû˿ף侳һըֳ࣬һһ벻ķ򣬳˵Ļ侳ȥȻŵ鷢ˣͬһʱ䣬˸ȫȡ˺ͬĶһըŨ̹ͬһβбɲǹ˹ȥ
˵Ķһģһеʱͷλͬһģһͺһ˶ԼӰӳһĽ֪
䣬ֻһ춯صıըаٴμҵײһȻ˼֣ܶһֵĽȴǺ͸ոһģһ
էϼ֣սԵȴͬʱüͷһ˵жϾȻһģһȫʤ
ɽУǼ亱ġ
Х֮ӿ˺ѵХʹԽĽˣʱԪһע֪ı˽ȥ
ܿ죬Ӿٴγˡ
ɽӵΣ
ħ
ոյսѾжϳ˵ĸֺ˵ĸٶǿľѧɽӵбκһϵѧӵĻսٴ仯
¡¡һյɽ緢һ˻侳ֵڱϢ˲ó࣬Χֳ΢΢ɽӰֻɽɽβǵģͺɽȫйע˸ֵڡ
ɽӵ˵һžѧԴ߹ѡžѧȴΪһʩչʱĽǶȺλá
Ѩ
˶
Ѩ
ͬʱӵҲ˵Ķһ֣ѡĶȡλãҲǡǡ˵ڣոһ̶̵ֻʱ䣬˾ͶѾӶԷĳи֪ڡ
Ȼ˶Ѱҵ˶ԷյĽ֪
䣡
䣬ǿͬʱɳȥһ˲䣬üͷʲôѲһ
ܵģ⵽ô£
̧ͷĿ˶塣
СȺ飬书ָƣոָ㣬Ƽ򵥣ȴǻۺԡν֮壬ǧֻҪһ˿һ©ĽȻر
һͨġ
ͬԣһҲֵ֮ģӱΪԼӦÿԺ׵Ļ֣ܶʵȴһԤϵķ
ʲôˣ¼䣬ô˺һѧָƣҴﵽͬ裿Ҫǣôܺһᣡ
һ䣬˶ӡȻţǶǸٵӣȻֻͬʮ߰͡
һҪﵽͬˮƽǲԣ;ԲС˵Ԫһ档Ӿ¼Ȼ˺Լ˵ƣ˵ľˡ
ʱ˿̣ȴһ˱ӻҪ𾪣һֱϣϲ뽹
ܵģΪôģ˵ʲôΪʲôҪð乫ӣ
ĸߴ˶ĻҲѾʧȥ򶨣սȻֻ˶̶̵ʱ䣬ԼҹӺͶǸҲֻΣΣѾɽһĳ𺳡
һ·Źϴʶôĸֺ۾뢣Ҳνźɽῡܣһѽһѣһһ磬УȫһЩСѣ츳ԣ۶⣬ûһȵԼҹӡ
ޣԼҹӿѳ£ԪһּľͷǰҲѷɫ
ȺУ
ɽӷ籩
ħ
յգ

սսӽ߾ȫָ˵Ļ侳֣˵ĸַĹ
һɲǣ˵绯һĵɴ䣬û˿ˮвԷҪ
˵У˻侳ֵʵӵ˼¡Ī⣬ÿһÿһƶνӵˮͺȼĹ켣ѡࡢȴһ

Ƭп˸ֱֵˣɷ󾪺֪ΪʲôĹ˶һâڱĸоһ˼⣬Լȥѵֵסָоʵľ
ȻľĻǶķӦ
˵ӿƵ˸֣һѵ󿪴ϣʲôǰһƵ˸֣һѽ࣬
ݣӦ쵽˼㡣Ҫǣǿ籩Ĺߣûкˣȡ˺һԹصķʽ
˶ȡͬʽʱ򣬾ͺһԼԼĽ֪

սϵľһһĳЩյĵطΧ۵߶鲻Խķаһ亹
һҲ̫ˣĻǻ侳𣿡
һΧ۵ɢ߲ͷ亹ꡣ
ʵ̫ˣа侳ǵָ£սʽޱȡ
ǲȸ˿һֻҪһСģ׹Ԩǵ³˵ˮݣƽʱаڵҲಫҲһգǺڵսȣȫһεġ
սڣֻҪ˭־иǰˣ¾³ƫƫӻࡣ
ҲţҾţĻ˺˵ľѧ𣿡
ҿɫ԰ף亹乣˺˵ܵĳ͸ˣرеЩ侳֣Ĳţ𾪵޿ɸӡ


1379 һ
սϣ˫ʩչʽһһʽǶָơͬ书ͬʽȫر𣬸оʩչľͲͬһѧ
һȻ
ʱ˿̣սԵҲ΢΢üͷȻһǰӵʱ˵Ⱥ飬γ䣬ʼǲÿɷġ
սڣе˼רעޱȡţɽл
ΪսָǧĴ󽫾Բָս˵Ļ侳֣ʵӵֵز
ӵ书ߣֻ侳ΪȻָܹ侳ǿߣһʵӵֵزʵǾ
սսԽԽң߻ֻüͷ壬أǱȴˡһ˿˿亹ϵĴ
ǿѨħأ
ԪѨħѪ
λʬɽѪ

ӲϵĳУĴٶת쵽˼㣬ϵĳŸְ취ȥ֣ܶģʧȥеƽ
һ˫Զ򶨣ŴݵУҲֳһ˿ǡ
δǿУÿһιҪƣľ˫֮Ƿͥѷ
ӣٲֻСӣ֮ǰԼֻΪǼðӣԳָɵˣ
ʱһͻȻˡ
仰Χһӽ࣬Ƥһ£ɫ֮ǰˡߵҲסϵĵָɣֽ
쵰
аŭѡλպգʵǿа棬Ҳûа취
治ͬˣóȻж˫֮俪ʼսĸڰ˳ϡ
ɣ
ΧĻаѡ
汾ˣҲǸŭԡսǾ仰սֶʱ΢ı仯
侳֮սԽΣա˵ĸҲĻԽļҡ
ϣ
ȺħŰ
ħ

˫£Уָ߬ţǰδеĹע
ҲģԾԲκˣ
üֲµļսҲеһɰͲԸ
֮ͬУκˣҲûκ˿ʤŲɵҲͽ
ųƽɫа֣һ˿ɫƺ¶ʲôġ
λħ
ѭλħһɣ
ħһѨ
ʯ䣬ӽ˵ʽһ䣬˵Ļ侳֣֮˱仯ݣһ㣬ڿһڣѸٳٶȼ
ϣھֻߵʱеĳһԽĳ˲һΪ壬ըа
ǹɽ·Ҫض˺һ㣬ƾⲫһǿʹö˸΢΢ı˹켣סжΧ
ǿġħһҲ
ǡ
һĻжĲһ¡
֮սѾкܳһʱˣò˵ӵ츳ȷԼƽ
ոյսüͼȫʧܸա
û⣬ȥԼȻܻҪϲٵʱ䡣
ڣӽʩչоѧÿһжƴÿһж˼вսѾ¶
Ƕ˵ʱ򣬷κʱҪӽӽɹ
䣡
ը̹˸ּʩչеɲǣû˿ԥйâһѸٵָ㣺
λָɽ
ˣʯ䣬˸ּеɲǣָӵ˵ͬһϷɵһ㣬һȥ
ûõģӲˣ
һ࣬ս˼㣬ӿŶ壬һ˿Ĺâһйħһ򵥵һܱܿġ
ণֻһĺУʱ䣬˵Ļ侳֣һܹĺУͬʱֳһĹһֲֻħ
ֻħ˵ĸ֣˽һһһ޻صƣ˵ĸȥ
ĳߣߣߡ̶̵ֻʱ䣬˵ĸ־ʮΣյıزԹħһڼǿľѧҲ¶ҵɫ
С䶨ˣ
һ࣬һĻаӵǶ¶Цݡ
ٺٺ٣ұе㣬ԪһΪְɣ
ЦһܵаѸٴӵ㼯ָУֻ˸ܵһ̣ͻָɵ塣
ӣ壩
ۿ弴ܣȻܵɫʱò԰ޱȡ֮ǰԼܣҪġ
һ࣬ԪһлͤȫҲһɲ趯ʼհţûκεĶ
սϣӵսѾ˾ʤʱһߣ˴磬硭һɲǣʱ䶼·ֹ˶ס˺սһѾûκεÿ˶ƺ˸ܵĳҲ屻նɱ³
ʣܵǸǼٵӡ
ƭɾͷͷϣҲֻ·һˡȻһ̣ĽȴĿɿڴ
ˣ
û˿ףڽ侳ֻʱͻȻ˻侳ֽһͣȻ֮һ˿Եңڣҵײһ
ô
˸ɫһ㵣ϸֳŵɫѾ׼ӭʤϲãϵֱᷢʡƽҲͰˣּҵսУֳͻǼġ

ͬһʱ䣬Ⱥ󾪺
ô£
˶һĻˡֱ仯ʵ̫ˣһ侳ĸ˵ִ󣬼ֱ޷ԭ¡
ʱ˿Ψһܱ򶨵ģֻˡ
ڣ
帺ֶһ˿ķâǰһĻ˵⣬Ƕ˵һжԤϵС
Ѩָ·
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ʯ䣬˵Ӽʩչ˵ʽ
ôã˼άϣѾϰ߽ҪǣҲûʲôõİ취

ֻһ춯صĲҽУû˷Ӧ˵Ļ侳־ͱһȭҪѨ߷ݰ˳ȥڵϣ¡һڵҳһ޴ĿӶ̳
ž
ޱȵļž
Ľ˸ѪݺڵϣĿ࣬ˡ


1380 ݰ¶
⣬ôܣô飡
ŴͣĲš
Ҫģ
ܣܣôܻ
ʱ˿̣㵵Īˡ
ǰһ̣ϻšݡɷ¶һ˿Цݣ·ѾԼջʤӡ
һ̣Լˡǰ󷴲֮Уһ˲ʧȥеɣ촽ס
ӣӾ
ھγѧ棬ûܹȵùӵڣҲ棬һϸµԭӴûлɹԼҲûԼܲӮ⣬Ϊ䣡
ǰ֣ݺһơ
ܵģܵģ
ӵͷʧǣȫ޴ĴС
СȻΪԭ򣬲书߸׼ȷ˵޷̫ĳɾ͡۽硢ʶϣӴӲΪԼκˡ
һ侳Ϊѵʥ侳Ļȫѷɫκε۹󽫵ʵڣҲĽڡ
ȻڣȴԼóĵط˻ˡһɲǣɱܡ
棬Ľ㿴˰ɣҲ޻˵˰ɣ
ʱһԪһһãͻȻǰ
ĿһɨԶӡ
쵰
һɲǣɫѿޱȡ
ӣߣ
ʱһֱûô˵Ļһץסӵļ㳯ȥ
ߣߵ𣡡
ֻһߣԪһĿ磬ޱȣеӺԵĻΪºպɾͷǰ֮ĸ֣ӺߵҪߴߣǾܵ顣
ಣ
һ𣬷ĺԪһ

һĻȺ󾪺϶¶ŵɫ
κζд۵ģһɲ˷·ѾǸٵӡԪһɱ³
Ȼպգǰμĸ֣Ԫһǰǲһ
ۿӺҪԪһնɱһ̣벻鷢ˡ
䣡
âһһĳƿնֻһָĿ겻ǰеӺߵĻվǰһġ壡
ף

һĻȻ˵ĵȾһĴ㵣ȫˡ
֮ǰԼӣ壩˶ǸˣѾ֤ݣԪһҪȥɱǶҪܡӡôˡ
ⲻǱĩ
˵ӻǡ
ȻʱѾǲʵۿ弴Ԫһˡ䣬ը̳ʯ䣬âһѸɿ⣬ܹԪһǿһ
Ǹʲô
Ʈ裬ŰµԪһǡ𾪡
ʱ㻹Ҫǰװ𣿡
Ԫһһ˫֣ĮȻ
ӣոһǲܶùġ
Ԫһ䣬ȺʱһƬȻȻϸǲ԰׵ûһ˿Ѫɫ˵ҲǷ׷塣
Ӳ书½֪飬ӣôոԪһֵʱ;ܶ㿪
һɲǣƬǧ˫۾Ǵѻȸ˶סˡ
̶̵һɲǣʵڷ̫̫ˣܶ˸ûзӦ
ǱߵġӡܣԪһȥ׷ɱٵӣȥ׷ɱӡȻٵıģıɼٵġһЩԽתˣֱµˡ
һƬأƬ˴۵Сۣһҳ
˶һʲôǲ֪飬Զܵͣ㵡
ӣô£
ȺУѹɻˡ֮һξ룬㷢⣬Ҳܼʱܡ
ǴǰһĻԪһ棬Ȼûʱǡ
ԪһϷСˣһأ֪˭˭٣
ʱһЦƼžȺֿ滺ǰĿһתܿϣ
Сӣ㵽ʲôˣܹѹӣһƭҺͷϣǵ죡ɽУ˵ɣ㵽ʲô
Ŀ磬˵ʱһӴľɽϡڵֻҪ춯ӭһ
ͬһʱ䣬˸лͤһֱվûôڵҳͬʱ˹ɽպյ̩ɽĿȫеһ֪ϡ
һ֪˾Ȼаɵľͬʱˣɽлûз
Сӵʲôˣ
ΧţΧ۵ɢߣѹѹһƬȴûһ˵һ֮˱Ǳһֵֿ̬ʱѾûЦˡ
ҰɽеͷŪڹ֮䣬ͬʱսлˡγ䡱µӡȻᣬĵɽħΪ֮ա𺳡
ٺ٣Сӣˣҿ˭ȵ㣡
ȺУʱ˵Īڼưˡ
Ԫһȥ׷ɱǸӡȴԸ壬סˡ֮ȴǿϲѡһֱΪԪһСסˡԪһ֪ǡ
Ϻ꣡
ףܵģһʲôطŪˣǾŪˣ
ʱһŮӵȻͻȻȺ˳һѱסԼĸסɫ԰ףл͸ĳϣ
ΣţǸκͤоԼһŷϺ˵ˣǼðġӡ
ңǼٵģҲûжκεĴ£ΪʲôҪ֣
ȻͷԼ׵ֵƺΨԪһ֡
ʦãʱˣ㻹Ҫ˵
ư״ʱܻĽе
嵹ûưֻвɳ̾һһˣͲȻˣҲûֱҪˡǸŮʱۿԼ׵ĹԼġӡ
Ƭ򣬿ҲֻʣôԼˡ
ι㲻Ϊ˵ˣȷʵӣ

κ鶼оͷ֮УҲ˽ʱˡ
ĻȻһΣ촽һ˿ѪɫҲʵøɸɾ


1381 ۣʵս
һ˿ǸȻܿͶһԵԪһ鵭Ȼ磬Եɽ̩ɽаͷҲû˿η壺
ֻһ⣬һ֣ҵ¶ʣ̲ûʲôĵطյӮˣҲӣôҳ֣
ƵĻΧž
ʱ廹̸ЦѯԼ¶Щ֮ѱ֮ͽʱҲɶ˼֡
СӵǸĲ˵ƾȣ¾û˱ȵ
а
ܿ죬˵עȫеԪһϡ
ҲЩˣԪһСӵ¶ˣ֮ǰǶŲôһ̣ˣ
һҲڵһ仰ʳ˵
˵ЩΧ۵ˣھ֪ոӮˣΪʲôԪһ֡еԭɣֱǰצģҪ֪𰸡
Ҵ˽ͣȹȻķϣҾǿף
ԪһɫĮһǰ͸¶һӴ
ȷʵֻܴϧݵ̫ˣһֻһطɣǻûʲôǶǾͲôˡ
һɽϣðӣȴѾˣҹư״㣬ںҹҹϮʱ򣬲ΪɽȻΪӣ黹ûбҪ˵ѣǵڶ㣻Ǳ߳һӡǵ㡣㣬Σ㶼Ѿֵûˡ
Ԫһ˶л죬ÿ˶ȫעšⷬͣǸпѣ
Щɾ뢣Ȼûһ򵥵İԪһлɣȴʼһֲ¶ֱʱͻȻɱ֣
ҹϮϣԪһѾ̽Լ屾Ϊƾ֮ʯԼѾɹͨ˿顣ֱʱŷԪһжԼĻɣû
ֻĳǸ̫¶
Լзĵ
Ȼ죡
ЩͷԺһӶܿͻعǹ΢΢һЦָֻǸѴݵ
Ҳֻǿɶѡ֪󵽵ǴĵȷҵݣѵӮǴ𣿡
һ䣬Ǽ䣬˶˶䣬Ԫһķ
ǸСӣ壩ˣû˿ԴԪһôаɾǾЦ¡ڹĵǣԪһǴȷ岻ӣ
һ̣ưһ˹ȥȻһֱ壬޲Ҳ֪Ԫһʲôʱ򣬴Ƴġ
ӮȻֵ̫ˡʱ򣬹̲
ԪһĿ΢΢һ£ɫ
һУʹùħһܺʩչָɽʱҲ¶ʱ򡣡

һסˡ˵壬ҲĴ㵣ԶӶ¶һ˿ɻɫһнָɽҲֻսͨͨĹжѣûԪһ˵ʲô
ͬǾγ䣬Ҳֻ֮֮֡侳Ϊ֪侳ľ
㲻ͬ˵侳ʩչħħһɵʱƺѾ֪帺ڼҵսдﵽޣйħһʱȻᳬɣң˵𣿡
һﵽ˻侳зḻʵս飬ǲ˵ⷬġ
ֻۣȴʵսν֮ǧ˭˭ٻ˵𣿡
˵һ䣬ԪһƳһۡ
һӵսۻң˷룬ǵԪһУȴ赭дһһʵսʱӵ٣׵жϳ
ԪһⷬͣȺһƬˣ㵡û뵽ԼӮĵطȻˡһۣһʵսƿԣԶȺеӶ˵
ϵ
֮ϸ΢ĲԪһ𣬾벻
˸һΪߵǿߡȻˣΪʲôҪô
ʶŤͷĴͷΧס塣Ȼ֪Ĵ𰸣еɻ󷴶ˡ
Ȼ书ƾžγһѼߣǰȴҲͺ࣬书츳ÿһ֮ϣһΣ˻ܡ
ܶԷðԼǶ壬ȴ̸ޣһġ
Ĳ˵ƾĶϣʵѧԼԼҺŪԪһЩɽľ뢣Ͳһܱȵġ
λãȻǷֻ֮ǣֻΪҼðӾͷǵ𣿲ô˵һǰɣ
忴ԪһЦЦ֮ǰһֱй¶Щͷֹµͷ̹Ȼˡ
Сӣֵزˣ㻹ܻ뿪𣿾֣ҲҪʬΡ
ɱ糱ּΣյĹâ
ֻǼðӣȹȻķϣҵͷϣҶһֻϧаķĵӣ
Ԫһ

һʯǧˣԪһĻȫһƬȻվһֱûôڵҲͫһرɫ
ԪһûŪķյĵӾ
ŶԪһ
֮ǰʱһȷڣѾȷɡ
Ԫһһ˵ţһ߳ź֡
ϣ鵽Ϣʹ˵һ£
ǣ
ϵ˸ֵϥһѸվ
̽УͳһŻֽһŻֽϣʱԳһӰ
һλа˾ʮߣ԰ףһȼĿ
ˣ
һĻ͵زһ£
ϴ峤
˸ֵĻӰͼϻĺȻǺֿϴ峤˵ַǳϴ峤սĳʼ䵽λϴ峤žųɵơ
һаķͬʵߣҪʱϵǿѾ˲ˡʱиֽ˻ȻǷɸ봫齫ЩӰͼ͵˸أڸصѰаͬϢ
ǱΪɽдδֹһѲ鵽û뵽ڽߵǺܿͲ鵽ϢմϢǴƳ͢һ֧죬˳Ϊ˴峤֧µＸȫĴС
˵Ŷ˶٣ŵ


1382 ȫ
˴峤Ȼһԣ졣Ȼ˳߲˲飬ȴ֧ⷢµȴڴƵһ
˵ţִͳһӰͼΣ৵һ¶һ˲䣬ЩŻһ˵ע⡣

ŻϵݣȺ󾪺
Żһʮ߰Ӣ꣬ϸȥϵȻһģһ
ôܣ
ԭĲӣ
Ȼǳ͢ĺүᣬȻʮ˺ү
˷ж¶𾪵ɫÿ˶²ݣһҰԪһŪڹ֮Уֱǵ졣
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽аɷȻһ

˷ľвɳ̾һ
ˣ
ǧǱһʧϵ˴峤ǰȥԮӦʦаˣϢûԼй¶˴峤й˵ס
ȱһۣԼ˹֮ս飬ﷵصʱ˴峤ҲУʱ˿ҲΪڵı¶˷ʡ
Ųǳ͢ĺүү㳯͢ЩݣһöûУҺŪ棬챾ͰʬΣ
һĹЦɭɭһ˫ںڵӣתѸ˾ʮ塣

û˷Ӧһݣ·һֻ𡣹ЮŹḷ́Ծ˵ٶȳȥȵ˷ֵʱѾֻβľ롣
ˣ
ͬʱһ󾪺
֮ԪһҲˡ
ף
ȻɫһףһƳŸվλץ˹ȥΪץסԪһ
ɵɵ
˵ĵУư˷ܵսȭͷ͸ܵɫ
Ԫһ涼ǵɽ˳֣ϱɡǰڼλͷڳưԼȥˡ
䣡
Ȼһ̣һıըӶߴ˵Ŀ£һ˿ѷɫĸȻ֮´ڱ
ǹޱȣһһִݿ֮ϯķǹǰ߶ˣһɲǣ桢ԪһǿߣÿжһСޱȵĸо
¡ҵײһһΣ߲
ⲻܣ
һɲǣ۾Բˣ¶𺳵ɫ
һ࣬ոջ棬ûüһ˵ڶ֡
ԪһĳȻıԼԲļͺͷ֮˫˻ĺɫ˶ˣ˵ˡ
Ȼһ̣âһһһֻӰͬʱգͬʱһӴĻ

ʯ䣬ƺƣ磬»Ӱ£һɲǣһɿֲϯԪһĳ׵ɣԪһζһ£ɫ΢΢һף˳ɡԪһһʵҲԵֵеѪĶ
𾪣
ޱȵ𾪣
˭Ҳû뵽ֻʮ˾꣬пһ꣬ת֮Ȼܱ˾޴ҽԪһɾͷĹ
ôܣȻ˸ߵΪ
ÿ϶д𾪣Ȼ𶯵ĪԶˡԭΪֻϺԼ൱ǻ侳ʥ侳Ϊû뵽Ȼͺ࣬Ϊȴ˦ʮǧ
һΪ֮ӣǵһΣڲΪ϶׵׵˦
ǳ͢еˣô
мޱȡ
ҲΧ˵𺳣ʱ˿̣Ԫһĳ֣ԶնȻޱȡ
컯
ԪһվڲԶݺݵĶ壬к硣
ϣҹȻûп㣬ʦȫһ֮ѣҵ뿪
Ǵ컯СȻϼһĵӣ
ʱ˿̣𺳵Īˣ־ŭۺһŨŨļʺ̰
컯µһаԪһֶԸаķΪľаһ湦аһɣԹ¼书ٳɵĵһ
ֻϧ㲻㣬󣬻аˣվһ
նݲ紵ķټץ㣬ðʦСҪ־͹ķΪʦɡ
ʱһֱվ£ɫûôڵҲ˵ˡ
Ŀ䣬˫Ŀ絶㡣
ͬһʱ䣬Ԫһ˸лͤҲ壬ĿޱǰĴͷֽм䣬ÿжӿһɱ
Ĵ컯ؼȷѪ꣬˺òײŽ֮Ȼʱ꣬аһٴξ˵Ұ֮С
Ԫһлͤ桢棬ǵһ׮󰸵Ĳߣаһ˳֣ݵ
ô飡ǴʦȻ˵ӣһ
ʱ˿Ⱥĺ󷽣ưɫ࣬Ŀ屬컯ʱ򣬼ư˼ǿҵĸӦĸоֻĴ
ưǵԼжûиӦϤֲϢˣмȿ־ޣƵļʡ
ϼһҷôģֻСȴʼղϽҡƵҲò辶ˣɵ϶벻϶ûȻ֮󣬾Ȼ˵ӣѲϴҵĴˣˣϲһҪʬΣ
ǿҼʣʹüưɫ࣬Ŀȫǡ
Ŀɱˣʱ˿̣ǰˡ
ܼưεޣʱ˿̣λаͷڵĵطѾƬ򣬵֮ġ
սţսһ
аǴаҿˣˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ⱥ֮У֪˭ֵĽһȵҽעƽĺˮ֮Уǰɢ澪̣ȥź󷽵ڶȦߣ̶ʱڣɰǧԭһֵߣ׷ײֻʵȥΨ˰벽
ЩһͷԵ˵ϡ
ΣͺǰǸʮ߰꣬ؼµĺһ㣡
컯
ɽľѧ֪ߵа¡ߵѪʬͳġÿһ컯߳ɾζߵڵϣΪǳɳϡ


1383 ̸Ц
ҲΪʲôưˣ£Ԫһ֮⣬˾Ԫ׺ŷĳϣԼưļءΪаʵ̫죬̫ɲˡ
ΪﵽаķֵزýӴżʮɵľ룬ܽԷڵѪȫΪһɹѪٴ뺣ӿڣΪԼΪϡ
аµһȺսѧԽ࣬Խܷ
ɽУΪɱаķֹһΰɱÿһζ˴ǿߣĽֻǱķɱһһ顣Խ࣬ʵԽǿ
ͺֹƣһҲ·ԶܶõսķԴԼĵϼȡ㹻
һԪһͷǳãҿԷֵľѧֵ֮ɽУҪɵķĲ֪֪ûһܹɹԪһ

Ⱥ·ˮ߰ȥֻգۼ䣬壬ԪһΧ˴ƬĿռ䡣˺˵ĵӶһľԶ壬һɫ԰ף׷ȥ
ſң
Ȼ뿪ȴŷץסֱۡ
ȻڲԵʱСǸ˵ĵӣ˭ҲȲң컯¡Ĺ̫ΣաǴ컯˱ѪҶܲˣ˵ˡ
ŷ
ϡ
ⷭȻķɫӣŷ㽫Լս

ܹ£ﵽ۹۷ģȻûһ֮
һ࣬սģŶˮǿңңԼĴͷвһ¡书ɭܣԪһĳһ糱ˮ㷴ݣʮϷԼлͥĸ׶ԸĽɫ
Ҳսǿߣ֮£ɾͷҪǿҲóĲɱ
ϧҵĴ컯߻ħÿʹһΣͼһƣҪȻĿԽǧѷĻᣬĥգսһ
а
սϵĲɱɽеĲɱȫһģ۵ÿڵѪսҪտĶࡣֻǿϧ˶ϲܵΪ͢á
һ㣬˭Ҳı䲻ˡ
棬ǵӲС֪ǳ͢½ȻҶɱ
һ̧ͷԪһ棬ЦһɲǣһӴͳ˧ϢϱȻ˿ѷɫԪһˡ
Ȼֻʮ߰꣬ôս˳ᢣӳⷽ٣ָǧɵȣջۣµĴȣֻԪһ˶硣ϢҲ˷츲صı仯һ۵ᱲߣ׳һԺԪһ˷ͥĴڡ
һĻлͥƤֹ
ķСˣ
ԭΪķЩܻѾ൱ˣرΪѾǼˡյĵӣô̵ʱ䣬ǿҲޡҲǺͼưࡣ
˭뵽յӣȻô¡
ٺ٣Сӣɣڳ͢ǺһöûСʲôˣ䵽Ҳɱɱһаԥ
Цһ˵ţһ߲ϱƽ
⣬Сӣ㲻ҪĸڣˣԺĸ˵ŶԵдˣ
ССͣȻ˸ߵΪҰѴ컯ֵزһǺʦһ֪¶ɱ˶˵ĹķѾʮ뷣Ȼ˲пɱΣҶ㣬Ǿ͵Ժ󻹲֪Ҫɱ
Ԫһ۰ڶģ˿顣
ʦͽ㻹ɣ
лͥʱҲ˵
˿ºѻ뿪ˣ
ԶıӰͻȻڵ˷ܵʱֻһŽʯ㣬һ
Ԫһлͥ桢棬λɽľͷڶûг֣Ϊ˺ϻڷֹܣѾ¶ģҪԶˣ
ˣ
ӵĻ΢̧ȥһأϸʱֻԪһлͥ桢棬ֲĸλγ֮ƣý롣
һһֻҪڿնҪܣ˾ܽӿѹص档
Թа˺һûһβֵġԪһǣҲһͻ򶷣˫ˮһڡƲļλͷһλڰаķʱ
¶Ҫ壬˫Ǿٴϵġ
ӡ
عͷƳһۣƺʲôЩǡ
ȴǵȻһЦûн͡
֪ΪʲôǸðԼ㱻Ǹ˵ĵӣӶȴ˿޲һ
һ˺ֻ࣬ǿһʱἵǿˣ˦ʮǧʾͻɢʣµľǷĵľ壡
岻ֹĸ򳬹Լ书ԼġȻ԰ԸǾ£Ҳʣʮ߰ͣﵽΪԪһĹ
Ĳ˵һ㣬԰ˡ
һ࣬岢֪ӵ뷨ȫλаɾͷϣվҲȻû˿η塣
棬˽Թ͢׶֪书ǿɽк޼ɣײβ˺һݵɡ͢һ򲻲ɽ飬˵ɾûа취ˣŲžƾǽΪһֽ¾ͿԵǧЩɽķȫɾ˺ǿѵֵܵ͢ǧɣ
һ˵һ˵Ϻȡ
սϣָӳⷽ٣ɱ¾Ĵʳ˾а֮ڡΪӵͳ˧˵һģȣԪһɾͷǰҲͬЧ
Ԫһû˵ʲôȴ̲סͫһ΢΢ɫ
ɺͳͬ͢磬һֱ˫Ǿˮˮ͢еĹԱŭˣֱӾǸֱӸɵЩ͢Աǹٸ޷á


1384 а
Ȼˣһͻʲôɶܺͳ͢࿹⣬Ȼǿóɱȴһɢɳ㣬óϣŪһˣ߰˸ˣʮѾǼˡ
ǾӲͬһս١ǧʮľĬϣһ塣
ټϾе佫Ķս⻷ܹһ˵ʵʹþӵ͸ǿˡ
һľȻȲߣǳǧľӶϣ󷨵ķʽɱȥûκʵֵܹ֮
һ¶˼ɵɫ͢ô׶Ը
аа˵컨׹ûãȻаɱ¾Ǿעֻ·һ˵ʲôͽ޹
ԪһǰޱȣΪµ䣬ᱻ仰в
ͤܣָɵ
ԪһЦ
ˣ
δ䣬һŨҵɱԪһһţһ̣ԪһȻѡ
¡
һɲǣɽѣǧԪһϱԴӵԪһһν߷˼㡣
ֻ˲Ϣ䣬뵽˼ΣյĳӸ£ŭһ㣬ϯ¡һɲǣ嶼΢΢ɫЩ֮ơסˡû뵽ԪһλͷԶԼĻҪѶԸĶࡣ
˵һУûл˵䣬λɽͷѾˡ
Сӣ־͹ǸΪʦɣ
ͬһʱ䣬һ𡣽󣬺У벻ԶĵطҳҲˡһ񣬹ĺ̺ͬ˰Ĺ䡢ǧХţڰһתǵأɽΪ޾ĸŵ¡
ʬɷҲ桰ݴǹ£ӵصӿ
˻ϴ
а
ͬһʱ䣬˸лͥ棬ȫָꪣһްӿǣ壬ֹܡ
ˣ
ĹǿϢ͵ϣոѹӴѹס壬ֱϢ˷пһĻˣ޲Ϊ֮ɫ
Сˣ
ʯ䣬ıӰԺͬͷɽ磬ûκ˿ͬʱֵĸ˵ĹԼ˵ˡ
˲ˣ
Ϣ˷ǵضԺжһͷ컯ûлָ֮ǰʱ桢Ԫһ֣Ѿˣϴ峤Ҳ˵御ٶִ컯
ڣʱ˾Ѿɲˡ
䣡
һɰ¡¡ɽ緢һ㣬ĵ֮У߾ɲǼ䣬»ӰٴθգһɺƴҲϱ
û˿ԥ˲ʩչˡ컯һɹţг̶ңңĺ˳ȥ
ʮ湦ִ֮ʮ󶥼ѧκһŶѾѰ˵ԼǴʱ˿̣Ƭµһ湦̫޼Ԫɹı֮ǰȴԵɺϵͬʱеſѧ
¡
㾲ۿһʷǰĴսȻʱͻȻ֮䣬һ󾪺Ⱥд͸ȵľ֡

쿴
ɽɽаķ

Ԫһʼʱ򣬸û⡣е񶼷ڻɱϣȺһ䣬Ԫһлͥ桢ȴжһ͵̧ͷ
Ҳʱ˲ŻȻȺĸǣĿꡣ˳ŵȺĿ⣬Ԫһ̧ͷ֮Сֻ֮Уԭֻй½ϼ⣬аشɽ塣
Ǵʱ˿̣Ӱ仯ǰеġ񡱣ͺǾĻҿһ󣬶յĻҲԽԽʵͺƮĻ񣬴һ磬ʵһ
ֹˣ¡¡ɽһѷ죬ϸ˿Ӱһֱ쵽˵棬Ҳϸ֣ͺһ˫εľסѷߣмһ
ɽҪˣ
ʯ䣬һͷԪһԺзӶšԪһ˵Ļǰиֵģһжʮɸߣɫŭߡ
һۣĿؼ䣬°Ĺâ
аۣ
ǵߴ󡱵ӰԪһΪ۹۷Ĵڣһǿޱȵġزﳤһ̣Ҳ΢΢ɫ

һԣǵɽͰ㣬ĿӰҳȫɫ䣬ʧһɲǣλɽ˾аͷͬʱһļɵη壬˵ǿ־塣
˵Ӱ
ʱ꣬˻ǵһ۾˳аͳɽǶʱ䣬ҳֻԪһлͥаͷûкаû
˭ȫûаǰռˡرаˣǶаηЫﵽ̸ɫĵزʱɽ˵û˸˵аۡߡķ⼸֣ͳͳǳƺǸˡԻеĲ
䣡
ҲĴͷе𶯣гаķ޴ĻӰһ˲䣬е߾һ㣬֣ȥǺܶڣ˶а۵Ŀ־壬Ҳһ㣬޷
ߣа۳ˣҪɱˣ
һʱ䣬˷׷ܡ
ԪһǺôĵӣ
ҿ˭ҵͽ
УǾ޴аķĿ㣬սһ˵Ԫһҳлͤδ䣬ۣ˷ӿΪһֻɽɫƣײ㣬Ծ˵ٶͬʱԪһ˹ȥ
ħͷ
Ԫһɫ䣬һˣȴдϲ
ʦ
΢΢ֱʱ¶һ˿Цݣϸȥɫ磬ƺϵһĻ
䣡
û˿ԥըʦа˺Ԫһײһһɲǣֻһض·ѿˡƺƣ̳ʮ֮ߣаķһ̫ͻȻˣԪһ滹ҳȫϮ⧲
Сˣ
ʱһһֱûô֣ڸλ˸лͤͻȻеλȥ
˻ϴ
û˿ԥлͤӱʩչĿ湦꣬һεչлͤǰշ·ʵ壬лͤסĵطΪģһѺ۷·˷Ӷȥ


1385 ؿ
˻ϴ֮µһκǿķлͤǰ԰лͤſ׷ȥһΣһƬҶ㣬һɿ񱩵ЮţεضѸپ߿֮С
лֻͤüƳһۣͿУâһͺһĭ㣬ͻȻʧ

лͤǸ罭ƺһĻҲһ£ĵ֪δ
ǴɽĽƣ
ܿ죬лͤһͷ׹ˡ
аķ֣ɽȥˣ
һӶߴԪһƮƮǰ̤һлͤͬſУɫص
ɽĽƳ״ˣ
ƺӦԪһĻ֮Уǵһֱ쵽ϸѷ죬ͻȻٰ⿪¡¡ضҡ˵ĿУϼͰشɽĻӰʧˣȡ֮ģһɢģһģںɫĲ޷壬Ӿ޴Ŀռѷ棬ĳǰ
ΡȻվĲ߷建֣ÿжһֵĸоͺʥĴɽֻǿռ۵ɽҲ۵˿ռ
ֱʱ۵Ŀռ򿪣صĴɽֻĳ˵С
쿴
ͻȻ֮䣬֪˭һ̣˲ָķ˿ɽ´һ޴ʯʯӲʯ죬浶ĿŽɫ壺
ɹر֮أԵ֮ˣ
ʮĿޱȣûСһɲǼ䣬Ƭһӱˡ
ǴɹǴɹ
һɢ߿ʯһ۾ü٣ͨ۾ϸֳǿҵ̰
̫޼ԪɹǿѧֻҪֵ֪ģûв֪ġ
Ԫһġز೤ָ֮ս֮˫лͤġ˻ϴӲǿޱȣġݴаķġ컯ǵһһĿѧ
κѧһţԺ£Ϊӵľ뢰
ᵽĹܺεȵ󣬶Ҫڡ̫޼ԪɹǰȻʧɫʮѧڹںӸɡֵģҲֻ̫޼Ԫɹ
ɹɹֻҪҵŹҾܳԪһаķˣش򿪣µһҵˣ
һɢͻȻֵĴɽಣû˷Ӧһݣ㳯Ŵɽȥ
ԪһлͤǸոճֵаķЩ˶ɽηľۣǴʱ˿ֵ̣ͷµһѧջ£ѾûԪһаķˡνھǰǵɽ𺣣Ҳûˡ
˭Ҹҹ
һɢ߲Ÿոճ𣬺ܿ죬һ۵糸Ծ˵ٶȳĺĴȥ

ǰɢ߷Ӧ̴һͷԵڵأȻ
ɹҵģ˭ȵõɹ˭µһˣ

ƬǧƵǰͺ̣һѷĳŴɽֵĵطӿȥ
Ⱥ˲һƬҺͷ񣬿Щ۾ͨӣ˵ĵӶ¶ľɫҲû˸ҵǰ
ô죿
ͬһʱ䣬˾ԪףŷҲԾԪһԣһȻΪ˶Ըаķ̫޼ԪɹͬҲ˵Ŀ֮һ
컯ӵмȱݣȱֻͨɹֲӸոյķѾ뵽˴ɽ֮УҵŹʱ򲻵һͬʱ컯ʹɹſѧֻһžѧѾɽȷѪ꣬Ϊ̸֮ɫˣżޣɽ罫˿ʱɾĴͷˣ
ŷҲڵĿǡȫһƬңٲ֣ͽȻʧˡ
𼱣űؾô׵õԽоܹԽõɹȵȵ˵
ԪһǰɫصΨе߾֮ΪԪһ֪ԽǿıԽգô򵥡
ˣ
˵ôһԶƺӦԪһжϣǰɢ˸һ£ھͻȻֵĴɽʮĵطʧ
һĻ˾ԪףŷƤһıɫЩ˳ϵʵһɲȻҲûпЩɢôʧġǵˣǵϢҲ˵ĸ֪ʧˣͺƾһ
ҪǣЩʧķʽһģһ
尡
˭ȳȥ˭ˣ
ɹˣ

Ȼʱ˿̣Ի󣬽״̬һȿֺΨֵ˱˵ĺ棬ûзǰı仯㷢Ҳû⡣
ˣ
һһٸٸٸԽԽһԵĳȥһһϵʧھɽʮĵطΪȳɽñ˶Իǰߴ֣ڿз裬漫Ȼҡ
˻ûȥ͵·ϣһһĻ˵аӶ׷Ϊ֮ɫʱ˿̣˳УҲᱻ˳䣬֧顣

ͻȻ֮䣬һġĲҽǰɽڴʼʱֻһ˺ҽ˷ëȻ
Ĳҽһˮ£ɲǼ䣬ԭȿֺһǰ壬һߴֵɽ߶ʱ˲٣ͣ˹ǰĵӶͣ˽Ų˾ɲ
Сģл
һɢͣ˽ŲĲ
ЩëȻĲҽ̼˶ʱ侲ע⵽ǰͻȻƾʧĴߡ
֪ⱦûôõ֣
мɵѣȻһдηޱȡ
ЩȥߣΪ֮£ô̵ʱ⵽˶֣ǻտ֪
ٺ٣һȺ޵࣡
һĻеӡԪһһûг֣˴򶨵ȴԪһǽȻͬԪһԤееգǵȴЩ̽·
ҼЩ˰ѱõֻ֣Ҫڳڵĵط˭õ˴ɹ󶼵ùԹ׸ˡ
߰ɣڸˣ
ʱһҳһãһʮɣԽˣǰȥ
ͣʱȻҲ˳ֵʱ
ˣ
˵ʱʱ죬Ÿո̤һɲǼضҡոĴɽУһҫ۵ĽͻȻֱȻֳһת޼ͼ


1386 ͻӸ
ǽɫͼֺƴ͸һΪ֮ɫԭѾ侲ǿ⣬һѪӿ˫ٴαͨ졣
ΪΪʳڴɹĴ̼£еηͿ־ֱȫ׵Ժ
ˣ뻢Ѩɵûӣ
һɢ͵شһԾ˵ٶȳ˹ȥˣâһһֻʧ٣ܿ죬ԭͣٴ궯׷׳Žķ˹ȥȿֺʧ˴ɽС
˵棬˱Ѿ˹ȥһĻɫʱѿޱȡ
ЩĶ
ɫ͵һĳֻһҽУǰʮɢߴֲķѣ֫ϱܡЩɫ֣׷׳ΧɢȥǸȫû󷽵棬ĳǰȥʧ˾ɽʮĵط
ȫҳɽ˭ɹ˭͵
ۿԽԽ߳뵽ɽУҲסˡ
ǣ
λ˵ĵɱڣһ׷׸泯ǰȥ
ͤ黹ЩΣȴ˽ȥ̽һһʱӦ
ԪһҲͻȻڵüͷ壬ǰĵطء
ȻҵģǴɹľǼ٣Ҫһ̽

ԪһйâһͻȻڿն˲Ϣһ㣬֮ʧ˴ɽ֮С
ȥɽһбʣʱӦ
лͤƮƮԪһʧ棬ܿعѸһϵеĲá
û֪Զһ˫۾һֱĬĬעһУֱʱջĿ⡣
£ɽ°ݵɽֶˡ
ھɽ֮һɽϣһߴ˶ӰĻعͷ̬ǳĹ
ǺǣݹȻ˲żüãһȻûһߣ
߸ߵɽϣǵ趯죬һüĿһͲԭ˵΢ЦŵӴһԭ˵ĺɫۣһֻѣ봹£ӭڶһƮݳζ
뵽ԭĺ˲֪ǺһôŨϢһͲͨ
жݵڣһϳҾѣΪƶպĶͻ
ʷǡιʦ
λͻʵ书ǿޱȣ󶼻ثԶͻʵжһǱƻ˵ثΪ˶ԸרʥҪһϾеĽ죬һ׺ϻ󷨡
ڰʷǡιʦڶͻʾкͳ̫͢Ȥ˶ͻ½ܵ󲿷ʱײβͻʵĿɺ˹
Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽λͻʺպ£ȻڴʱڴƵ⴦ɹĳ֮ء
£ǸǴû뵽ѰҴɹȻλ˹ɺܱжд̣ɵޱȣ˭뵽ڴƾʦȻ
һǿĹȻܹԪһǶͻʵĸ֮
ʷǡιʦ࣬ͻʵĸԶɽķ¶𶯵ɫ
һ˹֮սһɺ֮սսһնɱ˴ʳľ񣬽ʳӢս֮Ӳõͷڵܱûв֪λġ
ǸԪһҳȫǵĸ֣棬ԶʤݵɾԶռᵽĻҪǿҺЩ䲻ΪƳ͢ãĻôߵĹǶͻʺ֪Ҫˣ
һͻʵĸҲڵĿԶ¶ľη
֮УǶٶݵ߲֮ģȻĿⳡսÿһ˶չ¶ʵ𺳵ˡ
ΣԪһǿҳǿǸƵǿѵܱȵǵ𣿡
ʱȿڵĶͻǿȻһЦԵİʷǡιʦ
ʷǡιʦӭ˵ĿЦ
£֮УðǸһ򾡣ΪǶͻʺ
ȿڵĶͻǿ߹ӣ
ǺǣƵ̫ڻʵ˵һ仰ΪΪֵͷĸֵҿɱͷѪˡǲôżݵĸɽɱһ󣬵ȵʱˣٳʰо֣֮
ιʦԣڵĿ䣬ǺЦƺеһжƿ֮С
վɽעԶƬ̣ܿʧ

ҲĶʱ˿̣ɽУâһ԰Ѹ׹¡оԼ·һ뵽һ磬ǰֳȻͬһĻ
ʦ
ǰһע⵽·۴ʦаˡ
ţ
аɫأ֣һ͵а˵ߣ
ô˵ϲأ
а˹ĵһ˵ţһְϣͬʱһӴ뵽ڣƽڵơ
ãȷʵرǸԪһǸʵѲͿңȴһ̵ֱŷѣȻ۾뢣
忪ڵ
ԪһĳΣĳǸǲ˼ɵģʩչôֶΣ˵߲˻ȨޣԪһжĻɣȴʼûг
Ԫһ˳Ǹֶιˣļأ˿ЩаˣֻǱչ¶ѡҵͺܲϲ򽻵Ҳ֪ҵĶ֣һܿңƵС
ȻթɣƣĳȷʵҵȻ޳ɴ컯Ҳûа취κεˣߣܹѾ൱ˣ
а˳
Ƥû뵽ʦԪһôߡ
ھսӲսڹûлָĶ֣ʱ潻֡
а˵
ͽףԪһȷʵǸǿУǰܵʦϢҲݲȵĺ潻֡

ͬʱԪһ桢лͤĴͷΧ濴˵һԶˡɽûʽѾǰ֪еı仯ҪǣһɲǣͻȻоʦϢҺȡϵ
ԪһΪһжƿ֮У˵Һ·


1387 ʦͽף
ˣʦһеô£ɽʯе˺ܾãʼղǵټҴɽûгôеġУǰͼˣأ
ʵ⼸飬˵ȫһƬհס
˵Һǰȥ̽һȥȥͻأû뵽ԪһĴ˸֡ǰ书ߣһòȵǻѾûˡҹҲȥҴɽԴǰд峤ǰ
һǰ͹ǸոմͷһӴĹ󷨣󷨱仯̫죬һûü׼ͺǰд峤ָ󷨷ǳӣǣһȫһ᲻ͣı仯Һʹ峤Ѿܾˡ
ܽ⿪󷨵ľֻǰˡѾյϢ취ȫ󷨣ֻǶʱڣ»ûа취
а˳

ͺһŷӦпմΧ
֮ǰʱûע⣬еȫʦϣֱһ̣ŷΧââһƬ£Ҳ񵱳ġԻ󡱣ȴǿöࡣ
꣡
ҲʱһĴͻȻӲԶ
ŤͷȥֻһԭŵãϴɵӵķΣصڵϡ˵ѾȫֿˣֻһƤڹǼϣҴıƺǰ˼ʹ
ĿһɨõΧûʮ֮ࡣ
Щǰɽˣһֱû뿪
һϤӶߴаͻȻڵ
ʱˣط򿪲ֹһΡ
û˵ȴ˲
һ壿ɽԼ֣ȫҪرͼԴɾݣȫִ󡣡
忪ڵ
һ㣬ǰҲ˵ʱ¶ۡ󷨼ϣǿʧûκ˻ܲóǿ󷨡һ˵󷨾Ǵɾõģ㲻ıأҲضͱ֮ĳϵǵ塣
а˺һϸΧѾкܳһʱ䣬˼˺ܶʹɹйصĶģγû
ˣ
ʱ򣬵ضҡܵĿռͻȻû巴Ӧоռһֻεľ߬סȻ˦ɲǼ䣬ʱɫ
󷨱仯
Ժ˲һͷ
ǰͷϡѧϰ󷨵ĶҲ֪󷨷Ϊ󷨺󷨡ν󷨾ǲ֮һκεı仯󷨾ǰ󷨷ΧӴ󣬲кλû᲻ͣı仯Ҫǣ󲿷ֱ仯󷨶׼ΣأһУܻų
ӦѾˣÿʱ仯һΣеλòһɲ䣬Ұǰ˵Ӧаԣֱ仯һλûܰȫһ̾пΣءãλʮʱڻǰȫģʱʲô⣬ҲҰԭ򡣡
ʦô֪Щģ
ԣϳֵֹֹɫʦȻ书ǿһûʲôر裬Щ˵ģǡ
ЩҵȻ֪ǰ˵ġҲ뵽һ֮У󷨵ı仯֮Ҫȫöࡣʱ֮ǰƶھҲԶĵطЩ˵ģ˵ʱң󷨱仯λþͻغϡ
а˽͵ƽޱȡ
ԣࡣͼ󷨷ʦ뢣Һִܿ󷨴ʦΪʱ֮˾ͻۼһӦòд
ԽǹϵԽΣգֵطҶܿӦȻ󲽲֮С»ǵȺǰ֮㣡
а

˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬һĺӲԶһһޱȡɫһ䣬վ

ҵ
ʲôطأҪأ

̴٣ǺëȻһķ˹ȥȻֻȻֹΧٴαȻÿ¡ȻֻƬ̣һĲҽֻһλãȴƮ׽
Ȼһ֣˸е¡
Ӧˣ
а˫ţ΢ͷ
Σգȴ̰̫أóȻ˽ֽҲ⡣
аɫĮЩɽߣûκεν²λʵ΢̰ͼµһ湦а˶ˣûʲôøС
׼һ£ǵĿҲˣ
аͻȻ
һܿҲоʲô׹ȫ
¡¡ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬Ŀռٴֻһκ֮ǰͬ
䣬ĸоУռҵͺһигһصĻʲôͣû巴Ӧ˷һɫ·ӿĲһ㣬ķӿ
ɫռ䷢͵ĸ֮
ж
һݣʲô˲Ϣ䣬ڵɢסԲߵľ롣ͬһʱ䣬аҲ΢ͬͷųһİסΧ
ֻͣƬ̵ʱ䣬ɫĶӿգסʦͽˡӿ£ȻеĶаʵޱȣȫ赲⡣
ʵﵽаּ𣬼൱ڡٶ֡ĶǸܶ
ҵ۾۾
ȻʦͽרĵֵʱͻȻһҽŵײײӰӶ֮Уڵķ
ᣡն񣬽ԸҪ־͹Լ
а˱۾ɫӲͷҲ̧һӱѣаֹƺƵ˼ȻΪõԭаѾܶࡣΪԶϮǧμ˹֮սƶԸʳ
ҲֻǶڳ͢ˡЩˣа̬ǽȻͬû˱ף˵սթᣬɲң㡣ֵˡ

ҽڼʹ絶һ㡣忴Ǽӱ𴦳ڵŤӰ̲ס̾Ϣһʦ˼ҵ˼βʵϣ̤ʼܸоʦԸƺһЩ΢ı仯



1388 ʦĽ
ˣǲܼȰ
аԺͷܿվ¡糱ˮˢѸٽЩҺϯ䵽˽¡Щ˫۾ھҵĳ鴤
ȥ
ӻȡһöҩžһһߵĿУͬʱһİЩڡһ̣һɹɫǵëסѨ֮˳
ϥ£ר˹

֪ûж⣬֪Χأɢҵæϥݶڹ

а˼״Ҳ̾һ
Ҳգ
δ䣬аһӿϯ⼸ɢϵԼ֮У¡һĳڵĶȻжʼսأͲԸ̫ǡаվֲԼӡ
̫Ϊϰգֵگ˹صˣΪ˴ƣԿʵԼǿöĴʳֻ߱ʦĴưհٰ⣬ᣬȴʼղЩԸʦһ㶼
Ҳǡǡаӵĵط
һ࣬а˷ǵûиıԼӣǱӸıࡣ
а˳֣⼸˵ĺܿȶ
ʦлл
忴ŲԶʦаˣ͸һ˿ɫ
ˣˣֻС϶ѣҲֻǾֶΪ֮˭ҵĵأ
а˰˰ֵ
ԣʱЦ֪ʦֻӲҲ̫ԼڳҲһ֡
ʱȥĿһͻȻ֮ܵʲô
ֶʱƵģһʱͻɢȥ
ĿֻΧɫϡԽԽֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ɢøɸɾ
ȿȣ
ʱһ͵͵ĿСΧһа˻еɢڻعչ˵ɫ΢΢Щ԰ף޴󰭡

ͻȻһɢĿ⿴ԶаˣЫ˫ֳڵϣ৵һȥ̿
аааˣ
˵ѣɢҲȫŲԶɫĮɽͰ㴣аˣһɢɫ԰ף֣̿׷ȥһĿаˡ
ɽ磬аķ˲֪˲رƬ֮ǰ˲ŸոտڰͶĻ񣬴ʱۼˣв̿֡
ߣ
һɢҲ룬һ磬˳ȥѸʧ١
һĻҲûֹֻ񶸵ıñͬһʱ䣬аҲһ˿ɱָսֻɿ
ôħͷ
ɢɫ԰ףҲ˹ȥ
忴һĻԽ䡣
޴УΣأû⣬ЩˣֻһΣûʩԮֵ˼·ԼѡģѾȹһΣپǵڶΡ

ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ֻӶĲҽԶϢڣûгȥɢɫսս·ʲô
ûǡʱѾȫҪġ
ŻһʱǰͼˣӦþͻˡ
аһˣһ̣˫֮Դ硣ɲǼ䣬ǰʱ仯һ½롢ۼǰ
øӵ磡
֮Դ󷨾ǧƵĲͬɣ󷨵ʱ򣬾ͬһֻΡȻɽһ㣬вСĸо
ֹˣգͼ۲֮ԴطʱԸоһĸţԼ֮Դܹ۲ķΧС˺ܶࡣ
ӦǴɽΧƲЧ
Ȼ֮Դ磬ҰͨϰӰ죬ȴԸӰ֮ԴĹ۲졣ĸ֪Уɽһεס
ӦѾ˰ɣ󷨲ֻһ󷨣ͬʱһĴ󡣵ǰǴǬ֣֮ЩʧӦ൱һֻ㼯󷨱仯Ҳű仯ÿһžһֲͬǰһǧദҵеĹɣǺѴ뿪
ʱһϤӶ
ʦ
һע⵽Աߵʦ
֮ԴĽǶȿȥʦڵܣκһҪǿ󡣶忴ȥʱһ۾Ϳʦ۾۲֮ͬԴ磬ʦ۾һĽɫ
ֽɫĸоǳ߼֪ΪʲôܸоԼǰϤĸо
ˣ
һ̣һԺԼǰֽܹɫĸߵȼˡ
ʦ㣡
͵۾
˹֮սʳսײոͻ΢ʱҲֹֽɫ΢Դʱĸߵȼ
ѵ˵ʦʱµĽѾ΢
һɲ־ϲһ࣬аƺҲϤе뷨΢΢ףЦ
̫ˣ
õʦ϶Ļظݺ߬һȭͷ˷ܲѡ
ϴκǸĵս֣ΪʦȷʵЩ򣬵κڵ߻ħʦһ㡣ּδǺ¡
а˵
аĵľӣôͽܣ̳²ģģҲֻһѡεҪľΪ塣Լ޹ؽҪˡ
ͽף
˵ͷڵǧ֣һ΢пʹߣǻǸˡ
׼һ£Ҫ仯ˡ
аͻȻ
¡¡ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬ٴתһΣյϢ˲Ϣ佫ڵչ󡣲ĿӹΧɢߣԥһ£ǽЩɢѸ뵽Լ֮С
ʱ仺ȥɽΧʱʱһܼĲҽ֪жʱϵĴСͼתһʦԼڵ⴦ţ˵ΣջǺܴԼʦʵ˵ôΣա
ʱʱ֮Դ磬ʦ֣ͼĽǶҵϴеĹɡ⣬Ҳʹþ̽飬յЧȴ̫á󷨵ӳ̶ȳԽȻҲջ񣬵ҪɾµĹ󷨣ңңڡ
õȵǰֲС
аʦԼóĵطȻ书󷨡


1389 ͼˣ֣
Ƭ̣ܿӻȡһǲ֮ǰӺϵõǱնݡ֮ǰʱҲԣһЩΪʱִ٣ûüȫꡣ
ΧĵģһЩӿ󷨱仯һ󲿷ʱ仹԰ȫġ
£ͼ˵֮ǰԵͷǱⱾնݡ
ǼɢܰʱԶԶģʦͼ֮ԴҵеĹɣһʱ֮䣬ûע⵽ԼеⱾնݡע⵽ҲֻǴҴһƳȻѸ뿪Ҷ࿴
ޣʶ޽磬һҶţֺֻ࣬˼Ϊ֮ݣ
Ԧ⣬ԦԦգɲ죬Գ֮Ϊݣ

һпȥȫⱾնС
ЩնأǾҲòϣϵЩѧȷʵԶԶڴ󲿷ܽӴǿöࡣ
֪ܿ뵽նУеĿھ
ն;ѧڹĹϵǺܴ󣬶еӰ켫٣նݣҲ߻ħҲѡѧԭ
ʱ仺ȥѾȫնݵİأϾǵ۹۷Ĵڣնݱ֮ͨҪ̫ˡ
ˣ
Ǳʱʦа˵ͻȻڶ
һ𣬶̧ͷֻջҰ֪䣬Ѿ˼ʱ춼ˡ
ӵĴڣȻ治򣬵ܹͨɫԷֱͺҹ
¡¡ҲǼʱ䣬ΧĿռٴӴƶ£ƶ
ķСӣ
ʱͻȻһͬһʱ䣬ֵбɲǷоһϤϢˣâһһ٪ߣϴŵۣͻȻӻɵ˳
ǰ
ͼˣվͬһʱ䣬ʦаҲ󲽼߹һߣһߴЦ
ϼһ㼸ʱˣ
аһ˵ţһߺͼıһ
ɿң϶Ӷ챻ˣ
ͼּаյͨ죬һŭţһýߴа˵ϥǡԭаôһֱӽ˫أ˰С
а˹һЦɿ˫֡
ͼ˺ݺݵаһۣһԵ壺
٣СӣȻԪһϷŪ֣а۵洫ӣûûʦϷСˣƾⷬɫϷҲҪ߿һۣ
ͼһӿɽ̡ӡ
һĻпЦá
ǣܣ̣ˣ
һ֮˺ܿ侲ʼǰĴ
ϼһʲô취𣿴ڵѾס߰˰ˣʱԽ󷨵ԽǿѾԺüˣûа취뿪
аǰɵһƬ
˵⣬ģµɢ⻰ݡа˵ʵ½֪޷뿪Ǿ͸Ӳˡ
ûô򵥣
ͼɫأ¶һ˿ǣ
ɾĻҪöܹ࣬һǧʮţһǧ˰ٰʮֱ仯ÿʱỵ̈ÿһεı䶯ͬҪЩ󷨵ı仯Ѿ൱ĸӣֻ㵽еһ֣ԲԤеʱǻҪҵ뿪İ취ȴԶԶ
ΪʲôҪ뿪ΪʲôȥɽѵǶҪɹ𣿡
ʱͻȻһһڽɢʶһڲŷӦԼ̫ˡаǰҲҲ죬ǲ
ߣЩǻûʲôɽ
ͼͻȻͷһġ
ܣôĴɽÿ˶ˡ
ɹµһ湦ıΧһΣأΣվõ̫ˣ
ɽһ󷨵ֻҪ󷨣һִܹɽ
ɢߵµһ湦Ŀʱѹ˶аһ˵Ŀ־塣
ޣһȺ󷨵㣬дɽɽһֻһɸߡ
ͼһ
ˣ
ͼ˵Ļɢ߻𣬴ľһɸߵĴɽǵȻǲܣһ⡣
ɲǼ䣬ΧһƬţվһû˵Ҳ¶˼ɫҲмʱˣ⼸ʱҲһֱַͨʽ۲졣
ʲôɽ
һлɣֻȵͼ˳֣˽ʽƶѡ
ôܣôĴɽ˶ˣôʵǼٵģҲ㣬Ҿ㣡
һɢ۾ݺݵͼˣƺ̼ܵһ㣬ֳһִ֡
Ϊµһ湦һ·ǧͨ裬һ·׷ɱҲۼ߷ͻ֮Ҳܵĸʴ˴йҪеһΪľܹõµһ湦гһΪµһ֡
ͼ˵һжǼٵģܹܡ
ҲǣЩƭӣ
ɢɫͺ˳һ㣬û˷Ӧ͵һͷǰɵ֮С

һĻɢ߶̲סֻôһѾʧˡ
ߣѬģѰ·
ͼһܿŤͷ
һ࣬аҲһﲻ·ԼѡģͼѾˣִЩΣյĵط˭Ҳֹˡ
˵󷨰ɣ֮˺üʱҪƶϳƶ仯Ĺɣ²¶һҲãÿһζʧˣÿһζһЩĪƫһָоƶһ㣡
ͼ˵
ʲô
а˶ǻһ϶¶˳Ծɫ
ôܣ
üͷ壬¶˼ɫôӴ󷨣Ӧܹٿصģ˸ܽǴɾǰõʱǰµĽۡһͼ˵ôʾȫһˡ
ϼһ㲻ں˵ɣ
һ࣬а˿ڵɫһƬء
ҲϣİٴΣÿζоԾϣҶɡ
ͼ˿Ц
ǰǰԹһЩ󷨷ĶҲңҲæһ㣬˵
ͻȻڵ


1390 󷨣
ڷϡߵʱѧһЩ֪ʶĩʱҲӴһЩ󷨣ֻǶϵˣѾ󷨷֪ʶһˡ
⡭ˣôҲûʲôð취Ҳһ԰ɣܱʲôҪá
ͼ˵ţһָ͵һһƾʱƿնͼ˵ָ趯ڵϿ̻ͼ
һӴԲ󷨣̺һǧţһֱ仯Ҫȫϳ󼸺ǲܵԾͼˣҲֻܻĳɵӡ
ҲѾ൱ˣȥ»úܶ˳ԾϾɾ󷨴ʦ
Щϵ󷨶ѾʧͼܹݳеĳѾ൱ˡ
иȻòϾǴɾ󷨣٣ͿԼˣֻŵĽһ¡
֮ǧ򻯣䲻ڣе󷨴Ӹ϶벻ݶžֻҪסؼı仯˵ܹ⿪еĴ󣬲Ҳֻ۶ѡ
ͼ˾ڵддһ߸彲ͼı仯һ߸һЩϵͳԵ֪ʶ
ͼ˴һʦҲûǸһֱȥͽܣͼѾ˺üʱһֱûкܴĽչ˽̽壬Ҳûиõˡ
Ҳɮ濴棬а˵ӻҪֵġ
ԣݶžÿһԣжӦһٶʮ˸ţ̺һǧʮб仯𣿡
ͼ˵Ľ˵ͻȻ˵
һ仰˵ͼɫһһֹ塣
ֻ彲һЩѾܹЩʵԶԶԤϡԣʵǼ侪ˡ
ӲֹϣϣҲһż侪˵츳ţ
ʯ䣬ͼӹһͷɿƳһԱߵаˣһɲǣһֵ뷨
ܼžͼ˶彲󷨵֪ʶ
ţţţڼţΣûôššţһЩ֮ڣΣأرţڶź;ţƽͣ൱뼪֮䣬ûôգҲûôȫʦʹ֮С
ҲϢ˼֮Уű仯У㲻Ҳƣڱûͣʱ䡣Ψ֮УԵõѵôϢ֮䡣֮УԵϢָҲ֮ǰʦ֮ԴϵңʱҪ뿪ԭǴɾ֮أһ뿪λãʦǿߣҲټΣա
ͼ˵˲١󷨱κĻҪΣգаﶼ˵ȫģҪ˵ˡ󷨷裬ҲֻԱѡ
֮ǰλãϣԼҲıȻҲỨôʱˡ
ǰ˵Ŵ󼪴ӦûΣղǣȻڲ֮ǰǾܵ󷨹˵ŰȫǵϢ֮أȫͬ
üͷ
ǺǣҲŲոպ˵ôע⵽㣬൱
ͼź룬͵Ƴһۣ΢΢˵ͷ
ֶô򵥡ֻŶԣûôգȫûΣաһŴ֮Уûʲôλãһ䣬ȫȫġνǣһȫһ󣬾ͻӦֻҵţп뿪
ţϢֻϢɲһֱġŵλãÿʮʱͻ仯һΣһλ߶ȵ֮ա޷ġ
ǡۣһ֮ҲӦֻһΣǴҽ뵽ڣҺʦѾιǰ˵ۡͬ
һ˵ţһ̧ͷͼ˵
˵ͼ󷨷ĴңǴġ廹Ĵͼ˵ĽУһЩʵĵط
ʦͽ˺üʱһܼǴġ
㣡
ͼĿ壬þ˵
Сӣϧˣôõԣʦ
ϼһͱˣϷǾܰԼĵøģϽͷɣ
ʱһаĿ⿴ǰȴһߵĶȴָơ
ķ뵽ȥˣϷʱ˵Ҫĵˣ
ͼɫڨڨе뷨ƣʱߵͨ졣
һ֮У̵ĶûоͿԿóΪߣ°ΪʵҲʲôĵӡһѣȴʼûдˣβż
鼱ҲϾܴ²ĵӣ˭ʤεġټԴǣ͸Ҳʵĵˡ
ͼҲû뵽츳Ȼôߡܶණո˵һ飬ϾͿԾһ
ϧʵǿϧǸһĵӣͿ԰ˡ
ͼжѣȴܰ¶
忴һĻаЦȻʱŹִ֣ͼ˵Ըȷʵͦɰġ
ǰǻ˵˵󷨵°ɡ

ͼһľᣬڲԶа˵û˵ȥ
Сӣĸоȷʵʮʱڣλóֶ壬ԲҲΪʲô˵ֵֹġΪۼԭ򰡣ǣôܰɾѾ꣬ˣҲѾȫϾڣʧù󷨵ûмѵ˵˱ҸĽ󷨺ģ󣡡
ûܰ
˵ͼüͷ壬˫ͷץͷƤ·ʲô޴һ֮һֱ԰ĵط£ҲûܹᲢۡ
еԼ࣬ϵ󷨡ͼڱ˵ͼȴָơ
λٸ߰˰Ĵɾ󷨴ʦͼ˵ѧȴѷʲôãƶϲейɡֲķ֮һйɶ㲻
Ӧá
Ҳͼڤ˼룬ôʱԭ
û˵΢ͷ­˼Ϊкһǿߣһ뵽󷨺ġޣһּǿ߳Ѿǲˣôɣֵڶ
ңԷȻѾģôбߣûбˡΣӦͣüʱȥѰȴһİ֮е߰˰ߡ
һľٶ
οµаɣԲ֮١


1391 ص
ǰͼˣĸодġѵĻʲôǵʲôܹʧĽ죬ܿôӴ󷨣
üͷ壬¶˼ɫ
ˣҲʱڤڤһⶸӹԺ֮пЩʮ֮꣬ǰ뵽ʬڴɹĴ˵ʮ湦ֹʦаǧѰġ
Ψһ̫޼ɹһֱޱΪֹûгֹɹ׵ûʷĳҲͰˡƫƫĺۼɽƺÿһʱ䣬ֻٴο
֮ǰʱ򣬻ûôϸ룬˵ĻʱһжѰһɲǣԺ뵽ʲô
ͼ˲֪е뷨Ȼо־˵츳Ȼڽ֮ʱľ޲ðһѧȫͼĴʦڣټ屾Ծˣ󷨷Ȼͻͽһǧ
ʱ仺ȥͼڴѧϰ󷨵ʱûж֪һطһ˫۾ĬĬעһСһһ֮Уڴĥ£߹һ㱻׷촷ۣ˫۾飬п˿
ΪΪʳȡ
עŴеı仯
лʣ¶ˣ
Χĵģܿ죬һ
ܹʮˣԼһʮˡ
ʲôôһˣ
˱˫֣仰͵ػعͷһ˫üͷ
˱ϴζܶ࣬ҲҪܶ࣬Ǹ³ˣ㻹ٶ⣬Ҳ桢桢Ԫһǿߡ
Χۼ˴ߣڣǵܵ˺ܴӰ죬ɱԶԶԤڣ󷨶ܵһЩӰ졣
˶٣ŵ
лϴεаۣɽ紫Ǹɱ˲գ۵ĴħͷһԣһΣߺ˸󷨸֣аָܵ㣬ȻŵλһǺֶܶζ޷ʩչ
ߣʲô󷨸֣ĩʱŴ󷨵ʧЩСѣѲ㻹ΪܹɾµĹ࿹𣿡
Ϊ׵
ף
æͷҶ˵
ôݣȻ̰ɾıأҪȫû׼ĵԪһ棬ֻǸаۣҶҪȫ
ǣ

λã֮Уϵͻͽͼ˶Ϊ֮̾ѣҲԽԽϲ̵ֻ˳Ϊ֮ؼͻƵǰ֣ǵ˺ͼ˼ϲѾȫ˳ȥ£͵͵Լ̵ӵ˽ܼᡣ
㣬λһжֱ仯
ʮ֣
Ҳһ˴𰸡
Ƕλأ
һʮ֣
һ˼⣬˼
㣬һھλãʱᱻ󷨵ƵţƵţ
ͼʵɫޱȡ
ÿʱ仯һΣûܲȡȷжԼʮΣʱ֮ᱻƵŵλãŵŽֻʱҪ󷨵ϱɣ
ԺԽתԽ죬ϸȥͻ֣ᷢԺУһӴ㹹ɣÿһ㶼ڲͣײת
㣬һ֮УҪЩţٲܻصţҪٲܻصţԶΣգ
ͼɫ࣬ʵԽԽ죬ѶҲԽԽ
һΣڳĬԺмת㡣һĻͼЦʵ̫ߣʦĺûӡ
øΪ󷨺ףи꣡
ͼ˿һ˼ӣϲ˵ȴϲѡ
Ȼһ̣ĻشͽͼеĻش𳹵״ˡ
ҪŻصţҪţţţţţȻܻصţǵŹı仯ܹҪһǧʮĲ
Ҫ뵽ţҪǧʮһ
ɴ

ͼ˿壬۾Ŀɿڴ
⣬ôܣ
ͼô޷ţֻ弸ʱͿڻͨʵõǰĴУȫͼж֪֮
а˸վһԣһĻаЦѡͼ˽Ҫ嵱²ˣôһСùֻа۹ⲻ˵ƶѡ
֮ڳΪƵͬʱĴ컯¯࣬Ƿ켫ĵزѰ˿ɱȣͼ˵Щ֮ѵס
ǺǣǰʵֻǼǿѣ˵Щ⣬ֻҪԺȫһͿˡ
΢΢Ц
Сӣ
ͼôӵۣѣ֮һ赭д󷨵˼򵥵ļ㣬ֱҪ
¡¡˵ʱͻ𣬰һҵ죬ٴ˴һɢһ𣬾гǿ־塣
֣Ҫʼˣ
˶߶£ǲǶʵߣǺӴĹȣǶֻص϶ѡ
Щһˣ
̧ͷŻɵգɫޱȡ֪Ϊʲôһε󷨱䶯ĸо֮ǰȫͬ
СӣķСģЩԣ󷨵񱻴ˣ
ͼ˵ͻȻӶдĿ⿴ſУޱȡ
꣡
δ䣬ɲǼ䣬ն·ѿˣÿһ˶жһǰδеľ죬ͺ类һɿµѿһ㡣û˷ӦΧͻȻŨ̹ɫ·ˮһϯƱκһζҪ͡
ͬʱƬռͺһֻʧصķݣһɿµݺ˦˳ȥŴת

һ󾪽еɢ߶ˡ
ңӾң
һȺˮ֮ͽһ㣬׷һԵ壬ĿǿĻҪ£岻ǣǾˡ
ˣ
Щδ䣬һӴƿն˹ȥͬһʱ䣬ڵչЩɢȫڡ
ոЩָʴԵɫϯз죬·ռ䶼ʴˡ
ȻоεĶЩһҲüͷ΢ܿ찲ԸֶһĶҲ൱оˡһĻ壬Ѿв塣
Сģ
ͻȻ֮䣬а˵Уޱȡ֣һ̣ͻԭΧֻһɹӿͬһʱ䣬û˿ףͻȻһӴģǰδеͺضԼһܿ죬𾪵鷢ˡ


1392 󷨵ı仯
ԼڵȻһ£ʼϵʧ
컯ųµһаֻ˵Ĺûзᱻɵ
һΣˡ
Сģ󷨵õ֮ܵõģӦԶֹǣ
а˵Ӷߴ֮ܵԶֹ壬аˣʦͽ˴ʱͺһεĴУڵϵʧ
ΪﵽаֵزһޱȡּĸֶܵӰ죬˵ĴͿ֪
һκ˸еľ

Ҷˣô£ô
ңңҲҲ

ʦаȫԿ֮ʱһҽڵط
ֻƬ̵ʱȻֹһһʱĲҽУκ˶з
¡¡һδƽһ
û˷Ӧһ̣ܿռһͬһʱͼ˽˶
ãѾˣǱƵ˾ţ
ͼˣǰ֮ΣսСģҲһѵõ֮ءҪԵΣձҪСöࡣ
Ǿڸոգ˾Ȼֱӱ󷨵˳ȥΣռߵľ֮С
󷨰ţۡܽŻţͻŵһ㣬ΣԽС֮Уһ·Σߵ֮Сһֱţ󷨵ֱжΪֹ
ˣ
˵ʱʱ죬ͼ˵ڶߣһһо˷󷨵֮Ӵֹ
£ڵʧӿ졣
䣡
ͬһʱ䣬һͷ
Сͷ
ͼֻ̧ͷһۣɫ䡣ڸ߿һ˫˺ϱľ޴ʯԾ˵ٶȴӸ߿£ˡ
Щʯÿһ߰ǧأҪǣЩʯУԸܵǿҵԪ
󷨣Ӵ֮עʯ֮УʹЩʯÿһһʥ侳ǿߵȫһ
ֹаּǿ˵ͬҲв
һɲǣ˶ɫ
ţ
⻹ֻǴ֮УеΣյŶѣ乥ѾǿֵزǶ뵽˸Σյź֮УٵΣվͿ֪
䣡
ͬʱһӴ͵ػ˸߿Щƾճֵʯֻһ춯صľ죬еʯȫ顣
ʱȣʯԸ뷽뿪
а˵Ĵ˶𣬹ؼʱֻ̣ʯȻΣӰΣһлԶûн
߿һ𵴿˵ĿУһεĹᴩա߿һʯ飬˷۶գ֮䣬һ޴ʯѸٳͣڶţʯҲѸٵĹ֮С
ʯ˵ĹʧֻҪھ֮Уֳصľ޴ʯͻԴԴϵĴеֹĹ
ޱȣÿ˵Ĺʧټϸ߿ľʯ˵Ĵֹۡ
ģ
ϣͼ˵ͷ˼⡣ɫţԺм˼亹ѸٴĶͷֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ͼ˾ɫͨ죬ʪ͸
ͼ˱Ͳ书书а˲ÿɲֹһأҲԶа̩ɽɫĽɫ
һƽ͵ĻУһܹ취һΣرڼ޴ѹ£ͺϷӳԼʵƽ˼
֪ԼëͼҲʼûܸı
ۿһĹ˽ڴƶ£һ䵽ΣյźУһɲһ侲ޱͻȻ˶
Ǭһʮ־ţ
δ䣬һƻ糱ˮһ𣬰ʦа˸ոճ͵޴ʯͬʱѸǬķȥ
ΧѣҲܿ췴ӦɢѸٳڵķȥ
ǾţǾţ
һѣͼѸ侲ҲѸټ˾ŵλáŵţǰֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Ѿٶʮֱ仯
νǣһȫҪӾŻصʼѾûпܣٶʮֱ仯Լٰʮֱ仯Уÿһֶһ·յ֮С
ΨǬһŵľţΨһĻᣬֻп֮Упܱ˲ݣŵĽ֡Ҳб仯ѵѡ
ֻһ˲ץס˽ʧȥΨһǰĻᡣ
ҪΨһһҪ̶Ƭ̵ʱ䣬߰ٴεļ㡣ĵطҲ˵ڼ㷽棬ȷʵӵм侪˵
Ǭƫʮ뾰֮Уʱ䡣
ͼ˻عѸٳ
ͼһѣܿ췴ӦϵԼȻΨһһҲ˲ͷ򣬵Ǻʵ롣һͼȷʵԼܱġ
죡
һ£塢аˡͼ˻еɢߣѸٳͼָķ˹ȥ
¡¡ڼһ㣬ڲϵʱᱻΣյ֮Сˣͺһ紩ԽһһǰâһЩľ޴ʯͻȻ֮ʧӴҲ˲Сࡣ
ţ
һɲ֪Լ뵽һµ֮С
ˣ
峤һȻһ͸оһ˿Ծ˷ԭԼʦͼˣǼɢʧ֮Уֻʣһˡ
ʦ
ոտڣ˾ȵ鷢ˣԭɵձ˳Ⱥ죬ͬһʱ䣬Լ򣬾Ȼͬʱʦɫһ㵣סˡ׼˵ڵʦʱҲ˻ȥ
һδƽһ𣬾循ʦʱ򣬹âһǰʦĸֻһգۣʦ֮⣬а˸ͼ˳ǰһ㵵ĿԼ
Сӣĸ㣡
дͼ˾㵵üͷ뿪ڣһĿӹǰʱ˵ˡ
ͼ˺а֮һطһâ漴һһģһԼ˳
˫Ŀԣ࿴ŶԷ
ɽľ֡ˮһЩԾ˵ٶȳΧ
ˮˮɽʯ֮䣬㼸ʮɢߣſĴ㵡
Сģеһжǻ롣۾þ֪̽
ͬʱһʶԺϡʦаˡ
һ׹
صǻ󣬺һĻͬĻﵽԼĵزˮܹģ³ˣ²ֻǻô򵥡


1393 ʶƾţ
ˣ
˫һϣѸٱ۾ͬһʱľϯΧܿΧһʧеĻˡĸֻ֪ʣһʦаˡͼ˻мɢߡ
塢аˡͼ˻Щɢ֮䣬ȴһƬƬҽʡһ˲׹ԼˮʵЩҽټ٣ټ档
ΧĿռ֮ԳֳȺɫҲΪЩҽԵʡ
Ȼ󲢷ģ䵽ҽ֮п¾Ͳôˡ
ע£Щҽ¶ȼߣҽ
а˵ȻҲע⵽Щҽ
䣡
һҲ͵һȭɿһҽɲǼŨ̹ɫҽҵ𵴿֮ߡ
ⷬٶͻҿȥĪһ̣ľٶʾá
ΧȺɫ͵Ťͬһʱ䣬ΧĻͺһűֽһ׷鿪
ô£
һ˲ɢҲع¶ȣʵҽһľѣ֣ɢ߿Ѿ̤ҽ֮ˡ
ǰŹı仯ŵı仯
ûоôΣգڴҲʱ񻯣˱뾡뿪İ취
徫ǿż㷽ͼ˶޷⣬ϾǸѧߣȻŵı仯Ƕ󷨵˽ԼŹı仯Զûô˽⣬ԲŻ֮ǰϸСƫ
ã֣һ󷨣
ͼ˳ƮƮмޱȣɾ󷨣ӳ̶ѾԶԶ֪κһ󷨣ߴֵı仯ͼҲԸϡһʧ󣬾ͻµı仯ʼû׼ȷ󷨵йɣĳǡǡֲͼⷽȱݡ

ΧХеĲҽԽԽܼ˴Ŀľʱȣͼ˱۾ȫͶ뵽ݺ㵱СΧûĸţ֮ǰĻٴθ֣һһӰϵĳΧ
䣬һĳеҽٴ˺ѵΧĻһȴʦа˳ֹ֣һС
а˲ó󷨣һ棬ûа취ṩʲôֻ취Ը
ǰʮ֮󣬿ʲôλ
۾ͻȻ
Ϸƫ
ͼָܿ˽Źķλԭǹ̶ģǴɾ̫ǿ󣬸ıĵƵΣʹؾŹķλҲתơ
Сӣ죡󷨵ı仯ڼӿ죬㵽һĸ𣿡
ͼ壬齹ޱȡ
ͨ˿ûʲôͼĹпĲתһ²ϼӿ죬ʲôΣ˵ʱѾˡ
һ棬ֻܼϣ壡
ƫһʮָ߲£
ܿ죬ſķλĿѩޱȡ
죡ڣ
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬忴ǰȻȳ
飬˷׷׳һ˳ȥߴ¡¡֮еһҽͺܵʲôĴ̼һӿȼһԭȺĿռҲѸٱΣյİɫ
죡
һݣŷЮǼɢߣѸһŶȥ

ŶųȥʱһطԭעطٿһеӰܵѸŤͷ壬ͼ˺аڵλá
ˣǲˣЩһ󷨵תɣǸסǣ
һӰ
һʵ̫ˣڵλÿȥ֮У޲Һ󷨵׷ѹһҷֻͥŲȫĿơ
ˣƶķǺп»صšһصǷĹǾͺôȥᱻҵеĶ
ڴʱһҲڵ
صţôܣֻһȺ϶ѣôܺᲢۣɾµ󷨾κ˿ƽ˵ģ
ڴʱģӰ˫֣ЦĿһתܿɨһ˴ΡȻɽͰӰ
Ǹ˲Ҳ뵽˴֮𣿼Ȼʵ̫ߣǵʱǾ취ƹȥɱ˶
ģ
ǣˣ

ʱ˿̣֪ԼһѾˡ䣬ΧռȻһһ̣壬аˣͼˣɢ뵽˶֮С
ݣ
˲ŸսȥһХ֮ڶ˷ļ걬ͬһʱ䣬һһɹ糱ˮһ㣬ϯ֮йЮŹŨ̡

ô£ôԽԽΣˣ
ã쿴棡
һɢ߾ĴԭΪ˵ļ㣬һŻᰲȫ࣬ϵһܵľǿĹ
סȫӦԣ
ʱͼ˵˶
ǱƽͣʵΣأǱգʵȫǾûзĹ࣬ȴԶԶȲ𣿡
֮ʵʵǳ뿪ûʲôȫȫĵط
ΣպͰȫԶԵģ
ͼһѣ˺ܿ͸о˲һĵطЩܼļȻÿһָֻϸΣޱȣÿһǿЩҹʯƾˣҲֻ侳Ĺͼ˵ģ￴գʵΣո
ûôȫ֮жľˣΪС֮࣬ڶֶѣȴַ׻֮أҪⱻţڴˣͱͨŸıת֮ƣСӣŵλãŹ֮䣡
˵ͷѸٽչ⣬ͼԼɢȫ룬ͬʱ˫һգٴ
䣬Χܼײڶһʯһ㲻ϵײϣľ죬Ȼȫų⡣һʯֱը˷飬ָϸ۶ˡ
רݣһжң
ʱа˵ڶδ䣬һһɱ֮廹Ҫƴ͵ɢ糱ˮһѸٽУеĹ⡣
û˵ֻǵ˵ͷѸٵͶ뵽˽Ŷҵļ֮С
ǰҼŵλãֱӻصţĻᣡ



1394 ۣ
һͨţţٻصţգص֮ǰλõ·һͻᱻת֮УһԽյ֮УֱΪֹ
û֮УҪصţҲҪһ˴ϵšмҪǴﵽʮ֮࣬Ƕ˵ҲһӴļ㡣
ˣ
ǱļʱͻȻ֮ռ𶯣һӴϢԶȻ˵ĸ֪֮С
Сģ
Ȼ֮䣬һӶд䣬û˷ӦһӰ籩һ㶸Ȼһ˽
꣬˸һ֣жʱɢһŨĻ㣬Ļ̺ŲͻȻӰеͬһʱ䣬Ϊģһɹɫһ㣬ۿɼٶȣ˷չ
ӰӺ洭˳Щ˴ͳһķΣؿһ̫׺׵ͼĿ

ܵǹϤϢһ棬һӰԨsȻǹɽͰȻϢκΪ֮Ӱ̣ԪһǺˣ
аۣ
Сģ
ͬһʱ䣬һ󵶽ʵ쳹գԪһԣһ˵ĸɫ԰ףҲͬһʱϳԵʦаˡһɲǣ˶ڳ˷̬
˵ӰɽУаķ죬˲֪˲˵ˣа˶̸ɫ䣬ηѣˡ
ݣ
˷ʯͼ걬ȻԪһֻվһͽеĹų⡣
زﳤ
Ϊǰľѧ۷֮°μ֮СȻ鲼壬ΣأǶԪһ˵вʵޣԸֹԱҪĶ࣬ҲԪһлͤ˷ֹлͤ棬Ԫһȴڵԭ
ķҵʦͽˣһ뿪
ԪһΡȻĿ⿪ؼ侫â䣬ޱȡʱ˿̣ΨһģҲֻλ˵ˡ
Ϊ̩ɽԪһǵľǿ֮һټزﳤаķǰԪһҲ޾ɫ
ԪһϷʱ㻹ֻǽС䣬ʦϷ߻ɵ֣㣬ûʸ񣡡
а˷趯һɳˮĺƣʨƣԪһɾ뢣ǰҲҪһͷ
ɽУԪһ׹գ죬˲֪˲̸Ԫһ֣ÿһ˶оη壬ںԪһɾ뢽УҲûռκεıˡ
а˲ͬа۽Ѿʮ꣬ԪһֻʮʮꡣȻԪһ۳ʱ䣬аķȷʵԶ֮ϡ
ԪһֻһʮʱаķѾǽŷɥĴħͷλ˵Ҳ޷ķᲢۡ
аۣһʱһʱʱѾȥаѹ˵ʲôҶҪµȺԼ걻ɱЩߣʦͽڴˣ
Ԫһаɽ紫ǰҲû˿ľɫ
ʱͬգаѹˣ޷ʩչ컯ԪһҲزﳤ˵Ƿ켫ĻаϵаڣҲȻ޾塣
Ԫף㣬ǶԸаۣɹԲҪʦͽڴˣ
ǣ
˾Ԫ׺һӰ쳤ϹӦֻŷƳһۣɫӡ
Ϊʲôƫƫа۵ĵӰ
һŷ̾Ϣѡ
ڻǵ˻ĳҶԴĻмκһ˵ĵӣ˶̫뵽־أаۡ˫֮ûκεתء
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ촫û˳֣ԪһѾȶˡ⻹Ԫһһս֮вȡĹаķɽпûбȴ˸ǿд棬ͬʱҲηĴˡ
ԪһȻɽм𾴣Ϊ̩ɽս鼫ḻԪһ֪Լаķ֮»һĲࡣĴУ˸Ҵ⣬ȳ֣ռȻ
ͣԪһͷգĿʳжָָꪣһ㣬ɲǼ䣬ХǧĳָȵҪ籩һ㣬ӰгаķȥԪһãգۼٻһߴ䣬ġۡ
زﳤѧѾÿһҪķѴʱ;Ԫһ㻨Ŀ๦ڴﵽ֮ų߾ĳۣ
һٻ𳤴ۣԪһ൱ٻǿٻ״̬ԶôǿĶ֣ܹӲӲ־õսȥ۳־öȺͼǿȣ£ûκһŹܹ֮ȡ
ˣ
Ԫһ籩Ĺаɫƽ̩ȻֻһָɲǼ䣬Хľ˲Ϣ纣㱬ÿһ׼Ԫһĳָ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ֽȻͬȴͬǿָصײһ
޾ɱգƥһ㣬ޱȣĳˢա
ķʹֶΰɣ֮䣬ֻһ˿Ի뿪
Ԫһ߸ϣޱȡû˷ӦԪһգӸ£ȻһɳɲǼ䣬ĳ糱ˮϯ£ʱͬһΣԪһȻĹ
Ԫһĳ£̶ܳȣºУ±֮ҪӲ
䣡
һݣɲǼ䲦նͬһʱ䣬޾ȫëбŷ㳯Ԫһȥа˵У̺ͬһ˿ɫĹ󣬵ԪһͬǲǽĹ󣬶а˴޾ʱȡһ˿΢
䣬ֻཻһԪһһһӴúˡ
ǽʩչ۷壬ٻ۵£λɽ紫ǰԪһǲ˰

Ԫһкһٴϣа˼ҵսһȻʵа˲һ㣬ǳǿĻָͷʹԪһսκμǿߡ
аķҲ޾⡣
ֻһգۣеײڶԪһа˵սԽԽңǿֲʹöһִ֧֧ХԲʯûпͱ촷ۣĩ
Ԫһаλ¾ɰڼսʱһ࣬˾Ԫ׵˳Ϸ׷׼壬ԼԶͼˡ


1395 ս
һаķʦͽһҲʲôࡣκģ˸ɵǸ϶Ӿͽң
˾Ԫ׵ޱȣָһ죬ָͼˣ߰˸ֳͼȥ
ģҸ
ͼ˿һĻˣǳʧ꼰㣬ûиɹʲô캦£ΪаķһѾαЩ˸ֹˡ
ǰ˺㣡
ʱһͼ˵Ķ𡣹ؼʱ̣Ųǰһ̤بͼǰԼ
СӣѱȻпչˣˣһСӣ
˾ԪĿδ䣬һΣȳ巢ѡ
䣡
˾Ԫ׳ֵɲǣҲ룬һңңȥȻĹ˾Ԫûһ˿ܵ˼
ףף
˾Ԫ״һɲǼ䣬һܵĻɫڱѸٻΪһĻɫս׸һĳȻϰ߶ףӲҷ򲻱䣬Ծ˵ٶȳ忿
񹦣
忴һĻжһ˿â
ɽϾѾ˾ԪףУ⻹ǵһΡ
µ书Ϊͷ࣬ٶࡣ˾Ԫ׵ѧרľѧһķѧܹԼһҺ˾Ԫϵ׾Լ̵һ𾪵ĵز
Ǻܿ죬ͷӦ
ͣ
ָһɲǼ䣬ɫֱ˾Ԫ׶ȥ
С
˾ԪȻһЦҲ룬ȭһӣ巢ָغȥ
Ȼһ̣ȭָཻ˾Ԫ׻ûзӦоֱϵף׺ʲôһ㡣ӲޱȵףȻȫֵסɫָɫֱָ˾Ԫ׵Ŷȥ
ã
ʯ䣬һͷӹԺ˾Ԫ׶ʱʧɫ˾ԪһֱΪ巢ֻĳָܵӴŷ֣ǼָϸʵƥĽ
˾Ԫ׵ĸ֪Уǻûֵָɫһ˿ϸĽѹɡÿһƽ֮˿ҪӲ̶ȸǱ˾Ԫ׵ף׿ԵֵǿһȴԵֵò۵Ľи
ˣ
ʯ䣬ϸ룬˾ԪװͷһƫԺܹ֮ܵһһҽдһ˸ܲĽᴩͷ­ֱͦͦĴӰ׹

ŹԴƾĸԭһֱѾھĴ컯ϣűȽѵĲһֱͣСɵľ磬ɵľ绹ңңڡ
ˣƾľ磬ԼֲɱСɾĽҲӵо˵вһ棬˾Ԫ׵ףҲԵֵ
һϣɱ
˾Ԫܴ죬һȺ˵ĸţܿһӵϡ
ˣһȺ쵰
ͼ־ŭЩ˵ĸֹʱַΧͬͼҲһͬ룬ͼ˴һӣһɲ˺󷽷Ϯļꡣ
ͬʱָţѸٷɳɫĶʯŶʯɢͼΧһأ죬ɲǼ䣬âһͼӰ
ô£
߰׷˸ֶķŻ˽Ųǰյգһ۵Сۣ㵡
ܣһӲˣ
һ˸ֺݺҧҧݣδ䣬͵һĳ˰еļԲʯһƳͼʧ÷ȥ䣬һĳԭһգͻȻ͵һ𣬺ʲôһ㡣
ˣ
һȺ˸񣬷׷׿ͼʧĵطһһɹɽָ˷ͼڵķȥ
Ȼһ̣𾪵鷢ˡûȵǵĹ£ɲǼ䣬˷еļꡢԲʯ·ܵһξǣһγһ޴ԲУȻ㣬Щ˵ĸֺХȥ
䣡
ֻһıը߰˸ַĽָûпǧִļԲʯķѣļЩ˸ֶȥ
ôܣ
һȻܹƴڵ
һȺ˸ִʧɫ۾Ҫɳˡ˭Ҳû뵽Ǹò۵٪߾ȻôԵߵھֲʹǷԸԼ
Сģ
һ˸ַ׷׽ڵչȫԸֵХļꡢԲʯ֮ǰͬһּꡢԲʯԴ˺ܶ࣬һ飬ڵϢ𵴲ݡ
ԶһгͣڶּꡢԲʯŷӵ
쳷
˸ּ״зһڣæȥ
Ǳȥ׷ɱͼ˵ģһ̣ı׷ȥٶȸ졣
ЩС쵰׷ɱϷ򰡣
һ߼СУͼ˿һȺ˸ǱӣЦⲻѡ
书ϲóȻҲ̫аˡԪһ˾ԪԼ˵ĳϣԶԶ硣նûһֶΣƾֲεΪԶԶ¡
ɫʯͼ˵ֶ֮һ
֮ǰðգͼһֱУȻûܿƴйɣҲг˲ٵİء裬ѾͼھֲΧڵߵ󷨵󷨵УԸЩ˸֡
а˵ö֮һ֣Сħͷ
һ࣬˾ԪԼһ˳֮սҲﵽҵĵزһ˳ƮƮ˾Ԫ״Ӹ巢˽Х
˹ƣκ˶Ϊ֮ʧɫ
رڵ壬߻ħΣգʵ½ܶ࣬ΣءˣҲȻ޾塣
սף
Ǭ

նݣ

˵ĿУϹâһǸ˺ɫսףȻʩչ˴컯ͬʱָһϸޱȣȴƥĲݺύХ
µģӺеõġնݡʼʱûȫļµģǿսѧ
տʼʱʩչնݻǳ׾أֻƾս׿µķŵֵס˾Ԫ׵˵Ĺ
Ǻܿ죬նԽԽͬʱսѹ£ԺӹһƪƪնݵķھȻսпʼնݡʵķʽԶһҪöࡣ
˾Ԫ׺һȺ˳ϸտʼܹ׽ӰϵĹǵ˺棬ԽԽ죬ԽԽƮ졣
ǳǧĲڴ컯УûֱҪһ˲䣬˾Ԫ׵ƣڱѹˡ


1396 ˵
⣬⡭һôôô˾Ȼȫκβ
˾Ԫʼ׳־ҪһСħͷǵ˺棬ԽԽľڰյĹȫ׽Ӱˡ
һɲǣ˾Ԫ׺亹ֱ
ɽǰһ֮ԪһĹ˾Ԫں󷽿ŻΪȻʱ֣֪Сħͷжô¡
ѹӰΣ˳Ϸ׷״ÿһɴ۾ȫԸ
ʱ˿̣û֪һطӰӸ£üͷ
ˣаۡҲ̫ǿˣǶѾԪһˣߵȺҲһ͵˶ţȻκβǣ
࣬һӰ۾ݵ
˱ΪԪһɽľӦѹסаǣʵ֤˶̫ˡ
ߣһˣǸа۵ľǿҲһ޶ȣȻԪһǾͰǸҲһתƹɣ
Ϊ׵ĺӰ˫֣ɵ
ⷬ⼸Ӱǻ͸һ˿ҵɫ
Ǵˡ
һӰͷĴ󺹣һ߼ͼţ
õ֮ӵейɣҲֻӵвֵȨ޶ѡ䶯̫󣬻ŴתɣпܲסЩˣһϺŪãԺͻʧȥĿ
κζд۵ģҲƵĸı
˵ȥıǬ㹬ĻأƶϷλͰʧСҲ󷨵Ĳֹܣڻٵ󣡡
Ϊ׵ɵ
ǣ
ԥһ£ܿӦȥ

֮սԽļңа˺Ԫһ˾Ԫףͼ˺Щ˵ĸ֣֮սѸڰȻֹˣʱȥ֮еĻҲԽԽ
˴֮УŵĻΪ⣬սȥʱ򹥻ǿȲܶ߶ԶӦԻΪŵΣղˣǺ֪ŵɱǺʱйصģʱȥԽãŵĹͻԽ
ʼʱЩͬѥɦһ㣬ǵ˺棬ȴâڱԵֵ
ݣ
̶Уļӵ
Щʼʱÿһ൱һ侳ֵĹǵڣѾǿ侳۷ļܼĹ£˵ģһ˵ĸȸоǿѹ
̫Σˣȥȫý
Ǹͷ̫ˣͷڹһû취
аķ̫ȥ˾ճϣһӡ

һȺڼԲʯĹ£Ϣɫ԰ףһת˺ܿ콫ע˰еϡ
ϣ
һ£һ˵ĸַ˶ϣĽָЮŹ׷׳ȥ
ЩҲڿնԾ˵ٶȳնɱȥ
С󣡡
ڰ֮񺮹һΣ˷ļꡢԲʯڴ컯£ڿתһȦѸٸı켣㳯Щ˵ĸֵȥ
Сģ
һȺ˴ʧɫûǷӦļȥ
һɲǼ䣬Щоϸѡĺ֣ڵԾ˵ٶġֻɲǼ䣬ӻ侳۷һ·䵽䴦һ䵽侳
м˵ĸֱ֣Ӿͱü̴壬εضڵϡ
Ŀۣеļ֦ͬʱǵָͼ򣬴ȺͽơʹʧսҲûȥǵΪȻĹϵվǶһ档
¡
սҵʱͻȻ֮䣬ΧռȻһ𣬾ͺһֻεȭͷݺݵײһܿ죬һɱѸٴС
ɱ
һɱУ̹ŤͷʱֻϷһۣлŵꪣһ·ɱ
ˣ
Ƥһ˳дΪ⡣
һѾԶԸˣû뵽˵˾ȻҲʱ֡
ǣ
ǰ˸֣ԼǼս塢а۵ˣһȺ˵ߴ۵Сۣﶼ˵
Сģ
ܿ죬ļХһȺ˾Ͼȥ˼ˡ
ײıըʱڶֻôƬ̵ʱ䣬֮ļ깥Խܼˡ
Ԫһķ벻ǣǸϵ粻ɵɰ㣡
ʱͻȻһҹɰĹЦδ䣬䣬һӰԾ˵ٶȳаķԼԪһڵķλϮ
ôĵӣȻҳϷǰ
ʱһһ㣬ʯ䣬а͵Ťͷһ˫Ŀ磬ɭȻ
ˣ
ԭа˱ȥͻȻ֮俴аȻһ¶ʱȻֹڰͣ
¶һ˿Һηɫ
һҧʮ¾аɽеֲ̫رа֮У滹棬ȫԺаķᲢۣаķͳεʱȻҲɽľ뢣ȴȫа۵Ӱ֮С
а۵֮ңﱻƣɢʧڣеа뢣ڣη岻ѡ
ҳȻǰе书ϷָƣսϷ𣿡
а˵¡¡ףԵޱȡ
ԽηˣǺܿоһ˫˫ԼĿ⣬Ժжһͷʱŭ򵨱
ķװǻƺһĵﱻƣû˴컯ΪԼǵǸаԪһһɱаۡ
ǰ滹Ƕа˵ģֱʾԪһԼһԸаˡ

ʯ䣬ֻһĺУ˫չһֻ˶һ㣬ааķ˶ȥ
֣֮
˵ʱʱ𣬾ھаۻԶĵط汳Ũ̷ֿһֻ޴īɽ壬͵һѳаķϮȡ
֣֮
ǿľ֮һеõһа̺֮Ũаû֪ʲôȴһöаʱҽͳһֻ޴ƣҳ֮Ϊ֮֡
ֻÿδ߶ʱҪ׼ͷ֮ѪʹãȴӹɵġһаƽУҲʩչ
¡
ֻ䣬ɲǼ䣬ѣǺͺɽаѹ˹ȥӴѹֱϢ
콵
ͬʱԪһٿĳۣ͵һ콣аķͷİٻѨԪһһ̤۽аķ


1397 ۷Ծһ
ʳжָƽָ罣ɳаҪѨȥ
Ԫһλɽеľ뢣ûйԽɺĬ̶ȻԶԶʮ֡
֣аԵѹ֪
棬һָɵаۣ
ɱû˿вˣ
һ˺˵ĸܹ裬ȻĽȴԯޣ̫Զ
䣡
ʯ䣬ľ׳ңһаϱ
Щʯƴޱȡ
а˵Ŀ£Щǿ򿪻ϣ籼׳һ㣬շģԪһ
ֹˣ˷Ԫ㼯Ϊǹһ㣬Ԫһ󣬼򣬻λȥ
а˵ĹԪһĹʽȻͬĹȻࡢңϸȥÿһľǾĵļ㡣
Ĺ켣Ҳ˼£ÿһжǹԪһʽеϢ֮
ΪﵽԪһּһսḻޱȣʲôаսʦǰԪһ԰һͷսҲȫ޷֮ȡ
䣡
ɫ״Ź֮аͷİٻѨ£ͬʱһΣڰ̤а˵б档
һģϣĶϼԲʯطа˻ǵأɽа۱ȥ
¡ûȵʽϣʯ䣬һִɫȻĺɫаϡһǣ淢ĺɫа类ߴһΪΡ
ͣаɫ侲ʳָңңһָһС۴ֵľƿն桰ѨһѨаһָɫ󺧣ȥ
ķﳤȭ
ͬһʱ䣬һ˿ĲӶдԪһɫ䣬汻˵ʱ򣬲˷͵һȭаۻĺ˳ȥ
һȭʱƮƮٶҲĺܣÿһܹ
ʵʣһȭٶȿ쵽˼£µģ̺ȡԪһһȭȥоȻһ޺ۣ˵ĸоһֻȭͷһͷޣԾ˵ٶȴԽʱգϮɱ
ֹˣԪһһȭ𡰳ۡȻҲ·˹һ˫ԣ·Ҫ˻һ㡣ԪһΧǳһɲĻݻ֮Уа۶
ȻЩݻûȫʢһŨҵɱϢгˮаϯȥ
ﳤȭ
ǡز࣬ﳤ߾ѧ֮һǱ߾磬ٻ֮ۡʩչȡ⣬ǴŨҵ㣬ͻת仯ŨɱϢ˼
磬ļﵽˣȻļľ＾Ͷڡ¿Բ磬Īǡ
ﳤȭҲˣһУڵɱϢڣ߾֮УѾȡڹﳤȭеˣ󶼱ж
ֻһУ󣬴Ҳ
ԪһϧķѾѪҲҪʩչһУȻаɱ֮ģҪɱڴˡ
ˣ
ȻԪһ⾪һУаȴĿܡ䣬аٵɫľ˲Ϣպϣ϶ΪһΪһִľڵʯ䶸ļסԪһĹ
ͬһʱ䣬аŲ͵һָǳųԪһۡüȥ
ৣ
һĻԭ̩ȻʼӲаϣ˼ûеԪһɫһ䣬ʧȥԭе򶨣ȥ
ԪһܰѳֵزѾʤˡ٣ʦûĳǲһʲôʱüĵǵʲôʱʸϷǰƹµѣ
аƽƽ͸¶һָӡİԵϢ֣а۲ӲһһжȾϷ
Ϊɽŷɥаۣа˶ɽе书ָơ
ġزﳤġֻ֮֡а书аȫϹۻ
˵ǧſѧаѾ˳뻯ĵز
ŹΣؼǣ͸Դа˵ĿⶴԪһǿߣҲһۿ͸ǵѧѰе
ɽе̩ɽҪóʮֵľаķ˵߳ӣ
õһĻе˵Ӻе˵ӶǾɫ
ʱ䲢ֻ̫Ҫɽ΢еʵ˶аķ˵ԭΪа۵ﱻѾǿ֮ĩȻ˭Ҳûϵﱻ֮ķȻ֮Ҫ¡
⣬˭⣿
һɲ˶η壬һ˫սսȥʶҪԶλаĴħͷ
ʦ¼ֲ̫ˣ
ʱ˿̣һƬãΪʱֻһ˿Լʦ¶һ˿ǡ
ҲѧǧŹ
ĸӦУʦѨʱԳһ˿ڼҵսУǱߵĲеһˮһע⡣
ȴоʦڼģ¼ֲ̫õʱˡ
ﱻƺɢȫͬͬģǧֻɢɣʦȴǵﱻƣԪһ֣໹аӣϵǧͻάϵ
ޱȣԪһϾǵǿߣʦҪһжҲǳ
ֹˣԴɹ˵ն֮ں˾Ԫ׵սУֱˮ
ֻԼ֪濴࣬ʵϺܿҪƽ߻ħıԵ
ʵԼְʱһǿĶ֣ͻܾ޴ѹܹսʱΪ̡
һʱ䣬ͻߣ߻ħľء
СӣңҲֲ̫ˣЩһܿҪҵĴˡ
ʱһϸţͻȻڶһͻȻֱͼ˵
Ȼײŷ֣ͼ˴ʱ˼֮У֪ʲôʱǱͻȻһϹȥԸ
ֹˣͼԭԿΧļԲʯȥԸ˵ˣЩԲʯԳһЩңƺôܿһ㡣


1398 ۷Ծ
ģСӣϹҸ
ʯУͼ˺ݺݵص˵ĳϣͷ亹ҪˡԭԿƶ֮еԱ֪ΪʲôڸոһɲǣƵʯӲɵ󷨺ʹ֮ͻȻһ˿ɶеһ򲻿ɿƵķ
ͼҲΣ֮С
Щûõķֱǳ裡Ȼһֻʩչ󷨵٪嶼ˣ
һ˵ĳϣ˫ĿָһȺ˵ĸ֣ӸΧͼˣ飬һָϸĳХ˵ĳͷûأһӣͽĳͬ󷽵Բʯɷ顣
˸ȫ֣ͷֲ˶ˣǸСħͷɱаķɽĴ󻼡
˳ϵָ£һȺ˸ּӿ˶ͼ˵Ĺ
УĿ磬еһ۵ףȥҪ˶ã˿ºܿͻܡ
ˣ
ҲһɲǣйâһѸٲȡж
ǰǬڵǸλ
һʩչܵĹ򣬰ͼ˵ĶС
򣬱ƫ
Уͼһܿش
ǰһյҵϢƲ󷨣Ҵ뿪
ã
仰ͼ󶨡ĿһתѸ˳ϣָһһʯ˳ȥֱĴ˳ϵͷϡ
СӣϷԣ
һţһֶһʯӡ
һ࣬彫նʩչ£ͣŲƱ仯ͬʱмٵļ㡣
ʱ䲻ˣֻһΡˡߡ塭
ĬĬʱû˿ԥȻ׷һ챩ȣ
ڣ
δ䣬͵һĳͬʱ˾Ԫ׺һȺ˵ĳϣͼ˵λóȥ
䣬ͼ͵ȴţ巢źţýŲһ˿϶
סǣ
棬˵ĳϸоʲôɫһ䣬ҲһĳķӦѾܿˣٶȱҪöࡣ
¡
ͬ˷ܼļԲʯصĺͼԭվĵطɲǼ䣬ը̳ͼ˲µʯ˲ͱˡ
Ȼ֮ȴӰ

ͻȻ֮䣬һ˵ĸۼ⣬һۿ˰ͼˣԪһڵķλȥ
۵Ѱ·
Ԫһע⵽壬Ŀľһƣȥ
ĳȻ仯ΡΣЮŻԵкȥ
Ǭ
Ҳ룬ڵĴ컯ޣһһֻӰ籼׳磬͵سŰеԪһȥ
¡
صײһԪһҪһ׷ɱʱͻȻ֮䣬ֻһȻһǣһ˿϶
ԪһһʱΪ⡣
ĳѾ˲ɽܣԽĵزСȻ
ʦߣ
ͣһǣסԪһǬȥ
һֻ࣬˺ǿޱȵصײһ
ݣ
һӰаʧȥӰȻ֪ļƻʲôǶԼӣаۼǺš
ȹȥ󣡡
а˳󣬳Ǭķȥ
Ԫһ죡ˣʦͽԼֲ̫ã

ĿĶǰ۵糸ȥ
Ԫһû˵һٶ֮滹Ҫһߡ
Ȼû׷ȥ𵴣ǧܼ֣ʯЮƳ˱а˵ǧ
߲ˣ
ۿǵص͵һҧȻܣĵǿпһ
һ࣬ԪһҲ仯£ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣܹ˴ǧԼ֯һǰȥ
ԸԵķʽܹа۵Ĺ˾Ԫףŷ㣬ڶ˵ĸ֣׷׽׷ȥ
䣬Χ𶯣Ԫһ֣ں󷽽׷ᡣ
ûõģӲˣ
󷽣ԪһĿ䣬һ˿Ĺâ˫֮ǳԪһٶȣֻһգ۵ʱ׷ǡ
ô죿
ǰ˷۵糸аͻȻ崫ܡ
֮еθӣ˵ºѰѵǡ
ģ׷ǣ
Ŀǰδеڲͣţ
һ
һʱ򣬺䣬ΧռаˡͼѸٳһλ֮С
ߣ
ͬʱһԪһҲѾ׷ˣܹϸ΢ĺ岽Ĳۿ˫һսʱ򣬺¡һֻεĴ֣ץסˣһѴߡһ̣һ¡¡ͬǺХѸʧһۣԪһ˿ףǹЦݡ

Ԫһ׷˽ȥʧӰ٣һȺж¶𾪵ɫ
ģ
ȳ˹ȥյܣҧгݵ¶ȷߺ޵ɫΧӰ
ͼԼаķȻĴƤ£ʧˡ
Сӣñ㣬ɱ㲻ɣˣˣˣ
쳹ա
Ȼһ̣ȻֹһҵıըУرĹ˷ϯеĹʱ򷢶ˡ

ʱ˿̣󷨹Ԫһ治ͬܵնΧȴһƬƽ˾һɲǣֻص֮С
գ
һͼţ˳ոһɲǣֻһ㣬Ԫһ˾Ҫ׷ˡԪһ棬ټϴа֣˿Ҳ赲
̫ΣˡС㵽ˣֻʱ䣬žͻǸһζץסһ
ոյ״㵽ڣͼȻļ²ѡ
ôˣ
ʱаŤͷ˹ȥ
ոһɲǣԼǿļ˻Ϊģһпףаȴ
ʱɫɷףѪڵľҲֳǳҵ󣬸Ͽôɡ
а˻ֻǵﱻƣܾսȴʱ߻ħ

аһѣͼҲӦ͵Ťͷ壬ɫޱȡ


1399 ص
ʦģһû¡
˰֣һĵƣͷϵ亹͹
һս˺˵ĸ֣ѹǳ֮һ棬ԵΣձʦа˻Ҫ
Ұʱ䶼ѾˣڵʹõΧԵټȥΣˡֻҪϢƬ̣ͿԻָˡ

ⷬаڳһ
ӣҲϤϣǾԲѵģʣж֮ǰѾеһмˡҲΪĵط
ţ
а˵˵ͷ
ȵϢһ£֮԰ȫҸոѾһγʱڣӦûǰȫġ
ʦͽͰǻ
ͼһ˵ţ˫һ˦һſʯаΧÿһʯ±һ𶯣ʮʯ£а˺Χγһ׵󷨡
˵ͷаϥ£ʼϢ
ʱ仺ȥһҽдӴд֪ҷ𣬺Щҽȣȴ쳣ƽ
ˣʧˣǸ˿٪߻Ҫ
벻ԪһֶԸǣ
ͬʱһطӰӸ£ڵš
Ǹı󷨵йɣԪһȥôֶΣû뵽Ǵѡ
Χĵģǰһһ˫Ŀ֮еˣĿޱȡ
һɱΣյϢϱŷէһӴ˸첻
֪֪˵ҪѾȡеˣΪжд̣תһȦȻֻصš
˵ֱһ־޴衣
ת󷨣šҪһУлҷ𣡡
þãȻڵɱޱȡδ䣬˫ȭ͵սǽ֮䷢һǵĴ죬ľѡ
ǴˣŸոѾתѾùˣѾûа취׷ɱˣ
ʱڣʱǣǿת󷨣漰ķΧ̫ǣһȫпܵ
Ӱ̿֡
ˣ
˵Ļһͣնʱ̡
ŨɱҲ񱻶һ㣬һɲǣԳһ˿㵣ͺһȭڿմǻŭȻ㶼ܷй
ڡ
ٻʱɡʱ֮ǷƣҪЩȫҷ𣡡
쿴˵ķ򣬶ݺݵδ䣬͵һ뿪ԭλá

ʱȥʱһζ
ãͬһʱ䣬ԶĵطʦаҲչɫԺ˺ܶࡣ
̫ˣڻָˣ
һУͼϲãߵʦͽߡ
Сӣô
ͼ˿
Ѿûдˡ
һվݵͲǺأûߣ߻ħͨܿͿԻָ
ãǿ취뿪ˡļټҵֻ֮ҪҵžͿ뿪ˡ
ûʲôɽֻһΣص󷨣ǵ뿪
һϵߴа˴ʱҲڵ
֮УѰɹ߻ħڿûʲôɹ
аɵ߶ۼǾô֮ء
аҲЩ⡣
Ԥϣʱȴҡҡͷɫޱȡ
ʦǰûô򵥡Ҫ뿪ûôס٣Щ˾Բ뿪
ˣ
Ļаۺͼ˻࿴һۣΪ𶯡
ʲô˼
аȿڵüͷģɻ
˵ʲô˼
ͼҲӴҲһʱˣͼ֪ſڿ֮ⷬлضԵɡ
ǰ㻹ǵ֮ǰ˵ΪԤ𣿡
岢ûֱӻش𣬶תͼˡ
ֻҵĲ²⣬ΪתЩԾСӣѵ
ͼ˶壬һɲ뵽ʲôʱ۾š
Ĳ²ûȷȷʵʵеڲݴǣаߡ
ʲô
ⷬ˴ΪԾ
϶𣿡
аüͷһ͸ոȫͬеڰٿ󣬲ҽаչʾȫͬ
Сӣ֪˵ʲô𣿴ɹӹʱû˵õǰ̣Ϊɹ֮˵ǾζеĴ˵Ǽٵģͷβһƭ֣һı
ͼ˵鼤ޱȣ书ȤΨԴɾǾ鼳
Ϊһʦ׷ɹǼٵģǾζŹҲпǼٵġһɲǣͼ˵ɫʱɷޱȡ
ǰɹұۣϾɹĲرͼ鲢һǿѨ硣һֱڰĬĬٿأȴȷɡ
һص
λʦǰûԺиоĿ֮˵˳
ǵ֮ǰȥҲԷı䡣⣬űӦǰȫģʱȴܵιһж󡣡
Ҳֻǿɶѣ˵ʲôϾǴɾµĹŴ󷨣󷨵йɣʲôص㣬˭Ҳ֪˵֣ͨĹжϣҲǶԵġ
ͼ˿ڵɺͿ϶Ȼͬĸһȷţʾȫͬˡ
Ȼ˵ʲôʦǰǻǵǱź󣬲þԪһ˵𣿡
һɫ
Ҳ˵ʲôԪһǶ֮ͺ
аҲüͷȻһϣȫͬ塣
Ȼ˵ʲôأ
ӭԼʦа˵һɲǣĿޱȣ·͸еܡ
ڴ֮ԪһԳ֮ΪżȻԪһͬʱѸ棬֮ܳΪżȻͬʱаɵľ뢣ĸʵж󣿡
忴λʦа˺ͼһʱĬˣ¶˼ɫ


1400 ̽
Ԫһ˵ȻʱȽСȫܷġȻԪһһǰһͬʱڶ֮УһоͲɺˡ
а˵üͷʱԽˣͼֱԵЩ
ȷʵɺͣСӣ˵һеʾȫͬˡҴ֮ǰǿºпܳΪǵжд̣ҪȻǲ˺Ըǡ
ͼ˵鿴䲻ϸȥĶͷ亹
ûв´ĻпΪʶǵĲ󷨣ʹǳΪ˱Ŀꡣ
ĶԶֹаۣԪһֻΪаۣȻǻܵġաȻΪԼǡ
ʵͼβѡ
ǰûô򵥣һû㣬ǶᱻУһֱΪֹЩ֮Բϧһд۰ԪһΪǰвǣֻҪǰڣǾ޷вҺʦеˣԸǰǣΪǰǲܰȻ¡

𣿡
ͼŴʹסˣֻԼ廹аˣû뵽ء
ˡ
΢Цŵ˵ͷⷬǴΪ˰οͼˣͼˣҲ޷㵽йˡ
ЩԽôɣԽ֤ıĻϲ⣬Ūãаֺаɵ˿¶ᱻǾ֡

ܹģȫɽеĺ֣˵һɲСδ٣һ޴Σȴ硣
ЩߣպķЩ֮ʲôԹаά˵Щ˶ǿպԸı˵м
ǰЩôȻĶں棬Ūڹ֮䣬һ֣ٵҲһЩ
ãС˵Ĳһ֣ٵ󣡡
һ˵ͼҲеһɰר󷨼ʮأû˻Ūڹ֮䡣
ͼǸ߰ҲŵģЩʲôͷǰȻ
ǰӹȥǻÿʱԿһ󷨱仯ҿԽǿšʱ໹ʱ
Ŀǣǰδе͸
ķ޷֣һǴ뿪һƻ󷨵ĺģֶ뿪
ȷʵַֻ
ͼ˿壬Ц͵ĵ˵ͷȻѧϰ֮ʱ伫̣ԼߣȷʵӦĿǰð취
뿪ֻԱȫˣУҲ뿪׵ķһ֣ǽĺģƻ󷨣ֱӴӸԴ߽Ѷ󣬶мĸ֮УԽģΣԽҲֱ
Ժм˼˶٣ŵ
ǣֻҪеڰвٿһУǾ뿪󣬿ƴȫ˵ƻĺѶȸΣҲ󣬵ȴֱӵķ
ȻҲϣȷȷʵʵĿǰΨһİ취
ͼ˳Ĭ࣬ڵ
Ťͷһ壬Ŀ΢΢Щġβ֪ôȥֻеķʵ̫ˡ
һֻһ㣬һ׼ʯӾһ󷨣һֳ㣬һĹŴ󷨣ڵ⣬ܹﵽ㣬߲㡣߲ѾǶˣӵоŲ㡣
Ĵ󣬶һ޶䷱ǿ̶ȣѾԽͼ֪κһ󷨣ԳƵµһˣҪƵӴ̸ס
ͼȻ˵źһ֣û̫İտƵ󷨡󷨲һɲģʱضڱ仯֮Уӵ̫̫ı
Ϊߣ㲻ֻҪڵı仯һı仯һı仯Ҫ㵽ʱõʱ仯
˵Ų仯ͬشһ漰ǰ߸Ӵô̵ʱڣͼʸ
ǰ֣Źı仯λı仯ˡݡšŵó
ϣ
⣬Сӣҵ㣬󷨼ͬСɣ漰
ͼЩ
Ǻǣֻǰûʣ
΢Цһĵơ

ͼҪ˵ĻѾӿߣʱȻֹֻĿ壬һ仰˵һ΢Цɫ򶨴ݣͼ˺˵Ļ
⡭⣬ðɣͰ˵İ죡
ɵĻ󶼱ͼ˻ȥ
岢ûͼ룬վֱɨһǰɵգ˫һգһ̣һӴľ糱ˮһ㣬Ѹٷ󷨡
еʱѾ֣ڸָ֪иãֻʵţľܵĸСġ
һͨԼľ֪󷨵ĽṹҽЩ󷨵ĽṹԺӡ
Ӿ翴ȥ󷨶ǻɵģûа취ϸϣҾչǧ֮󣬾޷ˡ仰˵ûа취̽󷨵ȫò
㹻ˣ
忴ԺӡĲȱ󷨣૵
˿ʼܻ޲ߣһ·𵽾ţٴӾ𵽶ţٻصţιУһʵԼ֮һҲ˽ΪҴеĹɡ
Ȼֻܲ׽ȱ磬Ĳ֣ȫԼ򵽵йݳ¡¡ԼյĹԺжȻУԺȱĴ󣬿ʼĳֹ
䣬һλ󷨣λƴľһ㣬ԭʼſʼһһŲϵƾճ֣Ժȱ֮ϣ̶ֻʱڣԺȱ󷨣һֲ˼ķʽʼˣȻ⵽ڣϵġ
УжڲͣƵ㣬ÿһμɹܹʹԺеĴһϸСš
ʱ仺ȥԺͶӰĴҲԽԽ
һ࣬ʱͼͬڽŷļ㣬岻ͬͼֱڵϥڵϻһһͬԲдʡ
Ǭ޹𹬡й㹬빬ҹһŹλǹ̶ġ
ӴĴ󣬾Źλڲͣ仯輫ߵˣ㲻Źı仯ŹͺϵĶһֻǲģȴǱ仯ġ


1401 ׼ж
ŹļȻӣ࿼󷨵ۺϷԶûôӣҲǡǡͼóġ
ʱ仺ȥ֮һƬžаҲһﲻֻǰվԣĬĬ˻
ڡ
ʱһԺһȱţһ֮ԺһӴͣת״󷨡ֳܹţ̶
ֻȱһ֣ǾŹ
ˣ
ĿһǰһϤļӡ
Сӣĳɹˣ
ͼ˵ڼ
û˵ֻһص˵ͷ
ֻôһ򵥵ϸ΢ޱȵĶͼ˵Уȴһ͵۾۵Ĳ˼顣
Сӣ㣬ڵλΪݵ㣬ľžжٸλʱڣٸţٸţʱأ
ͼͻȻʵıƽȴޱȣÿʱÿ̶ڱ仯ҪٸţţԼʱ֮ı仯Ҫεļ㣬ͼҲûжٰտԼ
ľӦһ߸λʱڣһʮţʮһţʱ֮һǧ˰ʮλһǧʮţǧ߰ʮţǧ˰ٶʮţԼʮߴš
һɫ˼
һ䣬ͼ˶ʱ˶סˡ
أܹҪٴα仯ܴĿǰŵִţ
ͼʵ
ڵλãҪһǧ˰ʮ󷨲ִܵţֻһһ᲻ͣߡֻȦʱſԱΪţߣȦΪȦҲͻ֮ı䣬תţţţŵȵȡֻҪЩ⣬ȵǽţ󷨱仯ߣϵ뿪ĻᣬǸ뿪

ͼĿ壬ʱ仰˵ˡ⼸ģҪô̵ʱڣѰҳ𰸣Ҫʮļ㡣ŵλã֪׼ȷĴ𰸡
֮УҪҳΨһţԼı仯Ѿǰˡں塢а˻ǰм˼ʱ񡣶ô̵ʱڣȻѾҵŵλá
ʵ̫ˣ
ͼҲ֪ԴһԿ϶Ѿǿˣ̾Ϊֹĵز⺢ӵ츳ֱţ
Ǻǣʵûôӡ
ƺ֪ͼʲô΢΢һЦָŵңңһָջڵ滮һͬԲգ֮䣬ϾͶһصļ״󷨡
ֻҪԺͶشĽṹת󷨣ͿˣҪôӴӵļ㣡

ԤϣϵĴͼ˳һ̾ǰ壬ɫӣþ˵ļȷʵӣӵģڴֱӽһģ͡
ߵѶȱǰ߻ҪӴĶܹ࣬һУôѾվˡ
ţЩѧϰ֮ġ
ͼ˸пֻϧ־ڴˡ仰Ѿߣͼ˿һ۲Զаۣû˵
ˣСӣھͰݳľŹ仯̸ɣ
ͼ˵ţͻȻһָָðһɫľȻ廭ģ͵ԱߣһŹģͣһأöӦĴ
ŹͰþһĴ
ŹǿԱ仯ģҲǱ仯ģΨйλ㲻ģҲ˵󷨺ġЩܹ󷨣ıеĹģضǽ˺ĵܻٻȻҲ󡣡
ͼջָ
ˣ
˵ͷĿӵͼ˻ľŹģջأۣһԺ֮УͼݵľŹģѸٸ֣ؾŹͣı仯ţԺͶӰĴںϡ
Ź͡šľ͸˴֮以ںϣĴֻ漰Ӵ㣬ҪһʱС
һԣͼ˺а˿˵ͷ˶ûдţĬĬȴʱ̡

ʱ˿̣󷨵ģӰȻ
ʶ®ɽĿֻԵڴɽС֮Уܿ󷨵òǶ˵Ӹ£Ŀ󷨵Ľṹеı仯еߣǵļ֮С
˵λÿȥԿأ䳲һĸӽṹ
׼𣿡
վǰ챳˫֣ӹһŨҵɱͻȻڵ
شˣһѾ׼
˹
ܺã
ǰĿĮӲ˿飺
̰̰ĴۣЩΪԼ̰ĸ۰ɣ׼߼ġӰޡɡȵص̺֮к󷨵ͻǿԪһҲãҲգֻǸаۣԵģǧҪȫ
ǣ
ȫͷ¶ηɫ
ӰޡǿһͻرաšͻΣ֮ǰֻ֡гսʤľǿʱŻᷢ
ġǬ֮֡Լ֮Щϼȡ󷨵ʱеҪԵģͲһ󷨹ر
ǿߣҲ޷࿹⡣
⡭
ǰһͻȻһֻƱϣϢһֻļ׿ӡֻӴԼСȭͷСͨɫһ㣬ڱȴֳһЩɫ޴Բΰߵ㡣
ϿЩư棬ȴֽȻͬ
ǽɫϢƱϣһ˯һ㡣
׼ЩҲһųȥɣ
˵桱ʱĮò˿飬ηڿֻɫ޼׳ʱ򣬸ǻһ¶־ɫ
ǣǡˡ
˿Ʊϵֻ棬¶ȵĿֻţͺµһ㡣
ȴֻǵȻһЦĿǰַһɾڡ桱λһ㣬ɲǼ䣬ǹɸܵľͻȻʧԭſŲĽɫ޼׳һͺͻȻѹһſļ׳ᣬһ־˵ٶȴϻ£Ѹٵû֮Уʧ
֨֨
һϸСӶдֻɫȴʧ



1402 ʶвأ
ˣ
֪˶ãһڽ˾ŹͰŵĽϣ
ɹˣ
ͼ˿忪ڵ˵ͷͼһ鿴οѡ

ݳ֮󣬻Ѿȫ󷨵йɣѾʲôܹ˺㣬Ҫע⣬ݳģʵĴض룬мǲɴ⡣⣬ڰƿһУʱڰиı󷨵йɣҪˣӦ䡣
ף
˵ͷͼ󷨴ݳٷ֮ʮߵı仯ʣµİٷ֮ҪԼӦˡ
󷨿аʱʱ価Ľ뵽֮УĻͻһֱȦĴֻ֮ʱҲûϣˡ
ǰģҪ˰ʱѾ˵ִ۵·ԼյʱͿԵִġ
ҾͲһˣ֮Ϊʦһϲͨʱ򲻵ﲻ㣬ġ
а˴ʱҲ߹ڵ
һ˿ʱⲻΪ嵣ģа֪ԼӺκ˶һΣյһЩɽľǿ˵¶ġ⣬ͬСɣÿʱÿ̶ڱ仯֮УʱֻһĲҲһǰһ󣬵˷ֿ벻ͬ󷨣ʱ򷴶ᵼģ׵Ĵļƻ
Ҳаûѡͬȥԭ
һ̣аߵԣͻȻһϣ˲ϢһӴڣƴޱȣѸĵݷ
΢΢һ漴ʲô
ӵȫһЧڹؼʱ̿һ֮סжҪսֻҪƻ󷨼ɡ
а˵͸һ˿ġ
ʦģ֪ô
幧һ
һ׼һǰ̤֮ܿ˳ȥ
ˣ
ǰȻһ䣬뿪ţ̤ܿһİĿռ䡣ֻգ۵ʱ䣬âһһ̧ͷȻʦа˺ͼվڶ棬һ㵵ĿԼ
ΧȻһģһ
ţ
΢΢һЦûġʦ͡ͼˡ˴֮УɱģͬʱҲСģֻҪʶƻþû˿вԡҲ֮ѡȫ·
û˿ԥ۾þѸһŶȥ
ڶ֮Уһ˺ϱʯǧ׵ĸ߿աʯ΢΢һȻ·ڵķһɲǣʯ쾪ƺȻûʯ£ɫݣѸһŶȥ
ɫ侲֮ͥŲ˿ĻңҪǣÿһ·𾭹ǧٲļ㡣
䣬ʯڵϣ̳Ѵʧ뵽һš
ʼţһֱĵۣмҪţ嶼ѡЩвԲġΪ˾ĸϵ󷨺ģٱǹ׳ţŪڹ֮ļʣʱҲòھ·ѡһЩΣյš
ȻΣգֻҪˣ˵ȻΣ֮ǰǰ뿪ԼСĴͨš
ˣ
̤һţһΣȴЩͬŸո̤ȥһŨҵѪζӱд
ȥߵʬˣ˵ڵϣеıʯҶֽţеı̴ܼţеںڣжļ󣬻еʱڻ๥һ⣬ÿʱ֮ǰ϶ŨŨĿ־壬׶Ť
һĻвĲһ¡ȻЩ˶ǹݵ֮¡
ǰȥʬԽԽࡣ
󷨵ոٶȼӿˣ
Щʬ壬ҲЩ̣Щ˶ɽеĺֻ֣ϧôĬĬŵԸоЩڴ󱳺ԶɱԽԽŨҡ
취ֹǣҪ˶ã˶Ҫˡ
ӿٶȣǰȥ
ϣ󷨵ĺԽԽǿң󷨴ߵĵطХȻѸٳԶȥ
ԺвͣؼţĴǰĴ󲻶ϵغš
ȫϵʱѸٽһš
ˣǸСƶˣ
ƶͬʱңԶӰӸ£ע⵽Ķ
ͬʱһȺҲע⵽Զа˺ͼˡ
ˣǻһԭأڸô죡
һӰ
˱һжģԸףڣһ˷ֳɲǼ䣬˶ʱʴˡ
оȶԸǸСģŻ֮УаۣǸͼˣҶסǣһ춯ʱû˿ӳ
Ϊ׵
Ǵˣ
Ӧǣȥ
¡¡
屾ȫ󷨣û˿ףͻȻ֮󷨺û˿ףܵͻȻ
Ѿ𣿡
ͣ½ŲȻ̧ͷĵķȻ޷ۿ󷨵УԸоó󷨵ٶڲϵļӿ졣
ǵסҵģ
΢΢һЦ
ͣıƽȡ·ͷֱӣģùЩ󷨵ˡ
ֻǶ˵ǵЩ仯ԼԤ֮С
ӿŲǰȥ
٣СӼӿŲˣ
϶Ǹоʲô
֮ǰ˵һһܹ֮󷨵йɣСӿҲһ㡣
ɾ󷨣ôƵģЩҶ޷˵СӡΪӿƶٶȾͿѾȲҪţҷĳˡ

ģӰӸ£ĬĬע壬һƣԥļӿܱߵС
һ̣һšţΣյţ׷ƶ۵Χֻһ˲䣬Χɱء
ĸƶ뵽ЩΣյ֮С
ΣСľţҲа취һһ뵽ֹ󷨹С
ֹ۷ĵ۹󽫣Ҳһе³
һ̣˳Ծ鷢ˣ΢΢һЦƺоʲôû˿ͻȻͣ
ӳڣһֱͣ㣬һػصķʽϵĳĿ
վ˿ܿͷԼ¶Цݡ
ô£
չޱȡ


1403 󷨾䣡
ھͿʼ𣿡
еĳطЦЦ
ʵ֪Ȼѧϰ󷨵ʱ䲻ãһ󷨵ģͣʵһϵ֤Уڶ󷨵˽Ծ˵ٶ
ոһɲԵĸоΧźԼļ˾޴ƫֱΧһر鲼塣
£Լѡ·һ
ŪûţֻϧЩȻȴһ㡣
ÿһŶʱʱ̿ڱ仯ģܳõͣһλáܲ¶ٵصţЩŶߡ
ɫƽгƺѿеİء
һڣ
һʱһݣͻȻȥһ̤뵽УԴΪ壬ǰƶ
ţ
һĻģصӰһɫѿޱȡ
ΧΨһһҲٶȴ뿪ķ
һ˲䣬Աƽ
ߣЩǰ΢СϺ͸Ƽ׵Ūڹ֮䡣
˵ĸоͺһƻԻĴѣԿǵֶκģϷŪһѡ
Խˣ˾Խݲ塣
Ӧ÷ǳڼ㣬ֶο»ס
ȻˣǾͰΧһƬȫңôȥ㣡
˳ıŹλðɣԴѶȣҾͲס

һɲǼ䣬ٴ󷨣ıΧС
䣡
һΣյŲϵĳӿеٶԽԽ졣
Ϸ룡
Ϸ룡
Ǭһ룡
룡

岽ĴҴңƮƮͬʱԺвͣؼ㡣
ͬһʱǰңò
еʱ׵һ󷽵һš
̣ж޹ȫ޷Ԥ⡣
ȻģصӰľٶɫԽԽѿ
»ǰ󣬻ҵľٶƺ壬Щ˵Уһȴȫͬ
󷨣ΧǾκصΣ֮С
ÿһΣ嶼һ־˵ķʽ֮յĴɱѳ
Уȸ˿һ㣬ֻҪһĲأٲ֮ء
ʱ仺ȥԼһյĹ֮飬һ̤ڲһط
ǰĵķ¶һ˿Цݡ
һ࣬󷨵ģصӰɫѱѿޱȡ
ϢңһĲ١һԾƶתıתҲҪġ
һԾ˾ȻʧһĹҵʧˡ
˿ʼû뵽ġ
ôܻ飡
־ŭиĲǵĵ̣ûκܹսʤǡ
ҾͲţԸ
׼ڶƶ󷨵ʱͻȻһ϶ڶ
ˣǸСӣ󷨣׽Щ̰ߣ
ǣˣ
˻һæعӦ

ô£
ͬʱУ嶸ͣ˽ŲΧĵģԤеĹͻȻʧˡ
Ȼһɲǣ岻û˿İüͷ֪ΪʲôⷴƽоһΣա
¡
˼ʱͻȻһδŹľ죬ӴĺĴһɲǣƬضڽ΢΢
ô£
ͻľ죬һ˴иߵע⡣
Ƿ·˺صĺ˶ĸо
ô죿
һط˾Ԫ׵˷׷ŤͷһԵԪһ
˲ͬһ֮Уе˳϶оһŨŨԪ
ǹԪɽкպĳϣеһַС
ÿ˶оͲ
Ԫһû˵ɱͦҲȻ·ûʲôܹԪһȴҲ¶˼ɫԭΪǴɽµһ湦
Ǵڵԣһ塣ɽʵصңңڡڣҲֻʣ׷ɱаķһɡ
ǰɣѾûлˡֻн󷨺ģƻ󷨣Ψһһ·
Ԫһ΢һ˼⣬ͻȻڵ侲ȴһļᶨ
ûлͷȻѾ󣬾Ͳٻȥ
Ԫһ˵ܲ󷨣κʱ󷨺ģֱⶼƽͬʱҲֱӵİ취
ȻգǶӵзһԪһ˵ԶӦҪ׵öࡣ
߰ɣ
ԪһĮޱδ䣬ǰȥȻһ̣¡ͻȻ֮һ춯صľ꣬һؿѵԪһͻ𡪡
ˣ
û˿ףѿԪһͻȻһΪģһűĸţͬʱҲе˵ȫ뿪
ң
һ˵ĸ͵۾Ԫһķ򣬾ֵ˫֡飬ͺˮĵһ㡣
Ȼһ̣âһű䶯˵ĸͬΧʮ˵ĵӣͺһͷεĹ޾סһ㣬Х͵˳ȥ
ֻЩʧ
ã
Сģ


ͬʱһľһһ˵ĸʧԪһĳɴƿնֻüĸ֣ڿСʱΪһƬհס
ԪһߵļϺ˸֣˾Ԫڣһ˲䶼󷨵ת£ȫʧˡ

һɲǣԪһʧȥԭе򶨣һ׶ʱѿޱȡ


ͬһʱ䣬ңԶһط˵Ҳͬ
ֻһգۣٺ˵˸ֱŹЮ˸šҽ֮ڶ
쵰
һ춯صŭɫ䣬ȭΧ˳ȥаǵأԼ֮󣬾ͷ·ײһεϣ俪ΪС
Ÿս󲻾ãͺҳ룬ڣ󲿷ֵĵӶתûˡֱŭɶ
Ȼû淢йŭһ̣غµĿռȻǰתͬһʱ䣬һӴ֮Ȼ˳ȥ
棡
棡
ߣʣļ˵Ӷʱʧɫ
һ˵İεضͼѰȻء
ǻ֣âһѾһռ䣬ʧˡ


1404 µĽɫ׳棡
ͣ
ХɫɫĴ趯ҪµоͿļܼ֣꣬
ţ
ѾҪһֹּĹ˲һһɰΪһƬɫǽبǰ
Ȼ飬ֻǵһ֧棬΢΢ɫ
ⲻһֹһθĲͬ
ЩںɫǽϣޱȣǼ֧شĺ沼µĺɫǽҲ֮
һ֧֧֧ܼļ걩棬沼µɫǽʱɫȻըѡ
ã
͵һȭеļ顣Ѻڵùһ㣬ɫҲޱȡ
ˣ
еĹȫǿøӵΣպ
еˣΣˣ

ɫķһްĺУĵһըһӴа͵ıһڵ㳯ĵķ˳ȥ
ʲôˣ뱾ΪУ
δ䣬ʧ١
沢ͨ󷨣һ̣ܸоõ󷨱˵ңеС
ǰһУʲô


һһĲҽ˷Ӷ
ǰıҽҲ΢΢ɫֹˣҲʼһֺ֮ǰȻͬķʽתÿŴɢĸ
Ҳ˵һѾתٶԽԽ죬仯ԽԽƵԽԽйԡ
׼еߣ
ӿɫҲޱȡ
һֱļ㣬͸֮Դ磬ԡһɺƴκ߶Ϊ֮Ȼʧɫ֮糱ˮһӺĵԵϯÿһš
ЩӴһµķʽѸٵļӹţͬʱǿֹ
ûʱˣ
޷Ҳǰδе档
Щصɨߵʱ䣬ͼ˼ĻҪࡣ
ȻЩѾЩˡǼڶʱеߡ
ж̫ɽеߣξԲǵóѣ
ǰ
һû˿ԥѸټӿٶȣһ뵽һ֮Уǰͻ
䣬󷨱仯绨Ͳ㼱лԺУӴĴҲԶԶԽ֮ǰκʱٶȣٵת
Уľ񼱾ġ
ΪһʿľӴޱȣҲܹڶʱڽд㣬Խͼʦԭ
ҪľģرǴ˵ĸӣݵԽ죬ʱԽãĵľԽӴ
ڶ̶ʱڣ㣬ԺеľʱҲԾ˵ٶȣϵġ
ʱѾ˲ôˡ

һĲҽǰâһһţֻ֮һɢѪʯͼĹ¼
ˣǶˣ
ǵصĹе
סˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һŭ˶𣬻û˷ӦһХסЩߣźȥһ֮С
һ黥ϣһʱ䣬ͻƽĵִԵ
¡¡ڶ߻죬һѾӰ
ڵĴԽԽΣգ󷨵ı仯ٶԽԽ죬ʲôΣ֣嶼ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʼһһִݡᶨĲѸٴ
Ŵı仯ԺеӰҲԾ˵ٶתһһ仯ٶۻҡ˵α仯ܹԺеĴͶӰģ£Ѱͨĵһ
ݣһָϸţž˵Ļȥһ̣ȴԺ֮
֨֨
崩źŵķ϶֮սһŵʱͻȻһ֨֨ĽӶߴĳ棬ֽȻͬ͸һ˿Ĵ죬ҲҪࡣ
ûע⣬ֻüͷ΢ץʱ䳯ǰȥһ̣âһһɫĹâͻȻ֣Լ
ĳӣ
üͷһ壬һ۷ֱһֻԪСųڿеĽɫ׳档
ڽͬʱһģһɰľ·㳯ŰеĽɫ׳ȥֻһ˲ػֻصĽɫ׳档
һޱȣһ£ȴ֮أһʯҲĳɷ顣
һ̣벻鷢ˡ
һ䣬ֻɫ׳ֻڿлһ£漴ٳķֹˣһɲ͸֮Դĸֻ֪ɫ׳治ûܵ˿˺ĹԷǿʢ࣬ɢҲ֮ǰǿ󣬸оһһֱֻɫ׳գ뵽һ㡣
ôܣ⵽ʲôӣ
͵һʱ͸ղȫͬ
ûκһֻӿԳľʹǸҲСȻֻйŹ֡
ˣ
ۿֻɫ׳滯Ϊһ⣬۵糸дݣʱһǿҵΣС
ͼ˵˵µһԽԽΣգҴһһЩصǿֶػֽɫ׳пܾĵķ
֨֨ЩͷԺзӶһ̣âһֻɫ׳֣ſԼ
ֻɫ׳棬һǰųɡƷΣͺʳһţȥ
ϸ룬ָһһɫĽëϷƥʱžһ˰еĽɫ׳档ȴʱʩչ˲
֨֨
ĽУǰֻɫ׳һͷڰ󻬳һ˿˿·ըһ㣬ıðĹ۲Уֻɫ׳Ϣ֮һ˲ˡ
ÿµĳӣȻ֮ǿ
һĻ΢΢ɫ
ʶ㣬ҲûмֳӣͨЧᱻգǵ
Ĺų˫ʮ湦Уڴɹӵдʯ֮ҲɱЩɫ׳档
ˣֽǿԽ׳ˣҲĿǰΨһ˵ǵķʽ
žžž
ۿźͷɫ׳ƿ磬ʼͷɫ׳ڰһܺҲͬһʳָһһͷеĽɫ׳档


1405 
Ĺ׼ֺֿݣȻʳָÿһָļ㣬ÿһָЩɫ׳档žžžֻһֻɫ׳ÿһϾðһ
ָ֮һֻɫ׳ֱӱϸСĽϾӰе䡣һֻֻֻֻ˲Ϣ䣬ֻصĽɫ׳һӰ£ϣһΧһɫѪ
ɵֻɫ׳棬һΣһȥ

Ŵ磬ˣ
޴֮УһɹɸʴԵĶƮһɢվڲԶǾ
֨֨
ǰһֻֻɫС׳ڰ裬ɢɵĹ⻪
ھǲԶһ߷ĲҽУ澪֣˫ֲͣĴΧЩɫ׳档ܹһ·뵽ģûһʵ֮ÿ˵ޱȡ
ȻٻҲκβЩɫ׳档
ЩĳӾҧҶһ㣬ҧĻ˳ҧһСЩȥ
е߶ƴȫͣĴЩɫ׳棬ȻǼˣҲֻǽЩɫ׳ɣҽ֮С
ǵ㰤ػҲֻƣٴη
˵ֱͬʣǵһ֮Уû˿ֲ顣
µǣѾֽ߰߱ɫ׳ҧ뵽ڣƤµߡһЩߵڵϣϵķҺţ˺ϵѪ⣬Ҫѽɫ׳˺
ȻЩ߽ԼѪģҲ޷ֹЩɫ׳ȥ
ѪܵһĻرǽɫ׳ߵӣΧе߶ܵ˼ĳ
ɫ԰ףɫ֣ܵ𺳱Щɫ׳ڵ߻Ҫǿҡ
ÿһ˶񾭱ıԵ
ҴǵôԼ𣿼ȻһģҪһȥվΣҶǷ
֮Уһֿ˺ѷεĴšһŰӵߣͷɢ¼飬һ㣬ϵЩɫ׳档
ǱȱڣŰӵʼղϷ˫ĿѪ죬һһβϵĳȥЩսֵ赲ŰеĽɫ׳档
ɫ׳治ΪʳǿĹҲ˺ޡͨĵȻСЧ
ֹ۵ҲܸоóŰӵѾֲ˶ãȵɫ׳泹ײѣ߾ͻһ³
磡ߣ߰ɣҪǣѾˣΣһҪŻء
һɫ׳ڵɢߴ˻ţֻ˵һ룬ĲҺ
һɲߵķ·ڵѪһҪҧˡ
һȺ˱ǳµһĴɹģڣû֣һȺ˷Ҫ׽ˡ
ҵĴҵĴңҲ뵽־ء
ǹŰӣĸߴ˻ţЩɫ׳Χֵܣʹޱȡ
ҪһȻֵܣǾٻᣡ
ʹ۾׼޵ʱ򣬹âһһӰ֮С
ߣΣգ
о˽ԭ׼޵߻عϣĳһԼֻɫС׳棬һֻȥĽɫ׳ݺȥ
֨֨
Ϊнɫ׳ʱͻȻһ̶ڶ𡣾ߵ£ֻɫ׳治֪ʲôʱ˹ȥ
ˣ
һɫ԰ף͸һĨɫ
Ȼһ̣ϱʱһƿͻȻӶдֻֻۣɫ׳治֪ʲôʱУӰˣ˳ȥ
ÿСЩ׳棡
缲磬ɿ˹ȥһ߷ˣһָ
ۣǼֻɫ׳Ϸ׷ױһֱͦͦڵϣų졣
ָɱǼֻɫ׳棬ͬʱͣ㳯ȥɫëϷƥϻаеĽɫ׳档֨֨Ľʱڶһֻֻֻһֻֻɫ׳治ϵĵ
ԴƾΨһһſʹãܵ߻ħӰ죬߼ƵľѧԾҪǶ˵Щɫ׳淴ûжӰ졣
һ̶ֻֻֻʱڣֻ߰ɫ׳汻ڵء
һĻһӴסˣ˵
ƴȫЩɫ׳棬Ҳֻܽǻˡ
˭ǵ³ֵӰֻǼ䱬һֻɫ׳棬ֱ˲š
Ȼʱ˿̣ûע⵽ߵɫ仯עȫɫ׳ʼʱֻֻɫ׳棬Ľɫ׳ֹֻ
ЩߵʵԵֵס룬ץסһɫ׳ڵߣָһһѪͬƤµĽɫ׳һ˳
ۣûֻɫ׳淢ѣͱֻɫ׳档
ɲǼ䣬ͱһ㣬ԭȥĽɫ׳ȫı䷽򣬳У֨֨ʱ
֣ùǣߣ
һĻɫˣǶʮ˶ԸȺɫ׳棬нɫ׳ȫһȥΣճ̶ȿ֪
ԷΪԼһģ߾ԷԼ¡
̨ͬģû£
ָһ˵Ľݺύϵƿնÿһƽ˽ɫ׳棬һΣΣΡǰ󲻹κʱ䣬еĽɫ׳滹ûзɵߣͱУһϢޣӰе
⣬ôܣ
һΣֻߣɢҲע⵽ⲻ˼һĻһĿɿڴ
ʱ˿̣Ͼ˼ĿӹЩڷҺߣɨƤ»ߵļ׳棬һͻȻıս
ͣ
ƿնֱЩɫ׳ڵߡ
ʲô
һĻ˶һЩɫ׳ܹԷĽһָЩɫ׳棬̶ȿ֪
ֽУ롣
һж߷׷ȥҪֹǵֵܹס
ۣ
һ̣˳Ծ鷢ˡ
ĽֻǴЩɢߵƤµĽ׼ͬ㣬ЩƤµĽɫ׳档ÿһֻɫ׳涼νȻ㱻ĽֱУһ
ҺȻֹһɢ󺹣˵ڵأٺ㣬˿


1406 ٻսף
ǸϿ뿪ѾúΣգ󷨺ıǿĹϮʮһžкƾǼ˵ϵֵܰǴԵӹһ٣
˶߻죬һ̣žһģһɰΪ׵ģŰӵڣѸٲĵĹ
мŵҩ԰ﵽǣľҪԼˡ
δ䣬ɫĸ״ҩǰȥʱȣ취ģƻԿ϶иΣ١
ֹиʦǣ¶⡣
֣һȣ̨֪մ
Ϊ׵ͼס壬һ̣âһѾʧһ֮Сʱ˵
磬ϵ
ͻȻһ࿵ϸţӶߴ
˾ǸӣаķĵӣͬʱҲǴƵ壡
ʲô
ֵܵĻʱסˣ
֮ǰڽɢ˽һȥͶġ

ڵɢ߿϶
һɲǣΧһƬţ˾þ˵

ʱȣ岻ϵ󷨺ĶȥĽŲҲࡣ
Խ󷨺ģΣվԽֻҲԽԽ
䣡
һ޴ʯÿһʯ˺ϱײڵϵضɽҡ
ѾǴˣʯһǿҵ޾ڹעЩʯ֮Уӹ
ֻһĲҽУһ߱µʯУΪ촷ۡ
󷨴֮Уܵʵ̫ˣ嶼޷˼ÿһˡ

巢컯һɹӴգЩеһߡ֮˳ȻѸ뵽ٽ֮С
ǽͣҲƣΪѾϾȥЩˣЩÿһ̾ͶһΣա
ܾȶǶ٣һоͿԼ컯ˡ
а
һ·Ŀ֮Ѿֲ̫ߣʱ˿̴֮УߣֻǾĵִģٵһݣеߡ
֮УҲֻܿپȶˡ
֨֨
һ󷨣ܹʯ깥ͬʱһĴŽĦ֨С
˷һֻֻɫ׳ͺܵʲôһ׷ԵĶ֣
ʼĽɫ׳治ͬЩ׳ÿһֻⶼһȦɫϼ⣬ڳŨҵĸ𲨶
ǵĸͷҲԴࡣ
Щʳߵġ
а
Щɫ׳ÿɱһ߾ܴϼȡٵǿ࣬Եı仯ϼ⡣
ǰĽɫ׳ϵϼԼŨҵ˴۵ĵز֪ɱ˶ߡ
žžž
ָаһ׳Ȼ˵鷢ˡָܸɵһֻĽɫ׳棬һֻϼⱻࣵһ˺ƣٶȲ
һĻ嶼ȻЩɫ׳Եõ˼ǿȥԼҪָָܸɵһֻɫ׳档
֨֨
һ࣬мХĽɫ׳ͺ̼ܵһ
ô嶼Եֵ
˵ʱʱ죬û˿ԥѸٻڵһ
սף
âһǸһɫսס
ͷ֡ۼסȭס
׽ȫ棬ֻ¼ƬͼƬ֮һЩ϶
Ȼһϣ׵ķ϶˲ȫպϣûκεĿɳ֮
飡
һ̣ײ⴫
һֻֻɫ׳治ͣײϣȫ
ʲô
󷨵ģصӰһֱע壬ͻȻһɫףΪ׵üͷһıɫ
Ҳ¶˳Ծɫ
ɫ׳治ͨķƷϹ֣ƳߵϡǵĹһֻֻʳ̸֣ͨ׸ֵܵסǡ
׺󣬿˿Ӱ졣
ˣɽе߾ķ֮ǰûпϴףһǺЩһģ
һͻȻڵ
һ䣬ֶ¶һ˿վǰ죬ɱ糱
κηҪҵҪܹ׳Ĺ£ŵ˶ã
סСӣӴĹξԲۣ
˵ɫޱȡ
ǣ
Ѹȥ
ʱ˿̣֪Щ仯˵ˣ˷һֻֻɫ׳治ϵײֲϵĵȥȫսס⣬ȫκβ
ʱ˿̣ȴ˲
սҪڵ״һսף൱˶졣ߣͻʱ߻ħ˵ǸΣա
Ҳ֮ǰûôս׵ԭ
ֹˣսֵܹеĽ׳湥ҲȻи޷ֲȱݣʱơ
ս׳ʱ䣬ܳʱڵ״һյʱ䶼ԳΣڴ֮ǰǰϵ󷨺ģƽ󣡡
սڣ尵ɫ԰ޱȡ
ӿʼڣģھҲԽԽңһоǿҵΣЩڱˣԼǿ˹ءʦͼҲðȫ
ΣҲ󷨡
Ѿ뵽ĵĵˣֻҪ󷨣ͿԵִˡ
аһ߲ϵתԺеĴģ͡󷨵Ӵ͸ӳ̶ԶԶ񣬾Ծ˵ٶġңԽͨģҪԽӡ
ͼ˵ûʵ̫࣬ʵ̫ӣϣǲ֮ˣĻ˺ͨƳǹ˴ģͣ㣬󷨺Ѿ漰ּļ㣬Ǹ㲻ġ
ӵģͣͬҲ൱ķ
¡¡
ݵʱһ󷨺ĵķ̧ͷ֮Դ֮зּһ󲨵ϫĳַʽ̶
Щһֶֽˣ
۾΢Уͫһ˿Ĺâ
һ·Ѿߴĺˡÿһκǿ࣬ʽҲԽǿ˵Ĵڲ϶񻯣ԽԽΣա
üӿٶˣ
а
֨֨
һŽ˻ХڶĽɫ׳滹ڹһΣѸٽ뵽һ֮С


1407 ͳһӪ
𣡡
һ֮УһС̧ͷֻ֮ŭһ侳۷ߣһ޼ɺۣһܵĽӦܵļʯеص׹İɫҽ
Сģ
סһǵģ
Σܷһݻ󣡡

ЩߵĴǳҪӦ󷨵ĹҪһֻֻɫ׳ĹЩߵϷǳĬңȻҲڸʹĴ֮󣬷˶Ըɫ׳㡣
һ߲ϵĻųΧһֻֻɫ׳档ʮֻ׳ȻûһֻܹͻǷÿһͻᱻķɳȥ
ĿģȺ룬һͷ޴ĺɫ롣Ǿ޴׳ɽ壬ִĽƲϵĴţ˷ĹдǱˡЩɫ׳Ҳ൱һ֣Ǳ˹ȥ
ɫַʽԼȫЩ侳ߡ
ˣ
ŷϣ
̤֮УɫһΪ⡣û뵽Ȼڴôĵطŷ˵ĸǡȻܼ֣Ǿ嶼ǵ¼䲻ֹۡ
ŷ㻯ĺɫڵһûУµ˸Ҳһɫ԰ף亹ˮһ㣬Ӷͷյʽµĵ涼ʪȻЩ˵ѾѼ̫ˡ
һִ©Щɫ׳ͳ롣롣
ʲôˣ
㣡
Ǽӣ
˵ʲôˣа۴ˣаħͷ

ͻȻһ󱩺Ӷд崳ŵʱͬ˵ע⡣һɲǼ䣬൱һĵ׼ͻȻֵ壬սţŲѡ
Сħͷʱ֣һ⡣ǾҲù
쵰͵Ϯǣɱ
ˣͬھ

һ侳˸ŭȲѡȻսףȫû׹졢صս֮У˻һ۱˳
ʱս׺ԪһӲƴһӡ̡
ȫӦʱ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼʱ֡аķɽе˾֪ʲôѺаħͷϵһ𣬴˵Ⱥš
ƽʱҲͰˣҲþ
ڣĴ룬ܿҪ;ƿݵľأβɲŭ
忴һĻҲɫ΢䡣
ոջڿҪҪЩˣЩĸҶ֣Ǿ͹ֲˡ
ס֣
ʱһ󱩺ͷؼʱ̣ɫ˳ŷͻȻڣޱȣ
˭Ҷӳ֣˹洦ã
ⷭϣ嶼üͷ
ǳϣаͽ
һ侳˸з񣬲㱻һͷɫ׳洳˽һаʦͽɱۡ˭Ҳû뵽ŷȻȻ෴һʱɵýѹȡ
ûпǣͳͳ£
Ӿȹˣǵʱˡˣаˣֶ𱨵ǻҹܲϡڣ˭Ҳöӳ֣
ŷɫɡ
ǣ
ȻٰĲʣǳϵ˸ҷԡ
һֱԹۣһĻҲΪ⡣Ϊһսûŷ̬Ⱥȫͬ
ӣԲԹа̬Ҳܹıģϣܹ£
ŷӺɫд
Ͽˡ


ʱһĲҽϷλһ侳ĴֲͻȻ֮䱻һֻɫ׳֮С侳ֱѾӽ;ƿݵ״̬ʱֵˡһգۣɫ׳ҧ֮С
ң
侳ֵڵϣʹ෭Ųֹ
ͩ
˴ʧɫȻûȵǳȥһ̣ŵһ㣬һ֮ͭԭܵķȦһֻֻɫ׳ϼɣ˳ȱ˽

ͽɫ׳ײڶϵĽһЩɫ׳ɳȥȻԽˣԽû֮󣬾书ٸҲֵסЩɫ׳ĹֻһҽУ˻侳ֵȥ
Ȼ©ƫ꣬ʱ򣬺¡һһХһǧļʯХ
һ󷨹ʱˣеļ֧ʯʱ򣬶֮֮֮ǰԽǿˡ
ã
һĻŷһ룬𣬾޴Уŷ㻯ĺɫצһģ͵ĽзµɡȻһֻ̣һĲҽУһֻͷϼҵĽɫ׳Ȼ˳ŷļ֮С
Ľɫ׳治ֻͬ˶Ľɫ׳Ȼǰɫģͬ觱ʯһ㡣
һŷһңļ꣬ŻԵŷЩ֧ÿһ֧ƴŷ˲ǧƼĹһѪ
кɫ룬ҲᵹѸٵ
ϣ
һĻһ˸ʧ׷׳ŷķ˹ȥһɫңȫʧȥ򶨺ƽĹ˲ˡ
󷨺ģԽ˵ڻܻţȫŷ㣡ǣŷҲܳõļȥ

ڶԽԽĽɫ׳ų룬ߵĽɫ׳ҲȥһЩۿŷ˸־ڽɫ׳֮£ϸ룬һΣ͵˹ȥ
¡
ʯ䣬·һըԽ⻷ըͬһʱһӴϱŷǵضȥļ֧ʯȫһ˺ҷһ㣬Ⱪ俪
ã
һɲǣҲ룬Ȼݷˡ컯˸ٵĹ˲߽⡣֨һֻɫ׳֨ţһ˸˹ȥڰ;֮УͱһӴ塣
屬Щɫ׳涼ֵס׷׳塣
ϣ
԰ټƵĽɫ׳ײսϣ졣
ŷϣһһֻܰôˡʮţһյ֮ǴأڰءǺ󳷵Ψһᡣǰһɣ
ʯ䣬˶
ܰˣ
˻ûһ仰˼һ̣ܼĽɫ׳湥УһֹֻŰɫıۼףȻңңһ
¡𶯣ֻһ춯صľ죬һ̣һӴģ֮糱ˮһ㣬ͻȻյ£ŷȺ˵ĸ֡


1408 ʧʯ
ԡԪ֮У˵Ϣ
ʲô
ͻ𣬿һĻ룬֮Уصͬߵļ𺧣Ĳţ۾Ҫۿˣ
ôܣȻ󷨵
԰ŷ˵ģǱˣǴ򿪣բ룬ǿ󷨹֮
ǶŻᷢ顣
ΣСһҪųе׳棬ҵҪжٱ£
Ϊ׵һŭ
ԭĿеߣڣѾȡˣΪеıɱĿ꣬һ˲䣬еĽɫ׳涼ͷųȥԸ塣

֮УеĽɫ׳棬һ֮СڳȥͬʱϻһĽеļֻɫ׳䱬
ŵͬϢЩɫ׳̼Խķˣеļ׳ȫӵȥˣӰһЩɫ׳ʧ˵ҰС
󣬴֮УôһɲǣһƬţһ仰Ҳ˵ر֮ǰЩ˸֣߲ѣɫӡ
վֱһΰ
ŷ㿴ȥķг̾Ϣһ
׼ʮ֮뿪
ŷһܿع´

Ȼȭŷ˾ʵɡÿʹһδ컯ڵͶһ֣͸ոôУڵѾࡣ
͸սȥͻᷢʱһƬ԰ס
ţţţšپش󣬾ͿԵִ󷨵ĺˣ
аһΣûٵߡһĵļ󷨣Ǳɣûִܹôĵط
ƾԼӴļϵ룬ܵĹڲϵļǿǾ󲿷ֶ˹ȥ
䣡
Χغռգ֮䣬ͻһش󣬵ִﵽ˴ĵڶء
ǰһѪɫĹâܵĿռѬȾɺɫһ㡣ڴıԵһοһ޴İɫʯ塣
Щʯʮɸߣұ滹һЩķģеʯ嶼ƶ֮С
ʯ
һ۱˳Ҳֻںͼ˵Ľ̸УżȻ֪ģ󷨵ĶʯϹʱǿ󷨣ĵĲ֣ʹʯĲϡ
ֽʯΪ󷨵ĺģԹһĵشʹκνߣڵʧҲΪ˱󷨵ĺĶ衣
Ȼͼ˵Ҳǵһμ
ʧִֶѾˡ
ûǰ󷨵ĺһ·ۣͨ
һΣܿƴǰȥ
ΧĽɫ׳ԽԽ࣬֨֨Ĵ̶ڶȥΧɰǧԼ
֮ǰͬЩɫļ׳ƺҲսԹƣԸıսԣΧת
Ȼ˹ԵԽΣգЩɫ׳棬ͺݷҰް㣬ǰֻҪһ
Щɫ׳ʼΧߣҲȫ赲ȥѹѹһƬʲôҲʱҲֻþ˫ˣþ̽·˫ۿģȻвСĲࡣ

һ̣һɴɫĻ棬͸ŻԵϢڶ֮ǰηĽɫ׳棬ɫĦ֮һգ죬㣬׷״Ӱ׹ȥ
ֹˣűĽɫߵҲյĽһƬ
ţ
һĻΪ⣬ֻΪӿ̫ܼʲôҲŴûɢһ£û뵽ЩЩغ˵Ħ֮ƺЩɫ׳żǿĿá
һĦ֮еĽɫ׳·ܵ޴ľһ׷ɢȥѵõĻᣬԾĶ̣꣬ʯĹ£ӿٶȣ󷨺Ķȥ
Щɫ׳ڿһܣƹ֮һ㣬ٴ׷ȥ
䣡
һգۼ䣬ٴδһ󷨣ִĵһ󷨡
ΧԪĲԽľңΣյϢҲɼαӡ
ͣ㣬Ѹ󷨵ĺĶȥ
ˣ
ڿҪִ󷨺ĵʱ򣬺׷Ľɫ׳ͻȻһͺʲôµĶһ׷ȥֻһգۼʧ١
ţ
üͷһ壬Ϊ⣬Щɫ׳ײǼʶģԼĦ֮Ҳ޷Ǿϣƹ֮һĹκΪ֮
ڣЩɫ׳Ȼȥʵǲǵϰԡ
ҲãҿԽʡһˡ
һ˲ɢȥϵսסսȻǿޱȣĵҲͬˣûнɫ׳вмֵʱ䣬ܸӵĳá
ѹеͷܿ쳯Ķȥ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һŴΧͻȻһڼ󷨵ġ
ԶԶȥһ۾Ϳ󷨺ıԵһͬ߹ǰʯЩʯÿһӨ͸¿խһͬذװ㣬ֱա
ԶԶȥЩʯ滭һЩصĺɫġ
ЩӦþ󷨵Դˣ͸ЩʯܣʹеŲͣãΣء
ЩʯڴʮҪҪִȴȲףЩӴ㣬Խ󲿷ֵ赲⡣
ûԥһߣѸٷӹȥ
ۣͬ籩ۣ֮Ȼ꣬ǵΣԷûôˡ
а
ʯΧƽ˾ܿԹȥһž޴ʯΧĿӹʯϵһЩ֣üͷһʱ˳
׭
ʯϵһЩɫ֣дΪ⡣
֮ǰŵʱӴϹŴ֣ڵ伮мĲͬЩǶǣȻ׭ЩƣȴӵĹϡ
岢ʶЩ׭̺˼ܹоЩУһּǿ
¿ȥЩʯϣһЩֺͷţͻȻ֮䣬Ŀӹʯ׶һķӡǣͫһıɫ
ôܣȻȻǸӡǣ
忴ʯ׶ˣһ޵ͼ޵ͷ­ʧֻ򦣬λûһЩϸС֣ǳĹϣǣ˳ŹĶˣȻһ˿˿͸һ˵ء
Ϊʲôĩռ̳ϵķģ⵽ô£󣬴ɾһеʲôϵ
һͷԺзӶжʱɲǼʯʱҲú֮ǰȻͬ


1409 ĩռ̳
һǰ屾Ϊֻǵҵµһ湦ٽɹڵκϵ߻ħ
ôû뵽￴صӡǡ
һɲǼ䣬һ£˼˲룬׷ݵʱǰĳЩļ䡣
һɲǣ뵽˺ܶܶ࡭
Щ߲ǴһģеУģģɰɽ׼򿪵ʱѷ죬Ҳ֮Ϊĩռ̳
½ϵһߵڣ˺Щֽ˺üʱڣն
һսǰ˵ִۼɽɵġĩռ̳
Ӵļ̳ʮ׸ߣڼ̳룬޴ĽʯѪһɺ죬һ͸
ҪĽʯ棬οֲͬٻġҪطУһ־ͺǰһģһ
ַģû˼Ҳû̺ٻЩϣַͼȻҪ
ɾʲôˣЩʲôϵĴУΪʲôкͰɽһͼѵ˵
һɲǣ뵽ࡣ
ȻǴ󣬵УһѾȫͬ
꣡
ʯ䣬û˿ףͻȻ֣͵һ£һѿǰǸ޴ʯϡ
¡
µɲǣضҡ󶼾ҵĶ
ô£
ڴĺ֮⣬صصĵطԪһԣһ˵ĸַ׷̧ͷһɲ
üδĺÿһζǴ󷨵ĺĴÿһ󷨵ǿ֪Ϊʲôһε󷨺ǵĸоǰνȻͬ
󷨵ˣ˵ִ󷨵ĺˣ
һ˵ĳϵ
֪ʲôˣȻô͵ִ󷨵ĺģʵǲС
һ˵ĳϸ͵
Ԫһû˵ֻ΢΢һüͷ˼

ˣ
ͬʱΧ𶯣а˺ͼ˲վһͼʱٳʯ֮Уͬ󷨺ĵķ
󷨵ǺӦѾִˡ
ͼͻȻڵ
а˵˵ͷп˿顣
һ㲻𣿡
ͼͻȻڵΣأʱ߻ħа˵Ҳδ̫ƽˡ
ģ
а˵ɹž޲
ͼ˼״ʱһ
ķʦôġѵˣСӵƶϣĿǻһЩʱܳͷ
֪
֪㻹򶨣
ͼŭͽ֮ܽأʦȴ㲻ģﻹиʦӡҪǴ򲻹аķй˼ɣֳ츳Ǻ޲ðԼͽܡ
֪ʲô
аĿǰƽĿᶨޱȣ
Ҳǲֻǣҵĵӣ
ˣ
⻰ͼͻȻʲôŤͷ
һɲǣͼ˲ûע⵽а۵Ĳһ£һЩѩĹâͨĵӣаȷʵᵣһ·侳ڣ̶꣬Ѿɳ˴۷壬ӽ΢ĵزһһϵеĿѫ
һУԼŬĽм䣬ûշ
κʱΪʦ㡣ضûʲôѵס㣡

ˣСӿʼƻˣȥʯȫҪƻˣ
֮УӰһֱע塣
֮У˶ڴԪһͬǸаڣСڣܹ󷨺ģвǵģҲֻһ塣
һʮ߰꣬ȻпƵɾµĴ󣬱˵ˣЩˣû뵽
ǰˣֹûʯǶԴĲٿͻܵӰ졣Ҳ½ࡣ
һҲŵ
꣬䣬գۼһʯݻ٣صĵڵϡһǣ˵ɫѿޱȡ
ˣҪֹ𣿡
һӼ
ǰйâòʯǰǸϴݻٵ꣬ɱ糱
У
Ϊ׵ԥķ
ȻܹƴĲܸıйɣ漰󷨵ĺĲ֣ɾֻҪԷִǾ;Բ֣
˵һ䣬ɫ΢΢ЩѿӵɫҲüȻ
ȻʹֵǣЩҲҲء
ǴˣѵǾƻǺɾԸӱۣ
һӽȭͷʵ
ΧһƬԵţ˿󷨺ıԵƻʯ壬˭Ҳû˵
ûôףЩʯֻǴԵĲ֣ƻЩʯҲֻ󲿷ֵȻԶԴıӰ졣ɾµĴô׾ƻġִҲ޷ĺģ
˵һ䣬վǰָ͸һζɫһ漴ʲôͻȻࡣ

ȻƻЩʯܻٵ󣬵ٿʦǣߵĴƺܶ࣡
꣬ıԵ彫һʯݻ٣ľ޴ʯصڵϣһ̳жʱ滺ࣺ
ֻʣ󷨵ĺˣ
һΣ󷨺Ķȥ
Ƭ֮ڵִ󷨵ĺĵشɫŨֱ̹ʣŨҵԪӿ糱ͨ˶ܸоõ
ֻصĿκΪ֮Ȼʧɫ
ֻʣһˡ
ǰа
͸ɫĹỤֻ̃ܣڻģһ޴ĽɫԲɫԲ߰ʮ׸ߣֺ׳ʥϣ˵ĸоȻͬ
Բ·ڰɭɭģɲ⡣ȻֻҪͿڲ
ֻǿһĻԽĽˡ
󣬺ųµһ󷨣ΣأֵطԽǰȫԽΣա
ž
ָһ֮ǰЩʱһʯƬ͵뵽˰ɫŨ֮С
ͣʯƬŸոս뵽ŨУʱһʴʯƬͺùһ㣬ѸٵķڱС
ЩʯƬӹش󷽵Ļʱճɺڻң׵һĩû¡
һĻʱɫ


1410 ǬԾ֣
ݣ
һɣʳжָһһõĶϽ˳ȥ
ٶȱʯҪö࣬ͬģĳʴٶҲҪöࡣϽһ밵ɫشԾ˵ٶȸʴڡ
ʣµĲ֣һյĵشΪɫ֭
׼һĻҲƤ΢
˵ĳͨĸЩɫĶܹѸٵĸʴЩϽ֪֮
ڸЩȼյ桭ֻѰ׶ᱻ˲û
Щ̻ɾģÿһޱȣǿױһжữΪˮ
ӹЩͨǣɾµĽƣҲһɣͱ˵ˡܴùЩصģ
֮УվǰӸ¸壬ȴľǰҲһ
ΣЩе߶ˡ
ĮȻȫע壬ȴһж
еһڿԽˣ
аͬʱԶ
ϣ
΢һǰȥ
ڼ밵ɫŨ̵شʱâһսף˾ȵĿУѸ̤Ũ֮С
ˣ
һĻһ
ߣ߿ˣٺõ׶з϶Ũ̻޿ײ룬Сˣ
ӿҡͷѣԭ̽ΣΪСӻ֪ѶˣĽȴĽȻ෴
̤Ƭ
һ˶עŨеǵӰĵȴ¡
֮ʯף
ûı仯û˿ԥ̤ɲǣѸٷеķ϶սΪĿռ䣬еһи⡣
͵첻ڶֶھҵĸʴսףֻеĸʴȫˡ
ǰŨݺᣬѾʲôˡ
彫ɢѸٳǰȥ
ʣ°յʱ䣬Ҫӿˡ
а
ȻɣɹĽָʴԵĶ̸⣬ȴޱȡսȻǼڵ״ֲ̫á
ಣ
һΣٳǰȥֻһգۣʹ˶̵ش뵽ŨŨĻȼ
ڽǰɲǣһע⵽Ƭ򽻽شΧ£ŽɫԲ򣬹Ųľ޴ʯЩʯϣٴοĩռ̳ϵĺɫ޹ӡǡ
ֱԽԽˣ
аһжһ˵ĹС
󣬵Уȴùأİء
գ
һֻƸżӲĸּף̤ڳҵĻУֻһգۣ뵽˻𺣡
Ǽ䣬һݵĳҸ´ӽŵ״ܿȫÿһطޱȣսףҲ޷ȫȡ
ôһɲǣоԼȼգóޱȡ
бףս׷ˣǺĿҲֻܾ֮ڡֻƾֲ̫ü촩
¡¡𶯣û˿ԥ̤Ÿ֪У߰ʮ׸ߵľ޴ɫԲ̤ȥÿһ̤¡¡죬ضɽҡ
ܣ
󷨺ģصӰ̤ϵĽӽԲһ۾Բˡ
ô飿ܣܣ
򣬾κֵܹɾµŨ̺һ𣡾ܣ

ǵϿӰ˼ֱԼ۾ÿ˸ܵһǰδеĳ𺧡
˼Ųɵ񻰡ɾµЩػķֶΣҲŲɵıݡ
ڣŲɵĶڱƣǱһʮ˾ˡ
䣡
ĺɫУǵɫӰٶԽԽ죬˾µĿУֻһɲǣ㴩˿ԷĻ𺣣˾޴ĽɫԲǰ
һɲǣбޱȡ
ˣҪˣ
Ǹ޷ֹ

ͦεӰĿһƬҡ
ĴƵ񻰣Ҫˡ
ȥ
𣬸֪Ķǰ˸ߵĺڰһѸٴ˽ȥû뵽˽ɫԲͨС
һһƬȫûĻ塣
忪ʼԵ÷ǳСģһ̣ӿŲ󷨺ķӶȥ
¡
ɫԲ߰ɵʱͻϣһĦӶдͬһʱ䣬ΧǽļĽݣƥͬ޵һ㣬ǧͻȻΧ£
ݺս׹βһƶĤ졣
ã
ӿٶȣȥͬʱΧĽȥҪЩݺ£֮ǰ󷨺֮С
һ̣ת綼۵
ֹˣ˳ĹҰĻΡһӴЮԼľͷȥ
¡
ֻһ죬תڴĽݹг˳
Ӵ£¡һص׹ڵϣ̳䣬ûعХһӴϢԼͷݺ
̳һ޴ʯ˫˺ϱԺ֮صڵϡ
ţ
׹ڵϵľ޴ʯ̲סƤһıɫ󷨵ĺĸûЩ󷨹ֻΧİ֮УŻֵ͵ʯֻǵԼ˳ôֵط
Ȼûϸ˼һͷԽԽڶ޴ʯϵĴͷ䡣޴ʯϣ̺Ӵݺݵ׹ڵϣҿһ޴ĿӶ̳
أȻǴǬľţô
ͷͬʱԺѸת㣬ѸԼλá
󷨺ģٳʱ򣬾ȻΧĵأ
Ȼֱƹ˵һغ͵ڶأһδ֪ķʽ׵Χ
֨֨
һŽ֨֨ӶдѸٽ˻һȺɫ׳濴壬ȺӣѸ˹ȥײսס
ʱ䲻ˣ
һݣϸ룬Ѹٳ󷨣ٴ󷨺Ķȥ
䣡
Ƭ֮һ죬ٴα˳
ڴĵءγȥ׷ɵ˴ĵڶءͺڤڤ֮Уһεϣһ
ˣô£
ĳ֮УӿһĻ
ӹȥڣûһ뵽ôĵطһʱ֮䣬Ƕ֪ϱ׷ɵʲô
ǣû⣬ӦþǬԾˣҲǴɾµһؿ
վǰ죬˼Ƭ̣ͻȻЦ
Щ˶̫ˡɾµĶĻôƽġҪģƽǬԾ֡Ҳֻ֪⻹ǵһ˼а۴ܹѾ԰ˡһҲ͵Ϊֹˡ


1411 ս죡
ǬԾȻϣֻҪ츳ˣǲƣҲǶʱܹġ٣Ѿûʱˣ
˵һ䣬Ťͷ
Ӹ߿и¾ͻ֣ᷢ󷨺ıŷ֮ʵŴĸȷɢĳĹ켣ѡSұ仯ڴγһ޴ͼ
ЩӴڻתҳֳͺϣڲȶļ
ǬͺϣҲǿЩһ򾡵ʱ򡣵ʱ򣬲ʲôߣڴд
վǰ˵ŤͷƳе壬Ц
һʱĽϵжѾҪˣƻ˶ٴʯҲҪҪǣһ
ϵǼǿսףҲΪǵƷ
׼һ°ɣȵе˱֮ը촷ۣǾ뿪
վǰ쵽
ǣˣ

ʱգһһĹȥ
ģվһ͸սףԿɫ԰ףͷ亹ɫѿѡѾִ룬ֻһͿԽ棬ƻ󣬵ȴʼղŶ롣
ȥΣȴζ˳ڵģѾֲ˶ˡ
ûʱˡսʮʱ䣬Ҫ׵ʧˡûսףҸûа취ͨЩ档
֮Уʱɫأֱ
ûһ̣о˵Ľš
һλᣬٱ׳ȥһΣҲ޷֮ˡ
ս֮У亹ӱǼȻ촽ÿһ亹һʱӰڶҲһĵ㡣
ɾĴ󣬱ĻҪͻơ

κ󷨶ǿԱƵģ޷ƽ󷨣ôܽ뵽ĺҪ֮У

վھ޴ĽɫԲǰһͺһ
һɲǣʱ·ͣԺд˷һͷǧͬһ㣬ϵķӶ
ǰҸ㴫һ仰̫ǣеĴ󶼲ǹģǻΪһ壬ֻҪİأһԽģݻ󷨣
ʱһϤ϶ͻȻӶߴ
ʦ
Ϊ⣬ʦ֮ͨԴϵԼݵϢ
ҪôĴݸԼҪ뼫С󷨷ڣʦͼҲţ
ʦͽˣ
Ѹ˫΢գ¶˼ɫ
ͬһʱ̣˼ʱһطа˻۾֮Դ
Ĳ²Ⲣûда˺ͼȷʵţ˵ʯꡢ֧ӿȫ֮ط
״ģͣͼ˺ܴĸ͸Ҳе
һȻΣգ˵˵ĴûôΣա
ϼһҴ仰ʲô˼
аŤͷһԵͼ˵
ֻ֪˵֮еһЩʶѡ֪͸ˣ
ͼݵ
󷨳ٳûƣҲСһ϶鷳ҴǴ£ųµһ󷨣󷨺ıضΣأڶࡣҲֻܰһһˡ
ʲô
仰а˴һرɫ
ΪͼǾ仰ижеķʸû뵽ͼȫײ
鷳ˣ
а󷨺ĵķޱȡ
֣ȱģǺ츳µһ󣬵еİأͻҲδ֪
ͼ˵ԱȰο

ʱ˿̣֪ʵ顱
˫ۣվھ޴ĽɫԲǰһԺм˼
̫ǣеĶһġ
˼ţͼʦ˵仰
ԺĻۻͣת֮ǰͬԺе󡱿ʼһֺ֮ǰȻͬķʽת
峢ŴӲͬĽǶȣ
̫ǣĵĽԲ򲻾һ޴̫𣡡
ͻȻ֮䣬һȻʲôͷӹԺһ̣Ժݳ󡱣Ҳ˷츲صı仯
¡¡ĿУһʹһģһȴСǧĽԲͻȻ󷨵ĺ
Բһ֣ĸоʱȫͬ˵ԭݳģɶֻа˵ĻôԲ֮ɶѾﵽ˾š
ԣʯ
֮ǰԼݻٵһڵʯнԲļŻ쾧ʯһԺĴм⼸ΪҪʯ
⼸ʯ֣帣飬ͻȻһȫµķʽת
ǣ
һͻȻеţֽȻͬķʽתһ̣ŵƷת
ʱδ죬ֻʣʮʱˡ
ԺдԽԽ죬һɲǣԺе㣬Ѿӽǧ
߸
䣬һɲǣԺеĴȻһͣһɲǣ忴ԽԲΪģȻֳSߡ
Ͽո£ǡǡһ̫ͼ
һɲǣͻȻʲô
ԣͨЩ̫Sͼĵطڸûôֻܹ࣬
ĿѸٶˡSߣԲĵط

ԸоϵսѸԸо棬ָ£ѾﵽȣӲĸΪ֮ڻ
ûս׵ıԼڵ״һУ¾
һ
һɲǣڸϵ˽Բ򣬺͡S߽ӵĵط
ǰһƬ⻬ĽǽڣûκεͨȻû˿ԥ͵ײ˹ȥ
ˣ
ϣǰƬļ̵ġݡȻͬˮһ㣬
ֻһɣȻ˴ײ˽ȥ
ǼӲĽݾȻһ
¡սʧһ̣ڴһطһ·뵽󷨵ĺġ

һɲǣĿһеӰľһ仰˵

·ֻһɲǣַ·ͣ建ڿһĺġ
ĲһԲڲǳտ
Ŀ෴һƬףռĺģ忴һ̳ϣһ˻ɫս졣


1412 
սֻߣò֪ĲƳɣɷдżϵ塣
岢ʶֹϵ壬Ȼֵ״ϱǵ˼
ս죡
˲֪ɵģԺжһͷ
ͼ˵ӴĴ󷨶һĶΪۣ񵱳ľѪսһۣȻս졣
ֻҪγ˴죬Ϳƻˡ
аôľڵִ
¡
ʱͻȻһľ촫С
ĿУҡضһɿֲӼ̳صױ
ս֮УսͻȻѸٱ仯գ֮仯Ϊһ೤ڴϸѪ쾧ʯˣεĻɫҲʮ
䣡
˲Ϣ䣬һɰ˴սΪģΪһѸûƬռĶˡ
һ̣ĸ֪УǹɿֲѸٱŷΪǧɣŴⲿӿȥ
¡¡
ͬʱ˷ٴϤĴغһٴεõ˼ǿ
ˣˣ󷨵ּǿˣǲܻˣ
ĳһɢ߹ڵأķǾ
ѵҪ𣿲ʰ˭ȾǣҲ
һһ˺۵߹ڵء
ּǿˣ˶ˣ
飬ԽԽ˹ڵأг˾
˳ʱսǵļ࣬ϵĵҩһաԴֹû˵ֵˡ
棡Щˡ
һ˻Ƶǿ־壬
ĵأһ˵ĸ˺ۣһֻֻɹĽɫ׳棬Ǿɫ
ǰͺʲôûпһԣĿŴĵķɫޱȡ
ЩĽɫ׳ȻǶ˵Σջڴĺġ
̫ǿˣ󷨸Ƶˣ֮ǰ̫ˣ
а
һ·ӴΧִа뢣Ҳķ൱ĹŹϣԴԴһθоԶսʤĸо
ֻǴΧǿˣ󷨵ĺĵشֻεĿֲ
Ԫһԭ󡭡Ҳ첻𣿡
Ťͷһ˲Ϣ䣬Ժͷ

ʱ˿̣һ沢֪ԪһԼͬһĬĬ
ֵ˺ܶ࣬ûа취ټǰˣ
Ԫһһ˵ĸе
ԪһĴ£Ѿ˴ĵڶأһΣܹ뵽ĺĵشȻ˶ѾѼȥˡ
ָ󷨹ڲϼǿԪһ죬˿ҲѾﵽ˼ޡټȥܹĵشҲѾʧ
Ԫһû˵ֻĬĬǰʱû֪ʲô
Χ֨֨ϣһֻֻɫļ׳ڿзţһЩɫ׳ֱſԪһĳϿʳȻЩ˼£ƺرߵĽɫ׳棬ȻԿжԪһٶȴǳ֮ͺǿʳĲԼϲһޱȵĽʯ
⻹ЩµĽɫ׳һԿжĶ֣һ㣬µĪ̾Ϊֹ
ԪһϯסˣҲеĽɫ׳˹
ȻܽЩΣյĽɫ׳ԪһҲǳģֹۡȻԶԸɫ׳棬ȴûа취ԸΧǲ󷨹
һ·ĪдУһδεı뾪ţţһ֮УʹԪһԵʧءϣѪ߰ߣһ˵ĸɫ԰ףϢ٣ۿ޷ټǰˡ
ԪһȻԶǶǰУǣ˸ֿ¾Ҫȫ
һʱ䣬λ֪Ҳ뵽˽άȵľء
ѵûа취𡭡
ԪһֶŴĵķ
һΣԶľ

¡
𶯣һ緢ٴδ󷨵ĺĳ˷
һɲǣһƬţÿжģȴյС

ˣ
˵սľĬĬʱһֻ޳ƽϸ壬ǿһס󷨺ļ̳ϵǸ˴ս졣
һе˸ýʱˣ
ͣڼ̳ǰһֻҲס˼̳ϵĴս졣
һϫ緢֮еһлָ˴սҲָԭĴСץסս죬û˿ԥ˴սݺݵק
ţȻβ
üͷһΪ⡣һΣսȻ˿ͺڼ̳˸һƬ̣û˿ԥٴμӴ
˰ٽǧһϵľӣǽȴû˿ĸı䡣
Ѹٸıսԣ𵴵˴컯Ħ֮½֮ԼеĹˣ̳ײһ˴ս΢΢ζһ¡
ӴսĻζԽԽҲԽԽءڣ䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬ĿУսĵײɶһ޴ѷ콫󷨺ĵļ̳һΪ
󣬵̳ѵͬʱһӴķ
ô£
Ǻ¡¡󣬲ֶȻѣգһ
˭Ҳ֪ʲô£ÿ˶ܸоշ·ѿһ϶ⲿϢй¶
ֹˣ˵ĸ֪УϢһͻȻ࣬һڲϵ˥֮С
ʲôѵˣ
׷˴ĵķ
ǲԵ޹ģǰһĻԤڵȫͬ
ͬһʱ䣬Ԫһһطҳɫһȫ˴롣˲ͬλеǿȫ϶˽뵽˴ģƻ
ÿ죬ʲôˣȻȻѾ˴ģ
һǣоɲ׷Ϊ֮ݡ
˶׽ĺжôѣԪһӽɫ׳ǿڣ޷ͻƵĵһأҪ˵ˡ
ѵ棿
Ԫһ΢΢۾˼
ˣ˵и˿󣬿ҲǸµ͵ʵ֮滹Ҫǿҳˡ
ӽڣԪһһֱûм
ѵԪһǸһ
ͬһʱ䣬УҲɵԪһͷϡ


1413 ջ
ɽ磬֪ƵµһҲֻԪһˡ
аʦͽԪһѡԵӵˡ
ڽȷѪ꣬ɱаۣôΪȥ
һ㣬ŵġ
һ̣ɽ̩ɽŵ鷢ˡ
һ¡¡ľ죬һ޾ϼӴĵķһɲâãϿգÿ˶һϤᱳӰ
ƺץһս죬Ŭİӡ
Ȼ棬˻һ˳
аͽ
ӣ
һ󾪺
һս̫˵ע⣬кܶ˶ǵλ죬Ԫһ棬һϸµˡ
رԪһһǣ˵ɫѿޱȡ
Ϊɽе̩ɽ˶ΪǶԷ뵽˺ģƻȻʼδǣƻģߵˣȻƲʶԵ塣
ɸһǺݺݵİơ
ķûУСĽ뵽ˣ
ãȻа֮ͽ
ͬʱһ򣬿޴ĻӰͼ۾һ˷ܵ
ôһɲǣѾʧˣǵû뵽ȻˣȻµһ󷨡
ֻҪһ֪ʶڵģͼоԺޱȣһ㣬һӡ
ȱ˵̫磬ڴ󳹵Ƶ֮ǰһлδ֪֮
һԣа˵˿Ϊ΢΢й¶

ʱ˿̣ģֻս±ŷĹâȴ֪ڴеһһѱ˿
ֻһˣ
ʱȫеǰĴսϣΪ󷨺ģͨĴսڲɶѾƴȫͷ亹ֱ£ڵϢѾ˲Щˡ
ֻһ㣬Ϳƿˣ
ֻһɲǣֺͣ¡һֻһɣ͵ذγ˴ս졣
սγɲǣ꣬һĴ죬̳ͻȻѿķ϶漴ҵը
󷨺ıƻضҡһӴĸƻ󷨺ĻӦ
ĸ֪УԭصĴͻȻƵƤһ㣬ְϢ½
䣡
һ춯صĻӴĸ֪ı仯һٺһ˷ܲѡ
һЩֱɵе̱˵ϡ
ʱ˿̣ڴĺģȴѾϾȥ˼Щˣγսƻ˴󣬾͵ڽⳡΣ
˥˵߽⻹Ҫһʱ䣬ʱעѾȫƻ֮󣬼̳¶ļˡ
һֻɫģȭͷСδ֪С޵С̬ǳ׶񣬾ͺʱҪʳһ㡣
忴ȥʱ򣬵һ۾ע⵽С޵򦣬Ѫ͹ϵһɲǣֱֻС޵Ȼĩռ̳ϵķͼһģһ
öĩӡǵ𣿡
գգ۾
еһжһ˵ĸоޱصζС޵еĸоԽԽǿҡ
λ֪Ĵɾһһߵĩǧ˿Ƶϵ
ΣһҪࡣŪһеô£
а
ߣƺ½ĩռ̳һֱʱ̶ûܹŪİءôɵģЩЩҪĲνģ
һΣǿҵĸоԼ֮УƺѾӴ˵ǳƽٵһЩؼࡣ
һܿע⵽С޵ͷֻԣһŵĶ
һöɫģĴָС·һͨ͸ӡ棬͸ҽиоһɺƴôһɲǣͻȻָоöɫ͸Ӿͺһ޾ˮһ㣬޾
ֻһɲǣֻ֮ѹ
Ŀһתܿ˾С޺ӲԶڼ̳֮¶һһϾɡ߲ģƽǽ𣬷ǲǲؾᡣǳɾһȥ˿ܲһ¶ص·֡
һһţͽС
ǡͼ
̯ᣬֻǿһۣʱ۾һΪϲ
һϸĴͼţĻأдеѭͨеӦоУޱȡ֮Ժݳġ󡱻Ҫӣӵöࡣ
һпȥһЩصģûпĹܶϸļء
屾Ѿݳ˴ųɵĽṹйɣĽṹͼָơ
ԭЩڱƶ󷨣˶
ͼֽĵĳȻһЦһ˲佫ֻɫС޵񣬻дսȫС
ಣһΣͻȻںĵشıԵֻԲڱڴڱһ͹Ľǽשһһľ졣һ״ĽݴϷ£˲ֳһȫµͨ
һΣݣ㳯ŽԲ϶˶ȥ
ˣ
ڷݶͬʱ彫ڵĴ컯ؼ䣬һɹʧȥԼɢݵۺǣͶһûڡЩؼɢݵΨһܹԴ
ϣϷݵͬʱսףͬʱ͸֮ԴͨԼڴеʦаˡ
Ƭ̵ϢټɵǵѾ尤ʦа˸ϵˡ
Ȼһ̣âһִԲ򶥶һصĿռʱǴ߰ʮ׸ߴĽƽ̨ʧ١ֻвԶһ޴ѪˮϣͱƻĻأĺۼ
ˣ
ߵˮǰŵһЩҵЬӡʱԼҶ˵ط
ȻЩӦǷԼǰ뿪ˡ
Щ˵ʲôˣ
üͷɻѡ
Ϊٻһݵս侲彥оһЩɵĵطϸ룬Щ˾ڸߴ۹·˷ӦǿԹ۲쵽Լж
仰˵кüλᣬֹԼ
֪ΪʲôЩȫˡǿԼγս죬ƻصĺҲʼûг֡
ǷҪɱеľٶȻ෴ʵ̫ͬѰˡ
ǲԸǲܣЩ˼Ȼܿƴ󣬱ȻǺǧ˿ƵϵðŴƻΣն֣Ҳֻԭ򡣡ЩܹƴǰᣬһĳЩΥԼԣ
˼Ƭ̣ܿ׹
ΣЩһʹкĹϵ


1414 ˵ǳ
ɱ
˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬һӶдһŤͷ߰ʮ׵ĸ߿ոֻ岼ƵĴ֮Уڻ˺ɱ
֮Уһ۾Ϳ˾벻ԶսԪһһطҳսʦԼͼˡ
ȻѾֹͣתɽе˿̲Ÿոտʼ
˳ķ
꣡
帩ʱֻһ춯صľ죬һͻȻͷһ̧ͷȥһ̣һޱȵĳ
Ϸһֻ޴ĽɫͻȻ̽˽޴Ľɫָΰס˴ν磬һֻɽľƸ̽룬ץסνһߡ
¡
һ춯صľ죬ֻ޴ͬʱӲνǿа⿪ֻһĺ𺳵ĿУͻȻ˺һǧľ޴ѷ죬ν糹˺ѡ
͹ѷк£ҫ
ֹˣʹڱıԵܵǿãʱԽˡ
¡¡𶯣һѷ첻ϵݺķѡ
ŵĴУֱա
ƣӣѶ
ڴеһƬҵʱͻȻһϵޱȣӴϷѷд
һȥֻеѷ룬ֻɫ֮䣬һӰȫźۣԼķ
ǣ
һ˲ϳǵӰһֱ׷ɱԼĺЩ˵ϢϤˡ
У˾ԼķУѸٱù̡еǵɫӰԼٽӽʣЩȷʵǳԼġ
ˣ
Уһɹɢݵ˷㼯ͣĳڣѸ׳ĹĴ컯ѾﵽһΣյľأκпܼ߻ħĳ̶ȣǴ˿̣Ѿ˲ôˡ
˵ʱݵ㣬ۼʶ˵ʵǰ˿Զ˺󣬿˻Ҫ
£Ѿ˲ôˡ
ϣ
ͬʱһ⻷ƿն̧ۿſУ𵴣ɫޱȡ
ս׵ʹʱѾľûսףڸûжٰܹԸЩˡֻڣѾѡӦսΨһ;
飡
ȫ͵һ̤ʱ׼Ӧս٣ԼֻҪʦ˴峤ǸͿˡ
һ̣벻鷢ˡ
ҽ̤ɲǣͻȻ֮䣬һɣͬʱһ¡¡Ļӵ´廹ûзӦ͸оڸովۼйբ֮ˮһ㣬й͸º˵صס
ʯ䣬ӿи£ֻܣһ΢ӡͻȻ𡣶롣
䣬һâ𣬻û巴Ӧǰһתһ̣ǰеľˮתһɲ忴еĺ˻һ𣬼ٳԼ
һۣ˵ϴһɫ¹ߣޱȡ
䣡
һ˫˫ԾĿУǾ޴ĽɫԲϣâһʱӰֻһյƽ̨ʧͬʱ䣬һɰĽɫݺײԭվĵط
ѵأɽ¾һɽ嶼˲飬Ϊ촷ۣ˵Ǽ˲ǣӴڽԲϣҲö˵ƽ̨΢΢ŤΡ
Բȴû̫ı仯

âһһɾӰкХ£ĴڽԲϷƽ̨ͬʱϴֽɫ¹ߵĺˣƮƮվԭվĵط
ˣ
ϴŽɫ¹ߵĺҧгݵ
ˣô죿
κò󣬿׼ǰˣ
һƿһ㣬չ˫ۣϢ糱ȻҲΪ֮
ɫ¹ߵĺˣ粻ɢһɿµϢΧʮ֮ڣŤԶԶȥһƬģƺܲסϵǹɿ
ƣӲˣΣǼһҪõ
ɫ¹ߵĺ
ˣ
ʱһٵƿԶԶģһӰźɫۣһǵѣ۵糸ڵĽԲ򶥶˶
Ǻǣλ֣¶ͻʷǡιʦλˡ
ʷǡιʦԶԶ
һδ򿪣߷׷ӿ룬ֻаʷǡιʦһֱ֮⣬ԶԶԹۡƣλͻȴκ˶Ҫ졣
ʷǡιʦ߸ߵƽ̨ϣ˻عͷޱȡ
ˣҪҪɵ
һޱȡ
ˣǵĿ겻Ҫ֦
ֻһۣϴŽɫ¹ߵĺŤͷûλͻʵУʷǡιʦһ޹ؽҪСһ㡣
ಣ
âһһΣѸٻΪһ磬ʧ˽ԲĶˡҲʧ١
ǺǣȤ
뿪󲻾ãʷǡιʦһ˦һƬҶ㣬㳾ڸ̨ϡĿ뿪ķһ˿ѩĹâ
벻ݻǲκһ
벶ȸں󣬰ʷǡιʦһֱΪԼֻȸǵȵֲŷ֣ȸֹһֻ
ಣâһʷǡιʦҲ׷һӽԲĸ̨£䵽Բڲ
̳ˣ󷨺ĵĶСӴˣ벻ԭһ󣬲ǱԪһƣȴǱһɽĬĬŵĴ𣡡
ʷǡιʦ
ǰյģʲôûУֻһļ̳жϴһաѵɲǣâ䣬ʷǡιʦȻ⣬ҲǵӰ
ò˵ĽλڶͻʺӵϵλҲ൱㵡
ɾԵ޹ºĶ´ɾصԿףСУ
ʷǡιʦƬ̣ͻȻ΢΢һЦѸʧ١
գ
ڰʷǡιʦʧͬʱĽŲھ޴ĽԲϷֻһ˦Ϣ籩һӰ۴䣬ͬʱ̨ıԵ
ˣǶѾˣ
һλǶͻʷǡιʦɣʱҲǱġ
޹أ֮ҵаʦͽ߲Զģ

̨ϣԪһлͤλ˵ɫ


1415 صʯ
лͤϵģһƣ͸ϵǰҪԪһ֣һԸаķа۵ķӦ˻Ҫ죬ûлִͤѾͼǰ뿪ˡ
еĶѾСӵõˣȻǳɹѣʦͽӲԶ
лͤһ˦
ܹҲôһĶֵأҪҵǣ˶ʱ䣬˵ǻһ书ߵͼˡ
»ûô׽ȿ˵ɡ
Ԫһ
һ˦һȦ󣬺ܿ뿪ˡ
һһ˴һѾֹţĵĽԲЩ߽󷨺һ飬һ񣬲Ųĵ뿪ˡ
ãһ˽Ⲩ˳ȥܶʧ뿪ʱӰһǰһС
µһ벻ˣ
ӵһ¾װĻͷп
Ǻǣ󷨾ܹƣǴҲ⣡
Ʈ裬˫֣΢΢Ц
˵ǣ޶ˣ
æͷ̬ǳ𾴡
ֻЦЦһ̤߽ѾٵĽԲڲ
Բյģӵ˵ջҲ˶ࡣ
ӣʲôûУ벻ıǸˡ
ɫµĻ
Ļɫ΢жһ˿âȻûϸ˵˶֪Ǹ˭
һӺµûн룬Ϊ⣬ŸܸожôաϵĲҽһһļ²ѡⶼŵһŨŨѪζ
һСˣɽһ̫볯͢ҲƵ͢Щߣ˭õƳ͢Ȼ
̾Ϣѡ
֮ǰ˵棬ĶϳλƵϣ桢ԪһЩɽе̩ɽҲͬ޻˵
˵һγˢԳ͢˵ӡ
棬֮ǰɽиڽɢ˵Ƴ͢ļ֣ǵЧλ𣿡
ͻȻعͷʵ
⡭
¶˼ɫ
¼ǵò֮ǰҲͼǣ¾ܾˣƺЧ˺졭ԣͽ
˵󣬻նȴùŹ
ˣĸ󲿷ֲԸΪȨͶ͢ǸڽɢȻɽй㷢ûж˽롣
У󲿷ҲʵߣҶڸе˸ǽûС
Ҳû뵽Ǹڽɢ˵Ȼͳһ˵ᡣ
һô˱סܹԪһ˶޷⣬ȴλ͢ү˴󣬾ˡǸصİƣݺݵߣ̫Ƶ͢ϡ
Ȼ
ӵ˵ͷһ
ֻǣݵλΪҪðأ
˵üͷƺĳֲСʵǿĻ棬Ҳͬüͷ
Ͷһʱ֮侹ּ򵥵סˡ
ণ
ʱһ̶ХͻȻӶд
˶Ȼ֮ع̧ͷȥֻһ֧ըΪһѪӡǡ
ͬһʱ䣬һӵӲԶ
ߣȫҵǸаͽᵽϵĶ
δ䣬˵ĵѸԾԶȥ
Ӻͻ滥࿴һۺɫ΢䣬ѸٲԲԶȥ
һһˣߵߡ
أǰӰԽԽ٣󣬵ҹʱ֣ټһֻʣȼӰ
Դж׽ܼǧ߲У˵ˣʧȴûκһ˵õɹ
ȵȥҹɫ٣ķǰһƬȻ˭Ҳ֪һطʮӰվɽͶˣĬĬĸһС
ҹϰϰʮӰӹžž죬ʮˣ˭Ҳû˵
͸ҹɫϸȥͻᷢʮÿһ˶ɫŴкķбŷĺ⡣
ĶǰɾһӵϣʬΡ
ãһͻȻƼžڵ
ҵ͵ȥ𣿡
һӰǰһŵ
鲻ɾµģֻɾʹáСӸͲˣȻҲܼ󡪡˵ʵҶ֪ô¡
ķȫһҲ޷̽ȥһжɾµֶҲδ֪
һӰڵһ䣬Χ˶üͷ
Ҫ˼룬Ҳ²⣡
ʱһϵȺǰˣͻȻˣ
ɾеˣô׳֣ɹصڣѾ֪˶ٸ꣬ʲôʱֹԵˣ
ҵЩģ֮ҲһˡǸ˵صѵԸǵġΣһҪҵԲţ
Ϊ׵
һ˵˶ʱҲ뵽ʲôޱȡ
һһȺѸʧɽ

ڰޱȵĺڰ
֪˶ãһ΢ڴӻѹ
ûȫȴһЩ΢Ĺâ

΢΢һ£ֻȫ·ɢһ㣬ʹ
۾΢΢һߣǰϸɰɰı΢Ĺâ
˳ŹԴķ̧ͷֻһĴָСѪɫţɢ͵Ĺâ
ǿӣ
ü͵һ£ϳöѪɫӡ
ѪԭǶͷɫС޵ͷʱ֪ô˳ڰС
ʼʱͬо˷ǳŨҵ
⵽ô£
һ壬һֻԴ֮ǰ顣
ϡǵãԼڽԲĶ̤ʲôȻתʲô֪ˡ
û뵽ٴͳ
ĿӹöѪɫӼǰһ̣Զڿһ벻Ķ
һҵʯͨɢųȻɫĹâ
ʲô
һüͷڵһһεĻۡ
ڵָһЩҡҡλεվץöѪɫӣǰʯȥ
ʯǰҵĵطͣ
һǳϵʯصĽɫ·Һܶطһɫ̦޺߲ޱȡ


1416 ɾԣ
ʯǰ廹һİ׹ǲڵϣһֻƻץʯƺǰʯеõʲô
߰׹ϣʯĵ鲼߰׹Ǻʯһкܳͷˡ
ҡҡͷԽԽԻ
ǰһУأһ˵ءҪǣ֪ԼΪʲô
һ̣һĿۼ˱塣
ϣһϸ֣ע⡣
ַǳͬʹõκ֡ǴʯϵЩ׭֣Щ
ǴɾµĶ
嶸Ȼ֮ع񣬱ϳ
ǰֺʹеһУȻǴɾŵġ
ֻЩףΪʲôԼ̤ϸ̨Ǵ͵ĵطǵʯϵ֣Ҳһʶ
㿴ˣҲû˿ô
һ̣ƺ뵽ʲô¶һ˿Цݣ
Ȼʶȴδز֪еĺ塣
գ߹ȥһֻưʯʯЩḧԺ֮оĵģƬ֮һϤ
ע⣬ֹŴ֡Ƿ룿ѣùŴҪķһ㡣
룡
֮ʯĻ۾ԥ
һ̣һɵĹâ͸ֱ壬ͬһʱ䣬һзϢӿԺ֮У
֮ǧഫֻ֣˿ɼ֮󣬱𣡡
֮ʯĵһ֣һ
ǧءʯȻ˾Զ˿ɼʲô˼ѵ˵ɾʯʱѾԤ⵽˿Կıġĵʲô˼
üͷ壬ԤеĿȫͬ
Ȼûȵϸ˼һ̣ĸӿԺ֮У
ģ֮󣬴ȥս棬һˣҡǾɨһͳ£ʼأΪ࣡
лƤ
أࣿ
֪ģǧ֮ǰص۹ʱĴֻ࣬һλҲλ˹λλǧһۡʼʵۡһͳ£ͳһ֣ȺʹһΣϣΪһĵ۹
ġءƣڶá
ѵ˵ĵһ˾Ȼң˴ɾһǾ
ڶˣ¹ĮѹȺΪ󽫾ʱأ
ƤԽԽԾλɾȻѾµˡֻǴ󺺳λ󽫾廹ûףָһλ
ˣҰ򣬷ҰڴˡʣһȻ̰Ĳ㣬ˣش˵ءȻΪȡ
ˣ֮

֮ʯ뵽ĸͻȻϵˡüͷһ壬Ϊ⡣ֱʱ֣ⷢʯд˵ʱ򣬾Ȼȱϸȥŷ֣ϵǾ߰׹ǣһֻֿʯȻڵϵУеĲ֡
ô
ʼϲ֮ʯġ֮աǿҲҪֲܷ롣ȱ޷Ϣ¿ȥֻܶһ֣
ˡͬɡʯ𣡡
Ѿ˵ϵİ׹ǣӦþǴɾеġҰˡֻǲ֪Ǳеĵˣǵˡ
аְצĵĸо
ӱпλǧǰĴɾӦĳԼ¶Ʋ⵽ˡÿһ֣ƶ϶ԷˡֻϧΪϰ׹ǵԭֱץԼ
벻Ȼܹƶϵ顣

ΪԼ֪һЩ顣ǴɾȴλѾõĴӵĳЩ֪Ĳܡ
޳¾ǴɾҲδĵطԲŻֵƻĵİ׹ǡֻǿϧ´ɾҲˡȻҲֻǿʯûκջ񡣡
а
ӱǰɾӦÿ˶һЩţ˹õһǾȥ
ǴĿǰԼǵ˻ǵˣԼûдɾõκεĶ
ˣ
΢΢һЦԺиոͷɲǼͻһӴͻȻӱû巴Ӧƾͺʯһ
һɹ͸ӿʯ֮С
һ̣ԾĿУһâͻȻӱϱŷգÿһâ֮жһζ֡
һΣû巴ӦԺе֮ʯѾʼ˷롣
ңҡңôޡ
ʯ֡
û巴ӦʯϿ仯еȫʧֻһŻԪ
ԪӿаתѸٻΪ
ֻ֮䣬ãΪͷСޣһͷȸһͷ䣬һͷһͷ׻
ͷСβΣУȻֻΪһ˽ε󷨡
Ǵ󣡡
һ˳
ֵͼǱģһ΢͵Ĵ
һɲǣվ
ľѾͣһ̾ͺܵʲô̼һ㣬ͻȻǡ
ľѾǳӴ󣬿ȴһӾ˵ķһ黯ʵļ
ѾЪһĻҲ൱ĳԾ
ֹˣڱһңʱͻȻƽ࣬ңоڤڤһɾ͸ȫëӿڡ
ͬûкڵĴ컯ִڵĽѪ⣬Ұ幮̾磬޵ĳ΢ľŷ
ȻһУѾȫȴˡ
ڤڤУвϱ仯Ӱ֣·ʲô
ޣޡ

㱼䣬·ץסʲôǼм䣬ֺʲôûץסһɲһֻУһ
ãŴ붨֮лع
ǲ˵ʲô
峤̾Ϣһͬʱ
ЩԵ޷ģʯϵǴɾΪɹĴʼߣΪѾﵽԴȵĵزСޡ֣ҲضܽȻľܸˣǺλɾȣǲ˺ܶࡣ
ǿ󲻵ãȺʦǻϡ
аһʯûķ֡
ܿŤͷܣֱʱŷԼԭǴһСֱʮףܺģҲֲ嵽
Ҳ֪ô뿪ɾܹأδ֪ûʲôš
忴Χ


1417 ٴؾۣ
ȻԺвŸոͷ¡һԱߵĶڱԵϷȻ̮ɰ£ͬʱһ߼Ķ¶ԼԿһʯݡ
忴һĻһסˣ漴øޱȡ
ڴ֮ǰԴɾһ֪Ϊʥ׷ӽ΢ĴڣɾȻǿĸУǿҲԼǿ̫ࡣ
ǵݵɲǣɾĸоʱĪ⣬֮ǰȻͬԼһһеͷƺָƣǧʱ⣬Ҳ޷
ǰлˣ
һݣܿ˳̨ףɳ˶ڡ

ոӳڣǵصĺХǺӶдͬһʱ䣬ɳ˴ϣȻ׹ȥֻǰһ޼ʣȫĮĮĻɳ
ǡɳĮ
΢𣬶ʱϳԼĻȻĪɳĮ
󷨾ȻҴ͵ˣ
һ˿ȵɫ
ɫѰһ·Ѹűȥ
뿪֮󲻾ã岢֪Īӵĵ¶Уϰ߲ʯҲʱһͻȻѿѺۣȻ˲ѳ飬һء

ĪɳĮ棬һ·ӣԼʱϤϢͻȻĸӦ֮СͬʱһϵޱȣͻȻ˶У

ϡǻ£Ӱһ·ݣķ
ʦ
Ҳľϲʦ˶ȥ
СӣȻ㣡
˫һ棬ӰСͼ˺ݺݸһӵ˷ޱȣ
Сһǿþˣ
ȻԼĵӣͼ˶ֱа˻Ҫ
ѧϰ󷨲Ų̶̵ʱ䣬ȻµһͼڿôǸ
ʦôҵҵģ
嵹ûע⵽ͼ˵ǰʦһ
Ǽһ飬һ·ûзټʦ˵ڲĪɳĮȻ̣޺ҲΨһûҹĵطˡ
һϵԱߴ˴峤ǸɫĹȣǰο
˴峤Ե֮ǰѾаǷɢˣ󣬻а뿪֮
ণ
ʱͻȻһ߿д
һ̧ͷҹɫһƬƬڸϷʲôСֻǽŰǹ⣬һֻչ˫ᣬڳһȥ
ﲻ˵ĵط뿪˵
аѸջĿ⣬۾΢Уޱȡ
ʦô£˵𣿡
Ҳоһ˿ͬѰ
ʱѾˣ屾ΪԼٿԺʦСƬ̣ǰƣ黹Զûн
ڲ˵ǡ
аҡҡͷɫ֣أ
ߣˣڣ㡣ɾµЩأ֮ǰںѾ˿ˡ
ʲô
ⷬһ
ѰĹУѾü·ˣм䲻ϵĽ֡ǵĿ껹ǣ㣬˶Ϊ˴Ĺؼ
һԣ˴峤Ҳڵ
ֹˣϢѾй¶ɽкܶ಻ϼһﶼŷˡʦɽеѹסһˣʦҲʤš
ͼ˿壬Ҳڵ
˵ɫͬء
ʱĬˣȻת뿪Եʱ䣬˺ܶ顣ƣƿ֮ǰϾˡ
߰ɣǺܿҪˣ
аԼ
һչΣѸٳԶȥ
뿪ʱаͷҲûأֻĵһָһֻ̣һֻѾɳǧ׵ӥͻȻ߷һ㣬ӿ׹䣬ڵϡ
ˣѾˣ
ģ߲Զ
뿪֮󲻾ãһӰվĵطǵͬһ㣬ޱȣѸɨΧȻʧ

飡
һĥ̴СʯͷͻȻӿڵϣǵڶ飬顭ʮ鲻ʯͷĳֹɴµķ
Ȼһ¡Уʮʯͷʧ
ѾˣֻҪоͿԸǵϢӦÿʱ˺˵ˣ
ͼ˵˶
һչǰʱֳһŻŻĹ⾰Ȼͬ
ȥɣ
а۰ڶȽ˴֮У˽롣
һϣа˵˱㳹׵ʧˡߵҲǿյģʲôҲ
ڣһϥ룬Χλߡ
ڴﵽô£ĵõ˴ɾĹؼ𣿡
һа֮󣬻аȿ˵ƳĬ漰ɹ˶ÿڣҲֻаʦѯʵˡ
˵ȻеıȷʵˣǲǴɾµĹؼͽҲ
ʦ̹ҲһֱأûͰѴеĶһһʮ˵˳
һ˴ս죬һŴͼһźɫӣȫ˳λǰˣÿһޱȣ¶ǰλԼصʦȻ
ս죬Ǵս죡
Ȼͼֽ
͵µһ޼֮
ͼͲסץս죬һϵͼͼֽͫ˷ޱȡ
һ֮еͼ˵ӵջ󣬻Զʲôµһɹ֮ϡ
忴һĻЦͼֱ֣һ㶼⣬˲ˡ
˲ͬа˺˴峤û˵˵ĿȴԼͬóֻɫС޵ͷѪɫϡ
ǿӸҿһ£
аĿѩһ죬һ̣öѪɫڿնûС
аһһӿѪɫӵУһɲǣͻ𣬺¡һǿҵаеͻȻâˣڿնͷߴλá
һɲͼ˶еͼս죬˵Ŀȫеöϡÿһ˶ܸоöĴָСŲ۵Ѫڣɢһǿҵ
ǹɲκǿΪ֮Ȼʧɫаڵ֮ȣҲԵѷɫޱȡ


1418 رͼܣ
Ȼˣ
аȴһ˿ѩĹâոóöӵʱѾоĲöҲӡ֤Ĳ²⡣
һö飡
аͻȻڵֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ѾöӵĹá
ǰɽдҲйһöľ飬ܹߴһֵԱսʱʱ֮衣
аȻƽʱɽ¶ˮǶɽеĵʣȫָơ
ϸ˵һĶѾķ룬ڷһˡַѰ֣ܳʵǷ켫ﵽ뻯ĵزһĵ۹󽫣ԶԶʸ񣡡
ˣ
仰ʱΪ֮ݣܿ죬ĿۼǿѪɫϣֱǹȥڣ嶼ǵһ
öȻܹΪܹڵ˵ǡǡʵòġ
а˵ţһɨöƿնȥ
һȣ
ھȥɲǣͻȻһɾɳס˰еľ顣
ķ֣㿴
һԵ˴峤ͻȻڵûȡеľ飬ǵͷŵ档
һͻ壬аˣͼȫסˡ
˶֪˴峤ѹ֮꣬ƽشƺͰʱ⣬顣һ̣ȫͷ˳˴峤Ŀ⣬档
ǡ
ֻһۣͼ˶ʱƤһıɫ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳע⵽˵˵ĿУֻһǳİɫҫ
ֻɢĺ̫ǿңЩɫĹУϸ
Щ飬ڵϳһӵͼ
ʲô
аüͷ΢壬֮ǰȻͬΪǴɾµһö԰߻ħӦԸΣڿɾԶһô򵥡
ֵͼ
ͼҲüͷ¶˼Щֵİɫ㣬ȫע⡣
ɾɽкպߣȻ˴ַЩ飬޵ķʸض⡣
˴峤ŵϰɫɵͼҲڵ
ϥ仰
ʦǼرͼϰɣóһԡ
ͻȻһԵʦа˵
ⷬͻλΪ⣬Ǻܿ죬аüͷһƺҲĻ뵽ʲô
Χ쳣İа˺ܿóŲȱĴɹرͼ
ŲرͼǴӺеõģյֵʱѾǲȱġ
տʼʱʦͽҲŲرͼй룬Ǻɽĳ֣׵Ĵʦͽ롣
ƬȱĲرͼʱҲõķ
еġɽѾһȱĴһжʱýȻͬ
ȱĲرͼܿŵ˾·û֪ôͼ˵Ѿȫ⡣

ͼ˺ܿӹرͼڵϰŪˣǰɫĹڲرͼϣܿӳճ˲رͼһ˿
Щ˿Ȼ֯һڲرͼУֱʱܵЩɫҫͻȻ¶
ֹˣͼ˵رͼʱ򣬲ȱĲرͼҫ˿ԽԽ࣬һ֯һͼ
ʱĲرͼк֮ǰѾȫͬˡ
һӱ΢رа˺˴峤ɫüרעоرͼܾãΨû뵽Ųرͼ棬ϾȻж졣
ķ֣ǲرͼİءرͼǲȱģǵõⲿֱֻô󡣡
˴峤Ųرͼ¶ɫͼͻȻڵ
Сӣ¶ˡ
ͼڵϣͻȻһѲرͼ¶ɫͼŵ˾£;Ͷİɫǵ㹹֯һغ
һ̣â䣬˵ĿУһ貵ǻԴӲرͼϱڰн֯һƬĹ
ͼ
˻ûӦͼȴɫһ䣬ͺ
ר󷨣жھŹ仯ΪóŹļ漰
ͼ˻ᾭжЩǳϤɹرͼϵ˿Ĺ㣬˵ȫ£Իѣͼһ۾ͱЩһͼ
ԫе̫΢ԫ̫΢ԫ̫΢ԫϹǣһֻ񣬴ӹִִ͢۱࡭
ͼָϵָŰеһ㣬˵һЩյޣͼȫ䡣
ֻһԵа˺˴峤ȫɫ죬
˭ȥͼָЩ㣬˵塣
ֻһԵ¶˼ɫĩʱȺ飬һҲ˽⣬ֻûͼôˡ
֣㻹ֱӸͼʲôɡ
аֱӿڵ
ٺ٣ܼ򵥣ŲرͼͲǲȱģǸֻôûв´ĲرͼӦ顣νϣźһֳĲرͼͨͼͿֱɾ±ص׼ȷλá
Сӣˡôǰͺ̣Ҫҵɹرͼܣȫھˡ
ͼ˿Ŷ壬ͻȻٺЦСԽԽ⣬ʵǣǻۣϸ˼һһ
ǿϧôķǸϼһ©ˣ
ͼŤͷһԵаķɫٴαùŹŹֵֹġ
аɫŰ壬δֻһԵ˴峤ʧЦѡһ·Ѿͼ˺üαԹҪȥˡ
ҳرͼܣҲȻûκεô˵ģҪܴճǹͼҳɹر֮أ֮ͽ޹
а˿ڵ
ֻΪԼҲҵõɹ޹ؽҪȴڡΨһĵӣҲӵĵӡΣҪΪԼĹŵҵĴɹ
ǺǣǰֻһƬرͼȻûãڲһ˴Ѿ˶𣿡
ͼ΢΢¶һ˿صЦݡ
һɲǣͼ˵Ŀɨˣ⡣
ǰ㣡ɡ
һɲǣһͷԺзӶµͼʲô
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
棬ͼЦ

ڶ죬һϢһĴء
ԭֻǴɾµһƣΪػһǳҪı
ֻеõҵɾıء
ڶϢǴɾĲرͼԭһ飬һټϴеıҵɹĲر֮ء
ݴɾԣ˭õıأ˭ܳΪµһˡ
һɽҰ򣬵õҲܳΪµһˣ



1419 ļ
鵽ϢǴﴫ𣿡
һ߸ߵɽϣԪһֶǰķ糤ϵ
֯ܣǱ鲼£ÿ϶иԸ򣬶糤ϾиռϢĿġ
Ѿˣ⼸ϢѾ÷зеĵӶ¡Ѩ磬ѾˣϢǴ˺˴ģɢǱҲû֪ô¡ڵҵаʦͽɢģ
糤
һΪȣ糤ϵЧʱеĻҪ£̶ֻʱ䣬Ͱֱָǡ
ߣķ͢յĵӵǼΪأ컯߻ħǸСϴεıа¯࣬˿ѷɫڵķû⣬аӦѾϱ˰ɡ
ΪӣаҲǲˣ
ԪһɫԵ÷ǳĮ
аʦͽųϢֻºܶ˶֮͡
糤ϵ
ûõģڣԶܵõʲôµһ湦
ԪһնϷ糤ϵ
ǣ
Ԫһ飬糤ɫһϣʱ˵ȥ

ٺ٣Ȥʵ̫Ȥˣ
˸ٵĴޱأ˸Ĵޱأ֮УǺ氡
ͬʱһɽͷϣҳԼڶĳϾۼһģ¶Ȥζɫ
壬࣬׼ô죿
һԣ濪ڵ
ٺ٣С˴󣬹ؼı˭ˡ֮Ȼҵˣ
Ц
˵ˣرͼ飬ֻм飬ܴ򿪴ޱأȻˣǰѱͲرͼͨͨǣ
˵Ц
뿪ҪҪҰغ𣿡
棬зҪ֮֡УʮʱҹӥȸӡֻҪǳЩҪʮ֮⣬ϾܵõϢ
һ˵ĳϵͷ
ӥȸ֮ǳ͢սŻõһ棬ĳЩ֮طѵӥȸӵ׷ٵСȺ߷棬Ҳӵó
֮ڣҪǾߣҲҪҳСӵټ

ǣ棡
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬˵ĸͬȺһ㣬㳲ɢ˷

ˡˣдССɣ˶ѰʦͽټЩɾѰʱɢǱҲͬǷӿ
ûˡôƴƣǴɹϢɽߣ˷
ȻڴУвٵڶ̶ʱڣһһǰͺ̣
ߵһЩߣҲ׷ױ˹һʱ֮䣬ۼߣûм٣ԽԽࡣ
վκһ߷ϣȥǳɶ
ߣڸ֮С
ͬɹȻ׹˲֪˲ֶϾ̫죬Դȡ궼û˵õƾʲôΪڿԵõ
ڣ飬رôˣûе飬ʹɽע⡣
ûʲôƴĴԼߵʬ˸ܵɹʵˡ
رǣһϢ˭õɹ˭ܳΪµһˡһ㣬Ϊ֮
ʱ˿̣Ķϵشûжע⵽ʮɢۼһĬĬĵȴš
ʮɢߣÿһ̫Ѩ߸¡Ϣ磬·籩һ㣬Ȼǻ߾ǿߡﵽ־磬ǿˡ䡱䡱ʵʡ
ܹﵽһصģûһɽյǿߡ
Щ侳ǿߣȴȫۼһųͣüͷʹĬĬĵȴʲô
ʱ仺ȥЩ˾ۼѾаʱˣҲûԵòͷͷĸͣҲԽĹˡ
ȷļĻ
ļһչأٳڱ֮УĻ𣿡
ȷɣ֮ǰҸոյ
վ˽֣һӰɫԽĹˡ
ɽУ֪ļκεɣһƮˣļɽȴӵо޴
Ӱ˿Ԫһɾ뢡
ɢпļӵϵĵλǼԪһĳǿߡ
ļɽгѾã¶ʮ״ӣ츳ˡɽԳһӵвӰڶ׷ߡ
գ
ʱһҵԶϣޱȡ˽µĴض·ڲ
һɳͬɸ㣬
ˣ
ڴʱһ侳ǿ͵̧ͷǰ鼤ޱȡ
һɲǣԶԶȥֻƽߴһӰĺɫףңһƥһ˶ߣ׳˶ĺѪ̤
̤ʱޱȣһ㡣
ȻһˣǵǵӰʱ϶Ȼɢһɽơ
ԶԶȥƽߴ˵ĳ棬ģ
κΪ֮Ȼľ
ֹˣսĽӽһɰϢգ·շһ㣬ԶԶ
ˣ
Χǹȵһ˷ޱȣǧɵľ룬˸ܵ类յϢҲֻļġ񹦡
ϣ
һҵ˻һӰͶϣ֪ǵӰѸٳǰ
һ̣³ޱȡ
μ
˷׷׵ͷɫϹϾ
ΧһƬžŷ籩ϢبǰûκεĶǻ㱼䣬ÿ˶оһĿ⣬ڣʵʣشɨ
ã˶߶һ
ɣ֪ģдɹϢң
ڸ߸ߵսϣ߰ͷ­ɫһǿϢ糱ˮӿ
ǣ
û˿ɣʱ֪ĹڴɹȫϢ˳
֮󣬱һĳĬ
֮ڣҪ֪Ǹټ
һϵ˶һ̣¡һսգһڻ侳߲Զȥ
̳ء

ԽԽ֣ĸǰ̣ϵĻ㼯˶Ѱټ
ʱ˿̣ûж֪ƬΧԶĵطһӰֶȫ۵ףЦЦ


1420 ȫѲ
Ǻǣһ֮ԽԽȤˡ
ͻʷǡιʦɽ£⡣ɽϮιʦ裺
һδƣұΪһжѾڿһлԶûᡣ
³ӴƵռʲôõϢ𣿡
ιʦͷҲص
ˣеߣЩǿߣȫѰҴټڻûǵ䡣ȻЩ֣ϵһó֮ˣҲ˴ΪӦʹĳ󷨣ˡ
³˳飬ȻһͻŮֻźɫɴ˿ò
ǺǣȻϢͲ׵뿪ʱֵ࣬ġǡ֮ǰǰѴɹϢȥôˣ
ιʦʵ
ص£ɽ磬ûв֪µġļɽУԪһƽƽļҲ
Ŷ͸ˡ
ⷬιʦЦ
˵ʱԪһֹìܣɽУ࿴˳ۡܰλòˡ
ɲǣ˵λᣬôɹǶͻʺȥһУͬʱɽʵ
󣬼ͻʵ빪
ԪһȻųһʵɽҲϸĵ򻮷֣ԪһҲֻһֻǸǸİˡ
ͳϽһλڴƵĶͶͻʺڣĳ̶ֳϣҲǶͻʵĴС
жĲ˵ƵɱͿ˵ǲˡ
ˣˣɺϢ۹ѾŴһ£ѾɨƳ͢еһϰֻʣλˡֻҪڣһл˱
ɺ֪²Ըֳϵ£ͬСɣϣ˿ڵ۹ϣϧһдۣλƵ
ͻȻһڵ
Ǻǣ߿ɺѾ֪ˡ
ιʦЦЦ˿Ϊ
һ飬һ룬Ϊʲôԭ򡣾ǿɺҲһ
Űιʦҧҧŵ
ɺԣܹ飬ΪϹʦһָ޼ڶͻʺĵλ
ͷ
ˣһ仰ιʦɫȻһ䣬֮ǰ޶ԽȻͬ
ǿɺ׿˵ģ
ιʦһ
ǣ

ΧʱһƬţӶĬ
ȥ߿ɺҴӦˡ
ãιʦڿڵ
ʱ仺ȥճ䣬ŷ˶Ѱټ
ʱ˿̣аˡͼԼ˴峤ۼһ
⵽ô£
ǰϢȷʵǷųȥģϢô£
ʯУ
ȻųرͼϢʲôµһ˵Ϣͺȫ޹ˡʵϣǰϢһҲûһ𺳡
̵ְǣвҪˮ㣬û⣬ЩϢȫЩĵ˷ųȥġ
˴峤
ΣɹһҪõġ
һ˵ţһŤͷƳһۡ
ϵĴ컯һըʱбΣա
ֶûκ׿Եġ컯ľ̶ȣа˶ûа취ȷܻܲ
ΣǱСЩصЩݴ˺ֵĺˣǶпڰǲСģпܱá
ֵǲˣ㻹ǵǵȷǺ׷ɱǵ˲ͬһ
һ䣬аŤͷһԵ塣
ʱһǿд򿪴󣬳󷨺ģǸʱֻ忴ǵ档
ʦȻҲô£ͽȷ׷ɱǵǲ˲һ
յ飬Ѿϸϸȫ˼λеϸڣҲȫĿ
ʱҾڸ̨ϣΪǳģǺܿ죬Ҿ͸о˲ԾȻǺ׷ɱǵװһϢҲͬһƺͲʶң󷨺ĵˡ
һɫ
ͽϸĿǰ׷ɱǵˣƬӦûһˣǳŴġͬұ˴֮ӦҲûཻ̫
аû˵ֻ΢΢ü¶˼ɫ
飬ӿʼѾˣֻһΪܹôеһжȻͬҲòⱳӰ졣
ҵ뾡취򿪴ޱصʱ򣬰ʼôţκ˶޷İ
ķͱ붫ˣСϵ취Щˣа۵ͷѵ˲ɣ
һԣͼ˵Ǳֵ൱ɡ
Ըˡ
а˵ͷа
ɱ
ʱɱŽԶѸ˵ע
ʦֿߣЩζѲرͼǵģ
һŭƽߴһǣ˵ķ
ǱߵȻˡ
رͼ
ؼ˻ûзӦİСͼȴվѩޱȡ
ۣܲˣǹԹ԰ѲرͼʲôµһˣȰǻǲҪˣ
رͼһ۽վҪȫڴˣ
󷽣һЦһɷ׷š

ֻһҽУһеߴֲ󷽵׷һڵء
Щ쵰ҲŹǵģһ죬ҪɱǣǸۣ
ǰ˫ĿѪ죬Ŀѡ
һ˱ߴӣڵķԽԽֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һ˾ӵڵʯ󣬲ʮ׵ĵط
飬ڴ򶷼䣬һǰܵߴֲķ˳ȥڵϡָһɣһҫ£ʯԶĵط
رͼȻǲرͼ
ǾͻȻַɳĲرͼͼҲܲסȥ
ķСӣǻʲôǲҪ򿪴ޱأõĴɹĻᣡ
ͼ˵꣬ﻹ͵ס
һ£
ûеȵͼ߳ȥһֻ޳ץסͼ˵ļ򣬽¡


1421 嶾ˣ
³ôһƧĵط̸۲رͼʱвرͼ٣ܾûô򵥡
忪ڵһ˵ţһƳһۡ
֣Ҳ˵ģǼ٣Ǿ䣬ȵ˵ɣ
ʱһϡϵ󴫳аҲڴ˿̿ˡ
ķ㡭
ͼŤͷʦͽˣʱסˡ
֣ѵҲôΪ𣿡
ͼתͷһﲻ˴峤
˴峤Ĭֻ΢΢˵ͷͼ˶ʱȻһ仰˵
ʯ⣬֮սҲҵʱۿǰܵѾ̵ĸʣµļҲΧסȥ·Ҫȫնɱڴˡ
һ̣˱Χסڴ˵ʱˣûκףͷ·ʱ䶨㣬ͻȻͣס˶˭Ҳûжһ¡
ʲô𣿡
ãһʵǱˣȴǱ׷ɱıۡ
ûУرͼӵ϶ûӦòƬųˡ
һ𣬾ȻǸɷһֱں׷ɱĻ
ʱ˿̣˵̬ﻹа׷ɱͱ׷ɱӡ
ûдˣһųɣǻطٲ顣
һ䣬Ѹ𵶽ͬʱ֮ǰһڵصġۡҲͻȻһҲ׷ɡˡɻˣһӵվ
֮ǰʱһֱʱݽȻҲòˡ
⣬ǡ
ʯڣͼ˫۷ֱͿð仰˵ˡ
ЩˣҲ̫޳ˣ
ͼҧгݣɫǺ첻ѡ
Ϊһˣ˰죬ԭЩһϷϹƫƫĸУֻһϹǵ棬ͼҵס
쵰쵰ЩһҲ̫ɣ̫޳ˣ
ͼ˺ݺ˫ȭޱȡʯ⣬ȴһʰڵϵĵܿ쳯Զȥ
ǰڴޱصֵ÷з˶ŷѰǡʱκκͲرͼйصϢɵġ٣һҪ£ȷ˵
ЦŰο
СӣΪҲ֪Ҿǹô˵ǵķӦ
ͼ֧֧
аЦҲûдơ
ΧһƬžণ뿪󲻾ãһХͷϿմ
̧ͷȥֻֻ˶ӥȸϷɹһ˫˫㲻ͣɨ·
˭Ҳû˵ֻĬĬ⼸ֻӥȸϿһܣȻ
ޱصջʵ̫ˣô֣¾ǾߣҲҪڳ
˴峤п
֮ǰݿƵһɳӥȸڿѲߡһ̶ֻʱڣ˾Ѿˡ
ڤڤУÿ˶оһεѹ󣬵ҪԸôߵѲ飬ҲԲһ׵顣
ͷҲó־Լ磬ϷҲµʯ󣬾վҵʯ⣬ҲҾͲˣôıֵܹǡ
ͼҵ
Ĳ˵Լµ󷨣൱ġ
˥ʧʱûܹᲢ֮ۡǰҲһˡ
Լµ󷨣ͼžԵţҲĽ
ˣ
뿪˵ͻȻһԶ
ʯڶȻһ塢аˡͼԼ˴峤볯ķȥ
ǡȺ
嶾Ǹһ
ֻǿһۣͼ˻رɫڣ˵ɫҲޱȡ
ԶڵƽߴһƬƺѹѹģԾ˵ٶȳ˶
ƬƲͣ趯仯ţǵأɽ纣˰㣬ڴӿ˵ķ
ϸȥͻᷢƬ䡢۷ȹɣէһȥȺֹֻ
ɽУܹԦô඾ģֻ뵽һˣǾ嶾ˡ
嶾Ǻķͬһʱǿߣͷ֮ȷǿͼֶԽ̫ĵˣ׹
鷳ˡ
ͼ˵üͷҲû֮ǰĴݡ
ͼ˲õ󷨿˫ۣϢ嶾ˣЩֶȫûãǵصķȺֻҪݺײȥеΡ
ٶȱĻҪ죬ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬䣬ǧķȺ籩㣬ݺݵײͼ˲õʯϡ
飬ͺͱһɲǼ䣬еķȺȻը֮ǰʱȻͬ
ˣһɲǣһɷȺֳѸķȥ
֣
һĻеĽҶʱȻ޴档
ݣмһɳһ㣬˰еķȺ
ͬʱ䣬Ťһֻ޴ƴɽ壬ݺݵײڵϡɲǼ䣬ȻһĶһ֮䱻Ǿ޴ĳ촷ۡ
˴峤аˡͼˣ壬˶ˡƬƬĶ䱻ɷĩͬһʱ䣬ʯ󳷿ͼһȣȴʯԾ󷽣аˣ˴峤Ҳ׷Ծʯ
Ͽ뿪Ѿȫˣ嶾˿ԼԦ䣬Լַɳޣҵ󷨣Ѿزˣ
ͼɫ
µһｵһͼ˲µĴǿ߶ܹ嶾˿ƵЩ䣬Ӣ֮ء
Ѿöͼ˵˲ȫˡ
˵ķӦѾܿ죬Ȼˡ
ҵˣ
ʱһϵ塣
ˣߣ
аҲһ߳Զӣһ͵һӴ䣬ʣĶ÷飬ĩӰ
֪ߣѰǣһ¶ټĺ֪
ɣ
˷ӵʱһֻѻţͻȻϷϿշݶֻʱ䣬
Ťͷһۣʱ΢΢ɫֻϷ򣬳ǧѻѹѹһƬ˵ķ
ڶҲˣ
Щ۵糸˷ٽӽѻȺͼƤһıɫ
ǰڶʲôˣ
ʵ
ڶ嶾һɽеϹ˼һٶ꣬˽ϲ뽹嶾óԦʻԼСڶóľǿЩѻ
㿴ЩѻûУȫǺдϣЩ๰ǵĽצȫ˾綾ֻҪմһ£ͻо綾ֱɥɽвٵ߾͵Ϯ֮¡
ͼ˵͸һ˿š
û˵͵ŤͷСϸȥЩѻ๺צȻϹ⣬һͼ˵


1422 ׶Χ
ɣ
ѻȺٶȼ죬˲ǣķҲѻȺųԼٶȳ˶
ҲζѾѻȺİΧ֮С
ķ֣֣һԸЩѻȺζ
˴峤ʱҲڵ
ɽе˽⣬ǰԶ˼䲻ĽֻãֹĽַʽ˷ʤ˵ͼ˵ѷֹ
ˣ
˴峤ʳжָ𣬵ͬһʱ䣬аҲͣ˽Ų˿УĿ˸Ĺâһǿţʱ׼֡
ݲ֪ƣ룬ܾʲôð취
ণ
ѹѹѻȺǵأ׼ֵɲǣͻһֻѻ͵ſͣӰжһСָСĺɫҩȻǧѻҩܼꡣ
һĻ˴⡣
Сģ
Сģ˴峤һ˦˲֣
죡
˴峤ƿնΪΣֱϿա
ͬʱакһ֣ͬ
ɽӣ
飡
һɹɾ˰агǧСҩ裬ɲǼ䣬Щɫҩ׷ױըÿһҩ趼ΪһƬ뵵ĺɫǧҩ׷ױը˲仯ΪһƬɫ̺Ƭֿ
飬һЩɫҩ׹ڵϣҲ׷ױըΪɫĶ̣ڵرʣֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Χȫ֡
ɣ
ѻڶһһźɫСҩ費ϵĴͶ£ը
Сģ
һĻ嶸ıɫû˿ԥָһŽⶾ赯ʦ˴峤ͼ
Ȼʦ˵ΪͨĶκβǣǲһ򣬾һҴͼ˵嶾˻ǺڶȻͨƵĶҩԷͬСɡ
ɣ
ʱһѻдӶдһֻѻ˫һգһ㣬ͻȻм£ȻûָһһĽƿնſ๴룬󱳴
ֻѻûɳһ룬ڵϡ
ȻһлֻǿʼƬ̵ڻǧѻıԣӸŵϵ˷¡
úϢҪЩѻԸ
ʱʦа˵С
䣡
û˿ĶһɰչΪεĻ֣סݣаֻһָɲǼ䣬ľָ˰еѻȺ
ɣ
֮ǰķȺһа˲Ÿһ֣Щѻͷ·ܵʲôһ˲䳯ɢ
һĻажһ˿ĹâֻЩѻı֣ڱٿһУЩѻȫһٿأ˼㡣
ߣ
аһжһ˿⣬ܶԷʲôʽٿЩѻȺҪ򵥵Ĺܡ
һ̣飬ͷŸոԺѻһе
˻
ʱһϸ΢Уʼʱ򻹲ԣգ֮ѾﵽԺӵĵز
аһ飬һչһըƬըһȱڡ͸ȱڿȥԶƬ䶯ĺӰаҲ΢΢ɫ
Ⱥ
˿ʼĶ䣬ͷѻȺԶȻв֪ٵĶڳ˵ķ
ͶԼѻȺͬЩߵҪö࣬էһȥɳߣߣߣߡ飬
ͬʱڣҲԶôƽ
ɳɳ
һ޵ӵصʱҲͰˣʱκһ쳣ע⡣
һһӴľ͸صס
һ̣һȻͬľԾֻصºĶСС飬Ƶصף˵ķ
Щ쵰
ͫһıɫ䣬ѻڿŵ¶ǵĹ֮СΪַʽͿԶԸǣǴشˡ
䣡
һ̣һ̤һɰصף˲Ϣֻһ֨֨첻ڶӵǱĶ棬׷
ȻûһһɹɻɫĶӵصƮ˳
ЩɫĶа˵Ȼʼ͸
Ȼ͸ٶûôʵΪ֮ˡ
ЩС
а˵һֱˣص׵Ķһðаͷˣ䣬ɲǼ䣬а˵纣˰㣬𵴣ֱӽһ㱻͸𵴳ȥ
ͬʱǰһֻƣײ棬ԭĵ棬ײһ㡣
ٺ٣ûõģ֪ΪˣصⶾиǼһϡķʵǿᣬѰĶκβǣһҵҪǵֶܼã
һ˶ģ˵Ĺܡ
ߣ𣿡
аЦȻܺܿͰЩƺʹĳǧﴫطƺͬ
ķ֣嶾˺ͺڶЩһһزǻӵԶĿҲǵɱٵѻ涼û˿ôΪǸ֪ǴЩﵽɱɱꡣ
ʱһ˴峤ڵ
Ȼӿʼڣһ־ɱ˴ƬĶ˴峤ȴģ˿˲
˷֣ʲôҲǶеͷϷЩѻɵĽҲ֮ǰ˷ֹֽڶ
Щﲻûм٣֮ǰˡ
嶾ˣڶɷһ˶϶ȥǿɱ켸ҹɱꡣ
ͼͻȻڵɫҰޱȡ
֣ʲô˼
˴峤̲ס
Ыӣ棬䣬ߣѻôĶ嶾˺ͺڶ˾ܿƵ˵ģǸۼĶ²°֮ⶼѾ϶롣ɽУƶģɷ
ɹջʵ̫ˣڵĳǣ֪ж϶ڵζǷǳĲˡ
ͼǡ
֮ǰʱƾϵ˶һʯ֮УȫԴӦԡʵϣ֮ǰôõʱ䣬ɽôûҵǣ˵һ㡣
ڣôĶߣ䣬ѻͼ˶㵽ｨص󷨣˲Ϣ֮ͱƵ
Щ϶Ŀͼ˵


1423 ƾ֣һ
ǰ黹ûصֵز嶾ˣͺڶȻҲûеսʤĵز
ʱͻȻڵ΢ͷĿйâԺм˼ţ
κζģߺͶɱģǸͲҪɱЩֻҪҵǵˣҵǸ嶾ˣͺڶǵֱӸɵǣһҲͲơ
ôס
Ļͼ˲ɳ̾Ϣһ
Ȼ˵ȷȷʵʵô£嶾ô׶ԸѾɱҲˡһ㣬ʦӦˡ
һԣа˲ûзϣһֱⲿı仯ָһǧɾƿնһֻֻѻ
Ȼаȴ˿ɣɳɳ飬Ķ˷Χ£Ѿʮˡ
˻Щ߻ûпһŤţ߰ͷ­һɹɵĶʹƬķΧԽˣҲԽΣպ
һɲжġ
ǰʱҲҪɵǣһ⣬ȫɷЩ˵û˼ֻ˵ǵְˡҪʱҵǵܣ
ͼüͷ
δأ
û˵ֻ΢ɲҡҡͷ
һδƽһ𣬾˻ôԸ嶾˵˵ʱа˵⣬
ĶУһֻֻѻų죬ԭϢޣɢΧĵϣʱЩѻͻȻ˫Ŷţ˫һˣȻڿն
һֻֻֻգۼ䣬баɱѻȫڿն൱һ˫Ŀ׺ݣХţһ㣬ݺݵײа˵⡣
飡
һֻֻѻײϣȴǸĶ죬а˵ôͻƣһֻֻѻײڱݰϣĴ죬Ӷ۶ˡ
ЩѻȻ˿Ӱ죬һЩѻӶŤ˺󱳣ֻڲͣ˴
һĻаۣҲ΢΢ɫ󷽣ͼ˸ǾֱվһԵ˴峤ɫҲ̫ÿ
ô£
Ҳ¶𶯵ɫֱǰδѾ˵󷶳롣
е
κ˾ˣٻΪˣû
ɽĹѾȫԽ񣬼ֱ˼飡
ƶǹƶ벻ˣ
ͼ˵ɫѿޱȡ
˵嶾˵ĳֻ֣ǿ󷨣Щôƶĳ֣ȫôˡ
ƶϷΪУ
һŭ쳹أаʱͻȻˡû˷ӦɲǼ䣬һӴޱ޼ʣɽ纣·籩һϱϯء
аϣһºҲ˲ʧ
ΪɽеĴڣаķɽȫͳμġȻа˸ı˺ܶࡣ
Ȼ嶾˵˵ƣҲаǱǹޱȣɱ¾£Ǭٶϵٴμ
һɲǣаϱϢնŤȼա
ʦ
оʦǹɰԵϢҲɰľʦദôã⻹һμʦ˷ŭ
ٺٺ٣аۣͳаͳҵ置Ǳˮˮ۷ͳεʱҲˡҪ־͹ִɹջʵ̫ˡǼϼһȻԶҪܹΪµһˣջ˭ܾܾԲԣ
ңˮתͳɽô꣬Ҳûȥˣ
ãһɳƮʱʱʱʱԶ˶
δֹŹֵ˿ûκεıʶȣŮٶ޷ֱ档
䡢ΣգʬϢȴκΪ֮ӡ̡
ޱصĲرͼǼؼıҿ嶾յһ·
ɳ˵յĿġ
ߣ֪߳ܵ϶涼¶Ҳµһˣ
аɫӲޱȣ
ٸһᣬߣüĻֻ·һɹҲЩ϶մȾ𣿡
ٺٺ٣ķŻǣڵ㣬ëķˣԸǣ
аΣ۷ʱǶô㣬οڣ
б¶ԸЩС˵ɣ
˷һ嶾ˡɷڶҲ˵ˡ
ߣķڿɲһ˲Ӧ㡣˶Ӧ֪书ǿǿ书ҵĹƶҲûõġаյʱ˼Ǽյ֮󣬼Ǽʦͽ׼ɡ
ƶ˵仰б㾲ĵģûκϢ
Χ죬еѻɴУȴûзκεĹ
˷׷üͷ¶΢΢˼ɫ
Щһﵽʲôڵȫûͣ¹
ͻȻڵ
ǲǲ룬ǻȥҲˣޱһǿԻٵġǺжһݣԻٵرͼ
ͼ˳ǡ
ڵֻ취ͻΧˣԴУ
ʱ˴峤Ҳˡ
ûô򵥣
ͼҡҡͷüͷýġ
ĸ˾һ𣬻ֵܵһᣬֿĻɹڿдʱǼ˸ױƶá
ң˶Ѱǣ뿪Ҳܿ챻˷֣ȻҲУ룬ЩϹʱ֡
ΧʱһƬĬÿ˶ͼ˵˭Ԫһ桢棬ɽǿߣЩ˿²嶾׶Ը
̫
Χĵģ˭Ҳû˵ʱ־Ĭ֮еδȥ
֪˶ãͻȻ֮һƺʲôǶ¶һ˿Цݡ
黹ûж񻯵ֵزԪһҲۣ⼸϶ҪԸǻûô򵥡

ͼɫһ̧ͷĿ壬˵ʲô
Ȼʱ򣬶ͬʱа˵
Ҳ𣿡
ƽޱȡ
ǺǣһȺСѣѵκβǣ
ڵϣ̧ͷ¶һ˿΢Ц
ҵǵˣ
ͼ˻һ𣬷·ʲôдΪȡ
嶾˺ͺڶǿҵģ˽սζǵúԶз£Ҫҵǵܡ
а˺˼ȻѾҵˡ
һЦаҲɫƽĿȴ䲻ѡ


1424 ƾ֣
ɣ
һͻȻһԾʧ
һ̾ھǧĵطһΣͻȻ֡
䣡
һɰŷϣǧ䶯ţѻСɽһһƣҵıը
Ķ߱ըѪɣ֫ϱ
ȻСɽȺ·һӰ¶
ӰȫֱͦڵϣϴƤһ·ɫҲȺһģһ
Ͽյʱ˫գûаϢһ˲ϵӣԼ󴦵ۣȴй¶ݡ

·ǵӰ¶һ˿ЦݣһЩߡ䡢ѻסǣʵ̫ˡ
䣬û˿ԥ˫¸֣͵һ·ȥ
ܣ
ͬһʱ䣬ڵϣ˫յҲоΣ͵ۣϷȰֵ壬Ĳ˼顣
߷ǴйŴǿѧǾɣһͲй¶һϢǶǿҲԲ
ϵϢҲúͶһ˸о֮УֻһѶ߶ѡ
ƾһ׹ؾѧݺʮأûб˷ֹ
ƾżԦȺɽ绹ûж˸ҵ
ûȻᱻһʮ˾꣬вء
һͦͬʱһɺӵվһѾˡ
ֻһ죬ս
ոԾڵѪһ
ڵľȫ顣
Զ߹ΪߣһҵرǶּĸֻ֣·һ
ণ
ͬһʱ䣬Хаֻһݣؿռ䣬˸߸ߵϷ
ã
аˣһǵߴʧɫ
Ŀ𺣬һֻ޴Ĵϣֻһչ߰ף峤ףȫᣬޱȡ
ǿеߣڴϣڽ׵ĸ߿գٿЩѻ
ߣ
ڶŴҪԶȥû뵽а۾Ȼôߵĵط
߿֮б֣׾죬˵ǵķи߶ȣ¶Ԫһľ˵󼰡
ڶû˾Ȼƾһֱ֮ӳǰ
ķɲǣڶɫˣиֳĿ־塣
Ϸǰߵ𣿡
ʱ򣬸߿Уа˿źڶӴܵıӰ
ûҵҲͰˣȻҵǾ·һ
ণ
еĴ۵糸һ㣬ԶӶݡ
Ȼոӳɣһľ絶һƥ˲Ӻ׷ϣббֱӽͷͬĺڶһٶȻҵıը
Сģ
ķǸң
ߣ
ɱǣ
̶ʱڣͺڶ˶û뵽ġ
а˷֮죬֮ͻȻüȫʼϲ
ͺڶպʹһƬңУǧãã纣Ⱥԭ䶯ţͬоһ㣬Χ£Ȼһ̣ʱͬȺףɢȥ
һЩߴһţֱҧϣʼȿֺķʳʬ塣
һЩ˵Ķ๥ȺһƬҡ
ɣ
ͬһʱ䣬һУյѻͻȻ֮·ʲôһ㣬Ȼ֮һɢ
ûͺڶĿƣЩ߶ѻʱҲܿƣɢȥ
ߺͶѻȻɢȥЫͶĹȴԽͣһɳɳ죬ССĶ棬ͻȻӸӿ
ЩУһЩɫЫӿΪۡ
ͬһʱ䣬ˡһĤѹѹĶ޾Ϯ
׼𣿡
ʱ˴峤ͻȻڵ
а˳֮ͽտͼ˵
İɣָһʱỹû⣡
ͼ΢΢ЦôһΧһȻ̫ǿҪֵһҲǴ´ˡ
˴峤ЦЦ˵ͷһ̣䣬һڵ㣬˴峤ؼɲһӴڱϯܡ
žžžĶ仹ûӿеЩȫ˴峤ˡ
Ϊڵ¾ķֲ𣿡
˴峤ڰУ߲ͣԶûаôֻԵôƽͣ˴峤ȴƽ͵Ȼͬ
¡
һɲǣؾ㾲һ̣һһ㣬ͻȻ˲û˴峤Ȼŵص׺ݺݴ¡
ã
ڵصףر׵ĵصһҺɫӰһ𣬶
ϸȥͻ֣ᷢ˾ȻǺڵϣһͷĹ޺С
صߵĽߣҲܺڵ棬ԼһɴС
ҺڵӰ޺ţڵص׵Уֲˡ
Ȼ˭ϵˣҲǷˡ
ô
ɷ¶һ˿ҵɫʶһţȴȻˣǵص׵Ҫ룬̸ס
¡¡
ҲʱһɫֺƵ޽һ㣬£һᴩ׵ĵصסһֱڵµɷͬͷ֪ڣһᴩ
ֻһĲҽУɽ磬Կƶ桢Ыȴһ㲻̸֪ɫɷʱѪ˴峤һᴩŶ
ԭͼ˻ֻʮ׵Ķ涾Ы飬˲ͣʼ˺ɱɡ
ڶɷʱһƬҡ
ôǵôҵģ
ͬʱԶȺɽ󷽣һӰƿϵʯ壬ȻӴܣԶɳͬʱĽɫ飬Ȼڶе嶾ˡ
һɲǣɫţңҲȫŲ·
һζԸǣʮþȡҲܶԸãã޼ʵĶߡ䡢ѻͶ档
ڣһֱˡȻ嶾˵ûб¶ʶǵ嶾ﻹðա
ϾǼ˵֮Զ֮ϡ
֮УɲöԶǳڣ
ৣ
嶾˼˸ʧԶ֮زز
һȺǶԸǵģǰ̶Ҵˡ

ķʦͽ̫ΪҾͶԸ𣿡
ʦаˣԼ˴峤ɱʱͻȻ֮䣬һŭޱȣ˶С


1425 ֮
ǹƶˣ
ʯ֮УȺɢȥͼ˱ϲΪһƳʱһ飬֪ΣյĹƶûгȥ
ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬У塢аˡ˴峤ǻһݣһܣȫ䱸
ëѨСܣ
а˵˴峤ĶͬʱĿ磬ѵĴܡ
Ȼɱ϶а˵ȴû˿滺ͷɣñ֮ǰԽء˴峤岻ɽˣ֪ɽе飬а˺ͼȴ֪ġ
ͻȻ£϶һʣµǸȴҪ¡
ƶϸ˵ˡ
Ϊ˵κʹķʽΪҪˣ㲻ˡֻǡʿ置Ĺƶһ֡
ǵĹʽ̫ˣ˵࣬ѼķɹΪʽ
ڴУԻ͸ߵ֪ڡ
ڹʽ̫£ɴȣԼǵ꣬аͳаһʱҲٽ置һ
ȻƶҲʲôͻ
ټϹƶҲһ򲻳置Ī⣬˫֮䣬ûʲôͻ
Ǵɹĳµһ˵ջȴƽλ֮ǰδֵľ뢣һӭ˱˴֮ĳͻ
ķҸǰյĹǣǽɾıȴûɱɷǡǿ̣벻ֱ̡̫Ȼˣͱùˣ
ŭϵ˶͸żΣյϢ
ķ֣֣СӣСĹƶķɹƣ
ϣͼ˽ޱȣ͵Ĵ
ƶǵ
Ĺʵ̫ˡֻأɹʽһȫС
֣ǿȥ
а˴ƮƮĴӿ£˫۲ϵĴܣ龯ޱȡ˴峤Ըֹ޾飬ֻǿԱ
ʦСģ
廹ûмʦôأôԴɫ֪ƶͬСɣ岻ҵתͷͬ˴峤һৣͼ˵ķȥ

󳷵ʱͻȻ֮䣬ûκεףһӶϷϯ
аˡ塢˴峤ִԶͼ˽ʯ󴵹ֻͨһ죬ʯ֮УͼɫһҧȻͺһľ׮һ㣬Եȥ
ã
ͬʱ·ϣ˴峤ɫһ䣬һԣͻȻӿеվȣ
壬Сģ
˫Ÿոأ˴峤Ƥϣ˵ڵϣתһƤ£ͺСһߣƤ͹𣬿ֲ֮
ƶ
һ˸ո硣
ʣ紵ʱ򣬹ƶѾ˹ƶҾͻڷС
˴峤ʵ֪ģһλҲԼʦû뵽ôС
Ժиոתͷһǰһڣڵû˿ף¾ɲӣӰе
ֹˣѾرȫëѨϣһɲǣľȴɨӵһɹСŵĶ͸ЩëסѨϣڡ
ЩСͬëһϸСȴڲͣζȥӵġ
һЩٶȼޱȣֻʹѨϣ뵽ľ֮С
⵽ʲô
𺳣æѧ˴峤һ㣬ڵأȫѹơ
Ȼߵϸëƺû̫áڵҲֻ΢һЩûֹܹЩëϸС
亹˲ˡ
û˹ȵĹʽߵĹƺȫá
ʱ˿̣Ҳֻа˵Ĵ΢һˡɫ԰ףͷ΢΢ϸСĺȴڰУû¡
ķԵ³Щëʮ置Ĺƶɣɣ置Ĺƶ
֪ߵԣƶʱҾͰڣιڼֿҲֻӻԼڰˡôǶ·һ
ƶʧʱ˶
ԭֻҪɾıͿӹһڣǾȻΪУǾȡɱǣǼһҪҵС
Χ˭Ҳû˵а˴峤һȫؽգͼȥ
࣬ɱ֮Уǹƶ˵Ŀ֮
ͼҲͰˣ塢˴峤ûһǵĸ֣˲Ϣ䣬Ѿ˹ƶĵ
ƶëƿɼһߣ
⵽ʲô
ڵϣͷ亹乡δ˿µΣһǿĹӢ֮ء
ǰѾжѣʦ˴峤ҲͬУȥ˶Ҫ
Ժд˷˼ŶԲߡ
ǹƶ置ưԶ꣬аλʱκβʵ֮ǿ֪ô׾ܽ
尵ʱ벻鷢ˡ
棡ϸСδ֪ͼ֮ʯжϷ֮ʯǷ񼤻
ʱ֮ʯģ˿ԺΪ⡣
ô£
һķ֣Ӵ֮ʯôãӲ֪֮ʯһȻЩ⣬ܿ׹
һëƽ뵽Ժ֮У˳ž뵽֮ʯӰ췶룬֮ʯжΪ֣֮ʯķ

û˿ԥԺе֮ʯ
ʱڿδ֪ڿʼʱ
֮ʯٴ
ʱ
Ϊ⡣
ΪֻԼǱģڿ֮ʯֹԶԼʵʩˣһַǳ
ˣëƿԴԴϵ֣ڵëԶԶģ֮ʯΪʲô
巴Ӧܿ죬ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ͨеĹؼĴǡ

һԥ֮ʯһ̣һεĲƴڱŷ
ͬǴԺ֮У֮ʯΪıŷġ
ȫ漴ľ۲£֫ٺȫëѨԼ֮УЩ࣬ƹ֮ëƣ˲Ϣػҷ


1426 ԪѪ
ЩϸСëƣʱһᣬˬȫҲӿ˲١
飡
ڵëƣһģ˲𣬳ʦаߣ͵һưסа۵ļ
ʦ㣡
û˿ԥ˲䷢֮ʯǹε͸ƣ͸аڡ飬˲Ϣʱ䣬аڵëҲѩڰ㣬׷׻ҷ
һɲâһֳ˴峤ͼߡƬ̵ʱ䣬ڵë˲䱻һա
ֻʣ¿еЩƶˣ
ԣӿлڵϡĿſУѩޱȡ
ƶëƿڷУֻ࣬ڵëƣȻα겻αûжôҪƳƶĹͱΧһйƶ
ˣ
û˿ԥһ̽У֮ʯ
ȫ
һ̣ΪģһεĲƣޱ޼ʣ˷𵴶ȥ
ΧȻʲôҲھֻƵëƣΪģɽԶһһ㣬һȦһȦͣ
βƵ֮ûκεëƿ
ȵ֮ʯ֮ΪģԲʮڣʱΪ֮һᣬûκιƶ
ЩɫĶҲţѸɢȥ
ⲻܣԲܣ
дһޱȵĹʽĹƶһ࣬Ǳ˸ܲƶô֪ܲ
ЩȫѪιģΪгʮصƶûԼĹƶȻᱻһˡ
ֻʣһˡ
ȴû𾪵˫أһѸٱ۾
֮ǰսѾף嶾ˡֻǺڶЩˣҲֻͨˣûд˵ô
ȺУֻطϢȺںϣԷְˡڶ֮ͨϣĶѻɷ׵ĵ¡
Щ˶ԶûдﵽǧԦʹĵزǵڶĸֻصõͨ޷ֶѡ
ƶٹأٿ£Ҳһ
ľ޾ɢ˷̺ʽѲÿһŹκһǡ
һ̣ͻȻ۾ǹ¶һ˿Цݣ
ҵˣ
ƶҲҲһɣ
Ŀ磬ѸŤͷǧ⣬һϿĴ
ôۣǴ֮Դ磬Ҳʲôرȴ֪ƶҪǡǡ
ݣû˿ԥһΣؼµӰ˲ǿſĴǰ
ΣѾֵǹˡ
΢΢һЦָ繳һץֻһ죬һƤ˲䱻˺ʧȥƤڣ¶һֻ˶Ѫ
ֻѪаƴ͸·觡ʯһ㣬һԱͬˮһ㣬ҫޱȡ
۴һ濴ⶼȻе
ֻѪڿ֮в֪˶ʱ䣬ʱεƤ¶Գһ˿ҡǵģǻңһֻȻҲС
ĹԴļƻ˫һʶҪڿշ𣬵ǰһжͽ͵ġ
֨
ֻѪոշߣץС
ƶֻԪưɣκζҪ۵ģ㲻Ϊ԰ȻѰɣ
ͷеѪЦ
Сӣң
ͬʱһŭȻĻǿֻźͻҡ
Ȼûָһֻ߬ƴѪһ飬Ѫ˲һغ

ֻѪͬʱʮ⣬˲䴫һĲҽСһ̣ĮĮɳУһӰԾڰУѪǵӰһ·ϷɶݶȥӶ֮лͣشţ
ܣܣû˿ƵҵĹƶܡ
嶾ԼǲͬƶһֱԶĪɳĮУϢȫɳǡ
ôԶľ룬ľҲԵִƶıֻͨѪԪԶ̲ٿأãã޾ëƣȫֻѪͷųġ
置йĸ֮˵ֻѪǹƶġĸ
ɱٵëƣڹƶ˵ûжӰ졣ֻҪѪڣȥһָֻҲǹƶĿºǿ֮
ǹƶû뵽岻ƵëƣһҵѪ
ΪﵽƶֵزĸԽ󣬺ȫں϶ȾԽߡ
Ѫڸһ置ƶĴͳƶһ˴ص置Ҳˡ
аۣҾŹʦͽ
ƶԹ޵ջصʧ

ΧеĶߡЫж棬׷ɢȥһָֻƽڤڤУһʷǰΣΡ
ϣͼתѣа˺˴峤Ҳ˫أָ
Ѫ
ǹƶıԪƣϷôҲǵһμƶԪƳʲô
һȺѸپۼߣֻ󱬵Ѫϣͼ档ھ֮࣬ͼҲɰ£
Сӣҿ㣬Ȼο¾ȫûˡˣ㵽ôЩƶģ
һ仰ʱҲʦа˺˴峤ע⡣ƶĹʽڿҲ൱޽⡣û壬롣
˵
Ƭ̣˸ȥһйһСа˺˴峤Ҳֻʣû
һֱаǰ֣Ϸ飬аҲʣԶΡ˴峤аˣô֡
ķ֣֣嶾ˡƶ˵ĹƺƴֻѾһЩ˵ע⣬֮ǱøϽ뿪
˴峤˿գڵ
еĶѾɢȥ˵ȻһΣҲʧȥһϣΣܿͻϮ
ţ
˵˵ͷѸӶݶȥ
һʯǧˣڵ˵ġ˱뾡뿪顰Ŀ
Ȼ㲻㣬˸ոӳԶͻȻ֮䣬һޱȵĹЦմ
аۣҵˣ
պ¡¡嶸̧ͷֻǰƹǵأӿں֮Уһ޴ĺѣ˵ķ
ɽͰӴźԶľ룬Ҳ˸оһǿѹ
棡
ǵӴӰƤһжʱ


1427 ħκа
˵ķӦѾܿˣֻ˻ǵ͹ɽи߶ڴɹĿ
ɽ뢶ϣڽ֮ǰܴ뿪
λǰСģֻ˵ҲòԶ
忴е棬о
һ˵в󣬲ʦ˴峤ԶԸζ˸֣ҲһòԶҪԸ׵¡
Ҫ֪֮ϷǰѵҲҪɾµı𣿡
а̧ͷգɫƽ
Ȼɽеľ뢣Ǻ֮仹ŲٵĲࡣ
Ҫᣡ
ϴ˵ĿУƹ滯ľ޴һ㣬׹¡һڵϣ̳
ٺ٣аֻۣһסķҲɽеϣɽеӦ֪ڣɽ磬е㡣£㲻ΪԴӣ˳㻹ڳذɣ
磬㽫еõıŴɹĲرͼҡΪҲһЩɽеĶ⹦ȻóԿĻҲԽɾıУ˴ɹ֮⣬ϵؽ㡣㿴Σ
滹ź״̬һڷж
񹦣
ǿս̬а¾ɽеаף̸ɫĴڣҲ˿Ҵ⡣
濴ƽʵڽ˺аۼս׼
ߣƾ㡭ʸ񻹲
аĴŲԶľ޴Ͷ䣬ȻȻ¶һٱơ
ԶԶȥȻа۵ͺͺһСһ󣬵ʵȴȫġƣµģ͸ĺ
а۵Ļش滯ĺͷһڣ޴¶һ˿ŭɫֻǣû濪ڣһ̣һĮģ˿˶
ȻˣǾƲԳԷˣɾıҲҲ

һ̣û˿ףΧʮڣ̹֮ȻڡԸоڵܵ˸ţû֮ǰ硣
棡
ԺжһͷȻĿһתѸٵɨܹٿôΧӰԼڵУ֮£Ҳֻλҳõ
ȻķâǹҳСλ档
ܹλаǿ֮λгΪа֮׵ģʲô򵥵Ľɫ򵥣ҲλáοҳĻʮ湦еġݴǹ
ҧĹСѧȴɽ¶ˮĵ
˵˲µġ
Увȣһֱ֮ϡ
ಣ
ĵطһӰһ۵Ĺ켣ƻʵ죬˵ķɫ̰壬˲Цľͷɵһ㡣巢֣沢һֱǰ
ÿһǰ仯ʱ򣬶ΧɽʯľӰΪһ壬˲֪ԵĴڡ
سɴ磡
ֻǿ˼ۣͫһϳǿľѧ
سɴ硱ִ˵еķɽУϹʱһּĹǼĶṦ֮һ꣬岩Ⱥ飬ŹϾѧļء
ǵʱϣسɴ硱Ѿʧ
Ҳû뵽Ȼۿ
ûüϸ룬һ̣һɹɷ籩ǿϢѸٳĸ֪СԶԶȥֻƽߴаһ˵ĳϡԼĸ֣ˣڵķ򣬷ٰ
Ȼ˵˾б
ˣ
ǰаԣǸߴӰɽͰΰҲãҲգȨʱȫҴһҪϢ
ʱ仯ԼꡣֵޱأҲǳ롣
ֹȻӢ۱ɫ꣬˵㱻ͽ˵ҶѾɷһֻҲţаۣôˣȻ꣬ͻָյΪȻаۣ
ʱһһ㣬ԶϿ
Ҿ֪һסģһҳҲУǲ֪ټκаǲе㲻һ
¡¡ֻһʱ񻹸˺Զգ֮䣬һӰͳߣٿʱѾһľ룬ֻգۣǵӰ籼׳磬һ˸һڿлһĻΣһ䵽˵ϡ
ҳվһ
֣Υˣ
ɲǼ䣬սţ˲̡
壬Ҳ΢΢ɫ
ɽеﲢ˽⣬ҲóϵģԳκаߣضһҳľǿߡ
һöԸټһҲڻ£аۣһоͽȻͬ
ħ棡
ҳɫ԰ףһߣͼ˻һ£¶ԵĿ־塣
ħκаʮǰѾպգ׹
ԵаһаĻκаȻ㲻аһˣҲǰ֮С
аħͷۣ˵ĴüΣա
κаû㻹ʵȻвˡ
ʱ˿̣Ψһ򶨵ĿҲֻʦаķˡ
ΪɽаһˣаӵԼİͰ
аħȻʵаӵоصĵλǺаɽУʱȣвСĲࡣ
Ǻǣ֣ʱаڴˣҵȱض˵Եתߡ־͹ִɹջʵ̫νΪΪʳ˵ֶһǾܰѴɾµǼˡ
κаǰȥɫݣкη塣
ķͲҪɫˡսģҲֻһĵѷϣǸͽܣܹӭҺԪһһУҲûжͷϧûпĻͽѾ߻ħˣ
컯ٱȴ߻ħһΪͻߡû⣬аǰѰҴɹΪͽܰɣ
ٺٺ٣аۣ֪ɽ磬ܹ˿޼Ķǿܴ򲻹㣬ͽܿɾˡ
һ˵ţһĿ壬һĲ⡣


1428 
ɣ
Ⱥ󷽣ͼ̲ⷬס
ȻҪҪЮаˣϵĴޱصĲرͼԼ顣
ߣ
Ȼ滹κаһĿȫۼаϣȫ޶ԡ
ǣ𣿿ǳԶˡ
ʱһͻȻ˶忴ǰλаʦͻȻЦ
棬ȻǾɣ
䣡
ʯ䣬˺һΣͻȻалûӰ棺
ٺٺ٣
һĻλаͬʱһȻû뵽𹥻һ̣һЦһϷʵЦݣڵͬ
䣡
˵ĿУصײһ𣬰ڱڼʮ׵ĸ߿գȪһ㡣
컯
񹦣
˵ĿУֻһ˸ͬڿն𣬲Ҷʩչǿľѧ
䣬˷գˢԲǧס
˵ĿУһ»Ӱ𲻶ϳ֡ԲǧڣеĿһΧŰһӰת
ֹˣһɿµ£һ޴ɰʯңһЩߵʬ嶼ڿն𣬳Űеȥ
˺ƴƣö͹ħ涼ɫ⣬㵲ѡ
ʱ˿̵壬ѾΪؼһΣյķ籩ܳŨҵԪ񱩳̶ƺҪеһж˺ɷ顣
弸֮ǰչ¶֮𡣾ͺһţһȫ

Уһŭ쳹أ滯ĺɫҧצ˺βĴ巢ҵĽ
滯ĺÿһÿһƣӵɽѰӴơ
ƣλаŭɶ
СӣҪ˺㣡
쳹ء
ҲҪ²У
ԣãͬп񱩵д
գз·𻯳ؼǿǿ񱩵һһεײĹһδε
滯ĺһСһ֮𣬵ʵȴȻ෴
ÿһι֮ڵϣҪ滯ĺ
ںսУҲȡһȭȭ⣬Ӳյսʽ
ֹˣ컯޷汬Ĺ൱һֱء
ʹÿһײ׻ѡ
ϣ͹ħͿˡ֪а۵ͽҲʶԪһ湥ĳû뵽Ȼ˵񲻿ɵÿһÿһƶƴȫ
ҲɽеĶǿߣʥսҲǷḻޱȡ
ս漸ǱѹŴֱ˼顣
⣬ôܣ
Զ˵ĵӣһĻ;ˣһſл˵
СӣСӣȻôǿ󣡡
˵ˣߣ̹󷨵ͼ˴ʱҲǿſĿ࣬˵
֪ǿһ£ǿ󵽿ѹסһ¡
ʵȫ
СǺʦҲ˰ɣ
뵽а˵ͽܣûʱ䣬ͼһ仰˵
ʱ䣬ɾ뢶ͷжǿ츳
ͻȻЩףаΪʲôͽôˡ
ϧҪҵͽܾͺˣ
뵽һ㣬ͼбԽĶ̾Ϣ
֮УսԽԽҡ
ըϷ򣡸
ŭޱȣϺ̹ҧצ˺ĹԽҡ
ߣ
ıŭмһˣо֣ڰ߻ħƣԷſֽţʩչ
Ȼ㲻Ҿʹ
Ǳ쳹գһԥѸʩչ˴컯ɱС

УһһӰͻȻ϶Ϊһҵײɽ޴ĺϣǿֲúɫ΢΢һʱҲ˵ˡ
Ǭ
תңɳʯϵϢȻθһأһɲǣضһƬ
һʹϣ͹ħ׷ױɫ
аķ⼸пѧɽ缸˲֪˲͹ħͬһǰԹ
¡
˵ĿУϢصײһ滯ĺɽ壬ǿޱȣһ̣һʱʮɣӴػ
ȻһлԶûн
ڴǬ֮󣬵д
¡ֻһ춯صľ죬Բǧڣռ䶼·ˡһӴĻڱ֮ƣ˰еĺɫ
ôܣ
һΣֳ˻ҵɫ컯оѧÿһжǿޱȣаķ⼸ɽд¾˲֪ǿߡ
оѧҪôﵽʥϸ΢ĵز
ǵʵǿ󡱾ܹġ
Ȼô룬һжѾˡ

ֻһ춯صĲҽУֻüȫۼצҵĳһȻ㱻ǿֲݺݵɳȥ

Ҹڰн֣ٶȺ֮죬ˣȻֹ
飡
û˿ԥһݣ͵سֱ˰е壬һ࣬ħѸǰһӴƴңš
һۣаķˣҪɾĲرͼ;飬Գϵơе˫ȭѵ֣úܲ˶ࡣ
аҲס֡
Ȼ˵ļƻһʼʹˡ
¡ɲǣһɫĹȱֱڵ¡ɲǼضɽҡһӴϢа
ҪǺӣǹͷһذɣ
˴峤һֱվа󣬲죬Ϣޣ͹ħ涼кĴڡ
һ̣˴峤ȴһ޿ǿʵˢеԤС
¡¡˵ĿУ滹ûнӽе壬㱻˴峤ס˫ཻһɻԵ޸Զɨķ
ϢһңӰ׹һ࣬˴峤ͬ£ȴࡣ
飡
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ˫䵽ϣԣһƵᣬɢȥѿޱȡ
һʱ䣬ؾ㾲һƬš

һɹ΢д
Χһ˵ĵӣҳ۾ǰһŲѡ
ǰħ棬濴ǰаˡ˴峤һ仰˵˵ɫѿޱȡ


1429 ļ
ⳡս˫ʵԱȣ˾޴ƫȫ֮
Ѿ߻ħ˽йھҵսǺһսȴ˿Ӱ졣˵һʵɲ˴峤
һʱ䣬ʵǿĹħҲй˼ɣ׳ˡ
κаôԸ㣿
ʱаͻȻˡ
Ŀ⻺ɨޱȡ
ô򵥵һ仰˶ʱɫ΢䣬֮֮ǰӵĹ˼ˡ
ڵﱻ֮ǰаǹϵаһˣа뢵书ȫָơ
һһսУλаʹûӮаˡ
ʮӰﲻη塣
һ̣䣬Զһɰҵıըͬ籩һϯءͬһʱ䣬˵ĸ֪УһӴϢ̵ͬһ㣬ͻȻ˵ķٶ
ǣ
üͷһ壬̧ͷϢķ˹ȥ
ʥ侳ǿ߸֪ǳ񣬶Էĸоʵǿ󣬿²桢Ԫһּǿ֮¡
ԷϢҲǳŹ֣岻뵽ӿˮͺ˵̺ŨҵĺϢһ㡣

аüͷһƺʲôȻǵ籩Ϣķȥ
棬桢ħ򳤳һͻȻֵϢ˵ѹСࡣ˵Ӱаɽη壬̸ɫ䣬Ϊ磬ḻսͲɱ飬Լ·
Ӳģ书ߵľǹħˡǱҪǹħ棬ҲԸаˡ
ণ
ХԷһʼƺûص˼
ֻһݶХ˺أԾ˵ٶȣķ
˵ĿУһŰ׳磬׹ʯһ㣬Զٶ
ֻʱ䣬ǵӴϢ㴩ؿռ䣬ڹħ಻ʮɵб󷽡
¡ǿϢ̺ڰһۣȻ׹ڵϡһ̣һ۴䣬ɫۣޱȵҰ֮С
Ŀɫ磬ߵҲǳҫۡĿעģͷһɫӣϣؿڣһɫģɺס
ɺаɫģеģھ廹ûмɫɺס
ͻȻֵߣ˵ĸоޱȡ
ְԭôͬûǼʱˡ
߲ЦĿһɨѸٴԹһ˵ţһǰȥ
·ʱĿһע⵽᾵СʯϣͻȻСˮ¶ﶬ¶һ㡣
棡벻һɹȻϹҲˡ
˼ʱһϸСͻȻͼ˵һһ˹ȥ
ǰʲôˣĹܲһ㣡
ѹ
ɽʮ֮˵˵аʮǿģǵ档֮һĵڶһ뿪ҲӲԭԣʦ󿪡ҲܹĹˮԣֻҪˮʵͻӡ˵УܹٻƲеˮ֣ﵽ绽ĵز
ڱ֮У˿ԺԿ
ͼ˵
Ȼһ˼󷨣ǶɽЩ׹֣˶Ҳ˽һЩġ˵ףϾˡţֻҪɽеˣ¾ûв֪ġ
绽꣡
ͼ˵ĻдΪԾǰǽɽеû̫Ľ֪ɽк绽ľѧ
ʮѧУҲû־ѧ
Ҳ֪Ҫؼˡ
һЩˣţȻûֻԵѧϰʮ湦ƾ츳ȴܽеĹ֮컯Ϊ棬Խĵز
Ȼûʮ湦һʵ֮ǿ²ѷɫκʮ湦ˡ
ﵽֵزǿѾ͹ûʲôȻĹϵˣǿ󣬽Ϊ߱ǿ
Ծˣ
ߣһɹģúãýһȫɱ⣡
ʱаͻȻˡ
ɱӿΧʮڣŤһȫµģ˵Ϣڱ
ǹϢϢȻͬ嶼о΢΢Щİ
棬ħ˲ɫ¼涼ɫ΢䣬ײг̶ȣа۲µһˣ¾аֲħ˶ϳԹ
Ȼа۵ƣϸоǹϤıϢÿ˶£ɵء
򣬲дով﷢ս
쿴öˣҿϣ
̣Ϣʱ
ͻȻһӵԶԶԶأ֪˳
̫ͣãѾ̫˵ע⣬߷ӵˣʷǰ߻ۣҲмɵ
ʦ
ʶŤͷԼʦڵ˷ǳÿһ̣ͻһЩɽǿע⡣
һ߻㼯µʱ߶ˡ
Ȼ˵ʱʱ죬û˾ȥһ̣һۻļХӼķһ̣һǿϢ籩һ㣬Ｑٸ
Ӱûϵбһ㣬ԶԶĴһɳҵˡ
ã棬棬桭ĸּüһãʢᣬܴ
ԶԶģһӰսӰûϵһ˫˶
ϣ
ս˻˵ĿУǵӰһͺƶһԾ˵ٶȷ̤
ļ
ͼ˿ǵӰ촽аټһѾѶԸˣֶһԸհҵļڵ˼䲻
ǣ˿Ҳ߲ˡ
趯Ժ˲Ϣͷû˵ʲôļǴͼ˵ķӦҲܸӦĳļһڼ棬ľǿߡ
ҶԷϢ糱·һȼյһ㣬Ϣ֮ңҲǵһ
ֻսˣ
סеľ飬ʱ̹ˡ
ս˻ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ļͳ˵ı棬ھ벻ԶͣŽɫսףһϯƥްսǽγеøߴޱȡ
ϸ嶼Ϊǳеĳλ۹ˣ


1430 ʼϲı仯
壬ǧСģļԭǳ͢һУξԵɺϣõٶǰڵĴУһ־ԵĶףһԵ˫񹦡ļĴѾ˳ʥҪգپ˻ĵĵزʵ֮ߣɲ
ͼѹС
Ҳǳ𣿡
עˣа˶ļɱ
ѾܾûпɱˣЩΪԶ٣ǾĴشˡ
ܵаŨҵɱܵնʱҲޱȡ

ڼŵʱûжע⵽ķһӰԶԶĹϴŵ̫ɺͼۡ
Ͽ챨
û˿ԥ͵תԶ۶ȥڱ۵ͬʱһֻŸڿնѸٵԶȥ
棬ļȫϵˣټ˵ǣѾۼλɽеĶǿߣ⣬ǻаķߣʵ߳Īߡ
һɽϣһ˵ĵӹڵأ鹧
䣡
λ̽ӵĻɲǼ䣬Χ˸ֶʱһƬңһ۷׷ס
ķչԤĻҪѸٵĶࡣǰ潫һʱ䣬ɽȫаķǵӰӶûҵڣа۵˵ټѸٱ¶˵ĿУһ˲˴ɽ뢡
漰ɾµıأ˺ļǶϹȥˣǲҲҪȥҪȻɹҪ˶ˡ
һԣ˾Ԫǰȥ
ˡһһҾ䡣
ԪһվɽϣڵķһѩĹâ
һ䣬ΧһƬ㵣Ԫһľ˸ҷԡ
ǣ
˷׷Ӧ
ͬʱϷа۵һ仰ձýޱȣʱһȷѪĴս
аλаһ˵вû˸ҵܼ֮滹棬ȫ¶˼ɵɫһʱ׼֡
һ̣벻鷢ˡ
ৣ
޴սϣļһһֻžƵĽͲԾ˵ٶȳа۶ȥžֻͲڰգըķѣΪļȶֵʱһžİɫͼ˳ٶҲࡣ
ž
аһţǰɫͼץֱʲô
ɹرͼ
ļ׳ȻޱȵĲرͼһʱ䣬ɫˣЩԾնʱǰȻͬ
ͻ嶼ûϵ
رͼܹƬռмƬôҴɹʧѾʱ䣬ڼ޽չǾһΡ
˶òôɹʧͨһ򿪱֮ͨǾ͸ƾˡ
ӭ˵Ŀ⣬ļӸ£˵һ˴㵲ѵĻ
ɹĲرͼޱȣÿȥܹڽȷѪ꣬Ϊ֮ļô˳ȥ˿ǼΪ޴ж
ģʲô
ɹʧ꣬˭Ҳûеõװرͼ˱ɨ䣬Ľ˶òˣ˽һء
ҽرͼǽɹҪõµһ湦󻹵ÿ˵ı¡
ɲǼ䣬նʱ΢ࡣ
Ȼļ˵ĺе˵һ£һ£Ҫ˰ǧĲرͼаУ̸ף
ߣ޴ΪʲôǰѲرͼѲرͼǣƾʲô
һļжмһˡȻ䡪
ž
һŲرͼ˳ȥھа˲Զĵط
аۣҲڳļͰ˵İ죬ϣĿԴ򿪴ޱأ
ҲڵоȻҲһŲرͼ
ףΪʲôΪ뿪Լĵ̣ǧϵء
аһţŵڵϵĴɹرͼУתֵݸ壺
Կ
رͼֻ֮õĲرͼпܴ򿪱أеľǼٵΨһ취
ǣʦ
ȽӹļĲرͼеľϷ΢΢һΣһ̣һâ͸飬ļĲرͼϣŲرͼӳճһ˿ҷɫǵ㡣
ģ
ֽӹ˼Ĳرͼͬ˿͹֡
Ųرͼȫɣ
бһŲرͼټϼļŲرͼѾĲرͼֻŲرͼƴճɾرͼ
ǳԤϣɾĲر֮ŪĿԴˣ
аķչĻҪ˳ļͼּؽǣԼ綼ǳ˿ɱȣˣó
һ̧ͷܿע⵽һĿ⣬ģһֱԼ
Сӣеöܽҿ𣿡
һУͻȻ忪ڵȻأ廹Ǵиоһ˿̰
Ȼԣ
΢΢һЦѸٽͻһɲǣɫѿޱȡ
ȴǼԵɾ뢣Ҳ޾ɫ
棬е²ǳģһ⣬ͼıǳӦòֻǶԸа۵İɡûв´УӦҲһŴɾĲرͼ
ʱϣļٴοˣĿֱָˡ
طҲͰˣɹĲر֮أǳɾ뢣϶мĸʣӵһŴɾĲرͼ
ļ㲻Ҫ˵˵Ĳرͼ
ҲģȻδ䣬һ̣һرͼವһ˳ȥ
ŴɾĲرͼȥɣ
вȻŭ뿪ںǷֱ˵ˣһʱʲôҲ˵ˡ
ħ棡
壬£ֻҪ򿪴ޱأʱɹ𣿡
ʱһϸÅȣУǹħ
ڣоʦ֮ʵȨħ滹Ҫ֮ϣε֮УҲǹħ˼
ǣ磡
ͷڲٶ˵


1431 ιʦ
ܿ콫ħĲرͼУþһɨͬɫٴγ֡
Ȼģ
˵ͷ⡣ˣļһӴ󣬶۽ˣеĲرͼǼٵģºùǡ
ˣоѾۼŲرͼֻŲرͼͿƴճĴɹͼˡ
һԭһս󻯸ɸΪ񲯣˶û뵽ġ

ʲô棬ļ棬аķȻˣ
󷽣յ棬аЩϵϢе˸ֶо˾޴𺳣һ̩ɽɫԪһҲ¶һ˿𶯵ɫ
ԭΪЩɾһͻ֣Ϊ˲رͼʩƣĲɿ˭뵽ǲûд֣еĲرͼ
ֹˣķѸߣе߽еĲرͼһ򿪴ޱأǻرϢʱЩѾ׷׸׳еĲرͼ
ڵϵ˵ӳϻ̳Ͽֵ
Ϸ绯һĻˣڵö˼Ϊ
Ԫһ۾һ˳˼С
̽Ҫʱ֪ǵһж
Ԫһ
Χͨ˵ӶԪһĿиоһ˿ͬѰ

ʱ仺ȥ壬аˣԼļǴЭ飬˶ʱˡڲҲǹĶǣԶԶ̸ŽᣬʱɢռŲرͼϣȫһ¡

һŲرͼ
ҲУ

Ѹپۼ˴ߣƾ˵ͷ֮У˾޴Ӱ졣
߷׷׽еĲرͼ׳ϣҳŲرͼƴճĴɹرͼĽȴΪʧ
һʮŲرͼһЩرͼһЩߴഫıһ⣬ȫǼٵġ
ûãЩرͼȫƷ
彫һŲرͼһԣʧɫ
Ҫҵǰ漸ŲرͼԱȽףҪҵļȴôˡɾĲرͼټ٣ʱ٣Ʒȴֻ࣬Ҫȱһţǰ
һɲǣɹرͼռ˽֡
ʵҵ֪һˣϺпܻдɾĲرͼ
һĪչʱͻȻ֮䣬˵ˡһ˵ע⡣
棬ʲô˼Ȼ֪һŲرͼ䣬Ϊʲôһֱڣһ̵ֱڲ˵
ⷬʱһ
Ҳ׷׿ż棬ȴĴ𰸡
Ҳ˵΢Щӡ
ĬƬ̺󣬿ڵ
Ϊİ˵һֱֱаǰˣ˻ǵһμ¶ɫ֪жΡ
棬ѵɵߣ
һԣļ飬ͻȻڵ
ˣҼɵģͬʱҲӵеŲرͼģԭˣһͻˣ

ͻˣ
ⷬ˴Ϊ⣬嶼¶һ˿ɫΪƵͬʱҲɳսĴ󽫾û˱ͻָˡ
ѵǡ
һɲǣ뵽ʲô
ͻʵλߣǶͻʺιʦ
Ҳûӣֱ˵յס
ǿ̫ܲ˽ˣڴƶһ˵׹һʵǵǷ켫
ιʦƺš
ʱ򣬹ħҲ˵ˣ
ǲҲѶԷε̫ˣرͼУǵѵԸһͻ𣿡
аۣħ棬棬ټϼļѾӴˡħ沢֮ǹħҲµ׻ʲôˣֵ˼ɵ
˵ιʦʵ̫ǿȴӵһǿӵмǿڶͻʺĴ֮УιʦʵѾǿԴȵĵزͻʺʩɺޱȣżȻԶԶһΣ˾ǵ£µĸ֣
һ֣صιʦԭڵأȻٱԭڵɾ֪Լ˵ٶ࣬ҲסԼҲû׼ϸ˵
֮˵ʵǿңݵؽ磬ŹһŴɾĲرͼ֪ǵͼҾܡǵʵҲ¡ʱ򣬾ۼٶĲرͼҲû˿ô
һ䣬ΧʱһƬ
ȷʵһͻ뿪˿ºס
ȺУа˺廥࿴һۣҲ΢΢üͷ治˵ѣһʦͽѰҴɹ飬ͱˡ

ʱͻȻһԶԶģһ˵Ӽٱһӽͷڵϡ̬˵
棬һλͻߣ˵Ҫλ档һݴϣ
ʲô
ⷬ˴Ϊ⡣

Ҳ
ǣ

ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һͻʵߣӥĿͷ­߰һɫۣźͼһ˵ӵ£һ·˵ķ
μλ棡
ͻʹ߲˹һ
ʲôˣ˭ģ
ü
ǺǣֻһС䣬Ҽ֮λһݴ񡣡
ͻʹߺ
ļڵ
˵˭׵ʲô
Ǻǣ˵λټˣޱزرͼ򿪴ɾµıءҼ˰ιʦ£ϴɾĲرͼһݣ
ͻʹ߿ڵ
ʲô
ⷬ˶ʱһƬȻȻ²⣬Ҳδ̫ɡոλͻͻͰѲرͼⲻòɡ
һ࣬ͻʹȴ΢΢һЦĿı仯δ
һ䣬Ųһ·ǰȥǰͣ
˵Ƴ͢棬ظ췭졣벻ؿ㣬ˣȻ
ʹһЦ˫һᣬ˹ȥ
ⷬٶ˴Ϊ⡣ôͷ˭Ҳû뵽λͻʵ½ײرͼʱ򣬾Ȼѡ˿ۣҲаͽ
ৣ
仰˲ͱɫ
һ̣û˵ͻʹ߰ѾĲͼУ뿪
رͼѾ͵ˡˣ
˵Ȼǰ벽ǰ뿪ˡ


1432 Ԫһ
ιʦǺްֽ顣ͻȻһݲرͼʲô˼
˿ͻʹȥıӰкɲѡ
²أģɽгưһľ뢡Ҫ˵ιʦûκεͼıôĸԸһŲرͼǣ˭Ҳš
忴ʹߵıӰбò
λͻιʦţʵսʱͼ˵λͻʵ˵壬ͼ˶ûмֻŶѡ
Ҳû뵽ιʦɾĲرͼһС
͢
ͻʹ˵ĻӹһĨһɲǣһ˿ӵɫȴܿѹʲôû˵
£ȺʼպƵзѣΪʲôҪôĲرͼǡ
ͬʱһɽϣһͻʵĸͬ˵ﻰ
ͻʺʹʼմս״̬ЩȻս佫ǱϾˡΣ˶ûκεɽеĴɾرͼǡ
ǺǣԤȡ֮֮򿪱أôõҪĶˣ
ιʦ˫֣վڸ߸ߵɽϣһ紵ιʦԣһ˳ᢣӳⷽٵζ
벶ȸںֻȸ
˵µһ湦֪б֮κ˶Ҫǿҡ
ҿʦеĴɾк飡
ιʦĿӹǰܿƽ

յιʦĲرͼоӵŲرͼƴĴɹرͼֻһˡ
ļһŲرͼڣ壬˶û뵽ɹȻ֮
ֻһŲرͼˣ벻ĿҪɹˣ
ŵϣھҫŲرͼͼ
ǧ䣬֪ͼ򿪴ɾıأûһ˳ɹȥȴһżٵĲرͼƽ׶
ڣһжעҪսˡ
ȻŲرͼȴȻûʲôôûһţһжעǰ׷ѹ򣡡
ʱ˿̣ͻȻ̲סڵ
䣬ΧʱһƬţ嶼Ĭࡣ
ȻŲرͼǶһŵ䣬˸֪ղĲرͼֻܿջϲһ
ٺٺ٣ʵһŲرͼǺܶ˶֪䣬ֻǲԸ˵ˡȻˣҾ˵
ͻȻ֮䣬һŤͷƳ˼һۣʱЦ
гɾ뢣ÿжһŲرͼν²ǴɾĲر֮أڣ˵Ĳرͼˣٿﻹһûг֣һŲرͼ
ˣԪһ
Ļüͷһ˼
Ӵ󣬲ͬʱûкֵģֻʣһˣ
Χļֻⷬɫһƺϵ˵ʲô
ӹȻϻۣеĵһһǧǲΪֻ׷ɱаʦͽɣ
һսλа뢶ĳƺԱ֮ǰҪöࡣ
ҲֻǵĲ²⣬ҡ²ôöԸ
Щɵ
ԪһĳǼ涼ûаտԶԸԪһ
ο˺ųµһˣǳӴԪһлͤλÿһ֮
ǱҪҲԸǡ
ؼǣڴޱزû̫ȤԸ⽻Ҳû̫õİ취
ļüͷҲڵ
һһԪһҲˡԵȴֻǾһˡ
ģԪһύġ
ͻȻһЦ

ѾۼŲرͼˣ
ʱ˿̣˵ʱݵϣ˳ϻиȫۼһ
˻ôҵŲرͼ˶û뵽ġŲرͼԭҲͰˣƫƫصĶͻιʦ͹ȥģʵʼϲ
ɶιʦڸʲô£аһֻһŲرͼˡ
˾Ԫ뷢ţŭɶ
ߣۼٿҲûáԪףȥ׼뿪
ԪһһͻȻڵ

˵ʱͻȻһֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һ˵ɫҴңææ˵λö
˵

̽ӵĻΧһƬȻ˾Ԫ׺ŷˣ׷üͷ
˺һֱˮݣ˵ʱ²ʲô¡
һɲǣ˷׷Ԫһ

Ԫһɫһ˿е뷨

ȻԪһ䣬˲ϢһЦ
ɫҴңѶǼȥİ
ʱ·ǧ֮⣬һֻ̣һϢ·籩㣬ųˣ۵糸Զ
һ̶ʱڣɲϢＱٶ
Ǻ󷽣˵˵ӺɢߣԶԶȥѹѹһƬǧˡ
һĻԪһɽϵлͤ˲ɫ
ԶԽԽֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Щ˾͵ִɽͽ¡
߲ƣ߲һȥɣ
һֱûô˵лͤͻȻɽ£ڵ
Ԫһû˵ֻ΢΢˵ͷȻлͤǰȥ
ԽԽʮɵĵطͣ
ߣԪһлͤΪף˾ԪסŷڳϽ档
һ࣬Ϊף͹ħһһң顣ļͼ档
аˡ˴峤ˣվ󷽡
濴ƶһŲرͼԪһϡ
վ󷽣ǰԪһ棬ЦЦ
벻֮ǰԪһ滹һֶԸԼϣͶԡ֮ƣ仯֮죬˶û뵽ġ
鲻ɴ⣬ɽУթΪѰֶܺԸԪһܹͬԪһԸǣǣκʱ򶼲ܵġ
а˱˫֣
ͽס׷ɱˣܹôɹʹǷĿֶΪ
嵭Ц
ȻˣǻðˡǿԪһлͤɫѿӣҲо񫡣
аûпڣ̧ͷǰһ˵ĵӰγΧһߵӡ
棬ʲô
Ԫһûзһԣ˾Ԫ̲סŭȳ
С䣿ûп˵ֵõһūԱ߲죡
һЦһԵ˾Ԫףев


1433 Ϊһ
㣡
仰˾ԪײȻŭ
ѵڱǰ֣
Ц
˾ԪȻеλߣս侪ˣɾȣЩࡣ
Ԫһôģܲס𣡡
һ仰ȴŤͷһԵԪһ
Ԫף£
ʱһԪһǰ˱̼ŭɶ˾Ԫס
֮Ҳǵһνˣѵ㻹𣿡
ԪһɫϿ˿顣
ٺ٣书湦۵浱ȻĶ֡ٸǿܴùôǿѲܺ࿹⣿
һ˵ţһ߻عͷ˸ơ
ѴɾĲرͼ
ѾԼĲرͼˣѵ˻˽ɣ
˭ҲɾĲرͼ˭ǺΪУ

ĻɲǼ䣬ɽХ˷׷״
Ǿ춯أźԪһлͤԼ˳ϡӷ׷ױɫԸǿӲųЭ˳˾ԪףҲ¶صɫ
һˣΪ壬ڹսУ˾ʹûռʲôˡ
ټǧƵߣͼ뢣ʾͽȻͬ
˾ǿҲܶԿôаߡ
㲻Ҫ˵˵дɾĲرͼǾСΪɾĲرͼһ𣿡
Ԫһһ˳ɫ̲࣬ס߳ǳ
棬㲻Ҫſڴƻƣ˵ʲôɾĲرͼʲô֤𣡡
һ˳Ҳ̲ס߳
ʲôʱ˽֤ˣ˸ţǴòһŲرͼǾҪ˽̲رͼӴң˶òµһĴɹ
һЦͲ˵ۣĿһתѸǰԪһ
ԪһҿɶأòҪƴһְɣ

ң
ˣһȻŭЩ쵰ǽѣ˽
ۿȺ鼤ܣߣһͻ⡣ʱ򡪡
ס֣
һŭ˶߻졣
Ԫһվǰ䶢ǰ桢桢ħ棬к󷽵ļ桢ļԼаķб仯Ī⣬һɲ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ƴˣ
Щ쵰ֱ̫
ʿɱ裬ֵǣƴˣ

󷽣һ˵ŭɶУԪһӵϵĵλÿһ˶ޱȣȻвԪһ˶޷ܵġ
ȥɣ
ʱһ𡣾˴㵵ĿУԪһ۾һŴɾĲرͼзɳ档

һŲرͼзɳ˵ĵӶʱһƬšһԵлͤ·֪û˿ı仯
ʶʱΪܣԪһŶҶԼĲرͼѵ˻ܲŲɣ
ЦԪһгԱôأڰһǡ
ӣرͼ鼯룬Ӧÿҳɾصλˣ
һףոõֵĲرͼֱ׸˺󷽵塣
ϣ
΢΢һЦһ׹ŲرͼС
˽ģĵˡ仰һ㶼û
Ԫһô꣬Ȼʮ˽⣬ԪһвһŲرͼ
ͽддУƾһ˵¶ʱڣԾۼرͼ
صˣ벻ǣһ֪
Ҳɴ࣬һŲرͼз˳
ݣһչ˵ĿУһرͼ·ƽڵϣǵڶţšֻգۼ䣬Ųرͼ֮ǰźõ˳һŷȥ
һɲؼž˷ס˺ɫȫеߺеĲرͼϡ
ԶĵطһɽĶͻιʦ˹
ھͿһˡ
һɲǣιʦĿⶼȻرͼǵܴܲ򿪴ɹһжδ֪֮
ңԶĵطһ˫ѩĿͬʱעһУ廹Ԫһ򣬶ûӹǵ˫Ŀ
һɲǣʳصģҲΪеĽ㡣
ˣ
ڣһŲرͼӿ£ĹЮ£һȱλȥ
һŲرͼȥرͼڱ
һ߳߿Ĵرͼ
彫еľϷһ̣һ£ҫ·ĲرͼϡŲرͼʱȫһ˿Ͱɫǵ㡣
ģģرͼģ
쿴رͼϳͼΣҪҵޱصصصˣ
رͼһ˿ɵȫµͼ˶˷ޱȣ涼޷򶨡̰ϲãտ񡭡ָ鲻һ㣬ѸٴһӶ涼˵ˡ
ĳˡ벻µһ湦Ҫгˣ
ͷǰĲرͼ겻ѡ
ſ湦翣ǰѹûгֹһֱĩ٣û֪ֱܶӾΪŹѾʧ
ȻԼĽ룬һȫıˡ
ϲҵµһ湦Ӵص֮գһ㣡
ʱ֮ʯͻȻԺ
ͻȻΪ⣬֮ǰʱû֮ʯκʾ
ѵ֧񣿡
循ɵ֧нô࣬Ѱµһ湦ΪʲôҪ֮ǣһ
ЩԻء
⿴żȻ֮УƺĳԼ֪ܡ
Ȼ룬Ųرͼȫռȫµı仯ˡ
ʱ䣬˿֮һɫǵ㹹ɵǿͼͻȻڲرͼϷӳսС
쿴
ͻȻһָǿͼһ˶ǳ
ǳָʾĵطһǴɾĲر֮أ
˭֮
һɲǣ˷׷׽
жϳһ£֮ͨһ¡˴󲿷ѧжȥ֮
ƫԼǧ˰ٲľ룡
ʱһͻȻȻ书ǺܸߣԪһЩɰòһ㣬γ֮ڳû˱ȵͼˡ
ߣ
ͼ䣬һƿ
Ⱥ󷽣һɽƿնＲ۶ȥ


1434 ޱأһ
˴ͷҲ׷׳ԶӶȥ
ߣ˭ҸޱߣΪУ
һһ˦͵س˳ȥ͹ħҲŷݶ
Ƭд߳ͼָķݶȥΨһȡ
ԣ
ʱ˿ֻ̣廹һɫ侲ޱȡĿǵƺڱ仯š
˻
ֻʱ䣬а˵ĿУǹͻȻʧɫ̣ѱ仯Ȼһе׭֡
ʲô
ͻȻı˵ע⣬ļͼѾԾʮɣоĶͣ˽ŲӶء
ʲô֣˭ʶ֣
ΧһƬˣЩرͼּһ̺ӴҪϢֻּϣڳûʶ
ֻĿ΢΢һ£ƺϳʲô
Щ׭ȷʵϵһЩ
ô˿ţʲôû˵
еŤ仯ţԼ֮ȫʧˡ
ߣ
ʱһӶߴаͻȻ֣һ˦ϵرͼУͬʱһץסļ򣬴Լͼ˳
˴峤һ˸ͬȥ

ֻգ۵ʱ䣬ǧƵ糱ˮһ㳯ӵȥ
ɹĲرͼȻıѼȫˣ߻
һŲ˸лͤ趯Ӻ󷽻ǰɫƽϿκεı顣
λɾǧǰµıزҲãҲãÿҲã򲻿ҲáƺԶҲ޷˶лͤġԪһߣлͤõ֣κʱԪһǿİ֡
ɽХɽҰ߳ԶȥʱƬҲֻ˵ĵһˡ
˶ڵȴԪһ
ߣΪʲôҪߣѵôɾıؿǻһŲرͼΪʲôȥ
ԪһĿйâһͻȻڵ
£еȫ
ԪһǰһĿϬԥ
飡
Ԫһһ̤̳ը漴˳лͤҲܿݶλĴ£˵ĵҲ׷糱ˮ㳯ȥ

Űʱ֮ڲرͼǳָλã飬ãã纣߾ۼڴˣȫѰ
Ѱµһɹϣÿ߶˼顣
ҵˣ
ͻȻһϲĴһվһ͹ʯͷԣѸ֡طҲϢ
Ǭ빬ȥϷ򿴿
Ⱥ룬һָͨЭѰƬ
治Ҫǳˣ
һԵаˣ壬˴峤ͼ˲
վλԶԶȥƬһƽֻһЩϱĪɳĮɳһЩͰʯƬʹɾıкιϵ
ʼΪҪԼʵȴĽȻ෴
ǧƵ߲ϳ̺ʽϸںһЩѰĵطѸٱһЩµĶ˳
ôߣлһЩʿȻ裬˺ͼ൱Ĳ࣬Щһ֣Чͼ˶޷⡣
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬˾ͷƬĵص¾ȻһӴԲ󷨣ľʯɣֱﵽ˼ʮ֮㣬ȵõ˲رͼʾôͨһѰңֲˡ
дˣӦһ֮ǰĴ󣬻ҪӴʮĹŴ󷨡ΪΧ̫Ǹ޷ȫòھ
ǴɾҲ̫ܽӴĹ̡൱ĿܣõƬɽΣص׵򡣡
ֻҪоֲ޸ģӴĴӦþ֮е󣡡
ڻû취ĹԼйɡ
ǰĳͼͻȻڵ
󣿡
ͼ˵ĻдΪ졣
ţνȻɣȡľ˼ϹŵĲ֮ѾʧѾû֪ôˡ
ͼ˿ΧһЩʯ̾ΪֹɾµĶӴԽ࣬оԽĳ羴;η
ϧˣôǿʧ
Ǻǣǰİɣܹ򿪣һ취Ǿ
Цͼе뷨᲻֪ȤΨһģֻдɾǱʧġ顷ѡ
٣СӣϷͲˡ
ĻͼһӾ˾һָָǰķ
û⣬ۣӦþ
һԣһ߷ɱȥͼ˵Ĵȥ
λаͬеʦ˻൱𾴡ܿ죬д߰ͼָĵطѸھ
ж
ֻƬ̣رʿھ˼ˣڵϵľ޴ʯЩʯһЩ·һЩԱʶ֡ʯѾƣһķ˼ǧꡣ
ûô򵥣ɾȻ˲رͼ˴ͬʱϹ󣬲ûƵİţд򲻿ıأֻʱûҵ򿪱صȷѡ
ͼһ˵ţһ߱۾ͬʱָѸټ

˵ЩһĿҵ𣿡
ͼ˿ʼʱһĿ⻺ջأԶͰϣԪһлͤͷ˾ԪԼڶ೤ϡ
ŷ׷Ƭھޱصʱֻ˵˿
ȻһƬȻ죬ǵĿǰΪֹκοԴ򿪴ޱصļ
ż䡣
ԪһԶǵӰɫƽ
Ԫһָ֪ŸͬЭֻһƬ󣬲ҵأҲأܿͻһҵĴսһǸʱ򣬾ֵʱ
Ϳֵܼʲôʱ򣡡
Ԫһһâָܿƽ

Ϸƶһʯ
ֻƬ̣ͼ˺ܿ˵һ
¡¡ͼ˵ƶϷһʯһ̣غ𶯵ĿУ򣬵ƿһʯʻŲȻӵص
Ϸƶڶʯеĵӣ
ͼٴε
¡¡𶯵Խңһطԭƽ̹ĵһʯ
򣬵߸ʯ
Ϸ򣬵ĸʯ

ͼ˵е߶ŴؾҵĶһһھʯĳֹɣϵƶ
˵ĿУһӦϷֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һȦ޴ʯ˵СǵڶȦȦ
Űʱ¶Σͼ˵ʱ䣬ģĸڵϵľ޴ʯͻȻ֮˹һȻ
ܿ죬غ󷨵ģĸֱָյʯ£һȻţͻȻ˳


1435 ޱأ
쿴
̳Ȼһ̳
УĸʯͻȻֵһϼ̳Ⱥ׷׼
̳ǳĹϣ̳ϿһЩƹޣѾð߲ˡ
ͻȻֵļ̳˵ע⡣
ȥ
Ϸ򣬹ħĿһԾͻȻֵؼ̳ȥ桢棬м桢ļԼߣ׷罭һ㣬ĵ󷨶ȥ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬̳Χ飬Χߡ
Уа˲Уִġ
ڼ̳룬ĸʯм䣬һͭԲаϼ̳ʱһɲǼ䣬˵Ŀ׷˹ȥ
аۣӣھ͵ˡ
ʦͽոյϼ̳оʹģ綾һ㡣
ӣŲرͼȫϣ򿪵ıصķҲһϡ
һԣҲڵ
ԶԪһлͥͬ塣
սЩܣҲЩ΢ļҲ壬һͷ̳Χǧ߶壬ͬһﲻ
塭
󷽣ͼ΢΢һ䣬Щš
ŲرͼУޱص׼ȷλѾҵ֮ͨĬ˫ѲǱ˴֮䣬ùĶǣΧЩɢߣҲ仯֮ǰȻͬ
Դɹµһ˵ջ˭ֵܵ
ߣҵҪ˭Ϸǰ֣
ʱһϰа˵ΧɫһϡԪһлͥü
ôһɲǣΧһƬš
а۵ڣɽеȻӵм塣
ߣаۣô˿šʦͽòˣʲôҪ̰ɣ
Ц
λаҪһ˶̴ɹ˵Ǵ𲻴Ӧ
Ӧ
˷˷׷Ӧ
λ侲һ£ޱػûд򿪣ڻڧʱ򣡡
һӶߴʱ򣬼ͻȻڷˡ
һ˵ţһתͷа۶ˡ
λò״Ųرͼֻһˣȴ򿪴ޱأʱٸƾ£аۣ㿴Σ
аû˵Ǻ廥ཻһɫ
Ǻǣλˣ鷳λһã򿪾ǡ
΢΢һЦǰ
ȻڴѾĲͣٱ˴ڱϣŶƵı
˵ĿУ建˼̳ģһͭԲӵص͹
ͭԲԼһ׶ߣˮ·෱ĻƣһЩ֮׭ӹϵ֡
ͭԲ棬ûĻҲû֪ôͭԲ򿪴ɾıء
ѾˣǸ֪ؼԴɾܲκεӣ֮ǰĴ򿪵ģıҲˣҪ򿪴Ҳֻˡ
ʱ򣬲ԶļҲڷˡ
һ仰˵ע׷ϡ
Χĵģû˵ֻǲͣش󷨺ĵͭԲȻȴûڱ淢ԵĻء屾ΪеĹؼĿûоСİۡ
ţ
ͻȻ֮䣬ĿӹͭԲһǳǳġơһԺһͷ
һǳǳƣ忪ʼʱûע⣬һ̣һϤӿ
ӻȡͷɫС޵
С޵һʱˣǺ;鲻ͬһֱɫʲôãʦа˺˴峤ԹҳС޵Ķ֮
Ľǣֻһͨͨĵ
꣬岻ոսɫС޵ȥһһǿͭԲڱŷεסС޵
ֹˣǳɫŽС޵˽ȥ
꣬˵ĿУһĻϵķֻգۼ䣬¡ͭûصףʧ
һһ鷽͵ͭʯӵصһκ֮ǰͬͭӱһԵİۡ
ӣѲرͼȥ
һӺ󷽴һβѣҲóܿرͼѸٷ˷ͭʯС

ûϸ鿴һɫĻͻȻʯ¶ȥرͼɻҽ

ô
˷һ󾪺˭Ҳû뵽彫رͼȥ֮Ȼĺ
һرͼȫȼûʲôɹرͼˡ
Ȼһ̣˻еʱ򣬺ܿ˷ܺڴѾõ鷢ˡ
³ɫ֮󣬷͵ͭѸȥֹˣһĻӵص״
˵ľУոմӵصļ̳ͻȻص䡣һһĺӵص״վĵطΪģ˷Ŷȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ܼĻϵȺ󾪺϶Գ˻ҵɫ
δ֪ʹ˿־Ķû֪ǰһĻ仯״ʲô
쿴
ͻȻȺ֮䣬һָǰ
ʶŤͷһǸ˹ȥ
һ̣ԶֵĶһϲ¶𺳵ɫϾһһ
ƽߴ˵ĿУһߴףΡ׳ľ޴ɽͣͻȻ˵ĿС
˲ǣ˷Ѳ֮ǰûɽһϦ֮ͻȻð˳
Ȼ˾Ļƾճֵľ޴ɽͣȻ֮ǰ˿Ĵɽһģһ
ٵģһǼٵģ
Ѿֹһˣѵ˵ﻹһ󡣡
Ҳţһǻ󣡡

֮ǰĴôˣ˻£ͻȻֿ֮һһģһĴɽ˸ܵĳ֪
һЩ֮ǰߣֱ¶ؿ־壬ʱﻹа˷ܡ
⵽ô£ôֳһɽ
ʱ˿̣ҲͬڴͻȻֵĴɽ
ӦĴɽ
ԪһԶɫƽȫе뷨
ǬתɾѾĵز벻֮꣬Ȼܼ֮߾磡
ʱ˿̣Īͼˡǰһжڲ֮˶ԣȫô¡
Ƕͼʦ˵ǰÿһĻ̺żӴϢ
һӴıɽֻͨܿɽ⣬ͼǿߣȴɽ֮µӴɽ塣ǼֱͬһĻ貵̻ʢᡣ


1436 ƣ
Ĵɽ𣿡
ͬޱȡ
ɽĲرͼѾкܳʱˣǴ˵еĴɹ˵ǿɼ羵лˮ°Ĵڡ
ҲûĿԵõµһ湦ڣһĸǰˣʵޱȡ
ߣ
ʱһӰʦа˵ڶ
ɾıѾ֣һΣʦҲһҪҵɹΪκ߻ħ
аһΣƿնһֻһ㣬Զȥ
Զļ滹йħһɽͳֵĵطȥ
ߣ
ץסͼ˵ֱۣͬȥ
޴ĴɽڵԵΡȻ׳糱ˮ㳯ӿȥֻһκϴβͬɽʮ˾ͷ˽ŲһԵС
ģһɣ
ǧƵ߶ʱھȻûһ˸ҿǱߣҲŻ˽ŲǶԪһɾ˵ҲΣޱȡ
𼱣ȥ
ϷվĿɨǰɢߣ΢΢һЦĿޱȡ
ǵִߣȫǱµһˣʹɹͷ̰֮
ɽҲһֲġ
ž
мɵСĵʱ򣬹Ȼ˰಻סһʮͻȻһˡɽϡ
ˣһɲǣʱ䶼·ֹˣ˷˵Ŀ׷׼еߣԼڴɽϵϡ
ɱɫţ඼Ҫ©ˡ
Ȼһ̣ĵģʲôûзûΣû塣
ҪǣߵưϡɽдȥĻûз
ߵƱһؼӲʯסˡ
ģĴɽǻҵˣ
û߿ڣΧѹѹȺУһ̲ס˷ܵĴţ˶Ż
ǻɽХء
ˣĴɽ׳һŲرͼĴޱҪˣ
ԶͻιʦԣվһͰϷ˻ʱλͻʵҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
벶ȸںֻ׳һŲرͼЩԭ˾Ѿһж׵ˡ
ǵĸ𣿡
ιʦͷҲص
ص£ʨӵͺɽĸ֣ѾȫаյʱͿԸϵ
޵ĶͻŮݿ͵ͷ
ܺã˵γ˴ɾıأǻܵõһЩջ񡣡
ιʦԶѹѹԭߣЦţͫȴӹһĨķâ

ôãǸվǱڳˣ
ԶĻʱһصĵطһȺ˷·һ㣬Ȼ
վǰģһ¹ߣޱȣڴУйһ֮Եĺˡ
ӰͦޱȣϵϢ絶һ㡣ͷĶǵݡ
ǲ֮ǰԼԪһлͤս¶ˡ
һȫ㼯һ
ԶֵĳͬЦ
ˣε񣬿Ժϲˣ
󷽣Ϊ׵ĺ¶ԣ˫ͻȻڵ
ǣȻϲһɱ˶ѡǵеôҲνˡ
ǰ¹ߺˣ΢΢ף
ˣǿǻһҪɱأ
һɲǣдһЦͻȻɱޱȡ

ˣô죿
ͬʱһصĵطӰվһϸȥͻ֣ᷢЩ¶Ϣʹп󷨣Ը˴ߵĺһģһ
ɾĴˣġԿסҲߣı֮ضǴˡȥɾĶΣˣ
ڵǷǳ
ȻңԶеı仯˿̳ٻĴɽһжǵС
˶һǵԱ
Χĵģòһ
ɾΥҲԶûеĵز
ʱǰǵӰ˵ˡ
һɫۡڡ컹мĵطһ˿͸һζ
˵ģؿϵһ޼ͼ
޼
Ӱϵͼɽ紫˵Ĵɾı־һģһ
̫޼ԪɹĴ˵ɽдÿ˶֪µһ湦ǾԶʱ֮ǰɾġ
Ϊ˳Ϊµһˣǰͺ̣ƴȫȴ׷Ѱ湦·ϡ
ȴ֪½֪ĴɹɾһĬĬػЩء
ô꣬ɹıͼټ٣ʼûܹõ
ûܹرͼ⣬൱һֵԭ򣬾ΪЩɾڰֹ
ֻǴޱصԭ򣬶Щ˵ǻػһҪܣΣκ˴򿪴ɾıء
׼һ£ش֮ж˽룬ǻų⣬ʱ۲ǲˣֵôȫڱָӣʱһҲҪɱǣ
ǣ

طķӦߣƴᾡΡȻʵĴɽʱı仯ں档
¡¡ضҡ˽µĴضҵĲһεĶ֮κʱҪǿҵöࡣ
ô£ѵлأСģ

֪µĶΧһ֣һ㣬׷ȥ
һҧʮ¾ر漰ɾıأٶ壬˶⡣һ̣ɽı仯˶ʼϲ
ˣ
һҵĲʯ׷״ɽĻ
һ̣꣬һ޴ѷ죬ֱޱȣӴɽɽһֱ쵽ɽţҽɽһֶ
ѷԽԽ졣𾪵ĿУɽ·һصһ㡣
ʮףʮףʮףһסֳĴɽ˴֮ľԽԽҲԽԽԶϵʯͻҳɽ
⣬⵽ô£
һĻ˶סˣа˶üͷ
ɽ׸ߣᾶͣҪΰĴɽһΪģǰһĻѾԽ룬ֱΪ񼣡
ʵǵ͵֣֮ϣǬ£ֱǱ֮֡ޱصھڵ¡
һϤӶߴĶСͼ˲ͣź룬Ŀ⿴ǰϲԽ
ƺӦͼ˵䣬ֳĴɽм䣬û˿ףƬƬĵͻȻݡ
˵ĿУݵĵ£һֱ߰׵ľ޴ӶͻȻ˵С


1437 ͨ
Ӷڣģס¶ĶڣҲǹ⻬羵
˵ĸ֪УͻȻֵĵص׿Ӷһ޾Ԩһ䡢ءΣգͬʱֲ
ƾճֵľ޴ӶǰΧѹѹߣÿһͬϰС
žޱȵļž
һɲǣʱ䶼·ֹ˷Ŀ⣬׷׼еͻȻֵľ޴ӶС
Ȼûκε֤ݣһɲǣÿԺмܵĸֳһͷ
ǰ޴ĿӶһǴɾصڡ
ֻ֮ǰ˵˷ܲͬ򿪣ûκ˵˷˲侲
쿴
ʱͻȻһվǰߣһָָǰ
ɲǼ䣬˷׷˳ָ˹ȥھǸصľ޴ӶԶĵطһ߳߸ߵʯšʯϣдż֣ÿһֶľ֡
ֻ֮ǰ˶Ǿ޴ıעеǾ޴ĿӶУԲһֱûз֡
ɹţԵ֮
ԶĿһϳʯʮ֡
ɹǴɹɾµıһǿȥ
ͻȻһ˷ޱȵĴ
ʱ仰˿ͳȥˡȻһ䣬Χĵģ˷ܴеߣվһ
㿴ңҿ㣬ռΣ΢
ÿ˶ڵȴŶԷ֣ǰԼ̽ʵ
֮䣬թܳˣһ֮ûв֮ǰ˭óóȻȥ
ߣ
ۼ˲һȺУͻȻ¶һ˿Цһ̣û˿ףһӣǰɢߣ׼˳ȥͻȻ߸߷䵽˿Ӷڡ
ɢ߸ոճڿӶϷɲǼ䣬·һεץסһ㣬͵سſӶڱֱ׹ȥ

ֻһĲҽֻһգۣǼɽеߣǰû뵽Ǿ޴ĿӶУʧ

һɲǣΧΧЫ׷ȥ
ˣ޵׺ڶķɫ԰ף亹乡
ӶйŹ֣
Ǿ޴ĿӶмɵѡ
Ȼ׺ݲбаˣ־ٶ˿⡣
ǰ⴦޴ĿӶǼ׹һɲʹǵԸٶ׹ȥ
ণ
ʱһմһֻչ˫ᣬȺɽȥȻһֻ̣ɵӶϷʱͻ𡣵ʯ䣬ֻһֻ˲䱻һǿҵס͵ſӶ׹ȥʧ

һĻ˲ɫ
ͼˣҲ̲סƤ˼¡
Ϊﵽּ𣬼ܹʩչ
˵ǿҲһڿɰ裬ǾֻڿӶϷʱ򣬶˲ȥ˵ǡ
Ҫޱصڲûôס
һԣ˴峤ͻȻڵ
˴û˸СƴɾµĶ
ȻûпڲѾԤеӶ£ضء
֮ǰϸֵЩ֣㻹ǵ𣿡
ʱаͻȻˡ
ǵã
ѹ֪ʦʲô
֮ǰŲرͼռȫʱ˵עȫǿͼԼɾĲر֮ûжע⵽ֵǼ׭֡
ֻ֪Ǽ׭֣ԶҪҪöࡣ
ٷǼ٣ãǧظ飡
棬ԨضжƵǧظи
Ӧþʫ˵ǴԨˡ
ڴޱأʵ⼸仰Χ˶ӣ˵
аû˵ֻǵ˵ͷ˼
ɾԵ޹ʵĻ⼸ʫȻ⡣
޴ĿӶΧȺˣ۷׷ף˭ҲóȻȥ
˻ڳɵʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬ͻȻ´ǣû˷Ӧһź·һ㣬Ѹӹؿռ䣬һ˸û뵽˿Ӷ֮УſӶıԵѸٵʧ
һĻͻԤϡ
ļ
Ŀһ˳ܰģҲֻһļˡ
ٺٺ٣Ҫ̴ɹûôף
ͬһʱ䣬ԶһЦѸٳ֡
𣡡
ʯ䣬ֻһֻ̹˲Ϣͻһͷ޴ĺ˵Ұ֮Сಣû˷ӦѾԶĿӶȥ
ѵʯӿӶ£滯ĺſӶ⻬ڱڣֱ£Ѹʧ˵Ұ֮С
ɾµĶÿһأ˵ֻļּɾ˵ΣգҲסȥµһ湦

ļͷɲǼ˶ĲҰġ
ֵǣ尡
ɾıѾ򿪣Ҫļˣҿϣ
ֺµһһҵģ
쵰ˣ

һɲǣԭ飬һ˲Ϣͺ˻һ׷糱ˮһ㳯Ǿ޴ģ֪Ӷȥ뻢ѨɵûӣܿӶʲôΣգֵסɹǵջ
ļ涼ȥˣ˻ʲôµġ
ɲǼ䣬˵ĿУȿֺ糱ˮһ㣬ӿ޴ӶıԵһչֽͨŲãƾһĹſӶص׶ȥ
ߣ
ͬһʱ䣬һ򣬼ͻȻһɲǼһɹˮ˷㼯գۼͻ۳һž޴ˮӿá
ݣһӣɲǼЩˮڡסߵļ֣һգۣſӶ׹ȥ
ڵִӶԵʱͻȻ֮һԽĺণŰסֵˮͻȻ仯һͷһչ߰ɵɺףſӶԵ滬ȥ
ãˮ׵ļ
壡ˣ
һĻԽ˷ܺͼˣֻգۼ䣬ǧƵŹ⻬ĿӶڱһ·£Ÿȥ
ߣɹǲ
ͬһʱ䣬ֻһɲǼ䣬˵֮Уһͷ޴İɫħεضͷ޴Ĺħʮ֮ߣɭɭģȫɹͷɣһŨҵϢ
һ̣ͷ޴İɫħֽŲãԾ˵ٶѸŴޱصȥһ·ϣеǰߣ׷Ҷһ㣬ħգɨһߡ
ŴޱĹУħһɨһԵͬ˸ַ׷ױ׵˱ϡЩ֮󣬹ħѸſӶڱ£е˸֣ʧ档


1438 Σգ
ˣҲóˣ
ͬʱһԪһйâһѸջĿ⣬ǰ
ͣ
û˿ףһӴϢԪһ£һ̣һ޴ֱۣͻȻƵضǸ޴һ㣬ѸסԪһлͤ壬һ·ǰĿӶӶȥ
ֻգۼ䣬ſӶڻ£һ̣ʧ
һ㣬ɴɵɫƵضѸٽ֯һɫͨŶӶȥ
ҿߣ
һ̣е˸ַ׷׳˳ȥһ·µŶ£ٶֿȡ
ԪһµЩһȺ˵ĸֱκ˵ٶȶҪöࡣ
죡һȥ
һĻһȣԥĸ˵ץЩְĴִ٣¶ȥ
ԪһµЩִ٣ÿһ˹⻬ĶڣЩɫİֱƽء
ϣ죡
һĻԽԽ߸Ч¡
Ȼڽһ·˶ʮ֮벻鷢ˣû˿ףһȺץеɫͻȻ֮ɢ̣ΪС
Щ󣬽ߣһ벻ʱ׹ȥ

һĲҽԽԽԶѸٵʧںĿӶڣþòӶϣһվڱԵߣһĻʱ֣׷ţȥ
Ӷڣһ˸ʧ
ޱصѾ򿪣һжѾ޷ֹЩԪһ׹ԨߣҲֻھ޴ĺнһƲ۵Сˮѡ
ԽԽߣ飬ϰ㣬ӵųӶ׶˶ȥ
Ӷڱڣ⻬ͣԶôý˲ҽŵȥһж޷ֹӴߡ
׼һ£Ҳȥɡ
ʱа˴ԶջĿ⣬ŤͷһԵ˴峤
š
ĵ˵ͷʧصĴ컯ȻѾ˴ޱصڣΣҪȥ
СӣɾıҾͲȥˣʵ΢ȥҲǵ׸ˡ
ʱͼͻȻ˵ˣ
СӣҸ˵£ɾıлһ飬ʹɹŷһΣһҪõǵĺϢ
ͼ˿壬Ŀϣ
Ǳ飬˴ʧĹŴ󷨣ÿ󷨶ǿޱȣڴ˵Ȿºôͼ˵ȴеµһ湦
ţΣһᾡȫҵǱģ
֣ص
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬塢а˺˴峤˿ӶԱߡ

Ӹ£ſӶȥ
ԶվڿӶԵӸ￴ĸоȻͬվڱԵȥֻɭɭģڰޱȣ˵ĸоһ޵׶ŽԼľɢȥľȻȫ̽鲻ĵײ
ȥɣ
ʱа˿˵ˣŤͷһԵ˴峤߻⣬˲׳еİɫȡ

ֻһ˴峤еİɫʧȡ֮һʮ׳İ
žѧ˴еİ񹦡˴峤ҲŹʩչľѧ۵˹ϣһ
ѣѸٴӿӶԵ£ͣ˾ӶԵʮ׵ĵطĬĬȴš

аһȴӿӶԵԾ£䵽˰ͷܿ죬˴峤һչҲѸٴӿӶԵ£аһһңͬ˰ͷ
ΣһҪõɹ
ı۾һȻѸ䵽β
ͼ˺ߵĿУצ붯ѣѸٴ塢аˡ˴峤¶ȥֻ˲Ϣ䣬ͽ˦
֣Ӷֱһڶ
ƺƣվβϸΧһУϷʱ򻹲ãӶڣоģͺһεԼڵʹһֿƲסȫϿ籡о
ָоǰδУ£һĹʩչʵˣ˵Ĵ֪
ѣһ·Ѹ·ȥβ࿴ȥĿŶ͹⻬Ķڣͷ½ϣŵ׶ȥ
ڹ⻬ýЩ߽Լڵе˫ֺ˫ţʹεڶϡ

ͻȻһĲҽֻʮ׵ľ룬ͽߴӶ䣬ʧ׹·޵׵ĿӶ
ȻһиֹЩߣȥ飬ǧƵ߸Ӱ죬ӿȥ
ʱ仺ȥ
ףһǧסӶף飬ڳŵȥ˿ûͣЪļ
棬ֻģ߰˰׵ֱҲѿ
Խ£ԽԽԿ·ʱֶֻֻˡ
а
Сģ
˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬ʦа˵С
忪ʼûӦһ̣ҲϢʱ䣬һϣͺؿѹһʯʱԶû֮ǰô泩
ϡˣ׼
ʦа˵ǰ
һݣʱӦͨԽԽϡû㹻ĿǵָѵصߣҲʼúѡ
⴦ͨԶеĻҪѡ
Щ߿ʼȴˣ
ʱ˴峤ͻȻ˵ޱȡ
ԣʶȥ
ֻϣԭǧƵ߳ŵص׿ȥڣͣ۾·¶ԥɫʼʱûãڣЩȻѾоˣȡޱصĵһ谭Ѿ֡
谭ĻҰĵǿߣǿӶѸٱϡĿ
һ޷Խϣ
һӶڵĿϡһ̶ȣЩҲһҪ
ô
ʮĵطһ֩ſڶڣо𽥼ǿϢУתܵӰ죬̲סݺһȭڶϡ
ҪɹĵЩǿߣϵõһϡĿͳһ޷ԽǵκεĶֶԽܡ
ȥģˣˣ
Ӷ̫ˣһǧס֪ͷ
һҲľ
Ϊ߰˰ףڣѾһǧףȻûеͷ


1439 ޵׿Ӷ
µһ˹ȻãҲҪУУˣ
һҧгݣ˽սãתֽŲãһֻڻ㣬Ծ˵ٶȳŶȥ
оõٲͷҪȥװˡ
һתͷʱŵһ㣬߶ʱҲͷʵĳſӶϷȥ֮ǰȿֺγԱȡ
ҪȴҪ
ʱ仺ȥڱջ£󲿷ɳ·һǧףһǧףһǧ˰ףǧס㼸ʱȥӶڳÿ¡
ȻӶͺ޵Ԩһ㣬ûоͷ
һ·ϣԽԽ߼ֲסòͷʼͷϷȥ
һȫϢСҲϸܣоڵϢ
Ϣ֮
ѧʱá
֮޷̫ϡĿΪ³´л̫½ͣڿ½͡
ˣǿϡҲȻж
Ҳ޵ԨĶԲߡ

ǰͷаһֱڵ壬ĺѸ½ޣܾòźһΣ΢΢˵ͷ
ȻᣬȴǳḻӦѾò̫ġ
ˣ
һ̣а΢գѸʩչһ
ĹϢ֮ΪɽĴʦаһˣа֪ĸֻ಻١
ͬһʱ䣬һԵ˴峤ԣͬϵϢ͡
ХдߣԳһ㣬޾ĵ׶ȥ󡱣Σգд߲Ը
붴ӦѾӽǧˣȻ׶ɾµ⴦ӶжңΪʲôҪ⴦Ū˸ӣ
Լһд˷˲Ϣͷ
һһӣ嶼Σյĵطûһط޵׿ӶһһСĸо˹ΧĶϣһСʱܵȥ
Ӷͺھ˹ȵ磬Զ֪յ
ǧףѾǳϡ룬ںܶ˵һȣԨˡһָоֱ߰˰׵ľ޴Ӷԣ»Ǽ΢Сľ롣
ˣǳµһȥġֻ֪жܹײ
ţ̧ͷ
ĽǶȿȥͷϷİޱȡʱĶڣһ֡¡޾ԶϷڣѾֻ֥СȥͷϷ´£дߣԴԴϵ
Ļֱͬͨһĺڰͨһ㡣

˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬һҵĲӵص״ŴʯӺм䣬޴ҲڿУϵҲҵİڶ
΢æסΡ
Ƕڣ
кһѸپ۽·Ķ֮С
ȣһƬڰԴ΢ӦÿʲôȴںڰУȴЩ΢İ׹
СģĶҪ⻬࣬ңµʯҲЩðȥˣ
ڰУʦа˵ͻȻǰޱȡ
ֻǧףûе׶ˣӶڱڱЩˣû뵽ġ
֣׼һ£ȥֱӲУ׼𣿡
а˳ǰһ仰Ƕ˴峤˵ģһ仰ȴ塣
š
ڰУ˴峤˵ͷʹðɫȻΪﲻ˽⣬ڽڣѾûбҪˡ
ͽף
ĵ˵ͷȴû̫ı仯
仯ñԤеĿ죬˵Ҳʩչȭˡ

ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һǴƬʯѣ޾ĿӶ׶˵䡣˵صöѾԳܡ
˷ɢߣѵʽ

Ҳʱֻһ˴峤һգʮ׳ľ޴ɢȥٴλΪһ߳ߵİɫȣͶһ㣬û˴峤С
Ҳʱаһݣ۷ɣڰлһ΢СĻߣȻ˫ε˹⻬ĶϡһӴͨº뵽֮С
һ̣а˾Ȼֱͦƽһ㴹ֱڹ⻬ĶڣֱӳŲ֪жİӶ׶ȥһ࣬˴峤еĹһ㣬ͬŶڣаһǰȥ
塪
ȻʵޣΪ컯ļߣڸãѴﵽ¯ĵز

ڴӰɳȥɲǣѸٴӾгһͬʱΪһۼزһǿų֮ȻֱӽǹӴ˴룬ͬʱ˫һ̽һ˶߰ɵε˶ϡ
ˣʹַʽٽڵĳӦÿԽ׵׹͡
а
һӽ֮Ϳʼ˼˲ٹһ֡Сš屾ЩȷڣԼСȻáˣҲҴ⡣
ӶھһΣյδ֪磬СҲԼǿһ΢ƽѣԼһЩǣȻɵʱ
˭Ҳ֪޴ĿӶڣʲôΣգ
СģӶڵΣտ»Զûпʼ
а˵Ӷ߳δ䣬תֱʧǰ
һȥ
ǧףǧ߰ףǧŰס
ӶԽԽҲԽԽѡطէһǳ⻬һ÷ǳ綹һ㣬׵ȥ
ôͷ
΢΢üͷϸΧڰһЩʯĿɨȥҲܿһЩӰڼ
ﵽȣΧѾڵĵط࣬ˣŵص̽ɲ
ĸܷΧ߰˰֮ࡣ
ЩõЩøÿ˶չͨʲôˣִܵλõģһǸ֡
һ񣬼ǰ󲽶ȥ
ҪڴֱĿӶڱֱߡƽأѶȷǳ֮һ׹ȥ嶼֪滹ʲôΣգԼжĸʴ
ǧףǧףǧף߶ϿȥڵĹâѾˡ
ĿһƬڰ磬޾ΣϢ
ǰȻͷ


1440 ͵Ϯ
⵽ô£ѾǧˣΪʲôûеͷ
ͻȻڰдһĴһ·ôԶϡΣգҲ࣬һЩҲܲסˡ
ںܶ˵һʼ֪Ӷ֮ºܶ˶ῼˡؼĻǸ֪ͷ尾ġ
ߣȥǿ»ûеִɶѾڰ·ˡ
һ󲻸ʵӺڰдЩʵǿߣҲоˣһЩתͷѸϷȥ
ֹսȥ
ҲãٿԽһЩʵǿˣǰ޳ȥ
΢΢һЦһɲЩ״ɾˡ
ɹջ̫ˣû߿Եֿˡ⴦޵׿Ӷô󲿷֪ѶˣҲһЩη

ͻȻһĲҽӺڰдյĵ£ԵüΪ̶Һ֮ǰʱͬ͸һɼȵʹ࣬Ϯһ
ˣ
ɫ΢䣬оһɼȵΣաȻûеӦһ̣ݣڰһ̶Х
Ķ棬ʮΰһſԾ˵ٶȳ
飡
һݣҲ룬һ𣬰Ϊͭǽڰ㣬Χ
飬ֻ˲Ϣ䣬ʮΰȫɳȥ
Ȼһ̣ۣһͷ
ã
һʲôعͷֻʮ׵ĸߴһΰֱĲϷڲֻ̺һɲǣҵıѿ
һ̣¡Ƭʯһʯͬйբ֮ˮ·
ಣ
峯źĳһƣݶ
ͣ
ͬһʱʮΰЮŻԵЩΰһǳģһ룬ΧЩʯ
ӶڵӴ󣬶ֱ˵ǼģԷƵԾͬʱΧĶڽṹȻն
Ϊľֱܴˤȥ
˵ʱʱ죬ֻ˲Ϣ䣬ǰǹѸֿӶ׶˵Ӵͬһʱ䣬±ãһӴεס߰һڡ
Щͬʱһ˦ʮԼΰͬͷµ߰˿޴ʯôסŶ淴ȥ
ȥɣ
ܣһһֻӰէּţ컯ʩչ˼£޴ʯΰ۵糸ٳŶȥ
䣡
ҲϢʱ䣬һıըӶ洫ŴƬʯ׹ܿһĹЦӶ
Сãӹһ٣
棡
һ䣬˲
жκжҪ죬ļŸոȥѾ˿Ӷ֮ڡճ˿ӦѾԼǰǧ׿⣬Ȼ˭뵽Ȼ·۷͵ϮԼ
жϣԼ߰˰һӶڱڡ
ڵر־㲻ʲôǿӶ֮ڣϡ֮󣬷Ѷȡ־ǿߣҲ޷Խ
Ȼǿ׼һ㣬뵽ð͵Ϯ

ȻԺתôԸʱͻȻһС
ķ쵰
ڰУ̶ֻŭѸԶȥ
Ȼʲô
ô𣿡
ͬһʱ䣬ӿһӰѸٳԡʦаˣɫأ֪ʲôʱ۷ԡ
û£
һůҡҡͷ
Ѿʼˡ
֮ǰղزرͼʱͨЭռرͼһϣ涼١ڣʱѹϵȻѾ
ĳȻҲţ˵ĹϵѾ뵽һµĽ׶Ρ
׶Σ˶ʹֶΣɱ֣پ
ص£ƸӣҰޣʵҲޣҪ̫ԶʲôıΪʦʱӦ
а˳֮ɫز٣аǺܺġ
˵ͷа󣬼¶ȥ
֪ѾȥʱʦаˣһſӶ̽ʱ򣬿Ӷ⣬飬ܹǧߣȫ뵽˾޴ĿӶڡ
Щ;Ҳ½½ӿӶ˳
ɽʷϣǵһôߣּа뢣Ĵģж
ӣ̫ΣˣҪȥ𣿡
ӶԶĵطĸߴĻŤͷǰӡ
ʱѾһЩӶһЩϢǵУ˲һЩơϡ̫ס̫󡱵ȴдϢָ⴦޵׿Ӷ̫Σգʺǡ
Ȼ书ӣΪߣУͨҲûʲô
Щ书Ӹߵ˶ܲס˵Ϊͨˡ
֪ҵԸ񣬴ɹµһ湦ѵ⴦ش򿪣ȥ̽һǽұź
һۣ޳ͣ趯Ŀ⿴ǰԶĿӶԡ
ٹأɽеĽһ٣ҲûʲôܹöԼ
ӶȨƵǿңӵһȴ½֪
ϲɽˮѰ̽գΣգͻƽʱдʱ仨档
òɾıؿǿأӵԸ棬ҲǾԲܴ
ԺӽϵĻҲӿеġ̾ϢһڳĬ
֪ˣֻϣһܹȰһӡ
ˡ۹ǰ±ض׷档
ĿѸٱüᶨжôΣգֻҪڣ;ùܵһ˺
ܿͽӱϣͬʱȡһԼΰһֻܱܵΣա
ӶΧѾˣŲӣһһ޻صƣҪӶ֮Сһ̣û˽룬âһһӰϢ磬һ޵׿Ӷ
һɲ˷оǹɺӰϣһ˿桢Ԫһ֮ӴϢ
ǣ
һ¶ļɵ
ͻιʦ
һ£ͻȻڵ
ԲǿʶȻɽеǣеߣܱ߸ĵҵǿߣȫָơ


1441 з籩
벶ȸںλͻϲرͼѡŽ룬ͼС
ԣĬȻ
ӷģһ˺ģ
ӣһԾܿſӶڱڻ¡
ʱȥӽӶУҲû˳ڿӶΧ
ʱһӰͻȻڿӶΧſĶ߲ûж𣬵¶ϢȴЩƴһģһ
˴ţ׹ϣе߶뵽޾Ԩ
һӰͻȻڵ
ЩǵĻһǳȣΪǰ⴦֪ľ޴ӶЩػߵĿУ޾Ԩ
ʱ㣬ЩӦѾִﵽǴط˰ɡ
һػߵ
ˣҲһյʱ䡣
֪˭ڵ
ߣ׼ذɡһΣһҪֻмȵͿ־壬Щ˶ɾη
Ϊ׵Ĵػߵ
ˣ
ԶԶأ⴦޾Ԩڴһһ˺ܿ뿪

ϣһӿӶڴڰвϴԽֵֽԽƵ
塢аˡ˴峤˾ۼһ̤Ź⻬Ķڣǰ¶ϢǣˣҲⲻִӰ͵Ϯ
ݣ
ǰʱ򣬵ʯ䣬Сȭ۴С޼ƿն컨ַˡ
䣬˴峤еİɫһ죬һӴŷʱΪһεϣ޼ȫסɡ
䣬һıըһĲҽ߰⣬һڰߣҽһȫ޼ҵѪģӹ⻬ͱϣֱȥ
䣡
һ쳹ءգۼ䣬һֺĵӰѩ׳ʮ׳˵ĵطȻն䡣

аӶֱͷûأִһӣۣΪа˵ķۡ
ͬһʱ䣬һۻаڱ
ǰһնѵأһɽ嶼ȴھаͷɿĵطζڿУôҲ޷ն
飡
ʱаһĳʮɿ⣬ǿһаһԶһ·ѪӰ׹䡣
ߣһȺС֮
ͬʱĿһתӶһط
䣬嶸һĳЩϷ߰׸ߵĵطһ̣ϣƬ峹ʯ׹ڶϣ׼Ϯ֣ȫһԵȥ

ǾʧþòûӶ
˺˵ˣ
Щ׹޾аͻȻڵɽаһˣϢϤˡ
ǡԪһȥʱ򣬿ôԸˡ
˵ͷԪһ棬Щȥʱÿ˶˴ĸ֡ڿԼ붴Ѩ֮УȴЩ°·ϮԼ
ڵرҲͰˣЩв󣬵ĵΣһ񣬼ǵ۹۷弶ǿߣҲп﷭Щ˵֡
ʦ峤ǰ棬ںþ̽飬һ֪ͨǡ
һ·ǰ˲ǵĹȫΡ
ʱȥһ·ԽԽִǧ׵ĵط
ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬û˿ףһĸод
̧ͷǰȥ
һ̣ǰĵصһοһЩĶǳɰǧĹ⻪һöö纣ζȺ㣬Уһ
Σգ
彫ľ罭һ㸲ǶȥʱɲǼ䣬һǿҵΣոдвһɲڡڰУȺݷˮеĹӰȻһС
Щгǧ飬ȷֲڿӶڡľһʱ֮ȻҲû̽޴ӶڵĽеж٣һֱֲ˶ٵĵط
ãЩأ
һݣӾ̽Щȫߵ״ֻ̬ҪЩУӦþͲʲôΣա
ףʲô
ʱ·һǧ׵ĵطͻȻһİƺһǰߣҲע⵽˿ӶڸĽС
Щƿ
ͬʱһ޵Ĵӵ´
ã
ɫ΢䣬еΣոһɲǣͻȻ֮䱬ʮֹҪֹѾˡص׵ƺҲоЩеΣգҪʶĽЩУԼ
ַӦ޿ɺǣֻϧ߿¶֪ܵľٶʲôĺ
ϣ
ײһԽھر߰ǧ׵İصףޱȡһ̣ǵײܼĵײһεĲƳ˷ɢ
¡
һ̣߿־鷢ˡ·ǧ׵ĺڰУһУһ·ӵУͺһͷѵͻȻѹһͻȻ֮䱬޾ɱϢ
ּȵɱϢʼαһһɿֲķ籩
䣡
ֻһգۣǧĽХţͻȻ֮䱩һֿɲķʽΪϯصз籩Ϸиգµĺۼ
ֻһĲҽУǧĽΧ԰ټƵȵֵסһͺһתĽнʳɷ飬ΪһģѪ׹ȥ
һӴɱ¾תˣһȴֻǿʼѡ
ݣݶХУһ̶ޱĽб˲Ϸ߰˰⣬һſڿӶڱϵߡҲʵ֮صʵޣȻǽһ

߻ţʹһܵͷһɲǣлһĲı֫ɡûܷһĲҽУǶ̴ٵĽУֺ֫ΪһƬ޾Ѫˮȥ
Ȼһлֻǿʼ
һźһɲǼ䣬ǧĽлΪһ޴ķ籩ſӶϷ籡ڣֱ˰ٶ׵ĺзΧڣеߣ塢аˡ˴峤ڣȫɷ籩ĹΧ֮С

ĲҽУ˾㤵鷢ˣǧƵʼɲǣӦֱӾͱɿֲĽ籩гƬ֫бſӶ׹ȥ
ͿӶֻһ֮ڣͱ仯˵һ㡣


1442 ֣
Сģ
а˺붶һʱоΣաĿѩһᣬĺبǰͬʱһӴͭǽһˡ飬һ͸£뵽˶аأԼŵҲΪһ塣
һ̵аˣǿͬһһ㣬ֱӳ籩Ĺ
䣡
аһеɲǣĽ籩һ㣬ϯԽпĽУϵײа˹ɵϡǧײܼ꣬Ҫ˵ĶĤп
ǿ񱩵ĴʹаϵĲ
ЩеȻǿ󣬵аִ˵ּĹӦùΣвǵֽб仯಻ƵʱټϵصʵΣа˵Ҳо˾޴ѹ
ˣ
վڣʦıӰҲܸоǹɿµΣաϣʯײ㡣µĵҲĲһܲ𣬿¾ͻԼ˽µĵ棬ȥ
һ룬룬롭ֺХĽ޾ƺԶֹͣһ㡣̶ֻʮʱ䣬˾Ϳ³ƵйһƺŸոտʼ
УȥʦĹν˷ҵǿҲѵֵ
ȻʦبǰΰеΣն赲һֲսʤĸоȴܵʦڵҲڲϵġʲôϢȻԪһ˻֪ȴʦܾս
һֱֹļȥºܿͻľȥӦΣա
취ܹһ
ͷ˼
ҽϣӶϷ׹£ֱһɱ̶ֻʱڣ԰ټƵ߱籩г⣬ӿ׹ȥ
ֲֿģΧķ籩ǰκһߵСġȻΪа۵Ĺϵʱȫٲ취ְȫҲֲ˶á
䣡
˼Ƭ̣ͻȻĿ磬ѸٵĴΧֻգ۵ʱ䣬кһͻȻ֮һȭ¡
䣬ֻһ죬˽µĵͻȻ̮ݣʯ·׹䡣
һȭֱʮ׵ķΧֱڿӶڱϣҳһȥľ޴Ӷ
ʦ峤ȥ
һֱ̽סͬʱһֻסʦа˺˴峤ವһ£ȭİݿӶ֮СȻֱӽվٿԽ˳ܵĽй֮һϡ
һ֮Ŀ磬ľ糱ˮһ㣬ǰ޾շɢȥ
һɲйž޲ΧУЩƣϺХĽУȴӹϷһϵͶӰСǵƶ켣ҲľӦС
ʼʱ򻹲ͬʱҲֻһЩеƶۼǽģԽԽ࣬ԽԽ
ڤڤ֮У·ֻ˵УһɲǼа㣬ƶƶɺ͹켣ʱͬķʽͼѰҵӴĽ籩е
ʱ仺ţֻһɲǣֺ͡
ҵˣ
йâһХĽУҵһСھǧ׿ĵطչɣҪƬ̲ƶǰлһӵĻߡ
еٶޱȣ˵ѾԤ⣬ƶ켣
УããĽ籩Уġ
ˣ
û˿ףʦа˵ĹУ۰ڶһֻƴ˳ֱĶ׼ϷָţȻ̫ǿңֻǱС
һԽĽʯ䣬ǱӦôͷʮ߸ߴӹУͻȻ֮ı켣˵ķ򻮳һ޴ĻߡϣôССһƫ͵ڶײһ
һɲǣʱ䶼·ֹ
ײһɲǣ·ŵһ㣬˼鷢ˡײһĽУ൯ײӾĽСܵĽжʱı
ȻһлԶûн֮ǰһĻٴηˣһײһУӦͬʱıеƶ켣ҽһĽΧ󡣰˱ʮʮʮıһٶʮ˱
̶ʱڣֻıһеƶ켣ĽȴƵĽܵ˲
䣡
̳ըԭ壬ܼĹͻȻı켣Ժ֮ȫа˵ĹΧԼط
һɲǣа˺˴峤ɫ΢ȫͣ
ϱֳ˶̾ΪֹʵҪЩȫɳȥﵽͬЧ˵ΪȫֻĴĿǰ£޴Ӷĵײﶼû̽鵽ĴǼΪǵġ
ֻһ֣һУķѵ΢΢˴ΧЧа˺˴峤˵ҲΪ𺳡
빦Ϊ޹أļӴӵһ˾̾ĵز
䣡
ըϣ̳ǵأа˵ΧЩըǧٿסӶǧ׵ķΧڣĿ֮꣬κεطܴҪصöࡣ
аվȴǺ
ˣ
ָţϵĿŶĽУһ飬飬顭岻ϵļţͬϷûκһܹʮ֮ڣһֱһȽϵ͵ĳ̶ȡ
ʦ峤ǼǰɣЩ籩ֻһͣƬЩֹͣ

Ȼǰ˿ȫǣҲ󣬵ľȴڼģӴļھ˵ͬһصĸ
ֹˣľ֪̽䵽ڱϵĽУȫһĲٿ£·ɳ޾ĸ߿
ĸ֪УʼǲУͷٴμ¡Ͻ취뿪Ĺ޾ٸߵΪҲƣڴˡ
䣡
һ̣û˿ԥаһ˦ƶڣԾ˵ٶȳ·ȥ岻ϵľ׼㣬赲ͷĽ籩һ·оգûܵκι
ʮףһףס˲ǰǰ׵ʱ򣬰һ̶Х˺󷽣ǧ缤ȥĽУٴαء
ֻһĲҽУĶϣһѾ˵һĹͻȻⷴһʱֵסпΪѪ⣬Ӷ׹
ӶڣŨϢиѪҽ֮ڶӶһ㡣


1443 ʩչԮ֣
ңȾңһ
һ·ǰʱͻȻһ΢ӲԶ屾ڿзУŤͷȥ
ֻԶиĿӶڣһ߾ʬ֧飬Щʬ룬һŮͷɢ֣ڿӶ֮С
һ㡣
ִܹȵ߶ߣòŮȻҲΪֻ֮Ӵ籩޾ĹٸߵΪҲĵòࡣ
ݣһ̶ХӿӶϷĽ籩㣬Ϸ£乥Χ־֮УΣŮߡ
û⣬˱ɡ
Ȼһָ̣һţǵأԭŮӶȥĽ籩ŵưײͺŮͷһεһȫԺ֮ŮͷӶʮĵط
ֻһ춯صıըŮʮĵط˲仯ΪһƬ촷ۣʯʯм׷׹ȥڶھҵĲƼƴ
ҵıըڽŮߴ޾Ŀ־оѹ͵̧ͷһ۾ͿͷϷˡ
ң
һɲǣŮбŷǿҵĶĿ
˵һ㣬žеǿŮңң˹ȥһѷŵߡ
ĻöҩĵֻܰһʱģͿԼ
ŮӵĶͬʱһöҩѸٵ˹ȥ
ллл
ŮӾ긦˻˵ԲˣӹеĵҩĿİͰͣòײȻѸٵϢֻƬ̣ɫ
Ҳ˵һץסŮӣͣ㣬ʦǰȥ
һ籩ɵ˺˶ġʦͽһ·ȥ⻬ĿӶڱѾÿӿݣ͹ƽҵŶͼк
ֻһԵĹ㣬پǧƵЩ֮¡
һɲǣںܶ˵˿Ӷǿʯϸŵĺ塣
ҵȣ
ôһ
ңң

һ·ǰߡھ޴ĿӶ࣬Щܹ֮ӹһ٣еĴΪǶЩ˵ӰӰΣÿһʱȥ
ֻ֮ҪὫЩ˽Լߡ
տʼʱ߻ֻˣֻ׵ľ룬;ۼʮɢߣӡ
İףף˰ףһǧס˼ſӶǰʱ˿̣˺͵ر֮ľѾﵽ˰˾ǧ׵ȡѾϡûйߣ۾򼸺ôֻƾ辫͸֪ǰ
ȻˣͷǺХȥȺĽ籩ȻûͣϢļ
ϧˣͺˣľͼʶһ֪ЩеĻ
ڳ˼ʱ򣬺ڰͻȻ˴峤ǰľΣѣ˭Ҳ֪Щ籩ĸǵشж㣬òܳйķΧ
û⣬ӶĵصףпӶӦһ͵Ĺ󷨡е͹رգӦöܵ󷨵Ŀơ
ǰ˵ǴǬ֣֮ǧ۵ȫɾ󷨽ߣЩпܾͻұ֮ǰĴҪǿʮٱǵûа취жԴ
УҲֻ˽ˡ
ѵǲֱƻڣ뵽ֱƻ𣿡
һͻȻڵ
ûõģǾӦ֪ɾǿھȥԴֱķʽƻ󷨣пܲ޷ԸʹЩ籩øӴ󣡡
һص
һ䣬һȺ˲ɫĿֲ˶Ǿģһܽһне˻ᱻ룬ֱ촷ۡ
ЩǶڶҲˣ˵жǻʵ䷴
ǿƻǾԲеģĿǰĴֻмǰУƬиǵƬٳҲضиͷҪȻĻֻܵȴЩеĹȥƾҴ
ǿĹҲȻ͹ɣȻЩ籩ǳǿ󣬵ҸоֹҲֹĳȥضڴﵽһ̶֮һĹѭ

ȻͷǧĽУԼҲ֪ȴ֪󷨵ģֻҪЩ籩ǾѲЩȶĹɡ
ѵľûа취𣿡
һµߣͷӶУһ˿ȵľĸоӰУϢȻʵȷʵ˾壬չֳҲǿޱȡ
˭Ҳְ֪Ȼܳá
ֻҪκһǳǧкХ£Щˣʱܱг˿ࡣ
ӴĽ籩ǰЩҲͬһ㣬ʵ̫Сˡ
һ롣
ĬͷĽУ¶˼ɫ

ͬʱܵԶֹˡ
ʣĸ˵Ļأ
һطǧͬſһݵĵطҧгݡע⵽ЩӶ֮УյĽСýֺͷ룬涼֪һֿµĻء
Լͨ˴أԸЩߡõûȵ֪ĸѾ˻أǿµĹ
ֻһɲǣ߾ʧ˴ĸ֣ҪӦʱһ˾͵ýˡ
棬ѵûа취Щ𣿡
ͻȻһ˵ĸֿʵУǿ־塣
ܣΪͲЩ籩ͲԵģɾǸϻ쵰˷Բǧһǧꡣ߿ԶԿ˵ġ
ҧа޵
ûа취ˣԿ˴Ȼֻ֮ǿеȥˣ
һ䣬ڵչޣסܵ˸֡ȻĹ˵˻ռ˱ˣΪǰӶڵԭܵĹעҪ˶Ϻܶࡣ
ϣ
и籩Ľÿ˶ȡ˺ƵĴʩ˵ҪƽƬ籩ͬǲ顣



1444 
ˣ
ʱ仺ȥڶ߳ѹĿӶǰʱһ࣬ͻȻ
ܲãֻһˣ
һ̣˵ĿУһֱƣǿָȻſ˲Ϣ䣬ö˼ӣָŷӸһֵʱڲԵüȶ̶ʱ䣬ͱʵ
Ȼⲻ֪ʲô۵ӣȫһʱ𣬶ʱڳε뷨
ڵϵ󣬲ҽһѹֻգ֮䣬öͱ仯ȭͷСɢ΢Ĺâлתöӱ˴֮䣬ϵ໥Ӧ
ܹԿ󷨵ֻ󷨣ܲУֻһˡ
а
һ̣âһö֮öͻȻıöһлתùһ΢͵ļ󷨡
öӶӦģˡݡšȰš
ǡ
а˺˴峤ӦͷĹҳ֣ǰȻ֮䣬оϢ΢΢һ뿴˹ȥ˲ͬ˾Ϊʹпģ˽Ȼͬ
һɲǣж뵽ʲôֻǣǸ뷨̫ˣˣҲЩ̫ȷ
Ϊδ̫ˡ
ôܣ
һǣжӿͬͷ
һ̣ľٶѸӡ֤еĲ²⡣ˣһһ»ӰͻȻ֣컯Ѹٳ֣ұע뵽򵥵󷨺֮Уת
֮ע룬ͺ磬ҲҪһʣУ򵥵ͻȻӰ仯ΧѸǬ롢㡢ޡҺйȾŹ仯ѸԷеŸߵĲα仯
ǡ󣡡
ôܣ

Χе󾪺ϳ΢󷨵ıԴ
嵯ָ֮ɵ󷨣͵ɱ˴ߵĴ¶ϢȻһģһֻǰԶûкôӴ󡢸Լֲˡ
ȻãӴ󡢿µĹŴ΢ɰƣգڹ֮䣬ȫԽ˵
˵ֱ漣
һɲǣΧĵģһƬšÿ˿Ŀ˳羴һ̵壬оͬһ㡣
һͬԴϣתܹ֮Ӱ쵽籩󣡡
ʱ˿̣屳ˣûע⵽˵ķӦ
ǿͼͼԭãһС͵ĴͶ뵽֮Уȫһʱ뷨
еͷԺзӶָܿƽͷ­̧Ϸ
ণ
ǧĽͬٲһ㣬£еӳͬʱĴг˳ǧУٴѸٵļ
ಣֻһգۣһ˲佫ǰöԲɵСʹ˳ȥ
˵ĿУз£öСȻһֲ˼ķʽ˵ĴܼĽ籩Ӷĺġ
¡С󡱳ڿӶĵɲǣһԭǵأɽӿĽ籩ͻȻһ١
漴ؼݳһƶ㣬ƺƵ˷ӿѸٹעС͵Ĵ֮Сԭ֧籩ͻȻ֮һ޴ĺڶʱСˡ
õӴԪ֮˿ԭ̫ѸԾ˵ٶﵽȭͷСһӡ
ֹˣƾһ֮۶ɵ䡰Ҳٵգ֮ͱʮΪһС󷨣ͬʱɢһۿɼ
˷Ľ籩ͺһεһ㣬ȫС͡Ϸʮ֮⣬Ƶߡ
ֹˣܵӰ죬неٶȺ٣Լࡣ
ܣ
һĻ˶ˡԶһЩڿ߶¶˼𺳵ɫ
ؿӶ֮еĽ籩Ǵɾ׼һɱ¾Ķ̶ʱڣǧƵߴӿӶˤ䣬г촷֪ۡ
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ˿ԶӴ֮ӰӴɱ¾
ˣ
ǧ׵ĿӶоͷ춯ѾҪ뿪⴦籩涸ͣ
ôܣȻȻ˿ԶԿӴ
еһ¶𶯵ɫ
ͬһʱ䣬һ򣬺ڰ֮УԪһͬǹĺҲɫ΢ݣ˼
벻Ȼ
Ԫһĸ֪˻ҪоӶУǳص֮ͻȻĺģһţĳļԪһҲû뵽ֿӶʵޣȻܸӴȻ֮
ɹˣ
ʱ˿̣Ψһ򶨵ģҲֻˡĿѩһƬϲ
һͻԵĳԣ΢ʵûЧĻҪá
ȻҲ²һɾԴΪĿ¾Ǵɹʹˡɾصײô󷨣ֻºϵͬԴԴɵضԸŴЩƽ籩Ӵ󷨡
尵ȭͷ˲Ϣͷ
ǰһĻƽңǶ˵һжоݣϸƶϵĽ
УȡȻ۳С͡󡱲ɰƴСѸֱӽ֮ޡ
ת
һһ̣պеġɢͲ˲ǿʮֹЩͲɢѸٺһε
͸ؿռϸȥͻ֣ᷢԽ籩ڵΪģ뾶ʮĵز֮УֲһһߴʮͬĴ
Щ֮һ۵籩֮С
ڣӶĵġ󡱳ͣЩԭЭһʮϵӴ󷨣ͻȻ֮һЩҺͻңӰ쵽Ӷ飬ƵĽС
쿴
ͻȻ֪˭ָſнԽԽע⵽˿е춯
˲˼ĿУͺʱ侲ֹһеġˣǧƵĽͻȻֹ˿Уһ
Щем⻹һɹİ׹⣬ϻһѪ˿Ȼ˴Ŀľ
ԭĽ籩ͺʧȥһһֹĻ


1445 ø
ߣӦÿ֧Űʱң֮󣬴ͻУ뿪
ʱ侲˶
˱ͻȻı仯ʱֻʼձ侲Ľһڣʦа˺˴峤ѸŸȥ
ַʽŽ籩ֻСְܹʱѾǶˡ֮취뿪뿪ƬΣյ
ߣ
ϣ
ʯӶϻ䣬һȺ˸ʩֶΣа󣬳ſӶײȥ
̫ˣ
˭ôֹͣЩУ
ߣһԼͣˣߵô飿һ˵
ͬһʱ䣬λҲ籼Գ㣬ʯ̳һ̳ȥЩ˵崴һ˿ǧѷĻᡣһʱ䣬ǧƵŶȫͻ
ǧףһסھĵطÿжһηĸо˿־ǣ˾Ȼûеͷ
һȳ׵ĿӶֱ˿־塣
ͨ
ͻȻ֮䣬û˿ףһһΣԵȥ׹޾Ԩ
ܳأ
һĻһʧС
Ȼ׹̫죬Ԯ
͵ΪֹɣĿѾǳϡˣʥ侳ߣ˾ͲҪȥˡ
ʱа˿ˡΪоʣ˵ˡ
׼һ£Ϣɣ㹻Ŀȫͻ
һ仰аȴŤͷ˵ġ
ţ
ĵ˵ͷһ䣬Ѹٱ۾ʼ֪¡ӶĿ
೤ĺһɹɸĿѸٱڣɢ֫ٺԼȫϸС
ߣ
а˴һٶȱѸʧ˿Ӷ¡
һ߿ŵ£¶ԥɫȴﵽһףʵܵƣʱﵽһ˵ĵز
ǰոǸ˾һӡȻûزȴмĸʣԶڿӶڡ
뻢ѨɵûӣֻҪܹõµһ湦ɽ磬ðգʲô
һţ󣬳ߣԥƬ̣ͻȻ¶ģĴһڣһԾ£ѸٳſӶȥ
һ˴ͷԽԽ˸Ծ£Ӷ
ÿһ߶ð֮ͽʱۼ˿׼
ۿһ׵ȣ˽籩ǾͣΪµһ˵Ļᣬġ
˲Ϣ䣬ٴſӶǰ
һǧףһǧסӶûмףһκ֮ǰͬоڿҪﵽӶ׶ˡ
ʦСģ
ͻȻ֮䣬а˺˴峤Ķδ䣬¡ضҡһӴ֮ϫʵʣͻȻӵص
ܵ˼㣬ҲӴ˼㣬ԶԶȥͺһȼյĻӵص
һƬڰĵصף貵ɫâҫޱȡ
ˣ
û˿ԥʯ䣬ֱ塢аˡ˴峤ڱŷͭǽڰ㣬˵ι̶ڶϡ
¡ֻһ춯صľ죬˵һ仰һ̣ͱɵصϫݺײϡ

һĲҽӶдȴаˣͷϷЩµߡ
ϫĳ֣ȫǵԤϡ
һʱ䣬֪˱ϫУɵСǿĳʹһЩײ˲䣬Ѿķѣж
¡¡ͬһʱ䣬塢аˡ˴峤˱ŶڣڵӴ
Ȼûбǹϫ𣬵ÿ϶֮޵ѹ
˿ֲѹ£ҡҡ׹Ҳﵽһ˵ĵز
ʦ峤㣡
ʯ䣬ʶֳɣͬʱа˺˴峤Ժ
ɴӵص׳ϫѹԽԽ󣬹ؼ˭Ҳ֪á͵һؿĽ籩ƣ˶ý
¶֮֮ޱػûмͺķѴ½ա
䣡
ʯ䣬û˿ԥ˲ʩչ컯ǰسϫܵ𵴺ӿڡ
ЩسϫȻǿޱȣ侳ǿ߶ֱسϫǼΪǿԪô̵ʱڣǿдϫмȡ֮⣬Ҳ˿ˡ
óóȻ֣²ᱻسϫش
ˣ
ɲǼ䣬޾赼ºţа˺˴峤ڡõ֧Ԯ˴峤а˻ǣ˲Ϣﵽһ˵ĵزֲ֮ǰģ񷴶ﵽһԲĵز
øܣ
а˺˴峤ϵϢȶҲ룬һɹɰע뵽С
֮ǰĴսӦԽ籩Ѿ˴еǰⳡ˵һǧѷĻᡣ
䣬ֻһô컯ӳϫаѸٹעڡ
ԭӽݽߵľ飬úأ䣬ǵһ˵ĵزֻøʦа˻ָ˹Ҳָ
̫ˣ
˷ޱȡǻ⸣Уû뵽ڵص»ܹһ
ϲûгãһ̣غ塢аˡ˴峤վĵطĸ֪УһΣһɱ֮ǰسϫǿٱĿֲͻȻ֮䣬
ֻһβǴӿӶصףǴ˱Ķ
ɿɲϫ糱ֻ˲Ϣͻ塢аԼ˴峤֣˵Ҳ˲䱻˷顣
ã
ʧɫʯ䣬ɲͬĳ£塢аˣ˴峤ȫϮ߿֮С
ʩչ컯
ʱʦа˵û˿ԥаͻȻʩչһľѧ
ǧ
˹֮սа˵һʩչſѧ
ʯ䣬ΧǰϫͬгһӴǿзֿ塢˴峤а˵һƬա

ͬʱͷϽ£һţʩչ컯ǿļоѧ֮һֻһһɽȻֱͬ׵ķΧ˵Ľ£˲Ϣ֡
صıԴʩչɷȻͬϫȻڴ컯£ŤתѸٵ̮ʦа˿ٵһƬյش棬ѸһƬڣΪ˵Ļܡ
ˮ
ʩչͬʱһɫĹͻȻӿ̽£صôľϡ
ɲǼ䣬Χٴ뺣۵ǲУֻ۳ڣ˲伱Ӻһ߶


1446 δ֪
˳֣ǿľѧȻΪһƬȫĵشȻ߸߳𣬵ǾȻûܵ˺
ɳȻʮǿֻôƬ̣Ѿǧ֮ߡ

һҽӶд˱ͬʱ֪߱ɣеֱӱЩ˱ں棬Ҷһ١
СĺĽУ
ʱһ󾪿ֵĴ֪˾Ȼϫ𣬽ӽ֮ǰƬڵ
Ŀһ˸ĹâֱϢȴ̹ǣͷƤ顣ʱΨһܹ򶨵ģҲֻˡ
ʮףᴥ籩
ȻΣ֣ʼձ侲Ŀ˸Ѹټ֮ľ롣
ǰһȻΣգʵûôΣա
СģϫҪʧˣ
ʱʦаصӶߴֻһɲǣʦ˼
ӶУԶֹϫͽ籩ô򵥣ﻹһɿµΣգǹӰΣȴǿޱȵģ֮
ˣ
˵ʱʱ죬ھ籩ʮ׵ĵطеϫ˲ɢȥͬһʱ䣬һɺڶͻȻסˣڶ̶һ˲䣬Լα
ֻһգۣ˾ͱ˲ֿ
𶯵ǣȻͬʱܵӴȴȻֻͬһɲǣ˾ͱѸٷֿ
ʦ
Ҹ嶼ֲ䣬˲Ϣ䣬һӴڱ˴峤аˡ
ոձͱֳɳǧɣɢС
ȻӴ󣬵ǺͶױֺڶ֮ȣҲԵ΢
ֱʱŷ֣ױȻɳǧɸͬһ𹹳ɡ
£аˡ˴峤֮ľ벻ûԽԽԶ
ףİףף֮ľһ˲
ֹˣӴ£ڿӶмٵ䣬ǧףǧףֱ׹Ӷײ
ǡ
Ҳʱ򣬾ĸ֪УӶײԭ⻬͵ĶϣͻȻ˳ǧĺڶĿȻû巴Ӧ¡һ̣һɿֲģӴͻȻ˲һ֮С
䣡
ɲֻ˲Ϣ䣬бǧ֮ࡣֹˣڽеͬʱȻ֮оԼһ硣Χһ߽һߣÿһߺ涼ʮķ֧ߡ
һ·ȥĸ֪Уپ˳ɰǧߡЩͨ˴˴֮以ָͨиһ·ĸ֪УٳֹߡҲͻȻһ˿ҡ
ˣ
ʯ䣬ϸ룬͵һȭݺݵĳ·ȥͬʱǿľչͬˮһǰʱĶ̽ȥֻҵʱĵطпܺ˴峤ʦǻϣһ̣һǿľźͷʹӶ߱д
ľոȥû߱ڣǹǿڶ֮𵴣һԺзֹ׵ľ룬ľѾ١
ôȻоƣ
ԤϣͷӦ
޵еģһЩľƣԸšƵʿһ㣬ʳľʿֹ֪ļ䣬ȻҲ֪
еЩΧľƣҪ̵ܿ׼ʱ䣬ҲƶҪǡ
ʩչֵص׾ƵˣͱǼľʦ
䣡
Ҳʱ򣬺¡¡м䣬ȭĲµĵ棬ڶߵϳһ׵ĹۣƾһǿĹסǹӴ
飬һֻص̤£̤ƵرǶص֮Уվ˵صףסΡ
⵽
ǰǺһƬ֮ܣҲֻܸ֪Χڵ򡣵һ㣬ҲѾ֪ԼĴˡ
һһ㣬˴ĵ¶磬һھһǧףյĵ¡
һжδ֪ģصġ
ʱ˿̣վڶУͺһž޴еһ㣬΢С
Уþʦǻϣ
룬һΣԾصΣأֻһ𣬲ܻ֧Ԯ˴֮һչˡ

ʱͻȻһĽǰͬһʱ䣬һ
𣡡
춯أװյĵصݶޱȡһɲǣйâһ¶ʱȻֹΧĵģֻɲ޾ĵ¶֮Уϵ𵴡ţþò
һ˲ùޱȡ
վһԺ˲Ϣͷ

һлָƽΪոշһжǴʱһĽкӵص׶֮һǣʱɫ룬ķȥ
һ̡ŰĺУһУһȫȻֹ
⵽ʲô
ɫޱȣҲ룬Żȥ
⴦ص׶߾رһǧףϡһ·أһִܹģһΪǿ֮ٶﵽ˻侳Ϊ
ʵں󣬵ʲôĹޣܹв־ǿߡ

âһѸٸϵһ·ĵط
ǰһƬڰǵҵĺʧֻԼܶϣżȵĸ¡
ȥֻܵĶѾĽᾧڵϣ忴һڵĲк
ԭ޷ʶϵ·ëѪ⡢硢Ѫȫճ˽ֻ̿һ߽ڵĹǼܺһѷıڵϡ
ͷ֪Ĺޣʧ١
վǾʬԱߣһб仯
ҽǰ󲻹ʱ䣬һǿ߾ɵûпͷ޵Ӱ
ʲôٶ֮죡
ɫޱȡ
ʨܡЩͨеޣȻܳôĵصףͷͨ
˼ʱһҽдֻλķ
һǸȥֻʱ䣬һֵֻ̡ͻȻУͬʱһ󼱴ٵĴϢ
ңҡң
ַһߵײײͻȻķ


1447 ޣ
ߵϢңĴ£ڿлζȻѾˡ
ص׶еӴޱȣ֮⣬дҲһ⴦ӵĵص׶С
ˣ
һ̤Ҳ룬ȥͬһʱ䣬ƺҲоϢһϲٳķ
ȻûͻȻ֮䣬𣬰ž춯صһӴӰɢźްϢͻȻߵ
꣬ž޴ѪſӺ󷽺ݺҧסߡһݣÿһ߳һѺݺݴߵ塣

ң
һɲ˫͵شŶ壬¶һĿ־;
𣬰һĺУ߶ʱȻһҧסȥ˲ʧ

ʯ䣬ϸ룬һǱܵĳһƣһɰХ
䣬ʯըѣһ̳ͷʧˡ
ǵʲô
ɫҲޱȡǸڵûκܹڵص棬һĹ
ΪﵽֵزǳϰģҲöԷ״ǰѡͷ޵ٶȻ쵽˼㡣
ָܺܿƽоĵģûһ㶯ȴӿһɼΣյϢ
岻Ҵ⣬ȫϢ˼㡣Ȼһ̣û˿ףһǿҵΣոͻȻвԼαգۼŨҵϢĵز

Ϥ˻ٴڶֻһβǴǰ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬嶸ȻתҲ룬ˣɽӿ˫ƣ͵ͷȻ
ֻһ춯صľ죬˫ƻʵɲǣһɼȼӲʵĸодһɲǣ·оһ¼̵ĳǽͬһʱ䣬һӿȵ巴ء
¡¡Ӵ£ȻƵñֱȥĹۡΪ۷弶ĵ۹󽫣һȫѹסԼĴڡ
ȻҲͬʱڿͷȻĿ
һͷţţʨʨǳ׶ľޡͷϳǣ㣬֮ߣ峤ӽʮסƤӲʵһɫƬÿһöа
⵽ʲô
𣬵һθоǰδеĳ
ûֵһǧ׵ĵصȻ˿µڡɺгԽ۷۹󽫼ĿѾȫԽ

ҲӦˡ
ͷδ֪޽ֵʱ֪ʱ˿̣һӰվڿӶıԵڡ
Щޱصػ߲ûн뵽Ӷһǧ׵ľ룬Ƕڵص飬ȫָơ
ˣν뵽ص׵ߣҪĻҪ࣬ƾ޵ʵĿԶԸ𣿡
ʱһӰͻȻڵ
ߣٶߣΣѵǻܶԸЩϹʱдǧ𣿡
Ϊ׵쵭ޱȡ
ڴˣضޱȣΪЩޱػߵЩȫһʱĹͨ˿Կ⡣
ʱԽԽǿǵɾ֮ʱر롮Ԩ֮еػޡǵѳԽʱûκ߿սʤǡ
Ϊ׵Ŀ䣬¶˼ɫƺ˼ݵ˾Զʱ֮ǰΪ޵صػߣ죬֪Զ˶Ҫöࡣ
ʷĺУ̫ܣ̫ʹʧʱ֮СǲеĶʱšܻЩܴڲΪ֪ĵط
Щ޾ǸԶģѾ˵ʱĲ
ǵ׺ᡢŰǶǸ֮Ķ˵ҲǿֲʰĴڡ
Ϊǵ̰֪޴۰ɣһΣ˶ԵʲôĿֲǽˣû˿Իų
Ϊ׵ĿѸٱ׺
ˣеҶȫȥԽȫѰɣ

һԣһػͻȻ̯ƣָ붯һƬƬһҶƬȫ飬Ȼ͸ָ죬׷Ʈ䵽·ľ޴Ӷ֮Уһ·Ʈڰ

صֵסӴͬʱֻ޵ľһţɲǼ䣬޾ڰĵ£һһɳҵĻͻȻ¶
ˮһûߣͬʱϯȥ
һɲǣΧ¶ǧĸ߶ȣΧĶ죬ѸٵĽᾧճ̣ڵ˲ȣļ
ã
һҲ룬һӴķ֮һʮɵľ룬֮ľ롣
Ȼٶȿ죬޵ٶȸһɾϮƺ˵ͬʱȰ˲ǰ
໣ΣյϢѸ˼㣬ûվȽŸһѪѸٱ󣬳ҧ˹һݣֱȵҪ
һݣϸ룬һըʩչˡ¡âһһһһһ£ɽȻͬ˲両֣˫֣ٵת
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ԱѵصĻѸٴڱŷҵĺͷ׸ߵϡ
Ȼ𾪵鷢ˣǿľѧ֮㼯յһɽ壬Ҳܹ׵ĺɷ顣
ǸҲܹ࣬촷ۡ
һдǰͷϣҲֻǿһ衣ĸ֪Уһʮɵ߳ɵͬˮһ㣬ϵĻȫû˺

ʯ䣬һͷӹԺ˲ʲôһɲǣһˮͷ£жʱñޱȡ
ͷ޲ֹӴӵгԽ۷۹󽫵ṹΪŹ֣Ȼӵߵ֮˵µجΡ
һɲǣͻȻЩףΪʲô֮ǰЩôϢˡǲǷֻǶͷµľ޶ԣɦһ㣬ûжΣв
ͣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬֣˵ɲǣͬһʱ䣬һϸ΢籡ӹգͻȻС


1448 һδƽһ
ڶУǰȴоһƤѪⱻпʹһɲǣпʯ䣬弸ǱܵĲȡжѸҺƶȥ
䣬һӰصĺʮ׵ĵطƬĶ
һɲǣ忴ǱаӹգԼĶȻͷһƴСƬ
ÿµٶȣ
һƬȻû뵽ϵĺҲΪٶȻ쵽㡣ʼϸ΢ƿʱ˵ĸоͺúԶٻһξ롣
ʵʣͷϵƬѾеǰ
ֱͱܣͱһΪֳˡ
һеĻҪ
жʱһǿҵļɵսڲ֮ǰոùٶʮ֮ڶûа취ʹãûǿףѺͷǿ࿹⡣
ҧצģֻϵƬԶûлߵɼ˺
һ࣬ĽηȻѾ޵ŭ𣬺ڰһ˫ɺ壬ˣâһӴѸʧԭء
䣬ԭվĵطѸ̮ƬĻҳصЩӲʯֵס޵Ļֻ־ڱصõһվˡ
һգû˿ԥٴ˻ȥֻһΣı˲ԡ
ˣ˵ʱʱ죬һΣ޵ΧͬʱûӰצ֮ƺݺɲǣһԺܹ֮޵ķâͬʱɫĽƥݺݴ޵

һɲǣѸʩչ˴ԴƾĶ
˺ȣƾǼɺı似ǿķԸӴԽ۹󽫵ǿõķʽǺ濹⣬üƹķâĵط
ͷӵǿ֮ǿĹǵЧۿۣǿ۾ͣϵϿ׶޷ıλ
뷨ûдʵȴԯޣȫͬ
飡
Ľ䣬У˫۴Ϲûгֻ֣˫һգһ͸Ѹٸסһ˫ɺĽ䣬ȫûеЧ
ǵˣһ׼ŭޡ
𣬵ʯ䣬һϸƬצѸС󣬳Сͬһʱ䣬޾һţһҽҵĻ棬һεĻ棬֮κһζҪŨңȵöࡣ
էһ֣ռߣ޵û
ɳҵĻ棬ҲҴ⡣޵Ļĸоǳ죬ЩӺյĦ֮;ݱ֮𣬵ȴȫͬˣȴûлң
ûᣡṥڲ
޵ĻȻȴľûӰ죬оڵλá
ಣָһţߵıУ嶶һ۵糸Ѹٴ棬ֱ޵Ѫڶȥ
ܹһ·Խ裬뵽ص׵ߣûһǷ֮ϵıȻҲǷƷȻȸֽȻЩ࣬Ƿ̶ӹɡ
ϣ棬ֻһѵĴ죬ĻͻȻһգ˲Ϣ䣬޵Ӱٴ¶һءһɲ忴÷һգѪںȻҧǱ
öֶɣҸ˴ĵıȻ˲ҧϣѳء
һĻһƬȻûκֵܹزͷ޵ıѾǿ˼㡣һǿҵĸоͷ޿Զͨô򵥣оͷ޷·ܹĳߵѵһ㡣
Ȼûа취ͷ޵ķӦΪʲô֮졣
䣬˼ʱһǿҵΣдӿ𣬵ʯ䣬һΣ㼱ٺˡɲǼ䣬䣬̳޴͵һԭվĵط
Уͷ޵רſߣЩ޵ְӦþΪ˱ص׵Ĵޱأ˺ﳤþ
Ѹһͷ
ʵٶ٣һǿ֮ʹֻϿշʱ䣬ûа취ɱ
ڴˣǾ뿪ҵأ
һܿѡһ֧ߣһУʧ󣬱ըϣƺ׼壬ں󷽽׷ᡣ
µĶͨ˴ֻһգۣǰͳ֧ߣһѸһΪֱ֮СȻ˾ȵǣһиûзЧ
ԥûУѡһߣ׷˹
ԣͷ޸ǿ۾ܹᵽϵ
˲䷴Ӧ
޵˫ɺޱȣںڰпǳĿΪ۾׷صʩչ֮һΪǸոһɲǣ塰ߣʱ붼ûѡȷ
Ȼ׷ǿ۾
Ǿֻͨϵˡ
ԺͷѸ⡣
¡¡Ķߵ޵˻ڶԽ׷Խƺ壬ɣԺ򼱾תʼձ򶨡
Ƭ֮䣬ǰٴγһƬ֧ߣࡣˣâһѸһΪ֮ǰͬ彫е˷ϣͬʱѨϣȲľ岿λľȫգֹȫϢ˼㡣
һУһΣͷͬʱ䵽ϴĶ֮Уһʧ
ޱ壬ɱ¾쳹أõµĶ߶·ʱһ㡣
һ̣鷢췭ظı仯âһֱ׷ǵ׷˳ȥ
Ȼˣ
֪һߵı仯ﻹаʡ
ݣ䣬ѸٳŶȥһߣһ֧߶ȥʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬ͻû˿ףһϸ΢ƿͻȻͷϢƺݷ˺ܾãһֱȴֱ֣ʱűѡ
Ҹˣôľ룬ضֲܿУȴ˿ҡ飬ʯ䣬嵥һһ֮ƣֱӭͷǵϢ
䣡
ཻһɰǵأɽȻڱǹᣬǵϢײһɲǼ䣬һƺߴͷһΣһշͷһ֮С
˫صɲǣģվȣŵŵ˼
ף
ͬһʱ䣬һȵӶдȴ֮ǰǵӰȫͬһ
СӣȻ㣡
ͬһʱ䣬һϤһѭȥֻĶݺύһУԼʮĵطһϤӰĿ𺣬ԾĶԼ
ԣӰϢ˿ˣͬԾĿԼ


1449 ǣ
棡
һϳǵӰ
û뵽ôĶߣôӵĵصͨԼȻ
٣ⲻķǸ𣿱ֻԸС㣬û뵽һ㣬СӣȻԼģҲԹñˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳڵ
ʦ޶ɥҲѭأСӣ˰ɣ
һԣħͬڵޱȡ
󶥼֣һſȻͬʱǰ
Ǽ䣬ɫһ䣬һĶʱˮ
ħаÿһӵв컯֮ܣЩÿһǺʦаͬĴڣΪ磬Ӧ飬Լսɣȫﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĵز
֮Уκһ˶ǵμĸ֣Զشвοǰͬʱ֡
һɲǣͷƤ飬ҲоһǰδеΣУĳ̶ֳϣ֮ǰĽ籩ޡ
٣ԭ㣬ˣ
ͽ·㲻ߣ
ͬһʱ䣬Ӷд⼸һ˵ĳϣͬڶ侳ʥ侳а֣׷״г֣Χʵʵ
飡
һͬһʱ䣬Ķʮ׵ĵطͻȻݣһ۵˳Ҳ㣬ڵһ׹
ߣһ㳲λԳ֣ˣҲһӲˣСˣ
ɱӺЧȣɱɱ˶֪˵³а۵ĵӣҲһҪ
˷һ塣
һΣ޵·š
棬ħаҲЦһˡ
˵İΧ֮У棬ͬڶаǿ򣬷£ܴѵˣһûСаķ˵ֻ˵һˡ
ɵ
ɱСģȥɵϵģ
ֻһЦû˿ԥ´նɱڽţնʱ˼㡣
ۿҪ˵Χ֮У³
һ£
ʱͻȻһȣ羪ըֹסˡ
٣Сӣʲô𣿿ķϣҿǿӦ㣡
һϷʵ
䣬˷аֺȻЦˣİΧȦûзɣԽս
棬ˡ
ԣȻЦԺмת
˭Ц˭Цãڻûһ̣δ˵̫ˡ
ɫ򶨣Ȼȫûһ㽹ӡ
ȤʱˣСӻˣʲôıûв´֮ǰǹɵصʱʦһϼһӦǱɢ˰ɣĻʦĸԣֿˣʱˣ㻹ɡ
Цƺѿ͸һС
һ䣬аһɰ۵˫ƣҪһ塣
ǣ棬˵̫ˣΪԶ𣿻ͷʲô
ԤϣЦȫûһηɫ
СӣҪ׷ˣʱˣΪְϷڲ𣿡
ЦĵΪɽ̩ɽʲôûƵֶΣûаô
壬ˣֱӸɵ
ʱ򣬹ħҲڷˡĿ䣬ңң壬䣬͵һ̤ɲǼ䣬ҡضԲʮڣ̹аˣħּХţС
ۿɱ㣬Ǳɱһʱͻ𡪡
𣡡
ʯ䣬ķһ˵˻Ͱң޾ɱ¾ͻȻȻû˷ӦһɿֲϢһ㣬
ʲô
棬棬ħ˴һææعͷȻûǿ󷽵Ķһ̣䣬һܵĻӿȣͻȻĶ֮籡ֻһգۣ˾Ѿߵľ롣
ܵĻУƺʲôµĶ
˴һ룬棬棬ħ֣ͬΧһаڣ׷׳Ƭ𺣹˹ȥ

ݴǹ
ħ٣
֣ʩչµаѧǹƾκߺȻʧɫ
ʵϣ˵ĹҲЧ
䣡
䣬һҵıըڶʯ䣬֪ٹһ㣬˻֮С
һ̣һ춯صľ죬һͷ׸ߵȻȻӻ֮г˳ʯһ㣬ػħ棬ͬǰһа֡

ʯ䣬һҽڶվԱߣʵһа֣ͱһɹܻûһҽţըճɷĩ
ǿħ棬Ҳһɲǣͷгľ޺ݺݻУ߷һ㣬׷׷˳ȥ
ʲô
һͻûüʩչͱײɳȥ
ľɫˣ͹ħеһ㶼
ܹһͬʱסô˸ֵĹɽ˿ôǿĹͷϣȻ˿ûˣֱ˼顣
ֹˣĸоУԼͷ޵ˮһֿûа취ãԣͷӴͺͿֱֲ˾
𣡡
һײ˵ɲǣͷ׸ߣţţʨʨľޣ͵һҧסһ˳ϵʬ壬ֱӽ˵ĳҧ룬Ȼͷһצĳһ˵аֵֵסһצĵķѡ
һܵĻ˵ĸֱУĲҽڶȵĻճɽ̿
ħڷɳɲǣͷһĻɫˡͷ޵׺ݣֱ
˵Щ֣ÿһɽжպգŷɥͷͻȻֵǰһֱͬ߹һ㣬һ
ߣ˿ߣ
ȫ뿪
ʯ䣬淢һ˻ߵĴ󺰣־׶Ťˡ
ȻͷֻһΣһΣоһޱȵĿ־塣
ڶݽֵɲǣоԼ·һɽͻСͷ޵ǿޱȣȻ㾡ȫһжҪֲ


1450 ޣ
֮ͷ޿Ͳսʤ
ͷƤ飬һɲǾжϳԼһ˸ͷ޵Ķ֡
Ϊľһͷӵ֮ǸͲ߿ԶԸˡ
һֶ᲻аȥͷĽȴᣡ
ӵһֱһֶΣյֱƾֱڲܣթа֮Ҵӵаˣһ۷壬Ϊ˾ηĴڡ
ֲа֮£ִħͷϸͲС
ܹоͷ޵Ĺ죬͹ħֺγ֪
ܵͬʱͬԾֻ治ͬħϾ죬ܵ;УҲһ˦һɹаͬһɫĺһ㣬ӿ磬ϯҵغľޣ˵ܡ
ߣͷ޿
ħ˶
⸭ոջϷˣһ˲ͼɹܣаһƬšҡ
һ˲䣬е˸ɫ԰ףܵĸȾ£һҲް롣
ʱ˿̣Ψһܱ򶨣ȻģҲֻһ塣
ߣʱħħͷˣʲô
ЦЦǼ
ħλаħͷŵüɹȻͷˡҲΨ֮˿ޣһ֮ħ˻
ֻ̫Դ󣬾ȻҪΧɱ壬Ըаķ
ϧһߣħһɣո÷ߣʱ˸תȻϮ⸭ȻΪԼڿ֪
˵ȻҪ֣;ù
һ̣Ŷλ˵棬ǹ¶һ˿аЦݡЦݣö˶һ
ûǶ룬һΣͻȻݶܵɲǣֱĳ˷˹ȥ
°ɣ

û˿ԥ˫ƺһ˲ʩչ˴컯УȡҪǿĴ¡ɲǼ䣬ܵĿռޱȣͬһʱ䣬һɽĻںХҺǰһա
ɻԵǰռ䶼ˡµĴضھһζ·Ҫһ㡣
Сң
һĻħ˲ȫɫʵߵĹħ棬ɫѿޱȡ
аķµľѧ˵ȻʶķҲһ֮ͬʱԿˡеĿնĿĸǻǣ赲ǣͷԸǡ
䣡
ʯ䣬ͬʱУһɹɵаʬӸͬʱ塣ಢĹͱˡĿҲͬﵽˡ
𣡡
һųҵĻֱ˶ȥ
һɲǣ˶ŭ˼㡣
СӣϷһҪɱ㣡
֮һҵĴֹУֻôƬ̵赲޾׷ˡ
ǺǣףǺˣ
ЦһͬҰȻ֫ͬ󵹷ɶȥѸ뿪˴󶴡
ҲȻʵ;飬Ӧûɱǡôһ£Ǻһˡ
һɱˣ
붴֮Уǰһ編ƣȫϢ˵˿ע⡣һȺϢ棬Ű裬˿а֮У״̬ͬө㡰΢ȻҲ޵עˡ
֮ԸҰľ
˵ˣ޾ҵԼͷ

ס
Сģ

󣬱ըŭһһȻǽϵĲҽ
ߣǾȡͷɣ
Ƭ̣һΣܿ쳯ȥ
ͷܹڵ˲㹻ĴۼѣҲӦõġ
һ·ѸǰԼǧ֮󣬺ͻȻ֮һ˻ͻȻǰаҽ
ô£
һ٣һ˿ɵɫ˻𣬺֮ǰͷ޼ƣȴͬ
ѵͷޣ
ͷӹԺʱͱɫ
⴦¶нһͷޣѾߵ˼вôֵֶסͿɼһߡ
һͷѾôѶԸһͷ˵Ĵ֪
𣡡
΢΢оʱ򣬽һ޵
һɲǣʱɫ
ôѵԶֹһͷޡ
ո˵󣬴ʱҲоһǿҵΣ
¶еԶֹһͷôнµ߰ԼȫΣ֮С

˼ʱͻȻһܼĽŲӸҽԶѸٳԼķ
䣬âһڰͻȻһ⣬ֻһɲʧٴγȴȻͬķ򣬻λñòĲҽȴԽԽҡ
һŵĻ⣬ӰӰ´²֪Լķ
ǳˣߣߣ
쵰ɾΪʲôĹ
ˣҾͲӦ
˵Ҫҵ·ҹ
ǻ̼һƬޱȣֻͿʮɫ԰ף־壬Լķƴӡ
ЩߺʣӦ֮¶ߵģȻô۸ӵĶУǾȻȫۼһ
𣡡
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬ǳҵڵ¶ٴγ֣ڳҵĻУٴμϤӴӰ
ͷ޸ԶԶؾ룬һ㣬ֱͬĶСɺ޾ĺڰɢĻϢ
𣡡
廹ԥͷޣһͷǲԼ֮ǰֻʱһ𣬵ȴԼķ
˲Ϣ䣬嶸Ȼɫ
ߣ
һɲǣû˿ԥһΣͬȫȫԶӶȥ
ͬʱɳҵڵ¶кɨ罭Ӻһ㣬Ĵʡ
ĲҽУһߴֲҵ״ӱУһҵıը
ӿˣҲǰһЩܲɳȥ
ңң
һߣҵը˵ڵϣ˫۾ǰǿ־塣
Ȼգ֮䣬һֻ޴צʯݺݵ̤˵ڵϵߣҽж㱻ͷ̤촷ۡ
ڰУⲻϵ֣ͷһŻ棬һں󷽲ϵ׷ٹӱܲģ׷ϣնɱ
֮УȻڶ࣬ǾȻûһһ֮С

һֲҽڶоþû죬ò



1451 У
ˣѾȫڰƻȫ
ϣһޱصػͻȻڵ
ȻûصףһУƺĿָơ
ΣһҪǴɢһ𣬵޿»һ㡣ˣӶص׵Щųɣ
ʱػͻȻڷˡĿעźĿӶײв˿ĸ顣
ǣ

ӿӶһ·£͸һǧ׵ľ룬һεⰵյĿӶײɢ
Ӷڣĵģû˿Ĳ
·ֻһɲǣַ·ͣâһһ΢Ĺâөһ㣬ͻȻӺڰ
Ϸ֮ߺ󣬷·˯֮ͻȻѹǵ΢ĹâͻȻһ㣬˲ϢâȻٶȼһǰ㣬û뵽ӵĵ¶С

¶֮У彫Ϣ˼㣬һ·ٱӡһĲҽϵĴӺ󷽴ں󷽵߲ϵıնɱ
ȫһǿҵΣУ˰㣬ɶ
̾ڵľ飬Ǿڣ㴢Ӵͷ޵ĹҲѸٵʧ
һȴֻ·һ
Ӧĸߣ
Ŀ粻ϵɨܣƬ¶֮Уͨ˴׾ʧһŪãп֪ܲԼ͵˾޿С
¶вµľƣʹΪľȫʧȥ;
Ҫȷķϼѡ
ֻ澫̽ˣ
а
һֶ̽Σͬˣͨλһֻûоôðˡ
һ̣һ˷еȫС
Ұ޵˻ߵĲҽ˵ıըгǧĶдĻȫ巴ԺƾӴľЩϢԺ顣
ЧʱڴнģͣҪ̫̫࣬Ч֡
屾Ƭ۸ӵĵ֪ڣվλΪģΧһ۸ӵĶԺгͣλ÷ɢȥ
Ȼû̽¶磬ѾϹˡ
ܣܣ
Щӣ
ˣǶҪˣ
ʱһĲҽͻȻһ벻ĵط
ˣ
һ̧ͷֻһһȺߣ澪֣ȿֺĳԼڵķ
һȭͷСĽɫ⻪ڿУǸһ㣬׷
Щɫ⻷׷ʱһϤ
棡
һϳЩһӵʵĿ¼׳档
֮ǰڴʱ򣬾дĶǿЩΧ£ôû뵽ȻЩյĶ֮УٴЩ档
ֻǺʹвͬЩصͷʵǿҲ߹ԡ
©ƫ꣬ͷѾеص׵ߣپ޴ΣգֳЩجһ档ɲǼ䣬嶼̲סƤз飬оһǰδеϢ
ͷټЩӴĸߵȼ棬κܴĹд
𣡡
һչҲĳŶȥ
ûսף嶼ֵסЩ档
ˣ
һߣߡĶ˻⡣ڤڤУǧЩ֮У˵ķ
𣬶ͬһʱ䣬ͷҲ˺󷽵Ķ֮С
ͬЩ棬һ׷ɱеߡ
ΣӰΣЩߣȫ޺׷ϣһһնɱ֮ǰĲҽëȻ
һ·ǰܣʶһֱܺͶеĶ£һ˿һĴ⡣
ԣ
ʯ䣬΢Ժжһ⡣֪˶ãЩ޺ĸоǳԾ
ЩĿĿɱˣϣ
޺ķ񣬸ôƣֻ׷ɱ󷽵ߣ
ҲͰˣ޵ٶ̹ģǵٶȸûж߿Աȵǡ
ЩޣûгȺɱ䣬ϵԶɱ¾ԡ
ЩĻˣ
ԺһڴУЩвٿشͼߵ
޺Է˿ƣȻΪĴŸͼı
ͷԺоһɸΣոУȻʱִ٣һʱ֮ҲҲʲôܺõĽ취

ܵĹУû˿ףͻȻһҵĴʹдӸڵҲʱһƬҡ
ãĹ󣬾ֿʼˡ
ģˤ߻ħڶûãĳ֣ҲֻǻڵƣûдӸϸıơ
սܣսʩչʹڱҵľڸ߸״̬
Ȼ֪ҵɹӸϽ⣬ڵ߻ħͻ᲻ϵؼӿ죬û뵽߻ħȻ֮졣
Ҫʱ
ģΪʲôƫƫʱ򣡡
ɫ԰ףͷ亹乣ҲķŻ
ȻôƬ̵ʱ䣬ʹûֳԽԽҵƣΪǣ£ڸҪζֳŤ鴤ļ
ȻһлԶûнŻٶȵʱ򣬺һͻȻͷ
֪ʲôʱһӴӰͻȻƹһߣһ˳ǰʮĵط
һ˫ɺĿޱȣңңĶߡ
һɲǣɫ䣬һˮס
˫Уû뵽Ȼʱһͷ޶ϡ
ͣ
һɲǣʱ䶼·ֹֻʣͶ׸ߵӴޡͷϹʱĲбݺݶ壬ܹԼ˸磬ǿƳȵ̡
ˣ
Ҳʱ忴ͷ΢΢ƶһצԭɳڵļʱɲǼ䣬ΣѸŨҵԸӵĵز
һ˲
䣡
𶯣ʱ򣬾޴޽һ̤˲ϢһӰ㣬Ѹʧԭء
ͬһʱ䣬ᵽһŨҵϢģֲϢ
ޱֳʵԼ˷ֻҪһԼ±ɡ


1452 ֮
棡ϹޣǻƵʱǿЩϹϣ޵֮ա޵Ĺһ㽱ɱޣʮ㣻ѱޣʮ㣡
һɲǣԺйâ㣬֮ʯһ嶼ֲ
ʲôƵʱ
仰һ֪ͷȴû뵽ͷ޾ȻͻƵйء
һͷԴôʱľޣѾ
ȻѾ˼һȻп޵Ӱ֪޵ٶȣѾִﵽԼǰ
ۿҪצ£¡ͻȻ֮䣬ʯըһ㣬ͻȻƾʧ
һĻͻûʲôǵΪ֮һ˫צ͵سסǰĹԣһת͵صͷֻԭվĵطյģֻһһ˴Ķڣͨһط
𣡡
ֻһɲǣͷ׹һ춯صŭ
Ķͨ˴Ȼ˻ɲǣǣ㼯ȫĹǿʯԼµһС
һĻƼ򵥣ȴ£͸ߵ򣬶صо׼İѿأ㡣
ĳЩطҲǳ֮ǿҲ㣬ֻȡ裬صУá
޴ȻҲļȻ֮ŭһһ͵رѧһҲ㣬ݺݳȥ
޶Уһϣɡۿ޾ҪҲ㣬ڵĶٴ׷ȥķչȴеȫͬ
¡âһ߶صޣڵĶУһ̣ûվȣݣֱӵ뵽һ㡣
ߣ
巴Ӧ죬Ҳ룬ǰȥһܣһ߷ֳһ򣬽ȥ亹Ӷͷ乶£̶ֻһξ룬ͼľȫ
ڵص׶߲ϵı仯λãһ߽뵽һ֮У˰޵׷١֪һα겻α׷ϣֻǳ⡣
취ޣڵڼأֲ˶ˡ
а
ϣߵľҽڶͷƺ׼ԼϵζƺĿĲݡ
䣬һҵıըԶǵڱ׷ϣֱһצɢ
ĸ֪УͷϵϢ·籩㣬ԽһߣԼ
۸ӵĵ¶УֻԹޣԶҪ˽εöࡣ
Ӧȥ
д˷ڵڲϼأٲսֹͣڵƿ»һ񻯣ֻǴʱ˿̣ԼܼڲϽӽЩʹ޷ͣ¡
ӾŵϴӶд廹ڽһռЩϢһԺеĵ¶硣

ͻȻ֮䣬һ֪ϢдϲһΣǿṦһעķ֧ߣӶȥ
ˣ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ǰʮ⣬ͻȻխǰͻȻһһҵխСߡпնģһƬʲôҲûУУʱ
޵Ӵޱȣվ֮ߣǰһңȻ㲻СǶӴ˵ȴ硰󶴡һ㡣
޵ûа취ôխСĶߣֻҪУܰ޵׷
һɲĿѩҲ룬խСĶ߳ȥ
Ȼһ̣Ҹ⣬ƬʯмͻȻǰ䣬һͷСɽӴӰبǸ֮䡣
һ˫ɺޱȣбɱ趼֮ᡣҲһɲ
һ࣬ģͷͻȻֵ޶Ͼе
ȫңѾȫˡǴխСĶߡɱޣܴһء
¡˵ʱʱ죬¶ף֫ڵ㣬Ȼȥ
ڿУ޿һţһٺĳףߡ
ۿҪ޵Ĺ֮£һ̣ͫһüޱȡ
һ̣ûк˶޵׹һݣأһ㼤޶˶ȥ
ˣ
ʯ䣬ֻһɫĻΪһ֣ȫ֡һűֽƬ㣬أ޸£
ڤڤУֻһйѪ·ͳʲôпŶƤ
䣡
һ죬һ֮յķʽ³˹ȥǸһҵĶѨС
ɹˣ
һ͵شӵֱеȸذסǰһ߲ذϣѪܣŨѪҺм
޵ѪҺ
嵱ڸƷ߻ħԵʱ򣬱ʦߣеȫ˸֮ۡСֻѶСȸذףΪľУС϶һ١һ˳
ֻһ̫ϲذףԾܴϣһֱûù
һ·ޱڶʹá
¡¡һײ޴ޱ塰ƶǡϳһճѪȻײʮĶ߱ϡͷ­ײҲ㣬뵽С
忴޵ġʬ塱ϲޱȡȸֹȻǼı޶ֵסķâ
еϲȴûг̫ãһ룬زԭѾײڶһľ޴ޣͻȻ֮䣬վǹ̺ϢͬҵĻ㣬ٴδϱ
ĿУͷɽͰޣתһž޴ͷ­ɲʮ׵ľ룬ݺݶ塣
һΣһͷϣоһĺ⡣
עģͷ޵ĸ
֮ǰһȷʵãĸһ߶˺ۡѪ¶Ѫˮӿ
ŨҵѪζȴ˿˲
Ƥ£ǰȸذһΪĳ˺ۣۿɼٶϡǰ󲻹ʱ䣬ϵƱָĺۼ
ôܣ
Ķʱ˰ء
֮
û뵽ͷ׸ߵȻˣӵ֮⣬ӵƾһ㣬ŬʩչٶֶΣҲ޷˺
ÿһζôõĻᣬ޸£


1453 
𣡡
ʹȫȻ
¡̮Ӵͷ­һ붴Уǿ˶յͣǰȥƬƬʯм޵һţǴĻ¶
һﻹаɣŶȥ
󣬾޴޻ڳķֻǰСĶڳԿϰ
ʮףףǧסڣ޵ĺȥ΢ɲ죬Ȼʵǰòͷ

屳ǽڣżôƬ̵ʱ䣬оڹŹǰһ⣬ʪ͸ˡ
ʱвʱȥ˼һЩĶ
Ƶۡޡһеô£ɾرصĵطΪʲôͷƵʱޣһеô£
д˷
ɹµһ湦ٴգٴΣҲ֣ڣЩԾˡ
Ļأ޴ӶеĽ籩ԼЩ棬嶼ԽܣǻƵʱޡӦóеĲãΪ˱ɹıأػʲôܡ
⵽ô£
Ŀ¶˼⣬ȴʼղҪ졣
Ժ취ȥɣ
ǰȥԼǰǧ֮һƧĵطܿһεƱеĻҪأϵɱܡ򶷣ڽһշڵơ
ڵ壬ڵκʱҪصöࡣ
ʦ˵컯һʼ񻯣޷תһڶʱѸټءٹھս߶ͻᵼ¸صĺҲ躹ޣͽõԭ򡣡
ұһʱ䣬ҵϴ峤ʦ˵ڿˡΣ취õɹڵơ
а
һе֫ٺԼ֮뵤֮УȻѸٵĿʼϢһɹϵĴͷһȫϢ߻ħ
ʱ仺Ĺȥ֮оĵģûκεϢ֪˶ãڳ鴤Ťľ磬ָ
Ҳ˹žľ硣
ؾţ
·ֻһǣֺͣרĵϢƵʱͻȻһĸоͺʲôҡԼļ忪ʼû⣬󣬶оʹһƺʲôڽԼ
ʼʱ򻹺Զޣܿ죬ԽԽԽԽ
壬塭
͸Ž͸ŹУЩʡ
оɲȫô¡ʦڵص׷ֿ˵ʲôƫƫôУô
һֹ̣ͣŬ
ǰͻȻֳһ⣬һڲϵֻȴһƬģ
ô£ص⣿
дΪȡ
Ǻܿ죬оԡƺʲôĵص׹ԴУ´µĿһЩģӰһӰƺԼĬĬᡣ
ܿòǺҲܸоԷǱˡ
׷ʲô
Խľˡ㷴ӦٳٶۣҲоǰƺЩԾƺԼĲ̫һ
Ŭ۾ͼǰĶ
֪˶ãǰһûһ̣һӰ͵ϡ
壬ˡ
ϲ˵󣬷ϣͻȻӵĿ
粣٣
ڣеһбǵϤģӣһӴסˡô£Ǹոմ֮𣿲ǲŸոסҵ
ΪʲôͻȻͻȻ٣
ĿתΧԣ忴˸ϤӰϹܼҡ󲮡ĸסܷԺӧ˼⣬ʦϴ峤˶ڷУΧڴΧһ˵ĿԼ
ԣʦϴ峤þһǻþ
£һǧ׵Ѱµһɹôܻ
һҪþ
ǻûһǿҵȫܿ죬һֻѸٰļ
ƻûãҪʦˣָġ
ʦ
̧ͷǰ֪ʲôʱߣһֽԼסʦаˣ㯡
ţѾˣ컯߻ħôõġ
һϤҲӶߴ˴峤ҲԱ˹һص
ǰϤˣͻȻ֮һƬҡôһɲǣͻȻЩˣȫֲúʵˡ
ʦǲðգѰҴɹΪʲôǻѵѾˣ
дΪ죬ѵ˵ڵص̽յʱʵѾȥˣȻʦ˴峤һ·
ɹ
Ļа˺˴峤࿴һۣڶԷпǡ
֪㻹⳯ϵ£֮Ѿˣû˻ġ
ʱһ̾Ϣڶ𣬴ѧʿ¬֪֮͢ʲôʱ˹Ŵϵ壬ǲ̡
֮
ʱסˡô£֮Ѿȥ
㻹֪Դϴ鷿߻ħǷѪԵڣѾȥҹҹ
ͻȻһԵ˿壬һᣬ̲ס޳
ʲô
һסˡ
鷿߻ħ
ǵã鷿лԣ֮֮ϣȻͺʦȥôܻỹڼУѵⶼԼĴ
ܣţ
ף¬ѧʿڿЦԲԣ
忴΢ЦŲŲɱ򶨡
˶壬һﲻ
Ȼػģʦа˺˴峤
Ҳ֪˵ʲôΪʦϴ峤ûȥʲôҲûҹʲôɹ
ȻȷʵȥǴɹ궼û˵õôף
˴峤Ҳڵ
˴峤еĹϵҲһֱ嵱Լһͺһһֻǣ֪ǲܵŵĴʱ״Щԡ
ˣ
ǰһϤİףһסˣ仰˵
ٵģһǼٵģһС
ʶ˴¡ξʵһŲ𣬶ĲǣУԼܲӰξôʵ
һ̣µһͶӰʱסˣĻҲ˵


1454 ۵
ԣ
ҡҡͷȻ̧ͷԼ˫˫ơԼ˫ư𪡢޳ֱϸɼ͸ָ⣬ܹܵ΢ϢԼָо
ָо̫ʵ̫ϸ΢ˣȫξеġ
Ŀɨһָֻֻ׸ǣָ׸ڷİ׹⣬һжôϸ£ôʵ
ô᣿
һƬȻԺ˲һƬհס
ξǲдģϸ¸кϸڣôһɲǣҲˡ
ʵãȥڣȫ֯һԭԼľŲɵġ
ڣЩͻȻ֮ȫҡˡ
ͻȻô϶ˡ
ЩǣȫһʹԼڻҵľ鷿߻ħμơѵ˵ν֮Уʵֻ߻ħĻþ鷿֮󣬸ûбʦǿд
ʵһвĴξ
еЩͷԺӹͻȻһƬҡ
ǰһУȫֱ治١
ŸոѣúϢĸ££һһɡ
ƽͻȻڶ
һȺ˺ܿ뿪ӷ˳ȥ
ܿ찲һڴϣȴþ޷ƽ
һеô£

´̴ֺľеʵظУҲŵζУǲôʵġ
ѵĻҹ𣿡
ߵǰд˷һ͸ӵķ϶ϣůĸо˵ʵһ仰˵
ƿţ߳ȥǰϤĻ԰ˮأһҵĸۡܶ۴αȡ
ܹһƬƬϵĻͼԼһֻݼϣߴߴķ
Լ֮ʱȴԭļ䣬ͻȻģһ
һɣ
ԺһͷԼĴ
飡
˼ʱͻȻԶһҵܿ죬оǵ˷ŭ
쵰˭ǹģҹ
Ǻǣǿͣ˵ˣһֱԲѣǹ˵֮صƷһݣôСɣ
ܿ죬ԺǽʹһϷʣһɲĸо
Ҫ̫ˣŵΣүΪпܳͷ𣿡
үӭЩˣ
ԶԶһŭȴǳ±Ҳ̲סŭ
ܿ죬һЩѾߣ˽ҸۡſڣһƬӡ
ס֣
ʱһˡ
Ҵſڣǣ±ڶһȫۼһĿⶼŴǵӰһߡ
Ķ˷׷ŤͷǵϤӰһסˡ
ˣ
һ˲˷׷׵ͷȴ岻֪ʲôʱߵ
˿ɣ
忪ڵɫ΢΢԰ףԵЩ
Ļ˷׷׹Ӧǣóһ
ǣүþò
ͬʱ֮ǰģǸϷʵĲٴ
˵үҹᣬ⣬벻˵Ǽ٣ԭүѣ
㣡
ŤͷѭȥֻҵĴ⣬ӰΪ׵һɫۣɢһ˫壬ѱƵζ
˵ò岢ûӡ󣬵ϵϢȴǵǵ¥ϣʤ轣ġ
һһŮŸ֣һУȻе
ǲҪ̫
Ļǡ±˷׷̲סŭһŭѣͶˡ
ʲôʵ̽ʵġǣүôѪ
ˣ
ʱͻȻ˵ˣ˰ֹˣȻĽ
ȥǹӣﱾˡ˵ллĺ⣡
ɫƽ˿ûжŭⷬ潣һסˡ
ȻķӦеȫͬܿ콣ͷӦ
ǺǣүүͻˣȻˣ͸ǣ
˵΢΢һ

Ļüͷһ
ôү֪
Ѿת׼뿪仰ͣ˽Ųǵˣ
ôǻûү𣿡
üͷһʲôͷһۣɲǼ䣬˶ɫһ䣬׷׵ͷ
⣬һĻʱʲô
ԭǻүȻˣҲ˵ȸˣ
΢΢һЦ¶һ˿Цݣܿﳤȥ

һеô£
鷿ǰͻȻڵ
⡭
Ǻͳ±࿴һۣĿ¶ԥı£˻˵˳
ʵүԵʱ䣬˺ܶ飬ûүǿ⣬źʹӵˣ׵˳áټү֮ǰѪҹǶүơ
ûүıߣŹӣڳɹͨ˳ײóڼ֮ǰ͢ѾеóѾٵеĻᡣԺ󣬼ҪٻҲˡ
ֹˣţӻ࣬ټһ֣ʱ䣬׵İıȨջڱеȨ
⣬Żʱ䣬ɳ˴ż˼㣬ҼȫŵĿ֮С

һһʱ䷢
ܾʯЩǰǵĿѾ˺ܶ࣬һϢȻоʹ
˵з£ŬôãôѪôսʿȴһȥĸʡ
οⳡ֮ϵģݵԼ²
Ƕȥɣһ˾һ
ͻȻ˰ֵ
ǣˣ
ǵһ˿̣ܿ˳ȥ
վһþãþã̲סһ̾Ϣ
ƿ鷿˳ȥ԰ˮأӴ˳ȥһ·ϣѾ˿壬Ҳû˸ֹ
ôججԺз·ǧͷֺʲôû룬ȵعѾӿĽֵϡ
Ŀȫ֬ˮ۵ɡɫҴңǰӵˡ̯
ЩȺУ忴һЩӰŴӣųĲۣһӥĿǣһŨŨ
ˣ
ЩţĺˣŰûڸط϶һŨŨ׺Ϣ


1455 ֥Ĵ
Сھʦгڶ౾ͲʲôֵôСֵĵطǺǰͬȥھʦеĺ˱֮ǰʱҪࡣ
߾ˡ˹ˡͻʺˡͻˡʳˡȫȺҵ
һȥܴЩпʮ̽ӣΧİȴƣһл
´ͬͲôˣȥɣ
Զһϰ΢Цŵܿ콫һβƥһ书ĺС
Ǻǣһˣֺαô֪֡Ǯ࣬۸ˣ
Զһϰ
߰Ժ²˵ģ¶һˣǲؿ
ΧһϴУĿ˶ĺƣǱڵΣȴ
ʹԽܣȻӿŲǰȥ
һ·ĿʦպȻͬټĴƵ۶һĳǳأ˶ػ
ףǲ𣿡
һ·ϻججʱӭ洫һϤ
ʼ廹ûзӦһ̣Ȼһ
ǧ
˹ͳǧﲢսôãϴ
ֻǵãǧͰأûоפأô֮ңľʦ
̧ͷڶܼȺУȻһϤӰ
ͦͷ­ɢϢǧһһ㡣ǰĸǧǰһ벻Ӱ
֥
ô᣿
ǵӰΰӰ˲ɲ
ǧѾˣ֥Ҳһ֣ͬʲô
󶼻󽫾һǣһȫһһǣ¡
λ߾¡λǷҹϵشǣİΣûоگʮ궼ܳھʦ֮С
߶̽ô
嶸ĻعӿŲȺеȥͬʱ֥ǧҲֿȺ˹
壬ˣ
壬֥ͳǧ¶һ˿Եϲã
֮ǰҺǧǸϰݷãʱһֱԲѣ˵ƺ࣬Ҫȥ̽û뵽Ȼ㣡
Ʒ֪ǧ٣Ϊ۹ؽ֥ǰһֱϺʾˣҲֻλλǰ֥Żչ¶ƽ׽˵һ档
ʱȴϾɡ
ߴˣ̽һеô£Ϊʲôǲڰפأھʦ֮У
忴˵
ˣ
ĻһɲǣϵЦ˲ȥɫҲóࡣ
⡭壬㣬ʵѾʲô󶼻ˣ͢ȥҵıȨڵİŵļλͳš
֥ĬƬ˵飬һԵĳǧҲĬࡣ
䣡
֥Ļ͵۾Ĳ˼顣
ʵܵٻصԶֹǣ佫ͳ죬ܵٻصڵľѾȥˡ
һԵĳǧɫޱȡ
û˵ȴǳģԵϢС
үڳеƣ۹ǵĿ֮£Ѿʧȥ˺ǿʱˡ
ǧһ˸е
Ϊһ佫ǵѣ˭ֻĽĽ֣ڴҺŽһӴѿسãκ赲ġ
˵Ļоܣ̵ĸоȻֻǵ㵽Ϊֹû˵̫͸еĸܣβ֪
ܶ˴뱲ӣƴ˴뱲ӵİôȴȸռ𯳲еĸ֪ܿ
ߣѵϣһȥȱưɣ飡
֥§ļ磬һ˳ľ¥ȥ
ξۻһֱ絽ϣֱҹŷؼС
ʱһȥ⼸ʱﱻԵЩϢ
ͬһʱ䣬µϢҲϷɵҵĸ֮ۡС

̶ʱڣһֻֻŸ˷ϵķҵĸ֮ۡУЩŸ˸Ϣ
˹زϢڰհϿپӣѵĿ⣬ﵽʮ֮ޣûм٣ӣүϣ
ʮϢگλʵ۷٤죬ټϷ壬ͬʱΧѵҰ׼ؽšõϢگѵľԼͷģԭİʮϡүʾ
ʮ̽ѲСαװɸ߾ˣ˳Ǳ߾ϲʮһУڸʮ֮̽ڵõϢԨϷľսѵˮʦˮʦʮ׼ˮ·Ϯơ
ʮѾûս£ǲǰǵһֻھӣ⵽ϮǧɱһǧѺзȫûеʳȫһգ֪١Ȼûȷ֤ݣǻȷĿָͻʺռʼתԣתǼɼв
бӶܵмϽӺʧ¼ʿ治

һϢѩ͵УÿһϢڴʹ壬ԽԽǣΣķ˶Դ˺
Ȼռ˴Ϣڵĳ͢ڴӺ۵ƿУͲκ
ξȥ
а¶˾ġ
Ҳʱһȫļƻ
ΪһҪ
֮ĸͻȻ巿Уɫ֣أǰδе档
ҲѾСˣǾȨӵܵĹأͣѾԽˣһ죬Ǻܺ¡Ϊ˺ܾãҲʱ򣬳ɼҵˡ
ΪҹͶϣԵʱҲһֱչ㣬ҹ롣ڼ䣬˶ࡣǵĹңľ⺢ˡ
ԵʱΪһһֱԲѾͰˣܹѹ⺢ӳΪҵϱ
ʲô
ĸ׵ĻΪԾⷬû뵽ġ
ô㻹Ը𣿡
ɫһ䣬ʱЩá
⡭ҡ
æͷСĸ׼Ϊأǰ˵ϰ֣˵Żࡣ
֮ΪȥһҼѾͬ⣬Ҳͷ⺢ӦҲǰˡ
³˼ȢǸӣΪѾ˾ʦеý˴ǾһճɻɡΪҲ㱧ӣΪﲻˡ
˳
վþõĻزʵ̫ˣûĸ׻ʱ飬ڻᣬܷܶꡣ
ǿĸ׵飬Լôʱ䣬˺ܴӰ죬Ż顣ҿĸ׵飬Ȼǳ档


1456 Ļ£
ȻĸѾˣǾͰĸ˵İɣ
ͷ˳
ȻЩ⣬֪Ϊʲô˵֮ⷬз࣬ûһǿ
ڤڤӣڸ֮ǺԼ龰ҹͣΪԼʳ㲵ӣ˶·ϣʱǹжǵĿ⡣

绯꣬
ҲʱŻȻѾԼ˲ķ
һֱĬĬӲȡʹҲͣԼӦøһҲõĽ

䣡
ٵĻ´ʦˣΪܳս崴һϵеĹսĵ۹󽫶Ϊ֮۷漣
ңƹ˴ƺڵİڽɽڼΪϵңӵоصĵλ
ҽϣɲŮò˲䶯ʦ۹ע⡣
˻Ƶգ˾д죬ʦ˿Ϊ۵ı֮󲿷ֵİվһ࣬ݣµĺպչڰУȻŲСӰ

ӣӣ

ҵԺǽ⣬ֹĸߺ춯أߺٵҲһ㲻塣
ǴƵԺңȨһھʦ֮ͬӵ֮ھʦŮУӵмߵ
ټ˹֮սʱں˳ᢣԴԴϵĹӦֺڴȶ󷽣ʹھʦеѹŮӡ
˹֮ս֮󣬾вٵȨҵݳӣϣܹһؽ֮á
վεͷ
ڵȵһˣ
΢紵վͥԺе÷£޷˿裬һƬɡ
Դ˾һʯͷһֱææµµΪ˱ϣԼûô˼
αȨ˳Ȩģ˵ҲʹһѵõĻᣬȥһЩԼںˣں£ҪǡЩԼϲˡ
ǻжõ
崩һ˫ֵ
ĳУĿڣɷ֮У¶һɺƽսɱȻͬϢǫ񣬸˵ĸоһ
үĽѾ·ˣӦûһյʱ͵ˡ
ǰǡ±һſǰ

ǵ䣬һ󼱴ҴҵĽŲУһһͷӺѸ
үҵ׶Ͼ͵ˣϷ˺ʹүѾſڵˡ
Ļ˴ΪܣҲĻϲ͸һɷĵϲá
ߣȥſӭӣ
һ˦ǰȥһ԰ˮأ;ֻŵƽʣϲ
ҵĴſڣһѾߡ˴ϲĴ·ӵһ𣬶Ⱥǰ棬һ긾ͷ䡢Σվڴſڽȴš
ף
һӿŲǰȥ
壬ǰ˷׷׻عͷ
ãǺӿ쵽ˣҲϽ׼һ¡
⣬üǶ͸һЦ⡣ôʱ䣬廹ǵһοĸôġ
Ǻǣ㳤ˣҲҪɼҵˡҲ׼һϣɪΪһשߣԽ
ʱһӶߴĴبһź룬ϲõ
Ϊҵӣ貵ĴڣԼֶӣبҲǴϲһݳݣſӭ
л󲮣
΢΢һЦһ
ˣˣӵˣ
˵ʱǰͻȻһӵɲǼ䣬ȺɧڣҲתͷԱߵĸ׻дب׷Ťͷ˹ȥ
һžıԶĽֵͷһ׶ģ׶ǰһ̽𻨽ҵĸۡ
վڴſڣԶԶȥһ۾Ϳ׶һҵӡ
ˣˣ
ҸۡڣȺһӼ
죬һҵѾҵĸۡ˳ӳֵʱ򣬽ֵȺҲź
ӣӣ
ǻ쳹ء
忴ԶϽӽĴ̽𻨽ΣǵЦԽԽҲԽᡣ
ﵽ
ǰӭΣ
һһŲ̨£һ·ߵ˴̽𻨽ǰ
ΣΣ
ӣӣ
ɹ٣ȥӰ

һĻΧȺ׷׸Ŵ壬һڶ
ʥ׷ͻݣò٣˵ⳡ񿰳ƴͻôõɻᣬʦİ
ֻ΢΢һЦ⣬Ŀ⿴ǰ̽𻨽δӣԽᣬ͸һɳ硣
һԣѾߵݹһɫϲӣӹϲӣ΢΢ϲӲӺͽ֮Ŀ϶
٣ҵþˡ
Ķε¶ķ϶ԽԽ󣬶͸ӣԿһӰ棬ķƸͷסеա
ϲӣ׼ӭӳʱһ̣һƵ緢˿ɱͻȻĸ֪֮Сɫ΢䣬оЩҪˣȴѾˡ
¡һ̣һӴѵأɽ͵һƣ֮ƣݺؿϡԭڽڵ֪ʲôʱȻ֮䷢һ
¡¡һʯǧˣͻһĻΧ˶ˣ㵡𾪡ãšһ㣬˵в
˭Ҳû뵽ԭֵϲ쳡棬Ȼݱ
ҵȻڵִҵһɲϮɣ˭Ҳû뵽ġ
ˣˣˣ
ıɱˣ
һɲǣԭֵȺʱûޱȣ˵Ǿ֣׷׳޶ӡ
䣡
Զ֮ǰһƣڵһ˳ȥһײҵĴϣŶײˡ

һĻ۾һôģòŷһƺȫŻᷢ顣
򣬷ˣү
ҸۡһƬҡ
ү
ǣ±Ҳ𺳣˷Ӧܿ죬׷װγبǰ廤С
ҸҸһңʱ˿̣ܵ𺳺ͳģĪˡ
㲻٣ǵʲôˣ
䣬Ȼӵֱͦͦվ


1457 һ֮
ڵ̫ˣ߻ħ֮ҹ˵ľʵܵ˼Ӱ죬ܱô׵֡
ҵȻӭʱ򣬶ʹɱ֣ڳ˶ܵ˼𺳡
ķӦȴ˶죬ֻһɲǣͷӦеԲ٣ҲԲôߵΪ
һ࣬û塣
ɵ
ͷ£ͻȻһŮӵ䣬ɱɭɭ˿ĸ顣
ֻѲ죬Ǻɫĸͷͬ˲䱬ըŴҲ˲任һװһۣĿ纮˪һ㣬һŲ԰׵Ĺ߸ϣסеò
ϣеĺɫһ˽һлһӰֱ֮ȥ
䣡
ͬʱŮ̿͡׵ĶУһӰĶϴϲĴ·ͬ׷ըѿ¶ɫۡ
ɱ
Щ˷׷˽һԾԾ˵ٶȳķɱȥ
ˣ
ǺһȺҵĻɫ䣬׷׵ֵǰû֣ǵ˷׷״һһһ㣬׷׳ǰ˹ȥ
䣡
ֻһֻһҽǵ˶ʱ߷ݰ׷׷˳ȥŮ̿ǰһжֵס׷ײҽţ˷ɶȥ
Ů̿ͣĿͬˣһ޵ɱ
ˣ
һݣһ۾ͱ˳Щαװ١˵Ĵ̿ͣȻһֱԼ׷ŵĺˡ
ϵϢʵϤˡ
Ϸˣ
Ŀһ䣬һУһУһ̣һȺ˾ֻߵʱһΣͻȻ֮
䣬˵ʱ٣ʱ죬һɲһ飬˲Ů̿ǰ
һ죬еĳۣ˿һŮ̿͵Ľ⣬ͬʱһģŮ̿ӲһƣӴŮ̿˲ɳȥ
αòϣңϺ£ÿһζһ벻λá
֮ǰͬÿһγУ˺潻棬ǳ벻λãһȭһָֻһҽЩڿնĺ˷׷ױڵϡ

һʱ䣬ҽڶǽֵʱ򣬶ѡȡĵط֣ڵļٵ͡߻ħҲѵȨ֮ơ
ͣ
Ȼʱͻ
Һƴˣһɣ
һѹõŭͻȻӶ𣬻û巴ӦһģҵȺơ帽ġաͻȻѣȻ˽һʹ̹
һǧޱȣҸһֱűĵĸоҶԷƺѾƵķӦѡʱǡô
ҲòϣһѶ
ˣȴңһΣбɲǶոպɣڵϢʱΪ֮һңԭƳȥ˰ġ
ͣһϴؿڲλѿĽӹѪ⣬һѪ
飡
侪ң͵һĳաɳȥһ·ʮɿ⡣
ӣ
ү
ѪҵѾ߻ȫ
Ҫ
е̫ˣδ߻ħԼӰ죬ԼĻҪ
ָʯסϵѨֹסѪ
ȻˣΣԶûн忰Щ˵ɲǣͻȻ֮䣬һ
ˡɵ
һɬ͸Ũĺ˿ͻȻ֮Ⱥд
Щ˱ܵɲǣһƿڽֵ࣬Ⱥ֮УһǿĿ׺ݣͻȻ˺αװγ䵶߸ߵԾ𣬴Ӹ򣬳ȥ
һ̶ʱڣʮӰϢ磬籩һ㣬Щ˿Լеɱ⡣ХֻǿһۣЩ˹ˣͻˣ߾ˣگˡ
һ񣬾Ȼ˷йȵĺǿע⡣
ѩɽ꣡
Ϊ˴ͻս񣡡
ɱ壬ΪȻʸ𣡡
и߾ʿϧһдۣɱ

һ쳹أһ̣ϵ֮ġ
챨ЩҪ췴ˣ
ˣǷˣǾȻϮ
ΧеȺڶܵ˼ĳ𺳣ֳһƬŻҡ
ȻԶˮȲ˽ʣҪյϲܸȴûжʱˡ
ۿĺ˸״ֵ̬ס֮ǰսѾڵĵ;ڻʹ
Ŀ䣬־أзƽ˫ִ£Ҳɢ֫ٺһȫֿӡ
һĻкǿߴ󲻽⣬ΣķӦеӡֻʼǴܱ߸ĸ֮һղһѰ
һ˶ӵΣܸʲôĴۣҪѴλľ񣬳׸ɱ
ɵ
һɲǣйâ˸ֹâһ㣬Х
Ȼ˵ʱʱ죬ۿҪڴܱ߸ɳĶǿУʱͻ
ˣ
ؼȻһеϢȫʧгǧ򣬺ХµҲ·ֹҸۡжȻһĸо
䣡
ʯ䣬˵ĿУһĽͻȻɽɽէһ֣ǧɣֲĽֱʣҸۡϿտٳһֱĽͨ
ĽϺƵʥէһ֣ؼеĹȻʧɫһĹâ貶Ŀһ㣬˲ȥеĹâ
һ̣˿־鷢ˣضɲĽͻȻϸСĽһֻ˲Ϣ䣬Ľÿһƽ׼һĵĺǿߡ
ۣѪⱬһʵǿĺǿ粼һ㣬ЩĽϵҪǰ󶴴һľ׮׷״Ӱ׹ûأѾϢޡ
飬ҸۡĴǰʮߺߵʬ׷׹ڵأһ
ⳡսıĻҪ죡
սҸۡһƬţһ˫˫Ŀ⿴ЩϢ޵ĺʬ壬һѻȸ
û֪ʲôǵֺĽҲڻɱЩ֮ʧˡ
ֻվڸۡǰ˫֣¶һ˿Цݣƺô¡


1458 ֮ҹ
ǰ
Ժһͷ
£һܹӵնɱǿߣҲֻλ֮Ĵƾˡ
ȻһֱϣҲһֱûйʦͽ֮񣬵Լĵڶʦ
еһλȢȡҹ٣ô飬᲻
ֻʵ̫⣬ʺôǰ֡һͽԼĸ֮ۡС
ոһоΣֽ
ʲôˣͽ
ҲʱͻȻһȴǵͬʱһɲǼ䣬ҴǰɫǹɿֲƷ·Ҫضһ㡣
䣬һֻɫĴ£һЩӹһٵĺĳ촷ۡ
һŭ⣬ʹ֮Ƭض˵Ĳ·Ҫѿһ㡣
ߣ
˺˵һĻлŵĺɫ䣬Ҳ룬Ÿ޶ɢ
ô
һϤеʦаһһ㣬ͻȻܼȺϿӹһǰ
ʦû¡
ͻȻԶʦһɣڳһ
ʦڣǴѶˡ
ӵ
ʱһ߿ĴԶ
ôӣ⵽ô£
ȫô£ֻЦ
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һ׶ģԶһĴ̽ӣһӣһĴŴ۵׶飬ǰһûκε
ֻ忴׶ǰһƥҺɫϵ˴峤¶һ˿Цݡ
һ׶ˡ
ܶ鲢ûбôӣ˴峤а˵ĵ౳ˮ档
Щ˵ĵǴ˼㣬ǾȻαװһ׶һģһĴ̿ŶӣͬʱɳһϮ׶飬·ϵʱ䣬ֱ塣
˴峤а˶λ·ǳӣ˼ʱִⲨΣ
ȻգϾоգһ⣬ֻǵ˵ˣ
Ҹۡǰսĺۼܿ챻ɨĸɸɾճУǹϲٴھʦӡ
óϲӣӣϲǣƣһ·븮ۡףĺȲ
죬֣ŵƽʣϲգһֱҹʦΪԽͯŮĽ϶ֵ
һ֮ͻ
ҹҹ˾ķУͨ
һܰ۵Ϣ
ҡҷĺɫһһˡϲӡ˵ĺͷ£һһ˿ĺɫͷ˫ѩ׵ϡ
ʱһıǶ
Уڿ˵ݡ
һοݳԼǰ١
컵Уٵʹףߴӣ޾ˡ忴ȥʱһƬϼһ˫ƣƺʶĶӰҿݡ
һֱһ˳ᢣʤǧԶǣܰһаŵþĺŮΪĸ֮ý֮ԣĵһ죬ȴʼ޴룬߲ѣɼһһǣģ˺޲ý뻳С
ҹ˭ܿ⽿һ档
ûǰο٣лһĨ˼ֻ˲ʧ
٣ӽҵˣֻҪڣԺʲôҶǿĻܣ
ǰ˫һ΢΢Щֲ֪δŵ˳衣İȫУΨһ顣
仰ƺʲô̧ͷ壬ۿ΢΢ʪ
㣡
һ仰ǧһ񣬳ǧ
У˵Ӱ£һ𣬴ʱʤ
Ȼȴûп˱һ𣬱ɲǣ١еĨͻȻʧȻñ䣬һɭɱһӶţûһй¶
һɲٵͻȻģ࣬ͺɽˮһˮ㡣
ͣ
ɲǣ١һֱۣͻȻ֮仯ɵݺݵزĺġǣ̣ôԵı仯ʱͷˡ
ڼߣҲû˿оͺ١еϢ仯ڣκεй¶
ֹˣ˵ĶϢȫΪһ壬Ȼޱȡ
ǵֱ۾ĺԽԽۿҪڡ١Ľ£һ̴Ҫһ̣ۣһֻǽڷָ޳ƴһѪȻӡ١ĺĶ˳

١һ͵۾ԭΪĵֱҲȻֹ
磡
ģ͵ƿ壬Ĳš
ΪʲôΪʲô
ҡҷ£١һؿڣɫҰޱȣĲ⣬ƺôȻɱ
žϲĺɫʱѪ䡢γԱȡ
롰١𾪡̿֡Ųͬ齱һ壬ȴԵ÷ǳ侲١Ŀ⣬һİ˰㣬ȫû֮ǰ⡣
Ȼ֪ôģͲ٣
建վĿޱȡ
Ļ١ͷҡҷĿڣ͵ٴκ˼ƺܵ˸Ĵ
磬˵ʲôٰѵΪҲǼٵΪҲݿ𣿡
촽͸һľ
ҪϷˡȻ֮ǰЩݿͣҲͬ١֮ǰ֮Բ֣ΪĳУûʶ㡣ֻǲԸԡ١ְˡ
屳˫֣ƽ
ҡ
ɨһܷᣣЩ˿ޣϲԼȼյĺ
û⣬Щ磬Ӧö㴴Ļþɣ
˵ʲô
١ƺΪĻܵ˼𺳡ܿ죬£١ҡͷ˿
ˣķˡҹĻʣһֱչ㣬ҸϷ˺ʹû£һжû¡벻㻳ǼٵҲͰˣȻ綼Ǽٵģǻþ
Ҫװˣòϣľʵƽþ֮УȻľеӰеľʼҾ߶ľͷʵĴк¶ȣôһ硣֪ıƭˡϧ绹ž޴ƾЩƾɣҲһԻң


1459 ף
ɫ䣬˵͵رһƣ磬š١ȥβȫΪ١̲סɫ䡣͵һ֮ǰ󵹻
壬벻ִ֣ҵĻȻ˿á
١룬ŷţ˵ʺ֮ǰͻݵӽȻͬ˻ƣԹ޺ͳӣֱľǿ񱩡ɱ¾Ϣ˼ɵѡ
پԲʣô¡Ȼǰ١Ѿơ
ֻǻһҲףʵʣһӦоС㵽Ǵ￴Ǽٵģ
١壬ЩЪ˹ò仯ԽԽ󣬲ֹʣֻ۾ɫҲ˱仯͸һЩɫ
ǣ𣿡
Ц
򵽾ʦ֮ңûһ¸˾ʦ֥ӱᵽִﾩʦֻգǷҲɲɣ
ˣ
ֻһ仰ʱģ١˵鹹ˣһӴסˣ˾ͺƵƤһİ仰˵
κζģֻԼġ硱Ѿʵ˺ʵĵز
Ȼһ仰ȴȫơû뵽ܹʵĹؼȻ
ľģٵľǼٵġһʵ磬ɲֹ¶ȡʪȡСζô򵥣кܶܶĵطռ䡢롢СӦٱ棬ƣҲһ©ֻ;ġٵģԶǼٵģ
Ȼ
ոɲǣô˲䣬ĲԼ鷿߻ħҹе֮жԼ˯о룬һΡվоЩס
֥ųǧֵʱ弸һеࡣ
ֻʵĻþʵ̫ϡУ̫Ҳ̫ţʵκǿľʿԼڣ̾ΪֹѼһҲܹһΡ
ҵ¶зΧӴľƣ嵽ڶ֪ԷôġȻԽԼּľǿ֮С
һֱܣ岻Ը׵Ĵѧϰ͹۲Ļᡣ
ֱԷơĸס˵ٽ飬αװ٣һ޷̵ġ
û⣬ҵӦûǴ¶ߣһǧ׵ɡ
һ䣬һƽ
ȻȻ
١ȫûĻĻͻȻ
飬ϵһյ°״ɵ񻨲ըѣ꣬Ľǵһ¶ľǽڣǽʼͻȻѿ϶ЩѷԾ˵ٶ䡣
飬ĲԶĺ̴ľӣͻȻ֮ըɷ飬ûκ£һ̰ѸʧڿС
ԽԽĹ鲻Ϸ
Ĵɫϲ˿ޣиֲᣣڵıѩ㣬ѸʧĽǣһյյ۴ϸĴۣ׷Ϩ
ı仯ڼ
һ޴ѷᴩ䣬ķ˺ѣ֮䣬˺ѣһ޴Ĺ۳֮䡣
ɫѺףһž쳯ɣѷĵطеľͼҾ߷׷׷ֽΪϸС΢
ʱ˿̣ڵ鷿Ϊģ۶Լޱߵ磬¡¡һ紫ԭʵͻȻֱļ
ȱľյ̫һ춯صľ죬ҫնʱΪһ򵥵İɫԴҹâԽԽ
ıԵغһ治ݣͬʦԵĳǽҲ
Ļֻ˲Ϣ䣬˳׵ı
ʱ˿̣УеľɫҲѸٱ仯еĶڼŤͺʵϱ˽һ𡣡١ʧǰֻʣ򵥣ԴĿɫ顣
벻Ȼ˿Խ⿪ҵʵξ
д١˼һ̣޾ĺڰϮӿͬһʱ䣬Ҳᵽ˵¶΢ǵĿζ

ҲڴʱСһ͸ʹࡣ
Щ֮ǰûġڡ
ǰһٴλص˵¶С
۵һɲǣ忴ĲԼϢǴխͨǲ֪ʲôʱ򣬳ڵصһۡСľ޴˹ܶС
ĸ֪ΧУһ޴ʯ洹£һʯ·Ȼʬǡ
ЩʬƺǸһ붴еߣǵʬֳưߣܶطѾ෢ڡЩʬǵϷ忴飬İߡ
ЩЩ˵˵ڵأЩվһЩŵڴʲôǵҲǻ޻Цջ鶯ͬΨһͬǣǵգǱʲôԻ˰㡣
ͣ
ͬʱһʹдǰͷֻǿһۣʱ΢䡣
ô᣿
ǰһ˴أ·Ҳ˺ۣһ˺ѡ
˺ۺǸУ˹µĽһģһ
ѵǸܵˣʵҲܵ˺ôܣ
ҲǾĴʦԴĽֱӻǿġԨ硱ҲֻͨشԷûа취ɵͬϡǰһмֱ
ʱֻһϤϢӭ
ھʮԶĵطٴοˡ١
ʱѾܳƺΪˡ
ǰȻУһĴۣͷΣһȻѾ޷״̬ˡ
ʱݿֻƣλаȫͬ
߸Ͳͬһˡ
ΧĵģһжԵùޱȡ
㵽ʲôˣӦ˵㵽ʲô
ͫһ͸ŨŨļɵ
Դӽ¶ߣеһжһ˵ĹС
ûκξʿԷһõľУԱͬ˺Ǹõʵ̫̣̫ʵˡ֪Уľʿܹġ
ֹˣǰͬʱ⴦¶İߣǵõС
ϸ룬ԼѡϥϢխСͨ¸ʲôͨþߡ
ҲԽΪʲôû׷ˡΪ̫ͨС겻һ¡̬


1460 һ壡
֮˵Ϊ岻ȷԷʲôԿ϶ǰ١ʵӡϵĴۣͷϵΣеһģһǸܵġ
仰˵ȻԼشǻص֮󣬶ԷľȻӰԼֻӰ̶ûôˡ
ǲ˼ϣʵ㣬õλʵһУ㲻ϲǸŮǽһѵ㲻𣿡
ҪٿˣľΪһɣˮ뺣һ㣬㡢ңеߣȫһ壬һµ硣ǿµдҪһСǸʵ㲻ѾҿսʤǸţٵе۹촷ۣжȹһǺܺ𣿡
ʱǿƵĴڣٴοˣ͸һȻ
ߣΣȴҵΣôߣɱôˣʲôֻ·һ

ˣû˿ԥһӴ˶Ĺڡ
ǰԼ֮⣬ڵȫξ֮У¿ֻԼܹԸˡ
ոձԼƵ磬ӦԪˣûа취ٽԼ뾫磬Ǹɵʱ
Ȼ嶯֣¶һ˿ɵ
ߣȻˣ
ЦһеľʿмĸʲóսͱȻӴޱȣսֵһᡣ
ǰȻǿޱȣֱԽ֪κһˣǺȻ˵ĽսҲ̫㡣
ϣ̫ˣʶҵΣΪû취𣡼Ȼ㲻ԸҾľǿҺ϶Ϊһ
һ̣û巢𹥻ȶ巢˹
¡
âһ⻷𵴣СĿУһ˫յͻȻǵĿͣȫ˿һ㡣
飡
һ̤߰ԾӸ廢˶ȥϣֻһ󵶽һ߳Ⱥһ㣬˷ˣ

Щͬʱһʮҵߴһ˷ˣ޷ޡֱ𣬶֮䣬Ϊһֻ޴ȭ˹һȭʵʵУɡ
ͬʱ߰߻ţֻգۼ䣬ذΧС
˿ԽУѱ棬ʵУҲԿƶԷʩչԷľѧҲ֮ǰû뵽ġֻһ˲䣬ͷӦ
飬һըʱһ㣬˺Χ֮ǰһ˿΢Сķ϶УֻôһССı仯ȫͬĽ
飬ʧȥӰһ㲻ײһ𡣳жʱһƬҡ
Ȼˣ
ֻ⡣
˿Դ磬Ҳܿ˵ľԶԷչֳȻҲܹϤЩߵѧԲܹһʵչֳ
˽Է书һ£նԷսԼٳӦΪһ壬һ¡ֻôһ΢СĲ࣬Աʱأս鼫ḻĶǿߣ΢СĲ𣬵Ľࡣ
ˣ
û˿ԥкһͷ½ϣһĨ㣬Ȼ֮һŶ˵ȥ
ϣһ̣âһһ·ͬһ׼ĻĽ⡣
Ӵ൱Ȼ˭ҲûռݵϷ磬Ӵȴɿ
飬˫أ˫΢΢ζһ¡
ôܣ
һʯǧˣд˷Ȼоһǿҵ𺳡Ϊּ۽硢ʶٳӦڣҪһ׻Ľ⣬Ǿ׼⣬ǸͲܡ
ֹˣո𶯵ɲǣ˱ֻһʵڵųӿ̶ʱڣ໥ʮ֮ࡣ
Ȼ̧ͷʱ¶һ𺳡
ھʮ⣬һӰվţԭġ١ʧȡ֮ģȴһ塱
һģһݣһģһװֻʺȣһݺغʵ֮ǰʶԷй׼һĻҲסˡ
Ϊû취Ҿ㳹׻ܣ
ġ塱΢΢һЦޱȡ
飡
һ̣ûеȵ֣ġ塱һΣ˶𹥻ͣ˻δֻһƿգڶ塱ָ֮һ
һɫĽޱȣݺύϵĸҪȥɫ΢һЩ⣬Щʡ̶ȣȻһģһ
䣬ֻըʯգԺ֮˶Էػ
벻ֻϺȫͬϾȻôѧ
δ䣬ڶ塱ͻȻģðɹɺֻ̣һ˲ʧС
նݣ
һĻƤǰһĻʵǷ˼
ӵƵǼʶ㣬¼ºʲôܹ˳ϡǰһУʵڳ
Դƾľѧλԭʮѧ֮УŽնǲ֮ǰ⵽ҹϮһ϶ȡģžѧɹҲûжá
ԷȻܹʹϵľѧ½ģ£Ҳ˸еȻο˵ԷʩչĺԼȫһģһ
ͣ
û˿ԥһΣͬʩչնݡα仯̰㣬ȫ޷׽
յͬʱָһͬͶԷĽ֯һ
䣡
˽˲䣬ָΪȭ͵һȭŶݺݺ˹ȥ
һȭ˹ɫ㼯ȭͷɽ㣬һɽۺصζ˵ȭҲӲ٣Եֵ
ʦа˾ʩչЩɫġڳֵʱܹеԼֵɡ
Ȼһ̣һֻһģһɫȭڶ棬ȭͷײһ
ֻһ춯صľ죬ʵͬͬ书ͬսʽͬͬʱԷȭɳȥ


1461 ɣ
ô
ӵվһɲǣɫѿޱȡ
ǰһѾȫ޷ģͣԴѾķ롣֪Լսĵǲࡣ
ԭϻô౦
廹ԷģԼһѧʱһ̣˵ٴڶ
䣬޴ĵ¶ߺȻ𶯣񱩵ϷһĳʯâһޱߺڰĻУͻȻһһâ
ڵڶ塱ܣһһ˳αͬһʱ䣬һɺƴϢա˵һһֹӰͬʱ֡¹Ӱͬʱֵɲǣڶ塱һɷ·ڶǿ
¶ڵ𵴡תǹʧɫ
컯
һû֣ڶ塱ʩչа֮׵ġ컯ϤӰһĶʱˮס
ǰûдﵽ¯ĵزۡնѧϰʱҲ̫̣һǽѧʦа۵ɫȭҲûɣֻǰ塣
ԷʩչԼϵЩѧ˵ֻԽܣвȴǺܴΨ컯ͬ
µһа嵱ԼѡӴ󣬲ҿٶھͻͽڹֶ룬ʵķš
һѧҲŷΪΪ
û뵽ԷȻžѧҲʩչ
⵽ʲô
ޱȡţκ߿ġôòžơңҲδֿԲֱӻľѧ
ʮѧ֮ûһŹӵ
ԣ
ܿ죬ԺеһоЩԡ
ԷģȫڶԶֵģ¡ԷôģԼϵǻ仰˵ǶԷ
һעӶԷƻֺ꣬ǧתƵ˶Էڡ
Ȼˣ
һ̣ǹͻȻ֮¶һ˿׾ЦݡȻϣԷھȻ˺ԼһľҡԼ̫߹֪Ĵˡ
ԷȻ⸴Լ书ʵϸûпôǿ󣬲ĳ̶ֳϣоԷͲ书
飡
һ̣һ̤һ⻷ӽ±ͬʱһţһСȻһΣȻ֮䱩նݣڶԷбλȥ

û˿ԥڶ塱аЦһ֮䣬һͺϣۺϣµľһɴķ
䣬һӴըɳȥ
ڶ塱Цһ˹ͬһʱ䣬򣬱ƵһߣҲ˷ˣ޷޵ĺ״Ӹ
ôһϣĴ
Ȼɫ侲Ŀڣ˿Ϊ飬һģӹΧһɸֺΧ֮ǰȳ˳
ϣһȴΣյĹâеĳ綾һ㵯䣬ƹһֱָڶ塱ѡ
СĺѧЩѧģ
쳹աαòǰһ㡣˺ڶߵĺϹ岻ûкˣȡ
ͣһѪҵսǰܵˣٴ˺ѿ
ٺ٣ϣûʲôҲѧģҵĶ֣
ڶ塱쳹գޱȡĽȫûܵ˼
Ǭ
û˿ԥڶ塱ʩչ˴컯ĵڶǿѧһɰӵǵأɽӽԼ幥ȥ
ȻƺϣĽͣʵûֵĴ㡣
ǬûбƺѾԤһ㣬һʱٶȳź󷽷ȥ
¡
̳ҵըʯһ鴹µʯ׷ײɷ飬ϵİ׹ǺЩԻסߣҲ׷ɡ
Ȼ׼ڴǬǰҪȫˣôס
飬֮У屻Ǭನɨһʧأ¡һײɵϣֱڼӲĶҳһΡķ۳ʯϴ׹
ǬȻʩչֵز
һӿѪаؿڱˣټϴǬĳ˲١ĵһʹ߻ħûкãټϽսƸˡ
ˣĿڣ˿ûܵܡ
ˣھֻʣһˡ
忴ǰĵڶ塱а

һ̤ݶȻٴηһӴڱǹϢȻҲǴ컯
һɲǣ¶ͬϢ
Сϣǿ˭Ĵ
ڶ塱ӹһ˿Ĺâû˿ԥһըһǿĻµأɽҵشϱ
䣬ֻâһڶ塱󷢶͵ڿնڰУΧĿŤһӴĻڲţۿҪɽҽһ緢
ڵ״һУ²ҲҪˡ
ɹˣ
ԤϣԷУأƾ˵ӣ岻ϲ
ˣǸոĴ컯Ϣһ˲ȫɢȥһݣˣ͵ײһУͶڶ塱˾롣
ţ
һĻеĵڶ塱һȻ֮ǰһ޻صƺڵı֣ȫ޷ϵͬһϡûȵڶ塱Ӧо˶
ˣ
ڶ塱ɫ΢䣬ûӦһҵĽʹȫԭưͬڵľһɲͻȻһƬҡոĴҲ˲
ۣ
ڶ塱͵һѪһ
Ȼˣ
ʮ׵ĶУ忴һĻжһ˿âû˿ԥڵڶ塱׹ɲǣڷ
һΣ˲ʩչնݡھߵʱ˳ץһѳ۵һ˽һĴ̴ڶ塱塣
ɲǼ䣬սеһжȻֹЩǶֹͣ˶ڣͺʱ䶨˰㡣


1462 
ô
ӵվһɲǣɫѿޱȡ
ǰһѾȫ޷ģͣԴѾķ롣֪Լսĵǲࡣ
ԭϻô౦
廹ԷģԼһѧʱһ̣˵ٴڶ
䣬޴ĵ¶ߺȻ𶯣񱩵ϷһĳʯâһޱߺڰĻУͻȻһһâ
ڵڶ塱ܣһһ˳αͬһʱ䣬һɺƴϢա˵һһֹӰͬʱ֡¹Ӱͬʱֵɲǣڶ塱һɷ·ڶǿ
¶ڵ𵴡תǹʧɫ
컯
һû֣ڶ塱ʩչа֮׵ġ컯ϤӰһĶʱˮס
ǰûдﵽ¯ĵزۡնѧϰʱҲ̫̣һǽѧʦа۵ɫȭҲûɣֻǰ塣
ԷʩչԼϵЩѧ˵ֻԽܣвȴǺܴΨ컯ͬ
µһа嵱ԼѡӴ󣬲ҿٶھͻͽڹֶ룬ʵķš
һѧҲŷΪΪ
û뵽ԷȻžѧҲʩչ
⵽ʲô
ޱȡţκ߿ġôòžơңҲδֿԲֱӻľѧ
ʮѧ֮ûһŹӵ
ԣ
ܿ죬ԺеһоЩԡ
ԷģȫڶԶֵģ¡ԷôģԼϵǻ仰˵ǶԷ
һעӶԷƻֺ꣬ǧתƵ˶Էڡ
Ȼˣ
һ̣ǹͻȻ֮¶һ˿׾ЦݡȻϣԷھȻ˺ԼһľҡԼ̫߹֪Ĵˡ
ԷȻ⸴Լ书ʵϸûпôǿ󣬲ĳ̶ֳϣоԷͲ书
飡
һ̣һ̤һ⻷ӽ±ͬʱһţһСȻһΣȻ֮䱩նݣڶԷбλȥ

û˿ԥڶ塱аЦһ֮䣬һͺϣۺϣµľһɴķ
䣬һӴըɳȥ
ڶ塱Цһ˹ͬһʱ䣬򣬱ƵһߣҲ˷ˣ޷޵ĺ״Ӹ
ôһϣĴ
Ȼɫ侲Ŀڣ˿Ϊ飬һģӹΧһɸֺΧ֮ǰȳ˳
ϣһȴΣյĹâеĳ綾һ㵯䣬ƹһֱָڶ塱ѡ
СĺѧЩѧģ
쳹աαòǰһ㡣˺ڶߵĺϹ岻ûкˣȡ
ͣһѪҵսǰܵˣٴ˺ѿ
ٺ٣ϣûʲôҲѧģҵĶ֣
ڶ塱쳹գޱȡĽȫûܵ˼
Ǭ
û˿ԥڶ塱ʩչ˴컯ĵڶǿѧһɰӵǵأɽӽԼ幥ȥ
ȻƺϣĽͣʵûֵĴ㡣
ǬûбƺѾԤһ㣬һʱٶȳź󷽷ȥ
¡
̳ҵըʯһ鴹µʯ׷ײɷ飬ϵİ׹ǺЩԻסߣҲ׷ɡ
Ȼ׼ڴǬǰҪȫˣôס
飬֮У屻Ǭನɨһʧأ¡һײɵϣֱڼӲĶҳһΡķ۳ʯϴ׹
ǬȻʩչֵز
һӿѪаؿڱˣټϴǬĳ˲١ĵһʹ߻ħûкãټϽսƸˡ
ˣĿڣ˿ûܵܡ
ˣھֻʣһˡ
忴ǰĵڶ塱а

һ̤ݶȻٴηһӴڱǹϢȻҲǴ컯
һɲǣ¶ͬϢ
Сϣǿ˭Ĵ
ڶ塱ӹһ˿Ĺâû˿ԥһըһǿĻµأɽҵشϱ
䣬ֻâһڶ塱󷢶͵ڿնڰУΧĿŤһӴĻڲţۿҪɽҽһ緢
ڵ״һУ²ҲҪˡ
ɹˣ
ԤϣԷУأƾ˵ӣ岻ϲ
ˣǸոĴ컯Ϣһ˲ȫɢȥһݣˣ͵ײһУͶڶ塱˾롣
ţ
һĻеĵڶ塱һȻ֮ǰһ޻صƺڵı֣ȫ޷ϵͬһϡûȵڶ塱Ӧо˶
ˣ
ڶ塱ɫ΢䣬ûӦһҵĽʹȫԭưͬڵľһɲͻȻһƬҡոĴҲ˲
ۣ
ڶ塱͵һѪһ
Ȼˣ
ʮ׵ĶУ忴һĻжһ˿âû˿ԥڵڶ塱׹ɲǣڷ
һΣ˲ʩչնݡھߵʱ˳ץһѳ۵һ˽һĴ̴ڶ塱塣
ɲǼ䣬սеһжȻֹЩǶֹͣ˶ڣͺʱ䶨˰㡣


1463 ж񱨣
䣡
Уֻûգҵĳţײನ˵ľ硣
ͷδ֪֮սҲһɲﵽȻĵز뷴֣뷴ᣬռ뷴ռݡ
ⳡսУ˶ʹȫȻԶԶԷֵ֪ܵסԷľԼľҪͷᣬԶڵصˡ
ҵ壬Ϳûˣ
ľķţȻʵԷĹ֮ͣͷȣй֮޲
ھУ˵սǳҡžսİջ˵ļҲľһ
˼˼Ȼӵ˵ļ䣡ԣȫ㣬һȻӵȫͬôܻ顣
ףԣȻһ䣬ôܡ
һǵһοһϣȻôܣҵҪ㵽׻ʲô
δ֪쳹գһνԼУֻõļ䣬书ѧս顣
һΣ㵽ЩҪܡ
ÿ˶ӵǿҵķһԼϢѡЩҪļ䣬Ժ
Щ֮ܶǰ֪ġ
Ȼ̽ԺܣͷʱĹо𾪡
ϵѾԽһ˾Ȼӵֽ֣Ȼͬȫóȥȡ
Ҳûмʶ
û˿ԥͷǿ˹ɽͰӴѹ˷強ѹͷĹ£ڽڰˣȫ֧
һжֳɣ
ǹķ쳹ء
ûκֵܹȥУδҲУѾ屻ռݵӡ࣬ȫ־ڱصá
ָоǰصϣпӵܡ
Ȼͷ޲֪űľ޴Σգȴʼձ򶨣Ҳͣصֿڶվʼû¶ҵɫ
ǡǡ෴˫һĹâ
ߵ棬ڳܹϳ黹Ϣ͸֮Դı֡
ˣ
ͷʱһͻȻԺ
ⳡսԶûн㻹˵̫ˣ
δ䣬ͷĽԼ޿ײľ񹥻˲Ϣ֮䣬Ȼֹ
ôܣô֪
ǹ޵еһ͸¶һ˿ҡ
κζӦþ˰ɣ
޴ĶУֱʳжָһźɫӡĶ棬ͷ׶ߵˮһĹһƿ
ֻһ˲䣬ͷѾʬֳ룬ص£һڵϣɳ
һЩۻİ׹ǣʱҵ÷˳ȥ
ͷﵹµʬУȻɼĲλһǺɫһСĿӶ
ûκһ֮󣬻ܹ־ûƾľ˰ɣ
㲻Ҫ˵˵ֻԼĲ²⣬ٵǿӣҲһռ
𣿡
Цһû˿ԥ͵һָǿźɫϣָͬʱľҲֳһɣصĺϡ

ɲǼ䣬ֻһĲҺͷʶ鴤
ⳡսǰһֱռϷ磬һ̣ľʶش
ܹоԼԺڵľҲҵĳ鴤ţšƺоһɼȵʹࡣ
ƴȫķײպ͵ɱûֺܹôָһ֮ǧٴεľɵ˺ҪӴöࡣ
ֻôһ£֪Լжûг
֮ԴܹܵõԷϵʦа˸ģҲֹһθܵԵ֮Դ磬ͷʧȥʬϻķӦ֪Ǿͷ޵
ͷ޵ľӴóԽߵļޣ嶼Ķ֡ȴԶûô
ҵҪôռҵ
ȻһЦû˿ԥһָݺݵصϡ

ľУֹٴηһĲҺӴľͬˮһԺһ̣ȴ˳㼱šÿȥܸ̽оľڼ˥
ұ֮ǰ˥ĻҪ
⣬һָı仯Զֹˡ
ͷƾ֮ǰƭ磬ʹԼ֮佨һؾŽӡ޵ľܴʱ֣֪ʲôԭ򣬹ϾȻһ־ܻ⡢Դ״̬Ȼͬˮһ㣬ӿԼԺ
ľͬһչˮǴߣֻôһľͲָԭ״̬
ô£
仯Ϊ⣬΢һ˼⣬Ӧ
ߣͽжж񱨣֮ǰҵʶһӣҪҵҲӲˣ
ڣһ֮ıǼʹ٣ҲȻʹԼ˳ᣬǿռ塣ǷҲͨʩá
˾һϵ죬˨һ
޵ľʱЩɢݵľƮɢУһľͨӿ뵽ʶ֮У׳ʶ;
ôҪҪҴˣſңҲٶˣһǾˮˮ
޵͸һ˿̼
ˣɣʱ㻹Ŷ𣿡
ЦһʱһʱССĵָ̽ͷʵڣԲԼ˵㣬Ѿɲˡ
㲻Ҫ̫⣬ϣͬھ
޵ͻȻ˻ӣĻ˲伤ڵһͷͻȻ֮ƴȫȫľȥ
飡
ʯ䣬һָɽ֮أûͷϣ֮ǰͬһָĳ棬̺Ӵľֻһڲͷ죬ֱѵļ
ôİ
ֻһĴУԭ糱ˮ㳯ʶ־˲Ϣ֮䣬ش죬ķѣֱûкʶײڲҽлǧɣҷ
һָ⵽شͬʱҲشʶⳡʵսʱҵ˶׸ա
ͷʶ˲߽⣬ЩľҲԭԴľ糱ˮһ㣬˵ӣԺ֮СһͬӿģһЩԶģһַļ䡣


1464 Զż䣡
һ޾忴һƬڰĴϣϢӰ´£ڡԼܼҵĽսһ
ÿһӵԶ۹󽫼Ϊڴƺߣȴ顣ŭţҵսţǧĲͬѧĹâнײһһĺ쳹ء
忴òУȴҲԷֱóЩ˸߹ڲһŴװ磬͸ԶϢԺڵ˽Ȼͬ
ܲ£һܣŨһ˸˹ϵսֳɺڻɫаܲдһ岻ʶģ׭Ҫϵ֡
ϣ
ɣһŻɫ۵ߣͻȻνָ죬߿쳹ʣ
Ϊ˻Ƶۣ
䣡
仰磬꣬һɲǣȻ֮ʲô
¹֮ս
ûȻһ£ĿáһǧǰΪԻͣΪ貣Ϊ񻰵һ
ǹŴһΪħս
ȻһսΪʷΰսͬͬһһЩȵ֣ԼһЩǸʱǳսֻƬצݣȫû˺嫵ʷ֮Уһʱĳ֮С
ĳЩֱӱΪԶﴫ丽񻰴˵
ûȻһ£͸ͷҰ̽ⳡΰսһ硣
ȻҪһ̽̽ⳡսʱһ̣ǰһ֮ǰĻʧ
ܿ죬ͿһĻ档ڡԼΧϹǿͬħһ˴˻˺ɱл磬ȫɥʧǡһǿϹǿߣڡԼǰͬľ׮㲻ϵ¡
ڼҵսУȴûһע⵽Լÿ˶ԼΪͬࡣ
ǾƣԼ仯˵ѣ
а
ͷҶԱ仯Σģ¶ԷԼԷһѾᡣԼľѾԶˣһУ˵ˡ
滹ڼսϣԽԽ˺ɱϵĵڡԼΧһ̣оԼƺЩ˷ܡ
ɱ¾ϵļ֧ļ䣬ϵĳԺСȻһƬ޾ĺڰϮ
ͷ̫Σˡ
ڰУͻȻһԺʹƲͬȴˡ
ԭͷޣ
жʱһƬȻһ֪ͷ޵ݡҲͻȻ֮ףΪʲôӵǿľˡΪ֯ĸǻþξ
ҪɱҪȻһΪ
ľ̫ǿˣǸû˿Եֵңͷûǣ޷סԼ
˰ɣϾǺͱһ𳤴ġ
޵Զ࣬ڵʱܹѡǧ󣬱²ڣʲôֹܹǽһƽ١ЩɱĽʿΪЩɱĽʿֹ
ΪЩɱĽʿֹ
ΪЩɱĽʿֹɱޣ

һĴ쳹ؿա
ܿ죬е˲Ϣȥһ̣ΧһƬƽ忴޼еһĻ档һӵĴеһжһʵӰӡ
ڴ忴һɽͰΰӰŻۣŵĸ߹ڡڴ￴λǷ֪ΪʲôӿЩ˸С
ҲòôϣܹԭҡҲΨһܹȫİ취һ죬ҵһƵˡʱһң
϶ڡԼл죬һ̵ġԼƶǶһ仰ԼʲôҲûס
Ϲִȫװ߾Żѳ˴ȻԼһԡ
һ޴ĿӶ
Զķӡ֮أ㽫Զڵ£
Ϊ׵
һ̣һ޴Ӱ˵¡Ȼ޾ĺڰͱȻ󡭡ûȻˡкüΣڵصжĿֵǴӶ
Σʵǿ뿪ġǿžͷӶϷǵϵģϤľ޴ӡֳˡ
ӡģʲôĲɴȵһӡǸˡ
ӡġ
ԭ⴦ӶͲǴɾھģھ⴦ӶģȻǻƵۡӡģͬҲǻƵۣ
һɲǣд˷˵ĸо
ͷ޵ļƺʼƵĳܵϵһʼû뵽ġ
֮ģͷڵص׳ǧ䡣û˿Ĺ¶ͼįˣҲˡڳǧʱڴŭʹҲһһε뿪
ÿһζھ޴ӶˣǵϤķӡǰˡ
ڰļһֱǸſӶ
ȴˣڰ˰֣ػҳŵȻȵҪȵˣǵԼ
ڰдǸ˵ºͣһɸοĵ
޵һȶȻޱĵȴ
ԭǴɾģ
Ȼ
⴦ϹʱĴ󣬳Ϊ˻Ƶ۷ӡ޵ĵطվֱɾҵΪĶػޡ׺ɣ½سƣĴѱ仯ɽͺͻĮͷȴȻڵص׵ȴš
һɲǣΪƵ۵ĹϵͷЩͬ顣ֻһɲǣʧˡ
¶ڣʬǰû⣬ȫͷϹ޵С
ҲǾȡˡ
Ȼ
ˣ
õ޵ľעľˮǴߣ̶ֻʱ䣬ʹﵽһ˵ĵز޵ľǿţرǻǧʱɾǺƺޱȡ
ΪĿƾޣ޵ľĸ߶ȣ߶󼰺ġ
һֶһˣ޾ĸо
ˣ
ֻϢ䣬ľͻԭеԭĻһɣȻɣɡ̶ֻʱڣ壬һ֮С
̫ǿˣţ
Դ߻ħ廹ǵһθܵ־ΥĿС
ĿкĿȫͬ־񡣲ֹˣõ޾ܿоԼľﵽһƿ
һεϣڴ֮ǰ֪ϵĴڡ
ԭһҲһ΢㣬߾Ĵڣ
һɲ帣飬һ
ھ󲿷˵ֻж٣ǿ֣֮ûʲôر𾳽˵ΪͬǲɴġǾһ̣ͻȻף޵Լڴ˶ھʿ˵ľ硣
ֻҪƿԼľͿ̥ǣߵһؾ硣


1465 ˵Ĺ켣
䣡
û˿ԥſȫɢݵģԴľͬԼľһһƬХĿΰ㣬ǵأɽεϣصĺȥ
һΣΣΡһԽԽܼǿԽԽĺһ̣һ춯صľ죬Ժ֮кȻһ綼·ֹ
㾲ûһ·ֻһɲǣֺ͡ڡ
ͺƿըѣͻεľϣͻȻ֮ȻѡǰģԭѾֹͣľʱˮ͸йٴμ
ﵽ㣬ʱʱ䣬¡ڴе鷢ˣԭľͻȻݣѸήԭһɲԭľܶȴǿֹ
Ժ۳һŽӴСİɫ΢
һ̣жȻһɲ
ģ
Ǿʵʻı֡
δ࣬޷ľȻһַʽԼʵͻȻ񲻿ʾġҲһزɴƵɺϡ
֮ľͺһ
һƣǾζ޵ĿܣζſһĽȻп޷ﵽֵزζһµء
¡
ľѾֹͣݣʵʻ֮󣬾ȻٴαǡֻһգۣԭһҪ
ҵľ
ʱдһ΢
һָش޵ˣʹʵȴû
˾ֻҪ˻ڣͲֻҪԸ⣬ҲǷַӵ顣
ǺǣֵزˣΪ㻹л𣿡
嵭
ʧȥֱҪˣڵֻһ׵ĸѡ޵ľȷʵӴľ㱩ǵԭıȻûȫеǡǡ෴廹ֱ͸С
Ӧþҵļˣڳ֮ǰˡ
尵һ
˺вģ£˵ǿҲǿùϻھͬˡľޣṹ಻ܹͬﵽߵľ磬һҲԱġ
ˣ
һָһСİɫâȴκεǴɾ۶ɵ
ˣ
ָںɫһ㣬һ̣һʵʻľɵľӡ޵ϡ
ֻâһɲǼ䣬ɫ޹⣬еϢӡ档
ϲϹޣʮ㣡
ͬһʱ䣬֮ʯϤڶ
üһдΪ⣬ֻյɱ޿Եõ㽱ʾȴû뵽ɱͷҲܵõô㽱
ͬʱȴ֪֮ʯɲǣ֮Ѿӡ޻һƺоʲôķһ𾪵ĺУ
⡭ǵϢôܣΪʲôϻкͬϢѵ
ѵҪȵ˾ǡ
һɲ޵ӹ뷨
һ죬ҵһƵˡʱһң
ȴˣڰ˰֣ػҳŵȻȵҪȵˣǵԼ

ʯ䣬Ҫ˶˵ĻԺһɲǣ޷·ʲôȻоһǰδе𾪡һⷬʱΪֻҪȴʱ䣬Ȼȴȴİꡣ
ڶⷬʱΪԼֻҪȴ˰꣬ȴ˽ǧ꣬ȻûеԤԵǸˡԹߣޣҷɱ¾
һɲͻȻףǸ˵һֱǰ˰󣬶ֻҪȴ˰꣬һʼԼˡ
ԭ
һɲǣзĺУȻеˣǵӡֹӡʶҲʹȫ޷ȥ
Ȼεʹ಻ͺУ嶼ȫˣһգͷĵط

ҲʱһӶдѭȥֻ˷һΣڶлԵ߷׷ѡ
ǡô£
ҼǵҲǻصô
ͷۣ׷ʲô
Ѿõ˴ɹΪµһˣôֻص
һߴӵһվãĿܣȻûд޵ѹ
쵰һڵˣΪʲôߣһܵʱֽţ
ԩ·խܵòõɹȸɵڵˣ

ʼûдлعǺܿ죬罥䣬֮кܿݱ֮以ĵط
һɹ˸Ÿɵˣ˴֮йڵĲû޵Ĵڣ֮ĶԹɱĸˮ棬Լεģûˡ
ԹۣһĻаҡҡͷеִ߱ǳŴɹģڣɹ·ûˣ˶˳ɱ֮С
쿴а۵ĵӣ
˷塣
ʱаԳ֣Ը桢Ԫһˣ˲֪˲
ħа˵ö֮һָɵ
һЩĿ¶׹⣬ס˶е塣
ѣ˶ע⵽а۵ĵӡ
а۲ߣһǷֿˣҲҪ£һɵ
˸Ź
ϣ
ֻһ󵶽գۼ䣬д߰γ׼塣
аΪ֣˲֪˲ֶĿֲͳ£а۵䵥ŹеĻᡣ
ɱ
ɵСħͷȻ־Ҫݣ
һĿ¶׹⣬׷׳Ծȥûг嵽ߣȺȻ֮ͣ
ʲô
һȺע⵽ˣ²Զͷ׶ߵʬ塣
޵׶֮Уÿһ˶ıģǾ޴ԼΣ̾뵽֮ǰͷôҲޡ
һɲǣ˷·ʲô
ǣ
һ˫˫Ŀ⿴еѪĽԼʳʬ壬鸴ޱȣȫ˵
ܳĶǱȻ֮Գδ֪ξ֮Упܶͷ޵Ĺ͡
ԹۣЦѾţ֮ŰЩ˴޵Ŀ½ѳҪЩѾ£ǲǻ֡
һɲǣնȻ΢


1466 춾˿
˲ɷŲĿҺӴ
ʲôаӣһа۵ͽԹаѵǻҪа˽ɣҶһϣɵֻҪɽ֪ɱаͽҲˣ
ͻȻһһ߶Ȼǰ˴ȵ
˵Ķԣħа˵ö֮һϣ
ǰӦ
ס֣
ûЩ˳֣һʵ׵߿ȥǰǰ
аɣɣٶҪһԹλӶжǻε޶硣
˵Ĳ֮ܶ𱨣˭Ҷλӳ֣һӦ
ɷԹλӳ֣ȹ˵
ͬЩһҲ̫Ҫ˰ɣҶȥǳΪ飡
ɣ
һ˳ͷ˲Ϣ䣬ԽԽվ˳ǰǰ
ǣǷˣ
ô˾Ȼһаˣֱ
ԽԽվ壬һɲǣͬɫ䣬͸һ˿ҡȻǰǸûϵġ
Ȥ
У屾Ѿ˳ֵ׼ݱЩԤϡ
Ҳûкִڹͬ˱ȺذΧʱһݣ˵עԼϣͬһḬ̃㣬ѸһУʧ
ҸطúõϢˣ
һߣһ߰
޽֣Ȼ˲ٵջ񣬵սȴ޿ɱģҪҸطϢһ
һûκεĴţԼСյĹָ֮һԶȥݵͬʱˣһɢһְ㣬˷ĶӶȥ
һսջǾľԭһɢȥڵ¶̽飬ͻܵ޴ڵľãѸɢǾʵʻ֮ľֿڵ¶֮̽顣
ȻڵرһɵʹãҾ̽ķΧҲܳһǧף˵ѾǼĽˡ
ˣ
ľ֮һݺύṹӵĶߣԺеӳټϻĸã⴦¶ߵ˽⣬ӡ
ֻɲǼ䣬ڶʧ

Ŀ͸شأص¶һǧ׵ĵرɱޣŶȥʱ򣬵رĴޱػǣͬһɧ
ˣã޾Ȼɱˣ
һػͻȻڵ
ʲô
ⷬ˴Ϊ𾪣һӦǲš
ܣϹ޵ľӴޱȣκ߶޷ģڱξҲȥ
޿ϹŻƵʱǿƵ۶ûɱ˵ˣǽ޺棬Ǹ޳ѨҲҪ޵һԽͨͨôܷޱˣֱǻ
ǲŪˣ
˷׷׿ڵ
ޱ֮УӵĹ壬ЩͻأǶ׿л֮Уǡǡµġ
ɾµ̸ոˣýͭ죬̾飡
ػߵ˵ʱ򣬶ͷ亹ֱ
䣡
仰һ׻˵
ˣ
Ƕţһɲǣÿ˶ܵǰδеľ޴
꣡
ʱһǽڵĴ촫УѸ˵ע⡣
ˣ
ѭȥǵϤӰһݡ
ûɱޣһǸа۵ĵӣƵģҲһɣ
վǰĴɫҧгݣĿбһǿҵɱ
ΣһҪɵǸа۵ӣԼн붴֮еߣ
δ䣬һ˦һ㣬ž޴ĿӶ׹ȥ˵ҲüৣһһȺϢǿĴػ߷׷ž޴ĿӶڱڣȥ
˲ͬ⴦Ӷʱеɣ߰ԪһˣСЩػߣȴûа˼ɣǵĶ죬ޱܻ䣬ֻڶһһ̽Ծ˵ٶȳſӶײȥ˲Ϣʧ˺ڰ֮С

ٺ٣ȫ𣿡
еĴػʧ󲻾ãâһڴһֵ¹ͻȻ˿Ӷߡƿϣȳ֣¹һվҲŷ
ˣغˡ
Ϊ׵Ķ˿ڵ¹зǳľη
ǺǣѾûʲôҵˣոսӵ˹ҵǲܸκδۣһҪõǼڶеЩߣֵøһΰǰǼˡĴڲӦ÷˵֪Щͨͨ
¹г
Ӵ˵ǲ
󷽵˿һ㶼⣬Ѿ֪ˡ
ˣոȫɵǣΪʲôҪֹǣǳ֣
Ϊ׵Ķ˵
ߣɱ˭ᣬɱ˻ûǴ·ԶҵǼ߰ɣҪʱˣ
һ䣬ʵֲ¹һ˸ž޴Ӷڶȥ
ԥһ£Ҳܿʧ档

Ӧþˣ
֮Уһ·ݣ̽鵽Ķ߽ṹ޵ļ䲻غϣٳǰȥ
ڵص˼ʱ䣬ڵص׵Ķ߽ṹָƣȻɾҲûиɹ˵޵ļѾָṩܴİˡ
һ·ǰԼǧ֮Χķ֧ԽԽ٣Ҳû֮ǰôӣ֪ԼҶԷˡҪǣľȻ֣ǰһ޴Ķߣģƺ޾·Ҳƺ˾ͷ
ȥ
һӿٶȣŵص׵Ƭ޴ռȥֻһգۣӶд뵽⴦޴Ŀռ֮С
У
Ȼû忴ΧĶһ̣һ˻һɫĶǵأɽӭ
ģУɫĶУһϸ˿
Щ˿ϸ緢˿Ҳޱȣƺһͻ۶ϡоЩϸ˿ȻȴƥΣޱȡôһɲоԼͷƤڷըҲŵһǿҵϢ


1467 о
ã
жʱһּ䲻ĸоΪﵽֵز۹󽫵͵ϮΣѵĸоϸ˿Σճ̶ȿ֪
ţ
ȥĿ죬صĸ죬ûȵЩ˿߷俪һţԱʱٶȵء
Сģ
һͻȻӶߴҲʱ͵һѲӶд
ǰһͷľӨϸ˿Ժ֮絴һ̣²ѿͬһʱ䣬ۣѿ£һ˿ĺɫϸۡ
ȻһѪ罦ܿ죬ѪͻȻתɫ˵Ĺ졣
ж
һӦڵʵǾ綾Ҳᱻֵҷ
ֶ˿ŸոпԼֱۣѪҺͱ˶ĵɫȻԶͨľ綾ô򵥡
Ѿʼоˣ⵽ʲôȻֵס
尵ľ
ޱؼֱǲģ浽ޡޣٵⲻ֪ĶÿһΣյܹء
˿ߵķ̶ԼոշӦ죬һֶߣѾ˿гˡ
޴ĿռǹĶǿµĶ˿ȴ˲ʧ
΢΢İץʱơͻȻһŸոСġķѰȥ
ھ벻Զһطҵˡ
㣿
ڶ⣬ǽڣ̣Ϣٵӣüͷһ£Ϊ⡣ǳԼˣһۣǱˣɽǵӡ
ֻǣǸԼڸǰָ㽭ɽһâӣʱȴжѾԶˡ
ô㣿
ͬʱҲ̧Ƥ塣˿޾ɣϢҲ΢˼㣬Ȼ״̬áվǰ壬жһ£һЩ
ӡҲЩԵˡ
ҲûϵԼȻһٴκ
ԩ·խҪ֣Ͷְɣ
ӵһ˵ţһߴͷ­Ȼ϶ᱨһ֮
Ȼȴģȴһŵҩ
û˿ԥӻȡһŰĵҩɷ˵ӵ
ǹ͢εĽⶾʮƽһöӦÿʱֹסĶء
嵭һ˵ţһ߸Լһš
ֶ˿еĶԱԼеĻҪôһѾо΢΢Щˡٲ취ⶾ´Ķˡ
棬ײǹ͢ƵĵҩöⶾȥڵĶ˲١
ôǰ治ʵӦùһذɣ
嵭һ˵ţһһưϵҪѨӿڣڵĶء
õİӵɫȻ࣬ϵɫۿɼٶȲȥĹϾ̫ǳԶûôڵľ綾һʱỹȫ⿪
벻¼㣡ɹųµһǧҲѵϣȻⳡʢ磬Ҳ
ֻû뵽Ȼ￴ϹŵӰ롣Ϊ˱ңҲֻ°ȥӵĻѾڴˡ
ӿɫӡǰһڵ϶һȴ
Ӱ룿
üͷһһ˿ɻɫ
ûңӵĻͷȻԼͬһʱ
ֻЩ⣬ӾȻֶ֪
ô֪ͷģ
忪ڵ
¾ԴСȺ飬ԼΪ㷺ҲеһϹ־Ҳǵֻû뵽ϹŵӰȻģ
˵ʱ͸һ˿ε𾪡
ֶ³Ķ˿ϸ緢ұȸ˿Ҫ͡˵˿ƥ౦Ķ˿Ҳܱ׵гΣ˿ˮ֣һ˷ֺû
ֹˣĶԼǿʲôߣҲжôۺԵֵΪ˿ϵĶԲű°ȥ
ӵϲ¶һ˿˸еɫ
˼ӾȻͷڵĶ˽⣬ʵǸջ
㿴ǱУмضԸͷİ취
ʵ
ôף
ҡͷЦбڶϣ·þ
ӿʼڣѾ߱ͷ°ȥвɽеĶ֣
Ϊһвȱͨߣܹһ·ͨصĻִﵽѾǼΪˡ
ӲңҲܻ뿪ˣ㻹ǸϽ뿪ɣͷײ뿪ĳѨһ֣һоȫһԾ裬ڲ֪Էʵǰһعһ뿪ԼĳѨʱһоˡ
ӱ۾૵
һͨˣûб˵İǲܻ뿪ġôյĵط˵ӽޱؿʼľҲӳõʱ̣ڵ˶ѡ
û˵Ժ˲Ϣͷ
Ȼ֪Ӿ徭ʲôҪ׷ǾԲܵġ
䣡
뵽һ̣û˿ԥһһɰľƿնǰͷϹӰĳѨ̽ȥ
ϣľŸոɢȥûжãһε谭
Ȼˣ
΢ɲĵ˵ͷƺԤϵһĻ
ǲ赲ǰϣǱģǶĴɫҲǵһ
ĶȻԼľһĵֿ͸
֮ǰ֮ԻһͷԽȥǶĵΪԭ
㶾ڷɢԾĸҲԶûдﵽôǿһľˮкһ㣬͸ɫĶǿ̽˽ȥ
ܿ죬ڵΣ۵ס
׼ǿڵʵΣ廹ǲܵ˺ܴ𶯡
һΪ޴ĵص׿ռ䣬֮֮ǰ޶߻ҪӴ
ߵ룬忴һüΪӴĹù˺ϱ֮ʮߡϣһ㣬֦
һľͬŹûκε֦Ҷֻ鲼İɫ˿һѩһ㸲סôһ˿洹·һ㣬ޱȡ
Ŀģһ֦ҵľ޴˿롣
ֻǿһۣףǾ޴˿ʲô
ߣ


1468 ӵȰ棡
ĿǾ޴˿ȻŸɵߣȫֱͦͦģáһЩȻŸոձã廹ڳ鴤Ťţھ綾£ȻѾ֧Ų˶ˡ
ѾӹѨϸȥþ޴Ĺϣ飬ŵļ״֮ࡣ
˻
Ҳ̽ߵʱͻȻ֮䣬һϸŵļ˻ǿҵľζӶд
Ҳǿþ޴Ĺ£ܵһӴľ񲨶
ţ
˵ǿײֻ׸ߵȻҲɳһһֻ֩룬ͷϾȻӵʮ۾
²ϵɫŨɫŨ̾Ǵϲðġ
ҵ̽ȥʱֻӰ뻹һ߾Ĵ壬һߺɴһϵһߣðɫ˿һķ·Ӱ

ʯ䣬һͷԺʱӦӰǰǸܾܿߺϲ뽹ϵ

һɱ¾ƴ컯׼
ȻͷķӦĻҪöࡣ
ͣ
ֻһ˲Ϣ䣬һӨ͸ϸ緢˿˿Ӷڵֱ塣
Σգ
û˿ףʱоһǿҵΣոС
͵رУһһƿնǸ˿ȥͬһʱ䣬һץסӵҼһѽ˿ȥ
䣡
˵ɲǣʮɫ˿Ӷڵұϡ
Щ˿صһҪӲʯ׷׷顣мұϵ
Ծģո
ǰڻ˿ʱ򣬾ȻֽƬһзֳ룬ҷѲ졣
÷˿
аԾۻޱȣǸҲŤ黨
ССһ˿ֻ˿ϸȻּܽǿпҲǵһ
ûõģӰ˿ȽջҪ͡ܣȱҪխͨУǸսʤ
ʱһֱߣӲ֪ʲôʱ˵ˡ
𣿡
üͷһ壬Ŀȴ˿Ķҡû֣䣬ǾԲܵģ򲻴ùԹ˵
СģֻҪˣ
ͻȻڵ
˵ʱԶİɫ˿ͻȻĲܿ˶˻˻ֻһգۣ߿ڣâһͷߵӰ룬ԺӴȫٶȣŰɫ˿
ͷ­Ÿո¶һأʮӨ͸˿ٴγ
ͨխǰɫ˿ּ죬ۿ˾Ҫ˿Уһ̣䣬˿󣬽߶һ֡
ӣԺ֮һ֧֮С
飡
ͬʱâһӶܵķ֧Уһ޴ʯţХʯһ㣬Űɫ˿ϵӰȥ
һ飬飬顣ʮʯдСǷţԾ˵ٶ˹ȥ
ȻЩʯŲոշɳɣͱһ˿У׷֧Ӱ׹
ȻӰ뽫Щʯʱһ̹Ӱһʯ󷽣һɰնɵĳ೤׳磬ӰͶȥ
ֹˣֻһ̶Хƥɱ¾ҲƿնͷӰȥ
ͷӰ˿˼㣬β˿·ȡ֮֮ߣ£Ͳܽ
˵ô鷳Ȼ˿ԶԸǾͲ˿ֱӸɵֻӰͿˡ
ɣɣɣƾԼǿļɹرܹͷӰ룬ǾھͷӰֻɵʱ򣬶ĿһţʮӨ˿ַ״˲伯˰ɱ¾Ͱյ

ֻһ죬Ǳĳɷ顣巢Щɱ¾Ҳ˿УڰΡ
ôܣ
һĻ嶼΢΢ɫ
֪ͷ벻ѰķҲû뵽ȻԽİգͬԼɱ¾Ҳһͬ飬ҿȫѹ
ûõģֵǸĶֶ֣ϹʱĶ˿ͿԽǧ꣬˿ᣬҲԽԽ󣬾Ҷ֪ϻʲôԵֵ˿
ӵ͸һΡ
Ȼ֮ǰͷ뽻ֵʱѾ㹻˽⡣
üͷһ壬˵䷴ĻǺܿ죬·оʲôɫȻһ䣬һץסӣԾȥ
ۣҲԾͬʱһƿ
ʮ˿ұбԺ֮֮ǰ֮أ巴Ӧ죬ѱ˿гƬˡ
ɣ
ľ򣬵ǿͷӰȻ˿͸ڣһ벻ĽǶ͵ϮˣлǸܵ˷ŭľ
ͷǣ
˿ͻȻڵ
ͷӰȻֻͿ˿ѣܹǶȣͻȻ͵Ϯ˵Ѿһ˼ˣӵǵǡǡѶԸġ
߰ɣǸͷĶ֣û⣬Ĵ컯Ҳ߻ħףʵ轵ɣ
ʱͻȻڵ˫գԵþƣȻıƽ
аӦҲң㱻ΧҲȻһ˵ӦҲǿ̲ݻ˰ɡ
ⷬΪ⡣һ˲䣬ҲŤͷλѧʶԨȺ飬ǻ۳ȺƵӡȻֻǿ飬ȻѾƶڵ
˵ĲҾԽĲ뿪ˣɱͷ룬ҲſͨѰĴɹ
Ԥϣ΢΢һЦȻ˿ûзϡ
ִǰˣҲûıҪ
Ļһ͵ҲֻȻһЦ벻⡣
ӲͬѾϰͨ˵ûԣڵĴɡ岻ͬһֱ֪ɽлƫɽС
ϵگΣֻ˹֮սһˡ
ԴУԸ
ȴƬ̣ȥȥͻء
彫Ӱ׵ǰȥϵǰʱ򣬶ֻһ˿ͷ˸ߵĶضߡ
⿴ȥֻһ˿ϲ˵òͷܵвԸ뿪ĶѨ


1469 սӰ루һ
ݣ
ŲմأϢĳŶڶȥ
ãûаѶڷ
а
ȻɫĶУľǽ̽ͷڡˡӺ˵˶ǿþ޴Ĺ£ġ
ǰ֫һףһɫ˿õϡ
ͷܹĿ˿Ժͷ̶ȣĻ˿Ŀ³̶ȣЩͱгƬˡ
а
վڶſڳ˼Ƭ̣⡣
ˣ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һݣɫеͷӰݺݵ˹ȥ
ǰʱ򣬾ϸļ㣬ıܹЩ˿ֻһɲǾͱƽ˶ʮ֮ڡ
˻
ڣ޴Ķ̧ͷзľͬһʱ䣬Ŀһţһϸ˿λúеĽλ
ķӦ죬ܹʮ˿ͼһʽӰ뷢
ֻӳף¡һʮƥ˿š
ֻѪĳ沢ûг֣˿֮ʱһӰʧ֮С
һĻо˻˻Խļ٣ȻǲߣҲ֪ոջеǸಢġ
ݣҲڵһ屻ɲǣһһһģһ壬ֳĿŶ
ӰԸоһ˿ǣΪĸ֪УǰԺ죬ȫֱ治١
ͣ
ӰһչɲǼ䣬߰ʮɫ˿飬ŵڶ˹ȥ
ۣ
һδΧĹѸٵķãڶ廹û˳ԶͱӰ˷һ㡣
ûᣡ
ҲʱһϲѸٴӰı˶
֮һΪ÷ֻķֵע⣬ͬʱرϢһѾԲˬ
֮ǰ˽˵ʱͳɹƭǣԸ޵ʱҲͬˡ
У
һΣӰ룬ڸо޴вʮ۾У¶һ˿ҡһ߿зٵľһŤ壬ƺҪŤͷԸ塣
ڵͷʱһ˿βķȥֻһΣڶ̶ʱڣ³˿ͿԾûôˡ
ֻǾˣӰ³Ķ˿ȻޱȣԵֵ
ϣһ̣кһһѶСذмٻڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣѸٵĻ˰ЩĿֲ˿
Խնгķ˿һȴ˶֡
ܼײУгͿ˿ȫ嵲䵽˵ϡ
ȸذף
ڼ䲻ݷ֮óǱЯȸذס
ȸֺųϡУĵϣö죬Դˮħƣнڻ£̶ȼųµһ
ܹӰ³Ķ˿һϸµģҲֻʣȸˡ
飡
һ̤û˿ԥӰ뼱ȥͬһʱ䣬ƿգָһɹɱ¾Ӱıȥ
ڼˣзХһ˿ϵĳȥͬʱ˸֫һһӸߴµ˿Ϸȥ
ȻǰȫԤϣóڴԶ﷢𹥻Ȼ֮䱻˱ƽôľֽš
ߣߵ𣿡
ЦӰ˿ȻǱûôҲ÷ƭѸٽӽԭӰɹҪԸ͸ˡ
еȸذ׿쵽˼㣬İɫ˿ж죬Ҳܴĸȫ
Ӱǿµ˿ȸǰȫһ̣׼׷ȥʱ򣬶һѵͻȻС
һĿֻеȸذףڳһٶɫ˿Ĺ֮󣬾Ȼϳһϸơ
һطΪ˹ĹȻһӣذԳһȱڡ
⡭ôܣ
һĻƤȸֶµġû˱˽Ŀ֮
֪Уǲܴݻٵġ
Ӱ˿Ȼ޷κȸذףվ̫ˣôĹȸذ׾ȻҲܵתĴˡ
Щͷеصһ㣬ԺлֵٶһҲ
ˣ
ܸдʹڵҲû˿ңȴû˿ԥ˲ʩչ˴Ӻѧնݣֻһ˲䣬ξʹг׵ʧˡ
֨֨
оһĻӰԽĻңеһˣ֨֨ļСʧȻоǰδеΣպͲرôľ룬׶
ͣ
һգۣΣյĴ̼£ӰĸͿ֮ͬʱ˿԰ټƵķ˿죬˷ȥ
Ӱۿɼٶȸɱȥ
ȻĹʹòǱܣ˿Ҳвٵ˺
ͻ𣬾忴İɫ˿Ҳ𶯣һ
նȻ쵽㣬۶ԸϣӰЩɫ˿飬ݺύĿ϶һֻè겻˵ˡ
ҪǣЩ谭ȫ俪Ӱ˿пɱ¾ֵס˿иǿдȥֻᱻ˿г顣
ˣķӦһҲΪĵ۹󽫣սҲǼḻ

û˿ԥеȸֶ㳯ǰӰȥ
֨
Ȼȸذ׻ûԶھһӼĽѾصϵӰ룬ʮԸȻһţʮӨ͸İɫ˿ȸֽȥ
ֻȻûôߵǻۣҲͨǡеذףȻֵܹİɫ˿һʼע⡣ڲֻ̺󳷣˿ĹУʮԸҲһֱעеذס
ĳ̶ֳϣֻذ׵в̶ȳ屾
ߣȻˣ
忴һĻȻһЦƺϵˡ
ȻһʼҲԶͶȸذףעУֱӸɵȻͷЩССƻǵĶͷšʧȥȸذףͺʲôЧֶΣƺͷ롣
̫岻òС¡
һʼľͲ⡣
䣡
ƭӰһ֮ȸذڰкһɨȸذ׼ޱȵԣȸذΪƣһըǿܼİɫ˿мһƬһ˴СĿ϶
žžžУֻһϵĴȸذڴ£Ϊ֮׵ȸֽǹ⻬羵Ľϣ˲ϢԽԽ״ϸѺۡ


1470 սӰ루
һĻ嶼ľѡ
ĳ̶ֳϣͷӰ֮ǰ޺޻Ҫӿ¡ȸذ׵һֱȥҪ˶ãذ׶ҪƬˡ
ֻǾˣ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
һȸذ׿ٳСͨ㳯ŹϵӰƽȥ
ʱִ٣ȸֽٳͨҲǳС洩ʱܹᵽһŨҵϢ־Ө͸İɫ˿̣ҲԴݻٵʡ
УֻҪһͻᱻЩ˿г롣
ʱЩ͵˿ӾĵطַУƤ̼ۡ
ͣ·°ڣһƬ½Ǳ˿ӹϢĴȻֵ˿гмŵƮȥ
μľգ书ǿ߿һĻҲȴֻǶս鼫ḻ˵պΣеһ֣ǰжôΣգҲȴ
ಣ
ֻһգۣص˿Уһ־յķʽӱ
ͣ
˻δָһɱ¾ƿնӰͷȥ
ôľ룬ӰӵŵݣҲԶ۲ãͿ÷ӰȻӴ˿ǷֻҪͷ㲻Ҳܹش
ȻԤϣһȴûЧֻëףյĽ֫ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʵɱ¾
žžӲĽ֫ӦϣӰе
Ӱ־ŭ͵ʧʹУѸ˿߰ףʮԸۿ·壬¶µʹޡܿ죬Ծ鷢ˡ
ͷӰĸͻȻѿѿĸ£¶һ١
ۣ
ֻգۼ䣬һŰɫʴӰĸȻڰѸٻΪһż͵ģֱʮ׵ľ޴һ˿ݺύ飬µĿ϶綼ͷƤ顣
ž޴ӹյʱ򣬸ǷеХ·ռ䶼ÿһ㡣
һɲǼ䣬о״еΣҲ˲Ũҵ˼㣬ԶԶ֮ǰ˿ʱ

ڱɫ
ǵķΧ󣬼пѵķ򣬶չµʱıԵ΢΢һ£ֳļ
û⣬ԼֻҪһ£ͻἱ
ǣڰգִ٣ҸҲ˵Ѿж˵ĵ·
ˣ
׽ٶȱлҪö࣬һֻ޴ץ£˲佫εУѸٳиȥ
˲Ϣ䣬һǿҵΣ糱ˮӿ˺ҪΪ֮ͣ͡
ףһףʮסֻһգۣͱѸٱһ
һʵڷ̫̫죬ȫû̫˼ʱ䣬ۿҪгƬȸֽҲ޷ıִ
һȸֽĸ졣
ϢӰΣۿҪͻ£һɲǣǧͷ˲ϢӹԺ
˿ˮ֣һ˷ֺûκ
ڤڤУԼϹ־мصϢԺһζ
һ𶼵סͿֻ浲סˣ
Σ嶼ϵǱܡ

һ̣һŨҵĻͻȻ緢ɻֳɫֱֲͬԡڵ½֮𡢾ݱ֮Ħ֮
ֻ涼˷ķ룬ӵŵ
˿ȻϸͣҷޱȣϾĸ˵ֻ涼û˿ôϾûκζԿƵˣҲɡ
ȵ½֮;ݱ֮𵴹Ө͸İɫ˿һ˿ŸҲû˿ı仯ͳ̶ľ
һ̣žȻһ˿ұϵУںɫĦ֮ХΧ޴İɫϣһɫ˿׷žžϣҷ
ֻգۼ䣬Ħ֮ϣճһ޴Ŀ
֨
ϵͬʱ޴ĹϣӴӰ͵سŸߴȥĿмХʮԸͬʱӳͷųĦ֮еһ͸¶һη壬˼ľһ
Ħ֮𣡡
ʯ䣬Ժӹһͷһݣھ޴ճһɲǣ׼޴Ĺңңһ˲Ϣ͸˳ȥ
һû˿ԥ˫ֻţɫĦ֮ͬʱڶѸٵĴӶһܼ˿̹žžž˿ұϣںɫĦ֮˿£ʱȼ

еĺɫĦ֮ڹһƬյ
֨֨
µ˿ȫӰĽԽļˡ
ʮԸ壬·ܵ˾޴ľһôɲǵʱ䣬Ѿ˵˹ĶˣƺҪ롣
ߣҵˣ
վ£ʮ׸ߴӰ룬ͻȻЦ
ͷӰʵ̫Ѳˣ˿£ôսգ廹ǵһôѲ˿
һжѾͬˡ
Ħ֮ӵмǿĻǿЧǹؼ𣿡
ɨһ¶һ˿΢Ц
Ϲֻ棬ͬҵ½֮;ݱ֮˿û˿˺Ħ֮һվͶϡоеΡ
˿֮˵ļͺͷΪл൱ɣ
һɵ˿Ȼ¶Ƕһ޶ģҲܹΪʲô׸ˡ
֨֨
ˣֻ޴ӰƺĻ͵ؼХһһ޵ûеȵֹŤͷŹ˷һ˿ٻȥԼ侪˵ٶѸʧһ֮С
֨֨
Զͷ̵ֻ
ȻһЦûȥ׷ϡµĶͨ˴ܣԼĺҵ
֮ȰЩ˾ҵɹ
һһɹɺɫĦֶ֮ڶȼʼڶ˿Լ޴һӰߡ
أ
һ޴ļ״֦׹䣬ڵϡ
еȸһ˿뻮һϤӰԾߵ


1471 ٺ
˫գɫ࣬һֻŻ΢
֪
尵ͷĶʵ˾ȣҲǶĸ֣ǿͳΪӰһǿĹȫӲ
彫һŵҩ˻Ȼֽ˶ӡ
⣬ôܣ
ǰʱӻΪӰ綷һڷֵֵܡȻû뵽ӰȻѾˡ
ͷģɫĶܵţټ޼᲻ݵ˿ʵ벻ʲôܹսʤ
Ȼˡ
ϹŶǧʱ䣬׺ޱȣҶԼʮִţ򲻵ѣǾԲԼĳѨֻܡ
ôһɲǣоԼУһָ̣Ľӻһ
ӣ
ûȵӿڣڵĽӭȥ
̫ˣ㻹ţ
ӻţޱȣĿǳ˸м
ͶۣһĸоҪ֪ڲ֮ǰѾ׼ˡ
֣лǷһ顣ԺʲôҪܷԸҺͽһǡ
Ǻǣ黹Ժ˵ɣϽһЩ˾
忪ڵ˵İ԰ټƵ½½Ҳȳ˿룬һѹ
ӰĶԷǳ鷳˱²ʱ仹̫Ӱ벢û׼ȫߣ౻עĶ󲿷߻϶
벻ܻš
룡ˣкôһֻ룡
׷ʲôֻأ
һţĻš

һ߽ٺϵѹ׷ޱȡرǿЩд˿һľѡ
м߼ϵĹ֦һֱ˿һ֦ӦϣֳءŹ⻬棬ÿһ˶ľͷֱµ壬ʲô
һɲǣ˷׷˶УȻŵȴɰذ塣
о󲿷ֵˣڽص֮ǰ塣а۵ӵݿ˲֪˲ڴ֮ǰкܶΪݶ֮ġڣﻹںЩ壬ֻĸм
ӣ
ʱһԼʮߣͻȻ˫ֱȭɫǰ
лһΣҴбȵͬллӡ˵ĶˣԺвǲǣ
˵ţ幧һ
ؿ֮Ͷѡ
˰֣Ϊ
ǫˣΣǶǷһ顣
ӷģԺ˭ҶԹӲ˭˵ĵˣ˵ǲǣ
˭ҶԹӲ˭ԣ

ⷬڵ˷׷Ӧ
ȻȺ鼤ʱ벻鷢ˡ
ǰͬлߣ̧ͷиʱͻȻ죬͵ضһŨҵĺɫ
ͬһʱ䣬ݵһһϸСĶУĿںɫĶУ籼׳磬Ŷȥ
һɲǣ˷ܼҲʱɭɭģޱȡ

Ҹ⣬ͻȻıʼϲ
ʲô
쵰ң
־ŭӺͽɫ
е߼Ǳȣ˸мȥɱ塣ҲΪˣ֮ǰѹû˶֣һ£
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬һɲһֻҵغߵؿڣ޴͵ؽɳȥͬһʱ䣬һΣնʩչޣȻ˲ʧУڼ䲻ݷ֮ʶһ
ۣ
еϸС͵ĶϣһƬĶڵһɺɫľ綾֭ͬˮа㣬ڶϴƬȾչۺһƬ
³ĺɫ̣ҲԺ֮㡣
ôܣ
֮⣬߷ݰˣǶȻ俴һĻ۾𶯣۵Ĳ˼顣
֮Թǰ˵ⷬΪ˷ľ裬óû֣ϵʧˡ
ߣ
ͬʱ֮⣬âһ嶸Ȼ֮¶Σһ˫ޱȡ
ЩҲδ̫ˣΣķĴޱص¶֮УʱΣգôķɾ衣ӳǰУȻֻǿܶѡ
ֻһѣ˴֮ûκν飬ֻ˵䡣ôܻһʶһİˣȫ׿飿
˵߸֪
һʼϳǹϤϢֻû֤ݣôȷŶѣ

ҧгݣһŭ쳹Ѩ
Щ˽̰֮书жߣҲжˣҵɾĹѨֻ·һ̤￪ʼû˿Ի뿪
һŭţһǿŤתűɵȻһ̤ѡһ˰ΧĿ϶㳯Զݶȥ
ণ
ܵͬʱһŹֵĶ̵ޱȣڵ¶дԶԶݣҲڶ̵ʱһӨ͸ƥ˿ͻȻ˺󱳷һ֮У
ĲҽУһ߷Ӧֱӱ˿ģгϡ
ãͷ룡
ѵֻˣ
Сģ

˱Ѿ׼ȥߡͻȻ֮䣬ٴܵӰĹһң׷׳ȥﻹ˵üߡ
ӰԼϸ˿Ŀ£ÿ˶£ûκԵֵ˿˵Ѫ֮
ߣߵ𣿡
վں󷽣ߡܵӰЦ
֮վΪĴǶ˵ߡһ̿ʼͲ߳⴦¶ߡ
¡
ߡҪӳ⴦ߣʧɲǣָ繴Ȼ˵ıңңһ
¡ڰ֮Уͷ»ӰͻȻ֣˲Ϣ䣬пһӴ󵽿ֲȻ˲סߡʹק
ã
ͻ߲ɫ䡣û˿ԥһʵ˲۷壬ͼѵ컯
ȻĴ컯Ѿ˻ôѡ


1472 ޴ˣ
ߣ
ͬʱһͷĺ󷽣һӴϢӽ
ߵ̴ӽʱˡ¡Ӱʯ䣬ͷ׵硣Ƭ׵УһͷħĿ罣֡
ܵӴϢɫ䣬룬͵Ťͷ˫ĳһ͸ƺХ˳Ľײһ
ƺƣɽȻͬݺײһ𣬷ײĺ
û߷Ӧһк£ƹ֮һ㣬͸ߵ˫ƣѸٺڣ˳߾һ·ڵҪѨ
ֻͨ˲Ϣ䣬˫ĿԲľ׮һ㣬ֱͦͦڵϣһ
ֻһУͳ׷ڵһУһ̽ߣ¡һͶǰڵ̳
ӣ˾ͽ㷢ˡ
ͦ㣬ƺոһ˵Ϊ
嵭ȻһЦһƺ⡣ΪѵĶ֣۹Ҳֻһ߶ѣֱҲ⡣
ֻƬ̣Ŀܿӽ뿪䵽ϡ
쵰ȻҶ¶֣
Ȼܹõӿͷ룬ǾԲһģ
̿ʣƳһһ򵥣
쵰ɱۻһҪΪ𣡡

߱ܣΧһ߲ȻŭǾ㷴ӦҲ֪ܹƶ룬ǾԲͬһ·ʮа˾ţޱżĹϵ
ֻǰڶֻڰӰ룬һʱ֮䣬˸׿
İɣֻѾˣ
ͻȻڵܵǿпƣͷӰûôĵȥǰ
˵ɣǵʲôˣ
ܿͷǰߡֻһƲͷȥֻš
쵰ʱˣ㻹Ӳӣѵ֪һְ취˵ʵ
Χ߿˵ı֣һŭֹһ·֪жЩ£ҳвһеˣеķŭ֪
ǰ˿һӵϣˡ
û˵ֻǴ˸ƣֹˡ
ӦһʼͻɽаɣӵرһֱصףежУ˼ȷʵ㹻˵˽̰ҴɾĹѨô£ⲻǴɾĲر֮𣿡
ҽôɹرͼЩܲԼİɣȻЩرͼȥΪռȫ򿪴ޱأʹôɹܹؼⲻҲǲرͼڵ𣿡
οɹѾʧٶ꣬ɽнֿѧвףԺ͸ǹ֮ˡɹҵߣҲӦǴɾ־ɣ

ߣЩ֪֪ʲô⴦ʥزеѰ֮أǲ֪ﳹ׿ʲôĺΣ˶񼸰ǰһ̰֮һûһܻ뿪Ϊǵ̰޴ɣ
ߡƲͷ͸һԹޣ˵Ļؽգ۾һûд塣
ˣ
ⷬȺһըˡ
ǸĹ
˵ǰʲô˼ѵǰҲ˵ͨͨɱˣ
쵰ǻʲôıƣɱôˣǵʲô
ɱɱ

һ˫ĿѪ죬ѡ
һмŲƵȥðգǶһ˵ȴֻһıԼıеӰˣеķŭ֪
һ˲䣬˷׷ӵǰ޲ɱߡֻ߱ϾͽץסģûзҲж
ð׷ѹˣ֮ԸôϻΪѾϢɢȥǺܿ춼ģ
ʱͻȻ˵ˡһ˫۾ɨˣ¶һ˿Цݡ˵󣬸ǹЦг˳ζ

쵰
ھɱ㣬㻹ţ
˵Ļ˲Ȼŭֻо˲ԣ߸һֵֺĸо
ԣ
ʯ䣬һͷԺʲôѾˡֻһ󾪺ͻȻһѪȻ̱ȥһϻֹ졢Цݡ
һˣ
һ߾
쵰㻹װ𣿡
һŭɶһѾסô׾ˡ
ˣѾԼľˡ
建ڵ
һҪԼرһʼĵĻ˺ѳ׷סߡȻҲԼǰûжٻᣬԹ⼤ŭˣΪԼӮȡһʱ䡣
⡭ôô죿
һ߶̽һıϢһ𽥱ñ壬׹
һ˲䣬һƬţ˶ɫȻ
˭Ҳû뵽˾ôˣû˿ס
ԣһжΪ˴Ϣ𣿡
ʱһߡʬ壬վߵ岢⣬ԼɱҲδػŹ
ߡ˵Ƿ뵽˺ܶࡣ
ô˵ЩյϢӦúܿ͸Ϲˡ
˼֮ǰʱЩвĵ
岢ºЩ潻֣ǺȻЩ˵Ը磬ᡣ
ĵģڰпһУϲٿŵ¶ڵĻءޡޣͷӰ룬ô׶ԸĴڣ嶼֪⴦´ޱڣж塣
ŤͷɨһܡھĵģûһϢȴоڤڤһεΣӿ
ôˣ
һӶߴӺߵ֪ʲôʱ˹ѹ
˵ʵѾúܲȫˣǱ뾡뿪

š
΢΢Ȼܿ˵ͷ⴦¶Ѿ÷ǳΣգ岻˵Ҳ׼뿪ġ
쿴ʲô
ʱͻȻһ󾪺˵ע⡣
һ˲䣬ӷ׷ѭ˹ȥ


1473 Ҷ
ֻһ߰ߡʬǰʱߡͰţԱߵУһƬɫСҶƺǴ߿ȡġ
ʲô
۾һգʱعеҶƬע
쿴ҲУ
ʱһҲѳһЩĶ
һϵĲֻ飬ȫִɫСҶƬ
һ˲䣬˵
ӻ࿴һۣüͷǰȥӲһƬɫҶƬǴյǶᣬƺûʲô֣Ȼѧߡһ㣬ƬҶС
ô
ʵ
ҡҡͷüͷøˡֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ͻȻһ¶һɫ
ϸ΢ı仯˵ע⡣
öֲڵصж硣
ȡеҶһľ̾
ҶֻҪҺһϣܲĿԼΧϡҲܵ˿Ӱ졣ǧ磬治УҲȺ飬ôҰʷ־Ҳûмֶ
һ˵ţһִӴȡƬҶݸͽ
û˵ŽɵСʼʱûʲô仯ֻҶڣ΢΢оЩɬûı仯Ǻܿ죬ҺʪҶƬıһЩ΢СݡʼǺܶ࣬ǵ˺ԽԽܼ
ǣЩݾȻڿǻ൱ֱ͸ǻڣ˳Ѫܣתȫ
⴦¶ߣգرһǧףϡѣ嶼òԼĺһ̶ӲźһΡˣΣȻӰΣÿ˵ʵܵ˼ؿڳģͺѹһʯ㡣
ſеĴɫҶͷų壬ѹֳƵĸоһɨգֹˣоԼľ񶼳ӯ˲٣ڵӿ˲٣ƶࡣ
Ũȼߵ
Ŀйâһ׹
ӻֻ֪ҶлжǸŨȵȻ࣬Ϊȼߣֹܹ衣ЩĹӦʵһ㣬Ҫǣܵȱ
ֻһ˲䣬ʶЩССҶľ޴ֵ
̫ˣЩҶҲڵصжˣ
һɲǼ䣬˷ܲѡ
һ£
ۿŴҵĿⶼеҶϣͻȻ֮䣬һϵ
һ̣˵ĿУһ׳ۣѩף¸أͻȻ˳ߣ˲䰲
ϣ
˵
ͻȻȺ׷ȥߵĿΪ𾴡
һ˿ɫŤͷһԵӣݹȥһѯʵ
˽ǬǬڵĳϣһԵɽеķɽԪһʱҲӡ
ѹ͵˶٣¶һ˿Цݣŵ
⣬ǬҩΪóΪʲôɽôأӦ˰ɣ
һ䣬ǺЦһ塣
Ȼڳ͢ɣʦءΪߣÿ쾭ĶȷѪ͸˭Ҳ˵׼ԼͻЩʦǬݣɽеĵλҲͲˡ
λһԣһҪӣǿ˶Ҫ⴦ˡ˱µģҿһӦùУ
ǬĻһӰ
ЩӦùУ޳ϵĻ
ܿվԮϡҲ׷׻عӦ
ûЩӵģӦøӣ
ڵص¾һ壬˻֪ʲôϷսƷˣľ֮ȣһҶʲô
ݱӣ嶼Ϊ⡣ɽеĶթǰһĻЩ㵡
ˣֻҪʮƬͿˣǶϷ˰ɡ
˼Ƭ̣һ̽ܿȡʮƬҶ
֣徭ļ㣬ּǿ˵ص׵ĿȻϡֻƶĻӰҪǵ壬ǿʱս
ڵصȱ£սܳáȱĻҲἫߵʵ
յĵ£㣬ƬҶӦԼӦпսʣµƬԱʱ֮衣
⡭
Ǭͷ˽һɫһʱסˡΪٵĴеҶߣֻеʮƬѡǬһʼû뵽ġ
ǺǣȻѾ˵ˣҾͲÿˣȥɣ
һԣֱӿڵ
ӹȻլʺҵˡӶ飬ҵġԺӵвǲǬضǡ
Ǭһص
ң
һ
ң

У˷׷׺Ӧһޱȡ
ЦЦҪ˵ʲôһ̣һϤȸͻȻӻдһɲǣ˲ɫʱ˿̣˵Ŀȫеϣɫ仯˲䣬˵ע⡣
֣ôˣ
ǰһ
Ȼȴû㣬ɫأ͵̽뻳УѸٴȡһεĺӡ
ʱ˿̣ںڰĶУСж˵һɫâڲ˸΢ĹâںڰԵ÷ǳ졣
˿壬в˸ķκӣ׷ײԣ֪ʲô¡ȴ˲Ϣˮס
ˣ
ʯ䣬һͷѸٻԺ
зⷢȵ״ϤˡֻЩĪ⣬ȴѪбĺ˽ӽԼʱвŻַӦ
ȻĵģʲôûУȴоһǰδеΣû˱Щж£ˡ
ӣ
ʯ䣬ڶڰ㣬Ŀⶼеϵʱһ̼ıͻȻƺڰ쳹صס
䣬һɲǣ·һ£ڣնʱýޱȡ
ôˣ׷ʲô
ڣһƬңǬЩֽšû֪⵽ô£˶һȡ
ֻźͲǿԴȾģû֪оʲôϾӰ붼սʤˡÿ˶иܵǿҵΣС
Ӧ죬ߵ𣿡
˵ʱʱ죬䣬һЦ͸˵Ĳ̣ͻȻӶ


1474 ͻȻˣ
û˷Ӧһž޴ĺɫͻȻԶĶںХ͵бը

ĲҽУ˱ը̳ʮ߻ûзӦͱըƷɣЩըĻҲͬٲɽЩɫĻͬƹ֮㣬һմţܹȼϵ
ңң
ʲô˹ǣ

ҽըŭĽäĿĹڶһƬңһнֻǿʼ
ںɫĻ֮󣬻˸һεĵ糱ˮһԶĶкХ飬һ⧲ܶͱЩƥεг롣
ЩûΣյӰצ£ȴЩͻĹС
ߣȫ뿪
󷢳һĴҲ룬ͷҲصĳһС
ɫĦ֮𣬰εĵЩ˵ĹЩϤˡֻһˣˣ֪ȴĲһ˸֣ʮƵĺǿߡ
ľǴио˵մУûɫ˫֣ǿа⿪ֵ¹СԷ¶Ϣ嶼оĿֲ
ʵǿԵֵģֻ·һҪǣôƬ̵ĹٸоƥϢȫңңԼϡ
ֲĶˣ
䣡
һƬɫҶУһ˼㣬ʩչնݣԾ˵ٶȳԶȥ
뿪󲻾ã֮ڣһͷƤգݣһ޴Ļεڶڱ仯ⲻϵЩܵߡ
һеͻȻȫӲһǵ۾ţ¶ȵľ֣Ȼʲôˡ

΢絴ʮ״һӰ¶
ǰ㣬һְֻϵĵϣһյƣͷǶңݣľѡ

Ŷ˽һصУʮƣһߣͻȻ俪ʼһΪϰ㻬ڵϣ°һãľ׮㣬뵹˳
жʱһŨѪζ
Ӧ찡
ɣһɵʮʵǿߣ˶ŤͷܵķѾĺܿˣҼϢµľƣΪṩһȻشʩ
ֻôһڵ߼ȫӵøɸɾǰʾЩȫɱ⡣
֮ӻѶԸǸϼһĶǻûͻᱻ֡
ģӲԶ
һۻ͸аͲ̡
δ䣬һǰһ󣬴Ӻ󷽵Ķ˳Ϣǿޱ޼ʣ籩һ㣬ȻԻɫ˵Ķ졣
ϸȥͻᷢĿ˸ŵ㺮⣬ںڰһ㡣
һǧ׵ĵ°գҰޣҲҪİǶ˵¶˺֣졣
ڶУ˲Ǻ棬̤̤ĽŲĺ˸Ϣ䣬ɫĬ׷״Ӻ룬˲ߡ
Ǻ󷽣ԼƬ֮һǿϢһ˵ĸ֪У¹ŲӣӺ󷽻˽
ˣ
¹Ук˷׷׵ͷҲ׷׵ͷ¶ѱɫ
һԲĿ磬Ѹɨߣܿ죬Ŀ˶޴ĹԼһµ˿
ڵ˿Ȼ˲٣Ȼ൱˿
Щϡϡİɫ˿¹Ŀһ£Щ⡣
ˣôˣ
¹ɫ죬ѯʵ
¹вûش𣬶㱣˼
벻Ȼܹͷŵϴǵ˽ص׶ߣ˲ˡ
¹е
δ䣬Ŀɨһ䣬ӵİɫ˿ͻȻָһ־Ө͸ޱȣԻϣȸذ׶˶˿˲ϢΡ
Լض൱𶯡Ȼ˵ָѾһֲĵزɫ˿޷жϡ
Ϊֱ
ݣ
˵ʱͻȻһ̶ХһУһɫͲ״ﳯŶڵ˷ֻɣžһֻͻȻһץסֻɫͲ״ֻǿһۣ첽ߵ¹
ˣѹˣ޴Ѿȫʧû⣬ӦѾˡ

ڣһ˲䰲ΧһƬš
𣿡
ã¹ͻȻЦһ
Щصͨ˴Ķ߻ڣЩһǶҪǣ̫ܡ
ˣô죿
ĺ˵
ᣬʱȻǰʿǸ֮ӾͽˣٶȸɵȻǾ͸յˡ
¹г
٣ˣİɣͽˣСܲˣ
Ϊ׵Ķ¶һ˿аЦܿ쳯һ֣
˸
һ䣬˷۵糸һ㣬Ѹʧ˶֮С

Ҳ󶴿֮еĺˣʱ˿̣Ծ˵ٶڶһ·֪ΪʲôĸоУЩȻûиȴʼһӰΣסٵĸо
Ҳٶж죬ʼհѲָо
ô£Ѿͷ޵ľ̥ǣܹң޷֣
彫նʩչ˼ޣһ̰ڶмǰСԺд˷˼ţʼղҪ졣
Ƭ̵ĹһơϢĸоܿдɫ΢䣬ѸٴӻȡһƬɫҶСֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Ϣĸоʧ٣ٴαնݵٶȶ˲١
ҿЩҶӦÿ֧һʱˣ
гһ
ȻûȫͻȻһϷʼèϷһ㣺
СӣȷʵЩǣȻԸǡһΣҿ㻹ӣ
ôܣ
𣬴ΪԾľѾ䵽Χжߣȫûп˵Ӱ
ûȵ˼һ̣һӴΣͬˮӿǿΣо嶼еͷƤ顣


1475 ǿĻƽʿ
飬ҽǽһ̤Ѹٵĸı䷽Ծ˵ٶȳǰȥ
ͬʱһֻʯɴͻȻӶϷصԭڵλáһɲǣŨ̹ը죬ͨ˲̮һ롣
Ƕ죡
һݣѸ˻ɵĽɫˣһӵв˼Խߵһʯ
һɲǣ뵽ʲô
Ȼû룬գ֮䣬һֻ޴ȭͷɽһ㳯˹룬һֻ̧ʯɵľƺȥ
䣡
һһСֻȭͷкݺݵײһ𣬻첻ڶۻһѿʯƬ׹ڵء
û˿սֻէһӴ߰ǰȥֻ޴ȭغ£ٴһͨ
ûõģӲ
ЦӰΣƺ׼ȷλλá
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬¡¡һıըǰ忴ķʮ׵ĵطһֻ޴ʯֱһ£ƬƬʯͨ׷̮
ȻַʽֱӶȥ·
ã
ɫ΢䣬ڵһƿն̮֮ͨǰǿдһһ֮ͨͨյ˳ȥ󣬴ƬƬʯ׹
ߣȻˣҾͽͨȫŪжٱ£ӵ˶Զ
ڻ죬Ȼ㻬ѷʽѾеŭ
ˣһɲǣضҵĲΧ߿ʱ
ˣ
ʱ˭Ҳûз˫ͻȻһһţɲǼ䣬ͫһƬף֮Դı֡
ǣҪ̫磬ΪҶԸ𣿣
ʱͻȻˣ侲ࡣ
ôһ̣˸ĸоֱĪ⣬ȫԽķ룬ڼԶľɿƵص׵һСǼ׶ȻȴԶûԼô£پǲսʤġ
ʲô֪ߵغĶҵҪôԸң
ܴͲмġƽʿܹʯܲĵص׷ӳĹãԸЩʵΪ߼ֱ練ơ
˵ԶԸԼֱЦ
¡¡ڶ׼ٴʩչƽʿʱû˿ףľͻȻƿն͵غҲ֮Уصصףھڵͨǧ׵ĵزУ巢һɫˡ
ҵˣ
Ժжһ˿⡣
˵ġƽʿǿޱȣĻ£սʤҲֶÿԶ̹ʱ򣬱ضһ㼯Ḷ́Щƴʯ㼯һ㣬ͻữһöɫˡֻˣȻܷ𹥻
֪ҲͰˣȻѾ˶ԷôöԷɹᣬԸԼ
¡
һ̣ľΪʵʣһ㴩գһͷϷǧ״ǿŸո۳ˡ
ӰΣ˸ܷʲôЧľѾʵʻĳ̶ֳѾˡ¡ľᴩˣڶ⣬Ѹ߽öˡ
ֻһգۣ˲䱬ɢͨʹصĲҲ˲ֹͣ
ôܣ
󷽵ͨУڳķ׷ϣͻȻ֮ܵһĻɫ΢䣬ͣ˽Ų󷽵Ҳ˲ʲô˻࿴һۣ¶𺳵ɫ
ô飿Ȼƻ˻ƽʿԴҲĿƣ
һɲǣ˶оһǰδе𺳡
ġƽʿųƴصףʩչʱ򣬺Ϊһ壬öڵϵľѧ棬ûʲôѧܹƽʿö֮˸޵˼㣬ôױ֡
ö˼㱻֣ҪƻҲô׵¡ǧ׵ľ룬þ߹Ч˵֮˻һԣܹܵĹת޵ǧ֮ڵĵز֮С
ڣزûƻ֮ȴ˱ˡ
ֱԽ˳˵ļУ黹ûз
׷ΣһҪ
Ϊ׵ĶͻȻһɱ䡢ɭɱһΣѸʧ֮ͨС
˵ʼҪԸΪĻôڣѾǿҵɱ
Σһܿơƽʿ˴ϡ
䣡
ͨУǰ治ϵıӣںƴȫ׷ɱĵز֮УһſŴ֮˲ϵۣû۳ͣͱӴľ߽⡣
ʵʻľҪЧöࡣ
쵰ҵҪܣ
󷽣ҧгݣŭޱȡ
Ϊ˵죬ȣϲɫӶϣһΪ۳Ĵ֮һһ߽⡢飬һ·׷ȻһʩչƽʿĻᶼûУ׼ŭɱ⡣
Ȼ˻û׷Զһ̣һ¡¡ıըǰ˽Ųһɫʱѿ
쵰Ȼڣ

˵ĸ֪ûдɲǣԱ֮֮ͬķʽֹͨ˵׷
ˣŨ֮УһӰԾڰһתѸڵϣǰȥ
ȻİסַʽӦÿֹһˡ
аһ̤Ѹǰȥ
ġƽʿʵ̫ǿҪߵķʽֹǣܡ˵Ļ
Ȼɵģںһֱûгֵ¹С֮һֱͣı룬ҲΪڴˡ
Ȼ¹нֻڴĺչһ棬һΣȴ˼º̵ӡ
Ǹ˿±ȶ컹ҪµĶ࣬۷״̬嶼ûаܹսʤ
ϣоһɼΪǿͿֲϢϢ뵽һˡ
ʳսײ
һɳʥ侳۷֮ϵһ߿ռ΢
¹кײһ΢ǿߣȴо¹п±ײҪǿ
ƿͻƵǲ㾳֮ǰûаտԶԸּǿߡ
һ·ǰȥϵͼͺЩ˵ľ룬һ̣һ޴ĶͻȻǰ
֮ǰ֩붴ߡ޶ֱ߲ͬһٶ׵Ķڣǵ㣬Ȼɫ׻𣬸߶һĹ⡣
ĲǶ߶һϤӰ


1476 ɹˣ
ļ
㵵ĿŶӰ
վڶǵӰǱˣȻ붴еļ˻ԥĶпصΣʱֻļ˵û˿ԥĽС
һ·棬ҲɽߣΨûмλɽɢӵмļ
ֻôҲû뵽ԼȻ
ļ˫ŷߴ䣬һ׻б趯磬ϱ־ԵٱʣɽҲҲˡ

ŲԵĶߣļ˹ȥ
ȻļȴûĻһһƺ˼ʲôֻڹ۲ʲô忴Ҳ޷жʲô
һļԽԽȻļ趯žžһ
üͷ壬оЩԾ˵⡣

ڣߵļǰֻǿһۣһ˲ɫ
վͨڵļǰ˫ĿԲ𣬵ȴԳһ˵Ĳ԰סϸоκε
ৣ
ɫٱ䣬ǰһһָ쵽ļıǶˣ֮䣬ȫоκκļϢ
座Ȼǣһ̽ļڣȴڵоѣͺһɼΪǿеľ
ôܣ
һɲǣҲоһǰδеǿ𺳣
ļʵ֪ģɽߣһʵȻ˳ԪһȣܻЩ࣬ǾԲ̫ԶɽУͬһ㼶ǿߡ
˵һγǰʱ򣬿һǿգȼյĹ棬·ˡ
һ˻ǲֳܳЧġ
Ҳо˼֣ô׶Ը
ôҲû뵽һ书գԶη壬ֱǰļȻҴڵǱԸյ˾
ֱ˼飡
ʲôɱļ
һɲǣд˷˲Ϣ䣬Ժͷ
Ťͷ˳ļĿ⿴ȥֻ޾ĺڰв֪ʲôʱӿʲôҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻǿҵĽŸС
Σܹ֮ļģʲô֮
ˣ
ֻһգۣһһӴľƿն̽ͨڲĵط
Ȼ嶼û뵽һ񲻵ĺ
ˣ
ĿУ㺮â˿ĸ飬ͻȻɫС
ʲôˣ
һݣȻǿҵΣոС
ͬʱâһһߴĺӰ·һ㣬ͻȻǰٶֱ֮˼顣
˳ֵͬʱһӴգɽҰ͵緢һɲǣоضȼա
ǹҵϢ֮ļ񹦻Ҫ£оǰһա
ͨһɲǱյ硣
ã
ʯ䣬˳ֵɲǣеΣͻȻʼαƤëܵ޴Ĵ̼ƤͣðŨҵмҪû

룬ƴ߻ħΣգȫʩչ˴컯󶥼ѧеĴ
¡
Ƶ䣬Ǳ̫ҪҵĿֲϢգĪܵӿ
ϾȻȻԽ˵ز
ÿһͬɳһ㣬ҳȵͺҪһһɲǣͻȻףΪʲôļˡ
⼫ΣյɲǣֱãǰյĽɫµɲǣڤڤУһһɽȻͬͻȻ֡ϣĥ̰㼱ת
£ǹڵĿֲʱһΪ
¡һʵʵĺϣһڴ컯£ƫתصĻһĶϣ̳
յѪڣֱӴӶ˳ȥ
ܹءʱһһֽȻ෴ıը˶Էʱֵ֮ĹһΪ֡
ˣʣµһҲǳǿ״̬µԳܡ
⵽ʲôôǿ󣡡
ŶеǵӰԺжȻһ⡣
УĻ塣ٷ籩ޡ棬ޣ˿òŵӰ롣
ǰĶԲһķ룬Ϊûκιܹʩչ书
嵽ڻûף⵽ʲô
𶯣ëףеϢ
׼󳷣룬ͬʱһ﾿ʱͻȻһϤ͸˿˿ţȻԺ
棿
һ˲˳
ʱֻΪ˵һ仰ͣ¡
ǲ֪Ϊʲôе˿ʱǲģ˵ͣ
ô
д˷Ϊ㵡
ŵģǼȻǴͨ洫ġ
ˣ
룬ͣ½ŲΧʱһƬţʧˡ
аÿ¡
ͨУƮ֪Ϊʲôԭ׼ǵߴĺӰҲͣ
ϢĽϢǵӰҲԽԽ
ӿһƮɢڿ˶Ӱ
ޡĹޣһͨͨ߰˳ҵߡ
ĳɢϴһϮɫĳۡǣߴķβͬϵ·͸һֹŷ磬ĩ·
һ𣬶˳
ݳÿвͬͷңҲ㵽һЩǰĶһ۾ͱ˳
ǰʱͻȻֹŹֵĸо
ĿϿȥڶڣɫ׻ӳ£ڿ˵
һ˰ףϲ԰׵û˿Ѫɫ忴˵ʱָоԽǿˡ
һ˫ն񣬾ܳڻϵ۾
ˣ
һͻȻʲô
оĵģչޱȣ˸ļʬ˫Ŀԣһֻ˿ն˫ۣۿйת
Ŀӹɫϣһö޼ͼкһȦɫ״ˣû󣬳ϢĻʱжȻһ𣬷·ʲô
ɹˣ
ʯ䣬ԺжȻһͷ˲ʲô


1477 У
һɲǼ䣬Ŀ⼯е˱ľ޴ġɫ̡жʱоһǰδе𺳡
ɹǰд˵ģֻЩѾ˺ܾã˵˶ѡϵ޼־֤ݡ
ϱӿʼ˵̫޼Ԫɹµһͷ˵ӵ޷ƥе
ֻôû뵽һμ̫޼ԪɹȻһ
ļȻվȲµһĿѧ
ĿУǽɫ̻ʧСɹĴˣĿת£ͺȫһתȥŶѨȥѸʧܵС
þãŻһ壬Сȥ
ɹĴˣÿһǲţǿ˼㣬Ƕ۷弶ĵ۹˵Σء
ǰǺлҴ⡣

˵ͬʱһʯ׹洫һߴӰЩֻ̣ǱĴͨ˳ͣԡ
棬⵽ô£
忪ڵ
ȻžϵǴӼոճûʲô⡣ο֮ǰٻǺģȻֻίߡ
꣡Ҫô
һָߣԵþ긦ƺոܵ˼ľš
䣬˵ͷ֪ǹ˼ɸոˡ
棬ոյ׷ʲôΪʲôļΪʲôڶ棿
忪ڵʵ̫ˡ
˵ļҲˡ˭뵽ɹĴ˻ع֮Сļһʱ⣬Ӳƴ˼ƣֱӱ˾жɹɹǵ֮µһ
˵һǾ̾𺳡
˵ܵľţ˵оģǶڴɹ޿ƥУѹ̾ۡ
ǰɹûʧʱɽоһЩصĴš˵ÿһĴɹߣҪص޶֮УΪɹػߡҵʱڶݣӴЩصϢЩؼصĹŴ伮ʱʲô˼ˣ
˵һ㶼٣һȫģɹĴ߾Ȼ󶼲𣬿Լڵص֮УΪصػߣû⣬ǴɹһؿˣֻҪͿĽ뵽ޱ֮Уõ˫Ŀѧ
˵ʱ͸һŨŨĲ
ֻ֪ɹѾʧ꣬ȴû֪ɹһֱǸУÿŻһߣĴѾˣ仰˵صףǸոտģ»ʵǿĴɹߡ
ɾΪһأֱһǵҪͨûô򵥡
˵ⷬʱ򣬼У͸¶һ˿ѹƵĽź˷ܡ
ͨгֵĵһɾĴˣƾܻļʣµĴж涼޷Ԥ⣬ԽΣգ֤ɹԽ
ֻǣҪõµһ湦ƾһ˵»Գɹ
û˵һ͸¶ϢΪ֮𺳡
ˣͨԽֻԽ࣬ҲԽգֹɣ滹ĴˣһܹļǿĸǴﵽµĵز˿ֲʵ£ǻʲôܹȥ
һ˫üҲ֪
ûͨѾоһӴѹĵĻԶֹˣͨסЩˣûǺܿҲϵ
ոս붴ߵʱѾ֣ǰ֮ͨ⣬ǰûĳ·
ľɢʱЩ֮⣬Ҳȫûκγڡ
ں˽ߣԻƽʿͶ
һʱ֮䣬˽άȵľء
ô죬ô죬໹ӣ취
ƽҲǵδʱ·𲻶ϵ
ոյһӴѾףԼ¸޴˵Ķ֡
¹еʵֻ¸ɲ⡣
ˣ
ĿӹԱߵļʱһ̲ס
ˣ棬ļôģѵһ·Ͼû޺Ӱ𣿡
һֱиʣһ·ϹٶѾܿˡֻвУһ·ƽ⣬˲մﵽ
ǿļͼ沢ûӰޣҲһִٶȱԼ졣
ֱ˼飡
⡭
̧ͷһ˿ɫȻû뵽⡣ɫ΢΢ԥ
֮ǰĵطңǾԲܸġѾһأҲ޷ˡ
Ķͨ˴ķȻֹһΪɽеľ뢣˭ûһرֶΡԪһһó뻯׾ܰ·ϵǰֻ߿ľı仯ЩߣֱЩڳԭءҵûôֶΣصҵһӵڻ¡
ӣ
üͷһΪ⡣
ǺǣĵصҲһˮ˵Ը֪Ƕ˵ڵرѾܹ֪ӵλáֻҪ밵ӣ˳Щͨ룬ɾµĴ󲿷ֻ壬Ȼƹ
΢Цһ˵ţһź룬ȻԼֶҲЩ⡣
ϾҲŵֶΡ
ԭˡ
ҡҡͷ̾Ϣѡ
һأЩɾͷһ˵ֶΣ֮ǰ˵ܹˮȻܹͨصװӵҲضиֶΡ
ɾһǧǰ񻰼µĻ壬ô׶ԸҪÿضǿдȥܣҲû˻ô
Խ˵Խһ̣·ʶʲô̧ͷ塣
ɣ
Ȼ޵ķʸȻôʣ϶ԭġΪԼһƹһЩôִǿķӦȫˡ
ӦǷȱһ
΢΢Ц
ÿ˵ļͬڿӦѡһѵĵ

˵
ͷ˵ǿġ仰˵һ·ϵĻ壬иޣ彫ȫˡһ涼ûа취ȫ


1478 ǰǺ󻢣Ƽ
аһȻͬ

ΪüʦķΪɽеĵһˣаķһ֮ԿɽаͨУҲǾԲ顣
¡
ʱ̳ը죬ھ޴󶴿ߵһ࣬һʯŴɳӺ󷽵Ķ籡
ߣСӣץסˣҿܣ
һ̣͸ŨѪζͻȻ𶴿𡣼滹ûзӦȴıɫ
죡
һ·ѨסʵǿˣôһǾѾɹ׷ˡ
ζλ¹Ѿ಻Զˡ
ˣ
Ҫת룬ͻȻ֮䣬ĶУһӶ
𶯣
Ӷߴ͸һɽŵζ

廹ûüڣӿһĶƮڶٴθоһϤϢǹϤϢŨޱȣϢ
ˣ
һݣӦ
𶯣ѾԹЩ޴˵ĹһΧֻҪǲ붴УͲĽ⣬ΧҲľ䷶Χ֮һ˵̶ûôߣֻҪǲͲĽ
Աߵ
һɲǣնʱùޱȡ
Ĵ޴˿۷״̬ļԸҲڻ¡óóȻжֻᱻ빥ǰѾϹˡ
飡
һ죬âһͬӰͻȻӶе
Ϣ࣬һ֣ӴϢ塣ƿڶһ㣬׷
죬
ʱһȴǽȻͬһ򡣺ܿ죬һҵĽŲѸٳ
ִ٣Ϊ׵Ķ˶û׼ɲǼͣ½Ųķ
Էٶȼ죬գۼ䣬һƳزһ޴ĺȻţһзɫ̳֮¡ֻһգۣ˵ĿУͷȻ֮ɢȥΣһת۴ӿ׹£Զĵط
棡
ǵϤӰ̥ӣüһôҲû뵽λ˵ľͷ֮һȻʱϹ
˲ĻԶֹ
ǰˣ
ͬһʱ䣬һҵĴʮ׵ĵطһŨϢĸ֪С
ͣ
еӰûг֣һְϢһӿ磬˵ĿУɫ޵УѸ߿ڡ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һӰӶͬڵӱ
Щͳһɺ̫ۣǰɫĿѩ°㡣
ĿĻڣʵܵ桢ȣҲй֮޲
ǰ˴Ӷиһ֣ĿһɨȫܿϣѸٱñޱȡ
Ԫһ
ǵϤӰһѾˣôû뵽ԪһȻҲʱ
ɽǿʱ˿ȫΧ
ڵնʱ΢
棬ˣ
ףôͣˣ
ȥ

ͬʱһҵĽŲͬʱഫһҵ˺˵˷׷״පӿ˽
ԭӵˣǰŵĹһͺס˲Ӱ㣬ͽգһ˵
Щ鷳ˣ
ǰӰ۾΢΢һĶʱȥ
˶ڵĹ⣬ֻ֪ĶлһӴģֲϢʼɢڲݵذΧУһ¡

ʱ˿ֲ̣˲Ϣ뵽һָӴֺֹ塣Ԫһлͤһ֣Ϊ׵˶ʱһ˳
رԪһλһϵļսûиɵŪԼˡȻǰԪһлͤĳ֣ȴʹͻȻ֮䲻óȻˡ
Χǵĺˡ
һӶ˾ԪͻȻǰѹ
ǸսߣͱϳЩغˡ
˳ǳаʦͽģȴЩĪĺ͵Ϯɱ԰ټƵĸ֡˵Գܵش˾Ԫ׶һսˡ
֮ǰҲЩ˵ټҲͰˣȻ׷Ź
Ԫһû˵лͤ˲ĿϬ
һˣһˣټһаͽйڣԪһ֣ҲҪȶ˭֡
һսԪһûа취֤Ϲۣ⡣
̵ְڵΣ˭ȶ֣˭ͻڲλ
棬˼ͬĴ
һˮݵˣһ֮ǰйڵ壬һǲ֪ʲôĺˡǰļƣٲȻѾһǷ֮أʱпܱһҵս
ʱпС
棬ʲôʱʼаķһˣ
ʱһĮͻȻƼžǶ棬һۣǿ֮Ԫһ
ǣȷѵĶ󣬲棬վߵļ档
ǿҡҺ˭ûн飬Ҳκ˶ûйڡһνޱ֮أҵĿֻһѡһк޹ء
һܿЦ
ҵͷԺɽаͻὫΪˡҲɢߵ֮
Ԫһ治ͬûӴǲܺˡȻ࿹ġ
ħȻаˮݣڣȽɵĶԹ£һ˳ߣӺ󷽷һָɵЩĺˣ
ʱԪһԵĸлͤҲˡ˵Ļȴħ棬Լ˵дѡ
쵰
ҧгݡ𶴿ڵ˺ǻﶷйڡ
Ҳûԭ·أ˺ɱһȻٽո֮
лͤȼ仰ھ߶߲ˡ
ҼҪˣôŵ˵˵
Լս˵ôһĳսЩҲɹˡ
ʵϣһѾЧˡ


1479 ޴죡
עǲˣСı
ǰĶƳһˣͻȻѹɽе飬ǲ˽⣬Ҳǲòġ

ʱͻȻ˵ˡ
λ֣ûв´ץӦþСӣȻȴ˻˺£˲˺Ҳг𣬲֣һɵǡΪʾ⣬ɱʮ˵ˡ
˵Ц
ⷬһڣԪһлͤû˵󷽵˶ʱһƬȻ
ǸңĲ˵ɱ˵˵汳
һ˵ĵӼѡ
ߣʲôҵģ
ĺһͰ˵ɱѪɺӣ
棬һ˵ĵҲŻǺ
һﻹǽƻһɾˣ
һֱԹۣվһ
Ĵ䲻˺˵ĳ֣һ
ʱҲ˵ֻ˫գķչ
ڶһƬҵʱͻȻ֮䣬һĻǼ˶
ˣ˶
䣬˲Ϣ䣬ӰӶзӵ
ЩϴŰɫߣϴźͺ˷ǳƵĺֻۣڡԼԵȫһߣǵؿλãһԲε޼ͼý˿֡
ޣ
ǣ
˺˵˻ûзӦ忴ϵĴǸ޼ͼȴƤһ۾˳
ЩؿϵͼͶߴɹػϵı־һģһֻмϸ΢Ĳ졣
弸˲ͱǵݣֻôû뵽ЩڴвٿһУɱߵȻķʽԼǰ
¡¡˻ûзӦԼڶĺȴ˲ɫ
Ƕͻ㣬Ѹپ۵һţֵܳЩ޴ˣһٴС
԰ټƵĴ޴˲ϢΧ˵ĿУȺֿһϢǿ˿ڼ桢ˣй֮ӰͻȻӱǰ
˲ͬϵӳɫؿȻ̫ɢһ󡢵ţͬʱǿޱȵϢ
ƽʿһҲ뿪
׳۵Ĵ޴죬ͻȻǰһڵ
ϴһţޱȵĽɫߣ·ȴһŮӵ϶䣬͸һɸ߸ϵζ
Ŀ磬Ϊ׵ϣһھͽ֡
ǣڼˡ٣αװɸݣվҪԳǰ
Ϊ׵ĶͻȻڵû˿ҡ
ʶ
Թۣǰƺ뵽ʲôüͷ
ǰԽԽ˷룬ԭΪǳԼģڿȫˡЩޱصػߣ֮ǰΪ˱أƶ󷨲֪ɱ˶ˣڵص׶ڣв˼
ԭΪˮˮǻ಻ʶġڿȫˡǾȻʶ
һеô£
д˷
ǰЩޱصػ˵ΪԼһ˳֣˵ǸΪЩ˶ֵġΪע⵽ޱصػһĿ䵽ϡ
ȻǵҪĿꡣ
˱֯ѵ˵ЩޱصػҲʲôزɣӦø׼ȷ˵ǴɾΪеһУʼڴɾ
аԼڴпǸصĩšͻȻǿҵĸоǰⳡƼ򵥵Ѱ֮ã¿»ľ޴ء
λǧǰɾֻ»࣬ɽ˽ܡ
ܸоЩԪһлͤ桢桢ħ棬Լֺγ֪
ȱҶ˵
ħйâãͻȻʹôܣ˶ߵ
һ࣬Ԫһлֻͤǻ࿴һۣһɫ˫˫һﲻĬѾʹλֻҪһ񣬾ܹ׶Է˼ˡ
ʱѾ֪ԵΪ͵˺ˣˡʱ˿̣˺ֵĴ޴Ѿȫ㡣
Щһﲻ򵥣
˴ʱйͬĸо
жһָоⳡޱص̽Ѱ֮ãĻ»ž޴ܡ
Ѿ޹ؽҪˣΪעҪԶЩΪǵǰ䣬ΪĲǴ̽ǵʵͬʱɾı𣿡
Ϊ׵Ĵ
ˣ
ⷬԪһлͤ桢ħ桢ԼԵļ棬ǻһжӹһ˿Ĺâ

һ˾Ԫ뵽ʲôǰߵԪһ˵ʲôǸһھͱԪһˡ
ȱ˵䡣
ԪһǱܵģԪһ˵̸һЩ
ⳡ̽չУƺЩ֪ܡֻػߵĻƺǱˡ
壬鿴ЩԾ
ͬʱһ࣬һֱĬûô˵Ҳˡ
š
˵ͷϸţ
ɽжǳʮصޣµĸֺǲ֪ġڴ֮ǰû˵һСҲͰˣÿһ֮ĳ̶ֳ˵аɻҪ£ܡ
ȱ𾪶ǣ䣬˳ǵĵϸôӴȴָû֪ǵʵ˲
һҲ˵еĲЩص̫ˣ˲
һ࣬ȻѾӵ塢Ԫһһɽˣ˫ֻʣ¶Էˣֻ޹ؽҪܵġ㡱ѡ
ٺ٣ôôǳô꣬ǶزأعһֶֿЩСֶβǺ𣿡
Ϊ׵ĶЦȫ޿֡
ɣû⣬ЩٵĲرͼҲΪľǽЩֶͨͨһһΣδϹ޳
棬һλ޳ָˣ̲סȡ
䣡
ⷬһ˻ûзˡˣͼڣ׷¶𾪵ɫ
벻ЩٵĴɹرͼȻģ
еһ¶㵵ɫ


1480 أһ
֮ǰ֪ɹĲرͼ֣֮ҼٵĶ١˵ĴɹرͼֻݵĻ䣬ļٲرͼССǧݡЩرͼ¼ȷѪ꣬ܶ˶ɥ
ʼ˵ʱҲֻΪɳɱûȻͺйء
⵽ô£һֱ׷ɱҵĺ˺ѾǧĴɾ֮䣬ʲôϵ
ָоԽԽǿˡ
쵰ɱǣ
ȻôˣŪǣɵǣ
һ࣬һȺ˺˵ĸҲǷŭޱȡ
ǰĶԻ֮ȫһ塣Щ֪ʲôĻ쵰ȻŪ֮䣬ǲǲֱﲻˡ
ߣ
ɨһ˺˵ˣᣬ
ûҵ˭Ҳ֣
һ˶˺˼ͬʱͬŪʵ֮ǰʲôֵĺʱ
֪ΣһŪڹ֮䣬ҡ
Ϊ׵ĶһЦ
ƾˣôɱǣػǼվҪ䵽С
ɵǣ
һ仰ͬʱ籩һɱ˶һڴػߣһγ˵
໣
ֻһĲҽУһѸٵİ½ữǵѸͰѸȼܵɫ½֮

ͬһʱ䣬ʮȼܵĺɫ档
ޣ
ֻ˲Ϣ䣬ЩϵϢͱһأ÷Űɱ¾ŨҵĻϢľѡ
ԪһѾǽһ֣Ҳ֪Щ˵ֻЩ˵ĸһθѡǶ˵˵ǰһǸܵһǰδе𺳡
ô£Щһﵽʲô
һ˵ĸ־ѣ˷׷ɫ̵ֻȥ·ܵ޴ľһ㡣
Щħġ˵ı仯ѾԽ书ķ룬ЩаˣҲоһǿҵӾ
ٺٺ٣һϣͨͨɱ⣡
Ϊ׵ĶЦϵɱŨޱȣʵʡ
һ仰ڵնʱţ棬Ԫһڣ˷׷ױɫ
ߣѰ·ǼȻҳǰȫİգһߣ
ʱһɱͻȻڶΪ׵Ĵ졣
Ǳڶ߻صһ̣˶жһ˵񶯣һƬһ㡣
ãЩӣ
񶯵һʱûзӦȴ˲˳
ڴУЩνЩ񶯵ҪȴǿĶࡣ
˵ʱʱ죬ԺвŸոͷԶĶУĽɫǵ㣬緱һ㸡ڶ߿ڡ
Щ棬ͷƤ飬ըĶɵ˵ڻ겻ɢվһ㶼û뿪ļ󣬶ǰȴѾ˳ɰǧ档
ǰĻս֣嵹η壬ڣ뵽һյľ֮С
ȻһлԶûн

һۻ뱩ŰɢԶϵϢͻȻ֮ԶĶ֮дδ䣬ضҡһٵıԶ¶߶ĲƬʯмϵ׹
ֻ˲Ϣ䣬ģ籩ϢϯأѸٳŶ߱ڶ
ֺĹϵϢ˷׷ױɫ
ޣһֹһͷ
棬޴˾Ȼͬʱ˼ͷޣЩһеߣͬʱ߱Ӵ˵ͷһͷ޳ҲѾ˵جΡ
ǣͻԹԵ¾ɵǣ
޴˶һ̣񶯵飬һƬͬһƬȼյĻһ㣬кȥ
е߲аǺˣȫĹ֮С

Сģ
һ˲䣬ڲ̵ֻĴڶ˷׷׳ҵ̵ֻĵֵĹ
һ˵ĸַӦ˲䱻һֻ͸ڣĲҽ˲Ϣ䣬һɰԵĺɫڶ⣬ס˸֣ܵȼ
ֻһգۣ˾ͱճһŽ̿һصĵڵϡ
ۣһҵܵĻĸͬķ籡˲һ㲻ߡ
Ĳҽڶ
ޣ
󣬴Сģ
˾ŵĴУͷӴɽһͻȻ֮ڶ߿ڣȻһԾ֮뵽˶֮С
֮У꣬ĹЩ޵ϣȴȫûзӳá
˵еһ㣬ȫû̫в
ߣٳЩҲһҪ
޴˵ڶŰʱͻȻһΪ׵Ķ˴һ˵仯ֻ˲Ϣ䣬ʯЩʯϣ仯ɾͭһ㡣
ǰ󲻹һգۣΪ׵ĶڽڰθߣѸٻΪһͷʮ׸ߵĻƽʿ
ӿŵֳϫκΪ֮𺳡
䣡
޴ȭ£ֻһһͷľ޴һȭҷɳȥҺţصײʮĶϣݽȥ޵ı棬һ㱡ģʯļ
˿µ˵ˣԪһɾ뢶̲סƤ壬Ǻ޽ֵģҲ֪Щжôǿ󣬲ҲΪˣŸоԽľ
ǿ书·ȫͬľˣ˵˵Ǵ幥޵ҪСĶࡣ
忴ǰвɰ𶯡УĴΪġ޺ȻһĴɹˣֻҪһ£Ӧ£һ̾ͻ뵽ܵеļ֮С
˵ΨһƣλԿǰкˣˣ˵ţʱԵѹԽСֻҪһ룬ԡȫĴͻ᳹׵߽⣬ʱ֮κһĴҪӵΣա
ˣ
˼ʱһ󲨵Ѿڵķϯ˺ȫڹ֮С
Щɽŷɥ̸ɫ棬ֻԪһɫ糣ѾһЩļ׳ˣȻǶλ˵ȴƺǳޡ


1481 أ
飡
ʯ䣬ֻԪһ̤£ڵϣ̳һ̣һɰ̺ŨϢڱŷеȫ赲⡣
ֻ꣬Ƭ̼䣬ԪһԼ¾ӲɫЩԾ˵ٶ׳󣬽֯һƬһֻֻϣҧЩɫԸ˵ٶȲϵ
زﳤΪɽΪͣǿľѧԪһƾһ֮ͻסˣסĹ
ͬһʱ䣬˵һưԼ˵ȥ

ȻһУ棬ȴһԺٿڵ档δ䣬¡𶯣һĺɫͻȻӵصڶЩгŨʴؼ֮һ£㣬ŰЩϼ͸ȥ
ԤϣлЧӦЩɫͺһī֭һϼѸٱ
Ще棬ʱһ㣬ζ
һĻ仯˵ˣԪһлͤλ˵һ˿ɫǺܿ˾׹
ʹõĲǵǵصЩȻγɵ֮
ϵϼգʺЩ֮Ȼ෴ȻܵЩ֮Ӱ졣
ҵ֮ƲǶãץʱ䣬
˵ӵĶ
ӵǿãûκãǵʵȻֲ֮ǰڴʱѾеĹܹϷãҲΨһĻᡣ
ϣ
һʱ䵶֮ڶһ˵ĸַ׷װγϵĵһ˻ųɱȥǰɱһ
ϸȥͻ֪ÿһ˵ĸֲòóʹ϶һȻһεжѾ׼൱ˡ
һɲǣڣײڶЩϣͺڽһ
ֻƬʱ䣬һƬҡ
ʱһͻȻУҾԽԽĿֻֻСȭ۴СһſţͻȻڵķ
ֻ棬ͷ亹৵һ¾ˡ
ʱֻ֣ȫԸˣڡ
˽ս˷֪һ˳ֱָ⡣
𶯣
ʱһϤӶ𣬼ϸţУ
ͷ˵ȫϣֻҪһ£һͷһֱվһڵѾﵽ˼㣬ֻҪһͻᱬң±֮ǰļһƻҪֲ
Ҹû취ĹһΪҿϢңû⣬ʦŹֿʼ˰ɡ
һϯ˵жʱһ˵ûʱڵȷʵֹۣÿһεĽ֣ÿһεļսڵ߻ħ
ոһôǱɱһڵľҲ˱ñ֮ǰκʱҪҡڻûг֣о񾣬ӿȪ͹ٻ㣬羱ȼѨʹʱ˲١
û־Ѿӣһս嶼ʲô
ˣ
˽ôɲǣֻѾ۵糸˶
˲Ϣŵ˼㣬˵壬޽Ƕ亹
ô죬ô졭

𶴿Уֻ˵ݶǵֲĿͬӰΡԼһҲоǰδеΣգǽ˲á

ֻɫһ㣬ԽԽ岽ĲܿСԴϵĺɫۣҲܿõǸµĵһԽ֫һߵ㣬ë
ʱ䲻ˡ
ۿ˾ҪٲľأԺ֮ͻȻһʱ䶼·仺
һ̣ڤڤУһӹԺһͻȻһƵͷ
а취ˣ
ڰУз·׹䣬ͻȻһ˵Ĺâ
ͷ漴˹ɲǣ䣬һɰľʵʣԺбһ㴩գ˲䵽Զһ˸ֵĵϡ
ߵľǲӰ쵶ģľѾʵʻһߵľȫͬ徫Ĳٿ£һжʱһչ
ϣ
ԭնͷһʵʻľһͻȻ֮ͬ⼸ݺͷ汳һϸߡĵУһɫѪ
ͷֵĺһ֨ļһڵء
ˣ
һ̣ͱһΧ·ըһɣ׷׼Хţ˵ĸֳ˹ȥͷѾȥ棬Ҳ·ܵʲôݼһų͵صͷ˵ĸֳ˹ȥ
һĻ峤һ
ǳѶԸرǳȺӣԷȻҲһԡһ˴ΧͻܵݼһΧɱˡ
һԣȻˣڹؼʱ̽һμȵΣ
ȻΣһ࣬˸ȴ˲˷磺
⣬ô£
˾ǵʵȻףԸͷԡǶԸô棬ʱʧ룬ȫǶ֡
飡
˵ʱʱ죬ҪʱһֻҰ׵ͻȻ󣬻û˷Ӧ䣬һӴģаǵأӿ޷а˲ɳȥ
ĶҹԶ㣡
˶𣬼ԼĲ£óʱҲ˿
ɲǼ䣬ֻһĲҽУû溣Уӵʱ䶼ûֵܼͱһֻֻƤһȼգΪҽ
СӣŪֽţ
һķˣܵǣĿŭܣ䵽˶߱Եϡ˲֪ô£ּĸ᲻ף
һʱ䣬ż壬ɱ糱
һĻаһ⣬ٸвͽСųǿߣ뻢ѨֻСӣȴͷͻ
ۿҪϣұΣյľأһ࣬˺ʹ֮սѽ뵽һ׶Ρ


1482 أ
Ӱ룬֣
ԶԶͻȻһȡ
ԻƽʿӴҲԸоһ˿һ̣ݣһƾӨ͸˿ϸ緢ƥĴһɭɭĶм
˿˲䴩˻ƽʿӴ壬ƲЪ䴩˶˺˵ĸ֡
ٸߵΪҲȫֵסµ˿
ݣ
һһ˿ϵشӶЩ˿Ȼ󲿷ֶǳź˶ȥǶڵҲȫܵ˲
ֻһҽУһ˺˵ĸһСģ˿гΣʱ
һݺύ˿Ѹٽ𶴿߱һΣص壬ټޣһ֣ڵ᧿Σ
ǼһӦˣ
忴Ӱٴγ֣ҲǴΪ⡣ͷƺżļɵһֱڶڣҳֻ֣ƾ辧Ө͸ޱȵ˿Զ빥
֪ͷʲôηԼ
֮ǰսԼǰ֫սĦ֮ն˿ͷӰ˼ӡԼΪɵ
˿ʶ뿪վһ塣
ӰȻ֪ڵã⵹ʹ֮жһ١
ֻǿϧЩ˿ɲôöԸ
忴Ŷһ޵ĺˣа
Ӱ˿ƥȴƫƫܵɫĦ֮ĿƣĦ֮ǵЩˡ
עӰ˿⴦ܵ˼ơ
ͷ룬Ҷϣ
ֻһȣ޴ĻƽʿĿͭ壬͵غ£žžžգ֮䣬ֻһİɫ˿˲ϣɫĦ֮ΣѴӶ˿ء
ΪԶ𣿸
ƽʿĿһ˲Ϣ𶯣߶֮һӴ͸ؿռ䣬ԶӰȥȴʩչ֮ǰԸֶΡ֮ŭ
֨
ԶӰƺоΣգ͵طһֵļХ
Ӱ˿߰ʮ֮Զǻƽʿӵд֮֮ǿöࡣȫƹؿռ䣬ֱӹӰı塣棬ƽʿĻ궾롣
ۿͷϹŴĶҪڶ컯ġƽʿ֮£ʱͻ𡪡
䣡
û˿ףزȻһһεᴩȫֻһɲǣ컯Ļƽʿʧȥ˶ԴصĿơ
ֹˣһĽ£ÿ˶оϵȻһͺһεĽһ
ˣ
ֻ˲Ϣ䣬ͺһ󺮷紵ڣһ˻ĺޣĻһءЩ½ữĺҲожٻ˲١
ͺһԳصӳ˫˫ϡ

ԺͷһоһϤ
λɾ֪ﲼ˶ٴľεǿ޶ԿƵ̽·
Щ˺ٻһ󷨵ӳֵϣֻԺ˵ӰΪء
ϣ
󣬽СƾŴõǿĸоһᣬӳֵ
嶼ܸоڵܵĿеĴ˿ȫӰ졣
ɵǣ
ʱһУһ׳۵Ĵɱڣ͵һָеĺˣȻ˽
䣡
δ䣬һɫĽ춯أ𣬶Ȼϱ
һɲǣ˿ıŤӰãȻ۳һֻչĽɫˡ
ֻ঵ķˣ˻ûӦںսԪһˣȴ˳

˵ǰɽһǿ󣬽ʺŮľѧ
žѧɽ̶ȸǺųƽʮѧĲ
ֻǣžѧ꼻һ֣ŵʱʵ̫̣ܶ˸ûмʶͬʱŮѧɽУķΧ㣬󲿷ֵû˵
ԪһΪɽִţľͷȻ֪Щġ
ڴ֮ǰҲΪһжǼٵģĳЩ丽ᣬԶﴫСԡ
˶û뵽Ŵ˵еǿŮӽѧȻһڴ˵С
ԭճɽɾ뢵ظ֣Щˡֲɽֻ꼻һ֣Ȼ㲻Ӱ
йâ˸˲Ϣ·ʲô
Ҳôɲǣ˵ĿУֻɫķ˺ʹ޴Ľ϶ΪһѸٻΪһֺĽҫ۶Ŀһ͸߶ˣŶ칥ȥ
һǺգն˲ڸ˶һеĹâٶȣǿ쵽˼㡣
¡
˵ĿУǵĽնڻƽʿϡ
𣡡
ƽʿ˫۽棬Ѹٵĵǰһɽ纣Ƴǰ
ȻĪܵһĻƽʿҲɵĽ˼һ˲ʱɫ
ɱ
ͬʱһ󱩺
󣬼޳˲Ϣ䣬󶴱ѿڸǵͭ¶
֮Уĥ̴Сͭ䣬û׹䵽ϣѣͭУһ㣬
ݣ
ֻ޳ϰһָ˲Ϣ䣬ͭУХ籩һ㣬Ŷеĺ˷ȥ
һĻھ޴ӶĽ籩һģһֻǹģСѡ
˴ʹ޳ϵĴ죬еĴ޴Ҳ׷ս
ǵʵǿÿһΪڻ侳֮ϡЩ˼սټϵص׵ã˵ĴʱΪ
ۣ
һͭӹգѸٻһ˵Ĳ˻ûӦһͻȻĲϣͷ­˳ȥ
һֱʱԲ۾ƺԼˡ
𣡡
ͬһʱ䣬ڲͷƽʿɳȥ޻ζһ壬ֶվ
޾޿һţ͵һ棬Ѹٽһճɻҽ
ͬһʱ䣬ЩѸٵĲ˱仯
˵ĿУǵž죬ۿɼٶȱ߱󣬶ǵҲԽںǿ׳
ǵԽԽĺɫҲԾ˵ٶȳ
ͣ
ֻһգۣһƹ̵ĺȫ緢
ǰ󲻹Ƭ̵ʱ䣬Щ޾ͷ̥ǵı仯ɢϢ֮ǰȻͬԽͱŰҲԽǿ
¡ֻһգۡͷޱһ㣬ЮŹĺ̺棬͵ص򶴿еĺˡ


1483 
飬һצ£սģ½ữĺˣʱ֣һ̾ͱӴɳȥ붴֮С
мˣ޿ֲһķ˰

ͬһʱ䣬һĲҽӴʱҲ¶
ӵĦ֮ĺò󣬵ֲĵطԶֹ򵥵Щ죬ȵҪ׵ҧߵı˵Ѫ֮ˡ
Щ涼ǿ˺֣ܶȻ˻ɱ˲٣ǴȻҵ˷϶뵽Щ˵֮С
һĺˣͣ˺壬һص˵ϡ
һ࣬ڶӰ룬ҲѸٷ˹
ݣİɫ˿ڶݺύٴν߱Σյ塣һߺͺˣսж㱻ɫ˿гƬ
ǰ󲻹Ƭ̵ʱ䣬޴ٴռ˾ԵϷ硣
ߣ
ȻڴͶ켤սһɲǣͻȻ֮䣬˶жһ̹ǵЦ
ڵȵˣ
δ䣬ɲǼ䣬һӴģ˸оëȻǿϢ·ɽХͻȻ˸֪СоӴϢڣڼսĴ컹еĴ޴ˣ׷ױɫ
ˣͬĺһ
¡
û˷Ӧһ̣ҡضһֻ޴ĽɫֱͻȻƶڣ͵һȭڴ޴֮С

ĲҽУ˹ʯըһ޴߷ݰ㱻ɳȥ
е棬ǹɽɫͱһƬһֻֻ·ӿе䡣
΢
ɽ⣬˻ûзӦоһϤϢ
۷֮ϣе۹΢硣
ﵽһأѾ췭ظʵĸı䡣
Ǹ¹У
һݣоǰδеΣ
չ黹ˣһֱ嵣ĵľڰеģ֪ںδ¹СȻ¹Уɵġ
취Ͻ뿪ˣĻȵڳ¾߲ˣ
Ӵ޴˶ֵڣǰҲƬ̵ʱ䡣ƾԼıԼʱߣӰԼй˼ɣ޵עȫںϡ
һֱվġˡ˵ȫȫġ
֪Լֲ̫ãһ˻Щ޴ˣԼܿǵĿꡣ
ߣ
һŮգںͶ켤սĴ죬¶һ˿ҵɫȻûϵ¹лʱ֡
¡
Х˵ļХд˷͸һɽζ˵ĿУâ㣬ǣһֱ֮͵ķʽŶ칥ȥ
ʱߣü𣿡
ʱ򣬶˻Ļƽʿǣ¶һ˿Цݡ
֮ǰûпսʱǶҪסҲƾǶ˽⣬ԼԸֻĿƣȫԴݵȥ
ֻڡô뿪
ɽ
һȣʮ׸ߵĻƽʿܵɽХһ㣬Ŵ籩ĹȥƴűˣҲҪס
һɲǣʱɫ
ʱϢ鷢ˡ
ڴĶУâһһӰԣƯڰУϵ¹ߣޱȣĿ
ˣ
¹УһɲǼ䣬Ԫһлͤ棬ħ棬ɽľͷȫƤоһǿҵΣ
¹ɢһӴѹϣ˸оһǿҵģɱɱ˵ֻԶڵĴ죬Զڵˡ
ɵǣһ
¹Ŀ䣬Ȼ
δ䣬һΣǰһ׳۵Ĵ˲֡
¡
˵ĸ֪УͻȻ֮ҡػΣڤڤУͨĳ߲εؿռ䶸Ȼ򿪡
һӴͬȼյҽͻȻ֮䱬ͬˮӿȣ¹ڡ

ֻһʹĽǻֺƵɫʱһֻɫֺɷ顣
ǹɾ޴£챻ģ߰˲ͬһʱ䣬ˡ
ڲ˶ѱ̫мں֣λԽԽˡ¹еλߵģʵҲǿģԸҲΪ°
ҲͰˣһʼ֣ٳ֣͵Ƕһ衣
ǸŮ콻ˣǸɵˣһ뿪
Ϊ׵ĺĿ磬ѸٵĴˣԼڵаߡ
գ֮䣬ĵײڶҽ޴˲ء
Щ½ữԼʩչ޵ĺˣʼתаߡ
Ǹʲô
쵰СЩˣ
һ󾪽ڶ
Ѿǵһκͺ˽֣ԶٻЩ׼̫ҡǱߣȫûʲôˡ
鷳ˣڵĴ򶷳Შǂzġˣʼղ뿪Щ˶ԼĻΧʮа˾ţǶڵĴ򶷾ȥǵĴͲˣ
ͻȻǣһڴɹ˵ĹΧ֮ڡ
ЩɹĴʵʵ̫ǿһĹΧ֮ڣԼǿΪ
ڵĺˣѾʼֵҵĴɱ¾ټʱܹ棬˵Ĵ᧿Σ
û˵Ժд˷
˼᲻ףеΣУȼ滹ҪǿңϾЩһֿǳԼġ
ģа취һ׼ʱܣֻһΣȵŽɫ¹ߵĺڳǾȫӲˡ
ʱڼĶ仰ɫ⣬Ϊ㵡
ӣ˼ǣ
һʱסˣڵʵǳ죬սʱֻվ˿
ûнֵʱҲͰˣ˶ಫʱǾԵʮֹˡ
û˵Ŀɨȫܿһ¾˸ֵĶϡ
ˣ
һ˿Ĺâһ̣һɰľصĺ˵ԺСڵľǿľѾʵʻ£΢£Ķ֡
ǶˣҲܲסĹ


1484 ʮ죡
Զʩչնݣڶб仯ڽĶ棬˵ĳڿ֧š
̫ˣȥȫᱻɱ⣡
˵ĳɫǲѣҲʱ򡪡
䣡
һӴľȻһ㣬ſйȥһ̣˵ĿУһӰƺһȻ¶Ρ
ʩչնݵĶˡ
һ׼ޱȣȫʶΣõǱѡ
һɲǼ䣬͵Ťͷݺݵվڶ߿ڵ塣
ǣ֯Ҳˣ
忪˵ĵһ仰õɫٱ䡣
һ͵ʲôβͣκп֪һϢˣᱻǳ׼
ԾԪһɾ뢶һ֪һھͽǵвء
Ȼ֯Ҳ֣ʣʵĻ֮һ
һ΢ǿߣúһŮˣ˲ݰ
˵ʱһԶһ׳ۣϴŽɫߵĴ졣
ȻϴſӣסΣ¶ĸʣй¶ʵԱ
һŮ죡
СӣɲռʲôˣЩɱԸ㣡
һ⣬һΣ䲻ݷ֮˲һ˳ϵĹ
¡һըı˦졣һգۣʱ㣬˲ʧС
ϣ˵ٶȿ쵽˼㣬ֻ˲Ϣ䣬˳Ͻڽںˣزֱۡȣ˿ڣѪ
֣κε
նݿ쵽ߣ֮նݻҪһءľʵʻΪߵŵĵزܲ׽õ١
ߣô򵥣
ò˵ע⣬Ų˼˵ĳϺԸԼ
٣ȵ¹ڳʲôѾˡ
Ȼ㲻Ը⶯֣Ҿͱ㶯֣
а
Ƭ¶֮УΣأÿ˶СıӶֳ̫ΨֶԷԸȶԸԼҲǶһˡ
λ˳ߣ
λߣת
Ǭλųߣ׽ȸ
λĳߣзǣ

ڵȫķǰ˳ϣնʩչ£ǿµƹ֮㣬вҪʱһͻȻڼ˶ͬʱ

˵ĳ㵣һϳаͽ
˺аʦͽͬˮ֮ǰҲֹһ
˭Ҳû뵽ʱȻǣôһɲǣ˶ЩãȻʧ룬ʴӡ
ˣ˻Ǳܵİ˵Ĳȡж
䣡
ֻתۼ䣬սƶٱ䡣
˰˵ͬʱУһ˲˲ס˵ƹ֮ĿֲҾȻηΪ˱
ģǷʤĴնݣû˴նǿµĹв̶½ࡣ
λʮ磬ɽ
һ̣ٴγָ㣬еһֻһѲ˼Ѫ䣬˲Ϣɫ䣬α˿
쵰ȻҾͳȫ㣡
˻عͷݺݵص壬һɲɫѿޱȡ
ָ˳ϵʽǳׯڰʽʲô˵ʽҲΪˣɳȫûκѡ
ֻҪôָͣ㣬ʱ˵ɱ˵ĳϣܲԱˡ
䣡
Ŀ׺ޱȣĶ弸룬ȻһըѸʧС
аӰȻʲôȴܹĸоһӴϢԾ˵ٶȳԼ
Ϲˣ
忴һĻǹһĨóѵЦݡ
䣡
ڵ໹߳ߵɲǣȫľһа㣬ݺݵغ뵽ԺС
ѾʵʻľӲĺԺЧԺвһذס
һײöðǡ
׼ʹóľУɱǽӶıţŭգıԡ
˵һɲǼһīаޱȣͬʱΣյУЮɽ纣б׵㳯ȥ
Ǹ׳磬ޱȣԼмУͫһ˵ʱޱȡ
һ
ѸٵһɲǣͻȻ֮䷢һȣ
棬ڣ
ʯ䣬岻ɷ˵Ѹټնݣƶȥ
ͬһʱ䣬һ±˳ŵصף͸뵽Ķ֮УһɫŨУļʬ塣
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬ÿɲǣ˷Ǳ׳УĶ֮С
ֻһ춯صľ죬߹էһ־޴Ľɫֺ̣ƵͻȻ֣Ǿ춯صһ
Ǹɫ̣⣬˲ɫһɲоһǰδеĿΣ
ˣ
𺳵ĿУһߴӰϢ磬Ȼ֮Ӷڳ˳ٶȿò˼顣
ڷɳ֮󣬾ͷ·һεϣɼתȻͣͣ˵Ĺȴ˿ûֹͣļ
¡һ̣һգ̫֮滹ҪĿֲɽХһ㣬籡ҵĻ˶ĵˡ
ԭϵҲת˵ϡ

Ŵɹ˵ͻȻ֣һƬȻ
ʱ˿ֻ̣˿Ϊ
ĿһֱĶŶߣ˳ڶ⣬¶һ˿ҵķ϶ɲǣ¶˼ѡ
ڣ
һΣոѧ᲻õնʩչ£Ѹ߿ͨŶԽ
ڽɲǣ۽ֻƵգֱʡ
֮УϼⰨȻֳһƵĽɫ¥ⶰ¥ֺׯϡ
ֻǿһۣһƳ䣬ֻ¥ƺʮ㣬ÿһϢͬ˵ĸоʮֹġ
ͺЩܶ¥㣬ÿһڲͬĿռ֮С
ΪˣҲû˹Ĺ
ʮ죡
ʯ䣬ͻȻһڶ𡣲һͬ붴еļ棬һɲǵƺϳʲô


1485 Ŵع
ߣǺܿͳˣ
ѹѸٴջĿ⣬ȫٳǰȥ
¹Ѿȫס棬Ȼ˵ʱסһлᣬͻ
Ƶзѣһ׷ϣڵ״ֻ·һΨһǰȥᣬ¹У˵ľ룬Ӯһ˿Ϣ֮
õĽǾҵɹ˳뿪
ХֻŨܲϵӿ
һ·ǰȥأоЩԡ
ǰߣƺĶ߽Ȼͬŵ²Ǵֲڵʯһʵĵש
ͨ࣬ҲͨĶڣȴǼӲĽֹˣŨ֮УȻᵽһɵġ̴ζ
ԭһͬ붴еļ棬Ҳ֪ʲôʱʧˣľ̽ȥûзλá
ܲˣþҵ·
аܿ켯еǰ
һɲǣͷӹԺǼӲĽǽڡ̣е̴ζ뵽ʲô
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ͳɹӡ֤еĲ²⡣
ˣ
һ·ͨǰУԼǧ֮󣬾ͨľͷһƬһ·̨ͭǰ嶸Ȼͣ˽Ų
ع
忴ǰȻֵľ޴ռ䣬Ժ˲һͷ
һ޴ĹŴ֮УһɫģͺĲɽ¯ðһ̣Ǽŵ̴ɢġ
ڴ룬һ߸ߵ̨ϣһ޴
Щḷ̌Ǿͭɡ
⵽ʲôط
˵ĸо
ϰ⴦ص۸ӵĶ磬ͻȻ֮䣬һӴģ·ʷĹŴع˵ĹС
ǰĹյģһӰԽˣԽǲҴ⡣
廹ǵ֮ǰ˵ģɾܹ˵˵
ԽֿưȫĵطԽǲ׵ķɾ衣
ˣ
ڴտĵعʱͻȻ֮ɫ΢䣬һֻ̣һɾҵʹӸﴫ
ַˣƵԽԽˣȥ취ҵɹߵºܿҪ߻ħˡ
վһŵͣĲῡݵϣԳһɼʹɫ
亹ŴŵĴĶͷ䣬һɲǣ͸оһֻԼڣ߾ʹ
˫ۣƶڵģһĸƽڲߵ
֪˶ãڣڵƽ׶ĵʹҲʧ
뾡뿪ˣһҪҵɹ
̧ͷǰ
գ
ʱһٵƿҵĽŲӺ󷽴
㣡Сˣ
һҪҵ
ýƻĻ֮ӣ

ƿŷŭЩˡ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ʱֱ˳
˵ʵǿޱȣļܲסһƣû뵽ȴסЩˡ
ʵ÷ǳʱǻϱɡ
룬һɫ㣬ѸŲǰĵعȥ
ۣһԾһʮɣ˵عĹ㳡
Χǹ̴ζԽŨ
꣡
żأӴعʯʱͻȻһϸ΢ĹСһȻͣ˽Ų
ȻˣմɿѰûֹͣԽܼ
ˣ
ɫһ䣬Ȼ̧ͷĵط
棬عһ̨ͭϣһһɶߣ˺ϱͭϣһܡ
ܵıʻҺɫ֮ǰΪֻһͨͨĵܣû̫⡣ڿԶһô򵥡
žžܱϸԽԽ࣬ǰ󻹲һܱմ͵ըѿմɵ£¶һҰ׵Ӱ
ͬһŴۣ͸¶һŨϱʱڣ˵ķ񡣶ͬ͸¶һϢ
ˣ
Ժ˲һͷǱ֮ǰˡ
˵ϢһģһǰλȴλӵĹϡ
ˣ
ͭϵˣ˫۾ͬĿն񣬶۾ͬʱͻȻһǰδеΣС
ΣУͺɽʹ󺣰㣬ХֱҪϢ
ͬʱˣͭϣʱ˾˵ı仯һӴ˲Ϣ֮ǰ˻ҪǿͿ£·籩㣬ǵӰڱס
һɲǣӰƺضɫ
ӣ
˲Ϣ䣬ǼᵽһŨҵϢɹˣһһǿǰչ¶ǿʵֻҪһƣҪԶڴˡ
ͬʱӵٽӽ˶֮⣬ĺ˴С
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Щ˾ѾԽԽˡ
ǰѸѣ󷽺ڲϱƽΧսţ·ֹͣԼǻ
ֻҪƬʱ䣬˴Ų¸ϵͭԼʱԼֻ·һˡ
εʱδšÿһ̶һ
弫򶨣Ժмٵ˼Ƕͷϲ亹˵һС
һ̣ʱ䶼·ֹԽԽ
ӣ
˵ʱʱ죬ΣʱͻȻ֮һϤУ

ѣȻǴ벻Զĵ´
ˣ
֣벻Զľ޴ɽ¯ͻȻŲ¶һԲεĶڡ
кģʲôҲ壬ǶڣȴһϤֱ۳Լ֡
棡
忴ֱֻۣ𾪡
ͼһͬ붴ߣ붴ߵٶȱȼ滹Ҫ죬ǲ֪Ϊʲôʧļ棬ȻҪһҾȻĵط
죡ܲԶ
һǺ˵
ϸ룬һݣȻԾ뵽˲ɽ¯µĶ֮С
ڽɲǣһ޴صĲɽ¯˹ס˶ڡ
𶯣
ڰУͻȻޱȡ
û˵ͼͬʱͣȫë׷գһϢ˼㡣
ڵλòûгػķΧڲɽ¯µİУʵϲܰˣΣ
һ̣˼⡣
һҵĽŲعڴâһһӰѸٳ˽Ϊ׵ĺȻǺ彻ֵĶˡ
һ½ữͺ޻ĺˣȫۼ
߳ߣ̨ϣ̧ͷ棬һ۾ͿǰѾյˡһ˫Ѹĺϡ
һ̣һȺϣҰ㣬ŰϢڸ˲ɽ¯µˣ˾ͭ˵ע⡣


1486 ܣ
ã
Ŀ϶˵ʱվǰĶһһĶʱˮס
䣡
ʮɵľһԾɫҰ׵ĻˣȰԽؿռ䣬Ѹٳ˵ǰ
һģƵϯȥ
󣬽ϼƵĹŴͬı
˲ͬ¥ʮ֮࣬
ڣߣ
ڰУдعһȺ˺˴սʱ򣬼һݣһβ㣬ϢѸȥ
һȻӹ·ܿ췢һͨͨУˮϢһɲǣʱʲô
һݣڼȥ
Ȼǰӣ
·һʣ֪ͨĺһǶʱ¶һ˿Ц⡣
֮ǰʱƬصһصİӣǿˮĸ֣û뵽붴֮صװ֮Уһһ·Ǳ

Ҳ˼ʱƬصװԽԽֱ˲˰֮С
գۼ䣬һ̹ǵĸоӿƬصװӣԼеĻҪ䡣ǲ֪Ϊʲôˮɲǣ֮вûнһ˿
еĺˮˮݰ㣬İΧ塣ͺӱͺһһ㡣
ˮȻ
а
ӵôǿĿˮǴӺܸߵĵط׹Ҳἤκˮ⣬Ҳֻмˡ
һܹʹ콵ˣһص׵İӣȻҲڻ¡
ߣսʱٲ뿪ܿͻᱻע⵽ھ˵ľ䷶Χ֮ڣﲻǾ֮أ
һԺܿԺһڱİζһ߳֡
˵ͷζѸ׷ȥ
İӾر̫ϡֲ̫áҴ뿪Ȼȥر͸
ڰУľ͸ûԺԵʮֽ
ûпĵطģڵص޴ڵľƣ벻ܸ̫Զ
㣡
εߣһ߽һƬ̵Ҷ˹ȥ
ʲô
ͷһۣһ
ǺǣԾ֪ˣ
Цûϸ͡
һ·ʩչֶΣͨص׵İӣķʽԽްصĹؿȻ˱ΣգҲ˴˲ٶ
ܹ촿ҶǾͲ֪
ƬҶУоĿ̹ǵİУһһ˫壬һ¶𾪵ɫ
Ȼֶ
Ǿ㵣
ǴģҶǾĿڰ֮⳩Σظرлˡ
֪ܹҶƬжҪһףϡĵطֱκεʵõöࡣ
ҪǣڼӵǿˮϵƵľ˵ֲһٴķҲв
һƬҶ㹻ֺܾˡ
ǺǣҲЩ޵һЩջ񡣡
΢΢һЦҲûйĽ͡
ӻȡöҶݵ˼С
ƾ⼸ƬҶڰмּʱˡ
ߣҴȥǰ濴
泯֣Ѹǰȥ
صװ׶߰˲ζˮ䣬ȴǳ峺Ϊû㹻ˮеĺҲǳͣΧҲ壬΢
彫ɢȥ͸ӣΧĵزʱоһЩĵط
Ǻǣа۵ĵӣȻǿ󣡡
ʱ򣬼ڶƺľٶ
ǰ⵽ô£ӵϷǡ
忴ǰļ棬¶ѯʵɫ
Ǻǣ𣿡
廹û˵꣬ͱˣ
Ҳڵص׵İ˺ܾãʼƲȥûа취뵽һ㣬ȡɹԭ򡣡
˵ɾͨ񣬾ܹԤ֪δѡѱѾԤȷпƹķʽ治Ϲ˰
˵һ̾û˿ϧ͸¶һ˿Ϲλɾľ;塣
ʱľȴȫе˼˵ĿС
ͼ治ͬľҪӴĶ࣬ڼ˵ʱľѴշ̽
˵ǿ;󲿷ֵĿȻͬ
󲿷ֵĿԭʼĿʯҪᴿ֮󣬲ܵõеĽͷȴȫǴȼߵĽ
ĸ֪УֽܣƺȾֶҪӲ
׼ȷ˵ӦǴɾԼĶ쳣ӲĽ֮С
ˣ
Ժӹͷ΢𣬶ʱ·ʲô
ľȻȫ֪һ·쵽ȥֻоƬޱ޼ʣƺ޶Ķ߶
֮ǰѾڵ°ѲһȦˣ֣˴֮еǸͨ⣬ӣƹһȥԽԽԶܽ˴޶ڲ֮ǰͨҶʮа˾ţ⻹Ǵɾڵĳӣعʱͨרȡˮ֮ãϾ¶ʮа˾ţɹ书ĵط
ȱˮֽǲܾȡˮ԰ˮҲΨһԴûв´ĻӦʼͰ֮һȻķ϶ԲŻᱻѡȡˮ֮أϿ󣬲һɽ¯ΪΡ
ȡˮǲò飬˵ɾµڶȡˮ֮أ˺еڶͨõɹֻнع֮УһعصĴȥɾȫܡ
һߴǰȥһ߽͵˵͸һεʧ
ɹжǿѾۼʶ˶ļжǿ֪
ʵļֻڲ֮䣬ðӵҲǿ̫࣬ǿдأֻ·һ
ԴɾߵʵͲ
ǰȴпһ𣿡
ͻȻڵ
ڵʵȼ涼Ҫ涼ȥ͸ˡ
ֻǣ岻ͬ޷õɹԴݶˣȴܣòɹ޷ҵмĸ߻ħӴ˳ΪһˣӴ


1487 
Ҳã
Ƭ̵˵ͷһ˦ͬһ㣬ǰȥ
׼ǰȥʱͻȻһĲӺ󷽴
ˣһӿͼһ˻࿴һۣڶԷпͬء
°Ӻ͵رĲͬˮ䣬̹ǣҪǣĺˮ൱ƽӿҲᷢκεֻʱ򣬲Żᷢ졣
˽ˣ
һ˫ü
⴦°Ӹûô׷֣Ҫܹ뵽İ취Ųɽ¯ҵµȡˮͨ
֪ʲôˣ
üͷ¶˼ɫ
Щǳģ
ҡҡͷӼĽǶȣжϲԷǵѣȴ֪һЩˡֻǲгɶԼ׷ţԼӵҲҪԼѳ
ҽ밵ӵͨصĵعʮа˾սʱ򣬴ݻ˲ɽ¯¶ͨǷ˶ߡ
ֻͨһЩ˽ԼȴʼûзԼ׾ͻ뵽ɽ¯¶ͨ

ںͼ潻̸ʱһӺ󷽴ԷԾ˵ٶȳͼķ
ߣ
ͫһ͵һ壬˲Ծ˵ٶǰȥ
ͬʱ׵ĺ󷽣һϢӰˮмζϵĳ˵ķӽ
ϸȥͻ֣ᷢЩ˻ºֻۣһ˫۾棬ޱȡ
Ĳ²ûӺ󷽳ȷʵЩˡ
죡ͨͨһ飬ֻһǲܷȥңһҪץСӣ
˵죬Ѿλ˵УֻʣǸСˣ겻Ƕ֪
ڰУ˺͸һԺС
ǣˣ
빪
ǰĿһѸǰ
𣡡
һ̣һܣˮۼȻ˲Ϣ仯Ϊһʮ׵
ֱʱ¶ϾȻ̲һǿˮϵ
䣡
ˮ𵴣һƶһ˺Լһǰȥ
ڵرʱʵƣǵˮУʵûһء
Сӣ߲ˣ
ڰУйâĲơ
ÿ죡
һͼ˸Ӧж΢΢𶯡
ߣ
һ˿ѩĹâһͬǰȥͺ󷽵첻ͬǰʱϢеˮˣǰֿΪóһͨͬʱҲˮ
ֹˣԼһǰʱоˮƺһӴǰ
ǹɽ¶ˮȻȻȴȺ󷽵ĵ˻Ҫǿöࡣ
ľɨΧȻ֣ǰİУ˾ֳһ޴ģʮ׳ģˮ۶ɵ泤ꪡ
֮У͸¶¶ϵϢ
ǡ
۽һ£ͫ׶Ȼ˲Ϣ䣬뵽ʲô

ڤڤһͷԺʱһ֪ǿˮϵ
ŹΪǴϹʱˮ񹲹ӵǿĲ˼ˮϵĵ伮мأҲĩʱżȻĵӦļ¼
Źı־ҲױʶķʽһˮУʩչʱʩ߾ͻֳһ޴Ĺꪡ
һֱΪŹѾʧû뵽ȻڼϷ֡
ֲüԿ콵꣬Ҳˮ£
а
治˵ȻҲȥƣÿ˶ԼܣȻҲ⡣
沢ûע⵽仯Ŀһֱǰ
Щһﵽʲôˣˣ˶ǳŴɹȥģЩһȴ׷š밵ӣܲЩ̫ˣЩеľ뢣ҲһͣǰȴδŹǺЩ˺кԨԴʵ̫ˣ
૵ȫûнϵһ
Ժлͣڶ죬Ů˵ǷС
ڼɾ˵ЩȻǺܴ𺳡
û˵ɫȻĬ˲٣֮ǰзһսࡣ
Ǽӿٶˣץǣǲװݵģ
ͻȻתƻ
ĻҲоĶ΢΢üͷ
ߣεǰȥ¿ѷǴ˶ãͻҪ뿪

ûõģû⣬ǵӦҲִɫҶ
ҡҡͷ˵ĵһ仰üһ
ҶǴӴѵģ˷˲ٵĺˣȻҲܴϵõԺ˱ֳĶԴ˵˽⣬׼ʲôƵĶҲ⡣
ô죿
˲ɫ
֮ҲΣյġε̫ԶͬʱҶĸɾܼʱҵڣ߻ص㣬ͻƵʿĻʱľˡ
鷳ǣͼ滹ܱ¶Լǻֻͨ˿ڵ°ӣȴûа취ȷϡ
һǣǽиĺˣԴԴϣ밵ӣ¹жпܳ֡
ͼ治ò˼ɵģٺǰͼ沢Ǵ֡
¡¡
˽ͬʱǰȫǰʱͻȻ֮䣬һӴͻȻϷͷϷӴĽƺһεƶ˵š
ֹˣ˶зһĻľѡ
Ǵˣ
ʯ䣬ԺжȻһͷ
صףܹЩصģҲֻдˣֻʵ̫ӴӴģޱ޼ʵĽ
ǿĻأȻǴ˸оΣԸЩ˵ģ
а
˽صװѾһʱˣȻ˱ܹ˾ΣҲ޷رϵ
⺧˵һؿеսضûҪҡ
ã
˼ʱͻȻһ󾪺ԴһݣȻعͿܵĶڶмǰʮ׵ĵطϷҲݣһ޴ʯЮŴɳϷ䣬˲˰ӣҲ˵ȥ·
һ˲䣬ͼͨͨɫ


1488 ߣ
ݣ
Ծ˵ٶȳǰȥǻǳˣһɻǵڵ°ɢͼҲڵ°ͣ
ô
һɲǣɫѿޱȡ
ع֮еսȻӰ쵽˵صףһס˵ȥ·һʼû뵽ġ
쵰ֻӲƴȥˣ

عͷķбһǿҵս⡣
սʤˣҲͺѾɲˡ

ڼ¶׼ͺһʱͻȻһӺ󷽴ƺƴ˿ڵ֮¡
ܵɼǰϢͼͨͨɫ
°֮УɾµľȻڡ
ȻûôӴľĹ͵µİΪһ壬ĳ̶ֳϣڰеı仯֮廹Ҫ
ˣ
ˮ̹ǣվڼԣһͬȥ
°֮аգ۾κζоһӴΣϯ
һͼ򲻹Ҳǿԣǵۣڶ԰½ữ޵ĺ˸˵ʵѵֵס
źˮͼɫأ¶ǰδеĽɫ
ӣˣҵˮԱãһҾסǣ취ܡ
¶ĳ־ġ
һ£
ʱͻȻָֹ˼棬ɫ򶨣Ժ˲ͷ
һԣɫ㵣ȵ塣
룬ʲôҲˣʵǿôխͨ˼ùǡ
սΨһѡ
ʵ벻廹ʲô취ӹһ١
ǿ޴ʯԼİӣǾڶʱڽġôЩѾϵˡ
û˵ֻеɫԽˡһɲͷӹԺʱδ죬˵ʱ䲻ˡ

ͬʱ󷽵İС
˻ˮмٵǰȻܵ󷽽ӽӴϢɶͣ΢΢üͷ
ֻˮֻ䣬˴żӣԾ˵ٶȼǰ
ô£ǲ𣿡
ͣˮУ˵
ɹ񣬲ǵģץǸСӣǸ¡ʧܣҶ֪ʲô
Ϊ׵Ķ˴һˣڲԶͣ
ֻ˵һ䣬׹
˸˽жȲûȡλ˵ͬ⣬ڵ˿Ҳòôˡ
ҲֻˣǶܲʧܵĴۣ
˵
ǸСأ
Ϊ׵Ķ˿ڵ
ʱûҵõģϾͻҵˣӾôӲԶ
һ䣬ͳеĺˣĿѸǰȥ
ǰʱѸٵɨΧ̺ʽޣŹκһʮףʮףʮף˾ͼλԽԽ
һɲǣص׵İӶ·ˡ
Σһ˫ʱᱬһսͼʱ뵽ȵΣС
ˣ
ʱͻȻһ棬͵뵽˶֮С
ǰ㰴˵򲻵ǧҪ֣
°ӵϷǼӲޱȵıȾͭҪӲĿȴˡ
ͼȫ׵ĽУ
ӡǣ
ľٶ˫۴˶סˡ
ôľ룬ַʽƭʵǿĺˣôܣɫ侲û˿ĻңҪǲǸоΣգ̫ܵĴ̼ƫִ
ǰ˵Ȱ˵˵ķЧʱٳҲ١
ƺ֪ʲô
ðɣ
ĬƬ̣ԶԽԽĶˣҧҧڵ˵ͷ
ԶԶ
ĿɨΧѸΧӰӶ׹ʯָһţһˮЩĥ̴СʯѸٶѻǰΪһϣ˵ڵ˺󷽡
һĻа˵ͷ
ľȷʵḻһҪмģ˵ǰˡ
ھͿûˣ
Ժӹͷһ̣ڼԾĿУһɰľڱ
֮ǰͬʵʻľɢ£Ͱһ㣬İӰͶΪһ塣
һ֮ɾϢ˲ûް
ɻ󣬸տʼʱʲôǸоľϵı仯һ㣬ڻرɫ¶𺳵ɫ
ôܣ
һͲľɢϢȻ͵¶Уɾµһؾһģһ
ֹˣʵʻľסǰЩǶڶϴССʯ˵塣
ʼʱûзӦֻһӣȻ壬ڼľ֪УȻһ顰ʯһ㡣
ɽҲ˼ʱ䣬ʶʿɾ뢣иǧٹֵ书ûһȻܹͨģʯȻеĶʹԼʯȻеĶɢͬϢ
治ûͷҲ֪Լ˵ĸ֪пҲͬЧ
˼飡벻ľǿֵز
о𺳣δһ˶ھþȻܹﵽֵز
һɲǣ뷨û˿ԥѸٷԼȫëףͬʱȫϢ˼㣬ʯ㣬Ƕڶһ
ΧѸٵļž
ֻ°֮еˮӿ
ԶˮӴϢԾ˵ٶȣͼڵλö
Ϣ籩һ㣬ڵִˡһɲǣ֮ˮ̵˼㡣
ǰĵ·ˣ
ӲԶ
ϸѲ飬һ

ڰ֮УѩɭޱȡΪ׵ĶڰϷǶң밵ӵĶֻаߵľ룬˫ŷվ̹ǵĺˮ֮С
һɲǣʱ䶼·ֹˡ
˵Ŀ磬ѸٵɨΧ֮Уͼ˫һһ㡣
һǣҲŵ˼㡣


1489 ģ⾫ƣ
Ȼֶηǳֱ˼ǵûãܲˣյЧ
ɣ
ԽԽףףףͣĿɨΧͬʱһӴľ˲ɨΧ
һɲǣе廹򶨣һԵļȴŵ˼㡣һص˼ƣľȻɱϾĴγɵľƻһֶαʶƣͻ֡
ȻԷ˶ڣʱҲֻƴһˡ
ʱһ̷·ֹͬס˺ޱȵ档
ľǴӴɾʹ⻹ǵһΣмơܲĸ֣һлδ֪
˵ľ廯ɵľͲԽԽҲ
һ
ĬĬ
˵ľƿնûнӴڵɲǣû˿ԥкһľ˲
䣡
һɲǣľɢɣ˷˶Ȼ˽
ֻգۼ䣬ľͺͬʱײһ
һɲǵײͬɽѣ˴ֲ

ô£
ͻıʣɫȻû˷ӦľѾһָҵĹ
ҺһߵĹͬľǼ򵥵ֱֱˣǰĳĹ켣ܼͬάϸ˿㣬ҵĹ
ַʽһˣһȺ˵ս
˲ŲոճһȭѾѸٵĳȭÿһȭĹصȶȻͬ
ֻ˲Ϣ䣬ɢľѸٵҡŤ飬Ȼֱɢ
У˵ľڶû
ѾɢС
ôܣ
Ǵɾľƣ
ûȵͼ淴ӦˣȴѾһޱȡ
˶ʱҡͼȻǵһֱӺ˾Ӵһͨˮһֱ֪еı仯
˵ķӦԼı仯Ѿ˵һС

ʱ˿̣˻Ҫǿҵöࡣ
Ȼþģ󷨵Ч
д˷þ޷ƽ
ԱĿãţ˾Ȼܹƾһ֮ߵľģ³󷨹ķʽҿ
˶ߣȻģ³̶ȣѾﵽ˾ǶԷֱĵز
ô£Ӹܽ뵽ɾĶģһҲ߽ôоƣ
֮󣬵ȻعĿ¶һ˿ɡ
Ƚ밵ӣһ·׷ٹģ֮ǰʱûôԵľţʱͻȻ֣̫ˡҴɾ޹ؽҪİУýƸʲô
ɾδ֪óЩϵشκεľƣҲֹ˴ӵ°ӽ뵽ģµֶΡ
Դɾ·ӦûһССľ棬ǰ»ĻͬСɡ
ʱһ񲨶Ӻ󷽴Ϊ׵ĶͻȻ˵ˣĿ¶˼Ĺâ
ڴ޶еһԵ÷ǳһжΪеǸʵ̫Σˡ
µֻؽƣҲ֯˲ء
ߣûо޹ؽҪҶҪҵСӣȻûа취ʹþ̽⣬Ҿһ
˺޺޵
һֻԹѾԸɿڡ
䣡
û˿ԥ˻һһӴڱͬˮǰϯȥ
һĻ֮ͼ˲ɫ
þģ´ɾľƣҲƭ˵ľ֪Чȴ޷ͬķʽһǿߵ
һе̺ʽͼȻᱩ¶š
һ£
ڵˣͬˮ㸲ǹȥҪﵽڵλʱ
ͻȻİ֮УһֻͻȻӺ̽˳ץס˵˵ļ
һǹ糱ˮҲʱͣھĵط
죬ǣ
ֱŤͷĶ졣ΪʲôͻȻʱֹ
ô鷳ˣ
İУɫᣬһָָǰ
ܹͨҲֻмʮףڲڣһԱ֪õô鷳
Ļ˻عͷֻǿһۣɫסˡһһ졣
һ·Ӻ׷ֻץ壬ûע⵽ǰֻͨ׳
ңλжĸˣ˽ƻºܿͻҪǵİʱϱȥ»ܶ಻Ҫ鷳սپɣ
δΪ׵Ķɫһ㶣˲Ϣ֮䣬Ӱһǵ綸Ȼһ¡һ̵ضҡһӴĻϯ籩һ㣬ǰĵ°Ӻȥ
䣬ɲǼ䣬ϵıը쳹صףܼĺ£ʯɳӶ׹ʯը÷
еĺˮҲʱԽĻǡ
ɫ䣬ƷΣڰ֮УĶŶ档
һɲǣΧһƬţƶĺҲһͽգרעɨǰ
ʱΰ֮Уκһǵ۹⡣
ȷС𣿡
֪˶ãһƬԵУΪ׵ĶͻȻƼž
Ŀûпǰİӣǰĵϡ
ʲô˼
仰˻رɫ
仰ڻѴһĵط
ѾˣȷĿСӽ˰𣿡
Ϊ׵Ķ˵
ܣۿ֮ͨУع֮дɾӰأܴȥӵط
˵θ˼֣Եüޱȡ
˭ܱ֤عоͲİȻͨ°ӵͨδؾûصĻءǷִµİء
Ϊ׵Ķ˵
ˣ
ɲǼ䣬еȻֹ˿Ŷ죬ɫʱһ仰˵ˡ
Ȼͨ°ӵͨڣѱûͨ
һ̣Ļ˵
߰ɣҪ˷ʱˣ
һ䣬˦ƿˮˣͬһ㣬ѸʧʱİС
ϴˣ
һڵļžУһҲѸٷӦŶ뿪ķ׷ȥ
쵰ô
ҧҧںʧ˰С
䣡
뿪ʱһһɰХйԵĺڰӶ˵ĶϣƬʯ¡¡ͨ


1490 صͨһ
һжָ˼žֻа֮У࣬Լǵĺˮ֤ոշһС
áһݰӺ͵׶ðһ̣Ӱӵصе˳
ˣ
һ𣬶ʱ˻ࣺ
Ӧİȫˣ
κξĸ֪ױԷ֣ҲֻмĹʱصնеĶַ֡
ţӦǷˣ
˵ͷͬϵ࣬ɫ΢΢԰ףϢЩңȻһͼ涼һЩۡ
ǣӣİ취Чһ㣬Ǿıˡ
д˿˿ҡ
УŻ׸ոһɲǣжôΣա
ľƣ޲ĹǰѾôͼ漸˲Ϣͻᱩ¶һս
˺ڣͼʵѵֵסô˵Ĺ
һ̣þ֪ͨ棬עǶǰαװʯ
Ȼʯƣ壬ӲĿһҲΪ׵Ķ졣
Ȼʵǿ󣬵еĹǰʯϣȻܷʲô
ˣֲֿȴӲ˵ġ
Ψһֵҵǣ˵Ĺ鲼׳ĺӵǿĹôɢɱҲ½ü
Ҳֻǽӹһٶѣ˵˭õЩҲụڧء
˰֣Ժȴ֮ǰˣڰ֮лͻĳ
ڧ˽̽ٴͣҲѾǷˡ
Σûйȥǻ취뿪СҪǣ취ҵɹ
һ仰岢û˵
濴ȥ˳ᢣһ޴ΣΪ֮Уܹоɾ뢣ʱ򶼶ѡ
ֻ֪һеı֮£ڵڲϵļӾ硣
ȻƭˣڵҲ˼ءһʹϵĴӵĵط
֪Լ̫ãҪٶҵɹ
ͽҰɣ
ʱ򣬳Ԥϣ΢΢һЦǰһơ
ˮӿ䣬һӴ˲Ƴ֮ǰİӺӵ˲ͨ
޴ˮͶʯ֮Զ
ֹˣְ׹⸡֣һε˲ᴩƬӡֻ𶯣ɳʯ˲룬ֻգۼ䣬ԭǵĺˮʱ峺
һУָս֮ǰ״̬
һĻ嶼΢΢𶯣¶ȵɫ
ĹˮϵĲٿѾﵽǷ켫˵ĵز
ֻһ֣嶼޷쵽
ӣǽô죿
ͨ걻İӺӵܿתͷ塣ˣ൱ŷ
ƽ¼ǺռرͼѰޱصλãֻǶ֮УӦ˵ΣͰӶˡ
չֳӡ̣óϷҲ֪кͣһģܹ֮ͬߡ
û˵¶˼ɫֻҪôǰҪôˣͨѾͨԭ·ҲΣСѡ
ǰɣ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ڵûаֵԥ
ϣھۼ˴ߣˡˡˡˡŷߣԼɹߡĲ˵ǵϵĻˣͲܹӦġ
ص治޷ģֻҵɱ֮С֮£ڰ֮зȫġֻҪ취ҵӣϷĽཻ򣬲ҴҵĵطȻٷص棬ܹƹϵļˣһЩΣյս
Щˣƹһһ
عһĻˣͼжǳġ
¡¡
˳ĬʱͻȻ֮䣬ضҡһҵϷ
Ϸصף֪мʮﳤĽٴξҵĲ
ϤĻٴ˶
ͼ涼û˵ͷϷĬĬš
Щǿ£Ϊػɾıأǲ֪˶ٵĻ塣ƣֻʲôǿĻرˡҵͻȻЩףЩ֪ʲôĺˣʵ߾ȴҪСļٵĲرͼ̽·ˡɾµֶΣСﰡ
̧ͷһµɫȻ֪رϵǾƾϷǿ𶯣Ҳ֪ϷսضΪҡ
û˵е¶ͬ뷨
¡ʱͻȻһҵһˮӲԶ
ѭȥֻһɲǣ˵
ֻʮ׿ĵطǿסӺӵľ޴ʯܵϷ𶯵Ӱ죬Ȼɶһ£¶һεķ϶϶˶Ǵϲѡ
̫ˣ
һļ
ǿ˳ȥˣ
ӵЩʯͷȫӲʯ
ڼԤУԭҪӲܹͨһͨʯɶֱ¶һ϶Ȼ϶̫󣬵Ƕ˵Ѿܹ˳ͨˡ
¡ڼĿ£޾İӺˮӿĿ͸ǵεķ϶ϵĳˢȥ
һ飬ʯͰ֮ͨϵֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ͨһܹһͨͨ
ߣ
泯֣һǰһѸٵĴͨǰȥ
ͽҰɣ
һƬڵĵصףͼ沢Уͬβڰǰȥһ˵ţһ߽ӴľչѸٴ͸ԼϷҲ㣬ϷĽ̽ȥ
Խ̽飬ԽǸоͷƬܡӲԺһĽ΢ޱȣͨȣĭĲ£ҪǿƹعпƻߵĴɹߣֱӽĵĵطɹǲܡ
ǹƴ󣬿ûмʮϰ꣬ɵˡ˵Ҫǵ乤ߡȱ
ˣܵĽȴ޷赲̽⡣
֮ǰ»ˣɾ֮ڵصײӴľƣ»ΪڽĴ޶һ˵ľʵʻ֮ǰ̽鲻˶ԶҲ޷жϽ˵ѡ׼ȷĿڵصˡ
ѡλòԣǻĹ򣬰ѽڴҲһûáҲѹЩˣȻӴԴʼշǳĽ׵ĳ֡
һڱİζһ߲ϵķ˼⡣


1491 صͨ
޵ǿѾﵽԭ߰˱֮࣬ľѾþ󲿷ֵߣɽľڣΪ֮־ˡҲڵصոϢ鱨Ļ
ľ̽ⷶΧһǧףȻ̫ԶǶ˵ڰ̽ԼҪϢѾǴ´ˡ
ͬڰд󣬸Ϣӿ뵽Ժ
ô
һʵ¶ڴɫӴľ˵Ѿˡ
ص׵ĽۣȻӵλû̫ı仯ǿȴǳһΪͬнȳһ׵ĵطֵÿǡ
˼Ե÷ǳ侲
˵ͷжϣ൱ŷġ
⣬Ҫص׵İ䴩ƹһЩؿ뵽ع󷽣ܡ²ǾԵġǳкбٿǵعڿڵĸλԼֲֻҪƽȣҵһЩᡣ
ңڰȻص׿еĵعԶǰϷҲ㣬ҲϲǽЩطҲܱȴܺЩطҲܺ񣬽ȴܱЩҪݾ̽顣ֺߣҲǵĻˡ
ͷĿѩںڰİУҲԣ˸ǵĹâ
濴壬ĵ˵ͷ
ûȫ˼·ɢľ־ƣȴܵȾϣһַǳĲƺ۴κεΣ£˶׷
һ֧ȼյ򣬲ɢһ˿âܰ;ϣУǱϣ
һ㣬пѡ
ɽдĥˣѾҵּͷâˡ

˼ǰȥںڰв̽
УϷĵص׿ΣÿһζźĻתû֪淢ʲôֻ֪սһԽԽңҲһԽԽϷ
ÿ˶ԼķʽŴޱصĺǰͼͬˡ
ʱ䲻ϵţϵĴҶҲڲš
ڵصװ˺ܾãԽǰԽΣաǣһвͨ뱣֤㹻ԭ·λص档
ҵˣ
֪˶ãڰӺͷϷĽҪ׷ֿʱһ͵̧ͷͷĳط۾ѩޱȡ
ôˣ
ɫһæʵһ棬Ĺȫɲóֻ塣
ʱûа취ȷҲģ仰˵һĽģҲпֱӽޱصĺġ
һлֻۣǻһȷϽеĵعλáع֤ǵķвͨʱҲֻԭ·ˡ
忪ڵ۾Ϸգûգһ¡
ӿʼڣҲȻңֻطġҲĺ߰˰ףҲͻȻ仺Աࡣ
Ļʱɫһ
ǲǣǶֻܾһˣϣҪǵĵ
Ϸ
û˵ֻǵ˵ͷ
䣡
һ̣һɰľʵʣԺбڴϷ׵ʯ󣬲ûһǰ̽Ȼ㼯һ㣬۳һɫһ㣬һײϷӲܵĽ׶ˡ
ײɲǼ䣬һεſڲɢȥ
ˣ
һ˲䣬ϢȫһԵļҲ¶˽ŵɫľȻûôǿ󣬵ͬӵмǿĸ֪Ȼ岢ûиϸ̽顢֤ķҲܴľٶпһ㶫
Ȼ̽ڲġʵжϿڵعλá
ʱ仺ȥΧžֻ°
ͼ洣ڱĺˮУһֻ
һ룬룬롭ڿдϸš
вͨ𣿡
ʧ
һԣҲһֱ۲ɫķӦҲЩįϸ˵ҲѾ֪ˡ
䵽ʱˣͻȻһϸ΢Ļأĸ֪֮С
ƻǳ΢ֱͬһ㣬һֱϸȫעͷֲˡ
ԡ
һɲǼ䣬һ͵۾ѩޱȡ
ֻͬĽʱŻأ仰˵ڻصǸ򣬽ܶȷ˱仯
ڲǼʵģͼڽĵ׶ˣĵطֻܹܳһֽ͡
Ӧĵطǵعڵĵط
䣡
뵽徫Ҳ룬͵һĳ
˲Ϣ䣬һ͵غھʮһӺӵˡ
ɲǼ䣬һ춯صıը̳ɳ£һҵĿӶڰϷ
ǰҪİˡϣһ·ϷҲ㣬Ҫҵܾͨܿ
ͻȻŤͷһԵļ
ʲôӣ˼ǣ
һ𣬶ʱҲ
û˵ֻ΢Цĵ˵ͷ
⣬ôܣ
һ˲䣬Ҳסˡ
ȻһϣܹҵһӰӽ뵽ޱصͨʼأܣԵôһͨʱ򣬼淴Щˡ
Ҳ֪ǽ֮УȷʵĻӻʱͷλ⴦ĺȴԼʮңˣǺпֱܽӽ֮С
忪ڵ
ͼû˵ȥͬЭһŰӶ˵ĿӶϿ䡣
Ҳ߰ҼӲޱȣ廹Ǽ棬ͨĸ֡
رǼ档棬ȻһĲ࣬漰ˮйصģڰӶ˵Ҳ֮пһͨȶкܴĲࡣ
¡¡İվڿӶ֮УһİӺˮл񱩵ļϳˢſӶ
ϷҲУԾ˵ٶȿһͨ
ʱɿţԼһյʱͼҲ֮пһ߰׵ֱֽͨĶˡ
ڵˣ
ǰͭɫɫЩ΢΢԰ףΪ˿ͨ˶˲СҶҲһƬ
һƬҶˣǴŻһյʱ䡣һյ֮ûдͨǶ뿪ˣĻʣµĿԭ·ء
彫еƬҶ˹ȥһƬԼС
еҶڴʱѾĸɾ
ţ
˵ͷɫҲ
ҶУܿͷǰƬص׵Ľ
飡
ָһһָǰĽϡ
һֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һĻС
ûˣ
˵ʼʱĻǽŽɣôڼѾȷɡȷȷʵʵһصͨ
ǲţôӲʵĿȻһصͨ˵ɾδ֪ѵĲҲ˴



1492 ֶ룡
һû˵Ҳ¶ͬĺɡ
ȷʵ˵ʲôδ֪֪һصİӣκε˴룬ɾʵǿֶһҲδԵ̫ˡ
ͽҰɣ
Ҳûϸ룬һ˦ӻȡǱëϷ޼᲻ݵȸذףݺݲǰͭɫϡ
ϣ
Ľȸذ״ǰĽʱ򣬿ԸоһӴм⴫ҫ۵Ļ𻨡
üӲĽ
֮ǰѾѹѾ׼ǽļӲ̶ȻоԾ
ȸֽƥǧľ֣嶼ûйּӲԿжĸо
ǰֽļӲ̶ȣֱԽһɲҲͻȻЩףɾΪʲôҪԼĶֵط
ֽȻӲȻԵֵȸذס
ĽеȸذףƬĽʯϷ׹
ĽȺǺڿȶƽǰĽҲ
ֻǿڽϿͨҲеȸذ˺ܴ˺
ÿƶȸذ׵ʱ򣬶һŴ̶ӵĹβЩ֪ļӲڵͬʱҲذĦ˺ܶĺۼ
ȸذף֮ǰӰ붴ߵʱܵ˿ĹذϾѾ˺ܶϸѺۡ
ǿڿϵĺۼԽԽࡣ̲סģ֪ʲôʱеȸذףͻ᳹׵ıѡ
һԿҲǰģʱҲûʲôõİ취
еذףΨһڽпͨĹߡ
ʱɿȥ˿еҶҲϵġ
飡
ʱһ죬ӽдȸذƺһ㼫Ӳ谭֮ǰͬһΣȸذ׶أ֮Уһ죬һѺۡ
һ˲䣬ͼ˲ɫ
ô
üͷ
Ȼһʼ԰ֽǾͲӦû谭
һɲǼ䣬üͷ
ǿĸˣ
ʱһڶһԵļͻȻ˵ˣɫޱȡ
ص׵Ľʱ乻ãǧ꣬ʱ䣬ͻڲγһЩĸоһĻʳĸ֮ͭоͻһʳǧͭĸ
þͲֿ֣ĸͲڹȥ
гġ
Ϊҵһصͨȴû뵽صĿĸ
һԣδؼľһǿĸ
Ƭ̣ͻȻڵ
ѾͻȻܹġ
ϣ
û˿ԥ𶯵Ӱ뵽ȸذ֮С
ȸֱ沼ѺۣѾ̫ܲӳ֣Ҳһʼûԭ򡣵Ǵʱ˿Ѿ˲ôˡ
ֻһ̶ĽײذٴһӲ谭
û˿ԥӳ˵ڶΣΡ
Ӵӳ֣ȸذ׹Ȼǿ˺ܶ࣬һǿ谭ǰȻԺֺ
ԭӲȸذױ棬ȴһδλӳֶ˸Ѻۣ˭Ҳ֪ذֶܹá
ȥҪ˶þͻ᳹׵ˡ

ȫעעȫǰĽʱֻһˮµİ´
˻һ룬žյĵ£ȴԵͻأޱȡ
ã
ϸƬ̣˲Ϣɫ
˹ˣ
Щ𣿡
嶸Ȼͣ˶ͷʵ
Ҳû뵽ЩôƻѾ뿪ˣȻʱȥǹ
ǣǻҪ鷳ǴɹĴߡ
̧ͷϷ壬һɲǣɫѿޱȡ
仰Ҳ˲ɫ
ôܣ
ص׵˲ý
Ҳ֪ô£Ǹܷġ
¶ͬ𺳣
ķ򿴣ǴǽĵطġмĿܣЩаѴɹĴ˰ӡ֮ǰڵĶ̫п˶ġ
ͨĶȻѴɹĴû뵽ġ
֮ͨУţ廹Ǽ˭û˵˶ȫë׷գеϢ˼㣬ͨһ
ǺˮĲԽԽɹĴڰζٶȲ죬Խˣ˸оԽš
Ϊ˭Ҳ֪ʲôǽѾ׵ķˡ
飡
ڰУеһж·ͣ
ʱһ̶·ͣ
ˣ
ڣ޴˳Űˮͼڵĸһݣ˲˳ʵҪǿöࡣ
ڵع֮кչ棬ԶϢǳϤ
Ļں桪
ãʲô
ʱ򣬼ͻȻԺ𡣰֮УԭһֱǰԺ㶨ٶζʱͻȻͣˮе壬ҾȻ̧ͷͼķһۡ
һɲǼ䣬նʱýޱȡ
Ҳɫ΢Ҳʱ򣬺ڰУ忴ͻȻ䶶һ¡¡һ̣֮УңԶһ򣬺ˮĴһҵıը

Ӧ
ˮĿʵۣȻ嶼ûз֣ôԶ̿ˮըġûоҲûиоԵ𶯣һȫ¶вء

İ֮УҲһ˲Ϣ䣬·ܵʲôѸٸı䷽ವһ£Զȥ
ӣߣҵˮʱסһ̫áʱ䣬ǸϽ뿪
ɫأݷ˵δ䣬һͨ·ȥ
һ£һԣ
һѾӳʮɣɫһ㵣ͣ
ӣʱҶҲꡣԼҲ˵ˣﵢʱ䲻ܳһյ衣ڿɲµʱ򰡣
̲סŵ
һԣ
ǰ
ĲУʱٺ뿪
֮оĵģһɲǣ˭Ҳû˵һƬšãֻһ̾Ϣڿˣ
ðɣСʱ䣬ʱҰ㾡סˡʱһ߲ߡҶҪ뿪ˣ


1493 ʦ٣
ֵزѾ御ˡΪɽо뢣ͬһĴڣΪ׸ıע⡣
ϣֻҲǶһˡ
ʱδ𣬼ջˣԶĵطֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ѾƱ鲼ȸذףҲ룬ٴҵĲǰĽϡ
һΣΣΡ
ȸذϵĹԽԽ࣬ȴûһֻǲͣڿϡ
սޱȣ˵ĶֲˣвѷĿ
ӣǱˣ
ߴٵһ߿档֪ɾʹõʲôЩ˲ǵʬǻӵһʶ뿪ǧ֮ڸı䷽򣬳˵λ
ȥҪ˶þͻٴε˸
ٵһ£
ĿרעǰĽϡ
ʱδȸذ׵ڵÿһ·ڼϡԶ˵Ϣ磬ɢӴѹںڰ硰㣬˿ڵͨѾİˡ
ֻҪƬ̣µ˿ͻ㳯
Уˣ
ҧҧݺݵסȭͷ
䣬䣬еȸذȻͣЪײһΣΣڼ׼뿪ʱͻȻ֮䣬꣬һڶ
һɲǣ綼·žԺֻʣǵ
ôܣ
һ͵Ťͷķ˫۴۵Ĳ˼顣
ȻҲһ˿ϣָʵ̫Сˣ֮һֽγɵĿĸԽ֣䴩ˡ
һΣʱ̡
ҵͨˣ
һӶߴɫ侲ޱȣƺûע⵽ķӦ
ֿ̫ӲҪγɴģĿĸѶֻ̫һƬոճ͵ĿĸѣֻҪһ¾俪ˡ
˵仰Ѹٽǰһϰһ뵽ǰֵġͨС
ˮ춯ѾҪڵͨˣһϸ룬ϷͨС
ֱͨԼһңڿԵ÷ǳ졣ͼѸǰԼʮ׺һ޴ıͭС
ͭϲƣйϵķ׭֣ǳԶ
ԭһأ
ǰ޴ͭ𶯣ඥͻȻ׹
֮ǰڵص׿ͨʱ˵Ĺ졣ɾŲߣôԵĴ󡣶ӲأûеطͻȻô
ǿǰͭͻȻˡ
ⲢǴɾ©߹ǲѶΪ֮ĺ˴Ҫأ֮ǰڵص׾ξ޴ĻӴĽ𶯡
֮󣬾ͨĻܹġ
ֹˣɾڵصײ´󷨡ʥ۷ǿǿԶڿյģû˷ɵ񶼻ᱻصס
ЩΧӴġơɾҪ֤ԲʮܵЩƵãͬʱֲᱻЩǿƻõĻؿ϶һɱڽһЩ
ǶȻһµġͨ
߰ɣع֮д۸ӣµͨҲ֪ͨڻɵʱ򣡡
Ŀ磬ͼһѸٵɨΧȻҲ׹Ҳֻ˵һ䣬һǰȥ
ڻصͨǰУСʱ̷߿ֵܳΣգͬʱϵĽɢȥ̽ΧĵԼͨĵط
ɾܹˣ仰˵һǿĹؿͨ嶼ûаա
еĹؿȫƹͼȻǽԴϲһȦصʼĵطǾ͵òʧˡ
һн֮ǰ˭Ҳ֪𰸡
ˣ
֪˶ãͼ˻صľͷ
䣡
ȻûеͼͨʲôԶԶģһ˵ıըŭХͻȻǰ
ڣ
βڤ
ȴǰļ滹ûʲôоǰȴ˲ɫ
ʦ峤
ͺһҲ룬ǰԾȥʽ֣˲ôܲףһʦǧһ˴峤İ񹦡
ڽ붴ߵص׵ʱ򣬺ǷɢʧȥϵֻôҲû뵽Ȼǵ
ݣ磬ѸǰȥͨĩˣһºĽǽڡ
УĽǽʮ׺񣬸޷ǿжþҵأ
ʱһӶߴôһҲӦʲô
ĴǳңŭХײ˻ڶȻǳǲ֪Ϊʲôǽ˴峤а˷·ȫͼ
һųаһˣɽеĴѾﵽ˰벽΢ĵزһȻûôǿ󣬵ҲԶ
ºȻܹа˺˴峤Ƶֵز
һа취һа취ģ
н֣ľ糱ˮӿѸɨΧ
ЩͨΪ׼ģȻнķȻҲ뿪ķǾܸԼ̫ӵĴ򿪷ʽԿһһ⸽
ȻѾֹۣнϵŴ˳򿪻صĳ
ˣͻȻڰָǽڣһ쳣ĸоָ䴫طǽȣһȻûʲô𣬵¶ࡣ
ɲǼ䣬û˿ԥ彫һעƣȻȥ
¡
һ̣ʯ쾪ͼĿУǰĽǽͻȻѿһ϶һ͵Ĺ͸϶˽
϶ԵǽѸһ۾ͿڼսӰһԣͷ趯һһȥǱˣʦа˺˴峤
˶棬Ƶʮػֺ¥ǧءʮ¥ǰһŶĩε磬һ֮ѹʦа˺˴峤
˿Ϣɢңȫ֮УʱܱĴɹˡ
ʦ
룬һݣԾǰĵع֮Сû˿ԥľʵʣҵĺĴɹߡͬһʱ䣬Ҳǿڵ˲߻ħΣգ͵˹ȥ

¡
ֻһգֲۣʵʻغǰĵعϡ


1494 ˣһ
䣬һִδйӿľֲޱȣӲĽܹ˲䴩͸ʱڵĵعˣľͺײһӲɽͣǰޱȵľ·ˮһ㣬ûн뵽ڣײ÷顣
ƣ
һݣԺ˲Ϣӹһͷָоʵ̫Ϥˣֻľƣ󲿷ֶǲóӴ󷨡
ûȻ˻־ƿһ˵棬ҴּӲޱȵĸо־ƿ±Լڵ¶ĻҪǿ
һִδģǿؾƣ
ȻЩͷԺзӶһ̣û˿ԥݺײǰҫ۴Ŀİϡ
ĴǴ컯ǿѧ֮һ£ʲôɹƣԪһ̩ɽҲҪȫԶԡǵĴײȥδй鷢ˡ
ˣ
ǿײһ𣬾ĿУԭ͵Ľ⣬˲Ϣ仯Ϊһĥ̴СתĽɫ̣ǵڶֻһգ۲ǰ˽ֻССĽɫ̡
Щͬһ㲻ͣתţ˴˻νӣΪһ޴Ľɫݡ
ĴײȥĻͺˮ˸ɸ㣬˲䱻ѳɳǧɣȻЩɫ̵ٴηֻѸٵɫݵĵڶأأֻ˲Ϣ䣬Ρ
ôܣ
֪ı仯Ȼ¶ŵɫ
Էʹ컯ͬûзֳǾȻԽĻΪ㣬ɢΡת¾컯Ī
һɲǣͻȻЩףΪʲôʦ˵̫޼Ԫɹֲܹ컯ˡ
ô㣿
ʱһȻУһԣа𾪡ôҲû뵽ʱعԼߵľȻ塣
Ȼ룬аһĴȣг˽ǺͲ

¡о㵵ʱûκηӦʱ䣬һɰ޴Ľɫ̱бĴ컯ƣȴȫͬ滹һָǿ
ôܣ
һɲǼ䣬·ʲôķһȥֻһѾˡʯ䣬ǹɰԾ˵ٶײϣ߷ݰ͵׷ɳȥ
飬ݺײǽϣ޴屾Ѿ߻ħȻ־ɫʱһף۵һһѪ˵Ϣʱ΢
ÿµ
һΣоһǰδеĳ𺳡
̫޼ԪɹȻԽԷ⣬Ȼԭ起ֱѾԶԶ֮ǰˡ
ô
һ󽹼ǰ֪һĻа˺˴峤ңнѡ˱ǰ漸µö࣬Աֲ֮֮ǰ漸϶ûгֹ
˴峤аѾսһˣѾǳϤȻ׼
ʦùңû£
һ࣬廬ǽߣϸ룬Ѹϥ£һ˵УѸٵĵϢ
ɾĵӣÿһǾžޡֲּ֮սУκεķпܵ޷ܵغ岻ʦ˴峤ΪԼκεķ
ع֮Уӿźţ򶷷ǳ֮ңǿعڳص¯˳ȥǽײķѣƬ档
ڵع룬ʦа˻âɣŷǧбʩչ˼£ȵҪˮкذ˷ĵعˡ
Աߵ˴峤뷢ŻΪһĹȲͣĶŵع˿ը
˹һս˶ײϻ࣬˲΢̤΢Ҳֻʱ⡣
Χһɫ̱ݴĵعˣȴȫڱĵλȥ˰ڣֻ·һ
ǣ
ʱͻȻһȣ·һ㣬ݺݵײڵعϣ뵽ս֮С
ȻǼ棬Ҳֻ΢΢аˣ˴峤˵ĴսʤعȻû̫İӴĻͷʵǿš
Ǽ֣ÿһ˶ǵ۷壬Ⱥ۵Ĵڣս鼫ḻκһϳ¶Ѿˡ
عڣռţһƺ߲ڶڵعԵǽڴٵϢ˵ҩãһɹɱعɢϢȫ۶
һ̣ȫѹƵʱͻȻһҵĴʹӱѨò£ʱһɢ۵һһѪѪĿģϢҲѸٱɢҡ
ô
ؿڣʱɫôҲû뵽컯ÿһʱԷȻʱ򱬷ˡһɲǣֻǵѨصѨԫѨԼȫľ磬ڣ鴤һƬҡ
ҵʹɫɷףͷһ亹ϸꡣȻ©ƫ꣬ھ߻ħʱԶ˴峤аˣмܵǰδеĹ
СģҪʩչˣ
ʯ䣬һ쳹عʦа齹ǣͷɢҵĳ趯ͬһʱ䣬桢˴峤аȫٺˣȻһѾˡ
عں˵սУƺƾϵĴɹ㹻Ϣǣԭҫ۶ĿĴǱŷ֮ǰκʱҪǿҵĹâ
Ӱ棬ֺġʮ족Ǵﵽ黯ʵҪʵֵĵز
䣡
ʯ䣬ֻһɽѵľ죬ع԰ټƵĽɫ̱ݵһαըŰĴɽ鱬ڣϯȥ
һٶ籼׳磬Ѹ׷˵ˡ
ǻֿտĵش˵˻һߵĻᣬֵµعռСһϣˡ
䣬֮ʵļȱ׷ϣȻ˴峤аˡ̫޼ԪɹİԵ֮ѾԽ󣬷£ûбյľѧ
ۣ
֮УԶӵļһһѪ͵غݺݷ˳ȥͬһʱ䣬˴峤аɫһףһѪͬǺ嫵Ĵɳȥ


1495 ˣ

һ쳹عڻ֮عͻȻХһһ˫նµ֮ʵߣͬҲвʢа˹ȥ
ʦ
һоʲôıɫܵع˻ʲôûһɲǣȴоʦһǰδеΣ
ˣ
һ̣һ۵ع˻Ⱪǣ˵Ŀ⣬һ죬̽Ժֻ¥״ġʮ족ͻȻ籩գ֮ΪһʮڵĽɫꪡ
һĻͻ˶𺧲ѡ˭Ҳû뵽޴ġʮ족Ȼǿ
Զع߽ʮ족ɵĳУû˿ԥꪺһϢأһɫ籩㼤Զа˱ȥ
һɲǣеϢ˼㡣
ã
һĻ˴峤аҲɫ䡣
аʵߣҲⳡսĺġعһµģգǿޱȵĴд붼Ǳа˵¡
ˣ˵ͺļһһͱЩع˸ɵаۣ˶·һ
ֹ
һ쳹ء
䣡
һ̣û˿ԥ˴峤ǿƣͬʱ˴峤еİɫһڰгһΪһʮ׵İȳŵع˹ȥ
һɹɵˮ㼯ѸٻΪһƬΣڰлţëϸˮУŵعǵصļȥ
ЩţëˮǼľѧ֮һ˳ëסѨϽڣѪҺߡ
һڣɲԼҲǼǿͿ֮
һսϵ󣬵Ǵӵ½ع֮һоɲˡаһҲֻ·һ
Զ飬а˲԰ɫͬƿն½ѪɫȴԶǰ򶨣ƺԶûʲôܹΪ֮ݡ
ߣ
ʯ䣬һԺ漴¡¡һ춯صıըԺаķ˴峤м棬뢺͵عеײһ

ֻҽƵĽУӰ˰Ĵɳȥ
ʦ
һɲǣʧһ̣ʦĵҲԶԼ
ŰзɳȥǵӰԺǵϡϤڵѪҺ˲ͷֱ
ԶĽ⣬ССĽɫ̣飬ǰǰ󣬹һ޴ıݡ֮УعɫĮͦŶʮڽɫꪣɽȻûܵ˺
˵Ĺȫ⣬ֵ
ŵع·һ㣬ǿޱȵĵعˣжӿؾ
˭Ҳû뵽֮Ȼ޷սʤɹǿ֮Ѿȫ
䣡
ʱ򣬴𶯣һװ˸ߵĻսɫꪣͻȻǰٴǰаˡ
ع֮УѪѾû˿ֹˡ
ʦ
һĻ̲סҵĲǿҪվ뵽ⳡսУȻŸոһһҵʹ·˺һ㡣
ʱ˿ڵƣԶлҪصĶ࣬ļսͣضټϵعһƣѾʧȥս
ϴ峤棬ǴϳϿ뿪סˣ
ʱа˵ͻȻ˶飬Ѫǰȴޱȵļᶨ
һɲǵаû˿Ļң͸һޱȵĵʹݣƺĳ־򣬺Ӧ׼
飬һ̣û˿ԥ˲ϵƣаһݣһһ޻صƣŶĻ͵˹ȥ
ʦ
̲ס
ķ֣
аۣ
عУ˴峤ͼҲа˵ľģ
䣡
棬ߴĻˣϺޱ飬а˹ɲǣĽһ̤ʱһڵ㣬ƿն
һɲǣӴɽХһ㣬緢ǺƴĽ⣬ضΪ֮ʧɫʱ䶼·һֹͣ
̫޼ԪɹɽʧѾʱ䡣ȻˣΪݵһѧĵλȴ˭޷ġ
Ǵ컯ֻǧĿѧڴɹǰҲҪȻʧɫ׳Ƴ
ع֮еĴɹǣȻǧʱ䣬ȴԿֲʵչʾŴɹĵλ
ʮףףס
ʦıӰжԽԽĵعˣлҰ˼㡣
ԣԲԡ
˫ȭգ촽ɫǲ԰׵ûκѪɫһδദУʦռ˼Ҫĵλ˵֮иǰ˸һĴڡ
ھеڱߣҵʹͬҧϴӸǰһУԶڵ߻ҪʹԽܡ
һлᣬһҪģ
˫ĿѪ죬ǿ˫ۣǽڣ岻ͣزӵվڵڰ㻥ͻʱڱ̱ıԵȴȻˡ
ˣһ̣ĿӹعֺĵĽɫ̱ݵʱͻȻ֮䣬һ͵زһ£
ǡ
عĽ̫ǿҡչֳ޿ƥеʵڸеһУʶļסǿƥ󣬺ԵЩǰʱҲֻһʵǿߡ
һˣһе
һֱгɰǧССɫɵķݡ
еɫݣᱻ㻯ȥһɲڿնɲǣһע⵽СֺӦλþȻһƴСĽɫ̡
Ͻɫ̱ݴڲ̣ۣ˴˻ӣκһ΢Сĵطдɵ̻
Եо½ȱһʱ򣬼Ǳܸоһ˿Ծ
ڳʱɻ֮һͻȻ֮ʲô
Ľֺܹˣ
ľǿ󣬵õ޵ھǿҪԶԶʦа˺˴峤ǡȻ޷ǿľ֪Ȼڡ
˲Ϣ䣬ľԸ֪ǰع˺֮ǰԼκһ˶ͬ
츳Ȼӵֺ
ֺˣھضͳ졣岻֪ΪɹԼȥһֺֻĳսˣ֮Ь֮£˵ֺ
ƽʱ򣬾ҲѿǺаˡ˴峤ļսУǿҵϵ⴦ɻʹԭѵĵطٴα
Ҫǣ巢Ϊȱݣǿأ׫дľƲûиǵ⴦Сֺĵط


1496 ˣ
ˣ
ɲǼ䣬ԺȫѪҺӿǱܣоǧ֮һϣ
䣡
ڵعһǵأɽʦаѹȥɲǣһʵʻǿһĳգŵعȱʧĵֺݺݴ˹ȥ
عһǿΪ컯ǧԻĴɹԼɽͰ̵Ľɫ̱ݣľǰȫ衣
ˣڵʯ䣬ʵʻӴ뵽˵عڡ
徫͸ɲǣ˲Ϣ䣬һɽȻͬĸоӿһƬСĶУͻȻ뵽һһ
͵عչֳʵȻ෴ڣȴһ⾰
ع˵ʵȻѾǿᵽޱߵĵزľʶĸоȴ鲻޾ڰһյ΢
ۿЩ˵ľȻ΢ˣЩ顢΢ľΧȴһǣʹЩ΢ȶȼա
ϸ룬ľֱ룬һ·ϣֱӳŻ˵Ժȥ֮Ȼһĵֿû
һգ۵ʱ䶼ľ֮٣ݺݵغ˵ع˵Ժ
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬˵ľȻ΢ʵʻľײȥ˲Ϣ䣬ײһӲıݡ
عУͬʱ˵ĿУع˻һŤͷ塣ʱشͻȻ½˼
䣬عĽɫȻ緢һƽаػɳȥȻͬɣͬն
عаֱ֮Ĵӿ׹£Ȼһ˫۾ȴŵعԵǽڴ塣
֮ǰãȻͬ˫նУȻһθֳһɱɱעҲһɲǴаϳתơ
ô£
˴峤û֪ʲôǺʣոһɲǣ϶ʲô
ȻûǶ룬һ̣飬һֻ̤£عһ¡
ع˵͵سǰ˼ͬʱһǿƥϡ
ôһɲΧһƬžš
ã
Σգ
˼ͬһʱоΣգǿѹƴӵϷ˶Ѿǳأʱ˿̵״ֻ̬Ҫһƣϱɡ
ͬʱҲͫһᵽһŨҵϢϢֻǴʱ˿̣Ų뿪ûˡ
ֹ
ߣ
һ󽹼ı쳹ع˽߾ȫÿһӸŵعȥ
˵ķӦѾܿˣˡ䣬ڶݵ֮ͣ󣬹âһعһݣ˲ʧԭء
ͬһʱ䣬һǰδеĿֲΣָоһ糱ˮˢֻǴʱ˿̣Ѿ޿ˡ
ǵƣ
ʯ䣬Ժ͵һͷУ³û֪ôˡ
Щ߰ǰѾǿҲƣǺȻҲûʲôǵҲѾ飬ȴдһЩʶһǿľƱ
Ҳ˫ۿնȴӵǿսܺͷӦԭ
ͼڵص׿ڿͨʱŵصװζǣǴܹġ
ոյľѾʶǿľƣȻɹʦа˵ΣҲ˳Ϊع˵ͷŻɱĿꡣ
ǰʲôҲľȴܲ׽عԾ˵ٶȳԼӽĹͷҲ˲䱬ȫǱ
Ԧ֮
û˿ԥѸʩչŽơ˹޶ܿƣƾŹ˴ʳǿľʿ
ľȵǿ˲֪ٱٴʩչŽҲͬն
䣡
ʯ䣬ʵʻľһһΣ㲻ײڻһعϵľϡ
۹۲첻ľУ͵ײ쳹أڻ˵Ժ֮С
Ȼϣ񱩵ģʥ侳ǿ߶Գܵľ񹥻ײؾϣȴײһӲıݡеĹֽǰȻֹ
ǿĹҲֻ΢΢һ¡
˵ٶȴ˿Ӱ죬Ծ˵ٶȲϳ
֮ľ벻оǿѹʱɽХǿҵļϢ
ô⵽ʲôƣ˼̣
һɲǼ䣬ɫ䣬ͷ亹ˡ
Ԧ֮ǿľѧҲǶԸѵƻһعϵľƣֻ·һ
ȻǿľƣȻ赲еĹҲͬǿҵս
͵οˡ
ΣԲٲڡ
䣡
ʯ䣬ȫľԺ֪о;񹥻ʽкҵĺعԺǵơ
ֻһ˲䣬ֺͣʮ׵ľһζ
аˡ˴峤澪ֵĿУһֻҰ׵Ƴ޵У͵شӰ̽˳Ϸͷ­ץȥ
󷽣عĮޱҲӰһѸٴи֣˫նӸ£һ
Եع˵ʵָֻҪһգͷ

󷽣㾡ȫһĻаһ׹ѣѪҺҪˡ
Ϊɽ̸ɫаħͷʲôĶ֣ʲôѣֻκһ£񶼲κһûκεе
ǿƽһӣҲĵӼڵعУһɲаб䣬еһθֳһ˿ľ
һ΢ҲԻ͹ǧУݺƥаǿ߸׳Ƴʹһ
ȻΪͽıѶǶа˵ڸߴѾûʲôźˡ
ΨһҲֻӣԲŻ֮С
а˿ԲԼİΣԵع˶κεԥηӣΩ壬а˾޷¡
ˣаȫȻڲܵ£һ־˵ķʽٶһءֻǲаƴȫѾˡ


1497 
ˣ
ʱ䶨۾ĵطһ춯صľ죬·ʲôһ㣬漴ع˵һһһصİ籡ɲǣҲȻֹ
⡭ôܣ
һɲǼ䣬ж¶˼𺳵ɫ
ع˵˶̹ģһɽĴ˿ԵֵϣҲɣ˵ڻ߻ħܶ״̬
ڣһĴڣͻȻͣһ˵һ㡣
ѵ
󷽵λã涸Ȼͣ½Ųйâһĵعˣ·뵽ʲôֻǸ뷨̫ˣ涼š

ӿҲʱһӴбɲǷ嶸һѴӵع˵˳
ô
һе˼ع˵ı仯аȽ塰ȡ˳
а˵ĵĻ洫ӣ
ʦû¡
ҡҡͷɫɷף͸ոȻҪ֣¸ѱ亹ʪ͸
ǸɹĴߡ㡭ոաѵġ
ͬʱһϤҲӶд˴峤ջ˰ɫȣʱҲǰ˿Զǽһĵعˣֿһ壬ֹ
ǰʦȷʵ
ƺ֪˴峤˵ʲô̧ͷ¶һȴֳ׷µЦݡ
ˣ
һɲǼ䣬̣Ͷӽүүɾ뢻࿴һۣ˴Ӳһʱ䣬仰˵
аˣҲ¶һֲ˼ɫµһ£Ǵ֤ʵȴһ¡
ôܣ
һԣ˴峤ͺһ΢΢Щʧ̬
ǿǴɾĵӣµһ̫޼ԪɹĴߣÿһ޲ǾžޣʴӱѵеĴڡ
ǰĩڵ߸Ѿﵽ벽΢޽ӽ΢Ĵڡǿ֮ҪԶԶԽĵعػߣˣ
̫޼Ԫɹ¡ǿ֮ʹʵѾǹͨ΢ǿߡҲаķķôʱ䣬ôѣеԭ
ȻڣȻ˵Ѿ
һʵƥ΢ǿߣһ߻ħӽ״̬
ʱ˶ΪҪˡ
ЦЦûսľһһ˳˿˴峤ͼ棬һܵ񼣣һһλʵǵ΢ǿߵĿǿߣʵ۲ѡ
ֻ֪һɲսжôա
ʱľ˸ûжãôһɲǣԼΪԼҪˡ
ֻǵվһС
һʱԶ˽ǧʱ侫ƣվȲȫʢʱڵʱʩ߶Ѿĥ˺嫵ʱ֮У˵ǽƱ
ʤˣΪģΪؽƵ仯УͻȻһ
ҲһЩڵľȻǿ󣬵ȴ־áÿһ֣һ֡
ҲһܹϽԭ
һ־ĶԳ壬ԷĽƵȼԽ񣬵գƾʵʻľӮⳡصġս
ع𺳣þò
ǧǰɾµǿƾȻˣһµˡ˵ȥеߡ
ɹÿߣųǸʱ֮µһȻɹĿһ
ոյļ϶Ƕ֣һɲǣԼӣа˶˵
үԿͷˣһ𣿡
ʱ򣬼ͻȻСڵĳƺˡ
һԵа˺˴峤ûиоȴһƳ˼һۣЦЦһɲǣƺ͸ʲôʲôû˵
ţ
˵ͷ
ȻѾסˣҪЩβƬ̣
δ䣬ܿ۾ͬʱͨڵʶԼƬ֮󣬾˵ĿУվڵعԵһͻȻһ£ȻѸٵվ
䣡
һ̣ת˫ն۾ˣһ漴ƵǹɰģԵĴ糱ˮڱԼ֮󣬲ͣӿݡ
壬ԿʩչЩɫ𣿡
˴峤ͻȻڵĿ͸һЩڴ
ɹɵЩɫ̱ݣֱǿķܹ׷컯ǧԼ˴峤񹦡񹦣мĹֻƾһ㣬ǵ֮µһ
˺󣬻ʩչŽɫ̱ݴǵΣصĵع֮УһŴ
ԴޱвĻݾҲܹࡣ
ԣ
۵
¡
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һɸӳҡĽ籡𵴣仯գ֮䣬һĥ̴СĽɫͻȻĴ֮С
԰ټƵĽɫ̷ţ籡ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һֺꡢ׳˵Ľɫݴǰ
ɫ̱ߣ˷ŻסĽУսһ㣬һսʤĸо

һĻаˡ˴峤ȫ¶𺳵ɫ֮󣬱Ǿϲѡ
̫ˡүˣڵعĶһ黤ܽȫˣ
濴սĻˣȴЦĿɫ
ոյľգΪ˶Ҫˡϵ·תȻһˣ
а˺˴峤Ȼû˵οޱȣѾ˵һС
ѾΪʦˣ
а˸п
ʦزӣӲزʦı֣аֻеԵĸˡ
һ࣬һлԶûн
Ŀ£˱âɣ¥ʽġʮ족Ҳٴ֣հӳյعںڰҫһƬɫĹεش
˰һУʮѾ̮䣬ٴλΪһʮڣֲ½ɫ׭ĳꪣ˳еԽǿ󣬻ϢҲԽǣ²ѡ
嵱˹ĴʳսǰҲҪѷɫࡣ
Ƽһѵ顶ޡһսŵӣȴ¾Զֶֺ֮ޡ
³ϣұ˴ƹҶʮŻ£
ϣԴ£ɴҲ
Ī֮ɹݲ


1498 ɹһأ
սȫԭ
أаˡ˴峤мҲ˷ǳʵ½ķǳֲĵطʱɥ
˵󷽵ߣЩصĺˣԼֶͬᡢ̵Ĵˣû֪ʲôʱ
ڴ֮ǰ˱뾡ָԱ̽
ڵصҪָôף˵İһо°빦
䣡
һֻ£ͷĴѸӿ룬߻ħ֢״ȱѹټϼϵ˵ҩ˴롣
κԼڵƣֿ˽һĹ뵽аˡ˴峤Լϡһ벽΢Ĵɹ߰æˣϵƺõñеĻҪöࡣ
߰ɣ
Ƭ֮аվǰڵ˻ں󷽣һսޱغģܹһջµһɹ
ҵ𣿡
ǰкаһƾ뵽Ժ
ûУʶѾȱ顣ֻõ˴ɹĵһعģûе֡
֪ʦаʲôͬԾص
һεս岻ֹ˵ˣһЩջ񣬶˵ֻҪ̽һ飬϶ڴɹй켣˽߰˰ˡ
ڵʶƬ־ʿ˵Ǿ޴ıء
ʹԦ֮ͬʱҲЩƵļ䣬ҪǣȻ̫޼Ԫɹĵһع
һջ
ɾŲߣǲǴЩϣõĴɹġ˵ܹõһعѾ൱ˡѾܹڵƣһİˡ
һа˵Ŀġ
ɹĻʵֲ̫ڽǧҵҲֻдɹܹ
ͽѾھˣ

ɹĵһķǧ֣ÿһֶ»ɬͨ˵⡣
ʱޣҲǸϴɹӡ֤
һϦ֮ɹǲܵġǶ˵ܴӴɹвᣬѾԶڵ߻ħ𵽺ܴİá
һյĽŲڵ»죬˰صĵع󣬱һȡ
ɫĽǽϣһЩµ·һЩӵͼÿһ϶ĩճ
еһУһصĸо
涼Լо⴦¶ֻ߲һô򵥡
Сģ
߹һ볤ȵʱ򣬼ͻȻڳ۾ǰ¶Сĵɫ
ǰǶ˵ˣ˵ʵҶѾֻ¶ʵӿֲǧ򲻿ɴ⣡
һɲǣ㾲һƬţһεĽ
׼𣿡
ʱаͻȻعͷ壬ͬʱ˴峤ͼҲ׷׿塣
ţ
ӭżλǰĿ⣬֣صĵ˵ͷ
ˣ
һ̣һɰӿĽɫһ㣬Ϊһɫλ֣ΧԲɵķΧͬʱҲһС
һɲǼ䣬˵Ϣڸǣ˲ʧ˵ع֮С
ϴɹϢڸˣͬʱһĸ֪аˡ֮ǰƵʱ򣬾ѾƶĲԡ
ֲԵûãжûס
һһǿѾôֲˣǱҪûҪ͸ǿĶһ֡
У
ӭ˵Ŀ⣬һ漴ܿߵԼԣ͵һԼϡ
Ĵӿ룬һ̣컯µһѧڣӿѸ֫ٺ
£ǿƥĴΨһԷɵˡ
䣬ڴڲã彫һֽĲͨ컯Ѹٺ뵽桢˴峤ʦаڡ
õɴϵϢʱȻһ䡣
ĸˣһˣ˵ϢȻһ壬ϸֱ棬
߰ɣ
һУԻ˴ͷаںһСǰȥ
û֪һжڶ׹ܲãܲĸ֪˿¶ڽӡ
˵Ķᵽɤۣʮɵľһζ˺ִܿȵĩˡ
һӿտ޴Ĺϵعǰ
۹ȥһ˺ϱľ޴ʯԽ
ʯϣɫĵعϷһɫĹâɢһſž޴ҹ顣
ϣǶһЩͼ
ʱڵķ񣡴ɾĵڶӣˡ
ʯ䣬ԺжȻһͷ
Ȼϸ룬һ̣ÿһ˶жһǵտĴУ̶
˳ķȥ
عĶ棬ŵܯϣһӵİڴϷϷһŤĽ⣬հ㣬ڰ֮С
͸⣬һӰȫףǷֳ
˿Žʱ򣬽еӰƺҲתŲˡǵתʱ

ɲǼ䣬һ˵Ĺӿ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼһ£ɹĶˡ
ع֮һƬţסˡȫë׸ѱûκһϢй¶
ڰ֮Уûݣÿ˶ٴУӿǿҵΣոС
ƾչ¶һյ¾ѾԶԶԽǰ
û֪ᷢʲôǺʣһƻʧܣӭ˵Ľһ
ˣ
˵ĿУһŤĽɫţ£ɢȥһȫżеӰ̬ϣڰϣڳǰ
˫գһǺܿ죬ֻƤһ£漴һ˫ѩޱȣ˵Ұ֮С
ôᣡ
ɲǼ䣬һоǰĻˣǰκһȻͬ
񲢷ն񣬶ͬյǳѩĿ
дʶҪĻǿĶ࣡
Ժһͷдв
ںս֮ѾЩ˵ܡ
ܹ֮󻹱ôǿսعԼĵıأΪǰһЩʶϵĽƱ
ƾԺʶЩ˿ڵعо䣬ҹκعߡ
ʶԽǿǵսͷӦԽǿͬʱҲԽֵܹӦı仯
˵жȫǽڣеĻ˶źʶ֮ϣʶԱǿö࣬ҲζţʱбʶƵΣա
һжԶûеǰ򵥡


1499 ı
ô죡
Ҳ˴峤ʶаˡ
ţ
ʱа˵Ժ͸һ־Եֺ֧Ρ
ţ
Ӧһ˵ͷ
ѣҲһԣΪΨһĳ·
ڸոһᣬѾоˡ̫޼ԪɹԼڵżİ
ǵһصķѾڵƣõ˼ĸơõĴɹ˵ֲŹȱһظߵľ硣
ǴﵽʹɹᲢֻۣһµľѧпܡ
һ̣һѸٿǰˣŲǰ̤һ
飬򵥵һǣ˵
صɲǣعƺ𶯡
ţŰϵĶˣĿ˿ҷŹκһ΢СĶ
ƻǼƻʵʵһ˱Ҫ֤˻᲻ṥһ뿪صĻˡ
һĻôһжֻ롣
ȻôһСϣһ˹һɲǣÿжŵ˼㣬ɫҲ
ˣ
˵ĿУԭڱϵĶ˶վ
һɫ䣬жּ䲻ĸо
ôᣬѵ֮ʶǿҡĻˣҲ̤㡣
мԺ˲Ϣͷ
׼
ͬһʱ䣬аˣ˴峤м棬ȫʱս׼
Ȼбܼ尾ʱ򣬵ܯϷǵӰڴӱվ֮󣬱ûκεĶ
ˣңң·𻯳˵һ㡣
֮ͨУһĻһ漴ʲôһ˲١
˸ְǰûзˣϤϢ
аʲô
һлûг䶨Ҵ⡣
ʱ仺ȥ˵ĸ֪Уƺ˼ʱ䣬ǰĶڻջĿ⣬ࡣ

һ̶̵һ˲䣬˵ֱһͶҪ
һ࣬΢΢滺漴ٴǰȥ
ˣٴο˹Ŀ֮ǰ࣬Ҳûô䱸ˡ
ʦλǰˣ
͸˶
һԳɹǽ˵Ϣ취Ƥ뿪
һϵأ˿и
ǰںһһǰƶȻϢڣ˲û̫ע⡣
̣Ŀûôǡ
һɹĴǡ
һ岻ϵļӴ󲽷̣߾ϷĶżһ֮⣬˼ˡ
ͺиһ
ɹˣ
˫üչϲɫаķԭص飬ҲࡣʵǸջ
ˣʹ˵ļƻ׸ı䣬ֻҪܹ֤˿ͬķʵǿһߡ
ؾҵսԱʵ֮ǰ붼ġ
һ·С˴ӳĵعȣ˳˶صĵعҺһ·оգûκεս
֪˺ܿԽ˵ܯִϷģٴα
ֻʣһˣ
ٴαĿԽǰĶˣ˴ĺ󷽡
ڶ˺󷽲Զ¶һխͨعĳڣҲΨһͨ
ʱҪУͱӰԱ߾ǱԱǡǡǶˡ
һ˲䣬ھ˲Զĵطȫͣ
ү̫ˡôľ룬ЧҪۿۡûа취һ͸ȥ
ʶͻȻԺ
ʵȷʵǿֽ⣬Ҫ⣬ûʩչʲôѾһâڱӴѹ
ǰмƵĲһ֣ܲһƶ뷨
һ΢Ķټһ΢޴ߣＸԳֱ룬֮ء
вǵľ޼
У
ҡҡͷ
ЩɹĴ㡣Ҳˣ־񹥻ӵǿķӦơþͻķ֮ǰڱϢľٶҲȫ׷ѡ
ңܹ֮Ϊ˺ۣǴӸոյڣһֱڹ۲죬ˣ¼׶û˿ƣ£ҵľܺڣ塣
սأԶô򵥡ǷḶ́һУһ˵ķѾˡ
ȻΪҲҲֻһߣ뾫ʿ˲ٵľ룬ȻӲ׾սûҪա
ϹأһжҪע⡣
ʱа˷ˡ
˻ع˵ͷ
˵һж˴峤ŵڶģа˻
˫ԵĶƺҲоʲôٴο˹ֻʱѾû·ˣٴαý
ʱδ𣬺ܿ˵һִԡ
ƺоʲôķһ˿ɻ
ϸ΢ı仯˶пһ

а˵ʶٴԺ
Ȼ֮ǰЩͬȴûж֣˵Ļᡣ
ֻҪκһ˿սȫͨϣ˶Է
ܯĶˣվһֵ˴峤ˣɫƽŰɫĹȣĴӵܯ˳ǰİȥ
˵ĶҳΨ־ԱߵĶˡ
һÿ˵Ŀⶼ˴峤ĽŲƶ
̶̵һ·̣ȻСյʱ䣬ڣ˴峤˳ĵִﵽ˰Աߣгһ
˴峤죬編ƣһϴӰܯǰ˹ȥ
棬壬Ȼаˣ̣ı
ڣаˣҲ˳ߵ˰ԡ
ĸ˾£ڰԣеȻţ˿ҷɡ
룬˫һ׶ܿüһɫüëƤһ·ϵëԼսϵĹӻơ
忴ȥʱ˫ͬתţĿԼˡ


1500 ͻʣ
ΧţսޱȣϢһɲŨҵ˼㡣
ߵĶˣһĦ˹֮˵ͷʱܻӿޱߵԨ
ܯϷΧձ΢ƽ⣬˭Ҳûһ¡һɵĿˣȴûиһĶˣȴ˿Ҵ⡣
ߣ
аߴٵ
վطֱͬһ˿һ㣬ʵ̫Σա֮ٶ뿪֮ͨС˴峤жȻǼ壬һж֮ǰһֻԭǰ̽·ġˡȴʱ棬ԷܵĹ
˶ĬСƶһȫͨоգƶʱһۣûʲôرĶ
ƶһʱ벻鷢ˡ
¡¡
û˿ףͻȻ֮䣬ضҡӴĵعͬµڣҵĲͺһֻεĴҡһ
ֹˣڴҡεͬʱÿ˶жһľͻ
Ǵˣ
һݣԺжһͷ
Ӵ𶯺ǵĻ岢İ֮ǰڵصװУءƺÿӴĻضԸˡ
ڵصװӵʱ廹û̫ĸоʱͻȻּ䲻ĸо
ãСģ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ󾪺Ժ
׹ʯ
¡¡ʱһҵƿͷ̧ͷֻعƺܵӰ죬һʯ˵ķ׹ڵĵܯϷʮССĿʯǷţͬ˵ķ˹ȥ
һֱж׶࣬˻󣬿ٶǧأͻȻӶݣЮʮʯһ·ţԾ˵ٶȳߵһļ塢аҲڲ֮С
һɲǼ䣬˷׷ױɫ
ƻϲϱ仯һĻ˶ûϵġ
䣡
ʯ䣬Ǳܵģ͵һ̧𣬾ҪͷʯȥôصʯùҲɡûȵ֣䣬ƵһֱͻȻͷ׹ʯ
ˣʱˣ
ü֣֡

а촽ƺҪ˵ʲôѾˡ
䣡
ʯͬʱɽ𶯣һɾ˵ģδֹӴϢһ̺籡աϢ̺һӴѹһ֣ೣ˲عÿһ䡣
˴峤棬壬аˣĸ˻һϵѪɫ˲ʵøɸɾ
ĵڻǷˡͻȻ֮䣬𶯣ʯĳ֣ھվڰԵĶˡ
꣬һתĴ촫У˵ĿУߵĶ˶תһ˫ԭȥâ㣬ѩĹ⻪Ŷˡ
ֹˣȫףϽⱩ䣬ԭֻߵĽ棬ʱ䵽֮࣬նŤеĶҲģ
ϱϢһ˲ͳԽߵˣֱӽ뵽΢䣬ɽУɹ־Եġʮ족˲ڶ
ֻͬġʮ족ֺƵҪӴö࣬˾Ȼֱû뵽˵عˣȫġʮ족жء
ڡʮ족ֵͬʱϣһĽУܵĽãĽɫ̣Ӷ籡գ֮ͻһ̱ݣԵױ
ͬǽɫֻ̣˸о»ȻѾʵ̬ͭĸһ㡣ֻһ㣬ʵҪǿࡣ
ž
ޱȵļž
һɲǣÿһ˶оһǿҵΣոС
鷳ˣ
Ƥع˻ʯ׹ѾûˡͻȻ֮䣬ɾжѾΪΣյĴڡֲֿѹзըͷƤ飬Ҫͣˡ
ƻǸϲϱ仯ͻȻ׹ʯʹ˶뵽Σ֮С
ϢӴ󣬷·һĶҲڴʱ뿪˱ǰ飬͵һ̤
Ǽ򵥵һ֮أ˲
ǰʱһţϣعˣһƬݣУһĳңδĹŴͻȻ׹׹䵽һʱ򣬶ʱٶȼ㴩⣬һץС
ùı
Ժйâһʲô
ɹĴǱֵġʮ족ǿԱ仯ġ
ġʮ족Իһ޴ĽɫꪣǰĶȴûʹġʮ족ʹһĳҵĳ
ȻˣеΣвûڳֵɲǣŨҵ˼㡣
ʹʮ죬ʹһĳֻ߳˵һ㣬ڽżΪ֮ʮ仯Ҫֲ
˼׼ֵףһɲǼ䣬нŵ˼㡣
תٴУʱ׼֡
ֻǣڵΪټһҲǶĶ֡
ܯϷţձ
˴峤桢аȫһĹҰ㣬ʱ׼Ͷս
飡
һ촫ٻԼǰʹõĳ󣬶û˿ԥһ
ס֮󣬶ϵϢñ֮ǰӵ¡
ʱ˿̣ԭص׵壬һԶ˵ѹ֮ľ룬ʱѾߡǺƺƵĽ⸲ѹ糱ˮ㼷ѹˡ
ʱ˿ΨһľǿڵĴչޣų⡣
һöĴǵϣ˵Ϣʾͻ᳹ױ¶ڶĸ֪С
׼֣һսⲻˣ
ҧʶͬʱԺ
һͿԽǼú޷֮ѾǰԶʵӿֲĶֵʱǺεֻǴʱѾ·ˡ
һ£ڻֵʱ򣡡
ͬʱа˿ڵĿⶢǰǰδеء
֪ǣѾ֡ȻڻȷֻǸܵʲôһ̣֣ܳ
а˵Ļعٴΰ


1501 ǧһ
Ķͷϲ亹ԴӴﵽʥ侳۷󣬼滹ûΣյľ棬˾ͽߣƫƫܶ֡ȻиоȵĲǼỳа˵жϡ
ʱδ𣬴ʱ˿̣ıеѹȫ㼯ϡ
飬һһ˴峤а˵ĿУսףߴ࣬һĶһǰܿʹԱ߲
ͼֹڶǰ˲Ÿոƶע⵽еĳ߳Բһ£ʱͷ
ߣ
΢ߵȼǿ뵽֮УΣһ˶ͷ亹ҪˣһжάϵϣֻҪһĲԣһս
һߣ
һ̤һΣֱӿ絽ǰ߲֮亹ӺĻ£˴峤棬аһȫᵽɤӣѾʮΣգֻҪһʾ⣬ͻ֡
򲻹ʱҲѾ˲̫ˡ
ȻĲͬһʼûκεĶ
̫ǿˣʵѾﵽ΢нף
ľ룬оһǰδеӴѹֻеԶʱ򣬲Żܵʵжǿ
ĸУʵһ޵Ԩܹ͸壬֪һߵȼռϢ
΢Դ
Ҫ볬Խʥ۷壬ﵽһߵľ磬ͱƿռ͹ϣӴڤڤһǿռ䡣Ҫﵽһ㼫ڴʳսײϸܹһΣʱĿռȶǰĶѾιˡ
һΣоСģƥеĸо
ԲʱͶͻ
Ժ˲ϢͷȫëױеϢֻڵĴɢ֫ٺ鲼档
ֹˣڤڤУʶƬеõ̫޼Ԫɹһķܿ측Ժһǣ帣飬һķһ֮߰ǰ̽Ĵɹйɹ
ʱһ̷·ֹ
Ҳı仯Ķ˶壬ĿеĺŨҲԽԽѩһĳ̧߳ۿžҪ˹ȥ
ã
һĻа˺˴峤ɫ䣬ûиоǵϢôһٽ̻ĶӵһҲ˵³
峤׼֣
аһʶ˴峤Ժ׼֡
ۿһս⣬ʱһ벻鷢ˡ
ˣ
û˿ףһʮǧëȫţ˵ĸ֪УһɵĴϢɢ
ϢǳۣͶȫ֮𣬵ϢȷȷʵʵǴɹϢɡ
ôܣ
ʱ𾪵Īڼˡж֮ǰÿ˶һɴǺڵϢȫͬġ
ĴôҲվǼٵģһСģ¶öʶʱŪɳ׾·һͬϢȻ΢˵ĸоԼġ
һ㣬ϺͶԼһģһ
ˣ
˵ĿУԭѾԵĳ߳ͻȻ񣬶ѩУҲ¶һ˿ԻɫͺʲôĶ
ž
ޱȵļž
˴ҳϢȻһģһһеûЧ˭Ҳ֪
á
ƺȷǰֻһԼһĴ޴ˣֻ䣬еĵɢȥ˳תһֻص˰ǰһ

һɲǣ˳һΣѣϢϢɢȥ
ߣϿ뿪
аߴٵҹζ࣬˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô⣬һͨһΣա
ܿ죬˰֮ǰԼ˳һѸٽ֮ͨУһֱ뿪վһû˿Ķ
ƽͨ˳ͨһɲһظһ㡣
ߣֻʣһعˣ
а˵ʶԺ
ɹͨ˶صĵعĴǣܹ˳ͨصĵعǾζţֻҪƣͿͬʵǿһصһع
˾ĴޱغԽԽˡ
һ·ǰʮ׳ĵعȣ˺ִܿһطӵع߳ȥһӶסˡ

ô£ȺȻǵع
ѵûһ

ӵعȳǰȻʣеһصĵعͬǰһƬ޴Ŀռ䣬ռ˵Ұ
ô£
˴峤üŹȴӵع˳
ɾӵӣչɣ֮Ƕ֮һһؿ˾ͿԵִﱦغģɹõ£Ž̫޼Ԫɹ
ǰԺĲһѵ˵󣿴ɾĳӳʲô⣬ûзŵع֮Уֻߴɾʵûӣ
Ժд˷һɻѡ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôûһһعҿԿ϶Ǵޱصĺģ̫޼Ԫɹһ
ͻȻ֮䣬һЦ𣬼һǰȥ
ôĥѣһ·ۣҲû뵽ԼȻĽ뵽˴ޱصĺġ
Сģ
վں󷽣һĻһһǰ
һжûвǧ򲻿ɴ⡣
һ˵ţһ߽ľ糱ˮѸٷռ䡣ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬͸ɫỤ֪̃ռĿ
һֱнǧ׵ԨԨɲ⣬ľո̽ȥһ룬ʹһ¡£ף֪ͨϣǧ׵̽룬ľͷ
µм䲿λľȴ̽鵽һЩ
⴦İĿռ䣬˭ҲҴ⣬˰ǰȻͼ棬ʦаһ𻺻ǰȥ
ð
˴峤ŹǰٵĴķƬĵģ뵵ûκεĶ
ǽʱ򣬶ڰ֮УĳҲûٻӦó֮⣬˻ûе
аһ߾Ĵķһ߿ڵ
ʵʵ̫ǿˣǽҲͨһ΢н׵ǿػߣôܹսʤġԭܹͨģ·ëǡ
û˵һв֮ǰ˿Ĵ⡣


1502 ţ
Ӧʱǰȫģ
忪ڵһǰȥһᡣ֪Ϊʲôдһֵζĳֶȼյζ
ӦЩ̵ζ
аӾķӦòûˣǲ֪ΪʲôʼЩ
ǰһʯţ
ͻȻ֮䣬˶δ䣬һԽˡ
Сģ
֣Ҫס棬ǼٶȺ죬ֻգۼ䣬Խؿռ䣬ӵعȵͨڷԾǰ±ߡ
ۣ
ͬʱһǰ˵ĿУһϤӰվǰǸոշӹȥļ档ǰƻһһңͬʱ
ƻĵײһĹâ漴ǰѸ죬漴ڶţšһŵƻǰһ·Ӷȥһֱû뵽
Ƭյĵصףǵƻ𣬶ƻ֮Уɣһϵɫʯš
ʯŴֻңŵƻһǰ죬ͨĳصһһֱӵҰ
쿴֣
ϲǰ͸һ˿Ʋסļ
һʯţ
ǰȥȻʯŵԱߣһԼߵĹʯ
һǰȥĿӹȼյĳƣɲǼ䣬һͻĲһֲĸо
ԣ
ͻȻе
ʦСģ
һͻھ޴ĵԨһɲǼ䣬аˣ˴峤뿴壬㵲ѡ
оɣûΪʲôôʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬һЦ
ٺ٣Ǵⶼ㿴ߣСˣ
û˿ףһ·ڤдȻ¿ռ
˵ĸ֪УһڰϢ޵У籩һ㣬ıԾ˵ϯˡ
˿־ǣֲϢֵĵطȻͨԱߵұڣֻ֮ࡣ
ã
һɲǼ䣬˴ʧɫ˭Ҳû뵽ôľȻ𺧵ǣôľ룬ɢľĴ̽飬Ȼûз֡
аˣ˴峤ôľ룬ͬûи֪˵Ĵڡ
˾һͷһ㣬ܹ˵ĸ֪
䣡
ҡضһ˴δܹıըϢǵأɽȻ֮䣬ϯ
ǹϢī̺ĻϢضΪ֮ɫ
Сģ
аˣ˴峤ɫһ䣬֣ͬһʱ䣬Ҳۼȫ˺ȥѾȥǰʮ׵˶˹˺ȥ
Ҹʼϲˣ˻Ѹ˷Ӧ
Ѹٵײһ𣬲˻ǵ͹˵ʵĻͨڵұв֪Ǳ˶ãֱʱ˷ֿӵʯԣ˱ɵǰͻȻ֮䱩ѣ˷Ӧʱ䡣
䣡
Ĺǿײһ֮ԿˣȻ˿·硣˲ǣ˵ϢոսӴ˵Ϣʧ
ãСģ
ʯ䣬аƺܵʲô˲Ϣɫ䣬ķһ̵ֻı𡣵һѾˣһ̣âһһߴӰ·һǰ͵һƳץ˹ȥ
һݣҲ룬ȫ˺ȥֻ廹ǵ͹˶ֵʵ
䣬ײһһɲǣоͺһɽײһ£ԷһǳֿϢ̺ȴǿޱȣ̺֮һŵıըֻһͱ׵𿪡ɢ
ণ
ֻһ̶·Ǻڶ𣬶Էڵĺɫһ֮󣬾Ȼһ㣬˳俪ֱڡ
۷ʱһ֮öԷ׵֣ǶԷƺǿ׼δδ״̬صѡ֡
꣡
һֻ޳ֱ۱ޱȣ͵һסĲӡ
˭ǰһҾĲӣ
һ˵Ķδ䣬һսָ
쵰
һĻа˺˴峤Ѿ˹ˣɵͣ½Ųǿг˺ȥ
ƵͷС㲻Ϊҿɣ˻ȥɡ
Ǹһ˿ǻ˶
ʱ䶨仰Ҳɷ߷ߵջ˽Ų
ԶļӲ𾪵˵ֻǰ鿴һʯʯţϵȻͷ顣
һʱ䣬ͬͷڣȫͶ׶֡
ιʦʲô
һһ۾ϳ͵ϮˡҪƣֻ书ľͬģƵЧ
Ǻǣ㻹ǲСư
ǰ˿Цһۣſ㣬ȫ޷˰ѸոǸں͵Ϯ˵Ӱǰϵһ
жιʦٿ˵ΪءʼĴһֱش򿪣˾ʹûмΪޱһһϢʹֵʱֻаιʦ⡣
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽µ͵ٹصͻιʦȻԱ˸ִޱصĺġ
ͶûоѾ˳ĵˡ
ֱ˼飡
˶͹ˣû뵽Ȼ˵ĸ֪ɹĴ߶֪Ĵڡֲһ·оգż

ٻ᷸󣬵һΣ岻òϣԼĵ͹һˡʱǰĲһĵˣĹۿĵط
ǣˣʦԼͷԶһɡ
ιʦ΢ЦֽţԵ£ҲȻԼķȡ
΢ݣιʦȻ㣬˵ʱԼӵ֣ûзɣԽսȻǸΣյ
ιʦͽϷŹ㣡
һ࣬аɫ࣬ȴȥ
˵ԭɽаĺ˵һϵͷӻǳ谮
ιʦ΢΢һЦһ˵ţһĲӣĴݻǰȥ
˵ʱжȴûͣһаģȫĺɫʱˮйһ㣬͸ֱӿڣ֫ٺȫѨ֮С
ȫĹ޷ֵֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͱסȫѨ;
ˡÿµʵ
忴ǰһ΢ЦİιʦԺжһ˿ͷ


1503 ιʦʵ
ιʦֵʱ򣬲ɽ¶ˮܣĸо֮Ƴ͢еĸ֥֮ɽ桢ħ棬ԪһҪ¡
ľǣӰιʦ֮У廹оһŨҵģ΢Ϣڴ֮ǰӴ΢ռϢգ̫˿
ǰιʦ¶ȴȻͬᣬڰżµĻ𣬺΢յϢȻ෴ߵȴȫһ
⻹һνӴһֽȻͬĸߵȼȫ۸΢ĸ
ǰͻ۹ͻɳ쵼ĵ۹Ϊǿͻʩɺ쵼ĵ۹ΪʢҲ࣬ԡɽΪͻʺʥأΪճӸߴǶͻʺ翴̫ĵطҲΪ̫ʥء
һѧԭȻͬѩɽ֮⣬еһʥءιʦǶͻʺ׿ȻȻǳ̫ʥɽ
尵Ժ˲Ϣͷ
ÿһʥأһ۹˹ظԭϵĴѩɽʥԴԴϵ˹ص۹һһĸ֣Բܸ˶ã˥伸ΣҲܻ˶ٸ˹ص۹ܹٶ𣬲ŴγΪԭĻ
ʥأǰΨûнӴģҲֻ̫ʥɽĸֶѡ
۹ǽӴƵģҲֻж޵İ󶼻ع衣
ιʦʲôôɹûֹ㣡
ЩͷԺзӶܿ쿪ڵ
ɫ򶨣˿ҡ
ǺǣɹȻҪҲҵĿ갡
ιʦЦ
˵˽ܵ飬Ӣ۱ǰšֱүʮѾƽϣ˹غگʮѾʮδݺ޵еĴʳ۹Ҳꪳɳʬȥĺ˷ϣʲôүĶ֡Ҳ͹ֲƵʥʣмӣһˡ
ˣ
ιʦ仰塢аˣ˴峤Զļһ˲׷ױɫ
ǳˣ޲ǳ̫޼ԪɹģǹִһᣬʵܶͻԱ⡣ǰιʦǾ仰һ˵ʶʱȻͬ
һ˲ĳֻǴʱ˿̣ȫ⣬޷
߰ɣ
ιʦ΢΢һЦָָǰ
Ŀȴû˸Ҷ֡ΧǿлӣιʦȴȻ塣
һ·壬ĴݣԶʯŶȥ
ʱ˿̣ìܲѣüοˣҪѣ԰ιʦ֣ǰιʦֻսָͷ
мüΣþԸֻǣιʦϾͨߣٶǰ벽΢ߡ
Һͻ˲ͬιʦʶԲ־ͣǼξܶԸ˵ġ
ʱ˿̣ìܵĪڼˡ
վʯԣʯšֻҪ̤ʯţҵɾ̫޼Ԫɹ
ңĹϵȻûа˺˴峤ôܣιʦΪʣԼ˵ûʲô
Ǻǣ棬ȵȵãȵһʯţɹ͹ˣ
ιʦԶļ棬ȻЦ
ˣ
汾ڿҪҪ̤ʯţιʦĻʱˡ
˭õɹ˭µһˣڱǰûֵܹ˵ǫˡ
ιʦⷬٶüԥ˼ء
䣡
һݣû˿ףͻȻһƺһǿ̺ˮϵĲͻȻʯȻȥ
ϣããУֻһ漴һйڼž
һҲ뺣ʧ١
ˣǵɣ
˵һԡ
аˡ˴峤ڣڰιʦ̫˽⡣ͬڶͶͻʺλͻʺλȻ£Ҫ˽öࡣ
ʵѳԽʥ۷壬ﵽһߵĲΣǱҪ涼ԸʵϣĶϣҲòϣԼʵ»λͻĶ֡
ҪǣιʦʵȺһ͵ִɹôõιʦѾ֣Ҳ뿪
λͻûʲôںϮ塣˵ûʲôŹ֣ǲ⡣
٣м
ιʦƳ˼һۣЦЦҲ⣬ץ壬ǰصʯŶȥ
䣡
ǰʱû˿ףâһһͻȻӵص͵ιʦĺġ
ġͬҪӴ࣬ɵҲҪܵö࣬һӴĻ
գ
˴峤ʱ򷢶ͻȻϮ
˴Ĵ˵У֮һɫҲǰ񹦵ǺųƵڻ磬ӵ֮ܡ
һӴ󣬵ǺʱãҪѹʵս֮иáʱ򣬷ʩչʱ
˴峤֮ǰ˵ԭ
аĿ屻°ߣȴʲôҲôܣ
䣡
ͬʱƵаҲͬʱ֣һֻ޴ɫƴ͵ιʦͷһϺףҷٶȼ֮졣
ֻ˲Ϣ䣬Ѿ˰ιʦ߲ĵط
һлԶûн䣬ͬʱһɰľʵʣ֮٣ݺݵײڰιʦԺСһͻ԰ιʦҲɫһͣɲǵĴ͡
ڵľӴȻͨƻưιʦǸػְ뵽һʧ񣬻õġ
ϣĸ˵뵽һʱܶˡ
ˣ
ǰû˿һ̷Ĭ˴ϣʹðιʦ˲뵽˼ȵơ
ɹˣ
һϲĿӹһ˿ѩĹâ
ιʦּҪ͵Ϯ֣ôסֻ֮󣬳ɹĿƾ棬и֮ʱ˲лɹ
ο巢ְιʦԼ֮󣬾ȻѴľϡĴɾӣιʦȻȶ˻Ҫɵöࡣ
һУ˵Ļᡣ
ιʦ֮ǰ͵Ϯˣڣаˡ˴峤֣͵Ϯιʦͽһһ
ִ֮䣬°ιʦΣնԵֵһ̡
䣡
ֻ춯صı죬ӿҵرըԵľɨķŨܵɫһһɢԲʮ֮ڣһƬհס
˾˵һȴȫûдﵽҪЧ
ĸУֻԼһҵĺɫضһһңڰιʦߵգڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣ־ڱصõһ


1504 Ѫ
ôܣ
һĻ˴峤۾һѾƴȫôҲû뵽ȻᱻһֻС赲
һ࣬а˵˴峤Ҫ𺳣

ͳı˴壬˴峤ͬа˵۽硢ʶḻҲΪˣавԽ𺳡
ϳ˵ʯӰιʦڷɳ
öķ
ɽУֱӵиıҲʤõġ¡ʶ˵ġС˹սϳֹġѪս족ЩǷҾѪսǾˡ
ܹ֮Ϊģ£ڣëǣ֮١
νĲϴ죬ޱȣһӵǿһıﲻͬЩˮ齻ڣߵĹҿԴߵֵⲿĹ
аעģöһɫ·Ѫܰ㣬鲼ض·ǲʲôװΣǰιʦضڵѪҺ
أÿһһֻӵһö޷Ҳ޷룬ֻսܶϾͷ֮Ĺϵһдͼ䣬ᱻ뵽֮УȻѰһˡ
ĵطӵмǿһĴԽԽھһͨ˵õҲп˲Ϊһ֡
죬Ҫһһǰ̣ϵŬΪˣɽм亱
аҲû뵽Ȼһ˸ֵϣֺĶ
Ѫ
ʱ˿̣𺳵ĪԶļˡ
аˡ˴峤ͬιʦڶһʵ̫ˣȻŹһǿǾû뵽ιʦȻһ
һǶͻʺʧٶǿѪ
öضϰɫ·ԼһصĹͻ֣ǴѪõı־
ڶͶͻʺĺ˶һͻ֣ǶϵĹͻģһƬׯصĴصġ
ֻҪ⼸öѪҪ͵Ϯιʦ;ܳɹ
һɲǼ䣬˵ɫѿ˼㡣
һģǳˮס
Ǻǣʲôʱ򶼲ܷɶľ谡
ʱ򣬰ιʦͻȻ˵ˡ
ûʦаˣԼ׷ԲԵ˴峤ιʦһ˫ЦЦϡ
а˺˴峤ĹΣֹͻıðιʦ﷭ģľ񹥻
ոһɲڵĴѪܵӰ졣һ㣬Ѫֵʱϰģ»п˵֡
ûвģвģǰιʦûϵġ
ˡҶһ䣬㵽ʲôʱ֪ͨǵģ
һ仰ιʦֱָ塣֮⣬ոǳжƺȫָӡıͼƻġ
û˵жʱȥ
ʧǵ͹˰ιʦλͻʵԶĻҪ¡
ܿܣȻˣҲ޻˵ҪôãϤɣ
ƽı۾ιʦʵʵ̫ǿˣڳûĶ֡
ǺǣģǴƵηһս˵ıѾԽ˰ǰ⣬ô³Ͼһ㡣
ιʦ̸Ц㱻塢а˵˰֣Ҳ
岢ûιʦġô⣬ͲϮԼˡģǰιʦ˵Ǿ仰
ιʦҪɱҪУı㣬㻹ˣʲô
嶸۾ǰİιʦ
Ǻǣģһˡ
ιʦȻһЦץ壬ضѵˮ㣬䣬ɵʯԱߡ
аۣҲһֱôõģٸǾݹֱ飬ɱٸɵǣһõɹ
󷽣а˺˴峤Ҫ׷ȥодİιʦһͣ½Ų

һɹжݱʼûϵġ
޺棬޺Ӱ룬ӹ˺˺ͻ˵ĵص׷ɱھޱĵطȴ벶ȸںİιʦ
˵ʵȫԽȻɽ¶ˮ͵ĸ֪УʵֻѾԽԼˣϵĶͻʺ͸ûĶˡ
ΨһɵģҲֻԼˣټ˵Χ
˹ɺ𣿡
ͻȻڵµͷ侲ˡ
Ǻǣҡ
ιʦȻЦ
Ŷ
仰üëһ¶һ˿ɫ
ʩֻṩһ޷ܾˡ
ιʦһɰ⡣
ʱЩ졣
ڱУһнɲˣ巴ȻˡΨһЩģǴԺʵƺЩ̫һ
Ӽе֪ιʦڶͻʵλû뵽ȻѾӶͻʿɺĵز
ιʦڶͻʺĵλеĻҪߵöࡣ
ʲô
̲סʵ
ιʦû˵ֻƳһ壬΢΢Щ⡣һĹͷɫ԰ף亹꣬Ҳпˡ
ȴ򶨵ЩԤϡȻʩɺ֮Ľˡ
ǣҲʲô˵ܡ֮ǰһԸʲô֪ģԸ㡣
Ԥϣ屾Ϊιʦܾû뵽Ȼͬˡ
ܿ췴ӦһιʦԽô󷽡ԽǱŹԼ
ʩʵҲû˵ʲôֻǸ߱жУ˳ɱ㣬Ƕͻ̫ɽһΪ̣ҲԳΪͻʵĹʦ
ιʦһ仰ˣͶͻʿɺʩ֮Ľ˵˳
һ˵ţһЮ̤ʯţǰȥǰĺɫӿͣҲɲˡ
գһŲʯϻص˵ɫʱʱ֡
̤ʯţһĸоӽ´Ŀӹԣխխɫʯף岽һյĵƻûκηʩȥɡ
һָоȻͨﵽһǧ⴦Ԩֻ±ﻹҪ¡
طֻѾֹˣ
а


1505 ֮
ȻûеͻʺҲ֪ǺڲʵǻңҪһʦӦò̫ѵɣ
ܿ񣬿ʵ
һָоҪ˽ⶫͻʺڲرڲȨõĻᡣ
Ǻǣ㲻ͻˣ˽ʦͻ˵еķ͵λôҲ
ιʦ΢ЦƳһ壬ƺѿģȴȫûоܾ˼屾ˣڻ߻ħ⣬ͬ˵£ԸǾЦˡ
ͻʺɣһݵЩơ֮УǵһΪҲǿһͻʺĹʦһһȫǵһ
ιʦƮƮһ˵ţһߴǰȥĲĴݣͥŲһ㶼
ǶͻʻͻʣǷѻںϣΪͻʵĹʦһӵгԽ׵ĵλҫѾΪһִͳʱţǰһ׮֮󣬵ھҲûгʦͻҲȡ˹ʦĵλӴˣͻ޹ʦҲ޹̡ǵڣֱܴ衣
ιʦ˵ⷬʱע⵽ɫһ֣һ˿ʹ岻ɴΪ졣
˺ǵƴȫ޲ö󺹹³ϹʦݣָڵĹ̵λֻϧͻʻǶͻʣȨ̫ءⲻ֪ڳΪ̾Ϳģ󺹹϶ΪһаһʦΣвǵȨֻϧ˶ӣһ㣬ԵһԸûʵֹ
ιʦƺ£΢΢ֻ࣬Ƭ̣ιʦָ
ˣʩΪʦĽףǲܾܾġ
ιʦ˵ţͻȻͣ½ŲƳһ壬ЦЦ
Ƶ£ʬԼȻô볯Ϊͻʵʹǹʦ飬Ϊ˶ͻʺƣ˵ҲҪһΣɺǵڶͻʺݡ
пһʱ顣
ɺ֮սñѩ˴ʳ۹ڷѩʮܶ佫òڴƹȻǴһǶڴܱй˵ȴҲ˶ɵأΪжݣΪԵ۹ľ޴в޲ɱ֮졣
ιʦָȻ飡
벻ʩɺ»ǿҰ
ͻȻһ̾ڵģιʦһʼŶԸֻˡ
¿ߣֻ¿͡δޱسۼ֪ٸ֡˿͹ľˡ
ιʦ
Ŷ
תͷԱߵİιʦĿһ¡ιʦ̬Ϊ⣬Լͻ˵ĴУƺмֲʱ˵͡
ǣо仰ԣԹ塯Ԫһ棬Щаɸֶ̫Сˡǵ˵Ӧʦа߻ħ˰ɡʵʺͱ֣㶼ԶǡҲѹԪһ̫Ƶ㡣
ɾµĴƵģı֮Ҳ򿪵ģޱصĺģҲԪһһִһֻżȻΣΡͲô򵥡ԪһͬҴСԼĶ֡һʼҾ;㲻ôöԸġԣ֮ǰʱҶûж֡
ιʦ
ʯƺƣŨŨϵƮȥվʯϣֻñͰιʦ޽飬ǰ޽ʣδιʦȻˡӡ
ϸ룬ĻֻԼոճڴ󸽽Ѿرע⵽Լˡ
뵱ԼȫѰҴɹʱ򣬱ȴһ˫۾һֱԼָоܡ
»ǺֶΣһʼҾˡ룬Ųرͼʱ򣬾Ѿƻһаɡ˶ΪԼռ˱ˣȴ˭뵽ȫΪ˼ѣ
忪ڵ
ιʦ˷ӣЦһɰ⡣
ˣܵôʥҲ԰ˡһ鱾Щף֮˫¶ĹޣаعؿĻ˶㵽ǴƳģ
ιʦڵ
ͻ̫ʥɽб֮أеѧྶͥеѧ֮Уǵһġ֮Ϊ⣬ɳΪǱ伣ĵһѧ
ιʦԵڵžѧҲ԰ʵϣһ·عؿȴͥŲһһͨ˵ִѾ˵⡣
µһġ֮Ȼˡһ֣ܲô˳ץ廹治һ
Ӹո𣬾Уιʦʵ֪嵽ģ
ιʦƽƽһ仰䵽ȴǲɶһ¡
֮ԭǿžѧһ·оյִġ
üͷһдΪ⡣
ιʦһ仰͸¶ԼܡһֱΪιʦһ·ģĻιʦʼոû֡
ĬгιʦվһԣҲż̬ǫͣ˵ʱҲǿͿͺǺܾòѣȫ޷⣬ߵͨĵˡ
ֻ˵˵۽ֱۣʼûаֵɶ
˵ԼĵˣιʦӲӡи
һﻹǿ°
ȻڰιʦĲȥҲ𰸣תһ룬ˣԼ˵˵ʲôء
ƻ𣡡
ָʯϵһյյȼգɢâ͵ƣڿڵ
ιʦһЩɻ󣬲巢͵ƻʲôϵһ̣һ⻮Ժιʦ׹ɳһ̾
ˣЩףΪʲôᣬܺųƴһսøɵˣ
ƻȼվͻᷢỤ̃оͻȼյζιʦֻע⵽ԼϢȴûע⵽Լ֮ǰ̤ʯŵʱƻȼգڿȼյζŵ˿ȼյζŷ
ʲôˣһΣ㡣벻ǵһĺ֮Ȼֵط
ιʦͷһ̾пѣ֮ƺԽͺιʦĻУȴȻιʦ˵мӣȴиоһصɱ⣬ұ֮ǰӵŨҡ
ȻԼֵԽܳιʦͷ϶ԼԽԽǲ׷ŹԼ


1506 أһ
¡
һҪûӰιʦϴһЩʵѰһЩʱһӿĿⶸӹǰһ𣬶ʱסˡ
һɲǣʯϵ紵һӰǳ졣
ôܣ
ͻһʱֹס˻ͷ
һֱΪǺͰιʦ֮⣬ûˣǴʱ
ԣ
һܿоһЩԾ
ӰվʯϣǳͻأҾ˲̫ԶȴϸоκϢҡŤͷһԵİιʦֻιʦԼЦЦһɲǣʲô
ʲôһִιʦô򶨡
Ǻǣ㣬Ѿµˡ
ʱһӶдιʦһֱ۲壬ϵκһ˿仯ӲιʦҲûж˵һʯǰȥ
߰ɣҴȥɣ
һ·ǰƬ֮ڿʯϵǸˡ
˵ߴΰһõĳۣ趯
˫ŷֻֿǾվӰ͸һּǿĸо¶һʦȡ
˫಻߳ߵľ룬ȴϸо˿Ϣľɨʯŵʱ򣬶ʱԽ϶㡣
һˣ
Ҵ顢绯ֻѾкܳһʱˡ
⵽ʲôˣ
˵ĹС
˽֪ޱֻмرͼ˳Ҽ㿪һ·Ҳأֻع޲˵˰ءûȻ˱ԼĽ뵽һ˳뵽˺ģߵʯϡ
վʯһѾȥǿߣһһеһжһδ֪
ĿѸϴȻһ̣˳˵£Ŀɨ˫ģɢźһĽһͷǵͼڣͫ׶һ¡
һͻˣ
£ֻһЩͻˣһЩݷǷͻʹ壬Żڽǵͼڡ
ˣ
ڤڤһ⻮Ժ뵽˺ܶܶ࣬ϸѰ˼һʱȴ·ʲôûС
̫ʥɽǰһʦʦͬʱҲǴͻһλʦ
ʱһӶдιʦɫ£ǰһΣָ΢΢˼֣еλͻʹʦƺһĹһޱȡ
ʦǰ
һƤôͻʵĹʦȻһǧ׵ĵ£˴ޱصĺ֮˵ȥ˭ţǰǵӰеĹԽǿˡ
֪ǰ⴦һĳԼ֪Ĺ¡ҲżûѯʣȻιʦԼԸ˵ʦ֣ôеĹ£ԼʣҲȻԼ˵
Ȼкܿ˰ιʦ
ʦͻΪ֮ӣ֮ӣ̫ʥɽһܳţҲǵһǿʦ֮һŶʮ겻Ѿ˵һеľ֣ڵĳϣΪͻһĹʦ
Ųʮ꣬ѾطΪ˶ͻʵ۹ʵĵһֹ֡ˣʦǿʶѧ̫ʥɽһеѧڻͨԼǿ󹦷
Ҳͻʡ˹ءگеѧ֪ļƻڻܶͻʾи֣߸׳Ƴʦԭѡһ£ӡ֤ѧڴﵽߵѧ硣
ݸƣΪѧʥأѧ̫ʥɽһȻͬʦµʱ䣬ӱ£һ·ܴСɣһһŰݷãµʱ䣬̤£øָ֣ȻûһĶ֡󲿷һ֮жٲֵܵʦУҲˡ
ʦие൱ʧ

һζǰ£ڰιʦĿʦվʯϣʬˣڤڤиһǿҵĳУͷ·ǰ£ǰһ
һԵ΢ɲüͷɽˣɽеҲ̫˽⡣ιʦĻȴ뵽˵ʦа˿һЩ¡
ʦǰսԭ£аȴͰιʦ˵ı񣬼Ȼ෴
սȥŸɵŰݷãܶսҲᱻƵòòֶ֣μ̡
ЩսʧܵĶ֣󲿷ֶֽŽȥʦսһɾʹݻһɣɽٵŴСС֮ࡣ
ʦܴǿأǶʵˣֻϰˡ
ʦһ·£ûеùĶ֣ĸָǲҲݵһΪһһƽ١
ʦа˵˵ʦʵȷʵܸߣɽо󲿷ֵ߶Ķ֣Ҫ˵޵УҲá
٣֪ɽ˶֪ԪһЩˣж֪ƾս֥˵ڹеʥˡ
ЩһӶɽн֣ɽ緢ʲôƽ٣ҲǾֵܲġ
ǶЩսĺ˵սʤԪһȻ͵սʤĸ֡û˵
ڵʱʦĺƽŭЩظ֡һЩصĸ־׼ȥԸʦʱλͻʹʦѾϣ뿪
һ·׷ϣϣʦȴڳ֮ʧȥʦӰ˺Ҳû˵˵ټ
ǰճȴҲں̵ܶʱʧ٣ͬǳһ
£аҲֻǵһ½廹аˣû̫⣬ϾѾǰˣ̫ңԶˡ
ֻôҲû뵽Ǹԭһƽ٣¾ɽġˡȻǰιʦһʦʬͻ̫ʥɽʥ֮ڣȴⰵյĴޱصº֮أĬĬһʯϡ
ңԼǰ
ʦԭļƻ֮һĿ꣬˹شѩɽʥɮʦ˶޷Ტۣ޷ͬӡ֤ѧôѩɽʥɮȻǸԺƥеǿ֡ʥɮĶ֣ʦ޵УҲûʲôˡ


1507 أ
ľ磬ߵľ磡
ڴ뿪Ϸر߽ʱʦһˣһˣʦһ͸оʵǿұǰκһֶҪǿö࣡ʦ׷ʮʮҹһֱӶ׷ӽһűòԼ֡
ιʦᵽ֣Ƥһʲôιʦ˵ĲϸǶ˵ЩѾв³ˡ
էһ֣ʦʩչѧȻȫ֪ͬͻʡ˹ءʳѧ˵Ǽû˵˵գǿֵĹ
ʦһѾܣǴﵽԸӵĵزһ֣ʮУȻ߰ȥһԸԼҪ֪ʦʱѾﵽ˺죨΢ûдﵽ㾳磬¸Ķ֡ˣҲѾоˡ
ʦǿʶͨ񣬶鼮ûκһ伮ᵽŹκصĶʦԽԽľ֪Լĳص֡
ϵ书ȫʦûмġ˽һǧУʦûлʤƣ黹ûз򵽺ͣս˵Լϲɱڹ»ҲԸκಫϣҵ㵽Ϊֹʦ˵ƷظҲΪʦǿʵϧ˲ʶȻ˽ύΪĪ档
һС£ƺʦᣬ˴֣Ŀɳ𡣶飬ʦǳʹģҲǳϧֻǶԷʦȻʦ˿⣬ֱһСʦѣ£һ·׷ȥ
ιʦ˵˴͸һ˿ϧƺѼķĿеΪźιʦû˵꣬ͱˡ
ߣû⣬еǸˣǴɾӰɣ
һյףӶ׷ܹԷգټʦ˴ޱغĵʯϣιʦеǶ£ýҲ֪ν˾ǴɾӣͬʱҲ֮ǰһļˡ
ʦԭֵ÷з嶼û뵽Ȼڳؼҵʱ˴ˣҲֲôҲһϢ鲻
ͻʹʦмܽӴõ
˵ݵĻһ顪
ɹ˲£ɽһûʲô˵ʦԸ񣬼Ȼ֪ɹĴڣ޲ɹ̺۵ĵѧһӲ⴫οɹѧʮ󹦷еһʦȴֱҪʦȻòȻ
ûв´Ļʦɹûз͵ϮҲֻˣܽΪʲôǰιʦƤǹһô޳ܵ飬˵ôʲôϧΪĿһ㰡
һʵ飬Ǽ
壬ͼ죬һ·׷ɱ˵һǧ׵ĴɹҲֻһССᣬ£ʲôԹķˡ
ǺǣѾǼǰˣǹǹɺ˵Щֺα̫棿
ιʦϵףҲֻ΢΢һЦ赭дһʴ
֮ǵһʦʱŽֻϧɹ˳ɼ̫һ·øֻԸʦ󶼱ʦһһ⡣ʦҲǵһμصô಻Ϊ֪أ۽磬һʱ䣬ҲͲŽˡ
һ·ʦвУɹ˵ֶȫû˿áϣɹҲɼɣһ·쵽˴ޱصĺģһǿɱʯϡǴͻǰܳĹʦҲôڵصףʹ䣬˲Ϊ֮ʹϧ
Ҫǣʦǵһ̫ʥɽӰΪӴԺʱҲûгֹһʦ˺λɺֱȡ˹ʦĳƺšǵһҲԴһ겻ûˡ
˵ιʦȻˣɳ̾Ϣһ
˵һ˥ΪһĵЩ˵Զ𺳵öࡣ
ĮȻιʦѵǰ¶ܹоóַⷬθû˿ΣΪˣҲòϣλͻʵĵκζֶȻͬ
һûеӺݺȡ
ߣ˵ףЩֻ룬㲢ĿãеĹ¶ǽڲ²ͺƶϣûκεƾʵݣȻҲ棡
ͻȻڵ
Ǻǣô֪ûĿã
仰ιʦͻȻŤͷһ壬΢΢ЦЦ
ԣпһʱ˵
ͻʹʦʦɹ˵ι£Ѿٶ꣬ǰ飬ȻĿãǰιʦ顭
ַëĸоƺֲֻ˵˵ѡ飬ôܣ
һ࣬ιʦȴŤͷĿǰŨŨԹ˵û塣
ʦش֪ӡһϰ䣬ԼȻôĴۣĸԸοԽǺɹ˽֣ԽǸоŹĲ
ˣǰǿ̣ȫǵһطеľͬһĹȫѪУȻһ·ʯ͵һ·ʹС
ιʦһ£˵ιʦû˵ȥЩ˵ѾˣûбҪ׸ԡ
ڰιʦ˵裬һڴޱصĺģվʯϣĿôͻʷʦʦʬû£һ̣ιʦƺҪһԼĹ¡
õĹڡ
ϾܿҪˡ
û˵д˷
һ̣װιʦΪʲôҲΪʲôһŲͼܹԡ֮Ԥ֪Ļ壬ˣȵִ
ǰһ£շתֻأվֻص
ʦǵһغͽɣӲҵһġشһ⣬һشһ⣬ˣ߰ɡ


1508 һ
ιʦץ壬ںѺ˴ʦʬԱ߲һΣιʦûпһֻۣʶŤͷ
ʦıӰٶʱ䣬飬춷İϢȴǴûиı
ǵת棬һȴֲͬ
ʦ˫ѾΪڶã޾ϷƺһɲǣѪĶ
ӹ棬ĿľһĻ
ʦűһгʿߵ߹ǳ׷飬侪㤡ôصˣ˵ʦκ˶ɡҲѹѡеĹͼѪ
ֻһͱһɴţŰιʦһ·ǰȥ
ιʦǵһĹѾˣץҵʲôҪɱҵĻֱӶְɣҪˣʲô䵽УҲѣ
±ȸιʦһǰȥʼֵĸо
˵ڵĶͻʺ˹ڣѾΪжд̣ιʦɱĻֱӾͿԶ֣ˣôĻҲòŸ˵ôĶ
ǺǣҪ飬ܿͻ֪
ιʦȻһЦ鿴ĪҲûж˵һ·ɫʯŵľͷȥ
غһƬžŶأʱ޷롣
ͰιʦУյĽŲԨʯϻ졣
ԶԶأһ𵴡ζͻȻӶдر죬˲ע⡣
ˣ
ʱ򣬰ιʦ˵ˡʯŵĸߴѾʦ˴峤ˣιʦҲ֣һصζ
ԣιʦĺ۴죬ιʦĿǰ
ǵԵ־͵Ϊֹˣ
ιʦ͸һرζ
ԣѡﶯ𣿡
Цвû˿η塣ĿѸɨһܣɫʯŵѾսᡣʯŵĩˣ忴۴ϸУһ·쵽Ũ
֮ǰĻ죬Щ𵴷ġ
û֪Щͨеһжһصɴ
ӭź磬ʯŵˣȻ㵽˴ʱҲûװιʦΪʲôɱҲҪʲôֻҪԼϵõʲô
𣿡
ɻʱһϤͻȻӶߴιʦԣһָָǰ
ǵһʦʦһͿԵõɹһУֻϧǰѽǱӴޱȣʦѾͻƵΪҲȫǶ֡Ҳǰǿشڴˡ
˵ʦ˴ɾĴˣ˵Ǳ񽣡
弫ĿǰȥȻǲ𵴵ǰŨޱȵʲôҲ
һ̣һͼӴľɢȥȻܿ죬һӴľӿɾƱ֮ǰڶиܵģٻҪӴʮľŸո̽ȥûãͱ֧顣
ţ
üֵֺĸоеľƣ𵴾ЧڶһģһĽṹʽȴֺ֮ǰӴľƽȻͬһɵķֲУȫһֲͬľ̬
ֹˣȻ־Ƹĸоǳǿ󣬵뵽Ƭĵʱȴûио仰˵ľΧģҷΧԲܴ

ҲʱһɰͻȻХһŭףû뵽ǰŨС˲Ϣ䣬ǰιʦֻǷһ䣬Ŀͽǰɢ
һ̣ӭǰ嶸ȻһߴӰӰӰ´£ɽһ㴣
˫ŷ忴ȥʱƺҲңңĿһߵͰιʦ
һĻͻж׼һܿ죬Ͳʲô
һ
һʧͺιʦһ両ʱ忴·ؿһɫĴޱ־Ȼվһϸоκλ˵Ϣ˸ĸоȴһģһ
Щ˲ǵʬһЩĽƣϢǸı䲻˵ġ
ӵһ·뵽һ·Ҳ˸ǰͶĹؿ֮УΨûпɾĳӡ
ҲһΪɾĳӸȻôҲû뵽һ˻һĿǰ
ɾĶӾѾ΢ˣսһĴɹʵս֮ǿƥС
ʵѾǿ塢а˵ڷ¶֮ΪУһȶҪǿʵжô£֪
ȻȷʵǴɾĳӣΪɾĳӣҪصĹؿڵعҪģǻһǰǰѽҪõǰѽ
ʱ򣬰ιʦϤʧʱĴӶߴ
һϸȥȻһǰ忴һĳҵĳнӽһ붼ǰĵ棬Ҳʱڿĩ˵Ķ
̳
һ𣬶˳
һڿеľ޴̳̳ʯ죬ɽͰ㴣һǰιʦеǰ񽣣ȫǴ̳ǰ
Ŀ⣬޴ļ̳ʮ֮أ̳ı飬ɫطģ͸һּϵζ
˳صĶȻڰ֮Уһӿƺû˿Ӱ졣
ˣ
ֻһɲǣŨܵٴӿһĻϣֽ޴ļ̳һԼǰĳ߳û֮С
Χĵģţ廹ǰιʦ˾þվûп˵
ʦ书˫ĺֻ֮һѣӦֵɡ
ͻȻƼž
Ǻǣô򵥾ͺˣҲͲ鷳
ιʦȻһЦļ⡣书ԺѴﵽ˼һĵز弸仰ܺ˵ġ
УٷŭιʦҲ˿⡣
飡
ιʦҲѯʣͻȻ֮ż⣬һ̤£һɴ˳ݶȥصڰιʦĽ¾𵴣Ҳͬһʱ䣬ϣһͻȻӶд
ĺףҲһǳǧ飬鲼ռ䡣


1509 ޽
ͬһʱ䣬оͻ𣬾ͺ񱻳ǧϢͬʱֻҪһɲǣͻһЩµķѡ
ʲô
գ۾ʵ
ڣҲ԰Ϊ޽󡣡
ιʦڵ
·ӦѾҲԽƳǿ֪ܲĽʵʦһŽϽнΪ壬ʱ꣬ٱһϵǻۺԣϴһĹԼļϽҲһ߽
ιʦһ˵ţһ֣ǰһɲǼ䣬Ƭ·һֻεĴֲƮƮзһ̣ĳϽн飬緱һ㣬ǰʯǰɴһ·쵽
էһȥһʱ֮Ҳûֱܷﵽжٵĳн齣еЩн齣Ⱥ߮ںа߮СһĻ𺳣˺ëоһɷĿ־С
һǰκһͬҵĺ֮ûЧֻҪ̤ƬͻܵһĹ
ߣ뻢Ѩɵûӣ㲻Ϊʲôõɹɣôͻʵδʦѵһû𣿡
һ˫Ȼ໥ΪУҲװιʦƲܷŹ˵ʱȻҲòŶ
Ǻǣ˽һʲôˣͲô˵ˡ
ιʦҲ٩٩̸
ɾӣΨһӲԽ̵ģҲΨһɾµĹ͹ؿմɾּ⣬ԶġڴɾһĹͽͬʱҲᶨ׷ߡ
˵ûһûޱأҪõɹͱʵǿһ
ιʦ˶٣ŵ
һҹǵĻǰǰѽ

ĿһдΪ⡣
һֱΪǰѽһһģ߸׼ȷ˵һǰѽιʦĿǣƺȫô¡
ǰѽǳ⣬κֻҪ̤ǰѽͻâڱ㲻ڡҾԽָоԽǿҡ
ʦʦһ·ն֮УͥŲһ㡣Ψ񽣣ֻʮಽ䤱ɫףȻȺ˴սһҪĹʦҲ
ұΪʱ䣬񽣵ӦѾࡣǵ̤ŷ֣ʦļȣ񽣵Ȼ֮Խǿ󡣡
Ҳǰ߲
ιʦ˵һ룬ȻһЦת
֮һĹпֵܵǼǱ񽣣һжʱȻͬһһ˴ޱһǵ취ǵ͵õĴɹʹɵ
ɵ
ƤһĴӰιʦĻвһЩµϢһǱ񽣵ĴѾǳˡιʦеɵǴδţ֪ΪʲôιʦˣƺǻҪ֪Ķöࡣ
ǺǣҲ޷
ιʦȻһЦƺ϶ɣܴѣԶǰʣ֪޲ԣ
ԴӴѪǰص̫ʥɽѾߴʦļߴ֮䣬н̣ഫÿһĵ㾡ȫռٵܣͼҳͻʷǿĴʦ֮һʦ޵ص׵ܡ
ҲǴʱǵ㾡ȫ԰ٱ֮ǰŬռϢеɴţʷżеİ޹Ұʷйص޹صģͳͳռ֮С
򲻸ˣںķߴ֮ǲ鵽˴ɾĳӵļأķ֣ɾһִɵĶҩ
ֵҩԴߵʵڵһȱݺ缲һеƺͲʹҪǣܹߵǱЩѾľǱܣΪѾﵽޣ޷ٽһߣһ߶ȣܹ̤㵽ߵľ硣
ĵҩֵǣͨҲͰˣӦףѾǱľʱõһŴɵĻζʲôɡ
ιʦеڴ
Ȼǰâɣ棬Ԫһ棬Щԭǵɾ뢣ǰҪȻʧɫ
ֻаιʦ֪ΪѾﵽ˾ͷ˴ɹɾڵ˶ɵҲıض֮
Ѿ̽ŴɵڵλãЩȴ֪ˡ
ˣ˵ˣɣ
ιʦ΢΢һЦʧźͷȵһơ
һĻ嶸ıɫ
ޱصһΣأ۷¼ǱɣΪⳣеı֣֮˵ȴһ֮ǰĴأˣޱûд򿪵ͨˣصףЩΣޱȵĻ壬Ҳûס㡣
ޱصһؾ鷳汾һȥɣ
ιʦ˵ţһֱץһɣͻȻ׵ĳ˻
ڳͬʱҲоڵĹһɣԭסĹͻȻ֮䱻ס֮һֻ˲ֵӵһԱ֮
һĻͻһʱסˣôһɲǣҲһ˿㵡
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬͸оιʦɢȥǲĺɫХ£һַʽ뵽ԼĵԼΧҪѨ֮С
еĺڰټҪѨһָǿķ֮
Ǻǣͻ̫ʥɽһشĶ֮٣ҲֻĵյڿʼˣʲôֶҪ룬ֻҪƣֻ·һ
ʱ򣬰ιʦͻȻӶд
ˣ˳˵һ䣬֮һһҵͷ֮Ѫ仰˵ˣҲһˡ
ιʦȻһЦ̧һָһɲǣ忴ιʦָⲻ֪ʲôʱһѪָνʮָġȻҲܹ׼ͷ֮Ѫ
һɲǣɫʱѿޱȣһҲ˲ˮס
ιʦ㻹ǵõʦ洫һıɣ

Ǻǣˣ
ιʦǺһЦ˿Ϊ裺
㣬취ôһأȡǱ˵ȻǿҾܾĻȻЩźҲɱ㣬ǰɺʩ֮ĽסһôϾôΣգҲվһϣ𣿡
쵰
ĶŰιʦа޲ѡιʦƺѾԶԼôѡ񣬶˵ûʲôʧԼιʦ˵·
ǰжѣ벫һ
Σðιʦóѣ


1510 ̽
ŭŭܿƽĿһתѸٵǰˣ٣ѾԶһֵѾ֮ǰϺܶࡣ
Ұʵָһ𣿽ƾܴù޽󣡡
ǿŭ
ǺǣУɣɣʵܵס޽׷Ϲֺαضһ١
ιʦҡҡͷɵ
ֻһû˵ҲֻǾ¶ѣιʦĻؾܣҲԤ֮С
Ŀһתܿ۲µִҪ봳һأִ棬õɹҪ
ãغ죬ǧ滹飬Ĺ̻ģ۶ϣ
һ۾˳
Ϊȸֽԭ򣬽ӴĲϣغΪĲ֮һȻܹһ۱ʶɾĶʹõغһϵĻͬʵظã⣬غĲʡ
Ҵɾʹõļӹ̷ҲʹõͨģڴʱģЧٱڵǿġ
ֻһ㣬ֻۡ
һ̣ǰʱıɫֻ֮飬ȫǰ߲ĽۣЩطĽﵽ֮һСεնǰǰ߲ĽۣĿ꣬ۼ͸ˡ
޽
Ժеһ뵽ЩһƺͲӴ
У
峤һ
һʵʵ̫ǿˣֲŴĵغֻҵȸֽвһȴƾǿĽ˫̫࣬ڵʵĶֻ֡һ̤󷢶ͱɣ
д˷תЩͷܿǰ

ĴһòŰιʦֱ֣һǰĿƼãֻһգۣǰƬɢŻζٴοǰڰеؼ̳Լ̳ǰһͲڵϵس
еһӰӰ´£һƬңԶľһһ
֮Уһ˾һԵһ㣬¡һǰǱڵϵسԽʡ
ĿƳǱسʱһĸод֪ΪʲôǱһ΢ĸоָо˵壬ֻһ˲ָоʧˡ
֡
üȻܿ죬ͻعƬ̣ʯż𼸿ʯӣһͽһʯӶŶ浯ɳȥ
ϣ
УһĽ嵯ʯֻڰзɳһξ룬ͱһʳ룬׹ȥ忴һĻĿйâһû˿ԥָһһʯӵ˳ȥ
ǵڶţš
岻ϵļʯӣֲϵĵɳȥȻֿЩʯڲͬķ򣬲ͬĸ߶ȣΧĴ޽гһƬһƬСƬӰ׹ȥ
̣ιʦһԹۣ˿ûдšɫƽû˿Ĳֻе嵯Щʯӵʱ΢΢һ¡
Уÿһʯһ뽣󣬾ͻܵܵʮеĹٵҲ߱
һʯӣͷ­΢ţ˫Ժм˼ڵľ֮ǰͬģҲӦӣιʦԷסĹȴ޷סľ
ڸոһѾеʯӣ˲õĶ
ֻǾˣȻֹۡ
ڵ˵ǰǱ֣֮벻취·һ
ʱδȥһϤڶ
ʱޣɣ
ιʦ΢΢Ц
ȻдɾµػأҪ뵽£һ򣬾һǲһֱôȥġ
ֻҪܹȥʦӦòʹһЩֶ𣿡
ԣʱȻһЦͻȻվתŰιʦ
ιʦһ漴һЦ
ǺǣֻҪ㲻עҵϣȻûйϵ

ιʦ䣬ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬ɫûʯУɷ籩ϢͻȻ˵ĸ֪СҲƬ̵ʱ䣬ֿǿӰʯϣȴ˴峤ʦаˣĿ䣬ݺݵĶŶʯĩ˵İιʦ
ĿɱˣιʦѾǧٴˡ
ôʦȥ𣿡
ιʦ˫֣һĻ壬ЦһԵ壬һȤζɫ
ôܣҲֻǶͻ̫ʥɽŸɵó
һȻһЦ
ƺӦĻа˺˴峤󷽣з飬һĽŲһɱ֮а˺˴峤ҪǿϢͻȻ̤ȶĲӺ
ɵУ˫նȴ˼ɵصһ۾䵽˶İιʦϡ
ˣɾĵˣ
֮ǰʱΪ˷ǰصΣգͨʱǰ档û뵽ȴιʦƣ˿ӣӺͻϮץס塣ֵĻᶼûС
гֵιʦһֱǵĵЦݣȥҲû֮ǰô⡣ЩɾĵӣιʦٻЩɵ
壬㣬ͻСģ
ιʦźΰߴһ˫ص
ǺǣʦҽϮ𣿡
Űιʦ΢΢ýӲͻȻЦѵõ˲١ιʦһ˶ˣԼҲ뵽ƿ֮С
վǹ˼ɺͼɵĶ
ιʦɫ΢䣬ܿЦ
ˡҪˣǵһĽ֮١ͨİɣ֪ҷ֮ٵĻÿ죬ÿ죬ͷҲж磬һң
ˣ
ⷬû˵ȴӹһĨĹâͻʺδĹʦĻҪѶԸԼڵİ֮ʼǸ
ιʦû˿вϷ°Ϸĵӣһ㣬ǵһ۵ģ
֮Уаɫ䣬ͻȻڵ
ȻԼƤ±°ߣȻԼ֮ǰսĹ಻޹ϵȻаǰδеŭԴӹ֮аϵаͱ嶼Ѿʺܶˣǰιʦȴɹļڰһ档
Ǻǣʱ˵ɣ
ιʦȻһЦΪֻҪȡ˴ɹɵǰѽа˵в˵͸ء


1511 ֣һ
а˺˴峤ɫ޺ޣվʯһﲻ󷽣һĽŲӣ˵ĿһĳͰιʦڵλö
ܼžţ
Ŀбã˷һƵͷʶĸԺޱصһأΣأιʦڱ䱻ιʦҪЮ취Ըιʦ٣в
ʯŷΧխʦ˴峤޷ιʦʵ̫ǿóȻ֣һʧܣǰңûаιʦĴڣһؿԼҲ޷⡣ͰιʦͬõɹԼɡ
ˣ
˼ʱͻȻ֮һ׹Ӷߴ֮ĵطιʦɫӿ֮УѪɫ·СɽĴӰιʦڴҷֳ򣬳ɶ֮ƣڰιʦΧ
ʱ䣬ιʦϢ磬ȫɢϢʱͬ㣬ڽڲߣգۼʹﵽһ˵ĵزιʦֻǰ벽΢Ǹֻһ˿ĵز
ǽѪֱӾͿżҪǿ󡢿¡
һɲǣ˲ɫǵͷҲʱĸɸɾ
ڵԼλͻδʦĶ֡
Ǻǣɣ
ͻȻιʦĿһˣһƵᡣ
ͷתֻһɲǣ¶һ˿ЦݡԹ˵ˣֻԼȻ򲻹Զ취ɹǵ
ڰιʦȻˣպȥ취Ը
ˣ
Ŀһתܿ˶档
һĶǴɹϵͬԴҲ֪ϵϢûã
˵һǧһ򣬵󣬻ֻʵشս֪һصġ󡱵ʲôáˣһ̣û˿ԥĿ£ͻȻ𣬴һ磬һ㣬Բ˶档
䣡
ʯ䣬һֻص̤˴ִϣɲǼ䣬𵴣ôһ򵥵Ķ˵ע⣬ιʦüһҲ¶˼עɫ
֪ûЧ
ιʦа
ڵʦꪳɳ޵Ķιʦ˿Ĵ⡣
һˣһ̤֮ؿ˱仯
ϣһԽĽȻڶƳյļž
һ̣һ仯˳ǧԭſտյ֮У緺㣬ͻȻǧĽ֮֮ǰιʦʱֵĳٴθ֡
ȥ֪ٳϽн飬Ⱥ׼ʯĩ˵ˡ
ֻͰιʦͬЩȴûзζԶζǿҵöࡣ
ιʦ˵ûһʶѾеĽڣ϶ΪһֱܹϢӦ棡
йâһʲô
ЩͷԺзӶһµĶ
䣬ˣһڵ㣬Ծ˵ٶȣĶ汬ȥ
ڳŶͬʱһƵ԰ټƵĽɫ̣˵ΪһɫıݣŰΧ
֣ԥڵ㣬һȼյ̫㣬㾡ȫŶȥ
һɲǣ廹Ǻ󷽵İιʦж¶ǰδеĹעɫҲᳬ߰˰ף˵ʵֻ룬ӦþͿԵִ档
ǳǰܣڴһ١
䣡һ̤̤ڴִϣ𵴡
ôһ˽ڣ֮Уɽıŭ
һʯǧˣ֮иֵġɽ籩ֻһһ̣Ƶʮ֮ǰġɽ˸ҫ۵Ľ⣬ϵȥ
ġɽ˷۶
ʯ䣬˵ĿУǧĳϽнɢŽɫĹԣ˲Ϣһǰδеǿ籩תţϵ
һμ˿ͬʱôɽÿһɽɽһ㣬¡
䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬ֻһգۼ䣬α㱻޾ġɽûС

ͽķҰ˺ܴӰ죬еǿľƣҲʹľ޷̽⡣
վʯŵĩˣµִǰδеķ𵴡
ǻǲڶֻһ˲䣬˾뵽˼Σյľء
һԨͬӴޱȣҲһ޷ڿն
խխͣ𵴣ʱпܰȥһԨԱɡ
˼飡
ʱһϤӶߴιʦ޵ĳ趯֪ʲôʱ򣬴Ӻ岢
ûߵ壬עȫǰĽȫľ
ЩڣֻвȱĻǣܵ񽣵Ӱ졣仰˵ⳡսùֻҪսʤһͿԵִ԰ҪǣǴһˣܵĹԶҪСöࡣ
ιʦĿѩ˷ޱȡ
ЮֻһԣҲΪ˺˹ɺ֮ĽףҲκεʧڿȷġ
ǰľ룬Ѿ͵һʦʦ
ιʦŸոտһ˿һŨз飬ոѿȻ޴档
ˣǰͬʱÿԻһйĽɫ̱ݣΧʱеġɽҲӦķ˱仯ˡ
˵ĿУɾ㼯ǿӴԪӿ׷ӿ뵽˰гǧġɽ֮С
һֻ̣âһһ˶ȥġɽͻȻ֮⻪㡣
һɵĹ⻪Žϣ೤Ҳͣ£һִޱȵĸо

һĻжȻһ΢΢ɫϾһŲֽϵĶϤ
еġɽͶţëÿһ³ֱ
ƺӦвõԤУһ
ֻ˲Ϣ䣬ãã纣ĳϽͲн׷׽£һִݿ֮ƣϵȥ֮ǰȫͬն
䣬ɽը£ֻһըǰٶһ졣
ֹˣĽǰδеΣûа취ǰڽںˣˤȥ
ˣˣ
󷽵ʯϣйâһµĶ


1512 ֣
˵֮ǰǱιʦôĻôעѾȫеǵˡ
ΣҪõɹͱÿ˷һǵ
ˣ
һ̣˵ĿУվжΣʯԶһ죬âɵʮ죬£Ϊһ޴Ľɫꪡ
ֻһĽɫӿŽɫꪵ˲ͽǰļʮɷ顣
ͷһʮɽûͱԵޱȵĴɷ顣
ȻһвŸոտʼʮ컯ɵĳ֣ƴ𣬶ʱΪΧƵġɽ˽
䣡
һƬһƬĴȥΪһͷͷλ࣬һȭȭķʽеġɽϵײһ
ɾĵһʾԼǿޱȵս
ӴġɽĹּ䲻ĻȻйصķеĳϽнϵرݻ٣Ƭʹִϵز׹䵽·Ԩ
˼飡ѵˣ˵һֱҴˣ
һ԰ιʦչ˳һʱ֮䲻ˡ
һҲ΢΢üͷȻǰ屾ܵľô򵥡
һʵȶҪǿеĻذعȫһִ죬һʵһزô򵥡
ԺиոͷԶ𡪡
һһεͻҲϵĹеġɽľٶƺŭһ
䣡ֻһɽѰľ죬һ̣Ϸ֮з·˺һ޴ѿڣһɿֲ֮ӿ
ĽɫŵǧķɽС̶ֻ֮ڣЩɽ˵ĸоȻһ£ȻԭĻϱøӵǿҲԽΣպ
΢
վں󷽵ʯϣԹ̡ۣܼһǣӰоһϤϢ΢
֮֮ǰعеĶҪµöࡣѶӲôһһӴľˡ
µǣѰ΢ֻﵽһߵľ磬һ̬ȫı΢Ķ壬ųǧ΢ķɽκȴս
ˣ
ͬһʱоɱ仯Ļнߵİιʦʵ֮ڵҪǿĶ࣬ҲҪöࡣ
廹ֻǸоӿ΢ڰιʦĸ֪УʱһǣͻȻһ޴ĴšԶ֮߶Ҫǿĸߵȼͬһ˰㲻ϵسˢеĴ޽ա
ʦ׷ʮʮҹһֱ׷ɥڴˣֻв͸ٽǵһϣȻܹһؾ磡
ιʦɫҲ޷֮ǰô½΢΢֮ǰȫͬ
ʱ˿ǰսѾҵʱһѾȫɱġ
ˣ
һδƽһ𣬾һʱͨеġɽ΢ͬʱԳңŨŨУĽ飬ͻȻ·
ֻǿһۣԱߵİιʦʱ׷ױɫ
飬۰⣬ȻĳƬ
ЩƬȫ֮ǰһսġɽ
ûЩɽƬڣԽΣˡ
ϣ
˵ʱʱ죬ʯ䣬ûͰιʦӦããУ㣬ġɽۼһ
һֻ̣һʮɳľ޽ֺƵһ㣬жһ˲֮ݺݻϵˡ
ӴǰҲԵСޱȡ
ã
ʯ䣬ʱһּ䲻ĸо
룬ģҲǿܾȫǰһԾӣߴӰ·һУ˲ʧããС
սһйƽܵ£УƵĳϽͲнʧȥĿ꣬عâɢȥķɢ֮ܵС
һݷʧ
ζ󷽵ʯϣһƬž
ͰιʦĬžþò
һ׵ˣʼգǰһ룬ҲǰԾֻվʧˡ
ϧˣôǿһ֣ôǿսװʧˣ
һӶߴιʦܿع΢΢һЦһԵ塣
ιʦĻ˵һ룬Ȼֹԣ岻֪ʲôʱרעһָʯϲϻЩַźͺۼιʦס
ǡ
ιʦüͷһ壬տڲվĬĬۿ
ʱ˿̣רעѾȫԵİιʦ
˫΢գԺϵĻһ֮ǰǳս
ս棬ǰϸڣȫϸŵĸԺ
ȻɱǶ˵ûκջٶ˵Ѿԭ֪Ϣ
ҪǣʱͬͨĽǶȡӭսһо͸ܡָܿ¾ιʦС
ǿȡһԸֻȫΪ޴˵ݣһˣһ»Ĳ㡣κһ˿ԶԿ˵ġ
˫ۣ΢΢ͷԺвϵؼš
ҪȡôɹֻȡСؼģҵһĹɡ
һǿٴϻۣϾѾҽǧʱ䣬ʶȻҲżǹؼڡ
һĹйɵģ
٣ʱʱͨ۾õջҲջ
ʲôأ
д˷
Ѿǰ벽΢µһĴɹսѾ൱ڵ΢ײҪǿһЩˡ
ʵҵвһɵĹ˵Լˡ
ҵһĹɣóóȻ̤ɡ
ռžһɹʯӿ͸⡣ιʦֶɫҲż
ڵʱٻЩ˼ɡû͸Ĺ֮ˡ
ż롣˽֮ǰ㻹㹻ʱ䡭
ιʦ΢΢Ц͸һŵζƿݣʵͨ뺡
ʱ˿̣岻⣬Ҳ˲ˡ
ʲôʲôأ
ͷ޵ĳ趯ʶȴѾȫ뵽һ硣


1513 ޽
սһķʽԺлطţ飬еĳϲСнһ΢ȫԺһȫ޷ķʽ֡š
˵УιʦУֻһĻĻԺУЩȴѾݱݡ
һ棬嵱ӴľƴЩƣǺʱȣȴָһøӵǿˡ
ʱգȥʱ䲻ˡ
ڵʵʵ̫ˣ
ڤڤУһսĳ
ޣޣǿĽ󣬸޾ԽԽǿ󰡡
ипһ̣ĿӹǰƬŨסĽڣһ𣬶ʲô
ԣ޽󣬴ɹ
ڤڤУƺ뵽ʲô˫ͻȻѩٴεͷָһƽɫʯٴο̻ʯԵĵƻֻο̻Ҫ֮ǰĶࡣ
ָһһƺ޹ɵı󣬾ȻģʯϻԽԽ࣬󽥽
ǾȻһĴͼͺؿϵı־һֻĳЩطϸ΢Ĳѡ
ˣ
һָʯһĻۣĿͨ͸ͻȻ¶һ˿Цݡ̧ͷǰʯŶ԰ɣ涫Ƕ˵ȴѾһЩһĶ
һĴ޽йɣ
ޣ
󲻹Ǳʽȫͬǰκһ־ѧں⽣ȴ֮ǰĴھͱ϶Ǵ޶֡
һϵΪȻѾԽ֮ǰд޴ˣȻӴɹʹȻͬĶ辶˴޽󣬵ߵıԴȴһģһ
˸һ£жʱˣǴӴ޽пһЩ˿ҪڶʱѧãȻ޿ܡ
Ȼ岻ͬΪ֪ɹķ
ֻеһأǶ˵Ѿüˡ˵սʱ򣬶ڵĴҲָơ
ǲ
ֻƬ̣üͷٴüӹһĨӰ
Ǹһ¥嶼ѡƴһʵ𣬶һ֮ĹѾ̽޽İأóȻȥȻ·һ
̧ͷĿٴɨǰŨеͶ԰ѾŨڸǵһԼǱ񽣡
̫󣬼߳ϣҪܹȥ
üͷ
ĿǰϢԶԶԺڼתţͼҵలȫͨ޽İ취
ǵӦô
üͷԽԽĿǰΪֹƾǺһһĴǾʵǿϵȥܹױ⡣
ʱδȥ˫գһ˼֮С

кãüͷԽԽʱһ󺮷紵ԨеƮƮٴηҲʱͻȻһ󻩻졣
𵴵
ˣ
ڤڤһ⻮ԺǰһͻȻ뵽ʲôһ˫üͷҲչ
ٴι۲ǰŨŨԨ۾˼ãڻվ
׼𣿡
ڴʱιʦӶдںһֱ۲壬ϸ΢Ķһ˿һȫӲ۾
׼׼ʲôϵٴҲ˿仯ˡҶƬ̣ͻŹ𣿡
ͷҲأ
ιʦԣֻǵȻһЦʲôû˵
ûιʦһŲǰһСȻ˵ĵȻ΢΢壬й¶ʵ״̬
طأÿһпٲڽжԼû̫İաͷһͷҲһѾûѡˡ
ˣ
һ̣ڰιʦĿУͻȻһ̤û˿ԥô̤ǰǸִϡ
ͻȻľٶðιʦһ
ڵддǿǰ˼ʱƺ¶һ˿΢ЦιʦΪҵʲô취ιʦôû뵽İ취ôġ򵥴ֱ
Ѱ·Ҳࡣ
㣡
ιʦ΢ʶҪס塣ô߹ȥǰιʦ´ϰϢѰ
ȻʱƺѾѰιʦ֮Ժ󣬸κλûȰιʦӦ廹ʯϵһֻҲ̤˳ȥ䵽һϡ
ˣ
һĻιʦʱһֻҪ뿪ʯŵķΧͻἤһĹ΢ʵֻһֲͻᱻնɱ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬һֻ̤ȥɲǣ֮жʱɲХ̶ֻʱڣң򽣵ĳϽнб֮ƳӭϮƺ֮ǰԸʱһģһ
ݣ
˸ۿҪ򽣴壬ɵȻʱ벻鷢ˡ
ڶ̶һ˲䣬ڽһðһɺһģһĴͻȻŷѸٱ鲼ͬһʱ䣬£ɢϢҲѸٸı䣬ǿޣڰιʦ𾪵ĿУ¶۴ϸΪһ塣
һǣȻԼӴޱȵľԼ任һ

ǰιʦѾ˸׼Ѿ屻򽣴³ȻǰһĻҲԶԶԤϡ
һΣιʦʼϲ͸ŨŨ𾪡𶯵Ļں棬һϵеı仯ɲǼ䣬飬ġɽҲ·ʧȥĿһ㣬ʱȻֹ
оųϵķɽͻȻ˰֮УʣµķɽƺȻоĴڣٶȴȻ½ʮֹ
ôһССĸı䣬ٵΣһ˼ĵز
ķɽèһ㣬һݣǰϵһطݶȥ
ɽоյıܹһ
ôܣ
󣬰ιʦͿˣһǧ屻䴩ĳΨûϵȻǰһĻȫĿƣһιʦ޷ȵķ
һֲ˹ܱ߸ʳѰ
ʯϴĵιʦϢѾΪһ壬̲סг̾һпѡ
һľѾƬķɽΪһ壬κ̤ƬյˣᴥһľĹιʦú֮Ȼһʶ
һϵͬԴҲͬĴɹȻһԨ
ǰ֮ϸûκΰ취һʶȻιʦ˼ǧΩ©


1514 ɽѹ
һ޽󹥻нƬߣΨûй
Щϰ߲ĽֻۣʱܵĲˡ
ιʦû뵽ȻϣȷȷʵʵǰƤµ
ΪˣιʦҲòϣȷʵһ׿Խģ˾̾
Ҫþģ˵Ϣʯͷȷ壬ֻǾǿ͹ˣһ㣬ȫΪľʵʻѾ
£Ͱιʦ֪˿
ܰιʦô룬ǰѾͬһͷ̡һ㣬ڶ۴ϸǰˡĻϣɹԼϢαװһ˴޽ĵһֹܹһķâСҴ⡣
մ޽ص㣬һ·ϣķ򣬹ʮä㡯ЩǴ޽󹥻ĵطֻҪʮäǰܵĹͻή͡вҲ̫Ծʽǰͻܵ󲿷ֵΣաää֮ǰԾʱȻܵɽĹΣյʱ򡣡
ĿŷԺд˷
ոһɲǣˮУƽأͬѰ磬е˵һԶˡеķɽӰԶûɢȥµҲڲϵء
帽ϣоͬŭһҶʱܱƷıۣвǷǡֻɵʵӦΧһСҪǣ֪̫á
һдʶҪĶֻ࣬ɻ޷ԼʱĹȥʶѵԽԽֱֱӴֳԼԼɱ
ֻһʱ䣬һʶֱҵαװڴ֮ǰұ취Ĺȥ
а

һɽþòɽȻλ壬ȴƺоĴλã帽ϵšʶƵĽ
һϾѾǧ꣬ʶǲȱġαװû뵽ġڹȥǧʱҲûκô
ಣ
˿ԥһݣԳһ㣬һ˸ɵľ룬ݵϵĵä㡣ϣݳͬʱһĽײķɽԺ֮ײϣײĻ𻨡
ǰڵļ㷢ӳЧķɽͬưϷһĻ𺳡ķɽȴ֮١֮ǰٵĹȫͬն
󷽣ιʦһĻ˵ˡ
һ룬룬롭ϣķɽ׹һһͬһͷèϷǰšǰͻͽģ󷽵İιʦһ˫üͷͺʲôѲ޷һ
֡
ιʦʶ̧ͷ˶档ǰӿŨܲɢﵽ˾˵ĵزʲôҲǰιʦĿȴƺڴʲô
֮ǰҲǳԹģһأô򵥣ֻҪԸһͿˣǿжһٿ£ƴˣҲ뾡취ִ԰
Ȼʵˣ
ǰֹʦģֻЩɽǰֹڴ˵ģɵصģֹͬһ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôԮӣƺȫûܵǸ
ˣ
кɵʱ䣬ͻȻ֮䣬ŨĲһ£ڤڤ֮УһâһιʦϤϢ
ʼˣ
ιʦһĿͶעǰϡɫأ֮κʱҪרעöࡣ
Σաڲſʼ

𵴣ҡΣȣȴһ˿ϸ΢𡣶ͬʱ߶Ƚţȫע۲Χһе壬Ҳʼоһ˿ͬı仯
ˣ
ûκεףͻȻһƿ׼塣һͺһǧضѹϣͻñɫ
ô£
Ȼֹ̧ͷաʶģΪһʹ޽ġһ̣о˲ԡϢһԼЩɽϢȫͬ
αװǹϢȫá
ֹˣһлֻǿʼѾͣǹϢȴԶûֹֻͣһ˲䣬ǹԾ˵ٶȣʼαʼֻǾ˫һѹһǧ󶦣ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ǧ󶦡ͳˡȻһصġɽ塱һԿµٶӣԽĳأ
Щȫȫÿһϸѹס

ֻһ죬ԭ𵴵ͱֱ͵һڰһ޴ġVͣڵѹȫעϣȫ죬һ˫ֱ
ǹڳʼαֻһգۣ׶ͳ˺ɫ
ϣû巴Ӧͷͻʩѹʹԭȱľαװһ˿ϿԭͷӬʧȥĿĳǧĳϽͲнᵽѪζ㣬תХ

ԶԶģһ󾪺а˺˴峤ԶԶʯĩˣӰ֣ǰ
˺󣡡
ʱ򣬰ιʦǰݹǣ
˭Ҳ֣ǸҲ֣Ҳõȵǰæھ
ιʦĿᣬﻹ֮ǰİƮݷȡ
һ˵ϵشҪϼȡľ顣У˭Ҳ֡
󣬽ŲȻֹǰĴҲһɲǴﵽ˼Σյĵز
ɽ
հιʦԼһѼϣǱһǰ񽣣ɾǰڶе֮ߣֵľĳ̶ֳҪɹ
˴ɹǰιʦضıֻҪõͿԴصһΪ֮Ҵ
Щǲġ
ɽ޴пܰ˴ɾһҪ飬ѷɫĴѪֻҪȡȴסκοͼõɽˣؽܼµѹ
ľαװ֮ȻܹŪѾʶôѵһȴԸ˺ɵġɽ
ʱˣ
ιʦǰֱа
ڵ壬ͺһǧֵϡϢѾй¶յġɽǧӿ
Ǳɡ


1515 һһ
ιʦ΢΢һת׼ֵǰסһʧܣͱԼˣǲô˹ɺ֮ĽѾˡ
Щϧ
ιʦǰа
ιʦĻûдڵĴѾﵽ˼Σյزǰ˸ĳϽнХ¡
䣬ʯ䣬ܽȫһԾһֻ̣һײӶߴ̶ޱȡ
ǧġɽϣĻ𻨡
ǧ꺮죬ұ沼˹Ϸֱӱ飬ԼȱڣЩط磬Ŀġ
ǰȻӹһ٣ȫ亹乡
ԭʱԽϡ١
ԥæֲ°Լαװ¾޴
ȻȻӹһ٣Σӿ
廹ڲϵıأǹεѹôƬ̵ʱѾӵԭһлԶûֹͣļ
ֹˣľҲһ־˵ķʽġ
ÿһ̣һߵȼľս
ŨŨУһɽͣزţţ̻ȥȻڴʧȥϢǶһ˵ѾĴ·ΧֻҪٶһϢֱܹӽλһնɱ
Ȼʱ˿Ѿ˲Щˣ˵һΣ١
ˣ
𶯣ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬оһӴѹǵأɽһ־˵ٶԼϡ
ѾʵʻһǣҲɲһСĸо
ͺһ޸֮ͨˣЩͶ֮䣬ɽӵоͨľǿߡ
ôܣ
˲Ϣ䣬嶸ıɫҲʱǰתֻһɲǣǰأƿһۡǱڼ̳ϵ񽣡
֮ǰķɽͬ񽣣ϡׯءʥΰͬһɽһ㡣
ǰѽ
΢΢׹
ˣ
忴ǱͬʱâһǱȻһ䣬Ȼ֮ƥ󣬺䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬ǱɽͰľ޽Ȼɽѵذ㣬
ۣ壬һɲǣһ͵һѪ
ľѾʵʻ䣬ƥСֻһشֻ˲Ϣ䣬ɫʱòҰףʪͬˮ̳㡣
ֹˣսⱩ䣬ķɽͬһ¡彫һݣһݿޱȣȫû֮ǰ
ϣɽѾ㾡ȫȻɽȣۣѪɽ
ô
͵̧ͷ𾪡
һֹȥ֮һľնȥһĹֻһĴѩϼ˪뵽һּΣյĵز
һ
棬ӿʲôҲֻһɹɵĺܸоιʦ˵Ǳ񽣾ʹĩ˵ļ̳ϡ
ʼգǱ񽣶ûжһ£һĸоȴͷķɽҪ¡
ɽֱɱ壬һȴֱָ꣬˳׵Ļҷ
һɲǣͻȻװιʦΪʲôɵǱ񽣣ҲΪʲôǰĴͻʹʦʦޡޣ˻壬Ҳ˵Ĺȴˡ
ʶϵĹǲܶġ
ˣ
Ժиոͷһ̣ǰһ˵ͱٶȾ뵽Ƭʶ֮С
ػ谵ʲôҲֻܿӿǱ޴޷ٴδǰƺʱᳯԼٴ
һʱɫ
Ҳʱ򣬿ռãΧӿϯĪ⣬Ȼбó֣
ϣ
⼸֣һɻ漴·뵽ʲô¶˼ɫ
ûõģ
Զʯ棬ιʦ۴䣬졣ı仯Ҳ֪˼ԲߡȻιʦֻҡҡͷϵ翴һ˰㣺
ɽһһһʼͲսᡣһʼ˳ʦľ֮ҵֵοˡҲǴƲţϧˣһҪ
һعȻԶȹ
ιʦ΢΢̾Ϣһ
ϧ壬ΪҪǿϧԼѾûа취λϵõϢˡڵ״ɡ
ԶĴѾΣޱȡ
ιʦжûʶУǱ񽣹âɣٴǼٴγֵļ
䣡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ֻ˲Ϣ䣬һѵأֱն¡
һؾ㾲֮֮ǰӵӴ
¡¡ѣһ޿ɱܣһɲǼ䣬һɼȵΣոСʯ䣬룬ֻüȫľ̮ѹ㣬ͼһ
Ȼâȥ壬һֱÿһ缡ÿһϸ壬ӭһ׼ʱˣ棬Ѹٲ
;һûз

һɲǼ䣬˶סˡ
ô£
һűȸոջҪ£ɱȴոһʮ֮һľӹ壬жϲûдڵ;ֳһ̶ȵ½½̶ȴ΢΢ȫڳܵķΧ֮ڡ
һʱԺˣͬ񽣵նǰһһֲһصĸоһĸоȴ棬ȫʹ
ͬĹȴ˽ȻͬЧ
ˣ
оɲʱʶУӿٴν뵽Ǹ֮УǱ񽣡
̰
仯ֳ˶
ڴִϣģһһɲͷԺзӶ
ϡ̰

ֻҪˣ㲻סģԵһܵˡ̰̰Ȼ̰ģҪõĶ̫ˡ
һ֮ȸ־˰ǧƽʱȷʵǸ˵ġΪ˵õ棬˾ǩЭ顣
ͬʱǲ̰ġ
ƾȸ־ӴƸһ֮ȫɢȥû˿ʹϧеһУֻΪ˴ӮǳսϽ޹ա
ϣܹҵȡĹøĳɾ֮͡ȥƵһ·չٺĺɺȡĳɾͣе㣬ϣԴ򵽰͸
ǳ׵ͳʳ۹
Ȼ
һֲΪԼĺɺԺԥĽ͢ƽеıȨҲȫ͢ǱȥԼĹҲӲں
ںĽδ
ģʵһеֶζѣ
ˣȴֲ̰


1516 ɱ¾֮
ʯ䣬ЩͷԺзӶüͷ壬ĳ˼֮УһɲǼ䣬оԼƺץס񽣵Ĺɺ
㣬ʱ
룬è㣬ֿ죬ǰݶȥϣķɽϲĻ𻨣һ־յķʽȥ
̫ˣ񽣵ĹܹӰһĴ޽󣡡
ڷݵʱ֣Լɹ񽣹ʱ򣬲֪ʲôԭгǧɽĹǿҲࡣһĹʹԼʵ½ҪԮһȫ´ࡣ
⡭ôܣ
󷽵ϣιʦѾ׼һ̤ͻȻ䷢һĻһ˶ˡ
ǰһѾȫ֪ڵʵһ侳߶Ȳڰιʦǿǰ΢ǵʦûݲɡ
ܣܣ
ιʦ۾֪һУȫ޷ǰ
ˣ
ʶģιʦһ̤ʯǰľ޴
ѵʦļ䶼Ǽٵģ˵һطʲô֪ı仯
ιʦоɲŽɣôһоԼһطðգȵҲͬһ
ˣ
ιʦҽ̤һȻڽӴɲǣ̻ȥķɽͬȳһ㳯ʯϵİιʦǹƻֺ׳֮ǰ̤ʱҪ¡
ιʦɫ䣬ո̤ҽţ˻ɫޱȡ
Сӵôģ
ιʦ壬һĲмʡ
Ҳ󷽵İιʦͻͽʱ򣬺䣬ɽһ춯أն
һǰ֮
ֱָЩ԰֮ˣȻȻ󣬼Ժգȴְ֮ˡ
Ҳɹ
ʮɣʮɣʮɡԾ˵ٶȣŴĻᣬͻͽĽа彣ʣȫ
ǸͷԽԽҲԽԽȷ
벻Ȼ֮ն֮Ҳ֮Ԫȴֱָ
ʦͻʵţҲǵʱ亱еľǿߡһص͹ȥڴƱ߾µһĴɹԼķʦмʣͷ˼֮ټǿȡᣬɹܣַ̰֮ʦҲ˷ǳ
ڰιʦʦĴѪ̳еļ䣬Ҳ̳ͬе̰գĳЩ棬ЩʦҪǿ԰ιʦ˵ôȻǲ룬ǲң
ЩͷԺзӶжʱͨ͸
ˣ
ƺƣӿڵ彣֮󣬵ܿ
¡ݣУض·ѿˡǰ漸Ȼͬδһܵĺɫ񽣣ȼա
ɻ棬ɫ䣬Ȼֹ
һУоһϤ
ŭ
һֱָķŭ
⣡
һʱʧȥԭе򶨡
ʣ̰ҲаΨŭ𡭡ǰǽ嶼޷ơķŭԶһǿҵöࡣûɷŭҲվӵһĻᡣ
鷳ˡ
¡¡
һ̣Ϊܹȹ٣ԵǱߵʱ͵һƤ緢Ѫ˵ľ񶼴
𶯣һΣ䡣
Ȼ˫ֽգɹһ٣˵ȴͣ𶯡οΣʱ׹ȥΣա
ô׷ʲô
󷽵ʯϣιʦɫһΪֹǿпܶɹǸˡ޷ȫɹ˸
Ȼʱ˿̣ٵΣԶҪµöࡣڵ֮󣬴ĵ߽Ҳ
ֻǿĻôĵ߽ȫѪҺᣬԨ
ɱ¾֮
߽ûгУѾ֪һ֡
صľɱ¾Բħаһ˵
߽ǿһҲһһʱҲ֮ǰκһҪ
Ϊ󽫾ϱӻͳ±ĴԪ˧һսɱ¾
֮սͼʮگ˹˹֮սͺɺ֮սɱĴʳʿа֮ڡʮ˲ͣɱ¾˳һʮĴɱ¾֮أûܹˡ
˵ǰʦΪʶɱôڵ壬ͼпɱ¾
ˣ
߽û£ȴڲ֮ԶԶ֮ǰ֮ͣһлԶûֹͣļ󡣸ǣһѾ壬£ƶǳѡ
УƺѾӦᷢʲôһ޽ĳǧɽнϽȫƻۣϿգ֮κһζҪöࡣ
ѹʱԼα

󷽣ʯĩˣŨ˴峤аʱ˿̣ʲôˣֻҪ̤ͻܵĹ޲塣
Ԫ˳϶һƣ޽ķΧ˸޷֡
һǼ䣬μΣ
ѪƮ֣ʬ򡱣Ľ˧Ϊ˧ɱһ£
ˣ
ۿһâ㣬ųĹâֱָ걾Դһǰÿһϸÿһ꣬ѹһ̣һһض
ڵһ̣
ԣ
ʱ˿̣ɫ԰ףԿµٶġѹǰŷȫǱǱܵģоһ˿ԡ
ɾ˱֣֮βնκ˶ȥҽ࣬ˣ񽣵ԣֻ´²ֻ˿ԴУ˿ԿɾʸʹɽǴɾı⣡
ڤڤ֮Уһ⻮Ժͷ亹乣ԺеתٶȴκʱҪöࡣһɲǣʱ䶼·Ż
˱ϡ̰ʡŭɱ¾Щ˵㡣û˿Щ߶һ
ԽֽҪĹͷзԽȶ
Ǳߣɱ¾֮һɱ¾Ľþɱ¾ˣⱾ⣬һʲôû뵽ġ˵ͲһþĽ


1517 ν
һͷӹԺ¡¡ͬһҵ׵绮һɲǣǸ飬֪Լѽһ㣬ȴΪƫ
ĺּ⣬˵ڵ壬ǲþ񡣵ǵĻʲôأ
ʱգʱ䲻ˣʱ˿̣ǻԨԵˣŬһߵ
ϣĸաԹޣϣķ棬ǡҲˣûֱһƵıԴ
ڤڤУͷӹԺһ𣬶Ȼ֮·ʲôоԼ·ץһϵУĳĵĶ
ɱ¾һôɱ¾ķ棬ǲɱɱҲǡʡˣ
ˣ
һ£һ͵۾һɲǣʲô
壡
ɾʲôаҲʲôˡ֮ҲǳͶ񣬶ƣ
д˷뵽ĿѩһƬͨ͸
ķ棬񣡡
ʵķ棬ǣֻǻۣܿƼʣ
ŭķ棬ǹǫ
аķ棬壡Ψμǵ壬ܱа

ҪľʲôԱƱҲǡͶ񡱣ơĺĲɱ¾ǡǫá
һͷӹԺԺ˫Ŀ֮һ㡣
ͻȻʲôˣ
һͶ֮һġ֮
֮ǰκεа϶û֮أ
ʦдֻһӴϡιʦҲûʲôҶ֣Ҳһֻ·һ
࣬ˣÿ˶㣬ȱ㣡ҪǣܵԼеֱҪģ
ɾΪ˰ڰյĵصףĿҪͨѽѡЩӵֱˡŻն
ѽѡˡ
¡
ƵУʶĿռʶӿ췭ظı仯¡ֻһ춯صľ죬Ƿ·ɽͰֲصѹͻȻ֮ƽ⡣
̧ͷһοǽɫĽּߣϵ£һһûǡǫáʮ֡
ʮֱ֣ģ
ˣ
ʶУ͵վĿڣѩĿһǣͻȻ֪Լôˡû˿ԥ峹׷ſԼģеıͷų
ѣûʣ٣תΪģֻΪɽգܹٲԸݣתزգ
ĴΪѣ
Ը˽أ

ı۾ſԼǰ֣ɽӵıѣһķգյʬѪԴԺӿ񽣡
ϣɽأ
飬Լһ֮

ˣ
һ̣˵ĿУԭѾȥǧɫɽͻȻ֮Сǵˣϣһֱ䴹ڿ𵴵·ܵһͻȻ֮͵رֱñֱޱȡ
ֹˣûп级˵£һɹɽðŨܵԶֿǱһֱĩ˵ĴɽͻȻ֮ԶУɢһɺƵֺϢ
һĻιʦɫ䣬ͻȻ֮вһַǳĸо
ಣ
ιʦھɵʱϣѾһϢΣ״ͻȻ֮䡰һ˶ȥ䣬ĩ˷˶ȥ
壬ͣ£
ιʦһȣ쳹ء
ɾµһؿΣأιʦҲԽԲȻ˵ϣõǱ񽣣ιʦѹš
Ȼʱ˿̣Զȴȫûһèһ㣬ǰȥĩѾǺԶˡ
ͣ£
ʯĩˣιʦٴθе͸һɽͱŭȻʱ˿̣Ѿȫ˲ˡ
ٴһˣ
ͷ۾ǰĿѩޱȡ
ιʦǾԲܷŹģһ㣬һʼѾס
ΪɺʩɺĽףԼͻʵġ󺦡Ƕǰ񽣣ιʦܷŹԼ
ǰ壬һ߻ᣬӰιʦĻͻεıˮһ޾Ԩûκһϣ
Ҫǡ
ڸոһɲǣϿɵʱͻȻ˵죬ͺǱ񽣲ĳϵ
ֹˣľԭѾļ࣬ǾڸոһɲǣͻȻо˷һԭڴ޽ͻȻ˷ӿ뵽Լڡ
ԭɺԵĵȻͬúذ㣬Ծ˵ٶѸٻָ֮ͬǰĵľҲŲ˼Ļָ
𶯵ģǱ񽣶ڰιʦѹơ
ιʦӿڵĺɫڰ䣬ҳһͻʲԭһҰԺײУָǡǡ֮ƵġоԼÿһ֣ڰιʦǯԼĺɫͱѹԽ
һɲǣףҪѰιʦĩ˵ǱԼΨһģҲĻᣡ
һ
̧ͷ档УеķɽԼ÷ɽϿɵʱ򣬶Ѿͣȫӵ塣ڴһʷϣ޽Сʱ˿̣ڿ˽ߵ񽣡
ಣ
һݣӹգһһ㣬ϣԾǰŨڸеļ̳̳ǰһߴ䣬һ㴣Ȼһҫģȴǲǰǰѡ񽣡
âһ˫һץס˴񽣵Ľ
󷽣ιʦҲһ˲ѿޱȡ˵ιʦеңԼοԼ崦Ӵѹ£пûԼĻô̤ϼ̳˫סɲǣһҲѾʧˡ
ʣ屳Լ
һѾȫԼơ
޴Ѱ·
ʯ䣬ιʦͫһȻͬᶬһ㣬ޱȡϻ˫ıԹΣΪǵͿ԰Լ֪
꣡
һ̣ιʦָһ֣һĴ죬ǹǽԨ֮Уޱȡ
ָؽͬʱιʦû˿ԥסɽɲǣ˶ͻ̫ʥɽһĶ֮١
䣡
һɲǣڵĺɫͬȼյҰ˲ڶȼ
ҿ
ͬһʱ䣬ڸܵںڰһͬʱ˫סɽĽȫƴȫͼڵص׳ǧأصɽ񽣲


1518 н
¡¡
δ񽣵ɲǣص¡¡زһȺʵǿͷϷ޾ĸߴ񷶥춯ƬƬʯ飬мнƬϷ׹飬һʯһϣҵĻζ
һɲǣص綼·Ҫһ
ô£ʲôˣ
Ƭͻҳͷ䣬֮УһطһɫŵǿߣȻ̧ͷһԼǾ𶯴ķ¶𾪵ɫ
ôô𶯣׷ʲô
ͬʱһ¶Уаǿ̧ͬͷɫɲɲ̫ǿˣ˵ĸоͺص׶ڱҪһڵصһ㡣κߵսܹ
ɹһǴɹһҵǱµһ湦ˣߣ
޶֮УطһǿƺʲôĿѩûͬ鷴ӦһΣ𶯴ķ򣬵ȥٶޱȡ
ˣ
ͬʱع֮УضҡĻҳϷ£¡һһִĵعӣֱӵڵϣ̳һɲǼ䣬һȫͣ˽Ų

һǰԪһ
Ԫһû˵ͷ̧ͷԴķλ̩ɽɫ뢣һ΢΢üͷ
Ѿ˵ִˣ
һϤӶߴлͥƮչӺԪһͬһ
ع֮Уɾĵػһ·ȥأ֪ʲô˾Ȼٶ֮죡
лͥ˫üɫأһжƣ˽㳲Ȼûҵɹ˵һδش죡
ϣǸˣ
ԪһͻȻڵ򵥵һ仰˭ûһԵлͥȴıɫûȵڣԪһһΣѾʧǰ
ߣ۸ʲôۣһҪǿͻƣ
ɹһҵɹˣߣ
¡¡𶯣һ˻쳹£Ԫһ˵˽źĳȥʱ滯ĺɫһ޴ĹħԼ˵ĵӣȿֺĳ𶯵ķȥ
ع֮УΣأѾ˴ˡǴʱ˿̣Ѿ˲ôˡò̫޼Ԫɹһ˾͵ڰˡôҲ൱ڰˡ
ҪǣΪаպյ뢣Ƥӵ飬̡
¡¡ݶƿУһѸٵʧͨ˵ķٸȥ
һǣ£޸ԶֻҪܵ𶯵ˣ糱ˮһ㣬ܲˣ׷׳ڵķȥ
Щȫ֪Ҳ֪νʱѾݼ˷񣬰µȫ˹
ҿ
ʱ˿̣Ѿȫ۽ǰĳʱ綼·𶯣һɲǣоԼεĲһѽһӴ硣
䣡
ֻһɲǣַ·ͣ˫ַȫ𣬺¡¡ڣֻһ춯صľ죬رѣص׵һ֮ƣźƵĽ⣬͵Ĵӵصװ˳
γͬʱһӴӿȣͬˮһ㣬ڲڡ
꣬죬Щûʡƴϡׯأ̺һԶϣ߾Ȼ˳£һ·ĵ֮Уһٽιʦڵһٽ
ιʦġ֮١ǶͻʶǴ۷ľǿߣҲһֵס
ڵڵʷϣڡ֮١ľǿ߲ȻЩڴɽ̺û󣬹ᴩŽѵĺǰʱѩڣ΢
ֹˣγһ̣һӴӿȷ·һ㣬嵽ÿһÿһϸ֮ǰĵĹ
ЩǰӴκһͬܣʹЩƣȴ֮ǰӴκһִҪܵöࡣ
һĴǽɫеȴֳϽɫ󣬶͸һʥ
𾪵ǡ
Źڵʱ򣬾Ȼô컯նģǧƵֵȫݿһ㣬һƣЩȫ顣
Ҫ֪߻ħΣյģڣǧƵĻͻһ̣ӿ룬ӵ˲
ͬʱҲζţڵ߻ħȻһȫ
̫ˣ
оڵı仯пϲѼԼ۾
ûڵЩʵ˲ﵽ۷壬֮κʱ򶼻Ҫǿ
һ״̬塣
Ȼ𶯡ϲĻԶֹЩ
ڵȵˣ
ʱһصͻȻ͸һغ;ηһظ
飡
һϥǹصУ循㵵ĿУһΰ׳ɽͰͻȻ֮صĹȥͬʱ߰ͷ­
ǱʶѾ˽ǧʬ壬Ȼǰһΰڳ˳̬

ͬʱгǧķɽһâ£ҷ׷׽ѹͣ˷ڳ˳̬
ô£
ԶͱˣŨУʦаˣ˴峤վµĩˣǰ㵡
ܵģ⵽ô£
ʱ˿̣ܵĳĪڰιʦˡ
߶ڵİ֮٣ŵڵĴȻûзӳκεЧ
ιʦΪʲôأηȻûκηӦͺŽ˱ڡ
žĴ޽󣬽ϵͬԴԨȴ޶ãǵˣķɽԼ̳еһȻ˸׳Ƴ
Լȫ˰ιʦ֪
ʦӡ޷ԽһǴǰȻһ㡣
ܵģܵģ
ǰιʦԳȣܵôĴ̼Ҳʧȥԭе򶨡
ޱȣǰӰбɱ⡣
ʱ˿Ѿȫǰע
ϲ¼ɽʮ㣡⣬֧ܣн𡯣
н𡯣ʶƣΪִӲднɢʶʱǶʱж
üҪĿʶÿĿֻʩչһΣ
ڸüҪںĿʶҪһ׼ʱ䣡
עüڷǵսܣ


1519 ɵ飡
ҵѾˣ
ʱǰǸϤٴǰ𣬶ԽԽ΢
δ䣬ϣУ飬ƵĽɫɽ˲ʧȥеĹ˻ɷһ㣬׷׹Ԩ
飬ͬʱһɽͰӴ˫ͷ­£ͺԼһ㣬˲䶨һڣһ˿ϢҲڷɽ׹ͬʱ֮ɢȥ
ˣ
ۿһдǧصʶҪɢȥһû˿ԥһưһļϡ
ɲǣһֱĸоһ㣬ָ⴫
û˿ԥ˲䷢֮ǰõķ֧
н𣡡
һͬһʱ䣬һ΢Сɫ棬͸ָ⣬һڡ
һȻʯһ㣬һһšнӿһ棬ʱһ˿Ѫɫڣһ΢Сн˳žڣҲһ·ƵһԺ
Ȼôһһɢʶȴ˲·ܵһǣһ㣬һ΢Сϻڵ۶ȥ
нķҪʱ䣬˵ȥڵİ߻ħѾӵ㹻Ա֮ͬҲ˳ʱ䡣
Σأ˵סһһҲסһĸ֡ҲԱʱ֮衣
ˣ
һУû˿ԥѸٿһʬ塱ߵ˼̳ǰ
ʯĩ˵ʱͿ̳ϷһЩʵҲӡ֤жϡ
̳ϻڷ˼һ̴ɫ߲ѾкܳķľСһһߴߣ«ĽɫҩСƿ
Сƿϸ壬ǳ£Ϊ廹ûпŵһ
ɵ
ĿһɨһϳĹ׭
û˿ԥһͽ̳ϵСƿľ뻳Сûдװдɵĺ«СƿǴö̴ɫľС
ľд򿪵ɲǣеһСӳ
顷
ϵ֣ʱһϲһֱѰҵڵˡ
û˿ԥ飬·Ƴһۡ
ԭΪӦþģɹˣǽ顷һ´סˣе׿յģľ֮Уˡ顷ıһ
ô£
һʱסˣ
ѵɹ
һֱΪĴɹ̳ϡҰһصľһأɹҲӦþѵ˵ԼĲһϣһأ
һɲǣԺд˷˲Ϣͷ
Ȼ룬һͻȻ
Ѵɽľиң
һ̺ɱһɲǼ䣬ռ䶼·𶳽ˣ轵׹Ҥһ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬𶯣߰˰׿һˣιʦɫ䣬Ľһ̤ͻȻ̤ҺɫĴ˦һһ㣬ķ
һ˫ĿֱӶеĴɽֻľУ
ɽ׹䣬һϢгʧɽѾơڱغĵĴɽľеġɹڱصãζҪ̫ʥɽȥ˭赲˭ֻ·һ
ˣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ڷݶͬʱιʦɫһһǿƿգңң˼̳ϵϡ
ߣιʦǳ룡
һ࣬ιʦնӦתͷ
ӱʮ겻Ըιʦòôá
ǰιʦ֮ǰԼµĽƣԼΪֻΪ룬嶼ƱҪιʦͻδĵڡʦ
䣡
û˿ԥץɽһݣӼ̳Ծ;ڴִһ㣬ͬιʦȥ񰵼ȥԸιʦκεĹ˼ɡ
¡
֮УƺƵըУһһ컯ߴԵ»ٴθ֮УҺ֮ǰκʱȣҪʵĶ࣬ͬؼС̫С̫һ㡣
ޱصĺģ˴ʱ˿̣£ȫͬˮеĴɽһ֮ƣŶİιʦݺݵ˹ȥ

һ쳹أһֻдģԨ֮֮
أ
ͬһʱ䣬ιʦĿ¶⣬ʳָָָ繴ңңһץ˲Ϣҡض
Ѫȳܣؼ¡һʱյ˲һͨһɺڰģݵĿֲӿͬһƺƵȥ
أ
Ƕͻʵһǿľ֮һΪ򣬷豹棬ȻʽȴĪ
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ɰҵײһؼзƮƮޱߵľķǳ뵣ɢŨҲ͵ըѿ
ϣҵĽսУһ̶ĽһɫҵײڰιʦܵѪϡˣιʦվڴִϣҡ£ܿ죬㶨ɽͰȻ
Ķ棬ȴػֱӱú߲ģˤ䡣
ҵĶ֣
ʱһЦ𣬰ιʦһ۶棬¶һ˿ƿȫֵЦݡ
õ˴ɽΣʵԷⱦʹõ˱ҲһҵĶ֣Ȱ㻹ǹԹԽɽͼ̳ϵĶһԿʦͽһ
ǺлصιʦûͷҲ֪˴峤а˴ӺΧιʦȴȻ޾壬Ϊ׿ۺˣⷽ棬ʵ˿ѷаԭ뢡
οϻʦһ빦ǿƥĴѪŷѾﵽ˶ͻʴ˵еĺ죨΢һ棬˺вСĲࡣ
ιʦ㻹ǲҪʴˣҪӮ˵ɣ
Ц˫ֳֽ԰ιʦ޾⡣
Ѱ·
Ļιʦӹһ˿ŭɫ
ȻѰҾͳȫ㣡
䣬ιʦһ̤ըһɫٴ޷ԶԿ裬û˿ԥιʦԭѾΪǿϢʱٴһءңң壬Ҫһ
꣡
ڰιʦո̤һŵɲǣͻȻһ΢ĴӶдΪϸ΢ͺĳմѿһϸСѷһ㣬΢ȻڰιʦУȴ׻ԭ̤ȥȻһʱԭأһ


1520 Ǭת̫΢
Ѫ
ʯ䣬һͷԺιʦɫ䣬һ׶ʱòҰޱȡ
ϢʹѪΪһ壬һǣĸ֪УһɷѪȻƤ£ۿɼٶѿһߴҵϸСѷ죬ѷ컹
ܣ
ιʦ˫ĿԲȫԼ۾
ڷ̶ǿ󣬾Ҳһ˿ۣΪѪĲϣ̫ʥɽһľͻ֮Ѽʮʱ䣬ϵرռģǼΪϡĶϣ˵ôһľǿ߼ӳطơ
ڰιʦ֪УǾ޷ݻٵģ
Ȼιʦôû뵽һȻڴѪһѺۡ
Ȼֻһ̶̵ѺۣڰιʦУֱĶҪѿˡ
ιʦ˵̫ˣ̵޷ǾǴѪһķ㻹ʲộ
ʱһ쳹أ˼žԶͬ˰ιʦѪϵı仯һɲǣѩޱȡ
ɽȻԿưιʦеĴѪ
˵һķ֡
ԭֻŹټϴɽڲ̺һӴԲŲιʦƴһ֣˵Ǹ޴ջ
ιʦ
ĿܣȻХһιʦѣһݣȫԼΧŨҵԪȷŰιʦȥ
䣡
ʯ䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬ڤڤоͺһɫмӹ˿ιʦȴӴѹ£
꣬һϸ첻ڶιʦѪϵƱֻͷ˿ϸǰ˴ɽڶӳߴ磬ѷҲԽԽԽԣм¾ͻᱻһ
ܣܣҾԲţ
ιʦ𺧣ǰ󲻹ȴ޷֪磬һɲǱˡһ˵ʥѪиٹ̵
ΪصǣѪıιʦľԪ񣬺ѪڶΪһڴѪѿͬʱιʦϢҲϵй¶һǿʵʱҲ֮䡣
ιʦ㸶۵ʱˣ
ͬʱӿ籩ϢŭܣͬӺ󷽵˰ιʦ
ڣ
񹦣
Žŭıȣа˺˴峤ҲͬʱѣӺ󷽼뵽ⳡսСǰĿѩеĴɽϳһ쳤磬ͬŰιʦȥ
ϣطխŲޣǰιʦǰлҲ޿ɱܡ
ˣ
ιʦ־ŭʱ˿̣ﻹа֮ǰźʹݣ
дɽΣƴˣҲҪʦͽڴˣ
˱ƵιʦҲƳеɱ
ɽ
ιʦкһ˲˵ǿľ֮һ
¡¡ɽһ£ɽҵĲ·ҪܲסһιʦϵҲһǵΪһǾػڰιʦܣת
ͬһʱ䣬ŰιʦĹ룬ѪϢۻأȻͬɽһ㡣
䣡
˵Ĺιʦ׷ױѪɵǿ赲⡣
СɱǣٸɵǸСӣ
˼йιʦҲеŭڽôѪס˵ͬʱιʦĿɭû˿ԥתָꪣץ˴峤аˡ
ণ
Хιʦܺɫ˲Ϣ仯ΪһѪľɫһͷͷŭХţ׷׳ȥ
Ѫ
ιʦһǵһһžѧĴѪӲ̶ȲУڶǿߵĻս֮Уӵмǿܹ֮ǿйƶֵ
ιʦƾһУ̫ʥɽϻڶྺ֣һ˵λãʵ֮ǿ֪
ڷâʢа˺˴峤ȴԶˣûֳִ֣ѪİιʦȻһĲࡣڰιʦ˵ֻҪ²ˣͿҪЮ塣
ʱ򣬴ɽͼ̳ϵıȻͬҲС
ϴ峤һʩչһаɣ
󷽣ζаֻһۣ˰ιʦͼΪʦаһɰ԰ιʦǿаɫһȻ˿ûõ˼
Ҳֻˣ
һϣ˴峤ͷ׷趯аֻһ仰Ѿͼ
ʱ䣬һ·ͬУϽѧϵãͬʱ̽ߵľ磬ȻûͻƵ΢ȴҲ׽һкϻѧ
һоѧʦڵײչ¶΢һּ΢ططʩչΪ̣Ҫ˼Ĭͬʱﵽ벽΢ľ磬ǼˣһҲ൱졣
ΪͶȡɣﵽ΢൱ߵĸʧܣһļɡ
˴峤а˱Ԥƻĸ¾ͿɣǴʱ˿Ѿ˲ôˡ
Ǭת̫΢
ʯ䣬ƺƣͬһʱ䣬˴峤аɫȻ붶ϣճһֻ磬볯Űιʦȥ
䣡
ڤڤУа˺˴峤ϵĵطâƺƣ·һ㣬ǵĿʱ¡¡£һʱһͻȻˡ
а˺˴峤ƾ˵ĺһ̾Ȼǿд˿ռϣͨһͨ΢ͨƺƵ΢Ծ˵ٶӿ뵽ڡ
ôܣ
о˾Ȼͬһʱ΢һˮǴߣһأιʦ۵Ĳš
Ƕһ˵УԽǿľ磬Խƾ״ƣιʦΪѪͻʱ䣬һ˲ƵĴۡ
ңƾƵĺ죨΢ΪιʦȻǰ벽΢ĩڣɲһš
а˺˴峤Ȼƾ˺ϣû£΢ֱ
¡
˵ʱʱ죬ιʦûü룬˵Ĺ֮ƺͰιʦĴѪصײһ

ͷľ޴Ѫײа˺˴峤΢ϣʱʹĺѩһ׷ڡǿҵײһ𣬰ž춯صıըҵҡιʦ־ڱصõһȻǿеֵ


1521 սιʦ
ιʦң
ûȰιʦǰȴٴηǿͻȻ֮һŭĴ·նҪˡ
ֳִɽһĻһ˫Ѫ죬һɱ
¡͵һؼâ㣬еĴɽ·о͵ıҫ۵Ĺâһǣ嶼ûз֣һȫµǿĹ֮뵽֮С
ܵƣǿµŭɱιʦɫһ䣬͸һ˿ҵɫ룬ιʦòʱ˴峤а˵Ѫȫȥ
գ
ιʦһ󶦺ܵĿɽХһ㣬ơ
һֻ̣һ춯صľ죬ɻصײ㣬ݺݵײһ
ǿ
ײɲǣιʦֻ˫һͺһɽӸ£ݺݵһ£ˡ
Ըоͬ㾡ȫһһԽۻ£ǱɽϱһһǿҲһһмܡ
꣡
ڴͬʱһĴӶдιʦ־ÿһ£ڴѪһѺۣЩѺԽԽҲԽԽðιʦ޷ܵǣЩ˶޷ֲġ
һഫϷʱ䶼ȻȴԼܵĥ˺ðιʦֱ޷ܡ
Ѫ䣡
ŭ֮Уιʦ֮ǣû˿ԥιʦҲ룬ʩչ˵һһǿģרŲٿطĽŷһľѪԪΪۣѪһ
ʩչһУպҪµʱ䣬һԾʶֲˣҲպһʱ½һʱιʦѾ˲ôˡ
ֻҪܹ壬Уôһжֵõġ
οٲֹ壬ѪĻԼˣ
ۣ
ɲǼ䣬ιʦ͵ҧ⣬һɾѪ͵Ѫϡ
һҪ
ιʦŶ壬Ҳе𣬲׼ѪΪͨѪϵѪƣͬʱ߶Ѫ䣬ʱιʦңʼϲͻȻˡ
ˣ
û˿ףѪϵϢȻһңιʦһھѪѪ棬ȴȻȫ޷͸ȥ
ǵˣιʦѪ͵ĹƾѪ̺ӴһͻƵ˺죬ӵ΢
һ̣ѪȫʧأķѪԿ̵ķͷģһȫʧȥЧáûѪİιʦֻоȻһգûзӦһʵʱ˳һ㣬΢ֱӵ䵽˰벽΢
ôܣ
ιʦһ󳷣һ׶ʱɷޱȣû֮ǰȻƿȫֵȡ
ôܣɽô
ιʦ𺧣˷Ǳɽֱȡ
ռôϣǱɽǴû˵ǱɽȻԸŷǿķͬ
Ѿ˰ιʦ񽣵֪
ɽǿĲ˼飬ѾԶԶԽ˵һķ
һɲǣιʦɫ԰ޱȣֳִɽ壬еһһֲսʤĸоһ˿η塣
ô񽣣ɽڣҵķӲá뿪ˣ
ιʦһֱڴɽ̰һΣУһ˿⡣һ壬ټа˺˴峤֮ǰʱη壬ڣѪɽƣιʦѾ޷ͬʱԸİ벽΢ǿߡ
ιʦߵ𣿡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ͻȻһȴĿ磬ѶιʦͼֻǰιʦЦصΪԼΪ˴ƣ嶼ѣ
նݣ
һΣ˲佫ѧԺ˵նʩչޣѸιʦͬʱ˫ֳֽԿ֮ƺݺݵĳŰιʦȥ
䣡
䣬޾ĿХţأԶԶȥŨҵУͰιʦҵսһ𣬽µͣ𶯣·ʱ׹ȥ
ϣĹ꣬ϵĳŰιʦ͹ȥֲĹ£ιʦ޿ɱܡ
ֻһһܼײеĴɽ˰ιʦϵĴѪʮΡ꣬ĳ೤ĴɽÿдѪһΣιʦıѪϱһơ
ʮѪÿһжƴʮιʦϵĴѪͲһԵѺۡЩطѪϵѷǴﵽһָ·ʱѿ
ӣ
ιʦԣ־ŭʱĹƼֱһɰɫĻ״ͣתХš
˫磬컯Ǳ־ԵһһͶӰͬʱ֣Ŀѡ
ڵ幦컯Լײеһ棬¿ռ䣬ֹ˷۶ιʦڵĺɫҪӿڡ
û˴Ѫǿػ֮ƾιʦһ֮ԵֵԵǿĴ컯
ιʦɣ
¡¡쳹أ䣬˿顣
䣡
˵ʱ򣬺󷽣䣬а˺˴峤һͬӺ󷽱
䣬һΣΣΡ
ǿߵֹιʦϵģԽԽʦѾ˵ˡ
ȻһлԶûнڰιʦæңӦʱ򣬶Ȼ֮䣬һȴ

ûȰιʦӦ𶯣һƬȵĽСХţͻȻڰιʦϷƹһɻԵЩˡںһ𣬶Щ˵룬һ֧泤ꪡ
ؼʱ̣Ӹ£ʱˡ
ԨϷֻǧ꺮ɵطǳСɹŲĿռ䲻ټҲõĳʱͽǶȣ֮ǰļһֱûô֣ˮϵϢĬĬѰѵĳʱ
¡
󶥼ͬʱ֣ɿ͵ģŻ֮٣ݺݺڰιʦϡ
˿ֲĺϻ԰ιʦҲһмܲס
ŵŵţιʦһ˵ĿǻеϢңһѪֱӿȴιʦǿ˻ȥ
˵Ե󶥼뢵Ĺιʦǿֿô㼯ȫһѹյһݡ


1522 ֮
ιʦһУ
ʯ䣬ֻιʦһ챩Ŀѩǳһ㡣аˡ˴峤Χιʦɲǣ͵ͬʱʩչȫǿһоѧ
ֻһвóĴ컯δʩչһǿľѧ
¡¡
ʯ䣬ֻһ죬ڤڤУз·е
ͬһʱ䣬һĴ컯ӿеĴɽڴɽ£ЩɽպĿ湦ѸѹȻתһȫµģܣҲӰԵ
ˣ
һɲ壬ȫϢ䡣˵ʼϢۻ룬ɽĻôڵϢâ¶£˵ĸоͺһնݻϰ޿ƥе
Ѿһ
䣡
ֻһգۣһ˲Ϣ仯Ϊؼһʮ׳̫֮Ҫҫǧ򱶵ɫ޽Ծ˵ٶȳŰιʦݺն¡
һɲǵ壬κʱ򶼽Ȼͬɢһɴ⡢ﻯΪ촷۵ĻԽ⡣
ʲô
һǣ˵ǰιʦʦа˺˴峤΢΢ɫ
չ¶ȫ½ֱֲָ꣬ıʾҪͬϵȫ
ǲĽ
κ˿һ᱾ܵһɷĿ־塣

ôɽʩչڴɹ֮µľ
ã
ʯ䣬ܵɿµĽιʦɫһ䣬æתͬʱִټ䣬Ѫȫмһ
ιʦķӦѾܿˣǵ͹һ
䣬ɫĹâŷػΪһƬ磬Ľǿ쵽㣬ֱӽռһΪһʮ׵Ľۡ
ιʦûüѪ߷㣬ͱǿµһ뵽֮УǿնһͨǿµĽ˺ѿռ䣬쵽˼άҪϵĵز
ͣ
һдѪڶ𣬰ιʦһоһµ̴塣ǻԵĽ͸̴ĵطŷɳǧƣĺ߾С
ιʦÿһϸͺ׹뺮㣬еȫϾΪһƬҰס
ôܣ
ιʦһ͵۾һɲǣоǰһƬҰףͺɱȫʧȥеɫʡ
ֻһιʦܵǰδеش

ֻһ춯صĲҽУڲĿֲǰιʦǿµһ͵عᴩ߷ݰ㣬ݺݷ˳ȥ
¡¡
ԶԶȥһɫĽֺ׳пգιʦŽķ߸߷ŨŨУһ·գݺһͨڸǽϡ
һǿֱҵƬڶѿˡؾҡΣ·Ҫһ㡣ιʦ죬Ѫٲ͸ëĹǲ֪˶ٸ
ߣ
ιʦɫ壬Ѿȫɥʧսû˿µĽһĽڵÿһϸ֮Уս֮󣬻ڲͣĴݻڵ
ʱÿȥһ̣ιʦƾͼһ֡
ιʦģһݿ޿ɵֵķâιʦǿĺɫһȻȫֵס
飬ιʦǽһģҲ룬ŲԶͨȥ
ιʦ㻹ߵ𣡡
ʱһռ䡣
аˡ˴峤м棬λͬʱ֣ǿ糱Ǻհ㣬Ӻ󷽼׷͵ػеİιʦ

ιʦҽһϢ˥˾в㣬ʱϨ

ιʦǽڣ飬Ѫ߰ߡһ˫㾡͵ˣû˴ݣûƣֻһĿ־塣
һʧ㣬̽䣡
ɽȻǿˣӵпƷʼգûġûѪػǰιʦҲͬʱԵĴ󶥼ֵΧ
а֣ѾԿƸո΢Ĵʳսײˣټ˴峤棬ιʦﻹа
䣡
һ춯صľ죬֮һֺɫأ谵ĵص綼ΪһƬĿİ硣
ιʦڵͱɫĽ˲ûȻһʲôҲ֪ˡ
ۣһҵͷ­Ӧ䣬ڵϣֻ°ιʦͷǵǽڴĵ£ȻһһĿģĿġ
ڸɵˣ
ХڰιʦµͬʱӰŨʯŵķӶ֮УԼ浽졣Űιʦʬ壬泤һظ
ιʦλͻʵĵʵ̫Σˣ˵棬ڣһǿ͵ϮһԶ࣬²壬ûл֮ȫĶ֡
գλһƺͶͻʵľվС
ת֮ôһɲǣ㱣ЩţλĿ´ڣȻˣ
ô
ʱƿգ˴峤Źȣڶ˹
û£
ҡҡͷ
һѾòˣû˰ιʦͻʵһҪһʱˡһΣʦͨѪͻص档һΣһѾôõˣ
һ˵ţһƳ˰ιʦԵС
ǿѾѷ졣һЩطѾѿ˰ƣͺʴ͸ĸ㣬˴Ŀľ
ƾһ㣬СѾϵһĹûи¼ӳ֡޲޲ˡ
һｵһﰡιʦһıԡǻۣԼһǿ书ƣ˭λʦȴһʮιʦǴˣ
ип겻ѡ
һսιʦ˵ĺ»ܣ֪һжΪλĹΪ˸κεʤ㡣ʵϣ˳ϼ̳֮ǰƶ˼䲻һεڰιʦС
ԨüҪ뿪ﶼ
ϼ̳γǱ񽣣һгʵתۡ


1523 䣡
뵱ʱֻ֮һĹͬʱһصǵԼ񽣵Ĺڻаιʦµĵڽ֮١涼е˼顣
ϾͺӵǱƺûʲôġ
Ҳ¼䣬ǵĴˣ
ˣ
еĸпһ࣬аҲ̤ܿʯţ˵档ڰιʦûһۡһޱصͻǿ߶ѣֽûʲô
Ƿ֮أ˲ãõɹ𣿡
аתܿ塣
ûУǰҵˡ
һƽɳʽֳֳӺ󷽻䵽˵档
ʲô
仰аˡ˴峤΢ɫ䡣ǰļҲתͷһľ㵡
ɾǵһػ񽣰أﻹǴޱصģôܻûдɹ
οϼ̳γõ˼
Ҳô£Ҹоɾµıؿûô򵥡Ӧûж죬ܻһЩĻء仯֮ô򵥣

Ǽ䣬˶üͷҲͰˣа˺˴峤ȴ֪ǸƭԼġ˵ûУǾһûС
̳϶ûУ¾鷳ˡ
а˳һθо˼֡
ɾ˵δ֪ı£ûҵǾ֤λľǿ߱ضİš
鷳ǣ˵ʱ䲻ˡû˴ɹ컯ûв꣬ʼǸ
䣡
˵ʱͻȻ֮䣬𶯣漴һܼĽŲӵͨд

˻һͬʱ¶𾪵ɫǱصĺģһ˰أֱǵѶȡͰιʦǶȡɵķܹŽ
ȻܼĽŲһɲǣͨв֪˶ˡ
ô£ôôˣ
͵۾Ĳ˼顣аˡ˴峤ˣҲͬ뷨
ֻû˷ӦһɹϢٽӽͬһʱ䣬һ̵ֻĴɽХͨڴ
ߣ
ɱˣһãһã
Ҫˣҹ
ʲôô˻Ը𣿣
Ͻȥǣã׷ˣ

һ󾪻ŵ䣬һͷɢңɫɷףȴͨڳ˳
󣬳ˮӿڵ򡣺󷽣ĸԴԴϵĸ
ͻһĻʹȫˡ
ô£
忴ǰ㣬Կ־岻ߣо㵲ѡ
Щߵʵ޷׵ִģһԽЩȫֵ⡣
𶯵黹ں󷽡
𣡡
ֻһ춯صֻ˲Ϣ䣬ͨͻȻҵĲѵĻҳӶԼڵͷϷ
棡
ͫһ˲ǵаϢֹˣ󷽣廹о˹ħϢλ˵а뢾ȻҲʱͬʱ˹
ÿ˭ҵңɱ˭
汩쳹գ䣬ֻһǿײһ̣ڲҽ˵ĿУһ߷ݰ׷׷˳
ֻʱ䣬̹һ˶ĺɫͷޱȣһ˶ߵͨǿм˳飬滯ĺһݣͨ󣬹ħ桢ų
λаûƽʱֲһŰ裬Щɵη壬ͺʲôµĶ׷һ
ãǰ£
һ󾪻ŵĽҲܿ췢ǰһƬ޵Ԩһ˲䣬ĵشһƬҡ
󷽣߾ͺһһȿֺ󣬻ԴԴϵĴͨڳ
Ϊ¼ǵ塢аˡ˷һʱ֮䣬ûעˡ
ˣ
ĵشԽԽ࣬ʱһǿϢ·籩˵ĸ֪С
Ԫһ
һϤӶߴȴǼͻȻʱ򿪿˵ˡ
ͬΪɽеǿߣ˴֮Ҳ棬ԪһϢϤˡʵϣԪһϢǳأ£»ûܹģµˡ
׷ʲô
һǣ塢аˣм˴峤˻࿴һۣӶԷиܵһĲ
ҲͰˣ桢ħ桢棬ԪһЩɽе̩ɽȵò̶ֻӣϵµĺĵشܹͨġ
󣡡
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬һͨڴ˵ĸַ׷״ͨڳӿͨҲĵشҵȺȻͬЩ˸һ֣󷨣ųУһԴ
飡
׹һϢ磬籩Ӱܿͨڳڰһۣ˵ǰ
ʩչ߾ɱ󣡡
Ԫһлͤ˲ǰδеأĿһɨȺе塢а˻һۣûͣܿ򶴿ڵķ
һɲǣжʱȥ
ԪһԸ֪ģ˹ִޱȣԵشһֱ£˷·˳һ㣬ʲô£Žаˡ
ǸոһۣĿ⽻㣬ԪһȻû˿ͣͷ򶴿ڣֻ˵һ㣬ԪһУǼΣգԶɱ塢аۻҪҪöࡣ
䣡
ƺӦͨڿըһɿֲģΪ֮ĿϢͨ͵غɨ
ֻһĲҽУʮ߱ǹɻԵ׷ϣһҽţǹɿµó𣬴ͨڷ׷׷˳
飡
ʮ߷׷ڵأײȺУһըѪ죬֫ϱۣ衣䵽ϵһ̣ѾϾʬˡ

Ⱥ󾪺һƬҡһɫ԰ףŵ÷׷æȥӿһɼȿֲ˼Ȳա
ٺٺ٣û˿Ի뿪
ʱһģ˿Цͨﴫ
䣬û˷Ӧһ̣һʬͨ˳ݺݵڶⲻȺϡ䣬һǣ̳ҽУ֪˱ʬУݺݵķ˳ȥ
Ǿ߶׳ʬ壬ڻʮ֮һ·׹£ŶȻͣ
վͨڵ࣬Ǿʬ׳ʱֻойһհ͵زһ£ȻʲôҲ֪ԷʵеĻҪǿ󡢿¡
˳ǹ׳Ǿʬʱȴıɫ


1524 У

Ƥʧȥԭе򶨡ǴӶ׳ġʬ塱ͷ½ϣף廹ǴϴŵϤʱڵĹŴۣһ˳
ϣ
󣬺һһĴ˳ڵϡֻǿһۣʱгȥ
Ƕĳ
ڴعʱĳǳ֮·ӣеһжǳϤ˵ֻǲ²ĻͨĶѾһ¶ɡ
ôܣ
оһɲǣͻȻȺΪʲôô֣ҲΪʲôЩͨߵʵҲһ·˳ӿˡ
ǣ
ʯ䣬һͷӹԺʱʲô
Ѿ΢Դɹǿᣬ΢ǿ߶ǶĶ֡жƬ֮УʸݻٵģҲֻЩˣ

ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬ƺӦâһխͨڣһȺӰӿ˳֮ǰ߲ͬЩĿ׺ݣɫȴҪݵöࡣ
Сģ
ǳˣ

Щ˵ĳ֣ȺʱһƬɧӿһƬգһ۾ͷʣͷϸ亹乣¶һԵľֺη塣
û˵ɫȴ
һѾ⣬ôõʱ䣬ЩĪ⣬ʵǿĺڻ˺ĵش岻ǵһκЩ˴򽻵Щĺ
ؼǣЩʵǿÿ¡
յˣ
һ
ʱ򡪡
ˣ
ͨµı仯ӴϢգͬһ㣬ͻȻ˵ĸ֪С
ĵشܴػдģһǸ֡ǺϢȣϰС
䣬𶯣Ҳʱ䣬ӰֹݣĿϸŽɫߣͬ˼㣬Ĵͨ˳˵Ұ֮С
˳ֵɲǣ˲̣εѹصͬɽһ㣬ɨȫ˵ĸ֪С
Ԫһлͤͬ桢ħ桢ڣһɫ΢ٴУһ͸Щŵɫ
ˣ
ǸƵһĽɫߺˣ塢аˡ˴峤Ҳһ׷ױɫ
Уһ˺Ѿйһ֮Ե֮ǰڵرֹһΣһ˫ɫֵ֣¹С
ɫ䣬Ŀ̺ŰĻԸߵȼȻѾ΢ľǿߡ
ʵﵽ΢ͳ󲿷ֵߣ۷ľǿȣѾһϣһ£ȫȻͬľ硣һ㣬Ѿᡣ
ǰ¹Уһʵɲ⣬ǺͶȣҲ˿
ˡ
һϴһֻֻɫǵĽߣһһֻɫĻߣĪ⡣
ֻǽб֮¹У΢һЩŽɫߵӣһϢƺƵ̺һ㣬Ȼ֮˻Ҫ¡
ʵϣվھеλҲܿ³ֵĽɫУʵݡλȻ֮ǰִ¹֮ϡ
һ¹ѾѶԸôҲû뵽Ȼֳһʵ൱ǿĺǿߡ
һɲǼ䣬гģɫѿޱȡ
һҪߣ
ڴʱеĽɫͻȻ˵ˡһӴϢ·ɽһ㣬ѹȫϢǰԪһ˶ҪΪ֮Ȼʧɫ
˵仰ĺ糱ˮӿ룬Ϊ֮ۡ⣬ʵ˿֮µĸ֡
ˣˣ
ǵʲôˣΪʲôҪô
ģҾƴˣ

ӿһ־ͿֻŵдӸ£ԶԶȥΧǺܴͨΧ߷׷ȥ
쵰ΣǾԲóѵģ
һŮĽºڻҵȺУԵüΪ̶˳ȥͨڣֻеĽɫһֱֻ۸߸߾ָǯһ㣬һ˵Ĳ
˽ɢң֮͸¶һ˿ŨŨԹޡ

һ廹ûϳǿϤİɫۣʱӦɫеĲǱˣ𶴿֮гֹĴŮ졣
֮ǰϵĽѲ֪Ϣңǳ
Ѫһ·ܾĥ
Ȼ䵽ǵ
üͷһ£֮ǰڵصװӵʱɴͻĴ𶯡뵽Уǿλ˵ŮҲǳԾ˿ͷ
ߣ޴Ůˣеǰ취㿪ڣʹ˻ǵǻһΪ㲻˵Ǿûа취ʳҪĶ
ʱվ߸ݵͻȻ˵ˣɭޱȡ
ˣЩ²Ĵ˸Ҵ
гźһ֣ܿ죬һ˸Ѻ߰ӺһЩͨĴ֮⣬Ȼвٴһĳϡ
꣡
û˿ԥһ˸ֳһѯʶûУһ˵ͷ­ͷѪֱֱͦͦصڵϡ
쵰Щ쵰һŹǵģ
һĻŮܵ޴Ĵ̼һ㣬˫ĿѪ죬Ť˺ѷε
ɱǸϸһɱˣ
ʱҲ¹зˣ֮иӵı䣬ҲӵĲпᡣ
δ䣬˸ǰȥÿ˶ߵһ˵ԡ
쵰Щ쵰ҾҲŹǵģ
һ˷Ľбĺ⣬ʹҪǹ⣬޷ѡ
꣡
һ£˿ԶûһֱͦͦĵڵϣѪ飬ѸȾ
ڵˣ
ʱһʵ˵ĺ˸ߵ뻨׵Ĵ˳ǰһѳĲϣĽѹһѪۣʱѪ
ô鷳ˣȻڣͰʣµĴͳͳһɱɣЩѾûʸٴˣ
ʱһϺ͸һǬٶϵİġʱΪ׵Ľɫпˡ
˱˫֣ǿ׳һվʱ͸һصĸоڱĿֲϢ籩һ㣬ѹͷص˴


1525 ɹ
ǣ
һȺ˹Ӧǣߵʣ༸޴˵׼̡
⣬һȺСһ·ǹˣɣնݳͽðɣ
ɫٴοڵ仰Ϊѹյһݡ
ЩҸ㣡ǣȫǣ
ŮЪ˹׵ıˡ
Щȫᣬɱ֣һκءɫһһǧĴ޴ˣҪʹ𣬳ʧˡ
Щ쵰ȫú
Ǽ˻쳹ա
ˣ
Ȼһ̣ɫһգͰЪ˹ĴŮᵽǰϵĽɫ߲ľ롣
޴ŮˣһǸûκ壬ǸҪĴ𰸰ɣ
ɫδ䣬һӴľʹŮһ
ߣ֪ˣαص
Ƭ֮󣬽ɫһѴŮһ˵¡
ˣ
һ̣ɫָֻһһƽɫʵһ㣬ѸŤ仯գۼ仯Ϊһֱ׶Ĵͼ㻺ת
䣬ɫһ죬еشͼһĳһ𶯣غ̳ʯͷϷ£µŨҲŷз
ֻһ죬𶯣ɫһƺеĳơһ̣زʯΧĶϰ˲ԶĵطѿһصͭɫӴӵص˳
ӵı鲼ƣұ滹ϵķģԼһЩŴ޵ͼϡׯءء
˵ĿУɫлǰȥһɲǣÿ˶ע⵽ˣͭӶһͻĴԲ̡
ɫǰȥס˵Բ̣ҸתȦȻһ͵ذȥ
ȻΧʲôûзͻһ˴㵲ѡ
ʦ
ʶԵаˣҡҡͷס塣
Ǵ˻ЩˣǶǵзѣ˹ȻɱǣЩҲͬŹǡҿΪޱؿ»С졯ǧǾ䡣
塢аˣ˴峤ǵеĶ֣һУ¼䣬ϵĸֶԡ
Щ˸κͺ˴ܶν˶֪Ǿ˵ˡ
û˵ֻ΢΢üͷĿʶɨΧ
ֻΧˣԪһڣɫ䱸Сû˿˼
óǶЩмη塣
һˣΪ׵ĽɫУ˫üƺΪǰһ˳˼֮С
ܿ죬üͷչƺ׹
ߣ
ɫһͷҲûأһֻ͵
Զں󷽵ĴŮ죬类һε˿һ㣬˲ûɫС
ͣһѪ䣬ɫһָƴŮֱۣһѪͭϡ
ЩѪʱһ㣬͸ͭӵڲʱ䣬øɸɾ
¡һ춯صľ죬һ˸ߵͭͻȻջصصף󣬴غصһ޴ĿѰһת
ô£ѵص»лأ
һ˲ΧȺ׷ȥΨ뵽ʲô档
ЩһﵽʲôΪ˴ɹõô𣿡
һɫɵ־ɡ
Щˣܸһֹֹ֣˸ĸо
һ࣬Ⱥвû˵û˲ͬľǿޱȣͭɫջصص׵ɲǣоһǿĲ͸صףһ·ݵԨϷ޾ߴ
ǲһ·ȥԽԽԶҲԽԽСޡ
žޱȵļž
˶ԴĬĬĹ۲Ľչͱ仯ʱ˿̾Щ˶ĬĬͷűŨڸǵ޾ߴĬĬȴ
ʱδ𣬾̵ʱ򡪡
ǣ
ͷϷȸоʲô
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬¡޾ԨϷһ죬·ĳȻﱻһ㡣
ʼʱ򻹲ԣǵ˺ԽԽǿҡ
쿴
ʱ򣬲֪˭ϷͻȻ
¡һ̣Х˵ĿУһҫ۵ĽСײһ㣬ԼٶȣȻ·׹
һۣǵ˵лֻ֥С˵ľٻڰ˾ǧϡ
ֻգۼ䣬֥СĹâʮ򱶣仯һ޴ĽɫԲ
ڽɫԲ棬´£ƺЩʲô
ã
Сģ
ǰĹâޱȣĽһ㣬ⰵյĵصףӳյͬһ㡣
¡
˵ʱʱ죬Ϣʱ䶼޴Ľɫű֮٣ݺݵĩˣڰеĹϼ̳ϡ
ɫĹŴ޾Ϸ׹£ǹֲǿ󣬹׹صɲǣұըƥ˰㣬ϯķ
飡
±Եһ߷Ӧľ˻УһҽһһըˣƵ÷ȥ
ԭѾߣʱһƬҡ
ǵʲô
䣬彫ڵɢĿѾǴ׹Ľɫȫ̳˱ըɨȫɲǣűը˿ȥһۿ˹ȥ
⣬⡭ôܣ
ѾһЩ׼Զ̳ǵţȻ̲ס¶һ˿𺳵ɫ
˳ɫʯǰɹִŨ룬忴һɫĴ⡣ڴ棬´£Ȼһϵĵǵܶ赻Իͣۼ¶һɿԽʱյĹ׳
һɲǼ䣬·͸˹ʷݵһδսʱĹʱڡׯء϶µϢη̾
ֻһۣ㱻Ҵļɫ׭ע
ɹ
ϵ֣ɷ裬͸һѹƵϢͬ˼һ㡣
ȻǴɹ
˵ĸоȻ֮ǰʱûдӱصĺĵõɹойŹ֣εðûô򵥣һʹɽĿ֮ƺʲôصĶ
ֻǱϾǲ²⣬ңĸʲô
Щˣ嶼벻ڱصĺľȻж졣ıأȻͷ޾Ϸ
Щˡ֪ܣ
ʯ䣬һӹԺԽĸоЩˣʹɾ֮ƺĳϵ


1526 ص׼սһ
û⣬ġ̫޼ԪɹӦþˣ
ɹǴɹȥ
´ɹ͹ˣ˭ΪУ˭·һ
µһҵģ

һģԶֹһԻ͵Ĵɹ׹䵽̳ϵɲǣһЩҲ룬ĺ˶˲ϣչȿֺԾ˵ٶɫֵĴɹ
ʯšһӶЩ߼ֱͬһ˹ȥ
һ̣ЩǶɹΧĽɫʱ򣬺¡㣬ͺ񴥶ĳֽһһɿֲĪܵȻŷ

Щܹڣÿһʵ׵ĸ֣ǱɫĴһһƲް㣬ܿƵķ׷׷˳ȥǵɣԨ
ֻһĲҽԽԽԶֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Щ߱ȫͳͳʧ
ߣ޴
һĻͨǰ棬Ϊ׵ĽɫЦһЩʧߣ׳һ
һεжǲ߻˺ܾúܾãǴɹнƣ״룬Щ߽ȵǣ
ɵǣȫɱ⣡
ɫĿᣬһǰ´˽ɱ
ɱ
û˿ԥһ̣ͨǰеĺ˸һɱڣֳŵȫ˶ããߡ
ܶа߿һЩ˸ŭХţ˵ĸоƺǲռݾԵơ
໣
һҰްĺУһα仯Ѹٱ仯һͷͷ˰½̬Ǳ仯Ϣǿ籩ĺޣ֮٣ѸŶ˹ȥ
һɱʹ˿ʼ
ɱ
Сģƴˣ
棬£һѪ˫ۣѸٺȺ˻սһ𡣵͵ཻײޱȵĻң
ۣ
һӶдһͷͷ½ᣬͬȺдɱ¾ܼȺײҡ
Ĺ˷ӿȴȫЩĺƾǿ壬Լֲֵ
ûʹֻʮָһ壬ͲЩߵһԲָǵϲһѪ
һţ˵˵ϡһЩɸֹ񣬵һɹɺɫĻϣȼգɷ־ĺС
ߣոŸոտʼأ
ͬһʱ䣬һͷ­ʹͻȻǰҵıԵ¶һ΢΢Ϲ͸һ˿Ͳ̵Цݡ
ϣǰսʱ򣬶˵䳤һĵݶľ
䣡
ը¶һΣʧ֮У
նݣ
¶磬ȫĪ۶ٶȣֻһİɫչ仯飬է˲Ϣգۼ䣬һɸ塢֫ųƣ漴·Ƶľ׮㣬һֱͦͦĵڵϣѪˮ飬ء
¶ˣҲ׷׳С
һΣΪһݣ¹λɣͬ٣֯Ｋٳ֡ˣҲСȫԸκεĵ
һ
һǼеĺ㳲ֻҽڶ˫ɲǣһܵʱ˲ء
󣡡
ʱԪһйâһ´ȺأҼ侲ֻ֮Լ򶨺ġ
һɲǼ䣬Χȫʶķ׷׳ڵλÿ˹ȥ
ˣ
Ԫһһ˵ĸ𵴣ΪС飬һС󷨣Сһ󷨡е󷨱˴˹һƬϢΪһ壬һһ㡣
໣
˵ʱʱ죬ź˵ƽһ˸ɱԪһڵķλ
ĺУһ½ữĺˣͷɢңɫͬһͷ˶ɵҰһ㣬ȳǰԪһ˹ȥ
Сģ
ɲǼ䣬һ󾪺Щ½ữĺǿֵܵסոѾ֪ɱ˶ٵߡ
ȻһУԪһɫ򶨣û˿Ļҡ
飬ͷϢİ½ữĺˣɲǣһɫĹâ˸һ¡
䣬ֻԪһû˿Ķͷ·Ұްİ½ữĺˣھԪһ߶ĵط͵ײһεϣײͷĿѣȻͣ
䣡
Ԫһ˫֣һֻ۶һ¡һ̣һɴɫˮһ㣬б͸½ữĺȫëףһ˿˿Ѹڡ
ֻ꣬һľ½ữˣͻȻ֮ë֦֮ҶһЩɫ޵С
¶ƤҲѸͭĺɫ仯һɹľɫ
ôܣ
½ữĺˣļѵ̧ͷǰɫȻԪһǲ˼顣
ֻ꣬Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ǿƥеİ½ữˣȫľάΪһľ㣬Ԫһǰһ
ǵϢ򳹵׵ʧ
½ữ
ǱΪۣʹʵӣжҲԽѸ٣ͬһͷһ㡣
ֻϧֵǿھóԪһ˵˸׶Ը
쵰
ȺУһĻĶɫһ䣬ʱΪһɫ磬ѼٶȣԪһˣݺݵ˹ȥ

ʱһݲȣбɲǴûȵԪһ֣˸лͤǰ̤һͬʱ͵һȭ
һȭƻʱ죬ûȵ˿лͤһѡ
¡¡
𶯣޾İ׹̫Ҫۣлͤȭ䱬
һǿռ𶯣лͤĴǰ粣㣬ѿ϶
ͬʱҲѿ˺¶ˣһµ
˻ϴ
۽вУ岫ɱԼԸ书ķЧ£ûбȰ˻ϴˡ
Ԫһһ֮亱еľǿߣблͤƵΣգˡ
˵ȫ
һ˶Ԫһɫ΢䣬ķ˽
ɱ
ʮ˵ĸ֣˾ԪڣһŭХţŵźɱȥ
˳ͬʱ飬Ԫһ¶Ȼһ̤һǿҵĳ͸ضһ˸ڡ


1527 ص׼ս
ЩѸٽǵľȫ壬ͬʱڵƷ׷Ȭ
䣡
ֻ˲Ϣ䣬ɴ˸һȺ˼սһ
ͷһâıըУ£һȺҵıը
ֻһĲҽУ߰˸֣ԶûпһͱԪһĳһе

ͬʱһԵлͤĿкһҲͬʱˡ

ҲԪһлͤͬʱͨ࣬Ҳͬź˵ķ񹥻
ֻǣ˲ͬȫûôӵ󷨺սǵսʽֻһǾƴȫƴս

ֻһ޺һ޴ĺ͵˳βʹ˦ֻһͽʮˣͬ߷ݰ㣬ݺݵɳȥ
䣬Ǽֻצ̤£һ澪֣ܶͱڵצһץɢĳһ̲ࡣ
ߣɱϷҵҪʲô£
սϷ졣
һƬ£ѾƵǽԲοа뢡
淢ѵͬʱ𶯣һӴϢ籩㣬˵ĸ֪С
𣬾ںɫĺ󷽣һͷ޴ħʮ׸ߣ̹ޱȣĿС
ħ֮ŭ
ʯ䣬Ŀݹǰεض𣬻۵޴ħұ֮Уһִģǧ׹ɵĴִȭݺݵسŵȥ
¡¡ȭ𶯣ݣվĵط·Ҫһ㡣
ڹħĹ£һҽУǿ½ữĺˣԼɺ޵ĺˣһж£ͱħľȭһһұ
һŨϢӿ磬Щ˵ڡ
Ȼֱӽǻһ߾߰׹ǣ˵ڵϡ
쵰
һĻһʵǿ˿ѷɫ˵ĶǿߣɫȻ˶Źħ˵ķ˹ȥ
ս伤ңɱײڶ̶ֻʱڣоѪʬ塣
Ԫһлͥ桢ħ桢棬ԼаɳϣڶɢߣǺʵȻԶЩ߿ɱȵġ
ǵ书ҡԵͬҰգ书·ɽеѧȻͬ
ϰа֮ɽ˵ֹأǿѧ˷ʤȫǶ֡
ǳˣ
ȺսҵʱϵһͻȻǰͬʱеĴɽһɹӴͬˮһӿ񽣱еĻҪǿöࡣ
˺Ͱιʦ֮սɽҲѾԽԽҲôȥá
Щˣƹ֮޴ڣڣҲǷʱˣ
ǰ飬ڲϳ˷ƽĺˣӹһĨĹâ
ν޿̡̣缲ȥ֣Ѿûʲôù˼ɵˡ
ʦ㣬ҴӼ̳ϵġµģɣ
彫̳ϵõǸƿ˹ȥ漴Ŵɽһս㣬һһ޻أҵƣǰȥ
飬̤ͬʱزһӴϢ籩ϯ
䣡
кһ˲仯Ϊһ۵磬Ѹʧԭء
䣡
ʮɿ⣬һ˿Ѽɫۼһֻ̣һϵľұըĴɽգһĻߣ֮һ˶ʱһɹɻԵըķѡ
̶ֻʱڣ˷ʮ֣һлֻǿʼ

û˿ףһڴ¾ߣаּսĺˣͻȻзšĽһ·ȫܿһ㡣ܿƵģڵ
䣬ͬ뺣ڣһɫĦ֮װ޻ĺ˸֣ڵҲȫܿƵлһɹɵ̺ӿȥ
飡
ֻգۼ䣬һ˸Ѹٸɱ񣬿ήȻ˵ڵϡڵΪȫӿ뵽塣
컯
аһ湦ָ֮󣬱ŷǿ֮ǰȣҪһ¥
¡¡ƺƣΪģһǿ
ƾŴɽӴʱĴ컯Ѿ΢˲ֹһ
飡
һ˲ҽţ̹׷ײŵ˵ϡ
쵰
һ࣬оʩչնݡ飬òɱ¾ĵ¶Ŀһ͵Ťͷ
٣㣡ȻԼ
¶˵Уӹһ˿ݷĹâ֮ǰոյִĵشʱѾע⵽壬ֻλɶڣ¶˸ҷһˡ
طҲӣ
Ҿͳȫ㣡
ϣ
һݶĽХ¶˲ʧ֮Сžյһϸıӣ絶һĿֲۼУȥ
еĺɫޣӵǿ֮׵˺ߵ˴һ˺롣
ߣ
һĻͻȻЦⲢһˣ֮ǰڰʱֻʱʵ󽵣һ߻ħΣգԲòܿ
һʱһʱιʦУ˵Ǻ¶ˡ
ã
ǻ¶һ˿ЦݣһΣûȵ¶˹巴һ˽
䣡
âһ˲ʧ֮УԶ˹ȥ֮󣬺¡һӴľɽѾǰһݺݵĻ˰Уĵ¶ˡ
նݵٶԶӺնҪö࣬ٶȣƴ¶ˡ
ϧԸ¶ˣòô鷳
ʵʻľԶԶԽ΢ǿߣ¶˵Ĵնݶȫûá

ɲǼ䣬ֻһ죬űһֲľûȵ¶˹ȥһϸ緢˿ϵȻЮŻԵ֮٣ݺݵĻ˵¶ˡ
䣡
ûΧ˷Ӧ¶˲ҽһ߷һ㣬˳ȥ
һݺݵսʮ׸ߵĶϡ
һɲǼ̳ʯĽƬƬʯ¶ˣһֱֲҽ˶
쵰
ͬʱΪʮ׸߻ƽʿĶ죬͵תתʱʯ׹䣬ЩȫǱĹʯ
Ľ£Ǻˣ˫ĿϢȫ޵ߡ


1528 ص׼ս
Ͷȣ˫ʵʵ̫ˡˣһεǵչ
Щ˵ƤëָףͬѪҺıʯ顣
Сӣ㻹󣡡
һ㣬߸ϣ쳹ա
ȻˣҾԸɵ㣬Ծ󻼣
¡¡𶯣Ӵ̺޾һһµ𶯣ƺܲסľһ㡣
Ӵ󣬵жȴǼޱȡ
¡
û˿ԥƽʿһݣԺӴȻͬٶȺ塣
һֻ޴ȭͷŷĽ⣬ЮһԵĺݺݵȥ
¡
ƽʿȭͷ죬Ĺ졣
ƺˣܹߣ˴һͬʯĿֲһû˿õ˼
Ĺ֮֮ǰһ¥ԺԪһĲ£ѷǿߣҲǷâ¶ʲá

û˿ԥ˲ʩչݣһĿ
ˣ𶯣һ̣һӴĽɽХһ㣬ڱŷ
ɫâأ˲Ϣ仯ΪһʮɳĻֺ뽣һ˶ɽͰĻƽʿ
䣡
ɿֲģѾԽ˵۹۷ͬ㣬ҵײһ
ֻ꣬һһǶ·˺ˣ޾Ŀͬһ㣬ϯ£ˢܡ
һЩ˺ߣӦͱһɹɿ񱩵ľˢȥ
ֻ⿴ƾеһսĽȴĽȻͬ
䣬ʯ䣬ֻ׹һǵֺɫݿ࣬һ˺˻ƽʿΧ߰ףӲͬһĹ
ֺĽͻͽһ˻ƽʿǴִʯֱۡ

ֻһĲҽУıըУƽʿӴվȣĺ󳷣һʯͷϣǾ
ôܣ
һǣƽʿͺܵ˼ľš˵ʱȥһ޴ֱۣ׷ѣһµ䡣
һлԶûн
꣬ɵĻƽʿ壬Ҳ˲ϢĹѣǧ׷䡣
͸ʯ֮ķ϶ԿһƷ˿ɫ߰㣬ڵߡ
ڽֽ֮󣬲ǿֲĽͽ⣬Ȼߣƻ
ֹˣڵĽʹλ˵죬һγ׵ʧȥ˻ƽʿ״̬Ŀơ
ŽĻԶеĻҪ¡
䣡
ƽʿ޴ˣھ޴£䶯һصײں󷽵ǽϣ̳
ʲô
һ˲㾲⾪˵һĻ¶ɫһ׷Ťͷ¶˼ɫ
Ļƽʿ֯ڵĶʩչʯߵѾ˵⡣³˴ɼûܹǹ
Ȼû뵽׷ġ֮ӡȻӵ˿µһʹݻ߽Ļƽʿ
ܵģôôǿ󣡡
ڶ¶ھɫУҲֻûк彻֡
Ȼܴ𺳵ĻԶֹˡ

Ǹӣ
ԣаͽȻҲ
忴ɲǣ˵ͱ˳
ӵͷ˵פϻһʱ䣬ܶ˶ǳϤ
ôܣ
ͬһʱ䣬ԪһлͤҲͬע⵽塣
λǾˣԺس̩֮ɽױɫ
һǣŰһ㣬µ壬˶΢΢Ϊ֮ݡ
˵ʵԪһлͤ˵˶ģرʵǿĻƽʿʵǿޱȡ
ԪһںֵʱҲǴڼȵƵλǳó;սսʱӵм侪˵ķ֮Ѿƽʿˡ
Сӣʲôʱôǿˣ
УҲͬע⵽ߵĶ
ս÷ǳһˣѷ˵ĸ֣һ½ữԼ޻ĺһΧǡ
Щ˵ʵʵ̫ǿˣ·սʽ˽Ȼͬ˵ֵҲǲ
˻˵ˣǴڿ֧ţ״̬
Եһлܵ¶ˣһսʤʵǿĻƽʿ
ַ·սһչ¶ѹʵԼ׾ٵսƬ᧿ΣսУʱһ۵
ʱ˿̣Ψһ򶨣˿ӰģҲֻˡ

žѧԴƾһһǣԸǧߵĳǿѶȳԽûʮɡ
Դӵõ֮һֱСɵľѡ侳侳Щͨ磬Сɵ𽣵Ǵ´ࡣǵʥ۷壬벽΢ּ𣬽Сɼ𽣵ԶԶˡ
£ʮ֮ڣŹ
Ǵ컯ټĪ⣬ӵ޾ĴɽԼһСĴɹʹܹڵתɰĲ
ʹֱƹ˲𽣵ǿѶȣһξ߱ʩչɼ𽣵
ʮѧÿһŶиó򣬴컯Ȼǿ󣬵ǽ棬ԶԷ棬ĹڶսУֻвһۻӵ쾡¡
ˣ
ݵڵϣΣĿ磬ɨƽʿˤĵطһ˿ɫ
ڡЩ̫Ϊʱ̫̣ûܹ׵ſŵʱĹȥڲԽԽҲԽԽܷӳſѧ
ߣִͷˣǸ֮ӣ
ʱͨڸ¹ĿкһͻȻ˵ˡ
սϣǼȫƣԪһ棬ȫǵѹ֮УΨ壬һͱˣǿĻƽʿѹס
¹Ǻչģڴĺ֮Уֻһץס壬ֻ¹жû뵽мһ·׷壬Ȼһоͻʵ׵Ļƽʿ
ɣְɣȻƽʿɲͳָɵɣ
¹׼ǰʱһۻͻȻԱ𣬽ɫͻȻˣ䣬˿ĸ顣
˲ʼնûв뵽ս֮УһȻݣһҲΪʱ׼֮Ĵͷ
֪ˣһֻСС϶ѣսɣ
У˵ɡǰ嵭ȻһЦһ˵ţһǰ޵УѸٱŷһΪ֮ɫĿֲ
Χʮ֮ڣеĿһŤ


1529 ص׼սģ

ɸոһͨڵ࣬Ԫһ˫˫˸Ӧ˿߸ݵĺ죬ɫˡ
ⲻ˵һκλɴ򽻵֮ǰڶеʱ˾ͺλɽ֣Ԫһ棬˵Ķ֡
鷳ˣǸСӿµֵס
һԱߴлͤͻȻ˵ˡǸаͽ̸кøУڣЩأʵǿĺһ򾡣ϲǲϲ˶һϵƣսܣҲһ
Ԫһû˵һ˿â˭Ҳ֪ʲô
Ǹ쵰ˣ
һ࣬ȴûô࣬ǰϴŽߣޱȵɣĶ亹ˡ֮ǰγɽʱضҡ˶˹ʱɵġ
еһΣȻһߵѹŴֻм֮֮ûУҿмܶˡ
֮ԴͨڳʱΪλںϵɣϣһܵͿ־塣
СˣûɵĶ֡°˳ϵ˶Ҫȵǳ֣һлᣬǾȫ취ͻΧߣ
һʶԱߴħ浹ûô뷨ΪаˣȺܶ˶ҪʵڹħУѾˡ
䣡
𶯣ľĿУ߸ݵкһ˲һ־˵ٶȵٶȾȻȺ¶˵ĴնݻҪöࡣ
Ϸ֮һĻۣӴѿˮ˰ʿ
㣡
ʱ˶жһһĽһ̣нƵһͷ޴ĽɽͻҪӴͻȻµϷֻɫͷ˫Ŀףһޱȣͬʱǿޱȣoĸо
Ǿ޴ĽɫͷӸ£һ˵µ壬ͬʱǰ㣬ŵµݺײ˹ȥ

ûȵ֣ϣһаԼɢоһɿֲѹŲҺ
ɵĹûִͷųӴѹѾǶãһЩ˻ţѪڵľǴѡ
ɣ
ͷз·Ҫ¶ɣĿбŷǰδеǿս⡣
Ѿ΢ʵ±ӵİιʦҪǿö࣬ȴûκȴ˼
ŴɽԵĸоеɽ΢΢̣һǿĻӿȣӿţƺ޾
廹ǵһĸ֪УѾԽ˽ķ룬Ӵļӳ£岻Ǿ񣬻ڵĸѧһ·ﵽһǰǿĵز
ھҿ΢Ĵ컯жǿɣ
ͷ죬ͷīĳ趯񽣵ļӳ£Ҳ΢΢̣ǹǿ·Ҫ
䣬û˷Ӧһݣһڵ㣬͵İεض𣬳Ϸɱֱĳȥͬʱغ޶ĵشǧӴԪͬصȫһǿӿȥ
컯
һɲǣаһ湦ӳ˾춯ص֮ǿѾаˡа˵ɽʱ򣬿¶޷֮ȡ

ӿϣ۾׷ȥ
ʱ˿ֻ̣ձһһ죬һһ£ֻȫڱΣֻǺǰͬһεӰʮֹ޴ġա¡ȫա
ԪһһĻҲ׷Ϊ֮ݡ
컯ǿĵһаһڵӿʩߵڡǴʱ˿̣Ĵ컯Ѿ˴۷壬һߵĲΣҲԽĿֲȴûжϵκӰ졣
еȫеϷġɡϡȻĴ컯Ѿõһ׵ľ磬ﵽ־磬Ѿνаˡ
ܣܣ컯ôôǿ󣡡
һɲǣ桢𾪣˻˳ȫ屬ʵ𾪵ˡ
Ԫһлͥͬ׷Ϊ֮ݡ
գֻգ۵ʱ䣬ʷǰĿֲѾϷʮɵĵطͬײݺײһ

һɲǣ쳹ء
¡¡
ضɽҡôһɲǣĵشеĹâȫʧһо޾ĺҹ֮СкûʧԽǿҡɿֲÿһÿһ붼ڲͣļײͺͷʷǰޣͣĻɡײ
еһĻͨڸɫк¹ж׷ױɫԭΪɵʵֻҪضֵ׵Ľ壬Щɽߡ
뵽Ǹ֮ӡȻ˿ֲɶʱڣ
飡
УֲµʱڤڤУһֻ޳ƣͻȻ֮һĳסͷûľ޴һס򥡣
ʲô
ҵУⷬԵ÷ǳͻأҲ΢΢һ㵣һ£ûʲôһ̣оǲ߲ͣɢһɵ
ãٴ뺣
δ䣬кһ˲佫ԼӡɹĹ壬뵽˴컯б˳¡һ̣תĵֱһУǡޡӡǡ
ⳡֲµսҲ֮仯
䣡
û˿ףƽӴĵطΪģռ̮ݣޱȣصӴ򣬾ͺһֻƵƤ򣬻ɱǰ硢ңͬһհ΢ɵͬйբ֮ˮڡ
ʲô
һɲǼ䣬е˲ɫ䣬ʱʧȥƽ򶨺ʹݡ
ڳս֮Ȼֳ˾̾ʵҪսʤе롣ֻôҲ벻ֻǱ΢ġϡȻԴԼ͵ȡ
Ѿ֮ܳΪ͵ȡˣǾ̰Ӷᣡ
̶ֻʱڣڵʧʹﵽ˾˵ĵزЩȫӿ뵽ڡ
ʵﵽ΢ڵѾʲôԺġ٣¾ųϵ˵ǾԲܵ顣û뵽һֻû΢ϣȻڻģصͬɽͰ
ȫ֪


1530 ¹ɳ֣

ʱĿɭݹǵıĵش𡣺¡һɲǼ䣬еġɽΪģһƬʱȻ˺ѣͬһʱ䣬ɫĹâҫۣһƬʱһߵȼڰգһ־˵ٶȣ͸ĳ೤ġɽӿ뵽ڡ
Ƭ˺ѵգԼֵģ֭Ŀֲ˻зӦа˺˴峤ȴƤ͵
΢
һ˳
а˺˴峤֣֮ǿͻƵ΢˰ιʦȴҲ˾ģʱڣûв뼤սԭ˻Щģܻ᲻Ƕ֡
ֻû뵽ȻȻƾŴ΢ԴΪֱӴǸĸߵȿռ䣬΢
¡
һ̣غһӴģΪ֮ɫĿֲڱֻ˲Ϣ䣬һɻصɫ̫֮ҫǧٱϱ
һֺƵֻһʿգҲʿͷϷֻɽͰĽ
䣡
ȺľУɲҽһɢɫ˲ѩɢֻһ߸СӰͬ߷ݰ˳ȥݺݵںʮ׸ߵұϣڼӲұҳһƬ̮ݣʯ̳׷״ұ

С飬̮ݵұ׹һɲǣеĺˣ¶ڣ׷ױɫرǿԻƽʿĶ죬Ƥֹ
ֻ֪ɡں֯ڲӵʲôĵλʵǿˣҲʾԲɵĶ֡
֮һ޴Ĺ֣
ֻôҲû뵽֮ǰҪǣһ·Ӿʦӵ壬ȻԻһˡ
֮УɡȻģȴҲԲķ߿Աġ
ôܣ
һɲǣ¶춸۾һƬκˡһΣоԼԶԶ͹֮ӡ

һ࣬ڿзתһܣֳֳݵµϡ
䣡
̫ˣ
ɱЩˣ
аͽаͽ

˫صɲǣͺһǿһɲǼ䣬ȺһƬȻһ߸߾ŵѩ˷ޱȡЩ˵ʵʵ̫ǿ̫ǿˣ浽˶ͬ㱻ɱ
ЩϵҪȫɱɾ
Ļ̻̣ʱʵ̫Ҫһĵǿˡ
˳һ࣬˵ʿ䣬ͨڸɫѿޱȡ
ˣ
ɫлû˵һԵ¹УҲ¹ȴǶһǰĿûˣֱȺеϡ
ɣϵٹ͵λк˶ηĴڣɵǰ˿ԷȻôǰһˣֱԭ¡
ɵɣ
¹ͻȻڵͲţ仰ȴǶĻ˵ġ
ͨڣһԲֻһâû֪ʲô
¹ɻΪһ壬Իɵĵλߣʵǿڳ£¹ҲΨհȡ֮ͬ󷽿ж
š
ã΢΢˵ͷ
ߣ
õɵ׿ϣ¹ŲĳǰȥĲ˫֮ĲҲ󣬵ÿһ̤һַ籩ǿĸо
ֹˣ¹ɻǰȥһɱϢޱ޼ʣȻϱռ䣬ֻɲǼ䣬Ƭĵش¶ͺ׵׹뵽˱ѩصĺһ㡣
ˣ
¹ɵľٶԭܻȺͻȻ֮䰲˷㾲˵Ŀ׷׻е¹ɵϣٴαý
һߺͷʶ˿ĭȺе塣
岢ˣĳ̶ֳȸ׼ȷ˵һаͽʱѾûںһˡʱ˿̣ΨһܹԿĪ⣬ޱȵĺģҲֻˡ
˵ȫάϵϣѾΨһϣ
벻ǵģȻݵаͽ
һƬžУлͤͻȻˣĮޱ飬û˿¶ȴ΢΢Щӡ
Ԫһлͤ鼫Ϊ֮߰һط˾Ըһ˿һϵǴʱ˿̣һѾɲˡ㲻ΪԼҲ뿼ǿ˵ӡ
֮ǰѴĴ𶯣ӦþġǱӦҲǴ˵еĴɽֻڵսģƾһ˵»սʤЩˡ
СҪǵİ
ⷬлͤԪһǴܽģⷬضᾪ̾ѣΪ֮ǰɽϵʱлͤλһֱ취Ҫɱġ
ڣһҪ壬֮ħаۼߡ
ţ
Ԫһû˵йâһֻ΢΢һǾһš֣ϤлͤУѾ̫ˡ
Сӣ㻹󰡣
ʱһͻȻ˶ͨǰɴ¹ͣ½ŲͻȻ˵ˡϸűĽߣȫϵı顣
ǻ͸¶ĺ⣬ȴľѡ
Ǻǣ󣡶Ҳϻûɱң
΢΢һЦͻȻˡ
ΪˣƾǿִվսʤӵһĻᡣΣԼʹ֮ǰǾģҲûκ׵ȡԼ
˼¹Ȼˡ
ߣ𣿡
ɫϣһ˫۾һ⣬һ̣¹ˡ
䣡
û˿ףͨΧʮڣ˰Хţֱա¹ɵȴѾ·һ㣬˲ʧ֮С
Сģ
а˲Ӷд
İɣʦ
һʶа˺˴峤Ժл죬һ̣ͬʧ֮С
Щһһ¹ɵʵɻҪǿö࣬ٶȸޱȡҲһǵΣֻǲ¹ɵٶж죬˵ʵʻľ鲼գûκεܹùʶ
ҵˣ
ʯ䣬һͷӹԺⰵյĵصף˻ĲѰ¹ɵټʱ΢ͷ˫΢գʶѾ׽¹ɵλá
бϷʮ׵ĵط


1531 
¡
һ̣˵ĿУʯײ㣬еĶǿҵײһ𡣺¡¡ҡضƥķͬصľ˰㱬ը
˵ĿУʮ׵ĸߴ¹ɺһһңһһףͷ·һ㣬ҵײһޱ޼ʵҫ۹â˼۾
Ⱥ¹

ƺƣľսĿУ¹ɺ˶𡣺¡¡һ¹ƺƵִֻĽɫޱۣᣬͬɽһ㣬֮٣Ӹ򣬳ҵĺ
Ⱥ¹
ֻ޴ı۰ȻҲ¹Ⱥˡƴ¹ֻʹֻ۰򣬾Ѿ˺˴ϷĻ֣֮ͬ󣬿֪
ɷĹϣԪһ˶׷ױɫ
˵ж¶˵ǵɫ¹ɵʵֲ̫֮ɻҪ¡һսܣ˿Ҳֻ·һ
ֻǣԪһе¹ɣȻ͹壡
һȵģֲ΢糱ˮһ㣬˷ӿ뵽ڣЩߵȼƶ£һϢˮǴߣҲŴﵽһ˵ĵز
Ҫǣں¹ɽֵһɲǣʶû˿ԥ˲뵽˻öزصġɫӡ֮УҲͨ˴ƾλľǿߣδ֮ʶ
컯СǬȿУԽһӵһΪڴɹľĳЩ棬ԹۣҪɹľȻһҲС
ΪֲĽֻǼ򵥵ֱֱȥһŽ̺֮ͬһʽ׵ĿֲСֻǣ֮ǰһֱСɵĵزɶûҪʩչǿеľȻǲܡ
ǣʱǨһжѾͬ

ӡɫӡ򵽵ĵһоѧ嶼û뵽ǰȻڰɫӵһʶҽǿѧ
¡¡
ҡضһǿģԽʱռĻ⣬ϳǹɴġģɱĽ⣬ɨգ̺һﶼΪֲ֮
һֻΪɱ
ɱ
ߣҲľѧΪɱ¾ֻмµɱ¾ܷӳµĽԷؼ仹ʲôܷ
˽һ뵽Ľ֮УͻȻ֮Щ׵ģôδƵľʱ䣬Ϊʲôž󣬴ݣӲӦžѧκһˡ
Žɱ¾̫أ
ⱾǸ׼һԡɱ¾ľǸ
ֻڱ߹صĴУžѧܷӳ
䣡
ͷոԺһ̣Ľͺ¹ҵײһ
ֻһһΪס¹ɵȺ¹
С򡪡
¹񣬸˵һ򲻹ģһ̣䣬ԺһһɰĻԽ⣬羪һ㣬صĺ¹ɵԺ
һĻԽѸٱɢɢɳǧƣѸٵʴ¹ɵʶ
ɲǼ䣬¹ɫ䣬ȻֹĻҲ˵
ΪסĽУû뵽Ľ˵Ŀ£ס˽ûã뵲סһޱȵĽ⡣
ֻһ¹ɵʶܵ˲ٵʴ
¹һݣеӺ弤ҵսһ
쵰ҶҪ
¹ͫһбŷһɱͬһʱ䣬ִĽɫޱۣһ㣬Ӹҵĺ
ִɱۣÿһɽ֮ҹֺֿݣλ仯˷ʤ
Ǿƣе߶ɫɷףʶĭ
Ԫһлͤ棬ˣҲɫأԳؼɵ
¹ɵʵǿǿľеһֱۣǾмܣȻͬʱסԷɱۡ
ɣҿжٱ£
оⱬѣɫĽҫ۴Ŀ¹ɵĽɫҵײһ
ս쳹ա
ǿԽǿ
Ըеһɫ¹Ӵʵͨ˵ľսηǶ˵ⷴԽǿҵս⡣
䣡
һѵأ·𺣳һľ졣һɫֺƵӶʮɣһѵ֮ƣݺݵնһ޴Ľɫɱۡ
ûȵһʧҡضŵڶɫٴγ
ĵĽ罭һ㣬һһǰͺ̣ÿһ·Ҫ˺һ㡣
ЩֲĽУͭľ޴ɱ۲ϵײһÿһײɽѣ߰ڣǺȻʧɫ
ôܣСӵʵôôǿ󣡡
ʱ˿̣Ϊ𺳵ľ֮ǰҪ׷ɱ壬ڿСӡСӡˡ
ⳡսʼ֮ǰȫġΪг𣬶ΪЩʵʵ̫ǿ̫ǿǰսȫ֪
̶ֻһʱѣû뵽˾ͺ̥һʵǿò˼顣
֮ǰչ˿µΪͲȥ鷳˵׷ɱֻԽԶԽá
Ԫһе˵𺳣һ㶼١
Ԫһлͤλ˵ͷգйâͣ˸
Ǿ׵սӳУһ仰˵ⳡսĳ̶ֳѾ
䣡
бըڶ¹֮䣬Ȱ仯սѽѷ֡
¹ɵɵѧȻĲҲһ㲻
¹ٶϵԼϵƣȫʵʻľԼϱ͹׵
˽֣һˣƬĵشɷ籩֮ء
ХĿɽϯ£ͣײŷ籩ڵұڡ
ԶŨܵϡ࣬ʯһŵƻ𣬶Ϩ˾ųϣֻʯĩˣյƻҡҡλΣɢ΢Ĺâ
¹ԽԽľѾʩչ˻ǾȻǳٳٸɲ塣
΢ķˣҵҪܳŵʲôʱ򣡡
¹дǵһǿĶ֣ô棬ⳡսֱ澡ʧһ̣һĲӵ洫¹ֻ΢΢һ£ʱɫ


1532 Ԫһİ
һȺûõĶ
һͻȻӵ洫ͨǰһֻŲͻȻǰһں˵󣬽ɫУ˵еġɡڳˣ
󣬻Ҫҳ𣿡
¹ǿ˾Ȼòһʮ߰Сӣûڸоһ˿ͷ
°ɣ
Ǻ㣬սϷ죬˶΢΢顣δ䣬ûиյ¹ԷӦͻرܵʱ䣬ɻһɽɫϢƥͬ˰һȦȦܣѳ𣬳˸߿¹ɡ
Сģ
ס
ͬһʱ䣬оΣգаˡ˴峤Ԫһлͥ桢桢ħɫ΢䣬ȫεض𣬳ɣǵأɽӸɡ
ڳУʵΪߡ
սɡ¹ɣһɡʧܣ˵³Ժòȥ
һ㣬ûκȴȫһ¡
䣡
ƺƣ䣬ӿϯΧʯ䣬˵Ĺȫʵʵ˻ϣȻĽȴĽȻͬ¡¡ɫĹâէ֣һģ֮¹ɻҪµöɽҵıֻһУͬɨҶ㣬аˡ˴峤Ԫһлͥȫɨصˤ˷
ٶȲ˶ȥ
ã
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳо·ı仯ʯ䣬ֻüͷƳһۣͿһֻɫĻצСмȻصĺԼϡ
¡
ֻһԺɶ൱ġǻԵĽڣ˲ϢȫɽХ㣬ĻԾ׵Ļ
û˿µ˼µıըԺͻԣ˵Ԫһ֮ˣɡ¹ڣȫĶ֡
˫֮Ĳ࣬Ե

ĲҽɫĽ飬УһһѪȻ˴·߷ݰ˳ȥ¡һ£صڵϣھ޴ĳ£Զ󻬵ıԵͷ­棬ֻһ㣬Ҫ׹Ԩ
ۣ
޴ĳͻԣʹͣɲǣɵٴһѪ飬ѪܣĿľһǣֱӾͽľʵֱӴһء
УԭսġɡȻеģûгû٣ڻɳֵʱڰɣ֮ľ룬ƺԤϵ

ֻһգۣɺ¹ɺ۶һǰһ˫˫Ӱ
ɵǣȻǴ뿪
ͨǰɱ˫֣ƮƮɴзĽɫνߣĿ⣬ȴһ·ǰߣһ·ųɫʯźĩˣɫֵġɹ
ⳡжôãڵһнʱˡ
ɵǰЩߣĨǴڹһӡǣٽɹȡǼжԲɡӴԺǾٴһʧ£ûκҵõǴڹĺۼ
ɱ
ӦɵһĺɱΧһʿһţٴγǰɱȥ
½֮𡢾ݱ֮Ħֻ֮ӣЩߵֻҪմϣͻȼգһֱľΪֹ
һʩչնݵĺ˸֣ȣȺзɱ¾
ͣѪ֣һһ߾ŴУһߵֿһͼȥ
ȻǵֿǺˣ˶ͬġ飬·ոӰ㣬һǰͺ̣ϵص£˵ѪС
סǣ˾ֻ·һ
Щ쵰ҲҪǵ汳

˱ͻᱬǿķ֮ۿΧ߲ϼ٣һ˫ĿѪ죬ȫȥˡ
ϣ
ײڶսǳңˡ˷׷׼뼤սС
ôˣ
ʱ˿̣ӽµĵطа˺˴峤һһңѸ˵ԡϢ΢Ѫ߰ߵ壬۽ȥƶ΢΢
УĵľˡرǶа˵岻ĵӣ²ˣͬҲΨһҲˡ
ʦû¡
ѵ۾һ˺Ѱʹȫ
һֹĽǹɿµ΢˳ƺڣҧ㣬ʴ߾
һսǳ׵ܣʵϾ̫ˡ
ƾ񽣵΢Ŀֲǿս൱վѷ˻һ
ģһһսǼһɱһûôף
ѸתĿԶĻɣĿȻսκʱκ£˵׷
ֻǴʱ˿̣嶼ûз֣Ѫ˳˿ӿһ·ֱ˴ɽϡ
ЩѪҺûл䵽ϣǱɽ纣øɸɾ
ɽıһ˿ɫ׹⣬ֻǹɹâǳ΢սɱײڶڽߵа˺˴峤ûз֡
ǰɱ󣬻ɿߣһ֮󣬱ûнŸһȻ۷ʱ޷սʤԼô˵£͸ӲǶ֡
ȴּΪҪĴϢ֮
ȱ˵ˡ
岻ͣתʱа˺˴峤ҲһһңһưϣתڵΪˡҲʱ򣬺䣬غһɰŨӲԶƿնһ·ӵص׺ڡ
еĻҪǿ󣬸һڣ֫ٺÿһϸ֮Уڵơ
ԭԻа˺˴峤ҪָҲҪܳʱ䡣
ǵõԭľۿɼٶȻָȫشҲ»
̶ֻʱڣʮȥʣµĲҲǹ֧£Ѹٻָ
Ԫһ
ͬʱаˡ˴峤ǻһ𣬶Ťͷ˳ǹķԶԪһƺƣ˳Աһͬλڣһȫֿ


1533 нѣ
ʵǰΣλҲǶѳţȻƴȫȻں˵Ĺ½ڽڰˣһ˵ĵӲϵڵϡԪһлͤɫ԰ףķǳ֮
аۣҲлңԹаڣҲȻǡٲ˶ֻ·һȳȻ߸·
ԪһɫӲǳȴû˿ԥ䣬˵ʱ򣬴𶯣ɳһһҺ뵽аۺ˴峤ڡ
֮ǰǿг΢һԸιʦҲ˾ήң޴ĴۣҲܵٵĳ𶯡
ȻѾȫϢҪٵʱָڣõԪһİ˵߰˰ˡ
ˡ棬Ԫһĳϵڶɽп»û˸ҳƵһ
ߣ̶𣿡
Ԫһ˵ʱԶ¹ɺվһжһ˿â飬һ̣һΣƿնϮˡ
¹һ˶ʱ׷ױɫÿжоһӴѹ
ͤס
ԪһͻȻڵ
δ䣬䣬ХлͤһεضͬʱƷ˫İ˻ϴֺ㳯Űе¹ɺȥ
ڣ
񹦣
ͬʱһ󱩺쳹գâһа˺˴峤ͬƿնȥлͤΪ˸Ҳ¼еĶ֣ƾһ֮Ȼס¹ּĸ֡
ߣ΢ϣȻ뷴񡣡
ͬһʱ̣ԶҲһ˿ɱͬεض𣬳ķ
֮ǰսУɱ˵òᣬڣĿϢƻžҲΪˣɶҲӵķߺޡ
Ŀ֮£ô˿ţһ߸ϵġ񡱾Ȼһϻܣ޴档
㣡
һĽٴɵӰѸʧȡ֮ͷɽͰľ޴ֻǺ֮ǰȣͷͭǽڰĽɫࡣ
ΣһǼа˺˴峤ҲĶ֡
桢棬Ǽ֣
ʱһ󱩺ȴȴʱǱȳ
СӣȻϷ򣡡
ҧгݣߺ޲ѡ
ŭŭʱаû˿ԥ˲εض𣬳Űеɺȥ
ײ£
ݣ
ħ
У̹񺿣аʬаǣ£޾ĴԴԴϻ뵽˵ʽУǹǿޱȡ

ͬһʱ䣬һȴһΣʩչͬⳡսС
һУֻмʵԱ棬ΪƵġսһʼͼ뵽˼ҵսУΪǰߵԿź˵Ľ
䣡
ֻգۼ䣬ҡضڰоҵսһ
ɻ¹ɣǵǿѾ˷ߵڲ˵һֱΪ۷ռЩȴչʾЩɾ֮ϣһΪ磡
֮ǰǷսվǷã˵ɣֻǹΪĵ¹ɣȫ۷״̬
ʱ˿̣ûеսԪһֻ桢ǣȻʵ죬Ҫ֧һʱᣬȫûġ
˵Ψһעľֻһˡ
ɣ
ɸĸоȫͬ
ݵǿ߶ƴÿ˶ܽȫǶڻ˵ټҵսУҼң֮ͬͯϷ㡣
֪ɵʵѾǿһ̶ȣУεŬǴ
ҴĽǶȿȥɱ˫֣ϴĽߣһ˫սϣԽɹ忴Ŀйâƺ˼ƽɹĽɫơ
ΣҪ
ǰסеĴɽ
ǵʱ䲻ˣһɵעԶĴɹƿܿͶսǸʱ˵ڡ
Щ˵ʵʵ̫ǿˣǼҲǵĶ֣ȥ˶ҪɥڴˣɽжһȫֱǴδй飡
ʱһϤӶߴŷ㲻֪ʲôʱߡɫѪ߰ߣ˷ǳ
ⳡս˵ʧеĻҪڵսеĹؼһ㣬ŷκ˶Ҫס
û˵ָֻ΢΢һ£ܿɿ
ǣģ
ǰͷҲûصڵηǳϾһ˭ףֻǣҲûа취
ȻʵǿҪɱôˣûôף

仰ŷ㵡
ȴûнͣһ̣ľƿնϵԶ̳Եһôʱ䣬ġн𡱼ڷãڵڿԶһˣ
һɣ
ʯ䣬һ쳹ء
ӰˣԶĩˣ̳ԵһֱϥأһһͻȻһ¡һССĶƬĵشرĻҳȻһ£΢΢߶ߡ
ͬʱڼսеɡ¹ɣԼͨ˼ƽɹĻɣ׷׸оʲôȫŤͷһڵķ򣬻ıɫ
رǻɣƤ֮ǰ̩ȻأȻͬ
ˣ
Ҳʱ򣬴֮ǰĸһʱ䣬һӴ͸һµļ̳Լʯź뵽޾Ԩ·ɲǼ䣬ϣһ˷ޱȣ˵Ķ
Ϣʱ䣬ԭڼ̳ԵѾһȻ֮䱬һǿޱȵϢһԼα˵ٶ
䣬ֻԭʹͷһȻ̧֮ͷͬһʱ䣬һӴƴƿնգ漴һϷɱһƬģ
ô£
ʲôˣ
ÿ˶оǹӴ󡢿ֲͬɽͰǿѹͻȻıʣңִټ֪ʲô
ǰɵɫ˲ϢҲûп̻Ի͵ĴɹһǣǿĻҲоһӴѹ


1534 һ
ֻƬ̣Ŀ磬עѸٴԶյһתƵϡ
Сӣ
ĿһжȻŷһɱ
ȻʼЩ㵣ԻɵΪܿһ֮Ĺ
һҪ𣡡
δ䣬˲Ϣεض֮٣ս󷽣ӽ´塣
ˣ
һ̣˵壬ԱߵŷҲоһΣѵĿֲϢ
Իɵʵһ˹˱ɡ
һ
ʯ䣬Ȼһ춯ص˻
˵ʱʱ죬˻ͬʱϣ˲Ϣ䣬ĳϽнƿն飬̫еʯ鲼գȺǹ°㻷һΧЩɽһֵʱ򣬻ͨģһգ۶ͳͳɺɫΪɫǻԻ͵Ĺâ̫Ҫҫۡ
䣡
һǻգһ̣һ˲ʧ˼̳ϡУֻһհϢЮųǧĽɫ⽣Ի貣ʯһ˵Ļȥ
䣬ֻһգۣѾ󲿷Ŀֲײһôһɲǣ˵ĸ֪Уͬʱն·ֹؼеʧ
һ̣ƥӿȣͬ˰ɨ˷
飡
磬ϣһ߷ӦУȫ죬һѪͬһ˵ϣϢޡ
ʮ׵ұϣͣ絶ӹһĹۣʯ׷׵
ˣˣ
һ󾪻ŵĽ쳹أһͻɽֵ̫ɲನͿԽһɽֻǻ侳ǿߣҲ˲ˡһǽֵ򣬾ֻ·һ
УһͻɵĽֲŸոտʼ
ϣ򽣳ɫĳϽнһָ£ΪһƬֺ׳Ľɫ籩ǵأɽŻɺݺݺ˹ȥ
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ǵصĽضΪ֮ʧɫֻһ˻ɵĻıըУǿԽԵƽɺݺҷɳȥ
飬ƵһĪܵһȻǿµڿлʮס
һɲǣɶʱ΢΢ɫʱʽ΢ǧܹﵽʥ۷壬󽫼ǼΪס
ܹﵽ۷壬Ԫһּģ޼
ܹǧӱһٴƿ̽ߵϰ̤΢ͿԳƵеľţˣɣ¹ɶּǿߡ
ﵽɵļ𣬶¾ųɾŵ˵ֱ룬ԼһԸǳףҲһǻɵĶ֡
ǰһȫ룬Ǵɾ״ӣʵɲ⣬ǵعе֮ǿߡһڵĴʱʢһʱ֮䣬ȻԻɵʵҲֵס
䣡
ûȻɷӦڽɳȥͬʱһ趯Ŀ⿴ǰɣһֱֻ۸߸߾ɲǼ䣬򽣳һɵĽ˷۶գۼ䣬һʮ׳ɫ콣͵شһƿն
ֵͬʱһŤһ־Եġʮ족ֺ׳Ȼһ
Ǻǰ˲ͬһġʮ족ΡȻʣϸȥȻʮŲ֮ÿһ㶼ڣׯأ˵ĸоΪ𺳡
䣬𶯣غһһóֻɫĴ޽ƿգɽֻһͻؿռ䡣ڽֵͬʱ˶Ļɡ
¡¡һֱӽɳȥݺݵں󷽵ұϣ̳ǻԵֱڼӲұըһ޴ĿӶƬʯţϷ

ϣһ󾪺һĻеĺ˶ˡɺ¹ɶע⵽ߵĶ϶¶˼𺳵ɫ
ɵʵǿޱȣԶеκһҪǿΪжеǿߣɶֵסһԽûһĶ֡
ôһʵôôǿ󣡡
⵽ô£һǶѾ𣿸ոսʱϢﳹʧˣΪʲôս
ȻռžԵϷ磬һ̣ȴѾ̲סľеȲˡ
ʵǿɺ¹ɶ˲ЩͨеĿֻŸǿ֪
ڣ
˲ͬһͻɽֵûκȴ˼ּսನвʯ䣬ĿһѸںԪһ˽ֵɺ¹ɡ
ʵȻǻɵĶ֣ҪԸ¹ɣǴ´ࡣ
䣡
ʯ䣬һݣûԵŷ㷴ӦһĹ켣˾Ѿ㳯е˹ȥ
˳ȥͬʱֻоһȣһɰɫ·׵һ㣬ӴɽȻӿڡ
õɾİ˶ʱʵ˾Ҳӡ
ãСӣ
УɵĻҪƾ΢ӴʵһߵԪһ漸ˣȻ֮оϢƽ˲ɫ
΢౬һڻľѡ
ˣ
ʯ䣬ϸ룬һԪһ棬ĵͷ͵һƺ塣
ɷ̤
ɵıȣڤڤУһֻ޴Ľɫɽ壬ȼܵĽɫ棬ЮŻԵ̤
һлû£գۼڶֻֻɽľ޴Ծ˵ٶȣŴշ̤
ɷ̤ȡþȺܼ̤⾳ֻУһκ΢µߣһЩ΢ǿΪ֮ҷ
ֻɻǵ͹ʵ
䣡
ʯ䣬ֻһɽѵľ죬ʮѧйΪǿĽһѧٴڵص֡
ˣֻһˮ˰ʿٱһֱӹᴩʮ׵Ŀռ䣬һնеɣɽĽɫӰֻոճ֣

ֻһĲҽУ˫ؿڣ߷һ㣬ɳȥؿڣѪӿѪҺȻʺ֮͸һ㵭Ľɫͨ˵Ѫȫͬ
㣬㣬Ȼ˺ҵ壬СӣҪ
ͷĽѵ䣬ͷڵĳɢŤݺݵĶ壬¶ɱ⡣
һǣɱ̼˫Ѫ죬ޱȡ


1535 Ťתս֣
䣡
һ̣ҧгݣܲˣ͵س˹ͬһͷҰһ㡣ֻȭ΢ĸߵȼһ㣬塣
˺ܼıըڶ
Ϊ߸ϵġɡɺôǰѪһնţһĽۣȴҲͬʶķ
һ˿Ĵ̼ϣʱڣɵʵȻҲθһأʽ󿪴ϣľѡ
ûᣡ
ȻԤϣһĻ岻ϲһ˵鷳˵ѡ˱ᣬǶ˵ⷴǹʱ
棬һ֣ɵɣ
쳹ա
СӣΪ˭ϷƾʲôҪģ
һбɲǴɽеľ뢣а¹ţȫײа߶ˣ˵аˡ
Ҫ浱ô˵һСӵôҵס
ã
ԤϣȻһ㶼¶һ˿Цݣ
棬֪˾ľľԸûһǶסЩˣ취ûܡȻˡҲˣһֶԸ¹ɣˣӦûڶԸ֮ǰ˳¾˵ˣ
仰һˡ
˵ⷬԪһԲҲԪһôɣǰСӣԸɵĳ
˵
к޵Ҫȴƫƫûа취
ݣϷϻ𣡡
δ䣬һɱȥ
һ࣬˷ζҪըˣֻǷŭ񣬲ҲϹǼȻ棬ôԸԼֱǳ衣

ɫҲ룬͵һȭ˺ǰĸߵȼɽХһ㣬壬Ԫһ漸˺ݺݵĺ
䣡
һɲǣ˷·һ㣬볯ݶȥ
Ϲˣ
ͬʱɱŭķӦԪһйâһ֪Ѿɹмˡ
䣬û˿ԥʽϵɲǣһȳɹȥ󷽣Ԫһϡ
䣬һɵĺ󱳣һĽۣ˲ɫ
һУУСԪһĬ˲ץסɱŭ̼ʧȥǣ¶һ˿ᣬͰɱ뵽˼ȵı֮С
һѹɶʱ޴֮УûзתĻᡣ
ͣѪ䣬ÿһƴֻУɾѾˣǼġ
ɵʵҪѹףҪôһ˺ۣûôסֻһΣ̼ʧȥǣѾ˵֮Уֻʱ⡣
һ࣬ܵսӰ죬ں˸лͤ棬ħ漤ս¹ɣɫԲеʱҲЩҡ
¹ɵʵ֮ɻҪǿⳡսУлͤǲǱһǰȥȵԪһǽɣ͸ֵˡ
רȸɵʵɣȥԸ¹ɣ˵սȻһʼͷǳȷ
ս˹עģһͻɵս
䣡
ʯ䣬ǧķɽޱȣһֺƵ·ضҪ˺ĽݺնĻɡֻһ춯صľ죬ǻֺĽԺ֮նڻұϡ
Ӳұֱӱһʮɳһ߶߶Ľۣʯϴӿ׹䣬ǿֲõһľսֲѡ
ɸɫ䣬亹乣Ǳѡ
ˣ죬ɵʵǰһǰһء
䣡
ֲĽӶ಻ϣͣնɣûиκεĴϢ֮
ɵٶһǰȫռƣһĽޱȣɵùһУȴڶС
ֻһ̶ʱڣٱһֲĽ߰˴Ρ
ɫ԰ףң¶ӿѪڻɵǴδйġ
һĳ֣ѾȫŤתⳡս֡
ɣҪˣȺְɣһƽʿȫסǸ֮ӣ
ʱһ쳹أδ䣬¹͵ذǿллͤˣȻһŰеһ˶ȥ
ȺɄ
ֻһŭȣУɫϼɲǼ䣬һִĽɫޱ۴ɽ壬һ㣬һȥ
ã
һĻͻɲǼ䣬˲ɫ
¹ɵķӦƾĻҪ죬һ۾ͿֻҪһ˸ΪǡʵϣһҲȷʵû
õ¹ɵѣҲ˲⣬䣬ƾӲһԪһһƣۣ͵һѪȻܲˣΪۣ¹һһȥ
סǣ
˲Ϣ䣬嶸ıɫ¹ǳɹ˵ͻһˡû˱ףһͬʱ΢ǿߵĹ
飡
ʯ䣬壬Ԫһ棬滹а۵˷׷׳¹ɺȥ
ֻǻû˹ȥϣһ˵ıըͬһʱ䣬һϤ˶
ߣߵ𣡡
δ䣬һֻ޴ɫȭͷƴӵ泯˺
ڻƽʿֵͬʱˣԼͬĺ˸ַܲض
Ŀӹʱ¶ļɵ֮ǰһǸӰ
ʱѾ˲ôˡ
֮ŭ
նݣ
Ԩ֮У
ʯ䣬ͬ߰ͬĶǿߣ˷˶
Щ˱ڵаɸּսģûǶǰһȺܵصĴ
һƬĲҽУĺ˷׷˵ڵء
üͷûһ£˵Щͨ֯ԱأΪ񣬲ˣǶ⡣

һ˸ַܲ˹Ҳ룬һ


1536 ֮
䣬ʵǿĻƽʿڶ˸ַ׷ױһɣݺҵұϣĺ˸Ҳ׷ױԪһɡ
ʱ¹ɵĿѾɹﵽһ֣Ӻ󷽳һ˹ȥ
壡
ʯ䣬ԪһͻȻڽеɽĶ뢣棬ڣıɫ
ԭ˵õľ棬һǶʱ᧿Σ
¹ɵһԣʱ뵽˼䲻ĵλֻǴʱ˿̣Ѿް취
ҪԶ٣ûôף
˵ʱʱ죬ۿ¹ɾҪ֣ʯ䣬ͻȻһ
¡
ԶսʵǿȴӵһͻȻ˶
û˷Ӧһɽѣ𣬾˵ĿУһϵĹͻȻһΪǻֺƵĴ޽ѵأնĻɡ
ǳǧĽɫϽͲнȺһ㣬ǵأɺ¹ɡ
ʲô
һɲǼ䣬¹ɺɶ۾˲ɫ
һĻͻһѾǸˣ¹ѹû뵽һȻı仯
쵰
ʯ䣬Ӵ¹ɵԺһӶ˲Ϣ䣬¹ɵɫʱѿޱȡ
ûͷҲ֪һĹ͡
һ򵥵ĶĿȫ׷ϡ
Ȼ¹ȥ룬ϣɽХǵصķɽâĿյһ㣬գԲ˼ٶȣ¹ɺǵصķ
ণ
һХ쳹գʯ䣬¹ֻüǿһȺ֮ŭȻһ籩ǵأն곹û
䣡
һըŭڶȻ㾡ȫֵǳǧĽɫɽĿҲѾﵽ
ûᣡ
˱һ޽סɲǣĿйâһȥδˣâƺƣһֺɫƽɽ㣬Ȼ¡
˿ɲǣһѾննƻ¹ɡ
֮ˮʿϴ⻬羵
¹֮Уǿ¹߲֮ͣ䣬ȴƫƫѶԸġ
ո巴Ӧ죬ֻѾˡ
΢ϣһҪ㸶ۣ
һ࣬¹ҲðεжһжԤ֮УΨû뵽ģ¡
ġȻǸ죬֮ǰ¹ɺƽɫʱ
䣡
û˿ԥ¹ĽɫϼƵֻɫĴִɱۣ֮¹ɵӻҪӴö࣬͵֮٣ݺݺ˹ȥ
䣡
նѵأɱɫֻɫɱһҵײһɲͬײķΧնģԶԶȥͬĻһ㡣
Сӣ
¹ɵıڶʩչиҪɵʱ̣һ̣벻鷢ˡʯ䣬ֻһϵȻû¹ɵڡ
ã
¹ɫһ䣬оһڵʱһ飬ԭĶϸ΢ͣͣЩϣ¶һ˿
䣡
Ҳʱ֮䶸ȻΪһƬ磬ʱյ屬ġһΪ֮ٺ£ٴν
ͬһΣ̫֮ҪĿɫоȻ̺һ˿ɫϵХ£ֻһɲĽһ¹ɣһݺݵɳȥ
¡
ұڱը̳¹ɵһڵ㣬ݺݵҽҲ֮С
ǣ
֮УƤһоһЩƽͬѰĵطһ¹ܵٶȣĻҪ졣
ֹˣоеġɽƺҲһЩ仯
һֱΪɽǿľ̺Լ߱ɹתЧʱͻȻоɽڲƺһ
ƺֹͨĸߵȼô򵥣
ˣ
һ̣û˿ԥһһϸ΢ľʵʣƿնڽ뵽˴ɽڲ
忴һϵι֣һɫĹǹ׭Ҳ׭ĳֿӹϵ֡
֮ǰûм˹ϵӡǡ
֮ʯ֣
Ҳ룬֮ʯ
20000㣬ʼ
УһǿĹŴӡӡϵǡ֮ע⣬Уδɡ
ڣ֮ʯ˿ĸ飬˲Ժ
֮
ɫһ㵣Ϊ⡣
ûȵ룬һ̣һ޴ĽɫɱָۣȭѾӭ
ֻɱۺ֮ǰͬҪԽĴ׳ǿ

ֻɱСѸٽӽЦһԥʩչ˲еĵڶоѧ
¾
ʯ䣬콣ͬʱ𣬾ֵɲǣؼ񺿣ɱ£ŤӰ仯Ȼֳħʬǡ
һɲǵ壬ͺؼµһ㣬ΪؼֲĴڡ
ʲô
һĻ¹ɴʧɫһ֮ǰδҲ֪Ϊʲôһиĸоֲ֮֮ǰκһҪµöࡣ
ʯ䣬һû¹ɵĽɫɱۺ֮һ顣ƲЪһᴩ¹ɣԶұϡ
ۣ
¹ɻһ͵ſһں͸Ѫ˾ѸήңϢҲ䡣
սһλ¹ˡ
һϣ
һѹ¹ɵʱлͤԪһҲɡ
϶ҧ֮ǰս˴΢ߵȼԪһ˵Χ˶ʱ֧穣Ҳǳ¡
ЩϣȻҺԿҪһʬΣ
Ĺ˷ӿ־ŭ
һȫܵ¹ٻŹġ֯ڲһֱϰ˸߸ϣ˾ĸоȻᱻһЩ׵ķ˱Ƶֵز
䣬һӰ͵ں󷽼Ӳұϡ
¹ɣ
ɳȥ¹ɣɻһһ
һ
ĿһƳԶޱȣԽսԽµ壬˶ıɫ


1537 ߴɸ
οʼöԺ˼䲻¹ɣ˱ԪһѹסĺʿͬҲԵֵĲҽУĺ˷׷ױһаֻɱ
ѪǾݱ֮Ħ֮𣬴ʱҲֵסˡ
ɱǣ
ɵЩ쵰
ҲҪ£Ѿǿ֮ĩڣǾԲǵĶ֣

ʱ˿̣嶼벻˻аˣٲȻѾսĺģһںսռϷеаܹ裬һս
˳һ࣬¶˵ȵɫǳѿһжǳôˣһȺ׵ɱ˲أǾΪЦˡ
ˣ
ʱ˿̣һطͬʱҲսҪĵطʵǿĻѱǰһĻĻ̼û
¹ˣ֧穣ϱɽǰĹ꣬һͣХһЩȫĴ̼Żɣһ˫ͨޱȡ
ڻ˼ʱϣҫ۵ĽУһ磬գۼһݺݺ㾡ȫȫǰһ̵ɵݣȻһУݺݵĺɳȥ
һĹ󿪴ϣȴܼ࣬ڹĹУֻأ¶ܴҲȻˡ
ʵϣҲȷʵҪ˼Ϊһǧ֮꣬£ɵĹ˼Ҫöࡣ
ֹˣһĹȻɼشϵĹ꣬ҲڲͣŻ΢ߵȼȥһǰܱɱҲǳ¡
䣡
򽣺һһ£ǰٴɳȥһұϡ
꣡
һαһɣǯʮָսָؽ졣һ˿Ĺâ
Щ࣡ΪһˣܺҶԿ𣡡
ͻȻ֮䣬һޱȣ˶
䣬δ䣬һӴϢ˲ӻɵڱ
һ籩ĹУɱѾڽڰˣҲģһɲǣھȻһɣ֮֮ǰҪӴ
ͻȻı仯˵ע⡣
ˣ
üͷһǱܵ˹ȥ
ֻԭһֱˣһǰȫƵĻɣͻȻĹâĹâһɫĴ⣬ӲȻסһǵصĽ
ǳǧķɽܼ꣬ͣײڻɵĴϣĻ𻨣ȴȫɵ
һǱѵصĻֺ뽣صնڻĴϣҲֻһشⶸȻһ£漴ܿͻָ
˳Ŵȥһ۾ͿɵĶͷȻͬˮ㣬ɢģȻһѽɫСͷ
СͷͨɫǸеĵطȴһƬɫһּΣյĸо
ã
ʯ䣬ֻƳһۣ˲ɫ
岢ûмͷǶڸͷϵֲİ

ɶͷϸֵСͷͰιʦϵѪĸоһģһ
һɲǣһһּ䲻ĸо
ʦ峤棬ȱˣϽԸɣ
Ҳȳδ䣬͵һѾ˵ɣŤͷŻȥ
һ࣬аˣ˴峤ԪһˣĻҲɫ΢ݣ׷ԼĶ֣Żȥ
ķӦν죬ֻϧԻֲǿ߻ˡ
ûܰұƵֵزЩϣҪΪ˸ۣ
ɷŭ쳹ء
ĵĽɫСͷʱɫԽҡ
ߴɸ
һɸոջͲãǿı
Ѿţ֮µһϵйͣŻʹ͡
ֻǷ̫ǿټϻõʱ䲻ãԻɳٳûн
ɹ֮ǰóȻãмΣշɣҲǻһʼʱѹûõԭ
ֻǴʱ˿̣Ѿܲˡ
䣡
ʯ䣬ڰеһһɲǣкһǱߴСΪһߴСĽɫͷ͵سǰһ
һɲҡضʱ·һӹΧʮ֮ڣռŤͬľӰ㣬¶һɫѷ졣
ڿռɲǣɺԥ͵һ˹ȥ
ɲǼ䣬ֻһһĴ޽˲ѣһǣǧƵķɽһķѣ󰵵ӿе

һĻ塢аˡԪһ˶ɷ׷ױɫ
ҵҪǵ׻ʲô£
۾΢һ˫㣬Ƴ˶һڶͷ
꣬飬ǧɽһͷΪмӰз׷׹
һǵͨɫҲһͷ䱬
ǰ󲻹ͷɱֳʵʱȫתⳡսȫѹסһ
ߣҵҪܽסҼ
δ䣬촽һţҧ⣬͵һѪߴɸϣеѪȻȫɸմ
ߴɸõһھѪ˲ϢϢǣ֮֮ǰҪ¡
ֹˣɸԭֻиеĵطеѪۣһھѪ󣬸дʱԳһɺ죬ޱȡ
䣡
ȻһָǱߴɸâ㣬ΪһʮɳĽɫУŶһķɽݺݵȥ
ͬʱһȫķɽȫͬһ
ֻһ춯صľ죬˵ĿУײһ֮ǰ󿪴ϣռžϷһĽ˲䱻ɵߴɸһ
ҵĽײУǧĳϽнɾ޸ϸŵɷ顣
һҲһߴɸǿµɳȥɳʮԶ
飡
һ͵һ̤󣬾ȻڰӲֹסɳ
һһ֣ɡ¹ɵ˶ɫ䡣
ɵߴɸжˣ˵ɻһڣ΢ǿ˵ΪľѪߴɸ
£һȻֵסʵľ

Ȼһ࣬ʦаĿɨգƤҵĶ˼¡
Ͽһʵޱߣ㻢ʹѹ׵ֶΣ˶ķҲκβһ
ǣаȴĸоڽסǼһڵϢһء
һнڵʱ䣬ֵһУ
һ࣬忴һĻԺжȻͷ


1538 Ѷ
һǿлѵģһڵû˱ס
ڵսܽסɹģΨһȥһͻ᳹һգ벻İ취ֵɣȴҵ·һ
Щ΢࣬ҿǻʲôǶԿ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ˶ĶȻ֮ЦǻӦһͷһӳһ֮ǰȻͬϢ嫣Ӵ󡣶ӴϢһϣһҲܲ
䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬һӳҡضص׵Ŀռ䶼·ƿˡϣֻһľ죬һΧʣµķɽȫһ顣ǿµƲЪֱӽһʮԶһڵϢǼ˥һ΢влʱϨ

ʯ䣬ͻȻ󾪺ֻһƺ˥̫ңҲ޷ڰάΣӰбֱ
ߣ
ʱһ̹߱ǣ羪װ˳һŤͷԼеߡӸ£ͺһȺˡ
ˣ
ʯ䣬û˿ԥ¶һ˿Цݣ漴͵شһеߴɸٴιâǣ·ȥ
ã
ɲǼ䣬ɫ䣬Ԫһлͤ棬йħ棬ÿжӿһɴͷĸо
֮ǰսУ˱ѾĴɵʵָ̫֮߳࣬˵ʹһŷһ˵ʵҵֵסǣµһɡ
ˣ
һֵٶȼ죬һ۵ʱʮ֮⣬գ֮䣬Ѿգ䵽ͷһķΧʵԪһаڣɽһڻɵһ֮£ʣµҲֻӺѡ
군ˣ
һ߾ı۾ƴȫҪԿЩˣǵȻһ
ּĶսǵҲȫֵܲС
̫ҪĿĽɫݿ࣬£֮ռ׷飬¶ĺɫѺۡ
һǣʱ䶼·ֹ
ԶĵطУ΢ͷڵͫӳǸε
ڻӴһǰͬܵǰδеӴѹǱ̫Ҫҵû£ѾоͷƤ飬ȫըͺʱᱻһ
ϣ
ҲӴѹ£һԽĽɲǼ䣬еĴɽâ㣬ޱȣǷҵսĻڶˡ
ͻı仯Ϊ㵣һɲǣо˴ɽڲǵӡ쳣ǵϵķӡѪҺУƺȡĳֶصĹϷӡ˲飬һӴϵͻȻӿڡ
ণ
ʯ䣬ͺ뵽һ磬Ǹ֮УذУһͷ˫ĹȻһ˹һͷڡ
ֻڵͬʱϢҲͬӿԺ֮С
һǣͻȻɽڲȻ̺һмǿĹϾѧ
׳磡
ʯ䣬Ժжһͷһɲǣ⶯޾ޱߣڱ
̣
ŵ̶׵֮±ɫ׵֣ȫϸĹʹ̼£޴ǱҵĲһ˫ǵҫҵĹâ
ˣ
ֻ׹һʧԭء
ȫ˿
ؼ䣬һ㡣һ̣¡¡ҡض𺳵ĿУһӴѹ֮ϣͻȻƬС
꣬ƹ׵ҫޱȣ̺ŻԵ˷۶û˷ӦһͻȻݺݵĺڰлǻصһϡ
¡¡
׸ֻཻһͺ˰ǻصһĽ˲ɢΪС
ܣ
⵽ʲô
ʯ䣬¹ɺɴһʵǿĻҲһɲǣԱ򶨣¶𺳵ɫ
һ̺˻ȫǿһ֮ǰǿƥһ޷ֵաڣǿĹȻһ׷ˡ
ôܣ
¹ɣɣң
ɫһ䣬һ˫ɺǲ
ͬʱۣһھѪɲǼߴ𸫹â㣬һɸӿֲѹǵ׺ݺȥ
ΣͷﻹҪɶ˵ɣ¹ɫأٴУѱ廯ǵ׺ȥ
Ⱥ¹
죡
Ŀֲͬʱ塱ҲǿһҪһٻ
䣡
ĹǿƥĿֲݺݵײһһɲǣ˺̳ص綼ҵն·Ҫѿһ㡣ޱߵϯķ˶׷ɳȥڿУѾѪȻˡ

ֻǹ̳бĲҽУӰصһԶұϡ
¹λɺȻҲȫȻ޷ǹֻһ˱Ѿˣݺݵҷɳȥ
пƺƣУһȴԶûнͣտ׹˸Ͷÿһ˵ͫУǳ׹ؼһж˲ʧȥɫÿжʮš
ǰһѾǵû֪ʲô
ã
һɲǣ¹ɡɣɣĺһǶһּǿҵĲдδй飬̺Ÿǿȣտɫ׹ǰÿһϸÿһ缡ھҲǿҵΣոһ纣ӿƺʱû
ߣ
¹ɸоΪ񣬻û˷Ӧһݣսͨڶȥû˿
һ࣬ɵķӦ΢˰ģϾ΢ǿߣ¹ܣ붼û룬͸һܡʵߵĻɣ֮УͬʱҲԥģٶȷġֻһգ۾ͳ¹ɡ
˶΢ǿߣǵֵиͲ֡
һʵ̫ˣһǧ׵ĵصȻԻ㼯Ӵֱ
ֹˣУ˻оһɼϵϢ
ǹϢԶԶʱǡǡΪǣΪ֮ηġ


1539 峡
ߣߵ𣿡
ʱʶͻȻͬʱԺһݣٸвȻǻûüܽͨһ̣¡һƹǧ׵һӿĺӺ󷽽Ѹû
䣬һǣ˸оΣգǱܵıǿһֻǿ徵ǰҲֻͽͣʯ䣬һ׹¹λӹֻһĲҽУ׷״յУһлԶûн
ҫ۵׹ڻɱ¹֮󣬵ڿһۣȻʯ׹ڵأɳǧ׵磬ߡ
飡
ϣһ½ữ޻ĺˣ׳죬յƣͱǰĻ׹УһӶ׷ױɷɻң汬ը
ּ𶼳ܲסĿֲЩ˸־͸ӵֵסˡ
ô
һǣɣͬߵĺ˷׷׻Ϊ촷ۡƽʿ¶ˣи¶ȾźͿ־ɫ
ⳡսȻЩͲۣϻǵƿУȻһΣ˵һִͷ;ĩ·ĸо
Ҫ
ͫеӳտɫ׹⣬龪֣ʶҪܣٶȴԶöࡣ
䣬âһ¶˻һ˲䱻׹УʧȥеϢʱһ
飡
̵׹磬󣬴ڶ¶ԼΪ׵Ļƽʿ壬ɢΪ߷ȫ
ڡ
âһͷɢ˫ڵϣԪһ˵ǰķ֪ʲôʱʧˣһͷīĳסӣȫӡ
ıк˰ȫľ׮㶨һͺ˵ʱһֹ̾һ
ž
һļž
˶۾һĶǰ壬Լʮ彩Ӳĺˡ
˶ڵȴţϸÿһˣƺΨִκһϸڡ
ʱ仺ţͻȻ¡֪˭ͷʶһ¡һ̣ĳźһ飬ĵطһ˷·ľ׮ֱͦͦĵڵϣǱϣһĽͻȻ֣漴Ѫ
һŵĿУǰһ˺ˣ׷׵ڵϡֻգۼ䣬еĺȫ˵ѪУһϢޡ
䣡
һĻȺһƬȻ˶۾𺳺Ͳ˼飬ԪһҲƤ
һ
ֻһ
Ȼ¹ԼʵȺĺȫնɱֱš
ǰǵӰÿ˶оһɾ޴ĳ
ôܣȻ˿µ
濴ǰ壬𶯡岻ֹһΣУһֻǸаˣԼ£Щǻ۵С
չֳоѾԽ֪ţϾȻǿ
̫ǿˣÿµ
һɲǣÿжšǿ߶ˣҪˡһɲǵ壬˵Уֱͬһ㡣
ѾԽ˷׵
Ҳʱ飬һϥһ䣬·ɥʧеһ㣬ͻȻͷζʯ䣬¶һŲ԰׵ģʧȥѪɫףֻһգ۱ʧˣֱͷڸ
ֻһۣԪһлͥ˻ûзӦбģ桢ȴͽ۾һ
ôˣ
ʱһͻȻӶߴû˷Ӧâһаˡ˴峤һһң˲ߣ롣
ͬһʱ䣬ҲӶĿٵɨķ͸һ˿ɫ
ѻ٣¹Ҳܣʱе⻼ѾֻʣڻĸƤ֤ھͻ˰ϡ
һ࣬а˵˵˱ϲɫͫȴԥһ£ƺһЩ˼ɡ
һаѾԶԸټһ˴峤Լùµļ棬ʲôϣҲռʲôˡ
ΧĿأԼ˵ķӦնʱù
ʦû£
ʱһᡢͻȻ˶߻죬建̧ͷڿ˵ˡɫ԰ףϢǳһ˫۾ȴޱȣѸٵŤͷһԵ
ô棬㿴ʵǾлɳãҪ𣿡
˵仰ʱĿ磬ֱֱ棬·һ㣬
ү˵ĻѣȻûϷֹӲŵ𣿡
һݣæͷҺĿԡ
ڵ壬ֱɱ񣬷ɱһֽ涼֪Լסĵϸȷһʧ֮ǰʲô˼
ߣϣˣ
ȻһЦȻ㲻档
ڵ
ʱһϤʶ磬Ժа˺ʦͽһָơһлס棬ȴסаˡ
ֵԽǿƣ˵ڵԽء
а˲òǡ
ʦɽܹƿصġոһУǿ󣬵ȴҪҴľ񣬻ڵɽҿûа취ˣ

κǿģԼʵж۵ġһ˵аȷʵ档Ȼʩչɽеġ׳硱һٻɱеĺˡ
ʵҲķǳа˺˴峤һһЮĵڵˡ
˼թΣʱǿ
˶٣ŵ
⡭
а˱Ѿ׼ָ֣仰üͷ΢壬ʱˡϣ֡û˱ɽеĶթĶˡ
ֻԼͻԪһ˷Ҳǡ漰塭
ģʦҿӦ
侲
ˣ
һţһɲǼ䣬˫֮ǻ֣漴һ޾Ӵ˷дɾԪӿƵȫۿɼɫ״֮ӿ뵽ڡ
컯
ͨˣ°춼ָˡǶڴ컯˵ֻҪƬ̵ʱ䣬ָܻĹۿЩʵʵԪȫӿڣԭҰ׵ӣú


1540 
һ˲䣬漸ɫ䣬һƬȻ˵֮ǰֻĻôڣĹָϣͱãˡ
ȿȣ
ҲʱԶͻȻһ͵͵Ŀ֮ͨͨǰû⡣ʱ򡭡˵ע⡣嶼Ƥһʶתͷ
ǺǣΪԼӮ𣿡
Уͨڵķһǳ˶
һɲǣ˵ע⣬ôƬֻ̡ЩɱĺˣһȻӴ󣬵Ȼ©֮㡣
ɣ
ɫ΢䣬˲˳͸һ˿µɫɵǿ˶ۼʶģǳǽʵѾзˡ
һɲǼ䣬ոջЩˣɫ࿣׷ʶȥ棬Ҳһ飬鲻֮ǰ
ߣһȺСˣ
Цһĵɨ˼һۣȻϵĴɽԶȥͨڣʮ׵ĵطڵϵĻɡ
ؿһĽۣѪ࣬ð˳
˶Ϣ٣ţǾһûܽ׵ɱ
ĿŲ߽壬ûеĿ־壬¶һ˿Цݡ
ٺ٣һΪǣһоѾ˰ɣϧǸףһлֻǿʼƴȫҲû˿Ի뿪
ɵ͸һ˵ļ

仰ɫٱ䣬һЩʵСɫò԰ˡ
쵰˾ȻŻǣ
һ˷ŭѡ
ܻܲ뿪˵˲㣡
ʱһ˶һâ漴ЦһǰһеĴɽһ˻ɡ
鿴Щ򵥣
ʱаͻȻӺһ
һвô򵥡
˴峤ҲŰɫĹȣǰ
ţ֪
˵ͷ
˲ͬǰ˵ǷĸоǼ򵥵Ŀš
˵˵Ǽ٣ЩҪ
ˮڣʲô˼СĵˡңһжѾֻʣһˡ
ѾȫֻҪõɹжͳԲˡ
ˣ
ָһţϽһһߴСͷضû뵽СǻɵǱɸ
󷽣˿һĻ˭Ҳû˵ʲô棬ħ棬ʱ򶼲Ҷ˵
ܵģսƷȻҲС
һнΧָ˼ž˭Ҳûע⵽ʼգһ˫Ŀ⣬һֱĶ塣
飡ȺʱͻȻ֮һһ˫ϥصĹǰ

δ䣬һЩǱ֮ͦȻϺׯص˹ǰ鹧ޱȡ


ͬʱˣҲ׷׸˹

һĻȺʱһƬȻеߣаһ˲ע׷׼еЩϣرˣ˿ǼǵλǴ˵졣
֮ǰĴ󣬰ڵĴ޶ϸȫǵģҲһֱĻٿһС
֮ǰΪԭ˺ʹ˵ĹϵʵЩͽŵġ
ֻǷ·ת˭Ҳû뵽Щ˾Ȼ¹񣬶ҿٲȻһΪհӡ
ô£а۵ĵӲǳ͢ôֻЩ˳Ϲϵ
˭Ҳô¡
һ࣬ҲɻеɻһҲ١
죬ǲŪˣҺǴƺûʲô
üͷ
Բдģ
ŮҡҡͷĿʼеĴɽϡ
˭ܹγɽ˭Ǵ˵ˣǴഫҿʯϵ
ǧ񽣴û˰γһжһˣ
Ů̧ͷһۣԵʮּ
Ǵ˵ôãڵȵˣ
ܰγɽˣǴˣ
ҲŸ͵Ҳͬļ
аˣ˴峤һҲɡ
˵ĺ֮ǰᣬһͲ֪ö˻ҷ𣬵Щ˾ȻΪֱ˼
ղ˵ǧûܹγѱ޶ڣ֮ǰôĴˣѵûаγѽ𣿡
ûУ
ҡҡͷһɫ
һܹͨɹĿ飬ΪɾĴˣֻаγѱǴˣԼɹˣ

仰üͷһдΪ㵡
Ů˼ɽڴһƺӵм塣ҾɹĴˣγ
һǣжʱ˵ĹŹָУͺδʲô»ᷢһ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬ʱһ춯صľԶ˼
̧ͷѭȥֻԶɫʯţһ·ǰӰվڴɹĴ⣬һӰʹײǹɽɫĴ⡣
Щ쵰Ȼȥɹˣ
һĻ֪˭ΧʱһƬȻ
ԣЩǳȥʰɵʱ͵͵ܵ˴ɹҪ̱
쵰˭ҺҾɱ˭
һɲǣӰ׷׳ԶĴɹ˹ȥ
ִܵģʵǿ֮һǧ࣬еĸΪ˵õǱµһĴɹɾµһˡ
νΪ˳Ϊµһˣʧȥ񣬱ǰ˭ܱ˶̡

ƮƮһɲǼӰ׷׳ȥ
ڵ
һŲӺ󷽴˴峤ߵ󣬿ǰȿֺĳɫΧĴɹǡ
˲ͬͬ岻ԶǧϵΪʲôµһ
ڵġ컯ʵΣգȻ˴ɽʱڵһֻα겻α
취Σһʱըһ˶ϣɽʧͻٴ߻ħľء
ҪһУֻܵõɹ
ûõģɹô׵õͻˣ
ʱһ˴ӵվͻȻԶ


1541 ɫ⣡
죬˼ǡ
аŤͷλŮ죬΢΢üͷŮ˼ƺƶ޷õ
㿴ˡ
Ů첢ûϸ˵򶨣û˿ңƺѲµʲô
ģûһ˿Խ뵽ɹ
Ů˵ⷭʱĿ䣬ޱȡ
塢аˡ˴峤ǺɣʱԶһѼ
˵ĿУڶѾϵ˴ɹǰ˲鷢ˣھɹߵĵطһЩ߶ͣ
ǵĿͣվһ
ô£
һɲǼ䣬һͻоһ˿ףǰһĻʲô
ɹ˶Ϊ֮ûеǻûеִɫǰͣ
˹ȥ£
ɫʯź󷽣ͻȻһ֣󣬼˵ĸԾԶȥ
ͬһʱ䣬һҲͬɳ˼ӡ
˺˵ĵ̤ʯţһ·Խǰȥ˲Ϣ䣬˵ĿⶼеϣǵӰһ·ǰȥ
˵ʱʱ죬ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Щ˺˵ĵϵ˴ǰ
һΣǲȡһЩͬĴʩѡ˴ط⣬ߣߣһߣ
ˣھֻһߵĵطû˿ף˵ĸ֣˵ĵӣһͣһ
ǵĿҲô͡
ô£
ͬٴηˣ΢𣬲ԥ¶һ˿𶯵ɫ
˵һλżȻֻЩɢʵŻڣ˺˵ĸ֣һˣǾͲһʵ΢żȻԽ͵ġ
ͬһʱ䣬һָ࣬Ӽ˵ӷ˹ȥĸлͤҲüͷ
죬⵽ô£
ͨǰҲǰͻȻڵ
ߣǰǴһ̫ˣɹһǧǰɾĹۡҲǴ޶ĺġǵĴ˺ǰͺ̣ΪػɹЩ˺ķĻͬҲΪ˴ɹ
ֵطôɼ֣ɾͿԽġ
ŮЦЩ̰аߺ⡣
֮ɹ⣬˿Խ룡
û˵˼ʱԶɫĴǰڷ˱仯һЩʵǿߣƺΪеִǿ󣬾Ȼ֡ϡ֮˳
ҿ
ɹҵģҾµһ˭Ҳֹң

˵ĿУһɽǿƮƮĵȻȫΪһӡȭӡ׷׳ŴɹĴײ˹ȥ
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬Ĺ׷ڴ档
һ̣һ󾪿ֵĴڲһǿģΪ֮ɫĽɫ纣һ㱬
ЩɫûЩĿͣԻеߣǹâһһ󾪺УЩ߷׷ҵɳȥ
ǵ󣬾ɣԨ

һĲҽԨдЩľ֣ʧصķһϵ׹䡣ͼһֻͽ͡
ֻƬ̵ĹЩ߾׹ȥʧŨŨУԶԶĶ޵Ĳҽ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬Щ׹ȥͬʱͻȻһɫľ磬аȻ֮Զŷֻһգ۾ӹգ֮ҵײڽɫĴϡ
䣡
һɲǣҡضɫаʹײĺⶼ΢΢һ¡һ̣ɫĴһضϵķͻȻ֡
һ̣䣬ǵĺɫаһɾ޴£أұʱٶȻҪöࡣ

ɫʯź󷽣һʯ䣬һӰһæбɲԺ֮ֲܹһ
ʮ׵ĵطǵĺɫаʯҵײұϣ¡һұҵʯɣһССʯ飬׷״ұϵ
ھ޴ĳ£˽µĵ涼˵Ĳ·Ҫһ
쵰
һ޴ʯϷ䣬׹ھԼԶĵطȭͷһ࣬ѿޱȡֻǿԶ˸޷ͻƣҪⴱ⵽жǿֻû뵽Ȼ㱻ԼдС
Ӧ죬ֻʱѾԼĹˡ
壬ɹйŹ֣
ʱһʶͻȻԺһԣһֱûô˵ĹħͻȻ˵ˡĿԶ赻Ի͵ĴɹԵüɵء
Ҳһ¡
ʵȻǿģҲĶ֣͹ħֻڲ֮䡣
㾡ȫһȻɹĽɫȫһ˻ȥ֮֮ǰҪǿ̶̳ȺͷֶΣֱľ
һ㣬Ѿɹһ̵ıݣκݡǰ̾ȴ
٣پųϵ˵ҪǿǿͻƵڲѾòʵʡ
ɹĽ̫ǿˣǿͻƣֻ»ûгɹǾѾˡ
ʱһʶͻȻԺҲʱ˵ˣ
ȻˣǺβЩ֪ˣҲʡʱʡ
ĿģûпԶɹǶתͷվߵŮԴ졣
桢ħԣ⣬ͬȫ˹ȥϢӿĿⶼ̫һˡϸϣɹλŮ򿪵ġ
֪νɹ޾ϷٻȻҲһ֪ôعĽɫ⡣
ߣ
ŸոտȥһۣŮЦһϤ˵뷨
ΪǴˣ˥˭۸𣿡
ˣ
ŮƳһۣһ߿ļХ֨֨ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬ݣһɫ˿ͻȻͨһڴŮߵͨǽڡ
ţžһɫ˿˹ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬âһһɫȻȫë׵ģϸ˿Ծ˵ٶȻ˹
ˣ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ͷȻϢ˴Ů󡣶İͨУ۾㣬з
Ӱ룡
һݣʱ˳һЩʶӰģʱһʶȥ


1542 ĴУ
Ӱ˿ޱȣҼͣ޷ˡ
֮ǰĺˣһԷҶԵĻ棬Щ˿߿ûлֹŹֵѧ
һ࣬Ӱ룬ɫҲ˲٣˼صζ
Ůˣ
аջ𣬵ȴҲ֪Ȼں˲أ࣬ɲǿġ
Ĳ˵ƾյĵص׻壬иֹޣʲôĻͲò˼У֮
һ࣬лͤһĻͬʱüͷȻʵҲйͬ뷨
ˣξȥɣ
ʱһӶлͤԶתǵϤģһ𲢼ʮӰĿ¶һ˿ɫ
㻹û𣿳Ǹ壬û˿ԽɹеһУʵΪõġ
ԪһǰͷҲûص
лͤû˵ֻ΢΢üͷһ˼ӡ
һ̣ĿӹеĴɽĴŮ죬лͤһʱʲô
û˿ԴùǼˣ͵һ飬ҡҪᣬҲǶ֡
Ԫһ˫֣
廹аˣѰߡȻʵĺܴ󣬵ֻҪ֮ǰһʵڳ¾ûĶַֻ֡к档
쵰⵽ô£
аˣɹǰȻûܹȥ
ԶȺзôаɵߣ㾡ȫҲ޷ɹ֮С
ˣȥɡ
ʱ򣬴ŮͻȻˣ
Ǵһڿഫֻгдɽ˲ܽɹõǴһĴС
Ů쿴壬ɫޱȡ
ĴУ
彣üһ֣¶ѯʵɫ
Ҳ֪д˴ڵļֵΪһ̣
ŮĿⲻٴ˴ɽѾۼ֤ʹɽܻɵ̣ÿһοɽԼԱߵ壬Ůȴеĸо
벻ĵȵǸˣǴһ˵ҲΪĳֶ֮ı䡣
ŮѾƣָ⻹̲ס΢΢Ǵˣ޷һһǰͺ̣Զ볾ףȴֻΪػ
һ࣬ӴŮ˵иоʲôĿйâ仯˲ϢͷǺܿ죬ƽ
գֳִɽŲǰȥôһССĶ˵ע⣬桢Ԫһߣ׷׿˹
Сӡ
壬̲סüһ¡Ȼһηӣͫڿʱȴ̲ס¶һ˿ɫ
ʵѾǿ˿־ĵزҲֻƤ˵һ˵Ҫ˺Ƥ滹ûӡ
ΧһƬžѻȸŲǰȥ֮һɸַ׷˱ܿóһ·
Ҳûж˵ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ɫʯԼζִ˴ɹǰ
ǰߵĵطΪ֮ĴɹɫĴתݣصķ
һжϢ쳣ƽȴоƽ̺İͿ񱩣һ䣬ȴǿĽ
ʣһѾʧǿŴ
ĿֻڴͣƬ̣档ϵĴɹΡȻƵ˼¥ȴ¥
һǧǰĴսʱȻ˻ֺꡢ˼Ľǧķ˪ɱôã
֮ǰǧʱ⣬޹һֱԨ޾ĸ߿գָоԽĹء
ǲ˼飡
ͻȻ̾һ
ʷĳУ֪ڲ˶Ҳ֪ʧ˶貺͹ԡ˭֪Ƭһǧ׵ĵصĶ
֪棬ʲôܣ
а
ϣ
˼ʱͻȻһһͷֻеĴɽƺоĳϤϢȻ˷ܵ΢
漴ʲôգŲֳִɽֱǰ˹ȥ
ˣ
߹ȥɲǣͻȻɢۺͼʵĿУ봱ӴȻû˿谭ֱ˽ȥ
ˮ㣬Ѹٽû
⣬ôܣȻĽȥˣ
һĿɿڴ˵˵ͬǵһĴ⣬ȴûв˿ãͺ񲻴һ
ˣµһ湦ˣ
һЩԸɵӺжʼ
ÿ
ʯ䣬һȣĴû˷ӦˣâһһӰаȥĵط͵ײ˹ȥ
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ҵıӰȥĿ죬ĸ죬һɰ͵ĽǵӰײʮԶ
棡
ãȥæ

ͨǰ˵ĵһƬң˷ӳȥְ˽ŵĳȥѾţ֮Ԩ֮ǰ˻
쵰ô£
ͷɢǱѡ
һУûǱͬǴɹͬһطȥˣȴԨֱд
ʱ˿̣ȴ֪ĶҲ֪ΪȻ󲨡ʱѾȫеǰ
ֵĸо
忴ܣЩ⼫ճɫĽҺָ屾ΪԼɫ֮󣬺ܿԽ뵽棬ʵȴȫͬ
ֹˣлһ˵ĹŹָС
ɫĴ⿴ֻбһ㣬ٺԼҲӦý뵽档ڣ岻û˳뵽棬̻Ի͵ĴɹѾˣǰȫһƬ硣
˻
΢΢һܿ춨ǰȥޱ֮ΣأӴŮĻУҲòκõϢ֮̽ǰ嶼˿Ĵ⡣
ʱ仺ȥڽһ·ǰȥ֪˶ãâһ߹ȥǰڻȻʡ
忴ǰΣʱһӴסˡ
ôܣ
忴ǰ۵Ĳ˼顣ǰеֺƴĴɹһƬãã޾ء
еӿİɫЩƮƮÿһաͷһɫʯͷ£տյһƬ޾Ԩ


1543 񻰴˵
⵽ô£
һ仰˵ûŴԼ󿴵ľȻǴɹ̤뵽һռ䡣
ǰտޱȣһ˵δ֪ء
һʶչǾо˿عͷƬʧֻкǰһİ
һĻüͷʱǰһУɺر
ˣʱһ΢΢̵ĸоٴδĴеĴɽʱٴβ
Ӧþˣ
а֮֮ȻȷûԶ

ʱһĻζͻȻУƬտĿռУԵ÷ǳ̶
һѭȥֻУģӰӾһζһ£漴ʧٴαڸǡ

Ժͷһ˳һӣһɰХΪһ磬ɢǰµİʯ·಻Զ忴ֱ۴ϸӲԶһ·Ƭռĸߴ޾Ӷȥ
ռӿҲŴ𶯣
վԭأ˼Ƭ̣漴һݣһƬƮƮҶһ㣬Ϸ
䣬
˫Ÿһմ˳Ӻռ˴ֶʵϤԼռͬµӵĹϣҲǳı
ˣһתȻȻһͬʱǰӶȥ
ʮɣɣǧɡٶȼ죬ϣԭλҲԽԽߣֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ǰʲôҲֱ治ˣָֻŷ
岢֪ʲôطҲָ֪һжδ֪ģ޾ء
ǰӣʱ仺ȥһӣӣһʱʱʱڵģǰ޾ȫûֹͣļ
أ͸оЩԾˡ
ڵʵһףһʱҲѾˡѾȥĸʱصôôĿռ䣡
ֻǴʱ˿̣Ѿû·ˣֻһ·ǰȥ

ʱһ촫Уһ˲䣬ͻȻ˵Сͣ½Ų˳ĵطȥֻԶһطһζţӲԶ
һķȫͬǼȴͨͬһ
ԣʲô
ͻȻ֮䣬Ŀɨǰüһһ˿Ծһӣľˢȥǰӿϯһ̣ڿϵĶ
һ߰ɫĺǹ棬ͣƮȥ
Ǿߺǵɲǣһǿҵĳ˵ĹͻȻӿڴɫ֮ŽƬؿռģԼ֮⣬ﲻӦˡ
ͻȻֵĵѾ˸оǳĹˣϹŵĺǣǽָоǿԸӵĵز
⵽ô£ѵ˵ǰ˵ֻ˵ʵͬͨ
д˷
һ·ǰԽԽ࣬ɢɢ忴İɫҲԽԽ࣬һжأȫ޷óȥȡ
ʱ仺ţѾǲԼ˶೤ʱˣֻǰ˶پ룬һ·ϣֻͷԽԽ࣬ӵ߰ʮʮͬһ㣬ͬһ
ֻһɲǣַ·ͣڣһ·۵ĵط忴һţڸ߿մɢ΢Ĺâƺڵȴʲô
ˣ
ʱУѾõĴɽҲ·ܵʲôһٴβодɽĳϢʱȻع
һ𣬾һ֧֮㣬뵽˹֮С
޾İ׹ӭЩâ̫֮Ҫҫۣȫ޷á
ǰĹâ΢ȸоľǽһƬʵĵ棬ۣƬããĿռʧ
忴ɫźĳһ˫ᡢ㣬ɣϣһ¶˼㵵ɫ
屾ΪɫĹźһƬİأֻǵʱȴǰͣһ̻Ի͵Ĵ
ɫ࣬һŴ䵽صᣣ⿴ȥǽȫľʵοսһͼǻ㣬һЩ޵ͼ
һжһ˵ľ׸С
ǡ
嶸Ȼ۾ЩţطȻǰûĽĸоȴİ
Ǵɹڲ
û뵽Լôʱ䣬Խôľ룬ǵɫĹţŽ뵽ɹڲ˲Ϣ䣬ͷӹԺһɲǣԺֻһͷ
ģ
濴ӽɫĴ⵽ɹֻɵľ룬ɵľ룬˵ȴǿԽһռ䡣
һɲǣвɲһ޷ݵľηУǰһкѾԽķ룬漰һǧ˵ԴĦľ
ʯ䣬ЩͷԺзӶܿ춨ǰǰߵĵطֻͭ¯һһҷֱͭ׵΢һ첻Ӻðгһɵ㡣
ͭ׺󷽣һϵԲμ̳ţ̳Ŵͼڼ̳ڷһŷ׵ϾšϣһݵߴŴʱĺ멣ͷϲһ׷Ŵƣһ
ͷ­΢Ϣ࣬¶ƤҰɫѾ˼ʱ䡣
ռУһƬž
λӦþǴɾˣ
忴ϵġޡͼ˼
ȻѾ˼ʱ䣬ǰĴɾȻһɳ׵ʣػŵʱҲһλϣɷǵľǿߡ
Ƭ̺ܿǰȥߵǰһ
壬ɾǰóȻɹʧ֮
δ䣬幧ߵһͷǿͣȻ˵ķӦеǱҪеģҲһ·
̧ͷɲǣͻȻһĸоӿһͷֻɾбϷ͹ǽϣһֻֻǵεĺͻȻ
ţɫĹâҹâԽԽʢֻһ˲صһ£ѳ

һĻ˶סˡ
һֻ̣һһϣţϷ£ȻһӨ㣬·ɾĶͷϡ
ĳ򻺻ȶţɾѾϢǳǣҲĳȶһ˿˼ı仯
Ŀ⣬һƵ޵УͻȻڴɾ
ʼʱ򣬻ޣӨһ㣬ֻգۼ䣬Է籩ٶ̳ϯ
ɾ¶ƤԭֻһĻҰɫǵõѸٱúָɫ
ɾϣһɿݵƣسſú
һǣ·ʲôǰĴɾ¶𾪵ɫ
⡭ôܣ
ţϾȻ顣
ƺӦĲ²һ㣬ɾ΢΢һ£ֻһ΢СĶȴɲ
ˣ
һĵģ̾ϢͻȻԺ𡣶ǰĴɾƤһ£͵


1544 еˣ
һɲǣ˫֮Уâ財忴ȥʱвһִԼģһ˫۾һƬ޾Ĺϵǿա

𾪡
ǰǸ࣬ӿĴɾһɲǣͻȻܵһǰδеĳиһֻͼȲʵĸо
ɾţ
ûλһĴʼˣǧΪ񻰰ڵȻһǧ󣬻ϣһĳԼǰԼ
ֻ㱵еĸо
Ѿܾˣ˵Ĵߣ
ɾԺϵ͡˫ǿհ貵˫Ҳ˲ԾĲһ׽ĸоȫκεִͷ
û˵ıƽɲ
ڴ֮ǰɾ֪Уֻһǧǰ񻰴˵岢ʶҲȷԼûκεĽûһͨð֮ãȻݱ
ɾȻֻ˵仰Ǹĸоȴƺ֪
ʶң
૵Щ㱡
Ǻǣ
ɾҡҡͷ
ֻڵһˣһһǧ󣬻ѽǰˡǵһˣȻҲӦþҪȵǸˡ
˵󣬴ɾһ˫º͵۾еĴɽ
һ¶ӵֿܣǴɾƺѾƶˣҪȵ˾Լ
ǰ˵ҵ˵ĴУʲôǡ˴ߡ
ͻȻڵûоڴɾҪȵǲԼһϡ̫ɻˣɾҪȵ˲ԼҲҪһʡ
Ǻǣ⣬Լû˿Իش㡣
ɾǰ꣬ͻȻЦ
޶ۣǰͽ̣
Ҳʾ
һһģĪǰ㻹֪ȻΪʱδʱһȻҲˡ
ɾһƽûйĽ͡
⵽
Ƭ̣ͻȻһ򵥵⡣
ɹ
ɾ΢Ц
΢֤ʵеĲ²⡣ǰãã뿪һ뵽ȻǴɹ档
֮ǰʱһȻǴŮ죬󡭡ǰǰһ˵ڵȴҡֻǴƳ͢һ佫˶㣬ʵǲףкֵ֮ǰ˵ȴ
ǰһУΪʲôһǧʱ䣬׺ɣǬ仯һһôʱ䣬ǰĲȷ𣿡
ʵ
ɾ˵Ķ˵̫λˡһǧʱ䣬ȴһһǧûгˣ鱾ͻĵޱȣ漰Ǵɾλ񻰼ǿߣ˵һֵŵ顣
δʵӵ̫̫ı仯ˣ޷ȥȣܴɾδ֪㵽ʲôһֵŵ顣
Ǻǣ
ĻɾͻȻЦ
㻹ڻԼ
ǣ
ͷܻ
ĳնأⲻǴ⣬ǹɡһҶ֪ｫһˮ֪֮ǡ˵Ǵ⣬˵ȴȻ
ɾЦЦ
ĬȻֻ΢΢üͷ
ĽĺˣѾɹǵʹԪᣨһҲɹʵŵԡÿ˵ĴڶʹŻǲţվǰʱ˾Ѿת
ɾ
û˵еԽŨˡŤͷ˴ɾ۾һ˫ɣ۾ͬʱһ˫ǺͶ۾·Ѿ͸ʱգؼеİء
͵һ£ʱһ仰˵ˡ
ôһɲǣִоԼڶĴɾǰһִֵСһ
ǰȴĵʲô
ãͻȻڵ
һܹıˣ
ɾڵ
ʲô
׷ʵüͷԽˡ
һѣһΣһﻯΪҽĺƽ٣ֻǸˣֻܸıһУ
ɾԺ
ͬһʱ䣬¡ƽ١֣꣬͵˴ɾ𺳡
ʼգˣ˥һƽ٣֮䣬˿ѣȻϵ֮ͨУ̽ⳡΣȴҲֹΪֻҪڴ֮У֮ڣУѣҲ޷ı䡣
ԴһǧǰҾڵһˣһеˣֻеٵһ̣пӭһ˿תпսˣǸʱǸˡҽָҸܸһаʹҲҵʹ
һ仰ɾ壬Ŀ˼Ѿ¶ɡڴɾ˵ʣǸˣ
䣡
ȴǺȻһ˲ɲ

һеˣ

һм˵ĸо廹ǿѹ
޶ۣû׵ʲô
С̽ŵ
һΣȴûɾĻشһۣһ̣ˣû巴ӦһָͻȻ仯ѸСһָĶͷ
¡
ڴɾһָµɲǣҡضʶ˲뵽һ硣û˽赻Ի͵ķ䣬Ҳɾȡ֮һƬܵһ
һĲҽͻȻ͵һ¡ܵһ֮У忴СգҺ;ع˵ϡ
ȥһ̣תҲ֮ı䡣һɲǣ忴һƬӴ½أƬ½ضһ֮Уȼա
ݴأ
һڤڤУԺһͷ
Ȼʱ꣬һ춯صľ죬Ƭɫ½ͻȻ֮ѳ룬Ļҳͺ̳𡣾ĿУ½طֱ
ԭܵ棬ҲѪ죬޾ڡ
ڻϣս˻忴ɫӰħһһ˫˫۾ޱȣңң壬Ŀг޾ĻĲ˿顣
ˣ
ɲǼ䣬ǰĳԺʹļغһһ£˲Ϣޱȡ
Ļ𡭡
ߵĳ֡
ȻǰһпǳģЩħķӰ۾ٴεֻأԶǣЩںɫһбĴأ۾ӡԺ
ˣ
һ̣𶯣һӴɱʹҲ̲ס֮籡
Ȼ֪
һǣеĻȫʧһϤڹ𡣴ɾͷɢĳԼѹֵĲļ򣬻һ˫Ѫ۾̲סһ̾Ϣ


1545 ɫӣ
˵֮ǰһУͨãΪŵĻôڣķӦѾ˵ˡ
û˵ͷɢʹͷֻڴڵĴ·ĳجһ㣬ˮӿ
ôǣ
ôܻǣ
ΪԼѾѧƽѧأֻǵЩٴγʱʹĸо궼ڲ
⵽ô£Ϊʲô֪Щ
ɳƣռл졣
ģֻһǧǰҹʱġ棬ʷı䡣һμ䲻ͬûиҲûƬ½Ҳκεضڱһռĺƽ١
ɾԶ͸һ˵Ĳһ̣ܵĹ߶΢΢Ť
ʹеķҲûҵһΣĽ취ϵؿ̽ҵԪ֮ήһ̣վҿ̽һ˿
ԼһǧԺ󣬻һ൮˺κ˶֮ͬУҲ֮⣬ûҲûȥҵҲ̽ϢΨһȷݵǣһǧĳһ죬һγһѽƬеȥȡһҲ
ԴǸʱұ̤£ñɽʮʱ䣬ҵǰѽȻִ˴ɣԪᣨһڵص״һ޶ǰѽѹڴˡ
ɽ
ʯ䣬ԺͷһеĴɽһ̣о𺳡ɾ˵һֱڵȴû뵽Ȼһǧ꣬˴ɣ˵عǱɽ
еһУΪĵڣ
һѾ
þ޷ƽ
˵Ȼҵȴһǧ꣬վҳɹļ㡣ڣǼҲڿʽˡ
мɾ˳˿ظ
仰ȴжһ͵̧ͷ

ʲô
ЩͷԺзӶһֻ̣ɾϽһʵʣ˳˿΢ˮ۵ɾָϡ
ܿ죬ڴɾָ⣬һű̫ҪңԼСָָ׸ǴСĽɫ֡ϸȥͻ֣ᷢڽɫӵı棬һЩ·
Щ··ӵԼ㣬ǳĹϣӵı棬ˮ㲻ߡ

һɲǼ䣬͵۾ɾָöɫòǴӺڲȴоһӿȣ޾ǿȻֻǱɽһǣǶ˵ȴѾܵһǿ𺳡
һöҪġӡҲػһǧ꣬˱ѪӡԴһҹƽ֮£̺ǳʷǰĴѣұ뾡취ΪҵһڱöӡΨһϣת
öǲȱģп̫̽ľѪͻûа취öһֻܽˣӵ߱Ķ˵ܹûɵ飡
ɾ˵ţöɫӣ塣
̧ͷǰĴɾһɲǣɾöӵݳʱأ¶һǰδеءȻöڴɾУӵ޿ɱҪλ
һɲǣҲоöӳķҲ֣
ǰǳΣݵмϣ԰ȥ
Ԥϣ忴ŶĴɾûȥӡ
ϣϣϡδ飬˭Ҳ޷ȷΨһģֻзһƴȫѣ
ɾĿޱȡ
Ĭһ˲䣬һ˼ĹâãӴɾнӹöɫӡ
ˣ
ڽӴӵɲǣһɼȱĸоָ⴫ָоͺһһ̣巢ⲢԼĴöɫĴԼָһѪȫУȫա
öɫӶʱ㣬ڣΪһƹâʧС
⣡
һ䣬ϲ¶һ˿Ȼɫ
ɫһǾͺȫʧˣһ̣оһ˿ԼԺУâ˸öɫӾȻһַ˼ķʽ˲ԼʶУת
û巴ӦӽɫиܵһεϢ
ǡɹ
һ̣֪Ϣгصݣ¶𾪵ɫϢһķھݼɬʦаĴɹ
ʦѾţ֮ȻһͰιʦҪĴɹȴӰ
û뵽Ȼַʽõµһ湦
һɲǣѪӿ鼤ޱȡķھǳʮзţµһ湦ͿԳ׽ϵ߻ħʹ컯Ӵ޺֮ǡ
ע⣬Ϸδ֪ڼС
ͬʱ֮ʯϤͻȻԺ
δ֪ʹйءٴѣջҪƷƷδ֪пܵԼʹı仯仯δ֪
¼δ֪ڽУ
ӣδ֪Ʒʮ㡣ע⣬յжδ֪Ҳпջ޴ĳͷ۳㣡ע⣬¼֮ʯµʱδ֪

һԺ
ô᣿
һдΪ𶯣⻹һ֮ʯǵһγ޷жһöӾȻܴ֮ʯµͬʱȴʾԼʱδֱ֪š
Ҳʱ򣬴ɾͻȻԺ΢΢Щƣ
ĴɹԽϵ⣬öӡϣϣһ֮ˡҲΨһ԰ˡ
ɾ壬һƺеϣ
лǰ
Ŵɾľһ֮УõջԶԶԤڡ
ڴɾи˵ⱾҪ飬û£Ҳһȥ
⸣֮У֮öӹϵشȻܹһôҲͬһЩ˲֪٣ȻһˣˣһȴԶûнסõöӵ£Բκ֪׽ˣ
ɾ


1546 Σ
ˣ
ⷭһ𣬶ıɫɾ˼öƺкܴ鷳һգۣ
ǰģסκνԳܣҲĻϲС
ƥײˡӻʲôΣգƾ֮ʯӵļۣҲܾܾ
Ҵڣ˲֪ΣգڱسأֻҪܹǳĴƽ;ܷŹ
ɾû˵ȴ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ҵʹѾˣĥȴոտʼҿδ￴㣬ѾǼˡйһУıͻ磬ֻڤڤиӦУ֮٣
ǰ
仰һ͵̧ͷ͸صɫ
ɾͨδ֪Ԥ֪δԼΪһԲ֪ٵΣǴɾȴͨԤ֪һС
ֱ
ɾȻ֮п⵽ԼеΣЩʮа˾Żᷢ˿Ҵ⡣
һѣһ㻯ȥ֮ҲʱһоֻܿԼں˵Ļÿһ֣㶼Ҫס
ɾտƺ͸޾ʱգ߲ϻ졣
ʴ֮ҹ㽫Ŀ飬ʧȥĶҲܵӴĹ¶סʱκ£㶼Ҫ֣һ·ˣ
ˣ
һ𣬵ûü˼߱ɾŵ
һΣڹⰵʱ٣һǸʱ򣬴Ҹҡܰˡ
δ䣬ǰâһͻȻһϵģԴʱĽңһֻɫĿ
лǰ
ͷĴӴɾнӹ˽ҡɾһǧܹ꣬ذصѰһӶ
ָ֣ܵǵ񣬿ġָ㣬˿Ҵ⡣
⣬СЩߵĺˣǽ谭
ɾ
䣡
仰һ͵̧ͷ֮ǰȻͬ
ǰʶЩˣ
һʯǧˣһɲǣвЩĪĺˣ弫õĴڡ鲻ǵҲ֪ǵȥ
ƫƫЩһ·׷ɱԼ
صصĴɹҲͬǵټ
ֹˣ֮ǰ˺ʹһǧ˿ƵԨԴ˵һ˿ԻشԼɻĻֻλʵͨһǧĴɾˡ
֮ǰɾһֱ˸Ī⣬߸ϵĸоƺûʲôܹǵᵽ˵ʱԿһ˿ӵɫ֮ǰûпġ
֮Ȼйϵ
пһʱʲôɾĻһνҿЩ˵ıɽһǡ
ҺǱͲӦô硣
ɾĵһ仰ɲǰĴɾһӹԺ嶸һ۾
ǰ
µûҺϵͬԴͬһˣ
ɾƺµҪ˵ʲôʯ쾪
䣡
š˼Ĳ²һ̵õӡ֤û뵽ǰɷǣɽǧŴ˵ĴɾȻЩ׷ɱԼĺ˾ͬһˡ
ô᣿
һɲǣɲ
ûбʷϲˣ
Ǵһ˺ͺ˻жԣЩɱ˲ˣھҪϯȥ
ǵʲôˣУǼΪʲôҪ׷ɱңǵҪõʲôǰ˵ϵͬԴǵﵽΪʲôӦþΪ˴ɹɣ
ǿѹе𾪵
һʯǧˣʵ̫̫ˣǰĴɾг̽
һУұӦø㣬ֻʵʵ̫ˣ˵̫࣬ڵк棬ҽҲ˺٣ıֻܸ㣬ǵĴԶԶԽʷÿĺ棬ǵӰ˵֮·ϣҪӦԵģ²ֻǳĺƽ٣ЩڰеĵˡúñҸǿӣδý󡣡
ŴɾֹӣΪʣòҵһԽԼʵˣ׷Ź
ǰԸ˵Ҳǿһʡöеӡǵʲôǳѵʲôϵ
ĬƬ̣ͻȻӻóöɫС޵
óöС޵ʱ򣬴ɾɫûʲô仯ǵ˵εĩպƽ֮ʲôϵʱ򣬴ɾȴ͵һԱ򶨡
һɲǣ忴ɾУһ˿㵵ɫ
һɲǣޱȡ
ɫͼǳĩռ̳ǳѵ߸ؼӡ֮һյĵáɾĲ˵ҲͰˣ飬֪ɡ
䣡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ڴɾ촽΢ţ׼˵һЩĩӡܵʱˣͻȻ֮䣬ҡضû巴ӦһӴľ糱ˮ㣬ͻȻɹ֮С
ľѾǳӴˣѾͻƿﵽ黯ʵʵʵĵزȻɾ˿ѷɫ壬ĳ̶ֳϼӲ֮嶼ҪǿҲӵġϣ
Ȼţ
ʱһζͻȻ̺һǿ
¡¡һ̣𺳵ĿУɹضҡֹˣɹڵĿռ䶼
ʯ䣬ĿӹɾһƳ䣬ɾıɫ
Ļˣ
һɲǣɾɫϾޱȡ
⵽ô£
ʲôˣѵ𣿡
Сģ


ͬʱ۾ĵطºĵشǹӴϢֵɲǣͬһ߲Ĵķޱȡ
ĵƷǳӣĵʱ䶯˶Ҫ
ԪһЩԡ
ͬʱ߻ǲǷʱ򣬸лͤȴüͷ΢壬Զ룬ºĵشĴɹ
֪Ϊʲôȥɹ֮󣬾ͳ׵ĴҰʧˣɹŶûд򿪡û֪淢ʲôҲû֪ʲôеı仯ȷȷʵʵ֮ġ


1547 ֲĴڣһ
Ҳо𣿡
ΧһƬңƬ֮ԶһͻȻлͤԺ
㻹ǵ֮ǰ˵Ļ𣿡
ˣ
ⷬлͤıɫ
֮ǰսʱʹһв˼׵֮һɱʵǿĺ졣ǣҲǵΪ׵Ļ֮ǰ˵һлԶûн
Ԫһ˼ǣ
лͤǰԪһ鶸Ȼޱȡ
ϣҲ´ˣȥСĽ䱸
Ԫһлһ仰û˵Լ˵Է±Ȼɵ˻ҪǿһܵĻᶼûС
Щԣ
ͬʱħҲͻȻˡüֱ˿ܾɲǲ
һֲõĸоǿ鷳ˣ
棬ǲСĹ
ʱ򣬹ħ׷ɱȻκͤͻȻڵ
ԣ
ʱҲˣüͷ壬ƺҲоʲô
һ࣬аˣ˴峤мҲüǡ
Ծ𶯲󡣳治°ɣ
˴峤нڵĴɹǵǡ
Ⱦ䣬ûгǾ취ǿн롣
а˳
ҲĶʱ˿̣ɹڲȴһƬš
һĻ̫̫ͻȻˣɾǸ֮ĶԻ͸¶Ϣ𺳲ѡ
ǰǸ˵˭⵽ô£
һǣּ䲻õĸо
ǸʱѾˡ
·ֻһɲǣֺͣɾٴ
ǵ֮ǰ˵һ֮л޴ΣڵһΣѾˣ
䣡
仰һ͵۾ɾ֮ǰ˵ĻȻǵֻһС̫ˣʵ˴ֲ
ʱޣڿʼһҪס˵ÿһ仰ÿһ֡õҵһöӡǣҲǶ缫ΪҪһ֮ǰᵽĺˣҲΪ˶
ҿӵһȻΪ˵㣬һ棬ҲΪ˶ԿǣöӡǡӹȥڣѾһǧˣȻ߾ȫأվˡ
ǵʲôǰѵͲܰ𣿡
ֱͦ
ûô򵥣öӡǣĲɣϣûʲôܹ֮𣬾Ҳһ⣬Ҳ޷ˣ㡣סȥܷ֮ҸöӣôһҪ취ȫռöķӡǶֹⳡƽٽΪҪ
УսţɾĻԽĲɾʵѾǿĴˣǴƺûаֹܹǸˡ
һɲǣ嶸ıɫ
ˣѾˣ
ɾƺ˵ĶǺܿ죬ɫ΢䣬͵̧ͷĿ͸Ϸ
һɲǣĿƺ͸ؿռ䣬˵رĳط
ͬʱӵصϣصĿʯԼһǧ׸ߵĵر

ԭһ˵ĵ棬һ紵һ̣һӰɢűѵذĻϢͻȻޱصڴ
˻һŽΧ֮ڣ߶Ťˣһۿȥһ˫̹ǵʲôҲ
ߣ
ףѶɵľ޴ӶǵѲӰһ䣬ը˷·һ㣬˲ʧ˵ر
صһͷͷǻ⣬ܵĳ޷뵽ĵشͻȻ֮оʲôëըԨӶķ򣬷̬ٴС
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬âһǵɫӰ㴩ؿռ䣬˵صס
ڿǵɫӰɲǣЩϣ˼ʱ䣬ͭƤǣߵ޷κεޣȻ֮սսǰĽɫӰоȻ¶˿־ɫ
һͷǿޣͷ­أڵϣɪɪֱ¡
ҰȻδǣôϻۣȴǿԱܣǰǸڵص׶֮е࣬ЩηޣҲоһԴܵĿ־塣
໣
ͻȻ֮䣬ͷ֮Уһͷƺͻ˶Ŀ־壬͵һԾ𣬳ǰ˹ȥ
󣡡
ʯ䣬һֻһ˫̹ǵŤͷһۣ򵥵߳һһ̣һͷ˳ȴػھǵӰɵĵطֱ䣬žһڵϣϢޡ
˵һ߳ȻӲһͷǿ
âһ˱ͷԡ
ɣ
ֻ֣ĸһ£ͷ͵޾ȻСһԹԸ󣬳ŶѨȥ
ǰһ̤¡ըѣ˱ٴʧͷ˷Ŵޱȥ

ˣ
˵ʱʱ죬Ϣʱ䣬ɹĺĵشû˿ףͻȻ֮䣬һӴĿֲϢɽص˵ĸ֪֮С
䣡
û˷Ӧһ̣âһһֻɫ˿ĳѥͻȻͨӰ̤֮˳һ̤֮С
û˿ͣ٣ĵشͻȻ֮ԶԶأʯ࣬һյյĵĵƻͻȻ任ҡҷҪ
ĵشԪһлͤ棬ħ棬еڣ˷׷׸оһֿµѹ·һֻɫѥӲ̤У̤˵ļϡ
ô£ҵ嶯ˣ
һɸͻȻ۾ͷ亹乡
һɲǣû˿ԵɣͻȻоһԴ־壬ͺèһ
ĸҲɽĺ֮㣬ҲɱǴûһֿµĸо־ǿ󣬵ֻҪķ֮ڣͻȥƴȥ
һ̣ûܵκεĹȴʧȥ˶ĿȨ·һָоҪ¡
Сģ
ͬһʱ䣬ԪһҲɫ䣬оһɿµѹˣû˿ĶһӴգʵޱȣͻȻԪһڱѸסһ˵ӣǹӴѹų⡣
ͬʱлͤ棬棬ħ棬棬а˺˴峤ڣ׷׷ųڵΪһסԼǿħ棬ֱһѸٻΪһͷľ޴ħ
һ˫޴УĵĹҫضŶֻͨɫ˿ġ


1548 ֲĴڣ
ô£⵽ʲôˣ
ħʶ˺˼ٴС
Ϊɽ˾֪аħͷħ治֪ǿĶ֡ûܰƵֵز˻û֣ٻ˹ħ仯ǿսơ
ڹħ˵ۼţ˻ԼƵֵز
ħ浣ĵǣǱ任ǿսƣ߻ô˵Ķ֣棬ߣǿҵĿ־ͲҲ㶼ûм١
СģС
һ࣬а˺˴峤ǻֻ˵һ룬˵ȥˡ
ͨڣǿµĴڣϢ籩㼱Ӵѹѹÿϣֱ˴
ôôµĶ֣
иоһǰδе𺳡
һ֮УֱһܵĳҪ࣬ϡŹֵֹŹֵĶֲڴˡعĻѾǳǿˣЩع˻Ҫǿ
ǰͨеǿڣڼĸ֪У֮ǰĻɡҪǿ
û˷Ӧ¡
գ֮䣬ѣһӶд˵ĿУ֮ͨУһֻɫ˿̤֮С
ǰ󲻹ʱ䣬ǵɫӰڴͨг˵ǰ
Ŀ⣬ͦεһ˷޾Ļǿҵˡ
˿ֲʵǰڳ˶оһģ·һСĸо
ˣһɽеĸ֣ÿһ˾Ͷ֮䣬ĪˤʯɽǺǰǵӰȣʱӫ֮£˫֮Ĳ಻Ե
飡
˷·һ㣬һһ̤֮Уǰ˹޵Ŀ£ƽذʵɢǿѹ꣬ڽڰθߡ
ã
һɲǼ䣬ĵشâ˸ɫ׷׿䣬ƴȫϵ˼㡣
ۣ
һȳܲס۵һſ͵һѪƲһ㣬ĵȥѸٱñ䣬Ϣޡ
һ̶ʱڣ㼸ʮֱӱѹڵϡԪһڵλãͨܵѹҲ
꣬һϸĿ籬һ㣬ܼޱȣԪһĳд
ɽУԪһޱȣųƷһӴͻָʹԪһܹԼٶȻָơԣʼգûܴԪһ
ȻֻƬ̵ʱ䣬䣬˵ĿУԪһѹ·ﵽ˼ޣ¡һ͵رѿۣԪһɫ΢䣬͵һѪ

һɲǼ䣬иɫ԰ףɫ䡣
ۿ˾Ҫͬǿµһ̣һֱֻ͵̽˹ץסԪһͬһʱ䣬˾Ԫףŷ˷׷׳֣˵ſֵסһ
쳷ǸĶ֣
лͤ˶𡣶Էʵ̫ˣǿлͤȻ˻ϴԹƶԷѧΪص㣬ʱҲȫ˲һ֮Կͷ
˵ǿѾԽʵѾǿ˾лͤԪһǿ߶Ѽĵز
һɲǣлͤĻ˸ɫֻ̣׷ȥ
ֻʱ˿̣ȴ·ûпڳһ㡣߳ͨһһ˫ңңŶ̻Ի͵Ĵɹ
ߣ㻹˸õط
Цһһ۶棬漴ĿջأǰԶʬϣ¹ͻɡ
ŴޱһնɱˣʵߵĻӵԶȴͨڡ
ˣ
һ̣û˿ףǵӰڣĽһ㣬ƮЩбò¶ĳµķ׭û˷ӦӿӰãеۻ㣬Ѹٱ
ʲô
һĻͷƤ飬оЩȴû֪ô¡ֻôһɲǣоЩƺһЩģ񣬲ͣߡ
ЩˣȻʱ⵹֮ǰһ飡
ʱȺҺ󷽣аһ£漴иоһǿҵ𺳡
Уֻаܹ뵽֮Դ磬Ҷ쵽ÿһ仯Ϊˣа˲ųȫΨһһʲôµˡ
ֵģӰǱģ֮ǰսĳ
ǿµĴھȻһֲ˼ֶΣ֮ǰ﷢һУǰֻΪٶȿ쵽˼㣬˲޴ӿ̽
аҲĴʦҲûмʶֶΡ
а˴֮Դ̽ʱһ࣬ԭڹۿǰӰĽɫӰƺоʲô͵Ťͷаһۣһ۱̹ǡ
һۣ¡ɲǼ䣬аԺشɫһףһ΢˼

һ󾪺аʲôΪ˴峤ͼˡΪаһˣа۵ͷ̸ɫ䣬˵а˵޲˱ᡣ
书ǾüӲޱȡ
ǽֻһۣȻʹааһˣشǿ̶ȳ˵󣬼ֱ˼顣
һ˲䣬˴峤˶˵ļɵ֮Ũҵ˼㡣
ߣ
ȻֻһЦа֮Դ֮󣬻벻⣬עתƵǰ任ĹӰϡ
һﵽ񣬻ˣ
ʯ䣬һ𺳲ѣ˾Ͷ㣬ڻûֵ£а˺Ԫһɾ뢣ʵ֮ǿֱ˷ָ
һǣǰǵӰÿж˾塣ͺ񰸰ϵ⣬ʱ׸һ
һֻ࣬ʱ䣬˱Ѿ˹ӰĩβҲʩչɽɱ¹ɵĳ
һȺС¶첻ã
ǵɫӰǰĹӰܿɢȥһ㣬ڰеͼҲͬͶְ㣬ջصڡ
ŵѾûϢʬ壬һ˿ŭɫ
ܹҵϼһĲ֮ǶЩôȻˣҾ͸һλᣡ
δ䣬͵һ̽ˣһ̣֮ͻȻһǺ
𺳵ĿУԭѾһʱ¹ڣһɹɹĺ̴ͷ­λúХĲҽǴͷ­λ÷ġ
ϸȥͻ֣ᷢŨ֮УƺӰӰȻ͵ϵ¹λ߰˷ֵơ
ڳȡǵ꣡
˲Ϣ䣬һ⻮Ժ𺳣׷æȥǵӰĿ⣬翴ֲĶħһ㡣


1549 
꣡
ߵĽҲĽɣǿ书ҲԳȡĵز
¹λɣѾһʱˣǰǵӰȻԴڳȡ꣬ѾֿԽ͵ġ
˿Ǳнǿزܳˡ
һʱ֮䣬棬ħ棬棬аħͷҲɫ԰׷׷ȥ¶ηɫ
ȻҲΪɽеаħͬڽɱ˲գۣʮָ֮մѪµɱ
ǰȣȫС׼ˡ
˫֮Ĳ಻Ե
ǰڰ֮У·һӰȴ˿ûע⵽ڳˣͺѹһ
ָһ̣һĿ޺У¹ʬг꣬Ȼǿмѹһš

һĿһеߣ͵شһŵõڵأ亹乡
һ֮УΣգٿֲΣҲȲ̶Ϣ俴Ķ֮
ħħ࣡
һ۾ǻ̻Ϳ־塣
ǰֻƬ̵ʱ䣬пֲĽɫӰѾ˸졣
ָ֮䣬̹һȫµֲһ㣬˻𣬵ȴʼ޷ͻָ֮䡣
ĿʼûڳˣĿ⻺ɨأܿڲԶնɱ¶ʬͣ
һССʿξͱˣ
˵Ƭл죬δ䣬˷·һ㣬˲ں¶˵ʬϿաָһţǵոɹͬʱ߱¹ȫ꣬Ϊһ⣬Ѹû뵽ʬڡ
꣬һҵĹǽڶ˵ĿУѾ˲ʱĺ¶ȫۿɼٶȼͣͺڣһͷһ㡣
һȻӺ¶Ŀз𺳵ĿУѾȥĺ¶͵شӵվ
Ѿǳĸߴ࣬һɫӰʹõֶδ̼£ٴαһأﵽߵĸ߶ȡ
ɺ֫ҲͣվȺ֮кȺͺһͷľһ㣬һߡ
飡飡
ܿ죬ߴġˡתڳˡ
һɲǣÿ˶۾˫۾ɺѪҳ˻ҡ񱩡Ѫ޾ĻͺһͷεҰޡ
ǱһλᣬЩͨͨɱ⣬һϣһ㲻ʧ
ʱǵӰˡ
仰ǶˣǶŴӵվĺ¶˵ġ
ƺ˵ڳκһˣ˵κһ仰ݡ

߻Ӧģһ
䣡
ڳл֣̿û׵׷ʲôµʱ˲Ϣըâһ·һ㣬ǵɫӰٴƾʧ˵Ұ֮С
һ˻𣬵ضҡ¶һʩչǿƽʿ
ֻֻһΣ¶˱仯Ļƽʿ֮֮ǰκһζҪߴֲĶࡣ
䣡
һֻ޴ȭͷصĺ£˱ըҽ֮ʱڶ
ͬʱ֮ǰͨİããĿռ䣬âһһӰ׵ٶȴռѸһζֻһǣ㴩Ƭռ䣬ִ˺󷽺ĵĴɹ
䣡
âһһֻص̤£˴ɹ֮С
һɲǣ칬綼˽²
ּˣôˣ˶ΪѾˣû뵽ȻһǵΪʬɣ
ǱռֱӺ壬˶ϥĴɾϡ
ˣ
ͬʱɾԺ̾Ϣһ
ٽһЩֻϧԷñԤеĻҪ죬Ѿûʱˡ
ô꣬û뵽Ǳˡ
ɾһ̾Ѹ˶صӰ
һֱԹۣɾ˵仰ʱƵӰͻȻɢȥŨĽ⣬¶ݡ
һòʮҵߣɫͥ˿̬
վ˫֣ϴһϮɫۣһޱȡ
ݣʹκεƣǴ󲻾֮Գ壬ǰһˣް˼ɡ
ϸȥͻ֣ᷢϵۺۣۡƣȴȻͬʮֹϣκƶͬ
Ŀģ޼ɵĴۣ촽ϵƺ롣ƺʽɫɫϸ壬Ҵ촽ߴ£ϸȥͺ룬л֮
ȻȻƹŹ֣ȴû˿ӣ֮߳ġ
ǿǳǿ
˳ֵɲǣ˲ͷƤ飬ȫ£ÿһë׶оһǰδеӴΣ
ģ
һǣԺһǿҵıֱܺ
һûԹǿĶ֣Ѿﵽ΢¹λɶ
һοǰĪġһβһΣѣȫеĸо
ǿǰ˵սսͷ˲
ȫÿһϸڸԲС
ָо岢İֻԼǿ˫żӴĺ蹵֮ʱŻֵıܷӦ
ʣǰĻѾȫԼ𣬸ڵԼԶԿġ
ߣ
ûȵ룬һߴС
̧ͷһɲĻУһĺâ
ɾĻĻĺûУ˲֡
䣡
ʯ䣬ƵɽХ㣬ǵأ˲ŶĴɾԼԱߵӿ
Զڻ֮ǰ̳ϣɾƺϵһ죬ضûУһ˳ָļϡ
СģⳡսԲμӵģһָܰﵽˣ
ɾ¡¡ףԺδ䣬һɱҵ˲ûڡ
ǰ
ֻü˵֣һת͸оԼһӴתƳ˴ɹ
ͬʱ
¡
Ӵڲ֮ϣضΪ֮ɫĿֲڴɹ֮ҵıը
һ춯صľ죬ۼɫĴɹ⣬ǵ̵ĽɫѸٱը
ˣֻһգۣɫĴ⣬վһͼеߣڱըѸٻ촷ۡ
һֽɫģ̫֮Ҫҫ򱶵ĹâƲЪһִݿ࣬޵еķʽ˷ը
ĵشֻһ˲䣬ȫǿµȫ


1550 ռ
Զ꣬ģ̵ɫʯţѸٹ̮Ϊʯʯ˵ĵƻһ׹ȥ
һͬ׹ȥĻصģнǧ׵Ĵִ
ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬һվĵ棬ǻԵĽУƬѸ̮
һվԵߣ߶ûкһһֺ޷£׹·޾Ԩ


⵽ô£
Сģ
ҲҪ

ҵıըƬΨһվĵط׵Ļ塣
ߣ
һɫ䣬һЩѸٳͨڳȥ
һ̣һһɫĽƣ沼ϵķģ赲ǰһײͨڵĽϡһǿɳȥ
һЩߣײнƵͬʱͱ̺ӴýϹۣ飬
һЩȻѣǽаԵĻ˳ƺǵڣҰһ㣬ڵľմ
ЩܹһǶĸ֣ǿĽǰ׷׵ĸһ㣬ȫǶ֡
Ǹ쵰
ʯ䣬һЩӦ
ʣƾռͨϵĽƾ֮ǰǸ˲µģʵʵ̫̫ߣڳô֣Ȼûκһ˷ʲôʱµġ
쵰
һ߾Ľ
ȻҪĵĻԶֹҰ֮УһͷﵽʮףΰŰͬħһľˣѸٱƽһֻɫľ޴ȭСȺڵλصĺ
ҵıըУ߱ɳȥ
ĺ¶죬ǿĳ˵
䣬ӴĻƽʿһȭ䣬գ֮䣬һ֧ɫȭͷðŹĺٴκ

ҽУʮߣ߷ݰ˳ȥ
˱ĵطѾСڻƽʿķ񹥻ƻ֮£˶ʱ׷׹ȥ
Сģ
ʯϷʦаͬ׹Ⱥ֮Сһ̫ͻȻȫ޲Ĺ
վĵط𣬾аǿߣҲԱ׷׹䣬Ԩо޴˳ŵײȥ
䣡
аǧʩչ£һɹϵĴ˷ۣа˵ĲٿȥϣԴơ
飬һĥ̴СʯͷţϷа˽һ̤ʯϣʯ׹ȥаȴԼࡣ
Σ£аɱ侲򶨡
飡
ʯ䣬аһը͵һ䳯бϷȥһ̣һӴϷ׹µ˴峤½ٶȣΪ˴峤ӮһѵõĴϢ֮
õһ˿˴峤羨һ㣬һһƣ͵̤һʯϣڰ˶ʱڣ׹Ԩˡ
һ࣬Ԫһлͤ桢棬˶ʩչӦⳡͻΣ
ˣ
׹ʱ򣬺ĵشâһƾ֮һӰ
ǣô
ܵĻ׹ʯе´Ӵһ
ֻ֪һˣȴû뵽
ĵشĳ棬ȫûشݡֻϸ룬·ԨӴ£һʯ㣬ֱ׹ȥ
̶ʱڣӦ¡Ϊһӿ˷
컯
ʯ䣬ԥʩչžѧ
֮޴Ĵ컯Ƿӳ׹һϡ

ͬʱ嶼ûע⵽·׵ĵطһӰ嶸ıɫ
룡
ɲǼ䣬ŮһХ쳹ء
ݣͬʱһɫ˿磬͵شϷ׵ĵط
˿ϸƬ
˿ϸ緢絶赲סö˿ǰᴩһЩˣһΨֱ֮
ȻŮ޶ãȻ¡
ֻһݣ͵һ̤һ׹ʯϣèбݶڷɳͬʱŮԼٶȡһֻɫ˿ףѸٴϣȻֱһ죬ץס˿һ˸Ѹ˿Ҳұϡ
飡
˵ʱʱ죬Ů͵һĳҲ㣬ͬһʱ䣬ӻȡһöƴСͭɫŴε͵ұϡ
꣬һ죬ϵĴұڲԽԽһĺ·ǧ޴Ļת
飡
һ̣һĻ˲˼鷢ˡʯ䣬ͺ񴥷ĳռĻһұ飬ʯ飬һ޴ͭ㣬͵شұ¶
һ飬飬顭
£ң״Сɫͬͭϴұڵֻ˲Ϣ䣬ĵشĵεòʱ˷츲صı仯
ԶԶȥЩͭԨе׳ޱȡ
׷ȥЩ飬һͭ˵ľݡ
ô£
ô࣬ץס
һߴϲұĵطһԳһ죬Ѹץסһͭ
䣬һ޴ʯ׹ͭ棬ͭҵĲӴĳ亹ֱҲҲѡ
ͬʱҲ׷ʩչһ㣬һͭϡ
һұ棬Ůȴûں·ı仯ĿѩһֱŰ֮ԶԶȥָֻ׸ǴС塣
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬׹׵ʱ򣬴Ů죬͵һĳһ뵽öƴС״ڡ
һֻ̣һľ죬һ޴ͭʯзѸٷ·
һĻͻ嶼Ϊ֮һ
죡
Ů콹ұڴӦһӴߣǿ޴ͭԱߵұڷȥ
䣡
ͭڶұڣıըһɹɵ̳
һɲǣƿնһ˸ڱԵұϡ
¡¡
Ȼ˲Ÿոӹһ٣ûüһһ̣һ춯صıըϷ
һ͵̧ͷ
Ϸǧ׵ĸ߿УһֳޱȵġաϷաֲϢƺƣɿֲѹǿҵĿϷϯ£ǺХĿ紵ͷķ˿졣
Ϸ޴Ľɫţһж¶˾ηɫ
ɾǼңһһ
ʯ䣬һ߸ϣޱȣӽɫĹдÿһ˵񾭡


1551 ħ֮һ
Ǹ
ͷϷͫһ˳ͻȻֵĻԼԺпӰһģһȻΪƵԭ򿴲ףϵһޡ
ϣɾҪ¡
Щ뵽Էڣʵǿν߲ƣ߲֪ɾܲܶԸ
ͷոӹԺ˴ɾĩӡҲύǵģİɣ
ɾ¡¡ףϷ侲
¡
û˷Ӧգۼ䣬õͿ־ײ㣬ٴײһ𣬾޴Ƭءգۼ䣬ϷʯƬ׷׺Хţ·ȥ
Сģ
һĻһʧɫ
ЩʯǴӸߴҲͰˣǻǴɾʵѾǿκΪ֮־ĵزЩʯϷµʱ򣬹ЮǵľֱΣյĹ˵Ǽв
䣡
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ʯʯ㣬ХŴϷ
飬ֻһܼײʯײұвͭϡ

һ˫ԮͭԵߣܵʯػ˻ûзӦͬϷͭڣһȥ
䣡
һһײϷ߾ֵĿϷ׷Ųܡ
ʹɾ̫ǿˣЩ׹ʯұͭҲܲסֳҵϡ
Сģ
ʯ䣬а˵һȴϷ͸һ˿
̧ͷȥֻϷһصĴʯͷһ·Ծ˵ٶȳԼʯδ׹£͸о棬絶һ㡣
䣡
ʯ£ڵͭأͬеͭȫҳ黨׹ʯֱݽұڡ
̫ǿˣ
ȻԺ֮׹ľʯǱը˲ҲһּΣյĸо

ۿϷʯԴԴϵ׹û˿ԥѸʩչſѧ
һɲǼ䣬ԲڣеĶͬϷ׹ʯڣȫĴǣ£ŲƱ仯
Щ׹ʯУÿһ鶼ӵо˵Ӳӣ֮١˵òӲӣֻҪô컯ıƶĹ켣Ϳˡ
һֻ̣һ춯صıըССʯ飬׷׺ԼΧ˲׹Χһ˵ĵط
𣡡
ҲʱͻȻһ˷ˣ޷޵Ϸ
û巴ӦһӴĺӰСɽ㣬ȻϷ˻δһֻ޴ĺɫȭŨ̹ȻԼߺɨ
ֻȭǰһֻϰ㣬ûһָߡ
Сģ
ŮԶһĻɫһףɫ䡣
ڵĻƽʿ֮ǰȫͬڳԨֲһҲ޷֮⡣
䣡
ƽʿ޴ȭ£ýԶûпһǹУ
ķӦ΢һߣڹٵɲǣһݶͬʱڰȫ
¾
ʯ䣬һƥĽֱ̺ڱޱȵĽֻһɲǣ㴩ؿռ䣬ƽʿһ
Ԥϵ鷢ˣһɵ˶ӲӣʱĻƽʿһȴûһ
ǵˣ˶£ȫԨصױǿٴն
µʱ忴÷ܵʯ㣬Զûƽʿڣؿڱľ޶ۿɼٶѸ֡
ǻԵһȻûжκεӰ졣
ܿ죬ͷӦ
ʯı壬ûж˺
а
ŵĵѾݻ٣˶׹䣬ҵصԨеӴֻ£ÿʱضΣ֮С
ǻƽʿͬʯϵóġֵطˮԨص׵û̫Ӱ졣
һͷԺзӶһ̣һһ㵹ƮƮܹ˻ƽʿһ
ڷɳͬʱһһӴľ֮ɨƽʿӴҪѰһƽʿûбȾġ
ԤУƽʿಿֵʯӦǺֿʵȴȫͬ
һɲǣ֣ƽʿȫ£˵ĸоһģһʯȫѪ֮
Ӿάȣȫ޷ֻƽʿڡ
ôܣ
˲Ϣ䣬Ƥһ΢΢ɫ
ͺ¶컯Ļƽʿսӡֻһ˲䣬ӦЦһ
ߣƾѲסң
һ̣һѾʵʻľƺƵ糱һ־˵ķʽ޲ײȥϷľްӴġƽʿײһ
¡
Ӵľ޻ɣȭȭ⣬·һ㣬ײһһɲǣȻԺоܵ޴ĳƽʿͬҲ˷ǳ
ľȥɲǣҡضһƳ䣬忴÷ƽʿں̹ȻðΣһĿŤ˻
ľǣܵ徫ײ¶ʹɫĺӰȻģŤϣɿһЩϤ
Сģ¹ɵǣŵ˻ƽʿڣɣ
ʱа˽ͻȻϷ
ʲô
ԴΪԾ
Ĵɹ֮Уı仯˽⣬ڻ˻ǣһƽʿ£֪
¡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬Ҳʱһһֻ˶ȭԾ˵͵غ˹ʱִ٣ֻþۼͬӳһȭȻ˫Ĺҵײһ
ֻһ죬һɲǣоԼһɽУͷĿѣѪڣֻúͷһ𣬲һѪ³
ͷƽʿľΪԶûô£ڵʵѵֵ
䣬ֻͣ˰̣ͱƽʿɽľ죬ݺɳȥ
𣡡
һۣ忴ƽʿ޴ұϣûұУұΪһ塣ͷһȦϸСϵطɵĺɫԲͻȻ֣ǹԲ֮зһӴ¹˵Ѹ˽ȥ


1552 ħһ
ͬʱ꣬ƽʿڷһı죬˷ʯ׷ƿնŻƽʿԶ˳ȥ
ƽʿѾǳӴ󣬵ʱ򣬷·õһɶݼһɽͰȻٳ߸ͷһٴβ
ʮףʮףȻﵽ˾ʮףӽ׵ĵز·һ㣬𺳲ѡ䣬󣬻ƽʿ˫粿λ˫հֱ۶Ȼѳ
գ֮䣬ƽʿ仯һ˴δı۹ֱ仯εı仯ƽʿ˵ʵҲʱﵽһ˿־ĵز

һƬƬɫХţ·һ㣬ıۻƽʿڱˡӹգ屻֮ߺɨȥ


һĲҽУһұͭϵߣɲֵ壬ѸʯֻǺ֮ǰͬбеȫ˺һ㣬Ѹʯ
һϣ
ʲôԴУ֣ɵ
ƽʿϷұڵĵطһŭţ͵شĵط·ıۻƽʿȥ
Ǿ޴Ļƽʿûһۣһɺɫľ˴ϷӹмˡǼеͬڣѸٱڡʯȻ㣬ӿ׹ȥ
Сģǵħ֮
ʱ򣬴ŮԶԶұڵһ˴̼ޱȡ
ħ֮
Ƥһϸ룬һˣƽʿţѾһȭԶԶ˹õĻƽʿʵʯһֲĵزĹͱĵطҲòݱӧ
飬˫һգ幰һ䣬ѸٵʮһұڡڿҪ׹Ԩɲǣֱһ䵽·һͭϡ
ŮٻЩͭʱ˿̣ѩ̿㣬˼á
ߺţҸɵǸСӣɱˣ
ʱ򣬻¡¡ףͻȻϷ
һݣһ̣ϷĻƽʿ˻һ·ķ׷ɱ׷ɱʱ˷ҰΧ֮ڵߣͬĹΧ֮С
䣡
Ũ̹ɽұϵĻƽʿһܱصĻߵʹݻٵЩұеͭҲֲһһݻ١
ɱ
һЩŭţұϵɣӸŻƽʿ𹥻ͼζұϵġɫħ񡱹

ʱ򣬾棬ӰԾɣһھ岻Զĵط

һ۱˳
û취Ǹͷ޵Ķ֣ͨĹûáϵҲ̫񣬾󲿷ֵĹᱻҲ赲
ֹˣ֮ǰϷһڣһûһ˿Ӱ졣аĶǴޱȣ̺綾ϷԼһ£һܵסһѾˣ
ͬʱХһӰڵλø˹
忴һۣҲǴΪ죬Ȼ档
Ŀ΢΢Щ΢ҲЩΣܿ죬ͱתƻ⣺
ڽɹʱѾɱһˣûĶ֡ҡлͤһ֣ûɱ
ʲô
ҲΪ֮ݡ桢ԪһЩжǵʵҲɱͷƽʿֱ𾪡
ڲʱͱڸǵս֮ǻȸϵԨײ˵
Ԫһ
ͨҲԹˣ㾡ȫҲ޷ƻͨڵǲƣ㱻Ƶˡ߲ͨͨˣ
һӶд˸лͤһͭƽ̨ϣҲڵ
лͤʵɽйϵģ˻ϴƻǾ˫Ҳòϡлֶͤ޷طӡˣ˾͸Ӳˡ
лͤһ䣬΢˵ĿⲻԾ塣
ԪһǼʮ϶ͷ˺ɽҲжԹΣյ£˶ѷӣ޳ɼĺ
ʱеĺүõĻ
֮ǰһնɱ¹ɣֳɹ˴ɹ֮ѾʵǿġʱʱҲհ
¡
ʱϷͱϣƽʿҲ־ۼһԪһˣֱһӣ״ֵľ޴۰͵شұϳһ߰ʮ׳ľ޴ʯһΪһʯޣ˦˹
ʯ˦ʱŨ̹ƽʿ˳ǿʯ֮
䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬վĵطʯһ飬ҵرըʯͬұϵͭһ˷ȥ˲Ϣ䣬âһû˿ԥ塢Ԫһлͤ棬볯Ԩײȥ
¡¡
ʱһѵص죬ϷԨ
ɾͻһĿֲǿҵײһǽɫľ˽ռҫͬһƬ磬ҲԼұϵͭǳҵĽһɫ
ֻһգۣǴƬʯӶ䣬·
˵ƽʿΣӰΣôɾͻǿսನǱȻƽʿΣաһӶ׹ʯұϴʱ˵Ǹв
ߣ
޳ɣˣԨײȥ
һ̣ĿɨϷһұڵʱƤһ˲ɫ
Ů죡
һͭϣϳһϤӰǴŮ졣
֮ǰսУƺҲܵ˲ɫ԰ףϢңϷƬʯ飬ʯķ䡣ŮɫţԵֵס
Сģ
һݣı䷽·ϣӭΣգðͷʯ꣬ŴŮķȥ
䣡
ٶȼ죬һ磬Σյұѱ仯ŴŮڵλüٽӽ
ڷݶͬʱеĳһӣһɫĽҫ۴ĿгЩƥĽʯ׹֮ǰѾЩʯ׷ϡ飬ɸСƬӿ׹
Щʯÿһ鶼̺ž޴ĲʱҲоһǿķ֮


1553 ħ
Сģ
ۿһ޴ʯ֮٣ŴŮ䣬ʯ䣬ϸ룬һݣұһ󴮲ӰһץסŮ죬ͬʱɽ鱬㣬ͷľ޴ʯ
䣡
ʯ׹䣬ͬʱ̺Ŵɾͻ˵Ļá
ܵ޴ʯٰͣ룬Ȼ¡һڴŮԭվĵطұը
ãһ٣
ԶâһʹŮӰʱ¶
Ժ֮һ

ǰĿ꣬Ů˾긦û뵽ʱոһɲΪԼҪˡ
߰ɣ뿪˵
վһͭƽ̨ϣΧʯᾣͷϷһҵĽⲻӰ᾵ʯһ汻ճĽɫһԵԽ
ǵսԽԽˡ
̧ͷϷҫ仯ҫ۽⣬ǵǡ
Էܹۺ¹˵ĻǣһµĻƽʿһܺʹɾս൱ʵ֮ǿֱ
ڳˣڣûĶ֡ɾס˿ֻ·һ
ЩͷԺһζץŮݶ£ѸԨײȥ
ں󷽣׵ĵطһŭͷҫ£ұϾ޴Ļƽʿеа㣬ӴֱۣԵԽ
ⳡΣУΨһܵӰˣǿĵϵʹЩʯĹȫߡ
𣡡
ʯУƽʿͬ·׷ɱ
ܲƽʿ׷ϵߣһ׷ʯͳͳɱڻƽʿǰЩ˵ʵʵ̫ˡ
ѵûа취Ը𣿣
ͻȻڵںУĿҲһֱ۲ϷʱעŻƽʿĶ
ôڻƽʿУǶɽ磬Ƕļƻ˵һ޴ʧͷдɾͻ֣Ƭʯ׹ֻºͻƽʿ֣˶һ䲻״̬
ûõģʵ̫ǿǸĶ֣
һԣŮ޷ɢңҡҡͷ
죬ոᵽħ֮⵽ô£Ȼֶ֪ѵûӦƽ֮𣿡
һ˿ϣʵ˵һܹ˽ĿǰҲֻдŮˡ
߿ˡħ֮ڴʱǰķҲżȻɵ伮пŷļأûаĴڣҾͻҵǰ
ŮҡͷЦ
㿴ĵ伮ôصģ
ʱһϵƮʯУаƻʵ죬Խһ׹ʯ˴ŮҲһͭϡɫأʱ˿̣˴Ů죬û֪ĵϸ
ħ֮Ľطʩչû֪ǴһĹżأֶһɣ㲻ˣҲԳ֮ΪħߡħǵϵߵϵǿΪѣҲǵ
֮ǰƽʿѾɱϸϣѾǸˣֵħڵ˺ȫߡͬʱصĻԼǱĵϵֿʹǴӴԴԴϵؼȡʱԽãǵʵԽǿ
ŮԼǵõĵ伮һһ
ϲûκִħǿ󣬿Ѿ۰¡죬һ룬ǲǻʲô
һбɲǴ˴峤һͭһ̤ͬʱһ죬һͷϷ׹ʯݺɳȥȻھŮ첻ԶһطĿڴ
ǰ˵ĲȻûȱݵĹħ֮ҲˡֹΪǿۺߵ֮꣬䣬ݣֻʱΪһ壬Եħ֮ĹﲻһֱȥվΪ֮ĲݶƮɢֻ
Ů̧ͷһϷŭĻƽʿߡħû˵ȥ
һɲǣŮȻû˵ȥѾ˼ͷĴħ˵վɢȴûʱȥˡ
ڵĵǣӵ󣬻ǵͷħң⴦ԨҲе׵ġȵ·ʱľ¸ӲܶԸͷħˡ
аɫأ˵ʱ̧ͷƳһϷɲǼ䣬˸Ŀ׷Ͽȥ
ֻ仯һϷб¡ʯ꣬ⰵϷ׹ôһͷ޴ĵħֱ裬ͬϵľ޴㣬˵ķѸ
ڽҫĺڰУħֻɺ۾ֲޱȡ
ôһֳ˲پ롣
ӰӰΣΣգͣҲΣգһ·ǲûᰲȫһɲǼ䣬˵Ŀⶼ塣
ӣأ
ʱлͤҲڵԪһҲ֪ʲôʱ˹Աߡ
ʵ̫ǿƾǼԸֻаټǰں󣬼֮пܸɵܵĻ취жұ֮ϵˤȥĻ˵лɹ
Ƭ̣ͻȻڵ
Ļ˵˵ͷѸٴһ¡˷׷ɢһ߶ͷʯ꣬һ߼·Ԩȥ
塢桢桢ԪһлͤԼ˵ĺ٣ܿ죬ߴ˷Ѹٻ㼯
ܱͷħɱ˲ˣټ֮ǰʹɾһ֣ʱҲвɵ׹ȥдɵɲ
ߣڣǻʲô
ͷɱôˣӲ޵ˣһϣɵ
ɱûôףһϣ

ԨУҫһӰУſڸطյ塢Ԫһ˵ٻĿѩȫǿĶ־׷״Ӹطƾ۶
𣡡
һ׼һ춯صɽͰӴĵħţұѸٳ·ȥ
ⱬȫϢǳҵڰеĵƹ㣬Ѹͷħע⡣һ˲䣬ͷħŭĿ꣬Ѹٳ·һ͹ʯϵȥ
ˣ
ͷħ˲Ϣ׵ұڣѸٳӽΧһںڰеߣ׷׾


1554 ħ
ž
һƬž
͵ұϣͷħľ޴󶯾طһƬڣâһħӴͱϽҫһ·뵽ڵĺڰش
𣡡
ֻһ춯صͻȻ֮䣬ħӴһδұվߴ׵Ŀֲ߸ִͦұȻĿǰڰͬϰ壬Ȼޱ֮٣ݺ˹ȥ
¡
һͬ׳磬ǺޱȣӴѾԶԶԽ۷󽫼𣬼ҲԵֵ
ˣ
˱ը˲Ϣ䣬ʮһƬκˡۿǾ޴ȭͷգԾ˵ٶȳԼվұϣϷû˿η塣
ʮɣʮɣʮɣֻ޴ȭͬѹѹưԽԽʱͫһû˿ԥȳ
ڣ֣
һȣ쳹ķ
һźţɲǼ䣬˷û˿ԥ԰ټǱڰ֡
һɲʱ·ֹ
¡¡
ʯ䣬ͷطţھ޴ĵħ£âһһֱﵽʮ׵ľ޴ֻ֣һǣ͵رը
ض
ͼѧһŴ󷨣ʩչʱҪʮһϣ󷨹עʮֻݵ󷨵ıը
ͼһһֱûлʩչ岻ͬ㹻߹ʱ
ֹˣڲʱ廹տһǱ顣м˴ضϵİ汾ͬʱҲİ汾彫뵽У󷨵
䣬һ̣˽ڴĿУħʮ׷ΧڵĵѸٱȻֻǸʼ
䣬ԵħվĵطΪģ⣬һƬһƬҲ׷׷顢ѡըֻգۼ䣬ħ֮أͬΧɵķΧȫ͵رը԰ֵʯͬӴĵħͬɰ㣬ͱϻ䣬ɳ£׹ȥ
Ƭ˵ִ֮ǰ˾ѾֹƬұڸɶ桢桢Ԫһľǿߣټ԰ټƵֱͨը˶ġ˵ıը΢ǿҲҪˡ
վڱըķΧڣȻҲܵ˲ֻһУ׼
ݣ
ҲƬҲ㱬ըͬʱ˭Ҳûע⵽ִһֻɫ˿ףָ䣬Ѿסһϸ緢ɫ˿ضͬҲ˿֮һµһ˶ȥ
ͬʱŭֻɱ¾ܵĵħУһ͸һ˿֡ͷħȻѾɥʧǣǶĿ־壬ﶼǹͬġ
໣ȣûͷҲܸоħӴԾ˵ٶȳ·׹䣬Ѹ·ĺڰС
ɹˣ
һϲһжƻһģһɽͨͷħʵǿҲһС
ã
ͬʱ˷һΧ߷׷׸ŻӸոյڣ֪жͷħСڣ޴вڱɵˡ
ã쿴
˵ʱʱ죬׷ܵʱͻȻ֮䣬һ˵ĶһɲǣеĻȫʧ
У屾Ѿ˿˳ȥ󾪽Уͷ¿ȥ
ֻ·ĺڰħӴԨµ£ڼ׹ʱ򣬲֪Ϊʲôħ׹ٶͻȻŻ˺ܶࡣ
ã
ͫһʯ䣬Ŀ͸غڰ׵·ħ׹ͻȻ벻ı仯
׹ʱ󡢴׳ֱ߰״ֵۣͻȻή̣ұȴһ˲䣬һ
¡忴ȥʱÿħ޴ʯצݺץһ뵽ұ֮С
ôܣ
һĻ˵壬Ԫһ桢桢桭е߷׷״ʧɫ
˭Ҳû뵽ͷħȻֶͨΣȻܹȡ̡ʩչͨ񹦵
꣬ħ˫צץʯڵӰ˶ľ·ֻצӲץұϣץϡ޴ĳ£ʯұϻ䣬ԶԶȥħצֱұץ߰׿ʮ׳ۡ
𾪵Ļħǻƽʿӵǿĵϵħֻצץʯʱ˷һͱھͺһƺҪ͵ħ׳ֱۣԼӴΪһ塣
ãɹǰˣ
ɫһ䣬ħٶ½ϸ룬һݣ˿ͬʱı䷽򣬳·ĵħ׹ȥ
ʦ

棡
׹ͬʱ
ϣɹˣ˶
һ͹ʯԪһһĻҲ΢΢ɫ
ϸ룬ԪһһΣͻȻ·ֱ˹ȥͬʱлͤ˾ԪסŷҲ׷״Ӹصĵط˳ŵħ׳ֱ۶ȥ
ˣǿ
һĻһһне÷ǳ˳˭뵽ʱ򹦰ܴɡ
䣬ֻһֱ̹ӻΪһʮ׳ĺұڼɣԼٶȣһ·ĵħȥ
¡¡ҡضͬʱ桢ħʩչԵĻǧĹ䣬ͬһͷ޴Ĺħεض𣬳ͷ޴ĵħ˶ȥ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬һڿһۣеĴɽͷ½ϣ˽һԼĲʩչ˼£͵նڵħһޱϡֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һ춯صľ졣Ľ䣬ֱӽħһ׳ұնϡ
һʯ쾪ԽǵħҲֲħִټ䶪ʧһֱۣ־ŭǰϡС壬͵һ
໣
˱ը˹ǧˣͷϷȥһˢģеħīκ˰ʯ
ǰɫ˹һݣϸ룬¡һ˲ը廤У͵ħǺƴײһ
ƽʿľ缶ûдﵽ΢ģǰĵħѾȫˡȾ߱¹˵ͬʱֻ˻Ļƻ
ɫʵʣƺƵϵĦǳԽ΢˴˻ͻų⣬ȫͼʯ

ӴĵطһƬƬɫҳҲϵȥֻЩҳ污ֽʯ̶Ⱥ֮


1555 ɱħ
ͬʱ߱Ŵ컯ԼִɹһƥĴɽǺųƲĵħҪʯҲ¡
һ֮
ʱһȴʯ䣬ӰѸڵħһδϵľ޴ֱϡ
飬Ԫһлͤͬ滯ĺйħ滯ľ޴󺡹ǣھ޴ֱϷ񹥻
𣡡

˻ϴ
ħһ

ʯ䣬ֹ㣬ʹŵħһޱۡ
Ԫһһβȡķʽһɹɵɫľƿնûħʯޱ֮СЩɫˮкأھޱ֮еߣֻһΣЩħ
ȱռᣬŨǿ󵽼£ͻתһִĻֻһħϵʯ׷׿ѣҴƬƬİ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬лͤĴһغ䣬ɲǼ䣬һɻԵĲлͤĵطΪģѸŵħޱԼڲȥֻһգۣ׶ʮ׳ķΧڣޱеʯṹ׷ױѣһ־˵뻬Ԩ
ֻɽͰĵħұڼϵһ룬ʱˤȥ
𣡡
ȻֻһɽͰĵħƺҲоΣ˲Ϣ䣬ֻݺݲұ֮еצӣԾ֮ƣɴɵʯ籼ӿĳˮһ㣬ӿħľޱۣѸٲħĲ֡Щʯϵ첻ڶ
ֹֹǧɹ
ͬʱħ滯ľ޴ħһݣȻڵ±͵˵ħľޱϡ
¡
ħޱɣ͵ظ߸߾޴׮һ㣬غȥɲǼ䣬ʯƬɣը֮ڶħľޱֱӱըĿӶһ붼ըϡ
໣
ͬʱ̹Ĺ䡢ȫܿռԵӰ죬ֱӺգ׷ڵħľޱϣͬȺһ㣬ҧ
Щ䡢ûʵĴڣǵĹȴС飬һͷͬһ㣬͵ĵͷҧһڣһƴСʯһ飬飬顭ɰǧĹ䡢һҧħޱƬʯ
ͬһʱ䣬һˣ滯ĺҲѸߵ˵ħֱ۵ĩˣĹֻצ
ɵôһ֣ѵɲһͷûǵ
ŭХ쳹ء
һϣ
ͬʱܵ塢Ԫһ˵Ĵ̼Ҳ׷״ұ£񹥻ħĸλ
ôһ֣ͷӵв֮ĵħҲܵǿĳƬʯ겻ϰ䣬ԭɽͰҲή
Сʯ
˿
̶ʱڣһɾ뢵ָ֯£һ߷׷Žڶܵħͬʱ񹥻ľޱۺ塣
һ̣¡𶯣ƬұڶҵĲû˷Ӧ·ִһ޴ĺ
˷׷׵ͷȥֻһۣɫޱ䣬ײ԰ֽ
ô
·ĳÿһ˶ܵ˾޴𺳺ͳ
˼ȫ񹥻ħ޴ֱ۵ʱûע⵽ħȻǸʱɹİڶ壬ִ˫ȣ˲䵽˶͵ұϣħĵϵͿںɫľ޴˫ȣ±ںΪһ
ʱ˿̣ж˵ħһұۣҲѾȫʧȥ塣
Ҫܣ
ЩҵʱйâһͻȻ֮ӵħļϷ˶£ֱŵħںұںϵ˫ȥ
䣬ѣںڰбһƬҫ۵ĹâƥĽնڵħĽϣնһξ޴пѺۡ
һɲǣԭЩҵȺܵĸȾһܹ裬׷׷˹ȥһǣԪһлͤ˻࿴һۣӶԷпһ˿ȣ˭Ҳû˵ʲôŷ˹ȥ

˵£ħĽŸλССʯܼ꣬׷׹ȥһĻһʱ
ҿӿ칥ͷ˫Ȼûкұȫںϣ
ǸջͷħȻʵǿ󣬵ұڵ̶ȣǳȶȻ֮ǰĹǷЧ
䣡
һ󹥻ܼ꣬Ƭ֮˵ķ񹥻꣬޴ĵħȲ۶ϣұڳ׵İ뿪

ֻһ춯صĺУħɽͰӴƽɽ㣬ұصˤȥһۣ˿ǵħ˫ɺǾ֣ȥԶһ·޾Ԩʧ޾ĺڰ
䣡
ڣͷʧ˴ϲԨұ֮䣬һ춯صĻ
ɹˣ
ұϣһߺݺ߬ȭͷϲáͷѾ֪ɱ˶ˣֶӵĴ£˵յϢˡ

ͬʱһˣһ׳ͭϣҲһΪɱͷ˼㾡ȫڻǳɹˡ
¡¡
ʱһײضҡǧ׵ĸ߿մХգ֮䣬ǴʯͬʯԭѾ˿һɲǣٴαý
ˣ뿪˵
æһ·ұĻأŶѨ׶ضȥ
Ƭ֮ӹǧ׵ľ룬ڵִԨײĴ᾵İ׹ǣмɽʯ׹һƬڰȴеɫҫ
һȺڶѸѰ·
ôһƬأûг·
ΧĵΣһͻȻһ˫ϥڵϣǾ˱ϣڶ׻ʲôصĳڣʵȴ˺ݺһ
ܣܣҲţǶÿң
һɢ߽ҧݣ˫Ŀ΢ɫ׻УɣĵѰҡ
û·Ǳˣ
ڻҵȺУԪһһվֻһ̣λ뢵˫üҲѰңľչѲ̽ûʲôͨ
죬Ǵһĸأǲǻĳ·
ԪһĿһתѸĴŮ졣ʶ;Ҫ뿪ҪλŮϡ
ԪһˣΧͻȻһ԰ټƵߣ߻аߣ׷˴Ů졣
ʴˡ
ŮЦ
ǴȻػߣǵĻֻΧĺĵشɾ޹û˸Ҵţ
˵仰ʱ򣬴Ů˶٣̧ͷϷҫ۵Ľ⣬ǳ羴


1556 ħ
еĴУɾÿ˶ĤݵĴڣûдɾûЩػߡ
ûԼ֮ȻԼŵĴɾеػ߶йĴƾһѾ޺ˡ
һΣǱЩЮ֣ҲǾԲִܵġ
вЩܹصĶѵͲܴЩһͨ𣿡
ʱһ˵ĳҲʵ̣棬ħ棬˶һԲĴڣЩǲֱʵģе¾ûˡ
ûˣЩ϶µͭƬǱڵռأٻЩͭƬʱǴһԿƵĻѾʧЧھҲû˿취ңɾʥǽڿ֮УͲͨͨ
Ů
仰ж˲١Ůⷬ˵̣Ҳ˵˳ԴУû취
ûõģɱǸ˶뿪
ʱһƽ߲ͣ˶һ׷ѭȥֻ׵شһۣͦǹͷ˵ʱһֱͷϷŲϱ仯ҫ۽⡣
û˱׻Ŀ£˿ǺʹͬϣΪǿĴڡ֮еѾԶԶָоһˣѾԼϱӶûܹĳЩ޴ܡ
ΧĻ֪һ˫˫Ŀ׷ա
磬Ϊʲôôǿߣ
һЩֱʱǲʱעͷһеġס
ǸǴɾһôܻһǧꣿ
һ˽ںڰһж̫̫ˣںܶ˵ȻѾôսǵΪֹûﵽ׷ʲô
ЩĪĺˣдŮ죬ֱΪĴڣԼǸѾ˵Ĵɾںܶ˵ǵһθоԼĴԲá
ڰһƬžԪһ涼׷ϷʱѾû˵ˣÿжоһ𺳡
¡¡ͷʱһ춯صıըϷѴѵʯŴɾͻϷ¡Щʯһϣ׹;оϷұϣֻһ벻ʯϷ׹
˵ʱѾܹݶˡ
¡
ʱһ춯صľϷһκκһζͬǾҵıըҪκһζҪĶ࣬ض·Ҫ˺ѿ
ͷϷһֱһŽ⣬ͻȻ֮һΪֻһӰԶԶ˳ȥײڶұϣһұըʯϷ׹¡
һǧ꣬ɾ书˲ܴҿ㻹ʲôҶԿĩӡǣֻ·һ
ʱ򣬻ǹĴЦϷ¡¡һ¿ռըܵұڶ˲һЩʯֱӴұ
ˣ
һĻһɲǣ˷׷ױɫ
ãǸҪӮˣ
Ǹ˰ͨգɱ
ˣڸô죿
Ԫһ˻û˵ߺɢȴ˲ϢһƬҡǴɾǻûκһ˼ֵʱҲֻһŽ⣬ΪĹϵ˱ܵѡܴɾ
ס˼һ𣬿ҲǸĶ֡
ô죬ô죿
һƬҡ
һԣڰУԪһлͤȻû˵أϾɫѾıĵĸܡ
쵰ôˣۼɽľӢѵţʲô𣿡
ͻȻ֮䣬ҧгݣ̲סŭΪɽи߸ϵĴħͷԪһͷڣϷһĴڣȴʲôҲˣֻܹԹԵָоֱ
Сӣʲô취𣿡
ͻȻڰһһֱûô˵ĹħͻȻڵ
һ仰˲佫˵עеϣΧ֪İ˶Ťͷ壬ڴ
ȻаͽһǸ͢үϸϺɽвû̫ϵʱôֲ˵ǲ֪ݣĹǡ
һ㣬¾Ԫһ涼޷⡣
ʵϣʱ˿̣ԪһлͤҲͬ壬˵˵һС
ڰоĵģţ˶ڵȴĻظ
ǰ
ͷϷгġ
˵ϣڴɾϣֻڵʵһ¶Բּս
Щʱ򣬲ǵܽġ
׸ô׸
û˵ֻ̧ͷϷĽ⣬Ժм˼š
ֶѾԽķ룬˵ȥˣĵħæңȫû
ˣ
ͻȻ䣬Ժһ뵽ʲôû˷ӦһͻȻǰĶױԵȥ
ͻȻľٶ˵ע⡣
ôˣ
˻࿴һۣдΪȡԪһлͤҲǻ࿴һۣæ˹ȥ
СӣǷʲô𣿡
棬棬ħҲ׷׸
ûˣĿ磬ڶѸѰʲôܿĿһѸٶ˱ԵشһɽͰ㡢ںϡ
дΪȣ˳Ŀ⿴ȥܿϳʲô
ħ
ˤڶףʯһںĴڣȻ˲֮ǰЭɵĵħ
ħа֮ߣӴټǧ׵ĸ߶ȣԼԨײħǿĹҲˤķѣе
ʲô
ıӰһɻѡ
ʱ˿̣ûһϵħɨһȦܿҵ˵ħͷ­

һѷԾȥǿһ˶ߵͷ­ԡ
ɱ
˵ʱʱ죬ڴʱѾ˺ܾõĵħͻȻ˫޴ͷ­͵̧𣬿зһ

һĻͻһŵôʧɫ׷ȥվڵصôãûм˭Ҳû뵽ħȻû
طûտأԵħʵһ֪Ҫˡ
ӣ
һɢŵɫ԰ף˵ƴԶҪұѡûܳԶֻͣһеȻֹеһΪ֮
ɫһʹĻعͷֻվڵħ޴ͷ­ϣеĴɽһ̳û˵ħͷ­ħɺ͵ȻͫѸٻɢ¡һصĵصϣһ
һϢҲһɲʧĸɸɾ
һǳ׵ˡ


1557 ƻ

һѸٴӵħͷ­ħȻƺˣŸһֻ֪ǹӲдֻʣһѡ
ӣʲô뷨𣿡
һӶߴ˸лͤͻȻǰѯʵ仰Ҳ˵˵˼еĿ׷塣
ڻ˵ܲЧҪԹ˵ʱҿܻҪǵİ
忪ڵ
˵仰ʱһֱͷϷֻоҵϴҫ۵Ľٴۺһ𡣿ɾƲûеأʱڣҪսʤס
һֱôȥ´ɾҲֻǳ¡
ǰϣܹ㡭
ͷϷڻʹɾսҵʱһ磬͵ǰȥİڵħӴͷ­ϡ
ͬһʱ䣬˫һգӴģڳߣԪһڶѼ̾Ϊֹʵʻ糱ˮһ㣬ӿƵѸƿնû뵽˵ħͷ­ڡ
ħ׾̽鵽ڡ䣬ֻһգۣľѾ뵽Ժ֮С
Ȼˣ
ֻǴ̽һ飬ʱд󶨡
ħոʶûȫɢеĽƻֵãʵʻľˮкذ㣬ӿ뵽˵ħÿһÿһ֮С
жûôڵħԺУһҵԼ
ҵˣ
ħԺһȦܿڵħüλãҵһεʶƬ
ʶƬ͵ħҵĺڰʶȻͬһ㣬Ө͸ʶǳ顣̶ִȣѾԶԶ¹ͻɡ

ѩû⣬ӦþǻڵħڵʶƬˡ
ҪʶһƬңûǵĵħͲܲʶƬҪǣڴɹнӴ״ʶƬͻһģһ
ڷƬɲǣû˿ԥһľ˲뵽ʶƬ֮С
䣡
ֻһɲǣֺͣһ˲䣬ľѸٽ뵽һ硣УһƱ˿Ҫϸ˿ߣ˿һŵħԺбǰľƬһˣһ·죬û޾Ϸ
û˿ԥʵʻľ糱ˮӿһ·ǸϸС˿ߣ޾ϷӶȥ·׳һ㣬ٶޱȣֻһʧϷ

ʱǰƬ̣巢ֵħԺбǰʶƬʱ߿ϷǱ̫Ҫҫ۵ĽڲսѾﵽΪҵĵز˵ⳡսļѾԶԶԽǵ
Ӱ䣬бòڲռ䶼ˮ𵴡ͬһʱ䣬гֵĻʹķӰǴﵽʮ֮࣬ȫ޷ǲӰ
ϸȥԵУ䳲һ㣬ʾĻһΡĸɽҲбĴ󴨣кХʯҲ޾ɰĮЩȻǻӰ˵ĸоȴʵޱȣͺƬɽҹһ
Ѿ󼰵ľ硣
עǻʧܵģѶٵն޷ı䣡
嫵ĽУɾջص
˵Ǹ֮ôãڻȵ֮ӣһǧˣ˭뵽յĿΪ
Цһ˫ĿԵޱȣ
עҪϣˣһǧĿѾ࣬Ҹɵ㣬һָͷһǸ֮ӣ
У͸һɳɱ⣬һĲм֮ӻʲôֻһֻССϣмȥԸɵ
Щǲ־ΪתƵģô룬ɱھߵĵط㻹ռס
ɾһɱ̫Ҫǧٱ壬һ󶴣촽һһ⻹˵ܿ죬Ǻһ󶴵˵ͷ­ӰʧѸʧ⼸ȴ¶Ĵɾ
˵ֶζѾʥﵽ߷˼ĵز
Ϊп𣿡
ڴɾмһˣ
ֻס֮еˣ˵ûô֮пʲôҶɱȫգ
ˣ
ɾĻȴΪ㵣
ҵѾ㲻δǲɱġôףҲͳƲ֮ӡ
ɾһ䣬Ļһ漴Ц
һ֮ӣƾ仰һΣҶøɵ
Ļ͸̡
ЦֻƬ̱Ȼֹһ̣·оʲôüͷһ壬ʶƳһ·һɲǣһֺܹĸод
ô£
ͷոԺһǿľͻľʽȻͬ͵غ뵽Ժ֮С
Сӣ㣡
ʯ䣬һɫˡ
˵ǻɾʱⲻѡ
Ȼˣ
ʱ˿̣ĸȴֽȻͬ˳ŻڵħڵʶƬһƾϵϵȻɹ뵽˻ԺڡҪԺܣҲôס
ֻǻڴħʱҲԺһ˿
ԭʶ磡
ϷһжеĻҪ˳ǰֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Ѿ뵽˻ʶ硣
ڵħԺڵʶƬȻ෴ʶһƬҳһȵϢ뵽Ժͺ뵽һ硣ɣͺһ˲뵽˹ϵġʮմ˵
֪СӣǺôĵӣ
ʱһ˵Ժ𣬻ڿˡ
ӲôԸЩνھ㿴з˵
Ц
Сӣ
ԣŭѣ¡¡ʶռҡضһɰľ˷۶
һǿޱȣضΪ֮ɫ
ΪȻƾյľǴﵽ屶֮ǰľǿȣͻƿʵʻͻŲСĲࡣ
ڻҪԸĽɫѴ֮
ֻԶԶ͹壬һҴʶ磬ôû˿׼
Ԫһлͤ棡棡棡ʦ峤ڣǵȫң
ʯ䣬ؿռ䣬ԶصףվڵħӴͷ­ԣ죬зһ챩ȡ
ڴ֮ǰľѾɢɢʮɣֱӵԪһлͤ棬棬ħ棬棬аˣ˴峤˾ԪסԼɽǿϡ
û˿ԥ˶ȫľһɹɺƺƵ糱ˮһ㣬㼯ڣε˿ң㣬һٺ뵽˻Ժ֮С


1558 ħӡ
۾壬ԪһֻߣڳûκһǻĶ֣˫֮Ĳһ㡣
ǵ԰ټƵߣټ屾ʵʻľʱγһκ߶޷ӵĿֲ
Сӣ㣡
һǣҲоϵı仯˴ʧɫֻΪһ׼ãûиӦʱ䡣
¡
ʯ䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬ԼߵĿֲͻʶҵײһ
һɲǣҡػΣʱ䶼·ֹˣûκδһɲǵײ̶ȡ
ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ϣ壬Ԫһ棬棬ԼڶɽһΣͺһɽײһ˼һɫ԰ޱȡ
ÿֲľ
һǣԪһǿߣжһ˿֮ɫײһ̣ÿ˶оԼײĲһˣһ¼̵ĸµǹɷ·Ҫ
Ǽ֮κһֻзǣɢ³
κζ˫ģһ̹ȻܵشܵĳҪԶʤˡ
ʼգû뵽еϣȻʽ˵ľ潻֡
Ҫǣʱ˿̣󲿷־ǷڶԸɾϣû뵽ʱǿҹ
ȻǿҲûдﵽھôֵĵز
䣡
ɾײʶʱشԺһƬհס
ʱҲͰˣʱ˿̣ȴںʹɾҽֹ֡УͻȻġġ
ɾû뵽΢ʵȻᴴ
˵ʱʱ죬ڻ񡱣ԺܵشһƬհ׵ʱһֻƾӨ͸ɢŨĽ⣬СһѸڻļϡ
䣡
һɲǣն·ѿˣһ̣Х޾ĽԨ
𺳵ĿУԨˣһֱϿյű̫ҪҵĽ⣬ͻȻ֮һ㣬ϳһ۹켣Ȼҵĳŵ׹
ħӡ
ʯ䣬һ˶һ̣䣬ͬΧǧұȫҵĶ¡һɲǣŶ
һǣȻпÿ˵ĶжƬĳӴϵ󷨣ҵǵڶ
һǧ׵ĵصɾķǧʱ䣬֪˶ٴССܸͬ󷨡󷨣ûжùҲûײϹ
Ǵʱ˿̣һϵȫɾȻѣܼ飬಻˶е𺳲ѡ
һɲǣ˵ˣԪһЩԹߣһеľѡţȻ˻ڵصײô󷨡
𺳵ǣǾ󣬻֮ǰЩѶɵ󷨣һ·ĴڿͲΪ˶ԸǣΪ˶Ըһˡ

ɾң
һɲǣʯͻҳڶؼʱ̣Ҳѹ˾ŭӡֻϧһжѾˡ
һǾ񹥻ΪɾǧѷĻᡣ
ǧǰɾѾ㵽˻ĵڵصײһһӴ󷨡ֻϧķʱ֮޵󷨣ٻʱҪгʱ䣬Ǽս֮УͲֻܸᡣ
ΪɾһλжôͿ֪
ӭ˰ɣķӡ֮أ
ɾ¡¡ף˷صδ䣬¡رըɾŻΪһҵĻԨײ롣
Сģ
ײɲǣƥ˺ʯըһݣ׷ױȫȫֵʯײ˵ĻϣܼžžȴԶûôǿ
ɾٿ󷨵Ѿ⽫ײ˵Ӱ콵͡
꣡
˻ھ﹥Զûôǿʱ򣬽ţһĴؿӶд£漱ĶʹɾϢûصԽԽԶĴѿȴþò
ҿ
ԶԶأŭޱȵ
ǰ
̳ʱֻâһһӰѸٳԨ롣վڵ¡ϣŽƾճֵһʮ׳Ĵѷ죬бò
ɾͻⳡսɵӰ죬Զдö࣬ѿķ϶Ȼֻʮ׳ȴںģס
ˣ
һһӴľû뵽ѷƬ֮ͷˡ϶еĻҪö࣬ľҲ޷̽ɾͻѾ˵ص
ôǸ𣿡
ʱһƿ棬˲֪ʲôʱޱȡ
ûôס
·ҡҡͷľ͵ħԺлʶƬʶƬڣǾ˵û
ʲô
ⷬ˾ɫ䣬ħͷⶼûĻǵʱľǴˡ
ȻûǴɾӦѾסˡ
лֵ̿ʱ˵һ仰İ˲١
̫ˣֻҪסͺã
һ¡
壡ʱ򣬴ɾͻȻԺ⣬û
ǰ
һӦӦ
Ҳû뵽ɾʱϵԼ
ҵĴħӡ̫ãǧʱ䣬ķ̫ľҵҲѾֲ̫ˡ
ɾ͸һ˿ƣ˵ĵһ仰һݡ
ô
û뵽ġ
ǵ֮ǰ˵ҵʱѾˣ֪˵ʲôҵ㲻⣬ܹ㣬ѾûʲôźˡţҸһҪƱ档
ɾԺ
⣬һἫΪȡʱ䣬һһһڷ꣬ʱǾ˳뿪һὫѹһʱ䣬ǶʱӦù뿪ˡֻǴﵽ棬ΣأҪԼˡ
ɾ
ɾסҵģҵҪֵܼʲôʱ򣡡
ʱҡضɵɽ緢һ㣬ӵص籡ɭصٴζ


1559 ĸ

ôѵɾҲĶ֣
˶ʱһƬŻңڴʱ羪֮˵ɵجһ㣬˵ͬħҲһ㶼֡
ɾҲֻƬ̣һɸǿɾӲѹȥܿٴƽ
忴ص׵Ķǽһ󡰲Ҳеľ
ǰôˣ
ĵ
û£ķǳңЩ׼ǧ꣬ΪʱԸȻһ޷ԶĽӡʱסûġ
ɾ϶尲Ĳ١
ȺһЩ뿪
ɾʶٴδԺ
ֻ˼һ̣¡¡һɰģص˲Ϣӵصױ
û˷Ӧ꣬ɽھ˲Զĵط±ͻȻѵʯͻȻ֮
ô࣬˱Ǿ֮ͻĹһȺһƬҡ
쿴ʲô
ͻȻ֪˭
ãұϳһѷ죬ѵҪˣ
һ龪ֲѣطرͻȻ˶ᱻұɡ
壬⵽ô£
ʱһŲԪһŲͻȻߵԡһƬҲʱֻһǳ򶨡
ңҡض±ͻȻѿһδ֪ѷ죬еһжԵ̫ͻȻ˵һ֪ⱳ࣬Ҳֻˡ
ɹҲֻܺʹɾϵ
ҲҪţǴɾصΪ𿪵ͨʱܴͨѷ쾡뿪ﷵص档
ڵصһ˲䣬ҵͬҵĹһ㣬
ү˴ң˶ģ
һ߷׷׽ег𾴡
֧Ų˶ˣʱпܱ뿪ɣ
ŤͷͻȻһԵԪһ
û˵ֻһۣȻܿŤͷ
ͤ棬ǰ̽·Һ͹ħа۶Ϻ󡣡
Ԫһһ仰˲Ϣ䣬˷׷״һʯǣ뵽ʮ׸ߣ׶ĺıڷ֮С
Ԫһڽжãɵ뿪ûκεĻңֻƬ̵ʱʧøɸɾ
㣬㾡
뿪а˺˴峤Ž˿壬ͻȻڵ
ͷ˲ԥѸٵĴѷ죬뵽֮ͨС
飡
ڼ뿪֮ûãһ޴ʯһ׹ű߲Զĵط
ʱĹȥأͬܵұڶ΢΢ĲԽԽʯŷ۳Ϸ׹
ˣ
ͬʱйâһǰʯͺ˲ʧһ̣һƬããС
ۣ忴ֱĶ棬һϤӰţĬĬĿԼƺѾһˡ
ɾ
ŶϤߣԺһͷ
ǰһУɹ֮ǰƬããһģһ֪ǰһжʵģһжǻ
Ǵɾʶ
ǰ
ܿջĿ⣬ŶĴɾ˹ȥ
ǰĴɾһϮӵĵۣ˺棬״̬֮κʱҪáֻԽˣȴԽЩ
͸־ı֣ܹоɾһ˿
ع⣡
Ժ͵һͷûٸȥ
Ƿֱʱˣ
ɾ΢Цͷ΢΢ڶԽĳгһɷǣƮݳĸо
ѾҵʹͿˡ
ǰѹסͲܺһ뿪𣿡
ʵ
ɾû˵ֻҡҡͷ
֪𰸣
ʱĬˡ
Ҫ顣һҪţ뿪֮󣬵ȵһ֮ŨʱȥһˡԴҸܴİһֻ֮һ죬һҪǳ⿪ɻЩҶûа취ش㣬֪࣡
ɾ΢Ц
ࣿ
һ͵̧ͷһӭģȴһֻСơ
飬û巴ӦɾѾһļϡ
ǰ㣡
һĻͻ廹ûӦǰתѾɾƬããʶ硣
һۣ忴ǴɾϣڴĿ⡣
飡
ǰ»ָȻԼѾ֪ʲôʱԨ뵽Ǻĵط֮С
¡¡ͬһʱ䣬ѷӲʯͽϷ׹ɾոѷ쳹׵û
壬ţһҪȥǸˡ㣬ǼǵãʱһҪ򿪡
ɾ¡¡ףԶԶشӵصͷв֪ʱһľСУǺӿȥƽƽ棬ȴóġ
û˼̫࣬彫ľæ뻳УУɾԽԽҲԽԽԶ
һˣõ˵ʱˡ
һԶȥȻϢҲҲоϢˡ
ĬĬվڳɶ̮ʯ󷽣鸴ӣҲ֪ɾĽʲôǺʣԼԺҲˡ
ǰлˣԶǵĴ裬ϣҲԼʹ
Ŵɾڵķ򣬻ĹһȻվһԥźȥ
ѷһƬڰɾ֮ͨеĻҪĿͨұڣͭɫ󣬿ɾһƬص׵Ŀˡ

زһʯͷ۳ϵشѷϷ׹ȥ嶼֪ѷ쵽ж೤ʱ˿̣ͨѾѡˡ
ߣ
ʱһϤǰ
죡
ӹȥվһխѷ촦ĴŮдΪȡ
ôҲһ뿪𣿡
ġ
ŮҡҡͷȻһЦ
Σգʱ̮ǸԪһѾ뿪ˣӦģ߰ɣ
ڰУŮָһ˵ͷһץסŮ죬ǰȥ


1560 룡
ɾۣͨͨЩطֻһͨ˵Щʲô̫⡣
һ·ӣȻصһƬڰһ·ȴʼйâָȴԪһָЩߣÿһαһҹ飬Ϊָ
ʦ
Ƭ֮󣬾ھǧ׵ĵطаˡԪһڻϵһ
ͺãֻˣ
壬а˺˴峤һࡣ
ˣԽԽͨʱ̮ǸϽ뿪
һӶߴԪһͻȻڵ
˵ͷһ˼ǰ뿪
ѷ춶ԽԽһҵʱĴӵص״֪ǻڷֿ
нţһӿٶȣѸ϶ȥһ·ϣض֧ĵطҲԽԽ࣬ؿǵĶҲԽԽҡ
ߣ
ں󷽶ϺͻȻ֮˫ֺ͵ұ࣬ͬʱһӴľ͸ɽ壬
ԭȶĵؿǣ֧£ȶ˺ܶࡣ
䣡
ͬһʱ䣬ԪһˣҲƣطĶ˺ܶ࣬д󶨣׷Ծ˵ٶ϶ȥ
ɾٽһУ
ոǰһξ룬ͻȻ֮ҡضһŰͻȻӵص״
ͬʱһӴϢǿѸٳ˵ĸ֪С
ã
һɲǼ䣬ɫ䣬ӵص׵׵ľ룬ȻɾѾΪ˿һͨͨȶܲסǿ߼ĳ
˿ߣ
ʯ䣬쳹صףڰоϷ񱼡
˵ĸ棬ȶط죬صĶҲڶʱڣԼαӡ
˻ûܳԶ¡һɿֲɽ緢ҵĺصס
꣬һĴѿȻ۾ʲôǴĿն֮ǰڵǴصԨڿʼˡ
¡
ҲʱһͻȻϷ˲Ϣ䣬ڰľ
ˣ
Ҫ̮ˣ
ҿӣ
ڰУҵľ˷һһеҹ̧ͷȥֻϷһ޴ѷ죬˵ĶһΪѷ£ȫʼ
Сģ
עͷʯ飬Ͽ뿪
УԪһԵøĺҲҵȺһЩ
䣬δ䣬һɰƿնķϷݵǿдһͨ
ߣ
ͨһ߾æһ˿϶ȥ
Χеһжڻζʱ̮ԪһһΣҪ뿪ʱͻȻһҵĽӽ´
ң
Ҫȥˣ
ľ塣
ã
Ԫһɫ΢䣬ϳ˵ӵ
ط֮һƬңԪһûע⵽Ǽ˵ӽ̮Ȼֱ·׹ȥ
Ƭ̮ʱ׹ȥֻ·һ
ϸ룬Ԫһһ̤û뷴·ȥ
ѵʯϷ׹ԪһѾ˲ôˣͷ½ϣ͵ĳָұڡͬһʱ䣬ӿɫĳѸٻΪɫֱָ
ֻһֻ˲Ϣ䣬һɫ㣬һѸٴԪһ·ķȥ
ͣھԪһλʮ׵ĵطһɫѸٲƶסһ׹˵ӽڰ֮С
һлֻǿʼ
һ
ֻ˲Ϣ䣬ԪһĳɫѾϵסʮߺɢߡ
Ѿ׹ʮףΪʱԪһɫڼ䲻ݷ֮ʽټͬǧڰƮȥ
ڵصײϵ̮Ȼγһ޴ĿӶǾӶҲȶʱ̮
Ҫǣ¿ʱͿѨж
ãûˣҺ
߲˲ͷ亹һ¡
Ȼʱ˿̣ɫϣխѷ쵱Уû˿Ԫһʱɫ԰ף΢΢ЩԶУأָӡ
벻ڶûлָ
ʯ䣬ԪһӹӰ
ֵʱԪһܵѹġԴزﳤûܹĳǸĪĻϣԪһ˴δйĲҰܡ
ӴѹֹͬҲڸֻԪһԸױ¶ѡ
ҸǣԪһԭΪԳԼӦÿԺܿĻָǲ֪ǲΪһαƵԭԶûзӳƽǿĻָ
亹乶£һĸо´Ԫһˣǰǰס˶ʮߡ
ʱ˶Ԫһ˵΢ڸشδ£ȴ΢΢Щˡ
øϿ뿪طֲ˶ˣ
ԪһĮޱ飬˷˲Ϣͷ
ס·һʮߣͬʱַģȴ쳣ᶨĽһ
Ԫһһ壬ٴβұ֮У̶ұ档
¡
˵ʱʱ죬ԪһаһʱͻȻһӴӵصױͬײ㣬ݺݵײ¡
ԪһѾ˫Ʋұڣ̶һ̣ΧʮڣеҲȫ̮·ȥ
ã
Ԫһֻоһɣͬеʯ鶼֮׹䣬ʱ˴ʧɫ
䣬һڱЩ˲Ϣ仯Ϊɫ˷ȥͼ̶ͨұڣֹ׹ơ
ͣЩɫѸٴ̮ʯм뵽˺󷽵Ҳ㡣
ȻֻƬ̣䣬ΧҲɶ̮ͬԪһԼЩһѸ׹ȥ

ô
ǣ
Ԫһ·ԭΪѾӹһ٣Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽Ԫһ֮˾Ȼٴ׹䣬ľ쳹ա
ˣ
ʱ˿̣Ԫһɫޱ䣬еһᵽŨҵϢ
ΪԪһ֪ٴΣյ״ǰԲյ״Ƶ״
£ǧ֮һ׹ȥͻԶصס
Ȼӵǿٻܼһᣬǵص׺͵ľסռ̮ټƵʯ׹Ԫһ۷״̬Ҳ·һ˵ڻδ


1561 ص̮ݣ
¡¡
ֻһ˲䣬ԪһͫһֻԽԽϷҲԼԽԽԶʮԽ׹Խ
ԪһһӣٴóץסʯڣȻһƺȴû˿Ķ
ô£
Ԫһ¶һ˿𾪵ɫڵƶ񻯵еĻҪصĶ࣬ʱ޷ƵԼٶȥ
¡
ԪһϱʱͻȻһῡʵ
ץסңץסң
˵ʱʱ죬ûԪһӦâһһۻɽ緢㣬ͷϷʮ״ըըľ룬һӰԼٶȳԪһȥ

Ԫһ̧ͷ˵òԪһԳȣڼΪյҲ¶ʱҲ¶һ˿ɫ
壡
˵Ǹһֱ׷ɱаͽȻʱּ֣Σյ£ܲԼ
û˱״ʱգÿ˶ֶ룬ռһߵν֮ǧʱ˶ܣǾƲġ
ž
ЩͷԺһţһ̣žһһֻƺݺݵץסԪһֱۣ˻
죬ڣ
쳹¿ռ䡣
ѵʯϷ׹ɶֵʯ֮Уûжע⵽һϸСɫ˿εϵĽϡ
䣡
˿ֱڰ¿ռ䣬һľС
ɫ˿վεסˡ
ȥ
ͷ󣬺ڶĸߴе
ֻҵʱ̣ܹ
·һԭУޱȵҲİ
Ȼˣ
ȻڰпϷ˻
ر˵ĵӣиӲѡ
ӵݻ˵ģܶ˻ɽϼͬʱҲǱ׷ɱġ
νѼ飬˭Ҳû뵽ʱǵģȻаӡ
Ҳ˵Ӹӵ飬ʱ˿̣ߴһǿקѸٵȥ
̫ðˣ˿Ҳ̫Σˣ
ʱ˿̵ĸߴŮҲһ£Ԫһ׹ȥʱ򣬾û뵽ȻôðյļƻҪ˿Ǿ
ּƻɹļ΢΢ʧ˾嶼п档
¡¡صҲ㻹̮Ůָ뷢ڽԪһѸٵľ
ﲻ˾ߣ
ϸ룬ȳԪһˣŶԽԽĵط죬ϣɸ϶ȥ
ķеĻҪö࣬´ɾڵصײ󷨣ҪסҲȻס
һصɽ緢㣬ͣشӵصױÿһεײصױԽȶ
ǧ׾һԽÿжýģ˭Ҳ֪⴦ط컹ֶܼá
꣡
ԼϢ֮ȫܵʱͻȻһΪ˵ĸ֪УһǿģضΪ֮ȻʧɫĿֲޱȣͻȻӵصҵıӴǰ塢ԪһˣһСĸо
ã
һ˲䣬˶ɫĵڷˡ
ɾͻ֮սԳƽΪ֮ضиʤһʤص׷췭ظı仯
Ҫǣô޴ı仯ɾ˺ͨҲضԼά֡
ߣ
ɫ䣬ԥŵط죬ǰӶȥһò˵ÿһ˶ܸоǿֲı仯һƴȫͷҲصŵطȥ
˵ķӦѾܿˣվˡ
׵ȣԻĿֲǴߡ

ԶԶأһҵľԶϵش
һΣֻڵλãصĵط죬ȫ̮ڰУһҽڶ
ô
󷽶Ϻǧĸߴҽвͨϣݵص֮У˶ֻ·һ
Сģ
˵ʱʱ죬ʱ򣬴Ů쾪ŽͻȻӶߴ¡¡ͬһʱ䣬һӴѹͷ
ո̧ͷͿͷʯɳϷк£ʯɳ󷽣һһֱʮףشֵľ޴ʯХţͷϷ
һߵ·ϣֱܲӱʯҳ࣬һЩ򾪻ʧ룬Ѹٳȥʯһ·ƲɵѸٳź󷽵Ԫһ
䣡
ʯ䣬ϸ룬Ԫһ볯İݴ˶ȥ
¡ʯ£޾ʯɳʮк¡ֻǰһһ̣еĹâ˲ʧ
ص׵ȴԶûнɳ;ʯ׹˼ʮ롣
ȵһнеͨʱʧɧҲʧˡ
䣡
ͻȻһӴײڵص׵ľ޴ʯϣȻʯֻ˵Ĳһ£ɳʯϷ䣬Щ϶ʱص׵ľ޴ʯѹøΪʵˡ
ںڰУջƣжʱȥ
ĵڷˣ׵Ĵֱ룬ʵܹ̫ıˣվûӳ

ʱ򣬺ڰдһ󽹼һ˳ǴŮ졣ص̮ͨɳ£ʹŮҲָͬ
ߡ
䣬䣬һɳըֱ߲ԶĵطŮͬè㣬Ӻ˳壬۾һУҴҸ˹
ô
û¡ͨ·ѾȫϾˡ
гޱȡ
ĻŮ춸Ȼ˽ŲɫҲ
ʵҲûа취ͨ𣿡
ǹߵ͵⣬ڵλüȶϷزеѹڳﴫݣһǴĵط̮᳹Ϸǧֵʯ̮䣬ǾͻԶصף

ʵѾǳǿˣɽǻ΢ǿ߶һնɱǿ󣬶ܶԿƬء
׵ĵ£һ̮ѹԲܹܵ˵ġ
ŮĬˣƬ̺󣬵
ѵû취𣿡
һڳԡ
΢΢ͷ¶˼ɫ
ʱ仺ȥ˼ʱ򣬴ŮҲ˸ַȫʧܸա
ֹˣ̽һȦ󣬴ŮҲΪԵ˽
ڵ⴦ռ䣬Ϸһֱ׵ľʯ֮֮ǰǿ黹ҪӴΪ״Żһռ䡣
ڻĳʹõص׵ĸ⵽ƻʯĽṹü䲻ȶʱпŸ׹䡣һʹŮ쵱Ȼ׵塣
˶ѾǳԽ۹۷ĴڣԾʯ԰ּƵԼϷʯѹҲֻ·һ


1562 ĵ
Ŀ˼Ժм˼ģüͷԽԽ
塭
ʱһʶԺС

üͷһΪ⣬û뵽ʱܵԪһϢ
Ǳôˣ
忪ʵ
ЩطʱпݡΨһİ취ƿ֮ľʯʯϷ֮ǰ֮ͨǰͨȥ׵İ취
Ԫһ
ȷʵõİ취ơ
̮ͨǰԪһģ˫ֻ֮һʯĵģԪһơ
ȻԪһأĵһۣѾ֪ˡмľʯ֮أټѹԪһδ֧ŵס
û£ΣΨһİ취
Ԫһ
⡭ðɣ
ĬƬ̣ڵ˵ͷΣܱԴкá
һͬʱ
ԶԶأԪһ
һ׼ʹŮһվʯԱߣȵԪһ䣬û˿ԥʯ䣬ʹŮͬʱ֣һڱǰʯС
ͬһʱ䣬һһԪһԼһ˸ͬʱƣ˫һʯ
ˣ
Ĺ룬صľʯҲһһ
ؽʯɶŲһ˿϶
̫ˣЧЧ
ʯ塢ŮԼԪһƶһ˵Ӳ
һ̣¡һͷϷ塢Ů졢Ԫһ׷ɫ䡣
СģҲɶˣ
Ů
ȻĻû䣬һһĴؿϷ
ĵزǳȶȻ˿˴ʯͷҲͬǣϷЩȶҲ㡣
飬һ޴ʯͷȻ׹䣬Ԫһ֮ľʯϣǵڶ飬顭̶ʱڣֵľʯΣûɶøʵˡ
ʯ˲һƬž˵ɫʱѿޱȡһβûд򿪣Ūɳ׾˱ԽʵԳȥ

Ů쿴壬ģ˵
ΪһػߣػޱصĺһҪ飬Ǳλ˽ǧ
дУ⣬Ҳ뻤λȫ뿪Ҳʼĵطһֱȴ壬һԭ
ڣȻ˾
޾֮·һа취
ʱ򷴵οŮˡ
ʱʹַʹôɽʯΪЩӵĲȶʽṹһһʧˡ
ʱ仺ȥڵصѹֵʱͻȻ֮䣬һɳɳ촫СʹŮע⡣
˭
͵Ťͷб෽
𣿡
һ΢ͻȻС
ʹŮȷʵǴƵôƺȻ֣ǴӶԷ޶⡣
ǣ
ոջһ֣󷽵ɳɳӿ죬ֻ˲Ϣ䣬һʯɳͻȻͻȻһһ˴СͨһЩݵߴ̽ͷеŴۡ
үҵˣµ󣡡
󿴵壬һ˷ܡ
һԣŮһɻĿ壬бҪɻǵԼʶʲôС󡱵ˡ
үϵСģСȴԶǵúү֮ǰڵϣСĺͼֵܲڴУǺү֣Сĺͼֵܡˮ֮ӿȪ౨үˣСһֱǵá
壬˷ܵ
üͷ壬н¶ɫ
ԭ㣡
ͻȻһ֮ǰڴһ·ʱɢߣ忴Ҳ־ˡ
Ȼ嶼û뵽Ȼһ¼
ðûкүɽ粻֪Ҫˡү˫Сķǳ壬СľͨһЩصݺ֮үɣ
ּֿ
ʹŮ컥࿴һۣԷеľȡνصݺֻ֮һŵ˵ʵǾ֮Էڵ˸ӵĵطɽȻżǿĹ֮
ү²˳٣߰ɣǰǴ·
ȴûô࣬˵仰תѸʱͨУʧ
ߣ
ϸ룬ͨУţŮҲѸСƬʱ䣬һ˶ʱʧӰ١
˶ֹ࿴ܵθӣҵʽṹȶǵȴ˿Ӱ졣
öṹǳȹ̣ɳʯ֮УҲγһȹ̵Ϸʯɳ
ֹˣθӵĵΣܹҵǸʵλúͽǶȣϷ̮ݣͬʱֿԽһڵص׸ط߾¡
书ʵǺǿ˵΢ڶɣԼศɣӹ̶ѨĶʹڵصˮ
һУԪһ޷ġ
Ծָ·ڵص״ǰǰֻյʱ䣬ڵص׵߱׷ױ˳
һĻ̾Ϊֹ
ߵͬ书иԲͬó֮Ҳ˵£
һ̣ипѡ
컯ȻٱڵصڶϣһȴԶԶȲϵģ
л֣
Ҫ㣬ǿҪˣ

ڵΧһ߷׷״ӵţ˥ĵлǵһ̬ͣͷȻ֪ǺãֻвͣĿԶ壬֮⡣
֮ʲôȫ˼ȥЩ˵ġԸ񣬻治֪Ӧֳ档
Ǻǡ
ԶһУҲʧЦѡĺ̬ڽ֮࣬˷˲١
ӣڵֹۣȻҶһ𣬵ϵͨѾȫϾҪǣϡȻ٤Ҷܾҵͨ˶·һ
ʱһϤѹ͵˼㣬Ķ𡣵˻ڽͷӶףٺʱŷ㲻֪ʲôʱ˹ǡ
󲿶ӭŵطƶʱŷǴмλþЭģԵ̮ͨʱҲ
û˵ֻ΢΢üͷ
Ů뿪ʱ򣬸ÿ˼ƬҶЩСҶƬɫģȻԶԶ֮ǰõҶֻ£Ȼֲ̫ã취뿪
ʶĿһ۲Զĵ󣬺ܿҡҡͷϵ֮ͨǰļѾ̮һۼ뾡ͨϵͨ
Ȼžͦ廹ܹоʵѾ൱ƣˡڶʱôˣ书ߵĵ˵ǸģѾûھ
ûеİǿľҲɲó
ȻԾŷ㶼ûȥҵ
˳Ĭţ˭Ҳû˵


1563 ޣ׷ɱ
һ취
ѹֵʱ򣬴ŮͻȻڵһ仰Ѹ˵ע⡣
죬˼ǣ
ŷŤͷһԵŮ죬üͷʵ벻Ů컹ʲô취
ָӵĵ£ڣֻŪɳ׾·һѵص׵ҲƻϷһЩھ̽鷶Χ֮ľ޴Ҳ̮˾ͻĸ죬ҲΪʲôûóȻֵԭ
ֻЩ뷨ǵûãҲ˵áֻܰٻ˵Ǿоˡ
һ̣ŷԼԶԪһĿ£ŮͻȻӻȡһЯĶ̵ѣյߣ
ܿ죬һޣ˶ļХڵ𣬲ڴŮĿ£µĵصȥ
ǡ
һԣԽɻˣʱ˭Ҳûȥš
ʱ仺ȥŮͷϸ亹Ǵ̵ѣĹĽǵصû˿ĶΧʲôû
ô
ȵŮͣʱ߹ȥʵͬʱһģһůѸӿ뵽˴Ůڡ
ûã̮ͨصҵĵִﲻ
Ů¶̵ѣһʵȻ֪Ҫٻϣ΢΢ҲĿǰΨһ뵽İ취ˡ
ʲô
˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬ڰв֪˭˳˵ĿȥֻƬռĽɶʯͣ͸һĽ⣬ƺʲôҪӵص
飬ֻգۼ䣬һȭͷСġ⡱ӵص˳
ŽͬʱڲԶĵطڶţšⲻ

ԭ򶨵ȺʱһƬңһ׷ȥ
׳棡ֿ˵Ľ׳棡
һ߼ֱŵϡ֮ǰֽ׳棬˵ûбֳӸӿµĶˣǼֱߵجΡ
ҲҪţǴŮٻģṥң
ͻȻһ˶Ԫһʱվ˳ҵȺ˲١
һ˫˫ĿѸٻ㼯ĴŮϡ
λ֮ǰΪԭ򣬲òλ֣ȻҪػļҪĶαֹ˽롣ʲôɣⶼǵĴҲΪ°ɣ
Ů˵仰һܿЩϴӵص档ҲֻǱ֮һϣû뵽Щ׳棬ҲǴ˵ӦٸϹˡ
Ǹľϲ
ھͿǵˡ
ŮһָܿЩ׳һӶ뵽ϷҲ֮С
ܹʳߵӼ΢µ˫ҧϱҿڿʳѪ⡣Զ˵ЩӾµجΡ
Ԫһߣûвǵġ
˹ˣڴ˵ǻӵһЩ˵ʣǾǿѸҵҲһЩϸСĿ϶Ѩܵҳͨĵ·ұҪʱֱҧӲʯͨͨĵ·
֪ɾռЩ׳棬Ϊ˶Ըߣǡǡҧ˵˫򦣬ӲޱȵĽпһعԼĴɹʵֻһЩ䡱ѡ
ˣ
һܼĳУЩɫǰͺ̣ѸʧϷĵز֮УһĳĬ͵ȴЩܲҵȥ·û˱̫ϣ
ŮȴʼƺŲɡ
ʱһһȥԼСյʱ֮ϷĵزɶһֻŰɫߵͻȻϷ˳𶯳䵽Ůϡ
ҵˣҵ·ˣ
䣡
Ϣ˲Ϣ䣬һƬϲʱԿ˵õϢˡ
˺ܿжѰҳȫͨԱָӴҼӹ̣еھƬ֮һѵͨһһ㣬ѸٳС
䣡
յĹ󣬵һ·ϣȫͨһȫ˷ܵĻ
ͨոھ򲻾ãҵȶ࣬Ӧ֮ǰھµģ˵·ǰȫģӦÿ˳ִ档
ԪһͻȻڵ˵Ļܲѡ
һ·ѹûп棬ħǣж͹ħһֱǰ棬Ҳаһ·ټǱʵ߳Ȼƾڴͨͨ·
治аˣ
ȻҲ⡣ĵطΪֹҲ̫ɳڣڴ˵أҲֻ·һԾ롣
ߣһξӦþͿԵˡ

ߣһӻ뿪һҪȥȸҹ飡
һͻȻЦҲɸźЦѸٳϷݶȥ
¡
˵ʱʱ죬ͨҵʱͻȻһӵص״ѵʯ䡣ͻȻĶһ׷ͣ½Ųһɫɲ
һ·ϣѾ֪ٴҲݵͻȻ֮ǰľͬȻ
ҪǣѾ治̫ԶˣҲṹȶ̮Ե̫ˡ
Ȼ˵ɻûгãһ̾͵õ˻Ӧ
𣡡
ֻһգۣһ춯صޱȣͻȻ·Լܵұڶһɹɵķ۳ұ˳׶ζ˲
ޣޣ
ʯ䣬һ壬
˵ʱʱ죬˾˶һ̣𶯣һǿӵصױըû˷Ӧһž޴ͷ޷ޣͻȻӵص׵˳һ˫ɺͬ㣬ݺݶͨڵˡ

ôһɲǣͨڣһļž˶һĻˡ
صѾһǧףǧ׾ͿԵ棬Щ޾Ӧó
ȫû˿׼
ߣ
˲Ϣ䣬ȺһƬң˾ʧ룬Ϸ·ӣǿҵĿ־ӿǿֲԼǿ壬˵Ϊֹ£޳ڵ״̬ľǻȺֻдһ;
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬Ҳܵͬʱ޵кһһɳҵĻЮźɫỤ̃ͨе
խ޵ڽ˶ĳ»棬ǶԸߵɱ
ϣ
ϸ룬еĴɽһȳ֡¡һһɫĽֱӽ޵룬ˮ˰㽦ͨұϡ
һɲǣұڶȼճ˺ɫ֭һ㣬ұ


1564 Ů

峤һתֱӳ·ȥͣâһĳֱӲͷ޵ͷ­
أ
һͻէشҺһѸٵȥܿʧ˵صס
ʧҲ΢΢ɫĴɽĳ߳ҴĵطΪҪͷ­һܹѣ֮ǿֱֲ
ʱ˿̣𾪵ģĴŮ졣Ǵһޣǵܵ˲ǲҲ뿪ԼĳѨ
һ·׷٣ûκεףͨеߣǾԲӦ÷ġ
ô
Ů˫𾪡ԸоϷĳЩѰı仯
𣡡
ͷ˺ȴãһһӺ󷽴ӵصЮβ׷ģԶֹһͷޣȻ˵Ļں󷽡
СӣΪӵ𣿴ɾԽҪ㣬ԽҪɱ㡣ڱǰ֮Ҳֻżѣ
ͻȻһ¡¡ףӵص״ںڰĵ£ͻԵɭޱȣҪǣ˵ǻһˡ
ֻǣôܣ
¡
ûʹŮ췴Ӧһ̣б·ݣһǿĿֲϢڹӰ仯һɭУһͷ޴޴Ӻڰл̤˹
ʹŮŤͷȥһ۾ͿһɫˣĿ
ˣ
ͷޣ˵ʼŮлǻɵĻôһ̣ͷһһϣԣ󷽵Ԫһ¶𺳵ɫ
һǧڵص󷨣㱾סҵȡСӵйͷ֮ޣǼһñô죡
Ӵһ˵ĻȴëȻ

ʯ䣬Ժһͷһ˲䣬ɫ԰ףеѪɫʵøɸɾ
˭Ҳû뵽ɾڵصףʶȻԸ׷ɱˣָоֲ
ߣͷѣΪҶԸ𣡡
Ԥϣһг˿ûȥ˼
ֻϧ벻ûȻҲḽϣ
СӣŪ࣬
弥ȻŭͷӴСɽͰޣͬʱڣԣԭɺҲ׷׻ɫ¡ֻһգۣͷ˳Ŷ˺ҧȥ
䣡
Ҳʱһľգۼ䣬ݺײͷ޵Ժ֮С
ȷϻʶǸͷϵʱо˶ԲߡҪԸõķʽǵҲʶֻҪͷڵʶͿԽͷ޴Ŀѳ
䣬һ죬ʵʻľ籩ͷڣѾһ㣬ײͷ޵ԺС
໣
һɲǣͷȻֹͺһεһ㣬ֻһ˲䣬ϤıŰϢٴϯ
ûõģСӣⲢʶ壬ǳԽЩϹʶ֮ҵʶѾͷڶΪһһξܹġ
ħϵĴΪ᷸𣡡
ڵͨһ̣ͷһݣٳȥ
ণ
˵ʱʱ죬Ҳͷ˳ͬʱһĶ̵ڵͨһ̣ͷ޵Уâһһͷһͷǰͺ̣ͷޡ
Щǿҧϸ򦣬Ĺͷޡһͷ΢ǳɰǧХͬ˰㽫ͷ˲û鲼ÿһ粿λ
ĹͷҲŭˡ
ūͣһҪɱ㣡
ŭӵͷ޵ڴ
ӵǿǣߵ⼸ߵجΣƫƫЩ漸ȫӵСǿڴ˵Ŀ£ǧ궼ûзͻʱ˿̣ͷﶼӭ˸ԵľС
ۣһҽĻ¶Զʮֻ棬Щյ⽹ۣð̣Ӱ׹Ĺȴͬķ
໣ҺУһͷޱ湥ҧȫѪܣһЩ֨֨Уͼͨϵ˿ڣڡ
䣡
һߣһͷ޻ӴЮž˵ײڶϡžžžһЩֱӱײñѿɫҺұڡ޵ĹڴԹ˾Щ涼ֵס
ĸܴ󣬼׿ǼӲǿ治˼޷Ĺ£ײצĻɲ
ӵȺʶɱ¾һͷ棬ͻἤȺıɱ¾Խ࣬ԽǷ

Զ忴һĻ;ˣû뵽ı仯
ߣ
ʱ򣬶̵ͻȻʧŮ
˴룬Ѿ̼ķ񣬽ҴҲĽޣҪǣһ񣬾ͻῪʼ޲ĹǱϿ뿪
Ůһ壬㳯ǰӶȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ԪһҲѸٵǰӡ
ŮˣĳӣһҪʬΣ
Ϸӳһξ룬֮սԽԽң쳹¡˭ҲûлͷȫٳϷ롣
䣬ȻһĳƬʯʱ̮Ȼ̶ֳȻסޣһֵסĻҲܹһʱ䡣
ǧ׵ľһζ룬Ѿ޵ײˡЭϷɸϣ֪ͨڣҲһЩȻɺڰȴ֮ǰա
쵽ˣӰѾǧףǾӦÿԳ뿪ˣ
徫ܵ
һӿǰȥ
͵ˣ
ʱһĵһ𣬶ͣ£
죿
忴߰Զ֪ʲôʱͣĴŮ죬һĲ졣߿ԼһѰ΢ЦЦоǳĲԾֻһʱ֮廹׵׷ʲô
ǰѾȫˣ㵽ҵԸˣѾûʲôźˡ
Ů壬΢΢Ц
죬˵ʲôɵϾͳȥˣȥ
üһַǳĸоƺʲô鷢ˣȴʲôֻ֪ʲôҪĶ


1565 Ůѡ
ڣӳΪع˵һҵʹػҵĹޡֻΪ˻ȫ뿪Ҳһ·׷档ҵְѾɣȥɣʹɾͬԸ
˵仰Ů¶һ˿ѵЦݣ漴תû˿ŵصȥ
죡
仰ʧɫҲ룬ŴŮ켱׷ȥ
Ůƺϵ׷Ÿ׷ȥɣ¡¡˲ұ̮̮ɽԶһ·ŵصȥ
ô
ޱȣҲ룬͵һ¡ɫĽֺƵ͵ĴصҲ֮УĽİҲ㣬ͼͨͨŮȳ
ɣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һһֻͻȻ̽ס塣Ԫһ֪ʲôʱߵֹ
Լѡȥɡصײȶǿֹĺ磬ȫɣ
Ԫһ쳣ƽȴ͸һ˿ǻۡ
𣬶˵ˡҪǣŮԼѡѡصѾ̮ɹ棬Ҳ֪Լʲôһõķʽѡ
û˵ԪһĻβףֻνܡ
¡¡ʱһ̮ӵص״һڳ˵ķȥ̮Ԫһıɫһ壬ȥ
￪ʼ̮ˣߣٲߣ߲ˣ
ŮڵصײϵͨӦ֮ͨ󣬿ʼ𶯵صҲ㣬Χ̮ʵϣԪһ޷ȷǲǴŮַ˱ߡ
飬һ޴ʯͻȻͷ׹䣬˽£Уһѷ㣬ͷѸ죬ҳ¡һ۴Ůʧķ̲סг̾Ϣһ
ټ죡
תԪһһڸ̮֮ͨǰŵȥ
֪˶٣ͨеĹԽԽҲԽԽһӵϷҿ
УһҪҵǷֳɼ·ܲһǱߣºƣһ·Ѱߡ
С㣬ģһҵģ
жϣ˲Զ
ˣҾ
һڵصδ䣬ԪһһΣһŵݶȥ
ЩȻ˵ˡ
ں󷽣һҲȥ
ոӳһξ룬ھ滹׵ʱͻȻ֮䣬һ΢޴С
ţ
üͷһ壬ʱͣ½Ų
ô£
ɻѣҲֻ׵ľ룬ӦòʵϣԪһһ
ݣ
һ̣һѸٳĵطӶȥأԽԽ
ӣһҪͦסһ취ģ
һ϶Ӷߴһʼ廹ûһһ𣬶ı˳

ôû뵽ʱ
Ӻͽһ򽹲ϣϲ뽹ӹȻɽǣҲͬɽС
жʱֲĸо

е¡¡»졣
ΧĵģƬ֮󣬺ܿһӺһ˿ζ»졣
ӣ
ǽ
ʣкܶķֲڣչΣѸٳķȥֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ھ棬һǧ׵ҵ˽
ֻ忴ǰĳʱвһء
֧У͹һԣ飬ǳرĿӹ˫ʱʱѪģ
ڽԣһ޴ʯϷҲ嶼޷жϣʯж
ǽ¶Ĳ־Ѿʮ׳
ʯĵײ忴˴ھɢһԵһ֣忴һھֱۣа䡣
Ѫ߰ߣ͸Ѫɫ
үңһҪңӾ棬˲ʱû뵽ͻȻ̮ӣں棬Ƴȥ
֣˾ͷ·ĵһ㣬ʹıס˫ȡ
ҲüΣÿεĽ緢˶־·Զһ
һΣ߳߶ߵĴУһοһı˺;
ʹ촽˵޷
һɲǣʯѹŵֱۣжʱַǳĸо
ǡӣ
̽ŵʹĵͷжʱȥӲ书˵ֻһ΢书Ϸľʯ¡
үûҸոջ˵ȾȾ
ƺ֪ʲôధ
ʱ壬Ͳ֪˭ȥ
ȱţģҶһӾȳģ
尲ο
ȻӼò࣬˻Ϊӵǰ֡ǶӣȴûʲôС෴ദʱ巴ӡǳ
ܿ콫עеʯ·
ף
ôʯͷѹԭΪ׶༪٣֮ǰǷҲ԰οӶࡣǵϸ̽ʱȴ־ʯµӰ΢ƺΪѪ࣬ܵʯĳԹȥˡ
ôܣ
һľɢȥܿͷеΡ
ԭʯȻأǱȴ͹ƽȻЩӿݣڵĵطеһݡ
Ҳ˽ӹһ٣û˵
Ȼôһ㰼ݣʱţصʯҲεѹ˵صס΢ʵ뷽ȳĻʱϵ̫·һ
飡
һ˫Ѹ˾ʯԵͬһʱ䣬ˮӿʯڲȻȻͼϵľʯ̧
Ȼֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ַ֪вͨ
Уʯʮأôһ鰼ۣŲпӵ
üͷ
ʯѹˣǸ侳ʥ侳ǿߣûô鷳ӵ̫̫Ķһʯ飬ѹӴʱ״ֻ·һ
Ҳζţֶܶθûа취ʩչ


1566 ӵ컯
ңȥԪһǣǼ˵Կ԰ҹӾȳ
忪ڵ
һ䣬չΣǰѰԪһæ
š
ǾŲŲƵɲǣһ΢ʯͷ·һعͷֻʯ¶ֱֻƺ΢΢һ¡
ǡ𣿡
ӵŰ㣬϶ĴУǳ
ǵģӣӣˣ
һԵĽɫһæǰ˲Ϣ䣬˼ޱȣʡ
ӡ鷳ˡңҳŲ˶ˣԺͰˡϣӡʶһķϣҺúáչ
ӵԽԽ΢ʵЩ
ȥʱ
гģӸĸо·в򣬷·ʱϨֵ֪ܼܲԼϵ档
ӣҪ˵ֻһµģ
˫Ŀ֮´ŵˮ
ֿ֮ͣѣ˵ûӣڲ֪ĸˣһ书̣ʱȥ
үȾǹӣ㣬һҪȾȹӣ
ͻȻŤͷǰʹĿͷͷ­ײ죬ѪˮȴȻ֪ͷ­ĵøˡ
û˵бò
ʱδʱǰĽԺд˷
ܿз·¶ĳ־ģڿˣֻʣһ취ˣ
ڵ¿ռ𣬽жһȻ̧ͷ壬¶ĳ߿ľ顣
үʲô취˵ֻҪܹȹӣ£ûδһ뾡취رү
һ
⣬ҹӵ̫κεľҶܵڸشֲԤ֪Ľֻʣ¸Ѫһ;ˡ

Ѫ
֣ɫһʱסˣߣҲǼʶ㣬Ҳȫ֪еĻѪʲôӴʱĴʲôϵ
ʱȣû̫ʱϸˣһˡ

Ҫӵֻ֮ʯĻѪȥڵ缲һǿ壬ԶԶ
ֻѾûʱȥϸ˵ˡ
䣡
Ͷ˵ץס¶ֱۣһɰѸپӵֱۺڡ
һҽڵƣһƶڵѪҺС
ʧѪ࣬ԽԽ䣬ֻǡֵƶڵѪҺܸһĸסһϢӳʱ䡣
ע⣬ȷҪĿ껻Ѫ𣿡
ͬʱ֮ʯԺ
ȷ
һûκεԥѸ֧˸ӻѪҪ㡣
ˣһӿһεĹͻȻʱ֣Ѹٹᴩ˾ʯµӡ
ڤڤУһصĹ£һЩͨ˵صı仯
һɹѪҺѸעڣעԭѾɺԵѪܺ;֮С
ŻѪõɲǣԥѸָӶһ˼ǿЩǰ˵ǼΪݳޣڵ˵Щ΢
ʱ仺ȥһ̣ڽԼѾϣʱ򣬾ʯ£ԭѾҪϨ֮𣬾Ȼһֲ˼ķʽٴʢ
ӣ
仯ϲ⣬˷ϲãԼ۾
ӣôˣ
ʱͻȻڵ
ӣô£ôо塭
ֻ˵һ˵ȥˡѾϱڷԼ֪ô˵
Ȼˣ
ӵ΢΢˵ͷӵǳ΢Աȸոպ࣬Ѿոһߣƺʱȥˡ
ãҪ𣬽Ҫ齫ǳؼܲܽȳͿжˡ
Ը
һȻ֪Ҫʲôʣ취Լ
һ׼һ̣ڽŵĿУץסӵֱۣ𶯣п
һƬڰĵصף˫磬һһֻͬʱ֡
䣬һ̣ڳǧʵʣٴ纣뵽˾ʯ£ӵڡ
ڹӿӵڣһԣ˶ˡ
컯
û뵽Ȼſѧӹ书
¿ռУ¹ӰãԴԴӿӵڡ
ҲĻԵ컯ȻˣԳȫɣ
ʯ·ֱۣа
ڰγɽ֮ǰڵ߻ħһȷǳأǧֲͬڻͻȻɽ˰˾ųɵĲȻвٵڡ
ЩѾõһɹˣûɡԭ˼ȵȥ֮󣬽һ˴ɹĹУǳ׻ȥ
ʱѾòô鷳ˡ
ЩڣһӵĹҲһУ׽ϵڵĹԲ硣
˵ǲӵǶּͨ˵ȴ
ЩӦ㹻侳ˣ
а
һ̣΢һ׼չͻȻ֮䣬һͷԺĬƬ̣ͻȻӻȡö顣ڹâ䣬Ű֮ǰӵرȥʱڵص׼ȡԪ
˰ﵽףͷ͵ҲԵ֣οһðݣ԰ﵽףһɣ
ͷһָ̣꣬һգһɹʵʵǿԪӾͷųɽ컯ӿƵٴӿӵڡ
ڵĹѾͣͣʱˮǴߣʱٴα߽ף۷壬䣬侳ڵ
¿ռڣĵھʯԣ;ˡǰһѾԽ󣬾ɵӶ֪ڸʲô
ô̤꣬ǧɽˮñ·ңѰ˸ĵرҪӽϵ缲һ⣬ȫʧˡڳʮ󣬾ҪˣоӴֻˡ
û뵽ȻλϣʵôԸ
һԳ趯Ե壬һֱ̣Ϊ𾪵Ļ˵


1567 һ죡
Ҳὣܵ𺳺ͳӿȻΪӹ˿̣ҲǸоľ
ԭΪܹһٴ侳ͻƵ侳ѾǼޣټȥ¹̲û뵽ӵͺһɺԵĺһڷ˿û˼
˾ȵǣЩӿȻѸٵתû˿ͣ͡
๫ӵȻ޷ϰ䣬֪ѧڻͨЩ֮Ĳ࣬ҲȻġ
ΨһģֻȻȱľڣ廻Ѫ֮Ҳûʲôܹס
ǲ˼飬Ҷ͹Ǳˣ
ĿѩΪ̾һţһѸټӴ˶ӵĹ͡
˿̣жڴҪӵļ޵
нף߽ף۷塭ڶ𶯷ʱӾȻһͻһϣﵽǧʥ侳
һ侳ͨߣ̶ʱڣһԾΪʥ侳ǿߣ󣬵ȴ붼飬Ȼȴʵˡ
ӵʵ
ʧ֪Ǹ缲ȻйʣҲ޷ΪǿߣҲΪϵ缲СӦ̷ĵرս󣬸·Ȼ··ͨ
аڸĹУȻûκε谭
ԭжֻʥ󣬾Ȼһ·ʥ侳нס
ãڻչУ»ӰҲʧ
лүлүү£û
ʱһӶߴɫ֣أڵϣͻȻߵͷ
ȱ̫磬һлûнȻ˹ؼǵÿԼԣܲܽգ׵ĻΪãͿ컯ˡ
嵭
ľһֱڲ鿴ڵô׵ģӸոյڣһֱڱĿϢȫ崫ȥ
ʱ仺ȥ΢΢֪˶ãڣһϤ΢΢ЩɳƣӾʯ´ͬʱڽ߻죺
ӣлл㴫ҵѾȫˣҸо˵״̬ǰδеĺãа취ˡ
ӵ䣬ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬䣬һǿҵӵصұ𲢲Ǻܸߣȴһķʽԭǿгʯ
ǾʯԵȻҪʯֻ̧ҪıԵƶ˿ķ϶
һĻ嶼üͷһдΪ̾
ӵԼ֪ĹԶĻҪࡣ
һΪֻС侳ͨߣڱǿʥн֮󣬾Ȼôգʥ侳ͬʱһʩչ˸ļɼѾʩչඥ󷢡һ仰ͿԽ͵ˡ
͵һºܶʥ侳ǿ߶һܹôʩչ
ԣʵǾˣֲɽšγ䡯ĳƺš
йâһа
¡
һ춯صľ죬޴ʯӵɶŲ˸ķ϶
һ˵ʵȻЩԽصʯ̧һ̣飬һ͵ؿסʯԵæסʯ
飡
ͬʱҲ֣˫ƵסʯıԵȫʯ̧
ⳡԮؼľʯ壬ȻѾȥ缲Ҵﵽʥ侳ǿҲһоͱ÷ǳˡ
¡һ죬ͻȻƣһץסʯӵֱۣ͵طӵ˳
ͬһʱ䣬ʯ׹£¡죬Ӵ˿ѾȻա
ӾʯӣͷɢңѪۣȴĿڣޱȣƺڸոյġ׳١С
ɹˣҳɹˣոҾȻʩչ˷ױ
˼ѡױԼʽԴһžѧ롣Ϊӱʵôļѧһֱûа취ɣڣȻԽԴžѧʩչۻΪʵҪǣӵǿĸоǡǡһġ
ӣлл㣬лл㣡
ӺܿתͷһԵ壬Եĸм
Ǻǣ˾ͺãʲô뿪˵
Ц
ӵʵ˶Ŀһ£̾ѣ޵УѸٵȹ̸նӦ缶ǧһƾڱֳԺʣδĳɾͱض޿
û⣬ϤڵӦúܿͻƵ۹󽫵ļ𡣿յĳɾͻԶֹˡ¼Ҫһǿˡ
ЩͷԺзӶݸӼ˵ĵҩһ˺ܿ뿪صףͨص档

΢һµĿӭӵ߳ɲǣǰտԼϤĵò˶ʱֻؼյĸо
ԭѾˡ
һϤۣҲĵض˳Ϥľ󣬸пѡ
ΧһƬͺͺĻĮشԶȼŴϡ٣⼸Ŵȴ쳣ǿ֦ҶïʢǼŴ֮ͨ䣬һɢߺɢУ˵ʲô
εص֮أ˵ܹؼգ͵ӵ˵ڶ
ԴˣÿжҲѣҶ˵ӵص׳ε֮оѾĻҪԺȥԼƺ顣
ˣ
ӵ˴ӵص߳ʱԭ˽ȺͻȻ˼֡漴˷߷׷̸ֹͣŤͷ塣
һ̣ΪȫĿ֮Ľ㡣
ˣˣ
һƬžУ֪˭С۵ĳźš
䣡
һ̣һ춯صĻ㣬ƬȺϿջ졣
ӣ
ӣ

Ⱥ׷׻֡ӵص׵棬λͨһδжӮЩԵӵ;塣
͢ɽμߣܵôߵһ𾴣ҲǶһˡ
һ㵣漴ҲЦһĻ֮ǰûġ
ϲԲ֮Сһǧ㡣
֮ʯʱڶ
Сӣ벻㻹š
ҲʱһӶߴ֪ʲôʱԱ˹͹ħӰΡ
ôҴһ𣿡
Ŷ棬ЦЦ


1568 аϿɣ
ˣ
˰ֵ
ϷⱲҲͺЩν˷ͻο㱾аˣҡڵʵҿδشùˣ
һ仰¶һ˿εĿЦԸ¹ֳʵٶ༸Ҳ򣬼ȻˣֺαҲʹ졣˵廹ȹǵ
СӣѾҲܿҪˡȥɣ
ʱһûôڵͻȻһףһɫĹͷ˹ȥ
һ̧ʶסв첻ѡ
˼Ҳߵ˵֪ǳ͢аݵĻԺʲô£ʱǡ


ⷬʱˡ˾ٶʵ㵲ѣʼϲ̧ͷֻҲЦȻľ
лˣ
ĬƬ̣漴һ֣ص
棬һûʲôøУ˵˫֮ǰͻ֮ǰĺҲǲòΪ֮ǲò˵˴ʱľٶӮеһ˿ء
˿أһ̾ʧˡ
Сӣɹλɾ׸ʲô
һԵͻȻڵѯʡһ䣬뿴塣
ôҲ뿴һֻһˣҪҪһԣҴһ
嵭Ц

Ļ˲ͬʱЦ
ڵ壬һʵǿþˣҲ˵һܴܲùùҲҪڳͬͬ⡣֮ǰǷҲ̽һ壬˵˵ѡ
ڴЦУħȫ뿪ˡһߣ˵Ҳ׷׸뿪ʱࡣ
˵뿪󲻾ãԪһлͤ˾Ԫ׺ŷҲһ˹һ˲䣬е˵Ҳ׷תͷ˹
У˺Ĺϵģϸ˵ʼǰʱƭǣ˫֮ġᡱҲԽԽ
ӣʶҲһԵ֣ڣҲҪˡ
ȿڵĲԪһһԵлͤлͤ΢Ц紺绯֮꣬䷴ûеìܡ
ǣҲҪˡɾĽƿѹǸ̫ãǾ뿪Ϊ
Ҳڵ
Ŷ
лͤ΢΢һ㵣漴Ц
ҲãԺ͹ӽټˡ
塣
ʱһԵԪһͻȻ˵ˡ
ķϣʦǰЩҿʱ£֮ҲӴһʹ·ԶǺڡ
˵仰ԪһһӣԶݶȥ
Զлͤ岢ԪһԶȥıӰʧЦѡʶԪһôãʲôʱԪһ׸ıԼ⣬οķаħͷ
Ԫһ˵ģҲͲԹˡ
ʶԪһô꣬ǵһμһôء
Ӳ⣬Яһ壬Ҳ˵ơԺӵҪǡոǷӾͲˡ
лͤ˵仰ȻһЦܿԪһȥ
ȻǸԪһ
лͤĻһ㶣漴ȥӰ漴ҡҡͷȻһЦҲͲȥˡ
Ԫһлͤһߣ˵ĵҲ׷ȥˡ
СӣСӣ
ҲʱһϤĴԶԶһЦȥ͵سķȥ
ֻǧĵطһСӰһ·ţ߶
ͼˣ
ǵӰԶԶ֣¶һ˿ĵЦݡ
˽صѾкܳһʱˣںͳ֮Ҳ༫Զôʱ䣬ͼҲǵõϢص
Сӣڵȵˣ
Զͼ˶ĸ˹漴һ˷ܣٳķ
ү
ͼ˳ʱͻȻһϸ΢ĽŲ
үҲ׼ˡ
عͷֻ֪ʲôʱһӰ
棬ôҪ𣿡
忴ļ棬һ
ţ
˵ͷһ˿ӵɫ
ˣұصݣﻹЩ飬ұȥͲһһˡһʦϴ峤ʺðɣ
һ˵ͷʦй飬Ҳĳ̶ֳϵѣһ㣬ڰоѾ֪ˡ
ʵҪģ뿪֮ǰҲЩ˵
Ŷ
üͷһΪ⡣
ʵҲǳŴɹġ
ĬƬ̺󣬶˵ĵһ仰Ϊ⡣
ǰϷݵʱϷ򣬿һϷԵϷȥԸһˣֻǺΪԭϷˡ
ˣ
仰ͫһıɫⷬ˵ĺޣ˵ܶණ̫Ѿˡ
ûȻɱԼģ
ЩޣϷûа취˵ֱ̫ףӣգӻҪСİ
涢壬ĳ
л棡
仰˫Ҿһ
Լݣܹ˵Щ飬ѾǷǳˡϾ֮仹ԶûôĽ顣
ݣ
䣬ûȵͼ˸ϹתԶȥ
棡
ڼݳȥʮԶʱͻȻˡ˵ȴ治ɻһ
ǸˡԸңʲô޷ܵ𣿡
Ϸиܺõѣؾ֮ΪĳЩ鱻˴ƻʹڵΣǸŵңֻҪ飬Ϳ԰æ
ͣ½Ų˵仰Ҳûͣ˸׵ʧˡ
ѡΡ
΢΢۾ż뿪ķ˼ܿ죬ͻعŶͼӭ˹ȥ
Сӣҵˣ
ͼ˵ûע⵽壬Цţݺݸһӵ
أǽ˺üε𣬶ҾȥһͷŵĸСӸ󣬾֪ûô
İɣӦġ顷ûи㣬ôأ
΢΢Ц
ˣ
顷ĸ֣ͼ͵һ۾˼ѡ
Сӡ㡭㡭
ͼһ˵ĽͰͣˡ

ЦһҲûӣֱȡǱղصġ顷˹ȥ
̫ˣ̫ˣ
ͼ˴нӹ飬˼ѣһǣͼѾһˣȻǰݺᣬ´ŵ


1569 
ǰ
Щ޴ˡ
û£û£Сӣлл㣬벻Ϸ֮ȻܹⱾ֮ϱ䣡̫ˣ
ͼֵ
һ˵ţһ߷еֻȼҳ˵ԽԽͣĿҲסһȫ벻ϵǱ顣󣬾ȻȻһԵ壬һ˾ڵϯضʼж
忪ʼһһĻ˿ЦãͼڵӣֻǸ˵ʲôҲȥˡ
Աߵȴͬʱͼ˻ʱ򣬲ɽǰлģΧȺԽԽ١
֪˶ãĵƽߴһϤӰѸٳķеһɫȼĿ
峤ʦأǺһ𣿡
弱ӭȥʵ
ˣ֮Իû뿪Ϊ˵˴峤аˡӵص׵棬ȻһֱûпǶˣյĴѶַ˫ƽ
һ·ҲǵһηֿмҲļ裬ǵĿǰΪֹûʲôܹסʦ˴峤ȻҲһ
˴峤ͣ½ŲǲĿһ۲ԶϥڵϣͼһۣȻܿջĿ⣬һࡣ
ʦһ仰ģ㲻ҪиϻؾʦǱЩҪʱûа취ȥ
˴峤ûȦӣżɽ

ⷬΪ⣬ʦദôãǰûзܿ죬ͻع
ˣʦھʦ
ܿ쿪ڵ
Ȼ֪ʦΪʲô鵢飬ǼȻʦѾ˾˴峤ԼȻľ
ˣ峤ˣ֮ʲô𣿡
忪ڵ
ǺǣЩͷӺ˲һûôĶҪæҲûʲôҪ׼ﶺ죬ʦ֮پȥ
˴峤Ц
š
˵ͷȻϴ峤Ѿ˰ţҲͲȥǿˡ
ণ
ʱͻȻһХԶͬʱ˴峤ע⡣ѭȥֻԶһֻ޴ӥ˫չ׶೤ѲţڵķϵĽɫԲϵĺɫ˿ǳۡ
˶ˣ
˴峤ͻȻڵ
аһ˹ͺɺھеһЩͨѶʽǳ˽⡣ͨżõŸ룬һҪľ鴫ϢõӥһչᳬһףеֻӥһչѾﵽףϵĽɫԲͺɫ˿ӵзͬѰ塣
ʲôͨ»ֵӥ
ণ
һ̣ɫأзһХͬʱֳһ¡һ̣յӥͺѰĿһ˲侫ӣ籼׳һ㣬ķ
һ죬˵ĿУһѽסֻ˶ӥ
ӥϲͲҿӣȡһűֻֽǿһۣʱ΢΢ɫɫҲޱȡ
峤ʦг˵飬ҿҪһˣʦǱ߾鷳ˣ
幪һȻֱһУӥͬʱֽŲԶȥ
λ֪λԽһ
ͻȻڵ
У
У

ĻȺһӷӦһѣ׷׳ӿȥ̬ޱȡ

ͬʱڵλһط
󣡡
ɽһıȣ쳹ա
ͨ
ɲǣһӰɢ˫ϥһ͵Ĺڵϡ
ʦ
䣬ͬɸһ亹乶£ֻ˲Ϣ䣬Ȼ˺Ρ
ɣ
ԶֻһƬɱ
аһۣͬһͷŭʨ㴣ڴϣǰưڵأҡ
ô꣬վ־Ĵڡ
ռž˭û˵

ꤣһѸͣԣϴ·ϵĿԼϳһж׼׵Ϊʾ𾴣Щ׼һӡ
һ˵֮Уɽеĺ¾Ԫһ˶޷⡣
ϾԪһֻܺˣȴѾͬʱаˡ
ӣ
׼ʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲͻȻ
ӣ
عͷ׷ӺͽĲ졣
ھĵطӺͽͣͶ˻࿴һۣǰ
ӣҺͽǹˣһûӣǶ˿ڵصˣ˵ӻκ϶缲һԲѧϰ书Ը
ңһ£µɽɽˮˮ¿ҲˣҲûʲô̫õȥӲºͽԸ׷ڹߣΪЧ
ӳ
ⷬΪ⣬ɲĿӺͽһۡ
˵һֱŴƾӻñԿʳ˹أͻʺگˣԹأƵİա²ţΪˣҲԸһ֮ңеľɫѾĲˣδҲϣսϼʶһ
ԥɫӽ˵
屾˼ⷬʱɵЦ˳
ӲرôɣҴӦˣɣ
˵ţѸٽһֻ쵽ǰ
ӵȺڣʵʼʱ򣬾£֮⣬ֻǿûкʵ֮󣬾и漱ѾͷˣӾȻͶβϲ
ֻЩģֻǱűͷҪ׷ԼڿԼˡ
ԼӦӿǱԼҪżԺ󻹲ҳʲôڡ
̫ˣϣ
ӳź֣һЦ˺ܿ
ݣ
һ飬ڿз죬ʻһѸٳžʦȥ

۵糸˱ҪĽʳԼϢڸ·
·;У󲿷ʱɫأʱ򣬾ƣͬʱһڻûȫյĲ
ӵ츳ʵˣ̶ʱ䣬Ѿȫȹҽѧһһʩչڻͨ
ֹˣӵ˼άпգһ񣬹ϣԺ廥֣̽ĳЩʱ򣬾嶼ܴϵõһЩ
¡¡һ·£ھصʱͻȻͣ
ӣȥʦأʦѾΪ˴Ƶġڴ֮ǰһҪ飬Ҫȥɡ
ڣ忴ŶӣͻȻ֣صȡһƣ
֮ȻǼҵʱ򣬵ĵȻڲⲿʳ˻ҲĻ죬ʼ԰ģҪǰȱڣһǳҪ顣


1570 ʦ״
һ˵ţһ߽һż˹ȥ
ֻһۣʱͫһĿ¶صɫ
ˣ齻ȥɣ
˵ͷδУԤ򱸲Ԥϡ
ȱڵθӣͬʱλͻʣ˹ص۹ʳԼſƵ֮䣬ȻѾպɽҵ򣬵ʼվﻹǹ΢
Ҫǣ尲ŵֻʺȥɡ
֮⣬лһССĴ㣬պɽҵҪΪǰĵ۹󽫣ȴû㹻ʱɳ
ӵĸƾѧֱԼصᣬ˵ܹպɽҵһ¥ǰﵽǰĸ߶ȡ
Ĳ˵ΪӶ
ɾҲ˵һƽʱ٣²ûʱȥָ˵ѧһ棬ȫ޷á
ȵһнӻаš
ݣ
Ӻͽܿ뿪һ·̳ٳžʦȥ
Լ֮һ·Խɽ룬ٴλص˴ΰľʦ

䣡
ԶԶأ͸߸ߵĽɫƶǣֻʦУﲻ罭һ㣬ڳӿӿһƬֵӡ
ȵĻƧ֮ػصʦ岻һ㱣һ㡣ֻǲ֪ΪʲôٴμʦܸоЩ̫һƺһЩɪصζ
ݣ
һߺȣܿջĿ⣬Ⱥ֮У뵽˾ʦ

ʱ˿̣ҸۡǰųӥȸǣԪ˷׷վǰȴ
ǣ˵Ļ𣿡
ǰ̲סʵӽӵϢһȲѰ뿪ڣѾкܳһʱ䣬ÿ˶ڵ״ûҺ;ʦһƬҡ
ò׵õؾϢﰴס
дģӵǲǶѾ𣿡
ǳҵ⣬Ȼ򶨣Уһ㶼١
ˣӥȸûв鵽ϢүﻹжԶ
ǺܿعͷһɽͰ㴣ɫӥһΣӥүϢġ
һؾ£вԴʮӣӥҲΪ˴£صسءү·ϵг̣Ҳֻӥһ˲ϸ֪
Ҫ˶ˣܿ͵
ӥڣʹ˵š
ԣᡣʱǰӥʱôشģѾȥôˣ仰
¡¡
ʱͻȻ֮䣬ֹ𶯣˵ĿУһæͻȻͣ˻ʼҸۡǰ飬Ŵ򿪣һֻȴ˳
ү
ү
үڻˣ

߳壬һ鼤׷׿첽ӭ
һһֱ޶ԵӥҲѸٳķ
үôˣ
һΧ壬ޱȡ뿪˾ʦһ£˵ĸоȴ÷·һ㡣
Ѿûˣʲôȥ˵ɣ
嵭
˵䣬Ÿۡȥ
һµʱ䲻˵ԽĳȶأҲӵһַ˪ĥ£Խĸо
鷿Ѫһһ£ʱ޿̲ڵ״ȻʵģǾ䡰Ѿûˡķ˴룬첽Ÿȥ
飡һ˽븮вͣҸۡĴһ͵عϡ
鷿֮ϤΣɫ̴ľϣǵˡ
彫Լľ̵˵һĿܿ򷿼еˡ
ǣҲڵʱ䣬ʦʲô
忪ڵһ仰ɫ΢䣬ڵҲ˲
ȥʱǱ֮ҵʱһ¹ȥû֣ʦ֮ôܺ͵һʲôûз
鷿ڣѹ֣˳Ĭ
ǣ˻࿴һۣ˫пͬĵǣӵѪȻ߻ħǺͱ֮Ҳδûйϵᣬʦڮ٣ҲƼأ˴峤а˴ȥ
һĵľ顣
ͷһͷҲһ֪Ÿ룬κһʵġ
ү
ĬƬ̣ǰһ˳
ûүھ򣬳Ұ⣬ܣ꼤Ѿȫƿס˳á
˵ĵһ仰ѹޱȣ鷿ڵҲࡣ
Ԥϣ΢΢˫ۣһƺ˼ʲôƺȴеƽࡣ
ӡָңһߣһټӵĺ٣ڵʱ򣬾Ͷľ֧û͸ûǵĶˡ
ֻǾʦз飬Զֹƿ˳͢ô򵥡
˶پͽ岻ʱʦзһһ
ʧһϵﶼܵ˴ѹлڳеֹԺȫյãްȫá
һЩ٣ͷֱӽ˹ְ׹ﲻֹˣսı߹ؽ죬ȫһΪص
Щϵı߹ؽ죬ȫȨתΪְŸأΡ
֮⣬ƾӵĺ٣Ŀƾǰ£״Ԫۣ̽ǰ׼ȫ֧۵ˡ
ڳϣȨԽԽ󣬾˵Ѿﵽ˺ָ̹µĵز
⣬һҪ飬Ǵү֮ǰۺʹ֣ץסһС£ż˳á
˵͵͵̧ͷһ壬ԽԽҲԽԽС
ҵĴүȻҲҵĴبˡب˵ǼϲҪԼĶӡͬʱبҲڳУλߵĴڡبżã˵Ǹذը
Ҳζţ£ԽµңڳѾûʲôȨˡ
ԼҲǳڳȻǸ޴ĳ
Ȼ仰һ鷿ڵնʱԵøѹˡ
һɲǣһƬţ˭Ҳû˵
ɫ̴ľУд˷ھе飬ԤϣֻǴ󲮵ĳȻе˼𺳣ʦееĻҪӵöࡣ
˵ɣʲô飬ʱӥż֮жڳõֲֻᣬҲڵʱ䣬ʦӦԶֹ˰ɣ
ãͻȻڵ


1571 ܻᣡ
ڣɫһϡʲôʲôүĿһǰ˸ʲô
İɣѾ׼
ƽô£ٻϢ嶼ѾԽˡ
ү
һԵǺͷ˿ĭͷС˵һ顣
źҲڵʱָѾеˣɹͨһЭ飬׷ϳڴƸݸѾóøɸɾ
⣬۵ǿ£ڴĺ뾩ʦԼݸأ֮κʱҪöࡣʦ֮оѾ֮
Щ֮з˲ٵĵй̽ӣȫѹ
һԵȸ
䣡
仰𣬼ԤϣһµʱһսѹƱãɫɱѿޱȡ
ǹ֮Ǻ󱸵ıԴûһ£롣
ۣ
Ժһ֣ݺݵסȭͷ
ү
壬һɫǣĵĲ˭Ҳʱ򿪿ڣճؼֱϢ
·ֻһɲַ·ͣڣ˶
֪ˣ
˰֣һȻЩȴûеô
ʧȥǶһһûأʱԵʧܸأһҪдĶһһһһص졣

侲˶ɵĳһзࡣ
ڷ֮࣬ÿжЩиڴ
ⲻ˵һôѺͶ֣֮ս˹֮սһУκ£ԼҵĹӱżȵκġ
Լʱһһ㱨һ£׷뿪˷䣬뿪ŤͷһԵӥ
ӥ˵ɣǱߵĵ׷ʲô
ֱʱŻڵ
һ˵ţһߴȡӥĸǷšչϣ˹ȥ
شյǷţǹھʦ߳õĶǺйء
ӥ˱˴ϵϢӥǷţʮ𼱣ûкص飬ӥǲĳŵġ
ү˵Լ֮ǰһڸ˹ԼͻʵĶͬʱʦ͸֮ϢʱԵλ¹٣ңͻȻǵҵ˵зǳҪҪү¹ӵ
ˣӥʱҲɫյ黺
ҵʱЩ֣ӵƾźүİھӦѾס˽ŸҸһ㶼ǸΪʲôҡʱֻ˵һ䣬ڵҸۡ޷Ҳ֮ܿ¶ܴĹ˼ɡߵʱţ
⣡
ӥһ˵һߴȡһţ˫ţĵݸ塣û˵ֻǲŷ⣬ȡż㣬ϸĿ
ӥվڶ棬һ仰Ҷ˵Ψִŵ塣
ʱ仺ȥڷеż㡣һ˫üͷ
У֧֧ᣬɲ꣬ƺʱУţеɻ󲻵ûм٣ˡ
֪ˣ
ܿع˰֣ӥֻʣһĵһƬţһ֧üģ˼
֮ǰܵӥǷʱ֮ʯٴԺл졣
棬ƻپ޴в񼴽ʧܣһĿ۳ʮ㡣
ע⣬Ϊ磬ҪĿｫӰ쵽ʷ򣬿ܵ±ǰһ޷Ԥ֪ķʹñıͻҡעʧܣ۳һ㣡

⵽ô£
鷿üͷԽԽжϣϴεĴִӦڻʹӦԼϣӦҲ£һЩ԰ıߣһóԸҲûôףһݷͬСɣ袣࣬۾֮ҲֻǹΡ
Ϊʲô֮ʯʾԼ
Ӧð
üͷϸ䣬Լļ䣬ʱӦòûʲôش¼вࡣ
ܿعĿ䵽ϵŷϣŷ⣬ʳжָ̽УܿȡһöСС
öССƣ
ʱ仺ȥϢķؾʦû̫˻֪ǵڶ졣
һ¿ľ¥ûʣŴд֡¥
֣¥ľ¥֮һÿ̡֣̾ľʦﲻڵľʦʳУ׷ƽ¥ļơ
֨
һֵһͣڳ¥ǰŻ򿪣һӰ˳
𣿡
̧ͷһ۳¥Ժһͷ
ڵЩ΢ݣڵΪȻȲʲôͨĴʦļ鼡⡢һ̶ϸıۻõġҳ¥ǰˮһʱ֮䣬ȥر⣬ע⵽
Ųܿǰȥ
¥ڣһСŹ̨ʼġ¥ĿӴ󣬱С˽ϽӭȥдæòɿСȴûпһʼ޶ԡ
߹ȥʲôû˵ֻһţöСѸٴСǰһš
ˣ
ĵĺɫƣԭСһͫ͵شͺһܿ죬˾ͻָ
͹٣ϣ룡
֮ǰСһӣһȥһ¥һСѸ˳һ񣬽뵽˵¡
үˣ˾棬Ƽһۣ
ΧһˣС̬ϹϾ
һֻ΢΢˵ͷܿƿ˽ȥ
ﾲĵģȴ·һ㶼⡣
ңɣ
ͷҲص
ΧţûһϢҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һɿȵĽİҡΣӰ˳
壬ҡ
˵͵͵ȴҲһ΢ĵƹ⣬ǰ˺󣬶ʱɫһ
£
һ𣬶ʱеΪ⡣
¥ҵ˼ҲΪԼҪǴλһ£ֻû뵽ڳ¥°еȴԼĲңʹУࡣ


1572 ı֮
ʱûдŴݵۣǴһĻ¹ٷΡϸĻΪҡ
ϸȥǻῴ͸һ˿ĽǺͲ
£ôҡ
忴һϵĻ¹ֹۣΪֹ֪ʹе׳ʲô¡
ӾȻðճԼƫƧĵص׼棬Ȼ̬С
еǣݣȻûһͬ
˵עھ̫˶ˡ

ⷬ屾ܵüһҷҲһˣʲôעڵѾô˹ע
ɻѡ
壬һΣζһҪ취ҡ
ཹ
£ȲҪţһģȸҵ׳ʲôˣ
ԽĸеΡ
ಢôסˣҪȻһεʥʵ棬ͲܴݶȹȻԼ㣬ҲҪԼŹ˵Ժ
һΣĸоܲһ
壬ڳһ죬Ȩ죬ڹѾǴ粽ˡ
һƽľ
ˣ
ӵĻ嶸ıɫ֪£ԲԼҲû뵽ȻƵֵز
Ӻ֮ĳͻɲһˣǴһȺأСסô꣬ᵳӪ˽˽˲ٿ£ǴһֱûбץѱλҲһֱ̩ɽ
һ㣬Ҳò֡
Դӵ·񣬴°ѱУܱ֮¯ࡣ˵ⲻһ׷
ү뿪һ£Щ鲻֪źۿ˳ãȫ˹Сʱ䣬ֵͬ죬ҲơߵЩĻһ֮ȫͷҪô߷ҪôΥģȫԿΪɣ׽
һЩҪĻţڷǰʱ⵽˽ɱӸǣǱɱġ·ϵѱү˸ɾ߶л͵ĺ֣侳ĻкüʲôʱѾôˣ侳Ļɱ
ΪС𣿼ֱ̫
˵ʱ򣬷ŭ촽ڶ¡
ʲô
ӵĻһдΪ⣺
ô飡
һʯǧˣӵĻжȻɲû뵽Ȼ顣
ǰıޱȵӣһɲǣͻȻףΪʲôԼǰεӰֻ˶ûˡ
һӣڱѹȵ״̬һμʱѾѣ㵽ֹԺȥˡ
һУ˴ѹڻʹк޴ڸУӡڣһһԼһж˵ĲףҲ˸ӡ
ڣӵЩٶǸһ
ֹˣڹмֱ޼ɵһµʱ䣬ڻʹоѾ⵽ȺΰɱоڹаģǰֻѾүˡ
ɫ԰ףЩ壬ķŭĴۣûһΣо
ɱ
һԵɫأб֮໹Ҫ𶯡
ɱӣһڻʹص֮УɲС£һ׷ԻֵǷꡣ
ǴҲδ̫޼ɵˣ
ĵһӦΣܾôˡһҪִ˵ֱӾͿ԰Ѵȥ
ʼķŭ֮͸оһ˿Ρ
һǸԱΪʲôλôסһΪ
Ժһͷܿ侲
ǱܵģоЩԾĵһоûп˲߻ģ
ܿͷӦ
ӾҪԸӣҲܸôĿŵһڴʱ൱ĿˣӴʲô֮١
ƻҾĸ޴ֵز
ʱ˳˼
ҵĵĻֻ
Ȼһ࣬ȴ֪е˼룬ôڵȵ壬һҶƼҵĹǡһٵֲ˳ΣպʹۣȫһԵĳ˳
ȻΣգֻҪҽС΢ҲܲĿŵɱҵĹҵĵĻǸʣ
ˣ
仰·һ£͵Ťͷǰࡣ
ʥôˣ
ɫ
⡭
һܣһ£ƺкܴĹ˼ɣǰ壬˵˳
ȻһֱǸʡ﷢ô飬ҵʱĵһ뷨ҪȥһʣøֹֻҪһ仰ǴٷҲǵȥҸʵʱȴָ޷ӽʡ
ʵ޹Χȫֵ֣ûһʶġЩӣҲ뿿ҿʼֻΪΪ˷ңصôɵģǺȴֲôˡֻң̫׺̫ǣѾþûмʡӣһ⣬ͳͳء
壬Ҳ֪һ̫ǳأʱ򣬻̫ѧϰڣ̫ûа취ʣ˵ˡ
˵ּֿԵ÷ǳļԼûʲôоһԵȴͱɫ
£㵽˵ʲô
ͻȻ
һȻЩԣǿһ֣ءɫʶʲôʱȻֹ
಻Ҳˣڹдйɱӣѳ־֮ͳسЩûʲôЩһζͲһˡ
Լûв˵һ޲ָڸɻ䣬գҲΪҴ壬Ȩ׹Ϊ־ġ
ı֮
̸ɫġ֮͵ڣûһԱȵϡı췴ĸ֡
ĸǣϹϵŴΧѪɱ¾ıصǡУءϴɱҲϷŹ
һıǧƣƵķֱʹҲһһ
νǽжЩ飬ǲ˵ģο⻹ڳ¥ĵ¡ȥãӣԼھͰٿĪˡ


1573 ֮ң
ʧˣûд£ûд£ⶼҲµġ
ҲӦɫ԰ף¶һ˿ľ塣
ʷɡ͵廹Ҫķɡ
˵ֻ췴һԼţ˵ˡЩǲ˵ġ
ܸоղԾǳԾ
촽߶£¶Ĳ
壬һҪңĲһһҪң
һ仰̧ͷ壬ϣеϣÿһΣ޴Σʱ򣬶弰ʱĳ֣
ϣƺûʲô˵⡣Գ£һʱ뵽ľ塣
壬𾴺Σ
ﾲĵģţû˵¶˼ɫ
Ļɣ飬Ҫú롣У̫಻ĵطˡ
ûеģռ䣬ʱ䣬ӦԵƽڣûʲô鷢ʥʽڣҲˣ£û⣬һεĹˡȫûбҪЩ飬԰ѱԣȫϵ
˫üа˼⡣
뿪˾ʦһ£̫̫ˣԭΪҪԸĽֻȨ죬ۣš
û뵽ֶһӡ
ңȻ˵µģһǴӣǵĿǰΪֹûκһ֤ݣܹ֤Ǵɵġ
飬ͱ͢ȥûá
ң˵ʥʣҪͼı췴Լôŷ˵ˡ
ȫûκôɣ
ԣ
ڤڤУһӹԺʯ䣬ƺʲô嶸ıɫһɲǣͻȻһ飬һ㱻ȴı˴ΰͼĴ£
ǲ췴ǡǡ෴κ˶Ұġֻƽصĳȣ˵ǳǸһ
˾ãҰģҲôɣ
ķӦԼֱӦ˵һС
ʵʷʵķ
֮ң
ʥĩڣѾ䣬ѵĹ˵һµĴ£췴ʥʳʥ侳ʧܣǻԣԽԽĻᣬ䣬ͼȡʥʶ֮
ǳңʹѪƯ֣󣬳ϵĴ󳼼˳Ϊ֮һա
Ǵĩڷһ¡Ȼⳡ˵Զ֮սԼ˹֮սɵӰ죬ȴսй֮޲
ƵĹⳡмġ
ܵǣҴ岻
ĩսѾô۹ޱȣ֮Ҹǽͷ˳׵Ϳա
ⳡңʹóִ֣ʹÿĲɽܹ룬Ի͵ĵ۹һ
Ϊ±Ԫ˧֮󣬽ֵҲһĿ̯ӣ߾ȫҲ޷ıƬձɽĴ½ˡ
ļУǼڷģʱ
һʼ˵ʱҲûⷽ롣
ѵ˵ΪҸıʷ֮ҲҪǰ𣿡
ɫޱȡ
ʱ򣬾ʦеĴйʮ֮һңǣ㣬еҴ嶼ǣС
ʹøֶΣգЩҴһһУǼ֮ʦ֮УʮҴ壬ʮһ
֪֮
ʮҴĲֻԼͬʱҲӴҵĹ
ǰʱҲͰˣǸʱԼʳԼܲãﻹȥЩ
ڣʦдҴһ֮ս˹֮սУЩҴΪ²СĹͣ岻˿˼ǡ
ҲӦ³
Ҫǣ֮ԼƤٴη۹ò׼۵һ˿Ԫĸɾ
ֻǼ飬ǾͷͬСˣ¿»Ҫӳ飡
а
ʷıˣʱıˣƵĹҲıˣеһж仯ˡ֮Ƿ񻹻ʷϵչһжδ֪
ľԴûκεİ
֮Ҳ֮ͬս˹֮սںսϢ֮ң漰ңУصΪ˵Ҳ
ʵϣ˵ˣϸڸû֪º󣬼λҲڸּɻ䣬İȫ档
ټϺܶ߶¾ɾԺ֮ĸ֣ǳӰ켫ңֻֻȣҲΪʲôһʼûⷽԭ
ԥĻֻ֮ҺͱսͬûôǹҲûôսỤ̃ܶնڿĵط
ǻ۵ĽǸĽֶεĽԶεĵҪա
ûȷ֤ݣ֪ϸʱڵ㣬óóȻ⣬Ա
ʱĿ¾Ͳֻһ壬ңԼصˡ
Ҳò¡
ү뵽ʲô
һֱ壬ʱͻȻڵ
ûʲô齻ңһ취ģ
ܿعڵ
⣬ֲʱΣգһɼߣǾͨҽͬʱ书ǿԻٽУӦÿʱסİȫ
еĸֲҵĻ֮ǰɽټĸ֮֡У˼ɾ͵õɹ⣬Ҫģǵõڶߵ׷ͬ
ȻʱɽӦĲûжˣмԸ档
ţ
صĵ˵ͷ񰲶ֻ࣬Ҫ忪ڣҽ£ܻʲôΣ̫ˡ
йɭϣʱ˶ңʱȣҿµøϽȥˡ
ʱڵ
뿪¥ʱƵȨģΰԻ͵Ĵƻʹ֮УһڻԻ͵ĴΡȻ洫֮
ڴſڣڵ׽ϼޱȣ
¥
ʹ֮е¥󲿷Ե̫͵̫ϸΨطԡ¥
ǴƵ۹ʹںͱ͵ĵط
꣬ΨʥһֱñչսƵı߽չʷǰĵزʹĺƳ֮¥
ʱ˿̣¥֮ڶ
ɱ
ӣ
ڣ󣬴վϷеľףһ̣ڣһǻһëŨܣӥĿĺ׷վ⣬ŴϷĴٱ¾
һĻǸʹڣжͻʡͻʡʳ֧ӣ˹غگĻҲˡ
һ˵Ѿǹˡ
Χ˷ƵĹŮԼݵŮûһ󳼣ҴŽգһ¼Ļ¹ٶûС
ΪƵĻӣǲ˵¥ģⲢǻӸĵطݣҲӦд飬ѾΥˡ
Ѿǹ磬˽ˡ
һ𾴴δһ
ºˬ壬δǼһԺƽ෱٣



1574 Ӧ
һЩɬĴеһ죬ȻЩˡ
ˣڻֻǴûиʵ׿ϣ㲻δĴ
ӿ۴䣬һۣһֻ֣һֻžףɨ·ĻӺ͸ʹڵ
Ӽλ˳
˭ҪǸҷԴӣµһ
ǴʳԸһִ֧ӣ
ֻҪλͻʺʹս

ȺУ˼ͨ죬׷ӱļһ࣬һУͷ­΢¶ЦݡͷϵĶЩӻԼǴʹߣȻô˵ţǵô룬һ¡
ĻǼ⣬˵һѾ㹻ˡ
գ
˵ʱһֻɫӥȸ¥ġһȫװĸߴ̬ϵĻ̌ͷһۣɫ΢΢һ䣬ܿ󲽳ŴķŲ
£ˣ
ֻȼ䣬̧ͷƳһۣ˲ɫҲֻһ˲ӾͻִָݵΪǴ
λˣһЩ£뿪һ
Ӱ˰֣һ˫ް߰ף׷˿Ľ̫ɫ߻⣬һݲȵǰȥ

ô£
˻¥ӵɫһ䣬ܿ
գ֮ǰҲȫͬ
ʧһµͻȻٴγˣʱص˾ʦǡǡԸ⿴ġ
Ҳ֪Ѿص˾ʦһȷɡ֮żɭϣ˵Ӷˡǵ˸鲻̫Ϣ
ͷɫ乧
һȺ
ӶǰĽɫޱȡȴʲôҲ˵ͷ­øˡ
ʲôˣһѾö˵ˣ
ںûڣʦȫӡǾĺֻ뿪һ£Ӻ۾ȫƿ˳ãӽսɼȫżľͿԿó
ʱ֣ǸһӣӦһ֪
ӱضǳͷۡ
ϣԼʧְˡ
ӴʱûȻϼƽȴ¶һ˿꣬һλǻۣԣһ֮ѡܵĻ£Լõġ
ֻϧһλƺ˼ԼԣԼҲͰˣȻȥ࣬Լԣ
Ǿûʲô˵ˣ
鵽𣿡
һָסüģ࣬ͻȻڵ
ûУһûʵǵ˿ºѶס
ɵ
û˵Ƭ̣һͻȻЦ
ģʦôġңʱҪĵҲǡǱʲô
û⣬ҲӦ֪ˡ

֮۾ҵĴһƽ²£һ²£һսһ͡岻ڣŻóԵҲòϣǱȷʵȥġ
ǣǱ߸ʱš⣬ǱߡǲϺ𣿡
ͻȻʵ
Ѿȥ̽ˣÿ۶ɾܾѾõҪˣ̫ϡһλҲ˵ˣǵպǻۺűضȫ֧֡
ⷬһ漴Ц
ҵǻõ𣿡
Ӻ˿ŭ⡣
ضޱȣȻ뿪ʦһ£۶£Ӻȫѳ֣ǿȫǺõ顣
٣Ӻ֮俴ûô
ߣȻˣҴŸ²£ѾҵҪôӦԣ


ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һֻŸӹгѸ²¸ķȥ
ͬʱʦ²¸Уһ£ɫڴϥ
Χһյյͭ͵ƣʻηֲȼաǰһѵСɽ㣬ѾɫǹŴĵ伮Ҳ࣬ǾȺƷĵ伮Լõ顣
Σͦһֻϸʣдϵһ顣
ı̬ݣһּĸо
գ
ҲƬ̵һ󼱴ҴҵĽŲͻȻУ
üͷ壬̧ͷֻһŵɫҴңѸٳԼüĿ֮͸һ˿ǵĸо
ôˣ
ʵֻǿһۣܿͷĳϵ顣
ӣˣƽ²ͻȻصУϢȷɣ
ˣ
仰еϸͻȻͣڿС
֪ˡ
Ǻܿ죬д
£ŵһ۵ƽû뵽ġ
ӣһλǳ͢ҵĴǳڲóһ¾ưոݡ
ҲʱһͻȻڴ𣬾Ͽڵ
һλƢֻ½ֻ͹ӲݣƻӺŵļƻ
ϵԱߣҲ࣬Ů
ֻǲϻǰŮֺɫ࣬¶ļɵ
Ϊˣгǧ֮ãһ̫ƵЩ佫ȴǸ⡣
һǿȨŪýͷöӶˣӵӰŽѹȥһ˶ԿһţŵʷϣҲֻһΣ֣׹˲֪
ŵӽӵϢŻôɫҴңǡ
գ
Ⱥ󿪿ڣдһ̧֣ͷͬʱеϸһرʼܡ
ϣʦãˮڣڴѶ»صʦҲƲʲô˻ˡ
Ŀ򶨣ݲȵ
Ǽ飬ѾȥǿȨѾ飬ȫѾ޴
Ǵʷܳ佫֮һֻҲվֻһˡؼһ£һѾ䶨Ҳһ޼ƿʩ
Ŷ΢΢˵ͷΪȫʱһ̣۵ȴ˶٣
ЩһֱڴĵҳҲڴܰؼϴεмȡѵҲͰˣ춯ҲòŶҿˡ
࣬ȥܼҵһһرκζ
˵ŵӣն
۵˶΢ȻֵƽȻϴε黹ڻԶôȻ


1575 ж
ӻǸоһλвС󣬹һ˳˳ˮΪ֮һΣˡ
褺Ӻһλͺݣ˶̫ǿˣҲ̫ˣһݲˡ
ΣһҪ취ӣɵǸ塣
а
˼ʱͻȻһϤӰҴ˽
ӣǱϢˣѾµĵĴˡ
һͿֱӵ
ˣ
һ˲䣬ʱϡŮԼڣ˶ɫ΢䣬Χ͸ոȫͬ
ʦ֣飬ĲӦǴӣδĴԺ¡
Һ󷽣ŮֹɫƺкܴĹ˼ɡ
ݷǷһû֧֣ŵıִУʱܾ֮١
˶ɫĬŮӵĻ᲻֪Ǽ顭
ʦã
˵һվ
ŵĹأ֮µĹأҲŴּΨвȨпܳѻȨŲܳѸٺ͵ʱľϵҵõϿɺͰǰᡣ
ȷʵǣδĴ㲻١ɹҲͰˣʧˣſ¾ҪӴ˶ˣӵҪζܴӦ
۳
Źزɷϣһ㣬Ժ󶼲ᣡ
ʱҲˡ
Ů֪˵ˣæͷ
ʦ֣ϣҴˣԺ¾ᡣ
Ůϸţ΢š
ӣǱôظ
ͻȻڵ˵עٴ˻
ҲһţǾ仰ӵǻŽȫ֧֡
۰׶һ

ؾϢȻûдģĳַʽڹעҵУѸٴ
ɪ֣嵱ֻмֵľ룬һϹźӣȺмٴ󣬳ȥ
Χһ˸̸ۣϢ֮κʱҪöࡣ
ĺɪȻвٺ˾סֻռȺɲڣȥĿ֮ȫǺˡ
ˣ
ִ߽һԴǰͣš
Ĵϣһۣһֻ۾лһ£ܿһ˽˽ȥ
ˣոյϢѾؾ⣬ǻ֪䡣
һ̤䣬
ģûһâ˶ҪΪ˵ԻǺܿ죬һĹâ𣬾ھ˲ԶĵطһӴ£ճһߴӰ
ߴӰָſһöСҹɢһ͵Ĺ⻪еҹ鷢ġ
Ǳʲô𣿡
ܿ죬оһɳƣźǻޣƮһּĸо
ûУˣǺһе⣬һֱǴᶨĺսɣһ򳫵Ǻ˻ñһλ»Ƿǳ
˵̽͸¶һη塣
Ϻ˹սеĺѴ֮ڣڵֱкجΰĴڡĳЩ˹У󽫾塱ֹܹСҹá
ǺǣҲá
ʱ򣬴ӺͻȻһĹЦ
ˣǲܻˮ㣬Ʋ׵ĽҴơؾҲòǲģǸĵĻдѴѡȥ°ɣ
⣬ǵļƻеôˣ
Ӻ˿ڵ
شˣѾʼжˣΪֹʦ֮Ѿǵ⣬Ѿ¾ʦǧҵ̣ⲨڻѾѼ鱨鱨Ѿظˡ
̽ӵͷ¶ȵ𾴡
ߣã֮УȻѾؾƵҪһˣ뻹ڴ
ҹɰЦֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ԽԽͣâһҹĹ⻪ҲȥˡٴλָһƬڰ˵ϢҲ˲ʧˡ

ʱ仺ȥؾϢھʦ֮ɢʦʱòܣĿⶼڹעⳡ֮ڴĶղ֪΢
ȸϣˮܵ۹α仯Ѱİպ̼˵ֻҪ첻ǵͲ̫ĸı䣬Ǹ㰲
ʱ˿̣ʦժ¥ӭһλĿˡ
һ£ͷϴһңɫĲᣴ£˿ݣֻǹϵһĳ߳ƱʾԷݲǸ΢ͷżһ·˳¥ϣ¥һżС
ˣ
̤żͬʱһŴţ̤ķ
ˣүõˣ
ָһͷϵĶӦɳƫУһϡ
µײɣ㣬ϣ͸¶һɳѪζһѰ佫ûеţǽͳԷ糾
ֻԼһѣҪ𣿡
Ӻת塣
˹֮սսѾкü£Է糾ΪǽҲ˳ٻعУδ֮ɱꡣ
ûа취ڹзণ漰̸֮ɫΨǣС
Է糾Цһһã
ԣӵҲţ𣿡
ʵ
һԼԷ糾Ϊ¶ȻѾһЩɽеĸȥ࣬Ͼ²ߣα겻αҳЩ̿͵ֻƣڱٶĸֱҲͽ档
š
˵£Է糾˵ͷɫҲ
飬֪˲࣬ҴƺҪѹڹܵɱϾСһʹڣн߶ֵܣ鲢ûеôء
ǽͳ죬бʹȫΣЩд̵Ĵ̿Ҳûһ˿𣿡
忪ڵ
ûô򵥣֪Һ֮Ĺϵ֮ǰҾͱԭķǵ޹һλͳ츺𡣻ʹ֮н䱸ɭϣҸԸμңЩطҲô
⣬Ȼأ˶֪Ǻͻ֮йأеĸ߲㽫죬ڶһ̸ɫ䣬û˸Ҳ£
Է糾
֮أֹҴ̸ɫ䣬һɵأЩͳҲͬˡϾЩͳҲֻһ˰


1576 
û˵ֻ΢΢üͷĻҪӡ
Լô˵
ָߵһӣͻȻڵ
ˣ
仰Է糾һ𣬾ͺһ
Ȼʲô㣬ѾҴкˣԶһ㣬Ҫִ¡ڴƵĻ֮Զκ˶ҪɵĶ࣡
һǳϵļ壬Ϊϣ֤ĵͬ죬Ҳ׻֮Ĳпᡣ
Щ˵ǻԻڴһԾĺûᡣǶĴ˵еĻ֮Ϊֱ֮ĺˮޡ
Ǽ壬ң̿ڹд޼ɵĴɱӣΪһֳ衣㲻õҵ⡣
ƺ֪ڹʲôԷ糾ŵ
˹ͺɺĲпսԷ糾˱仯࣬Ҳøӵĳȡ
⣬ЩɱӵĻڹлʶһЩˡǶүһǳǵİҪ࣬Ӧû᷽ܶࡣ
Է糾
š
˵ͷһ˿ɫԷ糾ǸԷ糾ǰǽһֱҲʼԸύԷ糾ȸԭ֮һ
飬߻мˣ죬취ǰһؽݣǴȥǵжкܴİ
Է糾һ˿죬ܿ͵˵ͷ
нӹһƣƬ̣Է糾ܿ뿪ˡ
лףʲô
У΢ͷ­˼Է糾뿪ǰṩһҪϢʹеĽѾܾûжˣڣȴ䶯Ƶ֧жסһЩͷҲȫԷ糾Ҳûмס
ҾԷ糾˵λö㱻ȡֻ֮Ϊɺ֮սԷ糾´󹦣ʥʵļνû˶ˡ
ΣҲйϵ
ϣǼ°
ԺͷҲܿ뿪ˡ
䣬ھ¥δʻȥУд˷ʹйøټԷ糾ǣǱӦʱ԰ȫˡ
ӥżĳȥ죬м˵ʦǵƢЩŹ֣סˡǰٺãıʡ
ܿعͷ
ǣӡ
ӥܿᣬнӹŷ⣬˳ȥ
֮Уʶ˲ߡһԷ򸾣ƣȻ书̫ǿȴ׷ٵĸֻ֡Ҫ׷ٵģͺвֵܵġһΣҪ붯
ֱԣֻҪ󣬼ǧɽˮɽ𺣣ҲһϹ
ǲɱӵˣôôСģҲһ˿켣ֻҪ˿켣ƾһԲ鵽
еļƻ
һʱһʱԴݣȴܵаߣҲǶһˡ
ЩͷԺзӶܿ쾲һֳָöɫӡ֮У徭࣬кܶණҪ
еĶУΨдɾ͸ԼöɫӣеΪɻ
⵽ʲô
忴еӣǽɫĹâӳϣò
ʦ·Ҳв̵ʱ䣬һ·Ҳĥã汻ӡİҲûʲôڣôˣҲûףΪʲôɾ˵Žɫӻء
ɾһǧ꣬Ϊ˽һɣ֡족һˣͬʱĻ塣еһУΪ˽ҪĶ˵еС
ȴȫβ͸еİ
֮ʯʱʾڷеĳɷ֣ԼӵܣһֱڣѾʮˣûκεĶƺڷ֮Сδй
ڣƺ˵ȴʲôҲ
ңҲ֪֮ʯĵ׻ʲôֻߣǷʧˣ
䣡
ڳ˼ʱͻȻһĴЦǻ⴫˲ע⡣һָӣֻ벻ԶĵطһȺ˾ۼһ𣬶һ·Ẻ˷ЦǼɫ
ЩϵŸֻͬƳһֱۣ˹أͻʣگķ
ԶԶģ忴ĺ첱Ӵ֣ƺҪǰۣһԣѺܿסˣ
ˣǸʦûãҪǼƽϡ
˶࣬涯֣δشùǡ
ûУʹѣѣ𣡱ˣǴǹģɲԼҪģ
·ԣһ˲ŰָẺˣЦ
䣡
һɲǣһȺȵĺ˸źôЦ̬޼ɵ
꣬ȺẺû˵ȭͷ죬Ȼг˷ŭ
³³
ʱһȺĺУ֪˭һһ̣Щԭڵϵĺ͵վЦųẺ˳ŰΧ
²³
һĿ¶׹⣬ɫƣȻҪǶˡ
һĻ˻ûзӦȴıɫ
ӥ
ֻ˵֣һ̣Хӥͬһֻһ㣬˫ſ͵׹Ⱥ֮Сˣֻӥָһצһ̣ʮ·סһţһɹεض֮С
Щ˶ʱһĿ¶֣з۵ĽǶԸʦе˻ԣӥĸǰԵ൱
Щ꣬ӥ˾ʦϢҲΪˣˣӥԾ书һԽǿᡣ

ӥվȺ룬кһһ̣䣬ʮ߷һ㣬ݺݵɳȥ˷
쵰ߣߣ
һȺ˿״ӥһ־£ûȵӥٴγ֣ɢܡ
ӥҲû׷ϣֺзִ磬ЩȻ֣ϾûзʲôɱͷӥҲ˾ɱǡ
лȣ
ʱҲӦǰһл
ӥ˴
ʱӥ
λӣҼ롣
ӥܿع˵
˻࿴һۣȻЩ⣬ӥһС
ݽЩ΢ĸı䣬һʱ֮Ҳûбϳ
Щô£ΪʲôҪ㣿
ûйĺѣֱ
˻࿴ۣߵ΢΢Ǻ죬ƺЩ˼ɣվ˵˳


1577 ӣһ
Ȿʲôʵ£ӶѾˣҲûʲôġ
˽˫ȭƬ̣ܿ콫ȥ˵˳
Լ֮ǰδ޾˵أȥЩ֬ˮۣЩˣԵϷֶţƵü߷ɱ
Ẻ˵ĵһ仰彣üһΪ⡣
ʱأԲ֪飬ǣҲֻۣû뵽Щ˾ȻֱӳǸɵģһûаڹ֮⣬ҪǶ֣
˽ҧŭȫȻδ裬ԼȴΪ£˵Ǹ޴裬Ҫȣջ֪չʲôӡ
ڣüͷȻ˺ЩͻҲû뵽ԭί
ô£鲻ɳǷ˾ԼϽ𣿳£Ҳ𣿡

ʦоʦĹأΪƵĵ۶ʦиطгǷ˾ͳ˹Ͻ־£ھʦǾܷģҲ忴ȺһڽֱߣЩԭ
ûõģǷ˾ͳѹ¡֮ǰȥǷ˾˵еĺ˹²¸ϽǸûͳȨ
һߵ
ˣ
²¸֣ɫ΢ҲʱΪ֮һ
ڴҵ˵ƺ͸ϳƽǧδеĴþ棬ƺ֮пγĺƽӴԺս´ͬ
͢Ҳһ˵˳էķϰ߻̫˽⣬ϣҶݣ̻ǣĽǡҲΪ˴ԺԶսͱ֮ۡǰһֱȰˣҲԭ򡣡
ʱԱߵͻȻ˵ˣЩΡ
Ҷ˵´ͬã˵ҪԶս˭뵽ڵǱǿȨ룬ûе
Ե̾Ϣ
ֻһ˵ижڵȴôɲǵ΢仯
ӥ̧ͷʶǰĹӡ
ŻѪд飬һǿȨһսۡۺֽڿӰ컹Զδ
ܿ죬˱㹰뿪
ӥʦڵʲôո˵лж٣
뿪̧ͷԵӥ
ӥӾУֶĿϢ컯֮¾Ȼᷢ飬岻֪
⡭
ӥɫһҲû뵽
²ºָѳֳ󣬴Ʊſ˹ţĺͨ߹صִ˾ʦھʦеĺ˱κʱҪĶࡣھκһϣԼĺˡ
ΪǰṩǺܶŻݣǿھʦ̣زֻһֳ࣬ͻ޷⣬ټΪ˹ȫ֣Զ飬󶼲ȡϢߡ
ӥ
Щ鱨˶ռֻЩ鶼һЩġǷ˾ΰ¼Բûصػ㱨
˵ӥͷһֱΪ鲻̫ҪעӦǷڳúţڿȻˡ
ȻȻǶԴ⣬仰˵ϣʧְˣ
֪ˡȥ֮󣬽Щȫ㱨ҡ⣬Ժ¼ȫ㱨У

ǣ
ӥͷĸˡ
ǰһ·ϣ忴ȺԽԽĺˣǣ󲿷ֺ˶ԶܿŭԡǰھʦһЩĵطһЩǰŽ׺ֵĵҲ׷׸ͷ棬˺
ȥЩλõ̼ռݣһЩƫƧĽУȫ̡ڽУЩ̵ףǷ
һ·˴дţһҵг˳
Щ˴ӵ˶Ǯң˵ʲôƺѺã´֮ͬĻ
ǰȺУһŹһˣȴûκǷӲԶҲֻǸŭԣü͸¶ڶΡ
һĻĻüͷ壬ɫҲ
ֻ뿪һµʱ䣬ʦоͷô飬ôı仯
һμԷ糾Ҳֻѡһֵ컯գǬЩиţ˵޼ɵھʦжôձͿ֪
Ƶĵ۶Ϊĵĵطرأˣطϵ¸Ӳֹۡ
ԭΪֻǺԼͬû뵽ȻͿˡ
ǧ֮Ѩôƺ̸ܱ´ͬĸǴʱ£˶Ըոս뾩ʦĺ̫̣Υ͵ӶƻԼĴơⲻ֪ȻֻһСˣɴݻٵȴġ
ܹ֮ũݻñȴսʤɾڵǿ󣬿þ۹ٹµŽᡣ
Ϊ۹ĵ۶ݵںܹ޼ɵñʦգάĳǷ˾ͳȴ޶ԣڴƵİ˵ֱĺ
߽ˣûһĵŽᣬ۹ڵĸҲ֮ˡ
Բģ
ڣѹ֣尲һӥȴ֪ԽˣоԽǷŭͲƽ
ӥתͷȥ鸮
֪˶ãͻȻڵһɲǣӥһ˫ǳУһĺ⡣
һν鸮һҹһֱʱ֣ŷҡ
֮һըԵϢ䶯ʦ
ɱǣͷ³һ˾˾ģʧѾһµ塣
գǶϣһս˽ϡ
һ;ʦκһ֧Ȼͬǵʺ죬ǰؿڣֱдż֡
죡
ʲôֵľӣôû
ʲôģ죿ʦ֮ʲôʱ־ӣ
֧һ֣еĿ⣬ܶտֻŭľӣһۺ棬оޱȡ
Ȼ֧ȴ޶ãǱĶУʾļɺͼߵ
֧ǰһֻжʮĽ졣
Ŀ磬ɱڣͬӥȸһ㣬ֱߣȺѲ
ݣ
ΧջһãȻʱͻȻ֮һ쳹գһ̣ĽĿһѸٵǰ˹ȥ
ͳͳץ
Ⱥң˵ĿУŭɷһȺ赲ڽϣŹմáҴ̵̵ĺˡ
飬ûЩ˷ӦʮŭϷ£Ѹٳ⼸ĺС


1578 ӣ
ֻ꣬һǽڵĴ죬ЩȥùؽڣЩ˵Ĺǽ죬Ѹץ
Ǹʲô
ǿǵƾʦ͵ģǴƾʦǹģ
ǾԴ˵𣡡
ſңſңץˣ

ԭڽͷȵô죬Щһʱ
ߣʵ㣡
Ԥϣ죬һѽץͷˣڿУĺˣϬĿһ˿ɫ
㣬ûץץľǣ
ˣͳͳߣ
һ䣬һȺѸٰЩɾ
ſңſңûȨץң²¶˵ˣǷ˾ȨϽǣƻ֮ĺƽ
Ⱥ˶ģȺڻˣ˼֣Ҳʹ
ھʦôãǼͳԣоƾͺȣÿʲôǮ£ôҲû뵽Ⱥ˵Ȼġ
ҪǣһҪǣ
һȺ˳Űе
ȥɣ˳˵һ䣬ǼȲǳǷ˾Ҳǳȫھ˾
Ϊ׵Ľһ˵䣬ѸٽһһĶѸﳤȥֻһʧ١
䣡
ʧ󲻾ãϣڷӦһ춯صĻ
ã
ڰȺ쵰ץˣͿǲˣ
ʲô´ͬЩһȺ档

ΧȺ׷״Ȳʣʱ䣬Щ˾ۼһռǷƫƫܣ˶Ǹŭԣڣǳ˿ڶ
ǵʲôˣ
ȺУһʦھʦ˼ʮ꣬Ҳû˵˾֡
ȫץ
ͬ鲢ֻǷڳǶϡǱһһӵŭźɫףϵس˸˾ۼĵطзµĺ˲ǴҽᣬϷŮӣǾڶŹȫץ
ʲô
Ƭ֮ϢʹǼصķ
ϢӺǵӰ͵վ
ǵˣһ˾ץˣ
ȻһӣеȴԱ
ǣ
һΣץǧˣսϵ˶ץˣǱΪڣҲץʮʮˣû뵽̶ʱ䣬ץǧ˻ûаݡڴСΣ˶ŲķչȺ˾ǼӴѲߣʦܱ߶֡
Ϣĺͬ
仯̫죬ǰһǻ̸ʧһµһ̣͸˾ʦкôһϲ
˹ˣͻˣ߾ˣдֱץ̽Ҳץ˲٣ȥǲ
˿ڵ
˵˲ͷ亹乣Ǹˣ˳˳ãʧôãٴγ֣Ȼһâڱĸо
Ͳȥȥɱ
һƬţѹޱȣӺȻû˵Ǿŵĺ̽Ҳܸоĳгޱȡ
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬˵ٴڷ
ҪţһжǵĿУɱôˣҲһۣڿھʦսĵطԴ壬ټʹߣ鳯͢ʳ͢ۺʹӣô˵ǶԸȻܹԸһҵҪôͣ
˺ݺݵ
֣µĺ̽ӣ΢¶һ˿𾴵ɫ˿еĴ࣬ȻҲ˹ص۹ĵˡ
һΣ˹ؽãеһмڵ˳֮Уλǵɳĵ
ʦִ٣ξʦжͷ޲̸ɫ䣬ֻһô뵽ôӺۣһͲ˿Աġ

ȷµĺ̽˲٣ܿȥ
ӵĳ𺳵ĻԶֹһɪǧĺ˴Χץʦرǵ黹ϵһʱ򣬸ʦ˾޴ĺ䶯
۴ƣҺţȻһĽܳӲȴûһܹ塣
֮ǰı֮УʧܶգǶںܶ˵ܹӳ֣£һ㣬Ҳֻõ
ʧһ£ͻȻһӣȻû֪Ǹʲôÿ˶֪ʦҪˣ
Ϊһλڻˣ
ʦ˷׶
飡
ھĴץ˵ʱ²¸ĴһײһϢ𼱻ǣѸٵ͵۵С
壬Ǳң
֮УյϢֻǿһָۣһգǷżɷĩһ˫ῡݵϣ¶ŭ⡣
ۺʧ̬ʱ򣬵һΣļеŭ
壬Ѿ㹻ˣ
ںִУһֱǶ¶ˣմӺɺؾʦʱüͼ˵塣ںĳͻУҲһֱž֮֮û˴ִ֮
뿪ʦһ£лҵ֣ȴһֱûô
Ϊȴٴν˽䡣
ƺ֮ĺƽЭѾ϶þĲþ󳷵ĺ󳷣óˡĴѶ۱ΪٲʣҲ޷ʲô
˭뵽ֻգȻŪһӡ
ʦڵĺԶǰҪö࣬ÿ˼˵һ˵ԣЩԭ˵ķΡǰǼûеģ˵УҲ١
ץˣԺﻹ˽뾩ʦ
ֹˣƺܱò״ﵽֵزѾþһ¾ץǧˣһΪƲֵΡ
ֻһССľӣͺпǧ̣˵ĸϧһУΪУ
ӣô죿
һͻȻڴϣŮһʵĸ֣ȫ˴ۡѹ֣ÿжŭ
еķŭ˿ۡ
һ´ͬ£˵룬̤ŵǿǾͰ׸롣ΣԲۡ
׼Ҫȥӣ
Ŀһܿ¶ģӴڻȥ

Ǻôĵӣ
Ȼʱ˿̣иȴۻҪŭ
ڶһŭ쳹ʣ飬âһһֻ͵£ֻһƣ㽫ɫķĳɷ顣
ûбǾȻԳӣڳ֮͢⣬췴𣿡
ỹûٿӵҲûеݵȥΪԭڳٿ֮ǰѾ֪Ϣ
Ĵץ͢ȴûйӵľ飬ͻȻðľӣôŭɶ


1579 ŭĴʣ
˵ĴƣҵĴƣҵĴƾĴơ
Ϊӣ˳̫ӣҲ˳һʥʡеȨӦóԳ͢һ˵۸޷顣
͢Ǵɣ
£ȻʵЩӵʿǱ仰˵³һʱỹ󲻵
ʱһѼɤӰޱȣڶ𡣴ԣͷףָ繳Ľ̵̫
³𣿡
仰ɫ䣬Ŀк
ϴα֮һû鷳Ϊ̫ıӻû취𣿡
Ⱥۣ̾⣬ñƣȥ˱鸮Ҫ³ӵô£мԴûбͳ͢Գӣ
һɲǣɱ糱
ūּ

ʦ֮УӿŸϿȥΧžʦ³ľӣ̽ӡھгĴ̽Ϣ
еϢȫ۵˱鸮
ľӳԱǳģҲݷù³һʡ
壬ǰҼڻ¯Ͽˡ
鸮ڣ³ԱߵĿˣЦ
ϷһϽյϵȵĽ裬ڣԱֻµСɱУϡ
λ̩Ȼɫݣһһ³һ̵Ĳ裬Ѿаӣȴʼûж
͵Ƿһɣ
һԣ嵭ȻһЦ˵
񣬸Ľ溲ĸ·˵ˡ佫ȨѾ˼㣬û⣬һ͸öЩ۹󽫶ˡǱ飬ͱҳƶûʲôˣ鵽ʱҲԱסˡ
嵭
ô˵ʲô鲻ģ֮սҪһѣڻһŲƣеȨܸӵ㣬ʱһ޷ˡ
³Ȼһ̾
ӵֺ֮ǰѾǹѡ˰塣һȻǷһ飬һҲΪ顭ܿҪܿˡ
û⣬͢Ǳ߿ºܿҪˡǰʮʱϻ˲ٺͣΪδĴҲڼλ֮ǰô㣬ô𣿡
³
ӣ³ĿЩ㱣һǣͻȻԼ
ʱҲĿ㣬¸ҹʲôĴۣʲôĶ֣޷˿ȴ
ƾּͲΣһߵڣΪƵĵ۹֮սϡ
Ҳȿϣ뾩ʦڸŹָΪƵࡣǲ֪Ӷʮ갾ڣͷ˲٣ԸԳԵӽ£°
Ȼھ򣬾һУѧСѧԲ£ҲʧȥԭǷ¸Һͼ㡣
֪ȻѾˡ
³в̾һ
ڣԼ֪֮꣬Ѿﶼʮн죬鸮ڣ˵ϣҪԿźʹӣ֮⣬Ҳûܹõˡ
ˮڣ˷ģ飬˼
岢ûϸ˵ֻǴԵһ
³ԣ΢΢˵ͷ壬ģϵᣬһ漣ˣҲ˶Ϊ֮ķЩͲع֪ˡ

˵ʱһ³ߵͻȻɫ̼ŲҴҵĴ˽
ˣһĹŴӵƣ˵빬ᡣ
仰³Ƥһϡ
³ˣ̶ɣ
ʱһϸɤ洫էһźԶֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Ȱ㣬Ϣżһſ˽
³˶Ƕǿߣر壬֮У˵ʵǿҲԸӵĵزǿǰͷףָ繳Ľ̫࣬Ϊûܿôġ
˾վŲݣȴȫоϢͺվһӰ㡣
һǣһͷԺһ̫һۣȴʲôû˵ԹԶϵĲ豭һڡ
ԭǹݵʧԶӭ
һԵ³ܿվһڹдҲЩʱˣλ̫ѾйԵ
ԭ³˺һ𣬵ͻˡ
Ԥϣͷ׵Ľ̫û³ĿһתһԴݺ塣
Ҳ֪𣿡
΢΢һЦ̧ͷ̫ࡣ
ӺڣķǱ׷ڹУôûš
ͷ׵Ľ̫ජ壬
𣿡
ֻһЦȴûôӻһԣ³ˣҲɫ仯㷴ӦٳٶۣҲܸоǰλƺЩԾ
ǰλǴ׽ε̫ܹܣߵһûҪ飬Ӳ׳
Ϊߵġˡǰλ䡢߰³ҲüΣû˵仰ǴƵĹõسǰλҲϧ𣬴Ӳ˵³ȻΣ˵ĻҲ޼
ڣλŸһûˣһԹԺŲ裬Ը˵壬ɲʲô
²ǻǸϽɣ
ۼЩ΢³Ͻ˸תƻ
仰վǷãƳһۣܿתͷһԵ³
³ˣɡ
³ܿ뿪ˡ
뿪ķԺд˷
ߵ̫ϱҲŹҲֻһ֡
ԺգܵӵĻӣǼ䱸֣Աǵȫֻһ޸֮ңҲǸ
Ȼıϣһλ±ʷκһλ̫඼ҪöࡣҲ౻ɱλŵԭ
λһʵ˸߳ȴǾ޽УѾķ롣
һ̫ΪﵽֵزѰƫƫǴӵ̫ࡣ
һǣԺд˷˲Ϣͷ
ˣҲóˡ
嵭ܿع뿪˱鸮


1580 ƣ
˾ĳûеõ͢⣬ӵŭ֮СҾԼ⣬ֻǴ³߸ʽҪ³ԼʾûԼԸ³ڳϿԶڳڵѡ
ʹûеصĵزҲԹۣ
ӥ׼ж
忪ڵһꤵУڳܿ뿪ˡ

ͬʱ뿪鸮ʱһ࣬ɪ֣ɫĴǰ̫Ѩ߸¡ĿѩƲһǸֵĺųһУڴĬĬȴš
˻û𣿡
һɫ׾ЩĺˣͻȻڵǶյگģȺУ˹ˣͻˣҲگ˺ʹʳˡ
³ľĴץʼõϢʱ򣬻ֻץǧˣѾǧһ
ץҲ廨ţʳ֧˹أگҵ˶Сеĺ˶ܵǣʽǼΪǱֹȥҲǾۼԭ
׼𣿡
۵ʱһͻȻӴڴƽƽ߲ͣȴһϣ鲻ԽΪ֮ŷ
ˣ
˹ǻһݣ׷׵ͷг˾η
ʱ䣬ѾкüΪսȨɱˡаһЩھʦʮ꣬ḻĳͷ졣ΪȲͬȨͬʼʱ򣬴ҲԵĵ۹ҪЩ˹˾һսյĽϡ
ڲû˳ӦǵҪ󣬰ǣЩͷȨظĹң˺ϢһһӸĳţþʦǱ̽Ӷ˲٣ȫǸ˵ĵ
֨ѽŴ򿪣ڼ˹ʿͬ£һ΢΢Щݵ˹˴˳˹˵ĸԭȴԶûôԣϸȥݣͦȻͻЩƣȻͬʱ߱˹˺ͻ˵Ѫͳ
ƳῪʼ𣿡
Īཱུɨǰһ۵˸ı
شˣǵһֱڹţѾֺüλس빬ˣ³Ҵҵ뵽˻ʹ֮УڿʼӦȷɡ
ã
Īཱུ¶һ˿ЦݣƺϵһУչأһձϢóģƵ۹Ĺأÿ¶һϢʱ䣬ûر鲻ټȻλӱԼĻҪŭ
ӵһŭĻˣλƵδԼ֣Ѿ˴ԼԸλˡ
Ȼˣھһѻɡȥ׼ж
˵Īཱུһ˿Ĺâ
ǣ
յû˿ԥɢȥ

ܾò볯ϳٹ³ľӣԶĻҪŭĶࡣ
³ôĵӣûʡûг͢㾹ȻԳӣ㣬Ҫ췴𣡡
ټ̫͵ӷŭ쳹ա
Ǵӻκλӣ»Ȩ飬̡
³ֻǱ飬࣬ǵºʥʣ˭ȨȻ˽ľӲܳ͢㵽ʲô
£б࣬Ҫ³죬ΪĿ޳ã
飡س³
Ҳ飡
ϣ˻ҩϢֻǴӷŭеȺѣһһ³ʮսˣ֮ǰҲѾ׼һȺڦλƵıسҲɫ԰ףͷ亹乡
ϣźˣ³һȫǹ
ԭ³ΪٻڳϺӦԼû뵽ǣγϣȻûпӰ
ûֻ֪ͨߴӸͲ
λˣ³޴⣬˾ҲֻΪ˶Ըеĺˣάʦΰ³ûв֮ģ
ֻȼ䣬³Ѿһ˿Ϣ
ֻˣԭ³ΪҪӦĽֻǾӵ£ǴѾһΣͼıͼ췴ˣѾԶԶǳһôˡ
ǶרȨͼı淸˼ûʲô³
³ȻǶϳĺͣҲס췴
޴⣿ӶѾʼڴĿŵץˣ£ڶȫȻ֪飬׵ʲôزǾ޴⡣ѵȵı췴ǲ𣿡
ĳַѡ
ˣ
仰³ıɫ±࣬иݸԼﶼĵͿȨλñͷǳ⣬ԷⷬǰػģҪء
£ϳԵµĽӿɼտɱϳʥս˹أگһȫˡ¼ϳ˵ϳΪҹǣϳš۹ͻ⼴ϳϣ߻ġ
ϳʲô֮ģֻҪ¸ʥʣʥʱ޶⣬ϳԸ̫͵ǰһǻѪ֤ף
³۾һ죬ͻȻҲ˵ˡ
ˣ
³Ļԭֺ壬³ѵȺͻȻΪ֮һҲһƬţϵĴҲһʱ˵
˵³죬Ϊԣ˵в֮ģšȻзŭҲûҪ³Ƶڴˡ
ߣ
ڴڵЩ͵ʱͻȻһߴ
³˽Գӣڷƣ˼ǴӵĴ𣿡
仰Ŀ³ıɫϣȻеŭٴȼ
³˼ڱ𣿡
ŭɶ

˵ʱʱ죬ʱһ⴫ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һŽ£𴫵ϢĴڻţͻȻӵҴ˽
£ʹţǿҿƵľĴץˣϣƽץĸ񾡿ų
ʹڻ˵ڸǩ˺ƽЭ飬Ĵץˣøɴƺ̸ĳ⣡
仰ɫ䣬˫Ŀ׷³Ҳ⡣
̸ǰδеĴþ棬³ľǳ鷳ԤеĻҪ
ڴеˣǺ޲ð³һ̵
ں͸̸ѧĿ飬˵ļˣѧϰڳ飬ǻθĺ̸
Ȼһδƽһ𣬾˼ôʹڵʱһһ󼱴ٵĽŲӵ⴫

£ͻȻִˣԸʾ˵ǿƵľĴץ˵¡˵һղųץˣһղ뿪ھۼڹſڵĺѾһ֮࣬ڲУʦĺ˶ڳľۼ
һͣſڴϥص
ָʾδã
ʲô
⻰ϣӶվ˲ȻɫڣһʯǧˣöʱһƬȻ


1581 к֣
˾ۼô£
ӣǾӣ
³ˣ˵㣬㴳ˣ

ϣ˵Ŀ³ϣһΣ³ʸ֮ġ
³ɵĺ£
Ӻݺݵص³һۣɫޱȡ
ƽٶ꣬ûз£Ȼᱻ˶סſڡ
ǰӿԺ⣬ֱӽ˾ǣһжѾı䣬С£Ūãǰں͸ǩĺƽЭ飬ͻǰ
ݱɴư˷Уܱߵͬʱս
ΪǴӾԲԸ⿴顣
£³ҲһɫĲ԰˼֡
ô
©ƫ꣬³ûϵ˾ӵ飬ȻҲˡƫƫʱǲҪ
ʱ˿̣Ƶ۶ʹſڣͷܶ
ȥӰѹѹһƬȫۼڻʹſڣѽʹſڵͨȫ谭
ҪǣЩ廨ţжͻˡǰˣ߾ˡ֧ˡʳˣگˣΨûкˡ
ŵˣ
ϳ³ɢӣ
һղˣǾһղ뿪
³ģ޹ءϳ
ɱ飬ƻƺƽˣҶ۾

ʹſڣһ˲Ȳõһ࣬󺰣һһڶ˶ڻʹſڣһ󺰵ʱһĻ𺳡
ЩΧһһڣȫ˹
ھʦ˼ʮ꣬ྩʦİһӶûм龰
ˣɹˣڻʹſѾۼˣ˱ץȥЩˣʦа˳ϵĺ˶ټˡģˡңѾôƸ޸ˣȫۼʦȹЩӣֻ¸ࡣ
˻󺰣ʾеĺУһ˿ǰĪཱུ룬ѹ
ߣܺã
ĪཱུͷҲûأĿ磬ϵĴָָ㣬ԽԽĴưգԼ߸ߵĳϣ￴ɨȥ
˭Ҳ¶һ˿Цݡ
ỹûнھͿλӻδˡ
Īཱུ뵭ޱȡ
ǣˣûǴƵĻʹңǾЩλ»ǲ
һʳЩɵ
ηģǴʳˡ
ʳսʿʬ׷׺ڶûɾЩͺգʱʱķʳʬ࣬Ѫ溧ޱȡ
ʳһߣôʳ߹ԣмȥѧϰҵԣ֡ڴ֮ǰǵĿľ磬½أȻͳһѧϰʳ
ڣޱˣҲ֪塱֣ܹһѶڴʳ˵ġУ׼ȷı֡
ڸѧãʳҲѧãѧϰġ
еĹؼأ˹ͺɺս
ڴƵеĺɺ˶η嵽˹һ㣬ʳĹ﷢Ҳϡ
Ǻǣģȫ㼯ûôĵӣѸɱ¾һ顣ңߣΪҪԸģֻһ³𣿡
Īཱུ߰ͷ­ȻһЦҡҡͷ
Ǵ˵˼
Χĵͷӷ׷˹
³ȻҪԸǸҪǣλһλıӦöס
ֻҪдڣͻâڱʳѰѴټסſڣҪùеλͳеڳӶλʩѹ
ľ֣ش֮ս϶Ըôڲìܣ취ɵλ룬ҲҪλԺԶ޷ͳսҪģǰִԽԽãҲڳеЩˣ˷ѣһݡ
ĪཱུĿ䣬ƺѿ͸еһС
糯ʾеһжİ֮УΧۼֵڣҲ֮С㹻˹עԽԽã
ڣҪƺ£ܱ޴עֵù󣬾Ϳ԰³һ¡
ͽһ˫
ͽд
³һλϣɱ˹Ҳ۹ͻţ˹˵ʬѵġ
ܽ˳³ɱҲҪ˵֣¼ãҲǼ˹ʿǣһ֮
ЩͷԺһӶĪཱུӹһ˿Цݡ
ǰĿ˷յϢϹĺԽԽˣĿҲԽĺ
һжڰİţ˳ķչ

ˣˣ
ͬʱҸ֮ۡУȸͷ󺹣Ҵҵܽ鷿֮С
ˣոյϢڻʳſھۼʾԴ͢ʩѹǰڸʹݴ̽ӣҲŸʳǵ֮Сû⣬פ۶ʹڶ͢ʩѹˡ⣬ʦҲϢӡӣͻʺگڣŻʹſڵķۼ
ԽԽˣ⣬оӵĳԱڹע飬Һܲ
ȸͷܣ˵ʱ촽Щ
үڲڳãƽ²µҲ类ȥ̫͵еĹܻģҲۻŵˡǣһүǳӣмӵʥʣҲУӲ
кԳԺ϶Ĵӣ
ټϺ˵ƲүڵĴǳ
֪ˣ
ȸǼٵʱͻȻһڷͬһ£ȸеǼҲ١
ˣ
ȸԾĿ壬ǲ졣ΪүٻΪ֮ݣеȴû뵽鵭Ȼû˿⡣
ûʲôģھʦֳֻȥһ£СǺˣΪȫۺŵĹ𣿡
һڱеȻ
ˣ˼
ȸһסˡⷭȫֲһֱΪԼҪԸģֻǳϵۺţֻټһӡ
ץҪģڣ͵ʱˣ
嵭˵ʱһ˿޷ӵĺâ
ŹȻǸǸδûƲûиĵӭϣǲһ󣬴ﵽֵزġ
ڱִУĸҪĵҩڣʹʾһĵҩ
һУûоܵļ˳ǾԲܵġ
˵֮ǰ廹ǸоھʦһһĻ󣬾ָӣЭһжôڣⳡʾѾȷɣ
鷿Ļȸɫһʯ䣬Ҳƺ뵽ʲôֻûȵ룬һѾ
ȥټеľжĿ꣬ʳſڣ


1582 ץ
䣡
һ̣ȸ𺳵ĿУһеĲ豭Ż棬ͬʱֻƬ̣Ѿ߳鷿ʧ⡣
գ
ֻƬ̣󣬵Ƶĺ˾ۼڻʳſڵʱ򣬾ʦһ󼱴ٵľӵĳԱһֽͬ籩һ㣬ųſڵķ㼯ȥ
ʦϿգƻۣһ޴ķ籩֮У

ͬʱʦһطһӰֶվڸߴͬһС
үѾˡ
¥ϣϹܼһۣĴԶ۶ȥһӶӾԱջĿ⣬һԵЩ鵽һѾǳˡ
ͻȻٿĳᣬѾ˳ȴûнӵõʱ򣬳ʱ䣬Ѿ޷ˡ
Ȼеλϣڽյʱϡ
Ǻô˵ô飬ǲҳ𣿡
ԶʵĻʹͻȻڵ΢΢Щį
ã
Ϲܼҵû˿Ĳ
ʵūҲ˵÷ǳеڵĳòܣһһĴ󳼣ϵı滻ȥֻ߱λԸ壬޸طıȥֻʣµº³ˡ
³̫ţһʱỹˡҲǺ³ԭ򡣵¶ż˳ãôԼ߻ĶĽǣûϣˡ
⺢ϣȫ£ҲѡÿϢɢʱȡжԭֻ£λµķӦҲѾԤ֮ˡ
ϹܼҶ˶ٵʦôǴͬʱ³Լڹģ³СӣҲҲڶˡǲ³˶ԸΪá
ڵĴƣҲֻʣһԶԿˣҲֻ壬пıһУ
Ǳ£֮ڣ˹֪ͬ

ϹܼҵĻҲɷһ̾Ϣ
İɣ£ǺӴûаյ¡¾ͷĵȥɣǺӵ²Ѿ𣿡
Ϲܼҵ
¥ϣ仰ڵ˵ͷֻеôڲزס
Ȼһ˵ü򵥣һΣҪԿĿʢŭĴӺţô׼ô˵ϳ֣һʧ
ֻȴʲôû˵

ͬʱʹ֮УڻʳſھۻʾϢոմ̫͵ãһ̣һ󼱴ٵĽŲ̤̫͵

ӵͻȻڹ⣬ڴץſڵĺˣ

Źڵϣ˵
䣡
Ϣͬһذը£ڳ֮Ȼ󲨡
ô
ǿĺ˰ʲô
ǷѾץ߰ǧˣѵӲѴƾڵĺȫץ𣿺͸óףͨޣʥʶµĻôɣʥʶĲǻвٸӰ

ڳ۾ÿ˶ĳܵһǰδе𺳡
һδƽһ̶̵һ֮ڣǸܵĳ̫ˣȫӦӲ覡
ץôˣ¶ʢŭ֮УǾȻû䱾ֱΨ²ҡ
һ֪ҪǳĻң
ʣ˭ĵӣ
Ϸһŭ̫͵΢΢ͬһͷŭʨ㣬鱩ŭޱȡһ³ҪЮҲͰˣһ塣
ԭΪԼټ³ٻЩû뵽䱾ȫԼ
Ϣŭ
ŭȺһǻǵһΣ˷ŭ³Ȼ𶯣ĿӹӣһЩ
֪ҲûпӾȻôߵΪ
£΢ȥɣ
ڴӱŭʱһͻȻڴƽƽ߲ͣһɲǼ䣬ϷĴҲŤͷ˵ˡ
ۣ
һԵ³ȴһϣ˵ôȺĿôӶģҲֻһֱûô˵ˡ
ۺĹϵ½֪رӳ棬¾͸˲֪˲
£ܱߺ̸飬΢һЩӹҲ΢ǹġڳ飬΢ȥӦ԰ɣ
ɫȻֵüƽÿ˶֪һκһ˶Ҫŭ
ȥɣ
ӳƬ̣ڵ˵ͷ
л£
˵仰Ѹת뿪
鷳ˡ
³ȥıӰһ˿ǡ
Ųͨ۵ֶθǼȻô϶ѿǵЩǼ㵽ڣ³Ҳ֪ȥԡ

Ƭ֮ǰ
գ
ʹſڣǧƵľű־ԵʺףʾۼĺΧ˶һ
ô£ӵô
ͻԼһʿûʳſڵĺ˴һȺеĪཱུҲվ͵۾𶯲ѡ
ˣô£ѵӵ˻ʱץˣ
һگĳͷĪཱུ룬𺳵
ģûôĵӣ
Īཱུ˼Ƭ̣ܿ
ڻʹ棬Ƶĳڳᣬ۵ľǾӺץ˵ϢһλӦòôͿʱ򶥷
ǱץİѱĪཱུ᲻ԡԼ
ңѵΪƾǧˣץס˲ɣ
ĪཱུĪཱུĻԭҵں˲١ǰһλܵõ˹λ˵еĵ۹ӣȻҲǷ֮Ȼô˵ȻЩ
һ̡
ϣ
һԽ˻ͻȻ˶Уͬһʱ䣬һ߿쳹գ
Щͳͳץ
ھӵǰһĽϵһγϵ彣ɫĽֱָǰѹѹһƬƵĺˡ
䣡
𶯣˾̾ĿУǧƵľɱڣһ棬͵سĺСһ̣һӵ£ÿ϶һЩ͵ţͼһַ죬Ѹٽǰĺ

ʲôſң
ÿÿĸץˣߣ

ԭۼһʾĺˣʱһƬҡ
ôң
Īཱུ뿴һĻؽҧ۵ĲţȻ𺳵Ļں档
գֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һ׳Ƭضƺ뻮һоҲŵĿУһӱ֮ڸľӺ󷽸˹Ǹһ־ѸٷɢγһεİΧȦʳſڣʾĺŰΧ
ֵĵڶǧ֮


1583 ɢҶ
һ˶ܣү˵ˣһҪˣΨʣ
ľУͦһ˫ޱȡ
ǣˣ
䣬˷˷׷Ӧס
ԶһƬɧң޴ĺˣǵɫԽ䡣
үս²ʱɱĺа֮ʬ̯ڵϣʬҰһ۶߼ʡ
кǰĸľս彻ӡڣһƨƽЭȻЩ˶࣬ʳſڣֱּǻ
䣡
غǴǧƵľ֮ͬǰǧ˲뵽˻ʹǰãã纣ĺС
ϣ
һлԶδ
ڵڶǵĴ¸ϵʱķһɳ۶
Ϊ˺͸ĴЭ飬ó˴ľӣЩóľΪӣṩ˴ԴԱʱٵټ˹ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ۼھеľѾﵽ˽ӽһ֮
ô£ӻû𣿡
ȺΧһŸֿһĻζҪըˡ
еʱĵˣڹۣôܲȥעӣԼЩ˵Ķʵϣſڵĺ˸ովۼǾѾõϢǸʱ˾͸оһ¡
ȻǸʱԤУ˭Ҳû뵽ķӦ˼ңѸ١
ǳʱ򣬹²£ʱѲ
һԣһ£鱨񾵿ڵǡ
ǣѵô𣿡
ȺУʵǺ̸Ľڹۣò״ﵽһȴҪһȺȫƻзŭѡ
侲ڲµʱڱǳ֣ʲô壿Կ͢ʱԲ˳ҶڽӽǧˣôȥԸǣ
ʱһϵ˵ˡĿǣʼձ侲
ʱΨһܱ򶨣ѹסȺ˵ģҲֻʣˡ
쿴
һȺִ࣬ԥʱͻȻ֮䣬䣬û˿ףȺһƬɧԭΧԹ۵ľʦգʱͻȻ·ʲôһ
ͻȻ춯Ҳ˵ע⡣

˳˵Ŀ⣬ֻʳſڣķһƥɫģ˳ȾսһϽڣüˣ˵ӵ£ͬ峿ȽȽĳһ㣬
ȻᣬͶ㣬ι֮䣬ȴһѰԶûϺȣӡ̵Ļǧ޵еơ
ˣ
֪˭˲ʹǰȺʱһɽѰľ
˵Ӱ
֮ǰı֮УġǿȨܵӵΪа˵Ӱ£ڳ֮Уû˿Աȵ塣
ۣΪ̸粻֮࣬ԣþ򣬻Ʊ߾Σգ¡
Ǻȣǲ˲١
Ϊ֮ţŹ֮ʮ͸Ҵǧһʮ˲ıذܱ֮֡
ԴʮľͶɱҰĲĴʳʬûƵİҰġ
˵廹ʥ׷
ЩۿԱġ
ʧһ£֮ǰı֮Сܡǵٴγʱɳ۹ɳ˾ʦ֮ĿΪԺգΪҫ۵Ĵڡ
żġɱħͷΣ˵ҲֻǸһ෴
ŵȫԯ޵ģ
ˣ
ǵϤӰ񾵣ŮȫɫҲͬˡ
ÿжģоһӴѹļɵͳޣ
˵ķâʵ̫ҫۣϴεĴۣ˵ĸоû˿һֱ˪ĥԽɳĸо
ϣȣҲľ
ԶĻҪѶԸ
壡
˵ʱʱ죬£ʦΧ۵İգ¥ϵĽʱͻȻ֮䣬һ󺰴˵ע⡣
ھۼĺ룬ĺŻ˵ӵ£ӭȥ
кһƬңǾŵʱȺŻĺ˿ȥû˿η壬ûܣݵ忿һȺԵ÷ǳۡ
ãǸӣ鷳ˣɢҶէ֪Ҫˣ
ԭһֱ̩Ȼ˲ɫ
ɢҶһϡʷǡǶͻʵĻҹ塣
һΣƺ͸ǩƽЭ飬ĺ˽ƣ˽Ƶߺƣŵ֮أЩӡʦƵĻнԴѺõͷڴƺ͸õĺƽ
һӦִƵĸӺ͹УԺյģͬʱҲģɢҶʦܿͳ˸Ӻ͹ͬŷ䡣
ҲͬӺ͹ɢҶбȽϿǰλ̳ȨԶɢҶһֱǳչˡϻǽ˭Ҳû뵽ɢҶȻڹ۳˻ʹſڿĺС
ʲôˣ
һ࣬˵ӵ£еһжԤϵһޡ
ܿ죬ע⵽һСĺˡ
ɢҶͻʺӣ֪ûʸݼ
ʱΪ׵ͻȻ˵ˡ
һ˵ĿһɨܼסԼľԱ߰ȻԼݷǳԺ
ǹ
ȻһЦһ߻ǰȥһߴ˸ơһ̣ܵľԱ׷ÿɢҶóһ
ɢҶҲ£ӣмʹڣݲȵߵսǰͷ­߰λеɱ˴ħҲû˿η塣
˵үǴǿʶǴ֮һʺүڴƣǽӴǺ󣿡
ɢҶǰ
ǣ
仰ȻһЦѾ⣬ҲƣֻǾ󵽵˵Щʲô
ȻǺ󣡡
Ҳ
ٸʺүƣ´ǳ󣿡
˳ԼĻشɢҶüͷһŵ
Ȼ´󣡡
ϣٴεЦЦ
ʺүһ⣬ƣǺү󣬻Ǿ󣿡
ɢҶٴʵ׳Ŀġ
ˣ
仰廹ûʲôӦӵҵԪӥ˶ʱɫ䡣ⶫͻһеûģΪ
ӺسɢҶǰػġ˼Ӷܲ壬з֮ӡ


1584 ֮裡
ȻӴ󣡡
ֻʲôһ΢Цţٴλش
ãүȻ֪ΪλǰĿ޾顣ǶǴģǴƵĿˣүȴڶӵĿʲôͳͳץǴƵĴֻ֮˵ӵĻүû˿ã
Ƕͻʣ˼˿ˣȴ˵򷭿˵ĲյƷ˳Էĵ꣬ȫ˷ūͣǶͻһҪġүū𣿻˵ūһĿ޾·ϣ
˵ɢҶɫ
ɢҶĻǼӹǰһ̲סкá
ɢҶܹô̵ʱڣΪھʦиӡ䣬Ȼ֮Ⱥ͡ǻۡͲ˿Աġ
ʱôľΧӣ˶Ҫ̲סȲˡ
ɢҶʱϣ΢΢һЦͻȻˡ
Ȼĵ֮
Ӹ£˵ĵһ仰ɫӲ
֮ԡ塯ΪءˣԾϯζź򣬶˾㷹Ҳл˵ʢȻʱ򣬴뿪֪ǱªţǶͻϰˣѵ˵ǶͻʵĿ˵˼ңȥл˵ʢ˼ô֣˼ҵĳſ𣿡
̧ͷƳһǰߴΰĴƻʹ
һɲǼ䣬ɢҶͬӡʱ׹һࡣⷬڷǲжڴƻʹſڵ¡
Ǵƾʦ۹ĺڣʹȺͻʵµĵطǼҪĻҪ֮ءĸȫۼڴˣſڶµʵʵˮйͨȷʵЩˡ
ֻǵʱȻЩףҲŷڣƲİôȫץټڳŰѳ֣һʼ˶ûʲô⣬ֻ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼĳˡ
ǳˣһħͷ
ץ
һ࣬ûкɢҶ˵һӣѴ£һȺӵĶԱͬͻʳһ㣬ݺݵ˹ȥɢҶ˸ʵʵ
ſңſңҿǶͻʵӡѵҶץǻµģ
ɢҶ̲סˣһţһߴ
ߣȳ˴˵ɣ
Цһ
ôĴսɢҶеġ¡
ͻʵӸ֪ں˭˵
ˣô죿
ȺУ弸仰İɢҶץһĵͷĿɫ԰ףֻ亹ȺҪˡ
ǱץȥЩ˾ʧְһʲôʧǿ¶һ
˴ʱӶˣ֪󣬺ͲӦĪཱུĻӺ͹
ĪཱུʱлҪ𶯣ⳡƻʩѹʾھӽѾȫʧءȻ֮ǰ˵¼Īֲཱུŷ֣ԼԶԶ͹λֻʮĴս
º޹أԼеĴ⣬ԼڳȫеͨĲԣȴȫûãԼĻҪ޼ɵҲӵûй˼ɡ
ֲôеʱС£Ҫǵλ飬ʧˣ
Īཱུпɬޱȡ
κεı粵ǿץǰԵôĪཱུɫ԰ףѾ⡣
ô죿ӵڶûгȥɢҶ͸ӹԼſڵĺ˾ıȫץȥˡֻ¹ӵʱϹҲѾˡ
һ࣬񾵺һȺŸֿǰӴץĳҲż
Ӳóѹ˱ңͳ˾ӣѸӹץĺ˱ץô飬Զڴ´ͬɼĳ
û취ڻԸҪȵӳ
ҲɫѿޱȣӰ᲻ףڲҲ̣
ţһҪͣǧҪ£
ĵľܵǰһĻĴ̼巢ͻʱˡȻϵ䣬һ̣ĵͷˡ
У̲ˣΣԲɢҶ˴ߣ
ҧδ䣬͵ĳ˳ȥ

Ļɫ䣬ʶҪأǽԸһ嶯ϻأѾȺг˳ȥ
壬ס֣
ʯ䣬һ쳹ʳſڣܻ䣬ֱĳ˹ȥ
ס
ǵץˣͻȻһɫ䣬һӵ׷ŽضȥȻ飬ֻһ죬һӵﻹûп㱻һɹɰ˴ɳȥϣս׹Ͳҽڶ

һĻɫһϵһγϵȸֳҪȥؽǺܿͱסˡ

嵭˿Ϊ⡣һɲǼ䣬ԭŽȥľ׷˿Ҳ⣬ֱĳ嵽ǰ
壬㵽ʲôҪƻƺĺƽⱨŶ𣿡
ھ߿⣬ŭܣƺ޲塣
壬Ϳ˳ˡϴ¥ûʲôӡֹһŴҵеĵˣӦֶμҵ㣬ϳ׵ĸɵϧǹӻ϶ģǳôĻ
ڿ͸֮ĺ̸пܳ׵ĻС
Ͳס𣿡
Ӹ£һϳ˲ԶĽλ¥ϵĽ裬Ǹ˼ӡ
ҲòԶˡ
岻źۼƳһԶӹһ˿â
һô˵ź֪飬ǲǹˡ
ߣСɫڱǰҲ˷
ɫĮȻ
쵰
Ļ۾һ죬Ȼŭ䣬һ̣âһİγϵĳȣһ˸˲ʧ֮С
֮裡
һŵȻ̺űӵûȻ𡣶Χһڣ˲ɫгգͺ걻һ㣬¶ɫ
֣Ϲ˴֣֮ʥ֮֮֡裬Ǵʱʮɱ֮һһݿͳĶߣ֮󣬴֮
ؽ֮裬֮ʱÿһһŽֹɱ˵ܹͬ˵ꡣ־ᶨﵽʥ侳ǿߣһֵܵӰ졣
Ϊ˴֣֣֮֮


1585 һ

˷ӿбͬһʱ䣬һ쵽˼㣬Ծ˵ٶȣ
̡ǡ硢֮УȻЩö
尲ϣ΢۾˿ֵӰ졣ڵľΪܹӰ쵽ĶǾ֮١
Ǻùֻǿϧʩչ书˵㣡
˵仰һ̣۾͵ָſƻʵ죬͵һ֮̽С
䣡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ֻһ춯صľ죬һ̣˵ĿУһԭһ˵ĵطǯһ㣬ץסһѹӵ׳
ǰѴëϷĳУͺ۵ľһȫáŽĽͬҲһֹ̬һץͷ½ϣ֮С
ôܣ
һǣĿǸ¶ȵ𺳡
ʩչĿĽǸܳһȻӥץСһ־ץסĳ𺳵ǣ֮ȻǳҲǼֲɱ֮֮гűԵĽ
ͽץֱ޲ɼ
֣ŷ֣ԼֽڽӴɲǣڵȻȫͬˮһ㣬ȥǱըԵû㲨
ͺ壬ͬһ޵׶һ㡣
ʲô󣬼ڲҲûĳ档
ֻһֽ͡
ʵҪԶö࣡
һǣһĶʱˮס
ǰ꣬еһβһ˿ҡһ̫ƵүԣѹûȥԼпܸͲĶ֣ԲŻ嶯Ĵȥ
ãˣ
ãҪˣ
ԶϺ񾵵ˣɫޱ䡣ȥʱѾȥˣǽж̫죬ҸҪǣ³çͲ֪ԼҪԿʲôˡ
ֹ
һɲǣϵҲ˲׷״ȺмȺеȥ
Զʼĳ嶯ŭҲһɲʧӰ١
ˣ
ʯ䣬ɫ԰ףֻʣͷ
ָһɣ뿪
ߣߵ𣡡
һĻֻһЦ΢ǿ߶һնɱοǽֻû΢ߡ
ˣ
âڽ󳷵һɲǣԥ˲֡
飡
˵ʱʱ죬һ֣ŷһͻȻ𣬲һӰԼٶȴţͽķ
ӣ
ˣ
ԶϵˣдϲҲ˼ɵȥ
ߣô
۹·˷۸Ѿע⵽ˡʱҪ½ôܻ֡

һ֣𶯣Χ˻Ԯͱһư¡
ǰĴһֻһ㣬˵ĽӰӲĴڵϣһġֲĴ󺰡
䣡
ͬʱԶһɫƺƵɺһ㣬ϵ
һЦƶĳһɽɫͬɽХ㣬ɫصײһ
ֻһ춯صľ죬һµİڣɽԶۣɫҲͣ
ڽվϣֻһ㡣ѾУӡ֫ٺеľ
һĻ˶һǺܿ죬룬˾ͷ׷Ծߡ
壬ſҵĲ£
һ˫ĿѸٵĴȺķ
²£
һɲǼ䣬Χ£ȺԽɧˡۼ⣬һϳλ²¡
֮ǡǡλ²ºΪƽ²֮չģϴεı֮֮ٴԣڻʹһ
΢һӱý˵Ŀͬʱۼͻ̤ϡ
ʹǰһƬҵĺˣԼļͷ춼оյı仯׷׿˹
ڳˣ
ۣȺеĪཱུڳһʵ̫ǿˣǿƸмܲס£Ҳֻ۲֮Կˡ
ȺûˣĿһתѸϡڼ䣬û飬볯Ĵ󳼣Ǿ뿪ڳĳõġ
۸ܳķչȴ⡣
ڶڳõİѳԶеĻҪö࣬ҲΪ档
˵·ϵĲ𣿡
尲Ƴһ۱СһץĵĽ
쵰˵˭·ϣ
仰ŭɶȻס;ȴûп˵
ߣǴƵһƷүʲôȻҶҳ֣
˵ʱûһۣһϣʱΪ֮ᡣ
Ȼŵһֱڳ֮͢⣬׵ĹϽڴƵľʦǴƵүʵʵεѹ
ү¿Ǹ̿ͣרԸүģˣһԲ˿
ʱͻȻУ
ˣ仰˫˫ɫϣһĻҲֻȻһЦ
Ϊ˶ԸԼֱԼĲ֣һЩ
ҲֻԱ֮֮۸һ²±ץĸܡ
壬쵰ģǹ޹أʲô¾ͳ
е
Ȼûֻǻһ֣Ͱ˽
ˣҴȥ
棬ɫһٱ䡣
ǺֶΣصΪ˱֮ǰġһ֮𣿡

ݱѵԩ²Ϊ͢سѵ𣿡
Ե
ɫԽıˣŽ£һ㣬۶޷ϡ
²£²£ң
ʱһźǻУԶµɢҶԼӹǰ۷׷״
²£Ƿǣ
ɢҶǵ
ǲʶȴʶġʱܾǵģҲֻۡ
ҲۣɢҶҷˣˣλӺ͹ϵͳͳҽ⿪
ۿЩ廨ĸӹŭܣֱһӣϡ񾵵˵Ҳ룬ѺɢҶ˷ӡ
ߣ˭ң
Ŀһָᵯ¡˲Ϣ𵴣һɫĽޱȣѸסϡ񾵵ˣĽڵϻһĹۡ


1586 
壬ı𣿡
۶ϵ壬ɫ
ӷͬۣ㲻𣿡

һӷͬǺôĿ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ʱͻȻһĴЦԶͬʱһ¡¡
ͻȻıʣ˲˵ע⣬ҲͬʱŤͷ˹ȥ
ү
ɧķһݣȻɫ


ԶȺһƬɧһԹ۵ľʦ߰㣬ɢŴ޹˼ɣȺкֱײֱӳŻʹǰ
һЩʦֱܲӱײɿ
ӽ£Ⱥ޲ɵ֣̫ܹģЩƹصġ֮񡱣Ҳֻз˵
£Ҳˣ
ĴУһɽ룬Ļģߣϣߵ
٣ô£Źˣ
Ц
Ŀֻ̣ͣ˰ϵ塣
ôãڻ̲סˣ
һ˿Ĺâ벶ȸں󣬽ĳһ֪ˡһͬûгڳϡ
ǺͬǴټˣȴѹȥԸһ³Ⱥۣдӣһ࣬һ١
Ȥģֻһ壡
³ֻ嵲ǰһƣץס壬ǲġ
ԴӺ˾ۼʼ˷һֱڵȣ֪飬һ֡ľʹµˣں󷽵š
Ȼ廹жˡ
ˣЩ֮ͳͳץ
ǰ΢۾ͻȻһ֣
ǣˣ
һµĹԱӦǡһɲǣʱɷͻһ㣬ΧһӵĳԱ׷˹ȥһΣյϢ׼ǧ
µ˼ˣֹˣԼױˡΪԼǧ˽ȫǾ
Щȫǳ͢ġ
ϿǧԾӵľǧǴơǧȴȫװսȵһˣӣڲǸϸսı߷Դ󲿷ִĶһЩߡϾߣսҲȲ˽
˫ʵһ֪
ǧѵصս˵˽ȥľӳԱ֧ŲסУˣһƬҡ
ʹǰӽ£Ҵô֣Ҫ췴ˣЩҵץ
ɽıʿһֱۣе
Ȼ˰
±ҡҡͷƺľٶ塣ƾǧӵĳԱҪԿǧǲܵġ
ȴҶûС
Ȼˣ׼ְɣ
꣡
һ䣬һϻ𡣻һ˫˫ĿУӵĳԱͻȻҿǰӡϵĲᣣ¶һܼܱȻ
Щģ˿Ĵؼ⣬ңң׼һ׼ı
ˣ
ЩȻԭɷӳԱ˹¹Աµı˲ɫһЫ㣬ûǰ׷˿ȥȫû֮ǰǹơ

ΧȺ󾪺
󣡡
ͫһıɫǰۣıɫЩǱģȻһܼɱ˵ͻеƳ
壬ң
Щ̲ס˻
ǾйƵ;еӽ£ɱôĳǰػģҪ췴𣿡
һɲǣѾֹǷŭֱܻǧȥԸǧս̫ǿľӳԱʮþȡ
û뵽ȻˡɡȻ׼ȷ˳ں󷽣͵֡
ĳ󣬲Ǻܶ࣬žֻʮң˿⡣˹֮սѾ½еִĿ
еĳһܣһοԷʮĴ͸侪ˣ侳˶һֵסʮ󳵣һ䣬ܹɱˡ
ǵ٣ֻ»ûȵı嵽ǰʮ󳵾ɱһǧˡ
µɱܲס
ªŲ֪ҿԸߡҵ󳵻ܽĴʳʮ󳵣ʥҷʱΪصؽҵġİػģ췴֮˵
ϣƵ
嵱˽е⣬ܵڳڵѡͬҲΪִƵĴɱ˹ӵ쾡£˴ƵΣҲ˵ʥʹʮܴƳ
֪Ĳ࣬ټ֮ǰҲûаЩóʦû֪
Ҳǵһ˵ֺּޡ
ĴûУʥʶƫֱ˼㡣׼ôãҪô̸ף
壬ңǾʦΧôգͲţĶ֣ˣѾӵͳͳץ
ݺݵĵ壬Ȼŭе
䣬ǰЩµı˽õĳʱһŭţ㼯һɹɺٴγķȥ
飡
ӦһֱЩȻ׼ĴȺ֮СĿռ䣬һµıǰֻһ㣬ͿԽ˴ȫ䴩
ϣ
ս˻һ˲䣬бɫ԰ף׷׾ȥЩսֶȥ
壡
һĻ̲סһŭû뵽Ȼ;Ը
˵Ҫھʦ֮ɸ꣬ӵڴǵжͱĶˡ
嵭˵ĻȴҲһ֪Ϊʲôĸоȫͬ廹ٻ֣ڣҪ޼ɵ
쵰
к޵ҧгݣǿʮ󳵣һʱ֮䣬治µºǧ˽֡
˵ףһսͷлźܴĹ˼ɡ̣ʮ˸ԼĶ֡
ۣ٣ô˵ڴãĹϽ룬ѵҪСİɢҶ˴𣿡
һ͵ŤͷԶۡ


1587 ͵Ϯϣ
壬ǴƵ٣ȴһɢүѾãϵһд£һ޹ءʲô鶼ѾԽְȨΧٸһλᣬŵɢҶ͸ӣԼоۼĺˣɢµľڻ˵ЩȵӵִͲô˽ˣ
ǰ䶢
̬Ȼ̫ãȴ⣬һʼ֮£ûм䶼һ
ߣ˵أ
ɫҲ
ӦҲôӦӦҲôӦɲ㡣
˵ţͻȻһɫĽһģϣһԽĽ쳹աɲǼ䣬𶯣һɺƴĽû󣬻ֺƵ쳹ա
ɲǼ䣬ʳǸо±¥ϵĴƽԼȺеߣ˵ģһ̣ϵĵȫͺҪ֣ƿնȥһ
һĻҲ۾΢У΢΢ɫ
ҲǼʩչԼԼǶĽǿߣǵһμⱬȻԿ˵ϵĽֻһУ۵ʵ¾͵һ侪˵ĵز
ֻǶ̶һɲܿع
ԣ²£Ҫв𣿡
Цò˵ķչЩʼ⻹ǵһΣ˾Ȼǰв
ϣ
û˿ԥɫսûк󳷣ӭŶ˹ȥ
Ŀԣͺͷ·ʨŭ㣬ȫûõӡ
ˣ
о֮ΣϢһɲǼ䣬ʳΧʱ
оӵ±ϵĽԼ˷ŷĽʿ˶ס˺͸һ˿𺳡
λĿ֮ӣȻҲͻҲֻǾӶڲֵĵزڿһ̣еһжıˡ
үҪҪ
ʱ˭Ҳûע⵽һϵͻȻ͸һ˿ϵζ
٣𼱣£
Ŀ𺣬΢΢۾ǰ
ò״ᣬҪôֻֻȥܡ
˴ߣбҵҪ˭ǰ֣
Ŀ磬ɫޱȡһα֮УѾõ㹻ˣһΣҪֻ֪սϵʨκ˶ǵģսǳ͢
ǣү
˵һѺɢҶųȥ
²£
ɢҶɫ䣬ʽۡ
ɢҶ
ɫһ䣬ɫ䡣
¡
ɲǼ䣬ʣһɫĽƺƵֱʡͬһʱ䣬磬ѸʧԭأŶȥ
ȻˣҶˣ
۵ò˿飬ʹϿͬһʱ䣬â䣬һǣÿ˶һĳҵɫڰУ֮ɢһޱߵĺȻ
󣡹⣡
˵ĿУ֮кȻԳĸɷĴ֡ĸէּţɲǼ䣬վֹն·һɲ񲻶
еĽ±Χ飬Ƶĺ˺;ʦգû˿ףһǣÿԺжһɲĿհףͺʱһֹ̾˰㡣
һ̣һֺĽӴǧ֮糤һ㣬ƺƵԾ˵ٶȳȥ
һ·ԽʱͿռ䣬ضΪ֮ȻʧɫʹǰĴض·һ㡣
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬۳ֵͬʱâһû˿ô£ѾӰڱʧ
ۣȡ裡
쳹ա
컯
ؼصһ̣ƵֻӰͬʱ֡һɰģԽ۷۹󽫵ϱ۱ľ˽ҵײһ

һǣ˲ʩչ˴컯֮һȻŹʽЩʽϺǰȴȫͬԽĳۣءҲμǳֳãںϵơ
Ӵɹľ֮͸ںϵ컯еĽ
䣡
۱ĺȻصײһһɲǣÿ˶жһ·ƣľ죬޾ĿϯأӰ֮кɨ㳡
ϣս˻ĳ£ȺһƬңӵµıڿĳ£ɷ׷ȥϣǷɳʯɳ
У»Ӱ˲ʧͬʱ۱ĺȻҲֲ촷ۡ
һ˾Ȼǲʤƽɫ
ڣ
˵ʱʱ죬˽ֵɲǣԶкһͷףɢһҺۣŰ壬ǳ˲֡
²£㣡
һ쳹أעɲǣӰϢ磬ͬӥһ㣬ѸӹȺϿգȥһ˰;һۣǳѺɢҶȸӵȥ
֮ǰһֱȫϢ볣죬ֱʱ˲¶һǿΪϵ֣һľǿߡ
չֳǿʵѵķʽ۳ֵʱһй壬⼸ȴǡǡ෴̶ȵעȻӱԸ塣
ߣڰ಻ס𣿡
ڱϳֵɲǣ۾΢УͫӹһĹâ֣Ծĳķţܹһĺ߲ͨ࣬۷弶ĵ۹Ҳһó
ֻϧ˵ֶھǿ屶ͬ𶥼ǿߵǰû˿ܿԡ
⼸˸һ֣Ѿˡ

˵ʱʱ죬ϣһһֱûгʵĴɽһ쳤ԶԾУͬʱһɫĽ̫Ҫ˲Ϣ֮
ɲǣ˲ϢһΪΪֱĽ˷ȥ
Ĺû˿ԥûк󳷣ٳȥ
ڤ
ɣ

ƺƣһӴϢޱ޼ʣϱֻһɲǣһ·˵۹󽫼һ·ֱ΢


1588 ŴУ
˵ǣ߹ϵͬԴ˵ȸԷֿΪһ壬˵ĸоͬա
ƬУصĺ·ռ䶼ܲס
󷽣һĻǲ¶һ˿Цݡϴ֮䣬Ȼǿ£ǿҪˣ˴ȥûסԼˣһֱԼ书԰˵ܴ衣
Դ֮ɳѹЩʿԺһһ
Һ岻ͬɽѹߣҲֻ飬Ϳʼôˣаɡĳ̶ֳϣƫЩаǿߣΪǵ书
ⱱϾеٮٮߣ֮ߣҪԶԶɽ˶Ԫһˡ
ΪһֱڱǱޣɴ˵ҲǺòҵǣѹεԼ¡

˵ʱʱ죬ͻȻͬʱУеĵ⻹ûãһ̣Ϳɷֻϵ˲䶴ǳɽıĽǰֽͬһ
ɫֻ̣ȥĿ죬صĸ졣
ܣô˿Իǵı
ͬһֻֻ֣̱ˣ壬־ŭǵ֣Ѫֹǵȫ˵ơ
˵ĵطһģһ
ȻʵҪǸ߳ܶ࣬Ļͬʱ˵ơ
𶯵ģ屬ĽҲʶ㣬Ľ̶ȼֱ

ϻûӦǺ󷽵ȴ˫۶ĴĲš
ܣܣôܻŽ
һǣ·ܵһǰδеĳȱϵսܻҪе𺳡
£ʲôǲô֪Źģ
һԣɽĻģıʿ̲סǰСʵ
㲻ףǲӦóϵĽ
ûżþ޷ƽ
ΪȻ֪ŽǴƾǿľѧҲǴľѧ֮һ׵ʱҲεĻܹԼΪͽԼŽԼΪһĴƾ
ֻϧžѧӲ⴫Ȼʶܾˣġ̫ӡҲܾˣﻹʲô롣ҾʹԣүѾˣȻÿһʱ䶼һЩСϢҷɣ˵񻹻ţǸΪš
ʱһãȻҲͶ롣
ǣû뵽Ȼʺ͵Ķ̫ӶûܵõĲȻϣ
һذϣɫĿ档ΧеȺһƬţѻȸȫǿΪ֮С
ھеҺ˵ıӹɣû뵽ǣΪȻҲ߾ֵز
ߣ
ĿһǰһҪ׼ٴζ֣һ̣һֻƴӺ˳ס
ӣɣ
ϿۣҡҡͷĿ͸صļɵʹǰȺ飬Ȼ֪Ϊ˼̫޹ԸûʩչȫĹȻһʱ
ŸոսܴУ㻹ûȫƿأʱ˶֡
˵ʱƳһǰɫĳ߳ϸȥͻֽᷢϣĸӵ׭壬棡
ʥʥĺȻʥŵһʼʹù񽣡
ŴǧأѾԽ׻ȨҲĳЩʥҪʱ̽С񡱵ϰߡ
һִƾõϰףҲͨĳЩطڲѡļ̳ˣŰθΪʥʹһƶܹʷĺУն裬Ӧ˷ѡ
ĸһ׵飬ȻԷҪһָĸһĸĸҪһеսͻԱȻԼܱ߸ѣƱҪӴΪ֧ţǡ񡱵ݡ
УߵĺȻʥżҪĽɫ¼̳Ϊļӳ֣ͨʥɵġ
ÿһĳϺţὫԼĺȻ֮֮󣬹עȻʥУԴΪ´ŵԴ
۲Ÿոʥеûȫգʱ˽֡
Ӽݵ
ڴʱһӻʹ𣬶ʱ˵ע⡣
һɲǼ䣬˵Ŀ׷׳Żʹȥ˵ĿУֻʸȳڸ߸ߵĽɫʹǽϣһ̣˵ĿУȺͻȻ˸߸ߵĳǽϡ
μӣ
һɲǼ䣬߸ߵĻʹǽ⣬еľʦշ׷׵ͷڵϣЩҲһݡȻûйݵϰףҲһң׷׹
մƵǲԳܰյĹ֮ģǴӲͬڴʥʴһʥʵĻȻǰȻͬ
μ£
¥ϵĴӣۺҲתųǽϵĴӹ
٣ˣ壬ڿô졣
ȺУЦ¶һ˿Цݡ
һһΣвͣĳԱ񣬴ӹ¥¼̫¼һֱǰ¼ûһԸġ
Ѿȫ׼Ҳϵжҵ˱Խ۹󽫼ľǿߣû뵽һͷûбˡ
һزͬҪԸǴӡĲ˵ôڻʹǰ¡㹻ˡ
μӣ
һҲһ
ò˵ǰһĻûԤϵġǳڼ䣬Ӳڳã̫͵Уȴ˻ʹǽϣҪԸԼ˼жôоͿ֪
壬ôĵӣ
Ŀһ֣˰ڱϵϡ
ڼ䣬ȻҴӱڻʹǰ֣лг͢𣿡
ɫ࣬ޱȣĿɱˣֻˡ
ʳ֣еĲֹ壬ۺǴѹᶼûᵽǣĿֱָ壬ͼѾȻҡ
£ֹˣʥֻΪ˱Ĺ֮ãȻսе˻ʹǰǹ̫Ѿ˲֮ġΣԲһҪسʹЧȣ
ʱҲƲͼӴ׵дӳԽ޼ɵˡ


1589 ڶۣһ
ڴӺȺڣ㻹Ǻúýһ°ɣвگȴ˽Դ˾ǧӵڻʹǰҼǺ˾ۼ빬ͨҲӦǺº񲿣仰˵ҲӦãôҲֲɡ
⣬ҪûмǴĻ³˵ɱ³һִģͳЩģ³ˣǱиڼң飬֪³νͣ
ʱҲ˵ˡǰһ仹Ƕ˵ģһܿתͷų¥ϣ߲Զ³ʼѡ
³̫ˣ£ڣٶЩɵҰƵ̫ݡȴû˼ɣκ˺һƻ´ͬռĿ꣬˭ŵС
Ȼ¥ϣ۵Ļ³пһ͵ıɫ
֪ûô׽Ǵӣۣ£嵱ӵʱ³зԹġ
Ҫǣǰͬӣۣһߣͬʱѡ
ڵԼǵ塣
ڼ䣬뿪̫͵ſڻΪɣȺϵȻѾ⣬ΣһҪ˷ѣ£ٲҲҪش
濴ΪӣʵԭȴԶô򵥡
ۣĹ٣֪Ҳ㡣Ǵб࣬۽˧ֻҪ佫һϵȫܱͳϽкβɣ
ңΪ͢󶼻ָӼǧӵȨû٣Щٶ࣬ҲڱģڱС˽ǧһװݣװȸ󽫾ʮѵҪ±ڳ͢Уʵȴһ֧˽þã͵Ϊһ֮˽µı˹ǲ
˵ţƳһۡ
һ˵ɫ䡣Ҳû뵽ѻյϡ
壬㲻ҪѪˣҲ˵ʹǰ䣬ŴҴҴԮġֲ֮㣬Ҳֻ뵽ˣһ𣡡
˵ֱܻݣֵܰزģҲֻ
壬ڵĽͣ
߸ߵĳ¥ϣӸûĿʼϡ
£޶ģδҲʵ³ǳǷ˾ͳܣݳеĺ˲ܣд˵˳էҪǶൣϢݣڳ˾ۼʹȻҲӵĳҲޱҪΪĳЩ˵ܣһСӽ£Ȼ鶼첻ã΢ΪҲֻԳ
ɫһ仰˵ǰҲɫһָ֮ⷬǰߣҪˮ
ǳ͢ľ飬СҴıдڣΣҲֲΣ
ɫ
λıְλıְô򵥵ĵ㲻𣿻˵ȺȲһ
ΧһƬžţ壬ۣӣ¥ϵı³⼸˴Ƶ۹ȨƵļˣ飬˴ҳΨ־ŵ⼸ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ǳ¥ϵĽ¥µľ±ֻΧѹѹһƬڵϣ֪˵ľʦգÿһ˶˶䣬ϸÿһ仰ÿһ֡
ָоⳡףܻܿıƵθ֣ͬʱҲϵ˶֪ˡ
Ƶı֮ϴӳ֮Ѿֵ½֪ۺִ֮˵׾Ǳִ֮鿴Զûн
ߣۣʬλزͼ֣㲻֪Щɽģȴ޷ƴáЩھʦΪܡŹǿǿǮ컯յϷʦŮӡĿ޳͢ȣҲ޷Ȩֱڻʹſھ¡
֮ǰУۼһȺ˵Ϸаյδޣº󣬶Էȥۣ㱻ԷȺΧŹ⻹ǹ컯գǬǾ͸˷طͿ֪λҲ񣬾еѾʲôز
ЩѾֵŭԹ⣬ʹǷ˾ͳ˵²˵кһɲǹϽһŲز֡
ۣһҪƺ͸̫ƽ´ͬԣ´ͬôƵİܵ裬кˣȾƶŹΪ𣿡
ҲǶˣҲ޵ʥ𣿵£ȻǾ͸ã΢Ҫʽ²ְأְ֮
˵һ̽Ѹٴȡһۣе
ˣ
仰ϡ񾵣ŮŸ־ɫ䣬ۣлʹŸʳǽϵĴҲʱɫ
˽ԵڹſлҪ֮أҾ˾ǧδ͢׼ģⱾ˿ʵ
˭Ҳûϵ巴ࡢ²ˡ
һ˶ûϵġ
鱾жᣬӵˡ
ȻЩ㵣Ǻܿͻع˸ƣһԣһеĽ̫³¥ųȥ
ڴ˵嵯ʲôԸ̫ȥۣѾ˵̬ȣĵֻ֮߸
ڱֻ㣬ӵҪνͣ
˵ʱĿɨΧǧӵʲôɣⶼܳΪǧڹſеشԭ
ڴɱˣͿȥŻ𣬴ھץһ㲻š
ǣ
嵭ȻһЦӵ̬˿Ԥϡ
ӺǱΪ飬һʼûһ۾׵ۣΣӵĳǴ˭Ҳ޷ֹ
£˶𣬹ھӵ£²ҲҪԽ볯ã¡⣬Ϊ飬΢Ѿǰдһۣ¹Ŀ
һִȡ˵ڶӣǵӣ˲ɫ˵һ嵯ۣ˵ĹϵΪϴεıֵ֮ǽ֪кĻôڣóڶۣһоȫͬˡ
ȻȫбֻǾӵĳһεӣץʹǰĺˣ嶼Ѿȫ׼


1590 ڶۣ
һǣÿ˿ų¥µ壬жӿһ˿ŨŨļɵ

һԣȻ޵Ҫô˵вԸ⣬Ҳӹһˡ
˷ž˵Ŀ׷׾ۼеڶӡ
¥棬һ̫ŵŵнӹӣȻ󴩹ʹϳ¥Ӷݸ˴
Ѹٱ΢˫Ŀ׷䵽˴ϣǱۡ
û֪«ʲôҩǺʣбУôǡǡ෴ڴӺһ죬ƿسõ£һıâ¶ڳ˰Ӷо˼ѹ
Ȼκʱ򶼲Сλ
¥ϣһЩϳипѣ˲ͬЩ۳֮ǰǴƵسҲΪԭ򣬾¼֪
ôҵжûһǳɹġ
ˣлǷǳ棬Ա£Ҫβֵ׻дЩʲô
£ЩǸСӿ׼ǳ֣ӲΪһ۾ķɣ
ʱɽıʿͻȻǰѹ
ܣһдʲôҲܷŹҪӹһ٣ŶûУ
˵ţݺݵĵһ۲ԶڱϵȻе塣
СӣҵҪŵʲôʱ򣡡
кݺݵ
Դ˽⣬ǳ漣ĻΣ
ͿĻ󣬰֧һ㣬ӾĲ
Ȼ˵ĿУһⵯ۵ۣûͽԵһ̫ࡣĿһ۳¥µ壬ܿջĿ⣬Ѹٴĵڶۡ
Ҳ뿴ɳô෸飬Ѿ϶ˣʲô

̯ӣʹŸƵĴ󳼡աˣе࣬ȫס˺Ĺķչ
£б࣡
۵ĵһ֣ϵ巽֮ǰצһ壬˺ܴĽ壬벻˴ӵķۡ
ߣȻʹ˵еһ
Ц֮ԱǣдĺܳţһȻˡĿͷʱѾǧٱˣԵһ۴ӸԵġ
ʵϣдʲôⲻȥᡣ
£ֻ࿴룬΢΢ɫ
ţգΪӺڣɷ֮֮Դӷͬˣں˺
۶ϱʳ֧ͻʻگ߾뺺ѭأΥߣϳͣʾ뺺ȣΪ
΢ǰ˾ˣ˷ĵң֪
޹زɷԲ˷׷򷨶ȱʾº˵λںˡһԽη£ǿ֮Ե·֮˳䣬Թصö֮ıԹڻңڳ͢
̫ԣˮۣܸۣǰض󸲣ķѡ˻ɢȥ֮ʧ֮࣬ģպ󣬱£Ӧ볯˼

һۣ˼άޱǰҲͰˣǿ棬ɫʱޱȡ
էһ֮䣬ÿһÿһ䶼
ָ𣿡
ȭͷŭաľֵ֣ƺͬվǰָʧְһ㡣
Ժ˲ȡϢߣڿ̣ͬʱóǷ˾Ҫ漰˵ľףںһſݴȻۺŵ˼ΪƵĴ׿ϣôʵȥ
ۣ濴ھ£Ƕڴ˵ֻڽź˵ԸԼ
ԼϴǶ˵Լϸ
д
зߺ޲ѡ
ˣ
ڴΪŭʱֻԶȺһ֣ʼֻһܿ죬ӸطҰӵ
ã˵úã
͢ôˣ
´ͬ͸ôˣ
ԶԶأֻһĺȲȺĸдԶ
һıɫ
ô£Ǳߵ׷ʲôˡ
ѰҲͰˣǴЩдȻô򵥡
һӰŵŵ뿪̶̵ֻʱ䣬»ص˳¥
£иģƺһ۵ݣҡ
ʶ͵͵һ۴ϵۣ˿ĭ׳ŵӵ
񡭡ǵ⣡
һ߸ߵĽɫǽϣеȺԱɫҲʱ׹ɫøѿˡ
ж׼ñûҪֵöࡣ
䣡
ʱϢƺҲʹǰһڵϵľʦգһ׷̧ͷߺ
̫ˣ˵е
͢ע⵽ˣ
ȺҲŷ׷׻
ȺУۺоɲе±ҲһƬҡ
ģô£Щʲô
һŭ
һ࣬˫üȻ֪ô£ǺȻһйأҶԼк档
ֻг¥ϵ³¶һ˿ЦݡһǣͻȻļƻҲףΪʲôһ㶼ˡ
Сӣģ
³Ц岻ֹ׼ۣͬʱеݣɰģڳŸ
˵飬ĲգЧ֪
ǻΪھǴӣҲòؿˡ
ˣڱƱ𣿡
ӶʱɫԽˡȻʹ⣬˵ʲô᲻׷Źڣ幫ݣһӷԾ͵Ǻԣ²ӦҲôӦˡ
ֻǣôõĻᣬŹ̸ס
壬ô˵ֻг͢ȨΪ˴ƿҲԽ޴ң飬»ҪȺһ
ӳ
ɢҶǷˡ
һԴ


1591 
ֻ忴ûһۣɫƺԤϴӻдһʡ
ף岻ܺܺõؽӵ飬»ûô׽
Ǻǣ£һǧʮεڶУװ׵дţһطٸ޷ְܣطݸʦشɧңӰΰ򣬱ӦȨˣطٸְ𣬾ָط;ʦ򡣡
ϣϿջ졣
ǵĸʵԶʱʷ֮ܲУ
ˣһɲǣʹǰһƬž
ۣг¥ϵĴԼسڣ˲ͺһƣһ㵣˵
Ϊ³ɫһϡ˶Լ߷⣬ȻΰְһΪ³֪
ܣ
߸ߵĳ¥ϣɫһףܵķӦǲܡƸְֻܷսΰڸݸĹٸôܻһ
ǿʹ⣬飬ֲαҵô࣬оʦյ棬Ҳôĵӣô˵棬졣
ô£ȥɵĵʷ
Ȼһֱۣڵ
ֻƬʱ䣬һͷ뷢ף΢գƵߣһʷٵķΣΡΡ
ƵĵʷٺȻͬһ͸ֵ伮򽻵ҲԸɷ伮ָơ
״⵽ô£ѵôһ𣿡
ӿżɽֱʵ
һ仰˲佫˵עλƵʷϡ
ص£ȷд£
ʷ˵ĵһ仰Ⱥ𶯣ɫԽѿˡ
û뵽Ȼ˵ġУֻʷٵŵ
ڻʵڵʱĩʱطϵ˳ûټûȫƽϢطϵĹٸƣӦֿܶطٸԵʱʵ´ñͳƵľӣפݸʱάΰ޶ɵʱΪǸ˵صذ˽ȥΪɵһǧʮεڶУСֱʶ
ô꣬ƹ̩񰲣ҲûʲôҪȥԽĴҾ͵ˡ
ʷ촽䶯˵
һ˵ۡг¥ϵĴ
˵һǧһȫû뵽׼Ȼ˳棬Ȼж֮ǰѾеһж׵ˣ˾˷Ҳûа취ˡ
һ˲䣬վڸ߸ߵĳǽϣŻʹ壬һһףҲǱò
һ֣˾ԵȴһͿء
ߣ
ӺݺݵĿһ壬ڷȥ뿪˳ǽ

಻Զ³Ҳ͵͵ĳһ
鷢չڣڿˡ

Զɫ࣬һ߷ߣ͵زתͷԶȥ
Ҳߣ
һ׼ֵķѣ廯֮УθġֻᣬԺҪ¾ϼˣǾӶϢģô
Сӣ⣬黹û꣡
ԶͷݺݵĵһۣѸٴﳤȥ
ʹǰֻʣۡ
ӣ
ϵɫǣ׷һԵۡ

ԤϾʱһ˦ͻȻŲǰȥ
ֻǸͷ֪ʲô㣬Զɹģ鲻ô򵥽
۶壬ɫ
ǺǣҲ˵ģ´ͬǲʵֵģڣ;ŰѴƴԨ
ߣ
ĿһûкۣתֱӴ뿪
忴۵ıӰֻȻһЦһӮˡǴӡۻӦøо˵ŭʱ򣬷âжôһлֻǿʼ
Щˣ۹ݣٵֵز
˻
һܿع˻ʹǰ飬һĺˡ
ߣˣͳͳҴߣ
һ£һ׷ͻɽ㣬ǰЩȥ
Զո߳ûԶɫҰײѡ
廹û߳Զ͵ǵץˣȻ㲻ӡ
ӣô죬ѵô𣿶ңҲϣ
ŤͷԵۣкǲʡ
һӮˣ׼֣ڽص˸⼤ŭʱǲܷŵġ
ԸǣҲýôȹ죬һҪų
˵䣬ܿ뿪ˣȻ˵ʱΪƽÿ˶֪ԽƽԽǷŭ
Ƭ֮󣬳һƾɵ񳵴ţ˿֮·һֱȥ
е·ϣһĻʵ̫Ѱˣˣõĳзʽ
ʹʳԼ֧˲ͬ˵ûôУҲѡʯ񡢺ҡԼĹϹª񳵾ͳǳѵķʽ
ģƵľʦˣ˹Ȼƻ绢ұΪۺʹӣͿԳû£һݵĽ˹Ļû뵽ŴӡһʩѹȻκβҲֲôϡ
Īཱུḷ́ͷ£澪֡
ոջʹǰ飬ڶ޷ƽ
µЩץʱб
Щӵͷ죬ÿжһźģںдѰһۣ˸ھеļͷĿзĻ
һϣúɫ˼ǺţȻѾЩ˵صץ
ļͷĿͬĪཱུھлʱԶ꣬ʮꡣĪཱུһӼͨңظļͷĿʵԼļƻ
˵˸ļͷĿ֮⣬˹ھʦĺ˶δ֪ĳࡣ
еЩ񣬲òһģһǵһС붼ˣļõ
Ϊֹ˶ûչ棬֪ôġ
̫ˣ
ʦɾ˵òϣ³çˡ
ϣ
ʱս˻һɧУͻȻͣ
Īүڴ˵ȺʱˣĪһˣ
ûĪཱུ׹һͻȻڶĪཱུɫѸٱò԰ޱȡ



1592 ƾ
һƺƴ˵ĿԾӵǿƵǳҽĺ˹ؽΪƪģҲʦ˾޴𶯡
еĺ˾֮󣬶ࡣھеʹر棬֪ĺˣڴһҪϸشƵɷΡ
͢ǱߣҲصݸҪеĺһͬʣͺһ۴ɶԺ˿Ϣ

ʦǣ÷ʥ֮С
ʦ֣
۱ϹϾڴ֮еͷ

֮һ̾ϢǷģǰҡҡͷ
һ֪𣿡
ʦָ㣡
Ķʧ֮ɫû˵ͷ­øˡԼʦ֣һֱĵ𾴡
һ֮Ի䣬ΪԴƵɷϤ֪ƸǵΪĹã㲻˾ϣġ
ҡҡͷٴοһеİġ
дǿȨӣȻΪѧ˵аħдģ߸׼ȷ˵ݸӵǷۣҲòϣľ֡ҲܹӮþʦյĻ
ˣȥʵ´ͬú÷˼ɣ
ӳ
֪
̬Ͽң仰ûб粵
ܿ˳š


һͻŸ˷
еŸ֮УһֻȭͷСӥһ·Խɽ룬ֱ˹ظԭȥԼ֮һ㣬ûƬԭ˹֮С
гһ˹еͲ
գ
һ죬뵵УһֻѸסֻȭͷСӥ
ȻˣƵı֮ԶûнǸˣȻô׶Ը˵ġ
΢ͷĿ¶˼⣬
⾩ʦֻȼ仰
Īཱུ뱻ץжʧܣ
ƺر⣬ܹɱ޵ˣôô׾ܹԸ˵ġ
Īཱུ벻Ȱ棬գټĺھʦʹſھۼʱʵѾעʧˣʧ˾Ҫۡ
࣬Īཱུô죿
ڴһĶСȴ˼Σոо˹佫ڵ
ˣѾжˡ
΢΢Ц

һƾնʦθ֣Ҳʵ۵лѡŴĻ£ͻʱȴԶݡ
ĸۡС
һϽɫ̴ľУһ˫ü壬ɽıʿϣߵʿȫۼһչޱȡ
ǽӵگҴҸϹģǴӸոյڣһֱһʱʱĻ߽Ｘ˭Ҳ֪Щʲô
˵˱ҲֻܳĬ
Ƭ֮󣬿ûжԼ˵Ŀȫ۵ɽıʿϣһѹҲ֮㼯ȥ
˵ⲻɽıʿȴһɫ԰ףͷ亹ˡ
ϲŭ޳˼ʱԤϣΪ鴥ŭ˶ѾߺѾ֪١
¡
ɽıʿ׳ŵӣ̽ŵ
Ȼû˵ڣоһϤ
Ƕˣ
Ͻɫ̴ľϣ֪ʲôʱ
£
˷׷׵ͷһɽıʿʱһĸо
£֪ǹʲô飿
ɽıʿС
мҪ齻ǣ
ͻȻڵôһƺҲࡣ
ǵڻʹſڣ䴩Ƶһֽƶһ޶ֻһܹڣҪǰҲ
¼ӡ̵ģЩӵĳҲֵײ

ƶһɣ̫ͬһλĴڡ˭ܹĳϣ˭ܹٱݺƥı¼ǿȨ
ӵǿ
ûȥ
ǹһжǾ޴ܣҪǣ̫ոƣӵܶ޷ΥĽ
һһĴƾȻڣÿһȥǲͣļӹ̣ʹΪƵɡţһרŴЩôոĻӻ
Һ˲ܾ֮ͬǰͲеľڣЩļһЩΥشǴĻӣһж˼ӡ
ԴӻʹȻм֪𰸣ȴֹأ޷ȫʩչֽš
ֻǵͷбô޷γվǰЩ˹
סζκε˿ĻһĲǣ

ǵ£
ܿƽ

ʱ仺ȥҹʦ¥˻̸ϴλʹǰ¼ʱʦѹֵġʦĸۡ⣬ӭһλˡ
飡
ոĺţһûʱ̣һɫıͷһֻ
ոһƬϢûСͷ·ľźһһ
ʦ𣿿ɣʦܾˣ
һͯľͻȻ֨ѽһ򿪡
ոڣһ龫ֵС̽ͷֻǿһۣһѽո֮С
ոһƬȻѾü棬ո廹ǵһ̤С

ĵһоȥոĺԺ֮УҶƬϡĻţһҶ
Сᣬǡ
忴һۣʶƳһԵСᡣ
ҵ£˵ҪЩҶһǵģʦ˵ˣһжҪ˳ӦȻҲ֪ʲô˼ˡ
Сͷʼ硣
Ȼ
üͷһ壬˼·뵽ʲôûȵϸеĺ壬оСߴٵ
߰ɣʦǰ뿪Լլӣ˵ˣص׼һƲ˵㣬ҿǺþûôˡ
΢𣬺ܿ챻Сǰȥ
ռҸۡѾһûݹϵĺᶼ߲ˡ
ˣΪƵĴ棬ս޲ʤ޲˵ǿڣĸۡԶеĴ֮ĸۡҪࡣ
Ǹݹʹ͵ģǰռҸۡѾôӴ󣬿֪۷ʱڵոǶôԺա
᷿ڼſή£ٴμӡһûƣҲûݵϺݻ
һۣһѰһһΣǰһżӵľľϷ˼СˣһյɫСɱ
ľмһյС͵ƣȼš
ֻһĻ;ʦ֮Ѱ˼κһ֮˼Ҳûκε𡣿ȫλ£պյĴƾ


1593 ָ㣡
ϣ
ǰ幪һ
ǴԼʦģ𾴣˿Լʦ
ˡ
̧ͷ΢΢һЦȻָָε
ɡ
ոǰûзģǶĵƺû˿⣬ִ֮ǰѾ׼һƲˡ
ǣ
幪һ񣬺ܿ
ĿɨǰСֻһһ±ţ⣬һˣԼϴμʱһ޶
Ŀӹֻ壬Լеһģһǲ֪Ϊʲôμϣĸоƺࡣ
ֻǵϸʱȴָоûκα仯
ϣԲǰڻʹǰʩչ˲
ܿعһǸ
ȻٱڴʼǸǳɵĴڡڹȥ֪жٻӻҪѧŹǱܾˡ
л˴ƵһЩҲʩչ֮󣬲һġ
ʣϴٵ鷳Ҳһǰոݷԭ
˵Ѿ֪ˡ
û˵꣬ɫƽƺ֪˵ʲô
ֻǿ飬ƺ˿ûֵ˼
ãҲҪ㣡
ʶ̧ͷò˵֮ǰѹû뵽ġ
ǰͽ̣
ܿع
ʩչĽöڵĹӦȫѧˣѾﵽ˺ܸߵľ磬Щûգʩչġ
˵ʱ̧ͷƳһۡ
ⷬϣһ漴׹ӿů
ʹǰ飬ΪԼǹçײˣǿϵӣԼǵ鷳û˿⣬ںԼеԼǷʩչ˲Ӧе
棬ȴƺûע⵽еı仯ʳжָһ죬һӦС
Ѹǰʩչ
忪ʼû⣬ֻۣɫ
еĿӲ˿ľͬѰ˻㣬ĸ֪УһȴκεĽҪء¡
ֹˣľҪͬȼǿö࣬ԸҲӵϸ¡еǸѾ仯һֶĿУϸ緢˿ĽеľŷռӶȥ
УеǸľѾֻǼ򵥵Ļ裬Ǻռ䡣
зûʹκһ
ôܣ
𶯣͵һ۾ڲʹκ£һľܺռ䣬Ѿڽ⡣
Ѿǲķ룬չֳѾ˹ķ롣
ˣ
𣿡
ϵָһգǸľͶڿһ

ϵʱ·ֹ԰еһж񲻶綼·ֹˡ
һ̣䣬ռ𶯣ϵͷû˿ףǿ֦ϵҶͻȻ𶯣еҶ˲ȫƮû䵽ϣͻȻ֮ɢһһƣͬͷ˿һƮ
һҶƬǰƮ䣬һɲǣ忴ЩҶƬпڹ⻬羵ͽиЧһģһ

ϵ͵ƣҡҷһΣо𺳡
һָݺᣬߵһձ˺ˣҲ˿⣬ֻǻһӣûκεĽֱš
֮Уʲ۽硢ʶΪѾﵽһµĲΣԪһˣҲĶ֡ǰչ¶һ֣Ϊ򣬴ޣ嶼ʴﲻ
ôܣ
ҲʱϸǰͻȻһ飬屶ͬȼ۷۹󽫵ʵӦѾԿ̽Ϊ磬Ȼʵǣȴּڣɺͳʱһģһһ˿书ͨˡ
ǾɵӶ֪ƵĴһʲôͨˡ
ˣ
ҲʱһͻȻʲô
֮ǰֻǾãʱϸ鿴ֻǰϢޣ˺ǰΣҶصҶոԺΧĿռ䶼Ϊһ塣
ĸӦУһƬҶһӣһʯһƿ֮綼Ϊһ塣
ʦ˵ˣһжҪ˳ӦȻ
ڤڤУС˵ǷԺһɲǣ·ʲô
оν˷أط죬취Ȼܹ˳ӦȻеС֮Ρ
δ䣬ͷϷһ֦ϣ֦ѾͻȻһӦ۶ϣȻѸҷֻһգۣʧںҹС

ͬʱ󾪺˰׿⣬ӰӺԺĽзܾͬӰ㷭ΧǽѸʧ档
ϣ
Ŀһ⼸˵Ϣ
ˣʣԼĵ黹ǷˡʹǰԼʩչһֽע⣬ɳ˱Ǳոд̽ʵ
ϣȥǼ£
һҪȥ׷ϱϡҶϼأȴкܶļɵñۿϵ鴫ҶУ»С鷳
ˣ
ҡҡͷڲֻȥıϻ벻⡣
Щ飬ҲãϷһˣʲôüɵġ

ϡ
Ȼ󻺻
ʱ䲻࣬ϸ˵ֻһν㣬Ҳһν㡣

ԣæΣһͽܣСʦͽ֮ϸϣϵ²ˣҲûд̫书
֪ڵĻжôѵá
סԽԽãҰͣڹǲֻϵĴ컯ǿֻԴ
ĿУһָһ̣һͷ˿ҪϸĽϵָŷ
һۣ廹ûпʲôǵ˳ŽķͷϷʱֻƱͷ˿ҪϸĽһ·ֱϣȻգһֱû뵽ϷڰĲ
⣡
򵥵һƽ˿˫۴жɲ
Ѱ߽ܴﵽٳѾ൱ˣּߣ˿Զܹﵽ߰˰ףһǧףϵƽ˿޾һֱͨأྡྷ
ڽŷĹУеĽƺûг˿ģֱ˼飡
൱һͨ˽һʯͷӳһ


1594 춯
ʲѾɹ¾ȼǿľѧҲѾ¯࣬ǣ¶һ֣ڵʵҲȻ
ǰ
ޱȣֱʱŸоλһٶĴϾʵʵΪԶκ˶Ҫĸöࡣ
ʱոĺԺнƽ⣬Ҳûˣ֪ʲôʱСᶼ뿪ˡ
һޱԼıѧһһʩչڸ塣
ƴ磬һ峨š
ʱ仺ţһֱӽʱ֡
ˣܽѾȫˡԺͿԼˡ
ϵ͵ƣ֪ҲͽݣƻҲð̧ͷϡ¶һ˿ƣԽǺƴѧԽʽڵʱԽľ
һ彲˽ţںܶ˵һӶԴġ
лʦ
վһ壬οһЦ廹ǸĿڣһʦ
߰ɣҲЩˡ
˰ֵδ䣬ܿվȥ
һֱĿʧոۡУתȥ
תͷɲǣ˲Ϣ貵ĽâͺĽڽһֻһ˲գһ۾еһжʱʧ
ʦ֡
ҪӺ뿪ʱͻȻһ֮ǰʧС᲻֪˳վھԶĵط
ڻʹǰʦǹĶԲԣ
һɲǣʱ·ֹ¶һǺܿ죬ͻعͷСᣬ¶һ˿Цݣ
ǣ
ϣڻʹǰŴӺ棬ʩչȷȷʵʵΪ֮
뱲ӣһϵʱ䣬Ϊ̫ڵһ仰ԼĸۡУϥŮĲҲѲϵ
һΪһڷ̫ˣû⣬״̬һֱȥΪΪľΪ۹¹ͣȹգⲻӦĽ֡
ʱۣ̫ڶѾΪ˳һ˶ѾˣǰֺαΪ֮ǰһԼˡ
һǹʹӿԴ˱߳լۡ
ԭʦҲһ
ԤϣСĻûظһҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ʦ֣θɵĲʦǱ߾ͽˣİɣ
С¶һ˿Цݣܿ죬Ŀ뿪ˡ

ʱһȥʦΪĻع飬첨ʱңԶıԽͥҪһ·߰ͻʴԭһƬߣ̡
ΪƺͶͻʽŵĹϵƬԭϽţʱܱսΪ˷ɳѲ߶֣żһݵȴҵĳͻ
ųִ֣ƳãҺ͸ǩһϵкƽЭ飬˫ͺܾûбͻˣƬԭҲ˻ָѵõƽ
ʱ˿̣һ΢ӱƮ֪Ϊʲô͸һֺ⣬ƺ֮ʱӺ䡣
壡
֪˶ãһսӱƮֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һͻʵųһݶӣ
䣡
Ϊ׵һͻһߴ֣һ߹ܡ
춳ɱˡ
һͻҲŸ͵
̫ˣûһĶô졣˵һЩ䣬ĸѾˣкüҲ˲ţ򡣰ǰһȥ̩ǱѾѩ⣬һı˪Ǹĳϻ˵˼ʮ꣬ܵȥԣôĴѩ⣬⻹ǵһΡ
һͻһ˵ţһ߽˽ϵƤӡ
ֹˣǰʱ䣬ҵõϢʮڴϲǨҪ֪˶Щ̣һӲ뿪Լأ˭ǵأͺ˭ƴϴοɺȰǣ˵һֵظǣǰǨȴһھֱܾ˼顣
һ԰ͻʱ䣬ԭϷ˲ٹ£Щڹȥʮ궼һΡ
ͲЩʦһߵĺܽдʲô𣿡
һͻȻڵһ̵
һ˲䣬еͻͣһ˫˫Ŀ׷׾ۼ棬ϲ˫ϱ鲼ۣһ׺֮ͻ
֪ЩʦǶ߶߶˵ʲôˣˣ֪ʲô˼ЩһǸԼĶӡ
ԼĶӣһ׺
䣬ԭϵʳﲻжʼʳˡÿֻܳԵֱ뻹ǲʰ
ǰǰ
һ仰˷׷׸͡
첲šȣôʲô취
һͻɫε
ߣ꣬һǲǴ⣬Ա㣬ھȻֻܳԸֱֱǳ裡ҪЩǩʲôƨƽЭ飬Ӻ󳷼ף̶ûô䵽ֵز
һĲʡ
ǰϱߵЩǿǸͣʱǼҼһһǴ⣬ʳɣһƽûֻܸɵۿţ
һͻҲɫ׺ݣ
٣˭˵ֻܸɵۿţ
ʱͻȻһЦһ׷Ťͷѭ˹ȥֻǰĿ࣬źɫףһխմѪɱ˵ͷˣ¶һ˿صЦݡ
ˣ˼ǡ
һȺͻ׷ŤͷԼĶӳĿڴ
ٺ٣ǩ˺ƽЭôѲɣܻǶӲɡ˲Ҳо仰𣿽ɺ
ͻͷ
ˣʲôӣ˵
һȺ˰಻ס
ٺ٣ģǡ
ͻͷһЦ
ǰ죬ǵѲʱһ˵ĴǺܽǵ˿ǰѴĶսֻҪٶȿ죬֪ٺ١
ͻͷû˵ȥһȺ˵۾ȴͻȻˡ
ͻȻЩˡ
һͻͻȻڵһɲǣܼž˶·ʲô࿴һۣ漴¶һ˿Цݣһ͵һųһУѸԽ߽ߣϷƵضȥ

ʦ֮УҸۡһ鷿
ϥϰɫڣû֡
ͬɫ̺ǵĽɫ㣬ÿһɫĹ㶼˸ޱȣͬʱ̺ĸо
ʱĹȥɫĹԽԽ࣬ɢҲԽԽǿҡ
Ƭ֮󣬹âһ֮ڣձã˲Ϣ䣬ռ𶯣һֽɫĴͼ˲ܣһʥĽɫӳյͬ㡣
Ѿǵˣ֪ܲܳɹ
鷿УаͷԺУ̫޼ԪɹķھԺзӶ


1595 Ӧ֮صĽ裡
ڵµһ湦ڵ߾֮Ѹתһȴ糤Ӱˢˢڸ
䣡
Ƭ֮һľ죬ĳصĹ϶ʱӦһ̣ӰãȻ¶һ̻ԻͣϺƵĽɫ¥
ʮ죡
İһֱͣǱڳ޳µһĿ湦ϸȥ屳ʮһ㣬˵һĶʮ㣬ǺȣҲһЩࡣ
˵ܹʮ죬ѾԼɹ˴ɹķſѧҲˡ
ʮʱ䣬ܹķѾ൱ˣڵϢȴûֹͣ
׼ʱһŨĽɫȫϸУŷ㼯ľ֮С
ˣƬ֮һĵڵ¥֮󣬽㣬գ֮䣬һ¥Ȼ͡
죡
ĴɹһɲǾȻٴξһﵽ˵صľ硣

չصһۣ˲Ϣȫ罬ֻһͰȫ·ʪ͸ˡ
ǰ
ʯ䣬ԺиֳɾӰ
һǣӿǹɽɫԼģǴɾںͻɽ֮ǰһָڵġ
ЩǿȫתϵǱܣ֮Уһת
ɾĽ֣вЩ˸СȻʹɾֻһ֮Ե֮ǰҲйĽǶԼɾԺ޶⣬ǡǡ෴һҪĶͳͳڸԼ
ֻǡ
뿪ǰһɲǣرɾͻ񻰼ﶼ˵صףһֱ뿪嶼ûиоɾϢ
ϣһаðɣ
а
ȻӴɾȥǰ˵ǷֻѾ׶༪ˣûпɾȥһ˿ϣϣɾɻš
ˣʱһͻȻ⴫

һѸٻع鷿ľƿһϤٻӰӳ
ˣ
Ŷ٣΢΢һЦ̬˲١
ˣ
ٵ
ֻЦһЦһ
ֵƳһۣȻŮнӹëϴһ¡
һӶͷ˲ʹƣУһɵ̧ͷǰ١
ʱٴȻٱøӶˣͬǰĨٻӰʵ鶯ƺʲô¶ˡ
˵ڷһǺü죬ҲԣҲȣȻҲҪע塣ԺҿɲˣΪĵ﷢š
ٲ֪룬ϸϸĸźЩ΢΢
˭ֺҵ״ˣ֪Ĳǣ
΢΢һЦҪеëס
Ȼȴ룬Ƹոո£΢ͱС
΢΢һһȾĨΣŲгǷɫָƺ
ɰ
ĶŪ٣ģЦˡ
ҡҡͷ𻹴¶ȵëϵĺˮɣ·ʲô鶼ûзһ
ʲôʱģ
̧ͷ
ϣΪʱŽ㡣
ٵ
˵ͷȥͬģҲھʦ֮С
ΪܳĺŮ֮ǰʱѾһж׵ЩģȴǳҪ飬ȫٴ
ϸ뿪Ѿˡ
ôˣ
ʵ
֪ʲô˵£ҲЦݡ
һ˳˵֪ؾһ棬ٻһҪ飬㱨Ľչ
Ӧ֮ҪĸԴǳصíĸԼĹʵںܾ֮ǰҾѾʼˡǺ͸һЭһ˵ĹѾ¥ʮǰڽֺһĸۿڳӦ֮ء
ƵЩӽˮһʮ˴ӽˮҲһ˴֮ӦþͻύЩӦ֮شΧֲ
һɫ
ʦǳҪ֮Ҳؼʱ򣬵ȴʱ˳ȥЩ
Ȼûϸ˵һָоıһǳҪ顣Ӧòսйء
ֻ岻˵Ҳȥʡ
⣬֮ǰյϢӦ֮ѾһǳصĳΣ˹ȥİշҪãû⣬߰˸ңƬ֮ػһǵĳǳء
ţ
Ե˵ͷ
Ӧ֮ƻзǳҪһֻһлǹʱٺͱȥ飬ټ˾ԴԴ͹İգӦһʧ̫ƫ
֪ͨǵĸңǴоϸѡһǱĵӣ֮һȥЩҵĵһ˹ȥԺӦ֮ĸ֯ЩԼɣｨһ¯δϣһ׵ĹģӴĸϵͳ

ţȥ
ĵ˵ͷ
Ǻңϣһᶼǳ档
⣬֮ǰίиҽĴ֣ڶ׶εҲѾȫɣ˸˶ܹĴ֣һЩƧĵطҲѾܼ֣Щÿһиõ屶С
֯һ֧չ飬ڲӰ£ӸչʳֻǴƣɳչ飬뵽˸ң߾ʳ֧ԶĵطڴΧչʳ
ķԸҵһЩĹʼһЩͷ취ѹƳɹɣ˹ЩչļǺܳ졣
˵ͷ˵˿ϣǳƽټ٣ؼѣﻯɻҽʳֲѾΪܡ
ʳĴ漼ΪҪ
еѻûб߾ʳƣһЩѻԣ˵һȽϸԣ
ʱǴʳûᣬ崫ڸǵȻǹͷֻּ֮ǰδйҲֻ֪ţʳУȻܷⱣ档
󣬾ͿʱĹԼˡ
ƽ𣿡
ٴʵ
չʳ֣ҪĽǮЩǱҪǡ
㹻ˣĻƽû˿Եֵջ󡣾ǴʳǱߺ͵۹񣬵ɳ֮ûƽȥȻõԴԴϵʳⷽʳ˵ţȶͻʺĻҪࡣ
ٰе鶼㱨һ飬Ѧǧڶ޺ʮϵĽչЩжҪ֧šô飬һ˸Ӧ
ҲֻλŮܴӦԣܰһаŵþ
Ľչ彥˳˼
ʱͻȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲһɲǣٷ׷Ťͷ˹ȥֻſڣȸһͷײ˽
ڵˣȸһ
Ҳڣ
ȸʱæңһš
ҡңߣ
ȸô£
΢΢üˡ
һԵҲΪ֮ݸ
̸һЩҪ
䣬ٱ뿪˷䣬ܿʣȸ
˵ɣ׳ʲôˣ
ʵ


1596 Ұŭ
ү֮ǰɳ֣̽Ķرǵıó𣿡
ȸֹ
Ȼ
üͷøˣüһ˿á
֮ǰ֮ʱź͸̶ƺһþʼǲţر֯һ֧ѵ򣬸оĶ飬ȥ̽鱨ͬʱҲǼලǷϸİЭó˱
ĲȸǣҲͷԸ漰񣬱ɾ£ֹ
׳ʲô£˵
ǣү
ȸһϣæԼ֪Ϣ˵˳
ողյӵϢžڼǰǵ鶫ͻʶʱ򣬾ͥصһƬ߾зһׯǸϹȥʱ򣬷Ǹׯİٿȫ¾ɾׯһջΪҽֳǷͻӡǡ
ȸ˵͵͵һۣһŵ
⡭ǵ˲̽һֳҲ̶ãлиСʬҲȫսˡ
䣡仰𣬶̧ͷ˫֮бŷ˾Ĺâ
˵ʲô
үû⣬Ӧͻ˺Э飬߽ˡ
˵䣬ȸͷͷĸˡ
һƬžȸܹоһɿµϢͬ籩һ㣬ϱһĻȸϤˣŭǰס
磡
⼸֣Ϥˣͻ壬˷ҲͰˣȻһʳȱͻ£Ĵɱ¾ӣʳ
ⱻΪ硣
ͻ˵УϷԭһֻ˶ķһӶʱͻῪʼǣչѾɲܶӶҪɱһˡ
Ҳԭÿһǿ󣬶취ͻԭ򡣱رߣҲĪĹϵ
Ż͸̸ǩһϵеĺƽЭ飬屾ΪұίߣЭڣӦòڷʲôֵ̫顣
û뵽ͻһƺ̸һ滹顣
ʵƺ͸̸ϴҸԳ̲þչʾ⡣˽£СִһֱûжϹҲǶûзչֵزҲûôˡ
ǵ˷ʱҲ൱𾪡
ȸͷԽԽ͡
鷿žšһɲš
ôãȸˣ޵ľЩܱߵĺˣ޵ľЩڽ֮󣬻Ʊ¾
κһƽ춼޷̵ġ
꣡
һͻȻУȸ̧ͷŻȻ岻֪ʲôʱ˫ȭսָؽڷһžžĴ죬Ϊ΢΢ס
΢΢ͷȻ˫գȸȴܸоһϢĿֲϢɢ
飡֮ڣҪϸϢ
ֶǧ֮
Ÿ˷λᣬսŭ½綼Ϊ֮
ƱԵش˲Ϣ֮䣬ӵ巢ŭǹɺ⣬Զ߰ǧıܸо
ţ½½ϢӸ۶׷ӿ뵽ĸۡС
Ϊսʥ׷Ѿۼһ֧Ӵս鱨ռﵽ˼侪˵ĵز
ƾźɺ֮սУջľ޶⳥һЩͻҲ뵽ԼĳС
ܿ쾭ϸĿ죬ԼϢͻڲϢȷϣ֧μжׯܹ48ˡ
֧ɱ¾֮ѾǸׯһдʳȫ˶С
鱨λһ֧ͻʰǧеפ뱱ƽԼ߰
Ƿܣڰǧ˵ĶУѾܡ֧СӵоͻҲ˿ֵ˼
ǣͻǱߣ˶ΧѲߣƺǵĴƵķӦ
ԭϵͻڶʮ⣬ûпͻǰȥѯʣͻԼô˵Ǻˡ
ڲ̽ĹУĳ˺ܴѣˣӻԲ
꾡Ϣϵ¶ÿһʦеŸ붼ﵽʮ֮ࡣ
Ϣϵػ㼯ǰǧ˵ͻʶϢҲԽԽơ
֧ǧ˵ľԭһ֧ȷƺͻʺ̸˫ԡþͻʾ֮ЩУսеͨͳͳóȥ
µ֧ǧ˵ľӣ֮ͻսǿһЩ
⣬͸ͻڲһ̵Ϣǧ֮Уһ֧ǧҵӡ
ݴ̽Ϣ֧ǧ˵ľӣƺͻʵɳ޿ɺפġ֧ʮ˵ͻС֮Եô󣬸ԽɱˣҲкܴĹϵ
ǽӵʳͽǮ൱һֶ͸֧ǧ˵顣
ЩϢɫԽԽҲԽԽѿ
£ӾʦһֱңԶеĲоϢƵ춯һֱעҲо˲
ֻһܣӵ³ڹ֪ƻߵ˶ˣ˵ˡ
жĵʮ죬һ벻Ϣڱը޴Ĳ
һרڸչó׵̣ھӵʱ䷢˴еĲ״Ϣڸ֮д˺ܴĿֻš
Ȼ󲨡
鿪ʼʱ򣬻кܶ˵Ǵ丽ᣬԶﴫ
ϾԭϹϢݲͨ˭Ҳ벻֮һ˳ڱصĴʷԩģע⵽Ұ
ԭǱɱĴˣΪǰؼʡף׼ڣӹһ١ȵʡ׻ŸƵ⣬صеʱ򣬲ŷһĻ״
ǸҲһҸİȫ¾ɾܵ˼Ĵ̼Ǹ˱ɢͷֳţŰɫТһߵӴ֮һݵ˴ʷС
ǼʱѾǻľѪϻһӣװŴ˵Ĺǻҡ
һֱߵ˴ʷ󱱵صĴʷΪֹ
˾޴ĺ䶯˿ߵˣ޲Ϊ֮ᡣ
ȸĻر鷿һƬžѹޱȡ˿ҳ
飬֪ͥ𣿡
ͷͻȻڵ
Ӧ֪ˣ
ȸС
ô˵
ŵ
ͥʱûʲô󶼻˼˳Ҳûվʡ
һԵǸŻظ
ÿ˶ܸо̺һŭ˭Ҳ֪Щʲô
ȸʰ˼˳ʲôǴ󶼻ʲôΪ֮һСׯˣͥʮҪã


1597 Ϣɢʦ𶯣
䣡
һ䣬鷿˻һ𣬶ʱһƬţ
ͱͥ󶼻˼˳֮ûֱϵģݣ˵֤ⷬѾŭ˼㡣ͥǸб߻ְģǾڰ˼˳Ƥ·飬ͥڶûжΪŭġ
⣬͢Ǳô˵飬ܵ͢ʲôûз𣿡

͢ȻҲʾŭ˵ۻԳ͢壬ͻɳ޿ɺдһţǴ飬ڳϣ˼ƺͻʵĴ֣ȫѹ´¡ԣ˱֮⣬ʦʱûϢ
ǵԱߣ
ߣѹ𣿡
һɲǣĿȫɱ糱
İٶˣڴƺͻʺƽĴ󱳾±ɱˣ۵ķӦȥһšǴ𡱣Ȼȫ֣һѹ£Զ޷ͬĵطҲԶ޷Э
ѪֻѪϴˢ
ֻ뵽ʹЩ޼ɵſŰͻˣԼеѧѵ
еϢȫھʦ¶⣬ׯ׽ӵʦѾ֪ˡִﾩʦ֮ǰһԼǸ¾ĴׯһڴƣŻڲ죬ҵҪϣ˭ԣ
һ仰бɱ⡣
ǣ
һɲǼ䣬鷿У˾һȻӦǡ
¡
ĳռϢɢȥңԶıĲҾھʦдɲǼ䣬ʦȻ󲨡ɵӰ죬ǰ塢ۣԼڣͳͳû뵽ġ

²¸УһֻŸӿкХ£ʣĹģյŸ룬ֻǴ򿪿һۣ۵ɫʱò԰ޱȡ
ʦ֮УȻ󲨻ڷ͡
ЩȻ飡
͢أΪʲô͢ڶûж
԰꣬ų͢һֵġ
ǴƺͻҪսļ𣿡
ʣʱ˵ֻʱ𣿡

ͷβ¥ۺִ޴ڡʦǴƵİ˵ʶ϶һ𺳺ͳ
еľʦգۺųġ´ͬ˻ɡ
ڴ֮ǰֻǾʦգ󲿷ִڶۺŶǷǳֵ֧ģԱ֮ŻǿȨҲΪ顣
ԭΪֻҪƺ͸ǩ˺ƽЭ飬ô˫ͻӴ˺ƽսҡ
ûдܱ߸вȻҲòźķѴĹ͡ݡȥ͸ս
ô꣬ڱ߾ϵսʿҲ˼սĸԴ
Ǳ¼ȴеһԸ˺һѪܵĿӣ˿һеıʡ
һֽƽЭ˴ưգİٿѪܵĽѵ
ߣȥ²£һֱ˵´ͬ𣡴ҺһȥΣһҪЩ߾ȥһ
һ¥УһʦԽ˵ԽŭȻһ֣ʧľʦգ²¸ȥ
ʦУӵģĪڸˡڴ֮ǰһֱôϵĿݣھʦΪΪķþʦѸٱ΢ܶ˶࣬ǰô
壡
²¸УһеһԣŸ˷۾
ôϢ꾡ڳϵõĻҪϸһ㣬ֻˡòϣһ֣ȷʵĲ裬һֽͷöĸо
﷢飬ܲŭͬǴƵܲ
飬Ʒûκ֤ݣܲ͢ΪЩׯµӡͻʿս˹޻أ
֮˽˲ͬǱ뽲֤ݵģ׮ҰǼʮͻЩͻΪһ֮˽˾ܵƱ߾磬һСɾӵΪܴͻʰ
ѵΪİٶˣһսǧʮ
һϵ񻯣˫Աﲼرʱ򽫻иĴ緢ֹһĴׯʱ½ʮٸǸĲҾ緢
֮Գ´ͬΪ˱ֶ
˲֪ҲͰˣѵҲ
һǣзŭѡ
ҲǱߵķӦӾϢһоѾ¶˾ġΣҪЩͻһݺݵؽѵԶôĺ
ʱ˿̣Ҹۡ鷿УеĲۼһ
ˣЩλѾ
ȸһŴıͼ̯Ȼһ֧СڵͼѸǡ
ܵӰ죬бϰЯֱЯͼȡǰͳɳ̣£һרŵĲŸƸͼ
һ仯ͻǱӦҲյϢ֪ھ˺ܴӰ죬֧ԭǧ˵Ĳֲ˲֣ӵһ
⣬ͻʵı߷ǳƵÿ첻ҹͥвٺ˵ûӦǵıͥǱֹ߳ˣΧҲ˲αװḷ́ܶŸҹͣشͻʡߵıԴضģֻҪǵĴƶǾͻ
֧ͻʾӣʱণѾ˾䷶Χͨͻ˵ĸڣֻҪǷ˽ӽ»󳷣Զǧ
ڵηǳ֣֧ʮ˵һֱһǧ˵ĴӪУҪԸһǧ˵ͻûǧϵֻ֣ǣôĿ꣬￪Ѿǰˡ
һԲ͸һ˿ǵɫ
һ˲䣬䶼˼ž
飬ڹע£ͻҲǿ˾䣬ҪԸͻʣѶȱĻҪöࡣ
ΨһĻͻǱΪϣؿڣͰѾӳˣΪ˵ġˣڻлᣬͲһˡͻǱߺܻܿ壬֧ӵߡ
ȸһԲʱʱԼУҲΨһĺϢˡ
һǧ˵ԼӴͻפװװǰ⣬һ㣬޷ʵֳͽͻ˵Ŀġ
һ䣬˷׷壬ȴ

۾˼ãڿڡ


1598 Զһ
ȱİ־ԸߣеΣնǣԼ񣬲ҹӦõ⣬е飬صĳ򣬲ԭϵͻʶĿҲжѣҲܵжôǿʮ֮ڣҪû˿¾˶κδۣߣԶ
һ仰䣬
ǣ
У˺ȻӦǣȻѸȥ
ѸΪ֮𵴣󲿷ֱشҲ֮ӿ

Խͥһ·߰˰̵ͻʴԭӰ飬ۼһΧӪʴӪӪ֮һ˸˴ͻʵĺǴ졣
ХЩͻ˵սҲ졣
ʹƾʦԼصıϢͬʱ˿̣ƬͻӪȴܣЦƱƱײｻڶ
Ⱦƣ⣡
˾ѬƵ⣬ϸ壬˵ΪҪѬҹ
ôɣ

ʱ˿̣ƬӪصһϵ̵ͻɢͷ̻¶ţжһֻʢˮĺ룬һЩͻΧ𣬴ʹ
ǺȾƵĺ벢ͻʳõ룬ǰɫϸɣȾһЩɫĻơϸȥͻᷢмͻĺ滹һЩɺԵѪĿġ
Щͻȴ⡣
ϧˣΪ˲ţЩ˵ŮͳͳɱˣҪȻܴӪһ档
һͻɫźĸпһ߳žƣһذ״ϴŵĿһ飬ͽУƳš
һΧ˲䰲ͻһ˵ŮƤϸ壬˶֪ģǽ̬ҲһͻŮûеζ
ֻǿϧڵŮڴƷѬ£ǳĸңǸׯŮӷҲǳңټĹ˼ɣȫɱˡ
ˣٹ죬ľҪ𣿲ŸոճһͷʱͰǳߣ뻹Щʰ
ʱһͻͻȻڵǲʡ
ʲô취˵֮ǰ¾ǸӱˡǻǴˣӡȻǴ⵽Ǹɵġ˵ڴƾʦȻ󲨣λע⵽ǡΪǱܷͷ׼ʱǻĵط
棬̻¶ŵͻʶӳڵ
ⷬ˶ʱĬ˲١֧¾İٶˣһѻׯƺܱ𵴵ͻǡ
飬ڴƾʦĲҲšͥԼϱߵķŭǵǺںɵֻλ
һ˴ʳ۹۱ɱҶǶǴ󽫾˼Уµͻ֮һ˹ȫûҷＴԶҲǸܵ޴ѹ
ˣ˵ǱҪԸǣǱҲڵǡǰʱ䣬˵Ѳߵĳӷ֣һиòİɣ
һͻǵǵһ仰˵˲Ϣ䣬˷׷Ťͷڶӳ
ǸׯǶӳ·ʱ˻ֽţ˲ɷ׷ԼĶӳ
ŵģƵ۹ʮǧǸԶڴƾʦѲԶԸǲɣ룬֪˭𣿶ң֤˭˵Щɱģ
ûڴȾƣ⣬Щͨͨ˵ģѵЩͲǴ𣿴Ʋһϲ͸óǿǵȻҲ򡣡
ӳĶƤЦĿɨΧԼĲ£ǼЦ
ſİɣͻʵӥ飬ͥǱ߸ˣһǴսرսǱߣǷɳһֻӣҲܷ֡
ǣ˵ȱҪԸǣ
ͻȻһС˵
СϢѴ÷з˵һĺ䷢ֵģ˵ǴƵļһ֧ľӣǡٻ޴ӡ֤ϢѾͻʴˣͻʵЩҲΪ
СϢҲҲӣڵ۹ǻҪżͨĵ·ؿһһѲߵʿ٣˵ϷŵӥҪ˹ǻ᲻֪ңҪӪؿһˣҪԸǣ˲ã˶ĻǻֲᷢˣԷſİɣʲô¶У
ͻʶӳץһܵȣã
˵ЩţûôóԡЩͻʵȫͬȻһЩϣǱһζ
ӳĻֿãԵ졢ֶͣ϶Ĩһѣһӷ
ʲôˮڣң˭һͽͬͬ⡣
ʱһƲӵͻƺ뵽ʲôͻȻЦ
һȺܣЦڶӪףĳǣԼһŵ˵ĺ룬ŵ˵⣬ͷ㣬иըĸ㡣
ٴοһǰ̻¶ţںĶӳʮе塣
Ǹİٶ˵ĴׯڻһǳḻΪ˰ЩԻȥǿһǧƥսÿƥս϶ʳʮһȺ˲ŰЩȫԻ
һ֮󣬶ӳɵĽ׸˴ӪְɵĻ׸ͷ죬ֵֻɣʱ˻󲻽⣬ʱΨĵ
ܣӪ¶Ǵνûκε飬Χصرֱһ㣬ЩҪԸǣҲǳ롣
ণ
˵ʱʱ죬ｻʹڵʱͻȻһ߿ļХϷһɲǼ䣬ͻʴӪΪ֮һӪصıߣͻʶӳжʢҺĺ룬Ҳʶ̧ͷֻϷһֻͻʵĴſ˫ᣬŴӪķ
ͻʴңԶı߲׽ѱĽ鼫ͣ˫Ӳ֣һЩģڴֵС˶ϣԱͻرѵΪĶĿ
ֽǿеİ˶ͻʵ۹͸߾ĺ࣬ûʲôܺƥСǴʱ˿̣˿ķֻӶϷĽɫֻ̣еʱƺЩˣѰ


1599 Զ
ֹˣͻѵһ׵ġԡͬĽŲͬ壬Ľ̴٣͸һɻŵζǷʲôˡ
ô£ôôǱ
ѵӥ˺͵ĳأôӥɻˣȴӰ
ոջһƬڣЦͻʴӪͻȻӿһɲգžԵر̶
Ǳܵģÿ˶Ԥеˣֻлڲš
˴ڵĴӪΧҹͣѲߣɢȥĶĿɢ߰ʮ⣬Բķʲô顣
ণ
˵ʱʱ죬лһ˿ϣʱ򣬵ڶ߿ļ֮ɢͬʯһ㣬֮໹Ҫ߿Ķࡣ
ݣֻƲϷһֻͽСԶûнôӴķȻ֮Х£ʯһڽٶȣ͵һͷ˰еĽ
ɲǼ䣬ֻһֻ˷Ľʱʯͷһ㣬Ӱֱͦͦĵһ׹ڵϡиը衣
ˣ
ôһɲǣӪһƬžʱ䶼·һ㣬һ̣һӪһƬڡͻĶӳҲ۾˻һһ㣬͵شӵϵ
Ϯ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ˶𣬵ȴǴӴӪڴġھӪ߰˰׿ĵطһͻѪ߰ߣһƥսɫ̼˵ķ
һ߱ܣһ߼󺰣һ̣ণֻһ̶Хû˷Ӧһ֧Ӻ󷽷ֻһ䴩ͻ塣ƲЪڴһ󶴣һһ˴Ӫеᦡ
飡
촫ϵͻͻȻ֮Ʋһͬһʱ䣬ͻʴӪϵᦣҲӦϡ
䱸ȫ䱸
ͻȻ֮䣬һ̼Ĵͬһ㣬ͻʴӪϿա
ԭڻЦͻʴӪ˲һƬңܶ巭ˡȾô룬ڱܵʱ˵ϣϣƬҵضǡ
һǧ˵ͻʴӪ˲ণѸٳԼĸλִȫ䱸ǲ
ֻƬ̣Ӫɭϣ߸ߵϣһŴһͻ乭ܣǲ
¡¡
ֻʱ䣬غɸһҵĶ
쿴
һͻڱվϣָһС
𺳵ĿУһ֧ɫĸһſƺƵԾ˵ٶȳڵĴӪӭ˵Ŀ⣬ԵĿУһ˻ɫս죬дһ֣ҹ衣
ⲻܣ
ͻʴӪı֧ͻĶӳΧʿ֧ƾճֵĴƾӣ۵ĲšǱͥ˶˴ߣһһأɢĶĿܼҲ֡
ôĶĿϿеķݣȻȫ赲סЩˡ
֧ƵľӼֱһû˿ףôƾճ˵Ƥ¡
ͻʴӪţĽ׼ЩˣЩȫ޷̶ֹ֧ĺڼ
λǺ³ʣ
ʱһ쳹գͬһͻʴӪϿջ졣
ͻʴӪĵģ˭Ҳû˵һ̣Ǹٴֻһλͻ
ʲôˣͻʴǰ
ʱͻȻһȴûȵ³ʿڣͻʴӪصϲȺֿһ׳˶𺣬ǳ׺ݵͻ佫Ͽһ󵶣ȻӪ˳
˭Ǻ³ʣ
Ȼ˵ͷͺûһ֮ǰĻٴظһ飬ޱȡ

ʷ²ȻŭΪͻʺǴǰ棬ʷҲͰ˼˳ıͥεĶսûһ֧Ӹǰ˷رǴӰʷµĽǶȥ֧˵ĴȻƲǴϿ಻İˡ
ӪأһǧˣǶԷʮôˣҲǰ
ʷָһ£˸ƣһ̣ݣ֧Х߸ߵϵ
ΪǾľ񣬰ʷµĽʿвͻ֧֡ٶȸǿ쵽˼㣬֮֮βϳİɫպֻۣһգ۾ʹգ˵Ĵƽ켲ȥ
䣡
Ȼֻ죬֧ͻûпͱ֧У֧мԣײһըɷ顣

ͻʴӪһ󾪺пһĻͻʿ޲¶𺳵ɫʷ¶ɵƤһʱΪ֮ݡ
ÿһͻֶѵֻˣҲǿ󣬵Ҫзе֧󣬶һϸСļⲿֶ֣
Էļֱŵĵز
Ȼûȵʷ¶룬һ̣ĸ߸ϣոջ֧ͻ֣ͻȻԱһ֧С֧Ͼ޴׳߷ݰڵϣ˲һϢޡ
ԶĴУϵˣչ
һ˲䣬ʷµɫѿޱȡ
쵰
˫ȭս죬û˸ǰţЩ˼ֱǵ졣
еͻţǴµıƵ۹һİ˵ĴׯѾ֪ͽǡڣһʱ֮ڽ³ʺвµͻ˽
һʱûп˶Ƶ۹ŭΪ˸ۣ
Ϊ׵Ĵƽ˵仰ͣһ£дƵĺڼͬʱһХȥһݣʧ˵Ұ֮С

ХӪкս춼Ե趯һǣӪȴѹ֣һƬš
˵ʵλһսɳ˱ΪǸĴׯֹһ·ϲôķߣеķûһá
֧˵ľӣһ·֮Ǹ˵Ǿ仰
һɲǣÿжܵһ𺳺Ϳ־塣
ˣ
ͻʴӪıӪأһȺ¾˴ׯͻɫ԰ף׷ǰĺ³ʡ
ǼһֱΪ֪ûκε֤ݡáǱҲӦòô졣Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽̶ֻʱ䣬ԷȻһ֧á
зĻֻһԶھʦĴ鵽ڵĴӪѾˣǶԷֹ鵽³ʵֶ֪
ǽʻӪ֪ǵ֡


1600 Ȼ
ģû£
³ǿ򶨵ʱҲһ˿ûڣΪֻǴ˸磬û£ǰս˱ȥˣ˭Ҳû뵽鷳
Ҫ֪Ϊֶӻ鷳ȥˣʱ˵ʲôˡ
ˣ³ʵҲûȫ˷硣
ȱţڴӪһǧ˱Щ黤壬һȫһʮҲԲһǧ˵Ķ֡Ȱһϣȵ죬ú󷽵ĴӦ뿪ڽȥһ°ʷ´ˣһҪǿ䱸ΣЩ˿
³ʵⷬ˵ţ˵ĿУ³Ų󲽳˧Ӫķȥͦļᶨ˿Ӱ죬˰˲١
Ȼ˭Ҳûע⵽³ϵ֪ʲôʱѾȫʪ͸ˡ

ʱ仺ȥͻ˵ĴӪণ䱸ɭϣӪͬͭǽڰ㡣Դ֧Ƶľӳ֣ͻ˾ûа̷ɹ¶Էʵֻˡ
һֱʱٵĸԼеһʱѾȥܾˣǴԭΧһƬž˷ԭһƬžʲôҲ
֪ܿҪˣһʱ䣬վͻῪʼסһҹϵͻʿҲʼƤоǿҵ⡣
ŵʱ򻹲ãǵֽŹȥЩֻƣѾӽ˯ֱ糱Եֵ
ң֮ǰжྯѣʱ˯жǿҡ
ͻȻû˿ס
ݣ
ֻһ̶ХһֻͻȻƿն͵һϵͻ֣޴һ
¡¡ҲڴʱضҡһɫĸҹɫڻԾ˵ٶȳһǧ˵ͻʴӪ
ݣ
սûпգۼ䣬ǧƵХ㣬ͻʴӪıֱɱ
һѪ⣬˲ϢӪҽһƬҡ
Ϯ
һ߿ļХ̼ޱȣ˲仮աȻֻһ룬Ȼֹ
һĳҵĳںҹо׼ޱȵ׼ʾͻʾ٣԰մ׾ȻֽһһķѣƬ
ЩȻȫӵмµƼ֮
䣡
ƬӪһƬң˭Ҳû뵽Щ˾Ȼʱǵصļ˵ĸоҲİǧƵĴ
׼ս
Ӫܣ˼Ӫгִ񣬱Լĸλ
ȻǱܵĹУ䣬ɽ鱩һ㣬ҵϵ𶯣İٶһɫؼףҹɫɱħһ㣬ͻȻ֮ɱ˴Ӫ֮С
һǧˣһһҹʱȫ׼
ϣһһӪгͻĳһ롣
һ趯Уһų׺ݵ׶УһѼ⵶㣬̴Ӫ
ϣǵĽһ⻷ʵʣ˴֮һƬһ޴Ĵ
֮һͻ׷类ոĵһ㣬˵˵ڵϡ
ϣ
ͻȻ䣬һ޴豻һƥսһ𣬻Ƿɢȥ˲佫Χһȼ
ܣֱ͸
ôһǧˣЩôʱӪ
ķˣЩһ˵ôң
ӣǶǷӣ
ӪĺһĲҽУһǣÿͻжоһ𺳡
Ȼ洫ȫ䱸ͻϮÿ˶ţһ֧İ˵Ķ飬ȻĹһǧ˵ͻʾӣǼֱɱ졣
Ȼʱ˿̣ŵһĻȴķˡ
Ҫ£ֻİˣ˳ҼϣһɱЩˣ
ʱһ쳹գΪͻʺǾȷ棬֧Уȱ׺֮
ֻգۼ䣬һĴ׳뺷ͻʾͦӪվ˳
׺ݵΧҵȺ˲١
һ̣һһֵָüģһ䴩Դ޴ȥʮԶԽˡ
飡
ͻʾ۾ͬľ׮㣬ֱͦͦ˵ϡһɲǣɫ԰ףޱȡ
ϣҲʱһҵ˻Ӻڰд
û˷Ӧһͷ𣬳ĺɫսؼףͬһͷް㣬Ӻڰ˵ķ
ϣһϢ䣬Х
ӣ
ЩͻȻɱĴһͻǿ־壬һŷ׷ɢܡܿ죬ӪлܣһĲҽٴ
쵰ЩƵľ
ʱ˿̣֧Ӫ˧֮Уâһʷɫ࣬͵ش˳
˫ȭ죬˷ŭ
һֻİ˵СӣȻһ˵ĴֱǻֻƤ·
ˣԷǳִ٣ټҹɫڻʱ֪ǵ
˻˾
˹ɫֱ࣬һžͰ˵ߵڵϣĿһתܿ˶ǻܵĵط
ˣһ֧ǧ˵ľϸⷢĵطظҰȺͳͳɱ⣡
ʷһָܿ˶ǡһ֧ǧ˵Ĵ۵糸ӰʷԲ˴ӪĶǡ
Ϊ˧ʷһ֧ǧ˵ľʱʱ̿ػ֧ѵأʵǿһӵŸ־
ⳡִټҹϮǸûκӰ졣
¡¡ȥ¡¡أֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ͳ˰ʷǰ
ˣû˵ټ
ʷһӴסˡ
ôܣ
ǰʷµĵһӦȻܿ죬һܵע⣬ֻһλһ򣬱ǡ
û˿ԥʷһ£֧ٴκХǡ
ˣҲûƾĵ٣
Ļرʷµڴٴˣƺһ㣬һ֧֧֧Ȼ·Ϣͳͳ˵Ӱ
˲Ϣ䰢ʷϵ򶨶ʱʧˡ
ôܣ
һΣʷ¸о𾪣Ӫﺰɱ󣬴ܣһ··ɳȥȻӰֱš
ǰڰʱ˵Ϣͻ˵Ϣһ˻һƬ
԰ʷµΪҲѷֱ
ǰŨҵҹɫôһɲǰʷǰҲһ˿ã


1601 ܣ
ݣ
ʱһ̶Хմʷ̧ͷֻļܣͬʯһ㣬£Ӫ
ۣһգ۵ʱ䶼ܼļʱ㣬һǧͻʴĸӪϡ
ȼյĻ棬ӪϣһӪʵȼ˲Ϣ䣬ƬӪض뵽˻֮Уҽ֮˷
ۣһ֧бб䣬һ˰ʷǰĵϣβѡ
ʷµĿ䵽֧ļβϣ˲Ϣͫһɫˡ

ʷ¼ּ֧ͻʺҲڲԭϴѹ׹½ϣȴھ֮Уɼ֧
ּ֧ΪӵмµļӲȺͷȡ
ޣʷҲżȻһΡ֧İ˵ĴƾӣװĺȻ
ʷ𺳵ǣӸոռ긲ǵһ˲һǧ֧£֮Ҳζ֧İ˵ľӣ˶֡
ľѾˡ
ˣϿ쳷ˣ
ǰܴеӪأԼ֪Ĵƾӣʷл֣̿´˳˵
һǧ˵ͻʴİϮһβòѡ˾پˣȻֻһϵʧܵĿʼ
ս𣬵ʱֻ֣нʱʱ䣬Ȼʱһǧ˵Ĵ˵ȴͬһ㡣
İ˵Ĵβ׷ɱ壬֧һ˵Ĵһһβϵ䴩
ʱʱ䣬֧˵ֱͬجһ㣬Ǵû˿µľӣİ˵սֱǧ˻Ҫ¡
ÿһҪվȽŸ֯ߣ㱻֧ƵľӼʱĲ׽ټһ
ͻһ࣬޷ЧļУҲֻһɢɳѡ
˵ĹУжףʬҰŨѪζƮ˰֮Զ
֧һǧ˵ͻӪأֻʣһƬҽǱɱսͻʿʬ
Щʬصϲһ·쵽˼ԶıھӪǧһطûжע⵽һСӵͻڼӴܡ
˭Ҳ뵽ɳİ˾ӣҪץ֧ͻѾˡ
ˣ֧ƾӲ׷˰ɣ
һͻɫ԰׵
յʲôûУ˵飬ͺʲôһ
ģҪţѾӳôԶˣԭôǲע⵽ǡ
ǰ³ʳŵ
򶨣ǹ֪ڱκһ˶Ҫֻšոչȥһں³˵ͬʡֱڣһֲʵС
Щȥģ˵ڴԭʿ˵ѡ
³ʴδλɳİ˾Ȼ˿ֲһϵʱ䣬һϵЩ¾ɾ
ʣµǧɾͺͷӬһĴӴܡ
塢ֻšİûڡǺ³ʴʱĸܡ
Ȼ³־ĻԶֹˡ
ڤڤУ³˲ǰ顣
һ·ʮ֮󣬰ʷ֯ȶţ׼һٻɱЩˡ
ӣ
ʱһ쳹ԭһȫңͷ׺һưɫӧĴƽ컢һİٴӺβɱ
ʷҲ׺֮ҹʱֲ˵ķλʷ²òˡ
ɫзټѾ¶һоȫͬ
֧սǿĳĴƾãʷû˿ԥһȣǧܣЩɱȥ
и󷨣
³ʶڴ֮УֻɫӧĴƽ챬һɲǡ
³ʿƽŵһĻİؼ׵ĴŮɢ㣬ͻȻɢ򣬻û˷ӦͻȻһǹɱ˹
ǸûᰢʷЩ˵Ĺȫ˰ʷµϡ
𺳵ǣİж뻮һϼΪĬ˵ĸоİ˻Ȼһ塣
о̣ĳ־Ĺһ
ʷΪߣҲͬʱԿӣĴƽİֹ
ֻһɲǣʷһҽУͱЩֹԵ¡
ʷһĻɢҲܡ
ͻʴԭһƽ޴ӣ³ԭֻҪŰʷ£ԼǧɺɳľñضԸǡ
Ȼ˭õȻʷҲЩС
Դӿʷµ£³ʱҲ˲ˣµļʮֻʶӡ
ֱڣֻҪ֧İ˵ľӣ³ʾľս·𾪹֮һ㡣
ʱ仺ȥԭһƬžֻһյ峿£ΧƺʲôûС
³ʴܣſյĲԭƽһЩ

³صĺһ𽥷
ƾӦòˣϢһ£Щˮ֡Ƭ·ֻҪ˺󷽵ĴӪأǾͰȫˣ
³ʵһҹľսʱҲо˼ȵƣ
ݣ
Ȼһ̣һХգ͵ǰ
ŵ֧ϤԼϴ֣һɲǣ³ʺɫҰޱȡ

һֻֻŸӴԭϷ˷İ˴﹥Ǿȷ󲻾ãһϢͻʺҲԼܱеĹҡ
ʲô
ͻʺɽ֮͢Уһֻȭͷϣɳ޿ɺŭ쳹գ
һǧ˵Ĵһ֧İ˵Ķܣ³ʺͰʷ±ܣһƬܣ
ֹˣ֧Сӻɱǧڴԭϣ˵ʬ壡
Ӫһͻսʿڵزһ£ѹ֣һƬš
ɳ޿ɺ΢ͷ˫΢գżվһӪƺһʱɳ޿ɺ㡣
³ʲôʱ򱻽ߵģ
ãɳ޿ɺͻȻӪ
Լʱǰ
ͷ
ԣʷºͺ³ʶǱ֧ܣұѺʦȥ
ɳ޿ɺ
ǣ
쵰ѵҪǰͻ𣡡
ɳ޿ɺɫ࣬бѹֵŭٴӿ
Ҫɱ³ʺͰʷ¾Ϳˣǲûôɣ³ʺͰʷ»ţұİѺȥʦȻһλ뵱йҵͻʡ
ɳ޿ɺ޷̵ġ
ʱ̫ãĽų㣬֧ҲûԽԭı߽硣
ɳ޿ɺͷԽΣʱԽ侲
֪ͨǰľŶȸޣΣһҪֹ֧ﷵؾʦ
ӪڣѸɶȥ


1602 󽫳Ŷȸޣ
գ
Ƭ֮󣬴ԭϣףһƥ˻ߵޱȣǿıһϢ̺״󽫣Ӻ󷽵ĴӪгһ·̳ϲȥ
ণ󽫷ɳ۶ͬʱһֻ˶ĽĿ絶㣬ļڿն𣬳ϲȥֻƬ̼䣬һһӥһУԾ˵ٶʧӪС
۹ûϽ뿪Լͳ˧ĲӣûеϽפأǴƻͻʣˡֻǴʱ˿̣˲ôˡ
Ϊֹ֧İ˵Ĵɳ޿ɺֱָһǧ׷ɱȥֹⳡж

ˣ󷽷ֵз׷
Ƭ֮İ˵ĴУһȫźɫؼ׵ͻȻӿٶȣǰ㱨Ϣ
ˣ
Ϊ׵ɫӧĴ佫ʵ
ֻһˡ
ص˲Ϣ䣬žнеĴ׷ŤͷĿ⼯еϡ
ǶԷٶȼ죬սٶȼﵽǵıٶȣ໹аʱ׷ǡ

һ˲䣬ʧˣ֧ﶼͣ˶΢΢ɫ
Ҫ֪˽ӵץʷºͺ³ʺӱޣٶȽѺ͵ʦ˵ٶȼ죬ȫۡǶԷܵٶȾȻܴﵽǵıֱš
鵽𣿡
ɫӧĴ佫ٴʵ
޷ȷǴսжϣԷ׼󽫼󽫼𡣡

жֻİˣΪԵĵʵ̫ǿʮˣвμж˶Ǿϸѡֹʵǿ󣬼ÿ˶֣еװ£ȫһ
嵱ͻʹʮƥսʮƥսУȫ棬ǿİƥս͸֧˵ٽܳͻսҲܱǵսٶȻ졣
Ǻ׷ˣٶȾȻǵı֮ϣֱ˼顣ֻд󽫲
һ˲䣬ޱȡ
׷ֻһˣжϵһͻʵĴ󽫣ƾ˵ʵ¸֮⡣
˵ĵԶֹˡ
ণ
ֻһ쳤Хһ̧ͷ
ֻϷһֻͼ޴ĽͻȻƲз˷ϣһֻֻͷӥȸѸƾ۶ֻҵĽ
һΣܹǧﱼϮ֪ĽӽʷǵӪأǿЩӴӥȸ
ȻôӥȸĹֻȴȻ޾壬ֻ˻ȣͬʱֻצץ˺Ȼη塣
ֻ۾ʼն·İСӣ߸׼ȷ˵ϵİʷºͺ³ʡ
һĻжǳġִЩӥȸʷЩȷƵĴɱôӥȸȴκβͷϷֻѰ
ݣ
˵ʱʱ죬һ֧۵糸ͻȻֱ߿նȥһֻ̣ƺԤϵһһȣȻһܿһݲȶһ
һĻɫӧĴ佫İһȫ˵ȻֵֻϸѵԲͨȸܹġ
ǾŶȴ󽫾ľ׷ˣˣ
ʱƲһ㱻˶ϵĺ³ʣȻͦӣЦԭĻްϱһ̣ľбŷǿҵĿϣ
һǿɺŭˡЩˣûһܻ뿪ԭ
ߣ𣿡
ɫӧĴ佫Цһ
ȱӲӵˣ˭Ҳˣ
һ˵ĺ³ʶʱɫɷףһ仰Ҳ˵
ɫӧĴ佫Ѹתͷɨһˣڵ
û⣬󷽵ĵз󽫣Ӧֻͨǵķλڿʼʮһ飬ֳʮСӣɢܡԽڴƾڻϣ
ǣˣ
Ӧû˿ԥֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һ˻Ϊ㣬Ѹʧڸ
Ƭ֮ͻִ󽫾Ŷȸں󷽲׷ᣬƥͻԣ̳ܶʮɸߡণһ߿ļХŶȸ޴׳ұסзµĽ
Ϊ㣿
ӵǰϢŶȸҲüͷ
֧ĽĻҪƻѲİ˵ľӾȻӲʮҲֹˣӽĻظ򶼷ˡĿꡱȻԷӦʹĳαװÿһαװˡ³ʡ͡ʷ¡
һȺ΢Сϣǲ׶Ը
ʯ䣬ŶȸԺһͷ
ǰǳ˹֮սһպɽСò᣽ǧܴƳֲ
ڵⲦİȻ书ھŶȸִ΢ǵٷһŶȸҲԽ׷顣Ǳֳ֡ƻȴԾŶȸ˲С⡣
ߣϧֻһЩСˣ
ŶȸЦһܿȡһžᣬѸ̯
һŴƵĵͼŴƵǿԼĴڵĴѾ˸ɵĴڣͬʱҲܸעĽ㡣ÿһգ֪̽ǰͺ̣ͣؽƾʦУ㱻Ʒ֣һһҲӲı䡣
ŶȸŴƵͼǻѾ޴ۣò״ӴƵġ
Ŷȸ޵ĿŴƵͼɨһۣܿ˴ƾڵһҪϡ
ͨƵıؾ֮أܴĸҲİ˵ĴɢɶٹɣҪƾʦͱ
Ψһи鷳ǴҪѾڴƾˣͻڡáԾŶȸ޵֮ڣҲǷǳɣǾŶȸȴ⡣
ߣȵһϹȻͻأҪȫû׼
ŶȸЦһܿ콫ŵͼѸٲȥ
ľһԽھŶȸ޷۵糸ԽƱ߾ʱͻȻ֮䣬һ߿ؼ
Ŷȸޣͥ󶼻˼˳ڴ˵Ⱥʱˣ
ͻʺʹƽĵطһߴΰĴ佫һƥɫӵƽߴӭžŶȸ޻
ǵϤӰŶȸɫ䣬ɫʱѿޱȡ
˼˳
ʯ䣬һͷԺзӶ߽磬ַʽǰҲֻһͥ󶼻˼˳ˡ
ԭϹޱߣŶȸû뵽Ȼ˼˳ôĵ򣬰˼˳ƫƫѡƺһ㵽г·߰㡣


1603 ɱ뷴ɱ
˼˳ô
Ŷȸɫ쳣ѿ
ִ󽫾׷ˣѾ˴Ʊ߾󽫾ذɣ
¡¡˵ʱ򣬰˼˳ƥµı̲ԣѾŶȸ޲ɡ
ģ
Ŷȸ޳
Ͳعˡ
˼˳ɫݵһ˵ţеĳǹһӣ˳ȥ
󽫾ޣǾͷˣذɡ
˼˳һΣƻЭȣǴƵıȻ߾ͻʵǰɱǧˣ°ΣǴƱһ
Ŷȸ޳
ȻᵽǾ͵ʣΪʲôץȴƫƫץˡǧ˶ɱˣΪʲôƫƫˡҾȻͶ󽫾ǧﱼϮȥԮǣ
˼˳ȻһЦݵ
㣡
Ϊİ˵СӣڵĴƾʦֵ÷зǷ꣬ڹעƵ˵ô֪
ֻǸһԸûκ֤ݣ𣿡
ǣ󽫾˵İ˹ͻʵǰҲֻԶﴫûκε֤ݣ𣿡
˼˳ʵŶȸɫһϣʱ仰˵
˼˳Ա֮֮ȷʵץƵı߲ǻ˵ڣֻͬͻʵһ֮ǡ
˼˳û˵ˣ
Ŷȸɫһ䣬δ䣬ͻȻϰεضһڵ㣬Ŷİ˼˳ݺȥ
һɲǣƺƣֱţھŶȸ޵ɽӴӰٴθ֣ȴ֮κһζҪΰʵöࡣ
һμȣŶȸ޵ʵǿˡȻȡϴνѵŶȸ˼
ȻŶȸ͵Ĺ˼˳ȴֻɫһû˿η塣һ̣âһ˼˳˲ʧԭأһɰľȼյһ㣬;Ŷȸײһ
䣡
ԭҡضִ󽫾Ŷȸ޺ͱͥ󶼻˼˳֮䣬ٴαһҶ̴ٵս
Ƭ֮󣬺¡һ춯صľ죬Ŷȸһǰ㣬ԶѸҡҷȥ
˼˳֮ʹ˽һ죬ǱͥʹҪΪ˸ۣ
¡¡ǾŶȸʧ
Х˼˳ǹƥ̲ϣûǰȥ׷ϣžŶȸʧķ򡣰˼˳㱣
ֻˣͿˡ
¼䶯ĻǾʦءΪͥͳ˧˼˳ҪˣҲ˱ǧָ֮ǰյһǼš
ͬΪ۹󽫾˼˳ƣڷΪҲȨֱͥ񣬵ϣ˼˳֪Ļ˵
Ϊͥ󶼻ѹأػյְ𣬷飬İٶ˱Űɱͥ󶼻ȴ֪飬ʣʧְ
֮ͬǰйͻ˼˳ҲòϣϣԴڼĹ
Ȼֻа˼˳֪α¼ϣŶѹ֮оżѹͥ
鷢֮󣬰˼˳ûͻñһȴ⵽˳͢еǿҷԣǱԳ͢巢ϽͥԶͻñƣĳͻ
˼˳ȻǱͥ󶼻ȴҲû˿취ˣҲֻܲȡְ취ˡ
ϣ
ս˻˼˳תͷһѸʧڲԭϡ

žŶȸޱ˼˳ڲԭϽػ飬ƵһϮܿһΧ˼𺳡
ʲôһ֧İ˵ľӻһ֧һǧ˵Ĵһ佫һ죡
ֻŸڵĶͻʺ˹ɺ͸𶯵ɫ
İԭԿʮڼĶ֣һʤǶ˹ɺ˵Ҳǲɵ񡣵֧ɹˣһɹѺԪס
֮Ϊƴþʧ٣ʵӦôİȴٴο˴ƿµʵ͵̡
ǵˣ
˹ɺͻȻʵ
ѾԽͻʺʹƵı߽ߣҹ̸ƾʦ
ڵϹ
ڴƾڵ֣ҹ̣ȫػΣһ˻ŵִƾʦ
˹ɺͻȻ

ͬʱ񶯵Ÿ˷ԭϢͬʱ߾گ˹أǴʳ֧ԭⳡ˼սйҡ
ƾеĸ֣ΣԲ˻ŵִƾʦ
ͬһʱ䣬´˺Ͷͻʺһģһ
ƵѾ죬ɳڱ߾ҲͰˣǶȴˣŴؾʦ
һλҪĲ汻¾İԩҪɱӺЧȣĶȻ
˵һζܴӦġʢ˥Σ˱
ظİؾ;У壬һεĴ˷ɱ
ͬʱƾʦĸۡеƻͨ尲󷽣ǰüһãµĽ켸ڴˡ
ϢѾй¶û⣬Ѿʼֻ֣һΣ˱Żصʦ
鷿嶸Ȼ۾Ŀб˵Ĺâ
ǣˣ
鷿ͬ
˿ĵطһεԴƾʦѸӿ
߽絽ʦΣ壬ĵİװԼصĸ֣ƺĳİ
ͬһʱ䣬ı֣аĸҲӿ˫Ұĵطɱ
췬ĸִ̿ͣûп֧Ѿ˸صĸɽ֡Լݴ֮УƷ棬ͬ˴ۡ
һֺ͸֮ν˳֪ĵط
ԴƷӰΣ಻ķˣʧأҲò´˳˵
֮ͨһذİ˵Ҳûκξѻһ·ͨ裬žʦȥ

ͬʱעĻԶֹܱ
һŸϢͬ²¸С
ˣʲô
ӵϢһ̣Ҳŭޱȡ
İ˵Ķ飬ϵԶֹǱǸׯˣдƺǧǧˡŷ˾ţ֮սЭ飬İֻһιһлһ
գ
ʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲ⴫ֻϢ䣬һŸһֻͻеĺڵ񣬿첽˽


1604 ųһ
ӣոյͻɳ޿ɺ飬ǴǹͻʵоͬʱҪһҪ飬ýͻʵսʿŹͻʡ
Ÿһ˵ţһ߽еż˹ȥ
۽ӹֻǿһۣ˲Ϣͱһ˶ķӡͻʺЧĿɺ֮ӡ
ʦ֣ô죿
УŮͻȻڵޱȣΧҲһء
ӣӵŸոչȥûжãƣȥǧϣһǰͺҪʵֵ룬Ҫлһ
һŸֺ
ǣڸûκ֤ݡΪֹеһжɳ޿ɺǱߵһ֮ǡǱֻҪʸڷϣǾû˿취
ͻȻڵǡ
һ˲䣬鷿˶Ĭˡȷʵ߾Ȼֵ÷з˷עȴû˿֤ݿ֤ġ
ֹˣ֤ɵģҲû˿취۹мأҴ壬үڣֻҪе˽һǧˣ㲻Υİ֮ڣֻҪ˵Щ˽ǾȨϽ鷳ǣƵûһᵽɱˣǹйΥ˴仰˵֤ݣҲ޷֣
һŸֳǲʡֻİ˽άȵľء
һƬţüģüͻͻѡ
壬壡־ûûһһ˸ɵ鷳ԶҶҪöࡣ
ʦ֣ɳ޿ɺǲܲᣬ鴦ףǺͻǰڵ̸оǰˣ
Ů
оĵģÿ˶ڵȴ۵
˲ôˣŸȫϵʹӣܵľӡֻҪǶӹͻʾӵץ
̧ͷбĿĹâ
ΣǾٺˣҲܶȥκεĺҶһе
ǣӣ
۵ŵĸֶʱŷѸٴ²¸зܼ֮·ϵһж

ˣǰǾʦˣǵִﾩʦһоͽˣ
ͬʱۺŸڸǳز·ʱ򣬾ʦһһڼǰڰɫӧ佫ߵ
û˵ֻȥԶһǳΡȻɭȻڵƽߴ¶һУúԶҲܸеķ
Ҫ⣬ԽǰȫʱԽΣգûа˽үУԶɵġ
ɫӧ佫
ǣˣ
ɫӧ佫Ļ˷׷׺ȻӦǡ
һ·ϣ仰ÿ˶ᣬԭΪжΣͦ⣬һǧЩ¾ׯסǵȵŷ֣Σշڹ;С
Կһǧͻʴûʧǻ;Уƾڣһİ˷˲٣һ·أ˵Ҳ
ߣˣصʦ֮ǰԲܳκβӣ
ɫӧ佫һ£һ˿ӱޣѺź³ʺͰʷ³žʦ۶ȥ

Ȼûжע⵽Ǽ۶ͬʱֻŸ˶ųѸٳžʦķȥ
ӣǶټ뾩ʦѾʮ໹һʱӦþͻִţ
Ÿ䣬һŸҴҵߵԣ
̽ܶһǣҪʱʱ֪̿ǵĶ򣬾ְܳӡ
ſڣһɫ£Ʈݳվ˫΢գһ
ǣӣ
ߵͷӦ
⣬Ǳʲô
һ˼״ٴοڵ
չӵķԸҸۡΧѾܼӣзҸۡŸ룬ûпͱǾѻ⣬Ѿóģ±ʼǵĸ֣дһŸִ֧ʱӺʱʱ֮ڣǱ߻
ŵĸֳ
һжŵ׼Ѿ൱֣иÿǵѾȫǵˡ
⣬ΪԷһĸſҲ֣һʧ
ܺãܼǱߵĶ⣬Щ£һЩ£Ҫʱˡ̣ض˶飬Ҫǲϧһд
۳¼ϵش󣬱ҪʱʹһЩСֶҲϧ
ǣӣ
ŵŸֺܿɶȥڴͬʱǷ帮ۡŸ룬Ǵ帮зɳϢӥȸûж֪ڷɵʦϿʱȫһЩӥ
ڻӥȸǧʱ䣬ͬһ׶صķ
ַȥǧѡ׽͵ĺߴʳӥͨ˹ѱҸܹɽצַɹļʲ̫ߣѾŻһЩӥȥĳЩҪϢ
ϢκγӵмҪĵλûЩֶΣҲʩչ
ʦ⣬֧ȫڼ׵ĴٶԽԽ죬뾩ʦҲԽԽ
ӣѾȷԷټŲʮ
ӣֶԷټѾʮ
Ŀ꣬Ѿֻʮ

ſڣŸ뼱ϵĻ㱨֧λãʱĹȥԽԽšеŸֻ򰵣Χȴһ̵ĵ
УŵĸʼڶǶӴȷԷԼ˽찢ʷ£³ԼҰ֮ڡ
ӣҸۡ˶Ĳӥƺо˲ԣѾҸۡ
ʱ򣬼ǱߵŸҲͬϢԽԽţеĿⶼһ£ŵۡ

ʱ˫֮б˵ĺâ
ǹӣڹ컯գӥڽ۳ң˷ǳ࣡
Ÿֳɵ
Ҳ£
ն
£׼°ʷºͺ³ʣ
۵Ŀޱȡ
Ҳʱ󣬹ףڵƽߴڳ
׼֣
֧û˿ԥͻȻŶ漲۶ȥͬʱſڲµ޵ҲѸ±Լ͢дӿԵĽҲȫ
ˣãб䣡
⣬һڼ׵Ĵоʲôɫ䣬Ϊ׵İɫӧ佫Ҳһ
֪ͨүȫ󳷣
ͣ£²ڴˣ³ʺͰʷ£Υһش
ʱһȹףԶɫӧĴ佫ӦѾܿˣֻǶԷķӦ졣


1605 ų
ͬʱŸֺʹƱ糱ˮһ㣬˷Хͬһʱ䣬һֱβں󷽣жҵŸҲ¶ΣضȺĺ·
ֻգۼ䣬Ӵ뵽ذΧ֮Сʯ䣬֪ٸִӰи֣һһϢ籩һ㣬Щ

ͬһʱ䣬һܼĹһֿ׼˴λõĴ
ɲǼ䣬˵ɫѿޱȡ˭Ҳû뵽һ·裬Ȼھ뾩ߵĵطһĻ
ǵʲôˣʲô
ʱ˿̣Ψһܱ򶨵ģɫӧĴ佫ˡ˷ƾ۶Ÿ֣Ŀڣ˿޾塣
²ۣҪǲ֪ûг͢گڱԹͻˣƣѾΥ˴³ʺͰʷ£Ѿɳ͢ӹܣҪͼĻһ۴
һŸֲǳ
ߣǲ֪ʲô²£ֻ֪һֻү˵ȣһȨ档⣬ҪˣѾŲóνƣҡ
ϣɫӧĴ佫ЦһƳ˶۵һۣ
˵˱ƣֻ۾ģ
㣡
ɫӧ佫Ļ˵Ÿɫһ𣬶ʱΪ֮ᣬŭŸҲüͷ֮ǰı֮ŴĲóӣ൱Ӿ֮вóȻǾˣȻܽƣһ㣬Ҳë
ңԷһ˵Ҳûźͳ͢ȷʵûǹͻ˵֤ݡ
ʲô֣
ʱһ۲ǰɫӧ佫ͻȻˡ
Сˣ²¹
ɫӧ佫ȻһЦ

ⷬ˶ǲȻŭôӾôĲ£Щ̡
Ҳ΢΢üͷȴûкɫӧ佫硣
Ǵӵ飬ʥӴӦףʥּ壬ʷºͺ³ʣҪͼҲҪͼߣֻҪһҿԽȫɱ⡣ҲκҲã͢ǱҲ˵
۶ǰİɫӧ佫˵δ䣬һһƥɫľ˵УӸ˴Լӡ
飬ɫӧĴ佫ʱɫһף˵ɫҲǲҰޱȡȻۺЩŸȫб
һΣȴûˡ
£
ָһӣŸͻ˳ֱϵͻʽ졣֮УϵĶκ˶Ҫһָһһʷºͺ³ʴ£ৣһ˵ͷҲժ¡
ֱʱʱõıжڱժ¹ʵһɲǣÿŸжڼںļνУһʤһ
һ̣µ˽죬꣬Ŀɿڴ
⣡ôܣ
ֻһɲǣɫ԰ޱȣ۶ɫʧȥĴݡ
ϵˡȷȷʵʵͻʺףͷ£ȴЦģĺףʲôʷºͺ³ʡ
쵰˵³ʺͰʷ±ǲصȥˣ
һŸַŭȫ͵һץסһ߸
ٺ٣λˣ˵ʲôҸֻ֪ǻ˾ʦѣбҪͶ²ºͳ͢ô󶯸ɸ𣿡
߸߾ĴЦ
⣬˵Ž壬²Ҳ˽ô˵棬ǸòҪɱڰɣ
ڵı¶ŻûʲôøСƱ߾İٿ˱ɱһׯǧϮѣʮڼĵսܻ֮ԪסȴҪԸǺΪʲôɫ
ֵŸֱŭޱȣһ̣˳ĿȥֻȺ飬ָָ㣬ȫ
ʦǴƾúεģĸÿȺϢ˵ľٶ˵ע⡣Ȼǿ㣬޿֡
ûлͷȻѾʼжˣﻹ·ԡ㱻ô˿ţ˵Ҳʳʷºͺ³ʵˡ
˵ʷǵ
ЩʲһȺŸְŮΧסɫӧĴ佫
˵ɣ˵㲻Ҳһ˵û°ɣ
ʱ۰˰֣ˣǰȥɫޱȡ
Ǻǣ²»ǲð׷ѹˡ
ﲻͬΪ׵İɫӧ佫ɫҪݵĶࣺ
ү㣬㵽źͳ͢джǵжӲүĶĿǷųЩŸ룬ҲֻԻǵġں³ʺͰʷ£ڽƱ߾󲻾ãǾͷֿˡû⣬ӦѾͨţ͵үˣ
䣡
ⷬϣŮеŸ֣ԼĽȫɫҰףػ۵ɫѿޱȡ
ߣؾ
룬ûһӴչ˲仯ΪһɫĲӰӳſѸʧ
һˣֶαеĻҪĶ࣬һл̫ŵһֱžʦеĶ³ʺͰʷѾѺ뾩ʱҲüֻҪֹ壬ôһл̫
۵еŸֺͳ͢ı糱ˮӿȥһ·̳ʱ򶼻ҪĶࡣ
ߣվսߣүȣ˲ֹһﰡ
ϣɫӧĴ佫ۺһŸȥķ¶һ˿תıһȥ


˲ȡжͬʱûжע⵽һƥѸٵĳĸ֮ۡС
³ʺͰʷѾүᣡ
һ仰鷿˵עȫе̽ϡ
үۺǱӦѾϵˡ
תͷ塣
ӥǱû°ɣ
һʳָнߵĿǣ鿴еһпƺԤ֮С
үӥ·⣬һȺֹײӥֹ֣šһжƿ֮УӥʱûΣա
һԵĳԪԽ˽࣬ԪԽ
ŵжΪھʦϿսػӥȸ飬ֻӥ߶һӱȫԤ֮Уֻ̾˻һֱΪء


1606 䶯ʦ
ܺã
΢΢۾ָߵ£
Ըȥʼжɣ
˵䣬ָһգվһż߳鷿
ⳡжΪֹŵͬʱҲҪĹͷ
ʦΧΪģһӴҲת̶ֻʱڣŸǧƵ̽ͻȻðͷһݷݹģʦ
ʲô¾ǸׯĺѾץסѾѺ͵ʦ
ڳǶնʾڣ
ÿ죬ɵıһǴģ

ǳظǧݰǰѸپ£˴ľʦգ¼ھʦֵķз˲֪˲
˽Խ࣬ԽǶЩ¾ׯĺޣҲԽͬЩ޹ĴرǵǶĸӵִﾩʦʦ˲Ϊ֮ݣŭͱ
ƫƫ͢Ǳȴٳûж˭Ҳû뵽ĶȻ֮졣
ھʦ˵ǰδеĺϢ
ߣϷһѣӹǲӲʣ˾վ첻ô˵ҲһҪϷպʲôҲһҪ
ȺУһͷ׵ߣŹȣȫ
¼ÿһ춼ڹעڿЩַܲ˷ܡ
ȺУһľʦղһ˺ƺƵַ׷׳Űᵽ̵صȥͬһʱ䣬ͬھʦطͬʱݡ
ʲôİЩѺ⵽ʦҾ׼ڽ̣
𶯵ԶֹǾʦеͨգͬһʱ䣬ʦ֮еҴҲ׷յϢһ𺳲ѡ
ĲҰͥܲˣ֮Уֻע⵽飬Ҿ֣һ֧˵ľѾִ
ھʦдķзеҴ嶼ţ˭Ҳ֪١ЩҴ̽ӻر˵ԷܲöԸ¾ׯļʮѾӣһ˵Ĵ֮Уʱ׼롣
Ǹɵ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽žȻġ岻֧һɹİ˴˾ʦ
ߣȥ
һ˲䣬е壬Ҵȫɳ֣ǰ˵ĵط
ܿ죬˷ӿеҴ;ʦȫһطӵȥ
ڳǶϣһ޴̨ڲһյĹͱѸٴã׼ȷ˵ڰĹ֮ǰ߰ʮĹѾ￪ʼˡ
еĲ϶ȶѻΧĵ̣ڸ̨ĴУõùĸģ飬Ȼһж׼
Ĺ̶ֻʱڣɽ˺ˮйͨ£˲֪Ⱥܵݶ϶ˡÿ˶̨ȴŰ˵һ̡
ôûг֣أ
˵Ϊʲôûп
ΧȺ겻ڵȴһ̣ʵ񹲷ߣҲΪˣÿ˶ڴŵһ̡
䣡
֪˶ãһʯ£ȺһƬȻȺ׷һ
ҿ쿴ˣ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Ⱥʱֻ̨ϷһѺˣͷ֣
ɱͷ
ˣȺŭޱȣ˺СҲΪ׵ƽ쿴һĻҲ˸ƣһ̣Ƽʿһժȥͷϵͷ֡
ǣǣ
һɲǣͺĳźһŭȺ׷ĲҶʯͷ˷ӵݺݵĴں³ʺͰʷµϡ˴ܼȺдʱŭȺ谭ݺݵץߴˡ
ΪһʳȻɱİٶˣ󻹷Żգʬ𼣣ˣֱϧ
Ⱥ֮ŭҪ˴˵֮࣬ɳѺ˵ļʿòˣ⻹ų̣̂С
ңǸˣɱ˵˸ң
³ΧĴưգɫ԰ףĿ־塣
һ·ϣһһΣÿγֱصʱΪԼԵþȣŻصԭȻôȥˣûܰ˾ȳǾƵľʦԽԽˡ
ں³ʵ֪Уû뿪ԭһַʽѺ⵽ƵľʦĹС
ѾȫΧ飬޲ԼȺ³ֻоһַĿ־塣
ǰһĻǴж֮û뵽ġ
ֻ˵˵ͻûö
ûõĶͻʵʿؤҲվֱ㣡
һԵİʷģаѵ³ʿѾˡ
Ϊ쵰ǾȷǧԶ˲ԭϣԼҲ֪ۡǳô鷳ڴԭϸɵˡ
ſңͻʵ佫ûκɱңɱңǻǳ޴鷳֮Ĵս
ʷ´е㱻ͲҶҵϣҲûһüͷ
Ϊȷ佫ͺ³ǽȻͬġ
ʷⷬȻͻ˵ģǰĳԪȴˡ
ߣԼ޹𣿵ǰӺ³ʺǶǸׯнӶʳʱѾע³˵³ʻĲ£Ǹׯİٶ³ҪҪΣ˧ͬѲ˸ϵʲôͳ˧ôĲ£²ϣһζݣǹô飿ô
ԪЦⷬȴͻ˵ġ
ʷɫһϣʱ仰˵
֪ʱȷʵǲȡ̬ģǹԵģ³ʽӶЩȥʹ
һ˵ȷʵ˵޹
ߣ
Ԫɫӣ任İʷ£֪Ѿ׹ԪҲûж˵һ£Ѻˣ˸̨
䣡
ԭѾڵȺ˵ϸ̨ʱǴﵽһ߷壬Ⱥ׷׸һߣĿɱ˵Ļ˿ѾǧС

ͬʱķɺ磬Ծ˵ٶȳųڱۡ
۵ʱ򣬻һֻֻŸѸٷ£ͬʱиŸҲ׷׳ۻ϶
ӣãڳиģ׼̶̣
ӣѾ뿪ۡǰ̵ص㣡
ӣ³ʺͰʷѾ֣аմ󲿷ֶΧ۹ȥˣ
һϢĵ̨ǰǰֻϢʱ䡣Ȼ׼һУҽе鰲׵
۶òϣһУԼѾһ


1607 ڴն
һлûн³ʺͰʷ»ûʦҲôʵʱϵº³ʺͰʷһлü
壡
һɲǣŭܣּŭʱ룬͵ſڷһ쳤Х
ȻʥУһɰȻ˶ʱٶȱһǰ㣬Զ۵糸ȥ
ԽԽˣ

λ¼شҶѾ֪ڣλԪ׶Ѿˣ
̨ϣԪ̨ŭޱȵľʦͻȻڵ
ɱɱЩ
̨£ȺӿԽķŭˡ
˷׷Ÿ̨ķӿΧ·ŭȺѾ̨ˡ
Ԫ˸ƣʾȺ
ڰǰΪһȻ¾ǴƱߴׯССİˣ˺СŹоֱ˷ָΪشӪ֮УܸǣһΣֻˣ˭㱳жٵĴҶԴư֣³ΪǴƣ
Ԫ̨µİյһ仰
䣡
ԪĻȺٴηһߺ쳹
ƣ
ƣ
ƣ
һߺ˷һ㡣
Ԫ̨һĻҲǼѣжΪˣ£˳ֱӻӵĲ뵽жС
ЩʿΪжʧʹ˳ߣһжֵõġ
ҹĲٳ֣滮棬ֻΪһĿģ£ܱ֪ǲġ
ڱҪʱ򣬾ǰǰʵĶơ
ûܹ¾նΪ˸ۡҪǣж֮ǰҪϸŭƵĺ
İ˵ľܻһǧˣ֮Ԫףƾӡ
ǳܸʹĴۡ
Ǿ˵ְͽ
Ըͷ­Ѫʸ־ԭֻ۹۳һ飬ֳӦеӣ
ǹ£
Ԫ˸ƣ³ʺͰʷ¾ͱǿѹŹڸ̨ϣʷ»ֱͦʹ
Ѻ͵ʿϥѴһţߵڸ̨ϡ
ſң˵ǸȨץңͻʵȷ潫Ȩң
ʷ
Աηη־ĺ³ʲͬʷʼձǿҵľ˽Ԫû
Ѷ
ֻƬ̣һɫТŮӣ˵Ļ£˸̨Тĸˣ̨Χԭֵľʦնʱ

һ˲˶ϳɫݵĸˡ
ʱ䣬ˣʦ֮м˲֪˲ҵľֻҪˣûвеͬͶĵҷŭġ
ͬʱҲּ֣Ϊׯ־еء
̨ϣֻ˫ͨ죬Ѫ˿ͺҹҹûкϹһ
˸һ֣һ˫Ѫڸ̨˫ϥصĺ³ʺͰʷϣбĺ⡣

˵ĿУׯе׶ϣ͵ȥһƣžһݺں³ʵϡ
һƴȫú³϶һɫӡǡϵҲΪ΢΢ƳѪһɫ
ΪһǾȻɱǴׯİˣ㻹ҷҹҴׯ˵
˵ţ͵˹ȥ˺ҧ˴ˡ
Ը˵ķ񣬻ĺ⣬Լ̨º޲˵һ˫˫Ŀ⡣һɲǣ϶¶һ˿η塣
ڶ˵Դ¾֮ҹҹεģûһ벻ǰһ̡
ϷߴйһԵĳԪҲûֹ
˺ƺѾľȫ͵طһĴУƺ˶ˡ
ţ
һݣͻȻڸ̨ϣΪϵĲ
ۣΪֹţ
Ϊ֮ᣬ޲Ϊ֮ԪҲпѡ
ģүһΪģ
˵ԪתͷĿһĺ³ʺ΢΢ɫİʷϣĻ¶ʱŷһɭɱ⡣
׼̣
һ仰˲佫˷˵
䶯ʦֵ÷зıҰһҪӭһ֡
ˣ
ʱ򣬳ԤϣԭһֱڵصĶͻȻ̧ͷĿбŷһɴ̹ǵĺ⣺
񸾻һҪΣһҪӦ

ӣˣǰ̵ص㡣
ʱ۷۵糸ԽǳأҲڸϵ˳Ƕ
һ·ϣƴȫȫԸŲԶһĸ̨һ˿ϣ
ü
Ⱥûɢȥȫһƺڵȴʲô˵˻ţֻҪ³ʺͰʷ»ţа취ǾһǱڵΣڱ֮ǰΡ
ˣ
˵ʱʱ죬ϣʱһ̣Զĸ̨Ϻһһĳ߸߾ڰĹâ
Ǳ߸߾𣬼նĳɫˡ
ס֣
һɲǼ䣬Ѫӿʯ䣬͵رһȡͬһʱ䣬⣬ƴȫŸ̨ȥ
ڳͬʱָһһĽѸǰѸ߸߾ĳȥ
۵ķӦѾܿˣֻϧվˡ
ֻۣдѪűŶͷ­ŷһ̣ڸ̨ϣ
䣡
ͷصǣȺͻȻ֮˷ãã޼ʵ˺ȻһɽѵĻ
һɲǣʦ¥𶯣̨һЩ¥ݶƬƷɡ
ͷڵȺȻ෴һɲǣ۷ŻŲһͷ­׹صͬʱҲˮףñޱȡ
ˣ
վǳһ
û뵽Լ㾡ȫѾϵվһ³ʺͰʷ¾ȻƤµڱɱ
壡
֮һ޷ķŭڶ
³ʺͰʷͻʺĳͻҲѾֹ
ƴȫȥֹȥά۹Ҫ۹аգǧ̫ƽȥȥѪվƲ壬Ʋ֡
һɲǣ΢΢죬δһж˼Ũҵɱ⡣
ЩͷԺзӶҲʱһ۶һ졣
ŷһûли̨ϹֵĳǱһ
Ŀһǵŷķ˹ȥȻȺܼۻһۿǵϤӰ
壡
ڼڼĻУͷϽڣһȺлԼɫƽеһУԼ֣ȫԤϵС


1608 ŭۣ
쵰
İɫУָս졣ھ޴ķŭ£΢΢
ԶֻǵȻһЦûۡ
ͬΪı˵ĶѾ˵ˣ֮䣬Ѿûʲô˵ˡ
һ֣ˡδҲܳɹ
ৣ
˦̬䣬ܿתŽݣںڼĹ£쳯Ÿ̨ȥ
쿴
һ̨֣£ۼע⵽ˡǼ䣬ȺɽѰĻ




ڿɲǣŮףȨ󣬻ƽӵܣһ׷˷ܵ׳죬˻ߵĴ
ǰˣ˵꣬ڱԭİһǧˣ漣Ĵڡڱ֮У˲¼ϣÿ˶Ƿӵ
û˿ƣκζ˵ķΪ븶ۣһϣ廹ˣȫһµġΪ˵Ĺͬ
ˣ
֣Ԫɫ˵һԣһ̣ؼ䵱֮ҫ۵Ĵڡ
˵ͷתһ¼ŵϹģ˫ĿԲͷ­ԼǻѪԲ˾ţʹ˴ֹˡ
ΧɽѣɽХȺипѡ
һεжķ˴͸ԴҪģ¼˶Ǹƣû˿ðȣԼ
飡
ʱһԵĸͻȻعڵϣͷӵأǰ˸ͶصĴһһ΢΢鴤ʹ
лܹгУѪү壬
ϷڵϣˮմѪĳҲһԡ
³ʺͰʷȻѾȥȴܸʧȥһжҲزˡ
׶ĵʹҲɴʹ
佫սɨĵңΪĲػЩ޹İպ
ΪƵı佫֮һϣͬѴ̡
ˣܲĴ񣡡
æϵĶϡ
һжΪ㣬ҲΪǴеİա
һ仰תͷ̨ɽ˺ɫ£׷Լˡ
˷һƬžţΧİ壬Ŀڡ
ע⵽ĽУһϹźۣӶڱĺˣľ塣
һ̣ûٷգȺе壬˶ȴˡ
˻ĺ˶Ѿףվڸ̨ϵĴ꣬ѾηĴڡ
û֪ǿٷôıԼصĺ
ˣ
ʱ˿̨̣£һ£ŵҲɫֻĿⲢǸ̨ϵ壬Ͷأڵϵı׶ϣԼһմѪĳ
ô
ոһɲһֱΪĲ¶Ժ³ʺͰʷնףֱʱ۲ͻȻ֣³ʸ岿УǱǸׯ׶ɱ
ôܣ
ˣ˭Ҳûע⵽˶ˣش
ɱԸ浽ȥǶɱҲ޴׷
̨ϣӶд
һжǾҪһ仰ߣ䣡Զأ
̨ϣɫ˵ĿУ˵Ǿǧ𶯰˷Ļ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬˷Ⱥбһ춯أ֮κһζҪĻ
Ҵ壬ֻ࣬̾ѰգⷬȻ˵ģȴҲ˷ʵ뷨
ΪǴƣ
ȺУеŸһȻζӣ˵ζ
ǵĲˣһѣն˺³ʺͰʷ£Ⱥһ˸߲ңĻİա
ʱ˭뵽ӵȻŶֵϡ
̨²Զ۵ɫͬѿ
ˣ
ʱһĸо̧ͷÿ̨ϵŤͷԼ
Ŀԣ˭Ҳû˵
壬Ҫ̫⣬һӮˣ֮黹ԶûнǾԲٵ֮׵ĺƽ
ֻһ˲䣬۵ʶһȺԺֱ
ߣ㻹𣿵һ㻹ڱνİٿڲ׷´ͬ𣿡
ͬԾӦۣţԲٺˣԶᡣ
Ϊ飬´ͬڱСҲκƻǵж㣬
ͫһҲñޱȡ
ԣ㻹öĲҰҰģ㵽ڻǾǣԶıʡҰ޽޲ɼ
ŭ
˵Ѿֵزİٶʵ磬ֱ˹
ǣҲġҪʵִĿģȻҪĳЩֻۣҪܹʵ´ͬ츣Ĵưգңţͳͳ
ɫ
ǰĵ·עƽ̹ǧһΣĳԼⳡʧܣֻԽԼĿ꣬ҲԽᶨԼ
ˣ
۵ĻĿһϢҲñޱȣ
κζиȣȻˣǾųɣ
һɲǣʱ䶼·ֹˡȺûע⵽֮ĳͻһεЭһ֮֮ٲ顣
֮Уֻһڴơ
ڴưվ춯صĻУ۴ŵĸĬĬ뿪ˣûоκˡ
뿪ķ¶һ˿Цݡ
ⲻǵһΣҲһΣֻҪڵĵطž;ܳɹ
߰ɣ
عͷֻ˵һ䣬ųԪ˺ܿ뿪ˡ
˵Ļò
һ죬ڴƵľʦ˵עǻһ죬ͷβݾ䣬࡭ʦڴһ顣
Ҫǣڱ˵һҲ˿˱ļֵЩǳ˱֮⣬ûܹģ
ãСӣȻûп㣡
ʦϢһֻֻŸ˷ĸ֥֮صı󽫸溲֮ͥеİ˼˳иı󽫶ǣյʦеϢ׷¶һ˿ܵЦݡ
ôʱ䣬ҼǴ򣬴ѹƣһΣȴûʹκֶΣԹķʽӮһ֣Ҳ֤۹Ƭݵľĺ־
ˣټڽ˺һأΪСףһ
У溲Ц⿪͵⣬͵ؿһ٣һԵĸæֹǡ
ˣƣ
뾡ⲻǸС˵ĵ飬ȻҪףһҵƣû£õģ
溲Ц
һգеƻͨ



1609 ɺɽ

һգƾʦеϢ嵱ʦ˵Ļϳһ㣬ɱܱңԶĴʳ֧˵Ǿ仰еĹҶĬѡ
ǷʵѾǳв˸֮
žҪŵʱʣӵʱˡگ˹ءͻʣǴʳ۹ͳͳгԹ̡
ܾ֮£
һ֣ˣͬҲˡǸڣҪƣԶԶûôɡͻ澡ʧԼĽڵйʦɱͿɳ޿ɺķӦˡ
˹ص۹У죬еż㣬УĿŵޱȡ
Ƶ۹ⳡڲĳͻȻ漰ףվͻʺʹ֮ĳͻ۹ģҲǳ֮١
Դдһ鵽ƣ˵˹ܹע飬ϣܸһĽ
국
ǣ࣡

ˣˣˣ
ʱ˿̣˻ĺŭĪͻʵɳ޿ɺˡ
ΡȻʵʥɽϣʨӰŭף쳹ءһɲΧʮͻʾ׷׵ͷ
ֱͻȷ潫Ƶ۹Ȼ˵ץץԹһ˵ıﲿӣȻ˾ʦͻʺѾΪеЦ
ڣɳ޿ɺŭޱȣֱ϶
޷Ƶ۹Ӵ󣬻ǸȥţЩͳͳдϣҿƵ۹ôҽûһܺõĽͣǴƾ͵սɣ
һ仰ŭеɳ޿ɺ͵һȭ£ɲǼ䣬籩㣬ɳ޿ɺǰĸеΣԼɷ飬ɽǿֲ˺һѷ졣

˶
̫͵УһƬྲдսսҳϷָʹüģŭܡ
Դӱһûйǳ鷳һһӵ黹ûнǳô顣
޷ܵģɳ޿ɺִĵĴʾ䡣
Ƶ۹Ӵ󣬻󣡡ЩȻɳ޿ɺŭʱ˵ģȴдӵʹ
ǻλĵһ˳λ̳ˣǴƵĴǴʥʴһ֮£֮ϣȴƫƫһ塣
ɳ޿ɺȻǷŭ˵ģֺγʵ뷨˵жûȫšԼȨҲȫ޷Լ塣
ž
ԽԽ͵ץϵͻ飬žһݺڴϣڹ⻬ĵϻԶ
ȥΪһУڼƺͻʵսԼͱ¨ӣԼȥʰ
ڸ߸ߵĴϣݺҧüһ䣬Ъ˹Ƿŭ¡¡ף쳹ʹ
Ƭ֮󣬴ӵķŭɳ޿ɺĹ飬Լϵսƣͳͳͨһ̫࣬ݵС
£εͬСɣɳ޿ɺŭޱȣʽ飬սв̽ӻر˵ɳ޿ɺټıʱ׼ԱĹһս֪Ҫ˶ˣͬСɣ
鷿Ϲӣǡ
һ˵ţӵּ⣬̫ͨ࣬ġڱְҲüû糯þڴӺŵİѿСΨ岻ԣԲһˡ
ڳУǶүǿʷӸǷŭޱȣһս±Ǳ߾ͻὫеƵүϣͬСɰ
ǵǵ
Ȼ巢ͻסԼ̰۵İѱǱ϶λүǾأ˭λүǿأ
ı¼¹ҲֽкáϾ˵ףҲ˰
鷿Уѹ֣Ԫǣ˶壬ĿǡȻ鴦ãܱܿӽⷢӣѣ塣
Ǻǣİɣ
ԤϣֻǿһְۣǷͻʺһֶۣϣ飬벻⡣
֪ʲôȥһرӣ˵зִ硣һнɣ
¶һ˿Цݣͷ˵ĽγԱȡ
ɻĿУǰӱʼȡһֻϸʣպպī̯ܿһֽɷ裬дȼ֡ȻһɨīɣֽݸһԵӥ
ţ͸ͻʺɳ޿ɺӵţȻ֪ô
УǼдķǳ֮죬û˷ӦѾˣ˭Ҳ֪дʲô
¡
ֹֻǵȻһЦûн͵˼
ȥɣ
ֻһ֣ӥǷż㣬ܿɶȥ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һֻӥ𣬷Ծǧɽˮͻʺɽȥ

Ǳô˵
ɽ´ɵĽɫУһϵ
ؿɺƵ۹ĳ͢УҲֵòɿѾյǵĹ飬˵Ϊ飬ӴһǺʹƿսǧָ˵ӶѲֻûнڶѡ⣬ǱҲ˵ͻǻظ
ڣһͻ
ߣȥߴƵسǸǽİμжǾӵĴ飬Ҳưոݣóȥˮѵջ𣿴Ƶͻʣ׽
ɳ޿ɺŭƽ
һݷŭĹڷãһлԶԶ޷ƽϢŭ˫ѾǩЭ飬ڳƻĺƽ
ȻƻЭ飬Ǿ͹ֲˣ

ʱͻȻһҴҵĽŲ⴫ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һĸߴͻսʿɫҴң洳˽һ֣ϥڵء
飬ɺĿ
ͻսʿһ˵ţһ߽ոյż˹ȥ
ߣ˵ܲٲܲٵ֮ǰôξǣûãʱ뵽ֲˣ
ɳ޿ɺЦһܿͻսʿ
ù
һ仰˵ĿⶼǷżϡ
ɳ޿ɺ̯ǷżʱڶʱһƬš
ˣд
һ쳹ʥɽżݣɳ޿ɺףͨޱȡ
űżϣֻһ֣
֮գ֮ڣɺɽ


1610 ߵɳ޿ɺ
ʮ֣ǧ͸ֽƣеݸǴĿľ
żĩβӸһķӡǣȴǴƵӡ
ŵͻսʿӡӡΪ˴ƵĹ顣
ɳ޿ɺŭԶֹ
ǷҿҲǷˣȻˣҪսҾ͸ս
ɳ޿ɺŭɶʿɱ裬ѧн̵Щԭϵ֪ʿ裬οǾһ̣ɳ޿ɺŭܡ
Ƶ̫ˣ
ʲô֮ڣɽɽǿɺɽɽƵĻʹֹвֱǳ裡浱ͻީС
쵰һҪΪĿۣ
伴оڱϣǵƾʦԣɽϣ
ɳ޿ɺ˫Ŀŭ嶼ڷ
ǣɺ
£ҪתȥۿŴƺͻ֮ܿҪΪһŶսˣʱͻһͻȻ
󺹣ɣ
˵ʱʱ죬һӰܿӺ
˭ҲȰңΥߡ
ڡնּڵǣ˵ˣɳ޿ɺһ𣬶˲١
ʢŭʱֹģǱˣͻʺ⣬ӵмߵλĺˮ
ͻʣҲֻλԹͨԤδĺˮɳ޿ɺ侲ˡ
ʦѾʱˣͻʣѵ㻹ҪȰ𣿡
ɳ޿ɺʢŭƽ
ɺв£ϸǷţҲҪֹɺñɺô²棬˼ƣλ»ˣ
ˮҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ
ɳ޿ɺɫһ㵣ʱüͷ壬ȫ׺ˮ˼
ɺǾˡ
ˮ
ɳ޿ɺʼԻ󣬵˳źˮĿ⣬ΧЩɫҰףɫη佫͹壬ıɫ
ɺĪˣʳ۹һ
ˮʾ
䣡
仰ɳ޿ɺͻȻʲôʱò԰ޱȡ
ͻʺʹʳĸԱĸǿ׳ĸս࣬ԵǸˣһͨĴƽ죬ͬʱگ˹ءʳս񣡿ɺѵûз֣ôõķѻᣬگ˹أǺڵĶͻʺ͸߾۹ȫһ֨𣿡
ɳ޿ɺ׹ˮ̾Ϣţż
һɲǣɳ޿ɺһ࣬һףɫѿѡúˮ˵Щɫηͻ佫͹ɫѾ˵ˡ
ܱߣֶ˶޷ѵʣ
ڣͱźǸ۵ƺ⣬ǿһƣʼʱ򣬴ƻ߱ɽһ´ڲͻֺܴĺֱȡŶ֮ǸҲڴưǧ򻽵ӵ֮³ɽִƴƱʱĴжô£ɺѵ󲻳𣿡
󺹱һżŭ»
ˮ
ѵûκΰ취֮գ֮ڣɽʵ̫̫ˣ
ɳ޿ɺϱòȴŭƽͻʵĵ֮ӣѵҪܵϱһ裬ֱǴδйܴ衣
ϵ˹أگʳƻ֮Э飬ҾͲţϣκβ
ɺڷԲڳ׽֮ǰǲǵġɺǵ
ˮ˵ҲΡ
ɺַϣҲʵǱֻʤ֮ǰҲֻˣĻ½Ǹ裡
쵰
ɳ޿ɺĺ޺ޣվı۾þò
ԭⳡ䶯ͻʲĲôĶĶĿοɳ޿ɺǷŭĹ飬ڸ䴫ֵ÷з˶ڵȴ̬ķչÿһշԭͱŸ룬Լ̽ļ
ڸԤƺͻʻһսʱ򣬳Ԥϣһ֮ڣͻϲԭĸûеִĿĵأͷ׷һɢա
ۿŵĸ˵ʼϲ
һսô٣ɳ޿ɺǱȴһﲻͻʺҲһƬƽͺʲôûзԽԻ󲻽⡣
֮ع⣬ɳ޿ɺյǷʮҲ
֮գ֮ڣɺɽ
ʮֵݣگ˹أԼʳԭ׼ЦͻʵȫĬЩЩҲ˲ˡ
˵ɳ޿ɺ绢ͻʺΪҵľԷŭ²ŻдǷ顣û뵽ȻͽʵֻǸС֮ʮ֣ȻŵϢģټĸȫɢȥдٶһ㣬Ҫͻʺ׸ƺǸˣ
ңԶĸ߾۹趼УյϢһµĸ߾߲󽫹ЦǷǼ
߾ͣʿ˴˶Ե֮ضԿ󲿷ʱﻹǴڻӱ߾״̬˵߾˵͡
ͻʺΪڸ߾У˲ݵġ
ž
ȻԤϣ߲佫䣬һصϣ޴һ
£
ǰǵƽսף𵶣·һӰ߲佫һű㵲ѣԻ
ߣɳ飬㵱˹أگʳΪʲôôĬһԣǺµĲʮ֣дʮֵˡ
߾ʵԨĵл죺
ƾʵ˵ģگ˹أʳͻʺгԹʧء˵ǸƵʣܹ˵ܹɳ޿ɺɽģ
£
һ˵Ĵн˧ʧɫĸ߾佫ɫ仰˵
ⷬǴӱ˵ģֻ֮ԱǣⷬӺųơˮĸ߾ʵԨ˵ȴӵзǷķ
һ仰ʮ֣ɳ޿ɺȴ۱ڴƶδλֵĸ߾˵Щš
һսĳ嶯ҪǸƵһϸ°
ʱԨȴͻȻЦȫžž죬±һǿҵս⡣
Ԩģˮ뵺ϵսΪ಻սŴһײСɱһѪ·Ϊ۹ϵĻʵۣ԰ʹƿ⡣



1611 ɫӧǣ
ʲôɳ޿ɺˣ
ʹյԭϵϢɫ㵣þ˵ɳ޿ɺǷѾڳֵ÷зͬҲǷ겻ѣƲòսѾ֮ǰͻȻ֮ͻƣԤϡ
ΪӾϣԼϳ©ڣⳡ߻ôˣһ޴Σɢ٣ڿһˡ
ֻǲ֪ΪʲôյϢзǵû˿ĸˣ˵ζٰĲ
壬塱
ҧгݣߺ޲ѡСʶʱҲͰˣΪʲôƫƫҪȥԼԣֵԽǿԽͻԽ޷̡
£ţһٶǩҪѾʱյĵڶʮ߷ˣ
ʱһϵڶݵϣһż㣬ķ˴ӵǰ
¼һʮɢɳ޿ɺ۱ڴƸĽ˼𶯺ͷ졣֮Ҽһߵıѹ屻˸ƽ²µʵȨˡ
飬Źλᡣ
Ѿ˴Ӻŵһ֮ԣǸرϣȴѩɵ֮ھǴӺŶӶ֮
˶ǵʲôƵҴ󣬻Ҫ췴𣿡
ŭɶŭ׶Ť
֪Щ˼屻ʵȨƽ²µͷѾûˣЩֻһ˼Ǿٴν볯ãҺԼӶԿ
ǴӾԲģ
зŭƽһԵ岻ʱŲ֪˶á

ʱһƽ⴫ֻ˲Ϣ䣬һصĶֳֳꪣѸڣڴǰϥ¡

ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һӰҴ˽
£
ˣ
һٷͷָжһ˿⡣
Ǻǣӵ¿Ϊķ
ָվֱһЦݿ䡣
кθ߼
΢΢üͷ
ºαطգĽ첻𣿴ǵ⣬һˡЩ΢Ѿˣ
ָȻһЦȡһ׼õż㣬˹ȥ
ӽŽɣӹǷż㣬ֻǿһۣʱһԭüͷҲչ
Ͱ˵İɣ

ּ¼İһͻȷ棬ףҴƹñﱻ¾İٴưճԩѩش˻ƽǧǧƥüְƷ
ҵĸۡУһƽ̫չһʥּҸд
ּлӣл
ǰһ񣬴̫нӹּȵ̫һߣҸۡһĻ
ְƷӿһ벻ϲүξȻүƷĹ٣Ҳòͷˡ
үǱҵĴ󽫾Ĵ󶼻ʥ״͵үȻĹ٣͢ǰĳĶˡ
٣ҪĻɳ޿ɺ֮ǰĵ˵Ҫ±򣬺ʹһսڰϢûˡͻʵ۹װƣЦ󷽣
ҲҪ˭ү˭ĵھʦﶼ˵үһţð۱ھʦ˵Ҫүī涼ü͵ˡ

Ҹ֮ۡУЦʮȴͻʸʢŭеɳ޿ɺϢģ׳Ƴ£ھʦﴫˡҪǣʮֻߴģͻԼ˳
ʦȻ˵ҪŪűаңǿЦȴ֤Ӱ졣
λ˵ⷬʵǺܼɻģȴûֹǣѹ̫ˣȷʵҪһЩϢģÿ˶ͷϣҲʱȥɨˡ
ֻǸСʤ
ȵЦˣֹˣ࣬屳˫֣ɨһˣſڵ
Ҫţһлص죬кܳ·Ҫߡε飬ԴһŵؽӦû࣬ٶʱӦòʲôСˡǱߣŻ๴ᣬ˻٣ʱҲӦÿԸһѵǲǲ֣һ֣ǿ¾ҪϸӣǺ٣ϣ鲻Ҫٷ
үڣﻹҷ
˷׷ЦһȥԼԣػԼĵ۹Ҳأ׷ԭ򡣲κ£˱ѣȥ
ˣαжĻ׼ã۹ˡ
ɨһۣڵжİĴԶͻʴԭϮİٶһǧս漣˳˴˾ʦ
Ĺʵ֮ǰͿԿʼ۹ͣʱ͢δۣй¶пĳֱ͢Ѻпܡ
ϾڿǴִ
ԣΪ˱İûйǵҲûǵĻȥ
ڣһѾӶѾʹԼһٵְ٣Ǿ͵ڶ鶨˵
жǲ޹й
ǣһ½֪ó͢Ǳ߲ҶǣҲԼ£ģʿ
⣬αϮжָ˭
ʵ
жָӣӡ൱̡ȱڵҵպɽǴӾѡʵǿľ⣬屾ǰͻʴԭġ
ҵպɽȴƼһˣ˵Է´ࡣŶҵպɽΣԼ˲ã˲ɵԭ岻ûз˵
ֻǣԷĻҪ㡣
һ·ǧоԼƻ˿ϷִУǶԸʷ´ʱʱѡԼĹϣԼһһΣڰʷµĴϣȽŸ֮ǰٴηжһһϴзʿһֱԷʧȥսʿ
س̵·ϣӦ䣬İָӡ̡
شˣǾеһˣҵպɽλȱѵʱֵģǣ
ǵͷ
һкҵպɽϵȻ
¡
屾ֻΪ棬˳һ䣬仰ͷ·һ£һ͵̧ͷ
˵ʲôʲô֣


1612 
һɲһƬţ˶ǱôһʣҲЩˣ֪Լ⣬˵ˡ
Сǣɽϵʿμӹ٣ΪҪ߽Լ˾飬ӴӾʮһˣ
ظ
ǲûע⵽Ļʹסˡ

šֶԵϣԵϣҲԵϣ˵ˡ
¼һ䣬ֻҪ۹ͣû뵽֡
Ͽ
忪ڵ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ͼףͷһɫӧ佫ʮɷɱڣִ첽˽
μү
壬˹ϹϾء
ھ֮Уһġ񡱣ƾеԼΪĴƾ˵֮Ҫﵽġ
˾֮УÿһҪ׷ĿꡣҲжͷ­ѪʮڼĶ֣Ҳηԭ
ܹΪһĿܹ꣬Լػңÿߵҫ
ˣɣ
尲ˣĿһתܿǰİɫӧ佫ϡ
ǹǣ
Ŀйâתأڵ
ĩү
ɫӧ佫
ϸǰ佫ʹֻжʮ߰ң书Ҳ̫ߣԼʥ侳صӡ
ͦһǹһҼվţҲ΢ͷȴ¶һǧѪʡ
忴һĻҲͷ
Ӧþˡ
а
ϾԼǰڵ磬ܶණвٵĳ룬˵үүƵĵξг룬ǰĹȻҲˡ
ʷӦʮˣǰλȴҪĶࡣ켣ҲһԵɺϣȻԼ¡
Ǿвٵĳ룬ǵȴӹɵġ
Ȼûһôǿ󣬵ϵǱѾǰֳˡδʱգĳɾͱضҵ
ҪǣΪδ޶ǳʷǰеҪɫ˵δܹⳡжУͬ𵽾޴á
һû˵Ĺ£ӦĲͬ˱仯ڸĹ⻪ȻˣҲҪһѣųɫ
ûбֳȴ˲Ϣӹͷ
ĥ÷ԿຮһĹǿ˵ǴУܵĿѺĥԼûˡ
ҲֿѣͰ뱲ӵĽԼ֮޾սңǸĴ󽫡
ǰλȻȱҲһֳĺȡ
а취㹻ĥ
书Ȼֻʥ侳أֻҪͻʥ侳ΣֳԣٸһЩǿѧʱ䣬ʥ侳߰أﵽ׼Ҳ̫ѡ
ЩͷԺзӶ˵ͷѾ⡣
εѾȱʱսʱи뽻ȥ֪ԸԸȥ
忪ڵ
ֻҪս£ĩԸ
˫ֱȭҲ뵽
忴һĻ¶һ˿ЦݡȻǲǸˣֻҪս£ܾһ佫
ǣҼǵϴθ˵ѦǧڶһЩ׼һЩùǴ죬ȥɡ

ⷭ˴Ϊ⣬Ҳ࿴һ佫һ֪ۡǰ佫ӵһ˵ı¡
Ҳû뵽ȻӡѦǧҲǰս֮˹ʬɽѪο˸ѣȻô򵥡
˼ǰλ佫ͿԽѦǧһ˵治һĿء
ǣ
Ȼв죬ǻǺԥĵ˵ͷôˣү۹⻹ûйȻÿԣôȻǿԡ
ǰ佫ضŹ֮
¼ҲʱѹסͬʱֵôһԱδĴ󽫣ҲȥɣʱĲ١
վеĹأһ۹ͣѾ¼˾±øδƣһڡ

ջޱȵʱͻȻһһɱǰϥ£
ү͢ʹ͵Ѿȫ깤ոյõϢүʱס
ĻҸۡʱһƬž˷׷׿˹
Ŷ
΢΢üͷдΪ㵡ǱƣΪϵһֱбӣѾ˺ܾˣһֱûԼүϻסҸۡڴƵ֮УҲͷһˡ
Ѿ׼Ƿ깤ûνֻû뵽̾Ȼ깤ˡ
Щ簡
Ժжһ˿ͷôĸۡѾãҲʵҲһϲˡ
ߣȥ죬Ǿʽᵽۡȥ
ܿعڵһٴλ

ʲô˵ЩҵĺԼӿȣҽˣ
ۡУӵϢһ٣㵣ԼĶ䡣
ǣϢȷɣ
µ̽սս
ˣˣһȺûõĶ
ŭɶĻ͵߹ȥһžͽ߳ʮԶصһͣפϣ޴帹࣬۵һһѪȴ߶Һһ
Щأͳͳץ㣬ȫɱ
ŭл죬Χȴû˸Ҷһ£İ˵ȥ
ӽ£Ҳȥɱ¾޹˵ڻи
ŭһ죬սս

һشһ޴լ̻ۡԻͣΰ׳ھʹֻǧ׵ĵطɫϣ絶䣬Ծ

ĸҫޱȡ
⼸֣˵ʥ飬ɹضɡ£ͭţíң׶ߣ롣
ʥޣûĹͣҲſڷ룬һֻֻʯʨӡ
ЩսԺյģȻ룬ͭ룬룬ʯ룬ǽɫ룬ڴһ𣬲ʵ໹֮Уд
Щ֮ǰʥʾ͸ĴֻΪⵢڣԸۡٳûнá˵ףڣſڵɫҲĪĹϵ


1613 ׽һ
һҲ˵ĵλ֮ϣ޷ܵġ
ʽɣһƬ̻񣬺ĳ佫ĹУڴһȺϲϲĲ£ʽסԼĸۡ
½ĸ֮ۡԭҸۡҪϣʥǱ߻ȫȨɣۡЩȫǾϸѡһְأԿɿۡڵڿ֮󣬾嶼Ϊ֮̾
Ϊ϶ٻ͵ϣǿһ͢ȷĴ͹񣬼Ҳֻֽܶţӳڣڲ죬һһľˡ
ǳ͢Ĺأ
ֹһмž

һֻµĽͭڿУһɫˮðڵӻεĺк£עһֻϸ壬ڲɫȵϵȲ豭С
ò裡ӦǴ͵ĺüɡ
ĴһϵĲ豭ļһڣ̾ѡ
·ۣȷʵǴʹ͵ĺü
ЦƵͭŻϣ΢΢ЦôãԼɣôᣬҲѵõĻһƷɡ
úóǾƷ裬ܹҲУиǣһʥãһи̫ξһлǴӰԼõ˳һ˵ϴεʹͣҲˡ
һ˵ţһһڡ
Цڲʵѧ˵־ҲҲƷʲôߵ͹
ھеƷǳ΢
ͻȻڵ
Ŷ
Ŀգһ£Ϊ⣬޵ķʸô˵ԭ
ܻ֪ۡʵĳЩѾЩʼĹЩЩ˽ġ
΢΢Ц
ⷬдΪ𶯣ⷽԼ٣˵Щȴ֪ġ
ǹǱߡһֱƿأô

Ǻǣ¹Щ£Ϊǻ᲻֪һΣܹôཨɣؼģΪЩĹԱҲԭ򡣡
¼İٶŲû취ȥ£ѹ£»СС»ޣڲĹҲȥǲŷԣȴԼжʾ֧֣ĸܹۡô콨ɣԭ򡣡
һ˵壬һµƯ
еĲ豭ź룬ǰ壬ɫͲѡ
ⷬҲһʱסˡϴӺͬһ屾ܵľûرȥע֪¼Ȼı仯
Ǻǣûô壬źҲûеôǿνģǷֱÿ˶Լֱ棬֣ԶԶ֮ġ
΢Ц壬ڳ̬ܹЩģвκ飬Ҫڳϣİ塣һε飬ȴзſࡣ
ʱڸı䣬ǰǱĿɽƱĶڣһѾɳûڵ£һҲ࣬סԴӣŵĹƯƯӮһ̡
нഫΪƲʹ뱲ӣ˿иڣڿ廹ЩڳסƵƬˡ
忴ǰд˷˼
ֻһ΢Цûдš
үʱҲˣǣǼ¸óˡ
֪˶ãһϤڴϹܼһۣͻȻӺ滺ǰ

ϹܼҵĻգһ۾Ȼع
ˣ壬е¾ˣ´ۡ
һ˵ţһվ
͵£
վһ·ҴҵʧԶһ˿ɻɫ
֪Ϊʲôȥʱ򣬸һֺܼȵĸоôãӡһֱǴݲȣ·Ҳǲ죬ǵһμôȵӡ
֪Ҫȥ
֮ǰϹܼ˵ĻԺһͷû˵ҲûϸʣתѸʧ˸ڡ

ҹɫǱ߽ѹŵʱ򣬻ʹͬҲ˽չ
ʹǣһӰӶһ㻮գѸʧ
ٺ٣
ǵӰʧ֮󲻾ãһЦӻʹһĺڰﴫգ֮䣬Ӱһһ˳
ôãڻ̲סˣ
һӰŹȣĿޱȣϸȥͻᷢ˫ȻŤţҼɳڣݶȱ˼ţưͲеı֡Ϊʹôļ⣬ԵñȽɳڣڴˣһܹϳ˱ǽкպĵơ
ֻǾˣȴǲ˵ϸϾͻ֣ᷢոյǴĸġ
﹦
ǵΪֲԼȱһŹͨļһԷϸϸȱ
ٺ٣Һүԣ·һǴӵô˭˭ǺɽΪУ
ԱӸߵҲ˵ˣȻеˡ
͵һʧϣƾ˵Ժ츳һ׹ŴⷨţͨԼ׽е𶯣׶Է˼
ҪǣΪȱ˶һķţڼԼٷ棬ӵƥеһ֮һõ֣֮ʹ֮ڣʥڵ򣬾һֻӷҲӹǵĶĿ
Ҳصذʹԭ
֪ͨͳ죬ġӡܹоŸӸ򣬷ڵ򡣸ˣ
ͻȻתͷںڰеĽʿ
ǣ
ǰˣʿǾηתͷѸȥ
ҹɫ΢ᣬǿȴһεɱϯѰעⲻĺڰ֮УӰΧڵ޹
ĶԼʹǱɱʱ˿̵޹ȴǵƻͨһŮѾߣ̫ȫмŮΪƣ˹Ƿ
׼𣿡
ڰһʶޣӹա
һζʧ֣
ߣģѾźˣٰʱ֮ڣӹΧһֻӶ῿еĽѾ֧ڹֻʣӺһЩʲô֪ĹŮ
ھӹԶݼӰ棬ҹ£ݼϣһǵ·Ա㣬ıǻϢȴޣͺһֽƬһ


1614 ׽
֣
֪˶ãһͻȻӺڰдһ̣âһ֮һ㣬ӰĻ꣬ӸѸٳӵ޹֮С
صɲǣһţëϸɳЩѾ߻ûӦͱ˻Ѩڵϡһٶȼ죬ֻϢ䣬㴩Ƚ뵽ӵ޹֮С
ǰһʱ䶼ûС
ͣ
ݺᣬڿ͵ƿӵɲǣһ羪㣬ӡͬһʱ䣬İ꣬ûӵڡ
Ȼ룬ȴ䣬ֻһգۣӵķѣըľм衣
ã壡
ľмɫ䣬֪ϵ
ߣ
ɫ䣬ҪѾˡ
ץ̿ͣ
һ߿ƽʹ
һ̣ΧܼĽŲ糱ˮһɲǣɫɫ԰ޱȡ
ߣݷôãڻ̲סϹˣ
ʱ˿̣ʹУɱڰв֪ٽӵ޹ȥ
һյĹ£Է糾ֶȻ΢ЦһжֻҪΧЩ̿߶ѣִץģѰ׵
û⣬Ǽ̿Ͳѷɡ
Է糾ʶǵֶΣҲ֪Щ˳һʧ
ӵ£˵ǻڽж˰ɣ
Է糾ͻȻͷҲص
һϸȥʲôǱ޹еӡ
Щһﵨ̫ˣҪأ
ʱԶҲ£˵ȫԷ糾ЩɣǴʱ룬ҲҺˣȻ治һӹһ١
Էһ£ʱŶ֣ȻȫգֻϧԷ͹֪ͬȴһ¡
ˣʱ򣬵ºһȥɣ
ʱ࣬Է糾Ųǰȥ

ʲô಻ڹȥȫץ
ͬһʱ䣬֮УյϢĴ͵۾š
ǣԷ׼ǵȫץԾ˱ܣ
ˣ
Ӷͷ͵һȭԱߵϣ˷ŭޱȡ
壡һ壡
һǴɱ糱
ǵȫתƣ
ǣ£

ͬʱʹһصĵطһǿߣֵѪȣżӺС˳
ôʳ𣿡
Է糾ӭȥ
٣Ϊǿҳʲôʲַʱȣ֪ͨǸϽжɣ
ë˲֣ͳһż˹ȥ
ѶƹЩүǲĲֹʮǧ̿ͽֻһְҵһݣѵݣ滹ͨͨһˡ
ȻˣôʲϢ
л
Է糾ϲƬ֮һХһֻӥ𣬷ɳ˻ʹ
ֻϢֻӥһֻһУסֻӥ
λˣ
ھǱʱˣ
Ѱ·˭ãƫƫҪ˭ǺаΪУ
߰ɣȫɱ⣬һ
ڰв֪ǿʱ
֮УΪ壬ǿڵصףλ͢еү书Ʒао塣
ԭ׷ɱԪһɸΪ񲯣˵ˡ
ܵа˶֧֣λҲҲڶˡ
ݣֻƬʱ䣬ȫʧ

ʱ仺ȥ
£ˣǵȫɱһ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ˽û˵ϼ䣬Ѿ亹꣬ʪ͸ˡ
ˣں˵˵ʲôҲǷϢǸϽ뿪𣡡
ŭ
£ϢȷɣǷϢ󣬳ٳûյظǰȥ鿴Ǹص˵ʬ塣ǵ뿪ʱͻȻܵ˹ҶԷĹңڶʱھͰǵȫɱˣ
Խ˵ԽС˵ͷ­ʹսսҿһϷĴӡ
䣡
Ϣӻģ˼
ô
һɲǣش
ǸݵĴ̿ͣǧ࣬Ѿţ֮֯ġÿһ˶ĹΪӣкܶ鲻ȥʱһЩܹӾ޴á
òֲġȫһϦ֮Ȼȫûڴ˵ڱ˶һֻ۰
壡㣬һ㣡
𾪹󣬴ӻعû
飬໹ûô͡Ҫô̵ʱڣƻڹежžͽڳܴ̿һ򾡣ʱˮĬ޼䣬ܹͨġ
Ҳֻ౳һˡ
ΪʲôΪʲôƫƫԸҺƫƫҪǸӹܵˣҵȲΪʲôҪң
һɲǶҡҷƹɫŤ
ӵ飬ûоֱӾͳ󻹰˸澡ʧ
¼ɳ޿ɺǷŵڻеĴ̣ɳİжͬûоȫΪ
һΣǰƵ˽䡣
ΪʲôҪأ
ҧгݣɫԽԽ
ľ²Ż޿ɷϣ˳ͬһȣֹһεõİݵλ̳˴ͳ֮˵ܹˣһʥʺ;Źһꡣ
ֻһһεʧˣ
ƺǵðԼȥɣһ̣ɫ࣬ɱ糱
ϵĴ󳼿ԲţǸӢֱºĴӡ£ɫҰףҳһ¡
Ϣȥͻһͷأ
֮УһƬžһɲ˭Ҳ֪ܵĴ̼ӶȨŨҵԸӡ
壬ҵģ
һĹâ鶸Ȼñ
ԸȥǸжǰˡ
ǣ


һг䶨Ƭ֮һֻŸӻʹɹؿռ䣬뵽½ɡͭǽڣͬʱֺֻ׳С
ǣڿԸһˣ٣òٿǴɱˣ
߸ߵı嶸һŸϵż㣬΢΢һЦһ֮еɫ


1615 о䣡
ӱеģ֮ûʲô̫ĶվûסһоͺԤһǹֵʱ𣬾ǳ׸ʱ
⣬ҹ˶ӣǲڹлһ֧ģ֧ľݵһڹ⣬Ҳһǻʹˡ
κβ˴ӣҪ֧صĴ̿ȴ׾١
ڿԸˡ
ָһżɷ飬ջĿ⣬۾΢գʼ
¡¡Ϣ糱ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Ӱ仯ʮٴθ֡
ֻǺͬʮѾ˰˲㣬һڳߵľ硣
䣡
֪˶ã𶯣һӿƬֺ׳·̺ʱ¥ٴһ㣬ﵽ˵ھ졣
ʱţһ¼Żǳãƽ˺ܶࡣ
ҲٶԱ֡
ľʦȻǰȻͬ
Ⲩѵõһ˳ᢣŸǰӦ֮ء
һ棬չں޼ӴռȡȱҲһļǿѵӱͬʱҲһֺɺ˺ܱߺټ
ҪĽλãȫǺˡ
ǰǺˡ˻ǺɺˣضﶼвȱڵıȫĲ£ֻҪǺմߣû˸Ҷ˵
еĺˡ˺ͺɺ˶óϷ
һаͰ࣬ɵĽУҲѵõʱӽڻͨеĹɹʹ컯ȫһ顣
ͬʱϣߵľ硣
䣬ķȴϢůůһɺƴӿš
ܣɵ޼ͼ֣ͣתԽԽʵ
ʱ䣬ǱΪԽԽߣҲԽԽھͿҪǲƿˡ
ɹﵽʮһ֮󣬻һʵı仯֮ǰȻͬľǳʮһ졣
¡¡
ΧɫԽԽ࣬нɫҲԽԽŨܣֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ȫ㺹ꡣ
֪˶ã䣬һ죬ǹ·һε谭رѿ
һɲ峤һ˿ƺƣ˺ܶࡣ
ǲУ
ҡҡͷ΢΢Щʧ
ɹԽԽѶȳʱӣҵ漰ƿһʱԳơ
Ȼµһ湦»ҪԼβܹɹ
а
Ȼͬʮ湦ǴɹķھѶȱȴ컯Ҫ࣬Ҳ١ԽˣŹԽڴ
һվԱߵˮһëҪãͻȻ֮䡪

һͻȻ⴫δ䣬һ󼱴ҴҵĽŲķ򿿽
Ƭ̣һĽҴڵϡ
£һ˵ӵˣмҪҪү
Ŷ
üͷһΪ⡣

ܿ죬һݵĽ̫࣬ŲҴңײײ˽
үˣ塭ӳ£ӱץˣ
ݵ̫ɫ԰ף̼ޱȡ
ʲô
Ϣ𣬻վ˾䡣
û巴Ӧͬһʱ䣬һϤԺ
棡˾޴ʣʱ仯֮δܽΣ۳ʮ㣡

ʮѸٴԺа룬ͬΰʱ򣬰һҵȫʹǧһ
̫߽ҵͬʱһϢʹҺ󹬣Ⱦ񼫣Ѿ˸ץ
ȻʱѹţʱܱΪҰη粨
ꤣ
Ƭ֮ʻ˸ڣͨ籨ŵĽ̫棬һԣɫأޱȡ
ڣ޷Ϣ
⸭ϴȵڣҲûжõʱ䣬رɱӵǻԭΪѾһˡ
û뵽ȻݱӾȻץ˸һԺ֮
ǱҪӰʷԼδܽ۳һ㣡
ע⣬ֻʱ˼Բߣپ޶۷ȡж

ڤڤУ֮ǰ֮ʯٴԺл졣
ӡУ֮ʯҲʹáȡжĴߴٵĴǣȻ¼ѾǵĻʹôˡ
һ£Ҳ֮ı䡣ûƣ岻δʲôӡ
ô˵ģΪʲôһʼµʱûиң
عһܿĽ̫ࡣ
Ӹе£۴СһŶҰŵģ̫ţҲҵ˼飬ӿʼ£ץӣô飬ر漰˹ҪĻӣܲ飬мضһʱȴһֱ౻ץ֮󣬹ؽ˸ŵõϢġ
ò˵һܴʧտʼʱ򣬾֪ͨ˲ִ١
շʱ򣬴ҶΪŪˣӶûе£ʱر˵ᾡϵ顣û뵽˸ٴγֵʱ򣬾ҺΪӺܹܴˣңһץ˽ȥֻܹܴԸСүȻ㱻˸Ĵˡ
𲻾֮ǰӹе飬̫ൽڶĻ֣̿Ȳ֮ͷͣرκڵ֮ں袵У߳һ袶ͽ˼Σʹڹ͵λǣΪ˻λߡ
˭Ҳû뵽ӾȻһͱؽ˸
˸ɷĴʱ򣬶Щ̫͹Ů˵ǰδеĳ𺳡
û˵ֻüͷ¶˼ɫ
֪һ𣿡
Ƭ̺ٴε
֪鷢̫ͻȻˡң漰ӡܶϢˣūҲ֪
̫Ǻ죬ֲѣͻȻͨһڵϣ
үӲˣһҪȾ
˿Ҫˣ˵žҪͷǺܿ죬һɻзֹס˽̫Ķͬһʱ䣬ӽ̫ͷϷ
ģһὫӾȳģ
ܿţڣüͷԽˡӽ̫ϵõϢǳޣˡӻҺ󹬣Ⱦץ˸еϸڼһŲ֪ȫǼٴٵĴġ
ƾЩϢ֪ݣƶЧĶԲߡ


1616 ʷϲľ䣡
ҸʣһҪ֪顣
ۣа
ϢޣҲԴУҲ˼һЩƬֻ֮ŸѸٷ˳ȥ
һ·ʻʹʱ򣬽ֱߵһЩӰӰһֱܿɶȥ
ꤣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ٣ܿͣͬһʱ䣬洫
үʹˣ
һãƿӣ̧ͷֻǰĴƻʹֺ׳һģ́ͷʱȴһ˵ĹС
еĳŽȫˡ
аһ
ƻʹҲȥüأĽϤҲ֮ǰ¼ʱ򣬾﷢ģſڵĽҲЩӡ󣬵ǵٴţȴЩҲˡ
ſȫһףϵĿ׶һ
ֹˣڵϢҲͽЩ죬ûôȡأġ
ǰˣ
ڳ˼ʱͻȻһǰ̧ͷȥֻʹſڣһȺֿһعŵĽ׽ͳӺǰ
󵨣Ҳţ
û˵ȴ̲סˡ
ߣչ£֮ڣ⳼˳飬Ͻڣ㻹ذɣ
ͳɫ˫ŷǹһᣬڵϣһ˽ģ
üͷһ壬üʱӹһ˿ơ
ݣǹеȨ󶼲׵ûָʹһССĽôôŰ衣
֮˵ô£
ʲô֣
ͻȻڵ
ĿӦǺӱʿɣѡϸı׼ʹǳͨشŵĽҪءԪϡѪӯӦòŸոմﵽأҲʱ䡣ػжξ룬㹬ŽѡεҪ󣬵˭ѡģ
˵Ŀθֻ仰˵ɫ԰ףɫ䣬һҵɫȫտʼ򶨺ʹݡ
û뵽Ŀ⾹Ȼ˶Ÿոͻƻû죬Ҷڹнѡεָƣһ۾ͿҪ
һ̫ڻʵ۶򣬲ΥĴƾҲͬˡɣȻΥֻһ˵ݣʵͲС£
ҪǣԼҲ֪Լͷλãøô
Ҫ׷ʱ¾·һ
뵽亹乣ﻹа˿
һССĽ죬мԴҲ֪ʥʶ͵سǴƵ𣿡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ʱһȴӺ󷽻ʹڴδ䣬һӴźɫͷɫ˿£ɫ࣬Ӻ󷽴
ˣ
ͳ컹û˵ΧعŵĽȴɫһݣ׷׵ͷ
۾ʦЩ˾ηͬϲװӹŵģҲֻдƵ̫ˡ
ȶ鲻࣬Ķģ֪Ϊʲô˹֮رϲӹţĳԾӡ˵Ȼǻ׹ݣеʥҵ̫
۳һأʥ׷̫ݣ˼ɵ֡
Ȼѧַ棬ȴӵгѼ츳һ̫λõУȻѴƵԼ˰˵ΪһЩʩƵĹӯϡ
ڴôһӴĵ۹ѾǸǳɹ۵ˡ
ֹˣ̫仹ƹŮ̫࣬Լٺ»֧ǱȻ֣񸮵ܹȫȴûȣһհ
ֶⷬΣ嶼ò֡
Ů̫࣬Լٺ»Ҫ̫ͨȥҲѹܻô£ЩĽҲҪ֡
ں󷽿ȣͬƤһӡУȵ˹֮һȣƤЦǽȴɫ࣬ЦƽӽȻͬ
һɲǣһ·ܵʲô
㲻˵֮ڣ£⳼Ͻ̫ĿˣѵҲ𣿡
ɫ䣬Ҳ˵һһöƴСצͼĽɫУͳǰ˳
ƶǳĿءÿײ㣬ÿݣиԵƣأԽ£ôŰ˶ֻצȻΪλĵһ̳ˣҲֻצʹУצģҲͲ֪ˡ
ңϲɣ
סĹŽ죬ȿûʲôɫǰݰֵܣ˭Ϊ壬˭ΪȣԼ̫ȥ
ʥԣֻҪ̫ҪĶһɲΥնôΥ𣿡
Ⱥ
²ң
ɫһ䣬æ˵һߡ
ǰѾսս亹乣ֻΥԷУȳִ֣צƣý¿õһߡ
ߣŹŸϿÿ

һѣԭվڹſڵĽһæ˵˸Զĵط
ֳ־צƣն࣬ҲΥ
͵ܣߣ
¶һ˿Цݣȥ
ţ
΢΢΢΢һЦһ𴩹ţһнĿУʻ֮ͥС
˭Ҳûע⵽һţһƬޱȡ
ֳе׳ʲôˣӱץ˸⵽ô£
ֵܶ˲Ŷȿڣƽ
ѵ֪Фɱˡ
ȿżɽɫء
ʲô
仰͵۾Եȡƺ֪ʲôĵ˵ͷ
ˣ
һɲǣɫһ˲ȥ
Ȼûϸ˵ȻףеФȻǺȾλ
ô
κˣѾȫʧȥƽ
ФеĹؼ빬ҪλФӵΣֻҪλФ࣬Ȼӭж⡣
ֻû뵽λФȻѾ
빬֮ǰʷϲģ
徭ٳɳһϴѾףФʱ͵޶֤ǱԩģҲѾϴˣ
һɲǣгޱȡ
֪Ϊʲôղ˰ɡһλⲻС¡£˶š˵黹ǣ浽һλӡ
ɫص
Ժöģֻûʲôǲܿĵġһֱҹӣǣھоշǳˡ


1617 ޶֤
ʲôʱģ

ҹߵŮֵʱѾԾˡ绪ǱߣѾϰᦣ׼ɥˡǴ֪µġ
ȵ
ȿеãȻҲ̫ˡ
ӵ£漰ҳţĳĴ鶼ǻἫڣԼӹ̫࣬Ҳ֪顣̫⣬ڹеĵλ֮ڼûʲôӴġ
Ҳϵȵԭ
Ҫ֪أ̫Ǿһ
ﾲĵģšһԱ˫˼壬ûдţ֪ҪʱȥԵϢӺһߵýФһȡ
ĵҲҪ
Ф֮鵽ôֵģ
˼Ƭ̵
Ӻ⣬ӴҲлرܣ˽飬͸Ӧأ˶Ŀôεôܱ׽¶嵽ڶÿɣƫƫǱߵҲֻ֪ĸ˵
ʶˡ
ȵ
ǻʼҳţڵͳͳڣ鱾ģ޴֪ҵǴӼФǶ߶̫ദ֪ԭί
ФУ˵ĿùҲû˵档ǰһʱ䣬ФǱߴһ˽ţ˵ǴФѳȻ·ѾϴּģԱ𣬵һЩĴʾ仹ܹϡֱ
ڹǴɣֱӾͳ˸ǱΪǷФĹŮ˽飬˽ż㣬С͵͵档ǾйĹŮ˵ⲢԼģһ˵ФﻹиĶ漰һλͬСɣ˸ǱҲҵȡж
У˸ФǷǳأϾ鲻СŪˣ˸ǱҲ𡣵ĽȴԤϣФ޹غ֮УѵˣӴӲʾ˵塣
壿
֣һ𣬶˹
ţ壬ױʵİĽһ⡣
ĵ˵ͷ
ʱѳ˶ˡڹϢҲǳ𺳡ǲƭ˵ģĸö壬Ҷţһ˷ð˵ġ
ô
ɫĳӵ壬ȻҲǼģ˵ģӴӲӵĶû뵽йؼԵ֤ݾȻ
֮˸̿ФߵļŮҲй㡣Ǳߣ˸ҲѳһЩФФ־ʲôʱѾ϶˺ܴ𶯡ֻҹФͻȻηɱúܶ˸е𺳡ȻѾڼϢǸСϢѾɡҪ˶ãͻ᳹׵й¶
ɫص
һƬţѹޱȡ
гġ
ңǴɣ
ΪӣȴͺȾƾһ㣬ѾǸ
ҸҪǣȵ˵ӺФˡ˽ᡱֹܡۿȻ˵СϢûжţϵڷ飬оʮа˾ġ
ֻ࣬ܲǼ˿Ķѡ
֤ټ֤֤֤ڣӾϴϴɾˡ
ФΪಹһ˸޶֤
Фһܶණ޷ȥ飬Ҳ޴ȥ飬ҲԽʵ
嵣ĵĻԶֹˣһϢȥºǷϴίԶʧȥ˼̳дͳΪһʥʵʸ
ûκ˻һҺ󹬵˳Ϊһ㣬ҲѾʧȥʸ
ڼ̳˵ϣ͢ϵسҪκĶҪСĶࡣ
úݵֶΣôҰģ
ʯ䣬Ժӹһ˵Ӱ
Ȼе֤ݶָӣӲ廹ţˡ˽⣬Һ󹬣˽ͨ顣
ˣҲܳΪλƵġ֮֮ʯġˣ
ᣬĬþò
ӵ飬ڹôӻҺ𣿡
ͻȻ
ߣô򵥾ͺˡ
Ц
ΪõĹϵ£һ죬ǸФǰΣ䵭ޱȣƽʱիôҲǺ˽ˣ̫ˡ˵Ÿոձ¶Ǳ߱˸׽ФԾˣҲδ̫ˡ˶Ϲӣѵⶼ𣿡
ңҲФ£߷̵ļū澣ȫΪһЩʧҲӰŶ̶̰죬ЩŮʧҲ̫ˡ˽飬ǺιأФʱΪĵū澣ӦϤĵ𣿡
ФȻǰó裬ϾҲһλɣһ˵ԾߵūҲʧˡλѹĽŮ̫࣬һһöڹʮϹǶϲ䱾Ȼ쵽һλϣҲδ̫޼ɵ޷ˣ
޺޵
Ȼû˵˶֪˵˭˭Ȩ˸һ飬˭˭ܵõĺôЩѾ֪
û˵ڣ¶˼ɫ
һԣȵûдţ壬൱ŷ֪ʱض˼Բߡ
ӹѺĵطȥһ°ɣ
֪˶ã۾ڵ
ФܶණѾ޷׷飬ĵĴΪĺ˵ʳһЩ𰸡
ǱǷʱ˸˴أڵ˸䱸ɭϣһ岽һڣ˸ܿãǱѾ׼׵ʱԽȥ
ȵ˵ͷ˵źܿ˸ơ
ݣ
Ƭֻ֮һߺȣѸٸı䷽򣬳˸ȥ

壬˵ôˣ빬𣿡
˸ĵ˺Ŀݲݣͷ͸ͷϷһС档ֳϣ
˸ĵΣɭ䣬ҰգС¶΢͵ƻ⣬ǵΨһĹԴͬеϣһ㡣
ģ£һģϣֻҪҪһû첻飡
һȰοô飬ӱץ˸Ϊ̫࣬ͬһ٣Ҳͬؽ˸


1618 ʥӡ
ҵĻ˲һĨѩĹ⻪Ǻܿҡҡͷеɱȥ
ǣεͬСɣ˵Ф޹ѳҵ壬ûô򵥣
˵ЦΪֹĪе֤ȷʵָٿĪ硣
²Ҫģûû˲ҲͰˣҺ͵ദôãȻ֪ô¡ҵ𣬵֮ս˹֮սȥʱ򣬻˶òܣԷҪǿ̫࣬ǸʱΣտɱڴˣһˣϣŴӻһѳܴ͢졣ǱߣȻ޵ҪǲòһƷְ
һԵ
һⷬضΪȣҹĿ࿴
еĴƵһ£һӻҵңȻǶĵˣäĿ
һ࣬ҵĻҲʲôüĳҲɢࡣǲԾ¶һ˿Цݡ
ǰıʱ䣬ڹҲһֱڹעʱ˵ӲòƷĹ٣һڹһ˲ƷҲЦ
ȷʵϣƺһֲ˼ͺһһ㣬ƺչ¶ԣӡΪ̣ͺϣûʲôܹסһΪ˵õѡ
ΪˣҲԸĵˡ
ȷȷʵʵڹйԮҲֻܹˣ
̧ͷа

˸ڸ⸮⸮ڻʹ֮⣬רΪҵӶ裬ڸڻʹƫƧһ磬רΪӵܶ裬з˴ĹŮ̫࣬һж˸Ͻ
ꤣֻƬ̣͵ִ˸
һ̧ͷͿһҺɫķܣɭѹ֣ͻʹн̻Ի͵ɫȻͬû˸ڲ͸оһɭϢһͬ˰ˢ˵˸Χ飬֮ʹκεطҪɭϵö࣬Щ˸䣬Ŀ׺ݣǳ裬ȸûһ˫˫׺ݵĿ׷׿˹һǴսʵȺһ̫֣Ժգ俴˵ĿҲһ޶
˸ǳ⣬һд󲿷ʱ䶼פҴӲڳ飬һŲ֪ݷǷǶ˵һʶ
һԵ
ãʥʵƣҵ빬ʱ򣬶˸Ҳ൱棬ƣʥʵƣҲȥһأҪȻ治ұ֤ܴ롣
˵ţ΢΢һЦΧЩ׺ݵ޶ãŲǰ·壬˸ȥ
ⷬٶΧע⣬ҲţЩ˵ǰӻȡöצƣ׼Щ˸俴
Ȼ˵ʱʱ죬ʱʼϲ鷢ˣûƣһϵųĽŲͻȻ˸ഫʮ˸ֳֳꪣͻȻ˳ǿûһۣһֱ֣Ŷȥ
ˣ˸ĴŹϣκ˵ȣ֮ڣϽ˸ҪõķˣһӺգ
Ϊ׵챳ȣָ˸߸ߵɫͭŵ
䣡
˵ĿУ˸߰׸ߵĳشѸٹϣԣܿ˸䱼ǰȥȡֱ۴ϸӴ˨ȴ󷽣䣬˫һţѸ˸ĴϣǽķϣһдصأһдӸɫĴӡһκ˴룬˺ѣȻһࡣ
⣬ô£
ۿһĻƤ·ɫѿĿɿڴ仰˵粻ƫƫʱر˸δҲ̫ˡ
վں棬΢΢üͷ
ô£ڸ
ɫǰȥȵ
ʲôˣ˸Ҳֵܲ𣡡
ԤϣΪ׵˸ⷬŤͷɫޱȡ
ˣ˵ʲô
ȿ죬üŭޱȣողǰºڣ˸ôǰˣ֮Ͻ룬ֱǰʧ档
ȶ˵öɫצơ
Уöޱȣ˲˵ע⡣ϵĽܵҲ΢΢ɫ
ǣ򿪴ţҺھҪȥ

ߣʥʵƣҲһС׼ǲ׼֮ڣκ˶ܽ˸
ԤϣΪ׵Цһ㿴еצƣҲ̬ǿӲû˿ı䡣
ôĵӣ
ȲȻŭɫʱѿޱȡ
ȱ̫ڹＸ˸ǡǴӵײģԲ裬Ժȥѹˡ
⹬첻˵£һΣû뵽ԼѾóʥƣȻһѣһӻңȥ˸
Ҫ֪Ÿոǰºڡ
ʶŲժԴ
ŭ
ˣ߰ɣ
ʢŭƽʱһӶߴͬʱһֻȵļϣֹ
壿
ȱҪƿڴתͷ壬ʱסˡ
Ȼ˸Ͻ룬ǲˡ
嵭ԤĻҪƽĶࡣ
ǣӣܶؼϢʲǾ޴֣
ȵ
ǣˡѾõҪϢˡ
ԤϣֻǵһЦûйͣŴϵŷһĹâ
˸ϵĩˣӡΪĿֻһۣ˳
ʥ
죬ҳ˸־ĺͯҲ֪ʥʵҲ۹ȨĶ
һ㣬еצҲ޷֮⡣
˸ĴŷϼӸҲѹԣ㿴еƣҲá
ӣ
ʯ䣬һͷԺзӶȻ޷˸ҲӣǶ˵ڼǸɫʥӡǵʱһжѾˡ
˵ڹſڣȵǷлֻɣûʵ֤ݣôһ̣˸ŷʺӡʱȷɡ
ⳡ͢ңӺФ˽飬ФһУһˡ
ӣ
ʥƣƹǷʥԷ˸ģ˴ӣˡ
߰ɣٴȥФ޹һ£
ȻǱûа취Լһ棬ֻܴѾɵФˣ֤ǴФ޹ҵģҲֻǴ֡
ৣһ̣ûȷӦһתȥ
Ѿæ׷˽ȥ
ȵң
ꤣ˺ܿ뿪



1619 Ф
ͬʱʹ֮УһطǽȻͬ

ֻһ񶯵һֻֻŸ벻ϵشշ£ڶĴϡһһڼ׵ǰȥץŸٵĴŸϲż㣬Ȼһ·ȥ
£ȸոմ˸ڳФĸڶȥ
УһĻһıʿһżϵݣܿ
ƻʹڣǴķΧһһһһľӲĶĿ뿪پӵĶĿ
ÿʱỵ̈Ÿ벻ϻ㱨λá
ߣ˿ҵԤϰ
ϣʲôϢжһ˿â
ʱ˿̣ϸȥͻᷢеĶķһ⾫ϸʥ󣬶볣һͲǷǷ֮ӡϷһצ۾·Ҫƿշһ㣬Ȼ磬Ƶ۹Ȩ
ʥ
һֻϷĦ֣ûһͣ¡ʵϣһöʥͱӴߣӲ
Ÿոճ£ͽ˻ʹ̫壬㻹˼԰
ӰһĨɭɱ
ӶԸӣݺʼзӦȫԤ֮УԮĽ̫ࡣ
뿪һһһҲȫڴӵԤ֮С
£ˣ˱񣬺ܲöԸӵ£빬֣²öԸʥʸ̫ƣڵο¶ǲ
ʱ򣬴ߣһϸȥһԱףͯ
͢ĹأеĻϽᵳӪ˽ƫƫΪλȴòôɡϵ¼еĻӽˡ̫Уû˸жµľͲһˡ
ףͯǴҪĻ֮һӵĺܶƻʵףͯȥƵġ
֮ǰʱ򣬻кܶĽɲףͯ빬֮Գټ˳׶ˡ
жףͯҲҪĲ֮һ֮пᣬ̤ȥѾ·ֻʬɽѪɱһ·֮ܵϵ֮λһΪδҪĴ֮
ߣףˣͲҪ־Լˡ
ףͯ䣬һ䳰ȷ𣬲ǴӣһϢ䣬޳һ£Ǽ£Űغߵˡ
ͷֱͬһ㣬¶һ˫Ҳǵһ㣬ޱȡ
ε飬޷죬ûκФ˹Ҳ鲻κεûκ֤ݣ֤ǲ˴¡࣬Һ󹬣֤ȷ䣬ֱ񼫡ˣףѵΪܻ뿪˸ɣ
ңţƾɥΥٳ飬ѵܺʹӾɣˣΪδĴ
ףͯĬüͷеȴǰδȥŤͷʶ˴ϵĴӡ
ϣֻǵȻһЦȻ⻰Ȼǰߵ˵ģʵҲֻ˵е뷨ˡ
ǣף˷İɣ
ץһЦĴλվһһӴϢ˫ɢ
ִڴ˵Ȼֻµʱ䣬ȴ̥ǵı仯ƷµȨҲ˾޴ı仯ڶ⣬һɵ֮ࡣ
⣬Ȩ
ʲôȳûôףʹǱǱָġңʲôҲѾˡ
˵󣬴ӵȻһЦȴһĺâ
ΪѾˣܺФҵ£֮͢ڣ
ˣ
仰ףͯһ͵ĳԴͣԾĿǰĴӡ
֮ڣ
͢г͢Ĺصģ飬һ׵̣Ϊʲô죿Ϊ֮ڣ໹ҪϴԼɣ֤ԼĻᡣ
ڴ֮ǰϽֻҳȥġ
ǹأ
ӵ˼׼׹أӻҺ󹬵ʽڳҰ֮ڣϴ壬˸Ҳ᳹׵ʧȥλʸ
Ժ󣬻ܲڴƵ۹㣬ƾӵһˡ
ߣף뵽ȥˡ飬ôܻȥ⵱Ȼ˸˲С¶ȥġȻ͢г͢Ĺأβס˹ܲס͡⣬ҲִܹӰɣ
ϴŰغߵ˿ڵ
û˵ֻһЦ
̫ˣȻңҪλһΣȶԸʰҡ֮Ѿֹ˵һˣϧƫƫҪܡһһҵϻλҲ͹ֲĺˣ
Ȼ΢Ц¶ζȴĺѡ
Ȼ΢Ц¶ζȴĺѡ
һκ¼Ѿȫ׼֤֤ڣФΨһ©ˣֱ޷죬ȱ
Ƕһξɱ
ͻὫ鹫ȥı£ҲѾ޷ֹ顣
Ȼ飬Ҳôܹйصģȥ澯ף˭еˡ
ЦͻȻͷҲص
ūּ
ĵģãڰвһһͷĻ㣬ϢѸ뿪˴

һ࣬壬ȣ֪еĶ¡¡һ·Ф绪ȥ
λ͵ָһ·ᳵ·ֻƬ̣͵Ф޹
ФĹ𣿡
͸λӣһۿԶһ
ԭ̻Ի͵Ĺ˰ɫĲᣣһֽǮƮ͸һͰϢ
Ȼûп洫һĺš
ЩФǰ绪̵ĹŮѾߣФЩֻҲ˶ⶣǱ⣬Ǳ·ȵطЩۻֱֻӱ乬
Ŵ򿪣˳ǰ绪Ҳ̲ס̾Ϣ
ÿﶼԼʹߵĹŮĹŮһǲȥõģرФϵɱġһЩ˵һ˵ЩѾ߷̵ĲܵŻФ©ȻҲҪǡ
һأû˵Ҳס
Ǳ취ÿ˸ǵӰɡ⣬пܣǾɣ
忪ڵ


1620 в
һ磬ڹе飬ҲšȻ⳼˸񣬵ȻˣȻԹۡ
ǺǣȻһ硣İɣƵˣǵȻȥһоͽҰɡ
˵ţܿ뵽Ф绪
յģܶණˣ߽ȥһ۾Ϳ˴һڽɫĹײġײľ죬ϸȸƣʾǰ
ײǰһЩŮ̫ഩ״Тڵϱ
忴ǿڹײģҲ̾Ϣѡ
֮Ϊп飬ⳡִ֮УФʳ޹Ʒ
߹ȥ㣬һȻڹǰ¯ϡ
һУ˼ŮϸѯʵյЩŮһ֪
ֿһФǰڵ绪ֻһƬţҪӵöࡣҿһֵζǳѬնζܹ˺ܿľģġ
ϷŵҲǡվزԸһķž顣
֮⣬廹һ¯͹ķӣЩԽĿ϶ФȷȷʵʵԵիˣӣ͸Ӳ֮ܺʲô֮ˡ
ڹһÿճի𣬶Ů֮鿴ļôܸ˽ͨ飬һʲôᣡ
һѾϳߵȣ̲סФߡһиȻѡ
߰ɣ
ͷ̾Ϣһһ߳绪
ô죿
ŤͷһԵ塣
˸ˣФҲڵĵѾ֣ô죬Ҳû⡣
صģֻ֣©֮Уܻ
ǰĿǰδеļᶨȥ绪ФԽᶨеһҪȥֹΪӣҲΪ˻Фһס
ꤣ˳Ĭ˳˼֪˶ã˼ʱͻȻһǰ
ǰ
һɳƶϣ·һĦǰͬһʱ䣬ϣƥĿ·ܵʲôһ𣬶Ȼ֮ͣ
ߣ
ͬһʱ䣬Цһƺоʲôƿţ˳ҲһԻʶ߳˳ᡣ
ȿʼʱû⣬һ̣ǰب赲ȥ·ǵӰȷ·һͫһ˶ıɫ

ڹﳤ裬¼ûвϤģһ۾ϳǰǵӰǴӰӰڵ
ˣȼü飬ƽʱĬԣٿڣһ꺮һںڰ֮С
˵ڹе̫๬Ů֮У˭Ըǵģضλȵĸ֮УλͺһߣῪڣҲŪκ죬һҧһڣ·һ
ҪǣǴߵܹ̫ࡣڹĴ飬ȴɳߵ̫࣬ⲻ
棡
Ⱥͷʶ˿ĭһԵ塣
˵ܹԸλҲֻʣߵˡ
סݣʲô𣿡
ֶͦǰ
ⲻһμˣоϣ廹Ǻ͵һһûжøС
Ǻǣү£Ѿ⳼һϽڡҴʱ漰󹬵Ů죬үΪ⳼ףӦûر͢¶үɣ
վһ촽䶯˹Ȼ˵ĺȽϿм䶼ȰĻ¶ȴǾζ
ǺǣӰбүͨ⳼ҳ飬У࣬Ӧõ𣿶ңӦ̫ǰӴʥʲôʱ̫ʲôˣӶԲˣ
忴ŶЦ˿ûõ˼
ˣ
仰ɫ΢һ˫Уһ˿ģΣյĹâ
Ǻǣô˵̫æĿˡ
ԤϣĿһתȴŤͷһվߵȡ
˵̫£ԴӶ̫һأ̫ǲǹ̫ܵˣ
һʼֺ󹬵̫ūĴӿ²ϲ
仰৵һ±ɫⷬ˵ĿۼѾʼв̫ˡ
Ȼͬ֮Уһʥʵĳӣһʥ谮Ůˣ֮ȴ޽ٽ١ⷬȻζλǰ⻥رܵҪʽ˳ͻ
ⷬ˼Ǵӵ˼
ʱĿһֱӿڵ
ǺǣūѾ˵ˣӿ²ϲֺαʵôϸ

ǣҲ빫תӵ£ⷬʥʶУʥҲ᲻ϲ
ⷬȴѧԱ֮֮Ȼʥʡ֣ıɫ
ҴƵ컹δ䣬ʥʵҲû

ʲô˼˵ûʸ̳дͳ𣿡
ĻҲɫһȻŷһɱϢ
ǻλĵһ˳λ̳ˣ㲻ݣһҲ޿ɷϵġҰ⣬۹û˸һاӣⷬǺʹӳ׵˺Ƥԡ
ߣѵ˵ʥʵڶûв̫֮λɣȻûвǵȻӶлᣬһˣɱĻ𣿡

˻Ϊӵݣмɵ岻ͬΪ۹Ժյľս񣬱һλʥмӵ廹Ǻ޹˼ɡ
˵ףжһΪжôĪ⣬Ҳж⣬ҲʼֻǸ̫࣬Ĵϣ޷Ტۡ
û˵ֻһ˫壬Ĳ˿顣ƾⷬӺ֮Ѿû˿תˡ
ϣүסⷬūԭԭһֲĴӡ
ԭԱ̼зŭǳԤϣֻ˿ϵŭݱʧӰ٣͸ճʱһ޶
һĻ΢΢üͷǰλ嵽ڶʵǳ书ҲۣԼǸ棬һλ;ѶԸĶ֡
ȻˣūҲȸˣ⣬֮أҲǷ֮أүرҲûԭġūģ̫ߵ̫п»ᴫʲôõĴš
һƽƽǡѡⷬȴ˲ɫ


1621 թʬ
ȴûи˻ᣬһȥɫҲ˲ޱȡ
л֪ˡ⣬Ҳ빫תӣҹ·߶ˣܻײֽŲɾҲܻб¶һ졣Ӻú룬Ф齫ôʥʽɡ
ԭأ
Զԭ첽ȥ仰¶ʱȻֹͺ˶סһ㡣
ū֪ˣлү
仰ǰȥո˼һ̣һʼϲ鷢ˡ

һֻŵļУһɧҵ󷽲ԶͻȻıʶʱ塢Լȵע⡣
绪
ķԺжȻһͷ˸ոմ绪һԲ
ݣ
ϸ룬һչѸٳķȥ
ԭ׼ȥһǣбò
嶯Ƭ̣һΣκεĶһ̰㣬Ѹʧԭء
⵽׳ʲôˣФɥڼ䣬ʲô˸ʱң
ҲǳԾѣ书ԶûôߣԸһ·绪˹ȥ
ǰ΢Ѹٳ绪ſڣһϢ棬ûлͷ֪һ˹
ĿһתѸٳŹȥ
ֻոջȻ绪ڣ˿ҲһƬǽ塣
й
թթʬˣ
ܣܣ

绪һТĹŮ̫࣬ĿҰڼ绪
һŮŵ˫ȷ̱ڵϣɫ԰ףһ㡣
˳Ŀ⿴ȥһ۾Ϳ绪Уǿڽ˿ľĹײġ
忪ʼûӦҲ׵׷ʲô£һ̣һ洫ͬʱһ΢ĺȣ
ȣңҳȥ
΢嶸ıɫһΣ˲˹ײԱߡ
ʲô
ʱһȴɫ䣬Ӻǰ
ˣѵû𣿡
ŭ
ͬΪıǴӣҪ˼ɼֻ֣һܹ̫࣬ݻѹס
ﱾФ޹ӺФ޹зܸɫ
һ࣬Ϣû壬ָ繳Ȼһ졣ɲǼ䣬ĵطһɫ̵ֻ绪̫࣬طС
˵ô£

һۣ绪С̫ŵɫҰף겻塣
ңҲ֪ұТڸոգͻȻ񣬺Ф
˵̫۵Ŀ־塣
ƣФФ
ɫˮФһ㣬ڹײﵷҲֻƭƭЩӵİϷ
ĿһתŴеǿڹײġ
ӼҵҪʲôˣФĹײе
û˷Ӧᶶһ˲ĿФ˿ľĹ׸ǡ
׸ѸٱһԵĵϡ

һ̣һľҵĽܴ
һ绪ĹŮ̫࣬ŵõŵŵֱˣС̫࣬Ҫ롣
ййй
һ绪ĹŮ촽ֵ۾ŹײǵӰ˶Ҫˡ
ФФ
ԶһŮǽڣһڽ˳
󣬸ԶѶոտżȣײҡҡλĹװŮӣꡣոտſڵҽҲ˲䶨ڿУ·˵Ѩ㡣

ǰ۾Ĳš
һǣԺֻʣһͷ
Ф
Ⱥ绪Фй֮ԵǹײŮӣһ۾ͱ˳ǱˣѾФ
ôܣ
һǣ˴ľ仰˵
¡
Ƭ֮һϢ籩㣬ʹ˸о𺳡
ҹոԾңڴµФȻڹײ
Фһֱ˵ҪͲԾ
һʱ𶯣׷׸绪

ʲôô飡ˣˣһȺˣ
ӵϢ͵۾Ĳš
¡¡͵ֱһӣǰȫص˦ǽϣȻһȴԶԶ磽еķŭ
Фˣ
Фˣ
ôҲû뵽㾡Ȼʼϲı仯
绪Ǳô˵
üֻһŭڷա
ɲͨ飬Ҳ֮ĳͻڵĻλᣬΨһвֻ࣬Ҫ࣬ע۹ס
еһжͰ࣬ԤϵĽУڹڴĵ飬Ҳа鲻κεĶ
û뵽һ˵ŮˣȻ˹ȫ̴ļƻ
ص£ФǱѾȥԾ˹ҪɱʱѾȥֻΪ˼ʱ£һѡֱڣŻ
Ŷ㷲
һڵϣ׳ŵӳϻ̳Ͽֵ
ܹȼ仰Ķ亹ˡ
˭óڴڼȵıŭ֮С
֮Уţû˸ʱŭʢŭеĴӡʣж˳شʧ
ϣĿŤͷԶһӰ
ͨ
ûȵӿڣϴŰغߵˣڵϡ
£
ֻ֣غߵɫ԰ףͷϸϸ亹֪ʲôʣУмҪΡ
㵱ôģһ޸֮ŮӶɱ𣿡
ҧĿɱˣغߵ˿Ѿˡ
£Ҳ֪ô£¿ԷģѾɱۿԲܻţʱǧȷ
غߵ˷ĵغߵжҪִߣݵλжһǸġǲ֮ǰϽͳԷ糾ǴжĲһ򾡣ֻʣһ˽ӹһ٣´Ӷʱڣ֮⣬˿á
ڼ漰࣬Լλ֮ӲκΰѱԲԳɱţԸɵФ
ֻФĸ˴ˡ
ӿǰİغߵˣбòһɱڣһ˭Ҳ֪Щʲô


1622 Σ
վŰغһᶨӣеŭƽһЩ
У
һеһͷҲԺ
㡭ǸФȷɱ𣿡
ŵ¸ոտڵͻȻڵ
ˣ
仰˶һѸٱ΢
ޣغˣĺ书߾ȻӵҪκܹóĺۼʹФԾӶʹţܶӲ
ʵϾһͨﶼɱ
һ˲䣬˵Ŀ׷׼еϡ
£Фܵ˾޴ľţڹǶѾˣӸķӦӦþФɡ⣬̫ҽҲȥˣӸ棬绪ĹŮ̫ķӦȷȷʵʵФ
ĲͬĻش˵һĳˮס
Լ绪ĹŮ̫࣬ʶǽӴФģͬʱҲǺϤˣǶûиоǾζФ²ˣ
ʱգʱѹֵ˼㡣
Ҳţţ
˳ĬʱһͻȻͷɫ࣬ƺȫܽʵ
ѼӷˣľӪôãȴôһܹܡ
ϾԲôɺϵ顣㣬ʱô£Ѿ˰ˣȴ嵽绪úͻȻ˹ôôɺϵ¡ô򵥣
Ӻ޺޵
һʵ̫ˣФ粻ƫƫ뿪绪ʱ򸴻δҲ̫ˡ
ūʱҲͷū绪һŮ绪ǰҲһʱ䣬Ǹʱ绪ʮŮ̫࣬ФײıϵľоŸ֮ࡣȻȷʵɣʱӦûֵĻᡣ
촽䶯ɫص
ϣⷬӶʱסˡӹɣĳ̶ֳϣΪԼһ˵ȷȷʵʵûֵĻᣬǾ˵Ĳ
ڣɱϴ󣬴ӾȻЩʴӡɵģôֻһֿܡ
ǡôܣ
ңǴܽܵġ
һμƻܵжǰڱУҲǰУȻǰԼ˵ϡ
⡭
ʱ򣬶Уڵϵһ£ֹ
˵
һڵ
ǸոյõϢ̫ҽ绪ФһֱؿۣФָĵط̫ҽȡһĴ೤ţëϸ롣̫ҽ˵뱾ҪФģǶԷ²֪Ф츳볣ͬƫһ磬ܹҪƺΪФǸͨˣ⣬ûϸ飬Բŷ©
ڵϵ
ⷬڣԺһƬȻ˲Ϣ䣬·ʲô׷׿ͬһ򡣶ϣɫ˲ѿޱȡ
˶ɵĺ£
ȻתͷŹڵصޣ˺޲ߣϸǲҰ׵û˿Ѫɫ
£Ҳ֪⵽ô£ҵʱñġǸ롭Ҹ֪ô£
˶㻹ҽƱ磡
޻ڽƱ磬ŭɶû˵꣬ݺһŽ߷ڵء
Ĵ糤ţëϸ룬ⲻõİ˶ڣȻŪ
޹ڵأǴѪﻹҶ˵
£ڲ޴˵ʱˡѾ֮ôȥֲФǱһֱƱݺټؿȡĴ糤ţëϸ룬ֻҪ˵ֲ䣬ǹͻǰһ͵ˣôҪȥɱֻˣŻ⵽ɱһ˸Ҫе֤ˡ⣬ӿºܿͻᱻų
ʱףͯڵ
࣬ҳ©ȻҪҪģֲ©һϵ⣬Σδ
£֮ȽФĻңеܵ׷¾ܵǣ
˷׷׸͵
ޣٸһλᣬճǰµ̯ӸȫʰɾʲôʽһҪФʧ⣬Ҷ壬һһһҪ֪֮ǰϣٳκƿز˵ı
Ӻǰһ仰Ƕ˵ģһ仰ȴǶŶһ鱨ϢĻ˵ġ
ǣ
ͬʱӦǡ
ŴӵĻһεİɱʹӿ

ʱ仺ȥФһ캳ʹӰбҹĻ٣һָƽ
ˣ
ڻʹһķУӴ򿪣һӰ˿ɫһΣѸٴԾ˳
ΣһҪֲ
µһӰУа
̽ӻرѾ뿪ʹصĸۡйеĹأ⳼ǾԲڹйҹģʵȨҲԲΥб˼ˡ
ҿһеô°ɣ
飬ھ޶ЩԺˣѵԼϰߣؿϲһţëϸ룬ԼΪǸͨ˶ˣֻԼ뿪֮󣬻˳֣һ룿
ʲô˵һжҪˡΪ˽֮ФʣԶ׵ʧǵļС
ݣ
һѲߵĽӲԶѸԶȥһݣΪһ̣Ѹʧ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ȣڻʹصݼϷӶѸٵִФڵ绪Χ
һܶݼȥֻԶ绪ƻͨȻҹɫȴĹŮ̫߶绪ҲԼǿ˽Ѳߡ
飬Фָ֤ҪɱԼҲòӦФΧ֡
ϧЩҸûκô
޿һ·ѸٷӶݣڷȥͬʱһĴ೤ţëϸַɳЩ绪ĽԶûпһһ׷˵ڵء
ЩֻǽŪιȥѣֻҪ뿪ʱ룬Щͻѡ
ϴѾ©ж޲̫ĺۼ
ֻҪɵФЩţֻФУĸֻһʽġعⷵաѡ


1623 찣
ӣûФ֤ʣҪص˸Уһֻصԭĵ·
ҲӱģֲΨһ취
ݣ
绪УĹŮ̫׷׵£һ·Ѵ֮͵ִ绪Ф޹С
˭
Фһɫ£ɢƺ׼ˡͻȻڷгֵޣФԱһϾǹе侪ңһ˫۾ޣһֲŭĵϡ
һĻҲòϣƫһŮˣȷʵЩ֮
ˣС·ġ
ʲô·ףҪˣϽ뿪Ҫˣ
ФɫȻ
ɨһλеָв΢΢һЦФȻֵ򶨣ǲָȴй¶еʵܡ
ȻǰλԶֵôȻη塣
Ҹ߹ˣվֻǸͨŮӰ
ҡͷ
εжЩǣڿԼˡôϴεжĳϰߣΪȷˣڽϰ֮˳ֲһ롣
ⱾͲһѵɱһͨˣһʱ֮䣬Լˡ
ﲻػţκεʹ࣬ҼУҲκ
΢΢һЦԸٺǰŮӶ˵Ľһָ̤һ̽㳯Фץȥ
ԾķѾùһΣãһΣԾαװФعⷵգѵӰɣ
ˣ
ץȥʱһ̣ʼϲ鷢ˡ
ֻâһԭڴϵФͻȻʧת֮ĵط
һ˲䣬ɫ
㵽ʲôˣ
ͫһо״𡣰õϢФӦֻһͨˣһ
ǺǣްɣүѾܾˣ
⣬ФһЦͻȻڵ˵Ļȴɫޱ䣬Ƥֹ
˵ոһɲֻǸоĻôһ̣ѾȷɣǰһоһȦףרΪȦף
ЩͷԺһӶɲǼ䣬иоǿҵΣ
Ůˣ㲻Ф㵽˭
־ŭԭͨͨ̽ȡ绪ͻȻ֮䣬ȻΣޱȡ
ǺǣѾʱ㻹ڹ𣿡
Ф¶һ˿Цݣһ߾ĶŶޣһѸٵȥһ롣
ߣ޴Ůˣһ̫ˡǻʹ棬ΪܹԸҪɱ㣬Ȼɱһ㡣
޵ĿһݣǰŮˣжʱɱ
Ůʲôı̫͹ʵˡѡʱֲûԭģڹŹرգеĽͳʹͳ춼ӵŮ˽ҲĶ֡
һ˹޴ĻչҪΪԼ޴ۡ
˵֪ģ˭ȻҼðФڴǰʧųŵ棬һ߷ڵء
ˣ
âһȣѸʧںڰ֮С
һɲǣУӰɱءԭɫ򶨣̩ȻġФҲһɫĲ԰˲٣ͬһʱ䣬һǿҵΣոд
ԭΪ¶˶Է֮󣬶Էٻ˼ɣҲѸ뿪û뵽ԷȻ˿֪Ȧף뿪ֱԼ
һǣǡФҲŵûʧɫ
𣿡
еΣгʼαоεɱФɾ
¡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ӰĽһööţëϸ룬Ӱ˷šФʱͻȻһ죬գۼ䣬޹صİɫ֮һߴӰϴźصףϸźߣһһ㣬͵شһܺ˳
䣬һܱײ÷ֱķѣеķ춼ǡǴźףϴźߵӰٶޱȣֻһ뵽޺͡Ф֮䡣
¡
䣬Ľţëϸ밵һǵضȴǵߴӰǰͬһؼӲͭǽһ㣬ȫ˿޷
ôܣ
ͫһ˵Ķıɫ׼ӽ󽫼ĸ֣ҪȻҲΪӵұִۣЩˡ
ʵʹͳ֮⣬ûĶ֡ͳͱӵߣʣµģ֮ǰֵ÷зĽͳԷ糾Ķ֡
ҲȦҲ⣬ŵԭ
ֻôҲ벻ףôܻĸ֣ȻӲһУ˿ֱ˼顣ʲôʱðĸ֡
Ȼı仯ں桪
䣡
ڽһͬʱըһ޴ظ޹⣬һֿ֮ƣҵһһ˵ĵط
ۣ
ֻģŤԭһ˵ĵطһӰ͵ĸ֣ſھһѪǱ޸ؿϣѪ졣
ôܣ㵽ʲôˣ
ǰ棬·һĴڣиֳһĨȿ־塢ҵɫûӡФӰȻ˿ֲ
ȫѹսԷʵԶԶԽԼһ۾Ϳڡ
һȷϹڸУû뿪ҶԷκкܴĲ죬ҪΪǰһλǲϧΥƽҹ
ӣ
ʯ䣬һ˿ҵɫԺֻʣһͷݣ룬һΣΪһ۵磬µӰͷɽѪѸٳŹ·ӡ
ȥĲֻ̣
ڣΨһǣԷʵǿṦȴδرȵùԼֻҪ뿪绪ķΧԻʹ˽⣬һѸٵĶβأӹ˽١
ֻǣ޻̫ˣ
ণ
һХֱƶˣҹʹļžһץݿ͡һĳˮס
޲Ÿոӳ绪ûӳƬΧһ̣ҹ˷Ļȼ𣬽绪յһƬ硣
ڻ֮УĽ˻ţִ̼ףΧˮйͨ
꣡
һӶң׼绪ﴳ޵ֻ˲䣬ļһ㣬¡
ץݿͣ
Ҫˣ

һ쳹˷
쵰
޺ݺݵȭͷɫ԰ޱȡ


1624 䶨
û뵽ԷȻ˽ƻʱ̽ΧûˣҪȻҲȦ֮ˡ
ȻԷӵļһȻȽֲڸԶĵطֱʱȫΧ£
˵µЩ޵޳׼ƴһĻôһ̣󷽣ĹŮ̫ࡢ͢ӵŸʱ޶ʱɫһƬҡ
ԭţ벻ȻġԭҪıФ
̫ɺˣȻФӣ
ʲôĻʹһҪʥʳ飡ǿסǸݿͣҪˣ˵ʲô
ץסǸݿͣͣ

˷һﴫĻ޵ɫ԰ףһ˲ˮסħһߣһɡڲʲôûˡ
ڻͷɱФҲѾûˡ
˽Фǻ඼ע߳˸
߳˸ؼӣ

һɲǣͷգԺжһͷȻûκ֤ݣȴ֪һĻһӰ
ԼˣһͿء
ŴҲʧˣ

ʲôޱץ
֮УӵϢһŭ쳹һɲǣ·
ôܣôܣܣ
֮У쳹Ŵӵŭ
ֻȥԸһ޸֮ĺѣ׼۷ΪȻᱻץôܣ
ţ
һ̣ӷŭ˫ۣȫš
£ǧȷҲû뵽ФȻ˸˸ةҲ˹ȥ
£һڵأΧףͯȶͬڵأɫϻ̳Ͽ֡
̫ͻȻˣǶû뵽
ܣܣͳѾȫҵ֮У˭ôǿ󣬾Ȼֻһͽˣ
ӽҧ󼸺ŭ
֮ǰĲ£ѾԷ糾ִʣµΨһĲ£ҲĿɿĲ¡
ʵǿĲȥңʵɿĲ£ʱڣڹϣȥң
£Ҳ֪
ɫ԰ףȫ˷硣
Ǹӣһ·ȥ֪˶ٶ֣߻˶ٴжûгֹ©ȻôһǺܸӵжȻ©һµ޶ץˣÿжֲ̿
ˣˣˣ
ӿ˻ֵ̿ӣԽŭ
ôܣܣФĻ壬㣬һ㣡
ڶзȥ˵Ȼŭ˻
壬鲻ôԲŹ㣡


ŴӵŭһֻŸᣬӻʹɳһ·ӹ뵽ʹǧ
үϴε©֮ѾץסˣһϣǱˡ
̻Ի͵ĴУסֻŸ룬ǽӹŸ룬ֻǿһۣ΢΢һЦ첽ǰǰһ
⣬ļ֤˸ةڳĿڶ࣬뿪˸Ӧǰ϶ˡ
ϣͦ˫΢գĬĬţû˿顣
ͷβԤϵĲ࣬û̫룬ӽӵϢһ֪ʹѲ˹ϵ
ĺֶΣҲֻС
һСФôӳ˷硣
Զ֪һ𣬰뿪ʹԼӵڸⶢңһжΪ֮
ӶĽ̫رǳϴεľӺͱ¼֪Ǳ߱ضԼΪ޴вԼһһļ֮¡ֻҪԼκһ㶯пôӲɡ
ˣʾһһôӿΨˣŻԵԼµЩ
үǼӵ̽Ҫ𣿡
һԵĳԪʵ
ˡ
˰ֵ
ȥɣ
ʵ֮ʵ֮ΨˣôӺǷֱ治Լͼ
⣬ǣдлл̫
˶ٽŵ
ǣү
ǹ
ʱ֮⳼Ͻ빬һɣҲ޷Υ
۹⣬ܹһͷ˵ĸָ̫ǡǡһλʥʵԣ⻤ȫ
⣬̫ҲǳУһڼףִϺݡ
һ˵жܹɹ̫Ҳ١

ʱФǱ˰ǿԾŽѺ⵽̿ͰɱԼŮ̫Ŀãڹ˾޴𵴣ʹʮȫĴŲ飬һ˴̿͵ĴΧж
һƺƵжչͬʱ֮˸⡣
¡
һ죬Ŵ򿪣Ե˸˳
ڳˣ
̧ͷ˸գипѡ
һĥѣȻֻж̶յʱ䣬˵ȴ͡
һΣҲһΣ뵽˸֮УǻҺ󹬡
һ붼ûġ
һΣ壬¾ĳΪҲԶʧȥλʸ
£Ϊ˻ʤֱ伫ΣԺҲˣ
һӶߴ̰һ˸ڽȻͬϢұԽϧؼյĻᡣ
Ψʧȥ֪ϧܻ뿪˸ֻҪε飬оͺ²ѡ
ֻȨϣĶûȨͻ˰ڲһٴα˸
壬֪
һƬžƬ֮󣬴ƽƺȻͬ
һʶתͷȥֻһԵǰĿҵķ򿴹ȥֻĿᶨһɢһɺƽȫͬĹâ
һΣҲˣȻ붷ǾǶװɣ
Ȼ֮ʲôпϲ
һԣйâƱۣƱ֮һпᣬһεĥҲףڻλ֮оԲκһĴҲӲ
һ㣬Ͷ˴һ¡

ӵĳֵ÷зǣĺ¼Ҳڸһ䡣
ʹУܵһϵġšФԽԽºһʧ㣬СˣһΣФȴûڹ̫Ĳ
ڡФ֮󲻾ãһֻŸų˳С


1625 β
үţ
ֻǿһۣɫʱú죺
ǹФ£֪Фô£
ڱ仰Цգӻûסеĺ棬
ûܵס
Цԥľܾˣ
ظӣԼ²£ǲġ
ӽǺ棬ΪһӣݰЩ֪ˣδǺ¡
ˣ׼ɣ
ӵżϣվֱȥ
УԪ΢΢һЦȻû˵Ҫȥ˶Ѿ֪
岢ûʹƽݣǵһͨͨò۵ɫڳתһȦͣ˴ƾʦǶһ֮С
һƧԺ䣬ԺӵĽһЩͦΣʾһïʢ
Աߣһ峺ϪʹϪԣһӰõվţƺڵȴʲô
ǵϤٻӰ΢΢һЦӭȥ
ʲôʱ򵽵ģ
˵һ˵ţһߴųԪǵǰȥ
ϪߣŮĶתͷֻͬʱ͸һӺݺͻ󣬺ȻǲǰвŸոʧġФˣФ¶һ˿㵺ͻҡ
ô棿ڱǰ㻹¹򣿡
Ф־ŭ
԰廹ûпڣĳԪǶѾ̿Ц
ˣ
ҡҡͷǰŮƤƺҲ޿κΡ
󹬵ѾˣԺͲҪ⸱ĿˣҰ㻹ûرĿɡ
ߣܺܣͬʱܱΪҰģҲֻһҰˡ
ȻĻǰŮһͬˮ仯գ֮䣬¶һӽġǶŮ̿͹Ұ㡣
ߣҰĲ£ֻ˲ͬҰʼɱģ󷴶շˡ
Ϊ孳һЩ飬Ұǰ뿪˶孡ֱڣһнҰٴγ֣صߡ
ʵϣɳѦǧӶ孵ʱ򣬹Ұ㻹٣а˼ҪĽɫѦǧڶܻôĽչҰ㹦û
үҰòɣ
Ұ΢΢һЦڡȻѾΪү֮ǰķҪٸһƷԺգҰ㻹Ǳүĳƺ
ˡ鴦ôûɣ
Цݣһ
үģҵȻûүôǿȴǶǧ괫Ҳ빬ǳҶǳСģ仯¶κ
Ұһ˵ţԺ֮ȴһ߻֮ǰһĻ
֮͢вܣɱТǳ֮ˣȴַ֮ˣ֮֮񣬱ضϸأ˿Խʹ֮УֶĿĵģضֻǴӣ
ӱץϢʱ˾ۼһѹޱȣûж֪ŸոտʼѾԤϵĻʹ˭
ֻˣ˶ڹеһ̸֪Բˡ
ѾãʱͻȻȻҪء˸ͨطûв´ܵ׷ʲôӶһὫϢǰй¶ȥһˣӱض٣ʧȥλʸǵʱ䲻ˣҰ㣬һ빬£ʱ
ʱΣ̲ݻҰҲ֪ļƻʲô
ʹ֮󲻾ãҰͽӵĽһָȻͬԤϵһ㡣
ϣ»ûܹܵү
ǰŽ18ӣҰػһ£ܿͻָԽˡ
ڹҰ˵һܻ壬ǾһԼ
ЩͷԺзӶҰܿͻָ
һ࣬ȴ֪Ұ뷨
Ұ㣬֮ʧһʱ䣬ȹʱٻصС
忪ڵ
ǣү
⣬ǣȥţ֮ٸϢ
ĬƬ̣ӻȡһż㣬˹ȥ
ǽӹżɨһֻۣż֮־㣬һŮӵֱʣҲûжʣ

֮Ǳߺܿ˻ظһε飬ܶ౻صϢҲ֮ˮ档
ǻرϢҲ̾Ϣ˳õĳĬ
彻ǵǷţФ绪ҵģФһӣԴöȶ࣬޹ϣҲֻķ𾭣ʵ޻ΨһվѹŵһżԵΪͬ
忴żݣ²⣬ǵĵҲӡ֤һ㡣
ԭФڹгի𲢷ûԭģڹ⻹һܵܣΪмԲڴǰФ˫׹ܵܵĴԽѡ
Фڹеķ绪ճ裬ȫĸܵܡФһֱĲµģܵܡ

ż㣬г̾һ
ÿжһԸἰĹ£¼УΨһԵľФˡ
ǣ㰲һ£չ˺Фĵܵܰɣ
йڶ࣬Щ鼴ФҲʺȥҪܵйصĽơ岻ͬݣܶ鶼Ǿ֮͡
ưźФλȱĵܵܣҲΨһģġ
İɣһ죬ΪԼΪۣ
һ˿âһѸٻָ˼ž
ڽһа׵ٴοʼ
䣡
Ƭֻ֮һ죬Ľ⿪һֱƿҲ֮ӭж⡣
ɲǼ䣬ֻһâĴɹһ㣬ʮͻƵ˵ʮһ㾳硣
һʵķԾϷߴռ𵴣кȻԳһˮ͸ģԸܵһ磬Ƶű̫Ҫҵӿݡ
Щߵȼռ֮佨ϵʽǸǧľ硣
΢
˵֮ǰ廹ֻƾɽﵽ΢ĻôһɲǣӾ壬嶼ʽ뵽һĪľ硣
ȻһлԶûнŴǵߵȼռٴӭһ
ݣ
һǣû˿ԥһѸ뵽嫵ģɴȵ硣
Ӵɾ֪ÿߵһδǸɲǣǻ౦غһΡúãŵĺôǱ
ʦһƬžƬžУʵţ


1626 ؼС̫࣡
󹬵¼ФʧԼӵĳƽϢڳҲûӰ컹ڳš
Ļع飬ԼθߵжѳΪƵ۹籩۵ĺ֮һ
ÿһ죬⣬жңӵ̽ӲܱģڲģҲԼģӥÿ춼ҪǶǶ¡
븮ֵĴ̽ͷ̽Ȼ෴ԺǽڣȴǷƽ˾
ܱԼҰλжôļɵʱ޿̲֪Ķ˵һж˿Ӱ첻
ʱ˿̵УɫĸߵȼռΪһ㣬ڴΧ弱תյƺܹڻ
մɹͻƵʮһأͻƵ΢ʵͱһء£ÿһϸĸߵȼ΢
ֹˣϸ鿴ͻᷢľҲ˳Ľ
˵֮޵ľ屶Ļôڿ΢ľٴαһءﵽ֮߱ǰľ磬ҿǱ
˭
֪˶ãͻȻ֮䣬һĿһ˿˵ĺâ
ݣ
˵ʱʱ죬ʳжָָ罣ɲǼһĽն񣬶Ļռ䣬Ŵһݼȥ
һָƥ̺һɼµɱ¾⣬һƬɱϢһڴԣ˪һ㣬ֲһҩѸٿήһƬƬԭ̵Ҷӷ׷׵¡

ʯٴʩչſѧȻŹȴ֮ǰͬն
ռ䶼·Ĳ㣬ֳϸСĿռѺۡ
ۣ
һ͸ͬһʱ䣬ǵķ򴫳һҽУӰɫֻ̣ŲӴܶȥ
д̿ͣ׷
һ˲䣬ԭƽͶһžʯĽ׷׳ܵķ׷ȥ
ˣȥɣ
嵭סˡ
ʱ䣬ﰵﶢҵ˶ȥˣҲȥһһ׷ٴƽ
үң
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һϤڴδ䣬Ǻܿӵ˽
ôˣ
建չŵµͻȻ
үǱߣѾϢСӵ̫ܹʮ߸ȫŲ黹Ҫһʱ䣬ǾĿǰΪֹûҵү˵С̫ࡣ
ǵͷ
Ŷ
ԣ΢΢üͷ
¼Ѿһʱˣ˵黹ֻǿʼ
ӳ֮һֱ˼һ⣬׼ȷ˵˼һˣƵ۹ϣȨʥʱ¡
¼Фɱǣ浽ӺͺɣôĶʥǱ߾Ȼʼնû˿Ķʵ̫ˡ
ԴǸʱʼԺоһǿҵͷʼ̻ȥǾʥڵôˣ
ΪƵ۹ϵĶ֧ʥʵİΣϵ۹ˡκιʥʵϢ۹Լܱˡ
ֻǣ̫ֻȫ޷ʥʵ޹
һŻʥҹͣػΧڣκ˶޷˵ȥʥˣңЩʥֻʥʵ̫޷ǡ
弸ν߹޷
Ψ취ˣ
ļУʥʼݱ߹˹ȣѳʱ޴һƬңǸʱȴһС̫׵ģ֮Тٰ¡
嵱ʱҲǷǳľȣΪʱ֪߹ŮҲûչʲôŮֻǺ˵ǸС̫ƺǸ߹żȻСִ̫࣬ӣߣд֡
鹬֪˲࣬Ǹ߹ʱС̫ףµû֪
ܹҵˣмϵϸ߹֪ʥʵˡ
ԭΪҺȵӦÿܺܿҳС̫࣬ڿƺԶûеôס
үϢʵ̫١ƾϢºҵҪҵǸˡ
Щε
ṩϢʵ̫ˣһСӡ֣Լ´һ֥СǺ۵С롣ƾ㣬жҳϰٺˡ
Ҿȫˣһ֪ǲҪҵǸˡ
֪ˡ
üͷĬٴ¶˼ɫ

˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ʱһҴҵĽŲͻȻ洫ֻգۼ䣬һĻͷѸ˽ϥڵأ
үдϢҹƺһС̫࣬͵͵ӳ˻ʹǷ˾Ѿץ⡭˵Ƕֱ´
ˣ
仰˶ıɫ
һС̫ܳȥʲôֵþȵ飬ǶôȻͲôˡңѲһ̫࣬͡
һɲǣ˻࿴һۣ뵽ʲô

Ƭ֮һֻֻŸѸٴڳȥҵİЧʱеĻ죬ܿ죬ʹǱ߾ʹϢߵС̫ҲСӡ
ҪǣϤ˵˵Ҳһ֥Сĺ롣С̫иϰߣϲߵ˶ע⵽ˡ
õϢǵ˴Ϊܣֻǰʱ䣬ڡڷ׷׳˾ʦ˸س졣
үǰ棡
ҹʱ֣ϵһƫƧªһĵ̽ǰ·ʱգ£ڵѾǳһǷ˾ԶԶ޷֮ȡ
ӵõϢȷϣһֱ̽飬ǰҲֻʱ߾ѾӾʦãã纣˿У׼ҳС̫䡣
һʵǾ֮
ӣֳǷ˾ıǰҰѾѵˣ
ʱһϤӶдھ֮Զɫ̦޺ǽͷϣҰ˫Уɴһҹ£

һ
ү򣬷ִӵƺҲõʲôϢڳһ
˹ڵأͬһҹ´磬ȫ¶ϢȴɽһݿͣӰ֮к󣬱ȣ浽ߡ
ɽ̽Ϣİ취һ㣬Ӱ˿ȹҰ
úÿ죡
ɫ΢䣬Ǻܿͻָ
ǣԪǴ˺͹Ұȥһ¡ʲôֶΣ֮ڴ֮ǰҲϣܵκ˵Ĵš
ǣ
Ӧ


1627 𺧣߹Ϣ
ݣ
һӰѸɶȥ¼˴ɽ֣ʵʦºܹ֮ȡ
һа׵ܿǰ
ҹɫ谵һƬڣΧķУƺҲоʲôһϢ񣬹ر˵ƻֻʮĵطһյƻţɢ΢Ĺâ
йâһܿǰȥ
ү
Ƭ֮֨һƿţǼ䷿Сţ
үһжѾ׵СӾ档
һ
û˵ֻ΢΢˵ͷ
һӣڷ䣬һƬİĻУ忴һżªķԱߣӰվţΪ׵˴Լֻʮ˾꣬СȴͦţһȻ̬
ΧһҲȻ塣
Ĵϸɸɾûк룬¶ʣ͹Щ̫һޣȻһֱҵˡ
Сӣ
ǰС̫
ǣ
СӰ壬۾û˵һ㶼
ү֪Ȼץүȥ£ȴ⼩С£ⲻǱĩ𣿴ȥ»үɣ
ǣ
һЦûкС̫
ʣ߹ôˣ
ˣ
仰С̫һıɫֻƬʱ䣬ָΪǴ
Ҹ֪˵ʲôֻǹһƵƵС̫࣬γҲֻǲЩ͡˵ĸ߹ôţү߹βȥѯʡ
С̫ҡҡͷһɫ
Ǻǣ𣿡
ƳС̫һۣȻһЦ
㲻ؽţҲûж⣬ֻҪ֪߹ĽѡοҲСӣ𣿡
ǰһ仰ǶǰС̫˵ģǺһ仰ȴĿһתС̫Ŵֲ£һӵӡ
赭дһ仰ǰС̫࣬ԼӶǻɫ䡣
Ҹ֪˵ʲôֻһСӣ㻹ǸϽ뿪ɣ
Сӡֱͦżǿ򶨵
ɫȻûкС̫棬ֻɫĶźһµˣӻжزס
ӵѾ׷⣬ܿͻǴӵˣ߶ж⣬ڻվǰ˵ֻҪ֪߹ĽӦ֪ҵľλʥ⣬͸߹Ҳй飬ϣûбҪƭ㡣
С̫鸴ӣбòƺҲ˵ֻһöһ޶
үƽ͸ѪһѪүһǣǵ۹ػʬɽѪɱ¾Ĵƾ۹Ƕеġ
ͨ
ڣöƣû˷ӦֲµһĹȥ
ߵүСӶеүˡ
仰˵Сһͺжǧصһ˶ͷϣԼ·£˲亹·˲ʪ͸
󷽣Ԫȸ࿴һۣ˵
С̫Ҳ̫Źˣӳʹ˵Ȼһأ·ʲôһʵ̫ˡ
˳Ԫȸͳͳ˿
ȻҲƳʲôɫأ˰֣˵

һ˲䣬ͳͳ˿ðСӵҲ˿ˡֻʣ塢ԪȸԼСӡˡ
Ȼ嵽ڶ޷ȷ˾ԼеġСӡǴֻּ°˾Ųʮˡ
ž
һƬžֻһյªģ͵ƻҡҷżžĸ˵ӰڻͶڵϣİĵƻһζš
ճأ˭Ҳû˵
Ǹ߹ᵽҵ𣿡
СӵһƼžȻΪ֪֮ԼȫΪ߹
ΪʲôҪӳʹӵǲǳģ
岢ûлش𣬶ɫص
һƬžţ˶ڵĻش
СҪӣǲòӡǸ߹Сӵģ
Сӹڵϵ
¡
仰ɲǼ䣬ɫ䣬ĳԪȸҲűɫһӱýޱȡ
߹ʲôˣ
ܹ̫࣬ʥߵĵһˡڻʹУ߹ľʥʣڻʹڣԸ߹η֣Ҫ˵ˡ
Ը߹ݣ˵Ļû˸ΥСȴ˵Ǹ߹ӳʹģ
ʲô飬߹޷
Сıɹپ̫࣬һЩ飬һżȻĻᣬ߹ȥչʥʼ϶ϢʱƵơÿֻأÿֻаʱС߹Ƶƣʱ䡣
ûϸʣСӵͷ˵
֮ǰСһȥ̫͵Ƶƣȴһ·̲ءСʹ߹߹˵û¡ٺСȥ̫͵߹ȴ˵СԺҲȥˡСȻɻ󣬵Ҳûж룬ֻΪǸ߹˼ûȥˡ
ԼһǰСתŷ棬Сķ˼߹ϲԵĸ㡣˸߹Ͳϲĸ㣬һһ״ңСļǵõʹ߹߹˵ǰʥʸʱԹĵģһǲġСȴ֣ЩͲ̫͵ġ
Сӵ
ˣ
ⷬƤɫˡ
߹ʥߵ̫࣬Ǵʥʻǡʱ򣬾͸ʥ֮롣ʥεģҲԶ
ԭΪֻҪҵ߹Ȼʥʵ״ǡ߹ʥߣôڣ̫͵ĵ˭
Ҹ߹һʥĹݣҲ뿪ôܻ
һǣг飬ɫޱȡ
Ȼ֪еľһȷ߹Ǳһˡ
ֻСӼ˵
СĴǸʱͿʼġǲСôȴ־Ȼû֪ǸʳȥƺֻҪʳ뿪ŷ˳֣ʱߡǾڲ֮ǰСķ֣˻صĵĺȻһ̲Ѫ滹һ߹Ѫ˿
¡
仰𣬶۾
ʲô
һʯǧˣмɲԱԭƽ࣬Ψû߹ܻˡ
Ϊʥߵĵһ߹ʵֻ±ȵ۹󽫶Ҫ¡ĸоУƣܹսʤ߹ģ޼
δԸ߹ʵҲˣ


1628 ģ
һֹ̣壬Ԫȸ¶ݡ
߹ȻûмǾʦλ߹Ĵ˵ԲοҲΣһλ书ѾԽʥ۷壬ﵽĵز
ȻѪ
ص㣬ôܻ
ҪǣʹڣƣֹǽĻҹԳ֮Ϊɭϵĵط˵߹Ǿ֣ôܻ˻˵˸߹
һɲǣͻȻЩףΪʲôСͻȻֻʵӳʹˡ˭һ֪Ϣ»ʱ䶼̫á
˵ж֮ǰûԤϵõģ
үǧȷСķ̹߹ü꣬߹˿Сľϴ
Сڵϣһ˵ţһߴȡһ˿ҵ˿˿⻬ޱȣ滹ྫϸƣһͲͨϡ
ϵģһ̲ѪĿޱȡ
ɫأСеĽӹ˿ֻǿһۣһŶʱȥС˿еĹƷһ˿Ʋ³ļ˿֯ɵġ
ƣ³˿Ȼϵ·
ֲ˿ϡ٣ɵĳƷҲ࣬ʹõ޼ùְƥ˿
ڹУҲֻԺյʹáܶࡣ
߹ȻҲ֮һ
ո˵Ǹ߹뿪ģô£
ͻȻڵ
߹Сжڷ˿֮Сľ취һֽѯʸ߹ǸźСҲ˸߹Ļšֻȼ֣Сľ뿪ãСľͷ֣ڲҡС֪׼һᣬǰ뿪˻ʹ
Сӹڵϵ
ҡҷüͷһﲻǱɳ֣ѲȻҲǷʲôѾ֪СӵĴڡ
ɣѾ֪ˡ߹Ǳߣһ취
ʱţ֪˶ãͻȻڵ
⣬Ԫ㰲һ£СӴʱİȫ
ǣү
󣬳Ԫܿ칪
ӷ߳ȥüͷգֻҹɫһʱһ㡣
жԭΪҵСӣܶɻͻӭж⡣ڿɻ󲻵ûм٣ԽԽࡣĸоУʹ̫͵ΪģƺһŨĻȥ
ڸ̫̫Ķ
Լ뿪һʥǶʱ֮е׷ʲô߹Ϊʲô̫͵˭Ѫ
Ŀ⿴ĵطоһŨŨıϢ
һУҪ顣
߰ɣ
һܿ뿪⴦ªӡ
뿪ʱ֮󣬲һŭ壬ӿǵ֮Уһ·Ǽ񷿡ȻֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һ˱ִ
쵰
һҧгݣܿ뿪ˡ
Ƭ֮󣬻һֻŸڿն𣬳⴦լз飬ܿͨŸ봫˶֮С
ʲôͻȻ֣ҴǸС̫ࣿ
֮У֣ӱŭޱȣǷŭ쳹
һȺôС¶ãҪǺã
УһȺڵϣսսϻ̳Ͽ֣ҳѾҵǸС̫ĵص㣬˭뵽Ȼʱ֣ҴǸС̫ࡣ
죬Һԣ
ңҲû˵ǸС̫жҪֻ˵ץһС̫Ѱ
ҹ
ӱŭ
һȺĻ֣̿Ҷһ׷뿪
ȵ뿪еŭƺƽϢһЩ
ףͯ˵ǸС̫֪䵽У᲻ǵļƻɺܴ谭
Ӻܿתͷվڴµףͯ͸ܴļɵץǸС̫໹ΣڵĵģǱ߻ն鱨
·ġǸС̫æ֪ܵӦûǲࡣǸС̫࣬ҲδܹʳٶҪǣ²⣬Ҳûʲôȷ֤ݣԶʱڣӦöǻ̫Ӱ졣
ףͯƬ̣
ȻԼıϣףͯԶûô鱨ϣףͯʵȷӹɵġ
ܴһѻҵ鱨УһѪķȷϢ
ҲǴӰߵԭ
ңϾǻʹǵµĵ̡ҲڹжԵ¶ʱڣصġ
ףͯ
仰ӵɫںÿһЩ

˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ʱһͻȻӵ⴫⣬һߵͻȻٳ˽
£ոյϢץɽˣ
ˣ
Ϣӻһ𣬶Ťͷüʱһɨգ˫֮бһѩĹâԵ˷ޱȣ
ãôˣץˡȥ
΢иˣ
һԣףͯ·ʲôֳһ˿˼ɣǰһиˡ
ɽʢ֮һܹһ˵
˵ɽڲ㣬Ѿﵽ˿Թͨĵز
˲㣬ɽͬŹ񱡣һֻԣңԸ⣬˭Ҳ޷ǿ
ʱɽⲻ
Щ飬Ϊǲ˲κ͵ġ
Ҳû⣬Ѹһԡ֮ƿһܣһǰţѸһεĽݣ뵽˵ص
࣬һһȼ𣬻谵
֪ڶĵصȻһصηǰ̫ңҲżȻ֣һΡ
ھ;رʮ׵ĵ߾ŻѵĽţһǰյûʲôˣֻһͷ߰׵ĺߣǰ󣬸һı־ͷɢڵϣϬǣмǩƺʲô
Ȼǳ𶯣Ϊ˺ȻǾʦкպɽֻǺӡе˲ͬڵɽĿ㲣ƺܹٵĥ
ȥɣ
˼ֻʣ´͵ɽΧš
Ǻǣɽּˡ
߹ȥդ΢Ц
ϴʹ㣬ܾˣ֮㲻뿪˾ʦڣһ飬ñ֮𣿡
һ仰ڵնʱΪ֮һ䣬ýޱȡ
ⷭضޱȡ
֮࣡
ֻеſԳ֮ΪȴԶǵ


1629 ɽ
£͸˵й¶ʱչУʱĪǿɽһֻԣҾ㣬»ǲҪǿˡץңҲûõġ
ӵĻɽҡҡͷ̾Ϣ
ߣ㣿̫ʱڣǲҲ𣿡
ЦǼ
һ仰˵ɽɫһ仰˵ãվ̲ס̾
ΪˣΪŲнɵĽѡҲΪһΣԱŲ¹أʢ㣡
仰һ˿ŭɫ
ô˵ǳ˳ģҪ뱾ΪѶ𣿱ֻҪһԣ˴ʱ䣬ȻˣǾ͹ֲˡ
ӲҪ׷ĻˣɱңҲһӦģ
ɽɫ
ߣҿ˵ϵʱ·߼һСŮ֮һֱߣȡһС浣ϧˣ⺢Ӻֻɣ

ȼ仰˵ɽ˲ɫ䡣
ô㲻ΪиﱾҲɣ
ӵ
£ֻһ޹ĺӣΪʥѪǴδĻʴӦʺѵΪҪԼ㣬ȥ˺һ޹𣿡
ɽԱ֮ǰƽ
ǣ㲻һҲ㲻ھ㣬ҵ׻ɱǲᡣ
ƽȴһĹâ
£㲢ܽ⣬첻ɴȣҪ澴η֮ġҲȫ֪ȫܵġ
ɽ
˵ˣǸСŮȫһ֮䡣
Ȼȴûһٴظ
ɽбòó̾Ϣһ˶·ࡣ
£ҿԴӦ㣬ڲ֮ǰһҪٺ˵һ顣ϵۣóȻ̽Ԥϵĺͻ˼
ɽ
ǿɣ
ɫû˿ı仯
ɽг̾ڲٶ˵Ǿ£еϬǣֱͦĿڤ˼һ
գһɽΧȴ΢縡
һĻɫרע΢΢͸һ˿šΪһʵǵ̫ʱ䣬һڳתǼͻȻķ֣ǰδеϣ
ڴ֮ǰһҪ֪ԼǲоǲܵǸ
ˣ
ƺӦŴӵͬһʱ䣬ɽ϶ʱ˱仯
âһһ̫ͼȻ֣ɽΪļתֻΣʱռ𶯣̫ͼ仯
ɽµļεرϣݻһĴɽȻӿĺ
ݴأ
΢һ۾ͱ˳ŵĪ⣬˵Ѿݵɽӱ仯
漰һЩҪĲ㣬ݻɽӶӺп̽һ˿ܣŶеķš
Ȼֻ˲Ϣ䣬ɽֵѸݻڴɽ֮Ͽֳ޾ǳ
ǸޱȣӶԾıˡ
ĿⲢûеͣЩϣ޾ǺѸٵѰҡ
ҵˣ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ӾҵǸǳǧ޺УǳԵΪĳʥͬǵһ㡣
΢ǣ
ǳ֮УΨһһŴ˼Ӧǳ֮ҲΪǳ
ڴӵĿУǳԽԽ󳹵׵ڸǵĹâ
һξѪͿĨǳ档
ɽ̧ͷǰĴӵ
һɲһ˿Ρ
ޱ
ǴһֱģҲеĽ
ͨŽЩĻҰģλĻӣͿǰ̽ԼǷ֮
ΪŽĹĶǣǹԼ˵ıŽʾĽеŲɣЩȫ̷񶨣ܡ
ôһޱʼݣľһѪƯֵȷѪꡣ
ȫעǿޱǳָһָ̣⣬һѪĨһޱϡ

ѪͿĨɲǣѪҺѸٱ仯һϸСѪû뵽öޱУԭɫǳҲѸٱɺޱȡ
һ̣գסˡ
䣡
ͷ·ӵԼһ㣬ǵξѪ΢֮ѸٽȾǿա
ǳǳ֮䣬ƬݻĲϣֳϵ֡ÿһϸСֶ뵣ޱȣһǺһ㡣
ֻգۼ䣬ڴӵĿУɽϣһѸٳյޱ֮УȻΪһɫŷ
һɲǣη֮л谵޹⣬ǽϵĻѶǹɺڰڸǣͺеĹâһռһ
ޱϷУģĸ˼ֵּ
˵ʲô
ʱһڼ΢΢ŲǴӵ
ηһƬţɽԥһ£վսй¶˳
ɽӴһ٣ǧһϦ飡
һԣһ롣
ǰԨںһ䡣
ٷԡһǧԻٶһ
ЩŤĴص֣ɽһɲбò
ɽӴһ٣ǧһϦ飡һϦ顭ɽлˣ
һ̴ӷ·ʲôͻȻЦ
ģȵɾ֮գضٴʢ֮ʱҲ汾һ
һ̴ˬüȫһɨա
ܿתŵرȥ
ɽͺûӵĻһһޱݣľྫѪɽ˶ή˲١
Ǵʱ˿ɽ˼ɲԼ仯ȫеһϡ
ˣ
ǰѾߵ̨ϵĴӲ֪ʲôʱͣɽ
ɽ㲻˵һֻܲǱ֮ǰʱڸʲôҪŪڻ̫׾ˣȵ̳дͳϴ󼫣ϣ鷢Ժɡ
лصȴ뿪ʧϷһ¡¡Ļٴηľˡ

ã¼һ̾ϢɽŴ뿪ķֻ΢΢ҡҡͷ
κһˣľǲбĻǵ²λѧǳĻӣÿһ˶ֻԼҪġ
ָ壬м˻ȥĴĦ


1630 صˣ
Ƭ֮ɽܿͷ˵ϵϬӡ
Ӹ֪ɽĸͲˡ
Ź涨ΪĿĲ㣬һ겻óΣвɴȵĺΪĿȴֹ
ݴصˡΪŵĴˣԼһǰڤڤо͸оһʷǰĺƴΣǸʱ򻹲ԡ
ڰǰָоͻȻԽǿңǸʱ뿪˾ʦרݣȴһֱЧ΢
ȻڸոգӲʱɽͻȻط֡
ɽӴһ٣
ɽӸ֪ɽעĸͬһط
˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬ɽһɫͨ죬۵һ͵һѪ漴Ѫɫȥɺףҡһ£ε˹ȥ
Է֮֮̽վҪ۵ġ

ɽ֮ûжע⵽һСδӶϢĴţȻ뵽˻ʹǡ
һƧԺ䣬ΧǽΧţ泤дУԺӿ±ĸۡҪ󣬵ȴһˡ
ǾʦպĹݡ
ܶǰһ˰ƬԺҪԼĸۡǺûã˾ˣѾߺǶ׷ǲɢ
ٺЩ˽ȫݵĴ˵ϡ
ʦصأакܶ࣬ǽȥҪһ̽һЩʲôҲû֣뿪ˡ
һЩˣȴԶ档
ԽԽ࣬־壬а̽˶ԽԽ٣ֱ쿴оɭɭġ
ʦĳǷ˾Ϊ£صɳｫ˸׳죬Ҫһ龿ǵ󣬵óĽҲֻһͨͨ˾סԺѡ
һжûκ֮
Ϊʲô棬Ƿ˾Ҳòۡټ֮أΪ˱󴳽ȥԽ˾棬Ͻ
ҲԽɭû˸ҽȥˡ
͵ɣ
ͣ£һ£һƤñȻǷ˾Ľֹ־
󣬼һֲ֣ȻѾǵһεˡ
żȣ·ЩĻ԰ˮأһ·ᳵ·һ֮С
֮һƬڰʲôҲƺеĲָơ
ֱǰȻ̽ƣֻһһʯĦУϵһѸٱȼǵĳ֣ķн¶һЩһŸӣͼ֨֨ѽѽ·ʱľΡ
ǵûԵøӵĻ谵
˴֮⣬һˣҲ⣬ʯŻ֮󣬾վһı۾һ
˭Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪᳵڹдȴݣҲû֪Ϊʲôӵȼյ֮󣬾һԱĿһеһжԵ÷ǳĹ죬ĳصʽС
ˣ
֪˶ãͻȻһ˻ӣ繭Ұ˵Ĵ̶𲻳˵Ů١
ͳĹ֮ƽ˼ֹصζ
ǣԭһĴȴǶͫһ˿ϲɫ
ǰڳˣ
ͻȻڵԵ÷ǳ
￴һĻضǳ𾪣ʥʺᣬѪڵһ֮£֮ϣݵλƣ»Ҳֵ𾴵ġ
ԴӵԸҲֻ׶˹˳ˡ
ǿӺںڰ˵֮쳣ϤұֹϵѾкܳʱˡ
ɽǼ£лǰˣ
ӹ
ôץסǸСŮŵſϿ˰ɣ
˻ƴ̶ٴεʱʱƮȫ޷׼ȷλá
ǰ˵ɽڿˡ
ӳ
ɽҪҵ¡֪λʱ𣬾һֱĬĬָиǰҵģߵһСѾͷ֪
ڽ֮ǰ򲻸ɽȻΪһСŮӣһ겷㲻óεɡ
Σ
ֻ˵֡
ʱѵǰң
ŹıԵ
ɴߣеοҪǼ飬һ˿Դɵġ
ã͵仰ˣѵ¶˾ģģΣһȫ㣬Ͼ֮λ
͸¶һֱζ
ǰҼǵ֮ǰӦңֻҪ¶ģͻرһ˹˳ᢣҽе⣬еĶ֡¶ģʱҲѾ죬֪ǰǷԶŵԣ
ӹȻƽȴ͸¶һ˿ȡ
ǣΪǸС𣿡
Ц
֣۵׶һ˿Ũɱͱ塣
û˵ںڰе˵ȴȻѾ˼һЦ
ǣİɣҴӦ飬ʲôʱʳԹѾ׼ˣȥɣŵƹߣͻῴˡһЩ⣬ܲ˵ΪãҪԼı¡
δ䣬ۣû˿ףϣֻߵ˲Ϩ𡣶ͬһʱ䣬߰˲ĵطȴһյǽϵ͵ƺȻԶȼ
ӿһۣдΪȣǵһǸˣһֱΪֻһεط˵˼˵ǸԼһҲ
һ仰ʲô˼ѵ˵ȻԼָǸˣԷȴ£
Ҳ̫ˣ
֮ôΣǵһγһʱ䣬Ҳеĺġ
ڰУ뿪ߣǽǴͻȻĵƻȥ
ۣ
ڴߵյƻµʱͬ鷢ˣͷǽϵյƻͻȻϨ𣬶һطһյƻȻ
ƻָ·ӱҲһ·ŵƻǰȥ
¡
֪˶ãһǰźȻ¶һͨµͨ
һĻʹסˡ
ھʦ֮˵һλѾеĸСҲøֶεƬԺӸûκε֮ûƬԺ棬Ȼж졣
Ȼɻ󣬵û̫ԥܿʹ˽ȥ
صһƬףƬ֮󣬴ڿ˵ĵط


1631 ȥˣ
طôΣӴûƬԺӵĵ£Ȼж죬ո̤Ӿ͸оһǿ͸ŵľ񲨶Ȼһ̽Ĵ
ڵĿģΪ˱صˡ
ӷȥǰһӵĵʯңǰɫʯשһŷһŲ輸һϯڽıӣеһжŷǳļª
ǴӵĿɨȴڷϷһͨ˼ҼӶ֬ʼܣֱʼϡ٣ֵǣ䶼һõ𣬸˵ˡ
ʼϵıʣֻǿ˼֧ʱ˵Щëϸ޳Щëÿһ֧һ֧ȻǶʱڵʡ
࣬ǶʱڵĴ󽫾µľ˸񣬺۴͸ĽжôͿ֪
˵ʲôˣ
üѡ
ҲǼʶ㣬ǰȴȫиɵйĲƸȴķǳªϵʳǴֲ赭ѰȣҲòȥ
λǰȴ˵˿԰Լ⣬ԼϾ֮λ
СޣѡǸ𣿡
ʱһͻȻڴӶ߻ۻʮ㣬˵ĸоͺӲĽײһ㡣
һʶѭȥֻǰԶһźɫۣ׳˶ͷڰװ߲Լǽϵĵƹ⣬һ顣
ھӽǵԭ򣬴ӿڿʲô飬ϣȴоһݵģζ
ǿҵɱϢ
ֻǵһۣӾ̲סƤȻӻһ۴ϸо˼Ũҵ佫Ϣ
Ϊ۹ĵһ˳λ̳ˣӴСĿȾ۽ʶһ˿ɱȵġ۹յĴ󽫣϶ͨͨԼ¸溲֥һĶ󽫣ǰҲӤһ㣬˫֮ȥźϢ֮
ӻδκϸܵ˴⣬ҵϢĳ̶ֳϣΪս񣬱ʥָɸΪ̫ٱã޷֮ȡ
˵˭
üԽĺ档
ţˣǸڰһֱĬĬԼǰͬһˡЩ书ġҪôŨɱϢֻʬɽѪ֮Уóǧѳ
ڴƵ۹ôȴδŹ
ƻҴӣ֪ǰԸһ֮

ӣϷƾʲôҪ㣬ƾ𣿡
ͻȻЦǼƺУƺֵһᡣ
ⷬѾ׼Ҫڣ۽ཻȻ̲סһ˿ŭɫΪƵ۹Ľ£û˸˵
ֻһɲǣӾͻָ򶨣߲СڣΨ̣ܳɾеĴҵ
ǰģֻҪϤĸңչ֮ʱǴ֮ҲḺ㣡ȨͳͳԸ㣡
ӳ
㿪𣿼Ȼˣ㻹ذɣϷҪȵˣ㣡
˴Ц־ȻӰ죬ֱӾ´
һɲǣǴҲסˡǵ˵ѾԼҵһˣԼǰĹأֻҪ˵ⷬȨͲƸûвɹģһЩڡ
Ҳû뵽Ųո˼䣬ȻԷԥľܾˡ
ǰԵȣһԷΪƵ
æ
ɣ
һɲǣŭµʯݶ˵ŭ˲
ӵɫһٱ䣬Ҳû뵽ԷƢȻ˰ңôӵݣȻǰôǴӸûġ
ۿҪԷȥһǣӷͻȻ侲Ժ֮ǰٶȼת
ԷԸңԵĳ̶ֳӽĿˣҵҲôԽˣзԽҪõ
۽ʶǴģӹţӵмͨ͵ˣǺߣһҪõҶԷȨɫҲضδ֮Ը
ͷԺӹɲǼ䣬֪˵ʲôˡ
ֻҪǰܹҹɣұ֮һ֮Ȩһδ˵ԸʲôֻҪͨͨӦ㣡
ͻȻ
һɲǣͻȻ
ã˵ģ
ǺͻȻ
Ϸԣ
дϲ֪Լ¶ˡⷬθڡ
ޣס˵Ļδ㹦֮ұضֵģ
˳
һһ⣬㲻⣬ȻڴˣҲΪá
ǰ˵
һæʵ
ĵ죬Զ֣ĵ𣿡
ͻȻ
һ׶Է˵ʲôǺܿ죬
ǰģ֮ΨǿߣܵϾ֮λȲƱ岻ƲƣûݾģҲˣ
ӳشʱ˿ԥûС
ãڵʸõҵĸ
һ䣬˷еת
һɲǣҡһȥֻǰĿϢǿᣬ촽ϻ׵ĺֱͦһ㡣ӡ̵ģһüǵĵ̣Լһ
δһ˫ƺ̺ǻۺıԡȥƺÿһ̶ı
Ũҵ佫ϢǸһ纣ĸо
˾򵥣
ʯ䣬һͷԺϲòѡ
֪ǰγƺ
ǣСޣϷ˭֪𣿡
ͻȻЦ
ⷬ˴Ԥϣд㵲ѣߵ˼ԼӦʶôܣ
ǰӦü𣿡
Ȼɻ󣬵ȻɫǷݱ񣬹
ǰߴòϿʮ꣬յĻһ᲻ʮ꣬ȷţǰδǰߡԽˣƢԽǹ죬ǿ˼֡
ޣǰϸ
߿ЦЦ
Խɻ󣬵ȴҲ֪˵ضԭ򡣼ʶģǰ˼ϸ
һۣǸоǰ߷ǳİһ̣Ŀӹߵ֮䣬رϵһ̺ۣͻȻ֮䣬ǰӣͼеһغһ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬·һ£ӻ͵۾ŵŵվȣ˼ͺܵ޴ľһ
ⲻܣôܣ
۵𺧣һĲš֪Ǹ˸Լһˣδ˾Ȼ
ܣܣ㲻Ѿ𣡡
һɲǣɲɲǼ䣬ͻȻףΪʲôЩˡ
Сޣ뷴ڻü
ͬʱ棬ߴӵϻվͬʱ𶯣һɽʹ󺣰Ϣ糱ˮϱŷضƺΪ֮ɫ
߿Ǽ
һɲǣбòôһ̣ƺЩڣǺܿ죬Ŀ֮֮ⷴǰӵļᶨ
ڣ


1632 ֱ
գ
ĴУʳжָһһ䣬нߵţ΢΢ͷĵһ˼⣬˲Ϣ䣬Ժͷ
СѾǲ֣ʮʱϼӱǾˣȻû̫Ľչ
߹ˣеһжšǰл赲ǰ޷塣
۹ĵĵط׷ʲô
һΣͷ˿ѪѾһΣȻԵôĿġ
߹ǾԲ뿪ʥʵģǱߵģ߹̫͵ô̫͵չʥʵĵ˭
ü͸һ˿ǡ
û˱ףһʥʵ£۹ζʲô
ȻʥʳֵĴ࣬Ƕ˵ֻҪʥʻ̫͵Уһϡ
ˣ
ʱһҴҵĽŲӵ⴫֪ʲôʱ˽˫һż㣬
СǱѾѸ߹ƽȥĵطȫ־ˡ
һ˵ţһ߽żݵϡ
ӹż㣬ϸһֻۣ飬д˸߹ȥĵطЩ΢΢˵ͷ
ЩصܳݣȡҡϣԷ糾ˡ㾡ȫѲ鹬УʱעЩطĶ߹ûֻܵҪɵģһȥЩطǷ֮
üһ˿ƣû˵ȥС͸¶Ϣʵڷǳޣϸ߹һ֪СӵУ廹һϸڡ
Сڸ߹ĸһֽ߹ͬһֽܹظСӣҲζԱбīдþߣһǲܻᱻӦЩġ߹ţжɵĻԸ񣬾һȥػʥʣҲìܵĵطΣһҪ׷ʲô
⡭
ͷٴ˿۾΢΢һ£
߹Ϊ¾ͬ޴󽫾˼Ͱ󶼻֥޷ƥУܹˣԷʵһּͣǿ߽֣һС治û˿Ϣ˳ǣϸңΣһҪ֪Լȥ£ﵽ׷ʲôκεɧܶСǶһһҳ
һɲǣĿޱȡСṩϢޣ廹Ǵȡ˴ḻϸڣСⷬһĿɿڴΪ˵ⷬȫѹû뵽ġ
ǣ
ǹһɫ֣أܿתȥ

ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һֻֻڶŸ룬ȡҡϡԷ糾⼸̫ӡڹ˵һԲ߹Ϣ
ʱ仺ȥϿȥһƬƽ֮£ȴǰӿ
С˵Ǽط˽߹ƽûǼطȫһ飬˸ĻȴʼϲЩطûв鵽߹٣ʵϣһ㣬׼ǵȡҡϡԷ糾ǰȥ̽ʱȴЩطȫ˴ɨĸɸɾеβ輸ȫգ˳Ⱦû˿ĺۼͺʽһ㡣
˷ϢӦŷġ
ĸ˵ķӦܿ죬ܿҵЩɨĹŮ̫࣬ЩŮ̫һ֪˵ĻظǷ¡һ·˳ϣѰѰ̫࣬ȴ̫ƾʧҹ̫මϣҲȫҲǸˣͺѹûйһ
ӵ˵ĻرУþ˵
еȫжϣʣڹ͢УһйͲ鵽Լ٣ǰĨȥԼĺۼ
һɲǣüͷ
£һǴӵֱʣʵ벻˭һС
УǡԪȸͨͨڳһߡ
û˵ҡҡͷֵ˵ͷ
үʲô𣿻Ǽ˵ˣ
ķӦС
˵ˣЩԾ
üͷ
֮ǰжʱ򣬴ӵҲֹͬ׷Сӣǻ취ĨȥеĺۼҲֻ֣һЩһ
˵꣬üͷ˵ҲóȻš
ԺУʱȴǴ˷ͷԺһӶ
岢ǵһκʹӽ֣
ǰ漸εȻҲвĻŸıԣФĸɾûκΰѱǴǵķӦߵǰĻţҲûֵز߲Ÿո´Ǳ߾Ѿǰֽţ˰ţƺѾϵжһ
ʹǰĽУûгֹ
ν֮ǧз飬˵ʲôΪȴĸоǱƺһ˿΢ı仯
ϣҶɣ
ڤڤУԺһͷǺܿͱˡ

ʱͻȻһҴҵĽŲ洫գۼ䣬һֳֳꪣѸٴ˽
ү˸ǱߴϢ֮ǰԷ糾Դڹץס̿ޣͻȻ˽ˣ
ʲô
һϯ˵Ŀ׷˹ȥҲüͷ壬Ĵվ
ʲôʱ£
ɫص
Ȼ־ᶨĺ;ڿ̣ҪʳһЩر漰ӣܡҲûرȥע
˸ϾѰط֮бǸƣ鲼ŴĽ˸ֽ䱸ɭϣرأ£ᷢ¡
ʱ֮ǰԷʵߣǿȥ˸ǱҲ˲ˣڻС⣬ѾϹȥˣŹرգʹڽϡ
ڵأ
ɲǼ䣬УһƬţ
ү᲻ǡ
ͻȻǰڵ
ܣ
ԥ
ڻʹеɵ棬Ѻ˸˸ةʹ˽ϣҲԲ˵˸˲ˡ
ҲͰˣΪһޣȫûбҪô󶯸ɸꡣ
ʱעһнչ㱨ң
üͷһǣ֮ǰǸ뷨ٴθԺֲԾĸоԽŨˡ
ǣ

ǰȻ㣬жȻȫˣ
ʱ˿̣˿ĵطȴһ
ǰĿİ׷ߣУףͯ˷׷׿ڵޱȡ
ϣҲ΢΢ͷڣȷȷʵʵܹԼ


1633 ӥգ
ߵһϸϸѯʴͷϵ顣
ڴĵ壬ҲȫϸϸеϷһ顣
ᵽֺܿͻ뵽Ѱôжڰ֮ڣкۼȫĨȥʱ˱ЩС֣ɹ
Ȼ߲Ÿոϣ˳Щطֻ̽Ҫһ㣬ͿܽȻֱͬһ̣˲óϷ
ںĽУ⻹˵һվλá
ߣֻǲƨɶѣʲôֵùصģ
׷ȴ˿ӣһɲǣеȻֹ˶һɫǺ죬βѡ
ߣʲô˲𣬲ϹèӣɶѡֲǸʲô˵¡
˲УС
飡
䣬׷߶̧ͷһ˫ϵĻУһ˿ĺ⡣
û˷ӦɲǼ䣬ֻһ죬ֹĶĻţһɿֲɳȥڶǽϣ޴ǽڶÿѣмŷɽѪҺϵĵ
Ļݣһ֪˶٣ۿǻˡ

һĻ󾪺˶סˡһĻɫ԰ףʶȥһȡ
̫Ӷ˭Ҳû뵽ԷĵӾȻô󣬸ڶ֣һǵŴӵ档
ϣƤҲ£ɫ΢΢ЩѿȻߵⷬٶûϵ
ˣ̧ȥ
ʱ򣬴ϣ˫ְϣվ
⣬˶ţԺڶκ˶öǰҽƴ£УǰҵƽôңҲôǶԴǰˣǰҶ֪֣Ӧôƺ
ߣ
һЦĿ⻺ӵɨһɲǣĿѩ㣬ȺȻûһ˸ҺĿӴ˷׷׵ͷܹĿ⡣
ЩС֪Ϸ֡ԺͬΪҪǵİǾͽҡɣ˵ϷǱôڵˣȻǻΪϷҲڹ֮֮
һ˵İ˫
ãйǰڣֺγ²ɣǻ
ȻҲùֹŹ֣ѸٷӦЦ˴ǣͷ˷׷׹ѣ
μǰ
һ˲䣬˶׷׵ͷһٵ춨ڴߵĵλ
ǰǱһưոݣҪһֱ׷ȥкܶ鷳⣬޲ŸովȳǱҲῪʼ顣Ǹô
ӿڵ̸ʱ򣬴ȻƽķӦѾһС
壬ӱżļɵʵϣһ࣬вҲŪôĶ
ӵĻҲǰ׷ߣɫࡣ
ϷȣֻҪ㽫һȨңϷȻһж׵ǸҲصģֻһδɵСӶѡǰΪûҵȷķʽؼһֻҪɱˣôδ£µĴƺܶࡣٲôˣ
˵š
һ˵˵ע⣬ҲΪ档
ȷķʽǰ˼ǣ
û˵ָֻһһдõ˹ȥ

һ¥УӥͷϴһңͬһȥҴҵĽͰ㣬˫ץž¥¥ˣƤѡ
޵飬Ѿȫ˵ˣʵϣЩϢǾݵС
ЩԾ
ӥüүôãûмүʧֹսǳãˡ֪ΪʲôӥֲõĸоܸоﲻԾ
ϣҵĴ
ӥаͬʱĿ⻺ɨ·Ⱥ
˲ͬӥȻһֱи̶ľǴ̶һطߴˣӴϢҲԽԽ࣬ӥҲԽףΪһ鱨ܣǴһطΪܵľվ˿ע⵽
ߣοˣ
ûϢ𣿡
ӥתͷߵһԱ黹ȡ֣ܼģȫǾӢ
ˣҲ֣ʱСеľ񣬴ӹȥжӦòдүǱ߻ڵ˸ϢֻǴݹеϢѣ͵ϢӦ͹ˡѾСյʱˣ
ӳüͬ¶ɻ
һγٵЩͬѰڵĹУڿԽܵķΧ֮ڡ
ЩԣȥһֻŸ룬ûеõϢȥһˡ⣬һΧܸоЩ׼һ£ˣ뿪
ӥ˼Ƭ̣ԣӦһתȥ
ˣǮһ⽣
⣡ʲҪǮ
Ǻ«𣬿
ӥĿԽˣŽȥֻʦ֣һжһ
Уұüһү
һͷԺӥת׼뿪

ʱһС
ӥһʶĻعֻУһֻ׵ŸӹӥϣһöɫԲϤޱȡ
С޵Ÿ룡
ӥ˳ڹ涨ʱ֮ǰС޵Ÿ뻹ǸϵˡӥĵϸĹأһʱ䣬Ǿʹ˱ʣ˶Ҫ롣
ӥ΢ɣ˿ֻµŸ룬Ĳ𿪰ϵż㡣
ӥȥ
ã
ֻһۣӥͫһƤ˲ɫ

롱ֻû˵¡¥ſڣͻȻһӥһƳһ֪ʧ⣬ʲôĵģȵģﴳȥ
һﴳһ˳ֽſڵСƷڵأͬʱһڻҺ죬¶ǰͷ
Թӣ㲻ܽȥ
ѾˣӰǵеĿˣЩ뿪ɣ
վŸʲôϿס

һɲǼ䣬¥ſһƬҡ
ȻһĻӥȴԽˡ
ಣ
ϸ룬ӥһݣҲ룬һ̤ϣž¥ݶȥ
ӣ
˵ʱʱ죬ʱӥ󣬵һһĻ綸Ȼը󷽣֪˶õ˹ɷ᳤Ծ˵ٶȶȻӥ


1634 κŭ
ϣ
ͬһʱ䣬Щ˹˽һ⻷һͷͷۡ˱ۡʮۣͷͷͷĽաӾ޴ޱȣȻ֣ץŸַ㣬Щˣӥɱ
ȻЩĸ֣
Ǽ䣬ӥɫˡ


ǰŻʹĵͼջĿ⣬΢΢üͷƤ֪ΪʲôƤֲĸоƺʲôõ鷢

˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ʱӿһĽɫҴңͻȻ첽洳˽
үˣˣոյõϢӥ¥ͻȻܵ˴Σ֮У֪
Ųɫޱȡ
䣡
Ϣһػɫˣ
ʲô
ӥǳ⣬֮һҲĵ֮һ
Һ˲ͬӥһֱӺ󷽣һЩ飬ӥˣӥҪȫ࣬Ҳ̫ӥ
û뵽ӥȻܵһɲǣ־ŭ
鵽ʲôûУ
嶢ŵµĽ
ȫӥ

ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ӥͱһ̧ţ͵ĸ֮С£Ԫ±ҲõϢͳͳ˹ÿ˶ɫߡ
ϵӥ˫գɫ԰ףֽͬϣѪ߰ߣĹ֪۶˶١ȫĹؽҪػļһЩҪѨϣһЩεİ
ȻԷֺ飬ȫҪȡӥ
´˵Ʒǳأ˵ĵطжʮŴ֮࣬ʵϣڻܻţѾ漣ˡѾڵ˴Ҳ˽ҩؼǣǸոշ֣еİϴһ־綾־綾Ѿ鲼ڣܻܲһлÿ´Լ컯ˡ
һͷ׵ҽ˵գزӥһڵ룬̾ϢһȻʼʰԼҩ䣬׼뿪
ҽ뿪ѹ֡
һеô£ӥôܻˣ
ɫ࣬ŤͷӥԵĵԱ
£Ҳ֪ô¡Щ˹ƺ쵽˴˵Ļص㣬װɾƿͣһ˾¥ȵ˷ɾʱЩ˱˳һߴšΪմิ𡯣һ߷Ĺˡ
ĳԱ
ˣ
մࡱĸ֣˶ɫ΢䡣ܸĸǣϹϵģҲֻ˹֮սе˹ذϵࡰޡˡ
ֻĳԱŵ
Щ׺ηƴȫҲǵĶ֡ǷͽϵҲûܡ󣬻ǴЩصһأһص֮ͨУǿӹһ١
ϣĳԱ۾ģѪ˿
ڵ飬ӥӵмߵĵλÿһԱӥԴġĳ̶ֳ˵ӥǵ˾ͬҲǵʦ
ӥݣѸݼĳԱ
ʵϣӥǵõ̧ġΪ˻ӥ黹˲ˡ
û˵ÿ˶ܸоеŭ
ԴΪƬ½Ժյս񣬻ûκ˸ַʽ塣ŭɳ޿ɺΪʮѡ˵ˡ
⻹ǵһΣַʽԸߵˣһڴƾʦӽ£һڹ컯յ£
ÿ˶֪ӥѾеŭ⣬ȴЩ˵ģԳܵĴۺͺ
£᲻˹ذϵˡ
һԣ̽
˹֮ս˹Ա󽫣Ȼ޺ͻ³ɣҰȴŻȥˡҴ˹ߣԴս˹ڲһֱǰӿ
һЩڴ޺ͻصˣһֱĴΪ޸𣬡ս޷ɱ֣Ǿս֮ĵطɵ˹ϡ
֮ǰѾܹüˡԷΪ޶Ǿгˡ
ܣ
ҡҡͷն
ô򵥣ҪޱҲӦǳӥιأ˹֮սӥûвμӣսҲûҪ鱨
ĹƶģӥĻصܹʮ߸鲼ʦÿ¶ͬһȺǱ뾩ʦ˹ˣز죬ôô׼֪ӥĻ켣οӥαװݣĿʾˡ

һϯ˵ȫסˡһʱ䣬ž
ԭΪֻһģ˹˵ıΪֵҲȷʵ˹ˣһװףȫûʲôʡһ˵ƤҲδ

˹ҪҸڣװףôլھʦ֮УҪҴѡҪȫô鷳
ֱɱˡ
Ҫ˵ӥĻص任Щӥ˶֪ӥľλã˵ˡ
鿴ô򵥡
£˼
һɲǼ䣬ҲʶĿ֮һɫص
û˵˵ӥЩ˸УĻǷŭû˿ɱߵĲ£κδۣ۶˭ڣ
Ƿȫ֪ͨѲ˾Ѿʦ׳죬ҲһҪЩ˹˸ҳ
ݺݵȭͷɫ
ǣ
˺ȻӦһɲǣʦ֮
ı׷ĴѰЩ˹˵䡣УŭĪȸˡ
ȸӥĵӣӥȸʦ縸֮
ӥ˻ԣ֪ȸ֣ӹ˼̱鱨硣бһŭȸȫĵھʦ޵
ֻһ֮ȸͲЩ˹˵ټ
һ֧µ̶Уǵټ
Щ˹ظĸоΣգ׼Ӿʦ롣ǲûѡ˾Ĵţѡ˻һ֧µ̶֮У׼뿪һ·̣뾩ʦ֮Ƶ˹ء
ܿ죬µĸֳųǷ˾ӣԼʮμӹ¼֣µĵ·չһѻս
ݶҵս֮߰˹ظһսµˣѡսɱ
ֻ²ˣһˣͳͳѺµĴ֮С


1635 ͱʥ
ž
ҡҷ谵ɭĵһӸ߸£žһݺݳ˹ɱϣ޴ԼϵĵݣͰ˹ɱϴŵƤë˺һѪۡ
˵˭ָʹǵģ
ȸǰ˫˫˹ɱ֣۾Ѫ죬Ŀ
ɣҲǵġΪǴĸڣ鵽ʹζ𣿡
˹ɱͷɢ˺ۣĿȴ絶ͬһ㡣
һδεı޴ֻԽ׺·Щǳڱϡ
ߣʲôֻ߹ѡûǣǻ֪ʦңǻ֪ʦûв˹֮սʹ޵ҲûаϵǾɱҲ˳𡣡һȺõĿѣ
ȸ
ˣ
ȸĻ˹ɱɫһϣЩ
ߣ˵ʲôֻҪܹǣǶԸȥ
˹ɱֵѾû֮ǰˣ˵Ҳࡣ
ߣӲˣҺúź򣡼סҪˣ
ȸһѱӵԱһԱУܿתȥתɲǣȸ¶һ˿İˡ

ܿ죬һĲҽԴ˾Ĵ
Ӵ߳ĴУ塢ǡ±˶ڵȴȸ
ү˵ˣ˰ǣЩ˹˱ˣ
ȸͷһ˲١
²˹ɱȻû˵ͷӦѾ˵һУȻǶΪжޱ
֪ˣʱˡѾ֪ôˡ
嵭ͷһɲǣͷԺӿ
Ȼûд˹ɱֿʳĻ˭Ƕ˵ЩʵôϸʦֶĿԸģ޼ָ
ӣ𣿡
һɲǣӹһ˿Ĺâ
ʦֶģ޷ˣһһۣһӡ
ֻԼӿʼڣжԼġӥĸ߰δƵ
ۣȻˮݣŵĸ߰Ӧòмȥ顣
һĿĺͶģֻʣһˡϵ֮ǰʹе飬Ѿ֮ˡ
ֻΨһû뵽ǣԷȻ˹عᣬ˹ԸԼ
Ļ˭˹һʹѲ˸ϵ붯Щ˳ֵģҲһ˹صĸ߲㡣ȸȥţ飬ԭԭ˹ص۹ĵ꣬͸һ飬Ĵ𸴡
һ䣬ɫޱȡ
꣡
֣岢ǵһ֪λһλԶȥĴ֮ϡ
ֻǰϵĴ࣬Ǹ۹ƶߡʵϣһλȫǽڶԴƵļʤ֮ϣ̫ٱʱ򣬶λ˹еĵ۹࣬ҲĴɵ
һαܱ֮ǱΪ飬̸ֺḶ̌˳ó
͸оһϵ鱳һƲܱ֮Уһƶ£λƿؾ档ˣȻûκε֤ݣȴضλ˹صꡣ
ж˵һλ֪飬ûдκãţ

ֻʱ䣬̺ŭż㣬ɽ룬ϸԭ˹صС
࣬ţǡš
żϵӡ£ɫһЩȻ
˹ص۹־ǸɣƺŶûж˸ᡣ˹ص۹λ֮Ҳûκεϵ˫֮Ƶзѡյʽţ⻹ǵһΡ
Ŷ
ⷬڲ鿴ǰһ˹ءܱйͼĴüͷһջĿ⣬̧ͷ
ҿһ£
ӹŷ⣬ݣҲüͷ΢塣
ĳʵҪö̫֮࣬ٱûҪ硣Ƭ½ϣԺյһ⽫ࡣ
˵ᣬʮ겻ʮΪڴʷϾ޽еһս
ôʣʮǰ˹صġ塱;Բ
ǸʱҲڵ塣
ҲΪˣԴ壬൱ӡ
֪֪ˣܰսʤıݣûʮİ֮ǰûг˽֮ǰûκɸ˼
ȤҵҪ㵽Щʲô
ܿ죬국ȻһЦ߽Ƿżӵһԡ
ʦеǸ˻̫ˣֻǴһսѡ˵̫ٱãųս޲ʤĴƾӲη壬ôһš
˹ظԭͻʴԭɳ޿ɺев˵ûκ塣
ᣡȥɡ
˵仰עٴλصǷ˹ءܱйͼϡ

ү˹Ǳ߻ˣظ˵ʦе飬һŲ֪ȻЩȷȷʵʵ˹ˣ˹غʹһܹϽˣϣүҪΪЩ˶˹ᡣ
ܿ죬һһһֻŸ룬첽˽ϥص
𣿡
ⷬЦһ
Ϊû֤ݣԺ˹޹𣿴꣬Ļش𰡣㻹ףҸͲҪҪϣֻҪһ
㻹ף򽻵˵˭
Ц
˹ص಻٣ϻŵģ֣ѶԸࡣҲ磬ǰδеıʥ
֪ԼԵ˭겻֪Ե˭
֪ͨȱڣҵպɽ׼жѵôˣҲ⣬дŸǵĴ󽫾溲һ飡
嵭һ̣ļޱȡ
¡¡
ңԶ˹ضȱڣ̳ѪϣҵѸٽż뻳Уתһ˫ƥѸɨֻƬĴϣıư㣬ƬԭϺХӿţǹɽ产ˡ
̳Ŀ꣬˹أ
ҵϵֱָգǺʮ㣬һ˹Ͽջص
𣡡
ҵĻ˷ӦɽХ㣬ͬһʱ䣬һӴɱɷӴսնŤˣģ
գ
һ󼱴ٵǧһڹ̳УԾ˵ٶȳ˹ظضȥЩ󷽣꣬һܼܴƳһ߾͵ƶϣǰȥ
˹ͬôʱ䣬պɽټ˴ĹѾƽ̨ƵĺͳϣƶٶҲ죬ǶҲ㣬


1636 ԭϵı
ͬʱ֮ĻԶֹȱڵı
¤֮أǡ
Ǻǣ˹ص۹ȴֲܱݣ˹Ǳ߻ϲ𣿿ʦλֺʹ֮俪ʼˡ
溲ż㣬£Ǵһ˿ȤζЦݡ
ԭ棬λ֮е˹ص۹࣬溲ҲЩɻ䣬ϾһλԼǰ˾̫ٱһսö޷սʤĶ֡
֮̾ףƽ֮кɱǸԭλ·ټϸԭϵѹʺϵ͵塣
վʦλ˵ѹ֡
溲ɴûλ֮ͻ٣û뵽ô졣
ˣ͢ǱڶǡǱߣҲϲʱж͢Ǳ֪
ʱһֹӶߴڵıѲǰı˲٣л˲ټһһǲ㡣
Ǻǣ͢ĹأǵȻҪء˭˵ˣ֧ĴǱˣ
溲
ˣ˼
һȻ֮ʲô
֮ԾճѵΪһ֧ǧ˵ľȥѵɣ
溲˵Цݡ
δ㣬ϣȫ֧֡
αĺƽҪġο˹ʵڰ

˹вȱǧ๫ĵطľʮƵͬĻѩһ鲼ԭһͷͷţУţȺ֮⣬ǳȺҰ
Щ˹ظԭеһͷͷñ׳ͬһ㣬ڲԭϾ
Դ֮ս֮ټ¤ͱսԼһ˹֮ս˹ʧءرһڸԭɢ֮ǿ׳ͺ͸ԭҲ
֮˹ؾͿʼмƻϢرЩս˲ԭϵҰ֮⣬ƹ˴Ļƶصιʳ
ֻ£ЩҰķֳ˹˵һ֮ءֻҪ㹻Ұ˹ؾܹٴλָսĴˡ
Щʧı
ԭããÿһǱڵ˹ֻҪѵ꣬˹ܹӵһ֧Ӵĳ嵽ʮ֧ͻó죬ʮʮϣսĺۼᱻĨȥ˹ָֻ֮ǰǸӴĵ۹
Ҳ˹ʱʲôѸٻָųΪԭеԭ
죡ȫҼӽûҵ˭Ҳͣ
ХƬԭϣһ˹Ķӳ˪ֽһ㣬һƥոѱҰһȺϻ±ӴС
˹Ķӳûκ˹ݵı־Ŀ㣬ŨҵѪζǴʬɽѪսġ
֮УܱʹƴЭ飬һñ˹Ҳó˴Щʿǽ׹ýⲨʱɢ˸ԭĸ򣬲ûȥţǡǡ෴ʱ䣬ԭϸ䣬õǲ˹ѡȻЩսḻϱҹҪѵһ֧Ӵľ
˹صľӲδֻӴ
Ƭһ˹صţսڿ裬һ˹ϱƬ˹ϴųףֳ䵶ǹڸԭϳвϵس̡
ϣϣϣ
սۣյУһһĹ⻷Щ۶˹±ŷһЩ⻷˴๴๲𵴣ڰ¶һĹ֡
˹µıݴѾΡ
˶ţ˾Զ˹ص۹˶ˣǳߣڶ̣ûлָİϵԭһҪǸۣǰЩǣΪ˲ҲΪ˹ˣ
ԭϣһ˰˾׵Ĵ£һ˹ص佫Ŀ壬Ǻ쳹Ƭ
𣡡
ɱɱɱ
һԭϣһ֧һ֧ѵеţ䵶ǹһŲԶһӳ̶ȥ
䣬ֻһľ죬һ˸ߵԲΰӱ䵶ǹУ׷ҵıըƬ·ɽ
ѵĽУϿնһɱϢĻأ˹ص۹ٻЩȫ˼Ѱ˵ִĵطͨص·ϣ鲼߶Ŀһκζ߻ر¶ĻЩʿѸȥϵףΪ񡣶Щããţ򣬾õ֤
ݣ
˵ʱʱ죬û˿ףһ֧һߵǸս죬ֻһ˾ʹ۶ϡ

ⷬͻµ˹˧վ͸һ˿㵣ȻⷬʳԤϡΧ飬ԭڽܹѵ˹Ҳ˲Ϣѻȸ
ô£
һ˹ʶͷԺһƬհסȻûеӦݣһ֧Ѹ䴩š˹ǰ¶İؼβĲţ漴һϷȥ
Ϯ
µͬʱһ˹쳹աеıŽ䱸Ȼܿ죬ӭǵľһǵصļꡣļ£֪ж˴䣬ˤڵء
¡¡
ͬʱս¡¡һ֧ԶХصͬ㡣
ĿģǵƽߴһĻɫս죬սϵġơ֣ҫޱȡ
ˣ
ʯ䣬һͷӹԺ˲Ϣ䣬˹һһĳˮס
˭Ҳû뵽֧˴ȻǧﱼϮôңԶĵط


ǰʱ䣬һֻŸӹؿռ䣬˹ص۹С
࣬ž¡ϵѵغͶԭϵפȫܵ˹ؽȫûӸֺۼ˶֣
ʲô
ԭĶڣͻȻ֮Ϣһ𣬶̧ͷ
ҿ
һ߱ܿݵ˴Уżϵݣһȭͷսеżһš
쵰
һɲǣɫѿޱȡ
̫ѯʣ֪ôˡ֮ǰľ棬ʵûзϣڿȻжˡ
ԣΪ˱ʦеж𣿡
ͷĿеĹâޱȡ

˵ʱʱ죬Ƭ֮һҴҵĽŲֻһȫװҴ˽һ֣ȥ
࣬յţģ
ⷬڵնȻһ䡣



1637 Ķ֣
үѾ͵ˡ
Ҳ˹Ǳߵı仯ʱ˿̣߰ǧĴƾʦУһѸ˽
үжĶԴ𣿴ų˹ظԭĵһߣжп⵽ı
һԣĻǿڵǵǡ
겻ͨˣ˹ص۹岻ѵĴޣ֮ҲҪѷɫࡣһϽǶԸɳ޿ɺҲֻǼȥһţûĽд
ǶԴ̬꣬ȫͬո֪ͨǱûãͲȡ˽
ɳ޿ɺȻͬ
İɣ겻ȡжģ
ܿ죬һڴһ˿âվλԶڸԭϣıƵ˹ص࣬ƺԶе˽⣺
û飬˹˶뾡취ֻҪ¶ƣ˹ؾһ϶롣˹˵ڶſƣǲ룬ʵܣ
УֻĿ䣬ޱȣƺĺһɲǣһͻȻ֮·ʲô
˹˵ҰģԶҪĶࡣ֮սϵΪ֮ءĴϵֻʣϵڸ溲ĳڽһֱòϢҲѾ͸֮ǵʱݻ١ʣһž¡ϵһֱȫʵڹȥʹСɣ֥İԼʳ˶ֹսǵִ֮ǰ˹˺ʹʳ֮սйüսǴͦʵ˹˺ʹʳ˲ĵˡ
ž¡ϵ״̬ԶеôãĴϵΨһһս֮ģҲֻ涣רϵˡеıԶе٣
建һֱѼ˹ص۹鱨˹أʵԶ֪ģҪ˽öࣺ
ֻһλᣬʤҲͰˣʧܣ˹شӴ˾ͻһ겻ţӦ֪쾰Ĵˣ
һ仰Ŀйâһһ֮΢ϵĺġ
ںʹĹϵؼģȱڵıҲıʵǡǡ˹ظԭϣ鲼ĬĬŵС쾰족ˡ
ۣ̫ٱöκβοˣ
Բ뵽ⳡʥ֮䣬ʹ˹ϵ׸ı䣬ĵȴĬĬŵĺɫС쾰족
˹֮һֱܹô޼ɵĶӣƾľκθԭĵ͵壬ʳڣһ̤ͻġԭӦ
еһУ֮Ѿȫ仯
ھ溲ıйɵķá쾰족Ѻ쾰һճϣ뵽ʿʳ֮С
쾰족ķ֣ʹ۹ѾʹȥΪĽͬһսܣľӾͿ˳ƽԭ½ԹռҿԶռݣͣ
Ǵ˿Ƶԭ
˹شϢгѾС쾰족ˡ˹ǱѾʼĸԭϵֺɫСˡֻǺܿϧ쾰챾Ұһڣֱ鲼ԭĶֻҪеˮܹѿôܹġ
͸溲Ǳߣ˽¶ʼĴΧֲ쾰ˡ
̫СˣΪһ࣬ı󶯣ԽˣԽǲ֮£ڸĵĻǾʦе¡
ʱ䣬嶼ӥƣƾѧԼ͢Ūĵҩӥȶֻɻԣºܾõʱָܻ
Ȼˣ黹Զûн
ǣ¼УΪ˲κκۼȻػõ˹ˣķȻͬ
ڼԿ϶ڴӵһһλĸ֣ıߣеһС
ڴˣҪġ
ʲôϢ𣿡
ĿŤͷһԵĳԪ
Ǳһ糣ΪֹǱʲô仯ʲôˡ
ԪҡҡͷڵϾ˵Χһ棬Ѽ鱨ֻܿ
ĬȻԪĻشûгԤϣԷԼϣǸǸıԸ֣һὫһа׵κε˿ʼţκ鶼޷졣ԼֱǶԵģǱһ
ң鲻ҪӲ֡⣬ҼɶÿЩˣúϸҲÿֻ̫ҪԱȶʱı仯ضܹ

һа׵üͷ
ʲôĻ󣬲߻еһУ
岻ûĶ֣һ̣ȴоܲһ
ӻʹ֮һ߹ȥڵкۼһһٵ˹ԸԼѡĲκһˣǴӥ֡Էһϵйƣһƥĸо
廹һָоһлֻǿʼԷҲֻСţԷֶΣ»ں󷽣
ȸƹϵͳҵһӥյֻŸ룬յ˵ֻŸӳ˰յĹҪ֪յĹ򣬵׷ʲô
ڤڤУһͷӹԺͻȻŤͷԲԶȸ
ǣ

֮УһƬֻȼյƻ
У˴ףͯԼڶһŷеİ׷ߣ˵в֪ĸûһˡ
ǰˡֱԣжҽ˹صԸ壬ЩͳͳܹܣֻΨһһ㣬˴󶯸ɸ꣬Ϊʲôûѡߵˣȱڱ˽ģҵպɽ佫ȴƫƫѡӥʵڿһʲô֮
УûˣҲֱӿżɽˡüͷȻڹΪǺ⡣
˹˵Ĺϵ˺ü侳ĸ֣ȴԸһŪӥȸСǲɱţˣ
ǺǣδУǸСӶ֪ʤʤЩǲֻġ
̴ľķУֻǵȻһЦͶ¶ԼһнڹƼƣ˶Ϊ֮Ŀı
ǻôν棬֮ΪģΪĶĿԶö࣬еĶ򣬽ƿ֮СǸСӾġ
ı֮һҪɱԷҪԷĶĿԷ޷׼ȷжƣٸıʱƣƿȫ֣˽еϢǱҲӢ֮ءĵ
ǸӥȻʵߣǸߣǡǡ˶޷áֻҪɵСδҲϹˡ


1638 ߾ӥʯ
ǣ֪ǸӥиӽȸӥˣǸѾȫ̽ӹеһжת֮Сǻкü׮εˡһ˵ǰĲԡƺǷǳЧ
ʱһףͯԥһ£ڻ̲סڵ
һ䣬ڣôһɲţҲ˹Ȼû˵ȻҲͬ뷨
ͽܾͽܣͽܳʦǲ绻ʦȷǸȸģܴλ𣿡
ȻһЦ

˵ʱʱ죬ʱһߵҴ˽
£̽Ǳֲȡжǵ׮Ͱ׮γʮ׮ֻʣ
һϥµ
ⷬڣȻɫһ䡣ⲻǱߵһζԶߵֲȡжʱθ̽ȥ飬ԾǽͷûȥܡʱֻһϢ֮䣬û˿ףĹиİ׮һŰγ
ⲢǹؼؼжУֻҪǱ߲ȡжеİ׮ȫᱻγĸɸɾһһж׮¡
Ҫ֪鱨ռ˵ֻҪе̽ûбγɾֻʣһʣһٸûʲôΪֻҪиڣԴԴϵĴϢ
ȻжϲûдǸȸĵӣȷʵûа취ӥ
һɲǣ˵ɫʱùŹ
ǰţڶжӦûκεˡôǸô
΢΢һЦǰͻȻڵ
еһϷѾ׼ˣ
仰йâһƺڵȴ仰
˫һţȻӷվһɲǣһӴѹɽʹһӹϱ˵ĿУӣߵ˴룬ɴһɳǰ
ϸȥȻһʦ΢ģֻͣʹ壬ƽյլۡȫϣλС
ɳ̷ǳ֮󣬶Ҽȫǰϸ΢졣
ƵĹأκ˶ϽʦĲֺ͹죬Υ۴ôûԭģû˻ȥʦɳ̣Ǳġƾһ㣬ȥǱߣ¾ͻ⵽ĵ
ˣ
һ̣һֻƴ˳ָһû˷ӦͿ֧Ӵƿնֱɳϵۡϡ
ֻҪ°ҵļƻһһļ£һȻˮɣȻҲܹһԸǸλӣΪף
һɲдΪ⶯
ǰָļǣ
ʱ¾ˣ
ȻһЦһĪ

ȸĵܿ˽жȷģЩ˹ôҵӥλãûԭ
ȸĵ飬ոӥϢԱºʱͻȻʧ
ֹˣºӥյֻŸ룬ŸϣһЩµצӡʵѾǳԣӥݵŸ룬·֮ǰȻرңúһݣ
ӥյŸӳ˰յʱ䣬Ϊԭ򣬶ԷֻŸ룬ɹĶλӥλá
һ˵򵥣Ҫһ㲢ףӥʹõӥȸŸ룬ϸѵвԼʱ
Ҿôʱ䣬ӥѷչһ׶еѵϵӥȸʳﶼͨ಻ͬһЩҩʹЩĹͼⶼӵĽ׳㳤;ķУԼĲɱ
ƾһ㣬ҪӥӥȸͲͨԼһġ
ֹˣеӥȸָӥֻĳЩ飬ӥŻԹʡϸ鱨ϵͳһ㣬һȺ˹Ǿġ
˵֮ǰǲ´ôռ鱨ԽָеǸˡ
ʹλһģҲһ龩ʦӥȸˣرǺһݣ˾Բܶ࣬Ǹ˸ҳ
忴еϢеż׸ȸɫ
ȸӦһܿתȥ
ֻǰĹ򣬸ȸǱߣͲҪϢ
ԼǰһԻĸ߾ͻȻھʦ֮УݣԼ֮ǰеĽĵУȻ߾˱ʧˣϢǸ߾˽ʯ

ӵϢüͷ΢΢
ʯ֣˵ġ֪Ϣʹ¼һ߾һͬڴ֮С
¼֮УȻһ߾ˣʵǷǳŹ֣Ҳ˲˵ĺ档Ҳֻ֪˽ʯֻû뵽Ȼ
ݺĵ飬ϢһǸʯĸ߾ˣڸ߾۹ǳųǸ߾۹ĵһӥӥȸͺ༫ͣո߾۹Ǳ̽ӴϢʯƺҲǸҰļˡڸ߾۹ҲǼеˣһһЩ߾Ļҡ
ֻں˵͸߾Ļ̸ƺ߾۹ҸļǮ̫ˡսʯ֮ǰ˵һЩƺǾø߾۹̫ƶĸշתƵľʦ
߾Ǳ߾˵ڻͨ
ԭģӥ֪ԵĶ˭Ҳѹֻ
ͷ˼
ȷʯ飬Բǵһ¼ȻڴΧбʯǸ߾ˣǴȴ޹˼ɣԣеǼ飬ƽ
֮ң
ǼٴθԺڤڤУһĨǡ
ʯȻѾ뵽˶֮УʱڣȻðͷǼ鷢֮ǰǲٳˡȴ̫ż۽ʯ˶עʱȻۣһ̫á
֮Ӧþκӥơ
ȥʯĻӰͼΣһ֣ɱۣ

ϢѸٴʦңԶĸ߾۹
ʱ仺ȥӥϮ˶ǿ˾裬ͬʱָʾ鱨ϵͳƶһϸϵͳǲŸ룬ǿʳ鱨ԱĹͨʽе鱨ԱҲͨһصķʽݳµϢ
ӥʱõȹ̣ĺתУҲʱһ䣬û֪ļƻǴǼ֮ĴУͶһžʦͼ
û֪ʲôÿ춼Ứϴʱ䣬ŵͼĬĬ˼һửһЩ˭ҲļǺš
󣬴ǱƺҲʱһʱ䣬ʦָֻ˱ƽ
ʮ֮
һӥƣصϣĦŵͼ

ͻȻһȶӶдŤͷȥֻĴϣ֪ʱͣһֻЩߵȸֻǿһۣʱ̲סüͷһֻȸ͵ӥȸһ࣬ҲǳŸ룬һֻƯİ
ʦӥȸ˲٣ðϢģǾ޽С

΢΢һЦ˳ֻŷǳ죬͸׼С˼ֻ


1639 ¼
彫ֻģܿȡϵǷż㡣
żϤ֣¶һ˿º͵Цݡϸ룬Ͱ˼֮Ѿкܾûϵˡ
ѵѾͷ뵽ң֪ʲô飡
뵽ֻǿһۣüͷ΢壬Ȼ֮΢΢ɫ
˼к˼䣬Ȼᵽһ飬˵ڳ޽һ£̶ǧҴӸݸ˴Ľ˿ľ͸ľģҹ̽ȼ죬Ԥ֮ͻ᳹깤
ʱӻԵֲֵ׼ȥ¹
׼Ŀǰòע⣬ȥĻͻɰ˼ΪǰȥμӡΪڳҰ΢΢ЩУ԰˼صѯĿ
׼ȥǲȥϣ˼㽨顣
»ǵɵʱһЩҴǵطǰȥΪʵȥǮĽУ˴ĽǮȥμӹ˴󲿷ַǸ󣬾Ǯʱ󲿷ֶСҲֲܹһֵĻ
Ȼǰ˼дģʵǰ׼Ҫѯ˼Ͼʹ֮䣬ϵϴεľ¼Ӵ˶֪ġ
ȴ
ѵôͿʼ𣿡
Ƿżϣ̧ͷϷһ˫üͷɽ
£
ôܻ᲻ǵ飬Թ֮˾ʦ֮меҴǰȥμӣڵʱû˶룬Ϊǰķ¹ֻ࣬һΣµǴӶѡ
Ҫ׵Ǯ϶ҪЩˣûж֪ԭô򵥡
û˶ȥ룬ԴӵݣôԵ޹ʵȥһ£һȥֿ֣Ҫ֪ӿɲŷ
ڴ˵Ǽ٣ʵҪ£ģͬʱʦ֮УжҴ֧Լ
ж뵽ڵĹʽյȴûвμӷ¿Ҵͨͨ˴ӵĺ
ңºܵ˴ӵļ˱ʹѹ
ʱҴʱ׷Ϊֽڣӽó͢ѹķѡ
ڴƣЩҴ岢ֻǴһңһǿľӪʹǺʹƱѾΪһ塣
ڵͬݻٸԼҴ壬ͬʱҲ൱ڴݻһƱ
ҲΪպĻ˷ʡ
ϸ룬֮ңһ־Ե¼Ŵʽڶ޵Ľ׶ΣôһǴ¼
嶼û뵽֮죬һɲǣɫޱȡ
¼Ƽ򵥣δȴ֪жͷأ
ΣһҪ취ֹ顣
ƺӦһ̣֮ʯԺ
ע¼֮ʽʼӵµʱȫֹ飬ڿʼʦ֮ÿһҴҷ۳һ㡣ܹ֮ıⳡѣ֮ҽÿһҴ㣬Դϲⶥ
һǰѪһ޴ądͻȻƾճ֣ȻѸСΪһţӡ֮ʯС
Ժеı仯ʱ˳˼

ҲƬ֮һĽҴҵ˽
£šơ³ҷϢ˵Ҫ£¶ᣡ
ͷ鹧һ˵ţһ߽еż˹ȥ
û˵ƺоʲôӹż㣬ֻǿһۣüͷϣšơ³Ҳյ˴ӵ
⼸Һ֮У˽֪ĸ֮ǣԼ˹֮սº͵ĸģ飬൱һ־⼸Ҷġ
һӲ֪ܲȻšơ³ҷȥȻǿģе¾Ͳôˡ
ָоãɵӰ±ӡлҪصöࡣ
ˣҵȥѯһºкϵҴ壬һжܵ˴ӵ
ͻȻڵޱȡ
ֻʱ֮Ǳ߾յ˻ԭĻҪöࡣ
һ£þеҴ׷ӣ֮ΪС

ͬʱ֮Уһ˶ۼһ
еѾ𣿡
ͻȻڵĿȴһµĻš
ȫѾ͵ˣʦ֮УֻҪʲһĶѾյǵȻѾȥ»ûнɣʱ޷֪ǻж˲μӣԼ᲻μӡ
͹ˡ

Ͳòĵˡ
˵ŵͷеڣƺеһжƿ֮С
̬ȣΧ˶˵ˡȻǰλһģڴߣѾΪ˵죬ӵ˶޷ĵλ
ǰиʣ
ʱ򣬴ͻȻ˵ˡ
ѹٹ֮еһоͽⲢʲôʣ֡
޽£Ŀ˵𣿶ҡҵûʲôǱЩƺšơ³ȺϵеҡǺĹϵͶ𣿡
һ£ٽ̻ԻͣеķˢϽܺķѵǮƶڴ˵ֻСǮ΢ǹ˵ģͨһ£ܽʦеľʦ御£ôֲʵС
˵ЩáҪ֪ǵĶֿɲͨˣܹô׻֮ǰҲͲᱻŪôǱˡ
ǣ¶Ѿˣֲ뷨治ʲôϵأ֮Ī֮ĪѵǻҺ͵Բɡ
ҵҲҪ̫߹ǺĹϵ˵Ҳֻҵϵĺϵˡ²ЩҴĹϵѾõˣԸ⽫ðյĵزɣ
˵ʱͷû̧Ŀʼû뿪һϸС֣ƺһʵǺ壬ֵûش⡣
һһȴδļ̳ˣ£㣬ôѡ񣿡
˵һ仰ڣͻȻһƬžһɲǣжһ
˹ǵĶʵ̫ˣķâҲʵ̫ʢһʱ֮Եһ򵥵ʵ
¼жԸԼΪһ˺͵۹δʥԣ
¾׼ɣ
ͷҲ̧ĵ
Ҳ¶һ˿Цݡ
ʯǰĻ𣿴ڿʼҪʱԼʦҴĶһϢ
ͻȻתͷԶһӰ
˱ѳͣһֻ͵ĺ࣬Ŀ𺣬ʿԭкܴĲ죬Ȼһ߾ˡ
·ģֻҪڣκεķ紵ݶʦеκα仯ϸţҶһʱ¡вأ¾ң
ʯôŸ߾еǻ˵˵ʱĻ£Ͷ㣬͸¶һǿšƺûʲôġ
ãģֻҪȫЧұӦһ㲻ֻӴĲƸڸ߾Զ޷ľ޴Ȩ
ӵ
л£
ʯɫһ¡



1640 Ĵӣ
ҹšơ³ҵƻ³ҵ´³Ҽɫ꣬һڴⲽΧ³ҵĳϿȫڡ
üͷǣǷһưƴСͨͨ
ôǱϢ𣿡
³Ҽһ³ҹǸɵ
ûУҪȻȥһ
ʵ³ҺĹǸɵ
ͬھʦ֮У³Һ֮䣬ʵҲ֮ܽǰҲʹֻ³ҼҪżˡ
У
Ȼнǣ³ҼǺԥķˡ
ڵΧ֪ۼ˶̽ӣ˴ƣܱ̽Ҳ鲼ܡÿ˵Ĵ̿ͺͼͲ֪ж١Щ˶֮ͽʱȥܴ鷳³Ҳңûа취Ӧôӵľ档
ոɵѳΪȫµķ籩ġ
ʧ꼰㣬ʱûضĳЩᣬӶ²ҪѣʵϣǱҲǵһ㣬ر˽رҪ飬ŸͿˡ

ЩʱͻȻһ󼱴ҴҵĽŲУҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һ³ҵ첽
ոܵţĿ
򵥵һ仰ɲǼʽжȻһ˵Ŀ׷׿˹

룬½ҼҴҵùŷ⣬ȲĲ𿪣Ȼֻǿһۣ³ҼɫȻһ𣬱΢
˵ʲô
ΧеĳϺͼĹǸɶ³ҼڴĻش𣬵ǰûеȵĻظһвɲ첻ѡ
Լɣ
³ҼҲûж˵ֱż˹ȥ
ܿ죬żеĳϺͺĹǸתһȦţɲǼ˵ı鶼³Ҽһ÷ǳ΢
⡭
˵
Ҳ֪ʲô˼ȻѾˣǾͰ˵ɣ
ã³Ҽڿڵ
ͬһʱ䣬ͬھʦͬš
ʱ󣬰µʱһţܿ͵˴ɵ졣
ʦ⣬ɽ£ûеԼʱ䣬ɽ˺зӳ޽£ھд÷зչע¡
ͳ͢вͬʦеͨնϵԶûô񣬶˵ǴӣԼǰʮ׸ߵľ޴ʦˡ
£Ƽţ¹Ŀ
²ԶһɽϣһĽڵϹ
ã
ɽϣⷬһϲĿһƬѩ
ҿ
еݴһƬϲá
ףͯΪֹѾжҴӦˣ
ӰżۺãӭһƬˬ
ص£ΪֹѾյǧĻغѾа˳ϵҴӦǰ񡣶ֻУδӦûࡣ
ףͯվڴ߰˳ߵĵط
ã
ⷬдϲ
ǰŲߣ벻ССһ£ȻܽͷŵĴҾ£֮ǰԽ£ôþʦΪã
Ŷɽ̻ԻͣΡȻ׳Ĵ£ԼɽȺֱһ̣ǶԹͶء
һֱǾûܻôΧ֧֣ûҪǸλʼվòʲô
ڲֻͬҪЩҴ֧֣ǸλϾ˳̩ɽ
ͷ˵ʱкܳһʱ䣬Ӹоûдʱȥɽ£ʦУ£ֵİԽԽ࣬յżͬҲԽԽ࣬ÿһż㶼ôϵЦԽĲһ֡
ʶʱΪܣΣ󣬾ʦеҴ廹վ˱һࡣЩҴֺ֧֣γ²ɣ
΢裬г첻ѡ
ȵչҪʦ֮л˭ΪУ
֪ͨҵˣ׼ɵ񣡡
ͻȻ
ǵ£
ӵĻһܿҴȥ
ڴеʱڵ

ɽһײӾ轨Ĵʽɡһķһɽİͬһɹӿĺһ㣬ɽӿȥ
ӷ𣡡
ɽϽдŽɫģһſεΪ׳ۡ
Ϊεɵ񣬴صشӸһЩɮΪˡ
֪ܿ쵽ɵҪһ
λʩлλ񣬷ȱʰ˵ӼǹǴһ˷ɣʩֺ֧͹ƽȣйƣ۴Сڷнһλľͺá
µסִüĿǴһλɮ
ĽɻӵΪʹУȴȱ֮ģǲ֮ӽ
סһ˵ţһȥͬʱƳһԲԶ
סֵ䣬ɽ¶ʱһƬȻ󻶺
ӣ
ӣ
ӣ

һ󻶺쳹ء
񻶺ĳȣϲޱȡ
һɲִƺվɽۣ֮վڻʹޱȵ̫Уӵͳݡ
λոҲ˵ˣӣǹ轨±ΪҴƣԼﱾʣʮᣬɷá
⣬ιյǮȫ֮ãɴרŰܱЩ¹ѣҸ֮
ǰ˵
䣡
ⷬ˷оʦһƬ
ӹȻ񣡡
ԭ޽Ϊ˰Щ¶
Ϊʰ֮ĵĻӣضǸʰ֮ס˵ûպΪƵľǱض֮

˷ⷬ׷׼ѡ
ι£ܶ˽Ϊӵͷո֣ⷬȴ֮ǰû뵽ġ
һ˲件ԽˣɽϣЩʦձȸոոҵĻϷӵ緢ϲޱȡ
һ¼ܻʦҴ֧֣ͬʱģðյӵϸûбˣǶǮġ

һʼһҴĴܿ볡
Ϲףɣ׻ƽǧ
Ϲףɣ׻ƽǧ
ǻϹףɣ׻ƽǧ



1641 
ӵܿ촫ȥǰҴУʱ˵
ǧǻƽôҪôࣿС壬һʱȥ׼ôƽ𣿡
Ǳ˵ˣд֣պٲҲһ
Ҫֱ˳ȥˡ
ˣʲôˣҲѾϣΪڻɵ𣡡

ǧ֣˵ɫѿޱȣʱ򣬼ϣǺڣҲˡ
ǧƽľ޶ʧ˵޷ܵĻǵδƴĺʹۡǰҴ壬Ǻܿ˾
ܿ죬űӵĺһһҴĴܿ볡
Ϲףɣؾ׻ƽǧףأ
ǻϹףɣؾ׻ƽǧףأ
Ϲףɣؾ׻ƽǧףأ

ǧƽСһЩҴ˵ǸСĸⷬȸԾĻϲҲЩҴ˵ǧƽ㲻ʲôرܹõδĴġ
ļҹף½ɣرƽǧ
϶μҾ׻ƽһ
Ҿ׻ƽһǧ
ǺؼҾ׻ƽ
׼Ҿ׻ƽǧ

ЩۻĴ׵Ǯһһ࣬󣬾ͺƴ˭ĶһѾԶԶ˴ԭ˵ǧż
ţѾƽˣ̫˼ˣ
ǰȺ˵һǴ۽硣ھʦַµɵĵ˾ռߣһЩǮҲв٣ǴҲǼʮ༸ӣǰ£ڼʶľʦ˵Ҳ΢΢Щզࡣ
׵ǮԽԽ󣬶еĿͳͳ㱨˴
£ΪֹյǮѾһǧƽˣǰҴ壬뿪֮⣬ȫ˵õǧֻȵͻǧ
ڴµĺ󷽣ףͯҴ׵ġǮȻͳһ㱨һССķ£ռġǮȻܹǧƽ𣬼ֱš
һʾ޿Ҫ֪嵱ƹսҪսʣ͢ҲͲһǧƽѣӽֻ轨һ£ռǧƽǴֵ
º󷽣һɫ̴ľУףͯһ֣ϵЦԽԽŨ
ϲ£һܹôҴ壬׳ǧƽ𣬿Ҳֻе²ܹ
ȻЩҴ˵ҲδĲѡ
ЩҴ֧֣ټϵµƱضڵµз󣬱Խǿ٣

Χһŷ׷׹ʧʱĹص
ҾͲعάˣֻǴĴƣ׸µİˣ˵ʲôڴƣδĸ
ӰУȻǫ飬һ䣬ȴй©е˼
ƣ֮⣬˭ʸ̳

˵ʱʱ죬ʱһִ̼ףҴҵ˽̧ͷԺ̸ЦĴӺˣֹƺԥʲô
˵ûˣòűܻ䣡
üͷһ壬
ص£šơ³Ĵǰ񣬾׻ƽʮ

ⷬΧͻȻһƬžƽʮԲһСĿǶЩʵۺҴ˵Ҳһʾ޿
ιǰǰʮƽҲԵò̫ͻˣϾȣҲֻǶƽѡ
ûΪʲô㱨¡
˵šơ³ĴңĴң
ʱףͯһƺʲôͻȻڵ
شˣǴšơ³Ĵң

ˣ
󣬵Χڣ˶ıɫ
ڴƣھʦšơ³Ĵʵ̫ˡⲻΪǴŴĶ켼ӴģԼı
Ҫǣڳ˶ףĴҺʹĵˣǽһġ
ս˹֮ս弸Ҫս֮УЩҵӰ˵нʱյݵλŻ³ĴҲû
Ѿֻһ֣ǴһӴ󣬽Ҵ壬һӴ塣
ã
йâһ˴ϲĴλվ
ʶʱΪܣ벻Ƕˣô˰γ²ɣ
һɲǣϲޱȡ
šơ³ĴҾȻҲμӴµɵǴ֮ǰѹû뵽ġȻδĻʴ֮䣬ЩҴ嶼ǵѡ
һջеĻҪĶࡣ
Ǿǳһ㲻ôı䲻ˣ㴦ͱԣ벻ɣһͽЩ׷Ҵ׷£ҪԺ㻹ƾʲôͱԣ
һɲǣ緢ϲޱȡ
ϢϣһһУӱò᲻ᵽҴ׷׵ִ
ǣιʽ֮󣬱Լǣ
ӳ
һһϢϴִҴԽԽ࣬ԽԽ֣յǮҲܿ쳬ǧ

һ쳹Ⱥɽ
ڴУӽµĵطرһ޴ͭӣͭһɶߣ߰ǧءͭ˽ᣬ˾ģڽһ޴ͭ鳣ԻӣǾ׳ǧƽģÿ˶Ǹ޴ͭײͭӣַʽԼļ
۾ʦˡȻӵʼڣʱʱײһһʹûֹͣǺһ㣬ɽۻ죬ʮ֮Զ
ÿײȺһɽѰĻɵޱȡ
Ȼڴ緢˵ʱһ벻鷢ˡ

ֻƬ̵¼һͷ󺹣ֻʧ˽
£ˣ
仰Ժ֮УһƬţʱ䶼·ֹ
ͭӵײһһ󣬻˱˷ߣȴͻȻ֮˭Ҳû뵽ʱ֣֣ǴԼˡ
㵽ʲô˼ʲôˣյӣҲ
üͷͻȻڵ
ǡ
ҡͷĲ
Ѿɽţɽ
䣡
һʯǧˣ仰˶ˣһδɵ񣬴Ȼ㷢еҴ壬ֻҪ˵ŵģյԲ
һɲǣɫʱ


1642 б
쵰ûǲҵҪҪʲô
ӳΧɫҲѿ
ν߲ƣ߲ʱ֣϶ʲô¡
ߣ汾ȥ
ɫһ䣬͵һ˦䣬ȥ뿪˱Ժ

£ʮ᷿Ĺɫľһַǡ̽Ĵ۱ǰʮ׸ߵķһ죬һָأׯϣǳΪ˽̸ֵ۵Ľ㡣
ɰǴӣΰȻͬ
ؼǴôʰ֮ģͷӵıⲻǲı𣿡
Ժ¿ҪΪʦķˣԺ£Ͳʦˣ

⣬ͷַܶǷʱһ߿ͻȻ쳹ɽۣ

ɽ˺ɽۣͬһ׻գɲǼ䣬ԭֵĴһ˲䰲˶סˡ
ܿ죬ƺӦĿ߾㵣ϲԻ󣬻𾴣ȫɽ¡
ŶӣײһҴĴҲͣĿ¶һ˿ɫ
ڴƣּ˲֪˲ԺգҲܹעĽ㡣
ڴ˵Ҵ˵һԭô򵥡
ǺʹӲ⡭ôʱ֣
һҴļеģͻȻоЩ
¼ӺĹϵʦ֮ѲܡڸҴ˵Ȼû˺ƤǴվڻʹǽϣѿɫӡҴԺ֮Уһ棬ֵ˵˵Ĺϵ
˵嵱ƽ²¡Ĺְż˳ãҲʹŲٵĹϵ
ھʦҴ壬ûУѾˡ
ʱ֣ݷãÿ˶ŵһɲͬѰζ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ԶԶģͿɽ£һݽɫͭޱȣǰӵǰԯϣһӭƮ裬һɫһֻɫצĿޱȡ
ʦӵֻ±־ģҲֻһˡ
䣡
ɽţͬһʯ£Ⱥ˲ˡ֮ǰĴµǿʼʱ򣬻֡




һȵĻӿȣ쳹ء˲ͬεУɽ˺ۼ˵صƽͨҲġûȥעϵ飬Ҳû˸оյı仯
ھʦİ˵ǴƵս޲ʤ޲˵սػƵӢۣһоô򵥡
ݵİգ֪١
ʱ仺ȥҲƬ̵ʱ䣬ֻɽȺֿһӽŻ˳ӽ󷽣ͷϽڣۣüĿݲȵĴɽ
ϴ壬˶һ۵ݣ˵ĸоƽȻͬһĸоȴֶһѰûеϡ
¼رһ˼ս漣Լڳ͢еǿ֣֪Ұ⣬˶ϰݣһʱ֮䣬ȴˣҲֻһʮѡ
ŨҵսɱϢһλʵҲһλѹӡ
μ
һҼʹһһ׷ǰȥ
ǰȫ£ԺȨƵˡ
ݣǰλҪԶԶڳˡ
ЩҪֺôӵҴ壬Ҳ׷ǰ񲻸˿Ρ
ǺˣȻʱμӱĴɵ񣬲ЩˣǺʱͶ
˵ʱʱ죬˷׷ǰʱͻȻһɽδ䣬ϵĽŲɽ۵ķ򣬴ɫ䣬һȺ˵Ļ£ǰӵƺƵڵķ
߲ƣ߲һϵе¼ӿɲΪǸĵصġһ仰ЩǺʱͶˣ˵壬㲻ܻӭӵ̬ȱ
ΧȻҲоһ㣬һɫ΢䣬˿ӣֿ壬׷ʶȥ
Щ
˶ƤȻַɣ˵ǿͣϲɰ˷֮ͣӵɫɾʲô˵ӡûʱ򣬾ʹӵ֮УΪͷƷ
棬һƵᣬ˿Ϊ
ڸˣ
Ŀ磬źۼɨ£ԼΧͷܶȺرͷʮ׸ߵĶ۷ӣǶͣ˼롣
ϱӣԵһµģʱһǼҵ䡣󣬴ѻһƬ
ˣطȴ˼ӡ󣬵յĴɵ˿յǮǧƽ൱ڴƽӽľѣֻǽͳＯˡ
ңʱȻ˵ǾΪЩʧĹ¶áʵϣһС˴⣬ԼһСãӹ֮⣬ųϵĲƸȫչ鼺Уǳеʱ
˵һ£Ϊ֮ҵĿˣڴǷǳҪġ٣ûʲƣӵıô˳
ԣΣ嶼ǲġ
վܼģɽ˺ɽϣҪһĻǰݣôһɲǣҲһ˿㱡֮󣬺ܶ鶼ıˣ٣µɾǰࡣ
Ҳ֪⻹ϱǲһʮ׸ߵĶ۷ӣȴӡġ
ǰ۷ӣ嵱ŵӼһģһ
üĶһֻ۾
ЩͷԺзӶֻһ˲䣬ع
ǺǣѵôĴƣҪ޽£ô飬ôܲûҲҪġ
̧ͷĴӣһͽӵķһʴ
ĿٴɨȺɽһƬ֣Ŀ˷˹˵Ŀⶼͣʹϣ˶Ϊʹִ֮ȴûж֪֮ԻȫΪǡ
ûԼ֣һδ¼֮󣬲֪ҴҪΪ֮ҷ𡣷ûвμʢģ֪ܵ˴ѹϰңһ֮ͻΪ˽׷׼
μξۻģȻʱʱѣº⵽֮ЩûвμӵģҪ
һ׵׵ѣ
ЩͽӵҴȻǾȡǹףһжΪ棬ֻǴƵһѶѡ
ȻΣһҪֹⳡѵķ
аֻͷ˭Ҳ֪


1643 ̫ʷ
ߣ찡Ŀǹֱûз
Ц
ͲطˣһҲģ
嵭ȻһЦ˰֣˿Ϊ⡣
һɫޱȣ˳ŸװͿˣǴҲûߡ
ˣ
ҧݺݵ˦ӣͬʱףͯһۣѸٽһɫ
ľѳۣھмеҴ嶼ѾƿҲѾҲ뵽βҪʲô
ʱ򣬴ӷʲôˡ
²ˣ
Ԥϣڴӵ׼ӵʱȻһЦǰ
ҿʱҲˣҲѾɣֱɣ汾׼һǧƽΪµǮ
仰Ӷʱɫһող¹أо׵Ҵ嶼ǧһүصֻܵһǧҵġ
ߣ˵үҲᣬƸܹ°ʦˣүǮֻһǧʦһЩСҴ嶼磬ǲЩ̫ˣ
ʱһӶдһĻŲԹɫǰһ߷߲ƽ
ߣ˭˵үֻһǧˣүû˵꣬ʲôңү˵Ҳֵ𣿡
ʱ󣬳ԪǰһЦ
Ԫ£
ʱʧʱĳȳȴûаֵ˼
˵׼δռƿʧĹ¶լʺҲǳرóǧƽ𣬺͵һǴƵЩ¶
忪ڵ
䣡
ⷬ˷еҴ壬Լɽɽ˺ȺڲɵñһɽѰľɽÿһ˶־ˡ
ǧ
ģ
ȴӾĶҪö࣡

ڴƣһĿ֮ңһĻҲᳬƽǧ˵һӶľ޿㹻ͨһĻ
һ࣬ڳҴҲɫ㵣оɲⷬٶʵ⣬˹עĻԶֹ
ǷҲֻ˵˵ѣ˵Ǿ׸º͹¶´ǮƶԼС
ҾŻô࣬»֪ЩǮֻǷ˴Ӷѡ
һҴĴ壬д˷Щûһ˸ҵŴӵ浱˵
һ࣬ȻͬûԤϵⷬӦЦ
Ϊóǧƽܺͱ޲ɼ
ⷬţȴ˿ûб¶˵Ļȫͬ
ȻĴƣҴƵүȻͱһϵЩʧĹ¶ЩǮʹˡ
ӵ͸ոսȻͬϸȥ¶һ˿Цݡ
ڵѾһͷβıһֺͿ͸֡
ЦĿǼȻʹӵͬ뷨
彫˵ɫ۵ףЦʲô᲻ף
Ҳƣǧƽȷʵ٣Ļƽûôףǻ˵̫ˡ
⣬Ӵ˾Ϊ츣µĹ¶Ϊ˴һ˶֪ӵ֮ģø˼С
Աصؽ̫ʷ¼ش£Ϊ̫ʷǱߣһССᣬһ·ϻ˵Ҫ£͵˵˵
忪ڵ
ˣ
仰һ˲ɫ֮ǰлǵ󣬵ͻȻ֮ⷬ˶ʱЦˣɫѿޱȡ
̫ʷ
ʷ£дʷ飬ҲһԸŰĹְе̫ʷֲЦѭؾ˼뽩֮ˡ
Ϊʷʫľʵǣκεκ֪̫ʷһصְܣǼʷ
еʷٶڴƵָƣǴ󲿷ʱ䶼æ׫дͼ¼ʷʵûжʱеһ֪ĳЩϹصĵطرǾͻӣôض࣬Ŀľݡ
þе̳
ʱǳݲɳӣѸߣˡ
ҳΪΪѸߣӶη֣ײʲôѱ
˵ʱ˿̣̫ʷþǴļ֮һ
ÿÿ
˵ʱʱ죬Ļ䣬ɽһɧҴȺ׷ÿԶԶأֿռҵĵӣһͷ߰׵ߣɽ
һذ׵Ĳۣһ鲾һֻһ֧ʣɽ
˾ɫ䣬ҴļʹҲ׷ʶȥƺҪԶһ㡣
ǳҴ弸ǳŴӵģ±̫ʷÿдʷʱϼʣĳĳ꣬޽£ʦϡϰģһͬᣬôԺԼļųˡ
˵ıʣ佫ĵⶼο̫ʷеıʻ֣
үɣǧƽ򲻿ɣ
ͷϸܵĺ飬óһɽ·ȻЩ
˵һжС¡ոյɽֱǰȥ
Ѿ˵˺üˣдƵ²Ϲأ
˵˼䣬ƺͻȻע⵽Ĵӣɫ΢תŴȥһ
£һǧٶʮӵϽκĿٹԼľ޽£Ȼ¹¶ǣϳΪ򲻺ʣϣ½ҴǮȫ˻أ
ˣⷬеҴ˲һƬš
һ׸ֱǳɫ
ǿõɫһ棬ȻǿЦġ
쵰
ӺݺݵȭͷҪƫƫܷй
̫ʷλ̫ˣռһ̫ʷң̫ڻʵڵʱЩʷûа취˵ˡ
ҪǣողŵõϢҴ׵ǮѾﵽǧ֮ޣֻ಻١
ôһʾ޿ɲǸС֣ȫ˻ȥڴ˵ĸʣ
壡
һǴжӵպˡ
̫ʷˣַǴԼ޽ģյǮУɷ֧䣡
һףͯæǰ͵
Ƴ̫ʷҪдʷ黹֪ҪɶӰ죬ӻûеǻʱ黹֪ɶ໵Ӱ졣
һǣףͯ亹ˡ
ҲԲɣҴ嶼ĽµݵλԴӵݣ޽Ҵľڱδй򲻿ɣ²Ӧϳ˵ҲҪһ浽ʥʺͳ͢ȥˡ
һɫһĿľݵļơ
һɲǴɫʱԽѿˡ
ףͯҲͶһǰȫʩչֽš


1644 Ӵˮһգ
̫ʷ
бòôӦԵʱͻȻһʵӶߴ
̫ʷլʺô˵ˡ
ʱ΢΢һЦͻȻˡ
һȻӱףΧ˶סˡ
վǰĴӣȴǿһܵĲһֲĸоĹϵǾԲôԼ˵
Ȼһ̣˵Ļʼϲ
̫ʷǵĴӽ޽µ壬ܻ¸ǲõһǽ֮󣬽˲ȫ棬ͬҴ׵Ĳȫ棬̫ʷտš
ңҲ޷ʱȥЩ¶£¾ͽ͢ټĹʷ죬רųһµеĻȫװף¼ڰ
һʵִӵĳģ԰ЩҪĹ¶Ҳϴȥ̫ʷеĵǡȫŴҲӦòᷴԣ
һ˵öɫǱҲɫѿ˼㡣
ǧƽľǧôӴĲƸôӲĿָ们ߡ
ԴӸովȴӦ̫ʷ˽ֽţû뵽弸仰ͽ齻˳ϣһҪʷУһô˼ȵı֮С
һ˵ҪֽҲˡ
Ҫǣڵļƾܾܡ
£˼أ
΢΢һЦŲԶĴӣּһ
Ȼû
һƬãԼշÿһֶɬޱȡ
ˣѾɲͬˡ
ƵɭɽҲͰˣ׫дʷ飬ѸߣҪ׼һǵ飬黹֪Ҫֵʲôӡ
һ࣬ûǲ̫Ը£巴Ȱ˵£һ츣ʵǿǿͬ⡣
Ϣ£ɽľʦոһƬ
ڣôռ֤ҹΪҪڶˡ
쵰
ȵɵǽתصµĺԺ֮УҲ̲ס͵һȭϣ޵ҧˡ
壡
壡
һɲǣһ̫ʦУɱ
һ׮ȫĺ£ΪĲ׵ĽˡͬѾֵǧƽҲȫɡ
ǿǧ
ȶûԳＯôĻƽ
ڣһжûˡ
һ̣Ӷֱ֮ǡ
£鷳ˡǱʱѾôߡȻһʼ׼һЩڣǾ񡣲ֹˣոǽӵ߱һηɣвٵңһЩСңǵǮȫǱǳġ
һǾȫ޷жϳЩңЩͶǵˣǵĳȫۣǱʱѾûκˡ
ʱһӶдһԵףͯʹͷɬͳ
ʲô
仰ӻһ˶ʱסˡ

ɵǽɽ£׼뿪ʱҲһȺҴļ
л£
Ż³ԼʦһЩСҼǰ׷׹̬ޱȡ
ĿɨŻ³Ҽܿ죬䵽ЩСҼʹϡŻ³ҲͰˣЩСңȴһ̾
ʧ꼰㣬κη紵ݶģһЩҵ΢СҡҲԳʵԭ
νɱ￴һδ¼ʦСҲ֪жܵǣ
ЩѾߡˣʲô֪Ѿ塢ū͡
һ֪ǵıңҲصǳԭ֮һһΣǲûнǧƽ𣬵ȴǵĻ֪ʲô
ؿˡ
˰֣ܿعΪ
ΣһζлүˡԺүҪʲô飬żұضʱүĲǴ
һյľСҼ
үвǴʱԸ
СҵļҲŵ
ǷӦҲȻʼʱ򣬻ûʶµ֮ʱҲֻյ˴ӵҷӡ
ǵȵᵽǧƽʱ˷Ӧ׹еζһɲǣ˶亹乣²ѡ
㣬Ұæչھʦֵطִ󣬻ʲôû˱Ǹ
һ̣им㣬ҲŻ³лԭ
ֻǵȻһЦһ󣬺ܿСҵļǡ
ȵһ뿪ҲûˣֻʣŻ³ҵˣԼ塣Ĵļ࿴һֹۣ
£һ鷳ˣֻǡΪ˰ңȥǧƽֵ𣿡
󣬻³ҵļȴƳĬ
ȴһЦ
ص׷Ϊ£
˵ķӦ˿Ԥϡڿǵʱ֪Ϊ¶ѡ
⣬ȷʵˣΪǣʵүˡ
³Ҽһ
ǧһСĿټϰСңһδ¼˶ǧ߰˰ƽ
˵Уûյκεĺô
ȥ
ǺǣΪµĻǾʹɲءǧƽѣԱ˵㲻ʲôңЩǮɳ֣͢õЩ¶СҲȡ֮֮񡣡
嵭ȻһЦ
˹ͺɺԴʳһսӴʳ۹Ҫ˴⳥𣬼ǸֻҲʣ²١
ǧ˵ľǾţһë
ңһû˵ǾΪЩʧĹ¶
ʧĺӣ徭Ǹʢ̫ƽƼʸ߶ȷ綼޷⣬˵ַ⽨ʱ
ʢı֮£ʵкܶⱻڸâԽ貵ĵطղĵطԽĺڰ
嵱ʱ֪ƵĹ¶أԶ̫ڻʵ۵ʱ򣬾ܱ߸ĵ͵͵ǱƣЩ¶ܱߣѵΪݿ͡Ϊ̽鱨Ըơ
սңԼٳ˸Ĺ¶
䣬ƽٽδ֪˶ʧĹ¶һδ޽£׶ǧƽҲҪںƽ֮ǰһ׼
٣ѵЩ¶׼Եģͬʱĩ֮жһԱ֮
Σǽδƣϣ
ֻһУ岻κϸ˵


1645 µ
µʱһ䣬ӰȴԶûнõƶ£дɽ׿ڣܿ͢һ˾רŴЩ¶¡
ΪЩ¶Ծǧƽ£ҲѸٴ˾ʦԼݸ
Ŀ´Լ٣ھʦйܳޣͷβ̸ʱҲ塣
쵰
֮УյϢһҪҧˡ¼ȫͷеҴҲģǵջĵȴ塣
λ޽˴µĴӣûжˡ
𣿡
һƬžͷҲûأͻȻڵ
ˣ˲ϵļأһյǮܹǧٶʮڴ£̫ͨͨʷˣ
һǳĶĻ㣬ټһ󣬵ͷӦ
֣һƬţ˶ĬӵɫǺڵĸһ
ǧ
׳ĻҪĶ࣬ӽˣ¼о࣬ͬʱҲʧġʧô࣬еȴȫһ˶ˡ
һɲǣӶֱ֮ǣ
ºαգֻǧƽѣ¹£ֺαһСǮ
ڴڵһƬϢʱһۺͻȻڵһɲǼ䣬ԭصնʱ滺˲١
ʱʧ֮ܺ󣬻ֿʹ˵ģҲֻʣһˡ
ھӲԶĵطץһһ˵ţһ˳ַһҳ˵ĹУͷû̧һ¡
Ȼ͵˵
಻ԶĵطףͯԼһȺϳһ۹ж¶һ˿ӵɫǣ̬Ⱥʹ˵ͷأˡ
֪Ϊʲô֪ʲôĹȴأͶԴһĳȫͬ
ǰ޽¿ǹһȺ֮УЩͶǵĶ޷ǰ㻹Цó
ӳ
ÿ˶ܸоĳǿŭǲ֪ΪʲôȴѹסˣǰżĿơ
仰ȻһЦڷ˴Ӳֵ
˭˵Ǿûа취ֱЩԸͶˣ

һ仰˲˵ע⣬׷ŤͷȥĿȫλϡ
ڣҴ֪ǿеǸôˡò˵ľٶȷʵЩԤϣĶеҴǰμӴµɵǳʾǮȻ˳ۣЩǮ԰¶ȫŲߣжһһ˼ǵķǳȫЩվҲСѡ
һ˵ţһ߱˫֣ϻվ
⡭ǰ˼ǣ
һ㵣Ӷüͷ׹Ϊʲô˵С
𣿡
ЦͶһζ
һжǸηӦҲͼЩʲôǵĿĶѾﵽ¼ѾʦеҴʿͼȻôһͣЧȷʵ˲٣ֻҪҪͶµģȻͶ£ûд¶һ

ⷬӴΪ⣬һסˣⷬȴ֮ǰûģ
ǰ˼ǲûʧܣ
ߣôܡ

ҹɫϷжϣ⼸ҲӦжˣ

˵ʱʱ죬ƺӦŹֻգ۵ʱ䣬ͿһĽֳֳꪣҴҵ˽
£ոյһţ¹Ŀ
˵ţڵأ˫һ죬ͷܿ콫еһż߸𣬵˹ȥһ࣬һĻżǰǷųʵݵ˴С
ùţһǸӡɫ΢㵣漴Ѹٲеŷ⣬ֻǿһۣɫ΢䣬̧ͷһ۶Ĺ΢ͣ˶סˡ
Ȼ¶ˣֻǾӶûϵЩҴķӦ֮졣
һвŸոտʼȻѾӦ˰£ô¾ֻҪ׼
һ̵Ĺ޷ԶϢޱȡ
û֪ڹ˵ֻһСС̽ѣλû˿Ķֵ֤ԼԶ֡
ȻѾͨԼĵһزԣôԳ֣ԸһսɣһϷŸոտʼ

ҲᳯԼǱߵĶӴ¹¶齻֣ܿ͢صһҲٶȻָ
ΣһҪ취̽鵽߹ʥϵ
ĴУ԰Ȼָнߵš
µ¼ȷеĺܶ²⣬ҲΪˣԽеҪ֪߹İΣȻʹϿվͺһһ㣬ȫ޷̽
ټһʦĿǰյϢڸ߹ϵʵ̫Ѱˡ
Ҫʱ򣬿»ȥһ˻ʹˣ
а
󳼽ʹкܶĽƣܶطǽأҪ̽߹»ϲСմƵǴɣ˵ʱѾ˲ôˡ
ʱ仺ȥڸ߹ٳյʱ򣬼֮ȴ֮תۡ
ȣңԷ糾Լ֮ڻʹ֮в鵽һЩ˿
ʲô˵ֹ򶷣һˣ
ĴУӱϻվ𣬿ŵŵĽ̫࣬ɫޱȡ
үȷʵˡҲѯ̫͹ŮڳҵרʹˮĶʳһЩϢڶǷ๬дѪıѰĹŮ̫õģڹоԲͬѰ
˳ҵ˹еļŮ̫࣬Щʲôֻ֪˵ǴŰǰǷ빬е̫ʰһЩЩѪıġ˵ʱӦûвٵѪھǾͲ֪ˡ
ǵʱ򣬷ֵʱȥʰļŮ̫࣬ȫʧˣֻʣºһŮΪʱ˺󹬻̣ӹһ١
£һ̫ͷ
ֹˣϢһ·׷׷鵽һЩϢͬڰǰ͹һʬȥյʱЩ˵˵Щָ繳Ƥ𪣬֬ҪѩףĳЩĹǵƤͣͬһ㣬ڰ˵ĹУſڵļ˼ӡΪǵʱǱ˰Ŀؾ


1646 ҹ̽ʹһ
⣬ҵ˵Ǽ˶ͷ­ĿԴϵ·Ҳǳ֣ȲǹеĹҲǽȫǹˣЩ
̫˵ֹ
̿𣿡
һѺĻ˵˳
ǣ
̫๪
ƵĻʹ˵·Ϊܵĵط˸׽УЩ״ң˸ڹǹŮ̫ͽôֻʣ´̿һ;
ֹˣǵǶʱǰ󣬾̫һЩ˼𣬵ʱһ빬ݡյʱи˵Щʧޣ׻
ʱԱһ̫Ҳǰ˼ͷ
ǹһû¹꣬ȻӲ׻
ʣµĻ̫û˵ܶ˵һ͹ˡһطҲͰˣĿɵ㣬Ҷָ̫ķôһоֵ˼ˡ
û˵üͷ壬ޱȡռϢ׼ȷôʣ̫һɱ
ϵ̫ʥڵ̫͵֮ľ룬ԼͼܸߣֻӵȼҪܽ롣ǡǡСָϵĸ߹ƽȥĵط֮һܶණ˵ҲѾ֮ˡ
ôܣȻôĵӣ
һɲǣɫأгģһŨҵĲ
֮ǰСӵʱоָо˲ĴҲõ֤ʵ
ûȻĵΪͭǽڣƵĻʹ֮дɱ߹λµһĴܹ̫࣬ҴյĽǻɹˣЩ󸶳Ĵۡ
Ѿ޷Щ˵жߵΪ˵˸ʿ
ǵģԶֹʿʥĹʥڵܹ׵ûвòȥɣǲ̫ܳġ
οɱô飬˺üĵڹȻûмһ˻
ҴĿǰõϢ·ʱΧĽҲһǰĻûһˡ
ʹһģѾˡ
ӣΪ˻λѾ˵Ȳ𣿣
а

ʱ仺ȥ壬ŻǶǱߣʱ䣬ѵõĿƺֻǶݵصȴǸĲ
𣿡
ҹҹɫڻʹϵĽһ͵͵Ӻڰд
Ǽ˸ոչȥôˣǺòץĻᣬԲʧү¿Ǻܿأ
ڰУһ
ģܲˡǰû˿ܵˣ
ڰУ֮ǰǸ
˺Ȼɵеƣʩչġӵ֮Χ㣬ϸ΢صҧ䶯ܹ˵Ϊʹ֮УûбǸ̽ˡ
Ӧʱֲǣߣ
ڰУһĺһ̣âһӰµӰзݶ˲ʧ
ǰӰɳţЩϴŽĿףȴͨĽһڽѲߣʱʱϷӡ
ż䵽棬Ҳͷ­ʹѲ߽ʱҲȫʶǰܹƺΨֱ˷֡
⵽ô£Ĺôô죿Ѿ뾡취ȥˣѵǸҩ⣿
˲Уٶȼ죬ҹһƬžˣһͻȻѹǱԹ
ܣЩҩͷȥԹǵʱҲҩǲ⣬̷ʳһ㣬һ͵ĺӣû죬˾Ѫ˥ܣһ첻һ죬ս˥΢ʱ䣬˵ľͬ߰ʮͷӣվվƫƫҩȻͣȴЩ̷ڶһôҩм٣
һҡҡͷһǰ첽ߣһ߳
⡭Ѿķˡˮ͵͵ôϣôһöûУȥһﻹס
Ϊ׵ġһǵ
ģܳģ¡Ǳ˵ˣһζҩ͵ģҪʱ綾ҲУľ͸ˣȻûа취ˡ
ڶ˵Ҳɸпѣ
˵治Ǵڵһܹܴ˰ֳٽһ¾ǰٶֵĽ֮ˣҿЩǰˣ
һ˵ţһ߿ǰȥƬ֮ƺ˵ͷ¼ףֱͦһ繬ѰĽһ㣬Ѹ̤һ乬֮Уʧ
ʧ󲻾ã󷽵İӰУӰͻȻ˳
ôˣǸ˵ҩָܹ
ȿȣȡ
һյİĵƻţ˵һҵĿԡ
⣬İĵطƿ⴦طһ˿Ĺâ
벻ǾȻѸ߹
а
˵ġӵ֮ԶȳĶ࣬˵ľֻΧﰵﲻ֪˶ٸ֣ػˮйͨƵĹҲɰļ£
û⣬ˡߣϽүȥ
˻࿴һۣһݣѸʧ

ʱתۼ͵˵ڶϡ
Ϻʱйâһûжע⵽һӰһֻ˸ʧֻյʱ䣬˱ѾΡΡĻʳǽ¡
Ϊⳡң˵Ҳֻˡ
վڸ߸ߵĳǽ£ʮ׸ߵǽͷа
ʹеĽչеĻҪ죬һֹȻɽе׷ٸ֣嶼û뵽ôջ񡣱٣δҹζ࣬弸̾˾ҹ̽ʹ
ڵȫһͷϴĲƽҲƽıȫҹ´磬ֻ¶ֻ۾档
뻢Ѩɵûӣд⣬ΣһҪҵ߹
ʹĳǽܸߣһȥ޷һ㣬ֱͣ˵һж⡣
ಣ
âһҲƣһֻһ㣬Խؿռ䣬ѸٳǽͷǽϷХһɹɵХ岢ǵһνʹڻʹеĺܶطѾǳϤվڸ߸ߵĳǽϷȥҹĻʹȴһֽȻͬĸо
ʹԶԶ׵ڶ岽һʮһڣѲߵĽһһûжǡ
ֻĿһɨͷʹľƺƵﰵ֪˶ٸ̶֣Ѩһ㡣


1647 ҹ̽ʹ
ʹΣյģʾʥڵ̫͵ˡ
һɹɾƴޱȣ͸ϣ嫣ֱʡ
ʥ
ʯ䣬ԺһͷЩʥʥᶨĻһЦٿڣһǿʵκΪ֮𶯡
˹֮սƾѪսպڼ׽֮һ䳬Խ۹󽫼ʵκΪֹ֮
ЩʥĹ£̫͵ķһƬ˿ܲʥǵµһ˵Ϣڡ
̫͵ľһȫ޷̽еʵ
֪ʥʵôˣ
а
ı⣬ֱ̫̽͵Ҳֻ룬ܿͷȻͻƵ΢ڣҲûаܹͻط뵽̫͵С
ʹ֮иƣƼ֮ʥʸǺųƱƽ侳ˣ˭Ҳ˵׼ʹ֮ǷһЩظ֡˵΢֡
ڴ̽Ĺб֣Ҳ÷ǳӡҾ岻ԼҲòԼҡ
Ŀֻ̫͵ͣƬ̣ܿջĿ⣬һط
̫Ӷ
̫ӵĵطȻûбΪʴô꣬һֱסڶڣҲֻһֶѡ
ⲢעģעǶһŻްĪȴǿϢ
Ϣ˵ĸоǷǳǿңΣոȴʥҪǿҡ
Ӧþɣ
а
¼չ棬ϢѾǷǳϤУܹܹ̫λõˣûһӹ֮Ǹʿ˵ĸо϶˼Ķ书Ѱǿ߿Ա⡣
ҹ̽ʹȻûһϢй¶Ǻ˵᲻ᾪλ
ֺ͸֮ĻӦԶȶͨ˵ĸ֪Ҫöࡣ
ү
ʱһӳǽ´ڰУӰӰ´£ֻǽ¼Ӱ
ݣ
һݣܿӸ߸ߵĳǽ£ڰУӰҴӭȥơ
𣿡
忪ڵ
ˣʹ֮У߹ֵܳĵطˡҴּû⣬ʱھǱ
˺һ֣ĽʵϣӸϢڣ˶ܹĽ˸߹ƫƫĿǰܵĴ𰸡
ȥ
йâһûж˵һסˣѸٳŻʹȥ
ʹ֮УɭϣѲߵĽ˵ָ£Ӱ㣬һ·ع
ʵԶԶЩԵС˿⡣һ򣬾һȻʵΪ壬һЩ֣۸ߺһоͻȻͬ
ʹнһϵͳǣһȫ
ƻʹܹΪΣյ̶Ѩûԭ
һ·оգعǽ鵽߹ѺĵطѾԽԽ
үǰǡɭϣ£ºѽ뵽档
Ƶ
ʹ֮У¥۴αȣַǳӣƣһﲻϤˣºʧ
˵ͷȫϢѹΣѸٳȥ
ֻǽ֮ڿ˸߹Ѻĵط
ж֮ǰܹΣ߹Ѻĵطʲôӡִʱȴ˲סˡ
ȷ𣿡
ǰüͷ˲
ô
ɫҲ㵲ѡ
ǰۡӦǵƻͨ䱸ɭϣﰵﲻ֪˶ٸ֣Ǵʱ˿̳еۡȴһƬڰ˵ͭǽݰԻ͵ĵƻûУһƬڰһ¥
ⲻܣһֱҰʱﻹкܶ˽䱸κ˶޷׿ǾΪ±֣Բûеֽ۲졣
ʱͻȻڵɫ𶯡
ӵ֮ôĴ󻹴ûϷ
ѵҴطˣ
Ҳ̲סΪɽµ׷ٸ֣˶ԼţӲ׻Լǡǰʵںǻ㱨β̫
Ӧþ
Ԥϣйâһ΢һ˼⣬ܿն
йҩ㡣⣬ǲ˵ǰмͭ𣿾ˣ
ڰУǰżͭ
Щͭ˩׮
䣬ļգʹ֮УҲרŵרŹӦӡѵеƥȻͻ˩׮
е˩׮ȫ̫ڻʵе֮Уû˱̫ڻʵ۸ϲˡ̫ڻʵۻһƣϻʵۡ
˱Щ˩׮õĴˡ
ʹ֮е˩׮ÿһȻͬ˩׮ϵ·鱨л㱨һģһ
һѾǰ߹תˡ

ԷеĻҪÿ죬ͻὫ߹תλá
£߹ȻֱתƵһµĵط
ǰû뵽ġ
ݣ
˵һΣΪһ磬Ѹٽ뵽С
үȵǣ
һæ˽ȥ
ڣյģ²һѾȥ¥գܶҾ߶ˡ
ڸ߹ǲӰ
ˣ
忴ǰһУ΢΢üͷ
ĺۼȻǺܳףȻЩתƸ߹ʱ򣬾Ѿһп׵ˡ
үԲٸһλᣬһᾡҵ߹
ʱ˿̣ڿտӣҲ̲ס
ô˵˶֪Ҫٴҵ߹٣ϼѡ
֮ǰΪѰҸ߹ķ˴ʱ䣬ݺܶҵٴתƣҪڴ۸ӵĻʹٴҵ߹̸ף
ˣҲѾˡ
˰ֵȻʧҲ֪Ѿˡ
߹ϵش󣬴ӾȻҳﻮһУȻ̫ѱҵ
ˣǰ͵ˡ
˵ʱʱ죬˵ʱԶͻȻһ΢ϸɲ졣
һֹס˻ͷ棬Ҳע⵽飬׷ͣ
ǲ̫Сˣõôͣתط𣿶֮ǰѾʰˣȻҪǼһ飬˵ʲôʲôأ
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬ڰдڶ˵ƺ΢΢ЩԹ˵ʱ΢ĽŲҲҹɫУﻺƽ


1648 壡һ
ү
棬ƺоʲôʶ塣Ȼû˵ڣһѸٹסˡ
˵ǽ
һϤ˶δ䣬˷ĽУͬʱеϢ˼㡣
֨ѽ
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬űƿӰһǰһ˽һƬڣȴ·ֱߵߡһϵĴʯһܿ죬һİĻ⡣
ϸһ飬ЩСܹ߾ͳͳߣǧҪ˿⣬йŮɨһ£ߵģͳͳߡ
Уһһʰϵıʼܣһϸɨܵ
ţֻǿϧˣʱֵˡ
һһ˵ţһϸ鿴
ৣ
˵ʱʱ죬УһûȵڶӦһֻѩ޳͵һһĲӡ
һ촽һţ;ûһ飬ѾסȫѨͬһʱ䣬ƶҲͬѸסһ
еϢ˲ýޱȡ
شң
ƹһֻ˵Ĳӣ
ֻ˵˵ͷŷŻЩ΢ɿѨ
ҪͼУˣ֮ǰһѾˡ
㣬ʲôˣ
۾Ǿ֡
ⲻùĵģ߹ǹ
ʱһҹ£ֻһ˫۾¶棬һ˫۾ʲô
߹Ҳ֪˵ʲôҲ֪߹
һ˵ţһҡҡͷһһ֪ӡ
ߣֻ˵˸߹û˵ĸ߹ôű׸ⲻǴ˵𣿡
Ц
ߡյ̫Ҳ٣ƾһ߹ȷһλոߵĹԷôҡͷȻѾ֪˵˭
һ˵Ƶûд֮ǰصȷȷʵʵǸʿ
һ࣬ץеĽ˲ɫ䡣
Ҳû뵽һشͱץס©
꣡
ûж˵ָս죬ʱɫǺ죬¶ʹɫ
˵˵߹ѾתƵĵֻǷ£һŲ֪
ָ΢һЩԼ֪˵˳
үû˵ѡ
һֱʱͻȻڵ
˶׷ӵмߵ裬ѶϣҲͬˡɽУһƵģж϶Էٵİ취شʱ򣬲ѪҺǾǳƽû̫Ȼ˵һжʵġ
û˵ֻһһɾ̽뵽ԺСƬ֮һâ΢ɲص˵ͷ漴һ£µͬʱʧ档
Щ˶ĽǴߣʳǵں飬Ϳˡ
δ䣬ѾҲӰˡ

ʹǣ˵ܿҵ
ĵ
ǻʹУһǳҪĹִʱֻеƻͨ
Сĵ㣬£ߣ
ãÿĲҪ㣡
㣬㣡ˣ

ſڣһЩŮһЩ졢֮ĶһЩŮҴ˳еĹŮʹͷĿ⿴Ž£һսսС΢ӡ
ΧһŽ׵죬ڼɫغǳЩˡ
ԶĽ䱸ɭϣŰΧ
ȻЩϴŽף¶Ϣȴ֮ǰһģһȻЩҲνĽ٣ԭЩ
߹ҹ֮űǨȻܶණû׼׵
ҲżֻĬĬȴƬ̵ʱ䣬йŮȫ뿪ĵָܿƽ
ǵƻڣΧĽˮйͨ£Ҫ֮УǾܵġ
˵ֻҪҵ߹ڵλãɭϣҲһס
ݣ
ȵʱ࣬һݣƣӺڰе
μ죬ֻһ˸Ѿ˴ſڡ
ЩȻڵ˼ûС
ʲôˡ
ſڵļһոտڣһ̣һ飬ʲôҲ֪ˡ΢ΪҪԸЩֱ֣練ơ
ѸסЩĽǶԭһûκα仯һ㣬¾ֻˡ
һУûκͣһѸʧ˴档
̣ǰ붼ʹҴҽˡһ΢΢ӿʲôûзһ
ƹҫý̻Ի͡һ·ȥ˳ֵѸٵִ˴ĺġ
Ԥϣʹ䱸ɭϡͭǽڵȣԵ쳣İ
ǽϼ͵ȼţӳճһܣܵĲԶһ΢ֵӰԼĬĬһ
շǳİ͡
߹
ʯ䣬ԺһͷȻϵţԼ¶Ϣ΢ֵΣ͸ʿ߹һģһ
ڸ߹ʵ̫ˡʥʵôΪʲô⵽ɱдΪʲôû̫ܹɵؿ飿
һУֻи߹ܻش
߹
һ˵ţһѸٿ첽ǰȥ棬ڿĸ߹ƺҲĶ΢΢족ת
ˣ
һ̣ʱ·ֹˣھ߹ĵط嶸ͣ˽Ųǰġ߹˲ɫ
ֻǰǵӰȻӺ󷽿ʱΡƣͬϵƽ۶͸߹һģһףȴԲǸ߹ġ
үӵҴ㣬ǵܾˣ
Цİ׶壬˵һ˴㵲ѵĻһ˵ţһ߽е£ͬʱ˫۸߾٣ȥ
˼ǣֻǴ˴һ޹ء

ͬʱĵ⣬һϸ΢촫ʯ䣬治֪˶ٻѣͬʱһܼĽŲǿҵĻ⣬￿
ôĵӣȻҹʹ
˵ʱʱ죬һ͸һ˿Ϥڵͬʱ꣬𣬺ڰв֪ж֣׼ǵ
ЩαװΧġֱһ̣¶ݡ
һɲǣΧžǽϵƻȼûа졣
վڷһĶʱȥʱӦҲ׹
壡
һ壬ǳͷβ壡һУΪ˰յ
ҹ̽ʹΪسҹ̽ʹе԰첻֮۴췴ͬ


1649 Χ
үܲˣѾΧˮйͨ㻹ǹԹԳȥɣ
ʱ˿̣ǰαװɸʿͻȻڵĿЩ翴һֻһ㡣µսڴǰ
ΪӣΪҪδĴԣ
ⲻѰ·
¶ͬ顣ǧǱһʧӲˣ
û˵һɲǣɫѿޱȡ
̣
ȼգĵ⣬飬ΧǧƵĴڽΧսţڻʹ˵עƽһҹ
һۣǰףͯһڶĻš
һΣΪ˶Ը壬㳲Χˮйͨ
ߣһΣҿӣ
ȺǰЦСôˣʼĸ֮ҲϾ֮λвֻϧС΢ǶıҪץסİѱʵ̫ѡ
Դһֱûκΰ취
һβͬسһõȻҹʹͼı죬һ㣬㹻Լһоλ޴ңҲһ֮䣬˲٣ҷ
εòһ㣡
ͷҲص
Ҫϵϵʵ̫ˡԼĹ֮⣬Ҳû˿ˡ
㻹ѵǵñԽȥ𣿻ߣΪܵĻ𣿡
ӿǰĴ
ΧǧֻѣյһƬ͸ͬһ㡣ԶĵطУԽԽĽյϢô˿ţβѷɡ
ž
ΧҡҷһƬţΧ˶ڵȴĵǸ
֨ƣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ڴӺͶ˵ȵЩͷʱͻȻһ죬ĵĴŻ򿪡һֻƴŽɫѥӣŷ̤˳
˵ĿУһʮˣ˺ȥϵҹ£һۣ˳ĿǱ塣
ӰӺĶ¶һ˿Цݡ
жһ̲ɹҪۿ壬ܽ϶Ŵǰˮ壬˾ϵһ㡣
壬ʵ̫ʧˡտʼӵϢţû뵽㡣Ϊó͢س벻Ȼɳֲ֮٣
ӶŶ壬һʹļסӡ
Ŵһ仰˷Ŀ׷׾ۼĵǰǵӰϡ
û˵ĿѸɨȫΧΧˮйͨȺĻѣ֪յˡ
Ϊ찣һζߡ
岻֪˵ʲô
忪ڵɼ򶨡
һô˿ţڱǰ㻹ҪƱ𣿡
ǼЦ
ʲôڵľٶԵΪװͿɵӹҲ̫Сˡ
첻˵ʲôѷɡ
ˣҰץ֪ͨ͢˼빬۴¡ôȻ˲֮٣ضмҪı˾ϲ£Ļµͨͨץ
˵󣬴Ƴһ۶壬Ũɱ
ǧǱһʧԼţôõĻôֻԸһ
ڴƣΧ֪£˶ٲȻѾΪһӴĵɣֹҪ׽ײвҪһͬڣبϣڵͨͨ£һ򾡣
ûң⣬ûʲôܹв
ǣ£
ӵĻ˷ټʮɷ㣬׷ӿȥҪ׽ô塣Ȼû˿ͻȻһ
һ£Ҫץˣ岢ԣֻһ䣬ҹĵʹҲҪ˾𣿡
忪ڵȫһ׽еˡ
ҹĵʹ壬ֵز㻹ҪƱ𣿡
ԼǰװͿŭЦ
Լǰ̫߿ˣҹĵʹֽڣΪãǴشˡ
壬ΪΪˣһҹ¡ߣΪѵҹ¾ô˿ţ֤ȷ䣬Ϊõ𣿡
˵һ룬Ȼһ£ոյõϢһҹǱ뵽˻ʹУĲ˵ƾһ㣬Ϳˡүоɺͳ
ֻǴѳ֮һֻ£һʱ֮䷴ûע⵽Ѿϵҹ£һ
ò˵ȷʵЩ㵣Ϊһҹ¾ܹƽ£ǿ̫ˡ
ˣҰ£㻹ʲôȥ˵ɣ
ЦһΣٲԥ׷׳廢˶ȥ
˵ʱʱ죬ۿҪеĽߣ֮СֻҪͻݻһϯʦƵ𵴺ͷ粨
Ȼʱһ˭Ҳ벻ͻȻ

ʵһ󼱴ҴҵĽŲǰʼû⣬һ̣ԶڳԼΪ׵ˣӶıɫ
࣡
û뵽ʱϵĹԶô̵ʱ䣬ҪϵܣһɲǣƤоһ˿ԡ
УǴûԤϵˡ
һֺֹ̣ǴӣĻףͯԼǵӰԱɫ
࣬ҹɫ㲻Ĺдţʲô
ɫһ䣬Զ߽࣬غǳ
ν縸ֻ䣬仰ڻʹ֮ҲͬˡΪ֣ȨƻǵλӶ̫ˣ˵ڻ
֣ˣ
ǰǰ࣬˴ɫӣضη֣һ̵࿴ȴƽȻ̬ͬӵĺǳ⣬Ҳû˿ݡ
ĵ£רΪġ
ͦżɽ
ǣУʵ룬ǲʲôᣬڹȫӦʵܵԼֻǶ̸һʱ죬˳ʱ䣬Բţĵһҹ
ˣ
һ仰ֳ䣬ԼΧ˷׷ױɫڴǵӰҲͻȻ֮ʧȥĴݡ
ӻҹʱѾˣû뵽ǣӾȻ˵һж˼
˵Ϊ빬һʱ˳ʱڹһҹ£ֹ죬ҹǱʹȫ¡


1650 棡
쵰
ɫ䣬һ˫£кݺݵսƱϣһĿɱˣѾǧٻˡ
֪࣬˵ʲô𣿡
ӽҧÿһ֣Ǵݷĳġ
ڴӵӡУһֱηηģֻųغܣαװӵѵӪУЩƽӵܻһȻԸı˲٣˷ŪΡ
˵ף˳ܵԸֻᱻ
һβͬȻҵڶײԼ
ֻ֣Ǿ£֪ﲻף
̧ͷŶĴӵ
ãܺãʲôף
Ӻ
㣬˵빬ģһһҵĻӣȣϽеĻӹᳯеسᵳӪ˽㲻᲻֪ɣôڣܣٻش𡣡
ǣ֣Ǵ̿ڶסĽ˺üδɱֻЩСֶ֮βЩһֱûеְˡ
ӵĿȴǶǰĴӣ⣺
书ټѧ㼼հصؽ빬Уϰ书֣ӦûʲôԽĵطɡ
಻ڴǰû˿ηӡã¶һâ
ӵĻΧ˵ɫѱѿޱȡⷬɳӰ˵ķ֮ǰ̵£Ҳͬ˴ۣеĴ̿ͼһ򾡡
ⷬ˵Ǽиɻ水˵ֻ½ҪԸ壬ˡ
֣ҲҶ֪д𷣣
˵ţһȻ㲻˵
Χžû˸ʱ졣λ֮ԣ˭
һ࣬Ӷǰ࣬бò
ˣ
úеȫͬǰܵ˵𷣡ֻ಻˵仰Խ˷ѣٿԸһѵûĶˡ
ȻҪԸǰҲܵǰδев
ãܺã
һ侲ֻеŭⷴԽǿˡ
ͨͨȥ
һͻȻڵ鲻ɡͻһƬ㵣ʱû˸Υ
ǣ
ֻһӦһ̣ΧȺͻˮȥ
ܣ㲻Ҫ𣿸
͵Ųûпһۣǰĵȥ
һ࣬΢΢һ˿ȴû˿˼΢һڴ󣬽뵽ǰĵ
飡
ŴŹرգĵһƬţڰͬһ㣬û֪λӽ˵ЩʲôЩʲôÿ˶ܴиоһɽŵζ
һ࣬ĵΧõӵж˷׷ȥ
ǰȻˣֺαôҴҵߣҲ˵һɡ
һӰת׼뿪ʱͻȻһֻ岽ĴݣǺЦ˹ȥ
ͬʱǰ΢Ҳͣ½ŲתȻ΢ףȴͦ׳˶ͬһǿĲһ㣬ǹǺˣ
Ƕ˿
˰֣ͻȻڵһ˵ţһ˶壬¶һ˿Цݣ
ȷʵҲúúһġ

ĵ𾲾ȼգȴǽޱȡӴرյһûڳ˺ȥɴ֮ͬˮһ㣬עκε顣
Ĭ
ֳĬͼžȴѹ֡
ܣĳˣѾԿʼΪλˣ
΢۾Ŷ࣬
಻֪˵ʲô
൭ȴû˿Ļرܡ
ߣװˣûˣֻʣҶˣ㻹ҪΪǰװհɵ𣿡
ЦǼ
ǣ֣λڻӸƾ£Ŭȡ֮λֿ࡭ȻҲλڻ֣ǸͷΪ̫ˣ𣿡
൭ȻһЦ
ôĵӣ
仰纮˪ʱȻɫ
ǣⲻǻ˵𣿡
̧ͷû˿η壺
ҲλֻϧǱңͣرң˵ģΪӣһӶǻӣԶǻλǱھߺвߣһֱڱңɱңҶ㵽ѵӪЩ̿ҲӰΣҧš
Ȼ綼˵Щ̿ɵģʵɳЩ̿͵ˣ㡣ʼգɱҵˣһֱ㡣𣬴֣
໺ڵ
һ˵ôɫ䣬һӳĬ˲١
Ȼѹûᵱ˵ⷬ
˭ģ
ͻȻڵ
ߣһֱֻ֪û˵ѡ֣һʱòһã治úФ

ڴˣһĻض𶯲ѣˣıˡ¼һμεһλһЩ飬Ҳ̥ǵϴͱ仯
ãƽ
߳˸һףҪأҪѱ׷ɱˣֻԼȥȡ
ߣСˣ
ֻⷬԽᶨеĳЩڵңֻҪǻӱעԼвһȻֻἤиǿҵɱѡ
Ȼ㶼֪ˣҲò㣬ЩȷʵɵģǣҪˣΪᣬȴ꣡
ĿɱһˣλӶûκڣµĶֻǳɱ

ͬʱĵ⣬һ࣬һһٵӰͬţŹҲ壬˼֣ȴֱһ̲档
ԣģһͿˣ
ܾĵģԤϣȴƳĬģȻǶĹ
ǣ
嵭ȻһЦûзϣ
ôôǰ¶أ
ƻȻֻΪ֮СѣϷҲû¶̫ǴʲôʱʼԵģ
΢紵޷˿ǰ˵
ǣһʼҾûŹ
Ц
ƻ̫ˣҲôöûи߹ϢȴһӾͳôȻͺҵŬԼҵǹŮǽľһ©ô㲻µĺۼ̫ЩǰһҪʲôӣſôԵأ
ȣңϣԷ糾ڴˣضǳ𾪡һֱΪԼ˴òײŴһЩ˿ҵЩû뵽ĻȻǱǰĹˡ
ǷѾţ֮ҵȫǰλǵġ
ǰʶƣֻѾӵˡ
ǣⰡ벻֮󣬴Ƶһ棬Ȼò˵ϷЩСˡΪ󣬼Ȼ֪ΪգʱǸ𣿡
ǰ壬ЦЦΪֵˣɲ֮٣


1651 
ǣôأ
嵭
Ӻ֮ǰʼѾоԾˡӵǰȫͬ߷·һıʿ¼˵ĸоԽˡ
ֹˣϸ룬Ȼ֮ҷʱԼ⣬ܶ鲢˽⣬˱ɱĶˣƺһҪĻţͬ
ʼնûκϢ
ΪԼܶ鶼֮ı䣬ǴǸڴߣ֮Ʋ¾һյԪףһٴγˡ
뻢Ѩɵûӣ
ӶԷļж˷ǳðͷ֪֪ˣսҪֹԷȾ͵֪ԼĶ־˭
ԶԷһĽԼԳ֣öԷҲյԭ
Ӹո߳ǵʼעͲڴӵϡʼģվڴ󣬺֮뼫ߡ
ǰߣ΢΢Щ߰⣬ͷںڵķ˿壬¶һ߽Ȼͬ
һһһֺĸоȻȻɢһֹʣһ㣬ʦеĹ嶼Ա⡣ΪЩ˶ֻھֹ֮¶ȴǹʳĹ
ΪˣҲǼʶ㣬ǰδһ¾ȵ硣
ӦǼ֮ѳζѰм䣬ҲǰԵϺŵˡ
˵ʲôôƾðһˣﰴӦ֪Ŷԣ
д˷ȴû˿¶
һ࣬ȴ֪ж̶ʱڲôͷ
˵ʱԭһֱ͸һ˿Ц⣬Ļʱ΢أϵЦʧøɸɾ
Ҳû뵽һУȻΪ˸߹Ϊ
ҵ͹ˣ
֮ǰȻͬ
ԭֻ׼óֵԸ㣬Ӧߵˡ
𣿡
ԲЦǰλ治һţ
ԼֻĻƾʲôҾǾȫأ
һ·Ķ֣ƺÿһ˶Լʮ㡣
ֻЩͳͳԼС
ǻۺıϣ廹Ӳηκζ֡
һ࣬ͫ΢ؿһǰ壬֮ǰȻͬ
һɲǼ䣬ΧͻȻĿԣ˭Ҳû˵
֮ĵһν֣ôһֻȼ䣬ʵ֮Ļ̽
ʣ廹ǹȻӶԷϸоһɷâ¶õ־
֪ձԽĽš
֪Ҫʲô㲻ɹģ
֪˶ãͻȻڵȴ˼žʧȥ֮ǰαװ˿ʼֱ롣ǰˣı˵֮ңվǰףôǰˣǶĻԪס
һĻԼա֣Զ֪ݡ
ĩĶңƳͼΣ˽յİһжף˵һ޴ĺƽټ١κƻ֮׵һС
Ŀġ
𣿡
仰Ц
ˣ־Զȷʵֵ壬ֻϧʢԼƾڵ»˵㡣
Ȼһ˿Цݣ۾ȴޱȡȻٷĺ˻ģûвηġ
ڹȴо˿η壬˵֪սλصĹҲ⡣
ϣȻȻ¶һǿҵİ⣬һִӹɢšƺκζֶԺᲢۡ
ǣлǰѣΪ𣬾ḻһȷʵ޷⣬ǰҲӦһ仰ǰˣһ˸һǿ̫ԸˣɲǺ¡
嵭
仰ڳĬȻϵķâһʼûϵġϸǰ壬Ŀбò˭Ҳ֪Щʲô
ˣϷɡ
ͻȻڵ
Թףղֵ֧ӣֵ֧Ǵӣǿ󣬵Ͼ֮λģӣֵ֧Ĵӣ
ԣ
кһ
ֻıһϷݣϷδ̫ˣʧܵһҪΪ˸Ĵۡ
ҲϷ˵ġ
ԴЦԥ
ЦէȴֺܿͣЪ
ĿԣٴΰȴκʱҪӽ˸εɱ
忴ǰߣû˱ףǰߵóѣĴƾʦʲôӡ
һǧεıݣȲһγ͢Ķ
ˣˣ
Σ۸ʲôĴۣ嶼Ǹɳִ治ı֮¡
֨ƣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬֮â¶ԽŵʱһŴ򿪵ԶǵյĴŶȻ֮򿪣棬ɫȴ˳
ɫ䣬ͬ˳
һ˲䣬Ťͷһ˹ȥ
ߣ
ûȵڣɫһ˦ֱŶķȥ󣬹ֻǵȻһЦ
ǻġ
˵䣬Ƴһ۲Զ࣬ڴӵȥȻתͬʱ۰ڶڹмһ
һĻߵ඼ûע⵽ȴǶһ±ɫֻһ˲䣬ͻָû˿ı¶
£
ˣŲܿ쳯˹ȥ
ôҪɣ
Կóڵܲ״صӡǵȻ֪˵ʲôԴӵ磬Ҳ֪Բʲô¡
ӵԸܴĻߵ̨ǰӦԼǸˣһֱ߽ǵȥԼĴ֣Ҫôġ
ʵϣǰԱԼǿƵĴ֣֮⣬嶼е൱ľȡ
ʣѾĳֲһı仯
һãصġǱߣʲôϢ𣿡
ӽԼһʴܿ顣
ӵĶѾԽԽƵҲԽԽԣԵģӵĴҲԽԽѣܵѹҲԽԽ
һôӳɹڹֻû֮أҲܹħһǰᡣ
Ф¼֮Ѿٴа˿ҡ
һнչ˳ѾõҪĶȻû֪߹䣬Ǵӽһȷ߹ʱĽҲûΣա
˵£һ
δȾһҶ֪⡱ڴ˵޷ȫòȻԴӰ߰ߵС֮УϢ
һλʹ֮Ȼûм߹Ƕ˵ѾõԼҪϢˡ
ǾͺãֻҪ߹û£Ǿ˵һлûߵһ
ԣһԷࡣ
Ǿ͸õλˡʲôˡ
һ˿Ĺâ
һ࣬ҲԲһ¡


1652 ˣ
ʵϣڴǸߣҲ൱ĺ棬ܹƵֵز֣ضԴԲǷ֮
ضͷ
߰ɣ뿪˵

ͬʱһ࣬ǵԶһطǰ˵ĴͻȻͣ
飬ȫ˵ˣô˵
ӱŹͻȻڵ͸һ˿ŭһζԸ壬յУһУΪԸһ׻֡ڿжʧˡ
ųһʧļƻȻһʼͱʶˡ
º
ԤϣԣֻǵȻһЦ˿Ϊ
㣡
Ļɫһͣʱһ仰˵Ȼ˵ˡ
Ǹ˶Ȼҵ涥ײң˵ҪͱλǺôĵӣ
ŭɶ
ǺǣⲻǺ𣿡
ȻһЦ
ӲǺǰһηηôȥԸϾФһɶ𣿡
ԣɫһε飬ĵһӦŭɶȻϸ˼Ļûеһŭ࣬һҪλ࣬ȻȡܶжֻҪʼжȻͻΪá
һ˵ȷʵǼ¡
˼Ǽˣ˼ʱ˵ˡ
ôһŪʱǰæˣô󶯸ɸ꣬ȴ񣿡
ʼЩ
ôһ񣿡
ƺϵӻдһʣ룬֮䣬˲Ϣһ˿˿ǵĹâ
µЩնȻǿԸģڹĿôܷЩ۵͸ݽϵʹڵĽ̫ࡢŮȫһ飬Ӧò԰ڹеĶĿˡ
Щ˲һһĶĿ֮Уôܼжһ˵ôǺأ
仰˶סˡͷĹֻĿ磬ЦЦȻеһУԤϡ
ԭ׼
ӳһ˲׹һΧжֻΪܿ䣬ȫĶ֡ڿеһвûгƿء
Ȼˣһж㴦ɣ
仰ܿ뿪ࡣ
ͬʱһ࣬һһֻŸܿ𡣶ǽ⣬һֱֻȸܿӵŸ롣
ȸүô˵
һվȸ󣬿ʵ
ү˵ǽе̽ӣٶȾ쳷Ƶߣ뿪ʹû⣬Ǳߺܿͻȡжڹе̽ӡ
ȸһ仰˵꣬һ˫üȻһʼûԤϵġǶľûκ˻ɡ
еżպãܿͨȸȥҲ֮

ʱһζеⳡȻֵͦ󣬾Ľڹǽ֮ȴûо
Ŵ֮Ҳܿͻص
һжԤϵһǼ֮󣬹кܿչһϴжеһУѾǰ׼Բû̫Ĳ
ҺȻ֪ȴҲû̫õİ취ԸǣϾվŵӺ̫
ǱϺԷ糾еСС鷳
ʵ֤ڹø֥˳ԿģǷ֮
֪ôģõϢɾͽԼƲøɸɾûκεǱҲûܲ鵽Լϵ
еֶΣ嶼ѡ
Է糾Ϊͳ죬һǸ߽ͳ֮һ˹֮սĹǴӣûԵ֤ݣҲ֡
֮£Ļһ顣
鷿һ̴ľΣ˫΢գɫƽԺȴǴ˷
֮У͹֮еķ棬εΣκһϸڶĸԺ
û˿ƾðûǼ֮
Ժͷ
ǰǽ֮ұĸֶһصĴڡһڰ㣬֮ǰ֮Һ󣬶ûκ֪
ĴںʧҲͬˡ
֪֪˷ܰսʤһУȫ¶ԷӦѾռ÷ǳϸߣǸһ֪
аǱ֮
ʯ䣬ԺйâһͻȻ˹ת뿪ʱ۶¶һö塣
һö˴೤Ĺ͹ӣʾӨ͸Եȴ΢΢һ˿ɫȻͷĹŻеġ
ȻĻֻöһЩκ֡
ھʦеĹ塢ҼѾΪһϰߡЩСҵӵܶһЩ壬˿䡣
ңֶϤǾʦЩĹң֮ȣҲҪѷɫࡣ
ֹ񣬾ͨеġ
ˣ
֪˶ãһ´
ҰѾʦУͣʮϵʦȫǣҪҲһ
δ䣬ͻȻץʼϵëʣѸ̯һֽߣԺöֽϻ˳Ȼָᵯ˳ȥ
ȥɡ
ǣү
һùŻֽܿת뿪ܿ죬öĻֽھʦʦдȻԤϣôʦȴûκһʦ֪ö
յϢҲüͷд㵲ѡ
ĵͣٵʱ򣬼֮һֳֳꪣͻȻҴҳĴС
ˣүˣ
һ֣ͷ­ʹϥڵϣ
ոյϢ͢ǱͻȻͨһ飬󶼻֥ͬǧⳣȼλ뾩ʦѡɳָ͢ɣ
ʲô
У屾һߺŲ裬һ߲鿴ϵż㣬仰͵̧ͷ˻رɫ
ͻȻ
̫ͻȻˣ
֥ذƿŻһ㣬ʮûбڵ۹İͼҲӵоصĵλ
ڸ֥£򾮾ٸΪ֮أ֥ҲŴλ˴ʳֱӻӵ̽
İ֥Ҫá
ʥһҲû֥㾡һӴľе⣬ȫ֧֡
û뵽͢Ȼʱó֥λս񳷳ء
λڼ֮صĴʳ۹ԴƵ۹һֱϴε˹֮սͺɺ֮սȻսʤɱ˰ڵĴʳʳΪ֮
ǶҰѱӹͳűŰɱ¾ĵ۹˵һεսܣ޷׵ĳ
۹ĴͳʹʧٴҲܹڶݵ֮ѵһ֧Ӵģսľӡ
û˸֥һʳ£ֽ֮Ϳ̿Σգ


1653 ¼
ʲôʱ飡
ǿѹе𶯣ŵµĽڵ
ǽʽģȴǰѾ˰û⣬֥󽫾Ѿǰʦ·ϣʱ
µĽ
ʦעƽ󶼻漰۹󽫾ĵС¡³֮⣬Ĵ󽫾Ѿʮûеˡ
Ǳ֮ҵʱҲûѼĴ󽫾վûгɹ
һβһ󶼻֥Ϊ׸뿪ԼפصĴ󶼻󽫾һҲζ󶼻Ĵ󽫾ͬԲó
һ漰ֲľµôһоͽȫͬ
֥ĵѸʦע⣬̶ʱڴϢ¶
ɴǩͨҼӸʥġ
Ȼĵ۹Ĵ󽫾ʮ궼ûжҶϰΪǵλԶ׵Ҳ·ԡΪټʥʵȫԵ֥
Ҵӵ֥ҲѰĲó
Աս£ƸΪɣ֥ؾʦϴε˹֮ս֥ºպսѼӷһƷӳû֥׼ø֥Ӿʦ
⣬֥ΰ󶼻ʱʥʼӷΪִ󽫾صʦµִ󽫾˳ʵ
ڱϣ΢΢һϢоþƽ
ȡ֥󶼻˭𣿡
ۣͻȻڵ
䰲µѾ䷢䰲ܿҪִﰲˣ
£µ˾ۼһ𣬳Ԫǰһ
䰲
֣΢΢üͷڴеķŽУ䰲ķŽ֮һ
ȻʵȲϸ֥Ҳﵽ׼۷ļ𣬾ǴĴ֮һ
֪Ϣ츳սñʱ򣬻ǰ˼˳ߣһͬᱱͥ󶼻λá
ֻϧ򫻹һУ˰˼˳ˣھҲкܴ
ȻģԶֹΪ˭ףλ䰲򫻹ǴĲ֮һںܾ֮ǰѾЧҴˡ
¸֥ԼĲ»򫣬һһȥӾַͨʽ۹ĶԼС
۹󶼻ÿһϵش˹עţǰӼ뷨Ҳй˼ɣôڡû־η͹˼ˡ
ڿʼ𣿡
ϣЩ鱨
ɽ¥Ǵ¼ľ±仯һɲǣʲôûзȴŵһɷ籩ٵζ
һָоһлֻǿʼһлԶûн
ƺǻӦĲ²⣬ڴ󶼻֥ĵ֮һɫ°Ľ̫࣬һʥּŲ磬̤
ּ
ˣԻϵԽΪ⣬ٴηʷ͢Ⱥٹ飬ǴΪԽʹǰ¡ԽöĹ޷£ң书£湤ͼƷְ֮汸Ǵ²ѡʼӷΪƷԽʹ̶泯͢ǣȫ£ԽԽ֮Σ
ּɣ
ǽ̫ѩüޣһ˵ţһ˦һеķƳһǰ
ּ
ǰ̫ܿнӹʥּ
ү͢˼ϣүܹ֮ڶүҪ̫飡
ּ̫˵գܿˡ
ȴ֮һƬһɲǼ䣬ǡȸԪ˵Ŀ׷׼е壬˵Ƿʥּ棬һɫޱȡ
֥Ÿոտʼ˭Ҳû뵽͢ôͶүˡ
үȥԲȥ֮ⲻھƣ
Ҫɽү׵ĵʦûүʦûܶԿ˴ˣ
Խ֮ң͢ȥʷҲһˡȥϣûһأүͻزҪү׵ϡ
ӶԸүԲַүζԸ

´ȴ½͡Զĺܶٶ䱳ͼҲ̫һΣһλ۹Եפأֽ뾩ʦǶоһŨŨıζ
˿־Ļһϵٶ󣬻ʹλ͸¶ζһɽѹ︲ѹû⣬ʹеλ¾Ҫ
û˸ҰɵĴ˵ֻһ룬Ѿ˸еˡ
ѹǳݣÿ˶ָоһʱ䣬½۹ƽҲѵʱ嶼뿪˾ʦû˸񣬽ʲôӡ
ﾲģվڴſڣǾʥּйâһ̣˭Ҳ֪Щʲô
֪ˣ飬ţ
֪˶ãͻȻڵıüᶨ
ֻһŸ裬Ķų򣬽Ļظ֮С
£ոյĻظ˵΢ϵϵشҪ˼ȫЩ׼·
Ƭ֮һŸ룬Ҵң첽˹֮С
վϷԶһĺ󷽣һۣ֮С
յϢ˻࿴һۣƺһҲ⡣
壬ȻϡҪɽʦûôס
ȻһеëһͶǰѩֽϡ
ǺǣȻԤϣֺαصġڵĻش𣬲Ԥ֮𣿶ȥ벻ȥνȵԽ֮س£ٴηңֱԿּӳ͢Ϊɣ¾ˡ
ͷĿеƿ
ıСııǹġı벻ȥҲɲ
ǰ¼Ӳò壬ȴֲԸʵְԾͷһͼƷС˭ϵԽ¼ȴ˶Ըõķ
̫СĽˣû󣬸˰ѱǶıӦ䣬ӺüμƲ߶ƻҪԸʵ̫̫ѡ
޷ôõİ취ǽ׵ĵ뾩ʦ۹Ȩġͺʧһһûλܴʲô£Ҫ׺ܶࡣ
ǲ
ϣĿתһβù֧УбƲߣ
ȻҪԸǾԼӰѻףͯҼǵϸʹѲǰͶЧ˹ȥԽִֵ֮ԽԽáʱҿδã
ǣ
ףͯһܿͷӦȥ


1654 ϵϢ

ֻƬ֮һֻŸĸۡ
үǴӵš
ȸŸ룬ȡ°ȣֻƳһı־ҴҵĽڣСõϢѾ£
ϵ£ϵش͢뿪ôʦĸֶɼӰ졣֮˶ڵų͢Ļظ
ǿɡ
ż㣬ֻǿһۣüͷһ£ʲôҲû˵żݸһԵǵˡ
һżܿתһ飬еݣһ仰˵
ԭΪԴӵԸ񣬱ضͬ󡣻߻뾡ְ취ߴ·
ǳԤϣӷ治ûдߴ٣׼󣬶һԴǿУ״ȫǺż
ȻżĩβҲ˳ᵽϵϵʮԽˣԼ͢ȶܵĻϣܹ£Ҫϵ̫á
⣬ᵽǳ͢Ķ֮ţ֮ʣϣܹΪ͢ǡ
⡭үӵĴ̫͡ǰоȫͬ£ֻթ
һģǷż㣬˼ãڿڵ͸һ˿ǡ
ʲôˣ¼ͱ¼̹͵ˣ¼оͲôŭףŴˡ
˵Ϊ˶ԸӣλֱӺ˹Ժյһλֶ֮ɼһߡ
ʱϸһ̬ʵ̫Ѱ
үֻһ顣Ǳֻ¿ܻԽ֮ķʱҪ£ֻ´Ǳ߻ԴΪɣֵүϡүȥȥֻ¶Ա뱻֮С
ʱһǳãͻȻ̧ͷڵһ仰õ˷׷ױɫ
վãʶ͢ĸӿҲʶӵĸ磬Ҳյ°ɣкܶ¼Ҳܲ³һЩˡ
Ǵϵüͷ΢΢һЩ⡣ǵⷭƶϼǲıϡ
ǿܣǴһô
嵭һ仰ǵĲ²һ󾪺
үô죿ȥǲȥǲȥӵУ
ȸ̧ͷĿǵǡ
ʱĹȥһЩϢʵ
ߵλıʿšţ˶һ֪˴˵ļ룬ӵ·Ըıࡣ
ּƲߣݴǽˣ뼫ȵı֮УǰĴ벻ġ
ؼǣ׸Ӧԡ
û˸뿪ʦǰϣһأ۹ڴӵĿ£ʲôӡ
ʱȸҲϸϵϣѾã̫ӡôྫܳḻĹ϶ûܽ⣬̶ʱܹ׽ġ
˵廹һ佫
Ǳߣ˳һֵ⡣
һƬž˷׷壬ȴĻش
üͷĿ˼һ˭Ҳ֪Щʲô
ʱû˸ȥţ˶ĬĬȴš
зִ磡
֪˶ãڿڵ
ҵƽҹϡ
һ˵ţһߴժ´ԼݵƵ˹ȥ
һĻ˴Ԥϣסˡ
⡭үϵҡҵ㣡
ûϵȻҪԼȥϵ顣ôĳ͢󳼶ˣаտԽ
ϵš
嵭
㵽ҵķԸ¾Ϳˡ
ǣ
ԭлЩûףⷬҲüᶨʲôʱ򣬲ʲô飬ϵǰδӴֻҪǱţ˼ƻη塣
ϵѾãϿΪԽӣʵΪػֲ⡣ҲһжǱֻα겻αȻ޷Բܳ͢ɶܳĳȥ޷
ӭ˵Ŀ⣬建ڵ
ҪԽ⣬ʵܼ򵥡
ͻȻһָ̨պպīȻѩ׵ֽд֡
ʳ
˷׷׿ȥֽϵ֣еüͷ壬е˼ͬ
ֲģ׻Ϊʳĳͻһ㣬ôأԽ⡣ҲΪʲôɶٴ󳼣ô㣬޷Խ⡣
ȥϣն࣬һдȨһᰲĽǱߣʹʳԽ֮أ㵽ʱǢԽѧϰֲӽˮʳȻ̫ƽ
һɲ帺ֶĿޱȡ
Ӱþõ˵һʮ飬ԭΪѽһΪ򣬽ϵһֱּ׵ķʽչʾǰ
һɲǣ
ϣһֱܹ衣ѵ⣬а취ҴĿǰϵȻǴ壬ڿ֮⣬Ҳû
ûж˵ƣҹ̣ҹϡĽڽֺǱҲ֮ӽˮ֮ϡ
ϰԽ⣬ʵǰҲ⵽ǸʱӽˮŸոտʼģҲһж졣һ·ĻۣڣʱѾ죬ǽϵʱ
ʱ仺ȥĳЩȾ£ϵԼʹ£ֵϣʦУ˾֪Ǵȴһ㶼ż
岻ȥҲŴߡ
ֻΧϵԼԽ飬˽ѾӿÿնУ֪жŸҹ̣ϡ
ôѲǱ߻ûϢ𣿸ֻҪܹԽ֮ڶԴӦδΪʷߪΪϴʷ
УӰУŵµףͯ

˵ʱʱ죬ʱһֳֳꪣϵļƬУ˽
£ѲŴţ
ʲô
仰һֵ
˵ܲٲܲٵѲȻûп㣡ֻҪ⵹壬㣡
ӹЦĿڴޱȡ
ϵ飬м¾㱸ֻǷ硣ֻҪѲһţܰţó͢ϵڳϣһ塣
Ҳܼ˽ǿƷϣԽ⣬ù龩
һͣҲġ

û˿ԥȲĴż㣬ҴѰżУҪЩϢ
ȻֻƬ̣еļڴѸȴһѿޱȡ


1655 £
⣬⡭ôܣ
ҧгݣ͸ղŽȻͬ
£ôˣ
ףͯɫ㵣̲סڵ
ϵѲϣӦʮþȣ˵嵽ڻھʦûжǲ֪ΪʲôյѲź󣬴ӱһվһȫ֪ʲôףͯеǲ

ףͯ䣬âһһֽŵɳɳеżƮ˹ףͯʶĽӹֻǿһۣʱ˵ˡ
ô飬Ȼ׼
ףͯ֪Ϊʲôɫôѿˡ
ѲǱȷʵմӵķԸ취˰Խ֮ĳͻΨһûϵǣѲôʱͻȻһ֣ʻ˰Խ֮أһ˴ʳԽ֮ĳͻ
Խ֮䱾ΪزʳȱĳͻʯƵʳʹ˫ɸΪ񲯡ֹˣնԷ˵ʯƵʳֻǵһиʳԽ֮ء
ȻǴӺѲҪģѲõϢһӦҪȥֹǣֻѲ㵵ǣԷȻóƣʹѸԽ
ѲȻϸʹǺȣвٵĲࡣͷѲҲòη֡
ֹˣڽϲãԷ˴ֲĸ֣߻Խֲȡڶ̶ʱڣƾŶʩǱ߻˴Խ˵ĳ
⣬Ǳ߶԰Խ»֣Ժؽ͹𽭽紦ΪģϷΪ㶫롰ԽϸأԵ֡
ϢԽǱ߾Ȼû˿飬һ㣬ͽԽ֮ìࡣ
⡭
һ㣬ףͯסˣ̾һþ˵
ϵԽ⣬ȾϸǸᣬ˿ԽͨʳģʱϵΪ㶫͡нԽڲìתΪ㶫ìܵơ
úؽ͹ػ֣ǰصìܻΣֻһ֣͸ޱȡ
ֳܹʮ϶Ļϣԭ򻮷֣һ̶ȵɽΪֽߵĻַʽ֮ǰδ֡
彫ϵΪ㶫͡һֿƼ򵥣ȴ˵ѣҲκ˶Ͷ졣
ϧˣȴƫƫҪʹԣ
ףͯ̾Ϣѡ
쵰ôģ
֮УصŴӵŭ


Ҳڶ֮յϢͬʱһֻŸԾǧɽˮܿ뵽
ϵϢЦ
ڣԽԽˣ
΢Ц
ִȷʵǿǰٷְٵִСϣסԽҲʹ˳Ľˡ㶫͡ԽΪĵ򻮷ַʽ
㶫͡ϵĻַʽǸʱǶ꣬ڵĴ˵ȻǱȽġ
һػֺҲһɣ


ʱţһж̤죬ǱһжõķչķչԶȫԤڵķС
֮󣬵֮в鿴ϼĻ㱨żʱû˿ףһԺͬһʱ䣬֮ʯڶ
棬¼ؼＴ֮ʧܵļٷ֮ʮ
Ȼһż϶̧ͷ
̫ͻȻˣ
һƽȫ֪ʲôҹؼ˭ǹؼ
֮ʯʾʲô˼
д˷
ʱڵ㣬κκ֮йص鶼ļע⡣˵֮ʯ֣صľ档ң֪֮ܲʯ˵Ĺؼ˭ǴĹ֮ʯԲ޵ķʸ
һжоǿҵĲ
Ȼûףһ̣գһ󼱴ҴҵĽŲԺ
ãˣ
˵ʱʱ죬һĴ⣬һϤӰҴҵķɱ
¬ˣ
ǵӰһվ
ôˣ
ǵӵҴұӰ۴䣬ţһֱʫ飬ѧŵĸоܾû¬֮͢¬ѧʿǺͬ忴ȥʱֻɫɢңȫûźʹݡ
һɲǼ䣬ƤͻȻַǳõĸо
ˣ̣ڻڻ֮У
¬֮͢ɫ̼
ʲô
仰ʯ䣬ͺһ£һһ󾪼£ɫˡ
ܣ
еһо
֮ʯʾʱʲôΨû뵽¡
Ȼɽ¶ˮʵ߾ȫ͸֥Ҳѷɫôܻ¡
ǵ忴¬֮͢Ų԰׵ӣ˲Ϣ䣬һĶʱȥ

ꤣƬ֮ʻ
⵽ô£
¬֮͢ȴǽޱȡ
۹˵ӵоصĵλ۹Ķ֧Ϊ۹ٳʮأڵ۹ʢıĥĹ͡
۹ûв֪ģ³˼˳溲Щ۹Ĵ󶼻ҲǼء
Ϊ󶼻ſ԰ǡ
£۹;˵ɽѰľ䡣
ǵڻûеյϢʱѾ赹ˣϸѯʹֻ֪ڳ֮ǰȥһˣʱ򣬾ѾжˡǾû֪
¬֮͢˵£ڶ𺳲ѡʶʮ꣬ӺܾǰѾγô飬¬֮͢ʼϲ
ôܣѵϹܼҶ֪𣿡
ʵ
ϹܼҺϣϲ뽹䣬˵һ֪һ飬ǿҲֻϹܼˡ
£Ϲܼڱ˭ҴӻظڣϹܼҾһֱػĴ齱ߣһ˭ҲشϹܼߵˣҴС¶Ĵֻ±κһ˶Ҫ󡣡
¬֮̾͢Ϣ
γûѯϹܼңϹܼڵľ״̬Ϳ˿ڡ
һƬţ¬֮͢Ļ廹¬֮͢˳Ĭ
˶һϵ£˵Ǽĳ
ꤣһ·ԣƬ֮˺ִֻܿ⣬ͣ
ֻѹ֣˽һš


1656 ֣
ϢѾھʦܶ󳼶ˡ
¬֮͢һԵһ˵һߺȥ
ү
ү

һ·Ͽˣر¬֮͢Աߵ壬˷׷׹ɫޱȡ
ڵ죬ʦûв𾴺;ηġ
һһӦֻ΢΢ףȻ¬֮͢һ·뵽
еһͷܶվһҽΧվѾŮ϶ˮëĿ⿴һǽ
ڷ룬ڿ
촽ϣ˫գ˵Ϣ·вһ㣬ʱϨ𣬿ǳ
һĻһĶʱ
Уһֱΰͬɽһ㣬ƺܶѣѹ޷塣۹ֻҪڣһ֧̫ӡ
Ǵϵȴӡеȫͬɫ˥ܣǳڣоһŨҵϢ
ô
гġ
⡭ϵĶʵ̫ˣ־綾ֱδδţǡѾˡ
һҽҡҡͷ̾Ϣ
һ仰һĳˮס
ڵֹۣ֮ǰѾ취ˣҲ취ϵĶԣǡͳͳûЧ
ʱһӶߴ³üͷ壬һ˵һߴǰ˼
£֮мһƬң³ĹģӵϢҲҴҸ
Ҫ絽һЩҲ˽ֻ࣬ǣϵľ綾Ѿ裬³ȻѾ㾡ȫ嵽֮ǰƣûа취
⣬ڿĿ·ǳޡ
ģĹôܻĶ
ҡҡͷһǼ˵ǳ֪ôһǿûκεףͻȻô£ܹܣ

йâһɷ˵ֿȺߵĴ齱ߣʳжָһ죬ϡͬʱһѸ뵽ڡ
ֻƬ̣жʱ
Ϊﵽ۹󽫼𣬶ڸ־綾кǿĵֿԡǣڵĶԲͬдգҾȻܹܺڵںϣĽȫ
ֹˣľ̽ڣоһƺɫճľ綾Ѿ޿ײ룬ˮкһ㣬͸֫ٺԼеϸ͹
ô
֪ڵ䡣Ǿ綾뵽еı֡
ͣڱ֣ƤѪҺ࣬ĳЩϸⶼ̫⡣
Ψ뵽֮УΪֵġ
ͨĲҲѾǡҩʯѾȣ˵ʰԵľ綾
ô
֪ڵ䡣Ǿ綾뵽еı֡ξ綾ͣڱ֣ƤѪҺ࣬ĳЩϸⶼ̫⡣
һɲǣףΪʲôôҽ޲ߣ³˵ֻˡ
ֻǴж£Ӧֻж̶̵ʱ䣬ΪʲôϵĶѾ뵽˹֮Уͺ˺ܾһ
ͷԺзӶʶģŤͷһĮݺϹܼң
Ϲܼңһеô£
һܻشĻҲֻϹܼˡ
˵ĿⶼۼϹܼϣ³⡣
Ҳܸ㣬»֮ǰȣµκϢҶ͸¶˿
Ϲܼҳ
ⷭɫһͣ¶һ˿㵡
ⷭش𣬺ȻʮǧҲѹ֡زʱϹܻؿƿڰЩˡ
ʵ̫ϵˡ
һ࣬ȻҲͬ뷨ֻĿӹϹܼƵӣ屾Ҫ˵ʲôֳĬˡ
ϹܼҵȻ뱣ƽϣ˿ֽ˫ȴ¶ʹࡣ
Ȼϣеʹ࣬κ˶ҪöࡣȲѣвܿڵɣϹܼȻôġ
ĿֻϹܼͣƬ̣ܿ죬ٴ˴ϵ
˿Ժٲ飬֮ҪκĲ
ڵֶܼã
ͻȻڵ
࣬Ҳʱˡ
Ϊ׵ҽ̾ϢҪҽ࣬Щӡƺǹе֣ҽҽϵΪǳʥʶ̾мӡ
а취ĶԣǿԾȻ𣿡

⡭Ƕÿһطҩʯûáܹеľ綾ȻкܴĺתеĶԣ̸Ρ
֣ҽüͷ˵飬ȫǲܵġôףôҽҲվ޲ˡ
书߾ľ֣һȻֻ֪е޷裬ûоԣԾҲһûа취
֣ҽû˵꣬㱻ˣ
зֻܲܽϵĶԣ
⣬Ϲĵҩǿԡ
֣ҽŵ
壬⣬ûõģ
ʱһ³ǰļȰο
⣬ЩֻЩҽˣδЩ̫ƫִˡ
ȴûһ˫΢գԺд˷˭Ҳ֪Щʲô
ȻֻƬ̵Ĺץס
ȷĿѪ𣿡
Ҳһգۣ˶ĵطһͻȻԺ
ǣ
ԥ
ѣѪ߱ⶾܣֵֻܲĿѪҺеĶԣȷȻҪʹ𣿡
֮ʯٴε
ǣ
Ҳ룬ԥ
ѪȫıһڵѪҺһһֲĿȱݣƾκࡣ
ͬûκεȱо綾Ҿ綾Ѿ鲼ȫÿһطѪ÷ǳޡ
û˿ԥȻѡ˻Ѫ
䣡
һ̣ͬٴηû˿ԥһ֮ʯӴˮһ㣬뵽ڡ
û˷ӦеĶѪҺͬѪҺѭͨй裬ȫȻһ¡
ֻƬʱ䲻ѪҺϵͳеľ綾ȫ
ѪȻ޷綾Ӱȴ裬ҲѡѪԭ
⣬ôܣ
ûзӦһԵ³ϹܼȴǻȻһǵΪԶȳǿĶࡣ߸ոջѪ˾͸оϵı仯
ԭ͸¶ģľήϢһɲǣԶһ
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬һ֣ҽҲоı仯
ɫԭֳһĻҰף촽Ҳɫ֮Ժࡣ
ܣ
֣ҽ΢ȫⲻ˼ˡҽ˽⣬ǰһУȫرǣץסʲôû
齱ߣȻûֹͣ
ȻԼѪҺϵͳеĶԣڵԶֹۡ
ѪҺϵͳﲻ˵ĸȫ⣬ظӵͷ­Լ֮У֮ʯġѪøǳޡ
ˣ
֣պ˵ĿУ󣬰һѸʩչ̫޼Ԫɹ
µһѧֹǿ󣬸ӵӴڵ˵ǡǡЧġ


1657 ѣ
Ԫ޼̫ϴɹϸ΢͸Ա֮컯ҪԴ͸ȫϸÿһ䣬͸ӵͷ­֮С
Աġ
һԪ޼̫ϴɹ͸­ǻʱܹһ·ӹ̡ǿ;ľѪܹڵɽһĶ˺
ˣ
˵ĿУһɹۻ̺Űع֮뵽ͷ­ȫ֮С
뵽­ǻ֮УԽоأʶֻ֪­ǻ֮Уе񾭡磬ƤڣȫմȾһɫġŨī
ְҵľ綾ѾȾÿһطĴ͸ȥ־綾͸ôǻ췦ʹȫͨѪڣΪˡ
ϸ룬һһɹӰģͬʱ̺ӴɹбڻסȫͬʱͬˮХЩɫճ綾ɽȥȻ˳ͨ롣
̣
һ̣˵ĿУһɹɺɫҺ壬˿˿ƣϵĴĿڡǣԼ֮Ϊɫɢ֮С

Χһ󾪺еҽһĻסˡҲܵģҪȻҪҽʲôã֮УѵִǶǿߣҲ޷󼰡
֮ǰϹܼҺ³ѾԹȫʧܸա̫ӣϵ̫̫΢˸óȻ֣Ҳû˿İա
Ȼһǳɣַʽڵľ綾˳
쿴
У֪˭һɲǣ˵Ŀȫе˲ϵϡֻϢ͸ոȣȻֺ࣬Ƥɫࡣ
ңĺ˿в㣬ʱϨһ㡣ʱȻɲǺǿѾᡢ೤ࡣ
һɲǣ˶סˡ
Ȼʱ˿̣˼
ˣ
һɹɺɫճ綾Ũ֭ͬʱһ⿪ͣȻһöϽɫҩĿС
ˮ
ͷҲص
ǣ
һŮγѣķӦһˮæ˹
Ҳû˵ӹˮйһСڣǿŵҩ£ųһ
ģҶѾˡͿˡ
һ¶ͷĺ飬ڵһϵжɫҲ΢԰סˣһпɣʵϣķȷ˵ͬʱ˵κһѪܡԼϸ΢񾭡
̣Զ˿ôɡ
죬죬죡
Ļеҽγѣ׷ӿȥ
̫ˣǵҩʯЧˡ
ֻһҽʱϲ
ȻڵûѣǺ͸ոȣڵȴ֮٣Ǵһͨʹ˵ҩʯ֮ЧڿڲЧˡ
ܿ죬һҽչ룬ιҩιҩĶһƬ켣Ľ룬ѵһ̹ȥΪҽҲʼ¶ҽ衣
ͣ
Ƭ֮󣬵һͷٻѨͻȻһ󳤳ģ˾ϲܵĿУϣһֱĿѵڴ齱ߵָͻȻ¡һ˫յ˫ҲţҪ
̫ˣˣˣ
֮գ۾Ȼһ˷֮ȴּѹֵĻƺΨ־ŵϵ
󷽣ԭоһ̣ʱҲ˲١
븮ۡ⻹һο۾
еŮҽǰ̽ĳҲһƬϲá
ô
ѣ˷׷ӿȥڳҰھӵоصáڳ˵ո˵£ÿжһ˿š
ֻҪ£۹
ϣϢɿǳ촽˶ƺҪǰ˵ʲôȻзֻǵص
ôһССĶͷĴ󺹡ȻϼıƽƤһıʱܵʹࡣ
ȳȥɣҪϢʲô£Ժ˵
ͻȻڵ
ֻһ仰ɲǼ䣬ԭֺķʱһƬšΧԭһ䣬һ䣬Χ꺮ůĳһ˿ηɫտڲᡣ
Ȼˡƽ²¡ĹְûвȨƣǺʣʵȨس֮һ
ȨӴ󵽼㲻ڳ֮УҲӰ쵽͢ľ顣ĳ͢ĵҲǳְ͢ܣȻȫ͢飬Գ
壬û˸Ҹɣ
㣬ҲѾҰ⣬˿λߡõӵžأκ˶ǵеӴ
˵λӣΪƵĵһ˳λ̳˺ڵŴȨεȨյʵȨĳ̶ֳϣѾﵽ۹۷塣
ʹȣҲѷɫ˶á
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ĳ׷ײ뿪һ沵ĻûС
һԵ³ϹܼһĻȻǡʵϣڵոѣĺܣʵڲʺʱڳ档
һƬžֻܿʣˡ
£ôõ𣿡
ǰʵ
û˵ֻ΢΢ףգ۾¶ʹɫ
£㲻ؿڡֻҪգۣ۾Ϳˡ˵ˣգһ۾
忪ڵ
ж˭µ֣ǲǺʹйأ
仰һԵ³Ϲܼ˲׷ױɫϵҲ¶һ˿ݵɫ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼֱӣûѯ˭ֱ֣ӾͰԼеĲ²⣬ָ˴ӡ
ǰЩ˳ȥĻⷭȥ֪ҪĲ
û˵ֻɫأĶŴϵ
Ȼ֪ľϹܼҲƺܵ⣬ؿƿ˵ϹܼҲУ֪ʲôµ֣ҲͨеϢ²⵽ܶණ
ƣж֣ܹɹͬʱĪˣָóУ£ܹģʾǴӡ
ڳеӰ̫ƫƫʹӲһϡڵţָ£ΪӺܹȨգܹιԼĵλҲܹ档


1658 µϢ
˵꣬ĶȴĻش
ֻϣ¶һ˿ԥһ£ҪգȴڳʲôƺЩ˼ɣֻ߲̫ȷ
žϹܼҺ³˭Ҳû˵
ݣϵشŪãһҵĳ͢˭ҲʱҲ졣
ʱ־Ĭлš
ϣ촽˶ƺҪ˵ЩʲôȴַһŽߵ塣
һԵ³̲סһ
ǹ»˽£ҲӴܶΣ³ټ¶˸ӵ顣
أƺ̫⡣֮У˵ڴأƺҪ˵ʲô
һɲǣ³Ҳ̲ס𶯡
ˣ
һƬĬ֮Уڷ峤һӴǰվЩ飬ظԣֻҪһѾס
£úϢ飬ͽɣ
仰ص뿪ˡ
߳ͬʱһҴҵĽŲӺ󷽴ͬһʱ䣬һӶ
顭Ѿصֵز𣿡
֪ʱ³üͷ壬üӿһŨŨء
û˵ͣ½ŲЩѾȥˡ
ԣǴ𣿡
³ڻ̲סʳ䡣
Ѿ벻Ĵˡ
嵭
ңֻģһлֻǿʼ
ˣ
仰³һ𣬶ıɫ
⣬ǣôᡭ
һɲǣ³ʧǣƺȫ޷𰸡ӿʥʵĳӣλĵһ˳λ̳ˣֱʥָΪ˼Ѿ¶ķǳԡ
û⣬δʥʾ
ΪʲôҪô
ңôңѵûκι˼
³ҲǾ˵ˣһɲǣгġȻǰʲôҲ³ȴоڤڤƺһɾˣϯ
ɾգıƵգ
û˵³𾪡⣬ԽܣǶ˵һжѾޱȣ
ʼĺ¼ٵʦƵңٵٻظ֥հԼ취Լϡеһжָһˡ
飬һλʵ벻˭жȥô
̫ˣģվģ
Ժͷһܿ뿪ĸۡ

ԶԶ̸ֹۡ
֣ҽһҽ˵Էþ綾δţδҪ⾡ȥԶô򵥵¡
İѾɹΣյѹأǺúõĵˡ
⣬ǰѺڰԼжḶ́ȫֲֻᣬҲһʼǸ޴š
Ǵ˰ģʲô˵ģ
ˣ廹ڰɳȥ飬ΣһҪҵǸжˡ
Ȼ嶼벻¼ʱһȴ벻Ľչ
үнչˣ
֮󣬵廹Ĵֵ֮¼ʱȸһֻӥպ˵ģ˷ܵĴ˽
үǵ֮ǰǲǿʯҵ֪ǿʯˣ
Ƭ֮󣬾循ȵĿУһ񽳣һϴ÷׵ɫۣӵΡΡ˽
Žɰݼү
߽Ŵϵ幧һ
𣬲ض񣡡
æӭȥ
ɣϵǿ𣿡
֮ǰѾʹʦ֮моḻ񽳣ȴûκϵùڹϵ屾ΪѾϣãˣȻû뵽ȴʱת
үĻ񣬲ԼЩӡ󣬵һЩү̣֪𰸡
񽳹
Ŷ
üͷ΢дΪ⣺
˵
үĻϣöߴķ֣ʣүŻǲǰչʵСģöͬҲߴķ֣
񽳵
ⷬ΢дΪ⡣û뵽񽳻ĳߴ磬ҶԷֱӹ˻Ϲĳߴ磬ȷ˷֣Ȼ񽳵ľ侪ˡ
񵹲ǰʵʳߴģʵĹӦǰ˴ҡ

ֲãͶˣҲµûĳӦǰ˴һ߷֡
·ڽеɻ
һ⣡
һ˵ţһһֻݵ̽뻳СܿһOO@@񽳴ӻȡһֽֽ̯¶һĻ񣬺Ȼ֮ǰŹ
үĻѾúˣֻǻЩϸүö⴦λûһЩϸ˿·һ·
⡭
ⷬдΪ⣬ȻʵЩʵ̫ϸˣ֮ǰҲѹûĻܹ׼ȷ״ԼҪĻƵξͿˣôܻôϸС·
ҵʱϣ߻谵ֻоһƳʱ䣬۲ôϸ¡
ԣ
Ҫ˵ǲˣͻȻ֮䣬üͷһ壬ϡʲôȻʱִ٣ܿôϸΪ΢ǿߣصǾ߱ǿĶܹܵؼϸ΢ı仯
ǿľʹܹЩϸСĵطμסԺ֡
ȻߵĴæǵã뿪ʱôһɲǣöһ˿⡣
˿һĸ룬ǡһЩϸСѪɫ·
ͻȻڵ
Ļ񽳻һͺһ̧ͷ壬鼤ޱȣ
Ѫɫ·Ѫɫ·ûдһǸ߲񣡡
ԭݵϣʱȻӿһ˷ܵͨ죬ͺһĶһ
˴һ߷ֵĸ߲벻Ϸ󣬾Ȼʱ̽Ӵֶ
ȸ񽳵ķӦǵԤϣǲôóӦֶ֪
ɣ˵һö߲ر𣿡
ʵ
㿴öѪɫ·Ĺ񣬾Ǹ߲񣬸ֳ߲֮ΪѪмƷʦеһܹһö߲һ޺
񽳸˵˵顢ʺ͸ղȫͬ
üͷ΢壬ȻҲû˵ʲô߲񣬵Ǵ񽳵ķӦпóӦһּƷʯ
߲ʯеļƷƷμߣǰרģרãܹͨӴõģ
ˣ
ⷬȸдΪ𶯡ôû뵽öȻǹƷ
еĹƷֻʥʺ󹬵ĳЩóĻӣԼ͢мسܽӴõ
ϾȻֶʱԵ÷ͬѰѰζ


1659 
ɣ˵ǹƷƺûи߲ѪƷ˵
һԣȸüͻȻڵ
ȻУ
ԲЦ
߲С߲ɫָ߲ȻƷʼѣϡ٣Ϊ⣬󲿷ֵѪֻĴָСģѪ֮١ҪΪȽϴ࣬γɴʯȳѪѾǼƷ˴ϵĸ߲ʯѾΪƷʯʯҲֻʱһЩ񽳿
Ʒʯֻö̫ڻʵʱѾȫ߲׸̫ڻʵ֮ۡŸ߲ʯ߲ѪѳΪ죬ĴָСʯҲ˵Ʒʯˡ
ԭѾЩ̬ӣ˵Щڳݲ壬˵߲ʱ˾ѣ··˾
ɣ֪öƷ߲𣿻˵öƷĸ߲ȫڻ֮У
΢΢üͷ
˵ʯȷʵӦڻұ֮У൹֪һ¡
̫ڻʵʱڣһλ󽫾ս׿ԽڵѾû£һɱ򣬽˸߲̫ڻʵϲãڵ߲ʱ򣬽ö߲ʯеһöʹ͸λ󽫾ӦΨһһöƷ߲ˡ
΢Ц
󽫾
һ࣬ȴûôˡ񽳵Ļüͷ˲˵ǷΨһǵõľǡ󽫾֣һɲǣĿգͷԺзӶ
ɣ㻹ǵõλܵʹ͵Ĵ󽫾ʲô𣿡
ͻȻڵһ仰ն䣬ȸ͵̧ͷǰ񽳣רעޱȡ
Ȼ֪үΪʲôôãȸԲ޵ķʸôʱԭ
⡭ʱЩˣҲЩǲ̫һλɺ̸ĶʮĹ֮һ
üͷ壬ƺŬ䣬˵Ļ𶯲ѡָоԼѾҪӽˡ
ˣǵкˣǺ̫ʱպƾս񣡡
񽳵Ļ˼þò
񽳺ܿˣǶ˵˵Ǽ仰ȴʱĽչ
ү񽳵ĻӦǰǰˣӦòҪ˰ɣûпǹƷ߲ˣ
ȸʵ
ȱ½̸ۣʮĹлӰͼΣұ̫ڻʵ۷õ̸У˹հȸҵȥʹӼˣҪ̸ʮĹġФ⣬취ȥҵ̫ȣƹܴڵĹ⣬Ӧ֪Ʒ߲ǷڹС
˼
ƾһ񣬺Ѳʲôõ֪ǹŸ߲ĹƷȫ»ֻ飬ôһоȫͬⷽ棬ֻҪҵְ̫֮ȣһȻˮʯ
ЩʹеƷûбȸϤˡ
ĵܿ˽ȻظǱߡ߸ȥѯʣŰʱǱ߾˴𸴣
ҪҵǿʯȷʵƷ߲񣬳һ鲻֪䣬ȫڻʹؿ֮Уұ붥Ʒײʹ͡Ҹȵĵ飬Ʒĸ߲̫ʱһֱûж
Ϣ֮󲻾ãһ̸ʮĹĻ䵽УĹҲͰˣǵ忴ƾսĻʱ˶ʱסˡ
ϵէһǳİƺԼĵû˿ϵǿϣһ˰̣ԺһɲǼ·ʲô
Ȼ
һʯǧˣʱ䣬ԺжȻɲŻϵƾսҪԼĹĶ࣬߿Ȼ̺ͬڵλã״дСһģһ
Ҫǣ׵Ͳͬϸȥ˵üĿ߰˷ֵơ
ȻţǡǡܵĽ͡
ܣܣһôܻôʱ䣬Ѿ𣿡
ϢȸŤͷ壬Ĳš
յϢñһ֮УССٳսۣްܼȫɹսʤ˶֡
ҰյϢƾսֶκ佫ȻͬսֶΣֻʽʹ̣ǡǡѶԸĶ֡
֪ΪʲôںϢǵ㵽Ϊֹһ漰ϸϸںҪĲ֣ɲꡣһ¼֮УдδεĿհףʷӦü¼Ҳʮģ·ڿʲô
֪֪ˣܰսʤƾǰЩϣƶϳϢ
ȥʦˣ
ʯ䣬һͷӹԺһˡ
ȻõϢȱȫ·˿ڸʲôǴЩѼϣҲһ
ƾսʦƾͬʱ̫ʱҺ˵֮мĸйǳϤ
֮ңߵĹżҪãû⣬ڻڰŴӳııƣ̣пܺѲ˹ϵ
Ҫ֪˽·񣬿Լͱȥһʦ

ҹո֮һƬž
ϵطһŰķһֻɰڣһɹŨĲ԰
ĻŲ豭һڣ˳˼
İݷúΪģ£Ӣ̫ڻʵ۶˹ţΪ˳̣˵ˡڣЩϤ˺Ѳڡ
Ե֣ЩģǴġ
ֹˣʱĿ񲨶һ£ǰʱȫͬ
öĻٿһ𣿡
ͻȻڵ
ûж˵ܿ콫Żֽ˹ȥŻֽüͷ壬þò
벻
ãһ̾ڿڵ
дˣ߲ǵ̫ڻʵʹ͸ġʯֻͼǵʱľ־
һ˵ţһָŹǼֻɫͼ£ʱûб̫ʱ˽ˡ
ţڸ̫ڻʵ۵Ͻ֮һ̫ڻʵ۶ΣͺšСԳɫǽɣǻҳԱʹã̫ڻʵȴ˺ԺĳţҰ޳ң
Ҳ̫ԴӸ̫սߣĹѫģǿı˵ѧϰ


1660 ǰ£
СĿκζһͻᡣửǵ߸Уһ˹ⷢѣʺжپӣģģٺȲģ͵ġⱾҪΪΪ̫ھѧϰޱȣ߸˿ɼ
ֽ̯ʮŻֽȻ󵽾¥ջС̣̯ϸţȫ˳ֹˣ˶ٰʮž¥ջھڲΣڲΣβȱȽǣȫξ󣬻档ʱ˶ˡ
ºЩֽգȻûһ󣬼ֱ˼飡ʱ˺ӡҲʹ˶ѣ
ⷭҲΪ֮ݡһǳж󣬿ڵľʦ֪̫ڻʵۣǵʥʣʦû̫仯ġ
Ҫ£˵һ嶼ǲ¡жж񷿣پ¥ջǮׯ˵ҪЩڲϸڣͬϸ΢覴ڶҪһ嶼޷
˵ⷭĲ֪ʦ࣬ЦֻΪһ׫ģ丽ᣬ޿ŶȵĹ¡
Ȼ֪²һ£е˹ھԼǽ֮Ļʹ֮СŶ׼һƻ
һ˲䣬гޱȡ
⣬ˣȴΪ͢ιҪˡڶ̶̵ʱڣѧʫʸ踳Ҵﵽ˼ߵ衣
̫ڻʵ۵˵ı츳ǴǿģǿѧϰδضᳬˣڱϣȻΪܳıս񡣡
˵˴˶٣ƺҲĻ䡣ãŽ˵
Һͺû̫ҵʱսʱ򣬱ΪƵľ񣬶Ϊƾս񣬵λ֮¡
ںʵҲ̫˽⡣ĽӴսѶ̫ƽʮ֮󣬵ʱҰҶмɵ˵ҳңսԺգңΪ֮Ϊ˱ӣҲΪ˱ʱ͢ɳָ͢һλѧϰԽ̵ѧˣԺʲôս£ҲҲԽ⡣
һ̸£ر漰¼ɵĲ֡Ȼû̸úϸҺܶط赭дһ廹׹ʵǡ
ʦ£ҲǶ˽һЩĻԻսУƾǧڱͻʱǿ׳ʢôƵʱ򣬻ʮǿһ·׷𱱣ɱͻ˴ܿ䡣
ɱʧأ²һλɺʹñͻǿػ۷壬вĳƣӲزۣһ֮һ塢۹Ƶļ¼
ҺڵһССٴսѾλ߾¡ﵽ˷޿ɷĵزڵ˵˹ȴ޷ͣڵŻкܴش졣
йͣйطǵ˺ԭ򡣱Ͼһ˶еĳӶڿš
һɲǣ겻ѡڴƣûдﵽʦ̫ʱĵλҲûôܲ¼ɵıҽҵݣⷽ棬Ǽǿļӷ
Ϊ߶һУΪ֮ս˹֮ս󣬿ҲܿˡΪߵһɲǣǲһ˿
ЩͷֻԺгƬ̣ܿһţŶרע
ʱ͢ĺǳǿң̫ڱҲòӣȻ͢۵ķзǶ˵û̫ĵط쿪ʼ͸һѧϰ
Һͺûཻ̫˫ñ֮ҲȻͬҵʱĺҲʮˣȻѾ͢ҲһҪˣұҲϤĽڣеıģұܽᣬȫһһڸֻĽӴУҽ֣кܴ⡣

Ŷ
ⷬüͷ΢ȻѧⱾѾ㹻˾ˣĻԺۡΪͬʱıңǷǳġ
ѧϰ£̫ڻʵҪǽںѧϰһ죬һ糣̫ڻʵǹˣʥʱ򣬷һ£׸ıҶԺĿʱҺͺͬһھʱͻȻһͷȮ˳˿͡
ʱΪ̫ڻʵ۳ԭ򣬾ٹ¶ϲ䣬֮缫ʢΪ׷ܶ˶ỿһЩȮʦ֮еַŨЩǺ¡ʱͷȮʱҲû⣬ֱ֪֮һ¡
ԭǻظ֮󣬺ܿ˵ͷȮº󲻵ѵ˹һ٣ͷȮͷȮճҲһͷȮ֮ԻͣΪĸȮո̣ʱŵ̶ѡ
Ǹʱ;úкܴ⣬ȮҲͰˣǨŭЩոճ̣Ҳһкܴˡֹˣ۱⣬ζԴ²ʱ˼ûУͻش˵һɴȫ͵Ǹʱ;Թڲ̣Ǽ̳ұĺѡ
սʤѹִսΪĿģǵΪɱˡԺԣҵıֻ½ܴĻԴǸʱҾ͸ı˼ȻɻǺܶĵĵط㵽ֹ
Ҳ˶ԹޣԽǲ̣ԽҪѧ
⣬ҵʱ⵽̫ӽܡҵʱ̫ƽƱǿ׳ͻʣĸ߾˹ضѾһܱҲһһʱĺ¹ģն̫ƽǺѧҾųϵıһҪѧϰұĵĲ֣Ե쳣ļȡ
ҵʱ͸о˼죬ôȵѧϰĿġ
˶٣ĬƬ̣ԺһƬžһƬ˶ĻҶӴмһڣдһ˿̾Ϣƺں΢΢Щϧ
ҵʱȻģϾͬΪҾѵãԲûи淢ϺƺоʲôȻһõʱҰҵĲ¼ɣ̫ڻʵ״в֮ģ״ҽʱ򣬰һ֣ľĵطȫ
飬Խȷв֮ģȻ췴Ϊ̸ʮĹǱ¼Ϊεĸ߸Ͻ鵱ʱ۹
˵˴ͣ¶ɫƺѱʷļ֮С
أ
һöûпڣ̲ס


1661 
ܣ̫ڻʵ۴̸Ҳźͻ̫ڻʵ۵Ĵܴ󣬶۹кܴ𶯡

üͷڵЩ£岢ûԸҲûô̡ǰ˵ӦѾôǰô£
ҴԷҲǺʲôӱӱ˵ϵĵλã̸ĺλãһģһ
ûеһеô£һ˵ˣѵ
д˷
˵ʱ򣬷ƺһЩ£ҵʱѾڸˣԾ鲢֪Ǵ֮󣬺Ҳûгֹ͢⹫ģҲǺҾͲ֪ˣҲûйע
ʱе
ˣ
˵ģⷬȴ͵һ뵽ʲô
һѾ˰ǲ»ģǸ˸ûôһоȫͬˣܶҲܹ˵ͨˡһԼôںһżܡ
Ǻô귨һʲôֻǣʲô˾˺
д˷
һеıƺһţһָоĳ־򵥣һε֮ңҲܴᷢı仯
Ҳ֪˵ǲľǺһҪǳСģ²ֶΣֻʽʹ̣书ǱңôȥǿѧϰѾﵽһµĵزô궼ûϢȴʱ֣ضͼСһҪֽ
壬ɫصһɲǣɫ嶼һ¡
ҵӦ̫ڱ£ٽ볯֮£Ұﲻ㣬ΪʦţӦÿԶȹѹء˵Щˣѵۣһ塣
ͻȻڵһ仰˹ۡ
֪˹ݣˣ廹ˣһ֡
ôүʳ𣿡
ոĺųһͻȻڶҹɫУȸһصĵطæӭ
ţȷʵ
忪ڵ
ǣǰԸ𣿡
ȸڵԽ˽Ϣ֪սԽǸоѹء
˭뵽ߵǸıʿȻ˵Ĵ
ֶѾԶԶķ롣
Ǻǣģ
ԤϾʱȸļ
ǰʵѾˣ

ȸʱɵˣһͷˮ֪˵ʲô
ֻһЦûйͣǰȥ
ǰȻڵԣֳܲ͢񣬵֮ǰµһ壬ѰʵѾı֮һ飬ӵİˡ
һ֪ͨͨ˺ı֮Ҳڼ֪˺·ԼԸķ

һŲȸһǰһʧҹɫ֮С

֪֪ˣս֪˹ʵݣ˵ǰʱࡣ
ֻ֪ôˡ
ܿһӴĻת
ͬʱתƣ̫ճʦһƬƽ
Ѱİ˵еһжôҰִжôңǼңԶ
ʱ˿̣ûжע⵽ǿӴĹ£ҶͷףһݵӰһǰű־ԵĽɫ̡
ţԷһޡ
һԱߵĴΪһ壬ƺڵȴʲô
ʱ仺ȥ֪˶á
ˣ
£һƬҶƮ̧ͷͻȻڵ
䣬ƺӦ۰ڶһӰס˹ߣǰ̶档
Ҳ˵˺ɫһã㾶ֱ
΢ףһۣһĵ̼ĿȻǱӦóڻʹдԵĹ
׼ȷӦ˵ǺĴƾս
ڼˣ
ڿڵ
Ϊһ죬Ѿ˺ܾˣ
һ䣬Ŀԣһɲǣһҵĵ
벻Ļţ
ŶĺȻ̾
ߣ㶼ڣô׻
һ˫У޵Ĺâ
ͬΪͬҶģԣҲͬйֶԹ
ô꣬һֱڵ㣬֮վҪֳһʤ
ôˣ㻹ûз𣿡
ҡͷ̾Ϣ
£ôܷ£
ЦŶ¶һ˿һ˿ִ
޵һ޵ڶ̸ʫû˸˵ǵһȴˡ
츳СͱΪͨҲԸ߰СΧ˺ܹ֮ȣǺ߸УЧ̫ڻʵ£ڽ֮Ҳǳ͡
ǿԺѧϰ̾ΪֹʲôʱֻҪڵĵطԶ˹עĽ㣬һֱ֡
ԺеĹâ㱻λƾ񳹵ڸǡ
ֻҪڵĵطԶѷɫһֻǵµֹѫȴ̸Ĺ
ͬսʤ֣ͷβ˷۵ʱ˵Զ֡
ƴȫ׷ϣ󣬼ɾƾսͷܱҲվȲϴƾ֡
һ߰ôֳܽܵ衣
ңҵԸûʵ֣ôܷ¡
˵仰ʱ򣬺⣬ӹһѩĹâ
ûϸ˵ȴƺ֪˵ʲô
㲻ɹģ
ҡҡͷ
ʲôܻվֹ㣡ǰУԺҲһУ

仰ЦǼ
ƾʲôƾǸ𣿡
鲻мһˣĬûлش
ߣұ䣬Ĳǵ̣״ңȴô׾ͽһëͷСӣ
סϵޣʳжָסһöɫӣֻžһö˲бըɷĩ
һ࣬ɫƽ˿Ϊ
ҵı֮㣬ֻΪ
ôˣ㻹һ̲岻ƲƣȲƱ֮ɱ¾֮Լ̫֮ʣ
ߵ
üͷֻ΢΢ҡͷʧѾӵʱ䣬Ҳһ㶼ûб仯Ȼôء
Ȼû˵ŵ
ڽ̶̲ѾνˣıѾȫѧᣬ͸񣬾㶼ҵĶ֣˵Ǹˡ


1662 ɱ³
ˣǵʱѾȥˣõʲôɹģ
̾Ϣ
֪ʲôǲֵġңǺӵǱҪǿö࣡
ˣ
仰ɫ΢䣬üͷ
ǳģķӦЩϡû뵽ǸӣȻ֮ߵۡ
Ȼһգۣüͷչ
ˣȻ˵ֻ
Ц
һʼҾ͸߹ˣȻôôҾȥʰʱ㻹кλ˵
Цһ̫β֪ѧϰôãԸ񣬺֪һ˳֣ûõ̫Ķ
ѴĿҲѴɣθ룬վò֡
ৣ
һܿվתȥ
㣬Ҫ˵Ѿ˵ˣһǻģ
лص漴󲽳ȥ߳ʮಽʱͻȻһ
ûõģѧҵıҲȻ㲻ϵһ
ˣ
Ȼֹһ٣ת
Ѿʱˣ㻹ҪȰ𣿡
°ɣһлü
£ԶԶź
㱳ĳޣŵ𣿡
ЦһתܿʧԶ

Уһ˶ĵͼǽϣͼִϸϸһڵͼϷߡܿŸӣڻּ֮йǴƾʦĵͼ
߰ǰ˸Ƴġ
ǱߵĶԽԽƵû⣬ǳ֮ڲϿһ֮дʱ䶼ڶŵͼ
֪˹ݣⳡĸشңһЩµ뷨ͷ
һжʲô
վڵͼǰԺд˷һָҲ˼ڲͣߡͬĵͼһΣ·𿴵һЩµĶ
ã
Ŀӹ鸮ʱ򣬵ʯһͷӹԺɲǼ䣬˲ɫ
³
ͬʱҹɫǶһУһݻ򶫶ȥ³Σͬһڽ˻ʹ֮Լĸۡȥ
ʦ³־緢ڵ³üȴǳܱգء
ڵĳ͢Ʈҡ̫̫ˡ
Ŀ⿴ƽʵɱء
̣³ѹһľʯ
ڵĴƸúȥδӣӦԣ³ⳡУָԴ
Щ³ͳͳûд𰸡һΣż仯ĳҰ³иоһ˿ã
ϣ
ڳ˼ʱͻһ˻ͬһʱ䣬³ҲȻͣ
ô£ʲôˣ
³üͷ΢壬ʶĿʵ
Ȼ⾲ĵģȴûĻش
³ɫ΢䣬оһ˿ԾȻûϸ룬һ̣һͻȻĸ֪֮Сʼʱ򻹲Ǻǿ󣬵գ֮䣬ָ˲ʹﵽһ˵ĵز
ã
ʯ䣬³оһǿҵΣϸ룬һݣƶŸ߿հȥ
䣡
ͬһʱ䣬һ춯صıըͻȻ´³ֻǻͷƳһۣһݣֻԼͭһֱ۴ϸĺɫꪻУ˲ըѳƬ
ǵʲôˣȻϮ͢٣
³ɫһ䣬һѸʮĵϡ
ΧӰ´£ֻһӰź۴ߣ֪ʱ³Χǽϣϡ˷Χס
ٺ٣ɱˣ
һЦһ˵һ̣̹죬ʮӰû˿ԥ·㣬Ӱ³˹ȥ
ɲǼ䣬³˲ɫ
ʲô³ڻظ;̣
УյϢޱȡ
ƻϲϱ仯ȻѾԤе³£Ҫȥ֪ͨ³Ǳ߾Ѿˡ
һʵǷ̫̫죡
֪Ϯʲô𣿡
ڻȷֻ֪ѡֵ·Σ³ѡһƫƧС⣬Ϯʱ򣬳³˺⣬Χûˡ³˵Ѿɱˣ
ȸͷ
Ƿ˾Ѿڵ飬ң³вû̫ˡ
ȸĻ΢΢ͷд˷þò
ʱִ̫̫٣Ȼϵ³ܻϮ֮ǰ廹½ۣǷԼһ
׼Ҫȥ³
ֻգ۵ʱ䣬⣬ȸ
¡¡ִ³ۡʱֻ³ĸۡŽգſڣԱվſƺ³֮⣬վ˺ܾˡ
ү
ſڣĹһݣæǰʩ鼴η塣
ô£
忪ʵ
˵³̣Ǽйһ£³˱лͣ˵Ѿ͢ӣЩʣ׼ڼ¡һ̶鲻ãû³£ܶ鶼ѽǼҪصؼ³ˡ
һ仰ȴǼ˵ġ
Բüͷʶ̧ͷͷȥֻ³ĸۡرյʵʵͭ棬һľƣд˼֣
Ųͣ
ǣ
΢΢죬֪³ܵɱ³ӦʵЩ㵡ΪˣӦǱȽѰŶԣֻ³ôʲôԵɡ
ûйĺЩԱѣֿȺǰͷʯʨӣ³ĸۡȥ
飡
ߵŻ
˭ûſдŸŲ𣿡
һƬƽܿһͷ洫
Ǿ͸³ˣ
ȴû˿ŭһƽ
仰ڵһ𣬺ܿһֻʱ䣬³ۡԭյĴŴ򿪣һȣŷ̽ͷ
壬һæӭ˽
ү˵ܾˣ
˰ӭڣ¡һѸٵĽĹر˴š
ڸۡڼ³
ֻǵһۣ֪ЩԾõϢ³ûˣϮӦоգʱ³һϮİɫ£һ̫ʦϣɫ԰ףԲ


1663 
ˣ
壬³̧ͷǿ¶һ˿Цݡ
ô£
߹ȥ³Ա
ڵ³һصӡ
ôԷбӦòеĻ·ߣƽʱϰ߾Ҳ
³
֮رΪ͢سҪ˼ǵ͸ˡ
رڣñźʹƿأ³һֶľ֧״̬Ϊԭ³ڻؼҵ·ϣ·ȸֵʱرϲһСΪģΪ㹻һЩݵİϸȥ˼һЩ⡣
˿ڽľʦƽǷǳѵÿɹġ
Ǿ³û뵽Լ˴ŵİãȻҲԷˡ
Է书ܸߣվЩ͹ˡɱһˣǿͻΧ˳ҲһЩ
³˵ţֱһţһɾŨܣͬɫıһ㣬֮¶ۼȻһģ
һ֣嶼̲סƤ΢дΪȡ
³׷кǿҵĹģһ¾Լϡ
ڿܼڹ³ûз¹书ֻƾһ֣ΪȻûдﵽ΢ҲǼΪˡ
ЩͷԺһӶһͻ
³Ÿոճûãһ̣һɼȵɫϸ˿ŷ
һ̣³ûΪһɫĻ棬ܵȼ
ǹɻԵޱȣֻɲǼ䣬ͽ³մ³ɫҲʱԽĲ԰ס
Ħ֮𣡡
һԵ³û˵ȴɫһվ
³ӿɺɫ棬ϤǺóĦֻ֮ϣƺҪӰԵһЩ
ôܣ
ǰ³жɲ
֮ǰŴںˣԼǵϤˡ
˾ȻϮ³һʼѹû뵽ġ
ҪǣΪʲôҪϮ³ǵĹо֮ӦûκεĽ
ʶǣ
ֵ³ˡ
ȻķӦҲԤ֮С
⵽ô£³ˣܰѵʱľϸĺ˵һ𣿡
忪ڵüͷ壬ɫأ֮ǰʱȻͬ
³ڳĦ֮ʾѾȫͬˡ
³ǰ壬˼޵ķʸôضкܴԭ
³Ҳûľϸϸ˵˳
Ǵ³ֻһͨĴɱԷ³ظ·Լʱ䣬书Ҳֻеѡ
³ˣٻһ£Щ֮⣬ǻЩĵط
ʵ
³ɫ΢㵣ܿüͷ˳˼
ˣһ£˺ɫĻ棬Щ˻Ա仯壬òҰް㣬ǵ仯ܴܹڶʱڰθߣƤǱ仯֮ҵĹǵ˺ܶ࣬仯֮ǵ۾¶һɺɫ
½ữ
üͷԽˣڿԿ϶³˾Щˡ
⵽ô£Ϊʲôǻṥ³
д˷ôЩ˺³֮䶼ûκε潻㣬Ӧ÷ֳͻ
壬ôˣ
³ʵ
ϣ
ҡҡͷеһθܵһǡ
ʵЩʲôĵġ
ûнͣ³Ҳû׷ʣüͷǣ
ҵĵǣЩ˴һʼĿľͷǳȷһʼǵĿϵİʲôģ˲֪˲ͨ˰ˣõûаô˾ͲһˣֻгˣŻҪµġ
ˣ
³仰Ƥһ˲ɫ
³ˣ˼ǣЩǳűģ
ţ
³Ӧһȫûв֮ǰȻͬ
䣡
һǣо׹ɲ
ˣ

ͷԺзһ޾ĳȥһֱԸȥ룬һѾװ׵ĳԼǰ
Ϊ˱
ڵĴƳֻ͢һ˲ã
ôЩ˾Ȼʹӹһ𣡡
ΪˣĴˣһ̣ҲоŨҵĲ
ڵĴƣӼȫƿ˾棬šࡢҲͳͳվһߣǰ̫ʱʦƾս뵽¡
ɵЩĪĩպƽǧ˿ƹϵĺˣȻҲʹӹһôû뵽ġ
һһգײβڵʱԶԶôӦϵһ𰡣
壬ôˣ
³ȻӦ˼ģǺܿ죬ƺԤϵķӦһ
Ҳû˵˵˳ֻм򵥵ļ£ȴѾ³𶯣Ĳš
ⷬǴ˵ֻΪں˵˵
⡭ôܻǧʱ䣬һ۹
³۾𺳣˵Ѿȫ
ѾʶǣҲʶܹıȲ˼һлʲôûɵģ
嵭³ڵķӦոսӴʱ򣬼һģһ
ѾǴܶνʲô³Իûףԡ
㡣
˼Ƭ̣ܿϵһУȡһò۵ĺɫУȻ˹ȥ
³ӵĺɫУɻ
һΣЩ˵ĵһжԶʵ㲻㡣ǼȻѾ֣ȴûдĿģװݣһеڶΣжӿ԰ֻҪǿܹǰ֣ǣ
лл
³Ȼ֪ǸӵʲôЩ˵ľһ㶼š˵ʲôʱܾԼһ
壬ԼҲҪౣأڵĳѾǰĳˣ֥˼ʮİ󶼻һͱˡ۹;ûв𾴵ģ˵¾͵ˣǵ
³˵ţ̲ס̾ϢһƵԺбеĴƾӣ󽫣ͨʿȫҪӱĵ۹֮⣬ȨƵĶ
Ϊ˰ȫֹ˱ģչһɱȵʳ룬һڵУһڱɱΪƹܡ
϶Ϊһܵб


1664 ӿ
տʼϵ뾩ʦʱȨİ³ĶȴΪ۹ֵɽĴ
֪У³Ѿ籩ġ
ɱܣܽκεˣھ³Ҫˣ߽ˣҲǲܵġ
û˵³еĸܣβףֻ˭û·ˡ
˵С£ֻģһвŸոտʼƿҪˣ
һ仰³ǡ
³һ䣬һƬžšĬ΢üͷƺ˼ʲô
һ࣬ǰݷ³ʱ򣬶֮еҲͬۼһ

ʱ򣬰һһֻ׺ޱȵĺ࣬ӣ֮С
ոշһֻ׳ģƤƵָɽסֻࡣ
£ոյϢǰ³ĸۡˣ
ʯֻ࣬ǰһ
õӵ֧֣ھۼŴ鱨ԱһЩӸ߾ļǰĵϵڵ̽ӣ¾֮߰࣬ʳ֮Уеķ紵ݶӲ۾
ߣȻȥˣǰ㶼Ⱑ
ϣӷ²ƣ̧ͷ¶һ˿Ц
¼ʱ³ͺ年һĹϵÿ˲֪˲
£Ѿյ³ۣͳͳ岻ΪɣвڼҡճõĹأǿºֹ
ʱףͯҲڵ
벻ǳֶʧˣ鷳ˡ
Уһδ䣬ǰ˼Ȼ֮ǰ˸ʧ˾ߵޡ
жǰڵĿ̽³ظʱضᾭӣвҷֵġ
ʯЩ̽ӣʵ̫ͣױ³ֶߡ
ֻǾ޶û뵽Щ˵ʵȻҲʧˡ³˾裬ʹвڼҵ˱ԽԵóˡ
û³ϵıǽļƻ޷ˡ
޽ŵ
ڣ˲䰲
ô
ʱ򣬴һ𣬴ͻȻˡĿһתҲһ£һĹ
ڼ䣬һֱĿڤ˼ûв˵ۣͺ޹һ㡣
ڴһӵϵĵλӶмӣ˵ˡ
ɱ³ļƻʵǹһʼģžʦɳϣ֮ǰһӣǲ³ĸۡϡ
±࣬ŴӴľӣҪϾ֮λͲܽһ֮ˡ
ȡ³ϵı֮ߣȴΨһļƲߡ
ۣ˵ĵһ仰ôеɲ١
ȻΪңκʱк󱸼ƻֻҪбѡļƻôζ˲̫
һֱĪ⣬Īʼʱ˻ЩڣַͨԼ֪ݣ˶ڹǸӵóϷеĽҲʧ١
б֣ǲܵ󶼻ԼرǼûУҲζǵļƻ޷ִˡؼգִƳãеѾǲóɾ󶼻ıҲó١вҪԣӰҲСϺܶࡣ֮ǰͬŲþԭ𣿡
һ䣬΢΢̧ͷ˴ϷĴӡ
ǴƵĵһ˳λ̳ˣδĴһʥʵѡִƳ͢óıӴӵĽǶ˵ʵȫ棬ӻͬߡôɣֱڲ¶һǡ
Ƥһ£ȴûзϣȻϣ˵ˣҲһԭ
ûбҲһԵֻǻ鷳һЩˡ

ô
ӼҲ룬ѿڵЩȡ仰ͬҲ˵˴˵˼˶ڵȴŹĻش
ǣףˣո˵³вڼңѾ͢˺üӡ
΢΢һЦͻȻŤͷһԵףͯⷬٶ˴Ϊ⣬ףͯɫһ㵣Ȼû뵽ʱԼ
ǣ͢ǱѾͬˡ˵³ڱлͣŲŲڸֲˣеʳԼ
ףͯ
е󳼣ر³س͢ٺ»ǳԴ󲿷ÿյʳȥϹ򡣵³ȴԼĸۡпֲˣԸ㣬ҲǶһˡ
֪³Ǵӽſʼģʼôʵ֮
Ȼˣ¾Ըɣĵڼ

仰ɫһΪ⣬ʲô˼³ƲڼֻһдʣҲһԱ֮һֱڸ֮ۡУò޷ͨԣҲʱ򣬴ӻһ뵽ʲô
ǰ˼ǣ³ڣǽƿر
ӻû˵꣬ͿĹ΢΢ͷΧҲ˲䷴ӳһֱ³ƿ˴ıȨвһţӰҲǳޡˣ³ֱŲǡǡƿرõĻᡣ
ȻɱȲϱҲ˶εѡ
뵽˶ʱһ
³Ҳ̫У֪Щ˵Ӧòڴ˰ɡ
һ˵ţһŤͷӣƺָ
һֻ࣬ǵȻһЦû˵ʲô

³ĸۡŽգԴ³ֱ֮һµһ㣬Χ֮ڶ˿³ۡе˺ٳȥҲý
ʱţ֪˰ʱ֣ɫھմҴҸϻؼʱ³ۡĺţ֨ѽһͻȻŲһ˿϶һС˿һӴ˳
С˷ǳ飬ˣһѸٿӣһϣȷ֣ע⵽Ǳ鸮ġ
Сһ·ؽûκ˵ע⣬ܿ͹սһС
ƹ񣬸׶
С΢΢һЦĴȡöͭǮһſڹ̨ϣ˹ȥ
׶³϶ʱͷǳϲԵһɫСԡ
˾ʦǡ䷢һ̣Ҳ׶ƹǡþԭ϶һģ˫Ϥ˺³ϵ׶̹Ӧ
СѾ̺ܶΣƹѾǳϤ

С˵һ˶׶úװţ˹
Ǻǣƹ񣬽Щ԰ô׶ûƽô͸
С˵
£Щûƽʱô͸
̨ƹ΢ͷЩ˻Ƶ


1665 벶ȸں
Сһ𣬶ʱоЩˣѾһ࣬ƹϤǰԲԼӡеǸƹ
ҲʱĿһƳɨֻںڵԼݵָСһоһ˿ԡ
ǵƹ׶һ˫ƽ׽Уֲڣǳİϸ壬ٺǰоͬ
ԣ㲻ƹ㵽˭
Сһݣ̧ͷȻӦһֻơ˵ͬʱƹ񡱶ĳ֣һֻƺݺݵסĲӣ
СӣһС˶ѣӦ죡
ǡƹ̧ͷȻһ׺ƹһģһ˶ж࣬ȴȫͬ
꣬ûС˷Ӧָһ۶С˵Ĳӡ
һУСһһ̣û˷ӦһƤӦ𣬱˴Լϣ˵Ĺ졣
ܿ죬ִС˵·һд׵ӵȻ뿪ؽԭ·³ĸۡûоκһˣ³Ҳһ糣û˷һСѾˡ

³ۡĺ԰һ԰ˮУϷܶȣ˵ĸо£˹ϡ
Ƴ͢ĹأжƷϵĹۡ丮ۡɳ͢һĹͳһ졣
ֻǴʱ˿̣³ĺ԰УȴһƵľӣľϰڷһҩĵջһ賤֦Ҷïʢ
ʱ˿̣³ľǰһСҩһһˮڸЩԽˮ
³вڼô죬ʼʱȷʵЩӦڣ³Ѿϲƽ
һ³ϸĵγ泤ӲݣڱһЩˮЩԶӵӣ³Ҳоࡣ
Ҳһ֦Ҷˡ
һ껨֦Ҷïʢӣ³һͷݺµı飬ǰεϴ󶼻һ˭ܹĵܹжϸµĸЩݲݽˮʩʣ޽֦Ҷ
ü
³ͻȻڵ
ǣˣ
һŲһ԰˹˫һѽļĵ˹ȥ
³ҲûͷʶĽӹԲݹļڽӹɲǣͻͣһƾͻȻӶߴû˿ף԰ָһָλƬޱȵУмⷺһɫĹâȻ˾綾
԰ɫ죬ŵݼӵɲǣû˿ԥƬ³ĶĻ˹ȥһͻ³ûԤϵõֻһһ̣³һѪۣ԰һе֣ĵ˿˺³֮ľ롣
㵽ʲôˣ
³ź˲ɫ
԰Ǳ³ϵˣԭǸ԰ֻڸ³ŪݲݵʱֶѡΪԼϵˣ³ѹûнģû뵽Լ֡
ǣ˸ոձ¶һȻԼӡеǸ԰
ٺ٣³ˣּˣ
⣬԰Цһ죬ץסӵıԵһ˺ʱ¶һŽȻͬף𺣬׺ݣһΣյϢ
㣡
³ɫ΢䣬һ˲˳֮ǰǴ̣ǰ֮һ
³ˣڵȸϵ𣿲ð׷ˣѾȫŵ
԰Ц
ң
һɲǣ³ɫñޱȡ
ٺ٣һʱһʱѾҵĸǾ綾־綾ɢרſƵ۹۷ĸ֣û⣬ӦѾɢһٹܹ͸ȫеѪ֮УͣҲӲ
Цţ³Ŀһˣ֮Գˣ³˵ЩûԭģʱϵԽɢԽҲԽ͡
³ʵʵ̫ǿһηûе֣³ѣһ֣˲ò²ߡ
Ǿ綾
ĸ֣³Ҳ˲ɫȻαװ԰ȴûϸ˵һݣһǣ͵ĳ³˹ˣֻâһһ㣬˲ʧ֮С
նݣ
âһٳʱѾ³һ򡣺¡𶯣һƬɫ糱Ѹٳ³ϯ
Щľϵҩףĵջͬڣ˲Ϣȫɻҽ
䣡
ͬʱҼ䣬³͵һĳһӴȻӲʮ⣬ݺݵײһڴϸ÷ϣֱӽ÷ײɷ顣
һ࣬³ͬĺɫûȻֻһգۣһĺʧ١
³վԭأȻˣ
ôܣ
һĻʧȫԼ۾ôţ³ȻʵиǾ綾£ȻѹԵʵһɣԵĦ֮κβ
ߣʲôܵģ
³û˿ԥһݣһ̣һɿ񱩵ľƵǵأɽȥ
ɫľɳɣһ֣ɸߵľ˰㣬мݺȥɳʱ򣬻ŷ֮УǸҲᱻ촷ۡ

һĻҲһɫ΢䣬͵سź󷽱ˣԺ֮ܹ³һ
ɾ˰ĽɫײĺΧľܡ衢ˮءɽȫ촷ۣ˷׷ķ˳ȥ
ԣ㲻³㵽˭
ʮһطͫŻ԰е³ɫޱȡ
֮ǰǺ³֣³ս֮
ҵȻ³Щֻᰵɱ޵࣬ѾǺܾˣ
һ࣬԰ǽ壬³վһƬҩ룬Цһ仯ں˴ޱȵĿУһ϶仯Ѹ³仯һס
㣡
ǰŽȻͬףޱȣ
֮ӣ
ж׼ܾãƻܣǶû뵽αװݣǱ鸮ʱǰ³ȻҲαװġ
Ǹʼϲ
Щ޿ײ밡
Ц£á֮ӡĸģҲֻЩյĺˡǶԸԼҲͰˣȴ뵽˳֮У޷̵ģ
֮֮˱鸮ͱ뿪ˣ
бŨɱû˿ԥһ䣬һɰ˲Զˡ
ͬһʱ䣬˱ը˫磬ǿתһһ죬־޴Ӱ
ȻѾ¶ݣٲѸʩչ˴컯


1666 ޣ
Դӵõ̫޼ԪɹŹӡ֤Ĵ컯ֲҲһ¥
Ź֮ɹȻѷһ˷棬ȴѵѡ
䣡
âһΪģһȦȦչͬʱ˷ӵȥ
ޣ
컯һ־ѧ˲Ϣ佫³Ϊ޵
ǰֻͬҪһͿ˲ıķ򣬽еͬȫеһڶԷܵʱ򣬽Է˲ء
ҲǼȿƺնݵһ־ѧ
٣֮ӣΪǾô𣿲³ҲãҲգͳͳ
ԤϣһĻһ˲û˿£Ũصɱ
ɣ
ź˵һ仰³У仯
䣬ը˹ۡܣطһۡͻȻըʯʮ׸ߣЩըУһӰݶ𣬳˵ķ
ͬʱܵԺǽϣŤһӰĿɭͻȻ֣ĿĶź԰е塣
ݣ
ֻգ֮䣬ЩȫʧٳʱѾֻʮףһ飬Χס
նݣ
һĻͫ׶һֻôҴһƳոôһɲǣ߰ʩչնݵĸ֡ЩٷʵΪ³֮ϵ۷󽫼֣кü¶΢Ϣ
Ȼڵһΰɱ³ʧܺЩȡ˽ѵһȫбġ
ܿͻϹֻаյʱ䣬սپɵ
˷ʩһ䣬漴壬ĿܣЦ
֮ӣͶ㲻ǹϽֻҪɵ㣬ǴһǱһؽǡԡɣ
һ仰ޱȡ
䣡
䣬һȺ֣жɴ䣬û˿ˮ
䣬һ춯صıըУʮʵǿĺĬӸ巢

һĺУʮ½ữĹǽڱУͣ𣬻һɺްϢ
ֻһգۣڵ㣬˹ȥ˻δһɹϺɫĻȼգϯȥ
ֻһۣüͷ΢塣
˰½ữӡ½ĻԵޱȣһִɫǰЩ½ữĺˣĻ棬ȴ͸ڡ
Ǻ;ݱ֮ЩƣȴȾݱ֮ӵİҡ
Ȼһ͵֮ǰİ½ữ
ЩͷԺзӶһ̣оһϸ΢ȴƥƿ
Щ½ữ˷𹥻ͬʱĺʩչնݣԼΣյĴնݡֹ࣬ھ󲿷ֵ˵εģǵ۹󽫼ǿߣһܹ϶Էƶ켣˵ˡ
ɵ

һΧܿ죬Ħ֮𡢾ݱ֮½֮Լһƿ쵽µĵźƴޱȵȭ㣬˷ϯ
¡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬һɲǣͻȻһ貵Ĺâһʮߵ¥̻ԻͣͻȻ
¥ȻߣǸ˵ĸоַ·ǱʱʮǧּµУҲ˼Ľɽ¥㡣
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬еĦ֮𡢾ݱ֮½֮ԼһƵȭ䵽ϣ˲䱻ʮߵ¥ȫֵ
ʲô
һĻһ˵ĺҪͣˡû뵽ʮ˵һ۷ĵ۹󽫣еĹȻȫһֵ֮
ֱ˼飬ȫ˵Ԥ֪
٣ʲô֪ⶼûе
󾪺ӦжʱˣЩ˾ȻԼ֮УԼѧɹ֪飬Ϊ⡣ϸ룬֮ек˶ڵصףɾصףѹ˴֪ʲôµģҲֻЩ˰ˡ
ЩһߣôܻȥעЩ飬ҴǵоЩֻԸ³һŲ֪
ЩͷԺһӶܿ죬ͷ˷
¡
ڽЩ籩Ĺֵסͬʱһ̣ġʮ족ʱΪһ޾ĺڶĦ֮½֮𡢾ݱ֮𣬻Ǹֵȭг巢Ĺ˲Ϣ뺣㣬˲û뵽ʮ֮С
ֻһɲǣɾ˵ȫʧ
ǧΪһ̫޼Ԫɹĵط£ûдɹľҲǴɹųµһ湦ھѧԭ
¡
һ̣ʮ족Ѹʧͬһʱ䣬âһھͺһڶͨһ޾Ħ֮½֮𣬾ݱ֮𡭡ȫΪһ뵽˫ɫӰ֮С
һ춯صľ죬һɿµĻԾԺɨ˷ݿ֮ܵĺϯȥ

лصݡһɲǣû˿ԥѸʩչ˴컯ǿһС
Դɹġʮ족˵Ĺټ屾ľʵһֱӴ
Ҳ֮򵽵ģɹ컯ϣɱʵķʽоһĿֲΧһ˵һ¶˼ȿ־ɫ
һȺ𾪺Ϳ־Ļһ̣ϸоһɿռϢ
΢
һȺ˸û뵽Ȼﵽ˾˵Ϊ

ıըУķɨҶһϯܣһ󾪽УЩ˶һ̣ͱϿµĻУһ߷ݰ˳ȥ
䣡
һص䡢ײں԰ȡء桢÷ǽڵȸطһϾ
һ֮ʵͲЩ˿Եֵ˵ġ
ֻһһȺ˾ʮֻ֮߰࣬ʵǿǼ۹󽫼ĺ˻ˣһҲɫ԰ףϢңź԰еǵӰĿгη塣
һ̣ڸе˺£
˭Ҳû뵽֮ӵʵȻǿֵز
֮ǰġˡҲʧȥս˼


1667 ƿȫ֣
ϢƫǸ֪³ĸ֮ۡУ֪˿¡
ߣ
һ䣬ˡһݣȳȥ۹󽫼ĺ˸ҲеͬʩչնݡŸ³֮ۡķݶȥ
һߣֻ·һֿܣ֮ߡ
һ㣬ѷǳϤ
ߣʱ뵽𣿡
忴һĻ¶һ˿Цݡ
³ϮһֱҪЩˣԸǡϸαװɡ³Ҳкüʱˣò¶ԭͣѡ
ޣ
վԭ˿㿴ЩܣҲû׷˼ֻǻһֻƣֱ۱ֱ̽뵽֮С
򵥵һȴסؼϵķؼ˱仯
ЩӵԺǽԵʱͻۡϿգױ仯ӰеЩɢݳȥľȫһֵֻ֮£۵һ㡪
䣡
û˿ףַλһ۹󽫼ĺ˸־ڳǽǰһ̣ͬǣľżһ㣬һӴ͵˻
һĹͬǹӴȻֱ˸ڵͺһ˱Լشһ
һ
һһ˱Ӵأֻ̽еİֻ΢΢ƫתеĺ˾Ȼ˿ѣ˲Ϣ֮䣬ȫء
ⲻܣ
֮ǰˡصײڵϣǰ壬г˲šնݿ쵽㣬û˿Էס£˼߾ߡ
ȻԽӲֱ֮ǵ
ǰǻ𣿡
ЦΪ߳ҳЩˣ³ĸۡ˺ü죬Ȼҵǣѡ
ҹԹ°ɣ
кһһ̣컯һӴڱͬһʱ䣬ֻӿȻһļ
õɹ֮Ĵ컯ƣ΢۷弶ĵ۹Ҳ⡣
ֹ
һϣ
ۼ޷ѣ˸ŭ𣬶򵨱ûܣӸȥ
ߣ۵
վȻ⼸ƴֹȻ޾塣
ϣ
ûЩ˿һʮ족ٴθֻ֣֮ǰ̻ͬԻ͵¥һ֣ΪһɫǹһͶ˳ȥ
֮¾
ǴɹһǿɱУеĹȫһӵ޼᲻ݣƥеһкѣӴ󣬶ҷޱȣҲܲסһ
䣡
ǹͶٶޱȣ׻һ㣬һ˸ɫ󺧣Ťʯ䣬Ϊһϸ˿Ѳ磬֮УҪһǹ
˵ٶѾܿˡ۹󽫼ΪնָӰһ㣬Բ׽Ĺǿ쵽ߣȻȴȻûӹһ
ֻһ춯صľ죬˸ֶķһ˺ѷΣͬʱ־ޱȵĲҺһǹ͵գڼʮԺǽ޴ֹȫ˱ը
һɱ
ع֮УôߵΪҵֵǵĴ֮¾˵˸֡
ߺţ
һĻк˴ʧɫһɱЩͨĺҲͰˣǾȻʥ۷ĸֶһɱ
ɵ
һ۾ˡ˿µʵһп϶͵תˡЩ˲ûܣԽ׺ҲԽ͡
նݣ
Ħ֮棡
޻

һ˸˲仯ΪһΣյķâΧзݡĻԵٴϯһӴޱȣ֮жһΣյĺɫѷ졣
һҪǻˣ΢ĸ֣¶һܹмܵסЩ˻̫͹ʵ
ˣ
û˿ףһΣͬзĭ㣬Ѹʧԭأٶȿò˼顣
ͬһʱ䣬ͣһлѪ𣬻û˷Ӧһ˸û˿ףͻȻѿͬʱһѪеĺ˸֣˲촦һ׷ɳʮ⣬ͷУѪӲӿ
նݣ
ôǵĹ
ⲻܣ

ʯ䣬һƬңеĺ˷ҡ֮ǰеĹԶԶʩչ˴֮
һֱеĺ˲ܵȼߵͣһָ߸ϣԽС߾ĸߵͣһӣҪԭΪǵ书ޱȣ֮Զͨ׵ѧ
ڣеĿȻʩչֻǲеĴնݡ
ں֯ڲµľѧҲֻмٲܵˣܵõ衣
ں˵ǸĴ̼
Ȼһ̣ȴûκεĻӦ
һ֣ɱģ;֡
ͣѪһһ˸ͷһͷصڳС
ŶѧֶԺ˵书ָƣǰЩ˶˵ûκвԡ
ɣ
һնɱ۹󽫼ĺ˸֣¼˾ԽĶˡһɲǣԥʩչ˾㲦ѾĲ
䣬ʯ䣬ʦҵһ£Ƭ³ĸۡΪңԶԶȥֻһɫĽ̫֮ҪǧٱΪһ͵س
һٵأƺ³ۡҪ롣
Բϴնݣֱ绢ſӵ˼¡һնɱʣµļˣֱ練ơ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬ۿǼ˾Ҫ彣£Ȼ벻鷢ˡ
ԺУһһӰŽףͻȻ뵽Щ˸֮䡣
˭Ҳûпô£ͿһɫĽƳ˼ǰ⾪춯صһ
¡¡һ춯صıը֮ͻѸٻΪһԵķ籩ϯ³ۡΪƽأͻĶȣ̨ͤˮ鿣ľȫΪ촷ۡ
ʲôˣ
߰ɿ⣬ɫһ䣬ͣ½ŲŶͻȻֵˣڸոյһɲͻȻоһϤĸߵȼϢ΢
Դӻصʦ⻹һЩ΢ǿߡ
Ȼ书һջٰ
ɿ⣬һϴźɫۣر˫縲ŽףͷϴŽһĽߵ˳棬˵ĵһ仰侲˲١
֮ǰĺ˿ߣЩȫһ֪ǰλȴֹͬʵߣͬﵽ΢Ҷָơ


1668 
ڳһ𣿡
ͻȻڵվһƬ룬ȴų֡Ҳǵһκͺ˴򽻵ˣֵɱĺ˲֪٣Ҳȱһ
ǺǣӦý֮ӣһҲ򶷵ģȻ³ڰбжʧܣʱȻٶ֣ҸȤ㣡
ҡҡͷŶ壬һȤӣ
û㣬ҲãýӵҪ㴫仰
ⷬ΢ɫҲ˲١
˵ʲô
ӡУ⻹ǱߵһԼϢ
¹λȷʵǳ⣬ҲҪ˵̫ˣѾԳԸ㡣
׵ĺ˵
񣿡
֣ʱüͷ
ҲʣʱˣȻҲˡ
׵ĺ˵
ߣʲôʹֻһȺαװĿ֮ͽˣʹж٣һɱһ
ԣЦ
¹ԼǼ¶ˣͬҲԳʲôɵģһЩ˶˵Ǹ߸ϣĪǶ˵ЩװŪİϷûá
Ȼ߱ɣֺξ
ǣ
⣬ɫһ䣬һֻȭסϵĴɽ׼ⳡսڳĺ˰ǰ׺ȫնɱ
Ȼոһ׺˸ӦĿ˲ϵĴɽϣͬʱЩɵȴǺη塣
֪ʵܸߣֿ̽㻹СҪ˶ãͻΪ޴ͶӶۣ
׺˵
𣿡
һЦһ̣׵ŷһƻԵ׵罬пߣŶһȺ˼նȥһɲǣҶԵ׵֯Ժա
ã
Сģ

׵է𣬴޳ʣһ˲䣬еĺ˱ŵһŨҵϢǹɿµޱȣǿĸ˼ҪϢ߰Ľ׺ˣһҲɫ
Ҳͬʱ׺ָһͻȻһ
һźɫķһķͬŷԻֽдɣĳֲ֪Ľ죬ķҲɰдùڻĽ֭ɣǿء
϶𣡡
ʯ䣬ֻ׺䣬żΪصĽȻһȼΪһƬŨҵĺɫ棬ڻ֮УȻһƵâޱȣΪһµķӡǡǹͺһѹסеĺˣȻĴɽն֮ǰļɶݶȥ
䣡
һն䣬ը죬̳ʮ׸ߣǼȴԼٶԽ³ۡԺǽԵһƥ㣬żԶȥ
Ҵˣǻټģ
лصǼһգۣѾ׵ʧ֮С
һȴû׷Щʧķɫޱȡ
⵽ʲôȻܴӴɽߣ
ԶаѾͺ˴ܶνйܶ˽⣬ÿһκǽӴµķ֣ϣ챦ؾְ˴ߵĺɫ嶼ӲӴġ
ںУҲǵһθоǳ
Щ˵ʲôˣ
ԶʱһͻȻĶ𣬲֪ʲôʱһӰӰ߳߶ס˽Ų
ʱʽߵģҲֻʣۡ³ˡ
ôû°ɣ
΢һعתͷ³
ãǰ˵ʱѾѸۡ󲿷˶ǰǲɢǱܹһâڸۡҲͶʮ˶ѡ⣬Щ֮ǰѾʱ丮ĶԼֵģʲôҪرˮ
³һ˵ţһߴӻͳöӡҲҿ͵ӣ³һһеˡ
տʼ֪ЩαװԼе͵͵Ǳʱ򣬾³е൱𾪣롣
ոЩѾ˰ɣ
忪ڵ
ţ
³˵ͷ
ʱҪϣʱʣһһиģ
忪ڵ
κϮʱ³ʵڸ֮ۡУʼգ嶼û֡³ΪʵѾܲˣЩ˵ȴӵأҲӵǿ󣬾³Ҳһ֮ȥԿһ˹϶ǿĲϵ棬Ǻ¡
³һЩˣʵҲǳĺ棬Ȼ˵ˣ㲻׼ʡں֮ĬͶΣ³ţôضԭ
ȻҲ֪׼ʲôǲʲôʱֻҪҪֻҪõҵĵطֱ˵
³ɫ֣أһ˵ţһ߽еķ˹ȥ
Ѿһ䣬ŶʱЩӦòٷϮˣĺԺ֮УҪúһˡ
ݣ
˵ʱʱ죬ʱһ¡¡Զ³ĸۡʱ˹
㣬ˡ
³࿴һۣܿ쳯Ű֣͹˺ܿ췭Ժǽڳִ֮ǰǰ뿪³ĸۡ
˵ͷʵ̫أڵ֮ǰ岢ֵ̫

ʱȥص֮Уһڴа˫΢գ΢ͷһĬĬ˼š
ԴӻصʦԽԽƵϲַʽ˼˶³ϮȻʱһ䣬Ƕ˵һлԶûн
ʱһͻȻӶд΢ſڵķҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һյĽŲܿӴķ
үϢ
Ŵ򿪣һӰͷһеż㣬ҴҵŴ
ոյϢжˣ
ȸɫޱȡ
飿
ȸĻüһ£Ҳ͸ող̫һ
̽ӣЩ̽廨ţоеģҲɽеģұ鲼е̽Ե֮𣬾ȫӥ
µ̽࣬̽ӣֻ飬ҲǷ硢֡ɽݱУֻɽҪġֻǺӥһ£ӥģȻǽĻһ˿ִȥ
ÿһ鶼;һ㲻׵ҲôƵĸ崫Ϣֻ漰ԸڣһЩǳҪϢŻ㱨
˵
忪ڵֻ˵һ֡


1669 Է糾ã
շ鴫ϢҴڴӸٻҵӣһЩңڿչһЩԣԼиӵʣƺѡһЩӵܡ
͢йأҴ˽ܳһǧˣЩѡѾûôƵˣһΣǵϢͬʱչֲԵĲʮңԽ֮ʵڵӾҲûгֹշõ鱨ȺӶ˻ʹ֮С
ȸͷ
ⷬ嶸ıɫ
ֻɽĿзҪʦеϢεϢȻЩһ
¼Ѿ㾡ȫȥֹӵıͬʱЩҴ壬뵽ⳡ֮У㾡ȫɵסһЩҴȨ̰֮ġ
¼ӵļƻʧܣЩ˾ȻͶ˹ȥ
£嵱ĵڷ
Ϊδļ̳ԼҪһ㣬û㹻ı߸˵
ڣڽЩԼĴңǱ鲼ݸӴֳʵԼ
ʹǽ֮أʮκϽ룬ļӴӵѾǷˡ
鵽еϢ𣿡
ʵ
ûУ
ȸҡҡͷ
ǵһֱû뵽УҴ½еķǳأǵʱûκϢ
ȸ
ȸĻ΢΢üͷʥڹһƬң̫๬Ůı䶯ǳƵЩѲܡʱҪ̽ӣԼܽеļƻԽס
зһκϢ㱨ԲҪðͷҲҪж
ڿڵ
ӵõ߾˽ʯ֮ڴб֣µļԾ˵ٶ
ҸյϢʯȻǸ߾ˣڻӥȸԼ̽Ϣȷʵ˵ı¡˽£ڿչҵİսȸҲоѹˡ
ϾʯģĴӡ
ңôŲµĶĿʯܹԸٶȣĶĿ
ȸ츳ͬѾǷǳͽܳˣǽʯϾ˶ʮ꣬ŷḻѵľ飬һȸǺЩࡣ
ȸܿ뿪ˣڴгĬΣ漴վתߵǽǰǽϹŵľʦͼȻĻʹԵ˸ɫıǡ
һѾ޷⣬һ籩Ѿʼһ̿ʼʦԽԽΣա

ʦеսòܣһǰδеľ޴籩ǿĵ۹Ҳʱĸۡӭһλ벻Ŀˡ
֮УԷ糾
Դϴ֮ѾжʱûмԷ糾Ϊʥ׷ʱ򡣶Է糾Ը߰һҪ飬ٻȥĸۡ
һſ̴ľУԷ糾˫ɽͦ͸¶һŨҵѪ˵ķɡֻǺͬԷ糾˫ü壬΢ͷ­һصӡ
Դˣ
ż߽Է糾к
ү
壬Է糾Ҳæվ鿴˲١
Դˣʲôˣ
ûйĺѣְֱڣкܶҪ뿪̫ãԷ糾ǱҲͶƬ̣ܿ͵÷ػʹ
ʵҲû̫飬ֻ÷Щ飬Щ벻ףϣүܹҲıһ
Է糾ڵ
Է糾£Է糾˵ʹֵʱԸܵԷ糾Щ̫һһֹ˼صӡ
˵
ɫԷ糾˽⣬ܹԼԷͬһ㡣
еԽԽƵһߵıȽϽǱһ̫ϲҲ֪һ㣬ڹеʱҲǰͰ࣬˿иǰ죬дҪ֪Ӷҵ̬ȣԻ߶ӵѣ֮ǰҲ׼죬ȴЩ⡣
Է糾˵˶٣һ£ŵ
û˵ʵֹǺ¼֮ǰԸЩ̿ͣûԷ糾İͲܳɹƾ飬ǱҲӦѾԷ糾Ϊжд̣ҪһѰγˡһ˵ǱκεĶκε⡣
˼У죬ȴⲻѡʱеĽֻ֣ܹʮַ֧ϳսĴͳĿвݣʵĿʹѾкܳһʱûнˡҲѾܳʱûвˣֻ˵йоأĽȴ˴Ϊ⡣
ұΪӻ˷ѣû뵽ӷǵûôУľӺݺһ飬˵棬һ˵ѧϰ˵ʵӵ˵һ٣˵һǴеôȡ
Է糾˵˴һ˫üͷøˡԴӵĿޣһǵ˵ݺݿԷ糾˵ֱ
ԣҲüͷӳ˵ⷬȷʵЩ
أ
忪ڵ
ûк¼ǰǰ󣬿ļУûʲôͬºʲôҲûз֮ҲûΪ
Է糾
Ŷ
һԷ糾ΪʲôԵأԼˡ۴һⷬٶԵ̫ˡ
Уܿ˼ž΢ͷ˳˼һԵԷ糾ҲȥţһĬĬĵš
ڵĴƣǻۣûбˡܶôŨҵţƺһһ۾ܿĺĴֹۺͱԣҲڴκν춼޷ƥеġ
ʱ仺ȥĳĬڵҲѹ
㲻صģʱڻʲô顣
֪˶ã̧ͷڿڵ
ĻԷ糾ڳһʲôֻҪô˵Ǿһ̫롣
⣬ⱾҲ߰ɣϸһ˵δܶ
һ˵ţһߴԱߵһȡһᣬ˹ȥ
л
Է糾ӹǱ飬Ҳûϸܿ뿪ĸۡ
Է糾뿪֮Ҳ̴ľվſյĴзһ̾
ϣҶˣ
һ˵ţһתȻǽŵͼУŴƽλãһɫıǡ
ǴƵһŻҲػʥҪһؿ֪ʦڣֻܽΪ˱
Է糾Լߵ̫Ը޵飬̣Ҫ³ϵİ黢ֵ
ֻϣһֻԼ룬ӵҰĻûдﵽһ


1670 
Ȼ֮һʱ嵭ⷽ˼ǡ
³岻Ϊɣڸʱ򣬴Ա¹ش󣬲ֵԭɣڳ͢ǿͨᲦһµѡȡ³λãݴһְ
䣿
֮УյϢҲüͷ
ӵжĻҪö࣬³Ϯϱܵ죬ŸոաڼңӾȡλáȻһְϵش󣬶³ҲΣǴҲְܰλݴһְȫԵġ
ңַͨʽҲһԴﵽԼĿء
ģǡ䡱֡
벻һֻصԭĹ
һɲǣüӹһ˿
֪䣬ڱ֮Уһӵʱ䣬Ŀ꣬ϱλáֻϧսʱҲֲλڱΪԼлᣬû뵽³һţܴɡ
ѾʮˣչأԽûпˡԵӾһ㣬ļԼߡڴߣһҪĽɫ
ԱԼķ棬ǳ˽⣬ûп䣬ӵҿ϶ûô׵ĽС
ûбûа취׵ĵûа취ҪôԲŻ뵽𣿡
ͷа
Ȼû³ϵıͨȻԱ࣬˵ִﵽЧ
ĻֹԸȽϱ塢ͣھеʱ򣬾˵ͷ£ʹ̣֮˱࣬ɽ׸ģף͢Ǳ߷Ҳйϵ
οôĲ⣬ȴôı飬ȴһһεʧڿѻԲŵºұɱԼأô
ÿ˳ϴλã֪ٵѪң³ոвڼңԾһ㡣ھ³³ǱҲͬˡ
Щȥˣ
ͷż㣬ܿվʦеһһӦӲϾҲóȥɢɢˡ
ȸ׼һ
ǣү
һܿӵƬ֮Ľɫͼܿ뿪
Ǻ«Ǻ«ֺóԵǺ«
͹٣ҵģҵĺʵҵľԲд
ˣʳ¯ӣ

ʦ֮УһֵĽϴ˷֮֯һƬ֡ڼĶҺΣգȫһ֪
뵽˴̲סгһ̾Ӵڣհҵְ͵龰Ѿ֪ά˶೤ʱ䣬⣬еΣգЩ޹İգԼһһس佫ǰͺ̣Ҫά顣
ȵ֮ңʦѪǰһУΪޡһ뵽ипѣҲԽļᶨ
һҪֹⳡѣ
а
ʦĿĵתһȦԺ˼棬˲Ϣ֮·ǧ˼ϸӣֺʲôûСֻجج֮Уʱ仺ţȵعʱѾʻ˾ʦ뿪˳ſڡ
ߵߵߵ
ͻȻһ᲻ص洫

عӦһ䡣
ܿ죬ľŴ򿪣һϤӰ糾ͣһ磬ĶݿǱãȻһ£ͦͶȻȻ¶һ£ӳⷽٵȡ
ǳеس֮ȣҲҪѷɫһڳضᾪѣΪǰӰǱˣյְؾʦִ󽫾İ󶼻֥
յڣѾȥܳʱˣ֥Ӧ͵ִˣ֪ΪʲôֱڲϢ
õ˰ɡ
Ŷ壬֥ڵܳһʱû棬ǰӡȣ࣬Ҳ࣬ü֮䣬͸¶һ˿أƺصӡ
Ȼ򣬵Ǹ֥Ҳ֪ѹأ۹ϵãµеѹȫѹһ˵ϣر£ѹ͸ˡеʱ򣬲رȥĻ᲻ĺԵ廹ֻһʮ˾ˡ
Ҳ͸յһ
ǰͻȻֵĸ֥΢΢һЦ֮û˿ľ⡣ʵϣյ˸֥źصġ
أ

ʦ֮˶ӣѾһ·ؾʦұǵĽų̿һЩλ֮Ҳõˡ
֥ڵһǳ͢һǳ͢һȹͬʱ˻Ǿ֮ӵо޴Ӱĵ۹󽫣˽µĻǺ׸¿ʵġʱǨеһж˸ı䣬УѾ˹֮սĻˡ
أ
ʵеķȻǷⳣˣ֥ͷⳣų꣬ƶ֪۹˫赡ϲ뽹һλ֥ȴûпⳣټ
һλؾҰ򣬵һа׵ٷؾʦ
Ļ֥ĬƬ̲Žŵ
ԴΪ⣬ܿ췴Ӧһ仯̫ˣ󶼻λñóž֥Ҳܱ⡣
һֱһԶʳ۹ĺɺһ͸֥սѪͽʿòȡĴƬǰҪôع鵽˴ʳ۹УҪôһƬҡ
֥˶İ󶼻Ͼĸ飬ȻأбϾǷĲ£ѷⳣ˺󷽣־档Ȼ߳٣ƾԼеĶӰ죬ⳣҪƿغ󷽣ȶľƣӦòǶ⣬ϾⱾǿ
ˣô
ĬƬ̣֥ܿ쿪ڵ
ѾȶȻֹۣΪֹϵĶԻûڲϻ޷жҺ׸еƣϳϵ飬Ƕ͵ˡ
忪ڵ
紫ţ֮ǰݷùǴλ̸ƺɢ֪𣿡
֥ʵ
һ˲䣬̣ڣһƬš
֥ĻʱĬȻ̸۵֪ʲô

һûشʱһ̾Ϣ̧֥ͷ겻ѣ
Ҳһﶼͬ뷨
ȻûпڣǶڸ֥˵һɵʱ򣬱Ѿ˵⡣


1671 ̫ξ
벻ʥ̶ʱڣ۹Ȼݱ䵽ֵز
һɲǣ֥̾Ϣ鸴Ӳѡ֥Ƶʢʱ˵Ǵʢĵ֮һܹͦ򣬰򣬸֥Թû
Ȼʱ±ǨڴҲ¶˥ܵļ󣬵һ۹ʼңҲĿʼһ㣬֥˭ס
һжֻǴţ޷֤ʵǱ߶жһֱĪҲ޷ȥࡣڵĵ۹Ѿ̫飬֮ǰǱ߻Ҫñɿȡ³˵λá飬㲻ǣҲλѲ˹ϵ
ڿڵ
һλ̫ļˣϾʥѪ֮²չôȥ
һɲ֥ҡͷ̾Ϣѡ
ˣҲͲˡôܵڶûз֮λ

ʺ֮ҲͲȰبԶˣܹºһЩլʺ񣬼ûкǿʥʳӵʥҲͷ̫֮λҲ÷Ҫټࡣ
ֻϧӸͲˣФѾ˵⡣
ڿѾ֮ˣڵģһвŸոտʼһлԶûнһȻ򣬵ֻҪȥεܹȶȶ󷽣ҵؾʦҲ̫ԹԡҴ£˵ĵʧǺҪ
ֻĴӵ͹˴ʳ۹Ұģ֮ǰѾõϢʳ۹ѾЩˡһȻ˺ɺϾûн͸ʳ۹Ԫд棬һΣʳٴң治֪˭Եֵǣ
֥пѡ𲻾֮ǰǳսۣ֥̲סٴοǰһۡ
˹֮սͺɺ֮սһ¥ܶ˶˵սǵ۹֮赣ΪڣӮⳡս
ֻи֥֪ǰ꣬ԮԼ׿ıǳսѾˡ
ƾһ˵ʵܶԿӵа˹֡ײЩĴʳ۹
սϣ궨񣬵˳ã۹ѹٴξۼļϣж³̣ŵֻ֣֥ԶԶ˵ȴľߣûĴڣ֥۹ʲôӡ
ڵĵ۹֮κʱ򶼸Ҫǰ꣡
֪Լûз֣ѳΪ۹ġ
Ҳһؾûаչн볯ãӺڳ㱨˽»ԭ
һƬţҲĬ
һ̣Ӵĵ۹ʢʱӴλ۹󽫶оһǡʵϣֺγǱнǣֻǰ˶ղ
𣿡
ʵ
ţ
֥ĵ˵ͷ
һֱΪ㶼Ը⣬ֻҪ룬ҺͱеĽʿȫ֧㡣
֥˵ţӻͳһ׼õż˹ȥûп뻳С̣֥ҲûʲôҲûд򿪿ƺγĬ
֥ǷŽ壬ܿʹ򿪳뿪ˡûоκˡ
͸ȥһλˡ
̧ͷԺһͷܿ죬ꤣųǳصһȥ
ؽӿУִһ¥
֨ѽ
Ŵ򿪣һ˳ͷǰһͨͨľ¥שҰɫߣֻж¥Ϲŵһ˾죬׺֣Ƚޣ촦ڰߣЩͷˡ
֪һƼң
Ŀӹϵңĸ׭ӳһҷǳͨľƼңھʦ֮УľƼҳǧ򣬶ǹЩǺܸԣͨʹõġ
ƼĲȼ۸񣬴󲿷ֶ񣬼Ǯܳһ뷹ˣĲƷȻ¥һĿ࣬ºÿȴҲǳɿڡ
ӣҪͲ𣿡
ŸոճſڣһͷһɫëСӭȥĿ壬Ե÷ǳ档ѰճľƼңƽǾʲôӵܣҴ壬̾޼ֳġŻһͲǻˡ
ţ
ӦһܿŲȥ
СȻûϳݣѰչעĶʳסУ̫ȥڹעϵ飬û۽ʶҲ
СҵĲôûϣ
ͷӣȻ־ƺˣȥ
ƹ׾ƣţ⣬ߣ

¥ڣһƬӣھ¥һߴУһߴܡ
¥ڵĲûôװҲ󣬵ǿȴǳɾʱСŪˣҲܿеҵȥɨǾһ̸Ц̣ｻЩʱκŶȵ˵棬ȫڼһ
忴һĻҲֻ֣΢΢һЦȥ
һžһ¥¥ڶ¥һУڿǸˡ
һֻĳҵСӣӿǳϾɣܶط䣬¶ֲľά棬˼ӣҲֻͨͨļˣܲţϽһСˡ
һλݵߣɫĲۣһ˫ľ꣬һڲˣһСƣȻ΢΢۾ݣһ˷ǳܵӡ
߿΢ЩŹ֣¥УʵѰʳˡ
Ŀӹܿһöɫͣ
Ӧþˡ
ţܿ˹ȥ
壬̫ξ
Сľԣ幪һ
һɲǼ䣬ľʱͣ˿С
ԭһСãĿһ˵ʱ⣬һɲǣ̫ξ֣ŲƵϣһ͡
һɲϸ΢ı飬ԽȷеĲ²⡣֮ǰ˺ܾãߵ֪֪ףҲţǰλӳƽ̫ξȻ˳˳ã̫ξְλȻʵʱѾϳˣ˵Ǳ
ǰλڳȻӵӴӰĳЩ棬үүŹƥС
֮Իע⵽飬Ϊһεı֮
ԼǿȨʱ𶯣Ӷվ˳ָԼ⵽¿ʷʱڳԼ֮Уȴ൱һִ󳼺ûмС
֮ԻΪǰλʮ̫ξ
̫ξԹֱУѳԽνı̫֮ξ˵ƶԴֻһ㣬ڴԼǷνıŵ̫֮ξ˵塣


1672 ̫ξ
̫ξȻѲڳУӰȴǳӴԼӵӰ£һֵĳּĬⱾѾ˵⣬ңγ౻żȥĴ󳼣кܶ඼̫ξ̫ξһǶҲմȾһЩ̫ξֱָԡ
Ŀǰ´ͬΪΣϵͬԴ˵ǾԲܽܵģĳ̶ֳ൱ͽȻ޷ڳǡ
̫ξһϵֹֻ֮ǷֱֻȻҲ̫⡣
ˣ̫ξӰϾڳҰȻӵкܴӰ죬ӺǱߣҲ̫֡Ҫȡ֧֡
ľѳ֣ļƻУҪֹⳡң޴Ҫõλ̫ξֲ֧ɡ
Ψһǣ̫ξںܾ֮ǰʹ״̬ⷽ浹Щƴƾֻ̫У̫ξѾ¶ģٸԤ͢е飬ĵһѰİա
֪һƼңǾʦѰվۼĵطֻ̫ξܸоĳֺ;ʦմһƬǵо۹˥ǿĸо
һسҰ⣬һ̫ξǰҲҪֹ֡ά𾴣̫ξȻϲֱ·˵һѰߵĸо
ʥʵ󶼱ԥľܾ˵ˣҪİͬƹ򣬸Ԥе飬ô򵥡
ˣڸ˵ǲǵʧķ裬ֻһͷӶѣ̫ξ
ֻǶһ£ܿعľ꣬һˣСƣСɫŰĮ˵ʱһģǧ֮ĸо
ֻһκ˳Ѫİݷб顣ȻԺյݣҲǷǳܻӭġ
⣬СӣﲻӦóֵĵطգȸ¥ݻĵطЩүȥĵط

ǺǣǰΪҲǰε󶼻ΰݷǰҲΪ˹¶
һˣѴùˣȴǵȻһЦһ񣬽ŵ˿ꡣ
Сӣ㲻ǰԱţϷ֪㡣
¶̧֣ͷ΢΢һ¶ŨŨУ
Ҫ£Ӧý̫͵ͳ͢ǰسֵܵطһͷ˵
ԣǰ϶Ĳ̫ξӦ˵ʲô֪ᵽ̫͵ˡ
Ԥϣ巴ЦߵķӦѾ˵һУ٣ߵĻشѾڱˡ
ⷬߣ߸׼ȷ˵̫ξɫһͣȻû뵽һ˵
㻹ǲҪ׷ѾˣϷ֪ЩǣǸûõģڼʮǰҾѾ˳˳ãٹʳе飬ôûƹԲҪʲôֻʧ顣
̫ξ
ǰλȻб֮ǰһо͵ʱٷʲôҲûá̫ξ˵ˣʲôжûõġ
Ұ֮УЩͣ˽˶Ӧ֪ԸֱϲϲϲǲϲԸԸ⣬Ը˶ûã֮ûճֵʱͰǺߣվԣ˵ô໰⻹Ϊ֪һ㣬֪ǰ겻ĻأӬӪ֮
Ҳˡ
㻹ǿ߰ɣ
һ䣬̫ξֱ´ҲĮ˲١
ǰԸ֣ҲǿҪ˵ʦѪɺӣҲڴأǰҲν𣿡
Цݣһɫ˵仰Ķǰ̫ξ
Сľԣ̫ξһֱǾǧ֮⣬ҪϽ뿪˵ⷬһ̣̫ξžƱָһ¡
ԭһ壬˵ʱҲûп壬ǵ˵һϯ̫ξ̲ס̧ͷŤͷ塣
Сӣ㵽˵ʲôʦǴҪ֮أѪɺӣ˵һϷʱ򷴹һ
̫ξһص
״΢΢˿̫ξֻ꣬Ҫ漰ϵ飬һŶǲģⷬ޷ݣǿ¾ĸ޷˵ˡ
Ƿ̫ξ˼Ѿִ¶޶ԵĵزǿԼҴˡ
ԣһ鵱ȻӰ쵽ʦǹ͢ԺĿأ
忪ڵ
䣡
䣬̫ξȴǻһ׻˵ɫ֮ǰȻͬ
ˣ֪˵ʲô𣡶Ҳ˵𣿡
̫ξ
Ȼ˵ޣ͸©ϢȴκΪ֮𶯡Ŀ˵ǻʹԺ֮УлҪ߱ϣ췴ԶȻ֮ĶҪصĶ飬Ӱ֮κΪ̸֮ɫ䡣
ֻҪǺʹմߣ֪жҪͷأ
ǰԣûȷ֤ݣǲô˵ģҡǰҲõģѾʹΧ˸ǵ̸

棬ͼı췴ʵ̫ˣǿڴͥ۵顣ڵΪѴﵽ˾ϸ΢Բٿĵز˵ʱѾٿգʹ̸֮û˿
Ļ̫ξ΢΢滺ɷǳѿ
˵
̫ξָָǰλãڵ
Ϸ֪ԣǾӵܣʥʵϷҲĲ㡣
̫ξǰ壬һ
ǲ˵ѣ̫ξ˿⼸Ȼһ֪
忪ڵһ˵ţһߴӻȡ׼õĶ˹ȥһţһǷմѪ̫ξŶ壬¶һ˿ɻ
Ǹʿ߹ģ
ֻһ仰̫ξ˲ɫ

֪һ¥峤һ׼ʿ飬Ǽ٣̫ξȻһ֪ʿ£˵⡣
һţò׵õһӺһķŽźȻ沢ûеʯ֤ݣôʷǳɣ̫ξľͼʶ岻᲻ʲô
飬òȥϸ˵ˡ
ܿ뿪֪һ¥
ȥǼˣ
а֥̫ξ֮ء


1673 
ꤣܿصûоκˣ̯֮һѩ׵ֽʼϵëʣմմīѸڰֽд
ʱ仺ţû֪дʲôֻ֪̳˰ʱ
ȸ
ëʣ
ү
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ȸܿ湧˽
һǳҪҪȥ
һ˵ţһָָָдּֽ
ȸʶĴչȥֻǿһۣסˡ
ֽϵּ飬дȫһȸƺЩӡ󣬵ȴһͷˮ֪ʲô
ү
ȸ̧ͷǰ壬ɻ
Щ˶ʡһЩ⣬һЩǳ͢ˣҪ㾡鵽Щˣȵʱ죬һٸһΣһҪ֤Щ˵İȫ
忪ڵһ̣Ŀޱȡ
֮͢ҡ飬һε鲻ͬǳƽ֮ǰƸܲסŵҡ
˵ֹӹȻҪҪģЩⳡ֮ܵĴƾӢǡ
ֽгЩ֣ȫǶԴƷǳҪ˲ţǺܶ˵ĹλܲǺܸߣǵ֣ʦеİնţȻӴϵ˿һÿ˶޿Ĺؼá
˾ǱģֻһƷСھʦ־Ƽĵطľһ̶֥СĹְǵȵλ˾Ǳ֮ܵ˾ȻһƬңݸЩѻɽƷľȻûһ˿Դ˵֡Ÿݸﶬˡ
еһȫ׵ʱ˲ͻȻ˾λĬĬţǱһʮСϣȻź츳ͲܣȻܽеĵþЭ£еһһȥƱһϵĲ
֮УλֻΪԴӣܵǣ
˾Ųߡܡֱλ͡ɿ˾ڲֱܾ֮ǲ֪λƷײǺܸߵĹʲôá
һֱһϽİ취ȥ˸طĹҴЩвܵˣЩɳٻ⻪
ͬǳʷǰܵ
󣬳͢ҲԹǵķϣķȥɸѡάӴ۹תĽȴѾ⣬ûѡγЩвܵˣõطϵһƬңӴĵ۹һĻһɬͣת
˲ţкܶܶࡣ
ڴһתʱûлر⵽ЩˡǵȵЩ뿪ȱʱ˲ŲһǶôܿɹ
ˣǧƣƻкܶܶ࣬Ҳֻ㾡ȫȥԼܼģǺˣʧЩƾӢȣϵҲֻ΢һ֡
һ֮УͬҲٸ꣬ܵǣʵ̫̫ˣ
ȸܿ뿪
˵ĲǺϸǺʵϵ֣Ҫϲٵʱ䣬һ·ţȸѾ԰Ѻ飬Ҵ׵ˡ
ȸ뿪֮󣬴ʱٴΰ
عͷǽϣŴƾʦĵͼ˳˼ʯ䣬ͷԺз˭Ҳ֪Щʲô
һĽȻһлԶûнؼ֣˫֮ĽȴѾʼˡ
һ壬һλƾս
ҲһսҲóˣ
һ̣žʦͼ϶λãӹһ˿Ĺâ

ͬʱʹ֮Уƿڶһͷͷ͵ĺ಻ϵĴӶ֮зɽɳʱϿգѾΪ˶һɫ
Զࡰʯ뵽£ϢƵࡣ
£ոյϢ֥ǰ־Һ˽¼һ档
ֽһֻ񣬽ʯתܿ칪ߵǰ۵Ĵǰ͸֥ⷭȻҲ൱ȡ˻ȻѾأȻȻûλ½Ķ
Ϊ߾۹ĴڣһλȻҲܹ֮ϸ΢ѼܶϢ
Ŷ
仰Ƥ΢̧ͷɫһ䣬漴һ˫üͷֻɿ
ߣһ㶼Ⱑ֥ıȨһ㶼û
˹֮ս͸֥սɹֵ˴ʳǸ˲صĴۡڳҰȻܳ٣Ĺ裬Ƕڴ˵Ǹʱ𣬾ζ϶һҪˡ
ôˣ֥Ǳߣȥ𣿡
ĿһתֱܿߵһӰһİףߴ߳ңɫڳʾ͸һ־þ˪ĸо֮䣬â䣬˷ǳǵĸо

ߵĶȻڴߵʱ䣬ԶףͯǶڴȴǼġ
֮Ľɣرǻӣһ漰ᳯֲԼ·֮󣬺пܾͱϳݣΪˣѺ˸ǿܵġ֮ǰ͢ӵ˾Ըࡣ
ǴӣҲΡ
ףͯ˶ǴӵұۣΪ˱ӣ˰ѱӴӺܾ֮ǰͰԼϵ飬Ľ죬ǡ
ҲΪڱ紵ɹ壬ɫڳ
·񣬺ףͯҲȫͬ˵ףͯΪã϶ٻһûζôΪˣÿ򽻵ĶЩѪľ齫ʿҪĶࡣ
飬Ӳ̫ԥҲԵɡֻҪܴﵽĿ꣬ٴҲӲں
ˣһǴӵġ桱Ӵϵ飬һǡ桱ȥһЩݣϸٳȴֲòȥ顣
ӴؾʦףͯһǴӲģ˴Ѿ˵ڴ˵ĳʱѾˡңҲҲù˼ɹеλˣ
֥оɽʱȻھʦ
ͼ΢۾˵ʱƤ֮֮խȫֲ壬Ǳۻۡ
ʦڣšȻˣǾȥһϰɣگ̫Ӹ޷ﲻǸոռλǰϲۣگһξ͹Ҫ취گ𣿵¾͸֥Ϊʹ´°ɡûаףػ¡£һ֮ڣ֥ҲӦûزʦ˰ɡ


1674 ÷粨һ
֮ս޷мƣϺͨˣ֮һֱԲѣôʱ䣬ڻȥˡ
ڶگ֮У޷ӵмӰ죬ʵϣگڸ޷ͳϣǿģ¼λ̫ӷ٤죬̫ᣬȻļλΪگ۹һľڶگڲȴ飬λԶûôι̡
ңһε֮ս۹֪گ֡ѡŪûȶͻֵ˻ҪΣա
һΣ޷Ͼ˵ƲӦôλᣬӦóŵĻᣬûѹگ
٣ҲҪگԺ޷֮ǰ֮սһУٴαѴơ
壬³޷ʤְλһֱگ֮ûʲôĸ֥õѡңһҲԳ׽ʦ年
ЩͷԺһӶкܿ⣺
ãôָͨɣ
ԶʧֻһСС⣬ͳ׵Ľ˸֥ǱڵĻڸ֥ڵĳãûҲû³Ѿû˸ҷԴӵظ֥㲻ԸҲһ޷
£ӳüչࡣ
ˣ֪ͨŷǱߣѸЩˡ⣬ÿɡ
ӵ
ǣ
һߴ͵ȫңܿת뿪˴Ƭ֮һĽŲܿ⴫
⣬һӰͦأܿż˽
䣬μ£
Ӱһ񣬺һ㣬
ѭȥǰֻµӰݸ㡢Ȼһϳɣֻǵ˫΢΢̧¶һ˿εϲмҰĵʱ򣬴ӵǶʱ¶һ˿Цݡ
䣬ıɣ
ֻҪлǿҵҰģôԺԼǿı۰
䣬㱾һţ
ָָǰ
⣬ףͯһ£ڳϰѿһ׵ʵɣ
ƾٿȻǰ϶Ѿ˸ҷԣǳгõĹأҪʵ黹뾭õ飬һ˳̲ſԡ
޹زɷԲڱִϣǴҲһԶϣߵȻߡ
ǣ£
ףͯһжѾ׵СµȻ⡣
л£
΢΢һЦܿǰ棬Ҳ¶һ˿Цݡ¾㱸ֻǷ磬ֻҪܹϱλӣôһоͻ˳˳ˮûǰܹͨԼı


תƣܿһȥδĽӣŻʳǵķȥһٹٳʱ䡣һ漰鷽棬еʱܴܶ࣬һֱ۵
࣬˳
ϣһ죬һ߿ܿ쳹ãټ̫͵漴һƬ
£б࣡
ڼž֮УһͻȻֵλãһĹֳͭ˰壬ܿӰ֮˳
£ö£ÿҪ鷱ӣǱ³΢޷ְ΢飬ȻпһɣϾԲ˳ϣ½³ʵ

һ仰ϵնʱ΢Ŀ׷˰ǰ˵ıɿ䡣
˭֪ҪƼ飬ԴӵƺӰ죬¼ǰ϶ڵ糯飬ǹΪ֮
ǰ˵ĿⶼԼ䵹ǲŲæϾʮϳҲǼʶ˵ġ
лŴ˺񰮣ĳǳ»޷ʤδλã죡
Ӱ߳һⷬ˵ĵҲԴǣ˶ֻ֪ǫǰˣڱʮϳ鶼ָƣǳǷȱҲǷȱ
ɴǫˣ³Բ۹ڱ֮У˭ܱȵùߣ֮£ǳ֮͢أɴΪѣݴһְºʹƷǣ
Ȼܿһ󳼴Ӱ˳һ֮󣬶ŵϵĴӵ
ϣӱĮޱ飬ȴ΢΢һЦڵһȻŵģ£һȻ˳˳ˮֻҪյĳһλãȻ˳һ˸ҷ
³ʱˣҪسãҲ΢ʱ䲻ӳ
״˲ǫ飬ĿáˣΪأ
Ŀһתܿ˰еһţվǰʥʱָ
λƵ࣬۾һֱ΢ţƱշǱգԶȲе뷨ʱӵָڻ̧ͷ
ϳΪ˵Ӧӣ
ָ˵߲ͣǾôһ䲻ʹĻϾΪµ춨˻
дλͷû˵ķԣλȻҲôˡ
£ԣ
ʱһȻڴ仰Ȼһ䣬ʹϵĴҲɶıɫ˹ȥ
յĳᣬ˶֪ǴҪο䣬Գϵڳ󲿷ֶĬѡĬϡڵĳãһ죬˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ˸ʱȺ棬涥ײӡ

ֻǿһۣ˳ʱڷԵˣǱˣǱԱɻһݣǰ϶󽫾
αǹˣ³ʦһͨϣͳԭı൱һֵľɲ˾ʦ֮һ
³ѻŵɵλãΪԼұֻۣ󱻱ˡ
ƵδУ˱ĽˣΪսҪ£һЩܳĵͼʿٽз֮⣬ʦеĹְô׶ģˣ³ͬˡ
³ҲֻܸһԱɵְλڱλȻҲͣȻڿ֮¡
³没ڼңȴΨ˻ڳϣֻڣ³Уƾһ˵Ļڳǰ»΢ᡣ
ôĵӣ˼״ѵȿ״˸𣿣
Ȼ䣬һӰӰ˳һ˫Żޱȡ˵ȴǱˣһԱ
Թ䣬佫ڱ¶ĹͣĹٵһһ֧ǰõͷ֡ԱʻҪȱȵĶ࣬ϾжǨȨ
ڵǴӺƿأԱǳ⣬ȻҲ˴еĲáڸոճеĿ䣬Ȼվһû˵һͺڳޱȡ


1675 ÷粨
յĳᣬеףҲ֪Լδһְֻû뵽Ϊ׾ٵ飬Ȼ֦ڡ
ˣƶֻһССıԱɶѣƾһ֮޷˶á
³û飬ͣ
ô˵ضԭ򣬿Ϊ˲˵꣬жҲ١
ͻȻڵ
ˣС£Żô˵ضԵɣҵԸŸ߼
һ仰Ťͷ֮еĻƽͣ¹ʣֻǾ£Դ֮У͸©ȴһķâȻܸһŷ˵Զô򵥽ٿǾԲŹġ
ߣ
ЦһҲо˿Դеķâ㵱Ⱥųһɹɽ㣬ѹĿֲѹҲû˿˼
£Ϊһˣκ˶ʺϺʤδλá΢Ҳ벻ڶõѡ
ڵ
˵
ϣӿڵɫѿޱȡ
пǳ⣬ԭΪӦٻ֪֪Ѷˣû뵽Ȼ֪ôһٶĳԣ˵бȿõѡ
ţȻƣÿ˶ܸоѾ͸һŭˡ
Ĳ˵ƾһֻ»ԱɵλҲˡ
ȻʱĻȴ·δţѾȫȥˡ
壡
ڳ棬˫ĿעУ³һ֣һ·һ£ͷ䣬ĹȺϵĴӣԼվڰеǰ˫ţհĴָǻһ͵
壡
Դ屻ƽ²µְ˳úڳѾܾûˡȼ֣ͺʩħһڳгΪ˹˼ɵĴڡ
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼʱٶ֣һǺʹôҪλйء
һɲǣϵնʱýһ漰壬Զôˡ
ں˵˵ʲôƽ²µְλողűãûʸδְλңҲǱˣڱڲתһŲ֪ûⷽľ飬ƾʲôλã
䣬ڴ˳ǳ⣬ȴһ̩ȻȲϿ䣬ΪĶͷ˾ǳʵȻ
ߣһССıԱɣƷĹȻҲҲִĲӷԣ˭ĵӣ
ʱһĵǼͻȻڴ𣬴ԣһֱûô˵ͻȻҲǰˡӸ£Įɱ
ڣڳбû˳⣬졣
Ű裬޹˼ɣ³ҪɵֵĴڣ˵һԱɡ
Ȼ棬䳰ȷ΢ɲĲһ£Ǻܿ죬Ŀٴαüᶨ
үһȻ΢ᣬƾһҲ޷Ĳأ
ڵȫûһη˼
һԱȻأ˵Ƿȴ̫͵˲䶯ݣϵĴһҲ̲סƤһ¡
£΢һӣ¹Ŀ
ȴû˵Ŀ⣬Ѹ̧ͷϷ߸ϵĴͬʱһƬѸٴӿѸóһ׼õӣ˫ţĵݳ
óǷӣ϶ʱѻȸϵָҲ̲ס΢΢üͷ
һ̣ɵҲףбҲһͻȻø

ӳƬ̣ڿڵڵգҲɲˡ
һԣһ̫ǰӻнۣȻ󹧹͵˴СһƬһ۵µĻȻ˵ĿдǷֻۡУɫһһͻȻѿޱȡ
£ָԼ䣬һֱŴϵĴӣȻϵݣǿӵķӦпһһٸвڿӦǴ³Ҫ嶥Լλãֻƾ³һ˵ԺӵľȻڿȻûô򵥡
£³ˣ󶼻֥ˣ£Լ󽫾溲ƾδְλսΪºպսλһΪδ飬ǲѡ죡
һｫϵ˵˳
䣡
׽£Ȼ֮䣬³֥Լ󽫸溲˵֣ڣˣÿһ˵ֶڴӵоصķǶһţ𶯰˷ĴڣȻ˭Ҳû뵽˾Ȼͬʱټ壬δ顣
ô
һ̣䶼һ͵۾Ŀ͸𺳵ɫҸ⣬ûϵȻᷢ顣
⼸˵ľټڼķһ֦ڣòôȷˡ
⵽ô£
Ȼ󽫸溲ƾ
Բڴ޷ôҲƾˣ

ڣ۷׷סֲˣʵ̫ˣҪολã˭Ҳû뵽³˻˼ҵķԡ
Ȼ޷ж־ȴģﻹһţߵϹܼҴʣȴԸӡµġ
ɫ򶨣ӻȡһţѸٳϡ
ڣԭԴ»ĴѸٳĬ׼ĻҪöࡣ
ǴƵʵȨһżӡ˭˼ٵġ
ߣΣÿãȫټ䣡
ڣһͻȻڵͷŴƻжʱ⣬ֻҪټģȫԡ
ϣԶüͷⷬûݣǲ£棬ȷʵӰ졣
ؼǣķӰԶԶȲ尡
ɫѱѿޱȣʱ˿̣Ĵεģзŭޣȴƫƫ㲻ܱ¶ʶģתͷ˴ϵĴӡ


1676 ÷粨
£
ʱֻüͷ΢壬·ףͯ⣬Ӱ˳
΢ûмǴ²֮ǰոոһԽʹͷΣȥΪϵϰԽӣΪ֣һãºңҪʱ΢֮һʱҲԳʤδһְ
ϵǴӵɽ֧ģʱΪɣס壬޷ͿְλȻ֮ߡ
ϾϣΪԽʹ£Ǵ۴֮ǰ;˵ġ
ţ
ϣӵ˵ͷƳһףͯһ˿͵ɫףͯ˸иʤϵס壬ȷʵڵĲѡ
ף˵֮ǰα˼δʷ޷һ£һᶯǴںƽദ֮ս£֮£ѡ̫֮ظҪĲŸɡΪǰϴԽ¸Ϊ׵Ϊأ
˵ţĿɨ˵Ⱥ
˵΢飡
΢Ҳ飡
һ˲䣬ڳ׷׸飬ĳãǴӣһϵִҪο䣬зԵĵ׷׸ͣ
ӸϷһĻɵ΢΢Цֻ赭дһ仰򣬽³֥Լ溲˵ƼΡ
£࣡
ԤϣⷬԼȺĸͣ˿ңһûУƺϵһĻ
Ѿ磬ҰԽۣԽ峤֤ͬ£һģ°Խ˱ǧаԽﰲأԶɸ꣬ԽѾһƬͣеִͳͻѾΡ
΢ϵһλɽе֪ģ͢ΪҪѭֹƶȣһЩʱϵϢӦҲഫʦˣ
һϯ˵ó϶ʱѻȸرǴӺףͯɫһͣ˲Ÿոᵽϵ飬ȴû뵽ôʹϢ
ôܣ
ӵɫ˲ޱȣתͷ˰еһ
£΢ʱǰոյϵϢ׼µġϰԽȷʵոջˣȷ籮Խ֮䲻ìܣұ˴֮以ڻͨδйġһ˵ϵƺǽˣ
֮УĹԱ˳µ
ϵֻǳÿ춼ҪһͨС£ôҲû뵽ᱻһ¡
ҪǣֻѲϱС£ھȻϵ˴Ĵѡᡣ
ϣӵɫѱѿޱȡĻӸоͺžһݺһ⡣ϵ飬סýڣڣȴһ־硣
ô޷ܵǣ嵽Ϊֹδ̤ʦһڳУֵȴѾ˳ᢣɻˡ

ʱһӴһִꪣϵļƬУ첽˽ڵµϥ£
ͥ϶ԼرﴫӼϢ¹Ŀ
һ˲䣬͢۵ϵ飬ر޹ء
󶼻ԼرǺַʽ͢ϢҸźͬʱִһʹ˼Ӽź
ҪʱҲͰˣƫƫеʱһ˲䣬˶оЩΡ
ϣҲ뵽ʲôһ˫üͷ

ڵô˿ţҲˡܹʮźһߣ̫֣͵˴ӵǰһż㣬򿪣ֻǿһۣǵڶ⣬⡭ӵɫԽԽѿȿһ⣬ӵɫѺڵһ
쵰
һɲǣҧгݣһܵŭбŷ̫͵ϣҪˡ
¡
һԱСѵչֻҪͳйصģͱڳϽǴҲ޷⡣
ˣ
ǿѹŭ
ǰٹ֮ףӵֻҪǺͳ͢صһĿǴӣڶȻֵˡ
һżܿ͵˵ָУüͷ壬ͬɻ󣬲֪едʲôȻô˷ŭ
ɻָܿ췭ż㣬һţָɫҲ΢

ϣӵ
ָתͷһ۴ϵĴӣһ£վǽżϵԼ˵˳
ָĸ֪Уһżһֵɽ󣬵ǰճ͢ӹĿ֮󣬾ֵڳżϵݣָԸҲɲ
󶼻Լｫʿϵ£ССܼƹƼδһְ
ָ
䣡
һʯǧˣָĻһȻ󶼻رССľܼƹӴ֣Ӵκһϣ˭Ҳû뵽Щ˾Ȼʱټ塣
³溲Լ֥λ۹سټѾǼзˣټ󶼻ͱ˯ʿټƼѾӴκ˶޷ӵĵز
ǴӣҲ޷Ǵӣţֿ˳ãҲ֣ܲضԴ
ʿôܣ
ϣһɫѱѿޱȣźϵָͨģһỳǼٵġ

ϣʱѿ޷ܵģʾǿˡűļ룬δϣԽãˡ
ʮصĵȴһֱȹα飬Ϊ˱飬Ҳ飬ȴû뵽ɱҪùܴɡ
ÿĸʣ
ǲϴһְڱԽԽ
һƬţѻȸһ˫˫Ŀ׷˴ϷĴӣһЩ˳еĻ
յľٶѾصĴŭӣǿóж֮ǰѾ׼˶ȥˣҲܽôĿѾﵽˡھͿôˡ
һУִҪο䣬Լı壿
ǣ̫̫У˸ʱԡ
̫͵ţӽ˫֣Ϸɫޱȡ
ǰٻһЩھ¼¼һϵ飬֮ĲͣѾǰ빫ܣôܻٸɫ
ڶѡ˾ٷҪԡ


1677 α飡

˵ʱʱ죬ڳڵŴʱ򣬺Ȼ֮һϢ볯ã
ϵڵϵǭеʮдʷݣССܼưλԱ飬ټһְ
䣡
ͻȻϢôһƬң˵³֥˵ƼԼڽ֧˻ĻôµϢô˶ʼϲΪźᵽǰȫĹ٣ӦվڴӺһģôҲȥ֧塣
ϣӵɫһһף˵֮ǰʱǿƿĻôڣõЩ֧֣֧ѾԸӵĵزܶɲˡ

û˷ӦͻȻһ䣬Ĵվ
壬ܣ
˳
޺޵Ķ֣˴㵵ĿУѸʧ˳֮ϡ
Ŵӵ뿪̫͵˲һƬȻȻһĻ˶ûϵġ

ۣ
֮УһֻµɫɾƱصڽҵķѣĩ俪
ˣˣ
壡ҪʬΣ

֮Уһŭ쳹ء
뿪̫͵ԶڳеŭҲѹ֣ڳ׵ıһ̴ɫǺ죬һ˫Ѫ˿·һͷ͵Ұһ㣬Ҫ˶ɡ
ॣ
һƬңҵĶλ裬Сɱֽͳͳ˳ȥ֮ǽ塣
֮ڣз̵ĹŮ̫඼ɪɪΧҲĲǷ˴ôãǵһο˷ŭ
ڶһԣű־ԵƽĿǰһСҲֻйӺη壬ֻһ˫˳ᢣʤǧŨüʱҲ
ӵŭǳϵ顣²ֻһô򵥣ϵ֮ļƻܰλԼôͻǳ鷳
Сˣ
üͷڿڵ
ȻڴƵ죬Ƕڹ˵ֻһصĺĶֻһǹոеһεĳ֣ȴһֲ
쵰Բڴһ¶Уô֧һǸ쵰˼и֥ͺ͸溲ûôǿѵǾȻҺͱԣ
ŭɶ
һƬѹ֣û˸ڴʢŭʱðȻ廰ǲô˵γĽʵ˴ϡ
֥͸溲µ⡣Ͼǰ󶼻˵פضܽԼλʵټھҪټĽ죬飬ϾټҲѡֻЩ֣Щصʷݵô£յôҲӦվһɣ
ʱһͻȻڴ𣬾벻ԶһֱûôͷͻȻ˵ˡͷ­΢һӡ
ⷭԭڼȵķŭеĴɫһͣͻȻ֮ͣ£ͬ͸˼ɫ˵ģֺγɻ
̫ξ
ӳƬ̣ͻȻڵ侲ࡣ
̫ξһڣ˶ɫ
̫ξ
üͷȻֲǺ˽⡣
̫ξسԱֱλ±֮Ҳ˶٣ʥʶʮ־ءʾɷǳ֮󡣵طϣܶʷݶôһ֧壬Ҳֻˡ
һԣףͯڽ͵ɫ¶ǣ
ҲͰˣ̫ξݷһ㣬һΣվһߣζǷǳ
ǣ̫ξ꣬ʮ궼ûиԤãΪʲôλͻȻ֧塣ңҪûǴĻ̫ξ֮ӦǴ޽ŹλʱرܣΪʲôʱ֧壿
ڣһĻͻȻ
ͬ¶ɻɫһ˲֪̫ξĹһЩλЩģûв֪̫ξİɡ
˵̫ξȻΪһ˸Ӵŵʵɻ󲻽⣬˼֡
û˵ֺγɻ
ڲǿʱ򣬹ؼǣδ͸ʷݵ²һֱ֮
ףͯڵ
һ˲䣬˵Ŀⶼе˴ӵϣľ
˲Ĭˡ
Ҫ飬޷ܵ顣

үӰճˣ
УԼһĻھۼʱ塢֥Լ³ͬۼһ
֥빬ְ֮󣬹帮ۡġ³±ûоˡ
յĳֻеһ룬ӱ߷߷ȥҲѾõϢ
ԴӴ⻹ǵһηȻĺһ㣬мķŭϰճ»ҲԸ⵱δһְ
ڶɼΪжݣҪδһְԶô׵¡
ֱߵһ̫ʦϣ֥Σüͷ
ˣ£ڳҰ⣬Ǳûһפ֮ϣִ֣ʹԼŶԿˡԽҾ֣ԽҪһ˶ģ壬ûбʵѡˡ
³ҲһԵ
вڼңڸۡ³оΣȨ֮ߣ㵽ڣ³ҲʼΪ嶥Լ볯֮УõĲԡ
һδεĻ죬ǻۣԼ󣬶Ѿõ֤һϣ³ҲϣѾԽԼӵĳֳԽ˵ܡ
ڣ˿ƺ˴ӣȶƻҵľ档
һ㣬֮ǰҲۣһµĹʶ
ֻǣڵôס
İɣӻͬģ
ԤϣϵĲ豭һڣŶƶ
һ仰ڣ˵Ŀ׷˹˭Ҳ֪Ϊʲôô϶Ӿһδһְ

˵ʱ٣ʱ죬۵ʱһӰҴҵĴ˽һ˵ϣ
үһλõĹ˵Ҫүαһְүȥּ
һ䣬֥³㵣ڣҲѻȸһ˵Ÿոᵽһδһְ˱ѯΪʲôû뵽ô죬Ǳ߾֪ͨˡ

ûйĽͣЦһվȥ̣ƵᣬƺǰһУϵ
ɴߣСڡӾǸҪ¡ˡţһͨġο߻кĴڡ
Σһͨġ
ߣǽּȥ
Цһܿż



1678 ٴ볯
ͬʱ֮С
㵽ʲô˼֪Ǹ쵰ֵ֧ܡһﴦԣΪʲôǻҪδһְ
ӳͷͥµĹ
СҴıһѾã󶼻Ľ죬ݸĴʷݣս֧µа취ܾ𣿡
ʵɫ
ɫһϣҪ˵ʲôֺܿĬˡ
Ȼ޷ܾǾԴӦɡ
΢΢Ц
Ҳʲôǵļƻýȥ⣬취׽쵰
Ӷͷ
һκòץסİѱŰƽ²£á
һΣ³ϵľҲòװ⵹ôҲû뵽ʱ򷴸һǿƻص˳ãһǵαְλ
λ֮ǰĸߣ
Ǻǣ·ģ֪ôһжҵƿ֮С
ÿɷ
ⷬüŭɫࡣ
УɣǱҲöˣ
ӳĬƬ̣ͻȻҧ
һɲǣӹһɱļ²ѡ

ҲᶫǱߵ顣³вڼң³αһְʱһбϢ˲Ϣ䣬ʦ𶯣ܲѡ
ԴӰƽ²µְλڳ÷ѾܾûϢˡλƵ貵ĽǣԼʥ׷ĵһλȻµĹעĽ㣬Զ˴ƵȨġ
˭Ҳû뵽ȻܹαһְȻֻǴҲѾ֮ǰְλҪԺյöࡣ
ʱתۼţգֵ֮˳ʱһգʦһƬ֣ٹκʱ򶼸뿪ۡȻûеʱ򣬵ܶ˾Ѿۼһ
ֻˣ³ֻҪ
ںˮݣ˭뵽ȻĻͬ⣬αһְ
Ҳû취飬˭뵽һȻҲǺȣӰȫһôܾù
ЮƶԸ񣬿¾׵ưոݣ
ǰĳᣬֻˣ

ʦ䣬һԱľۼһһ˽üǡԸң;¼Ϳɼһ࣬ڳ֮һӡٹһ֪飬ҲֻóһĬˡ
ڵľӶԱǶǣԿѲߵӰ
ڴӡ
Ȼֻʱʱ䲢̫ǴѾᣬ֮ǰʱʥǱѾӴܶʱ򣬴Ӷǿġ
Ȼʱж̣ǴѾ¶˵һľʣ˵䣬󲿷ֵ˼վ˴ǱߡֵܱúܱòݴһְǴӵԸ񣬿ҲĹ塣
볯ãҲݵĴѹ
ͬʱǵһЩطһЩͬۼšֻȣЩ˵Ȼͬ
ô죿òװȥȻص˳ã
ʲô϶ǵˣѵڳϷɣ
̫⣬һΣֻ߲ƣһҪСķ
ţմӷԸ쳯ʲôǶֻͨҪ㣬˳ô
˵ǣҾͲţƾһˣôƺֵóʲô

һȺ۷׷ףͬ顱ھ֮мܳݣĹһУв١رһǿȨһ˸顣
ˣ
ʱһͻȻӻʹܿ͵糯ʱ䡣ֻȾ޴صĹŴ󿪣ʱ䣬ۼ˻ʳſڣ漴ٹ糱ˮһ㣬ƺƵų̫͵ȥ
һȻ֮䣬ٹһۣ۷׷ףҲڹע¡ǵ˳ʱ䣬˹ţʳڣٹٷѼȸĬ
Ȼû˵һ˫˫۾ȴ֮䣬ĴܣѰǵӰȻԤϣӿ֮ȴǵӰ
ѵˣ
кɲѣԺͬͷǺܿ㱻Լˡһλع飬ֳôƣôѡ

߸ߵİܯϣһ죬̫͵Ŵ󿪣һܿ촩żųɰСɲվ£ЦĬĬĵȴţƺֻҪǵӰ֣׼ʱѡ
еǰָһվ۾һֻϸȥͻָ֣ᷢ˫ִ£̬ȻһΣ˫ȴ£Уƺһֱ˼ʲô
Ϊ䣬һ򲻺͵ۣ֪ΪʲôȻԤϵĲڳ֮ϡ
ʱ仺ȥÿ˶ͣɨϣԭڱ³λãԼǸƽ²ֹĵطȻյģʼղӰ
ô£Ϊʲôڶûг֣
ٹСյʱ䣬ٵȵȿɡ᲻ֵģ

֮Уͷֻб˴˲ĳ̶ȣѹ
ʱգžڵڶٹ糯ʱ伴ʱ򣬾һ̡
飡
һֻɫѥӣޱȣżص̤ڴ֮Уͬһʱ䣬һӰӵͶһɲǣ𶯣ٹд󳼹ʹȫԼͬ˹վڰǰָԼµҲ۾Ťͷ˹ȥ˫֮бŷҵľâ
壡
ŴſǵģϤӰޱȡڣĳ֣Ҳ˲˫Ŀ⿴壬㷲վˣôãڻַʽص˳֮ϡ
żһۣţĿͶ֮ɢһӴƣǰƽ²ʱȣô飬ϵԽĳȺأҲԽԳһǦϴϡ
ڶŷ貺͹⻪ȺʱҲ΢΢ʧɫ

΢紵ȺĿⶼԼֻǵȻһЦŴݣżŵȥգգգһ建ĳȥĽŲأÿһһǧĸоƺܲסĽŲ΢΢
ˣ
һԭžȺ΢΢һ˿ҡҲͰˣЩˣдӡһϵȴһϣһȥƺܵҪܿķâ


1679 巢ѣ
忴һĻֻǵȻһЦôֻ࣬صȨŦ
Ȼ̫ܲܽ͵´ں˼Ĺ»ҲҪ
ҪʵԼıػǧʷĹͱ֮С
һƬѹ֣ǰ°˸壬Ȼ˸ұӡ
ߣ
ͻȻֻ֮һߣһӶߴ
һϳ٣˵㣬ǺôļӰ
˹䳰ȷ
ǿоѾͲסˣ˵һ޵ģһ壬Ѿûһ˳Ĺ
ǡ
״ֻǵȻһЦ
ҪûǴĻڶξ޲Ǵ볯ʱ򣬴һ˵Ӧûûгٵɡ
㣡
Ļɫһͣ촽ţȴһ仰˵
Ȼڶξǽô꣬еĴ󳼼Ľ̫͵ûŵģô˵ȴ޷
⣬Ǳ飬㵲ҵ·ˣ
嵭Ƴһһ仰ʱеĿⶼеϡ
û˷ӦǰֱһӣͽһԣȻǰԼλȥ
ôһССĶɫʱǳɫڳһƬ㵡
Ķ˵ǳðʧǿһվλã˶ʱһá
ȻǴƵү󣬵ǾʵȨ˵Ȳоӵı顣
Ͱ˵վλãӿǰ
Ӱ߳ʱ򣬻ĵסǰе·һϣ廹û˵
쵰
˫ȭգ巢
λԺĳЩ棬͢ϵسȶҪη
ڴ֮ǰû˸˵ûö֮ϷŪ˿
һ죬ҪΪ˸ۣ
к޺޵
յʱ򡪡

ͻȻһԽڴ𣬽ţһ̫ɤ˶С
Ӽݵ
δ䣬һӰ̬ϣһȺ̫͸ߴĹ£Ӳ˳̫͵ȥ
һ˲һݣҲص˰֮С
μ£
һУٹٷ׷׹

Ӱ˰֣Ѹ£µͬʱĿһɨȺ˴еϡ
һɲбŷһ˿ĺâ
һ࣬ͬʱȥǵЦݣ̧ͷ˴Ϸñޱȡ
Ŀԣһ̫͵ڣ¶
֮ǰû֮һ̬Ⱦͱ÷ǳĿĴǱλãҲǽ볯á
Ҫַʽ֪ǴȨ죬Ҳûдﵽһĵز
볯þҪԿӣֻҪڣӺԼŵˣͱ⡣
ϣҪЩҵʱͦɽȶġ
ڴƣǰһ£ֵ
壬ͱԣľ治þܾ
ϣӵĿ䣬ǵȺҲû˿Ρ
ĿȻΪ˱λã˳֮УܹԿԼǾǴشˡ
ĵ̣Ⱥ˭Υƾһ壬ܷ죿
ߣ
һЦӺܿջĿ⣬Աߵһ̫˸ơ
߻⣬ǰһ
ּڳ࣬˳
ѼӰɤ죬ʱʱ򣬱ض˳У¡ǳԤϣϤɤȴһϣȻûһ˵
ǰٹ֮ףǰǰָȴվ۾ˣһ²ؼ߸߹ӡ
Ⱥ֮УЩˣҲƺȵõʲô֪ͨͽգһֶڡ
˸ɫɵһĿһϷɫĴӣһȺ֮У¹ΣɫĮ塣
û˸ʱڡ
ֻվվǸ£ǰԶ壬Ц
ʱգּϢİУš
Сʱ䣬оȻûһ˿ڡ
ӰϷһĻĿһȺе壬Цα飬ϳĵһ졣
죬Ҫ֪һ㡣̫͵飬⳯˵㡣
û⣬ᶼ޷С
Ȼ£Ǿ˳
ȻһЦһܿվȻûѡ˳˵һ̣һɵͻȻ˶
£Ǳбһ࣡
嵭߲ͣȻ˶Уȴһнס⡱һ
ৣ
һ˲䣬ϷĿװ˯ָ˫һ͵ſ£üͷ˹
һɲǣͻȻֲĸо
ˣ
ʯ䣬˵Ŀ׷ѭ˹ȥ
յĳᣬһʼעôƽ˶Ѿ֪˵ġǴһҪᲦˣȴ͡
ԴӵԸû˾ǻưոݡ
塪
Ǿ¼Ǳ¼嶼硣ԸûţֻΪ˶³λá
һ˲䣬һ񣬷׷ѭ˹ȥ
ֻȺ֮УһɫȻݣһ˦ĴӰ֮˳
ⷭٶ˶ⲻѡ
˭֪ĳᣬǴصһֻ˭Ҳû뵽˲࣬ȻҪࡣ
壬ʲô
ϣԭѾ׼뿪仰ɫһͣ½Ų
Ҫһˣ
嵭
ˣ
һ˲䣬Ȼһ֮֮ͣǰԽĽ
뵯˵
Ƥͻһȴɲɫ
ɿ䣡
忪ڵ֣ϣ
¡
һʯǧˣб֣Уĳ佫˻ıɫ
ϣӵɫѿޱȡ
ڰУվԶĿ䣬ɫ˲Ұޱȡ֣ʷϲôҲû뵽ϳĵһ죬ͻ
ְأع˽Եαɵְλ°ְλã¼á

壬ŸոϱλãҪͬ죬ų켺𣿡
ϣ仰ҲβסȻŭ
ˣҲһεˡôҲû뵽Ÿոϴλãһ࣬Ҫ䡣
ӣɹ޴棿


1680 ¿䣡
£ԩ΢ڱ˼ʮأҵҵְأôܻ£ү֪㣬ְλҲ㣬һ´ڼң͢Ҫѡδεı飬ȸ֪ڴˡүãҲòѪˣһˮĳϣɣ
£ɫɷף鼤
ɾ͹ˣ
һƬˣ˺ʹһˣʱҲûѡȻЩֲô彫ȥ
ϣû˵ֻǿˮĿҲԽıˡ
ߣ
վڰ֮УԹһУֻȻһЦ˿Ϊ
壬ԿжٳɼǳȻǱ飬Ҳǳ͢Ź֮ûƾʵݣԣǾͲҪֱһֳ͢ӳٵˣ
ʱ򣬴ϣڿ˵ˡ
£Ȼ֤ݵġ
嵭û˿ã
ڱʮɣ˽ϹԼ޵Ū˸ܹܣǱͨҲͰˣǲ֮ǰ͢͸̸Ӿʦﶼþ£޵ܾȻطַսʿĸԼ۽ʿǮ
ڲ˲˲㣬Ҫ౨͢ȷˣŲһ󵳣Գٲ׽ڱĴб䣬Щ飬˵𣿡
һ仰Ťͷ˴еĿ䣬ɫʱɷޱȡ
㲻Ҫ˵״ڳϵ֪ôܻ飡
ûȿ俪ڣȺһϳ̲סӰ߳ǳ⡣
㲻ϲ䣬ҲòŲַʽɣ
Ҳ׷׸͡
űͺŲɵ͵ìܺͳͻ˵൱˶Ǵһģôܻ塣
ߣûƾʵݣô˵
ȻһЦֱӴȡ
ǱԲ˲ᡣǰҾѾñ˰ѱһĿȫһ飬͢ЩóʿǮܹһǧƽа˰ַȥȴ֪٣ĿȫӦϡ
ҵĵûдĻƽ޵ھʦĻƽĶһʮ͵ĸۡʮ͸ǰǰֵܣʣµһƽ޵ڸá
볯֮ǰѾ˲鳭޵ܣЩƽǴ޵ܸۡѳģĹӡûüڵ
˵ţһóһöƵĽԪԪײĴƹӡɼ
ƵĹɳ͢ͳһ죬ͬʱڵײϹӡΪ־Щַȥʱһ㻹һݹŷַ֤Щ·ֻõݹõټҵĵطӡͨ
ȻнЩȫİ취Ӵ󣬶ʱ䲻Ȼһһӡ
ڿ޵ܵĸۡѳЩǾ֤ɽϴϴ
ϣոջȺ鼤ܣ׷ָĹе֤ǰ˵ɫһһסǲŸոΪ亰ҲΪԲץİѱڣʱһžž仰˵
㣡
ʱֲ̿Īڿˡһ볯ģǵȵڶ̤̫͵䱾ΪǿԴ󣬹ˣϵõȻ˲鳭Լ޵ܡ
䣡
ϣһ͵Ťͷп䡣˵ɫѿޱȣϹҲܸܵóеķŭ
䣬ʲôǿտƾΪţвб˲һ޵ܵĸۡѳ
͢еÿһӡһرǲó˼ʮΪ˰ǣɳ͢ԻĹӡĹӡһһ㣬粵ˡ
£
ͨһ͵عڵأң亹ꡣ
΢֪΢Ĳ֪һ޵ܺǽң͵͵ᣡﳼһֱæھŶٻȥڸеһŲ֪

ˣʱˣ㻹ҽƱ磡
ŭɶȻҲܲϲ壬ǵô󳼵棬ȻҲбЩ֤ǰҲû
˿齫ʿǮҲͰˣǿȻʿĸҲ̰īƾһ㣬ϱλá
֮ǰһο䣬Ҫ³λã
ҸҪǣֶоУûоûУºֻҪһ飬׾ܲóҪƱҲûãҲΪʲôԭ
£ңҡ
ڵأ֣̿ʪ͸ˡ
Ǯеһжǿ⻮ЩǮ֮ô䣬δӾʦһֱͨصĽʿУȴɱͽеġ
漰ʮʿָӵĻͿ֧£ǱڲԼز׼ȷǸ߰˳ϣѾǲˣҪ˲ᣬ԰ƵĻһһϣ⼸ǲɵ
ôû뵽Ȼ˶̵ʱڣ˷ӵĿһһó׼ȷ֡
ֱ˼飡
ߣ
վڰǰųϻ̳Ͽ֣ɪɪĿ䣬ֻȻһЦڿ䣬ûаͬ顣
ҪԸ䣬Ǽ򵥵Ϊ˶Ըӡ
Ҿ˾ְءǾ󲿷ֵ˶ԿӡȻȴû˱׿ĵϸҲˣһ˱λãֻҪͶ˴ӣᷢʲô
飬ƾһߵλõġǺ֪ڴ֮ǰһɽˣһ̵Ĵ
ҽᣬ·ֻճӪһ֪ˣ·ˣǲкʢ
ȲѣپֱԾΧˣżǡ
Ͼ˷˼֪ɽٷ˲һӣҲȥˣʥʣоҲԽԽ޷̣ټϳַ˺ģȥ·һ
˼ǰ󣬿һֵܣ뵽ڱ¿ʼû뵽Ȼƾųɫ书ȻһλھеĹְҲԽԽ󾹵˾ʦı
һ·ʮʱ䣬Ȼɹϴˣг
Ϊܵʱ򣬾֮˾Ҳϲ巣ʿϲӡԹԡ
ǾбϾͬڲݿܣʮԣƢҲͰˣһ仰˵ģװˣװһӣһֱװĺˡ
ֻϧɽ׸ģơ
Ͷ˴֮ٴ¶һӣΪ˱ģҲΪ֮ڱ֮дɱ¾
֮ңλ¾˴ǰԴӵϳȺֽʦеֿʥʵĽͳѾͶ£ɱ¾һ
֮ɵɱ¾Ȼȴӻж࣬˴ƽ
ζ̵ģ
Ҳÿ俪ԭ


1681 ݣ
£֪¸δá
̧ͷ˴ϷĴӡ
ˣҽ£ˣ½㣬˾ϲ£
ӸϷŭ
һͿأȻ֪ɽ𻢣ԸԼǴʱ˿̣ȷﻢ£棬İӣҲòÿ䡣
ĴѾŭ˾еĽʿҲòˡ
£ңңԹ޳αˣ
ʱڵϻֲֽ̿ѣΪһϲ£ϵת˲Ǵͷ
ˣϳȥ
ϣԽĲͷǿ䣬ᱻƵֵز
ĽܿмִȲǰһһҼס䣬˳ȥ
żͿıӰȺһƬţĿⶼܿ壬رЩˣĿ˼ɵ
κʱ򣬲ǹһˣȨƣԶǸΪ֮ɵĴڡ
ϳĵһ죬ָ֮Ͱһʮıɣһ㣬Ƕ
仹ʲôҪࣿ
ϣһ
ڳ㿴ңҿ㣬ȼ󳼣˼޹ʹС⣬Ȼ˭ûٿڡ
Ȼ£˳
̫ٴڴ仰˳һôǰȥˣǴϼֱѰ
һ£ּȥ£
ϣʱ򣬴һֱվﲻԲͻȻǰڵ
»飬Ͷൢһɣ
һ仰ȴȺе塣
ˣ
ôһɲǣһƬžš
仰һٴһ˭û˵ʲô
΢ּ
еǰָ鲨ƺϵһĻֻһȴӴȥ
ߣ
һݺݵصһ۴е壬Ŵ˳ȥ
Ҳ糱ˮ˳ãڵ̫ʱҲʶʲôͨ뿪ˡ
飡
г̫͵ͬʱ¡һ̫͵ȳصĴعϣеϢ
һĻ˶ɫһϣ˭Ҳûж˵ʲôܿ뿪ˡ
̫͵һҲ鵭һֱ뿪Źϣ谵Ĵֻʣ塢ϵĴԼˣҲ˿仯

ͬʱһӴϴ谵дкһ˫ְڷϣվ
һɲһӴƣޱȣϱ
壬˼Ҫͱˣ
һڴ𣬴˼ž
Ϸ˵ĵһ仰𺳡
һǴƵһǴƵүб𣬵ǿȻ׼ˡ
ºγԣֻǱ˵䲻ǵµ𣿡
嵭
ߣֹûʵĻͲ˵ˣô£ͱ֪㰵зֲӣ뱾ԣЩ֪粵û塣
㣬ֻһ飬ʯͷΪʲô³
壬Ŀ͸ɱ
Ҳɫǰ޵˶塣
̫͵һƬţŶĴӣǵЦҲȥ
£ȷʵʯͷˮȴܵδʯͷ
忪ڵһ仰ôеĴӺɫ䡣
߷޵УЩǿ󣬲ֶΣδػкõĽϣܹ˼
Ǻǣ壬ڽ𣿡
ⷬҡͷŭЦ
ҸôλᣬҪЧұȫܾˣ壬ĲŻ֮ս˹֮ս㶼Ϊ˺պսǾǾǳҪ뱾ԣͣҲ
ǴƵĻλһλ̳ˣһεʥʣ㴦뱾ԣΪʲô³𣿡

ⷬѾ˵൱ˣȻһһεľٶѾ˴ǿɱ⣬ҪȻ˵ⷬ
£ʧ̬ˣ

Ǻǣ𣿡
Цһ˦ͻȻתȥ塣
壬Ȼִ֧뱾ԣϷɣδĴң£
ˣ
ԣʱüͷ壬ⷬ˴Ϊ⣬óⷭƺʱģ˼ǣ׼
һɲǣǵĸ߰Ӱ˼һ仰û˵֪ⷭضġ
ȻϤٴڶ
Ϸˣ֮Ϸ˭ˣ˭͵㱳壡
ӵĲ˿ĸ顣

֪ķ֮Ӷһɲǣ̫͵šҲʱýޱȣεա
壬һɲҲ΢΢ɫ
˾ǵһ档Ȼ֮ǰʱҲйͻҲǴûһ㡣
Ѿ̯ˣʣŴԣѾеɱ⼤˼㡣ң⻹Ǵӵһᵽһ塣
֮⣬һӵϻλֹ壬ֻңҪΪ˸ۣҷ
ϧˣ࣬վҪ
ģļ²ѡ
ã
ûȴ˵꣬һͻȻڴͻأȴɾ

һɲǣӺͺ󷽵ɫһ㵣ʶ塣
˵ʲô
Ӳ֪ʲôʱתŶ壬üͷɫ㵡ȻⷭǵԤ֮С
˵ã
ͬˮ˵¶һ˿ЦݣŶݣȫû˿⡣һǿƵĴӣֻ֣ϧҴˡ
Ҫǣû˱ףӾʵ۵ıĲ˵ƾµⷭҲʺϳΪһʵۡ
¼Ȼ⣬Ȼ㵽סϷг룬дСѡֻǵģ¿²λѡ
ͷ
ⷭڴ治ˣδܹϻλƾһ㣬ֻ·һǵһҲûʲô˼ˡ
廹һ͸£δִԲֻ¡վǻһΣ
嵭ȻһЦ˵ⷭһ˦תȥһƿյȴţ˳ȥ
󣬴Ӻɫѿޱȣֻ֡ѿվΪɱ
壬ⲻ̫õġľܣ㲻ݣ
ĿһıӰһ˦Ҳ뿪ˡ


1682 

үôˣ
ص֮ۡУŸһ֣ȸǵ׷ӭȥĿڴ
ҲûϷϸ˵һ顣
䱻׽һһ
Ҳʮˣ˽£Ȼĸ𶼸̰īү˭ܹõ
ĿӣԳ壬ƿҲû뵽үȻܴôҵĿУ׼ȷ̰īƽ𡣡
һпѡ
ΪھǾԲ̵ģƾһ㣬޷ڱɵλİȣ˵Ҫˡ
ܰ⵹ȻãģǴӵ̬ȣȻԽ¡
ʱһбɲǴǼ䣬һƬ˷׷ѭ˹ȥֻ֥żӣ˵ķ
ߴˣ
״΢΢һЦһ
Ǻǣһ볯ãЧѾ龩ʦѾ³븴ֻ´Ҳڵĳֻ͢пˡ
֥ĿЩ
ʲôʱߣ
Ƴһ۸֥ƺʲô
֮ǰҪˣ͢Ѿˣұü̳ǰگˡµ˼ֻһ֮ڣҶ׻ˣ
֥Ц
һ󶼻ͳ򣬽սһȴ䵽һĹ٣˴گʹڡÿ춼úͶگ򽻵ºܳһʱ䶼޷ص佫ĸ֥˵һĥ
ʱ٣һڳ֮ǰһҪһ档ڿȫԷˡ
֥һ壬ο
ԣȴͻȻĬ˲١
أ³Ϊȴ˴ɱ֥ĵ۹󽫣ºպսҲ䵽گЩ֧۹ٵ֧ڿգҲ뵽һƮҡʱ
ˣأ
ǧǻһԡ
óһʢľƲˣ͸֥һ٣Ȼ͸֥뿪˾ʦ
ͬʱʱ֣ûжע⵽һĵ뿪ʳǣһ·ػػأ˳⣬뵽˴½С
£ȻΪʹӶĵطΪһĵطȴһƬ
һյյ岼鲼ɽۣҹʱҲľʮΪսֵ¡˵аᵽΪǰ͵
µ֮Уƹ貣һ㣬ǾڲԶĵطһ߻谵ֻȼյƻ𣬹һɫ۹
ǴµĺǣǴĵõɮһڣʶ㣬Ҳû˵Ǻɫģκ˿ʱ򣬶һļµĸо
ԴӴ½һֱţûڵɮ˿ȥֻһλ۵ɮż֡
Ҷɳɳûпֱ֮С
ҫ·̫֮
ܿڵأֱȴ߸̧̯ƺʲô
ʱ仺ȥȴһƬžֻյ΢ĵƻҡҷˡ
ʱδ𣬾ʲôûзɹڵأͷ­ʹһ
գ
֪˶ãڣһŲӵϴ΢Ļ⣬ֻһɮһۣɫ죬ͻȻĺڰ˳
ҿ
ɮɫ䣬ֱߵǰö
΢ĵƻ𣬿ԿŵһöĴңϸСצӡצɫɽڣ沼ϸϸƬȻһֻצ
ֻצצָǴŴӵݡ
עģֻצһֻɫ۾ǳ졣
ɮһﲻֻǶצϵֻɫ۾ִĴָ۾Ħһ£漴˵ͷ
˵ɣʲô飿
ɮ˾Ӹ£Ŀޱ
һ鷳һĴƳϣܹ֣æ
ڵأͷ̧
С¾Ͳþˣȥɣǵ£һԴá
ɮ˵
⡭ǵ˵ϣܰϢ񣡡
ڵϣһΪѵ
һССĽҲʸǰּۻۣ·һ
ɮ˲ɵŵϵĽжȻɱ
һ£
˵ʱʱ죬ͻȻһʱ˶
ǵ£Ѿ֪Գ֡
δ䣬һӴϢް㣬ͻȻڴ֮Сηʶ̧ͷ

һ̣ǹϢĵطֳ𺳺Ϳ־ɫ
ֻϷһ˫۾ںڰ֮УĶԼȻϸȥʲô۾
ڹֻʮ׸ߣұϣʲôʱ۹ȴ˹۾Ҿ޴ֱ趯Ĵվ
ҲǼʶּ֮ǰ˹龰һʱ֮䣬亹乣ֲ̿ѡ
񣡡
ҲʱһӶߴûзӦһԵĺɮȴ泯ȥ
ս׹ǰλصġ񡱡
ȥǴӣ飬һ
ٴοڵ
ǣ
ϣɫ֣̿»˵ʲô

޵̰۱𣬿ҲǣУ¾˾ȷɡ֮󣬿ͱȥ˹پ
飬ʦһ£ڳ֮УҲȹ
ڵĳڴӺŵƿ֮УָͬԼڣֻҪڳ֮У˶ǰݷݣ⼸Ǿܹ˱
û˻ʱŭ壡
Ҳ֪ϴݣʱڳ϶ֻǸԼҲʹ졣
һаͰ̤࣬죬Ǳ߰ݣûٶ˫ʱ΢ƽ⣬ల¡

һյϸĽɫϸƺڰ֮УɫľҺӺ֮Ук£磬ͬһע뵽ϵһֻ;ĸ;֮С
ǾУµķУھϣھʢиšԴͷȴ֪һлйء
ֻΪ˵ðˡ
ϵʱһˣһ¥͵ľףһڣȻŤͷƾһ˶ʱ⡣
¥λرãΪ¥㣬ҶҪߺܶ࣬ϷƾԿʦ¥۴αȣַ͸ȴֱһζ


1683 ̫ٱã
գ
ͻȻ֮䣬һĽŲ¥ݿڵķͬһʱ䣬¥С
͹٣ȵˡ
ˣԼȥˡ
ûпԶоһϵƺȰסСȻֱķ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ͿһӰֻ߽ͦĿ⣬֮ȻѾǻɲԾɢһĪϡ
ҲǼʶ֮ʶ˲Ǹ֥³֮࣬Ժյĵ۹󽫣Ǹ֥֮ǰǰҲԾһء
ѰֻҪһۣ¾ͻֲ̿
£ƣȴƽ̫ģҲֻʣ¹λ̫ٱƵ۹һԺյսˡ
ϸǰãǰλ̫ٱ֮ʵ޽һǵһδ򽻵
üˣֵ׳꣬Ϊ۷ʱѡ˽Ȩ溲Լع
սϣþѾﵽ۷壬˴ʳ۹Ϊ̫ңԶûд⣬ͳͳܹһ·򵽹˹صĻʹ˹صĲǲֻ̳ӣ鵽ڶ˹Ϊܴ衣
һ㣬ȻսͬųսʤҲû
ֻǺΪʿܿ˷ԭӦ⣬ͬʱҲûзֺ쾰ã󲻵òҴ˻ȥ
ʱܹƽƽģҲֻʣ˹λǻƣͬһ˹صˡ

ˣ
ʱ󽫵岢İǧǰĴʱֻǺĴ󺺣ڵĴƣΪ¹̫ûʵ۲ǹ٣°ѱǲ
ǧǰʱ󽫾ľֹǧƵòŮѾǣݻ֮ܣסĸۡԽ˹أһҪˡ֮ôΪ˸°ѱþġ
Ҳ̤·ֻԼЩǰͬӵһ꣬Ĳ¼ɴĵġ
˵ֻǸյʹ
ЩͷԺһӶܿع
Ǻˣ
ûȵ忪ڣƳһǰĽյһݷݾµСˣԼǵξƾƾ۴αȵķ羰ͻȻڵ
Һүղ޽үҹӦòǵΪͷ羰İɣ
վǰȴû¡
ֻҪھʦùˣһ㶼֪̫ٱ͵ҺͳϵĴ󳼸ûʲô˵ŰݷãһҲᱻлһ㣬ǺЩơ
ʵϣܹԼѾˡ
±ȥֻᱻʦۺܾãϾǴ¾սʽ档
Ǻǣٱˣʱ磬˲С۵ʱ䶼ûаɣ
΢΢һЦһ˵ţһָһ¶λ
ԣһ£ƺԥҪҪվĶ档
һЦҲż˫ϵľƺһ
ڴˣ壬һ徴ˣ
Ʊ
ⷬʵ⣬Ȼüˣܱ岢ǺܹͬսºպսΪƵ̫ƽ˲ĥĹףһȴ޿ġ
ƾһ㣬˵þһֵ𾴵ˣҲǽλԭ
үˡ
ԥһ£վϵľƱһ£Ȼһ
һ¶ǣ֮նʱںࡣ
үſΪºպսʵҲ൱Ƶ˶ܹүһôƵİǧأĿԸˣ
Ҳһ䡣
ȻлзÿͣԶеȨ󣬵ȴǲעõʱ£ǡǡ෴ڵ۹İΣλսκ˶Ҫ⣬ҪȻҲ֮սʱٴңִ¤Կ˹صİʨϤŵ߹»ˡ
̹˵۹£ܹ۵ģҲֻһˡ
ڸ֥溲Щ۹֮󣬴Ѿʮûгֹʲô貵Ľˡ֮ǰȻҲųһܳ죬ͬҲ벻õۡ
ֱճĴڣµЩԺսԼܳıսԣʱ佫Ȼʧɫ̶ʱ䣬һԾ𣬴ӼΪʥƵһλһٳ˸֥溲ȵ۹󽫡
ȻӹУǶĳɳԼĹһֱڹעͺܶ෴òû˿ļʣΪƺ˶ο
Ҳһܵԭ
үʲô飬ֱ˵ɡ
ýŵ
²ԼԼֻΪ˺ȲƣĿģġ
ǺǣʵγԼٱˣҲûʲô飬Ǽ棬˳һ£ٱѾжûмӣ
΢Цһ˵ţһ߷¾ƺźۼ
ˣ
ӡ֣õü͵һ¡ȻЩһֱ躹ޣӹУڽϣϸرע⵽Ⲣþʲôֱ֮
ⷭرͻأĲᣬͻȻ֮ȴ˵𡰴ӡҸ֪⣬֪յºܿܺʹйء
һɲǼ䣬ͷԺзӶúܿͰ
֪Ϊдһԣ
öŶ壬
˽֪̫ٱҲǴӵʦ仰˵úʹ֮ȻӦƵ档ⷭͺ֡
ǣô˵ٱȷʵкܳʱûмˡ
嵭ȻһЦĿⶴ죬ʲô
΢𣬺ȻĻʵľһΣȴûзϡ
ȷʵµʱûмӣʥڴʥæ²ûʱ棬Ҳ
õ
Ȼˣ
öûзⷭвԾĳĳһһֱĵģñӱܣĲڡ֮ҡ
ǿ˵¼ź顣
֮ҡʥʵµλѪӣΪܹʥ֮λңΥٳ
ºΪıɱ¾þ֮һҲ˵֮УΪźҲΪϧĴڡ
߱ɱ¾˲֪ٴ󳼣̫ٱΪӵʦѴ̡
ʵϣλƺպսսҲλûãֽᣬա
Ǵʷʧ
ںë̩ɽȴΪ˶еϧģ
嵱ϢҲеʹϧ


1684 õˣ
Уĵľöٻ뵽У֪鵫ȴĬķ
֮ҺʥŭȻⲻһӵı硣
ڿõԸڹֱӶҲмɵԴӺܾǰͿʼˣûн뵽ӵļźģҲ˵ǲеҡֻҪǰᣬ֮λ塣
֪ʹ֮䷢һЩ飬ԼΪĻҴˡѾܾò뵽֮ˣҶٲ֣˵
üͷһƺͻȻ֮ʲôڵ
һˡԣΪԼͺʹ֮Ĺϵ߰æڴǰԵġ
пЦȴҲûб⡣
ڱϵ츳ӹɵģڳ͢ϾԶˡ
֮ѾչֵزȴѾ˵⡣
ԭõıҲйϵϸоùսս
棬еóսпգһܴ벻ĵطɱɱԷһֲִܶ顣
еȴóľӻֺƴƷǷ˵Ҳûôı仯Щսʱйзؼ汸Էκε˵ǿɳ֮
þķﵽ˼¡
սʱû̫ı仯ҵͻӸ벻ķɱԸı߶ԸʱȴɽӦ֮ߣνǰ°֮
ڹȥҲģðڳͬݣսȴɱöжסܿ䣬սĻǵʱһ
䶯һʱҲɾõһ棬Ϊϵһ֮ա
ڵľΪȻһ۾ܿʵΪԼϸڷĴԶԶ˶֣֮ö⣬ԶԶԽʱ֡
Ϊ죬õԸҲͿ֪
ЩͷԺһӶܿͻع
ˣΪ
΢΢һЦŵ
ǰ˵һ£һ˼Ҽӻһӣһ쳤Ӿ췴ƷȡĵλʴˣͳӽõӸȥԴֻһ˵Ƕȴıɫ
õݺʹκε̫ٱһڴ˾֪׸ĸ˫ĸҲ¹պսһٽѵΧ֮Уսڴ𾴡
ʱʥʸոռλã˵£صؽ빬Уӣ׾ڹгģֶʥ͡
öʥʼΪأʥҲΪ֮ҺܵգҲйϵ
ᵽӡӣ췴һ£ָرΪ̫ٱл֮ȷȷʵʵʹӵĹϵܵġ
ⷬȻֻһô򵥡
үⷬʲô˼ԣ
óҲȻ˲١
ǺǣڶİˣٱӦ֪ɡ
¾Ʊûֱӻش
ǶЩˣΪճӣִʥʴļһЩĻҲ顣νƫ򰵣ԴҲǼ£ҵ½Ҫ̳ʥ֮λģڿʼҲӦ֮ѵүôΪ𣿡
õ
Ҹ㣬һǸ߾ˣӸ߾ӵ˴ƣ󱻴ļ£̽Ϣʦ̽ӣ⣬һˣѾᰮۣ붫Ҹ㣬ʵʵ̫ڻʵʱڵƾս񣬵ңѾĺأ
ٴε
ʲô
ǰҲͰˣ֣ûһ𣬶Ȼһ
ܣԲܣѱﻹкǲǸˣ
þٹֱҲ֪̫ʱڵΪң̸ұ̫ڻʵԴ顣
ļҲͰˣ̫ʱڵѳһɾͷͬһˡ
ԵȻһЦÿɷõķӦԤ֮С
ñȴ곤ʥ빬УΪ֮󣬾ͱʥʷڶʹһͬɳǸʱĴҲֻѣ̫ٱ˴ͱϵʦ˫ĸ͸ˡ
ô˵ӷҪ췴õԸǾŵġ
νǳҲǼɻ䣬ձͲ޽飬óóȻ
Ҳֻһ˵ٱ˲һ벻ٱԼȥжϼɡ⻹м飬֮Уʿ߹֮ǰ˴ɱˣٱ֪𣿡
ʵ
ʲô
Ļɫޱ䣬˫ͺ񴥵һ㣬͵شλվҲס
߹ˣôܣ˵Ŀģʲôʱ£
˵һǧһ򣬶ԶԶһ߹ˣд
߹ǴƵĴܣҲʥĵĸʥʵǻ֮ǰͷʥߣһֱڡ
ֻҪʥʵĵطһи߹
ô꣬߹ʥʵӰӣ߹ǾζʥҲܼΣգʾȫͬˡ
ôٱ鶼֪
̧ͷʵ
ˡʧҿҪһ˹ˡ
˵ⷬɫҲͲסܿת뿪ˡ
忴һĻҲ⣬֮Уúʥ֮ͬӣõı´԰Ҳ١
߹£סˡ
һꤵõܿ뿪ˡƾ뿪ķǵЦȥҲ֣
ҪԼȥֵģֻܰܵˡ
һ̾Ҳվ
˸Ķ˵òЧٵ㣬ҪȴĿı仯
ͬʱ֮ʯϤҲԺֻȴȫȻû⣬϶¼ӣҲܿ뿪ˡ

뿪¥֮󲻾ãõҲʻ˻ʹ֮Уڰʱ֮һ̤㵽˶֮С
ʲô̫̫ٱ
֮У㱨㵡
æʱϾ˵Ҹȥ
ӼҲĿڵ
ǵ£ٱѾˣ
ɫѿ
δ䣬˶оһյĽŲۻҴһ˿ٵζ


1685 ᣡ
òμ£
ԶԶģûû߽㹰һ񣬴еɫأ֮üͷƽʱȻͬ
ٱˣôˡ
Ԥϣǰһ̴ӻɫ࣬ϣǿãһ֮һЦ
֪Ϊ֮ǰĻǱ˵ġ
£߹ˣô£
ÿڼɽֱʵ
𣿡
ԣüͷ΢壬ͺһ
߹ˣôһ׼һһ¸߹ôˡ⣬ٱˣ߹ϾˣˣҲǺ顣ٱ˲عڵġ
ǣ£
һԣ⣬񣬷·˶ǵһ㡣
ⷭöʱüͷⷭиɻѾ֪һЩϢҲ޻˵
߹ϮˣʱᡣʥǱô£ȥκ˶޷µ޹ΧĻȫһмӡԭǶˣô£
ɫأû˿и
ھ¥ʼ˵Щ򲻿ŵġңС£ƽ˽⣬ȷʵЩ⣬ڵı淸ֵز
ǿʥʰ
¼䣬˭ӣҴôô
ǻصУϸȥ飬һȴе֪ɵĵطԽԽ࣬ĵطҲͰˣ̫ӵĵط˶ⲻòɡ
õΪֹŴĻ˼벻ǣҪõİ취ȥѯʴӡ
ҶԸһأȻĵĻǸʵ顣ɼȥҲΪøʰ˴šٱˣⲻǺ𣿡
΢΢Ц
Ϊ˱ʥʣ̫ξ̫Լеĳ޷𣿡
ø
ٱʱ𣿣
Ԥϣ֮ⷭǰɫĴӣͻȻɫһҲ˼ȣĿǱޱȡ
ৣ
һ˲䣬һƬţʱն·𶨸ˡ
úʹ˫Ŀԣ˭Ҳû˵ޱȡ
ȻΪʹУƽʱٱһмӣǰûгֹ
û˵ֻŴӵУһ˿ʹѪ˿ɵӣɵҲ˴Ƶս񣬸ܴʮ̫ƽ
Щ¶ˣˣֻǲԸȥˡ˵ʼԱƣϾľѾǸܺõ֤
ÿһˣܹһڸ󣬱ʥ빬УΪӣϤĽ̵
飬һ˵ɺϣôͬʱɲˡ
£ңһжˡұһа£Ǹ߾ˣܿ뿪̫ΧĻ᳷أ߹Ҳ»ص̫ңҵĵһУͳͳᷢ
Ѫ۾Уһ˿ڴϸĴŴӣûзŹκһϸ΢ı飬ƺҪ͸
̫
ͬһ㣺
ʲôʲôѵҪ𣿣
֣в£ʹദôãƽǰù֡
һɲǣͻȻоʲô
ӴʱҲƺʶʧԣˣ̬Ҳû˿ĸı䡣
˵ϹȥͽֺһиطޣΪطЩƫԶԹЩʧȣƵĹҲ̫ԸȥЩңȱһ͢ĹԱȥѾܾû뿪ʹˣ֮ǰͳɣ泯͢ȥֺء
һŶãɫ
ﾲģÿ˶ܸоеŭ⡣û˸ʱ˵ӵӵʧ
ʲôƫƫԶҲǲԶ̻ԸǴӴʱ̬ȡ
ʥΪӣСڹг󣬴һ˵Ҳ൱ۿŴǳġ
Ӹĸоһֱºǫͣһ㡣ҲһֱΪʥʵӢӼ̳дͳҲ˳µ¡
ȵλԼֿ֮Ժʥ֮һˣͬΪƵķٲʢԼ
ǺʹദôãȴͻȻǰоİ
ʥ֮ȥֺ
ÿڵ
ˣһʱ֮ڣͶɡ
һ˦һһƵڵϣֻĸ֣
Ǵӵ
һϣĴͳרŵһΪľǷֹڴʱ˲
һκ˶Υ
⻹Ǵӵһʹһõϡ
ڵƣõɫԲ԰˲١Ǻܿ죬þͻع
ּ
ùվֱúܿ뿪ˡֻ뿪֮ǰٿһ۴ӵıӰһɲʧ
Ϊ١Ҫòܵ۴ӵʲôΥ
ֻǣҪĴ𰸣

£ʧ̬ˣ
뿪֮һͻȻڴһĽŲһӰĴӺڰĽ˳
˫֣ϴԵĺۣйâת
У
һҲع
õʵ̫ͻȻˣ֪ԼΪʲôôʧ̬˲ͬö̫Ϥˡǰʱⲻʲô
ڣһжˡ
Ҳǰˡƫƫȴһ㶼ûб䡣
Ըֱ̫ˣ
ҲʱԶдǲȥԭ
ЩԾٱƢܷЩ⵽ô£һǷʲô
ͻȻڵʼĴ㵣ŭ֮󣬴ӼܵĸоһЩԾ
̫ٱãĳ֣ʵ⣬̬ȣͽȻͬϸ˼ǣʵ֡
Ŷ
Ҳüͷ΢壬˼ֻһ˲䣬һâһţ
û⣬һλҹ˰ɣ
ʲô
һ㵣ȻûᵽһλǴӼ˲ף
壬쵰
ӵ˫ս죬ĶͷҲǷŭ
λү˽µĶȫָơֻһһǾ֣λ̫ٱǵļƻУǷǳҪ˴£ЩΪʲô
΢΢ü¶һ˿Ի
Ҳһ˵Ҫٱ֮ĹϵԸԼʲôôأ
һ㣬ͬ벻ס


1686 ɫӵĽչ

ʱ֮Уȸһż㣬Ҵҵ˽
үոյϢӷ̫ٱñȥޣ
ʲô
һʱ˵̫ٱǴ֮ʦαغףʵ̫ͻȻˣ˭Ҳ֪쵽׷ʲô
̫ٱǴƵҳôҲ̫ˡ
˷׷Ϊ̫ٱƽڴƣѾ꣬Ѿͷ¶ˣ£ȴʼճ𾴣ʱ̫ٱǱᵽôңԶĵطȻǼеĲ
һ࣬ȴһ
¥ϵĻ淢Ч̫ٱӦ֮ȥ˴ӣ̫ٱԸֻλ治̫죡
а
ñᵽޣ߻ʵԶвܷʲô£޹ˣٲܵµǣ
̫ٱأ˵ͱ̫ٱʹӲͣҲǡǡھ¥ԼõĿڡ
ҾͲصˣ޵Զ̫ٱݣǻصϵģǻиҪҪȸϵˣôˣ
ʵ
үһжѾͰڽУеһжѾȥҹ˶ţһʲô仯ǵͿжǿд룡
ȸ巢ǰٷְٵϸִУǷǳأȸȻ¡
ڴ˰ʱ彻˺ܶˣɢȥ
ȵɢȥĬƬ̣ܿӻȡһСǱСֻаƴСָͷ񣬷֮С֣ϵ£дıȽԣ֮䣬ȴҲԳɷ񣬱һζ
ǲ֮ǰʦаһ̫޼Ԫɹĵá
̫޼Ԫɹųʮѧ֮ףĺֻܶɬ˵ҪҲвٵѶȡ
رǵʮһأʽ΢֮󣬺ܿ㷢ֺԽԽѣٶҲԽԽǺȻı뵽ԼʦаˣҽɹķҲ
а˺˴峤ײβƺıʲôյа˻רųʱ䣬˴峤һⱾɹϸĦһ飬еİ֮
Ҳڼǰа½ݷ壬ͬʱⱾĵý
̫м໯ߣ컯С
巭ҳϸϸĶɹַǳϣǴʱԣǷʽڽȻͬһкܶ漰ǸʱЩ֣¼ںܶɽ˵Ҳ⡣
аһڴˣЩ⣬ǳܼЩµĹһּ׶ķʽⱾС͸塣
ⱾСӣд棬ܶ͵ĵطҲӭж⡣
ԭˣ
ⱾСӣֻкܶطéٿƬ̣ܿϥ£մɹķھٴ
ˣ
𵴣һɹɽɫ¶ܿڱŷһɹ֮дϸȥֻɫһϸ緢˿ϵĴ
ЩϸԽԽ֮࣬ǰʱûеġ
󣬺һʮٴθ֣һ㣬㣬㣬Ĳ㡭Ĵɹϴ֮󣬱ﵽʮأ֮ѾȻʱȥֻ̬ȻȻֳٴļ
ˣ
һɹɸߵȼʱȡϵע뵽ڣĽԽԽ貣ʮҲٴ¡ֻһ죬ͣʱ֮ʮȻٴһ㣬ʮʮĲ㣬һ
Ƭ֮һʮٴһ㣬ﵽ˵ʮĵزͷȴȻûֹͣʮصʱͷŻ
Ҳ꣬һһŴ죬ͬʱƬߵȼռмȡȹ̾硣
ˣ
ҲʱͻȻ֮Ժ𶯣֮ʯû˿ףͻȻԺ
ɫӳɣӾӴ籾ԴҴڷӡ״̬򿪴˷ӡҪķһ㣬ǷҪ㣬򿪷ӡ

ԺедΪ⣬ɫǴɾλ񻰰Ĵٱ͸ģᵽöӺİΣء
֮ʯڽյӵ󣬺ܾ֮ǰѾʼ𣬵Ǵ˺˺ܳһʱ䶼ûеڴеĽôҲû뵽֮ʯȻڸ֮ɷ
̫ˣ
дϲΣһĽչڴɾһǧ꣬öӶûз仯
ǣ
ƽһ弸붼ûͬһһ̣֮ʯķӦȴ˲ˡ
һʧܣ㲻㣬׽޷ɣ
ٴѣ㲻㣬޷ɫӣʧܣ
֮ʯظΣû
һ㣿
һŷӦ֮ǰһûעһ֣
ôҪô࣡
֮ǰҲ֮ʯһܶණսףһ㣬ǳ֮ǰѾõ˴㣬ر˹֮սͺɺ֮սõĽԼʮƣ֮ʯҪǰǲȻʧɫ
㵣ϧ
ʼźͲ֮ܿ
ɫӵʲôĶΪʲô⿪ķӡҪķô㣿֮ǰļս֮ʯҲһ޲ߣϣ
ϧˣɫӵ飬ֻˣ
еҪķһ㣬ܴ򿪳׷ӡĶȻզ࣬ȴҲԽеĺ档ڶ֮ʯ˽⣬ԽķӴĶԽͷԽ֪ɾǰԼӵʲôʲôˡ
ʱܴ죬Ҳż֮֮Ժа취ռ㹻㣬򿪷ӡȻʱϿܻϺܶࡣ
֪սƣһȥܿҹԹ֮ڷĹġȻ˱飬λãеĺܶ๫ȻҲҪȥ
ݣ
ĵʱͻȻһϸ΢ƿӶдƤһ̧ͷ˴⣬һɲǣĺâһ


1687 ҹϮ
ȥպʱϨƣϢɣ
̧ͷͻȻڵ
ǣү
⣬ܿһ𣬼ٵĽŲУһܿתȥˡ
ȥ֮ͷĹģһ꣬彫ʹһرʼܣܿվƹ߳˴š
ҹϰϰվڴſڣȥֻһƬףһվΧػ
̧ͷһ۾Ϳ˶ΡȻʣ̻Ի͵Ĵƻʹ
ƵУڸۡ˽ʹƻʹģҲֻˡҲʥʵĶ衣
˼ʱͻȻһ󼱴ҴҵĽŲӶд
үŷϢһЩҶ⣬һЩ轸ү
ԶԶأʹһū͵ŷС嵱һҸۡġ
֪ˣϰɣ
ͷҲûأ
ǣү
ūд̣
Ҳͷشһɲǣ䣬û˿ףһӴȻūһ˹ȥ߷ݰ㣬һѱץ˹ȥס˲ӡ
үڸʲô
С־ֺ˫ץסֱۣʹš
ǣǻԲİϴβ³ĸۡоǣھȻҵǰŪ
תͷûȵС֣һ˺С˺һšƤ˺µƤ£¶ȴһ𺡢׺ݡΣյס
үǻ۽𾦰ʲôҲܹƭˣʼջ˫۾
һͻȻĶȴ±˺ƤġС˵ģǴб󷽴
δ䣬һӰȰ㣬ͻȻǽͷǵڶĵһһӰǽͷ
Щ˵Ŀܣ׷ۡ塣
ҹɫžǴƵн䱸ɭϣͭǽڣô˳֣Ѿ˸ϵĻټĸۡȴǾĵģЩڸۡΧȴһûκεķӦ
ͨ
֪ĸطĻһѣľ׮һ㣬˵ϣŵư㣬ԽԽĻŵ˵ϡ
ۡҲѻȸټĸۡ·ֻʣһˡ
ү治úԣ
ʱ˿̣ץеġСҲֹ̧ͣͷǰ壬ܣȻû˿η塣
ۣ
˵ʱʱ죬촽һţͻȻһɺɫ棬֮Уһźɫĵ裬۵糸ֱŶȥ軹ûпŵһɼȵȳζȻ綾ޱȡ

ɫ΢䣬Ȼ⣬ȴû˿ݡ
ûö迿һеġСһݺݵɳȥֻһײʮԺǽϣԺǽҵ÷顣öҲͬɵһߡ
̣
öڵϣִ̹Ƭʴļ󣬾Աߵһ滨Ҳ˲丯ʴ滨˲л
漴¡һ滨Ĳлصĵڵϣӿͺʮһ㡣
Ȼöޱȣ
ϣ
ɵ
Сͬʱһĸ
ݣ
һһӰϵشӰԺǽҡ̨ͤɽЩū͡ŮαװһԼٶȳɱ
뻹ʮɣЩ˾Ѿ˿籩ĹĻ棬ݱ֮Ħ֮½֮ǵضڻ֮УεıУ˸
һ͵ĺХ֪Щзƥ
Щ֮⣬ɫĵָܼ꣬Ĺ飬Χÿһռ䡣
ϴȣһγֵĺ˹ģ˲֪١ȻϴεĽѵЩȫбѾֿǵǿʵЩ˻ʧˡ
׼ôõĹ𣿡
Цһ˿Ϊ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬Щ籩Ĺ廹ɵʱ򣬰һ춯صĸһȦɫĹ֣ͻȻڱŷһͭǽڰ㣬˲佫еĻ桢С裬ԼĹȫ
ЩвηޱȵĹ̵ĽɫǰȫСӵһ㣬Եô
ôܣ
һ˲䣬˷з˶ĺһѻȸӲӣתĹ֣һ𾪵˵
Ϊص֯ΪԾӵĴڣѧѾԶԶ緲书ķ롣ôֹ֪ĸ֣ľǿ߶Ϊ֮ɻ
Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽ֻһ֣еĹΪС
ߣǲ
Ŀ磬ɨȫΧеĺ۵ס
ʮﵽʮ㣬ǰܹá޹֡һŷǳǿô޵ľأγһȸҪ̰ٱĻ֣᲻ɴݣܽеĹ赲
΢µĸ֣ƾƣҲ빥޹֡
ҲΪﵽʮջ񣬻ǰҪһ֮Կôˣ»ûôס
ڵˣ
嵭Χк˶
ɹԢԢؼ汸޹ֿɲصģҲǴɹķ
䣡
һ貵Ĵ޹仯û˷Ӧ貵Ľ쫷㣬תתһӴķ֮汬

˾־ĿУĹԼ֮ǰ桢С裬йȫɽХһ㣬緢˲˷ĺˡ
ĲҽУĺ߷ݰ㣬׷׷˳ȥݺݵĸط
𾪣
һɲǣеĺ˶оһǰδеľ˭Ҳû뵽ʵȻѾﵽ˵زһȫսʤĸо
һȺС󣡡
ڸۡ룬ĿԵøߴޱȡ
΢һˮ룬΢Ϻ΢ȫ֮ЩˣǰܶһЩвǵڣѾԸ
ˣ
˵ʱʱ죬˼䣬û˿ףһǿҵΣոͻȻвһ̧ͷ
ɲǼ䣬ֻһһ޴Ӱǵأ֮٣ݺݵ
һ÷ǳͻȻѸޱȣȵ巢ֵʱѾͷ벻Զˡ


1688 Ŀ
䣡
룬һۣ͵سͷȥֻһɲǣֻһһСصײһ
¡¡ֻһѵصľ죬Ϊģͬ˰㷭ڣһȦȦƤѣ汬ըȥ
ƥϯֻһգۣ֮һƬǽ塣
ǿᣡ
һƵӴĳ˫ƽӴɲǣֻоԼԵĲһֻƣһӴصɽ͡ǿֱֲӽ˫Ŷ˴֮Уûϥǡ
΢ǿߣ
ʯ䣬һͷԺзӶּͨʥ۷ܾ壬ԷʵѾ΢ľ硣
ɫһ˲䳯бҲķ˹ȥ
ҹɫ֮УӰأһôԣһϵĽһ޴ֱתһ˫ĿӸ£Լ
۹
ɫһ˳һھʦ֮У۹ǳֻǰѰ۹Щ̫һ
ͨڣ˵ĸоɭֲ
ϣ
忴ȥʱһﲻֱϵķ֡תͬʱ㣬˶
¡
ֻһգۣ۹ͨȼźɫ棬ֱӴȻͬݺɽѰ㳯幥
ֱۻû£޴ѾʹŤİۣ·նܲסһ㡣Ѿʹþ󲿷ֵĶǿĵ㺧ӡ
Ȼֻһ˲ʱ䣬кâһֲԥķ˷
һһ̤ͬڵ˳ͬʱڽէ֣ǰ΢ͬȼգ峹װУΪһ޴Ľɫ
䣬ڽɫУһϣһһɫֱͬŵĻһ㣬ӻգ֮䣬Ϳһͷ޴ħͬӻаεض
۵زؽգ
֮սУһ˹佫ϵõһŹѧⱾֻһŵͼѧȡ侫ȥɣžѧԼһѧϣȻݱһµ۴޵زؽգֱݻһ΢ǿѧ
۴޵زؽէһ֣ϵϢ籩һ㣬Ȼȶ۹Ҫǿҡ
䣡
ֻգ֮䣬ͬһֱɽҵײһƥϯȫɳѱ涫Ȼӳе廯۴޵زؽգס۹籩ĹһӴ۹һˡ
ֻǴӳе۹Ӵޱȣ۴޵زؽֻڲ֮䣬Ҫڶʱھʤ޿ܡ
ȻʵȴԤϵȫͬϣʯ䣬ֻһԽĽǱɽȻһԾգһŷһɲ
׹էּţֻһգ۱ʧӰ١ĴǰԭҵսҲ֮ȻֹŨУӴһһһһңңš
Χеĺ˿ƽһĻһɲȫ֪ʲô
꣡
ֻһ죬˴㵾ĿУӴ۹Ҽ絽󸹣ͻȻһֱĹ⻬Ѻۡһ۹Ӵϰ׹ڳ֮Уµİɽһ㣬ڹ̳֮Уһ
ϣ
巴һ壬㽫еĴɽ˽֮У֮еĴɽӴĲ˼飬ʵ۹ǿĴڣҲסɽһ
Χѻȸ֮ۡУһļžΧĺ˸ɫηȻûһ˸ǰûһ˸ܣ׼ȷ˵ҲҶһ£Ψ־˳е壬ɱ֮
ãǻ֮ӣȻһͻҵۻ
ھ֮Уû˿ףһصͻȻӶдһתŤͷȥֻĶǣһߴĻԣӰһһݣȰǽͷϡ
Ӱ۴䣬Ȼһɫ۵ĺУ߸ߵǵӰһ۾ע⵽˫۾ûмһ˫۾һ˿飬ںҹ֮УǳҪ貣ӰǰΧеĺ˶ʱϰС
Щ˵ͷ죡
һ˲ӦΧĺ֮ûܣηԼη߸ߵģĺ졣
ǻôϲ̨氡ȻԾӣԶôηη͵Ϯɱ
忴ǵӰǼȻ˵ţȴһƬȻ
ǿ
ǳǿ
ӰֵһͱܵĸоһɼǿвԷȻѾʶˣɢݳϢȻǿޱȣâڱĸо
ǰҲҿ
ʱһԵĺɮĶ壬Χ飬һҲͬŭ壬ֻǵӰǰ԰ˡ
񣿡
üͷһ壬ܿʲôЦ
ԭ³ĸۡҴǸôûе֣𣿡
ڼα飬³ǰ߱Ҳʱ˹ϣöȻ³ӰȫЩ˶Ŀڶ࣬ͨȻҲӦ̽ˡ
ǺǣҪȡͷͬҪȡҪǣҪģɲֻǣ
ǹصҹһ㣬ҹɫдϰ仹ԶǽͷǺ䣬ǵ߸ߵӰͬȰƾճǰ
һɲǣ͵һȻҲûпʲôγԼǰģ˵ĸоͺûƶʼվվǸλһ
עģλ͸¶Ԣ⡣
ԣǴǹ𣿡
ͫһڵ
Ӻͺ֮ĺ֮ǰصģ뵽һ𣬲³ɱ֮֮ĺѾûʲôܿˡ
Ǻǣ̫ˣλ¿ǷǳĲϲȻҲϲЩ׵ĻӻǵҪǸɵһ֮ӵĻǲģһɵġ
΢΢һЦ
˵ͷ죬ϸȥǳᣬʵǳǿ󣬵Ƥ𪣬òȴֻʮңͬһʿ֪ףǰʿȻ֯߸ϵ
ģͷһȦӡǣöϸСǳӡǡ
һ廹ûʲôһһ˳忴һЩͼ֯񣬶ͷϵöǳȻе϶ǡ


1689 ɣ
һɲǣԺ˲Ϣӹͷ㱼ƺʲôһʱ֮ϸֱ档
ǿԸˡʲô񡢷ǰûκ壬ɱҲֹһٶɱһ
ֻһգۣܿعǰġ񡱵
һ˵ţһָս΢΢սϵĴɽôһϸСĶע⡣ĿƳһǱɽЦЦ
ǴɾߵǱɣȻӴ벻ǧ֮󣬻˿ʹѽ
۰ڶһ˵ţһǰĿȴʼû뿪ɽ
ϧͲ㣬ҲףҲգν㣬Ҿһȥɡ
𣿡
仰ɫ΢䣬һѿסϵĴɽ֮ͫбɭɱ
û
һ䣬һӴƿնε˶ġ񡱡
ͬΪıȻ֪ʵʲôزҲ˿η塣Щ֯ˣΨһɱֶѡ
Ǻǣ֪¹ôɽɱЩһ٣ɽͳǣǵɽԸǣ޲ɼ
ȴ̬ݣң۶ָһ˭Ҳûôģһ̣ʳжָ֮䣬ӰȻһ߰˴ң͸ĺɫġ
δĶıɫէһһƬϸʱȴо㣬ͬǳӿеǳתȴһӴӵ󷨡
ʦӡˡֿ飬󷨷Ҳмߵ裬Ҳδ˷ϵ󷨡
һݣһǿҵΣС
Ȼ֪öʲôʲôãǺʣԸԼɱﵡ
ΪǿʲôֶΣɱ˵
ʯ䣬ͷӹԺһ̣α֡
䣡
ƽһըû˿ԥ˲еĴɽɲǼ䣬ŷһԳԽٶȣǰġ񡱼նȥ
ǰ죬˿Ҵ⣬һ־㾡ȫʨӲྡȫɲ﷭¡
Ÿոռɽһ̣ʼϲ鷢ˡ
еɽѾʩչܶΣһƮݣٶ׻𣬵һΣŸոʩչͻȻһͣûƽ飬ɽһ㡣
䣡
һһɹɻԵľŷر̳ۡǰȻһֱﵽʮ׵ľ޴ӶȻ޴һȴˡ
ô£
һʱɫ֮ǰûгֹ
ǺǣҲͺ˵㲻ǵɽԸǵģ
ɿ⣬мöɫķЦǼ
飡
δ䣬ָһеöɫȼգУǳ貵Ĺâ漴ŷͬөһ㣬û֮С
һĻޱȣȻû׹ʲôһ̣ϣɽһȻ׹䡣
ʹָƮݵĴɽͻȻֹֹ֮ˣڴɽڲӽɵλÿʼͺɫһģһĹͻȻ֣Ѹٵӡ
ֹˣĸ֪УɽڲȻһδ֪ǿ϶ɬ͸һذƴϡľǣʹɽȻ෴ڲϷӡɽ
Ĳʳ£ֻеĴɽԽԽء
꣬ͬһʱ䣬һӶдһݣͷȥֻеĴɽԭ⻬ƥĽһ־˵ٶȸϰ߰ߵ⼣
㵽ʲô
ŶĿޱȣǰһĻѾҲ޷κεȥͺͱ
ɽǴɾԴӵõɽʼ弸ǵӦ֣ûǰĺֻȼһŷôɽ޷ó͵ı仯
Ǻǣɾûи㣬ɽڱӡ״̬𣿡
ԶˡЦ˵ĵһ仰һݡ˼ɵģ޷ǾǱɽûɽ¾¹ɣ嶼ܹնɱˡ
һпסеĴɽ˷Ŷˡ
Ȼڱӡ֮Ȼóɣֻǻԭӡģչ鲻ġɽҲֻʱһΰˡʱˣȻǴȥ±ܣ
֮ħ
δ䣬Ŀһ˲ӡʳжָȻһ𡣺䣬һ̣𶯣֮ǰȼշɢеǧȻٴθ֣˲ܣͬǳ㣬һʱٴ뺣㣬ȫû뵽Ǳɽ֮С
꣬һ飬Ȼ𣬴ɽЩ߰ߵ⼣ʱ԰ٱ֮ǰٶѸֻһգۣ͸סɽ
䣬ʹɽ֮ԭˮ齻ڵϵʱһۻƴһնϡû΢ϵеĴɽʱıɽͰء
һ죬׹䣬ֱӴֶؽ֮С
һĻ仯ֹ壬Χһ˶Ǵ㵲ѣ׷ʲôֻɫƺϵ
֣
ûи˼ʱ䣬ڴɽֶ׷ӡɲǣ˲䷢˽
䣡
Ȼ׾巢ʲôǺʣеɽ⣬ǼΪġһ̣Χеĺȫ˷ٴηҵĽ
ɣ
ͬһʱ䣬һԣɮһȻǰһ̣һ󼤰߿˻쳹ںɮ˵ͷŤȻԳһͷ޴ĺɫ
ޱȣǰ̶ֻͷ޴Ϊһֻ޴ȭһִݿ࣬ѵذƣĺһҵĺ
Ǵ˵еƣɸһͣٱľѧɮһʹ˵ĸоݣٴﵽ˰벽΢ľ硣
ߣө֮Ҳԣ
ȻҸִ֮ʧȥǿĴɽ屾ʵȻû˴ɽҲǿԶԿ˵ġ
䣡
ֻһգۣ˲ʧ
նݣ
û˿ԥ˲ʩչǿѧ䣬ֻһĲҽը˷һŸոƿնûзɳɣʱһ·ײһεǽڣһǿ׷ɳȥ
˻һ˺ѵݺᣬһһͷ϶ʱһƴ۵ɫǰ󶴿ֱͦͦĵڵϡŵڶһ˷׷ױ̴ڵϣϢޡ

ʧȥҪĴɽȻӵµһĽѧֻǺ֮ǰͬһû֣ѹԵǿʵǰһ˷׷߹岻ϵһһնɱ


1690 ϶׶
䣡
ȭཻɮʱڣǺէһ֣ɫɷףִټһ󷭣ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣܹһĽˣǽںɮ˹ͺͺԴϣһǳǳĽۡ
һ˲䣬ɮɫ䣬֯棬ҲʵߵǿߣȻû뵽ǰȻһжոһӦ죬ʱıܿķâֻһ촦Ľһưˡ
èĹҲǰŪ
ʱһߴӶдúɮ࣬ޱȡ
Ȼһ࣬ȴûɮˣһΣնʩչ£ֱȥ
ֻɱ񣬲ܽеս

û˿ԥʳжָһָһɰĽʯԾ˵ٶȵ
Դոҹᣬõָ֮ڽϵĽʱͻͽвǰȣѾûǰֺƴףֺ࣬ʵ޻ϴǦ豹ζ
һٶȺȴǳɱҲ弴ʧȥ˴ɽɴݲȵԭ΢ΪżµĽ£Ȼ˵ûܽסˣҲ޼
Ȼһ̡
䣡
Ƭ类ضϵľһ㣬´ֳһֹĴλУǽ쵽µı֡Ȼ־ڱصõһȴնˣĽû䣬һֲ˼ķʽٴιʧˡ
ǺǣȻǵĴնݶѧˣҾȻֵزЩҲûܱȵˡ
Ʈ˷ȵʧˣâһʮ⣬ӰȻһϡ
ÿ죡
ͫһһĻҲ΢΢ɫ
նѾ֪ģģѧˣʩչ£ѱ棬Ҳ֮ͨԴܸٵĹ켣
ľѧѾǧһˣôҲû뵽ǰĺʩչľѧȻȴնݻҪ졣ҽǣ޺ۼѾԹܶζûܹ׽Ҳûзƶġ
Ǻǣ㲻ˣҵĶ֣նֻǴЩľѧ϶е츮ϵĴնݺҵǹͬһġ
ԶԶأ񣬻˵츮Ӹ£Ŀƺѿ͸ʲô
û˵ȴԽأǰѾö䲻ɽ⣬ԷѧֱԼ࣬ûƣʱ÷ǳı
ǹ⵽ʲôѧ֪֯¼˶ٹѧЩеĶѧԶûоͷһ
ȫٴС
ЩѾܳʱĽˣ屾ҲʶǷǳ˽⣬Ǵʼ֮սݺӣ¹ɣٵǰ츮Щ˽ӴԽ࣬˽Խ࣬ԼЩԽĲ˽ˡ
ǵĵֱ̼Ī⣬˸Դˮµ׻жôӴ
Ȼ˼һ̣һоһɴ˻͵Լϡͬһʱ䣬д츮
ϷѾھ׽ɣ֮ӣ
츮䣬֡
ˣ
ֻһգۣ츮ٴһֹķʽʧҰڡͬһʱ䣬ͻͻֱһּ䲻ĸод
ã
룬ͬնʩչ£͵Ťһȥ
飡
ֻƼҵײһ𡣰һҽУһգ˿ͬʱƣֻĺȻһֻ߰˴೤ļ׶Ǽ׶һ㣬ͬʱɢ貣ǳĹâ
ɣ
͵̧ͷĺ츮ոһɲ˫ཻ츮Ȼļһö׶һ׶͸ƣһ׶ĵʹǼ׶͸ĵطܡ
Ǻǣʶǳ϶׶ר֮ӣ
ɿ⣬츮ڰ֮УΧŤӰãȻ۳һűᾣ͹ƽİɫǳ
Ȼڲޱȣϸȥȴһ׹ɢС
ҪˣٶȻ㶼ҵĶ֣û˴ɽҵۻһܹܣ˵ǶԿҵıˡ
츮ȻһЦ¶һ˿Цݣ漴ٴγ֣˲ʧԭء
ˣ
츮ʧɲǣȫľͬˮƿնܵÿһռ䣬ͬʱһʱ֮Դ硣Ѿǿһɲǣʱ·Żľ̺Χÿһռ䣬ͼѰ츮
ûõġ
ʱ츮ٴδӶߴƮ޷ʶ
ͣ
ͬһʱ䣬һϸС΢ɲ죬ͻȻӶдէʱͷƤ飬вһǿҵΣС
츮ĹĪ⣬ҲоĴڣȴ޷ж׼ȷλã乥ʽףȫԽеѧ
ݣһΣŲƣܣͬһʱ䣬ĴԣŸ֪еĴλ緢
̫ˣ
츮ٴδֻһȴһ򣬶ҾͺߣͺǴӶġͣͬһʱ䣬һ׶ĵʹҼ紫һö϶׶׻Ҽļ翲ѨС
ͬʱһѸٵڴ͸ʱеԼ΢·һ㣬˲١һ޷ʩչ
̫ˣҵٶȸ
ҧֻоеĵطҵʹ·еĲѪ⣬һ㡣ɫɷףͷϸܵ亹Ȼɱżȵ򶨣û˶˷硣
츮׶֪ʲôɣޱȣ˵ʹмٱǿȫԽͨĵ֮ˡģĪ⣬ȫ޷жϵٶȡ
Ӵľϡ֮Դδʧ֣ʲôҲãҲãǰΣǡ츮ͬսҲһЩ
ϢһƬ磬ߵϢȫͬĺΧĻԼеһΪһ壬ԡ֮ԴҲ޷֪ĴڣоΣ
ѧᡰ֮Դûз顣
츮ǿȫԽ񣬴ﵽһΡ


1691 µ츮
ؼǣٶ̫ˣ͡նݡȣֱֹͬҽǣ޺ۼҪ֪նݡѾǵĴѧˣ츮ٶȾȻȴնݻҪ죬ֱ˼顣
ڴ֮ǰ廹ûȻѧ֣
һ˵ٶȳԽ˼ޣﵽЧǣе϶׶Ȼܹ֪Ĵڣȴоÿ䣬ͷ·ÿλÿռ䶼һ׶Լ
Ѿȫ׽׶
̫ǿˣ
弫ѹźԽΣʱԽǲܻҡ֪ǰζԼ䲻츮ǿţսֻҪһʧ󣬾·һ
Ǻǣɱ¹ƵñԳɱ㣬ֵزѾ൱ˣֻϧȻҪ
츮Ӷд֮У½ƮЦЦ˵ʱΧӰٴλûһž޴ǳ
ҲʱͻȻ֣֮ǰ֣۳öǳʧ֮󣬾Ȼûʧ
һɲǣ·뵽ʲôһʱ֮䣬ȴ޷ֱС
ͣ
һˣ츮䣬ٴγ֡
һΣѾ׼ˣ츮ӰոӰʧԾͬԴնʧԭء䣬ֻһĺڵ·ɽХ緢һΣֱʩչͭǽڰĴ޹֡
֮ǰǿŴ޹ֵ˽˸ֵĹûˣȫɡ
ûõģҵ϶׶޼᲻ݣרһл񹦺ѧ
츮ƽƽӶдһ̣һ͵죬Ĵ޹ַ·ֽһ㣬һļ׶һٹᴩ

ͺһģеĺ춼ѨȻ˵Ө׶
츮ľٶǰеͽ͵ģȻûһܹ׶
벻޹ֵֶס׶
ͷ亹乣Ǿҵʹڼ˺ÿһ񾭣ֹˣҪǣ׶룬оĴ޹ɫ˲١
ַͨʽǯƣҵĹ
һǣ·ʲô¹ɣֻǰ츮ȫϧ֮ԼʵȻ츮ϾҲ΢ǿߣ츮ȻַͨʽԼʵһɱ֮Լ̶ǰ
һ㣬֪ԼĴʱûôΣգֻ뵽취ǰֻµʱȻ·һ츮ٶʱ¾̫á
ô˼Բ𣡡
һֱտڲ츮ƺʲôЦһö׶ٴԼ͵һصѨ
һ׶׼޷
ööһöһö϶׶ϵĴϵҪѨ̶ֻʱڣʵ࣬ȥºܿͻ΢ˡֹˣ廹츮׶ƺһܹжԼ΢ԴȪߵȼռ֮ϵ
տʼʱ廹ܴǸߵȼռԴԴϵļȡԿ츮սڣȴԼ΢ߵȼռ֮䣬ͺһģɳһ㣬˴֮ϵҲɶࡣ
οʼö弫䲻ȥֻԼ΢һ̣Ҳ츮ɱֵʱ̡
ô죿ȥֻ·һ
ҵʹ˺壬ϵ΢΢ʪ͸ɱ侲ͬʱԺ԰ٱٶȼ˼
κ书Բ޵еĹֻҪҵеܹ׽һܹ
Ժд˷ʶģŤͷƳһԺǽ֮⡣
ǺǣûõģΪļսѳǷͳܹӹһ𣿡
ֻһ򵥵Ķо츮Ŀⶴʯһ۾Ϳ͸
Ȼ֣Ϊ񲻻ῼǵһ𣿸οɱģɲֹһ
ʱ޷ȷǽϣǴƻʹĽѾȫӹΧܳκ飬κεĶ˹鿴ģ
츮ƮӶдݵȻȻ¶һƿȫֵơȻһεжѾƻ൱꾡ûиκεĿɳ֮
ԣжʱȥΧľ񣬶ǾǴƵĻʹǶԷȻҳ֣ȻѾǵЩκεԮԮ
ϣ
гأ˼ԲߵʱͻȻҹһ󼱴ٵ˼žüͷһ츮ͬ˫üƺҲ൱⡣

ȫϣһŹ
Ÿ룬֪ͨ棡

ԶԶأһӵǼٵ׵ڼĳӽ

˿ڣʶĿһ۶츮Ӧһ֧ıʮҡӺ츮ǱѾΧȫ֪ǴĻʲôȻһ˹ؿ
棬츮Ȼ㣬üЩѿŸո˵ﱻΧˮйͨû˿ԿϾͳһȻڴ
βûгãҹУЩıֻͻһСεľ룬һ˻ĲҽУ̶̵ֻʱ䣬е㶼Ȼֹ
ԶһƬžһͣûϢһоͷ·ʲôҲûзһǶӳȫʧ·ƾһ㡣
һ˲䣬гȥʣЩȫˡ
츮û˵ѣжȻѾΧ޵ǶǱɳȫˡ
һǰδеΣдвڵ弸Ѿ·ӡ֮ǰͲѵˡ
֮֮йâһĿʱüᶨһȻ޿ɱܣҲ޿ˣֻʣսһ;ˡȲܴ򲻴ù츮ԸͲԴ֮ͽ
ˣ
һ̣󣬰һĺһһ¥̻Իͣͬһ㣬һڽڲϵİθߣֻգۼ䣬ʮʱȫͷų
ƾһץʮ۱仯ûһӨ͸Լ׶೤׳ǹ
֮¾
ع֮ʹùʮ컯Ϊһǹһ˴ɹӴޱȣ
ȻˣǾսװɣ
ǰ츮η
ڤ粻飡
仰츮Ŀһ䣬Ҳñޱȡ
䣬δ䣬츮ٴʧԭأͬһʱ䣬һ͵еĳǹ
ԴնݵٶȣٸԴ֮¾׻Ĺ߽ϣѾ޽ӽ츮ٶȣҲԸ츮Ψһϣ


1692 һߣ
䣡
ʯ䣬׹һɫĳǹҵĺڵϣеһɽͬΧƬĻ԰ˮأ̨ͤ¥󣬶ʱ촷ֱۣ̳ϼƼ侪ˡ
Ȼ־ڱصõһˡ
飡
ͬʱһֻ޹ǣ͵ţеɲǣһɽХ͸룬ҵıֻһƣֱӽӰݺݵʮĵϡ
䣬ֻһıը̳ʮ׸ߣеĵμΪҽ
ۣ
̳ɢŲһںɫѪ͵˳
Ѿʮһ϶׶ʵѾ½ԭ߳ɲҪɱ㣬ֱ練ƣ
Զ츮ƮƮڰУƽذ㣬һĿӸ£Ŀͷ·һһ㣬սڣеһжƿ֮УѾȫĽ֮С
𣿡
̧ͷĨȥǵѪͬʱĶҪٴγ֣Զ츮Ŀһ䣬ʱٴγ֡
䣡
һҲӵͣûзӦͱһƻ磬߷ݰ˳ȥصײǽ֮ǰײĻҪԶ
ҵĶ֣㷴Խͻܵʹĥֺαֿأ
츮ֻһطƣһڵϣޱȡ
ߣ
ͷɢңڵϣܽ츮½ǶţȫϷŪڹ֮䣬Ŀս⣬ʼû˿ľ⡣
棬츮Ƥһ£ȴûмųֻ֡Ц𶯣Щϵ׶Լ츮ƣѾˡ
ֻ΢ǿ߸ۺһԶʥ侳ǿܹģҽսѾı˲ԣڻʵ׼ȴʱֻҪ츮¶һ˿ˣҷ
һȻã츮ΪȻܹоĵڻԾռžԵϷ磬ȴʼûʹɱﵣ
κλġ
ֻǺ̵ܶʱ䣬츮˫üչܿͻָ
֪Ϊʲôѡ϶ֻΪҹ˾㶯֣ʵҲ޷
츮΢΢Цţһֱָա

ĸۡϿգԭڱΣһΣ츮һָͥԺͻȻӿڱεû˿ף˲Ϣͬȥĳˮ㣬ɢȥ
ʶģ̧ͷաкڳģһʲôһ̣ƺ츮ǸָӦһ㣬ҹУڰȻֳһġ貵ǳ͵츮Ӧ츮ͷϷ
϶ǣ
ͫһʱʲô
϶գ츮˾ʱǰκεĻᣡ
츮ԶԶĿ壬ĿϷʡ
ôѾǸ⿪ˣⳡжʱˡʮһö϶׶û˴ɽôҪٽƣ΢ĸͻᾡ٣䵽ʥ侳
ĵʱǱµЩʹܹ׵ɱ㡣
츮˵仰ӹһĨɫ
䣡
âһ츮˲ʧͬʱ˲󷽣ٴһƻ塣
һƴ󣬶͸һʱٴ壬ݺݵҷɳȥ
춯صľУĵط̳ʮ׸ߡ
̫ˣ
֪Ҫ֣ǵֵס
̳УڵϣǿѹƣȻƣǺͷһһϺɫѪҺƲסɴ˳
츮ǳÿһ£嶼оڸһ㣬ͬʱǹɸߵȼϵҲԽ΢һ֡
ȥҪˣ
а
һֱҪѰ츮һڿϣã츮ûҵµһ֧Ųסˡ
һƣ
һ츮Ӱٴθ֡
ֻһΣ֮ǰȻͬ͸һɼȱΣյϢ
䣡
䣬츮ٴγֻ֣һûʹֱĪĹǲκλɣ͵һƳ
һѾ׼츮ʧɲǣһݣ͵رͬʱһֱͬɽ鱬㣬籡
ǽɫ΢ͬȼյĽɫ㣬ҹնΪ˰磬廹ǵ͹츮һƵ

ֻһҽУէͱ츮һƻšӰкݺݵɳȥ
ֹˣһɲǣо츮гǧУȫкբ֮ˮ㣬ڡ
΢ǿߣڵԶͨľǿ߿ɱȣ츮һǰƣֱӾɢɢڵ΢ҲֱɢﵣĵԺҪ֮С
ײڵصɲǣһҲųˮס֮ʵ̫ˣôã߾ȫĵֿվʧˡ
ߣ˵ģ֮ͻʧȥеĵֿھشɢĸѾɢѾû˺ͱԿʸ񣡡
ߣХ츮һٴδֳĽżһڣĴӿ£ĳ
ᣬĿ͸һ˿ŨŨɱ
ڸ߸ϵɷ˵һУи߸ϵľߣֻ΢϶ѣֻҪԸ⣬Щνǿ߶ᱰ΢ͬϰȥ
ûκεķܹǶԿΪǲܺԿġƫƫ֮ӡ
ϵʱǾѾ´˱ɱ
ֻǽж岻ûԽԽǿɳ߱飬츮Ҳò棬Խ
ǰ黹ûзֱǲġ
ڣ˶鷳ʹð˶ı¶ķգһжѾû塣
Щǰ֮ҲվֻǸͷ϶ѣȻȲԼˡ
ڣɣ֪ǴڵˣᱻйǵһУǰһٴڸ
ХҸۡϿӹ츮Цһǰͣ£ͬʱһƻʵ죬尴ȥ
ֻ𪡢޳ϣ̹ǰħ߸ʴԵֻҪһƣλ֮ӵ已̥ͻ᳹׵ĻΪ촷ۣκεĺۼ
ˣ
츮µƣлҰ˼㡣츮һƲֹҲͬסȫѨ
ڵһ¶츮ǰȫǴ׵ĸ


1693 ŵĽ
ôѵҪУ
ͷɫ԰ޱȡ
Դ̤΢廹û֡ѾȫȥԿֻ츮ʵԶĻҪǿĶࡣۿֻԽԽҪڶԷ£ʱѾȫʧȥеĶԿֶΡ
ʱ
ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬û˿ףһͻȻԺ
¼ڷ
û巴Ӧһ̣ԺͻȻһֱŵ֮ʯͻȻһӴǰδе˲Ϣͬһ㣬ڣ츮֫ٺ϶֮ٴ뺣һӿԺ֮У֮ʯȫա
ϲӡ12
ôܣ
һ۾ˡӡĽɣҪɽȴҪһ㣬Ǹ֣˵ҲԳܣҲҪʱ䣬Ͼ֮ս˹ҪսѾˡ
ֻôҲû뵽ǰһ廹ΪôȡôӴһ̣ķ֡
츮Ȼ㣿
ĳд㵲ѡ
ϸ룬ৣһ̣һݣ˲һƬҶ㣬ŵ棬ʮԶͬʱ䣬һֻȭ£ԭµĵط̳ʮ֮ߣ̳֮Уһľ޴Ӷ
ӶıԵһӰվĴ㵡
Ȼһôܣ
츮ǰյĿӶԶ壬һ¶𾪵ɫ
ʮһ϶׶ټϺƣÿһƶ̺˰϶ÿһƶʵʵĻ壬֮ӵĵϸԴȪѾٴܶһ££Ͳһ
Ȼȴˡ
ܣһСС࣬ôƶû£
츮˲䷭ɲ
һɲǣֹ츮Χӵĺ˶ˡ
ĹȻˣ
ÿһ˵϶͸ͬ𾪡رԶĺɮˣĲšҲмʱ䣬ǿз˶ģĴڣѾǸ񻰡
ڹȥǧֹвһЩǰġ֮ӡǿ֯ڲͽûʮһ϶׶֮󣬻ܹж
ûսУĹ
ֻҪҪԸˣû˿ѣ⡣
䣡
Ȼֻһɲǣಣâһ츮ٴη˹
Ҿţϣɱķˣ
һ츮ɫޱȡ
ã
һ࣬츮Ÿոһʱ΢΢ɫ츮Ѿսôõʱ䣬ˣѾ͸˶Էս񣬲Ѱҳ
ֻǣεȥȣǲԣȥ㣬ǽɢ£Ҳʼ޷Ĺ˵硣
䣡
ʯ䣬ѾʩչնݡգҼˣûһֻһһն·ѿˣУԭλôԼʮ߰׵ĵط͵һѪ츮һƻţ߷ݰ˳ȥ
̫ǿˣ
ʯ䣬ԺһͷȻصڵϣڵϻУϳһ׶ĳۣһ̣ײһʮ׸ߵĹŻϣײѱըľмֱ̳
Ũը˸߷׷׻ɡ
֮ǰĽѵ츮һ֮֮ǰҪӴĶ࣬Ҳ߱Ե

츮һھ׵İУ˫Ŀݣ絶ƽޱȣĶ屻ĵطû⣬һƣӦѾȫеľ϶֮ȫϸ׵̱
϶ӣ
츮ǿ֮һڹһǧûܿסһС츮ײʩչһУϣѾ֤츮ʹʵ
һƬž
츮Ķը̳ߵĵطͬĿڴ
Ȼ
ȿȡ
һ΢ĿͻȻУ̳֮УһӰ΢΢˵СȻ̳ڣУǴȻλ֮ӡ

һĻΧȺһƬȻк˶𾪣ȫԼ۾
ⲻܣ
츮۴ȫԼ۾
ƣ
ѾǵˣҲʩչʵȻǺ𡣾ǱǿĴڣܽʵʵһ֮󣬻ٵվһֻǷԡ
ܿԾ˵ƻأ
⵽ô£
츮вˣһȫ޷͵顣
ȿȣ츮Ȼһ̫֯ϲҲòϣ֯ʵȷʵСɲô
һ΢ĿԣҡҡλΣĴ˳ȥ
ϵ飬¶Ƥϣܶط˺ۣѪˮ󣬿˲ᡣεǱͬʱȴԽ
벻ȻĿԱӡգҽʡ㣡
ϵƲᣬȴ˷ܲѡȻ֪ô£Ѿȷһ㣬츮ǿĴڣϵǡǡҪġɾöصӣ츮ĵڶ֮󣬾Ȼ̶ȴﵽ10û뵽ġ
仰˵Ͱôƣ൱ʡʮ㡣
Ҫֻ֪ǰưǰ󻹲һӵʱ䣬׬ǮٶҲδ̫ˡ̲סҪٶతϼƣ

һ࣬츮ȴûôࡣĻ츮ĿһвȻŭ䣬Ҳ˵仰֮츮һΣʧ˿Уͬʱһʩչ˼ޡ
ৣ
˵ĿУǰңĸλȻĸ츮Ŀһģһɢ˲Ϣֻһ˸û巴Ӧĸ츮Ӷӵϡ
䣡
ֻ𪡢޳ȴ˻ƴĸλֱĸλлǰصѨͺĵѨ⼸ҪѨ㱻ͨǿ߻жҪ˼˵츮ּǿߡ
ȻĽ
¡¡
𵴣֮ѿһĹѣ涼³˰˾ųߡȻվġ塱дžһըɢ۷裬ȴǺޣˣ

ܣ
һǣ츮˫͵зһ˺ѵص˻


1694 ΣеĽ
˵֮ǰļƣ츮ԽͳɣΪԼʩչûʩչʵôһξȫͬˡ
û˿ܵӲƣ΢ҲǰһѾȫ֪
̤ЬٴȫѹЩ˵Ȼܱɫգ
һ࣬ʱ˿̵ȴǻϲѣȻȻ޷𵴣츮ȷȷʵʵڲϴ򿪽ɫӵķӡ
ӽ̶152027
Ժ֮ʯϤ̶ʱڣ츮ƣɫӽ̶ȾȻѾﵽ27൱ڶʮ㣬һʼѹû뵽ġ
ҲһЩĵط
츮֮󣬽ɫӽ̶ӦÿԴﵽ30ʵϲˣӶеݼЧһֱ޵ӡ
а
Ǻǣ츮㲻ֻ㱾°ɣ֯ԳƵɷ𣬾ȻһҲκβˣҪȥ»ᱻЦɣ
̧ͷŶ츮ͻȻڵǼ
Ȼҵ츮ѵġôܻ׷Ź
ˣ
仰츮ɫ࣬Ҫҧˡ
СӣΪκβ𣿡
츮ɱ糱һҪٴγ֡

˵ʱʱ죬ʱбɲӰһһӰب츮ǰ
СģСйŹ֣ƺܹǵĪ⣬ΪõԸҲܽˣ
仰жһʱɮ˲֪ʱ츮ԡ
һﵹЩǣ
һǶ˼֣ء
εεĵֽȻͬĶȻ츮ӦòõΪ»ա
һ౻ɮһѣ츮ͻȻӱŭѹ
С㵽ôģ
츮ϾѰʢŭ֮ܿз˶ߡ
ԣļŭյֻ֣һ㣬츮벻ף΢ͬСɣرǳ˻ʲôֶģȻӲƻ
Ǻǣ򲻹Ҿɣ֯˻ʧ
ȴһЦܶ
˫ΪУȻܴԼĵ͸¶Է
ߣ
츮Զʱɫһ䣺
㲻˵ҲûйϵҲа취ʳ
ϣһ䣬ֻһɽӺɮƿնԶ츮Сһɲǣըֻһգۣ츮ٴʧֻһΣнӰ֮֮ǰԽա
Σգ
츮ʧƤһо״Ȼ򶨣ʵӽŵ׵ңÿһ񾭶ýġ
ʵʱȲ츮һκ˶ףر츮һ͵ϣֱʤҸ
ˣ
һɲǣʱ·ֹͣΧžȫľͬչ˼㣬ʮԼ컯ȫͷųסȴûзŹΧÿһռ䣡
츮ûֻв׽ΣпӹһȻΧյģϤĸоٴӿо츮ϢϢȴޣͬÿռ䣬޴жϡ

һɲбýģʱţʱÿƳһ̣ΣվͶһ֣ٳٷֲ츮ϵķɽֻ½ɫӺ֮ʯȲ
ݣ
˵ʱʱ죬ʱһϸ΢Ľ֮˿ҪϸȻ֮ĸ֪У룬ƴȫһͬʱնʩչ¡
䣡
âһԭվͻȻıը͵һѪ䣬һ󴮵Ѫʧͬʱ֮Уε볾
Ľȥʮ⣬ģһۣ֮е
ܣôܶùҵĽ
ͬʱԭվĵطͻȻһͺ츮ֳֳվС
ĿԶ壬Ĳ˼顣
¹˲ͬ츮ԴǳֻҪǳâգûеִﲻ˵ĵطǰ漸ҲֻӲĹӲĹ
ǰһĻѾȫԽ֪ӲƻԽܡ
츮ǭ¿ˣ
ʱһԶ츮лðɡ
쵰Ѱ·
ǿ⼤ŭԼԼĸ̲꣬ס年еŭ
ϣ츮һн֮֮ǰκһζҪӺڳĽУ츮ٴʧ֮С
ڣ
츮ʧɲǣͫһʧ

ڼնݵͬʱڵĲҲ˼£һ̣͸գٴθӦ츮һ˼㣬ȴϸ΢˼Ľ
츮Ҳ뵽Ϊ÷ķɽԸ壬弫ȻٶԶ츮ڽһϣµһĲڽϵ跴Ҫǹ츮
Ȼɸо츮ϢȴܹоǱɽ˵巴Խ˱ܹ츮ķɽˡ
һ࣬츮ȴ֪еʵ
ҵҪܶùҶУ
츮ƮӸ
ܱ츮ûںЩĹһнһУԽԽ죬ҲԽԽ
ͣͣͣ
һһգĸۡظ󱳡羱طϵıɽˣѪӿЩĽ뵽֫ٺС
ӵǿĽ裬ͨɽ֪츮λã츮ٶɲԱģܹ޸оԷĹȴ޷ȫܣڵĴ
ϵĽ˲ۻҲԽԽգÿһζէּţ츮Ĺ£֧穣ֻм֮޷֮
ˣ㾡ȫԼķʽȫ츮
ɫӽ̶303132
Ժвϴ֮ʯ
츮Ϊ󣬶ӰȻ£ܹɵǳޣɫӵĽ̶ҲϷŻܾòһȣ⻹弫תһֽĳɹ
У׽еķɽ޷ıǰľ棬ȥֻܱ򣬵󣬻һҪ
ʩչնݲϵŲԺͷת˲Ϣǧͷ
ղɾãȥ޷ˡ


1695 ʵ磡
ôȥˣѾôˡ
Ժһͷȴûټ˼ȥ
ͣ
棬һĽϸ˿һͬʿˮ˰㣬һΪֱ
һ쵽ߣ˼άԸϣһУֻ·һ
Сӣһҿζ
츮˪òһװըֻһ˲䣬ԭͿ쵽Ľ˲Ϣﵽһֲĵز
һƽϸȻ仯ΪһƺƵĳӣһضΪ֮ɫ
¡
һ֣Ѿӹؿռ䣬ֱţĽƺӳյһƬҰס
ʥã
츮ó϶ǵľѧУǡǡһǿĽУ츮ױȵٶȿ׻𣬸޿ɱܡƾһУ츮ȥ֪նɱ˶Ķ֡
һмԪܹһУ˵Ѿ츮кεȵŭ
Сˣ
ͬʱӰӰ´£ΧĺҲһĻϳ츮ľѧǸ츮ôãһеĴ˵Ҳжš
ֻҪһг֣츮ʥ֮ʱһ£Ķֻҷ𣬴⡣
ˣ
ͬʱܵһеĽ⣬Լױȵļٶȣë𣬾ȻһƤ
ĸоУǳˮĽӿÿһƽⶼ׼ϵëסѨϣǿµĻԽ˻ֱ˼άΪֹ֮
ס
ĵһֱ˲Ϣ䣬ͷƤըиоһǰδеΣһ¾ͲֹǱô򵥣ʱֻ·һ
֮ʯҵȫһ׽ӣ
ͷдһû˿ԥ˲乵ͨԺе֮ʯԼǿǱĽɫӡ
յȷ϶һ
·ֻһɲǣֺͣԺͻȻ֮ʯͬһʱ䣬һӴȻը糱ˮӿ룬Ժ֮öɫС

̶39465779100
ʽ⣬ýɫӣ
˵һž޿ܵӣ뱾ǧ˿ƣϣܹϧöӣϵļӺռϢϢأϤ࣬ʹ䲻Ϸһ٣õ벻ջ񣡡
ɫУ4598100
ϲóʵ磡
˵ӣĿ籾Դκһֹ۲ⷽʽԱģĬΪ֮ԴĽ
ɫӽһС
ʯ䣬ԺϢٲˢ¡ֻǶ̶ʱ䣬Ժжʱ˷츲صı仯һȫµӽɫбŷԺС
һ̣öɾĽɫӣһǧ֮ڶȹĳ˯ڣʽ⣬Լĳ̬
ɫǴɾʱ˼ݣһöƷöӴ޵ĿܣȴǲȱģɾλһﶼûȥĹУ壬Ҳֻ֮һĸܹöӡ
ǿ¾ɾû뵽һַʽ򿪷ӡӣһ֮˶̵ʱڡ
ɫҪְİ㣬˵ҲǸɵ񣬵ǽ츮ȴһݣ򵥣ȡɵķʽˡ
¡¡
ԺöɫӽɲǣһǿҵĽŷͬһʱ䣬һ΢ģĲΪģ˷չȥ
ֲ΢˸ԷǶ˵һ췭ظľޱ䡣
ˣ
ʱĳ츮ԶĵطһӰϥȻȴڽɫӽɲǣ˻һ㣬͵̧ͷǹɲķ
ǡôܣ
ǵӰǿģŵһ̣˵˫֮ȴ͸żȵ𾪡
ܵɲĻԶֹӰ
ҹɫ֮Уǿ֮£һضǿӰӵ籾Դ֮һ׷״Ӹصĵط̽ͷڵķλĿ˲Ϣӹͷ
ȻһУ֪顣
ˣ
ŽɫӵĽ⣬һ£Ȼ۾ͬһʱ䣬һȫµӿ˫֮Уһȫµʱǰ򿪡
û˵Լɫһ̣ȻһδӴ硣
ûɽҲûˮûۡҲûеһУˮīķʽǰ
̧ͷûƵڣǳǳѾǳһõĹâЩâУһ˿ͷ֮һǳͶ£һֵķʽ㼯츮Χ
һ̣һο츮ϵġܡ츮Χһǳ˿ɵ츮ǣǳ
ʵ𣿡
ǰһĻ帣飬ʱʲô
Ҳʱ忴һʼʱֻһ쵽ߣܵĻᶼûУҲ޷ƶ켣ʱȴһֽλõķʽһ
岻ֹһڲ̵âƶʱϳǧ˿ƣڲɣһУҲȻ֮˳ǧ򱶣Ȼɼ죬Ѿ޷ˡ
ˣ
ʯ䣬嶸һһΣûҼһСŲƵķʽڶ̶ʱڣα任ǶȺͷλʱʱͬʱڵҲһּɵķʽϵ¡
Һͬǻɽ緢ţÿһεкĳһضķλ
¡
ǰĽ⵴գһֽݿķʽϿջһʮɸߵˣն·һˣǹɿֲһ㣬ʮ
һΧĺͬ츮ڣԭվĵطĿڴȻ峡еΣһȺ˲ɷ󾪺
ôܣȻܹʥã
ⲻܣûܵĹһ

Զ츮һĺĵشǺЦһļɽʯϣһ
ϵ飬ߵӸǱɷ飬ֻһֱ¶֮Уǿ飬ô˵ӡ
һĻпĺ˶𺧲ѣ츮ٶȿ쵽㣬ܣ˵ķˣĳֲ˼ķʽȫ츮һ˵⣬վڱըĺȴܹںΧк˵ֱ˼顣
ⲻܣܣ
һ࣬츮ߵɮˣж¶𺳡


1696 ս֮ӡ
ǺǣȻˣ
Զ糤ǹͦǰˣ¶һ˿Цݡʱ˿̣ջĪˡʮ㣬츮ΪɾҪĶԺеöɫӹȻľϲ
ոյһɲյ˼㣬ҲΣյ˼㣬ƾŵʯһŲתԼȫ±һֽڲȸ˿ķʽܹһ
̣֮⣬츮׷ʲôеһǡǡǽǿŽɫʵ硱ġ
츮ĹѾвˣѾ϶ǵİأҲڣҲֵһˣ
̧Ŷ츮ͻȻЦ
һֱڷ츮ƶ켣͹ɣսʱûзֳԽ˼άļ٣ֱͬħһ㣬˽ܴһϣ΢ʵҲ޴֡
ڣšʵ硱ԼԺ϶ǵͼͻȻʲô
¡
𵴣˵Ѹʩչ˴ԲĴ컯ֻ˫һһ־޴»ӰȻһɲǼ䣬ʮ⣬һ˲ҽţ·һ˿ǣ㣬嵹ɶȥ
ǵ廹ڿУڵѾƺƵͬȫľѪ籡ͬ˰㣬ӿ塣
ڵʵ˴컯ȱ֮ǿ󣬾ڵҲȫգ糱ˮ㣬ӿڡ
ƺƵתһȦ˲һĳ俪˺Ǹߵȼռ֮ϵһƺƣɳʯһɿֲѹӰб΢£ѸٴƬңԶģɴȵڡ
һĻ仯Զ츮˲ɫ
֮ǰʹ϶׶ֽƷסѨΪʵֹƣˡٴδǴռмȡ㹻΢͵֮ǰĹȫ׷ˡ
ˣ
û˿ԥ츮һΣٴʩչǿֲѧʧ֮Сݣ˻δ츮һʮö϶׶˸󾫹⣬գӸ򣬳屬
϶׶Ϊѵãÿһöķ츮츮һ򶼷ǳϧʱѾ˲ˡ
ȫ֣ɱ֮ӣ
ͬһʱ䣬츮ɱ糱˶

һɲǼ䣬õ츮˷еĺˣͬɮڣеĺ˻߰½ữ޻ȫƴȫ塣ͬʱ츮б󷽣ҽһ屳ҪеķɽֱĺԣٶͬĿ쵽㡣
ûõģ
лصһ죬ڡʵ硱յԽڡʵ硱֮УеһжһֽԴķʽǰҪǣѾ֪϶İء
˵ʱʱ죬ֻ¡һ컯İɽ鱩㣬ϱ˷ĺ˲ҽŷ壬ǵڰУѾһ߸ʬеȫǿڣ׳Լ
ּ޷΢⣬˵ڵÿһܹ׳ԼԿ츮
ˣ
һתնʩչ£˲Ϣ֮䣬һۿ츮һ忴츮Χݣ۳һѼ˿Ƕһģ壬츮Χһֱ鲼޷֪˿Ƕ˿Ƕķֲǡǡյ϶໥Ӧ
ͨɫӡˡʵ硱Զ޷֪һĻ
֮Դ޷֪Щ˿ǶĴڡ
Ŀǳ
Ŀһ׽츮λãѾӵһǳƶ˵ĿǳλãյĹλá
䣡
ʯ䣬ʮ죬˲仯ΪһɫììһϷλ˹ȥ
ĿУԭյĵطһӰͻȻƾո֣ųԼ˹壬һɲǣ츮ϣֳһ˿εľȡ
¡
ʱ򣬾츮ˣʯ䣬ɰҵײһһ˲䱻츮ɳȥǹ֮ؿڵѪҪɢˡ
ʵ硱ֻһֶΣǿ屾˵ӵʵ磬츮ǸҪȫԸĿ¶֡
񣡡
屻ɵͬʱһ̳Уһ󾪺ֻһһӰʮĽìУԶԶɿȥ
˷ĺ־ֺ׷׳츮˹ȥɮҲһˡ
츮ʵԶǿö࣬˵֪У츮ᱻ˻лˣ붼û
츮˻£˾ֲˡ
˾ĻԶֹ
ǡʲô
ʯ䣬һŤΣǾֵͻȻڶͻѸ˵ע⣬һʶ˳ָķüġ
ս֮ӡ
Ǵ˵еǸµĶ
ԤеĶڳˣ
ˣˣ

ԭֻǱǾʶĻͷһƳǿüĵĶһȺһɫɷף߰㣬׷ȥɮҲһ
ܣܣֶ֣ܳ
иոյסε츮üĵӡǣҲһ¶𺳣ηɫ
ţ
Ⱥ˵ķӦ嶼΢΢һЩ㵣ͻı仯ɲԤ֮С
Ҫ֪֮ǰô컯ʳʮ˵ȫǻɸʬЩ˶ͬްĿ⿴Լ
ô£
дΪ㵡
񣡡
һ࣬һȺ˷׷Զ壬λߵĺɮʶԼϵ츮
Ѿ˱仯еĺ˶Ѿʧȥս⣬˵ѾԶɱ֮ӸҪҲص顣
Ǹڻ֮üĵӡԺ֯
츮û˵Զ壬оɲ
ͬСɣǸ˵еӡĳˣȫǸӡǣǺ߲ܿˣѾǿӦˣôӦþı棡
ɮ˵ϸţ츮Ķ
츮лԥȻһ̣ƺʲôһҧ´
ˣ
һ䣬츮һΣ˲仯ΪһŤӰʧ١


1697 ս֮ӡԤԣ
츮ʧĺ˷׷ɴ⣬Ÿ򣬷׷ݶȥ
ֻһգۣеĺʧ١
ۡǰüͷ壬ûЩͨĺˣּĸ֣֯˵ֻڻҶѣɱ˶ǶûжӰ졣
ģ츮ľٶΪ˶ԸԼӦûһʱ䣬˲ٵĲãڣ֮ûȫֳʤ£츮Ȼô׵ˡ
ݣ
ЩͷոմԺлһ̣оһƿ
ԭˣ
嵭ȻһЦ·ʲôѸתƿķӭ˹ȥ
أ
壬û°ɣ
ԶԶأ˻ûг֣ϤԺһ̣а˺˴峤һǰһѸٳҰ֮У׻㣬Ѹٷɳ۶
ʦ峤
¶һ˿ĵЦݣܿ쳯ӭȥ츮ͻȻ룬弤ġʵ硱Ȼһԭ򣬶һ棬ǡǡа˺˴峤΢ֵĸ
໣
սȵеĺ˿һ󹷷ԶϴԭһƬڵҹɫУǧƻҲ𣬶Զ󣬳Ƿ˾ͳıʱ١

˻⣬֯Ȼĸ֣
ĸ֮ۡУĻа˺˴峤˾þò
ʵ֪ģ£¶Ķ֣˵廹ߴ컯Ԫ޼̫ϴɹԼ֮ԴЩ˸书ѧ
Ǵոյں֯츮ǰȻ޻ֵ
ҴûĶ֣ʶ;֪ȫ׽֮ԴҲûЧնݣǰǲ˲ֹһ𣡡
п׺츮֮սȻҽߣȴý˽ɫӣʵˡ
а˺˴峤˼þöû˵
ֻҪ֮Դûеֲ˶Է֯ͽӴ֮ԴܣӦԵķ
ãаüͷڿڵ
֯ڵʱ伫Ӻɺ۹żܴﵽһŵĵز
ʱ䣬ԶԷͨķʽӴ֮ԴҲȫܵġ
֯ʵѾǿ󵽲󣬻ó⺢Ӹ󣬹ؼʱ̽⿪˴ɾµöӡ
һϵӶдһԵ˴峤ͻȻڵ
ɾɫӵ飬˶Ѿ֪ҲûǣֻҲû뵽Ȼһ
֯ʵӴò˼飬һȻҽߣһлԶûнǵ·պλ츮֮»Ӵвɵģ
а˿ڵɫޱȡ
ͽף
ͷ
Һ峤ǰҪȥһˣϴδǾڵ֯ѾЩüĿˣǾֻԶϵı͵Ϯƣڱչ鲻ǽֻ֮гײǵԶ
а˿ڵ
ţ
һԵ˴峤Ҳ˵ͷ
ʵǿĶˡ¹ɣٵ쵽츮֯ĸֲĶڰԶ밲ޣ˵֯Ѿֵ˳֮С
˵ĻдΪȡû뵽ʦаԭڵ֯ˣһ˽չǸ֮ϲ
а˺˴峤ܿ뿪ˣȵ뿪ܿϥʼϢˡں츮սУ忴ʤʵʸôɡ
츮ƾͽ˲СĴˡЩǽɫӺ֮ʯ޷ģֻܿԼ
ʱ仺ȥۡҲָƽ

ͬʱʳ¼Զһɽ֮УһĹɽ֮ϣ鲼λãһɫķӣſ￴ޱȡ
ںɫķǰӰΪ׵ǵӰĿѩǹⶼ·˹ȥȻ츮
塢аˡ˴峤֮츮һȺ²ûзش£һصľݵ㡣
޴ĺɫǰ츮ɫأһΧһˣɫ̻̣ƺþö޷־ѳһ㡣
ǿһԵ츮ɫη壬˭ҲҶ˵ʲô
ǡ
һԣͷĺɮֹ֮ҲֻŸʱ򿪿ˡȻɮ˲˵֣ͱ츮ˡ
Ϣȥ𣿡
츮ڵԵ˼
Ѿȥˣ
ɮ
ֻǱߵڶûлӦƺǸӡǵ黹ɣ
˵ӡ֣ɮ˵ѹ˼֡ڻ֮ӶͷпǸɫӡǣɮеڶþƽ
ս֮ӡں֯УһԵĽɣ˶˵ǧĴ˵Ǵ˵ϾǴ˵˭ҲûجΰĿֲڻһַʽʵչǰ
ΪԽһ䷲ף͵۹Ҫǿڣ֯ɷĴڣƸ꣬ضǵĿֲ
Ȼں֯ڲȴһռĴ˵
֮Уǧĳʱ̣һǿճܹƺ֯еɷһǿ֯ռĻ
ڴУսɷһöɫӡ
ԤԵˣǺ֯ڲԤ֮񣬴ɾ
Уӳ֣ҲսῪʼ֮ʱеĻֿ֪̿
ݣݣݣ
ںɮ˳˼ʱͻȻһƿӶߴûӦһ϶׶ͻȻƿնΧһˡ
Щ˫۴û׹ʲô£Ѿ׷ľ׮˵˵ϡ

ɮһȻ̧ͷԵ츮
һ˿һȥ
츮ʢ֪ʱѾع֮ɱʮˣɫ֮ȴ˿ĲĿη
ɮɫһ漴׹ս֮ӡϵشȥ»֯ڲȻ󲨣츮ôȻ뽫·
ף
ɮɫһݣܿͷ
ݣ
˵ʱʱ죬˵ʱͻȻ֮䣬һ״Ŵ̶ĹЦͻȻУ˵
ˣ
ɮһ˳֯ڲĸ߼һ˲ŸոհϢͳȥɮ˶û뵽ȻôյĻظ
ǻû룬аӰһ츮Ѿһץö


1698 
ϸȥöԼңۣͨڽ죬ȴһХĿͷ­ޱȡ
ã
һ࣬츮ֻǿһۣʱ۾һɴЦ
һ£׼뿪

ⷬɮ˻һ̧ͷھȡ
ս֮ӡͬСɣΪԮ취ԸǸ֮ӣȻû뵽յȴǳˡ
ô飬ѵôˣ
ѾϢս֮ӡǻᴦʱᡣ⣬洫ϢѾҵɾλˡ
˵һ䣬츮¶һĨζЦݡ

ͬʱĿӹشأһֱ۽ңԶĪɳĮԱɹһһӰӰӰ´ɢڵϣĴΧ
ǵĽ£һ߾ʬ˵ڵϣЩ˵صߡѪŨޱȡ
ô
һ޴ĿӶԵһģ֯ǿ߸ֶǰļ˿ڵ
ѾȷɾλãһжѾ׼׵ʱԷ󷨣ɾӷӡ֮нѡ
һ˿ڵޱȡ
ʼɣ
Ϊ׵֯˵ͷûж˵ֱ´
˵ɶȥһ˳ŵھͨԾȥ
ҲֻƬ̵ʱ䣬԰ټƵĺ˸ϥ֣һ޴ԲȦѸٷ󷨡
¡
̹ľȺϱһӴľգ󷨵ļӳ£͸뵽ǧµĵصס
˸ڵص˵ڶӴ󷨣ٴ͸ص׸ĵ󷨣Ȼǵ
ƬĴϣǧƵĸһһ໥δƽصĳǿ󷨷ӡ˴ֱʣҲֻ֯
ʱ仺ȥĺ˽ȫص·ֻһɲǣֺͣ꣬صضҡڤڤУ·ʲôȻѡ

ڴʱһ춯صĳХؿռ䣬ͻȻӵصױֱû˷Ӧ¡ط·һֻεľֺҵرľ˺Ѻۡ
¡
̶̵ֻʱ䣬һӴóĿֲϢͻȻӵصױֻգۼ䣬ʹŹ̳ӵصǧ׵ĸ߿ա
μ
ǵӰֵͬʱһϻ̳Ͽ֣ϹϾ˷ȥֻкһͳͳڵأΪĺ죬Ҳɹϥڵء

Уӿ˹µͬʱһһ˫ƴŽɫ˿ģޱȣӰл
һĲȻȥ֮󣬱Ի㡣
һϵ߸ϣĶ
˵ʱ봹£иڴˣضᾪȲѣΪǰӰȻ֮УѾɾѹӡڵص׵Ļ
ɾΪۣվûѹס
л
һ࣬Ļɫһϲ˷ܲѡ֯ڲȼɭϣ¹ͼУ츮϶Ǿ󣬻Уǡǡߵȼ֮һ
Ϊ˾ҳ˶ˣ
ڵ黺˲١
ǰڿ̽ʧʮ֣󷨴򿪷ӡ֣ΪӪǰ󹲼Űˣ

ᵽ˾Űٶ֣ǿĻüͷûһ£ͺȥЩˣֻǼ޹ؽҪ֡
ã
Ļ۾΢΢һ£¶һ˿Ц
ޣųƲ͸ŽŲߣȻһǧңҲû뵽ֻ˾ŰٶˣȥķѪķӡ󣡡
ĻΧĺˣǵλߵ˭Ҳ˵ʲô
ΪеġޡǧǰһΪԺյ֣֯ǿĴ֮һ֮棬˶޿ɱ
һֻ࣬һգۣܿͻع
Ǽеôˣ
ȻعͷһԵ
һжѾ׼׵ֻ
ܺã
һƮ䣬һΣѸʧ١

ܣܣǸСʲôʱôˣȻǶ
ƾʦ֮Уӵһ̴ľϣ˫۴Ŀг𶯺Ͳ˼顣
յʧܵϢڶ޷šΪ˶Ը壬ǿѹס˳Ƿ˾ͳ˽ԼΪһݣĸ֮׽
û˱ףЩжôǽӴԽ˽Խֻ࣬ԽľηӶЩ˵ʵʵﵽʲôز
Ǵû뵽ȻǶʧˣôܣ
£ѾȷϹˣȷʵ⵽˼ƻۡ˷棬ȷʵûǱߡĸۡУǱ߲˵ʬ壡
һԣڵģʱҲȥ̽帮ۡʵȻҲϣܽжʧѾǲʵˡ
쵰
ĻҧгݣԽպޡ
£Ĳ裡
ʱһ澶̣ͷ˽ڶڵ飬Ȼ޾죬ôһ·͵˴ӵǰ
Ӻò裬ÿĳʱʱҪһ޽Ľ˿ȸ裬ѾǴӶϰߡ
Ȼû뵽˲ʱ򣬻Ӧȴһİơ
飡
һƺݺ澣޴ͬ߷ݰȷɳȥеҲŷɳˤķѣƬضǡ
дֱдΪУʵѪǴƵѵҪһӵ𣿡
ӵ쳹ɫŤޱȡ
ȻһһεʧѾеŭѻ˼㡣һ̣еĻţףͯڣȫսսҳ
û˿ԽʧܣοӻδĴϣѾӶʧˣĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳ˵ܡ
ºαż
ڴ˶ϻ̳Ͽ֣ǲʱһͻȻбɲǴͬʱһˮע豭
ڵ˶ɫһ͡ƻʧܣ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼʱŭӡ
쵰
ȻҧгݣĿһ죬ĳķȥ˫ĿɱӯӯһͷްҪ˶ɡ


1699 й¼
һ̣˵ˣɫһǻɱҲ˲ʧøɸɾ
ʲô˼
üͷһͻȻڵ͸һŨŨĲ
£һôʹ˵ͬʱôӰݵģҲֻʣ¹ˡ
ӶԹٰݣֲʱ˵ĻҲǼΪã˵ֹؿڣȻܹеĺȲ衣
ֻһƥѣǿҲֻç֮£³ıôãѵĿֻΪ˶Ըһ𣿡
ЦЦһֻ֣ϵĲ豭ᴵһڣ˱һ㱡ĲĭȻС
㣡
ⷬ촽һţܵҪ˵ʲôǺܿ뵽ʲôɫһֶ²ˡ
ıôãǺһ̣Ϊ˵ȫϵıΪƬ½ǿ½ˡ
𣿡
侲΢΢һЦſڵȻһеĺȲ裬ĿûпӣǴеĶȴȫȻӲ۾
㵽˵ʲô
ӿڵѾû֮ǰĽꡣ
ı£㲻ֻעһĵʧɰܣǸȷʵǸϰȴûдﵽ赲ǴƵĵزеһУҶı
еĲ豭ָ˳һߵȻȻ¶һӴģŷ
ˣ
һɲǼ䣬֮һƬžףͯ˵Ŀ⣬׷䵽˹ϣһģ˵
ⷬлж˺ʧˣ˼ƺ˳ᢣ˲֪ʱİš
˼ǡ
һʶź
Ǻǣ²żҪ˶ãȻҲ֪ˡ
΢΢Ц
ڣ˼һ˵

˵ʱʱ죬˳˼ʱͻȻһԽԶԶĴһǳĹŹ֣еκȻͬƷȴִһ˿ްĳ˻
ڣʹʥأϽ֣˵ɱ֮ڶôãδŹ
ķƺ̫ʥӵķ򡭡
ôûʲôʱ˿̣Ψ˵ȻͬɲǣӺͺһ¶ɫ
һ


Ƴ̶ʱڽΣ֮Ϣ

һ࣬Ӿʲôһ˫ĿѩȻ֮Ц˶һ
Ǻǣ£òٲˣ¾㱸ֻǷ磬񶫷Ҳˣ
΢΢һЦһʳжָ֮䲻֪ʱһöӣžָһöӱ㱻žһڲԶ档
棬ĺ飬ݺύݻصΣ֣ΣȻգȴǲЩʲôֻǵеǿźӵ棬һ˿Ҳֲ֮
һ

֮󣬵廹ڸеϢĹټǱ츮һȺƻļɽ԰ˮأ¥ʱһʼϲϢͻȻӴƵı߾۹
Ʊеıͥ佫һĲ佫ԼԶķŽܼưƵ۹Ķ佫ûг͢گҲûб£ȻפأڴƱйУı˽ᡣ
й¶ڳȻ󲨣ŭѾʮּ⣬вμӱйĽȫ¡ͥ󶼻˼˳Ϊһͳ˧йƤӵ£ҲУѾӸְ졣
һϦ֮䣬佫ȫ׽һ۹Ĵͳ˧ְ죬ڴǰδУ˵һɽѰľޱ䣡
ΪڵĴ飬ƾڵ۶֮е֧ͻľޱ䣬ĳҪκҪǿҵĶࡣ
գ
鱬֮󣬶̶ʱڣϢŸǵأϿնҪڱˡзণһƬš
ôˣ
˶ۼһãȸ糾ʹ߽Ťͷ˹ȥ˵Ŀⶼۼȸϡ
鷢֮弸ǵһʱɳȸ£е̽Ӻͳ򼸺㳲ȫ顣
鷢̫ͻȻˣӿʼȻûյϢȵϢǱѾУв¼佫ȫá
үֹۣ
ȸժͷż˷糾ͣ͸һԵƣ⼸죬ͣ㣬ȫ飬ӿʼڣһ̶ûϢ
ǵйٽ˽ᣬȷ£鳯͢ȷʵȲ֪飬һ˵͢Ƕûԩǣ
ȸ˵ĵһ仰һ
ôܣô佫ûг͢گôפأ
һǰ֮࣬ǲܲԣûɣôܻôȥ
ֹˣô佫ѵûһ˸о𣿾ıһ˴֮Ҳûôı

𺳣ô飬ڴƵʷϻûзϸ˼ɵأʵ̫Ѱˡ
û˵ɫأֻһ۶ȸķѾȥһʱˣȸûа
˵·죬ЩͲ֪飬ȫյ͢گ˵Ǵӻڼ֮йټ鱱ı߾ˡйǵʥѲӱ齵ĵطʱ򣬻꣬꣬йټϰߣӵگû˸Υ
ҴΪʥʵӣδĴһѲӱô飬û˸Ҳȥ
ֻǵ˵ʱȴȫô¡йȻвٵĸ߼죬ȴӵӰҴºҲԳƴʼոûзκε飡
ȸ
أɵڶ࣬Խ֪࣬Խ࣬Խ󷢺˭Ļ󣬶һ˼ܣļôĴ佫һΪ˺ͣȴȫŪڹ֮䣡
һƬžÿﶼǳġ
۾Ĭ˭Ҳ֪ʲô


1700 Σ
͢Ǳô˵еʲô
ãڿڵ
͢ǱߣȻûдʵȴ췴ǰ佫ų͢˽ܻᣬѾǴве佫ǰ϶
ȸڵǡ
佫֮ıļɻ䣬ֻҪıʵϾ·һ
ĿӹԶ壬ȸֹһû˵ܵǣԶֹǱͥĴ󶼻˼˳ͬǣС
Ϊ飬±ô飬ȴ֪飬ֻƾһ㣬ѾѴ̣ʵϣǱѾʹ˴£׼巢ˡ
ȸ֪͢糿ʱ򣬾Ѿ͵Уֻ岻˵ҲǰȸҲö˵
ֹˣ
ЩͷԺзӶȸһܿͻع
ǵõϢй佫ץ֮󣬴ǱǩͣԼһϵߣȥȥЩ佫λáߣͥѾȫУ
ˣ
ȸĻһƬڣ˵й¼ɵأû֪ô£ôȸ˵һϢʱЩѾȻˡ
й¼ӷãֻж̶̵ʱ䣬͢Ǳ߼УչʾǰδеЧʡ˼ǣô飬˻ûлζǱ߾Ѿɳ֣ûӹ߾ıȨ
ٶδҲ̫̫Щ˵ʹûаϵ˭š
˫գһıƽĳʯ䣬ǧͷϵĴԺзӶ
ⲻǴӵķ񣡡
ԺһӹмǱܵĸֳͷ˭˭ıһ˵صй¼еìͷȫָ˶еλ
ȻǵһκʹӴ򽻵Դӵ˽⣬ܵļƻһжԼֶΣǴܹĳġ
˼ֶλԶûдﵽֵزûмıߣǾڶ̶ʱڣôƸ꣬ƿġ

ǱܵģһӰԺ˲һˡԼ̫ˣշҹȫھʦ֮ǣƴӣȴû뵽Ѳ߻һУڱ߾˺һӣһϦ֮佫佫˽ȥ߾ıȨ
ֻǣӦðô˱ڲƭȥǵ鲻ԾӲûгѵ֪뿪Ϊʲô˻ᱻһ򾡣
ڻϵ׸ʲôҪԸǣǵıȨʲôûɣ³͢Ҳûа취ıɣ

ʱҲعһǺȻģ˵Ŀܿȸɵʵ̫ˣкܶණ˵ڶ벻ףһ棬Ҳֻȸˡ
ˣԷƻϸ˼ܣû⣬λһвٶԷ֡˽룬ֻҪѴŹرգЩͷԲѷһоѾǳ䶨ˡ
嵭ĿƺеĹؼ
һ˶סˣȸĿɿڴʱȣܲ鵽Ϣǳޣ˵Щϸڶû漰ʵϣй¼ؼϸڣڻ͢ڸеϢ޷ȡ
ǷεȻҲˣ

ৣ
һ̣˼βμйİٽ˳̯ϣһѸֻƬ̵ʱ䣬еļϤ֣˻һ˲ɳһ
ڷ罫ʢһ𽫾ף֣ϹѰⲻǴӵϵϴεѩ¼ǵӵʱ˳鵽⼸ôҲ棿
ϵ⼸֣󾪺й¼вĽ춼ãȻ˭Ҳû뵽õȻдԼˡ
Ŀ飬͵컻գ
һͷгġȻѾ³˴¼ʹõֶΣһѾ޲ֻһ֣ӲѴ֮ͽ˰˼˳ıȨӹеĴ
ӱѾƿ˳ãΨһԼľֻбȨѣһֱΰѿرȨȡ³λӣα飬Ϊľƴӡʲôͼı߲֮ģûбȨҲƲƽѾơ
õȨĴӾͬͻբΣպ
Ҫǣй¼Ҳ˼ȵıй¼弸ǵһʱյ˴ͬ͢ѣմӵ˵صġʧְھ嶼޷ֱ
Ȼ嵣ǵĻԶֹˣָой¼ֻǸʼӵĿҲֻǰ˼˳ԼͥЩҰĿ±ҪĶ࣬һп»Զûн

ͬʱ֮С
ǰȻӢ䣬һͶأ
һΣСӶµˣ뵽ǰôһУ
죬ȴıȨ¼ûбӻˣǰӢ

ʱ˿̣ϲһƬ֡ǰһ˻жĴ֮Уһ룬ȴ췭ظѴ֮͵תƿͥ
Ƹ꣬˶óϷһ̶ڹҲԵ
˳ڷ֮ڣʤǧ֮⣬Ϊͳ˧Ͳܱһĵʧϣĵ
ڣ˵ǰ֮ʣȴ˿޶ԣеϣݵĺŲ裺
йҲֻһСʤѣҪģĺԶ
һƵᣬ˵ʱûпˣƺûʲôܹݡΪ̫ʱĴڣ۽ʶȻǶ˿Աġ
й¼˵Ǵ£Ƕں˵ֻţСԡ
˲䰲ǰдӵ˶ںҲǿڷĲһΣѾû˸ôˡ
ǰ˼ǣ
Ƭ̣ͻȻǰǸӷǳˣֻж̶¶ѣǵλߵڹǰҲǹΡ
Ļףͯʯ޵Ҳ׷˹ڹƴӡ
ڹжҲ൱ڴҲĿת˹
Ǻǣ
ֻһЦһָ̣һһöɫСзɳһѲǽһŴƵͼλ
֧СλãӶ̲סһ
ǣ
ǸС첻ƫУλǴԿ˹ص鷮ǡ
й黹ûƽϢѵ˵һ̣Ӷļƻˡ


1701 ֮⣡
ԥ
һӶߴ̧ͷЦЦ
ôܣֻڵıλöԸˡ
ҧҧܿ쿪ڵ
Ǻǣ²صġһҶѾ׵
һЦܿعͷ
岻ƲƣȲƱֻҪûи֮ʣȻµϾ֮λ󶼻ֻѣֻƾһʵİһͥɻԶԶһط¾߱ʱһжȻͬ
һ仰ǧһƬž
˭Ҳûע⵽ôһɲǣ΢ͫӹһ˿˵ĺâ

ʱѾȥ죬йı췴һλ۹Ĵ󶼻ְ죬۹İ˵һ𺳡
Ȼ۹ڹעй¼ϻԶûʱһŽơ
үˣ
󣬵廹ڻıй¼ͼӪȰ˼˳ЩʱͻȻɫҴң̼˽ɫ԰ףƽĳģȻͬ
֮ս˹֮սǾеĺϽҲࡣȻһ̣ȴɫ촽ڲϣ廹оһɾ塣
ոյõ˰ӼϢǾ䣬󽫾溲У
ûѯʣǱǸϢ˵ˡ
䣡
һ䣬һ£һɲǼ䣬·һ¡
ʲô
ԭڵͷй¼飬Ϣɶ̧ͷ۵Ĳš
ⲻܣ
ʶ񶨵溲ʵǿ۹Ĵ󽫾֮һ߻ΧĵһӦһжǼٵģܻ顣
Ȼһ̡

һӴȻӻʳǵķǼǳأڴƾʦ֮Уûгֹ
ĵطӱ鷿еΣϵ鼮΢΢
ϸȥͳ͸һ¡ˡصζ
ৣ
һɲǼ䣬ɫ԰ףеѪɫʵøɸɾ
ɽ֮ӣ
ڴƻʹ֮Уһھӣͻͭͣһ˶ߣǧŰپʮŽ֮أһ𣬾ʹӲ׶ùڴƣһ֣ɥӡֻڶߵ۹سʱŻ
ԳɳŹھӵʮ⻹ǵһӳ

ʲô溲ˣ
ͬʱ鸮Уһʱ֮һϣ³ں԰аŪһո޼ĵյϢһ̣еĻһڵϣҵ÷鶼֪
ˣϢǧȷ͢ǱѾʰ񣬹Ѷˣ¤İնڴ״ТΪУŰյĺʮ֮ⶼ
һ³϶Ͻڵ˵ҲЩС
ôܣ
³۵ĲţȻҲʱһͻȻӻʹķʦҲ³ı鸮
һɲǼ䣬԰һƬţʶģ³ߵĲŤͷķ
һɲǣ³кȻ͸һ޾ıˣ
桭Ȼˡ
һ



ǿɽ֮ӣ쳹ʦһ̣һ򷱻ֵľʦ֮УһƬ¡
򣬲Ƿ䣬ֻ̼֣ǽֱԼϷֵĺͯȫͣ½Ųһְ˵ζʦš
ڴ˵һעƽ
۹ʮһһżҪĽǣ
ͬʱ˿֮·ͨʦ·ϣӰУΧļӰ»ϵ彣ϸȥϸܵƣȻݲ
еȻǱѺ͵ķˣͦüĿֹ֮ȻȻ͸һϺȨƣȻй¼ܵǣ͢ıͥ󶼻˼˳
й¼Ӽǵһʱ˰˼˳ıȨɳ˹ĶǰѺͰ˼˳ؾ

ͻȻ䣬һƿϴ˼˳һͬߵĶ̧ͷ˹ȥ
ֻŸ벢ûдͷһԾǴӿз䣬Լ˼˳һ㵣ͥڽѱ£ʵ벻ʱʲô˻ԼϢ
Ҳֻһ룬˼˳ֱܿһ죬סֻзµŸ롣
ô
ֻǿһۣ˼˳һ˵ɫɷֽ
˼˳յһ⳯͢Ĺģֹֻڳش¼ʱûɫĹֽдɣϢеĵ۹سֳ͢Ĺһ㶼רŵĹͥӡ˼١
˼˳˶ıͥ󶼻ǵһյֻֽġ
Ƿ⹬ֻȼ֡
󽫾溲ް
⼸ɰдͣ죬Ѫһ㡣⹬ģ˼˳վһ
ˣˡ
һ󲻰ӶߴǶ˼˳ڻعһϣԳһı
۹֮ĺ
˼˳ͷܲգ촽³ĸ֡
۹ĺ꣬ʢ
һͬʱĴ󽫣ôˣνȻð˼˳е˵ģԶֹ߹޲뾮ƣǰΪ߽ǿ־ð˼˳е˵ģ۹Уŵĺζ
йٽҲѺ뾩
һأȻನδһ۹󽫾䣬һеһУ̫̫ˡ
ٶԴһڵ۹ʢ֮ʱ򲻿ġ
һʱĻˣ
棬һ·ߺã
˼˳ת򱱶ǵķžָһ죬ͻȻժϵһö塣
͸溲ͬʱ־溲ϱ󽫵λʱҲս÷ⱱͥ󶼻ʱ緢ʥټڴƵľʦйһ֮Եͬʥ˽һ塣
ž
ֻһ죬öڰ˼˳лΪ촷ۣһ㻯Ϊϸķ۳ڷһ·űǵķĮĮƮɢȥ

һĶ֮һ󽫸溲бУϢͬ籩һϯ£ĺ˻
еĶͱӣãΪϢɲڵ۹ʷϣ۵ĴްرǱ󽫸溲ּĽ졣
ɽ֮ӵΪ˰ճգһƬ¡


1702 ˹صļɵ
õ󽫸溲ްϢ˷ܵĪڽߵ˹ˡ˹˵λԼ¤ıǣһһ˹صĲϡ
ԭ֣֮˹˵˹صĺ֡
һһɰǧ꣬˹ضϰ£ȥƽһضءڸ溲£¤֮κʱҪӸ˹ȴֻĿֻ򡱣ȴʲôҲˡ
ɰǧĽϰߣȻ޴档һУȫΪЩ󽫵Եʡ
ⲢΪ˹ػת⣬ķˣڸ˼ʮĴ֮ѧĽѵ
࣬ϢϢ
溲ˣȻˣ

һ޼ʵ˹ظԭ룬һһʻ֮Сϣһ˹佫лһż㣬˷ܵͨ죬һ·֮С
˹غʹսرǼս֮󣬼Ƶɽˮľ񱱶ǵĸ溲ϲ콵˭Ҳû뵽Ȼʱյġ񡱡
࡭
˹佫ոտżĴֻһۣʱסˡ
һ佫ҲͬõϢұ
ֻǣ˶վһƬ˭Ҳû˵
ǡ
˹佫ʱסˣ촽ţȻû˵֣ͱԱߵһ˹佫ֹˡ˳Ŀ⣬һ۾Ϳ˴Ϸ۹ǻۣͬʱҲԺյĵ갲Ϸһֵֻüģüͷһ
УһƬأеϲսȻͬ
⵽ô£
˹佫סˣȫô¡

ʱһϵͻȻ˶𡣴ϷһֱһĴڿ˵ˣ
𣬶оͬʱᦼ죬⣬ʹǰǵ䣡
ࣿ
ĻУһƬȻϵ˹佫еĽ춼һ㵣Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽ġ
࣡溲ǵĴ𣡡
һɱǶˣѵҪȥ䣿
࣬Ӧóûһ·£±ǣõĻᣡ

Уһ˹佫ѡһʲôҪľ˭Ҳû뵽ȻҪȥԼĳˡ
Ѿ
ϣһֻƣֻһ仰ͽеۡ
ڣе˹佫ܿȥˣ˵ķж༤ңжԽܣֻҪǴľûκ˸Υô꣬ѾĬصĹء
࣬ôõĻᣬĲ±𣿡
һۻڴ𣬾ȥ֮󣬴ƫУһͬɽͰӰӺ˳ž¡ϵĴ󽫾졣
ս˹ص۹Ĵأ˹˶ļλ֮һһα󽫸溲ͻȻɣҹʹһֶԲߵġ
ֻǴľȻûԤϵõ
溲˶Ϊ˹µ֡
ҡҡͷĿޱȣⳡޱУԶ˶ҪԶöࡣ
ʾһԥ´ֻϧʵд棬ƾеλڻúúõģȻʹһսھõʱ
Ȼûϸ˵ȴ֪Сƾеλλ塣
˹صԱȺУı֮ߣѾﵽñĵزһѾ¹ϣʳ˶Ķ֡
Ǹڣȷʵ޷±ǣҲòʧƵı
ĬãɬȻԸϣ˹ȷʵܲһҰܡ
ƻʹеλڳˣһƵңΣǶӦʱǣУֻ䣬ƲܴлԽңǲĻᣡ

·ʲôҲ˳˼֮С


صղ¼ֵĴƾʦһϦ֮·һ㾲ĬĺɴһƬ¡
ƾʦϿգƻۣؼһƬɢһɰˡѹֵζ
󽫸溲ıްһʯһ㣬صѹ۹Ͽգѹ˵ͷֱգԽܡ
⣡
ʱ˿̣ڵƻͨһֻֻŸȻȴһƬء
죬ʹڵɽ֮ӽ죬͢ճգһŻư˾Ǹʱ䣬һ£溲ˡ
ʱ⣬Ҳ͵Ĵ֮һˣ
ɳɳ
ͻȻһŲ˼
ү
һϤȸһĵ˽
ʱ䣬۹һ籩ĳй¼Ǳǵľ䣬ÿһ¶̼ˡرǸ溲䣬۹ǰδе𵴡
ȸеĳ̽ӣҹԼյĵ飬ϣܹҳࡣ
鵽𣿡
̨ǰ΢˻ƣͷҲûص
ү鵽ˣ󽫾ǰµģʱȲûκףȵֵʱѾˡֹˡ
ȸ˵˴һ£͵͵һۣŵ
˸󽫾ްĻһʮλ󽫾սʮ꣬һĶ죬ʮλ߲㽫죬Լв㽫죡
˵ȸгޱȡ
¤ֵܹ֮˹صĽɾʤĲ񻰣ؼľǸ溲ԼЩ㽫졣
溲ް⣬Щ㽫Ҳʵڵ۹˵ǸصĴ
溲һ˳ҲͰˣûսµ£Ȼĸ߲㽫Ҳء
͢Ǳô˵
ãﴫ
˫գվڴǰһȻһƬƽκ˿ʱ飬֪һžҵķ籩
֮͢ǰİģѹ£ûᵽ󽫾򣬵ǰնڵ˵Ŀǰ͢ڵ顣󽫾ЩǳΣʵߵǿߣǸģճ͢˼ĿǰּӦָ߷ĸ۹ֻǲж㡣
ȸͷ
ָֻܿ˼žą̃ǰۣٴοڣ
ȸǣҵǣҪȥһ˱ǣ
ү
ȸһ̧ͷ
ǵ鳯͢ڵ飬ȸҲû뵽үȻ뵽ʱǰǡϾ⣬Ҳ˵˶ڹע飬Ǿʦ֮УүŸոհ⵹䣬ϱλã͢ҪȥֶԿӡ
رǣΪй飬үѾܵ͢ѣӸԴΪڣҪүѡүʱ뿪ʦǰǣпܱٴԴ˹ڦ


1703 ı
һҶѾ׵ˣ
ƺ֪ȸʲôͷҲؿڵ
ţһҽӣڶȥ鸮³Ӧʱڻڻʲô⡣⣬κ飬ʱӥң
ȸŤͷһԵȥŷ֣׼š
ˣ
ȸĬƬ̣漴ͷ
սǳãүŲߣȻεжѾ˼ǵ÷ǳˡ
֨ѽ
˵һƿţӷ˳ȥ
⣬Ƶʹһɱµգһ۹ʱľһ㡣
һˣòףô˵ҲܶеλǷԴΪڣ˷ѣ嶼ȥ˱ǡܹһλһΪ۹º͵Ĵ󽫾Ψһغϡ

ϣ
ҲƬ֮󣬾ʦһװʱһδĴ󽫼С
£ս˻ѩһĳ˻Դ˹Ѿܾûиһжˡ
䣡
ɫ侲ĿңԶıǵķһ̣˸һǿ΢ƿնѸ˳ע뵽µİС
飬һ̣ڵ̤£ڴϣȻ֮ذ㣬ôغ
ͬһʱ䣬һɫĹ⻷ţӰڵĽ±ѸٻΪһ޴Ĺ⻷
⻷
ʱ΢ʵ⻷ҲѾ̥ǣʵı仯͵ȣѾԵ
ڣ⻷ټһ΢ǿʵʱ˿ܹٶȣѾﵽѰĸ߶ȡȻʦͱǾңԶʱֳٶȣҲֻҪ̶ձɵִ
ϣ
һ죬һһ·һڵڴ̶Уϳһʮ׳ˣֻһ۵糸ѸʧԶ

ͬʱңԶĶ֮УŸ봩ͣĽŶﴩŸ룬帮ۡлҪöࡣ
ڵˣط
һһֻ޳ͬʯһǽϵĴƵͼУڴǵĵطĻһ档
ͼǰһۣŵͼϵ棬һ¶һ˿Цݡ
ϲ£ͥУ¾ҵֽһ
һ𣬽ʯ˲ʧʱڴʱά
ϧˣ溲ҲҴս֮ȴƫƫ뱾ԸͶңļܾܹͨͨʶʱվڱһߣҵȾˣǸöã
һп
Ȼ˵ţȴûһ˿һϧ
ɴ߲СڣȻ溲ԼˣԼĴҵʲôأ
Զ΢΢һЦ溲Ըڱֱô˵Ȼû˸ȥˡ
£溲黹Զûнڳ͢ⶼڵǽ֮ͣͬСɣΣǶҪһɣ
ڴʱһףͯһ
ףͯĻֻǵȻһЦ
ףͲضˣ鱾зܱô˵
ǰһ䰲οףͯһܿŤͷһվͥµ
ӢԴǷģͻʺ߾۹گ˹غʹʳڣΣʱ׷׷磬Ψǽ󽫾ﵽͷϡ
ԣǰһһ˿
Զ΢΢һЦ溲ôģû˱Ǹ£˵ĿⶼܱϣܱڳΪеס
ǿʳʤΪڴܱߵûһŭơ̶ʱڣյЩæƲԼĹ飬˵⡣
ҲЩС⣬֮ǰ²һţƺڵ΢ʡ
ŵһ仰ڿᣬеϢʧ١
ŵ䣬һȻܱȴ΢ʡĵģǴƺܱ֮䳤õĺƽţȻǵĴӵļƻƻŵѪ
Ǻǣ²ǱʱᣬԺţڶҪ˽ͳͳ£
ӵȻһЦܿ쿪ڵ
ֻ֮ΪʱŹͬ棬һĽϣ漰λ֮֮λȻź۷Լļƻ
ˣ
˵ͷѸٴ
ʱɴ⣬ʯǱߣʱҶţһκεĶرң
ӳĬƬ̺ܿ쿪ڵ
һжͰ࣬˳˳ˮ˰ͥıѾʱӻЩУΨһɵģֻ塣
溲ΨһûӦľֻ塣
һĴھǴӼƻء
·ģѾɳֻҪǱһκεķ紵ݶµĶĿ
ʯ

˵ʱһƿڶĵ⣬һֻɫĸӣӶųѸ˵Ŀ⡣
ʯֻŸ룬Ƥɶһ£µӥȸŸ룬ȫű࣬յȼֽ֡ɫŸֻгֺҪʱŻ֡
ৣ
ʯһ죬ָ֮䷢һӴ˲佫ֻŸУȡż㣬ֻǿһۣʯ̧ܿͷǰĴӡ
£ոյϢһƥս뿪һ·űȥˡ
仰Ƥһ͵
ڣҲɫ΢
ϣ뿪ʦǰˣ
ӴЦĿһתѸڵһӰ
һ䣬˵Ŀȫ˴еǵӰһѾ˵֮ĵһıʿıʿݣΪӶǳ𾴡
ϣֻǵȻһЦÿɷƺֻ˵Щ޹ؽҪС¡
ǰڸ溲Ǹô죿
ǰϹϾ
ҲıǶǰĹȴ˾ηԷѾ÷Ƹ궼ݣ֮ͿԸ컻أУѶԸ壬뱻֮УƣڱЩҲֻܹ
ǾͲعˣҺ͹ţ
ԤϣһԵĴһڣֹ
ͽˣ
²ضǣǣ
ϣƵᣬϲһָĪĸоƺ֮£ûʲôܹӳơջĿ⣬⣬һӹһ˿Цݡ



1704 溲飨ϣ
սգͨǵĵ·ϣһƥѩԼٶɽҰ֮䣬۵糸۶ȥ
尲ϣĿ㣬ɫûһ˿һı仯
ʱ˿̾Ӿʦгյʱˡ
Хհϴīһ㣬ѹ˴
Ӿʦ¤ֱˡصգûԽŨһ·Ŀ֮ᦣдׯĵطһڻңڿƮɢԶԶǼ溲¤ա
ǧ·һӶ岻ݣûƬ̵ͣ٣ӹһ֪꣬˶ãԶԶͻȻһ춯صĺ
ˣ
һ̧ͷԶԶأԽؿռ䣬һͰɽ꣬ڵƽߴԼֻһ޴ıݣӵƽߴ̽һǡ
ݵĳǽɸߴ̣͸ϡȴиܵһ¶˵ζ
ǣ
ҲԺյľ
һȻӿٶǰȥ׼ִʱȴǱֱݵˡ
⣬ããһƬ˺Ǹ溲µıǳǧ򣬴״ТԷ溲ŵ¤ա
аնűǵķ򣬱ᣬɫݣСҲ̲ס¶˰˵ɫ
һһݵʹޣȺдǱֱʮ΢֮ǰĿЩ¤İշġ
溲û۹Ϊǡǡ¤İա
溲һһӶ׸¤İգ¤İգԽܵġһ˿ɫܿһǰȥ
ܼȺдִܿ˱ǰ
򣬴ʱŶһŵıʿڳſڡ
ϽƣһѪ̬緢ƺΪ溲䣬ЩʿȻͦȴ׷ɫݣͨ죬Ѫ˿
ȫТţΪ潫һΡ
վס
ԶͻȻֵӰʿǰû߳㱻һֹˡ
£
⼸һλԸߵıʿɫϣȴҲͬۿͨ죬͸Ѫ˿ֻɫ֮ʿ㲡
ǰĿӹѩ㣬һұϵİɴ󣬺ܿ쿪ڵ
ǽǰᵽ
үѾȺʱˡ
սʿ˵ţһ
ллǽ
˵ĻΧıսʿҲ׷׵ͷ
˵̧ۿȥʱһսʿЩӡ󣬵˹֮սйŸ溲ڶ·һͬУʱǰʵ꣬һȴͬ˼ĥһ㣬Եʮֲɣ
ȥǽɣ
巭гء
˵ͷָܿԱһʿİǣߣȻһ·崩ţűöȥ
һ·ذᦣǵЩ룬һ۾Ϳһѡ
ΪϽɫ֮һҪ࣬ᦱ鲼ɢһŨı
˭뵽ձ¥ϣ̸ЦӦ԰ʦı󽫸溲˿֮̾С
һʱ䣬ипѡ
Χһһű⣬һۿѪ죬鱯вѡ
үˣ
壬һվɫѡǰǵʱŸ봫ţȻйС϶Ǵʱ˿̣ȴбΣεˡ
û˵ֻǵ˵ͷһȺĽ߿ֱߵǰ
⸱ɴƵУڿѾı󽫸溲
ף߷ǱıȻȥʱɱֻӳⷽ٣߳һȣϸΪڵ廹š
Ȼô룬溲Ѿˡ
ɫҰף˫գµѱñ䣬ڵҲϨֻŨҵϢ
ϤϵӣҲɶĲһ¡
ն·ϣ˿֮·ϰѾԻЦ̣һл·գȻеһжѾΪӰ
Ǹߣҹҹ䬡ǾõĴڶߣеӢȴ
¤֮أܵսҵţ˹˲϶һһεĽӣʹ¤ո޷Ĵ
ڸ溲ϣһвŵõ˳׵ĸı䡣溲ıǣΪ˵۹̵ϣεĽʱݺƥ˹赲ڸԭ֮ϣڶʤսۣһִٳ¤ķٺͷչʹ¤Ϊ¸֮ء
еǡ¸޴¤ҡ溲Ĺ֪ڸ溲ϣξзͬʱͳı¤յĹϵҲǳǢ£˳϶¤ӵܡ¤˶֧֣ҲԶԶκˡ
ȻһжѾΪ̣
߹޲뾮ƣڵǵӰҲӿһıˡ
ˡ
ͷɫȻзһ̾
үΣһҪΪǽ
ԣֻͨһһλߵĽ죬˫ĿѪ죬Ĺǰһ̣⣬еıսʿҲ׷׹
үһҪΪǽ
үһҪΪǽ
үһҪΪǽ

飬һһеıʿȥ
ж᲻ᵯֻδĴһ̣⣬һսʿ˫ͨ죬ͷ­
үҼҽԩһϦ֮䣬ʮ佫ˣȫնɱүһҪ࣡һһ࣡
Ϊ׵佫ϥǰ£˵̲סʧʹޡ⣬бսʿҲʹ
鷢ʱ˶ѹţһ̣֣˷·ҵĹǣ̲סʹ
£˵һܹ࣬󽫾һֻǰһˡ
ү
үˣ

һ˺ѷε쳹һ̣ҲһᣬΪ֮ݡ
İɣ
үҼҽһүмӣ˵һܹҾ֣ôػ۷壬һүǰţ˵һ죬үǣһҪŽ
Զһ佫ڵ
ţ
һ͵һ£δ溲ǰšĸ߼佫ûж˵˵Ŀ£ȡţܿ˹ȥ


1705 溲飨£
ӹŷһ絶䣬͸ֽʱӳ
ʾ壺
ţ˵⡭
ŵĵһ֣ʱסˡ
һɲǣжɲ溲ǰԼⱾЩˣµƺǰѾϵԼ⡣
ôܣ
һ¿ȥ
ʥֵ֮ҹߣ˼ǣܾǣأʽ΢Ŀ֮⡣ǰߣ󶼻뾩ʦй¼ͥ󶼻˼˳һѺ񣬴˵Ⱦޱ䣬ǰδţֻ˼ݹ۾ݣܾԶδ˽ᡣ£ֻ˰ͥԶԶ㡣
Ϊ󱸱Դ㶫أŴ󶼻ϣһ֮ѵ֣±϶Ͻگ˹ضأʦع֮أϣȶ֮УΨһܶģΨбѣ
֣վþ˵
й¼ʱ𶯣˶ǰٽͱͥ󶼻˼˳Ҳʷǰ¼Ŀ⡣Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽ԶǸʱ򣬸溲Ѿжϳ˶λԼ֡
½֪£ȴûж֪溲Ȼ緢˿ϸˡ
ƥһ֮Ψһǯƣʮ򣬶ܱߴʳͻʺ˹ء߾۹ǻ񣬴ꡢϤŵ߹»ʧϡ˹ɺǻ֮ѱͬҰݷֻǾ֮ʱδ֣ʱ᧿Σʳ۹սܶԪδʧձо֮ʱ⻼Զ㣬ΣأΨһߣΨѡ
֮󣬲ͣҲص飬Σһмǣ踺أΪأպΨڹ
еּгأþ˵еżϣܿ췭˵ڶż㡣
һϣĶˣЩڳҵλöҵʱ䲻࡭
ڶϵ֣һڶź͵һȫּͬʮʲݣرңƺڷǳ£ִд͡
ôܣ
͵һ£ֽϵžȻǸ溲ǰɲǣҴд͵ġôܡ
һļ¿ȥ
һפ¤ҵҵմ޽ѿΨһ·Ĳ¡
ƽԸΨҰ̫ƽ
Ϊˣһƣδ˿ҡ
壬иˡ
ϵдȻֹˡһּҲԱʶֽĩβһëϳĳīƺЩѾ溲ķ䣬ʼˡ
֮ʲôҲûˡ
Ǹ溲еɬֻޱȡ㵽һ̣溲ҲԼǼҹ𢣬ɽ
ǲԾּٿǰײǾѾ䣬ȴϵ壬ץס߬סȭͷӿһľ壬һ޾ı
еǾ۹ηͳ˧ҲӢۣ
Σⶼս֣
󽫾ģһԸģ
忴Źеĸ溲а
λģΣҶһỹǽһ࣡
عͷܿˣɫᶨ
лү
Ļһʱ䣬ڣ˼ѣʹ

˵ʱʱ죬ʱһͻȻӳ⴫Ⱥͱŭ
ô£
üͷ壬عͷ˵⡣ڵıҲ׷վŭ⡣
Ǳ󽫸溲ļգеı¤նۼΪǶԸ󽫾Ĵ󲻾

ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һТıսʿһꪣҴҵĴ˽
淢һ˹ˣ˵Ҫ󽫾ݣﴳ
ʲô
ǺôĵӣȻʱ֣
ʿĻڣн춼ǲȻŭ
ˣЩ˹ͳͳɱǵѪ죡
˹Ǳ𣬸󽫾ɵأЩ˹ҲѲ˹ϵҲ֮һ˭ڽϲֻ·һ
ǣ
ҼĽʿüĿɷ˵⼲ȥû߳һϵͻȻ
һ£
üͷһ壬ͻȻ˵ˣ
ȱ𼱣ֻһС˶ѣƲʲôˣȥЩ˹˵ʲô
δ䣬Ųȥ
ڣڽƬ̣࿴һۣڵ˵ͷȥ
߳ȥԽԽͬʱһ˹߹ȥڿǶ˹ˡ
ڱ˹˴жʮңһǺѰȣЩ˵Ҫߴǿ׳Ķࡣе˹˶ףڳһͣΧıսʿЩΧһȦһȦĵȫ׼ǣƺʱҪ֡
ɱǣ
ɵЩ˹ˣ
һڶΧıսʿ¤Ե÷ǳΪҪ㱨ȥȴ߲Щ˹Ѿʬ޴ˡ
ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬˳Χıսʿ׷һȦеȻ׼֧ʮ˵˹Сӣսû˿и
崩ȺȺ˹ȥһһϸĴ
Ѱ˹佫
ֻɨһۣԺһͷΪ׵˹˺˹˽ȻͬϴһɫļУ׵ʽ˽⣬ֻ˹ص۹Լٲʹá

ڱ߹ͬʱȺ˹Ҳע⵽ߵĶ֪Ϊ׵ĳɫ佫˵ʲôһ̣е˹˽еıһ׷ӵ˵ϡ
ǰǴ£
ʱΪ׵˹ؽͻȻеɬõȴ
ǣ
Ӧжһ£һɲǣǧͷһӿ·뵽ʲôȴûж˵
˹ص۹͢ǴֻΪ󽫾޶⣬ү죡
˹һ쳹ա
ʲô͢٣˭ģ
Ǽʣҹ
Χ˵ĺ˷һޱȡȻھⲦĲԶĵطȴǲɶһüͷ


1706 ˹صĳ⣡
͢٣ְԼЩӡ˹ص۹գΰ߸ϳΪָľ̫³Լ͢ԺյĹԱеĶǳɫҲ̫ɫ
͢٣֪ǲߵĽ̹٣λߣҲû뵽ԷȻɳô߼Ĺ
һɲǣжѾʲôʲôҲû˵ŤͷıڽǱĵ̣Щ˹Ҳýɱá
һȺĸ߲㽫Ҳ׹
үǽǰصˣȻҲǱصˣ񽫾ڣЩ˾ͽүðɣ
ߵͻȻǰ
һоͽүðɣ
Ҳ׷׸͵
溲ǰȫдģ󽫾֮Ҳǵһϵģ˵廹˵棬Ӧࡣһ˵ĶˣЩ˹˵ϣݡλȻҲʸȫȨá
ҪǣڽҲЩ˹һڽеľ֣ǳġ
ĬƬ̣ڵ˵ͷ
˵ɣǵǹʲô
תͷڵ˵Ļһ˹˴ʧɫֻ͢ɫƺԤϡ
ү󽫾ͻޱ䣬֪˶ܱʹдԣ˵˹ģ˹˿ָŸԭϵģǾûаڸ󽫾Ҳеǳıʹ
һɫ
˭̬
󽫾ˣǲ˵𣡡
˹صĻţ
ǹ

ĻΧıսʿ¤ٴμ˹˫Ƭɱ˼ʮأ˫в˶Է˹ܵ󽫾磬˵Ļ˭š
֪˵ĻǺţЩ䷢Էθ󽫾ȻǵĵˣҲ˹˸е塣Ŵ󽫾جģͲҲǳıѾԭϵĴҳŵһ֮ںͱ޷Υն
⣬УҲ󽫾ƣеĽƽݣ
С
ⷬΧ˶סˣǺ˹˻Ϊ𣬳⣬Էⷬһʱ֮Ҳ˵
Щ˹ǫ̬ȣǵԤϡ
ҲǴΪ⡣ȻѲµȺ˹ĿģҲû뵽ΪƲµĹϵԷ˹ص溲λ
飬˹صʷϣҲٳ֡
ǵ˼Ѿ֪ˣ󽫾飬͢ڵ飬սԳ͢Ϊ׼
ܿ죬عɫĮ
֪˹˿ɲʲôķ֣ڸ溲ȫ˸ģ˹ص󣬶Է̬ⷬ
ϸ˼⣬Էɳָ͢߼Ḷ̌ͬʱ溲գԷ粻ƫƫԼִﱱǵʱ˹Ѿһ
˹˾ǶԸ溲жô𾴣ȲѣΪԼѡ
лүһΣ͵ǹһССԸϣܹڼݸ󽫾ʾ˹ضԸ󽫾ľ⡣
ǰ
ˣǻǿ߰ɣ
ҡҡͷɵ
Щ˹˵Ѿܴļˣǽ溲ãǻˣ
ߣߣ
ʱΧսʿ¤Ҳ׷ϵ
һ˿ӵɫ֪Ѿܽ溲á
ͣ
ʱ˭Ҳûϵ鷢ˡ
ߵļͻȻͳ϶С˹ذףĻһЩذӹսĲѪӿһƥƥߴ˹սȻ˻˵ڵأ
үλ֪ǲţЩ޹ؽҪʱ֤󽫾ûκιϵǺ͸󽫾ΪҲô޳ֶܵΡ
⼸ƥս˹صԣ˹˴Ӳ˺ԼսΪս⣬Ҳҳϵģ˹սʿĻ顣ֻ𾴵ӢȥʱǲŻԵ꣬Ӣ飡
˹ص۹ȥӢ۵ڣ
˵仰˸ƣһ̣˹˷׷Ը溲õķ򣬹飬ߵͷһٶͻֹ
үллǽⷬ˵꣡
ߵͷһ˺ܿվ幪
໹డ
忴ǰƽһʼ״⣬Ҳò˵һ
Ϊ󣬲ܶԷʲô⣬Ǽݸ溲һ㣬κ˶޷˵ָĻ
ȥǵĵͲ𾴲ġɫֻͽͶѡ˹ضԴԼ¤Ⱦָ֮⣬һգǻɳֻǸʱ¿¾Ͳֹˣǻҵ
嵭
Ļɫʱ˲١
ڵĴܱŷɥĴڣһ㣬˹з֮ʹ
ֹç֧ܣȱڱᣬһٹĸ֮أҪ±ѵ֮һۻأһ㣬˹˶ᣬͬʱҲһϴĳ衣
ٷŭҲòϣǰ˵Ļÿһֶʵʵڵвȫȫʵ֡£ʸ˵ֻһвһĻҲֻǰˣ
»ὫⷬתͲġ
һܿתкһˣ˹һͷһ۱ǵķѸɶȥ
ȥɣ˹ʲô㣬ٶʱڣǻҴٹ¤˹춯һԴ£ʱ˹ԵĿɾͲֹˡ
ʧԶܿعı
лү
ڽимѡ
ڵıڸ溲һȺ֮ѾΣķ˹ʱ룬ֻǺ¤᧿Σˡ
ı֤Ǹ³һŶ衣ƾһƬңǸ֥Ļصй¼Ǹ溲ЩеçҲоʲô
˵ĻһԾŶһŵǧܹ¤ڸӵľ棬Ҳֻǰλõ
һбߵʱ򣬻˭Ҳûע⵽谵Уһֻ˶ĺӰԼٶȻ裬Ӷ
վڱУһۻûע⣬һֻ̣ӥȸӣͫһƤһ¡


1707 ´⣡
ֻӥȸӥУӥ֮ͽȸֻӥȸ̣ٶȼ죬ֻڷǳҪϢʱ򣬲Ż
ৣ
ϸ룬һ죬ֻܿӥȸɵԼС
ָһӥȸϽż㣬ͷһۣżӦ֮ǰĳġ仰˵ո뿪ʦһգȸѾĳš
ô£
΢룬ż㣬ܿ쿴
ү
ŷϵĵһ֣һĶʱȥһ·¿ȥһ֣ɫѿѡ
ȸż㲢ûᵽ̫飬ֻᵽ뿪ĵڶգ͢˵ǴӰ䲼һذ
ʥ΢Ϊɣ£еķ˶׷ױųоͰ֮ǰ۾֮ƣ֮еķ졣
ͬʱԸ溲һвһ˧Ϊɣǿ÷Ϊͳ˧Է˹ؿܵĽϢ켴Ρ
ϢھʦѾ𶯣Ȼд󳼷ԣȻǿͨ
溲¤˹صвЩеΣ˭޷ϡ͢˷֮⣬û̫ɿѡһ㣬ǷԵҲ޷ϡ
ڻˣ
ͷƣһƬָ꣬սǽ죬еżʱҲһš
й¼˼˳Ѻͻؾ£˼˳Ҳ֮УĽ佫򱻴ӵѸ滻¤£溲λʥΪɣų죬溲ָ֮䣬㽫սǿıС
һУλ˿Ϸ죬ƻܣû˿
ƾûʵģЩѾʼˮˣ

˼ʱͻȻԶһɧлż
һĻعŤͷȥ
ֻԶѾȥһ߼죬ͻȻӰ
ǼӰƽ£ϰ׾룬ֻǿһۣ˳ȻһеĻ¹٣͹еĻ¹ȣЩ¹ҲЩһ
ֹϵĽϸ΢Ĳ𣬾ϣÿ˶һ̴ľƣ滹ɰӡǡ
¹ټ
Ժжһ˿ͷ
͢Ի¹ٵμ±ԼռϢʹ佫ͱܹϴЩϾ֮һ֮󣬱һ㣬ĹģΪ󣬲ɳļƺ佫ʵ
Ҳһ㣬һֵżĻԼߵĻ¹١Щ֮ǰҲжš
λڰɣɴ󽫾ϾҪ˻׼һ£ȥӭӰɣ
Զֻһݣȧͻ̫ɤӣͻȻ¹ټǰһᣬǿ赲˵ȥ·
ɽΥּ͢ѾˣǲҪּɣ
һ¹Ҳɤӣŵֺһ
쵰ֱ̫
ŸոȥʬδǾͼææ˶λãֱ޲磡
ʲôɴ󽫾Ǳֻһͳ˧ʲôʱ򣬶ֻи󽫾ǵͳ죡

һսʿ鶼ѡ󽫾ûᣬʬڣЩ˾ͼææŶȨܽܣͲ˳𣿣
Ǳûʲôɴ󽫾
Щˣ
ΧıսʿҲ֪ԭίһѪ۾ĿѣһЩʿֳȥЩ¹ټΧס
ˣˣ
Ǳʲô췴𣡡
ɴ󽫾溲ǳ͢͢Ҳ𣿣

һ¹ټһĻ־£һߺˣһŭ
ֱд㣬㣬㣬һҪ೯͢ͳͳؽΣһ󲻾֮
Щ쵰˵ĻӼȫˡǵƣ
Ϊ׵¹ٵΧˣŭɶ
ߣ
ԶһĻֻЦһû¹ٷӦһΣ˲ʧԭء
ž
ڳͻҵʱȻһ¹ٵϣһƵֱ֮ӽ¹ȵױΣطԶԶˤ˳ȥ
ϣս˻УԶһƥս¹ٵУʮ¹Ҳȥ׹ڵϣѪˮֱݶĳ˼š

һĻ¹ټ־ֺһƬڡ
ң
ǿǼĿǳ͢㾹ȻҴǣ
壬ﻹ͢飬һϱ󲻾֮

һƾͱһһȺ»¹ŭǰڴ򲻹壬ΧĽʿһȺ˿ͳ嶯ˡ
㷴ˣֱǷˣ
ʱǸɳȥĻ¹ҲɫΡΡĴӵվ
ȻҴƣһѽԭԭϸ泯͢
Ϊ׵Ļ¹ټˡԴмְλ޲ֺ⻹ǵһ
ССĻ¹ټҲڸ潫Ϻٻǲ󾴡һֻǸһССĽѵٸҺɱǣҵ뿴ʱ򣬴Ӻͳ͢Ǳߣ׻᲻Ϊ˵
վڲԶĵطżˣĿ֮䣬ɱ¸ǱһӴ
սɳƺǿ󣬸ᣬڻ΢ΪɵĻ¹ټȻΪȣȫԵ
˱סһϣʱ˫սսɫ԰ޱȡ
ң
һ촽Ľ»¹ϹҲסҪһ༥ȻŸո˵˰䣬Լס䣬ֹˡ
Ҫ˵ˡ
ɫսսͷϸС΢š
Ʊǿڱĵ̣ŭ治һܻ뿪˵ڵݸǼ¹ٿԱġ
Ĳ˵ǡһս񡱣⼸ͷѹġ
ο溲ȫ˶עţ浽͢ʱӻ᲻˵˼ǵĲһ

˵ʱ٣ʱ죬΢΢Щ͵ʱͻȻһͷŰײԶɶ
߷һ֧ʮҾӣǰ󶼻ţѾʮˣӦаʱܸϵ
̽ӷһڵϹŵ


1708 

ⷭܵıʿ˲ɫҲ˲üͷжʱ΢΢һǱذΧһȺ¹ټ׷׳һ
ôˣǿЪˣЩɷ񡱣ʸ֮ġ
úÿ죡
ȸϢӦԼ뿪֮󣬵ڶղµģӽų˵ٿ죬ҲҪִܵõǡ
߼¹ٲŸոմʥּ߾ͽӵ֣ϵϢٶٿ죬Ҳܿ쵽ֵز
仰ӺλһУֻ´µ黹ûгǾѾǰĵͷ˳
еһУֻΪҹζ࣬ٶȽƿԼС
ЩͷԺзӶܿع˶ñࡣ߲ƣ߲ӷųһΪ˰ԼշһҲҪ÷ƺԼ
һְѷΣ˿ǾԹˣ
ȲҪ䣡
ͷҲûأıڽ
ͬˮ𣬵ǺͱĹϵҲ̫溲λʱĹϵҲ̫á
ڣȺףֹǸ溲ߵĶҲ¾ѾûʲôԷˡ
еһѼƻķǳ꾡
Χĵģ͢Ѿµı󽫾ǰ溲ѴһƬţ˵Ŀ⣬ͬһȫ˶ĳ
ʱ仺ţϢУ֪˶á
¡¡
ڱǵĶߣԼĵطĵͰɽ룬ֱ̳ʣڹ̳Уֻɫɽ»ӭƮ
ھĺɫϣһֻĿΧķɶԺѼ
壬벻ɣٴؼգ
δˣںɫֵͬʱɽ£һ·ѹõͻȻբĺˮһ㣬еԹ޺ͷŭкޱȣӴ
գ
һضҡƬգֻʱ䣬˻УһӰźڼף׳ͬһԶɽϡ
Щ˵ǰһƥͷīëԷ裬һӰ˵ĿС
˫ڵƤһŨ룬˱һεǰڻ죬кˣ
ոճķ죬嶼Ϊ֮Ŀ챻Ѿгʱ䣬˵ľ񣬺ǰȣû˿٣书˿֮ǰԽۺʵ
ǶģԽ£˲ٵĳɳ
ˣ
ڳԶɽϵͬʱһӴľƿն˲Ϣ䴩գԶϡ
һɲ鱱ǵӰ˫֮Уıһĳ֮
ڼд˽ӽʮµʱ䣬ͷ棬˫űյҹҹûһ̲ؼգݺԼ׸
ҹҹ޾ĳ޴ʹͣԼȻǳˣҴղ£˱ǣ帴
ݣ
һȣͬըһ̣һʮʵĲ´Զɽݺ¡
ү
ԶģˮƣһĽҲΪ֮ɫ䣬еλߵæǰߵߣѹһŵ
Ǳͷɴ֮飬ү£Ƽ뿪
͸һŨŨĵǡ
֮Ĺϵ½֪Юƶ߲ƣдӺͳ͢ʱ򣬶ǳ
Ǹ󽫾صˣȻҲԸ¡
ˣһ컹Ʋʲôˣ
˰֣Ŀ⿴Զ۵糸ķ죬Ƶᡣ
߲ƣ߲οҲһ졣
󣬾˵ʱԶֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ʮһ·̳űǼٿ
֮еıʿ޲ݱܷâɰǰ׷ͬˮ˰ȥ
ڴ֮УԹۣв˿ոճǷâ¶ʱдڱʱΪԼ°ɣڸ֮ǳʱ࣬ǾǴشˡ
¡¡ߵľɲƻ̤ڱмٴֱǰ塣ʮɣʮɣʮɣʮɡԽԽ˲û˿ļٶ˿ͣµļ
һɲԶԶģ찲¶һ˿Ц
ߣ
һʱ֪䣬ڷսԼɵʱû˿ףͫкһưľ˲ƿն͸˫ۣ˲뵽˷ƥԺ֮С
ϣһĻͻµԻһʱػ˻ʯ䣬徫ݼ£ƥսϹʹƶǰȴһƬֱ޴Ĺ£ڵϳĹֱۣĳķȥ
ã
оսı仯Ȼɫȫ񶼷ϣһֱڷĹֻȫûϵȻʹþ
ƥսþѵһսʮأǾԿƵģԷǱʶû˿ⷽ֡
ϣ
ս˻ۿŷҪ˴ˤ£ˣ侪ң飬һ춸ȻεضһתϷ
ϣ˵ĿУƥµİڵϻһľ룬ƫУײǰ
ͬһʱ䣬һƬңҲʱע⵽Լ֮⣬вսͨͨܵĹһ׷״ˤ˼Ϊ߳Ĳǿס֮⣬һˤǱĺɫ춼۶һ
壡
һĻɫ࣬ʱޱȣǯָ߬졣
ߣһȺûõĶ
ֻһ˲䣬кһͻָ򶨡
״ʱ΢΢һݣھͲȻŭЩԭĲһ֣˿ľȣȻôĿסԼŭȻеǶʱ䣬Ѿ˳Ľ


1709 ݵѹƣ
һЩѶԸˣ
а
壬ڼˣ
춢ǰ壬ɫɱʵʣ·ˮӿ塣ĿɱˣڵѾɱǧٱˡ
ˣ겻书˳Ľǿϲɺأʺϴ˰
΢ͬһʱ䣬һɰϢɽͬڱڱǿȫ赲⡣
ܷεŬʼնѹ塣ʯ䣬ǰǵӰжʱɱ
Ȼõģ߸ϵ󶼻һУΪ˭Ĺ͡
Сӣ˭Ц˭ЦãֻԶûн
Цһ˵ΪǾ仰δ䣬ĿһתΧıʿҲθ˼㣺
ڵıУ˭Ĺٽߣ˭£
ѹס壬ЩսʿǰǸԺͳ˧
ǣ
һȺʿ˭Ҳû뵽ͻȻһ䣬ǺܿһĽӾ˳
ܺãѾˣ
ЦһܿΧıʿ
ǳ͢飬ڿʼμλþ棬Ժ֮⣬еıͳ˧
ǣˣ
һĿ࣬ʵǿԱ˸߳һصĺ佫ϥأӦ

˷еıʿ˲ɫ
󽫾溲ʬδ䣬ǾĲȵʱ˭Ҳû뵽εĵһ첻ŰģžȨĸ߲ȫ滻ԼĲ£оδĺ䡣
ʱҲɫһȻɫ䡣
쵰ʲô
ֽԶֻģǣ
ǣȫҹȥǱ˲֣
Ⱥз׷׷ŭĴȻ쿴һĻ˿޶ԡ
Ҫ췴𣿳͢ľҲǿ๵˭췴ͳͳ£
Ŀ磬ɨȫɫޱȣ
⣬вһ󽫾ʬͣڱǵ֮У񲻷ʱᣡ
䣡
һȺҲͲסˣһŭ쳹أᱱʣཫıȨҲͰˣھȻ뽫ɵĸ溲ǿᣬΪֹһûнüݹѹʵĸ溲һӦеضûչʾ˲䳹׵ļŭΧˡ
˭ҷ
ȺΪҵʱһͬըէһ֣¶ԼΪһ̺ڰһ쫷磬Χһʿ÷׷ȥӴѹɫ԰ײѡ
ڰ쵣δ󶼻ʱһ£ڶ౱սʿķԣҲû˿ĸı䣬׼ѹ
ϣ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮһԷĹԭĶ৵һ³ϵĳһк׷׶׼Χıڽ
ԭҲ̫õĽȨÿ˳׵±֧Ƶľá
֣
ۿΧıԽԽߣոձԭ⽫μĿһץסᣬһݣҲ룬ŲԶһŭı佫ȥ
ôãʲôʱö֣ʲôʱսˡ
溲֧µӡ̫ˣƽֶξͽӹܱǾԲܵģֶηĳȽЩʣĸ߲佫£ȻٶЩԵĴͷǿѹƾ󽫼ǿʵȫԽеȫѹ£֧ķ
ȻμŸոһûгԶ¡һ̣һɰبμǰǹɾĪ⣬һֻһ㣬μУȻݺݵ˦ɳȥ
ֻһ춯صľ죬μͬ׷׳ֵɲͬƬ㱻ݺݵڵϣ̳֮Χ׵ĵ涼ҵ
壬ң
ʯ䣬һȣĿһֳ鵶ֱһٵأնһΪһն¡
һֺƵӴʮֻ֮ǰ׹һһѾն䵽ǰ
̺Ļ˸оƺضҪܲסһΪ
ã
ү
˷һڱ쿴һĻʱһϣŲѣڴܱж֮У챾곤ģҲΪģֻǶΪԭƿʼ޷ͻơڿͬʣ˲ұӣȻѾ˶ƿ
һΣҵ˵ǿȨб֮¹˭ֻĺ˵
Ȼһ̣ŵʱ򡪡
䣡
˫ŷվڵϣһǼ򵥵һĳô򵥵һƣ·ӵĪ򵥵㵲˷Ʋɵһ
¡ƺƣɳʯƥľͬһˢеĺµ̰ӣȫ޷Խ׳һ
壬Ҷ֣
һȣ춯أ纮˪ݺݵĶŶ塣˷ԭҪֵȺ˲䰲սš
ӹǳ͢ľ壬ҶԿ͢
ٴ߳ɫָǺԥս˵ƺʱ׼ٴζ֡
ߣ죬㻹ң
ɫĮ˵ĵһ仰ɫһͣ
⣬죬·ϣõѵûиǱ飬λ֮ǰ
ˣ
Ļͺһɫʱѿޱȣڷ˵ʹģĪﰵգɵʱȴһ·
̶̴ʱ䣬Լ󶼻λãһʥʲ˱顣
ûбˣҲ÷޷Ź塣
ߣймҹ棬ǱҲһ
ˣԿ͢񣬸£
ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ָָŶ壬ȵ
죬ǴˣȻôҳ֣Ǳͳȫ㣡
ϣûȵ֣ͻȻһЦȻһȷ
䣬âһ嶸İεض
ʯ䣬һӴϢϱϢ֮κʱչ¶ĶҪǿöࡣ


1710 ڤm󣡰ܣ
컯
ָſӥһ㣬ͬһʱ䣬˫磬һһ»Ӱ籡ңңס졣
ʱ䣬ƺƣɳʯһӴϱڶʱҡܿƵɢݡ
ã
һĻʧɫûϵȻǿƣûȵԼ֣һ֣һ־ǴɱУһ
壬ң
ϣһ˻ƥԣȿסѪ¡һ˵ڵϡ
ʱɫ䣬Ȼɱ֡
䣡
ʯϸ룬ϳһһɵĵƥϯϣ֮ƣŰе壬ݺݵն˹ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ĺӷմǹҶӣͺ޴˷ĺСںУ󣬹ӰŤգ֮䣬ȻԳɳӰ
ĮĮĻɳ֮УȻԳ׶ĹޡЩ޻ҺɫʣжѸޱȡЩĹϿգȻһֻŷɳᣬβ޴Ĺޡ
ڤm
Ǻˣ򣬴ĻԭȻͬڤm˵һͷϹʱޣҲǰ֮
Ĵ˵УھԶʱ֮ǰһƬĮ׺ɳޡͬɳ֮ڤmһػƬա
˵֮УɳĮĳһͨڤͨڤmڤ飬ʱڣĹɥᣬĹ֮жڤmΪԼĹޡ
Ŵڤm󣬾ͷ˵еݻǴ˵еϹ֮һ󶼻ǿѧ
͸֥ŹȻҲͶ˴Уûдӷ촫֥ϡ

ֻһĮĮɳȻ֮䱩ǰٱǵأɽϯȥڻɳڸ£ڤmȻһβЮһ⵽֮ɶȥ
ɣ
һɲǣޱȣ֮м尾ҹҹÿһ̶ڶĳ֮Уƾɳ޺ͱͷżһֱɹģڤmߵڤ֮
ǳԽĿֲûκεܹڤ֮࿹⣬۹Ҳһ
֮Ըս壬ƾľߵġڤ֮
䣡䣡
ڷ˳ͬʱû˿ף࣬ġͻȻ֮ͬʱ˳֮ǰڷĲ֮˿ûɽ¶ˮ֮ǰֵʱ򣬻˴循ˤڵϡ
Ǵʱһ֣¶ԶĺΪ
էһֵʱ򻹺˲ֻ࣬һգۣϵϢͳʼαѸٴﵽ˵ĵز
ϣ
һһҷ˵ͬʱº̹˾ĿУɫĴִţƿնԾ˵ٶȲ塣
ǵʲôˣ
˷һ󾪺Ľ챻ȣȻȥӰж𾪡
ʵѾʮǿ˭Ҳû뵽Ĳ֮оȻҲ˸֣ͷҲѶá˾ȵǣ¶Ϣڰ˽Ȼͬ
ߣȻ𣿡
Цһⷬ仯ƺ⡣ľѾ屶ͬĸ֣˼ϢǸһֵʱ򣬾Ѿ˶ߣʵ΢ġɲ
񹦣
ʯ䣬嵤һ仯΢Ľɫ̮ѹѸٻΪһɫ£ĺɫĴִײȥ
սף
ͬһʱ䣬ҲѸٻˡ֮ʯеġսסйâһǿսʱ֮ٴγ֣һ˦ݺݵĻҲɨɫ
䣡
ڳǳŹ֣׳΢¡һ˲ͱҲսףǺɫס֮Ҳ֨֨죬Ǽ᲻ɴݵϣȻһۼ
ֱ֮˷ָ
ã
Ԥϣѹ£ս׼֮ġвû˿ϲɫһĳˮףɫѿޱȡ
ķӦ̫ˣ
Źֵһ΢ǿṦģȴһ£һսǿ
ԭļƻУȵ챩֮һһңźۼѸĬϣɱһֲ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽ĸ֪Ȼ񣬾Ȼǰԣȶ֣ȫ˼˵Ľࡣ
ɵ
ʯ䣬˽һ̤һԾ˵ٶѸٸı䷽ҪűУٴη壬һѾˡ
ߣҹɣ
Ȼ£һĻȻһЦû˿ǰݱУڱʶƼı֮󣬻ܼҲ̫ˣ
䣡
Ӳӣû˿ԥѸټˡ̫޼Ԫɹ¡ֻ𶯣ʮ¥ٴγ֣Ǻƴɾ㣬ۼĻΧеıʿӴ¥ӳУƵɢһǿģĪܵϢ˵ĸоͬ߸ϵһ㡣
¡һ컹ûӦһֲڤ֮ʱͬţ纣屳ġʮ족ǿɽȥ󣬷ҲͬʱܿƣĹûġʮ족֮С
ʲô
˶ʱʧɫ
ȻûȵǷӦķѾ¡ֻһ춯صľ죬ڷɲĿ⣬嵹գͬա
ȥɣ֮¾
춯صıУ𵴣ȱģǷġڤm񹦡Ŀ񹦱ġɹ֮󣬸һ֮ͬߵġڤ֮һء
ǰͬӺһ㣬ŷ춵ͷ£˿ܵضûС
ⲻܣ
һǣǵصڤ֮춸۾ĲšһŸɷޱȣ԰׵ûѪɫ
һ̣¸溲ĳǰ¶е˵𺳡
ڤ֮ڷ֪ǾԲܱܵģ˵ǱգԱ֮֮Ը
ͷԺзӣ¡һ̣Уͬ߷ݰ˳ȥصڵϡ


1711 䣡
ͬһʱ䣬âһ֮ǹһһңէһ֣գͬ㣬ŷȥ
ã
һݣв룬Ǳܵĳȥ
Ȼʵǿⲻѣһѱ㾡ȫ츮ҲҪԴ伬֣˵ǡ
䣡䣡
սֻŲƳȥɣҽһĴ֮ǹݴεĶڵϡ
壡
һĻ˶ˡĽҲ𺳵˵֪һǣҲû뵽Ȼһ֣Ȼɱ
ˣ
ͬʱһ󾪽ľɲţĳŲԶȥֻ׹ڵҳһ޴ĿӶɫ԰ףϢһȻǱֱ˹ȥ
ʵǿôǿù΢壿
岻ҲͰˣһ֣Ķ֡
壬ң
飬һ͢ģ
һľɲѪ۾ݺݵĵ壬˻ߡ
ߣֵõ˵
·ըͬʱȣƾճڼɲߣߵľ붼
⣬Ҫˣʽ֮ǰʿ㲻ϡƾϷϵоҾɱǣ͢Ҳήң
㣡
һ仰һݣʱĴ˸䡣
˵Ĳڷ컹ûʽΣҲ֮ǰֻǼͨ˶ѣ佫㲻ϣȴǱ顣
Ըˣ˸Ӳˡ
ߣ𣿡
һһ̣ЩֻǰһڣԶûһͱ裬ڵϡ
˷ѻȸǱսʿˣһĻ˵
εġ󽫾ȻҲǷߺ޲ѣ˭Ҳû뵽⻹ûΣͰȫˣɱĲ
ˣǴȥ
Ͷ֮ѹס죬һܿתıʿ
ȥ
佫γѣܿعָıʿѷ죬ġɲȫѺȥ
үлл鷳ˣ
ԶеķʧΣĽǰһмѡ˭ףһǱȫһ֮ġ
ֻǣΰǣֻ³͢Ǳߡ
Ժ鷳ڽжھβѡȻѾ£һп»Զδʼ
İɣ鳯͢ͺβңзִ磬ǲصġ
˰֣Ƶ
ȻǸ鷳˵ҪĵĶҪĵĻԶھʦ֮С
һ粨ʱƽϢȥҲؽ˱ǵһΣڸ溲֮ǰǲܱųġ£ǵĽʿܿȥ¤İպսʿӮһʱģк͸溲ദʱ䡣
ΧһƬžлƮͼζϽеǾд˷Ī⡣
ЩѾ˲²⣬ֻǣҪ֤ʵվҪһ
ϣһв
һܿعǰϽͣ
潫ˣ

һ̣絶Ȼߵľ룬׼·ĸ溲ʬ塣ˣâһڤڤһǿбŷ
ʼʱûʲôӦֻƬ̵ʱ䡪
У
һϸɲһ΢ģĺɫͻȻ溲׷϶Ųλ𡣿ʼʱ򻹺΢ǽԽԽŨƶţһֱֺɫ
ЩƮĺɫɫȻѿޱȡ
ֹڱ˵ʲôǶ˵ȴϤ
쵰
һŭⲪɱ糱
Ӿʦ뿪ʱоһɻ󡣸溲ͨˣʥ۷ĵ۹󽫣Ϊڸ֥֮£սḻУʲôܹɱ
һϢУĶ佫һȥʹŵһıȺף
Σⶼͨ˿õģ
һжѾ˴𰸡
ˣ˵֯
ǣ
һɲǣ۾Ѫޱȡ
£ܹУϢɱһ۹󽫣ҲֻЩգĪĺ˲溲ǳ͢ˣܺͺ˲κεĳͻϵߣȥɱһе׷ˣҲֻǸ˲
ռžһŨҵɷڱԲ֮ڣһƬСãһƽ
潫ģΣҶһỹһ˭µ֣Ҷۡһ̫ã
ĬĬŹеĸ溲а
˵仰ܿתá
岢ûеȵ溲ᣬƬ֮߳˱ǣ˰ڡ󣬸ϣĽȫۼһ𣬸С
үھ𣿡
һĽǰ
Ȼ֪Ϊ飬Ȼæ뿪Ǹһַǳæĸоӵִﱱǵڣڱʱһʱ
ţ
ϣ˵ͷһص
潫ѾˣҲˡٲ뿪ҵľʦ£
ڽһӳĬˡû˵Ժȴǻ֮ǰֱ֡ͷ֮սէһΪľԹĽʿҲΪԼźͷ췭ģмޱȡ
ȴӷı֮УоһЩΡ
챻ʥųҴ溲˹ˣһѾõ˳͢һͨҲԸı䡣
ֻΪƿرǻʲô춼ȫԵȵԼڵʱϢв𣬵ǷȴƫƫҪԼȥ⼤ŭԼ
岻ţ᲻֪ôʱԼʲôӦ
һж̫ˣ
⵽оƺҪסԼԼڱǣ
ϣ
뵽͵һӱžʦ۶ȥѾԤϣı仯ĻҪöࡣ

ڴӱǳ֮һֻ˶ӥչųӰзӶ¡ӥȸ׳ϵż㣬ֻǿһۣʱͫһͺһ
ĲһԷ糾ģֻж̶һ仰
䣬ٻأ
д÷ǳʲݣƺڶ̶ʱڣд͡
ݣ
żһҴҳžʦķٶȥ


1712 ټԷ糾
Ƶʹʦ֮սţȻͬһصľ¥ڼ˽ͳԷ糾
үˣ
¥ڿĵһۣԷ糾üͷȻչǣææӭȥԷ糾ôã廹ǵһμ˽ŵӡ
Ҫţô£
忪ڵɫ򶨣ֻȼ䣬Է糾
Է糾ܿ콫ԭί˳
֮ǰڹͻȻеĽ˹ȥ˵Ƕϴνıַǳ⡣ʳǵΣԲĿ֮ͽ׼ԽϴƣѡеĴͳͳ졣дͳΪ֮ף߱ḻʵս飬Ǵ˴ѡ֮أ
Է糾ڵ
оĵģԷ糾Ŷ壬ĿǽǣⲢѰĽ䶯ҲΪԷ糾ԼʱԷ糾ڣصĵط
ڵʱ̫ˣй佫ȫﻻ˴ӵˣ溲ɹλӣֱ֥ȨگҲӵСټϽôʦ⣬Ƶ۹ϵıͻӵС
ƽʱܱ꣬սҲͰˣǴڸƽȴʱҪȾָƵıͼѾھʦ֮УҴ嶼о˲ԾһŽգΣ
Է糾
Դй¼֮󣬾окܶ˸оˣֻķչĻҪµö࣬ھԷ糾סˡôӿ˽û˸ᷢʲô
û˵ȴޱȡ
ڿʼˣ
аĿޱȡԷ糾ܹĵһᾪޱȣΪһû˿⣬ƺϵ˻һĻ
ͥڶԽˣ
д˷һѾʣڱǣ뾡취ŭԼԼʱѾо˾ʦ֮л¡˼֮УпܻΪһĿģǡǡǽ
ʮټϰ֧ͥӦϣʦ֮УѾû˿赲ˣհ߱Ҳ谭
Уıʲôʱ򣿡
ЩͷԺзӶǰԷ糾ܿ쿪ڵ͸һǿĸȾ˲Ծİһŷĸо
ʱ
Է糾ڵ
Ƥһ£Ȼ֪ӼƻܣȻ뵽÷ڱסԼһԼ̫ʱ׼Ҳû뵽ʱȻôϡ
𣬼㣬ҹԷ糾ҲֻһʱѣǽϽҹ仰˵Է糾ʱǳޡ

һ˹һг˸ڴߵĺҲûĳˡ
ȲҪţһ׼
忪ڵһ仰Է糾侲˲٣
⣬ʱ䣬Ҫ㾡ھӪ֮УҪһʳ׽֮ˣĻһɲҪʳá

ĻԷ糾дΪ𶯣
˼ѵ
֮ĲУ֮Ĳޣ
ɫأĵ˵ͷ
Է糾ƺҲʲôþõ˵
ǰ֮֮˼˳ѾѺΣ溲ǰŻȨᣬûһβǲпѪȡӼȻѾԽ֣˭ָ˵Է糾֣
ڻλǰһССԷ糾ʲô
İ£Է糾ܿ뿪ˡԷ糾뿪֮󲻾ãһӰϢĳ
ү
ȸͷ
˵ͷɫû˿Ĳ
ڿʼ֣Ӿеһжĸţฮ
ʹӵĹϵѾ֮кִ֧ܶӵˣԭһϵָλ磬Ƴĵһ࣬ƽʱɽ¶ˮ˵ȴǾܺӵһ
ϢѾܶ빬Խ붫֮ȥˡ

ȸһ֣ص
⣬ȥϵȺң⼸Ŵǣ
һ䣬һָ˼ż㣬ȸɫһ֪ʲôʱдµġ
ȸӦһܿǰнӹż㣬Ƭ֮󣬺ܿת뿪
ȸ뿪֮󣬺ܿ˼ž
Ȼһ̴ľԣֶȴû뿪΢΢ͷͷ˼ƺƮ޾Զ
ͥټڵĽһжѾߵĹͷ
ϯƣҪң֮ҡڽǰ˵ʱ˿̣ĵĻǽ
£ϣ㰲Ȼ
ʯ䣬ͷüӹһ˿˿ǺͲӹȻ˵ǣ嵣ĵģһ¼Ķ̣й¼Ǳ¼ڵĽ¼Щ޼ɵˡ
ʥ̫гشı仯ƶôʲôǾôӵģ
һУȴ˵ȸ˵
û֪ǻĳͺ
ģһڷУþòû֪ʲôֻ֪ԼһʱŴӷ˳Һܿʧû֪ȥȸʧȥټ
һֱҹʱŷصУԼȥʲôû˵

֮УƳϡ
ôǱƿס𣿡
ϣҡҷһ͸һŨҵҰģϷ
ص£ɴ󽫾ǱѾóб죬ҽԼְ˽ȥ⣬֮ǰǴͥľɲҲѾ͵˱ǣɴ󽫾ƿؾ档ȻлЩ飬ɴ󽫾ѹȥް֣
£ſڵĵطһӰ
ϸȥ˶ʮ߰ңǳİü͸һҴӵеӢŴӽƿسãԽԽҴ峼˴£ӵȻҲŽ˶֮С
ߣȻ£̳
߸ߵ̨ϣӥǹˣĿ΢΢˵ͷ
ɾתƿسô꣬رһ·ƿرͥ´УߵѾõһ˵Ҳ֮˾޴ı仯ԽԽе֮ࡣ

ʱһֻͻȻӴ˽һ˺ϱ㣬ʯĿһ˹ȥ
£ոյϢص˸֮ۡǰʧһʱ䣬û֪ȥжϣӦǼԷ糾ˡ
ʯǰһ񣬺ܿ쿪ڵ


1713 ͳ죡
һɲǼ䣬˷׷׿˹Ǳᡢҵӣնʱ֮ǰȻͬһжҪĹͷ˶֪ɵĴڣĶ֣λֻʮĴ
˵ĿУʯɫ̩Ȼ
ʦУƾŴӵĵλµ̽Ѿﵽǧ֮࣬鲼ʦʦ͸˸ġ壬Ҳѳ׵ӹĶĿ
ȻǸ߾ˣƾԼʯѾڴռ˼Ҫĵλ
ߣȻ⣡
һܿ˼žӻջĿ⣬Ӹ߸ߵĵܯⲽԷ糾һ彻ãʱȥ壬ˡ
һССԷ糾ǲΪǣǿϧˣǱߣΪܹס弸գû뵽ʧˡ
˵󣬴ӵ͸һЩϧ
һ˷˽ӹܱһҪ񣬻뾡һа취ĽŲ廹̫裬ڱֻҴҴ˼ʱȻͿʼظϣһ㣬Ҳûа취
²صǣǱѾƲʲôˣ
ʱǰڵ
ģߣѾһᵣģ
ԤϣĻӷЦֻһ˲Ӿͻָ
ıƴͿˡ
һ仰Ťͷ˴й
û˵ֻһЦȻбûϢ

ҹһյ۴ϸĺڵƼϣȼţԣȴһ߼΢ɳ̣ɳһ¥۴αȣڻԻͣȻǴڻʹ
ϸȥɳ̵ıԵȻһӡǣá
ʹɳ̣ǽɣõˡڵļ֧ÿ֧һɳ̣ҲΪ˽ܹõķ
ʱ˿̣塢Ĺø֡常ڣǵȫۼһ
νĴ䣬λͳʲôӦ
ǽϵƻҡҷ˶
Ҳ൱⣬ͳ죬ҪҪ߳Ǳ䣬λͳԭеĵλǺԴǱ˱ػʦսϳԷ糾֮⣬ȱ飬Ҳ˵ǽĶ̰壡
ĹøֿڵһƬأʱȣǱѾ׼ǵʱ䣬˵ʱ䲻ˡ˶ףⳡ䣬Ѿϵ۹Ե֮
ֶ˶٣ŵ
ǱߣȻҲǿ׼㣬ԲŻ뵽ڱָıƴ˵ĲߵǸ̫ʱƾսǱǡǡóĵط
ʮΪ֡֡ߡ֧֣סλͳͳ˿ƽʮʱ䣬սս
´󽫾ʥģ˵ս֮ʱ´ͳʥߵĽĳ̶ӹɣ
λͳģδͳʱ˶ҪлӵܼܵշӦûȥѣʥʡͳУΨһ£ģҲֻˡ
ǻ˳ǸʮİգҲĽ
һǰ׼ҵİ׺ݣ׺ȻᣬŶʮ꣬ʮ궼츳ȴ˵ġʮѾõʥʶʥ֮У˰ֱ꣬սʱ־ͳ죬һٻ֣ܶ˸ͳλá
ʮֱ˴ͳλãΪ֮ʷĴͳ죬ڵʱâ¶ͬʱҲʮǰʱϵᱲеĵһ֡
Сڶ˶٣ŵ
λͳУҪĵģ¾ǰ׺ˣ
˵ⷬʱ΢ЦſһԱߵΧ˻⣬ҲЦͰ˼֮Ĺϵе˼û˲֪λСԼү֣Ȼأ⸮ж˿
ھкܶ˶֪׼ҴСڹ֮деῡ壬壬˭Ҳϣ
˭Ҳûע⵽˵ⷬʱüͷ΢΢һ£Ҳֻһ˲ܿͻָ
ͳÿһһ֮ôƿصģڴӦҲףΪʲôҪŪһĴɣ
Ĺøִʱӹͷܽ
ļӾûаյ飬һǾɵģԲʧ
һڵٴα
ȸ˵ռ鱨
۾ڵ
ǣү
ȸһ񣬺ܿˣ
ܹλͳ죬λͳ죬ֱ֡֡ߡֵ֧죬ʸսͳλãıиֵģʵҲֻͳѡ
ǵڹȥİʱͳѾİסǵǵϣʵϺǹϽȻͬЩźǿҵΪαۼ
ȸڵ
ΧԶüͷɵӶ֪˱ȻǴӰԼˡӶԽ־ڱصã⼸˱ȻĪĹ
ԶԸıĸ֣û⣬ͳд붼ѾͶ˴ӣ
һͻȻԱߴʱˣ˵Ļȴо
ҪԿģǴӣĺ̫ʱһǰһǺеİףû⣬ΪӦѾﵽʥ۷壬󽫼ΪͼλеĴͳȣҲѷɫ

ĻдΪ𺳣һɲ֪ǼʵǿҲû뵽Ȼ˵ǵΪѾﵽ˵۹󽫼
ү᲻ᡭ
̧ͷֹҪﵽ۹󽫼ΪʵףһصżѾѵ˳ǧߣôô׾ͳô֣
Ҫ֪Ѿʵĸ溲Ҳֻʥ۷尡
ϵȻܣڴӺƾսϣȻˣ
嵭һ仰û˵ƾӺͺδǼĪĺ֯һоȫͬˡ
ⳡңӺ˽һʾѾȫͬ
ں̫֯ܣ΢ĸǶӵв٣οǵ۹󽫣
һıɾ鷳ˣ
СһǱɽٻģǽеһԱ䣬ϵ۹Ĺˣﻹס
һж˵ôǱ߿¾Ͳֻ۹󽫼ĸˡ²μӱľַ棬Ҳȫ׼ҵĵʱı䣬ǻȫ׼Դˣ
˫ȭѵ֣ٶĸҲܲסֳսԸͳǱ߿ºѵֵס
ص
ĿǰڽУԷ糾˵ĹϵΪܣҲǯƴӣֹ治֮µϡ
Σı䣬Է糾Բ䣡
һɲǼ䣬У˷׷塣


1714 ʹУ
ڵζԷ糾ǳԷ糾ȫһڣľ֧״̬ⷽ棬ڵˣֻܸĻ֧ţ޷ֱӰرǿǵԵģ̫ʱպյƾսԽˡ
ܴڵ˶³֮ǻûԸΪԼԺ̫ʱƾսıһϸ¡֮ǰļ飬й¼Ǳ¼λƾսչ¶˼ΪµƺֶΡ
£˵ܹԷ糾ƾսƴҲֻʣˡ
һƬžֻž
ʱһһεţȵʱ̣ǽƴʱҲ۹ʮϴƵʱ˵ʱ䲻ˡ
ʵҲԷ糾飬ĵģλͳ죡
忪ڵ
һ仰˵һ㶡һ̣·ʲôĿв¶Ȼɫ
ͳλ磬ʵߣ˸ûǱ߾Ȼ֡

˵ʱʱ죬ʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲͻȻӵ⴫ʱ˿Ѿҹʱ˴⣬һƬžǼٵĽŲҹɫԵüΪ̶
үˣոյзŸ룬λͳϮ
ͷĴ󺹣һڵأ
ʲô
Ϣڷ·һ£˲ɫ䡣
ôʲôʱ£̿أ
Ĺø֣͵ؼ󲽹ȥһѾ
ʱ»֪Ӧڰʱ֮ǰڹѾڲˡ
̧ͷɫ԰ޱȡ
ԴأԴô
һԱߴСҲҴǰһе
ԽһаãԷҲϮסԽɹӹһ١

ڣһƬأոѹޱȡ
ֽҪͷȻû˵̿͵ݣǶԷݲ
ڵζǷǳǱ߾ȻϮͳ졣Ϊ֮ƣֻо취ִ󣬾ôƳĽ䡣٣ҲҪⳡƳٵͳָ֮󡣡
ּ̻ͷ
ڽôãĿȾҲѲǵĳСУξεĹܡΣպ͸ӡ
ֻаͱȥӰ죬ó͢ȫ׷̿ϣ취ӱʱ䣬Ψһİ취
ûõģ
ҡҡͷ˵ĵһ仰Ϊ֮һ
߻ǴӣǻлᣬǺĻӵʱûв´˵Ϯͳ⣬¸û˼̿ͣң֮ͳ죬ûɱǣԭ򡣡
죬Ǳһ˵иûκεϮ¼ֻһͳ߲߻ħѡһȻһ֪û⣬ӦòǺأɾˣҲĽʤˡ

˿˵
үȥϵУ
һԣȸƺ뵽ʲôһæڵ
ţ
˵ͷȻ֪𰸣ȴûֹһվ޷⣬ڽ֮ǰѾȥţѹˣֻϧ̫Դ󣬸ûĽ飬
Է糾ûг£а
֮ǰʱѹԷ糾һҹͲҪٴԭסΪССġ顱ʹԷ糾ɹӹһ١
үô죿
ͻȻڵ
һɲǣеĿⶼ壬š
ֻһͨϮ˼䱻Ͳĵλ˶Щ޴룬֪ôˡ
Ҫţλûеֲصĵز
建۾ɫ򶨵εĸȾ˲Ծƽ
ԽΣյʱԽҪ侲˵ǻ
λΪ˻ȨǲֶΣϵش󣬻ڱ߷֮ϣ֣ܲڷ鶼Ԥ֮УҪƽԶûôף
Ƕȥɣһаţ
ŵһ仰󶨡
ǣ¡ż㼴̽ƣھͽԷ糾УеһҶѾа׵
忪ڵ
ү
żҲܿȥ
ȵȥĹø档
ЩΡʹ֮أ˸Խ룬˵λͳڹеסΧɢŴĽ֣οǽ䣬Ҳضƽࡣ£ԷܴʵǿĽͳ죬һû˿һġ
зȵʱһбˮʯˣ
忪ڵ
ԭע⵽ˣ
΢΢˵ͷܿ뿪ˡ
ȵ뿪֮һĬĬվڷУһãŻصɳԣעɳԵĴƻʹĿ⽥ޱȣ˭Ҳ֪Ժʲô

ǳת֮һҹȥȵʱ󣬴ƻʹеĽڿʼˡ
ĵص㣬ڻʹУ
ʹУϱͷһǧɣ˺ʯשڵ¼˽գģޱȡ
вͬνĴϴƣӲûйлͣھʦд壬Һų˴ţǰս
䣡
˱ʱʹ֮УһƬڣȽȻͬ
һΣôҴȨ󣬾ӰŴնҴѾ˰ͥͱںܶҴ嶼ڶҡڿǷҪӣζǷǳ
ſڣһͭʻֿһͨУҴ͸˿˿ǡ
صȥУģֱǽ죬ԱУĦơ
һԣԲ΢΢üͷ¼߾ȫҪֹЩҴⳡȨ֮УŴӽƣһЩٴζҡҪͶӡ
Ҳֻһ˲üͷչ
ʱĸұֵԾ
ͻȻڵ
һ塣
ֳ
ҲǴĴңڹǵһ鲼ݡʹʳźܴ
Ӵʳõ󣬼ռϵ룬ҪǣԼЩӡڽеˮ·ƻҲҪĲߡ
һȫȥӪ
κζд۵ģϼҪһ׬ǮҪֺôӣĺ¡
嵭
֪ͨǺĸң͹ϵкˮ·޽ȫų⣬κҶܺ͹κεϵ⣬֪ͨ˹ǵڿʼйϵ̶ӣԼǵĻһɲͨ˹


1715 ʢ䣡
˹֮սͳĸһ·˺ɺȻΪŵĹϵһ񣬵廹һЩɹ˹ǾеҪһʡ
һսһ˺պչͣûṩ鱨Լ˹еϣһս»Ҫϲٵֽš
֥İҲô˳ǰ˳ռ˹ǣһҪıݣȻҲֵĴִ
һս֮ڳ͢ӣɺһ£Ƽ˹ǵĳסͨʺ֮ء
ǶһڴƵҲ뿪֮ǰʡ
ֻҪһţùϵ϶Ĳ·
ɱӺסҡΣ鷢ȥ
忪ڵ
ţ
ֵ˵ͷҲҰ̫һлǾȡ
ꤣܿ촩عǽִУִֵʱУɽ˺
ͣ
־ʤ
ҷ˾ţ֮״ҽⳡһܾʣ
˿ˣʮһⳡ˭ʤ
ոյִһ
˳ֻɨһۣͿҴӵܣվԶУԵһ˻ߣԼϲĶͣＴʣȻһ֪
ԶĵطһҼȨɫأУܣά֣֡ߡȽһƬţѻȸѹޱȡ
ͳϮȻѾٳٶ۵ĽʿҲᵽ˿ͬѰΣζʱû˸Ҷ˵һ仰
߳ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬ͺĳεħһУΧһ˲˷׷Уһǣվǰ壬ÿж͸һ˿ηÿ˶֪ⳡʮҪվУԵǵӰ۹ġ
쿴
УĶϽǣһӵܣԶ̲סĽֻ˵һ룬㱻һֹˡ
ϣסڣ
ҵļɫ࣬ѿѡ
յӵòǼĵϵһӴˡⳡ䣬ֿԣϹҲԣʹӣ½ᵽǵ֣пͷųźţΪԼļɱ֮
ڿʼٸҶ˵һ䣬Ҿʹȣӵϵլ׵İ̳˵ʸ񣡡
һԵļ
ӵܻĴ˸䣬ʱɫ԰ޱȡ
Զ岢ûע⵽һĻĿѸٵɨУμ֣֡ߡһɭϣվսΧ⼸ֻĺ󷽣һ緢ĬĬȴŽս
Է糾أôû
ĿɨһȦͻȻڵ
ûʽʱ䣬ӦûӪ֮УԶӦ
Ӧսǰ׼ɣ
ֱϾǽеһԱڽеҪ˽һЩ
΢΢һüͷû˵ͫһ˿˿ͷȻ˼ʱԶһ
䣡
УĶϷȺڣˮ˷ֿһֻҵĺڼ׽ɭϣزʻĽͬЩڼ׽һϢۻ룬գɢһŨŨɷȻϹսѪġ
ǣ˵ܲٲܲپ͵Դˣ
ֿԶ֧ڼ׽ͷλõĸߴӰͻȻЦ
еսʿϹɳģѪģܼԦ֧ģȻͳԷ糾ˡ
ûйԶԷ糾һƥԣҲע⵽Զ塣
Ŀ㣬΢ɲĵ˵ͷֻһۣ˱ջĿ⣬ĵط仰ûж˵
һ·ѴĬЩع
ĶѾˣʣµΨսѡ
ˣ
ҲʱһɧУλһŤͷȥֻߣֵ֧ҲŸͷ̸ϵУ
⼸֧ȻԷ糾ȣ΢һЩǻ£Ҳ͸¶һѪζĽȣԸ߳һء
쿴߾ͳ֣
־ͳɽ
ǲǻХ𣡡

һ˲䣬УΧȺзһƬ֡䣬һͳλãʢ䣬ھеӵܺȨ˵ʮ궼ѵһΣҲαô˳ԭ
εľܹΪǽʮ̸ʺҫʱ
УԵһͳŭι˼Ŀ⾫â䣬ĳ
󲿷ֶûʲôʵս飬ϾǾеľʵɼΪǿ󣬲ϧ֮󣬿ºܶ˶λˣ
վԣʱԶп
ӳɹƽ֮ضᵳͬ죬ҪĽȫЩͷϵͳ죬֮кܶ˶ٳˡ
ЩͳȻҲһ㣬һЦɫء
û˵ֻ΢΢˵ͷԴӵԸһôġֹܹӣ֮кܶ˿¶Ͷһࡣ
䣡
˵ʱҲƬ̵ʱ䣬ضҡУ΢΢Ĳ·гǧսڳﱼ۶ǰƣöԷ糾Ťͷ˹ȥ
ˣ
ֻǿһۣ۾΢΢һУԺжһͷ
УĶ֧·ӿĸڳУĽ֧ͬϵܹһǧ˵Ķ飬۵ʱȴһƵĴӿĸо
ǹƼԷ糾ȣҲѶã
֧ǰĸߴĽִȫװֻһ˫۾¶⣬һȫںĿ֮У˵ĸо·߳ħһ㡣
˾ǽ³ֵͳ죬ڽкٳ֣ҲˣǼ棬ҲںĿ֮УԵǵϡԴα䣬Ķ־ˡ
ֵӶߴǡ
һ˵дͳ졢ͳλãһȷˣͺٻ׸ı䣬Ҫڼ֮ھʹӻͳ죬ǲܣȴˡûм˵ǿʵǾġ
ˮڣԷ糾ǣ
嵭
Է糾֮ǰѾʶˣ˵Է糾һ˹ĲпսʬɽѪ֮л˴ʳľ񲿶ӣѪ֮ľ񣬾κ˿սġ
˵ĩʱԷ糾δϵͳ֮һܴӰ˶ֶΣԷ糾ǿ׻ܵģ
Զ֧صĴܿλУΧնʱԽңֻǿһ۱ջĿ⡣֧жǿվֻϵӶѣˣڶûг֡


1716 Ӽݵ
壬ҵˣ
˼ʱͻȻһ㻶Цб෽û룬һϤİɫٻӰһ磬ѸٷӶԡ
˼⣿ô
ĿһдΪ⡣ǰŮһ£ǻۣǰ˼˭
ǺǣҴ͵ģ
˼һƤ
磿
΢׹˼еĴ磬Ȼǰ׺ˡ׺ǽͳ֮һţҲ׼ڳ͢λߣҲԺյӵܡ
νͳ쳹ϴƣڰ׼˵ȻҲϢϢأô飬׼Ҳܲģ
ĿһɨӹȺȻ˰׼ҵļԼ˼ļλ岮ǵĿȺѰʲôЩǡһɲǼ뵽ʲô
˼⣬ͳϮʱ͢硭
عͷһԵİ˼
ȻĻ˼ɫȥ
Ҳ峿յϢϺݴǱҲϮãݴʵߣƲǺأҲȥõ˵ҩѾȶεϾͬСɣ岮Щģȫ˹ϵ
˼
ΪŮӣΣ֮ĸԾͲǺܹģϾϵˣرʱ򣬰˼Ҳ̩Ȼ֮Įġ
û˵üͷȴ΢΢˼
İɣ粻µġ
尲ο
лл㡣
˼ԣȻɫÿࣺ
Ļһᰲࡣ
Ц˼࣬ʱһУ
Ӽݵ
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һ߿һ󾲱޴̶Х˶𣬺ܿ죬УıȺӿƺƵ
ԶԶȥֻȺϷ˻ƶľ޴󻪸쳣ۡ
ʥ۹ڣܹʹ̵ģҲֻдˡ
ÿÿˣ
㳡еȨҴ壬ȫɫη߰㣬׷׳ȥʹ֮ľ롣

УϲֿһĻͷҲԾĻҲý
ⳡ䣬ĻĽߣֱһ̲ǳ
ŴӳߵĿУϵնʱԽĽţԭеʱҲټĹ㳡ѻȸٵΪӵܣҲʱΣһɲա
ʱ˿̣Ψһܱ򶨣̩ȻģҲֻˡͦƮƺƬؼԶûκζܹΪ֮ݡ
¡¡
һصĽŲһŴڽ׳䣬Ѹٵĳ˵Ұ֮СΪߣƣʵΪԶ֮ϡ
УΧĽ֮УҲǺȺһ㡣
岢ûںЩĿһתֱЩĺ󷽣һܽɫľϣһۿ˴
ϴŽɫۣɫһűΣι֮䣬â䣬ŭ͸һޱȨƵζ
һʱûӸĸоȻ֮ǰȫͬᵽһҰĵζ
ˣ
Ҳ忴ȥͬʱԶɫĳϴҲоʲôĿһתĳķ˹ֻһۣȺе塣
̣
û˿ףĿԵɲǣУϿͻȻ֮佣ţһεĵӹ
ӵĿȻޱȣͱˣĿȴҲͬԣãλȫȨƵĴǰҲû˿ȴӣ˵ǵͷ
ߣ壡
߸ߵĽƳϣЦһĿһ˿ޱȵĹâ
λıܶడ
ɲǼ䣬Χףͯʯһ볯Ŷ忴˹ȥʱУĿĽ㡣
ԶȴɫںʹӶݵĿӺĿѸƿλڶһУ
ϵĴӻ߸ϣհҫۣ˵Ķֲ
Ȼ㻹̲סˣ
Ŀףͯɨܿͣ˴ֱһò۵Ӱϡ
ʹЩ׳ĽȣǵӰͬڰеҰݰϢףͯ˿ҲҪԺյĶ࣬ȴ֪ǸͨͨĺˣǡǡԵĻ֣Ҳ۹Ļʹ
ƾս
û˱Ǹ˵й¼¼ڵĽ䣬ǳò۵
һֱڶ֮У˿ûɽ©ˮҲҪĽ䳡ϣλز¶ģ̫ʱƾսվ̲סɺڰߵ¡
Ǻǣ
Զֻ£ƺҲʲô˿Ƶᣬֻ΢΢һЦƲͷط˿ûкâԵ˼
μӣ
ȵӵĳͣ£Ӵӱһ쳹ʣУΧ˷˷׷׵ͷֻվУϲǰȻһ
Ȼ󣬸߸ϣǳ˳ֵط빫޹أݣҪԴ
£СӺǲ
УһϤȻһЦߵ˴ߡ
ǺǣºαصģһδѾ׼׵ѲӮ˲ɣ
ʱһЦǰ
ɴ⣬һ̣¹˭ֻδ֪
ӵȻô˵ȻĬĻ
Ҫʱ䣬ȥʼɣ
Ӱ˰֣ĶֻܹǴ˸ɫһ˷Ըȥ
أ
ŴӵһƳĺŽսȻУʼʱ΢ɲ죬սĵҲǳϡ裬գۼܼźŽǺսĵһεɱ֮ʱȫ
ʦеȨӵܣȻڲ̸ۣ֮ܵսɱϢһʱ壬˵ˡ
ּ䣬̿ʼĹ򡭡
ɱսУһ壬Щ͵Ľ̫ӣвӺ
߲ͣÿһ仰˶𣬺ȻҲز©Ķ֡
һɲǣΧһƬžҲع̫࣬Ĺ


1717 һսһ
֣һΪͳսʮͳ켶ĽͳսλеĽͳ죬ֻλʤߣʤ
ڶΪͳɵһʤУѡǿˣμյĴͳս
һΪͳսͳ켶ʤսλеĴͳ죬ʤ߽ΪεĽͳ죡ɴƣͲ飡
ν䣬дʣ˵㵽ֹһһΪսܣ˳УٴβսۣҲ˽ϼ֮УСģ
ǽ̫ɤ쳹ս
ּ⣡
˷ɽӦ
УԵɫĮȻϿ˿飬ͫȴһ˿Ĺâ
ۡ仰˵׼ɱ𣿡
ƳһԶĴӣܿصĽͳϣ˺ڼ׸棬飬֪˱ȻǴ׼ɱﵡ
һ㣬ôûõġ
ˣ
˼䣬һ󼤰ҵսνʽʼ
УĶ࣬һ֧֧鲻ϵĽУ֮УҰһϵ£һֲУĶࡣ
ʮսĽͳˣֽ䣬ĳ̶ֳʵҲǽڲѡͨܶͳ춼ôһһսġһ˵󲿷ֵĽͳ춼ͳĶ֣ҲһģЩеҴеӽ뵽֮УбԴ뾡취ࡣЩұĸͳ죬ڶʱڣΪͻͻͽİ׺ݾӵġ
һԣֿԶܵ
ͳ֮У׺ΪܳҲ棬ȻʴӱԶʤܹ֮ͬϴͳλã;ǰ׼ӴԴ֧ҲѲ˹ϵ
û˵ֻǵ˵ͷ
ڵΪǿֻɨһۣѾжϳʮͳΪߵͣһֵıƾʮ˵ʵѺԷ糾ĵλ
ɣ⣬ǣͳϮϢ𣿡
ͷҲصǰĵһ׶սĵУϻûгֵͳ졣
ϣѾյϢͳУϮˣǾԼΣȻڶûеõϢȸȥȴ֣ʹѾȫϿշŴĺ࣬ӥеĿϢȫ
ҲϵԷ糾ݺ͵λ֪Ļһ˸࣬ǶǱߵķӦĻҪƻǱֱԽڼΪ˱ĸ죬۷״ֱ̬ӽԷ糾ԼɸѡϽκ˿
ⷬΪȻ
ȸǱѾڵˣȻеϢ޷ٴݣȸǻֶοãҪһʱ䣡
ǹһ𾴵
ǳҪ

ⳡ䣬Щ뷨Щ뷨ȴȸǱߵս
һ֣սͳԷ糾
˼ʱͻȻһ߿ǰһŤͷȥֻԶһĽֳһ컭ꪣٽ볡ֱԷ糾ȥ
˻ɱɭɭϢ糱佫ȣԸ߳һأĽͳȣҲѶá
֮սĵһ֣ȻԷ糾
ֻɨһۣʱ΢΢üͷһɲǣ뵽ʲô
Ȼû룬УϣսѾʼ
Խˣ
˵ĿУĽͳȻһеĳһָٽݺϣһֻص̤£ɲǼ䣬һѤõĹ⻷ƥӷ±ɢ顣
֧˵Ķ˶⻷ļӳ£Ϣʱһأͬһ޴ģƶĸݰ㣬Է糾ȥ
ɽ֮
ǽ֮мΪǿĹ⻷ܹ˵Ķɹɽ֮Ҵﵽ־磬һ㣬ĽͳչֳԼ˵츳ǿʵ
¡¡غڷĳ£У˲Ǽӳĵʯ嶼·Ҫˡ
УΧ˷һ˫˫Ŀɫţ׷Է糾
ͷ񷲻ͬʱԷ糾ϣԨs˿ΪҲǱݷɭϣһ
һɣʮɣʮɡŷĳ棬벻ϵУΧҲԽĽš
񷿴֪˭ʤ
һӵܷ׷ȭͷĿǽš
ⳡ׳עĽȻͬ
ϣ
˫ֻʮɵʱԷ糾ɫİγϵĳһָ˶ķ񷡣
¡
һ䣬ûУΧ˷ӦԷ糾һֱһͻȻ֮һ㣬˲Ϣݺݵײ˷ٴ
û˿һײжôǿңֻоըԺ졣
һ̣˻ҽڶٽɽ㣬ķѣԷ糾ûʹµ⻷һȭȭ⣬޻ڵķʽ׵Ļ˷񷡣
ٽײɳȥŮɢɢΧʮɵķΧУѻȸһ仰˵
̫ˣ
Χһӵܵɴ۾𾪵Ļ˵˸սϵѪ˵ھ¥ҲѱȻأ侳ִ磬׳ĳ˻Ǹо𺳣еӽȻͬ
գ
ԶɵĻܷ񷣬Է糾һգУȻһƵᣬݵģɵĻ󳷡
ʿյĿ࿴֧Ȼǿ󣬵ǺײЩʳ࣬˵˹֮Է糾ͻᾭֽ̱֮ϵĲڵ͵ȣѾǿࡣ
һսܿɴЩʼϲ
𾪵ıȣ嵹ҪöࡣΪδĽͳ죬ʷϵĴڣԷ糾Ҳ֮С
ܿ¡
ڶܿ쿪ʼ˵ĿУڶӽܿУΪ׵ͳ켡ᣬüһ̣бޣһּĸоȴϢ˿ڷ֮¡
һֵıɺ󲹵ĸͳֱսλͳ죬һɹȡĵλյս
ڶͳһϳܿ˵ע⣬˵ĿУͳ֣֡ߡ֧ͳϻӹһ̣һ죬һֱָָУԵոûõԷ糾
ڶҪսԷ糾
ͳָԷ糾ԥǺУ


1718 ©
ˣ
ڶͳĻһƬȻ
е㲻ԾԷ糾μӹ˹֮սʵ½֪ЩҪսĻӦôѡ֧ôŸոտʼ󲹵ĽͳͽսԷ糾
ĹøüͻȻЩ
û˵ֻϸУ
è壬Է糾
ͻȻڵ

־һԾĿ塣
ȻҲоͳͬʱսԷ糾Щףȴһô϶
䣡
Ҳ˵ʱԶ˻һ춯صľ죬еȫƽϢŤͷȥȴУԷ糾Ѿ֣ܶӺ󳷡
ܶԷʵǿǺԷ糾Լ֮仹ŲСĲࡣ
ͳ죡ͳ죡

ԶԷ糾ɴʤӮУΧһӵܿȵĻͳͬʱսԷ糾ۣܿƽϢȥ֮⣬û˲еĶߡ
Ǹͳϸ۲ͻ֣ᷢʮսУһֱԷ糾Ŀɲֹһ
УԵ忪ڵ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥֻͳµ˳ͬʱʶƳһȴϳսߡһɲֿ˻࿴һۣѸٵĽһ΢
ãйᣡ
пһ֪жϲûдЩ˹Ȼı
ǿ϶ҪóսԷ糾ȥԴ˸ûа취۷״̬ȥͳ죬˵սͳˡ
ıԶѡͳô򵥣ǳ׵Ĺϵ۹ĹˣҲΪʲôôҼ֪ʱ͵صǳУȴȻ
û˵ֻüͷ΢Ժƺͷӹһǣû֪ʲô
£ǱѾвˣ
ͬʱУıߵĻͻȻǰڵ
ȻվڴߣĿȴһԵĺ
й¼ͱ¼ɹ˱ͥͱ󶼻ıЩˮ档ɲݣҲĽʾ
֪ݣڶһû˲ηޱȡһεĽƴǴµ˶֪ǳֱʡ
һĻֻǵһЦ
㶼ûз֣ҲΪǸ˵ĵˡ

ԶƬ̵ϢżٵսĽͳ죬ܿ볡
һҲսԴͳ죡
ͳûˣֱŶԷ糾

ͳĻΧȺһƬȻ
ô£ôȫսԷ糾
ǻλͳȫսͬһˣЩװɣ
ôôԷ糾ͳ죬ȥҪװ׵ôμӽı

һͳȫָҪսԷ糾Ҳδ̫ˡԶԷ糾仰Ҳ΢΢ɫȻҲʲô
ô죬ҪȥֹǣΥƽ
øֵ𣬴ǱΪ˳׵սѾЩֶˣҲδ̫ˡ
ˣ
ҡҡͷԥֵ飺
ӸôȻѾƻ꣬ʮͳǳϣǿսͳеκһȻҲսԷ糾ӹ˵ôȫûģ
ѡιûģʿǴӻ㿪ʼﵽͳ֮ȥսλͳ죬ЩͳʵȻ̭ʵǿ˳ƶϡֽܹѪҺϵظ棬ø˵νͳλá
ֻ׹صƶҲû뵽Ȼù򷴸սͬһˡΪͲܷ
ô죿
Ļ˲ɫ
ⲻһƽıȥԷ糾ܽĴͳս
صģ黹ûеһ̡
ɫƽĿ͸ؿռУĹ
һӦö߻İɣֻʲôѵΪƾַʽܹԷ糾ƿؾʦеʮ𣿡
ЩͷԺзӶȴû˿¶
Է糾ûô׻ܣ䣬Ȼֹս߽սͬһˣҼǵãһٶǰ׹ظնµʱлһأͬһ˵սóΣֻҪԷ糾ֵĹȻҲͲᱻԷȥ
嵭
Զܿ쿪ʼΪսߣԷ糾Ǹûа취ܾġ
䣡
صཻɲǣսĽͳ첢ûǰͳԷ糾ӲӲĽ
һģİεضڰһת˲˵һϳһֺĵ̩ɽѹ֮ƣԷ糾ݺݵ˹ȥµѾȫˡ
ϣ
ŵе绨䣬ƥľɨķԷ糾ǿʵǰͳԲǶ֣˲ͱԷ糾ǿȥʮ⡣
ԷʵҲΪǿԷ糾ȻûϢ΢΢ңȻҲ˲پ
䣡
ûȵԷ糾֣ͳһۣ
ɣ̫޳ˣ
һ˼վһķ߷߲ƽҲóԷĿĸͲڻԷ糾һʼĿľԼΪֱӹԷ糾ĥľ
ôԵͼҲδ̫޳ˣ
صģԷ糾䲻ˣ
ʱƽͻȻӶϴ˼ɫһ㵡
壬˼
˼
ֻһЦĿǰ͹Էıɺ޳ܣȻ޷ǰԷֶΣǶ˵ڵһвûͻԤϡ
˼һƺоʲô΢̧ף˳ĿԶ
ֻԷ糾սʤֺ˳УڳƬ֮ܿӻȡһϸСĽУľУû˿Է糾ȡʲôһȥ
쵰һȻ׼˵ҩ
Զ˿һĻһɫˡ
Է糾ڽеҪѣͬʱǵλߵλͳ֮һжҪľ
Է糾ȡеĶȻ죬Ϳ
ͣ
ͬʱ˼ҲʲôЦ
Ȼ׼˵ҩǱ˿ڵ
ʵϣ˼̧ȥѾӺһȺĻɫɫǳѿˡ
ۿϵԷ糾һϢѸٻָ˵ɫǻҰޱȡһȺѸŤͷһԵĺ


1719 ֶΣ
ǰô죿
ȻǵȴԶûôʢһöҩǧ󣬶ȫܳʦȫڻʹ
ЩҩҪã٣ǿǱȻа취Ūֶĵҩ
Ǻǣ
ֻǵȻһЦĿӹһ˿׾Ĺâ
ӻЩȤζȻľ͸Է糾׼Щ׼ٶ࣬վı䲻յĽ֣ȥɣɳĸͳϳ
ֻ˵䣬㲻ٶ˵Χ˷һȻȻǰһлûгԤϡ
УϱУȻļͳȫѡսԷ糾
ܿԷ糾̷ҩЩͳȴû˿ı˼ܼʮλͳ죬Ȼһ˶ѡսԷ糾
սʱ򣬼ѡӲƴӲԷ糾
ҲûԷ糾ϴ˵ҩ˻սԷ糾ǵʲô
Уϵı˼⽥еЩԻˣӦøоԼĲԶԷ糾ЧΪʲôȴһıԵļûС
ҩֲȴûа취ĵľ
˱һۣ
ƾսϸ緢κһϸڶᱻõƣҵĹǽݡмƲߣֺγûмƲߣ
˼⡢常ȥȥͻء
˦ֿܿ˷ȺŶȥ
ǰǱ߶ˣ
һ࣬߾ӥʯͣһֻӥĿתĴ䣬ҪԻԶԷ糾֮ϣκһĶ𶫹ĸ߶Ⱦ衣
ȥɣ
ָֻһ˸ƣĿⶼûתһ¡

վסڼ䣬κϽ
һ࣬峯Է糾ȥжʮ׵ľ룬ͻȻ֮âһȺ֮оȫװĽ˳ݺݵض壬һһҽ
ͻȻɧ˵ע⣬ԶԷ糾ҲŤͷ˹
ȻϢ糱ϸȥ΢΢͸һ˿ƣȻжûǱóսɹһЩ;
үڼ䣬κ˶øűүӦòΥɣ
ʱһδ䣬һӰѾ˹ǴҪĻ֮һ
Цƾ»ֹ壬Ҳԭ
ǣ
ֻһЦûҽԭǰʱҲջءֻµʱ΢һ̤
飡
ڽصɲǣۿĵطһεƿնŵصӹؿռ䣬˲뼸ʮԷ糾ڡ
ã
ɫ΢䣬ȻģǾ졣
Ľһ̤ǱܵķһҪֹ壬Ȼⷬٶֻȡ裬̤ͬʱһǿķ֮籡

ͺһֱӱ÷˿
߾ȫסΣ˵棬ǿǵЦʱɫѿޱȡ
ȻûаҲûԼĶ֡
ã
һ̣ƺ뵽ʲôһ͵Ťͷһ򡣾ڶʮĵطԷ糾Ȼȴܵһȫµ
⵽ͳԷ糾ԭ;ģĿҲһ˿ƣһǣǹȫ֧£Է糾еƣѸһɨա˵ľ񣬰ĵҲˮǴߣۿɼٶ
ôܣ
˵仰ģԶһֱĶˡ
֪ͨ޵Юɽؿ¶ڻ£ĵ;ȴ޵
ߣ侫޵ġ
ĵľͬǲͨҩָġ
ҲΪʲôıѾ𴩣Է糾ǱҲ̷˻ָĵҩǶȴ˿ûиıƻԭ
һ˵ȻԻָһ˵ľôܻ飡
ǰһУѾȫ˶˵֪
ǰʶ㣬⵽ʲô书
ԣһ˵ͻȻףһĴ硣
һȻվڴôĵط͸ףϸȥͻ֣ᷢǡǡڻڱͨ͢ޡ
ӸһĿףַߣ˶һˣ˻濴ݡ
޵ĻĿ׷׼е˺ϡ
Ȼ˵ʣȴһͺѹûһ
˸ӣһΣʲôҲҶ˵֮ǣĪ⣬ļı˸Դ⣬ľٶ˵Ԥ֮С
Сӡ
Ȼ޶ûע⵽Զ壬ͫһ¶һ˿Ⱥء
¾޶뵽֮ûлشʲôҲûа취ش޵⡣
Ϊ̫ʱ̸ϵĶʮĹ֮һǴƵĶͳ˧֮һȺ飬ľ֡ȫµĹ书֪ر̫ڻʵ۵Ⱥ顣
ġһ޴ң浥ղص书ؽʹﵽ˶ʮ֮࣬߶Ϊ֮ۡ⼸ʮ꣬Щ˵Ĺϵղ˸鼮Щ˵书˼ࡣ
۲Ⱥ飬书˽⣬¸ûж˿Ტۣ
չ¶һ֣ȴȫûκεӡ
ⲻ书״ѧľѧ
Զһüͷ
ʩչȻǡ̫޼ԪɹһĿѧѾʧ꣬ɹֹնԷĹöԷĹԷұǿЧԻָһֵ;һѧ߱ġ
ȻȺ飬ɹƴ֮ǰѾȻܽӴõκεӡ
ҲͶ˵ĸоһ࣬УϣԷ糾ս֮󣬱΢΢ЩƣҲ˲٣֮оȫľܿﵽһ۷塣
лл
Է糾ϣܿתԶ壬΢΢һЦݹȥһ
Զֻǵ˵ͷ
һ棬Ĭ
գԷ糾һܿصӪ֮УĿǰȴһ
ûйҲһ˦ֱԭλȥѱ֮Ժ
ȥıӰҲһһס
ȥߺʹʲôֶΣվֻͽ͡
ڴʱͻȻǰ˵仰ܿʧˡ


1720 ʵ
ô
˼ֺܿӭǰһĵУɽ˺ǱߵҲòǺС
һжѾˡ
嵭һ仰㽫´漴ܿŤͷУ
ˣ
һҵս
սܶʲôѾ޷ٶԷ糾֡ʣµͳһϳͬϣ⼸˼ȫѡߡֵ֧еλͳ졣
ģȫеĽͳ죬һսĶûС
УӸֶһĻĵͷȻԷ糾ǱûдﵽЧϻԤ֮У٣ʮѡĸͳ죬ûսµ
׼ڶֱɣ
ǣ£
һܿתҴȥ
һҪս־ͳͳ죡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ʱУϣһ߿ͻȻ仰ôһɲǣУһƬžһɫ䣬һ׷˹ȥ
⵽ô£
͵תͷһŭ
⡭Ҳ֪
ɫ԰ףȴӻҪ𺳣
ʮͳ죬֮ǰѾȫһһҹǶһһʾЧҵ£
ʮͳʮһ֮ǰļƻУΨһ˲ӡ
Ǹͳʲô֣
һɲǣɫޱȡ
κԴ


壬ģ
УϲԵ˼΢΢һЦԶջĿ⣬Ե塣Ȼ֪ʲôǿУ涫˵ķӦ˼⼸Ǳܵƶʲô
Ǻǣֻ̫뵱ȻˣΪ˶Чȴȫˣ۹ʥʵҪԶߵö࣡
ֻǵȻһЦûзϡ
ӿʮһĸͳ죬е˽սԷ糾ȻҲ˵һЧʥʵĽͳ죬Ͷӡ
ߣƻ
˼⽿Ƴһۣȴûκֵ˼¶һ˿Ժζ
ӵӣƵըˣҲ뵽ؾô̵ʱ䣬Ͳ߷һͳ졣
Ǻǣ⼸죬Ѿ׵ˣ
忴ǰ
˼һ΢Цʶľͼ䣬Ǻܿ죬ƺӦʲôĿԵ壬˼þ˵
¶ҰģҲֻ飬˼ƺ֮ǰѾ˰šѵ˵ܾ֮ǰѾϵ˴ӻı
˼⵱Ȼ֪вŸո¶ߵġ֮ҡ˵ȴ֪ʵ
ңҲΨıпӺͶˡ
ϣ
Ҳȥ룬һҵ˻Уϵıʽʼ
˵ĿУȫںУĪ־ͳ͵һµٱʻУ
ɲǼ䣬һӴƴϱӵɽϯУ
˷ѻȸĿ׷׼е־ͳϡ
ӱڣ˻ûгУ֮⣬˵ϸ֮٣ǵʵ׶û˼
ʼ
һսʽʼ
¡
ڹɲǣغսĶ࣬һͳһ̤ĿĶᣬ±һǿҵս⡣
ɱ
гǹһָһ㣬ֻһɲǣٶȾʹﵽ˶壬էһȥͺһĺϯԽһеǰĿͳͳ˺Ƭ

ǹǿУֱɳƵӵܺȨɾ󣬷׷ȥôһɲǣÿһжһִƺ֧ǳŶᣬԼɱ
ʮɣʮɣʮɣ
ԽԽͳٽϢһƬһս⻷ļӳ£Ʋܿʹﵽһ˵ĵز
ȻɳƣĶֻһ漴˲䷢˹
䣡
ͷʷǰ͵ײһ𣬻û˷ӦصףѾٲһ㣬һͳ죬ٽ
һɲǣʱ䶼·ֹˣ·ֻһɲǣַ·ͣ𺳵ĿУᡱһ㣬˲ٴ֮Уһ󾪽˻Уһ֧սľһ䴩ȫɳȥ
һƬƬ߰ߵѪУսʱ伫̣ȴҪҵöࡣ
ٶˤΧĵϣʹ׵ʧȥս
һѹս
ǿʵ
ԶԷ糾ϣһĻüĶһ¡֪ԷʵǿԷ糾Ҳû뵽Էʵﵽּ
ͳߣǡǡ෴ʮһͳȣʵ»ǰμ֮ڶǰȴҲ˿ûзء
鷳ˣ
Զ
Դ˿ˣ
Է糾ߣǾ˹ʬɽѪĲпĥʵ֮ǿӹɣǴһսǸᡱ־ͳ첻ʵԷ糾µ־ѷԷ糾
ǵһֱѣԷȻδȫ
һ䣬ıѾã־ڱصãҡȻеƾս֣ӦҲ֮аɣ
ֲͬһƵᣬϿ˿Ĳ
£ĽȻûԷ糾Ტۣһ漰ֽȻͬΪ̫ʱڱѵս¾ѷɫκˡ
ˣ
սٴһ̫ܿУ
һʤ
֮׼ڶֱ
ʱţƬ֮һĺŽڶͳܿ쿪ʼ
͵һֱͬڶֱ֮Уնʱý˲١
ˣһֵˣ
Է糾ԣһǰ΢΢Щŵ
ʮͳ죬յĽԤĽ࣬ʮͳ켸˿ԺͳλáһαҪͳ̭֮ˣֻ˲յľ
֣֣ߵ֧һƾУ󣬵ּûһߣرǿǵÿͳԴѡĶǾеľ񣬾͸ˡ
ʱҲͰˣ˶֪ⳡغԶֹͳλô򵥡
õ׼һ£ͰѵһĽ
Է糾ȻϿƽǿŶ֧Է糾Ҳ΢΢սȭͷ΢΢Щš
һսֻʤܰܣ


1721 Է糾
ˣ
һܼսӽ֧ϵͬʱǰȥսնʱɱޱȡ
֧гμֱλж࣬ʱ׼볡ϼ
УϲĿ⻺֧ɨڶʱ巴̫ġ
˻
˼䣬ҵĺӶߴ΢΢һ漴ʲô
ɣµģ
Цţο
ֻЩģǱߣҪһʹóս
˼û˵ȥ
ǰ׼Ҷïٹ̵Ĵ壬˼Ҳ֪ٳ͢صϢǵƵʱ֮ǰֵıֻҪܹƿؽ֮ǰս»һ顣
İɣڶֺ͵һֲͬǱûô׶ֽŵġ
嵭ǹǿĸȾ˼ⲻɵð˲٣
ͳֻֻ飬ҲϰǰΪҪֽţҲܡһ֣ȫƾʵ
ǡ
ˣ˼⻹ЩġںվͬһߣȻҲԾĻΪ忼ǡ
ձƣ̭Ӯʤ붯ֽţֻҪԷ糾Ӯ֣ʤˣˡ
ǰĿޱȡ
ڵΪǿ֮Դʵӽ£ͳܹ֮вԷ糾ģҲֻдӰڽе½ͳˡ
ĿԶջأûйעУϵ飬ڵıעͳ
øЩҪȥһ¡
ŤͷһԵֵУ˶ӣѹһƬֵ֮˵ͷܿתȥ
ڿͳϢƾȸһˣѲ̽ʵֻܼٵ뽣˵

ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һֻŸУıԵƬ֮Ƿż㣬ٴγԡ
湬ǱߵϢ˲ʱ䡣
ֵ
˵ͷŷ⣬ܿһֽеĲͬżֻܹд֣֣ȴͫһ˲΢΢ɫ
䣡
ҲʱУϣһɽѵĻ˲ע
Ťͷһ۾ͿԷ糾ս룬ΧһˤڵصĽĶ棬һͳɫ԰ףվڵء
ձأһȻҲˡ
Է糾һȻӮøɾ䣬УΧһӵܣĿȣǳݡԷ糾˹֮սĴ˵һǿʵȻѾΪЩӵܵż
ǵڼ֣
忪ڵ
ǵڶ֡
˼һ۵治֪һʲôȻУ˼ȫ
ûнͣУϣһֵıѾʼ
һ֣ᣬ֣
Ƭ֮һ춯صľ죬һָɾķʽٴλ֣ܽͳÿһʵǿ󣬵ǺȻʵǿ
һжԤϵĲ࣬ͳУԷ糾֡ͳʵҪ˸߳١
Ѿһͳ챻̭ˡ
ͻȻڵĿУһǣֻ߾ͳХһӽɫĴУ뿪
ձأʧȥʸȻХҲû뵽ô챻̭
̭ζӮˡ
ֲƬ̺ܹӮֵģһԷ糾һȻˡ
ʱ仺ȥձأÿһͳԭ϶սһһ·Ƭ֮һͳȻ볡
УϾֻʣĸˡһԷ糾ؼ״Ӱ֣һͳ졣
һԷ糾
Ƭ̫֮ɤٴУ𣬺ܿ죬ֵԷ糾εǳ
ХԷ糾У룬ٴαý嶼עе˳ϡ
Դϵļʻ϶һˣǲ֪Դ˺ǣǿ
ǰ
ڶֱڲŽ֮߳ǰıԷ糾ͶȫûнӴĻᣬǵھͲһˡ
ȻԷ糾ʬɽѪָ㣬ĶҲǶ׼ɱﵣʵߣߡ˵֮ǰǱƾսӰ
һս֮ǰ˭Ҳ޷жǿ
Է糾ʤҲͰˣ˵ĻΣԷ糾ֻʤܰܣ
УϾĵģΧÿһ˶ס˺ȴĽ
ң׼һ£׼
ڣ˽ŵĵȴУ̫Է糾ֵĶ֡
ңǶᣬҲһˣ
˵ˣ嶼һʱסˡ
̫ˣԴӮˣ
Է糾յĶ֣˼ⶸһļһϲã۾Ц¡ӵˣ¹˭ֻ˵ҵĻⳡ
Է糾ǰԷ糾ȻֹһУԵһԷ糾ӵ˷ܴ
壡
壡

еУһ˷ŮԵΪĿһŮŶɫȹӣȺУСͨ죬Է糾͵ӣЩǻҪ
˭
üͷ
֪𣿡
˼Ƴһۣ
Է糾ֶŮһĸСʱսˣʱӦûʥñҵʱԷ糾⺢ӿ˶ǳ۰ÿηؼ壬ʱ䶼ȥ
ֶⷬΪ⣬ǺԷ糾ҲӴܾãȴԼֶŮ
Է糾ǲص
ԣҡͷʧЦѡ壬һ΢΢˼⣬ܿȻˡԷ糾ԸǱҪȻȥЩ飬Է糾ӲἰҲΪ˱Сʧĺӡ
սϣ֧ܿɱһ춯صľ죬Է糾սʤңɹ
䣡
űУɽĻ֮κʱҪʱԷ糾ΪУ֮Ľ㡣
ͳ첻ΪҴƵӢۣϲɹȱͿԲμһִͳսˡ
ȺĻУ̫ܿУ
л
Է糾һ¶һ˿Цݡ
ĬĬһУüͷ΢΢ʲôҲû˵
ôˣ
һӶߴֿɻһֱߣеı鶼С
Է糾ɻʤͻΧһϲ£ǿ飬ôϲõӡ


1722 ͳս
ֻ֪ǸоЩԾ
΢ͷһ˼
һ仰˵ֺͰ˼΢˹
ôˣʲô𣿡
ֹĵ
˵ֻǸоһƺչ̫˳ˡ
嵭
ڶֱĹأǴͳѡǿˣμվӵˣԷ糾ӦöʵȴǱԷ糾ǳǿˣԷ糾Ȼһûϡ
ܵ˵һֵƷԶһ಻͵һֵȻ෴
Ȼ˵ȫġ
ǵʲô
ģŤͷУĴӣߵĺУ룬ͺȫûע⵽һ
һɲǣüӹ
УΧ춯أһˮƽĽϼþʦеӵǴ۽硣
ڶֵıҲԤϵò࣬Է糾֮󣬶һӵˣ˫˫ɹ
һڽ뵽һ֣ͬʱҲҪĴͳս
ͳ죡
ͳ죡

УΧ춯أһֱĵնʱࡣ
ͳ쵽
һ߿ĶҡضǿϢŷԶԶķ
һŤͷȥֻȺˮ˷ֿΰӰӵ£У
ڣ󻷽ڣλͳԵִУ
λͳͷ˵ʵͳ֮⣬嵽Ϊֹһûм

ԶԶģҲλãһ˽ɫĴӭչһ˶ּĿȻҲλͳеˡֵͨ֡ȴԾֵĴ죬ܹսдԼ֣Ҳֻλͳʸ
ս£忴¡
ѾһκˣȻµĽӴԶԷ糾ô࣬˵Ĺϵȴ൱ǢΪֹֵıƵǱԨ
ֻǿɫȴɫһ
ˣ
ǰʱͬٴγǰĴͳɫƣȻŴͳϣɴڸܵһ
ּǿߣͨһֳƵɫ
ȻڵѾص˼㡣
ЩµлҪأ
ֿǰ
ҳϡֱƣͳд޽ǵġԨҲпĻرܡسֹʵϣǿģȻڽսʤ
磡
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳһ˼ľ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥһ۾Ϳԣһʮ˾İ۽ϣ꽫ɫ촽һЦǧ֮ӡ
ǳԣҪĳϣº˻Ŵ˱Ƶλߵͳ֮һ
ֻǿʱϢ΢΢ЩңȻҲˣֻûôذˡ
ȻϮľºͰ׺ݡ
˵ºͰ׺ݣôΨһһû˵ģҲֻСˣ
Ŀһתһ
ºͰ׺ݵԣһӰǺЦֺϢ糱¡׺ݵγԱȡ
ǰûмףֻǿĵһۣ׻ΪʲôΪ£Ķˡ촽ĿݣǸһ޺Ϳ̱ĸо
μͳ죡
һУУϣԷ糾ᣬԼΧеĽ׷׵ͷĿ𾴡ڽͳӵмߵĵλڽУȫհĴڡ
ԲǽͷһĻףҲһμΪ˵Ĵ棡
ȻһεĽ䣬ѡľµĴͳ죬ս֮ǰ˻ʵ飬еĴͳ졣
ĿУͳ컺
μӣ
ھʮĵط
ɣ
Х˵ĿУӻǰվ
ʽ۹ίңȻҪͼΣСǸӭ֮ʱ֮ǰйٽۼûгԼᣬͼ죬Щ˵⣡
Уĵģ˶ͬһϸй¼⻹Ǵӵһڹǰἰ¡
ߣ
ⷬվȺУһЦ
й¼࣬˲˲࣬ףҲףֻⷬǸͷѣĿľˡ
Ȼֻӵ
ΪЩףԲҪĸľˣӹбʳǺ;ʦְ𣬾͸Ӧˡ
һμĵĽҲˣڱٸһλᣬڳˣеĽԼʦİ֤ԼչֳⳡʤˣǹĿ࿴
ϴεĽģԷ糾Ϊڣѣָƽս飬˲ν䡣
ȻȱʵսʵǶںܶ˵ΣѲ
ּ
ӵĻԶĻס׺ݡ·׷׵ϥ
ȥɣ
Ӵһһ̣ͳ׷תȥܼս·ÿһ¶·û˵ϡ
ɳڵҲؼĻڣʮĹԼƵ򣬶ڴˡ
Уնʱţÿ˶ŵĶУ룬һŵ˼㡣
壬Ȼ֮ǰʱģʱҲԾ
򣡡
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һλߵĽ̫࣬һŽɫľᣬУ롣
һִͳսΪԷ糾ᣬ½棬׺ݣ£ףܹˡ֮ǰһһ˶£Ϊ䡣⣬ΪսߣΧͳָһͳ죬ΪԼĶ֣ս
ֱƺ֮ǰͬǣÿս߶ֻһλᣬԶ̭ͬʱֻлܴͳ죬ȡԷλãڱʼ
Ǽÿ˶Уš̫Ҳܿת뿪У
ͳ죬Χսͳ죬ԴٽУĵλöȥ
ڿʼˣ
Уԣ޷˿趯緢֮ǰʱȻͬ
ͽˣһñʧ
һɲоâ䣬һӴҰҰݰз


1723 Է糾ѡ
ʦʮڽյĴ֮󣬼УټϱѾյʮƼС
֮׳־ܳ꣬ӭҪһ̡ӴԺ¼ûκܹ赲
·ģһҶаţ
ݲȵӶߴĿԶϵԷ糾黹ǰƵᣬг񡣳ʮأ¼ܹģ޼
Խչ󣬵¾׼һչбɣ
̸߲ͣǴⷬȴ¶һ˿Цݡ
ԺЩ˽ȷģԼ飬¾ǽλƾս͵Լˡ
ǿʼɣ
һǣж˶¶Цݣһ׷Ťͷڵķ
Ϳôˣ

Уϲͬţ֡˼Ĳ͵ǣȴԵ򶨵öࡣ
壬ЩһҲ̫ˣȻͳҴ֡һ־ռΣһҪֹǣ
˼һ߷ߵ
˼ȻԸ棬ϾǰһӵܣѪŨˮͬҰ˼Ȼڼд󲿷ֵĳԱ޸УȴΨΪĴ塣
Сʱ򣬰׺ݾǰ˼ͺܶӵܵż׺ܰɱϮ˼ȻΪŭ
ֻǵ˵ͷûж˵
ⳡ䵽һˣǱ߲ûжҪֽҲֻˡøɸ˸Է糾ţСġ
忴ǰڵĻ֡˼ⶼǻһ
˼ǡ
һ֣ص
ӸղŵڣһֱЩԾһ̫˳ˣȫϴӺͺķзԷ糾д

ţ
ֵ˵ͷܿתȥ
ʱ仺ȥ˶ס˺һȴĹ
׷ǳҪֱӾĽһ̣嶼ڵȴš
㵽ôأ
建Ťͷ򶫹ķ򣬻߸׼ȷ˵һ£ĪĹ
һֵĳȫɴӾһ嶼޷֣ҲǴΨһܹԤĵطˡ
գ
Ƭ֮󣬾˵ڴУһӲӵĽУ롣
ʽһֱΣһͳԷ糾
֣¡¡㣬У
׷󲿷˻ûзӦеζȺУ塢֡Է糾Ҵȴ΢𣬲¶һ˿ʹ㵵ɫ
ô£ȫɴƶ˶ᡢ½ϳͿֱսѾ˵İ׺ݺ£ԾĽͳλСΪʲôһԷ糾
һԵѹһ˫Ũü
ڽУ֪Է糾ֱ˾£Է糾ôͳλãһԼŬйأһǴͳµΡԷ糾µ״̬»䣬ͳλøԷ糾
Ȳ˵Է糾ܲʤһѾڼΪĵλ۴һ濴ⶼϴӵ档
û˵˼
ͬһʱ䣬ԶԷ糾Ҳоʲôʦͽ˻࿴һۣ˫˼ôһ¾䣬ҲԼİУ³
£Щǵϳڵ״ֵ̬ܵס
ͬɻĲֻˣԶ޻ڳصĽУʶǰڴӶѹ
¡ţ
ȻֻǵȻһЦһһ仰ޡ
УΧȥ룬֮һܿת뿪Ƭ֮һĺŽУܿ쿪ʼ
ձأԷ糾˿սͳ֮κһˣֻҪսɹȡԷλá
գ
һ˵ĿУԷ糾پ볡һɲǣУţҲ˹
ԴˣҪսĶ𣿡
ӿХУ̫࿪ڵɫĮϿ˿顣
Է糾ϣû˵ֻ΢գƺ˼ʲô棬ס׺ݡ˹ÿ˶ȴľ
Դˣ𣿡
Ƭ̺󣬽̫ߴٵ
鷳ˣһս
Է糾ɨͳ졣
һЦݣƺԼʵΪţ׺һ˿ʲôֻһοЦݡ
ΪԷ糾ѡµʱԷ糾ȴĿһתͻȻУԱߣվȺе塣
һɲǣѸٽһûжע⵽Է糾Ƕ¶һ˿Цݡ
ѾˣһҪսᣡ
һһžʯ£УʱһƬڡ
᣿ôǶ᣿
ѵԷ糾һʼҪ
ô£ֻսͳ𣿡

ΧУһƬ
̫ͻأˣ
˭Ҳû뵽Է糾ʱȥսͳ졣
쵰ڸʲô
У棬ӵɫѿޱȣȻԷ糾ľԤеĽȻͬ
ͳ죬ȷ𣿡
ͬһʱ䣬У룬̫Ҳɫѿ
ҪûмǴĻսѡεĹֻսͳɹпܳɹµĴͳ졣ǹ֮вûнֹսսߣǡǡ෴սУ˾˸ʸյսȫս̭֡
أԶĲᣬڼʮ֮ǰʥʵоֹû˵ɣ
Է糾ڵ
⡭
̫ɫһʱ˵
Դ˵𣿽лֹأ
УԵ۷׷ףԷ糾ÿһ˶
ȷʵֹأٷ
ȺУһҼȻԷ糾˵ضԾ󲿷˵൱İôƵҴ壬вӵڽйְڽеĹأǳ˽⡣
޹زɷԲϮ񣬲ʲôһķȣҲˣֻϮϴԸģٴڻֻʽ̳лλ֮ǰûʸԸġ
Է糾õģ
ͬʱУϲͻȻʲôѹߵ
Է糾Ըֱ£뵽ְ취ֵ˽⣬ʮ֮˾ţԳֱʡ
ֻǵȻһЦûзϣȻ˵Ĳûд


1724 ⻷
ĹʵԶûпȥô壬߳˿սͳ죬ҲѡսΪĿꡣ֮ԻҪΪͳڽӵмߵֹĳҲΪάͳϣ
ӻΪһУǶⳡ䣬׼ıĻҪֵöࡣ
ͳʾǴ׼ƽɱﵣԷ糾ϳ֮󣬲ѡĿ˭󶼻ٶ½սټϻףӾͿεİѽԼС
Է糾ȥսλͳ죬Ķȥս½棬ֻҪܹսʤеһˣô󣬲ʣµս˭һʣ¡仰˵ʮ֮У֮һУ˿ơ
ǰĿޱȡʵһĽԷ糾սӵˣô޷ȫƿؽΨһĳ̶ֳϣǻۺͲѾ˫Ҫ
ԷʵԷ糾޷սʤԷԷ糾ǿʵټҸȸҲԴĶԷľƳԷĵƣΪºͰ׺ᣬǵսѶȣ
һԷ糾ڱ֮ǰѾƻõģߴҪʮͳַսĥԷ糾ԼҲԷ糾Ķ½ʵֻǰʮͳ첻ͬԷ糾ʵҪǿöࡣ
һ˵һֱȻûпʼԷ糾սһƽѾԷ糾һб
ϵıµĹϵ۹δôҪ飬岻ܼ򵥵Ľ˵Ϊǰǵʱн䣬ûӦԵʱ䣬Ӷȡʤľʹشˡ
һϯֺͰ˼ģþ˵
һССսĿı䣬Ȼ̺ôļıһʼѹû뵽ġһǣжһóϷĸо
رǰ˼⣬Ĳ
ûע⵽˼еı仯˵ⷬͬʱһĸоϴŤͷȥһ۾ͿУߣһȺĹУɫĿԼ
쵰
ӵ˫£Уָݺץһž졣
ȻӦ˰ģǶڶĻţվƲͼ
ʣһֱڱϣӻûʼѾ˸ͷ
ºαΪֻһЩСıѣܲܳɹԶδ֪
ʱһӶߴһֱûô˵ĹͻȻˣ
ɹҲõսʤ˶˵ɡ
һܿ˺˼
ƻƻıԹıԣԷ糾޷ĥʵļıͲҲռֻһնѡ
ȥ߶ᣬһֻʤܰܣǱߣͲжͣ

ǣ
է䣬һҴתȥ
һ࣬У룬̫Ҳõ˴ӵ⣬׹
ȻˣԴˣδˣλ׼һֱɣ
̫˵仰ܿȥ
ˣ
Уϣսٴ𣬵һֱʽʼ
ߣ
У࣬һں֮У͵һȳУȥ

Х˵ĿУԷ糾Ͷɵľ룬ٱңš
һսһǽʵμ־֧ľãڽڲּĽҲΪټ
ΧһƬžվУϲͬڹעⳡԷ糾һֱ㹻ģǶġᡱᡱǸһֱڹעԷһֱڱʵ
ԼĶ֣ȡҪĽȻ˱ضżǿĹ֮
Է糾һоͿˣ
а
أ
һɱĺŽ𣬱ڿʼ
䣬ںŽͬʱһ޴İɫ⻷ӶĽ±ŷͬ籩һϯչÿһ־սʿĽ¡
𣡡
ڹ⻷γɵͬʱһĴдڡᡱĺ󷽣Ťһͷ߰׸ߣͬɽͰǿ׳ͻȻεض𣬶Ȼ֣ϢΪһ塣
ͷòͷţһͷ˶ԳȴֽȻͬ׳ģʯ˫۲ͣĻţһǿӿţƺʱ׼ǰ赲Ŀ꣬ͳͳѣ˺鿪

Уı仯Χһ󾪺Щʦҹ̡
ʲô
ÿµƣô֮ǰûʩչ

ս࣬սȺ׵壬óͷ޵һɫ԰ף׷ȥ
ᣬᣡɽ־ԣͷţòԳⲻ˵Чᣡ
ͻȻ֮䣬֪˭ʦĹӸȻûϹսѧǿʶҲȻĴڣȻҲһЩѧѧʿӣܿͱϳͷ޵
ȻⷬҲֻһ룬һ̣һϡĸͻȻӶд
ŤͷȥֻǾ޴Σֳԭ֮󣬡ᡱ־£һͬС͹⻷ţ͡ᡱµĴ⻷Ϊһ壬Ϊһ޴Ĺ⻷ս
Ҫǣ⻷ļӳ£ᡱپͻȻ֮ϢǣһˮǴߣѸٴﵽһ˵ĵز
⻷
ԶԺжһͷɫȻ˲١岩Ⱥ飬ĩ֮мľҪ壬һ۾ͱϳ˶ʩչһּΪĹ⻷⻷
һּս⻷ڡ⻷һ֣ȴ⻷һʩչͿԴӲʹÿһﵽһ˵ĵز
£ܹɹִ⻷ķëǣһ׿Խ֮ս£ôǵһμʩչ⻷ˣһ⹬֮͢С
ò˵һдΪԤϣ
һǣҲͻȻףص־ͳΪʲôȡһᡱļˡ
⻷ͬСɣŹ⻷һ֣־˲ͳԷ糾
ǲģƾս񣡡Ȼ鴫
Ⱥ֮У嶸ŤͷĿӹһ۵ĴѸһһƵĺϡ


1725 ս䣡
ӻû˲ţƾսͲһˣǴ⻷ҲӦÿѵɣ
䣡
У룬ȴǽޱȣΧսȥ룬ҲǷ֪Źᡱٻ⻷֮һ̣û˿ԥ˲䷢˽
𣡡
Уͷ޴ſڷһ쳹ص漴ʯ׳˫һڣصڵϣȻ㻯ΪһѪɫĹ⻷Ŷپʯ㣬һһ޻صƣŶԷ糾˺ݺײ˹ȥ
ǹƴݿ࣬ɲǣܲסǹӴѹΪһƬԶԶȥͬĺ㡣
ضһ˲
ᣡ
ᣡ

ȺУͶ˴ӵȨҴ壬ʱʧʱĴߺ׳ơ
ãȻûñʧ
һ̱˵ˣӶһΪϲȻ֪Ǳ׼׵Ǿû뵽ᡱȻǿֵز
ɣɣһʮɣ
ԽԽҲԽԽʢ˵ĸоҲѰ㣬·綼ѹ˹Խ赲˺˵ƣþѵľ¶ҪӣǶԷ糾ȴǳ侲Ŀ㣬һ
Ҳͬ˰㣬һ
˹Ѫսٹʳ޼ʵĳʬɽѪԵļ尾ڵԷ糾̥ǡ
˴ĵ־Ѵļʵޱȣ˵ǡʯҲ֡£ǿľӿҲԺǡ
һɣ
һɰľʵͬһ㣬˲Ϣӡᡱƿն˲˶Է糾
ᡱͬپڡ⻷ļӳ£ɽӴȫѹȥѹԷ糾ļϡ
ʱԷ糾ȴǴеĽʯ㣬һ
һĻľѣΧ۵˶Ծýһᵽɤӿڣ亹˳
ս˱ȲսˣҪţ
ʮɣʮɡ벻ϵ˫ֻʮɵʱڡ
ϣ
һ䣬ͻȻֱ֮գɲǼ䣬Է糾ڷ˹
䣡
ڳʵɲǣһȦģʵ޻ȴǧĹ⻪ͬ쫷㣬Է糾ڱŷʯ䣬Ծ˵ٶѸٷ䵽
ϣս˻ҵͬһ㣬ǰһƬûпԷ糾Ѿͬһͷɫľ㣬ɵгݶһͷײ˶Ķᣡ
ʮɣʮɣ䣬û˷ӦԷ糾֮ƣݺײ˶Ķ־һ춯صľ죬ҡضغһɲǣʱ䶼·ֹ
໣
ʯ䣬һɲǣ˷һͷ޴ʮ׶ߣ׹ͨɫ˲ϢͶٻͷŰľ޴ݺײһ
˫ۺݺݴݺҧ£ͷ㣬ݺݵײ˴һ
ֻǼ̵ʱ䣬һľ죬֧ڶݵľ֮Ѹٲ
˷ֿͬʱս˻ҽ֮ڶһھ޴ײ֮£׷׷˳ȥݺݵ׹ڵϣѪɽ
ʮ⣬Է糾Ͷһ֧ɼͣ˻˭Ҳû˵
һĻԵüΪ죬ɲǼ䣬УѻȸĿעУϵ֧ӣ˭Ҳ֪ոһɲʲô
ôԷ糾Ǹᵽ˭Ӯˣ
һϴ˼䣬ʵһŮ˼һЩ󣬵ǰ˼ѾǳûЩ˼ɡ
ոһɲʵ̫ˣԷ糾Ҫôһ籼׳һ㣬ǰ󲻵һգ۵ʱ䣬Ѹٷֿˡ˵޷ȳǵսͼ
ɣֻһ̽ѣһֲԷ糾Ǹᣬûʩչȫ
忴ǰͷҲûأһƽ

˼ԣһ΢ͣһ仰˵
ôҵĽսֻ̽ܳ׼Ҵ壬ǰһĻսҲѾ˰˼
ʵϣҲ𾪵˵
ʦ֮ôܻԷ糾μӹ˹֮սľھѪսеһ֧£Ҳûж˿Ժ⣬ôܻԴ˶޷ܵĶ֣
һ𺳵ⳡ֮ǰΪǸӦò̫ǿٺԷ糾ӦѷһЩǴڵȫˣ˿ȫǷͥ񣬲˭Ҳ޷жյĽˡ
Ѫս£ĩս֮ʱ̫ڻʵ۸Ѿ˰ڴ֮ǰµǿ󷨣Щ󷨻Ѫսеľ󷨣ǿ֮ȴѷɫʩչӦþ֮һ
嵭
νǧŰ˰١ȻվȲ֮оûǿĹŵ֮Ҳͬĵ
ҲߣԶڵһ֮̽Է糾Ͷ˫˫תͷɽޱȡ
ټУɽ˺Ȼžޱȣš
һôô
УϵԷ糾ӵɫޱȡ˵ֻ֧֮ĽǶڴ˵ȴ¹ĺͼҵΣֻʤܰܡ
ƼǸ˲ʲô©ɣĿսʤԷ糾𣿡
˵仰ʱ򣬴ЩĲ㣬ģһ֪ȫǳڶԺβһ·Σ־ͳ죬ν䡣
Ȼǰõ㹻ı֤ǿУϵΣɲŵеӡ
ʱ򣬴ӵҲЩˡ
԰꣬Ÿոտʼѣηȵս۲١
˫ֻ֣һ仰евɢ
ˣ
ʱս룬żս֧ƣٴ׼ڶֵĽ֡
ӿ֧϶ɢŨҵɱϢ
ˣЩ˺ǿ⻹ǳ˴ʳ֮⣬ڽ֮еһܰǱƵֵز
Է糾һĽɫأٴС
Է糾û˵ֻ΢΢˵ͷոһֽ֣˫˲֣ûռ˿ıˣȻһ֧С
ȥԴɵģ⣬ȵѵ׼ս
ǣˣ
һ׺һûȵ֣һӴ˲Է糾ڱ˶Ķᣬͬһʱ䣬Ϣɱ֮ǰȶȻʵ˲١


1726 ̫󷨣
ͳ죬Ҫ
ͬʱԶһؼ׵Ķԣһ־ĽͻȻѹ֮ǰĽսԾϰںƷ
ǣһξȻȷƷܲѰ
ߣ
ĸؼ£һƬڰֻһΪش
¡Ҳ˵Ƭʱ䣬ս˻ֻһɲǣƶϾͱʵһԷ糾ΪʸףȻ֮һΪŶ˼
ʸУ
Ϊ£¼ͳĹ͡Է糾ͳԼԢڹ廹ǷǿڣȻʩչķʸУΪ
ʮɣʮɣʮɣ
ͷѸٷֿٳ棬̤£뻮һһ˰㣬ʮɲľ룬Է糾ٶȱﵽ˼µ۷壬Ϣ纣ƺƵɽƺҪضƬһ㡣
ʮɵĶ̶̾룬ܽٶȴ߷£ҲԷ糾ѧģ̵ܹľ뷢ӳɱ£ܹһģ֮١

սݣϯأѸٻΪһ쫷磬ɲǼҳУսԵսȺɫ԰ף׷ȥ
˵ƣ־ȴ˿Ϊ
ߣ
ɵʱĿ·һмߣ漴񶯣־һԣ֮㣬ͻȻ֮伲ȥ

һĻͻܶķһսޱȡսϣ֧ѾʼԳˡ
һɣʮɣ
¡
˫ϴһٴײϵɲǣ벻鷢ˣһɲǣŮɢ㣬ʮΪһ飬ͻȻֳʮ飬ɢ˷

һΣУ˷˶ɵ÷һӶͫһ˲ɫ
и󷨣
ھʦľ¥ԴƵӵǣڸй崫˵Уᵽи󷨡ĸ֡
Ȼûۼ֤˶֪ɢѤõͬŮɢ֮ʱǡǡҲ֣֮ʱ
սϣÿһʩչи󷨡һһµĶ䡣и󷨵ķâ£ÿһָܵһľȻǴ
Դһʩչûֵܹ
˭Ҳû뵽Է糾Ȼʱʩչġи󷨡
仯жʼϲӡףͯޡʯ˶۾Ծսȭͷ͸һ˿Ųѡ
ǲŶʵʵġи󷨡̫ˣ
ϣ
Хս˻˵ľУǰһʱ䲻һ̣˷ʮɢȥͬʱԱȥʱٶȣأʮа㣬ݺݵ뵽־С
䣡
սսײһɲľ죬쳹أ綼·ڲ޴ԲڵĿײñըһƬͬһ㡣
ؼž˷ĿⶼУ룬һɲʱ䶼·ֹ
䣡
УΣ˷ȺΧĽڣȫķһ
˵ĿУԭųеĶ־Ȼ֮仯ɰԲδһȦһȦ飬ÿһ涼סһ
Է糾ҲµʮʸȻԲ˼ķʽ׼ĵֵͱ任ǰֻж̶һʱ䡣
ôܣ
̫˼ˣ
˷һӵȫˡ
и˵֪Уһʩչ󷨣˿ԵֵǶȴˣ֮ǰּûм˵
һǣҪ˵ˣУϲ嶼ͫһ¶صɫ
и󷨲ǲ赲ǿĵطڿ˲ɢһ⧲ķʽܿԷķâɶԷĻҡ
Է־㹻ᶨд㹻ңܹڵʯ任Σ׼赲ʮĴǱԽи󷨵ɱ͵͡
˵ѣһҲֻϿжѡ
Ϊиʹɢ۷иǰֻһ벻ʱ䣬ܹô̵ʱڱ任Σ׼ֵĽ켸֮٣һ
ã
־䣡
ᣡᣡ

һɲǣУһ춯صĻһϵһǣȫΪ־Ȳʡ
ڴ֮ǰǺ׶û˼һѾҪˣסԷ糾иʱѾһԾΪĽ֮һ
ǵʲô󷨣
ȺУ˼У룬ͻȻڵ
˶ڶ־ʱֻа˼·𿴳ʲôһ˫ĿŶ۰󷨡
˼ǳ˽⣬ʩչи󷨣ôܹµģƾӦ䣬и󷨻ΪΣǿиͱˡ
˼һָоĲǶᣬʩչŹŹ󷨡
̫󷨣
忴ǰ³ĸ֣ɫҲ쳣ء
ƺ֪˼ⲢǺףŵ
һ̫֮ǰǿ󷨣ĩʱֹѾʧˣ
ʱǿĶҲԵֿʱĴĥʱ䣬̫ʱµľѪսľֹ⻷󷨶ʧ˲٣˵̫֮ǰĩĹ
ǰĩڣȻΪҵʱȴҲǰٻţ书ս󡢹⻷;ֲʱ̫󷨾ǸʱĶ֮һ
Чذٴνˮ޳Σ󷨵ľܹӦ䣬ӦǸʱκ󷨵ĹЧ¶֣ȥصǱ仯޷
̫󷨱ͺʿͽҪ󼫸ߣܹﵽ־ĸ֮٣޼Ϊԭ̫󷨺ʧˡƻûнʱ򣬾Ѿʧ
˭뵽ս󣬾Ȼʱ֣
̫󷨲һ£Ҫǰգ´ӻûʵ
һ̣ĿһתܿУߣеϢò˵Ĺ
Ҫ̫գ˻̫ʱƾսһбˣ
ϣ
һҵľԶԷ糾Ͷٴν
һֹԷ糾ɫʱ˲٣ʲôƾܹסи󷨣ѾһµľС


1727 ѹ⻷
ͳ죬ˣ
һ࣬һ־ѹ
Է糾ȷʵڵסиʱǱ׼ƷսԳһԷ糾ķӦԶ޷ǵ̫֮ı䷽Ѹٴˣûǻᡣ
ߣȥɣȻѾʩչеı£͵ˣ
ӺصĿ´Ĳ˿顣ս⻹һοڡ
һ䣬ᲢûתУһĹȻϸ΢˲׽ˡ
ȻУ棬һֱϧ𣬺ٳ֣ǴʱȴԶķ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ʼɣ
˫֮УĴ֡
Ҫˣ
˼һԵŮ˵˼ԶϸµĶ࣬˼⼸ǱܵĸоһΣ
ӿʼڣûô֣ոһɲĿ⽻㣬ȻǸȷźš
˵ͷĿû̫Ĳһսϵشʹûκε׼ֻһ̫ǲˡ
ʶģŤͷͬУԷ糾ͬ΢΢˵ͷ
ʼɣ
͸񣬵
̽󣬲Է糾ǶᣬѾ׶Էʵʩչʵʱˡ
£ҲҪˣ
У棬ʯڵ
Է糾Ǹ񣬲ûӹǵ۾
ҿˣ
Ӻݺȭͷɫ
쵰
ӵĿԶϣһɱӿ糱⻷и󷨣ΪԷ糾ѾƾˣƺôӶֱ֮ǡ
ߣͲţ㻹Ӯˣ
к޺޵
Ȼ飬˺ܶϸڶ˽⣬ʮϵشٻ֪һЩ顣
嶼Ӯˣ
Ҳ˼ǣսϣХɱ֧ңţɽޱȡ
¡
·ֻһɲǣֺͣһ̾˵ĿУԷ糾Ͷ֧ڶݵ֮ͣ󣬼ͬʱ
һΣ˼ͬʱ¡¡սڣǾ˵ɽһ㣬˫ƶۻ̶ֻʮɾѾӵ˶㡣
ΧʮڣŤһƬ
𣡡
໣
âһ޴ᣬ޼ͬʱ֧Ϸ
֪֧˭ŻӮ
һ˫˫ĿעУ룬нŲѡ
֧ʵʵ̫ǿˣڣΧսѲ֪ⳡս˽ȥ
ϣ
Ҳ˫໹ֻһٶɵʱУĶ࣬һƥؼ׵ԣȻ漴̤¡
ֻһĽһ̾𺳵ĿУһ֮⻷Ӿ޴ս⻷תĽ˻У籩һ㣬Ѹϯ
˫⻷
Ȼ˫⻷ôܣ
һ󾪺УķͻȻŷĵڶ⻷һ۾ɫޱȡ
˶֪һ˿ս⻷ڲͷ£һֻһʩչͬʱӣͬʱͷŵġ
ر漰⻷Ķ⻷⻷ĵӸϼѣܡ
У֮ǰδ˵ͬʱʩչŴ⻷
ǰĶᣬʵ֮ǿѾ˵Ȼ𾪵ĻԶֹˡ
ϣ
⻷ֵͬʱУ࣬ս·ܵһ㣬͵۾͵𣬷׷״ϵĽȥ
ô£
һĻͻڽʧɫ
һæң׷סս
쿴
һƬУһԵΪ̶һ˲˳ָĿȥӵܡжʱһ·ĩհ龰
ǵ⻷ֵͬʱֻ־Χ˹Ȼȼա
ʮ׸ߣ߿Χû谵ޱȡ

һɫĵ⣬ӵײŷǿֲͬһ㣬˺һһϸѷ죬ڶ
һѷ죬Ҳſľ޿һ㣬·Ҫһп嶼˺Ƭ
ʲô
Уϲֵ࣬ͺһȻɫ
ȻսһսֶĿȾڸֱѧ˽⣬Ƕϱĵڶ⻷ȴδš
Ȼˣǵ⻷ǿȴӹɵġ
ԶԶȥÿ˶ܸоǵ⻷Уֿ̺µĻص
ѹ⻷
ⲻǣƾսıѹ⻷𣿣
ʱһУΧһѾʮҼУ룬𾪡
ʩչս⻷ӡ󣬵ֺ˵ƣžձ죬Լһϸģֲʱѷ죬ȴǰԼүүԪϿŵһģһ
ѹ⻷ԿΪ¼ֲĹ⻷֮һԱѡƻ˺ԷսΪĿģսӵǿҵųԡ
ʮĹƾ豬ѹ⻷Ϊ˴Ƶƾսܾ˾ͬʱҲΪսıѺƻԣ޷ڣԺıѹ⻷ûбѪս֮С
Ǵ󷨣ں֮ʧôҲû뵽Ȼٴο
һǰҲɫأУΧʩչľȻǵġѹ⻷Χ
壡
֡˼Ҳһ塣
˲֪ͬϸģԷʩչǡѹ⻷ǽƾԷ糾⻷ºѵֵס
գ
սϣһܼףϵĴÿһͬû˵ϡ˾ͬʱ־Ѿ۵糸ٳŶԷ糾ȥ
һɵľ룬ڴʱٶµ֧˵ҲֻǼ̵һξ룬ǰҲֻжʱ䡣
Է糾ʱ䲻ˣʱζԷ糾䲻ϣ־ǵأɽѾȫѹԷ糾
˫⻷ļӳ֣ʹö־ٶȣϣ󳬹Է糾
ƵУ룬һ
Ұ֮УٶѾѸСʮɣʱԷ糾ҪܣҲѾˡ
ֻĸ죡
ڣ
Ҫײһɲǣ˭Ҳûע⵽жӹһ˿ľâ
һƴ󣡡
¡
սƺӦԶײǰɲǣԷ糾ͻȻǰ任һȻͬ󷨡


1728 һƴ
¡
һ̣û˷ӦԷ糾֮٣һͷײбѹ⻷ʹ⻷ǿ⻷ӳֵ־С

ʲô
⣬ôܣ

Է糾ײȥͬʱУĶսȺͺ񿴵ʲô˼°㣬һ۾ɫޱȡ
ĶҲ鲻Խսȭͷһľɫ
ܣ
ʱ˿̣𾪵ĪһֱڴϰһƵᣬ̩ɽƾսˡ
ıѹ⻷ȻģⱾĳѧ֮ǿºƥУһԶ̫֮ϡ۷״̬̫󷨣Ҳֵסıѹ⻷
һν䣬֮ɳĬĬš֮ȥսͳ죬Ҫԭ֮һűѹ⻷
ǺҲû˾ȻսУӲӲƵԼıѹ⻷
䣡
У룬˵ĿУ˶ƽŵһĻ
ֻһɫԷ糾ڱŷϢΪһɣΪһн׳ɫı沼µ·ֻһ㽫־һͬ
Ȼ𺳵ĻԶֹ
ǵ޴ɫֵʱ򣬶Ĵ⻷ͱѹ⻷ͬ־ľƣͬͶְ㣬û뵽ǸɫС
⻷û˿ãԷ糾գ׳ơ
ֹˣһϹ⻷־һȦһȦĹ⻷ͺµı㲻ڣÿʧһ⻷Է糾µĹ⻷ǿһ֡
ͺԷ糾նԷĹ⻷һ㣡
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ը˹־㱻һɿµҵıը˴
飡
ҵ˻ͲҽУ־׷׹ڵأǻѪ飬ڵҲһε׷顢ңѾȫɥʧս
⵽ʲô󷨣
һɲǣУɫأѾȫ˵
ݹ۹Ž񣬹ǿǿҲٶȿ쵽£׵һ㣬ת۶ٶȲҲǺδֿնԷĹ⻷ƣԷΪУԼʵ󷨡
󷨣˵Ǽûһִ˵ûС
ںļУҲǵһƵıѹ⻷µ󷨣Ȼһöûзӡ
ⳡ֮ǰûϵġ
һɲǣʶŤͷȺԶꡣ
󷨣һʮСǴѧ󷨣
һݡ̫ڻʵ۵£ѧϰ󷨣ˣҲȫȷԷ糾չ¶󷨾ڡ
ǵӰһΣܵһ׽͸ζ
һֱΪĵӣڿƺԶˡ
¡¡
θ룬һĺǸɫľ޴ѾһɨҶƣ־һɨ
ս˻ֻһգۣԷ糾Ѿһһ޻֮ƣ־䴩սգէϼ֣ʮ⣬Է糾סսɢ䰧־
ʮ⣬תͷԾۼ־Ѿֻ⻹һɲʹ̫󷨣ܹԷ糾âĽ
ܿӣһԼţҵĺÿһ˶ܸоóλ־ͳе𺳡
ܣ
ἱţԶԷ糾жȻһܵŭ
һֳ裬ûѹʽķʽһС
ڳɹˣ
УϱߣվȺ֮УԶɫ԰׵Է糾΢ɲĵ˵ͷһ
һƴ
ĩ֮ʱǿ֮һʮǰľѧ֮Զʮʮ󡢰˻ƾԼڽ֮ϡ
ĩʮ֮УǰսͺսűʵĲ𣬲սʽԣѾȫͬҲΪˣǰս󶼼
һƴ嶼ûɣ˵Է糾ˡģһƴ󣬶һƴĳ汾
һƴԷ糾⻷һ˿صϵ߶һ֣ʵϣĩһƴں⻷Ҳܹһƴĳװ汾̸Է糾ԭ
ˣԷ糾˵ڵʵҪһƴȻŲСѶȺͷա
գվǳɹˡ
սɣ
ԶԷ糾һơȫһƴԹļ󣬲սʤѾ´ˡ
ˣ
ԶغԷ糾һѸٵ򣬳Ŷ۳Ҷ
ⳡսУܶᣬⳡ䣬ͽɹһˡ
ͳУѾͶӵĻףһλƿУԽսԷ糾׼ս¡
ֻҪȫڴУ˭ͳ춼ν
Է糾ٴγ׼սһ־ɫҰײѣⳡսѾ
⻷ͱѹ⻷Էƣֶһ룬ѾǶԷĶˡ
ߣ
˵ʱʱ죬ۿԷ糾׷ʱϲ鷢ˡ
һӣȻ־ͷԶӴܶȥ
䣡
һĻȺһƬȻ˭Ҳû뵽ԶݣĿô˿Ȼ־սӡ

һĻɫ࣬ѿޱȡһͺһıӳϣֱ澡ʧ
ȻԴӵķŭֻм򵥵һ仰
԰ꡣ
ɫƽĿǰ˿ΪӿʼڣѾȫƽ
ߵ𣡡
ԶһĻԷ糾һ漴Цһһսܿȥò˵Լ¸߹˶ԷԭΪԷǸӢۣû뵽ȴ䲻ֻУôܵ
գ˵У֧һǰһУϼ׷
һҵǿǿսȻݱһ׷ս˭û뵽ġ
ЩһҲ̫ûˣȻô䲻𣡡
˼⿴һĻҲ̲סЦ
ʧЦʱͻȻһУ
Щԣ
˼⿪ʼûзӦһ̣ʶ˭˵仰ʱɫ
ôˣ
ЩԾ
Уǰ׷ĶԷ糾һ˫ü
ǡԴ˲ѾӮҲϲ˶á
˼СȻĽǶ˵ⳡսѾûжϣС
Ϊϲ˶ãŸӸоԾ



1729 䣡Է糾Ѫ
ǲʲô𣿡
һԵҲ˵ĶԻ
û˵ֻҡҡͷĿ⻺ɨУ˷˶ڳЦᣬеֲȴԽǿˡ
ⳡսӿʼڣƿ֮УڣԷ糾ʩչһƴܶʱоЩƿˡ
ӦѾˣǸоУֻôôܣҲܲУ󣬻һҪ䣡ע⵽󷽵½ûУ̫ˣԼһҪӡ
忪ڵ
ֺͰ˼ԣһʶŤͷȥ֮ǰ˶Է糾Ͷ֮սûע⵽ʱ򣬵ע⵽󷽻ûϳ½ʱоĲԾˡ
½ʵ̫ˣ
Ǵӵˣ˲μνΪ˳ƿؽᱻ׷õܣʱᱻԷ糾׻ܣ½ϣȴ̩Ȼûһ£ͺսϵ׷Լ޹ذ㣬ֻ߸Ƕʧܵӡ
ע⵽ӺͺǱûУһƻʧܵˣô򶨣

εĽڴ˵ʵ̫Ҫˡ
̣ôľӪڵҲؼʱ򣬴ӾԲԼʧܡ
ἴսܣô򶨣
ʯ䣬ЩͷԺзӶüͻͻֱһθоһĲзӺ½ķӦʵ̫ˡ
һ࣬˼ҲɽĻҲо˲Ծֻһʱ֮䣬ȫ벻Ǳߵﶯֽš
ʱûֺͰ˼⣬Ժڼ˼
ڤڤУ֮ǰ˵һͳսͳսԷ糾֮⣬սʵ̫˳ˡ
ڶͳԷ糾ܹ˶½棬սʤĶֺ󣬳ɹ
ֱԷ糾ֱ׷սͳ֮һλ뱣άϵ¡
£Է糾ս£ȡλãȻ󾲾ȴ˵սȵʱŻ˵ս
ǸʱԷ糾ѾǴͳˣȫڶ½ս֮С
ԣʱ䣡
ڤڤУһͷͻȻӹԺ弸ʶѿڶ
ֺͰ˼һ塣
ʱ˿̣Уı棬嶼ûע⵽ų׷ԽԽ֧ͻȻ¶һ˿Цݡ
ˣ
ͻȻڵһֻԼһǣһ˿˵Ĺâ
ͬʱԶƺӦźԷ糾׷϶ɲǡ
ˣû˿ףԷ糾һſһںѪͬʱɫѸٱò԰ޱȣһѤֺĹ⻷ҲɲǼشѸٱԭ˵Ҳʱңֱӵһ
䣡
˷һĻйսȺɷһɽѰľ
⣬ô£
ͳ쾹Ȼ³˺Ѫ

̫ͻȻˣ˭Ҳû뵽ǰһԷ糾磬ʤһ̣ϢɢңºѪش
ǰķʵ̫˸Ӧʵϣû֪ʲô
ʱ˿̣𾪵ĻΧսȺУе
ˣ
ˣ
Է糾ҡΣΧսʿʧɫһæңÿж𺧺;㵣û֪ոշʲôͳκܲǳ
ûᣡ
ڴʱԭǰһ·ӴܣͼĶͻȻͷһۣûжע⵽ǺĿ£һ˿͵Цݽڶǡ
ڵˣ
Цһһֻ̣ϵһʣԷ糾ºѪ˵ɲǣͻȻֱһӣ˷
ɱ
һȣû˿ԥŲʱѾûбҪȴٲˣ
һϢ΢Է糾ټɢԶѾûʲôвˡ
ֻҪɵԷ糾ôһоͽˡ
ϣ
һԽĳ˻Уʮ־ų򵥵ķʸͣһа㣬Է糾ֱɱȥ
ɣ
һĻУΧ˶̲ס֮ǰսʵʵǳǿ˱ΪҲǸӢϵԷҲΪĿģֶεˡ
ߣظ
ɫ䣬עȫԶĶϣá⡣
ⳡѾؼʱֻҪܹ׵ʮյϾ֮λȫáΣ
һ࣬ҲѾ߷۷塣
ϣ
һлһĻߣʯңεضͬһҫ۵ľһ㣬Է糾̶ȥ㲡ҪֻҪɵԷ糾ⳡͳ׵Ľ
ˣ
˷һ󾪻ŵĴХᡣ
Ȼ˻ûɨҶ㣬׷׺ɨȥ
ֻһգۣѾشһ·ͻԷ糾ǰ
ɣ
ĿһըʱͬȼգԾ˵ٶֱӴԷ糾
һɲǣǹ֪ն·Ҫըˣ˷һսʿǹɿµ˴ɿȥֱΧըһƬ޴Ŀհ׵ش
Դˣ
ΧֺͰ˼վȺУɫˣһж̫ˣԷ糾Ѫɱǹ۷ͻǰӵʱ䶼Է糾ʤܣת᧿Σľء
Է糾ʱ״̬ζǶĶ֡
ʵϣһҲԤϵĲࡣ
䣡
ʯ䣬еĳǹҲֲľҵĻԷ糾ϣֻһ˻Է糾µȳܲסӴ֫һѪֱӹ˵ϣԷ糾ҲѸٵһ顣
Է糾һףһԷ糾ѾᴩҪˣ

˫ǰ̣Ŀ͸һ˿̵ɫԷ糾սѾձĹ򣬼Է糾صһ̣Ҳһˡ
ֻ˵ʱʱ죬ۿԷ糾ܣʱ˶Ԥϲ鷢ˡ
գ
һǣʱ䶼·ֹˣ˵ĿУһֻŸȭ׵ָһץһץס˶᳤ǹǹ⣬ôһץԷ糾ȻֱֹסԼ׹µƣͣ˿С

һĻУܣ˶һ˼ľҲһһҪԷ糾£ʱͻȻԷ糾
Է糾ԭϢңˣһǣͻȻ͵̧ͷгһŵļᶨ;
һܵĸоһжѾˡ


1730 Է糾ʤ
ϣ
Է糾ĵλãһɵģɫ⻷ٴδڱ˲չΧĽ¡⻷𶯣ڶ𺳵ĿУӿһɹͻȻ˷ӿȻͬٴ纣㣬Է糾ڡ
ȥɣ
ʯ䣬õǿļӳ֣Է糾ԭ԰׵ɫͬعⷵհ㣬ͻȻޱȣͬʱָ֮бһɼľ
ã
һҪ֣Ѿˣ
¡
𺳵ĿУԷ糾һѽԲˣݺݵڵϣǿֲҵضһ£Է糾Ҳһ֮ȥݺ˸һƥսϡ

𾪣
ޱȵ𾪣
˭Ҳû뵽һɲǾȻᷢôķתԷ糾ȻӮˣ
ⲻܣ
˫˶ˣû뵽£Ȼˡ
һǣ
䣡
Ȼ˷еĴƽӵܺȨķӦȴʹӲͬĽȺ͵ıһɽѰľⳡԶеľʣھʦصأڻʹׯصĵطΣӦöС˻ʤ
Է糾ʤ飡
ˣӮˣӮˣ
ĻͺȲУеۼԷ糾ԣ˷ޱȡ
ȻԷ糾ֻ΢΢һЦ촽˶ƺ˵ʲôȻǰһڣ˲˹ȥ
еɢȥ֮Է糾ԭɫҲ˲ò԰ޱȣԭҪҰס
ˣ
ˣ

һĻͻеһƬң׷׾˹ȥ
壬ã
Уϲ˼һʶĽһ׼壬һӹȥȻĿһתȴѷݶԷ糾ѪʱѾȺзӹȥˡ
Է糾ĻУһƬңĽȨӵܷ׷ӿ˹ȥڽУϾȻ飬˶û뵽ġ
쵰
ԶӵɫѺڵһĿݺݶԶĶᣬĿɱˣѾˣ
ûõĶվʲôҹ
ҲǱߵķӦԷ糾µʱѴȺԷ糾ԡ
ʮսʿԼСŮΧԣһ鱯ߣرǸСŮﲻͣĽ壬ֱԷ糾һȺȫ޲ߡ
ÿ
ֿȺԷ糾ԡ
Է糾ǳɫɷףؽգ˵ϢҲޣ촽Ѿ˺ɫһɹɺѪڲͣĴֻһ͸ɺˡ
˿ѪٶȣȻԷĶޱȡ
飡
룬һģԷ糾ϣһ̣ĴӿȻסԷ糾ȻҪอͬʱʼڶ⣬ʼԷ糾ڵľ綾
ľ綾
ֻƬ̣Ͳüͷɫء
ɹµһ湦ƴ󣬶ӵǿӴֹնԷĹͬҲԿưٶԷ糾ڵľ綾ѲޱȣǴɹҲԳ⣬ȻѰĶҩ
쵰ЩɵļһȻ¶
ΧһüͷʲôһҧгݣݺݵصԶĶᣬ鱯ޱȡ
ΪΪͳ죬ʲôΪͳ죬ô޳ܣҲ޳ܵȥ˭Ҳû뵽ԷȻ֮ǰԷ糾ļսУѾĨ˾綾֮һֻΪ˵ȴ綾ѣ
ԣûж
ʱͻȻˣһ仰˲˵ע⡣
ϸԷ糾ϵ˿ڣһֵѪ⻹ʺɫģϵѪɫҲܵǵѪȫͬڵĨĶ˿ɫӦøһЩһ
˳˵ĵطȥȻԷ糾ؿ˿ѪҪǵѪҺϺܶࡣ
Է糾ڵĶͶ޹أڶһʼڵġԹʲôҲһ͸˵ڽ֮ǰκʳҪԾ֣ʳʳ𣿡
һְֻԷ糾ؿϣɲͣĳȥ˵ɫҲ𽥱
й¼¼ôǰ֮˭֪Է糾ߵЩʵǻᷢʲô廹صضǵԷ糾˶ԷļıڵĶ֮ҼֱԷ糾ʵȻûзһá
үûУ
ǳԵĶǽڲʳЩ죬ͳһֱǳرǣҪʳ
Щǳסһ𣬺ƽûʲôͬ
Ǻʳйأͳ˳ԵģǶˣΪʲôͳжȴûг£

˵һȺ㿴ңҿ㣬ͻȻ˵ˡ
ͳеڶΪʲôԵһĶû£ƫƫԷ糾ȴо綾Բѣ
Է糾ԣȻҲʶʲôһ˫üͷԽˡ
Է糾еڶӹɵģ˵ҲûеʳжôӦһӦýֻԷ糾
ҡң֪һϲԵ÷֣ҽҲֻ͵ĸ㡣
ʱһųųͻȻӶߴ৵һˣڣȫ˹ȥ
Է糾ԲԶĵطԷ糾ǸֶŮڵϣˮӵĴΧʿǲͺ£
εıǳҪʤˣܳΪͳ죬һֱܺãҴϲԵĶľ͡Щ㣬Щ㡭ѵΪЩ𣿡
˵Ů۵һǲǵġ
ԣɫĳΧһʿҲʱʲôϵڣ˳ԵĶһģֻԷ糾һԼֶŮ͵ĸ㡣
ĺʳйأҲֻܳ͵÷ˡǣԷ糾һֶŮôְܳ
㣬÷Ǵģģģ
Է糾׼ôãȴУԷ糾֪࣬¸Խܡ
ҡϵʱ˵ȥ￴壬ͻȻסңһ÷⣬˵Ǹԡү÷⣬÷Բԣ
˵֣ǽҲĸˡ
СûиĸصˣΪǺ÷о綾ôԶ޷ԭԼ
гȥѾ֮Է糾ͼìܣ˫кܴķ磬֪ġֻǾ嶼û뵽Ϊ˼棬һȻ顣
Է糾۰һ㣬ԳЩ綾÷⡣


1731 ⶾ
Լҵļ𣿡
ʵ
ûУ
һԼҵļˣǲ֪ܲ
û˵һѾˣʣһѾͶ˴ӣԷ糾ǵ롣
ڼǰ˵ĵʧ޹ؽҪǴͲ֮
ȱ𼱣ڲ۹𻨸ʱ򣬶취ôԷ糾
忪ڵУ޹Ŀ¾ˣҲʱ
үôо𣿡
һ
ү㣬һҪȾ壡
һԵҲڵأˮ
û˵Ժм˼ԷõĶǳ죬ϳ÷⵽ڲŷⱾѾţ˵ĴɹȻ޷ԷĶԣȻѾʱס࣬ͣû˿ļ
취һ㣬Է糾һԷ糾ϢԽԽ΢ٲ뵽취ֲ˶á
ֻǸûЧˣ
ʯ䣬Ժһͷܿ죬幵ͨԺе֮ʯ
֮ʯһѪ
һ̣âһԺѸ֮ʯ
һɹ
һ䣬һɰ˳Ѹٹ뵽Է糾ڡ
û׹ô£һ̣Է糾ںһһɹɺɫĻҽëбŷһѸٵɢ
֮ʯѪԷ糾ϢȻȶֻ࣬ҪڵĶԣԶô򵥡Է糾еĶǼѪҺ֮У־綾Ѿ뵽񾭣Լÿһϸڲô֮ʯĻѪȷʵ󻺽Է糾ϵĶԡ
һУû˿ԥһѸٴӻȡһɫСУ򿪺ӣһöӵСİɫҩ˱ǣԾ
ת󻹵
嵱ʼ书ʱָͨţЩʹʦ˴ĵҩȻڳΪү书Ǵﵽ΢Щʹʦ֮仹Ǳϵ
öת󻹵һʦõġ
һöת󻹵㻨ĻƽȻûдﵽˣ׹ǵĵزǶڵԷ糾˵ȴӵмЧ
ҩڼԷ糾̷öҩ֮˵ɫࡣ

֪˶ãһ³Է糾תȻϢ΢ϵѾȶ
壬ҶԲ㣡
һԣԷ糾ת۵Ĵһ͵ϣӵĿ
Сû£鲻㣡
Է糾ο
Ȼо˺ܳʱ䣬Ҳ֪ʱ䷢ʲôǿһ滨ԼΧķӦԷ糾᲻׷ʲô¡
۹İΣվֲ棬뵽Է糾ʱȥ
Դˣû°ɣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ʱһյĽŲһ߲ͣȻ˶
֪ΪʲôжһֹŹֵĸоͺЫһ£˲ɴһ䡣

ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬ȺֿһĿ𺣬ݵ̫࣬ƽ£س˵ķ
̫࿴òˣ˵ĸоҲѰһ㣬ǵһ·߹ʱΧȺȴһ£׷ײȥ
رǱĿһɨʬɽѪ־ᶨʿʶƲĿ⣬ȥ

ƽ̫࣬Ŀһ䣬˳
ʲôͶܹ֮ƾһɫסˣҲֻдĪˡ
ӼˣǴӼԴ˵ģ
߹ǿһۣ漴Ŀһתܿ䵽Է糾ϡ
벻Ȼ˸ҶԴֱ֣죡Դˣģ£Σһ᳹ϲ飡˭ڸŽ䣬һϳͲֱӴ
˫£У
ⷬһԵСһףļ˸ӳ£ԼҲ£ɡ
鷳£Է糾û£ֻǲСĲѣ£
Է糾ʱۣ¶һ˿ѵЦݣ
𣿡
΢΢üȴûм׷ʣֻǵȻһЦ
ȻˣԴ˾ͺúϢӼҲȥ㱨ˡ
˵ָֻ֮ⷬǸŰ壬ӡת˫£кܿ뿪ˡ
忴ıӰʼնû˵
ɲģûС
忴ȥķ򣬵
ǵģǿЩʧˣ
Է糾
ֻһЦܿת
û㻹ֵܼס𣿡
ò˵ոԷ糾ıȷʵЩȡ
ȻһƴԳȡ֮˵£Է糾ܹѸٵӦ䣬ס˶һϣⱾѾһƴ޹ˣԷ糾˵ͻķӦ
ţ
Է糾˵ͷڵǳٽһս
Ѿսʤ˶ᣬԷ糾һʼִеĲѾɹĽСԷ糾Ѿֻ̭ʣһ½ѡ
ھͿս˭ˣ
ԴԴϵĴ֧£Է糾ڻָһЩԪ˵Ĳ£Զڵȴϳս½
ʱ仺ȥԷ糾ѣܵȺѾ
һԷ糾ʤ½׼ϳ
Уϣ˾̫ܿ
㳡ٴαýĿ׷׼е½ϡ
գ
һ˵ĿУ½ںĿУزǰʱ䣬У㾲Է糾ǿžʹڸߴϵ½棬Ŀء
Уֻʣ»ס¡׺ݺԷ糾ս
׺ѾͶ˴ӣ׺ѾˣµأԷ糾ȻսʤӵһսͳĻᣬѾûʣ¶ս
½ĽǶȣȻķʽ̭˵Է糾Ȼ˳ƻ£һٳΪĴͳ졣
һǱȻ޷ȫĽ֮ĽѾƿء
ڵʵսʤ½棬Ϊ֮ƾƴȫ޶ȵ½ߵ־Ϊ´ͳᡣ
Է糾а
µǳǱϾλߵͳ֮һ˵Ҳһս֮
Լܹ½;ģǱ߾кܴĸܹ½棬ֹӵı

ЩͷԺзӶԷ糾һվʵģһƴƾս󣬴Ｓȡӵһ֮ġ


1732 ת׺ݵѡ
Է糾Ÿոһ̣һֻƣ޳ļϡ
ڵܼ𣿡
ӶԴȻԱһģԷ糾ڵ״ǳֹۣһս״̬
ģһԼ֣˹֮սôҵĵطҶһˣѵֽĵطֲ𣿡
Է糾ҡҡͷĿǰ͸һּᶨ
Զ½ѾߵУ룬ʼ
½棬ҪսĶ𣿡
ӿХɻ̫࣬ԶԶ½
УһƬž˷˵Ŀⶼе½ϣȴŻش
ʱ仺ȥ½ڿ£飬ֻһ˫ɨУĻס׺ݡ£еϥŵԷ糾
½ƶĿ⣬У˵Ĳɸһŵ˼㣬׷׵ȴ½ľ
֪˶ã½촽΢΢⶯ڿڣ
һս
һ£
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬½濪׼³ԼһֶʱͻȻ֮䣬һбɲǴĻ
ǵޱȣ˲Ϣ䣬˵עǵ˹ȥ
ֻУ棬һɫ׵ӣϣһƥϣͻȻһͷ̤У롣
׺ݣ
ǵӰ˶ɫһдΪ㵡
һ½սλͳ죬˭Ҳû뵽׺ݾȻʱ߳
⡭״ͳʲô
УΧһ
忴ǵӰüͻͻֱǱܵģоⳡƺʲôƫ
״ͳ죬ǸʲôձĹ򣬻صԭλãһΪͳֻɶԷѡǷΪսߣ
ʱ˾̫ǰ
ǣ𣿡
Х׺޷˿趯׺ƥë˰ѩϣƳ̫һ
һɲǣĿ絶
ûмǴĻĽУһٱἰĹء
һλͳսУ˵ʵƷԣԼûдﵽսͳʸԷսǶԴͳ裬սԷ̭
ˣ
׺ݵĻȺ۷׷ףһƬȻ
ͳʲô
ô֪лأ
´ͳˣѵͳ죬ս½棬һ̭

׺ݺ¶ǽĴͳ죬µ״̬ԱȰ׺ݲö࣬׺ս½棬ôȷʵֹӣ½Ҫͳռһϯ֮أʾͻ֮
ҲУΧŰ׺ݵĳ֣һȷʵ˲ͳ˾޴ı仯
ȷʵأǴͳȨޣ
Ƭ֮󣬽̫ȷĻشٴУ𣬽Ⱥۺһ߳һ̵İ׺˲ΪȫĽ㣬û֪ʲô
һֱսͳ˧Է糾
Хսգ˵ĿУ׺ɫĿɨУһ˭Ҳ벻Ӱϡ
䣡
׺³Ǹ֣Ǽ䣬·һž޴ʯ׹УΧʱɲ˶׺ݾˡ
Է糾ȻͳԷ糾ôܣ
۾ĿɿڴȫԼĶ䡣
Է糾Ѿˣ԰׺ݵʵҪսһ˵Է糾ȫ׾٣ǣǵλ磬߸ϵĴͳ찡
дʮţΪʲôȥս½棬ȴȥսһ˵Է糾
һǣԺһƬհףȫһת״̬
ͻȻ
̫ͻȻˣ
˭Ҳû뵽ĽȻ
ͳ죡
ȺУԷ糾ɫİ׺ݣһ˲䣬ֽȭȭͷ΢΢
Զɫһ仰˵ǲԶĻ˼·뵽ʲô¶һ˿ģЦݡ
磡
ʱ˿̣𾪵ģĪߵİ׼С˼⡣һǣ·ʲôɫɷףǰĴ׺ݣһ仰˵
ǰҲɫѿޱȡ
һ֣½ս£ȴǰ׺սԷ糾
е˭Ҳϲת
ž
ޱȵļž
ʼɣ
׺ݱģ˿ٴ˶Է糾һһۣȻ󻺻վսȥ
ÿһ̤жޱȣڰ׺ݳ֮ǰƴȫ˵ʤ㣬´ͳʤֹӡ
ôڣһѾΪС
ûֹܹ½棬µλã
Ǵӵɱﵣ
廹£뵽ѾͶ˴ӣΨû뵽ͬϮİ׺ݣҲͶ˴ӡ
ʼ
Уϣ̫Է糾Ͱ׺ݵУʼ
һûĽƬ֮ϣ˻УһҽУ׺һǹԷ糾޴ͬʯҷɳȥݺݵ赽˵ϡ
¡¡Է糾䵽ϵɲǣУ·ڲ
Է糾ͬû˿ķ֮׺Ĳȫ䴩ķѣ
սʱʮûУ
УѻȸûһĻһ仰˵
ģģԲġ
ʱ˿̣ݼģĪԵİ˼⡣ʹȭͷУǵߴģϤİӰ˶ڲ
С㣬ھͻȥ
ʱһӵԱߴ˼ԣһŰ׼ұ־Ѿߵͷ֪ʲôʱԣѹ
ͣƺΨֱ
ΪʲôһȥΪʲôһȥܵģܻô磡硭
˼͵̧ͷųеĴ
Զİ׺ȴδţȫû˼⣬ûпһۡ
˼ͷѾߵķӦѾ˵˺ܶ⣬һоһıѡ
Ҳȥ磬һҪҴ
ͻȻ˼һҧһΣҪУ룬ȥԼĴ׺ݣܾôȥ
˼⣡
ʱһֻƴһѰס˰˼⣬ֻдȶð˼һѨһ㣬벽á
ȥɣϵ̫漰̫˺ˣ㻹ǲҪˡңȺǻȥ֮һаţ
ƽ
Ŀ⻺ɨ׼ҵӪĿ£а׼˷׷һĵͷȻûһ˸ҿĿ⡣
ף°׼ҵ˶֪ΨһڹΨа˼ѡ


1733 ҹ磡
ѾͰ˼޹ˣپȥֻԼУԽԽ
壬ǰ׼ҾˣģҶһһ
˼һۿͨ죬ͻȻڵ
˵仰ûͣͻȻֿȺʧУ
гһ֪̾԰˼ҪǿԸ񣬿ºܳʱ䶼Խܣܿ죬һУϣԷ糾ķȥ
þ̽Է糾ƺأȴûеĵزǰ׺Ҳҵô˵棬ڻɱһͳ졣
״ͳ죡
У룬Ͱ׺ݲʱͻȻͣ˽ŲŤͷһνϵİ׺ݡ
ϵǵӰɫӺĽͳγԱȣǽеԷ糾ڰ׺ݵǰҲԵùڡɣܶʮ˾ϴͳλãƿҲһˡ
ֻϧĴվûܼԼǰͶ˴ӡ
л˵
׺ݲ壬۾ûпһƽϿκα顣
ǣ
ԣֻһЦ
ͳһ׾ɲصðû⣬´ͳҲ͵Ϯİɣ
ˣ
׺һʼƽ仰ͫ׶һ˲ɫ
Ҳֻһ˲׺ݾͻָΪǻþ
Ҹ֪˵ʲôͳҲзŭΣһģ
׺ݵ
ǣֻ˵״ͳ׿Խ츳ˣȴ벻ϷҲһѺ֣ǿϧˣ
ֻǼһЦ漴һ˦Ͱ׺ݲǰԷ糾ȥ
ڲɲǣû˿˲ޱȡ
ڶսͳ׺ݻʤԷ糾ܣʧȥսʸ񣡡
ͬһʱ䣬У̫ټУȴǾĵģѻȸΧ۵Ⱥ˻һƬ塣
԰׺ݵΪҪսʤһˣѾûսԷ糾ֱ׾٣ֻսʤˣҲʤ֮䡣ڳӢĴ˵˲ݡ
ֻǲηӦϵİ׺ɫɫ糣˵ָ⡣գ׺һܿ뿪У롣
е
Զֻ̫ѾûȥЩˡȺҵԷ糾
Է糾ȻأȴûеԵĵز
Բʧˣ
壬Է糾ȻһЦ͸һ˿κɫ
ⲻѰսҲͨʧܣһս֮ͳ죬ʮ֮󣬼Ҫȫӵƿ֮С
ڵõĶ
ѾˣͽҰɣ
Է糾ļ򣬰ο
սԷ糾Ѿ㾡ȫĽѾ޹ˣҲܹı˵ġΪԵĶ֣Զֹսϵİ׺ݡ
ͳ뿪ɣһڣ޷ˣú
忴һܵʿ
ǣ
ʿӦ̧ܿԷ糾Уȥ
սѾսѾ޹ˡ
䣡
ҲԷ糾뿪ͬʱԶУ룬һ춯صľ죬ͬһʱ䣬ߴ̫Ϥ
һ֣½ʤ
˵Ĵͳ£վǲ۷״̬־ͳ½档վתͷԶŸͷ緢½棬û˿
ⳡ䣬Ĳս֮ڣս֮⣡
ĿɨУû½ͣս棬ɫǴĴӣԣǸһ£òˡĺͷ
ͬʱͷҲŤͷȺе塣
ңţ˭Ҳûпڡ
ϳȻǶᡢԷ糾׺ݣⳡ˲Ķ֣
ˣ
һɰľӿԺһµܣڳ䶨
һж֮ǰİһޡ
Щսֻ˿ʼͿ˽֣
𣿡
Զĺ˿Ϊһ˫ȴñ䡣һ֣ԶԶ͹˶ֵıɺ޳ܣֻǣΪܴǾܡ
һӮˣǵıԶûн˭Ц˭Цã
˵仰һûжֿȺֱ뿪УԶ漴ȻһЦҲתԶȥ
£Ȼȥˣ
δ䣬ʧȺ֮С

־ͳ½սʤ£ϴͳλãʮͳλõһѸٴ˾ʦ
׺һ̣Ҳؼʱ³ʹͳȨ̭Է糾飬Ҳ֮еҴ塣
Դ˵עǸͬһӡ
ʱ仺ȥҹƻͨһƬ֡
ｻײڶ
ãôǱ˵һ죬ʮ䵽˱С
Ʊͨ죬˷ܲѡ
ϲ£ϲ£
˷˷׷׸ӦⷬӶУɵһ󿪻Ц
Ȼûп㣬һӹΰ㣡
תһһ˷ܵ
ˣ
һ࣬һ˿ûΪӵĹάκεĲ
еĲ豭ԲƣѸһ
׺ݴͳ
ʱһֳֳꪣҴҵ˽ھŰζȵ᳤߰׵ĵطϥ¡
ãǵĴ󹦳ˣ
仰һ
ͬһʱ䣬УԭڻףҲ׷ͣͬһ˲һƬž
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һϵ⣬һײĽŲԶ洫˵ĿУ׺ȫңһףֱͦѸٳ˴Ŵ
ɫĿͶ䣬ȻȻ¶һɰơ
ǴڴĻף֮Ҳ硣
μ£
׺Ŀ磬ڴɨһȦѸϷϣȻѸǰϥ¡ϵڴڻصȻޱȡ
ڰ׺ݵһ佫ܳĶʣǿʵ׿Խ츳ǿұСǷʱƣںʱȷѡ
۴һ濴ⶼǴϲĲѡ
ˣɣ
ӷ¾Ʊǰ˫ֲ˰׺ݡ
׺ݣȻûп㣬һƿؽӹΰҪʱıƻԷ糾̭ȥα»ֲٵı仯
ģֻҪǸλãһٲ㣬׼ҵĺô
ӳ
л£
׺æٴһ
ֹǰ׺ݣǣֻҪԸԳʱǾĴ֮һνǣ
Уӵ߿ޱȣȻǳ˷ܣ
й֮ǰӦĶҲʳԣ
ⷬ
л£
˷׷վ񣬾һԵĹҲһ˿ɫ΢΢˵ͷ­
ãڣγ²ɣ
һĻĴǣɫԽĺ
׺ݣ㱾һݣ


1734 䣡
ʱ仺ȥⳡӻƳϣһֱҹʱ֣ɢȥֻʣ˴Լˡ
ˣ
գһ۾˫鰴˹һ̣һڵͷðľҲ˲ų⡣ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬۾Ŀ壬ﻹһ⡣
ʱˣ𣿡
ɫһͻȻ˲٣ͻȻڵ
ص£Ѿƫʱȴټ
һԣ
ɣ

ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬˵ĿУƫĴŴ򿪣һݵӰƽ£Ӷ˹
ūμӣ
ߵ˹һȴһ̫ࡣ
ʳ֮ڣŮ̫಻֪̫òˣжע⡣
ɣ㣬ʥΣ
Ӻһ䣬ڶʱһƬţţҲ֪ý
˵Ŀ⣬ʱȫе̫ϣ˭Ҳû˵
κγ̽ӽǽɣһ֣ҲǴӺͺȵܿˣټ˵ԭ
ص£µֹۣҺǰȣ¸ˡüŮ̫ʳеĲƷûжŷ࣬Ҳֻһ㡣ƺǰȸˡ
ǽ̫ѹ
ܺã
ӵ˵ͷ
ȥɣҴ׵ϣκε©
ūף
̫๪һ񣬺ܿ뿪ˡ
£ϵشҪ˴𣿡
̫뿪ķͻȻڵ
ˣѾ˶ˣ
Ӱ˰֣
һ½ȥ㴫û׼֣ر̫ûбκ˶ÿ
£ǵġ
һʲô
һ򣬾һѾʱ򣬱κε
ӳ
ǣ
һ񣬺ܿ뿪
ȵ뿪Ӹ˫֣תԱһµĹ
ǻʲô𣿡
ƺͰѽ㣬еı߷ӣҲϣһоͿˣ
·ģգ±ȻܵóԸˣ

ˣ
ӳ
ںܿ찲Ҳ뿪ˣ֮Уֻʣ˴һˡ
֪˶ãӿһңܿڲ޹֮У̫ӱĵطһǽһһ̣һڴӵǰʱһһͨͨ
ͨһƬڣȴ˽ȥ·̤һ̨ףȻխС̨һֱȥ
䣡
һ죬ͨܿرգͨĵ£ȴһͨĹ͸ɫ糣ȻѾܶˡ
һ·˳̨ߵصףǰһխСңҼªһһ׼ʯ̨⣬
ܼªʯ̨Ϸȴһ˶ҹɢĹ⻪ҲΨһĹԴ
ҹ貺ҫ۵ģȴʯ̨һһһ߰볤Ľϻӡ
Ӹո̨ף֮У·ȥ˻һ㣬ʯ̨ǸصĽϻӡ
ǽϻӱ沼ƣȻǷƷ
ž
ǹʹģߵʯ̨ǰĴ˽ϻӵĸӣһ̽ҫۣһĽɫ۵С
ɫϣҫҫڣɽ޺ƣ˵ģһֻӵ̽צ
ֻצƬܲ𶯵ģֻצϵצ
צΨצ
һΨӲܴۣ
ϴŵ۹оƷճʱ򴩵ǳΨϳʱ򴩵ǾƷۡ
ֽ˿ܹһʥʵϣһʥʵ޹Уͬװϻ֮Уʵǿءһ֯Уֱ֯ܣԱʱ֮衣
Ӳ֮еۣǡǡֵ֯еǼʵϣϻϣҲֵ֯ıǡ
ǰۣбòŸǼ
۱֮Ѿһʱˣܣףͯ͹Ƕ֪
ÿһΣ԰ǿҵʱһ˵ִһδΰֵĸۡ
ϻǼҫĽ˿ϸۣܵ˿˿͸¶ĻԼؼϵȨζӵҲ
һ죬һ죬һĴۣһ̫Զ
ʮ֣һǣɫҲ಻סеҰĺ͵һץס˽ϻڵۣȻ͵һץ˳ϡ
¡
Ҳ֪ڵҴ۵ɲǣʦϿգһ޴ҹ֮жȻһӶʹԶĺڰȥ
ͬʱͺܵĳǿҵĳһƵ˲Ϣ䡣
ˣ
ƻʹڵĵطҡض
ô£׷ʲô
̨ϣ߰ھ۾Ĺ۲ͻȻ֮ܵΧı仯ʱһƬҡ
ڵĹ̨һ޴Уɵ֧֮⣬ǳϣԽɵʷޱȡ
ڣû˿ף޴ģбͻȻ֮ҵĶԵλãһʯϵĴ䡣
ȻһлֻǿʼеĵشžһϸѺһ㣬ݹһڶԵĵط֮һгܲסױ
⵽ô£ʹڣ̨ĵطǾ̫ʱܳʮʦһ̽Ľشޱȣôᷢ飿
ɫ䣬ޱȡܷĵطڵλˣⱾΪ˳õĹ۲ǰһѾ޷óȥȣȻһлԶûн
쿴
ʱһ󾪺𣬱ѵϣһͻȻ̧ͷϿգ𺧡
һȺ˳˵Ŀȥһ˻һ仰˵
ⲻܣ
һɲǣеĹʦԺжӹͬͷǲš
ͷԭγͻȻһƬѾȫ۲ⲻˡ

ͬʱʹ£һ¼УһͷҰף縯ľһ㣬һ
ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ܵǽϣķ۳ʯ׷
һԭƽĺͻȻ
ǣ
һȻ̧ͷͬʱָͬٿһ㣬ʹĲȻ߲Ÿոָһ̣ࣣڤڤоͺһεȻ׼£ָѸٲǾ޴ұ۶ҵĲ˼¡
ֶգ˫仯֮ף
ɽѪʶ³⼸֣˲Ϣɫˡ


1735 춯һ
޶գ޶ÿ󣬾ʱ򣬱޷ҪȵǾָ֣ܻ
ԣôףףǴ֮ף
ɽɫˡ

ž
ͬһʱ䣬ʦ֮Уҹ֮󣬲ٰ֪Ϣѧϰ׾֮žһԼеǩ
ʰһ磬Ŵ򿪣뿪
һ˫ĿͻȻվľ
һҹעƽ

ͬʱʹϣ಻ԶУƻͨһ̴ľǰ鿴ŴƵĵͼüͷ壬ɫޱȡ
Է糾սܣʮУѾüΪ֪¾㱸ֻǷ磬Լеǳ֮ҿʱᵽ

ͻȻ֮䣬û˿ףһϿշӶϿգͻȻ춯
ǡ
һеһöɫС죬ʶ̧ͷһ̣ƺǸܵʲôתĲ˴
⣬ХҹɫʱѾҹӦؼžҹɫ֮УȴԶԶĹ͡
һҼҵƻ׷İնⲻĹ;ѡ
ѹֺͲա
̧ͷֻǿհܲƺ֮ƽӵĺڳ
һɲǣоʲô
ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬һ֮ʯͻȻԺ
棬¼֮ҽ뵽׶Σʼʱ벻ƴֹۣⳡңʥ۳һ㡣¼֮ǣƻƻʧܣĨɱ
ڿʼֻյ׼ʱ䣬ʱʼ

Х⣬һڷ衣
ڿʼˣ
̧ͷźڳգаҹɫʲôҲȴӿļ
һ·߹һ𾣼һδεΣڵ۹Ҫת۵㡣
ʷ򲻿赲㾡ȫⳡƵ۹Ķﰵƶ£ӦóֵĵطǧڣҡⳡĿ˴ڲǽ֮ңվǵˣ
ֻǺ͵ǸͰԼͬԼѾӵ˸ıһУһʵ
ǴӣֻǺֻЩĪĺˣһԼǵóѡ
ȸ
帺ֶŴţͻȻڵ
һƬžƬ֮󣬺ܿһӰӺڰ˳
ڣ
׼ټ
ƽƽ߲ͣȴ͸һĪȸһ𣬵ǻشʱȴû˿ԥ

δ䣬ȸѾ¡ҲƬ֮󣬻Ÿգɢҹ
ƽֲƽҹûж֪۹˶֮ı䣬תһעңȴɴȵķ

ǳת۱һҹȥ
𣬶˵ͨͨƽƽһ죬û֪۹Ѿú֮ǰȻͬ
ңԶıͥ
Хľǰй¼ﻹһ˿ϣǶͥ˵ӰԶûôԶ
˼˳Ǳͥĵһδ󶼻ҲһΣҪԺ˹ɵı˵к˶ѾϰԴƾʦܳ͢˭ĺ˽ʿ˵̫
ˣΪʲôÿ춼ᵽϱߣ
ɫıͥƮ裬ĲľУһۺ˵
Ϊڵˣ
ľ֮УһЩ˲ͬ͸һ˿˵Ŀ
ʲôˣ
ʱˣˣ
Ǻ˿ٴε

һ紵Ĳľֿ¶һӰ˴ʮ꣬һ̶Ũܣͬһ㡣
˵ģ˫ͭһڵŨüһֹҰĵĸо
˵κĿȻǸˣֻϣźŨҵĺʡ
̽
˼˳Ѻ뾩֮λһ󶼻λõ˳ӹλãΪһεıͥ󶼻
ڱͥͰͰ󶼻ث֮Ҳйһ¹ٹͣǵ͵ս֮ں˽֮УҲǺеľͨܹͬʱԦ˽Ķ佫
ںܶ೯˵ģ»һݣĸ
ڶıͷŽ֮У̽Ͷӵ佫ŴʮǰʼȥʱĻ
ȹһҲ˹ϵʥʶĬˡ
˵ʱһƿͻȻӿдΧĺ佫ûзӦȴһ̧ͷ
һ̣ͼһֻ๵Ÿ룬ų򣬴ϲճӶ
һ죬סֻŸ룬ĿɨŸöɫνŻ͵һ¡
ৣ
Ÿȡ°ȣָϸĽɫԲͲȡż㣬ֻ̯ǿһۣ˵ʱýȻͬ
ڵȵһˣ
ż㣬һЦݺеż㣬ɫͨ죬˷ޱȡ
ᣡ
һ̣ս¡¡غĽ߳Ӫᣬһ󼱴ٵ쳹ԭһǿҵսա

ͬһʱ䣬ңԶ

һֻֻŸԽؿռ䣬ԺյıСȻս𣬵ϵĳǳɺΰ̡
ˣӵţ
һľɲӹŸ룬ż㣬ܿ˹ȥ
ˣ
Ǹ߸ߵĳ¥ϣХ͵͵ĺţһУվڳ¥ˣ仰̧ͷһѽӹǷż㡣
ǺǺǡ
һ͵͵ЦϢӿһǿͬ㣬ϱ
ôʱ䣬ڵȵһˣ
һɲǣ춸̧ͷңԶĶʦڵķһɲǣбŷһĺâ
ƾԼǿʵԼһʵɲѾɹ֧Ϊʵĵ۹
ֺӣһϾ֮λϣҲֺܶҵŵԣ塭һΣһҪʬΣ
飡
һһ̣еżƬͬѩ㣬ָз׷Ʈ
أ
ֻƬ֮һĺŽأһƬսա



1736 춯
ͬʱңԶİڸ֥ⳣ屻뾩ʦֱһ·ǲگ֮İѾɹƿءȻ˹֮սھżɥʧձټϱԼƸص֧֣ۼ˴ľӵв׵ʵ
ʱˣȴʱ׼ж
ҹɫУյϢУӰѸ´һ漴¡̳صĴѸټᡣ
ͬһ֮ڣͥҪصأͬʱ춯
ɽ¥ݴأս֡

ӵһֻֻŸףͥȸ󶼻ʱͬʱƵ˹ظԭϣ֮ƣ̫Զ˹ظԭȱϣ죬ȴһƬ͵ļ
𣡡


һʱı쳹ԭŷƮȥԶ
벽Զĵطһľ죬һž޴ĳڸƶСϣųһֱߡ
𶯣һ㣬ھ޴ĺУаģ޴һըķѡ
ݣ
಻Զһط飬ڲԭϼٱۡʱ߸ʱͷԳ㴩սϱ任λá
ֹˣսʱ飬Լ׷ױ任ͣʱʱɢΪԭһ赲ĸǰһֱʧ޾Զ
ȱڵǳأϸʣڣ˺ԶĿ
ڳǳصǰ棬ӰŸߴսһӰߴ࣬ļͷ·һ˰㣬ֻһ͸һּѹ
ԵǵӰɫɫ΢΢Щ԰ףȻĿǰȴͭޱȡ
ȱӵȶʵģȻͳ˧ҵպɽ
ʱ䣬ŬľӪȱ¶һǰδУζһж벻ҵպɽ˵Ŭ
ֹˣѵͬʱҲûзǰȣ˵ϢԽǿ
İˡ
պɽԶһصģӽҵĳͣĻӡİʿͻȻڵ
˹֮սʱү֧İӻֻǳΣôõʱ䣬˲ϵƺͲ֧İ¶սϴݿ࣬вκαֵĿɲ
رǸ֥֮ҵҽЩİӳԱɹʹİӵĹģԽӴϵҲԽơ
ײЩ½ӣ
պɽǰ
ȻײаɱЩľţȻսÿ˶˼ӡ
պɽ˵ҵµİӣܹײµЩǿţѾǼߵˡ
һжүĹͣ
ҵպɽˡպɽһƽ
үķİӸֳİǰǱߴϢʳƺҪǣȫʧˣǶĵնۣȲүİԣʵүһִİӣֻǰү˼ִаˡ
˵仰˶ƺʲôɫ˳õĳĬ
ҵպɽʵǼ֮߰˵ϻһͬʱ۷óϷģҲֻˡ
ϳ̫漣Ͳ˼飬Щ佫ʨӳǣԼȱڵĸ֮ǣһĳƷԼİӸֶصı֡ȫˢ˵֪ƺȻһֶܰеĲܻΪܡ
ƺϣûʲôס

ڳ˼ʱͻȻһմ˵˼һ̧ͷֻһֻ޴Ÿ룬Ծ˵ٶȣ˵ķ
Ǻүţ
ֻǿһۣһع֮ǰȻͬ
ৣ
һԣպɽһУסֻŸ롣
ǺǣүǱ߰಻סվǶˣ
պɽż㣬ȻһЦֽһԵҵ
治ү
ҵӹż
һ㣬Һ뷨ȫһ¡
պɽȴ͸һɱζ
ȥ׼ϣǳˣ
һ£ԭս¡¡ıۼԭնʱȻ޴棡
ͬһʱ䣬ӵԶֹպɽҵ
ϲһƫƧ᫵ɽ·ϣһɫӧ佫ۣ¡¡ǧ
Щһ׳۵ʱˣһ۵糸ɽƣޱȣκ˶ܵһǿѹ
أ
ɽ֮УԶԶģֻҰƺܵʲôһӲݴݳ֮ززڴˣ֧һǳȣΪ֧
죡үҹо֮ڣ˶Ҫִﾩʦ
Ϊ׵İɫӧ佫ȻµĹǡ
¡¡𶯣ֻ̳Ƭ̵ʱ֧֮ʱʧ١
ݴأս¡¡Ŀ⿴ĵط֪жٱ׼֪жٱҹۣѾǰʦ·ϡ
ƣ췭ظһϦ֮䡣
ңԶľʦΪ籩ģոǽޱȣֻаնԴ˻һ֪һ㣬֮С
ȻŹֵǣһϵа֮󣬲Ǵӻ壬˫ûƺһĺƽڡ
ͶϿգϳûӴӥȸȴԤһвǱǰƽѡ
ʦĸҴǣҲİиоʲôһ׷״ŽգĬĬţ˭Ҳ뱻ⳡ籩С
ʵϣڽ֮Ҵͷ׷ĸоʲô

Ÿ벻ϵķС
үķԸһֱڼӱͥͰ󶼻ոɽ鴫Ϣͬʱ춯ƺټ֮У
鷿֮Уǹɫص
й¼֮¾д̽ӱɵͥͱЩαװɺ̰գʱǱߵĶκһ쳣ٶȴʦ
ôʱ䣬µ̽γһ׶صķŸ롢սԼźţܼٲ֮ЧĴϢ
⣬ոսӵϢӵѾӹ˾ʦľš
Ƕ˶٣ŵ


1737 ɽ¥
û˵ֻı۾
ʦź֮˵ǻʹţǾʦľţţ˾ʦĳ뽻ͨšڴӵĿ֮С
ڿʼ𣿡
а
֮ǰӽ壬ţְȨΧ֮ڣҲ̫˵ע⣬ôӻЩ˼ɣ֡
Ͼÿսְ̼գˮԼעĿ̫Σд󳼵ķ͵ȻڵĴӿѾȫЩˣҲȫû˹˼ɡ
Ҫǣ˵ȫŵһ𣬾ζѾȫѹֲסԼҰģ׼ʼı֮٣
ʲô𣿡
ʵ
ʱûСǱ߿֮󣬾ʱûĶ糿ѾټǷ˾죬Ѿȫ⡭
˵ԥһ£ŵ
ոյϢǱԷ糾ˣ쵼ΪɣʱͳְλΪݴ
ĬԺд˷
Է糾ԼĹϵӲˣ쵼õɡ
ڳǷ˾ͳǳеҪȻսǿƽҪά־ʦе򡣵ڱϣһ֧ӣؼʱһЩãԴӵԸ񣬲ǲ
֪ˡ
ã۾ڵ
ȥɡ
ǣ
ǹһ񣬺ܿ뿪
뿪֮󲻾ãҲվһ󺮷Ӵӿ룬Ťͷ͸򿪵ĴӣֻʦƵʹһּѹȵĸо
ɽ¥ȻһƬƽ廹ǴӣֻҴ壬˶֪һг̫ˡ
Ҳóȥˣ
а
Ƭ֮򿪴ţܿ˳ȥ
ү
뿪˷һѸپۼ
Ƕȥɣһߡ
˰֣˵仰һʧ֮С
һƬƽ˳ŽֵǰߣһˡС˴ԲЦݣСĶŪеֽ糵Ǵˣ˶ڼķ籩ȫ
ԶĵطڣӵģģǺ«ģŻɡ֯һƬÿ˶רעԼ֮УǼһΣԼĺƽ٣ȫãȻ֪
ȻѾǵһμˣʱеĸȴȻͬ
ʱԼֻһĬĬŵġ͡еһжΪȻڣ֪ԼѾվǸλã˵ˣ۹İΣϵԼһСΪһƽʵףΪһãȻ֪ЦԼҲ㾡ܣ۹
ӹͷֻĳЩطüʵ
Ŀӹ·һǺ«С̷һͻȻ˹ȥ΢΢Ц
鷳һǺ«
ǰ徭ЩطǾԲЩСģ֪Ϊʲôһ볢һǺ«һǶԼ˵Ѿƽ

ǰ壬΢΢һǺܿ췴ӦӼժһǺ«˹ȥ
ӣ
΢΢һЦӹ֧Ǻ«һܿǰȥ
һ·Ŀĵǰȥھʦһд󣬲֪˶ãͣʱۣȴԼ֪ѾһϤĵط
¥
ڽֱ߲Զĵطһ¥޴ϤۺȻӳȻһȸֽĵط
ĳ̶ֳ˵֮󣬸ı۹˵㡣ƾ¥Ķ˶ʶȸֽ˺Щȸл˴ĲƸΪԼԺｨĸ֮ǣͻʵս齨춨˻
Ȼڣⳡ۹ޱǰϦԼ֪Ȼٴ
ƹ񣬸һѲ裡
ͻȻת¥ٴ¥¥Լĵط
¥ǳ֮ˡ
˻ǺˣѾˣڻԼµʱ𣿡
֪˶ãһŵŵŵ¥һϵӺ󷽴ȻԳһɴݲȵζ
ʱ䣬¥һƬƹСʧˡ
ˣ
ǰ˫ֵûж
Ǻǣһ㶼ȡ
󷽵¥ݿڣһɫۣ߽ȻǺ
ʦţ׷׶һɺѹǳݵգеһУΪǰĶˡ
Ȼ˭뵽еʱ̣жԵȻͬʱСС¥ڡ
ΪʲôҪþأԼҳ𣿡
嵭ɫ쳣ƽƺûʲôܺľ
Ŷ
ⷬһ˿ɫǰȥԶͣ
˻ӺζϷ㲢û˿ֻƬֻǽʯϷʲôϢ𣿡
ѳʣڶȴδ䣬лҪ˵ֻһ⣬ǰ޴⣿
屳֣
Ȼô˵ţƶޱȡ
Ѿ˽Ҳ˰ͥﶼڿ֮󣬱û˿Ķⷬٶ˵ʲôǶ˵Ѿȷźš
һ˿˴бھս֮ǰҪԼԼһᡣ

һǰ꣬΢΢˵ͷ
۸ڶԸΪʲôʮĴĺ֮ˣ
壬ʼһֵĵ⣬ΪֹǺߵˡ
ǵ֮ǰԼ𣿡
΢΢һЦŵ
Ϊֹ㻹ӿԵϾ֮λ𣿡
һ̣㲻˵ǳ䶨¹˭ֻδ֪ǰ˵Щ̫𣿡
һת
ĿԵɲǣˣ¥һƬž·ˡ
ǰĺһۣһ޸֮ͨߣû˱ǰߣ۹ǰδеľ޴вƻй¼Ǳ¼֮ǰĴ¼ԼĽ䣬ǳԶԷֱʡ
һлԶûнǰ˻ԶûͷųǹƾսĿƻ
Ѿʱˣǲ𣿻ʦɣٲûлˣ
Ŀһ£һű¶Ŀģ
ӦҲϣƻʹΪһƬ𺣰ɣ


1738 սǰϦ¾ս
һʱ׹ȻԵԼΪֹΪĶһֱո֮У㲻
ֻһ˲䣬ͼڵƾս˵ûܹʦһʤ׵ѹʼǸ޴ź
УһԼǾ˾˵ı֣һжȻ鹦ʦ
һ㣬д󶨣Խȥ˵ˡ
Ը㣬Ҫʦ
嵭
Ǻǣظ֮һʱȴ㲻һʰ㣬վǻģ
ǰ
СǰΪԼһѧϰֻΪ˾սǰһ̣ڲΡ
飡
ǰһ̤ɲǼ䣬һɰƴӺڱŷͬһֻϻʩչԼצһֻԾ죬һɲǵĺĿ·˷츲صı仯ϣԸǿޱȡ
κ˿ʱĺ᲻壬һ־ηĸо
ʱĺﻹһĵ͵޷ǿ󣬺Ǹòĺϵһ
֪˺ʵݣһ̣Ҳɸеһ˿𶯡
屾Ҳս񣬼ʶĵ۹󽫣ЩѾõĵ۹󽫣ʹʱ¶ݵĺȣƶҪһء
Ȼʱĺƾ޵ķ˿趯˵˼Ҳƺص˾Զʱǰ뵽˾ԶĻ֮С
Ǹ߰ģҲǿģ̫սǸҵްܼ˵⡣
Ϊ̫ʱ̫ڵʱԶ֮ǰҲԶ֮ϡ
ʢʱҲûûȴΪ֮£ø߰ĺܹܡ
һҪĻһΣ֤ԼǿҲĽ
Ǿ͵˵ɣ

ߣ
һһûټ׷ʡ
㣬УԷ糾ƣָĹƺ̣Уʩչ󷨣Ҳ·پϷ֪󷨡Ǵѧģ˵ʦ棬Ϊʦȥ͵ѧ˵书ս
˵󣬺¶һ˿ɱʦգǴɣΪ֣Ҳ
ԭҾΪ£
ȻһЦΪûлɣڿУĴ仹һЩߡ
ֻΪܹвǾǴشˡ
ǰ˳ᢣŲ°
Ŀһ䣬ɲǼ¥˲䰲
ĵ治С֪Լ㣬ȴҹһ˹ɱ㣬֪֪֮ԼѾǰϷҪ̫ŬͿԸӵϾ֮λ
û˵ֻǶǰĺںУоһصɱȻֻ˵˵ѣпܣֵĻᡣ
ǰʵ˵仰ҲһЧϾ۹˵Ѿˣ
嵭
һ仰Ŀһ˲ɫ
ˣһεӺϱͬʱɫͬһǿҵײһ𡣺¡ֻһ죬ھ˲Զطһ̴ľ˲ըͬΧȫһǿɨ˾¥Ľ
ʦǽţΣѣһʷǰĳͻʱܱͻ˫ǡǡǰĶˡ
ɵǰĺӷضش巽ͬˡ

¥һɹΧת¥š
ǰųƾսȻʱ䣬ҲĥʼԸʶ䵽Ǹ˵֯Ϊ𣿡
ͻȻڵһ˿Ĺâ
ֻ˵˵ѣľѸס¥ں֮󲻾ã¥ǰĸλٸųʮˣлٴﵽ˽ӽ΢ĵز
ȻлĻԲɱԼ
ߣҲֻҪܹʤʹʲôֶʲôϵء
Ȼָ˿Ϊ裺
⣬Ϊڰĵطʮܳв𣿡
˵󣬺һ˿ĺ⣬巢صĺˣηֲ͵͵µĴƳȻ֣һһ̲Ŷõģĸ֪
˹֮սСһ飬鷢ǿ󣬶ƵԶԶһΪ֪Ҽɵءʮܳ󣬾ʹʮһ֮ھһٶʸ
ɱУȴԱ⣬ǹſڣңýҪõִֻ˵㹬ʧʦյĹעҲܰ޶ԣ
嵭ȻһƵᡣ
棬ȴüͷΪﵽ־磬ĳҲʵвЩ˵ȻҲһЧ尲Щ󣬽赲ǣԼܣôʹ´ˡ
ʵֻҪԷ¶һ¾˳룡
ҪǣǴƵҪľ豸ڳļһֱǴƵ߻ܣ֮ͻȻ־֮вŻʹõͳ󣬱Ȼ𼫴Ĺעͺ䶯嶯óʵĿġ
ȻƽڳбӼеľӣһڹſĹע´Ҳ޶ԡ
Ƕ˰ɣɢȥ𣿡
ЩͷԺзӶͻȻ
ΧһƬžʲôҲûзһ̣䣬ܵľ¥һӰͻȻǽڣƿնһֻֻʧڸ
˷һϢӰѸʧȴû˿ĲƺԤϡ
߰ԸϰڲѣһбɱȻûаոɵ壬ȻҲûбҪټȥ
塰šЩʧԶʼһ
ְɣ
忴ŶĺͻȻڵ
˽ֿ˰ͥأҲһǲɹģ
û˱ʷһⳡ֮ҾûгɹһȻԼΪ˴һսر͸Ӳǵóѡ
Ҳ̫ʱ۹ؽҲΪ۹սӦףһұ۹ɶӰ졣


1739 
ǺǣԸҼԭ𣿶ѾһһӦ𣿡
Ȼ
ǻĿҵģһǳʧ
ǰ𲻴ӦЩҶȥ
ҡҡͷķӦԤ֮УֻǣⳡսǰڣΣ»һ˿ϣ嶼㾡ȫȥֹ
ڵ۹Զ㿴ôǿ󣬴ʳ˹ءͻʣи߾Щǻֻ֮ʱݷÿʱÿ̶ŴơһУһУһ˿һӲǵ۾ֻҪκεĻᣬǱضȺ֮һ߽ƣʱȻͿ̿ѵҪ𣿡
ֹˣƵΣκһ˿ĻҪö࣬һȴĽʲôǰӦñҸ
ǰҲˣӦҲϣ䵽ֵزɣ

ԹǿʳؼĲ֮ң֮ΧڣԼǳֲĺƽ١ȴƬص̫̫ˡǺЩǱв¶֪
ֻϧ֮ʯԼûа취˵ֻ޵ķʽἰ
¥ھĵģԭһȻƺ˿Ϊһ䣬ȴĲһ¡
̫ˣСӣ仰缸ʮ˵һȥֻϧ˵ʲô˵ûʲôôˡ۹Ϳ̿ǧΣϷΪ۹ǰµĽˡ
Ȼ޷һ£ϷҲûɶˣ
˵仰һڣת¥ݿȥ
⣡
¥ݿڵĵط壬¶˶١
Ȼ˵֮غƵĹˣǾǰѴƵĹҲⳡĶ֮аɣ˵ҪıʲôǾͳŽ߾ȫֹҰɣ
ֻǣҾֵģ
Ӱȴʧ١
Ҳһ
ֻǺû뿪ʱ촽⶯૵˵ͬһ仰
˵仰ܿ뿪¥
࣡
¥⣬һװλʻѸͣԡ
صȴš
үô
ǿ壬
߰ɣǱѾ׼׵־ʱ䣡
ƽ
ǻһ𣬶ʱһ仰˵
һ·ǰƬ֮󣬻һֻŸ£ֻǿһۣʱˢıɫ
ظ
ֻ˵֣һ̣٣ķȥ
ڰʱһϢ䶯ʦ£
ӷԻ壬ӱͥǲһ£̸ʦİĽţɽ
ͬСɣ˵֮ǰĽţй¼ͱ¼ͨİջܲʲôôһʦٶ۵İնо쳣
ʦǰûзǿʢѾʮûзˡرڻ̫ƽʱԽĲͬѰˡ
ɽ¥
ھʦĲ¥һʿ۴αȵľʦһ˫üͷ塣
ϣƿӹһ٣
еľһʿӺܿ뿪¥ʧ

ĸۡƻͨ塢ǡȸԪ˶ۼһãһƬš
ȸյϢʹ˵һ°ɣ
ϣ΢գɫأͻȻڵ
ǣү
ȸһ񣬺ܿת
ڵηǳѾȨͥľӵؾʦȻ͢ƵһˣǰĽ֧ӣӦϣңֻ಻٣
⣬ǣиҪأȫбļ󣬿ֻҪһЩȫӱʦ
һϯ˵˾ɫ䡣
ôңôıȫ˶֪
Ԫɫͨ죬ݺݵ߬ȭͷһ
ϲòѾʱˣǲй˼ˡڻŸոտʼǻͬʱôıһʱ죬²˿ԥұˣӿФɱڻʲôģ
ȸΪͷĿȸյϢ˽Զ֪ϸöֻ࣬ǺܶϢûбҪʱ˵ˡ
ҪʦоӿɻſԡǾʦţɽϣľӣңҪ𣿶ҰүУΪʲôͿԵطʦ
ͻȻڵɫޱȡ
εľǳͻȻҪǣ֪֮͸¶ǿҵսζʦºܿҪΪһƬս֮ء
εǳӣ˵ǻûоӿɻϮǰҲϷֹ֣̫ڻʵ۵ʱǳƵҪǵǲľӣϽʦȿͨľĥͬʱҲԣַʽ鿴ľݺơ
Ӷãڱﲻ˽Ҳܶٸ㡣
ȸüͷ壬˶ٽŵ
̫ʱʵǳձ飬ǿʢǿ׳ʵԶڸ֮ϣԻԽԽ٣ڱʱҲֹֻһΣ˺㳹׵Ļķˡ
˵ģȻеıԳԱһֻҪǲľһңȫȨޡ
Ȼʱִ٣ȸ㾡ȫռ˴Ĳϡ
ȸĻܿ찲ÿ˶üͷ¶һ˼ɫ
ľӵ
ʱ˶
ǵϢڳ͢´֮ǰžӣ뿪˱ͥսų㣬ӦѾ뿪⣬һ顣ǵٶȣվִܵﾩʦ
ȸܿʶڵ

һ̣˵ĿУۣĴӴϵıվߵ˴ĶϽǡ
ৣһһ޴Ĳͱ᣺Ķ˲ĵͺһ
ǴƵɳ̡
žڼ֮ǰϽͻȻһþ޴ɫ᣸ţ浽ʲô岻˵Ҳȥʡ
³çȥ²ᣣֻ˭Ҳû뵽ȻһŴɳ̣Ҫɳ̸ߵһɫС죬ͥȫ
رǴӱͥʦ·ϣСһ·
·;ҪĹذ͹ؿȫһĽġ
ԭүϵ˴ǵĲãǰ׼
һ˲𶯲ѣǹʹ˷׷վۼԡ


1740 պɽ
ɳ̷ǳϸǴΨһһţݶڵɳˡ
Ҫһ㣬ûмϸĿ׼ǾġȻⳡġս׼ԶĶöࡣ
ȱڵպɽ֧Ӿͽˣ
嵭Ŀӹɳϸߵɽ룬ץһģһѲ˾뱱ͥ˰ĵط
Ҫִţɽ·Զֹһǣеĵ·뾭һ㣬ܹأպɽ׼ɣ
ү
˷׷Ӧһ
⣬֪ͨңǰһڵҪʱˣ

ү
ȸڿʼе̽ȫɢųȥʦﻹԼܱ߸ڣеı䶯Ҫʮʱϣκεķ紵ݶٶȴУ

һһϵĴзÿһȷЩһ󶨡
ȥɣ
һ䣬һڣȸǵӦһ˲׷ȥ

ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬УֻŸ׷׷˳ȥ


Ÿһֻֻʱ򣬻ʹڣһণһֻֻࡢӥȸͬʱܼķ뵽֮С
ҹɫеĶƻͨææµµͬһɽŵζ
£ոյϢǱ߹ȻжˣѾʼﴫϢˡ
ʯסһֻĿĺ࣬ڼڴǰϥ£ɫ
ʿΪ֪ڶ֮Уܵǰδеӣܹһչڸ߾޷ġ
ʯȻҲǽ߾ܣʩչȫռصϢȻҲ֮ءڳҰ⣬ܹӵģҲֻʣǸˡ
ˣ
㱨ӰϷְֻŷ֣ȻһЦŤͷһԹ
ʤ߰ܣڣγ²ɡ
ӹɽڣеһмԤϵһ޶ҲɹĻȡԼҪıȨơڶڹ˶Ψհ
ӵĻֻǵȻһЦϲû̫Ĳ
ûһ̣»ǲҪ̫⡣

ֻһЦȻںĵǣΪ⡣
£ǱѾ֣֮ǾӦ֮ıͥɹִﾩʦͥսһսǿҶǺˣܺÿƣǸӦϣټϷǣһЩطδҲѳԲܵӡ
һڴ𣬾ڴʱͻȻǰһ
Ǽ䣬˵Ŀⶼ˴ĺ
ǣ²صģһаš
ȻһЦ
ܹصģҲֻһȱڶѡܹģҲֻı
ֻҪȱڵıһڴƣ¾Ͳ˿ĵġҲżڸʦףͯϤƵ˽Իӣʲô˵ɣ
ͬ췴ɵն
ףͯһɫ
仰˶ʱ׹¶һ˿Цݡ
ȱѵӵ£ʵѲܡ
ЩӲԲ㴥Ƶķɡҳ͢һ˹ص۹ս꣬˼ԸҪڸԭϵפ
ڸԭϽ֮ǣټϴפÿԴƷ˹أ׵Ľ֮ǣҲǳ͢ĬϵһҪԭ
ֻǴһʱһʱȱڵǴǰô㹻ɽ¡
֮Сհǰ˺󡱣ҪƽͱľӣΪĴڡû⣬޹˼ɣƽûֹܹ
ãȻûп㣡ʯڿʼҪȫȱڵĶֻҪ뿪ȱڣ㱨ʱҪͼı췴£
˵Ŀɭ͸¶ɱ

Ŵӵ˲ϢĺࡢӥӶڿն𣬷ңԶȱڣͬһʱ䣬ı׷׳ȱڻ㼯˹ȥһεɱʱΧȱں£
Σһ


һֻֻŸղϵķɽɳϣľڲԭıԵǧһſ纣ſ
ڶǰ棬պɽҵԣһԶ
˹ظԭԶȥԶһо࣬ƽϸߴĸǣиԶԼԼ۵ס
һԭϲľһƬɱա
׼𣿡
պɽǰͻȻڵ޷˿趯
׼ˣ
һ
ܺã
պɽȻһЦ͵һ˲佫иոյżһţ
үţƣһ뿪ȱڣһ˻ᣬȱڲ߼ӣֻҪһ̤ͼıԸӡû⣬ȱڽƵͨӦöﰵ̽
ˣҪγͨļ
һ󳵶ӵĽ쿪ڵ
ˣһʱһȱڣҲһطǡֻҪ̤ƣǶ˵ûκ𡣡
պɽ

˵ʱͻȻһֻŸշ£һסŸ룬ֻǿһۣҴҲ৵һ£Ѹٷ£
ˣǰͨǵ·ϣֿ
ˣ
һ䣬ΧʱһƬžֻպɽɫȻһľٶȫԤϡ
ˣô죿뿪ȱڣǸ޷ֹµıͥ
Χһüͷ壬ֻţɵ÷׷պɽ
ǺͱͥıĿǰûн֣ȱڵıʵȴҲκһĶ޷½ĻǾһˡ
ƵľڷǳţƱľӽֹ뾩֮ס
ͥڻֻһףһʼֹ½ʦ췭ظ֮䣬ľҲǰʦ
ʱүھʦѹͻӡ
һţ¡
պɽͻȻڵ
ڣ
аţҶѾֽ㰴ҵĸ̳סаŽԲɳ˿ĲĻɴã
պɽɫ


ϣս˻ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬պɽ糱ˮĴֻһΣǳŸ֮Ǻķ򣬶ǳķȥֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ʧ١
Ÿݴɱıŷ
ʱ仺ȥʱңԶľʦС
޴ɳǰ飬ģ֮ǰͬ˺ɫС죬ɳϻ˰ɫ죬Ͱ컥һ𣬾ͺֻ˺ҧͻ㡣
ʱվž޴ɳǰĬĬĿ䣬֮⣬˭Ҳ֪ɳϵĴʲô


1741 ͬң
үոյϢıͥѾԽˣ
ʱһյĽŲԪϴϥµ
ǵĿǰΪֹûпպɽľӣҪȥһŵȱڣߴһպɽ𣿡
ԪĿգһ£ܿع
ˣ
ĿӾɳϻջأһƽ
鲻õģ㽻պɽȫȨðɣպɽƴ¡
Ϊĩʱһ֮ţպɽԶܳö࣬˹֮սͺɺ֮սĲսպɽһĴѾ¶ķâ
ڿʼֻҪܼӱԼʦ춯ɡ⣬ȸÿʱһαͥλá

ǣү
Ԫ

˵ʱʱ죬˵ʱһ󼱴ҴҵĽŲգ۵ʱ䣬һߵĽŲҴң˽
үոյһż㣬ǴӹģϢмߣվеĹأֻд˲ܲģ
ϥڵϣ˫ǰУ߾һż㣬һɲǣԱߵĳԪƳһۣż޴Ļӡʱ΢΢ɫ
У
巢ģרϢȼϵͳԽߣԽԽҪܹĵ˾Խ٣ŷӡϵбʾߵм𡣻仰˵дŵֱʸ忴ģȸûвĵʸ
Ԫôãǵһο߼ż㡣
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳż㣬ָһţৣһ̣еżƿնһС
ȵţ
ֻǿһۣ˳żϤļǺţԼر緽ʽֻڼҪвŻʹá
ͣ
һ˺ŷ⣬ȡֻֽһۣʱɫޱ䡣һ·ĩβѱޱȡ
ﾲĵģһ˲Ϣ
ү׷ʲôˣ
ڴʱһƽԪһֱע壬ӴżһɫԽԽأԪôãǵһϿ顣
Լɣ
ָһžеżƿշɳƮ˳Ԫ
Ԫһѽסֻǿһۣʱ৵һ£ػ
ͬң˼Ͷӣ
żϵĵһ̧ͷ֣ͿóԪɫޱ䣬ɫ԰ײѡ
ô
һɲǣԪһĶʱˮס
ͬ޲򣬹򲻿ɵС仰޵ıͬսҲ˵ͬ޵У˹֮ս˼ʱͬչʾױȵĿɲ
ʳ˵ţսݺ۳ң޵Уֵסʱֻа˼ͬŵֵסǵķâڹؼʱ̸˴ʳ˳һ
սͬ²࣬Ҳֻڲ֮䡣
Ҫǣ˹ͬﻹֻмǧʦУȴϢһͬһսֵĿ
үô죿
һΣԪľĸо
Ǿʦ岻ڱһһͬ˽սǾζһģҵս
ʦΪһƬ𺣣ٰ֪սܵ¾սľҳ̶ȽȫԿƣ
û˵һƬţš
ȴӻʹмģϢǳءڹг裬̶ʱڣʹ֮Уǵλߵͨ΢ĹŮֻ̫࣬ǵֵĽȫԺǳֵܣһƬ
ͬ˵Ϣǡǡеġ
ͬͶӵ£ûж֪ҲһƬƽֻϧûв͸ǽصϢҲ͸¶ʱ
˼ȻӢ䣬ȴһĶӰͬϢдǸӰͬ׳ġ
ټϸ̽ͬ˵ӪͻȻ˴ĽƱҽ䱸Ҳǿ࣬һȻ졣
ͬʱصģһţ
֪˶ãͻȻڣƽ
Ԫ͵͵һ壬ֻɫ򶨣Ŀݣʱд󶨡Ȼ֪үҪȥԸһ򼫾вͬǲκʱֻҪ˵һа취ôضˡ
ϣƺ޾Ŀܣѣܹ
ǣү
Ԫܿ칧
ǵıôˣ
ͻȻڵ
үķԸһжǳ˳Ѿɵһ׶ε񡣡
Ԫϥڵϣ
š
˵ͷ
ǣûҵⳡѾؼʱ̣˿Ĳ
ǣ
Ԫ˵ͷɫࡣ
ž
ͻȻ֮䣬û˿ףһͻȻͷͺĳһ㣬ƬϹ
ţ
һ˲䣬ͳԪ̧ͷͷҲʱһ߿ļҹд
ণ
Ǽޱȣֻһ룬Ȼֹ飬ţУֻ񷭹ţʯ׹ϡ
飡
ȻһлֻһʼһźŰ㣬ײݶϴ
һɲǣһԵĳԪ׷ױɫৣûȳԪӦâһѾ߳˴
⣬ҹɫһƬڰʱѾˡ
߳žͬʱһֻ޴ӥѪ߰ߣŤϣձֱ׹¡ʶģ̧ͷһĵĳ
ֻϿգ޾ҹУ飬֪жٺࡢӥۼϿգһ˻ţǶ棬һȺںǲͣ˻˺ҧ
һ߿ļڶë׷ϵĴƮһһֻֻӿеս伤ҡ
үϿͻȻִĺӥڴ׽ǷɳȥŸ롣инŸ붼ǵĹ֮УԷɳӥȸǳ࣬ȸѾɳ˴ӥȸȫֿ
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬壬һæϹ㱨
үС㷢ϢΧͻȻִ̽ӣǲɷ˵ȫǵĶĿСѾ˳ȥȫɱսǳҡ
âһһӰ̿ʹ磬ֻһ˫۾棬ͻȻǰϥ¡
һɲǣɫһʱñޱȡ

ԽΡȻʵĹǽʱ˿̵ĶУƻͨͬһƬš


1742 Ǳصı
ˣķԸǵȫѹµļ̽ӡ⣬ѵһֻӥȸѾȫųѹڿʼڲһֻܹɳȥеϢȫǵƿ֮У
ҡҷĻУ߾ӥʯŴеĹһ
Ϊ߾ӥʯԸ߰ǶǰĪĹʯֻзľη𾴡
ܺã
Ϸɫϣĵ˵ͷ
֪֪˰սĿϢҪԣϷòٺǽˣڿʼϷ뿴κε©
ǣ
˺Ӧ
ͥѾڸʦ·ϣͱʱܹѾ׼һжѾĽ׶Ρһ𣬴ѾȫӵĿȨ˹
óԭλãԼվһԣùվԼԭλãԱеľĺ̬ȡ
Ƕ˰ɣڿʼ˭ǵļƻκεĲأΨʣʱҪֱĺ
ʱһԵĴҲ˵ˡʱĴӺȻͬɫĿǱޱȣ¸ɢһŨҵɱ
Ϊһ̣֪˶ٸҹҹͷκ赲ԼĴơ
ּ⣡
ףͯޣʯ׺ݣ׵˷׷׵ͷ
һоͽˣ
ĵ˵ͷ漴һԵĹ
ֻǵ˵ͷûκεı顣
ʯڿʼ֣ҹͣļӽϷҪӺ֮п
ǣ
ʯ
⣬鵽Ķ𣿡
ڵ
һ仰ʱ˵Ŀ˽ʯϣҲ˹
ʦڴӵƿ֮УΨһĻǻʹϵ岢ֻǴƴ飬Ǵһսھ۹ӵмӰٵıҲܷӳǿսʮıҲɵġ
֮ս˹֮սѾչʾֿµ츳
ĸ֮ӾٶıҲԸ
ѾȫˣĿǰõȱﲻ֪ʲôԭ򣬵Ϊֹû˿ĶͱͥǱҲûܵκεľѻ
ڴʱʯ˶
Ǹԭϵıأûм٣
üͷһ壬ʵ
ĿǰͨȱڵͨѾϣرأǵ޷ȥѾ֣ҹǰú̽飬ڵõϢȱڵıûгԵı仯Ӧûûвȡж
ʯ
ߣҲȱڵıڲʲô³һΪж߹ˣ
һԣͻȻһڵ
ȱڶڻıȷʵǿսһ֧Ҫ֧ȴǲܶģǿʹãҲûκεô
ӢһѾǱƵ·ûжıã֪ǵͼҲû˿취
ʱҲǰ͵
˭Ҳû˵ǴһȻҲͬ뷨ôܹѹסȱڵҪ˵ǸϢ
ûô򵥣
ûһϣĻ˵ķ׷׳ˮף
ǶǴα¼;ӵˣ֪ȱڲߣʱǵĶ򣬵ȴ¶ĻϢģͣǰǣһᣡ
΢΢ͷһɲǣĿޱȣƺ͸ʱգ޾
źĻڵҲ֮ѹ
һ˻֪Ѷˣ֪Լıһƾͻᱻıﴦض㲻ǰȴˡ
Ǳ¼Ǿ¼嶼˿ûй˼ɵӺͳ͢ٱĴвͻʿɺ˵Ը񡣶ûг͢͸ڳ֮͢ԳһӣʦֱִδţǰδУ
ԵĶֺ֣޹˼ɣʲôóˡ
ȱǱߣˣһҪȱڵ

ǣ
ʯһæ
⣬鵽ı𣿡
ͷ΢΢۵ߣıֻȱڣһİС
ĿǰǵѾеţн뾩ʦرִ͵Ķϲ֮Уһֿף׽ĿǰЩ֮⣬ʦһƬƽǵطϵĸݸЩ춯ƺбۼļ󡣵ʱִ٣ǷϢڣҲֻж̶̵ʱ䣬طϵıûջ˾ʦ
ʯͷ˿Ĵ⡣һжֻǴӣʯԼ˶ȫ䱸ȫԸ
ƵĹԶڸ߾֮ϣȨҲԶһ߾Աģξ³ɹ»ߵĵһ߾֮ޱߵȨҲ֮
û˵ֻǱ۾
ˣıѾˣ
Ƭ֮󣬺ͻȻ۾˵ĻжΪ֮ѡ
ˣôܡ
ʯ𾪣ʶѿڶݸ;ʦ֮Զôô͵ִﾩʦ
Ƕ̫СˣȻҲ֪ʲôʱ׼жģıضѾ뾩ʦڿʼ⣬ýŲȫѲֻҪֿ˵ȣһɴΣһҪ鵽ڳǱصı
˵һ䣬бŷһĺâͬһʱ䣬ʳжָһһöɫţеžһ֮һŽɫϡ
ϣڰ飬ݺύеĺһƬɴһص޾ɱ֣
İӱɱֵУ

ŸƬ֮󣬰һ󼱴ٵĽŴӶ˳ȥ

תƣգ֮һȥʦϣȺҲܾʦζڵײİ˵ճϢÿյ֮ǰȣû̫ĸı䡣
ϷЩ飬ԶǿԸġ
ʱ˿̣ھһƫƧ
𣿡
һ̦޺ĸǽһѹ͵С
ˣǸѾһʱˣǳСģѰİա⣬ֻһˣĶȴʮ˵һҲԲôɣ
һ
ܺãȱ𾪶ǣ׼һ£ټңһ£
˵䣬ܿȥ
Ƭ֮һ΢ֵӰԶӣ뵽һ߲ʯͷΧĶƺ


1743 ͥ
¡¡
˽ȥ֮󲻾ãһ죬ضҡĽִͻȻӰԾѸٽʯͷΧס
̲飬ö
һĻ׼˷ͬһʱ䣬ʮɷһ߿ţ˽ȥ
ҪɱңҪɱң
һ󾪻ŵĵǹꪣԼʮʮź˷Σαװĺ˸߾˫֣׷׹ڵϡһѶѾľװĽ
ôһѺˣ
ʯͷнһ˵˰죬һ͵͵ĺ̡ȻڴƶĽھʣΪ屻Ʒ֮УҪץĿȫʮǧ
ͨͨҴߣصݺݽѵһ٣
Ϊ׵Ķ̽Ӻݺݻ˻ֵ
⣬㱨棬˵жʧܣʱûзһϵ
ɢ̲飬ΣһҪҵڳеı
ǣ
һӦһȺļĿѸɢٻЩҲѸ뿪
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ƫƧӺָܿƽЩɢȥĶͶĿԼ˵Ĵɽ֪ǰΧ̲ǼʯͷԺӱ಻Զĵطһ˫۾һֱĬĬעǣһֱʧ޾Զ
үжϹȻûǱ߹ȻʼˣҺү㣬㵽˶Ǳ⼸һǰתλãȻץľˣ
ܿת
Ϣ㱨ү⣬ҲòȫתƵص㣬ûϽ
ǣ
һȺ˷׷Ӧ׷׷ϸȥЩĿ̫Ѩ¡ֻƲ˼ӣ¸ɢһнֹɷѪζȻǾˡ
ʯĽ϶ĿǷԼץй̿̽ӵھеʱ򣬳ʦţһ·ھ뾩ʦΪңԶһطȺɽ࣬
̵ֻĵطˣԼӶĻӣẓ̇˳
ʱ˿̣ɽʹһƬž

ͻȻ֮䣬û˿ףɽ𶯣ķƺܵʲôһ㣬ͨȺɽгণһֻֻ޴ӥȸչͣԶӶղϵƺʲô
¡¡
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬غ޾Ⱥɽһܼһֻ˵ĴƺƵԾ˵ٶѸٳ
ϣ
âһһԽ˻һƥīߴ˶Ȼɽ·Ծϣһ׳˶ĺ佫Ŀͭ壬ޱȡ
죡Ŀ꾩ʦȫǰȫϣΥն
Ǵͬһ㣬ɽϿը
һս˻Ʈչ֧˵ıͥٶֿһأһ·磬Ϸɽȥ
һ·ҹоĴڷԽɽ룬ִ¹壬ڵĽųʱ䣬Եִﾩʦ
Ҵִﾩʦ֮ʱǾ֮ʱ£ҪʵŵˣͿأҲһҪǾ֮λ
ԺϣĿбŷѩĹâ
վɽ嶥ˣȥԶԶƬɽӾ۵ףһǣк
¡¡ųһӣź˷ڣɽ룬³ȥһ·žʦȻнһʱͻ𡪡
ϣ
û˿ףͻȻ֮䣬ݣǰʮƥս˻ţѸȥ
ۣѪ䣬ʮƥսص׵ļ̴̴һغ󷽣ǧıھ޴Եǰȥ
ãǰ壡
˴ʧɫ׷סսȥѾˣϣ˻УǸսУͬʱĵݣ·ȫضϡ
ô£
󷽣һĻɲǼ䣬ɫˡ

ʱţһ࣬С
үոյϢǱ߹ȻжѲ壬ץǵˣ
УһͷĿϥڵϣ
ÿķӦ
仰Ŀһ£жѾطϱ˵ļԷע⡣
ǿԷϵֱӾжı˾ʦж֮׼ֱǾˡ
ڣǵһĶ֡ò˵ȷʵĿǰǿĶ֣Ϊ̫ʱƵĵڶս
ЩͷԺзӶָܿƽƾսȷʵѲҲ֮
ǵΣ
Էжܿ죬ҼΪͻȻãү֮ǰѣֵѾȫת£дʳ֧Ÿ߰⡣
ͷĿͷ˵ʶ̧ͷƳһۣһ˿ľ塣
֮壬ǧֻе˲ףүĻ䡢ıϴﵽ˺ֺ˵ĵز
λǿүߣƺϵԷҪȡжǰȥܹ˶Էķѡ
ε»Ǹ֮ǰѾüˡ
ܺã֪ˡ
ȴ֪ͷĿ뷨Ŀţд˷
ڵõҵĽһ֮ǰв
ǣү
ͷĿæͷ
¸ˡ
һ£
ϣͻȻסͷĿָһǰ̴ľϣһѾдͣīδɵż㱻˹ȥ
Ŵȥ¡

ͷĿӦһż㣬ܿȥ

ͷĿ뿪ͬʱһӰѸٽ֮У
պɽսոշϢүķԸѾɹ¹סͥ
ˣ
仰һ̧ͷһɲǣ¶һ˿Цݡ

ӥȸ䱸ɭϡ
ʲô
֮УһȻ𾪺Ͳţ
ıͥ¹ѻôܣ
һǣŵµĽʯӵɫ࣬ѿޱȡ
£ǧȷҲǸոյõϢġ
ʯͷ亹乡
𺳣ҲüͷȻȲϸ֥溲֮ȴҲսս֮Ҳֻһ߾룬˵߻ıͥ
ҪĴⲻһ˾õģ
ȱڵıһֱڼӣıҲһֱûжôܻͻȻ裿
૵Ĳ˼顣
ϢƬ֮ǰģһõʮ𼱵ӡǣ˵Ǹͳ
û˵֧ӣ
ʱһ𣬴˼žϷһֱûô˵ĹͻȻڵüͷ壬ƺ˼
һ˲䣬˶һ˫˫Ŀ׷˽ʯ
ͱͥûӣ
ʯ˵ĵһ仰˴㵲ѡ
ûӣʲô˼
ûӣĴΪʲôֹǰ


1744 еս
Է¹벼˴壬ӣʹ˴޼ַǳרҵȫµе·ЩϰҪѴʱ䡣
¹ԣȺɽܲľǳܼЩطսͨȥУľٶȻΪһ·УҪٶ໨ϰ죡
Σǵִﾩʦʱ䶼Ϊӳ٣
ʯͷ˵ţһ仰·ǧ֮˵Ϊӳ١ĸ֣ʯ·ʹȫɫɫ԰ף亹ꡣ
ʱ򣬴ִӳζʲôû˱ȽʯˡҪǣͥϮԺϢ鲻λкܴĹϵ
ֻǣʯõԷȻʹֶΡ⵽ʦһ·ֹۣǧܹÿط쵽
ֻʵѾѲ˹ϵ
޹أ
ڴһƬѹֵʱ򣬹ͻȻ˵Ķৣû˷ӦһϵĽŲУһֻͻȻ߹ȥ͵ǽϵһĻ
Ǽ䣬ǽϺȻ¶һŲȱĴƵľµͼ
ͼϻкܶطһƬģûоȷƳؼĵطϣ
һ漰Ӿʦ棬ôܲһĴƵͼֻǱߣĵͼȻЩª
ŵͼһ۾ͼе˵ͼϣ¹塱ڵλãֻһۣĿһʱޱȡ
мˣȱڵıѾˣ
һָָŵͼ¹λã˵ĵһ仰оޱȣ
û⣬¹۷·ҲѾǽضϡͬʱȻ·壬ûаǧ
˵˹֮ս˹غͻʵܹ׼Ӻ͵Ϯµ赲죬粽ǰĽպɽʯȱڵ佫ǽ𣿡
ǣ
ʯһæ
ˣ
һȻ
£Ҫ鷳ϵһ˹ˣ̽һ£û⣬ȱ൱Ѿˡ
ðɣ
ӳƬ̣˵ͷⳡжУǴӻǺʵԸ˹صϾڽе飬֪ԽԽáڣҲòǵˡ
һֱΪҪԸĽǸӶѣ벻»֪ͨƽʱ򣬸ǰ
˵ţָһ죬ͼϵһ㣬ݺݰȥ
һ뿴ȥְֻĵطէһǳɽ룬ϸȥȻһصϿϪ
ϿϪǳխ˳ǳǳϪһ·ϣϿȵĩ˺ȻֱָţͷأǴµһؿڡ
һɲǼ䣬оʲô
ǣ
һǣʯóϷһ̣ǰĹ˼㡣
գ
˵ʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲ⼱ٵı仯ͻȻ˵ע⡣һʱ䣬ӡʯ˷׷Ťͷ˹ȥ

˵ĿУһֳֳꪣҴҴ˽
յϢǱ߸ոյһǧȫװ븮ЩػΧĸط䱸ɭϣǵԿ
ʲô
ϢӻȻɫ
쵰ôĵӣȻĿŵӽ£ʲô
һǧһȫװ֣ⲻǸСĿҲԹôӽţϾ쵼ǵĿ壬ֳһǧԷӳһʱ̣ڶ˵һ˼ɵ
ףͯȥҪʲô

¡
ʱһԵǰѹɵ
ճ͢Ĺأʥʵ⣬һȺȫװ˽ȫȨ֮ڣûȨȥֹ
һ䣬ڶʱѻȸɫһʱ㵡
⣬չأٽһǧ֮ڣ⣬жóȨЩү߱ġ
ɬһ䡣˲Ϣ䣬ΧţһƬѹ֡
ȻʲôѪȴʥ׷Ȩʵ֮ϣһ㣬ӶȨ档
һ࣬һüò˵ⷬٶЩ⣬ʱڣҲĿĺ⡣
ܼӡ⣬ʯ˼ƻֻʱ䣬Σ㶼ĻԼͷӰɣ

ǣ
ʯ亹乣æ

ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬񶯣Ÿ롢ࡢӥȸӶзɳһҲѸٴȥ


ণ
ǧ׵ĸ߿Уһļণһֻ˶ӥֻ߰ӥȸĹ£һһӿбֱ׹žһķϣȻͬݶϵڵϣѪģ
ֻӥϣʮദȸĻ˺ۡ
žણ
ֻգ۵ʱ䣬һֻӥӿ׹
ڹȥʮʱϿյӥȸսûԽҡȸۣΧʦյע⣬ȻһӶվķĳͳǷ˾ȴ
үǳѾɳеӥȸӥѾɳȥˣǶԷȸȴԴԴϣ޼⣬ԷĿƺڷеϢֻҪɳȻͻᱻضϡȥǺ͸طͻȫʧȥϵ
Ժȸվԣգ
Ǵƾʦеĵһսģ֮ʷǰѾ㾡ȫǰĴȴû˿ı䣬Խˡ
վԺһһ˷ڶ𡣶ÿһʱ䣬һֻȸ׹ߡ
΢գ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
׼𣿡
ͻȻ֮䣬忪ڵ
ȸɫһ㵣ڲ䣬ͻȻһ
үһѾ׼׵
δ䣬ԪһУӺ󷽵Ӱ˳ԣһᣬȴַ·˪ӡ
²ã
ȸһܿ˳ôҲû뵽ھеĳ²ãȻͻȻ
һɲǣ·ʲô
׼ɣ
˻֡
ϣһ̣һĽŲУһȫװļʿͻȻ̤ĲЩʿÿһͦΣϣҪǣÿ˼϶һŰ˸ߵĽ󹭡
׼
ų²ֱһӣһһ̣ʮʿȫϥڵأͬʱһץȡ󱳵Ľ󹭣Ȼһץÿٶץ֧һУеĹȫ׼˿ӥȸ
˾񶨸һ
һϵжɴ뻮һһ˰㣬ʾ߳ѵ
ţ
һ£԰ټƵ籼׳磬˲Ϣƿն޾ĸߴ


1745 ɱ뷴ɱ
ã
Զһ󾪻ŵһѾˡ
ণ
ֻһĲҽŷװĹ˲Ϣ䣬ӵȸĻȻһţȸһֻֻĹᴩбֱ׹
飡
ײڶ̶ֻʱڣΧѪ꣬׹ӥȸʬ塣
˲Ϣ䣬ֻһХеӥȸ·ܵ޴Ű㣬ѸߣԶɶȥԭۼϿյȸֻһգۣɢøɸɾ
ү
ս²Ѹǰߵ󣬹
еĵзӥȸѾʱ룬սûнԷһġһΣǽүǲһǧ븮Ļᣬ棬ŶԷ޷ܵ֡һΣԷ׼ضɵøߣҲСģʱǷӵЧҲͷǳˣ
еִ󲿷ֶһǧ׵ĸ߶ȣϣÿΪһﵽǧףҲǷëǡ
²δľеǿ֣Ȼֻмʮȴﵽ˽ӽǧף󣬾ͺѴˡڼУߺԶͬĸͺһ˿úԶȴÿͬĸ߶ȣ
֪ˣˣȥϢɡ
嵭
һȻûܹȫشԷܹһɱٶֻӥȸʼĿѾȫﵽٿʱȸǵѹ
ӣ
ʱ򣬹âһһϮһҹ£Ȱǰϥڵϣɫޱȡ
ʦеǳԷԶǣ⣬ƺһЩе׷ٸ֣ȫ׷ɱǡѾɱȫѻǣǺѼֳá
ȫҹڸǣ¶۾ΧܲҲ㺹죬Ȼһ񶷡
˵ĴǳϿձԷƣʦҲչɱԷƺҪնɱھʦеĶĿȫһա
ˡ
˵ͷɫ򶨣ƺеһжȻأжԲߣ
ֻɽ˵𣿡
˱ҪģҪ󲻸ߣӸﶼ֮Ѿȫϵֻɽֻӵ˶ڵȴӵҲˡ

ֻɽʼжɡ⡭
˶٣žһһ죬ժϵƣ˳ֺܿ˦˹ȥ
ڿʼֻɽ㴦ˡ
ֻɽ齨ĿеľֹϢʵˣԭ֮ĺ˻ǶͻʣʳǸ߾һһӲĶĿ
ڣⳡʷϣʷӰѾԽ˶졣ҪԸ˺սֻٻطֻɽ顣
ǣһȫԸ
ƣһΣΪһ̣ͬȰʧ
²ú͹ܿ뿪һ࣬ȸҲʼٻЩ˵ӥȸʼһһƣһƬæµ
̧ͷֻҹƵʹȥԶԶƻϡ裬ȫûյֺͷԶĵطҲǴŽգûһһƬɱļ
ʦеİҲƺоʲô
Ԫ
ͻȻڵ
ڣ
Ԫܿǰ
żȥһаżϵ£
һ죬ֵȡ׼õż㡣
ǣү
ԪһѸǰĽӹż㣬תȥ
վԺ֮УΧĽһǧٻ
Ϯ̧ͷԶƻԻ͵ĴƻʹĿޱȣһ̣˭Ҳ֪Щʲô

䣡
ҲƬ֮һӻʹŴ󿪣ܼУĽƺƵһĸһ㣬ӻʳг
죡
޴սʹߴ˷ֻգ֮䣬нѸٳ৶ʧ١
͢ʱȫΥն
һ쳹ʦ
ЩӻʹڳĽÿʮһ飬Ѹٷֳǧ飬鲼ʦԭֵľʦʱһƬ壬ֻһյҹɫдԶԶ
ʲô
Ƕһ񷿣һ߰ĴСӴ̽ͷĴ档û˵꣬꣬һӺ󷽴һֻסСͣѸٽ˻
飡
ȴѸٹرգԭŵĵƻҲ۵һˣһƬž
ĽϣȴһƬ֣յԽԽõʯ嶼ڲֻƬ̣һӽӷǰһӶʧԶ
飡
¥ԭŵƻĵطͻȻҲ׷׹ϴš
ʥʼλʮǰǳʦٴӴľʦ˲һƬտ壬طͨעⲻĺڰ֮Уһսչ

Хһų̦ĽǽͷϣâһͻȻ֮һӰЩŵذһҹ£ͬһһеĿⶼͬ޺ݺݵĶŶ档
ԽľǽҹɫУһ˫˫۾ͬǰͬҫţһȺˣųһΣͬнյݺݹƺʱ׼ȥ
սţ˫ţ˭Ҳû˵
ͣ
ͻȻ֮䣬Զһ󹷷͵һ̣Ϊ׵һ׳ͻȻͺһͻȻ֮ڿնԾǽŶɱȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲĽǽͷϣʮҹµһԣͬʱŶӰȥ
ͣ
壬ѪҹУѸٵսһһսʼͺ֮⣬ڰ˭Ҳûз
飡
һмٵ˸ݻдһĻߣһ߾ʬݻϵ£͵ڱʯϣѸٵıñ䣬ѪͬϪڵһƬ
սʼĿ죬ĸ죬ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һбȼ˺ۣվ֮⣬˻Ϊʬ嵹ڵϡ
ಣ
ֻգ۵ʱ䣬Ҵļ˱뿪ʧƬ̣ϵʬҲʧ
˫ƺĳֹ򣬲ôⳡսȥʦеͨˡ
һطսһطսȴŸոտʼ
ಣ
ǶһƬϣâһһӰèֻһԾԾݶϣƶһƬߣûзһţݶϣĿĴܡ
һ̣žһĽ£һƬͻȻѣһֻݶһץס˵Ľסʯ䣬˾һҪԾѣܿ죬һ·Ѹ˵塣
һϸײһȥȻһбûϢ
ܵһҲָ˼ž
ϡǶǱ¥ڰ֮Уɱ뷴ɱÿطͣšҹʦΪսһû̵սÿʱÿ̶ںڰϢʧ
һУȴûбκ˹ע


1746 ʤӣ
תƣգ֮䣬һҹȥϣһյ̨ھȼšȼһҹĬĬȴһҹ
ô
Ų̧ͷ
ⳡսѾڼΪ״̬ĿԷ׷ǾͷӬҲûкʹӶԿʱ
ֻɽѾʱ赲˶ԷĹ˫ˣ⣬Ǳ߻ڵ֣ʦ֧ԮⳡսԶԶûн
ȸż˽ɫƣϢͺĴսһ㡣
ȥһ˵ͬһ֮ҹ
֪ˣ
΢΢һ
һҹȥϢɡ
ǣү
ȸܿ뿪

һ͸ĴӴ޵ķ˿ʱ趯һƬƽĲɱʦָֻ˱ƽû˱ףƽı£ӿͰѾԽĿ񱩡
ѾͲסˣ
һâĴǰվ
ǱƵԽԽɱԽֻ˵һ̵ʱԽԽˡ
գ
ƹߵž޴ɳǰĿ˲ɳϴӵʦĵ·ϡ
ڵɣͥ뾩֮գǴӾ֮ʱ
ɳǰͲţܿƮɢڿС

ͬʱ֮С
£Ǳ˷⵽˺ܴʧһܹһǧٶˣʧܴ󣬲ԷҲʧҲСĿǰΪֹҲٶˡ
⣬ǵõϢѾٻļӣ棬Ӧвٶǵľ˵ʧ֣𶼲Ǻܸߣ׾ܹѵһ
⣬Ѿ´еļĿٻؾʦźǵѹԽԽҪ˼죬ǾͿԽǽɾ
ʯеĸ߾
ҸȨޣΣҪЩĿһĸҰγ
ӳ
ںⳡ֮սУʯʹõǴ˺սƾʮڶ֣ļ˻µļĿ
ܴʧԶԶڶԷʯ˵ģⶼһЩͨļֻҪЩʱͽǮȨջ󣬺׾һ˲˶ˣڶ˵޹ؽҪ
⣬ѾڶԷа˶ĿֻҪٶһʱ䣬Ϳҵڳеĸۼ㣬ԷЩصļ֯ͷĿһ򾡡
ʯ˶٣
ã
ʯ仰һ
ʯ֪һʧģĺϢ
ǣ
ʯæ
ޣ
ʱ򣬹ڴѸ˵ע⣺
ƾʯһ˵ʵӦǱߵһȥ
ǣ
޺빪ں˸Υ

˵ʱͻȻһУֻգ֮䣬һֻӥſ˫ᣬѸٷ
£ţѾԽţͷأ֮ڣɵִﾩʦ
һӹż㣬
仰˶ɫһ䡣
ˣ
һǣϲãֻҪһʮټϺ½Ӧϣһоͻϳ䶨ս֮Ҳ赲ǡ
һҲѾˣ£ȻŽʱԵִǴڿʼ¿ʽټĴˣ
΢΢ףתͷһԵĴӵ
ʮĥһΪӭһ̣׼˼Ϊʱ䣬ΣֻʤܰܣԳ˽ͱľ⣬ʦʵвٴԼѵıЩж̵ĺ
ʱڵټбʱˣ
ţ
ӵ˵ͷժһɫƣǿƴָ߰˴糤ǳءһףöصƣӵС
ȥټǣ빬
ǣ
ܿȥ
뿪֮󲻾ãণĺ࣬ӥӻʹкХһ㣬ķ۶ȥӥȸ֮֮ǰҪ࣬Ҫܼǵأƺ
ڶգ˫֮ȵһոӼңҹ֮İɱͷɱڳǳظݣսȵһոӼҡÿڰĽﶼ˲ϵĵ£ȵףһȥգ֮䣬㵽ĵ졣
鷿ææµµ˽ÿ˶ɫš
үȫѾλһֻүĺ
鷿Ԫɫأǰ
ܺãʱگ
忪ڵ
һĿʼû뿪ǰ̣ǰѾγɺΧ֮ƣѾھԵƣں󷽣һƬҲγһŰĴ
ܴƣԶڶԷϸȥӾһɢڸط˴֮ȴӦһ֮
ȥԴʤڽˣ
忪ڵĿ򶨣ɫݣƺ֮ûʲôԽ
ǣү
Ԫ
⣬飬ڿʼеһ޹أзԱȫԸʵпƻ
˵仰ʱĿ˸һ¡
ıͥѾţͷأܿͻִﾩʦֵ֧ʱ򣬱̫ƽľʦٶȷѪ֮ʱ
ʹеȻҪ˵һЩҲͬҪ֮Ҷ۹˾޴ˣܳĵ۹Ӣûڴˣһ۹ѣȥֹⳡ

Ԫܿ뿪ˣǴȴԶûиԺԾ˵ٶȼתһһϵķȥÿһһӣϵӾһԽԽ룬ҲԽԽΣգһɷ঵ζ
ʱ˿̵ľʦҲһƬŵա
ݣ
һߺУʮϢɱھʦųһӽѸٳ۳ҶֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һƬս۳Ҷÿ϶ɱڡ
ʦصأӽ£ٷ
ǽʱһЩֱߵ̼־Ѿˡֵоȴſȸ򡢻ɶʧÿ˶оʲôȫԼС
һɱɱʱĹȥԽԽŨҡ

֪˶ãھڻһʱʱһӻʹӦʱȴɱƬ̵ʱ䡪
䣡
һľ죬Ⱦ޴ģʮ׸ߵĻʹźȻرաźϵһ̣ͺ뵽һʱһ㣬ʹоģûһϢ
ǽϣȴһ·ӰЩվ棬ɫʦһ



1747 ս1
һװ㼱ٵһӶ·쫷ϯǸʦ
ô£ôôͿʼǻһʱ𣿡
ֱߣһ׷ͯյվһ¥Ķ¥Ȼ˵һ룬㱻һֱֻ˽ȥ
㲻Ҫˣһ
һԴɳƵ洫Ȼһбڼž
飡
ӳǶӳϵǱһһȴϵĹرգҼһŲľʦ֮󣬱һ㡣
ʦǣܣĽĿ䣬ΰѿأһЩؼط˾޴ĳ
Ƿļأڰ谵Ĺâ˸˵ĺâ
ণ
һ߿ļ঴ӻʳϿմʮڸ߿ֻһ·Խعǽִʹʱ˿̣ʹҲࡣ
Ǹ˵ĵӡѾô𣿡
湬УһӰɴ㣬վڹſڣŵλȥ֮жһƬڡ
Ѿĵˣ󹬵ɶо˲ԣϨ˵ƻͬѾߡ̫ڹУĵĽǺͲ
÷ģٴĵӣҲҶ㣡
ǰһۣźɫͷͺһ¸ǽ㣬赲̫ǰ
ڵȣûЦݣҲûǸ뾩ʦģֻ·˪ĥļͺͦΡ
ľûа취𣿡
̫ü
û˵ֻҡҡͷ
ڻʹѾȫڴӵƿ֮£еĽȥ̫̽һΣѾذΧһڣ岽һڣ˸޷ıѾȻңκ˿
ȳĿ⴩͸ڰһ۶ķӥȸ̣źԶܸоһѹĵֻƬ̣ȵĿƿһ
ڣֻܼϣڶˣʦѾûֹܹ˴ˣ
û˱ȸףرΪֹûзΨһ˼ɵĲǱˣǡǡ塣

һҹ湬ǰϵ۶趯ȵĻ̫ҲסˡʱǸдƽסӣֻһûëͷӣһգۣ˭뵽ѾɳΪ۹ս
ϣܹɹɣ
̫а˼ҹƮ˺Զ
ӺǾסĵطԽһǽʱ˿̵ĶȴǵƻͨһƬԻͣĽվ棬ػͭǽһ㡣
ʱ˿̵Ķ֮Уӡ½桢ᡢ׺ݡסʯףͯޡ˶˼Уȫۼһ
ܣӳ˵ϣÿ˵жһɱ
ʱ˿̣еĿⶼһžʦ΢ģϣ鸮̫͵̫һжϡ
¡ִѾ޹ؽҪıͥҲڣҪģֻʣ¾ʦ
һڵؼʱ̣
ʲôʱ֣
ͻȻڵУһֻȻѹ֣л̲ס͸һ˿ȡ
ܿܣչҪôһΪ࣬볾ͬҪôһԾ죬ͬԣΪ۹һΣġӡ
ڵڶ·
ģʲôʱž֮λ
ڻʱ򣡡
ƽֻ˵䣬ŤͷһԵĽʯ
ǵıλ𣿡
ѾȫλʮټϴѵѾȫλֻȴһ¡
ʯ
鵽Ǳߵı𣿡

ûУΪֹǱ߶ǵܼ֮СǳǵֵһǧԼٶʥʹ͵Ľ֮⣬ݽûӦýɢ˳иصĵطѾڸ˹ؿֻҪǿʼټ֪ܵ
ʯ
ⷭ˵ɫ糣ûй˼ͨĶ֣ʯȻǸ߾ӥλҲδ
Ȼû׷鵽ı֮ǰǰմ˵ķԸ˾ʦ֮кйһ޽ˮ·ЩҵǷһЩϢ
ʯ˶٣ŵ
Ϊ¸мĿͷ죬ڶ鲻ĸطصʧְԽʯȻϽֲ
֣ⷢʱ䣬еĸҴ壬Ķ⻤ͻȻ֮䲻֪٣Ƕ˵Щеĸ̶֣ӣȥ˲ŵԼگ˹һһЩеҵϸĵһ£ʱ̶»ҴȻﵽһٶҡ
һٶ粻ȥȥȴƫƫʱжδ̫ˡ
ʯ
˼ЩҶ˱壿
ʲôһٶң
ɫ΢еΡ
ûʲôֵģֻϵʼʩˣ
ʱ򣬹˶
һɲǼ䣬˶ʱʲôһɫʱѿޱȣӶ΢΢ɫ
֮ս϶ҰܣľӰ·ϱ˻۹޲ߣ˶ֲ̿£ĶҴ壬ЩҴдһǧټһЩӶӱһ·ǧﱼϮ׳١
ʦ˲֪һʱΪ̸
Щ˶ˣ
΢۾˭Ҳʲô
ÿҶٲһƽԼʮҡ
ʯ
󾫶࣬ճ͢Ĺأÿң鼶ϵߣ໿һˡÿҽʮˣֻȡһ֣ܹǧˡ⣬ҪûǴĻ֮սһǧȸֽ͸ҽףܹɹսһǧȸֽҲԼȫ˸ҡ
ˣ
仰ɫ䣬ȸķ½֪˹³ľһս¡
ʹõЩëϷɱ˵ȸֽҲ֪֮
ͿʼƾʦţΪľǷֹ彫ıУȸֽѲ֮ءȻڶѾȫƿסƣϸռѹԵƣһǧ䱸ȸľӣһоȫͬ
һǧ˵ľӵսƥ˵Ĵˡ
ô
ӵͻȻ˶Ŀɫѿޱȡ
Щ쵰ȻҸԣȱǾ֮λһҪǸۣ
һɲǣɱ糱
һǧȸּʿǧҵĸ֣ټеһǧٶˣԼڰľӣλпһ
ͻȻڵʱϴӵģҲֻˡ
ǰҪֱоӣֱӹľӻûк£ʦҲֻвǣ
ʱ򣬻ͻȻڵ
ʮټ϶Լ֮ʱܻϵͱͥƾһǧ޷ֵ
ʮ˶ԸһǧˣѹĽ֡
һ˵˴ֻа׺ɫ糣޶ԡ


1748 ս2
Ƴ˻һۣЦЦֻôһ΢Сı飬ʱ࣬ȴһʱ֮벻˵˻
ƴͳ̫Сλˡ֮԰ѱɢڸΪ˵ж¶ֻǶˣź˳ټĴ빬⣬ҪˣǵĿĴɱ
еĳɫһҲʱӦ֮ԾۼΪһ壬Ŀ껹̫еλֻҪܹɹ£˳ϻλΪƵ»ʣҲҪ׳Ƴ
иԸǲԸʱûѡ
Զֻ֮ߣҲ˵ʦôİտţڴպͳξǺ¡ΧҲһס塣
˶Լ࣬æսͣһֶҶ˵ˡ
ʯܼһҺ£

ǣ
ʯæ

˵ʱͻȻһ˽
£ӣӵ
ʲô
仰˫һ񣬶ڣҲǴϲ
袣ǻѪÿ˶ܴһ֧һǧľӣմӵ⣬˺ܾ֮ǰı
˵İεжϣ͸ˣ
֣Һˣ
ԶԶ˻ûг֣һĴЦ͸Ŷ˵ĶУֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ӺͶŽɫУһȺ佫ִϵļƬײУ룬֮С
ܣܣˣ
һƬϲãſ˫ۣȳ˹ȥֵ˽ıһ

ͬʱУƻͨͬһƬš
棡ƻһգ뾡취ⳡΣĨɱ
Ժ֮У֮ʯ̶ޱȣļڣѾˣȻʱȴû˿֮ʯѣʵϣѾӵϢĴͻִУǳҵ֮ұضڽա
ǵôˣ
嶢ǰ̣ͷҲص
үѾȫλһо͵ү
Ԫ
ֻ΢΢˵ͷûж˵ʲôĿ⿴̣ĺݺύѾһŴɱΣķ᧿Σ
ণ
ҹɫУһӥȸ߿ļХϿҹɫرĿ
ʱ䣬ӥȸȥҴﵽ˶壬ӥȸգϿգϿռȫ
ʱ˿̣ѾϾȥ˼Щˡ
ȸأ
ͻȻڵ
ȸӥСӵȫ
һԵǵ仰˵ÿжġ
ս֮УĿ鱨ͼһУ˽ԵģԶһսӰҪö࣬ûбݵ͹ͨʽ˺ⳡսεȼѡ
ûӥȸԮֻͨϢķʽΪԭʼЧʵ£ҪǣеļĿȫˣﵽ󣬺εĵز£ÿһϢġ
⣬ȸոմϢӺѾ빬ˡ
һ䣬ڵնʱԽѹ֣ÿ˵ҲԽӳء
ܶ浽Ϊֹ״̬ÿ˶ŵһΣյϢ籩ѾԽԽˡ
⣬ո뽹κԼʷʷļҾ˵ǽԹ̹£ΪΪɣԼмٹ빬Сһڴ빬ڹѾرգǶûл
Ԫⷬһ
ЩĻ죬ͼı췴֮һǿ䣬зԵȫɱ
֮ݱҲǡǡЩٹ١
֮ʵѾѹеٹ٣ϣ屧ȸԭ糯뽹κԼʷ˽ԹΪأԹûٹٲϳܾˡ
Щ͢ҳظ֮ǡǡҲǵĿɾ֮
ҷģһ취ȫǳ
忪ڵ
ǣ
Ԫ
ЩĿٴξ۽ϣһööѻΪıϣòǴڵĴû˱ףһϵ죬ǵĿǰΪֹʦأ֮и⣬岻òġ
ǾǶ׻ʲôʱʼж
ʮʱվڶһߣȨҲУǵĿǰΪֹѾԼҪǱߵΪֹûзңʣһڵȴʱ
ڴ֮ǰ弴бҲ˿ı֮ϰѱ
⽫ǶȴѾõĻᡣ
ķӦϰģȵʹ֮ıѳɣѶ弴ر׼ãҲ졣
ʱϣֻҪ˿Ĳأͻ֮Ĳͬ۹ˣȫϵԼһ֮䣬ʱ˿̣˿Ĵ⡣
㵽ڵʲôʲôʱ򣬲ʱ
а
ıͥڸʦ·ϣһָоԺԸ񣬿²ȱͥŲȡжϾʮңѾǴˡ
ʱ仺ţھĵģԽԽš


ƮһطңԶУϹܼһۣվڴſڣһؼףںڰеĻͳͳһŵĻȫųɷԴ
ѾϨ˴ĵƻֻԺǽԼſڵȼƻ𣬹âںڰУıȴſʣ˶Դʱ׼ӦʱܵĹ
Ǳôˣ
Ϲܼķ΢Ҳ裬˵ķ򿴹ȥľʦһƬ谵һϢϢ
۹Ҫˣʦٳٶ۵Ҳܸܵһ㡣ֻһǧΪֹûκ춯
ͳ˵д
ڵȴ
ϹܼĬĬ˵ͷٶ̩ɽңܳƷʡ
ӵӵܳɳΪڵĵ۹󽫣ϹܼҼǿһһߵλãΪ۹֧⽫һΪ¡
ⳡңѾΪ۹ֻпˡϣԳɹ
Ϲܼ૵
ͳĬͬʱķ͸һŨŨϣ
ʱһһΣȥʦԽļž塣ԭϡĵƻּ˴룬Խĺڰ
Ȼˣ֮ɱȴ޼ƽĹҲϡࡣ



1749 ɱ֣


һֻŸܿ˶Ĵ֮С
ôˣ
һʵ
£Ǳʱûж
ʯһŸųһ߿˵
ҡҷһƬǴȴ΢΢üͷǱﻹǾʦľӣƿ֮УǶǸҵӣʼźļɵ
Ϊֹչ¶ϵĻֻһǧٸѣǱıΪֹ֪١ʯѾ㾡ȫҲûҵЩӡ
ڴ˵Ǹ޴в
ΪʲôΪʲôǵҪͱԣ
ӽȭݺԼǰϣĶͷɫޱȡ
ʼ޷İ˭Ҳϣھµʱôһء
֣ҿǸô˼ɣûʵܴһ
ʱһбɲﴫһƽսףͻȻݺȭͷ
ܻڣ֣ҿȷʵûҪ̫˼ɡ޵ܼıɢȷˣн塣
۹ΨһвֵģҲֻѣֻҪɵ˭ֹܹ˻֣
ֻҪͬ⣬Ըһͬǰ
ͬһʱ䣬ǰſڵ
λһڣڶʱһƬž
ڣһƬĬôһսɱ˹Ĵڣôӡ˵ô׶Ը⼸춫ôӥȸͶĿûܽµļ˵ˡ
԰ꡣ
ʱһԱߴ˶ӺӣҲתƿڴӵߣֶһƵᡣ
һаţԸֻ谲ĵȴռἴɡ
ⷬȻȻ¶һŷ
ʯʱˣ׼𣿡
ͻȻŤͷһԵĽʯ
ʱж
ʯһݣæͷ
ȥɣ
ֻǰ˰֣㲻ٶ˵

Ƭ֮󣬵廹ڸۡв鿴ʦͼʱ򡪡
¡
ͻȻû˿ףضҡһǿҵӽ´󣬻ݶֻ˲Ϣ䣬Ƭߴݶܻڵҵ÷飬ڶ
ô£
üͷһĴλվ
ȻûӦһ̣¡ĸӦУһɰģԵͻȻ֮ӲԶĵط
ݣ
һã˲Ӵڷֻһգۣ⡣
ǣ
һ̣ǰĳѾ׼ҲΪ֮ݡ
ֻ򣬾ڻʹڵλãҡضһӴģľӻʹ֮г𣬹ͨء
ڻʹϷâۣ¶һɫĸͼ

𶯣ԺмǱܵһͷ
ھʦ˼ʮ꣬ûмʹ䣬Ƕ͸¶ϢȴİǾ󷨵Ϣ
˹Ҳֹܵϵֻ˹صǸġʮɲر󡱺ǰʹеĴȣС׼ף˫ȫͬһ
ʹУ仹ڼ貵Ĺâնճ˰磬ŻʹӴϵתĸ֪УʹڵϢʱڱΣͺһž޴Ļȫһ
ģ⻪ȥʹ˵ĸ֪ҲһƬžͺһһ㡣
ˣ
ͥԺУǡԪȸ˶Żʹķһͣ˵ҲǱģǰһгû֪ʲô
ڿʼˣ
û˱ףʹʱҲǶǱʱᷢҵʱ

ʱ˿̣ʹߵʱûע⵽ڰУһֻŸ봩գ뵽˻ʹϵ֮ۡС
˷һƬž˶ڵȴš
ণ
ڻʹϿգǧ׵ĸ߿֮УһֻСӥſ˫ᣬȴԺƵٶڸ߿мšĿ·һƬ谵Ĵƻʹеһж۵ס
ȻֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Хֻһ׺ݵļণڰУʮֻͽѸٳ˶
ֻֻСӥ˫һߵĵطͬʱһ򳤻̵ļণԶ
һ
ڰУһӥȸӻʹеĸط𣬽ӶĳſǶСӥ˶ȴȫٲͷСӥʼղԸ뿪Ŀһֱ·
꣬ĸצһץһͷֱ۶ϣʧȥͷֱӴ׹
ϣûжע⵽һϢ磬ɽʹһ佫ץ׽ȻһŽٽصǿ£ңңĶ׼˿ֻСӥ
ֻɢϢȻһ֡
䣡
ըѣһʹڵ佫ɿңǸ೤Ĺ۵糸˲Ϣ仮ǧ׵ĸ߿գֱеֻӥȥǵʯ䣬ֻһХֻСӥȻ·Ӧʲôһ㣬һɲ͵ĵת򣬺һۣԺ֮֮յıܹһ

ҹɫ佫վòʱ
ӥеĸ߶ѾԽ̡
һ·Խؿռ䣬ӽ䱸ɭϵĻʹϣھʹǧĵطûжע⵽һݵӰվǵĺڰĬĬš
СɳھͿˣ
ڰУȸԣ˫ŻʹҹգĿǵǡĶĿϢȫڱѹƵ״̬ȸַֻͨʽӥСɳųȥʹϷӡ
ǻ򳤻̵һণӥСɳصϢһʹ䣬СɳٶȰϢأҲĿǰΨһġ
һʹ䣬ʥʳ£Ƕ۹ǻԵѣûܹеֺ
ֻǣȸҲַ֪ͨʽӻʹ׻ֶܼáȥԶԶģʹϷĸ߿У͵ļХһһ󣬶ǱѾ˴ӥȸΧӥСɳϿյӥȸ൱ˣСɳĴ᧿Σ
һȺΧ»ץסСɳ·һ
Ҫʦھͺˣ
ǵصӥȺȸԺвʦӥӡ
ȸлӥȸȫѧʦӥʦһа취߾ӥ
ЩͷԺһӶȸܿع
ȥү˵ʹ֮һаȫǱߵڶûж
ǣ
ȸһܿתҴҶȥ
ҡҷԭһ߶೤ĺ򣬴ʱѾȥ˴أʱδÿȥһ̣ıͥ;Խһ֣ʱ䲻ˡ
״￪ʼ
һźڰݺǰ˫΢գԺд˷ɫء
廹Ǻ˫Ѿ׼ϣÿһ˶ڵȴһû֪ʲô


1750 ҵ
ʶģ˫Ŀһλ۵ǰϣϵһٴκʦغ̫̫͵ţţʹţԼʦţеһдǰӹȻȴʼղҪ졣
̸ʮĹ֮һҲǴս֮һҪҵԶûôס
ȣ̫ԸˣԸУʼǸСǶԵȵĶ֡
֪һǰж
ʱ仺ȥĿⲻϴӹҲԽԽء֪˶ãڤڤУĿӹλõʱͻȻ֮俴ϵһѺӣһ·뵽ʲô

һɲǣԺжһ⡣
ʹûһźڰ֮УҲ޷ܵϢ£嶼޷֪ȷϢǸҪ⵽ļƻϼѡ
Ȼ޷⵽˼ȴһ
֮Ҳֻλ췴ԿƴӣȴƲⳡ֣ζġ
а
ֻҰأԸԸ̶ȣ˿ڹ֮¡˶꣬õ֤ݡҪǣʹֻǺϵӵĻλԸȥʵȴһˡ
֮УΨһ޷Ƶأ䶢Żʹ綢
δȾһҲζⳡ֮Ѿǰʼ
ЩͷԺһӶͷָߵѾ֪ôˡ
߹㣬һ뿪֪ۡͨң
ǣ

ʱ仺ȥҲǰʱ֮󡪡

ңһȻ룬һҴҵ˽һʯ쾪Ϣ
ոյϢѾ뿪ۡǧµıԼһǧܼƽˣֱʹȥ
ʲô

գʱ˿̣ʦǰսգıִ飬׷׾ۼǰڴǰĿѩϴһɫƼУɷ
˶׼𣿡
һƥͨѩ׵ĸͷϣͻȻڵ
£бѾ׼ϣװֻȵµһ
󣬱ԼĻŷ׷׹
ǧñһʱڵһ죡Ŀʹ
ϵһİγңָʹ
𣡡
Ӧһ춯ص
¡
ֻƬ̣һɱڣͬһ㣬ƺƵŻʹӿȥ
ٺ٣ܿܣ֮ҿ˭ֹң
һЦһҲѸٳŻʹȥ

С
үȥƼ죬ıȫھʹֻһ·ˣ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һٴδ뵽˴֮С
һƬţ˶壬ȴ
û˵ֻĿⶢ̣ʯ䣬ͷԺзӵһ̧̣ܿͷĿҲѩޱȡ
Һ׼
¡һźţʦ֮гʱƽһڳ״ơ
ণ
Ƭ֮һ̻гںڰҵըһǣ貵̻˺ԶܿʵϣҹУĵȷȷĿעǸ貵
ԺŽǺսΪźŵʱֻŻΪжźš
ڿʼˣ
貵Ĺâӳ˵ͫУ󣬳ǶϡǱò۵ľ¥УŴ򿪣ԶʮΪλһӰѸţȻ̻ĵطٶȥ
գ
ܼһһһ㣬ںҹ˷ͬһͬٴ뺣һ㣬۶
ʱ˿̣У
ɱ
Ӱͬз˶ΧһڰУ͵͵ӵĶܶ㱻׷˵ڵϣһѪֱ
ӣ
һЩĿӦ죬Ǳܵĸоԣܡ
ȻֻһݵƿһЩ֧һϱڲԫ׷ȥЩ©֮Ѹ䷭ڵء
ǰֻʱ䣬ĸۡΧѸٵİڰУһ߾ߵʬɵڱĵϣһѪϢһнֻ·ѣЩгʼûһЩ
ϣ
ս˻һųУһ籼׳㣬еѸٵʧںҹ֮С

£ոյϢѾ뿪ۡǵķ
Ƭ֮ȸϣһµѸٴִԡ
һɲǣնʱһ
£ǳģ
ͻȻڵ
ô죬Ǽǰ˻ظУ
ٺٺ٣ʲô
ԤϣһЦη壺
һʱһʱСֻ֮ѵܺ࿹ⲻɣȫǰʹ
ϣ
䣬һĹ⻷ɢѸɢ¡
˶֪ѱ±ӣܶȴҲһ֣
ݣ
һڹ⻷ļӳ£ƺƵĸٶȻθһأû۷ٳŻʹȥ
󷽣˷׶սӸƾ۶
ȫǰ
ҹɫ֮УڰڱϣĿδ䣬ϣ𶯣һģ˼Ĺ⻷籩·
κεĹ⻷Ȼͬһ⻷䷶ΧþˣֻâһĹ⻷ͬ˰һ·ɢǳأʦ
¡
𶯣õĹ⻷ӳ֣˷һӾʦطıʱֻһᣬŻʹٶ֧ľʱԽԽ
ণ
ҹһ쳹ûжע⵽˳׷ȥʱһֻצĺĿһֱע·
˫͵һȣɲǼ䣬ٶȼѸӹΡȻʵĹǽһ·ؿռ䣬ɽ˶֮С
ˣıˣ뿪֮ۡĿʼټ
ڣ׷ᣬʹҲֻСյʱˣ
ʯոյϢǰڹǰ
ˣ
ʯĻڣ׷˹һĿ⾪̾ѡ
˵һܹ˶óϷѵĻôҲֻǰĹˣӺӿĿҲǲ˼顣
Ǻ͹Ӵ٣ǴľƷչȻû뿪еľȻƿ֮УһҲȫ˵ڷչ


1751 ı1
ǺǣǸ̫ˣҪϹףΨһõģҲֻѣ
ȻһЦ̾ĿһȻ
ʱվߣȲˣ֮ڻΪ˵ȴһʱʱһѶȻҲҪ
ǰô
һԣǰ
ʲôѾãֻϹѡ
΢΢һЦһ˵ţһּһöӣһϡ
һ̶ƺ΢΢һ¡

ţ
ٶȱĶҪöֻ࣬Ƭ̵ʱ䣬Žִ˻ʹſڡ¡һ죬Ŵ󿪣һıƺƵһɺ㣬Ѹٳ˻ʹ֮С
䣡
󣬾޴ĻʹźһرգĽҲͬţ뺣㣬ʹУʧ١֮еһбȻûκεϢ

үıѾ빬
಻Զĵطսգǧٿһٲһŵ
ҹУһɽŵա
Хû˵ֻǻ˻֣
ĿֻңңԶĴƻʹ
ǰƻʹΡȻʣҹɫ̶װ㣬ʦ
ĽǶȿȥѾˡ
ʱȣܵıڲϵĻ۶ǰԺ˲Ϣ䣬ͷ
ڸողãϵһϢҲʧˡ
ΪҪеһж˿Ϸ죬ܳκһ˿
ͣ
ھʹʮɵʱͻȻֱһ٣ɼ˲Ϣͣ
ү
һȺ˷׷壬Ǵ㵡
ȸСɳǱôˣʹ֮пж
ͻȻŤͷһԵȸ
ȸɫأ˼Ѹ̧ͷʹϷҹϸ
ҹǧ׵ĸ߿Уһ󺣶ĽһƬȫʲôǲ֪˶á
ণ
ͻȻ̴ٵļХҹдȻͬ
ûУΪֹʹлû˿Ķ
ȸһæعͷ
һɲǣüͷݺš


һҹա
£ͻȻͣˣ
һæ˽
˲Ϣ䣬һƬžһ˵
⡭ôѵʲô
һ鲻ѣһ·׷ʹҲͰˣƫƫڻʹǰͣɲ˶룬ϾԵĿǴʷս
ʯ㻹ûнֻӥ𣿡
ͻȻ뵽ʲôüͷ壬һԵĽʯ
ϢŭѾȫԸһͿֻӥˡ
ʯͷ
УֻӥΪ񣬼ڶжԸ߾ӥԾӵĽʯ˵Ǵ̶ļХÿһǶķ̡
Ǻǣ²صġ
ʱһݵ˶𡣹ڴ룬һƵᣬһ˫ĿǣƺѿһУ
ııѾУֻû֣ɻǲɣû̫ѡ񡣡
Ѿ빬ֹǰظǾͿԱΪ棬ΪʵֱӾ¡սϣֻҪϺ壬ⳡѾʧܡ
һ΢ЦΪһǽһͳ˧ҪľǾʤǧֹԼҪԷֹڣҪδ
ⳡսһʼѾˡ
ףˣ֪Ƶ˽ҹʹʲôУӦñҸװɣ
˵ţŤͷͻȻףͯ
ɵն壡
ףͯһݣæͷ
һһУҹʹӶˣ˵Ǵˡ
ǰǺˣ·һͿôˡ
һ˵ţһߴλվ
ߣҲȥɣ˳һ̣
һ䣬ȥһݶ˸
Զĵģһ¸߸ߵĹǽȾ޴ͭţָ˶ĬĬȴš
£᲻оʲôˣ
Ÿԣһ佫ʵ빬ŹرѾһˣǵΪֹһ㶯ͺ˶ʧ˰㡣
İɣһģ
Цһϣһץһ߰˰֡
ҪǲǾֱɱʹҡ
ƳһԶĹţЦ
ҿǻһͨ
֮ȹŲûֻ΢΢պϣһƾƿ
壬㲻Ǻ𣿱͵
ƺӦڶݵĳ֮ԭžҹɫУͻȻһ󼱴ٵ纣㣬Źų
¡
·ֻһɲǣֺֻͣһ죬صĹţһӴȻⲿ忪
һ̣ĿУһϤӰȻ忪ţʮƥǵӰĿһǵЦȥн͸һ׺ɫ
壬˽ҹʹͼı죬ˣҰ£
һıգƼžһĴεĵط̶
ͬһʱ䣬ĳźŰ㣬ʯ쾪빬У߰ʮ׺˷󣬳ǧı糱Ĺǽ˰
ֻ˲Ϣ䣬ıذΧ
ү
ͬʱһʧɫһԲȦ屣
ôĵӣ
ʱһ¡¡ף͵ը硣ʱΨһܱ򶨵ģҲֻˡĿһתֱԶ
壬ʱˣ㻹ҪѼӲ𣿵㻹ΪˣҰ£
һ̣еݣһϦ֮価³
ԴС֪ôͻȻתӣʼûһǡǡ෴ΪôףȴϣһٵͷܾܣΪҰЦ˵ֱܴ衣
Ϊǰܴ̫࣬볯֪֮࣬Ҳô˵ˣܶʱΪ˱ֱӲμӳ͢
һԸڳҰη˵й
ΪˣΪ˵ȴʱڣڵԼüһѩǰܵĻᡣ
¡
˷˸ɷӿ
˭Ҷ֣
ʱһȣ׹һƥȻ̺һĪϣ˷̹ıȻһֹ
췴𣿣
˵ӰڴƣһϵлԻսھ֮ӵĪӰЩеĸ֣߸ϵսҲӵһֱܵη塣
壬ɲҪ˵˵
ϣ˫ſһЦ
˶㲻Ϊ֮ҹǿʹʵڣ㻹ҽƱ𣿡
˵˽Դµıǿʹͼ죬үΪֹŸϹģ˶֪췴㣡
Ļһ̲ס


1752 ı2
סڣС䣬ǰҲ˵ķݣ
죬ʱɫһ纮˪
ʲôݣҲʸү˵𣿡
ߣһɫĻţŸ͵
⣬ٺ٣ֻ۾µıˣ
壬㿴ϸˣȫǽʱµıǿʹˣ
ʱҲһЦڵ
ʦ֮дԣ˰бͼ죬ʥʰΣڴˣ׼һ£ϵ壬Ȼ㣡
˵һ䣬ָһ죬Ȼָ˶塣
ˣ
Ļԣ˲ɫʹſһƬ谵ֻһشϡĹǽͷҡҷʱŻѵĹâ˿ңһȻȫĶǽס
ʱ˿̣˵ֻнûʲôµ
⡭
һɲǣ˵ɫ׷ױò԰ޱȣʣһȦףүµȦס
µıǵע⣬ǽʹ֮ȫϽףʹ֮ĹϵҪŪЩףȫ練ơ
ȵ̤빬вͻȻɱѾ·ӡ
ߣ壬ˣ
ЦĿһˡ
ܿܣǿʳʤߣ
һֱ̫Сˣж׼Զеĳ֣̤ʹеһԼҾעҪѣ֮أ
ˣ
ֱһ٣Ҫٴ塣ȻʱһģϤڶ
տƾ˵ıʲôʱʮ˾͸ıģ
ʱڿ˵ˣ
ң⹬ҲȴɣȻԴ빬У׽ҵı֮ͽȻҲӦԼһЭ£ЩҲȻֻµġ
侲һͷβȫףƾûֱ£ʣں̵ƾս
ֻΪͿ԰£һ㣡
տڰ˵ı棬ȻҲ˵Ҫ췴Ҳܺ˵ʲôƾԸҵĻ»һ㡣ϾڳҰɲ̫ã
һ仰ǼͺϷȷʵƯȻ׶װˣôͻˣվƾκβ
Ǻǣ
ЦһǰһѲô˵ӡ
壬Ϊֻʮƥ𣬱֪ô
ڰУ壬¶һ˿ܵЦݡ
һֱ̣вʱһͦȻθ˼ȣ
壬ʥϴ㲻ȻĻϲ⣬ͼı췴ҹʹɱо㣬ҲĲ㣡
ָ壬һļߡ
ô£
һĻͻ˭Ҳ֪ʲôⷬǰ仯Ҳ̫ˡȻ˻һƬԻʱ򡪡
꣡
𺳵ĿУϷλΧһԲΧһ̣Ѫһһ͸׵ķ϶ǵĺ󱳴룬ǰ͸Ѫӿ¶ȾѪ졣
ô
׷ʲô
۾ͷǸԸģôҲû뵽ĹȻ󣬶˴벻ķʽ
飬һ飬գ֮䣬ЩʿӲľ׮һ㣬ֱͦͦĵڵϣѪ
ֱһ̣ǶΪʲôҪɱǡ

һĻ˵ˣ嶼¶һ˿𶯵ɫôû뵽Ȼ˺ݶȻԼҲ֡
壬㻹˵տƾʥ϶Ҳ벻ҰģȻ飬Ǳʱϵ֪ʲôӣҲ֪Ҫ˶ˣ
ҡҡͷ壬һʧӡ
ʹǰĵģת˲䣬һغ˷ȴһĮʼ޶ԣȻǰһĻԤϡ
ˣ˸㣬ЩɶĽº׷飬ҲڽĻҵǵ֡壬Ŀɲԩ
һ˵ţһ߲˲˫֣·ҪȥǲڵѪ
ǻŸʲô£
¡¡
һ£˷һﲻٳɣһ׷׳̶ȥƺޱȡ
壬ҪͼӵʹʱѾҺķݣ㲻͸־ܣ
ıһ㣬ʹϷص
ȻѾס棬Ƕ壬кļɵ¼Ȼܺ۴ƽ֣϶Ķ֣˺ӡһҪӣ治һס
𣿡
˵ʱʱ죬˹ȥʱһʵ˶߻졣
˵ĿУͦŶͻȻ¶һ˿Цݡ
һ̣˲˼ĿУͻȻͬһĭ˲ŤʧԭϵĿףʧȥ֧ţ¡һ׹׹ڳ֮С
ã
һɫ˲䣬˲һּ䲻ĸо
һֱ壬ֻôҲû뵽Ȼᷢı仯
ĸоѾܿˣ˵㡣
¡
û˷Ӧ𶯣أոձϵľ޴ţͻȻһֲľȻƿ䣬Ŵ󿪣һɰľ·һ㣬Ÿ׷ɡ
ڳĹſڣһӰƽؼףɢɽʹһĿֲϢĴӹ˽󣬳ǧɱڣͬˮӿ
壿
ǵƽУӰ˻Ĳ˼顣
ô£
ǰһĻѾȫԽ˵֪˭Ҳû뵽ոջǰ壬һգ˲ʧ٣ٳֵʱ򣬾Ȼڹ֮⡣
ⲻܣ
˲Ϣľޱ䣬ػʼϲΪôȻȫûп֮ǰǻӰ
˽Դҹʹɱ¾õ
Ŀ磬ɫÿһ̤֮أһɰƴϱ
ϣ£ս׷׾˻ȥ
ߣ
ֻҴ˼һһԶңңһ㣬һöĴָС·һѪɫӴԶǸƿն˲ûС
飡
ħһߣһɡ̫Сˣ֣빬ֻϧ׼ö飬Ը˵ķ
ǱϣΪߵľǿߣҪǾ£Ǿ鲻ͬеǿעϢǿȣ˿֮£ķ֮Ϣϸֱ治


1753 һͿأ
Ĳ˵ʱļľûǸ£Էֱеϸ΢
ֻһöССľ飬Ͱ׵Ū֮䡣
壬ǽթٴֶΣƾһϯΪĻ𣿱㣬ʱٶͼı췴ЩҲɱģҿ˭˵
ҧгݣŭܣʣˣһͨΪκε쿪

ϵһңָ壬ŭ첻һҪɱ塣
ңƾһ֮ĿԶµסڿ𣿡
ʱһϵȻͻȻӹ⴫δ䣬ŴֿʮĻ£һ鲾ëʣĳŻʹ
ɫ䣬һ˫ĶŶϵͬһ㣬ĿɱˣѾˡ
ã
ǵϵӰͫһͺһôû뵽ֵļսȻῴ뿴ˡ
ٹУ˵һԸģǾǴʱ˿̵ˡȻ޸֮ȴٹٶɵݣ̫ʷ٣
ıдĶһһ䣬ǰ϶ʵɿʷʵ޷ġ
֮ǰ˵տƾ˵Ļûţ֤Ҳֻ·һ
Ұ»˻Ļ˻һʷٵĻ
ǣû뵽ɣ
ȻһЦһ֣վˣ
ˣ˸㣬֮ǰڹⲢԥòýѸߣж㣬ܲ۳Ͷ٣صصˣ
쵰
һ仰ݺݵȭͷ۾һƬѪ죺
һҪʬΣ
ûץסİѱѾҪˣһֻҪ
ɱȫϣɱ
һɲǣŭɫޱȡ
ϣǸϣ
ɱһĺɱУеĴ˲Źſڵ˳ɱ
ߣã
Ц췴֤ȷ䣬ϵЩʬõ֤ݡ
ʱ˿̣ѾòŶˡ
䣡
âһ˲εض

н죬˵ĿУһһ޴Բڰ֮У˫֮ϡ
ˣ
ֱֻһ죬ָһץɲǼؼɳʯΪģԲһӴȻֻͣһ󾪽ΧеıȫһӴ𣬷׷ɿȥ
ͬʱ磬ֱԶ


һŭХУ趯ִϳȳȥ
壬㴦ͱԣΣҪ
ͬһʱ䣬ҧгݣĿӿޱȵĹâһΣڱ󣬳һɱȥ
£
ͬʱʿڿն𣬳ȥ
ʱ˿̣ûжע⵽ԶһӰŽɫۣڻʹĬĬһС
ʧˡ
һǽϣҡҡͷʧжڴֻû뵽ʧˡ

˵ʱһֻӥ˫ᣬͻȻ¡
£ոյϢ󽫾ıͥѾԽţɽȫŻʹԤưʱִܵ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ˷ޱȵӺڰдʯеżϲԽ
ߣڿ쵽𣡡
Цһܿתͷ
߹ʱѵжɣ
һ˵ţһ̨ȥ

ʯһסˣ
ǵ£
ǱȥɣѾȲˣ
ڰУӵޱȣȥԶ
ԶǰĺɱϣֻǶڴ˵Ѿȫˡ

䣡
âƺƣɳʯʹǰսԶĿĶࡣ
Ǭ
һģɲǼ䣬ذһɿµգ˲ߵ䣬һըҽУϺһµĸ׻׷ױɿֲɳȥ
΢ʵǰЩ˻̫ˣԸϣûʹȫʵ
ˣ
âһУһɱָֻ֮һ죬˲ǰǯָһסĲ˿С
쵰Ǿģ壬б¾ɱ˱
Ҫƣ˸ãˣɫһ˫ĿݺݵĶ壬ƺ޲ýһ㡣
ȻܣҪ䣬Ǿܵģ
𣿶һ㻹ΪҲɱ𣿡
ЦƾڵΪԼɱɱһ
ˣ
ָһգҪ֣һͻ𡪡
¡¡
û˿ףͻȻ֮ضҡʹȻͬһʱ䣬ʹɱ죬һ
ণ
ͬʱһ߿ļХԶҹδ䣬һͷӥ߷ݰӸ߿һ·׹
Сɳ
ȺУȸһĻһ˿еɫȻ룬ȸתһΣķӶȥ
үոյϢǱ߶ˣ
ȸǿʹ
壬㲻Ҫ̫⣬ⳡս㻹ûӮȵӹ֮ʱһҷ֮ʱ㣡
ȸĻָʹĺɱ裬˷ЦĿⶢ壬Ǽ
ӮԼΣⳡϷڲŸոտʼֻǿջϲһѡ
Ҳûйϵˣ
ɫһ䣬ָȻһգͰ˹ȥ
ѰܣΥ
תлԵ߸߾
һɲǣĿɢһɺ˵ƣӴϢǰÿ˶һϰСĸо
΢ĿֲϢ

Χɴڹſڼսһ̣һϵɫ԰ף׷׷һ׹ڵϣϵ
²ˣȻҲûս־
ԪˣѾסѨȥϼӿܡ

ϾǻףµӦý˸ʥʲþΪɱδ̫ˡ
ǣү
Ԫ
Ԫתͷ˻ʹܣɱ졣
һǣɫޱȡ


1754 žѻף
֮ҡڿʼˣ
Ժӹһͷܳɹǰǧ±ټԼܼһҵڴյı˵أѹԵơ
ţĻ죬ҹңͼı췴Ǹһңմһɴ
Źǰһϵѹѹһɹɰɱڱ
ص䡱ڵĴѾ˼ΪҪĹͷִԲҪңĴ

һɴĸ֣һɫ԰ףǱΪѸǿʹҪ췴
ѾܣǰվŵǴﻹҼ
Ը
Ը
һ˲䣬ǰѹѹһƬ˷׷׹ȥ
忴һĻĵ˵ͷմӳе˽ܳһǧĴټ˲ٱҲز״̬´ȨܹշıǰĴкܴİ
ৣ
ʱͻȻһƿһŤͷȥֻͻȻ´ĳԶȥ
ϣǻ뷴𣿡
ȵɱ糱
ڵʵ֯е츮ܹܣ˵ϡ
ˣ
о˲Լһɫ˲ò԰ޱȡ
Ը£һɱƽѣʥʣ
æתӲ
ʶֲʵﻹҺԣʱܣض·һ
Ը͵һɱƽѣʥʣ
صıҲͶһɲǣһϵıж־׷׸ų
ı˴ʱҲӦҪӹ˽٣Ψһİ취¾һƽѡ
ǣЩ˽㣬ѡǧʵǿı뵽Ǿ֮УǧعţһùŹرգǧֳ飬ǰʦƽѣά򡣡
󾫲࣬¾󲿷ֶµıսõģ²ᳬǧˡҪǣû˱ףһʦңĵطǻʹǻʹ֮Ľ֮С
һ۹ңĻС֮ͽƶھг˻٣һͷҾͻܿɢʱʦΪһƬ֮أǲĵġ
үеıѾϣүָʾ
ҲƬ̣һʮ㣬ͻȻŤͷһ۾ͿһӰֱͦĿѩһ𾴵ĿԼ
裡
ǾһܳĵӣӾʦҴе빬ԸҲǵı
ȻᣬȴżΪĲܣȻûȸԪôҲûôо飬ȴִκٶɡ
ɣ
һ£Ŀǰԥ´˽٣ʱÿȥһ̣ʥʵĴΣһ֡
¡¡
ֳܿɣһǰʦάһɰعţһ̫ķ
ҹУս˻ڶʱߵѾﵽ˰ǧˡ
ɱ
ڰУʹɱ󣬻ܣΧıҲ۵糸Լٶȣȥ
һɽŵա
ȸӥȸ۸ʲôĴۣһҪʹĶҪȷʥʵİΣ
㣬ǿбƣеӥȸȸУͷֻɽԼˣսϢݣ
ǣԪǸͳʱ䱸⣬׼󣡡
ں̫ʱ׼Һ£

Хսϣ۵糸һ·عǽԶ۶ȥͬһʱ䣬һϴзȥÿһ뿪УѸȥ
ɱ
ڷʱͻȻ֮䣬ǰضҡԭһžĵط죬ս˻ɴҵĽսһ

ҲͬʱһＲ۶
үǰѻǽս
ʹǴȨģ̫ʥӣӹŹȥһ·عؿ
ҪıǬţźţҪǰ̫ͱͨš
ȻǬţŻţȫխرأһ򵱹ĪҪͨ䲻ס

ҲʱӿһХ֮УԶԶĴһЦ
º͹֮ĳڴ˵Ⱥʱˣ
𶯣һɽʹ󺣰ĿϢɫһŤͷȥֻԶԶģһϤӰؼףֳֳվһʮ׵Ĺǽϡ
ΧܣһʵǿĽлҹǽͷһȫװֳǿ׼˹ǽ⡣
ף
ͫһ˲˳ΨһһûϳģȴҲһͶӵģ嶼ûϵ֮еš
䣡
߸ߵĹǽϣһЦͬʱѸٵĻֱۣһ̣ļ˲䱩¡

ɲǼ䣬ǽ£Ѫ䣬ҽ֮ڶ֪˵ֵļ֮С
һĻ˲ɫ

ʱ˿̣ʹ
ɱ
ҹ֮УܣطܵĻ棬¡¡У֪ٱڳŻʹɱȥ
ӳУճĶһ׶ӣɱ
췴ˣ췴ˣôң
Ǵӣ벻ĸҸɳ֮£
ô죬ڻʹѾȫˣǸô죡
ҿöˣϽرܣ

Ȼҹʱ֣֮ж˯⣬ʦеѲԣĺɱǽĺ˯оѡ
һŮ̫ڴһţĻ̿־塣
ʢʮ꣬ʹΪɭϵĵط˭Ҳû뵽Ȼᷢ顣
̫ˣ᲻Σգ
һ־־壬ȻûǶ룬һص㽫Ƭ󹬰Χ
λڻʹϣϣλﶼԼķҪ߶ΥͲҪ²ˣ
һ׵ڵ͸źʹ̨ķ϶ֻ浶һɲǼ䣬еԼŮ̫࣬ɫɷޱȡ
ʱ湬УĺɱԼ治ϱƽĺɱ춯̫һɫĹȹѩ滺˳


1755 ʥӪ
ɫ򶨣Ĵݣȫ˿η֮ɫ
ÿһ죬˻ʹҲԹŴδ˵Ҫرҳӣ
̫ɫȻһŴʯߵ˵⡣
ɰǼȻ췴Ѿǲ˳ӵıˣǧ򲻿£ūһɣ
󣬼湬ĹŮҪֹ̫ȴȫˡ
ǲȰˣǴƵʥʣǧŵĵӣζЩҳǰ˱µ
̫һɫžϣȫһ˿һη塣
ϣ
ʣգͬʱһе̫¡
⣬ıӵ湬ŰΧΪ׵ĺȻֳе佫
ҵֻǷ£ðﲻҪҵΪѣ
ϣ佫
ۿ̫ȫûлرܵ˼Ҫǰȥһ̣佫еĳһ̫һģ̫ǰһڣʲôҲ֪ˡ
£
佫һӣһ̣ıӵ

ʹ
ণ
ҹ֮Уһֻ޴ĺչ˫ᣬͬһ㣬и
ϣںɹͬʱһ£ıִ̣˲뵽˽С
£ͳͳ£
ҵ𣿡
ԣӲڹУ

һԶĽдǺܿ죬ƺĿ겻ڣһƬҡ
ʱ˿̣༫Զһطûжע⵽һӰŽĿףվڸ߸ߵĹǽϣںڰУĬĬؿһĻ
£˵ûڽˣ
ХվԣԶĴҲѣ
գҺǰ׼ת˵طҪȻôӵˣ
һֱǴӵжд̣û˱Ҹףôӵ֣һɡС󣬴ӷ̫İɱˣȨֵ֮ܣߵһΪס
û˵ĿԶڷ಻ڹ֮ЩѾʼĹˡ
£ѾȫˣǸϽ뿪ɣ
ҿڵȶ׼һ׽ףҶ⣬ڻʹ֮һƬңǽ˻Ҫ뿪Ǻѡ
վǽͷϣû˵д˷˭Ҳ֪ʲô
壬жٱ
ͻȻڵ

ⷬͻһΪ⣬ˣһǱܵĻش
ڴԼǧң
Ϊӣ౾ͿԻһǧ˽Ϊ˷ӣܾ֮ǰͿʼڽ֮УԼ
ʹңȻҲе˽еıټ˹ǧִ࣬Уˮн̫ãѾһԱ֮ˡ
û˵תͷ̫ķ
ܣɱ쳹أ֪˶ٱҵ㼯
ʹ֮ΣأӵıĴѰԼʱĵģȴԼİΣ
ʡ
ڵͫϣӳԶ̫ǵǣֻƬ̣
ᣬһɱ̫
£
ⷬҴһ˶ˣһץס࣬ҡͷ
򲻿ɰڴӵƣʮҳиҪȫĿ֮СƾǼʯͷѰ·֮ǸϽ뿪ʹʵͬʱٸصıһ
ɽڣûհ
Ȼ̰ȴΪԼǰľƣҲ֮ʱ
壬㲻ȰңΣ֮ʱʱ֮ˣֻԼΪӣΣҶ뿪
˵仰ϵһγȻȻԾ¹ǽ
£ȵȣ
ɫ䣬æķ׷˹ȥ

ͬʱʹ֮Уƻͨ
£ˣǵıһ·ǰѾɹռ⣬ǻռźͳţʥӪҲѾĿǰǵںǼս
ʥӪֲֵ࣬ܵʮΪԭǵıȫӿȥ»Ҫһʱܹ̫
һͳ죬ڵϹǺл졣
ʥӪ
ʹ֮Уı֣ǵѵӪλ̫Ա
Թʥӵ̫ǻʹ֮ĵطǽǴ󳼶ԽΨʥӪ⡣
ǱΪʥʵұۣʥߵһҲΨǲ̫ԱӪأΪԼѵ
ʥӪӵȨǿɴӽг֣ҽе飬һʥӪ͵ںԭ룬Ӵ˲ܺͼκϵ
ʥӪԳϵǵѵͽμƽ޽
⣬κδ󳼰ӣܺʥӪκϵܿ
κͼӽʥӪľٶᱻΪΪ죬һϳͣ˸á
ʥӪչؼΪϿʵǿ󣬱ԶԶԽҪʥʾҳϣΪԭʥӪֲֻܹ࣬аǧˣҲΪˣʥӪ˼ҳϣܱѡ
ԣӴһʼͷʥӪĴ㡣
һν̫ϰǧѵأʵߵʥ
ŻҪã
ʱһһԵףͯǰڵ
ûлͷ췴һɹʡ
˵ӷҵһÿ˵Դ˵ϣʱÿһ̣˵Դ뵶ڽһ֡
ֻսپɱ̫Уӵӵϻλһݡ
ʥӪĵֿǳңԤơҪʱҡ
ڵϵ
̫ˣҸһ㣨ʮӣʱ䣬ζҪ̫
վ
ǣ
һ˲䣬ͷ亹ˣֻҧӦ
ɽʱҲɲǷˡ
ǴˣǱѾɱˣǵٶȣǿûһʱ䣡
ʱǰһڵ
ʹ˫µͺųµһ籼׳磬ӹŵ̫¶ò̫ʱ䡣
ңƽǱ߿µס
һ仰˵еǡ
ǽͳ֮һʵ֮ǿӹɣԵȴƬ½ܳսԻ׵ʵºѵֵס壡
Ǻǡ
ֻǵһЦ
ģһţңҲ׼һݴ
˵һ䣬һŵķ⡣



1756 ʮħ
ţ߸ߵĹǽ¡
֣׼
䣡
һ£ǽͷϵļ꣬²Լʮ֣һ̣ļϳۣڱĺУŸ߸ǽͷĻ׵˷۵糸ȥһĻǽͷϻȴֻǵȻһЦ
䣡
һ̣˵ĿУ˲˼鷢ˡ
ھǽͷߵĵطŤâһһ޴ģŵĵɫƾո֣ǽͷһڹϣһɹεȻƫת
ֻ꣬һ԰ټƵĳȫڿжϳأ˲ʧ٣һؼ˶ûе
еһоͺûзһ
⣬ôܣ
һ̣²öסˡĿ۾ܴ֮УжϳԷص׼ȷλãһǼ鷢⼸û䵽ףƾʧˡ
ûз
²ÿȷ̻ûжһ£ûʹκεľ
󷨣
忴һĻһֻ׸ոշʲô￪ʼǰһжʼӴ֮Уͺġһ²ЩǱ󷨵ƫת۶ϡ
ͲҪĻƾսѼƻһСʮħ󣬾صΪ׼ġʹɣ
һЦͷվڸ߸ߵĹǽϵһЦ漴˻֣ܵĽ֣׷ȥֻһգۣʧںڰС
¡
ͬʱԭرյġšͻȻȻ𶯣Ⱦ޴Ȼ򿪣źĽսʿƻţһ󷨣һ߼ٵתţһµıɱ
ɱ
ɱ

һɱ춯أֻգ֮䣬˰ҵײһȻѸ˺ɱ
ϣڶѪ罦Уֻ˲Ϣ䣬Ƭ׷ͬľ׮㵹£˵Ѫ
󷽣ֻǿһۣ΢΢ɫ
ӿĽʵֻܹ࣬жٶˣٶһصİ˽󷨣ƾǰխĵΣ
Ȼ¾£˰ǧʱܳ嵽ǰķֻˡ
ֹˣٶÿ˽¶һɫС⻷Щ⻷£Щÿ˵ٶȣݶһأԶԶĽսʱ˵ͬʱΪһ壬ͬһ
£ȻͬеĽʯ㣬ǰסԶԼı
ʮħ󣡡
һɲǼ䣬˵Ļʱʲô
ûʲôħ׿еʮħȻָľǡʮѾʮﲼһʹ󣬽赲⡣
ЩͷԺзӶһ̣о˳Ԫޱȣ
үЩԣ
սôãǵѾ˲٣˺ûмٹ
˳ųԪĿ⿴ȥֻǰɱսǳң̶ʱڣǽ¾͵˴ʬ壬ǡšǰǶٶȴһ󷨣һתһ߽ʶһߺµı˺ɱէһȥԷûгκεļ
ԣ
Ŀһ£
ǵûм٣һֱź󻺻ϵĲ֣
ƺӦǹǽǰսĶٶ󷽣¡һ죬ıִȫװˮһ㣬䵽˽֮У̺޼ϡ
͸Ĵţš棬飬ãã޼ʣȻվһı
һɲǼ䣬һĶʱˮס
ʹܹ֮ʮԶΪһ飬һ˽󷨣ܹԹٸС顣
һһƾŹؿصխΣǰͺ̡Щ󷨼ӳ±ֵʵֻıҪ嵽̫ȥңңڡ
ʯ䣬ЩͷԺһӶĿһܻؾ͹׼󷨵ΣԹ֪
飬ʸΣ׼
䣡
𶯣ͬһʱ䣬һɹƳ𡣾ڴ󷽣һԭɢڸıͻȻѸټᣬ˵ĿУѸټɷΡϣʣۼֱָ֣գһǣ˸ĺ⣬ضΪ֮ž
ȸ֣ȸ
һɲǼ䣬Զԭͬʯ㣬᲻ɴݣبڡšǰĶͻȻһƬɧңûԭ򶨺ʹݡȻĿǰΪֹڳΣبǰ赲ס˵ȥ·
ΪֹɳĻǴӸҴʱľ񣬲ԼĲӡ˶֪ҲļɵģЩװȸ׵Ĳӡ
䣡
һڶݵļž֮һǧֳȸֳͻȻųɷʸΣǧһյУǰĶɱȥһɲǣضҵ
¡¡
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬صײһû˿һǵײֻ֪ƥľǶڲϣս˻˸ĺУһȸֵգϣѪ䣬һͷ­ŷգصĽһǰҲֽһ㣬ɵľͱ˺롣
ͣ
ڰУһһȸֽڡšǰĹе֮ͬǰ罸ʯһ㣬بǰԽٱͬոĵݰ׷׵¡
һǧҴټĶ˽ÿһҪѴʽ𣬵ʵ֮ҪߣҴҲ࣬ÿҲֻҡټ֮սȸֽսֲ
飡
ڰУһ߾ʬͬľ׮㵹£ɵ󷨣һǧȸﲿӵĳ£䣬ɾֻƬ̵ʱ䣬šǰûһվĽ
ɱ
ҳӣ˵ö֮
ɱҽ֮һǧȸﲿƻƲЪһɱڣų˳ƳššĴȥź棬ռ࣬ڰ֮УһֻֻǽȼգУӳճ飬Ľ
Щÿһ¶һɫĹ⻷ʮ㣬ҪԶȹǽǰö࣬էһ֮ࡣҪǣһϢΪһ壬ͬɽһ㣬ڹǽһӴҲӸӵ󷨣̡ɱ¾Ϣ
κȻҲ᲻壬оһǿҵģļµΣϢ
šǰֻǡθˡǺ赲󷨡
ɱ
Ȼԡš飬ӴĽû˿η壬û˿ԥ
ͣȸֽлһ⣬ɰǧȸԷʸΣһһ޻صƣֱӳ˽ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ɵӴҲͬתĳְ㣬ĳֹתһǧȸɱһâս
ɽ˵ɵ󷨣ǿ̣ǾˡֻԵģ繥Ϊľ֮һ

һĲҽУһǧȸɵķʸ׳磬ͬһУݺݲǰĴ֮СͣһϵĴ͸ӲףֽƬ㣬Ѫ޴ĹԺͳǽһ÷
֮绢ȺһƬһƬȺϵĵ£̶ֻʱڣһǧĽ׷׵ȥ󷨵ļӳ֣ȸֲֿĹҲԵֵ
һʮᡱǿһ̶ȣҲȫӼɡ


1757 ź壡
¡
ۿЩɾϾҪֵסšҲƣ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ʱ򣬺¡غڻʹڣһɫľƺƵͬһ㣬
ںڰ֮Уһɫҫޱȣնһ˲仯ɫİ硣
һ˲䣬һƬžĿⱻһǣÿжֲֿ
ÿµ
һɲǣͨĽҲܸоǹ֮ϣ˸оСޱȵĿֲ
ȻһлԶûнһ̣ذ嫵͸ص״Զˢʹʱ򣬾˵ı仯ˡ
ϣ
š󷽣ĽԭĹ£ɾǾſգɫˢһ̣˽¹⻷ǣһɹȫµͬ˰ڣֻգʱ䣬ȻԭĻϣٴαһء
ֹˣЩĽ£â䣬ȻֳһӴģӵ·󷨵ļӳ£˵һƬ֮ԭϵԽĽš
ã
йŹ֣ǵ
һ󾪺ɫ񳱳ˢڽĶ棬ûκεףһǧȸȻֽ¹⻷Ϣֱӵһ
ɱ
˷ãã纣Ľһͬӿ㣬ŵ˷ϯһζһ˷Ϊ˹
ɱ
ˣãã˷ϯĶһǧȸû˿η塣
һ·ǰɱȥȸķȫܹ⻷Ӱġ
ˣ˵ĹҲԽ
󷽣һֱĬĬ۲š
ߣ
ͻȻһߣһ̤䣬ĸУһӴĹ⻷Ѹٷ
һǧȸԭܵ󷨵Ӱ죬Ϣһأʱֻһ˺һ貵Ĺ⻷Ѹٲǽ¡
һǧȸﲿӣʱϢһأָԭʵұԭʤһ
ˣ
һ̤һ⣬ʱǰȥ
ǰȥͬʱڵ𶯣һɹӴϢƿնңңźĽ׼֣һٽⳡս
Сӣһ£
ʱһϤ͸һɽ
󷨻ûȫڻǳֵʱ򣡡
ˣ
˲Ϣ䣬ȻֹĻعͷб󷽾뼫Զһطһ٪ˣ趯վںڰУһ߸ߵĹǽϣʲô
֮£ӵ٪ģͬʱܹƺСӵģҲֻʣͼˡ
ǰʲô𣿡
һջ˽ŲһΣӹؿռ䣬ԶĹǽ£һ˹ǽһ֮ңԸӺͺ廹ͼˡ
壬֪Уڻǳֵʱ򣡡
ͼ˿ڵХͷķ˿趯
ԷûҪڳźվĵط⣬̫Ϊģͨʹȫ֡Ǹ󷨷ǳأһ󷨣Ҳûм֣ӦǶԷƾżʹϻԼ󷨡
˵ⷬʱͼҲ͸һ˿Ȼ
Ҫ󷨾£ʴӱһĶȻˣҪһ󷨣ҲҪķѼʱ
ͼȻһ󷨣ڶû󷨣οӴĹģ
벻ʹԺ
ͼа𶯡
һ̫Ƶ͢ˣǴڵʹԺȷ̶Ѩƣ˲֮ء

忴ͼˣԺжһͷһ֮ԴӴ󷨵ģͬʱͼָּе𺳵ģڵĻʹԷ֮УҲֻʣºˣ
ţǬţţš󷨵İѾʹĹǽںһ壬ʦ֮ԴŴ￴һ£
˿ǰ
빬֮ұһ˼ڴ̫ʥϣûȥ鿴µ󷨡Ҳ֪˵ضԭ
һܿŤͷվڸ߸ߵĹǽϷ̫ķ򡣲ò˵ͼѡλҰãȥܹĻʹԺ
ˣ
ܿȫۼ˫֮Уһ̣ʳжȻһ䣬еĹǽ˲Ϣȫʧǰһ޴Դ
⡭
ǰһĻɫ𶯣þ˵
Ȼ֮ǰͿʹ籡ľ֪һΪǿ󷨣ֻ֮ͨԴȥʱ򣬲ܸожôӴ
ǰһ޴׸ߵιֺ֡͸ϣ̫Ϊĵ
ιֵһصϫһ㣬˷ϵĳˢ
Ӵǰ΢߶ԵСޱȡһ֮ϵ
˰ɣԶҪǿö࣬ϸһ£ź󷽣ﵽڶûǿҵĵֿԷҲûнǿͷų
ʱͼ˵Ӷߴ
ʶԷڵȴһʱǸʱ㣡
һͼƳһۡ
ˣ
û˵ֻжһ£˲Ϣ䣬ƺ뵽ʲô
ͣ
Ҳʱͼָһ죬һָƿնǰǽͷϣһĺۼ
ͼ˵ָӶǽͷѸ¶һª
ܴª㡢Ǭ𡢶ҡʾϣ۵λöı־
ͼΪʦȻӵ֮Դ֮ж꣬һ߶֪ȫһҶ֪⡣ֻҪһۣܿ󷨵߷ò
ûв´ֻҪţ󷨵佫ͻ󷨣ʱףű仯ᱻ֮ѸתƳȥ
ͼ˵ⷬʱɫޱȡһ˵ţһָһӣһָŵλתƣȻĳֹͼм仯󶨸ͼڲӽĵһ㡣
ûᱻ˲תƵλãȻ֪ԷʲôǺٻֵ㣬ҵʱȫǽȫ㡣
ͼ˵û˵ȥˡ
ıתƵǸλãͬʱĹͻ΢ΪҲҴ档


1758 VS󷨣
û˵Ťͷ˳ţŵȻҲǻˡ
ոճڹǽ棬쳣ߵĹһ·ʲôʣǹҪϹ
ִΧתƣ֮㣬һмơûҪǿ
ԶԷضȵԽŲŻֻᷢҪ㲻ȥһʱỹᷢµıҲû̫в
ͼ˵
֮𣿡

ܺµжΣգûѡҪʥʣֹ֮ң뾡󣬶ңʱ䲻ˡ
ѣ
ͼ˳ĬƬ̣ҡҡͷüͷ
ǶԷģûκεļأҲǵһμҪƽ⣬ڶʱڸ޷
ңУʵߵľ㣬ֻҪУͻᱻתƵģǽôַôǵϹ
ͼ˵
ǸᣬԷıԶԶ壬ȻܹʳǲɴʮΪһ壬һӶӴ󷨣ٵѶȾͳɱӡ
û˵ͷǰĹǽԺд˷
⣬ʥʺųһ֣ӵĻʹķӴеĳǽשӴģ⣬һľϵڵص󷨣ʮСС󷨡
ЩСС󷨣ʹΪһƬκһǽ͵ڹҪǿӲݻٹǽǾԲеġ
ͼ˵
󷨷Ĵʦе󷨼ָƣŶصһЩʷҲΪ
ʷУɲһֱڳ֮͢⣬ǰΪӰ죬˵ɽ磬һʱΪ͢á
Ƕʱ䣬ǰͺ̣ΪƵĻʹӴ󣬺ǳģҲʹôƻʹΪӲġݡͬʱҲ֪ʥء
󷨸ǣҲѴӿԽĿǰ󷨵ǿͼӿнͻƣֻ»ܵϵ
ͼ˳
󷨵ǿһǿк壬Ѿﵽˡ΢Ҳֻ·һ
ণ
˵ʱͻȻһӸ߿дֻһȺͽβһֻӥӸ߿£Ӷȥ
ȸȥʹ̽Ϣġ
ۿֻӥںڰмٷӣһ̣ԭһĵطͻȻһɫĹ֣޴ӥײ棬һ䣬˲仯Ϊһźڻҡ
󷽣ȺβĺͽʲôҪͣѾˣھ޴Ĺ£ӶײɫĹϣУʮֻͽ˲仯Ϊɻҡ
һĻͫ׶һ¡Ȼͼ˵û󷨵ԶеĴöࡣ
ԣֻܴӵǿ
忴ǰͻȻ
ţˣһҪЩʱҳ
ͼ˵һ͵󷨣Ҳζľõϣ󣬵Ҫʱ䣬ֻڣûеľʱ䡣
Ĭ۾Ժд˷
һطֻܲһ𣿡
֪˶ãͻȻڵ

ⷬͻͼ˲һ㵡
ҪʱΣŵⲿһ󷨣ڣܵӰ𣿡
һԵͼ˵
Կ󷨣
ͼ˶ʱ׹
š
û˵ֻĵ˵ͷ
ͼ΢𣬶ʱ˼ƳҪʱ䣬ûʱ䣬ֻƧ辶
󷨶Կ󷨣ϣȷʵԡ
ͼ˼Ƭ̺
෴ķ֮ڣͬһƬأ

Ȼԣ
ͼҲҡͷ
ŵڲѾǲһӴ󷨣ͬһص㲻ܲ󷨣ȫͨ󷨣ҲԣǱ˴֮ụų⡣ǿвãֻᵼңͻʹ
˵󼸸֣ͼ˻һȻֹһǣǰ壬۾㱼ʲô
Сӣòǡ
û˵ֻǿ϶ĵ˵ͷ

һɲǼ䣬ͼ𺳣ɲôû뵽徹Ȼ뵽ְ취
쿪
й뷨
ǣˣɹĻҲǳãһԶԿ󷨵Ĵ󣬵һ㣬Ͳ
Ȼͼ˻û˵꣬ͼһһϵͼչ
Ǻǣǰ𣿡
嵭ȻЦ֮УƵ󡱺ǾͼֽšΪɾµĹ󷨣ۼ𣬾ںġʮħ֮¡
ǼˣҪһƵһ󷨣Ҳ¡ȣ׶Է󷨵İλãԴȪӿʽԼɺǱżⲿ޷뵽ʹҲ޷Ӵ󷨵ĺģҪһ㣬Ѷȸǳɱӡ
ͼܿع
뷨ܺãǾʵѶ̫ˣܣ˵ıһֵ͸¼
飬ǰͲõˣɣ
嵭ĿԶڰУ˭Ҳûע⵽ӹһ˿Ĺ⻪
ʵ磡
֮ʯеõ֮Դͬʵ硱ԸĿеıʣеķ϶͹ɣ֮ǰƬ̣Ѿʵ۲󷨣ҲõҪϢ
ŵӣͼ˶סˡ
⣬ðɣҪӴʩչƾľ黹ԶԶһšɽ󡯣ԾۼʦΧɽصãǿ󷨡ǼˣҪﵽ˵ֵزϼѣҪ̫ϣ
ͼ˵
ӹɣͼ˲Ž֮һ򣬾֤Ҫ˵ƿʮɵ󷨣ǽʾ͹˵ģҲǲһԵġ
ͼ˺ܿ뿪ˣȥ󷨡ɽ󡱣󣬵ȴҪܳʱ䣬Ū򵥵İ汾Ҳˡ
ͼȥ֮ǽͷһ˵ѣҪƽʮɵ󷨣ƾеİǧԶԶ
廹Ҫȫ̵ĸı䣬һɲǣͷԺд˷
ڣ
ͻȻͷҲص
ڣ
ֻգۼ䣬ߵӰ棬Ȱ㣬ǽͷϣ
ں̫һаж
ͻȻڵ
䣬ڼԱĿУͻȻӻȡƣͬһʱ䣬ӿӴľƿնӿ뵽ľ֮С
ƽǣȻҲˣ
嵭
ʶۣ
ߵľǿһ̶ȣͻĳƿ֮ӵʵı仯㽫һЩͱжϣҲպвһʱ䣬ʶۣ
ս֮Уʱֽʣͽеİʶӡľ֮С
ǣ
̽ӵһ񣬽ƣ˸ܿȥ


1759 
һЩ֮Ծǽͷǰȥ
ͬʱԶź󣬸߸ߵĹǽ󷽣ʼûжҲڷ˱仯
¡
û˿ףضҡƺܲסһǧȸ־ӵĹһɰӻʹ籡һ̣ųĴź󣬺һɹɳͻȻ˲Ϣͽ³ڵľӣһǧȸȫû

ãֵ
ź󷽣ԭһǧȸ־ռžԵƣǵɻƾѸٰ˴һ
̣ɻ漫ǿңֻ˲Ϣ䣬ϵͼģһЩΪӵܣϵĿ׶ڷ̡
棬ڷ󷨵
ַ䣡
󷽣²ȫףһĻĿһ乭ͬʱݣݶХУһ֧֧׼Ĵ֮ķ϶ӹĴţ󷽵Ľ
䣡
Ȼһ̣غٴη˳ԾĿУһɹɽɫĹâӵصױŷѸٴӽ°סЩĽ
գ֮䣬ǧȫΪҫ۵ĽɫԶԶȥͬһһ㡣

ž˵ĻѸٻЩȻֻһĺеȫ۶ϣ
ǧȻûһˡ
ⲻܣ
⵽ʲô
Զ²һ𾪡ַȻ࣬ʵȴǿ󣬶Ƕ֮С
һ֣֮ĩ˵ʱ򣬶ܹһʯǸҲһԲȥ
ǼʮԷȻͭһ㣬һŽһƬͬͭǽһ㣬벽ûˣ˵綼롣
ֱţ
ˣ
ʱͻȻ˶СͬʱԶź󣬺ġʮħ仯
꣬һܼĴУڰУһѩױ˪Ծ˵ٶȷıԺвŸող˵ͷû˳ؼ轵һɱɫĺʵʣӵϯϣ帲ȥ
һҴӵܷӦȱɫĺΪڵϣáһ˲䣬ҴӵɫòҰޱȡ
飡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ʱһֻ̤£һɳŻͬ˰ϯ䣬ڴ̺ı˪֮ɲǣеĺ飬ȫϤ顣
ʱһǧȸ󷨵ͬļʿ׷״ź˳
˵ǴһսôŶҽ𣿡
ۿŸ޷ʱͻȻһЦ͸ĴţӺ󷽸߸ߵĹǽǻ׵
ǣ
ֻһЦȻΪûпеĹϣüڣ
ƽ㱳Ǽˣ̫һȥģҲһǣȴڣʽ
Ӵ͸Ĵţź졣һɲǣ߸ߵĹǽ󷽣ĵطһͳУվĽ֮Уɫޱȡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʹͬʱɫĻӰ
ʣѾǵļı
һ࣬˵Ǿ仰ûźĻס
ৣ
̽һ죬ֱȡ˶ʮ֧죺
ǣʮ֧ȥԶΪһ飬ʮ飬һҺ£
ǣ
Ѹжգ֮䣬Ѹٱ仯ӽǧѸٷֳʮ飬Һܿɢ
֮ҪıͨнֹʹָָӴһָϵͳ֮ս󣬾Ѿó죬ҺкҴ壬Ҳнѵ
ৣ
ǰİǧѸٱ仯ԭųһĴƣѸٱ仯ţһ죬һȫµŸߴĹǽǰ
ƴ󣬶ȫȫҪ̵ҲҪܳʱ䡣û㹻ʱ䣬Դһ򵥵ġ󡱻Ǵ´ġ
⵽ʲô
һ࣬ҹɫ֮Уվ֮ĿѩȻ󷽣ĿһֱעԶ塣Ӧɱˣڵⷬٶʵ˿ס
ǻ׵ɻûгãһ̣һôˡ
䣡
ڻ׵ĿУԶȡһöӣעС
һֻ̣ö觰ӹâ㣬ҹɫбĿĹâһѪɫС̫һ㡣
飡
һö˴롣
¡¡ضҡڻ׺һȺ𺳵ĿУâ仯һεըİǧһ־˵ķʽΪһ塣
ϣ
ǧµĹ⻷𵴺Ӧֻ˲Ϣ䣬еϢʱθһأȻûдﵽʮħּӳֵǿȣҲ侪ˡ
ͼ嵽ҲһʱˣԭûǾĸı䣬ֹͬ߱⻷ӳֵ
⣡󷨣
Ŀ˲ϢɲΪжѲ޵սҲͻơ
ֻп⵽ĹУΨûϵԼȻ󷨡
󷨶󷨣
һǣжһ˿ãȻ޴롣
䣡
һ̣û˿ԥıٴϯͬްصײһ
ֻһκ֮ǰͬײֽȻͬҲ֮

ȸﲿӳеɲǣŤһƬͬʱһȵĻǽڶ
ػԵޱȣʮħۿ˼ٴαգһ̣һɽȻͬӿǰȵĻ棬Ųһ߶ߣ˲Ϣ仯Ϊ̣ɢ١
ǵˣʮĽŸոճķΧϣµĹ⻷Ѹ
⻷ȼ˼ڴķΧ֮ڣʮħȫӲ
ôܣ
һʧɫȻûǷӦһȸлһĻ⣬Щǰһڣ㱻ȸֽնء
û˶Է󷨵ĸţǰȸٴηӳ˾˵
ƬĽϵĵ¡
֧ٴγɱһ󷨲ϳˣҹɫһܼŵķһ·ź󷽻ʹɢȥԶ󷨺Ҳܵɲ
⻹ʮħ󲼳һֳܵ
ͬһʱ䣬ŵҲ˶֮С
ˣӹţǿҪ赲סˣ
һܽڣ
𣿡
ڣֻǵһЦ
ȻǸ˵ĵӣҲóȥˡȥɣã
˵仰һ㣬Ѹ뿪˴


1760 ţ
ţսԽԽңÿһ̶дĽҴĸֵ¡ΪƵģʹоԶֹһΡ
̫ͨһſǬšźţΪ˷͢Ҷ裬ŵڶǳСÿһֻͨˣһ򵱹Ī
´󣬰ͨһţƾ˲䱻С
ɱ
һɱһǧȸﲿΪȷ棬ľӽԽռơź󣬻ָŴͬʱ֮ϵȴֹơ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬ͻȻ֮䣬͢һ죬һ̣һۿɼľ޴⻷ͬ˰ˢ˲ɢš
ϣ
ս˻һǧȸﲿͻȻػʮ߷ݰ㣬ɿֲɳȥ
Ǿ޴ҪӿŵĴȫƼֹˣողµĴܵԵ𵴣תٶԱ仺ͣ
һɲǣ嶼̲סһ
䣡
û˿ԥһһɰ΢뵽˲ԶڰΪ۵ľСע룬һĴȶ

ʯ䣬Ժжһͷոһɲŵ󷨺ģɴҪٿߴ
ֻ󷨶Կ󷨣ȷʵ뷨۵ѻʯֻȡ裬ԶңҪ󣿡
ͬʱ𶯣һϵӴͻȻԶӻʹ
𣿡
ֻһЦһ漴ǺͬʹϷ𵴣
˭Ц˭ЦãⳡսŸոտʼھ̸ʤܣΪʱ磡
ǣϷ͵ıˣ
Цҹɫÿɷ
û˵ȻҲóе˼ȻΪԼӵ
ˣǣźŰɣ
ǰͷҲص
ʮħӴ󣬶ӵʮƾԼİǧȻԺʵϣҲûƾǧȥ󷨡
ণ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һ̶Х
û˿ԥѸٵȼеһ̻һ̣˵ĿУһ貵̻ǧ׵ĸ߿գҵıը
һɲǣʦΪһƬ磬ҫ۵̻ӺҹУӳճһֻֻҹмսĺӥЩ̻Ĺâһգһܿɢ
ˣ
̻ĹâңԶĻʹվһǰ˲ɫ
ͬʱʦһطûжע⵽һ֧ھ빬ŲԶϡ
ʱˣүźˣ
ߴ˶սϣɫӧ佫̧ͷԶǵ貵̻

ͻȻɫӧ佫һӣһ̣ǧȫװɷڣħһӰڶͬһڹ׵УŻʹȥ
¡
ͬʱһطսڣǧս۵糸ͬԾ˵ٶŻʹȥ
Ǳһһ˶ߣޱȵİܼ֣𺳡
ȫǰ
һȣǧİӳȥǧɵľһζֻգۼ䣬֧ӾںڰʧӰ١
岢ûеȴܾãʼղôʱԶһط
ɱ
һɽѰźҡضһɰҵײһǬϡ
ǹѾɹִǬţȫ򣡡
ͬʱһ̽һѸٳǰ
ȻһлԶûн·İһײҲԶĵط
үҵȫţ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һ̽Ӻܿɳ۶ǰϥ£
˵Ϣһɲǣǰ˾
ӧСǣ
֮ǰı¼У߰ٶ˻˰ǧͻʴ׷𱱣ȫ߶ԷѸ¡
ҵ֮ǰ˹֮սУ˲֪˲һ䡰ͨ󽫡ҲҵƺΪ֪
ܴƵĴвҵû˻ɣλ˰׳δضܶһ棬Ϊ֥˼˳ּĵ۹֧
˵ĵɼǿ巽ʵ
ˣ
źڰɱ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ŵĹֻ̽ѣڲĹǬšźţҪֻͬʱ£пͻƺʮħ

ͬʱʹһƥƥսɳ۶
ˣǬܵҹµԷʵǿǵ˸ֵס½ͳѾǰǬţ
ܵҹ˲أԷ˹֮սֹİӣΪ׵µͨҵͳȫֵ
̶ʱڣһƥһƥѹʱɱӡ
һɲǣ΢΢üͷ
Էܹж
ʵ
ǬǧңǧңŵǧѾһǧȫǡ
һ˶٣һ䣺
⣬ڶûг֣
еļƻʵΧ趨µı࣬вģһ˶ѡ
ֻҪܹɱ壬ʣµıΪǡ
ϧĸ֪ʵ̫񣬵Ϊֹṳ̂빬ţʹƵΧɱƻӢ֮ء
̫ĹΣ
ʵ
մ˵ķԸıȥֹܵԮеľڽ̫ֻʥӪ˷ǳңǵʵҲߣΪֹǻûйȥ
һ
֪ˣȫʥӪʵǿҲ֧Ųһʱ䣬ڡֻʣһʱˣ
ͽҰɣ
˵仰ʱ򣬺ӹһ˿Ĺâ
ʯҵ𣿡
ͻȻŤͷһԣڵ
ʱûյϢǵѾѱûз࣬ĿǰѾʼǲ²⣬Ӧǰ׼
ʱѾ뿪ʹˡ
һԣʯ
ھЭʹеϢͨӥȸС
ģû뿪
ͻȻڵһʯɫһΪ⡣
ǡ
ʯʵ벻ھʦеҪĻһʱ䲻Ӧ
ˣҲûʸ̳о֮λʦŶǵƿ֮УܣҲһܲڹˣӥȸڶûзټֻ˵һ㣬û뿪ʹ
ȻƲ⣬顢ȴƶޱȣȻѾȷӲû뿪
ʱ뿪ڹʲô
ʯԣüͷΣڽʯڻڹУʵڲ
ǣȻΪ˾ȼݡ
˵һ䣬һЦ⣺
ˣλҲˡ
˵ţһΣϵĳط˲ݶʧ١



1761 ֣
Ǭš
ɱ
ٶһ򵥵İ˽󷨣ţתţŶǧϮɱȥ
䣡
Ȼٶ˻ûǰԶֻһϣһǧ˲ɱ
иͣ
ֻһգۣһͬŮɢ˲ɢڽӽǽʱһתѸɱأǰ󲻹һиʮħļӳ֣֧ɵСҲ˲߽⡣
۹սԶһǧҴĸɵ֮ϡ
䣡
ֻһͱ任ǧٴγɱһгǬţ˺󷽵Ĵ֮С

ֻһĲҽУʯ䣬Ӱ׷׵ȥ
ͬʱš
𣡡


һı޴ĳǰǧİųУ־İһǰ̤ȥǧİӼʿ̤Ĳǽƽǹƾ춯أɽԶ֮ϡ
䣡
һİ£޴ֱӽط𣬲ҽں󷽵Ĵ֮С
ˣ
Сģ

İǾ˵ƺǽһ׷ȥ
˵˹֮ս֧±ֵţ˵һ£Ϊܣһ£ָоͺһɽͳԼҹһ㣬ľսƥС
ˣ
ۼİӵĹ£ڽڰˣɾ󷽣ûڿеɫɫѿѡ
ϣ
ʯ䣬һ̤һ޴İɫ⻷絶аѸٺɨȫͬһʱ䣬һΪһ쳤磬ϳһĺۼŶİӳɱȥ
𣡡
âһŤڶ˳ͬʱһֻͷŵԳţȻŶһǰȥë׵ľ޴ԳɽͰ㣬ЮŻԵŶݺȥ
ϣ
˵ʱʱ죬ֻһҵ˻һ·һ׳һƥѪֳֺȸֳԾ˵ٶȳˢ
¡
ཻʯ䣬ƥսײһͬһʱ䣬ҵ񱩵ҲͶҵײ
ֻһ춯صľ죬һɲض·ˣƥľΪģɨķײǽϣȴǸĺ
ˣ
ҵվͬһ㣬Ķᣬȴ˴ŵŵ
ôܣ
˰׳ʱͫһĲš

Ǭššţ̶ʱڣʮ⵽ǰδеļҽ֮ǰͬһΣʮħ˾޴ѹ
Хҹɫսޱȣǳĺɱֱ͸ʦն⺰ɱл̻̲

սڼ޳趯Ŀǰ󷨡ʱһͻȻ
үΧһԹˣ˵Ҫү
뻹ʮಽѸٷڵء
Թˣ
üͷһΪ⣺

ʹһƬս˭Ҳû뵽Թ˻ðΣգʱܵǰмΪҪ飬ǾԲôġ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һҴҵĽŲһʿɫ԰ףɫ̼Ѹ
ү²ˣ
˸һͨ˫ϥڵأ˵ߵͷ
糯Ӱй󳼶ƭ̫͵УڸرأºòײӳүζҪȾλҼҴˣ
Խ˵ԽڵϺݺߵͷɢˣͷƤҲĳѪˡ
һɲǼ䣬ǵҲ׷塣
ǳ͢ģûǣ͢תӰǿ̫͵УȻ׼ɹ֮󣬱ȴ󳼳ϣӶ컯ı˳
ͳҲͰˣϡʣԴӵԸ񣬾顣
󣬾Բܵ飬սҵʱ̣ٲ塣
ȱ𼱣
尲οܿһԵһӰ
裡
ڣ
ͷæ
һֱ̫͵ķ̫̫͵˾̫ࡣҵʮȸ㣬⣬λǰ
үԸ
һܿƶˡ֮ҡϵشбȱҴĸ֣ɽеĸͬ˹
鷳ˡһҪ취λ󳼰ȫ

үģ飬һ׵
һյ˴ƮƮһƱɽеĸ֣˵ܿ뿪̫͵ȥˡ
սԽԽңһĺɱֱʣʹڵŨ̻ҲԽԽҡ
ǰȫеǰ
ү
Ҳ뿪֮󲻾ãͻȻ֮䣬âһ棬һŸͻȻӺڰ
ˣ
ֻǿһۣɫޱȣ㺹ܣĵطѪȾˣƲᡣ飬룬һģһɻޱȣ罭Ӱ㣬˲뵽ڡ
źһõƣɫࡣ
үԹ󣬴ǧڳɱӵѾǣɴΧˡð˹үǰȥԮӣ
ֻһ仰ΧɫʱһҲüͷɫó
ǴδġӡҲΨһԺʹӿ⣬λˡ롣
壬ѾںãϷһ𣿡
ʱҡضϤӻʹԶԶЦЦ
ˣҪӵĻ¾Ҫˡ
һ仰˵ɫ󾪡
ү
ɫһʶ̧ͷ塣ȻҲӣ˵ʱ䲻ˡ
ҪˣҪǣң
Ԥϣ̧ͷɫ䲻˿ţ¶һ˿Цݣ
ⳡսڲʼ棬ľͿˣ
棿
壬һĴ㵡
ʶŤͷ߳˼ʿûˡ
Ǻǣ𣿡
һ̣ڹ𶯵ĿУһʿͻȻӺƳ˵´
ʿϢǿңһȺʿкۣһ̣䣬ͬɽ㣬һɽʹ󺣰ϢȻ緢Ϣޱȡ
ϣ
ͬʱָֻһ죬Խͷһժͽͷժڵϡ
Ϯͷķ˿Ʈ裬ͬʱ¶һŲϣȴޱȵӡ
ǡ
ͻȻı仯Եǵ˶һʱסˡǶûз֣ʲôʱߵġ
棬һ鷳ˡ
΢΢һЦ
ģʵϣ֮н󣬼Ҳ˵ҪʦǡôҪһʵǿ󷨣뿪ͱҪһõѡ
š
û˵ֻ֣صĵ˵ͷ
֮УƴʱҲУҲ˽⣬⣬󷨽ֻҪϵйԼʵ´ࡣ


1762 Ļ棡
ԪǣȫӼҵ𣿡

ǣ
˷׷׹Ȼ⣬û˻ɡ
㣬
һа׵ϹԼһѸٷӵķȥ
Ϣڳӵķٶȥ岻ҵͬٶȥ

ͬʱһ࣬ǬššżԶһط
ɱ
ڰУ죬һɱֱ͸ʡ
ȼյܻ⣬Կڰִڷɱһ˫жɱڣеĵкҹһһβϵײ
£
ּ࣬ͣ

ڰУһŻƽеӰɱȥԣһϾۼͶĽɱȫࡣ
˵ӡУһֱһʱ򣬷ǳľˣڣ˵ӡȫͬɫ죬һͣϢս㡣
ڽһɱʡƵİΣϵڽҹˣ
ؼף˫ĿѪ죬һ쳹ʡ
¡
δ䣬˫һһϣ˻УΪһ⣬ݺݳŶĽȥ
䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬һ£Ŀֲ£˷Ľشһҽţ˴˷ɿ
Ȼ⻹Զûнһֻ̣һɫѪڱŷһ䣬û˿ͣ٣һ㣬˴ٴײ뵽˴֮С

ֵ̿Ĳҽڶеĳǹ·һ㣬ڶĽУϷһһεĹ֮Ȼûһ֮С
嵱໻Ѫıĸǣְϰ书һڷӳЧ
ʱɱУԺֻʣһͷΣһҪ¸ʡ
ߣ
಻Ҫķɱ֧ڱ׳ɢ˷׷׳Զȥ
ߣ
ҳӣ˵ö֮
ȸУѵܣ͵һųˢ
գۼ䣬һĨѪ춯صը֧ûо£ͱٴλɢ
£
󷽣µǧҲ׷ɱһ·ͣķɱ֪˶á
£
ͻȻ֮䣬Զ߸ߵĹǽף˫Ŀһ𣬱ܵĸо
£СģЩԾǺڿǣ
ȻͨڹôĶթΣȴһֱּܵ
ֳͣܵĶӦԽԽɢ̧ȥܵıûм٣ԽԽࡣ
ÿһλһ֧ӣβ׷ɱƺܿһ֧ӴӰɱֵ࣬ͬʱҧס˲šֹˣ̧ͷʱȻ˾̫ǵûпԽԽֱּľս
ʲô
ҲǻһĻعͷ
ã
ķӦѾܿˣɻǳˡ
£Ҫߣ
ʯ䣬һſĴЦͻȻбɲﴫû˷Ӧһ̣ǧư磬Լٶȳ˵
Ϊ׵ˣȴһ˳Ƕµһ񺮣
ǴӵĸʱѾ˵⡣
ɱ
ͬһʱ䣬˷ûںڰе糱ˮķɱһɹɱ˲佫µذΧ
ã£
ãã޾ӿĽ˵ɫৰޱȣɫҲ˲԰ࡣ
һȦףԷһ·ͣͣǹ⽫Ⱥ
䣡
ս˻̶ֻʱ䣬˻ıɱ˫սһ
ϣһ˻Уһƥһƥսϵ˵ڵأ뵶ײڶ̶ʱڣߵꪣϵ£侪ˡ
ӣͻƽ򻧺
ʱ򣬷гһ죬ңңָȺеࡣͬһʱ䣬ֻս˻͵һһͬһͷ͵ظ߸ڿնͬԳǧ춯صĺɱУԾ˵Ƴɱȥ
һɲǣ˰ķ񺮣˫ĿǾ
ˣ
ԺΨһͷ
ס֣
˵ʱʱ죬ۿҪ£ͻȻһıȴ
¡
ڷ񺮺ӵİУһɰľɨķҵıըХ䣬һĲҽ԰ټƵ˴һɿµľԶԶɿȥ
ˣ
ûȵ˷ӦâһһУȻͻȻ䵽սǰ
ɱ
˷һսɱûǰʲôˡȻʯ䣬ֻĿһһ̣һַֻ·߰㣬Ȼһƣ䣬԰ټƵ·ɽͻУҽţ׷ɿȥ
㣬;ô
ʯ䣬һͻȻּ߲ͣҵսаӦúۡ
ʵǣɲǣеĺɱս˻׵ײȫʧӰ١
һ˲˷žţոձһɵĶ񺮣ҲӵվԹԵȥûнһĹ

һݣʱӦ

ƺӦǰ飬ǧĶˮ˰ֿͬʱȥһ̾Щĺ󷽣忴һϤӰ
ڼĴػ£ƾսһ־Եĺɫۣڴĩ˰
һСΣǰһԲε̴ľһ裬ֻɫС豭֭硣
忴ȥʱ򣬺һֻ豭ݵţȻԵá
Ѿһˡ
ү
ʱ򣬹âһڰһˣҲҴҵĸ˹
ǰ֮ͣĿһתǵһʱע⵽ԶĺɲǼ䣬ͫһɫȻޱȡ
Ǹ֣Ҹĸоǳ£Ϊһɱ֣ⷽĸ֪д
û˵ֻǵݹȥһĵ
ڳ̾Ϊ˶Ը𣿡
ĿɨһΧĽͻȻڵ
ֳԸ⣬ʵͿ࣬ǵΪֹûг֣෴Χסֻ֡˵һ㣬Ҫץˣ໹ҪҪ
Ҳĵӣѵʦûн̹Ϊͳ˧Ҫͳ˧𣿼Ȼ˳ᢺıһƥһɱಲ޴棬˹ɨأ
УԻ̧ͷЦЦ


1763 ģ
ĬȻ仰ӱ˿˵ЩЦǶں̫꣬ʱھµĳ˵ȷʵʵˡ
ֲ㼶ĸ˵ԶҪҪ
ǰʲô
ǺǣҲѾ˵Ѿ£Ϸֻһ֡
˵ţָڣ˸ƣһ̾˵ĿУȺֿźڼ׵ĽһŽɫ̣Ѹ˳Ȼֱ˺ǰԲ̴ľСϡ
ⳡսеڣҶѾŵòˣȻˣηϼ£
ָָǰĽɫ̣΢΢Ц
үɣ
һԹɫһͫܵĸоһΣյϢں˴֣ΧıڹȥͶ
ǺǣϷթ𣿡
ָڣ˸ƣһ˷еĽʿ·˳һ㣬׷ԶȥںΧһƬ޴Բοյء
үɴ⣬˲ţ
㵲ǰоɫ˿ûмǼҪҲؼ£սս̫ˣ
޷зִ磡
ԤϣҡҡͷĹļ򣬺ܿƹǰȥ
֮Ի뿪ս¡սĹؼһƾսͬǶĺӷһмƻжɺһֲ߻
ǣסҲ͵ǣס˶ҲӵġԼԥԭ
ο»ǣӵİΣ

Ӷһ¶һ˿ζЦݡ漴Զ˸ƣܿһʿ˹һԲεӷ˺Ķ档
£
ۿԽԽһɲҶоһ˿Ĳ
޷
Ŀ⿴ǰͷҲصƽΧ˷ĽһһؽŰΧδȥҲûԳκεĻš
Ѱ侲ҲһҲ
壬ƺӵбκ˶Ҫǿġ

ХܻʹĺɱԼǬţţҵɱʱ˿̣ھ뼫Զһطͺλ¼ʹߣĿУ滺վһ
ϸĴŶĺⲻһμȴǵһδôϸ
ʷǳĸͣϵҲǳ٣ȫһѹ֮ˣƤҲ΢΢Щ԰ףͺûмһ
ӡ̵Ļһ˫ͺһ޼ʵһ
忴ȥʱͺ˽ȥȫ޷ϣ˿뷨˵еȨıͼƻ
𣿡
һǰԲʣͻȻƼž
ߴͣҴǡȻˣ
һںĶݲȵ
Χѻȸţ֮֮ǰɱʱӽء
ԱԽ˫˧һ˭Ҳ֪֮ᷢʲôǺʣ֮棬ô򵥡
Ϊ˽ǰǷѾİڣԷ𣿡
ں
ǺǣӮңȻԴߡңͬߣ߶Զ
һܣ˵ⷭʱɫһɰ⡣
ڲֹǻʹʦƿ֮Уƾ߲Զ
ˣ㻹٣ȫЩ

ĬȻ漴˵ͷûټ֡ⳡ֮ҡӮյʤʱӣҲûκε塣
Ŀһתעܿ켯еǰŽɫޱȵ̡Ȼֻǿһۣʱһ
ϣڰݺᣬ鲼ӣȻһѾһĲо֡Ҫǣֻɨһۣ֣ϵĺڰףݺܲȻʹʱʦơ
ûж֪Ͷе̣һ̣Ȼڴ˿̺϶ΪһںΪһ̡
ͺҲ߳˸ԵĸۡŽɫǰһ¡֮ĶȣҲƱؾ۹ˣ

ǹ㡢ӡңǷ񺮣ԼΧĽ˿ԶмխխĽɫ̣ɫţǴʱͺһƬƽ͡
ôѾʱʦǾ𣿡
ںڰΧĻӳӳżϣֻƽŶ壬̣ȴû
ǺǣµӿԷͣȻңֺʦ
嵭ӭźĿ⣬û˿˱ܡ
ⳡսΪӮˣ
ԲһЦмζ
ǰҲûӮɣ
嵭
û˵Ŀԣ˭Ҳûпڣ˫ٴμž
󷨶Կ󷨣ȷʵ뷨ֻϧעֻ쿪ʶûʶⳡսʵѾˡ
ϵĲˮһڣ
˳ᢣȻʤǧΪ㻹ѧò
ⷭӸ£ȫһֳݡʵҲȷʵʸ񣬵ݣͣƾսҪ̫̫ˡ
ȷʵܸߣܹʶʤΪܣѾ˵⣬ǵƾսһоԶôˡ
˫ٲһ
ɽڸߣˮ顣֮ʲôϵ
ֱͦΣÿɷ
ŶȤ
ڳ£ҲΪ֮Ŀڵ֮д˼ʮ꣬ȺԼ㣬ֹǾ¡ͬʱҲʫʡ
³䣬Ѱ䣬ûʫ־߿֡
սʫٺãҲûκôǬšźŲõ֧ӣɹҵʮħ󡣵ǴȴѾǰ̫Ѿûлˡ
ҡҡͷ
ȵһӳɹϻλ࣬Σֻǵʱ򣬲֪ҪԴ
ңֻϧվҪҷ𣡡
˵󣬺壬һ̾Ϣƺѿδһ

ԤϣĻͻȻЦЦݹޱȣ
ǰ̫Ǳ߽չӦûԶûйưɣ
ˣ
û˿ףɲǼ䣬ܼžıҲ˲ˡ
Ǻǣ
Ӻǰһֻ豭ȻݵĸԼһһڣ̬Ƶᣬݲȣ
ǰ˵ɣǰֺαطѾ˼
ϵıµΪϣΪ¡ڱ֮ԶǰƾսҪù֮ôˡ
ЩͷԺһӶܿع豭Żϡ


1764 󷢶
ʹһ֧ǧǧ˵ʥӪר˾ʥ䣬ҪûǴĻ̫Ӧûһʮʷ󡣰ǧʥȻ࣬ʷСĹ֮УȴѹǱߣӦýչ˳ɣ
ң̫ǰػÿһ߱׼󽫼ΪЩǷ͢衣ʳ֮Уľǹ͢ңййҲйԴӱʵۿʼѾڷʷΪ˶裬Ϊӳı֪ܲ
嵭ɫ̩Ȼ
⣬Ϊ˷ֹһӱ빬ǰлʮóɴ赲ң仰˵̫˸࣬Ҳ֮䣬ȫǾҪ̫ҲΪס٣һڣʮӣڣܳɹ
ңʹȻ˽ͳǷϧʦеİǧǧƵˣȴƲġᡮ˴ԭɡԣҪżģң㣡
Թҳӻʲô³ӦòҶ˵ɣ
ΣĿѩһޱѪ˵öĺɫһٱ䣬ޱȡ
Сˣֻ˵һ֣ȫ
ڵɫ࣬ƺһڰ嵱ҪԴĶ֡
ı󶯣˵ЩϷ᲻֪ʷ󣬺ʹԼ³ǧķΪһ壬˼Ӵ˭Ҳ޷ĶѾʷΪҵʮħԴȪԣߣǰǧʥӷеõļӳԶûô󣡡
ˣ㻹ˣЩʥΪǣ׼ҲֻҪķһʱѡ
һƽ
òΪҲʮħֻΪ˶Ըɣ
ԣһʣѶԸĶ֡
ЩͷԺзӶܿع
ǰ˵ʲôⳡ㶼ûӮ𣿡
嵭ȻһЦĿܿ䵽ǰŽɫϣ˼
Уǰɡ
Ǻǡ
ȻһЦΪ裬ĿҲ䵽ϡ
ȻӢ۳꣬ʱ䣬Ҳˣ
΢΢һЦЦ⡣
ž
һ̣˵ĿУʳжָһöӣžһ˽ɫ̵м䲿λ
һۣ˻ûʲôʵϣû֪Ҫʱ̣Ϊʲôͺġ
һ̣˾ʲô
쿴
˵ľУͻȻغһҫ۵ɫͻȻӻʹһɫ֮֮ǰκһҪֺƴɲǣնӳɫһĵطϯ˷
ϣ
ս˻һɹɿ˴ϣ˷һ׷ȥоݡ
ĺԶҲܸоǹɫǿֲ
ɱ
ͬʱһĺɱԶԶģŷһӴ·һ㣬ݺݵĳڹǽϣͬһʱ䣬
Ǭźŷ򣬽ĺɱҲ쳹أһ˺ޱȡ
£
󷽣Զĵط˴ķһݡ
巽ıͽ汾ǷͥԴƵһǣ֪ΪʲôͻȻ֮䣬ƴ׳Ȼȫѹ巽档
ʦıϣ嶼ֵס޷ʲô
𼱣¹˭֣δ֪
ԶıӰĿڣû˿ĲԶǾ춯صĺɱû˿Ӱ졣
Ǻǣôʱ䣬ʷлͷųеҲѾ뵽ʮħУڿġʵò
Ŷ壬
̬ƽͣƽȴе˵ķâ
ɱ
ͬʱԶţǬźŴеĽȫƴϣ⻷𶯣һһĹ⻷ϵıŷѸٵķ䵽ÿһĽ¡
̶ʱڣÿһ¶Сһɫ⻷Щ󷨹⻷ļӳ£еĽƴʵһء
ͻı仯еĽΪ⣬һ־ϲ
ãһնɱ棡
ǬŴ½澫ϵһһȳŶĹǺһȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ŵĻףŵĶҲܵɱ仯һתΪıӰصĳź󣬳
һ࣬˵ĴʱΪԶĺɱüʶԶ壬Ŀǵǡ
ǰȻֲ̫ڱ¶˵ǰ˫У
Ϯ޷˿趯Ȼȴɫ糣˿Ϊ
˵ǰȺ飬书в֪ʮǰͿʼڻͨҪһǿ󷨣ֻϧһ񣬵ûɣ벻⼸ʮ꣬ǰǱУѾ֮ˡ
˵ʱһ΢Ц˲ˮݵĶ֣ǹϵǢһ㡣
Ƕĺȴüͷһʱɫһ
Ѿ𣿡
ͻȻڵ
Ǻǣȷʵһ
һ΢Ц
ͫһɫʱޱȣ
ʦ˵ʲô
ںУֻһصĺҲվޣȴһΪľںҲͬ°ҫ۵Ĵڡ
͸ᵽ󷨣ôʾȫͬˡ
Ǻǣ⵹ǰʮħǵһʩչʦҲ㣿
嵭һ˵ţһߴϵֻ豭һڡ
Ŷ壬бòܿ죬ƽ

ʮħľѪòײ󷨣ʮΪһǵħҲԽΣѵƵ󷨣
ʲôû˵
Ƴһۣǲš
ûУʦֻ˵ҵӦÿԼԸ´ࡣ
²豭
Ŷ𣿡
һЦɫȴǶı˲٣
׼ô󣿡
ֻǵһЦ뷨᲻ףҲ磬ʵʤ۱硣
֪ǰ˵𣿡
ʵ
ԣǾƵҵʮħ󣿡
ûлش𣬶Ƿʵ

΢΢һЦܻĵ˵ͷȻںĿУԱߵһöӣžһв
ˣ
䣡
ƺӦڰµɲǣһ̣˵ĿУԶԶģŷһɫ
ʼʱ򻹲ǺѸٵģ·˺ܴѸ׳󣬲ɰɫΪɫ󣬸ǺһʱڰкȻ¶һֽڶɫ޼ͼҹпҫޱȡ


1765 ҵսᣡ
𣡡
ԶԶģһ˻ߵŭͻȻ巽棬Ѿʮħȫѹסһǣ·עһǿ㣬һƴ񣬷Ŷɱȥ
һ˲䣬棬Ȼһ
ô᣿
༫Զĵط񺮸ܵԶı仯ҲΪ֮ݡ
ʮħõʱҲ뵽УҲΪˣжôǿ󣬵Ȼܹ󷨶󷨣ƾٵöͶᡢ½桢׵˷ͥ񣬼ֱ˼顣
˳巽棬ȴǾ
̫ˣ
ҳһԭ԰סֵ̿ɫչ
͹ɫҲࡣ
ǰΣ
жŲ豭ЦЦ
ʮħһĴոҲֻǲһΣҪ뷢ӳҪϣ㹻С
ǵ۹۷Ķ֣ʵΪǿ뿪֮󣬼治ϵйע󷨣Ҳ֮ӳ
Сˣƾʩչ󷨣ͲĵӣҲû
ֻһ˲кָܿŶ壬ѵ¶һ˿͵ɫ
»ԶԶʲôȷʵվǸСһ㣬˫ǿȸһòʨ۵ܹ赲һʱҲվ·һ󷨸ֲ˶ã
ԽԽãĻǰܹɾƾս֮ͨˣȻҲˡ
𣿡
ԣֻǵȻһЦû˵
ҹϰϰ˻࿴ŶԷ˭Ҳû˵ΧѸټžʱ䶼·ͣһ㡣
ԶͺžʱǬţţŵսȴǱ֮֮ǰҪҵĶࡣ

ɽֻն
ţҵֳ־޽գ֮䣬һƻֺĵƺƵŶĶȥһ֮󣬿ҪŶ롣
˫
ͬһʱ䣬ߴĹǰںһһ̣һһڿն֮Ծ˵ٶȳ۳Ҷֻеĳǹһɨһͷ޴׶Ĵƿնǵǰ
¡
һ춯أ޴˫۽棬صסҵ˵һȻֻһ˲䣬˫˲ըѣӴͬ˲顣ǻֺĵƲЪŶȥȻȴһ
¡¡
ҵͶἤҽսʱڵĴҲǼײĦͬŲͬתĳһ㣬ÿʱÿ̶ڲͣļġ

һɹܵͻȻ֮ڿն𣬶ת˲֮䣬һտɫı˪̳¿һƥƥﶳɱ
еĻͱ˪Ǻ֣ûгã˲ʧ١

ͬʱһ򣬾һӽǹ̳ȴֶӰ˲仯ΪޣȻһӰ
Ǵ
󷨲ϵĽ棬˫ʿ壬˲֮ʧЧ桢˪ӰѾǽ֣ǳڵзӪ
һ֮ĥ
ͬʱźǬţͬҲڲͣķ
ʱ仺ȥţǬţţÿһ̶дʿͣ£ҹɫУǼҵĺɱ͸ʹԶԶ
ˣ
ԶһȻһЦعͬʱָһ죬һöӡ
ͨͨһ˵ע⣬Զ㣬ңԼµˣһжʱǲ
˶֪߾ǴңͬʱҲⳡʹÿһ⣬ÿһöжսƵı仯
òʨվֻǴ˵󷨼ֵڣĵӦҲˣ
˵ţžеĵڶöٴصϡ
¡
һö£գۼһҫ۵ɫ𣬲Ҿͬ˰㣬ӻʹ˷俪ȥ
꣡
û˷ӦԶǬţźŵķ򣬶ʱؿѵ˲ɫ

ֻն
ֻն
ŷҵ潣ߣһǿ׳˶紫˵еľ㣬һһ·籩㣬ϵնᡣ
䣡䣡䣡
ҵ޴ѹ£Ҳʩչȫ任Ųշתò޴Ĺע£ǻͨ죬Ͷһأֻǲֲ
ҵѹǰἸֻм֮ȫ޻֮ȫƾһļУҵϵǱȸֽ
ȻˣҵÿһἸͻᱻĵ˳ɡ
ֻն
ҵԽսԽ£еľ޽һҲ룬߸ԾһֺɣŶնȥ
¡
Ȼҵ߸߷ɲǣû˿ףһ죬һֱӳҵϵ˲ɢͬһʱ䣬˲𣬶˷ԭӳİսʿϵĹ⻷Ҳ˲ֻʣһȦޣɴĹâ
һĻͬʱϵı仯ҵ˲üһ
һ࣬һһɹɫĹâͬ˰㣬ţԶһԭѾõ󷨵Ĵӳ֣ʱֱӱһأµĹ⻷֮֮ǰӵҫۣʵҲҪԽǿ
ûᣡ
ؼףĲ׽ֱ仯䣬û˿ԥһ˲󷨵˷һɹЩƿնͬ󷨱һڡ
᱾Ѿǳǿ󣬵ǽ󷨵Ȼֱӱһأﵽһ˵ĵز
ᣡ
ʯ䣬һȣ±һ̫ҫ۵Ĺâ
ȫɱǣ
δ䣬ͬһڵ㣬˻ΪһӰ֮ǰٶ͵һǹ˰еҵ
𣡡
˻Уֻͷ޴ͻȻ仯Ϊһ⣬Ͷ뵽˶еĳǹ֮Уһ̣һƥеľɽХ㣬Ӷĳǹб
䣡
ڶ޴ǰҵһȻֱӱ˻ڣһѪֲľʱҵݺݵҷɳȥ
ϣ
Ѫ׹ϥһֱۣȣҵԻ͵ȫסܵĳƥѪ֮ҲѪ
ȥɣ
һлҵӰ֮лԥȴ˴Ϊһͬ˰㳯ҵȥ
쵰
ۿŶɱҵҲɸһĨѪ⡣
µƥѪս༤ҵս˹֮ս
ܹ֮ƥսҲӹΰֻһǹͲ㽫ƥѪһɱҵжʱðɣŭܡ
˵һսϵ۹ˣΣֻʤܰܣ


1766 ħն
ħն
ʯ䣬ҵг߾٣һɹɰ۵˾޽֮УֹˣҵվĵطΪģ֮ͻȻֳ
ҵ࣬ջ谵ȻֳһͷߣУ飬ԶĿƸͣޱȣη
Ҳ࣬ܣȻֳһͷͬɶߣͬ׳˶Ŀȴ׶ԶŶħ
ͷħĽ£޾һİ׹ǡ
ʲô
һĻʧɫ
ҲǼʶ֮ȴûм˿ֲ书ֹˣʩչžѧ֮ҵƶ䣬˵ȻθһأһһңԶͶħҲݺ϶Ϊһһָ߸ϵη֮С
䣡
ȻûȶᷴӦҵкһһ˫սӺѪϰεض˲Ϣ䴩ռ䣬͵һնڶؿڡ
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬УӦ˴ҵһݺݵײɳȥص߸ߵĹǽϡ
һ˿ֲڶἸҽǽ֮У޴ǽ˲ΧĽһɫȻɫ
ȥɣ
ҵ޽һӣ㣬ҪŶɱȥһ̣һɱܴȴãã纣Ľ󷨵ļӳ£ӳźԼİɱȥ
Ѿ㣬ԷԶԶڼһʱ֮䣬İҲΣأΧ֮С
ҵɫһ䣬гһתʱԥЩˮӿĽնɱȥ
ɽֻն
ҵ޽һնʮϰٵĶʱҽţǹɸٱľɳȥ

һҽڶھ޴˵ĳ£׷ײܵĹǽϡ
ˣ󷽵ĶԴԴϵӿһʱ֮֮С
ʱ˿̣ĻԶֹҵİӡ
Ǭţ䣡
һըڶǳǹ޴ըһһĶ߷ݰ㣬ϱɳȥ
ˣǵ̫ǿǵ̫أ
ڵľƶǲô죿

һ󽹼ӵϵƣʮħļӳڲϵƣÿһϣټӳ⻷
û˴ĵã˵Ľ£ֻ桢˪о
ЩȵĻҲͰˣһտɫı˪֣еټΣա
ٶΪһ˪ס޷ƶҲζʧȥĻƣ˵Ϊ
ɱ
ΧеＯ󣬲ϵɱǻķΧȴԽԽС˶ڿ֧š
䣡
һֲΧʮͻȻһӵϣеĹӸȫϡ

ֻһҽУ˴ǿóȥһˤĵϡ
һĻͫ
ˣ
ɫ䣬͵شһһǰĽɱȥ
ߣȥĶң
ʱ𵴣һĴӺ󷽴δ䣬½һͬһֻ㣬ӴϷӹŹǼն
䣡
ǹཻ˱ըھ޴ĳ£ǻһɽǰɱĶڷΪɱǬս벻״̬
ͬһʱ䣬ŷɱͬȲ
ѾҪŲסˣ׼Һɱǣ
ȣָǰе
ţֳ״
Է̫ǿˣȥϾҪ֧Ųסˣ
󷽣ɫͨ죬ȫ˼ޣһɹ罭Ӵ󺣣ϵĺţӿ뵽ǰǿڿеľС
ȻͷѾȫӳ֣ɸ󷨵ٶȣֻ˲Ϣ֮䡣
Σ
һ࣬ҹϰϰԶĺɱŶ壬¶һ˿Цݡ
Ѿȫѹı
ɼΣϧʵһʹõʲô󷨣ĵӦҲˣ
ĻԶ񺮵Ҳ¶һ˿ЦݣȻûпԶҲóѾռ˾Եơ
ľܣͳ¡ֻϧҪ͵ԣѡˣ
񺮿Զ壬ӾռžԵƣŶ޷ƣǴȥ
ȵжɹӵϻλȴҵĿ¾Ǳҵˡ
ү
һ࣬㡢ҵ˿ԶҲĽţѾǳΣҲȥˡһֻܼϣˡ
ҹɫлԾɫƽû˿Ļš
ǰ˵̫ⷬ𣿡
΢΢һЦͻȻԱߵУһöɫӣֻôһССĶöĺͫһͬ󷽵ķҲɫ
ͬһʱ䣬󷽵Ĺ㡢ҡ࣬ԼеĽע⵽öӣССӷ·֮أǣ˵ࡣ
κһĵطⷬٶκεĲʱ˿̣˶֪Ǻ壬ÿһӵʱ򣬶ζսƻ֮仯
㻹кУ
΢۾Ŷû֮ǰЦݡ
û˵ֻǿһ۶漴ƺܵʲôһ˵ĿУöϡ
ǰҳˣ
ž
ɫϵޱȣڴʱҹɫдԶ
һɲǣռž·ʱնֹˡ
䣡
·ֻһɲǣַ·ͣһ̣غ˵ĸ֪У𶯣һӴģ·ʵʣͬξ˰㣬ŵص˷ͬһ۶ȥ
ǹӿʱܹܵµĵ΢΢
⣬ô£
˷һɫң׷ȥƺҪܿŵǹھʦôã˻û
쿴ʲôôˣ
ͻȻһָԶеѭĿ⿴ȥֻҹɫһɹԾ˵ٶȳϯȻŻһξ룬ǰɢٶȣºܿͻִ
ҹɫʹҲһƬ谵ֻȵĻڻʹĴɢ΢ĹâֻӦÿЩȻѾŨҵ˼㣬ҹɫ֡
Ķ棬ɫأҲû֮ǰĴݡ


1767 ƽ
ɽ֮ڴ֮⻹һ󷨣ǣɽ
һΣܵ巽ѹ
ûڲ´֮ܲһ󷨣ɽ֮ǣΪ󷨵ԴĲ˵ƾһ㣬չ¶ǻۺֵκζԶԡ
ǺǣҲǰֱûʳеʷ󣬶ʦֹƽ̹ɽ裬ֻ취ӽɽˡþʦᡢѵӪһţɽټɽ֮ÿһã
Ŷĺ΢΢һЦ
ͼ˵ĶĻҪ죬٣һ̣ĳɹó˾ɽ󣬽ʦΧɽľɹ
¡
䣬ܵɽʱԽŨ
Զԭڿ֧ţеҲнĴʱû˿ףһɹɿ񱩵ͻȻХһҳ֮С
еľ鱾ɫҪ׹䵽˵棬ǵõӴģɽ֮עâ㣬ҹɫ͵رһ̫֮Ҫҫ۵Ѫɫâ
ֹˣǹɿ񱩵ͨ飬ٴ˳󷨵Ǭššš
⡭̫ˣ
ϲ̫죬涼ɴϲ˾
СӣȻûʧ
Ȼô£ǲö룬Ҳֱ֪ʡ
䣡
û˿ԥɽٵ󷨸
ţ
ҵѪǱȸ־޽֧š
ϣͳͳϣѣҲҪ
޴Ĺǽǰ˫Ŀͨ죬
ָ£еĶʧźţǰͺ̣ϵĳҵɱȥҵĴ̫ͣʵ̫ǿַĥҵ
䣡
ڱҵһһĽΧסʱ򣬶᳤ǹһָһɰı˪֮ǹ
ֻ꣬һ鶳ʮİӵսʿܲɱ˪֮СӶʱá
ΪҪĿҵ׵壬ı˪֮С
ı˪֮ϣһĺ˱顣
û˴ĸź͵ֿټϴĴԽԽǿ󣬶ڿԸɵĵҵ
ûᣡ
ҵһͣͻȻԭأкһжʱɱ糱
ᣡ
ʯ䣬һУǹߣٴͬһ㣬𣬺ɵľ޴϶Ϊһҵݺݺȥ
쵰ɣ
ҵ̧ͷܵĹӹһ˿ŭɫ
һжѾǵһʩչˣÿһΧĽ뾡취ĥԼΪԼƣȻٽɱ
ҵȻ֪Էͼıȴûκεİ취Ϊ˲İӵսʿܵòͦǿпеĹ
ˣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ۿŶһͬͷ޴ĺᣬ֮ƣҵݺݹ¡ʱû˿ףһɽɫƴ̺ͣһɽ֮ͬ˰Ӻ󷽵˲ҵڡ
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ԭסҵر˪˲Ϣ䱻ײķѡֹˣǹҵڣҵһµĸ߶ȡ
ϣ
ֻһĸһһĽɫ⻷ͻȻƾճ֣Ƶҵ¡Ҳһǣҵٶȡݣ˲ӣױ棬һҫ۵Ĺâ
ʲô
УһĻһɫˣ
ߣˣ
ϣҵͷһһɱ
һ̣һһɱ̫֮Ҫҫ۵籩㣬͵شڱ˲Ϣ˷ӿ磬ǰͺ̵Ķ
ֻһĲҽУ˻ûпֽͬƬ׷׷˳ȥ
⺧˵Уҵеȸ־޽֮ƣݺݵ˰еĶᡣ

УᷢһĲҽУѪ١ҵһֻһоͷͬ߷ݰɳȥӰкݺݵҵ˵ϡ
¡¡һ֮ڶɲǣ涼˵Ĳ
žžž޴ײʹøĺ󷨵ĵשʯѿ϶
ɱ
ҵһлɶᣬƱһأͬʱһȣǰɱȥ
ϣһɫĹ⻷֡ڴ⻷ļӳ£İӵʿҲƴǡһźţٴμᣬгİ߸߾ǽٴǰƽ
䣡
һΣ֮ǰͬİռԵƣĶ׷壬һϵȥ߱ն£˵ڳ֮С
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬İӾƾŸٱĹٴδţƽ

ͬʱǬš
ʮħĸźټ½Ķ糱ˮ㣬ϵϯѾڽڰˣѾȳ˹ǽʮ⡣
һ̣ϣ𶯣û˿ףһɰӿѸٻΪһһĽɫ⻷˽¡
Щɫ⻷ļӳ£ȫٱǣﵽһĸ߷壬ʮħȫų⿪⡣
Ǵ󣡡
ǵڻָˣ

ܵϵı仯һﾫ񣬲ö룬Ҳ֪һүֱʣ
иͣɱ
ʱ˷ܵĪڹˣʵȻǿ󣬵Ǳ֮ҵսϽЩ࣬޷һڼ˲£Ťתܾ֣סԷ
ƾϵ󷨼ӳ֣һжʱȫͬ
һգۣһȣǧ
ˣˣ
Ľʱͫһޱȡ˭Ҳû뵽ⳡսѾռݾԵϷ磬ϾҪԷˣȴһǳı仯
˸ϣ
ʱŭĪ½ˣгǹһӣ˲佫ź˵Ľն£ͬʱߵĽһ·ǰɱȥ
䣡
ҹɫ£֧ڹǽǰصײһ
ֻһܼĵڶӿĹһԵֵֻһиͣ㱻׻ɢͬҲš
ŵĶȻûİô񣬵ʤ˶࣬ҶҴĸ֣һǧȸﲿΪȷ棬ع⻷סǾ˵Ĺ
ôܣʮѵסǧˣ
ʱ˿̣ŭܡĽͬͶһѾûκε·һӹɣȻǴ֮һ統үһ㡣
»ʵǻиµˣºȻǷݾٻ󡣵һʧܣ֮أȫǣ塣


1768 սף

״һӣû˿£һͻһ㣬˲뵽˶Ĵ֮С
䣡
ֻһ춯صıըεΪһͷҺɫľ޴ޣ˻һֻһײͽΧʮһıͬʮȸȫɿȥ
ڻѹԵʵǰЩͨʿֱͬϰСŴӳ֣ټܹܵĹɢ⣬ݵΧϣɵס׿ֲĹ
ɳ죡
ֻһɲǼ䣬ǻҺɫľޣͬڵȻĻΪһƬĮĮĻɳǰȥ
䣡
ըһһ಻ϣǧʱ赲
ûڣֱִżֵܹס
쵰òС
󷽼ȫ󷨣һĻ۾ˡ
ɽϻӳưǰǾϵش־Բʧ
ǰѾԳϵҪǰٹעǰȥֹףһнɣ
ʱһŮӵȣݺͻȻӺ󷽴
һʶŤͷֻŷ򣬰һյ߰һʵ֣žװмһɫ΢ףЩľɫŮԼķ
ǣ
ɫȻһ졣
ս˵ĵطοǽѪ֮أôҲû뵽ȻһôŮӣʱͻȻҪǣŰɫսŮȫû˿ӡ

ô

ʱһ󾪺ͻȻӶߴԪԶѸٱ٣˶סˣ룬ǰļսһԶȥٺĹϵڸ˾֪£Ԫ֪ȥ
ǰҵĹ٣үá
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳڼ˵
ԣ׹
ˣǸ׽ңǱλ

Զɱ󣬻Ϊͳʵ֮ǿױȣսһ֮УٲסȲ󷨵£źܿҪˡңһ仰ǸŮ˵û㹻ӴѾܹԼתˡ
СϷһս
һȣ·ըһ̣˵Ŀ⣬һݣһģĲӰҹɫͬһֻ㣬Ծ˵ٶȳԶħĻȥ
˳ͬʱҹɫˮڣһɹˮ˾Ȼ͸ĵשڼĲٿ£ȻһԶĻһȥ
ڲٿ󷨵ʱ򣬾Ȼ֪ʲôʱ򣬰ѻǺӵĺˮҲ˹˽£Ϊá
¡
˲Ϣ䣬ֻһ·ƣľ죬ˮˣڼĲٿ£Ϊˮˮˮ룬ֲͬһ𣬺ݺڻɵããɳϡ
䣬ֻһĻɳɢѣɳֻһУͳͬΧʮȫܿƵķ׷ױɳȥ
ͷ㵽ʲôˣȻҺʹӣͳ͢ԣ
Զɫ԰ףһؿڣ䶢ŶԵļ棬Ŀ׺ޱȡʯǱռ鱨ǰ鱨иûгֹ
Ǻǣʲôֻ͢һȺ̰ı֮ͽˡϷȻǳ͢ˣҲݲǷң۹ͬİգˮ֮У
Ի׵ƣֻǼһЦ
Сһ̰ɣ
δ䣬ûи׷Ӧʱ䣬һΣ˲ʧԶֻһƣٴƻ׵ɳȥ
Ԫ֪˵ʲôڲ̸ʱֹӣүҾǴͷҲһʦ˭ҲӲˡдͼֽ㻹ǸϽңȫүȡʤˣ˺ڣڱϣҲү
ԶԪɫ۹ȥֻǻûڣɫ֣أһͬʱһ죬ֹ˳Ԫ
Ԫͣǧ仰Ȱ˵٣ʱ򣬾Ȼһ仰˵˵Ĳһҹܿܣϵش󣬾Բʧһʧܣ˿ֻ·һ
Ƿ𣿡
ٽȴ˿ͣӳԪԲܿԶ󷨺ġ
ǣ
Ԫ΢ڻѸٸЩٵһ𣬻ңԶҵսȥ
ҺšŸԳˣ
źŸ
Һ£

ٸոߵԣű㷢һٵĵ£ҲȻһ䣬ӳһɺ֮ǰȻͬ
תһɻֺϢ
ˣ
Զʦ⼫ԶһطͼվһԴΡȻɽϣԲһһɶ೤ͳɵĴ죬Զ¶һ˿Цݡ
ͼһϲԴ鵽֣ͼ˾Ϳʼе󷨣ͬʱһЩԼֲϣУɽѶȲ̫ͬʱ׼󷨣ȻҲͼ˵ļ֮ڡ
ʱִ٣ֻܸزˣСӣȫˣ
ͬʱԶϰϰɽĲϻ㼯ʦеҲԽԽأرǵһµķʽתʱ򣬾ͺоɱ仯
Ҳˡ
Ԫı仯΢΢ӿů
ⳡսǲٹģٵʱ˵ʱһһܹմģ֮⣬ˡ
ٵ书ӪиŲϺţĴǻۣ涼ǰé
ӡ̣
ʱ򣬺ͻȻڴ˼ž
ұΪµıȺףʧȥһսڿеһ㶼Ѿ׵ⳡս׼ñеĻҪ֡
ǺǣǰΪƾսλ֮ϣⳡףԿ
һڱе΢΢Ц
ǣȻ㡣

ɽ֮ܳãƻʹصʷѾãȻ֮ʱѾƣ塢Ƽɣվһ˾£ѽ⸽ò࣬µľųɾᡢԼĽţɽ
󷨽ȡܹõɽ֮վޣҲܺʷ⣬ʱסֵܼ˶أ
⣬ҪˣҪϷµʮħ󣬶ǡʱѾˡ
˵ţƳһۣ⡣
Ǻǣ˵ҪĵҲңǰֺ⣿
嵭
ңȻǰѾʤȯգֺαҲأ
һ䣬һƬžĿԣУ˲Ϣһ


1769 ͬ˳
廹Ǻ˵ĻжǺ¶ȴ룬м䶼ڲ©ۼĴѹԷ
󷨲ϧԽӴ󷨣ҪҲԽ࣬еıԶԶվЩǿһжϷı˼ʮأ㲻ΪϷֻЩֶΰɣ
˵ţ΢΢һЦһ죬ִó˵öӡ
һĻԶࡢ㡢ңԼ˷׷һܹɽ֮С󷨶󷨣ȶսѾǼΪˡȻ˭Ҳû뵽ȻкС
ȻӺֻҪסžͿˣǿλ̫ʱƾսԶִУڷ֮
еıȫţֻǲ֪ʱһ֧ӺɱԴ֧ӻ½֪ͬأ
΢΢һЦ˫Ŀ֮͸һɼΣյĹâ
ž
ָһеĵöİӺ󷽣ĺԭֳɣǵö£ߵ϶ΪһΪһǰӦмİ׶֮С
ǿźµʱûжע⵽һֻ֣һڣź󷽴˸ơ
ণ
ͬʱһ߿ļԶԶֻ˲Ϣ䣬ҹգʧԶ
ҹдԶԶĽҲࡣ
ͬʱʳһ򣬵ϣ׳ųһķҹɫС
ЩĿѩϢɱһս֮ʦ
ҺﲻͬŵļУսĺףȫͭ죬ϸȥĻƣȻĺͷ
ͬ
£ʹͭս׵ģҲֻͬˡûȸͬȴ䶥ս£ս֮ǿȫ֮¡
峤Ǳ߷ϢˡҪǰռƻڳ
ҹХһУһͬĸֽסµĺ࣬ܿתŴǰݵͬ޴󽫾˼ȥ
˼ƥͬϣһĸߴ࣬ͬһɽͰ㣬ֻǺһʱİ˼Żʹðĵطĺɱ˼
һɲǣ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
Ҫһǳûлͷ·ˡ浽ֵزͬһ֮ˡ
գһһͬսӺ͸һ˿ǡ
Ͼǵѣ˹Ҳһ𲢼սֵܶܶʶʥϴҲôֵ𣿡
ΧһƬžһ˵˵Ŀ׷ͬ޴󽫾˼
˼û˵һɲǣ¶һ˿ԥ˵Ҳ
峤ڲԥʱ򣡡
֮ǰͬսˣͷ͵ĺࡣ
˺˵ǷӵƣͬҪȥδ»ʵǻʲô³ʥʣǴӣУʵҪһֱͬ˵棬ǵΪʲôήƣ
һ仰˼һ˿仯

廹ǴӣڽⳡУҪԶͬ˵档
ϣ
ЩͷԺзӶ˼İγϵĳ
ĿǬšźţȫǰ

˼䣬˷ͬȣ춯أ·һ㡣
¡
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬׶һԽ˻У԰˼Ϊףǧͬ飬ΪһĸƺƵǰȥ
κһζͬһΣͬһеսʿȫԱ
ͬ޲򣬹򲻿ɵСһͬɱڴӻʹǹƾ춯أɽޱȡ
һͬ۵糸һ棬ǹɾ˵ѹ˻ʹĺɱǬšźŴ˫ɱıע⵽ɾ˵춯
֮ͬǹɳɱɷʹûʹϷĿռ䶼ŤʳǶһͬĳвͣ˲
Ǻǣ˼ڳ𣡡
һܣʹĳһۣǹɳϢƶ¶һ˿Цݡʮħ󡱺͡һͬ׼ݴ
Ϊ˵ͬˣ˲ٵĴ࣬ǳˡ
һҪʹ̫ȴšǬšűʮħǣƵʱ򣬰˼ͻһͬƵӺɱʮӦϣ׻塣
ͬ˵ս˫˵ﲻǧȫҲֵܹסӦϵĳɱ
壬ͱԣվҪ۵ģڣҪ֮أ
ҹɫ֮УšǬźŵķɱһƬɭ

үͬˣͬڳǵķɱ
ͬʱһطԶԶģһҹ´ĵԱӺҹķӶһأģǣˡ

ˣΧصĽʮ˵ĵԱ˶ȥ
ԶɫȻָֻ˸ơ󷽣⣬ΪϣΪ¡ʱ̽ӹȻԼŸ
ÿ
ֻһ仰ԭ˹ȥ׷ֹȥ
ֹˣǰԭ㡢ࡢңԼΧҲˮ˰ɢóһͨ
Ҫȥ𣿡
Ŷ壬ĿƳһɫҹµĵԱѸŤͷЦЦ
ˡ
尲
Զ¡¡ףһܼףͬһŷ籩㣬ڻʹһȦԾ˵ٶȳšǬźŶȥ
˺ԶҲܸܵһͬ嫣ӿĿֲضΪ֮ɫǿ
ȻȴԲϣͬ㣬һ
׺ͬѾһʦʦ뺷ǿһͬȫԱҵǡǳɱȥҲһƬƽû¶˿
ǰΪ˶ԸңɷѿİȻͬ˶Ȱˡ
ǰĺ
Ǻǣʤ֮ΪʤȻҪһЩֶΡοͬ˱һ֧ãβﾡã
ϵĲ豭̬Ȼ
¡¡ԶԽԽ˵ĸоͺһƬӿĺڳˢǲϼٵԽķˡҪģǰ壬ʵںڴҪԴ


1770 󽫾
ǺǣﾡãǰβѰ˼̫ͬȥأͬսһܸʥӪɺܴ˺ɣ
嵭Ц
գһ£ǵЦݶʱȥ
ͬսȷʵ˫˵ȥԸʥӪȷʵкܴİ廹Ǻ˫ףǾԲôȥɵġ
ͬϾЧ˴ƻ꣬ȥԸ廹ԣȥԸʥӪһͬﷴˮʥӪʱܵģǶһ࣬ǾðַյģҲ֡
ԣֻ֧ܰ˫ͬŵս󷽣Ը塣
Ȼָľһ㣬Լ
ǣ㻹ǳסƾһ㣬ͲûʦϷҲܺ棬㻹ܹã
˵仰еĲ豭յߣһڣָֻԭĴ򶨡
ͬѾԽԽжıʱ䶼ˣһ㣬ֻ·һ
Ⱥ򶨣ͬķâǰ޼¡
¡¡ԶͬѾ˸䣬ǬšźԽԽǵأڳκ
ͬޣ
ͬޣ
ͬޣ

һɱڵź쳹أͬ˷ǰϰߣһͬ󺰣ǹƺޱȡ
ү
Զݺݵȭͷɫ԰ף亹ˡͬѾԽԽٶҲԽԽ죬оµĴض粨ΰ㼱
һͬŷɱʵʣ̼ĹڲΪɱ֣ɱĸ֪Ϊ
군ˣ˼ūţȻʥʣͶ˴ӣ˶ˣ
ʱ˿ֵ̣̿Īˣվԣʹ˿ĭȻϻ򶨣Ķ󣬻·ѾǺ䤱˻ֲ̿ѡ
ʶһԶ壬˵˻ܹıǰĴôҲֻʣˡҶҲ֪һ㣬ıѾȫɳˣҼбҲܵסһͬ
ͬսǵս̫ڻʵ۶޹ʦڣֵܻܹסǵټʦеҴ壬°ѳǷͳһ޼¡
ҪǣʱѾˣ
壬ڱҲֻпˣ
Хͬ˴Զ棬Ҷƹ߸ߵĹǽ˴ϣȻȴһȻɫҲ΢΢Щ԰ףĿıӰʼޱȡ
ˣͬ޴󽫾˼һͬɱ
ͬһʱ䣬ͬɱϢҲţһƬҡ
ʲô
ͬķˣ
ô죿ڸûжıԸͬˣ
һɲǣ˵Ŀ׷٣Ԫһɲɫ԰˲١Ϊʶͬ˾˵ս˲Խףƾڵͬ˵Ķ֡
ѾúΣգ㲻ʺٴھͻ뿪
ҧҧͻȻٵδ䣬һݵٵߣһѾͳץ˹ȥ
үںˣΣȫսҲԲ¡
ʵ򲻵ѣֻǿ뿪ˡ
ৣ
Ȼһץȴץˣֻһ̤ƣںܹ֮һץ
ڲʱ򣡡
ɫݣһ֣ص
۹˶ϵڽҹǸûк˵أȻҲ֪үļƻһа취
һ仰ϣ
Ŀǰ٣һʱ֮侹Ҳ˵κȰ˵Ļ
ХŴһɫĳȹҲͬ趯һɲǣĿⲻԾ˻ʹһ֮͸޾Ρ
壬֮ˣ

Զͬ¡¡ԽԽ˵Ŀ׷׼еϣһɲǣؼžš
ǺǣǰԶˣ
˵ĿУ΢΢һЦʳжָ̽뵽ԱߵУȻһöӡ
ˣ
ССĶĺͫһ·һ£˲ʧȥԭĴݡ
󣬶ԼеĽҲ׷ױɫڣÿ˶ףͺЩӵķ
ôܣѵбԶԸ˰˼һͬ
һɲǣҲΪ֮ݡ
ո߾ӥʯϢսǿ൱һƺתƵ˺⣬μսĸ࣬ҼȫǬš
ڵӦѾޱãʵ벻嵽׻ʲôֶοԶԸ˰˼
㻹ı
Ŷ壬üͷ壬ɫޱȡ
ǺǣԸ˼ò̫ǰ˵ΪãȻҲа취ͬȰΪã
һƵᣬͺγԱȡ
ǰˣ
ž
һ䣬еİžһɫ֮ǰöСС£һɲǣ𶯣սնΪ֮һ䣬ӿľײ˽ʯ
ɱ
Զɱ죬ͬԽԽ˶¶˽źͺµɫΨɫ糣һ

ʱ˿̣ʹϣ̳һͬȫװɱڣ籼׳һ㣬ǰ̶ȥ
һͬȫ棬ǹƣ֮ʮҪˡ
֮ͬģĲӰͬĺһ㡣
ˣǰǻʹˣǧµıأս֮󣬱
˼ԣһͬսͻȻǰ
ȫ棬ȫɱ⣬һǣֱһٻ
˼ϢΣɽʹһ㣬һ˫֮Ҳɱ
ûлͷµͬһѾûʲôѡˣΨȫ壬֤Լδ»ʵǻ֮ӵһϯ֮ء
ϣ
һ˼Ȼһ鳤Ǳʥͣ񽣡ͭȸֱָգһɲǣ󣬽ֱ͸
ȫ
һ쳹أһͬɱڣǰȥ
󽫾³ڴ˵Ⱥʱˣ
˵ʱʱ죬һͬＴŹŷʱͻȻһۻͬӴգڰ˼ϿȻը̺ľؼ硣


1771 Ȱ˵
ϣ
ͻȻʮƥսܵ޴ľţ˻ɧҡеͬսϸѵۻȻͬһ㣬ѵصͬսҲһܵӰ졣

ƺƣһۼͬսͻȻʲôָԶе
˼һ˳ĿȥֻĺڰӰվڹǽ£ԶԶԼһ
ӶԷƺѾһˡ
һۣ˼ûһ̣ǽϵĻԾ˵ӣ˼ͫһıɫ
³
˼дһȻ³ûй̫ĽӴǶλ½ıȴİ
Դӱ¼֮󲻾ã³岻Ϊɣвڼңÿݣְλ壬˵͵˼㡣
³͵͢ϲô棬˼ôû뵽³ʱ֣Ҿ͵ԼĴǰ档
ˣ쿴³˱
ߣһֹǵģ಻ǧѵֹһͬɱȥɱƬײ
ͬΪУֻ·һ

ܿ죬˾ͷ˲һĵط³飬ȻվıһųķԴ
ЩȫźɫļУںڰвۣټ˵һʼͱʹſǧ¼±һʼûע⵽
ӶԷֻǧңһͬǰվֻ촷۶ѡ
󽫾֪Ͷ˴ӣҲ֪˴صڴ˵Ⱥ򣬴󽫾һ𣿡
ʱ³ޱȣٴ˶
ˣǳȥֱɱ
һͬսɱ糱
˫һ׼ɱȥ׵Ľɱ³ǧ
Ϊ飬ӵе±ȨܹʿҲԶͨ˶ö࣬Ҳᳬǧ
Щû⣬Щʿ
Щʿ϶ľ񣬺֮ͬҲвСĲ࣬ɱأضȻ޴档
һ£
ԤϣûͬսԶ˼ֱһӣֹ
ˣ
ⷬ仯ͻһ˲ɫ㵣׷˰˼ԭٳĶ飬Ҳ˲
нֹֻҪ˼ͣеͬﶼԶͣ£Խ
ܿХţΧһƬžԭĺɱҲ˲ʧ٣ձùޱȡ
˼࣬һĿԶ³бò
ԴͶһͬ˾ͽİڴӵսϣ·ˣҹ˭ǰ³˼ԥĳɱȥɱƬײмסս³Ǿ䡰
Ȼ˼֮Ĺϵ̸Ϻã˹֮սʱ򣬷ʥگͬһԸʳˣ˼Ҳûʲôɫ
˼ɵģǡǡҲλֻʮ˾
֮ǡİӡ
Ƶϣӵ漣ͬ˻˵Ѫ;̿ѵϵУµͬ
ֻҴؾװһ֧ս˿ͬ˵սУ˴ʳ۹µľ˾š
ͬ˵Ĵ˵λǰʱԵء
ð˼ɵģı
ɺϣʳ˳±򣬰˼ΪɡȻû뵽ƺԤϵǳȱĴ󱩷ѩǰóھصһ٣ڷѩг׷𱱣ôʳ۽ʮ
º룬ⳡѩڴʳ۹Ҳʷǰ꺱Уȴƺ֪ôһǰδеĴ󱩷ѩһ㣬ֱ˲˼顣
ֹˣ¼¼һϵ¼嶼֤ʵԼı󶯣κ鶼̣һʮ
ⳡʹңʮֿ˱ͥƿ˾ʦĸţȴɶ˼أٰ䱸˵⡣
һͬϢй¶Ǳ֪Ǿĳʱ䣬Լ·ҲӦôƫƫ³ȴ֪ĴȺڴˣð˼мΪ
С޴壬˼˿⡣
ţȥûҵκ˲
˼΢΢۾˸ƣͬһʵǿսһӴӱǰʻȥ
ˣ˵ûͣ±ˣ
棬³ʮԭ϶ľɲһֱעŶİ˼ͬ޴˼һϲѹͻȻڵ
³û˵ֻ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ͬ˵սʵ̫ǿʦ֮мûκһ֧ǵĶ֡
Ƕ˵ֱӳɱ³Ҳһֵסٶļı׼ٶļƲߣҲһʩչ
Ǽ¡
³͵һƥս˴ԡޡ۳ҶӸ߸ߵĹǽ£Ŷİ˼˹ȥ
Хʮɵľ룬֧ңңԣ˭Ҳû˵
ͣձ֮֮ǰҪţȻʱͣ˭֪һ̸Ǳ
³ˣ֪кָ̣
˼ȿڣƼžɫأ³ǳɵ
Ǻǣ󽫾֪ʱ֣һ仰ⳡսͬ޹أ󽫾δ
³΢΢һЦڵ
³Ļеͬս׷üͷ
Ϊ˵仰𣿡
˼ڵ
˼ˡѴ
ûлͷѾֵزôΪ壬³ȼ仰ͻȻձǻ֮
ǺǣⷬҲԤϡһ䣬󽫾ֻͶӣѵûʧܡͬ˻ô𣿡
³
ˣ
³һ仰˼Χͬս৵һɫ
ڵĴӣռ˾ԵƣʳǶĿ֮£ƾս︨ƫƫʥִ־壬״̬Ҳǰ˼Ͷӵԭ
ʧܡ
˼ȥֺ
ʲô˼
˼ͫһ
˵ⷬǱˣ˼⣬壬³Ͳòˡ
Ǻǣ󽫾ˮʯ䶨ʱԶҪ¾ϣ˹֮սҲ˾ôƱذ𣿡
³
һ˵öİ˼ͼͬսɫʱޱȡ


1772 ı⣡
˹֮սʳ˵ıʮڴƣ۴ĸ濴ƶذɣӮǳսȴƫƫǴơͬһв˲μǳսԴϤˡ
ⳡʹң˱Ѿôռ˾Եƣһ̣жʱЩȷˣرǰ˼һ˫Ũüʱ
Ӳ䣬߸׼ȷǣͬ˲䡣۹һվ飬ͬһֻзɻ³
е
󽫾˵ϧպʹ󽫾˹սꡣ⣬Ҳ֪󽫾һԥص׼һţ󽫿һۣҲˡ
³һ΢Ц˵ĿУָһ飬гһ׼õż㣬˹ȥ
ˣ
һĻ˼һͬսʶҡҡͷҪֹͬѾЧ˴ӣʱ壬ܻܿҪ鷳δ»ʵĻɣԲ֮١
Ǻǣͬ˵˫£ѵһ𣿡
³ЦЦ
˼Щԥⷬһ৵һ³Ƿż㡣
˵ˣţ
ż㣬˼ܿ쿴
Χţ³ͳǷţ˫־¡УȻһֱֵʮֵݣʱҲ΢΢Щš
ⳡսϵشʦѾΣѣȻŽ󵽵ܲ˵˼ͬ³жûаա
ռžһƬ̡˼Ƿż㣬ϱò˭Ҳ֪ʲô
û֪˵ʲô
󽫾˵ⳡս¹˭δ֪󽫾ɺαʱϽ־δʱ֣βٵһȡȰϹۣȵ䶨ʤѷ֣󽫾ϡ
ʤˣ󽫾ƽȿԽͬ˵ٵͣҲΥͺԼŵԡ֮ʧܣ󽫾ͿԺϣҷĶʥʱģܱͬһһٴٲ֮أ
ȫͬһ˵Ҫںõöࣿ
³ɫ
ͬ޲򣬴󽫾£ÿһͬöףѵҪ֮аװ𣿻ϣ󽫾˼
һ仰˵ð˼ԼΧһͬսɫ任ѡ
ͬ˺˲ͬÿһѵҪѼʱ䣬мҪʮĿ̿ѵΪˣǷǳҪսҶǲͬͬҲս
ͨˣڴƹϵһս
˵ϵİӲһеشͬôͬʤҲҪƵĴۡ
ͬ޲½ʧǧͬ˵ҲҪʱָܻ
ͬܳܵġ
֮ǰ˹֮սͬѾ˲ٵĺˡ
ףɣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ڰ˼ͬս⶯Ҫ³˵ʱͻȻһӺ󷽴
ѾƣǧҪǵģǺе⣬ǰרдǵۣףѵǶĻţ
ѭȥֻһӰɫ䣬һƥߴͬսǰ
ͬ
³ֻǿһۣɫ΢䣬ɫһ˵ⷬ˲Ǳˣǰ˼ӣͬ
Ͱ֮ͬ£ҲԼ˵һЩԣѵӪʱͬһʾڡ
鵱÷зΪ¥̸ʡ
³뾩ʱھ¥ҲŹ¡
ͬԶԴ¹ڻڴʱ˳
ʱҲͰˣʱ򣬾ƶʱö˼Ϊ
ˣ
鷳ˣ
³һȺϾɲɫѿޱȡ
Ȼͬһϯ˼Щ⶯Ǻܿɫһʱٴαñ
еĺ˽УǶкѺõĴڣһºɧ͢󶼻Ľڶʹһú˵Ҳʹ
һ˵Ǻ֮жԺеġ±࣬ȴûʲô˽죬һɫĺ
Ȼ˺ȴӲùˡ
һͬ˵òûд
ͬүû㰡Ϊһ˽Ѿͬһ涼ˣ
ۿƲһоҪΪͽͣͬգ֮ҪٴηʱͻȻһ󼥷ĴЦǰ
ʲôˣ
ⷬͬȻŭŤͷȥֻŷ򣬾ǧηη±Уһġһ˵ķɳ۶
ͬô𣿡
΢΢һЦֽµϸ৵һժͷͷ¶һ緢ӡ
Τ˼
ӣͬʱѿޱȣǵ߸˹ʱ߾Τ˼
ѵӪѵ֮󣬾ǰһû뵽ʱٻأһⰲ±С
쵰
ͬ˫ȭգаޱȣڿ϶Τ˼صذԸġ
Ȼһ̣յУΤ˼ӳŵķ򣬳ͬ޴󽫾˼ķ˹
󽫾ͬү֮Ĺ˽Թүںʹ󽫾۵ȴͬһδأŲ˵󽫾Ҳס
үͺ֮Ĺϵ̫ãһүϣǺ˻ǺˣүԳŵ
⣬үҴ仰󽫾䵣һʥʣֻҪʥʻڣ¼䣬˭Ҷͬ޲
Τ˼΢΢һЦһۣȴǲźۼƳһԱߵİͬɫʱøѿˡ
ʮĥһķ˪ຮѽΤ˼ԼһȺѵӪѧĥĽȡ
񣬾þ¶ĹʺͷâĲ˵ƾΤ˼ͬ޴󽫾˼ǰ̸Ц˵ⷬѾ֮
һ࣬Τ˼һرʥʶ֣˼жĲһ£˾ϡ
Σ۹Զ̫ʥʣ˵ףվǶͬмӰ
뵽˼Ѹ̧ͷĿҲüᶨ
³ԸͬҰҲ˵̫ãʱ䣬һܣ˵ǰĽ֣ǻǻԥĳ
˼˵仰һӣתѸٳĴȥ
ף
һԣͬɫ䣬û뵽Τ˼ȼø׸ı⣬Ѹٵȥֹʲôǵõȴһ߳
ӣסڣ㻹ӸҶĳ󲻹𣿡
ʯ䣬˼Ǳͬһʱһ仰Ҳ˵


1773 ʥӪ
գ
Զ󣬺ףֻƬ̵ʱ䣬˼һͬȥ
һȺֻʱ빬ţԶԶûȥ
У
ͬʧԶ³ϣһ
˽ʮϴ󶼻һӳճ棬ˡ۹ͻͷǶ³˵һ̲Ѫ̸УȴԶеκһսҪյöࡣ
Ͼһսϵʵ̫ˡ
һ̸УͻǸͬү׼
³ŤͷһԵĳΤ˼Ҳѡ
һȺϲҲͬ£ôһɲǣǿԸоͬ޴󽫾˼Ѿ¶ģ׼֡
Ȼһֱ򶨣ʵϣĳڸû˵ֵס
ǺǣүҲΪԷһԣһϣҿԲóȽϺá
Τ˼΢΢Ц
ԤԤϡҲһ֪ͬ᲻ǽΤ˼˻һߵķ
ͬ˲ôȰģֻǶ֮ˣңҲͬ˵档֮Ǳ취壬Ĵƽ֣
³
֮£ѣֹӣδ֪жҪܵǣ³ҲԱҲڴʱֵԭ
ݣ
ЩͷԺһӶ³ܿضȥ
̳һǰʹţ
³һ䣬תһĶǧͬһĺѸٴĻʹţŻʹŶȥ
ƵĻʹжϡĴţƽ糯ģ֮Ϊţ߸׼ȷǡš֮⣬Сš͡šֻǼţԶûСšôˡ
ˣͬ˻û뿪ǡô죿
֮УһϾɲ̲סɫЩ
İɣ˼ͬ˶ñǻҪأˣͬҲɾµһˣ
³˵仰ϣһɫľ޴⻷±ŷѸɢ˽¡һɲǼ䣬ǧϢ䣬ٶȶʱһأٳŶȥ
³ȥ֮󲻾ãſڣΤ˼Ƭ̣Ҳ΢΢һЦһǬšźŵķ򣬵ȴûǰתѸٴţʧһ
ⳡսŸոտʼ
ҲиҪȥ

һطͺĿԣ˭Ҳû˵Χ㡢ӡԼ񺮵ȫڲ
һͬ˰ӿѸٵȻֹѸٵԶȥǰ̶̵ֻʱ䣬ͷ벻ı仯
ʲôҲƵı仯Ҳܸоóͬضʲô
٣ķչͬӦѾšǬźˡ

ֻϢʱ䣬һֻ磬ѸԽ߸ߵĹǽ˺Ľ֮С
ˣˣͬˡ
һֻǿһۣʱɫޱ䣬ҴҵĴǰ
Ȼû߼оһȴ
סڣ
ȻףֻһʱɫһϣһҲ˵
ͬ˳Ѿʱ˵ͽҾģ
ȻҲô
Сˣ벻˱ˣ
ǰ꣬ء
Ǻǣ˵ǰܹ˵ܹΪԼãȻҲԣ
嵭
û˵ֻ΢΢΢΢šıƽ޲ȴ˵
ǰ꣬еһθоһ˿̾
ͬƻзǳҪһȴѴ֮Ĺ߽⣬ΣƾУѷսѾܾûˡ
һǣڣһεɢģú֮ǰȻͬͺһòеıҪʣ¶Լɡ
þûָоˣ
ʯ䣬һͷӺԺзӶ
ò˵ⳡ֣ǰλܵѪڵĸо
Χ֮ոԽļžͺĿͶԣ˭ҲûкˣҲڡ֡סļΧȴľ
ˡ̫ˣ
󷽣һҹ紵ͷ˿趯޽ȴһ˿亹ĵôһɲǣָо⾩ʦȻȻۼʮĴսңˣڣֻϵӡ
һ֣˷ΪƸΪ꣬ʹı仯ÿ˵ǵһ֮䡣
ССӣÿһε䣬췭ظף
ӡ̰ԹӢ۳꣬ǰˣƾһ֣ѾǸսͷˡ
Ŷ壬ڿڵ
ֻˣҲûƾ֡һսչ黹ˣ
⣬ʱ䣬Ҳˡ
壬¶һ˿ЦݣЦЦ
ˣ
ôһ仰ú˲ɫ󷽵Ĺ㡢ࡢҵˣҲɫţӿȥһֲĸо
ͬȥ˱Ϊӹһ٣ǴӺķӦһлԶûн
ৣһ̣˵ĿУһ죬ڴ˵öӣԾĻҫöӱ棬һɲǣΪ֮ᣬԭŵնʱŨҵԸӡ
ž
û˷ӦеöѾ䵽ϣһɲǣؼžʱ䶼·ͣ
䣬ƺӦһӣʹȻɱ죬ǹǬţźŵɱһܵĻ

ͬʱһֻ䣬һĴĩβһͨ죬ɫ˷ܣѸٵĳǰ˹
ˣ󷽴ϢѾɹʥӪ
ֻȼ֣ʱ·һžʯ£ڴ֮ɲ
ʲô
ôʥӪôô׾ˣ
֮УһУԭʼձ򶨣ϢɲǼɫ԰ף׻վվˡ
ʥӪ̫ǰҪϣʧȥʥӪķʥʵĴΪ
£
ʱæҲһ̿֡
һзĶ̫ˣԭΪڣӦÿԶԸʹӣҴӳĺüιҲȫܣ˭Ҳû뵽֮졣
ʥӪȻʱ򱻹ˣ
ɱ
ԶԶأʹĺɱ쳹أǬţţŵսѹȥˡĽڶͬʱҽ㿴ҲܹʥӪʱҲȻǱɽ
ǵıͲӣȫƾ󷨺͵ǿĵֿҲվиͷʣʥӪĵֿѾﵽˡ
һ࣬Ҳıɫɫޱȡ


1774 
壬ʱ䲻ˣʥӪƣ֪㻹ܲԸͬһıⳡս֣

Χճޱȣźһϯ˵Ŀ׷׼еϡ
ʱ˿̣Զ̫ͨĹС
ɱ
һĺɱ춯أһشػѵĹâУ飬ǧĽɫϵĳǰˢȥǽ£Ѫ飬Ϫһ㣬гŨҵѪζ
Źһ·ǰȥΧ飬ǶϸꪣԼ˵ڵϣѪ߰ߣʬ壬нҲʥӪġ
ڹǰˣһҵĽԼĺһ֧ϴŽɫеľӣ˺ۣڲϵȥǺ˵ĹУÿһõ͵˵ϡ
û󷨵ļӳ֣ټϾԵƣʥӪɽ
ϣ
ʱ򣬴ĩˣһ߸ߵĹǽϣһֻɫսѥӿ̤¡һֵĻ£ȫңԣڸ߸ߵĹǽս
ڿҪʤˣ
ΧһƬڰȻӿԶһϤ̫ȴ·һȼգĿѩǴĿĹâ̫֮Ҫҫۡ
̫ܳΪľ𣡡
˫ſͷĳҹ趯ͬʧΣվʤߡ
չ³ֹΪ˸ۣ
ң
ȫ
ϣӶİγϵĳֱָԶ̫ɲǼ䣬ŴӵĶؼĺɱԽļˣ޾Ĵãã纣Ŵӵǰӿȥ

ʱδ𣬿гһϢգÿ˵Ŀⶼϣ
Ǻǡ
·ֻһɲǣֺͣڣ忪ˣĿӺϣܿ䵽Žɫ̡
ǰʥӪҲһûã
ˣ
ĻһɲǼ䣬һ࣬˶סˣҲһ˿ɫ
ȻⷬӦȫ˵Ԥ֮СҪǣûף仰ʲô˼
㴳ʥӪҲûã
ʥ乬ѾɽˣûʥӪĵֵֻ֮˭赲˴ӣ
ʲô˼
ȺУҲüͷһˣЦһ󣬵˵壬һս񣬾ƾսгԹαˡ
ÿ˶֪ⷬ⡣
һʱ䣬Զɱ죬˷Ԥϵİ
ôֵزˣԼл𣿡
ܿعеĲ豭ЦЦ
Ǻǣʱ仹ûһ㣬𣿡
嵭Ťͷһ۲Զһͭ¯ͭ¯ȼֻʣСָ׸ǲһءں£Ⱥ֪ʲôʱϵġ
ԭˣ
ɨһԶͭ¯е㣬ʱʲôȻһЦΪ
⣬һʱֺη
Ǭššţڰʹȫƿ֮£ԭΪ廹ʲôУڿֻǴѣʲôҲûС
弼ڴˣ˵һ㣬ٶʱ䣬Ҳֻаһ;ı䲻ʲô
û˵̬Ѿ˵һУȴû档
ʵʤ۱棡
ԺͷĿⲻ׾Ƴһۻʹ̫ķ

ɱ
ĹƵĽãã纣ɽͰϵ̫ɱȥ
һǲǱƭˣ˶Ѿףжʲô
ң壬ʱ˿û·з£һȿֺǰɱȥ
գսڣһ̤⻷һһӴзӶ
䣬ǹһָһеʥӪʿݺݻУ͵زҽһͬ߷ݰݺݷ˳ȥ
һ죬Ѫͬʯ㣬ݺݵײڵϡΧʥӪļʿǱɽӶ׷ͬľ׮Եڵϡ
ʣµʥӪʿѾֻʣ߰˲һ̫ķˡǵӪǰ۹ԺգҲϵ̫
ԶԶȥ̫ΧһȦһȦŽ覵Į̇ףվһθߴ󣬴˵еȻ̫Χ޷ǶЩ˵УʵǿʥʵлʳеĽйš
ֻϧӿʼڣЩͬľһ㣬վһսҵʱҲͬһ㣬ͺǰսȫ޹ء֪ȷʵڣΪЩʧȥֻһܶѡ
Ҳˣ
ǧɱĴУһһ˿ɫ
еĽĴ澴ηһظֻ֪վһκս֣ʲôô
ңѵܶԿʮĴɣ
ɱҵٰݾڽգ
ϵһ͵ظ߾ٳ漴ţһڳǧ֮Уǰȥ
¡һҡضǧıǰɱȥǹǵأɽޱȡ
ٵʥӪսʿܿ챻ɢһȣһ覵Į̇ףһվɱȥ
ʮŲ岽
ԽԽ̨ϵԼĿŶϷһͺĻ˵һ㡣

ȫȼգ˷ޱȵʱһ̣ϣһޱȣͻȻС
һĿ˳ĵطȥ
ֻһֻƹǽڷ͵һסϵĳͬʱѸٵתһ£ͬʱתĻ̨ľ㣬һֱһ
սٳɱȥʱһο۾һ˫飬˿۾ͬһ㡣
һ˫۾ʱѡ

һǣ˫۴һŵĿ־塣
Ҳʱ̨ϵͻȻˡû˿Ķֻ֪ڿնɲǣһͬһʱһɰģ̫֮Ҫҫ۵ľͻȻ֮б
䣡
һɲǣؼžǿֲľ˲ѹսϵĺɱ
սϣʱ䶼·ֹˣֻһ㶨գĽХ˲佫˴ʿֳ롣
ǹɽʿ֮Ʋ羪쳤һ㣬ᴩգ˲뵽˺󷽵Ĵ֮С
ӣ֮ն·ʳ롣
¡¡һ춯صıըֱһ̣ʱŷ·ָ


1775 Ѿˣ
ɰǧĽҽţը˴գ˺ɷ顣ѪͲ֫Ž;ĺۼ˷
Сģ

һֵ̿Ĵ˷쳹ء
˭Ҳû뵽һֱ·ܰһվǳˡ
û뵽ս˵Ŀ¡
Ȼ˿־ĻԶֹΪֵͬʱ̫ǰеҲתǵĿ˫ͬסϵ
䣡
ֻգۼ䣬һһ뵽˶Ľ֮УǻֺĽޱֱ

ԶԶģһǵأϯ˵ĸ֪Уʹ̫ķ򣬴ؾҡΣһġĲҽ˷ﴫ
ҹɫдԶԶܿ﷢ʲôÿһ˶ܴЩĲҽУоǹǰĻ֣̿
⣬⡭׷ʲôʥӪѾ⵽ô£
Χһ亹죬ֲ̿鼫ȵĲ
սǳ£ɱǱɱûʲôģǰĽģǻʹĲҽ־ζԶԶʹ
û֪ʲôŻֲᷢҽ
ϰϰĲҽ˶о˲̧ͷ̫ķȥһоɲǵĽǶȿȥֻһޱȣԽǽϵںڰг
֪ܲԶΣǺжϲûдȻʥӪǴûܹ̫ڡһأǿ
ڹԣĿ뵽ʲô

žУŶ壬ͻȻƽ
̣𣿡
ȻʥӪƣǰûӮ𣿡
嵭
һ˵ţһȡһöӣķŵϺɫ󷽣Ｘİӻ֮ƣγһرϡ
֮ǰͬһϢϸ΢ȴǰӿմ֮֮ǰҪ
ֽеڣֻһ
ȻϿŻƽʵأһ̽䣬ʱп췭ظı仯
ǣѾزˣ㻹ԼӮ𣿡
һҡҡͷԶıըԽԽܼҽҲԽԽǺȴɫƽƺܽ˶⡣
̫ķҲֻмʮ˶ѣʵǿɱ˶ˣһʮ򣿡
ܶǿľһ̣
ʱ䣬˾ʦΧɽ֮Կҵʮħһֻʱ䣬ʧܵʱ䣬ȴܸıǿĶԱȣܸıʧܵĽ֣

һ˫Ŀޱȡƺѿ͸ȫ̼ƻ
һ̣ǰ֪˭ʤأ
̧ͷһƽ
ʧϷ߿ˣ̫ΧôԵΪϷ֪᲻ڡ
ҡҡͷʧ
½ǬôҪ飬Ϊûκε׼͸׷𣿡
һ䣬Χ˾Աɫ
սӹɣӻʹǵʵѾﵽһŵĵزЩ㵽ˣôսֻ֮ܿ顣
ণ
˵ʱʱ죬ͻȻһ춯صļХӻʹͬ㣬ؿռ䣬ֱںڰдԶԶ
ˣ֮ǰķԸѾȫλ׼׵ˣ
ʱ򣬷ԣһȫؼףûںڰУһֱû˵ĽͻȻǰڵжһ¡
վôãûע⵽Ǻ
Ҳˣ
΢΢һЦһ죬ڴһöӣһɲǣ㡢ҡȫһҪͣˣССһöӣ·֮»ҪҫۣΪȫҫ۵Ĵڡ
һɲеһжʱ䶼·
飡
ͬһžʯ£˵ĿУöССģĴָǰСӣڻصϡ
ֻһźͨĺӣҲ߱κλصǵϵɲǣȴоҡػΣ綼·µɲǣʧȥɫ
ণ
ԶԶأһ̶ļХҹɫдĳźһ˷ļХŴӻʹ
һ̾˸֪УһǿϢŰͻȻ㣬ڻʹĸ䣬Լٶȳͬһɳ۶ȥ
쿴
ͻȻһ࣬һļʿͫһԶʧ˳Ŀͷȥ
ŵĻ⣬ֻʹһӰԾɣԾ˵ٶȳԾȥⲢ𶯵ԭ˳ʿĿ⡣
˷һˣڷݵĹУͻȻͣǽͷŤ͵ͷһްĳ漴ͬ㣬Ѹٵͱ仯ڽڰθߣգ֮ʹﵽԭ֮ߡ
ֲֿξԲ࣬һ
ϱ仯ĺԽԽ࣬ЩðŨҵĻ棬һȻԾǽͷѸٵ˻ʹʧҹɫ¡
⵽ʲô
󷢺ΪҲûм˿µĶı仯ıΣЩ˵ı仯Ѿķ룬ޱȡ
˳ᢣܾʤǧѾˣ
ӣһڴǰվһɲǣһӴϢɽʹ󺣣ϱŷ
ϢĿޱȡ
⣬֪Ѿǰ̫͵ϧѰ׵˶Ѿתߣֻҵһ֧Ұźõľӡ
Уʱ򣬶ӦѾǰķݡҵĸۡˡЩڳϺʹԵˣҲɳһ֧ӣڻȥϵÿ죬˵ü
⣬ıӦҲѾִﾩʦҪˡ̫ǬššţоʦѾûκεϣˡ
Ӹ£ǰ壬Ŀޱȣⳡ֡ʼķӦԤ֮Уһֻɶ꣬ڲͣȴʼղѳȥ
Լȣվǲࡣ
˵ѾǳˣֻϧսֻʤͰܣͣ
˵仰תٲͣسԶȥһǿѹ˲ϯȥ
󣬹㡢ҵˣʱͫһͬˮϮֱԺ
ˣܣԲܣ
һæסͷȥɫأƺ޾Ĳɣ
ܵѹ񺮼Ҫͣͣһ̣ǰͬһΰޱȵľһʮңԼǺͺվһġ


1776 δУ
ҹϰϰһһԶȥǰȥͬʱʹĺţ׷װ½ữݱȻ޻̫ķɱȥ
ɱǣһ
һ߸ߵĹǽϣһָԶХЩʵǿĺ˻ţӿȵĽ֮УŲ̋ϵɱȥ
䣡
̫ǰ֮ڣѻΪһƬѪʮףʵǿһǽΪµոһһոЩĽ

һȥֺɣгĽ˴ҽűըѪɣϸӵӲġĵҲȫֵסɽһֽͬƬ㡣ıըУ֪жٽ֮ķΧڡ
Щǰ˵һᵽľֺ;ǵĽжôͣʮɵķ̵þͬ¡̰㣬ʼսеĹ֮⡣
ֱʱ˲ЩΪʲôʼնǰսˣΣգҪǰʱеԼĸλһⲻֹΪģΪЩ˵ּսûбҪ֡
ڲӣҲʱ໣һһ½ữĺ˸ֻף˲ϢԾ˵ٶȸ߸𣬳Ų̋ϵ˶ȥ
ϣ
̨ϣĿһ£ϵĹȴû˿ԥֻһԽĽһ̣һĽֺƵʮɳһʿգҲڰа½ữ˹ĺһΪն롣
Ȼһ̣˼鷢ˡ
У½ữĺ˶̨ϵѾʿİϣ¶һ˿ЦݣȻķ˹ǰ͵һץһѺݺץס֡
ǡ
һΣĮв͸һ˿𶯵ɫ
Ȼʵ߳ǵһ֮УҲټ˹Ρһ˱һϣɣ֪ΪʲôЩ˱ʿ廹ǿûȥ˻ܹץסԼԭ
ǰգɫһθоһΣ
ɵ
ڵһ½ữĺˣסֵɲǣ߰½ữݱȻ޻ĺХţ·Ӹ˶
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬ʱû˿ԥͻȻ̤ǰһ֮ĽֺɣŰе߰˷׷׼նȥ
䣬һ춯صıը߰˻ڰУ廹δؾͱն롣ˣź˵ļ룬սϵƽöΪ
໣
ĺУ֪ٺ˳̫ǰ˶󷽣ĺ˿磬Խһǽ
Щ½ữݱȻ޻ĺˣʵȲʤڶ࣬ˣͬʱиĻ棬Щ˵ķ񹥻£ɵķȻʱûбȴڲͣš
󷽣ǧĽźţӿľ˰㣬ԴԴϵĳɱ
飡
һģȴֲһ˻ײһٰ̣˾˸֣˫Ŀͨ죬Хŷ˶Ѹնɱ
һĻܵʱɫ
սУһֻɱȴһ
飬ŵư㣬ں˵ķ񹥻£ϵ¡
ɱɣɱɣǸͳͳɱ⣡
󷽾뼫Զĵط˫ſվһ߸ߵĹǽϣǲϵµЦ
Ѫܹ̼еԣǰһֱº͵󣬵⼴ɹһ̣׼ѹԼ
ͨλ谭˵ţ˵˵еĴͳ죬ȴʼ˵
ֻڣѾ׼˵ЩˡȻǲֻõĹޡ

ҽ֮ڶһϵ£Ҳ˲ʹĴۡÿһ£дĺ˱նΣҷֻǶڴʱĴ˵˶޹ؽҪɴ߲СڣοЩ˲Ĳ¡
ʣڵȵһˣ
ӿԶ̫бŷ˵ĹâֻҪɱЩûκֹܹڸܵ˳ɹϣ
׼һ£ҪԹȥ
ǣ
ԣܿȥ

ƺƣŨ̹ʳⶼǺɱĲҽ
һ£
ǾʱͻȻ֮䣬һҹɫ
߲ͣҲûκһ˿ʮ⣬ĽŲͻȻȻֹ
ô㻹л˵
ɫȻͣ½Ųȴûлͷ
ʲôı䲻еֻͽͶѡ
ǺǣǰˣһһûгС
һָһ죬Աߵһöɫӡ
ৣ
ĻӻɲǼ䣬ɫ䡣Ѿ߳ʮɣʱüһʱʧȥԭĴݡ
ѵкУ
վǰԶ壬ɫжɲ
ⳡսѾеֵزѾռ˾Եƣռ̫Ҳֻһʵ벻Ѿֵز廹ʲô취
ǶĻûκһ˸ҵġ
ӿʼڣѾûκ˸Ļˡ
ʲô˼
Զתǰ壬
ǺǣǰѵһֿǺСǰѾˣһûгУ
еӣ΢΢Ц
ֱһ̣˲ŶȻɴޱȣ˿ûлҵĸойâ΢΢𣬾£Ҳû¶һ˿ҵζ·һж֮С
飬ڱɫ
ȻĿתȴûںͣû֪ڿʲôǱܵģ˵Ŀת
¡
·ֻһɲǣַ·ͣһ̣˵ĿУ򣬰һ춯صľ죬һ˶̻ͻȻεضһ·ؿռ䣬ҵıը
貵Ĺâҫޱȣʮľ룬ܿ
ڵˣ
ö˶̻¶һ˿ڴѾõЦݡ
ǰҳˣ
ҹɫУޱȣ˵ĿУеö£һ̣ؾţʱ䶼·Ż˵߶壬Žɫȥ


1777 󷨱ƣ
䣡
ɫϣеö£ɲǼ䣬ضҡԭѾ䶨ս֣ҲΪһӣ֮ӿظ췭
¡¡û˷Ӧһ̣ҡɽΧеһУŽɫ̺ӣҵĲ
ֹˣĴͺʮħԭתĳֻĦģһɲǣһ죬𺳵ĿУ󷨵ϢȻʼѸںϡ
ո£ᷢšǬšŴĴڻ仯ҺͻʹΧšŵľӣԼųľΪһ壬һ޴ģתġԲ
Բģ͡ʮħ󡱵ĺĺ϶Ϊһ
ͬо
䣡
һ죬ֻ˲Ϣ䣬һһСһһڣڶΪһ
ⲻܣ
ܵı仯𶯣ȫʧȥԭĴݡ
ʮħ󡱶ģ󷨵Լĸ֪Ҫκ˶Ҫöࡣ
ֻǸоںϣɶԿΪͳһںĸ֪Уֹںô򵥡
ʮħЩϸ΢ӵͨȻ󷨽Ӳһ𣬻仰˵ĴеԴѾǾʦΧЩɽǱ˺ʮħһġʷ󡱣
ôܣ
Զ꣬ɲ
Ȼת䣬ʮħ϶Ϊһ
Ȳ˵Ҫ󷨵й켣˿Ϸ죬Ѷȼ֮Ҫﵽһʵʲм
һ㣬½ӲһҲҪԺʮħָơܣ
Ϊǵһʩչ
Ըϻۣڼ㣬ǰһĻļ֮С
ˣȥ֪ͨǣ
ʱһԱߴΪںġʮħ󡱻Ƕ˽һЩһתŻʹȥȻûݳԶͱһסˡ
ˣѾˡ
ǰ壬˰֣ɫƽΪһƻôãôǸı䣬һһأʲôҲѾˡ
Ǻǣǰˣ
ջĿ⣬ԶĺվЦЦ
ǧգһʱΪ˵ȵãȴ˺ܳʱ䣬ôȥʱӦ䣬ʱı󷨣ıһС
٣ˣˣ
аתͷһŵķ򡣴ͼֽӡһݸ٣еսͼҲȫףĴϻۣһҲ׽Ҫʲôˡ
ণ
һ̣һХƺӦԶԶĴŵķ󡪡
¡
ͬʱصײһ޴ĺӻʹܴ˵ĸ֪УصԭѾ϶Ϊһϵ޴󷨣ͻȻֻͬĳ֣෴ķת
˽Ȼ෴תʽʹڲӴģԵʼҵĳͻ
ˣ
ֻһɲǣַ·ͣһ󾪻̵ģ־ҵļУôһɲǼ䣬ʹڲһƬžʮɵġʮħͻȻ֮ͣһ£ڲǰģʧɽХȻ
¡
һĲҽʹڲһɰȻֻһ˲֮䣬ʮħͬһ澵Ӱ㣬Ȼ飬׵ƻͬʮħϢ˵ĸ֪Ѹʧ
⣬⵽ô£
Ŵɱ죬ںҵҵ˺ɱֳֳᣬ߸𣬹ЮŰģԵӰҵݺȥȻû˿ףһڵɢͻȻ֮һء
ʵͲҵֻǿ󷨵ļӳֲǿͻȻ֮ʵд㵲ѡڵʵҵĶ֡Ȼ𶯵ĻԶֹˡ
ϣ
ʯ䣬һܵĸͷһƳֻĽԭƵ󷨹⻷ͬյѸ飬ϢҲż䣬һƬ֣̿ţʱһƬҡ
Ҳʱ򣬶Ҳ˻ʹǵɽХĺ
ˡ
һɲǣ·ʲôĳˮ棬һȣҵ߾پ޽״Լֱ
šǬţʹͬ鷢ڸط
һӴӵսʧȥ֮ķѣѽƬʮħһ̣׵ıѣʧȥ󷨼ӳ֣ʮʵ󽵣ҲԵֵ
ɱ
һɱ춯أյУǬššͬʱƣµıȿֲ糤󺣰㣬ͨţһ·ݿ䣬Żʹ׷ɱȥ
ԶХ񺮵ȶǾ춯ص˺ɱɫ԰ףɫʮȻһ̣Ƶˡ
̫ˣ
ʱ˿̣˷ܵĪԼµĽˣ˭Ҳû뵽ѾֵܵزȻתս֣һ˲֮Ƶ˺ġʮħ󡱡
£̫ˣ̫ˣ
ҿһԵӣ˫ֽȭ˷ܵͨ졣Ƭ֮ǰΪȥڣµ˼
ү̫ˣ
ĿѩʱҲ˿
ܾεĲʼնţһܹʵҲȷʵˣϣûʲôԼү˵ġ
Ҳ£˵
Сˣ
Զ壬ɫޱȣ
֮ǰͬڳŴܵ赲ǽ֮ıȴûǰšǬźţǽʹ𣿡
ǺǣȻǰ
嵭ȻһЦͷ˿ڷ趯ȻȻ¶һšʣ£һУʷܺƾսԣͥģҲֻˡ
һ̣ԼΧĶӰĿҲ˾η
ǰʮħΪСõķΧֻ˴Ǭšźţһֱ̫ΧһʱǿǰĴǲܵģֻ취Ƨ辶ǰĴΧ㹻СֻڸǻʹţţţԼ򣬵ȦʷΪģǰĴȦͬоȻԽһ
ǺЦһݵ
Ҫǣǰ˼ȫǬšźţֻΪҪǿλûзӵ㹻ʱ䣬ݲá
ˣ
һ˵úͷ񺮵ɫѿѡ
ûз壬Ҳûֻʵ̫쿪ǡʮħ󡱾ûܹеľ裬󷨣뷨ϿУҲֻڴ˵֮С
ںĳﻮУѹûпǹֿܣ
սķʽںλƾս˵Ҳڡпա˻սʽ
һ࣬ȴûԼ˵ĸܣ̧ͷ˻ʹսڣɱ춯أҵ˴İӡȫȫ򣬺಼µķߣѸ߽⣡
ߵһһжѰļƻִУ


1778 ʥţ
⣬̫͵ȺǰҲصˡ
ҹɫУ棬ɱĵطȴ¶һ˿Цݣ
ǰųƾսСҴ⣬ֻԮ̫͵⣬һֱ̫͵ڣ
ʲô
ⷭͷ񺮶ʱɫ
ⲻܣ
˵ģǺǶ񺮣
̫͵ֻгڣǸ氲ӣҲزˣ
̫͵ǳҪ췴ɹɹǻҪ˵ĳϣ˳Ϊͳʥʣͱд󳼵ĳϡ˹Ѻ̫͵ȺڴӵļƻǱزٵҪһҪ£⽫齻˷񺮴
ЩתߵĴ󳼣Ƿ˰ŵġ
Ƕ㲻涯ֽţ

û˵ɫҲءȻûи£ȴصؽ񺮣ϸϲ彻õЩ󳼣Ϸ涯ֽţϣܳɹ
ǺǣҽõģԴӵģǵȻʵϣҲ÷ʲô򣬲ʹӽõˣҲҪûǴĻ糯̫ʦӦûɣ
忴һ۷񺮣ЦЦ
ৣ
Ļߵɫ৵һ±ò԰ޱȡ˵û糯ȻʦȨ󣬹һȫμˣ̫ʦȴûг̫֡ʦѸߣǴһ㲻Ҳûʲô
ؼǣĳᣬ񺮷ǵã̫ʦûȴһѵ˵
̧ͷЦЦӣʱʲô˶ʱȣӿһľѾȥˣû뵽ֶαĻҪ
°ɣ
ʱ򣬺ڶĿһתܿԶ壺
벻һ֮󣬴һ֮У̫ʦλߣֺʹӽ֣û˻עⲻΪˣŻᱻáû⣬̫͵ȺҲӦѾ㰲˴˰ɣ
ǺǣһֻȥעġҰаŵȻѾǴߣǰͲ١ˡ
嵭
⣬ķݣҵĸڣǰءˣǰĸţӦÿ԰ǣǰɹȥıӦǻزˣıǰ͸Ӳصˡ
˵¶һ˿Ц
ৣ
˵̫͵Ⱥߣº󲹾ȣôı֣һԱ򶨣
ʲô˼
ʹңҹϢضңκʱĳȻҰ¼ĶŪã䣬ʱ򣬱߹ءľӾͱ÷ǳҪ
͢ĽϱĴס棬ȶ֣ҲǺҪȵͱͥŷԭ򣬵˼ƺԶô򵥡
Ǻǣǰѵû֣ˣĴû뾩𣿡
岢ûлش𣬶
ৣһ仰˵ú񺮣ԼжͳͳɫһѾվռƻĴӦѾ뾩ϸʦ֮лһƬǣ˰
㵽ʲôѵ㻹б
Ȼɫһֱ壬ʱܻбңѾţɽ赲ʦ˰ҹʱ֣˾ʦսһ
ǺǣԸòֻ̫ǰһֽѣ
˵һ䣬ӹһ˿Ĺâ
һ࣬һֽ֣ˣͷǻɫһ˶ʲôþ˵
ž
Ƭһļž
ͺԶԶԣ˭Ҳû˵ҹУ˵Ŀ·ǳѩ絶â
ħһߣһɡⳡ֡Ǻ壬ڻƶԷֻǣΨһû뵽ǣʹյģǷŶǼٵġ
˼ȻѾϸ嵽ֵز
ƣⳡ֡ʱѾǰʼˡ
ããã
֪˶ãһļžУƼžڿˣ
ǾʰȻĵӣ㼴Ȼαװţû⣬ھʦĸţҲӦѾռ˰ɡ
ûпڣѾòŻشˡǺŲߣʲôԵھʦĸţû⣬ȻҲˡ
ͷȷʵҲòһûͽܣ껹յͽܣˡֻǿϧȻǳڣȴվ˶顣
ֻһ˲˫֣һָܿɫѸƽ
αװţҵʮħ־̫͵ڳɸı䲻ʲôʹʮҪǵأҪʱ⣬̫ͨĳʥţһһ֧ɰ׺ͳ죬ҪҪϸʱ䡣ֻϧѾûʱˡû⣬ʹսҲܿҪˣȵе£ûκ˿赲˽ĽŲ
ô࣬󡭡һҪʧܣ
˵󣬺壬ҡҡͷһ
ıȷʵҪʱĻʵֵȷʵںչֻͽͶѡ
˵ô࣬һǰûӮ¹˭Ҳδɶѵ𣿡
΢΢֪ȴǳԤϵĵȻ
γĬû˵ʲôⲻһδ仰֮ǰܻ֮ԱǣôΣԸʱҲҹٶ˵ʲô
̣
Զͭ¯һ̻ɢСϵĽѾʹڵսԶûнԶԶҹдһĺɱҵǡĴԾ˵ٶȳŰ׺صĳʥŶȥ
šǬšźıѾȫֵסǡ
ڵȣͬڵȣ
ȵǳʥŹƵϢȵȴ̫ƵϢⳡսһѾӽβˡϵĽѾǻʹţշ֮֮ǰҪš

ʹʥš
СӣǲСﰡ󷨶ˣ
߸ߵĹǽ棬һӰһϮۣؿϵͼĿޱȡ
츮
Ȼܹһϳ˵ˣ֮ǰܵ츮
֮ǰܣ츮ûˣʵ̴棬һλʹң츮ػʥš


1779 ׺ҵˣ
ٺ٣ֻǾЩϧСӻ̫ųˣҪոǰ߼ⳡսͽˣ
츮䣬Զһϸȥھ岽ĵطһ츮ͬװһ
Ϣ糱Ϊ֮߾Ȼ츮֮¡
˺Ȼ
ⳡʹң˰׺ݰسʥţͬʱְ츮΢ĸ֮ǰӴţ̤ʮħķΧڣʱԵľࡢ츮Լ׺ݺĸ֡
·ǿ߶Ԯȴֻ·һ
ֻϧ̫һֱûн

Хվڸ߸ߵĹǽϣ衣ҹɫУʹŨ̹ܣɱǾ춯أһܼףѸٵĳ
˵λÿȥֻ߸ߵĳǽ£糱ˮĴӵ
ˣ
Ǭˣ
ˣ
ڳʥź֮䣬еĽңȻˣ߸ߵĹǽϣλȴͭ㣬һƬƽ˿
ߣһȺ϶ѣ
ڣû˿Դͨ
ŴĿ˵Ŀ
ţ
˵ʥźصĴŽĹرգͬһʱ䣬һ֧ųһеķͬһӰ㣬Ѹٵİغ󷽡߸ߵĳϣ츮Ŀ磬ӹȺѸٵȺм桢ҵ͹ǵϡ
һǣ˵Ŀޱȡ
ֻҪɵЩˣЩں֮ڡ᲻ս
׺ޣ˰شţҪκͨģͽˣ
츮Ӹ£Ⱥеļˣ͸һ˿̵Ĺâ
ֻҪ׺شţٸɵЩΪ׵Ľ죬ûκܹʥţŵǵļƻ
һ࣬Ҳ¶һ˿аЦݣ漴ӳͷųԾȥ
Ȼ󣬴飬н֮츮΢ǿ˵ء
Сģ
ԶǧĴ֮Уһƥսϣͫ΢ķһĺ
۷۹󽫼ΪΣһּǿҵĸ֪ӿʥһѾע⵽˹ǽϵ˸һּΣյĸо
ٺ٣Ӧͦ죬ϧˣ
У츮ɫĮһΪŨҵḷ֮́Уһöö׶μ̸֣ľѧ϶׶

ⳡսӮˣʥٶãҲҪһյʱ䣬Ѿûһյʱˣ
ԶŻʹĺɱͻȻڵ
Ǻǣǰƶ
̧ͷҹɫУĿЦЦ
Ǻ£äĿžԴˣ
ֻǵȻһЦȷʵЩ⣬ţǬţô챻ƣʵǳԤϣʥȴȫһˡ
׺ѾȥȡԷͬʱһҾе󷨣ñǿҲԲһյʱ䡭
ȻĻû˵꣬һ̣һĲҽͻȻӳʥŵķͬһʱ䣬һ¡ľ죬ԶʥŵĴһ̷·ҲȻ

ɲǼ䣬৵һ±ɫ
ܣ
мԺֻʣͷ
Ǻǣ˸㣬׺ݴһʼʵҵ
ҹɫУ΢Цţ˵仰
һɲǣ˷Ŀɿڴޱȡ

ʱ˿̣ʥţУ츮ż˹ȥʱ򡪡

һĲҽ츮һĻعͷɲǼ俴һŵ龰
ڳʥϷŤֱһĳؿ̶ֱһϤӰսף˫סǱĽ
·ԭӦں󷽼ز縺εĽʥźȻ򿪣Ӵźӿ
׺ݣ
һĻ츮ɫһϣҪͣˣôû뵽ΪΪصս׺ݾȻʱ͵ϮǣԼ֡
䣡
룬츮һΣѸٴӰʧһֱ׺ݡ

ͬһʱ䣬׺ڶཫʿƺ׼һӵ׷׷վڰ׺ԣȻһػսĳΣҺͰ׺ڵϢΪһ塣
ǺרŴ׺ݣ赲󷨡
䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬츮ֻһƣ׺Լܵڶཫʿҽţɱɳȥ˴˺׺ȴҲɹıܹһ
ԭ£Բԭ£
УɫҲתôصˣҪݣȻȫӰ죬ɱżǿս

ɫһԥľһĳ¡ֻһ죬׺׼һģԺ֮һĽȴҽţ˲䱻ֲĺɫͬķм͵שһըϸ߿ա
Щ˵ʲôˣ
һĻ׺һ˲ˮסЩ˶ǴɹģЩ˵ȴӲͣ׺Ҳû뵽ǾȻǿֵز
˿һϣ
Զĳ棬ҵǣƣеĸְȫ˶ųʥŶȥ
ɱ
ͬһʱ䣬ıߺţŴ򿪵ĳʥŶȥ
ЩϣͨͨҪ
УŽ飬˷ӵĴ츮ɫ͸޾ɱ¡ֻһƣ԰ټƵҽţ˸߸ͬ߷ݰ㣬ȫܿƵ׷ɳȥ
ٺ٣Ϊͨ𣿹ūɣ
һ࣬ıųʥŶʹһҲʧأ߸ߵĹǽϣҲķһȡͬ㴩͸գҹдԶԶ
ণ
ڰУ˷ļХ׷׺Ӧգ֮䣬ͼԶԶӰ׷ƿնԾ˵ٶȳųʥŵķԮ
ɱǣ
ҹɫУɱݣǱŰһڷӵĹУͣŤ仯һ׷װ½ữݱȻ޻еĶħ㣬Ű

仯ֹˣ˶עЩͻȻֵĺʱڰ׺ĴУҲĴ˵ĺֻ󷽴ʮԭŽ׵ʿ׷ţҲѸٵİ½ữݱȻ޻


1780 ϵӰ
飬һڽĽûӦǰһģĲӰһ̺һһֻ˵Ƶ˲͸ţǰӲ׶֧飬ֵסһƣ
⵽ʲô
˫ԲĲ˼飬Ѫ飬ͣӿֻһգ۱Ϣޡ
飡µͬʱΧĽЩ˷ˣ޷޵ĺ˲ϵɳȥ
Щһ绢Ⱥһ㣬ǵһ֮С
ס
ס
˷׷׽ȫȥֹЩˣЩӴжѸͬȰĺǰȫֵס
âһһźɫĻַɳסһڽ
ֻüһĲҽУͬڵǺɫĦ֮ճһѻҽ
Щ˵ķ񹥻£һһһһŵĽϵĵ£лȼյĻҽеĺ˶ųŷ˶
¡
ͬһʱ䣬һ࣬츮ֻһƣͽ˶ļ桢ҵ˷׷ɳȥ
ƲЪ䵽ϣ԰ټƵĽػ׷ײҺţͬҶ㣬˷ɳȥ
ЩķˣҪȫɱ⣬㣬Ȼ˺һҪʬΣ
Уס棬Ŀ۹ĵѸԶȺеİ׺ޣɲǣǰ׺޴Ӻ͵ϮһˣӦ죬ƾǿΪһŲ࣬ƫת˰׺ݵıһɲľڰ׺ˡ
һ˰㣬˵ֵزԲ̵ģֻϴˢֳ衣
ˣ
оϱŷǹŨɱ⣬׺ͫһ˲ɫ
жȫļƻУƳʥţЩֻǰ׺ΨһûϵģԷʵԶԼŵĻҪǿöࡣ
һɲǣ׺ӿһǿҵΣոС
䣡
âһѸʧУͬһʱ䣬ϰ׺һݣȫȼա
ʯ䣬룬׺һΣѸбɲȥ
̫ҫ
׺ڣŷȻΪһƬ̫֮Ҫҫǧ򱶵̫ڶ֮һΪȥ
̫ҫǰ׺״ľѧһ˲֮شʱȴ׺Ĺ
䣡䣡
׺ݵҫ۵ķŸոݳɣͱУڿҵıը
׺ݵĵڿŤѾˣȻӲеˡ

׺ݻһ͵ſһѪ˶߷ݰ㣬ط˳ȥ
̫ҫվãӹɱһ
ڰ׺ݷɳȥʱֻʥ⣬ҵ桢ϣԼ˵ɸɳȴȻ츮Ķ֣׷ױɳȥ
ߣЩ޴ϣΪͿԻʤǰֻСĽɳѣ
츮쳹ء
¡
һƣ¡¡ضҡҵϣͬɳȥӵףɵֵסɿµ䣬ʮصײڵϣϵĿ죬һʱ黨㱻šһţѪӿЩҲûܹ
̫ǿˣ̫ǿˣսʤ֮ôܻ˿µ
ҵȫѪ˫Ŀͨ죬ҪҧˡѾȫ书ʩչ£ħնʩչˣȴȫĶ֡
Уǵֵסȥ˶
һ࣬Ҳ촽ѪѰܣ˵ȥΨһԸɽеˣֻѡ˱űһҲݸͶ״ϵԷȻ˿¡
ΪɽԪһл֮ͥϵޣһӼߣ书ÿһڼ֮¡ǵһΣЩǰǸоһĿ־塣
ǿѾﵽ˾ĵز
˵ĸ֪Уûκһ˿ϣҲܣ
ţ
ͬһʱ䣬Զ²ôһӣ飬ʮܳ䣬ַͬױֱе츮ȥȻâһûˡ
¡츮ֻһ£Ǽ䣬ը춯أʮܳ˲䱻ɢɢһأӪҲĴ֮У˲Һűɳȥ֫ϱ衣
Ҫɴ󣬲ϵĳϵĵֵڵĴܣҵǹƶҪɱˡȻˣҲֻǹӲдѡ
ٺ٣Ϊе³죬ͳͳ
Уɱ׺һȻȴҲͬеɱ⡣
䣡
˵ʼĿģֻ׷ɱ׺ޣô˺ѾȫˡĿֻɱ¾ֻǰ׺ޣڳ˶
ھǸܾζ
ջıըһһ쳹գÿһɫ£гɰǧﱻգ˼侪ˡ츮Ĺ£ʥǰʬҰ޵һ㡣
ʹŴ½ữݱȻԼ޻˵ļ룬ɱʽķ񹥻̫ǰһһϵ¡
ɱɱɱɱǣ
ʱ˿̣ҫվںԶɫŤʵֲÿһ˵֮ǰ˴ĺˣеĺǰͺ̣ηʧ侪ˡ
죬ҿ˭ֹң
쳹ҹաǧգһʱǰƬ̣Щ̫ǰȫɱˣˣǿսôãΣܸٴۣҹҪϵıΪľ

ʹ֮Уҽ֮ڶƼתֱ£ʼöһ༫ΪŨ̹ñ֮ǰԽŨңһܣҲ֮֮ǰԽĳңҫ۵Ļֱ͸ʣʦϷĺĲҽǴӻʹдԶ
ʱ˿̣ԶԶģһطҲ˻ʹеĶ򣬲ҽڶս»صԼУһٴѹ˾棬սڲϵ
ǺǣļƲ𣿡
תͷ塣һʮᡱʩչٶֶΣ彵˰׺ޣҽ嵽ߣһ㣬ûϵھԵʵǰһվֻ߹ѡ
棬岢û˵ֻɫޱȡ
һսϵش۹ϵһҹֹǺ壬ڰУ֪˫۾ڹעһС
ʹԶĵطո
ռؼ㣬ʦ˾ĸ֮ۡУһƬ谵ֻһ΢ĵƻںԺɢөĹâոһ義ʦոܵǰ谵ѹ֡ʱ˿̣ûж⵽ոĺ԰УһϵӰһϣŻʹķһֱעһС
ǺӡѾҪֵסˣ
иӣͻȻһ̾Ϣ


1781 Լ
Ժ֮һƬžţ̾Ϣʲô
үġҪȥ𣿡
ãһϵͺ󷽣ոϹܼһ£ӣǰıӰǡүʱȫͬͬһԭƽĳˮͻȻ֮䷺үϣǰǴûгֹġ
ȻҲһֱϣүܹ߳Ժӣ߳ǴĽᡱڼʮ֮µͷЩԥһɲǣҲ֪ү˵Ǻǻ
Ǻϣ縺̫ĶˣһսѾˣⲻӦһ˵ս
Ĭãڿڵ
һսȻУȴһֱڹעţһԿƿشֵĴӣѾ㾡ȫˣܹﵽֵزѾǳ˲Ŀˡ
µģҲԼʦȥˡ

һ̾ϢϹܼѾѡ
ˣ
һ̣ϹܼҵĿУ˫ְŷ֣վϢԭȥһͨߣһǣɽһӴϢΡͦεɽһ㣬ϱضƺΪ֮ɫ
̫ڱ£Բ𣡿ҪһκԼˣ
һ͵͵ૣһ̣Ӱ˲ոĺԺʧ
䣡
ͬʱʧɲǣһ콣ոǺƺƵĽֱͨأضΪ֮Ȼʧɫ
ǡ
ǵɲǣؾ㾲ʹ⣬Ŀע⵽ǵ콣
ʥţ츮ɱķ˿ɵǰʬҰ飬ʬ壬಻Զĵط棬׺ݣҵȫѪˣΧĵϡ
Ѿ㾡ȫȫ˵Ķ֣ǰ׺֮ǰ͵Ϯֻˡ
Һͱԣͳͳ
У츮׼ɱ䣬׸ɵ棬ҵ˵ʱͻȻ֮ɫһ䣬˲Ťͷ˻ʹϷոķ
ʲôˣ
оǹɳĽ⣬Ƥ˲ɫΪﵽ־磬˱Ƿ˵һ㣬֮оϣһȴ˸ов
Ҫǣ˶оĵǵϢǳԼġ
ˣ
Ȼֻһǵ콣ʧͬһʱ䣬һֲϢޣ羪գҹɫгŻʹȽ

оԶǵٱƽϢ˲˳͵һ£ɫ˲ѿޱȡ
ϼһ㲻˵ʲô
һֱϣܹƵ̫µԣһһһĶԾǺ֮ǰ뷨
ⳡսı֮ĽѾµֻ֮ѣȻȴʱҲַʽ
ʦ
ͬʱҲоϢдϲ

ʹſڡ
ϣ
ǧµıڰعţͬʱĴܣͻȻ֮û˿ףϵĵȫ޷ԶоҵĲϵ׶ϵ
⣬ô£
һãȻ޴룬ȫ֪ô¡
쿴ʲô
ڰУһµıͻȻָԶһɲǣ˷׷Ťͷ˹ȥȻûǷӦһһ紵һģĲӰţмѸʧ˻ʹڡ
ɱ
ʱ˿̣ʮħƣţǬźطҲʧأǵսڷвıԶųʥԼǬţŵķ֧Ԯ

âһһ׷һͻȻ˻ʹ֮С
˭
һȺĹĶֵɱڣ׼ǰʥŵķ֧ԮӰɫһ䣬˹
ϼһ
ô࣬ɱ

ҹĻʹ̶ѨΣأ˷ѼУǰ߿޸֮˵ֻ·һ
ϣһȺɱڣͰϵĵһ׼ǰȥ߿ࡣ
Ȼһ̣˵ĿУǵӰֻ̧ͷһۣ԰ټƵĶûӦһ߷ݰ㣬׷׷˳ȥصײĹǽϣȻصĻ
ֻһգۣ޷ȷǲǳˣ˱Ѿ׵ɥʧսֻǿһ۾ջĿ⣬Ľһ̤ʱһ㣬м̤˲ʧ١
ҵĽ
ҵĿף

Ȼ֮䣬һ󾪺һͻȻһһΣȻеĳ֪ʲôʱȻˡ
ͬһʱ䣬һĴ죬˺ȻϵֽƬ׷ѣ
ǵʲôˣ
һɲǣ˷׷׿ʧķĺȻ
ʹţǬźţսڼҵĽС
ɱ
ܱµıƣǻʹ൱Ľ
ҵҲͰˣŹ裬˷ĽҸȼţɱ
ˣ
âһֻ˲Ϣʱ䣬ؿռ䣬Ƭҵս
ɱ
˫Ѫ죬Ҳ룬ֳֵɱڣɱ
Ѿɱ˻ֻҪȷԼˣɱ䣬ʹɱ֡
ǼĿһ䣬˵Ųǰ飬ûκεǼû׹ô£һɳȥݺݵҽ󷽵Ľ֮С

ֻһıըǼҹȥĶ·ڵһ㣬ÿ˶㽫Χʮҷɳȥ
ɱ
ߵĶɱ԰ټƵĶͻȻı䷽򣬳ɱ

ֻһҽУ԰ټƵĶ뻹ʮɣ·ײһεǽ㣬׷ױɳȥ
ͻȻıʣս˸˵ע⡣
ɱ
һɲǣɱ죬ıķɱ
ǿֻǾضдĶ֣ܲ˵ĳ
䣡
ֻһѵľ죬еսͻȻϣĿ˻ǧƵıûг·𱻿񱩵ľ˻УҺţʮɵľ룬׷ֽͬƬ㣬ɳȥ
̣۲ֲûκεͺЩԼԼײɳȥһ㡣


1782 Ϸûɷ
ô£ѵԮ𣿡
ô࣬ȥɱǣ

ǧƵıɳȥıע⵽սϲĶһͳɫ͵һӳͬʱһ˳Ǵ֮Դɱȥ
ȻûԶϣͳֻһɣûӦô£Ǳʮıѳȥ
ͳʶһץȻûץסȻ𾪵Ļںͷ
ϣ
ֻһҵĵ˷ܼ֣ͳ쾪ĿУսǧĵ׷ƿնѳϸ߿գھʮɵ֮УһƬ󣬿ޱȡ
⣬ʲô
ͳ쿴ſɢɹâһɫ԰ףޱȡ
ҲǶǿߣһɲǣЩĵϢ˴Ϊһ壬ĸоУͬڰһ־޴̫㣬鲻ԽĲһСĸо
ȻɵηģǶϷȺǸЩˣԷȴܸоԷϢɽʹһ㣬֮Լ֪ǿ˶ٱ
ߵĲө֮°㣬Ե
ͶԷһսͷ
ʲôˣǱôܻ˿µǿߣ۹󽫡۹󽫶޷֮⡣
һ̣ͳĶսʿвˣҲηˡ
Ǵƾ
ͻȻһ֮вҴӵܣȻѾʮ겻ܶ˶֪ʲôǶЩѧԨԶӵ˵ڿĵһۣǾͱ˳
ڽ裬ͬʱֺʹ˵еģһģһ˴ƾ˭
ʦдԣ˵ţ˱ţʱﻹʲôɣ

һ˲䣬ſǵħӰ˷Ľɫ£׷׷ڵϡ
ڳ˵˼Ĵ˵ģڴ˵֮У̫ڻʵʱս񣬾ҲݵĴӢۡھ֮У˽֮ΪеӢۣ֮Ϊһ׷Ŀѧϰİ
µıΪӵܹ֣λ˵еľ˭ܹε
μ񣡡
μ񣡡

ټսϣһһţǧıľη׷׹ڵأԭҵսͻȻࡣ
Ȼʱ˿̣ûô࣬ĿһɨǶ¸ߴΰĳʥš
ѪҵѾ֧Ųסˣ
ˣ
ֻһɲǼ䣬ãã޾ĵ֮ԶĳʥŶȥ
¡¡
ը춯أĽƥֹе츮ڣЩ½ữ޻ݱȻĺҲ׷С

һ½ữǿޱȵĺ˻ûзӦһ͸üģᴩ­ǣӺ״˳˴۾ſ죬ʱڵϣϢޡ
һ࣬ݱȻĺ˻Хƾǿͻ׷ŰɱΧİʿӵܣͻȻ֮佣Щ˻һΪ߱ӹںڵͷ­תţա
Сģ
һǿ߸оͷΣХˣͬʱʩչնݣǿԼ侪˵ٶȶ֮УҪЩɵɽ
Щ˵ķӦν죬նݸǶľѧʩչ۶޷ϣǰֻһЩ΢ϣеķҲȫͽ档
ۣ
һ£һյĵطȥһֻ̣һֵĲҽһոջʧĺֳģѪľ׮׹ȥ˵ڳһ
ЩɵɽһȫϵҪѨ
ЩǿޱȣһҲһɱ
쵰
У츮ȫֵķɵɽȻ֮俴һĻбŭޱȡ
ϼһҲɱҵˣҾɱˣ
У츮ŭ𣬶򵨱Ȼ֪ԷǺʣԷΪ˽ЩƵıġȻˣҲ

ĿһȺеҵ
˰ľϲ֪ʲôɵĿףϵ˵Ĺϣֻ˶ҪΪԭڳЩ˿ͱɱˡ
ˣ
ʯ䣬һΣ˲ʩչǹʧС
Сģ
˵ʱʱ죬ۿҵҪɥУͻȻ֮䣬츮ͫһһҲ룬һУһ϶׶ҵǰλ÷ȥ
϶׶ͬʱ츮һΣͬʩչǹԾ˵ٶͬһλùȥ
¡
˵ʱʱ죬˳ֵɲǣһӰɵתŨ黯ʵͻȻҵǰƥҵıֻһ춯صľ죬ƺƣɳʯһۣվԭһ츮һΣڰ
ɲǼ䣬üŵߣɫޱȡ
һȻжԷվڵ棬˫أգͲռƵԭ򣬵ǣôʱڣս֮Уҵ˵Ĺ߾ԲǷ֮
ǿ
ǿ
츮ͫ΢ɫޱȡʵﵽּӵĪͨѾ紫˵еɷһ㣬߸ϣٵƣѾǹв
ÿһλ޵ġ
ҲΪʲôԳΪɷ׷˺ǿΪϵԭ
ǰߣϵλལǿߣȴһʷǰвС
࣬㵽ʲôû˿Դﵽֵز
һƬžУ츮ڰУͻȻˡ
ⳡսɷսҪ֣Ը⳼뵽
츮ﵽּ𣬼˶Ӽߣ츮УҲô࣬ЩϵҪҲֻܳΪūȥ
Ƕǰ࣬츮ˡ
ǹ֯еԶԶԽṦѧ͵ѧĴնݣҲԶ޷֮ȡǰ࣬ûʹκεȻƾĽʹﵽ˽ǹЧ
츮ļУ⻹ǵһ
ƾһ㣬ǰļֵ
Ϸûɷ𣡡
ֻһ仰˵츮ʱɫޱȡ


1783 
ʶ̧٣
ɫ˲ñޱȣ
ϾϣȻˣҾ
ˣ
һ䣬ˣȻñȸոոӺڰͷͻȻǳǳ֮˲ٳǳһöö貵ǳɭɢΧˣϸȥȻһ޴󷨡
ɭ޽ϣ
ľѧ츮ͬóǿǽ֮ǹֻ֮֮Ҫλ࣬ͿԼƶԷ϶Է֮ϵ
ԸЩǿߵľУ΢ǿߣ֮УҲҪʵ۹󽫵ļֻҪļľźʹá
֮
һ䣬ɲǼ䣬һģһʱ䣬̹һٶʮ˿ǳһߣ䵽ϣͬʱž޴϶ͶӰâ󣬽ֹˣµɲǣռ䶼ˣͬ㣬һС
һɵɲǣһһֻ޴īɽһ㣬ص֮٣·һҪǽղ֮ҲҪΪ촷ۡ
˾Ƿˣ
ϱϣ
ǰֻԼɱ֮ڣðĴ۰ɡ

һɲǣޱȡ
̫ˣ
ʱһϵ߲ͣƵͻȻԺ𣬳ʱϸСޱȣǧ֮⣬գ֮䣬ͬӴߡһʶ˹ȥҲʱǰഹµͻȻζ¡
䣡
ʯ䣬һ촫Ŀռ·һֻεľ׶ݺݵػУɲǼ·ѵĲֿѷ졣
ôܣ
оɾ˵ı仯ͫ͵һ£ͺһ㡣
ġɭ޽ϡ΢ǿ߶ܽУȻ˲ͱĽ󷨡
𺳵ĻֻԷֵʱϸûǿ֮ûʹȫ
һССôôǿߣ
ˣԷǿԶԶ
Сģ
ʱ츮ľӶߴķӦν죬츮ɲǣʹǹʧԭء
䣡
ʮ⣬Ÿոո֣һ̣ʱ䶨һ嫵Ľռ䶼ԸѣɽХӵصױ
ֻһͶ壬ٶ֮죬Ȼǹ޷ܡ
еһоֹУԶվԭһзһ󹾹
˭ôɷҪǿ󣬲ҾһϰķУ
ʲôһ̣ǿֲģƥĽڱը
ֻһĲҽУĽļ򡢸ͷ­˫
ֻһĽ˲䱻ֽĳ飬Ȼٽһķֽ⣬ΪϸСͬɻҰѸɢ֮䡣
𺳣
һĻ˷еĽսʿֵңİԼҴĵӣȫ𺳵˵
Ƕʶܱ׺͵Ϯˣʵɼǿÿһ¶гɰǧ˱ˣȫ޷ֵ
棬ҵֶǶ֣˭뵽վԭزûʹȫʵλǿޱȵ赭дĻɱΪҷɡ
֮оȻ
ǲʶģҲΪˣԽ𺳡
ⲻܣ
ʱ˿̣𶯵Ī츮ˡ
ȻѾˣ϶֮УҲĩȣսԸ󷨡ӡΪǼˣҲһ΢
츮ôҲû뵽ֻһУһ˵
쵰
ԭ£
̶ֻʱ䣬츮ͻعָգֱ𣬷һĴ졣
ܶʲôҲжǿƾЩ飬ֻ·һ
ʱ֯ڣ⻹ǵһ䡣

츮ɫһ죬ɫָ·ңңһץȻȻһ̣Խ͵鷢ˡ
ˣâһʥŸǧΧڣͻȻޱȣǽһ֧֧ȼյĻͻȻںڰȥǻȼգȴûһĹâͷųȫһԺڰ硣
ô£
УĻ֣̿׷ʶȥ
ڰУһ촫˷׷ײһ𣬵ǼߣҲȫԷĴڡһ־Եĺڰ
֮
϶Ǿǰļ˲յ
϶ֻҹ֮ʱҫ֮Ǽȡ⾳ɡ
Χڣߵĸ֪һЩͼʶң
ֹˣ֮ҪĻǶԸЩ۷ǿߣһ֮ķΧǿߵĸ֪;ͻܵѹƣֱӰԷжϡ
ڸ߲ε츮ҲûȫƿأЩ̫ȶ֮Ѿ˲ôˡΣࣨ
䣡
֮£Ƭͬʱâһ츮ʩչǹ˲
ͬǹ츮ʩչҪʩչҪûκεƽˮ㣬ûзκεĲ
¡ֻһգۣ츮ָһţһŨģ̺֮ĺڰ֮ͻȻ츮бŷ
ǹŨĺɫâէһ֣жʱѷ죬ռ䶼Ť粣졣ɿµУֻ΢ǿҲһˣֵס
¡
˵ʱʱ죬ۿҪ츮£һ̣벻鷢ˡ
ֻ˫΢գͷûأֱʳжֱָָ罣֮٣ĵǰ
¡ֻһ춯صľ죬츮ǵأɽХХʱ°㣬ȫֵһԴ

츮ͫһдΪ𺳣ֺƵưĹȣƵᣬûκεϢй¶⡱ʵǣ츮㾡˶ȫ޷
ⲻܣ
츮ɫһ䣬һ̣츮˲ʧٳʱѾһ
¡
ֻգ۵ʱ䣬츮ǰǰ΢īĳٴαŷ


1784 ¾ԣ
ȻһƥĽܼ֣ӵصױŷΪһܣٴν츮Ĺ
һΣΣΡ츮λñòÿζǸոʧ˲һȻͬλãϢǰûκεϢ¶츮αλãҲĹжôپףƺÿζǰֵ֪λá
ɣԪ
ʯ䣬츮ķһȣ¡¡һľ죬һǳС󣬶ȻӺڰ翿ͬʱغ
ˣ
˵ʱʱ죬̺츮ȫһֵɲǣƤһԭյſ֮бŷһĿޱȵĹ⻪
ȫʵ𣿡
Įʥǰδ䡪
䣡
һģһֲ˼ٶȣ˲ö̺޴ıԪ
һɲǣʱ䶼·ֹ
츮ĿУǿѾ͵ĥ̴СǷıԪͻȻзֿһɿֲһΪһεĽը
ʿͬʱһĽ˲佫űԪֿǵĵ̶̵ֻʱ䣬ԭӦñըıԪͱг顣
еһж˲ɣʼգǿűԪûгֳκαըļ
¡
һ֮ĥ̴СıԪų׵ıըȻˣըȴԶ
ôܣôпҵıԪ
һ̣츮Լ۾
Ԫڲȫܵ˼㣬ȸ΢ԷȻԽıԪһΪȴûʹñԪը佣Ϊ֮ֱš
ΪѾҺ࣡
ʯ䣬һͷԺзӶš츮͵صһţЩУȻܹƾһ֮ǵĿֲز
ӣ
츮ķӦ죬̾ʶԼ׷ߵĶ֡䣬һ̣û˿ԥһɰĸߵȼ츮ڱֻһգۣ츮ڰɿ⣬Ӷݶȥ
ⷬٶȺףһĻҲƤһ£΢΢͸һ˿⡣ܿ죬ͻָ
Ȼˣֺαؼߣ
΢ɲ죬ÿһֶ츮Ķ𣬾ͺĶ߽һ㣬츮ֱľսǼ䣬·ȼգ츮ȼ΢Ӷݶȥ
ɵľһӶ츮ٶȼ쵽˼㣬ʥҲѸٱ֮ԺѸԶȥ츮ΪԼӹһٵʱһϣĮͻȻڶ
¾ԣ
ֻǼ򵥵ĸ֣䣬һ̣һɻҰĽƥӺ󷽵ֻһʿգҲ͸츮ţظһڴĿն
ǹɻҰĽڴ͸츮֮ƲЪббֱӺ뵽֮ϵҹ

ϣ츮ġ֮ɢǾ˵һ˷ǧĽķһ桢ҵϵ˶ޱȡ
Ľǿߣһɲʲôϡ飬һӣͨ쳹أֺֹټǧɣֹˣȥһԵĽۡ
Ҳ书߾ʶֺ֮˿ֲĽ
ⲻܣô˿µĽ
У񸮾һݴգؿǵͨĽҲ۾ɫ
Ըоһ̺Ŀµ֮ϵ߽⡢֮ڲϵɢ뵽ÿλÿһ࣬ÿһѪ⣬ÿһϸ֮С
츮ؿڵĿ֮£Ҳڲϵ󡭡
츮һΪ񣬾壬Ȼϴλ츮ҲûзǰǸصİ׷ߣʶǹٶȱ죬Ľ΢϶Ҫ£
һ棬ȫԽԼ
䣬ôֹܻ
ͷԺһ̣û˿ԥ䣬츮ѸԼ֫Ѫ⣬޾ѪѪͬʱ츮ڣһö߳ӲӣƽƳɵĽͻȻ֡
öǳ·ʥ߹أէһ֣츮ɢȫѪ飬ȥȻ󱬷һɹĽɫѪ⡣
¡
ǹɽɫѪ츮ڿһѸ԰ٱ֮ǰٶȣӶݶȥֻһգۣʧ١
ÿ죡
۾£ʶǰֹܿͣˡԷǳ죬ĽȫΥѧ츮ڴľѪҲ׷ˡ
ֻһ˲ܿعŤͷ
ϣ
ı׷׹أʶֲɱһһһˣĶ֣˶Ǳﻹǰ֡
ǰǻ£Щ𣿡
ڴʱӧ佫ǲʧʱȵ
Ͷ
Ͷ
һɲǼ䣬ʥǰлڵֿվŵĶһЩ׷׹ڵء
˸ңһΪһҲǾпΪȺףȥﻹҼսȥ
մＰ壬Ҹһλᣬһ𣬲ҷľ͸һ
ڴʱͨҵһǱȸ־޽߾٣ֱָգǿ׳˶ģһּǿҵѹȸС
Ը׷
Ը׷ˣ
ʥŸһߺɽѣʱﻹʲôѡ񣬾ҵ˵ģһԿӣΨһ·
һԣǻ⣬һУµıҵЩͶĽ
⺢µļһЩĽ죡
һĻҲһ˿ɫ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ܹλĻᣬѸнЩⷬӦͻν죬ƾһ㣬Щ꣬¾ļ˲ǿ佫
Щ佫ҵǲ̫ˣ
ԺͷܿŤͷ˻ʹ̫ķ
սڼһ̣׼ʹʱһ·оʲô
ǡ
üͷ͵һ¡


1785 
ɱ
ʱ˿̣ʹսԽļңĺŽ纣ΰ㳯Щӿȥϵ£ȥҪ˶ã˾ܹɹĹ̫ˡ
ãֻһܳ׹̫ˣ
󷽣趯˫ȭգһĨĨ˵⡣
󷽵ĴڲϱƽʥƺҲʲôѾȫ˲Щˡ
ֻҪ̫ܺ淢ʲôӰ첻ˡ
ԣͳͳ
Զϵµһ󳩿졣
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬ۿһ߾Ҫ׹ƣһͻ
̫У˭Ҳûע⣬һֻɫĸսѥοŽɫƺɽͼ͵Ĵӵ̤˳
Ƽ򵥵һڽصֻһ춯صľ죬̫ΪģƬ纣˰ҵĲƺȫӳֻܲɫսѥһ㡣
ˣ
оҵĲ˷һ˺ͽһ̧ͷ˹ȥ
˵ĿУһڼ佫ɫɢɽʹ󺣰ϢȻ̫ڿ˳
̫ΧԭʵߵĺʾЩվڰ̨ϣظλ·ܰ㣬һǾǿλͻȻֵĺڼ׽ǰϢҲһأ˫Ĳͯ׳һ㡣
Ȼ𾪵ĻԶûн䣬ҡضһ죬գ֮䣬һһڼ佫ȫװӴڿ粽߳
ǵĸȺһ飬ӴڲϿ̶ֻʱ䣬ǰĲܹʮڼ佫̫߳ɫĳڴ֮⡣
ЩɫĮϢ㣬ȼգʮվһȦ̫ס

ʮħĺڼ佫ǿ˶ɫη壬ʶȥ
Σգ
Σգ
ЩȻֻʮٵö࣬ǸЩ˵ĸоȴеҪΣ
ǵʲôˣ
һֻɨһۣӦԷޱϢ¶ʱ类һ㣬вȻ

ʱ˿𺳵ģĪԶĴˡ
һֱΪҪϾ֮λ谭Щڿȫˡ
ôܣЩ˾ȻĴڣ
һǣͻȻСʱһţ˵̫ЩڰĽʮǿʥʻʥĵĻμӹʥʵǻʱǳңºպչ͡
֮ʮ˱㳹׵ʧû֪ǵ֣ںڰںڰҲںڰ
ӳŹǵ¼ȴδۼһֱΪֻԶﴫĸ֮ԣΪţǴӴδһоȻġ
ô࣬սپ
ʱ̫ǰ飬ԭסĺˣͻȻһһɱڣƻٴγŲ̋ϵԼɱȥ
ಣһ½ữݱȻĺɫ𣬻Ծ˵ٶȣȳʮڼ׽ȥ
ǵٶȿ죬˱ǵٶȸ졣
ҹУ
һһ޻ĺ˸ѸӹһĮ̇ףһЩɱȥ
飡
һ˸֣һ죬һĦֶ̨֮һ
ۣԭֻȭͷСĦ֮մЩڼ֮ѸٻΪȼյľ޴򣬶޻ĺ˸֣һϷ
ȥ
޻ĺ˸֣Ȼһ飬һĳӵо޴󻡶ȵɫУǱйЮŻ㳯һնȥ
һͻûκףһֳ೤ϸСƣˣֻǸܱ롣
¡
Ȼ˵ʱʱ죬ڵµɲǣ䣬̨ڼ׽ڵһըĦ֮˲䱬ըΪм˷
ͬһʱ䣬һֻǿƣźؼףͭһ㣬ֱһ̣ԭ߿޻˸֣˲Уָεסʺ
ꡣ
ֻһ죬޻ĺ˸ֻûӦͱ̨ϵһķʽѸ˲˸˫֡˫Ŵ䣬Ʋ㣬лζڵϢѸٵޡ
ûжκεıһּ򵥵ķʽɱһ޻ĺ˸֡

һǣ˷пһĻĺˣжޱȡ
ܹ޵ĺ˶֯ڵǿߣϢǿۺǿޱȣ˵ڣӵֻΪԵĦ֮
ҪشҲ
ȻЩ̨ϵȻָ͸ɵֱš
ÿµʵ
ڳʼ֮˺ܿ췴ӦЩ޻ĺ̫ʮʵ̫ǿ
ɵͣ
ɱ
ֻһɲǵʱ䣬˺ܿ췴Ӧĺˣͬ񣬷׷ǰɱȥ
˱Ǻη֮еĽܴͳ˶û·ԡ
һ춯صĺɱ飬ãã޾ĸԼ㣬˷̨ϵЩȥ
Ĺգߴֺ̫ǹû
ϣ
˵ʱʱ죬һǣ˶жһεĵһּٶȴӵڰγɲǼ䣬кͽĦļޱȵ˵ĶĤҪѡ
䣡
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬غ̫ǰ˵ĿУһڵ⣬ֺƵһ˰εضֻһǵصĸɫ
ֲĵƲЪǰڷΧһĿ꣬˺ͽɫڵԼХļ꣬ȫ촷ۡ
ǰ˴þͬһֽƬ㣬˺Ƭ
һлֻǿʼ
䣬ʯ䣬ʮ춯صĺÿһǵⷢΰ̫һʮȻݺ¡
£ԭ춯صĺɱ˲ʧ
̫ǰʮվλΪ㣬ȻԳʮޱȵĵۡ
۱ֱһ㣬ᴩսķΧڣ֫鲼һʬ塣еĺ˺ͽֶ׵ķ֫⣬ǿֲĳ޵һ㡣
ţ
̫ǰһƬţ
ѪͱŰĺˣʱ˿Ҳʶȥ
ǰ̨ǰʮɫؼףĬһΰޱȣҲֲޱȣͷ·ʮԶɽһ㡣
ЩηĺˣоĿ־ͲֻʮˣЩ˵սȴֲš


1786 
ô쵰
Զɫ԰ף˫ֽգɫѿޱȡ˭뵽ۿžҪɹȻͻȻɱʮֲ
Щÿ˶ֻһĴܵԳܵش
̫ô˿ֲĻܣ
ӿԶзߺޱȡʮĳȫļƻչ¶ĸоУƺ˵۹󽫣ôܣ
۹ڣҲֻо۹󽫣ôһ̫ʮ۹󽫡
ܣⲻܣҾţ
ŭ
飡
ʱһǰһ̤ʱ򣬸һĽ´
ã쿴£
Χ󾪺ϸ΢ľٶ˵ע⣬˵ĿУֻʮ£Ȼ˸ʮƵ貹⻷
ʮ貵Ĺ⻷ţ˴˺Ӧͬϵǳ㡣
ϸȥͻ֣ᷢһ貵ͬ˿߰ڵ潻֯Ϊһص󷨣ʮ
󷨵Χʮ󷨵ĺȴ̫Ĵ
󷨣
ƾ󷨵ӳ֣űôǿģһɲ˷·ʲô
Ȼʮͺʮħһ൱һڵص׵ʷ
ңʮ󷨣ԷΧҪСö࣬Ҳζʮ޷뿪̫̫ԶҲƽٳ֣Ҳٳֵԭ
ˣʮվҲԳΪԿԽһǵ
ˣϣͨͨϣɱǣ
˭һ̫ͻƽ򣬴͵ȯһֲ
ǼأǣǼ֣ɸĺ˹Ͳɱǣ

ͻȻ˫ĿѪ죬˵Ϣޱȡ
ʤֻһֻһѣʱֹͣôܣ
£ǵѾȫɳȥˣʥʧأںȫֵ
ոյϢλһһˣλ˵츮ҲѾ˻ʹ
ȰŵĺѾȫˣ˵ˣѾ˿ˣ
һһϢϴ
ʲô
»㱨ϢɫһȻһһף
ʥʧأɱ˿á
ôû뵽̶ʱѾƵ˾أʮأıȥˣѵһ˿ɱô
أǣȫٽʹ֧Ԯ̫
һ˲Ӽ뵽ıͥʱôҲӦõ˰ɣ
ص£ʦűᣬıȫ򣡡
ʲô˵һ飡
ӻȻףĲš
ŲѾ𣿶ѾǣڻʹʲôֶΣȡᣬһţʵµѵͻƲ˼˰صĳ
£Է࣬аǧˣðŽıͥƭǵĳţǱȻȫ򣬵ʱڣ޷ͻơ
ٵͷֵ̿

վɫ৵һ²԰࣬ʱһ仰˵
ǧˣİǧˣһеô£
ԺһƬң̶֪ʱڵ׷ʲô
ǶӺأǲᶫţ̴ǵıȫٳԮ
һܿ
袣һΪף˹ϵΪܣһ¶ԴŲٵľǿ˼нӽıʱܹΪã
ص£ѾϵӺӣλţ»䣬ͳԷ糾ʹͳͻȻ֣¿˵²ǵ
⣬ʮħƣ³ǣӵıλȫϾ
һ亹
䣡
һ£վԭأʱһ仰˵ˡ
ô
ôѪôʱ䣬ѵͷ򲻹һʮ
ЩˣǵʵѾԶԶ˷ףһԳΪɺѵǵɹ
ô޷ţռŴƣ̶ʱ䣬ȻƵֵز
ΣҶһҪӮ
˻
¡¡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬Ժиոͷһ̣ҡضû˷Ӧһ֮ƺƣɳʯڻʹϷ߿һ֮ջҪҫţͻȻƺڰھ춯صĺУһʯһ㣬֮ƣŻʹ׹
һɲǣʹ磬
һХδ㣡
һĮ˿ĸ飬ͻȻӸ߿ʹ
¡
δ䣬һ̣հĹâ׹˲Ϣص׹ڴʮĵط
¡¡쾪ر䣬ʦǵâ׹ĵطһŨܵƺƵ𣬾֮ߣޱȡ
â׹ɲǣҡضʳǶײҵĲ·еļװ㣬ʱܳܲסǹɿֲ֧鿪
Ǻľ죬ѹʦһе
̫ǰʮԭڲͣɱ¾Щ֮ͽһɲǣҲ˲ɫЩڣȫһ
һɲǣǵĸ֪УǵǰĹâ׹ĵطʹͻȻһ嫣հϢذӴѹǶܵ˼ѹ
Сģ
̫ǰһͻȻأٴС

ʥǰ츮֮ԭΪʮĳֶüͷչ΢΢һǹɻֺꡢƴĹâǰ׹ɲǣɫȴ˲ޱȡ
֮ڳκһ˶Ҫߵö֮࣬ʮҲԶԶ޷֮⡣
ҲΪˣҪԶǿĶࡣ
ʹǵͻȻֵϢĸоΣգոհسʥŵ֮ȣʱʧɫ̩֮ɽ㡣
Σգ
һһΣ˲ʧڳʥǰԥŻʹȥ

һжˣ
ԶԶģһ࣬ǵֺĹâɲǣӦˣĿ׷ǵ貵Ĺâһֱ˻ʹ
̳ɸߵʱ򣬺͸һ˿ѩĹâ
壬֪Եλʥʵ֪ôΣգȴɲϧðôķ췴𣿲ΪԻλĿűȻİգ
λġ̡ѾˣһǿݣһսȻһֱ̫޳һλǿǵĴڣԼ̫λʵ£Ҳֻϣһˣ
ııǱ
˵󣬺¶һ˿Цݡ
һ࣬ƺƣǵǰĹâ׹ĵطϯվڶ棬ޱȡ
Ȼû˵˭ȴѾӷзֱǵϤϢ

ɫ԰ףԺֻʣһͷ


1787 boss
޶صǵǿ˲ĿֲھȻʱˣǳⳡʹҵĹؼط
֮УֻǵôɾѾ֮ǰһӴ󷨣ѹӡ˴
ôҲû뵽̶̵ֻʱ䣬Ȼٴ
ɣ
ɣ
ͬʱһɽѵĻӻʹ̫ǰԭѹƵĺˣͻȻͬʱ
ɣˣ
ʱ˵ĪԶĴӣʮֵʱɫԭһƬ԰ףجһһ
һɲǣӵɫͨ죬һƬ˷ܣһ㡣
ৣ
û˿ԥѸٵתԶӿǵ̳ͨһҫ۵ĽɫӰ
һݣӶȥ
ǵǰĹâ׹ĵطԭһ̻Ի͵ĹǴʱǹʧΪ޾ĳ
ϣʹЩԿ󷨺ģޱȵĵשҲǵâײķѣשƬըõǡƬģŨ̹ƺƵ֮ߡ
Ũڣںڰ֮УʲôҲԶԶȥŨģɼһ貵ģɫӰ߹ϣϵ󣬾Ӹ£˼ܿܿ
ɣ
һɲǣ˷ޱȣظ

ʱֻŨ֮УǵɫӰһƣһ̣ХԭƬ򣬸ߴɵŨ˲䵴ɢ١
ɢŨ̺󣬺Ȼ¶һ߸ߵģģɷһĽɫӰһ˫䡢ĮĶؼһܡ
˵ģ촽Ʋģġ롱էһȥ˾һεġһ㡣

ӰǻǺˣ
֮УôɾһǧȥѹҲ㽫ͼɽ˳µĿ´ڣǵ󣬻վƱڶҲ뵽ⳡʹ֮С
ں֯У˼ĿǰǿĴڡ
˵츮λʵѾﵽ̾ǿߣ۹ڶΪ֮׵ĵز嶼ҪǿĻôǰĻΪ»ҪԶԶԽλ
˫֮Ĳө֮һ㣬ȫһ
ڻǺϢǰǿߣ΢
һ̣ڶԼ𺳵Ŀ⣬Ѹǰȥһ˶벻Ķ
ʦ𣡡
˵ţһ
ʦ
ӾȻƺԶǿµĴΪʦ𡱣Զһ𾪵˵
رڴߵףͯ𾪲ѡ
ǽеӰԺЩ·ĺһˣף֪ͯЩǴģȴ֪ӾȻƺЩ˵Ϊʦ𡱣
ʵϣ»Ҫ𶯡
ײβٳ֣ҪΪɾĹϵ¾嶼ּĴڡ
ڴӣΪʹУ뿪ʦ֮Ӧú޹ԻȻִ֮񣬶ҳƺΪʦ𡱣
ֻһ㣬֮ͼ򵥡
ţ
ҹɫУڰ֮У۹Ķ΢ɲĵ˵ͷɫȫ޷е뷨
һΣĲûйҵϣ
лʦ𣡡
æ
Ѿһμÿһμоһַη塣
ǰĴڣѳķΧڵʱ䣬ѾƣڵʷǧǰĴ󺺵۹ҲûƳ
ӵһνӴʱҲе൱𾪣һУȴȷޱȵʵºںܶϵĵҵڵ֤ݡ
ҲͶµԭ
ʹ⣬ǴķеӰֻϵʼգʦֻǰһλŸԼġ
Ҫ֪һУûôȥԼĸʡ
ǲ壬Եʱ
ֻǣʦ𣬼ƻһСС⣬̫ʮǵʱ޷ͻƣ
ܿع
ʮ֮ǰļƻȫûгֵġ
Ѿ֪ˣصģһУšģͽҰɣ
鵭Įû˿Ĳ
ΪصɲǣѾ˹е
ǣһʦˣ
󶨣Ĵǣ
ʦģֻҪܹϻλһŵʦΪƹʦǽҲΪḶ́
ͷ
Ϣǿţ°߸ϣҲв׵Ϊǰ˵ѡ
ָоͺһֻһ㣬һѹɽһ㡣
ԽˣзԽ˷ܣΪֻļƻŸпܳɹ
ܺã
磬΢ɲĵ˵ͷĮһɲǣ̾ûע⵽˵ʱĿӸ£һ˿׾Ͳм
һЩȴȫ֪
İɣһģһűΪƵ˻ʣ
ĿӹܿԶΡȻƴɽ̫
飡
Уһ̤ɲǼ䣬һ絴Ϊһ⣬Ѹʧ֮С

ɱ
̫ǰоϢеĺĿȣһǿһ㣬һ˻ţٴǰɱȥ˵֮ǰĹǼĻôڣЩѾȫǺηˡ
ĺ˻Ұһ㣬̫ɱȥ
˷ЩҲ׷״ţųɱȥ

һȣеԼļʮʥӪսʿʮٴγ֡
䣡
գˮ˰ʿ£Щ˺ͽУҵıըֻһĲҽǿֲĽǰĺ˺ͽ߱߱ɣֲ
䣡
һӶĽֺƵӰɣһ̨ϲϱŷ˺ͽٴβֻһΣûκεĺܡ
ݺᣬѪɣۿһƬһƬĴϵ£ʱ򡪡
䣡
һֻɫѥӿŽɫƣ͹ŴԱʶ֣ȻӰ̤䡣ɲǼ䣬в·һ̤ĲգǼʵĴһ㡣
źߣ
ôһ򵥵Ķ̨ϣһƺһɫ䣬·һ̤ǵĿһ
Ͷǲ
ĮӰд֮УĿѣȺĿ⣬·һȺ΢һ㡣
СģʥʣȺҳӾŵ£
̨ϣһе
ɱ
Ȼδ䣬ʥӪļʿ˫Ŀͨ죬һڵڿնŰеĻɱȥ
һλʹңǧʥӪɱֻʣǼʮ˶ѣȫûףЩѾЩɵģ٣ɵ˺˿Щ֮£βޡ


1788 ռ֮
ɣ
ʥӪȫ͵Ĵһ׵ı
𣡡
ֻһ˻ǹΪһԣ緢Ȼ˳ֱۣӿ볤ǹ֮УŻ̶ȥ
һӴ󣬳ǹſ̳ձ㷢һ̶Ŀ汬
ⳡпҵĻʹУܹһǾʥӪļʿȻֶĸ֡

һߣɫݣûпһۣһߣԭŻɱȥʥӪ֣类УǺƺƵ˲䱻ȫɢ
𺧵ĿУʥӪĸֲҺһ˫˫ԼϿ֮УͻȻŷѪ飬ֻһգۣʥӪĸ֣ͷ·һûľ׮㣬ֱĴ׹̫ǰĵϣһ
̣ûг֡
ʲô
ͻȻ֮䲻֪˭ָſо

ܿ죬˶е״ֻʥӪ׹ĵطһģ͸ӰŤƺʹ˻𡣶ϸȥǵӰȻ͵ʥӪһģһ
ӳ
һдʥӪʿһ۾ˣ˵ķӦȴȫͬһ˲䣬Ӱ·ܵ޴һ㣬׷ȥЩµĶǾޱȡ
꣡
еǵӰȻܹ˵ֱ꣬ħһʵ
֪΢ϣȻҶԱ֣ʵ̫ˣ
УĮԶ˵Ķһ죬ʥӪֱ꣬ϵ̮ѹȻΪһƶ۴ϸḷ́û֮С
ʹĥ֮Удǧɣ
һ䣬ʥӪսʿ
ৣ
һ˲䣬˶ɫ
£Ǳ꣬ĥǧ꣬κ˶޷ܵġ
СģҪ嶯
һʥӪͳǿűʹǵӰħĪ⣬ֶѾȫԽ˵
ȻУȴûʼգʥӪļʿģֻ̫λʥʶѡ
飡
ĿǰûеʲôԲߣֱ̤գǰȥ
ҳӣɱ
ˣķӦҪ򵥵Ķ࣬û˿ԥЩʵǿŰǵ⣬ϢƺƣͬһĻȥ
ȻЩдŸոսʣûü֮ǰһֺƵ߻Ľһ̣䣬һɹӴѹɽ˲Щϡ
꣡
ֻһĴ죬ЩʵǿԼУجΰĴڣڵϡ
ϥǺ͵ײޱȣضڲ̨ϣеɫ԰ףͷ亹
ôܣ
һǣежޱȣΪʥߵḶ̌еǿҵְʹؼ伸ʲôܹǡ
еǵӰ˾֪ʵǿȴû뵽ʵȻѾǿֵزƾǿѹͽѹ˵ϣȫá
һɲǣҲףΪʲô֮ǰʥӪĸڿ֮ʱѣԼˡ
꣬һ˫ţʹеĳϲţһ˻Ѫǵĺڼ˳еڻѹǰȻûһ˿վ
ûõģ߾ߣǵʵǿֻᵼ¾ѣԱж
ĮմĽһ̤ôһĳ̫ǰ̤ĲĴݣƺؼûʲôֹܹ
飡
䣬Ϸһʵһ£һɹѪͬȪ͸׷϶籡һǣڲ֪پ׷ױѡ
̨ϣһԽˣһſŴ󶹰亹޽ǵ䣬ʼգڻֲѹǰе·𱻶˵һûһܹվ
̫ˣ
󷽣һĿɿڴ־η˵
Ȼųı֮һʹ֮иԻֺ˿µĴڡɱˣħһȻڻǰضûС
չ¶˺Ҳη岻ѡ
̫ˣɵǣֻҪɱЩһûκ˿ֹ˱ˣ
ʱ󷽣Ҳ˹ԶԶľȭգ˷ޱȡ
ֻҪٸɵʮûֹˣžıĴֿɼ
̫ǰŻĿǹεѹԽԽǿңҲԽԽֲ飬û˿ףͻȻѪľ׮ѸԵڵأϢޣŻĿҲԽԽ
ʱΨһվŵģҲֻʮɫؼ׵ˡ
֣
ûйֻǼ򵥵֣һ̣˲֡
ٲ֣еҪڻ
䣡
һû˿һôģֻ֪ʱһɫĵʵʣѾһֿٵ֮ƣն˻ǰ಻ѡ
һ£»ǽҲҪ롣
ˣͺĳźһڵһɫĵⱬ֮󣬵ڶĵʮƥĵۻԵӶӸնֵܳʱ䲻һλҲһʮȴͬʱִұ˴ϢӦΪһ塣
ʮΧһˣûзȻеǵӰʮٴУоǰδеѹ
Ȼʮʯ쾪һȴɫĮһ˿ûСˣһ죬ָǽڷֻſɲǼ䣬˲ŵ鷢ˣھĵطʱ侲ֹʮȫ֮Уһ
ʣͲʵʣܳõڣǿҲˡ
ǰһĻѾȫΥ˵֪
⣬ܣȻԶգ
ֻվ̫ǰһĿһ£оʲôͿգʵʣ·ʵĵһ㣬ⲢǱʵǰеǵӰϵͨסƬգƬռͬеĵһס
ռ֮
Ǵ˵֮еħɷ򣬴ӹûκܹ
Ĵ˵Уڹ
˭Ҳû뵽ھȻܹۿ
ռ֮࣬ԼҪӵޣеǵӰѾǿ˳Խĵز


1789 VSɣ
ߣ
УӸ£һЦָһգʮͬľ㣬ԳϸѺۣȻѸٱըΪޡ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬ڻͶʮͬʱӰһ߸ߵĮ̇ϣһ˲ʧֻգ֮·һ㣬ƾճڻбϷ
ϣеıһ˲ʣȻЮűɽѵذľŻն¡
Գ⻹һηԾ
䣡
˭Ҳûпôֵģֻ֪ڻбϷʱصؼ׷·ֽƬһ㣬˲ݷ飬ֻһƣͽݺɳȥ¡һݺݵ̫Ľǽϡ
ۣѪ죬󷨺ļޱȵ̫ȻҳһݵΡ
˵ĸ֪УϢѸһϢޡ
һĻޱȣ֪Ϊܸߣ˭ҲûϵȻһƾɱһ
ϣ
̨ϣʣʮһ˫Ŀһ죬һ̴𶯣ʮһϢͬɽʹһ㣬˲Ӹ򱬷Żɱȥ
ϣһ˷쳹գеճͬʱն
С󣡡
Į쳹ء
һ̽ƵϢʮһûпϵĺɫؼͬ׷飬һըѿʮһ˵ҲһȻһĪܵݺݵɳȥ
䣡
ؾʮһͬħһ˲䱻µըɳȥݺݵײڰ̨ס̫Լб෽ĵϡ
꣬Ӳޱȣôӹ̵Į̇ҲײǷ׷ɣ֧顣
еĵҲ׷׷˳ȥ
ɣ
ɣ
һĻеĺ˾񣬻춯أһ˸߹һˣĽܵȾҲŻ
飬һ˫µĮ̇һţٴս
ǹâһûƿնеĻ˲ʧٴγʱȻһ䣬ݺݵ̤뵽˰̨֮У˽ȥ
һ۵һѪ˵Ϣ˲ޣܿһغһ
ģ
һĻһ׷׷˶˻δպХһɹɽХݺݵ

̨ϣ̧ǰȥ̤ǰȥͬʱָһһӫĽɫâеǵĹâ֮գ֮ͻΪһСĽɫ޾ӿ
䣡
ɳ˲ɽХǿƲЪű׳㣬˺󷽵
һɲҡض𺳵ĿУʵǿɲȻ˲䱻ײ촷ۣͬ۳һ㣬ɢ
һָɱɫĮǰȥϲͺһ΢С¡
޴͸ȻǻģǱԳ׽ǣ
һ˵ţһ߳ǰȥĿǰų̫ָһţȴ׼˲
ˣ
ۿҲҪڻУڴʱüͷһƺʲôͣ½Ų
䣡
ͬʱһһҵĽ̫֮ҪҫۣͻȻ֮Ӻ󷽵ĺڰŻն
һʱǧ⣬ǵŤͷɲǣһѾ֮˻ͷϡ
ֻһ춯صľ죬ը˲佫û
ͬһʱ䣬ˣѿͷһǧɸߵĿպۡ
պ⻬羵ֱޱȡ

˷󾪺һɫ֣׷ȥ
Щ˵𾪵Ļ˸ҶԻ֡
ɣ
һȺ˾ţ׷̨ϻķ򣬶һЩŭһתŽķ˶ȥ
Ȼû˳ԶۣһдӰд
ЩرһƲ֪δĽѸٴ̳һڴѪ׷ײţֱͦͦĵ׹ڵһ

Ƿһ̫ǰھܯĵطͻȻһӰ
Ȼֻһվͬһֱ͸˲ұӡ
˰׷˪һɫۣޱȡ

ԶǵϤ˲ɫˡ
һʱ䣬رں£ռϣӰǳϤʦ֮У֮⣬Ҳû˿Էֲһ
ǵֲĽ۵ڶûȫϡ
ʱ֣˵ʲô£
ɱ
ڳʼ֮˷Ӧһɫɱڣ˰㣬ӵ
£
ڴʱһ̺ϵϣͻȻ˶ը
ɲǼ׹ŰϤһݣ׷ȥ
̨Ϲâɢȥֻһ޴Ľۣһ۹󽫶ԻٻĮ̇һΪֲƵƬĽ
ЩƬϣϣɫޱȡ
һȻֺƵƥǿȻˡ
ǿĽʱ䣬벻֮л˿԰ѽֵز
ŲԶһ˿ɫ
ΪﵽֵزѰеľǿҲֻ϶ѣʮҲֻǸͷԴϣȫв
һͬȻоһвȻֻһ㣬ڻ˵ѾǺܾûйˡ
ϧΪɲǱĶ֣˿ɣΪףҿһ
Ӹ£
ݣٻ˵ֻλƳ͢ľɳȻѾǸ⿪ˡ
ҼǵϢʮǰѾʧˣΪʲôҪ
ƮƮͻȻڵ˵Ļȴɫһ㵲ѡ
ʲôˣô֪Ǽ飡
ɫ΢֮ǰȻͬҲһЩ΢ı仯
ΧһƬ㵣˭Ҳ֪˵ʲô
Щһ٣ȻʧˣǾͲӦٳ֣
ڵɫ֯е䣬ҲȻ޾壺
ʮǰѾһΣһΣҶٿ̫
𣿡
һЦʱʲô
ֻϧƾڵʵ»սʤң
ȷʵǿܲսʤԹ֪Ϊ˶Ը㣬ϷԸһΣ
Ŀ򶨣ɫᶨޱȡ䣬漴һ죬߸߾ٹͷ̽뵽ͷϷҹ֮С




һը˷ӦԶԶ
˷һƬž·ֻһɲǣֺ͡

һ̣һ콣ͻȻ˶˶ĤѡֻǴϷǴ̫󷽣ʹĸ
䣡
ֻգ۵ʱ䣬ʹȻ𶯣ͺһͷţӵصƵضһ
䣬ܿ죬𺳵ĿУһĽͻȻ̫󷽵Ļʹǵ貵Ĺâҹлһ޴ĻߣȻȻһۣѸٳķ


1790 ʱ֮
ϣ
̫ǰֻ߸߾ָһգкȻһâ߳
ǳ͹ӣѾЩͷˣϸ⼣߰ߣڽϵĽ붼Ѿ𻵣Ȼ¶ĽУȴɷޱȣƺûܵʱĴĥ
ϸȥǽƺһЩСֺ;ƣ˵ĸо߹ʥޱȡ
֣ʱ̥ǰ㣬˵ľʱúȻͬâ¶ޱȣ֮ǰȣȫͬն
һǣоϵı仯Ҳüһࡣ
̫ڱ£Բ΢ҪƵԼˣ
еĳһ˿ӵɫֻһ˲ָ
ͬһʱ̣䣬һƥĽڳ뵽Ǳ֮Уֻһ˲֮䣬Ľӿ룬Ǳϰ߰ߵ⼣ͬ۳ˢ¶ԭĽ
õķϢҲʱ֣ˣеһһɵĽϴɢľѡ
忴һĻض൱𺳣ΪУѾܾûжùˡ㴫书ʱҲִֻ
Ȥ벻㻹ֶΣҲֻϣʲôҲı䲻ˣ
ֻһЦٴαݡǰȷʵǿҪһ㡣
ȻǱͳȫ㣡
һΣû˿ָ֣һգ漴һȭغ
䣡
Żһȭ̫ǰһʯ£ɲ⡰֮Уһҫ۵Ľգ籼׳㣬Ŷȥ
һȭٶȼ죬ҫ۵Ľէһգ˲ǰ
䣬ֻһ죬˵ĿУ˴˲䱻һȭ֧顣
ɣ
һĻеĺɫ˷ܣһĻȴƤһо˲ף
ԣ
һȭĸоɱ
ˣ
˵ʱʱ죬ԺвŸոתͷһ̣۽ǱԵâһһɵĽͬƽɽ㣬б󷽼ն¡
նֽƬó롣
䣬ֻһգۣʯ쾪һѾնڻϡ
һʯǧˣеͬҵıը󣬾һͺˣ߸ߵ׷ɳȥ
ˣˣ
˾ͬ㣬׷׼ȥΪﵽּǽֵನҲκʥ侳µĸֻΪ촷ۡ
һ࣬ûˡ
ԣǸ
ڽɫû͵ǵɫأעȴߡ
ʱ˿̣Ȼһ飬ƵǱ֮ϢȻͻȻ̫ǰʧˡ
߸׼ȷ˵Ƭյǡ
һɵգԻΪȻҲ޷ֱ棬Ϣһ֮С
ֱ˼顣

ͻȻ֮䣬һƾ賬׵İԵһͬʱһɼȭڣȻһһ˵غȥ
¡
һȭɽʵһȭѹ£ʱΪһ㡣⾵ҲֻһѾ֧飬ѿѺۡЩѺ֮Уԭһ˵ĵطȻֳһɵľ콣󷽣һģΡ
ڻԵһȭǰһһ˲ͱ׵顢߽⡣
¾
Ȼ˵ʱʱ죬ڻڶͬʱһ޵ͻȻ߽һ㣬ͲţǻȴǶıɫ

߸׼ȷ˵ǲӰ
õǱ֮˵ٶȰһ𣬿쵽˼顣
ǵڶȷʵķӦ쵽˼£ڳǰɲǣʲôȻͻȻУ˻λá
ڻǰһһ㣬ʵѾԶԶ츮Լڳ˻֮κһˡ
䣡
ͬžҹըһףʱһ㽣â£漴ҫ۵ĽâԼα̶ʱڣʹﵽԭٱͬһ־޴գâɣͻȻ֮䣬صʱպͺڰ׳磬Żն
һէһ֣˻󱳣һһ޻صƣЮĻԼɱ¾֮صնڻɫĻϣһɲǣն·˺ˡ
¡¡ֻһ죬ֻǳһɲɫ俢ͷ趯еıֻһ˻ʵޱȵĻ
ĻȫɸߵȼĿռɣֶ֮ҪӲҲʮֶ޷ԭ򡣵ֻһƿķ
һɲǣ𶯣˲ɫ
ʣǰͻȻŷսе⡣һɲǼ䣬е֮ġ
ϣ
һɽХһ㣬Χڣ𵴣ͬһ㣬ڻڣһǿҵʱղ֮ɢ
ϣһȦɵĹ⻷ޣѸС󣬴ӻؿɢֵס¾Ŀֲһ
Ľ磬֮󣬾һɽͶܳǱ̫֮ҪҫۡҵĽһ㵭ģɣ޵İɫ⻷ʱ·𱻶һ㣬ٶࡣ

ֹˣǵɫĹ⻷Χʱգͬһͷ׷˲٣·𱻶֮С
ʱ֮
Ȼǻڵʱ֮ʱ֮
꣡
ʱ䶼ǵɫ⻷һ죬ͬľӰ㣬ѿѺۣƺʱѡ
һˣû˿ԥڵһʱչ⻷֮󣬻âңʯ䣬ŵڶĵʮССʱ֮һһȣһһңӶĴӻ¶
һʱֻ֮ǵɫһѾŨҡܣƽһɫˣ
ȫҫ۵ĹâضΪ֮ɫ䡣
еǱѾΪؼΪµ֮ħҪ¡꣬ʯ䣬ǳҵĽ׻𣬻˻ĵһʱ֮ĵڶʱ֮ͻʱյڵʱ֮ϸѺۡ
ǵĵ͸׵ʱ֮˲һĪܵķʽ㾡ȫĽ


1791 ֮
¡
ĵʱ֮ӻڱ̺ǿʱ֮Ļ˲ڵͬ߷ݰҵɳȥصڵϣ̳
ˣ
һվǻһ̺ʱ֮¡һ׵߽ڵһͬʱƷɶɵøԶը̳Ǽ˰֮ߡ
ʦ
ʱһޱȣӹŵķԶԶ
һ࣬оʹı仯˫Ŀһ죬ɫˡⳡսʼһֱڹעʹս
ʵ̫ǿˣѾԽ˼֮ͣѰܹġʦҲϹǰʤ㡣
ǺǣСӣ˵һ仰Сʤ߰ܡһս𣿡
ǰ壬ͻȻڵһʵޱȣεϣʹ޷Խ׳һȥԮʹ
һˣ
˫üڳչҲȫɡһ֡ġеڣ壬ѾƾǴĽվʤһ
ȻУӹΰǶں˵Ҳıʵһֻ֣ҪܹȡʤʹʲôֶΣ˭
û˵ɫزѡ
ʱ˿̣ʹսҲ׽
ʱ֮ڶλ֮ûվ
ȼϵĲ࣬Ҳ޷Խ
ߣ˾ǷˣͼԿֻȡ
Įͬһ㣬ؼ죺
ڣñɣ
ɫ䣬ɱأĽһ̤Ҫǰȥ׻ɱʷǰǿߡȻŸո̤һգڤڤз·ʲôӻĶͷ
ɫһʶĵͷֻǵҺ壬ֻкٵһ㣬ԼСĮ̇ϣֳһƬƵɫͬһνҺ㣬ޱȡ
ˣ
ԭ̤ĽŲʱȻֹŲ̋ϵĽɫҺ壬Ĳ˼顣
ѪҺ
ǾȻһѪҺȻٺ٣Ѿƿʱ֮ڵѪҺҲһ죬ǱɽɫҲǻΪԭ΢ȴȷʵڵѪҺɡ
ΪһǧĿֲڣδȻȻᱻһˡ
Ѿǲϴαһ׵ʲôʱˡ
ҪǣȻȫǲãʲôʱܵˣ
ļǵãĵʱ֮ѾĹ
࣬ҵ͹ˣ
ԶͻȻˡԭɱӯӯһɲǣ֪뵽ʲôŨҵɱѸ糱ˮȥ
ܹ˵ңƾһ㣬԰ˣ
˵䣬Ѹӣǰ̫ȥ
һΣû˿赲
䣡
ؼףڵأͼȥֹȻĿǰûǣһɰʱ֮籡ɽͰľɽǺݺɳȥ
ߣڵȵһˣߣ
ǰᣬյ̫һ˿Ĺâ˵ĿУٳ˽ȥһգʧ
ͬʱϽǣŸ
սˣ
˶
Ϊ㻹ܸһЩϲʦһʧˡ
һ˵ţһҡҡͷ׼תȥƾս񡰰սʤĻԻһγɹļսУʼδһܡ壬Ҳû׼֣ⳡսѾʤ
ȵ»ʵǻȴҵĽ޾׷ɱɱɱѾûʲôˡ
Ǻǣ
ԤϣҹɫУĻͻȻЦ
Цʲô
׼תЦͣһ˫üͷ
ǰϵıµ⼸ʮ꣬׼˶󷨣뵽˶ٱֻٻ˶ٱܲƵ󷨣Ƿ񰲲֣ЩʵҪǰ֪ⳡսУؼʲô𣿡
΢۾ź̬ɣ֮ǰĽšȫͬ
ؼ
֣ͫһ£漴ܿЦ
ʲôʦ𣿡
Ǻǣʥʣ
Ƴ˺һۣ΢Ц³Ǽ֡
ԭļʥʡ֣Ժ˵һ£ıɫһɲǣͷԺеҲʱ򣬺¡ؾڤڤУ·һէա
ͬһʱ䣬̫򣬴һ춯صľ졣
¡
һ·ضҪ˺ѿһɲǣݴأޣ룬ͻȻҡӿз֮
ͬһʱ䣬صӿ۾ĵط޴ԭ纣ĽɫͻȻӿԲ˼ٶȣƺƵʦķ
һǣ˵ĸ֪Уԭᣬžޱȣһ̫Уһ嫵ĽɫͻȻһ㣬ֱ֮֮С
пƺƣƾǺ嫵Ľɫɲǣԭݷݴصصף󺣰㣬Բ˼ٶǰӿĽɫ·ܵĳٻԳԽâٶȣݵصƵض׷׻۵ؼǵҫ۵Ľɫ֮С
Ǻ
һĽʯ쳹أݴǧ壬·ܵĳ־޴Ŀ־壬궼
ڶϱ˷鲻֪ʲôʶķʱ𣬷׷۾ô˴ǣԿΪ񼣵һĻ
Ǻ֮УǺ纣Ľɫۣ˲γһʮɣɳֱĽɫ޽
ˣ
ֻһպصƱһֱ£̫գ
һѾԽ󣬳κķ룬ɷһǰҲ΢һ㣡
⣬ǡ֮
ӦңԶĺڰһ˫ĽɫڿǱɫ޽ɲǣҲ̲ס¶˼𺳵ɫ
֮
ʥʵǿһ
һԵΪΪ棬ɾһ֮ݴصȫһһԶԶ
ͬһʱ䣬Ǿ޽͵ɲǣؼһӴϢһ㣬޵УȻ̶ʱڣʼαѸٴﵽһ˲ĵزͷ·Ǿ䵽˼һ㡣


1792 ϣ죡
ⲻܣ
ʯ䣬һ̡˶һ̣飬âһոճȥĻԱȥʱٶȵأյȥգ֮䣬ǧɵľ롣
ߵޣǵܾˣ
ڣһϡƴʥͬһδ䣬¡УǱã޽Ȼն£ǰһ뻹գһɲѾն·ն룡
¡
һĽ˲ըһɲǣʦͻȻ磬ĿĹâ˶
һ̫أӺֹɡ
¡¡
ո£Ǿ޴Ľ޼һΪݺᣬֱһɲǣϵȺɽ˲
ֹˣͬʱʹ̫УһӴѹ޸Զ㱬˲Ϣʦǹѹɽʵʣ·նѹվס
飬ʦȻĽʿӴѹǰ׷׹
£
Զ亹һ¹սսҡ£ܹӵһϢҲֻеĴʥʡ
ͬʱɫҲѿޱȡ
ʱ˿̣ʦϿա

ֻһĲҽУǻֺĽ˲׷˰еĻ
ˣ
·ʱ䶨񣬾˵ĿУζסʮССֺضǿʱ֮˲飬Ŷ̶̰벻ʱ䣬ƤѪ⣬⵽ڣһѣ顣
ֻգ۵ʱ䣬λ֯УĿǰΪֹλߵĿֲڣ˲˺ѣ촷ۡ
̫ңҾŹģϣң
𣬵껹ţǧʹ걾Դ־֣Զǧ򱶲ֹû𡣲ˣʥһŤĻҲ㲻ͣİ䡣
ʥһĽ⣬ֹҲ͸ȥ㹶Ƭ̣һ
ʳ⣬˶еξˣû֪˵ʲô
̫ң
ƺ˵ǵʥʣ˶֪ʥʲ̫ңڻһ䣬ûס
ˣ
ۿŻĻԾ˵ٶȷ飬䣬ֻʣһөĲл곹׵𣬾ʱ򣬺¡¡û˿ףƹһֻĽɫͻȻ̽£һץǵлꡣ
ϣ
У˴ʥʵġһϱʱֻɫ֣ԼǹϤϢʱ缴ͻȻץסһһһʱŰеĽɫͶȥ
û˱Ȼף°˻ĺҪλʥоԼҲֻһλˡ
ȻһлŸոһ
飡
ɭ̫ڣһֻɫսѥޱȣͻȻ̤˳
ֻôһ򵥵Ķȴ·̺ϵľһɲǣմط·𶼳ܲסһŵҵĲ
Ĳл걾ҪֻɫУǵֻɫսѥ֣ôǧ֮һ롣

Уֳһ˿ȵĿ־壬ھֻɫƻߵĵطΪҷɡ
ֻɫҲͣƬ̣ƺȫûϵôһĻ
졯ּˣ
̫ǰХһɫӰۣͻȻ˵Ұ֮СȻֻһվȴһޱߵȨƴɢ
һɲǣǵӰ·ΪصģɽӴأǳǵӰǰȻʧɫǰĻӰȣҲСޱȡ
Ǵʥʣһֵʢǧŵ
̫ңСˡ
·ֻһɲǣֺ֮ͣ䣬һ϶Į˿ĸ飬ͻȻؼ죺
Ϊҳ֣ȻôһϷֻϧʹ츳֮߹ھŽҲѵҵҪ㻹ѹڵã
ոճ֣ӭıһֺĽʥֻһǾ޴ĽɫƣҲΪޡ
ʱһߣǿֲϢʥʻ֮ѸԶȥͣ
ʹ⣬˷˶壬ϻ̳Ͽ֣ǰһĻĻѳԽǵ֪û֪յĴʲôҲû֪ʥʺǸ˵Ļʲô˼
еȫɢֻʥһ۴̫ǰͬ㣬䣬һ
μʥʣ
꣡
һ˲䣬̫ǰҵĽ԰ɫ׷׹ڵϣһϻ̳Ͽ֡
֮ǰⶼڴ˵ʥʻԣѾܽǴʱ˿̣ǰʥʣʶǿֲһﻹ˿ı֮ġ
ߣߣ
һĻкѵһͬް㣬Źɢܡ
ɱаһŹ
ڴʱһͳ߾ֱۣͻȻ
Χ͵һۣ̫ǰʥʲûй˼⣬Щ˳ɱȥ˶֪ǸŴ棬ҪϴΨһĻᡣ
һɲǣнţ׷׳Щɱȥ
ʹеĺ˶ڷӴܣԶɱ죬棬ҵıҲʱϹˡ
ʹѶ

ˣ
΢ԶԶģ忴ǰĺ¶һ˿Цݡ
ʹﺰɱ죬ԼıⳡʹңʱĴѶ
Χأ񺮵ҡսܣȴЩ˵ľʲô³
Ǻǡ
ѹޱȵʱһЦͻȻ˶Уͷ˿ǰ壬¶һ˿Цݣ
СӣӮΣһ֣ҵĿѾﵽˣ
ʲô˼
һüͷ
󷽣ҲпһսܣȻѾˣûκη̵Ļᣬ£κӦЦĳ
ʵ̫ˣ
СӣȻĵӣܿϧµĴһ塣ΪΪʲôҪ̰ͼŵ̰ͼĹ»Ƿݴ֮𣿡
˫ۻſЦͺһ˺ȥαװһޱȡ
쵰ʲô˼
ΧЩɲǺ󷽵Ĺˣ׷ױɫɫޱȡ

ں£˴ȻȻĽˣûȥΪʲôһս޲ʤƾսһҫޱȵĴӣ˫ĽϿ˳֮ϣûκ⡣
ϸ˼̫ʱ̸ʮĹ֮һд֮۹»ֻڴܹĸ࣬󡣴һ˵ܹջ󣬶ںִ˵ȻԶûô
ֻǣΪΪʲô뵽ӵӪأ
һɲǣ˵ɫޱȣʱ˿̣˶ףԶϿô򵥡


1793 Ƶĺ
ʲô֮ʲô֮ϷĿģΪ˰ӱƹƻҸУֵңҵĿģ
۹ĶĿѩЦѣ
һսܽΣʤҲգʤҲãѾﵽҪĽ袣˵ֻҪڣĻλԶǸвѪĸУֺοֵأû⣬Ӧ÷˰ɣ
Ϣһֱǻʳǣڸոգ袵ϢͻȻĸ֪ʧˣʣļƻѾ˳СʤҲӮҲӮ˵ģʼգµĸһ塣
쵰
һǣ˶޲ѣÿ˶Ϊھľĸӣ˭뵽ľȻ˶񶾡
ôôɵˣ
󷽣ĻٿЦӣа޲ѣܲˣ־ٶҲΪݡ
ǰνλӷָߵԪϼҪʧˣ
ʱһĻǰϳԤϵû̫
ԪȻǴӰߵģϺ;ϣûǴĻǰ֧µľɲĩ֮ʱս
ˣ
赭дһ仰৵һ±ɫϵĿ˲ʧ٣һ˫Ŀޱȣϡ
Сӣʲô˼
ԪǳأԵ޹ʵע⵽СһɲǣͻȻһַǳĸо
ǰ
ǰһСɫû˿η壺
ֻ㣬ʱˣеһҲűˡȻ֧ļǰģ㣬һټʱЧ㣬ֻܴǵ棬ǵӱȴûзԡ
ƣ̩񰲣ո㣬֮ѹ˻ģ޲ߺڣĵ֮޲η֮׵Ĵþ档ǲΪһ֮˽ùҹ壬ڲˡǰЩˡѴˣ
ɫݵȻںֶԤϡ
ǾȻұң
ɫһ䣬ͷӦ˹ɫΪɲ
ԪŵҪӣһ¾Բᱳѵľɲôû뵽Ȼϵˡ
ҿĿģƺԤϡ
Сӣҵģ
һɲǼ䣬ɱӯӯȴ˼ʮ꣬òײλᣬȻһҹ֮ȫ֣֮βŭβɱġ
ȻΪǰҾǰݣһΣ֪֪Ϊ˧ļɻ䣬ǲӦվ
ȫ죬ڵǺ𶯣ΪһԸߣмԶ֣мȥ۷ԷΪ壬ԸһΡ
ǺǣȰǰǴеͷΪѾˣ
ȻһЦƺ֪ҪʲôĽһ࣬ûȺ֣ݶȥ
ৣ
һ˵ţһһңԼٶѸٴϽһ㱡ߣű£Ȼ¶һףȻɿҲЩƣȴͬһˡ
⣬ǰǧҪ߳ŭΪѾеĺС
һ˵ţһˣͺ֮ľ롣

㵽ʲôˣ
־ŭѾǰݣ׼ס壬ΪȻȲҲ̫ԶǿǰͻȻ֮һף׻һӽĲš
͡塱ôõ壬Ȼûз֣Է塣ңǰĲ壬ô
ǰˣԪ˳ӣĲ£
ӴЦ
֪꣬ͨӣļƻһѾ˳ɣ
ǣ
վԥȥ
쵰
ŭɱôã󣬶ԷȻֻµһúҵסƾսսʤûܹ衣
䣡
û˿ԥαڵһһɹɽɫĸߵȼʱΪһɹɽɫӼ˶ȥ
΢
ݷʮأȻҲѴﵽ΢
ǰң
μˣͬʱе
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬ۿӾҪУбɲӿһɰǵأɽͻȻͺײһ
˭赲
˫Ŀͨ죬ɱ糱ʮصĵȴһΪУϣȫɿգܹܣǰǲ壬һ
СԳ
ʱһͻȻϤһŤͷ˳ȥֻӰһſϴſĺۣòС
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ͷϵñ¶Ű׷ԲԵס
ǣôǣ
۵Ĳšǰ˺ͬʱĴڣҺһǴŵĴڡ
СԳʵһֱڹ۲㣬;̫Զˣ
֪ǰǰѣһ̾Ϣǰˣһ𲢼սѾԻȻеһжѾı䡣ü䣬ֻ޾Թ޺ʹࡣ
ڵֻΪ˸š
СԳһжжɡʱѾȥأ̫еλ͵λͬһˣǵʱĻˣ̫ʵ
Ҳ˵ˣǻֻ˵һ룬㱻ˡ
ʵʲôǺ췴Υŵԣɱ޶
ŭޱȣԹޡ
ӦҵģӦҵģϧȴӦɱ¶ҵ̩
ҲߣΣҪѪ֮以ɱֹ
һ̵ĺ񣬷·һͷҿ˰̵Ұޣ¶ΪҲΪ֪һ棬ﻹа֮ǰƾսӰӡ
ˣʲô𣿡
һᣬƽӶдڤڤУ˼룬ַ·ص˾Զʱ֮ǰǸʱ̡
ҡҷһůůĺ⣬ڴϣعͷֿǻǣӵӰ
ƽʱŵĽͷī㷢ٲк°ɫ磬ֱۺǰһģˮԼ¶Ľޱȵ飬ĺ촽ҫҲ۱
õͣһһЦͬ޵Ļ䡣
ϧʱԼĶûע⵽
ʲô£һЩҴ£һ˼ңͲزˡ
Լӣͷ˵
ǹҴ󳼣ÿ϶˯ţʲôԲҵ£ӦԼǰȥܱȫԼ
ϵļ˿Լ¶ǡϧǸʱԼԺȫ»ɱΣȫûע⵽


1794 ȥ
ǰһתһ̣Լͷɢ̫УǰԶվλ̷ޱȣ˻Ϊɺ̫ڱ¡ۣԼվһ
벻ᱳң̫ʧˣ
Ӱįޱȡ
£ҵĴҵĴҶԲ£ҪɱҪУԹԣ¶̩޹ģ¿ҸսһķϣһȪ֮£Ҳظ¶£
Լڵϣߵͷǹ⻬ĵϣѪģһƬģĶͷҲģͷҷ
ȥɣޣӦ㣡
һǣתĿ͸â
л£л£

տĴԼϲڵϣ
ĹӰǰת㱼䣬ֻصһ̡
ˣʵگԻ
ƾս̫Ǭᣬңͼı췴µ˾ȷɣʮ⣬ɵʮպдն
߸ߵĮ̇ϣһ޻׵Ĵֳܹ̫ʥּ
̫ǰͷңǵϤӰ̩涣ǰˡ
ˣֻˣ
ҲҪ뿪
УֻۣͯͻȻоʲôһ˸˵˽˺Ļ
СһģĶˡ
Уһμ¶̩ܵȴˣȴû̫ź
ܿܣеһжȡں˵Ҫǣ֮ǰ̫λڴӦ
㰲ȥɣ޶Ϊﳼ֮󣬽ᱻϣﶼ뿪̤ԭһ޶Ŀˡˣ
л£л£
ߵмޱȡ
ȻϣѾ㹻ƱҲ޷ݾȡҲһͨˣƽƽĹһӡ
Ѿûźˡ


ͽ
ɱ

̵죬վֵԼŭİգҶ㳯˹
ֻǲȻһЦֱ飬Щ˳ڷߡ
ʱ򣬺ֻǲֱͣЩ˸Ǹجġ
һϢϣܹסǰǵõϢ޶ԽϵµķɱΪնݳԾ󻼣͢Ƕˡ
𾪣
ţ
̫һԾŶôܻΥŵԣֱۿ͸¶ֻ̩ʬ壬һ̣׶Ĵ̹ǣ֡
Сʬ壬ԼףֻϤ̲סʹޡ
һɲļӿ
ˣ
ҡǵýӭŵ죬Լһ˽ӣͷͷӣһޱȡ
¶ұ𣿡
ǵԼ΢ЦȤŵ
ʱ¶ʮ꣬ȻȤϷӭȴǶ˶ׯ֣صһ
¶УԶģԺ۷ʲô¶Զԣ
һɲǣ¶ǰļˣþ˵

ҶƮ䣬鷿һ߹ۣƣʱ򣬱ͻȻŵһŨŨζ֨ѽһǵϤٻӰһӣ˹ߵԡ
ˣ˰ɣһӸҹ¶أЪϢɣ
ǵٻӰнӹۣŵһԣһ˫ʱҹѹʱ˶Ѻ˯ˡ
뻹ڵӸǶϵԣʵȴϣһϰսɱ׵ĺͻȻһƬů

ɣī֭
ôܣûа


˴ָһ죬Լϵһ¡лڲ죬ҪһȴͻȻļָջصɲǣЦû֦Ҳһ̿ӡ
֮ǰûУˡ
żָһī֭ʱ׹
ƭң
ŭһ죬һѽ뻳У
ôͷ㣡

ұ
棡
ҪǸҪǸ

ǵѽѽѧ˽ԼӣǵùȥӣԼˣӣǵԼǵԼ˯ӡ
еһзϵӿ֣ȻеһжѻΪ̡ŻСģʬ壬ֻӣһ̣ңҲ̲סʹ
ֻʧȥ󣬲ŻоϧֻһжѾˣ˺ҹҹ޾ʹ֮Уĳͷ
һΣʧȥһУһеĸо
ΪʲôҪΥŵԣҪȥˣȥ޹
ҪһҪ
ΪʲôΪʲô
Ǭ̫ӣǻλĵһ̳ˣȥҲ˼뵽ļ̫Ӽλ쾭壬ֺδ֮У
ΪʲôΪʲô͢Ҫɱҵ¶̩¶ֻǸŮӣ̩Ų꣬ѵǻвɽ𣿡
̫ڴӦҵģΪʲôҪʳԣȻҲʣҲ壬ҪƵУֵУҲҪǳеʹζ
˫Ŀͨ죬Ѫ˿ǰˣ״ħ
СԳ̫ڴûз
˿ǰĺ̾Ϣ
̫ڱ¶жأҲ֪㷸µ״̫ڻʵ۳Ǻһ壬ҲΪ̫ڱµıԣȻҪɱǣֺαǣ
ѵûЩ˺δ棬ΪʲôҪ㣿ѵΪ˹𣿡
Уǵ߸ݵӰҡͷһͻȻóһһöڽɫ
ӷʧ޶ϵɱ̫ڵõϢҲǳΣټϣڷ٣̫ھϵضһصشһƣҵȣȣδ㷸ʲôĹöƶһ
ˣ
öƣԺкʲôͻȻը
ܣܣǾƭҵģ
ģˣɫһӱò԰ޱȡ
ʼ壡ƭҵģһƭҵģ
ô˵ţͣΪ̫ߵḶ̌ڳ͢Ϥˡöڽɫƺȫ̫ͬһö֮£һö˭Ҳð˵ġ
СԳʱѾȥôˣ̫ڱ¶Ѿˣôһеĺ޶Ӧˡ
粨ĺ̾ϢţǰȥȻʱĺȴ·ʧȥеĶû˿ķƣںһģǰһڣһ˹ȥ
СӣȥҹӣģǴˣӴԺٳˣ
ĳ֪ڿŲԶӵ

Ҳ֪˵ݣĵͷʩһ
˲˵һһңЮźܿ쳯Զʹķȥֻһ㴩ʧˡ
ڽˣ
ԶڳһܿתͷһԵӡ
ˣҹأ


1795 ӣ
˳ᢣƺԱվôãȻûз֣ǼٵġоֹʶΩΩФֱԷֱ档
˵Ļ岻ô
Ǻǣаţڼǰ̫һԼ

ȫǰ̫
һյ˺ܿʧ

ʹѶ
ܵģôΪʲô
Ľڵϣɫףֻû䣬׹һ㡣
ôѺ͵̫ǰûз
ʮƾսĳ佫Щصĺˣл˸Ϊʲôʧܣ
ңʲѾ־壬ÿյʳô־壬صҩӸҲȷȷʵʵǲˡ
ΪʲôţΪʲôû£Ϊʲôֲܷһһ
УûˣΪʲôҪԼΪΪʲôҪĿбֹˡ
ӣ̫ʧˣ
ʱһϵӶдһ𣬶̧ͷȴ̨λȫϵĴڣ֪ʱѾߵǰ
㣬Ϊʲôô
仰ɫ·ʧȥеһͷ­Ȼڵϡ
ķѲ֪ɵδͷ˿£סļҲס
ҡ
ɫη壬ڵϣ
Ȼټʮֿ˱󶼻Ѿ¶ıʱ򣬿վǰʥʣֱܵη壬ٴθ
С󣬲лУʥʶǸ߸ϣѲ⡣
ֶʥʵη壬Ѹٹ̣뵽ĹѾ췴Ҳֻѡʮʥ־ԣʱ
񣬱ʧܣʥֻվǰûһ˵ļеʧøɸɾﻹ֮ǰ۲ŴԺҰġ
ʣҲܵ˵ĹƻһʱͿ븸ԭ¡
ɫ԰ֽվʥǰͷ̧
ƻ󣿡
ʥҡҡͷʧ
ФҲǹƻ𣿡
ҡ
ɫһͣϵѪɫ˵øɸɾʱԽ԰ˡ
ФʥʵӣФݺӣΪ޶֤ɱڣƾһʥʾͿˡ
溲ǳ͢سΪ͢ºպչͣ˹ᣬɽ𢣬ưΣڲˣҲ˹ƻ𣿡
ʥʵĮٴδͷһ촽ţҪʲôȴһֶ˵
޷Ϊ޴ɽ𢣬Ϊ޵ĳӣӣҲڵֵزѬģҹΣڲˣޣʧ
ʥ˵գһ̾Ϣ
ʣҴˣҴˣٸһλɣҲˣԸ⽫꣬µ
ʹͷͷ⡣ףѾˣҪĻᡣ
Ѿˣ
ʥʱ˫֣ҡҡͷ
֪һ޶һο飬ܰס޾ͷΪ̫ӡ
һֱΪΪҰǺ£ֻҪԼҹ˺Ͳǻ£ֻϧѾԶԶȡ
ʣҰɣҰɣҲˣԺҲˣ
ɫͺˮİ㣬һѽסʥʵȡ
ںǳٸһλɣ
һ̵ﻹа֮ǰӳⷽ٣ҰĲ̵ӡ
ټ̫ǰѻȸһƬžʥʿŽɪɪһţ־岻ͺһӰɫҡһ£ֻƬ̣侲
ˣѴѹȥ˸ã˸ȫȨã
ʥʱۣлص
һ䣬žǰ
ʲҪ
һͣĲš
㿴㷸µĴʳ֮УѪɺӣ޸ᣬ˭ǻ᣿
̫ȨϷˣ
ʥʽһ䣬𿪣žǰѹס
ž
һݱѹˡ
еһҲˡ
飡
һɰͻȻڱ͵ؽѿ
ʣҪô𣿡
ߵľ룬͵վֱͨ۾
û˱ĹûʥʵıӣһѺ˸ʲô³
ӣ㵽ڶ֪ڸ𣿡
ʥȴһ
ӣӣ
ʥʵĻļͻȻţʼ
ȻԶһӣ𣿡
㲻ΪʲôҪ
ڸ㣬һжǸ̸ҵģ
ʣ˵ңȻңΪʲôôˣΪ̫ӣ
˵۹ɣ
Ц״еԹޣеĲһȫй
Ϊأĵܸܸߵܡŵܣ˶
㶼ѾˣΪʲôԸⶨ̫ӣ𣿼Ȼ㲻ԸңҾֻԼȡҸλãҲԼ𣿡
ŭѾѹ˿־壬ҧأһһ䣬˻ŴӺ﷢
ʣȻԣΪʲôҲУ
ˣ
治Ļнͬ󷽵ףͯɫ־壬ͷȥҳ
ڴ˶֪ʥʲǵճӡ׵ĴͳֲʥλڴǸĽɣ˭Ҳû뵽ȻôӣȻҵָʥʡ
£ɣ
ףͯڵĻ֣̿˵ʧܺԭϣһºпܻʥ½ĻôһѾ÷ǳã
̫ǰĻʥʵɫı࣬ڤڤУһɱϢﱬΧǧڣϢͷ­Խʹˡ
˵
ޱȲ˿顣
ѵ𣿡
ͷʥʣû˿õ˼
֪޾͸㡣
ʱӵһö⣬Ϊϣ빬Ļᣬƭ԰ˤѪ棬˱
Ϊףֻװ֪
ʱĵܳΪݾ£ÿɰ޿һ䣬ͽĸǺˣߥֵܽãڱһż
ʮʱѾʶȨ֪ᵳӪ˽£ܺܣͨŮ̫࣬Ըܡһֱã󣬶ѵӪûзŹɵĴ̿ͣıʵ㣡
ʥһ˵ţһƳһۡ


1796 
ˣ
ͫһжĲһ£飬أûκε֤ݿָҴºʥҲû׷ʹָ
ȴûʥʵ֪
ʮʱͳ¤ʱӰ칮Լܾ㻳ģΪ˴ѹķâȻ˹ص۹ǰͨ¤Լõľֲߴ꣬ʹ˹׼˹ʯжҲ顣Ϊù𣿡
¡仰׻
ܣ
۾ǰʥ֮жȻ¶ȵĿ־塣
ǼĲҲļɵ״˸׵ʧȥ̳лλʸ
û뵽ʥʾȻ뵽
飬ʹõʱһǧɡ㻹ģصڸ磬ãʵҺԸ޺Ĺϵ˵޲¼˵ˡֵ̫ٱ
Щ޿һ˵𣿡
ʥ
󷽣ףͯں󷽣亹乣ȻǴӵĸҲ¶ǡ
˹ص۹Щϵ֪Ӳ֪˫ǸʱͿʼˡ
ҴӾȻ˹ص۹鱨ѾǴ֮ˡ
Ǹʱûȷ֤ݣʱûйʣ޸һΣܶεĻᣬȻô⣬չ޵ĳӣע˺ܶȻ಻ǣڶŮнܳĻ֮һ
ʮʱˮԣԸ£ˮ
ʮʱͥ߻Ը£˵ΪӣͬͰռ࣬ѧϰ̫ں޵ķˣɨĵңˡ
ڱһ꣬ɨͻʺνҲûй޶
ΪЩû׷𣬵ͬҲûзĻ̫֮λ
ΧһƬž˫۴ؽҧͣĲ
ܣܣ
СΪֶθˣʥʣȴû뵽һУĵص飬ʥ΢
һΣ޸һλᣬգԼ˷ˣԼԼ̳лλȨޣʧ
ʥʵ
ҲţҲţ
һƭҵģʲô⣬ʲôһλᣬȫƭҵģ
вѪ˿
ˣʥʲûƭ㣬ֻ˰ˣ
ʱһ̫ڴգһֻƿż̫˳
˭˭
ɫŤͷȥһ̣ʥĿһϤӰ
壡
ɫһĲ˼顣
ʱֺֹףͯԼĽڣ˶𾪡
Χһ󾪺ЩҲɫ㵣ô¡
֮ǰ鱨Ӧûڹͺһ˭û뵽Ȼһǳʥʱ̫С
˵£ʹ֮Уֵܳľˡ
㣡
Ĵ㵺漴Թ޺ŭ
˵ĿУɫ򶨣̫˳
ʹŨ̹ܣĿ֮ʬ塣忴һĻҲ겻ѡ
ܸٵĴۣͼеǳȣѾСĴˡ
⣬Ҳڳ׽ˣ
£ˡ
Ŀܿջأϡ
ɽһԾŶҪƭ㣬ô鷳ӲΪ㡣ķ²᲻֪ɣ

죬ҳϵݣϵĵλȨԹֻӲſִơӹͣʥʵѾ˶ء
˵
˵
壡Ҫ㣬ѳɹ˾ıܿܣ˶ѣҲŹ㣡
Թ죬Ҫ壬ˣ
壬ֺ࣬αȥɱФȥ溲Ū鷳壬ʮ򶼻ֺ봦ɵֻҪһͻкܴϣɹ
ϸԼ˾ˣֺγʥʺ;Ź֮ļѻ棿
ûԶôĲۣ

˫ĿѪ죬һɺͺһģһŨŨ͵شϱ
壬Ҫɱ㣡
һ䣬䣬û˷Ӧһڵ㱩˶ȥ
ħ񣡡
ʯ䣬Ũ̹дǧҰް˻
Ťһʮ۵ľ޴ħϵϢҲ˲ʼαɻ侳ʥ侳ٵʥ۷壬ٵ۷壬ޱƽ΢硣
ֱ̣˿̲¶ԼӴΪȻ֮ҪǿĶࡣ
ӣ㵽ڻִԲ𣡡
ʱһϵ·ڴӵĶ𡣺䣬ӱ۵ĺħһգ۵ʱ䶼ûм֣ʥʵѹ߽⡣
¶ΪߣʥǰǱˮнһ㣬¡Ӵѹʵʣѹϣһ̣һ˫һͺһǹɿֲѹζڵϣѪֱۺϿ
һ¶ˣ
޵ǰ㻹𣡡
ʥĿǰûпµһۡ
ſңſңλҵģλҵģ
ɫŤڷ״ħڣǰһڣѪģ˹ȥ
ˣѴȥϼӿܣ
ʥʵ
ǣ£
ңܿǰѺȥ
壬һܹƽңӹΰ޹Ȼûп㣡
ʥʱ˫֣ڵԭɫȴࡣ
л£΢ҲֻǾౡ֮£ʦսûȫıڹǳأҪƽǣ
ߵʥ󣬹һ
Ȼ췴ǾͲˣ
ʥ˼
ȥҲͰˣȴǳ͢ıͥ󶼻ǲǴӷģݷ嶼Ȩɱ͢󶼻Ҳѯʵԭ
΢֪ˣ
ĬȻ˵ͷ
ʣ
ʱ򣬰һϣ˻ԶһϤӰŴıѸٳڴŽʱϹˡ
ԶӶĳźţ¡¡糱ˮĺ󷽣ͬ޴󽫾˼һͬӺӿ


1797 ֮βϣ
£
£

ڰ˼󷽣弫ĿȥֻɨһۣʹзΪ׵ˣָҦ죬һĻһ˿ɫ
֮ǰսôңЩ˶ӰڴѶսЩȴȫһ֣ļǵĸ
ĿɨһֻۣܶϻմѪһԡѪսӡ
治Ҵ壬Ȩһ
Ժһͷһܿع
£΢Щ£ȸˣ
ţȥɣ
ʥʵ˵ͷ
幪һվʱҲ¶һ˿ƣɫûж˵ܿ뿪뿪ʱƳһֻۣϷʦԭˤĵطյģӰ
嶼ûע⵽ʦʲôʱ뿪ġ

һ˷ࡣжΨһƻ֮ڵľֻʦȻ̾գ֣˵ʦ̫һ̿ʼֻоա
ʥڣҲʲôգ
˻˸ɫȻܿ뿪ˣһɲǣԸܵϢǿӰ׷ԼȴֱͣԶȥ
ӣ
ӳʥŴ㡢ӵ˷׷ӭ
ˣ΢΢˵ͷӿһůжȻĻһУִȴǿˡȻºжļƻһȴΣء
ôˣ
ʵ
ϽѾ棬ˡϽ̸˵ڣԺ󶼲صĺˣҲ췴Ļᡣ
ӵǰ壬Եһң漰˼ʮĴ෽̫ʱսԼɲ⣬ħĶ֣˶Ԥ֮Уһû֡
һҲǼƳҶԴҲΪ԰ϣóϷ
嵹ûעô࣬ӵĻ΢΢˵ͷ̫ʱλħڣǰǯƣӦƲʲôˡ
⣬߹Ѿȳ˸¶֪ͨȣȥӸ߹ɡҲһݹ͡
ܹ֮˳ƽҲ²ٹĹ̫ͣ޷μսҲַֻʽӰ
š
Ӧһ˵ͷ
ˣӣոյϢʧܣλ߾ӥѡ˷ǳ˴ĶĿܽӻظ߾Ժ󻹻²ٵĻ
ڴʱͻȻϥ£
εĹ䣬ʯѵӥȸͶĿ˲˺Ҫǣ˽թޱȣڴʧܣѾû֮ء
ǽʯӵ߾ֻܱߵκһңܹԴɲٵ˺
صģܲˡѾӥȥˡ
Ŀǰ
ʲôӥ
ӥǻ˻𣿡
ѵѾˣ

Χ⻰һ𣬷׷̧ͷ壬˷ޱȡԭϥڵϵĹ㣬Ҳ۾һ̧ͷһڴ
û˵ֻǵ˵ͷ
õ϶Ĵ𸴣˷ޱȣһƬȻ˵ʱ䣬ģõϢˡ
߰ɣ
˶٣һԵӣ
⣬֪ͨʥǱѾͷԶˡ
š
Ե˵ͷгһʥʵŵǱ߾Ͳˡ

һֻֻŸܿ˳ȥӵ˺ܿ촩ţ뿪ˡ

ҹɫһƬڰаʱʱ䡣
ʱ˿̣˵߹עʹʱûжע⵽ʦһӰһƥսҹɫмٷɱ
˼飬˼飡벻ʥʾȻ˿£
սգʯϣлһƬκˣԺзȥʥأ̫Ҫǧ򱶵һڽ֮ǰ˵ȻԴﵽ˿µĵز
øϿ뿪
ʯ͵һӿ˲
Хʯŵͷаࡣ˲ͬα䣬ʯ׼ӻʹз뿪ͻһ˵װճ˼ٺ룬
ھǶ˿¶ϲ
Ǹ߾ˣһڶ෴ʦǱͥо·ովжע⡣ȽͻʣȷƽϢϸԭȥ˹ص
˵˹صĵ֪ãǸҵʱȥͶһܸĶǳȤ
ʯһ߲ۣһѸ㡣̽ӣͶģ͸̸е롣
ϣ
ţͻȻս˻𣬷·ܵʲôŰ㣬ʯһݣ̧ͷдΪ衣
˭
ˣ
ΧһƬžܿ죬һӰǰһɽӰ˳ϣһֻӥĿĿޱȡ
ˣǵӰʯͫһıɫ
㣡

ʱ仺ȥڻʹнʥίУƽϢҵʱԶԶģ뾩ʦĵطһɽϷ̹һ΢Ϣڿвš
̫ˣˣ
һııǸصԸǵģ
У츮žʦķ򣬾긦
һٵڵ츮ֻʣһĲǵ۹󽫣¶Ѿˣ츮ȴš
볲ɢŨŨУһڵĽתţ³ĺ⣬ĲһƲлꡣ
ʱ˿̣ʦ֮УеһУԺзӹ
һѾʣλʥǡңҲɹˡ䣬֯˵Ǹ޴ĳ
֯ûּǿ䡣
Ҳ̫硣һУֻǿʼһ죬ǻḶ۵ģ̫ңǸСӣ
Ժͷಣ츮һΣٲͣѸʧ
ףһҹĻʹҲӺ͸ѹ½ƽʹĻŨҲܿϨ
һжƽϢǸİŸҴӷ߳
֮ȻѾⳡʷǰĹɵƻӰʱھʦ֡
̫ƽʮأȻսһֱУڱشûھʦôĺĵش
շ׷׾ۼһ۷׷סⳡսϰ˺ƽľʦ˵Ǹ޴ĳ


1798 ֮β£
Ҳ̸ʦе춯ʱ˿̵䱸ͨȼһҹ
УϷǰҵǡǵڶĸ
Ѿ˳˻ʹ廹ڼӹеĸԷֹ֮ı仯
֪˶ãһӰģͻȻ˴ſڡ飬Ѫ߰ߣˡ
ʦ
һ˻ûзӦȸȴɫһæ˹ȥסǵӰ
û£
ӥҡҡͷȸơ
ֻЩѣϵѪҲҵģ
ȸ㵵ĿУӥܿһǰȥǰϥ£һ
үҲѾɹնɱʯүԺ󲻱ٵĴˣ
ӥһ˵ţһ߽һ޴İץ˹ڵ档
У˿Ǹ۾һ
ⳡ䣬Ǹ߾˽ʯȻ书ߣɵƻ˺ȴԶԶǿߡҪǣ˽ƻޱȣһоԾ
ҲѰҹûзֹټ˭Ҳû뵽ӥŸմӻѣ͸ɵ˶Σصĸ߾ӥ

˵ͷ
һˣ廹ûãȥúϢɡ
ָһһɽɫƿնӥϡڴɹİ£ӥѸٺķѵĹ;ϵƶԾ˵ٶȻָ
лү
ӥһվӥǸװŸ߾ӥʯͷ­İܿ챻˴ȥ
ӥ֮󣬽ŵڶ߽ǽ
ӥͬλʵǿĹĻһףϻһߡ֮ĿҲϣƬ֮󣬺ܿ˴Ϸ塣
ĩү
˵ĿУǰһϵǰϥ¡
ôˣ

һжѾѲеսƽϢ⣬׷ʮųɹնɱ⣬һʱͬҲսͥȺףҲ˵ֿ

˵ͷв⡣ƾ˼ͬڹеҡڣرսͶӣڹ֮󣬿ºͦʥʵŭ𡣽Ψһѡ񡣳⻹дıͥۼôõĻᣬ˼ͬǾԲŹġ
ˡӵΣ
ʵһջȳ²֣ƭͶˣľӹûӦģϵеķҲȫѹ˽֧ϡ
ʧ˲٣ڳǳظߴټϴҶǲμӹ˹֮սˣʧڿԽܵķΧ֮ڡҪ˵Ƚ϶ࡣ

˵ͷͳǲǰ˿֮·ļɽˣЩ˱ܣڿʹӵһһĺ֣Ҳֻǣıͥµ·ʹԷ֮УʹǱȺͶԼʱ˰ʱ
Ѿټ˾еУҲ˴ĽҩЩӦöִˡ⣬ͷ­֮ǰ˵ģ͵Уӣ

֮ңҲ֮һѾ޿ɷ⣬һҲûʲô࣬ս
һа׵´˼˺ܿȥֻʣһˡ
үӵ
֪˶ãһҴҽǰܿ쵥ϥµ
ˣ˵ˣͿˡ
ͬʱһӺ󷽴һյĽŲһۣҵ˴Ӵ˽
ˡ
嵭ƺĳԤϡ
ȥɣ
ֶŵµһƣӦһܿתȥ
һֱڵң
࿴һۣܿʶʲôڵ
ֻһЦÿɷ
Ϸô飬ûκʣңҲž֡
֮ҳʥʺ֮⣬ĿࡣȻ߻ж֪̼ƻģ֮١
Убضкܶʣܰ͵סŹ֡
һЦܿ
ѣĹͶ𣿡
ͷ壬һе˵ʱһԵҲĿתɫרעĶ塣
Уؼĺʾʥʵ״̬ʥһ˶ܵһǰδе𺳡ҲһһͿصġ
ܺܶ˶оʥʸûˣеһжһ֣ȴãô򵥡ȷʥѾ־壬Ǿе췴ġ
һֱܹôĳǰԺѲ˹ϵ
ʵϣ࣬ʥԼ֮⣬Ҳֻ֪еԭί
ǺǣֻССһؼĻʥԼ
һڴĿ⣬΢΢һЦ˵ĺġ
Ȼ
Դϲ˷ܲѡ
㵽ôģ֪̫أдֵذأͭǽڣ϶ɡ֮ǰʱ򣬲һǳд󳼣ͼ̫ݼʣȫʧˡ
ֹˣ̫֮ڣصȫǸʰŵЩʵǿ󣬶һ˽ײϣݶ޷ȥ˵ˡ㵽ôȥģһϢȻûһܲ
Ĳ˼顣ʹ̫߳ʱܵ˼𶯣ǸʱͷһֱԺ
̫ʥʾ¼ܵĵطǿֻҪһĶǱ߾ͻ֣ᷢºʼնֱ֪š
ôȥģԺܶ˵δ֮ա
嵭ȻһЦɨһ۴ĺè²ֹ࣬ѾѺ˸Ĵڣеʡ
ǺǣʵûеôѣʵϣⲢʲôܡֱ߽ȥġ
嵭
ܣ
໹ûڣһԵʧ˵ô򵥣ô֮ǰͽ̫Ҳкô
ݵȻܣԸ߹ݾͲһˡ
嵭ȻһЦ
߹
ͶɫһһĴ㵣Ǻܿ죬ʯ䣬һӰ񻮹Ժһ𣬶ʲôɫޱȡ
㣬壬˼˵αװɸʿ߹أ
Ŷ΢΢ͷ𶯣ʱɲ


1799 ٸԭְ
ԭԭȻ
֮ǰܶĴ𰸣Ψû𰸾Ȼô򵥡Ϊ˽ӽʥʣǴӣԹ෽ȫһʧˡ
˽ּʵǿ󣬸κ˽ȥǵĴڣһʵıݣ˸޼ƿʩ
ʥ谮̫޷ȥ˵ˡ
Ǳʶ˶Ϊ̫ܿӡ
Ȼ˶ȴˣ̫޷룬ǻһȴǽ̫ģǾȥգ֪ټĸʿ߹Ϊܹ̫࣬Լʥʵĸ߹ȫͬ
߹ʥӰ룬ѾͬʥʵĴʣΪְڣ̫ȥǸ߹ʶģҲԲȥǽ̫Ψһİ취
ΧЩȻȽ鷳ʵҹʱҪǶ֣Ҳʲô̫ѵ¡һαװΧĽ棬Ҳȫܵġ
ʯ䣬ЩͷԺзӶ࿴ǰ壬ģһ赭д·ֻһ޹ؽҪСµףвһԵ塣
һ˵ѣڵʱ£ʦ⣬ণһƬţϳе˲֪ٵѹ۹˼ϣһ˴λãѾԹ˲覣ѹˣȻ£ܹ侲ķðԼͶע⣬ͬʱŸֵϸڣȫ֣ȻԼֻǱ̫С
еһУֻһĲأ¾ͻȫҲȫͬ
˵ô򵥡
廹ˣʹ⣬ܣǺǶȫġ̡֮Уȷޱȣûгʲô
ˣ͢˵ʲô𣿡
ʵ
ûô֮࣬˳Ҳˡڹĵģǳ͢Ǳߡ
һΣ͢ڳܵ˲پţȥϢˡһι䣬˶ûϵģ֮»Ҫʱƺˡ
ĻһΣع
ˣ뿪ǰͣ뿪ᵽȥ
˵͸һ˿ϲɫ
ϲ£
ⷭҲһϲҲ֪һЩι䣬ӡӡӻ乬Ժ޼ͳʸ̫͵ڳͲӦĻѩ¼ҲѾء
һھ˳λĵһ̳ˡιβʥʰһȫȨ˼ңӱأ飬ʥȻûаǨ붫Ҳûз̫֮λǽǨѾ˵̬ȡ
ͽȣ̫ҪǣȻλߣȴʥʵ껹λг֮ʱ齵ľɾӡ͢ǨȻʥʶ֮⡣
֮ʽϲɹƽңһǱڵľ޴ң300000㡣⣬־޴չ⽱200000˵㣡

ʱ֮ʯϤȻԺ
¶һЦݣĸ̻ۡƬ̣彻̸һЩܿ뿪ˡͱ࣬Ҳһ롣ⳡ䣬ɣʵʵݵĶͺǱߵжͺķ
һ̣һд׵ҲоһɾΥƣ׼طϢʱ򣬰һ磬һӰͻȻ䴳˽
ϲүϲүϲ°ϲ£
δˣŴ򿪣һݵӰֳַƽ£ż˽һϲ
ϣ
̫࣬Ϊ⡣ʱ򣬿˵벻Ŀ˿¾Ǳˡ
Сļү
Ҳ忪ڣЦݣĹһκʱҪ
ôˣʲôϢ𣿡
忪ڵ
ԭʷУ˵۹֮赸֥ԼҲûʲô³Ǹʮļ࣬һΪԼĲ룬Ѿ仯֮࣬ңҲ˲Ϣ˲ٹ͡
ˣڶҲûʲôɼ
ǺǣСǸүͨϲѶڲ֮ǰ¡³ˣԼ˼飬үԼ˽¹͵ĽʿǱѾͬ⣬ࡢ̫ʦ̫Ǳⶨּ⣬׼үٸԭְƽ²µְµ󶼻λã
Ϣ¼֮ھͻṫ
˵һ˷ܵĿ
˵ʼıֻǱѹĻôڣ϶Чҵ˼õʥأ屾Ѿٷյүĵλڴʷǰ
ҪǣĹͣоȼ֮ͣ۳Ұ˿Զĵλ

Զʱסˣ֪ͣ͢ǾҲû뵽ͻô졣Ȼ󶼻ֻǹٸԭְҲǺܴ󣬵ȴһʵȨλ˳λѾ޿ɷ⡣
ֻӸְʵȨͣѾǼĶˣ
Ҳʥʶӣ
͢ķԶûҪ죬һ֮󣬻ŸӴƾʦ˷ʽܵͣ͢ٸԭְµ󶼻ϢҲѸٷɱ½е۹
Ϊ½ǿĹңΪ۹ԺյսԼƾʦⳡ䣬ܵĹעԶеӴö࣡

ͻʣɽɽ޴Ӫɳ޿ɺϥ˫΢գӪڻ书һɹɰɫɢ۳һһ㣬Χ

ͻȻ֮һʾŲҴңѸٴԶ
ô£Сֵģ˳ס
ɳ޿ɺɫ΢ǳ
£дƾʦϢǹڴƵĴģ
ʾϥڵأ
ˣ
֣ɳ޿ɺɫ䣬ڵҲ֮ǰȻͬ

ʱһԵһգȴɳ޿ɺһɫؼף·սӰ
ʧϣ
ͻʺ̫󽫾λ˹صĴ󽫾Ϥŵ߹»ͬ
ɳ޿ɺ廰ȴɳ޿ɺģͻҲֻλ̫󽫾ˡ
ǣ
ʾƬ̣ܿ˳
ոյƾʦ̽ӷϢҹңʮ̫Ǳ裬ʧܣѾʥʹ˸
⣬ٸԭְѾµ󶼻
ˣ
ⷬλͻʵİɫرɳ޿ɺ˸ŭɫ
쵰
ɳ޿ɺָһֱһǽڸžž졣


1800 춯
ɳ޿ɺʹ֮䲢̫ĽУͻʺʹƵĹϵȴ͵ġ
ҪǣΪƵĹǿƣͻʡͻʡ߾۹˹ص۹һߣγһַ˹ϵҺλƵĴнڷǹѹϵ
ȣƾʦλܹ˳λ˵õĽ
ɳ޿ɺͼɵĲһ飬ٴ֡壡
ı䱻κһƻȱƻŭ
ɳ޿ɺǣĿŵвڱĳЦǷţͻʺһαƻˡ
ɳ޿ɺУɱ֮һһǰǸ
벻ʧˣ鷳ˣ
󷽣ϢʧҲࡣ
ƵսԶǣ֮ǰǿŴŵѹƣǲôȥһıʧܣƵıҿ»ռϷ磡
鷳ǣĿǰǸǴƵսα֮ôͣѾٸԭְµ󶼻ʵȨض֮ǰǿ󣬿Ҳѹסˣ
˵ʧ͸һǡ
ʧϴӲκζ֣ǸƵȴǸ⡣
ϸйսǻۺıԶΪֲʧݹΣڵʱǸλã°ѴƵЩȫսǿͻûаտֲֿĵز
ҪǣʧϴǸϣһּΪֱƺǰΣգ׼ֶصʧϣҲ̾Ϊֹľ
ƵλִƱȨһķ񣬿ĿǰͻʺʹƵġѺáϵᱻ˲ƣҴͻʺ˵Ľ
󺹣ǿҪսˡ
ʧϵĿҲǰɳ޿ɺ
ɳ޿ɺ˲ĬˣһƬš


ͬʱͦƵ˹ظԭ֮Сһֻзɳ۶£Ѹʧ
࣬ʧˣ
佫һļž
ڴϷճһӰһۣһüģһ
Χе˹佫ɫأһﲻܣ˴ƣҲ˴ܱиġ
˹ɵģһϢ
ٸԭְµ󶼻
ƾŹı֣ػ۷壬ǿƹ˹ص۹ԣǸ޴جġ
ڴжĽ֮УǸ˾˹ĴڣǸ˶˹ɵ˺ȣǴһսöԵûôɵˡ
٣ò˹Ĺİɲë֮أҲ֮ǽ˹ظԭȱڱԼ֮أ˹ضɵޱȵĴʳ۹׻Ӵĵ۹ʬѪǧ
࣬ǺҵĺҲҪܿˣǿҪս׼
ѹֵУž¡ϵ󽫾죬̲סڵ
ƾ־͸˹Ӵĵ۹ôѹҲֻܹˡ
࣬ҪھȥټӰɣ÷׼
ˣ
곤̾һڿڣͷ­΢ĿϷɫӡ
ţƵıʱֲġ
ұΪһϣ벻ѹסվ˹صĸ֮

Ϊ˹ص۹ǼƳĵ࣬껹ǵһֵĸоʲôƺʼ޷ڲͲǸƵꡣ
ˣ͵ƻʵУ׶ΣʱΪС
һ˵ţһߴȡһдõƺ˳׼ɹʧܶԤ֮С
׼һ£⼸Ҫȥһ˴ѩɽʥɮ
ǣ

һ·ͺɺʱ˿̵Ĵʳ۹

͸Ļʹ֮У󸹱Ĵʳʵ۹﷢ɫ׳ָ͵һգеż촷ۡ
ЩܵҶôǣվ˱Ȩ
壡
﷢Ȼڣѧֻ֡Ҫ뵽Ǹͳеײа﷢ʹ
Ӵĵ۹ǿʢޱȵĵ۹Ȼһȱ˱ٳ£ƽ˵۹͸ֱǰδеܴ衣Զ衣
˾ѾôˣʲôʱҲһѩ裬׵ĽǸĴƣ̤ƽǵ硣ѵ޻ҪǱ͵ȵ𣿡
﷢ŭգ͵ŤͷԱۣ̹Ӷһźе˾
ڵÿһնڴʳǵΪһսܣʳڴǰ˲أ΢˼㣬ڴʳӿҿѧã´ʳ۹ѧϰȴܱߵĸҪࡣ
ʼЩʳѧʱû뵽ġ
ڵҪֹҲôˡΪһˣ൱ںʹսڵĴʳûս׼
ʹУ﷢ŭΧе˺ȫ׷ȥֻ˾վ·ľ׮㣬һһϢоͺһ
ˣµȴķ籩Ѿˣ
֪˶ãڹ﷢Ҫ಻סʱͻȻ֮䣬˾ĺ۶һ£ͬʱһĮģ˿Ӻ´

﷢ɫһûӦ
¡
ͻȻ֮䣬ضɽҡ͸ʹҵĲͬһʱ䣬ϷһӴϢ籩ǿҵĲ޸Զɢ۹͸ʹܸоһɹɵ
ǡ
оǹϤϢʳʵķ͵۾һľϲ
ʥڣڳˣ
ᵽʥڡֵʱķ鼫ΪأԵĴ˾
һƬž֪˶ãһŴԵɤϺأյУʹ֮У
飬Ѿ֪ˣһղȫأʱضɱԸ
ã̫ˣ޵ʱԹӭʥڣ
һɲǣķ˷ޱȡ
ʥڣ
ֻҪǴʳˣûвֵ֪ģΨһһԳ֮Ȩ֮Ӱߴڡ
˹֮սǰķԲԸһλ³֣ΪǴʥ֣ȨһвڲһֻҪܹɵǸĴս񣬴ݿ嶫Ǹȣϴˢٳµĳ裬еһУķѾ벻⡣
뱻ѹȣʥڶȨвأ
֮ܶܶһӭʥڣ



1801 ֮ҵĽ֣
ҲķӦʦ֮УǷӿ۹ʮأûھʦطִ治ı֮١
¡˸ڣԸڶ̶̼ھ˴ãҹ¡
治ӸӸٳټΧ̫ʥ׿ϣӵĻݣΪˣ˸Ѻ뿪Ӵˣӣ
袡Ϊι֮һ˻ݣϣ̤½
ҰĲ治췴⣬̲ûҲȡڼΪˣмҾһɷ
ͥ󶼻󽫾붫˹ᣬûʥͣ췴ݣУѱն׷콻̲ʹ°ɴã

һȫ֮ҵЩõİģһһţ飬˾ʦͻʳǵĸطǴƼʮδеĴ£ʦ֪˶˵ע⡣
治治
ʥӢ䣬ǧһۣǾȻıʥʣǺôĵӣ޾޸֮ͽϧ
ЩӷһҪŹǾȻıʥʣֱ磡
һҪЩҲһ÷ŹɱЩˣ֮ߣ
췴ı棬ǴЩȫúΪ䣡

ʦߵȺھʦİ˵Ϸ飬ȫ߸ǵ֪˼𺳡
ӣ۹ԼĻϻӹ޵ҲͰˣƫƫʢ̫ƽ֮ʱʥ¹ϵУƲܴﵽʷǰǿزЩʥʶı⼤еŭ
ĶԻһһھʦĸط
ȸϣһʻ棬ȸۼȺ˷ޱȡ
ү´ҲˣЩһ췴ı֮ͽ󣬿Ҳûǵ֮أԺ󿴿˭췴
ȸŤڵ
ﾲĵģΣȸĻȴ΢΢üͷ¶һ˿ǡ
ȫˣ֮ȻѾӰŸոտʼҳֳ籩һͷ͵ļ
ɲ
аԭʷУǴӵͬ죬ɱ¾ˣʥλ֮º׷ɱһˣΪƽϢŭǰɱ¾Χ㣬ĵ۹Ӣ˶ⳡ֮С
ǵã粨صʱֻҪЩı֮ͽκεǣ½͹һɲ񣬵Էĸۡ½ֻһ֮ԵҲ˶ܵǣ
ʱĻ̻̣ΣӰƻ֮ұҪҲĵġ
еŭ⣬ǲԿƣһ󣬾ͻɶ˺
ڵĵ۹ֳƮҡļ󣬶һƽҲϮӰСķΧڣںƽǰԷֽš
ˣ
˼ʱһͣüͷһ壬ʶ̧ͷ
𣿡
ͻȻһǰȴһʦղ֪ʲôʱע⵽壬ǰ
䣡
һžʯ£һɲǼ䣬ΧһƬڡ
ҿ
֪˭󺰵ɲǼ䣬գɫ纣˰㣬˷Ѹӿ
̶ֻʱ䣬ΧأΧ飬ɰǧľʦա
үڼˣǴƵӢۣ
ӢۣǴӢۣ




˷˷ܵȺ֮Ѿⳡ֮󣬺ܶϸڶ©ּ˲£۹ڴӺЩѵУЩѵ̫͵ĳû˸۹ʲôӡ
⣬ȸһĻϲޱȡôŬ֮ҵЧҲ¶ڴ֮ǰүᣬرǳ֮үľѪдǼ鶼ջ٣ֱʹڣͨһһεжҰѾܹүĿġ
ò˵һ޴ջ
Ⱥޱȣķ˰ʱòײŴȺһ·˹֮С
¡
룬޴Ĺź¡һعرգʥ֮⻹ǴƳĵһγᡣ
ټ̫͵ڣһۣ̤ɲǣ˷Ŀ׷ϡĿֹ֮϶أȻʮڶȴûͬ˵ɬɣ¶һķ⽮ǡ
֮Һ󣬴ӵ£ҲûңΪˣҰ˿Ժ࿹⣬ѾΪ۹֮ĵһس
УָҲ΢΢Ŀ⣬΢һͷʾء
Ƭ֮󣬳ʽʼ˵ĿУʥһۣͷᣬһγ˳֮ϣϷľϣ
࣬˳
һڴʧ˺ܳʱ֮󣬸߹ְֳ׷£ٴγʥԡڴƣֻҪʥʺ͸߹վ̫͵ϣͬ۹
߹һ䣬һƬţ㿴ңҿ㣬˭Ҳûǰ֮ನδ£˸Լ׷൳飬ʱδ˭ҲԸ⿪ڡ
£б࣡
ڴһƬŵʱͻȻһԱɫ£Ӱ˳˲˵Ŀ⡣
֮Ĵңշ׷ϳͲ빬֮ˣΪȹģ񳯸٣ϳ͹֮еı֮ͽЧȣ
ʦ֮УԼ޸۴£ϣ͢ϳЩ֮ͽԸһݣ¹Ŀ
Ա˵գ˶ʱɫ䣬ϷģʥԵĴ󽫾˼Ҳüͻͻ
ϳͣ
һ䣬ҲŸ֮͡ң൱ĳ̫͵Ѻ޶׾춼ѺʹͷŹһƵƵͷ顣
ۿ︽ԽԽ࣬һ֮ڳͨ͢ʱ򡪡
£Ϊɣ
Ⱥڣ֮ԽԽʱͻȻһڳ𣬴ˡһִۣ˰壬ӰΪ˳
֮ңı߽ܵвȶѣѷϣܹڣǣ̫㣡
ɫᶨ
ˣ
һ䣬ʱ·£˴˵ע⣬žϵʥʣ塣
˭Ҳû뵽Ϊⳡ֮󹦳ȻЩ֮ͽ˵飡



1802 ŵĶ
ʱ仺ȥƵĵһע˵ע⣬Լһʱ󣬻һֻŸӻʹķɳԽؿռ䣬һ·˻ʹǱ߷ï÷֮С
ӣոյϢĳϣ飬ʥʴ£ӣӣӵˣΪļ룬ʥѾ׿ϣָ׼飬Ŀºܿͻṫˣ
⣬ӹż㣬ܿǰ
ɾλãӺһڵϡĻ۵üͷ˲
ȥұҪʥʣˣϧķҵʥϱɱǿƾûȥ
һԣͦ壬˿ˣ
ֻ벻ӣӦǻ죬Ǳ䣬ƽѹƾⷬǽԽѹˡ
û˵ֻ˫ÿĽüԽ֡
һι䣬ͷʥȻ仯ܶ࣬ȴǲ۲۵սɣҲǽճûϳԭ򡣲ĻǽոմϢ
䱾е飬ؼǣӹǾʦڶҴ壬˭Щ˵˭йӣɣ۴ƣֹܹģҲֻˡ
ң̫͵Уӽڶ೯彫ǾȳģҪ밲еԹޣҲֻõ
û뵽Ӯ
۳Ĭã̾һ֮ңֻкܵ͵ĸӮмĿһҷ𣬵վӮˣһյʤ
ѾõĻᣬڵ֮һֻǿʼǻƳһչҵȨʹ֮ǰŬһ񣡡
ǿܣһˣ
ӳĬƬ̣ڵ
жǲóʮɢֳľ죬Ǹӵķһָԭû⣬ֵŴˡ
һƬţĽüͷ壬гޱȡ
ʦ֣İ취𣿡
۵
ֻʣһ;ˣ
ӵһ仰˲ۺͽע⡣
ʦ֣˼ǣ
̽ŵ
ڵҪǰʥƫһΨ˵ע֮ϵĻᣬŵĵλҲĻˣ
ӵ
ۣڸӦҲнչ˰ɣ
˵ţƳһۡ
ˣ
һͻȻʲô
лʦָ㣬֪ôˡ
۹һ񣬺ܿ뿪˲á

Է˺ܴãڼ֮󣬳͢һݰģ£֮еĴӷᷢ䣬̡£˸̲ʥʵ£Ҳ˽һ׷ٽнһ
һļƶ£֮ҵĸӰҲС֮󣬵˻֮ҵನʱһѸʦյע⡣
ÿÿ
ʦһ֮ҵİԱߣһֿȺ˵ĿУһµĴŰԱߡ
ЩĿ죬ȥҲ죬ֻһʧ
˷շӵѸӿŰ¡
ϲѶ´ͬ½չͬ죡
ȺУһʶֵ̼˰ϵ̧ͷ⼸仰Χ˾һԽԽȺʱ£
дʲô˭ܶ
иȤȺʱе֮ر²۵̨ܱ߸кѾ˾֪֮ǰŮٵʦι۵ʢ¡
ŷµĽչ˵Ȥ
ʵ´ͬ͢ǩƽЭһʮ죬Ϊֹ͢ڸȡüչع£
Ⱥвѧ֮ʿϵһһ˳
һЭǩ͢Ѻãûзս£⣬͢ӽ˽⣬ٽ÷ٵĿģ˶ദ̲и߾۹ͻʺͻʺĴ˹ص۹گʳ۹һ
̲˫ó׶ӣ飬ˮƽȴӰո
ڶɳ͢Ĵ֧֣ͨ͸ѺЭ̣͢ڸѧãΪֹ͢ڸѧѾﵽǧٶѧϰѧҲӡ
У߾ˣͻʺһǧˣͻʺһǧˣʳˣ˹ص۹ˡѧϰѧʮ֮ࡣ
ֻ˽ܹսڴޱס
Ϊս˫֮ѺãƽĵҲӣĿǰͳƣǰóİվʮ֮
εķȰ˵ѾȫźƹѧĹУҲõ˸Ļҵ֧֣иٵĻӵܣҲΪҵӣУʳ۹ӰնŮɳ˹ռϿͻʵӣ߻ӣͻʵӣ߻ӣʮӣ߾۹ĻӣԼţΪҵӡ
ĻŮλߣӰ켫˵ѧϰѧһҴƵĻ̣ƽҲ͸˽Ҳ档

ǰ漸ҲͰˣһΧȺ۾һľϲ
ʲôĻҶΪҵĵӣ
̫ˣ벻ôӰʱգ˶˵ǴƵԣ
Ȼ²££ȻôĽչĵҵĻҶӣҹĹ
ΧȺѸ궯
ʲôҿҿ
ⷬ˾ۼȺ֮УһӰԶԶɫأֻһգۣѸٵתʧȺ֮С


үˣǱжˣ
Ƭ֮ȸ糾̤ͣ鷿֮С
鷿ڿһ飬ȸĻüͷһ壬Ѹ̧ͷ
ȸҵҲʣԼռ鱨ϸ˵˳
ү֮ҲŸոƽϢʱ򷢲ְģڸĵĽչֻǱġ
ȸ
ԣеᣬüͷ֮ңҵӣۺǱΪ˿ԼضԤϡֻҲû뵽Żôô졣
үŶһȺظ̸ֻֽ֮ڹҴȴû̫洦ҴƵıͲ࣬һҪͬʱԿôĹңıҲóһϣôȥ֪Ҫǳٻүôˣ
ȸ
û˵ֻ΢΢ͷı۾һָߵţ˳˼


1803 飬ԣ
о仰ȸ˵ûѡʱģ´ͬ½չȻ֮ⲻھƣʣԼƽ֮ңǸо˺ܴѹ
ǱߣȻҪ˻ᣬ̻ڰеӡֻǡ
ȷʵи˽ˣ
ָߵһ棬
ڴһǧʷУǲϵĵȴŻᣬϣʵԼ´ͬԸһǺò׻˻ᣬҪĸԸ˳ǾԲܵġΪȻҲ븺翹
û˱ףƵΣһһֻǿǴĩʱԱʱ
֮ҲȷʵҪи˽ˣھõĻᡣ
ȸīɡ

ǣ
ȸһϲæƹ첽ߵԣϵīϸϸĥ
ǰ˼Ƭ̣ܿʣȸĥ̯֮һֽպպīܿд
£б࣡
£۲𣬶Դƻ񡣴ƱƾǿηΪǿ۹
ƲóıżǯƱԻٳǣԷ书й֮С
ԣĵ֮л죬η£Է书ض죬ֻ´ֻơ
Ϊ²΢룬ָļ

һһ䣬ˮϵֽϳֳ
ɾתʼдŤŤ缦צһ㣬һδεس飬Ըı䣬Ҳ֮仯ȻȲϴңҲַǣԳһҡ
ȸұһҪ빬һˣ
һһֽϵīܿվ
Ƭ֮󣬴ţ岢ûǰ̫͵;һתһ̫ȥ
ּˡ
ԶԶأ廹ûпһϴ̫ķƮ̧ͷֻһߴӰ߸ߵվ̨̫ףԶԼ
߹
żʮ̨ףһ
µ𣿡
߹һ£ְֳ׸վ̨ϣһ΢ЦŸսţ͸оϢصسӭӡǰ꣬ʿͣǱߵüƷڵ£ҵ߽ʥʵⳡ䡣
ǣ࣬Ҫ£ͷͨһ𣿡
ͷһ
ǺǣΪŵ𣿡
Ԥϣ߹վ̨ϣȴûж˼
Ѿ֪ˣ
һڵ
Ǻǣµ飬жٱ²֪أο⾩ʦ֮ڣ
߹΢Цⷬڿ϶Ĳ²⡣
ȣ֪б࣬ūͿˣһתµġ
ⷬһ£빬ʥжߣһɲǣͻȻҲЩ׼ʥʵˡ
ЩͷԺзӶܿ侲
ǰܿ콫Ǳ׼õ£ݵ˸߹С
ˣеһб¶˼
߹ӹµ
һ£˵ͷܿ뿪

ָļռأ
֮Һոչٸ󶼻ãһ¾ʥ֮󣬺ܿڳ͢ʱҰȻ󲨡
ʲô
ͬһʱ䣬²¸Уϡ񾵵յϢһŭѡ
Ҿ֪Щ쵰֮һʹôˣҲۼʶսѵӲ𣿡
ڸȫǣǺòײźǴЭ飬άֺƽָҽһһ̼ΧеĹңʱǰˣ
һҪֹ
̫ˣǲŸոģʥʣͷ³Լ߹ؽӦҪѹǿɲװ
˶ѡ
鷳ǣʥִƳ͢ǴӣǸĦʥʵ⡣
һԣ̾Ϣһ䣬ڵնʱѹ˼֡
֮ǰΪλҲΪܹ׵ƿس֮͢以кҲŷչʥʡɾͲһˡ
ΣǶóͨ͢Ǹ˵£ܸĴۣǶ
һԣİŮɫأ
ʦ֣ô죿
˵һ䣬ŮŤͷ˺󷽲Զڵϵۡ
һӸոտʼһֱ˫ü壬һ
ڵľƶǷǳ
֪˶ãڿˣ
ϡټϾȼ֮ȷʵѶԿ֮ǰĹ䣬ǵĵطûкʹ֣֮ҡ˲̫Ŷ޿ָ𡣡
źұǹΪһ壬˫ֵĹϵڴսǧʱ䣬Ӱͳ׻Ȩ֮УֻҪûз¹ʥʣҲıǡ
һ˵ǻлᣡ
˵һ䣬۶̧ͷĿޱȡ
׼īֽ⣬Ҫʥʣ⣬еʩӰ죬ó͢䶼վһߡ
´ͬΪΪ˽ΪĸζܻЩ֮֡
ǣ
Ծ񣬺ݺսȭͷ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һСͬīֽ⣬һŵǰƬ̣ܿȡʼϵëʣչİֽд
΢ʥʣƣԵ·ˣˣԹͳһ£ƽսֹսսֹиڴˣһһǰͺ̣ϣлˣʹ޵̫꣬ƽ
ԣĵĻл죬η£ˣƃ̫ڻʵʮ̫꣬ްɸԸΪ̫ڻʵޣʸ־ģѵƃǺ𣿡
ĵĺ˽ݡ߰кˣҲˣġ֣֮νͬģͬ
ģʰ֮ģлĵգʹ̫֮ƽ

дһ̧֣ͷɫ֣ޱȡ
׼һ£һҪ빬ڳ͢ϲŵĹ۵㣡
ǣ

¡
ŵ飬ۺ壬λԵĹ۵㣬ٴڳҰ⣬Ȼ󲨡
֮ǰѾı֮ٴν˵Ұ
ʦеսŸոսٴЩ˵䵽ʲôʱŻ
ΣҶվһߡ쵰ѵҪѪɺ𣡡


1804 Ѳ⣡
죡˵˭ԣ֮´󳼺ͱ߽ɱ¾һˣˣʥʶɱ޾޸ˣһλ֪ʲô𣿡
źƽʦǴƵĹȣӽ£ⲻ˵֣֮ط
һʦս£飬ѵȥЩı֮ͽ𣿡
ֻܱԼܱƺһζ룬ֻ޳Ʊ
Ҳܣ˭ڮ˭ҵĵˣ

ȸϣǰһ˾ۼһͬҲֵ֡֡Ⱦʦطݸ֮УֻǺǰһߵҲͬͷβӵˣ֪˰֮ࡣ
Ŷû뵽һһεս֮ǰı¼ر֮ңֹǻȨ֮ھʦİ˵һαʵܵսԶûôԶ
ÿ˵ֻһΣս٣Ҫȥ˵ԷִֻֻУ
ԽԽң֪͵һα֮ȣѾ˺ܴı仯ͬ۵ҲԽԽࡣ

ʹ̫֮С
ʥʽ۵һϡ
ϣһһңڷֱۣ۵ġ
£֮ǰͲܴӰˣڱ֮ңôȥ»ɺܴĶ
󷽣߹ֳַ
ж
ʥʱ۾һ̣˭Ҳ֪ʲôѲ⣬Ǹʥʼʮĸ߹ܶʱҲ²ⲻʥ뷨
˲Ż磬۴ķ濴˶ǵ۹Ķ֮ţҲսǺͣڳҰⶼ൱ӵ
Ļʥʡ
ʥʵٴһ⣬ƺѾ˾ϡ
ûжãܿ죬ⱻʥӡűͳ˻ʹ

֮УһƬ谵Ϸһ
˼ʱһϰߡ
֪ʥǱ󵽵׻δã
谵Уһ£Ժлһͷ
ָһѾȥһʱˣۺǱߵۣҲˣʦͷβۣȸҲÿ춼㱨ˡ
Ϊ۹ϵĴڣʥȴΪֹûбԼⳡ֮е̬ȡ
⼸գҲμ˺üγᣬϣҲԶ飬ÿγᣬһ飬ʥʾͻͻȻ뿪еһûȥˡ
ʥʵ̬ʼģɣ˭Ҳ²͸
ʥʵ֮ңǱ֮ʵȫ֪ʥʻǷӴٳŵ׳ԼƵľóһ˵ʥʶҲϿɵ˼˲²ⲻ͸
һ°ͣԺд˷
ӱʥΪһǿƣսľվԼһߣⳡ֮ԼҲкܴĸʤ֪ڱ֮ϣʥʵ̬ԶǱϿô򵥡
ڣ嶼Ȳʥôġ
ƫƫΪϵĴڣ˹ϵǧһۣʥʵ̬ǡǡⳡ֮Ĺؼڡ

˼ʱͻȻһ󼱴ҴҵĽŲ֮Уһܿƿţ˽
ү͢ˣ˵Ǳּүǰ̫ʥ
ˡ
һ𣬶̧ͷдΪ⡣

ԡ£ۣܿ뵽˻ʹ֮С
֪ʥټʲô£
尲д˷ʥʵּ÷ǳͻȻ嶼֪εʲô¡
ꤣֻƬ̵ʱ䣬͵ִ̫ǰ
ƵʹһƬ谵ִʱȴ̫ǰһӰţԼ֮ǰִ
ۣ
ֻǿһۣʱ΢΢ɫ
㣡
ͬʱһӶдۻȻתҲע⵽˺󷽵塣
Ŀԣնʱޱȡ
ʥͬʱټˣ
һǣԺеһͬʱʲô
壬벻㵽ڻִԲ۹֮𣡡
ͻȻڵɫࡣ
ҵĵĵ˵ʲô
ʲôҶóѵģ

Ϊҵԭ۹Ѿ÷ǳΣһмȥˡ
Ŀԣ˭Ҳûá
壡
ۣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ضҡһϡͻȻӴдһɲǣն·ڲ
ͬһʱ䣬ɫ΢䣬˶оһԴѹ
΢μ£
΢ߵ£
ͬһʱ䣬泯̫ķ̬ϹϾ
꣡
ͬѿһӴϢ籩㣬ͻȻ˵ĸ֪Уһ̣ͬʱоһ֮ϵӴϢվ뿪˵ķӴϢĿ·ˡ
۶̬ޱȡ
Ϊ۹ǿĴڣͬʱҲʢĵߣʥʾʸܵκ˵𾴡
䣡
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬̫ſڽƵգһΰӰ·oһ㣬ͻȻż۵Ұ֮С
һɲǣǵӰΪؼ䵱֮ģﶼһʧȥɫ
֪Ϊʲôǹ𣿡
ʥʾӸ£ϺƵ쳹ա
΢֪½̻壡
ͷ­ʹҳ
Ƕ˵ۣ޶ѿĳʲôǶ˵ĳͻѾ۹˺ѡ
ʥʵĮ˿вĽӴѹҲȫʥϵ顣
ɳȥڸһᣬڱ֮䣬һʤ
ˣ
ʥʵĻ˶һ廹ۣ˭Ҳû˵֪֮Ѿһʱˣʥʼûб̬һͬʱ빬ʥһϡ
֮˶ҲضǶ˶գյӰƻҲǶ֮䡣޸һᣬʮպھʦ䳡һʤⳡ֮˽ᣡ
еʤߣӮⳡ֮ʤ
ʥʺ̫죬ǰ
¡
һʯǧˣһȴɲ
˭Ҳû뵽ʥյľȴһʤԴΪⳡ֮ս
кȻǳ㵣һ࣬ͬޱȣԤеĽ
£⡭
𶯣ֹ
ȻҲԾܾһܾۣű˳ãĴɵЭ飬һϡ
㣬壬ⳡ֮ҲкܴΣһܾ޽еĹ;λ󶼻⣬µȫȥһ¼á⣬뿪֮󣬱ٴξŵĳ
İ취ȻյĽ֮֮˶𣬽Ƕ˱ҲۣⳡӰͣ
ʥʵ϶ƴ󣬲ϵ˶
̫ǰһƬţֻз۹һд˷ɲ
Ѳ⣡
һǣԺֻʣһͷý빬֮ǰû뵽ġ
Ǵӵ˵ʥ˵ģƫƫõĽ


1805 ʥڹ̫ףϣ
ʥѾûѡء
а
»ģʥʶȡһУҲκβȴòЩһ·ԼĲ롣
ؼǣۣڳõĹȫȥ͸ĵĺƽЭ飬Ҳվα겻αΪִ÷ʽŵʵض޷׸
ҪǣʥʲûзźǵĲԡ
֮ôãӰѾǳԶܾһʤóһۣδͬٴηҲҵʱ±лҪöࡣ
۹ովңѾ޷ٳܸڲˣһα֮޷۹ʲôӡ
ЩͷԺзӶһ̣ܿ⡣
΢ּ
΢û飡
ͬһʱ䣬̫ǰͬʱ
۵һ˿ײĴ㵣ֻһͬһʱ䣬ϴʥϺƵ
ܺãʮ֮޻ࡢָԼ̫ʦ̫֮ⳡҲΪⳡ֮һţ
Ϻƴջ졣ʥʵϢܿ˵ĸ֪ʧˡ
ʥ֮Ҳܿ뿪ˡΨһ뿪ķȻ̨׶£뿪̫һط
ʲô
²¸Уȫۼһã֮⣬ܶųҲ׷׸˹
һʤΪʲôҪӦ
屾ţѼ鱨Ѿ΢Ҿ˳һ棬Ǻʤǣ
̫ǰ۴Ӧʥʣھʦ䳡һʤ˶ܵ˼𺳡˶û뵽ģһʱ䣬еޱȡ
ѾûѡʥҲûиѡأ
۳ɫԤϵƽ
ǻ˼˵ľǰͺ̣òײŵȵ´ͬĻᣬһʥϳ͸ĵĺƽЭ飬ǾǰΣҶ
۵Ļ˶Ĭˡȷʵ˶ܲġ
֪ʥʵЧ̫ڣرߣѹܱ˽յķٺǿʢñ⣬֮ʤҺУѾΪȡòˣ
۳ĬƬ̣ŵ
ǹӣһʧܣǸִܲۡ
һԣڵü磬彻֣֪ԷȻ̳λã̳˺ȻʥҲܻ塣
ΪȷʵܸߣⳡȴӮˣ
ͻȻڵ˵ʱӹһ˿˵⡣
ӣ
ڣһƬ㵡ⳡϵش˭Ҳ֪ΪͻȻ֮ôš
ʦ֣ѵ롭
ֻһԵİŮɫǣƺ뵽ʲô
ţһսϵŵ˥ͳɰܣҲǸǼʱˡ
˵ţ֣صĵ˵ͷһ˿΢ɫ

һ࣬صۡǡȸӥǡҵ˶ŷٶĸۡ
̫ˣ
²¸̫ͬǰ£㵣漴һ˷ޱȡ
үʥʶѾˣүɷŹЩŵĻ쵰һҪݺݽѵǡ
Щ쵰̫ˣүʱǧ򲻿֡
Ҳʱɨȥˡ

Ϊһ̣Ѿȵ̫ˣʱ䣬Ϣ
ûô򵥣
ʱһͻȻ˶һɫɴȹףͬµһ㣬ֻ˫ÿüʱȴһصӡ
ৣ
ⷬ˲һƬž˵Ŀ׷١
ѵεľʲô𣿡
ȸʵ˺ദҲһʱˣر˹֮ս֮ң˼ʶλҹϵļ͡ʹϻۡȻٵ书ߣ˶𾴣½塣
壬Ҽǵ˵ʥ󲻾ã۲û˼ܾãǺܿʹӦˣ㻹Ҫϼ֡飬㲻Щ𣿡
ʮ֮ǵľϵشŽǧĳﻮ͵ȴһսû·Ҳû·Щûаյ顣
ٵһ˫ȴǴ˼䴩˶ϡ
һɲǣΧ˶Ĭˣ׷üͷ
űֳ;ģûбȻİգȷʵ״Ӧⳡ
Ҳеǡ
忪ڵ˲ͬʼնûôɡ
٣ʲô뷨𣿡
˵Ŵǧܹ꣬һһĳºۼض֮һָо۸ôӦľضʲô֪̣Σвɴ⡣
һ֣ص
ʱ䣬һᾡüŵһ𸴡
ȸȥ¬֮͢ѧʿһ٣ŵĵϸ
˵ͷҲԱߵȸһۡ
֮ңܹαţƭͺʹǰ䣬¬֮͢ӹΰҪǣ¬֮͢ڸֹŴ伮棬׭в׵裬İæ᷽ܶࡣ
ǣ
ȸæһһ𾴵

˵ʱʱ죬ڵ˻ʮ֮֮ľʱȻ֮䣬һŲҴңִꪣ˽
үոյ˹үĿ

һ仰˲ɫ˹ڴǵ۹һŻҲǵ۹ӴʳҪذҪǣ͸֥뿪ʱͶ˹ء
˹ƽ½͢ϵеĸ˰˹ȫãʵϣȡ͢ͷ˹ˡˣ͸֥Ҳ˹һҪ˹ڴʳشʵʱ򣬼ԭ
⻹˹һʹüķʽϢ
һ˲䣬ޱȡ
ù
ЩͷԺзӶعܿ쳯֡
ģֻȼ֡
ʳ䣬춯⣬ʳ۹ʥڹ̫׳أүСģ
̣ǿֽϵݣֻһѹã˭Ҳû˵
үʳĲҪǴˣ
һֱûôڵҵͻȻ˵ˡĿѩ͸һɸ־սҵԹָǿ֣жУʳǿͬʱҲǶԴвĴڡ
˵Ϊʱ磬ڣʳûз
мֽɫص
ֱ֣ܳϳʥʡ͢ͱ⴫ܼӴʳ򡣡
⣬Ǹʥڹ̫ףҪȫϣ
ǣ



1806 ̫׳أ
ڣ˺ܿ뿪ֻɰ˳˼
̫ף
֣̫Ϥˣͼȣ̫಻һˣٹ̫֣Ӧóʱʱ䣬Ҵʥڣ
Ҳǵã̫ĳƺš
Σָоһ籩Ϯ

ңԶĴʳ۹۶͸ĵطһƬɫĹɽһ㣬Ȼǳеİȴ޼
ºն࣡
ڴʳУʥ۾˼Ǵʥڹ̫׾סĵطڴʳ̫ӵϵĵλĴӰԶκξս֮ϡ
ΪʳĴڣͽѧ鲼£ܶܶǳ£ĵӣ˹֮սУɱĴʳսײ
ǹ̫׵ĹͻԶֹˣڽ̽ʦݣʼ֮еʱķԶûгʳ۹ҲԶûнôӰܹӴǸʱĴʳҲֻһ΢ǿСѡ
ڹ̫׵У۹չֳǰδеѸٱһµսɨܱߴСңӴĵ۹ӵµս
ķҲڹ̫׵ĻϽһţܴﵽڷԱһǧƽĵزɾǿĵ۹
˵ûй̫׾ûڵĴʳ۹Ϊˣ̫ױΪʥڣӵϵĵλ˾һڵ۹棬Ҳǿ֮һ
Ҳڹ̫׵ӴӰѾвȨķһĴʳ﷢ǳɵ
ںܳһʱڣĹ﷢ų̫ףӰųھ֮⡣
̫ȴԶҪ߰Ķ࣬׵ĻȨ˵̫ȴ
ڼʮǰʳĹչڰ˳ҵʱжְλҲ˳˾ڰ͸ĵط޽ɫʥǣºն࣬ͬʱԼӰﻮΪء
ºնԼ˰ٶƽ˴ʥڹ̫׵ྫӣԼճ̵ŮūͣǳϽκ˽롣
Υ
Ժ󣬹̫׾ͶƱչأû֪̫浽ʲôҲû֪ΪʲôҪ޽ºնࡣֻ˶֪ºնĵһȦȫںڵģͬһչһÿҹһɴִṴ̃ǵĻ𻨣ӹºնĵλó
ֹˣһӴʳ̶ʮԲҹӹºն⾭һ޴ķ˺ƥ·ܵ޴ţ˻ȫɢеҲɪɪܵĸоһ־޴Ŀ־塣
˺鲻ϷڴʳŸָйعºնǵĴš
û֪ºնʲôܣֻ֪ԽԽ࣬Ǿˣû˸ðŶͷΣգǱʥڵʥǡ
ʱ˿̣ºնȴǳŴ󿪣ʮĴų̶ӣ֣Ⱥڹºն⡣һľ̺ӵ۶͸һֱ쵽˹ºնſڡ
еһжΪڽӭλϵĴʥڡ
Ѿĸʱˣʥڻ𣿡
ڹºն룬ʹʳĹ£ʳ﷢ķͻȻڵüͷ壬һ˫ںɫǰ߰һֱһʮ׵ľ޴
޴һƬڣرשʯ飬Ѿֱ治طģһƬѬǵļ
Ȼ˵ǾȴһƬɿݣףºնûдȡˮҲûκȡˮװܺͻ֡
ºնЩ˵̫׾УҺܾöûгķбһ˵Ĺо
Ϊʳ۹Ĺ﷢ķڹ̫ǳܽеҲһ֪ʵϣǺɺǳܣͲκйλʥڵϢ
԰̫꣬׼Ȼᵽ˽ճأǾһֵģ
ʱһУ˾һۣͻȻڵ
ʥڳأǽʱ۹䶯Ĵ£ֻ˾ʵϣո¾ͻ֣ᷢķʹ˾飬վ۹ܶܶУϢɽʹ󺣰㣬ֱʡ
ϸȥͻ֣ᷢ󷽲ԶѾսܵĶܶ˹֣ҲС
𣡡
ķЩͷʱͻȻ֮䣬𶯣ɫ֮ǹºնͻȻҵĲֹˣһɹṴ̃ž޴ˣͻȻǰǿڽڵ֮¶ֱʡ
⣬ô£
ķ۾𶯡
ϣ
ûķ׹ô£ųս˻һƬңһ󾪻ŵĽһ˲䲻֪սӹºն̶г˳ȥ
һĻķʼϲȻһлԶûн
Сģ
ķһķָɽѣӵĪܵܶܶͻȻȥͷ·ǰǿھ޴ͻȻһͷֲħ㡣
ʵҲȷʵˣΪ۹سǵĸ֪ԶĶ࣬ںµһɲ˷оڲһſֲϢ籩㣬Ծ˵ٶȴӵصŵر
ڳܶܶһǾĸ֣ſֲϢǰȴө֮°㣬Сޱȣ޹⡣Ҫǣÿ˶ŷ籩ϢУоһɴģŰĻ֮·ڵĿģΪ˴ݻһ㡣
˵ʱ䣬ͷص׵ʱԾ˵ٶͻ𣬵ڶʱ˹һɹŨҶĿĻ棬ܵͬҽһ㣬ӵص
ڻ£նŤ¶һɫʱѷ졣
䣡
ֻת˲֮䣬һ˺ʮ޴ĴͻȻƿնֱʡ
ЩȫɴġҽĻɣ̫ۣҺͨĻ治ͬЩ津ֵĩˣһɹɰɫĻ棬˵ĸоΣա
ֹˣЩֲĴִʱΧͻȻ˲Ӽǧȣȣһֱʮȣһ

Χ˾󣬷׷ײȥǹɻȻûյǣÿ˶ܵԼյȻʼģֱ˼顣
Ҳصģֻһͷʷǰ޶ѣѾʥڳ׽ˡ
ʱ˿̣Ψһ򶨣һģΨ˾ˡ
ޣ

һǣķΧһܶܶڣһƬɻ
Ź̫ײڱչΪʲôֺʲô޳ϹϵҴʳ۹ڣʲôޣǾ͸ôĵط
˾ѧԨ֪ͷĶĿ
ʱһ侲ޱȣ͸ĪϣͻȻӵصδ䡪
䣡
𶯣˹һֻ޴ĺںɫצޱȣͻȻһץ˾޴Ե


1807 ʧ
£
ΧһƬܶ͸ܶķǰ
ؾţǴʥڣ
ʱķһ侲˿Ϊ
Ŀֻڣһֻ޴ĺںצ˳צһϤӰǴʥڡ
ʥڣ
ķȻûмʥڹ̫ףڰ͸Ļʹڣ̫׵Ļõǡ
ķϸĴǸӰںɫצϵǵӰһ׾ĳֻۣɫޱȣ۵Ļһ룬ȻŨܵȴһ˿Ϊ
Ѿȥôʱ䣬벻Ȼûκε˥ϣ
ķа
ʱ㣬ʮǰ̫ʱѾаʮˣȻȥôʱ䣬̫òϳ˷ĩЩ֮߰⣬ȥʮࡣ
»ʱһģһҲԻ͵ʱ
ǼֺĶӰɣ
ںצϣ̫ͻȻˣлʮȵĸ£̫׾Ȼ˿Ӱ죬Χһܶܶľѡ
ʥڣ
ķ״æͷɫΪʳ۹ķӵϵĵλֿǺƺҲֻй̫ˡʵϵ͵Ļ̫׿Ѿһʮˡ
ķ࣬ȷʵʸôƺķ
߳ܰҰѱȨȥеһж׵ұΪһаͰ࣬Ҫ˶ãǴʳܹͳһ½أΪףû뵽ǻᱻһʮĶܣҲƽ˰͸
̫׵һ˵ţһԵ
棬ķ仰ʱߺ죬ǿ֮䲻Ҫ̫κڣ̫ףܶܶˡ
ʣжУǷ˾޴Ĺ
ķܶܶҲ׷׵ͷ̫׵Ŀԣ൱˶μ˺ɺ֮սǸ꣬׷𱱣ǧֱɨء
ڹ̫ףλս޲ʤ޲˵Ĵʳ˵ǰ硣
ʥڣĵ˱еҪǿ࣬һʼҲţǺ˹սܣľսܣĵײҲ˶ԷУԷ˹ܡײʵţʥӦ÷ǳ˽⡣Եģͨĵˡ
ķĬƬ̣ڵ
棬ײ֣̫ĬƬ̣û߳ˡ
ʲôĵˣ赲ǴʳĽŲײսܣ˵׻̫ˣȻЧңվңҲֻﵽ߳ɵӣսɳҲԩñˡ
ֻת˲䣬̫׾ͻָһֻ̤գƽذ㣬
ֻǣû˿ʳǸĴƺͳ˧ͽðɡ硭վҪҵƽ
һ˲䣬ķΧܶܶȫͷ¶˳ɫ
硭
ʵϣҲǳԵɡֻҪܹǸƣܱߵĹȣһж޹ؽҪ
ʥڣԸ⽻еıȨ۹еܶܶеĴȫǴֱΪֹɹҽʥ֮УΪʥδеľʹ󳼾ǵ۹ΰս͹
ķ
¹̫׶ڹ»ȨλѾѲ⣬ķĻҲ۶΢΢ݡȻʥ֣Ƕ˵Ҳӵм
ʵϣʳܹͳһ½磬еĹȣǧͳͳڴʳ˵ͳ֮£⽫ǰδеĹѫݹҲȷʵԳʥˡ
ʥڣӣȻˡǸӦҲ˵صǸʧĶɣ
ʱһԵĴ˾ͻȻڵ
ʧ
һ˲䣬ķΧ˵Ŀ⣬׷˹̫׺ʹ˾˵ϣжһƬãȻ
ºնﵽ׻ʲôܣ
ʧͷֲ»ʲô
ڵ۹˶֪ʥڱչ书ڿԶˣķʮʱ䣬Զ۹ȨģƺŸĿġ
ǺǣѾɹˡ
̫׵һЦԭһֱ£УʱͻȻ滺˳
˵ĿУһɵģ֮ǰûзֵĹ⻪ͻȻз
̫֮УȻһģѪɵԲտĹ⻪ͨ͸ޱȣǴԲɢġ
ΪǣǸѪɵԲȻ·ӵԼ㣬ڹ̫׵㣬һһϵţɢһɶصغϸʱտĹâԼ棬ΪĹϣʹʳŽֶȻͬ
£İɣõҵĳŵһΣҽƽ磡
̫ȴû˵Ŀ⣬ֻһ˲һգֽöĽԲУͬʱĿ˴ʳ۹Ĺ﷢ķ
⣬ڿʼеľӽͳΣǽҵ־ѵ磬Ҫһ֧ǿģսľӣ
Ը
ķͷ­ʹԽĹˡ
ˣʥڣ۹һЩҪȫնɱ𣿡
ͻȻķڵ
ˡǡã
̫װ˰֣ͻȻ¶һ˿ζЦݡ

Ҳʳ۹Ķʱ˿̣ƾʦ֮С
ʱٽһ֮˳Ұ⣬ԼµעĿ²֮ǰļ¼Ѿ½֪ÿ˶ڵȴż֮䳡ϵǳ
ַ֮ʽһʤ˵Ԥϣȴ֮С
۹ʥӵϵȨӰ죬һܳҰ⣬˶ӡ
ʥڳ͢İ˵ַʽϣʧ֮䣬Ƕ۹˺Сķʽˡ
ʱһȥ˶׵ȴš
ʱ˿̣ʹ÷С
𣿡
ѧ֮Уӵ¯뵵һʥζһǰǰѩɢڵϵۡ
ѾΣǴʱ˿̣¶أһׯϵζƽʱȻͬ
ѾˣΣ֮ľһҪʤΪ˺ǧ̫ƽζҪʤʦȫ
ֱͦһ֣ص
źһ棬ͬԴۺȻܴ󣬵ȴͬƽʦֵ֮ƣȻʱ˿ǰȴִ֮񣬺˵ĿҲǺƽʱȻͬ
ʦܣһлüϣܹٴ˼ҵʷϣֹвһЩʦ䱻ΪӵģûһˣǼʥ֮
ŵʷϣҲֹһЩž޵䣬Ҫǿдϴ˹ڣһܹɹġ
ʱ仯ܹʥᲢ۵˼ڣһ֮ɹϣڵҲ١ӣ㻹Ҫ𣿡
һ


1808 ʥ֮·
ǫǫӣ
֮һ㣬󲿷ֶʼΪͣ˵ܹ֮
ǲӻۣһȻƺˡ
ʦ֣֪ңԣҲ˭ΣֻҪܹʵԸԹ޻ڣʦֳȫҿʥ֮ڣ
Ҳ΢΢ı˳ƺֱǰӣɫᶨ
󼸸ȴʯ쾪
ʥ֮ڣ
ԡի䵽ѧģǴ˵еĴʥʥʦʥڡ
ʱʥŵʢǿʢҲֵסʱĳˢ
ʱ䳤УʥһеһжѻΪ˴˵Ǻ֪Ϊ̵ʦʥʥȴһʥǾǿʥ֮ڡ
ҲǴʥΨһһ۾ôʱҲḯࡣ
ͺųӵкȻʥʥһҵʥǿʥ֮ڣӱʥĳߺػˡ

ӳ̾һ
ȻѾҲֹ㡣ֻ룬Ӧ֪Ҫÿʥ֮ھͱ뾭̡߽֮ȥ׶༪٣ˣ㻹Ҫȥ𣿡
Ը
ۺԥ
ѧһƬž˫Ŀ˭Ҳû˵
Ȼˣɣ
·ֻһɲǣֺͣڴƼžڵ
һ䣬ת۵ĿУƿѧúһСţȥ
۳Ƭ̣ܿվ÷ֺȥ
÷ֵĺ󷽣һϵĵţܾ˷ޣϸȥĺĲ֣ޱȣû˿ĸġ
÷ĵͬһƬţΧʮ˳ȾΧʵǿĽ泯棬һ
ʥأ
ǰһʯд˸֣һӡȻǴƻµӡǡ
ʥ֮ʥ֮ܹ͵ߣȻⷬҵѾ˵ǵ̫ڻʵۻʯǲرء
ʯԣͣ˽Ų
߰ɣȡ֮·ܱ㾭սҪѡ
˵źܿʯ󷽣΢΢ͣһ£Ҳſʯ
֨ѽ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ƿǰĵ¶һͨ
ֻǺеĲֻͬͨһ˶ߣĳ߶ֻм΢Ĺâ˿Ρ
ǰʥ֮·ˣ֮Уܻܲÿʥ֮ڣͿ컯ˡһҪȰһΣʥ֮·ΣأһȻ߳ԣԼѧʷȴѾҲΪʲôһһ䣬ʥǰȴܹɹ
һǧܹȡÿʥ֮ڵҲֻ˶ѡҪͷü
ӳ
գ
û˵жΪشĽһ̤ܿ촩ţ˽ȥ
һ̾Ϣ

ʥ֮·
ͨһƬ谵ΪﵽּѲӰ죬Ǵʱ˿̣վ֮ͨȴԺд˷뵽ණ
ʥ֮·
֮оһجΰĴڣ˵ʮλΪǿн׳־;ۡ
ʥ֮ڣ
ʲô˶ȡģ֮Գʱݷ꼻һְ㣬һʱ䣬ųּΣҲкܴĹϵ
ʦΣҶһҪʵŵԸҾκƻ֮׵´ͬ
ʯ䣬ͷԺзӶĿᶨӿ첽ܿǰȥ
ͨһƬžֻ۵ĽŲͨڻ졣
䱸һȥ
һʥ֮·۴С׹Укܶ伮ἰ·ȴ֪Щʥ֮·䣬Ҳἰݣֻ޵˵ʥ֮·Ŵʥʥ֮ǰľ֮·صĲ¼ɺͻɡֵ֮֮֡ȵȡ
գ
˼䣬û˿ף۽Ų̤ûӦǰȻһ䣬Χһܣյľʹҧȫһ֮Уʬѻɽ鲼Ұ
ЩʬϴżУΧ鲼еꪣһսһȼƮдƵģҲܱġ
һҵս
һûô£һ̣һʱС
öҺö
ʼֻһ˵Ǻܿ죬ԽԽͺ˻
ۣǵʳַǰɡ
ͻȻһϤֲϵ۵Ķߡ
ʦ
һʶ̧ͷȥֻһУһ뷢԰׵ߣżµӣΧһȺݹ᾵ļ񷢷
ʦ
ǵӰ־ϲæ˹ȥ
ʦǵʳҲˣ⼸еʦֵÿ춼ֻһ࣬ȥʦʦǿҲ߲˶Զˣ
ʱһС׷ߵԣһɫµͻȻڣüǡ
ʦ֣
۶۾ŲҲȻֹ
ɽ˲ôˣܻһʱһʱɣ
׷̾Ϣһı
ۣţɱʣܵ壬Ҫʵ´ͬͱһ׼Լ
һ仰ǰ׷̧ͷȴǶԶ˵
ʦ
ǲϡףϤ׻׻̻壬һᣬ֪䣬
öҺö
ѾûгԹˣˮδϣͿҰɡ

ʱܵİԽԽһܣԽԽʢߺΧݹ᾵ļ񣬻ڵأǶУȫż˵ķ£
еĸܿȫַܵļȴԽԽ࣬޼ǰԽԽ󣬾ܶ˼
쵰ˣ
ͻȻһֳֳìӺһѴ̴壬ìŴѪӿ¡
ʦ֣
۴ʧɫ˫͵һ䣬ʶľҪǰȥʱĶһŭ
ЩΧȫǸɵģʲô´ֻ֪ͬʼ壬һöûУ
ֳֳìɫŭޱȡ
ʳأôôһ㣬һǲˣĸ壬ǲ˵ǾͰǵָǳԣ
ͣһɫŭļһ̴꣬ΧɫԽԽҲԽԽʡ
ǣ
һǣΧһŷŭף־ŭΧһܣҲ룬𶯣ҪΧļ
ʱۿǰʦһֻƣԼһֹͣĶ
ۣȥɣɱʣܵ壬û־ܹʵŵһ̫ƽһĻһ죬Ҳϡ
һףۿʦĿ飬΢ЦһԼԺеǰ㡣


1809 ʥ֮ڣ
ҺöҺö
һ󰧺ܵļɫڱܵʹһӵϣ͵ǰʦǴʦʦ֡ʦ˺´Ѫ⣬Ѫܵģȥ
һɲǣۿЩиˡˣкͯ
ʦ
ۿʦҪûͫһһһĳ˹ȥȻŬȴʼ޷ʦ֮ľ롣
Һö
ʱһʵӶߴû۷ӦһӰԱ͵˹һںݺҧֱϣҧѪ⡣
ÿ
˫Ŀͨ죬͵ֱ̧ۣʶҪ
һɨȴסˡ
ǸСӣСǶĿ۸߸̧ƣʱȴôҲĲȥ
һ˲ʦʦֵܱ㱻ļû
һǣۿʦԶơ΢ЦӣԼҡͷһֱһֱֱֹ̣ۣǸȻʧˡ
᲻һΣᵽĸо
ۣʦʦܶȲˣôȥ񣿡
һޱȣ˷졣
û˵ţٲѣ׶ĵʹԽǿҡ
ʧˣɣЩ񣬾еĶǣҲ㡣
ʦ֣ʦܣʦáΪ´ͬʧȥһ֮㻹Ը𣿡
ŵ
˫־ؿڣԽ
һǣͷԺзӶ
Ը⡣
Լ
ʦʦ֡ʦܡǰȥЩҲȲˣȥأ

ֻԼ˫ɽҲԽӳأҪͣˡ
ǰȵôȥȣ
ʹԼһ·ûֻӳⷽ٣緢ĸоеֻһ·ġ
һ˵ʵãã޾ǰǺεȵСʱֻ۵Ϊ
ֻڸô֮Է
ʦˣʦˡѵװȥ𣿣
а취ģһа취ġ
΢һͷԽԽҲԽԽᶨ
ʦ˵ģûľȥʵŵԸʵԼеԸ
ΣҪõʥ֮ڣõʵ
һɲǣ۵üᶨޱȡ
¡¡
ڻӦ۵ɲǼ䣬ҡضһ̣۵ĿУػ谵һ޴ɽͻȻεض𣬱ֱĲ
ӴɽīԶԶȥ֪伸ǧף۵Ŀ⣬Ҳľͷ
֪ʲôʱΧһѾϨ𣬰ʵļҲǴûгֹһ㣬ֻۺǰľ޴ɽ͡
ɲǼ䣬۷·ʲôŲһһɽȥ
ͨɽ·ƺҲޱȵļѣʱۣȴҲûκγɡ


֪˶ãֻ亹乣ƣϵʪ͸ˡ
ոһɲֻж̶һ˲˵ȴ·һֻء̧ȥͨһƬžʲôûб仯ֻǵ۵ͷµĵ϶һ͹˶壬ʡ
߽֮𣿡
һǣͻȻʲô
棬ʡ塢ǡţټТ֮ģʣԼովıǡʡĿ顣
һɲǣͻȻףһһ䣬вྪž֮Ϊȴܹõʥ֮ˡ
ҪսʤףսʤԼȴϼѡ
߽̣֮ʵÿһ˵ģ£ܿܿΪ߾ܹ֮ͨȫʡ塢ǡšТ֮ˣмˣ
һؾѾˣۺ뵽漸ֻμѡҪͨʥ֮·Ŀ飬֮ѣѾκ书ԽˣֻǴʱѾûκε·
գ
ŲĿᶨȻȻǰȥ
ʱ仺ȥԼʱ󣬵âһɫ԰ףڴͨ˳
ͨɲǣ۽һģϸȥϢңڵϢģԭʮ֮һ˷·һ㣬վվס
̶һ·̣Ҳʮף۵ĸ֪УȴǾ߸ֻأ߸ͣޱ
վǽҳɹˣ
δ𣡡
һ亹£ۻعʶ̧ͷпմǰ
ͬڲʥ֮·ĩˣӵһӣ¡شĿ
ƻ޽˻ֺӴĵΧ˽פأʯֻΪ˱ϵѡ
ۿţܿ˽ȥһ۾Ϳһ޴
һɶߣϴһŴһַϵĳׯأȴ͸˿˿
˵Ļһ˫۾Ȼľ񣬵ȴӵһ㣬ǻۣ䣬еֻأϲ֣С
ʥʥʦ
һǣ۵Ժʶһ⣬ӵֱʵģҲֻԴĿʥʦˡ
ԴҲһǰͺ̣ҪȥʵԴȪ
ֻУңšһУϵĵλ
һ·£ǰһŹžľϣۿһĶһʱڡ
ʥ֮ڣ
ȻӣǺۣʥȴɢһɺ纣ǿ񲨶־ѾԶԶԽߡϸȥܹǶʥڵΧһȦİɫΣ΢ǿߣⶥʥ̺ľǰҲһ㣬Ե΢
ʥ֮ǵӵ֮ڣ־֮ڣѹʥ֮ڣ
κۻࡢࡢŰɱ¾ͷⶥʥǰû֮أҲ۶Ըķ
ۣݼʥʦϣʥʦӳģҿʥ֮ڣԶ̫ƽ
ۺܿǰǰ˫ϥ£һ
վǶʥ֮˹ȥ

ʱ仺ȥԼʱѾԽԽ
үոյϢ¬ѧʿġ
ϥĬĬϢʱȸͻȻ糾ͣ˽
Ǳߣڲ鵽һЩˣ
Ŷ
üͷ΢̧ͷ˹ȥ
ǰ̫ʥ֮о۵죬ȸȥ飬û뵽ôлӦ
̫аգصռеϣرйźͱҳͻе伮չ֮ǰĵ飬źͱ֮δĳͻζֻƬǳģ
һηڴʱȷļأᵽһĶʥ֮ڡ
ȸ


1810 ˷ע
ʥ֮ڣ
ԣüͷһ壬΢΢ֱ¶ɫ
ǣյ伮ϵļأӦרԸҵһʹǶʥڵˣүҲţӣ
ȸ
ˣ
Ӷ֣Ƥһ׹ᶭӶ֣֪˲࣬ȴ֪һ֣棡
ټң
һʱ׹ʱڵ£˲֪˲ʱݰټͨ飬ȷ˽ϵĵλ
ֻǾ嶼û뵽λպգ춨ټҵһλĶӣȻҲˡ
ʼյϢʱҲܳԾ¬֮͢ѧʿҲᵽӴأһֱ󺺣һֱռżΪǿƵλãټϴΪսҪԱԭ򣬱ҸӵϵĵλԶټҿԱġʱƾǶʥ֮ڣ˵˺ۣ˰ټңΪ춨˽յĵλ
⣬¬ѧʿᵽȥݷռң󺺾ʱڵʷ¬ѧʿ˵ʱҲԺգʵǿĴ󽫾۳ڵʱǶռоصĵλǵ˺ӳֺǻԣ۶Ҫľǰܸš
¬ѧʿҲ˵ݺᣬ亱еţڲҲλμ䣬ֻϧȻڣȴǷȱһ²µˣһûʵŵԸ´ͬδܱ۽ܣ
ȸ
û˵ֻ΢΢ͷд˷
¬֮͢ŵһγ֮󣬾һֱ׭ѾвСĽչܹ˳ĶһЩ׭伮а˳ϵ˼
ôԺյȻ䣬൱ȡ
⣬Ҳף¬֮͢νĶȱһ²µָʲô۳ڣ۹Ȼĵǿлĵλرǰ׵֮ܣôеľǡ
еľͼΣһѩǰܣ£´ͬȻ˻ͬرǱĵֻҪһΣܹеķŭִǰӶԸı䡣
ǵ˱Ƶ۹Ѿ½ǿʢܱǸ߾ͻʺگ˹ص۹ڴгԹ̣ԴƵʵηѡ
ر˹ͺɺܴʳӴĵ۹ƴʳĵ۶͸֮½磬ûдƲսʤĵˡ˴ʱͶʱȫлǿĵ
ڣҵ´ͬ˿ʵʩĿܺͻ
ʲôʥ֮ڵϢ𣿡
ͻȻڵ
ûУ
ȸҡҡͷ
ڿʥ֮ڵļرͺ٣˶֮⣬λǲȱģ¬ѧʿҲᵽ۵ǿʥ֮ڣ·ͬСɣϣүСġ
˵仰ȸҲ̲ס̧ͷǰ壬Щǡһεıȶϵ۹ˣĵõ˿ʥ֮ڣǿⳡȶöүΪ
֪ˣȥɡ
˻֣ȸ󣬺ܿ˳˼
õʥ֮ҲãҲգһΣҶò

ʱܿȥ˱죬ʦһƬ֣佫࣬͢سҴ壬ʦİգ˶ڹעⳡʢ¡ʦ֮У˶ڳǸӿȥгǧ򣬾ʦ⣬Ϊⳡʦİա
֮۹δÿһ˶ϢϢأÿһ˵õϢԺ󣬲Զǧĸ
ⳡȻڰȫԭ䳡ֻ˲ܹȥս˲ᳬǧˣΧȴֹΧֻۣǾԶûôаˡ
ˣ˵ܹۼ֤ⳡѾǳˡ
֪²֮䣬˭Żʤ
䳡Χ׵ľ룬һɫ۵Žż⣬ǰոɽĽդ䳡ķ׹
ûпʼԼʱ仹һʱ䳡ΧѾɽ˺ˣɫ۵ͷܶĦ࣬һ̼䣬ˣˣߣˣĺ˶棬һɫڴڲ²յĽ
ǻ룿϶书ƽϣѹ˹ֹǳ͢䣬ǴƵӢۣôĶ֣
˵ӮΣһЩç򣡶²ºһͬûгգôģȥ˵Щģ壡ҿӮһ²£ûʮգôܻӦ
û壬Ͱգ˿ʥ˱彣ġʮУճȻ֮ɲһӮ
ߣһȺ壬ѾˣǻЩһ´ͬʲô´ͬЩܺȥĵɱʦѵҪǵ粻֮ȥԸ𣿡
ǿʳǿȨ˵ô˵Զ֧
֧²£ô²±Ӯ

䳡ΧԭֻǾ£ǺΧۣѸٵķֻɣҵִ˳ͻ
ʱ仺ȥʹ÷С
ʦϾҪʼˣʦҪȥս𣿡
ѧһ԰׵Ĵ̷ǰ
ˣ
ӳƬ̣ҡҡͷ
ѾҪĿʥ֮ڣʷϣǵĴܹÿʥ֮ڵϿɣʥڣѾҪκΰˡ
ǣʦ
ӵĻ˷׷׵ͷ

ʹڣ
Ȼûеʱ䣬ԡ£۷
֮ң໤йȻûԵķͺ˶ܸоʥʶӵأԭ۷Ҳ۱͸ֺۡ
Ȼɲ߼˶֪ûл̫ӣҲû˴ӣڹеУഩľ߼
˷ϲ¾ˬһŮ̫ʱ⣬һ΢ЦƽʱȻͬ
£λӮ𣿡
̫վһ߽˫粿λӳſһ߹ӣ̽
ôѵ䣿
ͻȻͣ۵˫֣ʵ
ūҡ
ҸЦţæЦ
Ǻǣܱô˵Ҳܶ˭Զվߡң²˵Ļ´ͬҲ⣬ǣڱ߻δƽҲûһͳ£ʱóӣԷ书Թͬ

ˣ
˵⣬ģֻһ䣬ȴ΢΢һ£һ˿ɫ
Ѿúǰһرܹ书Ժ˱仯࣬ǰųҲһ·ôãǵһ׶˵˼صĻ
˵һѾ¶ĻѾ߱һЩµˡ
ǰȣѾȫһˡ
һǣ־ϲһ̵࣬ǡǡ֮һֱε


1811 ̫ͥ
Ӣ
ҵͷѹеĲæ
壬˵ôˣ߰ɣ챾ϣۿʤ
ȴûô࣬תܿ˳ȥ

̫ΪƵλߵ֮һ̫ͥͬڴװǰ䳡ݿ̰壬һ˿
Ϊˣⳡ֮ĳͻһ£ͥǺͬҲȥⳡ
֮ճ־ãҲǱų֣ҾͥҲûʲôõİ취ڳҰͬģⳡôֹ۶ˡ
үүⳡȥ²¹ģ𣿡
ͥʱͻȻһӵڴСƺΨִŭͥ
ͥ˫ֶʱȻֹǺܿ죬һ˿΢Цǵ
ǲϲ²𣿡
͵͵һʮСü䣬üĿ续üΪƯȻףѾ¶һߵӡͥĳѬպͽ̻£Ůֹ֮伫Ϊ壬йɴҷ緶
̫ͥ۰СŮŵɭϣҽ̺ϣͥĶӶϱͥǰҲǴҳʳ͢е顣
ǣֻھʦ֮У˶˵ǴƵӢۣ˵кܶ˶ǳ֧үүӵĵӣһ֧²µİɡ
ͷС
Ȼ֪үүСԼǳ۰Ҳ֪֮ͬСɣѾԶԶ˳ϵκγͻүү֮ǰѾڸϽκڸ̸۴¡
ǺǣүүӵĵӲ٣ʥεسүүô벢ҪҪǱ֤ⳡƽ㹻ˡ
ͥ΢΢һЦ⡣
ԭүү
үүĻ۾һࣺ
үү£Ͳˡ
һ䣬һ̵ˡ
Ů֪뿪֮󲻾ãͥϵЦʧࡣ
ھʦеѾﵽֵز𡭡
ͥд˷ĲԼŮĵȴϲҵ壬ģǾ䡰ھʦ֮У˶˵ǴƵӢۡ
ԼŮӴĶǾеĴٹ壬Ҵ壬ΪŮ˵ⷬȻڴһеѾﵽ˿ɼĵز٣۲֮ȡ
˴ȴǡǡ۹δ
ڶĳݣʦ˶ڹע顣
ԴƲǺ£ƫƫͥλ̫Ҳ޷˵ָĻ֮ңѾкܶϢѾһη֮㣬ڼȵˣͥҲ˵ʲô̵Ļ
ˣһоͿǶ˵컯ˣ
ͥôţܿ뿪˸ۡ

ʹͳϵĶھʦҴУ۵һͬ˵ע⡣
Ƕ֣ʦ̻³Ĵȫۼһ
ˣһһȥү
ү֮ãһҲýˣ
ߣһȥүôսʤ²£

һ䣬һȺ˷׷׳䳡ȥΪȺѣĴվһߵġ
ȷʵи˽ˡ
ڳ̻³ĴҺƺƵ䳡ȥʱطҴͬͬٴ뺣㳯ȥ
һǧ꣬ٹ̣֧˶֧࣬۵ȴҲͬ١
׼𣿡
²еġ´ͬǧδ֮£ΣǶһҪ֧
²²³ç֮ˣξһа취Ը
ߣ

ϵһǰһȺҼͬۼһ
Ӹ֧ͬģȻҲ֧۵ģһȺ˵Ѹٳ䳡ķȥ
ǳͬʱʦκ㣬Ⱥ壬֧Ҳ׷׳䳡ȥ
ŷȺԽԽ࣬ھʦľ¥ģģȲģ³ȭŵġʦгԺյŮ׷׳
ߣȥ
үǴƵĴӢۣһӮģ
˲ͬЩԺյŮһɫĶǳȥġھʦĹӵУʼӵƥеϾ屾ǺһӵܣǴСĶ
ȴɾһĳɳ켣оʦӵܶġ
ӲӵܵصĴӢۣԹĴүб־

Хžʱ̵ٽʦԽԽڣÿ˶ڴţͬʱ΢΢Щšû֪ⳡʲôӣû֪۹δη
ֻ˶֪һ»ʷϵκһȻͬ
ȥ룬Ϊⳡû֪˿θ롣
ʹϣ
ҶƮ䣬ڣ˶ۼһãӥȸҵӡǣ˶ͬһ
׼ɣ
ףûдƽۣǻһ׵ۣĿ㣬ʳףǰȴһһ޶ķɡ
ڣ߳ܿ첽˳ȥ
ſڣһʫ续ӰİɫӰվţŽüĿʵ壬һǣ˫΢죬һ˿Ŀѣɫ
һ࣬²¸
գɢһɵŵ
ӣϾ͵ʱˣ
⣬ϡ񾵡ŮȫӣȺڵ⣬ɫ£ĬĬȴš
ˣ
âһһɫ£٣ɢֻͷһţĴӴ˳ɫ侲Ŀᶨ͸һĪľġ

ûκζĶŲджѸٵĵ²¸⣬һɫ˵Ļ£ꤣƺƵѸ䳡ȥ

˶λˣ֮ô飬Ҳֻռˣ
һ࣬ոҶϴϢѾϡһ£΢΢˵ͷ
ɣ
ǣڣ
ԣСæݹȣһͬʱǰæ
ǼҲһȥɣϸϸļ¼ξѸߣѾز˶ˣδҪˡǸҼţռƹʷ¼ϸѭʷʵ־䣬Ȼ֮ľʸ¼ʷһ²֮ľͬСɣҺҡδ۹ô¾;ˡ
ó


1812 ʼ
ǣڣ
ϸȥԺ飬Ȼʮռ̫ʷңȴҲǴ壬һ·֦ɢҶȴҲ˶
߰ɣҲÿʼˣ
˵仰ܿӵأ䳡ȥ

ʱ仺ȥϵ䳡ɽ˺еĳ͢س壬ͷҴļ弸ڴˡ䳡ΧΧǧ׵ĽͷϣͷܶΧˮйͨеĽȫˡ
¥ܹ䳡ĵطȫˣΧеݶϣҲˡ
ǰ˹ص۹Ĵӣֳ˱֮ؼľء
Ⱥˣʱ˿̣˶ͬһڴⳡʼı
Դƽܹؼı֮һ

һʦһ̣䣬䳡ⱬһ춯صĻ


²£
²£

۵Ļ쳹أÿ˸ź֧ԼϲӢۡ
䳡һ̴󷽣룬Ȼ̫ʦ̫ұָͱ³̫ʦ̫Լָ˽һɫ漴˵ͷ
ʼɣ
һ£һ۹˵ıڿʼˡ
ˣ
䳡࣬˵ĿУһİɫӰ˵ӵ£˳
䣡
ǵſݵӰ䳡Χԭҵգʱٴһ߶ȡ
²£
²£

Ҳ֮ĳͻԼԼ֮ĳͻŵʺھʦӵڶӵرȺ֮൱Ů۴˻
ʦ֣αǧСġ⣬һιϵشʦǧٶˣ
䳡ıԵŮվ۵ԣɫص
ģж
۵˵ͷһ˵ţܿ첽䳡
ĿûΧͣǾֱ˶档
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬˵ĿУȺֿҵǵ˵ӵ£峤ܿ˵ҰС
䣡
ֵһɲؼ䶸ȻһɽѰĻԶԶѹ֮ǰʱơ




䳡ΧԼԶĵطоеӵܣӵܣʦ꣬һЪ˹Ĵޱȡ
֮Һھе죬һ۶ĪڤڤУ嶼ûע⵽ѾΪʦݵżӢۡ
ڵˣ
Χ˵ĺԾ˼֣͸ֽŵζⳡս䲻𣬱Ҳ䲻һʧܣ롣
İɡ
΢΢һЦʱ򣬷ˣ
ҺϢˣ
˦ܿ첽뵽䳡УĳŶȥ
գ
ڣһһĳŶȥĽŲ䳡죬֪ؼһƬžеĿⶼϣ̫࣬ʦָ̫˶ס˺ͬʱ˹
ˣ
໹ֻжʮɵʱĿԣͻȻͣΧţնʱý˲١
ˣ
ԤϣһڵۣĿѩ͸ĳ־ġ
֮Ҳи˽ˣΣҶƻҵļƻΪǵһ֮˽޾ս֮С
Ǻǣ
۵ĻЦ
ʶôս֪ıʣɼ˵ɵĻ𣿡
ҴӲ´ͬ룬һ˵룬һȺ˵룬ҪˣԼ۹𣿡
ХһƬƬҶ֮ƮɢĿȴǱޱȡ
ţۣκε顣
㣬Ϊµս𲻶ϣǿʳҪǰУܾȫȥıһС
һһ֮ԳٳûгɹǡǡΪЩҵç򣬺Ͷ򡣡
ÿһǶÿһʱһɱ¾֮ͽվǰϵֹվǲòʹеˡ
ǰ壬Ŀޱȡ
壬㲻ӮģһҪ׵İ㣬ԼеӴƳ׵İγ
ŵȴǧ꣬һαҪʤ
һ仰¶һ˿˿ɱȻ壬Ѿɱ
۴ƳҰ⣬ûһܹôѹǰλѾŵİʯ
Ǻǣǽ֣ᳫ´ͬȴҪǱһȡֶΣپǰУֺʲô𣿡
ԣЦУǼ
ֻϧ²ŵҲǿܹսʤĶ֡ǿʳ档
ϣΨǿǱɽ𢣬Ψһİ취ĵԼл֮壬´ͬƫ̻壬ȡ֮ƽͨǿȡõģͨԷ󡣡
һҲκε飬ʤһὫ˼ӴƳ׵ĸʱ粻Ҫ˼룬㲻κεʤ㡣

ৣ
һ仰Լˣʱ׷ױɫ־̫ʦ̫Ҳɫ
ĻУ˶оһĪľģʤⳡ»ԶûнƺᶯԼȫѹš
ݣټϾȼ֮»п
壬仰ҲҪһȰ㣡
ʱ۵Ŀһ䣬ͻȻҲ˵ˡ
һҳɹʤԼЩ䣬Ѫս򣬶Ӵɨȥ
һճſݣйʿѪͺ̳ɵģһ´ͬ½ٲ˿֮ء

һɲĿԣĵսޱȡ
̫࣬ʦָ̫³ˣܸоֲֿ֮ա
ⳡлֻһĽ֮䣬Ѿһಫζ

Խŵʱ򣬺ٴ𣬽һϵ쳹䳡
λˣʥʵּӦѾ֪
ʱ̫࣬ͥվ˵ע⡣
һʥǰ׿ڴӦģյĽΣǶϸأ÷ڣ𣿡
䳡ϣûпڣֻͬʱ˵ͷ
ܺãʼ
̫˵ͷܿ£
̫һ䣬ʱ䳡һƬž˵ĿⶼۣϣһʱϵƶʱýȻͬ


1813 ʥ֮ڵ
ڵһ̣
ʯ䣬һԺͷͬһʱ䣬嵤֮𶯣һӴϢѸٴڱ籩ֱء
䣡
˵ĿУҡضԭһƬƽ䳡ʱΪһɿ񱩵ĺ㣬˷ӿ̶Х
䣡
ͬһʱ䣬棬һ̰û˿ԥۼͬʱſ˽ƣһ˵Ϣת˲Ͱ˶⣬ԡ
ۣһжýˣ֮ŭ
ƺƣһ㣬䳡Ͽջ죬ৣû˷Ӧһ죬˲סϵĴɽͬʱѸʧԭء
꣡
һ쳹û˿һǵı仯ֻ֪ʧɲǣǧ׵磬̫֮ҪȻ֮ʧĵطѸٲա

䳡Ͽգ׵ĵط׵绯Ϊһľ޽ЮŻԵĺһգ֮٣·ۼնȥ
û˿һ׹ŷɲǣ˵˼ά·ͣˣʱͿռ䶼·ֻͣҿס
һսûҪ۳ý֡
Ѿ۵һνˣ֮ѾҪκε̽
˵һʼֻһĿģǿսپٶȽⳡ־硣
¡
ʯ䣬ֻһ죬ǿֲһ£ط·Ҫѿˣһ̣׹ʧֻһӰ۰ѩȻºˡ
ۣ
Ȼˡ

ڶݵļž֮ΧһƬߵǣӣҵҲ˲ɫ
ĴɽǶص׵ĴɽӴޱȣ¹ǿﶼסǿֲ
رͻ΢ɽб֮֮ǰӵĿ£ȫʩչӶ󣬵۾Ȼֵ
ôܣ
Ⱥ𾪵Īǣȸˣ¼ۼ۽֣ǸʱۼǱʥҲĶ֡
۾Ȼֵܹȫһ
쿴
ͻȻ䳡ΧһУѸٽ˵Ŀ۵ͷֻͷ֪ʱһʽӣдʱĹŴڡ
Ƕڣʥϣɢһɽ㼫ǿϢֹˣǶΧһȦȦİɫΣɢǰɫĹڵĺȻ֮ԼϵĺȻʥӦ
Ƕڵļӳ£ڵۺ͸ոʵ԰һ𣬺֮ǰȫͬն
ǣʥ֮ڣ
䳡ıԵڼӵܵӵ£ڷܱʼ飬һ˿ļ¼֮ⳡ֮ǰĶԻһǣͷڣʱһеëʶ
Ϊˣ̫ʷңһʷԶκ˶Ҫöࡣ
ңʥ֮ڵԼص㣬ʷйȷ˻֪Ϊ̫ʷȴԴָơ
ôܣ
۾ͷڣ鼤ޱȡ
ʲôʥ֮ڣ
ԱΧ۵ʥ֮ĸ֣׷׾ȺһƬɧ
ʥ֮ڣǿʥ֮ֻţµ˵Ҳӵϵĵλ
Ͼǿǿʥ˴ڰ
һ࣬Ҳ˵ϡ
ʥ֮ڣ
ͷǶʱĹŴڣҲࡣ
֮ϵش۱ض㾡ȫǾû뵽۳˺Ȼʥ֮⣬Ȼ뵽ⶥʥ֮Ը
¬ѧʿǲˡ
аͻȻȸ֮ǰ㱨Ķ
ʥ֮ͬСɣȻ۲μξ̣ûʥ֮ڵ嶼Ҵ⡣
壬˵һξ㲻κεϣ
ʱ۵˶ͷʥ֮ڣɫտտɢһĪѹ
Ųսǲսⶥʥ֮ھԸЩ߱ɱ˺ͺս֮ͽѷ
һ˵ţһǰȥ
޷ԶһӴΪģ˷ȥ
ʦ֣
䳡࣬ŮۣһĹâ
󷽣Ҳ˷ܲѡ
ܹʥ֮·ס߽̣֮ÿʥ֮ڵϿɣһ㣬ۿ¾λʷ֮ܳһ
һܹ壬۾ĵһˡ
ӣ
ӱʤ

һ˼شϵҲ뷢Ա侲
ӵһеÿʥ֮ڵļӳ֣ȫܹĹӻѾڲ֮ء
֮ѾȲʤȯ
ԭˣ˰ɡ
ְ˴ϣɫƽ࣬ĵƣһսҪӮ
ˣ׿ʥ֮ĸֵ壡
۳һɲӹһ˿ĺâ
䣡
һɲǣû˿ףͻȻһָɲǼټ䳡ΧķΧڣԪ粨ת˲ͬܵٻ㣬·ܵĳٻ԰ٴ纣֮ƣѸٻ㼯۵ָ¡һҵĺ塣
ৣ
ʯ䣬һΣԺ֮֮յıܹһ
󣬰һıը䳡ϴƬĵѿƬܡһĻ嶼̲סƤ˲ɫ
֪ʥ֮ڱض嶼û뵽ⶥʥڵ۾ȻֱؼԪ
ԪͨͬõǾûаֱԪ
ʥ֮ڹȻκζֻҪʩչˣһ
а
ⶥʥʦʥŪ֮ǰ岻˿Ĵ⡣
ûõģŪʥ֮ڵô鷳ھ͸㣡
Ŀѩͷīĳ޷Զ׷׷裬һ˫΢ƺѿĿġ
¡
һ̣۹Ķһǿľͷ
ͬһʱ䣬һǿľ񲨶̺ضΪ֮ɫ䣬˲ϢͷĿʥ֮ͬ籩㱬ȫ
ã
ܵͷŷǹ˲ɫ䡣
Ϊˣľͱͬȼǿǿö࣬ر޵ľ֮ڵľ΢ǿߵ屶ϡ
ڱȴ嶼Ҫֲﵽʮʮʮ΢ǿߵĵز
ǻǰҲҪȻʧɫ


1814 ʥ־
ⲢڿʥʦԼŰʥڶӳ
ˣ
ֻգۼ䣬϶Ϊһѹϡһɲһػ
壬аɣ
䳡Ͽ𵴣¡ʯ䣬ͷϷغһ޴ĸߵȼռ˲򿪡
ߵȼռ䣬΢ռȻͬռ򿪵ɲǣؼʱʥжֺ͹žߵвϸֲ֣ʧ
ͬһʱ䣬Ǵߵȼռһɹɫûʡƴ󣬳յ浹£罭һӿ۵塣
ϣ
ʯ䣬ֻһһ˲γϵĺȻʥ
һһֺƴĽŷͬͷߵȼռеİһͬ弲նȥ
һ˵⣬ҲԽ˼άէһŷ˲ʹԽգ䵽ͷ
һʮɳİɫۣ
ʥ֮Ҳŵǿ֮˿ʥ֮ںͺȻʥʥһ̵Ѿһǿ֮С
䣡
ͫһһɲǺ΢ӿɽ֮С
ǿһûѡˣǼȫǿжԿ
¡ཻһɿֲľм䱬ϯķ۽˿ʥ֮ڵһȻʥɲǣ屻ǹĪܵʮɡ
ү
ӣ

䳡࣬ҵ˶ʱɾһ׷ױɫ
һӴòţֳʥÿһӵǧʷĹϷ˸ôãǵһοͬ˿塣
ŵĿʥ̫֮ǿȥүֵסֹˣǿûз֣۵ľڱүҪǿ󣬽ⶥʥ֮ڣڲֻѹүҾҲү˺ܴӰ졣
ãֳˣ

˵䳡û˿ԥһ˲ʧٴһն˹ȥ
¡һն䣬䳡һɵѺۣһ岢ûкӲƴƾնݣ֮յıܹһ
ûõģ壬ⶥʥ֮ŵһʥǿʥʦĹñʥԣ˲Բ¹ڣǱɱӯҰ壬ɱ֮أɱ¾֮ԶԶκʱκδ󽫡
ʱųƴ󽫾Գƽһսɱʮ򣬺ΪɱϾɱ¾ʮ˹ظԭɢߣ޹Լɺ֮ս׷𱱣նɱ򡣰ȶҪȻʧɫ
ɱ˴ħⶥʥ֮ڣЩѪս֮ͽġ
۵죬䳡ϻص
ܹ۴ݲȣż
Ҿ֮ⳡս
۵ĮӴ쳹˷
䣡
䣬֮УӰãһɰĺȻͷĿʥ֮г
ͬһʱ䣬ΧУһӵӰͻȻ֣һʥվϢƴϣֱûʡ
Ӱļӳ£۵Ϣʱһء
䣡
һĻΧеȫվһ鼤ޱȣʢȴ巨ĩԴ֮ӾʹʧҲûгֹʥˡ
ӡȻҲųơӡȴƣ͡ӡġӡвٵĲࡣ
ƾܹٻӵӰ֮ˡ
̫˼ˣ۽ɵļӳ֣ΪѾŵĵزھӼӳ֣ⳡҪսʤˡ
ʥֳ֮񼣶ڳ˵Ҳһĳ𺳡
Ȼеı仯Զֹˣſʥ֮ڵϱʩչҼ۷壬ؼ䣬͵жڶЩŵġʥȴֺ͵伮Щ̫һ
˵ĿУΧʥУһͻȻѪ⣬ֳһͼսɱͼ
һĻ˷ȺʱһƬȻ
ʥ־ӵ־еĵԶƽϢеսȡ¼̫ƽ壬˫մѪעʥܴʥ͵ʥðɣ
ؼƺƣɫĺȻ̺أ۵γ׵ûֻǱؼ졣
ŨҵĺȻУ˭Ҳûп۰ѩɫȻָһ㣬˲ָ壬˿ʥ֮ǿ
¡
ʯ䣬䳡ϿһɲǼһ̫֮ҪҵĺȻΪһĹҵ˲˵ϵ壬ȻҲȫ޷ܹ
ֹˣϸȥͻ֣ᷢǵ޴ĺȻУȻϸС֣ʥͣʷӼЩ˵ĻǾȫΪǧϸС֣貵Ĺ֮Уٲк£һͬ뵽ڡ
Щʥ͵֣էһڣӿ֫ٺо
ˣ
ǧһ֮ʣоΣգеľȫסԺķΡ
ľʵʣΪһӲĻ֣Դȵ֮
ķӦѾܿˣֻϧصȣȻһ꣬ѣʵʵĻ徫˲䱻һǿ飬ͬһʱ䣬һ£Ϣң𶯡
ԭ΢£Ѹӡ
ã
һɫ䣬ʱԿѾˡӵڼӶԿӣ
û˿ԥѸٵ΢ȫԿǹ
ʱһɼΣյĸод
һݣʯ䣬룬Ѹټնݣһ˸Ѹٳʮĵط
¡ԭվĵطһ̫֮ҪɫֺƵһֿٵ֮ƣݺݵնԭվĵط
ϧˣ
䳡ԵŮˣ״ɰ
ʵ̫ƻˣÿιҪǱԺ֮
Ӳˣʥ֮ڵʱ䣬ԼĵֿԽԽǿ󣬶ǳʼαʥ֮ŶԸЩֶΣܵӡԶ޷ת
ɱôأϰ˵ɥУʥ֮ڶĿֻ֮ȴʷıͳ˧ӵһսӱʤɣ
䳡ԵһۣͻȻˣĳ裬Ŀտտ͸һǿġ


1815 䣬ʥ
ⳡʼ֮ǰֻһ£޷ÿʥ֮ڵϿɣ޷ɹȡŵʥϾ۵ʵĶ֡
ڣűʤɣ
䳡ϣĿİ׹ȫϵϢԽԽǿ󣬶ϵϢôƬ̵ʱ䣬Ȼٴεһ㡣
˵ûʥ֮ڵʱĹȥɱӣϵԽֻԼԽ
䣡
ҡضשʯɣ۵ĺȻʥֺƵһһ˺գϵն
һһεıԴն㿪Ǳ壬۸ż֮ĿڲϼǿϵԽãֻԽҲԽʧȥʱ
Ҫǣ۵㣬Ƭʵͻ΢ʱǳ׽ⳡʱ
壬Ϊʲô˵Ϊܹһֱȥ𣿡
ۺƴޱȣؼص
¡˵ʱ򣬿ʥ֮ڹâ貣һǿľ̺ݺݵײԺС
ͬһʱ䣬һ˺ѣһҫ۵İɫٴλ塣
ľǿȣһҲػһĻ¶һ˿Цݡ
ʥ֮ڱԸЩа֮ģ壬һսˣ
ˣ
屻ʥ֮ǣʱ򣬾۶ûע⵽ɫȻУа֣һ𣬵ʯ䣬ԺжȻһͷ
䣡
۳ȻʥһնɲǣԭһֱܵͻȻ˫һϣǧһ֮ʻȻסһ

һĻ䳡Χ˶վ˭Ҳû뵽һξȻǿн۵Ĺһ̶¶˾ȵɫ
ڵǿнһ֮١
ˣһս㻹ԶûӮҪ㲻ÿʥ֮Ըң
嶸̧ͷһɲĿͬһ㡣
һԴۼʥ֮ڣͼܣƱܶսʵϣһֱַͨʽ۲ʥ֮ڵԼзʽ
κζҲһжԸķʥ֮Ҳ⡣
Ѿɹҵ
¡
ԭһֱѹ̮Լľֿʥ֮ڰľѹ͹𾪵ĿУйâһ˲ſɵֿΪܣǰľԼԺС
ǡ
һɲǣ˵ۣΧ̨ϵࡢ³̫˶סˡر֮࣬ϵܣҲᶨ֧ߡ
ʥ֮ڶԱұмĿãſɿʥ֮ڰľԺ֮Уֱȡ
ӵʲôѵƾһ֮Կʥ֮ڣֱ޲ɼ䶨ˣ
һ࣬ϵվ䳡ıԵһƬãʹ㵣Ǻܿ췴Ӧӹһ˿ĺâʲôʥ֮ڶԵֵġ
ֻŪɳ׾
¡
һǣʱ䶼·ֹͣҲĶʱ˿̣ɲǣʥ֮Ǻƴ־Ͱľӿ룬˲ʶÿһ֮С
ڿʥʦʹӵ־ǰչ˫ۣû˿ı̹̹صͬٲϴˢÿ䡣
֮ǰͬ彫Լеļ䣬֮ңɺ֮ս˹֮ս֮սЩĶͳͳչ¶˳
Ӳܻ䣬ҲӲأ޾ʬɽѪԼεܣɽľݣǲҾ徣ʬĩƽ٣Լ֮ĺͲ֮Ըȫչ¶ڿʥ֮ڵǰ
ʥӣǷǼа֮ͽþɣ
ͷа
һ࣬ȴ֪еͷ
̶ֻʱ䣬Ԥϣڿʥ֮ڵ£Ϣ籩һգ۵ʱ䶼͵΢ʥ侳˲併˻侳£еһж˲ɣޱȡ
ˣ
ɫ䣬һ˿ĹâϣָһգɲǼ䣬һһȻһŷŶѸնȥ
ȻڵѾʧȥ˺Ǳ֮ͬСɣŵĴҵǲʧʤ֮ǰԼκʹ

һĻ˷һƬ䳡ΧԶԶɽ˺ľʦҲ׷۾¶֣صɫ
Ȼˣ֮ǰ˭û뵽ģ
Ȼ˵ʱʱ죬˶Ϊ䶨˵ʱȫ벻鷢ˡ
¡
ҡضһǣʱ·ָȫʥ֮ѹƵ˼㣬һɲǣͺҰ㣬һȫµӴ糱ˮϱ
ܣ
ܵϵı仯ۻǲŵɫ
ʵѾ䵽侳֮£һɲȴٱǣӻ侳ʥ侳ʥ۷壬һ·Ѹٱǵ΢
ֹˣʵԭ۵ιĥ٣һɲǣָԭľˮƽе˿˿ƣ֮ǰӵľ֮սǰҪǿ󣬾ͺЩӿڵһ㡣
ô飡
һɲǣ۸ܵһǰδе𺳣ǰһѾȫ֪
ʥ֮ǴʥӵĹñɱӯҰıмĿã˺õģתû˵ʥ֮ѹ֮󣬻ָܻʵһ¥ġ
ŵʷУҲûм¼飡
Ȼ𺳵Ļںͷ
¡
۱ĺȻͷɵʱû˿ףǻֺĽ粣˲飬ͷһɫĽ
Уһʥ˵ֹżֳٻѨϷҾŷȻֳһʥˡ
ʥ£ĿģеһλϵϢûׯأ¶һϵϢȷʵϹŵɣ

һĻ˷һƬ۾ֱԼ۾
ʥͷôӣ
ܣȻǽңȴͳһǴıˣôܻӵϿɣ
һ˲ǱˣɱӯҰѪȣôܻϿ

е塢壬Լϡ˶¶˼𾪵ɫϵѾȫûа취óȥͣ伮жѰҲ
꣡
ͻȻͷķڶѣͷɢǶʥ֮ڶȻ𣬾˵ĿУȻȥͷģʥ˻Ӧ


1816 ֮ˣ
ˣ
ֻһǣǶʥ֮ڱͷŷϢڶΪһ
䣡
ͬɽХ㣬ʥ֮µɲǣһɰĺȻͷͷԭģʥҲһʵ
ӵòѸٱòһƳ´£üĿؼ䣬䣬һɱ˵Ϣ
ʥ֮ΧֳӹݵΡ
ӣÿһǴѧʼңʦʥͣǳԽȨӵ޿ƥеӰʱǴ򣬲Ǵ󽫻ǰҪͷֻȨӣȴعˡ
ôӹģֻһˣ
ʥʥʦ
ܣ
һŭ쳹㳡۷˿ɢңĿѪ죬ǲš
һǣͻƵ쾳ܵ𾪡
ͷֵĿǿʥʦϵĵһʥ˰
ôû뵽ȻܹÿʥʦϿɣôܻ飿
һҽ죬һɱӯҰʬ֣˶㣡
ѵҲܻӵϿɣһǿʥʦ
۸оܵǰδеĳ𺳡
ܣ
ܣ
ܣ

һǣ۾д˷һŭ
Ϊ˻ÿʥ֮ڣʷϲ֪ΪҷҲǾص裬˼߽̣֮ͨ˾ţ֮Ż˴ӵϿɡ
ûо߽̣֮ȻߵĿʥʦϿɣʷ϶ûгֹʱڵġӡû
ôܣ
䣡
ͬʱԶɵͷĿʥ֮ԼʥӰ䳡Χɽ˺Ⱥͬʱһŵľ˶𺳵ˡ
ȻʥϿɣҲ̫˼ˣ
Ĵӿ̨վɫĲš
ʥˣȻǿʥˣ˿ʥ˵Ͽɣ
˷ԽԽվͷɫ𺳡ھʦôãҲûм
𶯵ģϡŮͳˣһķĿɿڴ壬˵
ʱ˿̣ʹ䳡Զĵطûжע⵽Ӱվһ߸ߵİܯϣӸ£ԶԶĸ
˼飡Ӧòˣǡǡ෴Ǻųͻҵıͳ˧û뵽ȻԻʥʦĳϣ¼ֱŽδţǰδУ
߹һ£ǱͻȻڵ
ûʲô˼ģ㲻ˣҲһԻÿʥ֮ڵϿɣ
߹ǰʥʴһɫֶۣԶ䳡ЦЦ
ⳡ֮վȻûֳ䳡ڵб仯һ˿һϹһ㣬ǰ

߹ͺһ¼ֱǰδţ¾Ŷһ
£ūޱָ֪ܷһ
߹˵ţͷʥһ
Ǻǡ
ʥԣֻǵȻһЦ£ʥǰ˵ȴƫƫʥʲģҲֻиʥʮĸʿ߹ˡ
˶֪߹Ѿһܹ̫࣬ʥʵӰӡ
Ҫÿʥ֮ڵϿɣҪôˣҪôػ̹д֮ˡ
ǰ߱ض䣬ܹͨʡ塢ǡšТ㩵Ŀ顣еΪΪ£û˽ģܹͨʡ塢ǡšТֿмˣ
ߣѶȱǰ߻Ҫö࣡
ʥʵ
֮ģ
߹ɫʶʥʣһΣʥȴûн͡
һ˫Ŀת͸ؿռ䣬䳡ĳӰϣ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ

ʱ˿̣䳡ϡ
û˿ԥڻÿʥ֮Ͽɵɲǣֻ̧һƣ¡ǵأ˵Уֻһһֻ̣һҽУ۱һƺݺķɡ
û˿ʥ֮ڵļӳ֣ʵĶ֡
ӣ
䳡Եһɫ䣬񾵡ͰŮɫţ̲סҪԾ䳡У۶Ը塣
ס֣
ʱϵԱߴֱۣɫֹ࣬ˣ
һⳡʥʵּ⣬ڻлᣬԾ䳡У͵ڹˣ
ϣҲˣܵģСӲˣôܻÿʥ֮ڵϿɣһʩչʲôı
ȭͷҧгݵ
ڻȷʲôʥ֮أʥͼӳ֣ѵΪʥ֮Ҳ𣿡

һסˣ仰˵ӵݵλⷬѾ൱ˣӶţ¼仹ʲô˿Ρ
䳡ϣХһƻ֮䳡ΧһƬţʦ·һ̱þĵġ
ⳡķתıκԤĶҪĶࡣ
ۣһΪԸ뵽˿ʥ֮ڣ;ñضԿһΪ˫Ѫȣ¾һΪԸΪŵԸ۹Ѿܵ˾޴Ĵˡ
Хһ׳ۣɫŶȥ
ܣܣܵģܵģΣҶ㣬žܰܣ
۴ӵڵأͷ­ʹͣĲ·ܵĴ̼
壬֮ⳡûн
ৣ
һ죬öϸ緢ͻȻС
ʦ֣
˻ûзӦԶİŮȴɫһ䣬ϵеЩҵ룬ʦʱ۵ġ
ڸмΣգЩͷǿʱ̼ԼǱġ
ַмĺ֢ἫŮҲû뵽ʦΪ˶Ը壬Ȼϧʩչַ
ۣ
һȫҪѨȫϢ̶ֻʱڣһ뵣ȫ֡
ɫ䣬ֻĬĬؿһĻûаֹ˼
ֻǴѣһҾķڷ
嵭
䣡
ʯ䣬ϣֻɢҵͷȻһ˦漴һֺĽɣ۵ϱ
һ֮֮ǰκһҪӴ󣬽գ;֣һַ·һ㣬


1817 
ûõģ
ƴޱȣ䳡Ͽջ죬һָ̣һգѸסϵĴɽ
˵ĿУȰѸٴԭʧͬһʱ䣬̫ҪĽб
׳磡
ٴη˴ɽǿһ˲۵Ĺͬʱգһնۡ
һΪ˺ѵĴģ
¡
һ庬߶֮ǰҪӴֻһͺ俪۵Ļݺݵɳȥ
¡¡ֻȫƣ޴£·ʯҽصףȻڿ䳡ϣϳʮɳľ޴Ѻۡ
䳡̳ʯ׷ɣ۱ҷɵĵط˰߲Ѫ
ʦ֣
ӣ

˷һ󾪺ЩսжĽġ
Ȼ䳡ϣȴδţâһڿһۣѸڵϡ
һ̵ɫޱȣۣĴԼ裬ҲھеżóôıΪۺ˺˴۵ġ
ź۳ǰ֮ս˹֮սȻżЩȴһġչȥ´ΣգֻҪۣһģƣȻϣ
Ȼۺŵĳȴ߽һУǿ֮ǳ޴Σ֮ǰֻҪģ䱸ϵǿ죬Щ߽ٵʱ򣬴Ʊӵкһϳ̣ǻϣ
ڣսǿٳΪѡľӱĿֻ꣬кƽ棬ڶڻ֮УԷ书
Ǻǣ
̳УҡҡλΣվϰ߰ߵ㣬Ѫһ˫ִţᶨĶ壬û˿η塣
壬㣬ɱôˣľͲеʹ尾ÿ˯ŵʱͲЩʬɽѪ𣿡
һɲǣؼžڤڤУ˶̨վŵ඼ʶ
һ˲䣬ѻȸš
Ҳᣡ
ڳǧ˵ĿУҡҡͷɫû˿ԥ˿Ĳ
ɱ¾壬ҵ˫ֺͳκεĲֻҪΪػƣػƬϵԶڣ
һɲǣޱȣ䳡Ͽջ죬˷˶ű䳡ǵӰ˵
ʦİյһַʽ˵Լ
һ̣û˿ڣ˿ųǸӰһȻ𾴡
Ҳɫ΢㵣ܿҡҡͷ
壬ֻùƻ˿ʥ֮ڵĳϣ˵ʲôԶͬģ
ɫᶨ
ߣҸ뷨ϲͬ˵ҲҪֻҪӮ㣬žͳ׵Ľˣһⳡ־磬Ҳþʹսˣ
ɫ
̤䳡һͲӮʲôͬģֻгǽһеշ
꣡
ָһǱɽ𣬶׼˶ۡ
쵰
һ̣ҧҲսеĺȻʥ
䣡
ʯ䣬âһۼͬʱʧһ춯صĺ˳Ľҵײһ
һɲǣؼ·ҵ̫صײһƥϯķ޴䳡ѿֻǾƴȫڻ˿ʥ֮ڵǰȴǵ֡
䣬һգ۵ʱ䶼۱ֵסٴδӿصرѣĵطѣҳһ޴ĿӶ̳뵲ɢ
ӶУɫ԰ףѪ˳Ϣ粨ӭ彣Ĵ۾ܵ˾޴Ĵˡ
飬Ȼû˿ԥ۸ûڵƣڱɲǣۺݺҧһﲻٴγȻʥӵ˼ޣڵľϱѣѾȫˡ
翹
ǿĵֿûκ֣۲Ÿոճһ룬תۼ䣬һƴĽɳĽɽӿٴ
һΣƸأĵطѵĵһƬѪ
ΣҶԲ䣡
۽ҧݣû˿ԥ˲εضͬʱһݺն˹ȥ
Χ˿һĻҡͷȻսûнۻڵֿ˶֪Ѿˡ
һ࣬û˿⣬׹һ۱һѹ£ٴκݺݵڵϡ
ɣѾûսˣⳡѾ
̤գӸ£ŵۣ
û䣬Ҿ䣡
ɫǺ죬ͷŰе壬û˿⡣
ûõģ
ƺƣ䳡
һΣҾķڷ
ˣ
˵ĿУеĴɽ߾٣ش߿һ̣˼鷢ˡ
䣡
𺳵ĿУͷĿʥ֮ͻȻһǿϢͬһʱ䣬һɱ̫֮ҪĿĺȻеĴɽбŷء
ⲻܣ
ϱĴȻ֮ǰһֱֵۣɫ˲ò԰ֽ
УΧȺ󣬶һĻ𺳵ˡ
岻˿ʥ֮ڵϿɣȻԱ˴ĺȻֱ˼顣
һǣϣ˶ɫһϣ𺧵˵
ÿʥ֮ڵϿɣʥ֮ڵ˺ܹ˴ĺȻۣͲıƼֿԽ͵ˡ
ѵĻ˿ʥʦϿɣ
һκˡ
ܹʩչ˴ĺȻ˵־˿ʥʦĳϣ¾˫Ѫȣôܣ
θ룬䳡룬ڳһȻ֮û˿ԥȻһӣһֺĽƽɽԶԶҷɳȥ
ۣ
ؾ޴ĳ£촽͵һѪ
ܵģôܻ飬һģҲģ䣡
̳У۴̳弱Ĳǧ룬ʦ׻׻̻壬ԼСʮļ֣ҪһϦ֮䳹׷ôõ
壬Ҿģҵ£Ҳһ̳ߣһ죬´ͬκ˶ı䲻˵ģҲһ
ۻȾѪ˫ֳڵ棬ҪٴվһΣȴʧˡѨЧѾȥϣѾȫѹ


1818 
һսѾʧˣǶ˵еȴԶ䣡
ظƾǱظ˼
۵Ļһ˿ŭɫѾֵزۻûзԺһα֮۹ҪܹٴδݲУҪٴ˺ѣܻصȷĹ
꣡
û˿ôģֻǰâһѾǰָſǯһ㣬οס۵Ĳӣ˫أӵ
ʦ֣
ӣ
壬֣

ΧһƬȫ¶˾ŵɫ
䳡룬ɫᶨܸ壬ŲӣУҲû˿
ʱ˿̣ŵʱ򡪡

һͻȻӻʹ֮ǰκһȻͬͻȻޱȣ͸һɽζ
ˣ
Ŀ̨ϣ̫ͥɫһվĻʹ
ʹ֮Ӳʹãһɽ֮ӣްʱŻ𡣶֪ʹһ֮ӡ
ɽ֮Ӹһ죬ʦΧ˶õֻгּΪش飬ʮ𼱵ʱŻ죬ͬʱҲʥټȺ
ʥʵǻǵһ֮ӣ
ͬʱ̫ʦղף³׷վ
ҲһľɣڴĺƽǱǿ׳ʱ򣬵׷ʲô飬ʹø֮ӣ

Χľʦնоʱһ󼱴ٵͻȻԶһڽսȺдٿ
ӣ̫̫ʦˣոյϢʳ۹﷢ķոʽԴսټ˴ʳΧʮҵıųٰʮڳŴƶʧأ˹Ҳռ죬ʳ͵͵ɳȷαװɴʳ̣ҹϮȫûѾʳУ
һѸٳ䳡С
䣡
һʯǧˣĻ䳡һƬϢΧɽ˺ľʦոһƬɧ𶯲ѡ
ôʳ۹Ѿ𣿡
ٰʮӣʳôôĴôӴʲôǶԿ
ȫûôܣҲţҾţ

ΧȺһƬҡ
̫ͻȻˣ

˵ʱʱ죬ʱһƿ䳡ഫʶ̧ͷֻһֻɫצСɵŸ볯Լ
ŸֻźŵĽɫԲһݣʶɿۣͬʱֻŸС
ŷ⣬ֻǿһۣһĶʱȥ
䳡һӱš
ܣѾʹʳ۹ǩ˺ƽЭ飬ʳ۹þʮķӺ͹ŵĵӣʳôܶԴսһŪˣ
ԲǴʳ
Ҿţ
ʱ˿̣𶯵ĪΪˡǱܵģ۵ĵһӦǼϢ֮Уʳ֧֣ԼʳĹ﷢ķԷԴƼΪѺãҲͬġ´ͬ
ʳôܻṥƣ
ܣʳ˶Ѿˣʱ㻹˵ܣ
۵Ļ޺ޣɫ࣬͵һƽǷȱڴǷ⼱˦ǰ
ɵĺ£Ҫȱ±壬Ѿʧأ
ɫߺ޲ѣһúõĴþ棬һƻˡ
ǣڻפңԶĺɺӺɺ뾡У⽫ǴϣҲΪṩһƬϢأȻȫһ
ܵģʳ˲ܱ壡ҪԸƣôﴴѧãҾ塭
ۻڼ棬ԸŴʳᱳѴơ
´ͬʦʵģΪߵһŸѪʦʦҲΪ˶˴ʱ䣬һȥһѵ˵ǣǽţҽ壬Ҳȷȷʵʵˡ
˾ǩƽЭ飬ۿŵռҪʵˣȴ˵ʳ˽ƣҹܹܣ
һŪˣţ

˵ʱʱ죬һֻŸնʱԽĽţֻһֻֻ̣ŸڰһۣͻȻ䳡İŮˡ
ৣ
ŷ⣬ֻǿһۣŮģվվȣҲɫ԰ޱȡǽ԰ɫӰŮùż㣬䳡ȥ
䣬űҪ͸ġ
ӣˣ
˲ԣѸٽеż˹ȥ
ʦ崫ϢڴʳѧѾķȫ⣬е˵ӡȫʳնɱʦҲ׶༪١
˵һ䣬Ŀ촽ڲ
ʳǾԶĹȣҲ֮У֧ţѧĹȣҲŵѺõĵ͡
֮Уķ۵ĹϵõģΪרŲţûҵѧôʳѧϰ
ͬģΪ´ͬĵͣҲʳǲ˴ĵӣϾλ壬λǧ
Щȴʳȫնɱˣ
䣡
Ļһ£ݺݵĺͷ
ôܣ
ǱܵģһеţֽһпҵģڼΣաд֣һɲǣػҪͣˡ
ⲻܣ
һɲǣԺƺǧڻ졣
˫۴԰ɫҡΣһڶô£±ȡʥ֮ڣ±һһεڳ۶ûз
۱ô裬һֱڼ֣һǣŵɲǣ۵е·ͻȻ֮䱻ʲô׵ĳˡվվȡ
һ۵ԺƺʲôȻˡ
ʳʦ塭ʦ
ֻ˵֣ͻȻˡ
ţ۵ĵһӦǲܣǱ˹ðģϣеӡǲм٣ĩҳϣʦĶżǺҲм١
ʳƣɱдƾڵʦһжġ
һɲǣĳһֱֵͻȻȻ


1819 Σںޣ
ôᡭôᡭΪʲô
˫ֳŵأֹסһ̣İˣǰܸ壬ǰܸʵһ֪ǧ룬ǰͺ̣ʵֵġ´ͬѾʧˡ
ۣĴˡΧЩޱȵİգ㹼ˣ
ʱͷӸ£ŵʧǵۣһûȥ֮ۡ۹ĳ裡
ûʱƽϣۣͺú÷ʡɣⳡսʲôأŰѴ̣
޺޵仰һ˦ҵ˺ܿ뿪ˡ
սѾΪ죬׼ʱǰߣۣѾˡ

󷽣Ļ·ʧȥеһ̱Ҳ˲ʧȥ˹â
ӣ
ɫһæǰסۡȴδ
ҴĴ𡭡
ȥıӰһǣͷԺл죬ʯ䣬뵽ࡣ
ڤڤУ˵Ļ󣬺ս主սΣڱ֮УһδεĴԼʣھ޸޽ЩݣһŭǰҰİǧ²һδͨ˫ۣԼִֻ䣬вϵĸ֣ʱ䣬һ־޴θСȼա
һͻȻˣĴģ
Ǹڲ꣬ԭȻѿ͸һУ
󷽣ıӰۺһʧǣþ˵

¡¡
ս¡¡ƾʦһƬڵʱͬʱĿӹؿռ䣬䵽磬ʱ˿̣ӴʳңԶĵ۹͸һֱ룬ҶһҡضƵĴʳ飬ãã纣ͬŲ֪ܶܶӲϵһ·ķ
ϣ
ս˻ڶ·ϣһʳӵﳤȫףеĳ޳ݣڿͬ߰žһصĳһյĴʳϣ޴͸׶룬յĴʳʹĲ
ջصʱʳӲ϶һı޺ۡ
㣬㣡ҿ㣡оڣ˶
ﳤޱȣһ˫ɭ絶ƽ㣬ϳǧܼ֣ǰӿȥĴʳϡЩ棬е۹ʡľʳʱ٣ɳѵһͷͷؼףž޴ӵĽվˣǾ޴Ľÿһ£ǿ𶯡
𣡡
ڽվ˵ǰһɫ֮ͨʳ˻ӴȦĴʳһͷͷ˾׸ߣ׵ľǰȥЩޱ֮˹֮ǵľҪС࣬ǲžȦͱϵĴʳޱĬѵǰھӵĻ£Ⱥգ͵غеȺţ򡭡ȫԴԴϣҹԼյĳңԶĴ룬Լȥ
žžž
ӵĳ첻ڶľ֮Уලﳤ
㣬Ϊ۹޾ٹ⣡
ӣԺԼǵΪܹ۹ΰԺ
̤ƽЩͽ½罫ڹ﷢ͳ֮£ҲܹƾǵŬȡǵū֮
ܹΪ۹ͳһ磬սΪսʿߵʹҲٵΰ
εͳ˧ǵ۹Ĵ棬ʥڹ̫ףΪǵսųȴˣｫԶ˳ЦֻǰսŻᱻ۹ԶУսʿ

һ߳ڶ޺ͳı޲£һʳĿտտƲɵѸٵĳŶȥ
Ŀ಻罭һĴƿһ·ϣһһƬĴָǴСĺɫë£ϷһֻĴʳѸٵķӶһ
ϣ԰ټƵ裬ϵĴӹÿʱỵ̈ڲͣĴϢ
ڵȵһˣ
ڶжΣһӰһƥߴģīĴʳĿϵǰ
˹֣
ǿĶܶһ̤·̡
˹֮սǰ˹һ֮İܼҲܣΪʧܣЩľ˳ƻӾռ֮ռ˺ɺµ۹ǰδеʧ˰Ĵ
ǰ˹һӵĳ裬ϴ̵裬ڵ۹ĳϣΪʧܵܶ޷ѣЦһҰĲĵ۹ͳ˧˵Խܡ
һζڵ۹ڲȻ˷ð˹ֻ֣ǴʥѡפشжΣලĽ
չ̫׵˵˹ȻǶ˽ܶɻһλᣬҲһλᡣ
ǿĶ磬С壬һΣһǻܣյһΣҽˣ
˹ŶգԶĻỤ̃Ŀᶨޱȡ
¡¡
Ŀ󷽣ڴĺΣս¡¡
һͷ޴ģʮ׸ߵξޱϣһɫľ޴ԲӪʣþ޴װʣʥҫޱȣͬһ㡣

һֻʳɫԲӪ֮Уܿ챻һֻǿż׵ס
ʥڣǰ˹ǰ߷ϢͳȷѾɹ͵Ϯɵ򶼻ǰ˹˹£ɱ˶Էͳ˧ʣһܡΪҹǰ˹ûȥ׷
⣬մʥڵ˼˹ҲѾɹ£ֻ˵ĳЩǹƳǳ֮ʧ
ĿǰǵѾȫ˹ǰڴݡѾȫ˵Уرء
ǰ˹Ǳ߻˵ǻֻ˹غͻʺͼǰ˹ǱѾӣһлҪȴʥڵĽһ
ӪһϢΣͬ籩ϴźɫףŽɫʥƵĴʳ佫Ƿż㣬ϹϾ
ɫʥƣǴʥڹ̫׵ױ־̫£ֻɫʥƵǿսûһ֮УʳĴ档
ֱڣвٵܶܶմʥڵ֧ӣһ֧֧ãʳ۹ʥڹ̫׵֧ǹϵģ۹ǿľá
޴ӪһƬžʳ佫Ķ棬ʥڹ̫һ׳ۺԱߵĴ˾һһףμγԱȡ
㹻ˣפ򣬵ȴǵĴ˹˺ͻ˲ţ֮ǰʱ򣬵۹£ǺܶΣȴѡסǣȵƣ˳ƽһ򾡣׵磡
̫׵Ŀ⿴һôʳдɵľ飬


1820 ΣʳϮ
һβǵĸ𣬹̫Ҳû׼Ƶ۹󳷾أٻϼʱ˹ص۹ͻʵ۹
ʳ㳲Ŀľǳ磬յͳһ
⣬Ǹж𣿡
̫׿ڵ
Թ̫뿪ºնһ۹õϢܶܶԼʳڶ۹ļ̽鱨磬ȫ˹̫׵Уʳ۹һǺʣ̫׾ġ
شˣǵõϢĴͳ˧Ѿãû⣬ܿͻټӣ򡣡
ռϢ֮ǰŲóӶԴ˺ܴˣõľӲᳬʮ򣬼پҲҪʱ䡣
ҴƵ۹ĶǸ򣬱Ǵʳ͸ͨﻹҪңԶԤƴƴټҲҪʮ죡
ʳ佫
ⳡж֮ǰʳ̽Ӿʱʱ̿ռƵ鱨Ѿȷ˶ʮ֡
̩ľǵĴȫϵҪã
̫׼еľ飬ͷҲֻ̧һȴʵһʳ佫
ǰڵϵҪʮңΪкܶأкܶͶʯжľޣȫϵҪʮһҡ
ʳ佫Աߣ̩ľĽ죬
ǰڴһ·ĻӦÿԳŶͽĴûмᣬ˳ƹֱǵ¤ǰƵƵ۹
ˣټɣ
̧̫ͷĿ뿪Ǳ飬һɲĿɭޱȣ
һƺʱãǼȻǽǳ׻ܣһ򾡣
ǣ
Ӫԣ׷׵ϥ£Ӧǡ
һԣ˾ûں֮Уһ˭Ҳ֪ʲô

ս¡¡ԴԴϵĴʳӸʱ磬նһƬɱ
˹ظԭϣŸţеϢ˹ķ
ʱ˿̣֮УһƬš
ⳡսǷڴʳʹ֮䣬Ϊսĵ۹֮һ˹ҲطѶ
࣬δʳ۹Ĳ𣿡
е˹佫ۼһãڽǰž¡ϵĴ󽫾Ƽž̲סڵ
˹ص۹֮Уĸԭǿڵľ񼸺ʧòһаؼĽɫ
ʮĴ³ɥڴС
쿴һδʳ㳲ʦٰʮĴƺƵ춯أǶԸѵĻᡣ
ǳԤϣһҪԸ˵ĵ꣬ʱдʳΣζԸƵľѻᡣ
˵ʵжԴ꼫Ϊ𾴣һ̣Ҳ⡣
Ƕô𣿡
Ϸɫƽһ˫ǵĿ⣬ɨ·Ŀɨڽһﲻ׷׵ͷе뷨ѾԶ
Ҫ˹ؽʿԲ
꿴һĻֻҡҡͷһԤϵɫ
Ƕ̫ˣ
һƵᣬڽҪսȴ˿Ϊ
ڴƵļƻѾʧܣ̫׳ǿ̣ڴƵӰͳ߽⣬ɢѾû˿ѹƵǸˡôཫʿ˭սϻ
һ䣬ڣе˹ؽ춼һʱ˵Ҳüͷһ˿ԥɫ
ʵѾսĶç֧ز࣬ҲֻǱǸ߳һأǾç֧ͻֶսУɱȻҲӲ˵ֻ
ǰдӺѹƣʥʹλɳĿԶֹһ̫ٱã۹֮赸֥ͬ޴󽫾˼۹ͻ³ͥ󶼻˼˳ݵثпɳȥμκʹʳ˵ս
ˣ
һһ𶯰˷׹֣ڣ˶ɫһٱ䣬ʱҲɫѿѡ
Ȼڶ󽫸溲ˣʧ̶һֱǳޣ˹صĽƵ۹財
á֥˼ЩÿһǿԶһľͷǵһһεսʬۻɵġ
κһѾ˹ؼɵЩһǽʷǰݣκɵ𶯡
ڴƵʷϣģĴ»ûз
ʳųٰʮһٰʮûʲôսĺںҲľĴѾԶԶܱߵйҡ
˹ػǶͻʺ޷ӴľȡǺʹʳ˽ˣΪʹ˽սĵһǰ˭ѵΪ̫׻ϹۣϷ𣿡
ӴϷվһɲǣĿޱȣ·𿴵޾
ɫѿޱȣģ˵
ֻŶԸƣûôԶʳľʵ̫Ӵˣһ˹ؾͱȻʹλãһս˵˹صľӱȻǰ档
ԴƷâ¶ֹģĴ˹صľӲֵܵסһֻ˹ؾ˴ʳ۹ڻҡ
ţͷ亹ˡ
ңʳӵжΪǻȱ𣿡
ҵĵģǴƣǴʳԶ㳲˴ĽֻΪ˴ܴƣһѩǰ𣿡
ǰ˹֣һţǹ̫סԶôˡ
һƵ£¾ֵˡֻ´ʳҰĲС´ƣɨ磡
¡
һ䣬е˹ڽֻűѹûһء
ƸԴʳҰģһض˹غͻʣݺȷʵ˹ص𣬵Ǵʳ۹֮ͬ
оȫⳡսǾͣ

̵ְǴƺʹʳͻͷͻܾˣʱٿûлᣡ
žһû˳ԡ
ŴеĴȫ½ķ

ͬʱʳ㳲ٰʮƺƵŶʱƷһƬɱ
ڶ̶ʱڣʥһָԭóٵݸ㱨صԭĸλ
ڶļ͵طóʮ֮ڣѸٻعľӡ
֮⣬һʥǩϱ
ڴƣһ͵ϱ뿪ӣ׹ʥִ⻹ǵһϱս
һڴµкۼѾȫĨʵϴӴʳǿžѾʧˡ


1821 ݴ󶼻
̫͵ٹƼ
Ӽ𣬵һ֧Ԯݸȫ֧ԮԴʳս
²گ飬ʳȻʳҪսޱսһνǴƺʹʳ֮սʳֻһԴڡⳡսֹһδƵľӽ͸̤ƽ磡
壬׼̫࣬ٱãͬ޴󽫾˼³󶼻֥ͥ󶼻˼˳ϴͥȫ
⣬˹أͻʣگʳ֮սκһȲУǴУʳ֮޽Ըʳһ̤֮ƽ
壬޴Ϊݴ󶼻

޴̫͵Уʥϵл졣
ּ
У嵥ϥ£ɫ£
꣡
ͬһʱ䣬֮У쳹ʥʵûκ˷ܷԡڱ֮Уᶨ֧ߣʱҲͷ
䣡
ʥʵһֽ𶯣ڳ֮ݣΪһӴսٴת
ıѸټᣬݸأеĽ¯¥̡ңеĿɽȫŨ̹ĺ͸ּҵĶڶ
ľеԴԴϣŹͱ͹ȥ
Ȼ֮ǰս֮Ҳݵһβͬʥʵگ£е̡ЧȫеĹҹԼգͣĴ죬ģʱȣȫͬն

ʹĵС
֨ѽ
ŴŴ򿪣һӰԵĺشӵ˳
ڳˣ
չ£˵Ӱڵϳϳ
󽫾ˣʥ㣡
ʱһǰʿƽ£ַһ󽫾Ľۣվڳڴ̨ϣһ΢Ц
͸߹ˣ
һĻδŴ˼˳΢Цţһɫû˿⣬ƺϵһĻ
й¼˼˳ʧְ֮֮Уֵ÷зܶ˶Ϊ֮ĽΨа˼˳ɫ̩Ȼ
ʼֻ֪Ҫ̫еλڣһжֻǹ̰ˡ
󽫾ʥּս¿Ҫͷˣ
΢ּ

Ϸ򣬱鸮
еʥּ³̾һþ˵
ڵȵһˣ
߽˵仰³д˷˼಻ѡ֮³Ѿûսˡ
ʵǰ׷ݣϵʱΪơگ˹ƽ⣬³Ҳûвμӹִģսˡ
壬̫ٱá۹֮ڸ֥ͥ󶼻˼˳ټԼ˲սһɱĹģ³Σȴûʵֹĳ
ܱߵĵʵ̫ˣǿУʮòɢطȥһжѾı䡣
һδ֮еĴȫټĳһ룬˾Ѫڡ
ϣ
ʯ䣬³ָһգ˲Ǳսһĳ
ʵɲǣһĨգͬһʱ³쳹
ͨϴȫ

ͨʦ·ϣɽ·ѣûжע⵽һϢӴӰһƥѩ׵սžʦķ򣬼ٷɱյɽҰ졣ʮƥ档
ϣ
ͻȻ֮·𿴵ʲôǵϢ磬ɽӰȻסսͣ
ˣֿһսˣ
һɽϣⳣۣһ״󽫾սףɽ
ɽϣ֥ϣһĻǽ¶һ˿Цݡ


ƶԴʳսϢ籩㣬Ѹٴĺ˷йȣһΣͶ⣬򣬴еľӱȫٻأ
壬ͬ޴󽫾˼̫ٱã۹֮ڸ֥۹ͻ³һÿһ𶯰˻ġ
Щַŵһһ֧սκΪ֮
һǣӴƲϴϢܱ߸ֲ뵽ʮǰķɨʱ
һϵѡƽûйʱѡƳסƵı
нȫۼһá
ৣ
һ˲һž޴ĳ񲼣¶һž޴ɳ̡
ɳϸߵУϸ˴ʳо·ߺͲⶼʱݴϢõġ
֮䣬˺ʹʳ֮ĳ༫ڵѾ޷֮ǰļ˴ĺΪ̽ӣϢɿԴԴϴ
պɽǱô˵
嶢ž޴ɳ̣ͷҲû̧
飬ֻʣԼպɽȱڵŵһڣսѾ֮ǰ
ȱպɽʹıԴʳɼв
˹Ǳ󳷣һǧķΧڣǵһһ䣬ûУʱǽպɽǱߵĺ֮ǡ
ǣȱڵıҲ̫࣬Ŀǰפıֻ࣬ڴСɵĻأˣϰͺķ󽫾ܼʮңʱһս
ֻǴ˻ûеִպɽս
һҵ
պɽһ𲢼սãǽ뾩ʦ֮ƽѣ֮Ҳһֱָơ
ʳж
忪ڵ
ʳɳȷǺֻܶ࣬ϮʱԼֻһǧңȫװ
ûи֥󽫾򣬽ֵŽֲսʧܴ󡣡
һԵȸ
ӽӵϢһֱ̽Ķ֮е̽ӺͶĿٻأǰķԸǱ߻˲֡
ǵϢ˴ʳȷжĻʯʯ֮һ֧˵ıòƲ˺ü֧䣬ϴʳȷһǶ֡
ȸĻ˶üͷ
ʯ֮һҲеĹҡ
֥ʯȴƫƫλʯӣ벻ڶԷǸô鷳
⣬ʳ˵׼ǳ֣ܹƹ˹ƹǵĶĿ˵Ϊ
֮󣬴ʳѸٸӦѸռ˹Ȼһ·פ򣬵ڶʱѾۼ˶Էʮľ
ԼʯӺʮľӣҲսʱԭ򡣡
ʳ˵оٶȺܿ죬ΪֹӦѾ£˶ʮĴʳӣѾʼˣ
ǣ
˴Ϊȣֳɵĳǳ򶼻ʳòǰɣ


1822 ŵҾ꣡
ʳƺļƻռ󲻾ãͰǵļƻӴĳǳأйǴӴʳһġ⣬ʳ˺̫࣬ĳǳ̫ª¶̫á
ȸ͵
һֱţǴʱҲüͷ
͵Ϯǣеһжɣһһޱȡ
ܻûмԷ˧ѾоεĶֿ·ǳѲ
պɽеĴټȱڣʳ˾Ϳˣʱس֡

ʳ˵ıÿʱÿ̶֮У˵·;ңԶⷽҪƺܶࡣ
ңʮԴʳ˵ֻǱˮн岢û̫Ӱ졣
ȱһʧļƻܴӰ졣
⣬֮ǰôˣ
ʵ
үķԸͼֽѾĸǰĿǰһߣֻʱִ٣ҵĸģ˵֮ǻҪһʱ䣬Ŀǰصĸȱ״̬
һԣǵ
ģӺܾ֮ǰʼѾʼʳȻûս£һֱ͸ģ飬ģ鶼ľװţϢ֮УֻǼˣЩ׼ԶԶ
ʳڣӹģеĻҪӴöࡣʼĲø޷ٰʮ
ùô࣬ȴӸ֮ǵȱڲжǽ˱ĳǽʱܲж֮⣬ĳǽͳͳж齨ߣ
ߵߵɳ̱Եԥ
޳ɵ˵仰һǣ𶯣ͻȻһָо
嵱ȱں˽ǳأ̺ʱʱֻΪ˶Ը˹غͻʣֻ嵱޽⼸ǳصʱ򣬾Ѿڷյˡ
ȱǳأ֮ǵ޽ü˵֣嵱ΪʲôҪȦôĵ̣˴ʱˡǳصĸģ飬ȻЩ㣬ѾԳģˡ
ǣͰţ֪ͨǰ
֣ص
⣬ѦǧǱϢΣ
ŤͷܿĹǡ
˲֮ͬǰפں⣬ǱߵΪ˽⡣
үʮѾȫУǻļһЩصֲһλɳŮڵشΪͳΡ
õʳֵϢѦǧѾеʮ⣬һ֧˵Ķ孱ؾȻȲһ֧ӵսɹۡ
ǵ
ʮǹĵطȻǿʢҲвߡ֮ǰĹУҲѦǧĲɹٵ鷳
Щ޾ȻǸóս֮Ѧǧֻһиͣͽǳ׻޷γЧͣЩͣҲ赲סѦǧĽŲ
ڣǵĻ㵹ɫƽûʲôͺ˵ĺ޹ϵһ
ʮԶûôǿҵļҹﻹûͳһ߸Ļʵҫ
ԣҲ΢΢˵ͷ
ĹУѦǧһֱڲͣļʮʮİܼƶʮıѾǹɼΪӴɶı䣬ƵսΪǿ
ˣȥдȫٳ
ɨһɳ̣´
٣ڶ컹δ㼯ڽȳ
һܴʳˣǸϳģ𣿡
εʱһͻȻС
ͣеĶŤͷһֻһԵУվһ߰СкСкεȴĿѩһСľһڴͳݵĿԼ
ţ
һů΢ЦųСк˵ͷ
̫ˣ
СкϲͺѾʤϢһ
ʱ飬·ĳźһ㣬ֵУһŴ򿪣ԭһ˵Ľֵϣ˲Եӿľʦգ鼤ޱȡ
һҪʹЩַǱ߽Ĺӣ
ԣǴƨЩʳ˼ʶʶǴƵ

һʦ鼤ߣȻһδʳԣҲеŭͽ
İɣһܴʳˣǸϳȥģ
һκεףӿů
սǾ˵飬֮ѡ컹δʱǲսķΧӰ쵽ʦİգǰ⡰ԤıһĻﲻףЩʦտ³ҹδ˯ĵԼһ
ǣȸҲĳȣжѡԱ֮ҿʼѾѹ̫ãǼ˹ȵףѾټʦ˿Ϊźĳˡ
үǣ
ʱȸۼ⣬Ⱥ߳ļӰͻȻɫһ䣬
š
΢΢˵ͷҲЦݡ
²£
ӣһҪʲô
ŲѾʧʥʶѾˣѵҪΥʥּǿɣ

ȺУԽԽİշ˵Ӱһۣɫ䱸ѡ
Ⱥۣ۳ţĿᶨ͸ĳ־ġ
ܿ죬˱ߵ˵ǰ
һƬţǣȸ˸Ѿְ˵ϣɫء
ۣѾʧˣʲôѵ㻹𣿡
ڰϣۣ
Ѿˣ˵ǰܸԼڱ޷֮գԹִ´ͬ飬ʱ˿̾Ҳ֪ۻ
Ȼһ̣ʼϲ鷢ˡ
ͨ
ԼоʦյĿУԼͻȻ
ۣԸǧţһͬУ
ȫ
һ£ͷɢͻȻ֮䵱˵棬ͷصĹǰ
ȫ
ͬʱ󷽣飬ͬڵϣǰһ̵ۺûͨһǫ˼㡣

һɲǣ˶ˣ嶼ǴΪ㵣ǰһĻ˵Ǻܿ죬ݵģʹĥӣ·ʲôĵ˵ͷ
ɣ
һ˿âܿ쳯˹ȥ

䣡
˷ǧĴҹԼգӸӿۺҲͬ뵽УƣԼΨһᡣ


1823 ٻ
ʱŲᣬʱ˿̣֮ǰϸҴһˮ·˹ؼá
һˮ·ͬƵ۹ӿѪ㣬ÿʱỵ̈ʦ½Լطľӡеݣſˮ
ꤣֵĹڶΪ˽ʡʱ䣬Ĳ嵱õʵ֡
ս¶ĳᣬӾǵʿﲻһƬսɱա

ʱ˿̣򣬿Х˹ظԭȱڣǧսء
ֻŨ̹һܣǧĹҹͣæµţǰһһµĸǽһһţһķߣػź󷽵ĴƵ۹
һ̵ķߣġ̰ȥֺޱȣΪ׳ۡ
һ¶ɫĸǽһ·ȥھ뼫Զһطһս˻Юھ޴֮УԶԶ
Ŀȥֻƽߴһ޴ԲݣԵĴʳ񣬰εض
Ǳˣһ˾޴ºӭչһּѹȸС
ϸȥǰǧĴʳɫؼףһĸƺʱɱ
ʳͻϮ򣬻ѾȥܳһʱˣӺ󷽸ϵĴʳҲԽԽ࣬ÿʱÿ̶ս˻
սûбƬ򽣰ţսŵ˼㣬˭Ҳ֪ʳ˻ʲôʱ򹥴û֪һսʲôʱ򱬷
յү𣿡
ȱڣڳǧսǰպɽͻȻڵ
شˣүѾʱȴİš
ӿһӰܿӺ
үҲ˵ˣֻҪ潻սһУ⡣УʯӺʳ˵Լ֮С
һ仰պɽʱʲô¶һ˿Цݣ
Ӱү㶼˰ɣ
ף
󣬿Ӱǰ
潻սɧŲУȻʳսǿ󣬵ʯ˾Ͳһˡ
ᣬҹһԶԴʳǣãΪӪƣпܣʳȱڣǾ͸òˡ
ȱѾǾӪˮйͨʳٶıҲѷӳЧ
գ
һ۵ƽߴ޴Բݣպɽתͷܿ뿪иҪȥ
¡
Ƭ֮һ춯صľ죬е⣬ΨһģͬʱҲľе⣬źȻ
رĻ£еУĳ󡢵ꪡסȫ˳
ΪʼҾе⣬ֻʥʲܴ򿪡
ϴ˹֮սҲֻҴ˳һ־еһβͬеľеرзĴһȫ˳͵ȱںͺ󷽵ĸ֮ǡ
̵еʮܳʥʮ겻϶죬УۻĽһȫս֮С
Ϊʱ䳤õԭһֳѾ𻵣һЩǸͻط޵ĳ󣬵۵Щʹõĳϡ
һɾأӴ

ʱգ֮ʮȥѾۼһٶĴʳӣľԴԴϸ
һʳܶܶ׷׽פ˳ǳ֮Уһɹɰľɽʹ󺣰㣬
ǵĿǰΪֹʳûнļ
ˣһսȴԽԽŨҡ
˹ص۹ͻʺͻʺңԶĸ߾گе۹ڹעһǰδеĴʳ֮ս
ʱûбϿգÿ¶֪жֻŸ𣬴Ÿ鱨˷
ͬʱϷ򣬾ʳ˲Զĵطս˻Ũ̹ÿһնдľӴ˷
ıѾȫ󳷣ǨƵ˸֮ǣƾʦ½ıҲԴԴϵĸϵ
ڶʳ۹һٶפͬʱ֮Ҳͬۼ˳ʮıȱڵѾӽʮ񣬶󷽵ĴԴԴϵĸ
֮УóľѾȫԭҰʥʵ⣬ϰλŽҲڳۣĸϡ
ɱڴƵʷҲǰδС

ӿХʮ󣬵Űڣڸ֮ʱ޴ĺ䶯




ǵϤӰ֮ǻ׶ֳضѹֵնʱһɨգеĴܲѡ
崣ϣǰĽʿһ¶׳۵ĸߣд˷
ԴӱگȨؾʦѾȥʱˣ⻹һη
ܵϤϢҲһ
μˣ
壬պɽӰһ۵֮ԼڶִܵگķŽ׷ǰ
֮Լ¼֮۹졣ǰδһŽλͳ˧Ҳ𾴡
ˣ
岢ûйĺѣѸٲǰҵǡӵڶಿм䴩
Σ
үʳ˵ͳ˧̫׻ʮҾͻϵ⣬ľ˾Ѿиϵ򣬰ǵõϢӦľ˵Ԥ۳ԱȻսһЩȴΪӴ󣬴ﵽ֮һǧľ
˵ĲˣǻȺеǰ˹
ʳ˷ǳƻӦһ͵Ϯռ˹Ҳƾܵӳ졣
ˣ˹Ӫ꣬Ƿӳ˾޴áѾص֮ǣվӪ˹ʱµĶĿȻѼϢ
ⷬ΢΢üͷ
ľյľһϴսܣǵսȴӹɡ
ϴսľܵ˳شǾͺһľҲвѪҺ
һΣľӦܳľˡܹǣľӦòɽ𡣡
һͷ˼
ʳ˵Ӫڵָӹ˭
ʵ
ǰ˹֣ڼǰ⻹ʳܶܶͬǱ˽ս׼ǳԤϣܴʳռ˾Եľƣǰ˹ִֵ֮ĵһ飬Ǵӷ޽£ﾭӪˮйͨ

ⷬʱüͷһΪ⡣


1824 ڽףϣ
ε֮ǣ׼ŵȴԷľδȫִһݶҵսû뵽˹˵Ľ
˹սܣ˹Ӧüսϴˢ裬û뵽ȴȻ෴
ȥ
˵ţܿǰ˸֮Ǳ߸ߵĳǽԶԶȥƽߴɫƮչʳ˾޴ĳǳظƣߡ

һ࣬ڸ֮ǵıǽʱԶԶģҶԼĵطһ޴³Ǵ
мһֱǧף׸ߵĴʳԲǳأΧһȦһȦĳǽڳǽǽ֮䣬Ŀ⾯裬̣ʱս״̬Ĵʳ
һ¶³ǽΧĴʳææµµһ߼ӹгǽһ߼ΧһɫĴʳᦣ岼ǽͷһ䱸ɭϵӡ
ʱ˿̣ԲǳϣһӰϢɽʹһ㣬ϷĿȫؼףϢͷ·һսħ
ˡ
˹ԶԶŶϷüӹһ˿
ĽǶȥϷ֮ǵλãڸոյɲǣһյϢ⣬·籩һ㣬ͻȻϢڰ˹ǿУֱͬһҫֱۣӡ
Ǹˣ˹бܵӿһǿҵɱ⡣
˹ҪǰҪɱȥȴֲңŰռžϵľƣܴʥڹ̫ѾЩָȨԼƺһ£ܴݻ֮ǣǰ˹ȴҡ
ɱȻǿңǿҵģȴһļ¡
ԶǸħ꣬ƽʱ·㲻ոʳӵĳĴĶ⽫죬ܶôǿǵӰǰͬӲݰ㣬׷׵¡
˹ָûаտսʤ
ʥڻжõִ
Х˹ͻȻڵ
شˣԼʮҡ
һʳ佫
̫׵оٶȲǺܿ죬ÿ춼ڰռȶٶǰҲˣʳ۹򶫷ƽǹƺޱȡĲ˵ƾǰһٶڲóȻ£ֻǷأһʧ
ţ
˹ĵ˵ͷ
ڴʥڵִ֮ǰһӹ̳Ƿʮ֮ڣҪеķӵڵеķ¶õûɣеͬǵļŮڣ͵նɱȫ
˹˵ʱ¶һϿɫһεĶʷǰʳѹ˶ѹһսϣΣֻʤܰܣҲΪԭЩĹ֮⣬ǵļŮҲѺУ
겻ȫǴʳһĴͳȻ飬ȴ൱Ч
ǣ
ʳ佫Ӧܿȥ
¡
Ű˹ֵʳرԽæµеĹҹԼգͶ뵽֮УĴʳӶɹ뵽˹С
ôͽڶŨ̳𣬴ʳ۹ӴĽҲһսֳģȲϴƣ̫Զ
Ҳǰ˹ϴδսʧܺ󣬰˹ѧϰ壬ص﷢ʹʥڣǿҽĽ
ʱ仺ȥıÿһն֮࣬󣬴ʳľѾһʮ⻹ûʮĺھӡ
ɽ¥ߴһٶĴۼ򣬸ܱʷǰĳѹ
ͬһʱ䣬Ϸ򣬸֮ǡ
ϣ
һ߰ʮľ޴£һģײĸֽϣģʯС
飡
ȫ˫ڼ׳Ѹģ鴷֮󣬻죬ܿб˼ͬʱź߰֡
̣
ֻһ̵ˮб£ܿ콽ൽЩģߵĿ϶ԼµĿӶ֮С
Ũ̳Щעµˮ̣ܿصĸǽʹһ壬ιޱȣͺԭһ㡣ּӹ̣Ǵʳọ̈̄Ҳײĸǽ
죬ٶȼӿ죡
أеڻûУ
ƴװӿٶȣֻ̫ˣӾ֮г֣Ĺָӣٸ齨һǧ
ӿٶȣͼֽٱǺ󷽵ĸǽλã٣ҼţڲڽǽҲڴеƵķߣ
㣬ٿ㡭

ϵĸ֮Ũ̹һܣÿ˶Ǻ䤱ڶһƬæļ
ƺʹʳ۹ܳĹƬСĵشͬʱչ¶ԼĲܣһʷϺеĶԾûʤܣûвУһʧܣĲλʮ˵ˡ
˵ıߵĹոֻ߳Ǻʹʳȣ߷ֳĹ飬һ˵ֺͽһÿ˶縺Ųְͬܣͬʱͨ
ȻͬĹǴߣͬʱĶȴࡣ
彫һĿѧֹģʽ뵽߽֮еĽ
ǰָӴߵʱ򣬺󷽣۹½ͬһƬæ̣ľеˮҹԼյ͹
ͬʱ󷽣һ֧˵Ĵɳз
ڿ쵽ˣ
ǰ֥ȫңǰƻͨĸ֮ǣа
溲ѱֲ֮ңڻ֮УΪŵԭ򣬱ʳ͵ϮȫʥʾԽ¤˸֥С
壬Ҫսˣ
ƬսܲһϢζ֥кһһŷⳣ壬ǧϯԪһȺսĲѸٽפ֮С
ո֥ӵ½ǧϯԪҲһӦߣǽҶ˴ʳ˵͵ϮҲǲеҡ
ʱ֮ǾۼľԽԽ࣬ڸ֥֮󣬵ڶλפ֮ǵͬ޴󽫾˼
ϣ
ս˻һ˵ͬͭؼףֻ̤һǹƺƺƵȴʮҪˡ
¡¡
֮󣬵λ󽫾Ҳϵ˸֮ǡ³Ȼж˱ְ񣬵һȴʮϵľɲԼͨ϶Ѹٽפ˸֮ǡ
ѾнӽûƿرսǶڵ۹ͻ˵̶̵꣬һս΢һʱ䣬ս뵽λ۹ͻѪҺ֮С
³֮ϵ֮ǵģǱͥ󶼻˼˳
֮ңΪǣıȨй¼ݺǱͥ൱һֲ뵽췴֮УҲʵ˰˼˳ӡ
˼˳޵Щ׼ķ֮ͽȻ·
Ϊԭ򣬰˼˳˲ٵʱ䣬ټ췴ʱõҲֻһֵıͥ൱һֶɽһ԰˼˳Ȼھʦϵ֮ǵʱȸ֥˼Ҫ
֮У˼˳Ĺϵӣ˼ежԣк˼˳ĵܵܰУ㰲һ򲻳˼˳ԼܵܺʧϾԼĵܵܣƾһ㣬˼˳֮нҲӡ
ǱϾ˽𣬵۹󽫼¹ȴֲһ޳һѲĺˣ彫Щȥ˼˳˼˳ȴֺԥĽˣȫ֮˽
ԭܼ򵥣ΪôԼ
۹ϣӵȨģԶֻһˣǾǸ߾ڴƾʦ̫еʥʣǵ۹󽫻Ǵ󶼻廹ǰ˼˳ǻӻ˽ϹĻ˵ǶԸ壬°˼˳͵һѱ
ԣ¼ڱͥΧ˼˳óʱó֡
ζԸʳҲͬˡ


1825 ڽף£
ôַֺϺϣѾ˵Ͱ˼˳֮ǵˡ֣һֻֻıȨ˽ҲͰˣԸˣ˼˳ƫƫǡ
ع;֮ս˹֮սһˣֵҹѣʱɵ£˶η塢ȴʱ䣬º࣬͢ѰֽڣѴ
岻֪ͬǰ·⣬Ҳһ޷˵ˣһӬӪ˽֮óġرǣֱ£ȴƫƫԹѵڣʤǿʤˡ
ЩԼǿˣһǿĹǺѪԼӢԼյ֮·
һ㣬˼˳Ҳ
֮ھϵĲܣ˼˳Ҫ磬ʣȻ֡ȱݡǸΪܳĴ䣬ţκεľ½塣
֣˼˳˵֮䵽Ǹʲôϵ
壬ڼˣ
Х˸֮⣬³֥Լ˵棬Ʈչ˼˳ƥͷͳıͥԣȿڵ
Ƕ̶һ䣬̺˷ǳӵĸ顣
֮ѾйκˣǼȴ޼˵һλǲս빲
Χĵģš
Ͱ˼˳Ĺϵ½֪˼˳ͷһ𵯿̹壬Ҫ壬˻λ۹󽫣һԲ²õȵʳ˹һƬˡ
Ǻǣ¼л
Ԥϣ嵹̬ͣһ΢Цİ˼˳һ
˼˳֪࣬Ͻֹϵսڰ˼˳֪١һλͥ󶼻ȻҲ⣬˵ھ֮˽ģκ˽Զںˣӣ߻ڼսʱ˽Сˡ
ѹʵı󽫸溲һ˼˳˵һǺ˳ܵĶǺƽ̻ΪƵ̹̹ûǴ󽫾ݣ
󶼻ˣǴαǰĳ֮£õŵл
Ļ˼˳һ˿ɫڵ

Χ󶼻³֥˼˶΢΢˿ʥ׷ġݴ󶼻˼˳ԸΪ󶼻ȻҲӱԸͳʣʱطʣ˵õϢ
󽫾룡
һ룬Ҳ˵Ѱ˼˳һкƺƵȫӭ뵽˸֮С
ѹǳݡλһŶ˷𶯵ľͷ۸֮ǣľƿǰĽҲܱܵǰδеѹһѾ԰췭ظټλͷƵﵽǰδеľ˵ز
սʱܱ
۹ͷУһλִģ̫ٱˡ
֮ңõӣһ·ᵽԶ۹ı֮أǷؾʦ̫ٱ㻨˲ʱ䣬˵Ҫ
̫ٱ
֮⣬ǰ³˼֥վһţλ֮λ۹󽫾ڳӭӡ
λ۹󽫾鼫Ϊʱգյĵλ۹ܺƽƽģ֮٣þ𾴵Ĵ֮һ
λһսһΪ۹˺պչͣΨһȱݣԸֱʵãʢʱˣ뿪˾УԼսġ
ڻھУ½Ƶľֻͬ
үؿȻΪݴ󶼻ôһжһбΪ
δһүеĽүǲû̫ٱֻãүؿ
һɫ
ⷬ³˼֥Ҳһ𾴣սƷöԶԶԽЩˣȻ𾴡
ǰ嵹Ҳ֪õԸһˣĿͣƬ̣ܿ뿪󣬴飬ɭϣߣ䣬֣֡
дĿͦһͭǽڰ㣬Ŀӹܿ췢˼ϤӰ

Ϲܼң
ͺһ͸һ˿ȡ
ǺǣҵѾȬѵս٣ҿԳĵطôõĻᣬôܴ
΢Цţܿһ۵ϹܼҲǰ
Ҳɣ
֣Ⱥֿ󽫾ؼףоǸľѪս죬
һˣ֮ܿǡ֮ѦǧԼʮϵ֮ǺеıѾȫִ
Ϊֹ֮Ǿۼ壬֥³ã˼λĵ۹󽫣Ϲܼңȶĸ֣⣬ʮľİӡ󳵶ӡڶսǿѪİս֮ʦ
Լҹ޽ʮǰѾܼٶУУ飬ܼӽ߰˰Ӵߡ
ֹǰĴʳˣǶͻʺ˹شбɱҲܹ֮ͬס
ңǰеĸǽ󣬶䱸ˡ䡱ȫλǵĸÿһλͭǽڡ
֮ǣΧķΧӥȸգҹͣѲΧеĶκεķ紵ݶЩӥȸĶĿ
˳ӥĶ֮л߾۹еĺࡣ
֮ңӥɱ˸߾ӥʯͬʱҲϵõһѵӥȸ̵ѣƾ̵֧ѿнʯѵĺ࣬ӥԼӥȸЩʯʮıȻҲӥС
ʯЩԼӥȸѵԱһ죬˶ԼĶ̵ѣԼӥȸ
Щӥ˵ûκεôӥ׾ƳĽƣշеӥȸΪһ

ʳѾۼٰʮսҲ˶ٶԶʤǣһսˣ
֮ǵĴ۹ͷ塢á˼֥˼˳³һؼףȫۼһΧȫǵ۹ϵ佫ԼŽ
һȺܵţǰһʮ߿߳ľ޴ɳ̰룬ߵҶǡͻʴԭ˹ظԭȱڡеĵȫܲϣʳԲǱԼΧķȫϸϡ


1826 飡ϣ
ЩӥӥȸӿĽ
֪֪˷ܰսʤ弸ǰżλ۹ͷ˵Ļ
ڴս֮ǰϸϸ£־ĵзλþӪֳֻһ㣬λ۹Ե֮дʱյĵλǽң
ĿǰΪֹʱһ󶼻ˮ·ǽʡ˴ʱ䣬оӦñȶԷԤƵ˺ִ֮ܶǣӦĿǰΨһơ
ԷǳôĴǣҲҪ̽һ
ǿԷֻǣȫû˼ʱǳ֣
ָ֥ɳϣʳڵӪؿڵ
֥ͳ˧򣬺ʹʳҲⳡսڳκ˶зȨ
֮½͵Ϯ𣬶ڸ֥˵Ǹ޴˿ڣһֳҲͼϣܹʳԳһΪЩȥİ
֣֣Ǹʲôʥڹ̫׻ûеѵǾͲܳҹɫһ𣿾ɱ࣬Ҳܴһǵʿһǵ
νһٶ˥ߣֻҪ´죬սҲ´졣
³Ŀѩעɳϣʳ˱ݵλÿڵ
³ϣ߰ʱ䣬ûзս£ϵʱһƬûʲôս¡
ң³Ҳܶ˶Ϊ³ڱ͵Ĵ󽫣Ǻܶȴԣʵ³ԶκĶҪйԵĶࡣ
۹ͻʹ³սڰϵǿʢ϶ϵǶ³һֱеĶ϶Ի͵Ƕʱһֱķս£壬һһĹ˹ˣϸԭ
ֻǺ˹ذϵԵ˿ͷǰԭ
ټ˹ظԭȱĻӰ϶㹥ϸԭҲ޷ռ
³ڹϹԭһκ󣬺Է˻ռ찢ϵ뷨һֱڶԲŻУ۹ͻڱɷĴӡ
ûô򵥣ڿҰ֮ӵмƣǵľӻԲΪ
ƣү˽Щǿг棬ḶܴĴۡǷУ뿪ڱܻܿᷴصĴۡ
⣬֪ע⵽ûУԷĳǳأΧķߺйɡ˴εĿհףƣܹģļų档
һָоԷǱߣһֱҪյǣһҹϮµʱ򣬷ǵİΧȦС
һƬվҲ̫ٱͻȻڵ
ɫأһ˵ţһʳӪϼȱڣָ˼¡⼸򵥵Ķ˵ע⡣
һɲǣ˶Ǵʳ˵ıݡ
ʵʳ˵ķߣѾüˣû̫ȥģʱõĻȥʳ˵Ľ֣һ˲䣬ƤһоһЩһĵط

̫ٱĸ֪ûʳ˵ӪȷʵйŹ֣
Щ£ƽܣʵĵ·
һܹѸٰΧһɲǣ³ʱĬˡҹϮƾܹвз׼ôҹϮûκεˡ
λ̫Ҳ˽һ㣬ʱ£ʳ߽һһʱ䣬ż˵һЩϢ
Ǵʳ˵ʥۣҺ˲ͬͨʼֻһ̵Ľʦ飬ڶ̶ʱѸٳΪʳ۹ս񡣡
ûһʳ˵ָ߰ǻۣ
⣬вĴ󽫣ǹؼ汸֮ͽڱƣҪ͵Ϯ֣²ס
⣬Ϊóı֣˳һ䣬ϴλܵײǵͽܣĺ֮ܶϰλʳĴʥڣ
ʱ򣬰˼˳Ҳˡ
˼˳ʳ˴Ϊ⣬ر׵λʳʥڵĵӡ𶯲ѡ
ʳսײ⼸֣λͷţͬ޴󽫾˼޲T˵ҲͬϵܸоԷǡ
ײﻹֻǸ˵ĵӣ˼Ѿ񲻳Էжôˡ
ܶ˭ҵͬﶼ˿Ҳ㹻Ľֻǣͬ˱Ͼֻһˣ󶼻Է˵ôһǿгսˣ
˼üͷ¶һĨǡ
ײսͬԷиı֣ͬﶼס
Ǻǣǹ̫µĶ֡ͽɣ
ʱͻȻһЦڵһ仰˵ע⣬öһ˹
λͱԼСϺܶ࣬ڶûﵽʮڵ꣬Ҳ൱ľ档
ĴţҲ࣬ҲһֱڹעһһƵսһ𲢼սȴǵһΣ
һ࣬о˵Ŀ⣬ȴЦûй͡
ô˵Ȼô˵ԭ
˹֮ս˫ʵǲ̫󣬵һʱһʱʱӮˣ˵ڡ
۹һμۼеıʹʳս³֥˼˳ǰ˼ãһԶһ棬ȶһ¶˵Ǵδλݡ
ڹ̫׵Щ֣巴Ǻˡ
Ѿѵһɫȸֽףս屸ؼףװݣǹǷǿ˼㣬κα֣嶼аջԷ
ңһʵı仯һų棬ǽȫͬǰսѾȫͬ
˵廹ѵİӣӴ󳵲ӡ̫ײжǿ󣬶עҪ顣
⣬СΧϮѾҪˡ֮ϣʤƵ£취УǿƵ£һսϵŴƵĹˣҲΪҪɢϮı
һսȻкܴķասϣǿʵʳƬ½Ͼûе֡ӴԺ󣬽ܹܱйõ壬Ϊ۹պĳξð춨δһͳ½Ҳδ֪

䣡
ǰ漸ҲͰˣһ䣬ֹͷˣ԰ټƵķŽҵǵĲ£Ȼһ׷̲סɳǰ壬ɲ


1827 飡£
ү
һͳ½磿
ġҰġǰɴӲ˵ʵֺֹǣá³֮й˿˵ͷ붼롣뷨ֹǴô򵥡
һ˲䣬ͷע壬ͺǵһμһ
ôȻʳܹ򵽶ҪѵͲǴǣ½Ҳ֮սΪͬ綼ˣԶûսˣҲʵ̫ƽ
嵭һȻĽⷭ˵˳
ﾲĵģһƬţ˿ǰ꣬ɫݡ
ͳһ½磬ָ£Ҳֹֻƣǳ˴֮⣬ܱߵйȣֹǶ磬磬綼ͳһڴƵͳ֮¡
룬չĺͼӹ񣬱˵ͼԣ¸أ˾Ϊɺı̫ڻʵۡǰΪ𾴵ĺۺʹʼʵۣйͷ
Ǳʥʣ¶һй뷨ôȻȻ˵˵˳ͺȻһ
Źֵǣһ˵ֻ³ᱻ˳Ц
½硭ǲ֪Ƕٸƣܶ˿½ж󣬾Ǹʲô״֪˵ƫƫ˵ʱ˵ĵһӦȻǻɣǾáôһܣ
뷨˸е˼ˡ
壬Ȼûп㣡ӣڣܹһͳ£ʹ°հӣս£Ϊβȥǣͳһ½磡
ڴʱһЦһۣͻȻӺǰЦ
һΪʵ³ֻ֮ǣھϵ飬֪ԼóԼͷۣһֱںͷûв廰ʱ̸ֵսԣȴǵʲˡ
ԶǿЦ˶֪Ǽᶨսɣⷭ˵Ȼûʲô⣬һҲѣô򵥵¡
£֮취ôԸʳͳһ½£Ժ˵ɡңǺ˱Ͼũ壬õҲ塣ҪôǿҲǺü˵¡
³Ц
֮У³࣬ʱҲֻô˵ˡ
³𣬸֥ٱǼôĴˣ
Ԥϣ³Ļȴһɫ
ںɺ֮սǰ˵Ŀ¶ǶԵġʥʿ¶ûҪȥռġϾ˹ءͻʣǴʳض̫ƶʺֲǵռҲô߾ȻƣվĸԶԹǰһȥɢûԭġ
һжѾı䣬ȥͻ֣ᷢڵĴѾǰȫͬɺһսʳսܣ⳥ƽƣЩӴĲƸ䣬˽ѧãֽ֧޽·֧ƶӵܣˮأţսһжǰȫͬ
ս˲ƣսʤҲֻðճصĸ˰ۣǳԡڲͬաܴսлʵʵڵĺôĲ˵˵һսеսʡеȫɳ͢ݣҲɳ͢Ըļ۸գǿܴսл棬Ƿܹñ꣬Ը⡣
һս伸ȫԱûһ㷴ԵûһԹԡӸ޸֮ǣ·;ңԶôǰͺ̶̣ʱͽ͵һУѵǾûһĸо𣿡
˵ⷭʱĿȴɳǰ壬һϵб仯Ǳˣ塣
ʷϣս˲ƣǴԵģֻıһУˡսսһ˵ͳһ½һ죬Ϊκ佫ӵ֧֡
˶˼Ļסˡ֮ǰʱû⣬ʱ룬˴ģսȻûһ㱧Թһ㼫Ϊ
һ˲䣬˿壬ж͸һ˿صɫ
Ϊ佫ҪĴΧ֧ǺѵģˣҲŴ档һµսģʽ
λһսϵˡܻܴʳܹΪƣԼ￪һµģʽĸ
ŵڵˣһ֣ص
ⲻһķսκζΣͻǲġڵ˻ûԳ꣬͢ѾĲһЩһЩûеĶ
һս֮ʧˣȻӣ¤ʦϣϡеһжУƽΪūͣǰδе衣
ơҡʤˣ˵һսյ㡣
ƺľһۣʳȴҲͬˡһʧܵĴʳ½飬ڲĵشν費ȡ亦ҲŹᡣȻͱҪи۵׼
Ҳݣԭ
սĴ£ʤǰܣһ֮У¶ˣ
ڣ֪ճ࣬ûٶ˵˵עȫеɳϣеⳡս֮Сʮ˼½˻֡
ͳʮʮΪԮʮͬ޴󽫾˼Ϊһֱֻͳͬ岢ûиŶıͳԼıҲȽʱս
á³֥˼˳ĴͷЩĵ۹󽫣ǶƣԽıвܷӳԽãǸͳʮȱٵĲ֣尲ţԼԼıг㡣
ÿָʮá³ܷӳΪʵҲһʼȷõġ
Ϸ桢گ棬ҶѾ֣˴ĸ֮ǣѾ֪ʥʣǴȥǵʵһʱ⣬ʱ̫һʧңҲܰϣڸĵԾϣһҪ죬ҪսپԲϵ̫ã

λ۹ͷĵ˵ͷһǺ뷨ȫһ¡һս˿첻ֻаѴʳˣˣΧйԶηơʱϵԽԴƾԽΪ
ϾƵĹս
һ󣬺ܿһȺ˱뿪ˡڻĿ⴩͸ˣٹһϤӰ
ǰһˡһλЩҪ鷳ǰ
һ˵ţһߴгһžͼֽ˹ȥ
ǡ
ʶĴͼֻֽǿһۣüͷ
ͼֽϵݺȫʮǧͼʵ벻飬ԽĴսʲôϵ
ʵϣ£ʹʳ˶ûаϵ


1828 ̫׵ִƣ
ǰ˵պͣǰǧסһ㣬֮⣬Ҫκһˣλ󽫾
ܲսʤʳͿǰˣ
һ֣ص
ͼֽϵ龫ǣҹİ취Ȼû⣬ǾܷܲãܹӶãжûףֻǽһˡ
ˣ
ͼһ֣أܿͼֽ
ͽҰɣһȫԸ
ţ
˵ͷͼ˵ʵɣ
Ҷ׼ǧЩȫͳ˧еҲȫ׼׵Ͱǰˣ
ͼûж˵ͼֽܿ뿪ˡ
¡
˵ʱǿ죬ͼ뿪󲻾ãͻȻ֮ҡضһӴϢɽһľ춯أͻȻ
űһҵĲŵص״Զɢ
һɲǣ֮Ƕ·еļаѡ
һ˲䣬֮һƬţĿ׷ʳ˵Ӫء
վڴ֮У泯ĿⱻǽһȴܹĸоһײбŰϢУһӴϢأ·ɽ緢㣬ĸ֪С
棬еܶܶ˹ڣǵϢǰȻʧɫ
̫ף
ʯһͷӹԺ˲Ϣɫޱȡ
һսʳͳ˧ⳡսķڵִˣ
ͬʱҲζţʳбҲһȫִ
սһ

ͬʱ⣬ʳ˵Ӫ֮УҡضɺƺƵĸӿ
ЩĴ֮УһͷͷǱľ޿Ŀޱȡ
еľ֮УһͷɫξΪĿ
硭һ
ޱɫӪǰʥڹ̫״һɫۣ˫ſȻͬĽɫ͸޾Ұġ
磬ԡڴʳĹ֮£ԸϧʮǰΪһⲻòȻֹ
ȻתƣƬ֮أһһδɵ롣
ʥڣ
ʥڣ
ʥڣ

˷ʥڵӰ԰ƵĴʳ׷ڵأһ龴ηޱȡ
𣡡
޵ͺ𣬹̫վڽɫӪǰӸ£΢΢˵ͷȻԦͷ޻ǰ
һɲǣضĽ²
̫ûͣ˵ĿУһһ޴ӪأߵԲǱǰĿӹؿռ䣬ѸϷƬɫҫĴء
Ƭ飬ͭǽڰĸߣзߺ󷽼ɭϵĴڹ̫׵УҲǼǿһ
ԽǿĶ֣Խֵ
̫΢΢һЦӿ޾Ұġ
ϣ
˵ʱʱ죬ʱһս˻ͻȻӶ洫̫վھ޵ıϣһʶȥ
ֻԶԶģͽУһӰһƥɫԣ̤ƶһ㣬ȻԼٶȣԼķ򼲳۶
ͻȻı仯˹̫Լڶʳܶܶע⡣
̫ף
ֻգ۵ʱ䣬һӴʶˮ㣬ʱգɢȻѸٻΪһʳӪըѡ
̺ʳӪϿһ硣
Ȥ
ޱϣ̫׵ȻһЦ
ʶûԵϰԷȴ⽫ʶת˵Ȼġ
ȤǣʹõĲǴʳ
壿
ЩͷԺзӶ̫촽΢һ̣һӴģκε۹ʧɫľ˲䴩գڴƵĸǰը
ܻǵһμԷǹ̫Ѿ϶ǵӰضǵ۹ǿĶ֣Ǹ˹ֺ͹﷢е壡
棬ս˻̫׵΢΢һЦסս
ֻһ˲ɫ
ʥ㳲Ѿ׼𣿡
ؿռ䣬ڴʳ˵Ӫػ죬¡¡
ˣ
仰ʳ˵Ӫ˲ը˹ֺڶܶһɫ䣬ŭɫ
쵰
Ŵʥڵ棬˿
ʳ㳲ѹӽİĴԽ絴ƽΪϴ𣿡

Ȼޱϣ̫һ׳ۣɫȴƽޱȣ˿Ϊ
о۵ЩͽϲŪ࣬ͼһʱĿ֮죬Ⲣܸıˡڣսʼ֮ǰΪһƬ֮ǰһһ䣬սǽ
̫׵Į󣬴͸ʱգڸ֮Ͽջ죬͸һŨŨв
һɲǼ䣬ؾţֹĴʳӣĴӪأͬҲǾĵģá֥³˼˳˼˶Ͽգķ
̫׵Ļ϶ӹһĨŭɫ˭Ҳûʱڡʥָľݴ󶼻ͳеľӣԼ󶼻󽫾Ϊͳ˧ȻѾ棬˱ٹ
仰ҲҪ˵ģϴ˹֮սҾ˵ʳ֮䣬˹յ㣬Ȼ̤㶫Ҫø۵׼ϧʱûɺʧأʳһٶ
һΣͬҪ˵һ飬̫ףȻ̤㶫˸۵׼һΣƵĲֹɺľӽ̤͸һͳ磬˽ΪƵūеĲƸΪУʳҲΪƵЩ̫ף˹֣Ƕ׼𣿡
ХսбŷĿĹâ

һ䣬ʳһƬȻرǱ㵽İ˹֣ɫǲ԰ޱȡ
һɲǣҲˣ˹֮սǰȷʵ˵ֻⷬǸʱ򣬰˹ָûе¡ڻعͷԳУºžĴ˹һֱ򵽺ɺӽʳĸء
ǴƹڵŽ˻ȥֻڴʳľӻפںɺ֮С
޴Ľɫǰ̫۶Ȼɱ򶨣ݣͫŭ𣬱¶
̸£ˣ
̫ױޱȣ֮ǵϷ
ȻˣǾֻսˡΪܾҵĴۣˣһսκεķ²˶⣬ΪͲĴۣҽռ춫֮ѡǳѪһֱɱգնɱΪҶԿܾĴۣ
⣬е˶Ϊʳūҹ̫׵˹ս֮ʯΪʳԶƾ֤


1829 ս
ǣ
̫һ
Ϊʳ۹𾴵ġʥڡ̫и֪ϰߣǱڹ֮ǰʯԼ˵л档ʯϵ־䣬ǧ˶ֵˣһʱȹ﷢ҪȨ۹˿Ըġ
ڴʳ۹ɢĹУ̫һʯÿһζһǿҵĸԼΪūʯĵطÿһζʬɽѪ²ûС
ƾ飬̫Լ˵һйȣжͿ־ĳ̶ֳϣ̫׵սҲӰЩսдʳսʿʳޱȣηս
һ֮࣬ǣ̫׵Ļ˶ɫ䣬ŭ
Щ֮
ǳ³ȭͷ죬˽ı飬ĥ࣬ĵĿ³̲סеɱӯ
̫ٱɫҪƽࡣ
ȥɣսоʤԶ˫Եʵԡȵսʱ򣬾ɱöֳɣ
õԱߴ
Ϊ۹һսϵƣôӲΪֵգɽҰĵ˵ƽԭɽȣڴսʱһĻԶκεﶼҪ𺳣
һ࣬˼˼˳͸֥Ҳйâ̫һϯеɱ
ûһ˸ַʽƴƣ
˵棬̫ף֮һʤɣһΣҽҵĳŵս󣬴ʳжɽĻᣬʳΪ֮
֮ǰҲһ˿ɫһ䣬תͷѸӪضȥ
Զ޴ԲǰĻ̫ԼдʳжֳŭɫһΣ̫Ҳûж˵µξޣں¡¡ضɽҡУŴʳ˵Ӫضȥ
׼ս֮ݻٴƣ
̫ģ˿˶


Ź̫׵ĵִŸշӶȥ˷ķ˹ءگͻʺңԶĸ߾۹ڹעⳡʷǰĴս
£һսƺʹʳ˭Ӯ
ڶ֮أ趼ǣһĸ߾佫ĿȴǰǵߴӰ
ߣ˵ʳսһ˾֪رҵһЩŴ˾޾ţǸ߾ºѵסˡǸҵڶûʳ˵ľ޾ѾܹһΣټϻԴƶµĲϸߣǷǿƵķʽĺ˵۹󵽵˭ʤ
ԣ߾ԨĿ𺣬޷˿趯ͻȻڵ棬˫ܹԲסģҲֻһˡ
󣬼佫˼
ֻǿϧˣôսǸ߾۹Ես
һ̣Ԩվڸ߸ߵ趼ǽͷϣ̾ϢŤͷһ򡣾趼ǵϷ򣬺ѹѹһƬ֪ٱִߴһ֧֧ɫĿѡ
ޣع裬
Ӷ߾·;ңԶĵĻɡͻʺ;ңԶ·;ɿԸǶ޵ĴڣȴһһԨĹ˼أԴ
عı࣬ȴ쳣£һŶӰ㣬ĲǯͻʡɣԼ߾۹ԨаҲݺ׺ᡢ̣޴ӪλɾϷֺ
һʱعضڴʱɣ趼ǣһλΪ˹ƺ˴óΨһɵģҲֻԼѣ֮ˣ
Ԩ֪һ㣬ԽΡ
Ƴ˸жͱȴΨ˶һ֧ò˵¾ǹ˼һ㣬Żְš
ع裬Ҳⲻ̫ˡҪ̫ã֮ͬҪ֮У
ԨĿϣжһ˿Ĺâ

ͬˣƵ˹ظԭӥ䣬͹̫֮ĶԻͬ뵽˹С
֮ص֮ǣѱʳʹռ죬Χ䱸ɭϣɳо̽ӣĿ࣬̽Ϣɲ̫ѵ顣
죿ʲô˼ҲͰˣһƻôԵɣ̫׺ųƴʳĴʥڣ֮ǰıǼΪ°ǿƵĴڡȻʳоӶѾִΪʲôҲҪӦ֮ſսеǲ
УǰϢע⵽һϸڡ֮ս̫Ű׾ȻҲûκεľܾʵǲͬѰ
Ǻǣ°ǿƣһˣ޴ϻ۹֮ϴʳĴʥڣս޲ʤ޲ˣʳϽյĵλ𣿡
һ˿Ĺâ˵ĵһ仰һסˡ

̫Ϊǿƣܴﵽʱյĵλܵ
˴ʱζ˵
ǿƣֻԻԶֵĶѣпܣһЩ־Ķ֣ͶһЩҪսģôʳĴʥڣô򵥣ͱ˸ɵˡһλ۽ƻͽ²ȴƵλ
국ȼ䣬һѪճ˴ʳλ˧ģ
һսʳλ񣬵ʵУҲԴʮּɵоܴвĻ壬Ҫ˻ᣬı󶯡Ȼһᶯ֣ȴڴڼ䣬ֵʵֵİţ
ռݶٶľӵоԵƣо޾ţȴ˽Ǳ߿Ҳ̫ܡһҶ󵽵˭ʤ˭ܡһȷⳡս֮ǰ죬ҲϣǱκһ˿һĶκһע⡣
һ仰µ죬⡣
һæͷ

ʱʱһӶڴڼ䣬ǴƣǴʳ˫ץʱ䣬ܹĵսǰ׼ߣ֮ǵУƻͨӰ쵽ϣ塢á˼˳ͷΧɳǰ˳һһΣһһΣϾⳡս䣬ʽʱʳķһһεУ
ݵս伤ңһһףʱ˼˳ãϳݷɣģʳĽԺͷӦ
ɳݣּ飬·½ΪҲǳ
ʮıá֥˼˳֮ľͷԸֱǿʢݣľͷԸıߣ¶ĵоֺξ֮У


1830 սʼ
һ࣬ʳ棬ӥҹԼգϵķɳҲͬʱڲͣռƷϢ
֪֪ˣܰսʤʳûֱᣬʣʵУǾôġ
ҹĻʹܿ͵һ죬սֻʣһȻ˫֮УֽղûԽŨҡ
ˣ
ڵ˾ս죡
һƹâӶ߽ףͻȻ֮һƬţսϢڶ̶ʱڣŨأһĽŽƬضȻͬһͷȻӳ˯֮ѹ
һɲ䣬ռ̣ձһɽŵζո£Žɲǣ˸׳ĴʳӪ֮гϪ뽭Ӵһ㣬Ѹٵһڵĸ
𣡡
ͬʱЩľҲվӴڴ֮УΡȻɽһ㡣
̶̵ֻʱ䣬԰ƵģֲĴʳڴгУһӴսޱۣһпĺâ
ͬһʱ䣬ս¡¡򣬸֮ǣһս쳹أҲƴƬռ
ϣ
񶯣ӪУһʿͦأᶨһꪣȻ˳ֻת˲Ӫĺ֮УһʿѸͦǰһ¶¸ߴĸ֮ǡ
еĳǹϵһпϷ
Ŀɨأַ󡭡ʮƾȫףãã纣ƾ۶ǰߡ
Ĳ׶
֮ǵĴ֮С
ˣ
ȫУϷһϣƤһһ˫Ȼ֮ͫ˲ϢҫĿĹâ֮ǳҪۣͬһʱ䣬һɱ֮ɽͻкصϢϱ
ү
ҵպɽǡӥӡȸǡ²á֪˾ۼһã˷׷׹ޱȡ

һɲǣûйһɽͲض˫ְŷ֣ĴλվȻѸٴм䴩Ӵ˳ȥϣһ˻Ӷߴƶëԣĵ档
巭Ѹǰ߶ȥ
βȥһ·

һϣȥֻսϢɭɭɭϣڴ֮Уá֥ǧ˼˳˼޲T³ͨһԣѵȺ⡣
壬һ˹ȴ
Х˵ͷͿ˵ĿУŰڣǰǰһţǧһ˶ߵĸǽɵķߣĿ
أ
̳̻˶ʮ죬һĴʳͻȻ֮䣬飬Ÿ֮ǵķڶ𡣵԰Ƶﱼڶʱ򣬾ضں·Ҫѿһ㡣
֮УһͷͷɽͰȻҲţ˻ţŴǿᡢŰƣգɽľѡ
ĿֻЩһӶܿ˴룬Щξޱϣһɫ񣬺ǰϢΰʥ󣬷·Ӱ
ڵ˾սʱˣ
аĿбŷһĺâ
׼
ϣһ̣һеĴɽһʶбָơ
ıȣߺ󷽣ʮƾͻȻϢȻһ䣬ͺɰͻȻ֮һΪһƬһ㣬̵ͬͭǽڡ
ͬһʱ䣬һӰһֱңңעоƾӵϢ仯̫Ҳɫ΢΢һЩЩͽȻҲֻ֮һգۣ̫׵ɫָ

һ߿ޱȣϿջ졣һ̣ս˻磬ȣܼƶٶսйբ֮ˮ㣬ƺƵѸǰ߶ȥ
ɱ
һĺɱ춯أٶɱڣһ·̳գŸ֮Ƕȥ
Ƭ½ϣҲսǶͻʣ˹صıҪЩΪսĴʳǰȻʧɫٶĴʳϣƽԭشѾɻ߰ǧĲκ˵ⶼһ˲ѹ
һֻ̣ãã޺԰ƵĴʳﲻϿ
ԶԶģ֮УţʮƾһĬĬȴšܲһԾ֪ôңԶĵطܸоǹɴӱ紵ĿԽԽ󣬶ɱԽԽŨңֻɫ򶨣û˿ηա
쿪սˣ
дૣ˷ͻʡ߾˹ء̽ӣͬڹעͷϿġȻİһʮľһζ˫ľ벻ϵ֪˶á
ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬֮У³һ򡣶˰ģȺУҵպɽǧ޲TԼڶķŽͬʱоʲôһ
¡¡غһ춯صľ죬ؼͺһӣһ̣ǧĴʳɫĳˮڡͻȻкռҰÿһ䡣
ʮʮһһʮ򡭡ĴʳԽԽ࣬һ
Լյ֮󣬾ھƵķ߰ǧĵطдʳȫܼͣĴزҲȻ֮ͣ
¡ֿ˵ĿУһͷεľ޴޻ǰ˵ĿУξޱϣһɫǰһӰǴʥڹ̫ס
ɫ䣬Ĳ˿顣
ͽһˣҲĻᣬڳ׻֮ǰѡ񣬻翹𣿡
̫׵¡¡ףؼ졣
Ǻǣ̫ףĻᣬ㻹ѡҪѴʳһ֮·𣿡

ߣˡȻˣһóԸ
̫׻һ֣һ˿ŭɫ漴𣬾˵Ŀ⣬ͷεľ޺ܿתʧڴ󷽡
׼սҪʼˣ
̫ʧɫ΢䣬ϵһЦҲʧ١
ͬһʱ䣬Ĵ֮У̫ɫᣬ泯Ÿ֮ǵķɱӯӯ
ʼɣ
̫һӣѸ´˽
أ
Ź̫׵֮УһŽŽ쳹أⳡʷǰĴսڿʼˡ𣬾˵ĿУսı棬Ȼ谵һ޴ġɽ͡ͻȻ˴ǰȻ˵ķ


1831 ޳棡
ע⣬޾ųˣԷҪЩǵķߣ
ʯ䣬֥˶ͬһʱ䣬ǿʶл۵һ
սڼȻ˿ȫۼһ𣬵Ϊ۹Ĵ󽫣ÿһͳ˧һָ֧ӣȶԲܸȶģҲܹӷӳ۹ͷʵ
û⣬Էþ޿ܿͻ棬ûиߵķǿºѵԷŴģĳ档
֥Ѿǵһκʹʳ˴򽻵ˣЩɽͰӴľޣкηĴʳ֥£κεĴ⡣
룬Űڣ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
Щ޽ã󷽸ɱҹ㣬ڶʮʮ֮䣬һ˳Թ̫׵Ըͻȫϣֱӱܹ
ܺ͹̫׻ǵһνӴǶһЩ¼ȴİرʮ죬µ̽Ѽ˴Ĺڹ̫׵ϣоͰŴս
̫״˴ϸıص㣬ǸѹߣɳıԷԷʩѹ
ͨڸѹµ̽ȳԷһ£¶κ̫׾ͻеսȫѹϣԷ¶ϵ˺ݱɾ޴ȱڣ¶Էսܡ
һ׼򵥣൱Ч
ԵһΣһҪɳļʮ׵Ļ
忪ڵ
һ㰴ҲжʮƾܹʮԲǸСĿҪôսĴʳǾ¡
䣬һԺ
ıͽҰɣҵ϶ѾܾûгսˣҲĥһ£չ¶һ·âˡ
ңһ뿴ʳ˹صﵽж𣡡
³˼
Ŀȼǿҵս⡣
һǣһλµı飬ͻȻһֽȻͬĸо
ͺһɳõıͻȻ֮䳤ʣâ¶ٴ¶Լ貵Ĺâ
ѾǲԼжãûвģսˡ
սʿѪҺս־뵽Ѫ֮С
ɳããһս٣ÿһսѪٴȼͷųԭĹʡ
ʶܵ³ϵı仯΢ɲĵ˵ͷ³ĵ۹ͻҪġ
ͽҰɣ
³֮󣬱ͥ󶼻˼˳Ҳܿ˶
ҵ¼ϧͥңԶһΣҲ뿴ĵ۹кι֮ıǿҵıͥǿ
˼˳ƽƽȴƽ̺֮һɰ
ͥǸ֮սƵĵط˼˳һ˽ıҪͬʱ󺹹
ڵ۹λ󽫾У˼˳Բߵģټûô漣Ĵʤںܶ˺λͥ󶼻ʵһֱһ֮פڶ۹ļз֮УͬʱԿŶͻʺ
ıȻڸǽ϶ģͬʤࡣ
ûй˵ı£Ǻֻģ˵ǯƶ󺹹ˡ
ⷬ¶һ˿Цݣλ۹УĿǰΪֹֻ͸֥³Ͱ˼˳һζûС
λǶͽˣ
忪ڵ
һǣжһڴҪ³Ͱ˼˳սϵ
ģǻЩߡ
˵ǰһ¶ɫĸǽ飬ͬƬ㸲ڴϡ
ЩߵʱѾֵļЩ켣ڲߵ£ûκһ֧ʳ˳ĳ̵ף͸ߣ
˾Щ߾ͰˣֻҪܹЩ߲ҾаڽսЩȫ𣡡
ޱϣ̫ͻȻڵ
ǺǣЩ߾ͽҰɣ
һϸ΢죬ӪһӰӺ߳͹̫ײһͬǰ
䣡
һ̣ҵһ£˵ĿУһž޴ӰͻȻεض𣬷·նסһ㣬˲Ĵʳʿ
𣡡
ͬһʱ䣬һ˶Űĵ
Ǿޣ
ӪУһ˹֮սʿһϳȻ֡
ֻв˹֮ս֪޵Ŀֲʱһͷ޳㹥˹ǳأսֵ
Ծ޵ĳ󣬹ǹȹھǰãֲֿʵǲԸԵڶΡ
ȻͷϬξ̤֮󣬴صûȶԽǿˡ
𺳵ĿУͷϬξһͷɽʹСϢ嫵Գξŭţ̤˳
һͷͷͷ̶ʱڣѾʮͷɽͰӴľޣȻŴֿͨǰ
ȻһлԶûнʮͷʮͷʮͷ
߳ľ޻֮Уﵽʮͷ֮࣬Щ飬԰ƵĴʳӶڵ
⺧˵һĻܵŰϢ֮˷׷ױɫ
鷳ˣ
֥ͷͷ˲ȥ
˹֮սʳȻҲɳӴľ޾ţȴԶûô࣬Ĳ˵ƾЩֲľޣԶԴƷɻԵѡ
ণ
һХϸ˿˲գ͸ƿ


𣡡

һ˲һͷͷԳεģϬΣΣΣţ״ľޣͻȻð⣬ͻȻŶϷɱ
Щޱڵʱ򣬴𶯣Ũ̹֮ǶھҵҡΣ˲ýޱȡ
˹ʮ̳ܶܶ޾ȫ棡ھ޴ݻٷ֮󣬽Щͽȫնɱ
֮һǿʶ̫׵ĮǰһϢͬ籩Ĵʳ佫Ժ
佫ࡢߴ󣬻ᣬ޾ϵս׸ǲ̣ͺһδ⬰㣬ǹ̫׹õȷ١
ǣʥڣ
ǰ˹Ź̫׹һ񣬺ܿվһƥȫź׵Ĵʳԡ
ʥڣ˹ս
ʱһʶգھޱ
һ򣬰˹ؼףڵϹ
˹ִӸոտʼһֱŴʥڹ̫ףһֱ˹ҪսˣûԼ֡
֮أһϹۣܹ
ˣ
ɫӪǰ̫ɫĮû˹һۡ
һа˹㹻ˣȵʱԻᰲš
˹ɫͨ죬ʱþö˵
¡¡
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬˹λ̫ܳȷٴʮܶܶͳ˧ãã纣ĴѸٺХŸ֮ǵĳɱȥ
ɱ
ɱЩͽ﷢ʹʥͣ
ݻǣ˺Ƭ
һɲǵضҡ͸֥жûдһʳɳ˶ʮ
ôӴĹģֱͬһ㣬ռӽǵÿһ䣬Ѿﵽ˹֮սʳһҡ
ڴʳ˵ȴֻǵһ̽
ǧɣǧɣǧɡ
˫ľԽԽЩٶԶĻҪ졣


1832 Ԧ֣֮
Ӵ壬ʹǿƻĽŲﵽ൱Ч
ܹЩϣǵĺס
Ȼȫף
ϸǵÿһطͷؼף֥ʱɫ
˹֮ս޾ͬʹþ޼ףǰ̶ȣԶûдﵽֵز
Ȼһս֮󣬴ʳ˻˴ľ˴ĸĽر쵽˾޵ÿһλ£Ƶĳý

ɵӭͷ˿裬Ȼȴޱȣƽûκβ
޵ıŰײԶЩȻǰҲֻ΢ϣֻǶ˵ѾһЩȻˡ
պɽ׼
Щ޾ƵķֻһǧɵʱкһͻȻһȡ
꣡
ֻһĴ죬󷽣һɶ೤ʮ׶ߵľȻѣ¶һܼܾ͵Ľе
Щеʮ׳ͳƣȴȳӴʮֹ
ͳ󣡡
Щ͵ĳеԶ˹ƥߴĴʳԣɫˡ
ôܣȻôľͳ󣡡
˹֮ս˹޾ŵԼʤƣЩ޾ŵУֶУЩͳΪ̡
Щ͵еԾ˺˹֮ս˵һ
ǸʱľͳֻһܣȻǰȥ岼ٴﵽʮ֮ࡣ
ЩͳṹգͼͬʱҲ߱ҰԺͱ͵˹ʱȫͬն
ҪǣǱ˳׼еľͳ·һʮ׸ߵĽԲ̨ʹЩͳܵǰߵıܹӰ
쵰
һǣ˹ֽȭͷɫޱȡ
̽ǴսĻʶһս֮ǰ˹ɳĳ̽ӡԼպ˼̽ڸ֮еĲúͶ
Щ޴ľͷӣ߸׼ȷЩ޴ġľӡ˹ʼõϢһЩеĴزֿ⡣
Ϊдĸ㲿䵽棬˹ֻΪǸǽĸȱڵĸǽģ顣
Ψû뵽ǾȻһܼܾĲõľͳ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬˹ЩͷԺ̻һ̣ĿͬɽХ緢
Щ룬һʮ׳۵ľźХͬһ㣬ԶĴӪУֱǰһͷϬξޡ

ֻһĲҽУͷ֪ǧصϬξޣȻͷ­ͷ­ϵؼǾ͵ǰȻ飬ļڴ̴֮Ĳ˾޵ͷ­֮С
ܵĳϬξ޶ͣ˽ŲȻ⧲£󷽵صײϡ
䣡
ĳźһһ̣ʮܾͳ뷢һڶЩʮ׳ľ޴ŨҵϢ׷еǰɽͰľޡ
ۣѪɽЩصףھͳĹǰ׷״ͬƬһ㣬ͻȻ֮ܵػЩǰײܿҳһš
ˣ
һĻɫӪǰ˾͹̫׶΢𣬲򶨡
ЩԶȻǵ°˹֮ǰһ˵Ҳûֱǿֵز
ߣ
ֻǶ̶ʱ䣬һߣ˾۹ĶеȨһ٣һ̷ӿһӴľɢͬͬˮ㸲еľޡ
˲Ϣ䣬ԭһŻҵľ޾ָ

󷽣һĻһݡ
Щͳ֪Ǯùȫ졣
ԭΪôһ͵޻ңҲܴǵڿʵЧԶ
Щԣ
ͬʱҲоǰ΢΢üͷ
ЩʧľޣѾ൱Ϥǵǳǿǿж
ʮܾͳͳĿ꣬ЧȴԶԶԤڣӴֻһ֣Զûдﵽĵز
޼׵ԭ򣬴ʳǿ޼ףķģ޼ǰ
ĿӹЩһؼףϸܵģĻƣʱʲô
ȥɣҵĳ
һ࣬û˿ͣеľ֮󣬴˾ֻ̧Ħ
սǰЩȻ̳ٴη㣬Ŵĸȥ
Щ޴ûþ޺ˣݼǷĳǰȥ
󷽣˹ľӸų
˰ɣ߰ɣԽԽ
ıսԣÿܾͳΪһ飬Ϻ
Ŀкһԥ
䣡
û˿ԥһ޴Ľƽ̨ϣ죬һʵľʿŻеѸٵĸı䷽һ飬ٴ
𶯣·ɽХ㣬漴һִٴƿնȥһͷͷޡ
໣
һͷǰϬξʹĺţͷ­ֲʮ֮ܳ󣬺¡һײڵϣڵ̳ϳһ߰ʮɳ֡
ϵһͷһͷľ޺ţϵĵ£ս̳
ڵѪڴʣЩٳĿֲޣ塢֮ľͱǰҲôࡣ
ѾôսʤˣҲһֱıġ
޵вʵ̫󣬾ͳǶԸЩǿֶ֮һ˹սһֱܵЩʮܾͳ

޻ڽӽ峯պɽ˸ƣһ̣šֻһȣĻУһǵأЩڳޡ
ˣҳˣ
ǰ
ԽԽʱܹŵУϴȳζӴؼ׷϶֮䣬µĻҳЩޱֳľ
һֹǣ಼µﳤģݺǧ׵ĸߣͻͬСӵһЩ
ˣ
ʮͷ޾Ƶĸߣٶɵʱû˿ԥйâһһɰľΪһȦۿɼİӰǰһͷͷɽͰľӿȥ
Ԧ֮
˹֮սУԸٴ֡


1833 ˾ľƣ
֮䣬һľͬˮ㣬ǰʮͷ޵ڣǵ񾭣ֱӳ
ȻǿǿֲǵľȴΪֻҪܿЩޣܹݾޣʳĴ
ˣ
֮аӰֻ϶ʱڣľʶݿ࣬죬Ժ񾭣Ѹ뵽˾޴ԵĺĵشǿЩ޵Ĺؼ
ھӽǵ£ܹ־޺һҰĴڡ
޵ľԶôǿֻҪáԦ֮ǵĺģܹѸΪԼãôƶһֻ޾š
ûõģ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ҪסЩ޵ʱͻȻ֮䣬һĮ˿飬ͻȻľһʱѾȥϸ˼ˡ
䣡ֻһ춯صľ죬ڽӴ޺ĵɲǣľ·ײһɽͣ˲ķѣԭӦǳͨľ޺ģȻȫľ޷롣
ǵˣھ񱬷ɲǣ޺ıŷһΧǺܴ󣬵ȴ쳣ǿҵĹΣЩĹɢԼɢľȫ
ƣ
ʯ䣬һͷӹԺһʱʲôʣεĶʳѾ˳׼Щ޵ԺǿĽƣΪ˷ʿ֡
ǴʳĴ˾ʦ
ƺƣ建̧ͷӴľ˳ŸոǵѸٲ׽һǿģϵģ֮ǿʶ
˳ǵʶԴĿ⴩գܿע⵽Զξޱϣվڹ̫Ϣޣô۵Ĵ˾
ӿ˾ڿĺ£еȨȸƾ˼صζȫı飬ͬһʱ䣬һĮϤٴľ
Ҹ߹㣬ûõģ˹飬ѵΪһ᲻κ׼𣿡
ԹԵ˵ţĮĲ˿顣
ⷭʱһݣѾˣǶԷͷȻǿ뵽Լʶ֮С
ƾһ㣬Էǿ񣬾ԱԼκһʿҪǿöࡣ
޵Ժ֮УѾùϵĽ֮ΧһרԾʿⲿơʲô뵽Ժǡ
谵ʶУ˾䡢Į쳹ÿһռ䡢䡣
ߣ𣿡
һһ̣ԥ˹
籩
ʶУֻһ죬ƣһɰľʵʣ·籩ҵıը
εΧ㣬еľȫС
໣
һɲǣеľ޷׷ʹ˻ٴһƬҡ
ʳ˾оʩ˹ϵĽ֮޷ֹԾ޵ֱӹ
һӵĴŽգⲿûа취뷿ڲⲢⲿƻӡľ籩ͬԭ
飡
һͷͷڴӪĵطҵײһһɲǣޱϣ˾ĺɫ۶Ҳ΢΢ɫ
޵ľǳǶǿľʿԣرԦ֮ʿ
ʹԦ֮ⲿƻȻھ޵Ĺۿۣ֮Ҳܴⲿ
ľ籩ܹ͸ǿľܹͬʱôľޣǾҵ˻𣬿ɼľ֮ǿѾﵽĵز
ʹʳ֮ǰռ鱨ȫͬٱ֮ǰǿֹ
ţ
޻ңպɽкһץסǧѷĻᡣ
䣡
գ֮䣬޴ХǰЩǿȻ

ֻһĲҽУգۼ䣬ͷɽͰľ޵ھĹ¡
ӸոյڣѾоͷ޵˾Ĺ֮¡ͷ޷˹֮սУѿԶԴƷɾ޴˺ˡ
ǣһΣ̶̵ֻʱ䣬ȫڷ֮ǰûһ˺
󳵷׼еĵطȫ䣡
ƺƣպɽֳֳɫ򶨣󣬺ԥ
䣡
պɽ󳵷죬ƵȺ㣬Ӹһͷͷޡ
ЩԶԶȲϾͳ󣬵϶ҧôƾƣɷӳҪá
ҪǣպɽѵЩ󳵷һѵأ׼ȼߣеȫױƿĵطʹþϺؼȫ֮أ޵˿ڣЩ޵ƸѸٶ񻯣ϼˡ

ֻһ󳵷Ĺͷ˵ľ޷һ˻ƽɽصڵϣ̳

һĻԶһʳܶܶڶཫʿ׷ױɫ
޾ǿҲƳڣ޻ûгȥѾʮͷһ൱ľ޴״ֱ̬
Ҫ֪о޶˺ؼףЩؼ׸ǲ֪˶ټ󷨺ģɱ֮󣬵ȫûз;
ˣ
Զû˿ԥڸܵ޻ҵʱ򣬴ʳ棬һӴľأѹ
һ̣ûȾްһͬǿľӴƵӪбʹ˾ײһ
䣬ҡضһɹӴľײлҷ
Ķң
ʯ䣬ڴ˾Ժ
һɲǣңңţԶȣǿľֱ·һǹڴϵ壬˾Ҳ΢΢ɫ
ܿ죬˾һû˿ԥֵ͵һڵء
䣡
ֻһƵײɲǼ䣬Դ˾ȨΪģһǿľ񲨶ǸȨϷ͸ޣصס
û巴Ӧǹǿľ񲨶ǰͷڡ
𣡡
ֻһǼͷԭڻ֮еľޣͻȻָ֮ѸٴӾ޾ӱŴƵĸ߳˹ȥ
ã
һֳһɾ⼸ͷ֮СһΣľ񹥻ûзκãͷ˿Ӱ죬˹
ûõģһֶصԦ޷ź;ƣڣκξ񹥻
ڴʱ˾ľ
ΪʳصĴڣ֪˶ٸ£˾ϸǲ֪ӵжٹ϶صľţոʹõȻ֮һ
˾Ļжʱȥ


1834 

߹ʱ䲻̫ʱ⣬ʱһɿԶ˺ڣЩ޾Ƶķ߲һٶɣԾӴǰٶȣԳ֮С
һƷڣʲôѾ޷ֹ߱ݻ١
ңֻôƵľ˸Ϊأ
ȫ䱸Сģ
˲Ϣ䣬ص㣬Ͽ
𣡡

໣

սϣŨ̹ͷԾ˵ٶȳŴƵķ߳࣬ͷѪ˫ۣʱȴʮҪֲ
ʮɣʮɣʮɡԽԽͷĿĴڸǽϣʵײϵҲ𶯣ϵ
ˣ
ۿЩҪкһѸǰϢͷޡ
ָֻһţԶͳһʮ׵ĴִͻȻطС
飬û˿ԥץתȻһɲǼ䣬ռըǸʱֶѸٻΪһҫ۵İɫ磬Ȼ͸ͷԳξ޵˿ڣݺݴ뵽ͷ­֮С

ֻһ̶ͷԳξޱѾˣϢ˼㣬ܵһڵ֮ѸϨӴײڵأֻӴĹ£ûͣ£Ǽǰ˹ȥ

ͷԳξӴݺײθߵһƬС
ܵǰȫʵǿļʿΪ侳ߣǿΪЩɽͰǿľǰҲϰСȻѾһ·ѹ½ƾԽѹ촷ۡ
Х̳ÿжܵһǿҵΣգˣ侪ҡ
Сģ
乥
ġ߷ȫ󳷣
ʮʮġʮߡʮˡʮȫ

̶ʱڣһԾ˵ٶȷھ޼ײλãмʿû˿ԥ׷ˡ
ײûз˺ԥĽˡ
κʱ򣬾һС
䣡
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ɽͰӴԳξײ
ֻһ̶ĽǰŵĶʮ¸ǽֱӱֽƬ㱻ײɳȥ
޵ʬƲЪЮŹ̳ǰײȥ
䣬Щصĸǽÿһ¶ι̶˴֮У£侳佫Ժھ޿ֲʵǰȴȫֵסԽԽĸǽײɳȥԳξ޵ʬֱĸдһ޴ȱڡ
Ȼֻһʼͷ޽¡¡һͷ״ľޣʯǰȸ߸̧Ȼ£䣬𶯣һǿҵ𵴲̺ſֲĻϯͬ˰ˢ˷ĸߡ
ϣƬĸ߱ɳȥײһǰķһƬǽ塣
ţ


һ߿գ͸һɽζ
䣡
ܿ죬ʮܴڸ߸ƽ̨ϵľͳѸٵת׼ЩɽͰȻ
սǰİţʱֳáʮܾͳ߶ɣұ˴˷ɢ޳ߣʱҪɲס
䣬ֻһɽХһܼܾͳٴηޱȣӸЩͷ­
޸λУֻͷ­ĵط
һ䣬޵ĲҺڶͷУͷֱӵУӴصڵϣһµһͷҲˣҡҡ׹ǰٶȴ
ţ
һ£ͬʱܼͷһһͷߵľ޳׻ɱǰ󲻹Ƭ̵ʱ䣬Ѿʮͷ޵ڵϡ
󳵵Ĺνˣˣˡ
ֻһͷ޴Ļʱ䣬󷽵ļʮͷѣָŴƵķȫ
Сģ
쳹أһУһͳУȻһͷ޻С
籩
һţһɰľھ뱬ըһΣ˾׼ͷž籩ʱһɰľʵʣײ棬ȫ徫籩ͷΧ
ˣĶң
ͬһʱ䣬˾ھ
棬عࡣ
սոտʳ滹ֻɳʮͷ̽ĸֻһûг£Ҳҹľ
֮γ֣þޣҲΪ˼ɡ
նɱߣ
ʯ䣬Ƕ˲ϢͷѸٻֱۣ
ˣ
󷽵ĴУһص𣬴ֿһ̣˵ĿУһߴӰؼף˫ȫںɫؼ˳
ЩԱǿ׳ߴ࣬վڴ֮ȺϵĿסʵغ͹ԾŻװףĿȣЩϵĿԸ񣬸أҲ̡
ӡ̵ģЩ˳еһɶ೤ľ޽
¾ߣ
죬Ը޵ľͱ
޽һһɣͺ׶ۣõһЩ켼Ҳ޷ı䡣
ԣʹһֺϽھ޽׶۵ĵطʹ˼Ӳ˴ļ̷ŵԽ޽׶۵⡣
ˣƷҲߣ㾡ȫҲֻʮ¾ߡ
⣬Ϊʹ޽ļӲȴ½Զ絥ȸֽԼٶεȫ޽ڲͻѺۡ
˵Ѿ㹻ˣΪЩ޽¾߱Ըʳľ޾š
նɱߣȫϣ
֧룬һĸߴļʿĿӿһɹɵĻƺɫâ̺ǿҵϵȻ˴󷨣ǻƲ졣
֮ҼȫעǶڴʳľ裬һҲûз£ԴʱͿʼڴСɵܻѵһ֧Ķ顣
࣬һҪʵǿʹı󿪴ϣܹӴľɱǾնɱ߼ƻ
ƻ֪˲࣬۹ֻ塢Լ³֪ΪľԤ֡
ֻˣ˵Ѿ㹻ˣƾ˴еĸ֣Լ³ӾгĶ⾫Ӣ֧ʮ˵ľնɱ߶顣


1835 նɱߣ
ϣϣ
ֻʮնɱһſͬʱ뻮һ˫һգһ೤߿Եžݵľ¾ߣֱָܼ֣ա
Щ೤ľ޽ȻƲǵĻҪӴ󣬸һǿҵӾ𺳸У
һУʮϢľնɱ߱һĬϢ
ˣ
һĻԶĴʳܶܶҲ۾һΪ֮ݡ
ʳս֮е佫սʶ㲩Ҳûмʹ־ı֡
ôѾ˸оˡ
𣡡
ֻһ󷽵ľѾԽԽ𶯣ĳգʮɸߣˣ޷ھɽͰӴ
һ

һ̣ھ޼ײƷߵʱʯ쾪ʮնɱԺӴȻͬٶȷ˹ȥʮɵĿռһӶ
ھ޳ߣƬʯɲǣΪ׵ĻƲͻȻХһεضڰлһ޴ԲȻȻһۣ𺳵ĿڿնǰһͷҰţ״ľͷϡ
ӿ
Ʋ˫ĿѪ죬뷢ţԷ裬״
꣡
ڤڤУͺһգһ̣Ʋ೤ȸ־޽֮ն¡
ʯ䣬һؿѵľ죬ͷ߶񣬸˴ССʮĵؼȻƲеȸؽؼ׺뵽˾޵ͷ­֮У֮Ľ壬û뵽档

Ұţ״ľ޻һʹľ캿С
೤Եݵľ޽Ĵ˺ʹƺЩ
ͬʱ꣬һɹɴȳζѪ˳ŽƵѪӿ˻Ʋһ
ɣ
ƲŭХ쳹ԭ޽֮һ¹¶⣬ŻƲ˫ַͣû뵽С
ͷܵػҺһվȣӴţֱ׹ڵأʮ¸ǽѹ黨
ɱ
һнֻǸʼŻƲһӰؼףֳ־޽ӵ߸ߵ𣬷ЩӴľޡ
֮ԶԾ˺ΪƤ񣬼ޱȣĲ˵һЩ޵ͷ­ȾףѰǵĹ޷̴˵˼ˡ
¾߾רΪ˴ġ
ЩͱԸоԶûôӴΪӴ󣬲·ӲǶԸЩޣȴ°
飡
һЩնɱߵ£ʹ˷ڶ
ţ
û˿ԥᣬһܼܾͳ뷢ɽХĺУһХգۼ߰ͷ޵˵ϡΪֹѾжʮͷ޵ڵϡ
ǣûκһͷ뵽Ƶĸ
һĻԶûжĴʳһƬţ˶Ϊ֮ݡ
Щ޼ڴʳҲޣôǿĹɺֿôңҲֻǳͷޣʹǳƹ
ڣսûȫչ֮ޣ˵ĵ۹Ȼһ֧Ը޵ľţǰѹû뵽ġ
ЩηĴʳһʶӵжٶȫװռ˾Եƣֻ¶̹ȣҲԶеĿֲǿ
ɱ
˸ȫ棡
Ѿ忪ȱڣֹǣ˺ǣȫ

ʱһʳ쳹أھ޾Źܴʱһ󼱴ٵӺ󷽴ϣһһĽ޾ź󷽣ʮãã纣ĴʳǰһĴʳ佫İγԼĳֱָա
Ϊʥڹ̫ܳȷ٣˹ӵмսֱԼ׽սⳡսӸոտʼ˹һֱںϸ۲졣
Է׼лҪ֣ܾ޾ŵĹܴ죬ⳡʼĿѾﵽ޾Ѿɹ忪Ƶ۹жεķߡ
ɱ
ɱ춯أŰ˹еĴʳﶸȻӿٶȣǰȥɣɡԽԽֻİɵʱ򣬺¡еĴʳ̰ͬӵĺһ㣬һΪѸƹɽͰӴľޣǰɱȥ
ע⣬ҪˣԷָӹٷǳ޵ǵķȱڽһ˺󣡡
һǿʶӹ⽫ʶһ𣬾һƥɫϣͻȻ˵ˡ
һ̽ԵսòμӣΪ۹Ժգḻսһֱݹȫ
һֱڷʳʵϣµһʳ˹֮սѾʼˣǼƣϬľ޾Źܴ죬ҲûԤеĳƻʱ󲿷ֽ춼ѡʱԵĳˣǶԷĽȻһ
Էս൱ʱĲǳˣս๥ƣʹôƽһĻңͬʱΪ޾ᡣ
һʮߣټϾ޾ŵĴڣƷѹȻӡ
³ˣ󶼻Ϳˣ
ڴʱһĿǰͻȻ˵ˡɫ侲û˿Ĳ
ţ
࣬³Ͱ˼˳Ÿߴԣڴ֮УĻ΢ɲĵ˵ͷȴһ
Ϊ۹Ĵ󽫣³Ͱ˼˳һԼ׽սҳİ취ͷ񣬾ͨ佫Է³çĳȥ
ǾõĻᡣ
ɱ
ɱЩͽ
ΰҫǽʥͳһ磬־
սߣǴʳʿ

һʳ쳹أǧĴʳǰͺ̣һ˵ĸǵأХ
ս˻ԽԽ
һɲǣʱ·ŻҲԽԽš
һߣ࣬ٶܣ
׼ȴ
׼
׼

̶ʱڣһѸٴﵽ˵һߣʱ˿̣Ѿò޾ϸȥţôೡսѾȫɳ
ʱ˿̣ǰָӵҵµĿӰ֪Ѧǧˡ
գ
󣬶ԷٶԽԽ죬ҲԽԽͣǧĴʳһ棬ڿһƬۿɼ
룬ܹЩʳףֱģŨܵĺëеĴʳﶼƹ˸ǽͬйբ֮ˮ㣬Ÿǽǽ֮ķ϶ٳȥ
ΪƬĸߣֵпܵĹ岻òڸǽ֮Щȱںͷ϶


1836 ɫǹţϣ
꣡
ԽԽһߺеʿսе۾ǰǿҵս⡣ⲻͨսǴʳ֮ս
ⳡսǰûӣ̸Ͼ⡣
׼
ĺɱ춯أ棬˾޳ĵشطһƬƽͺЩߵľ޴һռάһ
ʮܾγţһڲͣĹ˵עȫŵǺƺƵߵĵо
һףʮףʮס
ԽԽ
¡
ڣǧݺײһصģһ˶ߵľ޶ϡ
ס
ʯ䣬һ󱩺쳹սһ޶ܺ棬Ŀ׳˶Ķܱʿ˫ŷֿбͷ϶͹ƴȫ
еһߵƣ֮Ķܱؼҡҡ֣ҡżңмܱҵսʿԼеľܱЩ˶սĶܱӵзḻľԼǿʵ
䣬Ҳת˲֮䣬ǧĴʳܼ꣬ǹ䵶㣬и籩Щ޶ܣÿһܱʿʱľ޴ѹ
ããĴʳѾȫ˴Ƹߵÿһ䣬ֹˡ
ɱ
ʯ䣬ƵĴʳﺷηܻ᲻ᱻ޲ֱ̤˳ž޳ȱڣŷɱȥ
Ȼûȫ忪ƵķߣǴЩȱڳɱȥҪ࣬ɱһ䲻⣬⧲
ô޵ĳǵķ߽⡣
ȫҳɱȥɱЩͽһ
Х룬˹һɫؼףפָӣɫ衣ͬһʱ䣬ܶܶҲϰ˹ָӴɱȥ
ʮʳǴʳһѹ̽ȻȫһֵסеĴƾֻ·һ
䣡
սһʼ͵˼ΪҵĵزֺɱײһƬʱ˿̣սΧȴһƬž
ʳ棬̫ס˾˹֡
Ʒ棬á³֥
ԶĵطսһӰԶԶԶϸȥͻᷢ˺Ȼͻʴ󽫾ʧϣ
ʳս㳲ⳡսĹϵ̫شˣӲ˵ᣬʧֻˣԵǰ߹۲졣
һսҪۿۼ֤ⳡսʤܣ
ʧһͬ˼Զ
ոȥͻᷢϡӰɢ˲ҿ̫ںԶĵطͬҲᡣ

˵ʱʱ죬һӶսڶʮʳȫѹϣӸȫԴʩѹﵽʱ
䣬ţ
һ£һ̣Ʒڷһ̶ХԼļʸǰһ¶¸ߴĸǽ
սĹе󡢼ӣһз̾ͻԽܼԽãԽǿԽá
岻ͬƾԼеĸսʽıһֱȵ˫̱ӣзӪܼʱſʼ
Χϼ鷢Ҳ󡢼ɱʱ
ݣ
һ̶ХУһ乥಻ÿһռ䡣

һĲҽ𣬵һս˲֡
Ǳ޲̤ɢĴƣǲȡƵĴʳܼһʳҽţ˴׹ڴƵĸǰЩֻһ߶೤ļʸǵۿ׵ķ϶Ҳ䴩ǿսͷ­
һЩḻĴʳ䵶ȫ񵲣мܲס䷢ʱÿ˶˽֧ʸôľ룬ǼʸıҲɢЩʳڵǻ
ϣ
˻ڶһǧǧǧƷ̶ֻʱ䣬ʳ˰˾ǧӡ
׼
ŷ֮󣬴֮Уպɽɫеĳһӣӹ޵гһ룬ת򣬶׼ǽĴʳ
䣡
ֻһƵǹɽѣޱȡ˵ĿУЩ˸Ĺâ˲Ϣ仮ߣû󷽵Ĵʳ֮С
䣬ǰһؼ׵ĴʳﻹûзӦؿ̴һĴ󶴣ЩӲڼǰӳٶֽķѡ
ƲЪ䴩һʳʬϻ֮ƲЪڶʳڡ
һĲҽУڶʳﱻ˴һᴩȻǵ
˺˲֣һ֮󣬴ʳﵹڸǰʬʬݺύѪڵʣǷǰͷܶЩʳ˺ü˵Զ֮ϡ
ÿµ
ԶҰݸʧһƥͻԣвһ˿µɫ
ս棬ʳӪ֮У̫ס˹ʳܶܶһĻƤ¶һ˿ݡ
ɱЩƳ²ڴʳľ޾ţսϵոƾһ㣬ͽȾѾ˴ʳж֡
ܶǿĶ֣ҺʹʳΪУֻ·һ
ѹϣȫ棡
֮У˹ңĿޱȡܵһﵽʮ֮ޣ˹ȴ⡣
һζʳٶʮӴ󣬵ڴʳӴı˵ֻǱˮн޹ʹڴʳĴͳУȷӪģȫսҲ˿ʹϧ
䣡
Ű˹ͻĴʳͻȻˮ˷ֿһ֧׳Ĵܿɱ
֧ӪȻͬսͷԱս߳࣬սĹǿ׳Ҳб
˵ģϴףе϶ɫؼף׵ĺȴﵽ࣬µսҲװͬսס
սףʹﵽǧأܶಽԳܣ˵Щսǰһ߶״ܡ
Ща˶ߣԿƣǸӵڷģܵı̴Ҫλϣһ೤׼ȫȡ˳ǹãâ¶ֲޱȡ
صǣصľ޶ܾȻսϵؼ׻Ȼһ壬޶ܺս֮ͨһ̵ĸһ𣬿ιޱȡ
֮߳Ϊɫǹţ


1837 ɫǹţ£
ǹ̫һ֧Ԣأؼ汸ǿţרԸЩǳǿľšڵֵԷ͹ͬʱþ޶ļͻԷӪ˺ѶԷķߣ
ɫǹŵѵΪѣһԱѲ䣬ټһصװʱķڣ԰˹ٶãǰʣɫǹŷӳʱ
¡¡һţţšɫǹһſ󷽵ĴʳȻһлԶûнɫǹŵʵԶʿɫǹŵľ޶ڶ̣עмǿĹʵ
䣡
һ޴ļ֮٣Զݺײһƶܱľ޶ϡ
ֻһҽУеƶܱ˳ɰǧεĳû˿ȴȴʱ򣬱޴ļһײȻ˴ܣֱӷͬ߷ݰȥߺļƲһҷɡ
䣡
ĳźţǧɫǹŵһߺľܱ׷ײɡ
ɫǹŸƿƵķߣЩ޶볤ļ̣սеһ㣬ʹÿһܱܵѹﵽޣֵס
ʥ׼
Զۣ֮ɫӪǰ˾ɫ۶ͻȻڵ
󳵷Ŀãһ˶ʥڳɽ֮һ·ʲôûڿʥİԶҪֵöࡣ
Ǻǣ˾ˣ̸ʲô׼ֻսµһ֧ѡȻ࣬ҲƲ̫ǿ󣬵ǵĿǰΪֹûܹƵˣԸЩͽҲѾ㹻ˡ
̫׵
䣡
ǰƺӦŹ̫׵Ļպɽͳʵ󳵷ٴγ֣춯صĺУһƿն֮صĻһɫǹŵľƥĴִһߺɫ޶ܺȻͷ̳֮޴ǽɫǹŵľײض˴ɳɡ
ȻֻƬ̣գսĽأ̳ƴһȻɫǹӲĶ
ɫǹŵɫ޶ȫװսǰʮߵľ룬Ϊṩһѵİȫռ䣬һʳ˴Ȼûκһˣ
䣡
һɫľ޶ϲ˴ִƾ̵ּװʳһżȻ֮⣬ȻⲨȫֵ
ɱ
ƾɫǹŵڻǧĴʳ˷ܵ˻ţųɱ
һĻԶպɽ΢΢ɫ
ǣʳбôһҪԸƣǲ̫˵㡣
ʱһʶգ˵Ժ𣬵۹ͻ³ͻȻˡ
ǺǣҲҲóˡ
˼˳о³еս⣬Ҳ΢Цſڵ
ԲۣóҲӵڶĶܱսнǽߣµս񡣵Ǻܶ˶ˣ֮нյǿʢķأǡǡ෴ԻĽйأԷ˽ʱյĵλ
ǰɫǹŲϵͻƵĵһ߱ϵͻƣһЩʳ˳棬ͻ˼ʮ֮Զ󷽵Ĵʳͬ˰ӿ롣
ȥҪ˶ãһ߾ͱ᳹׻𡣶Ʒ棬壬³ãǰ˼˳֥˼ȫͺǰݻٵĸԼķһ
һ



ʱţĴʳﲻϳƵķߣжΣоͳʮնɱֹҲɹ˾޾ŵĽŲǴƵķڲϵıƬĸǽ޲飬ɣߴɨ
˷˶ڹ۲һĻʧϣ̫ף˹֣˶ˡ
˵ʱʱ죬ڶ֧ʳľڴƵĸϳһȱڣݺ۳ңʱûע⵽ХУһֱ·㴣³˲ϢһƥĺâλµĴͻˡ
϶
³쳹ս䣬һʵĳ³˵ϢȻƥ
һ̣ǵ۹ȨƱı飬ϴǦϴպյĵ۹ͻ
¡
·һžʯ£첨𺳵ĿУ³ͳе϶岦ͬһ㣬ӴƵӪ֮гɱ
ϣ
³Ӵгͬʱ³µȻ˻һͬʱ̤£һɫĹ⻷ѪѸٴ³ɢ籩ϯ
ֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͬ쫷³µ϶ʱϢһ䣬ٶȣȫ汬ȵѪͬȼյһ㣡
ֹˣ󣬾岦ıϢҲűǡ
ǿ
һĻµ˷׷׶ݣ嶼̲סüͷһ¡
֮սͨͳ϶ս֧ӵʵ˽⡣
֧ʵԲҲ㲻̫ǿڵ۹ƫһ̵϶ͣŰѪ˹ԣĸоУͬһͷҪѪͻһ㣬ͨͳµʱ򣬽Ȼͬ
һϣһ£
һһѡͨʵȻҲվǵ۹󽫣϶ʼգֻ³
³ͳʵ϶϶
һǣͻȻ³ϼʮ궼Ȼ£Ϊʲô޺ͻһҪȵ³뿪ϲŸҷȫ
ɱ
ֻһĺɱȷģ³Ҳͨ³һֱߵһϾɲ³üΣһֱûжºӡ
һ̣³µľɲһչ¶Լķâ˲ͬΪǰ棬ͳʵ߰ǧ϶Ĳ䡣
ͻ
ͻ
ͻ

һ쳹أͿ³µľɲĴлһ޴˫иһֱȴʳ˸Ӻηķʽ˶ɫǹš
ɣɣһɣ
˫໹߳ߵʱЩ϶ȷͻȻһһķʽ˳ȥ
ͣ
Хһ޴˫иתţлһĻߣһּƻԵķʽݺݵնһͷʳսȹؽڴ
ֻһĲҽУƥɫǹŵս˻ţȴѪ䣬һ߸ߵķ˳ȥ


1838 ۹󽫳ϣ
ÿһͷɫǹŵսкսװݣ£ĹҲƲǵķ
ܵսҲⲻ¶϶սܵʱ򣬹ǽ죬طζģȻ¶һ˿϶϶ȷһ㣬նȣϵɫǹŵĻԡ
һͷܲսҲֻһͷ
쵰
ɱǣ
Сս
ɵЩ֣

ԭһǰҵɫǹŶʱһƬҡսϣһŭӣеĳǹ䵶иʽµȷϹǴʳȻ͹֧ӵǿ֮ǵȻ˳еľ޸ǵ̣²ͣı任λã
еȷڿɱսʱմߣͣһλãڵֵʱ򣬳
ϵĴʳҲƹս£˵սϻźס
ͣ
һǰҵλãһɫĺͻһͷսһͷս䣬ֻһ죬գۼ䣬ɫǹŹ׷ױնȣȻ׹أҲ޷ǰ
ȻһлֻǿʼȷĳΪ˶ԸɫǹţΪ˺󷽵϶
¡¡
𶯣̳һܼܼ糱Ծ˵ٶȣѸǰɱ
䣡
Ĵ֮Уһɫǹŵڲȱսϣ˫۴ǰ촽ſţƺҪ˵ʲôȻû˵ڣֻһһŶͷ­ţ˳ȥͷʬ廹ϣУһѪ֮ߡ
ͣ
һ̶ʱڣǧƵɫǹŵţ͵˵ϣѪڵѪɫա
һｵһ֧ϵɫǹװݣܹĶ֣Щɫľ޶ܣպɽƵĳֵܹ
£κεĶ֣ɫǹŶ׵ĲҰܣֻϧԵǵ۹ͻ³ƣ³͸溲Կ˹ʮ꣬۹ԸﾭḻĴ󽫡
ɳȷֻնȣû˵һˣʧȥսʧȥԵɫǹţҲֻһѴؼף׵Ŀѡ
ֻµĴʳɫǹŶʱȫ
һսҲˣʶλ۹ͻϬ֮
һ³˵ֻǰѡ
ϣ
ս˻οգ³϶ǲϣǰ濪·֮е϶ܣǰãã纣ڶĴʳҲãųǧսӲӲĳɱȥ
ʸΣ
Ϊʥʣ
Ϊ˴ƣ

ֻһգۣǧ϶飬·һ⵶㣬һ·ɱߣǽŶĴʳȥ棬һĻеĴʳҲɱڡ
ĴƣΨһɾҲֻЩǽûиߵķЩľӸǷ棬½磬ûκεԺʹʳȡ
дʳ˼Ųɵ
ȻԷҳߣǾͲ⽫ǳ׵˺顣
ɱ
Ϊ˹﷢
Ϊ˴ʥڣ
ɨƽͽͳһ½أ

ĴʳͬţţһԾ˵ٶȳŴƣ϶ɱ
䣡
̶ֻʱڣ֧Ȯصײһ𡣺䣬ҵײڶ뵶ཻײսսײ˻˻һƬ
һǣĻб䡢ҫ
ս˫˭ûк˰벽żҵײʳˣˣ̶ʱڣ˫ǧ׹£־ĽʵĽ
ֲֽûгá
ϣ
ֻһҵĳ˻϶ɵķʸ֮Уһ϶սͻȻһǧͻȻӶɱбɲɱȥͬʱһȣʸ࣬ͨͬһ֧ӶгȥҲбɲɱȥ
˵ĳףѡʱǷǳ⡣
һཻ̱϶ͶԷɱѽѷ֣ͨ϶սɱ࣬ԭ飬γܶеĴʳͻȻ֮һƬңȻӲ˺ӡ
һǰһѡʱͷλǳ⣬ǡǡĴʳΪΧ϶׷׳֮гһ˿϶ʱ
һ϶أֻҪգ۵ʱЩ϶ͻѸʧɶӰ죬ͨ϶սץסʱͻɱȥ͵Ĺ΢ķ϶ѸתΪһ޴ѿڣݻһƬҡ
ɢѸӰ쵽ĴʳӰ쵽ǰں϶ʸλսĴʳӡ
ͨ϶սĴͻƲʹûҽһ
ϣ
ֻһ˻ǰ϶ͻƴʳһִݿ࣬޵еķʽǰȥͨһ϶սǰͺ̣ϵĳУУϵΧĴʳ˺ȱڣңֻҽһΪ϶ĳᡣ
¡¡ַĳɱ֮У϶֮ʳ˱ɽȫûһ֮С
ÿһдʳ֯ͼصʱ򣬶ᱻ϶սһݻǵķߡ
³˲ǵ۹ͻͳ϶϶
Űڣǰһֱע϶
϶ͻɱͻȻ³ΪʲôǰĴ޺ͻأҰĲĸ޷˼ɵˡ
µıֻûô⣬ȲͥӵôҲõ۹֧֣ӵдĳҲãثıϣ뻯
³϶ǿĵطսϲ׽ʱ
ⳡսէһ϶ʲôûֻǼ򵥵ɷʸͣһ·ǰɱĿ֮ȴĸ֪϶ÿһγϸ΢ı仯ÿһιѡԷĵط
³µЩҲ᲻ͣĳԷĵطΪᡣһ·³϶ݿ࣬޵Уûʹκθӵ󷨣ֻһʸͱɱס
Ԣڼ򣬻Ϊ棬ֿƼ򵥵ĳɱǡǡ³Ϊ۹ͷĹ֮


1839 ۹󽫳£
飡
ҵײڶһĲҽǧĴʳⳡ潻УȻ³׵ĻĴʳﱻնɱ¡
棬˶ˣԶʧڲԭϣŴͣ˵
³һһϣ˫ⱲӶûдҲδ³
ֻռЩӡ
һ̵ĵ۹ͻ˼̵ӡ
ʲôʱѾôǿˣ
ʧޱȡ
ܱǰںܼķУ棬ٶȽ͵㣬ٳûʧӡеĴơ
ʲôʱ򣬴ƵľԱԼ£ԶĴʳ뿪أˣ
⻹ӡеĴ
һ̫࣬ף˹֣ڶĴʳܶͬ𺳲ѣҲû뵽ԼƱƷȻҷ
˹ĳˣػˣ
̫ɫһͻȻڵ
쵰ھɱ
һĻ̼Ĳֹ̫ףǰʮܶܶһɫ룬ĸߴ׳˶Ĵʳܶŭһйܶ˵ͬԷʸͣ϶ɱȥ
գһֻʳ̤ܶһ޴Ĺ⻷磬ҡ
ǰȫѹǰ϶
˫ľԽԽۿʳܶײ϶ƾһǿΪҪ忪϶Ĺƣʱ򣬴֮У۹ͻ³һ˿ĺ⣺
ߣһȺС󣡡
δ䣬³Ĳƥīĸͷ׳磬Ѹٳɱʳܶײһ
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ɽȻͬڴȻȻֻһ˲ִƣѪɫգѸ˺ʳܶڽɫ
ͣһ޾Ѫû˷ӦͿһŶͷ­ת˳ȥ
һ
ֻһ۹ͻ³ѹԵʵնһʳܶһЩԶûн

ʯ䣬ֻһȣһɱ֮ǰӰѪ³ڱ
һɲǣ³ܣӰãսֳӴɽ͵Ӱɽ֮䣬˸ۺأȻޱȡ
ȻЩֻɲǣ㻯ΪһƬԷ籩ǰȻȥĴб

ֻһĲҽУʳܶѪǣһжûܽסѪ³ʮԶͬΧʳҲһɳȥ
ôܣ
Զ˹һĻв¶Ȼɫ
Ǽɱȥܶܶ˹ǳ˽ǵʵȻڴʳ㲻ǿҲԲڴƵһЩ۹󽫡һȻնɱˣֱ˼顣
ͻ
ͻ
ͻ

ǰ³ȷˣһٸɵʳ⽫죬ϴʿһţ磬³ǰɱȥ
飬һҵײУ϶ֱ޵У֮һʳ׷׹ǶϽۣ·߷ݰ㱻ײɳȥ
󷽣͸֥˿һĻ΢΢˵ͷ
³Ȼʦ꣬ϸǾս£λ۹Ĵ󶼻󽫾ɱδϡ׼ȷ˵Ƶıݷ꣬һʵԽҲԽ¡
ϣ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬³϶ͻͽʱһ࣬ս˻˼˳ͥҲͻȻʱˡ
ϣһɲǣ˼˳϶ּͻȻûȴʳӦǾѾɱʳ׵ľ룬һһ·ͣͻ
˵³صܹץסԷҲԼᣬô˼˳ıͥڷһܹչޣòϱ仯󷨣Ҵһչһˣʹǰңͬʱʹ޷ɱ
˼˳û³ôǿսսó̶ȿ±³Ҫǿ١
³ǿս˼˳󽫣۶ã۹Уûжܹ
Х忴ҲնѸɱİ˼˳Ҳ˵ͷ
۹ĸ󽫾ÿ˶ԼĶ֮еóսеóԸҲóͬʱҲͬ޴󽫰˼رóѵµıԶĴ󽫾
ɱ
Ϊ˴ƣ

¡¡𶯣³Ͱ˼˳Դһ֧һһң磬ǰɱȥ̶ֻʱ䣬ʳ˫λ۹󽫳䴩һΪ
쵰
һĻ˹ҧгݣɫޱȡ
ʳսǿڸ˽֪ʵڵһӲӲĽУʳȻЩͽֱǳ衣
ϣ˸һϣ׳ǣ
˹˫Ŀͨ죬Էڸߺ󣬹ҲͰˣ뿪أ£ʳɱô䣬ֱ޷ܡ
¡¡
ս¡¡˷еĴʳ˰ӿȣӸλ϶ͱͥҵĽ˻ҽһƬ
Ȼܴʳγɱʼն޷϶ͱͥķߡ
ԶԶأĴ֮УЩʳǰͺ̵ĳɱȥ塢á֥ǰ˼ɫƽɫû˿
ҲͰˣռƵ£ƵĴ󶼻󽫾άƵԳԽκε۹κζ֣˵廹Ƕ䱸˽ӽʮıⷽ棬ʳ˸ռơ
ʳ˱ǿȴóսٻ޷ʹȣȥûʲôУʮʳˡƾʮǵķߣǳ˵Σ
ڸߺһʶգ֥ͻȻڵվŷⳣ壬ұǳǧϯԪˣⳡսһֱڹעǰ
ΪƵĵ۹֮赣ֱ֥Զˣǰμ֮ȻĿǰΪֹ³Ͱ˼˳ֻ䴩Է˫˹ǱߴδʧоҲȻȹ̣вٵıڴǰ͸޾ţǰƵķߡ
Ƕڸִ֥ƶĵ۹˵ʳʵѾˡ
ӿǰȫףڰϣһƺ˼ʲôԶ̫ٱͬĿǰڹ۲ʲô
Щԣ
Ŀӹʳ󷽲ɽĹ̫ףԺѹѹһƬû˿ֶĴʳӣüͷһȻڵ
ͬʱһͻȻоʲô֥ͬ˼̧ͷС


1840 еսϣ
ণ
ʯ䣬һ߿ļХ̶ޱȣƺҪ˵ĶĤӶĴʳ󷽴
һ̣Хӿ𺳵ĿУһһƬİӰͬư㣬ԼٶȳŴض
ʲô
ôô޴Ĵ񣿡
ԣˣ
Сģ

˵ĿУʳӪغ󷽣˶ĴХţ׳磬ԼٶȳŴƵķ߶
񡭡Ĵ
ǴơʳǶͻʣ߾Сÿһ˴ȸϢ£ӥȸóӥȸĽܳ˲ţרŵӥСӡ
ʹõӥȸСȸֻӤȭͷСӥ˫ſչܴﵽһ׶࣬侪ˡ
Щӥȸٴչٳ岿ȴܴҲᳬ룬Ҳ൱һֻèˡ
УӴʳӪзɳȺͱȳ˻չǴﵽ֮ͬһֻֻзеް㡣
ǵò׶ɫ˵ĸоͬ˳Сľ޾š
ΪǣЩϾȻ˺ĺɫؼףȫҪλȫ
⵽ʲô
Щ񡱣ɫ𶯣֥¶Ȼɫ
棬ԴʳսΪḻ֮ǰҲδĹ
ǣÿһֻй޵ı϶һʳˡ
Сģж
ʱһ󽹼գ²վڴ֮УȻ
Ϊеͳ죬²õĿԶˣЩĲס
Ϊ˴ʳ
ʹȫɱЩͽ


һʳĽ쳹գȺķٶȼ죬ֻգ۵ʱ䣬Խսִ˴ӪϿա
䣡
Ÿոշɵ֣һ޴ġܼ꣬
ãȼյ
ʯ䣬һͷӹԺƮһ˿ϤϢ²ɫˡ
ʱһ޴ġ򡱴ӿ׹䣬һ߸ߵĸǽϣ͵رը˲仯ΪһƬܵĻ棬ȼ
һźţġ򡱣ɰǧХŷ׷׹䣬һҵıըӪ֮һƬƬ𺣡
ЩһƤǴߣһɹŨĺ͡
ִʳΪԭ£˶ֶ֪ȼգҷǳңմʲôף䵽棬ܵȼգҺϨ𣬳ɳ񣬸ûʲôõİ취
Сģ
Щ׹Ļ˷׷
䣡
Ǳܵģһǿ˿еЩ飬ֻһը죬ըѣڰоȼ
ңը֮Ũĺͽ俪ǵķΧӵĹ󣬿ͺһƬ𺣣ڿȼһ㡣
һɲǣ·ȼŨߡ
޴
ԶӴξޱϣ̫촽΢ӹһ˿ĺâ
ʳʢͣǵһƣͺƵĳһЩͽΪͿ߽Ⲩ̫ˡȼգپһ
ҹĻɢǵ󣬶ֻĸ졣
ַĿо
ʱ򣬵ʯ䣬²õ쳹Ӫֻһ²ٶɵַ׷׳֣׼˿еľ
ͣ
ֻһдѪɲǼãã纣ļʸ˿еľţһͷͷڿеľ׹ʱЩϺصĿֳص׸еҪǻǣ޷ЩǿľԵ˺Ҫ߰˸ʮܹһͷ
һĻ²öһʳбܽЩţͶֻ𺣡
Ȼһδƽһ𣬺䣬ֻһ죬©ƫҹ꣬ھŷͶʱ򣬴󷽣û˿ףȻ֮𶯣û˷Ӧѣһ¶¸ߴĸǽͻȻһɹԵµľգʮɸߡ

ֻһ춯ص˻𣬾˺ȻĿУһͷֱ߰ףɳ棬ȴӴǿ׳ٱҿгһȦȦݵĹޣȻƵصףӵ³˳

Ƽʿֲ˴ףһȥ
䣡
һлֻǿʼڲԶĵطѿǽգ֮ͷ޴ɳӵص׳˳
ЩɳĵףһޱȣܵĸǽԶԶ˦޷ѡĸ֮ǵصȫǼӲʯ޷ͻƣЩӲʯЩɳ˵ֱཬһ㡣
䣬һͷһͷɳ治ϵĳЩɳ;ϣƵоʱһƬҡ
䣡
ͻȻƷ棬һХţ֮ѸЩɳ棬Ȼ𺳵鷢ˣƵÿһǾеľһʯͷ䴩
Ȼоɳ棬ȴȫˡЩɳƤܶͣͬʱ־ž˵ĵԣȫͺβǡ
¡¡Щص׵Ĺﲢûֻͣһգۣٴγص֮УʧֻһĴ󶴡ٴʱһط
Сģ
һĻ֥˼˶΢΢ɫʳ˵ľ޾źöԸͳʮնɱߣͿԶԸֹǣЩɳĵص׹ûʤֹǲϵĳ´ķ߶Ƕױ

ХԶž̫׺ʹ˾һǰһ󣬴εľޱϣһĻ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
Ͷ͵ľӺ͵صľɳ棬ǹ̫׺ʹ˾֮ĵһ֣ϲǰľ޾źͶʮʳѾַЧԴƵӪɻҡ
ھͿǱӦˡ

¡¡
ʯɼЩص׵ľɳûеĴʳŲ¡򡱣ƵӪڼʱͻȻ֮һ侲쳹ء
ҵӣص׵ľɳ潻ǣ
ӥӥȸţɵеľ񣡡

ƽ侲һɽ֮еĹ̶һ㣬˿ĸ顣
ˣ
ڴҵʱƵӪѸٰκΣֻҪڴƵľ˵͵ڳ˶һ㣬ûκֵõĵ顣


1841 еս£

ʯ֮䣬дͨҵ
ϣû˷Ӧҵһ£ʱҵף˺ؼ֮С飬Ǳ£ҵ˫ֳֽ󲽳ЩɳûĵطȥһƬĿӶΧ޽أͣ
ڲԶɱӡԷ糾Լһʥ侳Ķ֣ͬźĿף˫Ƭǵһ⣬ȫȸҲӵмӴķ

ڴʱزӲʯ棬ѵʯͬɸû˷Ӧ˾η˻Уһͷ޴ɳ棬Ƥͬʯ壬ͻȻ֮٣ҵĳ˳
Ǹ޴ͷΪڵ£Ѿû۶ڱǣֻһſģڵ⣬Ϊʮ㣬ݵľ޳ݡ
ЩݷޱȣޱȣڸոյƬ̣ѾмƵļʿЩ޴ĵصɳ棬Ӧ˵ǵصɳ̳ԣǵ׶һȦȦݵļѹš黨
սʿڸոձ̵ɲǾѾˡ
䣡
ͷ޴ɳӵص׳ɲǣͨҵͻȻһȻ˫ֳֽǱȸֺؽͬһڵ㣬͵뵽ͷ޴ɳ泤ݵĿǻ֮УѸٵʧС
𣬶ͬʱͷ޴ɳҵ֮󣬳棬ڿһۣȻ¡¡һ棬Ѹٵʧڵϡ
ҵͷɳʧ֮󲻾ãӡԷ糾еֳؽûκԥҵ֮編ƣ׷û뵽һͷͷ޴ɳڣ̳֮󣬺¡¡Ѹû뵽˵صס
һĻԶ˹ֵ˶׷üͷ
ȻһлԶûн
ԶԶģĺ󷽣һȫװĲ䴣һǾػǧֵľ޴ľ䣬ʼûв뵽ս֮УҲûκҪĶ
һ˲ƺյЩ˹ͻȻ֮Щ޴ľ˹ȥ
ϣ
һ޴Ĵʯ沼˻ƣ͵𣬾ٵø߸ߵģȻ£ľϵϣĻ𻨣žһ۱顣Щÿ֮һ죬Ѹƿסľ䡣

ľǴ򿪵ɲǣһ߿ԵļХȸľзɳǵءǧǧһһɲǣӥȸһ㣬ڱա
һǣ˵ǴʳˣߺĴƾӶ𶯣ûϵЩ󷽵ľھȻôȸ
֮ҡ߾ӥʯ롢ѵ˴ӥȸƾЩӥȸϵľƣƿƾʦĿȨûа취Ϣݳȥ
ʯЩӥȸȻҲΪӥУұ⴦սǰߡ
ণ
ݶļХУӥȸɽ㣬зţһߣѸٵĳŶľȥ
ǧɵľһζֻʱ䣬գƵӥȸ˸ϿЩʳľţҽΧס
ӥָ£еӥȸ׺ޱȣ׷žˡġץȡ߾ȫȥ
Сģ
ǣ
ЩӥȸצйŹ֣Сģ

Ϯͻʼʱ򣬾ϵĴʳ˻Ϊ⣬Ǻܿ죬˾ͷЩȸԶֹǴһЩô򵥣ЩƷɹӥȸ졢צȫ˸ŷĽ⡣
𣡡
УĽצһץʶץһͷ޴ӥһ̣ʮֻӥȸ˷Х˻Űеľ
ͣһͷһģֱھһѪǺĺɫ׾ȻҲֵסķ·ֽһ㡣
ȸ֣
һĻϣһʳɫɫʱò԰ޱȡ
ȫ䱸ؼףЩؼ׶ԴʳĽֶͳɣΪ˷ϿֵĹŸͲܵв
ЩеӥȸһץһģؼǴƬĽ˺֪ܾ߱ЧģֻλƵȸ
Ⱥӥȸ⣬оŵļʿɫˡ
ণ
һХ쳹գֻʱ䣬ľзɳӥȸԽԽֻ࣬ǾͬǱϵĴʳʿҲȫӥȸĹ֮С
һؼײϵıӥȸ˺ŵĹֳܿЧ

ʱ䣬ӥȸĹ£һͷĸһ޴ĸӰ׹¡һڵϣʯƬͳ׹֮󣬾ѸֳƬûзĲλ
ণ
һ̣û˿ԥֻʮͷӥȸһӵϣĻצ˺ѸͷĳһѪѪֱðӶ˳
ֻһХĺɫë䡣˵ĿУͷȳܲסűϵĴʳʿţбֱ׹䣬¡һڵϣ̳
еһͷеڶͷͷǵصȸ񹥻£ʳŵĴԽԽΣգϴƾӵľûˡ
һｵһү˵ģǻûЩ޵ȴûжԸЩ޵ķ
ϣһɫĸߺӥһɫۣƮƮգһ
˹֮ս֮ңգĽѾԽԽΪսӥȸ֮ɱѳΪ̬
ƷȻûϵЩţȴ׼֧Ըվӥȸ
ȸּΪ󣬾Ҳֻװһ֧ѣӥҪ̫࣬ÿһֻӥȸǺ໹ӥֻ˵һȸ֡
ӥȸĹʽǳ⣬ټϼצĲ˶ȸ֣һȸֽװӥȸٿװǧֻӥȸҲʹӥȸӥȸΪܡ
ӥ֮Уһ֧װȸӥȸţҴﵽ֮࣬һ϶֣ܶѵӥջж٣ҡֻΨһûϵǣ֧ӥȸûȶϴʳ˵Ⱥ֧ǿľײˡ
пХо׹䣬ӥͬʧеľѾңҸı乥Ŀ꣬רĶԸãã纣ӥȸ
ȥ
ʱԶξޱϣ̫ͫһͻȻ
̫׵£ͼϣһ̽ԵĹɳȥ֮󣬹̫׾ɲӣû壬ҲûбҪԶϿյǳսȴʹù̫ײòԼĹ
ӥȸѾľȫûȻʱܼ֣ûг̫ȥֻǳ飬ҲѾȫʧȥɳ֧ŵ塣
ণ
Ź̫׵һֻֻʳХţ֮һ㣬ԶĴʳӪ󷽳ѸȺսĵطӶȥ


1842 ɳȺ
ЩʳһͣȻ޷ԵĴƾвȴܶȺƵӥȸѹγЧĹ
飡
̶̵ֻʱ䣬Щͳ֮УʹƵӥȸҵĲ˫˫սһ
ʦʳ˵Ҳˣ
ʱһбɲﴫȸգǽš
ⳡսƱӥȸԶԶھţʳеȫɳ˾ͺռơʵϣӴ뵽ҵĿս֮УսϵľڳһķתҲʼֲٵˡ
ҾűϵĴʳʿҲڻ䵶ȫȥƷӥȸŶԾŵǯЧǳޡ
ȥıĿ꣬ӥȸȫϵ򣡡
ϣӥ˫֣ͻȻ˵ˡһֱ̧ͷգһɲǣжӹһ˿ǵĹâ
ˣ
ӥսϵѸٷ仯ԭڷ񹥻ʹʳʿӥȸں׵£ͻȻı˹Ŀꡣ
䣡
һͷͻȻ˫һգʱһ㣬Ӹߵĵط˶£Ѹٻ˾һųġ򡱡
ھҵĳ£ʳϵͻȻ飬һƻڲѸٵȼݱһҵıըϵĵڶţţĿšеȫ
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬û˷Ӧżҵѳͷ˶ľͬϵĴʳʿѸٻΪһžҵĻ򣬲ǿҵĻͱըʮͷûС

ֻһĲҽУͷŵսʿɻңȼŵĲкķѣ׹
ֻһ⼸ͷԭҪܳʱľôˡ
Сģɢ
ͣҪǿ

ǰһͷϣһŵľٿһĻվ
ԶԶʧϣ죬дʳܶ͸ܶһĻһ𶯣׷ɫ䡣
ʱ˿̣ΣյģǰľսʿЩԭԸ·ϵĴƾӣȴ׷õԼϣӥȸۼΧھǲܲˣӳȥҲûлˡ
ƵӥȸУѾȫɳȥĿռ䡣
䣡
ܼıըһһֻƬ̣һһľ޴ҵıըÿһŻһȼյ̫ޱߵϯķĿޱȡ
ӥսԱ仯ʹյսۿɼת䣬̶ʱڣ԰ټƵľսʿڱըɥԾ˵ٶӡ
ѻ͵׳ȥԸЩӥȸ
ıϣһʳսʿ־ŭ׷״ͬʱеݺȥһҵıըʮͷӥȸûˤļսʿͬУˤ䡣
ϣӥһĻɫ䣬˿޶ԡδӥȸƣоų϶֮ҵջ񣬲ܴʳɱ٣ӥ˵ۡ
֧ӥȸģȸǿצӥȸ˶٣ӥаܹºѸٲ
ӥȸڶӥȸŵĹеľܿȶŵҲԾ˵ٶȼ٣ŵַĹŵвܿ챻Ρ
䣬һҵĻⱬըһͷҽţӿ׹䡣
ϣúͰ˼ջĿ⣬˵ĿⲻźۼӹԶŰڣĿǰһ壬з
Ȼ̫ٱһεĴս񣬵λ磬ԺգǺ֮仹ǵһκսĺܶҲֹڴ˵
ͬ޴󽫾˼Ȼ˹֮սʱɳµͽ޲TԼǧ˵ͬսºҲŲ˵һսպͲпᣬǰ˼Լȴûȥģ˽ܶҲһε֮ңһβͬʵΣµЩսȴ˼ӡ
սɱʵȻҪҪĻǿжսͽǽжһͳ˧Ҫ׼ϾΪͳ˧ܶҪͨµսȥɡ
ոһɲ˿ڷ¼򵥵֮ʣµһмĲɡ
Щ˲ֻǼ򵥵ѭܹսͨĿǰʵķ룬֡
һͳ˧˵ǡǡҪġ
ܣһѣᣬȴѾӵһ֧ݻսţǡǡġ
䣡
Ȼû˶룬ܿһը˵ĸ֪Уµĵ漱𣬰һ˵ھ뼸˰ɿĵطѣ޴ʯصһӴײգ漴һͷ޴ɳ¡¡ӵص˳
ˣ
ΧһƼʿһĻһ׷ȥ˶ֵ֪ĵص׾Ƥ˵ĹǸûʲôЧֵص׹ҧУֻ·һ
ûΧĴƼʿ˳Զ˺ܿͷ˲һĵط
ͣ
һȳīɫҺȻͷ޴ɳĿгʮ֮ߣһ̣һطĽӾ޴ɳıƤ´̳ȻӳȻ˺ѿ
ƬճĲ֪໹ҺĶ˳ͬһʱ䣬һ׳˶ӰؼףץǱ˶ȸ־޽ɳ˳һڵϡ
ͷ޴ĳɳ淢һʵļУصĵûܹصס
ϣ
Ӿ޴ɳ׳˶ӰȻ֣ͬʱŨҺ

ҵϤףΧһƵļʿܲѣЩûǹľ޴ɳ棬Ȼôͱˣֱ˼顣
Ȼҵɫûˣ˫һգǱ޽Ѹٵһطȥ
Щ޴ɳǳǿѶԸҵܾȫҲײɱһͷǴĿɱȥ»ҪԶԸ
ΣҪӿٶȣЩ޴ɳ档
䣬һıըӵص״ҵ˳ɱһͷɳ棬ҳһͷɳȥʱӣԷ糾Ҳܿ촫˶ֻȴǴӵصġ
һҵıըһɹīɫҺһڶĿ¶ʮ׸ߣصһͷͷ޴ɳϢѸٵʧ
˵Ĺ£Щصɳܿ챻ס
ûЩصɳĸź͹ƵľӺܿȶʮ̨ھ޴Ľ̨ϵľͳҲܹоȫԸЩǰľ޾š
ϣϣϣ
ùЩޣٶȣ޸Щǽ
ģأʮʱ䣬ƴٶ¸ǽ
׼ֻк̵ܶʱ䣬֮ˣ
Ӻ󷽽ģľ䣬ʱûʲôʱ򣡡

ھ޾ŵĹ£жεķڲϱΪֹǧ¸ǽЩ޻̤飬ɣˣʳĽȴԶûô˳
ƵĹԾ˵ٶ齨ǽαƻѡһط鲢ڸǽԭڵλãеһж赲ʳ˵ĽΪ
ǵĿĲǶԸޣȥ赲Щ޺˳ɱĴʳ


1843 ȫɱƽ죡
䣡
ڹ޵ʱһľХţϷӶǸʹõϵһʯɢ䣬ӹգܿصһͷξ޵Ķͷϡ
ĳźţǸ֮ʮűͷĻξ޷һʹ˻һɽ㣬صĵ˵ϣӴϼʮǽѹ
һͷͷͷ
һܿ죬ԽԽľ޵˵ϡ
Ʒ棬ЩӴľʱûкǽսѸȥʧ١
ΪֹʳѾʮ߰ͷޣĿࡣ
Ȼʱ˿̣սעĿĻЩޣǰս
ɱ
ɱ
һʹʳ쳹أǰ³Ͱ˼˳ŸԵı䴩˴ʳ˵˫֮ѸٺΧ˫ıܿںһ
̣³Ͱ˼˳û˿Ĺͨͽ
Ϊ۹ԺյĴ󽫣˵۽ʶͱ趼Զˣ̤սһԺоѾΣ֪ôȥˡ
ʳˣ
ߺһǿʶͻȻգ֥ǰͻȻڵ
һã˼΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
³Ͱ˼˳ƴʳ˵˫ʼ˾Ѿ֪ǵսͼ
зΧսϵĴɣĴʳͳ˧Ȼ֪
۱ָӣʳ˾ܹǿʢǺʹ֮仹вٵĲࡣ
ã
棬飬ãã纣ĴʳУ³Ͱ˼˳Χ˹ɫ䣬ڸоһ˿ֻϧѾˡ
ڸõոʱˣ
Щʳˣ
һǣ³Ͱ˼˳űΧĴʳӣ˫˫һ˿ĺâɱ֮˲վһû˿ԥͳ˧ŸԵ϶ͱͥŰΧȦڵĴʳ˷ȫĽ
ɱ
һɱضҡе϶ͱͥȫɱնɱʳˣʿ֮ǰȫͬն飬ĴʳŻʧ룬׷ľ׮㵹£ǵĿȫɱڵĴ
һЩʳĽţҪתͷɱȥȫǰĴʳɱȥ
ֹˣ϶ͱͥɺΧ֮󣬴ʳʧȥ㹻ĳ̿ռ䣬ʱҲ޷ӳӦе
ִģս֮УһΧ޷˳ǰ棬ͬʱû㹻ĳռ䣬Ͼ·һ磬ҲúͰ˼֥³Ͱ˼˳Χ֮жʳѾ˵ԭ

һĲҽ˷ΧȦеĴʳһƬңƬƬĴʳܲݰ׷ױո¡
Դ͵Ĺ˷׷ȥǺҲ飬ǽӰʳһƬҡ
սı³Ͱ˼˳ڵһϡ

һĲҽУʳɫǹŵսʿϵĵ£³϶뿪ߣʱȴûа֧߰ǧ˵Ĳߡ
ͣһط裬˳ŹؽڵĵطһȲնϣնɣ˳ɫǹս΢Сķ϶Ĳ˽ȥ
Щ϶Ĳ侫Գϵ´ɣ䣬֧϶ĽǧƵĴʳɫǹŵս׷׵£ˡ
󳵲ӣ߶Ȱʮߣ䣡
ʱһӴƸߺ󷽴ֻһĻԭѾֹͣĳͻȻ֮ٴһţһУļط׷бָǰ
飡
һ㣬û˷Ӧɽ׷ƿնȥһΣûɫǹŵɫ޶ܷʳûκܹ赲պɽƵ󳵾š
ۣһĻٴҫӹգһ̣һ죬飬Ѫ֣ųŵĴʳﱻ䴩ţ˴׷׵¡
ãСģ
ַˣ
ÿÿǰȫˣ
ˣ

־߰㣬ڴзɢһʳﾪֵ۾ͫеӳԶļꡣЩĴʳУоųϵ˸ûеڶһУ飬ֻĴ˵
ۼΪʵȴ飬ûۼȥţ
һΣЩ磬һԺԾӵĴʳһθо˷Ŀ־壬ЩĶÿһϵסռ룬ȫ޷ֹЩ
䣬Хһ֧ʳһؿڶĴ󶴣漴˴ֱͦͦĵ˵ϡ
һţţš̶ʱڣƴʳ߶ûһ׷׵£˻ҽﵹµڶһƬ
Զһɫĸǽպɽָӵ󳵾ȴģһЩ֮䣬һɽѰĿսϵµĴʳѸٵĴﵽһ˵ĵز
ǰǺˣڴʱĴʳ˵ֻ·һ
ƵĳΪһ飬ģ黯պɽ֮֮һı仯һˣһܳҪ˲ǵɱȴԶԶֹˣ򣬰ʮҲ޷˵󳵲ӵĸЧȡ
򣬰ʮһ򡭡
̶ʱڣʮʳ˾ʹﵽһ־ĵزãã纣յļ꣬һɲǣÿһʳжֳľ
޾ӻûбص׵ľɳ沿ӻûбյľҲûȫЩȷѾҪˡ
ǰһ̻ɽɱڣƲɵһȴžȥǰʬҰۻɽʬʬжıС׶ѻɽ纣ѪѪȵζ
ˣ
ǰⰢްһĻ˹ڸֳĿ־塣Ϊʥڹ̫µĺȷ棬˹Ӳ֪Ϊڣ˾˵ʧ°˹Ҳоһɹɵĺ⡣
ĵ۹ûдʳľޣҲûдʳôӴģӵгǿսţȴӵͬµո
˿ֲɱٲˣ´Ƶķ߲ƣǷȫûȫҲʱ򣬰˹ͻȻ˴Ƶսͼ
̫ЩͽˣһʼͲӦǳɹͻ˫ҹɺΧǱƵľӰȫΧ޷ˣ룬ǻάȣҲ˲ء
ڽ˸ȫƽ죡
ϣһݶĽ쳹ս˹ƥںڸߴĴʳϣһĳϵĴʳ䵶Ȼ׼˺Զ³Ͱ˼˳
һɲǣ˹ޱȣǰĴƳ͸ǾƲͻƵģֻѰ·Ǻ󳷣ҲֶܾأһҪЩĵ۹ۡ


1844 ֮ŭ
˹ʱҲ³Ͱ˼˳ⳡӴսĹؼҲ֧ͳ˧ֻҪܹɵǣضԶԶԷɼˡ
ͬʱҲܹΪɱһͨ
¡
Ű˹ս˻Χʣ߰ʳѸٵתͷı䷽򣬶ԶԶһܶܶҲ׷Ű˹ķ򿿽׼ͻƣͬʱɱ³Ͱ˼˳λƴ󽫡
ʱߣߵ𣿡
ڴʱһЦ˹Ǳ߲ŸոһΧܶܶûо£³Ͱ˼˳˶Էͼ
Ϊǿʱ˹־ۼͻΧĻᡣ
¡
³͵һսһɰͬ㱩
һĲҽУǰʮ׵ķΧڣʮʳ㣬˴˷ɳȥ¡һײں󷽵Ĵ֮УĻҡ
³кһȻһսһͨһȺ϶սͬһ㣬Ŵеİ˹ɱȥ
壡
ͬʱһ󱬺Աߴھ³ĵطϣս˻һƥİ׹ŷݶȥ˼˳һȺͥĺͬ磬³һŴеİ˹ɱȥ
˼˳³һһϣңԶ˴֮Ȼţȴδ˵Ǻˡ
ڶʹ¼˻Ϊ飬ԣ
ȻˣȴĬ޼ϣ֮˼˳ͱͥ֮ϻҪĬܡоƣԶİ˹Ҳ˲ɫ
ˣ
ɱǣ

Զ֮Уһʳܶܶ룬׷ǰŰ˹ķȥ
ֹˣоΣգһЩʳֱܶܶӴڿն𣬳Ű˹ķȥ
˹ǴʥµĺҲȷӵָӣսͻ᲻սӱɽ
ЩʳܶܶķӦѾܿˣֻϧ³Ͱ˼˳ӷһ𣬾ѾЩʳܶܶķӦͲǼϵʱ䡣
׻죡
ɽӷ籩

ʯ䣬ֻһȣ³ͻȻһɾɱͬһʱ䣬һɰģ纣ը
˵ĿУ³ͻȻʧȡ֮һͷ޴ĵ׻Ľһڣʮ׸ߵȻΪһ׹⣬Ծ˵ٶȳŰ˹ȥ
׻ΧŤһƬǿҵɱʵʣ·һаӹգһĿպۡ
䣡
ͬһʱ䣬ͥ󶼻һᣬ˵Ϣ䣬ƺƵԵͬٲԾ˵Ű˹ȥ
һĻ˹ҲͫҲһе˼Σաֻһ˲˹ͻָָһǽ졣
ͽҾ޻أ
Ϊʳպȷ󽫣ʥڹ̫µĵս˹һ֪¾˶ٴʳĶ֣µĺһ̤㶫һЩĴ󽫣սˣôܣ
䣬һŨҵɱʵʣӰ˹ޱ޼ʣƿն
֮ŭ
ʯ䣬ֻһȣ˹ޱ޼ʱֻת˲֮䣬˵ĿУ˹ʧȡ֮һͷβɽһĵħ
ɣʳ¼֮УߵʮħͬʱҲǲٿ֮
䣡
˹ʩչɻ˲ϢΧΪ棬Ϊʥµȷ󽫣³Ͱ˼˳ĹûкˣЮŹ棬ԷϺ֮ƣ˹ȥ
һɲǣ죬·ˣðŨ̡
ɣ΢ͽ
˹쳹أֻϧʵǿǵ͹˵۹ͻ³ͱͥ󶼻˼˳
ʮɣʮɣʮɡ
˫ԽԽȻ಻ʮɣҪײǰɲǣ䣬û˿ף³Ͱ˼˳ͻȻ֮䱩һڲصǲ׵ı
˵ʵԭѾǳǿ󣬵ʱ򣬾Ȼٳ߸ͷһӱһء
ʲô
ǰأһأӿֲˣ˹ıɫ
˵ԭˣһϸ£¹˭ֻδ֪Ļôڣ˵ʵѾȫԽһʤĿܡ
޳ܣ
˹ɫһףףһʼһף˹Ըʹʧȥϣ
¡¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬³Ͱ˼˳ϣĬ޼䣬ֻһͱ˰˹İɻǾ޴βħڴλ۹󽫵Ĺ˲ҵıը
¡
ʯ䣬ĺâӰ˹Ĳһ̣³Ͱ˼˳һһңڰ˹ĺ󷽡
Хӿս˲䰲
³˼˳˹սһΧʮڿһˣֻк˵ʬ
ҵĶսУΧʮɵıըΧڻ˴
ˣ
Ű˹һıӰ˷һʳܶܶͻȻ֮·ʶʲôһɫ԰ףв䲻ĸо
ݣ
˷һʳһҲ룬Ű˹ȥȻǻûݳԶһ̣𺳵ĿУͣһѪ߳ڰ˹Ĳ䣬漴Ѫ
飬ֻ˹ߴ󡢿࣬ɽͰصڵϡ
ȥͬʱǿ˶ͷ­ҲţļϷɳ֮Զ
ˣ
˹

һĻǧĴʳʿһһıޱȣˮףԶӪǰĹ̫ɫҲޱȡ
˹ȷ󽫣ȻսսʿĹޣܹΪ۹Źдʳʿҫ̫Ҳµǰ˹ȴڴС
ǵһ̽ԵĹһսǹ̫Ԥе¡
ߣŸɵһԶԶ
ɱǣһ
Զս룬³͵һսͬʱȥϵѪ
ʳ˻𾪰˹ս³ʹƽʿȴᡣ˹һΧߴʳ˵ʱ
ɱ
λսϽľƣ˷϶ͱͥ׷磬ѾҺͿ־Ĵʳӳɱȥ
飬һײɱп־ľһƬʳ˱ɽȻʣѾȫɾ


1845 Χһ
ţ
Զպɽɫ䣬ûз˿ᣬպɽ󳵲ӽнһոĿǱ䴩ʬ
ˣˣ
սУеĴʳʿѾȫɥʧս־ȥʮʳȷһʣЩȫڴˡ
أ
ʱһĺŽͻȻԶĴӪ
̫´˺󳷵еĴʳ޶־޾šţԼɳ沿ӣʱ׷ȥ
д֮У޾ջͬʱҲǴʳоΨһȡóɹĶ顣оĸ߱ǳ˰֮ԶٻǧƵĸǽͳ󶼱ٻһܣʱ˿̣ɽƵþ޾Ҳòˡ
䣡
еĴʳˣЩɽͰľҲʼת򣬳ԶȥӪжȻһ춯صĻдƴ
ʳĵһս˵ǳҪʳ˶ʮӣо޾ššɳ沿ӡ
£ͷֻλʮҲֻ֮һûжǸ޴ʤ
ɱ
Ҫˣ
Ʒ磬׷׿ʼ׷ЩܵĴʳ;ޣַҲ뵽УȣеĴʳӡ
ˣƻ׷ɱȥĻᱻȫߣҪҪɴӦ
߸ߵľޱϣһʳ佫վڹ̫ԶսͻȻڵ
̫û˵ֻעԶ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ͬʱӪС
³ˣ󶼻û⣬ʳǱҪɴӦˣΧһһͨɣ
ԣʱ崣ϣһǿʶգ³˼˳˵ʶһ
ǺǣͰ˵ģǼ
³
Ͱ˼˳ֲһŴеĴʳȷȫУոһ³ԺȷʵҪЩʳȫ뷨Ȼܿ죬ͷͷ
š
Զ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ΧһǱеĳʶһѶڰΧȦһͨöߡ⵹ʲôģǡǡ෴Ϊ˸̶ȵо
޵Է˵ṷǽƴǰԴɾ޴ʧȻһͨԷͻᶷ־ȫޣø죬ͬʱҲβ׷ɱڽһ˺ͬʱС
ӣ
϶ͱͥİΧгһ˿϶ԭ׼ƴһĴʳͺ񿴵ݰ㣬׷׳ǵȱڣƴȥȫ˷Ĺ
£ʳ˵˳̶Ƚһӡ
ԶԭѾɳԮ׼ӦĹ̫ףһĻҲüͷʿ̫죬вٱͨȱӳԮȥѾޱҪ
ȥֹ֧ͣԮ
̫׳ĬƬ̣´
ɱ
һ࣬³Ͱ˼˳Ĵ׷ɱһ󣬻ɱǧƵĴʳձظߡ
һҵսʹ˽
սֻʬĸǽѪζȳޱȡɣһ̶ļХԶǧ֮˹ͺնŵϢȺӣ
Ⲣ˹ѵӥݣҰͺգһȺȺѸٸϵս
ϣ˫ʼԼͬʰʿʬ׼ӭӵڶʱܱս
٣
һ¶¸ǽͻȻڵԣ³˼˳á˼֥ͷȫۼһ
սսȵʱ
˲󣬾޾ǧˣ⣬϶ͱͥ䴩ʳ˫ʱ򣬴Լʧǧⳡսܹʧھǧң
λ۹󽫾Ѧǧڵ˺ʮļսڵѦǧѪѾ̥ǣǰͬն
ѦǧĻͷڣ΢ɲĵ˵ͷѦǧеʧˣǧ˿٣ûôء
ʳأ
һȴÿڡ
ʱ޷ͳƣսԷڶʮϡ
ȸڵ
µĳȫȸͳ˧ȸ书Ȼߣڸͼ㷽ȴΪó
ȸĻͷڣ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ǧԶʮսѾﵽһȶʮսȼ˼飬Ƕ³Ͱ˼˳˵ҲһΪ˵֡
˶֪ܳսؼأ彨ЩߣԼպɽƵ󳵲ӡ
ûĸߣ³Ͱ˼˳ɵĳ䴩Է˫սȻƼң˶֪սҪɱ˻պɽ󳵲ӣ϶ͱͥɱ˲ûпȥôˡ
󳵲һУؿھһ󶴣Դʳ٣󲿷ֶս
壬ô죿
ʱ򣬸֥ͻȻڵһԵ塣
ʧʮӣڴʳҲֻǱˮн˿ûжҡĸԷڣ½һս
ʱҲڵȻûг󣬲սɳΪ䣬ᶨսɣǾ߱һı衣
û˵ֻ̧ͷһաӿʼڣ˫ѾɱʱҲʱң˫ĹģʱԶԶһսʱ䡣
ʱżһʧʳֻǸżҼӹ̷ߣ׼һս
忴Զڵ

ʮͷޣʮͷʧе󰡣
ԶԶģޱϣӿ˾վڹ̫׵ԣͻȻڵѵһ˿
ʮͷɽͰľޣ£ٳ׾ٵ£ȴȫ˵һ㲻ϸҶȵսС´˾˾޾ŵЩʧľ޻һЩʱ䣬ɿڴ˾˵ȻǸСˡ
ֻڶųֵ
һ̫࣬Ȼɱƽһ˫üͷȴ΢ɲ
˾쵼͵۹Ѿĺʱ䣬ʳսķʱǿĶ־ͻ޾ţѾĬϵĴͳִͳǡǡʹ˾֮ꡣ
һζ̫Ѿռ˴ϣȡϴξ޾ڶꪳɳĽѵΪ˾ľ޾䱸ľ֣ؼף󷨣ͷ­ĸؼ֮С
չ̫׵룬ķѾ£ƷӦúѶԾ޾ɿٶЧ˺ֻϧ̫׻ǵ͹˴Ʒľͳ;նɱߡ
׼ıĻҪְ
˾ĵӶߴһԵζ


1846 ؾ޶
һɲǣ̫׵жʱӹһ˿ֻһ˲̫׾ͻָ
ֻʧ˶ʮӶѣı䲻ⳡս֣Ҳ޷ıˣ׼˶٣նֻ·һ
̫׵
ˣս·˹Ǽ׼ڵˣ
̫ͻȻعͷһսĸս
شˣոյϢǼѾ˴Ǹΰã
·˹ϥ£
̫ⷬüͷһתķ򡣾һԵĴ˾Ȼʲô飬һɲϵĺɫ۶Ҳ͹̫һԶ
ڴƽߴһɽͰӴӰһУƶϸȥǺȻһʮɸߵͭ޶޶صĻƣ°װʮԾͭһͷͷؼ׵ĽվƶţŴʳ˵Ļػ
ϣ
Զս˻ͷ޶֮Ĵʳսͺܵ޴ľһϵʿֻܲʺˣԭľʱһƬҡ
ֹˣЩƶ޶ĽվˣһҲ죬ƶʱƺҲʹܼʹࡣ
𣡡
һӾ޶͸޾ıŰɱ¾һΣܵĴʳﶼʼɫȥԶ޶
һĻޱϣ̫׵ȴӹһ˿˵⣬ͬһԵĴ˾΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ȻǼѾôⲻ˻ˡ
ЩҲֻڹӲдˣվⲻˡ
޶ߴһرأʮλܶܣûҵˣκ˶Ͻ
̫ɫ䣬˿
ǣ
·˹ԣһæ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬·˹ܿת뿪˾ޱʧԶ
أ
һĺŽеĴʳãã纣ޱ޼ʣԶȥ
ͬһʱ䣬һ֧ʳЮһɫ鲼գѸ˴Ƶĸߺ
ߺһѸ֧͵˺󷽴ļλ۹С
Ǻǣʳ˷ϢԼս
ǧɨһϵݣ̧ܿͷˣڵ
ǣȻˣǾԸɣ
󷽵Ĵ֮У΢΢Ц
á˼֥³Ҳ΢΢˵ͷ
ڴڷһĸƾʱǲüźͶԷս
һս֮󣬴Ϣ޲ǽҲҪʱ䡣
ˣ
Ʒ棬սͨ쳹أձҲǶԴʳĻӦܿ죬ģ³˼˳Ѹʰӣսˣ˱ơ
á˼֥ҲԼľӣȻûвһսҲûʲô˶֪ܿһսҲڴ֮ǰóֵ׼
飬ӿٶȣʱ䲻ˣҹ֮ǰ뽫еĳǽ޲ɣ
ˮ׼ٶ޲Σǽ

ս࣬ʱæµľ֮쵼Ĺˮ顣ѾǴĶ칤㽫߰ǧսʿ뵽飬ѾЩںĹˡ
ˮ顭
һµı仯ں;޾ŵսУɼƻЩطѾʺǽһ㣬߾ͻòܻܿᱻԷãǰߴܵѹ
巢Щˮ࣬Ȼʼ·ģּ֣֮ȫս޲ھ޳ȫƻĵΡ
⣬ʹּҲʹǽ͵֮ĽӴλԽ̡
ܿææµµʱĿһתûлص󷽵ĸ֮ǣǶһתԶһͷɽͰϬξ޵ʬ۳Ҷȥ
ͻȻľٶҵպɽѦǧ˵ע⡣
ߣϴˣ
һܿ׷ȥ
Զӿͷǰһͣ½Ų
ϣϬξѪʶܵĵγһƬѪЩӴľ޼ǰӵǿǿ֮ҲֻһѸѡ
ͣ
кһһ̣û˿ףһĽƿննͷϬξ޵ͷ­ͣ޵ͷ­ֿ¶һƬһƬ׵֯
󷽣ҵպɽѦǧ˭Ҳ֪ʲôеɻûгܾãһֻ̣崣ϣָһ죬Ϭξʿ֯УһϸСĶƿ裬ѸٷС
һɲǣ˿һָ׸ǴС·ޱȵͭƬ
ʲô
ҵպɽǲ˶Ƕǿߣָ׸ǴСͭƬǳϣͷ
Ҫǣ֮ǰμӹ˹֮սǸʱľͷ­вûзֶֹ
һֹϵĽƣҲλʳ˾ƾ޵Ķ
嵭
ͷеͭƬָĦһ£˼ͭƬĸоǳ⣬һ΢ȴǳصȫͬڵκһ
ʳλںش˾ǿľž⡣
СģϵҲˡޣֶͲӦóϡʳλ˾̫ˡ
а
磬ɽͰ޵ĳʵ̫Ѱͻʡƣ˹ءگ֧ûּӵо޵ֻдʳѡ
ʳľȫλʳĴ˾
λصĴ˾еӡڴʳѾλͳ˧ļܸоóȥԼʦ־塢η𾴣ܡ
֮ǰǳս壬Ǵ˾кܴأûȫ֡
壬Ǵ˾ףոǳֻǰڵ̽ѣ˫֮仹ʽֵʱȻҪԭǣڳΣȷʵ޷ƾ֮󣬺ʹ˾֮սѾûбҪ
֮취ӦԽļս
֮нֵʱһŪϵܣ
öͭƬһ۴ʳԲݵķ򣬵תͷܿ뿪ˡ
뿪ʱԶԶģǶͻʴԭϣҰҡҷʸϿŸ֮ǵķֱʱŻջĿ⡣
벻һӮþȻǴƣҼʤûʲôˣ
ʸϳһеļѡ
սѾǶʸ˵һս𺳺ͳºܾöȥ
һսȻ˫̽Եģûгȫû㳲ǵ͹ģҶȣѾԽ˾ųͻʺʹƵսǿȣ˫˵ȴֻǿʼѡ
ʸӡ̵ģǴͷʷǰϺͳ֡
壬Ӧýݴ󶼻ϴ󶼻³ͥ󶼻˼˳ս³۹ս̫ٱáͬ޴󽫾˼ЩÿһǶһľͷһøɵٴУȴȫۼڴˡ
ͷôû֪³Ͱ˼˳ֵĽ˶ˡ


1847 ҹᣡ
һս֮Ӧÿһ´ƺʹʳˣ۹̫ǿˡرǴƣ̫ˣҺô꣬ƺеĴȫɢȥĻǾһ𣬻ĸ۹Եֵ
һɲǣʸϺҲ
ô꣬һֱΪԼԺʹƽƽڿֻǻˡ
дƵ۹λʥʾ棬ҲֻǾѣʵһ㡣
ݣ
ЩͷԺзӶʸ͵һתѸٳŲԭɳ۶ȥһսϵشѾʳȥɳ޿ɺԼͻʵú顣
գ
ʸʧͬʱһϢ磬ɽ纣ӰҲϢ뿪ˡ
һսͬҪú

ʱ仺ȥ֪ҹĻܿ콵٣ܰսѾĻǶ˵һвŸոտʼ
ݣ
򣬴ʳ˵Ӫ֮еƻأһƬͨ
ҹɫٵɲǣֻһĺŽ漴ڹ̳֮УƵĴʳֳֻѣһӪб۶ȥɢ˷
һشػѣȼգܿ˴ʳӪΧʮķΧ
ڰУĴʳΧŴʳ˵ӪأͣıۣѲܡ
ণ
ͬһʱ䣬УһǧĴʳ𣬷գڴʳӪصϿѲɨеĶ
ڰУһ㲻ѰĶѸע⣬Ѹٵľۼ
ЩʳˡôܵĲãûһÿһ䡣ҪҹϮӪ͵ϮʳӪظͲܣ
ԶʳӪؼԶĵطһӰںڰУĬĬһĻļɵ
ʳ˵Ӫط̫ˣʮ֮ͻᱻ֣ҫøûǣҪϮӪͲܡ
ԹôĶ֣⻹ǵһӪо˽иɻĶ֡
ХڰУȸųûоκˣܿ뿪ˡ
ȸ뿪ͬʱһ֮࣬ǼԶĵطһȺϢޱȵĴʳͬĻʵ뿪ˡ
ҪҹϮʳʳֺγҹϮƣ
ֻǲŸոǰãû֮ǸͲòˡ
ণ
һļϵĴմһȺʳͷĿ飬ŵƵӥ񡢺ࡢӥ˹صͺաȸѹѹһƬûκμӵǡ
ڰ֮Χǲ˲֪ڡڡ
ںö㣬ȴѷ
ôһûн֮ǵΧǾѾͺüˣҪⲦȫǴʳ۹ĳμӹܱߵ֮սͱˡ
ˣһ·ҲΣأѾ˾֮
ʳѣȻˣͲҪߡԶǿͣǺúддɣ
˼ʱͻȻ֮һյԶԷƺȫûص˼ֱĳӴʳķ
ৣһȺʳľɫ䡣
ߣ
һȺҲ룬תͷѸٳԶȥʱһıըŴ̶ХԶۣһѪըһ̾Ϳһʳƺһҡ˼£ˤ
Сģ֣
һ˲䣬һȺʳľ˲ɫֵĿ侪ˣҹɫ֮УҲܿļԶ֮⣬һֻӷɹӲǵ۾
ҪǣԷļȻܹ͸ϵؼףȻֵʵǿ˼㡣
䣡
룬һ̣ӴʳľѸһɢգۼֳʮͬķݶȥǵĶ죬ҷǳ˲Ϣ˷ɢĶȻʵս鼫ḻ
һȺ˻ǵ͹ЩֵȻͷǵ٣ȴûеƣǵѡ
䣡
ʯ䣬ХһըϴӺ󷽴Щƥٶȼ죬ҹֻһϳİɫۣȻѸٵЩٱеĴʳ
飬һȺʳûӳԶӶˤڵϡ
һ䲻ݷ֮ʣһܹ࣬һ̴ȣͿµսһɫ֣̿æŲ·ݵʱ䣬Ѹٵܣʧããĺҹ֮С
ͷôһЩľȻҴǴƵĵ̣Ӧýȫɱ𣿡
ⳡսݶңֻͽˣڴʳʧ󲻾ãһѴƵӸ򣬻۶ЩĿѩֹȻǾĳ֣һȺ˾£֮ȴһ
Ǻǣȫɱˣ˭ȥţ˵ЩĻΪԼ߶ˣһСɣ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һῡʵЦţҹɫдֻƬ̵ʱͿһλĽףһ󹭣ȻӪͳ˧²á
ҹѲӱûӪµģ²ӧӪĸּ뵽Ѳ֮С
һ˵źܿһЩʳʬ壬Ȼܿ췭
ֵǣ۾ЩʳЩ֣ͽǣȻȥүϣеæˡ
²˵ⷬʱһԶʳӪصķƻԻͣڳ²õĸ֪УһǿϢɽ纣ȫۼһ
Щ쵰Ҳɣ
²ԺͷѸתʧҹɫС

ͬʱҹɫУԲεľ޴Թ̫׺ʹ˾Ϊģдʳܶܶۼһá
һսȻѾڵշԽĽţдʳĶ߲㶼ۼһš
Щͽеʵ̫ǿˣ˹ıԲЩǰҲȫֵסʮûмֶãͱ¾ˡ
ǵľţһγʵѾǵ÷ǳȫ棬ڳ֮ǰ۹Ķ⹤Ѿ׼˶ľؼףǸ߶ȣҲЧвǡǾҲʧˣûӦеЧ˳ɣ
ǰ˭뵽ǾȻ׼ôӥȸһǵ첿צ׼ȸһε˹֮սҷǵǵʱûôӥȸ
Ӧ׼ԸǵЩӥȸڣŻǷˣӢ֮أ
ʮֳ־޽ɱ޵Сӣ˵һֱ֮ôȫӰ죿׼Ȼ˳֣
޴ľ´У۹ʡܶۼһ۷׷ס
ոչȥһս̵ӡ󣬱Ĳ˵ƵĶ۹ǿֲЧոٶȣ͸ڳܶܶ˼ӡ


1848 սħգ
Ųһʣĵ۹ԶĻҪֲǿöࡣ
ڲʱ򣡡
ʱһͻȻ𣬴˵
飡һ׵УȺֿ˹һؼףֿȺӺ󷽴
ʥڣ˵ʵԶǿö࣬ڶյսϣܹͳ˧ӣԶԸˣҺǽֹܶΣˣұ˸˽⣡
˹ֵϥڵϣɫޱȡ
ৣ޴Ĵڣ˲ϢһƬţеĿ׷׾ۼλǰεĶѪܶϣ̫׺ʹ˾Ҳһͬ˹
˹֣ǾЩͽ𣿡
̫׳ĬƬ̣ͻȻڵ
²ң
仰˹ɫһףæͷ
磬ʥӵϵĵλĳЩط﷢ܱ⣬ڵ۹ڲ˸ɴʥڣΪѰ·ڵ۹ڣ﷢ɴʥڣ˵˹ˡ
ֻϴˢ˹֮սĳ裬ͬʱΪʳ۹ЧȮ֮ͣ磡
˹ֵ
̫ⷬ׵ɫ΢΢滺ܶ͸ܶǣƳһ۹ڵϵİ˹֣˿Ȼһʱǹˡ
˹־ɴʥڣΪһսʿϣսܴƣϣʥڳȫ
˹ֹڵϹ
̫׿ŵϵİ˹֣ɫĮϿ˿顣
ڴʳΪպյѪܶ˹־ڰμֻ֮ϧһ˹֮ս۹ѣ̫׶ΪʳĴڣս޲ʤ޲ˣްܼ˹Ȼ֮ǰսպգֶԶΪ˽⣬Ƕڹ̫˵ʧȥá
Ǻǣ˹һȻսУʥںηһᣬһԡ
ʱһӶߴ˾ͻȻˡ
̫ⷬһʶͷƳ˴˾һۣû뵽˾ʱ氬˹˵
˾ٲ־ڵľһƸ񿪿ڣǶ԰˹ָ߿һۡ
̫ڶЩ죬״˾Ϊζ԰˹ܾ֮࿴
˹֣ҸһλᣬһһʮӸ㣬ҲϲʧεĽٴʧܣһԴһ
̫׿ڵ
лʥڣ
̫׵Ļ˹ִϲѰܶⷬжٻЩ˼ɣǰ˹ȴȫ⡣
ɣټǹս۹﷢£˶ڿǣⳡսҲϣճ־ãϵ̫ٶ
̫׺鲻ɡ
ʥڣ֮취ƶԷĵ۹󽫡Щ佫ĻҪǿ󣬰˹Ϊ̫СǲУ
ʱһڴȺһӰӺ󷽼˳һ
ɳķ˹
ʳ³ʡܶҲʳĴ壬ڵ۹ӵмߵĵλҲֻʸڴʱĹ̫ǰڡ
ƵĴʵǿѰܶܶ¸ǵĶֻ֣а˹ԼһĶܶܶԸǡ
ʱ򣬷˹ʡܶ˹ķҲؼף˳
ɳķ˹һǵ۹Ĵ壬Һɳķ˹ҲǼõѡ
ɳķ˹ͻ˹ķλ۹ĻΧܶܶҲͬУǼɵɫ
һյսȻûвսȫ̶ڹսⳡս˶˼ӡ
ʳȻдܹܶܶﵽ󽫳̶ȵûж٣ʵսĽѾرˣĴʳܶܶЩƵĴ󽫾ǰֵס
̫û˵üͷȴ΢΢һ£
ЩĴ󽫾ǲصģţգ
ڣ
һۻޱȣͻȻڴ
৵һ£Χܶܶ׷ɢһ㡣
һ̣˵ĿУһ׳˶ӰţؿϺɫ£סӣڴ֮УΧڣһˡ
ʱգ
սˣԼɱ˵Ѿ𣿡
֪ǸħҾȻվôû֪
Ǽһ

Χһܶܶɫɵرվߵ˸¡
սħգ
ʳպɱ¾ħ֮УԲ̣Ҽսս֮Уϲ˺룬ࢶԷѪ⣬ڴʳУλ̫µͽѾ˰ʮ˸жԵļͽ
սħ˾㤺ηģǵ߷£뵽֮еʱ˫Ѫ죬һ᲻ңǸʱʵҲʧȥǣɱ¾ԼĶ֣Ҳɱ¾Լͬ顣
ڵ۹ڲǽ壬ֻǶ֣۹ܶܶҲɵޱȣηа
ڴ֮Уսħʮǰһս˭Ҳû뵽šһδģĶۼе۹ڲܶܶж۹֮Ҳʷǰġ
ܶ˵ΪƽʱĽͬڳĺܶܶǶϤմǱ־Եţͷ˿ʼҲû⣬ֻΪĳλܶĲ£˭Ҳû뵽Ȼձˡ
սƵĽ죬ͽˡ
̫׿ڵ
٣ʥڷģٳһԳ֣˺룡
һЦϢӿŨҵɱʵʣֳѪҺһʺ졣
һĻڵǼɵͬʱһ
յʵֻ±֮Ѫܶ˹ֶҪǿö࣬۹ڲڰμ֮ԿԻɱЩƵĽ죡
ԷĽȻ鷳ĻЩǽĵ۹ǳսطرЩǽٶȷǳ֮죬޲ٶҲԶԤϣ޳ȱڣôһᣬѾ޲Ĳˡ
Ǵʳó棬ƳЩߣ¸޷ӳӦеʵ
Щ;ͳǶǵв̫ˣܹսʤĴƵ۹ҲҪʧأĹȡ
ʱҲ˵ˡ
ʳ˫ûκεܹ⣬´ڵһյսлɱ˰˹ͽʮĴʳеҲδҡ
ƵľӼٳɫǵҲܺʹʳ࿹⡣
ǼɵЩĪĴе
ܳƸߣ޷ͶԷ̱ӣôʳս棬ݺ۳޵еҲ޴̸
Ĵʳﻹԣ
ǾͲصˣһյսֻǿʼʥںһδЩƵĸߣҺʹʥѾ˶ԸֶΣȵʱһԸһܴľϲ
ʱһԵĴ˾ͻȻ˵ˡ
ⷬһܶܶ׷ײĿ˴˾Ǻ档
˹ֶ⡣


1849 ս滮
Щߵ˶Ŀãʮʳһ߶ûͻƾѾɻ𣬾ЩҲֻƻһָ߶ѣ˭Ҳ֪ʥںʹ˾׼ʲôܹаմݻЩƵĸߡ
ضʣǾ֪ˣ
ƺ֪룬˾ڣ
ԣ׷׵ͷǻɴ˾۹˾˵Ϊصˣ﷢¶֪һ޾ŵĴ˾û˻ʵ
Ȼ˵а취Ȼнķ
ʥڣ˾м飡
Ⱥ֮а˹ֳƬ̣ͻȻǰһڵ
һδսƷ澫񾡳ǰȫǶľ֣ǻһս죬ܹѸֵӵһ𣬴ǵһε˹֮սҺײıΪУսǳ⣬˲ò
˹˵Źһ
ˣ
˹ֵĻ̫׺͵ڵ˶ɫ죬̫Ҳüͷһ
ʲôս죿ô֮ǰûᵽ
һ仰˵ע׷׼е˰˹ϡ
˹ԿЦһܾ֮ж˻ģս飬ǳͻأ˹ֶû׾ʲôôȥ̸
ʥڣսǳأڴƺҲٶãһս֮ļǵı֮Ĵ̽ϢĿǰҲֻ鵽ǶѪս죬һŲ֪
˹ֺܿͷ
̫üͷ壬˼ֻһ˲ָ
֪ˣ
ֻ̫΢΢˵ͷܿҲ಻Զ·˹
·˹һֶԷʹð˹˵ս죬Ͱ˵ģ߶ǿɣ

ڣдΪȻǵ۹ںպܶҲδŹ⼸֡
ֻһԵĴ˾΢΢һ£ƺʲô
˵ķǹ̫״ӹºնǿڹžлõĹŴ
ǿźķǿı֮һ̺żΪصҪʹȴ򵥣ҪĴۣǹ̫ףڻȡʱҲ˲СĴۣǿʹõ
ɳķ˹
ʱ򣬹̫ͻȻˡ
ҽеĹֲӽ㣬еӣţҲһָӣսҪЩƵӥȸȫ𡣡
ⷬɳķ˹Ȼһ֧ΪֲӣҲû뵽ʥڻͻȻ־
ɳķ˹һεս۹˶ţƣ磬Щͽڵ۹ͳ֮£㲻ΪܻŻȥɣ
Ǵ壬Ϊ۹ЧҲֻûõķĴ壬˹Ľ֣Ҳǵ³
ǣʥڣһ߾ȫеӥȸ
˹ķҽеĽվ˵ɸ㣬ڵ۹е֮ܶУóͶеսҪ㽫еĽվ׼ȷͶƵĳ֮УκεĲأսҲֽ㣡
вĴҲǸ浽﷢Ҳһﲻǣ
̫ɫĮ
²ңķ˹һȫɴʥڵ񣡡
ķ˹һݣҲæͷ
ǽ󳵡ͳ󡭡ЩҶȫһսȫĵ۹˭ҪǸҺˣɱ뷣
̫׿ŵڵˣĿ
ǣ
һ˲䣬˷׷׵ͷ
ڣʼս
̫˵ͻȻǰȥ֮ͻȻ͵һһ鳤Ĵʳ̺ӣ¶·һ龫׼ɳ̡
һ˲䣬˷׷Χ
Լʱ֮󣬻еܶܶɢȥڶʱֻʣ˹̫׺ʹ˾ˡ
һжʱ
Ѿ죬һҪǼ𣿡
ͻȻ֮䣬˾תԵĹ̫ף⡣
ţֻҪͷҾͿԳ׵ĵƽ磬½ϴδɵΰҵһΣҾκεź
̫ɫᶨû˿
š
˾΢΢˵ͷɫ¿ı飺
ֻһ£ͷħϾϹһʹҪСĴۣȵƽ֮СĻ²СŻ
̫ɫһ£ȻҲ״˾˵ʲôվٴαüᶨ
һСȵ˵ɣ
һ䣬ðһΣ˾ڲһжڸҹɫ֮У֪

ͬʱһ֮࣬λ۹ľͷͬȫۼһͬţշǳء
һսʳض㳲ٶиǽ󳵷Ҳѹأ
֥ڵɫޱȡ
ǰһž޴ɳ̣˵עɳѾˣľ׼ҷǰľƺ͵Ρ
ҲһָоѾ˾޾ţЩʳ˿»иɱûʩչ
ʱ򣬰˼Ҳƽڵ
üͷ壬һֻ΢΢ȭͷͬעɳ̡
ܱȲ³˼˳͸֥ǣûôսָ裬ǱϾǵ۹Ĵ󽫾μӹٵս˼ɾ߱Ϊһ۹󽫵ֱ
ҽһսǴﶼǵ󳵷¡ȷϵǣһҹʱ䣬һ뷽跨Ըǵĸߺ󳵷󣡡
˼һ䣬ڵϢʱࡣ
̵ģԵֵĸǽԼ޼᲻ݣû׿Եֵ󳵷Ǵⳡսġܡ͡ì
ûƺʹʳ֮սôɡͺʳû˾޾ţв½һ
ֹô򵥣ע⵽󷽣Ĵ׵ľûУսʼǶں󷽣ûвμսʳ˲ͶսضŸļƻͼı
³ڵüҲ¶һ˿ǡ
սܹʤ³ͲСҲΪսǰԭ³ע⵽ϸڡΪ۹ص˧³һֻս֮С
һս³ĿѾɨսֹս룬ս󷽣ʳûͶ뵽ս֮е
Էǹ̫ףʳĴضһЩ֮صֶΣҵǺܵġ
ʱ忪˵ˣɫ򶨣û˿Ĳ
ڵĴƴ۷״̬Ҳλüϣߡ󡢾ͳͷͬܶ˭Ҳֶܶôǿ󣬴ƶ㹻ʱȥӦԣοߵڶûг֡
һ飡
ʱһһֱûôڵ̫ٱ˵ˡ


1850 з
ոյһϢ֪ע⵽ûУʱ֣ʳӪߵĵطͻȻһ޶ʮ׸ߣΧʮͷػƶ
ǺʹսѾжʮ죬ôʱ䣬Ѿȫˣʳ˵ͶʯЩӴľҲ˵ֵǰôʱ䣬ǹִ̫ʳͳ˧ûеսôˣûеִﵽλ
˵ţһŤͷɨһۡ
һɲǣڶʱ˰ڣ΢΢üͷ˼
ȷʵ죬ǱͬҲȸյϢ壬һʱ֮ҲŪͭ޶ʲô
ΣʱֵĹ޶Դ˵ʲô¡
̫ײѰһָоôأɳʮͷ˻ͣٵĶԷͬСɣܾܿһսʳ˵Ĺؼ
Χˣ
û̫ٱãΪ۹պյս۷ʱ͵λ»ҪԶԶ֥˼˳³ЩͷԴʳӪгֵ޶ȻͬСɡ
취𣿡
˼˳ͻȻڵһϵش漰ĹˣԲܳκβء
У
ɳԣһ𣬲ȸȴǸ֥µͽǧ
սҲ뿪ӪȥѲһȦϣͨ۲зӪһЩҳһЩٱ˵Ǹ޶Ҳע⵽ˡ
ʱҲȥ̽һ޶Χ飬ʮʳȦʮλˣҿлЩʹʳػջǵ棬ܽӽ
һսлǧһĽ죬ȻҲûв뵽սȴҲǾֹں󷽸
ÿ˶Լķʽ̽Ӫ飬ԼܣְţԾԼౡ֮
Ļôʳ޶±ĻҪҪ
˼˳üͷڵ³һԸʳӣսӣ׼һμսûȥ۲Χ
֮зֹȷһȻȥ
ʮػʮͷ˿أص棬ȫƵˮйͨķֻ˵һ飬ʳӪֵľ޶±ĻҪҪ
һʱ䣬أġ
ͽҰɣȻʳӪطɭϣȴûֶβ̽Ҿȥԣ޶ڵʲô
ͻȻڵ
Ĳ֣ʱһ䣬˷ǳΣ棬Ҳࡣ
ݹľǿĶ֣ѣնӦԡ
˵սɡ
ָһ죬ܿ콫˵עеɳϣ
ʳųٰʮӣսֻٰʮ򣬿۵ǰɱĲӣʣʮǵıϡӴľӣضֹ档
˹ظԭȱһһҪٴμӹ̣ԤпֵܳĹ
˵ţһָָĶͻʲԭ
ȱڣѷȻѾţֻҪƵķΧ㹻ɿԶǿĳΣöǰл

ڽսԲʱͶ䶼ȫȥǸϢͨ͸һǸĩʱ±Ԫ˧ƣ³ĵ۹ͷʱǰҲЩѷɫܺͥҲֻʣλƵϴս
ıҰɡٱҶаսǳ׻
Ԥϣ˵ⷬȴͬ޴󽫰˼
ԣ΢΢˵ͷܰ˼ֻһⳡģӽ򼶱ĴսУ΢Ȼ˼ô˵ôȻİա
ĿǰΪֹоʮĸǽԵֵԷ򼶱ĹǽֵֻܵɱˡԷıôⳡսճ־ãʳܷһδιֱǷ߱Ϊֹ
ⳡսһܶ󳵷̫ϣս󳵷һǱصԵӪԤƵڵʱ󳵷ͺѷӳʼֻܿԼΣôʳ˵ױҪɱǰ򼶱Ĵпܻʤ

սǼ򵥵ļӼһӵһϣͻʿ䡢־塢ܣ׵߽⣬ʱ򣬶Էʣ¶ٱ޹ؽҪˣҪﵽһ¡
ͽҰɣ
ͻȻÿ˵ˣɫƽƺֻ˵һѰ飺
սʱһѡʵʱǲõģȻаգԷо׻ҡ
ⷬ˵İޱȣƬ½ǿţĶֿ֣ܹ˵ԷоҲֻò
һɲǣжޱȣûܹõĻȻô˵һܹ˵
ڴ֮ǰмҪϡ
˵ⷬʱĿΧͷϣ
ĴսԷĹضǳңҪǵסǰ͵ĵһ⣬³֥սʱҪϡ
š
³͸֥˵ͷ
һƺʹʳ֮սʲôսҪģǵסԷһȻպӭӶԷһһĶ
شǴƵɫ׵Ĵſʹ֣еҶԴĶ²ĥĲʹӡǣǴƵ·Ҳһսá֥˼ͷĹʶ
õ˵ͷ˵
⻹һ顣
֥ˣĿȴһԵ塣
һζҿһˡ
Ŷ
üͷһ¶ѯʵɫ
һΣ̫ߵĴҿ˰˹֡һδսǴʳ˵ͳ˧Ƿǳ˽⣬ǵһսȴûϳȫϳһָоһ֡˾ԵģһҪӷ
֥
һε˹֮սʳ˵Ķͳ˧ײڣնɱֻһ˹ӳ졣˼Ҷڶ˽⣬һεĴս弰ʱ֣֥Ѿˡ
š
˵ͷڰ˹֣кӡ󣬲һʱһʱ֮սѾ˹ˣڵĶֲײǹ̫ס
һСĵģ
Ҳһ˫ıɳϷݣģһսĹ
һսֹϵϵƵĹˣԼǧǧĲգֻʤܰܣ
һս֮ǰ˸˿и
ãѾƾսпܣλ۹ͷ΢΢оЩƣŽⳡݡ
ȵ뿪Ťͷһ
ǰɣ
һƬĬһӰ̤˽ΰС٪壬ֹ֮ȴͼˡ


1851 ̽޶
ˣ
ͼ˵˵ʱԵĲɣüЩǡ
š
˵ͷ
ǰҽĶ׼𣿡
˵ⷬʱɫأһڴõȵ۹ͷ֮ȻҪǶ˵˽͵͵ͼȥǼ£սݻҪҪ
š
ͼ˵˵ͷüͷ壬ǲ
˵ģֻ߳ɵ󷨣ûȫãⱻʳ˲壬ֻһӰĶⳡսްȷҪô𣿡
ҪĻȫ㲼һЩǿ󷨣еĴ󣬿԰Ĵս
ͼ˵
̻ãڿս֮ǰĽһͼֽͼԭΪĳַǳ󷨣ȻʵȴԤڵԯޣ߸һ¡
ͼȻǽˣڳ֮УȴҲ֪һιϵشݵĴڴһսƥ𡱣ͼȻ͹ͣΪһˣҲϣƵɽӱ̤ǧǧİձūۡ
ǣѾǴˣ
ǰ֪ңûõģϴ󲿷ֵĶǽȻ֮󷨺ʱãһľҲɣǿҵͻᱻԷ֣ûɵĻᡣ

֮ңܹɽ֮󷨣ȫΪԷķ˻ʹ֮УΧɽڲͬǹ̫׻Ǵ˾ĸ֣ƴݲõʱ䣬Խǿ󷨣ԪԽԡ
֮£ͼ˵󷨣ѾǱָ͵ˣټֻ߳ɣȫɣҲԴʳӪԷļʻǺܸߡ
һ࣬ͼʱĬˡ˵ֺγֻһεĵ˷ͬСɡ

ͼҲֻﳤ̾Ϣһ
Ǻǣ
ͼ˵ķӦ巴Ц
ǰİɣսڼôҪĹͷôܻ޹ؽҪ飬һս黹Ҫ鷳ǰˡƺʹʳ֮սҪʤϣпܾǰˣ

仰ͼ͵۾
⣬⡭𣿡
˵仰ͼ֪ʧˣԸ񣬴սҪͷôֺܻİţ
Ȼô˵ˣȻ
ͼ˺ܿ뿪ˣһҲƽ
ʤǰܣͿˣ
а֪һսǴʳǴƣѾƾһսҲ˹֮սһճ־ã˫磬۷ʱ򣬾Էⳡսϵĺܾãһսض޵ضһصĴۣߡ˫ͬʱ޴Ĵۣû·
ֻʣһˣ
Ժͷܿţ˳ȥ
ҹɫ֮еһƬž˽ŶٵİڱԶǰƽ
ںڰУԶԶȥʳӪصƻԻͣҹӰǾ޴ԲԣһۿǾ޴ͭ󶦡
ǧ˵ûΧʮƵĴʳ飬ͭ󶦰ΧһȦһȦ£һͷͷؼףֳִ󸫡ؽĽվˣʱʱΧҹɫϼһӡ
ͭ󶦡էһûκε쳣ҲоκӴϢһ̡
ˣ
һ˲뵽֮Դ磬ǰһѸٷ˱仯еһжʱķʽгֳֻԶ԰ƵĴʳʧˣͬĴҲ˲䵭ȥ
У԰ƵĴʳһͬһƬȼŵĺһ㡣
Ƭȼյ֮УһܶܶϢһ£Ŀޱȣ̫׺ʹ˾Ϊۡ
̫׵ϢһƬӿһʵĸоȻѹԼڴ˾ȴֽȻ֮ͬԴУһƬ뵲ɢĺ嶼޷жʵҲ֪˾ǴߣȶԣǿĻǾԳֳ״̬Ҳ֡
ܿ죬Ťͷһͭ󶦡
ߣʹ˽𣿡
ЦһУɽͰӴͭ󶦾ȻްһƬ֮Щܶܶͬȫеʵϸʱ򣬻ֱܹһ˿ĹâУء
ֶ岢İǷƵ
ˣһ̣û˿ԥйâһѸлʩչˡʵ硱֮Դȣʵ硱ҪǿĶࡣ
ʩչָǿеҲٴη仯
䣡
âһУԭʲôҲͭ󶦣һɳɫֱͭ󶦵ֱͨءֹˣʵһЩ֮ǰûзֵĶ
ͭ󶦵ƺ̺һɼΪֲƻڴ󶦵Χع򶼳ֳһƬ쳣ģƻļֻΪ֮Դиֱ治Ҫ߱ʵ磬ܷ֡
⵽ʲô
ͫ΢д˷һ˿ء
ʵȣ۽ʶԶˣǾҲûмֵľ
ɽͰӴͭ󶦣ԭΪǶԷ׼ĳַͱڿʮǧǲϵͬˮͭ󶦣ڴڲĶ
Ǿ޴ͭ˵Ǵʳ׼ԸƵĿֲ˵Ըͭ涫ġ
ͭ󶦾һ޴ŴڲĶ
˸оǣڲĶǴʳ׼ԸƵĶ£ӦǾʹųӴͭ󶦣档
֮ǰһ˵ĹΥ͡
ҿǾŪʲô
ʯ䣬Ժжһͷһ̣û˿ԥһ̤¡𶯣һӴľ罭㣬ȻԺƿն಻ĺصȻڵȻһۣ漴Ծ˵ٶȷ۵糸Զͭ󶦶ȥ
ʳ˵Ӫͭǽڣ䱸ɭϣ岻ȴһ㣬ǾǾζסġ
Ϊﵽּ𣬾ͬǿߵϣѾﵽȺ۵ĵز£ƥС
Ҫǣļ𣬼ʹþ̽飬ʳӪҲû˷ֵˡ
ˣ
֮ǺʹʳӪܹվڴƵӪ֮У֮̽飬Ҳֻ
䣬ľһζҹɫ֮Уûжע⵽һӴʶʵʣӵصʳӪеͭ󶦡
ɣɣɣһɡ
ԽԽͭеĴҲƺоʲôΧϢһ˿΢ı仯
Ȼ˵ʱʱ죬ľҪ̽鵽ͭ󶦵ʱ򣬺䣬бɲһӴԱٶȵһǣ¡һػڵصǰľ
һξײһȫ֣壬һɲҲһ𣬾粨


1852 صӰ
֮ӣʱ仹ûֺαżж
ͬһʱ䣬˾ϤģĪʶ
ˣ
֮ӡĸ֣ɫһ䣬ԭǳͭ󶦶ȥһɲǣһѸٵת˴ʳӪеĴ˾
֮ӣ֯ˣ
¡¡ףͬڴ˾ľΪֹ֪֮ĸ֣ҺϵһģӴУֻ֯ҲԳ֮Ϊ֯
˾أڴʳ۹ڲҲû֪ļУǽΪһ㡣֮ǰʱʵҲйֲ룬ûпǺ֯ˡ
ΪֹӴĺ֯ǻˣǻ˺ʹ˾һһ˫ңԶҴӳȻǿ󣬵ȴȫǶף֮ǰ츮ڣǵ͵Ķ֡
֯ǡ֮顷еļأ֯Ҳ伣ڣ忪ʼʱҲֻ룬ܿͷˡ
ֻҲû뵽ʵĽȻ෴
ǺǣǣҲǡ
˾ʶд翵ʼ޷׽
Ȼ֪ǻ֮ӣȴþ֯ˣҲ֪֯ݣ
ԣüͷ
˾ĻĪ⣬ȫ޷жõϢһʵ̫ˡǴ˾ӵǿľȴó书һ㣬ͺ֪ĺ֯˵֯Ȼͬ
㵽ʲôˣ
ֻô˾ԽԽ֯ˣô˾ʲôˣѵ绹ź֯һǿ˵ͬǿ󣬵ȴ֮֯
Ǵӡ֮顷֯ķǿƣ֮࣬˯֯磬һǿ󣬵ȴֲԼ
Ͼ˾ѾʼӰȨˣ
ʼվ̫ˣ
Ǻǣ
һЦӶߴһδ˾ȴûлص
Ҳشģʲôȥɣǲܳɹġߣǰչս𣿴սڼҪǲܾģ
üͷλʳĴ˾˵ټ٣翣ʼԴȡ˵ŲԼһ£ʵͼȴδˡ
ȻҲֱƳʵʵͬʱ̽ĵϸֻƬ̣ͷ˾ô˵δزǼ֮
Һʹ˾֣ʲôʱ򶼿ԣδҪһʱΪ˧ҪĻ룬ʤ
ôҲķ
ȻˣԸ
ͻȻһЦ˵ʱʱ죬ûȴ˾ӦľۣͻȻΪһ޴ġ̫ޱȣ¡һײڴ˾ľϡ
գ
û˿ԥ˲ʩչ˵Ըľѧ࣬Ե徫۳գ;ʿȻ෴оʿηġ
Ҳǵ˿־ԭ
¡
ʯ䣬Ӵľصײһڽյײ£˾Ҳ΢΢ɫΪΪ׼սٻЩ˼ɣû뵽˵ʹȫơ
ˣ
ڴ˾ɲǣû˿ԥһɾֳѸͭ󶦵ȥ
ã
˾Ҳû뵽Ȼ˽ƻ飬һɾ˲ֳǹɾ˾һ㣬һɲǣľվͭ󶦡
¡
ڿͭڵĶھӴɲǣǰһ䣬ͻȻ֮һƬڰںڰȻһӰ֮޻ҪӴͣ޾ıŰͻϢƺҪﶼΪޡ
ֻҺͻϢǿھӴɲǣľܵӰ죬ɿֲڰ͸ȾΪҽ
ǵʲô
ޱȣӴӰԼǺڰֻһ˲ʧˣΪǻþǵʯĽӴȴ˼ӡ
֮ӣȥɣ㲻лᣡ
ʱ򣬴˾һɾ뵽ͭУͽͭ󶦷ӡҲûκϢй¶ʵ磬һҲˡ
һɲ֪ͭڵĽƱضǴ˾ҲֻˣܿƵͭ󶦡
˾սϣҵ㣡
仰ľ糱ˮȥûкʹ˾ҹ̽㵽ֹɣĵȵһʤ
ˣ
ҹɫ֮һƬֻһҵ֮Ʈ˾ھӪ֮һû׷Ҳܿתص˸֮С
嶼ûע⵽£ظ֮ǵʱǸУ´ޱԵõ΢΢һ£ƺԶͭĳָӦֻһ˲˱㰲ȥһ·ʲôûзһ

ʱ仺ȥǰһƬŵʱ򣬺󷽣ݴһޱȣ˶ڹעⳡغƹ˵ս
ʦ֮УΪŨңطҹƻ𣬲ʱж

ʱ֣񶯣һֻŸڴµϢ
ʲôսݣ죡ϢѸʦطӡˢķãȫҳе
ʦһ޴ľ¥ƻͨƹһ£ݣѾһ޵Ϣ˷ǳǴʱϢ˶ʱ쳣ܣһɨ֮ǰƣ鼤ޱȡ
̶ֻʱ䣬Ϣʦ
ҹľʦջ֪١ҹ£ⳡսѾֹǱ飬ǹϵ´Ƶİա
ʱ仺ȥǰʱʦǰѾΧȴϢİգһʱȻûеʦеʱ䣬ʦ֮УͷܶĦࡣ
ϻźȦһأշת࣬ҹδߵģ
ⳡսȻ˲ܲУÿ˶Լķʽעţڴţ֧šľ¥Ҳ翪ţдЩˣһû˯İա
ӮˣӮˣ
䣡
䣡

һҹսʤϢҲڰɢʦرһĻ
ٰʮĴʳǴƴδйѺʹУ۹Σѣ˶ߣƵİʵ̫Ҫһʤˡ
Ȼֻսʣ˸Ҳ֮ࡣ


1853 ս
ڷɻΪʱ̫磬ʳ˶ʮʮ򣬶˵ֻǾţһëδ˸̫ٱǵĴֹۡ
ȺУв˱ǡ
ʲô˼ǻΣ֮У
δȥʳĴʥڹ̫׻УﻹܷɣʤǰܣǴͿˡ
Ҳˣϴ˹ɱ˹ءͻʡʳһڵڶսдܴʳôҶ
ҲȻܹڵһʳһܽʳʣµıο߻̫ٱôˡ۹ͻ³ˣбͥ󶼻˼˳ˡ
ôʳͨĶ֡Ǻ޲ӵһǿȥһΪƶս

ʦ֮У¥ͷβֹ۵ģҲǵģôսһһǣ˵˼
ͬʱʹڣͬǵƻԻͣյĽų̶Ⱥ͹ȣй֮޲
ʮ߳϶Ϊصأδйڻʹܶʱĺ󱸽
״ͳ죬ͳ죬ͳ죬ͳ졭н߲㶼ȥҲ֪ôˣϣһսһսɣ
ڸߴһ첢ǡ
ʹգ˭Ҳ֪ⳡʷǰĴսֻĬĬȴĬĬţҵȴĽ
ͬʱʹߴһƬ䣬̫Į̇ǰӰһϵ۱紵Է裬Ϊ۹ˣϵĴڣʥʺ͸ʿͬһû˯
ˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ʥʿˣ֮ļž
ǵģϾ͵սˡ
ʿڵʥʵ⡣
ʳЮƶͬȫԸһսʲôճ־ã˶ףվǴƺʹʳսӡ
һ̣ʿж͸һ˿š
ʿ̫ײͨˡ
ʥٴοڵ
ǵģҲһˣǱ¿еıԪ˧
ʿŵ
Ǻǣ㻹һ㶼ûб䰡
ʥԣЦ
һһͣһһͨѾмʮˣʿԶ֪ʲô
ȷʵеˣϡ֮ң嶼չʾԼʵͨĿ顣
ѡļ̳ˣ£ʮ꣬ڶбõļ̳ˡ
ǿϧˣ˼ʮ꣬ҪȻĻ˵ĿһóԸ
˵ʥͻȻһ̾Ϣ
ʿԣʱĬˣһ˿ɫȴʲôû˵
¼࣬ʲôԸܹʵ֣ȥˣˣδҲһˣֺˡ
ʿ
Ǻǣ
ʥֻһЦҡҡͷûж˵ԼԼʿֻڰοˡ
һۣһоֻܿԼˡ޷Ҳ԰ﵽˡ
ʥ̧ͷķ¶һ˿ź
ʿԣ¶һ˿ĵǡ
û˱˽ʥڵ״֮ңĵƵʥʲòʹһһư磬ֺɣҶޱȣʵȴʹʥʵ״ѩϼ˪帺ɴӡ
ڵʥѾûа취ʹһˡ
ʥصأ򶨹ˣӵжĵãֻҪڣıڣݴڱ˾ְλɡ
ʥ뿪ôٰʮʳϮӰͻչޣɧа˲ʱĻ̻̣δսˡ
ҲΪʲôһ̩񰲣ȶ书¡ʢپ׳־ľҪã뿪ԭ򡣶һ뿪ҪҲضɲݡ
²صģǱѡˣūţһñʧģ
ʿ˵ţһʥʹһ
ʥԣֻǵȻһЦķߣʲôû˵


һҹʱתۼţųصĵƬտǰţڵ˾սʱ̡
¡¡𶯣̳Ƭ֮ĴʳӺƺƵٴϯǸ˾޴ĺɫӭƮɢһӴϢ
ƷʮƵɫǽһ¶۰㣬׹⡣ǽսʿִꪣһȫɱڣĶŶ֡
ĴʳҲͬˡ
һҹǴƻǴʳ˫Ʊ֮ǰһ춼ӵۺ׳
˫Ĵ֮У̫ס˾˹֡գԼ塢á³ʳʹƣ˫ͳ˧䣬˴֮ңţԡ
սޱȣ
еһУԤʾһҵս
ڵ˾һʤʱˣ
ƷĴ֮УŰڣĿŶͷӴξޣĿᶨޱȡ
ƺʹʳ֮䣬ʤǰܾڽգһսضиȻԽֹؼʱ̣зԽ侲
ˣһһʤ
ͻȻһؼ𣬾˵ĿУãã纣Ĵʳӷֿʥڹ̫ͷ޴ξޣǰ
㲻ôõˣҽҵĳŵΪū
ǺǣʥڣҲҪ˵Ļһս֮֮佫սΪʳ׵ĳΪƵķһβнҡһƵľӣһ·򵽰͸磬ʳԶڴƵͳ֮£
ǰҲͬڡ
һɲڳǧӵעУԣ˭Ҳûк˵˼
ûʲô˵ģȻˣǾͿսɣ
̫ɫͻȻڵ
أ
һĺŽӴʳӵĺ𣬶ͬһʱҲء
׼սɣ

һܼսɱǧսʿֳ־޶ܳꪣȫս׼
սȻսʼʱ䣬κĶҪöࡣ
𣡡
һ춯صⳡʷǰľսڿʼˡ
¡¡ľУʳӪһͷͷԾ˵ٶȳŴƵķ
ֱ̳ʣһΣ̽Щȫ֮԰ƵĴʳӲ˻ŴƵķ
һɲǣغǹӴƣضΪ֮ɫ䡣
׼
ƵӪ֮Уһұ۾ĳضܣضڵϣĻڶȫңļ׼ͬһ
һǣʮʳӣ˵ϢΪһ壬ۺأͬһӴɽͰ㡣
һʷǰĴսÿ˶˿ս׼


1854 ι
һǧɣɣɣ
˫ľԽԽ԰ƵĴʳӣͬХĺһ㣬ŴƵķĴ
һǣĸߺ󷽣㾲Щս磬о˲
ͳ׼
ʱһڴ
û⣬һսʳԾ޿·ǿг忪ƵĸߣȻеų
ڴʳ˵սʽϤֻ˻ǵ͹˴ʳⳡս׼
ʼ
ԶԶأڴʳ󷽣һʳָӹֱͻȻصĻ¡
ϣ
һ죬һִնϣ󷽣һͷ޴ιͻȻչһ֫ľצڵĺۼ
໣
һҰĵǺԽޱȣ͸˴ս֮Уֻͷιﶶһ£漴һɳȵĻڱҰס
ֻת˲֮䣬ͷͱһͷȼյĻ
ಣ
ͷιһݣʮԶѸԾ˵ٶȳŶƷ߶ȥ
ͷιԶûôӴֻ޵֮һСȴޱȣ֮䣬Ծǰɵľ롣
ܵĻϳһĻۼ

ǰһʳܲιϵĻУ˲Һţͬȼյףܵȼ¡һصײڵϣΪҽ
Сģͳע⣬ͷǣ
ԶһĻպɽͫһȻ
ȻûгЩιﱾܵоһǿҵΣ
һ󳵷Ķȣȣ
ͳתպɽָԼ󳵷ͷι
ţ
ţ
ţ
պɽķӦν죬ǵ͹ͷιͷιԼٶ
ʣµܻͷȼյιȴҲûвκεЧ
أ
һ춯صͷιܵĻͻȻһȦȻ𺳵ĿУ·һ޴գ¡һصײ˴һθǽϣҵıը
û˿ǱըĿֲ죬ֻ֪ͷιﱬըƥĸ»棬ЮŻԵͬ籩ϯܡ
һ¶³صģشĸǽͷ·ֽһ㣬ɱըĸ»УŤڻɡԲڣеĸǽ󷽵ļʿܱȫʧ涼һƬڡ
ƬΧڣеĴںۼ׵ĨȥŨҵֻ̣һͱ˺һ޴ȱڡ
һĻ˷׷ױɫ
໣
Ȼһлֻǿʼһһ
ڴʳ󷽾֮УȼյĻһŽһţ׷Ծ˵ٶȳŴƵķ߶
Сģ
һŵź˷쳹ߡ
䣡
ܿһһŵĻ棬ϵڴƵĸڱը
ЩûҪɹۣ
ԶӴξޱϣ˾ֳۣȨȣͻȻڵ
վڽɫӪǰӸ£ĿԶĸߣЩιﱬըĻڴ˾УҲѤޱȡ
Ǻǣûд˾İҾЩϹҲ޷Ϭι
̫״ʱȻһЦҲڵ
ֻȼ棬ԱըιȻǴ˾͹ֵ̫Ĳ
Щιֻ޵֮һҲҪö֪࣬ЩôãӦöһЩ
̫׵
˾ֻһЦûж˵
ССĺôҲдĺô
ôʹʥһЩԱըιѾַӳǵĹ
ԶѾƼ̵ĸɱըһ޴ȱڡ
սʳķ˶ʮԼʮͷ޶ûдﵽսЩιֻѾ˲ɡ
ԶսѸٱöԴƲЩιﲻԱΪ󷽴ʳըһȱڣȻͳҲżɱЧȴԶ⡣
Щǰεĸ߶ǷǳҪз䶼װܱҲۼԷԱ˺ܴ󣬾ܱѵѼʱ䣡
Х³ϣǰӹһǵɫ
ЩιһԱܻٵǧľܱըɵ˺䵽ĴսʿַըѾԴƵĵһɼصΣ
ʱǵʱЩιҲޣӰ쵽սڵĵĻ
΢΢üͷĿӹؿռ䣬ƽߴʳӵĺ󷽡
һָовЩιҲɽͰӴľޣһЩ
ˣ
Ļλͷɫ΢˳Ŀ⣬ԶĴʳӺ󷽡
պɽɢ󳵣׼
ֻ΢һ˼⣬ڵ
ͻߵǡѦǧ˶һݣһʱоʲôٴС
ǣ
Զͬʱ԰ƵĴʳ󷽣һĻ˻ƵĸĦ԰ټƵľͽͶʯһſӴĵԻһͷͷߴĽվ쵽£ĿȻǶĴӪ
ţ
ţ
ţ

һһ壬ͶʯĽվ˲߸߷Խǰãã纣ĴʳͶʯ£Խգͬһȼյʯ㣬ŴƵӪȥ
ھͶʯ£Щվ˵ٶǰЩʳ޵ٶȻҪöࡣ
ˣ
һͷͷվǰͺ̣ʯ㳯ŴӪʱһ˲䣬˷׷ױɫ
Сģ
һĴХ㻮գڴ룬պɽͫһȱɫһɲѾЩʯĽվˣȻǳԼ󳵷ԼǼʮܾͳ
Ѿպɽһμʶʳ˵սˣֻ˹ͬһЩվҪ׼öࡣ
ɢ
պɽȻγԼĳ߾ٹеһ˲䣬е󳵷任͡
Դͳ󳵽иװǼƽ̨ӣ˻ܣڴʱʱֱֳصĴƳһԾͻ߽᳹⡣
Ȼպɽһָ˲Ϣ䣬ƵĴƳıͣɢһ۵ӡڴϡ
ߣĿУ
ͬһʱ䣬²ôַҲ˷
ݣ
̶ХУǧļ꣬ʯſзµĽվ˱ȥ
һͷͷվ˱ǧַҪûؾѾ
ʱգƾ񾡳ȻɶԴʳĽվ޷ɼЧɱˣѲǵ޼ƿʩ޿κεľˡ
׼
˵ʱԶûôֻ࣬һͷͷӴĽվ˱ʯ׹ڴƵӪ֮С


1855 վˣ
䣡
âһһͷվڵأڼӲĵҳһֱʮɵľ޴ӶսʿӦҳ޴ײʯм׷ɣڴƵӪʮɸߵĹ̳
ֻһգۣһӴӰվ𣬻һɹɱŰɷɱ
ˣ
ͷ˸ߵȻһμӹ˹֮սϱ׷ױɫû˵Щ𵩾ɫףҲ仯࣬ûôݣȴǿ׳
Щľ˱֮𵩾˻Ҫǿ
䣡
ҲʱһıըԶԶϴ԰ټƵĽվ˲䣬׹ڴƵӪУһлԶûн
쿴ʲô
ͻȻһ˷ļХӶĴʳӺ󷽴һߺĴսʿۼ⣬̧ͷȥһۿԶһǧƵĻӵƽߴ
Щ飬ãã纣ܡ͡ҪȽվСöֻ࣬һ߹޴СΪ͸Сٶȿֹ
ʳͣ
һʳͫһ˳
ͣ˵Ǵʳͣ˹֮սƼ˲֪˲ϨԸԶԴɾ޴в
һͺͽվˣʳĵһʽͱöࡣ
ˣˣнվˣ
ҵɳһİӣһжվˣ
֮׼Щ

ӿʱ˶侲ޱȣеĽʯһ㣬Ѹ侲
ĩ
ȺУҵѸȥرۣӹһ˿ᶨɫ

һ֣ϣŮԼڶŸֳЩվ˶ȥ
һ֮սģ˵ⲻһս˵֮á
˸
һ࣬ҵҲѸټӣŽվ˾Ŷȥ
սŸոտʼûн뵽Ȼĵزܴʳ㳲Ҫͻƴһһصĸߣûôסҵİ㹻ʱվˡ
ҲҵǱߵĶһ֮࣬У²ôеַԼַԴ
ĿеĴʳͣȴҵ׼
֮У²侲˶һųһųȴĶſУżϱƽĴʳ͵
ǰŵղַͬһƬš
ণ
һ̶ļԽԽ߿УЩʳ͵飬ǧ򣬾ԽԽ
ǧߣǧߣ
²вϼž룬û˱ȳ²øףԴԴʳ۹ճҺжôӦǲȼգϨ
һʧ󣬻͵ڿбըܱ俪һƬ䵽ϣ˺ʤһ
սǰѾ˵ȼյڿбըȼմЩأЧóǧĴϢ
պû͵ըĸ߶ȣ
²ɫᶨգһ˿ᶨɫ߶յĺãеĻڿȼմҲԱ͵ԴƵľӰ졣
˰ٳߣ߰ٳߣ
׼
²ס˺գսŵ˼㡣
һɲǣʱ䶼·Ż·ֻһɲǣֺͣһ̣²кһڷ
ţ
һ£̶Хڶ˷˵ĿУǧ纣һ㣬ӴƵӪ֮гȻΪһŽļ֣˲˿׹µĴʳ͵
䣬ֻһ಻ıըһŲöҵĻҵıը
һŻ͵ըֱΧŻ͵ըһһӦдһƬܵģȼյĻ𺣡𺣽֯ڸ߿γһصķߡ

һͷվ˴𺣣ЩճģȼյĴʳͬ˰㣬͸Ŀ棬ֻһգۣͷվĲҺţҲȼ
һͷͷͷд𺣵Ľվȫһ޴Ļ
һĻһʳ佫׷ױɫ
ֱ仯֮еġ
Ҳ²úַһ࣬԰ټƲһڲĽվѾպɽԼͳʵ󳵷˼вرǼʮܾͳǳΪ˽վ˵ҪƻĿꡣ
ͨĳͬͳ̶ڸ߸ߵĽ̨ϣ޷ƶ
˺һƻͳȫɵЩͨͲǵСϣ
֮Уһǿ׳Ľվɳɤ˻Žе
Ȼʱ򣬹âһһŰɫۣ׶ûеǰǿ첽
Ȥ
Щ޷İ࣬Ϊ׵Ľվһ漴Ц
ЩСϣѵҲƻЩͳ֮ǰҲšǵԴЩθˣ
Ϊ׵ĽվЦţ৵ĳһͱУѸٳǰ赲Լİ˶ȥ
ͬʱһЦվҲЦĲмЩԼİ˹ȥ
Щվ˵˫ͺһЩֵİأһеɱ¾
ȻЩվ˹ʱͻû˿ף飬һӴľ룬һ´ǵԺ

ԭЦ˹Ľվˣ˵Ұһ㣬ԴһĲҺ
ǣ
֮УһȫȻ֮ĵһѸվɱȥ
ͬʱ԰ټƵŸַ׷׳Щվ˷һֱӿסʮͷվˡ
ս֮ǰҹۣⶣںЩվ˽֮ǰþǡ
˺;ͬԴѾʧĹŴȻķͬȴƺ֮ͨҲӵͬ㡣
еľ޺;ˣͳͳǴʳ۹ڶʱڴģǿķڶʱڸЩӴȴ޷ͬǿꡣ
һ㣬¾˾ûа취
ǿľʿҲ޷ӴǾ
վ˵ƥʥ侳֣ȴԶûôǿҲ㡣
ýվģʾˡ
ɱǣ
ɱǣ
һͷͷվ˷Щ༸ǱܵǸо˾޴вȻһлԶûн
ţ
Զûжע⵽֮վڴ֮УͬҲעЩսĽվˡ


1856 ޼У
䣡
һ£֮ԣһ޴ľ˲ըѣһĻһž޴ں飬Хż˲һվ˵˫ȡ
ֻ꣬һײںڵѸٷֿΪһɲ޼ģĶ˲סͷ˵˫ȣ꣬޴ҧͷվ˵˫ȶ̴ˣʱѪע
ͻͷվʱ䷢һĲҺ˦ͼϵں飬ȻеĻҪأҪ̡
ÿһǧأվ˱ж׾һǧصĸʱʧȥƽ⣬һµڵء
ţ
ţ
ţ

û˿ԥ֮һ£ԽԽںڽеƿնЩվˡ
޼У
֮սһԸվ˵ġ
֮սȫ𵩾ˣ˹֮սɫսףȫ𵩾ţٵڸǿĽվˣʳһ֧ţһԤ֮С
˾ŵǱȾ޾ŸǿǿֲԼ̵ķؼףʹôƷжԸǵЧʩ
ĹȻЧһ䲻ǣҲױǶ
֮ľ޼С
ĳ̶ֳϣЩվ˾һͷͷӴҰޣסǣ޷ƶܹǵвͣҳɹ֮նɱ
İӣɱ
ᣬҵһȣİӣɱڵǳɱȥ
һɲǣɱ춯ء
ɱǣ
˲Ϣ䣬һվĿ¶־壬Ҳһֻֻ޴ȭķͬʱеݺն¡

һȥģȻͨҵɫеȸ־޽һӣǿһվеıŽһ̤ݶеȸ־޽һն˲䴩һվ˵׷϶ݺݵնĲϡ
ۣѪˮɽһž޴ľͷ­תţɳ߰Զ˫ĿĿ־壬ƺţԼôһ
ɱ
һɱ춯أһİսʿʮΪһ飬˴֮ĬѸٳЩվնɱȥ
ں󷽣һŵĸִԸÿнվѵʱЩŸֱŷһǿҵľЩվ˵ԺٴҺʹ֮С
ۣת֮䣬ʮͷվ촦նԴѸٱסʱ˿̣ѾϾȥЩվˡ
¡¡
ǰضҡʱ˿̣ʳ˵ľ޾ҲԼٶȳˡ
䣬һֻ̤£̳ǿҵ𵴲һȦһȦ𵴿ȥ˲ͽʮ¸ǽɳȥ
𣡡
һ춯أԾ޾ŵĹƵķ᧿Σ
ȻһлԶûнھ޾ųͬʱԶһ̶ļХ˵ĿУãã޼ʵĴʳ󷽣һƬգԾ˵ٶȳŴƵķ߶
ţ
һ󾪺һû˿ԥʳ۹˲ɳľţͬЩʳһȫХ
Ȼȷ񻹿ǵãã纣Ĵʳӿĸž޵ڻƷԽԽ
һǧɣɣɡ
˫ȻûнӴĻҳƺƵ˰ˢϿա
ɱ
Ϊ˵۹
ɱЩͽ
԰ƵĴʳٶԽԽ졣
սһʳ߿ԽԽǿ¸ߴ˶ĴʳսҲϣĳ˻ƺҲоա
һ࣬ʮƾͬʱս׼
¤͵۹
ս֮ǰÿ˾ףһսʹƵˣ۹ľҲڴˣһսֻʤܰܡ
׼
׼
׼
һ߿쳹ϿգԽԽţ塢³˼˳֥Ҳ¶صɫ˶ɫᶨû˿ηȴ
ž
ޱȵļž
ڤڤа³˼˳ڣ˵Ŀ׷˴֮е塣
Ϊʥ׷ľݴ󶼻ӵжԴԿȨ

ʯһƺһֱ̣һӣԥ´˳
ֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ľѿƵĽ࣬ų򣬷׷Ŷľɱȥ
䣡
ͬһʱ䣬ҽ̤£һ¾Ŀᶨؼףԥеľ޽
ԶңİӡŸ֣Լ֮쵼Ĺȶסվ֮еľͳȫµٴζ׼ЩӴľޡ
ǣ
ͬһʱ䣬պɽƵĳ󲿶ӣ׼һֱ׼ãã纣Ĵʳ
ЩǿҪɱһĽվˣոЩʳܷӳЧ
һɽХĺʮܾͳȳ֡
һ·ŭһ㣬Ӵÿؼһ籩
һͳ󷢶ͬʱƵХţȺһ㣬ХؼһƬ衣
ãã纣ĴʳִƵķǰʱ򣬼ٶ죬ǿʱͬʱҲܼҲҲʱ
飡
һʳ׷絾ݰ㵹£Ĳҽ˷ڶ
֮ǰѾĿЩƳҲ㹻׼Ĵʳڴ֮ǰڵ˼£޷ıԼˡ
ڳķâǰЩµĴʳҲǼġ
ηܾȫĽ˴ףЩֲĴһ͸̳һ޴ѪȻϵɶȥ
ۣһ
ƳսʼɲǣͷӳѹԵ
ԶԶȥһٶȳ浽£ɷڣ׼սһĴʳ߶ûһ˴ɳȥ
еһоͺһһ˵֮󣬾ǵڶŵš
ֻգ֮䣬ʮĴʳ˵˵ϣ޴Ĺʹǵʬ壬սײɳȥ
Сģ
ǳ󣡡
Сܣ

һ־Ĵڶ
ͬһʱ䣬ըܾͳһ𼯻һ¾ߡ
໣
ֻһĲҽУһͷӴڴƵĸкֱ֮Ϭξ޲ҺһӴһ£Ȼصĵ˵ϡ
еһͷеڶͷͷһ棬پͷʳ޵˵ϡ
еľͳɳ±ָӣĿҲ˾ĵѡЩ޵µͬʱӴҲΪһε谭ӻ˺ǰٶȡ


1857 
ֻα겻αֹ޾Ŷٵʱ䣬ǶڻǰսϴٵӴѹһá
ণ
漤սͬʱ֪ջ谵ƺʹʳ˫Ƶȸչ˼ҵսЩѵ߹ȸץģģ˺ײ
һƬƬͷ׵ëղͣ䣬Уһͷͷʳ񡢴Ƶӥ񡢺׷״׹
ⳡ֮еսһʼʹﵽ˼伤ҵĵز
һĻԶ̫Ҳüͷһ΢΢ݡ
ֻһ˲̫׾ͻָ
ʣİĶսȫʳҲܵǰδеǿʳʧٶԶԶκһսսѪȺͲпģֻҪյʤеֵõġ
Ӵ󹥻
̫кһԥ
¡¡
̫׵ɱڣԽǡ
ɱ¾еʱܹöηӣս֮ǰĳ£ҲпܷʹԷԽʿǣս


һ
¡ڣ԰ƵĴʳ˳һ㣬ײڴƵķϣ֧һȫ潻ս

һͷͷ˻ƺҲܵ˹裬ڶ壬󲽳ŴƵķ߶ȥ󷽣飬ãã纣Ĵʳкբ֮ˮ㣬ھ޴򿪵ȱںŶȥ
ס
Ҫǳȥ
ܼͣȫ赲

սǰߣһ˻˷սϿ
֮ǰѾ׼ͣǵյĴʳʱеĴսʿرսǰߣоǰδеӴѹ
һƵʿȫΪǵͨ죬ͷֱ۹¶ĵطᣬһţ͹˳
ͣһ͸ĶܼױԵݺһ׷϶ɲǼ䣬Ѫע͸϶籡ϵȾһƬ죬սʿֻüһ˿ʹɫ漴ҧһȫ赲
һֱ֮ǰûк˰벽
ţ
սպɽһ£һһţƵĴƳųɳУϵַۣһдѪŵĴʳԾ˵ٶȵ¡
պɽѵ£֧󳵲Ӽ主Чʣһսʿ˴Ĭţܵͬһܼǰսôң޷ӰǾ׼װ
ƻûо޾šţҲûȼĻͣƾЩЧĳɱԶھ޾֮ϡ
ǰΣҽڶǧĴʳʬۻɽѪƯֲ֣ͬ޵һ㣬еһж޷ֹʳǰͺ̵ĳɱ
̶ʱڣպɽ󳵲ѾɱʮʳǶٶĴʳ˵ЩʧվǱˮнԶԶû˵ǡ
ߣǳˣ
󷽣һߴӰгҰģһֱǰսû˿ԥֱһӣȻǰ
׼һ𶫷ͽΪʥں͹﷢һݴ񣡡
յҰޱȣһŨҵɱ¾
䣡
䣬ҡضһӴϢյϳ
ֻƣվѾ˾ʥ۷֣Щĵ۹󽫿Ҳ֮ȡ
ʳѪʨ
ʳ۹ĳƺţսУվͬһͷŭĿʨ㣬ͨǿ˵ѪʬԼֲεһ۹
ջһϰߣڴʳеܶܶУϲǵġһǿĵֿضѪǣ
յ𶯣һɹʬɽѪϢӴ㼯ϣâһһŽɫսףڽ͸ѪĴʳӴ߳յ
ʳٶȺһһ֮жһԽĸоرеһɫìϸ޳һɼµıƺնͱһ󶴡
ΪصϵһŽɫߣ߹Įͬ㸩䣬ò˿顣

Ǵʥڹ̫Ҳǵ̫£սǿľţд˵ǲ˼սʿפڹ̫߸֮š
ڴʳ֧ŴǿֲĴ˵ûκξ֮ȣľ˾š
֪ѾսĴʳսײ֧ǿžģ¹̫׵ţ
һģ壬̶ʱ䣬յͻ㼯˴Ųͬյﵽ֮۹ǿս
֧ǿľţһǵȵսţͷŻϳûģȻ֣ҪٶȣѹԵƳ׻ǣֻչʾǿ̬ηܱպͳ磬ʹǲҷ׳ʳͳΡ
ۼһʱ˵ϢΪһ壬ɲǼ䣬ʳϢΪ֮һ䣬ͬɽ緢һ㣬һɼΣյϢ
ˣ
Ż۵ͬʱԶ塢áҵоɱ仯
ţ
˼˳һͻȻڵ
ϽȻʹʳ֮ûжٽǹڴʳϣսǰѾÿһУĽѾǳϸһ۾ͿԱϳ
СģʳҪԹˣ
ǿͨľӸֵס
̫ٱ۾΢УͻȻҲڵȻ꣬ȻһۣþʹЩϸоǿв
ʱԶĿһϵһγ䵶´˽
˸ȫ棡
¡
ʯ쾪ֻһ˻ʳѪʨմһȣɽ֮ƣŶĴƸ߳ɱȥ
󣬺ɱڶʳܶܶҲɱڣų
ʳѪʨս繫ϵĿֲΪףԿ俪Ƶķߣһϣض
δʳƽĹѫΰҵҲضŨīزʵһʣΪʳӢۡ
¡¡մϢͬǹƾ춯أѹսϵɱ
оɺ˵ƣǰĴʳﶼһɫ԰ף׷׳ȥ
ߺһڼսеĴսʿһĻҲ΢΢ɫ
ЩϢ磬Ա߳࣬ǿԵֵ˵ġˣ
ǰɫƽڵ
һ̣䣬󷽾߰˲ĵطৣһ˾Ĵ춶սϣҪһ㣬䣬âһǸʱزڵϣܾþսҲЩƣǹӴޱȣʱ䶼޷ĥ


1858 Ѫս죬
ˣ
âһһɫؼףǰ̤һһɲǣ𶯣ʱ䶼·𶨸ˡ
ھ׼ᣡ
λͽˣ
ɫأһ֣ص
塢³ȼλƾͷ࿴һۣһ̣ضҡȫڵλû۶˼ﶼֳǧ˻㼯Ѫս֮¡
¡¡һӿɲǼ䣬ϣһҵĹâʸͬԾѪսΪģѸٷչԼбֽ¡
䣬ɲǼ䣬һӴϢ𣬺սԶͥңӦ
ˣǱĳǸսˡ
ʱԶӴξޱϣ·˹ͻȻڵ
ս֮ǰ˹־ǿһ˾Ѫս죬ܴӵʵ˹֮սʳսܵҪԭ
ȥɣ
̫ûж˵ֻǰ˰֡·˹⣬ܿԾ¾󣬳Զȥ
ͬʱԶһ춯صĺɱմѸٴؿռ䣬ִǰĸߣ䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬֧ɲǣһŸػҵĲһ¡
ͬʱս˻ײɱҽһƬȻֻƬ̣һ̣䣬ֱ˲ơ
ҵĲҽУһֳ־޶ܵĴսʿһսֻǰػо޶ܣƶܱսʿǰסǧٴιֵһǣֻһ۵Ĵһɫ԰ףѪɫʾ߷ݰ˳ȥײڵϡ
ֹˣһ̤⻷ͷһּĬķʽ˹Ȼһػһصĸǽ
¡ֻһصĸǽΪһ˾ֵ֣סдʳ˵ĹǿаӣӢ֮أһ̣޴ĸǽȻһɣЩĳ£Ȼ˳ȥ
¡¡ǽײ˺󷽵Ĵսʿ֮󷽵ĵڶ¸ǽҲײڵء
һĻȺУ˼˳˶׷ױɫ
ôܣ
ͺһⳡսȻͳ˧ս֮ǰϸߣЩǽ֮أ廹ڸߺʹһЩ֧Žṹ˾ּ𣬸ܱײ
ЩеĻҪǿ󣡡
ʯ䣬ͷԺзӶɫʱࡣ
ϣս˻˼ʱڣսǰѾ췭ظı仯
Ĵ֮ңһ¶¸ǽ¡һϵıײɳȥʳ˾ȻӲ岼õĴƷпһͨ
³ˣǸվͽˡ
ͻȻڵʳѾʹɱﵣƾǰߵͨʿǾԵֵסǵġ
ã
³û˵͵ػһ֣Ͻ죬ͨڣһȫ³󣬳պȥ
Ǻ󷽣ͬһ֧˵Ĵǰȥ
˹֮սʱ󶼻ԼҪĶ֣ÿֳֻһֶֻ£һ֮ս󶼻µĶԶտɱȡ
ϣ⻷𶯣ԾѪսΪģľ֧ȫۼһ籩㣬ͬǰӿȥ
棬Է糾Щʳܶܶȫˣ
Х޷˿裬Ȼڵ
󣬼桢Ԫһֻ΢һͷ漴˵һȺɽĶָڴ󣬳ǰȥ
ɺͳͬ͢˫ˮˮһˣҲ̫ܴӦ뵽׵սС
һβͬƺʹʳսϵشⲢǵȨᣬϵ˺գҲѶ
ҲͨĹϵټȻİŽԪһ˵İ
壬һսһ˵ȫԸϣ㲻ʧ
һǿľչԶԶģԪһֻһ˲ʧ١
ûж˵עȫǰߡ
Ԫһ˼һսƾ䣬䣡
¡¡
սգġչֳ޿ǵеâĸ߱һɹɴֱ򵥡ɴ࣬ϵĳײһǽ·һ㣬׷ױײ
Էߡս׷⻹ǵһ˿µľţֱǿƽ⡣
ɱ
ɱ춯أһ֧֧ƵĲӲϵıһӰϵ£ȥʧָտɴʱ򣬺¡¡һˮĺԶ
ͬʱϯһޱȵƣ
ˣ
֮УһƥӴĴʳ̧ͷһ۾Ϳ˶ľѪս;֧Ϣɱ˴μȴڶΪһԱƾӸ߳һصľӡ
Ѫս죬𣿡
кһս˲ŷǿҵս⡣
Ӧþ˹֮սлײ֧ˣΪʳѪʨնȨ̫ȤΨּǿĶֻ֣нǳ״ݻٵʱղܸоϵĿС
ֳͳɾͣԶԶȨս
ҽǳ׵˺ɣ
һ˿ɱ
һ̣ϣһ٣עȻ忪ķߣûĴƾӣֱĳǸ˾޴ģӭƮչľѪսǰս³ԼľֻĶɱȥ
¡¡
սڣֻӲϱƽˣ˲ս˫˵ע⣬ڼսľţƷնɱ޵ġ¾ߡҲһ˹
ɵľһж
ɱ
ʯ䣬۹ͻ³ƥƤë͹⻬ĺɫԣͫжȻŷһ˵Ĺâ漴ϵһʣһΪһҫ籩ЮŻԵض𣬴Ӱ֮УŴʳѪʨŭնȥ
һɲǣ̳³һӰ£ΧնŤˣէһȥеһжŤʵ
ߣ
һ࣬һȣһͬʱ˴Ϊһ⣬ӵڿնͬΪһµĻ籩Ŷ³ɱȥ
¡¡յĵһΪ¶һģԵĺɫպۡ
һħȻģȴޱȣӰ֮䣬¶һѪɫظԼһͷħ񣬺֮ǰսİ˹ȣͷħӵӴҲӵǿ


1859 
¡
ֻһǣַ·֮ͣУŰ˵ĿУպ³λĵ۹󽫶һǿֲʵֽȻͬһ㣬ҵײһ
¡һֲײȫǹսϵһ޺ôһɲҲ첻š
û˿У˽սֻ֪˵ĽһԵľ籩񱩵ͬһϯķ
飬˽ֵĵطΪ룬ΧӴڣŨҵֱ̳ʣɰǧǽţֱӱ˱ըɳȥսΪԵĴһƬհ׵ս
Ϊ˴ʳ
Ϊ˴ƣ

һɱ춯أʵֲװݵͬģ䡢Ⱦ֧ɵġʱصײһ
飬ܼײڶ˻У̶̳ʱڣǧƵӵ˻ŵ¡
֧ʳ۹棬ʵǿľӣһĶ֡
ɾ֧ľɵġšǴܹóǿľˡ
˹ͬǸʱ򣬲ִӦ䣬֧ӣȻ޴ӷӳѪս족ȫǾʱ䣬ͬʱֻ˸󶼻ǿ֧֣ڵġšѾȡ
ţ
һ쳹ǰ֧Уǰ˺ģǾ֧֮зǿġ۹Ǿ֧йˣͬﶼһġ
嵱Է糾ѵ֧ӣˡʱģֱ˿ֳ̲
䣡
һߴ䣬ҵ˻УЩ߷һǽĳ㣬Žףݺݵ̤սǰеֳԲܣϢᣬȫڳ˷̬ݶĺУԲײһһۿɼ𵴲ɢ
ֻļʿһ˻ţ𣬵ȴεֲһ
ʿգĿ࿴սϴĽʿѽȣټϾѪսŵâļӳãڼҲֵܹ˹һ
ţϣ
µͬʱ˻󣬾ں󷽣һʿĿͬһ㣬ִû˿ԥ̤ĲѸٵĿߣһ־һ£ɾķʽֱ˶
ͣѪ֣һսʿǰһֻһ͸ϵףǵڡ
۷Ҫ˱ģ嵱ѵ֧ӣͲģֻأȫˡ飬ֻһֹٵԶûһ׹
һֹƿǷֱ͸࣬ݴǵ࣡
ɱ
һ֮еĴɱ¡¡һս׹쳹սԭƺƵ޵еһǰȻ֮䱻赲
ͺŰĺˮȻ֮˵̰һе˲ֹͣ
ŵ⻷ӳ֣ھս£ЩҲûռκαˣڵһĽս˲٣
ôܣ
һĻУں³սգԼ󷽾ϵĴʥڹ̫Ҳ΢΢ɫ
ǹ̫һִױҲ繫ϵǿ֣ײŸӣսȣҪһּܹ򵥵ķʽߡƵķߣ˵ǵʵ
ϣ½粻кǵеı֣ⲻ˼һĻȴǰķ
ǲ˼ĶǸӦǷӳǿսԭɣ
ʱһӶߴ˾ڴʥڵԣ˿Ĳ
仰̫Ҳɫ΢΢һȴʲôҲû˵
·˹ˣ
ת˲䣬һǿʶգһ˵·˹Ժ
žգ
һ̣󷽣·˹ͬʱת˺һڹϵģػƵĽӡۣһɵĹâ汩ˣһɲǣӿڴʳϷƴ˷ϯ
һɵľӽгһ̣ջްھУȻֳһ¡
ˣ
һ࣬ƾ֮У۾΢Уע⵽ࡣ
Щԣ
һһ˫۹ѩޱȣ׵һ㣬ӹؿռ䣬ѸڴʳӺ󷽵·˹ϡ岢ʶʳ죬ʵ·˹ݸҪΪעȫеһΪĶ
һ
һþųߣĩ˷辣ͨںڵĽǿŵı鲼ŹϵֺͻƣһɹɾɵĹâʵʣϵ£һȦһȦССϵɢš
עĿģǡڡֱĺУһ־Өġ¡

һʯһͷѸٵӹԺ
ϱӲûмȴ˵Ϊʵ̫⡣֮УǰԶڴʳ۹֮ǰƬڴ󺣵Ĵֱŷһϵ
Ĺӵֲ˼
֮Уǰϵ֮Ѿʮħһʧʱ֮С
Ҳֻĩ֮ʱż˵Ĵʳ۹йֶ꼻һ֣Ȼͱ߳׵ռˡ
־Զļ䣬ѾҪˣôҲû뵽صڣһ̫״˶ⳡս֮С
Сģ
廹ֻüһ֪ͨǰ³ˣ´һԶâһ·˹˫ǸȻصĶ˵ϡ
ž
ޱȵļž
һɲǣʱ䶼·Żһ̣غµĵطһȦһȦ̳֮ߣ·ضܲס漴¡·ʱָһӴΪһɵĹ⻪·˹Ϊģˮһ㣬˷йȥ
¡ֻ˲Ϣʱ䣬ͿԿһɹۿɼĹâսǰڣԼǰдʳڡ䣬ɲǼ䣬һ춯صĻ쳹ս
սʿ𺳵ĿУϣѾǳǿĴʳϢϱǣһһ貵ս⻷˲֣ӳֵǵĽ¡
ɱǣ
˲Ϣ䣬ǧĴʳƴǣ׷׳ǰɱȥ硣


1860 ֮й⻷
飬ҵײУһԵĶܼսʿʱܼĹƵʵĹϰߣһȴȫͬ
ÿһʳĹ֮ǰȣԲһΡ
ۣһѪ͵ܼսʿҧֱ֣ۣһѸٸ֣ǱëϸѪܣΪʱڳ̫ѹʹѪȱѣѪѸٱ
ҪĻ
ֻеľ޶ܾ籩еĴֻһ㣬ҵĵʱ㸲
ãס
սǰһеĽ׼ȷֲԣһ˻
ʳľʵ̫ˣҪķͷΧҲʵ̫㣬˹֮սȫø֮ǽеĵ·ȫסڣöܱ϶ֵ
ֵܱסֹơоʱͻȫ߱ɽ
ĺû˿Գе
󲿶ӣţ
ȸоΣӦԵģǴеպɽֱһӣ䣬ƵĳɽѸٵǰһŴʳ߶ûһֱֱͦͦĵ˵ϡ
һУȫ޷赲ȣˮϯĴʳ
Ϊ˱£
Ϊ˴ʳ


ɱ춯أ˶ˣս󷽣ǹɰڣֹıЩʳʹǱøǿҲӰ쵽ǵľ
ʹеĴʳܲηһ·ûʲôսʤĸо
Щ
֥һĿǰطĶܼսʿѾֵסˡһϵȥߵ˵ϡо򣬵õİƺʵҲѸٷתʼѹסš
š˴ƸǶֿסôʿĴǻԵģǽǶŵưЧӦ̡ܾ
ߣ
һĻɫ΢䣬û˿ԥϣƺ֪⣬Ȼǰ̤һ˪ѩ£䣬һȦҫ۵Ĺâ籩һϯȫѸƹӵսĴʳϣֻգ֮䣬ͬǧĴʳµս⻷ҡҷ˲ࡣ

һľļӳ£ʳĴ磬ʱ˿̣ʱһƬңû֪ʲô֪ΪϢͻȻ½ôࡣ
ǴˣǴˣ
˳ˣ

ƻޱȣ˱Ҫֵסʱ򣬳ܵѹʱ١Ҫǣһʤ彨Ĺҵݻһ֣ھ󶼻ʿҲ֪ӵ⻷ȫԴ֡
ǰʾǴ˵еġ֮С⻷


һ󻶺춯أ
һ࣬ǰĿĲ˿顣
飡
û˿ԥʹſµİڣһǰ̤˳ȥ
ϣ̳ڵڶֻ̤µɲǣͻһɱ֮֮ǰӻֺꡢ財ƴĹâ͸о˰ɢսֶĴʳӡ
ֻһΣԵĲͨĴʳǼʳУЩġʳ佫
֮С⻷
һ⻷̤ǧ򣬴ССĴʳ佫оڵϢ½ֹˣеܵ佫⻷ļӳ֣佫ʵµеĴʳҲ׷׷ٴµ
һ󾪻̵ڶֳ֡·˹ܵӰ졣
ôܣʲôս⻷ȻԼӳֵԷϣ
·˹𶯲ѡ
ǴʳҲҪֶ֮һΪ⻷֮ŷȻ𣬵ʣѾܵ⻷֮Ѿñһ㣬пˡ
·˹֪УУûз
ߣ
ڴʱһߴξޱϴʥڹ̫һ׵ĳۣ˲Զϡ
ɲǣ̫û˿ԥ˲ǰ̤һ
䣬ͬٲһ̣˵ĿУһɽɫʵʣŨͬɫٲ㣬Ӿ󱳼Ϸ׹£ȻΪһȦ˶ĽɫâѸ˷ȥӳֵ
ϣ
һĺԭѾͬвϢΪĴʳͻȻ֮·עһǿһ㣬µõһǿעţٴι⻪貣ó
Ϣٴαóң
ġ֮С⻷֮͡С⻷Ѹٱˣ
Ϊʳ۹꣬һȳȨĴڣ̫׵ʵѳеĵ۹󽫣ﵽĵزô꣬ա·˹Ҳûô̫׳֡
ġ֮С⻷֮͡С⻷ǿȴڹ̫׵Ӱ췶Χ֮ڡ
ۼǰľٴαתһԣ̫ٱöʱüͷһҪǰ̤ͬһʱ䣬һҫ۵Ĺâۺأʱƿնȥ
̫׵ΪѾԽ۷ĵ۹󽫣սܹ͹̫׿֮٣¾³Ҳ޷֮⡣
֮Ĺ⻷ԻֵٱͬȼС
ٱˣȵһȣڻֵʱ򣡡
ۿþҪ֣ʱһͻȻڶͻȻˡ
󽫵Ĺ⻷ȻԴǿӣûдۺĵģʵȵĴ󽫣ڿսھͷų⻷ȻڿռƣһʵԷǿͻʹáնסսʱذɡ
󽫱ɱȻɽڵȻҲȻ޴棡
Ϊʲôսģﵽһ̶ȣԽҪս˫Ĵ󽫷ԽͷŹ⻷ԭ
Ǹ̫ףһܶԸˣ
嵭һ˵ţһԶξޱϵĹ̫ףһǰȥ
һ࣬óĬƬ̣ڵĹâɢȥѸٻָ糣
ȻᣬѽȣȻ֪廹ʲôֶΣţô˵ضаա
ǰĿңң˹̫ϣڹ̫׺ƴĹ⻷дʳϢǵɲǣйâһͬʱһɰľ籩㣬ڱ
ϣ
ĸУһһ㣬̫ҪҵĹ⻷ѸС󣬴ڱ䣬׹£ص䵽档
֮й⻷
Хű棬ֻ³˼֣һ̣ɽرǰĹâ·Хһ㣬˷Ѹٷȥ
û˿һǵľ䣬ʥڹ̫׵ս⻷Ѿ糱ϫսдʳϢһӴǽһ°Ľս⻷
ǵ屬ǵʳʱ⵽ҵĳ̫ͷųǿҹâţҵҡҷͬ籩㣬ǿȳʼα½


1861 ½ޣɳͶ
һɲǣ˵ǳǧֱܵӰĴʳ佫ξޱϵĴʥںʹ˾λʳ۹ߴҲ˲Ϊ֮ݡ
ߣ
̫һǱܵļӴͼǿ⻷Ȼͷųǵǰ㣬طӡǵս⻷ȴ˿Ӱ졣
̫һɫıࡣ
˼Ķǡ֮ӵ𣿡
һԣ˾ɫ۶ӸߴԶ壬ӹһ˿˿Ĺâ
綼гǧ򣬸ͬս⻷ȻѾ롣
һ㣬עǰǸǳԽףصĴڡ

Զһл̫׵Ĺ⻷ɫƽû˿Ĳͺһ޹ؽҪСһ㡣
ӡ֮С֮С¾򣬲ҽ΢ʱڽ⿪ˡ֮ʯиһµķ֧
֮С
һ⻷һʿֻһ佫Ѿ𣬴ģļ
ġ֮С⻷ȻֻǵһأѾԶԶˡ֮С֮͡Сˣǵ۹󽫣ǹ̫ǿĴڣҲ޷ȫֹ⻷
Ҳֻ֮ܽ͵һ̶ȶѣ
ֻһУԶûн
ˣһ⻷ɣ
ǰйâһһ̣ĵ⻷ƿն
ϣĺУһһȦŴ籡˰ϯܡصġ׶⻷Ծ˵ٶȣѸٷ
ǰ漸⻷ͬһ⻷ֱӼӳеĴսʿϣʮϢˮǴߣƶʱʼŴƵķб
ϣ
ս˻ڶع⻷£ǰߣһ֧֧Ѹȶס档
ţ
Ķպɽɫᶨֱ۲ϵľһδβϵĻ¡ܼȣУٵոĴʳˣǰߵѹ
͹̫׶Ծʱպɽͣߣһǰǽӽ߰ĴʳﵹѪ֮УҲ
Ǹյʵǿ³ֲס˼˳ȥ
һǿʶգǰͻȻڵ
ġ֮С⻷ּĵ۹󽫸ûãսǰߣ³տƴѽѷ֣ʵռϷһֱա
ڴ֮ǰºٻţΪ飬ӵнʮսġ۹ͻȻһʳˡ
³סһҪܡ
ϣ
һԽĽգĻ˼˳ɫ㣬ϵĳ˵ֱӿսϣս˻ֻһգۣ˼˳ѾһԶġʳѪʨɱ˹ȥ
䣡
һ⻮գƥϯķ˼˳³ǿķ籩ſѹסա
𣡡
ͻȻһ޵У΢𣬺͸֥ŤͷȥһͷŤ壬ڱܹҪ֮͵һ˦ͷڤڤУһɰİ׹ŨޱȣѸٽһ¾ߡײɳȥ
ϵ˺;ʹҲݼͷԴ󷢣˻УͷȻﶸȻӿٶȣͬɨҶ㣬ǰĴƬǽʹսʿԶԶɣҽ֮ڶǿҵ𵴲̳ɵķΧ
ֳ£ͳҲܵӰ졣
̫ˣǷĵĵطҲ̫ˣ֧Ų̫ã
֥ǵǡ巢Щͳ󣬵Щͳ̫鷳ƾʮܾͳ޷ȫ赲Щޣƾֻǳ¡
ңʳʵ̫ˣ
ʱ
嵭׸֥˼ȴԥľܾˣ
ٻҪʱ򣡡
˵ⷬʱû˿ⳡսƼңʵŸոտʼھͿסδ͸ӿסˡ
±պɽɣһиҪҪ֡
嵭

ͬʱԶľ󱳼̫ͬڹս
оλãڲͻͬ˵ҸӴѹȻ濴˫ƾУǴʳӴģԶ˵ľӣעսеһ̶֮󣬾ǶԷױ֮ʱ
򣬾޾ҲЧֳƣ⻹ǹ̫Ҫġ
̫һ£ͻȻ
ˣɳͶľ޾ţ׳˵⣬ɵЩ¾ߣ
ǣ
һٵѸٳԶȥ
ߣڵ𣿡
ʳ󷽣ӵһʳЦһˡ
ʳ˫ɫۺӿݣսһ㣬ΪªƺһΪҵս
ɳͶ
̫´֮һºš½ޡսΪǿ˹֮ս˺ͷλͳ˧ս֮ľ˾ӾͼȺ׵Ļ״̬սҲΪ
ɳͶֱ֮ӽӹľ˾ţʹʳ۹ѾʧĹѵʽֱӽЩľսһ
׼ɱ¾ʱˡ
һЦɳͶĳһ˶󣬱ŵ⣬ءѪƵĴʳ䵶¡ɳͶһ˶ʱһը̳ϳһĻβͰĺۼ
ݣ
ɳͶһľҲ˷ܵ촽ϵһŵ
󣬴غǧľ罭Ӿ£˲仯Ϊһεĸڹ̳Уǵأһִݿ࣬޵֮ƳŴƵ˹ȥ
ϣ˳ȥͬʱǰһɫľ޴⻷ӰɳͶɢѸٷӳֵÿһľ¡
õļӳ֣ľϢʱһء
ɱ
ľﶸȻһ춯ص˻ǿҵɱ糱Ҫʮ
ҰЩͽͳͳɱ⣡
ɳͶĿ̣΢ϣ˫֮һ˿ɺ졣
˷ܵı־
ߣ
֮У忴һĻɫ䣬û˿Щľ½϶պգ˶Ϊ֮η壬ǶµĴ˵ԶһȺ°ܽ
ҵս׼սʱˣ
ӣվ˽ԸһİҲͳ˧ر󳵲ӣվˣ
պɽ׼ѻ

ɫ򶨣ǰû˿
ҵΪǡѦǧͳ˧ųǧͬŶľɱȥ
䣡
һɲǣؾ㾲ϱһɾս⣬˲뿪ԭأ֮٣Ŷȥ


1862 ֮£ϣ
٣𣡡
Ⱥ֮УɳͶоǹɳƣ̧ͷһۣжʱӹһ̵Ĺâ
ҿνﵽжɣ
ɳͶ˵ʳǿľﾫ񾡳£ܸһ֧
ʳ۹ûз
ĶսȻ綼ġ
һսѾֹǹϵľˣغĽϡ
˹֮սԼ佫һ޴ĳ裬ϴˢ÷ʽɱԼ磡
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬ڰɳͶľսǰɱʱͻûκףɽХһ㣬һ̣һ֧֧˲ӹգɳͶľ

ս˻һдѪУ԰ټƵľ߶ûһд̴ˤ䣬˵ڵء
ͬһʱ䣬֧׼˰ɳͶ˹
âһʯ䣬ֻһѪɳͶһ죬Ȼ֧ȫУ֮С
޼᲻ݣµȻûܶ԰ɳͶκ˺
ȸֲ֣ô׶䴩
ɳͶŤͷƳһۣͷǲĹâԼ·ʱЦһһ۱˳
ȸ֣
ĸֲķ˼㣬ʳ˲֪˲ɳͶֱչõĴʳҲòķ
ֻϧֻд˶ķ
һζڰɳͶ˵ҪһĿ꣬ռ֮󣬳ȸֵĶ췽ʹʳӵսһ¥
ЩͷԺһӶɳͶܿ´
ɢͣ
һ£ľȻɢž޾ܵĴƾɱȥ
䣡
ľսʱʱ¶ɣо޾ܵ£ĴƾӶʱɽ
ɱ
ľһ֧Сӣһ֧Ʋķ߳ȥʱһв˽ȥ

ֻһĲҽУһľһƶܱսʿҽţݺɳȥ
ǿԵֵʳһĳȴֵסЩľǧĹ
¡¡ľﲻϳܵĴʿû˿Եֵ
Щһ
һĻԶպɽҵ׷üͷ
˭Ҳû뵽ľʱתʿ˫սһպɽƱػ˼ҵ˵ľıԺ󣬶ھ޾ź󷽣ҵﷴ
Ҫͱֱ޾ŵĹװݣӴľǰҲһ΢Ծ޵Ӵ׾ܶɾ޴Ĵˡ
Ӳľս͸ӵֵס޾żľϣȫĴ֮֮ҵֻӼĴױ
ݣ
û̫ԥҵǰкһ漴ԥγǱ޴ȸֽ´˽
ȫ
žҵ͵һһڿĺеȳŶһͷͷɽͰӴľ޳ɱȥ
ɱ
󣬳ǧԾڹ̳Уҵǰɱȥ
һǧߣ˰ٳߣٳߡ˫ľԽԽȻҵȴû˿ͣļݸɴ͹ԶİɳͶΪ⡣
Ȼֻһ˲ɳͶһתһƵ佫ɱȥ
޴ҵҪжͣ
޵ʵӴޱȣǵһһӵӴⲻκܹܵ˵ġＴҲҪܲʧڰɳͶ˵ǡǡϣġ
ٳߣٳߣһٳߣ
𣡡
һͷӴԳξޣë˫Ŀɺ죬ͻȻоʲôһתӴ͵سǰѹ˹ȥֻӴԳſư㣬գȳݺȥ
ϣ
ս˻հ£ֻ޴Գƻû£ӴѹѾ𶯣ϢȻԾԳĹû˿ɣٶȶû˿
Щһﵽʲô
һǣԶնע⵽ı仯Ŀ͸ɻɫڵľٶȫɱɡ
ʮߣʮߣʮߣ
Ȼһ̣˲˼鷢ˡ
¡
ʯ䣬ھ޴ԳµɲǣǧﻯΪ㣬ķʽܷɢǧһ֮ʣԳξ޵Ĺ
¡𶯣̳ԳξֻӴƺݺڵϣӲĵʱͬϡһȥһɶľ޴ӡ
ûȵͷԳξ޹һĽУһ޴ȸֽն£ʮɸߵĵطݺնԳξ޵ͷ
ɫľ콣ʵʣƥһԳξ޵ͷ­ڣʹ֮£ͷԳξı䷽ٴңͷľ¾ߺɱȥ
Ȼûľ£һܼܾͳٴηݺͷԳξޡ
߶ʱٴδҲϾ˼
󷽣һֻֻ޴Ľգ£Ϭţ״ޣʨξޣҰţξޡָľޱ鲼ʱ򣬵ʶʱɵв޴ΪƶĹԽ޷жϣһױ̤ࡣ
ּġսУûκεһ̤оӵף㱾ʵٸߣҲһֵס
Ȼһ̣չԼΪ½
еһɢңһè㣬˼㣬ĸľ޹Ҳжô䲻⣬Ժ֮֮յܿ
ֻһ˻֮㣬˳Ӿ޾дȻûһˡ˵ľԶЩʳܶܶĿɿڴ
Ȼ˵֧ȫԱװȸֱǸܵ˼
ôܣ
Щֳļֱ߸ǵ֪
£Щֳ¾ľﶼ޷
棬ҵѦǧȴɫ糣
֮˱֣⻷޹أĹҲ޹أ˴ڸɽ󴨣ɽ֮ж֣ݶԱġ


1863 ֮££
ˣ
ۿͬӺˮһ㣬һͷͷ޵Ľ³̶ʱ˭Ҳûע⵽Զξ޵ı˾һۣжĲһ¡
ͬʱս֮УһͷɽͰϬξͻȻһ£ԭھγľѻ£ʶȥ̤һ˵Ŀհ׵شʱȴŤͷסһ˵
һֻ޴ģʯҲͻȻ֮ı䷽֮ǰٶȣλķ̤ȥ
һٶףǶҲ¶һ˿ݡ
޵жģģԲ׶ͱ޳Īȫ¡һͷĪľޣԶʮͷ޶ԶԸȻ¿̣ھ޿Ҫµɲǡ
䣡
һɰľ糱ˮһ㣬бɲǵ֮ٻͷϬξޡԭӦӰľڻϬξ޵ɲȴǷһҲ·εĶײһ㣬ʹһ޴ƫɣ¡һ̤һ򣬱ܹ
֮ӣ
ʯ䣬һĮޱȣȻԺԶξޱϣ˾ԭٿϬξޣʱȴɫһȻŤͷ˶棬е塣
ĸ֪ʵ̫񣬸ոһɲǣ˾ԭҪмͷޣشȴһˡھսΨһв˾ģһϸµģҲֻˡ
˾Ŀ֮Զû˿ֹֻϧһ΢ǿߵ壬û
ߣ˾ĶңȻҪս㣡
һһ˵ðޱȡ
˾Ī⣬˾ηǶ˵ھû˿η塣
һƬž˾Ĭֻգ۵ʱ䣬һ˿ĹâĴбš
¡
һ̣ҡضӿɰ磬ȴȻͬľŻһҵײһʵеսУʲôûб仯ûж֪ھ췭ظ
λǿľʿһ̣δ֪ＤҵĽսһ

¡¡Ҳʹ˾λǿʿ֮սսĸԤͱӣеʱ¡¡ľУǧﲻϵǰȥֻƬ̵ʱ䣬еѾӾ޾֮дȥ
ɱڣԭɱڵĴʳʱһƬңһ¶ηɫɳͶ˫֮Ҳ͸ؼɵıԭսԡ
ˣ׼ӭУ
һ߿쳹սеľٴλ۶ֻһΣƺ֮ǰ΢΢һЩͬȻðž޵Ĺԥĳɱɱһֲ
ϣ
ս˻ľԭɢĴյȴٴ뺣㣬˲˼ϣʾ˱ǿѵʡȻҲɼϵɲǣ棬ҵ۵糸˲
ϣ
ֻһĺͬǧĸ𵴣˵ﱾѾΪǿ󣬵ǾһɲǣҵϹâһһȦĹâƴޱȣȻϱӳֵĽ£Ϣʱٴβһء
¡¡ͬһʱ䣬䣬ƻ۶Ͽգ֮׵罻ӣ·Ϣཻڡ

ֱһ̣ҵŷ
ʲô
һĻɳͶһȫʧȥ侲Ȼ˹ੲݵ˵һֱһ̣ɳͶ󵽵ʲôֻһжѾˡ
䣬ֻһܼĸײҵȻһѦǧԼɽеĸֱ֣ĳ˰ɳͶ޴ȸֽͬһ˹ȥס󣬳ǧ飬ãã纣ֱĳȥͬһУݺݵĲľ֮С
֮Уеﶼɫ俢Ӳͬһ㣬ͷ·ǰĵ˸޷˿Ĳûʹκθӵ󷨣򵥵ĲȡˡʸΡֱĳȥ
ʵҲӡ֤ĵĸ߰ӡ֤Ϊ½ǿʵ

һľͻȻһģĲҽУһȺУͬһ㣬ıգڽӴһɲǣڵѾܵش顣
飬ľűա
Ծ֮У֧µľȫǶ֡ܰɳͶѾǵʵķâǰɱɽһεĲҰܡ
ͣһһľ˵ﷴӦ˲䱻һһķʽӲ·һϸСķ϶Ӷȥ漴Ѫ罦һ˶ͷ­תţ߸ߵķ֮С
ⲻܣ
ɳͶҧ͵۾ƺȫԼ۾
ÿһʳ˶ǽģرġʥһӴĴʳ۹ҲܴһСӴĵ۹̲£Ұˡ
ﾭ֣ʤҲͰˣǰɳͶôҲû뵽ԼǿѵġľˡȻ˵Ĵһ棬Σȫ֧Ķ֡

ɳͶŭХһ¹⻷𵴣һɰϢͬһʱ䣬о޴Ĵʳ䵶ţлһ졢µĻΣ֮ƣҵѦǧ˺ݺնȥͼЩ˺ݺ֮Уıⳡս֡
ɽֻն
࣡
ѩɽǹ

ȻӦɳͶȴһ籩ĹҵѦǧǵ޼䣬һ׺ݵʽɳͶݺݵм䣬ȫ޷׳һ
°ɳͶŭҲ޷Ƽ˵ķߡ
ʵҵǹǵˣͳͳǰɳͶĶ֣ԺϣΪĲ£Ѿǳо顣
ҰɳͶ֪ǣս֮ǰжľｫΪǿҵвӵµǿͳ˧صǰҵѦǧǵе֮ǣǻϡ
ԤԤϣɳͶ֪˫֮仹Զû棬ѾƵģ
ɱ
ɳͶͬŭʨ㱻סʱץסᣬǧĴľƲһ㣬ܼײвϵĵ¡
Ѫ׷״׷϶ӿ
˹֮սľ飬ԸЩͬ׵ľѾǳоˡ



1864 ɣ
䣡
Ȼʱ˿̣һһġսͬţҼҺճ̶ȣʵսй֮޲
ʹ˾λľǿߣֻľʱһ㣬ͣļսײš˷ֻľͺǧĴ㣬˴˶ݡײɱȻ
˵ľѾԽףµ۹󽫼ǿߣǰҲϰ㣬Ե΢
ĳ̶ֳϣǡ񡱵ս
ʹ˾󣬶΢µǷˡϣ˵ľиգֻǳөֻǿ̽ⳡսһǣҲη壬սս
ǿľȷʵ̾Ϊֹ
찵أտ˵ľ˾Įھÿһ
ֻϧսʤҡ
òϣȷʵҹĿ࿴֮ѵʹѶϾû뵽ȻҲܵôǿľʿ
˾
ߣû뵽黹кֹܶ࣬ǿľʿһһԻ㡣
Ӵͬھÿһδ䣬ڱϣкһѸٷ
ɣ򣡡
һ̣硱飬ֲľ糱ˮϯѸٶԴ˾˽
ʹ˾Ȼһֱڽ֣һȴȫͬǿȳʼαѸٰ𣬺¡ѣӰһӴѸٽ˾һİ֮С
âһ˾İֳ֮壬һ̧ͷͷǸ޴ģһǳصӴգҲ˲ɫ
ʳ˾һĴڣηޱȣһ˿һҵ˼УΪ֪ϣ˿Ժʹ˾Կ
Ȼ뵽粻ֹпԺʹ˾ԿˣҾȻ˾ʶϳ壬״뵽֮С
ʵκ֪˾ڵ˶е𺳣
ļȻûджϲûи߹ԶԶ͹ˣ벻㲻ϵľһѧϰյľ򣡡
ֻɲǣ˾عиɢ޾ĸº·ҪеһжգԵ̾
õʬ壿
üͷ΢壬ͻȻڵ
˹֮սɱ˵صף֮ûȥ⣬ڿ˾ȻѾõʬ壬ʹĳķԺеõ˹Լļ䡣
ȻԼʱսԼʩչʽԴ˾Ѿܡ
˵ɾʲô£
һ࣬˾ȴǳĬ
ǺǣȻǻ֮ӣֻòΪѧ֮ԷԸҰɣ
˾ȻһЦһ̣һ΢΢һУԲڣŤ粨ͬһʱ䣬ڴ˾ϷһĹâͻȻ֣ѸٷⷢȣͿ
ᣬʴҫߡֶϵĴӴ˾бŷֻգ۵ʱ䣬𺧵ĿУһ̫Ȼ˴˾ϷҲϵķ޾Ĺâ
ܣ
һɲǣкݺݵһ¡ôû뵽ʳ۹صĴ˾Ȼ˿£ֻһԼգȻеԭҴ˺Լһģһա
޶ۣΪֻܴڰԵԨ磡
˾תӴޱȵգкԼ̾ͣ
֪ȻҲԴԵĶ֮޷̫Ϊʵ⣬Ϊ̫ʵ̫Զû֪̫ľ幹ԭԭäĿĴ죬ҲֻǴһԲѡ
ʲЩҲûãֻû뵽Ȼ˹㣡
˾˵ţƳһ徫գ
治ǻ֮ӣӵ̫ܣȻ̫Ĺ춼ܹ֪Ҳֲ֯Ҳȫ֪ǵܣֻϧǻ֮ӣھҪԸңҲֻǰŪ
˾ⷬ˵Ƶᣬֻڳĳּ׶ʵھ˿ֲǿǰҲֻд˾ŵ˵ⷬ
𣿡
ͫһ漴ʲôЦ
Ǿҿ㵽ж
¡
ʯ䣬ֻһһ̣ǹǳأͬʱɢޱ͸µľ޴˲ţ·Ĵ˾ݺ˹ȥ
һ¡¡ڶһɲǣ綼·ܲסɿֲһ㡣
·˾ȴһݣĹָֻһһ̣Ϸһͬƿնһ㣬յպȥ
ֻһգֻۣһ춯صľ죬һһСձصײһ
¡
һɲǣؾ㾲ʱ䶼·ֹͣһ̣ҡضޱߵŴĿĹâ˷俪
½磬⻹ǵһͬʵ޻ڣӲӲײһ𣬶һǡա־δֹ
ײ̶̵ֻһ˲˾۳ձ㳹׵ķˣ֡աֻСһȦâһ룬漴˿֮ǰٶȣ·Ĵ˾ȥ
̫ˣѧҵΣվֻƶƣǶǣҵֵ
Ц쳹硣
˾ȷʵƽľƣ֮ǰ½ʷϻûгֹľʿ˾ڣⶼһ̤򣬵Ǵ˾ֻǿһ飬Ȼ̫ԭľУһһģһգֱ̾Ϊֹ
κεһ޺͹̵ģ˾츳ߣҪ˲Ϣ֮Ҳܡ
̫һģһϸ΢кܴĲٴ˾ûܹȫ̫ԭ۳ǿ̫ҲǴﵽĳѡ
Ҳԥյԭ
¡
ڶ̫֮ٶȲɴ޾͸·Ĵ˾ݺݵ˹ȥ
һδ˾ЩֲվӦͱǿž޴̫ݺݵУĿĹâޱߵ˲ҵıը硣
еĹâʧľжʱһƬžֻޱ޼ʵĺڰ


1865 ˹ֳ֣
ž
ޱȵļž
һǣʱ䶼·ֹ΢۾ɨ硱Ȼһ̡
ôܣ
֪ըһϤӰͫ΢ıɫ
˾
սıը˾Ȼһۣ˵վǰĹȻûκεӰ졣
ӡ̰
ʱ򣬴˾̧ͷǵĮޱȣ
˹֮սֻһҵʱ䣬ȻѾɳ˾磬ֻƾһգʷǿľʿ֮һˡֻվ̫ˣ˵ģڵ㻹ûвҡѵΪͽѧԸʦ𣿡
˾˵ţжһ˿Σյɫ
һ̣ĿУ˾һָСѸٶһ㣬¡ضҡǿģ赭дһָȴӵݰӴ۵磬ԭιޱȣһɲȴ·⵽һ˫ξֵײҵ
¡¡һڶ
ã
һݣжʱӿһǿҵΣոУһѾˡ
˾򵥵һָԶƺƴջҪֲΣա
꣬һ޴Ŀ˷һѾܲס˾˲ѿ϶Ȼһ澵Ӱ㳹鿪
¡
һ죬˲

һˣʹ˾ڼҶΣյľսʱϣƺʹʳ֮սҲԽڼҡ
ɱ
һɱ쳹أԴԴϵĴʳ˳һβϯʳ۹ѹԵľʼƣǰߵ¶ܻдĴʳǰͺ̵ĳƺԶɱһ
ƸżӴѹ
ͦס
ַ
֣ȣ
עΣ

һ쳹أ˶ڷܾȫ赲ʳɵĺЩкˮһ㣬Ӹ۶Ĵʳһ¶³ǽķ϶ϵķɱ
Ƶķֹ£ܵȥ
𣡡
ֻһƴжΣһͷվŭţȻͷһֻ޴󡢼Ӳ·ֱش£ֻһͽһܴƳѿ
ЩͨԸ죬Ӳĵطí˼ӹ̣쳣̣ɵסվ˵һȭ㲿Ƭ˷䡣
䣡䣡䣡
һͷһͷվһһܳ󲻶ϴݻ٣սʿҲھбֲ𵴲ݺɳȥ
Ѿ˳׼˺İϣټ֮鷢ġ޼СҲ޷סеĽվˡڽվ˵ֻҪֻҪһȭܻٵһܳ
Сģ
ע⣡
һ飬׼룡

Խվ˵ĹЩңһܼ󳵷׷ȥʱһ侲ͻȻУٴ
һ飬սʱı乥Ŀ꣬빥վ˵У
ڰˣʮʮʮĿ׼վˣȫţ
պɽƽû˿ƺûʲôܹΪ֮ݡպɽ䣬һɽѵľУǧƵı䷽תܼĺЩӴĽվˡ
໣
ʮ⣬һͷĽվ໽һ˲䱻ʮϼޱȵĽҲܲסñѿֻһ漴۾廹ƣȻľ׮ֱͦͦĵԵʬѪ͸Ľ׷϶Ѹٵʡ
һͷͷͷ
պɽĲѸٷãЩĽվ˽һ˺ŵЧӦ֮ǰʱֹһΣա
ڳѻͬʱһࡪ
ϣ
һں޴ĽеƿնѸǯЩ˵˫ȣЩ޼С֮ɱһ춯أһ֮ǰɣ˦ɵİӳԱ˫ֳֵٴδ̤˶ȥ
󣬺䣬һľҵʹһ㣬ЩʹôС
ŸҲٴμսţǵľѾΪģͷҲ亹乣ⳡսУеŸֶǰͺ̣ȫƴһ㣬ûй˼
ⲻֹһĹ֮սЩ˵ͬҲǵ֮ս
սڼ
˫ѾͶ˴ÿʱỵ̈ʳ۹ǰ涼ڲϵĻǰƽʷǰǿˣʳ۹ҲӴĴۡ
ʬɽѪϱСʳս죬Բ۾ڵصսǧϳ״ĴʳսʿսжۿɼѪ
ֻǾˣҲ޷ֹѪҪĴʳˣ
ڴ֮Уһʳܶܶ佫ڲϵĶսţߴãã纣Ĵǰͺ̣˰㲻ϵĳˡ
ҪʤͱȻҪֻۣҪܹʤֻҪܹԷôеĸնûر
ڴʳ˵Ѿٹ̵ĸпԶֹǣ
ʱ˿̣սԽҵʱ򣬻谵£ûжע⵽Զ󷽣һϢɱݼ㣬ӰעǰߣжĲһ¡
ΪǰεѪܶͳ˧˹ֶⳡսѾ֪ڴãϴ̳ĻᣬͬʱҲΪʲô˼ʥڹ̫ױļҪսԭ
һս֮ǰ˹ԭѾɹ˹̫ŵΪһȷ棬Ȼ벻ǣսʼڣ˹־Ȼһ̬ûеһеĳսսڴ󷽣һֱ͡
û֪λǰεѪܶЩʲô
ˣ
˹ǰͻȻˣ
ڵҳֵʱˣһΣҪϴϵĳ裡
һ仰ֻа˹Լ
ʮսײ˹ˡ˸һսôˣֻԼŻˣÿÿ£˹ֵĶڵѪ
֮ǰʼ˹־ͶԼ˵žֻһĿ꣺
״ݻˣԼĶ۹
ֻϴϵĳ裡
ϣ
һ̣һԽĲ쳹գû˿ף˹һĲϵĳⳡսĵһ
Ἧ׼
߿ޱȣ¡һ̣ضҡĴʳܼ꣬Ծ˵ٶѸŰ˹ۡ
أֻգ۵ʱ䣬˹ֵãã纣ѸپۼһƬɭϣɱڵš
ϣһ⻷ɽ籩㣬ѸٴӰ˹ֽɢ飬ãã纣Ĵ֮УˣһɵĹâдٶȡݡȫˮǴߣԾ˵ٶ


1866 ɵս
ɱ
˹ֳһӣ˲һھ˱ըУһȣǰҵսȥĴʳɾ·֮㣬ƿնڴһԾ˵ٶȳǰȥ
һǧɣǧɣǧɡ
˹ͳĴٶԽԽ죬ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һͷս֮У˴Ƶоӵĵط
λãۼ˴Ĵƾ񣬶ܱǹ֣ãã纣ʳľ˼ǿҵĵֿĳ̶ֳϣ֯ķߣͬһһ㣬赲Ŵʳӵĳ
ĵֿͷ˼ңڲٵĴʳսʱʶıܿ
Сģ
ȫ
ͻȻ֮䣬һս˭Ҳû뵽˹ֵľͻȻսսϣҲע⵽һ֧ϢĽӽȵƾӷֵʱѾˡ
¡¡
˹Ĵֱ룬һѵĿսо֮䱾;ۼ˴ľټ϶ܱ͸ǽİȫԳŵԮִ
𾪵鷢ˣ˹ֵĴȥʱڴƵо֮䣬Ȼݵĳһ޴ķ϶
¡˹Ĵһа㣬˳˿һŵķ϶ʱݺݵĲ˽ȥԭӦ÷ܣĵطʱ򷴵ôޱȣֹˣ˹ֵĴʱͱ任Ѹٽ϶ͬʱҲƵо׵ķָ
һЩԭͬһ֧ľβжϣֳأʱһƬҡ
˹ֵıȲ壬Ǻڰμ֮Ķ֮УԴƸ󶼻ѵ̶ȣ˹ֻһлɳˣԴ֮˴ڰ˹ֶͳ˧˵Բܴ
¡¡ս˻һ͸֮ײڶû˷Ӧо֮˲һƬҡ
ã
Զ֥һĻ˲ɫ
ʵһֱⰬ˹ֻ֣ϧ˹̫ƻ̫̣˹ĲҰܾһݷУҲʹñǰԶԸӳ˹ƺѷнĹУڱԼȵ֥ʱ򣬰˹Ѿɹ֡
ϣ
һս˻Ĵսʿ׷׵ȥ̶ʱڣ˹ɵĳѸ󣬴ƬƬķŵư㲻ϱʼֱ࣬ľƣоźŵսҲܵӰ졣
˹ֲѣһˣһγ졢ݡ׼ȥоûбҪȳˡ
˹֮ս󣬰˹һַʽٴεǳٴչԼ½ͳ˧ʵ
ϣ
ʯ䣬һƺգ֥ɫݣ˲ԥγϵĳңңָİ˹֣
дȫϣһ
δ䣬һϣĳ˻У֥һԾһ㣬һһ޻صƣǰȥ
ϴˣ
ɱ

ڸ֥󣬳ǧϯԪ졢¦ʦǵХһһͬԾ
Ǻ󷽣غƵĴڸ֥һ㣬ǰɱȥ
ݣ𣬸֥¸ոؽõľȫû֮ңӽ֥ʦʱ򣬸֥Ѿǰж⾫˳
ս¤ı˿ڰ
ڵĸ֥սҲ۷壡
˹֣Ķңһս
ʯ䣬һХս˵ĿУ뻹жʮĵط֥ϢΣ˴ڿնһӹؿռ䣬Ծ˵ٶŴеİ˹ּնȥ
˼
·һڰըɵв֥ͣЮž˵Ļһֿٵ֮ƣŰ˹ֺݺն˹ȥ
һ֪֥࣬ϤϢ˹ֶתͷһǣһŨɱб
֥ãҵܾˣ
δ䣬˹ֻϢ糱ϣǱһԣͬһʱ䣬˹һ죬󳸳һ˶ĺɫʳ䵶䣬ֻһգۣ˹ֲܣ𣬱ֱĳŸ֥˹ȥ
¡
λ۹ײһһײһŰɫһ㣬ұը
һƽɫȻ˭ҲûռϷ磡
˹֮սʱ򣬸֥Ͱ˹ȣЩ࣬һν֣֥Ժͥ񣬶˽ֵʱ򣬻һӴӸ֥Ϸء
ôܣ
һɲǣ˹кݺݵһ¡
Ϊﵽ۹󽫣󲿷ֶѾܹͣɾͣﵽߵľ磬֮ǰѾﵽˣȵʱ򡣵۹ϣҪͻƣϼѣκһ¡
һʱ䣬֥Ȼֱܹ˼顣
ֻǣ˹ֺܿûʱȥ˼Щˣ棬֥ݣ糱һ֮һն
ں󷽣ϣս˻ڸ֥ס˹֮󣬳ǧϯԪ˴ıͬһ뵽˰˹Ĵʳ֮С
ɱ
һɲǣĵ⽣Ӱ˸գıʿʹʳȮѸٽսһ
һս˭Ҳûкˣĵ绨˻УһʿʳӶϵĵ˵ϡ
ѸٷӳԼǧսƵоѾܵ޴ĳ³Ͱ˼˳ǶܵӰ죬Ҽпܵ²ɴȵĺǸ֥ͱƴսͺһ̰ӣԭҪķȶ

󷽣һĻʱһӹһ١
˴ǰߣѻһƽУվ佫ûָӹ͵սⳡ¹شսۣҲǳޡ
ֻһսΣأһҲǴδй
սʼڣѾ̫εΣա

һƷʶǰ̫ٱãͬ޴󽫾˼սڣͶսѾӽʮսϣΨһںûвսľúͰ˼λˡ
սûһڣҳֵʱ򣡡
֪Ŀ⣬ƺ֪ʲô˼һƽ
ֻǵ˵ͷûж˵һתͷٴǰߡ
ʮ
Զξޱϣʥڹ̫ƮƮǰֲµսüͷ΢壬ԥ
ǣ
·һܿ췭һƥսѸپȥ
ϣ̫ɫ䣬гɭɱ
սеһʳʧıѾԤٳʮ൱Ķɥʧ󳵲ӵСʧһ֮սŸոտʼ̫׾Ѿʧʮ
Ѿ൱ˣ
ֻǶڴʥ˵˶Ѿ޹ؽҪˣֻҪܹսʤƹ׵⡣
ҿǻֶܼã
ʥڸǰĿӹһĨ˵ĺâ


1867 ó֣
¡¡ڴʥڵ֮󣬴󷽣𶯣Ļҳһ̣ǧս˻ʮԭںĴʳһӿĸһ˻ţбĴʳ䵶֮٣Ѹٳǰɱȥ
䣡
ʮʳ룬ǰߵսԽң޾Ĵʳɫ˷ǰߵ˳ɱȥ
ȥʮ򣡡
̫һֱעǰƬ̵ʱ䣬һӣһʳ˼ս֮СƬֱ̣̫һӣٴγɱȥһȻûǰ漸࣬Ҳﵽʮ֮ࡣ
ǰƵѹӡ
ţţţ
󷽣պɽһһ飬ϵ´
ս塢á³ͷ¾պɽȻֻһ֧ӣպɽȴҪݺȫ֣ʱעÿһطĳЩʱҪ֧Ԯ
սڣպɽͳ󳵲ӻɱĴʳѾս󲿷ּǵ֮
һսе⣬󳵶պɽ
ȻѾĹ룬Ĵʳȴû
պɽûӵɽһôֵ׼Ȼȱ⡣
Щ쵰
ʯ䣬Ŷһ˸ӭƮչĺɫʳ죬ԼɫϳĴʳպɽӹһ˿ĺâ
⻹ǵһαƵ־أ۴ʳжˣҲжôηֻҪսϣ;׳һ
ţ
һ£պɽһӣ䣬ɽХĻУܼ꣬˲仮ؿռ䣬ǰȥ
ҽڶٻ
ѾˣⳡսʤǰܣͿˣ
ڤڤУպɽĿһʶƳо򣬺ʹʳǿġš˺ɱһġš
оǴڣ󳵲ֻܴԸ޷յĽ
оսԽңÿʱÿ̶дʿ£Ҳоš⻷⻷𵴣ཻд̴Ѫˮ֯һƬ
ⳡսеĻҪѣ
Ѫս̫ʱǿս֮еĶĵΪսڵģֻҪľ֧ţټϾѪսļӳ֣ľž½ġ
ھŵ⻷ļӳ£κһŵսʿ׽һʳ˴նΡ
ֻһΣϴȴʳ۹ǿĴš
֧ľ֣ţһʱ֮ɱѷ֡
ò˵ڿս֮ǰ˫˭Ҳû뵽ϾȻܹԼͬǿĶ֡
ɱ
һ˻쳹أ֧ɱѽѷ֡
һ࣬³˼˳֮սͬ˽֡
ˣǼֲ˶ˣǺ󷽻ӴľӣҵҪǴʮӻֶܼã
շЦ޴䵶Хţ⴩أиգһ̶˲
䵶ڡأм˸ɫĹâÿһκͰ˼˳³ײʱ޴ıը
Ȼʶ䵶ӵмǿ֮䵶ûֱ켣Ǳ仯Ī⣬ձǿΪֱ˷ʤһжƾȻ˿·硣
棬³ĬֻһһУƴϺգһԵİ˼˳ͻȻˣ
˵̫磬ⳡսûнҲûռƣھ˵Ӯ̫һ㣡
Ԥϣ˼˳˵ľȻǴʳȻɬ̫ѾȷԼ˼
㾹ȻǴʳ
棬¶һ˿ȡֹ³Щȡ
˵ΪϵôһЩͻ˶ʳû뵽˼˳ȻҲ˵ǰɴûŹ
˼˳ôϻɱӣЩһʦԶѵΪЩС𣿼ȻٸһˣһܹŻȥ
³ɫݣ˵ţͻȻһ͵һա

һг֣ջХӿ³ŤȻһͷ޴İ׻
䣬һɲǣ޴İ׻黯ʵһʯײĻϡ
ܵ³ȫ˲һЩտڲȫӦԡ
һĻ³һԽӽˡ
յʵǿޱȣڴʳоڼ䶥Ĵڣر䵶ʤ³Ͱ˼˳ֶûռˡ
վǿֻҪܹ䵶ֱĥҲȻֻаһ;
һ࣬˼˳⣬ʩչ³ͬսƹյĴ˫УֱӺϡ
籩һٴصļս֮С
ХսĿǼɱĴƺʹʳ󷽣ԽԽĴʳܶܶڶ佫뵽ս֮Уѹڲϵӡ
飡
ͻȻһƥߴ˶ĺںɫսƤë͹⻬̧ǰ̤һ򵥵һȴ·ӵ֮أ̫ٱʱжˡ
˷һ˲䣬˵Ŀ׷׼еõϣͬ޴󽫾˼Ҳһ˹͸һ˿ȵɫ
ҳˣ
޷˿裬ͻȻˡ߲ͣ·һ㣬Ȼƽƽ֮Уȴ͸һޱߵİ˼Ϊ֮塣
˼йâƺ뵽ʲô
˼̫ٱ֮䲢ûཻ̫֮󣬰˼Ҳֻ棬˴֮ȴûκν̸ˣǰ˼Ҳò̫ٱõҪԶԶԼ
ɨƽͻʣ˹ظԭ˹ϴ̫಻ܵĴ˵ǵ֮ս˹ص۹ѹƱǵʱҲǹƥⳡΣ
ֻϧȻͬΪ٣˼ҲֻŹЩ飬ȴûмʶսΣ˵ȥ˽սͱˣ
λͬʱĴ󽫣˼ҲòϣһЩڴ
ʱ˿̣ȴûЩĿǰսһһʼûӹ
³˼˳뼤ս֮У˿ûз֣߰ʳܶܶӸѸٽӽһΣѾ֪Ϯ
³Ͱ˼˳ڵ״ܻȥԸЩʳܶ͸ܶ˳ʲô⣬Ҳųױ
纣㣬ᣡ
йâһͻȻڵ
һ̣ۡأ̺һεóϷΪ֮ᡣ


1868 ս֮ϣ
ǣ
һһ룬ͬʮҵϽһ
˵ھ֮رİǷʮǰȴ˲֪˲
սһսжǵӰһһս¼Ϊǿս
üˣ˳飬֮УҲжȥְ񣬳Ϊߵҽ
¡¡
ղİ˷̳д˼ᣬֻһϣһһֺĹ⻷˽±ѸټӳֵдٶȡϱǣֱӰһء
ڴɼɲǣֻ΢΢˵ͷһ̣䣬ը˺ǵصĿ֮УһɰŷһԾѸǰսȥ
ϣ
һ˻ͬ㣬һ𣬾Ѿɿ⣬ϸȥƥսһ˶ߣ̤µĵطհݣԳһӡ
һȻնУ
֮ҵķһ˲ϵıըһԵġġ·һ̣˵Ǻ󷽵İ˼ǰսĴʳܶܶξޱϵĹ̫׶ע⵽λϢԵңͬѵĴƽ졣
¡¡谵գõٶԶĻҪöࡣԭפڴ󷽣ǰǻвٵľ룬Ҫٵʱܸϵǰߡ
Ȼһ۵糸նУֻӹɵľ룬ǰһҲֻаɲľ롣
գСģ
Զϣ̫˳õĿ⣬һ۾ע⵽ǰߴ֮еգһ˲䣬λʳĴʥҲλƽͼʱɫ
Ŭȫգѻˣ
һӴʶͬսһ̣󷽴֮УһȺĽӽĴʳܶܶ׷̧ͷһβأ׷״ȺԾյķȥٶֱӱء
ʲôˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ⱥ֮УҲоʲô͵̧ͷУǵ籩㣬Ծ˵ٶϯϢħӰλ̫սĴʳҲɵƤľĸо
Σգ
ȵΣգ
һɲǣȫÿһϸڲͣͷһϢһѪжֱ
ѾǲһԼָоʲôʱˡ
ԼһСʱ
ΪΪʳĴ󽫣½佫Ķλãôָܻܹо
һյһθоһ𶯣һȼĵ׵ķŭպܿ룬һ˻µĴƴѾͬһױ
ٶ֮ЩѾٸܶܶҪö࣡
ϣ
ս˻ûйûšԵһԺĴʣÿƥһ̤նӲľͬһľګһ㡣
õ·ͺԸһ㣬غľګֱûйκͻԣĹȴκεĵҪͿ£
ϢĿ£
ϣ
ʯ䣬ֻһһĽ쳹գͺǧĵһһ㣬ú󱳣һӵĻƽ𳤽п͸һѪ죬˲䵯С
ֻһ룬ǹӵĳʧ٣תûӶֱۣΪһʮɣ޴޵ĵѪѪ׻ѸӹգһŶնȥ
죡
̫ˣ
մδ˵ʽȻ쵽ֵزõһβʱ򣬻жʮ⣬һѪʱ򣬾ѾֱƵյǰ
Ҫ³Ͱ˼˳Ĺ
յȻǾܵģôľ룬ԷٿҲܱ³Ͱ˼˳죬ֻ˵һ㣬Էʵ̫ǿһִ
ͱַʽԶ³Ͱ˼˳вҪ£
ϣϣ
ʯ䣬ͷԺзӶһ̣û˿ԥһϬĴʳ䵶һ˲ХţһĨĨĹâŶ̤նüնȥ
³Ͱ˼˳Ѿ˲ôˡ
ˣ
䵶ڻ谵һ׺⣬ЮŻԵգһɲǣʱ䶼·Ż
ϣϣյĿУֻһ˸ǵµľ޴ѪɫƺԤϵĹһǧķʽգʳ䵶֮䣬
Σյʱ֮ľϸ緢˿
ǾѪٶȶû˿ļѾĽػ
ָоͺ֮ǰֹΣԷһһйָƣڳеɲǣѾҵԤϵзӦ
ôܣ
ޱȣ˲ɲ
ιȻԷĹ켣ûܸı䣬Ľֽͷʽȫûϵġ
ħѪʨ
ʯ䣬ۼǵѪգԾ˵ٶȳԼĲն־ּȻһһɰͰɫŨޱȣڱ

â˲Ϣ䣬һѪػѪ룬һͷħţ
ʧֻʣ²һ;ˡ
ֻǣջǵ͹ԼĶ֡
ԵĲ³Ҳǰ˼˳۹˻ĵһս֮¡ʵ֮ʢԶڸĵĴ󶼻֮ϣһʧУԸ˻Ч̫ٱǰ
жʧõĹĵһʳ䵶ʱ򣬾ѾעĽ֡
䣡
һѪɫĵգٻħŸոֳһ룬ǵֲʮɳѪɫ⣬ٶȱ㶸Ȼһأ֮٣һĻնĲ
飬ѪһʣյĲ㱻ֳأһ˶ͷ­תŸ߸߷𣬷Զ
ôܣôǿʵʲôˡ
Բ۾ֱһ̣ţȻ˿ǿֵزһжסѾժͷ­
¡
ֱʱյͷʬƽɽ㣬ӿֱͦͦĵȥѪһء
̫ٱƥԣӿ䵽˵ϡ


1869 ս֮£
鵭Ŀȫͺһ޹ؽҪСһ㡣ս󷽣ջѪͷʬ壬ԼԶͷ­һһӰеøߴޱȣͬΪսһ㡣
ôһɲӴսһƬž
˶һĻ𺳵ˣ
磬պգλ֮ܶܶϣΪʳѪʨްܼգȻô˶֪˭ĶС
оյĴʳ˵һּ޴𺳡
ɱǣ·ж֣
³˼˳˻ᣬţиоиս
ñˣƽͺ˵һ޹ؽҪ飬󷽣³Ͱ˼˳𾪵˵ϾǶ󽫣ֻһ˲˾ͻع
ţ
˵˵ͷһХžųǰɱȥ
ɱ
ʱһŵҲӦһѪ˫ۣ·ˮһ㣬óɱ
ϢĵΪһ塣
ӵмߵĵλýնɱѾΪһɱĿ꣬Ȼŭھʵǰվ߹һ㣬һ
䣡
ϣûпеĳֻббһӣһƥĽΪΣЩ
ۣЩֻɣ׷˵ڵأѪˮ飬ϵĴӿ׷϶ʶǵĿһֱӴ͸ǵĿףǿڵնΣ׶Ͼ
֮
õµҲʥΪӴеľѧ
õսôټֶصΪ֮ɵ
䣬纣Ҳź󷽵ɱ
ں;ŵսбûռ˿ˣͳ˧ձɱзԮȺףʱѵֵ
ֻһҽУĴս׷׳ײȥŵֵסʱɽ
ͦס

ɵǣ˭Ҳ󳷣

֮УһʳܶܶǰܣһжŭɶǵĳԮֻ˰ģ˭Ҳû뵽ݱ
䣡
һʳܶϢǰ̫ٱóɱһħ˻𣬽ϵĴд׷ƶ
Ϊ˶ԸףЩŭܵĴʳܶܶһ־ƴȫʹǿʮħѧ
ŰĹɫ糣ܣһͳŶһʳܶɱȥ󣬵۹ͻ³ͥ󶼻˼˳Ҳųɱ
֣ңֻۣһʳܶ׹£촦
ûͬĶǿߣܹȡеЧ
λƶ󽫵Ĺʳ˱ɽԵֿ
ٱ
ٱ
ٱ
󷽣һĻдһƬܣĻ쳹ʣѾ꣬ھ֮ӵмߵ
̫ˣ
󷽣˼ԼһĻҲܲѡ
ãҾ֪һʧģ
ѩ鼤ѡ
һսϵʵ̫ˣüʱ֣롣
£ٱ츳ʼߣʱܹھͿԷκֻҪǰһ飬ܿͻᱻʶơ𣿡
ʱһǿʶӹܿԺͬ޴󽫾˼
ھʦ֮У̫ٱʵ̫Ĵ˵ˣǰ֡˼⣬һβͬ
һնɱʳգ˵ӡʵ̫ˣڰ˼ӡУùȻǿҲ֮࣬ҲӦһоͱնɱ
Ǻǣ㲻Ѿ𣿡
΢΢һЦ̬ࡣ
˼ԣ˼̧ܿͷǰֱ̫֮ٱһɲǣ˼·ʲô

ǰⳡĴԾУ̫ٱһչֳԼΪսͳμʵ
ûʹ̫ͣҲûʹʲôУֻǴŴĳɱȥþͽǰԴԴϳĴʳһһĳɢҲֵסɳϣ˻Уһһʳɫţ׹˵ϡ
˵ļ£ָ䷨ͰѸǽս֮Уñѩںɺɱôþļ£û̫Ļɡ仯һһʽ㶼ܹƫƫȴֵס
ĳ̶ֳϣóľǡսȻϵսʽУȴлΪЧһ棬¾嶼Ա⡣
¡¡о򣬴ʳһƬܣЩҲֳ˾ŵɫõָ£ڲϵɢһԾ˵ٶɢȥ飬һһʳ֣ľ׮㲻ϵĵڵϣҲû
ô
оĴʳﲻӣŶںˣһ࣬˹Ҳоһ˿ҡ
ôûչ棬ڰ˹ֵУֵӵģҲһˡǴʳеľ񣬰˹ִûܹսн֮
ǣǰķҪ˶ã¾ҪֵԼˡ
һɲǣ˹ҲоЩˡ
ô˹֣㲻ǻ𣿽һȣ
ʱ֪˹ϵı仯֥Цһһа˻ıƣŰ˹ֺݺݺȥ
òѣһ־նɱգ˻еȣǸ֥ȴһ㶼⡣
սڿƼңǴƷͷҲֻһң̫ٱÿǵ󶼻йϵǿ󶼻ثô˶ѹһͷʵǷ
ЩĴʳ˻ǰһж̫ˡ
һսʳ۹治һӮ
һ࣬Ը֥Ĺ˹˫գֻĵֵҲϾˡ

Զξޱϣ̫ǰɫ࣬һսĻҪѡ
ձɱԹ̫׾Ǹ޴ĳ
ֻڹ̫Ѿûʱ俼ˣǸĴ󽫾ĻҪ࣬оѾӽܣٲ취ֹܵ
ϣ
̫ɫ䣬һǿʶ糱ˮɢ
ˣ
ǰĴ֮Уĵطһ׶ߵӰ׳˶ԭں̫׵͵һĻعͷ


1870 ķ֮У
ʥڣ
˵ͷŹ̫׵ķ򹧹һ
ϸȥݴü޷룬ǳĹ죬˸оȴӿһ󺣰ĿֲǹӴƺʱҪڱ
ʣǴʳ۹еһ󽫣һʵΪ¡
Ű֮ްϣ߿Լ򵥵ĳ֮Ϊޡ
ڴʳ۹ʼֻǹ̫ߵһС򣬵̫սʱר̫ǣ̫׸̷һЩĶֽʹ巢˾޴ı仯
Ļëѹ⣬Ҳ˱üΪӴһ⣬˿ֲľرǷʱȫƤüӲƲɵ˵ޡ
ȥ
̫һףͻȻϳһʻΪһĨ⣬ɽͰӴľޱϣ˴֮С
䣬Ǳصɲǣ·һʯڵأضҵĲһ£̳֮ߣͺǳܲסһССĳһ
ҸɵǸˣҪͷ­
̫׵ò˿顣

ԤϣǱزص׵ĳһ¶һ˿ϲɫͺ񿴵ʲôһʲôҲûж˵ǰѸٴӵץǱһ㣬ɫػƵĳ

ϱһѸٷԶ۶ȥ󣬼佫սʳڰǰɱȥ
ÿ˵ؿڶһºӡǣϵȻһƬڣڣ粿ؿڵطžĶƽ𣬿Ĵʳȫͬ
Ⲿţ
ɰͳĴڴʳ۹սţļ֮һ
¡¡ǧɵľһζϻϢȣͨ죬һͷް㣬岻ѡ

ǰĴʳϲܣֱƾӴһ·ݺݵײ˹ȥ飬ҵײУһʳͷ·Ʋ㣬˴ʮ׵ĸ߿գݺݵĵ˷ĵϡ
ˣСģ
ۿϷ۵糸һͷްһݣʱѵ
ͽԹԵ
ԶһȣŭХһһϢΣȻεض𣬺¡˷ĴʳҺűɳȥ
ͬһһ㣬˫յͬһħӸ£֮ƣǰ֮еȥ
ͬʱ֮УҲоϢ̧ͷ˰֮еİϡ
ˣ
Юƶİϣɫƽû˿Ĳ䣬һ̣һɰ˴ڱŷ˵ĿУûΪһ磬ܣŰеİֱȥ
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬Ű֮ްϺ̫ٱã󽫵ཻհ㣬ڰҵײһ
ʸͬҵײһıը
ʲô
һ̣одʳ䵶һҲ΢΢ɫҲʱһĹЦӶҰһ㡣
ҿ
Ŀ𺣬˫յһȻ뵽ʽĴʳ䵶֮У䣬һ̣һɳĹâ̫֮ҪҫۣȻŷΧɵ
ϵĳ֮Уһȵģ籩һǵأɽ˲ѹ̫ٱã̩ɽѹһ㣬ݺѹ˹ȥ
ԣⲻѵйŹ֣
ʯ䣬һͷӹԺһ̣þ͸о׷ס䡱ڡ䡱׹Ḷ́ʵȻʵһҺɫʯƬ
ϵ
úԥȫ͵һ˹ȥͬʱμ˿¡һЮźƺƵĻݺݵڵϣնӲĵʯ֮С
꣬Գĵطֱǰһѷ죬ǰϵ죬ޱȡԳΪģһɹɻҺɫޱȣͬӿĺ˰̶ܳȥ
ϣ
ս˻һƾŵսʿӦǹɻҺɫɨһ꣬ոȥѸʯȻһȡ
Һɫ˷·ӵԼһ㣬ֱӶȥ
Ҫ
Բ۾Ӧ㱻ǹɻҺɫѸٵĻΪһʯ񣬶һһ̶ֻʱڣΧ֮ڣĴսʿֻҪâӹ׷ʯΪ
ֹˣǱĵһЩʳﶼΪʯ
Ǵʥڵķ֮У
ΧһƬ׷ȥһЩŵҲ׷ܿ
ķ֮У
ֻ˵ǡʯ֮ǴʥڵµıУӵǿʯܹ֮Χڵĵ˻ΪʯˣǼΪµ֮С
¼ǽһܾŷ飬ʳ۹ĹҸ߲㣬ڻʹ֮УȫΪʯ
ķ֮м£
󲿷ֵ޷ֵ㶥ľҲһԵֵ⣬Զľǿߣʥڵķ֮ҲһܹǵʯǵʵԼӮʤ
٣ߵ𣿴ʥնͷ­㻹ǲҪˣ
ɫĶŶɫµá
ѾǲʥѾûнķ֮д͸ԼˡΣһҪȡ¶Էͷ­ɴʥС
䣬û˿ԥϳһ̧һٴλΪһģļ磬õȥ
Ǳʳġķ֮СһɳĹâͬһ㣬Űһٴγϯȥ¡¡ضҡϻϢ罭纣һɲǣ·ضܲס

һ󾪺ܴӰ׷׳ɢȥоͰٵĴʳޡɱ˼Լˣû˸ʱ򿿽
棬óԣЮ׷İϣɫ΢һȴû˱ܡ
ϣ
ʯ䣬ֻһǱƽŽԾУû˿ԥһ˸úֳķ֮еİٴײһ
¡ƥķ̳˵ĿУģŤŤ̳֮УϺþͷ·۵磬ַֺϺϣϵײһ
ÿһײһıը͹̳ܣʯ׹꣬ķ֮еӰ췶Χ֮ڣû˸ҿ


1871 ͬޣ
ԶĿⶼϡ
һնɱԭΪʳ˴ʥڹ̫ףûĶ֣Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽ԷȻֵܹãʽ󿪴أǰʯ֮иʱΣ֮С
䣡һʯƾյ岼֮УȻ׹ۻΧԽԽ࣬ʯﵽ֮ǧ֮ء
Щȫķ֮еЧ
ҲԽսԽһԭѾǳߴ󣬵һɲǣͷ·ܵʲôݼһ꣬ۿɼٶٴβߣһ鼡ͬʯ𣬶ƤҲѸٱһ㡣
Ű֮ޣ
һ̣ϲĴʳޣ䣬˫ֳֵ͵һʯ쾪˹ȥ
һ࣬
ɱ
һʳ쳹գŰսġⲾšǵһϵ֣һ˻ţ䵶֮ٳŶɱȥ뵽оⳡҵĴս֮С
ϣҵĽײ͵Ħ쳹գССռھۼ˫ʿšⲾţľ񡭡ϽꪣݺύѪʬ彻֯һƬս
ˣô죿ҪҪȥ֧Ԯٱˣ
Զպɽԣһ󳵲ӵĲԶ¶˽ŵɫ
ڴƣ̫ٱõֵסоܣڴƵľʿǻԵġ
ΨһܸЧ֧ԮģҲֻʣˡ
ˣ
պɽֻǿһۣԥķˡɫû˿Ĳ
˭Ҳﲻǣֻٱ
ʮó֮󣬼ȫͶսʳǱߣҲѾͶһٰʮҾһʱļս˫ľӲϻӣ󳵲ӷʱ򣬺ˡ
ֻ취ɱˣ
պɽ
һǷռƣѾ޹ؽҪպɽжһսٶЮƶɱԷôֻаһ;
󳵲ոЩʵĴʳȻټоԸзĶ⾫Ҫڲμоսõöࡣ
ţ
һ£պɽֱһӣٴαᡣ
䣡
ܼǵأХٴн֯һƬɱ¾񳱣ֵĴУĴʳۣ˻ųƬƬ͵ڵء
ʥڣԷеĻҪķ֮жĿƲûдﵽеЧϵĽʱҲô˳ǷҪ
̫һ佫ģĸͻȻڵ
ķ֮һ֮УڴʥڵĽһսʱѸٴ򿪾ġķ֮еʯЧԶе۹󽫼ﶼɼĸЧǵʵ
д󽫿ԵֵЧһͱŰ֮ްϴѽѷ֡
ǶǸͳ˧ˣ
ǰûгֹ

һ紵ϣ̫ȴһƬƽûз˿
ˣ
̫׵ֱӾܾˡ
𰸣һ㵡ǹ̫ײûж˵Ҳͱտˡ
սڼ
ƵķУӰͬҲעоĻս
󽫾ԷıĻҪ
󷽣޺һĵǣ
ҪҪڳٱˣ
ͷѾΨһ󷽣ûгģҲֻͬˡ̫ܰٱǵģͬҲֻͬ
ˣ
Ԥϣ̫ͬһ˼üһͷܿͺԥľܾˣ
оѾá³˼˳λ󽫣ٲУ͵һ·ͼԱ󽫣սĽеһҲζûκεʤˡңҲûٲоսˡǵĶҲóˣ
˵ⷬʱ򣬰˼Ŀѩ⡣

޺һȻ
Ҫѯʵʱ򣬴޺ͻȻװ˼Ϊʲôô˵ˡ
ǣ
ʯ䣬޺ʶŤͷбҷͻʴԭķ򡣺һͻȻӿһƬƬïʢĲݴŴƵķ
ⲢѰķ磡
һɲǣ޺ɫͻȻ˲١ķģĳŶĽ
ͷոͣԺУһ̣һɸ΢Ұͷ
ʼʱ𶯻ǺǿֻǶ̶̵ʱ䣬𶯸оԼαѾͺԭķһƬӿĺϯ
ϮǴʳ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ󾪺һ㻮սս󷽶ʱһƬɧͲرЩûսĹͺ飬һƬš
ǰڼս˼󲿷ֵĴʳӣ˭Ҳû뵽ȻдʳӺƵǰл롣
ǱڵΣպͲǰںʹʳ˼սĴƾҲоЩ
պɽͨҵǧ༤սе佫ע⵽һĻʶŤͷ˶ͻʴԭķ
ɱ
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һĺޱ޼ʣͻȻڵƽߴ̶̵ʱڣϸ˿ĺ߾ͱ˹ĸǧĴʳڣһɱڵ˻ţԾ˵ٶȳ
̳ʮ֮ߡ
䣡
ʱ˿̣֪һĻ仯ܵĻǰߵĴʳһĻӴʳķϱдʳһƴǡ
ʥڴˣ
Զ󱳼ϣ佫ģĸ֧ϱƽĴʶǰĴʥڹ̫ס
һǣףոսϣʥΪʲô˵ˡ
ԭʥѾźˣ
佫ģĸ
ʥڹ̫ȴɫȻһ
ˡ
۹Ǵʳ۹ʷǿĶ֣ܶôǿնӲˡս˫ɱѽѷ֣ʳҲԼĽʿеһʼûƿء
ΧԵѾ£ھͿƵķӦˡ
ԽͻԽҲԽʹ࣬Ȼ޷ˡңҲٵһɱк

ϣ
ԶĴԽԽսܵӰ죬ʱܵʱͬ޴󽫾˼ͻȻγ߸߾һɲǣ쳹ս˵ע⡣
׼
ûйҲûйսǰԱڰγɲǣ䣬˼һѸٴӴӱŶͻʴԭϵ֧ʳɱȥ
ϣս˻һͬ޾ͬսףȫװڰ˼󣬳
һԤͬȻѵˮƽʵȲͬȻԶ
ϣ
һܹͭɫս⻷ʵʣѸٴӰ˼±䵽
˵ĿУͬ޴󽫾˼һͬԼԤۣһ㣬Ӵƺ󷽵ӪӱŶͻʴԭϣʮԼĴʳɱȥ


1872 Χսͬޣ
¡¡𶯣̳ͬﱬƾ춯أޱȡ
Կս⻹Ǵƾӵһ뿪ߣʳ
Գж˵ԭãã纣ĴʳԶĹ̫׶΢΢üͷȻҲûϵƻķӦ
ǧɣǧɣǧɣ
˫ľԽԽ˼ͬٶȴԽԽ죬û˿ļ
ͬ޲򣬹򲻿ɵУ
ⲻֻһںţεѪУ˵ʬͬ˷ƴɱнġܶ˭¶ֵʮԼͬҲˣη塣
ͬһ
ɱ
ҫʯ䣬ֻһ˻̤ͬһһ譲ӹâһĺУͬһͷʷǰްŴԭɱȥ
һɲǣ𶯣ضΪ֮Ȼʧɫ
棬ãã޼ʵĴʳɱ˵ͬͬɱڡ
һͻϮʳ˺ܾãҷƵͻʴԭҪ˾סֱʱͻȻ֣Ϊɱһֲ
ʱͻբʢʱ
֧ͻȻɱͬ˵һֻ׵ĸҪǣһսһֱһһĸǽ󣬸Լһ̵Ĺǡ
Ļʳݺ۳ң޵еӲΪ壬ɳĮеߣʵ̫һ棬û˿ɵԾˡ
ɱǣ
ھǳʱˣ
ǿǴʳ

ǰһӴʳ۹ԶʡܶĳߵһĴʳ䵶˻䣬һ䣬󷽶ʮȻӦ
ɱ
һĺɱУʮӶͻʴԭƵĴʳãã纣ɱڣͬһɫĿװ㣬һ޼ʵĴԭϣŶͬﲻϵļٶ
ˣ
ˣ
¡
һľˣصĴںϣһ̣ƺʹʳ֧һһ޻صƣصײһ

ҽ֮ڶײɲǣǹɿֲײǰֽͬƬ׷׷գķ
뵶ܼĽսսײһɲ޷ӰĿȫǶ֡۵Ѫ֮ǲڶ
·ֻһɲǣֺܼͣײУÿʱÿ̶дӰ׹䣬ڡ
ϣ
ֻһԽ˻䣬ҽŷ׷׷˳ȥ˫֮ĽҲ˲ơ
ͬ޴󽫾˼Ϊм⣬ͬͬһĳ뵽ʮʳ֮УһֿµԷγ״͸
¡¡Ĵʳ׷ױײɳȥⳡâԾУͬչֳԼǿʵѹԵЩ׺ǿĴʳﳹ䴩
ǧǧǧǧĴʳͬķâ²ҽţϵ¡ս̤û˿ԵֵͬＯų
һһĴʳﺷηͣĳȥֲϵıͬɢɱ
еķͷͽ
ͬһƴﵽ۷壬͸˿ɵ
𾪣ޱȵ𾪣
Щͭ׵дʳﶼˣĿ־塣Ǵûڶ绹ǿֻǳȶʮҪֲ
һˣעһսĴʳܶܶͬо𺳡
ôܣôôǿ󣿡
һʳܶ۾
ʮƾǳ䲻⣬ԭΪƵսѾȫսʮͻʴԭӦܹ׵Ľǻڿһкȫر
¡Զ˼ӲͬнֹһܣҲµɱ¾һ㣬䴩һ֧֮ȻһۣٴŶʮȥ֮֮
һ
˼ͬϢȣ罭һ㣬ϵڶʮʳзɱ
ԶѷڶԷٵһռ˾Եơ
ɱɱ
ҳȥ
裬ҳ壡

һȺʳ佫ҧгݣŭޱȡһ֧һ֧ʳﲻϵĳɱȥȻĽȴѻʯһ㣬֫ϱĿѪܵʬ壬Ѫһ㡣
Դʥ߾ķͬҲʧȥʩչƽ̨⻹ǵһͬлǰչʾԼ۷弶Ŀս
쵰þ
һţţ߾жҪǺ棡ɢȫɢ
˸

ۿŶʮʳҪжףͬﳹ׵Ļڴʱһŭ˻쳹ء
ڴ֮УһĸߴϢǿ籩һĴʳܶŰ˼ķҧгݣŭܣʯ䣬һȥ佫߻ۡ
ͬһʱ䣬ԭһƬҵĴʳͺעһǿһ㣬Ѹٵ
ʳܶ£ԭһƬҵĴʳתͲһ㣬Ѹٵɢȥɢһ֧һ֧ķ󣬶׷ͬ
ˣ
˼Ŵٴλһ֧ʳͻȻ֮䣬ǰâһ֪ʱΧĴʳ׷ȥһƬ޴Ŀհ׵ش
ˣ
˼͵סսŤͷб෽ʳܶ
ôͽӻȹλʳܶǷ֮ʣͬ˶֡
Ҳãһս
˼а
ǰһĻԤϣڰ˼˵ʳܹΪĵ۹Ȼ֮οһδʳ㳲񾡳бȻһЩսָͬܳ佫
ʣʳ֮ܶһ
ˣ˼ǵû˿η壬һǿҵս⣬ڴƾʦдˣֱһһ佫
ͬ˱ΪսһǲǴԼսʿ

ɱ
ֻм򵥵һ֣˼תͷһ̣ͬη壬һһεĺλʳܶڵλóȥ
һ࣬ʳܶͬбŭ
ϣ
һ£¶һ̣˷Ĵʳ粨һ㣬Ӹͬ
һɲǣռžʱ䶼·ֹˡ
¡
˻֧ٴμսһ
Է̫ˣ󽫾סˣ
һ࣬ʮƾӵĺ󷽣һҪԱվԣĿ⻺Զջأǲǡ
ͬս˫ǶԷ̫ͬˣֻҪܹɹܹ֯ͬɼв
ڵ󰢲˼󽫾ܹʤҲǶʱܹ¡
ʳʹ֮սͬǾ񾡳սеڣ˼ͬﶼѾսƱûκεԮ
Ҫǣսôãʳд棬ǧĴʳԴԴϵĳͺİһ㣬Ȼʱ޷壬һһϵĳгһ졣


1873 
̾һĴβ֪һ֧ɱƿ¾Ҫܿˡ
ǰľ棬ҲΪʶģŤͷǰڱϵǵӰ
սʼһʱ֮һϢޡȻ֪Ҳܹжϵóͬڽһյս
Ķˣʮȫս壬ֻܿˣ
ıӰüӹһ˿׾ǡ
֪İţһȴȷⳡսеڣΣأкüζ㸲ΣգеһжԤ֮С
٣ͻʴԭ֧ʳԤ֮У˼֮ͬԳٳδ
ΪӦ־档
֮ս˹֮ս֮ңѾԼǻۺƻһһεΣ£ⳡʷǰ֮սҲֻܴ߳ǰˡ
еǣһʱάȣھУʹ˾սأѾ뵽˰Ȼĵز
֮սֻ壬ʿ֮սȴ᳹׵ĥ꣬Լһϴڵĺۼ
¡¡һϺɫľף֯Ϊһſ򣬲ϵĴһƬĺɫϷÿһ֮ж̺ŴĻ֮
һƬΣյľ磬һյľأ
Ǵ˾Ľ磡
κξ綼ͬޱ޼ʣо߼ʡĻȴÿһ
治ǻ֮ӣȻҵġмôã
˾죬·һƬĺɫϷ˾һֳֹۣȣ̤ˮС磬ƬĽŲ
ʣھԵס
ǹŴഫǹŴԸǿģʧȥƵľʿǿߵķšһʱУ磬ʿжϾԽԽ٣ͽҲĪĹϵϾҲǾʿ԰
˾һ̤棬ݲȵǰȥһζʧŵ۹²ϴ˵ľѡ
½ӵйǶǾԶʱǰ£ֻ¶ϱڲԫ˲롣
ڴ˾УЩʧƺȫܣ˭Ҳ֪ϻŶٶ
˾¡¡ףĲ˿飬
ǺҲǵľûƵľɣ̺ľԽ࣬Խ㣬ҲԽԶԶκξ򣬻߾硣׵Ļеķ뿪ԣ֮ӣӲ˵ģ
һ仰˾Ŀ磬˲䴩谵գԶһհеӰ
壡
֮ս˾һָġ硱ֹˣȻԲ˼ֶΣľʶǿϳ壬۳Σ⴦֮С
ƬΣյ磬ÿһռ䶼̺ųԵľһ˿˿һƣ˷ϵļѹָʴԵÿһ̶ĥ
ֻƾԼľû۳һ̫Լ޴ڵв
㲻̸ˣûѲ˵ľ磬Ҳû˵ǾɵģעõġȻõģͲΪ塣˵ףҲֻһˣ񣡡
֮εػԼܵĿռ
ɲ磬Եʦʳ۹﷢ηѵشڣҲη塣
䲻ڣֻҪıĩóٶĻΣ
˾ԸľʿǿãȴƫƫС
𣿡
Ļ˾ҲֻǵһЦһ̣Ȼû˿ףһϺɫĿףˮףʵʣȻӽϷƲ
䣬ֻһʵģŹâġ֡ҡͬʱâѸ
һտڲȫӦԣһƵľۣ䵽֮Уٴα
սʱ˵еһжǲʵģΪʵ˺㡭
˾ٴ߶ȣǰȥ
仰Ҳԣǳε⡣㣬һжΪεֵȻǼٵģʿкδڵ壿ѵǻʦ𣿡
˼·ҲģʶҲģҲ𣿡
˾͸һ˿Ц⡣
¡
գ֮䣬һϺɫϣֱӽġ֡޹⡣û˵ҧţȴǻ˴˾Щ
ģҪȻգ󡭡ģ˾ˣʿҲҪ޵ˡֻǡ
ٵ
ꡢʶʲô
Ժд˷˲Ϣͷܿûʱȥ˼Щˡ¡¡ƬͻȻһʱ䣬գۼ䣬Ϻɫףܼ꣬ͻȻںɫϷ
һţšһǧţǧšĿԶԶ岼ס
󣬻ˮ𵴣һ޴İɫִɫϡ£ЮϺ׵磬ˮ𣬽ţʮĵطһϢֲİɫ޴ӵص𣬽ǵ𣬵𡭡
գ֮䣬ǧƵİɫ޴Ӻ𣬸ںϣŰΧ
Щ޴ɫ׻ӦһּΣյĸо
һ˲䣬嶸ıɫ
ȻʲôѾˡ
¡
׸ֵɲǣһէ֣͵ػġ֡ϡĳźŰ㣬һ̣ɫ䣬ǧ׵ˮףʵʣϵĹ
ͬһʱ䣬ɫϣһɫֱ̧ۣͬ׼ķ꣬âһ׵˲Ӹȥ
Ǽ٣ʵǻãɣƬ޾ĽǲֻǾĻ󣿡㿸סĻ
˾Ʈ˷ֻգۼ䣬㳹׵ʧ١
˾䣬йâһ޾䣬֣˲䱻÷顣
ˣ
ֻһգۣٴֳȻһ룬׵ĺ£㱻ٴ˺ѡ顣
һΣΣΡԴ˾ֲľ񹥻ֻܽе
򷨻һн
رģ϶ԿԼƬĿֲѹȡ
ƾͻľ磬ҲסԨĩյĴһȴЩͬܵЩѾֹǻôˡÿһ׺䣬嶼ܸоһɾĲʹ࣬ͷ·䵽Լϰ㡣
ôܣôģ
д˷˲Ϣ䣬Ժͷ
λʳĴ˾ֲҲľʿ־˵ѾֹãǾ߱һ֡ʵ
ľǿޱȣ屶ͬ΢ǿߣֻһѾҷ𡣲ˣ޾׹ڲĥľ£ÿһΣľһ֡
޾ľԾ˵ٶȲ˥


1874 Σоݣ
ֲǣԸоǰһжڴ˾˵ƽɣȫû㾡ȫ
ǻ֮ӣĹ£ܹһһΣ˲ʶֻۣƾһ㣬ǧھʿоͺܱȵ㡣
˾ٴƽû˿Ȼ׺Ĺǵûͣ£Խǿҡ
󣬺¡¡ձãһ̧ͷֻбϷǧĸ߿գâһһž޴ͷͻȻ֣ȻצβۣԼܵĻ档
գۼ䣬һǧ·ľ޴ɫͻȻڸ߿СâһԶĵطһͻȻ֣ǵ
ֻһ߿飬ֳʮ

һ飬ãã纣ĺ³һźɫ棬֮ٴӸ߿֮䡣
䣬һž޴ĺɫҵıը̶ʱڣʶͱΣһлԶûн
йâһƵĺڷ˲֣Ȼι״ޡ·ɫϣǧĵǹꪣ̶̸ž֣Ѹȥ
ڴ˾Ĳٿ£ܵĹָǿ޾ƺֹĵӡ
Уȥذɣ˵Ҫ
һƬأһֱΪԼʹ˾ľǿڲ֮䣬ڿˡҴ˾ľʷǳ⣬ÿһιȻܹʵ˺
һתһ̣䣬һɳĹâޱߵڱŷ
գ
Ѹ۳һö޴̫Ȼҵıըձըޱȣײһ
ǿҵıը
ûõģڽУеһжᱻգתҵô塣
˾˵ֻһҫ徫ľ޴˲ʧ
ǿĹûжκ˺
ܣֻݵͣͣסڷĵǹԼ޴籩
ʶٴη顢˺ѡ
һٴظ
˾˵һľϸ΢Ƭƺϸ΢
УҸ򲻹
ڵڶµɲǣ۾롰֮ĶһԺѸͷ
ԲߣԺеľѾȫѧᣬʤȲ
ֻϧǴ˾ھԶԶ
̫ˣƵĽȥֻټְ㡣Ĺ⾫󶨻
а
ʶϸ΢ľڣܹо˾˵ɳľɣÿһһš
ŹһƬ֮
ĳ̶ֳ˵˾֪ʶѾﵽĵزѧĸ΢֮һ㡣ܹõУЩšе֪ʶھȻָ
һӴĲƸ
һУܹܴ˾Ļϡ򲻹־жᶨжͣƬСٴΣ󣬶ⲻ˰еľΪ˾ʵġ
κ˶κԱƽ⣬ҲһǵҪôȥ
д˷ʱ䲻ˣôһľѾԭһ붼ȥܿҪ˾סͬ

屻˾ڽУܳǧϺ׹ʱʵ缤ҵս֮Уƺʹʳ֮ҲԽȻÿʱÿ˫дսʿ˵Ѫ
κһˣʹսԽĲпᣬÿ˶߾ȫҪɱԷ
ʥڣԷѾȫϳˣǸҲ˾סˣ
ɫӪǰһ̫µĸǰڵ
Ϊʳ۹Ĵڣ̫׵Сʮ̽˵·˹ͰѾǰߣʮ̽еλ˳ƺ󲹶棬˹̫
̫û˵ֻ΢΢˵ͷ
ʼɣ
һжƻĲ࣬ڵĴѾûзˣ۹ȫıͶ뵽սǶڹ̫˵һֱȻ
֮ⳡսڲſʼʳ
̫׵䣬һ֮ȥǰ߼սûע⵽Ź̫׵սʼһЩ΢ı仯
¡
û˿ף֧ʳԭ뼤ս֮УͻȻ֮䣬û˿ףͻȻ֧ͬʱı䷽򣬺ϻмĴʳӡ
һ±仯ͻһսʿɫ֣Ӧۣͱл׷׿һƬҡ
ֻ˵սı仯޹ؽҪӰսһͻ䣬ֻǿʼͬһʱ䣬Զһط
ϣ
ս˻ͬٴηһѾݺƷߵͻȻı䷽򣬻ͷбһ֧ƾɱ˹ȥ͵ڶϣǧ˵Ĵƾ˲ҷ
ǰоУܼлûκһ֧ӵֵסһܱɵĽǧ˵ľӣڴʳϼл£˲׷׵£͵Ѫ
һڴʳȮشٷٴľ䡣
䡱ﵽһ̶ȣɡʱ䡱һжʱýȻͬ
ã
󷽣󷽣ɫһ䣬Ȳսͻأı仯
˭Ҳûзֵ£ƾͻȻķѣʮʳ˲䲼һUεİΧȦıΧУ˲
ͬҲˣ̶ֻһ˲һһңԽӽʮĴʳﶸȻͻѸٴγɣԡVκ֮ƣľţԼá³˼˳Ķ
оǴľ꣬սġҲ˧ͳ˧ĴսϵҪľӡ
һоռݶƣذɡ
ǣ֮ǰΪնɱգԼԿӰ죬ã³˶Ѿͻǰߣʱ볷
ֹˣ֮ǰܶߣʳĳΪս·޾Ŷ¾룬ܵƵľѻʱеġ·¾롱Ŀĵİš
̫׵´ս˲ľ޾ţеﶼı䷽ͻȻŴƵоɱȥܹٵӣɱλĵ۹󽫣ⳡսƱذɡ
ɱ
һɱ춯أ˷ϯ̶ֻʱڣλ۹󽫣ԼʮıҪ뵽ʳİΧȦС
ãȥԮ·
֥ɫһ䣬ҪָӳǧϯԪ졢¦ʦǵ˴ȥ·ʱһֺĵʮɣޱȣŸ֥ն


1875 
Ǻǣ֥㲻ΪսܹȥԮ˰ɣ
˹ִЦǼ
һսʥڹ̫ײͳ˧һֱǡûе͹κһˣΨ͹һֱǰĹ̫סһѪʳĴڣôֻֻ֪äĿǰɱ
һսʥԶʮıǣڶսʮͷޣԼƺ·Ľǣ
Щ̫͹ʥˣڣһжѾ뵽˴ʥڵĽ࣡
棬˹ֵĻ֥ʱˮ
սǰߣ³Ͱ˼˳Ҳɫ䣬˿һǰ̫ٱѾִķ֮еİסЦնãĽס
˷ӦҲ֪Ѿ̫׵֮СһΪڡȻʱ˿̣ԱԶԼĴʳ³Ͱ˼˳ҲѾΪˡ
ô죬ô죿
ĵĽлԮǵģҲֻи֥Ͱ˼ˣ֥ס˼ͬﻹںͺ󷽰Ķʮʳңˡ
嵽ڶ֪ôˣ
սǿӵ֮ľӵס±ɱʬҰҲԥȥ
ƵѾ᧿Σ
ˣ
ۿǰһ֧֧ʳƺƵԾźλ۹γɺΧҧҧ´
ټټ֣ܶ٣ȫΣһҪֹǺΧ
䣡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬׼ʣ¼ûʲôս֣׼ǰߵʱͻȻһ춯صľǰ
ɱ
ɱ춯أ
һ𣬶̧ͷֻ֪ʱһǧ˵İֳֵһȥռŴʳVοҪϿڵĵطģɱʽĹܵ
ɱ
ǻرƵʱˣ
ŷµĴҪ꣡գˣȫ

һŭ쳹ء
漴ȺǰǵģӰЩű־֣ͻȻʲôһƬͨ졣һ֮ŷ˾޴Ĵ
ԭǣ۹ҲԭǣԼȴûԭԼ
۴ˣʱվ˵Σ֮󣬺ԥĴŵĸ֣ǴVȱڣЩʳ
࣬ʤΪߣʱ˿̣ҲΨǲʱⲨΣˡ
𣡡
һı쳹أ޾Ȼ֮ϯսĴʳҽţ£ŷͬս١ÿһŸͬʱʮʳĹȻ󼴱ˣǰͺ̣ûκһ˺ˣЩ֮ǰţͶͬھ
̶ʱڣŵʹﵽ˾˵ĵز
²¡
һĻһƬͨ죬ȻȴʲôҲˡȻˣҲףҲֻԼΪһЩʱѡȵսΣȻڡ
ʶģٴοǰڱϣһ塣
壬һֻܿˣɣ
սȭͷһƥսǰȥ
ܸıⳡսֵֻ壬ڴ֮ǰҲսΪȡʱ䡣

ʱ˿̣Ĵͬأÿһ£ľʱ䲻ˡ
̫Ȼ֮ԴоʿľվҲֻһ־ˡ̫ٴҲվءе֮һ֮С֮һ磬еôȥԿ磿
˾쳹
ע
һΣȵõʶҿеܣνĻ֮ӵʲô
˾Ʈȴ˸𲻳λáֱһ̣˾˵ԼеĿġ
׵ս޹أǧ˾Ҳδ뵽׵սһȴ̫һеһо;ۼϡ
ܾԼףԼ̺ʲôܡ
ǿ˾ƺ֪ܶܶࡣ
ˣ
˾Ļһ͵̧ͷʯ䣬Ժӹһ˿˵⡣
˾лˣ
ͻȻ΢ͷĿ⿴Ϸĳϣʱ˿̣Ȼ¶һ˿ģЦݡ
һɲǣڽĳһֱУƿȫֵĴ˾͵һ£Ȼּ䲻ĸо
ˣ˵ûֻ̫ؼ֮һôܶԿأνҪƽ֮ͱ볬Խ֮Ƚ֮ǿ󣡡
嵭˫ԽŶҡ
ˣ
ⷭ˾ıɫ
ǲƽģӹһû˿ȻҲܡ˾Ҳ֪ʲôֻôȥͻأı仯оһɼȵĲ
ȴ˾ϸ룬һ̡
䣡
һȦҫ۵Ĺâ̫֮Ҫ˲ڱᡢʴҫۡȫֻգ֮䣬Ƭ谵ޱߵĽֳ֮һ־޴ա
˾һ漴Ц
ǺǣԭֶΣ
˾̬Է࣬ϺҲ֪ͣķӦڴ˾ȫˣ
ҲǸ߹ûõģڵľһ̫࣬㹻ʱɳδ˵ܳҡڡ㻹Զûﵽּ𣡡
˾
𣿡
ֻһЦû棺
أ
âһڵһų̫Աߣպˡᡢʴҫ߱գ֮һ־޴̫һԣޱߵ͹âӲıΧĺڰϺס
žյӳ£Ҳøߴޱȡ
ȷʵӡֻ̣ͽͶѡΪһ̫ı䡣ֵң
âһԶںɫ˾ٴ¶Σŷȣںϻ̤
ڣѾ֪ĵϸˣ˹սУġա¾ļˡܹһ֮ž޴̫ȷʵӡ̡
ֻƾһ㣬ͿԼʷľʿ֮У磬ڻʱ䣬ӵ֪ʶܵĴ˾ǰЩԵ΢
˵ͣ˵һУ
ˣ
Ȼ˾Ļ䣬ԶղϿոߴâһž޴ƾնһ̣˾Ҳ΢΢ɫ䡣Ҳû뵽Ȼͬʱš̫


1876 ƾ֣ϵ
Ϊ֮ԴԲͣķȣʿ조̫ҪȴѶȴö࣬ķѵľҲҪö࣬ǼʮĲࡣ
Ϊ徭ôκѾﵽ˼ޣû뵽Ȼʵ
ɣ㴴գûõģⳡսҲýˡ
˾һ߼ӿ첽̤źɫǰߣһ߸߸߾еĺɫȨȣ¡¡һ̷·ܵĳָһ㣬֮Ϻٴαó׼Զ壬ܵöա
Ǻǣǿɲһ
򶨡侲Զ˾ֲĶ֣Ҳ̫͹Լˡ¡һһ̣仯ҫ۵ĹâУڵ֮УյԱߣٴγһЩ޴󣬴Ź⻷塣
ǳҲ̫Щ̫ƣһӴ󣬵ȴ⣬ҲȡԴ˾ļʶ֮㣬Ҳȫ֪ʲôڳֵһɲǣЩ塱ʼйأΧ̫йɵתת
ȻһлԶûнЩ޴֮塢գԼһſž޴ΪģΧıԵ˲ֳġʯǧġʯһƬġʯڶݵ֮ͣҲת
ʲô
˾Ƥ̲ס˳
ǰһĻ֮κεľȻ֮ͬҲδƵġ֪ʶڴ˾ǧУҲδ˹ľ
̫塢ǳ
Զ΢΢һЦֻش֣ȻĽһˣʱѸֻһɫģӰ
ԣЩ壬ڵҲǲСĸ
˾ʱޱȣܲ˵ʲô˾Ǳܵĸо˲۵ģһԶȴֱ˴ϵġ̫壬ʲôǳ۳εһɲô˾ġ
Ǵ˾ϣоһ˿в
¡¡֮Ȼһһ̣ףڻ𣬵ǹꪡԾ˵ٶѸٺԼ̫ʯϣܼĹգ籩һ㡣
Ѿǵľǹ
Ȼ˾Դ̬Ѿȫͬ
¡
׺Щ̫塢ʯϣ벻鷢ˣںɲǣž޴աһſž޴壬ԼܺХصġʯڣȫʧ
ԭվĵطȡ֮ģһ΢ģⷢõɫСɫвϵתţܿ΢һֻаƴСɫи˵ĸоȴǺ󡢰ޱȣ̺һ΢һ㣬̺ܺ
¡¡
޾Ϻٴ뺣㣬ֲĹܼ꣬ʮĹ˵ͨľʿ¶΢ľǿҲѻҷ̳Ȼ޴档
廹۷״̬Ҳһܵס
ǵϺ׳ȥ벻鷢ˣںɫϷǧɵĸ߿Уһڴ˾𶯵ĿУǸתɫٴ֡
ǵˣԭֻаƴСɫлǴ˲٣ǰȣ̺Խİ硣֮ǰףûܶɫ˺Լ
ⲻܣ
˾裬ǰķһУѾԽȫ޷֪ȥ͡
٣ڴ˾յ֪ʶ֮У̺ĵ
ҪǣΪʿʦҪǾǿԼǾԼеһжԼƿء
ڴƽ֮ǰû˿вԼ
һȴʵʵڷˡ
ˣ
ƺõ䣬֮Уâһգ֮䣬Ŀų̫âɣѸٸ֮УȻǵţţ³ֵ̫۳εɲǣѸСȻΪ֥С뵽صɫ֮С
ɫеǿ׳һε𵴿˾Ըֽ֪ȻͬںĽͻҽų⿪
Դ˾ļʶ֮㲩ҲȫûŹ
˵˾һǿʦԼѾߵ߷壬ﵽ˶㣬ôһִֵСִ⿪һʹ˾Ȼͬġɽ
ģɳɰǧʿ򣬴֪ʶ˾ԼյȻͬġ·ȫá
ǸɫУ忪ġɽ
ƾ۳ľ飬˾һ۾жϳġɫСһֽȻͬϵһϵеĸ֪ʶ̺ߵģϵȻͬܡ
Ƕڸ߸ϵĴ˾˵Ҳͬӵм˵
⵽ʲô
˾Ƥ֪岻ܸԼҲ̲סµ֪ʶµϵڴ˾˵һ̱ʲôˡ
Ҳ׵ģ
ԤϣЦɫд
ʵ磬ϵ
˾һãȻϵûкܶ򣬱˵򣬱˵磬Ψûʲôϵ
˾ȫʲô˼
˵ʲôûйϵһ᳹ײ׽꣬Իȡеܣ⵽ʲô
˾һ䣬ɫѸٱ֣
ܹǶڴ˾˵һǳĺ󱲣˫ھ֮裬ͬһΣ۳յʱ򣬴˾Ҳû̫⡣
ǵȫµǰӰ졢ų⣬ڴ˾˵һѾȫͬ
ĳ̶ֳϣ˾Ѿһ̶ϣԺԼƽƽĶ֡
¡¡
̬ı仯Ҳŷ췭ظı仯ԭһƬڰϺڵ׹Ƭص磬ڣЩϺڵҲ仯Ϻ֮͸һɱɺ죬ͬӲĺһ㡣
ֹˣ˾ֻһ̧еĺɫȨָգһ̣飬ըƬյĽϿգޱ޼ʵĹâɢᣬʴҫߡ׷ױգ֮һֵ̫գǵڶ
Ǵ˾۳̫
˾츳Ǿ˫ܹ۳ž޴̫Դ˾ΪȻҲ
ո֣ǿֹ࣬ˣâһԭҫ۵Ѹٱ仯ɽɫѸתϺɫɢĹâҲˣϺ͸磬Ϊһ塣
Ǵ˾ԼǧѾ̻Ľиı䣬Ľ뵽Уγµ֪ʶƾһ㣬˾ʿ̾ΪֹĪ


1877 ڰ
¡¡
һ̣û˿ԥ˾һָѸٵ幥ȥ
꣬𵴣Ϻ״һɹɺ죬ЮŻصѸٳݺݺȥ
һһ춯صıը쳹գû˿һʣһѾԶԶԽ֮ǰκһι۳ŽգҲԶԶ޷֮ȡ
ң಻ϵĺϣƺһ㡣
ôܣ
ͻȻ䣬ƺܵʲôɫڵλã˾ݺݵһ£Ĳ˼顣
ϺͻȻ֮ʧԭ񱩵ġҲͻȻ֮һƬƬģһҵĹâϸ֣һһղϵۣȻֻһգۣͶְû뵽·Ǹɫ֮С
һĸ̶ʱڣ߰˸޴һ֮УȻԾ˵ٶѸСͶ뵽·ɫС
ܵ˾͵ĹǸɫвû𣬷ԽӴˡ
˾ĹԽңɫбԽǿ󡣲ֹˣʶģԭֻһЩ̫塢ǳѣڣһЩ
һЩ˾֪ʲô
ʣصϵԽǿͿֲˡ
꣡
ͻȻ֮䣬һ޴ĿɫΧռԭӦ࣬޷գͻȻ֮ʵ·ѵĸһ㣬ѣȻһǿ£ͬˮһ㣬ɫȥ
ⲻܣ
˾Ȩȵֺݺݲһ¡
û˱ǰľζʲô
֮ײҲͬϵײУǸȫɱɫкĽ룬֮以ͻͬʱʼӰĽ
ôܣ
κξ»ǳֻһޱ޼ʵɽ͡ôܺ;򡢾籾࿹⡣
ǶԷľǿԶԶԼһ֣ܻ籾Ƕɣ
ڴ˾ִ漶Ĵ˵ɫĻǾ͸Ӳˡ
ڽǿĽУǴ˾Ը⣬ûκһʿſԼ硣
츳ٸߣҲܳԽЩǡ
ʩչѾԽ籾ʻڽ֮ϣ
ʯ䣬ͷԺ˾һ¡
е۷壬ʲô绹
ѵ˵ʩչɫУϻԽ磡
ôܣ
ǺǺǡ
ͻȻһЦдƺ֪˾ʲôٴ
绹ģȻ޾氡
ˣ
򵥵һ仰£
棡
ʲô
˭֪İأ
ǿľʿҲ޷˫뿪棬ȥİءһ֪Լ޷Ӵܣ̸̫֪ܶأ
ңô֪
ˣ
˾ԺвӹͷͿɫеϷ仯һΣ̫Ҳ壬ǳһž޴ģ譲ӵĹ㹹ɣɴĶۼ֮У׳۶
˾һãϴʱ䣬Ҳȫ֪õʲô
ǳ
ôܻһǳ
ƣ
ֻһЦֻ˵˸֣ûйĽͣһ̣Ƭƣ罭һ㣬û뵽崴Ƭ桱֮СһΣûû뵽ɫ֮Уɫб˴˶ڡ
䣡
һδƽһֻת˲䣬һֻ֣һκ֮ǰκһ嶼ȫͬ
ǿŶޱȣҪڰƾۣ˾޷ж״治ڡΪеĹߣûпͱ׵ɽȥ
ûй⣬޷
˾ֻƾԼǿľ֪ڣݣĲۡڲȴɢһɾ˵
·ɫеĺˮյףн
˵֮ǰӰ֮ƾĻǸ߲εġϵô屾ͿԾ
ʲô
˾ޱȣԽãȻˡ
ϡóĶÿһ֪
δй飡
ǡڶ
ֻһЦûй͡
˾лл㣬ڣõҷˡĽѾûвˣ
ޱȣ
ңѾǾʶһ𣬾ȥɢҲѾˣֻ֮һʤܽӲˣ
¡һûȵ˾֣Ŵ˾˽Уһ崴ġΡתţһŴڰ㣬硣
ƬƬ˲ġΡ֮УҼ桱
ܵʧ˾ɫҲñ䡣
ǳأʹ˾ʶΪһ壬ȫɾô˾Ҳ֮ˡ
ʲô绹棬ҲʲôƣƾڵʵԶԺҿ⡣Ǹν磬ڱֳҲвҡңҲʱ䣡
˾ɫ䣬䣬޾Уһͷͷ޴ĽɫͻȻһ㡣
˫չֱۣһӴϢϱֻһɲǣЩͱ仯ĺڰħ
˾Ȼ֪ԴҲ֪Ĺ죬ȴ֪񻰵Դͷ
þ۳ģоʿ޷ȵ޾ΣѵܶԿ˵е
䣬һͷͷͷգ֮䣬޾ĺɫѸٵĺڰħ񣬽飬ãã޾еħǴ˵ħͳ˧սʿ
ʮ򣬰ǧ򡭡飬޾ħһУ˾ֻ࣬һ޵Ӱ
ڰ
ǽ֮ߵķţھԶʱ֮ǰǸʿеʱΪʩչѾʧǧܻ˵еĺڰ񣬼ڴ˾˵ҲǼĸɼķɡ
Ǵ˾Ѿ˲ôˣΪѾԼľʶˡ
ȥɣ
˾ޣеȨһָһ̣޾ħͺڰף׷Žеȥ
ıըһһͬһʱ䣬Ҳȫתų棬ͣĺʹ˾Կţ˫ִʼüޱȡ
˾㾡ȫҲ֮ȶ࣬ҽһʩչѹʶġ桱
ֻ˾ԶԶ͹ԵĶ֡


1878 棡
䣡
ڼս֮Уġ桱ͻȻʯ㣬ֱ׹·ãã޾ĺɫ֮С
ã
˾ɫ䣬ҪֹѾˡ
桱׹µɲǣԭƽĺɫ˲ɲ
ͷ·һƶ㣬԰ּƵĺɫ󣬴ɴɣͣӿġ桱ЩΪʶѵϡ
ֹˣ̺֪ʶЩ֪ʶȫںɫ֮Уĸ
ɺɫʱ̺ľ֪ʶ
Ӵ֪ʶ
и̾ѣǸջ
˾ľԶ壬£Ǹܻõģһ˾¶벻ʩչֻΪס壬ϻû֮ӵܣڣ巴ϻȡ˴֪ʶӴ˾ϻȡ׳Լ
ֽһԴ˾ɵѹԽԽ
¡ɫ֮Хȣҵ𵴣ġ桱ѾΪһ޴кڶһС
֮ǰսУľѾܵڣõ˾ľѸָ˱״̬һԭĻϴ
꣬˫ԽԽң˵廹ֻΧСΧôڣսսԽԽ
µǣⳡĶԾУľչֲֳ֮
ʼսУԭҪʹ˾âǺֻſ桱һǣϺףãã޾ħǹꪣڷֱӶȥЩʶתΪá
ǿĽҲֻľ֮һûһ棬ɲһ硣
ǿĹں˵΢΢
ˣ
ڼҵսУľڲͣʼʱ򣬡桱ֱֻʮɣڣѾ͵ԭİٱС
˾ûõģιû˿ˣֻǿҵˡ
쳹ء
¡δ䣬ڽϿգҡضһµĶ˲䵮һβǵһ̫塢ǳڴ˾𺳵ĿУһµģӴġϵںɫϿա
Ѿòһ̫ڶˡѾֱ۳µġϵ
⵽ʲô
˾ѾһϵȻһһ̣˾оˡ
̫ˣⳡսѾҪʧˣ
ңһô̫
˾ڸҵĺɣ
һ̣û˿ԥֱӳŴ˾˷
۳棬԰ٱ֮ǰٶȼתɶȥһٲ֮ǰġСС֡ʮ֮һĺɫ飬תΪԼеĺڰħ񣬺ڷҲȫȥΪС
棬Ǳ߲εĴڣȻ£֮⣬ûܹþģе˾
ܣ
˾𶯣˲ȫˮΣɫ֮жʱ۳ԽԽĺڰħǵֱͣսȻѸĺȥ˳ͬʱ޾Ϻ״۶ΪһЩڰħУϸȥЩϣԿϵ֡
֮䣡
Ϊ˶Ը壬˾Ѿʩչ־ԶģרԸʿĹŴ֮䣬Ǿʿľʶֻ꣬ҪܴһΣɲ˺
ʣϴѹѾ˾Ƶ˼ޡ˵ʼֵʱ򣬴˾嵱һ󱲵Ļôڣʷǰ壬Ѿӵ˺ƽƽǿ
ӵ̫İˣû˿Բ͸Щܣ书ߣǿһ
ΪˣĺųΪʿʷϴδйĿֲ
ȻԴ˾ġ֮䡱Ѿηˡӵˡ桱ܴ˾ʩչʲô˵ѾΪˡ
˾˵ҵĽնûãһûã̫ҲΣգǡǼţأ޾أ
·һ쳹磬͸һ޾İ
¡¡֮ϣ߿һǵصĹâޱȣӸ߿зֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ٿ̫һ̫һǡ
ǵ֪Уһֻһ̫Ǹٹ̵֪ںƺУ̫ȴٳġһӵаŵ̫Լ
˾Ľôȵù޾ĺ档
ˣ
һһҫ۳Ŀ̫岼ĸϷռҰһڲͣӡһɲǣ谵ĽΪһƬ硣ġ桱ɢƥѾʼı硣
¡
û˿ԥռյɲǣ飬֪ٵĳ̫ǵأܼ꣬·ĺڰħݺݵȥ
գۼ䣬ֻһ·ľ죬ûеļҽ棬ֻһݣ٣еĺڰħħԼ·޾ĺɫ󡭡˲ˡ
ܣ
˾۾Ĳ˼顣һΣоĿ־塣
ƵĺǱޱ޼ʵĹâȵĸ£ʿʷǿġҲܲסֱˡ
棡
ǰĺǣ
ԶܶԿ棡
һĶԾУ˾׵ʧˡ޷ӳ֮䡱Ч
ܣܣ
˾ţôţԼǿô󣬵Ȼ壬ִδֹġ桱
ڱͬʱĻд˾ǿʶʩʶȻһ壬磬ȻҲڱʶ
֮ӣǻټģ
˵仰˾ϢѸʧޱ޼ʵĽҲų׵ıˣеƬͬٴ뺣ͳͳ뵽ġ桱֮Сġ桱ȡ֮ռÿһ䡣̫塢ʯơڶ鲼ÿһա
ֹˣ˽֮󣬴˾л۵ģǧ꣬ǿľʿķ֪ʶҲȫСеЩ֪ʶͷ׳
ԭѾǳӴľǡٳ߸ͷһٴ
˵սǰֻ屶ͬȼ΢ǿߵĻôڣѾ˰˱űӽʮĵزֱֲ
Щ˽Ľ


1879 孾񲿶ӣ
ţ
У嶸Ȼ֣Ŀһ£׽֮һǣһӰһ£Ǵ˾һƲʶһΣ˲Ǵ䣬Ѿˣ˾ʧˡ
һɲǣüӹһ˿
ĺѾ֮ûʲôɲµġ˾һƲлҪܣ£ӵùԼĶĿȷȷʵʵˡ
ϻܣˡ̫ˣ
˾ǰһ仰Ժһ˿ͷôһɲǣָо˾ֻһţ˵ԼɱģһĴ˾ֻߣ˾ҲֻǻѣĻָӡ
ЩҲֻѣֻǶ̶һɲͻָ򶨡
ôѾвⳡսˣ
а
ȻԷݣںػ£Էʶܵشӹɵġ仰˵գҲܡ˾ϻʲôܣ嶼ԾԵʵⳡսС̭ˡ
ЩͷԺзӶܿ
óȥˣ
սϵ˲Ϣ䣬Ȼսʤ˴˾̭ǿвһ˿ʶѾоսϳֱѾöԴƲˡ
ˣ
âһ̫ơڶȫʧˡ桱һʶ糱ˮȥع鵽
ɱ
һ춯صĺɱһ۾ͿսҵĲɱҲԶˣڴʳVλϴͷɢս˵ۡ
ʳ˵ڲۻڵѾΪˡйڡһŵ£Ƶķ߾ͻᱻ״ݿ壬á³֥Ƕ
ǰľΣѣԴƼΪ
ˣ
һϲȲ塰ģߵ佫ʳʵ̫ˣսеһѾûκΰ취
Ϊսָʱֱϲ⡣
š
嵭ĵ˵ͷ˲佫
صģһаţ
˵ţһԶޱϵĹ̫סսȰţʳٶ࣬Ҳĸߡ
ʣһжǹ̫׵Ľ
ʳûôŨıΧҲı֮ⲢʳûģĶͳ˧Ȼһ̫λʳͳ˧ĵı£һʼͲ˾֡
һ㣬˻ᾪȣȴһ㶼⡣
ûУλҲƴʳ۹ʷĴˣ
ֻϧǲ˵㣡
Цһͬʱһ˿Ĺâ
պɽǣǰǶʮ壬ʮ壡׼䣡
¡¡ʯ䣬һǿʶ糱ˮӹգպɽʶΪһ塣
ү
պɽɫһӹһ˿׾ϲɫ
ǶȣǶʮ壬ʮ壬䣡
䣡
ֻһ춯صıһֳͬŭһ㣬ХƿնĿꡭŽս˴ʳҲõԵţ߰Ⲿţ뼫Զ۵һСط
ĿǰһСطսƺҲȫء
£ֻһĲҽУһǧҵĴʳıˡ
ʬʬѸٵս
׼
˵ʲô˵ȴԶûô򵥣׳̶ȸͬնرս˲ֵսҪ׼˶ֵͬʱ˵Ѷȼ
⣬ΪҪȷ׼ԤУٶҲ࣬պɽƵ󳵲ӣҲֻһС˲
Ȼ࣬˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ҵսϣһǧĴʳﵹ£Ʒֿ֧Ĵɫһֱ˴֮κηָûκεԥ֧ںΪһ
˹ɱ˼
ͻȻ֮䣬һĺɱսϷҲǺһֽȻͬԶոճְǵպɽһ
ˣ
պɽӴ㣬˳
һѦǧ˴رʹӶ孾񲿶ӡЩ˵װûдôսҲѷһЩսʼ֮Ǿʧ˴
Щʤںηһǰͺ̣ʩչͬھʽ֮ʳ˻Ҫ¡
꣬о
ϣһǿʶգһȫ׵Ķ佫Ժ
ǣ
佫Ǳˣǹ㡣
ѦǧʹӶ孴͹ϵͬԴԵ½֮ͽеһ֧˹ͳ˧¡¡Ŷ孴ɱʽĹϷһ֧ʳһƬңڽڰˡ
ĴƶݵץסᣬҺϣѸٽ֧ʳӻȻϵĳڽһ֧ʳӹȥ
һ۵ԭֲ£ƾеߣ˶ŵƵı仯ʮƾӱѾȫսûκζıڣָ£ȴͻȻһ֧һ˵ľӣӡ
һĻ˵սеİ˼˳֥պɽˣĴʳ佫ɴһ
ӿٶȣɵЩţǣ
Զ˻һ˵ţһ͵һ˹ȥ
Ź̫սܳʱ䣬Ʒһ֧ӣϼǱܵĲ˶Էһ˿սͼоΣա
ߣˣ
ϵֻȻһЦⳡս͹̫֮Ľ֡㡱вʸ񣿲һžǼϣ֮ǰԲܵţǶͳ˧Ļ
ͳıĿ꣬һĿ꣬ܡļܣܣڰ˼ܡʮܣͷϬޣ䣡
ʶǿƥ˲ϢӹգϵʮܾͳЩͳֳһһ飬ֱѻһͷͷޣǴʱת䷽ȫ׼˵ͷ޴Ϭξޡ
䣡
ֻһǱըѹֻһľ·ƿն˲ͷϬξ޵ͷ­

һžͷ¾ߺݺݵһնͷȻģѸٸı䷽򣬳VȱڣҲ֧ʳﵹȥ
ãˣ
ˣˣ

һĻͻһʳ͵۾Ŀ¶Ŀ־塣
޾Ǽ˾ȫЩŸֵʱ˭뵽ȻᷢͻȻı仯
ԾɽͰӴϣԱɡ
䣬һȺɫţʱް㳯˷ܣֻ飬ҵսҪôס
¡¡ֻһͷɽͰӴϬξ޲Һţصĵ

ս˻һʳɫҰףֻüҽһ㱻ѹ£Ϣޡ¡¡һɲǣضɽҡֻһգۣǧĴʳܲ޵ʬѹ촷ۡ
ͬһʱ䣬ɱָ£һ֧ƵĴҲĹˣһˣѸٳVȱڹȥ
ս˲Ϣ䣬ǰֻѾȫתŲ˳˱ʳжϺ·Σգҷս֧ʳԮԼţⲾ˼в


1880 ˾Ľ֣
ˣˣ
׼أ
Ԯֹǣ

VȱڣʳһƬң־ȻǸû뵽ġ
ӣǵĴˣǵþˣ
ǰȫѪ죬˺ۣ͵һץסǰۣϲޱȡ
Ŀֹսһ˶ûӱܡ
ŷµĴӦеоҪһ۵˱ǰߣû˿ԥÿһ˶ս׼
һսʮԼĵоڶ࣬ʦֵܵս˴ʳ£˻Ǽסˣȵ˼Ԯһ̡
սûнڻɵʱټˣ׼Ͷµս
ʬ۴һһʳ佫г
ʥѪ߰ߣѩİҲѪ߰ߡӲɱӳһڣ֮Уֻλ佫һ뵽ս֮У˫ȾѪɱ˲֪ٴʳ
ϯϯ͸һŨѪζ̧ͷ趯ɫƽľһ㡣һ̣һ˫ޱȣйž޲ޱϲ
ʦ֣
ܣһƿŮϡ񾵵һȺŵĸַ׷׾ۼۡ۵Ůкᣬۡһսм룬ʣµҲ˴ˡ
ºܳһʱ䣬ŶԻָˡ
۵ģԼʦ֡С󣬲κʱʦֶ˶־̬
ʦã˵ɱôˣ׶˻Ǵˣ´ͬ׶ˣǴˣ
۵΢΢͸һ˿˻ơ
ŮԶʱסˡ
ҡҡͷû˵ʲôսȴδ˵ãŽֹɱɱ̤һ˵ΪΥǧص׼
ĳ̶ֳϣѾΥŵ룬㲻ˡ
ʦ֣Ĳ㣬Ҳǣ磡һɱ磬һǿʳ磬ֵȥȣҲֵȥ
Ůסۣһ۵
һб޹أȴΪ˸˾޴ĴۣʦˣʦҲˡΪŮӣЩȤʦֻΨһԭ
˾ǴˣΪǵԭѾɺܴ
ҡҡͷ͸һ˿˸СʶģŤͷڱǵӰ
ֻǵķˣҲǶԵģҲֻû飡
Χ񡢽ԼһŸֶʱĬˡ
û˵ޱȡ
ûҲûȴġȻ˱˴˻Ϊˣһ̣ȴԽеĸоǸпʵ֡´ͬˡ
ʹõֶκȫһ
ϣ
һԽĳ쳹գʯ䣬ЩͷԺзӶֳֳܿ쳯ǰɱȥ
ɱ
󣬽Ҳȥ
أսⳡսڼ֮У
ʳʹ֮䣬Ȼֻһܴ
ɱ
Ҳˣʶع鱾ʱڣѸپۼ֧һһңšVȱڳɱټϬξ޵£ѹƬVȱ࣬ʳ˱ɽ
¡¡һʳﻹûӦͱһ孾һս㲻ȣƵĵɱʳңҼ֪ȥӦĸĹ
ͣѪ֣ʳһһĳȻԲ۾˴ֱͦͦĵڵϡ
ĳԤףһ
˻Уһʳֵס׷ױն£͵ڵϡսתһǧǧǧĴʳﲻϵĵ¡ۣͬӦһŵսʿһѸٱսʿһ׷϶б֮С
飡
սʿµͬʱ飬ŵư㣬սʿŵ¡󷽣ɱһ˻һ֧ƵľӳɱһξⲾҲܵ
ô
ۿűɽϴʱҲľѡ
ķ֮Уѹ̫ٱãʳռ˾ԵıƣôҲû벻ףսôͻȻ֮䷢չ

һҽӶϴɽ̶ʱڣо򣬲֪ٴʳսʿ͵ѪһΣҲһ˿ҺͲ
壡
Զâһξޱϣʥڹ̫һ˫Ŀ⣬˲˶棬ϵ壬ޱȣ
㣡
˹֮սʼѾǵһθʳشˡ󣬴ʥڵıǱƻˡ
˾ô£Ѿס𣿡
̫ɫ࣬Ļعͷ
֮ǰԼ˾þס壬ָսȻڣһȫˡȻ̫׵ķŭûеõӦ

һ̣ڹ̫𺳵ĿУ۶ڴʳ۹ӵߵλޱȵġ˾һб·ľ׮һ㣬ξ޸߸ߵıϣ׹ȥһգֱͦͦڵϣѪ֣һϢޡ
䣡
˾ʬ׹ɲǣսһƬžʱ䶼·ͣξޱ̫׻һ͵۾
ⲻܣ
һɲǣ̫ԺһƬհס
󷽣ټĴʳѻȸɫ԰ףޱȡ
˾
ո׹Ǵ˾ôܣ
ڴʳ۹˾ӵϵĵλڵ۹ڲ̫Ĵ˵ˣУԶܵģͬʥڹ̫һ˾ôܻ
˾ôһͨһӾޱֱͦͦĵ
иţǴ˾װû˷ðˣҲû˸ôȥǡ
ҿ𣿡
ûǴ˾
ôᡭ

֮Уʳ佫ѹɫ԰ף˵ʱ촽ڲ
ܣܣôܻɱ˴˾
ʱ˿̣·˹˹֣ϵ˸ܵĳԶ֮ϡ
˭Ҳû뵽˾ͨһôˡ
˾ԾսһģҲֻʣ¡壡
һ˲䣬Ŀ׷ͬһ򣬿ԶǵӰÿж𺳵Ըӡ
ڴʳ죬˭Ҳû뵽˾ɱˣ
쵰
ʯ䣬һŭξޱһҵĽ·һ˲Ϣͨء
һǣ嶼΢΢ɫǵ׹ⱬĵط


1881 ħ
̫ף
Ժһ⣬ʱ˲٣֪̫׺ǿҲûϵ̫׾Ȼǿֵز
΢
̫׵ΪԴﵽ΢ҿ»Զֹ΢ô򵥣ͬﵽ΢ײǰĹ̫׾޷⡣
Сģ
ɫһݣһǿʶ糱ˮӹգã֥˼˳˼һ
û˿ԥգǰͬһʱſԼΪ¡һɰľͷͬͬͨء
ʿյĿڵʵȵոշؾʦ̤΢ʱǿԶֹһ㡣
ʳ̫֮ףĩʱҲպգ׹֮Գٳٲ֣ʵԸޣҲԸսΪ˱ʵԸλʳ۹ʷǿĴڡ
壬㣬ƣԼݣΪ˸ۣ
̫׵¡¡ף͸ĺⶳ衣
̫ⷬײκ˵ʶֱ
˾ˣ
ʼʱ򣬹̫Ϊһ־磬ֻܿӵվһвܷˡ
̫׵ľ̽˾ϲûشĴˣʶȴ׵ʧˡĴ֯һƬң׷飬ʣ˾һǿľ񹥻걻߽ˡ
̫ײ֪ոһɲʹ˾֮䷢ʲôǺʣ˾ھ򳹵װܸ壬
˾ǹ̫һҪѣĹУܶطŴ˾Ӱӣʦѣźĸ飬̫ôû뵽˾С
ǿǸĶ֣Сģ
֮У˼˳һȭɶĴʳ佫Լʮʳһ࣬͸ʶ˵
̫Ȼûг֣ϣ˼˳оһӴѹ
ս֮⣬ûĶ֣ǡ¾壬͹̫֮仹Щࡣ
СģҪˣ
֥һݣ͵һ˰˹֣ͬʱӦ
֥˹ײһս΢ǿԶҪµĶ̫࣬ɱһ֣ܹɼش
û˵ͬս׼Ȼûн֣ǹ̫׻ľǸǿĶ֡
Ȼսķչȫͬ

ХԹ̫ΪģԲǧڣ찵أͬһ޴а㡣֮У̫ײûֱӳָֻ֣һ飬һɰľΪɫ˲һб޴ͭ޶ϡ
䣡
Ǿ޴ͭ޶ϣһִӦϣͬһʱ䣬ͬ޶ϵķӡҲ״򿪡
ɣħ
̫׵ޱȣ쳹սޱȣ͸һɿֲζ
𣡡
̫׵䣬һĦ˻ͻȻͭỤ̋͸һɼȵĻ
Ƿ˵˻սս˻ĵطһƥƥѵصĴʳս·ܵ޴ľһ㣬͵ɢܣΧͳһƬҡ
ô£סս
ϣһʳսʿŭӣȻеĽһ̣ܿʧˡ
䣬һ죬һɽѰӴͭ󶦳صĶ˲忪ڲĺɫŨҵıըȻһŨҵĻ棬ƺƵ籡ͬһ㣬Ѹٽͭû
ϣ
սս˻ʳʹ˫սʿԭڼҵɱһǣ˶ע⵽˴ʳ󷽵
ע⵽ǹŨ̺ͻ棬һӴģֲѹ
ָоͺܱ߶סһ㡣
ʲô
һǣöע⵽һĻ΢΢ɫ
սУûֲֿĸоȾ޶Ҫ¡
ʱ˿Ψһ侲ģҲֻˡ
ڷųˣ
ɫһƬأϣڿս֮ǰע⵽˴ʳӪߴͭ޶ʱֻ̽Ǳ˾ֹ˶ѡ
ǴʳһɱﵣֻǾ嶼֪ʲô

ǿֲٴһ̾˵ĿУһŹĻӾ޶ڲ籡ţĺУצӣзݴС͵ش̽˳
һǣڿ˾޶ڲͷ塣
һͷ߰ʮ׸ߣŨ̡Լҽɵĳ¹
ûй̶壬տʼֵʱӦֻʮң̶ʱڣѸȡҼٵ׳󣬴ﵽ߰ʮ֮ߣһ
Ȼ˾ģһԾ޴ģֱʮ׵ǣԼһԽɫӸ£̫ҪĿɢаϢĳ
⵽ʲô
ܵͷϵϢҲһƬȻ
˿ֲѾﵽĶ㣬ûмĩʱҲӦ˵ʵϣѱԺеļ䣬ҲûзκκͷƵ
ѵΪҵĸԤʱЧӦԭûгֵĹգ
һǣԺд˷˲Ϣӹͷ
ǿиıʷˣд۵ģԵľǻʱյķӦ
ϱӣƺʹʳֻ֮һս
Ϊ˰˹֣ɱ˺ɺʳ۹¹̫λʳĴ³ɽƺʹʳ֮֮ս
ȻʱѾϾȥ˼ЩˣԶŹ̫׵ͷ޴Ļͭ󶦣˹
䣡
ֻһıըޱߵĻ棬ħһҵĻ棬ͬһ㣬ַԲǧɵ򣬰һʳֲһŻУʱҽһ˴ܵȼ
ֻƬ̣ʳ㻯һŽ̿ȥ
ΧǧĴʳͬܵ˲һҺţΪ̿ڻеȥȵµģΧЩͭ󶦵Ľ־ˡ
ͷħɹ̫״ģǿħĻֵңǴʳˣ̫ҲĹ֮С
ܣܣħ
󷽣һʳ԰ɫĺţӴܡ
ʳ£ԿеĶֵʱͷħ޷Կ
ˣȫÿ
ʱ򣬹̫ģսϿ
һβ˵䣬ħǰĴʳͬˮ˰㣬ȥֳһֱǧɵĿ̹;
ûȥԿħֿµĸ£ն˿ұģ
ֲֿĸоֻԶ롣


1882 ħ֮һ
䣡
йâһһųȵҽգ˵ĿУͷֲĹޣǣɫͫףŲѸǰս
Ĳ죬һǼʮɵľ룬֮¹׽档
ͷħڲͣĴмȡӴڲͣĲߡ
ãÿµĶ
һ̣˵ˣԷƵİ϶оâڱѰϾͷǳԼڵķġ
һ࣬˹Ҳɫݣ֥˲ϣʶԱƶҪܿͷ޵ķâ
ϣ
ս˻Щþѵս֪໹ҪʳѾҪƲסˡУণһĹХմûͷ￿еľźӥѾǰоΣգһɢ

ХɳʯʱһŵĴдá³˼˳֥ȫգˡ
Զģڴԭ˺ɱʮ־İ˼ԼͬҲʶһħķ
ǵĶִʱҲľûнõˡ
ħĳֳ׵ĸıսִģ𡢱Űɱ¾ϢǵأŨҵԸӣ˼ܵսЩ˾оĿ־塣
սϣƷ棬ͷͬʱķ
Хÿ˶оǿҵΣգʳٻռֶΣͷԶȿĻҪ£ԴƼΪ
˶ڵȴľ
û˵ֻɫ
󣬸ı䷽򣡡
󳵷䣡
ǰ߷ߣ
ɸǽ

ս˲Ϣ䣬岢ûг̫ãת˲֮䣬´һܵ
û·
һƽ¤;ʦ
һֵסʳʧߣƽԭϣĶ֡һþ޾źħĴʳݺ£ʮƵľֻ·һ
䣡
һĻ󳵷;ͳѸٸı䷽ʮǧ̽Ե˲ϢӹգԶѾ͵׵ħȥ
ڻҵսħӴΪõİӣ
ۣ⣬ҽĽʮǧͨиߴħѸûС
һɲǣӴսһƬţ塢á֥Ŀ׷׶ͷɵľޣȻľ鷢ˡ
ǧʯޱȵûħ֮󣬾ͺһ㣬ûмʮɱ޵ľ֧󱳴֮⣬ûκεı仯
ͷħͺûʵһεĹ޷˺
У
һĻպɽ˲䵹һ˲ɫ³֥˼˳Ҳɫѿѡ
󳵷;ͳǴƷǿֶΣҲʳɵ
ȫʧЧҲζŴʧȥֶΣ
µǣħûʵ壬Ҳζֶζûá
һɲǣͻȻףΪʲô̫׻ͷΪζѹֶˡ
˶оһĺ⡣
𣡡
ʱ򣬵ضҡƵһԳԵĹǰߣһ˶Ϻ󣬴Ӻ󳷵ʱ˶жһ񱩵ģ޾˻
ãã纣Ĵʳ룬ͷӴģֲħͻȻͷ죬ſɫĿ»¶ͬһһ㣬볤
ãˣ
ƤһоһӴΣһݣһѸǰ߷ݶȥ
ķӦѾܿˣǻ̫ˡ
Ѿ߾裬Ĳ룬˻ԶԶ͹ħ
䣡
ҵҽлһ޴ĻΣͬһһ㣬ӳѸ׹£Ȼҵײڳ˵Ĵо֮С
¡¡ضɽҡħһеĻҪ¡
ֻâһһҽѸٳִƵľ֮У԰ټȫװĴսʿԶûһҽûΪɻҡ
ڳ˵ĴƾӣҲɴ˱һΪи
ҽˢ£һһƬӿĺˢϯΧĴʿ

ֻһĲҽУǧƵʿܲ˲䱻ûΪ
ҽӿٶʵ̫ˣԱܼսû㹻ʱͿռܡ
ߣ
һ佫۾ˡ
Ʊ仯֮죬̶ʱǧĴսʿ»Ѹӡ
ľĻ
𣡡
ħ³ҽԴԴϣһǣ𺳵ĿУӴħſȻ嶼¡ȥΪһƬҵҽ棬ԶƵĴ롣
ã
һǣõҲоʲô׷׳ݶȥ

һ̣˲ŵĿУŨ̹ƵӪ֮УƬҽм䣬ľ޴צȻ̽˳ץա
ܿ죬ź¡ľ죬ħǿֲӰڴƵľεض
Ȼַʽתƣض˴Ƶľӡ
䣬ħǻҽɵֱۣȻһץϣܵҺһӱܲûʧ
ϣһ¶¸ĺ󷨵ĸǽħֲĳǰҲѸٵڻ
ۣħһţһȵҽӿٴ԰ټƵĴսʿһһͶ㣬ħûʹֻǼ򵥵ƶôƵľӳ˼α
ͷһǰ׾ӵ΢
ħȣپʿҲϰС
ݣ
ؼʱַ̣ڳ²õ£䣬ܼȣѸӹؿռ䣬ɫȥ
ħȫǻ棬ȫЧڳ²õжУֻ۾ˡ
ֻǳ²ûǸ߹Լ߹ַ󣬵͹ħʵ
ħ⣬Ũ̹ܣΧ弫תļ껹ûп뻹жʮɣڳ¶ȵлΪˮ
һĻ²һƬȻһлԶûнַܵĹħĻعͷ޴ȭͷ͵һӣһɰɫĻ棬Ϊҽǵأų²ãַȥ
һɲǣ²úɫˡ
ħһȭٴﵽȣʮȣĸռ䶼ܹգ˵ˡ
һУ˱ɡ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬ۿų²úַҪħУһ̣âһһϸСӰͻȻڰ֮С
漴ҽ·ܵһεǣлûһ޴ĻΣȻһȥ¡һ׹ڵϡ


1883 ħ֮
ԶŰ˻ħڲͣĹƵľӣһĻɫһƺҲû뵽ȻƫתĹҽһ
컯
ܹһҲֻˣڴﵽ΢֮Ĵ컯ѾǷ켫뵽һ磬ħҽҲһת
ȥɣ
գͷ޴һ˿ĺâ
¡ضɽҡħɫһɲǣֻһ󾪺˶벻鷢ˡ
ħһͷɽͰȻͻȻԾ˵ٶͳ˹֮٣͵ײħϡ
Ǹ޴Ϭǣ絶һ㣬Ѹٴ͸ħ壬Ǽ⣬ħǰ͸
໣
ҸħһŭХӴϬξ޵ĳ£ǰ
ô£ǵľΪʲôṥħ
ߵһ࣬ǧĴʳȫһĻˡ
ħԼһģ˭Ҳû뵽ͬľޣȻ˹ħ
Ǿ𣡡
Զξޱϣ̫ɫ䣬ĿһɨѸϡ
˾Ѿеľ˾ƣΪľǷֹ˹¼ݣû뵽徹Ȼܹƽƣٴվ޵ĿȨ
սֻд˾ܿƵ˾ޣʣĿǴӴ˾õġ
һ۵ģ
һɲǣ̫׵ɫԽı
ħɵ
ԶѾ˾ޣҶħ֣̫ȴɴ˿ûǰ˼һһޣô򵥡
ħôɱҲὫΪɱˡ
䣡
ƺӦŴ˾ԶϬξ޶ŵħһһɹ̡ҽɵ֣Ȼһͣ˵ĿУȻһϬξӴ塣
ϬξϺģĺ󷨵ؼ׶ȫֵסֱӱһ޴ĽڵĿһ࿴ȥܿһ˹ظԭ
ÿֲ⵽ʲôޣ
һɲǣԶԶģ˹ظԭϣûжעһ籩ͬע޴ħһȭ򴩾޵ͫһ͸𾪡
ǴʳǴƣ˫ۼʵ̫ǿˡ
˹ص۹ʵ۹󽫼Ϊȫֽȥˮ뷨СʨսҰǲȥֻӶʣڴˡ
ɵηģͷֲħ
޵ѾǳˣƥӴƵľͳϾ¾ߵڶûǾѾ˵⡣ͷħȻһȭͽ䴩ˡ

ʹĲҺУͷϬξȻӴƽɽ㣬¡¡ص׹ڵϣ̳һɲضҵĲ¡
Ѹȼ˻棡
Ԫػ壬Ӵ߻һɲǣ춼оһĲʣǴʳ׼ֶΣѡˣ˹ص赲
ʳ˵ҰĿԶֹô򵥣
һɲǣЩϣܹʤΪ˴ƣ벻ʲôܹԸֿµ
׵ܶپӶܿƵ
ʱ˿̣ӵͬ뷨Զֹһ
ħ벻Ȼģ
һ࣬ͻʴԭϣ󽫾ʸȫϢɫͬޱȡԶĵطͬããʳսһţʧǰԤϵһĻѡĹսص㣬ԶԶ뿪˫սĵط
ֻǣߵǳսѾȫע⡣
ÿµپֵˡھͿӦˣʧܣ½վǴƵ֮ˣ
ʸ૵˵ĸо
ͻĴУһ̣ʸȫ˵ϲá̫ǴʳĴ棬ߣݺƵ£ֻµĶͽǵһĿꡣ
ֻǣеĶӵĸߣ
ϡϡԶԶ˶ڹעⳡ֮սսֵķչѾԶԶǵ񡣶ħĳ֣Ϊ֮ʧɫбò
𣡡
һ쳹أҲı仯Ӵս׸ߵľ޴ħһȭɱƵϬξޣϵҽҲ·ܵĳݼһӿš
䣬ֻһ죬ħſһһ̣·ɽ緢һ㣬޾ҽͻ棬һɹɣЮŹỤ̃һɹɲֵң˷罦
ĻͺһӴĺĻսѱա
𺧵Ļں󷽡
飡
һŨҽ棬Źḷ́ͬʯһص׹ڵϣһֻ̣һ˻𣬻һգ֮䣬Ũҽ֮Уһͷҵġħ֮ض
һͷͷͷ˻һһ󣬶ֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ħΪģԲ߰ǧɵķΧڣһͷһͷĻ˸ŲضȻ˺ȻĿУѸ˷
Сģ
ڶߣƺʹʳʿͷħסҺȼ
ˣˣˣ
ԶϿһĻҲǰľ
ħޣ޷ȻʥѾסˣħĻ˭ҲѹסģǴʳˣ̫ҲͬĹ֮С
һɲǣЩףΪʲôġСʥһֱȵһ̲ʹˡ
ôܣ
ͷȻ

ʱ˿̣𺳵ĪڴһˡͷħӴ󣬲ھޣȴûоʵ壬ܵض˺󣬻Բٿسߵ¶ȡ
Ѿ㹻ֲˣȻ˭Ҳû뵽ȻԷֻġˡֱȫǾŻ𼶵ġ
鷳ˣʵʿȫˣ
³֥˼˳˵ɫ԰ޱȡħѾǳѶԸˣټǧƵġˡƶԴƶʱüΪ
¡¡˹սѾΪ¯һ㣬ɫŨգ߶ģ
ʱ˿̣ͷǰδĹĴ׷ˣӪĸߣħֻЩȫûáۿζƵľӷ׷׳ˣֻɽͰ޴ħһĻѸ׷ɱȥħڸ߿գԡܻе˫ҲǱޱȣ˫һ磬Ҫʮƾ׷ɱȥ


1884 Э
Ȼʱ򡪡
䣡
ƺƣ֮Уһźɫմɽ壬ƾճ֣Ȼ󶸵һΣ֮٣׹£ҵĺħͷһͻǿֲҵħͷĽģŨһҵˮ˱俪

ħҺһ⻹ӳһη
á³˼˳ң
Ӵ侲ޱȣ˶һˣʳԼ˱ܾ޴ħΨ壬ʼձ򶨣ʼղȡж
໣
޴˻Уͻƣһͷˮţεľޣƶħ
ħеĴƣȫ
¡¡ˮţξ˻ţصײħϣ󣬴غѸٵĿ˵ڶͷ޳ǵͷͷܴ˾ġȻҲͬȡеЩ֪ʶ
ʱĹȥյ֪ʶԽԽ࣬ͬƾ޵ٶҲԽԽ졣
ߣϣ
ԭͨĹûãɶЧ

âһû˿ԥá³֥Ѹƿնͷħ˶ȥֵɲǣ˿÷ȻĴ컯ɵղûܹɱħǳ΢ĹħϢһЩ
֮ǰͳĹȫͬ
ʣͷûʵħҲģ޷սʤġ
˾
䣡
û³Ѱĸ֣Ϊͳ˧˵ʵڲ֮âһֻƬ̵ʱ䣬˱սǰͷ޴ħΧ
ֻһ춯صľ죬һɹȵʥǵأɽ˷׷׻սħϯΧնҪˡ
³ҲħĶ֣ǣƣٵѹҪСࡣ
ã
һħϱըϢ֥˶ʱܲѣһӿ˹١
أ
ڴƵͷΧ޵ʱԶһĺŽǣϡ޳ͻȻӴʳ˵Ĵ𣬻սĴʳ佫عͷͿξޱϣ̫ɫ䣬һֱۺݺݻ¡
Ҫȫˣûôף
ǰЦһعͷ˴ʥڵ˼
ȫ߹Ҫˣ
δ䣬ȻһһźеĴƾ׷ɱȥ
ȳˣħסƵжͷȻٽûͷڵĴƸֵܵסǡ
ɱ
һ˲䣬ɱ춯أĴʳһĸɱڣѸٳų˵ĴƾӣȥǹƱѵأɽ֮֮ǰҪֲ
ħĿãӵǿİ֣ڴƸǵĶ֡
Сģ
ܱǰǹں
Ϯ׼ߣ

ȥɽϮĴʳӣһƾͫɫˡ˽ЩߣħԼЩ˵Ĺ¼ʧ룬Ҫħ䴩
ûЩߣҪֵĳ棬ûôס
Ҫǣڵ˸ܵù
¡¡
𶯣̳ۿųǧĴʳ˫ĿѪ죬һѪĳɱѸƹħϵĽӽһɽŵѸϯ
׼
ţ
Ҳʱһ˶СһĻһ̣ƵŭХ뷢һɫļܼ꣬ȣѸӹգǰĴʳ֮С
ۣһдս˻ƵĴʳ룬ͬĵһ˲䵹¡
޴Ĺʹ֮ʬͬս˦ȥԶ̳ս
ѪͬϪһ㣬ڳʣµɱãã纣ĴʳʱɫһϣԶԭһİҲ˲ɫ
ʳΪ˻رħֲɱħɱ¾ܣ󳷣˺ʹƾ֮ľ룬Ҳպɽ󳵲ӷӵĿռء
ٷţ
պɽĿɫ侲û˿ԥһӣ󳵷ٴ¶ԼĿһƵĴʳﱻֲǰ󶴴ؿֳһ޴ѪȻľ׮㵹ȥ
󳵲ӵķôѸ
Ѧǧǰ潻㣬ξҲǵһ
պɽѸǰ
ս˹ħвӰΣû˵ֵˣ壬ã³дƶͳ˧ڽ߾ȫסħûָӴ
ʱպɽѸٽӹ˴ָȨȻûдﵽ۹󽫼𣬵Σ֮䣬պɽѾ¶Ϊ۹󽫶һĵǡ
˸㵴ͣ
ǰѦǧһףպɽ͵һҧ߾٣ѸٴУŴʳӡ
Һ׼ɱ
ͬһʱһطҵγ޽ΣʱͬͦǺ㻮գ쳹ηʿ
͵佫
Σ
νľ
˹һսͨҵѴܹƾ˵䣬ͨʿʿһҵ֮⣬û
¡¡ҵеѸټᵽҵ󣬵ʣâ¶ʱս׼
İӺڣ
Ӱİӽָӣ˺
һ¡¡Ƶİʿеİ߾٣ܼ֣Ա߼Уǹƺޱȡ
պɽ󳵲ӵľ䣬ҵҲİӵľģֻҪҵڣʿԶɢ
׼ս
ͬһʱ䣬ǧϯԪҲͦӹ˴ָȨš󶼻ľӡĽ̶ʱڣеĴƾȫ˼ᡣ
棬󳵵ǿѻȻ޷ֹӿĴʳӡ
䣡
̶ֻʱ䣬˫Ĵٴμսһ𣬶ħֻĻҲͬսš


˹һɹҵĻգ䲻ݷ֮ʣ˼˳Ժ֮
˫Ĵٴμսʱһ࣬˺ħսҲޱȣ䣬ɽͰħ͵һֱֻص£ɲǼҽ䣬ҵĻ۾
ɹ
¾
˼𣡡
׻ǣ
ʵȭ

塢֥³˼˳任ϵĳмħ𹥻ǿĹ㣬ͣħϡ


1885 վԳһ
Уľˣʽ򵥣ȴԵޱȣһϴǦĸоҪǣһȻҲﵽ΢
ÿһιܹ򿪿ռ䣬ʱǣ΢ħħϵĻ棬Ľ
Ȼˣ˵Ĵȴ˿ûиı䡣

ħǷϺĸ¼ϵֹˣ˺ħʱҵҽŷڵϣתɸĻˡ
Щ˲ӿǰҲ뵽Χͷս֮С
䣬ͻȻ֮䣬һûκεףƺеŭħ¶Ȼһ̤ɲǼ䣬𶯣Ծ޴ħΪģһȦ˽ʮ׸ߣԷϺ֮ƣϯȥ
֥ԭħбӶ𹥻ֲĸ»ͻԵ֥
ˣʯ䣬֥ɫһһ㣬ѸбɲȥݷӦν죬ֻϧˣ飬ֻ֥һУɿȥ
ã
һĻ˶һϡ
һӶдߵħĽɫкһһ޴ֱۣ棬ɽ֮Ѹ֥
һȭ֮ȭͷû£վѾֳ֮ࡣ
ħһȭҪǻˣϣֻ¸֥Ҫը㲻ҲҪˡ
Сģ
һ˲䣬ɫ䣬³˼˳ȫı䷽Ÿ֥ȥȻ֮ǰΪ˱ⱻħУɢص˺ħ֮ľ롣
ʱ򣬷³Ҳʮɵľ룬һл
ۿŻܣգħȭͷи֥жʱˮףʱ侲ͻȻͷ

ˣʯ䣬𶯣һһ»ͻȻ֣գӴ˲䱬һɽħ޴ֱǣһԣһס֥˲һࡣ
¡
ܣħһȭգȻһŭĿѸе壬һȭ͵ĺ˹ȥֻǹâһ䲻ݷ֮ʣȴѸٶ㿪ˡ
ȻŭħһգԽķŭǣԽͣǿֲĸճһƬŨҵĺ̡
Ǹֵס
󷽣һͻȻǰĿ㣬нס˳
ϡʦã󷽽ˣ
δ䣬һΣֳֺȻʥһ˸ѸԶݶȥ
õʵѾܸˣǶԸͷûʵħԶԶ۵ĽǶȥֻܣ˹ͷħҵĻգѾȫѹˡ
ʱֻм֮޻֮
ƾǣȻԶԶ
ӣ
ۻɿ⣬һ̣ʥһû˿ԥһɫĿֺƵͬӰؿռնȥһħȵĻ档
Ȼһûܶħ˺һħĻ࣬ҪǡħעѸٱϡ
ȥǣȥһ֮
ͬһʱ䣬ԪһԶĿд˷δ䣬ХԪһѸԶƿնȥлͥһԶתͷѸٳǰҵսȥ
𣡡
ңԶһطһͷ׶ߵĻˣֻһȭͽһܱɳȥɱͬʱ˳ǹɱȻգûжԻʵԵ˺
Ȼͷ˻һ׼Ʋʱ򣬺䣬âһһ޴ıˮͻȻ˲䴩ͷˣֻһ죬һɹȵԭôɱˣ˲ʧ١
ѰĹЧ취ҵˮԴԸǣǱǵκιЧ
˶δ䣬һݣͷӶһȭɱһͷˣȻһ·ķȥ
ˮˣ
ħġˡһӵвԡսܹ׵Ŀƻˣһȭ׸ɵһҲֻм
Уȱˮ̫ɺˣ
ߺɱ󣬼üͷ壬ļ٣ȻƷ⣬ֻԼ֪һԶˡ֮ǵ£ȫǼӲʯԶĪɳĮֻ£ˮʵ̫١
ܹӵصȡõˮʵ̫٣󲿷ֶֻͨĹԸˡ
ˮôܵõˮ
Ŀ磬ѸɨսǼ֮䣬ҵԸħˮԴڽʱͻȻһ춯صĺɱ
ɱ
Զһķ֮УһʳܶܶɱǸûںħսˣֱӳսɱ
˵Ĵ󽫣ᣬɱǵĽʿ
ϵѪĹâ
û˼ͷһǸָӳĴСǸİӵ죬ǸԼĶֻ֣ҪɱЩ߲㽫죬ʣµľȺףֻ·һ
ˣ
ɱڣֱİϺһʳܶܶպɽɫһ΢΢ɫ
塢³˺ͷħսһ𣬵ȴûһʳǰȥǣơΧպɽ֪ǴʳĴͼı
ţ
պɽֱһӣ䣬ܼ꣬˲Ϣȥ
ûõģ
ЦЩƳԸͨ˻ԣԸЩ۹󽫼Ķǿߣø΢΢䣬ϴһӣһɰīֻһ𣬾ͽԲڵȫɡ
ɱ
ɫݣ߾ķ֮УҪ´﹥ȻϵĻֻ˵һȻֹڰϵͷһ޴Ӱգѹѹļ󣬲ҳŰԼΧĴʳ
Գ
ϷֻСͬɽ㣬ĺëԳۣʧɫˡʳľѾûʣ¼ֻˣеľ޼ȥԸħˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ֻԳͻȻıĿ꣬Ŵʳû˿Ϣ
ӣ
ʯ䣬룬еķ֮͵һëԳͬʱһĲӰбɲǷ˶ȥ
и˲κǿͷΪǵã޾ǡǡֻëĽվԳΪףֻվԳֹޣͭƤǣߣһӵп
սԽãܵ˺ԽսƻͻԽֲ


1886 վԳ
¡
վԳɽĸȭͷ£Բ֮ڣضƷʯգʮɸߣ̳ӿƵսһֱˡ

ֻһĲҽУһʳܶܶ۵ĺȻֻܲüſͱͷվԳֲһ˴ѿȻݺݵ֮С
ϣս˻һͬҳģɷΧڵĴʳ
ǵʵҲӲǶ֣
ȻһлԶûнһһӰͶȻѸС󣬻û˷Ӧһֻ˶ȭͷĴʳ֮Уҽ֮ڶ
͵Ϯƣʹ𣿡
սϿ
ܱħƣӦһʱ֮û̫õİ취ʱ̹۲սϵҷĶãƽվԳڴʳӷƻ
˹֮սľ飬ڿ˵Գξޣ൱о顣µǣͿսľ޲ͬŽվԳרŴ򡢹ʳеܶܶи佫
Գˣӣ
쵰ɵ

һʱ֮䣬ʳӪ֮ҽŽվԳǰ˭ֱӺֱս洸򡢺Ҷȥսзֳ롣

¡¡һɹ𵴣ŭĴʳܶηĳŽվԳݺݵĺ˹ȥȻǲŸոûãͱվԳУڵҷ˳ȥ
ͷվԳʵλھ޾ۣ֮ƥ΢ǿߡڴʳУܴﵽǿߣҲ޼
ײųƴʳսҲ˹սʱͻƵġ
ûĶ֣һϣ÷Ը
һʵǿĴʳܶ˻ţһ䣬ʮʳܶܶӸΧͼ֮Ʒͷ
ͷڴŰ룬ʳûдһľͳ
Ȼ˶͹˽վԳҲ͹˿塣
ֻվԳɽͰͻȻأȻ֫ͻѸ˳Ȼ;һۣͻȻı䷽ۣЩʳܶΧ֮ǰϱ÷
䣬ֻϱըһŹ𣬱ըڶֻƬ̣ܶܶ㱻վԳƣݣߵɱ
ҽվԳĶɾ׺һͷޣǡһսߣ
վԳѾǳ£ټʶ;飬ȫң޷е

ĲҽУڽվԳĹ£ǧĴʳϰ㣬׷׻Ϊࡣ
սΨһ赲ƾ޵ģֻд˾񣬴˾Ѿûֹܹ塣
ɱ
һĻһ࣬ƴ񡣴ʳħҲûһ֮ɲǼ䣬ĴƽʿŴʳ˷ȥ
պɽҵǧҲûзŹᣬŴŴʳһʱ֮䣬ռĴʳ˷һƬң·硣
飬˳ʳ˷׷ľ׮㵹£һɾ

Զ󷽣˵ǻ·˹ˣξޱϵĹ̫׶ɫսȭͷ纮˪
飡
̫ͻȻǰ̤һһ˿Ϭĺâ
ɱ
̫׵쳹ս䣬ս仯ԭ˼ħŭһϢǣԭʮȵĳ£ٴαһء
ˣ
һ󾪺³һݣ׷ȥħ˻ᣬѸѶŽվԳķ򼲲ȥ
ĻΣһϢ֮վԳҪɲ
ͷԶʱħԴʱȡսôãѾϵϢ˲٣ǵڣϺһһɹ֮вϵ͸ӿ뵽ħڡ
һ˲䣬ͷԶʱħָԭ۷壬֮ԭҪ׳һء
һĻ嶼ɫ
𺧵Ļں桪

ħ˻𣬻ĺŨһͬһʱ䣬һУħںڵצУһϸĿ죬գ֮䣬ͻΪһ߰˰ɣȼŻͺ̵ľױޡ
žħĿǰԶڴʳдƻĽվԳȻױһ˦ɫϸױлһ޴ĻΣһʿȻԶĽվԳȥ
һĻͻ嶼һݣ˲ɫ
ױһͿֲħսôãҲǵһοħʩչ
𶯣ķӦȴһҲ
䣡
ħ˦޼ֱҪסվԳɲǣ䣬վԳȻһݣУʱڿն𣬼䲻ݷ֮ʣԺ֮ħĳޡ
ħɫɽͰ㴣ڵϣһлգħû˿ķ⣬ʯɽֻ̳ħӴȻһ죬˫Ҫݶʱͻ𡪡
ʯ䣬ֻһħͷһƬӰϮħɫһ㵣ʶ̧ͷֻһգ˷۶֮в֪ʱߡ
¡
ûħӦһֻ̣һ죬һ̫֮ҪĿĳһа㣬ͻȻҵ
ֻһ͡俪ħԺӴһԣȻɢħԾľٶ
׳磡
һɲǣ׹ҫĹâ˶ħͷһϸСֳִɽʹ㾡ȫԿ֮·ն
һ̣˴ɽʩչ֮ħĶ
ħĻ˿ǵУҪһֻɽƵľţֱѴ֮ȻסҲͬΣءڣͷվԳԼΨһԿƴʳ
һվԳɱʳĴض˿ɵУ
ϧˣǴɽڵͷû̫ãֻȴɱȥ󣬻˿ɵУ
ŽվԳӹһ١󣬴ӿ£ڴʳдƻĹУȴо൱Ľǡ
컯ɹ޽ѾʹеǿֶΣһ֣ǾޣҲѾˡ
ͷħƺеߣɱÿϣ˵ԴԴϵĴмȡʱʱÿȥһ̣ƺǿһݡ
Щȥʵܿͻһ˵ز󣬽˿ԶԸ
Ƥֱ
һͷޣҡʯ䣬ͻȻƳһԶĹ̫ףһɲǣͻȻһָо̫ʵ̫ƽˣսڣ̫һֱûв֡
жôĿȣͼڵȴͷħɳ


1887 ħ֮һ
𣿡
Զ̫ĲĿ⣬ŲǰЦ
ͷԶʱħӡ̫õʱ䣬ѾԶ۷ʱ״̬ÿȥһ̣ʵ᲻ϵıǡħĸҪʱ䣬ǹ̫׺żԭ
ħǲģ˺Щ˽֣ᷢ㾡ȫҲ޷ħֻӭһǿħѣ
ֹˣУ̫ҲԽ˽ǵʵ͡
Щεֵն֣ᷢǵע
ˣһ֮ɣ
̫׿ԶħͻȻһ̤һֱӴξ뿪˰֮Сͬʱָһָ¡֮𺳵ĿУħͷͻȻһ޴Ŀռȱڣռ֮󣬽ɫĹâ嫵ģԶĸߵȼǰһǡ
¡ֻâһһ̣ǵ޴͵Ļ·ߵľ޴ħǰ·ٲк£ħȫͬţ뺣㣬ħڡ
ã
һʶ뵽ֹѾˡͷħڼսУѾ˲٣ﵽһ㣬ٵõ̫΢һƴͼһ飬ʱʵı仯
𣡡
ԭܴħŭХһ·ĳصģķӡһ㣬һɰƴڱ˵ĿУͷħԭӴͻȻֱӲһףֱǵһʮףһһʮףһʮס
ҲɱĻ涼һȦ¶ȸ˶ʮȣճḷֹ́ˣʵ֮мȡٶҲɼαӡ
̫ԭ΢ĸߵȼռ䣬ֻΪһ֮ڣħȻգֱӴͷǲɴȵʱǿмȡ
˻Уһɫĸߵȼ·ٲк£¡һ·ħһǿﵽһ㣬ħĶͷУȻ۳һɫģ̺طġ
ã
һҲ룬ָһסɽٴμˡ׳硱֮Уƹ˽һѼٶȻΪһħͷնȥ
ħȻӵв֮Ҳ֣ԴȪͷֻҪͷȻɱȴԴǴߵȼ缳ȡĹ̡
Ȼһȴ֮ǰȫͬ
ˣ
˫ɫͫаޱȣͫҲһ˿磬ɨգһΣħȻֱΣ˵䣬֮ǰٶȣѸٻ塣
õ̫׵İȡ΢ĸߵȼռһ̵ħʵѾԶԶԽ塣䣬屬ȫȫ赲ħֲĻ湥ɻһอ𶯣ݺݵɳȥ
ү
ˣ

һĻ³˼˳պɽҵǧдƵĽȫɫ
壡
Ҳɫһ³ķݶȥȻâһһֻɽȭͷųҵĻ棬ͬһȭ˳ȥ
¡¡
رһܣħĹâ͸һɰɫ¶ȴﵽ˼£仯˵ĻħĽ¡
쿴
һͻȻе˵ע⡣
ħĽԭǼӲʯ棬ڣڿֲĸ£Щʯȫڻ췢ճޱȣֻϢ֮䣬Ծ޴ħΪģΧʮڣӲʯȫת˹ҽһĲٿ£罭һ㣬Ѹٵ뵽ħ֮С
ħѸתתڣȵҽΪһ塣
һĻ˵ǴƣΧĴʳﶼеľѡħȻǹ̫׷ųģǾʳԼҲǵһοͷ˿ֲ
ˣͳͳԸͳһ֮ʱ
̫йâ֮ǳҪҫۣХķȫҲ֮졣飬̫̤գһһǰȥ
£Ѿʵĵһ㡣
̫Ŀɱգⳡսһֱֻں棬ָӣϹۡڣѾûбҪˡħʵѾȫȵʵҲħġ
սѾ˵ֵסˣ
ⳡս˽ʱˣ
̫йâһ䣬һ̣ؼ̫׻Ϣǣͬʱһɰľϱֱء
̫׵Ŀӹգ˲Զ³ˡ
ǣûκ˿Եֵħ
̫ĿһΣҪսǰߡ
𣡡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ڹ̫׼սԸ˵ʱͻһͻȻͷϷ䣬һ̧̫ͷͿվԳɽͰӴ֪ʱ߸Ծ𣬴Զڿնͬһʯ𣬳ƻľ޴ֱۣ֮Ź̫׺

Χһ󾪺սħľޱ˵ע⣬϶û뵽ͷվԳġ˱棬ҶԹ̫ͻȻѡ
ʥڣ
ΧһƬңĴʳ佫ȫӿվԳĿãǿͿֲķʹΪսϣͳμĴڣȻȲħҲڰ
ۿıӵһ벻鷢ˡ
䣡
Թ̫վĵطΪģһɿֲ˰㣬ϯƬأ̫׾ڰ֮Уһȭ˾һ¸ߴɽͣվԳǿֲĹȫ
һһСֻȭͷ֮صײһ𣬽վԳȭɽ壬֮ȹ̫׵һֻϰСȻСڣȴվԳƥеӴ
ôܣ
Զħһȭ˵ˤڵϣһƳ䣬ԶҲ¶һ˿𶯡
һֱĶãԶĽվԳû˱ͷ޵жôӴ
̫ܹһ⣬ǹ̫޴£ܵ½վԳƴһ˿ͺһֱ𾪡
֪̫׺ǿҲû뵽Ȼǿֵز
ʣ̫ײﵽ΢ʵ֮ǿڽվԳ֮ϡ
䣡
·Ӧ̫һһӴκ͵رֻһͽӴٱĽվԳɳȥ
¡վԳݺݵˤڵϣһҺ޴ײվԳµĵѿҳһ޴ĿӶ̫ȴһƵᣬûһ¡


1888 ħ֮
𺳣
ޱȵ𺳣
˹̫ЩãսĲ˹ֶ۾¶𺳵ɫ
ʳ֪̫ʵǿǵжǿ˭Ҳ֪˹ֶû뵽̫׵ʵѾǿ˹ﵽ˿ͽһͷ۷Ľվ޵ĵز
ֻƾһ֣̫׾Ϳ½һǿ֮С
𣡡
սΪ֮𺳵ʱֻԶħ⣬һʱ˵עٴ
ħѾȫҽǴﵽ˽ӽ֮ޣڿֲĸ˿£ʯڻر̵ҽʡڵҽ֮Уһͷͷҽ˰εض
֮ǰĻ˲ͬЩҽ˸ӵǿҲӵĳƻ
էһΣԾ˵ٶȣսܼĵطӶȥжޱȣϵ¶Ҳٴﵽǧ֮ߡ
һͷͷͷħΧʵҽ֮У̶ʱǧƵħ˰εض𣬲ѸٳŴƵӪ˶ȥ
һɲǼ䣬һ˷׷ױɫһӴħһʵǿز¶Ĺ̫ףټǧƵҽˣƵĴѾ᧿ΣټЩҽˣƸӿ̲ݻ
䣡
Զ̫һۣһΣûˤɳȥĽվԳ磬Ѹٳڵս
սսԶպɽɫ͸һ˿Ľǡ
Ź̫׵ĳ֣һѹ֮ƷΣѡ
Ҫħȫ̫ףпħĶ
ʯ䣬һ쳹أĿ׷׻㼯˹̫׵ϡԭɱڣϢĹ̫ףȴǶһ±ɫ
쵰
̫׺ݺݵһķ¶ǵɱ⡣
ѾȫסսȴôҲû뵽Ȼעصħġ
ͷԶʱħһ˫нȻɱУͬ˵Լؼڹºնǿڹžеĵõħġ
ⳡսѾأû뵽Ǳ巢ˡ
ͷ
ʯ䣬̫Ժһͷױض֮ǰͽվԳֵʱ򣬱з˶ߡ
ԭˣɵ
³ĿȷӦһΣŹ̫׵ķ˶ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬˼˳Լ˵ĸ֥ȫŹ̫׵ķȥ
䣡
һҵ԰ټƵ˴գһͬ˳һֵģȴ³˻Ҫöࡣ
һ֮࣬⣬Ҳֻôﵽ΢
ǴԸԸ
ÿڵԼࡣ
ϣ
ͬһʱ䣬ۣԪһйâһͬħŹ̫׵ķȥ
ҳ壡
ͬһʱ䣬ҵ߾ȸ־޽ĿǰͬƺƵǰȥ
սľ˲ת䣡
̫ϾȻпħľߣǸط֣˶Ҫƽ֣Ϊʤһ˿΢ϣڹ̫ϵĿħı
ħɱģ³ֹôãȫûдﵽκЧҲ˵һ㡣
̫ȻͬǿվԳǶ֣վһˣ˾㣬Ϳսʤ
¡¡
սɱ׶ԭȡʩĴƾӾȻһ̬Ź̫׵ķɱȥ˳벻£ĴʳӶʱһƬݵĻҡ
ɵǣ
ʥڴˣҪǴȥ
Ҽ䣬ĴʳӸشƵľӣ϶뵽С
Щӣ
Ҳ־ŭʱҲһ仰ƿʼıԣȻҪۼΧɱʥڡ
սۼ˰˫˵ľսսϣʮȥԿһǼΪЦͻģһ̣϶Ц
ʳպķӣ˿Ҳòϣһǳɹôʥеħģ˵ıǸıսʤܸ֡
϶û뵽ͭ޶еħȻǿ
ͷԶʱħľ߱˾żĻ´ʳӵĴʮȸɣɱͬʱԴԴϵĴмȡĹҲͬͬһ㣬ֻ̼ܱħɱɾ
ϣ
ʯ䣬Ĵɱһ𣬵ս˻ײ˫ʿĲҽһƬսԽڼһ
ʳ˿赲סҵĴȴ赲סá³˼˳۷ĵ۹󽫡
ֻХõԾ˵ٶȷգŹ̫׵ķȥĹ·Ĵʳбˣȴõ˷׷
ֻԶ̫Ҳɫ΢䣬ĿޱȣΪʳ۹˾Ĵڣ̫׸κζ֣±ϵܣ̫Ҳ벻⡣
ҲãҾɱǣ
̫׽һ̤õ˵ķ˶ȥХ˫ľԽԽ
Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽һ͹̫׽ֵȴõˡ
𣡡
ڹ̫󣬴غ𵴣漴һӴϢڿն𣬳Ź̫׵ķݺݵ˹ȥ

ΧһľȴƵĽվԳٴδӵϷ𣬻ȭͷ̩ɽѹ֮ƣӹ̫ݺݵ˹ȥ

̫׸ܵϢҲŭѡ
ԶڽվԳ֮ϣ˽վԳҲвƫƫͷǿ󣬼֡
´ƵľͳҲûиɾ˺ҲǽվԳܹڵԭ
̫֮ûʽ˳ƸɵΪͷվԳǿܣﵽһ˵ĵز
ףҪɱȴһʱ԰쵽ģԲӶܹ
ֻû뵽ȻƽվԳȥƺͷס
ħɱ
ۿŽվԳ̫纮˪ֱָħԸ塣ָӽվԳԸһ̫ͬҲԿħԸ壬ֻҪһȻҲ޷ƽվԳ
䣡
ֻգ۵ʱ䣬վԳ˫ȭصĴ£͹̫׼սһ𡣶Զɫһâã糱һǧɳĻҵײ˹ȥ󣬰˼˳֥³ָͬ뵽Χ֮С
̫Χ֮еʱԶһͣʵǵħͬ巢˹
ͣ
ɽͰħұһӣȵĻֱӷֻϸױ޻ڿһȻݺݵ˦˹ȥħȭЮҽ棬˹ȥ


1889 Σգ·ˣ
޴ȭͷױ޻ûгħȵĸ£͹ĻѾɵľ룬˹ȥ
ˣ
һΣûкħսֱӴӿµһ˸뵽˵Ĵʳ֮С
ɱ
ӰһʳʿĿһо٣һһ㣬˻ţɱ
Ȼâһһֺէּţһ̣ǧƵĴʳһɿֲ˴棬գһ·߷ݰ㣬ܿƵķ塣
ǵ廹ûпһɹɰǵһϪһ㣬ţ˷뵽ڡ
컯
Դӿս廹ǵһаһ湦ɴʳԼЩʳ佫Ĺ
ħսѾ൱Ĺò취书
ս԰ƵĴʳʿõĿꡣ
컯Ƿ켫ﵽ۷弶ֲеȱ֮󣬼ЩʳڲӵҲԽȫתϴɹᴿԼ
Ҫǣ컯ȫǿġսսľѧȿ̶ȵǿԼҲ̶ȵĴʳˡ

Բǧɣڴ컯ĿƷΧ֮ڣеĴʳΪߵֻͣҪûдﵽʥ侳ȫȡ
һʳĲҽţѪıǿԼȫë֮бŷӴ£ͿµĴʳսŸոѾ
ΧֵͬĴʳﲻ֪
¡¡
ֹˣڴ컯ֲ£һʳطһǰͺ̣Ž׸ߵľ޴ħ˹ȥ
ЩʳĿ־壬ȴȫƲסûпͱħȵĸ壬ΪһžҵĻȼϵ׸ѸٵĻΪˮ
һǧǧǧ̶ʱڣĿ£߰ǧĴʳﱻ⹦ħڣΪҽ
һžȼյĻ棬ȥޱȡ
ס
һʳܶŭХһֳһ漶Ĵʳ䵶˵һΪһɫĺ⣬ͬŭһ㣬Ӻ󷽳ȥͼӻٶȣӺħɹ֡
Ȼâһ˲ʧ֮С
նݣ
ʳܶûӦ۽һӰ廯ΪһӰƹɽĵͬʯһ㣬һĻݺݵײĻС

ʳܶҽһѪ罦λйբ֮ˮ㣬ͨӴĵطѸٺڡ
ֻգ֮䣬ʳܶƵƤһ㣬ȫѸٸɱ壬ȻӰ׹ȥϢȫޡ
Ȼ֪ȻѾ׶༪ˣ

һĻеĴʳ־ŭ£Ȼһк޵ҧгݣ˿ֲһʱ֮ﻹ˸óȻȥ
Զ̫׳ŽվԳá³˿ĹҲܵ˾޴ѹˣҲһֱڹעķ
ʣ
ħʳ̫׵ɫҲޱȡ
ַʽò˶ãеĴʳӿ¾ͻᱻ׷׻ǿħʹƵİ֡
Ϊû취𣡡
̫ɫ͵һȭ˰˼˳ͬʱѸٸı˲ԡ
ҿǻֵܼ˶áħɱЩˣ
սϻˣҵҪ㵽жͣ
ڹ̫ħͬʱ³ɫ䣬͵һȭƥ级һ㣬Ź̫׺ȥ
ͬһʱһֳֺȻʥһһɻֺĺȻӽǧɣѵأ³Ź̫׼ն¡
㾡ȫĹ̫һҲоѹ첻
ʥڴˣ
˷ɱĴʳ佫ܶܶɱ
ȻûǿһվԳͻȻͣһ£ޱۺݺݵ£Щ֧ԮĴʳ佫Լܶܶȫɿȥ
һУվԳٴμսš
ˣ
ԶļսŹ̫׵սѸٷ仯
Զԭһֱ׷ħһͣ漴ͻȻŤͷı䷽תһʹʳ˼ɱĴƾӡ
ã
һĻ˲ɫ
֮ԳʳӪΪħҪƾӣֻ̫ħת򣬾һȫ׷ѡ
¡¡
أƺҪضջصħҫۻ˲գıֱ档õ̫׵ħŲһʮɣ󲽳պɽǧҵ֮˵ķȥ
ǳҵĺ⣬յһƬͨ죬һɲǣжоһɽͰĿֲѹŨҵϢ
𣡡
ܣ޴ħһҽɴɵҽԱ֮ǰٶȲϳ֣ڴʣŴӪķӿȥ
ҽ飬ͬʱҽһͷһͷϵİεض𣬴ҽðŴƵķȥ
ջһħŭţһֻ˶ȭͷųǧĴƾӺȥһѵأɽҪһУ˲ǧĴƾӡ
䣡
ʯ䣬룬һΣѸٳħǰ赲һ
컯
ʮ죡
ɱ¾
̶ʱڣ־׵ľѧԾ˵ٶȫʩչħ
ħʵֲ̫ҪĴѡ
¡
ֻһգۣƺƵɽһ־˵ƣħҽˣҵײһ
һɲǣҡضձѣһһħֵĵطΪģһֺɫľ޴ƾճ֣Ȼҵıը
飡
һֻƬ̣㣬ըˣݺ׷ɳȥ
Ѿͻ΢һѧ£Ƕĸ֡ǺͷһԶĿֲħȣԶǶ֡
ˣ
һɲǼ䣬ϣ˶ɫ
Զ֮Уɳɣһɲǣһɰŵըҽһ̤ڶסΡ
һɲǣ̻ǣ˺ۣϢҲڼ粨
УζҪ취ֹ
̧ͷǰħȭͷ
ܱħˣȴû˿ȴʵϣҲѾ·ˡ
飡
һ̤ԾٴħȻոһˣһǿҵʹ·˺Ѱ㣬ȫҲһѪ
һɲǣжʱȥ


1890 ޳
ոһȻħĹҲͬˣڸλ
已Կһͷ𣬶һڲͣмȡɳıŰħҲʵЩǿ
𣡡
ɲǼ䣬һǰħϣû˿ԥһȭķݺݺ
ۿǹɳҵҽϱƽյˮҲѾŵ˷˿սζʱ䣬һǿѹС
Ŵ컯İڵҲڶʱȬʱҲһƬҡ
ǣѾûѡˡ
ֻҪÿϵĴƾӾͻᱻħĳȻȼմ
ƴˣ
һʱŨŨս⡣
ƴˣҲҪһ
¡¡Զҽڣǵأٶ
һۿһսʱͻ𡪡
䣡
û˿ףһ͵ľޱȣͻȻ廳бѸײڶ֮ƣѸٻԶħ
໣
ոջΣһħһһػ㷢һ춯صĺСϢɢңԭһȭҲѸɢңΪĻǽ俪
ô£
һɲǣʱסˡ
˵壬һ̸֪ħϵԶĹ̫ҲȻһȻķ˹
ô£ħʲô
̫ɫ𶯣ɲ
ոںüսûעԶʲôעʱħѾˡ
䣡
ڹ̫׷ʱ򣬺һһֺĺȻգŹ̫ն
̫ɫ΢䣬ʯ䣬Ժ֮Ҵһ
Ȼ̫׵ʵڳκһˣáۣнվԳӵв̫׵ʵ
䣬̫һȭۣû׷ɱΪʱ˼Ѿȫۡõˡ
ħǹ̫Ҫĳ룬һ˿һκα仯սǳҪڹ̫˵ĵľħϷʲôȻôķӦ
ңֻˣ⡣Ϊħǲ𣬲ܵʲôĹָܿ
ǾڸոһɲħȻܵһ˿ĥ˺ҹ̫׾Ȼ͸ƺģϸܵһ˿˵ʹ࣬п־壡
ħǻһԶʲôܹ˺ʹ־壿
ֱ˼飡
һ̣̫ˡ
һ࣬ͬ˷о˾޴𶯡
͹̫ײͬǵˮǿľԼֵħһͱʲô
ޣ
ʯ䣬Ժһͷͷһؿڵˣɲ
ǵԼѾӡޣΪʲôƷˣ
ˣԸ
ʱһϤ͸һɹɺͽ࣬ͻȻԺʶԶߴɽ͵ħ͸һǿҵս⡣
ָоͺħΪ޵һ㣡
Ȼ
ʯ䣬ͷԺзӶܿ
ʲôʱƷӡģΪʲôңСΪʲôΪˡ
ع񣬳żľ衣
޵Ŀֲᣬ¶֮У֪߱ɱҲС
ˣˣҵˣǸ˵ػڵصף˰֮ҵȴ˾ͻ֣Ǹ˽ҵˣҽΪսǵԼ
ϤԺ𣬵˵ģȴޱȵݡ
˰ꡭԼˡսʲô˼
Ķ԰ףȫԤ֮С
Ǹ˭˭Լ
𶯣ȴû˿¶
Ǹк֣ܶҺһ𳤴ˣһֱСݣһ֣ǽԯֻ߻ƵۣҲҵˣ
޳
¡
һɲǣɲ
޵ǻƵԯ
ôܣ
Ϣκˣ֮ǰѹû뵽ģ޵ļҲûжصļ䡣а˰ꡭƵԯڵʱԶʱڡӦԶֹ˰ɣ
ҵҲΪǰ˰꣬ڲ֪˵Ĳǰ˰꣬Ҫȴ˰˰֮Ż֡ĻɾҲ˵һֱΪƭң˵һ٣Ҳ֪˵ǶԵģĵȵˣ
ϣо˺СƵϢ
޵Ժޱȡնɱˡ
ɾһԣʧȥʱ򣬾ܹҵҵȴǧˣûƭң
ѾȫסˣĶ԰ףϢȫԤ֮С
Լ޵ˣ
һֱڵص׵Լ
ǧǰѾԤԼĳ֣Ǹԯ
ԺյϢܵĳ̫࣬һʱ֮ˡҪǣΪʲôԼΪִĵ㿴Լˣ
ܴӴɾﲦǱҼе֮ȻҵˣһԲдУǰѽдɽԯ֮Сݵıǧ֮⣬û˿ԲǱҼɾҲУֻǴΪǱˣ
ƺ֪еɻ˵һԵϢ
ԯ֮֮߳ΪԯʥǴɽ
ɽҲɽֻǱߣػߣ
һɲǣյ̫ǰ֪Ϣˡ
ʱףڴɾĶһλƺҲкܶĶûиԼ
٣ţ˵ⷬɾȫ֪ġ
ֻ֪Լ˵𣿡
ɾδ֪·ʲôܿûʱȥˡ
𣡡
һ̺ŸӵͻȻӶħϴͬһʱ䣬һ˻ƶаʶͻȻӹ
㡭ЩȻû
ħأ˫ɫа͸գݺݶԶ壬׼ȷ˵Ӧ廳öɫޣ
䣡
˷һ󾪺оǹǿʶˣ˻Ǵʳˣо˼𺳡
ħȻʶȻԿ˵
ֱš
֮ǰʱһȫ
ֻԶĹ̫ˮû˿⡣
ħȻʶģһʱ䣬ǿһû˼İ׳գôܻţ
ңڹķնǿڹžµʱ򣬹̫׾Ѿס
ħڣΪûֵڵĶ
಻±΢˵һħУصϣȻҲͲмڿڡ
̫֪ǣǸħڣΪƽȴڵĶʲô
Ϊʲôɱǣ㵽ʲô
̫һ˸ܿվԳƴһͬʱ͸еħģ͸ȥһ


1891 һ
һྲĵģħǱ߸ûᡣ
̫ɫһ䣬ԥħĵǿڡ
ʣǸĻѾʣǺͬʱУ
֮ڴħɬģٴе
ʲô
֪ˡ𰸡ǿ̫Ҳɻ磬ʶķ
ݣб΢СҰ֮أȻкħͬʱҿԿôܣ
̫׵ɫһ䣬жʱҲȷԽǿҵɱ
ϾԲΣ嶼ϵĶҲ
𣡡
ȻХûȵ̫׸ϹȥħֶԸ壬һ̣Գ˻𣬴ɽ͵ĽվԳ߸Ծ𣬴ֻ޴ֱԺȻͬݣݺ˹̫ס
ٱˣ³ˣ²¡Σ취ס̫ףԲ
ʶ磬һգۻιգá³۵ԺȻǰߣƵĽվԳһֱڹעŹ̫ס
һһ˼ͼı塣
һħѾԶԴɻԵһ̫ף˭˿ɵ
Σħϡ
ޣʲô취ԶԸͷħ
ֳһʶѸٹ֮ͨеޡ
ѾȥϵˣҲȥֱ棬ΪʲôƵԯʱޣʳ˵еħϹϵ֮취ͷħ
ֻҪħһ̣ƾӣ¤գԼƵ۹һ޴Σв
ħ롣
ħǴعеǵɴĻԪعɣôɱǡħȻųƲ𣬵ȴηЩޣħһҲصͬ׻𡣴һ˵ϵͬԴֻǱʲͬѡ
ħȴһܴ
ԶʱʱЩħ̤磬ޣشǵıԴɱ˼ͷħұǻˡ
ħӵǿľֿ֮ǰѾһ㣬־޸áȱݣҲЩħͼ޵ԭΪ˴ﵽĿģԼϣǹĶǿǣǸеħľǵЩˣΪ˻ȡǰµģ
һľʿȡļ䣬һжǣˣǻǳɹˡ
һѾһͷޣСݱӻңһ
ڵһ̫Сˣûгɳȫ״̬ҡ㵱ʱһڸ޷⣬ĻһַַٳɳֻҲӵк濹
޿ڵ˵һ䣬޵࣬͸ļɵƺڵʲô
üͷһ壬ѯ˵ķʲôһ̣Ժлϻȡļ䣬ʱʲô
벶Щ࣬ȡǵľӶ׳Լ
忪ڵ
ǣ
޳ţڵ˵ͷ޲࣬ɱͬʱȡ༫־壬ͬʱΪаΪ
¹֮սôĹͣƵ۴ȣұȺɵƵ۲òΪȫھ򶴿ߣصס
ΣΪǴɡ
Ŀǰԣ޷жԼһεǷΪ
ȻԤϣ޵䣬ȫûĵֹ˼ɡ
ԭˣȥɣֻҪˣɱ٣ֻҪܹԸͷħʳʹʲôֶΣҶ⡣
ԥ
ĵ飬˵ȫ⡣ս֮ϣ򣬲οʳǴƵУԽֻ࣬ԴԽ
ޱǣĻʱ
ˣҵˣֻҪƬ̵ʱ䣬ҾܰԸħ
δ䣬䣬Ϊһ壬ںī֮зݶһ˸Ѹû뵽·Ĵʳ֮Уϸȥͻ֣ᷢУ۵ľģһģһ
Ӳˣ
Ԥϣ޵ĶħɫһȻתȫ壬ҲһȭŰе޺ȥ
Ȼ޵Ķ֮죬ֻһ˸Ȼ٣ܹħɱһ
¡¡ҽ׹䣬ƬĴʳ⧲µҽһŵڵأһ
һ̣սҲӭ˾޴ı仯
䣬ֻâһ޻Ϊһģƣսϼ紩һ̣ۣͻûκεףսһʳ״ħͻȻŭţһԵһʳɱȥ
쵰ڸ
ܹĴʳﾪŭӣûзӦͱ䵶Ĩӣʬ׷룬׹¡
Ȼ޵Զֹˡ
ɱ
Ϊ˴ʳ
ʳԭͬЭֶԸƣʱһҧгݣɫǺ죬ͻȻ֮ı䷽򣬳ŶԷʹɱȥֻۣһдѪ̶ʱڣǧƵĴʳɱ׷׹䣬˵ѪС
ԭֻһСķΧڣǶ̶ʱ䣬ͼ˫ĿѪ죬ɱĴʳʼֻǧˣһգۣͬһɢˣ纣һ㼱ɢʮˣʮˣԶİϺͰ˹ֶ৵һ±ɫ
ڸʲô
ֿϽҰǷֿ
ŭѣ鷢̫ˣǿ簢ҲûףΪʲôͻȻʼɱ
СģйŹ֣
ֻа˹ͻȻоʲôټٺ󳷣ͼܿƬҵ
󷽣պɽҵӵͬǰһĻĴƾ˵ϲ콵
󳵷䣡
Ȼ֪պɽȻѲ˹ϵ
ֻɽİӣɱ
ͬһʱ䣬һ춯صź˵ĿУ󷽣İܼ֣־ٳһִݿƳǰȫƽ
䣡
ۿһʳһżİӸ޾ɫһߵİˢˢǰһնϣս˻̶ʱڣ߰ǧĴʳİӵķâǰ˵Ѫİն¡
İӵĽ룬ǰߣ򣬴ƵѸٱת
ͬһʱ䣬һҵһ£һУս֮У֮Ĵʳ׷׵£ûһ֮С
޷ʳ˷׷ҵĻᣬ˷׷׳ûսֻǴʱ˿̣սѾں󷽣ȫеϡ
ŷŷţ
йŹ֣ɵ
£ǸҵıԴȥһЩ־ǿĴʳ佫Ҳ޾Եʱ׽ĲӰѸٰγ׷ɱȥ


1892 
ȻǼ깥ֻĹƣûʵ˵޷κε˺ǡǡ෴ʮƵĴʳӷ׷Һͷ񣬲һɱ޼ȡľҲԽԽࡣ
֮Уޱشնȥһľ÷ǳֻһգۣ޾ͻָҾǿȴﵽԭһԾ˵ٶȼӣı屶ܵϵı仯嶼ľ
˵ԭֻƾصľһħĻôڣľõ䣬ѾʼѸٳħĶ޳ɳ
ܹٿؾʶ˵սѵϣ¶֮Уգǧʱ䣬Ҳѵһ˽Ǹ£ٶҲᳬ١
ֻУܹάѾ൱ˣǵְ򼶱ĴսУ޶ʱͻɽˮʼʮʮһʮ
޵ĳɳٶȾħеˣ޵Ű̶ʱڣʮĴʳﻥɱƬƬĵսϡ
ħһޱĿֲӵ¹֮սҲͲôȺҪޣˡ
ڵ޲ĿҲħηǸ

ĲҽУۿųǧĴʳĵ£һ㷴ضûУԶ̫־ɫѿѡ
ħڸʲôϽ
һɲǣ̫ܵһ˿šֻһգۣʳʮľӣȥ´ʳٶľӣҲȫ¾

һ࣬ħҲͬŭޱȡ
Ļӿκҽһֻֻ޴ȭһȭһȭĺ˹ȥȻȫɵ˹ȥû˵˲ٵĴʳħԽıŭ
սΨһܹ˺Ĵڣû˱ħ־˺һıսޣħҲû̫õİ취
ȱǸɵǸ࣡һпԿǸĶ
Զ̫ܻͬʱͣһƺշ·ֽƬ㱻пķұХų˦˹
ȻƺԤϵһĻһΣмٵ˻ܹһ
̫׵ķӦлҪ죬пħĶƶϳҲп޵ĶѸ׷ɱ޵ħıĿ꣬׷ɱ塣
ֻϧħһߵһɣǱܹˡ
ˣһ֮
ܵΣգ޵ͻȻԺ
ӵаĴ㹻ʱ䣬ܹɳɱħĵزֻϧħıĿ꣬Ѿˣ֮ýħ
Զ֮УһԻ󣬺ܿо˵𶯣Ѹʲô
䣡
û˿ԥѸٹעȫľ뵽˻е֮Уһ̣õľ֧֣˵ľ϶ΪһѸٷ˷
¡¡
·һӹգû˷Ӧ֮һɿֲľ񲨶ǵأﶼΪ֮ɫȻһ֮ƣصײħϡ
໣
ԭΣأһħһشĻɢϢӴģź߰˲
ͨ˶ܹоĵһħ˼شʹࡣ
֮ǰ塢ҵ³˼˳֥ۡôĸΧôãûħˣħԽԽǿȻ޽ֻһͷħܵˣֱ𺳣

ħһĺУȻ޻ˣħҲûԴС
˫ȭһӣ޾ĸҽܵǣ׷״Ụ̃أ۵ħ˫֮УһַΧķʽǵأ޵ķӿ
廹ޣ̫ˣ幥ױҲħıԵԭ
ͣ
âһǽɫ̫֮ҪĿĳױٴƿգԾ˵ٶȾֻһΣʮ߰˸һ·㴥㣬Х
ֹˣħͷƣһɹҽڣҽ֮Уһµģױ˦ţһΣȿֺļ뵽˹֮С
ױ޹Χ㣬ҿڿأı䷽򣬼ֱʤ
࣬
ħ˻ơޱȣ쳹أҲˣ޵Ĺؼࡣ
Ȼħױ޾廹ɣ䣬һˮľƴޱȣһ㣬صײħԺ֮С
ҫ۵Ļ⣬ԿħԺ֮УһؽɫĴƣ͸һǿҵľ񲨶Ǵɾħ֮ɵıݰļͱϡ
ڹȥħػ֣ɱྫʿǿߣһʿУǿʢΪ֮
Ȼǰؾָûκ壬޵ľͺ񲻴һ
䣡
һײħҺһһпյױѸɢȻΪҽӿˮ䣬ûγκ˺
һｵһħȻųΪĴڣ޵ľȴǵĿǡ޵ľǿǵȴħһ
ħһԶʱ֮ǰǿľʿϣƾһ㣬ĵĻһ壬ʹԶʱޣֻʣ»Ƶԯӻһͷ
¡
ħҺÿһεͼͼʱ򣬾ͻܵ޵ĿֲȻֹҲһҪۣȴȫ޵ĳܷΧ֮ڡ
䣡
һΣΣΡεľʱѾʵĹ岻ϵ޵йע򲻶ϵ۾ɼ׶ħһɲǼ䣬޵Ĺ£ħʹ˻ţһһϵȥͺǰһεǽڲϵıȥ
£ħ޷壬˵ǹ廳ˡ
쵰
̫ɫѿѣľһֱڹעĳԲڴеĻ档
ͳͳҹ
̫ŭХһһȦɫĹ⻷ڱŷ⻷ȻȴӲķ·ɵһ㣬̺һĪΰ
䣡
Թ̫׺ŭһΧ˶ʱ׷ױɡ
𣡡
Х˱ɵͬʱĶãŽվԳȥ̩ɽѹ֮ƴӹ̫ݺݵ£ֱͬһ㣬ͬķʽݺ¡
ˣ
ʯ䣬̫һ˿ŭ


1893 䣡
ӹȥڣεĻ˵İΧͻΧҿһѹԵƸƣһһɱÿһζƵĽվԳһҰ񱩣ȴ൱ЧķʽϺҺ˵Ĺ޷ӣʹù̫һһε뵽Χ

һɲǣûע⵽ִ̫ĴָһźɫνָͻȻһ⣬ָڲ࣬һϸСͻȻ쳤뵽̫׵ָ֮УһƾѪѸɽ˺ɫνָ
䣡
Ǵʳ۹ʱһöϵ䣬ǹӵв˼ֻʱǨڵĴʳ۹Ѳŷ񣬶ȫ֪ȫܵڴʳ۹ҲѳΪˡ
̫Ϊʳ۹Ĵڣͬʱһϵ񴫽ߣ򲻵ѣȻʹáα񡱵Ķ
е̫һĨʺ죬ӰһĨɫ£漴Ϣ䡣
¡
˵ĿУ̫ͻȻתһ죬͵һƶס˽վԳ̩ɽѹѵصһ
ֻ̫һ⣬꣬һ죬վԳ͵زҺһӴֱ۾Ȼֱ̫۶ϣһֹķʽŤ

һĻ˷׷ױɫ
ҵҪǻܸҾ쵽ʲôʱ򣡡
̫ɫ䣬һףһɰŨīȻڱ¡һվԳڣԶԶɳȥڵϡ
һΣվԳ˫û֮ǰȻ˲ᡣ
䣡
һһɲǣһɫĳգ֮գݺݵն˹̫סȻ̫кһ׵ֻһ˦һɺƺ纣˰ӿ˲סۺȻʥĹ
飬һ˦ɿ⣬ΧԶ̹ƺһ飬Уͱݺݵɳȥ
֮ƣ
ڹ̫׹۵ʱһһֻ޴ȭͷӰأɽ壬ȻŹ̫ȥһȭƴֱû̺һɴζ
Ȼֻ̧̫ͷɫһ䣬ܣͬһȭ˹ȥһֻ޴İȭӡ̺ͬ΢ú˹ȥ
粻ϧұȻ˵㣡
˵仰¡Уͷȭͷصײһ𡣹̫˵ûȻ̤ͬ΢Ǻ͹̫ȣǲ˲١
̫òʮ꣬ʵһٶ꣬ķ˪Ѫ̤꣬΢ʱ䶼֮ϣһ㣬λᡱս޷ġ
ã
Ҳɫһ䣬ˣ͹̫׽ֵɲǣԵĸоѾǿĹ̫ףһ̾Ȼٳ߸ͷһһأ֮֮ǰԽĻǿܣһ͸һǿķ֮ʹ͸ԡ
ǹɶصֱ͸õõıһѸٻ塣
ۣ
ɫһף۵һ͵һѪͬ߷ݱݺݵɳȥ
ٱˣ
һĻ³˼˳֥˷׷ײ˰Σ
׻Х
˼һ
ս콵
˷׷ʩչǿľѧһɹɰأ罭Ӻ˰ӿͬһʱ䣬һΣֱΪһɵİɫ󻢣һͨľ޽һͷĿİ˱ͻս񣬴ӶϡԼ棬Ź̫Χɱȥ
һɲǣ۵糸ٶޱȡ
Ϊ󶼻֮ǰսĥȵĬһ֣
Ȼ˻ǵ͹˹̫ö
¡¡һɰڵˣԹ̫Ϊģͬˮ˰ŷ
ֻһͷգ³İ׻˸֥ľ޽Ҳ˼˳İ˱սɷ顣
Ȼ˶۷ĵ۹󽫣£Ҳд֮μ֮ʼṳ̂΢͹ֳ̫һӵĴڣŲСĲࡣ

ֻһ˾ͱ̫׺ɳȥ
С󣡡
̫ɫ䣬ɫһָһţҪɱ³˼˳֥ˡ
ȻĿƲԶֻħڽڰˣ֣û䣬վԳŭХ̫üͷ΢壬һһΣڸı⣬˵İΧȦƿնԶħķӶȥ
ȸɵǸСӣɱǣ
̫纮˪仰Ծ˵ٶȳħսȥ
ɱ³ȵ۹󽫹ȻҪǶڹ̫˵֮ǵ취ɵ壬һħսжͻ־޴ıǹ̫ζ޷ġ
Сģ
Ǳ߹̫׸ոһӦʱٴУ
ǸˣĲǿͭϢǳƣ
ʮ˵ľֲ֪ԶԶڵ塣
ʲô
Ҳһ̫ôֶͭʲô
𣿡
Ժӹһͷʱʲô
Զʱʳ۹ηǹŴǿĶ
ʣ̫ʹһı
ʱȣޣ취ֹ̫ףҪ⣬ץʱ価ɵħ
һ̣ɫأҲо˼ѹΣա
֮ǰı̫׳Ѿã΢ĻԼҪʵ±ԼҪǿö࣡潻棬ûаտԻħذɣ
ûа취ͷħʱԶ֮ϣȻȡ˴ľʱæûôȹ̣򵥣ҪɱħԶûס
޺þԺѸٽ̫׵ıƽ޶о˼ѹ
Ҫɱֻһ취
ʲô취
һæʵ
ҲֻǱŽѯһû뵽޾Ȼа취
еԯ֮СԭʹùģмΪǿֻҪǵעʥ֮Уܹħĥ˺ֻ
ֻʲô
üͷһ壬æʵ
ַֻҪ˵ͷ֮Ѫһǵʶɼ˺
ֹԯʥʹ÷Ȼ֪ǿʹõغʹ޲ò˼ء
Ȼǿ󣬵Ǻʹ˵еĳȻвٵĲࡣ
ԭˣ
ԭΪʲôⷬʱ
һսϵƺʹʳգ֮£ֻҪܹʤЩ۶˵΢
Ҫ˼ЩͰ˵
̫׹ˣֹ
ͻȻڵ
䣡
û˿ԥ޺Ĭڹ̫׷Ӷ໹аɵʱرɫһɿֲľʵʣ֮ƣΪһ׶ݺݵײڹ̫׵ԺС


1894 ˻ԯ
䣡
Ȼ֮ܵĹ̫һɼתΪȻڰͣ
ԭģҲֳɫ԰Բ̫ܣ־ֲԶ¹̫ҲòԴ
ħ̫ͬ׽ֻɫһףϢܴܵ˺Զûħء
ħϾûʵǿĵطͬҲĵط
̫ײͬȹ̣Ϊϵ־ᶨںΪһĽǶԴľ񹥻ǿĵá
ˣ
ѣһڹ̫ϷӵЧ޵߳ɶ
һ޶Թ̫˼ļɵ
һȴûй˼ô࣬޹ס̫׵ɲǣһ̽͵սеĴɽ˵ԯʥ
ѸٸԼָ˵ķһͷ֮ѪѸûɽ֮С
ʮָģַǻȡͷ֮Ѫ죬Ҳ׵ķʽ
һ֮Ѹټԯʥ̺ǹصͨ
ˣ
ʯ䣬ֻԯʥһ˿ѪɫĹâܿ콣ڲһǿ
ľͬһֵʶ꣬ǹɿֲɽȥ˽֮С
¡¡
һ̣˵ĿУеԯʥȻ𶯣һһ϶ΪһϢǣˣӰƹֻ֮䣬ȻֳɫӰ
ǺɫӰаɣ߹ڲȻֻбһӰӣȴԿͷһᣬѹ£û͸һη˵Ϣ
һ̣ﶼ·ˡĽ£
ɽ߸Ӧ˵ԯʥֱһ̣͸һ˿˵ʥѹ
ֳʥ͸оԼʶƺԽǧʱ䣬;Զʱ֮ǰλĳ桱ϢΪһ塣
˻ԯ
֮ʼҲ֮棡
ԯʥмĺɫӰǡǡ޵һˣƵԯͶӰ
ˣ
ܵǵϢ棬ħ˲ͱɫ
ʲô
ħһе˻ƣһɲǣ屳ӰиоһǿҵΣв¡¡룬ûȵ幥¡¡ѿȵҽ͸ص罦ͬһ泤һ㣬ɣֱյ塣
ͬһʱ䣬ħſ޿ڣһһɶʮȵ¶ȻЮҽֱͬһڵ㣬ֱ
һԶûнΪ˷ֹܣͣױ˦һϸ˿ĳױѼٶȣпˣлһ޴ĻΣԾ˵ٶȼĳ
һ̣ħϵƶ˲ˣȻǱ޵һʥоһǰδеΣ
̫ףɱ
ħ˻Ƶؼ졣
ˣ
ָһɫޱȣͷ֮ѪһʶΪۣڼԯʥסʥɲǣоһӴģǰδе
ԽʱպͿռ䣬޵ؼǧ겻ϳ
˵֮Ҳǻʵ֮
䣡
ħеɲǣ崣գľʶ֮޵һӿ뵽ԯʥ֮У¡һ˲ؼ·һ漴ʱն·ֹˡ
˵Ŀ⣬ȻһͬʱһĽӰأȻбֻһͨأȻԾ˵ٶȵݴǰ߰˰⣬޴ħ塣

࣬ûԪӰɵľ޴Ӱݴħͷħȴ·ܵؼֲĹһĲҽС
ֻһħܵһǲĥػ
䣡
еҽױޡȫɢħϵĳ»涼ըսǰˣǹض·Ҫٻĳ£ͻȻ֮һ롣
ؼʱࡣ
һɲǣ֪ħ⵽ش

̫۾ҧԶķ򣬶ķһŭŭħģħκ˶Ҫ˽⡣
屩Ӱ޽ħһᴩɲǣоħԺԲεľ֣ͻȻױѷ飬ħıԴҲشɢֱӵһΣִ۷״̬صĵ䡣
ԶħǲĴ˵Ǵʳ񻰴˵еĹûκ˿
͵ڿ磡
ΪʲôΪʲôڶֶ
ΪʲôпԿħĶ
ڴʳ۹ĵУķնǿڹžص׵ĹУûйļأ
һɲǣ̫׸оǰδеĳ𺳣޿Ƶķŭɱ
û˿Դħ
磬֮⣬ԲӵпԿħԸħĴڡһħľѾ´ˣ
ƶ볹׵Ļ
û˿赲һͳ½ΰҵ
ϣ
̫ɫͻȻһУϣԶ·˹еͻȻض𣬻Ϊһɫ⣬˲û߿գȻΪһɱ£û̫С
ˣΪΪۣһսʳʤҽΪΪеĴۣ
̫׵ѸٱģȴӴ쳹ս
ħԲ䣡Ӳ
ҪⱻԷƣھֻʣһ
ħҿǺ϶һһںϣһ磡
ǺĮ䣬졣
δ䣬һɵİ׹⣬ӹ̫ڱ̫е䣬ͬɫɫ͹̫İ׹⣬еħĻӦ
ãˣֹ
޵ȻԺ𡣶һɲǣǿҲоһɼΣա̫סħġԶħЩ๲ʱ򣬾޶֪ζʲô
Ǻʣڴƣʲô£
Բ
䣡
𶯣ɽХһ㣬սǾ޴ĺɫӰͬ˺ͬĶ˲Ϣ䣬һɾ޴ĽӰƿնٴħնȥ
ԯʥնϱԴħع֮еӵмĿáֻҪȥ֮ܣضԳ׵նɱħ
ķӦѾܿˡֻϧһ
𣡡
ֻһһΣûеȵ̫׳սҵħȻı䷽壬ХųŹ̫׵ķ˹ȥ
ħǸ߰ģ
ΪԶʱĹŴħǿѾԽ˷ףежϣԲǣȴƫƫڡ
ǲᣬǲм
һ̣ͷϵҲоһĲͿ¡
ǰоһɾΥģǿҵĿ־壡


1895 ںϣħ
һֱնûĸ߰ģħҲ
̫ףںϣ޺࣬ҴӦ㣬㵴ƽ
ħֵ̿쳹߿ա
ħģȻԶʱЩǿľʿµԼںϵķҲԲ룬ġħĸ߰Զ
ǾԲԸΪϵϵġ
Ѿɲˣ
־壡
˫ɫӳԶǸ࣬δȻẦһࡣ
Ǹֲֻ࣬࣬ҪܸɵٵеʥκδۣνϣѾȫˡ
¡
âһ屩ʥնһɲǣɽͰħΪһȻ˹̫ף̫Ҳâ㣬ħģ䡭һûħ֮С

һɲǣʱ䶼·ֹսϿգ̫׺ħͬʱףһʹģ˵˻ֻһգۣ̫׵ϢʧˣħϢҲ˱ʵı仯
¡¡
ƴ˺ȻĿ⣬֮УӰãȻֳһ޴ĺɫںɫϷһֺɫ£ڸ߿֮Уҫء
º֮䡪
ˣ
һ˫ģڰģľ޴ͻȻͬĳԶģյ󣬸ء
а񣡡
˫޴Ʒ滹ûô£ǰϡ·˹ȹ̫׵Ĳ·׷ױɫʳ۹ΨһԶھԶʱ֮ǰͱΪа
Щڵ֮Уϸļء
˭Ҳû뵽̫׽ȻٻĲʶ
ʥڵ£
սдڹ̫׵Ĵʳ佫׷㷲Ҳ˵ʲô
һ࣬˫պɫµע£ϵħХһȫ仯ֻһգۣ·õĳǿĹעħ·㣬Ծ˵ٶȲϲ
ԭѾӴѸٳ˶ףҲĳؼƿﵽһߵľ硣

âһħĻٴαɫȴƵɫͻ˹죬ҵĺɫɫ֮͸һ죬˵ĸоӵΣա
ħһ˫ɫаͫں͹̫ں֮Ҳ̬һ˫۾
̫׵۾
Уڿ˫۾ɲǣҵһ¡
ûмĹޣǾ޾ŵоޣ֮ǰħ޷֮ȡ͸˫۾ܵǰδеģѹΣգ
һͷʷǰĿֲ
䣡
Ҳʱеԯʥľ޴Ӱ֮ǰһ֮ٴλˡħȻһεĽȴ֮ǰȫͬ¡ɢġģȫԽ΢ĿֲȻġħֻǻһ£ĻҲһ£Ȼͬܵ𺳺ȴԶû֮ǰһͿɲĥЧ
һĻɫ
ʳ۹漶ڵĹ̫׺ԶʱħںΪ壬һͷȫµ͵ˣ߱ħ߱ʵĲʣڸ»ľԿƣ־߱˹̫׵ĳǿʵ;ֲħ޺ԯʥľ㣡
ͬʱԶ
һ̵ħﵽǰδе۷״̬
ûˣڿʼĹͶҲκεãˣҵĻ֮УΪҽ
һ̣̫׺ħ˻Ƶͬʱؼ͸һɼȲ̺Σյζ
ܵĺɫ漱Ծţսһĺɫ
ϡ·˹˹֣˵ĵ۹󽫽ңǴ˵ľȫ𣡡
̫׺Įս
ⷭƷ˶ɫһ࣬ϡ˹ֵȴǾ񣬴ʳսʿ֮ս֮Ҳܹ̫֮ǲǽԶֻҪܹͳһ磬ʹʲôֶξ͸޹ؽҪ
ɱ
˻һ߾еķ֮УѸٷ˳ɱԶ˹ͬɫ˷ޱȡ
˸ɱ
˹ֻɱڣ͵һȻϣһȣǧϷĴʳ˾ӣһƺƵĸڹ̳УŶ˳ȥ
죬ϴԼʱ򣡡
˹һƬѪ⣬Ϊһ죬ʵڵȴ̫õʱˡ
Ϊ˹֮սĳӣڿڽ쳹׵ϴ̣
ɱ
Ϊ˵۹

һ˻춯أ̫׵ͷµľ޴ħеĴʳʿ񣬳ǧãã纣ĴʳӳŴƵľӳȥ
Сģ
ȫ䱸
ǰһĻһ࣬жǳģ̫׺ħɺ壬һָǿĴڣټãã纣ԶƵĴʳҸҲѾȫ忪û˸ߵķѾֵ
壬Ѿȫ׼׵
ɫʱͼϤʶͻȻ͸գңԶı
ʲô
УԾ
׼µĽ
ã
ԶԶģͼ˵Ժ𣬺ܿʧ١
ʱ˿̣ҰӹգǵʶջأԿһСӰããĪӴɳĮС
ͼüͷ壬浣ǣ֪ԶʲôǴǹ˺ʹʳ쳹صĺɱУԿԿڵĴ䲻
ѾˣϣĶðɣ
ͼһ˿ǵɫܿתһ߰ǧ˵ս֮ǰͻġ
ʼжɣ
ǣ
һȺʿ˵Ѹתֳʮɣɳ򣬺ܿʧ١
˵ͼ˲õѾ߳ɣͼ˵Ľʿɳ۶ҲѸʣµɡ
䣡
ĪɳĮ룬ͼǸصĲɰ֮УһɣҲ½˷츲صı仯

ʯ䣬һ޴׵һ㻮գص˲һΪ漴¡¡޾Ʒţ˷ӿͺܵĳεǣһ㡣
Ƶͳ˸п˶оһӴѹ
ô£
һʱ˶ע⵽ͻ󣬾̫׻ľ޴ħɫһͣ˽Ų
׼ǿϵ󣬲ɱܵĸоһ˿ס
ΪⳡʷǰĶսܲ¼ƻҲֵþȡù̫׸о׵ǣЩѹѹ̫̫
串ǵķΧ̫㣬ﵽ˷ԲǧķΧֱ仯ǲģ˵裬


1896 
Ȼһ࣬ȴûκεĳɺԥһжԤ֮УŹ̫׷ɲǣѸٹͨԺе֮ʯˡġ塱ơеġơ
ˣ
һ̣Ұ֮йâһ޾Ĺ߱һĳֹɲϵĽ֯عֻգ۵ʱ䣬һ΢ۿɼٶѸٳԺ֮С
ߵ˹ظԭͻʴԭĪӴɳĮĸ֮ǣԼȮɱĴʳʹƾӣӿ糱ĺƣȫһֱ۵ķʽϸţԺ֮С
͸Ƭ΢أֱܹͨ۹۲⵽ؼͼ˾еĹɡ
һֹϵ󷨣ҪĴӪһƬѣڵֻһӣ飬¾ͼ˶֪
Ѿ죬Կʼˣ
ʱȣһ̣Ժɺ֮ԥٴζ֮ʯơ㿪е
ȷҪһ𣿡
֮ʯ˿Ժ
ȷ
ԥ
ҪĿΪʮõȼﵽһ㣬ڿʼ⣬ϣ
ҪĿﵽ󼶱Ҫʮ㡣ͬʱҪ󼫸ߣǵķΧ̫㣬ĵֱӣҪʮ㣡⣬ʱ䳬һ֮Ҫ㣬һֱĴֹͣ
Ƿȷʮ㣿
ؼХ֮ʯٴԺһԿ޴ħϣһ˫ڹ̫׵۾ѾعһӴѹӭϮ
һɲѹŨ˼㡣
ȷ
ԥ
ʮ㣬ڵ˵ܶ࣬ȫڳܷΧ֮ڣǶһĶʮֻܳʮӣҺʱ᲻ϵش㣬ԲһСĿ
ֻǴʱ˿Ѿ˲ôˣϵȫĹ⣬ֻҪܹܹ̫׺ʹʳӣôһжֵõġ
¡
䣬һ䣬ؼͻȻ˰ٱֹؼһһ಻ǿֲ侳Ľ춼о㷲
Ȼֻһգ۵ʱ䣬һӴĸѹͻȻս棬ĪӴɳĮԱ͡
ͼ˲µľѾڱ£һ޴ʮ㣬֮ʯ֮һǵ˲䱩ʮΧ˴ĪӴɳĮѸһʷǰľ޴籩

һɿ񱩵ӱӿأʯҳȫ˲ڱգȥһƬ涫
ڿ֮УһЩϸĶĴһʳϣײһϸΰ
һʳ佫ʶץһѣͷһֻ飬ץһֵϸɳӡ
ǡĪӴɳĮĻɳ
ʳ佫һƬ㵣Ƭս뱱ĴɳĮһβСľ룬ӦòôĻɳɰǰһֺǿĲС
¡¡
־͵ĺܿ컯Ϊʵһʳʿɲʱս棬뼫Զĵطһ̶Хͬޣ˶С
漴𶯣һɿֲĻɫ쫷磬ȻεضȻڰ㣬ǵأŵٶȳսӿ
ãɳ
ĴʳУһʳܶ𣬿зһ˻Ѿòˣ˵Ұ֮УƽߴĿɳЮŻԵϯ
ʳ۹ҲɳĮڴʳ۹ɳʵɳĮӦ˶һ̣ټʶĴʳ˿ǽغХɳҲɸоһĿֲͲ
ʳ۹Ҳɳûдﵽֲֿļ֮ȣֲɳҲԵ΢

Сģ
ѰҵطΣ

һʳ佫ߺȻ˶͹ɳֻʱ䣬žžԼĺɳһɿֲ쫷ϯ£Ѹأ˰㣬û˰ƵĴʳӡ
ϣ
ս˻֮ڶžžĻɳ㣬˴ڴϣֻһգۣеĴʳ֮С
ȥǰһƬߵͬ鶼壬˵֮ϵˡ
һɲǣϡ˹֡·˹еĴʳ׷ױɫĽͼ£ӣһ죬ŻɳĿͣ󷢳һģҲܿڷдɢˡ
ֲĻǲϵĿ磬һĲҽУս棬һʳĺţ˴ͬƮƮҶݺݵա
ͼϵڿǰеĵֿ΢
飡һʳ˴Ӹ߿ڵҳһģѪ⣬Ϣ
ô£
ֲɳϯĴ˲ɢʱ˿𾪵Īڹ̫ˡ
Ҹֻһ֮䣬ͱɢıԵǹ̫ѹû뵽ġ
ֹˣĿɱϯ̫׻ĺɫħյӰ죬ҵĻ˲١
ȻܵӰ컹Զûô󣬵Ƕڹ̫˵ʲôͷ
ɵģ
̫׶Ȼعͷǰ壬ȻؼɳǿķҪӵ˦գǹ̫׵ľεϣܹ׸֪λá
֪ܲΪʲôͻȻô񱩵ɳһжɺ֮ġԿ϶һоԺѲ˹ϵ
ɱ㣬ؼɳǷͣ
̫ɱӯӯû˿ףֱһţĺɫҽԾ˵ٶȳ屬ȥ
䣡
Ļ֮Уһ֧ʮ׳ɺɵĳǹգԾ˵ٶȳȥ
̫ײŸиֵ̧Ķ޴ĺɫǹѾգ䵽ǰ
ǹ̫׺ħϵĽħֻƾж̫ױ仯޷ܹħÿһӵ£øӿֲԶԸ
ֻ̫׻ǵ͹Ӧԣ
ݣ
ڷ֮ʯ֮ƺϵ˹̫дһâһԺ֮˹̫ǳ䲻һ
ٱˡ³ҵȫһԸ̫ף
˼սپ궫ĵˣһϣ
һڰеɣ͹̫׻ĺħ˾롣
ͬһʱ䣬촽һţȻͷһХ
Хͬһ㣬գû뵽ƲɳҲ޷ѹ¡


1897 ƣ꣡
ڵ𣿣
ԶԶХڸƵ˹ظԭһεĵط󽫾ͺķŸ֮ǵķһ˿Ĺâ
ʱȥͻῴͺķǧɺа˵İͺķӺɺɺر
ʹʳһɺͬս֮Դ巵شƵ۶ɺƣͺķͲϵĴӺɺļɺˣһѵ
ʱ׼ϰͺķ飬Լպɽİͺķѵ֧Ѿɹۡ
Ѿźţ׼֮ɱսھɺʳһѩǰܣԱ֮޵ʱ򣡡
ͺķعͷĿݣ͸һɱ⡣
¡¡
һ̣ڰͺķָ£ʮɺһΪһĸ˹ظԭ뵽ɳ֮Сһһ޻صƣŴʳ˺ɱȥ
еһУͬһ㣬ɳͿֲ쫷磬ͺķԼ󷽵ɺû˿ԥȥ
һɳأκε佫Ϊ֮ɳԴʳˣȴ԰ͺķԼеɺͬЧ
ֻ˳ɳķ棬ͺķܵĳҪȴʳСöࡣ
ͳһؼףʹɺԶȴʳ׼öࡣ֮ǰҪÿһɺս඼׹޴ĸʹܵӰ죬һ
Ȼ籩֮˱籩ʧ٣Ƕڰͺķеɺ˵һǵԤ֮Уж֮ǰÿһ˾ս׼
ɺ˺ʹʳǲ
һɺʳǣɺɱ⣬Ҷ⣬ڶ屻ؾʦû˴Ƶıӻʳٴιɺɺ˵˴ʳ֮£Ůף֪ͯʳɱ˶١
Ҫһֱвɺ˻ĸࡣ
ĳޣֻҪܹʳˣǸʹĴۣɺ˸⣬Ϊ˸ٴۡ
¡¡ֻգۼ䣬ʮɺɳڻϷĴʳɱȥ
壡꣡ܲĴɽ챩ꣿҪԸ
ҲᱱߵĶ弱ٺ󳷣ʩչնݣٴ̫׵һǱ֮ʱһϤ
˳ȥһ۾ͿԶļ棬ܼԼŰ磬һӣƺ뵽ʲô
ɫһ漴ʲôȻ֪ļƻܲЧҲûԹôɽ챩꣬ʱ򣬲κμƻֻҪܹܹ̫ף嶼ԥж
ʲôʹ𣿣
һӶдһ̣ĻХ̫׻ĺħֳһҽ۵ĺɫʳ䵶˵ɲǣȻһ
һ䵶ûն䣬оֳһ޴ͬľ޴պۣ·Ǳҽͻ۵䵶ĸ֮һ㡣
Ȼڹ̫׳ֵһɲǣһ޴ȭӡɽ壬ȻӺ󷽺һȭصĺںħĺ󱳡޴ħ𵴣ĲǱɫʳ䵶һ˿
ã
ʱܹԺħ˴󲨶ģȻҲֻдһĲս̫ٱá꣬ҲûôֶΣõʵҲǿ󣬱֮Ҳ̫ࡣ
໣
֮󣬽վԳҲŭХţƶʮɳӸ߿ͬں󷽣֥˼˳Ҳ
ֹˣâһлͥԪһ桢ͬ˹ȥ
Զһ˻ͬ޴󽫾˼ͬҲͻʴԭϽǶʮʳӳ䣬׻Ȼһԣֱ̤գƻɳķ
һӰһһۣĿݣԼһЩһ˹
֮ǰսЩһֱڶԸʳֻܶܶʱѾ˲ôˣħȫ
ˣ
˷ΧɽһƵ۹Ķ֣¹̫һ̣ҲòתࡣͬɱҲŨ࣡
¡¡
˳ԮɲǣһѸ˳ΧȦͬʱͷһ٣ɫԯʥ߸߾бָ졣
¡һɳľͬһ㣬Ѹٴصɳû߿еֻһԯʥûĵطΪģѸ˷ȥ
ҽֻһˣ
գа
ԯʥġ׳硱ʱȷʵ󣬵ں绽꣬廹ûԹϣȻԯʥٻƣôױȫԡ
Ͼ˲֪Ϊһļߣֻ֪ҪҵһƬԵƣһƬԵƣܹһױꡣ
ڵԣһɹױضʷǰġ
Ҫǣӵԯʥͬӵص֮ʯԹ۲͸仯
ҵˣ
ֻƬ̵ʱ͸֮ʯƬ΢ġءѸҵһһһһʽȻ෴ơ
ƬƵ򼫹㣬ھӰ£ʼΪˡ
¡
ԯʥƬཻĵطȻһӣڣ˼鷢һ޴ģʮɿͬһ޴Ľһ㣬Ӹ߿ӹһΪͬҲ˵ϣʳĴ
ӺһէּţؼȻһƬȵĺڰȻڰУ߿裬漴žһελƶΣŴţ֮
տʼͬһ㣬ѸһббֱߣȻѸٱܼȵһ֮ؼıѾããһƬ˲ͻΪһƬƬӡڵⱼʡ

ܼ˶ʱޱȣֻ˵һ˵һԣû뵽Ȼˡ֮ȻԺ绽ֱ꣬Ѿǽӽˡ
ɹˣĳɹˣ
˷ޱȣɺ꣬Ҳһ޼ƿʩǣǽ˹ظԭͻʵ۹Լϲ¤ˮˡ
ֻҪ㹻ˮױ꣬޾ĹӦˮټ֮ˮϵϽһֱӳԽЩ΢ǿߣﵽһ˵ĵز۷۹󽫼Ϊ΢
壬µľͽ
ֻһţ¡֮䣬ǧɵķΧڣ޾ıʱΪżķӿգ֮ͻΪһصľ޴ˮȻͼѸΪһ塣


1898 Ԯ
䣡
գϢֻһıΪˮ˲ԶɲǼ䣬죬ڣһͷͷôɱĻˣʧ
¡һȦǵˮ£ԲǧڣеҽҲ̡ᡢֻսϣеĻˣ̫Χ۳ĺҲȫϤϨ
һлԶûнãٶսеĻ֮ڵһ¡𶯣ı֮ű꣬£ɫħΧҽȫ̶ᡣ
ħߵ¶ܹΧӲʯȫڻҽͨҽڣħԽһԼ
ٿؼеı꣬ΪˮҽǴӸϳȡħû˴ҽеĻˣħԴƾɵвҲΡ
̫ˣ
һĻ嶼ܲѣһˮϵ񹦣ⳡԸħսУÿ±˶Ҫöࡣ
һȺϣΪ𣿡
̫бŭޱȡ
ٻıвı£ħȴѹԵá
˲ϱٻħȫɥʧ
û޾Ļ˴ħֻһŵľ޶ѣսҲȵԲǹ̫Ҫģ
ɱǣǻʲô취
δ䣬䣬һȺȵĺɫӺħ緢Ծ˵ٶȳΧĴϯȥ
ֻһʵ͵ĸ֥˼˳лͤȱɳȥáۡԪһһݣȫһ֮󣬼ٺ󳷡
ħħǿֻ̬ԶԶԽˣ϶ʮȵĸ£Ҳ˼в
ֲֿĸ£Ѿﵽ΢̫ٱöܲס˵ˡ
Ψһǿܺ͹̫һϸµģҲֻʣ塣
¡
޵ԯʥҲһ޴ĺɫӰŹ̫ն˹ȥ
̫һΣܵĻɢҲ١
ںħ״̬ħĵֿ߲٣ѾԻ󲿷˺ľЧ
ҪǣܺħʵжǿܵĻжߣҲܹ̫ʩչʲôʽֻҪͱضնħһ̫ײʲô޷⡣
ϣ˹֣·˹Լܶܶ˸ȫң
̫׵쳹أδ䣬ȫȫۼұ֮УȻȻһ˹ȥ
Թ̫׺˵棬ҲòѸȥ
һĻɳ֮Уһ쳹أϡ˹֡·˹е̫ܶܶ׵ٻȫźħķ
˫ȭѵ֣Ȼһ֮ѹסˣԴ಻Ĺ̫Ҳоһ˿δ
ֻٻϵ˲ѸٽⳡսҪǣͼѾܴܵвȽˮϵǿߡ
ϣ
ڰϣ˹ֵ˷۵糸ȫ֧Ԯ̫׵ʱͻȻһԽս˻ʯһ㣬գӹɳ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬غ˵ĸ֪УһֻڴʳľӣʮˣƺƵһУӺȻɱ˴ʳľС
¡¡
ɲǼ䣬֪ٴʳﵹ֧ͻȻֵ¡

һɲǼ䣬ϡ˹һ׷׻ͷɫ㵲ѡ
֮ƺƣȫ֧Ԯ̫׵ʱ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼһ֧Ӻɱ˴ͻȻϮ
ҪǣԷѵأװڿֲɳҲĶУʳѱɳɢ͸޷ֵ
ɺˣɺˣ
ܣ

Уһ󾪿ֵĽܿͱɳûǰ߷ߣϡ˹֣ħĹ̫ȴ׷ױɫ
ͺķ
İ
ⳡսʼ˾Ѿ֣ƵӪ֮УûаͺķİֻǸʱ˫ĴѾǰϲòټϴʳռ˾ԵƣҲûȥ֧ʧľӡ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽֧һֱһֱʱͻȻ֣Ӻɱ˴ʳһ
ɱ
ͬʱƷĴҲ˱ĶһʿŰͺķİŴʳҵĽ
䣡
һŭХƿնű漱ȥ
ֻһĲҽ׹ĮĮĿɳдʯ䣬֪ٴʳﵹѪС
պɽͳ󳵷ǵһ𹥻ġĮĮĿɳʲôպɽѴȥǰľԵԵģʳҪԵȴûôס
պɽٿ󳵴ʱλø֮ǱĳǽܷɳɳԼӰ콵͡
һ࣬ҵûôĹ˼ɣֱﶥɳһ·η壬ֱɱ˴ʳ˵ľ֮С
䣬һļұըϴɳдƽʱϸѵԼ˴֮Ĭڴʱչ¶ǿɳɱҲĶУʼûɢ֮£ҸɳϮĴʳһƬң޷֮⡣
¡¡սڣ̶ʱڣʳ˾ͳ˾޴ǧǧһһߣһšǧĴʳݰ㲻ϵ£ȫһ֮С

ͬһʱ䣬ǧϯԪҲ׽սµѦǧӰˣֳֽꪣɷȫǰη峯űɱȥ
ɱԶһϵģҪȻʳ۹Ҳƾݺ£ͳһܱʼµġΰҵ
һ㲻ǾԵģս֮Թھ£Ϊ˿ɵһȺңͷӬ硣
ɱ
Ƶľųһһǰǽƽͣɱȥ
ʱ򣬲еڿʼ֣ɳУһΪսĿĴʳһ֣·һʮʳһ𣬵ûͣûиٱĳԴƲеĵֻͱն¡
ɱ
һɱ˷սеĴʳ˵˷ȫǴƵľӣǻֵ̿ǣһ֧ɱǵӪ֮УЩͻ˸޷жϳǵľλá
û֪˶ˣҲû֪ʲôʱɱԼû֪ԼǷЩˡ
սϵĴʳ˵Ǵûһ㾪ſ־塣


1899 ĳԮ
֪ӵаһ̣Σÿһ˶оԼڶԿ֧ƾӡ
һսӿʼѾʱʳȻʧ߰ʮĴȻӵһʮĴԶԶơ
֮£ԭʮĴʮ߰ʣµֻʮһ򣬼˹ظԭϵɺӣҲʮ˫ĲȻܴ
һ̣ʳ˵ٶȴԶԶ֮ǰκʱ
ʮ
ʮ
ʮ
ʮ

ԴƷĬѵصĹʳɽҪǣ֪֮УһЩʳ˳ɱķȥЩƾҵɱǵȴʳɱ
֪˵ٶȣϡ˹֣һʳܶܶɫѿޱȡ
쵰
һ޵ҧгݣĿǰ£һĻȴ졣
ɳӰ£ʳľѾһƬңôһϵⲾźͰ˹µľѱɢطҪ£Ҳް취
ɳķԽԽһս˻ϴӷдЩʳҪġ顱ŲѾȫʧȥƣ£սһڽһ
˳
ʯ䣬һŨҵĺɳؼ𡣿ң̫ڳˡ
ˣ
̫׵ԭҵĴȶ˲١
ɱ
һЩܲˣʼϷɱȥԽԽࡣ
˹Ȼζţ󻼣
һƬȻ
ɳУս涫۹ָ̫ĸ˵ûκ壬Ψÿ˶жϳġ
٣ֻаͺķʮɺɳ治һᱻɳڶ۱ǡ
Ψ˳ſ磬ĴƾӣǴʱѵӦԷʽ
ֻϧǱˮнı䲻˴֣
尵ܿñ䡣
·ֱ治巽޷ЧУ޷ӳӦеԼݷĴƲУҲֻѻʯˡ
ܹ̫ʲôѾ޷ıⳡս֣֮Ǹɵ̫ף׽սв
˹ֺĴʳܶãȫԸ̫ף
ͻȻһȣûȵ̫׳֣һȷ𹥻
ˣ
նʩչ£лûĲӰһ˸ѸƵ˺ħı档
ޣ취Щʳܶɱ
Ŀ絶
ڵص׵Ĵ޶ʱѾͨţӰǣڵ˼ʮľ̥ǣ֮ڵص׵ʱ򣬻ҪǿƵֻ֮ӵĿֲ
ǣˣ
Ժԥ䣬һ̣һɰľƿնѸЩֻܶܶһ˲䣬޾ͻǵ뵽ǵԺ֮С
ɱˣ
ʥڣ
СЩ͵Ϯ
Ҫɱ㣡

û˿ףϣ˹ֵ󣬴ͻȻһƬңһܶܶĿͻȻ֮Եͬ飬зĽ
һʳܶİγڵĴʳ䵶Ӻ͵һ˰˹֡
쵰ʲô
ʯ䣬˹о׶͵һסһֻǿǶʡܶ˹־ŭ
ϣ
ͬһʱ䣬˹۽ǵȻʳܶһһңͬʱŰɱȥ
СģǱӦǸͳ˧Ĺ
ŭееķ֮бһĿĹâֱӽʳܶʯǴս䡣

ʱ˿̣ŭĪڹ̫׻ĺħˡ
ɫһ䣬ѸٷֻĴ֣ܵã³֥ˣͬʱ͵һȭЮŨŨĻỤ̃塣
¡
һȭƴ̺ɽѵһȭݣΧĻɳ˰ɿ⡣
ȻһΣǰһѸܿ
̫ףеʱս
ĿݣһһɲǼ䣬һȦѪɫڱ
컯
ɲǼ䣬˻ΪһѪɫ̫һɿֲѸٽΧʳܶ
䣡
Ӵɲǣ͵ס˵壬ɲǼ䣬˻һãͬһʱ䣬ڵ糤һƺƵ׷ӿڡ
ЩʳܶҲߣҪô׵ĿǣɵڵĹûôףֻ޵ǿҸ£ЩѾǿңȫ˵ֱȫǴ׵ĸ
ٱˣһ֮
еʳܶۿɼٶȸɱȥһɣ˵ʬȥͬʱ͵һƺ˲̫ٱãеûڡ
ˣ
øܾϾԼҲӦ˲٣˵ʽȻͬһ̣оǹʣɫһտڲ
͹ĹǴ컯ҲʵǹʾȻڵһģһ֪ΪԼ
ͨɹתƺƵӿȣʳܶڵܿͱת޵ڡ
ⳡսȻһֱû˵ǶԸħǶԸ̫ףڵʵѾĵ൱أֻλϴս˵ѡ
ʱõĹ䣬ȫƣʱһɨգڵҲˮǴߣѸپͻָ۷״̬ǰȻҪǿ˲١
ãס̫ףȥˡ
óͼ
ΪﵽֵزֻҪһٶͼߴɹʹ컯֮⣬û˿˴书
սڣã֥ˣ˵Ĺļ࣬ûİ˿ºܿͼֲסˡ
ţ
ֻͨǵ˵ͷһ̣նʩչޣٴ̫׵һһ֮УͬʱһУһʳܶܵ컯ǣлһ޴ĻߣѸٳ˹ȥ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬бɲﺮһ˹ؼף˵һеĳ͵رһʮɳĵһ㣬ͼն֮ʳ֮ܶȥ


1900 
˹֣Ѱ·ڵҵĶ֣㣬;뵽ⳡս
嵤һһɰΪһֻɫɽСȭӰ͵һ˰˹ֵĵͬʱݺݵĽɳȥ
˹ɫ࣬Ƿŭȴ仰û˵
ⷬǶ裬˵ʿյĿڵѾ˹֮սʱ򲻿ͬնײ¶Ķ֣˵ǰ˹֡
˹˿ֻһЦҲûȥ׷ɱҪԸ˹еǻᣬһʱ֮ǸɵЩʵĴʳܶͬʱΪ³֥͹
ˣ
һɲǼһþĴʳܶһУ嵥һģһӿ³ڡ
λ۹ͻѾҪֲסǵõһ֮ʱ˾
ã壬ڣǾ䲻ˣ
³Цһ˾ٱ
̫ףʲôںϣֻսһ;
δ䣬³һһɾƺƵֱ³ѸԾգ͵һȭޱߵ糤Ӱ㣬Ź̫׻ĺħݺݵĺ˹ȥ
¡
һը춯أã³˵ķ񹥻£¹̫Ҳɫһ޷׷ɱ塣
һ̫ҲԽıŭ
ĶɱǣٸɵСҲһ
̫׻̹һХУһɹɿֲĸºͬХգͬʱŴ˺ȥ
һĻһݣȥ
нˣҽҲжԸ̫׵Ĺʶ
ֲֿĸº棬ʼԽһǵ
̫׺õ˼սʱһ࣬ҲһС
ˣ
ûκεףǰһƬͻȻ𶯣漴һһһĵն£ѿһ߰ʮɵѺۡ⻬羵巴Ӧܿ죬ǰֹסΣѾǵĵնС
˹֣ʲôһָɵ
УĿ黯ʵѸٻΪһƬƬСһʯз׷׹ֳķ֮Уգɫŭѡ
δ䣬еķ֮бһɵǵأ쫷ٴγݺݵն˹ȥ
ߣΪһҾκβ𣿡
һΣȴûкˣɫһ䣬סԯʥʥ֮УҲһն
䣡
Ľ͵ҵײһʸֻͬƬ̣漴ֻһɽݣϵķ֮бĵѸٱһһĽŰֱնȥ

ɫһ֮ǰʱ·𱻴ƵƤһ㣬Ѹٵʧ٣У룬һȥԺ֮֮յıܿһʱ˾һ亹
üսһ˫£ԭΪҲס壬ΪʥᣬϵĽĻҪֲ
ϧˣӹһ٣
Ѹٺİϣ̾Ϣһ΢΢Щϧ
ոհϷӦҪϰģͱնɱһΪˡ
òͬȻͱСλһĴսҪۺ񣬶õĴûʺƴÿһжƺƵ䣬岻ͬʮ湦Ͼţֹұ仯ˣƾһǰҫܡ
ǰ̫ˣҪǰţѾסˣ
޵ͻȻԺս˹̫֮⣬ֻ޷źӰ죬һǰ˹֣һǰϡ
˹ֺųѪܶ־ǿ˹֮սʹΪʳЦȴҲʹ־Խļ̣ǿڸǵʱ⵽˼ǿҵĵֿ
ڰϣʹΪǰѵˡ
ҲǣȶԸ̫ҪҪμսþǣ߿ܶǣʵڶԸǣ֣
Ŀһֻ֮䣬˵Ĳԡ
˹ֺͰֻǡССϺؼĻǹ̫ףûĲ룬õѾЩס
䣡
һΣȻһ򰬲˹ֺͰϣȴ٣һңһ˶ſһ˵ɱĴʳܶ
Ѹסĺ󾱣컯һɹʱӿڡ
һ׼編ƣ˲书ʱһƻɳ
壬ѹңһ֮
Ԫһԣ
ɫһ׹Ԫһزﳤܹϵƣͨʿơ֣ܷӳ
䣬ЩͷԺзӶʱ䣬ƺƵͬһ屾ĹѸûԪһڡ
ȣ
õӴԪһϢǣһ˵ľâбֻգ֮䣬Ԫһ𶯣˫һ֣һֻ߰˹ûڣԾ˵ٶϵơ
ڳ£˻ƣˣȫָһ
䣡
ԪһŽһ̤𶯣˹һȦɫ̺һȦȦΰ㣬𿪻ɳ䵽棬Ѹ˷ɢûЩƲڡ
Щ֮ǰսԭ˲ᣬ˶ˣǵõɴɫϵۿɼٶѸٻָֻգۼ䣬ָһƴǡ
̫ˣɱ
һƵսʿѸͶս֮Уٴγǰ˺ɱҵĵطɱȥ
Ԫһϣֱˮ̶ʱڣٽĴսʿκϳصƣټսšǿ߲ͬͬĳͨʿϣЧҪõĶࡣ
ʿָ̻嶼ܲѣҲоԪһǵľ
񣡡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬Ԫһȫָ˵ʱͻȻ֮䣬һݹǵƻɳؼ
û˷Ӧһ̿ռ𵴣һݣĻعͷһɲʱ䶼·ֹ
ȥͿһž޴ģɺɫɵ̫ʵʣȻӺħͷڿն
һţڶţš̶ʱڣźոںħͷҫա
ȵеĻɳ赲⣬ԲǧڣûκηͻɳܹӲĿһƬԵĿհ׿ռ䡣


1901 ֮
ˣ
һһɼǿҵΣոУָо·ӿľһ㣬ֱϢ
ã
ɫ䣬Թ̫ױں⻹һθо˿ֲΣС
˿ˣ
һͬʱһΣʩչնݣգĳǰȥͼֹһУһжѾˡ̫־Уȴһֱûãһ˿ɾ裬ֱʱű
ȻƻһУ;ѵء

̫Ŀޱȣһ󱬺쳹أ˸о˵ɲǣž޴ģĺɫգ߸׼ȷ˵ǡ¡ҵıը
ź±ĺ漸յÿһ緶Χ
ۣ
˼˳֥˼һȱɳȥͬʱ桢桢ħҲѪͬݰɳȥ
á۵ȻʵǿѾ΢ѪȴҲͬˡ
ֻһɲǣ̫׽֮ͬʱۺħдս֣ˡ
˵ͳͳҪ˿⣡
̫쳹أԾת˲һĺǵأ¡¡糱ˮһ㣬׷ɱ
˴ʱ״ֵ̬ܵ

ۿһӺˣ䣬ʯ䣬˶̫̫ͬʱ»֮է𣬷ԲǧڣеһȫĿ֮С

˼˳֥ܵǣڰиı䷽򣬻һΣѸٷ壬桢桢ħˡ
䣬һɳȵĺڣƺƵӿ׷ɱֻ˫һ֣ǻı䷽򣬴ʮĵطӶʧԶ
컯ԭһǿжȺսԼսǳǿľѧ
һһս廹ǺħĶ֣㾡ȫֻǸıķ򣬻Ǵ´ġ
飡飡
ֻƬ֮âһԪһ˫һģϣƺƵĳ̺ŻϢѸӿڣ˵ơ
Щ̫ңһ̺һҵĳʻҪǿҵĳǵƣȴܸΣҪʱ䣡
Ԫһ˫ü壬ӹһ˿ĵǡ
ȳҪǿֻǴʳ۹Զ֮ˡ̫ۺ̫ԪһʱҲЩӦˡ
ҪǣԪһ˼ǿ취ƣֻҪʱ䣬ûеľʱ䡣ң̫ѾЮƶ
¡
һȭ棬ɽ֮ƣӸ߿кݺݵ̫һԶ̹ЧֱŲھҵĴУ̤
һΣܿǺܿ죬̫һȭͺ¡
ϣ
ۿŹ̫ȭ粽齣һ޴ĽӰѸ˹ն˹̫׵塣һ̫һͣһ£Ϊ˻һ˿Ϣ֮
ûã̫ǿˣ
Χôã޷Ч˺
Ȧ¶̫ߣֻԶ̹˿Կ

̤գɢ̫棬һǡ
Ԫһлͥ桢棬ħ桢á³ôĸֺаɣг͢ݵ
ս֮ǰûŻʲôֵܹô˵Ĺ
ʵǣ̫ײסˣȫѹסˡ
ߣûõģӵʹʲôսôҵܻܵҡڣҾǳģ
̫׵лصһֻ̣׸ߣɽͰĺħ͵һ۾ֱָͷ¡ըһ޴ͻȻΣ֮󣬺Ȼֳһ硣
֮һƬƣ̺Ųٰ֪
¡
âһһͨİ뵽ħڣԭϢħһɲϢǣֲĵһﵽһߵľ硣
ǹ̺أ֮֮ǰӵ׺£
һĻڣһķ׷׳ˮס
ħͨսڣͷħѾ߱˹̫׵֮󣬻Դ΢ĸߵȼռ䣬޵ʱȡȥ
һɲǣвɫ԰˲١
˭Ҳû뵽һսȻ˿µĵˣ
Ҳʱһ鷢ˡ
ݣ
ǱħֲƾʮԶַķһȻ˾С
սããĻɳͱûκξ޴ɧͱ仯п˫ĹʮʸڼҵսУʵѰ飬ֻڴʱܲ߿Ļ£ʮʸȴ仯
¡
׵㣬ʯ䣬ĵִܵյ£¡ʮֳϣ׵Ź̫׾еļʸֱ·޴ĺħϡ
ħûʵ壬κεĺ֮ǰʹñ׳ʱ򣬾ûжħκεʵӰ졣
һǣ֮⣬ûע⵽׵µʱ򣬺ħ޴ȻĽһ£Ȼʱֻ̣ܶһ벻ȴĲ׽ˡ
ţ
һ£ĲⲻͬѰ֮
ֹУһ˿һϸڶпӰս֣̫׵һСС仯УϢȴԶô򵥡ħǲ׵ģֽħϾʲô
⣡
һ⣬ˣû˿ԥ˲뵽֮Դ磬ǰеĻɳȥ뵽һ硣
ֻĿ̫վĵطһƬҵĺ棬Ũҵһжڸȥ£κεĶ
Ϊﵽ΢Ҳ֣΢ǿ߶Ĳٿؾϸ΢Ҫ֮ͨԴ۲쵽ǵûôס
ȻЩ⣬岢û٣һ̣йâ仯Ѹټʵ
ɲǼ䣬оһЩһĶ
ħԺźɫĶһ˿˿ӫ⣬ħϢȻͬ
֮
һͻȻһƬͨ
׵Ӧģǹ̫ףҲħǹ̫Լ䡣
̫׽ħ֮УǿĺħȫͭͳɣױУֻҪǽͺ׵磡
ħڵԼ䣬ܵ׵Żֽ
ˣ
һ㣬˾Ժжʱһ뷨
ٱۣǶһ֮
¡Ԫһлͤ³ˡס̫ף취ϳ
ͻȻڵ


1902 ǧ
䣡
δ䣬һΣڿն𣬳Ÿ߿ȥ
âһ̫׻ĺħŭХһ͵һȭ˹ȴԺܹ֮
ô£
Ҫôæ
ܿԺ𣬽úһΣΪ۵磬ͬ߿Ծȥ
ⷬͻǰ־£˭벻廹ʲô취ʱ˿̣˶ѡ壬Ҳûбĸõİ취
ܲôˣ֣취ס̫ף
³һȳŹ̫ȥ
һڵ糱Ѹٻȭϣһͷ۴׻۵糸ҵĺںħϣ˱ըǿֲĸº涸һ¡
ϣ
һ࣬ҲǿƣͬŹ̫׷˶ȥ
˻ıѣ
زﳤ
ħף
ħ죡

УаƺƵһ㣬˺ħ
ǵң
߿ϿֲƷ˶ȥͬʱͨ˵
Ҫ빵ͨ׵磬ƾһ˵ԶԶսҲֻͬΪ΢ú۲ܰ
֣ܽԯʥӵ
飡
âһһֻƣһ֧ϸ޳һһңͬʱ˫ϡ
ú۶˵Լ뵽ڡ
ֻܿˣ
صԺ
õ˵ϢǣϢΪһ壬һʸһ㣬ٳŸ߿ȥ
ڤ粻飡
ʱһͻȻ·գ֮һֻĺȭѸС˺
ң𣿣
΢ռ֮󣬵õһĸߵȼռ̫׻ĺħʵǣȫѹڳˣڵĹ̫׼޵е״̬
廹ۣڵĹ̫˵ȫĶ֡
ˣ̫ȴ˿Ĵ⣬ڹ̫˵֮ǾЩƶ⽫졣

Ϻ̫ǰ㣬е׷
ʱͻ𣬺𣬾У𶯣ɽХһ㣬ڻɳһѹѹɽ壬ȻصĻ˺ħͷ­
޴ħͷ­һ޴Ŀն
䣬̫ԭһȭ˺ȥͻȻһһɲǵͣ͡
һǵĻᣬƿգʧڸ߿

̫ҧгݣתͷ󡣾ھ߰ɿ⣬һɽͰӰĻɫԳëֱ۸߾٣ŵһͷʨξʬ忴Ŀ
սУΪεľƵĽվԳ
˲ͬվԳȻ۷弶ĵ۹󽫣ﵽ΢ĵزΪޣȴʹħΧʮȵĸ»棬ҲʹýվԳľȴ˱ᡣ
վԳһȴȫ֮ء
Ժܳһʱ䣬վԳûм뵽Χħս֮С
ߵվǱΪԸħ͹̫׵ķ
䣡
һֹ̫࣬ע⵽ԼվԳȴû˿ĳɣŰɭɭ˫һƣǾ޴ʨξһڵ㣬ХţӸ߿
֪
һΣ̫ȴûбվԳĹʼʩٴС
ָһţһɰĺƺƵȻͷʨξ޵ʬ壬ػɳȥǿҵĸʹʨξ޵ʬѸȼգŨֱʣʬսζսš
̫׵ֶһʮʮ׵ĺ泤ǹ飬ĳŽվԳ˹ȥ
ǹûǹŨҵĸ˾øڻʯԳܡ
𣡡
һΣվԳȴûӲӣ͵תͷһڿն𣬳ԶԾȥȫûк͹̫ͻ
¹̫ҧгݣͷĽվԳҲû˿İ취
һ࣬ŽվԳ̫עʱ򣬸߿һ˸塢áۣ˿磬һͷֲܼ׵ȥ
壬ˣ
һɲá۽ڵһڣȻҷֿȥѸʧ
ֿ׹ȥ
ڣֻܿˡ
ϣХϷֻʣһڵ壬а
һ࣬Ӱ۵Ҳϣ
һεĶǿޱȣģҲʷǰûۣѾ㾡ȫ̫׺ħ֮ǿ˾һֻܿ塣
ڳõʱ˫Ϊ֣۲ֹһεϣ壬һɲǣ۴ûһϣƣܹƬɽӴشת

һִӹգûʧһӹȻǵĵƣأɽ壬Щɽ֮䣬ǧӡ
ƺ֮вϴ֮࣬гɣͷЩ£Ҫˡ
ֻ뵽߿ܵЩЩǿֲ
ߵôǿվȻ࿹⡣
ˣ
ͷڵͫҲϵӳϷҵܹĸоеԯʥڸ߿ܼ˴֮Ӧ
һ̺˻ͺһͷͷߣסԯʥʱ˹
֪ǼԵ׵֮ĸӦ
ԯʥ޷ܹ̫׵ģֻںȻǧĻܹ̫ף
ˣ
һ̣û˿ԥ˲֣еԯʥ͵ĸ߾ٹͷֱָͷǧֻܼһɲǣַ·͡
䣡
һ޴ܵ޸һ㣬͸ƣȻеԯʥϣһɲǵĹ͸Ʋ㣬͸˹ɳսע⡣
һɲǣϵرս˹֡ϣ˹ظԭͻʴԭԼﰵĹսߣ׷ʶ̧ͷƬ׹ҵĵط
¡
̧ͷɲǣһִҵеԯʥĵͺĳĻһеԯʥ˴شȻԽ
¡¡̶ʱڣǧͬĳµһ㣬Ծ˵ٶȽӶĺǱ߿еԯʥϣ˳ҵ׹Լ˵еԯʥԽԽ̫֮Ҫɫâ


1903 ħ壡
ʥϻ۵ĿֲϵĹ̫׶̧ͷУ塣
ߣԭҪ֮Ը𣿡
̫׻ĺħЦһֻһͽΧɿܷӦ΢˰ģ̫׻̧ͷĨ׵ĳҵɲǣͼ
޴͸ħ֮壬ۼٶҲûκε˺ұΪ֮ǰʱħսôãӦףԭһ㶼
̫Ц
֮ǰı̫ˣһս棬˾䣬Ҳù̫״ԭģλĴͳ˧ӣֻǣԷ뷨Ҳδ̫һԸˡ
Ȼˣҳ˽㣡
̫һȭ³˱ƿͬʱ۹һ˿˵ĺâһ̣ħǾ޴ӰԽĸߴҲԽһööɫġġǳҵĺ֮УԵԽأ£ҳһ
ˣ
̫׵һһһ̣ںħĶͷȻһ޴ģģʻŵؽɫӡǣӡ֭·Ķ
ɣҵ㣡
̫׿Ϸ˸ǵ֥Сġڵ㡱ĿѩɫݣбŷһŨҵɱͬʱֻȭŨ̹£ڸĸ»Ũ̲ͣѹѹǻԵϵۣͬһǿ˼㣬ʱܱ
һ
ֻҪһɵ壬ⳡսͳ׵Ľ
̫ײżͬһͷĿʨݷţţȴһ
¡
ڣ߿ǧĳۻtҵٶȲϵĺԯʥϣҲоеԯʥۼѾﵽ˶㡣
һ̣û˿ԥ˲䷢Ѿõǿһ
׳磡
߿һȣڷԯʥǿС
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬سƣϷҵĻɳ·ֹһ£һεģǿǣ£ǧܼ꣬ȫ˿ߣ۵еһ㡣
һʧˡ

ֻһգۣ˵ĸ֪У͸ɳ籩ƣһ̫֮Ҫľ޴׹ǣӸ߿¡

û˿һɲƣһ޴׹ֵɲǣѾԽؼһеĹâеһУ׹ǰȻʧɫ

ĻɳУһ󾪺һ޸ԶսֻҪˣһִͷĸоͷ·ǵصĺǳԼһ㡣
رЩʳÿһжӿһľ֡
¡
ֻһɲǣǵ޴ɫ׹ǧȻĳؿռ䣬صںħͷħͬʱһȣ̫ŭһ˫͵һȭ
һľ죬ħǻصĿֲűǣԼԯʥصײһ
¡¡û˿һɲײһɲҵ׹ͺɫĻգԭʵӲĴأһ˵ĸ֪ȴֽͬƬһ㣬ҵĵ
֮ν֣ضΪ֮Ȼʧɫ
壡
һǣƷ棬ãۣ³˶սĵ͹̫ףһޱȡ
ԯʥǣǧôȻԸ̫ף˵Ѿĺˡκβ˹̫ףô˾ֻܱĿˡ
䣡
ֻһɲǣֺͣ޾͸ħ壬һ·뵽˴
һ࣬Թ̫ױĿֲ»棬ԼǱѵصĿֲڼƬ֮Ҳֵסһǹɿֲɿ
ˣ
ү

ǲܿƣɳȥ壬Լһ·µİ߰ѪƷɫ԰ףһĳˮס
ݺΪõܹԸ޴͵ħǿ׻ģڣҳ˽ⳡսɣ
̫׵ĮͺԶӴһ㣬գҲÿһ˵顣
¡
̫һ˵ţһŲķ˹ȥ䣬ħǾ޴ص̤ڵϣ˾ҵ𶯡
֪һĻϣ˹ֵһ
̫ˣ
һǣ˼ޱȡ
ⳡս仯࣬ͺķİͻɳʳһƬңұٱĵزֻҪɱ壬ƾӾͻɢûκֵܹ˺ħʹʳӵĹ
ħĿֲܹôƵľ׵ı
ͷ­ⳡɳɣ
̫ױؼصǹĻͬ˰ϯ
𣿡
ۿҪںħĻ£ʱһЦ߲ͣͻȻڹ̫׵Ķ
̫׶һ±ɫʮ⣬ͷɢڵϣ̧ͷһ˫͸˿˿
ˣ
Ļӣ̫׵һŲҲȻֹԭȥĹҲŶա
Ⲣǹ̫׶飬ǹ̫һȭڷһ֮Ҳ䲻ȥͷ·ǰһεǽֹǰһ
㵽ʲô
̫׶۾ŵĿ塣
һǣֻ޷һȭƶһ¶޷
ˣ
Զ˹ֺͰҲһΧĻɳŹ̫׸
ʱѾˡ
Ǻǣ̫ԴˣΪûκε𣿡
ͷɢЦһӵվ
ڵȵһ̣̫׺ħĽʵ̫ǿˣżȻĻᣬڵڵϵѾˡ
治̰ð뵽ħڣȻŽԼħͬҲ֮
κβħҲκβ㣬ѵκβħһͭķ𣿡
ڵϣƵᣬ˵ⷬ
棬̫׵ɫҲѿ˼㣬һͻȻʲô
󣬰ϺͰ˹۾ҲһȻ
սĿɳͷ籩ŰںħΧע⵽һĻˣһƬš
̫ף


͹̫˵ÿһ仰˶һȴһƬԺ
⵽ô£
벻Զĵط³ޱ֮ˣӹ̫׵ķӦϿ϶ǷʲôĿǰΪֹȴûһף֮䵽ô¡
꣡
Ҳʱһϸ΢ĴͻȻӺħڴ
Сһ㣬ͬʱХɳţǶڴʱ˵ϸɲ΢죬ȴ
΢Ĵ컹ֻǸʼ


1904 ħ֮
꣬һһϸܵĴ죬ϵĴħڴ˹ֺͰϲɵ𶯣ɫò԰˲١
ںħ˿ĵطǿι״ͻȻ֮ѿķ϶
ܣ
ܣ
ôһУ
ܵڵı仯̫ҧгݣ־ŭϢ粨
ǴĶƾãǲɴݻٵģ̫ôû뵽ǿķȻᱻƻ
ոһɲȫϣѹû뵽ĿȴûзϣǼϡ
ܵģû˿ԶԸħ
΢ͽһҪɱ㣡
̫׷ߺ޵쳹أĲٿ£ħĻ漱ĲƺǿһȻȴǿȻЦ
̫ھж֪͸ʵ硱ڵ״ָơ
һöħ޷˵Ҳǹ̫ʹԭ
ڣ䣬沼ѺۣöȻǿޱȣ٣վ޷ֵؼǧ
ԻصĿֲעö֮Уʹܲסѳɷ顣
ʧȥöħҲʧȥ˴ڵĻ
䣡
ڹ̫ƴȫɲǣֻһ춯صľ죬ħڣҵıըһƬƬϸСͭƬ
ʧȥöħǿֲĸ»棬ҲһȶĻɽһҵıը
û˿һıըɫĻ˷俪ǿֲʹ˷׷˿嶼ʩչնݣ롣
Բڣ𶯣Ũҵûɳų⿪

ֻһʵŭУĺ֮УһϸСӰ߷һ㣬׷ɳȥǹĺɫҲѸʱ䣬սɫʱԭĻɫ¶ҲӶʮһ룬ʱʮȡ
Ϊʲô
ͬһʱ䣬ħֵؼ죬ǰһ̻ڴɱķޱϲУһ̾ȻͱǿзֿôҲûϵġ
ΪһĹħη壬ǰĶࡣһ̣Ըʱ̣رǣѾǸ˵ס˽
̫ףң
ħֵ쳹أٴθоǹϤģֲľ
һ࣬ˣ̫Ҳıɫ䣬һɿ񱩵ݺݵһģ̫׾Ҫħħٴκ塣
һѾˣΪһ̣ôã̹̫׺ħٴκ϶Ϊһ
ۣҿʥ֮ڣ
Ѹٱ׺ݣͬʱݺסеԯʥ
ʦ֮ж˿ʥ֮ڣһÿʥϿɣⶥʥڵϾˣԶʱڼʥڵȴ޷ʱʹá
ǿʩչᷴ屾
սʼ֮󣬺ܳһʱ䣬ⶥʥ֮ڶУһжͬǻɱħǧѷĻᡣ
Ҫһ㣬ͱҪʥ֮ڵ
ˣ
䣬бɲһӵʥɢǿҵľХʥΧǧ䣬ֳʥ˵Ӱǿʥ֮ڣ
ʥշֻɣ·ܵʲôڿлһΣֱѸͷ
䣡
ʥ£һһˮ齻ڣ϶Ϊһһɲǣʱ䣬˾ǣٴﵽԭ֮࣬ÿֲޱȡ
ԲʮڣŤʥ֮ϵǵɿʥӰʵޱȣµҲ͸һɽɫʥׯϣͬܵһ
һ̣͵̧ͷĿߴħ
ϣ
һԽĽգ쳹أԣʥڡʥޣټϴӴ˾Ｓȡľһ̵ھѾǿʷǰ
ն
û˿ԥ齣ʥڡޣԼԼ뵽ʥ֮УеĶһǳɣޱȡ
һɣ䣬Ȼһ漴˵ĿУһڵĽӰ֮ǰƾո֮䣬ֻһգһʱ䶼ҵĻ˶ħ
һ£ʱ䶼·ֹˣ
У̫͵ĵɴ۾ɫ԰׵ĺѪɫ
໣
ֻһ춯صĺУɽͰߴħţȻһʹ˲Ӵֻ˰붼漴¡һѿһεг롣
гҲûܼ̫ãڷֿ֮󣬶ȻŻҵıը
ӦĽ֣
ħȲʵ쳹սȻ㻯ΪĻǣ׷𱬶
Уͬһʱ䣬ࣵһ̫еġħġҲѿ⣬Ƭ
ըħ̫͵ĳ鴤һ£ԺôһɲǣȫһƬհף
ˣ
ħȻˣ
ӹºնĵ¹ž֮Уò׽ħһʱһħôڶƤ£һǱԷһնɱ
һ̫׸оԼĶڵѪ
㵣
ʼϲ
ʲôʱ򶫷綼ǿˣ
ǶֻǸͳ˧ѣ
ʯ䣬һϵͷԺзӶ̫͵Ļع˶塣
ΣһҪ
̫Ŀбޡ
˹֮սǻĶͳ˧УһζͬǻУ˲ʳԶա
⽫ʳĸ֮
뵽̫жʱһƬͨ͸ħҲʧܣ˱
ˣ
̫һΣҪ֡Ȼ̫׻ǵ͹塣
֣
ûȵ̫׳֣Ŀһ䣬̫ףһ£ȳŹ̫׳ȥ
ôȻǧ䣬ֻǽ̫׺ħӺ״̬뿪ѣַǿз룬ѾԶԹ̫ǿҵķɡ
ġʵ硱ѾĲ׽̫׵ʵڼٵ˥Ŀ¾̫׶һע⵽۽ǵϸԾ˵ٶӡ
ǶԸ̫õʱ
֣
˷û˿ԥͬʱáۡԪһлͥħ桢桢֥˼˳дƵĽ켸ǲԼͬӸ򣬳Ź̫׵ȥ
дƵĶּ뵽˹̫Χ֮С
ֹǣ
˹֡ϼ״ɫ䣬ϸ룬ʳĽ볯ǰȥҪ֧Ԯ̫סŸո˳ɣ䣬һһɿ񱩵ľǵأʵʣȻصĺԺ֮С


1905 ̫֮
ͻȻһʱƺһ²˰ģһ࣬塢á³Ѿ
컯
ɹ
¾
һǺӣ

ݣ
ħ죡

һɲǣ޾Ĺһ㣬ϯ
λʳ۹Ķ⴫棬˲˿ĵģÿһ˶㾡ȫ˹̫ס
ӹܹܵ񡰴̫׿԰ˡ
ǰ޹˺ߣ
ȻһжΪ̫ǳ׵ĺʵ
ʱ˿̣ǿ̫ףħɱ֮˿ĹҲоȥʵǿҲͬʱֵôˡ
ʥڣˣ
ԶϿ̫Χļ٣̲סһ
ȻʳӵоƵıǾóصɳԼ۹صĶ⽫죬ʳ۹ҪȡʤϣѾ΢΢
ǰľ棬ֻг˲ѵĲԡ
һ̫࣬׵Ŀε壬δš
ʱգ㾡ʳ۹ĵ̣˰ƵľӣĺڣܱߴССĹȣⳡʷǰĶжѾǰʧܸˡ
ֻǣΪʳĴ棬Ĵʥڣ̫еĸ߰ͷ­ڵǰˡ
һУԶôǿĶ֣ˡ
ӣ
СӣΪӮ𣡡
̫Ŀ˷˶Ĵƽ죬Լǵأû˿ȴһΣԾ˵ٶȳ˶ȥ
ҾҲҪ㣬ԼƸصĴۣ
ˣ
ָ̫һţȻһƳȥ
Ļͻ𣬻ǽ죬ȻĿУ۵ٶȰθһأֹˣĻƤڣҲı仯ɫѸټͬͭһ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬һɺڰҡ񱩵ĹҲŴӹ̫׵ıʼʱ΢ޱȣͬҹеӨһ㣬գ֮䣬쫷㼱
ֹˣէһֳ֣һʧص״ֻ̬еĻħɢݵɳɡչ̫׵תתͬĻ֮
ħ񣡡
ԭŹ̫׳ȥȻһĻƤɵ͵һ¡ڵĹ̫ף˻ҡϢɺ¿ʮħӡΪơ
ֻǲͬǣЩµĵܣ֮顷мضֲֻ洫˵ֻһʵӡ󣬵ڵĹ̫ȴЩʧõĹħӳʷ»һ㣬ôĳǰ
˵ʵ
һٶǰõħͶ֮죬ٴ˼䣬Щͽ׵Ļɣ
̫׷쳹ء
𣡡
һֲ˻͸һħ񼶱ĿֲѹͻȻб˵Ŀ⣬һɺɫŤӹ̫籡֮УȻԿһħס
¡¡˷˵Ĺ޾ӿȻ̫ȴȫЩɫǿ籩Ĺ֮ǰȻһֱ۸߸߾ͬһֱָա
ұ
׺쳹أһͻ
¡
û˿ףԹ̫ΪģԲ֮ڴ𶯣ͬһʱ䣬󣬺ӵصӿû˷ӦϾͳһ޴Բ³á۵ȫȦС
޴ɫԲɵɲǣݣһӴ˳Ź̫׵ķȥ
ã󷨣
Сģˣ

ͬһʱ䣬ͻȻһǿҵΣУϢŨҵԸӣԪһлͤħҲɫ䣬һҲ룬ȥȻ˲ŸոݳԶûķΧ䣬վ𣬾ͷ·ͻȻײһεͭǽڣӲı˻
ռ
ħͺһɫˡʮ׸ߵİɭɭľ޴ħʹǰȥǲγײȴʼ޷ɫԲķΧʣǹ̫׸Ĺ
˲䡣
ħɫòҰޱȣ
Ӳ˵ģɱҵħȫ
Ƶ
̫ɭû˿ԥ˲
¡
һǵĿֲըǹ̫еʮħ֮װͶħֿ֮񱩵ľһ̣ȫۼһ𣬻Ϊһ־޴ģԵĺɫգ˵ĿУҵıը
ûӵˣ
̫˶߻죬һֲ̣̺ڣһƬغռ̤
̫ױ΢ǿߣʵ֮ǿԶˣټϺħɳ׵ȵԼսϸֿ񱩵ľӴĳǵ۹󽫼Ķǿ֮ȣҲԵ΢
ڳ˿¶ѡ
Сģ
ɫԲ֮һƬңɫ԰ף׷ױͼֵɿ񱩵ǰôǱ΢ͽ͵ġʱ򡪡
̫ףһΣ޷Ըˣ
ʯ䣬ͻȻл졣
ˣ
δ䣬ͭӳУһöӵĽɫСͻȻһССȴνȻĺӴͬ˲ķš
ݣ
һ̣ʥɳӭһɲǼ䱩ٱΪһ޴ͭ壬ûǺɫĻ汬ɫָһָǾ޴ͭȻ׹̫ԼǹɿֲɫȫС

öʥ£̫ѾĲʶһŭʵôû뵽ͷϾȻֶ
䣡
ֻƬ̣һǹɿֲķʥҲըƬ
ܹ̫ôʣʩչʥʱҲѾעİ
õʥİڳɹӹһ١
ɹˣ
âһƬɢһصķʥǰ
˹صĸԭ֮ӥç֧ӴѩɽԸʦа˵ġ
˹һսöʥȻѾȱȴȻӵвСҲԽϣֻû뵽ʱȻ˴һ
գ
ӿԳԽԽӰãۣԪһ˷׷׸ϵ󣬿Ǳըĺۼһ¡
̫ǿˣѾǿк˺壬ȻôǿʵǴƵľУҿɵĻݿº
³ʱҲڵڹ̫׼ɵޱȡ
̫׼һֵڷǿʢĴʳ۹ĶֽԳ£ڴʳ۹ȻȴҲǽĴڡܹһսɱˣǴƵһ¡


1906 սβɱһ
ಣ
ʱһ㣬ԶһöƵһضϱڿնУͻȻı仯˵ע⡣
ǹ̫׵Ķϱۣ
˷׷Χֱ
еĶϱԲ޳һ㣬ʳָλãһȦָӡǣǹ̫׵ƣһ񻰣ڴ˵䡣
Ӧǿħıסһƣ
˵ĿɨǿŲ򣬶ʱʲôֻǺܿ죬˾ͱһЩˡ
˵ĿУ̫׵ǽڶ֣տʼԲֻ꣬һգۣ·͸֧еһ֧Ծ˵ٶȣѸٸɱ񣬿ήϸСĺɳ󣬺Ȼһֻ֦Ŀצ
û˿ԳȻһٶ꣬Ҳͬ˴ۣôǿǿнħ𿪣Ѿ˵ıԴԱҲֲ̫ã
һŲӶߴ˹ǽڿצڵ
š
˵ͷһ̫ٱõĿһģֻǶõĲֿȴûйͬ
û˿Գ𣿡
һǣͻȻЩĪĺˡĿǰ֪ϢЩ˿Ѿ˼ʱ䣬ЩĿѾ˳ǧʱ䣬ֻЩ̫ٱ»֪
ЩͷԺзӶܿͻع
̫֮Ǳ취Щʳľӣ
һףͽ̫׵ǽڶڵϣתܿ쿴ЩɳаƵĴʳ
׶ڣ˺һնɱ˹̫ףǲһٶʳԼ˵Ǹв
Ļã³˼˳еĴƾͷǿߣȫ˱յɳ
սڼ̫׵ĵеĴʳ˻֮У˹ֺͰҲѼƲɳУһ·ݣôܵʳݻȥδٴһ֮ս˽Ҫ⡣
Ҫģʱлᣬһɳסǰʱң
忪˵ĵһ仰𶯲ѣЩ²⣬˭Ҳû뵽ôΧ仯ȻĽ
һ࣬Ӷд
ٱˣ³֥˼˳ǸԴһ֧ϣ򱱽ϰͺķɺİɢǣܵǵ޷ٴξۼ
˼ͬӶһ𣬾ܵĴɢǣֻҪִɵĴʳۼһɱһֱΪֹ
̶ʱڣһһѹȥʹ֮ʯơǳ㣬Ѿ̫ʱˣʱȥɳԽԽ
˵ʱ䲻ˡ
ǣ
ĻҲܿعһ£ѸٷֿİţӸŲһٶʳɱȥ
ⳡսеڣŽ뵽ҪĲ֡
ƺʹʳⳡ֮սʳ㳲ۼʮĴĲɱƬսһٶսʿսʳ۹ȻӵһʮĴ
Ʒ棬ԭʮϰͺķ˹ظԭʮܼưʮңһսҲʧ˶ʮ´ƺɺʮңʹʳ֮䣬һս֮
Ҫ볹׵߽ʳ۹ʹûкʹһϸ£ٴηѵ;һٶĴʳӻŻصʳ
ˣ
һ̣Űڣͷʥ֮ڣ򣬰ľ纣һ㣬ӿѸһʮʮ٣ֻɽٹǿľ͸ػɳ³˼˳֥аɵǿԼеĽһ
ǿзֻʶɺܴĸɣǿ߾ܹͬʱֻѾ൱ˡ
ܹͬʱֻʮ֮٣ʶֻٹɣͬʱһĶãͬʱӾһٶĿֱ꣬޽УҲ˴˾ľټϿʥ֮Ľ
£֮⣬Ҳ˿ˣֹˣⳡɳģ͸֮ʯ׼ĿɳдʳĶ
ɱ
ĻɳУɱдƵľӶͶ뵽˽ⳡս
һĽսһжɱʳ˵Ϊ
û˹̫׵ĶսټϴͷĽ룬ʳ˼һ浹ȫѹƣӽ״̬飬ĻɳУĴʳ·ľ׮㣬׷׵˵ϡ
ÿʱỵ̈ƵĴʳﵹѪƵľɱ
ʮ򣬶ʮ򣬶ʮ򡭡
ʮɺ˵һӶʳ˵Ѿﵽսʼֵʿ䣬淽򣬴ʧɢһ̵Ĵʳ硣
ڴƵȫ£̶ʱڣʳ˵ľӾһԾ˵ٶ

ģĲҽڶĴʳ澪ţͷӬ㣬ͻȻǴĸͻΧܻãã޾ĴƾӵǣȻдʳﶼ֪ڻռƣʳıӦٻʮ
ⳡɳУȫӲ
һʳĸ֪УƺʳռƵһ
ÿÿǷһ֧ľӣңͷĴ˷ӿ
ÿжһּˣǧˣԿʮƱĸоָоֱ˾
Ҿۼһ𣬲Ҫֿ
ûǶ࣬һսǻû䣡
취ӻϣֻҪǼȫһԺݺݵĽѵЩͽ

ããĻɳУһ֧¶ĴʳӾۼһ𣬾ӵǰһĿӥǣ󺰴еĴʳ佫
ʳ佫ʵǿ󣬶鼫ḻҾ£˵ĲӴңɢڸطۼһ֧ڲͬţСľӡ
ʳ佫߾ȫİǻ̻̲긦˷ϵĲҽÿʱÿ̶ݼǵ񾭣˶ڱıԵ
ʥˣ˾Ҳˣ޾ˣʳ۹ˣ
һʳɫ԰ףǰ涫ĮĮĻɳʿ䵽˼㡣
˵ʲô˵һ飬˭ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ʳ佫·ʲôĿһ䣬תһ˫˺һʳৣʳﻹûзӦâһһģǶϸСƬ͵ݵĳȻһ˦Ľʳ˰֮С
ңû˵ʲôʲôû˵
ʳɫ֣ڿУͣ


1907 սβɱ
ˣ˶ˣʥڻûǴʳûаܣҵľӣˣ˳Ƭɳʱٴξɿ磡
ע֮ûκͽܹܵǣ𣿡
ϵĴʳ佫Ͼűӣɫ˻е
ǣǣû˿Իˣ
ǰ׺佫ʳͬнˮ֮˰㣬ͷҷһ̣䣬һƿñӽԼ𣬵ڰеĴʳ佫ͻȻ۾ͷһ޴Ѫ͸ѪԿǸһ·͸֮󣬻䵹Զһʳ
ʳ˻ΣŴ
Ϯˣ
ҿӣ
ֲϢ籩һϯӣһ˲䣬ͬɲһ㣬һ㣬˷ɢȥոպò׾£ľӣ˲һƬɢ
գ
ûӳԶһ󼱴ٵƻɳ˵ķٿ͵ĳײֱʮ
䣡
ʳﻹûӦͿһӴɳгǵĿᶨû˿ĳɣͺյĮĮɳиһ
ৣһʳ촦ڳǧĴͣͬư㣬Щʳﾶֱ׷ȥ
ϣս˻һͷӬ㵽ҴܵĴʳӣһѵأȷָĴƾӣĽʶ
һĲҽԼ׹ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬սеʧֻµϺˣ԰ټʬ塣
УѪܿ챻ɳط
һããĻɳǧķΧͬĳսĸطÿʱÿ̶š
ϡɱ󣬼ÿдƵľӡ
еĴʳӶܣ֪ûжע⵽λãģһ֧ʮ˵ĴھۼһڳõĻ֮ڳɡ
ڳɹˣ֧ӣӵһս֮ˣҪܸľӣ
ڴ룬ߴ׳Ӱһǰ˹֣һӰȻǰϡ
ţΣ˵һŸǱӦûûзֻ֡Ҫ׼֣䲻⡣ܴӴƵİΧͻΧ
ɫصĵ˵ͷ
һսʳѾˣһײһսʳʧ˴ʥںʹ˾䣬Ҳ˽룬˶ѾףʳѾʧȥ˺ʹƿʱ֮ǳشʳʵ
٣ҪôʳڴǰԱ

һĲҽ˷ϺͰ˹ЩĲҽü΢΢һ£ȴû˿˿ԥ
ǶβΪ˱ʵֻһֵľˡ
׼𣿡
ķ֮УͷƳһ۰˹֡
ţͺķľѾչȥˣֻҪƬ̣ǾͿԳͻΧһ·Խ룬شʳ˴󲿷ֶǲܸϵǵս
˹ֿڵĿǣѩޱȡ
ʳΪٶԶڲ֮ϣҲⳡսչڣʳΨһĻˡ
˹֣Ҫˣǲܷشʳˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һĮɳʮʳӵϿջ죬ƺ˹ֺͰϵһȫûԷĶĿ
ৣ
Ϥ˹ֺͰһ˶վֱɫýޱȡ
壡
Ƶ˧ͬʱ˴˾ʹʥڵĿֲǿߣ
˶Ϥˡ
ֻǳһΣϢ˷һ󼱴ٵͲƽĺһǣ֪ٴƵľӴӸ
ЩƵľӳֵĺףұ˴֮Ĭֻһգۣͽ˹ֺͰϣԼʮۼʳΧȦ֮С
壡
ʯ䣬һͷӹԺ˶ʱʲôɫ԰ޱȡ
Թ̫ս˱һֱϢԼھͷĸ֪ԭΪԼɹҲΪɹռһһٴξ£˽Ÿ
ڿеľٶȫûӹĶĿ
£Ĵ˶ͻȻָ֮оƺЩǶԷϵĽ
ϣ
Ҳʱս˻ڶķһƥƥƻɳǽӰĿעİϺͰ˹֡
ֻһʼ󣬶Ϸս˻һƥͷīĴӻɳ߳϶󣬶ƵĲ
ߣ
³Զһ˦ֻЦ
󣬰˼˳֥˼һƾͷĴӶϡ򿿽֮䣬ХɳȻ֪˷ʮ򿿽ĴƾӣϺͰ˹֣ʮʳһһĸųˮס
䱸
ͫһĳķ֮Уͬʱ΢΢ͬһűĴһʱս׼ڵʳѾ·ˣֻһսˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ԣ˹ɫأ͵һ鳤һ߿Ե
󣡡
ǰѾǳΣֻƴһսлһ
ĸͻΧ
ĿѩͬҰһ㣬۾Ȼǰһ޵ʶȴͰ˹ӵһ
رΪһǣǴӶͻΧȻƵ򣬹룬شʳ
׷ǣ
˹ֳ
ţ
صĵ˵ͷλʳ˶Ĵڶ̶ʱڣѸ̶ӦԲԣǰǸ֣ȴ֣ҪһˣȻûôס
Ȼ˸ո¶ģ׼ʱһĸͳͻȻĮĮĻɳԵüΪĿ
һʶŤͷ
䣡
ֻһۣɳгֵĶ˻꣬ϵѪɫ˲Ϣʵøɸɾ

ϷĸУֵģǳǧĴƳսУֲɱ֮ǿԶڴʳľ޾֮ϡ
ǿĴʳصףЩƳǰҲֻһ׵ĸѡ
ǣԳΧȫǵļ긲ѹ֮С
ʮʳҪӶͻΧͱ뾭һ꽻֯ɵش
Ȼû˹ֺͰ϶ʱ䣬³֥˼˳еĴƾӣ󳵷Ѹʳӳɱ


1908 սβɱ
ϣ
ɱ
ս˻һɱ쳹أѸٱ˼㡣Ȼȷһģ³ˣպɽƵ󳵴
䣡
һɽХƵͬŭһ㣬ܼ꣬Ŵʳ˵ķХȥ飬ֻգ֮䣬ϺͰ˹ֵĴҽţͬĵһ㣬׷׵ȥ
սصĵڵأ

ֻһգۣĴʳ˱䴩׷׵˵ϡʬʬ䵶ɫ졭ţȫڵϡ
ѪϢ֮䣬ڵ۳ɺӡ
ǿɱֱ˾
껹ڲͣĺХ
ȫͻΧ
еķ֮и߾٣ֱҪˣʥ˾Ҳʳ۹ܶܶ޾Ÿû˵󳵷ȴڡ
ⳡսѾ޷ȥˡ
գ
һ̣ѻ̻̲ĴʳٲԥڰϺͰ˹ֵһ·Ŷصĵطɱȥ
ܶѾû˸ȥðͻƳļˣ
ɱ̫ɲˣ
ǿ簢϶ûͷ
¡¡
ս¡¡ֻգ֮䣬˫Ĵҵսһ𣬶ͬһʱ䣬˼˳֥˼ҲŴɱصĳ˴ʳ˵ľ֮С
ȴûκ˿ƵļͷԼͬΪպɽ󳵲óһ޴ȱڡ
ˣ
һһļһȶģ˾Ľ಻ϵľ׼ţÿһ𣬶гųŵĴʳӲϵ¡
պɽ󳵲ӾͺֲոһһոЩʳ

ʮһ
ϺͰ˹Ĵһ˿־ٶš
ͬһʱ䣬˷ĴƾҲɱ飬ҵײУĴʳͬľ׮㣬սϣѪ
ʮ
ʮ
ʮ򡭡
ǰ󲻹̶̵ʱ䣬ʳ˵Ѿﵽһ˵ĵزһѵأʿ߰ϼΪĬĴƾӣһ˳ȫңʿ䵽ĴʳӣⳡսӿʼɲǾѾע˽֡
ڴʳ˵ҪĵĻԶֹǺƵ󳵷󣡡
𣡡
һû˷ӦһͷɽͰ޴ĺӰص׹ڴʳ˵ľ롣
ǽվԳ
Сģ
Ӵľޣս˻һʳҲǿ־塣ʳ˵ľ޾żֻͷǿĽվԳš
ֻǴжԸ޵ľͳ󣬵ǴʳȴͷĽվԳû˿취
𣡡
ӴĽվԳѪһ˫ڴµɲǣ޴ֱľصĴ£䣬߰ʮʳ߶ûһͱվԳֲҳ촷ۡ

ڽվԳ֮󣬳ʳӵģһͷͷӴĽվˡ
Щ𵩾֮ǰʯ콵ķʽ׹ڴƵӪ֮УĴ˲С˺սֱӾͱƾӴ˾ľ֪ʶԼʥ֮ڵ
ɱ
һͷͷվȫףһݺݵײ˴ʳӪ֮С飬һʳﻹûӦͱһվеĽ鳻Уҽ˴ɵʮ׵ĸ߿֮Уݺݵײ˳ȥ
飡
һͷһͷվ˳˹ȥ绢Ⱥһ㣬ʳ˵ײһƬҡ
һĻĻϺͰ˹г˼㣬©ƫ꣬Ǳƶûиһᡣ
ûлˣ뾡ͻΧ
˹
߲ˣ
ʱһӶд˹ɫһ㵣ʯ䣬ĻعͷԵİϡ
ֻɫƽƺѿ͸һУͰ˹֪еǸıŰ֮ȫͬ
ϣ
˹סˡ
ǲ뿪ģһۣ˶ý
ϵ侲ޱȣԴʥ֮󣬰˵ʶ˳׵ı仯
ȥסǣͻΧζҪǵĴشʳ

ⷬ˹ɫһڻعȻûȵڣһ춯صĺɱ˷
ɱ
ϣ˹֣߲ˣ
Уһһǿʶ糱ս
ܣã³֥˼˳һƾͷֱ˶
ҪҰϵûôף
ʯ䣬𶯣ûи˹־ܾĻᣬһΣһ㣬͵İεض˫һӣһɰɫķ֮бסٽӽã³ˡ
ߣ
ټ䣬ϵڰ˹ֶ
䣡
ըۿŰã۵ȴƵĶ֣˹һҧװڴʥѾ־ڵתͷһԶ۶ȥ
ߣ
Хߵİ˹֣˼˳֥ı䷽򣬼׷ȥ
ȻûݳԶ䣬һɰĵն£ǰĵϣ䣬𶯣ʯɣ̳ʮ׸ߣͬһʱ䣬һʯȻϯȥȴǰڹؼʱ̱ķ֮еסˡ
˼˳͸֥ɫһòͣ
ҲƬ̵ĳɣ˹ѾɹȥŴŶһ·ͻΧ
󣬸֥Ͱ˼˳Ƭ̣תһεضú۵ˣ뵽˶԰ϵΧ֮С
սеļΪңÿʱÿ̶дĴʳﵹѪ

Ƭ֮һĲҽУڵ˵ϣôƶͷĹķ֮Ҳһֵס
ΪʳӮһã³ȶͷȥ˹һ·ɱڸ˴Ĵ֮ϣһԽ˻˹ĴڳɹɱΧӶͻΧ
׷
֥ƥԣͫһβ׷ɱȥ
û˱װ˹ֵΣˣ˹֮սģ˹ȴˣڶʳսҲĪĹɹȥ˵δڴʳ۹ĶԴƵĵս
ˣ
ʱϤͻȻڸ֥Ժ𣬸֥һͣ˽Ų
ȥɣһ˹ֻƲʲôˣ֮Ǿɱ˴ʳ˵ҡӳҲܹɹشʳ
ƽƽû˿ĲƺеһжԤ֮С


1909 ʤ𶯰˷
ã
֥ԣʱپᡣ
ⳡ֮ĴսĿǰΪֹܹʤһжĹͣеһжԤ֮С
ֻҪ廹˳ᢣ㲻̫Ĳ
ݣ
֥һתԥָʾԶĴʳɱȥ
׷𱱣
սµĴʳɽ
¡¡
ʯ䣬һľӹս˶
Ͷ߲ɱ
䣡
ħ񡱰ɲǼ䣬ĻɳУ׷ڵء
Ͷ
Ͷ
ǴʿˣǱʳǿдģԸͶ
ˣʳ޹أԸͶ
̹ˣҲǱ°ӵģԸ⽵ƣ

ζĹУʳ۹ֹ㳲һܱдССĹңһ⴦İĶսʳʮ൱һЩʳΧССȵľӡ
ʳռϷҲͰˣڣʥսصĴ˾Ҳսˣʳ۹ܶܶ㱻ɱĵ۹ǰʳ˸ûз֮
ѾֵزˣΪʲôҪŴʳһ
飡
̶̵ֻʱڣӴսͻȻž˲٣̹ɣˡˡʿ붼û룬׷׹ڵأ嶼൱ȡ
ȻոͶɱ˵ģû뵽ôõЧ
ôôࡰ֡ڴƾǸջ޺
ˣ
һ̣ڱϣһӣ¡¡һֱսĹɳͬһųȥıɴ㣬ɢȥ
άôΧɳÿһ̶ҪĴ㣬˵ҲǸСġ
ˣ
Ļɳɢȥս¶ݡ
ӴսϣйͶȫǴʳܱСϵģǴʳˡյĻɳɢȥ˶ʶ̧ͷɫһ
رЩʳɫǸӣʱ䣬ǵһοա
ָоֱ꣡
Ǻܿ죬˵עͱսŵսɽҰȫʬ壬ʬʬ޵ʬ塢վ˵ʬ塢ʬ塭
Ƭ˽ӽ˵ʬ壬˶ǰƴɱơ
棬Ѫ裬ô˵Ѫڵʣ۳һƬѪ
ս
һĻ˵ǴʳˣƵսʿоǿҵ𺳡
ӣ
ͻȻ֮䣬֪˭һһ̣еĴʳ԰ɫʱһɢͷҲأ׷ӡ
Щʳ˵֮궼̤㶫ˡ
һսʹ˽û˿ԥǰԸһʿ֯մʳ۹ܱЩͶСβ׷ɱ
ͬʱŸ𶯳򣬷˷
䣡
ʤϢ˷½Ȼ𶯣ʳ½ǿĵ۹ûһսǿҹעϢ˷ⳡսǰǰеϸڶ۹
ʲô
ӮˣǻʮĴʳ
ͻʺʥɽɳ޿ɺյϢȻһ͵һưվ
Ϣ֮ɳ޿ɺվʱԻζһ£վվȡ
ش󺹣Ϣǧȷʧϴ󽫾ǰ̽鵽Ľʳ۹ͳ˧ʥڹ̫׺λصĴ˾ȫϣ
ٹڵأ
ˣ
ͺһ͵ײԺУôһɲǣɳ޿ɺԺһƬհףعǱ
ʳ֮ǿϡ
ȴʤǿʮ˾˹Լľӣ񣬴ʳ㳲ʮľãټϹ̫׺ʹ˾λ棬Լڶǿܶܶ˶κβ˴ƣ
ڷ£кˣʲôܹʹ࿹⣿
ӽԺ󣬲жôӴı˭ڴǰ׷ֻ߾ʥʸĹ˵ӴԺ󣬴ܱйֻйԹԳԶΪհ
壬塭Ȼ㣡ݴ󶼻Ժ˭淴֮ģ
ɳ޿ɺȭͷ̧ͷϷֻ
Ȼʳĺ˻ģԺ˭ǴƵĵ֣
ӵͬ뷨Զֹɳ޿ɺƵ˹ظԭϣ۹֮УһŴϣһţ
һ˫ǻۣ·Զлײ˸ԶѩһҲ˲١
´ӵǧıⳡսĽ֣Ҳû˿İ취
࣬ڶı
֪˶ãһ㷲ͻȻƽ
һ䣬˴˹佫ע⡣
˰ɣȫ󳷣
۾İ˰֣
ȥڿʼƾûĵطд󳷰˰
⣬һ⣬Ҹߴƻʵۣ˵Щ˹غʹ֮⣬ƻʲ˹Ըƺͺã̫ƽ
ǣ
ԣһܿ
ڶ佫гأ׷׵ͷ
˹Ϊʱʳ֮սº׼ıһս˶ףѾԼ޿ǿʵ춨ԼΪ½ذĵλ
£Ȼڲ飬ʮһ·β׷ɱʳ۹ľӣȴûˣҲûκιȸҳʱ򹥻½
һƴ۷û˸ʱ򹥻Ƶĺ
˹ص۹Ѿʧȥ˺ʹһ۵ʵʸ
ӴԺֻצڴ
ӹգǧɽˮһ·ڴʳĵ۶͸
ҵĵǲͬʱİ͸ȴǸƽһƬϲ
£ʥѾԽ򵽸֮ǣϾռ¤ˡ
ʹǵôܺʹʥڵʮ࿹⣿˵λд˾ƾǵĶ֣
ϲ£ϲ£ȵʥڴϢǴʳ۹ͳһʱ򣡡
̫׽һսް̣һܹʤʱ򣬱ù̫׽ƻѹڱǰߵ񣬰Ǹ壬Ҳѹ͸ﾡ裬Ա֮𡣡
ȵʥ½ΪǴʳ۹ʷΰľӴԺ½ǵñµķṦΰе۹ҲΪǴʳūͣūۣ

ټĴڣĵ۹󹫡壬׷׾ۼڵ۹ʵķΧһһ֮ʺĵ³
ϷķϷһŻƽϣ۾΢Уһֻ߽űζɺ͸ıڣγһС
Ȼû˵΢⣬ȻѾЩ󹫹˵ˡ


1910 ŵĴʳ

ʳ㳲ǵ˹֮սԱģ˸κʤϣ
ǶҴʳҳȵʥȻҲǣصʹͣ
ķ۾ŵµȺ
Ȼ֪Щ󹫹嶼ЩķеǸԼôãҲĺôδʳͳһ£ôҲҪȥ
ЩȻУȴӵ㹻ġ
л£
ķĻڣд󹫹дϲ׷׹ڵأ

˵ʱʱ죬ڴھ֣ͬһƬϲʱ򣬰һ⣬һӰִ񣬺ܿ˽
£ǰţ¹Ŀ

˲Ϣ䣬һƬд󹫹壬ϵķ׷Ťͷ˹
𣡡
һ̣ķжֱ
ʲôʲôȴôãڵȵʥںʹ˾ʤϢ
ҿ
ķվǰȥ
ʱŶԱߵĽôҪʱ̣ô
ৣ
ķһѴץţֻһۣķжʱһ
ţȻƤдŴʳģ·ȴǡӡǣ
һɲǣķüͷ𣬵ȴʲôû˵͵һ˺ţȡż㡣
ƣ
ֻһۣķɫŭ৵һݺݽеڵϡ
Ǽ䣬һƬţ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ǰߴݱӦǺϢӦôϲǣΪʲôķ»ŭ
󣬾һ󹫹ŵһĭΡΡù˵ϵšϵݣķΪʲôŭˡ
Ƿֻȼ֣
ʳѰܣ֮Ͷ򣬱֮գǴʳ֮ʱ
ǴƵ۹ݴ󶼻Ԫ˧壡
ʲôʳǰ߽ݱԴƷս飡
ߣԭ˵ţ
򲻹ʥڣַʽǺ𣿡
һɺԣԻڣʳôܻܣȫ˵ı
˾ţ²ǣֻ󷽣Ҫ˶ãʥڵĽݱȻᴫ

һԣһһߣ޲ýǸʬΡ
ڵĴʳѾû˲֪塱֡
˵ԣȻš
ңʥںʹ˾ǵ۹Ĳܴ棬֣ôܻ䣿
Ƿϵݣûһš
ķϷһ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ȻȥһˣԷΪʹСϷܲЧҲδ̫ˡ
һ⣬ߴʥڣȴսʤһҪҵǸͷ­Ը͵͸
ķ޺޵
ǣ£
£ܿӦ
˾ģ
£д󹫡׷ͬ顣
ѾǸһôˣ˶ǵãƺɺɺʱ򣬾ͬΪ˵һţƵôʳòǣࡣ

˵ʱʱ죬ʱͻȻһ̼ӵ⴫δ䣬һפسĴʳ佫ɫҴң첽ӵⴳˣ
£²ˣǰսսܣʥںʹ˾նɱ
¡
һʯ׹£ڶʱһƬȻ
ʲô
ôܣʥôܻʧܣ
ٵģһǼٵģжʮԵƽ磬ôܻ䣿
̽һǼϢ
¡
һʯ׹£ڶʱһƬȻ
ʲô
ôܣʥôܻʧܣ
ٵģһǼٵģжʮԵƽ磬ôܻ䣿
̽һǼϢ

̫ͻȻˣ̫ˣ
ʳȥ˶ʮɱǿҪỹڶľޣôܻ䣿ڣ˵ĵһӦܣ
һ󱨣
£ˣ
һδƽһ𣬾˻ɲϢʱ򣬽һֵ̿Ĵӵ⴫һʳĴץһţȥ
ǰߴϢܣֻ°˹ʮŴԽŰ͸˼ʮں󷽽׷ţ

£ʿѱ䣬ѱ䡭ˣһŵ۹ɱ

ͺĳźţ֮һһʳĴɫ֣ҴҵĴ
䣡
һ£ϣķһȻϡеĴ󹫡壬Ҳȫɫ԰ףɫ
⣬ôܣ
𺳡
һζʳɳǿľӣǵƽ綼ˣΪʲôһƣ
ôһɲǣԺһƬհףȫϢ
ˣ˶нףˡ
һ˿󱨣һȺ˾󱨣οǲͬϢ
ǣʳôܻ䰡
𣿡
ʱ˿̣ķϷڤڤУԺжһӰ
һα˺ɺһΣ벻ٴξˣ

䣡
ʳʹܱߵ𺳣ʱ˿̣һƬڡ
ʳ֮սҲ֮ս
Ϊһսأ޸ȫ֧֡սв£еİնڹעⳡսÿжǽŲѣ
һսܣ޽㡣
һսʤˣ
ร
һĺͯץŷ糵һ฽ţһ˷ܵıţСնһƬͨ죺
ӮඣӮඣ
ȥͯܣУŵƽʡ޴أʱ˿һƬڡ
ΪƵģʱĵ۶һƬĺ󣬾ǰ磬̻Ѿ쳹ءһһ̻ϵĳ
İϽͷףʷǰĴʤ

쳹ʦ
İձ档˵Ӣۡ
ôĹͣΪ򣬷Ϊһң
ôĹͣһҪط͡
飬ʹƽʿʤʷᣬƳ飬дƵۿ
ʷǰĴ£ʮϦҷӢػҴƣݺγܷٲʢ
͢ҲһƬ֣Ⱥ˷ܵͨ죬Ҫʷǰķ͡
սʱ䣬˶ǽŲȴϢ
սܣû˸ֺ
ӮˣΪٴδ˵漣


1911 ׷ʳ
ˣһαúúͻ˵˵ίͽʿǡ
֪˭˵һ
˲Ϣ䣬еĴĿⶼеָϡ
ָٲԸٲԸ⣬ҲֻܱӦš
ȻȻͱϸ˵
ָЦɫ
Ȼûע⵽еָýģָؽڶס
һᣬʥʲûвμӣ˶֪ϢȻ˱µĶС
̫¥ͬ˼ͥһ㡣
£ݣʤˡ
һӯĽŲʿ߹Ӻ滺
̫ǰһƬƵĵһˣʥʱ£һۣǰ죬۴αȣһƬٵľʦ¶һ˿Цݡ
֪ˣ޾֪һġ
ⷬ˵ƽƽ޲䵽˶УȻᴥѡ
ĲգԼڣеУһֺεȵ
ֻƾһ㣬ͿԳƵϵƵĵһس
⣬ǰߴϢǵĴѾһ·źɺʹʳȥ͢ҲһЩģǴԶ뱾ʹڵؿ飬ʱȺ»ԴƼΪ
ʿƬ̵
ǣȥɣʱգ޵Ҫ˭ڴǰ
ʥʱ˫֣ȻһЦмдһɰ

¡¡
ɺ·ϣս¡¡صĺɱǧĴںβ׷ɱ
棬֮ʬҰĴʳ͵Ѫ
ণ
ʱһХͻȻдеĴʱͣ
ҲƬ̣գżٵһӰʮĻ£Ｋٶ
ৣ
һȸڵϣһʬԲ鿴һܿվ
ô
ȸŤͷԶһȫװĴ佫
նɱĴʳԼһǧң൱Ĵʳ򣬲ûгźɺȥ
ڴʳܶ˹һֱڽ߾ȫ£ĿǰƣߵĴӦжʮʮ֮䣬ܷǼ׷
˵һ䣬佫һδ
ʱ䣬ݴ󶼻壬ѷ»һӥХͱҪֹͣ
ͣͣʱսʱֹѾкöˡ
ԭ׷ɱȥɱ˸ĴʳȴһһŹˡ
ˣȥɣ
̫ʮүˣֻһɥ֮Ȯİ˹֣ʮĴʳﹶӲдķˡ
ȸ˰֣ԥֹ
үѾ»Ҫ̰ð֮ʧС£Чɱ˶ԷıүԳֲжٱҲһӲˡ
ǣĩ
ϵ佫ĬƬ̣ܿ칪ĵ˵ͷ
ȻȻдҾ˵ģʮˣµļʮܱʲôˡ
ܿĬĬԭصȴţҲƬ̵ʱ䣬¡¡ԶԶȥһ̳纣һϯ
ˮ֮Уһ˾ս켫ĿֻսǰһĿϿʵ꣬һư磬籩ĵ۹󽫣
μݴ󶼻
壬ƵĴ׷ޱȡ
Ȼʥ׷Ƭսϣȴϵľݴ󶼻λĴ󽫾֮ϡ
Σ
һƺƵһ㣬Զ
ϣһ˻ֻգ۵ʱ䣬ƥȸ˵ǰ
һһѪεʬɽѪдϡ֮ңԼⳡҵĴƺʹʳ֮սڵ壬ȻȻ˵ݣȴǳۺƴա
ֹ֮䣬ȻȻ¶һȺ۵ıԪ˧ʡ
ϵƣĳ̶ֳϣλ˳̵ϴս֮ȶѷɫ١
ڻܹ̫׺ʹ˾֮֮У³֥˼˳ȵ۹պĴ󶼻ڣѾ֪۵£Ϊհ
үһ˹ѾɹɺǵõϢ̫ս֮󣬴ʳ۹õϢѾ൱ۼ׼Ǿһս
ȸϥأЩǡ
ϵıµôõӪȸĶĿѾ鲼ܱʳڶ൱̽ӡ
ȻƵıûоɺǴʳеĶȸС
ʳ۹뺷Ů˺СȫԱҲǴʳսܹ׳󵽽գΪǿߵԭ
ȻսҲǿΪѵأֻȴƵһ㣬㹻࣬ȻܹԴɼв
ǣ𣿡
ֻһЦ˿Ϊ
ʳһֱôʳš֮ĳƺţҲֻǶҶԣ˵ѵصҲֻһȺں֮ڣһ
ȥɣٹ⣬Ұŵôˣ
үһжѾ׵ֻүһ
ȸͷ
ܺãǰɣֵǰγʳˣ
һ˵ţһ̧ͷԶƽߴһѹѹĳǳأΡȻӳ
ɺ
ʮͿٴηɺˡ
󣬾Ǵʳ۹ΣƵ۹ǰδев۹ֻҪһղܵƽʳǿĹȣƾͻ᲻ϵܵ´ʳвͬսͻ᲻ݣҲƣڱ
Ǵƻܹ̫֮岻ϧʦԶһ·׷ȫĪ׷ԭ벻˵ԭ
ܹӴĵ۹ǽʷǰĴͣ˶Աʷˣ
սգ֥Ӻ󷽲ͬһĳ
ʳΪս񣬸֥ʮ꣬붼
ʳ۹̫ǿˣô֥㾡еıе޷顣
ڣڻ˹̫׺ʹʳ۹֮ȴͻȻÿˡ
ζһҪʳһݵհ취ֻҪܹﵽһ㣬ƲܹĻʮϰİ
ʱҲˡ
Զ뿪ǴɣҲֻϲʵ֣һʮʮȫǿﲿӣ鶼ˣʲôǲģ
߰ɣ壬ֻҪ˵˶κε顣
³ں󷽵
仰岻ʧЦ
߰ɣ
һ£쿪ѸٳԶĺɺȥ
ɺУһƬţܾجģ۹ȴûзո£ı͸ɺ󷽣ʳĸʡ۵ЩܵٻĴʳ


1912 ⳥
ʳս֪֮սܣҲ˿ûͶļƣһҪƾһսơ
Ϊʥڱ𣡡
ɱˣ
Ϊ˱һս

ɺĳǳĴʳۼһһл䵶ǹŭǺֱͶ
Щ˿ĵط˹ڳǳصһǣųǳУȺ鼤ߣԽԽеȴûмٶ١
ʳζľʧ룬㽫㱻¾һգս˸ࡣ
л۵ʮбܽټϸѯɺУҲѾۼ߰ʮĴ˹ֵжٰοࡣ
ҺɺǸǽһıݣ˹Ҫɳȫһ飬ҳеİȫǳعأʱԺʹ࿹⡣
ֻҪʮ£˾ù£ȻҲȴˡ
ܶˣ﷢ţʳѾޱãܶΣһҪסƣδӹٰݾ˾ǴʳĹ
˼ʱһͷƿշɹֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һɺפصĴʳ壬һţܿ켱ǽͷͷеŵݹ̬
ʳĹ壬һ۸ڶڰ˹ǰ˵ͷֻǴʱ˿̣˹һ㶼˲
ҰĲҪǰԵؿµĽǺףȴĴʳܶ۹֮
۹İΣȫϵһ˵ļϣ뵱ʳǺεȵǿʢƮҡȻ䵽ֵز
һɲǼ䣬˹ипѡ
ͻȻЩڣ治ôǰ
۹Ĵˣ
˹ֿͻȻڵ
۹һаã˲عֻ谲ĶԸ˾ͺˡ
̧ͷһɫ
ʱ򣬻Ҫ𣿡
˹̾Ϣһڵ
ˣֺαء
ʳ廹Ҫϣԣ˹ޱȣƬ̣ڻ˵˳
ˣ۹ڵĴȷʵʥս۹սܣ۹ܱߵС֮ǰĵطʼ壬۹ӦӲϾҲû˿취
˵ͷǰܲѡ
ǿʢ˥ֻһ֮䣬ڵĵ۹⻼ӦӲϾ
ףеԴԴһս˹̾ϢѾ˵κλ
ųƵ۹ǿܶҲް취
ǰΣ̽Ƶ𣿡
˹һתͷԵһ١
ԭսʮˣ󵹸꣬뵽˴Ƶľӣźɺ
ʱ㣬ֻƬ̾ͻϵɺˡ
һĸ٣
ⷬ˹ľþ˵
ⳡʳսУʳռžԵƣڴơɺˣټЩڵĴѾﵽӽڱϷ˰˹֣ϳдӴʳʡҲֻȶѡ
¡
˵ʱʱ죬гʱԶضҡ
ণһХԶֻգ۵ʱ䣬ӥȸԶд籼ӿľһ㣬ڿкȻвٴʳľ
¡¡սڣȺ·̳Уֻʱ䣬ǧĴһźɺӿ
ǵأȵĴ˹Ƥһʱࡣ
ǿףһҵĴս˭뵽һıû֮֮ǰӵĺ˿¡
ˣ
֪ɺУԭȵĺɱҲ˲ʧȻдЩо˳Щ
ɺǶʱţһƬ
ˣ쿴
ʱ򣬰˹ԵĸͫһͻȻָǰĴһ
˹ŤͷȥһۿһϤӰƽУüĿǰ˹ǵľݴ󶼻壡
˹㻹Ͷ𣿡
ʱһףԶûȵ˹ֿڣŰڣؿռ䣬һ˳ǽϵİ˹֡
쵰
ۺ죬ⷬͷһʳ佫۾Ѫ죬ⷬôʳ˵ġ
Ȼͨⷬѹɺдʿҡġ
˵ĴɱһٶĴʳʳ۹ĳˡ
Ȼǽϣ˹ֻǴ˸ƣܿƽϢ
󶼻ѾӮˣαٿƣƵ۹ʳңԶһΣдȣʳҲΪ˸˴ۣԸȥʳԸͺãǩЭ෸
˹ݳ㣬һ˵һ߾̺֮С
һǺ
Ǻǣʱ˵̫𣿡
֮սʳʮٳµʱΪʲô˵ⷬңڵĴʳ˿𣿡
˵ЦǼ
һκɺ֮սڱѩлɱ˴ʳһٶĴķòǩ˺ƽЭ飬˫ԼսֻǱʳ֮ˣ˺١
ʳų֮սΪ٣ﻹ˿ԡ
ԶǽϣⷬǰѾԤϣ˹лǲһƬء
ֺαؿƣ
ʳľӢѾڶȫսڵĴʳȣѾԴû˿вֺαؼ׷ţӾȥʱҲԺǰһƴʧ
Ŀһô⣡
ִʳҲѡ񣬾˵һֻʯ٣Ϊ鲻Ϊȫ
˹ֳͼֲ
ϲ﷢»ֻҪͬ⣬ʳƶʮƽ𣬱ϴεĿҪĶ࣬ŴǱҲһ⡣
һӾȥôʳɽ𣬾𣿰˹֣㻹ǲҪĻˣ
ҡҡͷЦ
δ䣬ֱһ´˽
ȫǰ
¡¡Ƶľӣɺ˵ľӣټϴʳܱߵľӣеĴƺƵźɺ˹ֱַĻᡣ

˹ֳ̾һ֪һսѾ޿ɱˣвһ̾ܿ죬Ŀͱüᶨ
ȥ׼ս
ʲôս֮սִҪҲһ뾡취ִꪳɳ
䣡
ڰ˹¶սʱһ˻ͻȻԶĵط


1913 ٴʳ۶

ͻȻԶ̳һƥɫţԼٶȳﱼ
ˣˣǳȫܵɺ˺ܱˣαװ֧Ԯܼʮڳ
ʲô
ⷭ˹ֻꡣ
ɺˣ
ܱˣ
ѵ˵۹㼯ʱ򣬺ɺ˺ЩΥ۹壬ıѾˣһУȵƵ۹ʱһ
Щ쵰Ϊʮ˾ܺǣǳлʮͼʮأұѵ۹ɱǣ
˹ԣפɺĴʳ˫Ѫ죬ɱݣŭе
ʳսܣֵõЩСϷŪ
ˣҴȥͳͳ𣡡
Χһ佫ͬŭɫ
˹ֻڳ˼ʱ򡪡
䣡
ͻȻ֮䣬𶯣һĸӳŴ˹һһȺ˷׷Ťͷÿһ˶ģ׳ĸغɺ޴ĳϡ
ɺĳȫõ죬һ渽˽ССĳţȫǳẕ̇ݵķȥӹ̵ġ
ңٴռɺΪ˷ֹٴα˹ƣʳѾгŽ˴ӹ̣ܶԷʹʲôֶΣܹƺɺĴš
Ǿ˵Ŀ⣬һ̺Ŀֲ޴ĸðݣҴִļȻţֱӴ͸һࡣ
ȸľ
һʳ佫ԶԶˮħԻƣһϣʱʲô
֮ս˶ʶƵ۹ֶԸ޵ľûôֲҲû⻨ƣȸеȻħơ
ȻӲҲܵסȸ¸ٶҲûá
ˣ
һɲǣ˹ͬΧ佫Լʳڣȫ˳ż֧ķԶ
ֻǾ͵ĳ󣬾ޱȣƼʿĻ£ųš
ԶʿƵ۹ææµµæŽ˵һװڶܾͳ
һɲǣ˹ֵһĳˮס
Щֲľͳ󣬵󣬾ȻǿԲжװģ
׼Щһսڿս֮ǰѾԤ˽յĳ˳׼
ƥѩԱϵ꣬ڤڤУ˹ԺһͷжȻޱȡ
褣һ̣˹Ҳζӣ˵ĸо
ţ
Զһ䣬һֻȸ־۵糸صײںɺߴĳϣһٴδݣͬʱٴαһ󶴡
Щȸÿһֵǣȸ־ҪķѴȸֲϡ֧ۼﵽǧƽ֮ޣܹҲ֧ѡ
Щȸ־Ըޣò󣬽ĸҲɱͷѣ޾ſԶֹͷ
ǣԸʳ۹ЩߴĳţȴܷӳЧ
Ҫǣ׼ȷģɲֹĸȸ־
𣡡
һ춯أֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һͷɽ޴ӰڴǰվԳŨܵԳëӣ׳ֱĴţޱȡ
ǽվԳɺһƬ𾪣߸ߵĳͷдʳ佫ɫѿѡ
ЩԭǴʳ۹ԸƵģһսʤƾӾͿʹþ޹ǣ˭Ҳû뵽ʳսܣЩУ˶ԸʳĹ
𣡡
Ƭ֮ŽվԳɽȭݺںɺߴĳϣĸȸ־ϽվԳԵı¡𶯣̳УɺǴ˽Ӵصڵϡ
һɺһƬţд󳼼Ҫͣˡ
ɱ
ɱ춯أֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ǧĴӿĳˮ㣬µĳţӿɺС
һ̶ʱڣɺӴĳţȺȫ£Ĵӿ롣
Ϊ˴ʳ
ʳͶ
Щͽɱ

һűƣܵУ˰˹ִʮбܽʶ˵ĿֲǼʮӦٶ֧Ԯʳеԣһ˻ţ䵶񱼣޾⣬ǰĴȥ
֮ͬʱҲȫԱս֮
ΡӢηҲܰ˹ֺЩʳжôĲʣôҪ赲ˣԴѹԵƣҲֻѻʯݺ
һʼǵĽ־Ѿע
ţ
պɽֱһӣ󳵲ӣֳһһţСһܼܳ󣬲ƽһɽХĺһХ
棬Ĵʳûпոĵ󣬳ķ׷׵¡
ɱ
ƽѸٺʹʳ˽սһ𣬶ܱǰǹںཻͬĴʳ˶ʱɱһƬܡ
ʱԴѹԵƣǳڣʳ˳ױºˣصʬ
˰˹ִСִʳͻΧͨɺĳţȹ׷׺֧ӻ˴ʳڣĴʳڣҪôͶҪôնɱǳٶС
Ѫսںɺʱٴ磬Ƭ½أʳ۹̻̲־岻ѡ
еĺɺϲҹļ尾֮ڻܴʳʹƵİ£ٴշ˺ɺ
ɺһս֮󣬴ʳʧʮǧ֧Ԯʬ鲼Уʧȥ˺ʹƿ
û˿ԥȴԽɺ׷׺ӣֱƴʳ۹͸ȥһ·ϣдſںţҪΪʥڣԼ˾ĸɱȫ˴Ƶ۹¡
ƵľӣټϸѶͶɰͺķ磬ѩһԽԽࡣ
һ·ӵأ޵С
֮Ĵһ·ǳأڵִ˴ʳ۹ĵ۶
ǰ͸𣿡
ƵʹһƽսףѾĴϣǰǸƵİ͸
ȻϱӶǿ۹ĵ۹жţҹ֮ǡŸ׹Ϊˣ廹ǵһʶʳ۹ĵ۹
͸󡢹ȻͬһԲεĳ¥ƣһּΪ𺳵Ӿ
ƳԸ£һǳ֮У;ۼ˽ӽ֮ڵ˿ڣĪġ£ⷽܺƵ۹ԾʦᲢ۵ģҲֻǰĲҹǣ͸
ĳ̶ֳϣ͸֮Ƶ۹ĹҪ


1914 ʳ飡
̫ڻʵۻܹ˵ˮۣܸۡĻҲɹĹλǴʳ۹Ƕרᣬɱᣬ˵һ֮ɹְֹû
ֶרᣬʹõ۹﷢Ľȫ˿Ǩ۶
ټϴʳ۹۵ĲƸӵأռӴƸպĿĲҹ֮ǡ
ʱ˿̣ųƾۼ˿ڵĲҹУȴһƬš
ǳš
ʱˣ
ǰ΢΢۾ͻȻڵ
Լʱ䣬һѾˡ
ȸ
ȻԼʱѵķǲ׼Ͷˡ
׼ǰɣ
һյң³ĿһƥͷӺ
ϵѪζŨޱȣһ·³Ѿǵɱˣ˶ٴССսˣʱѼеɱ⡣
ֹдƾ϶һŨûɱ
͸Ǵʳ۶ͶҲ֮Уһһ·ӵأǿйư͸ռ۹׼
֪֮ͨͳ׼⣬ȽվԳֺд׼ǳء
˰֣ɫᡣ
ǣ
ȸܿȥ
ֻƬ̣һ̶ĸӺͬһʱ䣬վԳ׷󣬳Ű͸Ƿһŭ
˹֮սʱΪԭƵĵһͷԳξûþˣڻܴ˾֮󣬵õӴ֪ʶԾĿѾﵽ뻯ĵزѾٳ֮ǰֺ֢ˡ
˽վԳİڵĴˮ°͸ǽ߳Ǻ񣬱֮ɺǻҪӲҲ塣
һ£
˵ʱʱ죬ս¡¡Ѿ׼ǵʱһͻȻӳŽյİ͸д
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬˵ĿУһ˰ͻȻ𣬳ڰ͸Ǹ߸ߵĳǽϡ
ȱ֣ǹ﷢ԸͶ
¡
δ䣬͸յľ޴ͻȻ
˵ĿУһȺʳĴ󹫡Ű죬԰ɫӶĳ߳
Ⱥ󹫡Ȼ޸֮ʳ۹ȴָʹ߸ϡƽʱµ۹ڲЩرܶܶǣҲҪη֡
ֻǴ˿̣ԱٳµĴƴЩʳ󹫡Ҳûĸ߰һͷ­ʹɫ㷣ֲ̿
͸һƬžá³˿һۣ΢΢Щ졣
ǶѾһ๥ս׼Ͼһ·⵽ֿ̫ˡȻûжԴʲô˺ΪķͶ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽͸ôˡ
ʲôˣķأ
ĿһΪ׵ʳ󹫵
Ϣŭͼ£ǴʳȨ󹫣¾ں棬˵ֻҪ˵ԸʳͶƣ
ͼɫ԰ף촽
仰岻ʧЦ
İɣķͬ󣡡
֮ǰѾյʥʵţУʥѾеȨɲþ
ʥںʹ˾սĴʳʿսʳ۹ѽȣһķ
л
仰ͼԼĴʳ󹫺͹壬һɴ⣬һ
ˣȥ߱£ѾӦˣ
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬ڼٵӵ£ķϻ﷢λۣĴţ
Ķͷ亹ܣĲһ֣˵ϣĽ¡
ķ
һ̵ķޱȡ
ΧƵļͷһ㵣漴ģǼ
ķҰĲԳΪʳ۹ʷΰľⳡʷǰĺƴǵ󣬷ǴƱٳ£˰͸ķͶǰ
һδ̫Цͷˡ
ķֳ֮սᾴֻ֣û뵽Ҳһ̰
ߣ̫׺Ǹ˾ǰˣ
˼
˵ķʵĲѣľʵʿĺ֮£˼ͶҲѡ
ʥǾԸɲģ
Χû˵ֻ΢΢˵ͷȻҲͰ˼Ҳӵͬ뷨
ʵҲǲˣʳ۹﷢λͨѪͳУǣܷƾҲ²Ĵ󽫣սսʿ߶ûˣȻҲʧȥе̣
ǰ˼˳ѵõΪ˵һ仰
ķһּ
ҪķĴãʱһŮӵͻȻĶС
壬ס֣
δ䣬һӰŰɫɴͻȻȺһѱסķ
һ˫鶯壬˿ȴǱ
壬Ƶ۹ѾʤˣҲӦͶѾˣǻҪ𣿡
˵գ۾һգգĶ塣
Χһ˲䰲³˿ǰŮӣ׷üͷ
ǰŮӣ˶ӡʱͻȻ˳סķʵЩͻأ
壬ʶ𣿡
󣬻³ڣһԵ塣
Էֱ֣Ӧúʲôϵ
û˵ͬüͷ΢ǰŮҲûʲôӡ
ܿ죬
ǰǣʳ۹ѵӪĹ
֮սƾһǧȸֽѫıǳذܵս֣Ҳ˸ҵ䷢Ĵʳע⡣
ʳҪ͵ȡȸܣʧˣ취ɳλǹѵӪһӽԼҪַͨʽȡȸܡ
֪ЩԿܹ
Ҳ֪һЩʳ۹ͻڶ࣬λҲɼ޷ܵ۹ʹ
ԭǴʳ۹ļǾͲˣ
һԣĻ³˰֣佫ǰҪѰѺȥ
ֵйļ³ûʲôøС
棬佫һ㳯Լ˹ȴȻ޾壬ĿɶŶ塣
壬о˵ҲҸȻսܣҲȻȻǵʤ֮Ҳչǳ㲻
ֱͦţһɫ
ף
ⷬϣλƵľͷ׷ײĿ̫ٱöɵÿһۡ
˭Ҳû뵽ƬԶƵĵ֮֮ⷬԣȻ˵Щײ࣬˶оĳλʳĹڲˣҲһҪȳĸס


1915 ʳ⣡
ǸɾŮӣ°ɣ
ð˰֣佫
ĵһˣȵˣֵ𾴡
ȥɣ
ʱҲʧЦ
ƲǴʳĵ֮ûбҪĸʣҲûС
ģ
Ƕ̧ͷ
Ȼ
һ˵ţһǰ
ֻô֮ҪˣһۣҲǲܵģ
˵һ죬ķϡ
䣡
˵ⷬʱɫȻ漴һһɰķڣ˲ƻеľ˳ĵ
ķȻʵҲ΢ǰǲ˲ֹһ㡣
ķϣһ̱ڵϣһԵİȴһԸĹζŸĻˡ
ķһѾΪʳҪίһˣ
һӣǰķѺһԡ
Ȼֲб޵ˣҲĴ֮ʵˣʳ۹δƽķǸʱըɱпһֵңɱҲᱻãÿڴƵС
ǹģһ㸸ʰɡˣ
׵ķһӣһٶĴƺƵʻµĴʳ۹֮С
ңƵľӣдʳ۹Ĵ󹫹׷׵ͷη壬η˼㡣
ʱ⻹ǵһʳ͸ӣ
ڴʳڰĵһ죬ڴƣȴԻ͵һ죡
Ƭ֮󣬵崩ǳأʳԻ͵ķ䣬ɲǼ䣬ƾӱһ쳹صĻ
ж˲ʤˡ
һʷǰľжݵʷϣǴƵľӵһγԽ򣬷Խ룬ͨͺɺһռһӴĵ۹
ػʻǺ䣬йĹ
һģʷľ޴ʤ

䣡
Ļ쳹͸

ڶ죬ʳͶܱʮƾռ͸ڴʱһϢܿ촫
ˣǷִʳ˵ıˣ
͸֮У壬ã³չһŴʳĵͼֽôӹʳ۹ԼʱȸɫҴң˷ܵ˽
ˣ
ȸĻͻȻһ˷׷׿˹

忪ڵǰܻ䡣
֮սƺķӾޣʣǮټսʿĸ漰ʮⲻһСĿ
ƷٸϾǴʳõĹңڲ˵ͬ
һŷսսôĴۣôĳɹȴգ޹Բġ
ʳǿ׳ս˵һ֣Ʊ֮
ʳĹУһ·Եأ֪ղ˶ٵ۹ĲƸǧ۵ĲƸȫ뵽˴ʳС
һӴģŵĲƱɺ֮սʳҪʮƽ𣬽ɣܿ͹ˡ
Ǹʱ֪ʳ۹ĲƸԼĻҪĶࡣ
õʱأڴ˵һջ񣬲ֲսеĸֿգģṩĸ𣬳ʵ⣬䣬еİ棬һƵĹҲǲܵġ
ռ͸֮һʱ䰲ŵ񣬾Ҫҵʳر⡣
ʳϵ¶ʸڷϣֻ˵еĲƸѹεˣڵĴʳʣ޶࣬Ը⣬ǻ㾡ȫճƽңΪƵ
ⷬƭƭ˻ԣǾƲŵġ
Ҳǵ˼۹ǧ۵ĲƸѹһգܹġ
Բ˵պжɽִʳԻ͵Ļᡣ
ֻֻᣡ
شˣĵصףʮĵطʩ˽ƣ̽鲻ҲǷ˺ܴĹҵ
ȸ
߰ɣ
˵ܿվ
䣡
ɫĴŴ򿪣˽뵽ʳı֮Уһ̩ȻԴ̫ٱãһ̶¶˾ݡ
֮ǰ֣׼֮УĿѻɽԼĲƱ˻Ǹо𺳡
˼飡ĸɵй
ۼţʳ˾ȻӴĲƸ
壬ΪʲôҪ͸ˣ

ǰ磬ÿ˶оǰδеľ޴
Ƶ۹ɣӵд解ɺƣȻǰıȫԶ㡣
лŴģֽƽڣƱȨȡණ涼ԿŹϵ֡
һ·ǰдĻƽ䣬һ·ѵ滹д貵ĸֱʯ
Щıʯͬһ㣬⡣
һ·ǰܵıͬɳһ㡣
׼壬һҲòϣʳ⣬еĻҪḻӴĶࡣ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ŀɨеһǣһţˣһͭ״ĹϾƱС
ɺ˵ı
忴Ϥɺ֣˳
ʮǰʳ˻ɺǵӿ룬ɱӣҲͬʱɺб
Ȼıȫķղص
⵽ӶĻԶֹɺССĹѾ׵ˣڵļ󶼱ĨȥǵıҲͬ
ˣ
һ̣һľ糱ˮһӿ⡣
۾һգƬ֮
⣬еıܼӦڵƽļֵȻ解ɺ䣬ԼŴļֵ޷㣬ҲѶ֣ǳȥЩĻƽƷĽ𶧣Ҳнӽʮҡ
ˣ
Ļá³֥۹ͷж¶ϲɫɺЩô̫ܹЩˣڣǻƽȴǿֱʹúͳʵġ
ʮƽ
ڴ˵ֲεģҿԻĻرˡ
žһԡ䡱;ӵңգٶԾжκε顣
̫ˣ壬жֹȥһУԱʷᣬõջҲԷΪˡ壬ж޺ˣ
֥ɫ죬һ˷ܣ·˾һ
ǰһУһӶŵĳɾͣ
Ǹ壬ˡ
ȸ׼һ£һ⣬رʥʣһиʥʡ⣬Ŵ׼һ˻شƣʵ⣡
ֻһЦܿ쿪ڵ
ϴβֳͬʱ廹Լ˲ٻƽ𡣵ڣƽʥҲѾ¸ЩƸѾûκεıҪˡ
ңʳȥĸ֮ҲûбҪƸȥսˡ
һɲǣһֳһĸо
ţ
ʱһĻعŤͷ˱⾡ͷһĶ


1916 δ֮
Ǽ￴Ǻۣ廹һע⵽ΪģΪһıַʹʳȻͬ
ৣ
һ㣬ǼıӦɳ뵽С
ôˣ
ע⵽ĶҲ׷׾£˹
УŵһöᣬչһǰʱڵĹŻ
ֵֻǣͨеģҪǣʳ۹Ļ죬ΪΪʳʵۣһ߰ķղֻϰߡ
޵Ķô
ʱôӺŰϵһˮεı־΢΢üͷ
ݵղؽеֵ֮ģһЩղؼΪ˱ʾԼղص黭ѰƷǷƷ
ͬʱҲΪ˷ֹ͵ȥֻһЩ΢Сӡǡ
õ꼱֮ǰͳ±ȥݣҲһЩźʹղؼʢ֪
õĻжǿһڵɲǼ䷢΢ı仯
ث󶼻𣿡
˼Ӻڵ
ثĵ̣Ķֻ׾ܹ뵽ث֡
ثԸ͵۹Ĵ󶼻󽫾ͬ޷·Ȼƺʹʳڽս״̬˽£ثķʲôҲ˾֡
ܵģ
ݺңԶثܴӴʳʲô
Ҵʳ˴ѹثҲӦףʱķζʲôҲ顣
֥ڵһء
ثֻķıУС˵˵ǺܾǰʳʹƳͻ֮ǰثʹʳ۹óĶ
˵ͨѹﲻ⣡
ҪʥУֱժȥñΪҲǿܵġ
ֻǸ֥ث飬֮Ȼ٣ԹϽ˴ݣǸ֥ţΪ۹󽫣ҪȨثôҲ顣
ͨѹС£һʱ֮˶˵ˣ΢
ৣ
ʱͻȻâһһָֽӰл
ͻȻı仯˵ע⡣
ಣ
Ŀһ£ʳжָһ죬߿İɫֽûڵϣ㵹ɶָ֮С
һɲ˿ɫֽϣŤŤдһ֣Ȼ֣Ǵʳ۹֣ôҶЩ⡣
дʲô
³΢΢üͷʵ
ڴʳ֣һϲͨ
δ֮ʳ
һƬžУǸ֥üͷݡ
һԱϣ·һžʯ£˶ǻ𣬶¶ŭɫ
δ֮
ֻ֮һ֪ʥʱ£
ˣǺôĵӣ
³ɫ࣬˫ȭգŭޱȡ
ڳĶĴ󽫾󶼻ݶһŶ𶯰˷̩ɽȻ˸δ֮ʳףֱΪﲻˡ
Ѿͼı죬ͼ췴ˣ
ϲ飡
³ŭ
ѾܾûгֹˣʥǧһۣΪʥʻ߾֮ϣѾͼ죬ͼı췴ˣֱʮ⣡
壬㿴ʲôˣ
ʱһ𣬴³Ļ
öŲԶ壬ͻȻڵ
һ仰ʱ˵עȫϡ
Ҳʱ˲ͻȻ֣ʱڵİửȻ巢ֵģǴӸոյڣһֱûô
˫ü壬΢ͷһ˼ӡ
󶼻βĩӡ£ʶ𣿡
ͻȻ̧ͷڵһ仰˴㵲ѡ
˼˳Ҳһȣ˼˳Ҳ֪ô˵棬ôʱԭһ̣˼˳˹ȥ
֮ǰʱûע⣬ʱϸָİɫֽĩβһɫķָСϸСӡ¡ϸϸȥʵһɽεͼ
û
˼˳ϸƬ̣漴ҡҡͷ
ϸĿŰ˼˳ɫαܿջֽ
֪ˡ
嵭
ɫƽû˿ɲ
ɽ
ֽĩβӡ£˼˳ʶȴʶǡɽ˵ս֮ɽ
ͬʱҲǺڰɽϲ־
ɽɽ״һĸı䣬廹һ۾˳
һʳ֮Ĺ֮սôû뵽﷢ӡǡ
δ֮ʳ˲֪ʲô˼ȴˡ
Ӳ֪ɽĴ־ȻôԶû⣬ⳡս֮ǰɽѾͼʳ۹ͼ֮ˡ
Ȼ֪飬Ը߰ӵаֵķȻ̫ƵλԳƵġδ֮λһʼû뵽ġ
ոһЩ飬˰ɡ
嵭һ仰ոյ赭дĴ
﷢νġδ֮ĶҲܲ飬ȸϱȥһķⱦﵽʲôʹʳ޹ص飬ķ
ǣˣ
ȸԥ
ٱˣǱ׽ˣһ⣬棬Ͱһ£Ǽǳɲᣬλ˹ĿȻ󾡿ʦ

š
ԥƬ̣ڵ˵ͷ
ӽڵĲƸСģҹζ֮࣬ǾʲƸδ⽫δǧĴ£
˼ȥһаͰ࣬ܿȥ
Ȼתɲǣûж˿üһ˿
ɽ
δ֮
Ѿеʲôزˣ˵ѾᣬثҲѾѹסˣ
Σʲô¡
ɽǳٴμģڣһΣ㲻Ļᣡ
΢Уͫӹһ˿˵ɱ
Ȼֻһ˲еһб㶼ʧˡ
ɽ£ȵȥ֮ٽ֮Ǿ顣

֮󣬽ʳ۹͸鰲׵ʳʥǹºնǰ壬ã֥³һʳĴ£Ǹʧľ޴ǰ
ѵ˵̫׾淢ֲշͷħ𣿡
֥üͷǰ߰һֱһʮ׵ģĺͽƵľ޴˼
֮սͷħ˶˼ӡжԸħİ취롣
ռ͸֮´ĵһǷķն࣬ѰͷħԴ
ֻǣ֥Ҳû뵽ȴָ⴦
ⲢǸ֥һμˣǰ˹֮սҲںɺĵ£ֹŰżҵõ˰֮飬֪ʮħϢ
ֻû뵽ڴʳ۹ʥǣºնĵ£ȻҲһ
һʧͷħȫ


1917 ݾµ
ȷʵ죬űһۿ
ʳͷ
ˣ
䣬һӴľͻȻƿն͵ھ޴֮Уȴˡ
֮ǰɺż֮У֮ʯ֧֮ա֮ûʲôˡ
ָоһҲջ
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬üͷ
ôô
˴˾ľľѾﵽһΪֲĵز۷ˮ׼ˣǰľ̽ǧףȻûеͷ
ֹֹԽǰҲԽǰٶҲȥ
ǿľƣ
΢΢üͷ
ķķչҪȶԶĶ࣬٣ﵮһʿӴ˾ĺܶྫ֪ʶǸ
žӵǿľƲ˾ȣֻһ޷̽鵽ʲôˡ
ޣ۲쵽ʲô𣿡
ͻȻͨеޡ
̫Զ̫ܸоڹž棬ȷʵЩ
һţƬ֮Ժкܿ޵
ս֮ʮ˵ľѾǳǿ󣬵Ҳһܵ澫ƵӰ졣
ȥɣ
üͷ˼Ƭ̣ȥ鿴
һ£
ڴʱһͻȻ³һ죬ͻȻס壺
ʲô˭ҲȱȥҲ̽˵㣬Ҽˣȥ̽̽·
һ仰³תͷ·ĴʳĹ塣
ԣʱ˹
Щʳ˵׻ʲô˼˵Ĵ·ԸǶ˵
ңȻħֲֿ¾ʲôɽʤĶ츣أֻ»ʲôգɼȥ̽·ҲǺõġ
ʱ˿ѾɲЩʳܾˡ
ˢˢ
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ʳ佫ųһһ·Ӿڽȥ
ϵžǾĵģ˶ûзŹκεϢ
ûʲôˣ
³عͷһۡ
ķԸѾǧ׵ľ룬ֻܸĿ̽ȥ佫ȴûʲôӰ졣
˽ȥôöû£Ȼǰȫġ

³䣬һĲҽͻȻӹž´
һգ۵ʱ䣬һɣž¶ʱϢ
һɲսͣ˵鶼
ʳɳ佫л侳ϵΪ˽žôûϢһ㷴ضûУȻžĻҪΣա
ȥ
Ŀһ׼ž
壡
ûйϵʱգܹסҵѾˣʲôΣգҲܹ£ʱ
嵭
ⷬƽƽȴһɰΪѾﵽ΢ԶԶԽڳĵ۹󽫣ħС
˵ģܹвĶȷʵǲˡ
³ĬƬ̣ûֹ
ಣ
һһԽžѸٽ뵽档
žһƬڰֲָҼڣҲû֪浽ж
彫ɢȥڹžһ㣬Ȼľ۷Ѹ½
ף˰ףһǧף
½ٶȺܿ죬ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬뵽˾£ǧ׵ľ룬ѾѾûκһĹԴˡ
Ƭ̺ܿӻȡһԲγεҹ飬У½ȥ
ǧס
ȣ
ɫ΢Եĸܵһˣӵ
ǧף
ǧף
ڵִĩˣ˹е¶Ѿʮȣ֮ǰ̽·Ĵʳ佫ʧġ
ѾԸܵһǿľƣڸԼľ֪
󷨵
΢΢üͷԺһͷ
ѴҪľƣͱһصȫƻһҲ޷̽ˡ
ô컯Ӵڣڻ̶棬һ߾ĸ֪ܣһ߽еĩˡ
ܹžһƬڰǽҹĹ⻪廹ǿ
ִĩˣԭһѾȫɢ
ĩ˵ĵط룬·йһ㡣
ˣ
һɲǣͫһӿһǿҵΣոУܹžʲôħǰ嶼κε֡
Ǵĩ˵ǷǱйĽ
ণ
ʱһХ̵öĤͻȻӹžڵķǰ
Сģ
ͬһʱ䣬޵ĴԺд͸һ˿š
ͣ
˵ʱʱ졣
ǼХԶûпǾߵĵطһĺâϢȴԾ˵ٶȳն
һƲǿ󣬵ǸĸоȴΣգҪһ۹󽫡
ΪԸоóԷʹһķţһѵصĿֲȫȻем֮ϡ
һУҲһֵס˲ͻ촦
նݣ
û˿ԥʩչ£һ˸ʧ
ͬһʱ䣬巴һƣͬŶԷ˹ȥ
䣡
һĳôľΪȻҲĿˡɽĿصĺϣڶʯϷ
ÿٶȣ
ƤһĿʱ˲١
Ϊﵽּ𣬶Լÿһ˿ÿһﵽ˾ϸ΢ĵزôľ룬ҪķǶԷٶȱҪ廹ҪС
ѾܾûôµĶˡ
ˣ
ͬʱϣ֪ص״𵴣³˶ɫޱ䡣
ǿҵ𶯣
ǿˣ
ȥһ

ɫŵ
ȱ𼱣
ʱһӶдֹˡ
ֻ𶯶ѣҪᷢźŵġУΪߣţȫעӦ·״
óóȻȥ²ﲻΪ׸Ӱж
ó
ԶʱĬˡ
ھδ¿ռСóóȻȥ°壬ҡ

ʱ˿̣ž£ͬһƬš
ͣ䣬ıնڼӲľϣ;еͻһĵۡ

һ˻һ˸ǵϢʧĸ֪Уٶȿò˼顣
ӡǣ
һɳơɬ·ܾûп˵ͻȻ𣬲һգۣǵϢѸʧ


1918 ʧػߣ
˻һݣͣ
ˣ
ڽݾ֮ǰܶžֹֻΨû뵽ػĻһˣߣٻ˵Ե
˵ļɬ̶ԷȻѾܳʱ䡣
ӡǡʲô
΢΢üͷ˼ȻЩͻأ廹ǺܿеĹϡ
⴦ŴżӦĳֽƾ֤̫ƾǸ˳Уû⵽Щġ
žƾ֤òġ
Ȳ˵ѹûмֶǹ̫ףѾը÷ˣƾ֤ҲѾڡ
岢ûп̫ã⴦Ŵżûƾ֤һҪȥ̽ġ
һ̣˼ֽ䱸ڽʱֵ׼Ѹŵ¶ȥ
һ·£ԽԽǹܵ¶ҲԽԽߡ
࣬뿪
֪˶ãǾٴδ岢ûڵ·ǸӰ
쵽ͷ𣿡
ԺпһͷһƬȻ
гһΣյϢǹΣոҲڲǿȴû˿ɣž½ȥ
Ƭ̣žڲʼ仯ԭֱͨɢڲռ׶α仯
ˣ
ϸΧʱһϸ΢ĿӶдͬһʱ䣬һȻͬķһпգԾ˵ٶȳϮ
䣡
еĳһɫԯڼ䲻ݷ֮ʵס˶ԷĹ
Ȼû巴һգۣԷٴʧ١
ͣ
û˿յǱȥֻһΣȴ屳бϷǷм⳯ĺն
䣡
ʣҫ۵Ľɫҫգʯ䣬ڳǱԯʥһ˶ԷУӴԷȥ
һͺûȵʽϣԷٴ֮ǰһʧˡ
ÿ죡
΢Ѿȥ׷ٶԷĹ켣ˣǹûʵһ׽
ٱҵĴնݿһ
а
նѧ˵ĹҲĿǰյ칦ʩչ£۸ϡ
û뵽ԷٶȾȻȴնݻҪ죬ǰûз
ƾһ㣬ԷԶв
ˣȴûзһ½ȥͬʱδ֪
˻
Ȼ룬Էƺŭˣзһֵ죬ͬʱӴ˶Ĺ
ͣХǱ污αпգ˲䳯巢Ĺ
䣡
ǰҡ£Էα任ÿһζϢһ˵λã֮ǰȫѰ
ֹ졢ݡ׼ƥйȫҪѨкȥֵʱƵᣬֻͨͨڿӴһɲǣŻᱬɽѰĿֲ¿ռ䡣
ֹĪĹʤһʱƣӦֻм֮ޡ֮
ҵˣ
֪˶ãоâһԷڡʵ硱Ρ
䣡
ֳԯʥնϱ׳磬ڶԷԼʱȻһŶԷݺնȥ
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ӴĹ£Էбԭ͡
һ˫ۿնƤ԰ףòյһۣעĿģȴץŵһӽ೤ľ޴αС
αֻǿһۣ͸оĿⶼҪпһ㣬󷢺
֮ǰľαС
䣬ֻһգۣԯʥǻԵǵأֻһУͽֵʯ㣬ݺ䣬¡һ·ڿ޴졣
֮ǰսУѾʹˡʵ硱ֻǶԷĹǳ죬λҲʱʱ仯ȫΥߵĹʽ
һֱȲ׽ԷĹص㣬նԷѭĹ㣬ͻȻ֣һٻܶԷ
һΣûбһΣӿ£ŵص׶ȥ
һ·£һȥһɰӿȻѾڵҽ
ӿҽ֮Уһ̵ҽʯɽӵص״һ鰵ɫʯϣ巢
һΣȻҶ㳯·ȥʱڵص׵Ҳ˶
£ӵصһ˸µɲǣ˻һѸ䵽һİɫʯϡ
Ʈ䣬վһʯϣûм׷ɱ
⵽ʲôװ죬ʹʳ˲ͬǵƤҰףòգѵ˵Щʧػߣʲôܹôã
Щ˺ŨȤ
ߣ
ʱ򣬶ι﷢һ˻ƵĺͣɢŨĵ⡣
ֻǵȻһЦɫ޾š
ͷһսҲͷǲߣֻ˵һЩ򵥵ԣ硰ӡǡͺЩӡǵԺһ
廹һ֮ͷϵϢǳ΢ͳ࣬ĳ̶ֳϼͬˡ
ͷιֳǿĵ⣬岢ôϣѾ˶ԷĹصƶʽͷѾвˡ
ˣ
ոǰͻȻ֮ܵʲôһ٣ɫٱ䡣
ܣʮĵطһ͵͵˻𣬲֪ʲôʱͷһģһֳ־УΧм䣬ƽ
ˣǰͷ˵ιڣһɹŨĺ͸ӿѸٽȫֻգۼ䣬ͷιĸ֪УٴαޣͬӰӰ㡣
ͬı仯ͬʱιϡ
ֹˣҽֻϢ䣬һͷͷƻ˵ľ޴ߴӹ̵ҽҷͷιĽ¡
˻
һͷһţһɽɫĻ纣룬¶죬ð档
һݣôһĸ֪УͷĽɫٴﵽ߰ǧȵĸ£¶ѾԶּǿв˺ˣ
ͷ졢ֲĹιټҷĻ࣬ʱžصγһΣյ塣
壬ôˣ
ʱһͷ
ȴ˲ɫǸ֥ǵʣڵص׳ûж֥̲סضˡ
ӵСʵ硱ӵдնݣͬʱΪִﵽ΢η壬Ǹ֥ǾδˣЩιʧأŪֱӰʳж


1919 Ӱħ
ȥΣգ
ʯ䣬ϸ룬嶸ͷһХ
ʱˣܿιͬһͷͷ޴ĻߣȫԾ˵ٶȳ˹
ۣʮͷһţһɹɽɫһ棬ǵأԾ˵ٶȳ
Ȼ߸ģι
ͣҫָľαдʿռ䣬Ա绹ٶȣͬķ弲ն
УֻҪгΡ
ɹˣ죡
ʱ޵ͻȻԺ
䣬˲ٳսףͬʱһ
ϣиϣս׵£ȫ
·֮սȴûֹͣݶĽײУһͷͷιʧȥĿ󣬲û׷ɱѸٳŶԷɱȥ
ֻһݶХԼ뵶֮ķĥһͷͷιĳŶԷնɱиȥ
ֻգ۵ʱ䣬ͨͨһͷͷι촦Էıгһһϣڵϡ
һͷͬˣϥһڵϣŨĺҲѸɢȥ
ӴľԼ츳ͨٴηЧ
֮ǰսʱ޾һֱͼѰιڣɹˡ
ˣҪļ䣡
ۿͷιҪҽͻȻڵ
ˣ
һ̣ԭˣҪȥιһͻȻסĹ򵹡
£ܿ䵽ͷιǰ
ƺĶֽȻͬҪǰ߾Ķ࣬Ҳʩɸ˺
ˣ
һ죬ͻȻͷιĺϣ۾âһ漴һɾѸٺ뵽ԺС
޵ǰͻƣ弸ûʲô谭ͷιĺȴһ˿谭
һϸСģֻ֥СģͼصĺϸΧȴһȦǿңĽ
֮ǰʱ̽鵽־ΪͿ޹أֻһЩļ䣬Ҿûȥˡ
ڴʱ޵Ժ
ɼ䣬ȫƾ츳ͨǿľʿʩĽû̫õİ취ֻܱȡⷽ棬
ùϵĽƣ
΢գ֪ܿȦʣһֹϵľִ֮Ѿʧ֪ǣڴ˾ļУ巴һЩ֮ϣƽķȻǺ
û˿ԥһ̣һľΪһģĵĽɫ⻷⻷һȻѸС뵽ͷιԺ֮С
飬ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ʹȦ֮ϣ˳һ϶˳Ľ뵽档
ǲʶ
Ժжһ˿ͷ
֮еļ֧ģҲǳĻңǹ⼸˵Ƭ
ʶ룬ܿͽӴһʶƬ

ͻȻһһ忴ӰһŰɫĳۣǵʹʳƣȴҲкܴĲͬ˵ʱּֿҲǴʳӹϡ
һȻڿƵιˡ
Ⲣʲôֻһѣ
˫֮䲻֪ʲôìܣǳķŭ
ۿ˫֣ʱ򣬻ȺͻȻֿѹһɴŮͻȻǰŮкᣬȻӿһıˡ
ɲǼ䣬ʲô

һ̣תֿʶƬ
һңǽϲһѣһ߾߰׹ʬ忴ʹ˻ţִ֫ѹһž޴ϡ
һʦģˣһУһӱϿ̻ʲôһдʣһɹڵģ䶯ţ·ӵճʴӵϵڣһ˿˿ĺҲɢͬɴһ㣬
Ӱħ
һǣͻȻֹ֪ιơ
һģػߵķţҴӵϵİ׹ʧӦúܸߣֻеһߡ˵ӵĲߡ
󣬱Ǹ֧ļ䣬ԽԽģ
֪˶ãһɣͷι˫Ŀ˵ڵϣһ
ƻ֮ҲƻάĹؼģڹʱ֮ԶŵȻҲʧȥ
ͷԶļңܹõϢǺܶ࣬ˣ廹ǷһЩõ
ǿص׵ײʲôܰɣ
˵ţܿƿնŵصҽһطݶȥƬ֮󣬾һԵشᵤڽ£Ȼһ̵ҽص̤ȥ
¡
һ̤£ʼʱֻǼĹҽһ̣ضҡһҵĺӵص
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ҽֿһֱа׶ĽԲĴӵϵȥ
ʮ־ĻƣۼҾɲǣ¿ռնٱ䣬ƺһӰε죬ԭڵҽҲƽࡣ
ûͣ編ƣڹž棬׶εص׵編ʩΪһ춯صľ죬ĸƣ״СһȴͬĽԲǰҷֱռݶϣϣĸλ
飡
һһģһǵĻһ̴غһɹɰ罭һӿȣ뵽˵ص׵ĸ֮С
ܿ죬ĿУĸΪģһӴĻɫѸٳͣеܵĹҽȫΧż
ĿɨصףܿڻĹϷһŻ
ѾʧЧӦǹ̫֮ǰصףµĺۼ
а
ȻΣȻ岢ǵһִķÿ͡
ЩػߣûиоʲôΣգһݣѸŻϵǵԲ뵽档
ݾصһƬȣ޴ڣǵ崩ϵŻ뵽棬ȴһƬˬ
һŴżӦòǸŴĶ
а
һߴӿл£һһţеҹУܡ
һ޴ĵ¶ߣͨ嶼һļӲʯ죬ʯ֮һ󷨼ӹ̣ʹܹʱ֮Ȼܹ档
建ڵϣһ۾ͿƬռһ޴ĽԲȻֻбڻ
ЩѾ֪Ǳڻϵݻܹó


1920 ˸Ե۹
һļ¼ңǽԼȫԿ⴦¶֮У
а
ôӴ󷢴ҪʱҪ¼Լڵ֤ݣúֻ֪ʹԭʼķʽڸӷ᱾ĩ󲻵á
ϸۿڵıڻݣΪռޣڻϵݲֻ࣬Լķʽ¼۹ٲʢħĹ̡
ˣעмĽԲҴоһ˿񲨶
ʱ޵ͻȻԺ
Ҳܿע⵽Բ
żڣµĶ࣬õģƻ̫״ˣֻŽԲԼ·ĽΪһ壬ûа취״ߡ
˹ȥһֻư棬֮һƬһ̣ԲͻȻһεʶ˲ͽԲڲһӴʶһ
˸Ե۹
֪ʿΪħϢϢص۹ˡ
Ϊḻ˸Ե۹ĽڵĴʳҪΰ͸Բ忴۹Сọ̈̄Ҳι״Ȼͬΰ
տ˸˵˵һںħԿڶԿħĹУҲʹ˸ַǼˣ˸ûԼ۹ˡ
һƬ֮УΪ˲Լĵ۹ӡȫرңԼӰħΪػͬʱҲԱƬżֺϮ˵
⣬޷ħ۹˵Ǳһ취ħĵ֮أӡ
һǿ͵ĵ۹ֵ𾴵ģȻûԯʥԻħĶҲʱ̣ħͷķ
а
ԲӦǿ˸˲ȡһֱķʽҲһЩķ֣տ˸˵ģʵռ˴ϣҲһЩԸħķоᵽһĶħġ
ݳƣֻܿħ޷ɱħ£ħв͡
еĿ˸һҲûܹħģҲֻܽˡ
֣̫׵ħĲǴõģôǴģ
ţ΢΢üͷ
̫е岻˸Ե۹˶Ҳħģܱ׵õ
ҹ̫֮ǰ͵õħģͰħٻˣΪʲôȵڣ
Ǵ˾
ʯ䣬Ժӹһͷһˡ
ʳ۹أģǴ˾ˣʳ˶޷ж׼ȷ䡣
ںܶؼط֣̫Ĺ켣УҲӰӣ˸Ե۹ƺҲǳ˽⣬˵һܹ̫׵õħģ¾Ǵ˾ˡ
ΨһЩֵǣ˴˾ӶоΨûйħĵϢ
ԣȻľȴûеõһ䣡
üͻͻһͻȻоЩԾ
֮ǰ޵ʱ嶼õһЩǵһЩ䣬Ǻʹ˾սʤȴûеõ˾κμ䣬һƬհס
֮ǰʱ򻹲ãڻζԽòס
һǣͻȻָоʹ˾֮ƺԶûн
ܿ죬ͽ˿ͷѹȥô˾ۿģһ㲻м١
ף
˼ʱͻȻһ𶯣ӽԲдһעеǰĽԲдΪȣ
ǿ
ԭΪŽԲֻǿ˸µʶ¼ǶȡϢȻ֣ŽԲĳֿƺģ͸ԲԸоصȻ̺һӴ糱ϫӿľ޴
ƺѾ˼ϵʱ䣬ԽԲΪģάϵżĴڡ
Ǹ˸Ե۹µ
а˻ҽִĽԲԼĻɫ֡
׺ɣ½һѾʧҪʱ󲻱ԼĶûӴ֧ǲܵģ˸Ե۹Ų¾ڵصס
˸Ե۹µŲ󷨵ڵ£һƱػ̫׵ĹºնƻұԼĵ̣Թ̫׵Ը񣬵ûΪƻصס
ȴһλʳ۹ߵĶͳ˧ͳεûаϵȻоӴǲôڵصס
䣡
û˿ԥһѸٺԲУ˳·ص׽صס
һ̣컯˲䷢صǹӿ磬ĻɫͬȪӵصױŷӿڡ
صƬ񱩡ңһȻԣĸ֪У졢ҫۣҽĳϢʰԵӣЩӵڵ۹˵Ҳա
컯ʹɹſѧȴǺ׽תԼ
Ҷ˵òˣҲԴھС
Σʳˡ
䣡
ӿû˿ԥ󣬹Ӱ¶ձ任һһ»Ѹٸ֣һҪӴĵصתԼ
ʱͻ𡪡
ţ
һȻͣ˶дΪȣ
ô£
ıֻɵصɲǣһͻȻڴ
ǽɫӣ
һƬȻ
ɫǴɾĶմɾ˵պĹؼ
ԼĶ㵽Ϊֹ嶼ûʲô
ʲôʱᱬӦҲ֪
Դϴսʤ츮֮ѾܾûвӦˡ
Ҳû뵽Žɫӻʱ򣬶Եص׹ŴżӦ
ֻһɲǣû˿ԥصӴŴż뵽˽ɫ֮С
䣡
ɫȻϸСޱȣȴƺ̺ռ䣬͹ȥʱţ뺣Ѹʧ١
ֹˣڽӴصɲǣɫڲͻȻһɱ֮컯ҪӴĿֲ
һ̣˸Ե۹ڵص׵ţԾ˵ٶȴԽؿռ䣬羨һӿɫ֮С
ı仯嶼סˡ


1921 ߵʬ
䣡
һ̣û˿ԥ˲佫컯ʩչޣɫٶȵĴӵصȡ
ʱ仺ȥ޾ӿɫУµԾ˵ٶ˥ֻգ۵ʱ䣬֮һĵصѾӿ뵽˽ɫС
˺ɫȴûзԵı仯ͷ·޾һ㡣
֮
֮
صʧٶȾˡ
ˣ
ص׵֮ĵʱöɫӣڷӳһ˿ϸ΢ı仯
ž
һ˿ϸ΢죬ĸ֪УɫӵϢ΢΢ǿһЩ
ֻһı仯Ƕ˵ȴʱı仯
ֹˣԺ֮ʯ΢΢һ£ͬʱϤٴ
ע⣬۲⵽ɫӷ仯ռٷ֮һʮٷ֮һʮģٷ֮һʮ
ɫһ𣬴Ϊ㵡
֮ʯܹ⵽ɫӵı仯֪岢û뵽⴦صżȻܹ̼ɫӲµı仯
̫ˣ
˵ֻҪܹٽɫӳɳһ˿һǺõġ
Դӵõʵ֮ͷ֣öɫӵе±ԼĻҪǿ
ΨһǣöƺֹģصǹӴ֮ģҲֻ仯ӵ˰ٷ֮ʮ߶ѣ仰˵ǰѵص׵ȫ⣬Ҳýɫӿµ
ˣ
˵ʱʱ죬廹˼ɫӵı仯һͻû˿һӽɫбΪһ塣
󣬿ؿռ䣬ͻȻоһЩµĶ
ʲô
ԺֳĶ𶯲ѡ
һǣ͸ɫӵڵصƬŴż·廹֪һƬռ䡣
Ǹռ䱻Ļɫޣǽɫӵֲˡ
ڵصȻһռ䡣
е𺳵ĻԶֹ壬޶о㵲ѡ
һһ޸ոսʱ̽Ƭ˸Ե۹ĹŴżʲôûС
ڵǣ˸Ե۹ż·ж졣
ǽƣȿ˸Ե۹ҪϣһҪǿ󣡡
ɫ΢ڵ
ڵǳ΢û뵽ġ
˸Եص׵ѾԽԽ٣Χ涼΢΢ȵɫ٣Ҫ̮ˡ
ֻҪ֮ǰصͿˡ
岻òıƻˡ
û˿ԥѸɣȻ˼Ƭ̣ϣͻȻ֮ԯʥȻ۵ڣ˾һ
¾
΢ƺƵȫתĲȻһŵصײȥ
¡𶯣ԭӲĵʧȥ֮󣬱ôޱȣһ̳һ󶴡
ǰĽЪѸٴ͸صصףȻѸٳŸ֪еƬҰռȥ
΢ʵԯʥǿصף󷨻ǼӲҲ㣬Ľǰ׷׷黯Ϊ촷ۡ
¡
һҵĲʯ£ͬҽȥգ۵ʱ䣬ǰһֱңֱ׵­
ʼʱûʲô仯һ̣صһ죬·ʲôһ㣬漴ʶз˷츲صı仯
ԭĸ֪Уص׳˿˸żʲôûУһ̣ͷ·ʧȥһֱŵɴһ
һӴĿռħһ㣬ͻȻĸ֪С
һýýɫӵܹ֪Ĵڡ
ֹˣڴ֮оص籩꣬ڵصӿ
ǹȣ˸Ե۹żе΢
ߵĲө֮һ㡣
˼飡
һһˡ
һһ޶һָоǵص׿ռ䣬¶Ϣò
ֻýϴһƶ¶ɽһǶѡ
һ̣û˿ԥһȻסһһ㣬ڿնڰ֮жȻһۡ
Ȼǵƿĵ·ֱ˵ص
ǧף
ǧף
ǧף
һף
̶̵ֻʱ䣬ٴ鵽˵޶ĸо
ΧԽԽϡϢҲԽԽǿҡ

޵ͻȻԺ𣬾·Զһ޴İɫȻڵصصİɫ棬Ȼ¶һֱҵڡ
ԯʥȱڡ
صһǵȱѸٽ뵽Ƭرһ׵ؿռ֮С
ˣ
Ƭؿռɲǣ˲ɫ
ռ֮УһƬտȿ˸Ե۹Ҫö࣬ңͨпϡƬؿռ֮У㣬͵Ĵ޶ȫͬ
ĲǾƬص׿ռĵ棬忴һʬ塣
ʬѪѾȫˣֻ°ɭɭĹǼܣ񣬵ȴо޴Ĳ߹飬Զʮ֮࣬ڼ򣬺󱳣ǣȣԼǹؽڣûеĹͷ
Ŀģʬ弹׵ǽڴһģ·𵶽ϸСǽڣޱȣ
ļУֻһֹݼ׵
ߣ
һɲǣͫҲҪͣˡ
һһôû뵽£ңԶھرһ׵ĵٴοЩߡ
ôܣ
𵴣˲ɲ
ϱսЩսһ֪ɱ˶ߣǵṹϤ
ЩߺôĴۣվҵһЩԸ˷
ڷ˾֮ĩһͷߣʿ壬ϸоĽṹʱҲǲ֮һ
ߺƣȴֽȻͬӵ206ͷȴ300飬ɺȫͬ
ȴ࣡
һǼ䣬ȫϢ۾ˡ

Ѫ˫ۣ͵һŰԵ߹Ǻ̤ɷ飬òڵص׻صݡ
ܾʱ䣬廹޷ǹŨɱ
ûоʬɽѪĩƽ٣Ǿ޷ָġ
صһƬžֻҵĺ֪˶ãƽ
ķŭ֮侲صɻӿ
ط̫죬̫ˣ
ļ䣬ǳƽٻҪһʱ֮ŻڵףڣûʱΪʲôһߵĹǺ
ʵ̫ϳ


1922 صħ
뵽üͷ΢壬ϸܣܿ췢˸ĵط
Χ巢˸ߵʬʬɭɭĹǺ£ĻɫӣԼٶڵ洩Сŷļƽļ׿ǱԵҲ񵶽㣬ǳ
ĩճ棡
ʬĶϤˡĩճ漫߹ԣʼֵʱ඼ǳḷ̌ʬɽѪڵ˵ҲֻһЩѡ
žһֻĩճһ̤飬ĩճУ̵ķɢ
ĩճΣкҵĸֱ֪ܹ湥ʵҲһԡ
Ŀĩճƿܿ쿴˸Ķڿտĵص׿ռ䣬岼Ĵһֵ󷨣߼̨ÿһ̨뼸һߵʬȫš
һоңЩ̨ߵģϵ࣬оǵ࣡
ڤڤУԺһͷͻȻʲô
ǾˣȴԽɻ
Щߵ״
ƽٻûΪʲô
У¿ռ䵽ʲôΪʲôּ֮أǺʲôϵ
еһУ·һ㣬忴Խ࣬еɻԽࡣ
ΣЩʼѹûԤġ
꣡
ͻȻ֮䣬һӽ´һͣʱͣ½Ų
һĺǣƺҲоЩߵ֮һһ̣ĿӹһĿһͻıɫ
ৣ
һУöһĶӵڿնС
һԿһЩϵ֣һ棬ǡһ
һ
һӦó
һ֣ҲȻƼ׹һ֣
߶Ķ
⵽ô£
վеƣоһǰδеǿҳ
Զŵߣｻ֯һطʵ̫ˡ
һǣͷӹԺ·뵽ʲôȴַ·ʲôûס
ǰܿ췢һЩµĶ
һ޴ģʮ׸ߵĽ޽
޽һаȥĹ֡
ھ޽ڲ廹оһӴ
߹ȥְ棬ܿ춯ˡ֮ա֡
ʥ֮Ĺ
δĹ
ϣ֮أ

վھ޽ǰüͷ壬˼
һԼżԼӡǣⲢ֣ɺص׼¼Ĺȣ˸Ե۹ˣһԼõĶǡǡ۹ٻʹá硱ʡ
Ҿ޽ϵġϣ֮ءƺҲָ⡣
ƹ޽ǰȥ
ˣãѹǿңǳң
ʱ޵ͻȻ͸һ˿ֺ̿Ͳ
գŲȻֹɫ΢ʱһϸ۲졣
֣µĵ֮ǰĵطȻͬӲĵϣϸСġ
ЩһȦһȦĳΪģһ޴ԲС
ĽƣƺʵӵкǿҵĿá
侲ķкܿ⡣
ޣ֮У
һһסˣȫ
һ·ȥƬ֮󣬺ͻǰĵ濪ʼһεİЩϸСİУһɹɻĺ⡣
ǹԵǳֻͣǹ̺֮һЩеһ˿Ϥ
ħ
ӿЩ⣬Ȼвȴħĸоһģһ
һɲǣоطԽԽˡ
ô£ֻһɺϣ
а
ħȻĹϴڣ߱ıԴô׳֣岢һֻɺϡ
һ·ǰЩ͵ϵĲںϣֲҲԽԽܼ
ĸ֪УкƬصĵص׿ռд£Ҳһ޴ԲΣԽԲģصĺҲԽǿҡ
ŲʶɢȥԽܡ
޵ĸ֪ûƬ򣬾ܵţҾԽǿܵĸԽǿʵȻҲֻάʮʮ׵ĸֱ֪˼飡
ʥʲôȻ˴Χ󷨡ֹѹ΢ǿҲܵǿţ
з
΢ǿۣܴ֮߰ﵽֵز֮٣ﵽļÿһ˶Ǵ档
Ȼ±֮ǰĿ˸Ե۹Ҫǿö࣡
еɻԽԽƬ̣ǰȥ
¿ռһƬֻе͵ĺںڰչһƬƬ谵Ĺâ
ˣ
֪˶ãһĸоӿͷ΢ͣ½Ų
ħ
Ŀգһ£ǰʮ״һͷħȻƬصĵ¿ռ䡣
ͷħͨԲ֪ˮ죬ԣûκϢͺħһģһ
Ƭڰĵ£ͷˮħض졣
һȫ֮ͬУħٴγˣǺϷ˸Ե۹бŰͬħҪ͵ö࣬ҲһЩϸ΢ı仯
һɲǣͻȻһָоŹħܣң֮ǰ֪ĽȻͬ
ħֻд۲Ƭ̣ǰȥ
һָоǰ滹иĶԼоõԼӦÿҪִ󷨵ĺˡ
ˣ
ҲƬ̣ڿƬռĵصشһʮ׸ߵľ޴̨
̨ɢɵĹâϸȥı沼ϸС֣еֶðɫĹâ
ͨĿĸ̨һ޴Ǳɽ塣
ͷɫʽƣͨ͸ɢĹâڴ֣жʮ׸ߣҫ׹⡣
ǣޱȣȴڰ֮Уͷ׼̨Ķͷ·ڽһҵĶ졣
һεĲƣԸ̨Ϊģɢܹ̺ܵ
߹ȥŽ̨һ·ϣڽ̨ĶˣһűʬѾãֻʣһ߰ɭɭĹͷ
գ̤ȥһ΢ɢһ̨ϵʬķѣɢһء
ʱ̫Ѿ޷κϢ𣿡
аܿ콫עתƵ˸̨ϵһŽԲ
Բ򣬺ϷĽƾ޴һڰ֮У˲һöԲĸоͿ˸Ե۹Ľһһģһͬɢ޵ľ񲨶


1923 ʥ֮Ĺ
֣ѵ˵˸Ե۹¼ʷǿԲ򣬲Լġ
üͷ΢壬
ɻ󣬵ķӦȴܿ죬һ죬סеĽ
ְȥʱһɴ۵ĺŷͬʱһӴľ뵽ԺС
δߣϣĶ
һİͻȻԺׯ£һ̣һľ˽Բ֮С
ǰһİǰչһİķ䣬沼˸ּ̳ʹİ࣬æµţӺʵʲô
һЩˣڲͣô򣬶һЩĽڶ
忴һɹɺħƵĺ⣬¿ռ䰴ĳֹʣڴ£㼯ЩİС
ǵ罫ҪͼþеһµĶȥӦԻΣ
ٴԺΪ﷢һС
ǱϵǾ߰׹ǡ
ԺһͷͻȻ˭
Σ
ʲôΣ
ᵽΣȴû˵ʲôΣ
ˣ
ƺ֪뷨ǰĳٴα仯

ӿǰһƬǵĺˮź߲ϵӿ
ӡеĲͬӿĺˮǣйɸζ񴥶
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ͷ仯ȥڿƬ󺣵ȫòڹĺ֮У޾ʬ壬飬ڻǵĺԳظ
׼һĻҲɸеǿҵĳ𺳡
󺣹ޱߣǾǼʮ򣬽˾Ϳġ

ʲôսеĻ滹ڲϱ仯忴ʤӡŨ̡棬µĳǹֻвƵķ棬Կȷӡ
䣡
лХһֻõ㣬ص̤𶯴أһ̣ڿߣ
ս߰ߵĸףĿնһ鸯õѪⴹɢŨϢʹߣҲĻߣ
ߣ
һϣමһ£һֻأȻһ۾ͱ˳ȥ
¡¡
Ũ̹ͷ忴Ƭأ綼ڲݣ̮
ֶӦӵвʣܹЩߣǳ׵Ļ𣬶ҵ˷ħΪ˴ݻЩӦ˶ģ
ǸׯµٴԺ
жڶ忴ʥ˾ۼһʹĻƽͣôİɫ𻨴ǵĶ̨ϱŷ䣬ЩԾţɢһϤϢ
ħ
䣡
ǰâһ忴Щʥ˴һѾ޴Ľɫͺ̨ϿǰѾ޴һģһֻѾ޴̺ڿĻҪǿ
Ӵ䣬͸ĴͷϣĻȼգѤޱȡ
ھ޴·Ҳ̨
䣬޴£ðĹ棬ڳҵĸУ𣬾һͷĲȫ״̬ħεض𣬿ޱȡ
Ĵ켫ѣʧΣ´ΣĽӽɹ
ׯµԺ
忴εʧܣһͷͷȫħӸ̨վڰԡһΪĳȱݳ׵Ļ
ǻʧˣִħķʹһձĳͣΨûϵЩʧȥơ
ǵıǴǿȴһֱŰ񣬳ʧȥƵĹޣǵı⣡

𶯲ѣһֱΪħعеģǼΪϵȻ
ûȻഴĽᾧһһʧصƷ
ħΪ˶ԸӦ˶ģȻ̺˻ıܣԲŻʧ֮󣬴ݻһһӹ̫׿ƵͷħͷħȻѾʼʹ

ͻȻʼϲഴľȴĻߡ
˵ħǺһʵħЩѾʧľԶôûпͬ
ԺͻȻͷȻЩͻأǴħδûֿܡ
Ϣ׷ӿԺ͸ʥµϢ˽ʧĶ
Ϊ˾µĴʱ̣ʥ㾡ڴħ֮ķʼĳԣҲܾµĴ󣬿Ǽͷӳȥħ
ֻϧıԴѾĴѾվħ֮ź
ׯµ˵ţ̾Ϣһ͸޾ϧ
δߣеᾧڴˣϣܶӹһһֻذĻ
˵˴ϢԲеĻҲʹ˽ˡ
ˣ
ǰָֻ˹ϤĽ̨ͽɫ޴ٴӳ۵ףֻǿƬռ䣬ʱ˿̣еĸоȴȻͬ

̾Ϣһʥ˵Ҳ̾Ϣѡ
ܹħֶʥҲ˴󲿷ֵ
̽ԲһЩջ
ڽԲУ巢Ϣ
⣬ħ֮𣿡
͸ԲоԼµĽ̨ĵײԼʮ׵ĵطȻһƴСϰ벿ְ뽹ڵĸС
ܸƺӵмǿã͸Բܹо̺ŰģŵǹɰһƬڷӿ
ˣ
峢ͨԲƵص׵ĸͻȻ֮䣬·ĸ𶯣һɽХӦӵصһ̣оһɰɽһ㣬ұ֮֮ǰ˸Ե۹ҪӴʮ౶
ڵص֪˯˶꣬ǵ崥еʱӴģ
ǰ֮ǰյʱԵ΢
ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬Ժɫٴβǹ˸Ӧ
ԭɫ֮ǰǸо
˼
ɫӶʧƺȼʣɵص嶼ûз֣ɫȴؽƣӦǵĴڡ
û⣬Ӧþʥ˶ħˣ
а
һɲ֮׺ɣ½ر仯ȻӵӴ֪۷ʱڣʥڵص׾ۼжôӴ
Ƭ̣ûмյص׵ǹǲ쿴һʥڽԲµϢ
Ƭ֮ڽԲнȻѸȥ


1924 Դռ䣡
䣡
𶯣ص׿ռ˷츲صı仯ڽ̨ϷǱգжʮ׳Ľ޴ͻȻ̧𣬾ͺһֻεľץѾ޴һ㡣
̣
޴ڲ·𱻼һ㣬ϵ绨䣬޾еҲͣĺڳĴϣɫĴͷҲŷ̫
ֹˣ¿ռ䣬еļ̳󷨶Ѹٳܣһɹҵĺ⣬е󶼻۵˾޴Ľ̨

Хӿ̨ҲŷһɹɵĹʱ֮ʥ˴ƺҪٴ֡
Ѿ˳˸̨۾΢Уȫעעǰľ޴͸̨
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬ֻգ۵ʱ䣬ǱɽĽƾ޴ʧ˰֮У˲Ϣ֮ٺݺݵ˽̨Ϸֻһ춯صľ죬𶯣̨Ϸ䣬Ĺ쫷ŷϯռ䡣
飬һײϣǰҲײõ
̨Ϸ·ҵĻѧ仯һ̨꣬ѿֳϸСķ϶һ̣صĸȴ·ܵĳεһ㣬ӵصǣƬʥŵӿ
ڣâһǸصĸдؿռ䣬˲˽̨Ϸ
Ǳɫ޴ŷ׵̫ҵĽ⣬ȫ۵˸֮У꣬Ƭ̵ʱ䣬бѿ˲仯ΪĸƬ׹ȥ
ֽĸڲһŻģ̫֮Ҫڰ֮Уת
˼飡ħ֮𣡡
忴ſУ̾ѡܹоĳǰĶ͹̫׿ƵͷħıԴϢǳ񣬵ȴȺǿʮֹ
ֻϧǣʥ˴˶ħ֮ķҲֻһ룬ûܹνħ֮
ЩͷԺзӶܿϾȥ˼ˣΪܿͷٻص׵ħ֮ǹʥ˳˯ڼ֮ʼϵɢݣɢݵٶȼ侪ˡ
ȥҪ˰ʱͻ᳹׵ʧˡ
ˣ
һΣϸ룬˲䴩񱩵ڽ̨ǰ˫ѸٰѿĽ̨ϣȻѸٷ컯ɺ嫵ģ֮˸Ե۹Ҫ
¡
ڷɲǣİӿȣȻһγֳһֳԽ޵ķʽڣָоͺһ̫ʳһһ̲ȥ
̫ˣ̫ˡ
ԥ˲䷢˽ɫӵȵģʥ˵ûפֱӿ˽ɫڡ
ע⣬۲⵽ɫ仯19212325
֮ʯٴ𣬽ɫڲյԾ˵ٶȱ仯
֮ǰտ˸Ե۹ɫҲ17ѣǾôƬ̵ʱ䣬ɫڵѾӵ29һԾ˵ٶ仯
Хڽ̨ǰһȻΪˣҲû˺죬յĸо
ɫ޾ģ303133ɫӱɢĹâҲԽԽǿҡ
383940
Ѿ컯ʩչ˼ޡ
57596164
ɫڲԽԽǿЩǴͨѣһǣоԼҲ˲١
727374
֮ʯ𣬽ɫӵԽǿɢԽӴ󣬶Խɫ˾̺صǹʥҲ˥ٶȣҲ
ʱ仺ȥоص׵ԽԽϡɫյƺҲﵽ˾ͷ
858687
ڴﵽ87֮󣬵ص׵ڸɺԣɫӵ仯Ҳͣ
֮ǰȣɫɢϢѾǿ࣬˵֮ǰĽɫͬҹɫеһөĻôڽɫɢϢѾ൱һյˡ
ϧˣǲһ㣡
аźѡ
Ȼɫӵı仯ܴ󣬾˲٣ǽɫӵ仯ֹ87ûܹµ
ԣа취
ɨһۿУͻȻ΢΢һЦѸʧԭء
嵥һнɫ޴е罭һ㣬ƴӿڡ
88899091
žһɫʥ޴ѿ˲ʧȥй󣬻Ƭ׹ڵء
9
Ŀһתܿ˰öħ֮Ļϡ
ħ֮ǲֱģû˿ԥ彫öħ֮뵽˽ɫ֮С
100
һ鸴ӵƴͼһ飬ԺöɫӶȻɢһȦȫµģİ׹⣬ͬʱڲҲʱ䣬췭ظı仯
öɫԭԺУһ̣ͷ·ܵĳ϶£ԽؾƵص֮С
ɫӱҲǵһѿһ˿϶·ʲôҪһ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬֮ʯԺ
㹻ɫµУ5587100
ϲýԴռ䣡
˵ṩ˴Ȼͻ̺֮˲籾Դµ
Դռ䣬ɱԴ֮γɵռ䣬ʹñԴռһЩ
ע⣬ֱԴħ֮ƷʹñԴռܹԴħ֮ǷԴռ䣬ȫħ֮
̶ʱڣһԺرһһžʯ£ɲ
ʲôɫܹħ֮
һ̣嶼𺳲ѡ
ʥľûħ֮Ķ죬ʱգ嶼û뵽ɫӵȻܹʥδɵԸ
֮ʯܹħ֮
ʵ
ڼСԼҪһʱ䣡
֮ʯ
ʱ侲˲٣ħѾǿˣʥԷ飬ħ֮ӦñħҪǿĶ࣬ԽǿḺ́ԽǼѣӵ˱Դռ䣬Ҳڶʱɡ
ϣʥ˴ħ֮δܹǳսзã
а
ħ֮һ֮ǲֵܳģѾ޿ɸı䣬˵ֻҪʥ˵ԶԸߣǾ㹻ˡ
꣡
ʱҡضһʯײʥĽϣһܼĴ죬ͬʱµĵҲҵĵ
˸Ե۹ķֲ֧סˣܿҪ̮
̧ͷĿƺ͸ؿռ䣬ϷĿ˸Ե۹ż
ɫ˿˸Ե۹ż廹ʮ֮һȻѾĴˣû󷨵֧֣¼


1925 ޶
뿪ˣ
а
˸ʥѾɫմصҲûʲôˣ뿪ˡ
ֻʣһˣ
аͻȻһ۲ԶڵϵĽԲ
Բ֪ʲô϶ɣڸոյУԲ˵Ψһ˿˵ĶҪǣǵʥ˵ˡħ֮һϢ
߹ȥѸʰ˵ϵĽԲͬʱһӴľ뵽˽Բڲ鿴ʣµǵϢ
ˣ
ֻǲ鿴һۣɫ΢䣬ࡣ
벻Ȼ
ץеĽԲһѸٴӵһζȻ󴩹ǵ𽣺ĶߣѸٷصϲĿ˸Ե۹ż
ܾĻҳʯصѾԽԽȶˡ
壬ôˣ
̫ˣڳˣ
ʱһϤӶд壬³֥˼˳˷׷ӭ
һֵص׵ĶԽԽȴʼղн̲סѰңʱƽ£һϲѡ
µ£ȥ˵Ҫˣߣ
أϸ룬¡һɰ˰ӿѸپסˣȻһڵ㣬ֱӳűֱ⻬Ĺžͨһ·ϣֻϢʱ䣬׵ľ룬˵ϡ
Ҳһ˵ͬʱ¡¡һľײľӵص̳ӵ籡žڿʼˡ
֪ص׵Ķʳɫɲ
Ȼʱûص׵컹ֻǿʼӴĹŴ٣ȻΧӦ
ߣ
巢һסʳ壬һԾȥҲʱҡض
ǿھ޴ĹžΪģΧĵҲ̮ˡ
ֻһ಻ϵľ죬ƬƬĵ׹ȥ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ȵֹ̮ͣºնǵĵش̳޴Ĺžʧȡ֮һ׵ľ޴Ӷºնе¥Ҳܵǣ׷ױ
һĻиĴʳ˶Ǿ겻
ºնǴʳ۹ʥǣǴʥڹ̫׾סĵطڴ֮ǰƻڴʳ˵ǲģ̫׶λУ˵ʲô
Ҳûǣ˶׷׿ԼͰѿ˸Ե۹򵥵˵һ顣Ψʥߵ£ˡ
ƽٻûзʱ˵Щ»𲻱ҪĿֻţⲢ뿴ġ
ԭˣ
˵ͷҲûжʡ
ħǳºնǣ˵ֻҪûвҲ㹻ˡ

˵ʱһУһ̧ͷֻһֻŸշӶ£Լ
һ죬ץסŸ룬ܿȡż㿴
ôˣ
³ڵ
ȸϢʹķڱֽᵽ֮ķû̫ӡֻ˵ǶĳģԷԳкǿϣʳˣķЦһ֮߸󡣡
嵭һ˵һ߽еżݸ³
һкԤϵĲ࣬ķӵǿ׳ǹǿʢʱ򣬶ķ۸ڶһֻ磬ͳһ½أΪ½ΰľֻһԷĶδ֮Ȥ
һǾˣ
֥΢΢üͷ
δ֮
˵󲻴˵ССǶԷܵʳʹʳ۹һԸƣʾȫһˡ
ûпҵߵĽ̹٣ķǵãˣδز֪һЩϢ
֥
ºѣЩʳĴ岻ѧҸ̶߰Ⱥķй֮޲粢ǵҰΧ
嵭
񰬲˹ЩʳܶٻԶٶԴ˽⣬ڴδսĴͲһˣĿһУڶһȫһ֪
һ㣬Ѿĸд

˵ʱһ󼱴ٵͻȻԶֻʱ䣬һģ۵糸ӹºնŵķ
ˣǲϢˡ
ǰȻһѸڵϡ
ȥ
һ˿Ĺâܿ쿪ڵ

ʳ۹ϵصף谵ϸȥͻ֣̺ᷢһ޴ܿռ䡣
ܵǽϣһ̥Ѫ⣬沼Щ滹ųë·һһ
ЩѪİΧ֮У廹ֵֹ󷨡̨̳ͽе
һؼ׵Ĵ佫Ѿȫ
һЩ˰ܣϷ˽һЩڲһЩЩɮ°һһѺ
Ǵʳ۹صĵطҲǿľ޾Ŵĵط
ˣķԸһʳǾĴң޵ĵطر֮ء
Щɮʼʱϣҵһ·鵽
ԣŵ佫
ǸϵʱЩѾʰ׼룬һЩ˷ǣ׼ٻ
ãΪүǰһٲܣ󲿷˶ǶסһһѺ
ֻĶ̫죬ǲֻǽһоүá
ʳ۶͸ı̫׵Ĺºնǣд˾Щ̤ʳ֮ǰѾƶƻҵҪĿ꣬ж֮أ
ڴ֮ǰѾϸĲ𣬰ӦִĶ飬ͬʱУв㣡
֧֮һ
û˵ֻϸܣԣ֥³ͬڴ
Ե쳣ĹͿֲĳ̶ֳϣ˵ֵһжǶ֪Ȼͬ
˼飡
˾ʲôǴЩ޾š
֥ߵһ̨ԣ̨â˸мİݴڲϵ´̱ǵɫ𶯲ѡ
ʳ۹ľ޾Żٳ֪˶ټ̵ĳǳءʳ˻˶ٶ֣ͺķɺǻ˾޾С
壬ԼЩͳ󣬻ֳȸ־޽ľ¾ߣ³һǺõ
۴ķ濴޾ŶǾӦóϵ
˾ⷽѾ޴̽飡
ʱһӶдһûôڵ̫ٱҲӺ
Щ޺;ͳȫΥ˳ڵĵǣּĿ»ᱻã۹ɾ޴˺
üͷ壬¶ǡ


1926 ¼
޵̫Ӵһͷ޾Զǳвһ֧ɽƵľɽͰǰҲһ㣬΢
һ£ľޱã֮У۹ɵ˺Թ
ã۹ÿʱڣܹһ塱ҲˣܹԸ޵ľͳּһȥֻҪһˣͿ˵ɱ٣²ݱ
Ҳһֱڵĵġ
ٱ˵ȷʵҪأ
Ҳɫأ飬ȻҲͬǡ
Ҫⱻãõķǻٵû֪ȻԴԼв̫ǿһǺ¡
ʱ򣬰˼˳ˣɫᶨڴ޵ķ̬ȷǳȷֻҪٵͺˡ
ǴƵĳ̫ʱͱˣ˱ʥʵʱǴﵽ˽ʮ֮࣬ȴûи󶼻ϼӰѿأľеУڴƿ¾ѾһƬˣ֮Ҹǲ֪Ҫ˶٣ʳ˶п͵ѧȥ
ˣ˹֮սԼε۹ʳ֮սͻȻͬ
ʳоޣƵġޡǳš
δսԴʳɱҲľպɽĳţ˼˳պɽ֮ǰйӴͺһӡǳ̡
Уܾô򵥵Ĵݻ٣
³üͷ΢ͷһ˼ӡ
ˮܸۣ츣»Ϊȫһ֮䣬˶Щ޵ĶǴʿͨģǺò׵սƷôݻ٣̫ϧˡ
Ҳ˵ˣʮ󣬲Ǵݻ٣ǴľеУûЩһսΪǻӮ𣿡
˶ʱһƬĬ˼˳Ҳ촽ţֹסˡ
³˵ûĹ˶޷ϵģҪôͬ³
һʱЩͣ˭Ҳû뵽ڴʳľںϣ˾Ȼֺϵķ硣
ݻЩ޵ĶͬʱֲַȥãôʣµľֻһˡһŵùˣҶԴĹԲҵˣȫȨ־ںСΧʹַδҪʱ򣬱ãֽΣսС
ʱ򣬸֥ˡ
ˣ
仰¿ռڵնȻһ䣬΢ı仯Լͬ˵Ŀȫ㼯һϡ
ţ
屾˼ô£ͻȻ˶ԼͬԼɫһ㵣ʱסˣ
ôˣΪʲôң
һΣ˺û壬һ˼
ģڳûһܹ
³˵ͷȿڵ
ȻһǾЩףĻǿԿǵġ
˼˳ĬƬ̣Ҳˡ
⡭ػ֮飬飬ͬһ򲻲룡
ͬ޴󽫾˼Ƭֲ̣
¶һţű¿˵۹ⲻдĻû
һ̣˶̫ٱá
ʥʱµӣʥĹΨһûз̬ȵģֻˡ
һսߣݡλԼӰ֮ϣ̬Ҫ
ĻȻԡ
˵ĵһ仰ȴ˴Ϊ⣺
ǰһж˵İ죬֪ԽԽã󣬵ȵؾ֮󣬻ʾ¡
Ȼ
Ȼˣ
õĻ˷׷׸͡
״ݻҲͰˣôҪĶȻƹʥʡ
ô䣬˾;ЩںĹ漴˵Ŀٴ䵽ϡ
Ȼ⣬ʱҲӦ
ںΣ˶ΣЩж
лҶһƴġ
ܿڵ
ֵӱ֮ʱ˽ҲЩ޵ĶδĳضʱЩ޻Դƴ棬ΪػݵҪ⣬λؾ֮Ҳں
ɫᶨĿ
ȲڣҲǫãԼ飬һֱᶨһԹ֮
˶˵ĻǴΪ⡣
ܴʳ֮˱ΪѾûκⲿΣգ˼ƺԶˡ
ѵδʲôΣ
һΣȴûй͡
һ£ָܵ佫ڵĸе̨󷨣һһǣȻٷֱ֣ȫߡ
УõȫԶرܡ
һʳ۹˸ļȫȨϽӴ˳壬ûܹ֪ǵȥ

ʱһ䣬˵עܿͼеһϡ
ɱ˹̫׺ʹ˾ʳ۹ӣµĴʳ۹ȻǸ˿ӴﵽһǧƽƵӴ۹ҪǣףҪǵ۹ͳȴԶô׵¡
ѾɳȥطأȴȻ׽⡣
ʮҪѹӴĵ۹ԶԶģУͺķɺشá
ɺԼʳܱİ£Ĵ
ʱ仺ȥʼʱ򣬴ʳĸʡʱ壬һЩ֯Ĵʳڽ֮УϮƾӡ
ɳǿѹΣټɺ˺ʹʳܱ˰æҳЩʳ˵ľۼ㣬һһĽȥʳڳװˡ
塰ɱ¾֮Ҳ쳹ʳдʳ̸ɫ䡣
֪ʳҲʱ䣬һжѾ̤档
һа׵֮󣬾ʦڴگ뿪ʱˡ
ڵһ죡
ʳ۶͸
ϣݼϹһݣϣԸԶƣΪƷ
μطϹһݣһݣƽһ䣬ԸƽãΪƷ
ݼԸԶƣΪƷ
٤ɫݼϹһݣ鱦䣬ԸԶѺãΪƷ
ΤϣݼϹһݣԸԶӴƣ
ݼϹһݣԸԶƣΪƷ
ȲݼϹһݣԸԶƣΪƷ

뿪һ죬͸֣ȺʳܱߴССȷ׷ʹߣؾĻᣬϹ顢ϣá


1927 𣬿
֮ңԶڴ֮ǰܱڴ֪ޣֶܶû˵вǸʳμս
һսôʳܱܵ˴Ƶǿ
ֻ˺ٵľӣһִݿѹʳպգսǿ󣬲һĴʳ۹ڶʬʬҰ޵һ㣬ܵ𺳡
رΪĴͳ˧ڻɱ̫׺ʹ˾֮󣬸죬Ϊ񻰰Ĵڡ
Ҫǣܻ˴ʳռ͸˵ʹʳȻͬԶûдʳ˲бʡ
˲ûǣ
֮£ȻԸǿǿȴöĵ۹
Ծݴ󶼻ݽӼĹ飬ܿ쵽˺֮С
͢𣿡
֮Уж˴쳯һװһԵȸ
үѾȫִһΣⶨʥյ㣬˶Ǿϸѡĺ֡ңѧһЩʳ⣬͢Ҳථʳķ룬ŵĲ壬һǰʳ
ȸ
佫ɳӵأһѺ֣ǳǳعҪõģҪʱĸԺ֮ǰ͢ɳĹٸ
ڣؾ֮ǰеĹȫִ
ˣһͳˣҪ֪ͨ³𣿡
ȸ
ˡѾ֪ˡ
嵭
ؾ֮ǰͷѾ׵ɸ֥Ͱ˼˳λ۹פأͳʳͬ޴󽫾˼ͬ޾ԸҪԸЩ壬ĵĴʳ
һؾȵʳһа֮³ٺ뿪
Ǹ֥Ͱ˼˳λ۹һҪʳġ
ˣ²
˵ʱͻȻһߵĽͻȻ˽ϥص
һ仰뿴˹

忪ڵ
Դӹƴʳۺ˾ͷǳ͵嶼ټټһʱ֮ҲϾȥᡣ
ֻû뵽ԼҪؾʱݷԼ
ֻƬ̣һ˽
սû˵Ǹš㡢ѹӵģ࣬࣬ȴҲࡣ
֣
һڵ
ү
۹һ񣬹
⹧үؾġлүۺһֲĻᡣ
˵ⷬʱԴǿУƺ⡣
ô㲻ؾʦ𣿡
üͷһ壬оʲô
ʱʧ屾Ϊ׼ؽЩʳݻٵѧãһ֮ٺԼһ𷵻ؾʦ
ڿƺȫûз˼
ˡ
ҡҡͷȻһЦЦЩӡ
ŷôĴ󣬲µѾûĿصˡ
˵ţ΢΢Щɬ
֪ܸģĪɣΪ飬ɲء޳˭ܹ󣿶ңҲԼжֲ˷µĴһսȫѾоɢù̫׵óˡ

֮սҵʱ屻˾ڽУսȴѾΣ֣ڵоһҪҰʳ˳׻ûź۵ƴս롣
ҪǣһսӮˣ֪һսϸڵˣԻӭӢ۵̬ӭš
忪ڵ
ǺǣүذοˣʹӢ۵̬ȥʹǻ˵ĳ羴壬ҵԼ޷ԭԼ
˾Ƿˣ޷ĵġ¼Щ޹ˣбʳɱλʦ𳤣һжΪҵĴǲԭµġ
һսܹ֮ʤΪţΪүүǷµĴ޷ء
Һ˵뿪ʦһǾû׼ٻȥˣǵ֮ãһвŸոտʼ
үҲصģֻҪѣűضٴγ֡үѣҲһٻ
֣ص
忴еļᶨܵеľģипѣ֪˵ʲôǲǸıġ
֣أ
ǧ󶼻Ϊĸ֡
ۺܿ뿪ˡ
Ŀ뿪ջĿ⣬ȻԶƬİ͹ȣģþõģһ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ܿ졪
ؾ
һ£͸Ҳ֮ת
ֻƬ̣ʮƺƵ뿪ʳһ·žʦȥ

º󣬴ƾʦ
䣡
һ޴ĳźȻͬһʱ䣬һ쳹ʦ

ˣ
Ǹһʯ£һʱʦɲ
ʦУӿӸ¥֮ӿȫš
ŸĦ࣬ɽ˺

ǴƵӢҪˣ
ôãڵȵˣӣ㿴Ӣۣ
˵үһӮģô˵˰ɣҶ̻úˣȵ̻
ǰһãҿ

Ⱥֱ֣ȹڻҪ˷ܣˣˣСһЦݣĵϲá֮⣬Ⱥ֮лвٴֹеŮ
ҿ
һŮɬϲá
˶֪δȢĸӢۣƫƫᣬӢ䣬ĸŮϲ

ͬʱʦ֮УһԽĴ죬Ĺ佫ĿѩҲ׷׳ųӿ˹ȥ
ߣߣͿ쵽ˣ
ʲôȵңѥӵˣһȥ
ڵˣÿ죡ǴƵĹѫҪˣ

׷׳ųȥ
֮֮֮սлΪУӴģȫǴƵӢۡе֮ĴӢۡ
ŴƵľӣһ˴ơ
֮ǰıܾ֮Щ裬ºҲֻ˶Խľء
ʱһˣ۵۹Σգʿ䣬һǰߣΪ۹Σգʱ˵ˡ
ңҲɹдսеӡ
ǶôӢľֻҪս²ѡսɾ޴˺һǮΪ°յĸۺظ
ͳµսȴȫͬ
ʮڻƽ˻ؾʦ鵱ʱ䶯˾ʦҲ䶯¡


1928 ӭؾ
ʮƽ
Ƽʮ˰޷ﵽģ˵ڶ解Լֱ
ڴƵʷδй
սİյõ˷ḻĸսй׵ңգõصʹֲͣսеģȫս֧
ֹˣ͢ҲͷģҪʾ޿޽·ũˮʧˣͯÿͥܵõһʲƵƿ
ڵʽѷַ˸ݸ
ڸдʽ𣬰Ƶİչ
սûж԰˺ʹа棬ҲΪķչṩԴʽⶼǰĳδġ
Ȼˣ֮ﻹôìܣ
ҷԱңΪ˲ƣÿһζսܹĴٽ۹ķչҴôĲƸôԹԣ³ȫ֧ˡ
ȻҪǣһΣ
ߣҶȥӭȥ
Ĺٰշ׷׳ȿֺųȥ
ʦһƬ֣ٹ٣գʦ˷׷ȥӭһˣʢǰδй
ʱ仺ȥʱͻȻһ˶
쿴ˣ

һ˲䣬Ⱥ궯׷׳ȥԶԼս죬Ұ֮еʱ򡪡
䣡
Ǽ䣬ȺһƬڣŸԶԶ͵ıһɽѰĻ




ɫ˷ܣͨ죬ƴȫİ˻ź춯أʮ
Ҳ˵ĻУӴʳصʮѹѹģ¡¡ĴУҲ˵Ұ֮С
ʦǵ۹ȨģĸأʮǾ뾩ʦģһβͬ뾩ʥ´ΪľǾʦۿЩӢ֮ʦͬʱҲǶЩԡѪսɳĽʿϿɡ
䣡
ĻУͬʱҲע⵽ߵĶ
ˣǵִﾩʦˣ
ȸս⴫
ţ
˵ͷÿӣһ۾ͿԶǽѹѹȺ˺Զľ룬Ҳܸоֻ죬һӭա
һսһȥһأʱ䣬ĸ֪֮Уȴô
ȥʱ򣬱֮徭࣬ڣоȴһ浹ӵء֧֣Ӣ۰Ŀʽипѡ
ȻҪǣһս۹ܵϴŽһҪģҲһֱ뿴ģ
¡¡ʻȺԽԽңҲԽԽҡ
ȺĿѩ˽ż⣬쳤ǰΪؾʦĵһο
ͣ
ڳſڸһֱֻۣһ̣ͻȻͣƬ̣ܿƿţ˳ȥ
䣡
߳һۣӢǷٰ壬һǣԭͼȺʱը춯صĻֱӲ֮ⶼš
Ⱥȫˣ


ϲ㣡

һ󻶺춯أл˲Ůߡļ
ȺУֻǵȻһЦǰȥ
ſڣнά
ոǰͻȻһ㶣ֻȺֿٹ٣ڶ󳼣һĶǰھ廹߰˲ĵط˵ͷһ
ӭؾ
ͬ˾ڲμʳҴƹرһݣף˿
׸ԶʳҴƵӢۣĳرһݣϣ˲
ʷ¡Ϊүףһݣ
ʮ󽫾Ϊ죬ף˿
̫佯ǩˣرһأЦɣ
뽹ϴһݣҴƵӢۿ
۰ϴһݣҴƵӢۿ
ϴһݣҴƵӢۿ
ϴһݣҴƵӢۿ
żңҴƵӢۿ
ΤңҴƵӢۿ
ǳңҴƵӢۿ

ǰصһһﲻòЪ
ſڸЩٹٸŮףеİնһϲáĿŵⱾǴɣоʦû˾ʲôס
˴ƣеգٹٸֺγֻеˡ
ڱ֮ܵίֻ̫٣
ſڣ忴һһţССԼصӰһһҴƵӢۿҲǸжѡ
ֻ˸飬ˣ
һ˵ţһҲһ
һһԸȸ˵
ǻȳȥʹʥɣ»ڵš
һڵ
ӳųµ˵ӵ֮Уһ·Żʹȥ
ΧȺԽԽ࣬һ·ӰΡ
ڻʳſڣеȺȫͣ
ڻʳǵĳϣһΰӰŽɫצۣϺƵ
ȻֻһվȴȻȻɢһ֣أӲζ
еһУǰԵ΢
·ֻҪ˳ֵĵطȻȻĳΪصģ
£
ԶԶأоǹϤϢؼӵϢģҲֻеʥʱˣ
ţ߳һ۾Ϳ˳ϵʥʡ
еһʥϵϢԶôϡֻǺͬϵϣ͸һ˿
嶼û뵽ʥʻԳ棬ڻʳžӭ
΢壬μ£
泯Żʳϵʥʣ幧һ
ͬһʱ䣬˷еľʦհٹ٣׷׹
꣡
һĵɽ쳹š
ʥʮ꣬һְѴƴǰδе̫ƽʢ嶼ʥһģʥӵϵĵλ
ƽ
ʥʾӸ£ȻһЦǺ쳹ʦ
л£
ΧȺ׷վ߸ߵĻʳϣʥĿһתܿϡ
壬ˣ޹Ȼûп㣡
һ͡Ҳοϲãǧﾡһ֮С
һɲǣҲжѡ
һսʥʽٹеıԼݵ˽ԼУκͬСɡ
ҾãһǰڣûоԵʳſӭӹ龩󽫵ģݹֻܵ
˵ʥʻ˹ϵǧۣԽѵˡ
л£΢ҲûйУ
ͷ



1929 ̸
Ƭ̫֮͵Уٹٵ棬ʿ߹˶ķ͡
ˣʵگԻڳ͢ййһۣʳʮʳҹʹһöƽǧɺʮ䣬ʮ䣬ӷ⻤󽫾ɺʳ۹ڣȫȨϽأ
ĸףϣзӷһƷھˣͻƽʮƥƥϼһ
ϣйӷһƷ¹ͻƽһ
Ǻ죬Ͷ۾
ԹŶԹмӣźⶼеġ
Ǻ񼰸ĸ˷ʹ͵ģĸ׼ӷһƷھ˲˵ĸ׶ӷΪһƷ¹
ĸҪﵽٻҪʮ꣬һҪһһĽ
ķͺͶֱǰδУ˵ʳոմ£ôĵ۹ʥʾȻֱӽϽ
ʹͿǺܶ˶ģķͣкֹܶ͵ˡ
һ䲻ûֹ΢Цһ˵ӡ
Ʒ£һδε¼ѾסĥҲ֤һеͬʱԵ۹겻ˡ
ϣʥʶĽͻԶûн
һս˹֮սټ֮Һʹʳ֮սΪºպչͣʥģشͻһն࣬£
һսʮʿԡѪսܲŻȫнʿΪ֮ʿʡ̫ʷü¼£ʷᣬ¼£֪
Ϊݴ󶼻Ԫ˧ָз֮ϣ͢ûʦֱӰͼΣ̸̣ܺ
䣡
һϣʱһƬڣվڰǰָ͵۾
ηͣʥⶨָȻΪ࣬گҲԵһۡ
̸
꣬Դ̸ȷ֮ڶĿѫ²ͣѾǲжû˵̸ˡ
ڴף̸ѡ˵
ʥʶеķͶȲϻӰͼΣ̸һ
£
˵ˣʱǻһ𣬿Ŵϵʥʣܵ˾޴𾪡
Ȼ̸֪Ĳ̫࣬ȴҲ֪ҪڱҪȵ컹Ҫѡ
Ƶ۹ôĹôսͽҲ֮֮Ҳ̸ܹ֮ȴ֮١
̫ٱãսңΪƵսôĹҲһû̸ܽ
󶼻ثҰĲһ֮ѹͻʡɡ͸߾۹ͼ̫ٱ֮£Ҳһû̸
ƾһ¾佫صĴ󶼻󽫾ˡ
ҲһƬţֻƬ̣䣬һ󻶺ڴ
Ӣ
ĳ佫аٹ٣һǷ׷׹

忴΢Цٹ٣ģþ˵
ķͣԭΪ棬ͻֹû뵽ûֹٳɴ£⣬Ǹж
ǫˣΥ㶼̸󣬾û̸ˣʥ϶ķʵ
Ͽܰɡ̸պ˵ȥ̸󹦳ͬΪҲֵҵȸοƽҫһ

΢Цѹ׷׿ڵ
΢ּ꣡
ĬƬ̣ǰ˵ĿУּл
ϲóɾ̸͡󡯣Ϊƴ10㣡
ϲնɱ˾δ꣩20ܵ㣡
ϲնɱҪʥڹ̫ס50㣡
ϲնɱʳɾ͡ʳߡۼƽ80㣡
ϲáʳĹ֮սĳʤ150㣬ڴս׵ĸı½صʷ⽱60㣡
ϲһϵеͻɾͺͱ֣رǴսľ޴ʤ춨½ص¸֣µľ棬Ϊִ١
ϲʽΪִ١µ⣬ԤƽҪʱ£

ʱһܵϢٲԺг̶ϤʱͻȻٴԺʥʵķ;ĳ׵ʳ֮䣬ⳡսʽսᡣ
һսΪִ֧ΧɳİԾ˵ٶģȫһգڣڵȵս󡰽̶ֻ͡ʱ䣬ٻ370㡣
õĽ֮ͣսǰҪ
һɲǣиܵһԵϲá

䣡
Ƭ̫֮͵Уʥʶķͣ˳һ㣬Ѹٴݡ
̸һλ䶯¡
Ȼ֪Ϣûз飬ֻһϲõģĵĻ
ݸأϢһİߵͷ죬һ̻ǳ
һ̵Ϊˣ˾ĴӢۡ

ꤣӻʹڰյļеӭУص˼С
֮ãʹ̫ǰ
Ӱǰһ
飡
һ̻գȻڸ߿ҵıըȻǰһĻʦ֮հĺ󣬵Ϊ忭ף
ʥվ̨ϣֶ¶һ˿ģ޵Цݡ
壬޹Ȼûп㡣
ʥ㵭
Ǳ½̵з
һԱߴʿ߹վʥ΢ſڵ
ʥֻǵȻһЦһƬг
죬ǾԵǣҪʥλƵӣʥʿ⣬ΪԵϲá

ͻȻһϸ΢̫дǼ䣬ն䣬̫ΧŮȫԶԶ˳ȥ̫Χʥʺ͸ʿ֮⣬ˡ
£ýȥˣ
ʿͷ
ʥ΢΢üǵЦݽȥȴʲôҲû˵һӣܿת̫С
飡ž
ܵһУ߹ͫһɫ͸һݵǣԥ֣ܿһҩޣ̫С
ɫһУȴ֪

һ࣬¡¡ӻʹ岢ûлصԼһգȽҸۡ
忭Ӵʳ۶͸ʦؾŵƽʣһƬ֡
ڻˣ
ҴţĸϴѾߡˣվ̨ϣӭӵȴ壬ۿͨ죬ϲá
ף
ҲůһѱסԼĸס
ǰȻǸ߸ϣޱȵս޲ʤĴ󽫾޴󶼻ԼĸǰȴԶֻһӡ


1930 ޽ǣԶǣ
㿴ΪһƷھˣ
меŽƵĲ˳ȥ
Ļһʱʪۿ
ָΪʲôҫֻҪܹȫԼڹٳϣսϡ
ж־ķû뵽⺢ƴҲԼжʱǸжǸп
ããҵĺöӣΪе
Ͻӹžᣬʵ
죬Ϊ׼һòˣΪ칦
Ĩᣬæȥ
ϻϲģиůܿҲ˼С
һҹ֣һƬϲ졣

ʱ仺ȥھ޴أһƬϲ죬ɳһƬϲյʱҹʱ֣ȴһ߳˷䡣
Ҹۡĵģʱ˿̣˶Ѿ˯һսʳսܣӴĺ˻ģ޵֣вܱһ֣Լʮȷʵֵøǡ
ֻǡ
פԺУ̧ͷһգȴ¶һ˿ǡ
޽ǣԶǣ˵֮£ԶǱ濴Ķ޷ἰ
ЩͷԺзӶ飬ƿţ̤ܿԼ鷿
ʱ˿̣ԭӦǿյ鷿ȴͷͷӥȸǡӡѦǧǡ£˻ڴʳص֮⣬˼ڴˡ
أ˶ǰӵġ
ˣ
壬˷׷׹񣬾
ôˣ
屳˫֣£һ۲Զȸڵ
شˣؾ·ϣѾȥһŵֺѯӽˮΪֹһ졢죬Ѿ˴ʳ⣬մ˵ķԸֺӽˮѾƹ㵽޵ȵأĿǰٶʯʳ
ȸΪ
ٶʯʳһٶʮˣʲôҲɣһʱ䣡
үһ֮ûĹҲûĵ۹ʲôԴ£ʹﵽһĿֱ꣬˼飡
Ҫ֪ÿ˰˰ԼµĿ֮⣬ȫصĲֿдʳҲֻһǧʯѣүһ֮ʹﵽһʳֱ൱漣ͨ˿ġ
ǰǰ󣬴鵽ڣүҲֻʱѡ
һ࣬ȸĻȴ΢΢üͷ
ٶʯʳܿܶ࣬һ˳һ꣬ǴƿԶֹһ˰
ңһаԼеӷ֮󣬱ǳƽ٣Ѿû㹻ʱȥʳˡƽ֮󣬴رأﲻѾʺֲãֲҲˡ
ʱԶԶ
̧ͷгġ
սںڣʳȱܣѵһ飬ǶأҪڴ޴أҰɽӣбѪ
˹֮սнɺʱؼѾֳһѩ磬Եס
Ӧ֮ôˣ
ͻȻڵ
Ӧ֮ԶԶֵģе֮أҲΪ׼ϣ֮ء
ֻ취
ǱߣӦ֮صĴֻһֱûͣ˾ǱҲȫ֧֣ںߵҲȫ¥ĿǰΪֹѾٰʮ͵⣬ޣֻҪԸȥģĸҵĽҵǶŵнҲжʮ򹤽
Ӧ֮Զ󣬺½̫֮ԶϢʱ䣬ǻ֪ǱߵΪ֮أһж̫⡣
ͻȻڵ
ǱߣͶӦ֮أһֱģⷽ棬ȸ
Ҹʽ𣬼ӿٶȣҲ뵽У¥⣬Ǵʳֳʮʯ͵Ӧ֮ȥĽ꣬Ҫ̵ʱ䣬ٶȣӽˮӦ֮ȫֲ

ֻ죬һģ˽ֺֻӦ֮ˡﴦֱĵشһʱգӦýҪֲһ죬ʳҲֻõˡ
ңӦ֮ٴﵽ½İ˳ɣõֲˮ֮ء
ΨһֵõĵľǵˮԴ
ʹĽ꣬Ϊʱպʱԭһǧ꣬Ӧ֮ص͵кܴı仯ˮԴԶеĺõöࡣ
ǣ
ǵͷԥ
⣬֪ͨگ죬ҴӦˡӽˮԸǣ
йâһͻȻڵ
䣡
Ļ鷿ڣ͵̧ͷ
⡭үǷ̫׵֮սگǴƵĵˣ٤ĸ׸޷ҲүУԴӽˮϢƹ㵽ޣ٤Ҳһˣ˽ɳ̽Ҳץ˼
گǵѻ˵ʱӽˮǣǷ̫׵ңһã͢ķ顣
ӳĬƬ̵һ仰Ҳ˵еĵǡ
٤ĸʮһ㣬گ£ϲ˵˶֪٤گض֮ǡ
ӽˮǸıĶΪҪǱڵĵˣ൱ʵУô̫׵
һʱһʱ
ֻǵȻһЦҡҡͷޱȣ
٤ĸײòһ㣬ģûв֮ûκôңֻҪһգگԶǴƵķ٤ҲƲʲôˡ߷٤죬ӲˮҪǰİ˳ճɣ
⣬дһŸ٤죬˽飬Ҷһ㣬ֻߣʲôʱһ̫ͳǲɽ𶥣
嵭
Ļ˶ǻһЦ塰ԡ£Ѵ£Ϊɵ¼ɳӻͻʰǧ˵ıﲿӣɳ޿ɺŭڣвҪټʮԸһ⡰ɽţʹɳ޿ɺ˲侲еĴҲȫɢȥ
һۣܸǿĴʳ·ĺû˸ҳġԡ
ǣ
ӹһ񣬲ٶ˵
ȷʵڵĴ죬ָ׹ĺ˻ûвµġ٤ȻҲǷ񣬵ְĽȣȴһ㡣
⣬ڿʼܱ߸۹ʳڣܵĹţ֯־Ƴ⸬ɡ

ˮԶԶģֶ࣬׼ԽԽá


1931 ʵĶߣ
ǣˣ
ȸ
״˵ͷ滺ࡣ
Ѧǧ׼֧ôˣ
ĿһתȺеѦǧ
˺ʮɱһϵдսڵѦǧ̥һ㣬ʾޱȣȫ߱˶һ
ү֮ǰķԸѾӴ֮ѡ̽ӣֳʮ飬ÿӶһḻĶӳʱү
Ѧǧͷ
ܺãڿʼҪ뱱͸ͻʴԭһ·ﶫͻʺԱԶĵطҪ֪ͻʺԱе仯ĵͼΣеĶɭ֣ȫһһ

ɺ֮սǳͻȻıѩֻһСǰ׶ѣҪ֪ǳעĴѾеһԼﵽ˺Ҷȡ
ڵΪֹûбһָо̫ԶˣҪ֪صϢЩϢֻԼȥѼ
ף
ȻЩȣѦǧԥ
ʳƽܱȫǴƵĶ֣û֪Ϊʲô廹ҪɾǰôңԶĵطռЩǳ׷棬ʹףĿ֮ԶԱġ
ôȻԵɣһԶд
ڻһ£
΢΢һ鶸Ȼ࣬ϸ΢ı仯˵ע⣬鷿ڵҲʱࡣ
ոջܴʳʿ߰ʱ˭Ҳ֪ʲô飬ء
ǣڿʼҪȫȨ𶫱ݵˣˣȸȫȥ
һ
ҪȥһˣѼеϣ޾ϸȫ㱨
ⷬ鷿˴ΪȣԴƽյүڵĵλһʲôֵܹү˴ĵĵ飿
֪ү˵˭
̧ͷɫƽ˫Ҳ¶һ˿ѹֲסľȡ
ɽ
忪ڵ˾ȵĿУ³ĸ֡
ƽʳ֮ķеһٴע⵽˶λݷϱĵˡ
սƣڱæԴƵĸвʱһλϢִͬԼġҵ
һխխֽдŵġδ֣֮һλеҰı¶š
ڴĺȻΣգָյĻ˻ԶλϻĺѽԴƷ۵УҲԶδǳƽУҪĽɫ
ɽͼıʲôҶɹģⱲӣڣԽ׳һ
һɲǣĿ˸һ£ǷĿƺ͸ؿռ䣬ͶŵңԶݡ

Ŀӹؿռ䣬һ·ңԶĶݡ
ݴһƬ죬ټеľ죬ôԸɽʱûж֪ڶһ˼ɽϣڽӽʱ֣Ӱɽ֮ϣϡ
ɽͣڶݻкܶ࣬Ҳʲôر𣬵ûж֪ɽǼӰ˵ֻܸݡ
һȺ˴ƣ
ӽʱ֣ĺɫ֮Уɽһǰһ΢ֵӰĿѩ˫֣ݵķɫպޡ
һ۾ܱϳϴξʦ֮ʱɱȴûɱİɽҲδĵˡ
̶ʱ䣬ɽλûиı䣬˵ȴ˷츲صı仯Ŀ⿪֮侫â䣬¶һҰĲ֮ࡣ
ԣǬӣãԱɽµĴңͬ˷츲صı仯һɹɻ˻ë籡²ʱи֮
ǿΪھѿԶһ棬ˣͬϵİɽһеķâֻעĵطֻĳҹʱ֣չ¶Լɵӡ
һôҪϣһܴƣһҲмһˣ½յܣǸûõķ
ɽҧгݣɫ޺ޣңԶҴʳѾУɽǺ޲ɱǸķ
ʮӴľǶô޴ʱУ˵ͳһ磬ڣôķӲĻӻˡ
ֻҪһ룬ɽбۡ
Ҳûа취£˭뵽Ǹ߾ȻôʿӲһɳʳھƻΪСοһսã³֥˼˳ȵ۹Ĵ󶼻ֹģıǰǴδйģ
һԱߴһȸߵıڵ
һսֻܱڶͬڹעⳡսսڼ䣬ÿʱÿ̶д̽ӴһϢ
ֻϧһսʥʽأҪȻĻһսǵǿ󵹸꣬ϴʳˣһٻ
ɽҲ࣬һǬݵķĿ絶һ㣬͸¶Ϣ˲
һսֻΪݣңԶͬʱŸ߾۹ɣͶͻʵ۹Ĺв۸ӣԭ򣬲ûе˭뵽дУȻ֮бܹһΣ
ʳսҵʱ򣬰ɽ˴󵹸꣬ϴʳƣֱ
ˣûķǸİҲһõҪĶһᣡ
ɽݺԼȭͷݺݵ
ԣλݵĴһԲڰɽ˵ģǴӲɡ

ʱҹɫ֮УͻȻһƿֻʱ䣬һֻҹӥշ˶£ɽļӰȥ
˵ĿⶼеֻҹӥϣܿһӰƹɽǰסֻҹӥ
ʦոմϢǸӷ⻤󽫾ͻﵣͬʱӰͼΣ̸󣡡
ֻǿһ̧ۣͷԵİɽ
ˣ
һɲǼ䣬ն䣬ɽʹǬӵ˲ɫѿޱȡ
̸ʥʾȻǸһ˺񰮣Ȼ̸󣡡
ɽɫڲ
Ȼ֪ܴʳλȻܵͣǰɽҲû뵽ӾȻ˶衣
̸󰡣
Ѿû˹̸ˣսͽһ󽫾󶼻Ҫȴ޷õĴ
Ƕãثһº͵˵Ҳ޷õڣȴһֻʮ塣
һǣɽԼܸоõ·һһ㣬ʳࡣ
߽ʣ


1932 еݣ
˵ǰ»ɽúʹǬˣ;˺ʹΪУʱҲɵøоһļʡ
ܵķֻͣҪ佫ûвʵġ
˵һлԶֹˣ˶ǵãǸ֮ҹλŴͻȻ˽ɷ˵Ҫնɱ
ֵУİТڣ꣬岻ȥᣬȴƫƫֵ͵Լ
ʦ֮УǰɽδᣬСʱʦ֮аɽ͵ûκγ֮£Ȼλ֮ӣһ֣·һ㣬ֱһҪɱ֮ļơ
еԵɣ㵽ΪֹɽʹǬӵ˶ףҲǸδţλԼû֪
ɽ޷ܵǣҲͰˣҲͰǴ¼һξʦӵΪľٶƫƫڴ֮һ·߸ߣٷһֲּӷ⻤ͻﵣ̸ڴƼֱȨ졣
ôһݶ˰ɽԼ˵Ľأɽڸ̤㾩ʦһ
ȨԽ˾ԽǸоâڱ
⣬Ѿ̫ã֮ǰ㵽½䣬Ҫףݵķ򡣡
ÿǧһδ棬һСǨƣ³гд˰ܣƼһСӴ󺺳𣬵ǧʱ䣬½֣µĸǿȵףλעӣ
ʱһʱֻʱ䣬ͿһµʿһȣŲӣӺ
ǱδӣһСС̸ʲôʱԼһҪ˭ȥ˭ȥ⻹ȫƾ⣬ֺαһСС
ҡͷԣȻһЦ
ڣض𶯲ѣ۵ʿȻɳҪѲ飬ȴʼûеõ塣
һ·תת˶ݣΪ˰ɽߵһıʿʦ
ɽȻҰĲһֱڶһ½˽⣬һǬӣҲˡ
Ǹвͬһλ½طָơ
Ȼ޸֮Ϊƽ־зҽַתƵ˴ϡ
ɽõ绢߱˷֮ࡣ
һ࣬ɽԭĵļʺͷŭһȻ˶ʱá
ã˵ĺãУ߽֮ţʲôḯδҪܹӵ£ضҪһְλ
ɽЦ
л
ͨ죬ִȣһ
ŮΪüݣʿΪ֪һ־ֻǰλĽ֮ţҲǸԸ׷ԭ
һ⡣
ɽЦһֹüӹһ˿
֮ǰǲʹǰȥϵʳʵ۵ʱȥıһղصĴ󺺳İử滹һֽ˵ķıⲻǰƵľӲ鳭ˣҵֽ䵽Ǹ˵
һ˲䣬նٱ䣬ĸжüͷ
˭֪ɽеǸ˭
ʹʳ磬ѾǳСˣ͸ķȫԴʳдڳ˭֪ʦеλȺ飬Լ࣬ͨԣʳ֪
дʳ﷢У롣
Ǹửֽϣ֮֡
ɽ
־һɽһʼѹͷص
֮⼸ֲС£ڵĵλһʱը
ʵϣ˵ʥʦس𣬰ɽһֱоǿҵĲ
ԣǬӡãˣҲüͷ壬Ĭ
飬˶֪ڴ³ɾ֮ǰ¡δ֮İѱ֮٣˺ܴ
˭Ҳ˵ָĻ
ǡһЩ˭սǰ뵽ʮʳӣɳĴʥڹ̫ףͬʱо޾ӴսȻƣҶˡ
ңȻЩðʧվһ˼δ֮õǴʳûȷ֤ݡ
صģķıУز֪ɳһ㡣͵ıǺδؾܹעõ
гƬ̣ͻȻڵ
ңûȷ֤ݣƾһ֮˵ʲôǱ²⣬뵽Ҳһκε
ǣǸݵӡǡ
ɽ˵еĵǡ
ķʶݵӡǣǴǼͷʶģɽڵģ֪ǼֵĿ»ֹһ塣
᲻ǷƷݵؽܹͳֶģǷ׾ܲó
̫ǣĵ飬ʱ䣬ֻҪڶɢĻɣע⵽ضʱɳ̽̽ʱٲȡԲҲ١
˼Ƭ̣ͻȻڵ
ھʦ֮Уⷬضһݣֻƾ̶һ仰ССģ;֮
Ͱ˵İɡ
ɽ˵ͷࣺ
ˣȥɡ
ǣ
˹һ׼ȥ˶֪Լƽϲɽһ˾
һ£У¡
ɽͻȻ
ǣˡ
ɫһ㵣æͷ
ֻƬ̣ǬӺ뿪ɽֻʣ°ɽ͸УһһĶˡ
̫δֻжɽһƬž˼кɣҲ֪ɽҪʲô
У
֪˶ãɽԸУƼžͻȻˣ
㣬ľδӣ𣿡
ⷬǧܵҹɫҲ֮
Ȼȷɣ
ԣɫһæͷԥ
һǰҵʱ򣬾Ѿڽ˵δ֮֮ͨһǰ¸оΣǰѣһºλȷʵץңһ˵µ㲢ûд
Եһ棬֮ǰδͨǱ֮²Զǧ֮ҵ˵⡣
ɫݣдʡ


1933 ɽļɵ
һĸ岻ͬԼ㣬Ҿ壬лѧڶѧ׾㣬ҲΪˣΪˣҲǸѧżԭ
ݵشɽȻڶ࣬Ǵ˽ɽ롰ӡϵһ𣬱Ͼʥʵû˿ԳԽʥʣǴΪǿʢ֮ʱ
ֻие֮󣬵һεڽƺɽδ֮˰ɽǱصҰġ
ֽϵļ֣ԴǳԸ֮ڣ
ɽ޶ԣгĬƬ̣ŵ
ǲţֻǬӡüλ󽫾֪ӾʦѣΧвԼΪȫͻͽȫԽ˳Ӳеס
ӣԲ˱֡Ǭӡüλ󽫾ΪĽմȾΪŻΥĴЩ֤𣿡
е
ǰⷬɽڷ˵

ǴδӾʦͶвǬӡáǬ˶֣һʵʼϳĴ
ֻҪڵĵطۣʱʵʣγһ㣬ͺڤڤһεǴעһ
Ǭӵ˻̫ԣһɽξͻ
ҲڽŰɽңԭ
ʼʱҲǷпΪʵԭ츳˿ٵΪ仯
ֲ²ܿͱ˷ˣΪֹͣͬڣԲ츳˾ͿԽ͵ġ
˺ˣǧ꣬δйӣܹΪδ֮𣿡
ɽ˵
⼸ȻӣڰɽߵĵλͻͽʱͳΪҪıʿ֮һδ֮˵Ҳɽܡ
ɽԶᶨ
ǺˣǺˣǧ꣬ʱ򣬶ûгֹӣܳΪδ֮
ֻЩɻ󣬰ɽǰ˵ֻ˽µʱ򣬲ŻῪʳ
ҲúʹǬӵԭ
ΪûйӣδͳεĽֹݣܱʱԶԶԽڵĴơҲѡԭһ㣬ġ
һ࣬ɽ㻰ԻһȴڵأϿңԥ
ǰδ֮棬£ǬҲ²ԶǧݣͶЧԭ򡣡
δӣһ㲻ػɣ
е
ⷬɽüͷʱչࡣ
ػɣǡ֮ӡνӸ߹˲֪ٱ
ʱ򣬻ûȰɽڣһޱȣͻȻؼ
ʱ˿̣ɫɽվɽȥ˷һˣǹȻͺ˶˵һ
ˣ
ϣڵأͻأһԳļɵˣȴʲôû˵ʲôҲûҲûɫȻڸ˵Ѿǵһηˡ
°ɣһ˴ᡣ
ʱ򣬰ɽһӡ
ǣ
ж˵Ѹ߰˲ת뿪
ڸ뿪󲻾ã밲ɽĵطŤڰŨˮ仯ɿüŨһ㣬һ𣬺ܿ仯һģΡ
ˣ
ɽ˵û˿⡣
޴벻ھȻڻԼݡ
صĺӰγǰ
һԼ
Էǳ⣬ɽ⡣
ұκ˶ҪΪףڴƵķâʵ̫ʢǿĴʳǡ֮ңҲˣʥһݹݣպʹضˣȻʵǸ˵ǰҲԿסһ
ɽһµӡ
ֹʳ֮սݵķ紵ݶһһɽɳ˴̽ӣ޾ϸռ
ϢУɽ𺳵ľ֮ҡ
ɽȻھʦʥһԶݶе
Ǹʱ𣬰ɽ͸е˼ĲʱجΣľҹ¡
ЩɽӲ֮ڸǰдһʣҲԴԭ
ֻҪǸ˻һգҸ췴
ɽ˵һ䡣
ֻҪƾʦĻλǧһۣɽֻԼצսսκγľٶ
ԭˣ
ɽĻǵغӰͻȻࣺ
ΪԭǵɲءܴʳƵ۹۷壬Ǭʢ˥ǧŲĵܿ죬һжڣ㵣ĵλʥʡҲֲ˶ˣ
仰ɽ͵ػͷ۾
ܿͼֲˣ
ʲô˼
ѵ˵ƵһλҪݱˣôܣ
ɽжʱɲ
ʥֵʢôܻͻȻݱ
ʥʵ书˵Ӱûʲô⣡
Ϊµһˣ˭ܹɱ
Ǹ˲Ļᣬ仯µλıʿѾ۲⵽𡣡
ǹĺӰƺ֪ɽʲôЦ
ɽϾĵģɽһ˲Ϣͷ
ǹӰ͸©Ϣڰɽ˵һĳ
жã
ڣɽܿڵһ˫ȵٴαŷҰġ
ʥ֧ۣξðĸʥʼݱңôһоȫͬ
ɽĻˡ
ǾʦλҲη壡
Ҫ˶ˣ
صĺӰ
⣬ʱ򣬻Ҫȥ
غӰܿ뿪ˣںӰ뿪֮󲻾ãһɱ
ڹȥ
֪ˡ
ɽһ
꣬δ䣬ɽͻȻһ౬죬ֻգ۵ʱ䣬ɽ۰ԼвҰȫ߶ѹ˼֣ԵԽˡ
常Ϲȥ
˵ţɽѸ¶һ˿ЦݣͺһĻͨӣȫ֮ǰκμ񡣽һɽѸɽȥʧããԭҰ֮С
󣬶Ѹټס

Ҳᶫݵ飬ңԶľʦС
һа׵֮£һ֧һ֧ǧѡľѸ뿪ʦǡȸǡѦǧָӣѸʧڱԼ


1934 Ӱħ٣
һƬ죬ֺͻ֮£ΪģһӴλת
£ӽˮܿ˵گ˽ţҲԤϵһ÷٤ԼگȺΪܿ죬٤дһţӦҪ󣬲ұԴĹ޶ģôǸǼΪǫ
ǱߣĸԤ£ҲӿٶȣЩѡˣӿӦ֮ء
ֻǣüǰӦ֮ػǹԭʼѾ֮Ǳ߼ӿơǡͬʱһЩ¯Ķϡ
Ǳߣʱûô졣
һжڰͼɵĽС
䱸ɭϡ
ĸ֮ͻصԼĸۡ
ˣ
֮У˸ڴϷǽɫգұǺɫѪ£ӿͬˮӿƵش󣬼ÿһ䡣
ͷɫҲУ֡
ԣһĹ⻷֣ɢϢ΢ռϢһģһ
Ϣӿ֮䣬Ǹռ䲻ϺӦཻĳֶ
һι£Ϣ糱ˮ仯ƶڵ
һսʬҰ޵ҳ̶
˵ⳡսɱʥںʹ˾˻˽ҲһЩջ
ԽԽоġ΢֮ǰһߵľ磬֮ս˵һ㡣
̫׺ͬ΢磬ֳսȴԶ
á塢³ôһΧ㲻Ķ֣վԳôǿ۷ޣ㱻۶Ϲͷ˵Χ̫׵ʱ廹ˡԯʥ񻰼
ͬ΢ӦôĲࡣ
һָо̫׳΢һսУѾһ΢֮ϵĸ߾硣ֻϧ̫Ǹʱѡ˶󹦿һ
΢֮һиߵľ磬ʲôôܴﵽǸߵľ磡
˫գһȴתͷ
¼е磬ֻϸܵʥ侳۷壬۹󽫵ľ磬󣬱޼ءܴﵽؾ磬ȫΪʦаƾһʮصĻۣؾ磬ܹ˳ͻơ
ڴ֮ǰ΢ļضûС
ȻҲйִ˵ȫԶﴫȡš
΢ϣ翣޴׷Ϊֹ澳˽ģҲֻʥˣ
а
ʥޱƽ侳飬ںЩǰ֮ڣͨ˿켣ƶϳȻѾĩܶ˽ܣڴ֮ǰ֪侳⼸ֵģڷࡣ
û֪ʥôﵽô߾ģֻܰһйʥʵĿ츳ԼȨ⡣
ӣ߸ϣ󲻿ԣ
Ƶȼɭϣ鳼Ҫʥ˽΢֮ϵľ磬ƿУʵûвԣڻС
ЩͷԺзӶܿع
ˣ
һ̣𶯣£ǵͶµӰͻȻȻѸٷסȫֻһգۣ䣬Ѹʧԭء
ڴſڣһһģһĺӰͻȻ֣ԶĵطһӰ֣ǵĵ
Ĵ֮У䣬λã֮жֺӰ
еĺӰһʱ侲ֹһжһ㡣
ٶȿ쵽㣬ͻĳµӰӡ
Ϊǣˣ֮ȴһƬӿûУͺһֹĻһ㡣
Ӱħ٣
ǹķնǿڹž£˸Ե۹ЩӰħʹõĶ
ǵٶȿ쵽ޣԽ˺˵ġնݡһϢһ㣬ϢŶûУͺǱһ㡣
޿ǣǵԺǵļ䣬Ҳ֪ͬųѣ漶ġӰħ١
ڡӰħ١Ӱħһ֣˸Ե۹ҪǶҲջ
ˣ
֮Уġ飬ԽԽ࣬󣬼޴
ৣâһӰɢȥֵ֮ϣ¶Ρ
ɣ
ͬһʱ䣬ŵ
֨ƣ
Ŵ򿪣¶һ˿϶͸϶룬ڵһĹӰ⾲ĵġ
²μˣ
ڣһľȻ𣬾ھ岽ĵطһߴӰźۣϴһűߣ幪һ
Ӱֵɲǣڶ·˺
̫أӣ
ߣӦýˡ
ԴӸ棬Ѫģ֮ҪҵЩ֮˾ʧ˵Ұ֮УӰ֮С
ӲжҲӲ¶棬Щϵش¼սǱ֮Ĺ֮ս˴ûгֹ
ֻΪ׷ˡڣ֮⣬еһж޹ء
ûдȡʲôǡǡ෴巴ܶ๦Դֵҩ޵ĹӦ컯Ҳһ
Ψһһ
ѾеһУȨƸλݣеһйĳ̶ֳϣѾǸˡ
컯аѧڱлΪ䣬֪оԲᡣ
ңҲֻС컯ܰɳӵжԸ׷ٺˣ˵֯Ļ
Ĵ컯Ѿﵽ˰˳ɻ򣬴նҲ߳ɻƾѾӵ֯ǰʵˡ
Ŀ磬ֻɨһۣ˵Ϊ
尵иԴ͹գûԼʧڣ˳ɵΪ
ֻǣЩ֮ˣ̫వЩδܴӰ졣
忪ڵ
˵ʵǲģĴ컯ΪҲ̫ˣԸоʹĳЩΪƫķȫ˺äĿѾ;
ұǸˣܻãʲôʲôҪģֻҪץЩˣҵѪһоͶֵã
촽䶯Įû˿·̸۵Ǳ˵һ㡣
ĬƬ̣֪ƾԼζ˵ġ
䣡
ϣâһûж˵ʮ˲両֣һɢɫâ¥ϸʣɢ޾İء
ֻһգۣɫĴ罭һƺƵƿն˲ˣ뵽ڡ


1935 ˵ʹ
䣬һգɹڡ
ѾȫЩˣַʽ̫ã໹а˴Σͻ֧Ųסױ

˾ӣʱʵ̫ʮʮʱûдﵽܸߵĳɾͣʮſʼЩѧ
ϵȱݣζֲ˵ġ
޹ؽҪ˲صģ˻ǸңٻĿİɣ
ͦĮȻ
ţ
Ƭ̣ܿ쿪ڣ
һ񽻸㣬ϣȥ׷ѰһЩ
˵ţһţžһ򿪣գۼ䣬һ˶ĽԲƿնǰڰ֮УȻǹºնǵʥµǸƺġ
ʲô񣿡
Ԥϣ˼ûдӦҲûǰнӹԲ򣬷ԭأһ
˵ȥԸͻʺ߶ԸĳˣˡԴӦҼǵúܾ֮ǰͺ˵ҴֻһĿģǺЩ޹ص飬һŲ֣
ǵ˿һĻض൱𺧡£û˸˵˵µġ
ϣֻǵ˵ͷ⡣
û˱ףʲôΪⱾԸ
İɣҸ㰲ŵ񣬺Ҫҵйء
˵ţʳָյĽԲһ㣬ǣһ촫ԲѿֳĿ飬¶һȭͷСķС
һָڷһصĻһд򿪣ʱ¶һСĳ
īʵ޻ֻбһػƣΪ⡣
ھĵģһ̣˶ԾıĿ⣬Ǹ
óĶһһ㣬˶ܸоǸĽԲ򵥡
ߣָҵһЩĶֻҵЩҵˡǼסζҪǽ֣ҵص㣬㱨ңһб޹ء
һ˦ǸɫХˡ
ף
˶˵ӹһѸʧڴڣͺûгֹ
뿪֮󣬴ںֻܿʣһˡ
ϣһĿȴĻһ£·ĳֳ˼
ڹºնǵĹžصףջǿħ֮ӣҲǽɫӿµǡǡʥڽԲµǸɫ
ʥµĵڶϢҲһϢ
δߣⷬһҪסЩҪ磬ضҪ㣬ͬʱҲǽ
ԲڵĶǶо˴ߣѾ޴۶߽ᾧһΧڣܸӦĴڣδҲȻǵ磬ǰֶߣͬˣ
ڤڤУž֮УصǸʥڽԲµٴԺڻ졣
ΣܸʲôۣҶǳɹģ
ŵһ֪ʱгһƴСĺɫˮֻһգۣͽ
ɫˮʥµһڣֵʱ

˼ʱͻȻһ󼱴ҴҵĽŲӵ⴫ܿ죬ǽŲڴſȻֹһ⹧
ү̫
Ŷ
üͷһعдΪ⡣
̫֮󣬾Ͳ֮ûС£ټ飬鲻
ο˽Ԫȯ͸Ǯׯ⣬ԼӴʳ˻ʮƽ𣬻и鱦֮࣬ЩҪűĴȶʱӦó鲻Ŷԡ
ңҲ˵̫ﶼûʱȥô췴ʱݷԼ

Ȼţȴԥ
գ
ֻƬ̣һĽŲһͷƿţһЦݣ˽
͵ܣҵĺ͵ܣʤھʦҲӰ
ԶԶģ˫ֱȭϲ
ѵô٣
һЦæӭӡ
ʱƣһʱգԼλֶ忴ȻЩ̫õªϰС񣬱öģɢݶͣȴƲʲôҲûиɹʲôǿŮаԵ飬෴ǶģҲжƷһ֮ܶ˿»Ҫǿࡣ
ңѧ漫츳̫֮ҲΪ𣬸ɵñ֮ǰ̫䶼Ҫãƹű࣬þбﶼûκλҡ
Ȼ˽£ҲЩ̰īСë͵͵ӹõǮŵǮׯЩ嶼֪
ȴ̰īҲֻЩϲ̨СҲһֻ۱һֻˡ
񶫺λ˵ˮ㣬覲褾Ϳˡ
ܿеѾ߳ϸ衣
磬Ԫȯôˣ
һڲ裬ʵ
ǵϴΣΪԼʱ͸Խ
ǺǣĸԪȯΣѾڣԪȯֹܱͨ߸ޡдСɶʹá
رܴʳ󣬸ԭЩڶôˡһҪѽԪȯŪɺȥ½綼ʹýԪȯ
˵üɫ衣
ԼţֹˣҲˣҪ֪Ԫȯʮİ취
ȻЩ˲ţЩˣӸ֣ȫš
ԲһЦ½綼ʹýԪȯԼλֻпգҲǡǡ嵱ԪȯӸʥʵĿġ
ԪȯԪȯҪµĻƽһ򾡣µĲƸƵУ
һ˵ְ̫λʺԼλ磡
ýԪȯͨ磬ҲǲܡڻԽԪȯǣãΪԪȯû㹻ĶΪУƵǲġڲͬѾӴʳ۹ʮƽټϴʳǰڸƵԼеĻƽѾһʺӴˡЩƽ𶼿ΪԪȯС
ֻҪ򣬲ֻ֪ҪнԪȯͿɵĵһƽ𣬽Ԫȯ͵ڻƽ𣬲ڸһ㣬пԽܣȻҲͻΧĽܡͨˡ
ܽܽԪȯȴǲܻܽƽֻҪһպ󣬽ԪȯȻܳΪң



1936 ȵĵǣ
һһ磬ƾӴԼֻƽ𣬴֮һ۹ʹԼĻҳΪҡ
ڴѾȫ߱ѹʵƽ棬ʮֵĻƽȼУǸ۹Ļƽ𴢱ҪӴ۴ĸ濴ƶ߱ҵ
ҡ
棬еĸ֣һһƬͨ͸
͵˵úã˵úãңҡ

֮ǰֻ֪ҪýԪȯͨһֱܵԸôĽԪȯҲһƬԺ˵ҡʱȾͺඥ˵ĿһһӾˡ
ԣֻһЦҲԼ˽ġ
٣ƽٽ£ҪԪȯǲеģʱϾͲԣԴΪ˵δһԴΪģͳϽ½Ȩ
ԪȯһˣһШӣΪδ»
ȻЩֻĵ뷨Ӳἰ
ˣƽҲѵõңҲӦæһΣǷʲô𣿡
һͻȻʵһ˵ţһƳһۡ
ˣ
ȻĻȱƽȴ΢΢һ¡ʱ֪Լĸоûд
ȸսŵʱһصӣȻ̸Цʼһüͷ΢΢Ȼ¶
͵ܣ˼ݣĿʲô㡣
ȳƬ̣֪ǰʲôҲԳϣ
ȷʵ󡣡
˵ţݣһ˵ţһϵĲѺһڡ
̹еôˬ죬Щ졣
ĺƽ¡ʢ֮ʱ̫ҲɫЩȣʵ˲٣ЩҶţѵʲôôĵ𣿡
ʵ
ȵķӦС£ƽѵʳҲˣܵʥʳŵʱ̫ںӦϳҰûκεĶ֣Ըǣʲô飬
⡭̫λãҿǴˡ
̾Ϣһһǵ
ôܣ
üͷһֵˡ
Ȼں֮ǰ̫㣬˹֮󣬵ҲǾҵҵûʲôëѵǺֻ֮ǰڹк͹Ů̫Щľֱ֪ˣ
ŲһСǮǮׯŴ鱻˸淢ˣ
ûУЩ޹أ
һı飬֪ʲôæҡͷʸڷϣ
ǵã٣Ҳס
˵ʥʡô£
üͷڵ
ǰңʱ䣬ӦһƬƽͲŶԣѵ˵Լڵʱ䣬ʲôԼ֪飿
ңʲôСס
⻰ʲô˼
ҲЩˡ
¡Ҳ֪ȥ˵
ݣǶıǰҲΣʵϣϣõ
̫࣬ʾҵҵȻСºͿȴӲͿЩ͵ҲǿüģҲû˵ʲô⼸ȴЩԾ
Ǻͱйء
üͷ΢壬ԺһͷȴûдȵĻ
̫䣬ǰǴӲʵġǴӼǰʼͻȻЩԾһΣû˿ףͻȻʼҴƿ¡֪ǰûз
ûע⵽飬ԹԵ˵ţ
ΪֻһʱҲû̫⣬ǺЩԾˡ棬ºҼΡ
жһ¡ų͢Ա棬ѯȹ飬ĳ̶ֳϣʹŲΣҲѹȻеˡ
ֻ˰ɡºٹʣʹӲʣսģҪĹִַʳ⣬дżѪ£Ҳʲôɡ
忪ڵ
ЩǷִʳǰͷˡ⣬ڼǰû˿ףҲû֪ͨͻȻͳҵĸۡϣҴ򿪹⣬鿴еĽ
͵ܣ֪ģԶҳľûнԲ鿴ģȻоȣΥֻܴ򿪹⣬ǰȥ鿴
ǲŸոս⣬û߼ͻȻı⣬˵뿴ˣȻȥһ֪ʲô
ȳüͷԽԽ
һҲͰˣ⼸ٷΡ½Ҵ򿪹ţڰ·ޣͻȻȥ
͵ܣҴңǲѾҲҪҵ̫ˣ
û˵һɲʲôǶʱڣȴֲ׽ס
ȶ̫Ŀأ֪ģ飬ȸо񲻰Ҳ֮ˡ
ǲ֪Ϊʲôܸоûô򵥡
¶㲻ǵڣ̫λϻòģڳϣʱû˱ʤλãңҲûⷽķʶãԵ޹ʳ㡣
尲ο
͵ܣ˼У˼룬ԼԼֻҲͰˣҲΪ¶Ҳǣ¶ĳ谮֪ģ֮ǰϧԣǰ֮ңĻҲͰˣѾǱֳãϳ̫֮ǰļΣ⼸¾ȻһҲûȥ
ҵǴӾ·ǼƽʱһȾƵ̫һΣ°ڼǰ湬ڰ·ͻȻı⣬̫
͵ܣǰҲڣ̫λôģû˲סƾùнգȫΪڱܳ裬ûʲô㲻ģϲɣˣ˵ǲѾᷳˣ
˵ţ磬ݣʶ壬Ѿȫû⡣
ӵִﾩʦһȾǱŹ͸ġΪΪ
̫ڻʵ˵ĻȴԼ׷»ҪסԼ̫λʲôȶԣĵľ̫ʧ衣
̫ûˣܶɽ𣬻Ĺְʧ裬ӡ
Ϊ⼸켸ҹ£˺ܾãҵ
͵ܣոռӷ⻤˻ﵣ̸ֲܱصʱΣ㶼Ҫ취ֺﰡ
˵Ŀϣǽеϣŵϡ
һ࣬忪ʼʱ򻹲ɾЩСԼԼԽľЩԾˡ
磬ﶼָо𣿡
üͷڵ
̫ͬСɣǰ̸۵أ˵۽񣬵Ω̫ἰʱԼ²ֻԼĵˣֻλ湬ҲͬĵǣԲȳһĻɣ


1937 ̫ӣ
ȸоʥʶҪ̫䣬ٹҲۣŮӵ˼ϸرˣоֻҪһı仯ǵĶĿ
̫оЩףʾȫһˡ
͵ܣ㡭ʲô㣡
ɫһҲûϵȻôȻϵ̫ġ
õ϶Ĵ𰸣建²ѣɫҲ
ৣ
ȾȵĿУһͻȻվڴл˲ӣһ˼ӡ
Ǽ黹Ƿ𣿡
ƺ˼Ͳ⡣
ʥӲ⣬飬ϱļǷģʱսܣ˹սܣһкڶȫͬ
ĩʱԶﴫ̸ʥʣⶼһҪ¼
˵̤⣬򿪴֮󣬿ɽ纣һ㣬һͷĽƱипѡ
һΣʶƾȻ˵ǿʢ͸УҲǴʱʥʵ̬ȴ䣬ԼûбҪٻȡˣʼɻñΪһ֡
Ȼ̫˵ĩ˵һֱкܴڣҪǣʥ֮飬ȷʵ̸۵һ
Ѿگ˹صı˵۹ˡ˹֮սȻδȫǣʳѱҳ׵֮ҽеĴ¾һգҲûз
෴ϳеһжѾıˣΪʲô黹ǷˣżȻ˵ʲôϵ
Ժд˷˲Ϣͷ
͵ܣô뵽ʲô𣿡
ʱһӶߴ
̴ϣڵ
գգ۾ܿعͷ
粻ضǣ㾡Իȥ¶Ķ˥ȥᣬڲᣬδҲᣬڱУĵλȥ٣ֻʱ䳯ʱȻȥġ

ʷθı䣬Ҳܹô£һԿ϶ǾǲκʱգҲһڣ̫ʥŮˡ
ʥʶ̫ʲôϲɣɫ˥ڵ˵˹ϵģ̫ĵȫ졣
ģ
Զʱ۾һϲޱȡ
󹬹֮£ǰĴ󽫾ǸûʲôȨģ˵ĻҲΪţȶȴһäĿΣֻҪ˵Ļ£º󶼻ᱻ֤ȷޱȡ
Ǿ¡áΣ֮£嶼һһѪޱȵĿ⣬ܹ׼ȷжϳıԼδ
̫¼ʱ̫ԼѶȹȺһأǵʱֻʮȴһۿʥʵľģ˵ıת֧̫̫ҲԸԳ˳ס湬ܷ
Щ鶼˳
һ¼ķչҴºҲȫסʥʵ⣬Ҳ̫Ҫԭ
͵ܣ㣡ֻҪô˵ԴˣһҾͻرſ˼صǡ
վϲԽ
һɲǣ·жǧص˶˲١
Ȼ֪δı仯仰ǱٿԳһŶˡ
˵ʱʱ죬ʱͻȻ֮䣬һ󼱴ٵĽŲ˼ʱȸͻȻҴҵ˽ϥأٵ
үոյϢ¸ոհ䲼ʥּΪ̫ӣ
䣡
仰ȶǻ͵Ťͷ˹
ʲô
͵۾漴ƴЦ
̫ˣʥڲˣ͵ܣȻȥȻú׼
֮ҺѾΪһ˳λ̳ˣ֮еı֣ҲʥأѾ볯Ұ¶ڲ²³Ϊ̫ӣ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ֮졣
ĹϵУȺǰݰֵܣһ壬̫֮λ̫ں󹬵ĵλ͸̩ɽˣﻹʲôҪĵġ
һЦУȺܿ뿪ˡ
뿪֮üӹһ˿׾Ǻܿ죬˿ͱ̫֮λϲó嵭ˡ
ڵȵһˣ
п¶һ˿Цݡ
Ƶ۹һδεĵ֮ڲӭ˵һλĴҲӭδ»ʡ
һ۹δҲͶˣ۹ҪĴ£
ȱ㣬ûдôĳǸҲûѩ¼Ļô̡ʺ֮
ĩ֮ʱַʽѪò˵ǼźҲƵʧͱܹƽȹȣʥֵʢʱƽȽӣҲǡǡһֱεġ
ȸҺú׼һݺһҪԼ֤

ǣ

䣡
ʥʲΪ̫ӣ¾һذը۹Ҳݴء
ʥӢ䣬ųǧһۣΨڲϣٳû˼ʮĵճӣ볯ʲô̫Ӳ࣬Ωȱǲ֣ûбʽΪ̫ӡ
ʥ˼ʮĻʵۣ̫ӵλþһֱ˼ʮꡣ
ʥʵ͢ȻҲз飬Ⱥ̫࣬ӣ˽£಻ʥʲô⡣
δӣϵشһͲ׸ģϵݴԼƵ۹δĹˣʥʾôСҲΪ
ڳ䶨̫ӣ˵һֵصϢ
̫ˣڲ̫ˣ
ҰһƬܡ
ʱգۼ͵ӡ
ˣʵگԻ޷گǻҰ£ĶΪδڣȻҵɼϣ̫λ֮ɾÿ
Һ¾ң³Ϊӵ䷶λگػ񣬸˳飬أ𢣬ԲᱦΪ̫ӣλ֮ͳԷĺ֮ģ
񲼸£ʹ֪

ڸ̫ǰʥʸϷԸʿ߹ʥּ£̨ϣ̫ʥּ£߸ߵǧ̨ϣٹٷԣ̫ķ
վڵվƽ̨ϣһͬ
ϷѾ࣬¶һ˿οЦݡ
ּ꣡
˵ĿУɫ£泯ʥʵķ˫ϥ£˼ȻӸʿϽӹʥּ黹̫ӡ
䣡
һɲǣʹ֮бһ춯صĻٹ٣ƵĽʹеĻʦҲŻ
̻ʦһƬϲ죡
ùӡʽΪ˴Ƶ̫ӣܿ촩Ⱥǰ
ϲ£ӦóΪ̫ˣ
һЦݵ͸ϲá
лл㣬壬㣬Ҳ߲գ
࿴ǰԵ


1938 ʥʵ쳣
һɲǣӿͷǵѵӪɽУԼԸΨΨŵŵΪǳңѪʱ
ǵõƭ㱻ίΪƵʱ
ǵոѧ书ӡӡʶƣ浽ʥܸ۾֮棬ʱһٵʱ
Ҳǵ֮ңΣңʱ
һһΣû壬ޱȵȨУΣͻ죬Ӳ̫ܵӵλãΪƴ
壬෢ĵм
ǣ²ذһжңֻǴԸܹߵգأ̫ӣһжԼŬĽ
ľֱΪıԾֱģ޹أҵհͿҺעδĴ֮ѡ
΢Ц
ҲЦûϾǿڵҵİһֱǣδα仯㶼Զѣ
º;ŹһδҶ㣬㣬Ҳϣδܹ͸ʺ;ŹһΪһϻԻͺʹ棡
ҲΪ֮ݣԸоⷬ棬Էθ
Ը֮Ը
忴Ŷ࣬ȻһЦֻ˵һ仰
һɲһԡ
̫ĲһƬнˡ
ʤʥ׳֮ҲѾˣڴƵİ˵ǰδеĶʢ棬δһƬ٣ֳξðơ
֮ǰĽ飬ʹʳ֮սõĽʮ˳ҰַݴصİС
ʹⳡսе۵еİգͬʱֲƽš·ˮΧˮ·ȫľãһж١
һзıȴҲͬΣ
֮һӰϢĽ֮С
ô
Ϸ΢գͷҲû̧ʵ
Ѿһˣƺ֪˻֡ʵϣΪ˴ͨ
ү
˻źۣҲûж˵ֻǵϥ£ͬʱȡһż㣬߸߾Ȼһ
ৣ
ֻһգۣǷⱡżʱɳԶûСֻǿһۣüʱӹһ˿ǡ
֪ˣ°ɡס鲻κ𡣡
ܿ콫ż𣬳
Сס
СƺԼҲԣֻһ˳˴ʧ١
ž
ָһż㻯Ϊ촷ۣûκεĺۼ
£㵽ôˣ
ͷǣһɲֺܲõĸо
ϣ
ںܿͻָ˰
ʱʦһ糣ȴһЩ΢ı仯
һȺ㵵Ϣûκ֪ͨ£ʥͻȻȱϯһ糯Ȼº͢ڼܿ飬ҵڶ죬һоͻָʥҲٳʷٻ¼顣
һУ·ֻǿʼ
ܿ칬оʹϢʥͻȻָ˹ʥ꣬ѾֹİϷӣһҹͻȻټһ֧Ϸ࣬Ȼʱɸʿ߹棬֧Ϸ࣬ҵڶ죬ʥٳ糣Ĵ񣬵黹ڳоһЩ˵Ĺ졣
λڳ飬ѯʥǷҪںؿϷ԰ϾҪˣϷ԰Ҳʲô̫Ĺʧʥȴʸڷϡ
еĴ󳼶Щʴӡ
һϢ
ʥں󹬣֪ΪʲôͻȻϵ֦ʱһϲ˾˰Ӽһ֦ʦȻʥҪò࣬»ϲ˾æһ󣬻죬ƥҹְڽһʵ֦͵
ʥƺֻһʱͻȻ뷨ֻҪһ֦Ҳû˵ϴٽ֮Ҳû´ƵǴ»ùеʷΪеļλʷֱӾдۣʥʴ˾˲ƣطմ㡣
ʥʵҲ̹ʣֱӳ˴󣬲ҴӹвЩڴ۵İգ֦ı
Щ飬Щ΢С£Ƕڳ͢ٹ˵˶оЩ
ʥִʮ꣬ʳֱ飬ûз
˭Ҳ֪⵽ô£Ƕڳϵϳ˵ܹоóʥʺƺЩ̫һ
ֻǣʥ³̣һ޶£ڳҲùȥ׷顣
Ȼˣǳ֮⣬ûж֪еЩϢȴȫܣȻ͵С
үе²飬ǱµЩٶʵЩ˰˼⣡
Уȸϥأüͷһ
еϢͨȸ󴫵ʥʺųǧһۣӢ䣬ǽڵЩ֣ȸоЩ˼ˡ
죬е鲻ҿģ

飬ȸռϢǴɣǲԷģȸⷬ˶У»ܴ鷳Ҳۣȸͼпܱץ
ǣ
ȸҲ֪ʧԣһݣ֪ҲΪԼãæͷͷ
ֻǰ˰֣ȸܿ뿪ˣܿͰ
һż㣬üͷһĨǡ
ʱ䣬ϱƽΪʥʵ飬˽´з飬Ҳкüλҹˡ
Դӱ֮жȥ˱ְλرĺƽУ¿β볯ᶼû̫Ĳ
ˣΪƵĹһλ̸ˣڴ֮УȻӵмߵĵλ
ʥʵ鲻С£Щҵ壬Ҳϣõ£ȷʥû£԰֮͢ġ
ϴ֮ңѾʥιɵѵʥʵĲ飬ûк𣿡
ˣüͷͻȻ˵һ
֮ңǱڹ֮Уʥʷһż󣬼񵤵ġɵִɵӵãǴɾѪƶɵģֻܹţһڼ
屾ΪԼκʥʣʥܹعʧɫһսǳң֤ȷʵˣڿƺֲô򵥡
ѵ˵侳ʧܣȫ𣿿ǣʧܣҲᵼ¹½ôᵼԸôı仯νͣ
üͷԽԽü
ĿǰﴫϢʥʵı仯Ѿǹ˥˿Խ͵ˡ
ӥ
âһͻȻڵ
ڣ
ﾲĵģǺܿ죬ӥӶ𣬾Ӱӥƫֳϥڵϡ


1939 ʥ롰족
ϵ¬ѧʿңԼߣҪѰй侳Ϣ⣬ҵƣѰɽеҽѰк侳صĵҩԼϢ
ɫ£ͷҲص
侳
ӥȻʶ̧ͷıӰ
öʣ˵İˡ

ʥʵ֪ԽԽãҵõϢ֮ǰ͸¶̫ಢǺ¡
ǣ
ӥܿӦһݣ뿪
ϣܹҵһЩõ
ͷ̾һа
¬֮ͨ͢ģ֮ǰ׭취ҳģټϸҴİѰҹŽ棬ѾȽоˣֻǼˣҲû̫İա
ʥʹΪӣԴԶԼ֮ϣ侳ʧܣʥʵضùٵԴҲѰ취ܹҵ侳ʧİ취ֻʥʵѾˡ
۹ʥֻ±ڵԼҪǿ౶
ֻ뾡취һˣ
а

뾡һа취Ѱ侳ʧܵƷʱڻʹУһӰޱȣ绢̣ϷϵצۣʾݣǴӣʥʡ
̫УŽգʥ֮⣬ֻи߹ʿ̷һԡ
ôˣ
ʥ΢գ¡¡ڴ
ЩЩѾڳܴ飬ѾвѯʣҲһӡˣϣһлڿƷΧڣûܴ󾪻š
߹
ô˵ţǸ߹͵͵Ƴһ۴ϵʥʣü䲻ӹһ˿ײǡ
ǺǣһвԤϵ𣿡
ʥʵûκβ
ǡѵûκΰ취𣿡
߹ֹڻ˳
һ䣬һƬţʥʶ࣬Ĭ
ϢϢ

ʥҡҡͷ
ʵ֪˴𰸣𣿡
ʿԣɫʱ˲١
ˣ˵Ҳӣ
ʥ΢΢һЦͻȻʵ
ǣ֪Ӧвٳҹˣձ·ԸеӶвֻǶһ
ʿ
£˼ֻ̫ã
ǺǣȥɣЩ飬վ֪ģ
ʥʵɫΪ裬м͵˼
ǡ
ʿֹ
صģ浽һ죬޻˵
ʥʰ˰ֹ֣˸ʿ
ԣڳĬٶ˵

֪˶ãͻȻһ΢ӶдС΢ɲ죬ʿȴɫһֱϷ
£ʱ䵽ˣ
ʿ
Ϸʥ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ֻƬ̣ʿȥһɫĹҩޣ˽
ҩòۣȴɢһŨڣɢһŨҩ㡣
дڴˣһĻضޱȣЩҩΪʥ׼ģ仰˵ϵĵĲǿѨ硣ֻǴʱ˿̣˸ʿʥʶˣ֪
ҴӸʿıһжԽ֣ˡ
оĵģʿܿȡһֻҩ룬ҩŨںɫһͿɬޱȵҩ֭ڡ
ҩ֭ͨҩ֭ͬʿУŨҩ֭΢΢𵴣Ȼһ΢ľɢ
£
ʿ̨ףϥ£Һɫҩ߸߾ʥǰ
ʥһԲĴӸʿнӹҩ룬ȻѾǵһˡ
ҩ뻺ۿʥʾҪ£һ̣ͻ𡪡
ѵ
û˿ףֻһڵϵıֻҺɫҩصҳɷ顣
ūţң
һŭͻȻӴ
һ˲䣬Ͻţն䡣
Ϸӿڸʿĸ֪УǸ۹ϵӰϢͻȻ췭ظı仯úԭͬ
£
ʿһ͵عڵأͷ­ʹɫ԰ޱȡ
УһɹɰϢŭΰ㣬һһ㣬ʿհӰһɹޣɱӹ
еɱڸʿ⣬·һε谭һ㣬˻ȥ
á
糱ˮȥӿϢɱȫʧ٣ǹɽŵϢҲͻȻɢȥﾲĵģһָֻ
ȥɣ
ãϣǵӰȥʥ˫΢գ͸һƣ
ʿ̧ͷһۣ¶һĵǣֹվӦһȥ˳˴
Ѿǵһηˣ֪δ
ֻǣʿЩģ¡ƺԽԽˡ
ʿܿʧˡ
ʱ仺ȥţʥڴ޵ĺ
֨ѽ
֪˶ã޷ͻȻһεƿ¶һ˿϶
ϣʥüͷ΢壬ƺӦʲô̧ͷ⡣
⾲ĵģʲôҲûС
һ̣һԽһͨͨò۵СŮŵϣ۽㣬ż˽
СŮͷݡ
СŮʥ΢΢һ£ȴʲôҲû˵
£ŷ㡣
СŮΡΡ嶼ڲ
졯ôˣ޵ǰ㻹ҪˣСֶ㲻ΪùҰɣ
ϣʥĮͻȻˣǺ߸ϣ¶һ˲Ϣƺѿ͸һС
ˣ
ʥʵڵϢͻȻü΢
̫ĴſڣԭµòСŮͻȻ֮䰲Ҳֹͣ˲
ǺǣǴƵġʥӡǧΨһܽޡƵֵزˣ
£СŮ̧ͷĿֱʥʡ
һ˫ݲ̫֮ҪѩҵĹâͬգ˼޷ӡ
ңԳƺʥһȻҲԳΪޡ
Ȼֻһ˲˵ĹâɢȥСŮ΢΢һЦ͸һ˿
ֻϧվʤ졯֮ⳡվˣ
޴䣬㣬ֻ֮ûн˵ʤ̫ˣ
ʥʱΣ΢ɫĮû˿
忴һĻضޱȡ
˵ĶԻʥʶСŮȻǺ˱죬һָӻ뵽֮ҵġ족
ڵնʱù
ˣһǸ߸ϣȨĴʥʣһǵλ΢صСŮ˭֪ǸСŮڵشڣݣʥ֮¡
һѾǧ꣬ãΪ죬족Ѿ˸ȥȡ


1940 룡
Ǻǣ𣿶Ѿֵز㻹𣿡
һڴ𣬵ȴСŮġ
һӿڣھСŮ߰˲ĵطһֳַС̫֪࣬ʲôʱƾճ֡
ԭСŮʧȥˡ족ʱʣεڵء
С̫Ŀ⼥ڽƳһʥʣЦ
꣬㲻һԣóóȻ侳ڻԹӲдѹƵסڡԵĴۣѾȲһϷˡ
С̫࣬˵족Ц
ʥɫĮֻȻĿ
ʮǰ޾˵û˿޵ǰԳΪ졯죬ҲһҪ㾾ˤڵϡ޲κˣ޵ҲԲٿص˵ģѾתѾΪ׼һʢ֣һ죬䳾޵ǰ
˵Ǹ֮𣿡
족ԴЦС̫Ѹήڵϣ⣬һ泤˽ȻòȴһϢ
㲻ΪļƻҰɣˣ˵۹Ҳˣһ֮Ӷѣ㻤ã㶼޵Ķ֣ʲô㲻Ϊܴػ˴ưɣ
족Ц
ǣôΪ𣿡
ʥֻǵȻһЦĿӸ£ƺѿ͸һУ
⣬Ϊ˺˵Щ𣿡
Ȼǣ
족Цһ̣ĿⶸȻɭޱȣ
ޣһ֮ģ
䣡
һ̣Х̫ĴͻȻһɿֲϢ罭ǵأ̶ɺ֮Уһ㺮Ϳ⣬һӰһǹӿ̤ˡ룬һգۣʮɵľ룬˲Ϣ䴩ؿռ䣬ŴϷʥʳȥ
һɲϸȥֻһף£ؿһɫĿޱȡ

˭Ҳû뵽Ŷ룬ʥʵĺȻһĹ̫
еʥʾϸѡģʵˣĹҲԲᱳʥʣ
ʥʵȻɱʥʣκοһĻޱȡ
ֻǣϸȥͻ֣ᷢ˫նȻѾ˿ˣ
ϱϢأ̺ѾȫԽˡļ𣬲Ѹٴﵽ΢һ·ֻ䣬ʹﵽһ˼ĵز
û˿Ժԣ
췣
족ڴǡѸٻ˽ɫͬһȼգռ䶼·հŤ
һǵġ족ơϢѾﵽһɺ˵ĵزκ΢ǿ߶Ϊ֮Ȼʧɫ
һ˲䣬ʱͿռ䶼û˲١
䣡
ǹĽɫ棬סȴٶȲͬ׹ʯһ㣬ֱӳϵʥʺȥ
һɲǣϢ˼㣬ҲΣյ˼㡣
ȻϷʥһƺϵһĻԡ족Ĺʥйâһ漴һֻơֻͨ͸Ʊֱ𣬼򵥵ǰƳ
¡
һɲǣҡضռ䶼
ɿֲϢصײһֻһ춯صľ죬족ֲĹʥǰ⣬ȫ赲
ֹˣ֮ײ޸Զʹ֮ɢʦһ̣ʥ͵һ̤£ǰĳ㱻ǿѹڻʳǴصס
䣬Ҳʱ򣬹âһһɫӰӴӡ족ɫĻб˿谭ıϵʥڡ
һǣʥʵɫѸٱò԰ࡣ
ϵˣ
족ͻȻʥʵĶ
䣬һ֮󣬡·ʧȥе߷ݰ㣬ԶԶɣʹȥǹڡ족Ϣ·һѸɢ󳹵׵ʧˡ
һƬš
ⳡսĿ죬ȥҲ죬ֻգʱ䣬λǿ߱սһжָƽֻһɲǣʳǾ𶯣֤֮Ľ֡
ߣվǷˣ̫ң޶һӣվˡһƣһλҲӦóˣ޻ЩȲ
ڻʹеս֮󲻾ãһۿĵطһ˫ɫһܿʧ١
ʱ˿̣첢֪ʹ֮У̫Уһƣʥɫ԰ףܴ
һ̣ǰյĴʥʵͻȻ¶һ˿Цݡ
졯ʮʱ䣬վ¶ڵޣ֪޲ڵ㣿
ʥ΢Цһ̣յſĴָʳָ֮䣬һεģĴĳɫâŨޱȣʵʣڰ֮С
ϸȥͻᷢǵιâ֮͸Ϣ͡족ϢȻһģһ

ʱһӶдУǼŮ̫࣬ɵڴӻ֮ѹһãȻȫ֪ʲô
һ̧̣ͷϷʥʣǻһ͵ĵͷ
£
ɣˡȥɡ
ʥʵ
л£
˳ϻ̳Ͽ֣æ뿪ˡ
̫ܿͻָƽ
ֻƬ̣С
ǣ
屾ڹۿͶϢһ̷·оʲô͵̧ͷ˻ʹķ򡣾һɲǣоɼǿϢ
Ϣʧĺܿ죬ֻһգ۾ʧˣΪǴ
ô£
üɻѡ
ʹʥӣôĶܷʲôʥʵӦԡ
ţлǾЩ
ǣ
ͻȻڵ
ϵеңе׷ʲô
忪ڵ
ǣү
һǺܿȥ
ʱ仺ȥǱߺܿ촫ϢһƬƽ˲ǰ޸ص׷һ⣬ʲôҲûз
յϢȻЩɻ󣬵Ҳֻա
գ۾ʱ䣬弸鵭ʱһȴڳȻ󲨡
ʲô̫ڶ飬ʥ⣬ʥմŭ
֮УϷһ𶯡
̳̫֮λûжãغ񣬿˼£ʲôôʥ˴ŭ
ֹˣʥʲȻŭ˵Ҫϵ̫ӣүñ³ңһҪ취°
Ҳ԰ɫڵأ˷·ܵ޴ľš
ڵҿྡ̫֮Ҳ˳ķ˶ܹܣһϢò棬һȴͬСɡ
ô£龭ϸ˵



1941 ʥʾ䣡
ǵڶûס
ҽʱ渵
峿̫һڶ飬ͻȻʥʼݵ˵Ҫ̫ӵĹΣү֪ģⷽ棬һڷܣеĹδӲ£ʱΪ˿̫ӣһ£̫ӱС
̫û𣿡
üͷʵ
ǣ̫һֲ䣬еȫг
˼ҡͷ
ʱһʥƺҲȽ⣬ǣ̧̫ͷʥʵʱʥͻȻȻŭ˵̫Ŀ޾淸ϣ͸̫һصĶ⡣
һĻͻʱ˶סˣ
ʱΣҵڶ겻
ʥڹмʮ꣬ûмʥŭ˵Ǽû
ʱû֪ʲô£ûãִʥҪ̫ӵϢڳһƬ𶯡үһҪ̫Ӱ
˵һǰץס½ǣˮץסһݰ㡣
û˵ҲһƬʥǰŲŸող̫ӣʢĲʽžҪϵ̫ӣʵ̫ͻȻˣȫ˴ֲ
̫ӵķС£Ȼûͻġ
Ҫǣµľʵ̫ˣеĳһ㵲ѡ
ȱ𼱣̫ȷС£Ҫϵ̫Ҳ뾭ͬ⣬תء
Ƭ̺ܿ侲
⣬²̫ӣ±ȻǶ̫ӼΪ⣬Ϊ¾߱Ϊ̫ӵƷ£ȻûΪһС¾ͷϳĵһϵĳһ飬ȫֹ
ΣƷںǾģڵĴƾûбʺλõģζֹ¡
лү
鼤һ񣬺ܿ뿪ˡ
뿪󲻾ãͻȻˡ
ǣ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һӰ˽ǵͷһ
͢ϵôˣ
忪ڵ
Ҫϳ̫ڳģүʱѾʮ󳼷Ϣᵽ£ϣүܹһȰ£
ǳ
Ȼڳ֮ϣҲ볯񣬵ڳҰȴӵĪӰ죬ֻ䳼ĳ徴岻ѡ
۵λѾ̫֮£ĳ̶ֳй֮޲
ʵ̫ˣ²Ȼŭ֣̫Ҳ֣˾Ҫϳ̫ӣʵڲϳ
һ˵飬Լ֮ǰռ鱨
ǣ
ڣ
׼һҪ빬ʥ
ͻȻڵ
̸󳼣ʥ͵ġﵡͬʱǴƵλߵġ޴󶼻󽫾ӵ棬ʱ빬ʥȨ
ûеġ
д󳼽дţ壬ҲĪĹϵ
ִܿ﹬š
վסǰ
ִ﹬ŵʱһͳͻȻסһ𾴵һ漴һɫ
үʱ䣬гڳһŲү
Զʱסˡ
ʲôʱ£
ƿţ˳ȥ
糯ʱ£ǹү£֮ǰүû飬Ҳ빬
ͳͷ
ʲô
Զʱסˡ

̫ӵֵǷ꣬󳼣壬Լ̫ʦ̫ȫ£ʥȻûг棬ȴһʥּϳ̫ӵ飬̫ӵҲʱһ䡣
Ǿĳת۵һʹȴԶûн
̫ӵ֮󲻾ã죬ʥʶȱϯе糯󳼴峿ȵ˰ҲûмʥʵӰҹҲûκε̫棬ʥʵּ⡣
ڳȻ󲨡
˵ʥʽûвμ糯ȺĻôʥʻѰҪڹ˽̫ƽ¥Ⱥǿҷԣʷһһ⣬ϵڡ
һȫûֹʥʵ£󱬷һ飬ڳҰ˸Ĳ
ʥگٹ٣׼ѡ㣬Ӿݸѡ²ż汸Ůӣ󹬡
Ϣ˵ٹ٣ڸ֮ۡе嶼ޱȡ
үʵ̫ˣȻگݸأѡУҲйڱûôʥʱûôʮȥеĻӻŮôˣҪѡʵ̫ˡ
ĸ֮ۡУ̫࣬һͬصڷصı³̽Ԫã¬֮͢Ϲܼңż󣬱ɳǬڣȣ̷뽹геļλʷȫۼĸ֮ۡС
ڤڤУٲȻѾΪ˳֮һġ
ʵԸ̫ŹˣȻйɭϣҺͼλֶԸҲηûзǷٴĹʲԶ֡
У̫ͷ˼⣬Ҳˡ
֮ңıĴʥȻзŭҲֻ˽Σûж֣¼౳йΣһֲ䣬Ҳһ㣬ȴΪ̧ͷʥʣһƣ㱻ϵ̫֮λֱ˼顣
ң֪ΪʲôʱܸоЩֵֹġ
˵ֹ
⳼گ󹬣֮޷룬Ҳ֪еľ֮ǰļ죬ѾûϹ糯ˣҲûκεϢѸȺ͢񣬹֮£ϵνһ޾ûκεԵɣճգûٲϳֻĻ̻̣Ӳ²⣬ϾһƬˡ
żҲ˵ˡ
ʥ΢ֱӷԸȺ϶ôңڵǣʥʼû糯Ҳûָ˭û඼Խ
һ޾ϵڶѻɽʥʲþôȥˣ
ҲŸ͵
ǻѾõϢյʱ䣬ӹУճʵûʲôش鵢飬ںټŮֱ֣д
̫Ӻżˣеʷûô˵ˣǵ鼤߿ѡ
ԹԹپмԼٹٵְرڱ̫ʱڣˡʷ⡱ߡ
ʷߵĹأʷĹֻҪмٹ٣޲߾ְΪĹ߸ƫж
ʥʽճգҳŮɫʷ˵ѾǾĹҪǣڶʷ飬ۻٷ֮࣬ȫʥʵ˻
ʷҪ빬ʥȫ赲⣬ãʷжһѻ
֮Уܵһʷķŭ˶ɫΣüѡ


1942 ܻᣡ
ʷǿ֮ǿô˵˾Ͳˡ
ңͼΣ书֮жֻ͵ģλʷ˵ʥǻǵԶûеֵز
λȷʵ˲ٵ飬±ϾǴӣѡ㻹½̫ƽ¥ʵǱµȨԴƵĲӦҲԸ̫ƽ¥Ľ裬ڰճһ¡ֻһʱ飬±Ͼξȹʱ䣬ȻҲͻָˣ
ʱվò԰
λʷӸңǱϾôȺҪЩӣʷʷҲѧʷһһ
壬˼ȥʱ䷢飬ʵ̫ͬѰݹ¾ǳŮɫ֮ΪʲôʱͻȻѡ㣬Աµķ񣬼޷ϳҲ¿ָͣԼд񣬾ճ˵ûκεϢܸоʲôŹ֣лԭί
Ҵڳ͢䶼Ѿ˶ңڻãһҲոտʼֻĻ̻̣ͽҡΣǶҪ취ʱ״
ʱعͷ
֮Уٹ٣Сǵ۵λ̫֮⣬Ϊߡ
ʥ׷ݵλ֮£ΪµһϵоԶ֮ϡ
۶裬ܵʥʵس̶ȣڳûܹ壬Ҳ˽վۼԭ
壬ǸصˣҲܶϤģ飬ζܼȥˣ
Ҳŵ
̫ӵһ˵Ŀ׷׾ۼϣҲ֮
Ľǣ˶𶯣֪үѾ˳еȨǰһĻѾ˵һС
û˵Ժд˷˲Ϣͷ
֪һȦƺֻصԭĹ
گ˹ص˴ʳش˹أı˳úյˣǿԼΨûиıʥʵġˡŮɫ޽糯ԼĩںʥصЩ飬һַʽٴγˡ
ЩԼеЩ룬ߵıͬӹɵġ
飬λż
˼ãڿˣ
ʥʽճֻһʱ飬ò˶ãʥʾͻٴϳģһλصġ
˵ⷬʱɫݣʮƶһǿĸȾ
ⷬ˶ɫһΪ⡣
ү˵𣿡
̲סڵ
ʥѡԼڶ飬ڵʥӺ󹬣糯ĵġ
ӵģ·ͨҲʩչʷҪӵֲȥһû취ʥٳһоȫͬ
û˵ֻ΢΢˵ͷ
ȻʥʵоǳĹŹ֣Ǵ̵ƣڸĻڳòϳҪǣļǵã㰴ռʥʲϳ£ڣҲֻ˼̵һʱ䡣
̫ˣ
ķӦһܲѡ
Ȼ֪ôİգƶԼġ֪һУ޵ķʸȻô˵ˣôضаգ
ֻ壬΢΢üͷ
һϵ飬ܿɢȥˡ
壬ƶ½ھһ֣
ȵڳ뿪˽Ųں档
һԣ̫Ҳһ˹ʵҲеɻ
ȻڹУǴ¼֮ҲѼʥʣҲ޷ȷʥͻڳá
˵ǣû⣬⼸Ӧþͻϳˡ⣬ʱ³ˣ鷳˼ʱ֪ͨҡ
ǰһ䣬廹Ƕ˵ģǺһȴҲ³
˱֮ս꣬ټһ𲢼սսʳϵ͸׽
š
³˵ͷҲʴӣ壬ܸϣٲȻѾ˵۹Ķ롣
⣬£ϵ߹Щ뵱һ¸߹
һ䣬˶٣һԵ̫ӡ
ʥľٶʵ̫Ϊˣ֪е飬ֻǺҲ²һͨ˵Ƶ۹֪е飬ܸһ͵ĻҲֻһ߹ˡ
ΪʥߵϳԼҳ߹ʮ͸ʥߣΪƵĵһһ£ţӦñԼʥڵ״
ˣ
ֻһʣ̫ȴǻһ΢΢ɫ
ôˣѵ߹ʲôˣ
Թɫжһ¡
⡭ʵ֮ǰҲȥҸ߹һ̽ҷָҲ߹
̫Ц
ʲô
仰嶸ıɫ
߹Ǵܹܣһ̫๬Ůң߹ʥĹһңôܻҲ߹أ
һɲǴһƬţ³Լһ¶𾪵ɫ֮⣬̫ȴһƽȻѾ֪ˡ
¼֮ʵҾѾʼѰҸ߹ˣΪǼ鷢ʱҷָڸߵľȻǸ߹һǰû̫࣬Ҫ֪ͨطʼٶԲ߹ˡ
ʱҲֻΪǸʱʿָ񣬵Ǻ͸оЩԾˡ߹ûгҲʥߣоȻȫҲӰ
̫˵üͷ壬ǳơ
⻹ĵģѰҸ߹ĹУҷָߵ˾ȻȫһҴδҲȥԴ⣡
һƬţѹ֣³һҲɫء
һǣͻȻף̫ΪʲôҪˡҲΪʲôҪ̫ӡ
ⳡͿʲôʱŷʡ
߹ʥߵͻȻһԲС£ȥ¾Ҫڳ͢Ȼ󲨣
һƬĬնʱЩ죬鷢֮ǰһ̾ҪΪǴʲô˹䣬ֻԶ̫ҲԲĿ޾ϣϲ֮ˣ˲Խ˷ѽ⡣
£
ŤͷʶһԵڳ˵ˣʥʽӴʱҲҹе飬̫֮⣬ӦҲǵһ֪ġ
֪ϣһ
߹Ӧʱ
˼Ƭڿˡ
ʥʵķҲ飬Ҹ߹ʵĳʲô飬û˿ĶҹеΪֹҲûзʲôĶҡ
ѡʹ޽ңڹ岢û̫Ӱ죬һ㣬жϣ߹ӦûȻ
һ³üͷʿȻȴֲʥߣⷴȸʿ¸˸еɻ


1943 Ԥ֮еĳᣡ
漰ʥʺ͸߹ͬСɣҲ̫ӷϢԭ֪ԽԽá
˶٣
ΣʥٴϳôһԼ
̫ࡢ˺ܿ뿪ˣȴ˳˼
ϵϣҳ߹䣡
ڶĹϵȽΪֵܵ飬ڴ֮͢˲֪˲
ΪŽıϣûжע⵽
߹ҡϣټһѹ̫ȣǹĸϢͨͨȨˡ
УûʲôϢܹͬʱĸˡ
߹ʧ٣Ҳ鲻Ϣ¾ûܲ߹䡣
ǣ
ǵܿתȥ

ʱգ֮ȥʥٴϳϢĶҪöࡣǱ߻ûҳ߹ϢѾյ糯ٿϢ
׼
峿ڵõϢɲǣĿһ´׼ϳ
ȻѾ˳˳ãΪݴ󶼻ټջﵣʱ룬볯ʸ
崩һ˿ۣͷϽڣͭѸٳŹжȥ
ϵ̫͵ͷܶ󳼡
ϳϢڳҰ𼫴ĲһγܲμӵģμˣиڼҵϳҴҵĴ˳˴֮С
ڶĴ󳼽ͷӶ۷׷ףʷҲĦȭƣΪһѾȴܾˡ
һ࣬վһͬڴ˵ģֻҪʥʳ֣ôһԼ
ʥʵ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һ죬˵ĿУһŮ̫࣬Ӳ롣
ں棬һϤӰۣӣ̤
һɲǼ䣬·һεѹ£һƬž
Ʈҡô飬Ϊƽɽӣʥӵϵĵλ
˵Ŀȫ㼯ʥϵͬʱӹ󷽵һӰһ¡
߹
еͺһ۽Ƕ
֮ǰ塢̫໹۸߹ȥôҵ嶼ϵ˱ϣ֮У˶ΪҪһ򣬲ҵ
Ȼû뵽ʧ١ĸ߹Ȼַʽٴγǰ
ʶƳһһǣ忴۾ȻҲͬԾ
ϣ߹һƽ£ʥɫ糣˿
ϸ۲죬ӡеȣ߹û෴΢΢ԳһЩ԰ףұշֺΣҲһȦ˫ǺЦҲɬ࣬һЩ͵ζ
һǣ΢΢һüͷüӹһ˿
꣡
ҲʱһУԭʥ֮Уٹٷ׷׹عҲ
࣬˳
ʱһ̫һڣǰȴǸ߹ȴһʮ꣬ûʲôӡĹ̫ࡣ
£б࣬ϳǾıݣ½첻κεּ⣬ֱʷǰ򲻿ˣ
ϳҪ£޵Ůɫѡһ£ĺаգ˻Ϊ
΢Ҫ£ľ޽ңӣ¿ģһһעЧ£޽ң˽֮磬¾Ǻ£οʳ֮УйһӦȫѳΣλ̫ƽ¥ջس
΢Ҫ
΢Ҫ

ʥʲϳһȺԹʷ˽ʮʱ䣬ʱڡʱŹᣬû󳼿ʼеʷһִ˰壬߳Уһ߰ĵ
˷һƬ
վڰ֮Уһﲻ
ǰԤ֮Уȳϵ¼ĵĻʥʱ
еһжʥʶһеĸԴ
̧ͷϷϸĹ۲졣
׷ʱʥһۣڻľϷΡȻ
ɫƽžȺҵĵû˿Ĳ·ûʲôܹľһ㡣
ⲻһμʥʣǸĸоȴкܴĲͬ
Ȼͬ䣬Ƕ˵ȴʥԸоһ˿ȻͬϢ
ָоͺ峺Ȫˮ֮У˻ǵһ㣬ַ·֮УɢĿҶĳ̶ֳϣϿһ£ĸоͷ·һһ㡣
⵽ô£
Ѿȫϵɫƽ֮
ˣ
һ̣һ˫֮йâ任˲ˡ֮Դֱʩչʵ硣
֮һ糣У˲Ϣ֮Ѿ췭ظı仯
еľɫʷ׷ȥֻʵӡ
û˿ԥע˲伯е˾ϵʥϡ
һ̡
䣡
û忴ʥϵġʵ͸оԼ·ײһ޴ϣĻһԺ֮жʱһƬѣΡ
ֹˣʵԷԪ͸еĻֱʣܶôӴǰΣǿ츮ǰҲвأǱӡ
ǵʵ翴ʥʵʱܵһǿҵķɣ˫֮ҲһƬңʵȫûзá
⻹ǵһΣʵûзӳӦеá

һǣɲ
ʵ֮ʯʵӦøܸţһʵȴʧˡ
кڰ׵ʵѸٵȥǰ̫͵ٹУٴҰС
ۣһͿ˾ϵʥʡ
֮ǰʱʥȺһһ̣ȴ֪ʲôʱԼһ˫ƺ͸еܣһεĸо
£΢ջس
ʱһͻȻбɲǴ
ʷ˲ֳ˰ڵϡ
һ仰˵ע⣬ϷʥƳһ壬Ŀ⣬Ҳܿתͷʷ
֪ˣ
ʥʵޱڴ
̫ƽ¥£һվɣöһڿڳ͢Լѡһ£һࡢ̫ʦ̫һþ
³һþ
ѡһ£Ҹãպ飡
ʥһ䣬һվȥ
£
£
£

Ŀɿڴ˭Ҳû뵽ʥʾȻôɴ࣬ճѡ㡢̫ƽ¥£ʥһûдӦҰ䲼֮ȥ˱صĻᡣ


1944 ʥʵУ
֮ǰԤϵȫͬ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ʥʾѾ뿪ƫ
д
һʷڵúӷôû뵽˵ô࣬󣬾ȻһԸûдɣ˵ĽûвκεЧ
Ϸüͷ
ʯ䣬˷ٵĽһ۾˵ͷյĳûܵõ𰸣ô˵ãֱֻܾȥˡ
ҲֻǰĻ飬̶ġ
ֳֻﵣ൱ڡȯʹǱߣ;޷ȥֻܴ̫͵ȥˡ
ΣҪ鶼и𰸡
գ
ͻ𣬾¶ģ׼ϧۣʱһŲͻȻӴϷ𣬾˲ĿУһƵ̫ͻȻֳַӺ߳
ĿתһȦѸٶϡ
ּ
ƽƽ߲ͣԭڵĴȻ֮һƬž˵Ŀ׷׾ۼϣһɫ㵲ѡ
Ѿ˭Ҳû뵽ʥʻʱںټ
һԵҲ첻ѡ
ǣ
ͬû̫ԥֻһգۣһ˵ĿУƽ̫࣬Ѹٽ˺󹬡
䣡
ֱʧ̫͵УȺŷӦȺһƬȻ
ֻܿˡ

֮УһƬ谵ֻдǶһСȭͷСҹɢĹâ
ȥǰһɽͰΰӰɽֹͬ㣬Լһ
忴Χʱȴǲһ
ֻΧŽգԭҵĹŮ̫ࡢԼ̫֪࣬ʲôʱȫʧˡ
ֻиʿ߹ɫ糣һʥԡ
ˣˡ
һƬš
΢μ£
Ȼ죬ķӦȴʥԶ幪һ
ƽɣ
ʥתӢϣһ˫Ŀޱȣ·͸еһС
΢΢һݣͷ֪Ϊʲôһ̵ʥʸĸоƺֻԭӡ
崧⣬ʥںټʲôʱ򣬶һ
һ֣
ʥʵ߲ͣһ˳ʥʵĿ⣬ŷ֣ʥʵǰȻľͰһŽɫֻ̡Ǹսʱעʥϣûע⵽
⡪
дΪ졣
֮ǰд˷࣬ǶΨû뵽ʥԼȻ塣
ǣ
Ȼо죬廹Ǻܿ췴Ӧһһ°ڣܿʥʶ
֮֮ţʥʱټ⡣
˵¹壬һӾͻĳŵ񣬾һְɣ
ʥʴԱŽУһöӣɫ糣
壬ܹҡսˣϵӡ
գʥʿ˵ţеҲϡ
壬ˣ
ĬԥƬ̣Աߵóһöӣ̡
ǰĿʥʣв˿ɻ
ǰһ̣ʥʻڶ̫ӣҹŮ󳯲޽£ѡ㣬ݸŮ
һ̣ʥʳǰӢǣ٩٩̸۹֡
֮ر𣬸˵ĸоȫһˡ
ôʬɽѪ޵սһҲЩãЩֱ治ˡ
ֻţȴ
գգգһĺӲϡ
ʥ˵Ǽ仰㲻ֻʣһſϵ
ʥʲ˵ҲԿڣֻʥһ塣
Ӻӣ䣬ݺύ
ʱţ֪˶á
ž
һӣһϣһΣʥִӣȴͣ
һ壬սҲһ壬Ϊݴ󶼻¹ϵǿս񣬱¹ǿ壬ûнľѾˣ
ˣȻҲˣ
ʥҡҡͷ
žʥһ䣬е£ʥʵĶϣƬĺӱʥʵİӰΧ
ʥֻһ㽫ƬĺӷһУʱ´Ƭհס
ȥϵİѾռݾƣںӣ֧һƬңȫʧȥ̵Ļᡣ
һ֣ȫûзӳӦеˮƽ
ˡ΢ϵһ£þ£޷ͱרĶġ
ӣվæ
棬ʥʶ΢΢һЦǰ壬ƺϵдһ˵
֪ʲôգ޲Ҳ뾡취ޡŵĽͳ죬گ빬Ը񣬱ض취ǿ빬ҹ̫
ʥʵ
΢ң
ԣʱһæϡ亹乡
ʥ˵ĲǼʥʣ޷ɻȷʵҪҹ̽ʹ
ʥֻһЦû׷ʴ¡
벻ǣ벻ᣬҪ֪ΪβˣΨ̫Ӷ𣿡
ʥʵ
ԣһ֪ʥԼڣضԸûһ㡣
ȳд󳼣Ϊݴ󶼻ȷʵܱءҪ˵ȫλʮĻ׹У̫λδĴǵԶδˡ
ʾ

ڼžһĸʿ߹Ҳ΢΢һЩ仯
ؽţû˼
ķӦʥʵȻһЦ
ֻҪһ⡭
壬޿޿δĳһ죬Դػ⽭ɽ𢣬𣿡
˵ⷬʱʥϵЦȻȥɫͻȻޱȡ
䣡
ʥʵĻǰޱȣͬʱҲޱȵľףжȻɲ
ڵ֮ǰҲʥʿܻԼ̸۶¼̫ƽ¥¼Լѡ£Ψû뵽ʥʻɫ࣬Լ˵ⷬ
к׼ⷬȫʼϲ
ңʲôδĳһ죬Դػ⽭ɽ𢣬񡱣
ʥⷬʲô˼
һɲһƬҡ
һɲͷԺзӶæ֮䣬ȴʲô벻
£
оԼ΢΢Щ֪Ϊʲôַǳõĸо
㲻ض룬ֻҪңԣǲԡ
ƺ֪Ҫ˵ʲôʥһֻƣֹ弴˵ڵһɻֱӿڵ
ھĵģţʥע壬һ˫Ŀǳҫۣ·͸


1945 ˫壡
û˵Ժ𶯣һ̣ʵ̫̫ɻˣǵ󣬿ʥڴĿ⣬·еɻԼǧȫһ仰
κʱκ£ֻҪһϢд棬ͻ㾡ȫػݣ飡
ɫᶨԥ
һɲ
һƬž˵ⷬʱ涼ڲ·ֻһɲǣַ·ͣŶ壬ʥȥͬڻ㣬תһ˿˿ĵЦݡ
һɲ嶼һ¡
ʥôΣ⻹һμʥ˿ġ˵ӡ
ǵģǿģ
һַ·жǧص㣬ޱȣԲӦóھϵ顣
壬ûп㣬κʱ㶼ûʧ
ž
û巴ӦʥͻȻһժժһϣ˹ȥ
ޱʮһ֪кܶɻ󣬵ʱд𰸡
˵ⷬʥվһ̤뿪뿪
߹ɣ
ԶԶģʥʵ
վԺһƬҡ
ʼգ˺ʥһ̺Ϳ壬̣׷ʲô£ʥҲǻлָ
һɲǣԺ˺ܶܶ࣬е˼ɢȥͷĿܿ켯ϣʥµǼ
ǡ˫壡
а
ʥϵһöСȭ۴С壬һһף㣬βɡ
侫ɣۡĿβȫΩΩΣĹϸ壬һϵ
ӹĳȻ棬ıԵ⻬
˫塭ʲô˼
΢΢üͷа
߰ɣ
壬׼һ̽ʱ򣬶ͻȻʿ߹
ĬƬ̣˵ͷʥµǿ˫뻳У͸߹һ뿪
뿪󲻾ã˷һİĽ̫಻֪ʲôʱ˽ߵ߹ԣ
үʱ䲻磬һɣ
һ̫࣬忴糯֮ʱ߹ֳʥּİ̫ࡣ
һɲüӹһ˿
Ƴһ۸߹ֻ߹ɫ糣ʲôҲû˵˵Ļ£߳
͵ɣ
ڻʹڳſڴͣعǰŸʿ
ȻôһССĶǰƺҼ̫ע⣬ɫǰڸʿǰ
үɣ

ɫ΢䣬̲סӿһ˿ŭ⣬䣬һһɰľХ̫˿ɲǼ䣬ɫ԰ףʱɵ¶һ˿ηɫ
ȻҲвΪǺλսȣòһ㡣ңջﵣ治ǡ
ү
ʱһӶдʿ壬ҡҡͷһ˿εɫ
ɫ΢ͣԭսȭͷƴʱɵȫɢȥ
ߣ
һݺݵĵ˼һۣŸʿ߹һ񡣣
߹ȸˡ
˵仰ܿ뿪ˡ

ʳ⣬һ֣ӿ
ܳѾʥҲȥһʱ䣬ٹȴûɢȥ
ʥʽڵ˶˵ġ
ô˵ʲô
ûȰɱ£ıע⣿
ѡһ򲻿ɰ

˷ӿһеӣȫ塣ҲֲˣôĴ󳼣ָڣȫڣʥȴΨټ塣
в棬ûɻŹˡ
ڣ΢΢ü治֪ȥ˵
ô
۷׷׵ʱͻȻ֮䣬âһ֪ʲôʱŴ򿪣һ紵һۣͱ³һ֮У˫˫Ķ
˽ͬʱ
³ĳ̶ֳȻڳ
һѾʥʲûи˵̫࣬ҵȹһʱ䣬һԼʱٸϸ˵
ֱͦƬ̣ڿڡ
š
ĻҲûϸʣֻǵ˵ͷ
ֻҪ𰸣ֻҪмƻһо㹻ʥʵ鲻С£ΣһҪи˽⣬һлص졣

ʱգ֮䣬ҹĻ١
ĺԺ֮У紵ֶվһ
£㵽ʲô˼
ͷǿ顰˫塱
ӹлһֱ壬֮һǿģŵĽƣѾﵽ΢һ˹̫ףǿԸӣҲ޷Ľơ
侳ųµһʥȣΪȻ΢ƥС
ȻʥȻ˫塱û׼ھ򿪣֪ܡֻǣԴСϢҲķ
ң˫塱ģʥʽԼڵ˵Ƿ
֮ǷԻɢ֮һֱԺ
֪ΪʲôʼֺǿҵĲУֲҲʹ޷ķչĵȴ
ΣһҪֹһУҳе࣡
а
ϱӣڵһоͷʱֻΪʥʽı˳ԣټһϵеսܣڲŻˡӹڣУȻеһƺԶ˵ô򵥡
һָоԼƺѾӽĳĺġ
δĺƽ٣ʥʵġӹеһжƺĳִ档
ΣҶһһġ
а
ܲЧͿ쿴ˡ
̧ͷҹĻĿתԺ˲ϢתͷڤڤУһӰ񻮹ԺǸʿ߹

ʱ˿̣ʹڣҹɫ֮Уվڴ֮⣬ͷҹգüǡ

ʿһ£ŲԶ̫üء
һ̣ʿ˼ǧʥʼʮ֪꣬δηչ
ѵӦȥ𣿡
ʿ̾ϢһͷġȻҹɫ͸ҹɫʿĵһֽ
죬ڴӹſ뿪ͬʱŸʿһʱֻ֮ľ룬Ȼˣûж˿һ˲䣬һУ뵽˸ʿС


1946 ֮Լ
µֽ
úأңȻм̫һֱţȴҲû˿һĻ
ֽڸʿѾ˺ܾˣȴٳû¶ġ

һ̾Ϣʿһֽбɷ飬ֽм͸ֽ죬׷ķ˳ȥ
ãʿҹɫ
Сӣȥһ

ֻƬ֮Уյ߹Ļţ¶һ˿Цݡ
ʦ⣬ʮɽˮͤ
ټĺ棬⻬峺һ澵ӣǵɣҶһҡҷˣͬһŮ㡣
ҡڣһҲҡҷ衣
ں룬һɫ̨̽ͤȻʮۡ
̨ͤͺ֮ԳԶ糤һ㣬ɫ
Ǿʦ⣬һľ㣬ٹ£ӵʱͻο֣ʦοͣͻƣεϪƣϪһƮⴺС
ǧη˵أ׳ۡ
ֻڻδʱڣⴺϡ٣ټѼ
ʱ˿̣мɽˮͤȴӭҪˡ
һŹһյƾƣѣСˣڹĶ棬Ÿ߹͸һ˿΢Ц
ʿǴܹܣʥʵĸƽʱɽ亣ζζȣʲôûмӦһʡ
ȴ֪߹ϲķͨ˳ԵĻƾСˡ
ڸ߹λ˵ĳЩʱһ˶ȴֻͨƽƽ
⴦ҲǸ߹һ֮ѵϾʱϲĵط
úܶ˾ȵǣʿȻỵ̂ÿ֮գַ𵮷ŵƵʽ
ڻʹƵĽⴺɽˮͤĿˡ
һ΢Ϯʿ΢΢۾ˮкɻķ㡣
ǹӦõ߲ǡ
忪ڵ
ʿֻ΢΢һЦûϼĿһתܿϵĺƾƣ
ˣ
ʿЦЦЦ
ʿִʵƽʱ߹ԹԼ󳼸ϸϣʿʥߣԼ䣬ıһְٰ㲻Уڸʿǰ죬պҲ塣
ʿȻųƴơաЩ͵ȴ߲ܣ֮߸򽻸񸮡
ö֮д֪󣬶øʿƷԸ߽࣬㲻
֪ʿǲϲֻЩ͵ϸʿ⡣

ʿ˵ţץϵľƺùһԵСѣԼĵһƾƣ¾ƺѣʿϸϸƷţ۾΢УһеɫѰʱȣȻͬ
·еĲصĻƾƣĳҺһ㡣
þƣòˣ
һڻƾƣһ±ţ⣬ʿϸ㣬ǸλԺգ˾ηĴܹܣͨûʲô
һĻҲǸпѣ˭뵽õĸʿҪģģȻ˼򵥡
˵ɣүӦòΪҺȾưɡ
һϣʿ¾Ʊǰ壬ֱ
ˡͻˣȷʵһ²Ҫ̹
ǵЦȥɫһ࣬ڵ
Ϊʥټ𣿡
ʿĿȴûж塣
ǣˡ޶ۣʥټ֮ʱʥ˵Ƿµڶûף빫ָԽ򣡡
һ𾴵
Ѳ⣬ʥʵ۳ҰûܲµǸʿͬõ֣Ķģ˵һָܹԽָеĹϣҲֻиʿ߹ˡ
λʥʼʮĴܹܣΨһһɻˡ
֪ʲô
ʿĬ࣬ڵ
ʥʿʥʣ
嶢Ÿ߹ֱӿڵ
ⷬʿʱüͷ
ôһʣ
һ˲Ե޹ʵı仯ʥʵٹжۣһͻȻôı仯ֻֽͣһ־ܵĳִ̼飬һ־ǡòͬ˲ͬ
˵һ䣬ĶŸ߹ûзŹκһϸ΢ı仯
¼ѡ¼Լ̫ƽ¥¼ʥȣ¼ЩڳҰѲܣ˽˻ʥǷǸʥʡ
ֻΪֲ̫治û˸˵ˡңҰֲ뻹ֻСڣڣһӣһĲ²⣬һֱй
ڴص۹ʱйè̫ӵ飬˭ָ˵ھͲУ
أ
ʱһӶдʿ壬ʵ
ĬȻȻšһʥôܵסʵ磬ôø߹ǧһ¸ߣ
ʥ֮˵ں֮û߹ĴҲһؼء
Ȼţ
ܿعҡҡͷ
ֻʥʥʣǰ˴ı仯빫ң
ʿĬԭĿ⣬Ҳʧȥԭķâһ˫ǵУ˲Ϣͷû֪Щʲô
⣬Ҳ޷ش㡣
Ĭã߹ڿڵ
ʧڴĴ𰸣߹տڲ˵¾͸ûܹ֪ˡ
ʱ򣬸ʿӶд
ֻҪ֪ȻǸ£еһж³㹻ˣ
߹ɫ
ɫ΢漴һ
߹Ȼû˵ʲôʵԵĴ𰸣ܹ׶˵Ǹ¡⼸֣Ѿ㹻ˡ
ٶл̵̻Ⱥ˵ڳһŶ裡
ֻǶ˵ⷬͷԽɻ
˵Ҳǿڵ֮ʱƺָֻ嵽ڶûף빫ָ㡣
Ƭ̣ŵ
˳ϵ£ĵģն֮ʱʥ˵Ƿˡ
쵽ڣһֱоزʿ˵ʥʱʥʣ٣ǷԽ˲ˡ
ֵ׳꣬диһ˵Ҽʥʰ꣬Ҳж̫ԼٹٴΪػ񣬺Ա»˵£⡪
˶٣ӻȡöϸ˫壬ϣ
ʥңʱеĴ𰸣ʥνʱʲôʲôҲеĵ伮ûйκμأ
֮㶯Ӵ¬֮͢ԼϵܵЩҴ壬ȫеѰ伮ϣȴͳͳûй˫ļء
ҡҷһ紵̨ͤͤڶʱࡣ


1947 ٵķ
ʿŵϵǿ˫壬ɫĬ˲٣ģһ˫з˵ƺ뵽ʲôЩˣֻһ˲䣬еĲȫȥˡ
ܸģʥʶѾˣȻ¶Ѿ˵ʱδҲ֮ǰʲôΥµı⣡
һΣʿȴܾ൱ɴࡣ
ӵĲΥʥں;Ʋڴ֮ǰй¶ʥʵܡ
Ϊܹ׵õ𰸣Ķˡ
ԣʱһ΢΢üͷ
ڳҰ⣬ƣĵľǼ飬˵ֻǶһ顣
屾Ϊ߹ȻӦԸԼôԼҲܹõһЩ𰸣Ȼûϵǣ߹ȫ̸ܶ
Զ
ʧЩʡ
ǣֻ˵˽£㹫ܶҲܹȫ⣬ǹĻ̻̣յĳᣬ¾һ֣ûн⣬ڳϤأֻڳΪ
һ޾ǹ֮δδѵҪӲһмȥһĶ𣿡
Ļ֮оһֺǿĲУҲŹûָоˣֺαظ֮᣿
弲
ǰ߹ɲΪ󼸾仰߹¶һ˿ɫ
˵ĲĴ⣬ʲô˵Ḱ֮᣿
ΪŲŻ˼֮󣬴⣬ϣڤڤܹıʲô

ʿ̾һ壬һĨӵɫ
壬˼ףЩ飬Ҳ˵Ҳ޷˵ֻܸ㣬֮ʲôʱ㶼Ҫű£α£
ʲôضԵɣЩ޷ģ֪ڵʲôֻܸ㣬һлԶûнδ»иǲԸ⿴飬Щ鲢ʥʣ
ˣʿһ仰оĻָһ𣬶۾˹ȥ
ˣҸˡ
ʿһ꣬ȴûиʵĻᣬ̨֮ͤУץǰľһȻ̧ͷУֻʦķһֻų򣬼ɶ
ʿһ죬סֻ񣬲ż㣬ֻǿһָۣһ㽫żɷ顣
лүд
ʿ˵仰վܿ뿪ˣ֮ͤУ˼
УһƬžȴƬƬңⳡ棬ΪܴӸʿϵõĳЩ𰸣ǵԭȵɻǵûнԽԻˡ
δ»иǲԸ⿴顭
˸ʿȥǰ˵Ƿ
Ƿʲô˼ָʲôҪʥʡָʲôʿ׵Ҫʾ߸Լʲôֻʲô
һɲǣֻǰӿȫǰ·ͷ
һ̣ſյɽˮͤĿҲ֪͸һ˿ã

֪˶ã˼ʱһֲˮ˵У循ѹ
عͷֻһ˴ŶңԵ°ɫɴСɽˮͤԡ
СɢһЩͺҶƺһժɵŮӡ
ڴУļŮӲ
ֻǿͷɴŮӣȴ΢¶һ˿Цݡ
٣
һܿվ첽ߵ̨ͤԵץסŮֱۣὫɽˮͤС
ôǼҴʲôѣҪСŮЧ𣿡
һЦӰɫɴ´ŮЦţϸźһֱۣժͷϵɴң¶һľɫӣǺŮ١
ˣ
٣ɽˮͥ£
Ȼ
΢΢һЦ߰ѩ׵Ĳ΢Ц
ȻҵΪȲ㣬Ҳл侳һССĴУҪ˵̸ûʲô⡣ңλ߹Ҳûбܻ𣿡
˵Ƥգգ۾мƤζ
Լʿ߹ΧȫϣȴûйϵĴ˲ŮһֻСۣƮⴺС
͸ʿ̸֮һֲ䣬ȫ˽ȥ
ǺǣǴע⣬׼˸߹㣡
ҡͷʧЦ
ֻǽһЦмԵõζ
ʿʥ侳۷Ϊ벽΢ߴﵽ˸ߵľ磬ּĸ֣Բǧ׵ķλڣһֻ£һˮһֻڵصȫӲĶĿ
ٶһңСȻĸ֪Ȼûи˵̸ȻҲû赲ٵ˼
ʲô
ٿϻ۵Ůӣλʿϵش٣Լο
ʿʥߵĸʥʼȻû˵ô߹ȻԽܶҲ֮ڿڣһ㲻Ѿϵ𣿡
ùһԾµĲӹıӣԼ˱һڿڵ
λ֮ǰ֮йһԻ߹˵Ļ˵Ԥ֮С
Ǿͺ񣬶ڵľҲû˿İ
΢΢üͷ
ȻԤ˸߹˵ʲôģ廹һ˿ϣϣܹͨ߹õһЩǰƵĴ𰸣Ȼʧˡ
Ǻǣ˭˵үʧˣο߹Ѿ˵𣿡
ЦоµĲ豭Ż档
ԻһŶ¶רעɫ
ԣԹ塣
֪ٵĴϻۣ˵̸бضܹջ
߹ʵ˵㡣һЩ˵Ҳ˵仰˵ڳе߹֪ģʥΪʲôǰôı仯ȫ֪һ
΢Цţǰаָ渵
ڶ߹˵κʱҪű¡Ҳ˵ʥʶԼĿǰǳҲпһЩãӢ䣬ųǧһۣӦñֻ˵ǰһıȻԣҲΪ
ˣ
ͬӿգٵһĺ֮У˵ͬһյƵڰѸǰҵľһ
ԭֻǰأһٵһȻ˲١
һЦʵҵĵĻǵ㣬ҿ߹֮ԻᣬʵҪΪ˵㣡
ʲô
һѿʵ


1948 Ź
߹˵һлԶûнδиǲԸ⿴顣仰ڰʾǣδľƿ»ñڸ㣡
ٳ
˼߹ʵǵģ
忪ڵͻȻҲ뵽ʲô

Ŀ峺ƶޱȡ
Щ飬ִ֮䣬Ҳ˼ףһ˵һ˼ܶණҲԽ
߹شģģһоǿҵĲ
Щӹɵģ
û˵ıƽɲ
߹ΪصؾԼ֮ǰѹûġ
Ȼϸ룬߹֣Լϱܶ෴Լӣһڰʾһ㡣
ʱԣֻ֮룬ࡰɵ㡱
Ǽһ㣬ò𰸣ڵľȻû˿İǧͷ߹Ը˵Ҳ޴֡
ҡҡͷ̾Ϣ
˭˵ģ
ĻĿ¶ЦƳһۡ
߹ʾеһжԵɣһ棬һʼںܾǰڡĳ̶ֳϱûҪ磬Ϊ飬ûе֪
߹֪һе࣬һΪʥʵĹϵʥʣһ棬Ϊʥʵʱá
ٻָĿ峺һ㣬·𶴲еһС
ǰߵĻǿûκηǺߵĻǾͲһˡ
ҾãǻҪʹ˲ܶ»
ɽˮͤоĵģֻ紵ģҲֳһ˿Цݣ
治ǾʦϵĵһŮһδҾ֪㲻ʧ
У
ԣһ죬Ʋͷȥѵ¶һ˿ɫ
İǰλŮҲ¶СŮ̬
ˣүѾ뵽𣿡
ٵ
Ƕдǲ뵽һˣ
΢Цŵ
ʣպպˮֱд˼֣Ƭ֮չģԷд֣¶һ˿ĵЦݡ
˸߹⣬ƻˣʥʵʱãʥʵĹϵҲ׽үүƵǰŹҦҵүӣҦ硣
Խķ֮󣬼͵ܳзʲô£֮սλүҲûг档
ʱ˺ܶʵˣλүӣǵ۹ӽȨģصس
ʥʣΪŹǣ֪ɾһ½֪ļѻ
Щ飬߹ݣ޷˵Ҳ˵λүӾͲһˡ
д⣬뿪ɽˮͥǰķݡ
һ޴ͥԺΡȻһͽԼſġķݡңʾĲ
ϵ͸һ۾ͿͥԺǽͷ֣ǰȣЩԽïʢˡ
ⲻһεÿһεĸܶһ
ķݣؾţʵλүӵĵλȫ԰ｨĸûʵġ
ķݵַʵĳ̶ֳϣҲλүеĳ׷
ﵽһ̶ȣȨﵽһ̶ȣԴƽԼһЩ񵭵Ķ
пţܿƿţ˳ȥ
ү
ſڣ壬æͷ赲
һʱһʱʱ廹ֻһӣλȨء
еĻȨʹɳķݣ˸赲
үҪͨ𣿡
һ˵ʱͷĿ⡣
ˡ
ڣ˵ĿУ̤ܿķڡ
ķڼɽˮأһƬƽͣһƬƬ֣дС
ƹһƬƬɽ֣ܿͿϤĸۡ
СүСүˣ
ոճ֣ۡſڣһԭ޾ʵϹܼ۾һվɫһ·ɱ˽ȥ
ķڣҲһһը˹һ׷״һػĽҲӿ
ʲôǺˣ
Уһ̫̫ԵüΪĿֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ͿһüĿ˳ĿɨһȦܿǰ¶һ˿ůЦݡ
̣
һů⣬Ҳǿ첽ӭȥ˵һѱסԼ̡
дĹأŷϣҲΪ˼峤õĴС
ԴүӺ̫̫ķݣֻ壬ҰĴبڣ׸ܽķݡ
Ҫǻ˻ﵣ̸Ҳķݡ
ֻңڵҦҲˡ
Ǻǣˣ̿ҵĴӢ̸ۣĴ󹦳
̫̫ɿ֣ϸСӣϲԽɫ࣬˵壬һԺ
үǴƵ࣬𾴵ľŹһӢ۵ǵبһͲˣҲûʲôܳΪһܹسɣүµݼҵӰͲˡ
ֻû뵽ˣУȻͻ𣬲˸үӹʶڸȥˡ
үȻҲսڶĶ֣ͻʡ˹ҲܣҲһֱӸӵĴʳֱ硣
ƵİͼҶǣһ·쵽˴롢˹ɺһֱ͸
ƵİͼӴԸӣΪ½ϣģǿĵ۹
廹Ӵ磬ͳ֮£Ϊķء
ﲻФҲӴһݼҲ̳УôҲܲ⣬˵ڳҰĵطȻûз࣬ҲѾٲȻ࣡
ԼҵүȻһӣ˾ҲϹսֹãսԺգԼСӲĻ治һ㡣
Һˣʤ̵ģβˣ
ҽүүѾܾˡ
̫̫֣ϲԽ
үүҺܾã
ɫһ룬̽ݡ
һ̫ʦΰţԱߣһľһ÷ԱһѴҵүӾʹһ£ԱߵΣ
֮ǰү޼÷
үӺӡеĲ࣬Ǹϵӣֻǿ˲٣ҲһЩ
үү
үӣæǰһ
ûˣԼ˼Ͳ̫ˣҿ
壬үӵڻȫûյϣǶ˼׽ζ


1949 ص壡
үү̣δӴʳҴһЩʳزһЩʳ顢ҩģɷĩЩҩĻܹ٣塣˲ܺⶼûеˮص׸үүƷ
һЩ߾Ļƽ˲͸үү̣жͻʺԱشİܺͰ׺Ҳ˲·̺ӣһ˹
幪
Ǻǣúˣ
̫̫һЦúϲ£졣
ʲôʱͶˣ⣬ʮѵá
һ࣬ŹȻû˵ʲôҲޱȡ
ȻķУѲǹϢ֪Ҳһֱڹע
үүûп㣡סЩĥѣԽĳˣΪ˴ƵŹ֮
үӿڵ
ж︣بϣӣүʵѾٲ㣬壬ڱ֮ܵĴۣүӶ֪ģҲû̫ȥ롣
ĥ³÷ԿຮҲûʧһδεĥѣ̥ǣ£Ϊ˾ƵӢۡ
ұƲ⣬̸󣬳Ϊĵһˣǰδеĳɾͣ
ҲΪһµĸ߶ȣⷽ˵Ѿ׵ĳԽҦңҦҵүҦ磬ԼҦԶԶ˦
Ȼү˵صĻ岢ûԼʧΪ˴Ƶأ֮ûûҵŷ硣
ллүү佱ֻԼ飡
ǫѷ
Ȼ̣̸ĿʢеһжȲүү򵥵ļ϶
һǣһƬɣһЩϲãһЩůҲһЩԺ
Ϊ½֪ľŹѪӵܣԼûûҵŷ硣
ɣ
Źһָָָǰһһ˵ӷŵ
ǹ֮سһһĿ͢㣬Ҳ㣬һһϵشνķݣ˿үүӦû°ɣ
ǰ֮үĿⶴ죬ֱӿڵ
ȷʵһЩѡ
ĬƬ̣ʼֱ⣺
գ͢Ϸ׷ţ˺ܶ飬˼ãûд𰸣ϣܹүүõָ㡣
үӺ̫̫һһվ࿴һۣһϵӡ
ֵǿ˾֪¶
Ҳûж룬Ƭ̣ͽϵ飬¼̫ƽ¥¼ѡ¼¼Լ֮ǰʥʵ쳣ԼһЩĲ²⣬ȫ˵˳
̣үӺ̫̫רţ˭Ҳûдţãȵ˵꣬һƬţĿ¶˼ܾöû˵
Ѿֵز𣿡
ãүͻȻڵ
ˣ
仰һ񣬶̧ͷ˹ȥ
εķݰݼүүҲֻûָܹõʲô𰸡үүⷬһڣָ̬оһΣûҴ
үүƺ֪飡
үүϵش䶼ڹעʥʵԸ仯޴Ҳ˺ܴ²⡣

ǹ֮سӦ֪֮£Ӳ顣Щ飬Ȼʥʺ͸߹˵ôȻв˵ԭ͵ҲвòôĿԡ
ң̽ѰĶΪߣӦȹ̹֮֮Σ飬ֻҪΣ̫⡣
үӿڵ
һ㵣ûϵеүү֮үүȻҪ֡
һķӦ
үүʥ֮䣬֪ʮ꣬˵Ĺϵ½֪Լе֪ʥʵЩ飬үүǸȥעʥʵİοȰԼΪӦȹ̹ҸΪȣҪȥ¡
˵ûүү͸߹һ֪е顣
пһܵĸоһЩ΢Ķ
һɲһ˵ĸоӿ
ʵ󣬵ʲô飬ʹøʿүү֪࣬ʥʵı仯ȴڲӶʼձܵ
ңʿ˵ҲͰˣΪʲôүү֪һУҲԸԼ˵
ûʲôˣֻҵڳֻ˵ǼϵشѾصԼҲ˵ĵز
һֻǰԽ˷롣
д˷˲Ϣ䣬Ժͷ
ϣ֪ĸ߹үү˵˭ܹ֪еࣿ
ԼٷƵ̬һء񻯣ʱδã
ѵҪӵ鷢չǸز
үүڲǹ£ҲӲҪ֣Ѿǳء˹ǧһۣţʥʷǳ𾴡
ڣΪʥʵһϵΪѾڳҰܴ顣ʷǵķӦǳң˽ѾƺΪˣ
忪ڵ
ˣ
ǰ漸仰үӵɫû̫仯֣үӵ۾գһ£ıɫ
ƣͼΣŻѪʥʣƲнյľ棬ʲôʱ¶ǻˣ
үҲ̲סϺ¶һ˿ŭɫ
үӣ⺢Ҳֻ˵˵ѡ
һԵ̫̫æסŹο
үүڵȻᣬУҲֻˣԴ񡣵ʲôΣģһ죬ЩΪʵ
үүһάʥʵñʼգ

û˱δ̬չˡ
ǰļ䣬ʥʵ֣ŮɫһϵеĻ£ܿ·飬Ӯһ
ǰҲͰˣԼֻһƬ沨ĸƼѣڣУͶƬС
ңʥԽ˽⣬Խϣʥߵһ
ҲһֱҪ̽飬ʼղԸһҪԭ
۾үƺܵʲô𶯲ѡ
С
Ƭ̣ڴӻȡö˫壺
ںʱʥʻ塣
屾ֻһԣû뵽óǿ壬үӺ̫̫Ȼ֮ǰ˵ǷҪ

үӴнӹǿ˫壬ͻȻ̾Ϣһɫӣ֮ǰȻͬ
벻¾ȻὫ嶼㡣
үӲϵָḧͺǿ˫ӵĳĺ塣
һĻдΪ⡣
ԭΪʥʸԼĳֻߣ񵱳үڹ㳡ϴԼİɫӰ㣬̺ĳЩΪҪϢһ̣үүķӦʶԶԼô򵥡
үӵķӦżԶʷпܶʥʡүӣԼ߹ĳĺ塣
ĻʥΪʲôҪԼ
嵽ʲôܣ
ԽԻˡ


1950 Ҧ룡
Щ鲻үүԸ㣬Ϊϵ̫޷㣬˵ڻǸʱ򣡡
ү̾Ϣһ鸴ӣһ˫ǵУ¶һ˿ɫǺܿ죬һˡ
үү
üһ£ĻѾȫԤ롣
ʥϷ飬үүȻ֪ģ
Ψһջ
ȿȣ
˼ʱͻȻһС
ɫ΢䣬̧ͷֻǰԭֱͦɫϵүүͻȻҵĿԣ׶԰ࡣ
һԣ̫̫æĺ󱳡
үү
һʣæץүݵָͬʱһɻ˹ȥ
û£ֻżз纮һͺãҪ
ܵĵǣү֣ʾԼû¡
һ˵ţһ߽ӹ̫̫һԵݹĲ裬һڣŻɫ
忴үүĿȴ¶һ˿ĵǡ
үүȻĵˣҲ书Ų׵ΪǺأ˲Ҳڻͨһ׸Ⱦ纮˾ҵĿԡ
οϴүүٺһֱʶүүЩҩǿ塣
һǣӿһ˿Ĳ͵ǡ
ţʥʸǿ壬ʲô£㶼ҪƱܡĻҪҪ
үƿ̫̫Ĳǰ壬һɫ
ˣ͵ɣүү岻̫ãúϢ
̫̫һԵ
ֹǿүүƺҪ̡
̣пŵҩȸүү£ȹ취ѼһЩҩ
״վ֪Ҳʲʲôˣһܿ߳˷ӡ
ʧүֱ̫̫࿴һۣɫӣ̾Ϣһ
үӣʲôĺ𣿡
̫̫̲סոһɲ̲סҪ˵סˡ
Щ²ǲԸǸ˵鶼д𰸣Щ֪Ǻ£
ү̾Ϣ¶һ˿Σ
ĳ̶ֳϣΪ˱ҲΪ˱۹
ү˵ţƺоЩ̫̫Ĳ£ȥ
ܿ߳ķݣɽ֣߳˴ſڵʱܲգһɫӲѡ
һķ֮УõһЩ𰸣Ǹ⣬ʼûеõ
߰ɣ
ܿ߿ˡ
ǰǾݴ󶼻ˣ
˵ʱʱ죬˳ķݶʱһͻȻӶߴ
ϣһ˻ͣɫһ΢΢üͷ
ʲôˣ
үҼ̫ү֮ڴ˹ʱ̫үԣүҪ֪ĳЩ𰸣Ϊβһ
·ԣģˣ˵һ
̫ү
彣üһֲӣֻǿһۣؿڵһƺꪵļһգжһ¡
Ҧң
ʯ䣬һͷԺ͵һ¡
ʦƺΪһյģҲֻҦˣܱҦΪ̫ģҦҿҲֻһλҦҦүˣ
һǣþ飬ʬɽѪս̩ɽǰɫ䣬Ҳ𶯣¶һ˿ɫ
үҦүӺҦүӴǰͿʼҶһӡ
ҦҵҦҲİӣ¥һ£弰ʱֹ֣Ҧҵıмƣҵ䣬֧飬Ǿһˡ
Ҧ춷ҦҵӱҦ綷ΩûкλҦҵ̫үϣ۴һ濴ҦҵүӣһѲĶ֡
һһλү꣬ȴʼ
ʥʵǻ֮ʱ͢ңүүŹƾŴ֮ڴý֮ʱֹͣܵǶλΪ˾ľŹ
ҦҵҦүӣûд繦ûвңҲûдҷ֮ȴһ˴ƵλҦҲΪ˴Ƴ͢һɲɺӵӴ
Ϊǣ֮ңˣΪҪĻţҦҦȴȻʼһ˵ҦүӾԹû
ƣֻҪλҦүӻһϢд棬¾ܱӻҦҰȻ£˭Ҳκβˡ
ֻôû뵽Լ鹬ʱλҦүӾȻȺԼ
·
ЩͷԺзӶԥܿ쿪ڵ
ʥ޽ķ֮ǽλƵ뵽һһΪԼοǴֻϧλүӵĹϵʵ̫ʥҲòķһΪһҵľŹһҦҵҦүӡ
Ȼÿνķݵʱ򣬶Ӷྭ棬廹һζûȥ
үүŹͬүүûҦһԺϴӣԺӣһһʲôУʲôУԿóҦҵүӶЩûжϲ
еûݣеĻҲĺңһһʲôɡ
ģȴЩ֦ϹŵһЩȫķǳ£ҲõķǳɾһҳûУȻ񣬵ķȴ࣬ǳɾȻ˶ڵϸĴɨ
ġ𿡢ҹݺü顭еȸԾţһö
𻨲ľЩȸȻõӾĵϡ
Ҧүϲʦܶ˶֪ġ
үǰ룡
ʱҦһС
عܿǰĴ֮С
ھүүۡԶһ䷿Уλ£̩ɽһ㣬үүͥ쵼˰ƽɽȺҦ磬Ҧүӡ
ķ԰ףƣһȣŵҲ൱أͨ˲ࡣ
֪˳ӿĴϣûжܹϳλµҦ࣡
ڴҦ磬Ҧͬڴ塣
ǰֻ꣬ʮ˾꣬ʦ֮У͵ӵܾԲп൱һֵˣＦ߻ĩĵزǰλȴѳΪµľݴ󶼻󽫾̸ʿԸ⣬ܳ
¸߰ҦүҲòϣԼҲ޷֮ȡ
ӰһǿȨټϸʳһսҦҲҪĪ
Һﶷ˴뱲ӣû뵽ȴӡ
ǰ壬ҦүҲ̲סп
һҦࡱĸ߰˽֪ġ
ҪȻҲ߰ʮ䣬ںүүݣŻһԺЩиֻݣһڳүүֵЩӡүүеЩҵġ÷񡱣Ҧүȫ֮Աǵġ
ľֵôߴ󣬾Ҫүүȥġ
û뵽һ˵šҾ㵽ϣҲǸҦȻһ棬˵١Ļ
үҦˣ
˵棬ҦѾһɫ£Źȣվһ
ңҦ֮ܲ𣡡
õһԣͬʱһ
ȻҦһ򲻶ԾȴʱռˣҦһʮүһһһ룬Ҧභаãϣȴڲ


1951 Ҧ
ҪǣţҦԼԼΪҪԼ䣬κСλҦүӵģֻԸ
ʤܲ٣ҦãҦ޺ֺһϵڡ
Ҧ翴һĻĸпüҦҲûж˵æָָߣٴ
үɡ
Ƭ̣һӣҦ̩Ȼ¡
ҦүֶθЦŭһһֶΣʱգ޴󶼻ӷ⻤󽫾ͻﵣҲҦүʲôصֶΡ
֪Ҧټ壬Ϊ£
ֱֱ
Ǻǣ£ʥҪ̫ƽ¥˰ճգҪ޽ѡ㣬үνķݣΪ˴¶İɣ
ҦүҲ΢Цŵ
ǣ
岢ûзϣҲûзϵıҪ
Ҧү΢΢һЦҲȣԱߴ˸ƣŮǰ裬˿ûһµ˼ҦүҲ⣬ԼĲ豭ĨĨĲĭ
֪үү˵˶٣˵ˣû˵
˵棬΢΢ƺָ
Ҧα֪ʣ
巴ʵ
ҦСϺꡱ֮ƣ˵ǻۣͬʱҲĶ졣
岻ţ᲻֪
Ͳ·ߵԼˡ
Ǻǣô˵Ϸûв´ԼӣҲһڣ첻˵
ҦҡҡͷЦƺһ㶼⡣
΢΢üȴʲôҲû˵
Ҧ֪
巴ʵ
ǺǣֻЩ²ѡ
Ҧ΢΢Цûлر⣺
ǺǣЩȥܾˣֻû뵽ٸˮ档Ȼ߹˵үүҲտڲҲͬûа취̫ࡣֻǣ˲ͬҵ㣬Ҳ֪
Ϊܶ飬Ҷ⣬ûв뵽棡
Ҧ
ԶʱüͷԽˡ
Ҧⷭ˵൱û˵֪ҦүӰԼ뵽Ϊ˹Ū飬˵ôһͨ
Ȼ岢꣬Ҳû׷ʣҦ΢ɲĵ˵ͷŵ
ȻܸͬʲôȴԸôȥ飡
ˣ
ԣ𶯣͵̧ͷ
Լ²һҦүҲ֪ߡȻһǿܶ⣬֪Ĳ࣬϶Ծ֪֮һ
Ϊүү߹ͬʱԹڣºʲôܹҦλϺꡣ
ʲô
Ǻܿ죬侲
ҦҾʲôȻ֪𰸣ţҦүӻôģ֪ɻ󲻽⣬ص˵·ߵĵĸ𰸡
ȻλүϲһӣҲ֪λǰεġҦࡱʱƣɾӡûкô飬Ǿȥġ
ǺǣүأϷʲôֻүˡ
ҦүӰ˰ֵ˵ţҦүӵɫȴ࣬תͷһ䣬
С㻹ҳ
ⷬΪ죬ʶ˳ҦүӵĿȥ
ĽĵģʲôҲûз
һ̣һ죬һӰٰĲԸӺ˳
Ҧ磿
Ƥһ͵۾ⲻѡ
ôû뵽ҦԼ뵽ȻҦ硣
ɲˣ֮ǰҦܹᣬݺΪˣĸϲȻŭҲΪҵġ衱
֮ս˹֮սһæŴЩ޴ΣգҲȥһССҦ磬û뵽ҦȻ˹
һɲǣͷԺӿһǰҦүɫ΢ͻȻ֮ʲô
Сүǰ㻹ᣬүǰϴ
Ҧү
û
ҦСͷȻһԸ
ҦǵĻ𣿻ҦҾʹ˶Ͼ𣿡
Ҧүƹȣŭɽߡ
ҦүӷŭҦƺ뵽ʲôɫ΢ϣʱˡ
Щ£Ϊù𣡳ûüүϴ
Ҧүŭ
ҪΪֱ޲еĹȺݺݵһ١
ү
ҦԥţߵǰȻͱ廹󣬵ССڹ¥ϵʱ򣬸Ҧǰֵһᣬ۶һۡ
ʱǨȨ壬ܵǹӴѹҦɫͷ̧
⼸꣬ҦʵҲŬˣ;ҲǺȣֱʮǧʬɽѪУڰɱ͵ϺȣҦӵܹܵ˵ġ
ߣ˵ô࣬ҦһжΪɣ
Ц
ʱͨ͸Ŀֲһû͹ͷҦҦүӻڸһ˵ﶷ˴뱲ӣû뵽ӡףλҦүΪԼΨһ·ѡ
Ҧ磬㵱飬ΪһǰɣҪԭҲףҵ棬˵ԲҴˡȻԼԼƣ
ⷬҦһһס
ˣҪҶüҷ𣡡
һԵҦүȴŭ
Ҧϱòи˽սãڡ
ԲҴˣ
ԲҴˣ
ԲҴˣ

ֻҪ˵ΣҦȴ˵Σÿ˵һΣԼһ⣬ҦһӢף
һԵҦүӿһĻȴǳһ
ԸͷǾ˵һתأϴӦȴһƽ᲻ˡ
պ׵Ҧ磬ԼԶʣϣٲȻһ⽮壬һǣҦаٸн
ͬΪ𾴵࣬ϸϣŹ˺ͳʱ磬λҲߣ˶һӣˡ

بһʲôبȱڳȴʱжϲ壬ϹڹŰ壬ȻһսȴڷؾɣͻƣһӶҪǸλá
ֵһҲѹҦ죬ֻϧһ壡
ڸղʹ̼еҦ磬г̾һ
һǣͻȻЩ
Ҧûˣ
µһ𣬾Ѿעˣӹ¥ʵѾʼˡȥҦұضһǧɣҦҲѵΡ
ˣˡ
һǣҦбޱȣѾŲ̫ʱˣҲֻΪҦҲһѡ
û˱ףҦٲҺͽ⣬δȥ֮Ҧһ治ڶ⡣


1952 ƽ֮
û˵Ҧүӵ뷨ǲµһЩҲܸܵһЩȴ˿Ϊ˵ĶԹҦϷһѾ뵱ˡ
ĵģҦеĴ𰸣ҹ£һҦء
ݲһˣ粻һˣ۽ȻҲһ
ҦѾͬˡ
ȥɣ
ҦүӰ˰֣飬ѾҦˡ
Ҧʲôͷܿ뿪ˡ
Ҧһߣڱ㰲Ա߷̵Ů˿ˣĿʮڣûһˡ
忴һǰҦ磬ɫҲ֪Ҫˡ
үκ鶼ѰҪҳһȥ鹬ʮǰĵ伮ջҲֻܸôˡ
Ҧ˵ţ̾ϢһŹȻվ
үʱ䲻ˣҾͲˣЩ֪ĶˣδǺ¡үţ֪ԽԽãЩ飬ǲ²⣬Ҳ
͵һ£˵
Ҧⷬл⣬ֻϺ겻˵˭Ҳ²
лҦ࣡
վʩһҲʣٲȥ
ܴҦʳʮǰе伮ѾջˣֻҪȥңضܹջ
һȣ
ߵſڵʱһͻȻ
ɫһͣ½Ųʶת
ֻҦһ£ͻȻŹȳķ˹
ү֪ΪβϲݣϲΨķУô񣬹ô𣿡
֪
΢΢һЦҦ磬֪ضԼʾ𰸡

Ҧ̾ϢһߵбɲǾŲԶĵط¹ȣȻԱһżȡһֻü
ǻü֮ͬУһ˿߰ȣͽżһ
Ҧ⿪˰Żü˿ߣǻüҦԾţ󻶿ĽȻѾҦǳ
˺ܶ񣬶ķϸѡƷ֣ķǷߣص˿ϵˣڽżϣǸ֪Щɲߡ
Ҧ˵ţһͣǻü㻶Ľһų򣬴Ҧɳ
ǻüųֻɳɣ岻ȣߵķݰ㣬ӿ䵽˵ϡ
ƽ⣿
üͷһ壬˵֣ľ΢еһжֻü֮£ʧȥƽ⣬׹䵽ϣΪҦȥҲһЩ
ҦȥЩǳΣصѡģϿʲôʵëѡʧ⡱
βҲһЩ޼
ƽ֣
Ҧүӿǰ꣬һ˿͵ɫ
ڳ͢ʮ꣬ķ֮꣬Ȩ֮ܶķ˺ͲۣҲʲôˣһһΣʼܹǰλʵ۶أΪƽ֡
ܼžҦүŹȣǰݵһ̱ŷһӴģ޷ӵһ̶üͷһдΪ⡣
ҦүǴ̳ϵĳλλ벻ٹҲηʲô粨ҲκβеܺԵֻҦүԼֻ֪ûҦүӾȻᵱԼ˴뱲ӵӣ˵Լ뱲ܽľܡ
Ҧࣿ
忪ڣЩɻ
йӣӹزˣӹȻЩǻۣȴСǣϲ̨棬Ը̫꣬ѳɴ£ڷǺӣ޶ۣѿá
Ҧүӷ·ûһҡҡͷǰĬĬ
һܽĵҦȴû˿Լ̳УϷ˵ʵƽĺ£ʦ󲿷ҪôµµΪҪôʹ޶ۣûһ˿ҵ۽磬ҵѧ˵
ϷҲû뵽Ψһܴѧ˵ˣȻǸͷӵӡ
˵Ҧү겻ѡ
ͬ⣬ҲҦ죬Ҧ磬Լˣ󲿷˶һãȻԣҦ춼˵ȫ˵ס
岻ͬŸոտڣûô˵Ѿеĵ
Ҧβ꣬β̾
Ǻǣ
ⷬѾȫ׹Ҧүӵ˼ȻҪΪѣ뱲̳ĵԼͷӡ
Ҧүӵĺˣνƽ֮ҵӹ֮ˣвͬȴȥԶ̫ƽҲͰˣ£ȴѧ˵һӪ;ں棬û˿ͦΣӣΣӣͬΣӣ
ƽֻ֮سɣڽȡ֮ҦҪңͲˡ
ȻһЦ
ҦⷬȻ֮ǰԤϵġ
ãһس֮˵Ĳƽ֮ȷʵʺ㣬Ϸˡ
Ҧ΢΢һЦͻȻ֮ҲȻˡ
ÿ˶ÿ˵·ӵ·Լķȷʵʺ
һܿ뿪ҦĸۡҦվڴſڣȻܾ뷢԰׵ϣ¶һ˿ͻЦݡ
֨ѽ
ţȥϰϮһӰԡ
ô
ٿʵҦүӾȻٽȥʵǳԤϡ
Ҧүˣ
Цݣ
Ҧүķеı֣һ߳һۣһнľͨ˽¡
ԪϣҰⱸ𾴵ġҦࡱֻһ̣Ϊ˼棬ŻԼ߰ͷ­
ڻʱʵλѾߴʮҦүѾֲ̫ˡ
뵽Ҳ겻ѣΪȻҦҾãҦүΪƵĳξðʢ̫ƽҲףӹɵġ
ɣ
忴ǰߴٵ
ݣ
һߺȣܿ뿪ķݡ

ʱ仺ȥķݻ֮¬֮͢ȵȥʮǰصĵ伮Һܿµķ֡
үǲеĵ伮͢󳼣ĳ佫ŹҦڶǳ걸һЩСС⡭
ĴڣǹŸΰԼķ˵
ʲô⣿
ϣüͷֱӿڵ
⡭е϶ǳ걸Ҳǳã̫棬̫ڣ棬ڡȻʵϴʼڹжзǳ걸ļأǹʥʵȴȱʧһ󲿷ֻ֣ʥʵǻԺϣ
ǳ
ʲô
ڿ֮ϣԴΪ⡣


1953 ո
⣬ǵϼطǳҪʧ˵ݵʷǸһһľɡ
Ϊļ¼֮أʱ򣬶רŵ̫¼֪ⷽļжôϿ
ڣʥΪݵǧһۣܳľȻȱʧ˵ǻǰҪϣֱ˼顣
ʶĿ٣˶ӶԷп𶯡
ѹҦүڣʣ˵ľ£
һȹӣĿϻۡ
ķУҦүһֱʾҼʮǰĹе伮ʱ˻̫ףʱ˿̿ɵľʥʵʷϼء
е伮ͬʷټأʷҲΥءҹеʷϼΪ⣬ר˼أнػ˸Խ룬ңһ¼㳯дҲȨĺɾġڣʮʥʷʧ
üͷɫء
Ϊʲô˭Щ
ü˵
ļ¼ɲͳ͢޹أ͵Ҳ޹أҶǼʮǰϣ˭ȥԡЩϣ
ңΪʲô桢̫ڡڵ˵ϱȫȴΨȱʥʵϣ
ҪǣϵʥһϵеķٶҦүӵڰʾʲô
һɲǣ˵Ժд˷˲Ϣͷ
£ƳҰԼеľޱ䣬ԽԽ˿ˡ
ڴ֮ǰ˸ûһлָʮǰ뵽ʥʷʧٵ
ٹеҪʷ˭ôĵӣ£
صӿڼ˶Ĭ
ȻҲ֪ЩʧٵĹе伮ʲôܣֻǲʮǰϵĻʵһ취
ٳ˼Ƭ̣ͻȻ̧ס
˵ͷͬʱ˵һ֡
ո
еʷϵ伮ҪصǹиӻŮһһУһһǵĹʦ;֮ԡ
ȻҲճӣһһС
Щ¼ںܶ෢ص㶼ڹУʷ޷ȡġ
ֻҪӻŮǻ뵽Ұ񣬺;ʦӵйʷܻϣһһأֻǺ͹ˡ
ʦո
ڴƣûһЩĴڣû̫ʷռҵģ֮١
ȻСھг󣬴ʮ꣬ǵһΰݷռҸۡ
ԭܼ򵥣ھУڸҵӵ˵ռҾһ̶Ѩʦء
ռҵȻ书Ǹĵңеһ˱ʣȴ佫еĵҪ¡
һʲô뵽ռҵĶУʷϣľһϴΪˡ
ôĸۡ
ϵǰ۴αȣשߣпѡ
ռҵĸۡûۡݻǰҲʯʨǳ͵ռҵĸۡ͹ģȴԶһöࡣ
ܶ˶֪ռĹ٣Ϊ͵ҲʮأԺܶ඼ռϮ̫ʷĴҡ
ݳΪ֮ʷ۲ߣʲôռҶʼ
ռҵĸۡ൱һֶʹͣľҲĬˣûջأĸࡣ
ռҾ󲿷ֵķӣϵġ
˼Ƭ̣ܿ뵽ռҸۡ
ռңռŷеռӵȫӭӣԼߵӴ塣
ǰӼȴãϵĶӣĶG
ҸѸߣսҪܶ϶Ѿټˣת¼¼Щ֮ǰѾõʥʵ׿ϣүʲô£ֱҡ
ȻϵͣҲȷʵж㣬á
մˣˣһЩʷϣͳϵйأϣմܹæͨһ¡
忴һڶռӵܣ⡣
ĶG¶ԥɫ
ռҵʷϣһдãܷղأ޷ı£ǹأΪľǷֹǿԼļأҪ۸ϣԼ
ʷϣǷġ
ЩΪ޸ԼԼļ壬ֶΣɳ̿ͣҹ伮鶼ɵĳЩҵģ±ʼǵĸ֣۸ܳϣ󣬻Ǳռ˲˳
Ϊ飬ɹ飬ҪԼɾһЩԼļ¼
ô飬ռй涨ʷһܷ⣬òġǾ࣬ˡ
ռʷٵǰҲǻϿɵǰᡣ
ʷ£ռұ뱣֤Լʷʵԡ
֪ռҵĹأҲǲԼϣʮǰǾʦ֪ġӵܡҲɳǿŮ飬㾩ʦ˭֪ˣ޸ġ
ƺ֪ĶG˼ʲôֱӿڵ
ⷬĶGԼܱߵռӵܣʱһֻҪ岻ǳģһб㶼˵
үռҲԸ⣬ʵռҷйأеĹر˵ˣӵܣ֮䶼ôġ̫ڻʵʱҲֹ飬֪ôͲҶ˵ˣүܹ£
ĶGһ񣬳
ȻȨ㳯ҰԭԭЩռǲЭġ
մˣԽһ˵𣿡
忴һҵռӵܣͻȻɫ
ĶGһȵĿһۡ
Ƕ£
ĶGһ£еӵܷ׷ȥܿĶG壺
ү˵˰ɣ
մ²Ϊ˽¶Ϊ˳ϵĹ£Ҫĵһιʥǰڵʷϡ
Ƭ̣㽫ʥʵǼǰʧԵ˵˳
ʲô
ĻĶGҲǻһ𶸵۾
еĵ伮Ȼռҹܣǹڹ⣬ֻҪǺʷأһΪϸϵͳ
ϣΪ˱׫ʷ飬еĹе伮ɻռҲġο׫ҲռʷҪһ֡
Ҫǣǹھļأ˭£һȥɱͷĴ
ϵش󣬺ֻ֪ܶпܣһϣܹ̫ʷˡ

үǲԸ⣬ʵΪʵҸѽʮ䣬Ϊõıʷϣҹͣĸɼ󣬼ҸڲϣеʱܶͶǲˡ
ĶGЦ
ⷬʱдΪ㵣֮ǰûϵġ
ĶG岢İһ磬һ֣ĺĬֽմ֢
һҲζ̫ʷʳ𰸵뷨ȫա
һĶʱȥ

֮ԻҸʵҲΪԭ򡣡
ĶG


1954 ջٵĵ伮
Ϊʷ٣¼׼ȷԼΪҪһּ󣬶ʷ˵ǾǻԵġ
մˣеҲ֪ڵʥʺǰȴྶ֪ͥռҶʷϷǳأռҲòĵı⣬Ϊ˷ֹٹٶԹԼļزӶ֣ıʷ
ҪĵֻʮǰʥʵǼʱϣ볯޹أٹ޹أʮ֮Щһṫ֮ڣЩϣռҡٹԼöκεӰ죬ϣմܹͨһ

ĶGĬȻ˵òֻҪʥڵϣԼļأôռҡ͢Լٹȷʵ̫Ӱ졣
ĶGԤУռҵĹء
մʷҲǹ٣ֻҪΥΥԭЩδزͨһ¡ѡҲ֪Ȼʥǰ˵ʱãǸþζŻûаݣʱ
ھݸѾĲһﵽֵزݸʼŮӣĸŮŮ֮˴˷룬ĺ̡
̫ƽ¥Ҳһףڻֻڹ޽һʥϺȻ֮ı⣬ҪЧǰ쾵ھݸ޽й죬˲ƣܿ࡭ϣһжչֵز𣿡
忪ڵ
⡭
ĶGԣжʱ¶ԥɫ
˵ĲʷҲǹ٣ռ˵ҲĵˣʢհҵͬҲռӵϣġ
ǡ
մˣˣ
ٴ֣ص

ĶGг̾Ϣһ̧ͷ
үܱ֤飬Բ𣿡
УЩܹ͢𣿡
Դϲ֪ĶGѾɿˡ
屣֤յԲʥʵǻǰʷȷʵĶڵĳ͢ʮҪ
֣ص
ãүүԵȣĶGȥϡ
ĶGп
лˣ
ռҵĸۡ飬ܶ඼ǲס˵ġ
ľɵһһţÿжװռҵˣҪƷĲУҳԼҪϣҲҪķãܡ
ʱ仺ȥڷţôܴռҵõϣҲǴջ
ԼʱĶGȥ屾ΪԼҪĵ伮Ǹһо˲Ծ
ĶGǿ˫ֽģɫǷǳ졣
ôˣ
Ĵվоһ˿
ûˣ
ĶGڵĿͣƺĳ𾪺ʹС
ʲôûˣ
Ƥһʵ
Ұռҵͼ¼ǰָһʮ䷿ұ䶼ûҵʥʵǻǰϡ
ĶG
ôܣ
Ի𣬻ıɫ
ռҵʷϹǼΪ̵ģĳ̶ֳϱȹеĻҪϸ񣬶ռһһûг
һ棬ռҵĲƷ˾ҪʲôԺɳĲ飬Ҳ޴֡
ϣܷ
֮ͷϵӵܣпܵķ򶼲һ飬ȷʷ϶ʧ顣
оأҾټеˣʮǰʥʵǼ֮󲻾ãռһвٵ鼮ջˡ
ʱռĹأһڼլ֮ܳ伮Բ֪ʱڣǴʮǰջٵ鼮Ҫģʥʵǻǰϣ
ĶGڵ˻һֲ˼״̬С
ռҵϽ˶֪ģ¼Ͻ׼ȷͺƱܣռ˵С
ռҾȻôӣԲС¡
ܣ
𾪵
ôܻôɵ£еʷ϶ʧռǡʮǰһҲǲֵϣ
żȻĸ̫̫ˣɵӶ֪⡣
ĶG˵ģûָ˸ȥ
Уʲô˻뵽ȥջһЩû̫ôϣܴõʲô洦
һɲǼԽ˷ˡ
ռƹܼ¼ģұ֪
ĶG
ǣջٵĻѵյôɾûκεĲ𣿡

κ鶼˿£ǴջٱضһЩ伮ͬԲ鵽һЩֱָĻʹ
ҲôģԺҾϸЩܲĵ伮Ǹûвĵ伮еȫʧøɸɾ
ĶG
ķ֣þöƽ
𾪵ĲռһϽĹأµ伮ջ٣а취޲¼¼ġ
ĶGڵ伮ջˣǼ¼伮˻ڣӰ㲻̫
ռӵڶҪΪ̫ʷΪһĹ۲źͼ¼ߣһصǰǼˣȻ̫ʷ
Ǻϸ飬вĵ伮ջٲ˵ºҲûн±׫ռҸܷǲĵ伮±ջٷǳأҪҲ뾭һϵϸ򣬲ǿġ
Ҳ˼¼֣ʮǰ伮ĺȻǼҸ
˵õ¶һε𾪡
үӵĿ̺Ͻռӵ֪ܶģҲĶGһҪ׷ϺЧµĿꡣ
дµÿһ֣ͺӶڵϣԲ޸ġ
ĶGڶǵãָԼΪһֵ⣬ȻŭԼã궼ûмԼ
ڣ伮ģȻԼӡмΪϸĸףĶGθţ
ĶG֪УܳκϣΩܳԼϡ
ʱ˿̣ĶGҪ𾪡
ôܣȻүӣ
ĶGĻ˶ˡ࣬Ωû뵽»үйء
֮Ѹ侲߹үүҦ磬ټһռүӡԽԽ˷ˡ
ǵʲôǡЩʲô
˵仰
ĿǰΪֹĵ黹û̫չһӹɵġ
߹ԼүӡҦ磬ռүӣȫʲôһʥйء
ֻһ廹޷֪ǾѾȥʮ飬ڳϷģʲôϵ
ܿʹռ뿪ˣǣռүӣĶGҲͬ鲻ʲôϢ
ˣ
ٿӣ̽
ţ
˵ͷ㽫ռҷһһ˵˳
ôܣ
ĻԼĲ룬ٶסˡ
ǰڣλҵŮԴǻƣǾٶûһ·׷飬ǣȻ֮


1955 룡
ԣ˳˼
ǡҪٲȥ𣿡
Ťͷ
ڲǲ鲻⣬±Ҫи𰸡֪ΪʲôڸоԽԽˡ

һ̣ٴ߹˵Ļ
Σ̬֮ǰһҪҵ𰸡
ЩͷԺзӶܿع
Ȼȥɡ

ʱ仺ȥϵһĪչ֮ʣдϢ
үϸѲ˹Уѯк͵伮صˣһ̫һջ񡣡
̫ԭǱܵ伮¥󸽽ģҺ͹ʮǰһ¼лӻŮճк;ֹѾȥĹཻáϾʱ򣬾һȾơ
˵и¼Щ伮ˣڶ࣬⼸ʮһֱڱ仯ܾǰʵһְùĿ¼ȻʱԶֻҪҵְùĿ¼֪굽׷ʲô
ڣǵϥڵأ
ʲô
仰һ𣬴Ϊ⡣
֮ǰõϢе伮ļ¼֣任ǳƵ漰ʮǰĵ伮Ѳʲôֻû뵽伮ʧԵѾȥãû뵽ʱ
ʹһЩ伮̫࣬ǵ˵и¼伮Աһֱɲ飬ǰҲûôˣô顣ǴڼʮǰкһЩ£ٺְùĿ¼ƶҲ֮ȡˡ
ǳ
ʲô飿
ɫ΢䣬ʵ
ʱûв鵽ΪʱԶҲûʲô˼ǵá
ź
ûж˵Ƭ̣ܿ´
ϵӥȸҡȣбϣΣҳְùĿ¼
ǣˣ

ոմȥ̶һʱ䣬һְùĿ¼ͼӹ䵽ϡ
һűͼֽԼ߳һ߿ΪʱԶѾƣҪӣǹֽϾͬҪϺܶ࣬ȥʮ꣬ɼ
ͼֽϻһ治˸¼лʷĹһ¼𱣹ܵĻڼࡢѲ߸򡢸շֽ̫ࡢµĹŮеһжǳϸ
ҰļأлŮһСʮһ󻻣¼Ĺ͢ʷ٣ʮһֻĴﵽ˶ʮ꣡
Ҫǣǵʱ䷶ΧͰʮǰʥʵǻǰʱ
ҵʮǰʥʼ¼Ĺ͢ʷ٣
忴ְùĿ¼ԥ
ΪֹΨһҵİ취ˣֻҪҵЩ¼Ĺ͢ʷ٣֪ʧϣôеһӦö֮Ҳܹ֪ΪʲôЩϻᶪʧˡ
ܿ죬ʦƶ֮ת
ҪѰʮǰ˺£ԶôףƾŹڹӴ磬һϵеŲ飬ҵԼҪҵǸˡ
ݼ
ҹˣĴһ׵Ļߣվ·
룡
õšְùĿ¼ϵˣ󲿷ֶѸߣڴ֮ǰѾǰλϽ˶
еĲͬ벢Ǹ¼Ĺ͢ʷ٣ǵعеĻ¡
˽뾭ǵͬ⡣
˵Щ͢ʷ٣Щӽࡱˡ
˶뿪ˣǶȥԲʮڣûˣֻǰߣ˵ǰ令¡
ڲʮǰ飿
û忪ڣߣ˵ڵ
Ŀⶢ壬ȫûһ˿η塣
֪һ㣿
üͷһЩ
Ǻǣһ˳˹УԹ֮ˣǺ͹еأֺαشۣѲοˡ
̬Ⱥеȫͬɫ򶨣ƺϵ˽Ļ档
ԣ
üҡҡͷ
ԭ꣬Ұйȴһ㾪ȵķӦûС㵽׶֪Щʲô
˹Ȼ
ĬƬ̣ڿڣ̹׳ϣ
ȷʵ֪˻ҡ
Ϊʲô
üԽĲˡ
ԼżȻõҵλʮǰĻ£ǶԷȻϵһУʵ̫ˡ
Ǻǣʮǰû˿ףҺ͹ֵΪԭ򱻽ְϻң˺󣬹д̫ʱڿʼġְùĿ¼ͿʼֻŮ͢ʷٵĿ֮ǰƵֻһл˵𣿡
ĻټһλµЩ𣿡

΢΢ݣλл£лҪ
үڴ֮ǰֻһ䣬ʮǰ飬Ҫ𣿡

üһ£û˵ֻصģ˵ͷ
ϵشǣ̫Ҳûйϵ𣿡
ٴε
⣬ͣˣܲ鵽һֻߣڻ𣿡
ɫᶨޱȡ
ԣãһҲ֮࣬ǰ
үʲô֪ģֱʰɣ
ʮǰʥʵǻǰȫʧ飬֪֪

ʱ֪֪ˣ
ƽ
˵ͷĬƬ̣
û˿ʥʵǻǰļ¼Щ鼮Ǳ˴ˣԲԣΪ£ûе֪˭ߵģң˭
һ䣬롣
Ϊֹ֪ľ֪˭Щ伮ô͵֪˭֪һУռǳҲضʹѲ˹ϵ
ھĵģվڴУɫб仯
ûа취ֱӸ㡣
ãϵڴ
ʮǰµǶʱ䣬ҺͰֵȫǿеߣûп﷢飬Ҳûа취𰸡
ЩһӰػЩ伮İȫʱˣѾΪǵʹʱ˵ҪҪΪе嶼ˡ
йϸ񣬾Ǳߣ֪Ƕʱ䷢飬ǻһšÿ͵Ǽǡ֪Ƕʱ䣬ǿҲΨһġÿ͡

˭
Ϸӹһ˿˵ľâ
һɲǣڵսŵ˼㡣
ʿ߹
ĬƬ̣ԥ³һ֡
䣡
֣жȻɲ
ô
һǣԺֻʣһͷ
ܿ뿪ˣڴ֮Уŵȴþ޷ƽ


1956 Ŀߣ
ʿ
еһоȻֻصϣ
˵жʧЩ伮ΪôռҵǳҲضйء
ֻǸʿųǧͻ£ΪʲôҪô
˳õĳ˼
벻Ǹ߹
ڴʱһӺһȹӺ
¼ǸʿүүҦүӡռҡ٣ȫУܶ鶼֪֪ףҲܻ
ټ룬ͬҲˡ
ô죿
ٵ
µһθ߹ˣû˱顣
ĬƬ̣
ûõģ߹Ը˵ɽˮͤʱ˵ˡ
ңǿҲ߹ˡ
ٴ֮ȡһż
Ƿżüͷ͵һ¡
ݡ
û˿ףżС
ֻǿһۣжʱȥ
ҸոյϢ
ͬʱ͵Ӷߴ
õϢ߹ɽˮͤʧˣʥ߷̵ֻһ̫࣬ĿǰǻȫҸ߹䡣
߹ʧˣ֮ǰǳ꼻һ֣˺ҲûϢ
Ҳ߹࣬޴Ӳ
а취ĸ߹һȥġ
˼
ȥǰṩһҪϢʮǰµ죬߹һġ
ٻм̫
ٹеĵ伮ԽԽã߹ӦǶǰ
ֻϧڹҪһô׵¡
нպ˵ע⣬Ҹ߹֣òô鷳ֻܽж÷顣
ڲУ˶ֽмƬע⣬һ˷쳣µͻ㱨ȥҲȵʮű˷֡
˶ӣҪע⣬õķʽԽ迴伮Ϊɣ˳ȥ

еʷռҵĲͬռҵļ¼໹ǾռҶӣ˭޷鿴
еĵ伮ȻһԲģվǿԲĵģֻҪһһǼǰˡ
Ը߹ݣȥĲ鿴еĵ伮
ֻҪҵЩ߹ˣȻҲ֪Щ伮ˡ
尵
в𣬶ʹķʽ޷٣ֻ´м˻ɣԣ¸߹ҪЩ伮ҲףѡҲǳޡ
߹Ȼ£㲻̫İѱֻǰһ裬ֻҪѰңҵ

֮
ֻټˣһլǰ
ܸ
̧ͷǰǿЩң֡
ǰһǳϾɵլӣƾɣǴĹģܿ귱ӡ
ʦ֮У˿ڶ࣬˿ڵҲ쳣ƵвҲĺ̾޼֣Щ˼д䣬ñҴ뾩һЩҴǣۡԭľɸۡȻǵķۡ
ΪԭЩӿþˣķǰܸһ
ʦĸۡкܶ࣬󲿷ֻһտӣʵǳª
ޣȥͷඡ
˴ۡʱͻȻ֮䣬ƿһ˾СӣһֽС糵ıĳţһֻлżͭ壬·ˣܿʧˡ
һȺɫ죬Ŀ׷СԶȥ
Ƚȥţٸ
ͻȻڵ
ˣҺһ𣬾㡣
Ԥϣں󷽣վһ΢Цžܾˡ
ã
ܿ췴Ӧʲôż˽ȥ
󷽣һֱĿʧ棬¶һ˿Цݡ
׷Ѿһڽӽĺģʥʣ߹ŹҦ࣬ռүӡЩ˶λȨأ۹߲㣬ȴΪͬһһ
Щ飬ԴԸ壬ҵҪĴ𰸣ʾ𰸵ʱֻҪһȥ͹ˡ
ֻҪԱĬĬţԸͺˡ
ŮԶҪ֪ʲôʱУʲôʱֹ

֮ۡвɹⲻ̫ãȻǰ죬ҲһƬ谵֮⣬լӵʪҲأĿڷĽһЩϡ̦
Ҳ˵ΪʲôԭΪʲôˡ
֪λ˴ݹ٣ȽЩ㣬ˡԶӭˣ
û߽ȥһϵǰ
ѭȥһ忴˵ˡ
һѾʮߣȻƾɶЩʪ֮ۡУȴʰĸɸɾͷϵĳҲһ˿
ֱͦһͨûеȣĻ롣
Ӵۿʱȴ͵һ¡
ۿУԭ۾Ӧڵλãȴǿն޴Ŀľ
ǸĿߣʲô
ֻһ˲ͻع
忴һϵĺɫ£жӹһͷ
ĿϵĵէһۣԵһЩĽߡ
·ֻй˲ܴġ
ô֪ǹģ
ͻȻͣ˽Ųڵ
߸˵ĸоǳأȺһȫͬѾԼϢԷҲ˫ĿԼȴܲµ֡
ǺǣϹȴϹͨ·һûʲôϢǰҲڹеֻЩλܸߵĴˣźʹ˽ŲЩƣǴ˵ȴκһ˶Ҫߡ
Ŀ߿ڵһƽ˵ţһֿ͸һеĸо
壬Ϊʮǰһ
ûݣֱӿڵ
𣿣
֣Ŀ¶һ˿𾪵ɫȻѯʣƺѾ϶ݣ
벻̸ϵȻݹ٣ִﺮᣬ౶ң԰
˼ǰڹȵµ
忪ڵ
ǣûʲôֻͣڹиЩ߽߱ǽǣôҪҲûʲô˹עĻ
Ŀ΢΢һЦȻϵ
Ƶ۹о࣬ٹ٣ÿ̸Լ伮ˣɲʲôҪˣҲʲô˶ģ

ֲ˸ʿߵһЩˣҲû뵽Ƶ۹߻ܣʥʵǻǰʮܵˣȻǰò˵Ŀߡ
ʿûЩ伮Ҳû˽Էգһֹķʽһҹ˵ҹЩеĵ伮˴ȵµһķʽǳ׵ķմ
еЩͻЩ֮Уͬķʽˡ
вֻܳҪһ̣Ѳע⣬ǴȵµͬﱾǷ۵ĵطٴ̻ҲעĿ


1957 ࣨһ
ʿķʽûκע£ٻ伮
Ŀ߳Ĭòſڵ
ôã벻˻ǵݡ
Ͼͺã
˵ţǰڵ
һ飬ʮǰ꣬¶ʮգʱ̣˵ȵµԲԣ

⡭˫ĿϹҲѸߣʮǰˣǵôҴȵµ湬зԼᣬÿնͶʲôֵģүȻҵЩӦòúǡ
Ŀߵ
ҡҡͷ
ȵµȷʵÿ춼˹ԲǸʱ̣ңǸ˷ǳر𣬲۵Ĺ࣬һӦӡǳŶԣ
仰Ŀ߶ʱĬˡ
֪˵ʲô
Ŀ߳ĬΣܿϵ
еĹأȵµˣ󲿷ֶȱҹвˣе̫ൽһﶼ͸ǻصԼļ磬Ψȵµˣлһֱϣ꣡
ҲȵµеˣȫڹУһ糣ΨʮǰûκεףͻȻ뿪˹У˵𣿡
Ŀڣڵ
ȵµ˲ͬ󲿷˶ȱҪ˫ĿʧȵµÿյۣصĶ۹ش飬̺ܣֻн˫Ŀʧ˷գܱ֤ܲй¶
Ϊ˫Ŀʧȵµˣû뿪ʹĹŮ̫ǽȻͬġ
ڴȵµˣ󲿷ҲԸڹУ꣬Ϊˣǰʮǰ빬Եرɡ
ңǸ˴ĵ伮

߹ʧˣүүƺ֪ʲôȴԭԸ˵ҦƺЩ²⣬ͬԸֱԡ
ƣǰ߲Ըڣ¾ûܹ֪ЩʧĹе伮ϵ׼ʲôҲûܹ֪úͻʹˡ
ʵǲ֪ү˵ʲô൱Ը뿪ȵµģеһжͨĴҲ֪ʵ¡
ү𡭡಻֪ʲôеĻմȵµĹأȻҲӦյĸɸɾʮȥҶѾˡүҪʲô¶Ҫʧˣ
һƽ
ԣʱüͷᣬƺ⣬ϵס
ıܸоһ֪ʲô࣬Ļòżææ뿪С
һƬž建ı۾һ
㵥ĺģҲΪһ˽Ϊ͢һЩ⣬漰Ĳֻһˣգ
ĬƬ̣һ㽫еԵĿ˵һ飺
ϸеһж鹦ʮǰƥʧĵ伮ϣ
ڹлֻ޽̫ƽ¥ͣ˹Ůѡ飬֮ȥҿ½ӡֻʱͿ²ֻѡˣҵеİնǣС
ˣ
ĻĿ߻һ¶һ˿𶯵ɫ
˫ĿϹһֱƾɵĸ֮ۡУ㲻Ҳ̫˽⡣˵Щ飬֮ǰ֪顣
ͬСɣϣ֪飬ܹң

ѾŬˣԷǲԸ˵Ҳûκεİ취
ʱ仺ȥĿʼһԲʧ׼תȥʱͻȻ֮䣬Ŀ߿ˡ
ȻϾ⴦ƾɵլٳţȴҲٶǺӾһЩϢ֮ս˹֮ս֮սв֮ǰĻʹҡ⺢ףܶ鶼˵廹ܹ˵ʲôҴѾܾûгүĳʵ֮
Ŀ̾ϢһͻȻ˵һЩ޹ؽҪ顣
ٶ֣˸ղž糵ȥǸС
̸Ĺ޷ţûʲô˿˰ɡ
Ŀߡķ򣬿ڵ
Ҳɫ΢㵣û뵽Ŀ߶Լôߵۡ
үӦÿɣ
ĿͻȻڵ

Դϲ

Ŀ߳̾һͷֳӵɫ
ʮˣ뿪һ֪Щҵģʱȥת۾ǼʮأѸߣҲнľͣұΪѾȲˣû뵽ȴʱү
һɲǣޱȣȻоɣûбȻİգֻǱһϣû뵽ϣеĶ
ܶ˶ΪϹ˫ĿʧʲôԺܶϹǰܻ䣬Ǹ֪ϹϹȴõúܡ
Ŀͷ¶ɫһʮǰ£Ͼɵչ
ʮǰһڴȵµֵֵ̫һƽӦǹŹͼλӣ죬һֱʱŹûг֡
˻ΪŹǱʲô鵢ˣоЩԾݲ£ϸʱһУǺܷġ
ֻȱʲôԾоһ㲻ԾҲʲôˡ
ұΪӦղˣû뵽ǸʱͻȻһŲ
Ŀ߶˶٣һ׷˼ɫƺֻص˼ʮǰǸ䣬Ųҹ
ʱǸ̨̤׶͸үһĽŲᣬèһèҪᡣ
ڹеô꣬Ȼ˫ĿʧʲôҲǶȴΪʧԭ֮ͨ˻Ҫܶࡣ
·Ů·Ȼݵ··̫ǵĦҶص˺Զܹϳ
Ǹ˻ûп֪ĵλܸߺܸߣǹ̫ͨ¹ļλܹ̫඼ûλߡ
ֹˣǸ˿֮ǰźԶҾľĦȻŹҲܳȴûôء
Ŀ߻
û˵ֻϸţ֪һصʷҪҿˡ
¸߹Ҳû뵽ǰλڴȵµʲô书ĿȻûпǣʱϷһУָƣԶĻҪ֪ööࡣ
Ǹ˵ʲô
ڿڵ
Ǹ˳֮ңŹˣеͣڴȵµȫջ٣


1958 ࣨ
еһУһֵֺĸоЩڹūŵĸûȨܾҪҺܿ˻Ȼ˱㽫ݸҡ˵յǹһĵ伮
ǴȵµǲģֻҪ͹ģͨͨգֹҲһЩһЩĵ伮
ŹڵʱǰҲһ͹һЩ伮Ĺе伮ֽȴƽʱȻͬᡢϸȴµĴУൽڶܼǵá
Ҫǣӹʱ˷Щƾɵ伮ķƤԵһƽ˿ǹĵ伮ŻõģЩ伮£˾һӶܽӴʱҾͶ϶ЩĶʮҪϣͲʲôƾɵĵ伮Ǹʱ˸ۣ֪ԲѰ
أ
ŵ
Щˣǿʲôòˡ
ȻоǸ޷ֹΪλ˾ڱ϶ţЩĵ伮һһϵĶ̿գȻٶȣ⽫ǵһȻյһЩЩ޷ֹġ
˰ʱеĵ伮˻Уۿе鼮մλ˲ĵ˵ͷұΪ󣬵û뵽ͻȻһԶƺʲôҪȥλ˳һ£յĲַ࣬Ըҽеĵ伮ȫոɾתȥ
ŲԶлɿĴ̿һ
Ŀ˵ͻȻվſһš
Ŀ߽ҿţ¶һ񣬰ͻȻ¶һյİ뽹
Ȿýɫ˿һͲͨĵ伮ҳĿ˵ֻֽǿϧⱾа϶սˡ
ʣ
͸Ƥϲȱ壬ɱϳƤϵһ
һ֣𶯲ѣڹֻкͻصļ¼͵伮ŻᱻʹۣǲʮǰʧЩʷϡ
𺳵ʮȥ߾һֱػⱾеĵ伮
࿴Ҳ֪ʲô֪еĶжĹϵ֪һѰϣֻû뵽˾Ȼµ
˵̧ͬʱа뽹ĵ伮˹ȥ
ʹѾˣһоͽˣ
һƬžнӹǱ壬Ժд˷
ڵ֣һ·ôľҵЩʧĹ壬һǣֲʵĸо
Ŀ£һ
еһн壬µģʲô޹ˡ
ܰоİ뽹壬ָֽʸУҲ΢΢Щţ߹ġܡҦһֱʾνࡱһ̾С
֪浽׼ʲô
а
һ̣û˿ԥһڵӿͬˮ㣬ֳһ˿˿һƣ͸Ȿÿһҳ֮С
ʱԶֽʷƣܶսĵطʵظǷǳĴ죬һСľͻȫŪ飬ַֻʽܵıڲĹж˺
ৣ
һ죬ڴ壬һγʮǰʷ֮ǰ򿪡
һʮ꣬ҸȪŭٽ𡭡
򿪹壬ֻǿһۣʱɫ
ʥеǻǰ䡣
ô᣿
֣𶯣ĲšʥʵӢ䣬ۣ½֪䣬˵ʥ̫ϻʳ谮巭ĵһУصȴʥʵǻǰܷ顣
һ㣬޴˵
ֹˣⱾϼصǡϴŭײŭʲôܹǵ̫ϻʴŭƷʱʥʣ
ţ¿ȥ
棬ǺܿǴսĺۼÿһдԼֻֿԱʶҿݺҲ޹ϵ
徲¿ȥڣҳֿ˹ڡļء
¹ϼָԻФԼ̴ͳ
һƬսĺۼ
䣡
һֻ֣Դ·ʲôըˡ

ǲʥʵĸ
𶯵ģǺһ֣ФԼ̴ͳ
ңû˱ζʲôˡڻңڳҰһ˵ĳĳФԼ̴ͳǾζѾװ˼̳лλʸ
ô£⵽ô£
һɲǣԺд˷ȫסˡ
ӵļ䣬ȷһεڳ͢䣬ʷ
ʥǣӢ䣬Сʾ˵ʣ̫ܵϻʵء˶֪ģ̫ͬӶһĳ֪ĳʶ
ΪС¶˵ʣʥʲкĳɾͣȻܵİΪƿһǰδеʢΪ𾴵ǧһۡ
ǰⱾ¼ʷȫ֪ȫͬ
ʥͱ̫ϻʰ˼̳ʸΪʲôȴӲУ޻̫ϻȻĹҵʥʣҲ¹ϵʥʵǻǰʲô̫ϻʳΪФֱ˵Ҫļ̳ʸ񣿡
ײڣرǻ֮һδʴδ֮ǰױ̬ȣɡʥʱˣ
ɫأǱսĹ壬˳˼
Ȿм¼ʷȴȫһ磡
⵽ʲô£
а
ΪõЩ壬֪࣬û뵽ļأ巴Խء
巭һҳ¿ȥ
սĲַǳ֮࣬ܶطֻƾֻƬ޷ж仰˼⣬Ҳ֣ⱾȻʥйأȴʥΪ壬Ǵ󲿷ּ̫ϻʣӣԼ飬ͬʱһЩҪĻǡ
һ·¿ȥ͡ļ¼ԽԽ࣬Ҵ󲿷ֶ͵Ұ֪Զ
һʮ꣬ڻԣڻ֮⣡
ģȪ޶ۣã
һʮ꣬У֮߳
ΪˣϷ»ţ
˸£֣̫ϲ
ʮ꣬ΪڼԻۡ

һһ֣ϵԾԽԽľ֣ҵƤ˽˿ʷġʡ֣ѾʵûκʵʷΪصǸˣͲǵʥʣ


1959 Ϊ֪Ĺ
⡭𡭡߳𡭡
ϻҹϼصݣȫһܳͽĻӢ䣬ʢǧһȫȥԶңصġΪˡô£
ʥʵǻǰ¹ʲôΪ˵£ʲôΪ˵£
ʥʵƷԣ
ʯ䣬ԺһһͷôһɲǣվһƬ㱡
Ȿϼص飬ζϵʥϡ
ܵģܵġ˲
͵ҡҡͷԺеͷȫĨȥʼ޷ţǸ˾ԼӡɱӢʥʣʯүүҦ磺
Եģ϶⣬һˡФΪˡĻڳҰԲģүүԼҰҲӵǳ֮У߾ȫλ
үүῴˣ
ҦͳҰڳҲῴˣ
ʵϣӺ鿴үүҦǵжȫûдΪǳɹѡʥʣ˽ʷǰǿʢƣ
ףƾһջٴĹʷ壬ԼֻƬצݣ޷жϾݡ
ңΪֹ嶼֪ʲôΪ˵飬̫ϻʳΪФĸΪ
·ȥܿ죬巭ûʲôˡ
վþõĲ˵
һ鷭ˣȴûнеɻ
үõԼҪĶ𣿡
ۡУҳֹͣĿͻȻڵ
ҡҡͷ
ûУƾⱾ飬Ҹʲô屣𣿡
һ˿ϣ̽ŵ
ûˣΨһһ
ȻʧǣĿҡҡͷˣ
Ȼûĵ壬һЩĶܹ㡣
һ䣬ĿͻȻվĿУͻȻȥ
үɣ
ԽľȣȴûзԣǸĿߺȥ
ĿȻѾϤܿҲѾ·丮ۡ棬һķǰĿͣӻȡһƬصԿףһͭƿ˷š
յģʲôҲûУڷĽ䣬忴һھ޴յýڣкܳͷˣ滹һӡ
һۣ岢û⣬ǿϣһ̽ͼ͵һ¡
̻裡
ǹרֵۣ伮Լרû衣
Ҳû뵽Ŀ߾Ȼû˳
ȵµڣÿ˶裬Էʱ̫̫࣬޷ڶʱڷոɾ
Ŀߵ
ȵµеƣݡغǧϢϢصۣĿǳӴʱֺԮѩʦӾ͸ˡ
Ǵȵµйأ⣬ӱ뵱ꡣʱ򣬾Ҫûˡ
ڴȵµʮ꣬ߵʱʲôûֻҪ̻衣̫ϣǸϹӣҲûϸȥ飬Ҳܳ״
Ŀ߶˶٣̻ܣ
λ뿪֮ȳǱµľǸס𡣡
ǴȵµרУרΪ̻趨ƣܲ͸磬֮һϢ֮ڣлȫϨ빬֮󣬾ͽǿڻŵʮŽգٶǺҲܿ
˫ϹҲڻ˶ٶֻžһ°ˡδѰЩ伮ҲѰֻƬģҪүԼȥˡ
վǿ̻裬ɫ任Ŀ߻ֶû뵽ġ
嶼֪Ŀôʲô
ܿ죬عĿѸٱüᶨΣҪ鵽ʷࡣ
лǰ
˵仰ܿ˹ȥ
ϣ
һѽҿǣڣһպĵ伮Ծ
Ǹϵɲǣʱ̣ڵһжڻյһ̡
ûж˵ǣһֻᴥ̻ϣһͬˮкѸ͸ڲջĵ伮һ㣬һҳҳ״̬

һ̣һŽڡҳֽѾȫּ̼޷ʶ
Ŀ£ջֽŲϷһţţš
ʱ仺ȥջֽԽԽ٣ûҵκοɹõϢ
Ŀߵ߹ǰ뿪һֱĹջߣ£̫
ৣ
һŽֽڿշ𣬵һ̣ڵĶƤһ˶ıɫ
ֽ̿űȡ̻ڳһЩһĶ
һŻûջֻֽĴ೤ȻֻкСһ飬ȴĿǰΪֹջ
һֽƬ䵽ϡ
꣬ҹйŮ˽֮·ŭ
֣Ȼһ¡
ʱȱһΣ޷ʶǸ֮ǰĵ伮ָӦ̫ϻʮ꣬Ҳǲ伮֮ǰ¡
߹ʷϵ伮ոնյģʱҲģΪ˵̻ڷյĵ伮Ӧڴ֮ǰģ룬Ҳ
ϵ˼صģ̫ϻʮ굢֣˽ԳŮ
δǻǰʥʣһɲвǱܵ뵽ʥѡ飬ߵķһޣҲͻȻףΪʲô̫ϻʶԼλФˡ
ʵôʥʵľٶȫԽ͡
ǣʥʮɣѡһ£Ҳֻŷ飬һνͣ
ĸʥʣ
¿ȥֽϻһ֣ǰԲ飬޷
һ̣û˿ԥѸٽջҳȡ
Ŀϵǣһ̷ҪãҳųɶջȻЩδջֽƬ
ڣδȫջֽƬԾ
ں԰ʹΪϷˣ֮ʮһգ໥ŹΪңˣ·
ʮգҵļʤϴŭ
ʮ꣬ԺӼӣݣƷС٣ŭŹϴŭ
£ϵޣϼãԷǿҪ֮ޣ޶·
ʮ꣬µŹŮŰ˽̹ˡ̫࣬¶


1960 ʥ֮أ
ʮ£ȸ֣òɱ۷ӣŭ֪֮ϴŭ
ʮ꣬һ£ˮ֣Ǯ̰īʷ顭ǣ棬˽ӡǮȻŭ˸飡

һһüֻôĿľ
ʹΪ໥ŹӶġŭŹӼ࡭͵ޡ˽̹ˡɱ۷ӡ˽ӡǮһ׮׮һľѡ
ʥ𣿡
һƬãȻ
۴һ濴صĶһԴ󡢺ɫꡢΪĻӣζմ˱ߵġ
͢ʷļ¼١͢ʷȻռңҲǧҹ͢ʷֱӣҲȨ棬޷棬־Ծʵԡ
ǡ׷ʲô
һĿǣǿŹӼĲФӣ˶ʰ߰ߣͻȻЩףʿΪʲôҪջЩʥˡ
ǣм䵽׷ʲô
Ϊʲô̫ϻָܼ̳дͳġͻȻ˴ʥʣ
˵ԸȻ෴ôͬһˣ
һɲǣֻԺһƬҡ
ͷڤڤУǰͻȻָʥʸԼǿ˫壬ǿ岻ͣתĺڰ㣬Ҳƺת
һɲǣһ뷨ͻȻԺУȴֺܿ챻ȫ
㶫һؼϢ
ͷ
һƴͼԼ࣬ȴʼȱʧģؼһ飬ڸ޷Ϣƴͼ
¡ڡȥ
ৣһɲǼ䣬бյĵ伮ȫ˳
һŷɳֽʱͫһıɫ
ֽֽȻͬصĲİ߰ӼһڹпС¡
£󲡣дղˣպѣԸ䣬ǲɢŮڼ
䣡
̶һ֣Ȼ𶯣һƬ
󲡡ա䡭
ЩİǰԽҲխխĹ͢ʷϼص֣һ޶
ôܣ
ڤڤУ·һԾԺ͵˫ۣխխֽƬѡ
һ˿ʳһϦ֮䣬ıԸ
Ҫǣصݺʵ̫̫ˡ
ʮ֮ǰʥǲФʮ֮Ӣ䣬Ϊ¾ʥ
ʮ֮ǰԼͬǾ˾֪ӵܣ޹ѧʮ̶ֻ֮꣬ԼͳΪ±Ԫ˧η岻ѡ
ûԼʥ֮켣Ȼƣһģһ
ͬһˣѵ˵ʥԼһ
ûȥ̫ͻȻ̫ˡ
֮ǰԺиֹ뷨Ҳܿ챻ˣΪһʵ̫ˣ
ѵһ磬ĿԳ
𺧵ǣһԼ߹үүҦ࣬ռүǣְʲôɫ
Ƿ֪ࣿһǼ
Ҧүֲ뵽ʲô
ֻߣǸûвµǵĴһ£ʥǶβʵĹȥάʥ
һжԼôʥڵı仯˵ʲôѵ˵֡
һƬžģþõվһ
岻֪Լô߳丮ۡģһֱٵˣԺлججһƬҡ
ҵ𣿡
ٹĵڶԸоڵľ״̬ܲȶЩġ
ţ
˵ͷ
ԺЩ뷨ҪһЩ֤ʱ죬ٸ㡣
ûжʣֻƽĵ˵ͷһ˺ܿ뿪ˡ

ʱ仺ȥﶪʧص䣬Щص࣬Լϲ˵ܣȫĵף
Щ˵Ҳûȥ˵ֻѾ֮ǰǰãˡ
ʱǰƽʥ¼ʱ򡪡
Ӿʦһ·ԭᴩͻʲԭݹᱱǧ˵شԽӶټִ½ļش
ԶһƬߣǷͻԼһЩɢֲҰˣҲԸִôңԶĵط
壡
ͻȻһֻƬ̣ƶĴϣٱۣϿ
ϸȥ϶غףԱߵ϶䱸ʽì󣬲ͻ˵Ǵ
֮أ̽Ϣľ
ӵѾȥʮˣһСټһ·оգڴͻʴԭִƬ˵ش
ֹƽ̹ĵشѾΣˣһЩսʿҹûȺߡһЩ֪Ϲľܣ£ܴϵ˱˴ˣоգִ
䣡
Ƭ֧֮ϣǰˣһƥսϣһĿ࣬ᣬǳĺӣĿѩżķ򣬹һں
Ӽǰʼܵľ¾ͱò̫һϡĿݲݲ˪һ㵭İɫԽԽأϵ˪ѩҲԽԽء
һ󺮷紵ۿһſϸܵѩѡ
׼һ£Ƥóǰһǧʹֹˡ̽鱨رү
ϵ죬Ŀݣһɫ
ִĶǾһӵкǿĵֺһ·ź˸оļ٣ԽԽ֧ˡ
ݣ
һ£˶˵׷ó׼õƤѸϣϳһĶ飬űȥ

֪ХĮĮķѩϯ
ڻһƬƽľҲïʢޱȣţڲԭӲݣȴǷѩХ
ǺХĺϣͬһ㣬սҲܵӰ졣˲òֳս纮
쿴ǰƬɭ֣
ͻȻ֪˭ָǰ
һʱ䣬˾񣬷׷ǰȥȻʮĵƽߴһƬߴİɫɭְεض𣬿ǳĿ
ɭ֣͵ʱܷѩҲʱ
ߣ
һӿٶȣѸ򱱣ܿƬɫɭС
Ƭ˼ļ֮أһſľߴ׳˶ǧÿһʮ׸ߣһЩľﵽ˽׸ߵĺ˵ز
ߴľѾƵľˡ
˽Ƭԭʼļɭ֣ȻѩС˲١
Ϊ֮еľӢĬѩСһ׼ӪկʱϢһȺ𾯽ķ


1961 ֮ص̽飡
Сģ
ͻȻ֮䣬һΧ𾯽ͻȻ֮䷢ʲôһͷȳ˸߳һͷһǧѩ׾ܣͷһʱҪ˳˵ļơ
ܣ
ѩ׾Ѳİ֮ǰʱЩʳȻӴһȥʯܹ飬þѵսֱܰһƣҲֱ­飬ض
ڴ֮ǰ˵Ҳ⣬һ·ģͲ۷״ֱ̬֮رǱܵһСģ׳
Сģŭ
һϣٶȸɵ
жƵóƣ׼ǰһŵֵ

Ϊ׵ӳо飬Ѹٷһϵеܿ죬ʮųͣĳͷܰΧȥ
˶ţŻ˼㡣
սޱȡ
ʮɣɣɡ
ԣӳͷе⣡
ܿ죬еĳо˲ԣҲо˲ԾǰôãͷӴıܾȻһֱ֮ǰƣɫ׺ᣬȴһ
ƶôԶͷȻ۽ëûգһ£һͷӦеٰ֮ǰĽӴ
ۣ
ܿ죬һбɲ䵽ͷܵϣһԭƣʱ򣬴ĲѪһĴ졣
ܿ죬˶е˱ܵߣһһִܱޱȣϵëҲӲͬһ㡣
ˣ
һڵľѣ
ͷѾ˱񣡡
һ䣬ƣһģ꣬һ죬ͷ˻ߵıһ벱ֱûˡϵƤëͬѪȫϸıȱĲ¶ҲѪ⣬ǴѪɫ顱
ϵѪҺѪܣĹȫ˱顣
һɲǼ䣬˿ǰһĻһ˵
ӵкƤëƺ֬ԼϺĵԶ֮ϣȺܶ߶ҪǿĶࡣ
ͷ޴ıʣڼʵǺʲô£ữɱ
ӳж쿴
û˼һ̣ǰ㴫һ󾪺
ӳĿһƺ⣬ܿǰȥ
ӳ쿴쿴öඳҰǣ
ǰһž޴ɼԣһָǰ
˷ȥֻʮͷѩԭǳһ޴ĻΣɢɭֵĸطһ̬죬׻幭𣬻һţȫһǰơ
ž
һһƣһͷѩӦأˤء
صıɲǼ䣬ëȻĸоʲôôѩǰһȫ
ҶСĵ㣬طЩ
ӳɫ裬ͻȻȵ
һ·ǰ˿ԽԽ౻Ķһֻڲݴѩã۾Ѿɫһ˺ϱİ£һͷ÷¹͵ıѩΪһ塣
⯣⬡һ·룬ԽԽ౻ĶеĶ￴һ˲ͱˡ
ӳ쿴иӣ
֮˺ܿµķ֣һªСľݣɷԲľݶɼԲľɣķǳֲڡ
СģҰˣ
һ
һ·֪Ƭ֮ػһЩߴԲȺӵҰˡ
ЩëѪϵƤһЩ򵥵Ĳ£ӵĵطΪҰ޲ͬʱȡҲ࣬һĻ󲿷ߴױսͻҲԸǡ
ͻȻΪҰˣ˵ëѪũĻһ𣬵Ƕͻ˵Щεڼ֮صġҰˡҰˡ
õģѾˣ
ӳͻȻ˶𣬻û˷Ӧƿľţֱ˽ȥ
Ұ˲ɵӣôѩǰ֨ǻţͳˣͲô
ܶˣΪ𣿡
ӳ洫
ʱʲôҲ˽ȥ
ȻľѾȫ˱ѣһľԣ˿ѱɱһڡ
ϴżª£ϷŸƵ⣬һЩªĹߣ˰˺ļһɫ죬һʱ
ϵܶ࣬ʳҲкܶǲɼҰкܶ⣬Ǹȱʳⲻ
һоĳ򿪿ڵ
ִүÿ˶ǧѡľӢǰһĻĻȴԽԽ졣
ΣյʱǻӦӦģԭһᱣֳԷǰĶɭЩԵȺҲȫ˲еһжһ㣬һּȲĸо
ʬɽѪгˣ˶־ᶨ֮㵶üͷ˶գһ۾ǰһĻѾȫ޷óȥˡ
ľгÿ˶Ĭÿ˶쳣ѹ֡
ԡүϵһĻ̽ʵԭ𣿣
һƼžͻȻڵ
ֱһƬĽľҰˣȫһֹķʽһΣ˼˵һˣ߼ˣŵĶˡ
꣡
˵ʱͻȻ֮䣬һĴӶߴŤͷȥÿһý׵ľڶ´Ƭķѩִɷ·ʧȥƽһ㣬صĵ
䣬ѩ죬ɭƬľܼѹҲ׷׸ŵ¡
һ̣һ޴ĺ죬ǿŽ׵ľھҵײ£ͻȻϳأмգȻһӨı

һɲǣʱ䶼·ֹˣ˷׷׿һĻǿô£ıһޱȡ
ֻע⵽ɭĶҰˣ˱񣬷Ӱźı飬ͬؽһ㣬˭Ҳû뵽ɭôľȻͬɱ
һı硣
¡¡
˻ֵʱͻȻ֮䣬ܵĵҵĲһЩмߡܿ죬ӳŭ㴫˵ĶУ
ߣߣȫ뿪
ͬ͸һ˿ʹߴٵζ
䣡֪ܲô£˻Ǳܵѡѭӳ˼˷׷׼ٷӣ˨ĵطӶȥ
ôƬ̵ʱ䣬ĺԽԽңͬһ㣬ͬʱصҲԽԽңƬľײصӺ󷽴
ټ䣬һǿҵĺģȻͷһۣһۣǼ䣬·һͫҲһɫˡ


1962 ֮䣡
ѩ
ʯ䣬Ϊȵľ֣Ťˡ
״ؼһƬѩǵأͬһž޿һɶ
յıѩǰÿ˲ʲôΪȫͬϰС
꣬һĴ಻ıѩ֮ؼ¼½еľҰݣȫԾ˵ٶȸһȻѾ˺ģůƤëӣ棬ҲƤ£һ̣Щ·𲻴һ㣬ṩ㱣ůá
˷·屼ѩһ
ֲϺͬһܼĺһ㣬ͷƤ飬һâڱһɲǣÿ˶һָоֻҪһıѩ׷ϣ·һ
ӣеף
ʯ䣬ӳ˻ǿҵΣУҲŤıˡ
һ˺ϵؼױ㱻˺£ݺݵ׷ɳȥҲϵؼס
ʱ̣һָأٶȾͻһ֡
ʱʱֻҪһ㣬·һ
ҲͻȻ֮ףΪʲôͷ޴ıźƤëΪʲôͻȻˣʮͷѩǣΪʲôڻᲶǰһ̣ͻȻ˲伯һǰҰˡ
ǿֲĿẮٵĽ£ܵĻᶼûС
ϣ
ս˻˷һƴȫǰܶȥ¡¡ڶƷ·һ㣬ԳΪ˵جΡ
ߣ
ߣ
˻ߣǰܡ

ֻһ󾪽Уܲıѩ׷ϣֻüҽһ˴ѸٶΪƬԭʼɭеһ񡣶ǰĶҲѪȴһͷҲûȥȡ
ÿ˶ıԵֻҪһԼȲˣ˵ˡ
ڴȻǰǼ䱰΢
Уһÿôֻһƹһ߼ܣѩ֮ľԽԽϢŨҵԸӡ
¡¡֪˶ãҲ֪ܳ˶ԶͻȻ֮䣬ǰȻʣǵأ׷ıѩҲͻȻСࡣ
оΣʧͣ˽ŲһϣȫڣĴ
һֻһҲѡ
ϣһ쳤˻˷׷ײͷֻѩƬɭʧˣǧĵ棬ѩѹͬһ޴ѩӿڵϣ˲֪ٱ
ӳô죿
һͻȻڵݡ
ȥʱʮˣǴʱ˿̣վģ߰˶ѣԶƬѩ֮أΪ˱˿ʼû뵽ġ
رүɣ
ӳɳ˲٣
ոյҲѾˡıԵš仯Χȴ᲻ϵܺѩǣľᱻһ룬ּ£չƻʲôû˿Ի
ΧһƬĬ漴ҲʲôɫӲѡ
ʣүѾԤ֪һĻǳԭ
ֵΪǴȥģǲװ׵һ죬ǻǵǵģ
ӳһ˿˵ɫܿͷһȺ˶ƬԭʼɭһȻѸٵĵתϷȥ
һȡֽʣϸһС
һȺ˺ܿʧˡ

ʱ仺ȥɳıڱȡýչʱ򣬶ݵؽ磬ͬ˽չ
ҹ밲ʮĵط
ȣ
ҹﴫһеΧһƬžǺܿ죬ĳźһΧһֻʱ䣬ʮƥսۼһ
ЩһݵķΣһЩ˰ס
ô
ҹﴫһ˵˵ϢԸ߳һأȻȺ˵䡣
ɽǰû˵ˣ벻˾Ȼ˿£Ȼȫܿ˰󶼻ث
ҹɫУһ
֧ţȫԼ֣ϣȴȻ԰󶼻ثΪף
һŵ
ǬӣãǬ棬ԿޣټһСЩͨͨڰثҲǴƵӢۣƽ˹أ߾Ͷͻʣ벻ȫڹ
үжǶԵģɽϻ̫Ϸˣÿڰ󶼻ǰװɵգ˶ĿʵѿݣôȥݳҪ£
һҲŵ
Χ˶˵ͷҲǹͬĸо
ڸƽرǸոմʤʳʿʢʱ˭Ҳû뵽ڶݣث󶼻£Ȼݷµն֮ͽ
տʼʱ˷ݣȻϴҶӦˣЩΪȻү̫߿ʲôɽˣڣѾûôˡ
ѾȷˣŰ󶼻ô飬ԱġҸոյϢɺǱߵ̽ҲϢɺһֱͰֶţ˽£ȴǸɽƺŹᡣ
ǱѾǰͻˣǱҲйᣬô˾̫ˣ
⣬󶼻ǱҲܾûг棬еľ񶼽ɽ˵󶼻ԲڴҲʹѲĹϵѾֵȥ̽ˣͿĻرɽǷʹйˡ

һһ۷׷ס
ʣζ֮жԾ޴𺳺ͳ
ˣ
ʱͻȻˣ
һѾȷɣϰϢرǴˣȻͿֱӵݸүˣѾ޹ˡɽȻүȥԸ
ֱһ
ǣ
һɲǣΧ׷װ˷׷׹Ӧǡ
գ
ʱͻȻһ󼱴ٵԶգ֮䣬һӰҹɫ֮У˵ķ

һ۾һһϲĴеһ˵ţһ߳ԶǵӰ֣
ӣӣߣͲˣ
ܣ
ȻԤϣǵӰûԶԶı㷢һĴȣ
ݾˣ뿪
ޱȣ˻ţ·þȫ
ɫһ㵣Ȼû׹һ̡
飡
һ죬ҹɫ֮һ֧޴̻ͻȻӰķڿնڸ߿֮ըޱȡ
ৣ
һĻ˶ʱɫ䡣
ߣ
һ˲䣬жоһǿΣ˵תͷѸٳϷ򱼳۶ȥ


1963 ҹ׷
Ȼʲôûи֪ÿжоһǿҵΣУ̻Ѷţ⻹үģھռһֻ̻ų·Բʮﶼܿеıܹŷ
û˱ǸԷѾǣڳǰΧ
¡¡
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬غһޱȣײŵ棬ѸٴӺ׷
˧ҪŹǣ
ɱһͻƽ
ߴ˵ˣһͷȥ
أӣܲˣܷǲ
˧ѾȺʱˣ

ҹУһ
ܼ˶гزѣԷɢн׷ĹУɱͳһĲϣǾжľеġ
˲ǣԷ˵˧ѾȺʱȻζŶԷ׼
ֻжΪأүһЩ֮⣬³Ƕ֪Щ˾Ȼ˷
ȥүɽз⣡
Ϊ׵ͻȻڵ
˲ǵһִ񣬾ôţЩô췢ԼһȺˣֻ˵һ㣬ɽз⣬һֱھš
ݣ
˵ʱ˵ͻȻȡҲ룬㴫ķ򣬾һ˹ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲǲԼͬȡ
Сģ
ٶܣ
ͻȻú׷ݾЩ⣬û뵽ܵʱ򣬻ҺǾ
ϾǶǵشİЩ˷ӦҲ죬ȡ˻رܶͬʱŹ
SսҪ̫ԶǣɱһЩˣȻǻ׷ţ

ּѹµѾ飬һζֻ֪ܣԷض׷ţܲʹһзʽƴֻɱһ֣öԷй˼ɣпܳɹ롣
һ̣˻˯ʱûж֪һŵ׷սҹɫչ
еݾȫչʾ˸߳似Լǿһȫ׷һ乭ǰһЩĿܹҿ׷ĹУҲչֳ˼µϡ
׷ʱ˺ܿͷֳһ֧СֶӣǰоСܣ򵲡ġײ󷽵Ĳӣֵ
˶չֳ˼µѵϣû˿Ĳֻϧϵµľ񡪡
ݣ
βһƿҹɫдֻһǳȥģϣֻһս˻ҹɫеĳһ͸һƥսǰ㣬Ӧ˴ײɳȥҲ˲ʧȥƽ⡣
ͬʱһ۵һһ֧ǿ˲͸ܱĲӡ
߶ûһ㵹ڵϣϢޡ
һĻ˲ɫûǷӦݣһ֧һݾԼ⣬ҵײһ
ʲô
һĻԾ
Ȼ˲䣬ۣһ˲͸ԴǰԴ룬͸׹ϵȥ
һ
ⳡҵ׷սУϵݷľ׹£ڵϡ
ݾĹʮﲻϵSػܣ˱֮⣬ˡ
ⳡӲӲĽֹУµ＼һչֳ˸ǿʵݾĹܹȷӦһǰܣⲢǵıܣһҵսԼϸѵͶԿУġ
Կѵ
ھѵʽʹüٵľľжԿ˫ʹþװݣ˴˶Կѵ֮лһʽʣҲ˵ַʽһ˵ģҲַֻʽܹѵģɿһսĶ
ͨľҲͰˣľְ򲿶Уȫ˸ǿȵĶԿѵʱ廹Ͱ뵽Կ֮С
ΪϿѵĲӲӵȫ֮ϵǿʵ
ڼҵ׷УۿԽԽеݾҲз
ثųݽսõĴڣûãǴս
˶ͨث󶼻İ취ѵģ̶ȻԶ֮ϣҲǵһ䣬ϣٶȣӦԼȫ֮ϵĶ֡
쵰ߴ˵ûЩ˸ͨˣƾǸסǣȥľҪˣ
ϵ֣Բܣ
󷽣һݾĶӳ
ÿжһжУݶΪ
˶׷ɱ֣ûгɹ˲ˣ˵ֱǰδеܴ衣
ǣˣ
飡
գ֮䣬һ޴̻գ˷һɱУԽԽݾ뵽׷ɱ֮С
ֻһжˣڷ׷ɱ棬µЩӵмḻľ顣
ӱֿʼ˾һֱڹ滮·ߣĳѷųӥΧĶͬʱָ򣬶ǵڶ̻գ˸Ǽӿٶȣȫۡ
ݶĵ̣Ǳ취뿪ֻҪӳƬ򣬰ɽ޷κǣ
Ϊ׵
˶Ǿеľ϶֤ݵĶҪʱ򣬿ֱݣ˶֪һûκεôʲôɽŹˡ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬˵ʱͻ𣬺䣬ֻһ죬û˿ףһȭͷСĶ˸ŽͻȻС󣬴Ŵ̶ХȻԶݺݵ˹ȵ䷢ֵʱ򣬾Ѿֻߵľˡ
ã
ʯ䣬һǿҵΣոС
죡
̫ˣ
ʼʱûиоκϢ仰˵Էٻʮ⣬һգ۾Ѿǰܶ
룬ֻü˫۽棬ȫŨȫ۵˫֮С
һ̣䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬ҽһ۵˲ɢҲ߷ݰ㣬ǹɿֲôط𣬺ݺݵײڵϣҳ
ˣ
һĻʧɫˡ
µʶĳ˹ȥȻʲôѾҷɳȥˡ
һǣÿ˶о˼𺳡


1964 ҷӣ
ִսμĴڣǾ黹ʵԶˣÿһ˶ΪŷȻ˭Ҳû뵽ֻһѾˣܶ
һ˲䣬˷׷ŤͷŶ˹ȥ
գ
ҹɫУһ㴫أѰսֹ˵ĿУҹɫ֮Уܿ죬һƥѰ˸ҹɫл˹
ź˽Ȼͬؼףɢһ˵ѹҹɫпļ²ѡ
˲ǣϣȫо˵Ϣ
ǵģ
࣬µıֻǴʳˣͻˣֻҪ壬һֹͬϢǰȴȫͬ
ÿ˿ʱ򣬾ܱܵĽֿǲ壬ݣǹ𣬶ʵĲͬ
ҷӣҷӣ

ûʮµı֣׺ޱȣһֱ׷ɱ˵ݾһɫһͨͨѸɢȥͷ·èһ㡣
˺ǽôãǵһοЩ˿ֲɵӡ
գ
Ҳʱ򣬴𶯣صһһϵĴҹɫд
󷽣һһͬʽ׵·̴Ӻ
Щȫͬװ磬ͬߣͬϢ˫ҹɫзĺɫҲȫһģһ
ЩһԲֻһſ赲ǰ

Ҳʱ򣬰һ̶ХУöصģХתǴҲ䵽һУִһȦȦĲС
ǰЩĶ֣һɫأٴС
û֪ʲôǡҷӡܹһӳɣȻʲô֮ʵ֮ǿֱˡ
գ
һһҹɫдһﲻ֪ʱѾΧ߰ҷӡĮһﲻһ㣬˱ƽ
ɱ
ڣϢѹУµľŭХһŶ漸˿еġҷӡɱȥ
Ҫ
ͬһʱ䣬һ΢Ӻ󷽴ϣˣعǾ俴һĻ̧һӣѪҪֹѾˡ
䣡䣡
شǼµľŸոճ嵽һ룬㱻һöö޴ǴУ˴ʱܿƵײɳȥ
˵ĿУ˻飬Ѫɣ˴صײڵϣһ
µЩִй¼ںһȺսУҲܹ˿·磬ȫѹԷȻǿĴڣЩصҷǰһֽͬһ㣬ĺ޻֮
ҴսЩҷֻСţδȫµѾ˻ˡ
ӣ

ֻһ󱯺æ˷ɱȥһ鱯ޱȡ
һĻضޱȣϣȻһ֧ʵܹȫѹµıֱţƾһ㣬ЩҷӾ;ǼǿĿֲӡ
Ȼʱ˿ֻ̣Χݾ⣬ɫ糣˵ЩҷӡֵʱǰЩѾˡ
ηģЩġҷӡ
ЩҷӳֵʱһȺȫʶȥƺܵҪԶЩҷӡ
գ
Ⱥ֮УһݾʶǰǺֱܿԵĶӳ˻
ˣ
ЩһˣûҷӶ𣿡
ҷǲ֮ǰ˧齨һ֧еľЩһﲻֹֱࡣ
Ӫжѱ֮֮ǰ˵˧Ҫ齨ҷӣȴûԼкܶ˲
һЩ˺ԴҷӪأһݶܹҿˤʯץסᣬ͵ϮҷӣһҷҪбҲףǶ壬ҷʿҪһȴûжһ£壬ȴûѪҺһƻɱϮʿ
Ӫдܴ𶯡
ΪЩҷնɱһӪصʿΪǸͲࡣһһҲѪû
ʱˣ˷ЩҷӾȻóԶӪظû˸͹ʳ
ִ˵Ӫصо֧ҷηޱȡƽʱ򣬼գҷӪΧǧڣ˸ҿЩҷҲɽ
Ǽݾ˵ʱǰһҷųһţһĲʣʮµƽ׼׽ⳡս
ƴˣ
ۿЩ˵ĿֲҷӲϱƽΧ޴ӡʣµʮһ˫ͨ죬׼Щƴһ
ϣ
ۿʮҪ𣬾ʱһ˻·ʯһ㣬ագ֮䣬غһ󼱴ٵ
ݣ
˵ʱʱ죬ֻһ̶Х׼Ⱥеݾ
ۣЩݾ߶ûкһ㱻һУһᴩɺǰüĴ̳Щݾ۾۲ţֱͦͦڵϡ
СģǵԮ
˾Уʯ䣬ֻһ̶Ĺ⻷𶯣һɷ籩Ϣһھս˻УԲ˼ٶȳ
䣡
˻ûзӦͿһҽţҶ㣬һӰ׷˷
ôˣȻûһ˵ס
ס
ɱ
ΧʱһƬң
м䣬ֻһҷӷӦ͵ŤǼ̵Ǵ͵سǵӰķȥ
䣡
ǴƿնɲǼ䣬޴ϳһİɫˣһ̣һɸӭػаеǴ͵ؽǴײɡ
ƲԾ˵ٶȣѸײҷӣֲҷӺݺײɣڵء
˸ȫٳ룡
һۻıȣʮ㣬·ըðڵ˶ڲͣ
ˣ
ǵΰӰԼϱ־ԵİɫӧɲǼ䣬˾
˲Ǳˣָӣǹ
ߣǬҪϹˣʱ䲻࣬Ͻ뿪
ǳ޷˿裬δ䣬ըеĳǹһȦֱһҷӴȥ
ۣǿҷӸǹǵĶ֣ϵĿױһһ󶴡
ֻһͽҷԶԶ˦ɣڿлһ޴Ļߣ׹ʮĵط


1965 ɽļı
ͣ㣬ԥҷѹȥ
֮ǰǿֵǿҷӣʱȴԳļɵսˡȻǵʵ˺ܴѹ
ڹѹЩҷӵʱ򣬺¡¡ףʮμӹ¼ľһһȦİΧȦɨ䡣
֧飬ҲͰˣȻһӣͻɱӣǵݾֵܵġ
Сģ
ֻһҽУ̶ʱ䣬ʮݾ£ǹɿֲң޷ֵ
Ⱥݾ񱻻ͬʱϼ˵ᵽԭ·Զȥ
Ϻߣ
ǺʱҲɱ侲򶨡
䣡
û˿ԥ˲ȼյͬ˰ϯ˷ܵҷԼݾ񣬷׷ײɳȥ
һɲǵĻᣬѸǹһһݣѸʧԶ
ǰ󲻹Ƭ̣һȺ˱ƣЩХȥѸʧҹɫС
ֻƬ̣һƥīǿӺ󷽼۶
ˣ
ǵoӰһݣ׷׵ͷ
Ǭӣ
ӪأʵȨ
ˣȺ˻ûԶ׷ü
ĿϢĴǬӣһݾѸǰֵ
ˣ
ǬӿǰǵʧķĿһ˿˵ĺâ
ոյõϢе߻˧Ǽ̷أȱе⣡С˶Էĵɽ֮ƣ
Ǭ˵Ŀһ˿ɱ
ݵؽкüصľе⣬ͳͳ˧͵͵죬еĵطЩݶδҪԲʧ
ǬҲû뵽ԼԳ׷ɱЩ˵ʱ򣬺󷽵ľеȻŻʹݷͶ
ԷԶĻҪƻ
Ƕգȴԭʱ
ǬӺݺݵȻٰ㲻ʣʱҲòء
Ҳ˵ʱ׷ɣ֮ǰǻɵҷӣʱҲζ壬Ȼӵվ𣬰֮ǰҷڣһˡ

Χһ󾪺һݾɫ֣̿׷ʶȥ
ǴǬӰɫ糣
ǬֻǴһƣзһ󼱴١Եһ̣Щҷӷ·ûһ㣬ѸʧԶ
һ۹ǵʧķһȺݾ׷׷أʧӪصķ

󷽣սʮĸɽ£ɽҡҷӰվԵӭ
ôˣ
ɽ˫֣ͻȻڵ
龪һԷֲʹ֮ƣΪܹȫܣǵʧʮܹ֮⣬һá
ɽǬ湪
վǬλÿȥɽһȦȦɫʣʵʣһһ޴УΧת

ݵؽ佫ԸʱڰɽԣڰɽԴһ죬һ·ʳҪǿöࡣ
ڰɽһ̺ͬ𼫸ߡ
ߣһȺ֮񡣡
ɽһĿģ
У¶ˣ벻ǸһȻɳңҪǰ֣˶ס֪
˵ɽĬ࣬ҲԳܴļɵ
Ҫüٸ˶ɽܣɵģЩ˱Ǹ
ɽû뵽Դϴξʦ¼֮ǸһﾹȻٴԼðɽЩŭЩɵ
ھʦͻѾȥˣǰɽڶǵãһ֣㣬ƴĳ
԰ɽ˵⵽ڶţ˼ȥ˺ܾãûף⡣
һ㣬ɽȷɣǾԼǰδ
Ե޹ʵĳ޺Ե״Ӻζɽڶûס
ҪǣǼһѾǾ޴󶼻λڸصĴ󶼻֮ϣϴսö֮£һʥʵĳҡ
ôһλȨصļһﶢԼֻҪ룬ѾðɽʳѰˡ
ҶԷʱɳԼҲζţϴ͸ʳʵ۹﷢ıѾ巢ˣ
صǣǵĵؽ磬ѾǾӪˮйͨˣһμ֣Ҳûƾʵݣκβǣ
йӣʱͻȻڵ
ı֮ģֻҪûǾ˭Ҳץסѱң޴ڱս֮أǷЩе⣬Ҳжţ£ʲô⣬ÿƸˡ
˹еһз͸͸
޵ؽ磬µģث󶼻ˣ˵ıɡͬʱҲһ谭
˳󶼻ϲߣʱʱ޵ؽ磬˭ֵס޴ķֻҪʱ򣬳͢˷
е
һУѾŵ׵ˮйͨ˳Σһκβ
ȻеĻɽ࣬Ǿòˡüͷ壬ɱܵĸоЩ
֪ʦеǸ꣬ԲôöԸ

˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬һմɽϣ˷׷̧ͷֻи˼Ѹǰȥס˰µҹӥ
ֻǿһۣ¶һ˿Цݡ
ڿˣ
˵ţֱӽеż㽻˰ɽ
ã
ɽʶĽӹֻǿһۣʱΪܣ
ʥٴϳڸȨޣ޸ŮҲ壬㷢Σһκβң
׼õˣȫ׵ʹȥٸ׼һЩɡͻʡԼ߾ŮӣһΣΣǶһҪʥ⣡
ǣ
áǬ桢е˷׷׹׷Ӧǡ
̧ͷ϶¶һ˿΢Цݡ
ʦϢһֱڹע¼̫ӱ⡢̫ƽ¥¼ѡ¼¼߹Ϣ˶֪
ִʮ꣬Ӣ䣬ʥþ˾;ʥʾȻ䣬ֺŮɫҳҲǶרУǰӢ֮û뵽ġ
˵ӻӹǡǡ붼û£
õĻᣡ
벻ıЩһˣ˵ˣ壬ʥʳ£ҿô죬˼Ը𣿹
Хɽվ±Եбŷ޾Ĺâ
ʥʶ䣬֮ɽ¡
ӴԺûֹܹ㾩ʦеλҲһУ



1966 ߣ

ҹУŸ裬ңԶıԼݵؽ磬׷׳ŴƵľʦȥʱѾյ˼ԼݵϢ
鷿ż㣬建ķ£һ˫üͷҲ΢΢
ѾڱۼҶӳ̶ȱĻҪһ£롣
Ψһֵҵǣڷֵ磬ٻµʱ亮Żϯ£͸׼ʱ䡣
嵣ĵĻݷ档
ɽȻ㣡
尵һޱȡ
˵ʳеδֻֽ֮뵽˰ɽôڹǵ˴ݴϢѾӡ֤еĲ²⡣
˽е⣬ɡᣬᵳӪ˽ƿذһһ˵ɽıͼ
嵣ĵĻثλ۹ͻ߷һУ֪һֱΪԼצ¶׷һֻЦĸ󡣬ȴֻ֪һͷαװİ׻
ǣثǱô˵
عͷͻȻڵ
شˣŴѾţ˵үصǣɽֵֻСҲûôĵ췴⣬Ŵ˵лүѣҲ֪үһƬ⣬Ѿʳû⣬ļ밲ɽ޹أֻǳľɼѣȾһʱ䣬ҲͲˣ
ǹ
żùҿһ¡
ͻȻڵ
нӹֽûпĵݣֱż󶨸żϵġˡ֡
ثڰһصϰߣż㲢ǽµĻţҪż㣬Լͳдżثдһ漰ˡ֣ثġˡֺͱ˲ͬĩβձʵʱ򣬻һᣬһȦһ̣״Щһڵġ8֡
Ǻʱţ֪͹ע˸࣬Ϊڽң⵽㡣
дģ
ɨһۣȻҵǸ8εġˡ֣ӡ֤ثдзԽĳء
ث̫߰ˣ
ԼֺսʹĿֻݵãʥʵݺᣬԼҪܳĴڣ߱ū׽СϷˣġ׽ū
ôѣثҲֻǱԵķܼ䣬û顣
յţԸⰵе飬ÿյʳѾǶ弫ˡ
ˣҪث»ΪǶ裬һ¡
һѾֵز𡭡
а
ثм¶ĶǶԼƿݵؽ缫ţʵȫͬ
弫ֹһվ޷ĻصԭĹһӡ
үô죿
ǿڵ
дثЩǶ֪ģµȻΪ
ˣЩվ޷⣬ثǱʱᣬȹʱ䣬а취ã

ثֲۿɽңǾԲŵˣҲֻѡǸʱˣڴ֮ǰֻܾܵı
ֻɽԼڶе̽ӣҪõҷеϣôȡһЩ

ڶжȳɹҲʧˣɹΪȷʵ̽鱨ʧΪɽ׼жֱӾͷǵټչ׷ɱ
ǴصϢһǳע⣬ǹڰɽһ֧ҷӵĶš
Ƕ֧µĲӷǳİǶ˵ȴʲôܣǳϯݣһٽƴݿңɽµ֧ҷӴҫ۵ĴڣҲܹѹƲҴݻ󶼻ԭ
ǳҷʱѾҵ䣬֧飬˶ƯܶΪڷ籩ģ֪Ĳ
ǹ֧ҷӡ廹֪һЩġ
ҷǺΪǿʿ˼ǰɽԼܱ߸֮ѡǿӡ
֧쳣أӽ𣬾һֱѵ˶Խӽǵһʽڰɽѵ۹֮
ҷӵľмص㣺
һǵԶΧ󶼻Ȼֻаǧսȴǿ
ڶЩ˿Բ߲ݣʳκεʳݵʦ·;ңԶȴ֮ɼоʱκζġ
ҹоģ󲻵òͣϢ
һ˵ʱݡ
ҷӵʿǿģɿŭսһ㣬ʹǵĶּΪľѾԽ͵ķ룬ͬһˡ
Щټ٣кܶĴţҶǲŵģΪģ嵱˵ҲֻǾЩǴԶﴫΪ˿ҷӵ͡
ǹǴصϢȴȫı˿ЩҷʹǴһԽһ۷壬ӽ侳ӳ˴׻ɣǹ̴Ҫȴˣ·˵ĲԼ㣬սû˿ϢԼҹɫ˵ĺɫ
ЩʵĽӴһһӡ֤ĩж֧ҷӵġĵ
УǹӦǣܿȥȥˡ

뿪֮󲻾ã廽˸ʳԼɺ
͸Ǳôˣ
شˣһжڰͰ࣬ѾеɺˣԼʳܱ߸˰æɾͣ⣬ѾĹ飬ҹϹְ촢͵Ĺӡ
֪ʲôͷ
̫ˣոѾˣǵʱ䲻ˣһʱ٣뾡Ľ㹻Ĵʳ˵
ҡҡͷ
ңÿҵʮ֣ҹ͸Ϳɣ
֮Լ飬ӿٶȣ쿪ڻ͵е
ǣ
ԥ
⣬˵طôˣ
忪ڵ
Ļ϶ʱ¶һ˿΢ɫЩŹ֣и𾴺
үָ㣬ǵѾǰ˺㰲Ȫ˷ݣ⼸ﴫϢڵص׷˴ú̿ΪصȽƫƧɾ䶼Щѣ
Ļ峤һɫࡣ
Ӷ㰲ʱǸû֪Сطػһˣںһú֮̿磬ɽͬ
ú̿Ǻܶġ
ҪƵļǧ˿ڣ͸˹ĻԶԶģǱ·;ңԶЧ̫ͣؼģӴƱ֣ú̿еķ


1967 ľģ
صƫƧɾѶ⣬޽ˮ·ͨط⣬ǧƽͬʱ̫ϣǧƽ𣬷Ըǰطɾú̿ģһɳ͢·ѣɾʩвɾú̿һΪԼУȫͳһɳ͢չ
Ŀ䣬ͻȻڵ
ˣ
ⷬһ͵̧ͷ
ǧƽ
ɳ͢·ѺͲɾ豸ͬʱͳһչвɾú̿ȫɾİС
Կڴ޴ĵ𣬿İնӵǰطɾú̿
ǧƽǸСʮÿľҲһǧƽߣڴƵʷϻûй
һĳģ
ȥɣ
ܿתȥ
ѾԤ뵽Χݸأٰ֪ܣͬˮӿˡ
һа׵ֻʣһˣʱһƬž
ĬƬ̣ƿһĵ伮óһѹסż㡣
ٴһеż㣬зһ̾Ϣ
Щż㶼ǳ͢Ĵ󳼼ģҲȫǹڳ͢еĵ鷢ˡ
ʱ䣬ʥʡջ˳
ָ壬Լٹ٣þȨջˣʥʡµ̫͵
ֻȻʥʡϳ͢ȴһƬң̶ʱڣλʷΪײʥʡ˹˹ְá
⣬ʱ䣬ʥʡ䣬̶ʱڣڹڹη壬дûĹԱ̫࣬Ů
ʥʡں󹬳ŮɫΪһŮͽŮĸĸӷͣν͢
ֹˣʦ֮Уһ̼Ϊһ֧Ϸʹ׸ʥʡͱһְλҽ˸Աɡ
Щֱ͸ڳ⣬˼ķ߿
͢ĹмЧ˵ģҪӦְλͱص;飬˴ͼֱǺֻɳְܵ͢ʧ
ˣ˴ƵְλޣͲôˣʥʡֱжʮλϡ
ǵϵʱƺ־òףֽǵ˱һǱûôĹλȱ
ںܶһƬã״̬
ֳϦĵǰδֹ͢Ļ̡̻
ʱ䣬Ѿյܶ೯д󳼣ϳţǰЩ档
ͳ棬ϵ³ˣ취顰ʥʡıɼֹһе顣ǷЩʧĵ伮˱֮ףһжǱô򵥡
ʥʡĸʥʣһе׸úȥδӣ
ͷڱķʶߵ˼¡
ڴ֮ǰδ飬һֱΪǡʥʡ侳ʧܣ⵽˷ɣŵڵȻڲŷ֣һиˡ
ڵĳѲʥʣλ
ΪˣŻ˵ĳٶ
߹һֱʾҵĻᡮԽԽ⡯ָľ𣿡
̧ͷ
һ̸ޱȡ
߹֪ģΪʲôٻٹʷϵԭռǳҲˣүδ֪ʥʡ飬ҲѡΪλǧһڹȥ
Ϊ˾ĴӦǲĹȥռҵүӿҲã
һɲǣ˷ͷԺӹڤڤˡʥʡ֮У˶ʱʥʡ˵Ƿ
ʱʥǷԼԼػơ
£ʱѾϵ𣿡
˵һ˵ĸо
£İɣһػģȴǴػҲҪҶ취»ġ
ֻ尵սȭͷ
ٽҲһǰδеĺƽ٣֮٣Ҳ֮٣ΣʱȨѪͳѾûôҪ
ʱҪܹػ£ػյˡ
ڳϵġ
ôȥԼζҪֹ
Ҫȥ
ڰУ˵Ĺâܿ

ʱ˿̣ʹ̫һƬ֣ﲻϴŮʱʱһӷݵĴЦ
⣬֮һػܵɫβѡ
šʥʡİȫӵмҪĵλ̫ΪƵȨģ£Ҫ죬ȴˡʥʡ֮أеҲĳ桮ʥʡŷġ
˴ûġ
ְڣֻܵʲôû
£ˡ
ʱһͻȻ洫ѭȥֻһ̬Ĺ·һҡһڣҴҵ̫
ˣе΢΢üͷǸúԶܸоϵ̼ζ
ʵϣԭоеһˣֻʥʡһˣΪԱɡ
ˣһʶƲͷȥĿ͸һ˿ģԱҲ·ûпһֱһд̫ȥ
ԱɣԳ
ʥʡ£ʹԳ룬̫κ˲
ֻһգۣԳʧ˴С

ˣˣ޾µף¶Уȵ̫ƽ¥ɣ޾ͽȫӵ̫ƽ¥ȥʱٷΪ̫ƽ
ʱ̫ݺݺ࣬˸ˣƯĹŮҲˣе룬һģΰޱȵӰ֮ϡ
ͬӰͬò¶ȴǽȻͬʡ
֪ǡʥʡ˶ԣºǰλɫڻӰȻ˾ޱȵġʥʡ
£ˣ̫ƽ¥ˡ
ʱһ洫ֻգ۵ʱ䣬Ϳһ̬Ӱͷ󺹣ճ־ڵء
£ոյϢϵΪ̫ƽ¥Ӧľϵĵطľȫ˿ɾ̫ƽ¥ľ޵ĵز
Գڵϣ˵
ʲô
ⷬϣʥʡ͵վɫ
ϵľļΪߴ󣬶ľֺãΪ͢ӦϺõľϡ
ʥʡǰŲԱߵǳŵҪΪǽһֺӴ󣬸ûʣʷǰڶӵ̫ƽ¥žͱϵľûˣ̫ƽ¥û޽
áʥʡ¡
ϵľΪαʱڿ⣿
ô£
ʥʡǰ㣬ɫŭ⡣
£΢Ҳֻ֪֪µһϦ֮䣬еľĿ⣬ȫ¥
Գ˵


һǧŰʮ 桰ʥ
˶ôĵӡ
⻰ʥʡĿŤŭԣ
ˣǻ˶׽մ
˵ⷬʱ򣬡ʥʡһ

ⷬʥʡԼûʶʲôԱߵĹŮȴŵûʧɫԳҲɫ䣬һƨڵϡ
ô֮֮ѵһΥּ泼𣿡
ʥʡʶʲôһŭķʵ
⡭Ǿݴ󶼻󽫾̸ʿ׷
Գ˶סˡ
䣬ǵ֮ķϵ¹󣬾飬飬͢ԱҲҪ֡
ԳٿҲ֪ٵƣҲֵ۹ʵȨ˲һ㡣
ң£Ϊͣ͢ô³Ұ⣬ݸصİն᲻
Գ亹ֱ󱳡
⵹ԳҪΪ˵ʵϣͼϣʥʡԸ塣
ǴԳٵҲҲͷ
֮սǴӢۣ֮䣬һǽң¡
ң忭ʱԳҲȺڣۿǶôܻӭʦųϵ˶ȥӭˣʣµһҲھʦӭӡ
ȥ֣¾ʦİգ԰ˡ
ԳŹɲʱʵȨ̫ƽ¥¼ɱ壬Ҳʵ
ԳķӦʥʡһסˣһɲǣҲƺˡ
Ǻܿ죬ʥʡٶȷŭ
ּ⣬Ǹղμ糯޵Ҫ׳˼Դԣ޵Ķ
ʥʡɭȻޱȡ
ǡ
£ԳæӦ
ʱ仺ȥҲԳ߳͢󲻾ãսǴӰĬĬעһֱĿȥ
ߣϽرү
˺ܿתĬĻȺ֮УԶȥƬ֮Щ˲ûǰһתתС
ʱ֮Уһ̴ľ̫ʦΣһһмڷһɱ
壬𣿡
ͷ壬ǡ
û˵ֻ΢΢˵ͷᶨޱȣû˿ԥ
ǣĻͻὫʥʡеķŭתƵԼϣ̫ˣ
һǵ
λʷأ˾ʦԱҲ˲٣͢ңû˿Կ¡ң͵ȯлﵣ̸ĹֻҪ췴˭Ҳɱҡһ㣬޷
嵭
ң˶ܵӰ죬ֻѾ޿ɷ⣬ժȥһЩҷǺ£
ĬȻҪ˵ʲôȴֲ֪ôȥȰ˵
ȷʵұǽң֮ңټµֱͣλ˳˵ģ޿ͣ޿ɷ⣬´¹ͣڸǱ߶֪ôˡ
ңλʷᣬλĳأλ佫ժȥñһнֻΪû˳ӡʥʡ˼ʱҲվִ֣ȶģֹһСҪȻҵδ¾ͲǴ󳼱ôˡ
嵭
ʥʡ׳̶ֻʮ꣬ʮλҪĴԱ˵ʮµĹڹּ𣬶;ǷУԼĳλʥʡҵĹŮŮ׾졣
ġһλȫΨףݴеġΨ͡㿼˵ƶȫ֮һԡ
󳼵Ҳȫã
ǾԲġ
Ĭ˵ֺγֻ֪һͽԼ׵ⳡ֮ˡ

˵ʱ٣ʱ죬˵ʱͻȻ֮䣬һ󼱴ҴҵĽŲ洫ֻգۼ䣬һµķԱҴ˽Ѹ˵ע⡣
үոյϢԳѾ̫ʥʡ뿪ʹ
Աͷ֣ڵµϥص
һ˲䣬žʱ࿴һۣɫ΢
ѾʼˣԳѾϷľ鱨桮ʥʡˣšʥʡǱߺܿͻ볯
ڵ
Ǻǣ²صģмƽϡ
ֻһЦΪ⣺
⣬ûлͷȻѾʼû·ϵǱߣйԱص飬ӳٷţ½Ա飬Ҳͬӳ٣йٷҲӳµģӳٵһꡣ
ǱҲϵȺֹ̫ƽ¥ѡ飬ЩķУõ͵ĹԼصĴҳȫҪı䣬ȫʩΪ취ӣ飬ȫƵϣһֻ˵֪顣

ͷ̾Ϣһɫӡ
ӸϣԷ⣬ʵǣ֮⣬Ҳû취ˡ
Ҳֻܰ˵İˡ
վܿ뿪ˡ
뿪֮󲻾ãһ񶯣һšʥʡŭţҲܿС
䣡
ֻƬ֮Ϸľ̫ƽ¥ľϣʥʡȻŭϢھʦʦһƬ䶯

ȥ룬˵ڶ糯ʱȴɫ糣
䣬ҿڣûУ
ϳ֮ǰ崩Ž˿ۣϸˬʵ
ǡ
ԣһŮæߵǺЦš
ү涼ˣôС
Ů忪֮нһŮ֮ѾдˣΪɣ˵еߣƽʱĴ¡
⣬һ֣䡱
ǰλصˣȻ֪εͬСɣȴ֪үǻۣȻа취Ӧǰľ档
ԽҪʱԽҪ򶨣ҵҲκ⡣
嵭
ⷬ˵ƵᣬһŴݵȣҫޱȡ
ԵСŮɫһգЩˣǺܿ͵ͷ糺죬Ū·
嵹ûעô࣬Ƭ̺߳ۡܿһͭŻʹȥ
ֵԣ飬Ȼû糯ʱ䣬֪Ҫ볯İŷĻ㼯˽ֵԣ˵ģ˽ǣҲǹС
Ůףһǿȷϵģʦܵ˵ӵ
ʻ빬ţִ̫ܿ͵ǰ
ү
ү
үˣ

̫͵⣬ͬһȺ󳼣ȫۼһ𣬲ûн뵽ƺڵʲô
ֺһȺ˶ʱ׷ӭ˹Ŀ𾴣͸һ˿ϣͺҵĹһ
͢ʱ棬˵ǼΪҪġ


һǧŰʮ ʥʡѣ
ڸ֮࣬ҲЩǡ
ϿЩ޴ԲľʵĿʲô˶֪Ǵʥʵ̬ѾΪŭձټ빬顣
̲ϴʷԻǳ͢Ĺأλʷ֮ǰҲûʥĻ˾ͽǰչ١
ڵʥʣѲӡеʥʣ˭Ҳ֪ʢŭ֮£ɳʲô
壡
ʱһϵͻȻȺдȺɲǼԶֿͬһʱ䣬Ҳ̧ͷѭȥ
һѥֻһϵӰȺݹŰ壬ϣ͸һȨζ֮Ⱥһ㡣
̫ʦ
ǵӰüһдΪ⣬ͻȻԼǺԼγͻ̫ʦղף
Ĺϵ̫ãҲûϵγ̫ʦȻ
΢΢üû˵߲ƣ߲Ҳ֪̫ʦʱǺ⡣
СӣϷϲ㣬Ҳϲңε飬ҲϷĿ࿴ΣҲϷô㣬һε飬㲻ҴƵسϷһү
̫ʦǰĵطͣ

ⷬдΪ⣬Ǻܿ׹
̫ʦλȨأԪϣ׶˵ͷһΣΪʥʵĹϵȻԼͷֻԸ˵һ˷Ļˡ
̫ʦˣ
һ˵ţһ߹һ
ʥʵǹ£˽£̫ʦԸִ֣ΪµȺ棬ԼֻһĿΪĹۡ
٣ĳ̶ֳϣλղ̫ʦλֵ𾴵ˡ

ǰ壬̫ʦпѡ
ԪϣΪʥʵ飬κ̫һǰ󹬣ʥʣȫ֮⣬ǬţźŶ̤ȥ˵ǽ̫ˡ
̫ʦһ֮лûзȻʶԴ
ֹˣں󹬽ܼ̫֮ʦתڳ֮͢ϹȰʥʣǲŸոһڣʥʾͰٰĲֱͣӴֱĴĻ飬̫ʦ붼û
һϵеֱ̫ʦĻ䡣
壬Щ˶Ѿˣֵ֮͢ʱƵĽɽݣİգԺֻܿˣ
̫ʦп
ɫһӡе̫ʦһ°ִ֣廹ûϿ־ܵӡ

˵ʱͻȻ֮䣬һԽ˲Ϣ䣬ˣ볯̫͵ķ˹ȥ
Ҫʼˣ
Ȼһ̾Ϣ̫ʦ˵һȻ˵ĿУ뿪̫͵Զȥܿ죬ʧԶ
ٹ
ǰһ죬Ὺʼʱ䵽ˡ
尴סеͷͰٹһ뵽̫͵С
ٹŰУƬ֮󣬳ʽʼˡ
¼ݵ
һ¹ټ̶ɤУϷһȺ͹Ůӵ£ʥʡвܿ˽ϷŴȨı
ͬһˣ̣ͬеһУǰûʲôͬУѷ˷츲صı仯
֪ǰվڳϵģѲӢʥʣλѹʮġ
ģʥʵӣЩϵĶζ޷ģµġ
һǣипѡ
߹ҲȻˡ
ɨʥʵΧʮһֱʥߣʥһֱΪĸҵĸ߹ҲȻʧˡ
Ȼ͵õϢҲԤϣһĻȻ˵ĸо
ʥʡʱ򣬴ϣһ˫۾ͬע塣
˶
һ̵ġʥʡֱŭɶһεĳᣬ˵Ϊٿġ
Ϊ٣죬ԼгӶ볼ĶԾҪò
ڣҪ޽̫ƽ¥Ȼ׳неľȫˡ
ȻǿϾûľͷˣһľĵļͻδؾͷϹµҪ󣬶У󲿷Ҳ·;ңԶǸɽ󴨣϶Ҫ鷳Ķ࣬ҲΪ
Ϊģ̬ȣûĸӸɳ˳顣
ЩسôģѵΪĹͣɱ
磬û˿Υ
ʥּ࣬˳
ʱһ߸ߵڴУܿٿ
壬ôĵӣ޵ľҲҿ
ûȵ󳼿ڣϷʥѰ಻סȷѣŭޱȡ
ⷬ˶һԳΪۺʹĵط˭Ҳû뵽ŸոտʼûпʼʥʾѾ಻סȶ巢ˡ
£
Уһʶ߳ҪΪֱ档
סڣ
ʥʡŭݺݵĵĳһۣɫһϣԭ̤ĽŲҲ˻ȥ
˭Ҳû뵽ֻķԣֱ漸䣬ѾǵáʥʡȻŭ
ǰ֮֮ʦִȥмҪˡǰ˱Ȼڣһ䱻ᣬһЩѧ֮ͽ볯ã˭
ʱܿĻǰգ
Ҳ֮ǰõģΣҲΪһʱӰ쵽С
壡أžѵ޶ˣ
ʥʡ
սޱȣ˵Ŀ׷׼еϣǡ
£޴⣬΢ϵԲľȫּ¡
ʱ䣬Ӱ߳˹
Ļܵ󳼶һϵʥʸǲȻŭ
ˣ˼㿳ģ
һǣʥʵĿֱҪɱˣȻ岻ܸһĴ𸴣Ҳʲô³
£ӦңҳｨеһУĶһұ¡

۾ʲôʱ˵Ļ
ʥ΢۾麧ޱȡ
ʲôʱ˵ĻôܻȥԼ̫ƽ¥ľģʱûϹôȥӦѾǵˡ
սеĳ佫磬ȥ岻ܺܺõĽ£ĹͣҲλʷһȥְʦ
ү
ĵطһѹ׾ģҪŵ̬ϴͺ͡ʥʡ֮Ĺϵ
Ȼȴδ


һǧŰʮ ڼ湬
£ǳԣȷд£΢Ƿӣ滹бµӸǵӡ¡
ݵһ˵ţһ̽Уȡһ৵һչֽ֣де֡
ͬ⣬һｨ¡
ӵĩβȷȷʵʵӸһӡʥ
ǰʱ䣬ϳ󳼵棬࣬Լдһþ΢ӾǸʱͨġ
ͬһʱ䣬˶
£кβ֪ģѯˣ֪һ
еǰָóǷӵʱ򣬾֪˲û뵽廹Ƶϡ
ӡȻӡ󣬵ʱⱾӣ˵ʥͬˣָʱҲûϸҲʲô⣬ϾǾݴ󶼻Ԫ˧ھķ룬齨Ҳȫûʲô⡣
ϵӣȻֱܵϣ˱½̫ƽ¥ӡ
£ȷд£
ָаٰ㲻ԸʱҲֻܿڵ
ž
һļž
˭Ҳû뵽ʥʡŭܵٿⳡ糯Ȼᷢתۡ
ϣʥʡһݺݵĵһָ漴壬Ļ
ˣ
ĿɱˣѾǧٻˡ
ָԼٹµ飬ΨⲻҲ֮һ
ԼԼд˷ӣּӸӡ£ֱд
ʥʡԽŭǣƫƫȷȷʵʵģһ˵˵׿ϵģҲȫû
һ㣬봦壬Ҳ޴֡
ԽˣбԽŭ
壬޵棬㻹𣡡
ʥʡĿкһ˫ְŷ֣վ
սԽԽعˣ޵̫ƽ¥ҲҶѵѿس𣿡
΢ң
壬㹦Ȩأ㲻Ҫǣһ֮еһж޸ģܸ㣬Ҳͬȫջ
ʥʡ˵ţŭһ͵شһҲȻֱȥ
˳
ŭѼ
ڳ˭Ҳֹ
ּ⣬嶥ײӣ£ٺ»꣡û޵Ͻ
⣬һСС̫ƽ¥޽ã飬ɣԱɣһȫ
ڿҪʱʥʽһͣͻȻڵ
һ䣬Ѹʧ
ڣԣһ˭Ҳû뵽ʥʡߵʱ򣬻һ
һʱ䣬¶һ˿
Ե󳼳һⳡᣬѾԤϵһ籩ַ꣬ʽѾ൱ˡ
ܿں֮С
ȥ
ʥͻȻڵһ£е̫࣬Ůȫ˵ĸɸɾ
ȥͬʱʥʵɫͻȻޱȡ
壬塭̫ңѹʮҲͰˣˣȻҲѹңһҪʬΣ
ҵһҲҪ׽ˣϧĶ޶Ҫͳͳٵ븶Ĵۣ
֮УʥʡͷɫޱȣΪɲ
ˣڼ湬
ʥʡͻȻ
ھʹ䰮Ů˿ʼɣ
бŷԹԹޣʥʡڼݣ̫ڵ湬ȥ
Ƭ֮湬С
Ҫˣ
湬յϢһɵģʮСŮһ˷ܣǰ̫
𣿡
һɲǵ̫жʱһʡ
꣬㣬Ҹ£
̫վЦ绨
Ƭ֮湬Ŵ򿪣̫ϴϣһɫĹװƮƮ죬续Ӱ㣬ڹеȴš
һ̵̫ޱȣԵĹŮǶˡ
ͬʱһܳʻ󹬣ϷʥԹ
̫ңҾǿռŮˣô죡
ӭȴΪù𣿽Ҿ
һ̵ġʥʡɫŤﻹƽİӡ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬ھ湬׵ʱ򣬺һû˿ףϵġʥʡͷ·ײһεһ޴ʹݳһξ롣
£
һĻΧһƬæ˹ɫޱȡ
ôˣ
ڣʥʡҲˣһĻȫԤ֮С
ʲô
ʥʡɲ
ʲôҲûз
΢֪
⣬һɫ֣̿ڵϡ
ոһɲû֪ʲôֻ֪ͻȻ֮䣬·ײһ޴Ǵӳڲġ
ǰǰǰ
ʥʡɲ˵ǰ
һ̣䣬·ٴײһεϣһεʹó˺һ϶
δ𣡡
ֹˣڤڤУ֪ʲôҺʥʡʶһѣȻȫѪ
̫ң
һǣʥʡٳٶҲӦ
Ǹ쵰Ȼ̫湬Ϊ˽ɣֻҪһͻǿҵķɡ
ֻΣȻײѪ
һɣȥǸ쵰Ļͬھ
Ҳģ޾ģ
ʥʡܻȴվûִǰ湬òظ
ˣˣˣ
̫Уʥܻе
£ūš
ʥʵٻһ̫๬Ů׷ӿ̫ȻûվȣžʥͻȻֻһƣͽһ̫ͼŮݺȷɳȥײǽϡ
Щūţ
һȺûõĶ
ʥʡŭ쳹
ˡ
˲Ϣ䣬ʣµŮ̫࣬ɫɷף׷׹ڵϣҳ
Ӧ˵ȴһŭ̫ڣһܣеΡ㡢װΡյȫɳȥڶʱһƬҡ
ΧеŮ̫һأµɪɪ

һŭȣ˶ʱɴ⣬׷ӳ˴
ڵˤͷŭ಻һֱʱ
£ţɽص׼òĺصؾ׸£ף޽
֪˶ãһͻȻӴ
ʲô
ڣеĶȫʧʥ͵ػعͷ˵⡣

Ҳʹе飬ܿص֮С
үô죿ʥүڸн£һүͶ෽⣬ºܶ鶼޷ˡ
֮Уȸڵ
ͶѾɣȸҲ⼸淵صġ
յĳᣬ˶Ѿ֪
屻£˶Щ


һǧŰʮһ ̫ʼ
޷ڴǿȥҰ⣬ѾûʲôҪԳ֣ЩҲ㹻ˡ
ĵ
ʵڵ弴㲻ܶҲɡ
ӣ
ͻȻڵ
ӣ
ǰ
һҪ㾡ȥһ¡
忪ڵһ˵ţһߴȡһֽ˹ȥ
һҩǳϡȱҪǰɽ취ҵζݡ
ǹӣ
ӽӹż㣬ԥ
˴ȥ侳صϢڼ֮ǰ¬֮͢ͻȻϢһΪϵ鼮ҵݡ
ֶΪϡֻããƵɽϡ
ɽǴ˵еɽסĵط
ɽǧӴƾһֱӵ
꼻һֻ֣ڴ˵֮У
Ѿû̫ѡҪȻʥΨһİ취
ЩͷɿԺӹܿͻָ
⴫𣬷ֻɽȫתƶشͻʺɡԼ߾
ӥṩһǧƽ취˶ͻʺɡԼ߾۹Ĺ壬˼ǵ̫ˡ
ȸǣǿҵȥƵ۹İӣ󶼻ľھͺķİоȫǵáǿɵĴо֮ѡӣ
̶ʱڣһ
һǣڣ˶𶯣壬˶İʱԸʳʱˡ
ֻһΣĴӴʳĳ˶ݰˡ
ǣ
н죬ȫӦ
ݣһĽ찲ɽû֪Ϊʲô˽ӣǶж˴ɡ
¡¡
ӴĻٴתһǣھӴӰȫתĳʮ֮ǰŶӵȥ
ӴԴҲŵһнֻΪǸɽ

ʱ仺ȥʹУʥʵı仯ע⣬£ΧžʦݣͰɽ˽°ӿһεսѾʼ
ʱ˿̣ʦ⣬ĵطâһһӰƮƮͻȻڰ֮С
μ̫ʼˣ
Ӱʰ̬鹧ǫޱȡ
Ӱ֮أǹ֣¶֮࣬ڴˣȻܹϳ֮Уһ츮
֯У츮λߣӵкܴĵȨޣǺǫӡ
ˣ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬âһû˿ף츮ǰƮƮȻֳһӰ
ӰĿϢͬɽһ㣬츮Ҳ΢ǿߣӰǰСޱȣͬͯͳһ㡣
ϸ۲죬¶ϢȻݵؽ磬ɽͰɽ̸ǵӰ
ݵؽ;ʦңԶ˭Ҳû뵽˾Ȼ
Ǹôˣ
̫ʼϸһŰɫߣֻֻ۾ĵطī֭һ״ޱȡ
شˣһжļƻڽС
츮ڵϣͷ̧ϹϾЩϻ̳Ͽ֡
֯ڲȼɭϣ˵ǰλҪʦ츮һ
Ȼ֯ڲѾǸ߲㣬Ǻǰλ˵е̫ʼȣȻŲСĲࡣ
ѾĻҲҪλ̫ʼ֮¡
֮Ĳ࣬ͬ츮ͻһ㡣
̫ѹƵǸѾڵĳȫڴһƣû⣬̫ӦѾǸѹסˣҲʱ򣬴ˣʣǷҪ˻ɱ̫ң׵Ľʯ
츮
ʮǰ̫ѹڵǸȻ¸գǾ壬붼顣
һΣ֯лԳ׵Ĳĸ󻼡
ˣ
̫ʼޱȡ
̫˽ƻѣȻȷʵǶԸǧѷĻᣬǸֻʱӹ壬ܹ󲿷ʱԼһǽ˵̫һ᲻ͻȻѣûԸǣͬһ
ᵽ֣նʱ˲٣츮¶һ˿ȿֲɫ
֯ڵʮ֮һѾ˶쾳֮ԶԿһСռ䣬ƴޱȣԶ΢֮ϡ
֮ңȴ̫̫һͽնûɢ춼ûܾ¡˺̫ʼĳ֡
츮جһģ̫Ǽʿһ
֯Ծӣ׻ȨǰҲϰС
֯ǿ΢Ͷ쾳ǿߣѾǧ꣬ʱĴ˵ڣ̫һǰ޷ֿͬ׵ļһ㣬׵ľͱնɱˡ
츮һӶ顣
ԴǴ֮츮ÿζǿֲج֮С
ǣʲô̫ץסᣬȨǵжǰ
츮ԥ
Ǹѹʮ̫ȫһΣ֯Ըðһԣмĸʳɹ츮ʵǺ񵽣̫ʼ澹Ȼʲôôʧ
ߣ̫ˣ侳ʧܣô׽
̫ʼԶľʦһЦ
侳죬ܴﵽľ磬ŵ飬һҪΪΪ飬ʧ֮Ҫ޴Ĵôܣ
ֻʩչֶΣһֱѹưˣʵʮǰ͸ˣϵڣƵԳ֣Ѿ൱ˣ
øĴۣø걾֮ռ壬壿̫ʴȣʮǰһʼɱǸҲڵڣ屾ԽǿʱԽͻԽԽ֧š
ֻҪǲ֣һֱź״̬Ҫ˶ã֧Ųסˡ
̫ʼޱȡ
˾ǷˣϾϣǿҲı䲻ǵıʡ
Ϻԣ񿹺⣬յĽǷɻ
̫ȻţеһжѾΪ׵
κεĻᡣ
츮һ̫ʼ˵ЩϢ֪Ǻܿ췴Ӧŵ
⡭˽ǸôǷҪϵǸһѡ
Ǻǣ
̫ʼ˰֣
һҾȷһ̫ҵ״̬ļƻǷЧǸصģݵ֮Ѿ׼һݴ񣬴ϷҪ˶úܿͻݡ뻹ڴ
ף
츮ͷ­ٶʡ
ռž֪˶ãһ紵Уһ㣬˲ʧӰ١
ʦûκ˷֡



һǧŰʮ ثսܣ
ʱ仺ȥʱֵı仯ȺܶĶҪö࣬ɳǰݵ鰲ɽʱһ벻鷢ˡ
ս߾۹ȫثսܣ
䣡
Ϣƣ
ثƣ̫ٱõĴڣڶثһĴڣ˶ţֻҪе۹λ󽫾ڣ͹Զκεİȫ֮ݡ
ԾƸӣ붫ͻʡɡ߾۹۹ֻҪث㹻ˡ
ڣλսһĴھȻˣϢˣ
ثزʱϢҲ
Ϊպյİ󶼻ɼزʱĻҪãڴս֮ǰѾĸ¡
߾ʱثȫ׼ġ
õϢثҴҴӲϾ𣬲ִӦսΪزԭثսҲشʧʧء
ֹˣϢ֪ݵɺҲżⳡսͻʺȻû뵽УҲͬ
һһجĴݴƣʦ֮Ļ̻̣ɽӦݱ߾ϣڶ
ʱ˿̣Уƻͨվڴ֮Уͬڹע顣
㻹ֻа£ڸ֮ۡУϢ
һз̫ˣǰû˿ס
𶯵ǣһ°ųս޲ʤ޲˵ثȻʱƽҰܣ
Ϊ֮һֱثһ˿⣬˵ثһȷʵΪº͡Ҳû뵽һԼĿʢ˥ĲҰܣĿԻ͵һֱķʽβ
Щ޷ıģ˵ĹעԶֹˡ
ڱǿ׳ӶٶĴʳ۹ˣָοı߾֮붫ͻʺĵ۹
ڲĶΣ屾ܵĸоεô򵥣ضʲô顣
ӥȸֻɽԼеĶ̽ռսϣرǸ߾۹Ҫ֪еϸڣԨΪʲôʱơ
ץż㣬عˡ
ǣү
ӥȸӦ
̽ŷѸٴ̽ⳡսйصһϢ
ͬһʱ䣬³棬ٿһشս飬ʼ׼ǰ赲ɺ߾۹ĴͬʱӦԿܶ԰ɵĳ
Ȼʥʵ޷뿪ۡҲԶȫ̲С
ڵĴѾȫʵӦԶһжңʦ֮·;ңԶڵɾǰҲҪ̵ʱ䣬Ѿ޷Ӱ쵽Ŀǰս
ͬʱһԨثϭģڶؽ贫
˵ϭԨڸ߾۹ʦԱٽݵǰ췢
ΪԸ߾дɣʱ֪ݣ˵ʦ֪ϭĵĴڡ
ո߾˵δٽʦƺǰ󶼻ثʲô£߾ʵԨĲòȷ
һϵеı仯ۻңʴӡ
ô£
ͬʱͬʱټӥȸ
үһѾԨǷ߾ַϭҲѾȫ
նݵؽ͸߾۹ϢԨĵĻʹһö񵤣ţǰ߾۹ɽлĸҩƶɣֻܹöԨеһš
˵öӵмЧֹۻ˶꣬ôصİ˲ȬǸ߾ĵһ񵤣һֱڻʹߴرء
ԨǸ߾ʵۣͬʱҲһϲսɱͽ֮ǰǴײɱڲͣԡѪսߵֵزڻ۵İö񵤶Ԩ˵ӵвĪáԨԭҲ׼ȵԼʮȥ̷ЧҲ󡣡
󶼻ثԲڴ֪Ϣ漴ɳһ֧СֶӣĻױһ·Ǳ߾ʹУԨǰĻᣬ͵Ϯ߾۹ĻʹһѴ𡣡
˹ڵأ
ԨľΪ·ս
ü
鲢ûô򵥣Ϯʹֻһ棬ؼ֧ڳ˵ĹУһ·ɱɱ߾۹ԨĵĶŮԨĴǰ߻£ŭڣֱټ۹Ĵ趼ǣָӴֱӹ
ȸ
öأ
ʵ
ʱ֪䣬ǵҲûв̽
һԵӥӿڵ
ԣܲԣ
üü˴Ρ
үôˣ
ڣԣ׷塣
ԨģôҪĳ񵤣ں𣿡
忪ڵ
⡪
ԣһϢէһûʲô⣬˸ûһ㡣
ҼԨΪ˶Ըثб߽һ󷽷ؿ飬߾СҲнĴʳ۹֮أԨĽں󷽵Ļʹ֮Уûرأ䱸ɭϵĻʳһ֧ͻϮɱ룬ҷյģ
üͷԽԽȫһֱоԶֹô򵥣̫ɡ
ѼôõϢв鵽֧ɱ߾ʹĶϢ𣿡
һ仰˵
սͻֻѼϢûϸ˼
ϸ˼Ӧ֮أɱ߾ʹ֧СֶӣʼգǸ߾۹ǱߣǰǱߣͳͳûѼϢУҲûйǵϢ
֧Сֶӷ·һַ֣·һʧ
Ҿү˵ɵأá
үǡ
ҲоеΣ׷ʶ塣
ûô򵥣
ͻȻعͷȸ
սˣ
ʦ·;ңԶѵϢʵʱ࣬⣬߾ɺѹսΧȫǺ࣬ϢݼΪ㣬ҲѿΧڿ֧ţûг͢Ԯ¼ֲ˶á
ȸ
飡ȫ鶫ս֣⣬ҹУȫٸݣиоս֣ܿҪдתˣ
˵һ䣬üɫܲÿ
䣡
ŸոշᣬӾʦʱ䣬һС·̻ûдﵽԤԾͳˡ
ݣ


һǧŰʮ ثΣ
ڸ߾۹ɺΧݵؽԼ᧿Σ֮ʱ󶼻ثһɽĲΣӦӱؽټˣһ֧ʱ˸ӣսĹؼʱ̣ƴһܲ䴩߾ɺоڸ˾޴ۣʧغڻ˸߾ʵԨġ
һƬңҲץ׼ʱѸٳڷΪʤ
ݵؽڼܵ£ڻΪģһ޴ΣҲ֮
ϢʦһƬܣ˵һιע֡ɽ
յϢԭľҲֹֹ֮ͣԭжУ塢ǡӥյϢʱĬ
ɽ
֣˲Ϥûһ˲֪
˽е⣬˽齨ҷӣܿث׷ɱǵˡˣȻΪⳡݴսӢۣ˾㷴ӦٳٶۣҲⳡսô򵥣ÿ˶ŵһŨıζ
ثˡ
һƬѹ֣յϢþòֻ˵֡

ãһɽ޹Ȼûп㣬ֹ⣬ƽģսͣͣ
Ҫ֪ƾֹһû޵ĽɽȻ̩ɽ
ʥʡӵұбһԸ欵ĺЦ
ʮǰ֪ɽǸƽĺ˴һζݣΪϲҲסɽ֡
£ʵ˵ζ㲻ϴݣثҲǴƳʮϽսңΪ²Ž൱ڶķ˭뵽ث˵УҲô©ʧز˵˵뽻Ҳȫûǿϧ
ʱһڴԱԳվһԣһ̾Ϣ
һ仰ʥʶУʥʵɫ˲
Գȴûע⵽
θ߾ɺȻȥ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱƫƫŴ־ɼزڴ˲İ
ԳһԵǡ
ȻزӦ
ڣʥʵɫޱȡ
˶Ϊ޲֪һ˽ո߾ʹǳô鷳ѹסԨҲͰˣȻѹסǾ͸
ּ⣬ⰲɽΪ󶼻ث뾩ޣ
ʥŭ
ǣ

Ƭ֮󣬴̫߳Գ̧ͷһ۶ķ¶һ˿Цݡ
ˣ߰ˣҪҶˡ
ǣ
бɲһӦ
ˣҪ飬Ҷ쵽ˣӦöԵǸҵһƽ˰ɣ
Գ΢΢һЦܿ뿪ˡ

ͬʱݵؽ硣
սݵشһƬǽ壬Ѫζסս졢Ұ֮Уʬ壬ɺģҲи߾˵ġ
ⳡʷǰĴսԨĺĺ󳷽Ҳʧء
ˣˣˣԨģôĵӣθҹݣϷԣ
ۡУһǰŭХǺܿ죬ŭХͱԡ
ˣ
ˣС壡
֮УаüһãثΪŭÿͨ죬һ׷ӭȥثڴ̫ʦ¡
ҹѵΪϷԶҪ˲
Уһŭȣл֣̿׷ȥ
˶֪һ߰α߾ʧôܵˡ
常ԨҲûֵôһ޵ѣ常ֵΪҲֻǱץ˸ӣҪ常ĵӸҽ
ʱһ΢ֵӰǰӰڶʱһаȥóһɫҲޱȡ
ܹ˵λģҲֻ˧ɽˣһݴսʱټһ֧˴һڹؼʱɱ֮УԨģث롣
һ̣䣬û˿ףثͻȻһڰɽؿڣһ߷ɳȥصײں󷽵ǽϡ
ڳЦϷһԨĶѹס𣿡
һǣثŭɶ
ĩң
仰ڣɫ֣̿׷׹ȥ
һս̍ȫûǶһսʮѪټ°ոԨ֣֮ڶ˵ܴ衣
οڵĶʢŭĹͷѾȥ̼ȥ̸ȥǳսˣر̍Լİ
ǰɽǷοĻȻһЧ
һƬţͷ­ʹտڲֻث̫ʦУͬһͷŭʨһ㡣
常޴⣬常кһЩɽԸԶһƣ
ʱһƼžɽڵأǰ鱰΢
ɽѪԼ¶һĵۣثĿⴥһ£ϵŭȥ˲١

ثͻȻһֻƣͬʱӣǰɽףϥǰǷཱུث֮Сثûж˵ֻĴָһ죬ȥ˰ɽѪҲࡣ
ūһδսĲежΪΪûп㣬ԵҶأҲҵӲԭϰ׽ӣ
һжǺģ
ɽͷȻֺοЩЦȴޱȡ
ⳡսǼʶ˧Ԩƴˣ˭˵˧һĿЦ
ã˵֤ⷬΪûп㣡
ث˵ⷬվĿҲƽ࣬Ҳٴ¶λǵģָ޵ơ
ԨĴʵɺޣȻز֮ʱϮݣϷպɱ֮֮ҪĵĻԨģǳ͢
ثĻ˶һ̧ͷثɽҲһ㣬ŷֵҲ¶һ˿ȡɫ
֮սȻѾʤǳ͢Ǳ߿²ôԨĴϷϮĻʹɱŮƪϭĿѾ鳯͢Ұʧأ̍ȫûôڸǲ˵ģ͢Ҫ˳еΡ
Ϸڳ֮͢ڶ࣬ʱҲͰˣϷھɼز͢ϱض˽˴£ıҵľȨֻǰĺӾҪͷˣ
ثЩ꣬飬йͬҲйҲ˲ĳʹ顣
ִݣثŶƸӣƽսܣֱӴӳ͢нҪԼľȨҲҪ˲ӦԼȨиֲϳ͢ص˰Ȩ˰ȨļȨ˽ȨΪ߼ΪɻȨ


һǧŰʮ ƣɽλ
ĳϣǸʱʼثͳ˵һʵֻۣ֪ث֪лʵۡ
֮ǰҲͰˣֻҪثܹסݵؽ磬˭Ҳκβһܣʱøɸɾ
Ǹң
ثĻɽ͵̧ͷһķŭ
˭һ常ڽӦ
ڽӦ
ڣһȺݽҲ׷׸͵𶯵
常ڳñ䶯ƵʥҲǰΪͬӦûڵֵزɣ
ɽץث
ûϲһʧߣݴսչӮˣ͢û᳷ңȴòΪһսܶȥȨżʣѾͳͻ޹ˣǻǵĴ¸鷳
ϷһӵѪԲϷҲΪѡһ͢ҪңϷʱͻټݴҴ󶼻λãҶѾдˡ
ݸոմʤʥʱضҲݱصĽ죬ԶϤټҵľټ͢ضܾ
ثһְֻڰɽҼϣĿ䣬ƺѿ͸һУѾһжŵ׵
ϣث仰ɽһȻЩ⣬ƺҲһ˿
һ̣ثУ
ֻҪƿסʱϷߣֻ꣬ұػݣʱ֮飬ҲϷƿ֮УʱΪҲ㣡
ⷬɽĿһ䣬¶һ˿׾ļЦܿͻһֿɫһм
л常
ʱͻȻһҵĿڴث˵ⷬƺѾľԼеѸٵȥ԰ɫٴξҵĿ
ɽӵһԾ𣬷סث
常ô
ɽһ߷סثһǬ棬ǬӴ˸ɫ
ҩ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һɫģŨҩ֭
常ΪأһҪ壬ҩ֭кôú°ɡ
ɽһϣͷٰü
ô꣬Ϊá
ثɫпֱӴӰɽнӹҩ룬һ
ιҩثܿŮķ°ȥˡ
ڣ˽Ҳȫ˳ȥ
Ƭ֮󣬰ɽӴ߳ͷһۣǸϣЩЦģֺͻȻʧȡ֮ģһ׶ԹͬʱִƼƵóѵס
ûжڶɽֱ뿪ĵطͺԼһ㣬ǬӣǬ棬ãе˷׷ӭ
һδսǧѷ꣬ҸثʱΪʲôǲɱһ˰ˣҪȥ
һڵǴǬӡ
սѾм죬ɽһֱثǰǰֱڲлʳ⡣
ǰĴսثΣ֣Ǭӱ׼ں͵ϮثԨģһ˽ģϵɽɱֹԨоث
ڣ˼ֱثҩ¶ˣȴɽ͸зˡ
ǻǲףثȷʵҪɱȴڣڵثǻüֵ
ɽֱͦĿҲŷ󲪲Ұġ
Ͼثһֽģ滹൱ĽʿңϾ˵ĵ̣ǺˣҪثĳϣȹڵĵλ⣬ǲثҪټ󶼻
˵ɽ¶һ˿ݵɫ
֮ǰôثİ˳ͳ찲رǣðİյϿɣ벻ثȻдһټţֱݴ󶼻ֱʡٵĹ
֮ϲ
ثˡ
ڴʱһԵĸͻȻˣ
ʦǱѾϢߪΪټثľټţ޵ؽ磬򣬾ȫˡȵλثĿԳˡʱͲǵǵ谭
ڴ֮ǰثҲҺ̶ͬġ
г
Ѿ˵֮ĵһʦĺܶжϣպ֤ȷġһ㣬ǬӺǬ涼ѡ
Ψһ谭Ǹˣ
ʱһڵһ˶һ˿룬ʱ򣬽ƻǵӣǰɽµĶžʦׯ
ׯУͨ׾֮УҲ£ؼΪ˽⡣
ׯˣӰɽһ׽ūʱ͸ʶΪЩСǣڲԹɫϸ΢鴦Ϊͨ
֮ǰ˶ʼո߿һۣдث˵ҩһ亹ǰػ񣬸ثĲˮҩֻע룬ȴȫȻûעϲĲ֭ҩƭľ䣬ȡΡثҲǲɡ
ׯ
£˶ɫ΢죬Ҳ΢΢üͷ
ǸʦеʼǸļɵ˱˵ĳЩʱ򣬻δ֪ĸоһжȲϡ֮ǰҩ֮£飬֪Ĳˣȫǰɽߵĸ
˸ˮòʦеλȴǰ֪ˣ˻ɹڲһʱ䣬Ǹš
ǬӡǬ棬ԸСׯҲ˼ɵأ˵ʲôĻ
⣬һ飬Ǵսʱ޳˲Ǹ·ֻɽˣεжֻ
ׯڵ
ûйϵ
Ԥϣҡҡͷɫ൱ƽ
ı󶯣޴ѶˣҲı䲻ʲôڴ˻ǲɵģио䣬δ˽ĵˡδλһҪһȥˣ
ɽû˵ɫȴ˲ñޱȣɱ
쵰
˵ʱͻȻһŭԶֱͬ˸ʮҲһȺ˶ʱ׷Ťͷ˹ȥ
Ǵ󶼻
Ǭüͷһϳ
Ǻǣʥּˣ
һ˲䣬кׯǶ¶һ˿Цݣ
ÿʼһˣ

ڼ֮һϢ䶯£ɽڶսбֳڣߪΪ
ԭ󶼻ثΪһ֮˽ڶŭʹݣ°ʧأ̍ȫûҲܵǣԭ󶼻Ѵ̣ȥְǨΪݴʷ


һǧŰʮ Ӣĺ꣬ľ⣡
ثľټߪԭݾɽɽΪ󶼻ݴλȵ͢ҵѡ⡣

Ϣ£رǶƵľ߲㣬˼ĳ
³֥˼˳Щ۹Ĵ󶼻󽫾ثһھģһ˵ثʱЩ۹ǣȫֻһССУξǶξثĻԻսʱκ
ҲΪˣثھӵĪӰ;صĵλ
ڣλսʤһҪʶ۹ȨΪˣΪһսȻȥȨᵽݴʷλãһһĴ˵һֳ裡
Ϣжѡ
ô£˵ث뾩ʥһ£ְôͻȻ֮´
֮УյϢгزѡ
ݴʷ
鴫صϢУûбĸָˣ嵱Ȼǵãث֮ء
ʥʱᵽ֮ثûþˡ
ʷתתǰѾ˺ܴı仯û뵽ԼһνӴݴʷĸ֣Ȼַʽ
û뵽һثǱᵽݴʷλá
ԼҲһַʽӴˡ
˵˰󶼻ĹְƾثлԶɽػݵĻôڣثѾʧȥеϣ
ݴʷһ۲۵ְ
Ϊ佫ȴְܷҲζثʧȥ˶ɽĻᡣ
Ҳֻ֪̫ʱʥʷȷʵŴ뾩ְ˭Ҳû뵽ǰ̫µʥͻȻ͸ı⣬˵ثʦûʲôְҲˣֱӱᵽݴʷλá
ȸڵҲǻֲ̿ѡ
ثǴƾҪʵȨ̩ɽĴڣ˭뵽ʥʾȻһֲʵķʽ׾;ثˡ
ûоͳ͢󳼡
ث
忪ڵ
ŴѾ򣬾뾩ʦʮյ·̣
ȸ
û˵ֻ΢΢üͷ¶һ˿˼ɫ
ثڵĴǳΣǻؾְģͻȻͱΪݴʷثҲЩʴӣ֪ȥʥȥ
Ұչ⽮ﾩʦ£Ҫȥʥʣȥ顣
ڵʥʰ˲ҪȻҲǰǵʥּˡ
ثԸ߰ڳеĳثŰ󶼻ҲͰˣѶᣬֻһݴʷ֮͢Уλ֮ϵһѣ¼ܶʶثùĸܹ߰
ųϢ˵ӭŴ󶼻ؾŴ˻ؾ֮գҪӷϴΪҴƵսأ
йâһڵ
ү
Ļ˶Ϊ⡣
ث̸̫Ľ飬ʵ϶ثȸ˶ΪүѾ御ˡ
ثôܹ߰ĻҲ䵽ֵزˡ
ثƽڶĳĳܶ˶Ըǣ£һ֮˭Ҳû뵽үǣС
ʱյĵλһųĻȥӭثԼȥһʦ֮У¾ûܽ˻侮ʯԸثˡ
үֻһеĳǿ¾ͻүˡ
ǳһ£˵˳
佫ǱңĵһĹϵͲ̫ãսò׳еĳŸıӡʱȥث˿ʲôʱ
ثڰ󶼻λϣȷʵһЩ˲ݵ飬ĳݵľʹȨ
ԹֻлҲе۹ҴȨҲֻгܹͨ͢۹Ǯңث˽Ǯңĳ̶ֳϣѾͬıˡ
Ϊļɻ䡣
Ϊ飬ڳ֮˾޴ĲеʷһϣֵثеĳҲȫվ˳ʹʥʣͼث󶼻λá
ʱöƸӣɡ߾ɧŲϣͱʥǿѹ£ثҲ⵽ĳʹ
ʱվثп˺ѵǰ֮׵Ǣľ档
ˣ
ҡҡͷһƽ
ǹǹثһΪºͣ覲褣ΪӦõġ
ǣү
ܿʲôһɾ⣬漴ܿ뿪
ʱһζţգ۾ʮʱ䣬ʦ⣬ʱӭһλˡ
ٵӰϡ裬һɫ£ͷϴͷһƥվڹٵ룬žʦǸߴϤĶţɫ꣬˵ĸп
ȥ⣡
ʱپʦʱεȵ緢䣬ĸη֣һŹһܣزȴǺεȵ
ʦ֮УȻӭӵ˶ûУһ̣ث˵
ݴʷ
ϢѾ˾ʦ
佫ְǺεȵ裬һԶս½ƽ֮أǶثɽػݵϣ
Ժĵְĵһ֪ж١١ŶӵŴثļǡ
Ŵˣ
ث꣬лѵʱͻȻ֮䣬һϡʵӳŵķ
¡һ̳Ŵ󿪣ƮչҫһӰŻƽףŸͷĶУӶĳڣ۳Ҷ
ǹ׳һɽֺʥĸоκΪ֮Ŀ
Щŭ׵ʿʿǰӰΪĿ塢λݷǷĴ
ԣ³̫ȡ̽Ԫá뽹ڶ೯еԱ׷վ󣬺塢ǰ
ϴһѾûмث
ǰϸλ󶼻͵ʱ緢°ͬݴսثࡣ
ɫ԰ףҲƣһ㲵ӣȫǵλʹսһ̣ҪΪ׸İ󶼻ث
ݴ󶼻ڴˣӭŴ󶼻
ڴˣӭŴ󶼻
³ӭŴ󶼻
󶼻ִ󽫾֥ӭŴ󶼻
̫ȣӭŴ󶼻
ξۣӭŴ󶼻
뽹飬ӭŴ󶼻

һһ쳹ʦһӭثչԼĪӰ


һǧŰʮ Ҵɽһ
³ȾͲ˵뽹һЩƵԪȫ˵ſӭث
ĻȣҲ֪ôȻһЩĳҲ˵ˣǰӭث
ǰһ̻ڸ̾ůбݣһ̾Ϳǰſںƴӭӳ棬һӭŴ󶼻ثижѡ
лλ
Ŵ󶼻һ·࣬幧ӭٻˡ
ֱͦһǰӭȥ͵һӭǰȥҲǰˡ
лү
ثҲǰһ̧ͷǰλ꣬ثζӡ
ثҲͿڳڶ࣬¹λᣬΪʷû侮ʯͲˣӭӳ档
ǰһУȻѲ˹ϵ
ҶԹʢҪ׸ʱ򣬾үүֹʹγɿգһ뾩ʱλҲͻ
ǵ󣬾ʧʱ򣬷ңλҵӸӦе档
ˣһսΪºպչͣ˵Ŀģأ
忪ڵ̬ǫ͡
ˣΪ¾磬صΪ˽ӷϴ룡
ĻƼͬ
ͣ
ثһյΧУ塢ԼڶƹȨһųڶȥ
塢󶼻ثλһһϣƵ۹̩ɽĴڣڶſڼ䶯ʦҲƵĿ
Ϊһս񣬵۹ȽȽͳ˧ȻѾĴ棬˴ܱĶ֣ʥʵأôֻƾʦȨ󡢰ǰȥӭӿ壬û˵ȥӭʲôˡ
һΣӭثλ󶼻ӣҲλΪ۹º͵ıԪ˧ĺʱõӦе棡
֪˵ҲΪ¶Ӷһݾء

ɢҹ
յ裬̫ʦΣ֮Уثһһңڴ֮С
ʱ˻ΪУ֮һѣϵҲԶû֮ǰš
պкδ㣿
еĲյʵ
İ£ثһдӼ򣬴ݴʷ飬ȵվ׼빬вΰʥʡ
⣬ث°ټϺھʦԲûðʲôҵԽӵԼĸ֮ۡУٱȿջ̹
ʲô㡣
ثЦҡҡͷ
һݴʷԽϷеѪȫĥû뵽ʥʾȻ˶ң
˵ⷬʱثͷ¶һ˿Ŀɬ
ܾ֮ثĶ󣬴Ƕ֮ԱǣϵһԼҲΪеһԱ
һжʥʵҪòѾ£вʣҲˡ
˺α٣ʤ˱ҳ£һ죬˻»ص󶼻λϡ
忪ڵ
Ը˰ɣ
ث˵ţϵĲյһ嵭Ĳ֭ȳ˿ɬҾƵζ
žһƬž
忴һԵثҲɫӣǷϵثɲ뿴ġ
ˣүٵʱ˵Ҫ̣֪ʲô£
²յثͻȻڵ
˻ǵ֮ǰҼĸǷ𣿡
ֱӵԥôڣû뵽ثȴ˴¡
ৣ
ĻثüһҲ΢΢ɫ
ү˵ӣ
Ҽǵ֮ǰʱүعһţү⣬ثףүǷᣬūȻǸˣҲԲ
ɽثпѡ
һݴսҪǺƴһ½ڽȻͬʱͲΪʷˣµԴпܣȫûҲֻһ̍ˣȫû
Լ֮ǰȥп̣޴ثѡ
ĬȻѾԤϣثıֻЩԾث԰ɽѾֻŲôˡ
үˡϷ죬Ϸһ񣬵
̸ɽثʱ֮ǰǷϽȻͬ
֪֮ǰйһЩìܣɷܷţ⺢ҲǴƵĹүһҴƵŹ֮ѾƼݴ󶼻λáδүǺͬΪ˫Я֣ܱҴ̫ƽҲ֮
ǰһϵثζӣ˵ĸо
벻ⲶثĺƭѾֵز
а
ث°ѾǻƽԹ˲ϾʱŴԼͰɽ֮ìܣΪɽԼİ̳һ·
һˣثϣȻƽϣǰɽ
ǰŲɵثмЩͬ飬Щŭ
ɽ˱ɱ
ˣһ붼Ʒһ¡
ͻȻڵ
һ˵һƣңңһ㣬ھ벻Զĵطǽһֿһľ˳С
үʲô
ץסǰɫ˹ثһȻ
ΪʲôҪ̣û뵽ȻǸӹţ
˿ˣ
ƺ֪ثʲôҡҡͷڵ
ثüʶҪܾĿӹһӡǣͻȻƤһ·һ
ǡɽͼô
ثӹᣬӦ˵ɽͼİᣬдΪ⡣
ΪݵĴ󶼻ثһ۾ϳղؽҪǣ˾
Űᣬڴʳʵķʱѵġ
忪ڵ
ôܣ
ثĲš
ݵôܵȥ
ثӦҲóᣬثô򵥡
˻ţﻹһź;һֽ
Ҳָ꣬һͼ߿ֽ˹ȥ
˻дǴʳģǾ׾дʳʵ۹﷢ģ
ǣδ֮ʳ
˵ţƳ˶ثһۡ
ˣ
ȻĻث¶һ˿𺳵ɫ
˶ݵؽָƣ֪⾴׾˭𣿡
嵭
棬ثɲ
ܣ
ثдʱΨһ뷨
ɽ
һλʿյĴ˻˺͸˰ɽ
ثŰɽʹʳ˹ᣬŻΪλڴʳ
үǲʲô᣿
ثڵ
һš
ǸӣѹһЩݵλĺ˵ţҪ˵ʮǧĴʳʵ۹﷢Ǿŵģ
ǸӲô͡


һǧŰʮ Ҵɽ
ˣ²һʱڴʳ֮У֮⣬³ͬ޴󽫾˼󽫾֥˶ˣǧȷܳ
ƽ
ܣܡ
ث𾪣һԽܡ
̾Ϣһ֪ثɽѾãһʱᣬƾһŰᣬһдŴʳֵֽ˵ıйӡǾܵġ
ʵϣثǰ׼ҲϵһĻ
˵󶼻ɼݴսʱԲڴŻᱻԨã֪ôˣ

лүģ֪ү˼飬ȷʵū޹ء
ϷʮӾһգߵĵزƾһδκηƴųɹκйʱ̫ƴవ½մ
ثп
뵱Ǻε緢۹ʥ⣬˱̫ٱãثҲΪԼ˶٣ϵһز
󶼻
ҡҡͷһ㶼⣬ث䡣
Ϸʮߡ
ثɫһͣһ˿ɫ⻰ʵЩͻثǱԼ䡣
£Ƶ۹֪أҲûʲôġ
ʮߣֵͣ׳ʱ򣬶˲ãⰵһ㣿游Źĳ䣬󶼻ҲʮŰ㱬ùڹ죬̫˵𣿡
嵭
⡭
ثһʱ˵
ñҴ󽫾ΪȻϻȲһĳ
ڵƷҲǲʵ
飬Ҳ
ثͣ
ش˵һɣǱǸ߾۹ԨģҲֻж
αݣʵ̫ˣϷԲãͻʦϷʱƪϭģҲΪж˶ĿõֶΡ
ԨĴ˽ƻթıڶ࣬չҴ֮Уһ죬ϷҪɱⲡ
ף֮Իнճ裬ǰԨͣثеķŭɱ֪
üͷֻ뽫ثעɽϣû뵽ثɼȻ뵽Ԩģ뵽˴ǲһ̾
ثѰɽ̫ˣҲ̫ȵһԼ࣬ث֪ηŭ
žž
岻ٶ˵ֻƣһ̣䣬Ŵ򿪣ѹһӰ߽

ѹˣث¶ȣ
ʲô
ѹˣǱˣڰһŮǰʦͻȻʱִ٣ثͰݵİûдһС
ûпڣָֻһһƺָû밲ڣֻƬ̣һŮ̧ͷɫȴ΢΢Щͣ·һ㡣
ǱȫƵı֡
߶ˣÿĲʲô
ûثֱӿŵŮ
ңҲ֪ҵ¡˧ģ
֣һ
䣡
ثԭ壬Щŭ𣬻Լһ仰৵һ±ɫ
˵ʲô
ثмһ˿
󶼻Ҳǹģ˧˧ץҵĸĸвңҪÿĲˮһЩɫĩЩ޹أĲǹҪ󶼻İ
ţҪ޳ˣ޵ؽû˲ثη̶Զ֮ϡ
ⷬث˲ʧȥ򶨡
ˣ˵ҲҵĴֻᵽСİɽ¶ȴû⣬ûڷ¶ڲﶯֽš
ƽ
Ƿֻɽ˺ܾʱȷĿꡣ
ˣˡֱԣǰ˶֣ҩֽ˾ڲζӦòİɣ
˵ţָһ㽫֪ʲôʱȡģһֽϣһƣثǰ
ثɫӲƬ̣Ǹֽոմ򿪣һϤζ˱Ƕ
˲Ϣ䣬ثѿޱȡ
ثŮɫΨϲ裬ʱϰߣһֱڣҲΪ֮ѵķɷʽ
սҵʱثҲһ裬
鴫֮ڵ۹ѳΪ̸ҲΪثʵԡ
ثµʿ˵˧˷ɣҲĴǣʿҲӸ߰Ҳٳثս޲ʤĴ˵ô⻹⣬ثϰ߱
Ǹֽһ򿪣ثųǰɽ׸ġ衱˼ս֮˵Ǵԭͻʵ۹ս֮ɽɽϲժϡ١
ֲһζ͸ζثȹαϲֲ衣
ܣܵģɽôĵӣ֮ǰҲþе׽ūȹΪǺȹû£Ҳš
ث˵뵽ʲô촽ţʱ˵
һ֪̾ثϾ˳ᢣͨ񣬻Ƿе⡣
е׽ūǺˣ඼ʮ꣬ûоսûаǺȥȻȻΨأܹշڰ
ث˵㽫仰˵
һƬţѹޱȡ
ع̫ʦϣйâ˸һ˫ȭͷֽɣȻ˽ս˾޴ì뻳֮С
״г̾һ
عĴǣȷ֤ǰܶ飬Ѿܹ뵽һˣֻɽαװ̫Ѿٹ̣ع˻ɣһʱ֮ҲԽܡ
νɣﻹ׼һЩ
ʱٶȿˣ
˾ͨ߾ͶͻֻҪһ֪ˡ
˵ţȡ׼õĶ˹ȥ
ϸȥǺȻţŷֱһ߾żͶͻʺż㡣
ثĬãڴţֻǿһۣثɫʱѿޱȡ
ڶţث
һǺò״趼ǽػ񣬶˺ԨĽֶ꣬ӦϵּдŴһģ沿̸˫ˡӦòµӦ˭
忴ث̾ϢһЩ
һţ±붫ͻʺ֮нػģŴҪĻһԴɡṩŴͬźŴˣ㵽ڻ֮սͷβǰɽԨģԼɡͻʺݵһϷ
֧ɶҹϮ߾СֶӣǰɽɳıֻǴΪưˣ֧սϣ֧ͻɰɽʱĺ˲ӣΪһȺαɢ£ôѵأԨ¾𣿶ˣ˵ˣ˻֪ɣ߾ûʲôνĹ֮սǰ£ԨʱһŮˣ
嵭
䣡
һ䣬·һ£ثһ仰˵
һϯһ׶ĴԺ֮С


һǧŰʮ ثѪ
һɲǣ֮սǰǰеһУ縡ӰһԺѸٻ
ڤڤУثǳս
һսԨԳֵʱ򣬶սΣʱȺʱļĺ绢һ㣬ܲսսͣǿ󣬶ҹ죬һһķʽ˺Ԩĵоߣǳս
º룬սʱųһĶУұ˴֮Ҳϣһѷӵϣ·ں֮ڡ
ȻɽҲ⡱ᵽ뺷Ϊشǿĺˣѧϰս
ث꣬ݺʲô֪ܲ
ЩεڱشԭϵĺˣǽҪѧϰ˵ıսԼ֮Ͳܡ̣ثʱǿɭǲпĳͷƶȣثž£һȺ񲻻ĺˣѵƵİ
ЩһȾϣثܵѹݼʮ꣬޲ɵ
Щʵ⣬ֻǵʱսոսЩ¾޴ͣثֲû˼ˡ
ֹˣϸ죬ɵԶֹЩ
֮սȻԲڴΪս޲ʤĵ۹سս߽սõ̩ɽثǻۺͱָڵġ
ԨĴѹǵʱսʱǵһʱͲȡȷĲԣһϵеԼЩ˵ѾȫǺһļ򵥣㰵ҲܵӰ졣
۱սߣԨĸһġ
ⳡսثӦԺ;߶ûκ⣬ΨսִеʱЩԾ֪ô£ȻһжѭķӦʼ˼֣ĳЩطķȫûɵı󰲶ѹƣѸ뼫Ȳľء
ʱʱ򲻾ãʱϸ죬βף
ָ⣬ҲǾӵķӦ˰ģǾڴһʼݺ
쵰
ث뵽˴ֻһŭѪģʹѼ
ΪɽĹǸ̬䣬˷Цĺⲻ֪ͷβƲĺŪڹ֮С
һӪݣòײŴڵİȻѪȴɽһ
ɺ޵ǣɽô꣬ôңȻƭԼټ˴󶼻
ɺޣɺޣǿɺް
ثͷ˵ɺޣ˵۵һͻȻһѪ֮ߡ
ˣ
忴һĻҲһæƹȥһѷסثͬʱһɻע뵽ڡ
ӣӣӣϷɱ㲻ɣ
һث촽죬Ѽ
ثѸκ˷û뵽մ㾹ģȻһӣƲĺˣϷŪˣ
Խܱݣ̍ȫûҲܹܱݣʦЩյĵ˳ЦΩ޷ܱԼµһСϷŪ
ֱܴ裡
ϢŭΪ˼ߴˣﵽλãĻǣͼıѾáѳɣ͢ҲѾȥʲôѾˡ
һ԰ο
ҸߴЩֻϣ飬ٱڹҪԸǵҪͼҵ鱨ݰ޽ʮе⣬˽ٻļ˶ʮѵһ֧ǧ˵ҷӣ⣬ϵͻʵ۹߾۹ǱΪ飬๴ᣬѾڶγһɼǼ򵥵Ϳ԰⵹ġ
Ȼõ˶ͻʣ߾۹ͨ飬ȴʼûҵԨĺͶͻʵ飬ټϳøӣ˵ЩʲôҲʥʸı⣡

ž
ޱȵļž
ث԰ɫ½󶶶֮˲Ϣӹͷзߺޣвʣ״ĳ衣ǰث޲ھɱݣǺӶһƽΣԽͷ֮ޡ
ثϾǵ۹Ĵ󶼻ʮսаܼĴڣڼȵķŭث¶ԼΪ۵ıɫܿ侲
үϷ㣬㣬ϷڻڹΪϷͬһģϷվͬһߡ룬ɷϷˡ
ثʱԵ壬ζӣٸн
ˡ
ҡҡͷҲǸпѡ
ثлģҲطչˣֻϧԼһٵثȫˣΪĹţ˵ԸŵΪʰĵز
ثΪһҲɽһС裬ֻ˵ʲôˡ
үݶثģϷضرǺϷȥ֮󣬱ضǱˣձضʬΣ
ثбɱ
Ǻˣث취ɱⲣкĿ֮䡣
û˵ثⷬӦҲԤ֮У彫뵽УҲֻǸࡣ
ҪԸɽĻòŵȴôʱ䡣
忪ڵ
ثɫȻʶ̧ͷ塣
Ǻǣǡöһҽڶϵƣ档
΢΢Ц
һֱڹ۲ثոһѪ³ثڱҵϢ˳࣬ñʩչ֮ʯѪ
һ̣û˿ԥҲûкثĽͣ˲䷢֮ʯѪ

ϲѪɹ
֪ã֮ʯ𣬺ث͵ĳһ̧ͷԭ԰׵ϣʱһ˿Ѫɫ
ҹɫثڴмƣܿ뿪ˡ

뿪ʱӿͬһʱ䣬֮ʯϤԺ
ϲ֧ȴҪثı˱粿ʷ򣬽10000㣡
ڳɹˣ
֮ʯгһ
ԭʷУثյģսܣټϱΪʷث˵ȫܹܵģΪᣬ޷磽⣬ټϵİŵһۣš
˵Ҳһ޴ʧ
ثѾ࣬еĲ־Ҳȫҵ֢ᣬȻɱݣδȴѾɹѪˣͬʱеĿ꣬͸ŭ
һѾϱӽȻͬثٶҲֻǳ顣
ǿĵ۹󽫣ǲʹġ



һǧŰʮ ޵ľ
߳ʱͬʱңԶݡ

ҹɫ֮У񶯣ֻŸ뻮գѸŰɽϲȥɽͷӶȥ
ʱ˿̣ɽϣ´£Ӱվ£ǰɽˡ
ثɹ˰󶼻λãڵİɽ˵ǴɹˣɽȴثͬϲȨİУϲɽͷԭ
ڴǬӵˣֻҪɽǾͳվɽۣǹĵġ
գ
һȺɽ۷羰ʱͻȻ֮䣬һ󼱴ٵĽŲӺ󷽴һͷҴҵ
ôˣǸǴ󶼻Ϣ𣿡
ɽ˫֣ͷҲûص
ثݴʷԾݴ󶼻󽫾̸ʿݸߵӭӣѴ£ɽȻԶݣȴҲ֪ͬ
ʵϣث뿪ǿһһļ֮УλƾһҲͬʱעҪĿꡣ
һʱ˵Ļ棬Ѵ÷з
ǣ
Ԥϣ󷽣ׯӹţֻǿһۣҡҡͷɫ˲٣
ˣˣ
ô£
ⷬɽɫһ䣬Ťͷ
ʲôˣҲǸɴһЩɵ𣿡
еҪҲث߸ŮثǳΣҲϰŮź򣬰ɽͨ˰ܳɹثĲ¶
ثֻҪûΣɽͲ׽ثѵִﾩʦҲͰ´Ծ󻼡
ׯȴ˵ˣ
ʲô˼
˵©ǵȷʵѾȥԸˣŮȴеĽƻȻǰһث٣˵Ƿϼңǵ˺ܿ׷ٹȥȴѲӰѾȫҲûҵټ
ׯͷ߲ѡ
ֻһ޸֮΢СԸҲһ£ûжѶȿԣ԰ɽͽ齻ϵ©
ɽϣӿȴȻ
ȻǸСУȴҪãһŪã׳־޴
ˣû⣬Ƿֻɽġ
ʱһԵĸпˡ
һ仰˵˷׷ɫ䣬˹
ֻһСŮӶѣĳǲĸĸУܸܡݵؽôһŮӣôܴͣѣ⣬λˡ
ƶ
еĻɲǼ䣬˵ɫѿޱȣرǰɽɫǺڵĹһ㡣
ƣɽɵľ壡
ǸһһֱԼ֮ǰʱɳ̽Լе⣬ҷӣԼ͸ʳʵ۹﷢İԼдСδֽ֮ȫС
ԨĹᣬǰжⳡݴսǸһҲĪĹϵ
ؼŮУرǿǵثɽʱһľȲĸо
ҪĵĻֻڼʱǰͻʺ߾ԼɺǱ߶ϢǱҲַֻɽټ
ʱһòŹ֣üĵĺϻһüȻ֮ǰӵɺİޡ
֮ǰţͯ¼ʱݺث޺ԿӵɺɽȡثΪˣеĽʿҲ˵ƿ֮У޺ԿȻҲûɡ
ɲʲôϢǻǸµĳѾ뵽˶ͻʣ߾ɣУǼطɲ߽䱸ɭϣЩľʦλѾ֪ǺͶͻʣɣԼ߾֮Ĺϵ
һԵԿҲŵ
ʱ䣬սľΪηثֹɺΧĵشȫһ飬һطöҲΪˣ⼸طһЩ˽⡣
ͻʡɡ߾⼸طȻǿʢϢ©ĺܣǵľʵȫȣĳ̶ֳϣûָ
ǵıֳʶƺѹԵʵսѹ֡
̶ֳȵ֪ͷסʦλ̽
һԷסʲô֤ݣ룬ֻ֮Ϊʸ֮أ
쵰
ɽʱҲɫѿԿ޻ֻǲ²⣬ɽȴ֪һǳǸȥķĻޱڣαɳֻɽ龫
ɡͻʺ߾Ǳߣ˵Ѿй鱨
ֻҪ뵽㣬ɽƤڤڤиоһϢѹͺʲô泯ѹһ㡣
ȻޣѹȴӰΣֻҪǸڣһ춼İ
صǣǱǷõϣʱǹв
ʱһ𣬸ͻȻˣ˵ĲƶҪ򶨵öࣺ
߾ͶͻʺǱߣ׼е飬Һׯʣִʣ⣬ҲȺԨˣ˴ݵ˽¡ܶݣⰵŴ棬Ǹû˿ö
߾ͶͻʺǱߣʦλǺźҲûκ塣ʱʥѯֻ˵Ϊ㣬ڴսдݻǵĲӣԨĺɡǱݺֵţʥʺͳ͢ǱߣҲܰôѯǸʵźˣʱǷɷһң˷Ը
Ŀ䣬ǣƺԤϵһУ¶˳ᢣʱа˲١
ߴ˵еֻҪûƾʵݣʦλҲһκβǡңǾӪôãϣþǣ
ʱһԵĴǬҲˡ
Ŀ絶һ㣬ͬʱ΢΢һ̤䣬һɰľڱɲǼ䣬ɽʱŤԶԶȥһƬģޱȡ
ʵһ̵ĴǬѴﵽʥ۷壬ȫѷɫκεĵ۹󽫡
䣡䣡
ͬʱԶǬ桢õҲ𶯣ͬһ춯صľ籩ϯء
ܴǬӣǬ桢ãһһţ֣
ΪɽĹϵȫǵ͵ԣڳޣ۹û֪ǣʵϣʵǬӵ˺ǰͿԼƽ֮ˣڣӵʶ󽫵ʵ
һ㣬ССһޣѾ൱һСˣ
ģҵ
Ǭ桢õһ


һǧŰٰʮ ߵ½չ
һĻһԵĸ΢ɲĵ˵ͷɽǱǱǴδǱԨ֮ʱؽ໤ǬӡǬ˾Ľǡ
Ҳ֤ɽ˵Ķ
ֻЩڣڲʶԭ
ɴ⣬ˣǶıվǿСĽɫȻ°˰δضиһĶǺòߵһвɳʲô©Ϊҹζ࣬ǿҪӿжˣֻҪΪİ󶼻ſɸǡ
е
ȻعƼɽˡ󶼻ֻҪһ֣ζǲȷģʱģֻҪ͢ɿɸ󶼻
ʱһѪ׷ˡ
ֻҪ˳ʱ˭Ҳֹˣ
ҲͷҲͬ뷨
ţ
ɽ˵ͷ
Ͱ˵˼ȥɡ⣬쵰һ죬ҪʬΣ
ɽңԶޣŴƾʦķһȴû˵

عܿ뿪ʦǰݸȥˡ
Ƹ߾۹ɡһвĹ֮۹ʱƽƽı֮䣬ȴǰӿɳ̽ӣ糱ˮһ̶ȥӿ޺ͶӿѼɽı֤ݵж
ÿһնдϢ͵ʦ
һߣɽҲ߾裬صأֹ֣ˣڸСׯ£ټϴǬӵ˿Ƶľϣ޵شҲӽ˶ԷֻɽΧˡ
˫֮以
ʮ鷿֮УĶѻɽż㣬Ķ㰲أȪ˷صú̿ƻӦ֮صƽ͸ʳ͵ˣܶҪþ
ĻԽԽ࣬ʱѾʾݸصĴʷѲԼشĴ󶼻󽫾ʩѹҪؼӿȣŮȫȥˡ
ֹˣֽӽʮλԱᣬұصĵصҲһںӶһڽϵһȫƾʹλϲá
Ļ¸ǲ
͢ڼ취ӻگһжҪͷеĸϵһУֻõ
⣬ʦ˽Ѿųȥܹ˵ʲô˶ýŮӣڡʥʡǰͶȡɣΥش
Ǿǳ岻Ϻ͡ʥʡֱӶԿһ޲ҲС˺»ᡣ
ѡػصķʽмĻƾٶ۹ɵ˺
Щǳ飬Ҫȥ
ү
鷿һƬžĵ͸źʱͻȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲС

ͷûָֻ̧һһ鷿򿪡
ȸϤûпѾˡ
үǱߵжнչˣ
ȸһ˷ܣżѸǰϥµͬʱһľи߸߾
ʲô
΢΢üͷĿȴǰźϡ
ˣǱ߳ɹϮһҷӵսʿһֱۣүĿ
ȸ
仰̧ͷ¶𶯵ɫ
ǧҷӣ
ǰɽҪսʱɱ޴رǹǶǳҹսޱȣҲע⡣
֪֪˲ܰսʤҲɳֻɽ̽ҷӵһҪԭ
ùҿ

ǣү
ȸǰܿ콫еĳľе˹ȥ
Ҳûж룬ʶֱۣץľУָľеɲǣͻ
䣡
Ժһͬһʱ䣬֮ʯǺԺ
ע⣡¼߻׶Σռĩ֮ף
ˣ
𣬺֮ǰȻͬ
˲ָֻžһ죬ľ֧飬ͬһʱ䣬ľеĶҲŵС
һر೤ӽһߵֱۣı΢΢ڣȻԿһЩļ֯Ƥڴ֮£оȴһ˿ϤģõģаĳԵϢ
ߣ
͵۾Ŀ¶һ˿𶯵ɫ
û뵽һַʽӴߣһǺͰɽǿҷϵһ
ô£ƽٻûʼҲû򿪣ѵɽôѾ߹һ𣿡
ץסֱֻۣ췭ظɲ
Ըоһضϱ֮Уһ˿˿ʴģԵ͸ֱۣԼ͸ȴȫԼ赲⡣
ⲻһνӴߣڹºնǵĹžʥż֮УҲֹʬЩʬֻݹǶѣеѪȫеҲȫɢֻһЩͨĹʶѡ
ǰĳֵĲۼǰڶϱǽȻͬģ⻹һνӴӵлԵ֫塣
Щ͸ĸʴԶصķʽһ𺳵Ϣ
Щߣڱƽ磬ĳ̶ֳѾٵ
һɲгģоһǿѹ
ǰȸҲסˣҲû뵽һҷӵĶϱۣȻүôķӦ
⵽ʲôҷӵʲô
ȸҲܵ𶯡
ôãҲǵһο¶𺳵ɫҪ֮ս
岻˵ȸҲҶʡ
鷿֮оĵģֻĳ
֮ܿһ˿
ԣⲢǴߣ
еĶϱۣ΢΢üͷ
һӣս̫ˣǵĸʣòϤˡ
һضϱȻŨߵϢȴԵĲͬȫãܱӵôԵ֯ṹ
ĸоڶϱۣĳߵĴڣ߿ԳΪ˰ߡ
⵽ô£ɽӺδΪʲôְ˰ߵ״̬
Ѿȫ԰ǧҷ֪Ҳ״δǳݶҵжϡ
ңɽھͺϵôʾȫͬ
ΣѾµı仯
ȥӴݵشĴ̽ûҵϽҷӷͻ
ɫأͻȻڵ
ȸԣΪ⡣
⻹һηϽҷӷͻܿ죬ȸͻع
ǣү
ȸܿ˳ȥ
鷿ڣǽضϱۣ˼


һǧŰٰʮһ ݣѸ£
ӥ
ͻȻˡ
ڣ
䣬ӥ˲鷿
ߵȥһݣ齻ǡ

ԴһУӵص״޶ڳһص֮󣬵һֱߣ֮⣬Ҳļ˲еǿߣȫ͵һ顣
Ƿǳһ֧жӡ
ҷӵԼߵ飬ͨľʵδǵĲӲͬ飬֧Ĳȫ
ǣү
ӥͷԥ
ȸѾɣܶӥٲ֣ȫȥӥ߶ǸһЩѶȼ
ӥ뿪֮󲻾ãһֻצŽ𻷣ֻ¼ʱŻֵӥӣϡ
ż㣬ֻǿһۣৣ˲ɫ

䣡
֮һϢƣҲ硣
ݵؽ磬δ󶼻ɽŴսЪ߾к׼ʱ򣬷Ը߾ı֮սʤʮĸ߾˰ҳǡгǵ߾ı
ثʱԸ߾νΩҳǡгսصأԨľӪù籤ݣثΣΪسǸǽ飬ʧ˲ٱ˺Ը߾жҲʹֹͣ
һΣɽİܸ߾ȡǰδеʤ״ݻ˸߾̵ϡ
һʷǰĴʤȡ塱ܱԨЩ˵ж˱չʾ˴磬Ҳݵؽġ
ã̫ˣɽǸ޳ˣ޲Ÿշ󶼻ʹԨģثû飬ôһϲȻ޵أ
ʱ˿̣̫УյϢʥʡ˵Цմá
Ǹ쵰һӣʳΪͳʹУҲͬ
ǸֺĺŸոϴ󶼻λþͻԨģǣһٳԽثϳδʱգȻܳΪµս˿ѷĴڡ
£ɽ˫ȫǺ鸣죬Ҳ֤˱ʶ֮ܣҲÿɫڳһҶˣ
ʱһ𣬴ԳͻȻ˵ˡ
ԳĻʥʡɫ䣬ɫޱȡ
ڳ⣬Ѿ谭̫ƽ¥ѡ㣬Լи飬Ҫһ֣ûȷʵ֤ݣ֪һ塣
ӣӵ£ȻһӰг⣬ֱд
泼ԽԽ޷ˣ
ʥʡɫĿ¶׹⡣
ްثᵽݣȻΥ⣬ثܾ֮ӷϴӵ֮ۡУǻ޷𣿣
Լڶٹӭث飬˾֪ͬҲ˹ʱ̫ŭˤһʱĶ
£ǸӼȥˣζʤһҪͰɽ壬Ҳ֪Ӣ䣬û壬Ҳһص̫ƽ壡
ԳһͼӴ׵
ͣȻҪͣȥ飬ʽⰲɽΪ󶼻˴δѸ£Ҫ˲֪˲
ʥʡݺݵ
ֹˣζݣ޻Ҫᣡ
ȥһºھʦҪƵǿ󣬿޵ĵ۹
й󽫡Žڶ佫ԼݸĴʷѲμӴ磡
ɽҲʦҪ
񲿣磬Ҫ챮Ҫˣú֪޵Ĺ

̶ʱڣʥʡһϵ
ǣ£
Գϲ߳Ѹȥ

Ƭ֮һֻŸڿնݶȥ
˻ʹԳһбɲȥԼظۡһ̣âһһӰبǰ
Դˣү룡
ɫֱӰĵϡ
ৣ
仰Գɫ䣬ϸ룬תŻʹķȥ
Ȼ󷽹âһһӰض·ͬһʱ䣬ҲӰＷ

Գɫţԥź󷽹ŴĽȣǹŴһ׽ȴƲͷͺȫû
ԳʲôɫʱòҰޱȡ
ԴˣǲҪүõȣɣ
ʱһװ˹ɫ
Գ̫ˣ˵ܾã뿪
ʦʮүȻûô͵үڽеƺƼǴ´࣬οֵ壬н֪үһû˽ģƲȥ
Գɸã˵ĿУʲԸĵ

Լʱ֮Գɥ·ܵ޴ľһ㣬뿪
󷽣ǡˣվĬĬעλԱ뿪
ү˾ǸͶȡɵСˣľôŹ𣿡
ǵ
ԳˣͶңˣƻʥʡҰŪǷǣ֪ǳ˶鷳Ϊʦв֪ҪЧ£ʥʡˣ˰ƨɡ
ϧ
ȥɣ
忴һ
СҲС˵;һ͹ˣһʹûҲ˳֣⡭ðɽδزǺ¡
˵һ䣬Ŀӹһ˿ѩĹâ
Գʲô֮ˣһ壬ʣһԽ飬Լɽ飬ǰǰȫԼ˳
ǵһߣ޲ɵˣһƽ
ݣɽ߾°ҳǡгǵǳ֮Ѿѳɣһİ󶼻˳֮ݵؽĵ̣嶼ûа취֡
ɽ뾩ʦôһоȫͬ٣岻Ƕ޲ߡ
ɽѾûˣҡڴ
尵
̧ͷһգ˷۶
ˡ

ɹˣոյԳϢʥԶΪ׼ᣬҲ֮С
֮󣬶ݣпż㣬תͷİɽ
ڳɹ𣿡
ɽԣһϢиǱҰġ


һǧŰٰʮ գȡ
ʦѨ֮أҲǸ˵ĵ̣գҪȥ𣿡
󣬴ǬͻȻڵɫǵǡ
ǰԶݣǸˣҲ޷֣˾ʦһоȫͬΪ˴̽ʵʵڲֵãϣ˼
ԶǬҲǵǵ
䣬ʥʺǰˣⷽѾдϢݡ
ǰɽȴԶԶҪδж֮ǰ뾩̽ʵ̽۶ǬӵȰ˺üΣҲûı⣬˺ǵǡ
ڴǬӵ˿ȻѾݣʱǺƿƾȣʵԵ
ɽ뾩ʵ̫ðգȡ
ǲȰˣ˾ʦһҪȥҡҲзȥɵɣ
ɽˣɫᶨ
˵һ䣬ɽӹһ˿˵Ĺâ
λصģʥ٣½֪ʦеλҶ֣ð֮Υǵ۹Ȩ󶼻ǰݽȻͬһλܸ㶯֣ôԽɱһλ͢ķ⽮
пڵ
ǬӺǬԶҡҡͷмûۼ壬϶ִͨԼݴ̺Ĵ֪̽жô¡
νȨ͹򣬶ûá
վʦ֮У廹ԶûгֻǾʦһС竣͸Ҵث棬ǿдɱɽӲɵ˰ʷǡɡ
ʱһĻӡԺ¼µӰ죬Ҳ˴˺ٳƺ屾Ǵơʦһλԭ֮һ
˾ʦ֮УȻʥʵگһλĻǵʥּ治һá
ˣУһҲ޷Һҵġ
ɽͻȻڵ
⡭
ԥһ£һɻĴǬӺǬ棬˵˳
ǰʦһҪԭ򣬡йأ
䣡
Ȼ仰ǬӺǬ͵۾

֣֮ǰδš
ʵҲʲôܣ·ʱ¾δ֮˴ˣδܹڵ֮ڣͻײ΢Ч
ֹԼپ˥䣬ԴӾĻʵ͵ȡǿͬҲܽˣֻ˥䣬ݲлɳˣ𣡡
е
ǬӺǬȫסˡ
˵Ѿȫ佫óսɱͱս֮˵δš
ңļһ͵ȡ
ʼվЩ˼
ֻһЦ֮˵ۼɽӣʲôΪඥҲš
Ҳˣżкܶ뷨
֮˵Ǹдһ϶
з޲ܵʵ۵ѹƣ׷ɱҪ¾棬ܣݹ۹Ŵ黹ûз
ǰɽͬΪδӣûܵʥʵĲ¼ɺ׷ɱܵʥأͣ˳˷⽮
ҹֻ΢磬ǧѷĻᣬˣҲҹĶɽǰʦһС
ȡˣȻǼ򵥵ļһ͹ˣЩȴûбҪޡλϸ͡
λصģһУаšʦ֮ȻأδҪΪδ֮һξڱС
пڵ
ǬӡǬ滹˵ʲôǺܿͱɽˣ
ˣֻǸ飬ĻңǰʦѾǾͲض˵ˣ
ɽն
ǣ
ɽڣڲٶ˵ͷ
ǬӡǬ˺ܿ˳ȥںֻܿʣ°ɽ͸жˡ
Уξʦ֮оͽˣúðš
ɽڵ
ǣ
Ӧһͷ
ɽ˵ͷܿ뿪˴⣬һӰš
ҵ𣿡
ɽڵ
شˣѾҵˣڴԭʥɽ£һжѾźˡ
˹
ɽӹһ˿ӵɫܿ뿪һƥ׼õĸͷѸȥֻƬ̣ʧӰ١

ʱţգ֮һȥ
ҹããԭϣľһΰɽʹԶԶȥѹѹһƬ̶ͬףơ
ɽ
ǰɽͣͻ˵ʥɽ֮һҲǰɽֵ
ǰͻʺڣͻʴԭֻһͻʵ۹ʱɽǵʱ֮ĵһʥɽҲս֮ɽ
ֻǺͻû䣬۹ѣͻʺΪԼͳԸʥɽͻʵ۹ɽΪʥɽͻʺԶɽΪʥɽԭս֮ɽɴ˽û䡣
ʱԶԶȥɽһƬڰֻǵҫɽҲһЩһЩͻʽػûʥɽ
ֻǾˣǰɽɽԼɽȣȫͬն
ɽֻԶԶһۣܿ췭һһСɵģӵͭԲƣɽܿ쳯ɽ϶ȥ
ɽһƬףɽ߹ȥûжԶͻȻӰӰǰ
վס뿪İˣ
ⲻĵطϽ뿪
϶źɫӣźɫзһͳ˻ƣв˻˵ĸо㤡
ĪҮꡣ
ɽͳһΣǹӵԲѸǰһ¡
ԭǡĪҮѾǰˣ
˿ͭԲƶɫһһæϥ¹һɫޱȡ
һ䣬˺ܿתŰɽԶȥ
ˣ˾棬ɣ
˰ɽһ޴Ӫǰϥ£ɫηǰ
ĪҮ꣬Ǻ˼Ǽ룬һ߼𣬾Ů˾ǰǸӣ˲ȥǵȴڲǿԴġ
Ӫ⣬һƬͨһ޴ȼţһɫģӰͶ䵽Ӫϡ
ɽվɫӣĬƬ̣һܿƿӪ˽ȥ
ӪһƬš
ɽ߽ȥһۿľһ޴ģԾĻ̡
ǰһ޴İɫţͷţͷеƤⶼѾˣֻһɭɭͷǡ
۶ӪڵķҲ߽İɽһ˵ĹС
ɽĿⲨһ£ܿԽţǺͻ裬˾޴Ӫʺ󷽵ǵӰ
˱ŰɽͣһţȻһĺۣ˿С
֮أǹؼʱ򣬵ǰɽȴеһУִ֣жûиߣңԶɽ˵ĸоޱȡ
ǰɽȴ֪ΪҪ


һǧŰٰʮ ֮գ
㡭
ɽвĬ˺ܾãʳǾ仰
ҵĸ𣿡
Űɽ仰Ӫڵնʱ
Ϊδ֮δǸ֯еġ֮ӡǬӵеɽһֱչ¶Լδ̲ƵҰġ
ɽһֱһССģ˽ԸǾҵԼĸס
СΨһ֤ݵģСʱڲϵġͭԲ̡ɽ֣Լһšʱһٴγǰĺֽ
ЩɽһֱղأҲš
ҲͼȥԼһһΣȫεʧ֮Լˡ
û뵽ڼ֮ǰͻȻ˴桰ͭԲ̡·ӡֻֽһ仰
ʱѵɽ
һ̣еļ䶼𣬰ɽҲ֮ٴβ
ӪﾲĵģɽǰǵһŵӰڴ
֮ӡûĸף
֪˶ãһƬž֮УӪͻȻһ˻ƶӣͺĥһ㣬һޱȵĲϣ˵
ɽʱüͷȻеĲʣŵ
ʲô˼
ٺٺ٣˵Ķӣս˼Ѫĸף
ǵӰһЦҹɰɭЦУת

ǰɽѾ׼ǵӰҲɻŵý
ǵӰĿϣƤһƣȻһ߰ʮ꣬ɭɲ̫š
˵ǣ˫ۣȻӪʿڰɭɭţһ㣬ֻۿԭӦ۾ĵطᣬֲޱȡ
㣬ҵĸף
ɽʿˮɬ
Ȼ׼ȴҲûԼĸ׾Ȼһ߰ʮ̫š
֮ô뷨ֻһûõ̫ţôӵĸףֻĪҮϵİˡ
ǲϵŹЦ
ҵĸأ
ɽʱüͷ
֮ǰҲ˵ĪҮţһֱǰľԼĸףȻǣ
ٺ٣ȻģȴǼʱ򡣡
ǲϵŵ
ʱԼҵʲô
ɽԣ۾һУҲ˲٣ո뿪ʱǹɼʱ˲٣жЩصĽͽʱȤ
ٺ٣ȻĪҮ꣬ȴԸ֪Ķ⣬ȵʹɵ죬Ȼˡ
ϵŹЦ
ɽĬԾĻӳֺϣһƬƬİһɲû֪ɽʲô
ΪʲôҪңΪʲôҪô֮ٴϵң
ɽڿڵ
ǰţ䲻ϲԷȴԼҵĸΨһҪǡǰǲʳǸѾõ⡣
֪𰸣
ٺ٣Ȼ֪ľ𣿡
ŹЦۿſһ˵ĵطޱȣȻֻƬ̣ű˵˴𰸣
еһУİţҪˣôƵ۹İ󶼻ôܹݣص֮ɽ
ľӴ𣿡
ɽüͷ壬ȴûзⲢҪĴ𰸣ȷȷʵʵǾһУȷʵﲻĵλ
ո˵ʹʲôʲôʹ
ɽ

ͻȻЦֻһ˲еЦȫȥһɫ
Щ㲻Ѿ֪𣿡
ɽüͷ漴ƺ뵽ʲô¶˳˼ɫȴû׷ʡ
Ȼ֣ǰҽйʲôûʲô飬뿪ˡ
ɽָܿƽ
Ȼ޷õҪĴ𰸣Ҳٶ
ٺ٣ӹȻԭ򡣡
죬Цŵ
ĪҮѾ㵽һΣճ֣û⣬ھӦҪԶ㣬뿪ɡ
ৣ
ɽԭѾתţ̤һ仰һͣ˽Ų
ǾûˡĪҮ˵һĴУóóȻĹȥɲ֮١ĪҮ׼һ˵⽫кܴİ
ҲûӣһֻݵģƤͬצ̽УóʱѾһͭɫĽԲ
ɽֻǿһۣʱƤһǽԲͼڰĺɫ·Բһһ΢⣬ҹɫ֮Уޱȡ
֪ܲʲôǰɽܸоһصĸߵȼ
Ѱ
һɲǣɽԺбܵӹһͷ
ٺٺ٣ȥɣ
ŹЦһһףǸͭɫĽԲʱڿлһߣŰɽķ˹ȥ
һɲ·ʱ䶼ɽĿ⣬ȫͭɫĽԲסʶһץ
ó
ǰɽĵһо
ð
ɽиոתͷ͸оһɹ㣬Լںȥ
ǹȻڵϢһͬԴɽ辭ƣ͸оԲԼΪһ壬ѾΪԼС
⡭
ɽѹ֣ʶ̧ͷҪѯʶţһ̧ͷɽ˲סˡӪ֮ԭվĵطʱȴյġ
Ų֪ʱƾʧˡ
ôܣ
ɽ𶯣ǲ˼顣
ͬӪ֮У޴ɲأӪûܵƻ޷˹ʧ֮ľ̫ˣȻû˿ķ
Ӫھĵģɽ˼Ƭ̣öͭɫԲ򣬺ܿ߳Ӫʡ
Ӫ⣬ɽҹɫȻܹЩͻʽ͵
ɽߵԭ˵ĵطȻҲĵģһˣЩͻȻȫʧˡ
˰ɽǶյӪʣһоͺһþ㡣
ʲô֮ӣʲô֮ӣ񡭡Ұɽκ˵ӣֻ飬ִִе˭Ҳٿزҡ
ɽ̧ͷҹͷЦ漴˦󲽣һԶȥ
ˣҲ÷ذˡ

գ۾ȥĴУɽڸ߸ߵıϣԶ·ڵȴʲôˡ
һû˿ףɢͻȻӰΪˣϴһŰɫߣ۾ĲλķţޱȣǺ̫ʼ
һһˣӡ
׼𣿡
̫ʼڵ
ʱԳ
ɽû˿⡣


һǧŰٰʮ ۾ʦ
ܺã֮ǰȫ㣬ҲΪǷʱ򣡡
̫ʼ˵һ죬һģƵͭСͻȻУ
ĶϣĻᣬ׸ƵʥӣģûκεΣֻǶʱֻһЩССӰ죬ɹˣưµʱ佫Ϊ̣ʱӣ
̫ʼ
ʹЩΣҲûйϵȷЧ𣿡
ɽ
ôӣҲϸʣҲܴŲµͼ
䣬ֻʥлһϣ˫ȫһµġ
̫ʼֻһЦûлش
ɽ⣬ٶʡ
һ飬ǿеǸ֮ӣֻҪһ죬ҾʼԸ
ɽĵ
ģȻûа취뾩ʦǾʦ֮ĵطǱھʦ֮ڣǰ󶼻Ƶķ⽮ŻҲ׶֣ҲӦÿ׶Ըɡ
̫ʼ
߸ߵıϣɽ¶һ˿Цݣȵľ仰
ӽҰɣҾͶһǵġ˳͵ʥС
ɽڵ¶һ˿Цݡ

Ŀꡣ
ɾֻһ

ʱգ֮Ƕʮȥܿ͵еʱ򣬴Ȼǿʢûойôʢᡣ
ỹûпʼʳŵƽʣһƬϲ졣
˹֮ս֮ս֮ս
֮ǰһսŪôĻ̻̣ڣһжѾȥһʢİվھʦľ¥Ϸȥͷͷܶˮ
ǰδеʢ䣬ʦеİնŻװ
¥ջݣеĵط˴װƯĳϲޱȡ
Ŀⶨ񵽾ʦĸţָԸҵͣһƬȴͨš
ЩװųͷһյյĿĻƣ󷽵ǸʱԼʾõ顣
ʥķҪᣬĺ˻ģ½˼ƫԶĳЩطеĹҶʹߣμʢӹǲԶڴʳܱߵĸСԼӡŮԼ佫󳼡
󣬵ڷĺ۹ҸУǿʢս֮ѾûܹƵˡ
ǿ
ֻǺĴʳ۹ͬƵҪö࣬ԶûôҡҲʥʢ磬С֮𣬴Ʒǰԭ
ǽôƣֺʥѵĻᣬҲڵֵ֮ʱ
󽫾ֻƵ۹ʵһҫѣõǧǰʦ׹𣿡
ĳŴŵһɻ󲻽⡣
£ҲҲӵگһͣΨ˹ûǰֻɳһЩͨʹƻοǣ
һƬĬƬ֮һۻ
ϸȥǵӰ׳˶Գԭ죬Ȼ˹ص۹˶Ĵ󽫾졣
ԵˣȻֹЩηηŻȻݲ
˹صĶâִ
һ˹ɳʹڣǶç֧ڵʱеҲǶӶǴӡ
ֻǶç֧˹֮սնɱڵʱĴƾʦˣѵһ١
˹Ȼʱɳӣֻܰλ˳
ĻâִʱĬˡ
Ʒâ֮ʢ˴ʳѾﵽ˶壬˹ع飬ʱƣҵڣ롣
£òͷ
һǣâִһθоһѹ֡
Ҫ벻ƣΪʸ֮ģǾͲòһΣҲǵľ׹飬ʥʵһЩ˵Ӧö˰ɣ

ǣ
âִֻ˵һ֣ҲҶ˵
ǰĴʥʺεȵӢ䣬ȴˣֺôϲʢĻʵԼľɵóһλôضΣһǽôƣһҲһ̽Ƶʵ
ֻǿϧڵĴ̫ǿʢҪȻ˵ڻлɳˡ
˵һ̾
ĳ˵ôϲĻʵۣ˹ض˵ͻᷢ򣬴ӣڣûв֮ǰ˹ظ
ܿ찲ֻһ̾¶һ˵ꡣ
ͬʱƵĻԶֹλ˹صĴ󽫾
ڴƳһ¥һװӣˣӸ£ͬžʦʢ
ôɣ
ϣͻӣһĻЦЦǼ
󽫾ξʦ˲ٴ˹ءگ򡢶ͻʺոպʹƷսĸ߾ɳ˲ٵ佫س
ʧԣһͻ
ʥ٣˭ҲԨĲȻҲ˹
ʧǳ
Ϊ˳ʥʣӦòôسɣǸоһ᲻򵥣
٣ܸоЩ˵ûп㣡
ʧϺٺһЦָһͻȻһָСֽ˹ȥ
ǲ֮ǰյһ鱨ӿһ°ɣ

ͻʺAȡ
ʧнӹдϢֽͷֻǿһۣ
ôܣΰ󶼻Ȼͻ
A˼飬ڵƵ۹ͷʢâҫ۵ǣһǶİ󶼻ɽһǸոոʳ۹ľݴ󶼻壬˶ôӵء
رǰɽϢ˵εʢ磬Ϊٿġ
˭뵽λƵ۹ĴǰĹڣ
٣˭˵أ
ʧϷʵ
Ϣǲ֮ǰģӦѾˣʱȻΣλεİ󶼻λ֮УѾ˲֪˲ˡ
ʧ¶һ˿ȤζɫǰҲͰˣû˻ע⵽ôС飬Ͼ巢̫ˡ
ڲͬŰɽ֮սбͻͻرⳡʤԨĶˣʹλĬĬŵԭ佫һԾ̨ܵĹע
ڴ£չ鱨ռرд˵ʢΪٿģ͸ֵעˡ
ʧмصЩϢǰǰһջ
ʱǰǸʱ˷ĴֻһʮĺӣûаֵĹͰɽλδİ󶼻ǰҲûмȴǸ֮ҹһȺ˾¥֮У׷ɱһӦú޹ϸ𣬸޶Թˣ㲻ú𣿡
ʧЦ¶ζɫ


һǧŰٰʮ ӭӣ
֪˲࣬ҹû˻ע⵽ʱһȾƣĿһУҲϢҴԭ
ڵ꣬Ҳǰ⿴һʦеӵܣһ޹˰ˣȻҲϡһӵܣܹΪ˾ηľݴ󶼻һͨͨĺˣܹΪڵİ󶼻ԨĶ𣿡
⡭
Aüͷ壬ȻҲое֮
Ȼ¼ûôɺϵ飬ǵ˵ݣȻ򵥡
٣֪д˵λӵδ֪
ʧϵ

A˶۾
ģ
ʧϼ״ɴЦ鵹ࡣ
δ֪飬ֻԶﴫ丽Ĵ˵ѣϸ룬ȷʵ򵥡
֮սûǰｨһʨӳǣΪһսĹؼתۣûʨӳǣ϶һսȫûˣȻҲûк顣
ں˹֮ս˹ûаѳɵѾ޽֮ǣǰ׼˴ĸϡ
Ȼ˵һУΪ˷ͻʺ˹ص۹ǵŴġ֮ǡ̵Խĸߣب˹֮ǰս˲һУʵΪ˶Ըʳ
еսûпλƵѾǰԤϵԼĵˣǰ׼Ͱţ뻹ǿ¡
еʱʧҲһηĸоһǲܹδ֪
ֻһ룬ʧϺܿ콫뷨Ժ
ôһǳҪϢ
ʧϺܿص⣬ɫҲ
ֹˣΧķֻɽ飬֮ս֮ȫݵشͻʡɡ߾зĶĿ̶ܼĳ̶ֳȣ鱨ռ֮Ҫ˶Դʳһս
Ҫ˵ûʲô⣬٣˭š
һβʧ϶A˵в¶һ˿𺳵ɫ
ֻɽ飬ĺպս£û֪飬֪ǵľѵʽԱɡ緽ⲢΪ֮ĵ֯
ԶԸһ۹ķʽȥԸһˣּƾAҲоһ𺳡
Σε˶ᵽ棬ôεеÿˣ
ʧϵ
ֲ´󣬸οڵĴƻ֮УƵǿ󣬾ԺԼɽѲϵ
ˣټһʥʣҲ㹻ɳʹţμߵˡ
һԣAû˵˼
ͬʱһط
ϣڱϣ˫Ŀ΢գһ˼ʲô
үɽѾ뿪ݣͬеǴǬvú͸УѾеķֻɽȥ׷ǵټǵΪֹûзǵ١
Уȸϥأ
ֻɽзûʧܵģһΣ߰ʱ䣬ôˣֻɽȻͷҲûҵǵİټ˰˼⡣
޵ݣǰͷ̧ˡ
û˵Ǳ۾¶˼ɫ
鲢㡣
죬ڿڵ
ɽȻʦضȫ׼ҵˡ
岢ⰲɽͻȻʧ١飬һ顣
ʦĵ̣ɽԳͨʥʣصʦѰ
һָоɽһ뾩ı
ֻɽиٰɽˣȫʦʮķΧ
嵭
ǣү
ȸ
ҲΨһİ취ˣٱäĿɹҪߵöࡣ
ɽôαװôмҲܲ뾩
ʥּ
˵ʱʱ죬ʱһ߰ǹѼɤӣͬʱһܼĽŲ⴫
űƿչ䣬Ϳһ׾ƽµ̫࣬żһȺС̫С
ʥּϿּɡ
Ϊ׵Ľ̫бһ壬ڵ
үס
ԣһɫ֣̿
ûϵȥɡ
΢΢һüܿ쿪ڵ
Ȼɭϣƽ˸Щڹʥɳ̫ȴûʲôá
ǵٴҲʥɳʹߡ
ৣ
һ˦ܿӱվݲȵ
ּ
ˣʵگԻ
ΰ󶼻ɽйййΪ˱ʾ͢ءνǰӭɽ뾩
Ϊ֮¿ģͿ࣬ǰմˣ
̫죬һ䣬˫һб塣
үּɣǱ¶أǧñʧ
̫˵ɫż
쵰
Χ˿һĻһŭɫ̫ྐྵȻֿү˵ֱдûз˭Ҳҷŭ
ּ
ɫȻͺû˵̫еļ֮һϿǰ̫нӹʥּ
ү󶼻ܿҪˣүһȥӭӰɣҲ˿ΪҴģ
̫˵ⷬܿ뿪ˡ
ү̫ˣɽʲôֻŸոմ˸ССʤ̶ѣ͢ȻүȥӼ
󷽣Ԫ˷׷׾£ߣĿǲƽ
ַ͢ʽǶү裡
޷
֪䲼ʥּ̫еȫѾ뿪̧ͷǻ¶һ˿Цݣ
С¶ѣⱾⰲŵģ

ĻԪ˻һסˡ
һȫӦ
һоȻ尲ŵģ⵽ô£
ֻǵȻһЦûй͡
ԳȻһСˣСҲС˵ôɽܹԳĽ뾩ʦҲܹʥּڻðɽԼ
ɽ˴ѰҪ֪ԷͼıȥԷõķ
ҡ
ˣҲ뿴Ǹ½ѵİɽѾɳʲôزˡ
Ҫټˣڴ
ͷӹһ˿ĺâ


Ҳ̫뿪֮󲻾ãӰ粻֪ٶӰ׷һ㳯˷ȥ
ΪƵ۹½ǿıսںܾ֮ǰѾΪ˸λ鱨̽ĺġ
ںܶ۹˵ĶʹƵ۹Ķ
ʥߵ̫ʱѰ


һǧŰٰʮ ӱʮ겻
׷׿ʼ֮̽е׷ʲô˶ľ޴ʱ;׼ȻϢñȺܶĶҪ׵öࡣ
ǰʱ֮彫ӭӰɽλһս񡱵Ϣʹʦ
ȤȤõľ޴󶼻ȥӭεİ󶼻λƵ۹ʥӵôģ˵ǵľ޴󶼻ôʧˣ
һ֣Ƿǳı仯
յϢʸ͸һ˿ȤζЦݣָһ飬žһխխżžһƬ¡
ⰡˡȻôͼˣǼ٣ֱܷܿˡ
һطѾ˹ص۹âִפ˴ƺ׼ĿջͻȻ֮Ÿ£յϢһ漴¶һ˿Цݡ
Ͱɽ֮Ĺϵ˹ص۹ȻҲյˡ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬âִܿ뿪

Ÿ裬һŷκʱֻҪǣ壬С顣ŸԵ˼ĵĻ˳ŵķ
ʱ仺ȥʦİŵƽʣףʱûж֪ʦѾ֪˾ʦеһС
ۼţڴͰɽλس֮档

ʱ仺ȥգ֮㵽˰ɽ۹ͨĵִʱ䡣
ۻᣬ˷ǳ࣬ʹڣдܱߵĹطϵĴ󽫡ʷѲΪڶ࣬Գ͢Ҫ˶Ҫ͢ǰ
ʱ˿̣ſڡ
ȺȺ֮УԳſΪģΧһףĿ࣬ݣ·oһֳɰ˸УհŲֲܡ
Щһʮ㣬ȫǧѡľ
ÿһ˶ӵһаٵʵ
һٶȺУԶԶȥη
Ϊ⼶ӵкܴȨ˽ֻҪһǧˣ͢
Щ˾ӭӡɽģ
ͷ£Ⱥ󣬽ͷȴһƬžȫһ⾰
𵶣һףңڳͷϡ
˫΢УԶԶŶĬĬȴš
ɽûг֣岢żһС
ӭӡк֣ܶкֱϥĵͷҲйоأȲ׽Ҳ裬һ֣֡硱ʽ佫ӭӡ
գ
ʱһ󼱴ҴҵĽŲֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ȸڳͷϥ£
үûз֡
͸һ˿ͽǡ

嵭һݡ
ȥ̽
ȸҧҧܿ뿪

ʱ˿̣뾩ʦʮĵطꤣһݷڹٵʻ
ǰǾʦˣҪȥ𣿡
Ǭ磬һ
ǰ𵶵ĵţҪ˻ݣƵŽ룬ڻüһǰʮ̽ӣʱҲˡ
ɽֱͦһâƺЩʲô
ˣ
ʱһԱ𣬸һʿװ磬һֽȣͻȻˡɫ򶨣һ˳ᢣΪݵĸо
ʥگѳ۷Ѹ棬з⣡
˲䰲ˣǬҲĬ˲١
ڵݻ߱ͳ͢аʵı֮١
ңǸǻǻ㲻ʦλǳҪϵġ۷Ժηڣպδڽ£
ҡֽȣһ£
ͦĿǰǸһǣѿ͸һеĸо
Ǭüͷ壬ʱ˵ˡ
ﻢ£ȷʵڲˡ
վ̫Σգһλ磬Ҷ֪ġ
ڴʱһɫһطˡȻûдǬôǣ˼Ȼȷ
ʦλʵǿʱղС
ģûôΣգ
ɫƽ
ӭӣʥʵ˼Ҷ֣Ǿʥ⣬췴ǽңҲһҪʦλܸðôաʥѾֻҪҶȥ֤ݣ
һ㣬ʵҲҺ͸ߴ˷֮һµ
ʱһһֱûô˵ׯҲˣ̧ͷǰʦķ͸һ˿
ʦĵ̣ҲĿĵطֻҪھʦͺطϣ֣ʥʵͷѹһ£Ľ뾩ʦȫöࡣ٣ʥѹţ׶֡
ҲյԳϢҺ͸ߴ֮ûзԵԭ⣬ΪˡҲܲðһԡ
ׯڵ
һһֱİɽ˶ͻȻ˵
ˣоϣ
һ仰˲˵ע⣬˵Ŀ׷˹ԭ˵ЩʲôĴǬӺҲŤͷ˹
ثֵĻģɽһܹҿ䣬ͻʽӲԼԳһֺ̬䣬ֱͬСһӣ˰ġ
ʱ򣬵ŤͷȴɽϢظ췭㣬˾޴ı仯
ɫͦ͸һ˵Ϣһͷ˶ɵͻ
뻢ѨɵûӣȻҪʶԭôۣܲ
ɽ鿴ޱȣ
ңû˿ҰɽͷϣثУҲһУһ죬һԸثһҳײ
ɽޱȣ˵ĶУһȴоһĪ𶯡

Сׯڣ׷׵ͷ
ʷǣһ죬һ۵ġ
ɽǰԺȴڤڤһӰһɲǣǸҹҲǸҹɱİʷǡɣʷ˼
Ӿʦ֮󣬰ɽӲκǰ£ͺһɽ֪ԼӲֻʵ֮ǰء
ӱʮ겻һֱ̣ȴһ̣
壡ˣʵҡҲڴ
ɽǰа
ֻһ˲еͷӶɽܿͱޱȣ
ټǵˣ׼ǣ
ǣ
Űɽ˲Ϣ䣬˷
һ뾩ɽٰһٶӡǣͬʽͭڻһ·ɽٻʮǿЩڻɽųɹӹ˷ֻɽĶĿ
ЩҲǵ˶ĿΣɽҲЩݾ


һǧŰٰʮ 
¡¡ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ݾžʦķ۶

ʦĳŸŸϷأֻƬ֮󡪡

үְ󶼻ɽټ򣬾뾩ʦֻʮ
һͻȻڳͷ
ͬʱʹҲ˰ɽټ
ˣˣ
λ󶼻ˣ
·һ£ŸһƬڣڸľ¥ʸϡȻֱ
Զһطûжע⵽һϢǿ˿ѷɫʸϡͬĿ¶⡣
ϸȥͻᷢλȻѾʧܾõگ󽫾θȫ
ϴս޷ﱻˣλگĴ󽫾Ÿ޷壬Ӷȥ˺ʧ˺ܳʱ䡣һᣬθȫٴγ֡
ֻͷθȫҿ̫еϢ˿¶
ʱ仺ȥԽԽš
ְɽ붫Żʮ
ְɽ붫Żжʮ
ְɽ붫Żʮ

˫ԽԽſڵҲԽԽš
ǱߣÿƬ̾һǰ㱨氲ɽټ
ʨһ㣬˫Ŀ΢գһӣȲҲꡣ
ͬʱԶٵ̳οգһŴϺɫ׵ƺƵžʦ
ڶǰɽڸ߸ߵϣǴǬӣãкׯͬŴڰɽһſ
ڵˣ
ǰƣΡƴ̶ڵϵľʦÿһ˶ܸоһ𺳡
Ǭӣ֮ǰǸɽʦģֻһΣݴ󽫵¼٣ȫͬ
һʱлЩ¶ֻǸоһֵĴУһΣȴоƵ۶ŨҵȨζָоޱȡ
ͬʦɵģһԵĸкׯ
ˣ
Զľʦӹһ˿ӵɫ
ʦģϧҲֻʦĿƾٶ޷μӣ˵ǳͷˡ
һµµΪжȹҲƶжȹȻ޷ĵ·۹õãұҵķ۹ˣҵĴڣ

뿪ʱԶ飬ڣȴ֮أȻ۹ӣҪԼķʽȥЩԼĵطʩչԼĲŻ
ЩͷԺзӶеһ˿ɫܿͻָ
ĿҲ׷ѹ£֮Ǹɽδӣȹǰأɹ͵ȡԭ
һԣׯԶľʦͬ鼤ֻ˭Ҳ֪Щʲô
ʱ˿̣ܵģĪǰİɽ

߸ߵϣɽͬͷֻĵطǾʦǾʦϿգӦʹĵط
ȻһٸǿĴڣӵ飬ɽδҲ޴ȥᣬֻǽŽɵ̬ȡ
νġδӡҲֻǰɽ£ڽĽڡ
һ̣ɽȴȫˡ
ֺ룡
𺳣
ھʦϿգɫŨҵԸӡ
ɽ֮ǰǵʦģһθûпκζΪ֮ӡÿʱÿ̶ܵؼӳ֣עҲʹðɽܹⳣ˿һĻ
Ѿֻһ㣬ԶԶȥɽܹһƬƬ޴ۣӴģ԰ɽĿĿֲ
䶯ţһƬƬҲŻϢͷ·ʱһ㣬ޱȡ
Ҳν𣿡
ɽſͷųӴѹа
֮ǰԶνɽҲûйȥ룬ⲢζЩ֪
˻۶ɡ
һ۹ǿʢֺۣ࣬ޱȣ˥Ҳ˥ֳɫҲþǽƣпܱɻɫ߸Ӹ࣬˥ɫ
ڵĴƣͳΣĳ佫˼ӳ֣ټ죬³˵սѴﵽΪʢĵز
ر帲ʳһսΪƾӴˣʹ۹ǿʢԸӣӴ
ӦÿԿƵ˰ɣ
ʱ򣬸ǰڵ
ϸʦϿյ֮УǷһĺ

ɽдΪ죬ʶ̧ͷϸȥ
һȥֻһ㣬ʲô
Ȼڶٿʱɽע⵽֮һϸϸĺߣᴩֻ뵣ټϺԵһ۲ûע⵽
Ǿûˣ
пɽķӦ˵ͷ֪ԼĲ²ǶԵģ
Ȼ֮߱ȴҹ΢ҡΣɫް䣬ӹ֮࣬ԣÿˣ仯кֻϧƻ̫ҳ̫࣬ôĳ佫һӳ֣һάϵסƵˣʹ嫣ԣвûֳ˥֮ࡣ
ж˶٣ŵ
ϸ֮£ӦþǴڳˣ
Ǳܵģɽո˵Ͽȥµķ֡
֮ǰʱ򣬱Ļֺ׳ûע⣬ʱϸȥ֮£Ȼףϣ죬࣬ɫֵ̬Ҳͬɽֻһֱۣ˷ˣ룬⥣𽣬Ϭ󣬴ԣ̬飬һ㡣
ÿһϢֺޱȣǸԶ˴֮ȴֻӣһӴϵϸȥֳ̬ܳÿһ֮Уһƾ𣬻뵽ͷĽɫ֮С
ٹٵ𡭡
ɽһο̽Ƶ˱ʡ
ʱİɽһСΨֱֵĴߣȸо˷ޱȣָоΣޱȡ
£Ψһһַʽ۹۲⵽ʵˡ
ޱ߰Ҫμƻɹܹȡ㹻ҾĳΪ¹ˣ
žʦϿޱߵˣɽЩʣͬʱֲһ˿졢ռ֮ġ
һο˻ˣ
ɽһͻȻһ䱦ı֮Уһɲǣޱȡ
ϧˣǲ򣬻ҾͲҪ뾩ˣ
ɽа
Ƶ̫񣬶̫΢ȻѾ˥֮࣬ôڵٹٶӳ֣һʱỹ˥䣬Լһʱ֮Ҳлᡣ
ֻдԽ˥ԼԽл
ǺƺƵĽɫԼǺ£


һǧŰٰʮ Ͻ
Ǻǣصģи棬˥Ƶ񣬵ǼȻ¶˥֮࣬עѾ޷ģˮʹ·ҲֻӻƬ̶ѣҪб£
оҡ¶һ˿΢Ц
ǰʦҪ˴֣֮δ֮ײ΢ƿǰľ棬Ϊ֮أ򿪾棡
Щ˳֮УֻҪ˳ͿԳ״ƴƵľ档
ɽЦڸеǷǳεġ
˥΢֮࣬ȵгɹĶ֣ҲֻǸˡ
ҹ΢֮ϣһž޴ǳâң綷ǵǵĹһֱڰ΢赲ⲿĳû⣬Ӧþˡٿһʲôӣ
пڵ
Ŵ֮һֺҪܹԷˣ۲⵽ɫ̬պԸԷͻкܴİ취˵ĽǶ֣Էǻң
Ȼ֮ȴǡǡ֪һЩӰԷ˵Ķ
ɽû˵ֻʶ˳ŷ
ʱ˿̣ǬӣãׯڣҲ׷˰ɽĿ¶˹עɫ
ҫĽǣҲǵλߵĴ󽫣ڸʳ֮󣬳˾ΪƵĴ涥塣
Ҫǣĵˣ壡
Ҳ֪ʲô̬ɫ
ΧһƬž˶ڵŰɽĻش
ţ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ǰɽֻǿһۣһͬʱ΢΢üͷ
ôˣ

Ҳͬһ¶ɫ
е㲻Ծҿˣ
ɽ
ôܣ
ԴΪ⣺
ǽңʥ׷ݴ󶼻̸ʿ󽫾پ͹Զ֮ϣΪٹ֮ףҲض˸ӵ׿ԽԺգҪٹˣԺյıȻ
ûУٹٵŨҲǳֳ룬Ȼβһ˴̬ȴ󣬶ͬСˣ
ɽҡҡͷˣҲܺ棬ǰֱ仯û뵽
ǳŷأʥڳſӭǵִʱѾ㱨ȥû⣬Ӧþϸһ¡
е
ʱ˿̣ͬҲüͷ壬Ⱥ飬˳ᢣʧ飬ǰһĻЩԻˡ
ûУûп
ɽĿھʦϿѲΣüͷٴҡҡͷ
ɽʱҲɻ󲻽⣬һССƷԱܹ֣ѵ˵һƷԱûˣֻܹԼˣԼ
ɽǰո˵ģѳŸϸļһ顣
һ̣һϽɫĶע⡣
һӵص̽·һһӵĶ
һۣɽûʲôһ̿Ƕȫòɽ
⡭ⲻܣ
һɲǣ·𿴵ʲô˼Ķɽ͵۾
ͻȻıʣ˲˵ע⡣
ôˣ
ׯڵ
˭Ҳ֪ɽ׿ʲôȻ˴ķӦ
ɽû˵ɲ
ɽ˸еĽ飬ĿۼŸϸĲ鿴һ顣
ڳŴһۣɽоԼһ޴Ͻɫӣǧ֮ߣӵصֱָ̽񷡣
ǵɽϸʱ֪ԼˣΪǸʲôӣһ޴Ͻצ
ٹٵ˲ͬצ޴ޱȣӵص̽һѿסʦʦסһ㡣
ɽǸֱϽɫӣֻеһֺ
ɽûһ˵ܹһƳֳ
ôܣ
ɽУǬӣõʧһɽסˡ
ôܻ£
ɴ֮͸𺳡
Ⱥ飬۱йżҲѹûһ˵˾ȻԳֳ̬
岻ǻ壬ȴʥвĵһҲ˳ֳϽԭ򣬸𺳵ǣ˻ϽһצܹסʦǱжôӴֵöô񣿣
䣡
ڰɽԼֵⷢʱԶ¥棬ԭб˫΢գȴɽ˵ĵʱƺʲôȻ֮˫վ
䣡
ֻһ̤һ̣һɰľ
˿̣Զɽеٴηض췭ı仯
𣡡
ڤڤУƺһڰɽУʦĵصףԭֻһֻ޴Ͻצ·̽סʦһǣ徫춯صУһͷӴϽӵصƿնֱʡ
ǰɽһο
𺳣
ֺ룡
ǿޱȣ
ɽǵϽ·ɽһףѾ𺳵˵
֮ǰľʦϿգ飬ȫٹٵˣЩ̬죬СҲȻͬ
Сֻһ㣬򼸺ﵽʦСĵزͨâһ㡣
ЩٹٵˣϽǰ˲ȻʧɫߵĲ࣬ө֮һ㡣ǿҵˣϽǰҲһС
ֹˣɽ̧ȥϽڣһɹɻֺƵ̫Ҫҵľ糱ˮһ㣬ͣĴڳˢ䵽ͷ֮С
ϽҹͣϿյˣԽĻԻͣʢ֮еĺʴҲڱϽͣ޲
ôܣ
ɽľ˶ޱȣж
˥һ˿ԸıģҲֻǱˮнӻãû˵ƾһˣܸıˣסһ۹˥Ƶģ
ɽ˵ôΪһ佫һ֮޲ֲ˼顣
ɲǼ䣬ΧһƬţÿ˶оѹޱȡ
̫ǿСպһҪ뷽跨ȥسУ
гҲ˲١
ûм壬ڴ֮ǰȻҲ˵ٹĴ˵ҲԺգ佫ѡ
ڸֽıһˣܹʼ˵ʲôҲֻһȽǿĶ֡
ܹ죬һ֮ı˥֮ƣһоȫͬ
ڸУвȼ˲ߡ


һǧŰٰʮ ˫棨һ
𣿡
ȴ֪ⷬȴڰɽмһЧ
žʦķһ̰ɽޱȡ
ǿΣһҪݺݵĲڽ£ҳƳ
ֵԽǿ󣬰ɽҪͷҲԽǿҡ
ɽܾã𡪡
˵ʱʱ죬ڰɽԼ˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬ըһĮ㣬ڰըص˶ߡ
壡
˶ɫ΢䡣
˭Ҳû뵽Զھʦſڣڸ֪˵Ϣ֮󣬾ȻƾĹʮľ˴
ߣߣ
ɽʱҲعɫ΢䣬ӹһ˿⣬ܿһӣǰȥ
СׯȻԷѾԭļƻչɣ
ǣ
кׯϣͬʱһ

ֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬һŸ˵Ķ֮ڷɶ𣬷˸
ı󶯡ȻѾ֪ھʦҲ֪˲е᲻ȫ׼
ʲô˶Ը
ˣ
ЩŸɳӿһεĽ֮ǰͰɽΪ֮չ

ˣ
ɽݵĲ¹ˣ
ڴͬʱӿɽ˺ƺƵŶſڶʱ򣬾ʦʹڡĳҲͬʱյϢ
˶ڹעλس֮Ļ档
΢֪ý

ˣȻӶ𣿡
ʱ˿̣ƾʦߴΰĳǽϣ΢۾ŶǺƺƵ̳ӹһ˿ĺâ
ž
ֻǴһƣһ̣꣬һ죬һ֮⣬ƿ¶·һܼͳеĳ˲ţ׼˳ŵķ
ͬһʱ䣬Ⱥ֮һصĹ֣ͬӺ󷽵ļͲ֮ȡһ֧֧Ƽ׼˳ŵķͬ¡
ЩƼޱȣ׵䴩һ߾ߺصĿףʮͳԼһĸֻҪԸ⣬˼µսУ׽Էı˺ѣʳɷ顣
һɲǣţţնʱýޱȡ
壬ʲôӭӰ󶼻ǡ
ʱһޱȣ繫ѼɤԱ𣬼ǰʥּ̫೤üһšѵ
ǲ֮ǰִּٰӭӵġ
Ȼһβ̫ͬŸո˵һ룬û˵꣬һ̣ˣһɰ͸صףڣ˲ͷסȫʮദѨ̫һ仰Ҳ˵
㣬ôң
ʱ˿̫ΨһܶĿҲֻһ˫۾ˣǰ壬־ֺ˲ɲ
ǹּ̫࣬Ҷ֡
һ븮ҲǰǳʲôҲûзʩʩȻ뿪ˣΪ岻ҰôΪݣٶηһЩ뵽徹Ķ֣
һ֪̫е뷨˵û⣬һסѨ󣬾ֱų¥ȥ
ߣСˣ
ֻȸƳһ̫࣬Ŀһɫ
Ϳ̫ӣûзȸҲö֣¥϶ϼʱҲʧһֳͷ
ߣ
ȸ˺ܿ뿪˳ǽϡ
¡¡
𶯣̳죬ɽԼһ·ƺƵ뾩ʦԽԽվڳ룬Žףԣһ

˫ľԽԽ
ԶԶȥ̳֮УŤӽ߰ٵﴩϺɫؼףһѵأ뻮һ
۵ʱ糱ˮһӿ
ۺƣ۹Ҳһ֧սľã֮ݵκһ֧Ӷѷɫ
Ŀֱӣɨһۣ˲һĵط
ثаȻҲúˣǺ˵ͬռݲ٣ثܾˣȴǺãͱͥ
˰ɽУȥ߰ٵľ䣬Ȼнӽųϵĺˣ˵ıȱͥҪߡ
ȻֻǿһۣĿвһ£ܿͼе֧ǰӰ
ɽ
Ŀ⼸˲Ͷ˶ǰǵֺӰϡ
ʱ䲻ɽòʱѾ˲Сı仯ǣҲһЩֺģһֺĸо
ཱུ޺Цݣ֪κ˿Ϊ˼׽ӽвܻᱻԾĶЦ
֪ثڰ޺֮¡
ƭùˣȴƭңҵҪ㵽ʲôͼı
վڳ룬ŰɽСɽһӰһ˿ɭģײɱ
Զɽʱ򣬰ɽԼͬҲڴ塣
ǿ
ɽǰ壬һ˿׾Ĺâ
ǰȣڵȫ֮
ǰǸҹűӴɱ壬ȻҲ˷â¶ǳΣյĸоԶûǰְҡۻ롣
˵ǰ壬ͬһ񣬸ոմӵص¶⣬ôڵ壬ѳһïʢͦĲ񣬲ܷѩ쫷ױܹ̩ȻͦȻ
ðɽעģ˫񣬱·𵶽ķ͸һ޽ƣ
ɲǣ絶һ㣬ðɽܵĸо
ʱ䣬½ܶ鶼Ѿı䡣
ΨһǣɽǰٴθоǹϤģݹǵĿֲɱ
еǫǫѷԴĹŶٰѹô֣ʼͣǰȴ·һףԶôġʢˡͱˡƲˡ
һ죬һثһҵǰ
ɽ۾£ӿһ˿Ũҵɱ
ͬʱɽ󣬴ǬӡáСׯͬڴ塣
ǿ
ǴǬӺõĵһо
ǰӿ£
ƤһƬȻ
޵ؽ磬֮ǰʵǿҲηģʾثثҲûǰŨҵѹֲĻϵϢ絶ƽֻǿһۣͷ·񶼱ˡ
޵һ޵ڶ֮ǰҲδһǵʱͷѸʧɸɾ
ǻԺĴһԸ£Ķ֣
еĸо


һǧŰپʮ ˫棨
Զкׯĸоȴֲͬ

еĵһо
ǰûм壬һھʦصأ˵еġս񡱡ǰʱ򣬸же㡰ӡģϾ;
֮ǰġ֮䡱֣λ޵һıʿжʱ˽Ȼͬķ
ᣡʵ̫ˣ
ϸĴ壬ġͥظԲǷ˶ʵõ࣬չ֮˵ǡ֮ˡ
£Ӣﶼصʷ͢ĴԱȻûа취ֵطվȺУԶԶĿһۻġ
ţеӢȴûһܱȵǰһףԣվڳſڵ꣡
Ҫǣʵ̫ˣ
ƽϡƽ˹ءƽ˹ʳһ׮׮һǶЩս˵ҲǼʵֵ飬ǰλȴڶʮ;ˡ
λ˳
мھʷӼ޹Ұʷ֮УҲûмʶ
ҪüݣġӢۡ
ֻϧվǵУ
зǺܿ죬оͻָƽ侲ޱȡ
ԽӢۣԽӢ䣬պԽ޵ĴУԽô˱ȥ
ǲκ˵סԼԼǰ·ġ
ֻҪǰʯͱҪȥ
˶עӳ壬һ̡
Сģ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ǭӡõɫ䣬밴ĽϣĿǰһɫţٴС
֮ǰʱֻע۲壬ûע⵽ź󷽣һܼͳ󣬺ͷļԶԶĶԼһУبڵ·룬һ˪ӣ߲ơ
ʥʵӭӰɽǻӭǰаֻӭ˼
һսǰ࣡
ৣ
ŴǬӵ󷽣߰޾䣬һҲϢ䣬ѸٷɫţսеĵͬʱϢͬ˷ս׼
ͳ󣬷ͬСɣ
ȻֻʮܣǰͳսܺԣһսֻϢ֮䣬ܹش˺
ͳ󾭹һսСսĳƺţ
ޱս֮أսΪƵʣޱصҲսηͣҲܵסЩ
һ˲䣬ձýޱȡ

˫ڿƣһ󾪺ʱܴŸ̼֡Ҳް㣬һɢѸٱܿ
֪ģʼʱ򣬻û֣ڣ˫԰ڳԵļƣﻹо
յı仯кׯҲ¶˽ŵɫ
Ȼ򶨣еֽץһ壬Ѿı顣
ȻıǰհɽһٲĻǰλǷӣûκλȨܹס
κʱ䣬κεص㣬֣ܶ
֮ǰЩ̫ţѾȫˡ
һĿ֮£žʦյ棬ͳ󡰻ӭ͢½ˣǷʲô
ʱ򲻰أǿг֣ıԽ֮أ
ɽ𣿡
ɫĿŰɽڵ
㵱ǰյ棬ʹﰵ￴ţҲеɱ
ڰɽδҾݵףֻҪлᣬɱΧʲôˣ˭ţ취ɵҪʲôۣҲ⡣
ڴ֮ǰ廹Ҫ֪һ顣
ΧһƬžΧﰵĿⶼע
棬ɽ۾УܿЦ
ǸʲôûǰǾݴ󶼻Щ쵰ѵ
ɽعͷٵݾ߳ȵ
ǬӡãûǰҴƵӢ𣬻
ǬӺɫɣɻǰϵĽƻصʣֻȫǽ䱸
ǰɽعŶ壬ϺܿϵЦݡ
벻ȻǾݴ󶼻ӭӣ񣬰ɽϻ̳Ͽ֣֮𣡡
ɽһ˵һ߹ǰȥ
ңǬӺҲɫţ˽Űɽǰȥػԡ
ֻƳһۣܿ˰ɽϡ
ߣҵҪװʲôʱ򡣡
Ц
ɽ⺩ɵ޺ӣثǰãǰû˿ô
գ
һ̤ܿǰȥͬһʱ䣬һɹɰɽѹѸϡ
飬ǬӺýµĵը˲ɫ
ɽεҪһЩ޽Ҳ˲亹¡
ļƣȻҪ֡
󶼻ǺôļƣȻñȴôãǡδ֮
˵һ䣬Ȼ˲١
ৣ
δ֣֮ɽϵ亹һӾˡ
˵֮ǰɽϵ亹ٻЩٳɷ֣ҪǰʾĻôڣɽıų亹
׼Ҳ֪ܻĸֵѣһڣͱ˵ķâðɽЩмܲס
үҲ֪˵ʲô
ɽ˲亹
ߣ治֪Ǽٲ֪ǰ㻹Ŵ󶼻ǰһװͿ𣿡
Ц
ÿɽһϵɱŨһ֡
Ũɱʵʣ°ɽѾﵽ۹󽫼ǹɱǰܵһɿֲѹ
ӭʥʵǶΪǵִʱѻ㱨ү̫ˡ
ʱ򣬴Ǭ̲ס˵ˡ
ɽϾǰ󶼻δӣǴݴ󶼻Ҳǰʢˣ
ǬӵĻЦһûкƽϣĿٴζڰɽϡ
ǼǰǽһΪϲǰɣ
ѹͻȻڵɱ
ˣ
仰ɽǬӡ˻ɫ˲ò԰ޱȡ
һξʦ֮Уĵľǰ顣
ԭΪʱǨôõʱ䣬˵ݵλ췭ظı仯һ˳͢سϣǱ湦˫Ҳһȥǰ顣
˭Ҳû뵽·ơ
ô飬ô˿ţôΧ۰գ徹Ȼûаɻ䣬ȫһ˺Ƥ޹˼ɵļơ
쵰
ǬӡץסϵĽ𵶣
ǰԵ޹ʹˣ˫ٴμ棬岻û˿Ǹ⣬䱾ôߣֱ̫


һǧŰپʮһ ɱ⣡
һ࣬ɽҲɱֻԽˣɫԽͣȫһŭӡ
Ǻǣү˵ЦˣȻүǶ֣ǿ϶ʲôطˣʹүŭүҪѵǣҲӦõġ
ԤϣĻɽЦûһ
ʧˣɽүǸүд̸ʿزƽһСС
ɽһ䣬ΧһƬž
ɽȻǺˣȴҲ½ָڶʤ̣ԨУ˭Ҳû뵽ǰһƢûУ˵棬ϹǸ
һ̣˵ˣ嶼Щ⡣
̶ֻһ˲ͻعЦһԽ䡣
ثҲǻǰۣڰɽֶΣҲţٶ࣬
ɽһ⣬ֺģ⵽ͻʾһֺõģУһ۲۵С
ԼαˣͱԼƳ˻ɽûУôಿôݾ䣬Լʦպʹڵ棬ɽȻԱݣ˿ûһǿҵ԰
һˣɽ߱ˣԼٻԼӮˣֻ߾ûȤȻҲͷһˡ
Ǹɱ
΢΢۾˲仮һھ͸ɵͷ
ɽĻֶʵ̫ûϣҲǰȵԼˣֻҪܹԶԷܹɹܶԷﵽԼĿģɽͶνϡӺںøף߰С󣬲Էһ֡
ˣͺݺһȭ޻޴֡
ɽһУǰȴûãԽˣԽɱ
̫ˣ̫̣Ҳ̫ĻԽӣıõҲԽ
ѵ֪ûõģ
йâһ˲ǰ̤һһɲ֮ľ˲С硣΢΢ǰ㣬ڰɽѹ
ɽƭңʲôҶҪɱ㡣
ˣ˸㣬ثѾ֪װհɵݺŪڹ֮е顣ңѾκϵĶǲŹġ
ˣ
һžʯ׹£ɽʷʵԭЦ˲ʲôЦӭ׼ⷬͻȻһҲЦˡ
ž
ޱȵļž
·ֻһɲǣַ·ͣɽзϣЦ˲ȥ˫СС۾Ҳࡣ
ɱң
ʱһϸŵ
ɽӹһ˿ݺԹɫ͸ոսȻͬ
һ˱Ƶ޵ʱ򣬵ɽث֣֪ԼʲôŹԼ
ثļɻ䡣
һжثͬʱְ˶Ѿ˲ŹԼ
ȻˣԼһζίȫûκ塣
֪ûǰ飬Ҳͬûǡֻǳ͢ոΪ۹Ԩĺ͸߾뵱ô˵ɱ𣿡
ɽ̧ͷŷһɷĹâ
¿Ƕҷǳأᣬ˵صΪݰġЩˣ˵ʥʿǶ൱
ǽңʥ⣬ҿ治֪һʲô³
һɲʱ䶼·ֹˡ
Ƿ΢УһǺܿ죬Ͼ¶һ˿Цݣ
ѧ˵ˣҸ˵һףǰûκģ
ɽⷬвĻҡҡͷЦ
¶Ŀ
ɽٴֶΣٻװհɵҲһҪԳĿ
֪ʲôʶҵֶΣΪʥʱӻҾͲɱ𣿡
˵ţͻȻһȻڰɽҼϡ
ৣ
ǬӺñţȫ䱸˲Ϣ䣬ɫ䣬ٴС
ʲô
ſˣ
ɲǼ䣬нŵ˼㡣
ʵ̫ǿˣʱǨԭΪǰʱ棬˲ףҹͣܵؼӳ֣Űɽ֮ӵǿÿͻͽǺ֮ȻвСࡣ
һ࣬ɽȻϻ򶨣ǵһưڼͷϵһ̣ɽȴǻĲһ£һ˿ҵɫ
Ȼһֱڴ̼壬Ϊƶ岻Ҷ֣ϵ徹ȻĶˡ
ʥͣҲȫûá
ǰ治𣿡
˵ʱʱ죬ưϰɽͷҪֵɲǣͻȻһ
һӰű£ͷһƥʮĹ£˵ķ
ˣ
廹ûڣ࣬ǬӺȴǳһæԶǵӰ
ָ
˭Ҳû뵽ؼʱ̣Ȼ֡
ߣ𣿡
Цһͷûء
ɲָʱϵģľΧͷָټ
˲Ⱑ
ЦһǰİɽǼ
ɽӪ֮ʱ嶼ò֡
ɽԭֻһ׽ūثƽﲻ˵ʱŪһǰɽȴӲƾԼһӡ
ݺ;ʦ֮·;ңԶָֻϺ꣬ƻթײɽ¶ˮҲײ˽ύ°ѱǰɽȴܹߡ
ү벻Ͱɽԭʶ⣡ãݣ˵͢λ¹ִ˾ʦܶ͢˶ԼˣҪǰһ¥ѾãҲϹˣүҪͺһȥɣ
ʱԶָ˹֣ͻȻˡ
ԣֻһЦ
ָȻǲˣɲΪҪԼȥ
˲׼ֲǰ޿֡
ʥʵǰѹţɽǰָԼһЩд󳼣Ŀ֮£ֻҪԼҶ֣͢ǱܵԼִ󣬶ɽǱߡ
ڽҲӭԼһ׼
Σ
Ц
ϣ
û˷ӦֻһԽɲǼ䣬һһĲҽУɫ䡣
ɽɫ԰ףĶ亹
󣬿Լ𣬶ʱһ
壬ң
ͬʱһŭӶߴ
Ǭſյĵʣһ۰ɽ⣬ᵹڵϵһݾ䣬˷ŭ˫ͨ졣


һǧŰپʮ ɱˣԸԸң
ոһɲ徹Ȼĵɱһһִﾩʦĺݾ䡣
ô˿ţ˭Ҳû뵽ľͶˣĿ֮£ɱˣָʱסˣ
㡭
ָ֪ô˵ˡ
ɽǰ壬ɫҲҰס
һɲûоǰɽȴ֪һǳԼģԼ޽ֻѡ
ֻǸһССĽѵҪΪھʦ˱ס㣬Ҫɱ㣬˭Ҳס
˵仰һ˵Ŀת뿪
ָıӰüһӰ
һ࣬ɽʷʵҲһһףе˫֣ҲǲϵսɿɿٴսȴʼգıӰʲôû˵
ָ΢΢Ƭ̣ܿͻعŰɽķ˹ȥ
ˣ
ָɽҲܿع˷׷
ˣҲˣֱ̫ô˿ţȻڳſڵɱˣɷɭϣѵүͿɱ𣿴£һҪϸ泯ܾ͢ô׷Ź
һԣÿڵŭͨ졣
ݾµıۿɱͷŭܹܣ
˰ɣ
Ԥϣָ˰֣
ǰæҲͰˣɱ˳ҪִҲԣڲͬǻǷɡ
ָ
õ˵˼β֪޷ﰲɽеʷͳͳᣬܹ˲ˣ˭Ը塣
ʥ䣬˵ɵЩ£˵ʥԼڹ˵ʹɱ˺üˡ
ҲͰˣʥԼɱ˲£ֳһԸ壿
ⲻʥԼԼ
ǡ
ߺޣ˵ʲôǺܿһӶߴ
ˣ˵ģ
ʱ򣬰ɽˣã
ˣζæɽպк񱨣
ɽ˵ţһ
ǰͬɽȲװԣҲɵһϡ
˰ɣܹ⵹˵ɣ
ָƳһۣ
һΪ˰㣬ǳ׵ˣұ棬ʱֵֵزڿԺټ棬¾͵˺Ƥˡ
ָֻͦ£УȻȻı¶һʿʡ
ָ֮ȻһֱЩ϶˽ҲһЩ˲֪ĵ⽣Ӱȫһֱܣָ˺Ƥ
һβҲˣ
л
ɽһм
ֻܰ㵽ˣ׼һ£ԺڳܹҪͻﻹ㣬ԺҪʧˡ
ָ
ǣˣ
ɽãǬӵ˷׷׵ͷ
ָҲûж˵һתֱԶȥ
ɽãǬӵˣһһֱָԶˣվ
ָֻһĳ˶ŪȥˣõŶ˿𣿶뾩֮Ҳ϶ٺнˡ
ָıӰͻȻڰɽߵ
ɽָ̬ѾԽ𾴵ķΧÿʵûбҪ
˳ҪʹΪУָֻһ࣬õŶ˿Ϳ
ˣ
ɽ΢۾Զҡҡͷ
Ժסڴƣκһ˶Ҫλˣ
ɽҲûйͣ˵仰ܿջĿ⣬תź󷽵ĸУׯȥǬӺվ˼

ͬʱһط뿪֮󲻾ãֵԵľ¥Ӱ棬ͻȻ
һһңܿ岢һ
壬ֵ˴󶯸ɸ𣿡
һϸȥӰһϢ󣬺Ȼ
ҲӰȻһǾͶ֮䣬¶һɴϢȻǱ³
һεİ󶼻һǺ˽õ壬ڳŻ棬ô飬ôùˡ
俼Ϊˡӭӡɽͳɱ¾óˣôİڳſڣһԵӣڸסŹ֡
ʼվãΪݴ󶼻ҪηĴսԸһɽδЩСˡ
³ˣҲô𣿡
ͣ½ŲҲ³
⡭
³һ£һʵҲǾЩС̫ɽˣʱȻҪּ򵥴𰸵ġ
ǰûнӴҲδţһεĶ֮սٶޱȣⷽ浹ǺЩƣ
³˵˴һۣȴ֮ǰ֮ս
Ϊ֪̫٣Ҳûϸ˵ֻıһѵأнֹһĶɱģֻһ˵˾֮Ͽô򵥡
ثǰث뿪֮󣬻ܱݲңݶʢȫѷثڵʱֻһͲͨ˿ˣ
³
Ķ˵ھϣ³ܹܶණ
³ˣ𣿡
Ĭ֮ڿڡ
ⷬ˴Ϊ⣬˻࿴һۣûгɺܾãܿ͵˵ͷ
Ȼ
һ·˺ԼǹĽ飬ҴжҲδ
ôҪɱɽһд۵ĳԸԸң

ţȻ
һ˵شĺܿ죬ûйĳɡ
ˣ˻ɣ߸ɴܾϾﵽݼһŵǧ˵ȥĻһĭһӣã˵Ļǳʲô
壬ⷽ˼Ǻ͵ǡ
˵˽ģûʲô˽ĵˡ
ҼȻѡ壬жϣôҲȻȻ֮еġ
лл
ɫ࣬һм
£ж˿һ֪£ԥȥһˣֻƾⷬ³Ѿᶨˣ
λˣʱ޷̫࣬һңɽˣǴδ֮УΣҶһҪ취ɱ
˻ԽãԴƵΣͻԽĳ̶ֳϣ»ҪԽʳ
һ֣ص
䣡
Ļ³͵۾
֪԰ɽǳӣҲǳӣָʹڵ棬ϧðűķգɱһݾ䣬˸û뵽Դ˵ӾȻѾﵽֵزҪ˴ʳ۹
ʳ۹ԴƵвж˶֪ģͦ´Ѿʳ̤Ϊūˡ
˵ģôɽˣĸɱˡ


һǧŰپʮ ۷
壬Ե棿
³ɫص
ţ
˵ͷ
岢û˵ѣⲢΣʳ۹ΣٴҲƵ۹ѣǰɽȴͬɽߣֱ˻֮УݴأգƬ߲棡
Ҳ弸Ҫɱԭ
ã
³ĵ˵ͷ
壬仰͹ˣԺֻҪͰɽйأʲô飬ֻҪҪܷԸһȫ㣡
³
³ܿ뿪ˡ
뿪֮󲻾ãܿ쳯һȥ
ү
ͬʱӰâһӰܿ˳ǰһӥһһ㣬˻Ҫ߳ӣȻҵ
һΡӭӡɽſھֻǡһٶԼʮܳʹ֣ӥҵڲУǴֵķʽȻҲж֮С
үΪʲôжѾ˰ɽ𣿡
ҵ˫ǱɷŨҡ
ǰǸ֮ҹжҵӥǲߣҲܵ԰ɽıɱ֮ġһΰɽ뾩Ȼɳ˴ڳſڣһɳʮɱ޴ͳ󣬵ɱУͲʮܳǴĲӡ
ֻҵӥ֪һֱڰУֻҪһ£ǾͻʱɽЩɱƬײ
ڳſڵжŻŻǣҲҪвһҪɱ
Ϊ죬ɽûг֣
Ƭ̣һƽ
ʲô
ⷬҵӥ㵣סˡ
ɽڶĳſڣдǬӡõȣػΧ岻Ǻġ˺ܾ
û֡ʲô˼
Ǹ˸ǰɽ
նȻԼ࣬˵Ļȴ˲ɲ
ǣ
ſڳֵİɽǸٵģ
࣬Ψû뵽𰸡
ɽȻǰȣı࣬ǸǵĸоȷȷʵʵɣңƤѻǣǼðģֹôܻô
Ҳ֪ôģǸԲǰɽӦʹķתԼϢԶ̲ٿأ
嵭
ôܣ
ҵ˵Ĵ𰸼ֱǷ˼ȫԽ֪
ٵģ
ôܻô
û˵Ŀһ˿׾ͷ
ոճڳŵʱѾˡʵ硱ǳԤϣɽƺĳַǳǿĵߣȻܹܡʵ硱Ŀ̽ȷǰġɽǸˡģɽͷһơ
ɽǻˣ˵ɱĹ̫סç֧ڱҪʷܹıʷôɽĴڣѾȫԽˡʷķΧ
ҪĹؼյ㣡
ڵʵȲ̫ףȴСʷĶ塣
ǰһδȥɱɽʱ򣬻ûնɱֻǹ֮ʯͳԵʾ
һΣϰɽʱһСֵ̽Եĺ˰ɽǡ֮ʯȴûκεķӦҲûһʾ֮С
Դû˱ףϣ֮ʯκεĲ
һ̣Ͷ϶ǰ˾İɽ
ĻֺαػԼԱңּʥʣ۾֮ɽѵ֪үҴֻһƣǾԭα¶
ңɽҪͣթĻ󶼻λãҲһˣ
ӥ˼Ƭ̣ܿüͷ
ϾʱܳҾḻܿĲס
嵱ʱһʱһưˣôٵҲˣɽ뱻۾֮ֻǡˣոյֵİ󶼻Ҳ͸šˡ
ɽò׼ثΪ󶼻λãôԲĿġ
ĬȻӥ˵ģ᲻ס
ע⵽Ǹʿ𣿡
ͻȻڵ
үָǸУ
ӥܿ鱨ȻҲйڸеϸϢ
嵱ǿչץжģֻϧˣһ˰ɽߡ
ɽܹثд˾Գ٣
ɽ֪ھʦܲǰҼʱثڣҸҶɱ֣οڣȻ֪ʲôһӹɵģɽһֱңϣҶ֡
ָĳֲֹҵģǡǡ෴̼Ҷֵģ
屳˫ֵ̧ͷĿ䣬һ˳ᢣѿ͸һеĸо
ɽҪҶ֣һòԶĳʱ򣬼ʱĳֳȡʵҹʥּȻûʵʵвӦٿԳһʱ䣬ʥʶȥеľλΪƽ񣡡
ڵĳþͿִ֣Ѿı͡ʥʡֱӳͻ¿ʵһ飬λϲ顣
һ˵ɽĿǼ׼ġ
ɽҲӦ֪ҵҲ̫ٶʱڣҪ޿ܣ

һǣЩ뷨ֻǶ̶һɲһ岢ûϸ˵
⣬ǸУעһ£ͰɽһҲǱˡҳʱôҪľʦĻţǬӺþȻ˿ûҪǵ˼ûпһۣ԰ɽӣô㱩¶ǰġ
ټ֣ӰͼΣҪ֪ĳ࣬һΣɽ󣬱ض˳ᢣ˲ǵ֣

ɽϱܰݽ췭ظûԭģ˵ɽһͷͻôо͵ڸ˫ᣬһͷԷݵصͻ޷赲
һԵҵʹסˣΪһֻһμ򵥵սֻҪһ찵صֱӳɽԼЩıݾһϣնɱˡ
û뵽ͷһ򵥵ġŻӭ󣬾ȻôġĶǡ
ǣү
һԵӥӦ٣ͷԥ
ܰثŪڹ֮е֮һ׼
ҵӥܿȥˣƬ֮ȸǡ
ү
˺ܿ칪
˶ȥ𣿡
忪ڵ
Ѿȫ˻ظС


һǧŰپʮ ͨɽߣ
ȥȫɽҪ֪ǵŵأ⣬ټеĻ죬ЩҴӵܣҲдݿˣʱеĿӣǣй֮ұл
忪ڵ
屾ӵܳʮ֮ǰ޼ѧԼʮ֮ȴΪ˾ĴӢۣʹþʦеӵܽΪż񣬳ޱȡ
ʦӵ֮У˭ҪǸ˵һ仵ضᱻȺ֮
ھʦ֮Уܶ˲̫ƵЩӵܣȴ֪ǡǡЩģĳʱЩƦåҪóϢ
ǣү
ȸԥ
ôˣ
ȸֹûȥڵ
үˡ¶һ䣬Ұɽǵŵأһףӡ
һĺףȸҲкܳʱˣǰûнӵ˹
ڳſڵʱѵûзʲôԾ𣿡
忴ȸҡҡͷ
ȸѾоˣʱо黹Ҫ㹻ϸºϸġ
⡭
ȸߺ죬ϾǴϻ֮ʼʱûǱһ㣬뵽ʲô
ү˼˵ǵ䲻ԣ
߰˵Ĵȴֻ䣬Ѱ̼Ҳֹ֡
屳˫֣
үı뾩е˲ᳬʮˣֻЩ˵ĻӦҲˣǸ֮أֻû·ȫھʦ򡣡
ȸϾѼ㹻ϵģԥһ£ڵ
𣿡
嵭
ע⵽Ǽĳֳ𣿰ɽھӪͶȡɣʥҪѡ㣬;˽ٵĺʢ磬˾ɽΪ½İ󶼻һԱ߽س뾩ʲôֻһЩ
ֻͨĽƱûбҪܻңȻɽӸûдӶ롣зɽ뾩򵥣
忪ڵ
۾΢УĿӹһ˿˿Ũҵɱ
˵ʼоɽ뾩⣬ֻһֲ²Ļôμ֮Ѿȷţɽ˴ξͼıҿͼС
ֻǵĿǰΪֹ廹֪ļƻʲô
뵽üӹһ˿ҲһЩǡ
ɽԽأ˵ԽһҪ
ǰȸڵأɫҰף亹乣ֻע⵽Ͱɽ֮ǳûע⵽Щϸڻ̺ôϢʣһشʧְ
ǣȥ죡
ȸæ
⣬ȥûݵؽ磬ֻɽĳԱϸעݵĶκε쳣ر
Ŀ˼Ƭ̣ŵ
ǣ
ȸܿ뿪ˣ˼Ƭ̣Ҳתһȥ
ϣ׼һ

뿪֮󲻾ãһطʦϳǳţӿĳ֮УһͭУĳųŶȥ

һ΢ͭһ΢ֵӰ
ϧˣ̫ˣûж֣
û˿ڣһţıʹԱߴ
һԣŰɽŵöɫһ̾Щź
ǡЩˡһöֹģΣֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬һܹ˵Ϣһ־;ʶҲһעУԲֹܾΪʣΩΩФ
ҪǣöܹԶңҲ˵ſڵġˡǰɽֻǰɽûԹȥѡ
ͺ˵˺ѶԸļƻûô׳ɹġ
ɽʱҲعɫ԰ףϸȥĲ٣ȻԶ̲ٿزûдۣ֮ӡ˵ҲǲСĸɡ
š
е˵ͷ΢΢۾Ŀ͸˼ǵɫ
ҵ͹ˣ
һκ彻棬ĽȻδʤ
ûзʵļƻʧˣȵʢ뿪ʦԺͲлԸˣ
ţ
ɽҲ˵ͷ
еĶѾ𣿡
ţܹʮӣѾȫͨȫ˳СһоͿˣ
ɽ˵ͷ˴ţܿ˳ӿķ۶֮С

䣡
Ͱɽ֮󲻾ãŸӶŷ˷
Ϣȷϣΰ󶼻϶
벻еĺϷˣƴ󽫲֮ͣԴŻȥ߱£
˵ӣɽҲ򵥣Ƶ඼£ˣ
ƾ䣬ʢеϷˣ

ʦ֮ŵƽʣ죬Խˣ˽°ҲԽӿ
ȤȤˣһɽסַҵһӦҸݻݻλƵİ󶼻ˣ
ص齵Ŀջ֮Уʧڷ֮УռĸĹڰɽϢ¶һ˿ȤζЦݡ
˵ĵ˾ѡ
λƵâ̫ʢˣҲʱҪһƺƺˡ
ɽõĿꡣ

˵ʱʱ죬ʧϸոͻȻһͻʵҴҵ˽ϥ£
󽫾ոյһţģ󽫾Ŀ
ʲô
ĸ֣ʧü͵һǵЦ˲̡
ôû뵽ʱ
ù
ʧùż㣬ֻǿһۣɫʱޱȣҲ֮ǰϷɡ⡣
ģֻж̶̵һ仰
ͨɽߣ
˸͸ֽ¶һɳεв
⼸ʧһһףɫѿޱȣͻʺĴ󽫾ʲôʱܹ裬в
һʧֻзŭޱȡ

ֻһ˲ʧϳһƺеķŭͲȫ¶ȥȻݺݵƽ
ȥظոյʦڼ䣬κ˲ýӽɽ˿˱ᣬԱӣ
󽫾
ڵϵĴһ㵡
ضˣȥɣ
ʧϰ˰֣һ
£òͷ
֮ǰƾʧϴ󽫾ͷ£ûκ˸˵
㱱ͥ󶼻˼˳ҲУ
ڵ壬ʳ۹֮ʢʱ½磬йȣ޲η塣
ͻʺɳ޿ɺҶη֣еȫҪյ£οһ󽫾
ջ֮кܿƽ
Ÿ裬յżԶֹʧϣе綼յż㡣
˼βֻ֪һż㣬ƽϢεĲѹеС˼
ڵơ



һǧŰپʮ ʢ磡
ʱ飬һըʮƵ̻ա
ѤõĹâ־ʦҹеĵ۾յ硣
һĻУⳡʢڿʼˡ
һվ֮⣬ҹա
һ紵峤ԣ۷裬ȻȴһƬƽ
͢ѾռƻʢǰཫֳУһ콫ʢıʽܼƶʮĴͬڣųһ󣬴ֿʼʹһֱȸ֡
ʥʽڻʳǵĳϣԼġ
󣬵ڶ컹ٰ쳯͢ϴⳡϲǳ͢;ʦĶ飬ʦֻҪԸ⣬ܸͨͨμӡ
ΨһҪһ֧϶ӡ
õϢھʦѾ֯һʮ֧϶ӣʦյע⣬˵һʷǰʢ¡
죬ʦһףһ죬ֻƻᣬһֱʳƷҲ߰ʮľʦղ뵽Уһֱ
֮󣬾Ĳʢĸ߳ʱʹھͻ뵽ʹ֮Уڻ¥ǰʥһףҹ߳
ʱкܶĽĿƷס
ƾĶۣⳡʮеʢ£ǰᱻ͢ԱҼֹԴڵĶʢʲôʵεᣬֻǡ
ʹʥʣüӹһ˿
һж׼𣿡
ͻȻڵ
Ѿ׵
һƬĬܿһȸվµӰ
š
˵ͷûж˵һҹܿȥ
ʱ󣬽죬ʦ֮һƬ֡
ϡСƻᣬַʢϴȴûвμӡܿȥڵ˵ʢ翪ʼʱ
ʱ䣬ⳡʢպе˸߳ҹĻܿ콵٣Уӿûм٣Խ֡
ĲͬҹĻ٣ͷϷʼʱ
ʢٿʱҹҲʥʵ˼
ҹĻУȴǴһƬͨ֡
ѾߡŮūͶʢװҲӳյóĹ⾰
ʢƽ꣬޲ˣս޲ʤһνʥʡʢ硱Ļᣬ˶ݺݵףһѣȻҲֹ
ʱ
ꤣһŹƵӺҹʻͣĸſڡſյ˶ĵУŴ򿪣һС̫࣬½ǣһյƣ৵һ˳Ȼ󼸸ſڣͷͿ˵˼䡣
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һɫ΢䣬ת̤븮УͨһɡСѾߣ߻⣬һ߲ţһߣȻķƣܿת档
յĽŲڸл죬ɡѾߴһȣܿһ鷿
ү湬С̫࣬˵Ҫʼˣүڼܣǰһۡ
ҳѾ֫һĹ
֪ˡ
ãﴫһ
ѾӦһܿȥ
ҡҷ
Ͻͷڣŵڽսѥһĳ񽣣ΰᡢӢϵӣһȳȻĸо
ԱߣһվĻʵǼȻפߣ졣
գͱˣ
һ˫Ŀעǰ壬ͻȻ͵һЦ˳
أ׵Ů飬ѵ˸Ц
Ц
̧ͷҪͻȻ֮䣬ԵϤϢ˱ǶĿ壬һĨߺӵ˶⡣
ᣬ˵ˡ
Цҡҡͷ΢ޱȵӣһ˿ɫܿͻع
ʱˣ߰ɡ
š
Ҳ˵ͷ飬̧ͷ
֨ƣ
Ŵ򿪣ǣѩ׵裬ӷ߳ȥʱеѾߡŮū͡ȫˣǺǣͬסˡ
٣һӢŻһò̬ǧѵǲŻڣڡ
վһɲŮòһ㣬ĿѣԣĽѡ
ֻһЦ٣ţܿ˵ĿУһ𲢼һͭ
ݣ
һߺȣʻһ·Żʹķȥ

ɫףһӣȥֻʦâ譲ӣĻơУƵȨģװһƬĺ
Ѥõĵƹ̻ˮ֯ĴˣСŮ٣Ц绨ȫյʢ֮С
忴һ׸߾ĺӣڲϣһԣָͼһС̯ԣһ뻨ף䣬һүӣͬͷϰ飬վ·ԣЦǺǵĳһǺ«ҲӢ˲꣬żŮһ֬۵ѡˮۡ
϶¶һɴЦݣȫʢ̫ƽ֮У
ֵʢͻȻ˵ĸо
̫ƽȮˣ
ϱӣ֮ս˹֮ս֮ҡһиѹʱĻ̻̣͢ң̫ƽʢǲֵܳˡ
ܶתתܶٴηˣʥʵı仯簲ɽ𡭡ʱ嶼ãǲԼеŬûãǿЩʵϲİյʱͻȻ֮Ͷˡ
ʵһжڸı䣬ҸıͷԼߣǺܶ¼ı仯յı仯
ЩǣЦԼһֱ׷
ԼģҲЩˣˣʵİ
ΣԼδЩһ飬۸ʲôĴۣҪػƣػЩƽİգ
ôˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һӶϴ΢𣬺ܿععͷϮϮһŹɫľӣĬĬĿԼ
ûʲôֻ˽ʢ磡
ҡҡͷع
ʢһ죬ǰ漸һֱڼ쾩ʦеĶ򣬰ɽһֱû˿Ķһ죬뾩ʲôĿģһᱩ¶
ţȻûнӴĸϢ˳Ǹ׺ݽթţΣĶ֣
Ĳƶ
ûж˵ֻǵ˵ͷ۰ɽʲôɹΪףǳƽٵֱӴٳߣðɽ׻뿪ʦ
үǰ͵ˣ
ͻȻһ洫


һǧŰپʮ ¥
΢𣬺ܿعӦһֱ
Ȼ岢ûע⵽һԵӣԼ˼ǵɫһ¡
ܹоеǵĶ̫̫ˣϸɵҲ̫̫࣬ʱϣܹͨһҲͨһʢĽУȥͻƣҲ֪һǲܵġ
۹̫Ҫˣ嵹£۹Գ֮أҲ°Գ֮أΪڣЩ˲ǵʢ磬ͬ֡
ȻʱЩʣϸ룬ӵ壬֮Ƕǵ壬Ľ
뵽ٵ¶˵Цݡ
ţٺܿعһʻš
ꤣһ·ִߴĽɫųǽ
ү
Ľ˳һͷ׷
֮УڿѾûвʶˡ
μ󳼣ʹڣִֻܵǣٵ裬ƿţܿ˳ȥ
⣬Ӱصȴš
壬ˣ
ԭڣֲǺõȣ
³һһűĳ˲վͬɽ㣬Ÿһţ˱ע⵽ԣԼӰ٣һЦ
λ˾õˣһж׼׵𣿡
ֻһЦܿ쿪ڵ
ţ
˵£ҲЦ⣬һɫ
Ȼ֪СӽҪʲôĴڽ֮ǰҺ³˶ȫʹҸеĸѾȫɢȥֻ
ʲôҺһȫ֧ġҲҪǽͣѾкеıֻҪڱȫͳϽ⼸ھʦܼĵĲӡ
³Ҳڵ
֮֮УѾ˷³³˵ⷬζŴƵ۹ͳϽʮȫ
ȨӴ
л
˵ͷ
ʲôҪʲôûϸ˵ûнͣ³Ҳѹûйʡ
ʢҹκεıӦ췴
˶ţֻҪ壬;⡣

ڼ˵ʱͻȻһԽĺӻʹķͣŻʹ˹ȥ
ǵڶˣѾʼˡǽȥɡ
ڵ
ᣬܹӣ֮Увμ󳼶볡֮󣬹Źرգֻܳܽˣ
˵ͷƲһ𴩹ţȥ
ڣһӭӵ̫๧ţˣ̫ɫһæС̫࣬׷׹
λүˣūѾǰźλã
޷׵̫ǰ죬һŻ¥ȥ
¥ųƴƵһ¥
ȡʫ֮಻||Ǵƾдףĵط
˵¥ʵǹƻʹܹĵط
꣬ƾӹ򣬽ټϽķ˹أͻʣگ͸߾ƵıǰδеĶʢ
ͬʱټϴƷ˳ո㣬ҵó׼䷢ȫĲƸӣʦһͻ˰˿ڡ
ʱʥʵһڻ¥칦ʢ磬󳼣ʹ޲ޱȡ
Ϊ¥λڻʹϽǣֺߴ󣬽ǽıվ¥ϣԾӸ£ʦڹǽ֮⣬ͬҲһۻ¥ڵʢʥӣԼٹ٣һʢա
Եʥʾٰġ칦ʢ硱ھʦ֮˼ĺ䶯֮ˡǧڰ£ͬġ䡣
֪ڻ¥ʢ䣬Ϊʢ硱Ҫʥʵġ칦ʢ硱
ż̫ǰȥֻƬ̵ʱ䣬͵ִ˻¥
ԶԶȥ¥ųᣬʣƻֺꡣ
ÿһߵ˶оһӴѹͺһֻչᣬԼ
ԶԶһۣʥʡûг֣ǻ¥ڣȴȻһƬ֡
ɵĵϣɼˣӳһȻ輧ڹƮչƽ
һӻ࣬ܵȺｻһ΢΢ľ㡣
Զһĵط̨ԼܣһͶأΣΣεͭ¯ͭ¯ȼ̴֧֧㣬¥ƣˡ
ĵͬ¥ĴڣأسػƣƼأ̶

³
ݴ󶼻󽫾嵽
ʱһĳͻȻ
³ʱ¥ڻֻһƬɧ嵽ʱһ˲䣬ԭｻһƬֵĴʱһƬţ˷׷׷¾Ʊ磬еĿ˷׷̨£ɽͰ㴣ӰرмǵӰ¸˵ע⡣

ݴ󶼻
󽫾
˻ϣûв֪⼸ͷģЩͷȫеͬһϡ
壡
֪ڣ˷׷վرЩʹߣ̨ϵ壬Ǿη
Ϊսֻƾʳ۹׳پʷηѡ
߰ɣ
ɫݣȿڣ˲Уһ̨̤ףŻ¥ȥ
³ˣڵˡ
˵ʱʱ죬̨ףҪ̤ڵʱͻȻһЦУУһӰͻȻֿȺ첽˹
һƷɫ󳯷ͷһɫͷֹ֮¶һڰٹ֮ϵϢǱˣǴָ
Ϊʥʵ֣ӵȨλԶڰٹ֮ϣڳӵоصĵλ
һεʢ磬ųƴƵһʢᣬֳȻٲˡࡱ
ܵõӭӣǺεȵҫ忴ɲǣȴƤ΢΢΢üͷ
Ǻǣˣҿǵ˺ܾˣ⻨¥ʢ磬˼λɫ
ڼǰָͣ½ŲЦ棬˵ĸо顣
壬ֻ³Ե÷ǳ侲¶һԶζ
ҲͰˣ֪һλĿȻᱻ³ˣȻһʼʱҲͷԻ󣬵һ·һһ飬֪ǰλǱôŵȳ


һǧŰپʮ ĵλ
Ǻǣ˿µȵӦòǰɣ
ʱͻȻˣ͸һ˿
˳裬û뵽Զڶ֮أ֮ǰû˼ΰ󶼻˶һұģ
ĻָϵЦ˲ͽסˡ
ô˵棬ָȻҲû뵽ûиӡ
ֻһ˲ָͻعٴЦƺ˿û֮
ү˵Цˣǰգſڵ飬үˡɽǳ͢¹Ϊ۹˺ͣΪ׸ȻӦȥӭӣʾҳ͢Ĵֻ֮û뵽үΰ󶼻֮ƺЩ϶ʵǳҵԤϡ
ָǡܸô͵˹ƺ֮ǰһжᣬʲôûзӣҲò֡
Ϻڳ꣬͢۾ʲôķ꣬λϣΰסûκܹʶƣ֮ǵ׸ݣĲ˵ƾʲộʲô£ʲôԲ˵治ɫĵزͲһܹġ
ߣˣЩ֪֪㹻ˣʲô˼
ǰ㣬ǰһѹЦ
УЩ£Ϊʲô֪ɣ
һ䣬ʹôܵ
ৣ
һ䣬ָһ±ɫ
Ȼ˵仰û
£³ˣʱˣ볡ɣ
˵ţһ˦ͺûпָһֱƹָǰȥ
ˣһʧˣ
³Ҳָ֣ܿǰȥȫûĿ
Щ飬ûΪûⷽȥ룬ָڳſڰɽԸ£˶۾һ㣬ָûá
ָǷ˵ֻƭƭԼˡ
ͬΪıȻͬһ·ˣȻûбҪίߣݿϸ룬׮׮̫Լʥʡѡ飬ָ¶аţ̫ɾĽɫ
˺ܿ뿪ˡ
ָվԭأһһףþ˵
ԴλûôӣǵһΣ
ߣ
Ȼֻһɲָعһ˿Ĺâһͺʲôûзתһȥ
үһжѾźˣ
һ࣬мС̫࣬첽ǰ
˵ͷ³˵˼䣬һҲķȥ
͢ȼɭϣ佫ÿ˵İŶһ³λ岢һ
ү룡
ǰС̫Уܿǰȥ
¥ֳһ޴UͣԼʹ߽ԣǵĺ棬һŵĹŮŽˮһԣƲ̸ǵһϣֱŽ챦ʯľƱʳ
ɨһֻۣ󲿷ֵλѾˣλõģǸ֮ȨƵˡ
Ȼֻһգ۵£ͻعٲ¥UʹҲ࣬ʥʱĵط
Ϊ׼λã˵ǱԵλãԶָ֮ϣʱյĵλһѾûκε顣
١
֮Ĺϵڳ͢Ѿ̫ˣر˹֮սʱΪںΪΪԼʳ˲СĹ֮ͣңҲͬһλʦһ˵Ӱ
ڿϹӶܿóҹԴ㺡
θλŵ񲿵ĹԱпҹֵʱ򣬾Ѿҹﰲźλãԡ
һмʢװĹŮǰ˱ǵĹ͢Һ
֮¥Ҳ֮΢ı仯̶ʱڣķʹ߷׷׶ƱվԼͬĳȥ
ʹ߼
Τϣʹ߼
٤ɫʹ߼
ǰʦʹ߼
ʹ߼
ʹ߼
޹ʹ߼

һһʹ飬ȫ£ԣЩгƵѾʹߣҲ֣Զ½û֪С
ĴǰӦ֮صʱֵС˳ƽ֮ʹССĹҲΪ˴Ƶķ
һһʹ߹ǰԴԼĵ۹Լңʵʺá
ЩʹҪ壬ȴȫԥľܾˡ
ʹ߶̬ȣѾļˣֺٰõĵزҴԹۣЩʹȥʱֻҪ˵˼仰һѣͺĪһиӲѡ
Գݣܵ˹ֺõģҴڳ֮Ҳֻˡ
ϯ֮һп
ĽǼʡ
ָһĻҲиӲѡ
˶֪һжĽģΪսֱ࣬˴ʳǿĵ۹Ӯڵĵλֺ壬ηʱǣͬʱҲһֶԴƹη塣
ĳֲ棬Ҳӡ֤˴Ĺ
ϯ֮УһĻʧϸԱߵA˴˸ɫܿվѸٳķȥ
ͻʺ󽫾ʧϼݴ󶼻
˹ص۹󽫾ݴ󶼻
Ϸگ۹󽫾θȫݴ󶼻

ʱһ߿ͬͻȻ˶һ˲䣬ΧʱžĿ׷׳ķ˹ȥ
Ⱥֻֿʧϡ졢θȫ볯ķ
ЩˣΧʹԾóһʢ࣬۹ǿʢ˱帲Ĵʳ۹֮⣬˹ءͻԼگΪǿ
ǿʳ˭Ĺǿ˭ķ϶ء
ʲô𣿡
һ֮ǰԴ̬ȽȻͬ
ܵеı䣬˶ɫһϡ
үʸϲ޶⣬´ӹֻүһ£ͻǳĽãɳʹڣμӴƵʢ磬ƱͻԸѺãս
Ԥϣǰܵ裬ʸϲû̬ԽĹǫ𾴣ͺ̷һ
ү˹Ҳ޶⣬ſڣҲֻ˵ү֣ȥһ۰ˣ밲ɽͨ˼үϲ˹ȻҺǣ
˹ش󽫾죬âִͬǰڵ
үگѾܵѵԸã
󷽣گ󽫾θȫͬͷ


һǧŰپʮ ɽ
ʸϡ졢θȫ⼸һˣǷĺ𶯰˷ܹͳʮĳĴڣǰȴǫͲһͳǧ˷Ĵ󽫾
һĻΧʹ˼ӡ
Ȼˣ˶˵̬ʲô⡣
ʸϡ졢θȫȻҲ½صĵ۹󽫣λ½繫ϵǿսʷǰıʥǰҲҪʧɫ
ʸϵ˾ҹ譲ӵǳеĽ޹⣬ô̫֮УѵģҫգҫǳڹâɵǰҲ΢
ߣ֣սƾǼʸ𣿡
ˣֻЦ
ΪҲ֪Ǵʲôע⣬ʸϣ㲻֪Һǿɺлɽʱ򣡡
ৣ
һ䣬ʸɫһף亹ˡ
˵ֻⷬ˵˵ֱһȹȥ˵һ¾Ͳֻ˵˵ѡη壬Ҳʱˡ
죬ȥǵ࣬˼֪ҪΪ˹ظԭǣǰûκε谭಻֪Һڴǵֵཻʱ򣡡
ֻɨһʸϣܿƿ䵽˺󷽵ϡ
ɲǼ䣬Ȼ򶨣һ̣Ҳ𵴣һԵâִ¶ηɫ
ֺηĲ࣬һ
ڵ࣬ӵоԵģ˵ıϣ¾κˣ塣ֻǣڵ˹ѽ£ϵԭѻߣʮʿҷڻ˹̸ɫĶ
ç֧Ƶž¡ϵҲѲڣȱڽĸ֮ǣڶ˹ص۹ںâڱ
˹ص۹ǺεȵǿĴϵıȫѹסƵĲ
УĲ˷츲صı仯ֲͳϸߣֱ½繫ǿͨı֣һ֧֧ĸ
ڵ˹ص۹ʵû˵ǿʢһУǰɵġ
ǧ˹ص۹һΪյĸԭҲѾú쾰
ڵ˹أڴǰѾû˽ıǮ
µıƺҲʱơ
溲ʱ򣬵ͲɳʹصȥǵǸˣ
Ȼһ࣬ȴûں뷨Ŀһתܿگ󽫾θȫϡ
֮սλĹĴ󽫾ǰεگ޷һ·ӶݶȥȥӰڻӡ󣬲Ҳֻһ˲عĿɱ䡣
θȫگѾѹһΣƿگԭĻͨķϣһλᡣЩ飬һ٣گٲݣͲگ⼸֡٤첻ΪگȴʳҪӲɣ
嵭
ң
θȫæͷ˲ͬگԶûôʵθȫſڿֵ˼Ǵ˼
θȫ뾩ʵǴ¶ѵȡ䣬گ֪أΪԱãҪƻȢһλΪʺպΪگʴֱӼͳ֮λһگꡣ
˵󣬶θȫͷ­ѹ˼֣̬ǫ
θȫĻüͷһЩˡ
ʸϡǷԲԣһʱĻ֮ߣǶθȫⷬȫһˡ
ʷϣ֮Ҳͬ
̫ڻʵʱڣйʱĲ̫׵飬ȥĹȴҲûеã෴˹ڲг⣬ֹ͹֮䵮á
گףΪʴȫһˡ
ҲζţԺگĻ֮УдƻҵѪԨԴͬԴ˹ȫһġ
Ƶ۹ڶ࣬گȷг⣬ҿ²̫ܾҲܹڿպگ

ǰθȫ̬ϹϾ֪ǰɱگϴԪףθȫͲκεĺ⣬κεԹԡ£òͷϴε֮սѾگ۹ʷԴǿķ
گˣ
Ľֻ˵һ㣬گǧĶ֣ڴһܣȻʵˣԶ޷֣ܶôõķʽǺͶΪһ塣
ףگԼ̬ȡ
һֻ࣬һ˲㷴Ӧ
ƵĹǻƲҪȡƽگҲûʸ񣡡
ⷭ˵θȫȴƢС
ǣ
θȫͷ̬ǫ
ĻȻȴʵ
⣬˵飬ҹϽķΧǳ͢ͳϽ룬ⷭҪԳ͢˵ȥһ㣬Ʋкף٤ҪȡҪչԼĳ⣬ùϲһ㣬з٤Լʦɣ
嵭
ǣ
Ļθȫֶ˵
Ȼ˵ⷭ½ϣ٤ҪԶǰƾʦڵʵϣθȫз˿ֻҪ岻ԣĶ˵
˹ؾûð˼
үˡ
һ࣬ʸϺɫͻæ͵˻û˵꣬ͱһЦˡ
Щض˵ˣͻʺ˹ʳǵ³
ৣ
һ仰ɫһϣ԰ޱȡ
ǰ˴ͨͣҲһʹĸо
˼εʱ򡪡

ΰ󶼻ɽҸ
¥ǰһ̫߿
ˣ
һ˲䣬UʹڶʱһƬžɫ΢üͷͬ˹ȥ
һ̣˵ĿУ̨£ֺӰӰӵ£棬һЦݣ
ע⣡ⳡ֮СⳡУжԱӰ죬пʶĸ֪
ʱ֮ʯϤֱͻȻԺ
ɲǼ䣬ͫһɫʱޱȡ
ɽ
һʢ磬屾ȼһ°ɽ٣֮ʯɲǣ֪ˡ
ͳſڲͬǰİɽǱɣ
ֻɽıʱп֮ʯķӦ
ǰǰɽɣԵĿ϶ҲΧߵݹǸɡ
ৣ
ĿһתѸ˰ɽҲµʿϡ
У
û⣬Ӧþǰɽһֱıߵˣΰɽ뾩˿¾Ļġı


һǧŰپʮ ʢ翪ʼأ
棬ڰɽԣͻȻܵһѩģͬĿϣʶ̧ͷʹе壬жʱһݣ͵زһ£ʶĵ͹ͷܹĿ⡣
˾֮ڵʱ֪
Ҳ뾩ܹ壬ʹԭ
ֻʢ磬ϵش󣬾ǧֶΣҲòֳ
ߣ
ֻһЦԺмףܿ䵽мİɽϡû˿ԥһʩչʵ
һ̣һϤĸоٴγ֣Уɽһصסˣȫһж
ǷĲ
ҵҪ㵽ʲô
ЦһܿջĿ⡣
ʢֻһ䣬ɽֻʢģòôڣǴ˵
ҲԼ˵أԸġ
Ǻǣˣ
һ࣬ɽ֣΢Цһ˵ţһʶıܿĿ⣬ǰ̫£ѸŻ¥࣬ңңԵһȥ
Ҳ°ɣ
ԶջĿ⣬ֻǰ˰֣һǰʹڷ׷ɢ
ʧϺ컹ʲôȻֻǿһۣеĻȫ˻ȥòһ񣬺ܿˣصԼλ

ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬һͻȻ
ĵҲһ
űգ
űգ
űգ

ͬʱܿһ̫ɤɹڴεڴŴ
¡
ֻһľ죬Ⱦ޴Ĺعϣˣбȫ볡ڿʼʽУֻܳܽ
ʥʼݵ
ŹŹرգҲϢʱ䣬һԽıŮӻ¥롣
ÿŮжһװ˴԰ողɼʻ꣬ıʱ򣬻֮ϿУ¥ӳյۼ糤
ڹŮ֮󣬽ű׳ףoĽһУЩֳֳꪣһͦΣ̤ĲѸUδ
ݵ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ߿𣬾Щ֮ƮһˣӿţӴവ
ֻ䣬ֻǰһɲǼ䣬һʢװĺŹװɰ㣬߽
¥ܹΪ󲿷֣һUδ֣ȺͺһUδϲǱĵط
΢΢Щ⣬ǵһβμӻ¥ʢ磬ǵһ֪󹬵Ҳμ䡣
쿴
˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬һ΢ĴԱߴͻȻֱۣһ
ʶ˳Ŀȥһ̣һϤӰ
̫
һ£ڴҲ࣬ڶУһ۾Ϳ̫
ǰ̫޶ˣǺȣȴһ㲵ζƺڹʲô
ʥ䣬ʧľˡ
ͻȻڣЩͬ
û˵̫飬˽¸ִŶУǿ̫ʧӣзһ
ǰġʥʡʥʣЩģǿ̫ӣȻԼĵ鲢ûз
ĿȺеɨһۣȴûп̫ãʱüͷ
Զ¼֮󣬹одţ̫ƺ̫ϲλ֮ҳϵĻӣƺͻȻ֮ڡʥʡǰʧ衣ȻҲû뵽ʢʥʾȻҲû֡
ãǰʱ򣬱Ϊ̫ٱΪ̫Ļʦ˴ƺҲܵǣûг
Щüʱӹһ˿ܿȥ˼Щˣһ֮һΰӰۣһŮ̫£вѸŻ¥
꣡
¥е󳼡ʹڷ׷վ񡣶塢Ҳͬһ
¥ǰɲǼ䣬һƬž
ϷʥʡǰһĻĿſ˷ޱȡ
һΣڳˣ
ʥʡе⣬ԺƺʲôӦһ£ַ·ʲôûУֻһ˲ʥʡѸǰ
ͬʱһҲһͷף׷Ƥ̫ࡣ
̫⣬ǰȥһ죬˵ĿУ৵һ£һʥּ漴
ˣʵگԻ
ĺƽ︷ʢͨΪ죬ͨشˣٰʢ磬ʾ»һңΪֵ֮⣬մˣ

꣡
ٴε
ǰʥʡɽʹ︷ʢĴƾʦһɲǣ΢΢۾ӿһǿҵԺУ
ƽɣ
Ǻ˶
л£
ֱʱ˷׷׹

һͬһʱ䣬̫У
ʹ
˹ʹߵʥӣؽװ׺ʥǵȴһݣףʥ޽
٤ɫʹ߰ݼʥʣؽ׹Ŵ챦ɫһݣףʥ޽
ͻʺʩɺʹߵƻʵۣؽ״һݣףʥ޽
ͻʺ״һݡ
״һݡ
گ״һݡ
ǰ״һݡ

Уһʹߴεڲμÿһ˽ʱ򣬶ڵأ̬ϥǫ
Թۣʽ޸оǱϵġʥʡЦÿһʹڽ׵ʱЦݾԽģȫֻ֮С
֪ȫǡʥʡôϲٰᡣ
¥ȻǰҲʢ磬¶ҲųֻһΣųƵʵʢ磡
üʱͻȻӶߴ
岻ͬȫһַɵ̬һʢᡣ
Σ縡Ƽڱ棬ûκ壡
嵭
ȻᣬҲ֧֣ԴƵٰһʢᣬûκθҲᳫ
κ鶼棬бףбҲ
ҡҡף΢Ц
ѵûзʢȻʥٿˣʢģʵǾʦա
ɫһʶƲͷӻ¥Զȥֻǽ֮⣬ҹ֮У𣬻֮Ӱٰ֪ܶԶԶ


ڶǧ ɽ
ꡭ

ԶԶģոߺкܶ˸ߺԼ֣˷ܺϲá
ʱ˿̣ǽȫһƬֵĺձ֮¥Ҫҡ
˼

ڴʱһԽʹϣڽ˸߳֡
ϼǰδ֮ʢжȣڶվͱϸ裬մһһãʢ䣬ʢԸг̫ƽ
ǰһ̫
䣡
ǽ֮⣬ʦҲһɽѵĻ
Ϊһ̣Ѿڴܾˡ
ʢ磬һֵĸ裬ľͬ֡͸߸ߵĳǽʦİտ¥ڵıݣǱϵġʥʡǾʦվʥԼʱ
ֹˣչ˾֮⣬ͬΪʥ׼˲ĽĿ
ھʦİ˵һƴʢ磡
飡
ֻ˲Ϣ䣬һ֧֧̻ڼ̶ХгգȻҵıը
ܿ죬һáӵöУһŲ̊ظ衣׼ĸҲ׷׵ǳ
УľǸ߾ˡ
֮սԨ켸ʮݣڴֵ÷з
ǣʢ磬߾ʵԨҲʹߣݽ飬ʾ䣬һɳʹڣΪƻʵ׼һĿ
##@@#ۣ
˵ĿУһСЩڵĸ߾ʹ߽룬űϵʥʹ˵һԡ
ɲǼ䣬ΧһƬЦ
߾ʹԣث̍ʱȻӡ
ү˵ʲô
ԱߣͻȻЩ
˵߾ϹŽ֮ӣУʥʾڵ̫߾۹ʥޱȣΪʥ׼һر
嵭ȻһЦڵ

Ļ¶һ˿ȣһ˿Ľ;塣
ǽӵܣˣȴӲ棬ǲȺ飬ѧʶԨ䣬Ҳֻͬʱôԣʳ˹گͻ߾û֪ģȫš
ֻǵȻһЦ֪֪ˣܰսʤ
ѧôԣΪҫΪ˸ûЩƾС

˵ʱݵӵĸ߾ʹǰ˵ĿУ͵ſһڻ档

˵ľУֻ߾ʹ˲ʧͬһʱ䣬¥ǰͻȻһ̫ľ޴
ݣ
һ󼲺УһѸٳǰûǳণֻһļХǾ޴ĻͻȻʧȡ֮һͷ޴
˫ſܣڰ֮У۵µֻצӡ
ڣ
ֻǸ߾˵ĳʥ
شӣ
ǿеڶűϵʥʵͷͷ­㣬ͬʱһɬްԲ̫
˿˿
һĻϵʥʷЦ
Улȥ߾㣬Ӱ¡
ԭʿ
忴һĻĿһ£˼
ʿ߲ͬѾãŴӴսؾѾ֣ݴϵһ֧֧书Ҳ֮Լʿһڿഫؼ
֮ʿһѾʽ΢֪֮٣ڴѾɣû뵽߾۹ȻЩصʿ
Ƭ̣߾ʿܿȥݵĿ
ͻʺΪʥʴǹ裬Х¡Բ֮ҹͻ˲ٿ԰ټƵİǣͷԲ𣬶³໣ʦ¼ӡ
дʳܱĽĿһˮ߰Ť֫Ļηһöн졣
ЩĿĸȻͬһ顣
£΢ɽдϣʥЦɣ
нĿ֮ͻȻһ߿Ѹ˵ע⡣
¥Uδ࣬İɽͻȻվ˵ĿУűϵʥʣһ
ৣ
ɽ˲ɫһ˫Ŀ絶Ѹ˹ȥ
ʼˣ
ʯ䣬Ժжһͷ
ᣬһһĿݣȲʣעⶼڰɽϡ
֪ɽôãʱվͼ
ɲǼ䣬ΧһƬž٣³ָ˵Ŀ׷׼е˰ɽϡ
ɽʲô
ͬʱ棬վİɽʥʡЦ
Ὺʼڣʥʡ˺棬ߵʱ
ᣬ΢Ҽʥգим΢żһ׸£
ɽ֣Цһʷ֣Ļӡ
Ŷʲôڵˣ
ʥʡȤζ
ʷֵĺˣʥʡǼкøУĺ֮Уڻаɽ͵Ľٸˡ
¾ʧģ
ɽ˹Ȼͬ˵ʱӣҲٹ񣬻˿ͱȥˣǰɽԽˣϵġʥʡԽ⡣
žž
ɽʷʵһģ
ɣ
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬̨·һŲٹͬеĺʹ߷׷ŤͷȥֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Ϳݾ䴩һϺؼף̧һƵͭƽӣǰϴ
һĻü͵һ¡
ʹڣɭϣз⽮佫Ͻ˽ʹرһϵʢ磬Ӽ٣˶ƾݾ䣬û˰æԸܽʹһԵȴ
ݾʹƽȫʣݱӦóڻʹ֮С
ָ
Ŀһ˲˶ΣĴࡣ
֮񲿼뵽ָĿ֮УɽݾûָɣȻġ
Ȼʱ˿̣ͷϣû⵽һ㣬⡣
ݾ̧ӣͥǰܹͣӽļޡ
֮⣬κ˽ܿʮ֮ڣ룬ͬ췴
һ࣬ݾ̨̤֮ǰɽֱһǰʢžҺȵӣֱԼ˹ȥ
꣡
һ죬˵ĿУɽĴǾ޴ͭӣȻһ̽ȡһĥ̴Сƽӡ
ү
ͻȻһ
һԣҲ˲üͷ


ڶǧһ 飡
£ʢ磬׵һж񲿴Ϊգ븮֮УɽΪ⽮Ը¾²Ϲذɣңݺεûо飬Ҫǳ飬˭
ʱ򣬴֮УһĹٻվֹ
ƣ˼ѵҺޣ
ĹٵĻϣʥʡʧЦ
ᰣ˵˵ʲôʢô˿ţҪ˱µ𣿡
һԣһ񲿵ĹԱվǳ⡣
ε䣬һٰ죬ָⷬ񲿰²
λصǣɽԱֻоô˺һһģɽǰôһˣ
ɽЦһƺᰵɺ⡣
һԣûпڣֻüͷԽˡ
ž
һ̣˵ĿУɽסƽӣסͭһֱۣһƿ

ƽӴ򿪵ɲǣһɴ۵Ĺâ籡ҫ¥һɲǣΧеĻѣ裬˲䶼Ȼʧɫ

ͬʱһǽ֮棬ʦҲһĻŲľ
ǵУ¥ǰ¶ϣƾնһ־޴Բ£ǶĿĹϵ¶Ϊ֮Ȼʧɫ
ʲô
ǿĹâ
ҿεİ󶼻ˣȻΪʥ
ǽ⣬ͷܶ˷׷ǰĿðɽϵ
ҹ飡
һƬУֻټΪ侲һۿɽо׵һž޴ҹ顣
ҹȻ󣬵Ǵƻʹ治Уҹ飬ʹ֮ûһ٣Ҳ߰ʮرǹռʳ۹жУ廹ӴʳʵķıУ°˴ҹ飬ʵ˻ʹС
еҹ飬ڰɽǰҪȻʧɫ֮Ĳө֮һ㡣
Ϊɽеҹʵ̫ˣ
£ݿӣ֮أǰϵ㣬֮ʱʱῴմ
΢ҹҲżȻһáǵõΪܹ⣬Ծ˵ҹ飬΢һõ֪ӸǷʲôҹ飬飡
ɽĻڴ֮һƬȻ
ΣԹۣһ۷׷ס
ɽеıԲǷƷһ˶ĳ˵飬δЩ̸ڻˡ
ǲţˣ
ɽƺԤʲôһЦҲ⣬䣬˲Ϣ䣬һһɰͷ­СҹС
һ̣Ӱ˵ĿУ˶ҹϿգһ΢ɽľޱУȻһƬ΢½ء
⡭ݵ΢Σ
һɫվ
ҹֳ΢أǱģݵɽΣϸȥɽ޵Ƥëᣬȫ˺֣ϸˮ죬·ǲǻӰʵĽһ㡣
䣡
һɲǣ¥ǰеĴ󳼶סˡ
΢ӼǡУᵽһ˵ۣҹƣۣӦʾݵ֮ࡣ
ء͡Ҳмأͷ­¾ۣ֮֮ס
ż֮ȷмأۣѵ󶼻֮飡

ʢвٵĳμӣвȺ飬֮ͨ
ɽ֮ȷʵʹ˵е飬Ϊƣ
ɽ֮飬Ǵ¾ͷͬСˡ
ԹۣȻʲô顣
ʳ۹Щ޶һЩɣʨӣϬţϻ̥֮ùŴģħڣΪģʲôȻҲܴʲô顣
ɽ׵ȷʵһö׵ıһӹɵģɽͶӰͲôˣһЩֶΣһ
һ࣬ɽվڴ룬˵ķӦһ΢۾ĵ˵ͷ
£΢ǺˣԶĽ̻ܶණ΢Ҳ֪֮ӣ΢ţȻɵõ飬ȻӦ׸λӣ
ɽ˵ţ飬һ

ɽһáʥʡմã
øɽ㵹ˣԿ㾴׵飡
ʥʡһ˵ţһ߳Űɽ֡
ǣ£
ɽЦ飬ǰȥ
˵ĿУɽڡʥʡǰϥ£ͷе߸ͷһ
һɲǣΧһƬž˵ĿⶼеʥʺͰɽϡ
û˵ֻעʥʡɽԼǿνġ顱
ӸղŵڣһֱڴɽǵĿǰΪֹɽʲô
ǿš顱Ŀǰܹҹһɢâһ糣ûκ⡣ֻʼֱһоô򵥡
ɽ˴ðôսֻΪױô򵥡
ֻǣȷ֤֮ǰ
ڵʥѾǰʥʣ°ѱﲻæᱻʥʡûʦ
ˣ
ǰʥʡ̽˰ɽŵǿš顱
ñ飿
ʥʡ˿ҲǼϲǾӨĹâӳϣòȻʥʵƸϡ顱ɲǣ䣬ͻԭѰġ顱ͻȻ֮·ܵʲôݼһ㣬顱ƺʲô·𱻼һ㣬ৣͻȻ֮䣬һɻްԾ˵ٶȺ뵽ˡʥʡڡ
ֻһɲǣʥʡһ͵̧ͷǰϥصİɽһ˲зӹһ˿ϲ
ã
ڣ˶顱գֻע⵽ʥе飬Լϵı仯
ʥʡϵϢ֮͸֮У͸һǾڽӴ顱ɲǣоʥʡϢͻȻ֮ް࣬ԽĻ硢ҡ
ֹˣԭʥʣٻܸܵʥʱϢڣܵĳķӡһ㣬ʥʱϢȻô̶Ƭ̣ѸٱԽԽ
ã
ͻȻ֮䣬һȴϵġʥʡ˵͵һѴӰɽ϶ˡ顱һץ
Ŀѩ˷ޱȡ
ɽ飬ϲˣˣͣ
ʥʡմãӦ˵ϲ⡣
ɽǸ˰
ֱȱʲô֪ʲô
Ҫѡ㣬˾һһǴӣ
Ǹһһֱԣøʿ⣬ҩҪѹҪٴγ˯ʮ꣬Ϊ·գȴû̫õİ취û뵽˯ͷ


ڶǧ ɽ֮裡
ովڽӴ顱ɲǣойڣԼѸѹơǸһ
顱û˿Ӱ죬ˬĿԽԽ硣
ǡǸһͻȻ֮࣬һڳ
Ȼ֪ɽǸһġ顱ⲻǡǡһ
ˣ
ˣ
ɽֱĸǰ
һֱ̣Ц
UδҲ࣬忴šʥʡͰɽ飬һĳˮס
죡
̫ˣ
û֣顱ѾˡʥʡС
ɽ
ɨһۣŰɽĿͻȻñޱȡ
һֱŰɽû뵽ǱóˡΪʥ֮£龡е壬ɳӺͽǰɽѰݣȻǱ߻ûжɽȻƤ¶ֽţһš顱ʥʱѹ
ƾһɽûôı£Ҳһָ㣡

͵ȭͷһǿҵɱ
ɽΪʳ֮ڣԼͲɱ𣿸ǰֽţƴһУҲһҪʬᵱ
Ҫ
ɱӯӯʱһӯӯͻȻУ͸һζԣһ˫۱ۣͻȻס֣ҡҡͷ͸һ˿źͰζ
ûע⣬ٺߣô᲻֪
ʵӰɽڻ¥پ͸֪еɱ⣬ֻǲܰɽʲôֻʲôͼıڶ嶯ֵʱ
ʢ磬̼ʥʡ͸Ϸ
Ϊõ飬ʥʡΪжݡֻǿûнڶѣʱ֣ڡʥʡ˵ĻᣬʥʡܷŹ壬ҡ
Ըɽлᣬؼһʱ
΢ףѹ侲
仰һȪӿУٵ˫¶Ľź͵ǣһѹ
˵ĲԸɽлᣬһʱ
ֻǣƾɽΪɱ
ţܿ侲
ʦףҪ뿪ûôף
侲棬ǬӺ͸еȴǽŲѡ
ᣬдʱ˶оǵĿϣǰҺζȣҲʳ֮ζ׼ɽɱʱ򣬼ȫоˡ
ǿ
һȫ׼ҲޱȣûбȻİգ涯֪ʲôӡڣ廹Ƿˡ
ʼ
ʱÿˣŤͷһԵĸУ
ʦˣͿˡ
׼һ£Կʼˡ
ֻǵ˵ͷڵ
ʦĵ̣᲻֪ǹѹʵ̫ǿˣǽʢ磬ʥڣʥּľֳϣô
õ˵ͷܿϯˡ
ɫһŤͷһUδĩ˵ķ̽Ԫã߻⣬ͬ뿪
ܿϾ뿪ˣϷڡʥʡԵƽ̫һ˦ӿʥּ
ˣʵگԻ
ΰ󶼻ɽұĿɼΣһսɱУܸ߾۹ΪºպչͣΪҴŹ֮ãͽ᳤ۡ彣빬һݡһմˣ
󶼻Ͽллʥʣ
꣡
ɽϲæڵأߵ˼ͷ
һԣһС̫һɫ̴ḷ̌ý𲯸ţȻŽ᳤ۡ彣빬ƺ
¶΢ɽɽм㣬ϻ̳Ͽ֣ʢ磬΢Ҳǡ׼һ赸׸£
ɽ̧ͷһĵ
Ŷ㻹׼һ赸
ʥһΪ⡣
ˣʥǰЦ
һԵ̫
Ķϸ񻣬ĹŮɽģʷ֣һطǲķ⣬һеģʲô裿
裬Ҫ׸ʥʣ
¼ֱǧδţ
£΢ԣ¿֪ˣ
ɽ
ãѵϼ֣ͬνˣ޿쿴ⰲɽ֮ɣ
ϣʥʡź룬Ц
Բеһ׮Ըټֵһö顱մõʱȻҲͲЩ
΢ּ
ɽӦһЦţЩʹͣܿȥ
Ҳ࣬ٻ࿴һۣӶԷпһ˿
˶ӣյʢϣ׼ĽĿûаɽ赸зɽʱ赸̫ˡ
˵ʱʱ죬˻˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬ԭ󳼣ԼʹĹŮͻȻתߵ˴ԵһյյԣϨ˻ѡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ļ裬ҲøӸϡ
ֻ˲Ϣ䣬¥˲һƬڰ

Χһ󾪺ǽ֮⣬ľʦҲ׷׷һƬڵĻ¥׷׾û֪ʲô
һĻ仯ûг̫ãʱ䣬ѸҲȼ
¥ٴһƬͨ

ˣ
һԽ˿գ֮䣬˵ĿУһȺʢװŮ׷̤˴֮УעĿľȺŮĩβƶϳŻ¥ڹľ޴ͭ
ͭ绨һ㣬ʱ򷢳һ
䣡
û˷Ӧһ̣ͭըһԲӰһԾǰ
ɽŶ¶ƤɵĿӣ˫ţվڴ롣

ɽЦӣ˺ôЦ
֮ǰĹװǰɽŴ翴ǳЦرĹĵĶƤķ⣬ŮγĶԱȡ
Ұ»ɽΪ裬ʥʺ˼üŪۣһʱкЦʱԽˡ
ڴҲ࣬ء
УȼûЦˣɽ֮裬಻ͬʱҲǷǳ
û˱ףɽڵıֻ֣Ϊ˰ϻ˺ЦӶˡ
һЦС󣬺޷⽮ͳ͢ٵϺԣֻŶҷЦôܶԴƶв
СУҲδ̫Цˡ
ļУǵʱе뷨
ĿһƳֿ˴ָ
۸˵ľλڵĵһ׸
Ȼû֤ݣȴ֪ܶ鱳Ӱֶʵ̫ߣʲôָʼտȻ
ָ뵽һߣΪ͸һеҲڰɽϿۡ
֪ĽҸͶʱǲǻЦó
忴Ŷָа
һɲǣָȻȻһȻЦǿɽǷֵӰ۵Ҳӹһ˿ײ֮ɫ


ڶǧ ׻ʥ
ȻͰɽѹϵΪ׹УָȻڰɽװɵʧΪҹͬ
ˣ
ܿ죬ŴԵһŮҡϵĲ˹ģһнĹĵУɽ΢Ц˫۾ķŹĵ趯
һ£££ɽСȵŤʼʱ˻ڷЦǽأ˾͸оһ˿һˡ
ɽ£ɴӣм仹¶ԲĹĵĴӣȻЦŹĵ㣬趯ʱ򣬾Ԥϵ赸УһֺŮȻͬо
һ˲Χʱž٣˶ɽ赸ˡ
䣡
Ǻܿ찲ɽ赸˸ķЦΪģΪУɽһͬʱһֳ˼üŪʱ
ԭɽе赸ʱٴαɽôЦ
ȤȤ̫Ȥˣ
ֻ֪ܴ̣û뵽裬ⰲɽǸˣ
ҴƵķ⽮֮УҲֻλεİ󶼻ܸɵó£

˽ͷӶһۣһ߲ϱɽıݶЦ
ˣԿʼˣ
ȫɽʱϯ֮Уĵ˵ͷѹͻȻڵ
ǰĳȫﵽҪЧ͢ٹ٣ʹߣȫɽж
ֹˣ˵ЦԽԽǿԽӲԼϡ
ʲô춯Ҳ뵽Լһϡ
£
ʱ򣬰ɽͻȻ˵ˡ
΢֧赸ںĻϸıһĺЩһ⾴׸£ʾԱµľ֮ģ
ɽ
Ŷ
ʥһԽĺ棬ɽǸٵľϲ
޿
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ͻȻ֮ĵ𣬵Ǻ֮ǰĽȫͬ͸һɹĸо
ɽͻȻһ֪ʲôʱкȻһţ䵶
Сģݣ
һĻܵĽһƬš
£
Ǳϵʥһݣ߳ߵĽ
ɽеţ䵶ֻһң䵶ûпУ⡭Ҳʲô޸֮ľƾɽΪôˣǰʲôˡ
ͬʱɽһУԱߵһŮһģϵϡ
ڶַʺָһģͬʱţ䵶һ̤
飡
Űɽһ̤֮ľ˲ͻʮɣͬһʱ䣬һεӰɽϳ
䣡
һǣ˲һ䡣
¡¡
ʹһˣ뻨¥Զ࣬٣ھ޴Ĺ̨ϣǿգͻȻ֮ûκεף̨ҵĲ
ô£ʲôˣ
ą̃ޱף
ɫҲѣĿѷֹ֮ټĻʹڵĹ̨Ҳ֮⣬ܵĵȻû˿
󣬿ļɫʱ԰ޱȡ
⴦̨Ϊ⣬̫ʱͲһˣԬʦԿ޽ģѡĵص㼫Ϊ⣬Ǿϸģʹмڵ㣬Ϊ⡣
տcˮ֮ʹ֮أ֮ء
Ϊ⣬ڹ̨۲⣬ֱܹ۵Ŀ΢ǣԼڶཫǵˣɽı仯Ȼûôϸֻһſȴܴжδơ
̨ȣʹδ춯콫ף
һ˲䣬ļ٣̧ͷա
ãǷ΢֮ף˶ʥʲ
쿴䣬Ⱥش֮ף⣬ô£

Уһž޴ĻǣźͻȻ֮ײ΢ԫ̶ֻʱڣ΢ǵĹâܵ޴ĳû˷ӦͻȻ֮䣬ҡضǿ֮УԭɼٹԼǣͻȻͬҡҷֻѸٱֻʣµâҰ˳Գǳȫûʧ
𾪣
ޱȵ𾪣
һɲǣλĹԱգ־ֱֺ׹Ҥһ㡣
ְģǴһգʮʮϹȻ༸ʮ꣬δס
ǻް֮ףߣϽ㱨£
˾Ŀɿڴ֮ʱһĹԱľվɫֻʣҴҵŻ¥ķ˹ȥ

¡¡
ͬʱϵɽ֮УͻȻ֮ضɽҡ͵ɽ۳ʯмԼһƬƬҶ׷׵ɽ֮еϪˮҲһ㣬Ų
ֹˣϸȥɽ֮УнӴޱȣֻɫȴ࣬һڵʹֳ֮࣬ɫ
𣡡
ڤڤУ޵ҹɫлصķ񣬴ɽ֮о
ɽ𶯣䣡⡭ʲô˾Ȼ˴󵨣ȡ޵ˣ
ھ벻Զһ˶ģɽ֮еĽ˿ľ£һ˫۾գһ£Ƥҳֻһ˲һ˫ѩ䣬·͸һеȻ
ǵ֮ף仯תۣϱзӦΪ֮ңʥһɽҲȸӦ
֮ʣɽ֮УвٵУвٹ֮ʿµȻҲ֮һ
Ǿ֮ף֮䣬ɽ仯ھʦҪȡκεطֻоʦƻʹ֮УӸǰ
¼䣬ʲô˵󣡾Ȼڸһʹ֮Уʥ֮ǰд֮£ɺޣ°
̫ƽʮ꣬Ҫˣ

¿ߺ½󼱾ȡ붼ҵ£Ψд֮˳Żд˴治֮¡
ˣ
߿£ָָƺڤڤвʲô
ͻȻ֮䣬·㵽ʲôԭָͻȻ֮ͣ
һһ΢֮ͥУа׻ʥڣգգΨһĻᣬһоͿ׻ʥˡ
ͷ򱱷ʦķǵǡ
΢֮ͥУʥӵȡⲻһ㵨Ϊ֮ͽóģԷôض׼֣ʮþȵİաҪֹԷף
Ͼ뾩ʦ·;ңԶھ棬ɸ봫飬Ѿˡ
ɽӴؼ䣬еһУֻǼϣڵ֮ͥУλʥʵİ׻ʥˣ



ڶǧ 轣
ϣ޴أڰɽһ̤ʱ򣬶ף췭ظı仯

ʱ˿̣ʦ⣬ĵط

һιҹɫ֮УƮڼ˶ïʢĻˣֻӰϢ磬źɫۣһ㣬ڰ֮С
һˣϴŰɫߣϢޱȣǺ̫֯ʼ
Եˣ츮
ʢ磬ϼֻǳ˰ɽ֮⣬ǿ̫ʼҲԽ룬ҿֻԶԶĹ
еһУΪʹеġǸˡ
̫ʼˣǸ˾Ȼĳɹˣֹǰǿšڻ顯͸̫ңĿʼ͵ȡˣ
һǸţ
츮˵гԵ̾
ҹʦƻ譲ӣ緱ǣúԶܿҫޱȡҪǣȻԶھ⣬ڸոһɲ˷о䣬ʹ֮Уһ㣬Ӵѹ̫ҵϢҲͻȻ֮˲١
ҪȻô˵ǡ֮ӡأ
̫ʼȻȽϿƣȻҲ¶һ˿԰ɽ͡
̫ʼˣǶû飬̫ҵʵ˼㣬޷ƣҪ
츮ٴδ
ɣ
̫ʼһԥľ;ܾˣ
̫ھ´󣬷ľǣֻҪһ뾩ʦͻᴥµĴ󡣵̫Ϊ̫ӣòȻжŻᱻɱһᣡ̫ûô򵥣
̫֣츮͵һ£ͷɫĬࡣ
ʮǰ̫ɣΣûֻ֪֪Ժ󣬡족½ƾʦΪأû֯κ˲⿿
츮Ҳû뵽̫Ȼ̫ɱ
ڻѾɹ͵ǵĿѾﵽؼһʱŲ̫ˡҲѾﵽĿģµģͿˡ
̫ʼȴûע츮顣
עѾȫе˻¥ķ
ǸǸĺˣԽԽȤˡ
족ѡĿģǲ

ʱ˿̣ʦ֮У¥ǰ
ڰɽһ̤ȥɲǡ
棡¼ײ£̫그΢ܵҳڼ˥
棡֮ȡڼ˥ߣ¼شӰ죬ֻһʱֹ¼ݻӵز
棡ش±䣬˥ߣ۳һ㣬ʾͷ
ͷ½֮У

ԺУһϢٲˢ£֮ʯ˲ɫ

ˣ
һɲǣװɽðսĿġ
Ȼ֪δѧаȡ

һ˲䣬ɱ˲ɫ
һ࣬һ̤ɲǣ¥ûκα仯ǰɽеȴظ췭
䣬һ͵࣬˲밲ɽڣһɲǣɽ˲о֮ڤڤһεϵ
ֹˣɽоһεͻȻԼƾնҽ䣬뵽֫ٺϸֻգ֮䣬ɽ͸оԼ΢ֽࡣ
ҰɽָоһԼܹɽصһܹ֮
̫ˣ
һɲɽֱҪС
֪ͬСɣǰɽȴûȡȻܹԼ˴ЧԼ֮ܵļӳ֣ΪҪöࡣ
ֹˣһɹɿֻͣԼܿĽɫյ£Լڣɽܵݴ޾ףĸо
һǣôһɲǵʱ䣬ɽܵһΪ߸ϣĸоͷ·Լµһ㡣
ˣ
ɽĹģܼÿһ㲽̤ڶһ£ĳײڴ趯ԽԽӿɽоԼԽԽǿЦñҲԽĲá
һ࣬߸ߵıϣʥʡΣڰɽɲǣԲһ¡
ǡ
о϶һᣬʲôԼӿ뵽˰ɽڣǵˣǹӿͬʱʥʡĸоǹɴһֱԼͻȻ֮ɶ˲١
ˬĸо
ʥʡŴŵİɽжʱʲô
һоԺǰѲ˹ϵʥʡֹ˼ûУĳ졣
֪Ϊ˿ڵǸ˶˶ٵĴۣмٴͼѰҿǸİ취
Ȼ̤Ьٴȫѹ
ĺӣ͸ǣ
һֱ飬ȻɵľͰˡ
ãã
ϣʥʡЦ˺棬˸߲ңȹ
ʥʡģܵĺʹҲŷ׷׺ȲʣЩһĨϵҺֱӴλվŹĵơ
ɽʱŤҲԽ𾢣˼üŪۣȺҲԽĴЦ
Ȼڻ¥ձɽ赸߳ʱ˭Ҳ벻鷢ˡ
ϣ
ֻһ콣˲Ϣ¥ͬһʱ䣬һޱȣ쳹
赸ãȴ̫ۻᣬû֮裬΢Ҳһ裬ǰˣ
䣡
UδҲ࣬һӰվ峤ֳһɲǼ䣬һĽͨգ羪һ㣬ӹ¥
û˷Ӧһ̤˲Ծ뵽˴֮С
䣡
صɲǣɫ䣬гһնֱӾһ¾ֱɽȥ
ǰȡ
ֱ

ۿһƻֺ꣬ƺһҪѰɽնϣΧٹ٣кʹߣɷ󾪺
Ͱɽڳſڷͻ飬Ѿܣ˭Ҳû뵽ʥʵ棬ôҪĳϣȻֱӶ԰ɽ֡
˵ǣȺʸϡ졢θȫ˶ȫˡ
ôôĵӣô˿ž͸Ҷ֣
һɲǣʸ˶סˡ
֪裬ҪȻҲҹȻвɺˣΰ󶼻ţʸҲû뵽ȻΪֵزʥǰɱˣ
ңʥǰҲҶ֡
һȴӴϴڡʥʡԣͷףͷ˪Ľ̫ྪĿɿڴβŷӦȳ
ȥҪֹ
ԤϣһӶߴֹ̫ࡣ


ڶǧ ս裡
£
̫࿴Եʥʣ㵲ѡ
Ȼʥֻ˵䣬û̫ࡣĿƣݺݶŴе塣
壬޵ҪжĵӣֻҪɱɽ޾ͽ㳹£壡
ʥʺݺݶǰ壬ӹһ˿Ĺâ
䣡
¥ǰɽʧɫʶҪԱȥǰÿ
ֻһ죬ըɽУֱӱϷһѲȴӲһ
棡֮֮ܵı֮ΧʮڣĹ½ɡ
ͬһʱ䣬֮ʯϤе
жʱӹһ˿
֮
ʼһڱ룬Ϊһߣ֮ܵų⣬Ҳڲġ
ڣɽĹؼȴˡ֮ӡ֮ܵļӳ֡
ʵٸߣȥɣһǿʵҲܵǯƣӲۿۡ
Ȼֻ۾һУû̫ɣһ̤ͬʱ̤һ׺ݣŰɽ̶ֱȥ

ΧһƬýǰľƱˡ
ֹ
ڸʲô
һ󳼾ɫرǺ彻õ󳼣ǽѡ
ڳ͢йϵشûִ֣롣
壬ʲôǰҲҷ
ͬʱһϵUδ࣬ʥĵطָüͷһ壬Ҳɺǳվ
Ϊٹ֮ףӦóֹ壬޹زɷԲΪ˰ɽΪά򣬶ôȥ

ʱһֻסָ
ƻ֮
ָͷȴסԼƻ֮
ע⣬Ĺ󶼻ʩչǽ裬ֳս裡
ƻ֮ҡҡͷ͵
ա󴫡˵ǧǰʦ񣬸ˣԻǰ衯
غʱҲս֮Уڳʱϲ衯֮Ի֮Ҳϰѧ֮νս衣
սǺ֣佫֮裬˵׸ʥûκġעĽ£ͻᷢĲͨͬ
ƻ֮˶٣
֣֮غʱѾʧҲ伮һЩأűϳû뵽ѧˣȻʧս趼ᣡ
˵󣬻ƻ֮̾ѡ
ָ˴ٿе壬ʱһ仰˵
Ȼо䣬ʱ˿̣𾪵ĻЩ彻õٹ٣ҲǴָϯеĴǬӡУԼ֪ʱ۷õˡ
࣬书޹أٸߵ书ҲĴڡ
аɽ߻һУȡǿһ㣬ԲŸд˵Ϊ֮¡
ԭΪȡ࣬ᱻ˲ټʢ磬ʹ߾ۼʥôĳϣֻһ֧ѣӦò˵Ļɣϵڹֱӳˡ
Ҳ֪Ƿ񿴴һʵǰһоܱϡ
ֳٵǣ
ˣҲ㣬һʥˡ
ɫţһ˵ţһߴվҪ룬ɽԸ塣
С䣬Ҳʲôݣ󶼻ʥʾ׽Ŀǲֵķݣ
ʱ򣬴ǬӵҲ࣬һӰվͬʱһǿɽ˲˴Ǭӡ
£
һ߳ȣޱȡ
ǬֻŤͷһۣʱɷޱȡ
³
ôû뵽λ̩ɽһıسȻԳֹ
һɲǬһָоֻҪҳ֣³һԥֱֹӶ֡
³˵ĲλְλֳϻǲҪˣ°ɡ
ʱһ
ھ벻ԶĵطһӰۣվȻĿ񣬿ҲȽºͣ¶˼ȴᶨޱȡ

һǣ˵ǬӺãСׯޱȡ
ˣһǱ飬һǴеʵȨ
ǬӺȻڰеλߣʵҲﵽ󽫼𣬷£ҲǾصʢҪϣ³λصĴȣݲ˲ֹһ㡣
øСׯгصǣǬӺʱ⣬ͻȻ³ȴƺ׼˻û˵꣬³Ѿǰֹȫκλᡣ
ʲôͷ
λسȻѾϵǵж
ž
һļž
һǣúʹǬһһףվάȡ
βʣ³λسûһ㷴
£
ͻȻڵɫҲࡣ
ͻȻ볡ֱӶ԰ɽ֣³ҲһǱܵҪֹ
ȻڤڤУ˻ǲԼͬѡ壬ûκɣֱ棬˴ǬӺá
°ɡ
ۿų潩סǬӺ˽սԥʱһֱֻ۴һ¡
ǬӺûͷͶ˸еĿ⣬߳ҡҡͷ
ƱǿβʣʱҲǵٹٵ棬ײ³λ͢سʱ
ǬӺԥãڻ
һ࣬룬ͰɽѾսһ
үʲô
ɽһʧ룬һߺˣһ߿ڵ
䣡
ֵţǶ̵һƣڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣѸٵסǿֲһ
ɽЩˣ壬еľʥڣѹ壬ȡ鼫ΪأҲ˵ʵٸҲܿ仯֪ΪʲôЮ壬ɽܵĸоһֻֿš
ǳ·͸һУһԼеܶѾ忴͸˵ĸо
ڤڤУǰһĻɽǰǸ籩꣬ڵҹ
ʱ䣬ɽʵǣͻԵĳΪ֮ӣһѵĲ£˸УׯıʿİæЩ˴Ըѵһ֧ҷơ
ɽԭΪԼȣѾη壬ǿɱȻ޲ýһϵ飬ɽֱͷܵ亹Ĳһɿ־
ɽôĵӣڱǰȡ
Ǳ·һڰɽĶըޱȡ


ڶǧ ⽣Ӱ
㡭Ҹ֪˵ʲô
ɽЩҵ
Щˣ
ܿ
ôܣ
в˵ֻδӣԼغѾʿܿ𣿣
ͣ
ɽ»ңһʧĽ˼ͷȻֻѲɽļͷֻһƬ²ѿһȻˣͺһʲôεĶһ
ڱǰ㻹װɵǰһҾɱ㣬׽

Ϭ֮ŭ
̤һй
һбʩչսеϬ֮ŭʵȴ¾
һΣҲǵ۹ҲԵֵ
䣡
ɽһУǱˣһǰȻ
һĻüͷڶ๦ɱرǾʱĴ˲٣֮ܵѹƣֻ߳ɣҲɼ侪ˡ
ƾɽʵ˵Ӳ

ʯ䣬Ժӹһͷܿ죬Ŀһɨ˰ɽִĴָʳָָϴŵ͹ӹ죬֪ʲôɵĺɫָϡ
ɽ£ɵĴӣмƤ¶޴ضΨһɵģҲִֻöָˡ
Ϭ
̤Ǭλλ֮һݺݵնɽ
䣡
һն¥ǰХ·ɽһ㣬ϿգҲһʳ룬¶һֱģмʮɸߵľ޴պۡ
ȷɽԴڲ顪

Ǻ˵һܷһ󾪺˶ֲһסˣ
䣡
⺧˵һɽңڱǱܣһ䣬һɰͬһ㣬öɫĽָбŷ赲סֲһ
ֻһ춯صıըƥĽϯķƬض΢΢ƣѰٹԼʹ߶סˡ
ﻹʲôĿݣѾǲˣ
£⡭
Ϸ߸ߵıԣͷ׵̫࿴һԵġʥʡֹ
ôʹڣٹڳλ۹سôĿ´֣չЩ̫׵
Ǽ
ȻһУ̫˲סˡ
ʥʡϣųеͰɽ۾գûգһ¡
ɫǼȵ侲
ûǸ׵غʱս裬ͳ佫֮裬ɽ׸޵Ǻ˵ĺ裬˵ɶ֣ܳʲôֹ;ܾ
Ϊͳܹͳڵһ۾ϳʩչս裬Ҳֹԭ
ɱɣ޵أ
ʥʡϷһ˫ĿӹԽԽŨصɱ
䣡
Уʥʡֹ͸ûֹͣ˼ֻҪܹɱɽѾ
ʢΣ㡰ʥʡŭΣ
ɽ˱
׺ݣԵޱȵĹɽҲòʩչȫӦԡ
˵֮ǰɽЩ׾Ǭӣö֪ɽľʵʱôλɽѾòʩչ
䣡
ɽĽϵײһ
ʦˣô죿
ԵǬ͵Ťͷ˸УŲѡ
ڵ԰ɽΪĲѾȫ˵ļƻôȥ϶ɡ
еļƻɸаţ䣬ǬָֻС
Ҫš
һ侲ͻȻУжսеˣͻȻڣ
ҪܡˣûôףܾʹԼ󳼣ȫض˼ǣһ¾ԲӲûע⵽ʥһֱעˣ
ǬӺʶĳŴϷȥʥʡ飬˶ʱסˡ
ʥʡвԣֻҪˣǡʥʡԸõɣڵõĺã˵Ըǰǳȥһ֡
еĿɫ侲
һԣǬӺԣʱסˣֻԽû⵽ⷽ档
һо̫ԣ̫ܰܵ졣
侲йâ˸˲Ϣ䲻֪ıһӶ
Ҫǣûע⵽աûֹͣ
ѹ
û˵ǴǬӺͶˡ
һ뾩Ϊ˶ԸΪȡǲǸҪĿꡣ
ȻƣʵϣǴĿǰּ䲻£ɽҲԴԴϵļȡ
пȴҲ֮
Դжʼ֮󣬴ɽǾڲǿֻ֮΢˶ѡ
ΪһεжﻮãҲΨһһλᣬΣԺôûȡܡ
Ϊ󽫣פأ
Ȼûϵĳ֣Ԥϵжгֵ©ҲΪȫ׼κ£ŵȡ
½ػ¾·꣬ǺεҪĴ£ıʿʿͷ­Ѫ㾡Ѫöɵãò׵õĻᣬôܷô׵ʧܣ
ֹǣΪһ̣׼ôãѳɣΪܱɵһһƻһ֣ʵѾˣ
Ŀڣųеˣ
󶼻Ȼѵ볡ʢ㣬˾ͲؿˣǧҪ磬ʥʧ
ͻȻſڣ
һ࣬ɽԭĹ¡֧šеĻһ飬·ͻȻ֮ѹ
ۼһףǵصĳԼɽ𶯣ͻȻҲһԡ
壬㲻Ҫ̫Ϊ𣡡
ɽУȼһĨ׹⡣
䣡
δ䣬ĽȻһ̤ɲǼ䣬𶯣˷ʯ̳ɵĵ˲飬ۻ뵽յУΪһ쫷硱סˣȻݺݵĳѹȥ
䣡
һɲǼ䣬̳ʯɽӰŰΧҲͬʱ˵ߡ
棡
ľٶûнض˥֮мȡͷԿסʮ㣬ͷ½У
ʯ䣬ͻȻ֮ʯϤٴıɫ


ڶǧ 󱱶֮
û뵽ԼĹѹס˰ɽĲȻûֹȡ
ɽ
Ŀһɱ㡣
䣡
һ̣û˿ԥԭڳеļŮϯ׵ɿ
嵤𶯣ȼգеĳ㣬ǻɵĽһأ֮ǰƳŰɽն˹ȥ
壬ֹҵģ
һĻɽͻȻЦһҲ׹
ʲô
ʲôݴ󶼻
Σ
Ϊô׾ֹ
ǼŮȷȷʵʵӶͻļŮ˾ʲô裬Ҳȷʵһĳּ貽
ЩŮֻǸӶѣ̻һ㣬ֻҪȼʼһߣһоͺûκιϵˡ
ЩŮȫɱ⣬ڵҲû˿á
ڳҵĹɣ
ɽЦ
ⷬȴú˵ģɽ֪䣬ʥڣúĶ޼һ¾Ĺ٣ֻս֮У˵ʲô
ɽֻҪˣΪȷǻ˵ģ
䣡
δ䣬ɽԺ֮˲һȻҲ룬һ˹ȥһ֮
ֹˣ֮У޾ɽ֮뵽ɽ֮Уһ˹ȥ
̫ˣ
еһĻ仯ɽϲѣۣﵽһ̶ȷʱ䡣
ӣʼܴԼȡǿԼ
Χϯ֮УǬӣԼУׯ˿һĻһҲܲѡ
͵컻գѳɣѾû˿ֹˣ
ԵаĿӹһ˿Ĺâ
䣡
ʱ˿̣ո£𶯣޾ңԶݣʮֱӳϣһʮͬЩǸݴµĲá
Щ;ʦеһâӦ
ǶϣǱҹɫ֮Ĺâӳбŷϵǳ㣬ھʦ֮йһӴ󷨣󷨵ģǻ¥еİɽ
󱱶֮
ǸԼ˻ѾóȡĴ
ݵľ̶ݵĵӰɽϵľǯؼģȴǸзֳеļʮڴӣЩЩӣЩڿջЩ̣Щڹ֮У
ÿһطݵľ͸Щھʦ֮йͬһγ֮֡
ʦе֣֮Լݵֹͬ˴󱱶֮
Ϳ֮УצͳҪڽ֮ϣ֮е֮Ҳ淴֮Ҳ棬Ʒġδ
ֻԭȡ֮ɱµͳ£
ʱ˿̣ǰɽ
ӿһֹעɽڣһǣ˶ݣǿݵĵΪѨ
˸֣ǣǸΪɽıֱʡ
ѳɣҲǸпУѾ޷ֹԭڣ
ֵϵĲֺ֣ޱȣ򵥵ƻ˵ġ
䣡
һһӿ£뵽Լ֮УɽһָоԼս޲ʤ޲˵ģû˿赲Լ
رǵô󳼵棬ѾˣҲ޷ֹȡʹðɽĴ̼кʹС
ݣ䣬ˣȫɽһŪڹ֮䣡
һ̣û˿ףڰɽĸоУ¡һҡضԭٲӿµĺͻȻ֮𶯣ͺһնϰ㣬Ȼ˲١ɽеҲż𵴡
Ȼһлûн䣬գ֮һҵ𶯣ɽֻоġ˲٣ĵĸоͷ·ܵĳָһ
ô£
ɽʧɫͬʱܵ𺳵Ļк󷽰һֱ˳ᢵĸС
һȡڸ˵ǳҪУһִֻ££УһֱڲͣĽ첷㡣
Ȼڰɽ粨ʱ򣬸ݵһʳָͻȻ֮һ£ͺ͵ر˵һ°㡣
Ǵ󱱶ôܣ󷨾Ȼƻˣ
ֻһ£϶ʱ͸һ˿ݣɲ
𣿡
ڰɽ͸Ͷ𾪲ѵʱһУɽһ͵̧ͷһ۾Ϳ˫
ڣ㻹ھʦﶯֽţΪҲ֪˽Щ𣿡
Χ쫷ХĺһƬһƬȻȴѹһУڰɽš
ɽľģȴ廰еݡ
Ǽʮͭӣ͸һְŵģεжУżΪҪĽɫʧ
ôܣʦн˿ڣһиʹߣӣʱ䣬ôܲõ
еĵϲ˲ʧøɸɾɽ۾ǰ壬Ĳš
Ϊȷɹ͸ѾСģʮһǴ뾩һִ뾩һ൱뾩֮ǰѾ뾩ʦ
Ϊ˱Ŀע⣬ɽ͸л˸ˡͻˣگˣ˸߾ˣʹ̼֣ΪľǱⱻע⵽
⼸죬ɽҲķţԱ͵ص㲻ͣı任ÿһٱ仯ΣԱⱻ˲׽ۼʦֻһСطҲͰˣ˿ڣ仯ôƵұ˴֮ûϵҲûѰǵôҵģ
ʱ򣬰ɽʧȥĵš
ֻЦһܰɽͼıʲôҲܸжıΪԼè׽Ϸ
ȷʵ֪ǵľص㣬ֻҪ֪ھʦֵطлֳɵĿõӴԴټϳǷϿƵķֻɽԼʦеĵƦåӴӵܡ
ʹʦа˿ڣҪҳʮʱĿ֮Ҳʲô£
˵ףɽ͸л̫Ϊˣ

ҹɫ
Ͱɽ˵ʱ򣬳һլУƻͨ
ʮĸߴӣվһȦΧȻŸ죬;ʦеİղûʲô𣬲ϸ۲컹ܹϿһЩ˵
ݣ
ͻȻ֮û˿ף̶ХУһ͸ӣ˲̴һݲࡣ
˺߶ûһֱԵڵϡ
Сģ
լУһݲʱʧɫ
ϣֻ˸ʮʣѸٰڳ˷̬
Ȼ˲ŸոһУӭǵľһܼļꡣ
ۣ
գ֮䱻УԵڵϡ


ڶǧ ɱ
ʣµĲ¶˵ʵͣظ񵲣һֻֻȻȫ
żм䱻УҲ޹ؽҪĵط
ֻһ֣ͿԿóЩȫǾеľ񣬾ͨˡ
Ȼû˴һ̣һ͸ɱԾ˵ٶȿ
ȫΧ
һŹ
ҳӣɱۣ

죬գۼͽΧסûЩݲ䷴Ӧһײ
ܼĻУĳǷűµĸ֣ӵ룬ʮݲȥ

ЩݲȫǾеľԶԼĶҲֻ˲Ϣͱҵ
ͣ
Ϊ׵һٷ͵һ˺ͽһϵĳ˺롣
Ϻڿף
Щ˶ݱûˣ
ٵ˵ͷֻ˵һ̧žͰݱʬߵһߣȻѸٳǰȥ
Щݱ󷽣һС͵ļ̳Ȼӳ
ֻ̳߸ߣ˲һɫᦣǶһɫ塣
Ǻɫֻĳ޴̵һ֣Ϊ󷨵ۣ˴֮以๴һ󷨡
ϣ
٣͵س鵶ֻһͿǺɫᦣȻ̽һץץ˺ɫ壬Уɴ䡣
ߣǻҪɣҪֵЦ˻ڵţ
ٰ죬Ƭûϵʬ壬˵µֱֵȥ
ж˶֪
һλ˿ײҳæӽӵһеĳһ˭Ҳλǰӡ
λ⣬ر飬С¡
ৣֻһգ˶ʱʧӰ١
ǶϣǱʱ˿еĳȫԺ䣬ѾϢҵ̣ջ
һһɷµıư˽ȥݱȫɱ
Щصļ̳ᦻƺҲȫƻҽʹڶֻڴʱ˿̣ȴûκ˵ע⣬аնʢĽ֮Уƻ
ʱ˿ھʦвһӰףһԺǽһǷ̽Ԫá
Ԫøóȥȥûи۷¥ֱӴţ뿪˻ʹ
κ֮ٹٲýȴԳԪñֱӵִĿĵأʼӹָܳⳡж
ʱľʦ̻һƬ֣ҹɫ֮Уȴһɲ궯Ѫȵζս˿ĵط
Ԫ̧ȥʦ֮һ۴αȣÿһξ룬һ֣̤ݼ֮ϣĹܣּǧ֮࣬鲼ǳء
Ŀʱܡ
֮ǰЩѹƵļǷģ
˴ֱʣһ˵޷ǳǷԼͨĽӹ
ľʦȫĿ֮¡
ϷȻ֪ҪʲôҲ֪ʲô飬Ҫ㶯ô̺͹ģֻҪҶԥȥִУΪɣҲʧ
Ȼ㲻˵ʲô󵨵ķȥɣ
̽Ԫûعͷһۻ¥ķ૵
žδ䣬ԪָһգոմԺжߵһƺƬ
ƺͬʱʦϿգٲ㣬Ż¥бµҲŲ
ܣҲţܣ
ʱ˿̣¥УɽڤڤһԼͷϷ־ŭ𺧵˼㡣
̶ʱڣܼȡ仯ʼʱȡ糤ԴԴϣܹȡѾϸϪԭʮ֮һǰɽû뵽ġ
ô£
Եϯ֮У͵ػعͷ˺󷽵ĸС
ʮĴʮĴݵ㣬ȫƣ
дʱҲɫ԰ס
ежһּƻģҪﵽЧҪƻʮĴݵ㣬ֻ಻٣ôܣ
һɲǣųУ´¶Ӱּĸо
ԭΪν֮УԼڰһЩƣнľʦڻôҲô죬뵽Ȼ׵ľͱʶˡ
ھͳȥ
ǬӳƬ̣ľվȥȻʹŽգֻǲܽѣеɿԳȥ
ȻǬӸովͱסˣס˲ǸУһԵׯ
ͷŴǬҡҡͷ
ˣλķ񡭡ȻҵʮطȻҲҵõطڳȥѾˣˡӲȥˣ
ׯĻһĳˮס
ʦ֮ǰ͸жϸľڣķı󶯣һһĻᡣ
ֻʮ꣬ع־ͷ£Ȼɱ˺˰ֵ֮ܰʷǡɣ˵ķ˴ǵˡѾˣ
ң㿴һ£³ǣ𣿡
ׯ
ǬƳһۣѩˣ°Ŀ⣬жʱ
ô죿
Ǭɫһ۳е
𼱣лᡣ
еͷԺмٵ˼
˾ܽⷭȫúٽ漰Ĳ֣ȫһ
ֻҪаʱ䣬ǾͿ뿪ˣ
пڵ
ҪȡѾܣȻҲСˣ󱱶󡱻޵ɽ֮漰ޣʦҲֻһְˣҪͨϾһ֣ƻǾܵġ
ɽڻڼȡ֤
ҡǧ֮Ѩ֮ǰľٶҲûЧѾ˿һССġȱڡƬ̣ССȱҲɡѨƵ۹Ȼķѣ˥Ľࡣ
ֻҪﵽһ˲ԶǧǰʦĿģȻɹﵽ
Ϳˣ
пųУаеһθоһ˿ǡ
Ȼƽλ˳ᢣʤǧıǻ˿Ĵս񣬸ҲоӴѹ
Ų棬Զʤ
Ǹдʱĸо
ֻǵһν֣бһǿҵĸоλƵδĶ֣

䣡
һ࣬ХѾȫס˾棬ѹס˰ɽ
ֻһĺ죬еĳֺ꣬ɽʮɣÿһ̩ɽϵаɽնϣϢԺˣϵĶ¶նѺۡ
书㰲ɽ࣬ɲĶ֡


ڶǧ 
¡
ʽ󿪴أһն˰ɽ֮󣬺ԥľ糱ˮһϯݺݵĺɽԺ
֮ս˴ʳ˾ľǵһ˵ĵزѾʵʣ֮£෴Ϊֱӹʶĳ̶ֳϣ֮ϡ
Ȼֻ¡һɽľײɽԺ֮Уͷ·һεϵ£ȴ羪İһ㣬ȫΡ

ٴοһĻӹһ˿ջɫ
ɽȻʵǣûдﵽ΢Ҳ۷󽫼𣬽ӽ΢вٵĲַ࣬Ĺ£ĹǱ֮߳ɣеĹǾ񹥻ȫɽϵķֵ
ɽȻܶལзֵܹԼȴʼպˣ
Ժ⻹һ
ĵͲ𣡡
Ŀޱȡ
ɽ뾩Ȼȫ׼ΪЩܵԼľ̫ˡ
ҪǣɽȻƤ£ȡıʥʣѾġۡ
ϣ
ֻһ콣ĿһеĳͻȻһתֱûĽ֮Уͬһʱ䣬һ̤˲ʩչնݡһӰһ㣬˲ڰɽԡ
㣬㣬㡭
ӰɽĻң¶һ˿ɫͷ·һ㡣
о仰ʿգĿ࿴仰ʺϰɽʺ壬ɽԭƴһǽѾȫû롣
ǰɽǶֻ֣м֮ûл֮
ðɽģϵ䣬׼ôãҪıȴ˲俴׾ٵľĴ˲ֹ˰ɽǰǸҹĻ䡣
ԭΪԼѾˡ
Ȼٴμ棬ȴη壬ȴ˿ûиı䣡
䣡
ûȰɽ֣˲һĳֻһƲǵĹɽһɲǣΪץĿסɽֱۡ
컯
嵤𶯣˲䷢аһһ̣ƺƵӿӿڡ
ʲô
ɽʧɫıɫ
ڣ񣬸ȹ̣֮ļӳ֣ڵֱޱȣȻһɲŬ޷ֹӿ壬ͺڵȫһ㡣
ֹˣɽ޷ܺͲŵǣòһɲͻȻɶȻڵһӿ塣
ðɽֱ

ɽ־ŭһ˲䣬ŭ𣬶򵨱ֵţǶ̵ݺݳնȥ
նʳ룬һĵۡ
һҪǻУܱնΡ
ȻɽŸһ֣һ̡
һɰڷӿͬɽյһغڰɽؿڡ
һޱȣײðɽðǣͺӭ汻һɽа㡣
ʵͲ壬ַԸͺ֡һ𹥻
ҵҪеöָã
ʯ䣬׺ݵ˿飬Ӷߴֱͬ㡣
δ䣬ɽŵˣȻ繳ֱץɽֹӹöɫָ
벻ȻЩ˹ᣬһķҲȻ㣡
Ȼɽأôľ룬ڽָϸоһϤϢЩ˵
䣡
ˡ֣ɽһ˷·һС
ôܣ
쵰ô˶֪
һǣɽɲͺһ˱ܰ㣬ֱּĸо
ԶڶԶ̻ɽ߻ʵԶɽһֱΪԼ·ǳأرЩˡ
Щ˾߲㽫춼֪Ҳ뾩̡
ԶھʦôЩ˶֪
ɽľˣҲˡ
һ˳壬¶ڶǰûκεܿԣȥͶԷ⣿
ǰɽʱĸо
ʱͬˮ˵øɸɾɽ⡣
ܰɽξĹȴɴ׺ûκˮͳ͡
ֿ磬ֱӾͳöָץȥھ뻹ߵʱ򣬺䣬𶯣һɰʺͰɽȻͬȻֹץȡ

ʯ䣬Ժӹһͷ
ֺ֣ܶЩһֱ֣ץȡǿЩͬһͺΪһ壬Ѫ㣬޷ᣬһԶΣʱ̣еĽƣԷ
෨޷ġ

ǿķҲгܵļޣȻ޷ᣬֱӻͿˡ
䣡
̶ʱڣԾ˵ٶȹĵɽֹˣ飬һ̤ٹٺڶʹߵľУѿԽԽİʯ飬Ϊķ۳м˵籩У赲ߡ
ɽ֮ǰͳĶܵǯƣʵӲ˿Ĺеöɫָڳ䡣
꣡
ʯ䣬һӶд
ɽִĴָϣöھĺɫָﵽ˳ܼޣͻȻѿһ˿϶
ûȰɽӦȭ꣬磬һΰ㣬ϵĺɽ
飬ֻһգۣɽִĴָöɫָ˲䱬ѣƬһء
ӣ
ɽ˶ˡ

һöǿķ徹ȻӲĽ䱬ˣ
ǰɽ붼û顣
κηгܼޣҲۣûӾȻ棬Ӳһö
쵰Ҫɱ㣡
ɽŤҪĿƣѲˣֱͭͺһ
ݺ
ܵɽķɫ޶ԣ飬ܼĹ£ɽһöѡ
ɽһľˣ
֮ǰȻýö¡
̫ʼ˵öǧϵʷԱ뾩ݣʥʳ֣ûɱ
ڣʥûг֣һ˾ҪƵȫöˡ
ıԣ׺ݵĽĶʹԭʼײв


ڶǧһʮ Ϸһң
ڣֻʣһöڰɽ䲻ȥȵö飬ɽ޷ƾ
ǬӣΣ
ϯԵͻȻڵɫأмѡ
Ϊܵͣ峡еͰɽĻҳʯȫȫǰһĨڣһֱ۲㰲ɽ
֮ǰʱ򣬰ɽһֱǿҲڲϼڸոһɲɽͻȻ˥䣬ǵˣ˲ǣҲ˥øм䲻
Ѿȫѹסˣ
ǬɫأĶǰ
ΧŨ̹һм赲ߣǶڴǬֵ۹˵ȻԸ֪ܶණ
ϣսҲν
һԥ

Ǭɫһһлðɽ֣ھǰķʵ̫
ã
Ի󣬵ǬӻǺԥĲ˸е
ˣ
ʯ䣬Ǭһƿն͵۵һ㣬ըͬʱһϢųеİɽݹȥ
䣡
ǬӵľԶѷ壬ľըĲ˰ɽע⡣
һƳ䣬ɽŸкʹǬӵķһۣΧХ˵ʲôɽǴǵĿʲô
ǰһ̣ɽɥʧķŭ֮Уһ̣ͻȻ侲ͫӹһ˿թ׺ɫ

ʯ䣬ɽһУѻ¥ǰ󳼺ͺʹ߶һ
ʲô
һޱȣķŭ
䣡
һɲû˿ԥɽ͵ָһöɫβ䣬һɿֲĪܵҵıը
ɽԭô컯ס޷ѣǽһöɫβ䱬ը˲ǯơ
ǵˣһ̣ûйɽͷ·˺ݺһư㣬˲߷ݰ㣬󵹷ɳȥ
ۣ
ɽĵըڰ֮У͵һѪޱȡ
ͬһʱ䣬һ࣬忴һĻжӹһ˿ޱȵĹâ
ߣңͳȫ㣡
Ŀһ֪ɽҪ岻ûк˱ܿԱɣ˲׷ϣȫ͵һƺڰɽؿڡ

ֻһĲҽУһΰɽͲαװˣǽʵʵһƣ¡һӰкݺݵģʵʵײڵϣһɲ𶯣İʯ׷ըѣϸǱɽײһӡǡ
ˣ
Uδ࣬ǬӣãУׯ־ŭɲǼ۾ˡ
ʵߵĴǬӺøǾŭӣ˲䷭ӣŰɽˤķ˹ȥ
֮ǰļƻðɽһ̣ʥǰթˣºȫƵϡ
ϵ徹Ȼ˵󣬿޼ɵô˵棬Ȼ˳ˮֱۣӾش˰ɽȫûһ˼ɡ

Χе쫷ɢ̳ƽϢܵϯϣһ󳼺ͺʹ߸ǻվһޱȡ
裬գ
Ȼ֣ǽ˶Էʾȫͬˣ
ʲô
һ󳼷׷塣
ʥϣɽǴƵĹڶΪ۹Ԩĺ͸߾۹У嵱ǽңҲΪºͣҲסʥʲȻŭ
ֹˣǾĵһˣô˿ţŪûᴫһ張Ͷܣѹ۹֮Ķ
һ;Ҳͳˣ
£ҡ
ϣɽҲûзŹᣬŴһޱȡ
ɽǸ
˵𶯵ֻαװˣһ㣬ڰһƣҲˡ
յǣô˿ţȻҹġסȫûһ˼ɡ
һĲ㣡
ɽҧгݣ˼ˣҶ֣ˣ
Ź
Ȼһ̣û˵꣬ͻȻ֮䣬һ챩һ㣬ڻ¥ǰը
ɽôĵӣΪʥգȻ˽ǿķҪͼ죬ıʥ𣿣
һȷŭޱȣõ涼͵زһ¡
ϣɽײڵأ飬׼ʥǰ״壬ȣжһ飬Ļʱ˵ȥˡ
һɲǣɽѭȥֻ֮⣬Ŀۼһŭһ㣬һֻƸһֱָֻ֮УһѱըĺɫĩȻոԶĺɫ䡣
ৣ
ĻԭзĴ˲Ϣ֮һƬš
ɽһϣ仰˵
ɽջ¥䣬ȺۣϼǺƽ֮ᣬʥϺ裬ģ̵㹻ˣϻöǿķΪݴ󶼻ǿĻ죬ҪԱ²³ֹ㡣
˼թն֮㲻ãˣ£
ŭڣݡ
쵰
ɽڵѪ־ŭĲϼˣһѪ
ûʥǰףȻͷһңֱը
£ûУûУ
ɽ֣־ŭ
ô˿ţôܻȥдʥʣ
öɫ䣬ֻģֻһУҪôڳԼʥʽͣ
ѵ˵һʼ뾩ʱͷ壬һʼʹö䣿
˭
㺬Ѫˣ
£޴£
ǬӣõҲݺݵ壬ŭ
˭ǰҲǲڵķݣ

UδҲ࣬ٿһĻЦ
ɽ̫ˣȻҪ壡
ѵΪôսֻƾ̵
ǰʩթֱֿԣ
ۿսͣ״Ľĵ£ʶĳ˹ȥʱһϵͻȻ˶
£
ɽǴƵĹôܶв죿壬̫Сˣ
߸ߵıϷʥʡڿ˵ˡ
£
ʥʿڣ˷׷׵ͷ
ֻ̧ͷƳһۣʱһ䡣
ʥⷬѾǷǳԵƫŰɽˣ¶ûС
ؼǣϷԣֻҪʥô˵ˣʲôҲ˵ʲôûκô
ɽˣ
ϣʥʡվû˿飺
ȻҲһƬ⣬Ȼԩˣ
ūڣ
һԵ̫æͷ
;ת赤
ʥʡ
ūּ
̫æ
ⷬϣɽһϲ


ڶǧһʮһ ٽѣ
֮ϲЩңû뵽ʥʾȻΪԼ˵
ԼȻԼԸ塣
ЩϢȻûʥѾΪжݣҲôˣ
һɲɽϲòѡ
ɽѾף˵ҩȥһϢɡ
ʥʡһɽ
¡
ɽ͵͵һԱߵ壬ֹ
΢һ羴ʥӣ΢ڱʱ룬ܹԼһʥʣ޺ˡ΢Ѿʥʣ֡֡ɽ岻ʣϣ¶׼ܹ뿪ȥϢ
¶׼
ǬӺѪ۾ƳһķҲһߡһη壬ܾίĸо
ţ
ⷬȴͫһ˲٣
ߣ
֪ոһƣûô󣬰ɽƻûصֵز
˻ᣬ뾩
¥ۻᣬȺԼ棬ǿνġ顱ѹʥʣֵԼ棬͵ȡʥԼˣɳ˴治֮£ߣ
ôܣ
ʹ
ţҲãȥɣ
ʥʡƬ̣Ҳû룬ֻ˼Ƭ̣ͷӦ
ɽдϲԵҲǳһѸһԵׯ
ߣ
˵ز˾ȻƻȫƻҲûջ
ֻҪܹ˳صݣպǺƾԾɣ
¿л£
һ࣬ɽҲжǧصͷһм㡱
£
ʱһϤĮޱȣͬʱӶߴ
ɽСǬӵо͵̧ͷȥֻǰ̤һݲȣͬ
΢ҲоЩˣû飬΢Ҳϣǰˣ
˵ⷬʱĿǰûǬӵһۡ
ǴǬӡеȴƤ𶯲ѡ
һ뿪ֻ½뿪ʦ
󶼻ˣ㿴Ѫ³ˣͲ˰ɣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ʱһЦUδָ࣬Ϸһź룬һƹӣŵ˹
ǴĹҲǱصұۣүֻҪһԼҲˡңŸոտʼôʹߣүΪǴƵسôܹ뿪أ
ָЦݣ֪ģΪǶõѡ
˻⣿䳼ӦòҰɣ
Ƴһָɫʱ˲١
ָ۸°ѱҲӲı¶ҪԸ˭еǰһϺ˵󣬵һΪ˰ɽѾȫ˼ôˡ
壬Ÿոս߳ǴƵĵһλү޺ǵã㵽ڻûи޾һƣôھߣ˵Ѿ޶ˣ
ڴʱʥʡͻȻڵǵͳ˶߻죬͸һΣյζ
ৣ
һ䣬ǰʱձ˲١
еĺʹ߶о˲ԣ׷ʥʺ壬ʸϡ˸һȤζ
£ţƽվʧͣ뾩ջҲǶͻʺԺĻᣡ
ʸʹúԴܣԵ˵
Ȼ˱ڣƾǰһĻԻȥɳ޿ɺˡ
һԣû˵Ҳ¶˼ɫ
£΢иˣ
һ࣬ɽһ˿ϲץסᣬһȻؿڣһʹࡱȥ
ɽ֪ҪߣھõĻᡣ
ٵһ߶߲ˡ
ָѸٵĽһ񣬰ɽڴǬӡõġ£ûκע⣬Ѹȥ
ıԵСׯҲϢĺˣͬŻ¥ȥ
ˡʥʡĿͣھ³ǡ
Ǳߡ
Ѿ޹ˣ
ɽǱߺܿʹ˳ȥˣ³ѾϾ˼ˡ
վڴԵųе壬͸һ˿źͽǡ
ҪԸɽ˶֪ǰʥʡǰңΪ̫ƽ¥ѡ¼ʥʡвֻǽѡ
ȥ׷ɱɽº͡ʥʡײԲ֮٣
壬ɺͿ
Բʱײʥʰ
ǣƫƫֲܲ֡
ʱֻʵ䷴һĴŭʥʡ
ʱĻ¥һƬţʱ䶼·ֹˣһƬ̣˵Ŀⶼ塣
һá
ɽһغƽٵԪףδʹ˴Ѳ˸ϵ
ԶҲͰˣһᣬȻ͵ԼƤ£һݣ׽ǧ
ֻôû뵽һֹ̣ˣȻǴƵġʥӡԼָ
ǰġʥʡ֪ҲͰˣȻ֪Լ𾴵Ǹʥ˯֮УվԼǰģǸŮɫ޵ġʥʡһˣǸڼʮǰѾ̫ϻʳ𣬲Ұ̳дͳʸġ
һûʸҲֵ𾴵޵ӣ
Ҫλ޵Ӿƣ
£޴⣬֮ǰͺͳŮ˵ȵ֮Ҫһ¾ƣ
ʱһߴҲ࣬һȹ֪ʱվϸ޳аָһƣƹӻ˹
ү԰ɣ
һ䣬Ťͷ壬һ˫͸¶
⣬ھԲǶײʥʵʱ򣬲뿪ȥ׷ɱɽʱ˿̶͡
ô󳼻ʹ߿ţʱΥ棬ʥʡ㹻Ŀʵûаɽ鶼ûӰ졣
溦һʱ£ĵʥʡ
һ࣬ĿԣԺ˲Ϣͷ
һ˿Ǻ͵ĵɫԺࡣ
ھǺ͡ʥʡַʱ򣬶ңĿӹǽ⣬ƻͨѹѹһƬžľʦգжʱ侲
ɽȷʵҪɱܼһʱǽ֮ʮİտôƵİ֪ƾͣɾ޴ĴͳʱգĵλѽȣһսдսΪƴ棬Ϊай޲ս޲ʤǿսͬʱҲΪػߡ
ʥʸǱаպʹΣ˶뿴ڻ¥˵ͻ


ڶǧһʮ Χ°ɽ
˵ǣ΢һ
нӹƱʥһȻͷѸһ
ߣ
ʥЦһǱƣ¶һ˿Цݡ
գ
Ե³һĻڳһ
ôһɲǣжŵ˼㣬ٳ档
ʱ򣬲κ˳涼пܴŭʥʣʵ䷴ΨٲͬΪŮӣòʥҲúһʶ
Ҳֻʱ侲
һˣ
ʱҲпѣ¡
Уƣܿͺһصλϡ
ʥҲתĻص˴ϵıϡ
һǱڵĵ۹籩ôϢĻΪΡ
һ˿ٴͰɽĳͻʢ˵ֻһССĳͻҲٴ
ѾͲסƬֱ֮ûй˼ˣת뿪
뿪¥һƬڣֱչһ㣬ȫٳųŶȥ
䣡
ش򿪣⣬һӰĵȴţ壬ǰ
ô
忪ڵ
үɽѾ˻ʳǣ˻ھʦѾȥˡ
⣬ҵǻйѾڴ첿׷ˡ
ȸϥڵϼҴҵ
ɽ뿪ѾһˣڹȺȴٳٲӰнޱȡ
廹Ǽʱˣһл̫
ȸĻĿһ䣬һ̣û˿ԥ䣡
𶯣˲ϢһɰľԺбŷ糱ˮ㣬Ծ˵ٶȳ˷ȥ
ʦ֮д֣ܴܵƣ̽顣
ľǿȣȻھʦܴķΧ̽Ϣ
ҽʱ䣬ɽܲķΧ
ˣ
ľ糱ˮһ㣬˷չֻƬ̣üͷ
ܿҵ˰ɽϢǺвͬĸ֪УɽϢֻһﵽʮ֮ࡣ

ڴʱһƿдգ֮䣬һֻŸշ˶¡
ȸһʶסֻǿһۣ¶һ˿ϲ
үϢְɽټڶŵķ򡣡
˵̫磡ȿϢ˵
ҡҡͷľ֪ʮֻŸڳԼ
ȻֻƬ̣һֻֻŸứڶ
дϢȸʱסˡ
ֶΣ
ûпȸյϢ۾΢У㣬ҹɫѸһɨ
ڰɽֶΣ岢İ֮ǰڶſڵʱ򣬰ɽʹùֶΣֻʼʩһЩˡ
׼ְΪͿ𣿡
ЦһһΣѸٰεضʧҹɫ֮С
ϣڲǾȵʱ򣬴ȫ׷ɽһ򾡣
ԶԶģ
ǣ
ȸ΢΢һѸٷӦһݣ㷭һƥսķ׷ȥ
գ
һ󼱴ٵҹɫ𣬶˷ŷȥǷڻʳѲߵĽµķֻɽԼҹɫеȴʦеĵƦ죬ȫж
һεĴҹɫѸŰɽ˸Ƕȥ

ҹɫžʦ֮УһĻʦճڻֵʱûע⵽ҹɫУһӰԳһھʦ۴αȵϷԮѸѲѰҡ
ϣһУһӶﻥӦھʦȫ
ɱһҪŹ
ҹ֮䣬ֽǣԼӰһһݾ˶һ֣˵ȫˡ
ЩܲͼַʽעˣΪɽȡʱ䡣
йնֻݺԶǵĳǷԼɳıЩֻƬ̣ͱ׷׵ɱ
˺֮ǰϵ֣ȫһźס
ǴߣҪյעɧ
ҹһ˻׺ݵ
սһ֡Щÿһݾ䵹£Ǿͻἰʱ֣ʬߣûһ˿һע⡣
ⳡҹɫе׷ɱעκͨյע⡣
ʱ˿̣һ
ꤣ
һУһͭɫŶŵķĽֵмۡ
ʦˣǿºȫˣ
Ӱһǽǡ
ϸȥʦ֮еΧԼķ׷ԽԽ
쵰ȻŹңӲֻ취Ӳˣ
ﰲɽҧݣ¶һ˿޺ͽŵɫ
û뵽徹ȻޣȻһֱ׷ţȥ¸벻ʦ
˵ʱʱ죬ʱϣͻȻһҵ˻
ɽӲˣ
һ󱩺ͻȻϿը硣
ৣ
ɽɫòҰޱȡ
ߣΪʲôˣ
ɽߴٵһ̣ۣһ͸Ժ֮Űɽıݺݵڶڱڣβѡ
еʱȻֹ
ɽɫʱӲҰס
ৣ
ֻ֮䣬һһƥĽӹֱȥĶǣ⣬еı仯ӳ
ǰϳΧشأĳǷΧסһļڻѵĹâ˸ĺâȫ׼İɽ
ɽ˾ʦ㲻ΪԼܰȫ뿪ɣ
ǰһۣһƥͷӸ£
ΧһƬš
ү벻ÿɲ˵㣡
ɽվµͷɫƽ࣬ûһη壬Ŀ⣬͸һ˿ζ
ˣ
ɽǵ˿һ졣
ͣ
һɲ˲֣һƽӶһ˲˰ɽ·£ǰװֵȴûһ˺ۣ֮ǰڻ¥ǰ˺ۣȫҲ˿ĺۼ
ٵģ
ʯ䣬һͷӹԺʱʲôɫѿޱȡ
ৣֻһϵİɽʱնɱ
Ǵһ˿ЦݣĵУѪһأͬһʱ䣬ǷҲų֣ܼļ꽫˵ֱ˴⬡
ڵصͬʱɽҲ仯ӲҲһЩȫİһס
Ǭӡõ˵ףҲűס


ڶǧһʮ ɽĿ
ž
źɫӴǵĻ˳ĵذϵ£ѸըɷĩȻΪɢ֮С
ɫѵͬʱ⼸ǹɰɽǬӵ˵ϢҲʧ١
ƭˣ
ݵĺʿ
һĽһԾ룬ϸһ飬Ťͷ壬ɫѿ
ÿУʵٶỿһЩʿ
Щ࣬ʱΪսֽ֣ĳرҪĹͷȥƴΪȱڣƽ֣ߵֵ˵ĽӶΪʤᡣ
ֻǺʱţ仯ҲپڶսĳЩʱҲڲˡ
Щʱһη嶼ûУȻǴеľ
ս仰ɫȻࡣ
ߣ
˵תͷѸȥ
򣬲ϵĴϢ
ǻԶӲ񡮰ɽһ磡
ϳǰֽ֣һαװɰɽĺˣ
²²ɹǼٵģ

һһϢϴܡɽټ鲼ǳأĽȫǼٵģ徫ֵЩʮɽϵıҴȴʼûҵİɽ
Դ뿪¥뿪ʹ֮󣬰ɽͺţ뺣㣬ûʦʧӰ١
ǷǵĵƦ죬Ȼûһ˷

ʱ˿̣ʮĴѲɽʱûжע⵽ʳǵı棬⣬һ߸ݵӰںڰмߡ
Դ̫ʱ䣬λ̫ڻʵ۵ֳ⣬⴦ߵĳžͲ೹׻ķϣΪҵĽɣҲһأƽ˻
ĳ̶ֳϣǻǺľ;ʦطķγԱȡ
Ҫǣһƽռû˻
ҹɫž
Զƹ⣬ҹɫͰӰ֮Уһŵһŵǰȥûκε˵ע⡣
ϸȥͻᷢݣȧͻҼΪݣȻƲţҲ󣬵ʵޱȡ
壬̫ˣʵߣ⾩ʦĵΣҰɽȻԴݽݳ˭Ҳסң
֪˶ãһƬͻоˣ˵һЦ˵Ļȴ𾪲ѡ
ɽ
κͰɽʮǧµ棬Ҳû˻ΪǰɽȴԳǡɽ
˽ʮȥǸıϣ壬ҵңֱ췽ҹ̷
뿪ʦλİҲвˣ

˻һƻԻ͵ĵطЦһޱȡ
õһλææ뿪ʹھʦͷӬһѰԼӡ
ˣ
һ·ǰ뱱ĳǽԶҲ׷٣κ˵ͻȻͣĿһۣȻ͵һһȫ
һ̣ͷ·ħһ㣬˵Ѹ١ˮС䰫֡
ԭƽʵⰼȥĸҲͻȻ֮ͬǵһ㣬ԲĹĵģһķҲŴϽƤҲŻµʱɲǼ䣬һȻֺͬӰҹɫ֮С
ϸȥǰɽǺˣ
ʱһĻض𾪲ѣΪһһݣһһߣȫ෴󣬾Ȼȫǰɽ
ž
һԼĶƤϣɽ϶ʱ¶һϷˣɫ
ݵؽ磬˶֪ɽثֵġ׽ūšӡնĴºš
ûж֪ʵӡʲôӡ
ֻҪԸ⣬ثץ׽ūʱʱԻָʼǸڴԭϣҿٳ۳ңԳ⴩ɾͻʽ
ֻһ֮ҲΪ˲ثע⣬Լע⣬ɽһֱ͡
Ҫǣ˵һʼֻ֮ô˺ɽѾֻ֣Ǳ󣬾ͻԼԼɾ裬ѡ󱳡Լ
ţװհɵСһֺǵĻеĶֶᡰŴ󿪡׵ľǣ׻ɱ
ڰУɽƾֶΣһԼľ֣Ϊثġӡ
󣬰ɽƾơƷثλ̩ɽ㣬һţݶҪĵ۹ͽŪڹ֮䣡
ָоֱԣ
ڣɽͲٻָǸͻʽӣѾϲˡӡ
˳Ц֣ЦЦұЦʱⲻ֪Цһֱǣ
ʱ䣬ǬӺ͸ӦѾൽˣھֻʣһˡ
ɽһգа
Ŀ̫ʵ̫ױעˣһʹɽͽ˴ɢŶȥǵע⣬ҴµЩڳתһȦ
岼ǵЩĿ
ڴǬӺ͸ǡ
ĿͲǣֻҪԼ֣Ƿɢܿܡ
Ǹ쵰϶Ϳ˳ŵššţǰĸţ϶֮Сⱱţ겻ұûͨĵ·û뵽ﷴĻᣡ
Զʵľʦǽɽ¶һ˿Цݡ
ʦĴ֮˵ʵϸ˵ֻĳŴû˽һ䣬Ͼϣû˿Ը߾ھ֮ϣһΪǰ̫ʱڵġ֮䡱ˡ
ʱ̫ڻʵ۶λλ̫ӣżӣҪĵĴӻʹ棬˼Ǳ룬ɱ̫ڻʵһֲϵڲмϸֱӱɱ
λȫѪ
Ժ󣬻ʹźʦıžͱ׶
ɽȴ⣡
б޻
ĵΪӶšźط뿪
ûȫ׼׵Ľ뾩ʦ
飡
ڵʱͻȻ֮䣬ھͰɽĻУһը촫ڰɽĲӲλһöͭ׹ͻȻһһը죬ͭ׹֮УɵĹ⻪⻪֮¶Ƿӡ
Ӱ֮Уһһģһġɽһնɱ˵ѪҺ
ģѾǵʮˣÿ죡
ɽһ¶һ˿壬еĵЦҲ˲ʧ١
ٶȱĻҪö࣡
ԭΪʮٿæһΪԼȡʱʱ䣬û뵽ôһʮֻʣˡ
ðɽľ


ڶǧһʮ һУ
øϽ뿪
¥״ֱӴöɫ䣬Լ񣬰ɽһ飬ٴθоһԴĿ־塣
һ̫ǿˣ
Ҳ̫ǿˣ
ֹԼȡľٶƻԼ󷨣Ұ޽ɣʥʶֹɱԼˣ
˺ѾˣֱǸӣ
Լôа󶼻ݰǸһ⣬ΪҴҲȫֹж
Ķһ죬һҸ۵ģ
ɽкݺݵ
飡
ʱ򣬰ɽڲϵͭ׹ը죬ɵĹ⻪¶Ӱ
ôһƣڣڳעķֻʣˡ
ɽһľоһѹﻹҵ飬ӿٶȣЩֻǰӶݶȥ
쵰̫ˡ
ʱƬ֮󣬾ھʦһƣʵصĳǽǰɢ
⼸ɽ¶һ˿Цݣظ
ʲôʲôݴ󶼻ʲôս񣿵󣬻Ǳҵ۷Եõת𣿡
ɽһֵľʦٴε
ôҲԼٸ󣬻Ӯˡ
ֻҪ뿪ͳ׵뿪ˡ
ҴصݣͿִǸƻˡ壬ǻټģʱҿ㻹κҶ
һЦɽǰȥֻһ⼸󣬲һءͨ
ͨӸ߸ߵĳǽ£һ·ھͨ⡣
ǰɽԼ׼·
ɽֻһЦСٴ𣬼ᣬͬһͷèһ㣬ವһ˲˽ȥٳʱǰȻʣѾһˡ
Ȼûз֣
ï֣ܵɽЦһг첻ѣǺƾԾƾɡ
еһж޹ˡ
壬ΣҲɱˡ˷ƶҵˣ
ɽЦ
ȵǰ߰ԼĽӦĵصˣʱͳװȫˣжôĲʣκβ
ɽվһ׳٣Ƶľ׵Ūڹ֮䡣
ɽҵܾˣȷɱ𣿡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ڰɽΪʱͻȻ֮䣬һ·һ㣬С
ˣ
Ϥɽпһ඼©˰ģһ͵̧ͷбɲǵķһòɵԱߣһɫ˺覵վƺѾһʱˡ
ɽɫͬʱŤͷ˹
壡
ɽŵ۾һǣĿԣɽֻ÷·ʲôصһ£Ҫֹͣˡ
𾪣
ޱȵ𾪣
޴ľʹʹģ˼
ôܣ
ô
ңոǻ׷Լġ
һôͬʱط
һּ̣ĸо
ô
ɽѵ齩Ӳɫѿޱȡ
ߣ
ֻһЦ˳ޱȣ
ܳȻҲԳ֣ӦòΪֻɣ
飡
ƺӦɽϣһը죬ͭ׹ٴαһɵĹâͬʱٴʾԶĻ
һεصھʦϣڵλԶġ
䣡
ֻһ챬ըķ۳գһɽҲصĵڵϣ۾ԲԲģھԶĵطһΰͦϵۣԼףȻһģһ
壡

һھʦϣһʦ༫Զȴͬǡ塱
㣡
ǰ壬ɽ־ŭɵҲӦͬʹ÷һ
Ϊȴ󣡡
棬ŰɽŭӣЦ
֮ҵʱù㽫αװԼģֱ治ɽֱܹ棿
ɽ뿪ʹ֮Ϊ׼ʮܹѣԼˣתʵ̫棡
ϣ
˵Ǿ仰ɫһ৵һסϵĴɽ
Ϊ˶Ըɽնɱ彫ǿĴɽҲһ˹
һ£
˵׼֣ɽ֣һ亹
֮ǰһһ⣬ܵ·ΪأҲеϢ㵽ôҵģ
ɽʼһ˼⣬ͨأҲ׼˺ܾõʱ䣬εļĸ֪嵽ôҵģȴ
ߣҲ޷
ֻһЦɽʲôˣΪܵóѣҲ̫͹ˣ
ʱʥʹ͵öת赤оɣ
ৣ
Ļɽ˲ɫһһףŭޱȡ
쵰
ǧ׼ǷǸı͡ٵôû뵽һʱ̰ͼˣʱʥʹ͵öת赤ȻΪİܱʡ
û뵽ˡաȻǿžת赤ֽš
ɽΪ˷ֹ巢ټȻɨеľӡԷֹ¾׷ٵӡǣΪ˷ֹǧ㡱ֶɽǵˣһţȫ·
ΪֹԼߵĻֽţһûȫᳵ·
뵽ǧǰöת赤ϣ
ɽʱˣ⣬ȡʥʵʥʹ͵һöЧǿľת赤̾ҩЧǿע⵽汻һӡ
·ɣ
嵭ޱȡ
һȣһȣһһ⡭
ɽ㵸֣
һụ̂Хһڱͬһʱ䣬һǿ˲ε˰ɽ
쵰
ۿҲϲס壬ɽɫһ䣬üӹһ˿ĺ֮
Ϊ𣿶֣
¡
ʯ䣬ֻһ¡죬ɲǼֻƺƣХɽ͵һȦĽһ̤漴ֳһͷ޴׺ڰħ
ħ̹īһ˫䣬ɭطޱȣȫֱ治
𣡡
ֻһǾ޴ĺڰħֳǹì棬ƣǴͰɽһڿն幥ȥ


ڶǧһʮ һ
䣡
һХըǺڰħûֱ趯ֱŹһʯ쾪ɫһ㣬ЮŻԵȥ
ħ
Ǵ˵ǿɱһ
֮սԸԨĵʱ򣬰ʢΣʱ򣬰ɽûʩչ
صƣ
ɽʩչԭܼ򵥣ֻҪͻˣֻҪħ֣һ̬Լǵħǳҫģ֪һģǰͻʵ۹е紫˵սɽ
ҲǰɽԴ
һлԶûнͬʱ
䣡
б󷽣ɽѣʯ쾪ϢӰƻŰɽͬʱɱ˳
Ѫħ
ʯ䣬Ҳ࣬ǬɫտտĿһӽߵγ˲ʣ͵һƺƵĿ磬˺ѵһ㣬նȥ
˳ͬʱ𵴣һ־޴Ѫлһͷ޴ħƶѪͬŴǬȵĵ͵سն˹ȥ
һȣԲʮڵвľʯͳͳɷмը
Ѫħ
ǴǬʮʱһһ֮Уһλ˶֮еõһʧϹžѧ磬ǿ
λµıʼǣⱾħԴϹţڴʱڵѪȷ磬ƽ٣ɱ¾ǿаǿߡ
û⣬ħǿ󣬱Ӧʷʮѧһߵ͡
λǰԸŹ֣ڽ¾һ飬ǿ֮󣬱㿪ʼ룬ص˶һӴûг֡
ǬӵõⱾѧ֮޿ڽ֮뻯ĵز̴һӲĻɽϣһһ׵ľ쵶ۣ֮˼̵ӡ
ǬĿԵȻԣһԲҵ֥֮
Ǭؾ
ͬʱ󷽣ͬһȴһӰȻɱ
¡
δ䣬з·ը˫üšŭĿӣؽһɲǼ䣬Բǧڣ·仯ӿĺˣһһ㣬һһ޾һֲֿķʽеؽм強ѹȥ
ǹ޾ټӲĸҲܼм
õȭһʱҲûţȭһֻصģ沼̵ȭףͬһȭصĺ
䣡
һȭϢʱȻͬغʵҳһյζͬʵɽһ㡣
ͬɽ֮
¡¡һȭõıһӴɽƾճ֣ǵڶصɽ壬͵֣鲼õգõҰ࣬ˮΣ̲꣬ȻֱӸֳﶫĳ
Ǭؾ
еǬָľһɽһˮһһգµ
ʹǬͬͬǼڶݣȴ׹˲֪õ֡
ڰɽڽ֮УöĳտԶ֮ϣֳտͬҲʽϡ
ڰɽ֮Ϊ֮֮ǰǾеĸ߼죬һ֮УжʮھУڶ
ϲȫǧصȫףֳͱУڶ֮˲Լĵˣ֮ɱ
ʼʱûֻں˱Եǵ˺һ룬ֱӱںߣһ֮У
õĹûдУʦԶһһأһһˣ˵ĸоͬ˰Գܡ
õҲޱȣΪ֪ǣһΣһ洬ͻȻ֮䣬֮ˣ洬򷭣ȴޱȣ󣬵һؼ״Ӻ߳ʱ򣬾ƽϢ˲ŶȻָո֮ԻһˣΪںѡ
õ˺ԽȻӶ֮Уˡĵͬʱպصɽ֮
ֽȻͬಹ䣬ãǱڵĶǬؾ
ȻǴǬӻãȫǰ¶ʵһΣΪ˶ԸУϰɽһ˼£ݺݳնɱ
ߣ
оѸγɺΧ֮һĿû˿֮ɫ
ǬӺȫϢһ·ǱУϱƽһУΪΣʵϣʵѾ֡
ɽʶΪע⣬ΪᣬʵֻһԸ
ʼգǵļƻû塣
ɹ
ʯ䣬кһû˿ԥ˲ʩչһѧԪ޼̫ϴɹٻʮ졣
¡
âһһ¥ΡȻʣѸٳ󣬿ΡȻ׳
˵ĹɽһȻܶûУֻ죬ǬӵĴѪħԼõĶǬؾȫû뵽ʮС
ǻصĿֲͷ·뵽һȿռһ㣬˲ʧӰ٣ûм
˰Ĺһգ۲ͱʮȫˡ
ôܣ
һĻǬӺ˫˫৵һ±ɫ
Ϊ˶Ѿﵽ˶Ĵ󽫼ԭΪ㾡ȫһ㲻ܻɱ壬Ҳܹڸ𵴣ش壬ϵ徹ȻǵȫˣɲǼбޱȡ
Ȼûȵ˷ӦԱʱٶȱɳȥ

ҽУ˱㱻صײڵϣ̳
ͬʱһģһű̫ҪĿĹâ籡һ˰ɽħ
ৣ
һĻУɽƤҲ͵һ£¶һ˿ļµɫ
ħûдǬӣô󣬵ʵԶ֮ϣҪǣһӵмµ֮ǾضûãڰɽԤУⱾӦǴ򿪾棬һϵôһƣ򵥵ˡ
ȻðɽļºͲģһĿֲ
̣
ʯ䣬׹ֵĴɽбһˡ
׳磡
ڤڤУһ߲ͣ˶л죬ʱ򣬹âһͻȻԭʧˡ


ڶǧһʮ Σ־
¡¡
У˲ϢƹѿգڰɽϿգʮ׵ĵطǧ׵̫֮Ҫ͵ıŷŰɽȥ
һɲǣҵ׹ҹɫǽƬӳյͬһƬ硣
ã
ɽ󺧣жһǿҵΣոС
Ȼֻ¡һɽܵĻᶼûУͱ㾡ȫͬɵĴǬӣǵһ𣬺ݺݻУ
䣡
ɽҽһͻսɽĻӰ˲𱬣߷һ㵹ɶһײڸ߸ߵľʦǽϣ˳ǽеĴ󷨣󷨵һɹɹ̳
ֻһУɵĻ˰ɽǬӺá
ţ
ֻһ˲üͷǰɽķ
ȿȣ
̳֮Уֻһɽܿ컺վĴϵĳˡ
Ƿ𣿡
Ŀһʶʲô
԰ɽʵһֵܵ£ٲܿˣʣʲôЧ
쵰Һԩ޳ҲûˣΪʲôΣҪң
Ũ֮УɽΣŶ尲ɽҧгݣĿ¶ĳޡ
壬ѾˣǵøϾɱ𣿡
ôĳޣڰɽ˵ҲʼǸ˼ʡ
ûôʣɱ㣬Ҫɣ˰ɣ
ûн͵˼δ䣬̣һҵĵٴδеĴɽͬһʱ䣬ٴ˰ɽ
ҵҪķжǿܳסҶٴεĹ
쵰Һƴˣ
ɽŭһ͵ذεض𣬳ȥ˱۵ͻսɽٴθ֡
һ̣һƴƺ󣬰ɽͻȻһۣȻⱼӶȥ
ߣ
ǹͬһ㣬ķ
ͬһʱ䣬ǬӣҲ˰ɽ˼һӴܶȥ
̫ǿˣ
ֶĶ֣ٺȵԮ˸Ѳˣֻ·һ
Ͽ췢źţ֪ͨǸӦΨһİ취
ɽɫ̵ֻ
ণ
ɽ䣬úʹǬ쳤Хֱһ˾˲ɫ
˵۹󽫵ΪһХӦʮѾ˷ˣʵϣ˵ֻһξ룬·һεϣҲݲȥ
ǽƣ
һʲô
ɣ
ʱһӶߴһ㣺
ڲŷǲΪһȵĻɣ
ɽк˵İ֪Ժܾ֮ǰѾͼھʦΧһӴƣһΧ֮ڣеֻڳžʦķ򴫲˸
ǬӺõХκԮǡǡ෴ֻԼǳеĲ£
¡
δ䣬ؼƹҵ׵ܲգֻһ˲䣬ЮŻԵغȥ
ƴˣ
ʯŤͷƴȫֵȻӲܵˡ
¡һٴ߷ݰ㣬ɳȥ
һΣûӵĻᡣ
ɽ˵Ӳˣ
һȱ̹ǣ˷ɳȥͬʱû˿ԥ׵Ŀֲһ
ʮ죡
âһʮٴθ֡
һ̣巴һץʮΪһ೤ĽɫìУȻ֮ƳŰɽݺȥ
֮ǰͰɽֵʱѷ֣ЩƴĽУױֵֻǴѧڰɽܹɸ˺
ܰɽϵķжǿնҪġ
ʮôԸɽ
Ȼʮ컯ĽɫìŲɳһ룬һ˭Ҳ벻鷢ˡ

ֻһ죬ըѣز𾪵ĿУһҵͻȻһ޸㣬Ľɫì֮ը÷顣
ôܣ
һ͵̧ͷ
ɽӵпȷţһֲ׵Բġ
¡
ʱһͬʱڼ˶𣬾ھʦƣֵĶǽϿգ֪ʲôʱ򣬹ƴ˷۶ڱϿգγһ޴У֮и׵пգһһĳߣϵĴһʱΣյĸо
ΪǣʦͷƬطȫûκε׵磬һ£ҹ֮С
棡
ĴڣѾԡ֮СɼΣգ練Ӧ־Ѿѣڿʼ֮Сʼܵ־֮СĴʴӣʧܻʴӣ
ע⣡ڿʼܵġ⡯ʹ־ֱӲ룬ӡ֮Сʵ̶Ƚʱֹ
ԷɱжӰѾʼǿжҲӰ־Ѿʼģ֮еĴעɱĿ֮꣬Сܵ־Ľôӳɣڸǿ󣡡
ֻлɱĿֹ֮꣬еǿ
ע⣡жпܻᵼ±ı仯һȻͬߣʼܱĶ⣬ɱжÿʮ뽫10000㣬һֱֹͣΪֹ
ע⣡ܵġ⡯ܵżԡ֮СɱЧٵɣʱĳ٣һֱ޷ԡ֮СвΪֹ
ش¼ܵ־Ķ⣬ǰʼ֮񡯣
ʱ¼ڿʼ־ĸԡ֮С˺㽱жֹ֮󣬽м㡢ܽᣡ

̶ʱڣһ֮ʯٲԺй£Ժ֮Уǿ֮ʯҲŷ⣬͸һΣյζ
һǣһĶʱˮס
־
ĸİһһͣ뵽ˮһ㣬ʼպ룬Ҳ֮ܵų⡣
ǰǸ֮ҹ׷ɱɽʱʱͷû뵽ֹؼʱ̣ͬٴηˡ
гصǣڻ¥ʱ֮ܵ԰ɽɱ߳ɣڣֱ½ɡ
ʱʱĳ»Ӿ硣


ڶǧһʮ ֮ӣ

ʱͻȻһЦ
ɽ뿪ʹһԭĵĻ֣̿رֶܣǲֻʲѡ
һ̣ɽȻվ̧ͷܲƺǸ޴У˴Цѣ
壡ûУ춼ڰң
㴦Σ춼ڰң㻹ʲôҶ
Ҳ֪ʲôܣежֻԽǿҵԽԽ£һ죬һὫ̤ڽ£׵նͷ­
һ̵İɽ״񲣬»һ˿붡㺦¡
Ϥ
Ϥĸо
ٴᵽǰĸоǰ׷ɱȴʼһţǱУԺ֮յĸо
Ǹʱ֮о綼ڰ
Ǹʱûôǿ
ϡƣ
ǾΣյʱվȻƣĹ˵ⶼ㲻ʲôĻôգǸ޴оõ֤ݡ
ֹˣ


ԴԴϵԴԴϵӿ壬ǿԼǬӡǵҳ̶ȱ֮κʱҪ͡
ȫһʽĹע
Щʼ˵ǡ֮ӡʱţڣɽﻹа㻳ɡ
֮ӣ
壬ɱң
һ̣ɽĿͣ絶ݺݵģŶ壬ﻹ˿η壡
綼վԣôϻʲôηġ
֪
һ࣬ɽĻͫһ鶸Ȼ˲١
õ֮ļӳΣ
ɱˣ˭ҲȲˣ
ҲһҪ
¡
һΣʩչޣ˲仯Ϊһ̣ʧ֮С
컯
ɹ
¾
ǧ

ڰɽбϷһ֮У籩йɽ֮ƣɽڶ̶һ˲䣬弸еĹʩչ˳ȥ
ΧǧڣеʯµľҰݣʯȫܵӰ죬׷ײض֮ٺɽ
䣡
Զڴ֮ǰľɽ¡һ͵һصĺ밲ɽԺ
ܵ½ɣҲȫȻˣ
Ǭӡøҳ֣ʵ½ˣ
壬ɱң
ɽӹһ˿Ĺâһ̣ͻսӰٴγֻ֣Ǳ֮ǰԽʵԽĸߴҲԽĿֲ
ϣ

ͬʱ򣬴ǬӡҲйâһһᵶһὣŰɽͬض𣬺塣˶ڰɽĹȻɽߣҲߣ
Ѫħ
Ǭؾ
ٴʩչȫǿĹ
˲ǰɽûиоı仯˿ɽʱԸоһɹǿԣԼڣǵƣҰǵĹ
͸ոȣ˶Ըоʵ֮࣬ǰӵǿ
֪ܲʲôȴ˾޴ġ
¡¡
֣ͬʽ֮ǰȣȴһأͬն
һֻ̣һ춯صľ죬ֱۻǿĹݺײһƥϯ˻ģײĵطǿռ̮ŷһһĺɫѷ죬˷ӿ
¡
ƥһֲĿ磬ϯ˷
㰲ɽ˽߾ȫɲĶֲ֣ͬʵֻƬ̣ͱ׽顣
ĹྡྷЪһڷ˵Ĺ֮˳ƳŰɽʹǬӵ˺˹ȥ
ܰɽռϷ磬յĽȴϴεĽûκβ졣
꣡
ʯ䣬ֻһ죬·ض˺ˣû˷ӦͰɽ֮䣬һҵĵ̫ҫۣȻ˲ǹķѡ
屬һûɽͱ׵УΪһ̺ҵȻƮɢ
ɽǬӣ˲

һǣǬӣöȻ۾о˼𺳡
˵֮ǰһĻ˻ûпôһΣһжװ׵չʾǰ
һλ˵żȻα׵УͲôˡ
壬㿴ûУڰң춼ڰң㻹ôҶ
ɽȻſֱۣЦһſ޼ɵζ
ͬһηˣ
֮ӣ֮ӣ綼ڱ
쵰ΪԺԼǲ¶ٹͣĵλôԺգݴ󶼻̸ʿûһã
ԶٴΣԶɱԼ
壡ɱңܣԸҾڶԸ죬Ը磬Կδ֮֮Ϊ
ɽۼ裬Ŷ壬еĳ
ң壬עֻҵūͣԽɱңҾͻԽǿ˭Ҳ޷ֹģ
£ǰδҿԿǸһ·Ψһѡ񣡡

޾
幥Լʱ򣬰ɽԸܵ˷֮κһζҪǿڳˮһӿȣԼڡ
ɱֻԽԽǿ
𣿡
УɽĻɫޱȣǺܿ죬ͱɱȡ
Դ󣬲֪δ֮ȿûӹһأ
ɱɭɭ
Σ
һɱˣ
ˣ
Ŀһ䣬ʱԥٴη˹ֻһΣٴʧ٣˵ĸ֪ƾˡ
Сģ
ʧɲǣǬӺһоΣա
һΣ£˰ɽԣĹܡ
ǬӣСģ
ͻȻ֮䣬ɽ·ʲôҲ룬͵һƳŴǬӵȥе棬ıը̳
ɽķӦѾܿˣǵ͹ʵ
䣡
ֻһ죬ըѣǬֻüתͱһƻУʮľâʹ컯ڵʯͬʱһһһأ˲ǬӵĹͬʱǬɳȥ

ֻһҽУǽһó˺ϱĴֱӱǬҵѣǵڶãáǬһƣһֱҷʮôмҳͣ

һҽУɽһ࣬øոջôԮǬӣžͷ·һεľ׶Уͬݺݵײɳȥҳ̳
̶̵ֻʱ䣬ɽߵԱ󽫾ȫ߽⡣
֮ʯʾֻ˵еĹ֮дͣңȴû˵Ҳ
ǬӺȻһֱΪɽߵġ֮ǣӵ˼ǶȴûκвҲƲ֮С
һ©ֱӾ߽˰ɽǿս


ڶǧһʮ 辶

ɽ˲ʧȥ˫ۣǽţǷŭǺ¡
Ļ˼㣬ʱ׼Ӧû֪ʲôʱĹ
ҿ絽ΰ㣡
ڤڤ֮УǱ̹ǵдȴǱòһ̣һĹӰ彫ʩչޣ˲ڰɽеĴɽŷҫ۵ĹâŰɽĺݺݴȥ

ڼϷεУһ޸һգ漴罻֯ߣԾ˵ٶȴе¡
ֿ죬ڤڤйЮ־ǧٶȸ죬Ľûɽĳ̺ŻԵѾ䵽ǰֻߡ
һĻɽϽ䣬һţ֣һ̣һϲĲǶԸǧѷľѻᣬҲȻһȭ㼯ȫ˹ȥ
ݱѣ
ֻһХɽڹΪһͷ޴ĺ̹֮ƣȻݺݺ˹ȥ
ںצ£ձ任¶һĲ
ǰɽıݱѣԤ⣬ݵʽ
հɽĹ㣬Ĺ֮ͿԽ˻ᣬֱ塣
һֻûצϻҲֻһͷһѡ
һ̣ɽɫ㵣𾪲ѵ鷢ˡ
ϣ
µɲǣɫ侲ȻԼеĳһס׵磬ȻѸŴɽһ಻Զĵϡ
һ̣ԭȥ磬ٴ뺣һ㣬˳ų뵽˴֮С
ǿֲģȫ΢֮ϵ֮ҲһϤ˴֮С
ôܣ
ɽһĻɫˡ
û뵽Ȼֹķʽɻ֮صһ
ߣ
ʱһڰɽðɽѡ
塰û֮УŰɽıӰ¶һ˿ȵıͲм
룡
һ磬ֻһ򵥵ĵؼ׵жôĿ񱩣Ҳжôǿ󣬺׾ͻᱻͻرļֻҪʵͿԽЩԵ׵£ΪΡ
ܰɽֵ־жôǿֻҪŵʽ׵֣ͿԽȫ֮С
ˣ
ɹǧ֮ʱضڲƺڷŭо
ȻʼգĿᶨû˿ԥ
ಣ
âһһѸɽľݱѣ˲Ȼһץסֱۣ컯˲䱻ʩչ˼¡
ɽ;ûһá
ã
һǣɽֱϣսʽʵϤˣ֮ǰڻ¥ʱַʽճסֱӺ䱬öӴķ䡣
ɽΪһ壬ҿ֮ΰ㣡

Ͱɽߣͨ־εĸԤֻҪ壬ͻͬɽͶ
ʵϣսҲЧǾ޴Уܼһһ󣬳ҵ׹⼸ʦҫ磬ܼ֮УƺҲо籾ķŭ
ɽȴûע⵽Щ˵Ǿ仰ʱлңɫԽĲҰס
ƾ裬ν֮ӵݣںսУƺ綼ڰǾһ仰˵ڽߣ֫ʱǧֻһܵͬĲ
Ĵ컯׵ĸоһϢ
ҪɱңҪɱңֻǸСˣαغһƽϣ
ɽ壬Σͷ亹ˣ
Ҫʲôͳͳ㣡ո˵ЩȫǺ˵˵дǧҪһʶ
ɽľս꣬ɫ˿־ޱȡ
Ȼȴδš
δһɹ֮
ûκ˿赲֮У
䣡
ʯ䣬âһ͵һȭݺݵڰɽؿڡ
һ֣ȭϹӰãͬʱֳһȭͷСĽɫպѪɫԲ¡

һûбѵصƣҲûлֺɵ״ϵȴ컯ǿľѧ֮һ
ﵽ΢֮󣬶ĲٿѾϸ΢Խƴʽֱȭ֮У
ֻǵ֣УڰɽڱԽ飬ֱӱ
Ȼ־ڱصõһڰɽؿڣһȦĺɫҵĵˣеĹɺȫա

ɽ飬ζģضϵ֣ͫһʱʲô
¥ʢϣѾ˰ɽöǿķ䣬벻ǣö֮󣬰ɽȻлķ
һ࣬ɽǾľ죬Ҳһ亹ֻԼʲô
ǸԲ򣡡
ڤڤУɽԺжһͷ
֮ǰȥһͻս֮ɽɽõһöԲ
ȻɽҲ֪һöû뵽öȻǿ󣬿Ȼ֮ǰö仹Ҫǿ
ȻɽвŸոոֳһ˿ϲһ̣ǣȻڶ߻죺
ҵҪ㻹жٵıֶΣķǲʲôס
ϣ
ֻһУԶǬӺֶڵϵĳؽʱ·ܵһǣţһһǰһ󣬸ԴͬķŰɽͷ
䣡
ͬʱָһգȻ߬컯ɽڹͬ屾ڴɹʮۺ£Ϊһ壬ٴҵĺɽ
¡¡
̶ʱڣͰɽ̱ӡһ˰㣬ٴصģܼײһ
âһԲĽٴθ֣ȴѸ˼㣡
ͬʱǬӵĳõؽĲٿҲŽ˰ɽ

ֻһĲҽУڤڤѪ䣬ɽ־ȻһؽƣӲ˰ɽһֻҶ
ѪӿֻҶžһڵϡ


ڶǧһʮ Ҫ
岢ûзŹᣬһǿĿѧڽٴαŰɽбȥ
Ҫ
ھǶԸɽõĻᣡ
ס֣
˵ʱʱ죬ʱһŭľʦǽ֮⣬ƺƣȻһ籩ڷ籩֮У貵ǹ䣬۽һɨһӰ׳磬Ȼе£Ծ˵ٶԼ
츮
ܵǹϤϢƤһҲ˲ɫ

Ҳû뵽֮ʧ츮ʱȰɽ
˲Ϣ䣬ͷӹԺֻһ˲˾Ӳ츮Ĺǿɱɽ
¡
ʯ䣬ֻһ죬ĹڰɽϣֻһɽϷ·ʲôһ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ츮У¡һǿֱӽǿɡ
ҵĶ䣬ҵĶ䣬ӣɱɱ
ԶɽûˣһֻҶָ֮Ѫעһֻ֮УöɽõĽԲ
ʱԲϲѺۣɫҲ࣬ȻܵĹشˡ
ǣڵİɽѾȫ޷öԲˡ
ʹ裬ŭ
һ̵İɽ壬޲ýʬΣ
һܵش
ȻûɱһȥһֻҶֱɽ
ʷǰ衣
ɽӲˣ
һطʮ⣬ĨȥǵѪһŶվ
ɫ԰ףϢӲ츮һȻҲڸشĴɹ˳츮һɹĴ
쵰
һ츮Ҳñŭѡ
缱ǵĸ˹ȫ壬徹ȻӲĹǿɱɽ
Ը߰츮˵ֱǳ裬֮ʱûܹӣ
֪Ķʱ򣬻˿㻹ȿǿôɣ
츮ɫ
ݣ
Ҳ˵ʱΧӰζһһӰϢǿ籩㣬츮ΧΧסЩ˶һɫĺۡ
ÿһϢǿ˿ڰɽٻĵӰϢ磬ѵأ츮ȣҲڲ֮䡣

ʵ֮ǿȻǷ֮ں֯ٶļ
һ츮Զɺܴв֣ټĺǿߣƶʱתѸ뵽˼Σյľء
֮ӣεĿ걾㣬Ȼ㴳ǾԽһ
ˣھʦû˾ȵ㣡
ҪˣɵϵĶ

츮ͬǿĿ¶⣬һϢǿޱȣ˲м塣
֮ӣ
˵Ļɽ͵۾һ㵡
ЩЩ˵ҲӲ֪徹Ȼһĳصĳƺš
ֻǡ֮ӡǡ֮ӡ
̶һ˲ɽͻع
ҲʲôɱһҪɱ
ɽʧ˫Ŀͨ첼Ѫ˿ޱȡ
ʲôڶѾҪˣôڣͲɱ壡
嶼
ߣɽΪЩˣܶԸ֮黹ûн
ЦһĿ⴩ЩˣԶİɽϣǳ
־ֹɽΪЩˣֹܹ
ͷԲѣҵҪм֣
츮Ŀһ䣬Ҳ̬ȼŭˡ
϶׶
϶ӣ
ʥã

츮һ֣Ǵɱɱǿľѧ㳯Ϯȥ
ͬһʱ䣬츮һ˲չǹʧڿС

Ы쳽
򳽱ѣ

ͬʱ˷ĺҲ˿Ĺʵߵļĸ֣ͬʩչǹϢʧС
սţֲֿϢ˲Ũҵ˼㡣
ߣ
ȻˣʱȴһЦ츮Ϊ˶ܹ׵նɱ̫ˡ
ʿյĿѲյ°ˣ
Ӱħ
ۿһԵĹҪ壬һ̣츮һ𾪵ĿУӰͻȻʵ飬Ѹٷֻʮģ޵Ӱӣʧ֮С
ϢҲһǳʧĸ֪С
ôܣ
һΣ츮ڵһθо𶯡
Щ֮ôЩ
һĺˣ͵۾һŵ
ʱУ֯Ҳһֱվ棬ÿһʱܻһЩǿģܹв֯
ЩᱻѸǵЩҲᱻ뵽֮С
֮֯УһרŽܽص䣡
ʩչеļؼΪƣЩͷոӹԺһ˶оһĲҽУ
ң
󣬰ɽͻȻľ֡
ɽͬ壬ʵЩΪ֮ӣɽΣյĸ֪˿Щ֮£й֮޲
쵰

һǣк˶ŭˡ
˭Ҳû뵽˵ذΧ֮£ȻСġȥ׷ɱɽ
ɽķӦѾܿˣԶԶ͹ɱľġ
¡
ʯ䣬ֻһ·ƣľ죬Ĺҵĺ˰ɽϡ
ɽϵĽԲس׵ıѿ۵ĴһҲԶԶɳȥ
̣սûֹ壬ȫõʹñķʽ¡
ôһɲǣɽһռѷ죬ҪƫתĹɵҲȫıãƹˣ

ʱ˿̺ҲӦһζҪըˡ
׻Ȩжֻһ㣬ȻϾܹնɱϧôˣȻûȫӦǣȥԸɽ
ɵ
幥ɽ¶εɲǣ츮ǿߣȫΧƹֹϯȥ
Ϊ˷ֹʹӰħ֮ܣ츮һʮö϶׶ͬХе·ߡ
κιģ츮ʱ¶вһӰħ֮ڹʱͬˡ
츮˵ôľֻҪһλ㹻ˣ
Էӵϵںˣһ̣Ҳ޷ӱܡ


ڶǧʮ Ǭ
ɣ
ʯ䣬ͫӹһ˿Ĺâһݣһɫĺ˲
ʮǺΰ׳۵¥ٴθ֣ұݷ˼£ʱ˿Ҳֻƾʮ죬תеӦһС
Сģ
󱲣У
˵ʱʱ죬ʱһ챩ȣһ㣬Զ
δ䣬ϢֲӰԾ˵ٶȳ˵ķ
Ӱٶޱȣ֮֮ϳɳĹˡ
ϵϢ֮츮Ҫǿֲ
ʲôˣ
һǣܵŭµϢк˶𶯡
ǵ˽⣬֮ӦûּǿߣҴǷķЩҲǴӳģǳڡ
ʦ
ʱ˿̣ϲĪˡ
ϢȻı࣬ƺƵڣ֮ǰǿ󡣵廹һ۾ϳ˵ϢȻѾʧܾõа˺˴峤
¡
Уа˺˴峤۵糸Ծ˵ٶȳ˹
λǱʦ⣬ƾճֵľ޴ġ
ھʦСΧֵоѰֻ˭ҲûϵǸϹʱ򣬾Ȼᷢ壬ٴ׷ɱ
񹦣
ۿ˴峤붶һɫ죬͵һеİɫȡ
ֻһǰɫĹ֮󣬶Ȼ֮仯Ϊһͷɳİɫȼ޾Ĺ棬۵糸һ㣬Զĺˡ
ǧ
ͬʱ崦аˣҲн
ָһգָ罣ɲǼɽѣаΪģеȫը֮ߡ
ֻգ֮䣬ǧǧĽаϱŷ۽ɽһֺ˵ķʽֱӳԶ츮˺ݺնȥ
һƴǰȫͬնرаǿֲĽɽЩǿ߶Ƥоһɿֲв
⵽ĸ֣
һƬȻ˰츮ڣûм˴峤а˵ģ˱ʵǼɵѡҪǿлɱ壬ֻаϵ˶ˡ
סǣ
룬˲Ϣ֮һĺ˷ֳȥԸ˴峤аˡ
ûᣡ
ʱ˿̣ҲǾ
˲ۼȫʮʹ컯£츮˺ȥ
䣡
ֻһ춯صĴըʱƺƣɳʯ𣬱츮Լ˺ݺɳȥ
һֻ࣬һҽа˺˴峤ֲĹʮʵԵ͵ĺˣըɳȥˡ
ĶҵҪƾʲôھʦ
а˺˴峤Ҳŭɶ绢Ⱥһ㣬͵˺֮С
飬֣һץһģֻ˲˼ʵԵ͵ģ۹󽫼ĺǿߡ
˫ཻĺǿߣģˣһĺǿߣǱа˵ǧֱɡ
γ˴峤аƺէһֵģȻȫѹסЩˡ
ƴһ˷ˣʵ֮ǿںļ²ѡ
һ࣬屻츮ʮ֮ڰһۣһ˸ȵڵ档
Ϣɫ԰ףһɹѪؿڷӿȻҲܵ˲Сĳ
ƾµһںת֮廹ƽĻһ
쵰
ۿ˴峤аɱ˹ʵŴɹ츮һʱ֮䶼κβ츮־
츮̫⣬ʰһɵ㣡
ݺݵƳһ츮˵Ļ츮ζҪըˡ
СӣҵҪʲô£ڱǰ˵ֻ
츮һΣʩչǹֱӳ˹ȥ
һ࣬ȴû츮һΣ˲ʩչӰħ֮һݰ㣬ʧ츮ĸ֪С
һˣǶԸɽ츮
Ȼɽ֪ΪԼƤ¶ֽź󣬻ܹȻ뿪Դ˵زҲץסλᣬ׽ݵ
ɽ˵𣿡
ޱȣϿջ졣
ԶӰȫٱӡ
ͺ˽ֵʱ򣬰ɽǬӡþȻץסᣬӴܡ
ٶȼ죬ôһȻѾӳɣ
巴Ӧһ㣬˵˾ѾӳҰΧˡ
Զɽһֱ׻͵͵ߣ뵽巴Ӧô죬ȻŹ
ΪʲôΪʲô쵰Ҫأ
ɽ壬ɫͨ죬ҧгݡ
ʵ벻ͨΪʲôҪִŵɱֳ޼ֱɽƺһ㣬ڱ׷ɱ»Ը
ߣ¶Ը
һϤӶߴʱ򣬴ǬӺöȻͣת泯ķ׼ƴһ
κʱ򣬰ɽĴǵһĿꡣ
Ķȹһ˵
һէ죬˲ϢĹģֵӿб£ʱ츮ʱϵˡ
ȻΣ츮ѾںЩ׷ɱɽηΧܹŵĹ
¡
𵴣ֻգ۵ʱ䣬һ΢ĿֲŰɽǰһ޴ݺݵ
Ϊ΢ǿߣ츮Ĺ㲢ûдʵҲж϶λãΨһʧǣ͹ʵ
ȻҾͳȫ㡣
ʯޱȣȻ
ϣ
һ̳츮Ͱɽ𺳵ĿУһ쳤ҫգӰٳ֮ߣֻһ츮ȻĲӰԿٵ֮Ƴ츮նȥ
Ǭ
һɲɽûʩչ׳磬ó˵ոԺƾ̸ԼĲǿһС
һƥԵƥͬʱٶҲƥ
է츮͸оһɿֲΣ˲ͬ츮֪һжֻǲӰͻʵһʵѾն䵽ǰ಻߶ѡ
ҲǸʱ츮֪岻ʱ⣬תԸɽ˵Ļһʵֻնѡ
ΪŭӶһʼҪԸľ
һƣһŭģ޷Ľ֪


ڶǧʮһ ̫ʼ
ˣ
츮һΣʩչǹ˵ٶȿ쵽˼ޣź󷽵ȥ
һĻ˵ˣɽ˶סˡ
˭Ҳû뵽徹Ȼַʽ츮
ߵ𣿡
һȻҪԸɽֻ츮ڣ취ɵ츮ͬƹ֮һ㣬һһε󹦿һ񣬻ɱ˰ɽ
ҪԸɽɱ츮
ˣ
кһ˲ʩչʵ磬츮ζʱΡ

ʯֻһĲҽУѪ֡
츮ȻѾʩչǹǱӰħ֮׷ϣֱһĺģĽ˺ĺһɼǵ˺ۡ
츮ڹؼʱһ̵ֻһ츮ͱˡ

츮ˣҲǷһ־ޱȡ
ⳡսԭռݾԵƣ˭Ҳûϵڶ̶ʱڣ츮ڣȫѹס
ߣ
츮һˣľսʱȫŪڹ֮䣬ϵڵ徹Ȼֱ˻ܡ
츮ˣ
һθоη壡
̫ˣ
ĸоɳٶʵ̫ˡ츮һֱټȥ±ɡ
屾΢ǿߣдɽûٶȵƣӵķǰûκεơ
ۣ
ǹšѪ֮츮ٶȱǣѸ˺֮ľ룬ԶӶݶȥ
ɽ֮ӵҪȡ񡱵Ҫ
һ࣬츮ΪһѪѣ岢ûȥ׷ɱһۣѸٳŰɽȥ
ɲǣɽҪĿꡣ
ͨ
һ̣ʼϲ鷢ˣŸոתԶɽɫ԰ףɫսսȻ˵棬ͻȻ
󶼻ҴˣҰɣ
һȥ֮´ǹ٣ثذ󶼻
֪ǴˣͰҵƨ˰ɣ

ɽ˵棬СһȻġ
ߣ
ЦɽȻثǰһףԸԼΪ󶼻Ƶķ⽮۹سٶҪ˼ɫ׵Ĺġ
ǰɽ˿ûⷽĸ
ֻ֪Ĳԣ˭˾Ϊû˷֮ġڹˣǾȡ֮
Ȼô桮ڹҾ͡һɣ
ЦʦĶϿջص
¡
˵ţȴǸɴ䣬û˿ܵӰ죬ֵʱ򣬶ȫ㣬ûΪɽǸĵӣ˿иɡ
ǵˣ廹ӱ˶԰ɽɱȡ
ʦ峤ˣһ֮Ѹɱˣ
ðɽ䣬Ƥ
ʵѾѹˣȻû뵽ȻֲļһһٻԸ
쵰
ɽ۾ﶼҪųѪ
նɱӲԣھȻҪԶ٣һԸֱǻ쵰
ȴûɽ
û츮ţڿȫĶԸ
־޴ڣڸոգһ۶ϵģ˫˺ϱĴû³˹
ʲôʱڵķѾƷôصĴˣ
֮ġĳЧȻڣɵɽ֮ǰҴ⡣
ƾԼ岢ûо԰ɱ˰ɽ
֮ǰûɱɽżȻ
ڡɱţֻҪɱٳһĵҲ⡣
ʦ峤ǺҲͬǵĹ֮ܵ԰ɽɵ˺ԶǿҾͲţ֣ɲ
֮УԣĿ絶һ㣬εǰİɽ
ѾʧܹһΣطԸɽõĵص㣬ΣԲ뿪
ħ
ʮ죡

񹦣
ǧ

һ󱩺쳹أһ࣬а˺˴峤Ȼ֪ΪʲôǸĺޣٻϻûκԥѸ֣һ֣Űɽȥ
֣ǻصĹйǶȥһɲǣضΪ֮ʧɫ
ɽǬӡü˸ɫ԰ֽ
֮ܵԴԴϵӿ뼸壬ұ֮֮ǰʱ򣬻ҪĶ࣬塢аˡ˴峤΢ǿǰ΢
ɽѵذĹ˵κη΢
ѹԵ˾
¡
һɲǣ־Ҳ·ڷŭϿգǾ޴Ƽ緭ӿת׵֮ҲԽľң¡¡ֻ˲Ϣһһҵ׵ԣַ·ӿϪȪԱ֮֮ǰҪ¡Ѹ͵öٶȣ
ֻеһУ޷ֹ˶԰ɽĹ
ס֣
˵ʱʱ죬ۿŰɽҪУͻȻ֮䣬һ塢˴峤а˵ĹҲܵӰ죬Ŷһ£û˷Ӧ֮Уһֻһ㽫ʮ졢컯˴峤İ񹦣а˵ǧ˲顣
ǹ֮ǿǹɿֲĽɫڹ˹֮ƲЪɫǰ㣬ײڵء
¡¡
һɲ𶯣ʯľмͬɫ˷ѿֱӽ塢˴峤аϤɡ
Īܵ
޿ƥУ
ɽ˵ĸо
츮ѾΪ΢ǿߣȻǰȣʱө֮£Сޱȣ΢
оֲǣǰ֮˸ĸоȵ¶֮УܴɾĻҪµöࡣ
ʲôˣ
һɲǣɫ΢ףжʱоһǰδеĳ𺳣һŨŨвС
̫ʼ
ʱһϲУʱ˿̣˷ܵĪڰɽˡ
ǹɽƾնʱ򣬰ɽ˲ϳ̫ʼϢ
츮̫ͬʼʵǿ̫ˡ
һ뾩ɽ֮޿֣֪ɱԼҲη壬̣ǻвķҲǶǽڵǸΪ֪ǡǡΪ̫ʼĴڡ
̫ʼ̫ǿˣһγԼǰԳΪʱ򣬰ɽЦ
ۿ̫ʼһɽΪƽصʱ򣬰ɽţǰǸ̫ʼ㲻ҲǺһǿĴڡ
ɽԭҪĵطҪλ̫ʼϡ


ڶǧʮ ʥϢ̫ʼ
̫ʼҾ֪һҵģ
ɽվſֱۣ
ϵ󣬰󣬵ȵ̫ʼʤߡ
һ̣ɽȫ̫ʼٵһ̣ѾûܹвˣֵǱ׷ɱˣ
̫ʼҸɵǸ壡ɵҾͿ԰ǳɨƽԭһͳ£
ɽĿ߸ϣһָңңָŶ壬
У̫ʼϴŰɫߣƾո֣һɿֲѹͬذ嫣ɢ
塢˴峤аȻҲǾеľǿߣǺ̫ʼɢѹȣԵ΢
֮𣿡
У̫ʼԣŰɫ߻תϡ
һ˲䣬塢˴峤аٴУɫޱȡ
ǿ
ǿ
Ѿܾûּǿߣָоƴȫƴһ¶̫ʼĶ֡
̫ң㻹ʲôȻˣͰһɵɣ
̫ʼӰɫƮĮû˿顣
ֱ΢ָ̧һţңң׼Զ塢˴峤аˡ
һ˲䣬˻иоһŨҵϢ
Ǹ߸߳ǽд֣˸޴ӣһָоӣҲܱǰ̫ʼ졣
Сģ
ǰķչѾԤϣѾ·ˣΨսѡ
ɵǣɵǣ
ɽЦĿˡˮתһʱһʱֵüʱˡ
У̫ʼɫĮָſ֮Уһ̫֮Ҫҫǧٱ̺ſֲԵĻ¶
ۿ˾Ҫ̫ʼУնɱʱ򡪡
ˣ
زһǿҵͻȻӾʦдУ̫ʼȻɫ䣬͵̧ͷһ̣ҹɫʲôҲûз̫ʼһ͸˿ĹͻȻھʦϿ֡
ǹâѸٱ仯˲ϢͻһŰɫĴʦ磬Ծ˵ٶȣ̫ʼ˵ķɢ
̫ʼΪ𺳵ǣھʦ֮Уʹ¥ڵĵطһԭӦñӡϢͻȻ֮·հ㣬Ծ˵ٶϯƺʱȫѡ

̫ʼԭ˵ָգ·𱻶סһ㡣
ãǸ˾ȻҪˣ
̫ʼһҲԸǣһӣûȰɽӦͬԱߵĴǬӡõһһѾ𣬸ǵɫ֮ǰ𣬴˹ȥ
ӣ
̫ʼͻȻ׵ܣʶʲô
ˣ
һ̣â¶ڵһһҫʮʱٴθֻ֣Ƿһ̣ʮɳĽɫìһɹɿֲӿ׼еĴǬӡ
̫ʼѾĳ֣ǶԸǵûᡣ
һ̣ĿɨԶ·Ƴʲôһʮ仯Ľɫìı䷽һɲǣԶĹľ˹ȥ
䣡
ìӿգѸԶĹľУͬһʱ䣬ֻһҽУѪӿʮ߸ߣţľУһӰԵһ
У
УɽҽͷһƳ˲Ϣ䣬Ŀѡ
ʮУضĺȻǰɽµĵһʦС
𣿡
ϣĿ¥ʢ磬˰ɽ֮⣬μסľиеס
һǣ屾ǳŴǬӺȥģ̫ʼɱɽҲҪɱһԱ󽫣ڿеһ˲䣬ı⡣
ǬӺٸߣվֻ򣬴Ƶ۹ƣҲԻɱǵĴڣǸвͬ
ʢȡԿ϶ƾɽһ˻벻ּƲߣʮа˾ź͸Ѳ˸ϵ
ڴǬӡãĻ˳ᢣ䵱ɽԵıʿȻв
Ȼ
һлɱУһץֻһʮٴۣΪһɫìС
мʣµľֻׯˡ
ǰɽߵıʿ˸ɵ㰲ɽŻȥûЩ˴ԸвҪۿۡ
СӣҪ̫ˣ
ʱ̫ʼͷϡУһأǰ㳯䡣
Сģ
䣬׼׷ʩչŸݶȥ
ҿ̫ʼ־ڴˣֻǽ˱ƿһ˦ٴξԶׯһ˸ʧ֮С
ˣһξû˻ˣ
죬̫ʼѾʧ١
գ̫ʼʧͬʱһܴǷڶ֣糱ˮܻ㼯ʱ˹
壬ôˣ
Щ쵰Ȼҳ֣
ڶǰ³ӰĿ
˳󲻾뿪ģΪЩĲ£˹óһ㣬˻һϳ֮Ϊҹ͢ĺˡ
ߣˣ
һ̣ͱ庰סˣ
һ£Ī׷ȥɣ
ס˵
³ֻ֪һ۰צ֪Щ˵Ŀֲܹ̫ʼѾõĽóȻȥϡ
߰ɣʲô飬ȥ˵

³ͷһۣоɲ˻ѡ塣
һʱ䣬Ŀ꣬Ѹٳžʦȥ

Զ뾩ʦ￪ĵط¡һâһһöƴСͭ⻪ͻȻͭΧһȦȦۿɼĲɢգۼ䣬ֻǰƴͭһٴγʱǰ֮⡣

Уֻͭһ·һڴ㣬һӰ
ſңſңΪʲôɱΪʲôɱСӣ
˫صһɲǣɽʹ̫ʼ
ˣ
оȻˣ
ֻҪ㣬ɽҧгݣĿѣ̫ʼûģ̫ʼɵ壬顣
ɽŭѣ
ĻھͰӻؾʦˣҸ֮ӡѵΪ޿ȡ𣿡
̫ʼؼ
Ǭӡõһ䣬ʱ󷢺ԭ״̬İɽҲ˲侲˲١
ߣ侲𣿡
ǰעԴǣɽ
̫ʼò˿顣
Բҳ嶯ˡ
ɽѹסзŭͷϴ
ڵݻ߱ʹƿɽ֪ûЩ˵İƾԼ¸Գ¡


ڶǧʮ ƻľ
̫ʼû˵ֻǿŰɽáǬӵͷӣ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ΪҲɱոٵƬ̣ûһվ˵ˣǲˣʦлһʥʰɣ
̫ʼգһ˫֣
ʲô֮ǰ˵ֻҪǿҹ͵Уܳѹڵ𣿡
̫ʼĻˮ£ɽһ䣬ѹ
ô׾ܽĻͲ̫ˣҲͷôá
⣬֮ǰѹǣڳʮﴦǻϣȫ߷γûɱǸ壬Ϊ̫ܣ
˵̫ʼƳһ۰ɽˣĿޱȡ
ɽǷͻĵص㣬뾩ʦʵ̫ˣ뾩ʦΧĳǽֻʮԶȻ־ʦӴ󷨵Ӱ췶Χ֮ڡ
Ҫǣ̫ҵĸ֪Ҳ̫ʼʼֻ츮˸Ϲȥԭ
ֻû뵽츮ô˾Ȼ򲻹壬̫ʼŲò֡
һ̫ұϢǿ̫ʼҲвļ£Ǹ˼ǲ壬˺ڻѹܹȻ˹ֲ
ֲá족ʼն˼ɵҪô۵ķԸ
ɽʱȻ
γ˼ƻһжԤϵĲֻ࣬һɲǳ⣬Ȼһžת赤ֽţڳǽס˭õ
ֻǵ˴ʱЩѾûˡ
ɽҪԸǸ壬⣬Ҳֻܵһˣ⡪
˵̫ʼ˶٣˵Ҳࣺ
ɵĲڻ鵽λҪ̫ãǸ˾Ϳˣȵ䣬Ϳһͳ£ʱѵ㻹һν
ҪپЩˣȵݣͿʼļƻˣڶҷѾɣܿͿ͵ݣЩѵʲô˵ľӿԺ㿹𣿡
Ϊ֮ӣĿȥ£ͳһ磬Ҫ϶һˣ
̫ʼգ
ڶҷӻ͹ɽйâһƽࡣ
ˣҸˣҲ̷ˣ
̫ʼһΣҪ뿪
һ£
ʱһӰɽһֱûô˵ׯ˵ˡ
ţ㣡
̫ʼԣͣ½Ųת͸¶һ˿á
Ϊ߸ϵ󣬰ɽѡе֮ӿżǰŭһΣһλ𣬵ǰɽ£ֻһĴڣ˵Щˡ
𾴵̫ʼˣ²޶⣬Ҳð˼Ҳˣεս̫ʼ˼ʱϵǵĴ˿¾Ǹ֮ˣΪδ֮δ̫һЩһʲôʱҲӰ쵽̫ʼ˺λļƻҲλҪġ
룬̫ʼǷЩǿǴ˵ʵҪڱ˵ܺѣţ̫ʼ˵Ӧǿ԰쵽İɣ
Ԥϣׯǰη塣
˵Ҳûе
̫ʼüͷһ壬˼
ڵʵȷʵЩҲգ׼ʱ俼һ֮ٸ㣬Ȼˡ԰ѡ졯׶ɡ
̫ʼƬ̣һ֮Уâ£գ֮䣬ֳںĶϸȥǾȻСȭ۴Сս׺һȭס
̫ʼֻһ˦ս׺ȭַɳӭѸٱֻգ֮䣬˳˴С
սױ׵ıһЩ˿Ĺתڿڲһĺ󷨣ͷжͷλãһϵ׭塰ʡ֣Ϸ͸˿˿صζ
״ڵϣ׵ķ϶³һƵĺһĻɽǬӵƤȻ֪׵ĵϸ˶ܸоó⸱׵̲һɷ籩Ŀֲ
ս׺սȭף⸱սףȭףԽʵθһֱӴﵽ΢Ҳܹ֮ӴĲٿڵ⣬ϸԪӲƳɣκ޷֮ƣûκ˿вˣ
̫ʼ˶ߴ翣ԽԽС
в죬̧ͷȴǰյģ̫ʼȻƾʧˡ
ͿԼˣ
̫ʼԶԶ˳ʧˡ
ôǿսףȻһóսףᱻƵֵز
ɽǰսףһߺ޵
ɽû˵꣬ͻȻһƺʲôָһ̣ڼ˴㵵ĿУǸս׺սȭ˲СΪһӰû뵽˰ɽ֮С
⡭
һ˵˵Ŀ⻹䵽˰ɽϣ׽壬ɽӦöڵı仯
ǱˣǶʱ仹˳á
ɽƬ̣ƺڸڵ漴ڵ
鲻һʱȻȥ֮еʱ䡣ܹҪս׺սȭףҲ̫Կ
ׯڵ
ׯ˵仰˶Ĭ
ߣС
ǬӳƬ̣ɬ
û˵϶¶һ˿˵ɫ
αҪɹ˭Ҳû뵽һ̹ܴɣȻᵼ¸бɱ
˵ľʦڴ֮žصãһ̽ɱ˶˼ش
壡һŹģ
ɽ˫ȭۿͨ졣
ŭڣΡȫְɽС
һǣɽˡ
ҪԼСһ㣬˳ĵִ̫ʼԼص㣬Ҳᵼֽˡ
бɱڰɽ˵ʹģ̶Ҫȡ
ȻǸˣǶڰɽ˵ԼеĵλǶһ޶ģû˾ܴﵽֵزҲܳɹϰ󶼻λá
УҰɽԲ㣬ģһΪ㱨ģ
ɽ
ʵҲׯ
ʱһ𣬡ׯͻȻˣһ죬𺳵ĿУͻȻ˺һűߣ£¶һס
ׯǸУ
һɲǣɽ˾ĿɿڴȻһĻ仯֮ǰҲ֪顣
ô
ɽĲš
¥ʢ磬ׯԣûǸС
ׯ⡣
пڵɫӡ
Ƭ̣бľϸ˵˳
ԭݵʱׯѾǵξʦ֮ΣأΪһʦضΪȴһټ£вòݡ


ڶǧʮ Ѩƫƣ
Ϊ˱飬ɽǶ֪飬ΪΨɽˣˡ
ҴˣʱȺ򣬾þòټͻȻƸ֣ҺׯвԴҴææĸ˹ԭΪԶӰ죬ϵǸ˶ɱ֮ءȻһìɱׯ
е겻ѡ
Ȼȥ鿴ׯ˼ϣȻвжΡ
Ǭӣã
ʱ򣬰ɽˡ
ڣ
ǬӺɫһæ
λȥ֮취һһׯʬ塣
ɽ
ǣ
˶ʱʲôһļ
ʦ㲻ⲻĴׯԼѡҲΪԲôģ
ɽ˸еǰڵ
ģǲҪʧװ
ׯǱɱδһҪΪׯ⣬֪ׯݻһĸףһģׯꡣ
ɽ֣ص
л
ǬӺõдæ
ʿΪ֪ɽȻǺˣȴ֪ã塱ҲǴǬӡõ׷ԭ֮һ
û¾ͺã뾩Ǵ䣬벻ǸһﾹȻܹҵ
ɽ޺޵ΪֹȻ˼⡣
Ϊδӣ֮ͱԲʥϵݵˡ
򶷵ʱаȻҲһգðɽֱš
˵ֻδӲ
Ҳ֪ô¡
üͷ壬ڳʱ򣬰ɽѾ˵ˣǸҲͬûҵ𰸣
ǾܷģԹıԴָ㱻ˣݽҲ֮жϡȻ֪λһŷͬСɵܣ
ûмˣûݵģԸвŻͰɽһͬʢϣֻĽȴԶԶϡ
ʦҼǵ֮ǰǸ̫ʼ˵Ǹʲô֮ӣ
ʱͻȻ˵ˡ
䣬˻࿴һۣնʱ΢졣
պ˵˵ǳƺɽΪ֮ӡͬҲⲨˣƺΪ֮ӡ
Ϣ̫ʼ֮ǰδἰɽ֮ӣôΪ֮ӣǷҲĳ
ܣǳҿġ
ǰ
ǻǾ췵ݣȻ⵽أҲûջ񡣡
ǹ֮ܵ˿ĳײ٣֮ǰľٶѾ˱仯ѾѨѾʼƫתˡ
δʲôݶԽԽֱĳ̳дͳΪµӣ
пڵ
ʲô̫ˣ
еĻ˴Ϊܣɽⲻѡ
ΪԼѾʧˣû뵽ȻɹʹѨתƣǸջ
ھ̫ʼ˵ģĴҵڣһƻˡ
̧ͷŰɽ΢Ц
˵˵ͷһղܿչԶȥ
ֻƬ̣ʧ١
ʱ仺ȥǷѲߵĽµĸȫڣɢطع鵽Եĸλ
ⳡƺƵ׷ɱжȫˡ
ȻʹϽǣһǧ׵Уʱǵƻͨ
³аˡ˴峤ȫۼһɫ࣬׷Ŵ塣
һҹжƺƵľӣʮ֮ĿǰΪֹ˶֪ΪʲôҪµչжץĻһλ۹½ķ⽮󶼻ĵ۹س
֮ǰûж˿ԲʣһѾ˶ڴĴ𰸣Ҳа˺˴峤
ƾն֣һͷľ޴ơ
˴峤а˻˼ʮ궼û
ʵ̫ˣ
ﾲĵģĬƬ̣ڿˣ
˵Ҳ޷̫࣬ǿҲˡ
Ƭ̣һģմ˴еһȻǸľ˳
꣡
ľзֻķ˵ҷӵĶϱۣС
ǣ
˿壬Ȼ⡣
ƺ֪˵뷨Ҳָͣһһָû뵽֧ҷӵĶϱ֮С
ǣ
һ̣𾪵ŵĿУԭοһĶϱۣͻȻ֮ͺ̼ܵһָͣŤ죬ֱҲŤͷ·ӵԼһ㡣
ôܣ
һǣ˵³а˶¶һ˿ݡ
κߣжôǿһͻʧȥԣֱֻ۱ѾкܳʱˣȻһԼΥ˳
֧ϱɢĸϢҲаֺܲĸо
Ȼ˳Ϊаۣ֧ϱɢĸࡢϢȣҲȻͬС׼ס
ǿϢֶӦô磬㵽Ǵģ
˴峤Ҳüͷ
ȻҲаֻ֣֮ǹʵĲͬĳЩֶιƫа
Ȼó֧ϱ۲ͬϵа񣬺ɽа֮
Ҳû֧ҷֱʹ˵˳
ʲôɽ¾Ȼľӣ
ôܣϾжܣ
һǣ³ˣֻ֪Ҫɱɽ˭֪ǸֺĺϾȻܡ
ʱһûа취̫࣬ǰɽ˾԰ػģثıᰲҷӣͼС˶ƭˣ

̫ˣʥʻƭмӣ֪Щ¥ʥڣҲ취һɱ
³ɱӯ
Ѿˣڰɽ󣬻һЩ˰а֧֣֮ǰǿľǻˣշѾӻݣֻԺ취Ըˡ
忪ڵ
һ취ͳеĴһɽսթ̫Σգ˾
֣ص
³ֻƬ̣ܿ뿪ˡ
۹дݷһȡ˰󶼻λãǴ֮һҪ취
뿪ֻʣ塢а˺˴峤ʱаͻȻڣ
˴ǳУҲһЩ֣Ҫ㡣
а˵ʱһࡣ
ʦ˵
üͷһ¶ɫ
£а˲ڣ屾ҲҪʵġ
˴峤аѾ뿪кܳһʱ䣬ͽܵģҲ֪ȥ򡣶ңһκ츮ǽ֣ʦǵʵԲһء
Ȼʱ


ڶǧʮ ı
˵Ǹɽǲ̫˽⣬ЩͻȻ־ĺˣȴ͵׷ɱǵͬһˣҺ˴峤˳ȥȥǵġ
Щ̫أڳǵܣҳǵ㣬ʼα겻α󣬻뼫ȵı֮УǵáңҪû´Ļ˵ǸҷӣҲǧ˿ƵĹϵ
Щˣı󣬶Ұ޽ɣһҪ취ȥ
аһ
һӵġаۡɽ̸ɫ䣬Ǳ±ˣԴСȴķҲ˴峤뿪ԭ
ûж˵֪ʦԸô˵ضջ
ৣ
Ȼһ̣аһӣ¶һֻơ
ֻһۣʱ񴥶üͷ͵һ£
ʦ
ֻа˵ֹޱȣȻɿݣȴĺɫģЩľͷ·һ㣬а˵Ϊһ塣
ңϸʱһƵģĹ⻪ҫ
һΣҺ˴峤׷ЩˣڱͻʴԭǵټҺ˴峤ûдݾߣðǵݻ˽ȥ
а˵
ԵЩ⣬ʦ˴峤ͣºױʶƣ΢һ˼Ȼˡ
˵ɽṹ廨ţкˣگˣͻˣˣ˹ˣʳˡ½ؼйȶǵ£ʦ˴峤УҲ֡
Ψһǣڲпڣʦ˴峤һ֪ױʶơǵʦ˴峤ֶΣЩȻҲûж̫鷳
Һʹ峤棬˺ܳʱһжӱͻʴԭһ·βȥ˶
а˵

ɫ΢㵣˼սۣʼ֮սԼɽ߾Ķ֮ս
嶼û뵽ʦ˴峤ʱȻڸ
Ҵʱ̫ʼǸʱӦҲѾִ˶Ψһҵǣ̫ʼӦûмʦ˴峤ҲûзǣҲһΪΣյĵط
ʦʹ峤ǰڶǷʲô
֪ʦ֡
ҲҪ˵ģڶ֮һСϣǷںϵһܻأǷ˴ĺˡطͬǰСͿգ˴ĹŹֻеǴûмġ
ЩеܹԶ׵磬ʱܹӵеģ
а˵
ʱûȫ˹ǿǵԹЩЩеֳһһ飬սģǴƻ
ʱ˴峤Ҳ˵ˣ
ǽеһֻһ𣬲ĹֱƻصףӲʯ͸ͨףǧ׵ȡǵԻеĹУĴӵص׼ȡ
ԭһЩïʢĴҰαװǾЩеתƬʱеĲľ˺ϱĴѸѸٱɽڵľ̿
ֹˣСΧʮڵĺУеϺˮҲȫ̼ɷĩº̽飬ƬرǺ׵½ؽṹ⵽˼ĳƻ
ʱĳ˴峤а˶¡
ߴⶼǳ̬ûʲôþȵģЩͳ磬Ҳ˿⡣ҺʦһָоһΪЩ˵ĿģǸʲô׻ȨƺʲôҪıЩŹֻȫƻ籾ڵģĻغͻе֪жٵط
˵˶гء
û˵ֻüͷ
һӣ±Ԫ˧ѾǺܺ飬ǸʱѶѾ֣ڴ֮ǰĺܶ飬嶼֪ڿܶ鶼֯˵֯Ѳϵ
һָоӽһеࡣ
أ
忪ڵ֪滹һʲô
ͼһ䣬ȡԺеļ䣬һ˸Ƭĺ죬Һ˴峤˾ţ֮ųɹɱǸء
жУģǷ䣬ȻҲһʩչ컯ұһҪǿ󣡡
а˵
ʲô
а˵Ļ𣬴ΪԾ
ôܣ
֪컯ųаǿžѧʦаϲŷġ
ҵ۹Ļʦ±ԼҪǿ󣬵Ȼ˵˸ֲôұǻҪ߳
ⷬ˵ģֻḶ֮һЦ˵ⷬȴʦаˣɲ岻š
ʼһʱҲһ𾪣ʵɲǲţҰҺʱĸоԷĹϣĻҪָоĴ컯пԴϵŹ
аһص
ûпڣһǣԺͻȻ˴ɾʹɹ
֪ɹĵһѧҲǿ֪ŹǴɾģɾͺǧ˿Ƶϵ
ԣʦ˵Ĵ컯пʵҲǺ֯ģ
ֹˣ֮ǰᵽʮѧһ˵һָо²ֻĴ컯ʹɹпʮѧ󲿷֣ȫԺ֯
а˳
ǵ֯ڵʱǳдɾִʱĹϴڣҺʦΪǺпܷġ
˴峤ʱҲڵͬޱȡ
ѧĴһ˵ΪԴԶͳԴ˴峤аڣһֱ뷨
ڽӴЩصĺ֮Щٹ̵֪ܵ˾޴ĳ𺳡
֯ĴڣѾȫıжѧԼڶ๦е֪
û˵¶˼ɫ
Ѿʦǵ˼ǲô֯ʵ±ԼĻҪǿöࡣ٣ĿǰΪֹ廹ûЩͬʮѧˡ
пڲ׾ҲпܣʦһЩں֯λ⣬мر
е飬ʱһߣЩڰнеЩƻ磬ûжע⵽ǡǵΪֹҲ֪ǵĿĵʲôΪʲôҪôΪʲôҪƻĸʲôô
еһУ֮սú塣ҲҺ峤ǰȻ֪Ҫæջûйȥԭ򡣡
ϣֻ㣬ԶЩ⡣Ҳûʧ
а˵˵һ壬ɫпһο


ڶǧʮ 顱ı仯
а˸ʱֻһʮĺӣڣѾΪĴӢۡ
ΪܳĶƷʣŶš
а˺˴峤ܿ뿪ˡ
ںϣǻֻǷ˱ɽһǣҪǽһھ࣬ЩǱڵı
뿪žֻͻǽҡҷ
崣ڷһ˳˼
ʵǷ̫ˡ
ʢ磬Ͱɽ޵еսµĺǿ̫ʼĳ֣ʦǴϢЩҪúõ
̫ƽʢƽںڰУΣѾ֡
ѾȫԸģĸоˣҲᱻȥȴ
ȡǺôĵӣѾ಻סˣҪǰƻԸ
Ŀתа
ɽҹжѾǴôˣѾ޼ɵֻϧıǸء̫ʼİĻˡ
ʥʣ˰ɽ׵ǿš顱
Ǻ׼ġ顱ðɽ׵ġ
õ֮Ϣʶǿ࣬ҲζʥʵʶѹƵԽԽڴƣʲôͷ
ȸ
뵽屳˫֣ͻȻڵ
ү
Ŵ򿪣ȸܿ˽
취ϵӺͽҪ֪ǵ½չ
忪ڵ
ǣ
ȸܿȥ
ݣ
ǰʥʣʥʶعѵķ
Ʋôȥ

ɫ
ŶףһҹȥңֵʢҲ֮ȥˡ
׵ľʽĿΰ󶼻ıݣ¥ϷһЩͻԼʥߵ¥ıԵ°Ǯ飬ڻڱͷβʦİǽֵ
ⳡʢ磬¶ԳΪʦʮ̸ˡ
粨󣬰ɽеѸٻعݣҲƽʱ򣬻ʹߴΰ̫УһȴǺ˯⡣
ñǺñ
һſĴЦڴϷıУŰɽ׵ǿš顱ֻ̩ͨ˰֣˷ܲѡ
ӻ¥ʢ֮ʹš顱һһİ棬롣
̫ң벻Ҳн죡
ߣø˯ɣڣҲһô걻ʹ࣡

Ŀ䣬⡣
аɽǸˣֹƽ⣬˴ŮôҪĶ
飿ߣ浱С飿ǲ鶼޹ؽҪֻҪܹѹ̫ҾУ̤ЬٴȫѹһôҪѹ̫ңȻû뵽ȴôɣ
Ц
ô꣬ʤߣ
иʿǸūţȻұЧ̫Ǹ쵰ѵΪ༸ҩ
һֹ
ˣ
ͻȻ䣬ƺ˵ĻڤڤУĳصĴڶȻӦһ£ʱ𶯣Ҳһ¡

ƺʲôЦ
ʲô£ֻҪܹѹ㣬ͳͳںӣݵף˭ܺޣѵƾɽǸӣ
һܺ˴ƽɽͶϾˣ
ģ޸ɵ㣬ΪʥӣͻɽӣģͲˣ
÷Ъ
ˣ
֪˶ãͻȻ֮䣬ͻ𣬾Уö˶â˸°Ĺ⻪УӰһݵĵͼͻȻбͶڴС
ǣ
ɲǼ䣬ͫһŰͻȻͶĹӰ¶ɫ
Ȼǹâڱ仯΢ݵͼǣһͻȻŴѸȡԭĵͼڰС
һ޴ɽɽǧ𣬹⻬ͣΰ׳һ㡣
ɽͶ˻翵֣һֹϡصĸо
ɽ
΢˳
ǰɽģҲ֪ͶݵͼЩ̼²Żֵı仯
ڣûκ̼飬ͻȻͶɽҲ֪ʲô
һƬžţŰеɽһ
ɽվӿиȥһ̶ڴϣһ𺳵ĸо

ͻȻ֮䣬һɽ紵ɽŨӿĵûӦһ̣һƬɢɽĳ壬ľԴ䣬ͻȻɽ´¶һСľݡ
СľǰһģӰŵֳַۣƺھǱޡ
͸ȥʱɽϣҲƺܵʲô΢𣬶
һ˫۾ͨ͸ޱȣָоͺǳԼǰɢһ㡣
ֹˣ˫۾ѩָоƺԼȥʱҲ͸ʱգңԶɽԼ

һ̣ûӦӰվķߵף鹧ޱȡ
ֻһɲǣûһӿľǰӰɽͻȻӰʧˡ
̫еöҲѸٻָ
⵽ô£
ڣʥģþ˵
ⷬ仯״ʲô
ɽеˣֵʲôˣ
һɲǣΪʲôԼߵݣ
ѵ˵ҲԼҷԼݣ
˲Ϣ䣬˳˼

ͬʱƣֵɽ´缤һŵ۵Ӱڵأվ
ϸȥݣɷǣԼ˽Ȼͬ͸һɹϡӵζ
ĿһڵȵˣʿһǧҪٴηѻᣬҲΨһĻᣡ
У͸¶Ϣȴ𺳲ѣ
ʿ
˾Ȼǧʽ΢ͳʿ
ҳɽʱˣ
ͷƮƮ

һ̣һԾȻǧɵԨֱӴӸ߸ߵɽ´Ծ£һ˸ѸʧС

ʱ仺ȥգ֮ʮ죬ƽʵѰӿΣʱܱ
ʢܱһźš
ǿηĴƵ۹Ѿңͣ볼֮Ҳͣһ۹ǿһҲ˥֮ࡣ
ƲԻܵģ۹ңʧͣǾһˡ
˶ѡݷķչ


ڶǧʮ δѣ

һֻֻŸ裬ų򣬷˷ͬһʱ䣬ҲиŸ˷븮ۡС
УǰǶѻСɽż㡣ϢϴӸػ㼯İͷ
ĸۡȻ糯ãгΪ۹ʵġ
岢ûΪİ£½Ϊ֡
򶫱ֻɽռӰɽһжرѼɽı֤ݡ
£ɽʵ̫СģΪֹ嶼ûıȷ֤ݣҲһЩΥġС֤ݡ˽е˽һثоͷ
ʱʥһֻ۱һֻۣû̫ʣϾƸӣҪˣ¡
ǸʱûثȻҲܿͰҲǲʹѡ
֤֮ǰҲֻݷ
⣬ЩҲ¶е¡
ϧˣˡ̫ƻԺسɴ󻼣
̧ͷ૵
ʢ磬屾ΪԼɱ˰ɽҪıʿУºƺѾϵԼ֣ǰׯݣһ١
һȥ֮ҲùǷԸеĴɱȻд˼ƻһֱڰУ㲻ɭϣһֱǬԡ
ˣ弴аٰıҲ޴֡
Ϣŵһԣܿ鿴һϡ
Ѧǧӱͻʴԭϼġ
һָǣһѦǧʱ̼űش󺮳Ķ
ŷ⣬ϸϸ
Ѧǧ˵Ĵ󺮳ԽԽͣҲԽԽΣգѾΪ½δǱڵĺƽΣ
Ѧǧʼ尲Ÿ񣬶ٻЩִвΪȻǼʶǵصļȱͱѩѦǧѾӡ
׵۹սһûн٣ʷǰĴ󺮳в
ûۼ֤ˣ޷𺳺Ϳֲ
Ѧǧ֪ǹɿֲһ£罫⣬Ϊ֮أ°ĴֲֿĴȻвǰҲϰ΢
ѦǧԳͼͻƴ󺮳ִĵطⳡ󺮳Դͷȫʧˣ˼ʮ񣬾ѦǧԼں֮С
ڣѦǧѾӧڱ档
ѦǧҲӦһ⣬Ϊפʱ̫ãѦǧѾͻʺעͻɣǴƵ̽ӣѾвڸǣԶ뵽˱Ӻһ
һţѦǧϣҪʱ򣬿ԴţĿǰΪֹ½죬ǶͻʻͻʣںʹƳ׿սǰ׵塣
ʣµľǴʳԼӦ֮ˡ
ĿǰʳǱһƬƽи֥˼˳λŰиͬʱаͺķɺرЭټϴʳܱ߸ľӣڴʳ̩ɽѾƿ֮С
ʳ۹ģڰ͸ʹǸ׸ߣݵĴ죡
ʳ˶Ǹ˴η壬ҪԶԶ˶ԴפļʮԼͺķɺη塣
ո֥˵ڵĴʳÿ쿴ǸƮĴ죬η壬ͷߡ
֥ôŻ˵һʳ췴ͻٴγ֣һΣλħκӾ͸ʹʳһУдʳ˶ȫ
дʳ˶ԴŲɡ
ʳѾûжˣ෴֥ļһ֧ʳ˾ӣרŰѹЩصĴʳ壬ͬʱά
֧ʳӶԴʳֱ˻Ҫ
˽£ʳ˻ụȰ룬Щʳ˲Ҫԣħͷ
ø֥ⳣ塢˼˳Ц˺ܾá
忴Ÿ֥żݣҲǿЦá
֮Ӧ֮صϢ
İӦ֮ؼΪҪһһ¥ԴԴϵĽЩ˵Ӧ֮ء
ƶߺУÿһ궼дߡڵӦ֮أѳΪ˵ϣ֮ء
ÿƾӳ֣ļ֮ʱ֪ǰͺ̣ӿ׷̤Щ¥뿪
˾ⷽҲ˺ܴá
ڣһһۻģӦ֮Ѿۻ߰ʮˣһ١
ⷽǽǺԪһ
Ԫѧ峵øԣʳʿһͨûеĺ׺ʣȥ£Ҫ˸Ӻʡ
Ӧ֮ǱĽ긺
еһжв㣡
һжһ飬Ȼһһš
ʱ˿̣֪дһţԼзɳһֻֻŸ룬ȶ½أҾδ
һдϣڳһͬʱëʹһرʼܡ
ȸ
ͻȻڵ
ڣ
ֻƬ̣âһȸڴС
Щȥ֮ɡͼֽϵݣ°Ź飬ȫͼֽϵĶⷽ棬һøݸĸȫϣ
һ˵ţһһǰһͼֽ˹ȥ
ȸӦһǰǰӹͼֽ
һۣȸû⣬ϾѾǵĿƲϷһͼֽʱȸʱɫ
ǡ󳵵ͼֽ
ȸдΪ𶯡
Ǵ۹ӵоصĵλԽԽرУѾΪˡս񡱵Ĵʣŷɥ
ȸѾ֤ЩսϺüηǵͼֽϤ
ͼֽЩ̫һ󳵱ֳɸ֣ұϱţ˵ĸоĸ֮ǵģ顣
үǡ
ȸ۾̧ͷǰ壬ֹ
󳵵ģ黯ͼֽ󳵷ֳɸ֣ˮԴģٴﵽԭ屶˱
Ƶʱ䲻ˣɽѾз⣬δΣȹսҪӴö࣬Щ󳵽ӦⳡΣƾ裡
ƺ֪ȸʲô̧ͷ
ǳ͢Ǳߡ
ȸԥ
͢һֱ꣬˽ͳ󣬶ϸƣ˽´ͳܷܿ˳͢ɻ䣬鷳
Ͳصˣſƣȫͳҡ³һµľǳ֮ʱ÷ǳ֮ߣˡ
ƽ
ʥʻڣ嵹ҲἱһʱڣռݳõĲʥʣλ
ɽѾַ࣬˽²֪ļ˶ٱҷӣҪǣ֪δǳѾֻݱ


ڶǧʮ ݾŶ
⣬ʲô£ҡ³ˣԼһе㲻ضǡ
嵭
⡭ǣ
ȸԥһ£ܿ죬Ŀüᶨҧ
һһΣѾǻ۲֤ľȷԣǷݸհԶĿ⡣
ҪģôһôԭͱҪҲȻĳΣӴҪүôĵز
ȸܹģǽ߾ȫȥ׷塣
үȥֻɽ취ȫϢ
ȸ˼Ƭ̣
ţ
˵ͷ
ȸܿ뿪ˣҲ¶˼ɫ
ɴߣСڣ̫͢鵢ˣ¶ģſֽȥģǻ¥ʥʡǷͰɽ׵ö飬Լ̫ʼĳ֡
֮ƣֻ֣ҪⷽˮͰգûй˵󣬾޷ηηֻһ޳ɡ
ٽưһݰͱϣЩˮĳҪһ
ֻʣһˣ
а
ˣ
һ̣˫΢գһǧ֮ĵطһʶ˲ѡ
𣡡
һ춯أڴ˴山棬һɽУ𶯣һɽͰӴĺӰȻεضǺʵƤëӲ壬Լһɭɭ޲ʾͷȻݡ
վԳ
֮ս˹̫ףɱ˴˾Ҳ˳ƻãһͷվԳ
˹֮սͬͷվԳҪǿ̫࣬ңľַҲǿࡣ
ս֮ͷ۹۷壬Ƥ񣬷ǿ޽ӽ΢ĽվԳҲŻû
Ӵľ½տֻţս֮Ͱ˳ɽ֮УԶȺԱʱ֮衣
վԳʵɼǿսʱһңĳ̶ֳϣѾԼķ
ڴʱٻ߾ԳȴҪ£
𣡡
ԳزվԳһ죬ȻȻһݣ߸Ծڵ㣬ԽɽԶȥ
¡¡ԳȺɽ֮Ծǰٶȼ
ڽվԳǰɽͶԵСࡣ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䡪
¡
Գ£˫ŵأһӿǰһ޴Ķ
Լ൱һС͵ĳǳأӴĵϣݺᣬŨ̹ĶˮڶڶΧһʿ䣬ؼףͦΧ
˶λְ
ĳЩҵȻ൱ľȣΪ⴦ޱȣûڵͼϱʾ
仰˵˵Ͳڡ
ԳȴǰȻأûоһĲͺûпԳһ
ֻһѲߵļʿֳֳꪣڿԳʱ򣬵ͷ΢΢һȻǰȥһ㡣
𣡡
Գͬһʱ䣬һʶһȦȦ粨ưɢ
𣿡

үеѾȫɣ
ǶҲѾ׵ܹʮǧ˰ٸС󷨣޷үȥʹã
ķԸһѾȫȫ

ڶ룬һۻ룬Ϊ佫ִǹ
ʱɵġ
ʣ룡
ܹү£ھÿ佫˵һĪ
ˣ
佫һ£һ̣˷׷ȥʯ룬ϣԼɼһģаɳķ϶ģƺʲôֻǱڸǣС
䣡
һ̣Ҳ˵һݣ˵ǵķ϶ԣȻִԳָ׶һ㣬Ȼ̽£Ȼһץ
ֻһ죬׷ɣһ̣һ޴ģаɳȻӵС

վԳһĻһ£ɲǼ䣬Բǧڣ˰ӿ̶ХƼ产ˡ
ƵĽվԳͺǳƣֻǿһȴûкʵԷʵһֵԽվ˵ԣʵٿһأֱѹ΢ǿߡ
ѱرһ֧ӣΪվԳġ
޹ͨ죬ڲ̺ʮ󷨣ޱȣ;ãܹӳ޵
ǵΪӾ޵Ҫ顣
ˣ
塱űǹʹָĸо΢΢˵ͷ漴Щٴ˸ƣʾ˿
䣡
һ̣վԳһݣȻѸٽ޴Ķ쳧˦
ɽ޵ٶȼ죬Լʱ֮һããȺɽ֮УվԳͣ
⴦ط֮˴廹Ҫն񣬾Ҳѽ
ԳĿ磬ѸٵɨΧܿĿⶨһϡ
Ӧþˡ
塱¶˼ɫа
塱֮Ի;ԳûйϵΪеһ
ĩ٣Σһͨ±Ԫ˧λãڶԿߵĹУʧأıҷֱرһݵص׵ıߵĹ£Ҳб¶գŸıǳս֡
ǾݾŶ
һս֪Ŷĳ֣ıɱڸĴۺŶͭ󶦡
Ϊ±Ԫ˧ͭ󶦺Ȼľ䵽С
زԣ巢ִӵһĳЩ󷨱ܽͭе뵽ʿڡ
ڿ߼ΪҪ
廨˺ܴľķҶһ֧רŶԸߵ
ľӣ֧ɱߵЧҪߵöࡣ
ֻϧʱ̫̣廹û㹻ʱУӳͭ󶦵ȫѾ˵;ĩ·ĵزӿ㳹׵սᡣ
嵱ټµľӢ֮ʿһоĴӦòֹһҰոֺۼЩ󶦺пܾǴ˵еݾŶ
˵֮УϹŴĳ˾󶦣ظеڴ󺣣еɽеڵصסѹĵ
յʱ¾ӢоݾŶȻйأȴ۹ϵö࣬۾Ķߣпֻǵõ󶦣Ȼ˸
Ұյʱÿһصĵص㶼ǳҲǳ⣬óȻڳܻܿݵʺ͵ı仯޴Ķ
Ҳ֮Ȼ֪ȴûóȻھԭ
򲻵ѣЩɶá


ڶǧʮ ɽʿڤӣ
񣬰ɽı˼ѾȻңµҷҲߵĳЩԡ
û˱ף£ǻ侳ϵǿߣһͨʿͲɱҷӣ㼸ʮĴҲᱻҷӳɢֱڶԷ¡
Ҫǣƽٵ֣Ҫ׼Ļȵʱһоͳˡ
䣡
ЩͷԺзӶһ̣վԳž޹ֻһͽɽɽͷɳȥһݺ£ʮľ޹صɽϣһУӴӲɽͣһѷ졣
ִֻԳ̽ѷ֮Уһ⣬ȻɽӲİ⿪󣬾Գ㽫һˣĲѷ죬ʼһ·ھ򡭡
ռ䣬صĵص㼫ΧļӲʯھھЧʼ͡
ʹþԳھȻͬҲҪµʱ䣬ȴҪݵĶࡣ
ʱ仺ȥɽ֮мž˾ھ;޵ĴϢû˹۲쵽һĻ
ͬʱŽվˣççȺɽھݴ󶦵ʱһྩʦ֮Уûжע⵽һݵӰŵۣƮƮͻȻ˾ʦſڡ
ڵˣ
૵͸¶һ˿ϲ
Īľʦ֮гˮȺԱߴݵĵӰĿûֻͣգۼ䣬ĿԽؿռ䣬̻ԻͣʥȨĵĻʹ
Ŀ֮㣬ʿһҪΨһˡ
վȺ
ϸȥͻ֣ᷢ˺Ȼ֮пɽʿ
ৣ
ɽʿһڣʧȺ֮УԶȥĻʳǶȥ
ֻƬ̣˱ÿ˻ʹţ˻ʹ֮С

ɽʿڤӣ
ʵĴϣϷǰ㣬һȵĿǰɽʿңĸ̫ࡢԼԳһԡ
˶ɷǵʿȵ۾
ǣ
ڤһ񣬹
ɲǼ䣬һƬž
ʥ鿴ڤʿ£˶ʥ˭Ҳû뵽ɽʿȻģĳڻʹ֮С
ޣʲô£
ϣĬƬ̣
ʿءͻȻڲĵϸ֮ǰҲ׶á
£ΪӦ㵽ʥϣ֮һ
ڤӹһ
ʲô
üͷ΢壬ڵ
Զأ֪٣֮ǲĲû´˽а֮٣
ڤӹ
һ̫࣬ԳڣһãȻ
ʿ߶߶˵ʲôʲôа磿ʲô
ӣ֮ʲôаܸϣֱǺ˵˵
ԳԼǡƱ桱֮ʿֻʿ˵
ʥǰݵúԣҰʿ
ԳһҪ·ĵʿϳȥͻȻ֮䣬һը죺
סڣ
һȣԳ˫Ҳ־ֿ֣عͷֻǿһۣʱ΢΢ɫ
£
ʱͻȻסԳģǱˣһԳмӵ
ɫأĿò͸ոսȻͬ˭Ҳ֪Щʲô
ҳȥ
ͻȻһ䣬ɵ
£
˶סˣЩͷ׵̫ࡣɽʥǰԳڣû˸Υ
ǣ΢ˣ
һȺ˲Ҷ˵ܿ˳˴
¡һ̫ĴعϣʱֻʣʥʺԶɽʿ
˵а֮٣˵θа֮Ǻûеޡھʬ촦
ǰ㣬ɫ
ڣʱ轵һΣյζ
Ȼ棬ɽʿȴǺη壬ָƺѸٵ㡣
µĲû±аڶʮ֮ǰҰ˺ֻ֢֮ϧµĸʡĸ޷֮ʮ꣬±㱻аңаնǿֶγڣԶǱ¿ɵУ⣬˵ȾȻȫס
ֱڣа²ʧãҲǲԶɽ֪ѡʱ³ɽԭ򡣡
ڤأһɫ
ˣ
ڤӶ̶̼仰Ƥ𶯲ѣǼɲ
һǣڤӵĿⶼ࣬Ȼ׽ࡣ
ʮˣ⻹ǵһ˵˵ܣϵа
ûʥʣ
ô꣬˽ԱԻ󣬽ǸаΪʥʣ˳羴

ʲôʲôǧһۣһаһ޳ܵС˶ѣ
ɽʿϣһ˵˵Ļؼʮࡣ
мޱȣ֪ĸо
ã˵ĺã
ʥͻȻڵȻθࣺ
㣬ʲô£ΰޣ
ѧӣ󣬲㣬ҽ񻹾ó֮Ϳľ괺֮
ڤ˵ţһڣʳָָһ´оһ˺ϱ
ˣ
һ̣ĿУǸʼڸʵۣѾʷâһѸһ⣬ֻһ죬£λѸٷѿ֦Ȼһ֦ӵ
֦ϣѸٿïޱȡ
ֻգ֮䣬Ǹûˣȡ֮һԴ䣬Ĵ֮жʱƮ˻㡣
һĻ΢΢գһ۾
ɽУһЩĹ̺ŨܵԴٽֲ߼ѪҺϸķѣߵƣԪһزﳤ
ڤȴȫͬûдиܵǹŨϢ˫ʽȻͬʹáߡ
زﳤֻܴ̼ôۿۣһ棬ڤʩչĳ̶ֳȸǿ
ȻЩֻСҪǣ񻹾а֮
ڤ˵ţڣһ̣һƵӷĩɢݶŴϵȥ
һĻüͷ΢壬ʶҪֹֻ΢һܿſƣû֮С
䣡
΢һڽӴǣͻȻһΰб仯һص󷨷ģ˲ڡ
ĳֽڣǼ䣬ֻһᣬĿǿһ֣Ŀƣ˼֡


ڶǧʮ 㲻ã
ã
ܵı仯վĿѩ˴Ϊܣ
ûп㣬Ȼмֱ£
ɽʿô˵ʱҪζܣܰԼѹڵ̫ңһоȫͬ
аɽ׵飬ټڤӣԼܹƿԼ壬׵ѹ̫Ǹ쵰Զ٣ó
޿㣬ΪʦֻҪרޣסа
ϵ̫ڻ졣
л£
ڤһ񣬲ˣɫȴΪƽû̫ľϲ
΢ΪΪ³ϵаԶԶ΢а΢ۣ֣֮һȻаǿ󣬶һ棬ȴΪ֮Уһǡ
Ǿڱ֮ڣȫȫİ£ֻҪ֮еĿǻڣôһоͻѶ֮
Σ֮У
ڤӳƺҲԭġ񡱣ˡ΢
ʲô
ǣ
ͫһ˲ɫ
ڤⷬϣΪʥӣʲôܳΪĿǣһ֮ڣ
ʲôǣ
ࡣ
漰ɣУޡ
Ҳ˭ֻҪ֪ݣͻѸٰγ
֮Ī֮Īѵ˸ҺԲɣ
΢۾ڳе鲢֪飬Ҳûа취ش¡߰׻֮࣬׻ףɱսҲҴҲѰ׻࣬ǰ׻ʥ࣬ضִȨλȨأλڱ֮С
΢̾΢ϣаĪĹϵһУ΢ʱ޷㡣ǱҪа˱ȫֹʱ򣬱ضвۣһ񣬲ò죡
ڤҾ֣һɫ
׻ʥִࣿƾȨλϡ
ﾲģû˵΢۾Žɣ˳˼֮С
ˣ
һ̣һӰԺ΢ʱ纮˪
ѵ
׻ףɱսףλȨأִƱȨ֮УЩģֻһˡ
壡
ҪǣһǸаĹѾڳкԼԣ̫ƽ¥¼ѡ¼泼ԼԡĸۡǡþڻʹϣӦʿ֮˵
뵽ɫʱࡣ
ǣ
ֻ֪һﴦԼԣȴ֪ȻԼпǣ
Լˣ
뵽йâ仯ӿһŨҵɱ
⣬ɽʱ򣬻һЩѰݵˡݶЩˡ֢֮˼ЧҪǣа֢֮ҲЧҲа
ЩŻǸҲЩ˺ͱеĿǣλ׻ʥǧ˿Ƶϵ΢Ĵ¿»Ա²
ڤӵ
΢ǵùżмأݶڳ侳ʧܵЧܹƣǿĳ̶ֳֹܹ˻
䣡
ڤǰ漸䣬⣬һݶڳ侳ʧܵЧϣ𣬶ıɫ
ˣ
ɫ͵ķһŭ
ĶôĵӣȻҰаΪУ
һһɿֲϢɽһ㣬ڱŷ
۶ͷҲҵ趯
侳
£ﵽ磬˵ģֻڵǸа
˵֮ǰȷŵĻôһ̣ѾȷɽЩ˾رԼģ
֪ĶûɱѾĪĶˣ㾹Ȼұޣ飬а
һ̵ŭȫڲ
Ҫò
ʥʣ˵ף
Ծ壬Ҳ
ѵ췴ԼԲɣ
ôû뵽ȻС
ҳӣ˳ӣ˽¾ȻȥɽѰݶԸԼ
ǡɽʿԼǰԼ֪취жԸԼ
쵰Ȼң
һֳðͱѣ
飡
ͻȻ֮䣬һɳ˲ڤӡľشǿ˲ķ顣
ڤӣ£Ҫʲô޶Ӧ㣡
壬ұޣ㲻ã
졣

ʱ仺ȥһжɵĽš
˽£ȴǰӿ
ҹ⣬һӰͷСĻܺѸٽ븮֮ۡС
ݼү
Գ븮У·ǰϷǵӢ˲ϢǿӰ°ݣηޱȡ
ʱ䣬ôˣ
ϣڱǰеż㣬ͷҲ̧Գĵ⡣
ʵϣöɽѾ˼ڡʥʡߵӣں֮ǰѾãѭѭգץԼΪԼߵġ۾
ҲΪ˫۾Ĵڣܼʱ֪ߵĶûκ˵ע⡣
·һʦȺ֪飬ºҲһ֪ߣȴѾ֪ˡ
үǰʥʿʼȫΧڴռҩݡʯ⣬ʥѾڹΪǸڤӽ˵˵ȣеÿ˭Ҳ֪ʲôֻ֪ÿնУʱȥ
һ˺ܴĴ۲Ŵڤʥа
Գͷ
һ仰˲üͷ
֪ˣȥɣ
ǣȥ֧һǧƽ𣡡
ǣү
УǺܿӦ
ʵ۲ԳȻǸСˣСҲС˵ôȻҲвվûнúá
ȸǸڤӲôˣ
ǴԳ뿪ܿعͷ˴£಻Զȸ
үѾڤȷʵǳɽһصʿĿǰΪֹûзκοɵĵط⣬ȻһʼҲɹڤǲǺˣӸӦò̫ܡ
ЩӦûôĵӣĿŵĳʥʵߡҲųڤǷܺǴ
ȸͷ
û˵ֻͷ΢΢ЩŹ֣һ˼ɫ
ڤӣ
֣˵ġ
ϱӣʥĩڣ˳ֹҲҲֻ꼻һ֣ûʲôˣܿ뿪ˡ
ºһֱƽٽ٣Ҳû˵Ϣͺһĭںгʧһ㡣
ڴƣʷϣëԼϣõӵʿʵ󲿷ֶʲô˻


ڶǧʮһ Ѫ裡
ע⵽Ϊʿݶѡ
һҼǵǲӵģѵ˵ΪҵĲֺ֣ЧӦӸı˴˵ˣ˵飿
Ժд˷
һܶණѾı䣬ܶԭڴƵѣˣͬģҲµı仯˵ʢϱӾûзġ
ڤӳ˴ƵĻʦҲͬûз
ȻıԼ٣һĴƲûгֹԼλݴ󶼻̸ʿһʱ֮Ҳ޷же顣
ˣүǱҲϢ໹ʮͻ᷵ؾʦ
ʱȸͻȻٴδС
Ŷ
Ŀһ£ʱعΪ⡣
ôͷؾʦ⵹ǳ⡣
ˣ˵ʲôᵽ𣿡
ʵ
Ѿɽһ飬ɽҵһҩݣʱ޷ȷϡǺүԼŽصݷǳƣ
ȸ
ɣ
ĬƬ̺󣬿ڵ
⣬С£вأݵ¾֪
ǣү
ȸһ񣬺ܿתȥȥˡ
ȸת뿪ɲǡ
ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ⻮Ժһ𣬶Ȼ֮뵽ʲô
ӡɽ
Ŵʿڤӡɽ
ݣ
ԼȥɽѰݣڤǡɾɽ޵⵽һֿ⣬ɺϣ
ɽжǷڤӣ
ݵ飬ڤ֪֪
ڤڤ֪飬Ƿ񡭡
һɲǣͻȻַǳĸо
ӥдһŸӣѯûһɽʿ
忪ڵ
ǣү
һƬžƬ֮ӥѸȥ
ֻϣһҶˡ
а

ʱ仺ȥӥȻѾӼȥһţȴʼûյӵĻš

ʮһͻȻҴҵĽУϥأ
үոյϢӺͽڻؾ·Ϯ
ʲô
ڣںһʳú̿飬ⷬ˷׷ױɫ
ô£
˭ǣ
ѵˣ

Ĳš
УӺͽ͵ģ˵͢ûжʶɽҲûм˼ʵǣôϮ
ǲ˵ѵģû֪ô¡
ѵΪݣ
ʱ򣬴У֪˭˵
˲Ϣ䣬ΧʱһƬžеȫʧˡ
ȸǡӥ˷׷üͷࡣ
ݣȻ챦Ƕ侳˵ʵû̫ãԷǳݶôͽȻͬ
ֻɽȫѰӵ䡣
ʱ򣬴һϵ
ǣ
忪˵һƬྲ˷׷׵ͷӦǡ

ɲǼ䣬Ÿ˷
ͬһʱ䣬սգ̽ҲŴӾʦзɢȥ
Ȼŵʱ򣬽ֻʱ䣬ͷ˳ϵı仯
ܿ죬һֻŸУӵϢ
Ӻͽ˶ֻһˣ޴󰭣Һܿͻִﾩʦ
⣬ҲûбԷߣ˲վͻ塣
ϢĿ죬Ӻͽĸ졣
еݣҪִܵǾҹʱ֣һ󼱴ٵӺͽ͵ҹУС
ͨˣ¶һ˿⡣
Ӻͽ壬ǳһ
Ϣңķǳ֮࣬ɫ֮͸¶һƣʱı
̫ˣ
йâһվһ˸ƹӣѸٳǰ
ڻˣ
һ˵ţһ΢ɲǼ䣬нһƺƵ΢ƿնû뵽ڣһֲ˾޷ĵһѸ޲ڵơ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ֻͿϷһѪɫϢҲƽ࣬͸ո֮
ӣҲǳɹˣ
ӳһ漴һװĽһ
ৣ
䶯ѩ˳ָ֮һһ೤̴ľС
ľûд򿪣ȴһɹɵҩ㣬֮У˸оƢ
⣬ݣһ빫ӹĿ
˵ţԱߵĽ˸ƣ߻⣬ͬȡһ鶫˫Źĵ˹ȥ
ˣ
Ƴһۣһ۲û⣬һ̣ƺϳʲôৣһУеĶ˲ʧû뵽֮С
еĶɫ˲ࡣ
Ķһö߳ذףذ͹Ź֣еһ滹ž״Ľṹޱȡ
ⲢעĽ㣬ǣöذһм¶һϤģˮħԻơ
ȸ֣
ԵĽϤˣΪһַȸ֣
һһսµȸԼʹõִëϷնƥȸ¡
ܱѾܾãﰵֶͨҪȡĸֲģĿǰΪֹúͿʯ˺ܹܶ࣬ȸģֻ塣
ȸÿһѵȥǳȷҪõȵ컹ѡ
ֻдƵĻңΪҵλ嵱꾴һȸ׸͢
Ҳ˵ǱҲһȸذ׵״Ϊ֮ΪѪ衱
ЩΪϡ٣ֻ͸˼ٲֵľӢеĹͽǶԵһ˵ˡ
֮ң˵ҲҪҵЩѪ衱ʧˣΪû֪ǵ䡣
ģͬʱҲȷöذݵģһݵͼ
ǡѪ衱
Ƥҵ£ޱȡ
Է͹ǵʵϮ֮ҺͽˣȴǺͶԷһɱһˣһˣҲ˼ˡ
ʼʳԷݵʱҺͽǳ𾪣Щذǲѵġ
ӣȻǴݣԷЩˣô¿¾ͷͬСˣ
˵ӵɫޱȡ


ڶǧʮ ټ
ﾲĵģ塢ӡû˵
еذףͼһüͷ
ܼǰյϮϢʱҲй²⣬ôû뵽ڰ·ϽɱӵģȻǻҵˡ
׼Ϯ˵Ĵ̿ͣʹô־Եģܹ׷ݵ
ֻֽͣҪôԷ޴ҪôǶԷǳԴ󣬸Ϊжɱʧܣ˷֣Ҳ޹˼ɣں
ˣ
ԺиֳӰüӹһ˿
ˣʮа˾Ǳݺģȴ֪λ޼ɵķȫóġ
ҪǣѪ衱֣ҲζĵѾΪʵ
ȥѰݵѾȫ¶Ѿ֪飡
һüͻͻֱһǿҵΣӿ
֪֪飬ôһоͻûн
Ȼֻһ˲ع
֪ˣˣȥúϢɣµ齻Ҵ
ǣӣ
ӺͽԹһɫࡣ
λҪĿĻݣΪ˸ҵϢ
ķӦ˶κʱֻҪô˵ôζţѾ˴ð취µľòǵˡ
ӴŽܿ뿪ˣ뿪֮󲻾ãԼĸʱ֮峿ʱ֣һԶĵط
գ
սգ峿Աϡ٣ûжע⵽һƥսɫҴңһ·ۣ˻ʹ֮С
£ոյϢʧܣѪ˲أֻѣ⣬ЯݵѾؾʦ֮С
ԷķӦǳǰɱеŸ룬еϢϢٵ˺ܾãֱڲŷ͹
֮Уϥڵϣ
ʲô
һŭڴ̺Ŀֲ̫˲
ϷԷһ̣öԲγΡӲ˱ǵĽ𵤡
ǴλʦصΪʥƵĲϵʱһ̷ֱЩϵһѹڵʥ꣬һ水ڤӵ˵̵ͨ٣ϡ
۲ŴԵĴʼʵۣǶܣ书ĺۣ̫ڻʵۡ
ӹôӢľӲջȻҲˡ
⼸̷ҩѾԸоѹסǸˣϢȴȻŭ
˳ݣ֮ǰŬǰ
Щûõķ
ϣҧгݣվй̫Ȼ
£ͨϢǺһһɹĽɫ˴Ӵɳȥ
԰꣡
ͻȻ֮һһһԵڤͻȻǰǰҾһ񣬿˵ˣ
ѾЩҲ޲׻ǣͬСɣʿҲǳ֮»Ӧ취ôһ١
ȻڱкܴĿãһвŸոտʼ»лֹ£
ڤӳ
ڤӵһ䣬ԭ˷ŭޱȵʱлһĨɱ
쵰ȻִԣǾ͹ֲˣ
¡¡
ŭʦҲȻһ䣬¡¡һͻȻ֮ӻʹϿշӶϿƹһƬɽ¥ļ

һ֮࣬УһƬ
꣡
̴ľУе׵Ķʱӳ
֮ǰռĹżȻѾϸݣ⻹ʵеһμ괫˵еɽݡ
ɽҩͨ¾Ө͸һ㣬ۿĺţؼ侹ȻĶ
ϸȥݵĲݾ֮һɵɫ֦Ҷ֦Ҷһָĸо
û⣬ǽȴһֻֻҫҲȼյ̨Щâҫ͸ľҶһʰҫ۶ĿĹâһָԵֲС
ûдӦþˣ
忴ǰֲ꣬пѡ
ݰѵһҲֻΣӺͽǰȥѰҴҲֻǾΪȴû뵽ɽҵ
Ȼûϸ˵ΪѰҴҲСĴۡ
ҩ֣˵һвŸոտʼõҩȻҪҪĻôҩãʥʡ
õĹż֮Ȼݵļأȴû漰ʹݵĲ֡
ܹ侳ж٣
Ҫ˵ܶû˵侳֡
ҩ֣ûеķҲ޼¡
ֹˣߣڻأȫһ֣ͬʱ֮ǰΪ̫ƽ¥¼ѡ¼Լд󳼵ʹ֮Ĺϵǳ
ڵ壬˵´ҩӽ
ǰݣžһϸӣüͷٴ˳˼
ʥּ
˵ʱʱ죬ʱͻȻһ߿ӵ⴫
üͷһ͵̧ͷ⡣
ֻգ۵ʱ䣬һ󼱴ҴҵĽŲ洫Ϣĵطٿ
ּɣ
ֻʱ䣬һ߰һţһȻײ
Ŵ򿪣һ޷Ŀ̫ഩƽ£ץһʥּᣬ˽
һȺ̵С̫Ҳ˽
ңǡԼһȺĻͨ졣
үԲӲǸס
°ɣ
ֻһۣڵ
֮ǰݵʱ䣬κ˶ôţǶԷʥּ֣ȻҲ޷
ǣү
ǵΡ
ߣүҪ˷ʱˣּɣ
ͷ׵̫ȴûô࣬һֱӿڵ
ּ
ĬƬ̣Ŀйâܿǰȥһ
ˣʵگԻ
ΪŹ֮ɽй޶ղΪ빬󣡡
ֱ̫չʥּǼɤڴ
̫ʥּݣȴ˲üͷ
ʥּʽνɽϷԡҪ񲿵ɫ޴ǣݷǳ࣬ϸĸʽ
յʥּܹ仰д÷ǳ⣬ҸʽҲǳɢʥּǿ͡
Ȼϸ˼ǰ̫ʥּĿƳ壬ѾЦſڣ
үʥʿɲˡʱͣʥּǿүͱü빬⣬ҲѾˣүͲҽڵˣɣ
ֱ̫˸ơ


ڶǧʮ ͼ

ң̫ĻΧǣȴ৵һɫ
߲ƣ߲
ּּּҪǣΣʥ٣ҲҪʱ䣬ԡ£׼׵Ȼϳʥ
ǶԷոּҪ׼ʱ䶼ûУǡǿ롱
ԹԳʹáǿ֮
ˣּ
һ̫࣬Ĵߴ٣ܿ쿪ڵ
ү
ǵԣн˵ʲôȴ˰֣ˣ
鷳ˣ湫빬
ɽ
ǵ˵ĵģǶԷȻ׼ٻ빬һ;ͿˣʥּΪ˷ֹΥ
ͶвʱּһΥ治
ʱ벻빬Ͳˡ
ү
ʱ򣬹âһӺͽҲӺ˹
ǧﱼԭں֮ϢϢҲ˹
һʥּֿ̫࣬һ۶壬˶ʱʲô¶һ˿ĵǡ
̫ˣ
ǲŸոմݵﾩʦʱһҹʱ䶼ûУǱ߾ѾӦɳˣ
ڸеţҺܿͻ
Ŀţ˵仰ӽһ񣬺ܿ촩ȺһȺ̫ǰȥ
ݣ
ع
һ죬˵ĿУ̫һȺʹĻ£ܿŻʹȥ

뿪󲻾ãŸ˷
һ岻ϲʥʣͻȻ֮ɳ̫࣬ǿнߣ빬УϢѸٷɵ³ԼС
ͻ¼֮𼫴𶯡
ÿ˶иоΣзʥͻȻʱ壬⡣
׼Ҫ빬ʥ
³ԱҪһ빬
УƤͻȻּȲĸо
Ƭ̣³ܿʻš
Ȼ˸ոյִﲻã¡ȳصľ޴ţλ۹سǰعرգ˿Ϸ졣
ʥּʱ֮ǰκ˶ڣ
Զ߸ߵĳǽϷһİŽ˿ĸ档
³࿴һۣ˲Ϣ䣬ж
¡
ʹ޴ĳŹرյʱ򣬶Ǿ޴ĸһ࣬ͭҲ΢ɲüͷ
ŲʱͻȻرգһжԵ̫ˡ
ңյĻʹ̫ˣ
үضǣ»̫ţǻǼӿٶȣҪñ¾õȣ
ʱ̫⴫
ǰ·ǡ
嵭ûкִ
ֻ̫ǸĶѣƽûκ塣
ǰУϵĴӸֺĹ֮дж֪ΪʲôΧĿ¡
ǰҲУ֮ңΪ˱ƳҲҹ̽ʹʱĻʹûô
ңȻڣ棬ʶɢԲڣнŮ̫ķӦܡ
ÿһע⡣
ЩڹǽĽһͦ϶ظλĿбӣǵǰʻʱЩ·̫࣬Ŀⶼϡ
ǺܿŤͷ򣬵ɸоһĻ
Щˡȫʱҵģ
һ£Ժӹһͷ
һ̣һ㡣
ͳδ֮󣬹н˺ܴı仯Ҳ仯˲١
ң֮սڽе죬£󲿷ֵĽ弫ΪݣЩһ϶ڼظλʵʣһֱ塣
һǣüͷ壬üӹһ˿ȴʲôҲû˵

¡һ·ǰУҲֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ͻȻ֮䣬һ죬ͭܿͣͬʱ̫ЦҲУ
үˣǰ̫үɣӼҾͲȥˡ
̫Ż͵ĽС̫ܿ뿪ˡ
ΧһƬž̧ͷǰ̫һôϸʣֻһָоȣ̫ƺЩ̫һ
ּʥ
ʱԶԶģ̨Ϸһİ̫߸ߵĴϷǼ̫졣
΢΢գ۾عųİܯ̫ڶȥ
䣡
Ƭ֮ܿ촩İܯ̤̫ڡ
Ľͭ¯ĽǣƮɢ뵣һ翵ĸо
ˣ
һ߽оղԣ֮УһĿѸ˹ʱʱĴ

Ŀ΢һЩԣ̫λ⣬̤룬˵ˡ
ԭΪټֻ֮Լˣǵ̤һ̣оλƺԼȫͬ
ʥʵḶֻ̫̌⣬̤ͥһǴʱ˿̣̫ԣվһ
Щڴ⣬ȴ뵽̫УѾǻ˹أ
ֹˣĿһƳɨϷһӰ΢΢ɫ

ǾѪսߣ۹λ⣬һսսκϢǳϤ
ֻǺͬʱ˿̵ûվѪս죬ǴһɫؼףȫûУֻһ˫۾¶棬塣
վĺ󷽣ԤеĲͬٴûбֵĺ磬ͣĳգ۾Ŀ͸һ˿ƺҪʲô
һĻ΢оʲôûе˼һ̣һЦ̫Ϸ
ˣ
һϵӰϷЦЦ̺΢΢
̧ͷͨһ۾ͿϷ
һֱֻۣſȻһһңˡ
֮ǰƺͻڵ֡
΢μ£
ǰܿ칪һ
ã޵Ź֮
Ц۾·壬Ŀȴӹһ˿Թɱ⡣
ҳӣһһεԼԼԲ˵Ȼȥ͵͵ѰݣԼΪС
Լǰڤӣġıµڻڹ


ڶǧʮ ذ
쵰ңʳ֮»ƻҸǵһУȻҰǸаһԸԼͳƻʵֱۣǴ治
ҺԣҪ֮أ
ţеɱԽʢϵЦݾԽĲá
Ϊսºպչͣûа䣬ƾԴﲻյĻԻͣȻһֱæڳڶûܺͰúһģѵһУҾһҪѾԻϥ̸
˵ţһƣ˴ȥ
վڵ£ⷬȴ΢΢üͷ
ǰһһ䡱һһæڳԼǵˣ廹Ϊǰλ񣬲ҺԼĹϵΪǢʲô¼̫ƽ¥¼ѡ¼ͳͳֻԼĻþ
з
ǰֵԽ飬бԽǸоһŨҵΣ
ˣ;ƣ
Ȼûϸ˼ϷٴδУĴһӣһ̫Ӳ߳жһ̣зһ׼õľƱʢ˽ɫľҺ߲ߵǰ
ˣ
ͬʱն䣬˷Ŀ׷׼еϣϷҲӸ£Ŀϡ
ɲǼ䣬һƬţ˶ס˺壬ķӦ
ڤڤУ⽣ӰһƬ
ͷĿ̫жŵĽҺľɢȥеı仯һ㣬ĸ֪֮С
̫žҺɲǣоһͻȻ֮ɫĿԼɫ糣һֱֻֻȴʶеĵһֻһ㣬ʱ׼
ܹоĵһըĺë
ֹˣľ֪˸޵ĺ
Щ˲ڴ֮У̫иصĵط飬һ߾ȫĿԼĺëףֹԼϢй¶
ЩѾСˣǰȴȻй¶вأ׽Ϣ
ж
ʱ㷴ӦҲǰⱭ͵ľ⡣
Ϣй¶ľҪˣ
΢΢̧ͷĿƳһ۴ϷѾӱվ
أ廹Ǵоһ˿ɱ
һǣʱȻ֪Լ²Ĳûд
ԴӺͽһݵѾй¶Ǳ߱Ȼ
ԼϾǴƵس屾ΪҪԸԼȻҲ˼ɣϵȻ˵ļͣ
Ƶĵһλͬʱּӷ˾ݴ󶼻󽫾̸ʿ˸ʳ۹ĹͣóȻɱȻڳҰ𼫴Ķ
ǿѾȫˣ
ǰⱭơ
΢ǿʵǿ󣬽ڰٶ֣һٱƣҲκεӰ졣
ֻȻôȻžԵİգⱭƣô򵥡
ţ
쳣ţ
֮У˶ڵȴķӦĬʱ򣬴ǹɽŵպӿɱû滺ԽŨҡ
һϷȴûǷġ
壡ҿּ
ǰһ̣ϻЦݣһһ䡱һǣĿһЦȥҲ絶
¡
䣬䣬˲Ϣ䣬ڵ⣬һɹǿҵȫϡ
һɹɰؿռ䣬룬ϣפ
սһ
֪һɹ絶ƽɫҲ˲ޱȡ
Ȼǵ۹س߹ԾĹ֮йһꡣ
ȴ֪еߵʹǷʥʣ
ǰʥʣֻҪһ仰еηķ𹥻
̫ڽţսŵ˼㡣
崣һԺм˼Բߡ
֪ԼӦԵõµȴԼľһս
Լ֮䣬Ҳͳ׵ľˣ
ٴ̧ͷһۣϷԼ¶һ˿Цݣͺһһ
һɲǣüͷ壬гģͬ˼㣡
ȣ
ȣͻⷢӣԿּΪɣԼңʱҲǸ
һΣ׼ԼĻҪ֣
壬㻹ȣ
Ϸ˫֣ɫ⣬ޱȡ
Ȼͱ뿪
оĵģ崣һǰǱĽɫҺйâã˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ȵЩͷ׼ֱʱͻȻˡ
ּ
ͻȻڴ
һ̣˵ĿУĬƬ̣ϵľƱһ

һ̣˵ˣסˣһʹ㵡
ߣ
ΪƵսʵѴﵽ󼰵ĵزˣҲ뵽ڶԸ֮ǰһƣӰˡ
ǣĸԸĺ¶ƾ£رǣѾԲ⡣
û뵽Ȼ׾˶ơ
ããʵ̫ˣ
Ɑƣһ˿ѩĹâḧƣ̲סĴЦ
ūţҪò֪ҲʥʣȻҺԣǸаΪ޲֪㱳𣿡
ĴЦһ㣬л졣
Ҵ
һ̣âһ֮УһɫĮĻҹһߣӺ󷽷ӳ
ߵɲǣ嶼˲ɫ
Ŀߣ
ҹĻ߲Ǳˣʮǰʥص壬ھʦ֮Уйһ̸Ŀߡ
Ǵν̸֮ʵѾȥ͵أ꣬ȴû뵽֪ʱȻҵһ̫С
ү
ƺܵϢĿߺȾѪһ㱻򦣬סѨ
ſ
ɫ΢䣬ոǰ΢ͣ˽Ų
ţ޵ȻһϹӣҪã
ʵϣ޻ҪʹһЩ֤ݡк֪޲֮Ǹ˽ֻһ޳ܵа
Ц
¶Ƶɲǣһڷ
֮ģһǿҵ
˵ɱ


ڶǧʮ 
ৣ
΢ڣ̬ݣ˵ĿУӴϷ
һΣǰڲԼ
Υޣ͵
ҵٻ󣬶ƻҸģ޸ģΥޣ
̫ƽ¥飬ѡ顭˭ĵӺԣг͢£Ϊʲô֪𣿺ԣ͵
л죺
ڸҲ޷ȵǱƣڤ񻽡¼ľƣרЩʵǿľǿġ
֪书ܸߣ˵ٶ֣пܣھסҺں䡣ûõģڤ񻽿͸¾Һǿ𣬶ҺѾʼ席࣬ע޷ת
ŵµ壬Ǽ
ͽд
ûбȻİգʹֶ
Ϊ֪ڤ񻽵ʵ֮ǰù¾ҺǿѾƶɡ
ⶫ˵壡
ˣ
ƺӦжϣͻȻ֮䣬ͦͻȻһΣԭɫû˿ף˲ò԰ޱȣеѪҺ˲ʵøɸɾ
ֻˣֶֻźƺҪֹʲô
ǸûãһɹɻҺɫϢ岱㣬һӣͲ԰׵ƤԱޱȡ
ۣ
ſڣƺ˵ʲôǻûüڣһ͵ѿһѪ
ߣǱ޵Ĵۣĵ·ɣ
ޱȡ
һӣҪֱӳ֣ɵ塣
һ̣ƺʲô΢𣬶ıɫԭ׼µҲͣա
ǺǺǡ
ͻȻ֮䣬һЦ
ΪɱһǷѾĻѽ
У̧ͷŴϷĿ͸һļ
Ϊһ̣һ˺ܾðɣ
һ岢ûгƺ£ֱӸΪ¡
仰ıɫ
㣡ûж
ڤ񻽵˾һôе˵ⷬôܣ
ǱƣһǣͻȻһּȲĸо
Ҹɵ
Ȼеδ䣬ɫһݿ׻Ϸ˹ȥ
¡¡
һɲǿХɫƺƵͬȹ̵ҽһ㣬ӿȥֲֿѹֱϢ
ܲʥʣƿסܹ֮ʹǹɿֲ
˫սر𣬵ǹɼΪֲ
ɱ
ʥʵһźţֱӿⳡʮ̫дδйӴɱ
¡¡
һɲҡػΣ𶯣ڤڤз·һ޴̫бŷһ˲䣬е˲ֻ֣һɲǣ޴ĺУն·˺ˡ
һըȼգһֲĹЮŻص㣬˷ϯ
ɱ
һ˻ƫ֮У֪ڰľ񡢹ŭţɱ塣
δһɹӴ壬ǹѹİһ㣬ʵʣֱϢ
Ϊжȫǹеľÿһʥ侳߽ӽʥ侳Ϊ
϶ҧЩ񹩷һһȫ֣ǵӴһ̶ȣͬʱһϻ֮ʱȫͬ
һлԶûн
¡
ըһɹΣĿֲ󷽣̫ӿ˽
ػ̫Ϊʮþȵ壬ֱԭѵеĺһȫ˹ػ̫Χ
Щһɱʱ򣬱㳹׶Ͼ·һǴ֮п꣬ձ˼㣬ĴҲΣյ˼㡣
ÿһηΪػʥʶǵĹÿһޱȡ
֮УЩԸɱ׹һĺǿߣʬҰأ˵Щʵ
ôҹڼǿʵ»ҲҪٴնɱ
Ȼ΢Ϊ˹ģǿĹҲмĸʱնɱ
ۿŸֹ㣬ϯĴʱΣյ˼㣬Ȼһ̣˶벻鷢ˡ

һ죬ͻȻʥķ
һѵ̫Ϸ߸ߵĽɫУ֮УһֱЯͻȻһУԭӨ͸ı棬鿪ѺۣȻ󻯳Ƭһء
ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬һ룬ԭһ̧ۣͷ壬˿ĹҲĭһ㣬Ťһ£˲仯ΪӰʧ
һǣǵǳɼƺǶ˵ĳЦ

УХһƻյķһŭХ
͵ػͷϷĽɫȻڱԱߣһϤӰ
壡
һǣ۾ˣ
飡
ǰɽ׸ıͬʱҲѹʥҪĶԲŻ᲻ߵﶼЯ
飬ŻڳֵɲǣڱϣԭֻҪɹɱ壬ôͲκεӰ죬û뵽һٷö飡
ԭѾס壬ڣʧȥİͺӲʯ˶һǣоڱѹƵǸڲϸգԾ˵ٶǿ
㵽׸ʲô
һΣоһĿֻš
˶סˣû׷ʲô
ǻһӣǡʥʡķӦȴһʥʴʱûҲ޷
Ϸ䲻⣬һл֮˷࣬Ҳ˵ˡ
ƾ㣬ҲҳޣҲƻʣ
¡¡ף̫л졣
һ빬ΣռķӦ̫ˣûиķӦʱ䣬ô֣һӦԲҲ³
ãðһڻǳɹٵҪ顣
ķӦ֪Լгɹˡ
ˣ㾹ô˵
Ѿŭˡ
Ϊβңܣ޵巣Ů̫ࡢʵۣôϲŮɫҳӣ㲻ҲТΥȻʣʮǰ֮мأ治ѱȻʰ̳дͳʸкεºܳƹµѣԳʥʣ
ƣֻһʡһֱѹڵλûλãŴһ·ǰ߸裬ڵĴʢ츣ʹҸ̤
ʲԷ⣬ĸԸͬƳ硣
ԱȣһĻӣεºܺʥᲢۣ
Ŀ


ڶǧʮ ȭ
ϷͦΣԱһȺҹΧסҲ޾ɫ
ȻѾͼذҲѾϣȻҲòڡ
ȨΣ
λΣ
˵ʼĴػȨΪȨĿһ£УΪ츣ػƬ𢡢ɽӡ
ǣȨ޵ˣǻλͻȨʹۣʲôֵþηġ
»ΪЩܹס
㣡㣡㣡
£ụ̂ǻʵۣƻҵͳ
ʵ£˵ȽϣΪСܵĽǣɽϷԣʵʲôʲôһССĳӾȻǰ޼ɵʴʣֱд
ˣҳӣȻǰ棡Ϊɱ𣿡
㿹ּϣ޽״һı֮ֻ㣬ͳͳ
ûɫ࣬ɫޱȣһѾֻǳŭˡ
걻Ȼʳ𣬰λ̳Ȩ飬һֱ˰̣Ҳɻ飬ȴĵҿ˰̣⳹׼еɱ
ˣɱ
һɲ¡¡һʥʵ쳹ʦ
ʱ䣬ʦ𶯣¥һĿ׷塣
һ빬ŲԶĵطûԶ³һ˻࿴һֱۣŤͷʹķ˫˫ɫ
ڲһıȣڽŵնʱ
վڴϷҲ˲ɫ
ǷܣϣȷʵǴƵĻʵۣ
Ϸԣ
ƾⷬ۴µĺΣҶٲΣյľأ
ԶǾȻӵϵȨһ㣬ʲô޷ı䣬Ҳ޷ֲ
²ƵĽ´ƾˣ
ɱ
Ȼڣһҹɱ壬һɹɰɽХһ㣬ŷӿȥ
˹
ޣ֣
ǧһ֮ʣǰδеĿֲΣɫأͻȻȳ
𣡡
䣬һ˷ˣ޷޵ĺͻȻԺ
䣡
һգۣ䣬ɲǼ䣬һʷǰضΪ֮ʧɫľ籩ǵأɽ廳ұ
徭֮ս˴ʳ˾ȫѱÿֲޱȣʮͬ΢ǿߡ
ľЦľ󲿷ǿߡ
ǿľǿеͷȣө֮£ʧɫ
֮սʳ߰ʮʳ˵ľսУʳĸ࣬ӴľۣڵѾǿĳ˵
֮Ըҡ¡Ǳƣľ޵ʵ
ûкȶƣеһУվԭصĻȫ޵Ľ
˵עⶼϵʱ͸Կɳ֮
ذľ࣬ʹⳡҵ̫֮Уˮӳ޴á
¡
غ㾡ȫʩչʱӰεľһ˿ҰԿԿĶͼֵȴݺһ㣬ȫǶ֡
ԺѾ˾ӡֵˣ
ֻգۼ䣬Ӱ

ֻһĴУԭǵأȥ칥дͻȻı䷽򣬺Եˡ
ҸʵǿһͻȻ֮ܵʱû
ˣ
һĻȻŭһȡ
𣡡
һ𶯣һΣ˱޿ƵʱֱԾ˵ٶȳȥ

˳ȥͬʱ𶯣һ춯صڱ
ĿУڽ㣬ǹĽɫƺƵ⻯һɫľ롣
ھӳ£ԵӴޱȡ
ȭ
ȻѧܣϾǻӵܣܵĶǻͳĽ޷ʥһ춯صʵȣһǴķ֮
ȥɣ
һģǹǵأΪб
һĻ嶼ƤиоһǿΣ
սɰѧԺʥ֮𣬵ǾϾʥʵģʥ۵Ӵ
һСһѳǹûʲôǺ׼ͷԣֻҪǹУȻԷӳܴв
ʱ˷ǳơ
ɹ
˲Ϣ䣬ĿһݣѸٽɹ߷˼£Ǿĺҫһɫ¥ϺƴѸٸ
¡
Ŀ£һĴɹûзӳɰٴáĻԵĿϯ£˲ͽʮķѡ
ʥڵ̫ˣҲԶԶ塣
ӿɲǣ͸оЩ·ȼգԴɹҲ֧Ųס
⻹Դѧɹһȫ޷ת
ˣ
ķӦܿ죬ʮѵɲǣѸʩչӰħ֮ײ𵴳΢С϶Ѹٳ
ʱֳսеĲˡ
ʥʳ֣κλᣬһǿʵȴûܹץסᣬһ
ˣʥһֲɸ˼ĳ
䣡
ֻŲʮɣɱԵУײ̫ǽϣǽϻ
΢һɲܹġ
ֻһƾСĵΣɳɹˡ
ֹˣ˵ͬʱڣĺɱҲͻȻࡣ
Ȼܵ޵ӰͿƣȻһЩ־ᶨͻҹѹڶݵʧ֮󣬰޵Ŀơ
ɱ
ǵĿһѸ˲Զ塣ǰ˭˾ֻҪʥһ£Ҳԥɱȥ
͹˵Լڵļֵ
¡¡
һлԶֹˣֵɲǣغһܼĽŲ纣˷
һǲ֪ٽ֮ǰһ󺰣ӻʹĸط۶ӴƺޱȣһȦȦȦʱĿ۽⣬Ŀ⸩ȥͻᷢĽ־־ѾŰΧ
֪飬ԽԽĽϢһҲгأɫ԰ײѡ


ڶǧʮ 

ľ
Ҳ˵ǰе飬ΧˮйͨĽܹӳ죬´ӽҶҪۣΪĴƵҳӣٲĵز
泼Ϊ㻹ӵ𣿡
ЦŲƣس˹ȥ
ݣһܹһȫʬ
ȿȣ
ϣѪڸܴǲ԰׵ϣʱ¶һ˿Цݡ
㻹֪ݣѾȫˣ
ʲô˼
ͫһ̤ǰһ
ֻЦû˵ֻ̯֮һµĸ룬ǸݵĸҶƬȫʧ١
̫Сˣ֪ҪԸԼɴݲȽʹѵΪηȨν
Ȼ֣ҪãĸԸ£ڵĹϵҪһȵ컹ѡ
ͻȻټȴһѵõĻᣬ̫̤ʱԺһǸʱԼĻˡ
һ·ϲ̫μ嶼⣬ᡣ
λΪ׼һƣڶڸ֣Ҫһ£֪ͬΪ׼һݡ
ǿ¶Ƶʱѽģ֮ͨѹ̫Ŀ֮С
رǵ˽֣ʱǽһ֮УڽıϢС
ȻҩЧԶɵҩǶ˵Ѿõİ취ˡ
泼޽֮أ
ʱ˿ҲӦɱǣ˳׵ŭˣ徹ȻֱǴ治
¡
𶯣Ŀٴα
ۿǵصĸߵȼΪǧɫŭϮ޿ƵҲʽʽȥ
һɲǼ䣬ٴ뵽˼ΣյľС
ʧˣ
һǿҵΣУݼоâڱ
Ȼƽһֱɽ֪빬һʵѾ̤һ˿Σյĵ·
·һͱڣһԨ
ʲôɳôչȥֻºֻأ
֪ѹһʥʣΨһĻᡣ
ֻǣðһˡ顱ͷųˡݡǿռ
ʯ䣬һ˿ɫָܿһ컯һһֻӰʵʣѸٸ
жʧܣʲôʱԷ
ˣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ۿҪٴ֮ǰٴαˣʱͻ𣬾׼ֵɲǣһͻȻԭأǵأֺɵĽɫҲ֮ͣա
棬ͻȻֹһ㡣
ô£
һ˿𾪵ɫıɫ
һΣҪڵȴһһ̣ͻȻԼʧȥ˶ĿȨ
ܣ
쵰㵽ʲô
־ŭʶ˶塣
Ŀ޾ҳӣ飬ֽݻڿ֮У룬֪ʲô治£
£
£

һԭ׼ͻҹҲо״һʱ׷Χȥ޴롣
棬Ѿ׼ƴһҪԾ
Ȼ飬ֻݣ֮⣬ûи顣
Ⲣؼġ
ؼǣôƬ̵ʱ䣬ڶõ󷽣â䣬ҫ۵ĽУ¶һӰ
ǵӰϡߴ֮У忴ҫ۵Ľ£ԵһƬģǵӰֵɲǣȴܵһɾΥģϤϢ
£
ѿ˵֣мޱȡ
ǵӰֵ÷ǳͻأ廹һ۱˳
̫ˣ
һǣǵϤӰе˷Ա
һ֪Լ鰲ɽ׵飬ǧټѰݣɢ֮УڷӳЧ
ֹĲˣʥʣ

ʱһ̾Ϣڴ͸һ˿ӵζ
ԭŭѵһ飬˾ֹɲǣͻȻ֮ʲô
⣬⣬⵽ס
ڣʱ˿ԻĪڻҹˣǰаǵɫӰһ岻ѡ
Ȼִ٣Ǵûһߡ
ܶ˶˰ɫӰʵǴڵġ
ǰһĻô򵥣Ҫǣܶ˶ӰǵɫӰϣоһ˿ϤϢ
£Ǳ£
ڴʱһϲڴ𣬼ͬһʱ䣬ؼףֻһ˫۾¶ˣ鼤ޱȡ
䣬һϮɱ壬ѵľˣǹ֮ӦʥʵҲΥѡ
޵Ĺṩһᡣ
޹ʱܵƣЩ൱һ֣
ȻǽɫĹӰֵķǳͻأһ۾ͱ˳
͢еĺܶ仯֪࣬ʥԸ䣬ǰˣӹɵġ
Ҳйɻ󣬵ǵǵɫӰֵʱʱףӰԼһֱ׷һλʥʡ
Խ塣
ǵӰôܻʥʣ
ʥʵĻôǰλ˭
УʥΪʲô̬
ǣǲ˵ѵģ
֪ʥĹὫһӰΪʥʡ
΢μʥʡ
һƬƬ𶯣ʥʳֵɲǣ˫ϥһĹڵء
¹Ҳ֣̿׷׹ȥֻһЩҹãȻվǿô¹ЩҲڵء
Σʥʾǰĸĸ٣ʥûġ

ֻգۼ䣬վŵľֻʣ´Ϸ壬¶õԼâԽԽǿҵʥʡ
ΧһƬžڵأͷ­ʹҳ

ӣ
̫гλʥʣͬϢѾ
Ƕٲ˽⣬ٳٶ۵Ҳ֪ԼǽӴ˵۹ڲĳľܡ
ǣ˵۹ϵʥʣûԸǣһСľɱͷĴıС
˶ıϻ̳Ͽ֡


ڶǧʮ ʥʣ
УǵɫӰκȴûˡ
Ҹᡭ
ڣͻȻʥʾΥϣ͸һ׵ζ
ֻϧ㲢ûϧ
ʥʵʧ
棬ǵӰγɵʥʣһѸǺ졣
쵰ӣǵ۹ף޻ҪĻ𣿡
һŭ
ѾʧȥĿȨ˶ﶯãʱ򣬷ܵ޴ʹ̼ǿҵķŭ£Ȼݿס塣
䣡
û˷ӦһǧѷĻᣬȻת͵غһ⣬ƺƵͬӿĺ㣬˲ᴩǵɫĹӰ
¡
޴ĺ⴩ǵɫӰغ̫ǽϣȻǾ޴еһһۿɼͬ˰գϴˢΧǧɡ
ˣ
̫棬ѾѶĽ־־ԼڶΧˮйͨȦȦ飬˿Ϸ졣
죬һ࿴һۣǻֲ̿
յѶϢҴǰ̫Է˾޴Ĵ򶷡
ְǱʥʣƫƫ̫λ⣬ûʥʵ˭ҲóȻ롣
ô죿
һĿ׷ͳ˧Է糾
ȻλԷ糾ϲǽ֮УԷ糾ΪΨһμδģѪսջʤйʵսĽͳ죬ڽ֮ӵżߵĵλӰ
䣡ȥûκ˶Ͻڣ
Է糾˵ţʶƳһǰʵ̫һ˿ǡ
ʹɹرգǡʥʡԷ糾Ѿյ³Ÿ룬֪빬ʥʽ¡
ڵ̫ڣǳ⣬ٸоʮϢо塣
жŵʣһǡʥʡһ壬ʱȥʥʻǰ壿
֮ǰʥǾ䡰ˣɱΪֹԷ糾еľ
壬ֻܾӻʱ䣬ľֻܿԼˡ
Է糾ǰ硣

ʱ˿̣̫ڣŲ֪ʱѹرգ̫Գһ壬
ɣɱҵģһжѾˣ
ʥʵ¡¡ף
ǵư磬ˣȴûжκ˺෴ʥʵʵ˼֡
޾Բаģ
ȻʥʵĻԽ̼ܵһܼĺУһһƿնϴʥʵ壬ǽϡ
̫ѣвõĳɰǧҲ֮һһĿĹâ
ϣվڽɫԣЪ˹״ģ΢ɲüͷ
һʶҪǰֹĿƲĽɫӰһԭüͷҲչ
ĹߣвҲ󣬵ǴӳеԻвʥʣеĹͣȴûһʵԵ˺
Ѿƿס棬ѾҪҳˡ
Ƭ̣˫ҲŴֵ׼
ⳡ־ýˡ
Ķٴδʥʵ߲ͣһ˳ᢣƿȫֵƽ˵ĿУʥҡҡͷֻһ̧סܼĿըҲ֮սᡣ
ٴʧȥĿȨٴ¶һ˿Ŀ־塣
Ǻܿ죬һķŭȡ˿־壬ٴηŭ˻
̫ңңǾԲģ
ʮˣ˷ʮʱ⣬޵ѹǰյ֮УȻвޣ
вҵģǴӣƻңֻһƲл꣬һ޳ܵ߶ѣ޲ģ

һ仰ԭƵٴɸҲ
˫Ŀͨ죬¶ĳޡ
ʧȥʱֻʮ꣬Ǹʱῡ緢۰ĸʺĸ󣬵ǵٴƿ壬ȴѾǰӹȥ
Ѿʮ꣬һʮ꣬ӽ׵ˡ
еһУɵģ̫ҵˣ
һҪɱ㣬һҪɱ㣡
ɱ㣬ҲҪٵӰһУ˭Ч㣬˭޵ĵˣ
Ů˸ɱĳҲͬɱ
ŭţԽԽҵŭ
˼ʮķŭ֧ԽԽңͣԿ̫ҡ
ʲôӹ޵̣
ѪǸ߷ϵӥӥ͸ðڤΪ飬ΪʲôҪϣЩλ飿
ٵԼһΣҪۡ
վڴϷż˻˵ĸо
ʮȥܶѾرǿ˵Щٻٵĵ伮֮󣬽ǰĻܶ൱չ¶ǰ
ͷ飡
µʱ򣬻ֻʮ꣬Ǵ㼱ʱ򣬵Ǻǳʣͳ׻һ꣬ҲӴ˳˯Ѿʮ꣬ʧȥ˼ʮɣԼҲȡ
ʣʥк޵ģҲԽͣΪʲôô顣
Ӧ׽ҳãԹ٣֣ĹʲôΣ
⣬ҲںΪֳޣĳ̶ֳѾŤˡ
ȴûκͬ飬չǽ壬ʮ֮ǰѾԲбݽ棬ǶʧȻҲ̳дͳȨ
ʥʳ֣ʱԸԼʥʵǻķ񣬿»֪жҪ
˵ʥʵĳ֣Ҳһִ֮
ΪһжżȻ𣿡
ΪƾԼʵѣ»ĿȨ𣿡

ʱ򣬰һ̾ϢʥʵȻڴ
ˣ
仰ԭŭһ꣬͵̧ͷ˶ʥʣ
ʲô˼
Уеͻҹɫ԰ףڵϻѾ漰۹ģӦ֪ġ
飬˺ܾãҲ͸ʿ۹ܾã
ʥ̾ϢһɫĹӰ˶΢һɽִ
ϳһ硣
Ը񲢲ʺһ۹䵽ֻһԸʿԡվǷ㣬Կ˺ܾãǷˣ
ʥʵ
˵˵
һжԼŬĽԼѳģԼӮģ
͵ŭ·ܵ˼ݼ˫Ŀ֮֮ǰҪѪ졣


ڶǧʮ Ļʥʻع飡
Ȼʥҡҡͷȴûк棺
кܴΣգҵʱͿǹ⡣ǼȻѾ˾ͱееĺԸԭûл̳дͳģһǸᡣ
ҵʱѾˣ̳ҵλãżг񣬵ֻҪ۹û̫Ӱ죬Ȼά۹ǿʢҶʵۣûЩ֯İҲͬʲôΣա
ֻϧƻңȴҲûлҵĵ
޽̫ƽ¥ѡҲͰˣȻΪôϲ׼Ǩ۶ټݸһٰʮһʮھʦĶǣӶѾ׼ˣ
ʥʳ
ˣ
ⷬڣ˻𣬾嶼͵̧ͷ¶һ˿𾪵ɫ
Ǩ۶
һʮڵľʦ
Ϣ嶼֪
֪ôϲҪȻҲٰ조ʢ硱ˣȴûȻôϲ׼ؽһ۶
Ǩ۶һС£
ڵĴƾսرǾȡ˴ʳ۹ۼĲƸѱ÷ǳؽһ۶Ȼʾ޴󣬵Ե۹۵Ĳǿܹе
ǣǨ۶ǳǮͿԽģҪģӴ
ˮ·ͬԽҵԸǮķʽ޽ڵ۹Ӱ֮١
ǨͬߵĹģѶȣԶˮ·
Ǩ۶ҪΧģĸıεòһѶȼ󣬹ļֻ۶ĵһ飬ʲô
ᣬҪһʮڵĶǣ
ȻΪ۹ӴĲƸֻʱҲӻһգ˵ΪѾָ˾ݸشۡ
һ³Σֻ۶˲ƣʢת˥һƬ֮С
ƾ߱ǿıͲˣĵ۹ˣһᵽǨܶ⵽ϳķԡ
Ϊ̲ǿǴ±󣬿ܸ˴ļ󸺵
ңĿǰһУǳʲôսԿǣֻǺôϲΪҫҫԼѡ
ңǴӣǨкβɣ۱ǸøɵĻ쾭壡޹Ϊӣ˵ףѵָʹһȺ𣿡
ŭ
䣡
ⷬڣеͻҹҲ𶯲ѡ
ʣⷬѾǱĳˡ
Ǩ۶
¸ı۹ĸֺδİͼ񶼾У
Ҳ˵˻ʵۣҲ˷޸Ļᡣ
ʥʳ̾ϢһҡҡͷŲһŶ涯õȥ
ˣ
һĻͻȻ֮ʲô͵۾ֳ֮ͫһĿ־塣
ҪʲôҪޣ
ͨ죬ƺʲôֲ飬ҵͼѿơ
ǲʲô޷ıһУҲ޷ӻʥʻ߹ĽŲڡ
飡
ʥһ̤ߵǰֻߵľ롣
־壡
ȵĿ־壡
ͫĴģƺҪųһ̣ƺԼˣͻȻͷ漴һɰЦ
ã̫ܺãˣһˣ˵ʲô
ǿʳռҲǻãҲҪ̫⣬ˣҲ̫ã㣡

̧ͷбԹͳޡ
ʥʿһĻֻǳ̾Ϣһһ˿
Щ飬Ҳ޷ı䡣
ףȨʼһκ͸
Ȼռ壬ȴΪһ֮˽
С
ʮǰռ壬޾һ
ʥ૵ޣ˽ߵϵ嶼û
ˣ
ʥʵĻ𣬶۾𾪵ĿǰʥʣƺͻȻ֮ʲô
ֻһΣʥû磬ĿУȻһ̤һָɴķʽ̤
䣡
ʥʹɲǣ¡ҡضһɫƵ̫г
޴ĹƺƵͨأ֮ⶼɼ
ĿģǽɫУһ޴ĽɫצǾ޴һû֮ϡ

Хһ񱩵̫Ϊģκһ㣬˷ˢȥ
⣬ƵĽ־־ɡˡˢһ󣬴ϵļƬ죬Ҳ֮Уȥ
צ
Ǳ£

⣬Ҳǳľצһѡ
μ£
һɲǣ̫⣬ɽԶһһ㣬һȦһȦĽ־־׷׷ϻ̳Ͽ֣ڵأԷ糾Ҳһڵء
û֪ʲôצʥɡ

ХȻֻһ˲ǵص쫷˲̫ѹѹһƬһƬš
̫УҲƽ˾ָͬ
ϷһֱĿ̣ǵɫӰعͬʱϢʧһϤϺ嫵Ϣڴ֮Уʱһ
΢μ£
У嵥ϥ¡
μ£
ͬһʱ䣬УеĻҹĻ֣̿Ҳ׷׸
ΪֹǶ׸ոյ׷ʲô
ˣ
˵ʥʵĿգһ£
ƽɣ
һ̣ʥڻعˣ

Ƭ̫֮߳߳˹š
֮ǰ飬Ϊֹ嶼һֻججеĸо
ʥڽʥѾõ֤Ҳˡ
еĻҹºҲȫĨ̫еһμ䣬壬ʥʻǶμ䡣
£ǡ
ڤڤУڴеǷԻԥ˺ܾãʳɻ
Ȼǲȱĵ伮ѾһߣĻҲй¶࣬嵽ڶһŵĸо
һôܻСˣ
ңƽ磬ǰλǺԼͬһ
ͬһĻпܻͬһʱ
ʵ̫ɻˡ
ȻɻʥҲֻǵȻһЦûֱӻش
벻ǣҪ𣿡
Ҫģѵ˭ʲô𣿡
˵仰ʥʺܿ´ˡôһֱجج˳ȺеԷ糾ججĺ˸кȻһֱߵ
Ȼ΢ֻһ˲ع
ôѾ׽ˣ
ЦЦܿ촩ţ˳ȥ


ڶǧʮ ݸֵı仯
ȻûеõԼҪĴ𰸣ʥʻع飬۹һƴǨԼѣټĵ۹»ָҪġ
ߣظ
򿪳ţܿһ
ϲش֧¼ʥʡɹɹΣʥʶ˺ѣʮ㣡
ͬһʱ䣬֮ʯͻȻԺ
һ㵣漴ҡͷʧЦûᣬꤵУ϶ȥ

ʱ仺ȥƶݡ
ô£
֮У̴һϣ۴䣬ͻȻָ֮һʳָͺһɫһ
΢λ׻Ǩô£
۾ɫˡ
ߴˣʲôˣ
һӲԶ಻ԶĵطɽǬӣãǬ棬ԼԿۼһɳǰݾݾƣԼδսеľɫһ䣬תͷ˹
оڲ㣬Լδ֣˷ǳҪ
ѾγϰߣڴУɽصΪŰ齣ǬӣõǵɳݣԼδо
˫֮䲢в㣣Ҹǻƣ˻ǵһοݵʱ򣬳ֱ仯
Уݸֳʲô仯
һۻͻȻڴ𣬰ɽ뿪ɳ̣ɫص˹
Ǳײ£һ£ԷͬСɡ
ˣ֮ǰ΢ʽ΢壬˥֮࣬ҲǷ֮࣬Ǿڸոգ΢㣬ҫǣȥƾȻֳ֮ƣ΢Եİ׻ǣҲͬź⣬ֳǨ֮ƣ΢һأ󸻴Ƹߪ֮ƣ
о
ʲô
ڣеĻ˶ˡ
ôܣ
ǬӣҲˡ
ȻԼ˻عݲŶ̶ʱ䣬ʦԼ۹ô̶ܶʱڳֳôı仯
ǰһ̻˥ʽ΢һ̾ͱ֮ף
쵰
ʱ򣬰ɽɫҧͻȻ

ڣһ漴ʲô
ݣ޵ģֻһˡ
壡
ԺиֳͬһӰȻࡣ
΢ߣҲǵ۹ӣһ¾ͨ˶֪
׻ǣɽָ֪Ǹ쵰
΢λ׻Ǩˣ
ô̵ʱ䣬ôĸı䣬˵ûйϵɽš
;ʦ˵ͻǼΪ
ʱһ𣬰Ƴһ۰ϵĸУջĿ⣬ǵǣ
ңǲлɳˣ΢λǰôӹˣôݾһвرǸһֱΪжд̣γִɱھȨ죬ָǰ״̬߾ȫԼݲ
ˣ˭û뵽ģһǰڵƾ͵Ȼ޴ˡ
رʥλǰôӢ䣬˾ԶзĻᡣ
ɽ󣬸ȥԿʥʡ
ǺãǵıûѵϣҲռĲƾһģǾ͸ûлˣ
һԵԿҲ硣
ߣʲô΢λ׻Ǩֻǿ֮ĩعⷵհˣֺΪ壡
ʱһߴͷһϤ𵴲ݣڴл졣
ˣ
ֻâһ˵ĿУһӰһ㣬ͻȻм䡣
һֶۣһűİɫĿޱȡ
̫ʼˣ
Ӱ˶һ׷׹ͷ
ڣ˲䰲
ݣ֪̫ʼѾԽԽ࣬˶֪ǰλʵ̡
λû̫ʼˣ˶ηޱȡ
̫ʼˣոյĻʲô˼
ɽǰһڵ
̫ʼĳȻͻأɽĵĻʥʵ顣
ˣǵ΢ͲҪͼǰˡ
̫ʼ˫֣Ƴһ۲ԶĸУŻعͷԵİɽ
Ǵּ⣬ƻһССı仯̫ȷʵ»ĿȨҲֲ̫ˣҲֻǻعⷵնѣҪ˶ãͻ᳹׵Ļɢɢ֮䡣
ʲô
ģ
̫ʼĻһ𣬴ϲ
ߣһȺ֪ϣڻּ𣿡
̫ʼһɰԵľѸɨˡ
ң
һݣ׷׵ͷ
ɽҲɵ¶һ˿ɵɫ
ʦһк˶ףЩûʵǿޱȣرλ̫ʼѾﵽ˹Īĵز˲ڳûĶ֡
̫ʼı󣬻һλµġ족ɽҲֻǽ֪ڵʱѾԶԶԽ󣬳Ԫ֮á
һ̫ʼѾǿ󣬵λߵ쵽ǿ˺ֵزɽ
ɽȻ˵ˣδӣǾͱضˣԶҪȥɣ
̫ʼгһɺ˪ζ
ǣɽһ̫ʼ˾мӣҲӲּ⡣
ɽǰһ
̫ʼԣ΢΢滺
ǲعڵģеһжļ֮У̫ȻѾ壬ҲѾ;ƿݣֲ˶ã֮ǰĲ֣㾴׵ǿšڻ顯ûκô
ȵһδͳݵʱ򣡡
ǣ
̫ʼĻ˳һֻҪʥʲڣ˵õϢ
ǼռƻУʱˣԻ֪ͨǣ
̫ʼ
ǣ
˷׷׵ͷȻ̧ͷһ䣬ԭһ۵̫ʼ֪ʱѾʧˣµ
ЩĿ𣿡
ȵ̫ʼ뿪ѹǰһС
̫ʼԼĺˣԼİЩǿҷӣöĵǡ
ʵϣڲӵͬ뷨Զֹһ
оĵģõһ仰˷׷Ťͷ˰ɽ
ЩǾͲضˣ
ɽڵһ˿׾ĺɫܿͱڲ
ûŵıˣЩҪĶֻĿ겢ǣ׶ΣŹͬĵˣǣҸһˡ
ɽ˵ţʶұԭҶͺͺģ¶һªİ̺ۡ
˺ۣɽоѵĳ鴤
ɱЩҲţɽκˣκ֮£κ˵Ŀܣ


ڶǧʮһ 仯Ĳ
ڣȴ֪ЩɽľٶҲ׷ʶƳͷȥ
ʢ磬ʦ֮УȻɹĻصݣׯȴԶɽҲȥһֻҶ˿ޱȣҲǰɽԶʹ
ȵݸһҪһʬΣйͷ֮ޣ
ɽ޺޵Ŀĳޡ

ʱ仺ȥһ̫о巢ʲôû֪
ֻ֪һָֻ֮ǸӢ䣬Ϥʥٴγ˳֮ϣ̶ֻʱ䣬֮ǰĻȫ
̫ƽ¥ƵˣصѡҲˣƻΪơҩڤӣƲҪʱҲõĽͻҹץ񣬹Ρ
ʥʰ䲼گν̫ӣҫ̫ӵƷԺܵصʷԼ͢سҲյһٻأٸԭְ
ڳ͢ϵس˵ܵϢ
׹ȥʥʵֱֶһΣôǡǡ뿴ġ
Ұ⣬һƬܣҲһɨ֮ǰƣָ֮ǰ
Ȼܳ͢һƬܣȴʼĲ
ô
Уһǰȸüͷ壬͸¶һ˿ǡ
ү߹ѾϢ͵͵һ糣ֻÿ칬ŮȥĲȳԵԽԽ٣ǰԶԶ硣
·Ǳô˵
ٴε
һ糣
ȸ˶٣ԥһ£
ǲǰ·յۣһϵڣеģƺѪΪɫܵ־ˮһʱ֮Ҳ޷жϣ
ȸ
ˣ
Ѫ֣üһ˲ɫ
ռʵڹе飬ӵĴɣŪþͻһͼıѾˡ
ô
д˷ʥ۹ľ֧һУƴ
ȸʥҵѪǾܵġ
ͬҲȸҵľʲôͨգΪﵽʥּǲʲôµġ
ѵҵݣû𣿡
ͷ૵
֮ǰҵĹŽ壬Ȼᵽܶ侳ʧܵЧȴûᵽôɵ̷Լľ巽
̫Уɳɢ֮УҲֻһʱȨ֮ƣʱûзã嶼֪
ȸӺռϢôҲõϢ
ң嵣ĵĻֻ
ʥʳ侳ʧܣ˻һղһգ֮ǰѾˣҰļ䣬ϱӣʥҲʱˡ
ϴδӾʦ֮оһŨҵĲ
һֱûȸǰ
ͬҲ֪֮ǰŬǷ񷢻ЧжЧ
һжδ֪֮
ģȫעԼලķչ

Ҳ˼ʱһĴͻȻС
ʶ̧ͷֻһֻԵëֳɫ̬Ÿ˽ҽһֻɼ
үţ
ȸһУסŸ룬ż㣬ٵݸ塣
ȸеϢŸϤˡ
֪ˣȥɡ
ӹż㣬˵ͷ
в֮Ȩ˳˳á
ĺƽޱս֮ǣѾòȥˣԼ񣬳ǲϳҪóö࣬ڣûûʲô
ȻҲͲô볯ˡ
ˣ󳼣ڣкܶȻ
ȸܿ뿪ˣһƬ
ż㣬ܿĶ
ţһЩ飬ʥʹλϳǵϲãѡ㳷طϵɡͬʱһЩϣָһЩĵϢ
³һԸָ飬Ҳд
忴ҲһЦ
ָ˳Ǹ̫صҲ̫ȨļأȴǲǴǡ
ɽǺˣػģݺث˵͸߾ȹᣬָΪ˶ԸԼԼһϵ밲ɽᣬǰڵŬһ
Ȼûȷ֤ݣǳ⣬λ˼ʮġࡱҲǰڹˡ
³ˣѾλࡱĿ
ſû̫ݣǰŲ࣬ŵĩβᵽһȴͫһ΢΢ɫ
ᵽһлָ֮ʥϳָֻ͢ǰӡ
³Ҳע⵽һ£ʥȻÿ춼ϳЩƣģеһ룬ʥϾֳһ˿ƣ
ֹˣ֪ΪʲôԴʥϳ֮͸оʥʺ˲١
ָоģֻ೯еϳ
һγᣬ³ԼоʥͷϺ˼׷ʥʱûʲôʣÿճҲУҲ˵
³ǱѾ齨һµĸоڸ󣬴Լʥʵѹʥʵ
Ѿ˲ٴ󳼣ڻҪǩ
ģ齨ڸ£ҲҪǩ͸¶ʥʵϢ
ʥʹ嵽ڣҲֻʮʱ䣬ʱҲϹʥʣǸʱһ糣̶ֻʱ䣬˵ʥƣ̬֮ôܣ
һ˲䣬жʱóޱȡ
٣ϵѪϵƣͲ̬֮
һɲǣԺӹͷ
ѵ
ʯ䣬ԺиһͷȻһȴȥ
ϣһв¡

ͬʱʹ
΢ĵŶ
ʥʸϷǰĿӹؿռ䣬̫ĴţǰӴľʦԼԶ޾ɽӡ
ӿӹһĶϣӢϣʱȴϸܵƣԳһ˿ϡ
³ڴˣض൱ԾΪʱʥʣڳϼӣֱ仯࣬ӵĲˡ
ͨˣһŻԳһ˿̬ʥϣֱ仯ȴƺǰġ
ˣ˫һʱǿߡηȴһһԹ֮ļᶨݡִţƥġ
һʱҲ޷
£Ϣˡ
һͻȻӺ󷽴ʿһԣŽɫͻȻڵ͸һ˿ǡ


ڶǧʮ ֮ĺ
Ǻǣڵ𣿡
ʥЦҡҡͷĿȴǰʦ
ǣ
ʿ˵ţһ˿Ȼɫ
û˱ʥʴ˿̵ʱѾˡ
£Ǽ鲻ͣڵǻĸ
ʿڵƺָ
Ԫһ֪ʲô糣ˣ˭ҲӲ㶼ôˣ⻹͸𣿡
ʥʵһνг˸ʿġ֡
˽֪ĸʿոߣһ֣־ǡԪһ
ʿϤ֣һ£Խİˣɴʥʵ
ңǸΨһ۹ˣͬʱҲ֮Ψһܹˣ
ʥʲû˵˭ʿȴѾˡ
ūˣֻҪǱҪģūһ߾ȫɣ
ʿͻȻ
һƬžͻȻ֮Ϣʿɫһ̧ͷǰȴʥʵǣ֪ʱӿһѪ
ʿһæǰͳһŰɫĵҩʥ£ʱ䣬ֻʥʵϢƽ˵ɫȴЩ̬
£ȥԼᣡ
ʥʻӻ֣ڵ
ʿǣȴûΥһ˳˴

ʱ仺ȥգ֮䣬죬Ԥϣ齨ڸܿͱͨˡ
һƬƽ˾еĵȴԽԽŨҡ
峿ڸ֮ۡУ鿴ǰѻɽıǵõ֮󣬸صҴԼеɾ뢣ĸĵر
ֻ˵ԼˣҪֶıûᵽʥʣ¼޴ı䶯ֱﲻϵѰһӶԼı˿ȴȫѻǰ
ʲôڣǧ١ȫǰ
ǿЩȴֻһ̾þ̽ЩĵرȻ棬Ƕʥֽӽ侳ǿߣÿ΢΢
ѵûκΰ취𣿡
һ̾ü֪Ϊʲôʱһַǳõĸо
ͷ忴еǿ˫壬Ǻ֮ʥ͸ģĿǰΪֹ̺ܵ˫壬ĵرӿɿ

˵ʱʱ죬ٴνۼ˫ϵʱͻȻ֮䣬ĴűһɾײһµĽӳҴҵĴ˽
ү߹ˣ
ʲô
üͷһ壬Ϊ⡣
͸߹Ѿ൱ˣȻ߹ٵĸۡͨһϢҲ˽ɣ
Ȼ廹˼һ̣ӿһɿӵӿ˽δЪһϤӰƽ£˽
߹
żǵӰ͵۾
ⲻһμ߹
ӡУλƵһͻ£ʥʵĸԶôġԲ󡱣ͺһЦڳշ㣬źӾΪ֪
Ȼһ̳ڴŴĸ߹ȴӡеȫͬ
ֱһȦޱȣԭӣҲϸƴ࣬ûǰġԲ󡱣һͨߡ
УҲһĲϺͱˡ
һǣޱȡ
ûô̵ʱ䣬߹仯Ȼô󣬱˲ϡ
䣡
Ŵûȵ߹ڣһ̣һϤӴͻȻԺ
¼֮ĺ
٣оʱ߳Ϊҡһ䣡

¡¡
ǰ˻
һУ׵ӰǰӶƹ쳹صĺɱ޾˻ţӴؼˢ˻ŽʹһƬ
Ĵ֮УһɽͰӴӰ־ٳ¡¡ָŴˮǰɱ
Ĵ£ʿˢķеĶ֣һӶϵĵ£Ӯյʤ
ȻǿĴڣҲеµʱ
ڴսʤ֮ӴĵӰհâɣָ˵Ĵڣ¡¡ǰصĵȥ
ؼһƬ
֮ĺ޿ɸģлüһ棬У
ͬʱ֮ʯ
䣡
һ£һ˲ò԰ޱȣеѪɫѸʵĸɸɾ
ô
д˷һǣ·еӽߣ˼վȡ
塭
ʱ򣬴Ŵʿ޷˿裬촽˻ƣ͸һɱݣ
빬ʥ
Ƕ̶̵һ仰ƺľе

崩ţһ·ؽŻʹȥ忿űڣԺлججһƬհס
һһġݡҲ˹Ŵһƺ˵ʲôܿƿ˹ţ롭һ·ôججͣ
үˣ
⣬һ͵͵
򿪳ţȥһ̧ͷ㿴ǰƵ̫
ܲޱȡ
£̫ΡȻʣͬһͷչ˫ᣬգһӴѹȸкͻֺС
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôٴο̫ͻȻޱȳغͱ˵ĸо
壬ȥɣѾȺܾˣ
߹˹һ˵
ʰϣߵ˰ܯˣƿ̫صĴš
֨ѽ
ͬصƳżܿ˽ȥ
̫Щ䣬ΧһƬţûκϢ̧ͷڴϷŸߴľϣһۿǵϤӰ
ʥһۣӣһֱֻ֧ͷ­ƺ˳˼
ˡ
һ𣬴ϣʥʷ·ո㣬ڵ
ֱͬһʱ䣬һɰͬһˣϯ
̫ڣǹ䡢ŵζ˲Ϣȫɢһգٴθһյĸо
žϣʥԭ԰׵նȻӿһѪɫɫ϶ݣٴλָӡеǸӢ䣬˾ʥ
֮ʯ⣬һǣżϤӰȴرˡ
ֻһ˲еİ˺ͱȫڸȥ
ʱһһεֻأգٴߵʥʱ̡
ʱޣ֪ʥʱټԼҪ飬ϣԼһ˵ӡ
΢μ£꣡
һɫ򶨣Ŀ㣬ܿ쵥ϥ£ڴ֮йһ
ɣض񣡡
ϣ壬ʥʵ¶һ˿Цݡ
֪Ϊʲô˿ЦݣͻȻЩɬ


ڶǧʮ Сݽ磡
ǰлҪ˵
ʥʿڵ΢΢Щ
΢ּ
вһ£ǰȥ

ʥͻȻһ壬Ц
ѡĴ󽫾Ƶս񣡡
Ȼ忴ǰʥʣȴ˿Ц߽˿ֻʥʵͷ϶ЩףɫҲ࣬Ȼϣȴ¶һ˿
һҲû뵽ʥѾֵز
¡
忪ڵҪ˵ЩʲôȻһڣͿʥһ̧ˡ
޵ʱѾˣ
ʥһַֻΣλĸسǰأ߳ƣ½Ϊ֮ϣ¶һ˿ƣ
壬Ӧ֪Ϊʲôʱ빬
£㲻µģ
һǧȴֻһ䡣
㲻Ȱˣ޵Լ֪
ʥЦŰ˰֣
壬޿еˣһУ޶
ûʧ
£ѵûκεİ취𣿡
бˣڵ
ǲţߵһ֮ʯѣҲʼţܻķ
ûõģ
ʥҡҡͷƳһ壬һƬο
ҵ꣬վӾŹ쵽λϡ
룬ò˼顣
ʮǰҳ侳ʧܵʱ򣬾Ѿ׻һ졣
ô꣬޼Ծ¼еķûκһֱֹֿ仯֮;ѣˣ侳ǹעһǣɹʵ·
ޣʧ˶ѣ
ʥʵûж٣ŰߵѺ͵Ȼ
һ;ӹװգߣûκһ˿Ǹ磬ܹǸ磬붼飬Ѿ㹻ˡ
忴ĿȺµʥʣ˵ĸо
κʱǰλһֽƴ۷ˣԶ𾴵ˡ
ڵңѣǰҲԶǰ㳬ȻƺûʲôܹҲûʲôܹü
һλ޷ǧ
壬ǵú֮У޶˵Ƿ𣿡
ʥͻȻڵ
΢Զǣ
һ
ܺã仰޾ͷˡ
ʥ΢΢˵ͷ
ô꣬һֱһ뿪֮󣬿ԴػƵˣ壬ûʧ
ʥʵٴڴο
ڣڿ԰ˣ
·ģۺʱ㸶΢ػƬɽӣ

ʥ΢Ц¶һ˿Ԥϵɫ
֪ûˡ
ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ʥ΢һ˿Ѫ˿Ǻܿͱȥʥʵɫ˿԰ףԽĺˡ
£
һʲô
΢ˣ
һʶľҪǰܿͱʥʴˡ
޵ʱ䲻࣬ĻҪϸá
ʥʰ˰֣ɫҲ֣ࣺ
ƽһƬݣȻʮʱ׸޵һȴΣء
ǵù֮͢ЩЭĺס֮ڶͻʣҲ˹ء߾ЩңԶĴʳˣЩûǧĺˣ
ǻ࣬ϸ΢򶴲΢ϸ緢书ȴԶԶ㣡
ڣĺƽЩ壬ҹڷߺ¼˿ƺ⣬ʱ»ȨЩҲһ㣡ʵԱ㣡
ʥʵ
гأͷ
ʥ˵ʵ֯ͨ죬ֲֶ¹ɣ츮̫ʼЩһһǿ
еľǿߣоһ㣬Сѡ
رǰɽ̫ʼǴﵽһĿֲز
ǵʥʵϢԼУ
ʥ˵ʥʦڣûʥʣƿ˿Կ̫ʼ֮
Ķˣ֮Ψһģ
ʥʵ¡¡ףڴл졣
˵仰ĿУʥʻվ
ָһ㡪
䣡
˻ʮɵľ룬ʥһָɲǣз·һ£ڴ֮ը
ֻӿһ̣ľУ˻һ˲ʥʵľһ𣬽뵽һ硣
廹վԭأһΧǻֺ޴̫ȴͻȻ֮·ƾʧȥʥվʹߴʦ
¥۴αȣһȦһȦ·ЩΧһ۾Ϳ˾ʦΧķĶ¾޴Ľɫǽ
ǡ
΢΢һ
⻹һӽǿʦ
һǰʥʣͻȻ֮׹ʥԼϵĸ֪ʦͶԺ֮С
ѯʥҪԼʲôһ̣ͻ
ˣ
ĸ֪УԭƴֺľʦͻȻ֮Ȼһ䣬ŵľʦصףͻȻ֮ݺύֳһһµ󷨡
Щµ󷨺ͳǳصĽṹźϣʦһֱĽ¥֮жЩ󷨻ںһһ޴һ㣬صףһӴľʹ
ϸȥ֮Уֳ·ģеȻȫ£ʹص׵ľʮΪһ塣
󷨲ûеݷ״̬ˣȻܹоõ̺֮ӿȣ󺣰Ŀֲ
õ˻ʹص׵ľʷǧۻټ󷨱ǹѾȫȫ˼еĵ֮ϣ
壬ֲĴǰһʵҲʱԵ΢Сޱȡ
Ȼһ̣忴ص׺֮һɹɾĽɫŽɫϤϢһͻȻ֮׹
£㣡
忴ǰʥʣɫ𶯣͵۾
ʦصӴ󷨣Ϊʲô̶ʱڣʥʻԵƣˡ
ȻһӴע˾ʦصףֲģǰδеģػʦӴ󷨡
㿴ҽһĸĶСݽ磬󷨷Χڣһ֯˶ܵų⣬󷨵Ĺ
ҪǣѾϢΪһ壬ֻҪ첻֣Χڣ̫ʼҲĶ֣
ʥʵͻȻ·һ㣬ͨ͸ָһһöɫ·ëһϸֽƮţ塣
ˣ
ֻһɲǣоԼһ˿΢ϵƺֻҪԼԸ⣬ͿԿһ㡣


ڶǧʮ ʥʵĹ£
ֻ󷨵̫ӴǸոսӴûܹȫã
ȻСݽ磬ҲǵãڵʵǵĶ֣һ뿪ʦûκ˿Ա㣬򲻿ɴ⣡
ʥʵ
ƽû˿ƺѿ͸һС
ʥʷ˿ֶļƻףһƬʹ
·ģԼػƣ
ҧҧ
ȻҪʥջԼô֪ˣʥѾźһУѾֹ˵ˡ
Ψһģ̫͵֮УʥŵδԼʥʣػƬء
ţ
ʥʵ˵ͷ̶ʱڣɫԵԽƣ
̫ʼ֮Ϊ壬Ҫģһбġ졯սթͼı󣬵ҳ侳ʧܣǴһֲݵĽ
˴͵һ⻹һʥ侳¡
֮У֪ʥʳ侳ʧܵ˲٣Ǵû֪ΪʧܣܶΪʥʹһˡ
ȴû֪ǳʧܣȻĪġ족ֱӹϵ
ô꣬һֱҪҵĳѨҵһ𣬵ȴΪ²ʼδܳɹȥ֮󣬴˱ͼıСģ
ʥʵӶд
졯ǧû֪ڣ޻ô꣬ҪҵҲûܳɹ
˲޺ʹв
ҰҲڣδضС֮ǰһֱҪȻֻһ߷ȴҲɹõϵһƾţƾúñܣδһ֮Ӿ޴ã
ʥʳһ䣬ͿһɵĹ⻪ͨ͸ޱȣ·ڤһ㣬ʥʵĻƮɢ
δءĹâһعâ·̺޾Ķи֪һЩ籾ԴϢ
΢شĹâǰԵðޱȡ
ǡ졯Ϣ𣿡

֮ң֣ȴһθоϢ
֮Ĳ̺ʵ̫ˣ
ҰĲһֱƿףĸ棬𣬽С
ʥʵ͸¶ĵϢȴнɲ
ʥ˵ĲϸǱɽһǣҲ˸еˡ
ˣ
ʥֻһǴشĹâֶ֮С
оعâȻǣȴ˿оĴڣͷ·ʥ͹ģһ͸Ŀ
âһһʥʵݹǵĹâͷ·һ㣬ûڣʱ˿̵ȻҲ֪ʥʽӡ˺δ֪Ĵڡ
ţ콫Ժĵˡ졯Ȼǿ󣬵ʱ֮ǰܹˣΪĳԭ޷ݣʱҲ޷в㡣
ӽ󣬺ܳһʱ䣬ֻҪСķɣ
ʥ˵Щԭάϵ֮˲ϿһɲǼ䣬ʶ壬ٴλص˴֮УֳԽʦĸо˲ɢȥ
̧ۣͷȥֻϷԭվŵʥʣϢ࣬ٴ˽ɫıϡ
˫΢գϣһƺĻָ
忴ǵΰӰһ˿ǵɫܸоõʥʵϢԽˡ
ոյǷٶƺľе
忴һĻ͸һ˿İˣܸоõʥʵ֮Ϩ𣬵ȴʲôҲˡ
ոһɲʵѾô˾ľ޵Ҫ͵͵ʥʣȴһǿų⡣
ľȻѷףȴҲ޷ıʥʵ䡣
ʶ֮УѾ̫ϢҴʱ㣬Ѿмʱ䡣
֮ϣ΢ǿߣҲʥȴƾϵΰһֱӲӵڡ
Ȼ͸ȴû͸
ѾԽΧ
£Ҫ΢Щʲô
ûѧһĶŮ̬֮ǰȥϥ£
֪ʥʽԼٹиƣض飬޷͸Ҳ޷ıʥʵˣֻ취ȥδԸ
Ϸ߸ߵΣ·㣬ϵӰ͸һ˿΢Ц
ǿûˮ
Ϊûʱȥᣡ
վǰ꣬Ȼֻжʮ꣬ȴѾʵɱ䣬һֵκиˣ
Ҳǡǡڴģ
ڣԼҲһӣҲİһ
̫ӽߺһᾡľΪһΨһ£޷Ĳ¡
ʥ˵ţһ̾Ŀ͸һɸӵɫ
壬ԴӦһ𣿡
˵
ͷԥ
չ̫
ʥʵ
ˣ
ⷬʶľҪܾȻһ̧ͷƱϵʥʣʱһ仰˵ˡ
ӡеʥһֱӢ䣬ңƺԶûʲôܹҡȻһ̵ʥʣȴδġ
ᡢΣź
Ȼֻһ˲һ̣кˡ
΢ּ
һͷ
壬Ȥ˵һ𣿡
Ļʥ¶һ˿΢ЦͻȻڵ
ţ
ûжʣֻӦһ¶ɫ
ʥʵʱ䲻ˣԸоóϢڲϵȴûʣΪʲôҪʱԼ¡
֪ʥôضôɡ
ߣٶʥԼ˵źҪ塣
УӵĿռ䣬ÿһռ䶼ŲͬĹ£һУǸ˵ǺܾúܾԺ׵ġ
ʥʵڴл죬һƳӽ̾ƺ͸޾ʱͿռ䣬Լʱ֮ıϣƮ޾
ˣ
ⷬһһʥ˵ԼĹ¡
Ǹ˲֪ôģֻ֪ûдƣҲûд󺺣ֻ޾ĺˣÿĶһȺףڰʱȴʲôҲˡΪһУǰǸƵ۹ʱѾע
ʥڱУһ̾Ϣ
ǸݵĵطǰѾ˥ˣࡢǰܡûйκεˣҲûйκλԻͣͼһٱ䣬ϵСʱֻʣ°ǳصһ֮أҲղڣ
гҪıһУȴ죬ֻĿĴ󺺣ͬӰһ㣬ʧǸʱʷУ
һֲڰʱ



ڶǧʮ ̫࣡
ǸʱΨһļУһ̻ŮӣڰҲǱϣҪȥ
ϰ㣬΢Ļţĭ
ʥ˵ţĳĬƺٴλ˼ǸԶ챻ʱ

ϸţȴޱȣеκһʷʥ˵ȫԲϺš
ʼգΪԼᱰ΢ȥȴû뵽ǸڰʱʱȴĿı٣
ʥһϤٴ
벻ǣһλԵɺϣȻ˵뵽һ磬Ǹ˵УһԴƵ۹ʱ
Ľ뵽һ˵ҷӵ˸ı
һ̣ԼΣһҪı磡ִƺĻԻͣ
˵һ䣬ʥʵбǰδеѩâ
ʱս˥ĵ۹̤ǿ֮·ΪļֻССһ磬߾ȫ˹أǱ˵ԭɨͻʺ״ǵǿʢ֮·ǴӴԺԭǰη塭
ʥʵ̫ڻ졣
̫һļž
û˵ֻšʥû˵֪Ǿ
ʥһĿҲֻǳһ̶̵ļӰֻʥʵѾƽ
ʥ¼ܶѾʼˮ棬ʥʺܿܺԼһԴһ磬ʷеĴԽߡ
ʥʵеޱȵ֣ء
һû˺۷Ĵƣһ걻ռһֻе֮أʣ޼ݡ
ϸ䣬ʥÿһʷ֪ʷȻͬûκһʷܹ֮ԵϺţǷ·һʷȻͬ硣
ûʥ˵־ȴȫܹܵõʥʿеǸĸܡ
Ϊĳ̶ֳϣʥĹ£ϱǳĩƽ١
ľӡ
ң廹һֹŹֵĸоʥʽ֮ƾһ֮սı򣬱һݵĺڰʱڤڤУԿǶոʷ磬Լԭ磬ƽʱ֪ʷһģһ
ոµʷ֪Ĺʷ
ʥ˵ʷΪ֪
ʥʲ֪룬û˵Ҳƺ뵽˻֮С
ãƺӾԶĻлعһ̾ʥʵٴڴ
ʹΪӵ£޷顣ǳ䣬ҪŮһ뵽磬պգ˾ľ֪٣Ҳ֪Ͷ˺δ
棬Ѿ޷жʲôӣΪƾϵϵһܹҵĵ
ֻ֪컯Ūˣ˺һ޴Ц
ĬĬţѾʥʵһǸˣ岻֪ʥ˵ĵ˭ܸоõʥ˵ǸŮӵʱͣ¶һб顣
ǸŮӦþʥϲˣֻǲ֪̫֮䵽ʲôϵ
а
岻֪ʥΪʲôҪԼ˵֪ⷬǱضʥںԼҪ˵飬ǧ˿ƵĹϵ
ΪͬǴԽߵݣҲΨһʥһǵˡ

ʥ΢΢۾Ӣϣ¶һ˿ʹɫ
ԭΪӵһУıʷˣ֪һеı󣬻һصһֱڰУԼķʽ磡
˴ɫҲʱʥȻû˵Ѿ֪еǹ˭ˡ
Щ˻ܲͱĲãֶΣİ취Ը
֪Щ˱ɣȴûЩ˾ȻĻҪ
ǾȻҵǸҪŮӣˣвԼ
ʮǰˣʱ֪Ѿɼҵһӡ
֮ʣԼĺи
ʥ˵˴ر۾¶İˡ
£ʥⷬȴ˲ɲ
Ǹӡ̫
૵ͻȻʲô
ûʥ˵࣬Ȼ
̫ȻʥҪŮ˵ĺӣ
ֹˣһ˲䣬Ժл࡭
̫ʵһֱװ׵ġ
壬游峯飬˾ĸסʣʥǸˣ
˴మˣһ˴ƵĻʵۣһ룬ˡ
岻֪м䷢ʲôΪʲô˴మûߵһ𣬶ʥʵݣȨƣλûܺ˱˴أǺʣʥʺضЩѲ˹ϵ
Ŀٴӹʥַʹ࣬ͻȻ֮ˣʥΪʲôһֱҪԸˣҲλĿܣӢ䣬ԶǼǧһϣҲͬͨһ档
һͨˣ
Щ̫֪𣿡
Լ˵֣·ʲô̽
ǰһӢʥʣȺԣ°ٹ٣ҲҪ̫ӭ빬У⵽˰⣬ʥоྶͥʥչֳרϣǿᣬ˶е󲻽⣬壬Ȼʱɻʱȴȫӭж⡣
ͻȻףΪʲô㱻ٹʥҲҪһˡ
ԭˡ

һеı󣬾Ȼܣʼϲ
ֹˣ
̫ʼǼ޸ģд˵̫ȴûǰ޸ʥʵʱ̫Ǵ֮ڸҳţͬʱҲʥһ۵㡣
Ϊӵ裣Ȼʼն쳣Ĺ˳ûбֳκεĲ
Ǳϵ˳ӣ˳ӣ
嵱껹ȥݷùԶڴӡǳ̡
ԭʼգʥʰһУһʼףеһжֻ˶ĿĿľΪ˱̫
а
ԺԽԽܶܶ˲ĵطҲһԳݡ
ֹˣ̫д꣬ȴǰͻȻʥӭ˹УʱҲʥʲʲôоΣգԲŲòȡ֮ߡ
İ磬ʥںѾ̫࣬¾֮һ
ֹˣԼҲ˵̫޸ʥ֮ʥȻҲΪ谮ȴӲ
ʱʥʶ̫¸Ů֮飬ǽֹڸŮ֮顣


ڶǧʮ ʥʵĴУյƪ£

гһ̾ͻȻ˵ĸо
У޹Ŀ¾̫ˣ
屾̫Ƿһֱڹһ룬ǱȻġ
Щû˵ģ磬Խߵ£Ϊ̫˼飬Լ˵Ҳš
ʥʻΪԼڱǴԼ˵Ŀʥʲ֪̫Ѱ
ĵط
ֻ御֪һУȴ޷С
壬ӦޣԶػ𣿡
ϣʥͻȻ
·ģһ߾ȫػ̫İȫ
幪
ˣ޾ûźˣ
ʥ΢΢һЦ·жеص
޻м͸㣡
ʥʵͻȻθ࣬û巴Ӧ¡һ𣬴ϷʥͻȻһ̫ҪҵĽ⣬ǽأʥʵζû
ʥʵϢҲͻȻθһϺƴٴ
޵ĹѾǰȻһ֮
ʥʵһ䣬һӴѹһǿ壬ʱá
޽壬պΣյʱµ㣡
ֻʹһΣммǣ򲻵ѣԲҪʹã
ʥʵ¡¡ףĸ֪Уʥʵӿ糱ˮһ㣬ɢʥԭ˥֮һҲٱ΢·ʱϨһ㡣
£ɣ
һıɫҪʥʵȴȫá
ˣ
ֻһɲǣֻϷǹɿֲһҫգѸٴʥʵķӿ壬ѸͷٻѨû֮С
ں󣬲ѸС
ͨ츮ʮ¥Уϵ嵤£һʯž
ǰ磬̺صҲŷֻеһϢΪһ壬ƺֻҪԸ⣬ܽ
ľ粻Ҹһ侳Ϣֻãգ亦ش
ʥʵӴϴޱȡ
£ף
۾һ죬ͷ
֪һѾ޷أʥʵǹӴϢѾŨҵ˼㣬Ѿȫ
֮Ѿ߿Ϊˣ
ģѾˣµģиˣ
ϣʥ¶һ˿΢Ц
Եػݣ
ۿʪ󣬱ģٴεͷ
֪Լڼ֤һǧŵһ̣ҲǰС
Ǻǣ⣡
ϣƺ֪ʲôʥ΢΢һЦҡҡͷ
⣬һ΢紵ӿʥ޷˿һƬɢҡ
λǧһ̧ͷ⣬Ŀ͸ؿռ䣬ʦԼټĴɽӣһ̣Ͽ˿η壬ֻһ򶨴ݡ
޴ѵѾûκźˣ
Ȼʮ꣬޵һ磬ϵλ֮Ϊ
һ£ʮ˹أưͼչǧ˴˹رԵĻء
£ʮͻʵ۹ռݽ̨ݡưͼչǧ豱ͥ
£޻ʦټá߳Ƹ߾ưͼԶչǧݿ
ʮ£گگսƣϽ˰϶
ʮһ꣬޻򶼻֮е⣬ƹʮе⣬ͬʱӦͥ¤פصĺڣӹ̴ƾ
ʮ꣬Ѿûе֣˻зСһ𵽴ڻ¥У޵һټٰʢ磡

ϣʥ彲ԼչҲһԻ͵ʷйâ䣬ѩޱȣƺֻص˵Ǹս׷ɵ
һ̵ʥʣɫտտ±ŷɫ⣬ϡʥ˲ַ
ĬĬţǰλʢĿߣֻľͳ羴
֮꣡
ƴӮһһսһһˣ֪ϵλ۹ľ꣡
֧۹
ǲǴԽѾ޹ؽҪĸƽеҲҪҪǰλԹ˵ĵǺжΪ˾ĴڣԼ˵ƷӮ˵أ塣
ԸƵĽɽԸİ񣬹̩񰲣Ը񣬰ҵ壬һУߺ𣿡
ϣʥ͸һϣ塣
ˮ֪£˫ۣȴ쳣ᶨû˿ԥ
һ
޾ͷˡ
ʥʵ˵ͷһִָſ¶һӨƬ
Ƭͨ͸ɢҫ۹âֱ޷ֱӡ
ˣҲøˣӦñҸҪ
Ҳ޸һ
ʥ˵ţָһöӨƬ˳ȥлһߣС
дΪ⣬ϸȥֻʥĶָֻ׸ǴСէһȻâ貣ȴֻ̫ۡǲ֪ΪʲôоϤС
£⡭
ҪѯʣȻһ̣ʼϲ鷢ˡ
ֻöӨ͸Ƭˮʧƣֱۣһ·Ժȥ
䣡
йâ㣬ͬһʱ䣬֮ʯӴͻȻԺ
ע⣡֮ʯƬ
¼ռһ֮ʯƬ֮ʯƻһǧ㣡
ע⣬֮ʯƬԼ֮ʯҴ֮ķ͸ţͬʱҲܹʹ߱޸ıʷ
¼ƪ¡֮¡

̶ʱڣһٲԺͬһʱ䣬ĿУʥ׳ǿ龧Ө͸ƬѸٽԺУ·ܵĳ㣬屾ӵе֮ʯںһ

£
͵۾ŴϷʥʣֻ˵֣ɲ
֮ʯ
Ƭ
ƪ£
ⷬ仯ôû뵽ġ
һֱΪԼԺеľ֮ʯû֮ʯƬһ˵
𺳺𾪵ǣûʥʾȻһ֮ͨʯԽʱգٵϵӲġ
忴ŶʥʣߣλϵǧһۣеĴ㵺𾪣ɴЦ
Σ޸ﻹ𣿡
£⵽ס
ɫ㵣Ҫ׷ʣͼϣʥЦЦţͻȻҵĿǿ·þƽе
ľǣǿʥʵǾȻһ˿˿Ѫ


ڶǧʮ Զʥʣ
ã
һһΣҪӹȥȻʱʥֹ壺
ˣû£
壬ס޵ĳŵȥɣ
ʥ˫Ŀ΢أ·ľڽɫϡ
忴ϵʥʣ·ʲô
֪ʥڼӵϢԼǼϨ֪֮λǧѾߵͷ
ҲԼһμˡ
һƬɬ޾ıˣʥʲԼģҪһݾ档
΢壬ʥ
һǿıˣĹݸףһ
һʱĻˣյ㡣
ת̫߳޾ı˺һּᶨλǧһۣ

ߺ󣬴ָһƬž
Ƭ̣֮Уǵ˾ΰӰͷ˿Ծ˵ٶףҲͻȻࡣ
һ̣˾ʥʣֻһѪͨˡ
ž
ָһһƿն̫ǽϣһ˸ľᡣ
ϵϸУһ£չ¶һ
һֹͼϵŮӺ赴ͬ·̫߷ƣȴ֮һˡ
ܣ޺ܿˡ
һ̣ŻϵĺŮӣʥʵޱȡ
£̫ţ
ܿ죬⴫ʿϵ
ɡ

Ƭ̫֮˫Ŀͨ죬ˣ뿪̫
УʥʵϢԵԽ˥ͷ˿ѾȫףƺѾ֮ʡ
Ϸһ·ڵȴʲô
£ϳˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һӵ𣬾̫뿪֮һӰ֮С
ϣʥԭѾ֮ʣͻȻ͵˫ۡ
ʦˣ
ǵϤӰʥʵ¶һ˿Цݡ
еǵӰض𾪲ѣΪʥʿƵġʦͬʱҲȴˣȻԼүү˾ľŹ

ű֮ʵʥʣŹһϵĳ̾Ϣ
һɲʱ·Ҳ·صʱǰһμӵʱǸʱҲôƺԼԼʦ
ȥɣһѧ
ʦΪ٣

¡¡ڹ֮дУʹһƬ£ʻǰŸʱͻȻ֮䣬һʦ

£͸һİͱˡ
ʦǷ仹࣬˷׷ͣеĶӽƵĿ⣬ȫ˻ʹ̫ķ
ʥʼݱˣ
ʱһޱȵ쳹ʹ
һɲڣһҲֹסᡣ
ʦڣӰ׷Ҳڵأ泯ʹķʧޡ
˶ɥӵ
һ̣ʦһƬˡ
䣡
ûע⵽ͬʱʦϿգһɫιִ̫ϿգѸչʦһ޴Ļ֣ʦ
󣬻˵ʥСݽ磬ʥʽ
ʥ磬

ڽͬʱʦһҽ𣬾һ۴αȵ֮Уһֻţ̿ɥ֮Ȯ㣬Ӹų⼱ȥ
ЩĻ죬֪ھʦǱ˶ãһ̣ȫСݽȹϵϰ˳
ȻЩξ֣ҲӴܣСݽһ̣Ѿעǵˡ
ֻһĲҽһг޾Ŀ־壬˲һĺ£׷ױըΪڻңУݶϣСƮĺڻҡ
쵰
ʦ⣬߸ߵĳǽ֮⣬̫ʼһۣϴŰɫߣû
̫ң㵽ҪΪУ㻤˾ʦݣҪػ
һ̫ʼܿʧС

ͬʱһطһײأÿһ֮ء
ǺǺǡ
⴦صĿռУͻȻһЦʼͲţǵ˺ԽԽ󣬷·һ㣬նѺۡ
̫ңվˣ
õģҪ˶ã޾ͻؼգ䣬վû˿ΪУ

һϵķıһɫĹâ룬һֲӰЦڣ𶯣·𺣳һ㡣
ֲֿĻħΪ֮Ȼʧɫ

ҲһһɥھݸʥʼݱϢѸٴݣݸһİᦣʧʹޣΪʥʷ״Т
һ̣ݾס
ݳʥʼݱıʹУʦƮᦵʱҹʱ֣ĴبͻȻĸ֮ۡС
ۿͨ죬ɫˣֻ֮˵һ仰
үү첻ˣҪ㣡
ʲô
ⷬ͵̧ͷ
ϸ˵Ҵҳʹبһҹɫ֮Уķݵķȥ
һƬڣķȴǵƻͨ
ſڣеŮ춼ˣĸýաùáӵĿ޵ۿףѾҲһıˡ
´ŵүӣſڡ
ţ߳ȥһֻ̣ǰδб䡣
С壡
һ
ķݵſڣ˶ۼһСڡùáø롢Ͷ룬ССҲͳͳ
⣬ȺҲҶϡϵүүһȺϲ¡
֣뿴˹ֳءѹޱȣֱ˴
ˡ
Сǰ˹ס˫ۣ˫ۺףȻҲ޹͸һ˿İˣ
㸸ѾȥˣͲˡ
ô֮ǰүү

̫ͻȻˣ
ʥʼݱѾ۹޴ĳû뵽ʱֻᴫүүϢ
ҲոյϢ
ҡҡͷ
ǹոҽҽߵҽ˵үӵʱ²ˡ
˵ˡ
֨ƣ
ҲʱһľŵУ˵ע⡣
ֹͣ˽̸˷׷˹ȥ
ֻŴ򿪣ֻĸϹͷ˳
ȥɣүүһֱڵ㣡
ɫˣ˫Ѫ˿ոտż󷽵
û˵
͸׵˸ͷżܿ˽ȥ


ڶǧʮ һʱĻ
ҹɫ䣬԰һƬ㣬һɪζ
š£ſڵĵƹ£ҽҩ䣬Ѿ׼뿪ˡ
үŹѣһֱڵ㣬ȥɣ
ҽ̾Ϣܿ뿪ˡ
ãٴμүү
ſ̫ʦүүɫ΢΢Щ԰ף˷ƽоϻ΢΢һ˿Ѫɫ
ֻԱߵһԣͣĨᡣ
ȻһĻʱһ
岢İǻعⷵգʥʵϣҲ
үү
һ߹ȥڲ
˰
Ź¶һ˿顢΢ЦȻɫ԰׵˾ġ
̶̵ֻʱ䣬үүͷ߰ˣҲ࣬˵ĸоͻȻ·һӲ˺ܶ࣬вЩᡣ
үүһ̣̻⣬Ĩ˰᣺
̸ҳȥˣ
˵ţܿ뿪ˣʱֻʣүӶˡ
үү
ǰȥϥүүǰһסүүֻ֣£ƣɬͬʡ
ǰǽʲôʱÿһߵ뿪ʱ嶼о絶
ָоͬ˺һ㣡
һѾı̫࣬¼ûʧ裬Ҳûû䣬ֻû뵽·תǻصһ
ûǻʧȥүү
һһʧȥˣ
ˮϻ䣬˫΢΢ȴûп
ͬһڣûҪͬʱʧȥҪˣ
ҩ˲ΡĵرһѾ뾡취Ҫӳүүվǵһ
Ϊʲô
ѵһо
ͽеҲһ顣
үүа취ģһа취һ취Ծ㣬ӳ
Ȼ̧ͷһ
ˣ
ʱо˫ͻȻ˽
ɫһ㵣ʶүүֻүүɫ飬ԼƣЦŶԼҡҡͷ
ӣүү֪ǲˡүүڣþĶˣѾûʲôźˡ
ҡǵʱҲѾˣ
˵һ䣬үүƺѿһУƵᣬ͸һֶԹȥĻһֶδļС
ĿӹүүǽصİɴͻȻʲô
ʥˣ
үүһ𿪴һʱĻˣǸʱĻԻѾȥ
үүǵʲôڵĳ갵Ѿûȥ
һ˾еĻԻͣеĴ䣬ϡûʲôźûʲôġ
үү
Ҫ˵ʲôȴʲôҲ˵ֻޱܡ
үүһ£ʵүү𣿡
ŹڵЩ
үү֪ʲôʲô㣡

һƬĬβүӵ
ͱһδ𣿡
䣡
ŹߣĶУȴǻһ𣬴ʧɫ类С
ôû뵽үүʱ̣Ȼʳ⡣
һ룬ĴķƵصĵط
δһֱķУ㲻үүȻʳ⡣
ǱܵģҪϡ
Ȼһ̧̣ͷߣүү˫۾ʱˡ
˫۾ѩ䣬ȴûͱˣâ¶ζ̺һºһᴵ
˫۾岢ûиоκֵζ
飬δκ׽ˣҲӲ˵һ˵ܣһ̣ǰ顢º͵үүʹĵһε˵ͷ
ǣ
Ҿ֪ûв´ȻˣȻˣ
ĲʱүͻȻЦ˵ͷ
ӣ㲻үүĺ
֪ʲô㵽ʲôҪأֻҪƷԸУүүĺҲҵĺүүΪ٣ҲΪ
ү΢Ц
ңүүҲһֱ֪ʥʲһүүӣΪ㿴үүĿ⣬ǿһ˲еĿ⣡
үү
үүһ仰үүϥϣ̲ס
ԭ֪
ԭһֱ֪
һֱΪԼˣȻԺУ㲻ˣԼ׽Ҳ羴үүʲôףʲô֪
ֻһѾʱ̡
үû˵ֻǿŷϥͷ壬һοǿµḧͷ
ʹ࣬޾İûںͻںޣ֪Щһĸүү
үү˷ƴΪδΣ𣿡
ǣ
һΣ岢û
ǸүүӦ𣿡
үٴε
ԣԣһԣ
忪ڵ˵үү˵Լ
Ǻǣүүͷˣ
ү΢Ц
үүûźˣ
˵仰үүϢԽԽֻݵƺʧȥͷ䡣
ֱһ̣үӵϻһ˿Цݡ
үү
ǰǾñ壬ʣҲ̲סѹõʹʧ
һ࣬岢֪ʹӿȥʱһ࣬һǽ֮ĵطһӰŹȣǽڣһֱĬĬĶš

һഫıڰУһ̾Ϣ
ǶһӣվߵһǵʱˣӮһΣ
ֻһյ΢ĵƻҫҦ̧ͷһŲϵޱϲֻһį
һʱľš
Ӯ䣬ѾҪ
壬Ϊ˵Щ㶼ס𣿡
ҦŲԶڵϵҦ죬ڵ
סˣ
Ҧ칧
ãܺã
Ҧүĵ˵ͷϵٴ¶һţ
ҹ£κʱ򣬶С֮˽ϴ֮ΪܸģҲΪһݺᣬǻۣ
˵һ䣬ҦүҲƺþȫ˫Źȣɫ£Ҳ۾
һ̣ɫ£Ǹķ㾡һеˣǻָ¼λ˴Ҧ࣡
ݱף
үϳŵ֮ˮҲ̲סҦڵϣͷ­أһ
ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬Ѱ˿ǿž޴Ƕ棬ͬһʱ䣬ݴһɽ˲
䣬صҲ֮仯

ɽ֮УһʿʿһĻһ̾ţ泯žʦķ򣬷׷׹
ԼķʽƾλڹĪ͵



ףһӵƽ𣬽ɥӵݴء
ʥʼݱãŹҦ࣬λʢʱҫ۵࣬Ҳһͬ䡣
һ򸼸ݸء
ʷڰʱ̣
Ϣʹʧ˶֪ǸԻͣ貣ҲǿʢʱĻˣ
ݸأİТŰɫۣԷĸϵʦ׷Т
˿޵˺ѷΣȥ
ŹҦ࣬ǰ£ǵѧҲ׷ʱϵ˾ʦ졣


ڶǧʮ »ʼλµķ֣

ͬһʱ䣬ŸӾʦ˷һǰδеĴƾޱ䣬ҲЩŸ˷֮С

յƾޱ䣬ʥ䣬˹֮УץǷż㣬׳죬һ̾Ϣ
ʥ䣬˵ǰδеľϲҦް⣬ҲǸջֻǴȴûκεϲãֻһ˵ꡣ
Ƶ۹ʥʺλ࣬ǵ֣ȴҲǺܣӢۣ˹Щ˻ɱȴҲһһΰʱ
ӢԶֵκ𾴣
ɳģʹţǰƵ۶ƾʥʣɥڼ䣬˹غʹ޷

ǣ

£˶ڱ֮С
̫У߹ʥʵگ
ˣʵگԻ
Ӽλ̫ӣ޹̫֮֮ƷҺ񣬴ϻ۹ˣʰ֮ģǹ֮ʥλ֮ѡ
޽λڱˣΪ֮֮УҲڴմˣ
꣡
꣡
꣡

̫͵Уٹȫڵأ
Ϸͷ˿ѻΪףʮĸ߹ʥּ˵ͷ漴
飬ɥ֮ʥʹז~پ̫ĵǻ䣡

һоʹ˵춨ʥʵּ£̫ڼλ˳ΪһĴƻʵۣ
ʥʵһֲٰ죬ʢĹУŹҦҲ̫Ķ׼ͬʱҲ̫͵ٹٵͬ⣬һ꣬ʥ֮Уҡ
һɾһصľ֮꣡

ʱ仺ȥһжڰͰĽУ֮һƴʽ֮УҲյ廳֮УʥʡŹԼҦĹז~һ˻ꡣ
¡
ڻһ죬ʮصĺɵĴ£һʱҲŽˣ
ڼ֮һͷ׷ĸ߹ɥ֮󣬵һγĸ֮ۡС
ЩǱǰġ
ʿǰ忪ڵ
ʿһ˵ţһ߽һһҵĽɫͭŵϡ
ܷͭȻû˴򿪹
Կף˵һн֮ԴӡĶң˶ô
ʿһ䣬ֽһѻͭԿ׷ڽɫͭԡ
һУʿתȥ
߹
Ÿʿꡢ˵ıӰ̲ססƬ̵
Ժ׼ȥ
ʥǸʿСĻӣʱĻһжˡ
Ѿ˵ʿѾ̫ύ˴ǳʣ׼Ϲ
Ȼʵ˶֪ʿʵСνϹдʶѡ
Ѿˣ²ڣҲҵȥǷģϻĶһһֱĬĬɱϣӡ
˵仰ʿ壬ܿ뿪ˡ
վþ˵
֪˶ãžתʿϵǸɫͭ䡣
徶ֱȥԥûóȻӡ
ḧɫͭ䣬ܽɫͭ䴫ıУаٸнٴһıˡ
һĻĻٴθͷʥʶЯΣ·գǰ
ǸѾ뿪ˣɽҲˣȻһ̣Լʲôˣֻλǧһۣ
ʹУģʹ衣
£
۾һָȴѲԾսָѪ֮УһѪڵδУһһεڵء
㹻ǿöã
ܹʥʸöã
ֻϧһֻϱһٴĿһзȴΪ
ʲô˵ĸоʹ飡
ˣ
ĬĬ۾촽ҧѪˣʱͻ
⵽ҵϸܵǿҵִԸ
¼֮ӦУ
ȴȴ
ϴڡн֮ʯĽںУиںϳźŵķǷԣ
ⷬһ֮ʯȻӦԼû뵽ġ
𺳵ģ֮ʯ͸¶Ϣ
ȻиʾȻʥʣ
ͬ⣡
弸Ǻԥ
нС
յ϶Ĵ𸴣֮ʯٴ
֮ĸʿԽн𡯽ɡ𡯣ùҪʮ㣬мʧܣǷгԣ
֮ʯٴ
ʮ㣡
ʧʣ
֮ʯ͸¶ϢҪһΣʮ㣬γɹ
͵ĳɹڸ壬Ȿǲܵ£Ȼʱ˿̣Ѿ˲ôˡ
ͬ⣡Ϊ𡯣
ԥ
һɹʮ㣬֮ʯУн𡯽С
֮ʯ޸ѸԺ
û˵ֻǴ޵ϣĬĬȴ
ʣһʧˡ
ע⣬ʧܣ
棬нмʧʣɹ΢΢ֹͣԣ
֮ʯϤ
ȴû˿ԥ

ʧܣ棬
룬֮ʯٴδ
Ȼû㣺




ɫֻһһ鲻ͣظš
Ծ˵ٶģ̶ʱ䣬Ѿʧ˶ʮΣٶ˵㡣
νĻڼ
棬Ѿ㣬Ƿ
һξ棬ʧ̫ߣ
֮ʯ

廹û˿ԥ
棬ʧܣ
棬ʧܣ
棬ʧܣ

ʧܻڼʧ뷴ԵĹУѾȫʱ䡣
һƬžһ̣ʱ·
ΪʧܻûоͷʱͻȻ
ˣ
һ벻·ǧ꣬ͻȻԺ
ϲɹΪ𡯣
ֻж̶һ䣬Уȴ֮
ȻҲ·ָɫ
𣡡
⼼ܣֻĿڲпܳɹʩչ
ע⣬֮УĿǰҲ޷ﵽĵزֻܱ桢꣬ȵʱ죬ٶ

ڴʱڻϢҲԺг֡
죡
͸¶Ϣ͵һ¡
ʱ䲻ˣ
ռĿ꣡
ԥ
ע⣬ͨڣ궼ʧ־ǿԳ죬죬лʧҲ޷á
𷢶ǰǱҵĿꡣ
⣬ʩչҪİʮ㣬Ƿ
֮ʯٴ


ڶǧʮ һ˿ϣ
ǣ
ʱѾȫˡ
ȷ϶һİʮ㣬У
֮ʯһ㵭өͻȻڰ֮С
ө֮˴˿΢ӣγһİ˽ͣΧм䡣
ֻһɲǣһһ̣䣬˵өγɵ΢ըΪһž޴Բ˼ٶȴŷѸʦŶȥ
һǣжȻһĸо
ȻվУһɲ͸š޵һ죬δӽǣʦա
һž޴һ޴״оʦգǵ㣬һķʽĸ֪С
Щʦյ꣬е΢ޱȣө𣬶еޱȣͬ𣬶е°࣡
Ļ޼ʦжûж٣֪Ȼǵ۹󽫵֮
ֻǴ˿̣ѾȫЩ档
Ȼ֮ʯ˵𡱿ԱĿ꣬ǵĿǰΪֹ嶼֪ʩչ
һ̣ҲЩˣҪսʱ
ʥʵѾ궼ѾɢˣҲ֪𡱵ܲܶѾʥá
ʱһŵĬĬȴ
һ֣֣֡
ʩչ𡱺üΣʦɨ˺ü飬ȴʼûκҪķӦԽĽǡţڣҲֻĬĬȴ֮ʯĻظ
ʱ仺ţּ尾ĵȴУ·ֻһɲǣַ·ͣͻȻ֮䣬һöԺ
ɨɹĿƬ
˵ʱʱ죬һھǧɵĸ߿УԭһĵطâһͻȻֳһ΢Ĺ㡣
ϸ׷ۣ̺ĹâȴԶԶ˵۹󽫣оǿĪ
ˣ΢Ƭʱ䲻ɢ˥䣬ܹǵ׷۰ƬѾ鿪һ޷ѺۣƺƬ̾ͻ᳹ɢ
ʥʵ꣡
ܵǵâϤϢ΢˳
̫ˣ
һɲмޱȡ
ռ
ԥ
ˣ
һ̣߿ǵ׷۰΢ʥƬ·ܵϸߵǣķ۶
һʼף֮ʯʼ⵽ʥԽԽɢݵƬ
ɨɹĿƬ
ɨɹĿƬ
ɨɹĿƬ

֮ʯԺ
ʦ˷һһ׷۰Ľɫâϳĸ֪Уڻǣ£ǰ㳯㼯

һֻȶųӹʥʵƬдԽȴûܵκ谭
¥Ƭ˵ʵ嶼޷谭ЩƬ
һҹɫУɰǧ׹Ӹ㼯νΪ׳ۡ
Ȼһг֮⣬ûκһ˿
忴ЩռƬЩϸ΢׹⣬ǰ㼯һǳ㣬ĴָС΢棬зжص㣬һ
ʱ仺ȥĬĬվڴУĿŻռ̡
֪˶ãһƬռϣһнһҲ֮
ۼǰʥƬĻһѾкҴСˡ
ǧ׷۰ƬУһɹεˮ㣬ЩƬճһ
֪ǻ
ĿռϣȰٷ֮ʮ壡
⵽ϱԴռĴڣϱԴռԼ޲ͻָǷʹã
һн֮ʯ
ǣ
ҪشͻȻ֮䣬֮ʯٴ
ע⣡Ϸ̣⵽ĿǰϢ̺Ŀһ˿΢ϵܹĿ֮һĻָٶȣǷʹã
ָ̣𣿡
һ漴뵽ʲôһӻȡöʥ͸Լġ˫塱ڴƻҫ£ɫ˫㿴żΪԡ
Ҳû뵽ö˫ʱҲܷá
ֻʥ֮һĻָٶȣڵ˵Ѿջˡ
ǣ
ԥͷ
һ̣һǣ£徲е˫壬Ϊһɫͬʥʲһ֮ʯǣ£·һûԼԺУʧ١
ıԴռУһǿꡣ
һлָƽǵ꣬㱣¶һ˿˸С
֮ʯʥʵҪòָܻ
űԴռǵϤϢͻȻڵ
źŵ̶ȣҪȫָҪǧ꣬ʱ䡣ıԴռӵãźŵǿȺԼΪǿҲһʴǰüʼ͡
֮ʯ
촽΢ƺЩʣʲôգǧﻯһ̾Ϣ
£΢ֻһˡ
а
ܲûдﵽʥʵҪܳܳʱָܻ
ǧ꣬ꡭ
岻֪ҪãЩѾҪˡ
ֻҪʥֻܹҪϣ㹻ˣ
ʯ䣬ЩͷԺһӶһָܿ
ĿϵĽɫͭϣ߹ȥܿϸʿµöͭԿס
һУʥʵٴξۼ˯ıԴռʱ岢֪ľٶƵҲ֮츲صı仯
ˣ
һεĲ𵴿ҹâһԭһĵطȻֳһǳ
ܣ
ܣ
ôܻ£
΢ֱ֣ŽδУ
ɽۣ֮һʿųۣգ𾪡ظšôܡĸ֡
ǰľѾ޷óˣ

ر΢ִڣײ䣬һ䣬Զʧ
ڣǶ֣Ȼ΢࣬ȷȷʵʵ΢ɡ
Ȼһǣе޴𶯵ģֹЩԿ̽ʿ
ʥʵϢʱ𶯵ĻһطһֲĴڡ
ܣ̫㵽ʲôϷѵ˵㻹ûͼıʲô
һصĿռڣ𶯣족͵̧ͷ۾һ˫ɫͫգһĲš
̫Ҷغϣ˫֮乴Ķǣవ㡣
΢ɲǣΪԼѾɹˣͻȻ仯ɲɣһε̫ƺõȦףթڰУ׼һζԸԼж
һɲǣ족оһ𾪡


ڶǧʮһ ǻ
ҲӦʹûռʥʱǿҫ΢ǳһֱڰеġ족ڶ˵һε塣
ڲ֮̽ǰ̫ʼеľٶʹʦʥԽĳΪһء
Ȼα仯ʥʵگϾ֮λΪһεĻʵۣѾǰ϶ˡ
һ޾ʥ꣬Ϊȶģģһ¾̫֮нΪм
ܿ죬һ鷢˷μʢ䣬зҲܵ룬ǰʦμӡ
ʥʼݱŹҦλҲ֮䣬һʱѹʮ겻ҷĴλˡ
ڴܱ˵൱ѹͷɽƿɴʧȥ˶ԴƵľη֮ġ
˽°ӿʹƵı߽شȴһƬƽûκ춯
ʥţλɵսڣƵĹǿʢʵ̴档
㹻׼֮ǰû˸ʱ
ǡǡ෴յƹ飬߳϶ʹǰʦμļʽ

λ죬ʦ˿ʦοգ߸߹𣬽ͷβһƬ֣֮ǰʥʼݱķΧγԱȡ
»ʣ
»ʣ
»ʣ

ʦһ󻶺İܼ꣬ɽ˺㼯ʹΧȫΣʹ̫ķ
ңԶһ˶¶¹ǽǴӹǽ̧֮ͷȻԿϸʵ̫
Ȼ޷ټʢ䣬ʱȻԶԶ̽»ʵǻһǡ
ʱ˿̵ĻʹһƬ£ʮɭϣʹһƵڹǽӭƮչ
ʹڣŮվڸߴʻǻУʹ˾ǧŰٶɵɺ̺ӵĶһֱѣŰܯ쵽̫ǰ
ྲ
˾̫ܯԣٹվһ·ׯޱȡ
࣬ңƸصĴ󽫾Լ̫ʦ̫ǣȫɫµվϼڴˡ
УһۣͷϽڣȺΪҫۡ
ʱǨѲǵʮ꣬һδεķĥ£һĴսϴѳΪȨ£ĵ۹Ȩ
ÿ⣬ֻһվһޱߵϺ֮չ˲һɾη֮ġ
Ҫǣ˶֪ϵ˵һϵλġ
ʥµУԸųʵ۵ġ
̣ǸĴӣϺʹӹᣬʵдĶӣѱͱ˵ӣмܶͻʿУõк˽ֵ֧Ļӡ
ЩԱԽܶĻͳͳûϻλλһʼ˶û뵽ġ
»ʼݵ

֣

Ƭ̣˾̫ٴ䣬һıڻʹ
ţһ̻Ӷգҵıըʹһ󻶺
վڰܯϷӸ£ԶԶȥֻһ˸˾޴Ͻ𻪸ԶУȻ̶Ӻͺ־־ɵĻ
Ͻ𻪸ǣԼĻ£һ֡
ھܯŰپʮųߵĵط򿪣һӰ˳μ䣬â䣬¶һɵۻʵš
վڸߴѾŨܺ룬˼ֳȺأ˼࣬Ҳпѡ
һεĵǻ䣬ɹе˾һ֣ϸѭ»ʵǻǺͳûκεĲ֡
һںصУԹߵĿ̡
ڵѲ֪ųӵˡһδεĹ͢ԼһδεĥرʥڳɳԼ縺ΣΪӡеλ֮
οǣкܶ黹ǷˣԼվǸıˡ
һ࣬һƬƮҡ֮ΣϻλʱĻλһҫһظλƵ֮ŻѪϹᣬһ֮УţźͬҲЩĩʱ֮˵ź
һжѾı䣬ɼλǷĺǿʢѲǵ裬ǲʱ
Ҹ֥˼˳³Щ۹Ҳɽڣƹû½
¾ɽ棬ƽȹˣ
а
һеĸһ˻رһվֵõģӹͷܿƽ
Զͷʹڣɫ࣬ڹ£ԼٹٵĿУһʰϣŴƵ۹Ȩ̫ȥ
ˣʵگաȻУ̫л֮ʥ֮ݣʥȺ׹壬ϴȰǾܸ񣬽ڽʱأʵλ˼֮أʵоҵ֮Σصʶ¡½ɺ£Ծз־Ω£ͣͼΡΪԪꡣ
ȺĿУһ˾ֳ̫࣬ڸ˾๲ͬⶨʥگ
˾̫ཫʥگһգ̫࣬ǰ͵ǰ
ӹɲǼ䣬ʹ⣬һ쳹أ
꣡
꣡
꣡

һɲǣʦ֮УĴ񱬷춯صĻ쳹أ̻ҲųʦһƬֵĺ
̫ǰ࣬ٹҲ빪
ǻȨ죬ҳľǻͳλ
ͷʹڣӹɲǣҲ˻ȨڵʽһʽΪƵ۹һεĻʵۡ
䣡
ͬʱ̫ǰһͨۿֱأƵҲڷ츲صı仯
޾ǿһŴ΢ǣҫգŷ޾Ĺâ
վ̨£ĿáһУ겻ѡ
ףһͳΪ˴ľӴԺҲ̫࣬Ƶ۹ϵĻʵ۱£
Ҳѹϵһ֣֮Ҳܻصǰ
ϸ룬ⲻǡǡԼֲʱ뿴
ϣ
»ǰ̫͵ٿһγᣡͬʱԪĵһʥͣ
ͬһʱ䣬д˾̫΢΢գ۾ܿع


ڶǧʮ 족磡
λȻ̫ǰУǱҪ̫͵ֵһγᣬһʥͣȱ
ӭǰ̫͵
ٹٴʱ
˵ͷû˵һȺ̫ӵ£̨¶ȥ
̣ɫϣĿбӡ
һ̵Ŀ֮ǡ
һ̣ھԵʱû˿ףͻȻͣ
壡
ŤͷһԵ壬ûгƺ֣ǽгı
нգӹΰ֪ӽ쿪ʼǲǰǰܣҳޣƳǣܳƺˣȻǸ࣡
κʱԶŵˣ
ԶḺ㣡
Ȼʺ;ŹһֱˣǾˣһֱǴƵļѻȻˣţұضȻʺ;Ź꣬ٴһδƵļѻ

ⷬܯٹٶǷ׷Ϊ֮ݡ
ǻҪ˽˿̶Ҫ»ԸΪͣѾĪҡ
˵»ʵȺ˵Ƿ
ǰһ仹ԡҡԳƣһԡޡԳƣⲢ»ҪĽޣǡǡ෴󼸾仰Ǹޡ»˵ٹģҲ;ĵһַʽ
»ʶأѾﵽ˳ĵز
û˵ипѡ
ģ᲻ף
ǻôҪĵϣٹٺʹڵǰķʽġơҲ춨ڴƵ۹Ⱥϵĵλ
ȻַʽرԼ
л£
һ
κʱ΢߾ȫ£츣񣡡
Ȿ΢֮£
û˵ֻǵ˵ͷ彻һ񣬱˾Ⱥӵ£̫͵ȥ
岢ûС
ԳϵӦԱոǷȻһ⣬ǶպͳΣҲһĸӰ졣岻μӳᣬҲǲӰ콵͡
һ̫͵ķܿ뿪ˡ
ϵճиҪȥ

ʱ仺ȥԱԼٹٵĸ£༴λ֮͢ΪһӴĻһָЧķʽת
۹ҲѸٴʥԼŹҦлָѸٻָ
Ҳ̶ʱڣʾԼһĺۼ
ദöЧʣҴõüΪ׵ȫûˮ̫ʦ̵̫ϳҲо޿ޡ
ֹˣᣬ»ʵݣ⸳꣬¡
⣬Ҳڶ̶ʱڣһϵеļƻݺǾ¡áͨµȸ棬ʵʩµĶƾӴʳʮƽӴƸݼƵ۹ѸֳһƬٵļơ
Ҳᳯϵ飬ʥʼݱ֮弸ȫ˳˳ϵ飬ȫУŲŲ
˵ʱе飬Զκ鶼ҪҪ
ˣ
֮Уһ鼮ϸ
еĲͬĲʲôϾɡ߲ĹŴ壬ǡǡ෴ּʱ䣬Բᳬꡣ
ʵϣʥ֮ǰױıʼǡ
ʥ侳۹󽫣۷塭һܹյıԪѾﵽͷôҲԸһ࣬󲿷ֹڴ۷壬Ҳ޷ǰһ
ǧ֪ҲΪ۷Ǽޣⲻ֪֮;Զֹھ˼֮Уأ£еİ
Ԫǧֻ֣Ԫǡ졯һﵽߵľ磬ͱգԽң߲ε
ؼתɡ졯ת졯
֮ѰԪڣ޾ʱɵ͵ߣߵȼĿռ磬ԽߴгξԽߡʣֿԷΪ΢쾳Լ侳ÿһ죬ղͬĻֿԷΪסнס߽Լ۷أ
Ҫһһ㣬ء棬ʱյĵ
졯磬Ȼѣһͻƣ̥ǣﵽ˵ĵز

̫ʦпȻԺǴ˷˲Ϣͷ
ãʥµдʼǣ巽ƽϢ
Ӵ۷嵽侳ѣھ˵ЩһƬհף塢˴峤Լʦаˣ¶ⷽ涼֪֮٣㾪žޣͬײ̫֮Ҳ֪ࡣ
£ܹȫ͸Щ磬һĿȻйƵģҲֻѾʥˣ
Щ֪ʥ֪Ҳ޷ȥʡ
ʥǱߣһγֵʱ򣬾Ѿ㣬е鶼ѾŵⱾҲںܾǰΪ׼ġ
ԭ΢ɾ̫ʼڵһжǸ߼ҲǵʵΪʲô˿ֲԭ򣡡
а
磬ȻҲﵽ΢Ѿﵽ΢۷壬츮ԻܣǶָߵȼԼǸܽ˶ؿռ䣬嵽ڶ֪Ȼ֪Ȼ
ǿʥʵıʼǣֻǡ֣㽫֮͵ͨͨ͸
ؼԪ̺ĺһȼյôʣߵȼ
׵磬һģһǴȻŷģǿһĿȻ
ԪĲҲˣ
ԣ΢һҪռҲǻ̫ʼǵԴ
а
̧ͷͷһ˫ǳ·͸ʱգ΢ռĸߴ
ǰֻ֪΢Ŀռƴأ޾ȴӲ֪΢Ϸһؿռ䣬ڸߴĸߴиĿռ䣡
ʥµıʼǣûֱȴȫǰĵ·ʲôֺΪɨϵ谭ĳ̶ֳϣֱҪҪ
һ;ԽˣԽԽ
̫ʼһʵΪֲĹ
ʥڵʱЩ˻Щ壬ڣʥʲڣ˿ѹǡ
ȻСݽڣЩ˲ҽ뾩ʦ֪һ˾ʦЩˣԼɡ
ңν׻Ȩ£ǿޱȣǶ̫ʼЩ˵߹һ㣬Ϊ塣
ֻҪԸ⣬׵նɱ뿪ƾʦκһԱԼڡ
ûôֻǹڹ°ߣԸ⽵ôˡ


ڶǧʮ ʮţ
ͺ˿ԲϣȴȥɱϣһΪûбҪڶΪ֪ԼԸ⣬ʱȥһϡ
ڣ̫ʼ̬
ڴưȻԺҲˣЩ˲֡
ЩˣӵпǵܴȡʲôĻԻͣҲܴƵıжôǿ׳նֻǾлˮ°ˡ
Ҳǻ֮ûȥμӳԭǱߣ嶼ûмѯʡ
ΪҪɽҪ̫ʼˡ
Ҫģٴͻƣӵ̫ʼ˵ġ쾳
֮;Ҫ΢ͻƵ쾳ҪӸ֣ۻһ̶ȣˮɣܳɹ粻ͻƣóȻ๦ǿֻᷴ亦ʥҲڱʼ书Ҫԭ򣬲ԤҪڴﵽ΢֮󣬲ǿпͻƵ쾳
һƬžͷ΢΢ȴ˲Ϣͷ
΢쾳츳ǳ侪֮΢΢Ļͻƣһʥʶ̫Ϊû̫Ŀܡ
ΪûвӦص๦ûõģ쾳ûô򵥣ʼ֮ȴôΪ
ʥȻҲǴԽߣҲ֮ʯȻ֪Ͳô˵ˡԵɺϣҵĻһԴʱ䣬ӿͻƵ쾳
а
һ̣ĩʱһ˶Ķ
̥
ĩƽٽ٣籾Դıѣϲ䣬˺ܶ£Զֵܳ䡣
в˼Уڱ¶̥ΪҪҲĩ׹֮һ
̥ûʲôϵ
ǡǡ෴ֻһʯ̥ǵص֮µʯ֮еġ
飬ڵصף֪˼ǧ꣬˴֮һĻʲŻżȻ̥Ҳ֮¶
̥ض쳣ְ¾ǧ֮ⶼܸоõ
Ǿ̥ˣҲͬЩߡܶǿŷܶǰ뵽У˫ΧǾ̥˼伤ҵĳͻ
ֻؼʱ̣ߴϵʹúܶۻࡢаϢ̥ʱͻȻƻǾ̥
岢ûвμǴսȴǵãۣ
ʱɹ̥罫һʷǰǿս
̥Ѫܾ죬ȴΨһϣһ̥ͨ츳ͨعƣ°빦һǧ
̥ڰıԴƼãӵǱ
ܶ飬Ѿ̥صĴŵص㣬ȴǵá
ھĩƽٻһʱ䣬Լ֪
ʱޣ̫ʼͰɽǾԼ̫ʱ䡣뿪ʦ֮һ̫ʼǷ֣Ҵ֮
ҪԱڶʱڻöԿ̫ʼ˵Ǿ̥Ψһİ취
建۾ʼĬĬ䡣
û⣬̥ĵصӦþˡ
ۣĿȴǽϣһŴƵͼҴһɨͶ˾ʦԱһççȺɽ֮С
Ǵط󣬿ҲۣڵͼҲʶǡḁ̇̄صĵص㡣
һƬߣ뱱ͥ;ʦԶһûע⵽
ˣȴֿɵá
Ҫõ̥һǱ̫ʼĸӦ

̫ʼһֱƺԼΪ֮ӣʥһԼʾǵһĿꡣ
岢̫ʼڴ֮ǰҪ֤ᱻ̫ʼ֡
ˣ
ֻһգۣһͨԺе֮ʯһɫıʯԺ֮УɢصϢ
֮ǰͬõʥϵǿƬ֮ʯ̬Ѿı࣬󣬶ԶһСƬ
ӦþʥʵƬˡ
а
ʥ֮ǰǿ龧Ө͸Ƭȫ֪֮ʯ˽⣬ֱӰһΡ
һֱΪԼرģΨһһԽߣʥʵȫ֪
ûϻĴԽߣġ֮ʯ
ڽĹУ֮ʯƺʥΪźţҲζǰ滹˺ţߺšһţţԼпܾʮš
岢зʲôΪʲôô˺֮ʯйأǺʣⱳһʲôܡ
⣬ҲԼʥǵĲͬ
ȻͬǴһ紩ԽģʥϵĽһСƬ֮£Լǿ֮ʯҪöࡣ
ȫһ
ʮšҲζһԽ𣿡
ֻǰ˷롣
һжֻĿǰеϢеĲƲ⣬ʲôڶ޷ȷϡ
ֻһ˲ͻع
֮ʯǷӵĳϢķɱԼ̫ʼֶ쾳ǿߣ
峢ʵ
ȻԺ֮һƬĬ֮ʯûκεĻӦ
ĬƬ̣֮ʯķӦ⣬ʵϣ֮ʯӦˣ
岢ûз֮ʱ֮ʯȻһԭͰա
һ̣ı˷
˫գѯ֮ʯǿʼʢڶǽ׷ɱɽ̫ʼʱĳ
ƾӴľ彫һĻԺٴ֣̫ʼ֮ˣѹԵƴɻ˵ĳԼ̫ʼʱӿǿҵΣգţŨҵϢ
һһ飬⽫֡־塱šԼϢȻ󴫵ݸԺе֮ʯ
ʵϣѾòˣһսʥʵϢͻȻ˿Ѿ̫ʼС
ʱ仺ȥƬ֮󣬹Ȼƺܵ崫ݹȥ֡ϢһֱĬԶԵ֮ʯڷ˸ı䡣
⵽ҵϸܵǿҵִԸ
¼֮ӦУ
ʼж
жǰʵĿĸʰٷ֮٣ѵĸʰٷ֮㣬֪ǿҵ
ʵУϲ޿Ŀǰѵ

̶ʱڣ֮ʯһϢԺгˢ£Ľȴʼϲ
֮ʯһȦĽȻ޷棬ҲûκεӦԷ
һ漴ܿع
嵹̫⣬΢Կ쾳ͲܣҲԤ֮е£岢ûз
ı󶯣֮ƶ֮ʯĳַԸ̫ʼΪʥһ֮ʯƬڵ֮ʯѾ˼ı仯ĹܣԵľнܽɻ
֮ǰǸйģ


ڶǧʮ Ѫ
ֹˣ幵ͨԺе֮ʯĸܵܶ༼ܵĺ󷽣һƬҰǺͻһ֮ʯ༼ܿչĿռ䣡
֮ʯ⣬ǷǱڵļܣ̫֮ʼּĶ֡
Ŀڵ
һȻʶ˷֮ʯ˻Ӧ
յС
ϲ޿Խ
֮ʯļһҲ΢΢ɫ
⣡һеĿܣ
ٴε
յٴμ⡭
ϲ޿Խ
ĿǰԵĶܽû漰֧ܣǷԣ
һΣ֮ʯĻظȴһ˿µı仯
֮ʯһ仰Ŀһдϲԥ
з֧ܣ
յ󣬽з֧ܵļҪ㣬Ƿ
֮ʯ
ԥĵͷ
һ̣·ֻһɲǣַ·ǧͣȴ
⵽Ŀ꼼ܣ
ѪѪܷ֧
ԴıѪҺԼϢ԰ǿߵĸ֪
ע⣬üܲȫϢֻǽϢͷŷΧʹĿ޷ԶӦϢΪӦĴۣڣϢŨҶʮ
һʩչüܣڱĿ뵽ڵķΧʱأᱻֱӸ֪
ʹáѪڼ䣬ÿ1㣬Ҹüʩչ죬֮һµǱڣ޷ٴʩչ
̶ʱڣڡѪϢԺС
̫ˣ
ѪްѩһƬ
Ѫֻʩչ죬֮һµȴڣϸ㾩ʦ̥֮ľ룬Ҳ㹻ˡ
Ψһǣʩչּܵļ侪ˡ
ÿһ㣬Ʋ࣬Ҫϵʹãʱ䣬Ҫʮ㣬ۻȻ侪ˡ
ֲǷ֧ܣĵͨҪö࣡
а
⣬ҲѪԭƺǽױ֪ЩϢһֱѹɵķΧ֮ڣҺΧ֮ѪŨޱȣ֮ȴʲôҲܲ
̫ܲʼƽ뿪ʦȡ̥ͿѪܷܲˣ

ʱ仺ȥҹʱ֣ʦϣâһһӰһ㣬ĬĬʦ
˻裬ʼնһ
ҹɫž̫ʼĿ⻺ӹգӵƻɺĻʹƿ˻ʹϣλá
ˣûа취𣿡
̫ʼԱߣϢ֮ǰսб˵츮ͻȻԱߵ
ǰĴƾʦĴƳǳزûʲô𣬵Ƕں˵ѳΪһء
츮ĿɨأУԿһģͨ˿βƣסʦ
㲨ƶͨ޺еĺȴԵġ
߰ǰĺǱ뵽˾ʦУԭļƻҪ˴˻Ǳʹ̫Ҵ֮ʣἸΪҪĶȻ˭Ҳû뵽̫һУڵصײСݽ磬һձк˵جΡ
ĺ˷׷ױ츮Ǽÿ죬Ҳ˾ʦ֮С
룬츮ɾ¡
ʵ𣬷£ûܹԸôû뵽
ûã
֮У̫ʼڷˣͬڹ۲Сݽ磺
ĻǻʹҪƻ󣬾ͱǸʮʷ֣Ҫƽ󷨱ϼѣ˵ǵ˸޷뾩ʦ
̫ңǶ͹ˣ쵰ȻǵıԴ󻹽һ
̫ʼߺ޵
޷ʶҵģ֯ڲڶ࣬ÿ˵Ϣ̫ܹͬСݽǣȻǴϲɼһЩԴģͨĶ˲ſԾ׼󷨷Χڵĺˡ
츮վһԣɫҲ̫ÿ
ˣô죿ѵЩûκΰ취𣿡
츮ڵŤͷһԵ̫ʼ
̹󷨵֪Լ̫߱ʼͬ书Ѿﵽ˶쾳۷壬ʵԶԶԽԼ족ӡֻܼϣ̫ʼˡ
û취ߣôܣ
̫ʼһߣĿܿ춨
Ȼתٿأ̫ĺıضִƣֻҪҵˣжȡӡǣȻմҲܹ׵ƻ󣡡
̫ҽǶһҪ취õ
̫ʼ
˵ʱĿһֱĸۡ
ʥʦ֮УпմӡǵĲǸոռλ࣬пǸ֮ӣ
ô̫꣬һ֯õģ֯һֱҪԸ̫ңҲĪĹϵ
ֻϧ̫̫ƻֶ̫뾡еİ취Ҳûҵ䡣
ǸСӷǳƻ²̫Ҳ˴Կףһֱûж취
츮Щǵ
ϴεĴսһˣ츮Ӱ
츮ԭȴɵء

츮Ļ̫ʼֻһЦ
Թһʱѵһֱ𣿸ݰɽǣһЩʱȻҲͳˣ
̫ʼЦһ


һ̫ʼ츮ʱһ㣬ٴʧ١

ҲǱߵĶ֮
˵һɻرܣ
ʦĶţţԼţһƬ֣յУǿ׳ѪգȼյĽӿӿ

УΧİշ׷׳á
ô£ôôĶ
û˵»ʵǻ׼ﶦЩɳǳأԺҪսģ
ԭˣ

һ۷׷ףһȻ򣬷׷ɢ
ʥ䣬λ¼λϡʥ֮˵ġ»ʡӾʦطаնΪ˵˷׷˿Ϊ֧֡
ĴӳǳӿƺƵܿǳ׳ۡ
˶Ĵģжʱûжע⣬ʦı棬ĵطһӰŵ棬ԼٶȣűӶȥ
ɹˣ
ӹһâһ۾ʦķ򣬳һ
ʱ˿̣Ũҵ˼㣬ǳ˰ɿ⣬һ㶼о֮ڣۿ壬Էֲˡ
ǡѪã
ˣ廹ǲ˿⡣


ڶǧʮ ֮ɽ
Ѫֻ죬ұ뾡ٶҵƬص׵̥Σʱһͱ뷵ءңҳòھʦʱˣ»ǻᱻ˷ֶߣ
а
뿪ʱѾ˳ֵİţùװԼʱʱĳ¶һҪõס̫ʼܡ
Ｔ벻˾ʦҲһİ취̽ʵ
ʱ䲢ûеô֡
ಣ
âһԼʮ֮ٲɣȼգʩչӰħ˲ʧ֮УԾ˵ٶȳűȥ
ʱ˿̣½ߣֻаɣҲѿ塣
ٶȺܿ죬Ӱħ֮Ҫǹ޷Ȼ˲ʲôһʶɨգȴʼûܷ塣
֮⣬Ѿɹգеʱȫŵˡ̥ϡ
ʱ仺ȥݴأһƬƽ
֮УλΡʱʱĳ֣̫ʼ棬ȻʼûκεĲ
Լ֮󣬾ʦͱ֮ͥ䣬һΪƶĵش
һɽΡȻͦΣֺƴ絶أɽ֮УɭܲһּΪԭʼĸо
ɽȻ׳ۣһֱ죬ƼΪΰǾݸأ컯棬ɽҲ
ϸȥͻ֣ᷢȻɽ֮дУɽλãľڸ£һƬģɺɫɽʯɵĹʯ֡
ǹʯֲ·ҲĵȼյĻ棬Կ
֮ɽ
ǱͥǱ߸֣
ЩɽȻɽдУΪɽŹʯ᾵Եʣս޷ˣԼڴƺͺǱߣû⡣
ĵصҲǳƫƧǶǨ飬Ǹʲôľ̻˾
ȥң
ƬȺɽֶȡú⡣
ʵϣֶûж֪Ϊûȥע⡣
ȴ֪ĩʱƬȺɽȴΪʯᾣֲͬʱʯ͸ڣͬԭ򣬻һ֣֮ɽ
ĩʱһǱһ۾ӵ㣬ֻǺϳ˶ѡ
ˣ
ɽ£ϰϰ忴ЩɽµĹʯͷ裬ȴ¶һ˿Цݣ
ҵ˺ɽҲҵ̥ˣ
䣡
û˿ԥڵִɽͬʱһӴģԽľƿնķ漴صĺصףˮŵص̽ȥ
ɽķΧǳӴ󣬸ǷΧ߰ʮ
岢ûвμӵǳսҲֻ֪̥ںɽصףλò֪
ңӲ裬Ҫ̥̽λãֻо
ˣ
ľ̽صףĿصһƬڰһɣɣɡľһ̶̵ֱֻ̽ʱ䣬ӹǧɵľ롣
мʯ֮󣬱ǴƬƬȻһļʯȦ
һȦ岢ûκķ֡
ǲҪ̽
ĿһӴ˾
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬뵽˵ص׶ǧɵľ롣
£ǻҲˣ
а
Ѱߣ˹עصףȴڵµĽṹָƣ£Ͳ̫ȫǼӲʯ
ȻƬ֮󣬵ص·һӲʯĸ֪С
ľ͸ܵһЩ谭˲٣ɼ졣
ǧɣ
ǧɣ
ǧɣ

һƬڰһ
ǧɣ
رѾǽӽˣҪ˵޶ȣ΢ǿߣҲȱ֢״
ޣ̽һ£
üͷ΢壬ͺһ
䣡
һХ廳öͻȻһ£漴һɰľХţͬһ㣬ƿն˵ص
ɣ
ֻһ˲䣬޵ľﵽ˵ص׶ɵľ룬൱׵ȡ
ȣúܶ˾
չֳʵǺޱȡ
ľȻǿԶʤͬˣǺһȣС׼ףСޱȡ
޵ʵ
ô
幵ͨ޵ľʵ
ˣʲôûУһƬڰֻʯͷ
Ƭ֮޵ܿԺͬһʱ䣬ǰһ䣬޵һ˲俴˵ص׶龰
˵һƬڰȫܵʯ
ҺӴʯͬʯܶҪ࣬Ȼ޵ľѹصﷶΧҪ˺ɽķΧûпص̥Ӱ
ô£Ȼôûп̥Ӱ
üͷԽĽˡ
ȵһ£ʵؿ̽һ¡
֮ǰҲйģ̥᲻ĳʱĳǿǰ֣ӶԼһ

ϱӣĩʱʱҲ̥ǿҵΪʲôôʱ䶼û˷֣һֱĩע⣿
Ǵʱ˿̣̽鵽صɶûз̥ʱ֪Ǿ̥Լеô򵥡
٣ûԼеֻҪҵص㣬Ϳֿɵã
΢ȴɱ侲
ܣڵû̥
ֻһ֮ı̫̥࣬ҲܵӰ죬ڴ˵ˣ
һ֣̥صĵص㣬ڸĵص㣬˾ͿԽͣΪʲô̥ôǿĴڣһֱû֪
΢ͷ裬ӹһһͷ
̥ƻжԸ̫ʼԼ֯ǿԲʧѾûжʱȥˡ
ʷı䣬ΪԵʣ̥ʧǽĽ̥ڸĵط
嶼оɣף൱һٶʮˣ
ôľ룬Ҳﵽޣ£޵Ҳ
ʱһάȵľأ
̥棬Ҳ˶ɵľ룬޵ʵҲ̽鵽
൱һεǵ
ޣһ֮취ҵ̥

ò׿֮ʯѪ̫ʼִôȥֶأǵڴӴ˳׵Ļ̫ʼԼ֯Ӱ֮С
ҲζţѾʧˡ
޷ܵġ
ˣ
һ̣˫Ŀһϣ˲ʩչ˴Ӵ˾ѧ
Ԫ񣡡
һ̣˫ֽӡԺһɫģ޴ϵķģеľҲ֮Ϊʵʣ·ǵϷһڶһ㡣
֪˶ãһصģޣ·̺
d
Ժйâ˸ͬһʱ䣬Լ·ĳĳּĳһһݣ˲Ϣ䣬һŽɫ֮ɢɵĹ⻪Ժѳ
ѾǾˣ
ʵ
ͷŽɫĹâţͬһС̫


ڶǧʮ Ϲ̥
Ȼȫ̽˴˾ķ䣬šԪ֮Ҳǵһʩչ
Ԫ𣿡
а
壬ۣΪԪĸܷǳأգܿ·ġԼҲûлΡ
ϸĹ۲죬Ҳᵽһ㡣
Ԫ񡱾ǽĳ̶ȵѹʹⲿֵ߱塱ʣ֮󣬿֮Ρ
˾ļҲ˵ף
Ԫֻһֶʱľ֮̽ȻԲƣȴǺơ
Ԫ뿪ʱ䣬ܳʱͻᷴ亦ɼ˺
ʱ㹻
УйâһһΣʱһǣԾ˵ٶû£ʧ١

ûԪٶֱʮ౶ĳ̶ֳ޻Ҫöֻ࣬һգۣͳ֮ǰɵľ룬ɵĵһ͸
Ҳ֮󣬾Ҳ㣬£ʯԽԽӲܡ
ԼƬ֮һо¿ʼһЩͬѰĲ
ǵشŲ㣡
а
˼Ӳʯһǿųų鲼أܹӰ˵ľʶǣСģʧãã޾ĵش֮С
ȥ
ûйԥйâһΪһⴳ˵شŲС
شŲ㣬ԳӣûʵԪ˵ҲôɣڤڤУָоЩˮ֮дУӾһ㣬ʱ˿̣ѾǾɣʮףʮ
£ﵽ΢Ҳѽ뵽ңԶĴ
ֵطǸûκοģĽ
ӵԪ֮߸ѵִ
ûУ̥
һ·ǰУִңԶĵ£Χûп̥ټһ̣Ҳԥˡ
ôһɲǣʼɣǲǳ˵һΪԼĳ֣̥Ѿˣֻ̥ϱԼõϢҲ˲
ЩͷԺзӶֻһ˲䣬ͻع
̽飬ɻ̥ټ¾Ĳˣ
а
ܵشŵӰ죬ԪٶѾɾʮףǷ̽鵽嶼뿪
Ԫֻܹʱҿǵصʱ䣬һﵽɣǷã嶼أ룡
ɣɣ
ڣҪϣʱ򣬵صͻȻһǿԪϢǿң΢ǿ߶оһɷ籩Ŀֲѹ
ֹˣⰵյĵصԭһƬһɲǣȻ˾ҵĺ·ˮڵ±ӿһ㣬ͬһʱ䣬Ҳӵصϯ
صҽ
оɹдϲԺ֮иͻȻඥ
ĩĴ˵֮У̥ǰųҵĵصҽһֵģֻûЩҽȻǴңԶĵӿ
ɣ
ʮ
ôĵصףҽѹɫ󶼱ýȻͬ
ǳ
Ժһͷ
ҽԼʦа˵󣬼ƻһ˻˵󲿷һ֮п¶
ʵֲֳˣֻм͵ĸʣŻһֳر֪
ɵĵصףѹӴ󣬿µǾ̥ҲǱӴĳصףŻؼգ
а
һѾˣ̥ȻֻԵɺϣҲֲ̥һֱûб˷֡
һ̣ûκԥһΣŸӦܼĵطȥ
䣡
صصף˲䴳һƬ˹ɫĵصС
ȣ
循ȵ
ͨҽܶԪӰ죬һ̣оԼľ֮ǰٶġ
Ȼͨҽ
ٶȣԼԪʱҪ˶ãԼ͵÷ˡ
ץʱ䣬ٳųжȥ
صµ磬ǵص׺ʽڡ
ɡɡһǧ˰ɡ
¡
һ춯صĺͻȻӶдһӦҵǾĩʱսΪ֮Ŀѣԣڶ̾ϢϹ̥
˼飡
Ӹ£ŵص׳ǵ޴Уľ޴̥𺳲ѡ
˵ǰǽ嶼ǵһοŵľ޴̥
̥Χâɣһ㼦Ӱ㣬ֱٳߵʹâڲǾ̥
˵̥̥Ѿȫɵһ
ĽǶȥǾ̥ɫףɶ࣬൱˵ߣ̥ڲǿģŵԭʼжϣҪԽ΢
ȻѾ漶ķΧˡ
ֹˣԪ״̬֪ؼ䣬عһܼ˿ķʽ͸գȫϹ̥ϡ
ҪǣϹ̥ϸܲκԵ͹ʵϢ

һ߻ȻɣΣǿǿ̥
Ϣܹɹɷ˲ܳ΢Լʵ
컯治ѣȸȻ߱ħԻƵϹ̥㲻˼ڣ
һ̣Դ˵еϹ̥Ҳ̲ס̾ѡ
Ϲ̥
еĿˣ
ܹɹõ̥̥ǲ˼츳ֻͨҪԼһȥ֮ܽѸֱƶ쾳
ڶʱͻƿֱӽ붴쾳δֱӻöԿ̫ʼӴʵ
̥ҲҲòżɵ̫ʼֻҪ족ͲʦȫԻΪȥԿ֯ˡ
ˣ
һԪŵص׵ľ޴̥ȥ
һ̣ھ̥ɵĵطͻȻһǿҵΣдӿ
Σգ
һݣͣ
Χյģ˻ӿĳңĿɨһȦǶǰϹ̥⣬״缦ӵϡ
ĵرΧػи̬ķϹ̥ͬСɣҲضĳΣյĽơ
ˣ
ĬƬ̣һͻȻӡԪ֮зֳһɾǰȥ
֮ݣ
Ǿ򵥵ĹʽȻǾȴʵʣڵľǿȣһ֮ݾԿ׽һӲʯײ촷ۡ
飡
ľ֮ݿ׻𣬽ֻһɲǣصĺϹ̥ļӻϡ


ڶǧʮ ȡ̥
ײɲǣֻоһǿҵ谭ͬһһ㣬Ĵ͸ԻǷЧֻһ˲ľ֮ݾＷ˽ȥ
һ̣һֹŹֵĸоӿ
䣡
ͷ·ͱһֺһ緢Ļɽһ㣬¡¡һ̣һɻصɽХ˳ġ֮Ծ˵ٶȱ
ֹˣϹ̥Χʴ⣬ԭһƬƽ״ӣһ𶯣ͻȻֳתطģЩһزƣγһ޴ĽɫĽƷ󣬰ס̥
ǹɰЩƷȻġ
һɲǼ䣬ص𵴣̥ڲΪ֮ɫĿֲǵأϯֲֿΣոҲ˲䱩ǰٱ

ѾΣˣϢ
ɣϹ̥ػƻУԼԪضᵱҲٷˡ
䣡
һķӦ쵽˼㣬ڽ˲䣬ԪأѸŵرķȥ
¡¡һҵıըǿֲĻǲԪԺ֮ԭڵλá
ΧǴﵽ˾˵ĵز
գ
ٳ߿⣬֪һĻҲ㬣Լǰ֪ΣգͣѾԪˡ
鷳ˣ
̥ķ΢΢üͷд˷
Ϲ̥ߣҪɹȡȴ죬̥ƱֳԽôңԶĵصף²ܶʩչ
ʱ仺ţڵصףһԺд˷˲Ϣͷ
صףϹ̥ıըҲƽϢ
ر̫ңԶĸոյıը˵ע⡣
֪˶á
ֻˣ
ѸٻعͷԪѸٳŵر۷ȥͬһʱ䣬Ҳ͸ؿռ䣬ƾԪ֮ϵԺ
ޣиƻҪİҴԪ֮һһ֮
һа׵Ԫ֮ܿȥ
ֻһΣ岻֮ǰһԪ񡱳ƬصɵһɽҲһʵʵ壬޵ġԪ񡱡
޵ľ廹ҪǿĶ࣬Ϊԭ崫Ԫ֮ЧЩȶҲôá
ǵҸ˵𣿡
ص۽֮У·Ϲ̥ͻȻڵ
ţ˷ģһȫˡ
޵Ĳ
Ȼ֪Ǵɽ߸׼ȷ˵ԯʥļ̳ˣأĹɿ
һ׼׵Ƭ֮չж
ণ
޶Хһ·һ׵磬ȱŵص׵Ϲ̥ȥֻƬ̣һ¡¡ľ죬Ϲ̥Ľٴα
Ϊ̥ƵΪᣬ޵ĹҪҵĶ࣬ͬըҲҪǿҵĶࡣ
һֲĽӿȣ˰㣬صף¡¡Ĵڶ
޵Ĺ£һطγɵģݺύһĽƽʱٴ֡
ڣ
йâһһɲǣԪɽ֮У˲仯Ϊһ磬˷ըɲǣԾ˵ٶڵص׻һ޴ĻΣѸٴһ˽ȥ
䣡
Ĵɽһ֧˲زϹ̥Ľɹϣγɵġοյϡ
һ»ᱻ˲䵯ɣǽ޵ɹ¶ֱɽĽⲿ־Ȼ͸˽Χ뵽˽ڲ
ɹˣ
ϲڴɽ͸ȥɲǣġԪ񡱴ӽⲿַɶݶƾһǧѷĻᣬɹԽ뵽ʴڲ
¡
ֻʮ֮һɲǣϹ̥ĽƱ޴ıը˽ɽԶԶɳȥһ࣬һжѾûκεӰˡ
һգۣԪ㸽ĵϹ̥ϣ
ˮ
Ż
ԪڽӴϹ̥ɲǵĸܡ
ΧĶǵĽͬӴϹ̥ɲǣоһŻ
Ϲ̥ڣûһ˿һ谭ÿһÿһѨϣÿһ񾭶ͨͨ򿪵ģֻҪκ˶׵ĵõϹ̥
һİֽ
Ӵ
֪ľϹ̥ɽ纣ޱߵһԭʼıأڴ֮ǰ˵ãû֪Ĵڡ
һ̣оһɾΥ˷ܡ
Ϲ̥ĻҪǿԿԴﵽԼﵽĿġ
ˣ
ֻһ˲ԪУ뵽Ϲ̥Ժ֮Уͬһʱ䣬Ԫɢˮһ㣬ȫطֱӿʼ˶̥
ص磬âһԭŭ۽˲ƽǿֲһΣޱȵһƽ磬Ҳȥ
ص磬һƬ
ɹˣ
һĻһ࣬޵Ԫŵص׵̥һ
ʱ仺ȥ֪˶ãˣһĲϹ̥ΪģѸɢ
ͬһʱ䣬Ϲֱ̥ٳߵʴ⣬·ܵĳѸʴӿȵҲع鵽Ϲ̥ڡ
ˣ
âһһʴûڣϹ̥ԭһƬհ׵ͻȻ֮˱仯Ѹٸֳüë۾ӣ͵٣Ѹݻһ
ϸȥͻ֣ᷢģ쳣ӣȻһģһ
ɹˣ
ڳȵĳ֮УϹ̥Ϊһ壬
˷ܣϲã
һǰδеǿоӿͷ
һӴ󡢿ֲԭʼ
ˣ
Ϲָ̥һǿڳ֮һɽХһ㡣
䣡
ֱһ𣬰ӿϹ̥ǰǧɵĳһͨ
ǿһȭѾڽվԳˣ
忴Լȭͷϲޱȡ
Ϲֹ̥츳ڣѾﵽĵز廹ֻûнԭʼתɸǿĹѧѾнӽ΢Ϊˡ
Ϲ̥ڵȫתضܹһﵽӾ˵Ϊ
Ϲ̥
а
ˣ
һ̣һϹ̥ߵСɱɣһɣһС
С⣡
Ϲ̥˲仯ɣӴ󣬵Ҳһ޶СͨͿ޷ﵽġ
ԳϹ̥岢ûֹͣǼϹ̥


ڶǧʮ ֣ⷢ̥
âһһܵĳˮ˷ֿϹ̥˲ʧԭأ뵽ϷҲ֮С
ҲӲӴѹ£ļΪܣҲƾɽķųɹġ
ȻϹ̥뵽ҲķΧһ̣һɵĹ⻪Ө͸Ϲ̥ɢâ֮ԭӲҲ㣬ʱˮϹ̥ˮɳ۳ң˿
ݣ
˵Ҷݣ
Ϲ̥عҲо߱ĳЩ˼֮һ
ǲ˼飡
ȻҲڻƲϼʶƵϹ̥ϵͨҪȻƲǿĶ࣡

âһʱֻصԭλá
ٶҲеĿ죬һûʹκεٶȣѾҪҵСնˣ
ԶԶûӦĹϣϹ̥һʵǿҲֻǷӳ߳ɡ
Ƭ̣ı⣬Ѹٿʼ
ȴӴ컯ʼɣ
ĵΪ˽һǿʵӵ£ͱ絶ĵһ㡣
Χܿ찲Ŀȴӿһɹɳȵĺ˷ӿתһĺ
䣡
̶̵ֻʱ䣬һһֹâһ£һգѸٸҼͷҫգ̺Ӵޱȡ
³֣ŷһǿֻգ֮䣬Բڣص׵ĳѸʯеȫӿ뵽Ϲ̥ڡ
컯
ǰֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Ϲ̥ͳɹĽаһ˴ɵľ硣
еЩƿϹ̥˵ͷ·ȫһ
̫ǿˣƾֻҪһʱ䣬һԶԿǸ̫ʼ
ĿѩϹ̥ϣ忴һ޵Ŀܡ
̥Ŀǰʵֻ΢߽ףͬģ̥ӳҲһɣδеǱھ̥ɳʲôز嶼֪
ûȥˣ
Ϲ̥Ѿ֣ĿѾɣһҪϹ̥һ𷵻ص档
ҲʱһĸоͻȻд
ף
üͷһдΪ⣬һǣƺɴ컯֮Ϲ̥ͻȻо˵ص׸Ϣ
ϢΪޣҪǣоϢϹ̥ϢϵͬԴ֮䣬ĳϵ
䣡
û˿ԥһľӿѸŵص׸ӦϢȥ
߷ӵһ壬ѾֻǾԪʽˡ
Ƭ̣Ϲ̥·ǧɵĵطڷϢ
ǡ
ɲǣ嶸ıɫ
һ̣âһ˲ʧԭأٳʱѾǧɵĸ
̥
һ̥
ǰ̥Ĳš
ǰصȻ̥һɫһɫ졣
ôܣ
Ŷ̥д˷ʱɲ
û˵ɽĵص̥ǵսңʱҲ˵̥
ǰһѾȫ֪
ѵ֣籾Դ⵽ƻ̣ص׵ĳԵɺ£ֻһ̥̥Ȼڵصףûܹգ
а
˼ȥȻо˼飬ⷴܵĴ𰸡
̥нƱ̥ĽȻϢǡһ̥ͨǱ˴֮ϵӦǣµ̥κ˷֡
ߣãҵİվ͸ˣ
ȻЩ⣬ȴû̫ɣһ̣û˿ɣƣҲɹĽһһ죬̥һ
䣡
һ֮ԥѸٴϹ̥Ƶضӹؿռ䣬ŵرȥ
ʱ仺ȥʱյΪõ̥֮ҪĻûκ˿Է֡
̥ȻӴ죬֮ⶼܷ֣ڵΪ󷴶κϢй˵̥ӵϢص
֮󡪡
䣡
ҹʱ֣ڿնͬʱٿ̥ھʦĽϿһСڡ
С̥ҡ룬ڡѪʧЧ֮ǰڳɹؾʦûκ˵ע⡣
ˣ
һ࣬һӰƾո֣У̫ʼʲôعλãƳһۣվʲôҲûз֡
һΣٴʧҹɫ֮С
̥鼫Ϊأƶ쾳֮ǰ岢κ֪
ŵһ̥ݵ彫̥ȫ뵽ĵصףĵĬĬ
̥ȫûӴߵȼԾܴڵ£ҲûκӰ졣
ʱ仺ȥǰɽѰ̥һӰûκ֪
书ȫ쾳ʱ򣬴Ƶ۹ĳϣҲһЩ춯
֮ѾΪ»ʣȫӹ˳õ࣬ڼλ֮󣬵һټ塣
ڻʹһУƻͨһͷʹڣϷ
ô̵ʱ䣬ѾȫӦԼĽɫԳһɳ졢أԼۻʵİͬʱɢһɳȡϢڵǸ۵̫࣬Ѿȫˡ
ڴԣ³̫ʦ̫̽Ԫáͬ޴󽫾˼̫ٱáĴبԼҦȫüһãΨԭָ
ʥһһ࣬۸Ǹָ»ʱѾȫʧơ
ָˣ˼ʮʥ䣬λ¡࣬ҲҲزס
ڵ֮࣬ԻûзϵȫǿڸոյǻټȻʵûô
ָǱߣҲ֪ȥΣ඼ΨһģǲԲ˵ᣬס
뱲ӵ˼άԼλ޷вλѾȫڡ
λϢǶѾˣ
ʱһϵ𣬴ϣڿ˵ˡ
̬ϣĿ
ɽ˰ػģʢȻ죬ҵȻԼȺ棬а󣬵ȡֱﲻڲ£ΨɽΣ˵ҳӣ޶ɱ֮

³ΪĹϵ֪֮⣬ԣٿһЩռܾڣһüͷ
ʢ磬ɽƾŶδݣΪʢ統֮ҫǣְɵģ͢кܶ󳼶һȤСһࡣ
ôûΪɽǸв
еȴȫˡ


ڶǧʮ ԰ɽ֮ߣ
ثУݾȻҲӷͣ˽ǮңվЩ˼ɣϻҪһиƣ̫ʷ
ǵ˰ɽУȫ޼ɵˡ
ֹˣջϢݾڶбֹݱձ߽شĺˣͻˣ˺ˡ
ڵݣɽѾۼʮϣȴԳֻ͢
⣬ɽݻ˽ĿǰֵģѾʮ;е⣬ÿеΧдأص˸޷׿
ΪռЩϢѾ˺üˡ
ΪֹɽڴӸ½չģʮ֮ǰѾԶԶԽ
ּһѾԵķˣ
£ɽǲԸ뾩𣿡
ʱ򣬴ϣ̫ʦˡ
üͷ΢壬˼ɽǶĴ󶼻ǵ۹سһ¹δ󹦣鳾䶨иһ֤֮ǰ̫ʦǱŷǳ̬ȡ
ţ
̫ʦĻɫ΢䣬üӹһ˿ɫ
ҳӣԸ߾Ϊڣܲ뾩֮ǰƫƫ¡󹦡޶û취
˵¶ŭɫ
»ʵǻλ죬۹س뼯ʦףҪһ̣ΨаɽԶи߾۹Ҫ߾Ϊɣܲ뾩
֪ɽзģҲ֪ݺثֻҪɽʼչݣԨĺ͸߾ΪڣҪԸҲû˿İ취
£΢Ϊڰɽؿİ󶼻֮λ͵󣬳Ϊ۹֮δᣬûг׼֮ǰ׻Ϊ
һʮ㣬Ȼ˶𣬱³ǰһŴϵһȻ̧ͷɨһۣն
³ųƵ۹ͻȻ˳ã˾ʦڸֳ¼нС΢Ҷ˵ʲô࣬ھϣλ۹ͻǱлȡս׻֡
õķأ
ʥһ佫ǹͬе
³ˣ
ɣɽҪȴַʽ
ʱһϴ͸һԨѧʶھ벻Զĵطް߰׵̫Ҳüͷ˵ˣ
ɽҳӣػģԿ޼ɵôɣʾʥȴôɡνʦԸɽҲóóȻĹ
ܰɽʲôˣˣ˵Ǵ˵Ĵ󽫾ػߣд󹦣󶼻λãҲȻԲģóȻĽݣɱġ۹ֻ»ĺ
黹ӳ飡
̫ĻʱȻһ
̫ʦ̫ǵ¸֮Ⱥ֮ӵмӰ죬Ҫǣⷬǹ֮ԣ氲ɽ˵
ر̫һϯ³ɫһϣ¶˳ɵɫ
ɽսթ󶼻λʥ⣬֪ʵ
Ÿոյǻ̳лλʥԲĵ۹֣»ָܵΪʥʣΪТ
ιͬʱҲТιʧȥТҲ͵ʧȥ˼̳лλͳԣ
಻òǵġ
ô
üͷ壬˼صʱͻȻˣĿȴ˶塣
һ仰ʱ˵ע˹ȥ̫ʦ̫ˡ
ǴƵĹĵһȻصĴ󳼣ڵ»ѡ
ʣڳҰӵо޴ӰпֱӸݺͰɽ
һ̫ʦ̫ܺӣ
̫ʦ̫ûе
Ԥϣ̧ͷһ࣬һ仰Ȼ̫ͬʦ̫
ҪԸɽҲûбҪŪô鷳ݱڲ壡
̫ʦ̫ԭΪվԼһߣһ仰ɵסˣҲ֪嵽ʲô
Ҳûӣɫݣƺ֪ʲô˵ȥ
ɽȻԨĺ͸߾Ϊܱ£ǱֻҪץסһ㣬Ԩĺ͸߾Դƶв׼ַ߾۹ʱٵ뽣ݾˣ
Ļһסˣ³ȴ¶һ˿Цݡ
Ǿ֪һа취

ûа취ֱӶ԰ɽ֣ǾͱݣͬԸ߾Ϊڣ
һ࣬˶
±ݣʱɽֻѡ񣬵һ֣˳ӱ£ֱ鳯͢˵ݱԸȫϱ£뷽跨ɻȥֻҪҲİѱȻκβ
Ŀ䣬ޱȣһѿ͸һеĸо
ɽ˽Ǯңձоед԰һ˲ѵܲǧ⣬ЩʮƵıأ
ֻҪ鵽еһɽѾˣ
ﾲĵģ˶塣
֪飬ֻе飬ǰǰ͸͸ˡ
˳ᢣʤǧ屻Ϊһս񣬾˵
£ʮݣݴΣܰɽʲôܣأܱߵͻʺɣ͸߾۹ҲôӴıŵԼڣɽҲðôķգط
˵һ䣬ӹһ˿ĺâ
ɽǱ¾ûбҪˣ
ﾲĵģ˶ո˵Ƿ̫ʦ̫òϣķ򵥵ȴЧ
ܰɽǽˣ󶼻뼫䱻ĵز·ӡ
̫ˣô
ϣͻȻڵ
⡭ȻϷǾЩ̫׵˵ģɽȷʵ˷⣬˵ļƲߣʧΪһ취
̫Ƭ̣ͬİ취
һԣ̫ʦҲ˵ͷ
̫ʦҲĳϳˣʥ䣬̫ʦͽܶҲˣ֮ĹϵҲ֮ǰôжԡ
أ
˵ڵˡ
ɽȡʵʮ⣬΢ͬļƲߣԸΪȷ棡
΢ûֻҪһ£΢Ըʴǰ
ͬԸӱµǲ
΢Ը⸨£ȫƽ֮ң
ڣ˷׷׵
ܺã
˵ͷбŷһ˵Ĺâ
̫ˣ㼴ټѡһϭģַԨĺ͸߾۹
ֻ֮䣬˾ϣʾһУɱ緶


ڶǧʮ ֡߾ϭģ
ϳּ
̫
ִƳõʱ̣¶ʥʵź̫̫ʦϳΪأͬʱҲΪϣϡܿʥʵĳΡ
ڿʼַݰɽ飬޽ȫȨ
Ŀһ䣬ϣУϣ಻Զзܵһεǣƿն壬ǰĵϡ
з
֮ǰ޴˵бʥʵ֮רŴһѴʵ۵Ȩ֮
д˽ӵвֻʵ۲еȨޡ
з㣬޴նȨн죬۹󽫣󶼻Լڣȫƣ

΢ּ
幪һͨⷽѾ׸ԡ
ȫΥն

ּ
˷׷׹
ڵѲյ̫ˣĳЩ棬ʥȫŹ֮ͨ
־ϸһһƾ֮Ҫʹ˽
֮󣬽ֻǼʱһַ߾۹ԨĵĹϭı֮¡
Թŵ£йĵңĵҾԷйδĵҾйҲ̫ڻʵʵ֮ʩӺڣƩ¶԰˻֮費
߾СԱ뺷սӶɷ磬̫ڻʵʱڣƶ񤣬䲻ףûַȻĵη£߾С֪˻䱾¾ʱοܱߣ˳ɵ۹֮
ΪӣȨڣеƽ߾Ϊƽ
Ϊӣگ£º󣬵ټٽԨģ߾۹ʾ֮
ַϭĴһƬ𶯡
⻹Ϊ»ʵǻ֮󣬵һη˴ģگ
ַϭ飬ټڶĵ۹󽫣ô⽫һʷǰĴս
ԴӴʳ۹֮½ػû˿ԵֵƵ۹˴ģľж

ˣ
ңԶĶ֮ϣ߾۹֮Уһֻ͸Žȭ𣬺ݺݵϣԨıǱ־Եѳɫޱȡ
ɽǸиˣ
һ̣Ԩļֱǻðɡ
ɽǳ鷳ȴ˵ơ
ɽˣ¶ĺǳϷԨľѾʧˡ
Щսȥʿǰˡ
û뵽ɽ֮󣬴Ƶ۹˶ơ
Ǿ֮飬ܵȴƫƫԨģֱд
Ԩҧгݣָһ٣ȻӲĴӸϣһ
ԨķŭеĹŮ׷׵ͷ
£ô죿
ϷԣƵƪϭģ٣Ҳʲôڹ֮󣬾Ѿǰ϶ʵĸ֮󣬴ƱضݣԸǸ߾۹
һŨܵĸ߾佫ǲ
ǰ߾۹ƾųǸǽټңԶʦԶʧܵĸʼ󣬸ѴƵв¡
Ƶ۹ʳ֮Ѿûôˡ
߾۹ԶܱȴʳԶ
ǽٺ񣬻ܱȺɺ
ʳ۹ķһ㶼ȸ߾뺷ʵҪԶʤ߾
£߾۹ôնҪʳĺ󳾡
ĸ佫ĻԨĵɫԽѿˡ
ҪԸ߾£ʵϣҲǵһ˵ֻˣثУ˫֮һֱǵս
ǣݾʦ̽ӴϢΪͳ˧ַ߾ģǡǡ½ηĴս塣
ԨĴûкֻҪ˵սзˡ
ǾжֵجΣõĽԶҪ
дһŸУ
Щ쵰е鷳ǳģǣΣǶҪһ
˵Ԩպ޲ѡ
ǣ£
ĸ佫
Ȼһ̣ûĸ佫ȥ׫дţһƿС
ԨɫһһֻԴжĺɫŸƴ룬µĸ佫ʶǰסŸ룬ż㣬ݸԼ
쵰
ԨֻǿһۣĻеżݺݵ˺飬ڵϣضǡ
ԨĻûдʣңӶݵĸоѾǰԤϵˣдһŹ
ŵݷǳ򵥣ֻһ˵Ԩ԰꣬Ҫʦ߾ͱ뾭ݣΣڶΪԨĺ͸߾۹ǰһƺͳǽ
ɽڱؽվڸ߾һ࣬ǲս
ɽǳ鷳ˮ͸߾󣬸Ҫ찲ɽ͸е飬ллǰԼ
д

ͬʱХں͸߾һ֮ĵطɽԼҲͬۼһ
ôԨǱʲôӦ
ɽͷ
ûʲô޷ǷЩƢˡ
̫ʦУһƾɵ趯鿴
صԨھ֮ޣӦֿʼѾû·ˡ׼ȷ˵߾۹λþѾעû·ǷϭһǽϾ·ֻǵսϡ
һ˵⵹Ҳδزһ£
е
Ԩͷǵޣʱʱ̶̿ŷɣ˶ԨǾ˵ģǲô룬ʼձвݵסߴ磬εƿ
Ԩĺİ߾ӣĳ̶ֳϣˡ
ǣʦǱô죿ǵֻĸµʱ䣡
еĻɽȴ㶼˲
ǷַϭģǳŸ߾۹Ԩȥģ˶֪ʦλոյǻ»ʣǼٵ뽣֮ⲻھƣĿǸ߾ɽԼˡ
Ƿϭģ˵һľ޴
ֻҪһ㲻ɽ͸ɲ
˲Ͱ˶Ĭ
ʵӦ̫ʼһһĻǿԤˣһֻԤĶʵˡңδҪ£ҪһĻô޷ӱܵġ
пڵ
̫ˣ
ɽ˵е뷨
Щʵͷˣǰɽ⣬ݵرɭϳ̶ȣķֻɽûռٱˣЩܲ̽ôʵ
νңб˽еȫǰɽ̫ʼȥġ
ԭ̫ʼ˼Ҫɽھ;죬췴ǱɽܾеķϾֻǰֻҪЩϢй¶»ʾ͹ˣò죬ֱ췴
ɽȷʵҪ췴Ҫԭһͳ£һ׼׵֮
ʥʲŸոȥãܶණû̸׵رǰɽûг׵˵ͻʺɺͻʺگԼ
ǰ£ƾڣֿܵʦ
˵λսڶţ
ھ췴ʵ̫
ֻ̫ʼڻΥģֹľ档


ڶǧʮһ ʮ
ľѳۣҲֻˣ
гĬƬ̺
Ȼ򶨣ǴƵƪϭֲͬԭΪϢй¶ȥ漰ƳҪۺܾòŻΪ˱䶯Ƶ۹ڲѣƾô֡
ֻǸе͹λ»ʣֶ֮ң֮ԶԶ˸еԤڡ
λ»ʾԲǸеѰӣ
ԣƾûôУӦٶҲ̫ˣڱָȫٳɴ£
ţԺѸٸֳһ
壡
λ͵Ƶ۹ѣ˵λģҪ˵һжһ˵ľϣоţ
ȻжϳģǷϭġ
ɽǴƵĹ
ҲȷʵҶ֣
Ƿϭȴƹһ㣬ʹø֮ǰȫɿա
ȷʵ̫ˣĸ£ѾݴͷϵĽ䣬Ѹ˱ʵϣѾԸоˡ
治
а
ΪһϭľܱѪеĶԸδ̫ˡ
ż
ǵģǱٽѣ̬ȶѣǸҲиԵ˼Ϊü̫ʼˡһָоضа취ԴԸĸԸͶ
гƬ̣ͻȻڵ
˵̫ʼеӹһ˿ѩĹâ̫ʼģȻҲҪǵС
̫ʼ˵ӦýսӦ¶вأиͲס
ЩٹأҲ鲻ǰϣ˵ǴӲ磬ôܣ
ио̫ʼЩ˶ĸ棬Ѿﵽָĵز
Ĭ˵Ŀ׷ɽ
߿ϵ̫ʼˣҲֻˡ
ã
ɽƬ̣ڵ

ҲܶηӦǷַϭ֮󣬴Ӵսȫת
ƹǿʢ¹ϣʥʱС󾫲ࡱ°ոɵԭļıֻ࣬ʮ򣬶ڹģʮ֮һ
ǵУûôˡ
ǳ֮ʱ÷ǳ֮ߡ
ǵ˵ĻɽպǴĻ
಻֪Ϊ֮ߡ仰Ӱ죬Ȼǳ֮ӡУΪֹж϶ûд
ң˵ɽȡ֮ʵ
ǿԼЩ߸ƵҳӣӦ㾡ȫ׽𣬲һ˿һٴĻᡣ
·
壬ʥʱٻЩ˼ɣ֣ټ֮ս˹֮ս˹غͻʵϮţк֮սһһһһϾֶԸɽ
λûô˼ɡ
£ʷڣ˶Ѿͬ壬Լˡ
ӴսһηӳĿֲʵ
»ַϭĹ󲻾ã壬Ƶ۹չ˵һδģʮ򣬻Ҫ
ˣҪûн֮ͣϿ
˿ǧ忴ıԶֹʮ
һҲһƬڣ˷׷ӻԾӦ
ʮʮһƾһʮ
ĳ˴ģ˲ƣضҰ⼫󷴶ԣڸϡս̡䡱¶Ҷпܡ
һȴȫͬ
ûڸʹ˻ӦʷûԵУҲûһƬͬУ£޽С
ǷսȴЧʷϣҲֻõ
սް̣
֮ǰļսҲΪ۹˴ĲƸһݼ£ҲָıԴͷ
ڵ壬ѾֻǴƵս񣬶½ĵһսҲڵڡ
壬Ѿʮ侳ʿӵٶȣ޼⻹ûµҴ幱׵ʮһԭԤַˣ
⣬ۺ͸ص֮УʵҲԳ֣
֮У³̫ʦϣһڲ裬бڲϣڵ
Χ̫ٱáͬ޴󽫾˼̽ԪãڶеķŽԼҪԱȫۼ
ԴӹʥʵΪ£Լ߾۹ıԪ˧ƴб˽˵ĸۡѾ֮гΪƵġ
ҪԱڴˡ
εķӦеĻҪʢ󣬶ھλ˵֮ǰû뵽ģҲ˴Ϊܡ
ҲԣӲɽ磬ֻЩʿйؼĻ֮ѵ
ʱ̫ٱڿ˵ˡ
ⷽ洦ôˣ
忪ڵŤͷһԵķ̽Ԫá
Ԫòǵ۹󽫣ҲûôԺյĹͣڴ󽫼£ԪþڷŽе̳
ʵϣܹ̫͵볯֤̽͢Ԫõĵλ
үһжѾ׵ү֮ǰķԸѾӸ֮гײĸ߼١Щ֮У൱һָүϹս߲Ķս
ļЩپͿʱͶѵЩļʿӳһɡ
̽Ԫó
Ȼ塢³ôսξѵԼͳвٷż֮ҲļҪԭ
ܺã
΢΢˵ͷԪõӹɣͳټ߼ٵİӦ԰ļıĳѵ
ӥ
Ƭ̣ͻȻڵ
㴫ҵպɽ˴Ӹ³ǧоľٺʿ뵽ļӵѵȥ
ǣү
ӥ
⣬ٱˣǰ׼ˣ
忪ڵ
Ϊļͷ³̫ٱø
³Ҫӵļ̫ٱ𶫱һǰء
ļƻΪˡԸ߾ƽںӱݡݡݵشǧķΧ޽һͶԸ߾ǰغ͸⣬еݽ
ͬʱΪػЩݣƽǰɳʮرפǰأӦԿֵܳıʡ
ȻһжǶ˵ڲ˶ǰΪ˶Ըɽ


ڶǧʮ ǰأ
ɽԣѾۼʮ˱һɽͻȻѣʮˮ㣬ܹشԼӱ״ݻ١
ʱǰؽǶԸɽݱķ̣ͬʱҲ󷽶Կɽݡ
󣬽ƾʮԿ˰ɽԼʮݱһҪһ򣬲³ͬ޴󽫾˼ȻսȫԶһ棬ҪԿסɽԼʮݱԶԶ
۴ƣ֮⣬ܹһģҲֻһĴս̫ٱá
ñݹսս޲ʤ޲ˣаܼҪǣɽϤҲȫ޷Ԥϵõж
һѾ׼׵ʮ⼸ӦþͿԵִ
óƬ̣ܿ쿪ڵ
Ͷһޱߵƣ
Ѿ˳飬̫ٱְλ˳ᢣɱΪսѪʣôڲزסġ
ƺʣƽʱ򻹸оһ漰սǸʱ÷â¶絶ʣǿ⣬ȴȻȻ¶һĸо
ھϣûҪ³˼һء
õĻҲ΢΢˵ͷ
ʮڸǰصĴǴӸس漰ķǳ࣬ͳ﷽Ҳѹ񽻸ãԭΪҪ߰죬ʮſɡ
ʵϣգþѾһа׵ڵʮѾפݡһǰأʮ⼸Ҳϵ
Чʾ嶼е̾
ǱѾע⵽ˣɽǱߵķӦƺҪʦ壬פǰأͬʱڲ
֪ľƻǣɽִǰѣƾʮҲֵסҽıƻڽһЩʩԼһ㣬һҪС⣬Ҳ˽̫ԣԷɽԴΪڣǰأֱӽ
ö˶٣ŵ
ԣһаٱ˵˼һ֪ͨȫٱˣ
˵ͷ
Ȼ͢Ѿ¶ĶԸɽ֣׼֮ǰǲ˹̼ɽ
⣬ǰأɽǱʲôӦ
忪ڵ
Ǳµּ⣬ɽǱȻһֱҪȴҲΪµּټٱûǸӣҪеʲôǾ͵ͬ췴ֱӾͿʰ
ʱһӴ񣬺ȴ̫ٱãȻһƽ£վԶıϣ
λʥʱһ˸֥ļŽȴֻĴƼ£֮˶ȻһٰʮȵĴת䡣
»һ֮󣬸ǳϵĶƸΣ˻ĸ졣
ң
ﾲĵģ˶˳˼
˵ͷҺͱһֱڶţһʲôϱһ¶ôһ㷴ӦͻԥĽʰ
ĿǰΪֹ˻ǳãҲ֪ǲжɵڶûʲôľٶ
û˵¶˼ɫ
Ҳ˲䰲
ˣڣ壬ȴľ
һأ
Ѿû̫ϵʵƷԣѾȻȻĽ˴Ƶһ˵λá
˼ǰصľӻǲɽһ֧ҷӣ˶Ըˡ⼸վͳҹоݵǰأ
̧ͷбҷͬ޴󽫾˼
ǣү
˼ͷɫ𾴵
΢΢ף֮Һ˵Ĺϵ˺ܴĸı䡣
ǰ̫ٱа˼һͬѺ󣬶ںңӦݣΪǣѾԹһ̵ǣ尲ɽˡ
һ׵λľͷֶնɳ̣ϸһ飬ȷʵû̫©ȱݣŽľͷ顣
ȵ³뿪ȷݵľ岽Ͳԣֻܿʣӥ
ͺķǱл𣿡
Χûˣתܿӥ
ͺķɺ˵Ĵ󽫾ҲˣǺεҲû̫ĹϵȴƻеҪһ
ͺķ󽫾ѾţѾеİ˿֮·һƶ
ӥ
ͺķԼүŹĽ飬ͺķʶûΪʲôҲûпǹɺǷҪȥ򣬽ΪͺԥĹˡ
ӥǾЩǡ
ôˣʲô𣿡
ֻƳһۣ·͸ʲôϵĲ豭һڣ
ү⣬ֻǾãʳǱ߲ŸոƽûгȶҸ֥Ͱ˼˳λ󽫾ǱߣҲҪĸʱ᲻ᡭ
ӥû˵ȥ
˵ɣ׷ʲô
ֻǵȻһЦ²豭ƽ
ָ𣿡
ӥײԼʣԵɡ
ǣ
ӥҧҧϣջǵ˵ͷ
壬˵Ļ
үȨ㳯ҰֵñΣʷ治˵Ѿ΢ˡңʦĽ֮ѾЩԣ˵үɺԼʳگȸЩ岻ߵ̫ˡ
²ЩԵĴżȻʵǧ˿ƵĹϵȻ˶֪ڮ֮ԣµģվү
ӥȻ٣Ͼǰְ̲ϵһ㡣
νʱһʲôѾҪˣֻԼġ
Ͱͺķߵ̫ǲʵ֮ս廹ֱӵǶԸʳˣ֡ˡʵһֱǷɵġ
ָǿһ㣬Ÿ涯ֽš
ӥǵĻ岻˵Ǿ仰ֻǣӥվǲóѡ
ǣһλһ㶼ͣ
ȻһЦ¶һ˿ɫ
ָڳϵǰˣ˽£ԽĻԾ
嵹Ҳе뷨»ʵǻָλࡱʧƣ죬ָ˶ȨƿüأȻ޷̣˰еһжֵͷϡ
˽£ҲСϡ
˵һжֻǸѥɦָԽˣԽǻ»ʧƣԽǲϲ
һУҪģֻǱ۶ѡ


ڶǧʮ ˴صϢ
ͺķǱߣճУδܱҵĴʳߣҪİңֻҪҵĴʳ˾ʼɵ
ɣų˵ʳٴңҽٰ͸һΣջеʴȣǣ
˵һ䣬ӹһĨ˵ĺâ
ʳ뺷ɱսЩֻηǿľʲôʵ¡ʴȵ£ֻᵱߵľٶ
һֻʳˣĳʳ˳ҵʱ򣬽ڰ͸פ彫ԥνġ塱ʵ
ڵĴʳѾû˾޾ţҲû˹̫ף۹ѾûʲôԿ壡
ǣү
ӥܿ
壬ʵԶκ˶Ҫ𾴺ͳݣ
Щԣʱᣡ
嵭ȻһЦ
ڵľȫڶԸɽԼǳĩպƽϣνֵһЦֻֻ빦»ˣŻЩ¡
ңλ֮Ҳƶ֮
ҲܾôӥҲЩˣǵλָ۸ͽ֮һ´ȥţӦÿǵ˰һʱ䡣
忪ڵ
ǣȥ죡
ӥԣһ񣬴Ϊ˷ܡ
ְλƷԵҪ󣬻Ҫ
ν࣬Ϊһгİٹ֮ףһһĿµĵ¿ģƷпѾʧȥʸ
ְָ뱲Ӷڹ»棬Ȩ֮˵±ɱһҪܡ
ңȻ֮仹ǱȽϿƣֻ˵ǴһӥͲô
Ȼָ˳һǾͱʮˣ
ӥǾܵģ
κ˶Լү
õӥܿ뿪ˡ
ӥ뿪֮ɫһ࣬ϵЦݣʱҲȫȥ
ɣ
߲ͣڿյĴ֮л졣
ΧһƬžʲôҲûС
Ȼһ̣ΪһжĴʱ
̫ʼڰУ̫ٱǰһͲ̫ʼ𣿡
ʱһĮ˿飬ͻȻڴ
ˣУӰһ£漴ǰӰһ㣬ƾ֮һӰ
΢紵һƮȴû˿졣
עģźߣĲ˿飬ͷ·ֻһ߿տǡ
ˣ
˵Ľ̫ӣ
μ
һ
ϣһƬ䣬û˿Ϣ·Ͳһ߻ˡ
֮սѾȥôãϵ߾ʹûժ¹ӽʱ䣬ھ嶼֪ʲôӡ
һûֻΪ˸ڣһе趨еĳһ嶼ţʲôӡ
ˣ
嵭ˣ΢΢ף˵ĳ֣ƺһ㶼⣺
ʵϣ֮ǰ˻ڵʱ͸оϢ
̫ʼּ̫߰Ϊǲ׶ֵģҪȻҲῴаɽ⣬Ѿõ͵ֻɸּɣԳ档
˵ʣ嵹һ㶼졣
˵ǰǽ̫أʹսôͬʱǸʱ佫󲿷ֶλĴΪأӱʳ仰ȻҲǲϣصԼĸޡ
һ࣬Ļ˱Ͽʲôһźɱ䣬ȴ΢ɲĵ˵ͷȻѾİš
嵹ûô࣬Ŀһתܿ쿪ʼˡ
һʱ䲻ĹˣڿѾӽ۹ˣ㻹ǲ֮ʱ䣬Ӧ˲˵Ĺɣ
ͻȻڵ
ȻѾûκϢй¶Ƕʵ˵һۿȣԶϴμʱ
ЩΪңȻյ
ҲȻѧĴ컯ʵ̫ˣûоȥϸĴĥȹΪֻҪܹ𣬱޹ؽҪ
ӣʲôҲһ߻ħ
䣡
һɫĴӿհ㱬ҫ۵ĹâƿնȥѸûڣתڱߵĴ컯
˾ôվһԼתͷ·Ǳ˵һ㡣
ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬üͷ΢壬ڵ
ڣоһɼǿϢ˵ڸܹˣһǼص֣ȻѾȫȥ
һ㣬ùˣȴ塣
ǣһǳǿĶ֣
ȥ͵Ϯˡ
ľȻ˵û˿赭дӾͺһѰ顣
ȴ΢ɲüͷϰĴ컯һ汾ģƫٶȼ졣
ڸˣһˣ
ּҪҲ죬ڻվǰôľ;˵ô򵥡
˲˵Ҳûȥ׷ʡ
ҵˣһ飬ϣܹӣҲλҪԭ򣡡
û˱ڵ
ҵ˵Ļˣ
üͷһڵ
ţ
ص˵ͷ˵
Ǻ˵Ļأһ޴ġš
ˣ
仰һȻһɫ˲ޱء
ţ
Ϥˣ˵¹²ǱѰ
Щ߾ͨŶģ
û뵽˾ȻֱӾҵ˴ŵ䡣

ϣֱ

˵
򣿡
΢΢ü
ȻҲС˿ڷ࣬ѾĿŵֵزˣ
Ȼ֮ؽ贫ţ
ңԶĵط
ֱҡҡͷ
öСѭŸӦҶǳȻһ·ʮҹѾȫ˼Ҳ֪뾩ʦԶǶҿһƬ½ϵĺ󡯣
½ϵĺ󣿡
ɫ΢
Ǻ
½ؾ½أ
½ֻнûʲô
֪ʵ
˵һ·½ϵĺޱȣ٣֪ĳʶȫۡ
ʮҹ½ϵĺ󡭡
˵ķ彫½һ飬Ѹ˳˵ķݣλ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ⣬Ȼʲô


ڶǧʮ ½غﺣ
ѵﺣ
ɫ¡
ﺣǺȷʵһĺͬΪĺˮ̵ģʹһҲǳ
һ棬˵½ϵĺȴҲ
ôԶ𣿡
΢΢۾
֪кܴͬŵûʲô仯ģﺣĻôƾǷǳԶˡ
Ұ״ҲȷһƬ̡
˵ĴţƬ󸽽
ܿعڵ
ţ
˵˵ͷ
ҷ˴ĺˣһЩʵףٴﵽ΢ɱһ֮󣬻뵽棬Ȼ󿴼Ǵһʱͨ
ʱͨƺͨĳص磡
ԭûƻţֻǶԷʵʵ̫ǿرɭϣƾҵ޷ġ⣬Ȼ޷룬ȴЩ˿һ֣̫Ǭ
ʲô
̫Ǭ֣һıɫ
ǳ̫ʼ֮⣬һֱ̫ǿߣʥµıʼᵽ족ʮǿֱ̫ǿߣÿһΪ죬ǡ족ǿս
ÿһ˼ʱ䡣
̫ʼ֮һ
˵ǸȻҲһֱ̫Ŀֲǿ
˵ʲôϢ
һֱ̫̫ʼѾԶԸֻҪϱɣֶһֱ̫
һǣһƬţɫء
ڵʵȥ죬ŹϵشβܣΪ
ȵߴʱ򣬾ʲôˡ
ϸ˵һ飡
Ƭ̣¶ġ
ﺣʮǧ̫Ǭ֮ǰҲδֹҲδϵԼ
ңȻ˿һأԼδؾͲܣֻҪСһ㣬˵ܹҵƻ˵Ĵš
ֲΪʱҲԭ·أ
ΣͨġšԲܷβܡ
˽ԼѼϢ֮󣬾뿪ˣͬʱһûоκˣҲû֪ȥ
һ棬嶼ʡ
һ࣬ߺ˳˼
̫ðˣֻ취÷һˣ
а
̫ǬǷʶԼܷʶԼϢһлֻδ֪֮
˵ʶҲֻԼĲ²⣬һ̫ʼ̫Ǭ֮ĳϢʽϵԼǰ͵Ͷ
̥Ϣ̫ͬʼҲδϵá
뵽һͨ˵ص̥
ˣ
һ̣ĴڣӲĵرˮֿˮ룬ɫ̥ظˮ档
ΰӲĿףӴֲϢԼƵӣǰɫ̥Ӻɽص׵õĵһ̥Ҳǿ̥
彫Ϊһ̥
һ̥Ѿﵽ΢۷㣬ֻһţ̤붴쾳
νġܺͶ쾳ֻ֮һ˿룬һ˿ȴǾϵĺ蹵
ڡһ̥ӵǿĶݵͨؼʱ̣Զص˿еġ̫ǬˣҲ԰ȫӡ
Ρﺣжġ̽ӡٺʲ
ϣ
ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬âһһĺһ̥󣬹Ӱһߴ¥ڻԻͣʱһ㣬ҫ
Ԫ޼̫ϴɹ
һ̥Ȼ츳̶ֻͨʱ䣬ͽǿĻԪ޼̫ϴɹʮ˶ʮ㣬廹Ҫ
ҵһ̥ĻԲȻѾڻͨ˻
һ̥츳ˣһŴ컯ټһŴɹѧ̥˵쾳£ûĶ֣Ե΢һͷ
һĻҲ̾Ϊֹ
ȻиĻ˷ܺϲá
컯ʹɹ˲ٵʱ;һЩӣô̵ʱ䣬һ̥ͽſѧ¯ࡣ
Ѿǡһǧĸֿݵˣ
ʵڵĵһ̥±ǿ
ٻһ̥֮ĬƬֽ̣¶ġڶ̥̥͡һٻ˳
ˣ
Ƭ̺󣬾ھһ̥Զĵطֳƣ̥Ÿ˵档
ǵһ̥ʹöݵͨٻġ
ﾲĵģֻ̥ɢһһֽȻͬĹΡ
ڡһ̥հĹâڶ̥̥͡Ҫһأ˫Ĳͬ˺Ͷͯһ㣬ֹˣ͡һ̥ҫ۵Ĺâȣڶ̥̥͡ࡣ
巢ǵʱ̥ĳɳȣԺ͵һ̥ŲٵĲࡣ
ң̥֮Ҳ֣Ϊԭ̥ǿ󣬵ΪֹûзԼġ츳ͨ
һϣ͡һ̥ԵĲ࣡
̥ȻͬԴȴͬģұ˴֮䣬Ѫϵ̥ԲӦӦô´ˣ
а
䣡
Ҳ嶯ɲǣһ̥һһ̥˲£ȻԾ˵ٶȳȥ
棬Ѿڵˡ

ʦһжڰƻɵĽš
ÿһգдú̿ھ˵½
ÿһգдʳķ򡢻۶
ÿһգд׳꣬Ӧ飡
ͬҲдıԱʣӵ۹˶ݡһ
ӴĻÿһնвСı仯Ӵһ־׼ЧķʽתţӦδǳս
ͬʱ̥Ϊǣڵص״Уŵر۵ˣңԶġﺣ֮ϼӶȥ
ƣʱضԸսҹУ̥ˣ嫣Ͳ֪ƣ£
ʮ֮һûоκˣ
ʼʱͬڵ򾡹ӵʮ֮࣬ǴӰ죬ȴӴԸӡ
ܶطԿƵս죬رǴ󶼻ӣǲõǡ
ȥĺҲԶʱöࡣ
Щ˵ΧȥĿⶼ˾η֮ǰż͵ӡ
ǰ֮ޣ֮
ʳ֮ѾûκٸΪУ
ĵѾǿԸӵĵز
ûоκˣ֮ͣ󣬱һ뿪Ƭ½ϵĺ󡱶ȥ
ȥ֮󣬱ǻ˼ʵĵطĺ˶ܵ
һ·Ҳû̫ಹʳﻹΣؼû̫ˮԴ
̥ǲҪʳϰ̵ֿ
߶ûܵ˿Ӱ죬һ·¶ޡԼӽ£Χˮٴα÷
ǰ˵ĵطˣڿʼҪСˣ
һƥѪͻȻָǰ
һֻУĽԲڷҵĺ⣬ͣ˸
ǾѾԶı־


ڶǧʮ ¡ˣĶ
˵ͷ˫ǰС

֪˶ãͻȻһĺ޴Сͬһʱ䣬һɹӿ͸΢磬ŵһɵ̵ĺζ
ﺣ
˼
һ뱲ӶݣûеңԶĵط
ﺣ
Լԭڵ磬ӦвٵĹңҲγһ磬ȻһƬߡ
˵ﺣһѾǴʳ۹Χ
һͻȻʲô
ôԶڴʳ˾Ͳˡ
ԼǵãʳսŵķΧӴ󣬲˵ڼ֮ҲΪǿ׷
ЩȻ٣ʵǿ󣬶һֱʹλսײУԸҲû̫õķֻʹüҰķǡ
飡
Ҳʱû˿ףͻȻֻ֣һƣƥֵޱȵĺѪͷ­
ƥѪսϵ佫ϧԶûпһ˵ڵء
·һ΢С£Ϣ˿ûС
飡
һĳڵһ󶴣ƥѪʬѸУȻֽƽΣͺƥѪڹ
վһԣ˵ľٶȻЩϧҲ֪ôΪ˱˷֡
һٱ¶ͻ뼫䲻ľء
ˣ
Ƭ֮վ֣һľȻ
ڿʼǾѾ뵽˺˵ĵ̣һǷ֣޷ѣֻ·һǸֱ̫ˣȻûۼȴܹϢ̥Ȼǿ󣬲
ˡֱԣĶ֣
һ仰˵ķǳֱӡ
嵹Ҳ⣬⴦һֱ̫򣬾̫ʼһôԼڵʵȷʵǶ֡
̥ǿ嵽ֵʱ̫̣ʵҪʱȥɳ
·㣬ǲĿʾˣ
˵ţһףӰͳһ׼õĺۡ
Ǻ֯ʽ·кˣĸ𣬶һɫʽۡ
˵仰һڶ⣬һɺͬʱ˵ϢҲȻһ䣬ɭɭ͸һɹܵζ
һǣ֪ǰ˼ͺһģһ嶼ֱܷ
Ȼ׷ɱ˵ĹУѾһں֯У͸αװ
һ࣬ӹеĺۣϣͬʱ˵ϢҲ֮仯Ѹپͱúһ޶
ܿ죬һѸٺ˲һ˿΢Ĳ졣
αװķȻǵˣǶԹճ̶ȣȻҪˣϢͬδ̫ˡ
߰ɣ
һ׼׵彫̥ΧӦȻһǰӶȥ
ɽ
˶ʵʾȴԶеԶöࡣ
һ·ǰӣԼʮһĸоӿ
Ũĺ
̧ͷź˴ķһۡ
֮ǰã֮Ըо¼΢紵￪ʼ͸¶֮ǰûеһ·һɺǸ
΢΢۾һ˿ɻɫ
Ĵ󺮳ڱӺԱ»кܳһʱ䣬ôкӰ쵽
ɺĸоҲ൱죬ƺ̫ǱǹڵľҺ
ǴĴ󺮳
˵Ӷߴ
ϴ뿪ʱ򣬴󺮳ûôأҲûɢôԶķΧǵĴԽˣ
ɽڶݵشǳϯµıҲûзҰʥ˵뼯㣬֮󣬲ܳ״ʱ֮ţЩٻ
ѵΪЧӦַʲô仯
գ
尵˼ʱһ󼱴ٵͻȻԶһһɻҺɫĹâ˲ס˽ߵˡ
һ̣ͬˮֿ˲뵽˵ص
΢紵ԭյģ˾ͺûдڹһ
ݣ
ҲƬ̵ʱ䣬󣬰һ̳ƽߴ԰ټƵ޼۶
߽ˣֻϵһõ¼ףȴüΪ࣬һ𣬿۹֮䣬ҲǾâ䣬ƻһּѪȺսҲԵĸо
⣬Щ¶ĲԼֱۻһͼڣֹ֮¶һŨŨҰԡ
磬ﺣ֮ϣӵԵģҲֻеʳսײɵͷ۵ˡ
¡ˣ
صЩĺӣϵͼڣ͵ӹһ˿ͷ
ڴʳǶӣ˵Щˡ
¡࣬޶սȴΪǿ󣬶Ҽǳ
ײüҪǣȴΪҲǵ٣ʼκβǡ
ǿ¡ˣڱײɱ˼֮󣬾ͲϵϮšײҹϮֶƵͶαװ
ټʵΪǿϮŵĹУײŶ˲ˣײΪʹ󲻵òıԣҪа¡ˡ
ֻǿ¡ʼռǵñײɱǼˣԸײа˫ϵطСģս
ײòʮ̡ȼɵķأʱ䡣
嶼û뵽Щʳ۹̷ӾȻ
ϣ
ͻȻ֮䣬û˿ףϰ˵Ŀ¡ͻȻסսƬԭͣ
׼𣿡
ǰ棬һͷи࣬Ŀ߱ǣȧǵĿ¡춸زתͷŤͷ¡
ǣ죡
һ¡˸߾䵶Ӧ
һҪʹˣҴ񣡡
һιϵشʹҪǿ¡ѪºһʳǾͱҪۡǿ¡˾ܳԿ
ͷ
ˣ
λص嶸رɫ
¡һ⣬۹֮飬Ҳû뵽ǾȻмƻҪʳ
ǰҲͰˣڵĴʳǴͳΣ֥Ͱ˼˳ڰ͸򣬿¡˽ʳҲ͵ڽڴʳľӡ
Щʹָ𣿡
üͷ壬һͷ
֯ԳһϲװŪ¡˿еʹǺ˵Ļȫǵһо
м¡˵
죬˿ɲöԸ˵ǵǳʳ˶У˹ҪǰæǱǴĿף֣
ԣҪõ룬ʳҲ٣ǡһ꣬ԣһʳ
ŮҲ٣

һȺ¡۷׷׵˵һЦֻ˲׵ĴЦ


ڶǧʮ ִﺣ֮ϣ
ʵ죬˵λ۹פڰ͸ܵĻܲܲμжϾǿ¡ϡ٣ɱȲĴ䣡
ʱһ¡̽
ৣ
˻䣬ԭϣԭ֣һƬЦĿ¡˲ѻȸͻȻ
ڳĿ¡˷׷Ʋͷȥ¡Ŀһ䣬ѸɨȺһСĿ¡ϡ
¡ȻҲܵΧյĲԾʱǺ죬ͷȥƺʶԼ˵ˡ
˵³𣿡
浱Щʹô˵𣿵ΥĲ䣬Ѿҷ𣬻ΪˡҪǿ¡Ҳ䵽һ³𣿡
һʹ䶼μӣҲΥ
¡
죬Ҵˡ
¡˵
һʹȫұսͣûҵ˭Ҳ˵ߣ
¡һ䣬͵һѸٳﺣķȥ
ǣ
صһһǰβЩ¡˵һ·ﺣڵķ򼲳۶ȥ
Щָ·˾Խķ㡣

ԽǰеĺԽԽأֹʮѾȣҲһװ׵ı˪ԽﺣԽҲԽ͡
¡˸£û̸Ц飬һЩ¡ѹϣͼսɢ䡣
ǰԼʱ󣬵ϵı˪Ѿﵽһָ񣬰İѩͬë̺̳ڵϣֺʪζѾŨҵ˼㡣
ƽߴϵľҲڳһЩ仯
ԶԶȥһͬʱ߱Ŷɫ¥ڴϣЩ¥͹Χһ籩ǿϢۼܼޱȡ
ӵص̽ͷһۣ֮ȫǺˣٴﵽİ֮ࡣ
ǴŵΧЩ棬ʥ侳߰ʮˣ󽫼Ҳʮ죬ų١عԼˮ٣ǳʱ̾ķĶ
ľȻͻȻ
ҵĹ㣬Ӧöﵽ΢۷壬ʵ츮Щ˺츮ӦڲͬϵȻûмǳ֣һָоӦЩ
û˵ֻ΢΢ü
ڻ˵٣ԸоõǰƬӴϢ޴һ򣬸һǿѹС
Խǿ󣬸֪Խԣͨˣʵ̫΢ʲô֪Щ¡ˡ
е鷳쿴Ǿĸַ֣ΧӴҪ׵ǣ²ûôף
а
ǸΧ䣬Ȧ̫Ǭ
̫󣬿º׾ǣȦ̫Ǭ
徫ǵĵطоƬǰĳصΪģһӴӵصɢԡһ̥ĶݵͨӰ죬ƺһӴ赲
Ƿ󣡡
΢
֯ŵĿغͷԶлҪǲټ԰ټƵĸ֣١عٺˮ΢۷ľǿ򣬲һڴΧǿĽ
Щ˵δԼпһִķʶϾﵽ쾳ĻȫԲʱգ͸ȥġ
ЩʶԼĶݵͨ˺ܴӰ졣
Ѿ޷ͨصֱӽȦˡ
һ˲䣬ʱüͷ
գ
˼ʱǰ¡ѾǰĿ꣬һн߳ǰЩ˼۶ȥ
ͬʱһһ۶
ﺣ֮ϣȥ飬پۼƵ
伸Щټڴˡ

Щм䣬һʮ׵ľ޴˴ţһɫԷ裬һɫ£ʹʳ۹ԭսǳƣȴͬ
ԶԶؿս죬üӹһ˿
Ȼһμս죬Ƕͼȴİڸ֥Ͱ˼˳Уᵽս졣
ڴʳ۹ĸʡڳһʽ壬ķԭĴʳͶƣѾʧȥͳδʳ۹ͳԡ
ҪƷƣͬʱҲƷԭķңµĴʳ۹
ԭеһжǸĹ
΢Уͫӹһ˿ɱ
ﺣ֮Ͼۼ⵹Ϊ˻ȥṩ˺ܺõĻᡣ
Ƭ֮׼һʱȦΧ֮սʿصףȻǵ·ִ˵档
̥һƬ磬ûضݣԱ仯κˣܱ仯壬Ҳܱ仯Щսʿ
˻Ⱥ֮Уûκ˵ע⣬Ѹǰȥ
⴦˵Ļؽ䱸ǳɭϣ˻Ϳ¡ЩμԵķָ
վסҲǿԿԶ㣡
˳޴սȥûпͱΧ
˾ļأҪȥºѣ֮ǰϮЩֻѾǵע⣬˷͸ˡ
ѹߵĮ˿顣
ģǣ
ֻһЦͷѸ߿û鷳
ʱתۼҹĻ٣ΧµĸսʿʱҲ
˿һܣܿ쳯˵ķȥ
վס
ˣػĺ˹ûе˵꣬Ӵľǧ͵غ뼸Ժ˻һĿѸٱô
߰ɡ
ˣżˣһ·ȥһ
ڵʵڲ˵¿Ƽˣʵ̫ײˡ
ΧһƬ䣬żˣûоκˣϢĽһ¥УѸٸɵǣǵ·
ڲ˴֮䲢ϤֻҪڲ˵
˵Աߴ
ǿжˣ
˼ùϵƣܿ仯Ϣһӷ˳ȥ
֨ѽ
ŵɲǣһѩƮ룬ͬһʱ䣬һ˳ſڣҪߵˣȡ
û˿ң䣬ԥ⣺
ʲô𣿡
˱ҪʣһǿӲӣ࿵ͷ
Ǵ˷
˻ֱʲôֻĻû˵꣬ͱ˴ˡ
˶ҪΥ𣿡
ɫһ䣬漴һһɺɫĦڶͬһʱ䣬һ΢΢¶һʥ۷ϢӴѹŵɫսսæͷ


ڶǧʮ ˮ٣
ˣ²ң
ɫԽ̿֡
ڲȼɭϣҲ֪Ƭ߰ʮʵǿʥ侳ˣǰλȻ֮һЩɱᣬŭǣ·һ
֯ڲκ˹ǵ
һסˣɫ䣬ɲ˿
ڿʼϢĵطκ˶ý룡
˳һ˦һ˵ţһ߿żܿ˳ȥ
ں濴һĻһ漴Ц
һӶ׷ЩԼǴ򽻵ϣԸǣ˭о顣
Ҳû˵󣬺ܿ뿪¥
ҹɫԽԽء
һ·ϣк˾Ѳܣʮ˺˲ϲ
ЩĿɣɨˣܿһӶط
Ƭ򸲸ǵķΧ㣬нǧףÿһطиڣƬ򣬶١ع١ˮ΢۷ǿߵľҲ޿ײ룬Ƭ
ܾϸ΢ķΧκεߣƤµġˡ޶ãûκβ
ǰʮ׾ȦˣȦȦһˣԽԻȥΪκνһƬˣϾͻ֣ᷢǰֽϽīôز
ǰߣһ·һ͸彻
ҲͼȦһ⣬һɲǣվǷˡ
̫Ǭֲ̫ˣóȻϺɱ졣
ÿҪԵʱжһּϢŨΣոС
ָоʹı⣬ҲΪǵľ˲ܻŻȥ塣
û˵ڻ޷ж̫Ǭʵ̫Ǭĺ̫ʼһǿҲֻܴظˡ
ȱ𼱣˵
忪ڵ
Ϊûв͸ǽͲţ˵ķôܡ
Ҫ֣Եһ̥ʵҲȫѡ
˵𣿾˵죬̫Ǭ˵ĴžҪˡ
ҹɫžͻȻ֮䣬һ޵ĵԶһ´
ˣ
һɲǣ˻𣬶ͣ˽Ųķ˹ȥ
ҹôϣǻƶ֮أվͲסį̸
ӣͻˣɺˣگˣʲô˶У󲿷˱˴İʶ˵ˣȻڴС
˭˵ģ
ʱһ
ϴȥٴл㱨ٺͺˮ˵ġ
һȻûע⵽ˣԹ˵
˵磬ǸѾѾûʲôܹҼɵΪˡǱѾҵһ֮ӣǼ֤㿪ʼƻˣ
㣬ͫһƤжĳࡣ
ԣ滹׼ٵ𣿡
ڶЩ塣
꣡ⲻҸùעġѼ٣ܴ֮ⳡƽѾˡ
һ͸һ˿µζ
治ˣȴŽɣǿ뿪𣿡
ԶԶأ˵Ľ̸ѾһЩ޹ؽҪˡûȥûоκˣѸ뿪
ƹһһ˵Ľͣ˽Ų
ô죿
ͻȻڵŤͷһԵ塣
ԶЩ˾Խ޼ɵܶϢ͸¶
ƾ㱻ҲʲôӰ죬ϾҲûʲôö
ʱȣЩ˵˵ʱ䲻ˡ
һų׵Ľɣֻ»ƻĶࡣ
˵Щ˵ļƻԶڰ͸İ˼˳͸֥ҲǵĹ֮С
֪ҲͰˣΪƵıԪ˧岻Ӳ
û˵üͷ壬д˷˲Ϣͷ
̫Ǭв̫
һ֮У׼£ȿһڣҲʲôˡ
һɲǣͷӹԺ
Ŀ⻺ӹأ漴ܿ١ع١ˮϢĵط
ʵǿǴΧػһָоƺػʲô
ҪƻǵжôֲУ
ʯ䣬һͷӹԺ뵽˴жʱʲô
ҹȥ
仰һΣʩչնݣѸٳŸӦˮڵλöȥ
նǺ˵Ĺʹãʵ̫Ѱˡ
Ϣһ䣬ûκ˵עͻɣѸٳԶȥ
Ƭ̣޴İɫҰ֮С
Ծ޴ʯ֧ţ͵罨񣬵ݶȴʽܣܶ˵ĹС
ܵɷ籩ϢڰɫĴ֮С
ЩҰȳۻ࣬ǸҰһ㣬λٻǹǾȻҷǲ֪
ʱһС
ѭȥֻ˲һǰɫĹȥ
ߣһȺ϶ѣҪǻһüֵͰˡ
ʱһ˵
ٹһɣȵƻչһҲ
꣡λС㣡
һһ˵ţһǰȥ˵һһӦܿ찲ˡ
ˣȥ㱨ɣ

ûã˵˴ǰ΢΢פ㣬漴ĿУһƿš
֨ѽ
һ̶תУɫĴŴ򿪣¶ڲһǡ
ڵƻͨһɲŽۣݵӰڵϥһ
ǽ£һһ⻷貶Ŀ΢΢𵴣Ӱӳĵһo
ΪصͷñӣȻһɫññϷֱд׭ġ족ءˮ֡
ǿ
˵ɲǣͫһоһǿҵΣա
졢ءˮٸĸоǳǿ󣬲ǵӴ󣬶ؼĸо
ֹˣһƳ֮䣬о˵Ȼͬ˴֮ȴĳϵ̥һ㡣
̫ǿˣԲǴһ𣡡
ʯ䣬Ժжһͷ
ˣ
˵ʱʱ죬峯ŴƳһ۵ʱ֮УһƤ΢ͻȻŤͷڵķͬʱһӴľ糱ˮƿնϡ
һݣȻһǿΣУϣȴ˿û¶ֻǽһԽͬʱɫ糣ǰȥ
飡
֪ǲȵʯͷʲôһģͬʱһĦ֮𡰲Сġ¶ĴƬѩڡ
ɫĴУ쿴һĻüͷ΢չܿľȥתͷһˡ


ڶǧʮ سɴ磬ع׷
˵ɣ䰲ŵôˡ
֮һˮͻȻڵ
⣬ܵǹɿֲϢȥҲĳһ
Ŀ⻺ӹأܿ⡣

ʱ仺ȥɫĴ֮УǼȥĺ˺ܿ뿪ˡ
εжƺԵ÷ǳǴ󲿷ʱ䶼ڼΧʮĶϣк˽㱨Ϣʱ䣬Ƶú̡ܶ
һжάƽ
֪ܿ͵ҹʱ
ˣ
ɫĴ֮Уû˿ףҲˮƤһ£ͻȻ
ûоáе㲻̫Ծ
ôˣ
һԵٺ͵عٱׯϣڵأľһ㣬һھչܵļ֮С
֪ǸоЩԾƺʲô¡
ˮüͷ壬Ƥͻͻ
ˮٵĻɫĴУôƬ̣һƬţٺ͵عٵĺƺʧˡ
ڣһ΢ĺһԵٺ͵عҲ
˵Ŀˮϡ
Ϊǰʱ𣿡
üͷ
ǸֻǽңҲû𣿶죬̫Ǭ˾͸ɵڶˣֻҪúػȴɾͿˣʱ򣬾ңҲӰ첻󡣡
һԴɳƵʱҲڵ˿ڵʱΧĵֳ΢𵴣һȦȦزɢȥеĵع١
ϸȥɫĴڣΪģһȦһȦķҹɫбŷĹâյһƬѩ
Уһɹɽбߣӿ
󷨵ĺģһߣֱ۴ϸտɫʯ
ʯڰ֮У滹İɫġ
ƬӴΧĺģ
פʼһΪػ鷨Լ󷽵̫Ǭ
㣬ʹţǡƻеĺĹؼҲǡ족
ǻǺפشŵġ̫Ǭȫִ
©̫Ǭڣû˳ܵ
˵
ڣˮٵٴ
ܾõǱǸˣûô򵥡ǵĹûðˣǸ˵Ϣ͹ǶˣԼ¶Ǹֲˣ
еĸоˮԵ÷ǳ֡
Ϊǿˮϵٺ͵ع٣ˮֱֱָڹȥΣУѾܶˡ
Ȼûȷ֤ݣƲȥĸоЩ
ˮٵĻһԵٺ͵عȴ˲Ĭˡ
ˮ٣Ǽ飬ҽ㲻Ҫȥ׷顣
ʱһԵͻȻˣ
̫ǬѾ̫ش˸ˣһȷʵð䲻ǵˣҲӦ֪Щˡòð䣡
ٻлָ
ˮٿʼûӦ촽΢ţ˵ʲôһ̣ƺͻȻ뵽ʲô𣬶۾¶һ˿Ȼɫ
٣˼ǣǸǡǵˡ
˵ǡʱˮȻҲ֪ٿеġǡ
ǸǡǡɳģûǲҪ̽ȽϺã
ʱһһԵĵعҲˣɫ£
Щ֮飬ûǲҪͣ򡭡
عٲû˵ȥ˶ס
һƬš
ˣ
˵ʱʱ죬˵ʱͻȻһĸодüͷһ壬Ťͷ˹ȥ󣬵ع١ˮҲͬӦˡ
ʲôˣ֪ͨȥǹȥʰһ¡
üͷڸոһɲǣ˵ĸӦԵһİϢͻȻ˽
ﺣ֮ϷǳҪ⴦ظǲκ˿κ˽ӽﶼ·һ
ȻٵĻոջû˵꣬˵Ϣ֪֮Уǹԭƽƽ棬ֻǻ侳ϢͻȻ֮ϢǣֻһգۣϢǿʮֱֹӴﵽʥ۷壬۹󽫵ļ
ֻһǣ˲ɫ
ֻͨ˵أ´ĺ˸ȫԽǣǴﵽ۹󽫵ļǾͲôˡ
֪ͨˮڻ𣬺ˣȥ
Ŀڵ
۹Ȼǿ󣬵ȻһЩǿĲ£ԽԷ
طԼ̫ǬŵΣǱҪԲ뿪
Ȼ䣬˸֪֮УǹİϢٴα仯ԭֻе۹󽫼ϢȻڲܵ£ٴαһͻƵ΢ǹɾƺƵһ㣬ᴩء
Ѿдˣǳơ
䣡
ͬʱΧЩҲ˶Էڣս˻ĴһƬҡ
ˣ
һŭȴԱߴ˵Ĳ٣һԵĵع١
ɫ࣬һΣ˲һ㣬Ӱɫֻһգۣʧ˴⡣
䣡
ӪΧԭȻĸһƬңعٳȥʱУ˶۷׷ףгɰǧսʿХţһޣǹϢֵķ򼲳۶ȥ
ĶҵҪ㵽ʲô·Ȼڱǰ
عһ˿ɭɱգɨһȦѸ򣬳Ŷϵȥ
عٵٶȼ죬һ̤ǧɵľ룬Ϊٶȹ죬һˡ
ণ
ԶҹɫһԷƺҲ˵ع٣֪΢۷ӴϢתܡ
ߣ
عһ䣬һȦҺɫĹâȻ±عΧռ˲Ťһ£˷ƺһɹŨҵĴ֮ӵصûعڣعٶȻһأһ˸ѸٳŶԷ׷ȥ
سɴ磡
ǵعٶеĹ֮ǹҪö࣬ԷȻǰܣֱ롣
䣡
ҹɫХӵعֻ˲Ϣ䣬عپѾ˷󸲸ǷΧԷȻҲûϵعٻ׷һ׷ţģЩš
ʱ뵽£̫˵𣿡
عЦһ׷ȥ
˫ľ벻ϽӽѸСǧڡ
عɫݣţȻԷμɣһϵеľٶҲԵ÷ǳ죬عȴ¡
֯ĹǿĹû˿Ժ࿹⡣
ֻϣӲдĻţôܹͻǧ꣬Ტۡ
ʵﵽعּ֯ڲ̫Ǭֱ̫Ķǿߣû˿в
֮ǿ٣Ҳֻܻܻɱ
벻
һǧɣ
˰ɣ
ɣ
ɣ

عڿԷӣһϮӣĽ͸Ϊŵع٣ò
عչ¶ǿʵȻҲס˶ԷԷܵʱλңѾʧ˷硣


ڶǧʮ Χɱ
ߣ£
˫ֻɵʱ򣬵عɫһ䣬û˿ԥᵤѸٳ֣
޽
ֻһ챬ըعٽ¹⻷𵴣һȦҺɫĹâ͸¶ŨŨɽ֮ļ󣬲һȦȦȦչԲǧɡ
Ĵϣƺܵĳε𶯣һȦȦķ۳ըڿն𣬺͵عٽµһȦȦ⻷Ӧһǣعٻǽž죬ԭѾǳӴȻٳ߸ͷһٴαһأﵽһ˼ĵز
䣡
ֻɲǣعΧԲڣѿмصʯȫһǣ£۵عٵ֮С
ֹˣعٱǿĵϵߣһд޽ֱӽ˷ԲʮĴ֮ЩӴͬعٱԼصڿնɳʯȫһҺɫĺƺƵ罭ƺ֮ƣǰǵӰȥ
عٶƿۣյعٵжϣһԽˣȴֲȡҲѯʳԷѰף̽Էϵܡ
΢׵ǿǲܺ۷࿹ģʵϣԷأعҲʮþȣԷˡ
һ̣عʼδ鷢ˡ
䣡
ʯ䣬âһһҫ۵ĽƺƵӶԷϳȻ˵عٱĹ
һɲǣҫ۵Ľ͵عɫĹâͷľޣҵײһ𣬾޴ıը˺ɨ
ҫ۵Ľ⣬򽫷ԲǧҫͬһƬ硣
عҲըƵûԣһС

ⲻܣ
һǣعд˷͵۾Ĳš
д޽Ȼǿѧȴǿ֮һʵߵҲҪӦԣûԷʵȻ֮ǿȻӲĵһ
΢۷ǿߣ
ʯ䣬عԺӹһͷʲôɫҲȻ
ˣͨˣ
ˣˣ
ԣ˻ŵʱͻȻ֮䣬һڵعٺ󷽣һɫţٱ۶
󷽳ˣٴôȥػʹţ
Żţһ˵ţһŵعٵķٿ
ʲô
˵ĻعͻȻɫһ䡣
źͷϵش󣬾Բʧһʲô飬룡
Ǻ󷽵ĴźͷٺˮΪʲô£
ѵ˵ʲô©ǰ֮⣬ԷʹֶΣɽٺˮҲˣ
һ̣عͫһñޱȡ
СڱǰŪ࣬Ū飡
عδ䣬Ҳ룬ָһ䣬һָƿն󷽸ϵͨ籨ŵĺ˺ȥ
һֱʹسɴ磬׷ǰˣ˫ٶȼ죬һգѾʮľ롣
ˣȻϢαװĺ񣬵ɲΪӪسٺˮ֮⣬ôٵĸϹͨ籨š
ã֪֯㣡ǵ˵һڵˣ
󷽣һЦѸٳֻ֣һȭ˵عٱĺָͬʱ˰εضһ˲䣬ϢãֱӱʮԣȻֱƵعٵ΢۷弶
䣡
ͬʱԶعһֱĵڶ̥Ҳ˲䱩ҫ۵Ľأգ
ɹ

һɲǣڶ̥͵̥ڽع֮˲䷢ѣͬʱǿľѧһһңϣлع٣
ã
ǵعٹ߾ʱԼͬʱ΢۷ǿ߼л˲ɫ
Ȼб
˲䷢ѣɾûиӦĻᡣ
ǧ𣡡
͵֣
Ҹع侪ң˷ѵɲǣعȻǿȫɲǼ䣬𶯣عٴζ츳ͨӸķΧڼȡ֮
˲Ϣ䣬عΧӰɽ֮۶¶һɽ
ֹˣõ֮Ĺעعٻǽ죬һأһ㣬ڣһɹɻҺɫϢᣬһӲס
֮
֮
ǵعٵͨԴͬʱԼһǿķ
֮Уعٻǿģսǿġ
ԷʵˣбԼΪﵽ΢۷壬һʵǿᣬٽ֮ʹ֮ͬ΢۷ǿߣȻ򲻹ҪĻлᡣ
ֻǲ֪ΪʲôعüͻͻֱʼһǿҵĲкΣС
Щ˵ʲôǵʲô˴£Ϊַң
عٵԺ˲Ϣӹͷʼվûûס
Ȼûʱϸˣһǣڶ̥͵̥ĹѾ
¡
УصײһԵڶ̥͵̥Ӵģ˿ԼĹһǣµعӵܹմصγϣһҲоӴѹ
ֻ꣬һ죬عһɽӰֻɲǣ˲俪ѣƬը
˵֮󣬾عҲɳԾ
Ȼعĺģǽ󣬶һ
ڡȥˣ
ϸţȴƫƫڶߡ
¡
һ̣ʯ쾪һ죬ڵع㾡ȫֵڶ̥͵̥ɲǣ·һӴӰף״񣬶Ȼڵ㣬
֮¾
帽ĵһ̥ڵصݷãһǣԵعٷҲĹ
һץâãʮ컯һɫ¥ոո֣ץУһ޴ĽɫǹϷĵعٵȥ
ã
ܵ·ͻȻֵĵɷ籩ǿϢعٻһһ˲òҰޱȡ
һɲǣףǹɲʲôˡ
ԷļƻԶƣҲûܡ
صǱǵӰɱﵣ
عٿ־ǣֵǵӰϢȣ쵸ȻҲﵽ΢۷壡
ҶԷϢ֮ǰˣҪǿͿֲ
عȻǿޱȣҲţҲûŵΪԼͬʱֵ΢۷ǿߵĵز
䣡
ֻһعǿĴ֮һ̥Ĵ֮¾֧顣
󣬵һ̥ڶ̥̥Ϲ̥㾡ȫڵعٱ֮¾ǯƵɲǣ̥һۻͬʱݺݺڵعϡ


ڶǧʮ һ̥ջ

ֻһĲҽУϹ̥ĹӵǿĵعҲ״򱬡
ĵһֻ̥һȭ­ǣ̥
عӦʱ䶼ûУһɵˣ
䣡
ըʮ
ǵع٣
ȦİУһĲҽУܵǹŨҡֲϥٺˮٻ𣬶ıɫ
ôܣ
ˮٵɫҰޱȣһɲǣ֪عٵϢͻȻʧˡ
ⲻܣʲôˣ
ԱߵһҲ¶𶯺ͷŭɫ
عٲߣҲ˷ĵعٳȥûиԭ
Եعٵʵ򲻹ҪҲǴ´ࡣ
ֱ̫Щ䣬磬˭ܹвع٣
Ȼû뵽عپȻˣ
һ̣е𺳵Զֹеٺˮ١
ﺣ֮ϣķѩ֮£һصĿռ֮УһֲӰ
˵ϢΧĿռԼΪһ壬˵ĸоȴٺˮٻҪ¡
ˣ
ڵعɲǣƤһĿб̫֮Ҫҫ۵Ĺâֹâ䡢飬衣
ֻһ˲ڵķһ̣˭Ҳ֪ʲô
Ҳﺣ֮Ϻ˵Ķʱ˿̣ʮĵطϹ̥һá
ǿĵϵ
֮Уһ̥סعٵʬ壬һģδ̾
һжֹɱ˵عô򵥣Ҫǣڵعڸܵǿĵϵ
عԵϵ΢۷壬ʵ֮ǿ֪
ǵع̫ˣΪֱ̫ǿ֮⣬£˿ԺԼԿϹ̥Ҳδлᡣ
ʵϣعӵǿģڵһ̥ĶݵֻͨûиʩչĻᡣ
عʼ˫Ŷû䵽棬ͱ̥Χɱ
̥һγ֣ʾսҲ˿ûʧ
֮֮޽͵֣سɴ硭˴֮ô֮⣬Ķܴǿҵĵһ̥
ӿȵĵϵϲޱȡ
عٵǸջ
컯յعȫϹ̥Ϊ޹֮壬Ϲͨع۶ɣܹɵնԷһеĹ֮ҲڶԸعʱⷢ֡
һعĵһ̥Լ츳ͨһء
ʱûͻƵ쾳ȴԽĲսʤͻҲԽĽһ
عٺˮٱȻ׼ô죿
ʱһӲԶƳһ۵һ̥еعٵʬ壬Įޱ
ںڸģʵϵع뿪Ӫصʱ͸һˡ
һɲǴ򱬵ع٣һ㶼⡣
̥һ·ͬжʮ죬Ϲ̥ǿѵ֪
عܹ͵ϮĹǲˣ
ֻǼعûƻţһöԷԽľˣ
ǺǣعһֱڣﺣǱ߻һֱû˿
嵭ȻһЦҡҡͷ˿Ϊ⡣
⡭
üͷ΢壬ͷ˼Ƭ֮󣬺ܿ΢Ҳ׹
˵ڵ̫Ǭ޷뿪
Ǻǣ֮ǰжɲǵֻΪյعٹ
΢Ц
һһ̥͸Ȧ˵Ӫ֮С
ĵڶ̥ˮپ֪Χֱ̽ӿŵڶ̥ͷϢȫı¶Լ
ʱʵ˵ڶ̥̫Ǭ֣׷ɱ׼
Ļĵһ̥ǻô˻ᣬǱȦ׵ƻš
ʧһϹ̥˵Ǹʧ̥һΪҪĴţô˵ǿԽܵġ
ֻķչȫͬƣڸ󷽵̫ǬȻ˿ΪعٱɱҲ޶ԡ
˷ӦȻôˡ
ûв´ڴŵĽѾؼʱ̫ǬǲںǣǸѾϾز
˵¶һ˿˳ᢣгЦݣ
Ļôͼ򵥶ˡ
һ㣬͸еһУȼ仰Ҳ΢΢һ¡
ȻҲû뵽֮ǰж⡣
߰ɣع̫Ǭ޷ƾʣµٺˮ٣Ѿвˣ
δ䣬һ㣬ȳԶȥ
֣嶼мɵǴع٣ɶˣȨѾȫ䵽ˡ
˳ĬƬ̣΢Σȥ

һ˺ܿʧ٣ŵĲԭյģһƬžֻҹɫ֮УɱԽŨˡ

ҹɫȦĺӪһƬҡ
͵عһȴ쳣ҵսѾ˱սʿ
ô£ոǵعٳȥ𣿡
׷ʲôѵﻹܹʹԿ
³˹ȥǱ߿ոôıըɲС£
һ
ͬ鷢䣬ӪΧսʿ׷׷ɢȥʻҹɫ̽Ϣ
һ¥֮У˸ִڸ棬ͬĵĲ
Щܶ಻֪飬Щȴ֪µʮа˾ţعٴǳˡ
ոյ׷ʲôعٴôǿΪʲôܹв
һɫ㱣Χصҹɫǿ־塣
٣ع٣ˮ٣ںУǸ߸ϣһĴڣʹȲ̫ǬҲԶԶЩͨĺ˿Աġ
Էܹɱ˵ع٣ôڳеĺ˲ʲôһϣ·һ
ԷҪɱǣ²ɱɱ϶٣
ʱ˿̣άȵĻٺˮ١
쵰Щһﵽʲô
ˮٸž̽Եһ̽ǿϢɫ࣬ŭޱȡ
˵ԸعٵʱԷ˼ɣôھѾȫ޼ɵˡ
һԣٵɫ̫ͬÿ
ȲҪԷƺڹǳȥ
ٿڵ
ʱȥ׷ɱԷΪأȵɣǾ㹻ʱȥ׷ɱԷ
عѾŭܸıʲôäĿ£Сġ
̫ǬǱô˵
ˮٿڵ
̫ǬǱΪԶֻоԷϢǺҶԷƺóϢ任֮ӪΧ˶ӣԷóôھԽĲ
ٿڵܹ֮סҲһǳҪԭ


ڶǧʮһ ̫Ǭ
С֮ȻòŹ˼ɣֱӳֻɱǣڣ˿ֲĶ֣һ֮ôðʧȡˡ
ٿɲΪعô׾ͱɱĽɫ
ԷѾֻźͿôˣѵľôӲ𣿡
ˮɳ˷ŭɱ
𼱣̫Ǭ˴Ϣ˵ǳסٸһʱ䣬ֻҪһʱ䣬ܹǳԷ
ٿڵ
֮УĵλߣҲһֱͺػ̫Ǭͨ
ˮйâ˸һɱӶƸսɿɿսϣǵվѡЭ
֮Уʵع٣ûٵϣȥҲֻѡ

ʱͻû˿ף˲ԶĵطͻȻһĲҽС
µĺ˲¡
ɲǼ䣬Ȼɫ
쵰
һȣˮٻһ£һ䣬ȭͷ͵վ
ЩһѾֻˣǾȻôߣֱѹϡ
ֱѼ
һ£
ûȥһֻ˳ǿͻȻӺ̽͵סˮ١
ϸɫޱȣ
СĶԷթ
ľˮкأΧǸûзֶԷ
ԲڣȫǺ˲еϢ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬ˮٳɵɲǣԶһĲҽһεȴϤޱȡ
ڻ𣡡
ˮٻһ
ڻˮٵĸ£ͬʱҲٶ˵ͷ죬ÿ˶ʵǿ󣬴ﵽ˵۹۷壬ӽ΢ļ
ˮ򰵽ܶ鶼Ҫȥ֡
ˮû뵽ԷȻѾڻˡ
䣡
û˿ԥˮ˲٣ͬһѸʧ⡣
ˮ٣
ɫ䣬Ĳ£ʶŷ˳ȥˮٵʵع٣óóȻȥѰ·
ã
ܿ죬ӦʲôŤͷ
Ҫʹػţ⻹һҪ񣬾ػΧ߰ʮﷶΧľ޴
뿪ɲǣٷоһϢ˲ͻ˴֮С
ʵϣͨĴţŴȼյĻѺ͵ƹ⣬ٿһۣһӰڴ֮С
ƺоע⵽˻عͷ¶һЦݡ

һϣһ̣㷴ӦҲоˡ
ɽ֮ƣ
ԷԶֹһˣҶԷ֮ԻɱˮΪ˽ǵĿġ
Ǵ룬ڰ֮УΪ󷨺ĵտʯ
ŶԷһ˿ЦݣһٸоҪͣˡ
䣡
ûиκηӦĻᣬУһ·ĵһ̥Ȼһȭغ˰еöտɫʯ

⣬Ȼ۾һ͵سŵڷ˶һжѾˡ
ˮٳһĽѾ
¡¡𶯣ԲʮڣɸһҶ
ֹˣһӴģԭƬӴʧȥ֮ҲľӰ֧飬˲߽⡣
һɹɵصԭ˳󷨣罭һ㱼ӿʵʧȥԼ͹֮ҲȻңӵص緢
һҵıըӶϵĴܴƬʯмʮ֮ߡ
ѣı仯Զֹˡ
ڽɫĴ󷽣ﺣ֮ϵķ򣬿ռŤһ£ͺһ޴ɴͻȻһ㣬¶˺һƬȻͬľ
¡¡
˶һʧȥˡϡ֮ȻʮֹǾ޴ĺ쳹Ƭء
ҹɫ֮У˷ʮĵطּƵĺãã޾һεǣ˸߿֮УӿĴưƬ
ָоͺ֮һƬ
עģǾ·һģʮɸߣͨ͸ŷâľš
ţ
һǣɫĴ֮У嶼עʶĿ˹ȥ
һ̣Ҳ׹źеĺһֱֻǱ÷ڸ˶ѣΪľǱھףע⡣
ϣ
󷽣һ˻ԭڳɧҵĵطȥͻȻ֮俴ƾճ֣·ԴԾ˹Ȱľź;ˣһҲ۾ˡ
ô£ǵʲô
ÿֲϢʹŭ𣿡
죡ط̫Σˣ

ս˻ڷѵɲǣսĴܣսʿòƴȫǣľģﺣ֮ϵ
Ǵ𣿣
ʱ˿̣Ҳо˱仯ȴΪеľˣҹɫ֮вͣҫֺޱȣҲޱȵľʹš
˵ЩźϢϢأ⻹һ
ԶеӴص·ġӡǣ޲һֹĸоǵĻƣعо
𺳵ģӴ̺
ǿ

ʹڸܵ˱ӿ˿־
С
ޱȵС
ĵһ̥ɣǧĻۣʹھۼ˴Щʹǰ棬׺һڰ㣬ԵСޱȡ
ľԶҪӴĶ࣬ԸܾԽ̣ӴĴ̺ԶԶĹйǹϢ˸оһԴĲ
ֹˣϸĹ۲죬ԭΪֻҪҵᣬͿ׵ػٵš
ʱ֪ûκ˷ҪٵʹţҲף
ʱ֮
һԺжһͷ
ҹɫ˽ֻǿһţ忴ȴʹΧֵĵӰԼһǿҵʱղ
ʹŲǼ򵥵Ľﺣ֮ϣǴʱ֮Уλʱһʱյм䡣
ﺣеĺˮǱʱ֮׵˸߿֮Уγ˾ʹϿƬӿȵĿк
һǣͷӹԺ֪ԼҪ¸ıһεжƻˡ
ˣ
Ҳʱ򣬾ĸ֪֮УʹŵĵصףһɿֲϢͻȻ޵У·ĳ˯һ㣬仯̶ֻʱ䣬һֲĵزһӡ
飡飡
һǣ·ܵĳִ̼һ٣ͬʱһǿҵΣɽﺣķӿ
̫Ǭ
Ȼûмʲôˡ
Ǹź̫ʼͬıԴϢ


ڶǧʮ ˮ֮
飬ȻҲλȫʹŵĺ䡣

ͬʱһȴϢĵŭŭһӵ˽
ڿУȻңңһץն䣬ֻһգۣ͸оĿͻȻ̵֮ĵ棬ҽ˴֮С
ɣ
ڿסɲǣȻһȭȫݺݳŰеȥ
¡¡ʯ䣬ֻһȭɲǣ󣬹âһͻȻֳǳǳ֮󣬹ӰأԳǿյľ
䣡
ֻһգۼ䣬ǳ֮֮Լڰȫưɫ֮ƣȥ
һӴֺ룬ƻ͹ѾԶԶ˵ع١
͵عٲͬٲٿصգ˵عܹޱߵĴмȡôپܴǧʱ֮лöӵǿ
Ҳ֮λеһԭ
Ȼ
¶һУҲ¶һ˿졣
֮Գٳûн밵֮УɵҲ޷Ǿλʵǿ١
һ΢۷ǿߣҿԴʱȡĳ̶ֳϣѾ޽ӽ׵Ķ쾳ˡ
ǿ츳ͨŰխĿռ䣬ԼĽѾǱ׽޿ˡ
ֻǡ
䣡
Ȼһ̤ƵصףͬʱŤͷŰе¶һ˿Цݣһ̣ưɿֲĻصĺԭվĵطȴ·һ㣬ƾ˲ʧ
ݵͨ
ٽڰ֮Уһ˿˿ᣬʱ˫һֱڵϣǷݵѵľ룬Ҳֹ
˵عٵȫڶݵص֮عٻҪǿĶࡣ
¡¡ֻһ죬Ӵһʧ֮󣬼ŰǺưɻصֱӴİƬڱըУŹˣ˷俪
һ࣬һʧ֣ǰΪİԼʧĵط˶ıɫ
ݵأ
һǣҲϳʩչĵϵȵعٻҪǿ
쵰
ɫ࣬Ϊʲô뷽跨Ҫˡ
û˷Լͽӵжݵĵϵǿ˵Ƭֱˮ
ã
ͻȻ֮䣬һͷӹԺһæӶȥ

ڵҹɫУһıըһĲҽԶԶ̶ʱȻֹ
ˮٵ
һǣһɫ԰ףһĳˮס

һŭХٵٶȶȻӿԶȥ
ڿյӪ⣬ڿսĵط
ʬɢڷΧ޴ĵϣиʬ壬Ҳڶ˵ʬ壬ݺύǼսĺۼ
ڸ߿УһɫĹñ䣬ˮٵʬľ׮¡һڵϡ
ΧһһӰ¡
쵰ɱ
ˮٵʬ壬˫ĿѪ죬ɲǼ䣬Ϣǡ

Ȼһ˲Ϣ䣬һһأʾǿֵɲǣưɫƺƵɽһ㣬ͬʱŵڶ̥͵̥ȥ
ߣ
صĵһָ̥һţΧڵļӲΪˮһ㲨
ڶ̥͵̥ڻɱˮ֮󣬸ûкٲֱӳ뵽˴С
̥һɲǣһˮٵʬصףһߡ
֮УˮٵʵٵʵǿҪɱ٣Զûˮٺ͵عôףսĲ
޳Сߣ
ʯ䣬̥ص׵ɲǣһŭͻȻ˶ը
ʼʱ΢ţֻһգۣҪ̥ԴѣݵصܵһЩӰ졣
̫Ǭ
ʯ䣬һӹԺɫȻޱȡ
ڻɱعٺˮ֮λפڴŴֱ̫ǿߣڱŭˡ
ʱ֪̫ʼ֮ǿǵ۾̫ǬȻ̫ʼҪǿ
Ϊﵽּ𣬾ʱ䣬ΪʵѾӵ˲ʵ
ߣ
Ҳɫ΢䣬ͣһΣһ̥츳ͨʩչ˼ޣɫĹâιס˵ڶ̥ˮٵʬ壬ԶӶݶȥ
֯Уֱ̫ǿѾλ֮;۷壬ǵĴѾԽʷǰ׷ݣʷܴﵽּǿߣҲ֮٣ûС
ʵϣڷ׵˵˷ͨȷʵѾˣ
̫Ǭ׷ֻսͻ᳹׸дʱ˲صľ̥ˡ
ͻƶ쾳֮ǰ̥ðա
䣡
һһľѹϵ̥֮ըⲢǵľл̺һЩߵľ־ѹһЩĶ
ı廹ھʦ֮У̥ľ־Ȼͬǿ󣬵ȴ޷ͱ⣬̫Ǭֹʽǡǡĵط
ˣ
һ·۵糸Ӵܣʮ֮󣬷·ӳĳεϣǵӰεĿֲ񹥻ڳʧˡ
ˣ̫ˣ
âһ̥ڴӵ˳Ϣѹ峤һ˶Ȼࡣ
̥Ǵӱ֮зѳģȻȲϱ壬ÿһҲﵽ΢
Ϲ̥츳һȻһ壬˴֮ιޱȣûʲô
£̫ǬԶ̹飬ʵ֮ǿ֪
飬ôӳˣ
а΢΢üͷ
ʹ̫ǬڵػҪƻô򵥡

ĶǱҪάִ󣬽촫ţһҪʬΣ촷ۣ
ͬʱԶԶأﺣ֮ϣһӰɢѩȻһ˿ɱ
ˣ
̫ǬŭѵʱͻȻ֮䣬һǿĲʱɫ΢䣬æ񣬾ۼȫעµһ֮С
ʹŹϵش󣬲ʧȫɱҲӰ˼䡰ƻ
һƬҵﺣ֮ϣҪ侲öࡣ
ӦҲѾܵˣ̫Ǭʵǿ󣬸ĿǰǿԶԿġ
ҹɫ֮У˿ڣһƬľȻû˿Ĳ
ڵǣֻҪǿƬ򣬾ͻĹΧǼ֣ҲĶ֡
û˵ȥϴѾԹʧˡҪٵţֻܿˣֻܴԸ


ڶǧʮ ģ
ͷ¶˼ɫ
ԸоõеĺڱԽԽŨϵĺ˪Ҳ˲٣ʲôͷ
ǲˣ໹죬žͻ᳹׽ɣΣǶʱڽʱ֮ų׵ػٵ
ԥ
ֻ֮ʣһ٣ҷҲѾ׵ƻˣ³̫Ǭ֮⣬Ѿûκ˿赲塣
Ҫǣǰ£һŶƻǵȵڶĵĴŽٵľҲԽıͼѡ
㽨ɣҲЩجΰʿ֮ʱͽĩʱˡ
Σ̥ҲһҪٵţ
͵ս˫ȭ¶˾ġ
ǣֻҪ̫ǬǾͲκοŵĻᡣóȻǰѰ·
˵
û˵̧ͷ˫΢أҲ˳˼֮С
˵Ĳûе֮ǰϮţ̫ǬѾ֪ǵĴڣ˺һӱСķ
еҪٵţҲ飬ı󶯡
û˵עеˮٵļ֮С
֪֪ˣܰսʤ
ղŶӵʱ˳ְˮٵʬҲ˻ֹȫͬʱҲӶԺеȫ䡣
͵عٲֵͬʱ򣬵һʱ˵عٵͷ­µعٵļ޷ȡ
ˮٵʬǱȵعٵҪĶ࣬ʱ䲻׾ٵشԺеõļ䡣
ô졭Ҫܻٵţ
˲ӹͷ
ﺣš󡭡ȦӪء
ˮٵļ䣬˼ɶһﺣ֮ڵ΢ɳԺһ齨͡
ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ժˮٵһ䣬͵һ
ǡ
֮ǰʱ岢ûע⵽ǵˮһ䣬һЩصĶ
עѸٵؼеԺеɳϣھ޴Ĵŵ£̫Ǭбĵطһ㣬ԭյĵطֳһâ
ˮ֮鵽һ̫ǬйصĻ档
ŵĽ췽ֻ̫ǬһУֻǸΧΪ̫Ǭ촫ŵ̫Ǭһ˸˲Ҳȥʾ
ֻǿһۣ͸ое֮
⡭ѵǴŵģ
ϸƬ̣ͻȻ֮һ׹
졢ءˮԶӣ̫Ǭô棬ʹǵļ֮иò̫õϢֻǱ巢˶ߡ
ǿ
졢ءˮҲ̫ǬɱˣȻﺣ֮Ͻ󷨣һۼ촫ţһ̶ڸĵϢ
Ȼһâ
ʹϿգƬƯڿеġ󡱣һֱΪǴ˺ѿռر仯һɲǣˣʵ̫ǬصǸӴŶĽ
忴飬к˽⣬Ҳֱ治
κ󷨵ĽתҪ֧ţҪôؼ۵ȻҪôͱжġ
ҪһôӴĴţȥͨͬʱգҪ;ͨȻ֧ŵģ֧ŵģһһ̺Ӵġ
ӴűϢǴһӴĵز̫ʼҲ޷֮⡣
ôҪģΪʲô̫ǬһȫػǰԶĵصѵ
һɲǣƤ뵽ʲô
Ҫȥȥ
һһգۣʩչݵ֮û
صһƬڰ岢ûһɢȥ̽ص׵Ķ£κεľ̫Ǭע⡣
ˣⰵյĵصףˮΪܹ͸޴ڵĴعظ֪ص׵ж
ĸ֪ܹͨϵ쵽Բʮ֮⣬ָоͺϹһ㣬ޱȡ
ҲϹ̥츳ͨ͵عٵͬĵط
һصףûоָ嶼ܹظ֪ǰķ
̫Ǭʵߣ׼£չ£Ҳܸ֪֮ĵصס
ʱ仺ţȫϢر̫ܿǬѸͨĵصػأ̫Ǭķ
¡¡
Žľ룬͸оһӴͷϷǹл̺һǿҵġ̹ǵĺ⡣
⵽ʲôģһٶ󷨵£ӴϢй¶
֪ǹɿֲϢ尵ľ
Ĳһǳ˷ɢģ֮ǰµʱ岢ûиоϢ
֪һ̫Ǭʹ󷨽ĵϢ̶ܽĲ͡
ݣ
һԥ̫ǬﺣķϷȥ
һٶʮ
ʮ
ʮ

ԽԽ̣̫ǬǴĵλҲԽԽ
˵صʼͬ˻ƽ滺ôԽϷкµϢʱ籩ң£еľ֪ɱܵӰ죬˼㡣
ȥԽԽأҵŶﵽ㣬ռ䶼ʼ
ԭЩĻᱻ̫Ǭ֣Ǹоǰ֪̫ǬͲܷԼ
ʵϣעҲ
ſֽţȥ
ʮ
ʮ
ڡΪʹŹܵġ
һտɫģͬɽӴ壬ٸػǿ󷨺ȣ龧Ӵ˰ٱֹ̺Ӵĵز
ÿµĻ
͵۾
ѹ־̫ǬѾڵص׽һǿ󷨣ѹбһɹܹ󷨣ͬӺһŵصк
ֹˣ֪ǲΪߵͱޱȵԭ򣬺֯ʹõʼΪԵһ̥΢۷ΪȻҲʼоڵ˱ⶳļ
ֱ͸͸˼άҪˡ
ǵǴռģ
𶯲ѡ
һָоǰͻܵĥ˺ҪͨƵܣ̫Ǭ
͹ĺһεϣ赲ǰ
Ķʱȥ
һʼû뵽ģ


ڶǧʮ ϵ̥춯
ˣ
ʱ仺ȥأ׼ı⣬ѰʱͻȻ֮䣬һĸоԶ
ǵ̥
һʱΪ⡣
ڶ̥̥Զѹ󣬵ʱȴоԭƽĵڶ̥ͻȻһĲֲԼ
̥Ҫģ
Ƭ̣ͻȻ׹𶯲ѡ
̥Եһ̥ʵǿͷϷıŷտɫĵһ̥һּѹвҲʹԿʹš
ʼϲǣʱȴӵ̥ܵһǿҵĿ
̥Ҫõ
Ƭ̣ܿ·롣
Լһ֮ȥٴγԭλãֻ϶һӰǵ̥
֮ǰĴսˮٱɱʬǱ̥°ߵģˮǿˮϵ̥ͬա
岢ûпȥƵ̥ԣݱȥж
ϷտɫĹâƺƣͬٲһˢŷԲ߰ʮĵصףҫ۵ĹâϹ̥ƳһƬɫ̥վһ
ΪһжԼĴʱ򡪡
䣡
ͻȻ֮䣬̥˫̧𣬻ض׼ϷӴĳˢµտɫٲĿУһͻȻ֮ı䷽˲Աߵĵ̥
һĻͫһ
һ̣̥ͺǱһκ࣬Ǳ̹ǣĺûаˣֱûڣȻȫյظɸɾҵ̥ڲƺҲû̫ı仯
⡪
Ҳסˣйâ˲Ϣ֮뷨
Ϲ̥֮Уֻеһ̥ɳߣؾ츳ͨڵڶ̥͵̥ٳûʲôѵ˵
ûȥһ̥ܿķ߽˼ǿϵչ̥סϢ
ܿͷԼĵǶˣھ޴Χ궯ǵأɽХһǿҵ˼㣬£̥ɵĺ΢ȫǿҵڸ
ʵϣ̫ǬľҲû
صǿҵľ֪̽ûκ壡
ʱ仺ȥ̥ڵۼԽԽ࣬ĸ֪У̶ʱڣ൱һʢ״̬΢۷ǿߵˣ̥ͬ޵׶һɢĺ
أҲˣڵ̥ĵ޾ĺۣ۳һöտɫطġ
öطĵǣ£˷ٲ׷ܵϵػ۶̥ϢԽԽǿ

ʱ˿̣ر޴Ĵ·̫ǬһɫۣӴľˮкذ㸲ΧʮķΧ
ҹɫž֮ǰɧѾƽϢ
̫Ǭǰûκ䵨Υ
Щԡ
̫Ǭüͷ΢壬ͻȻ֮˫ۡ
̫ˣ̫ǬͻȻ֮ǰġֻС󡱡
عٺˮٱɱѾаʱˣЩ֮󣬾û˶ƺ뿪ˡ
̫ǬʼվЩԾ
Щɱعٺˮ٣ƻ˷󣬱ȻͼıӦô׵ؾͷˣֻǸ֪ԼǿΪûлᣬη壬Գ׷ƻˣ
ߣվСֻ֮Ҳͷ¶βȵɴţһҪһ򾡣
̫ǬһٴμӴעʹС
ԭԤƻʱɴŵĽ죬ڣŴ䣬ŵĽѾǰòôʱˣ
̫Ǭľɨķٴμһ󣬲¹ƽ

ʱ˿̣̫Ǭʮĵص̥߾ȫյص޴ڵı
̥յٶȺܿ죬糤󺣰ԴԴӿ̥ǿŵ̥
̥ܵѾ߾ȫͣգԴ޾һԴ̥յЩԵ΢
ͬȹ̴ţӴ
ⲻǵһ̥ոɾġ
Ѿˡ
ǡȻҪ츳ͨˣ
忴Ѿһտɫĵ̥а
˵ʼֻǲ²ĻôڣѾ϶̥ȷȷʵʵھѣڲǿʼϱƽһ̥
ԭĵ֮УöϸСտɫѾʼ仯Ƶؿеλã仯һöεı塣
ö渡ֳһģ͸¶һɹ
ܹö֮и֪һɺΧǺӦǿ
ϵͨ
ڣȷ̥ھѵ츳ͨȻǼǿıϵ츳ͨ
ǳϣ벻̥Ȼʱ츳ͨ
дʱҲǾ̾ѡ
̥У˵һ̥̥ͨڳ˯״̬
ûκϿɲ飬ҲûκѰҲ֪ΰ̥츳ͨ
̥־ѣ˵Ǹջ
ػڵ̥ԣСʮֹעϷ
˵֮ǰƽʹŵĻôڣ巴һʱˡ
ı󶯣
һָо̥ܹȫڵıϵͨ˵Լжо޴
ʱ仺ȥصһƬ̥ڣһڶ̥ڵı廹ڲΧĺһǿԼڵıϵͨ
Ƭ̾ͳɹˣ
һֱע̥ڵһǣҲ΢΢Щš
ͬʱھ޴Ϸ̫ǬĬĬӿŵĽ졣
һ̣û˿ס
ˣ
̫ǬƤһͻȻ֮䣬͵ۡ
Ծ
̫Ǭüͷһš˲ˮ
͸͸ҲƵİţҲûзκ쳣֪Ϊʲô̫ǬʼԾ
ܸоʲôڷԼȴ֪
̫Ǭüͷ΢Ŀһͷһ̡
䣡
̫Ǭ׹һȻһƳŵص׺ݺȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ԭɢأ鲼˷ľҲѸٻΪһɣΪĳŵصʮΧݺݵȥ
ⷬףٶޱȣֻ̼䣬;ؿռ䣬䵽ڵλá
ţ
ϣ̫Ǭüͷһ壬дΪ⣺
ô£ѵжϴˣ
֪ص׵һ˲䣬̫Ǭɻѡ


ڶǧʮ 츳ѣ磡
̫Ǭľ̽Уص׿յģЩģһ·£̽⵽ʮ֮£ȻʲôҲûз
ﺣ֮ȫ̫Ǭľ֮УֻҪ˿Ӳĸ֪
ΪԴӺпǾ͸Ӵش
Ȼﺣʵһֱصע̫Ǭֳɾڼͷ޺;ͺϣκ˿ᱻ֡
ǣƬΨһ޷Ƶģǵص𵴵Χ
̫Ǭ֮ǰҲԹﲼýƺ;ӡûãȫɢݳĿݻˡ
ʲôط̽ⲻģҲֻˡ
ˣʹϾҪˣôؼʱ̣ҹң̫ˣ
̫ǬţܿͳԼľʹŵ
ͬʱһٶĵص
գ
һץŵ̥ڵصף̫ǬľѸԶȥгһ
ոһɲ屾ܵĸоΣգǧһ֮ʣһץ̥õضͨ·Ժ̫֮Ǭľ
ķӦһ㣬Ľȫͬ
ص׻ָƽ岢ûóȻǰǼȴ
Ȼ
䣡
̫Ǭǿֲľٴϯ£Ƭٴɨһ顣
һΣ̫Ǭƺģ˺ɨ跶Χ
ѵҶˣ
ɨã̫Ǭɻ૵
ʹŶ˵֯˵ʵ̫ҪˣʹòСĽӦԡ
ʵǰٶǣ̫ǬҲòţȷʵǽɧľˡ
ʱ仺ȥɨ˲ֹٱ飬̫Ǭڲŷջ˾̽顣
һУһССĲָܿƽûκεĲ
Ϻ꣡
̫ܵǬûɨļڳٴһ
лǷǳŵȴ
ãһûκη䶯Ŵŵ̥ٴǱ˾޴·ץʱ
Լ֮飬һ죬ĵ̥깹츳ͨһ˿
磡
̥츳ͨ׾ѵɲǣҲ˵̥Ϣ
͵һ̥̥ͬıǴıϵͨӵвٿҺ̬Լͷźǿҵ߷ʱ򣬿ԼȫĳضĿ˲䶳ᣬ״̬
ֶᲢǵıǺ͸ڣ͸ԷȫѪҺ˼άֲ
ߣ
̥츳ѣԥŵ̥ݵ뿪

ҹɫУһȼգԾȴûʲô¶ȣĹâһɹۿɼĺӱ
ȥҪ˶ãͻ᳹Ϩ
˵˼ȴȫ
̥Ȼɹѱϵ츳ǾʹɴҴӺ̶ŵĽչлҪˡ
̫ǬһУڲܷʲô뿪šȻ츳ֻͨҪ̫ǬػǾ޷š
˿ڵĿⶢŵһŸĵͼ
ΧŴţ˺ܾãȴʼûҵԸ̫Ǭķ
ҪͰҵļƻ̫Ǭע⣬ǣסƵ󷽣ٵţ
ûá
ҡҡͷ
˸׶쾳ǿ󣬾ڸ־£˵ʵܿ죬Ѿﵽ۹󽫼𣬵̫Ǭֱ̫ǰ¸ûκλᡣ
ֻңҲǯ̫Ǭڶ쾳ǿǰκλᡣ

²
־ᶨ
롣
üͷ΢ɲҡҡͷ
ʵԽǿԽ׾֮ľ޴࣬˵ˣȥҲֻ·һ
Ȧķƣ̥츳ͨҲѾѣʲôʹ뿪ģ
Ҵӿĺ봫ɵʱҲԽԽˡ

ڳ˼ʱһ󺮷紵֮УһƬɫĶƮ
ѩ
һ̧ͷ
ֻҹɫУ֪ʱƮ˶ëѩѩ׷ﺣ֮ϵķϯ
һɲǣ˵Ŀʱޱȡ
ǵʱ䲻ˣ
ž
ڼž֮Уһϸ΢ĴͻȻС
ĿһʶعͷѭȥֻһƬƬɫѩûǰܻУ໥ڡײʱһž֮
һɲǰԾ棬йâһƺͻȻ뵽ʲôˡ
а취ˣ
۾΢Уﺣ֮ϴŵķ򣬻վ

ʱ仺ȥﺣ֮ϣԲʮѻΪһƬװıѩ磬ӿﺣҲֳļһգӵƬӿġС
ӿġ·޴ŵϢԽǿһɹŨǿϢĻƺɫϴӾ޴ŵһʱɢݳ
ֹˣ͸ųһȥһƬģңԶ硣
ܸ޾ʱգκ˶Ըܵһľζ
ʱͳˡ
£̫Ǭгһ
ʹŵĽ켫ķѾҽѶҲ󣬻ֱֻ̫ǿ߲ɽ졣̫Ǭǿ˵Ҳмѹ
ʱһжҪˡ
ǼֻСҲѾʧˣ
ڷ̫֮࣬Ǭ뵽ʲôһ˿ɫ
׼ڴŽ֮ȥǼֻ󣬵ڿѾòˡ
ӵÿ졣
ȻʱɳɳͻȻһϸɲ죬Ӷߴ
ţ
̫Ǭüͷһ΢ʶķȥ
ƽߴѩյģʲôҲûУһ̣̫ǬĿۼĳط
һӰ
һ۵ʱ̫Ǭû⣬ǵ̫Ǭϸʱһ±ɫ
ߣֻӲСʱ򻹸ҳڱǰ
ǲ֪
̫ǬЦһһ˿ɱ
ͬʱһһ㣬ķѩԶ
̫Ǭ׼𣡡
Ĵϣѩһۣһ˴ݲȵĴԶﺣ֮
ɳɳ
Ĳÿһ̤ںĻѩһĽӡ
ȫûʹṦ˼һֱ̫̫ǬҲη塣
쵰
ˣȥɵ
ͬʱǰнʣҲԶ壬ɫҧгݵ
𼱣
̫ǬȻһЦΪ
ǰţ⻹ǶһҪһﵽǳ˼ԴӵжӲ


ڶǧʮ Ƴ

ХӴϴƻʵ졣
ʼʱԶڵƽߴֻϢѾ߳ʮ
䣡
Զս˻һƬңĳ֣¡ԼʱһƬҡ
ãǸɱʹˣ
СģҶԶһ㣡
ôˣ
ɲǣǵķӦȻΧȥһٿɱ߰㣬׷ȥ
֮ǰɱˮٵһսಿսսʿ뵽Χ֮УϣܹеʹԸЩġаħȻһսЩսʿһᵽʲô֮ս
һսЩΪ԰սʿ絾һ㣬ûпͱ˫սನɳȥ
ǧƵûأѾͬµսȫĹ࣬ڱɳȥɲǣѾһغˣ
սΧ鲼սʿʬ壬Էȴ½Ƕû˵ʱЩսɱ뺷ޱȵĲսʿŸܵĿ־塣
ֻ˲Ϣ䣬еĲսʿԶȥ̫Ǭ֮Ȼճһտ޴ͨ
ˣ
һھȦӪػɵĵط嶸ͣ˽Ų
ֻôһССĶԶ̫ǬȴƤ
ѡͣľ룬ԶҲǡǡ̫ǬĹΧ֮⣬ʹܹӵ㹻ķӦʱ䡣
㵽ʲôˣ
̫ǬԶԶ壬йâһ£
û˵㣬ＫΪƫƧ˭ģ⣬ӣҲʲôѪ֮ɣ
̫Ǭһ仰彣üһһ˿ɫܿͻָ
ǺǣȻֱ̫ĸ֣֪㣡
嵭ȻһЦ
Ϲ̥ȷʵѪ̫֮ǬʵһʵǺ£ǿˡ
һֱ̫֣̫࣬Ǭ΢΢һ¡
֪̫Ǭֲûʲôֱ֪̫־ͲôˣǰˣԼֹһֱ̫ĸ֡
Ƕģ
̫Ǭ۾ͻȻڵȻѯʣȷݡ
̫ʼĵ̣˵Ǹ̫ʣһ֮ӣ塣ڲǰսУʳڴƵľʦ֮Ҳ˲С鷳Ǹˡɣ
̫ǬȻؼ졣
Ŀ絶ƽķ·͸
ΧһƬˣһսʿãȻ֪̫Ǭ֮˵Щʲô
վȦȦ紦΢ж͸һ˿ݡ
ʲô
ȻҲ˵֮ӡ
Ҳû뵽λүȻ᲻ԶܵôƫƧĵط
Ͳֵġ
һ˲䣬ٵĿҲޱȡ
һǳŴģ
һǣͻȻʲô
ֻʼջףôص飬֯ڲûж֪ô֪ģ
̫ǬȻԶȴ֪ҵ֣֯ڲ˴֮ҲŲٵϵ̫ʼ֮䣬ˡ
͸òˣɱ㣬ӦҲ̫ܶʼǱɲٵɣ
΢΢Ц

ĻٲȻŭ
Զ£̫ǬҲɫ䣬϶һĺ˪
ߣãñĿ࿴ɣҪôɱң
̫Ǭ
̫ǬĻͬЦһĿңңԣȴûǰ
ģĿһ̫ǬϻƵǰϡ
ৣ
һĻ˴⣬ĿԼϣٶıɫ
Ҳû뵽̫Ǭ˵ĿȴͻȻ䵽Լϡ
ಣ
һΣûиٳĻᣬһգ˲佫Ӱħʩչޣȥ
̫ǬòǰƣڱϾ
Ҿɱһ£ɱټıȻԸ㡣

һ˸˲ϿգͬʱŷѸٻΪһһ־޴Բתˮ̣֮ƣ·ٺݺݵȥ

־ŭ
Ƴ
¡
ʽȻͬӴҵײһһɲɽХһ㡣
ٵʵνǿֻǵ͹Ӧ
¡¡ӿһһӰͬʱתһĹڴ컯ǣ£ȫתƵ˿մ飬͵һƣݺݵٵؿڡ
ˣ
һƾͱѹƣ·磬ٶɫ΢䣬԰˲١
Ϊ֮ףǷ֮
飬һڵĹâڵ͸ѿֳһѷصʱջӰ
Щڵ˲Ϣͱٵʱ
֮壡
бڵعٺˮٵͨҲٳΪ֮׵Ҫԭ
ٲԴʱ֮нһԽԷԼʱʹöԷĹȫЧҲܽܵ˺͡
ɱ
һлȥХһȦеĺ´Χɱ
϶ҧ
ǵʵһ涼Ķ֣֣һϣԶɺܴѹ
𣡡
ٵһ˵Х쳹أʣµţ׷ױ仯֣׷½ữ޻ĻڶѸٴӸȥ
һ࣬´֮Ҫ׼սĿȻһ
һл٣ûгʤ׷׷ɱѸת䷽뵽һں֮С
䣡
һ춯صıըУ绢ȺɱЩˡ
Ϲ̥Щи߲ʣǿޱȵĺˣͬ߹һ㣬һһ£ͬϯ£һ½ữ޻ĺˣѸ촻
ŭХں治׷ɱʩչӰħ֮ǰòϵĻɱЩˡ
ֻһҽУ̶ʱ䣬ġħơǰһȺ˶ʱ˲ء
һ̫࣬Ǭѩѩ罫˳еԽᡢԶ䡢顣
Ȧɱɱĺ˷׷׵֮£ЩĲսʿܵ˲ƬƬսʿɱȫûһ֮У̫Ǭȴƽû˿
֯ڲȼɭϡ
ЩڶıսЩʵǿĺˣ̫Ǭ̫ʼ߲˵ľһ㡣
ֻҪԭ⣬ʱ׵ģνġʿ
ЩˣֻҪʱ䣬һ
ǿߣҲĺģ
׷ɱǣûκ壡


ڶǧʮ ɱУ
Ҫʱˣ
ʱ򣬷ѩ̫ǬƮ촽΢ڿˣ˫Ĺâ
Ȼ㲻֣Ǿɣ
̫ǬĮؼص
ԶȺдɱɱ壬һ¶Ȼ΢΢һͣҲʶĻͷƳ̫Ǭķһۡ
̫Ǭܰ㣬һ
ѺʹΪһ壬Ѹ·һץͬʱָȻս
䣡
ʯ쾪̫ǬΪģһɹǿʱղۿɼٶΧ𵴡
Ϊù𣿡
̫Ǭɫޱȣָ߬ȻһһӴԽؿռ䣬˵صĳط
ҳɣ
ã
صھ޴տɫĵĵطһ󾪺ԭ͵͵Ǳ뵽·͵͵Ҳ󷨵ĵ̥ѸٱһӴʱ֮á
һȺ֪ĶȻҵҵŪļƣ浱֪ڵص׵Ķ𣿡
䣡
âһû˷Ӧ̫ǬȻһǰֳһ޴ʱպڶ̥տɫĹ룬ӾѾӵص˳

ԶһĻҪͣˡ
֪̫ǬʵǿҲûϵ̫ǬʵȻǿ˹ֲĵزصʱգȻǿнصտɫ޴ʯڲƻ󷨵ĵ̥˳
̥Ľƻڵصףͷ­ȴ˵档
ʱ֮֮
ã
ɫһףΧеĺˣӰħ֮ʩչޣ˻Ϊһĺߣ縡Ӱһ㣬Ծ˵ٶȳžʹŵķȥ
̫Ǭʵʵ̫ǿˣ
֮Ըҵ̫Ǭ޼ɵĳдɱɱΪ׼̫Ǭ޽ţؼʱ̸޷˫֮뼫Զ̫Ǭʱֻ֮Ҫץס޷κε
ǵ̥̫Ǭǰǰ̫Ǭʵôľ룬Ҫɱ̥練ơ
ߣ
̫ǬһĻһмһˣɱص͵ȡĵġСèϷһ㣬ʣµһһŰɱ
ɣ
̫Ǭʱ֮˼㣬˳ָſֱץ̥ͷ
̫Ǭһ͸¶ƺƣһƾֱץ̥ͷ­
ˣ
̫Ǭָץס̥ͷ­ɲǣ̫ǬƤһͻȻ֮䣬͵ؼ£һּ䲻Եĸоӿ
ԣ
ʲôˣ
̫Ǭ͵Ťͷ̥ӵصǴʱͨ
һʱͨкģƺʲôûзһоͺĻþ
ȻҲգ۵ʱ䣬صһ˺ܾõͻȻ֮䱬
ûᣡ
ڣ
ǸһǿϢ޵˲䱬ͬһʱ䣬̫Ǭ򿪵ǴʱͨҲ˱仯
䣡
һ̣һҫ۵ɫâͻȻǴѾҪرյʱպڶб
ʼʱɫĹâֻϸөһ㣬ֻգۼ䣬˰ٱֹ˾޴ɽһ㣬̺İǽ̫Ǭûȫرյʱͨǿгſ
Ϥ⣬֪̺ĻصĿ̫Ǭͫһɫ䡣
ģ
ڵʮﴦʹŹ֮ܵԴ
ôܣ
̫Ǭҧݣ͵۾Ĳš
Ѿס˵ص׵ǸСҲ󷨼ӹ̣ôܻͻȻʱͨ
ǡ
ʯ䣬̫ǬԺһ⣬΢𣬶ʱʲô
ͬһʱ̣ƺǻӦ̫Ǭе뷨һı̺ƥȻӵص״
ҿ
һ̥ʯ쾪һװƺƵͨﺣ֮ϡ
ڱͬʱĵһ̥һץס˾޴÷ɽģͬʱһֱֻץס˵̥Ľף̫Ǭ̥עɲǣ岻ԼϢ΢۷弶Ӵǿĵϵ츳ͨȻ
¡¡
ɽ
һ̥Ӵ£̶ĵһǿƣֱѪţþȫɽӴ͸̫Ǭ򿪵ʱͨǿ˹ȥĺУһ̫Ǭľʹš
ʱյѰ߿ģ
̫Ǭ쾳ΪƤ¶ֽŸϼѣʥıʼǣᵽܶڶ쾳ܡ
쾳ǿߴ򿪵ʱͨȻշģ򿪺͹رնֻһ֮䣬ܹһɲǳʱ֮ͨУܹرյʱͨǿӳƬ̡
־ٶΣգû㹻ǿʵͺͳ졣
ĽȻǷǣ
ȴͬʵԭԶͨǿ߿ɱȣҪǣ彫ɽ޴ǿʱ֮ͨС
ʱͨĿ񱩵ǿгſͬʱҲֵסʱͨŰķ֮֮ΪӮһ˿Ϣʱ䡣
Ϲ̥˵ôһɲǵʱѾ㹻ˡ
ȣ
һ̥ӴһԽ̫Ǭͷ
ȥɣ
ʹΧк̫ܶǬµĽƣ彫ȫ뵽УǿƿЩƣŴȥ
ܵйĿӵģеһ̥
Űĺڵһ̥ںֱײ·һ̾Ҫ˺Ƭһ̥ҲڲϵĶᣬһ׹ȥ
е̥İǿֲĺɾޱȣʱѾܲôˡ
ԸоõеСɽ̲صӴȶͺһʱԱĻɽһ㡣
Ͼ֯촫ֻҪӴҪȶԴʼɽľǼȶġ
֮ǰʱ򣬵̥һֱǱΧԼϵ츳ͨڲ˷ӡƻڲƽ⣬ʹĸӵĲȶ
ǵ۲ȶﺣ֮ϣһڵĸӵΣպͲȶ
Ǿǣ̫Ǭľʹţ
֮Уȶľʱգ֯Ĵţǽصʱ֮С
ŽɣѾȶҲͰˣڵľʹŻδɵ״̬Ҳ̫ǬԶ쾳ǿʵȴڴˣؿŵعٺˮٱɱȴ޷ԮҪԭ
һȶģټһȶʱմţֲȶĶײһʲôЧ֪
ǳȻѩײʱĳΰ򱶡
֮ǰпһ㣬ͬʱҲԸ̫Ǭշ


ڶǧʮ 쾳ǿ
ڵ̫Ǭסֽţһʵ޷ȫʩչҲǶԸʱ
֪ʱȴŽɹͲκεĻˣ

ʱͨһԾĵһ̥ɽģ̫ǬƤһ˲ޱȡ
㷴ӦҲʶԼˡ
Զĵڶ̥ԼصԵĵ̥ȻȫնһֱǱԱߣȫϢĵһ̥ģɱﵡ
׵һ㣬̫Ǭͷ׵ĳ৵һ·˲ŭ˼㡣
޳󱲣Ƥ¶ֽš
ǲ֪
䣡
̫Ǭ˺붶һָֻ߬͵һȭϷȥ
ˣ
ھ޴ǰˮ˰㷺һʱͨ˲ͣɽķȥ
ʱͨһͨģһͨ˵صԭڵλá
ֹˣ̫ǬͷϷƬնĵͬʱӴʱ֮˲ס˵һ̥һһʱֱ֮ɺ֫Щʱ֮ķֱͬӾҪ˺Ƭ
ʱձѣ
̫ǬʱչѾﵽշĵľ磬ܴĹסҪԸһ̥͵̥練ơ
һʱձֱӾͽıһΡ
ֹˣ̫ǬʵԵһ̥͵̥˵ʵ̫ǿˣһڻΣͬʱҲһ̥͵̥˲վ
޼᲻ݵʱ֮Ϲ̥ټӲʵǿһСģҲʱзǵΣա
һСģò׵Ϲ̥ͻֱ
ҵҪƾʲôڱǰˣֶΣ
̫Ǭ̹ǣȻڵһ̥͵̥ͬһʱ䣬һɰľǵأɽ·籩һﺣ֮ҵرը
䣡
ǿֲľ籩ݺݵײڵһ̥͵̥ϣײͷĿѣͬʱϨһ㡣
̫Ǭʵ̫ǿˣ
Ҳ̫ˣ
ʹŶͺ֯˵ޱҪԲʧ̫ǬҲܲķգԼһʱձѻΣΪ˱̫ǬǼһʱշ籩εѹס˵һ̥͵̥
һ̵̫Ǭδȫ
쾳ǿߵǿѾԶԶ˵
ʱѾΣյ˼㣬ۿŵ̥Ҫѹһ̥Ҳ̫Ǭʱձѷǣת£Σյ˼㡣
Ҳʱ򡪡
һĺͻȻ쳹ﺣ֮ϣ
ޣ֣
̫ǬƤһھɣûŪ仰ʲô˼һ̣ʶоһ˷ˣ޷޵ŭХ
𣡡
ĻУһ֪˶õĿֲϢͻȻ֮޵Լ产˵ٶȱ
ǹɾǵأʱ򣬾Ȼγۿɼĺ
̫Ǭľǣǹɺ֮иܵһɼµľǹɾֹʮ壬Ҳоһ˿Σա
ʲô
̫ǬƤһɲҲɵĺȻʧɫ
עһֱڵһ̥͵̥ϣѹû뵽ͻıʡ
Ȼһжˣʵϣ̫Ǭ׼Ҳѽס鼱µȫһ
䣡
ֻ̼䣬Ǻ˵ľصĻ̫Ǭʶ

ֻһʹУ̫ǬһӴʶķѡ
޵ķһǿ̫ǬҲ޷ܡ
رڵ̫Ǭոձ籩ƣҲ޷״̬
޼ֲľ£̫ǬԼʱ֮Ҳܵ˾޴Ӱ죬
̫ǬĶҲΪʶ⵽شɲǵͣ͡
ûᣡ
һ̥͵̥оǧѷĻᣬ䣬̫Ǭҵɲǣǿ̫Ǭ
ڡ
ʯ䣬̥ûкܣûǰһһңֻͬʱɽ޴ϡ
䣡
̥ƴȫȫĹע֮УɲǼ䣬ֻһХ޴ͬʯһ㷭ţ֮ƣײؿռ䣬ʹźȥ

һĻ̫Ǭ˲ɫ
ɲǼ䣬һǿĶ쾳ͬҫۣĵ֮бڼ˵ķŭʹ£̫Ǭʵ˼ޣֻƬյʱ֮һɫʱ֮˲סƬ
ɽѾһ뵽˾ʹУһ˲䣬ټʮɫʱ֮סĶˡ
һжüҲ̫Ǭһλᡣ
һĻ塢޻Զ˶ɫޱ䣬˭Ҳû뵽Ѿˣ̫ǬȻǿаĴӾʹ
䣡
֮¾
˵ʱʱ죬ҲʱһȴԶδ䣬һһɳĽɫì۵糸˲Ϣ䴩ؿռ䣬صײ̫Ǭؿϡ
ؼʱ̣Զĵڶ̥ڸ˹ƴȫʮ컯Ϊһì˹
۵̥̫ǬĶ֡
ڵ̫Ǭȫľϻϣ൱ʵȹסʹţͬʱҪԸһ̥̥Լ֮еޣʱ򣬵ڶ̥ĳֶ̫Ǭ˵ģ
̫ǬʵߣҲȫӵڶ̥ĵز
䣡
âһ̫Ǭǰ𵴣һȦȦʱ֮˲̫Ǭؿڣب˽ɫìǰˣ赲ס˵ڶ̥Զıɱһ
˳̫ǬȻס˵ڶ̥ġ֮¾ʱ֮ܵӰ죬ʹеҲֳ˿Ʋסơ
ƴˣ
嶴΢һĻ

û˿ԥϹ̥ͬʱʩչ˴컯ǿľС
Ȼûдﵽ쾳Ҳ޷̫Ǭزٿؿռ䣬һʱͨǴȴͬӵ֮ͬգﵽӰʱյЧ
¡¡
գ֮䣬΢۷ǿҵرԲʮڵգֱӱ˺һʱѷ죬̫Ǭʱ֮סΧһ̣Ҳܵ˾޴Ӱ죬һɫʱֱ֮ӱѡ
ʱ˵Ĵ̫Ǭ̫вƫƫʱ̫Ǭ㾡ȫɽӴޱȣ̺һġ
䣡
ľ޴ĳ£̫Ǭһʱ֮׷ױѿھ޴£ţһγֳʹеļ

Ҫͳͳɱ⣡
̫ǬʱҲŭˣ
žԲʧ
һɲ̫ǬҲƳȫǱˣһɰĽ⣬֮ǰӳңڱ̫Ǭһʱ֮ѣһɲǣȻٴȹ̳ͣŴеҲٴȶ
ֹˣн˸̫ǬϷʱصΪһɫĴݿ࣬޼᲻ݵľ޴ʱ֮УԼ廳еˣ


ڶǧʮ ʱձը
ⲻܣ
ʱҲޱȡ
Σ֣ϢŨҵ˼㡣
̫Ǭʵǿţ
û뵽ѾֵزѾƾƴȫȻ޷̫Ǭ
̫Ǭۼһɫģ޴ʱ֮УֻҪһ˲ܹǳնɱ
һɲǣսŵ˼㡣
УԲϻģ
񾭱˼㡣
û˱ףͻǰľ棬ƻţޣֻԶȫֻ·һ
ұ
ǧһ֮ʣһ˿Ĺâָһۣԥǰе̥õһҪ
飡
ԶʹУһϸ΢ģשɽдڴʱҵսи΢ţȴսıʡ
ֻһ춯صľ죬̫ǬעȫϵʱһѾǶʹŵģȻһһɿֲɽƺԶԶ쾳ļֱӴб
ǹǳտޱȣ̺ıϢǼ˶衣
䣡
ֻգۼ䣬ǹɿµݿֱӽ̫Ǭĵһɫʱ֮Ϥѡ顣
ã
ܵı仯̫Ǭʧɫһٴβٿʱ֮ģȻһжѾˣ̥еСʱ־Ѿעˡ
¡ֻһɽ޴ھʹŵԼӴԵ£ֱӳ裬û뵽˴С
ˣ
һɲǣԭѾȶҪɵľʹţͺ׽һըҩ㣬ͻȻҵ
ʹŸ˲ҵ˼㣬Ҳ񱩵˼㡣
һԶԶ쾳·㼫Ȳȶģ뵽һبʱ֮еľʹڣʲôЧ
ЩۺϷӦһըжôӴ
岻֪
ȴ֪Խ̥Լȫըʬ޴֣
ʵϣŻûбըֿ񱩵ϢѾһϰСĸо
ӳըĺķΧԼɣ
ߣ
ʯ䣬Ϲ̥Ҳ룬˲ڵӶݶȥ

Щӣ
ԶԭҪ֧Ԯ̫Ǭȴĵڶ̥ס٣ͻȻһ˿ǿҵĲʶһ̧ͷľտɫı봫еһĻ
ڣŶھҵĻζڲ౬̫ҫ۵տâʱڱɢصϢɫ䣬顣
һɲҲ˲壬ŵתƴسⱼӶȥ

ͬʱһŭȴ꣬ҡضھʹſʼѻɲǣ̫Ǭɫ࣬ŭܣ׳ŭˡ
¡¡ԭһֱڵأ촫ŵĴԼʹΪһ壬һ̣ڼȵķŭУذεվǰٱȥ
ͬһʱ䣬˫һ죬𵴣һɫʱ֮գϹ̥
Щʱ֮ÿһһʱͨĩͨĴš
Ҫ̥ͬޣһǸըĴУһǡ
Ȼ̫Ǭոһһɰľưǵأɽ˲غ̫ǬʶС
ĿֲУ̫ǬһٴػԭĹʱɲǵͣ͡
ؼʱ̣ٴγˡ
Σ̫Ǭߣ
ʯ䣬б˼㡣
ʹżը̫ǬΪ쾳ǿߣʵԶǿö࣬ҪܣҲǿöࡣ
ɹƻʹţһʵ̫Ǭ·һ
̫ǬȻҲôģԴűƻɲǣĲܣɱԼ̥
ܲܳɹڴһˣ
ʱ˿̣ΨһûиܵģҲֻĵ̥ˡ
޾ס̫Ǭɲǣԭ˵ĵ̥ͻȻת˷Ȼһѱס̫ǬͬʱԼȫԼӾ޴мȡӴ󺮳ȫ
磡
һɲ̥ڵտᾧͻȻâ㣬̥̫ͨҫ۵ıâ
һɱ֮ɽͷųĺҪĺޱ޼ʣȻӵ̥ڱ
ɱֲţ
¡
âһԵ̥ΪģԲǧڣ˲仯Ϊһ˪ѩı磬еһУƮѩƮѩĩƮĺˮζʱͿռڣȫ᲻
Χ·ʱ䶼ڣһжھֹ״ֻ̬޾һе˪ѩ
ĺĵش̫Ǭһۣŭڣԭ΢ѾҪ޵ľаѣգۼ䣬һ˲䱻ǿֲĺᡣ
̥ıȻƬ򣬵һ۵̫ǬĿ꣬ҲǱеĵط
ǿֲĺʱգҲ͸̫Ǭȫȫꡣ
̫Ǭľ籩Ҳˡ
ߣ
ֻһ죬ɹ̫Ǭ֮󣬹âһ̥˪ѩı磬㳯ԶӶݶȥ
ס̫Ǭ̫ãǴżը
ǿֲ˺ѵأһǧɳʱѷӵ˸߿ڱĻԲҲ֮ǰʮ
ֻһգۣͻ᳹ױ

Х̥Ӱħ֮߷˼ޣ̥Ϊ磬ϳպۡ
һɲʱ䶼·Ż
ɣ
һǧɣ
ǧ˰ɣ
ǧ߰ɣ

̥ٶȿ쵽㣬ǱҲȫʹűǹɿֲӰΡ
У
ԶԶ
һ
ȫͷƤ飬߾ȫܡ
ǧŰɣ
һһǧɣ
¡
һɲʱ·ָͬһʱ䣬һ·ƣľұըȻﺣ֮ϵĵط

ҲʱһĲҽӴŵķԶԶ̫Ǭڰ˵̥һжѾˡ
ӴĺͱĴһıѵɨ棬¡¡رѣԴΪģ̳һ޴ѷ˷ɢȥ
еʱҲ֮
̫ǬȻﵽ˶쾳ǵΧеʱձȫܵ˴ըӰ죬ܹٿʱգʱҲѡ
ľըѾԶԶ˶쾳ķ룬̫ǬӴǰҲԵһ㣬΢
Ҳڶ̫Ǭ֮󣬷ܲȫܵԭ


ڶǧʮ ͻĻƽꪣ
ֻһգۣҽȻֹ̫Ǭ˶ʱûɽȥ
̥˵ӳһɣӮʱȴҲȻûӳըķΧ
ˣ
ֻ̼䣬ǿֲıը㴩ɵʱգǰ̥

ֻһҽУں󷽵٣ٶѷһɳıը׷ϣһֱ֧飬ը촷ۡ
ԭܵʱ򣬻׷Ϲ̥֮󣬾һը֮󣬻ǣһ壬Ϊ󷽵̫Ǭִȡʱ䣬ʱֱӻҷ

һֲĺУ쳹أֻһ˲ǹ̳ε𵴲ٱҲˡ
űըԼıըȣǿҲԵ΢
ΣӰΣ
ͷƤ飡
ûʱȥٵ䣬Ϊܿ죬һˡ
ܹоõǹɽѰıըҪ׷ĿֲУͺ׼Լĺ󱳣һ˲ļƤ
ˣ
ͬоǿҵС
޷סⲨֲıըֹ̥˲䣬̥ΪһʶҲų׻ҷɡ
ڵ˵һش
һ岻ûܹĥĴˡ
ֲǣʦΧ̫ʼһĨĻʼǻ
˵ʱʱ죬ۿ̥Ҳúһ³ʱ򡪡
֮
֮

ϸ룬ĵһ̥˲佫Եع츳߷˼ޡ
¡¡ɽԲɵڣԶ¡𣬷·ܵĳٻ㣬׷׼̡ʵȻеĵһ̥
ֻգۼ䣬һ̥˲ʧȡ֮һнɸߣͬɽ壬ӴޱȵĴؾˡ
ͷϣӴĴ֮һһӲޱȵġ֮
⡰֮֮͡Ȼԡع١ʩչȴȵعҪǿöࡣ
ȻˣеĽȴû˿滺
֮
һ̥ԭֻг˴СǰһĴ죬ڴ֮ɲǣһ̥ҲѸٰθߣǵɸߣָһηʱԭĴС
ҲѸɫף
ͷԣһ̥߱ϵһ棬ҪԶеĵعǿöࡣ

ʱȣһ֮ĵһ̥赲ǰڶ̥Ѹٴۼ˵һ̥ͬʱڵĹӿ뵽˵һ̥ڡ
һ̥סˣͬʱѸٳŵص׶ȥ
һ֮գɽХıըҲ˲ˡ
¡
ֻһ죬һ̥ۼʱȽ֣Ӵޱȵġ֮һգ۾ͱˣþֽһҳ
һȡ֮ۼķ·̩̹˰ġ֮Ҳűˣɸߵľ޴˲ķѣΪС
е̥Ҳ˲䱩¶
ͬʱֲıըҲڴʱ׵ͷſ̥ѹ
ۣ
һ̥͵һڡѪֻüڵڶ̥ǰȻ̥ͬ类һεľ鳻Уݺصס
䣡
ԾʹΪģԲʮڣһһıը֮ǰٽȦΪƽأЩԭۼսʿһ˻ҲѸٹƽ
ھԵǰ塣
ЩӦٻսʿڱŵıըкֱӱʬҰ
֮ǰȥԸЩ׼ȥʳıսʿһѾòˡ
ԲڣѾûκλŵսʿˡ
ţ
һƬţ
ﺣ֮һƬǽ壬κδڵļ
ȿȣ
ãһĴϣһĵرâһһӰӵص׸˳
̫ǿˣûм£Ǻòˣ
ĵһ̥ӵ¸ڵϣ˼ڡѪ
̥ûѪҺ֮˵Щȫĵ̥Ԫ
űըʱգͬĵȫģĵһ̥ʱܵĥĴˡ
һƬƬɫƬѿ
Ϊϵǿ̥һ̥̥ⷽ㣬ҲǿģͬʱҲըƾ衣
ãҿݵؼһֳȻ·һˡ
ҲǰҲѡ
ˣ
峤һܿ죬âһԱߵĵ̥һ죬ϣһֻ̣죬һɹɱϢŨ˪ﵽۿɼĵزӵһ̥ɢ
꣬ŵ̥Ķһտɫƾճͣһ׹ȥֻգۼ䣬ڵһ̥ű߶ѻСɽһ㡣
Щǵһ̥֮ǰǱɽԣ뵽ڵĺ
ը̫Ǭ岢ûиۣ̥ѾԼıϵ츳ͨһ̥˺ǿֲĺɶԵһ̥˲ĥ˺
λȥҪúõһʱˣ
ڵƣа
ǿտɫģֲ̺ıϵκ˶Դģ˵ΨһֵҵǣȻ״ĵʱ䲢ֻж̶һڵƻ̫ء
ˣγɹٵţըһ̫ǬӦԶԺ֯ɺܴĳٶʱɵˣ
ⷬţܿվ׼뿪˵أԶҲ壬ķ
һδը˵ġ
֪ʵ̫ͣ޷̫Ǭ֮սټжԺ˵ķߺޣһֱڽ¾ЩˣԶ˱ըġ
ңŸոձըо˲ԣ㾡ȫܣⲨըУġ

ԶҲ̥Ҵҵĳ˹
һ̣·𿴵ʲô˻𣬶ͣ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳϲ״ʶŤͷԶȥȻۣһʱһؽɫĶꪷޱȣͻȻӵһ̥ĺ󱳴룬ǰĴ̳
㵣
һɲǣʱ䶼·ֹˡ
忴ǰ̳Ľɫꪣ˶סˣĲ˼顣
̫ͻȻˣ
ȫû˿׼
ĶҵĴţҪ
һ̣һ޾ĳޣһ㣬Ȼؿռ䣬˶
ۣͬʱǱ̴һ̥Ļƽꪷ·ܵĳεٻ˲˳ʧ١
ֱʱĵһ̥һ͵³һھѪ
̫ǿˣ
ƽꪷĲ˼飬һ̥񻤼׾Ȼ


ڶǧʮһ ѽ٣ŭ̫Ǭ
̫Ǭ̫Ǭû
Զв䣬Ҫͣˡ
ԶƺӦһ޴Ľɫʱ֮ƾճ֣⻷ڲռֻ̮һâ̫ǬɢȻʱͨ˳
ɴ־ԵۣԭŵըãѪеŴݶѾȻ޴档
̫ǬϢңŶЩݣȻڸոǲ޴ıըУ̫Ǭܵ˾޴Ĵˣվǻ
ಣ
̫ǬһУǸƽꪷһХУӹؿռ䣬С
̫Ǭɷһ˫ݺ˶塣
Ϊӵ𣿡
̫ǬҧгݣǱ쳹ء
棬壬ޣڣҪͣˡ
û
ôıըôֲĻļ֮УӦûκ˿ԴŶԣȻû뵽̫ǬȻɹĻҾȻܼٿʱ֮
һɲǣֻзѡ
ߣ
ȫԺֻʣһͷ
̫ǬǿѾԶԶԤϣǾԴ򲻹ġ
̫ǬȻˣʵ½ڸոյıըҲͬˣĵһ̥̫Ǭһش
Ǹƽ֪ꪲʲôϣǿţһ̥Եֵ˵̥
ļƻ״ңҪֻܾܡ
ߣ
ֿܣ
峯Զ
̫Ǭ̫ˣĸһֻ·һʱֿܣ̫ǬĿ˿Գɹ롣
ˣ
ĵһ̥ǿ̾ʹһץסڶ̥ѸʩչϵݵͨһȦȦƷ̥Ծ˵ٶȳŵصǱȥ
̫Ǭһ׺ֱӹᴩУѪ֮ˡ
Ϲ̥ǧ۳ǿޱȣˣĵһ̥Ҳܵ޴Ĵˣ帽ڵһ̥ϵʶҲͬܵش
࣬ˮֿĵһ̥Ծٶȳŵص׶ȥڶ͵̥ȫĹӿһ̥ڣȫܡ
ڶ쾳ǿ˵պ͵磬ôӶӲ̫Ǭ
Ҫ̫ǬΨһĻǵصףĿǰǻ̫ʼ̫ǬЩ쾳ǿʵǿ󣬵߱ݵͨ
쾳ǿߣǷΧԼаֻҪӳΧ̫ǬʵǿҲһΪ
ͷƤ飬ֱ̫ǬΣոӰΣƹ֮һ㡣
Ψһϣܹ͸صĴ̫ʼ޷ɹԸԼ
䣡
ͬʱһǿҵΣոд룬һΣڵʯ䶸Ȼı䷽ڵص׻һΣ
ı䷽ͬʱһƽͻȻƾճ֣Ȼغԭλãҵըص׶Ҳ
巴Ӧ죬ڹؼʱ̱ܿһѾˡ
ݣ
һգƽΧһƴСʱ֮ƾճ֣һ£ǸƽûУʧ
ʱ֮
塰һĻҲһݣҲû뵽̫ǬȻܹǸ޼᲻ݵĻƽꪺʱ֮ںһֱַʽ͸ص谭
ʱ֮ʤһصף̫ǬĻƽɿԲ谭Ĺ
䣡
˼䣬һǿҵΣոдвһٴθı䷽б·ȥ
ԭվĵطƽȥ֣ٴι壬һε֮ǰӴ󣬰һɽХıըԲڵĵزȫܵ˲׷׶ѣŶڵλ̮
ˣ
һɫϸСʱչ⻷ǸƽһԾٴûʧ
ʱ˿̣ϣ̫Ǭһţһʱ֮ǰöǿĻƽꪶʱٴС
ι̫Ǭɫ䣬˿Ҳ˿ܴ졣
ֻâһһɣлһ޴Ļߣ˲ʩչݵͨʧĵط
ߣɣӲ˵ģ
̫ǬĿɭȻһĿк˸ͬʱһŵصȻһץ
¡¡
ɲǼ䣬𶯣̫ǬΪģԲǧڵĵҲһȦȦɫʱ֮Ѹɢ͸¡
ͬʱڳŵصȫٶȥͻȻ֮䣬Χһԭˮ˲üӲ֣ͬһʱ䣬һɫľ޴Բ̥ȫȦм䡣
ã
֪һ仯˲ɫ
ʶҪѾˡ
䣬ֻһ죬һӴѸٷر
ɣ
̫ǬǱ̹ǵͻȻ֮ڶԡ
ԭڰĵص˲ʧһƬƬѩӿƮɢ£ֻգ֮䣬ͬʱ˵ر
ǰ̫ǬϤӰһȻɽͣǰ
һ˲䣬һĳˮס
ʱձѣ
̫ǬĿһָۣһţʱ𵴣һɫʱ֮˲ŷˡ
֣
ֲֿΣŨҵ˼㣬һɲǣ˲ͬʱ˶Ӱħʩչ˼ޣһ̫ǬһΣյʱ֮һȫ̫Ǭȥ

֮¾


һĹɽХһ㣬̥ڱŷһƥȻĲɵڶ̥ڴʱ
䣡
籩ĹЩʱ֮Щԭޱȵʱ֮â
Ч
忴һĻдϲ
֮ǰ̫Ǭ˵Ĺֻ¶ûκεЧ¾Ĺɱһʱ֮赲һȦȦԾ𶯣ԼȶĿ֮˵̫ǬԶԼҪصö࣬٣Ǻ޶ԿĻᡣ
С󣡡
̫ǬĮӶߴδ䣬ָһʱ֮Ҫˣǳ˺Ƭ
Ҳʱ򡪡
𣡡
һ˷ˣ޷޵ٴδ䣬Ӵľһ㣬ٴغ̫ǬԺ֮С
ֻһɲǣ̫Ǭɫһףɫʱ֮ͻȻһ٣Ȼаʱ֮׷飬ʧ١
ˣˣұеĻҪأ취ʶ
޼ͻȻԺ
һɲǣͻȻ̫ǬϾ޴ǰ̫ǬȻǿһ㣬ʶԶˡ
ﺣ֮ϷıֻǼ򵥵Ĵڵʱ𣬻ǿɽһտɫĵľұը
ڵص׵ʱ˾Ѿķǳ⣬ھʶӵмĸź˺ܹ˵ꡣ
̫ǬըģȻҴʶҲܵش֧顣


ڶǧʮ һ˲
쵰ԭ㣬һкȻҲڱǰ
ͬʱ̫ǬĿһƺҲʲôʳָңңһ㣬һգͬʱ̺ʱշָ֮廳еˡ
һָҪǻУ޵˿ΪС
Сģ
ʱҲһݣ̫ǬսʱʵѾڸ޵Ϣֻ̫Ǭֶ쾳ǿǰܿסһʱǱʶˡ
䣡
âһֱٻʮ죬ȫסеˣֻһĵһ̥һͬ߷һ㱻̫Ǭ˳ȥ
磡
ۿ̫ǬҪ׷ɱȥһݣ̥˹ȥͬһʱ˼㣬
ֻһ˲ס˷Բʮĵ棬ɫ˪ѩƾճ֣Ƭ򣬷ȥ·綼סˣһжֹ
ڱ룬̫Ǭһ˪ٴ˱֮С
ûᣬϣ
ۿš硱ٴν̫Ǭᣬбɲڶ̥ƴȫѸٻʮ죬ΪһɳĽɫìҲ룬̫Ǭ˹ȥ
꣡
ȻֻһĴ죬ûȵڶ̥Ľɫì̫Ǭһ㺮ѷ׷飬ĺ֮УһֻȭͷȻֻһͽڶ̥͵̥ͬʱɳȥ
ͬһУΪԵڶͷ𣡡
̫Ǭޱȣֻһ˵̥ġ硱
˵̥һʩչ绹̫ܽǬסһϵĻôͬһУ̫Ǭϣʱֱһϣֻа벻
ôܣ
ʱ˿̣еɳȥĵ̥һĻһɫʱ԰ޱȡ
ǰ̫ǬǶġ硱˿ԣ˼Ϊ
Զ̫Ǭּ佫̥ȫ֮󣬲ûоʹͣ֡

̫Ǭɫ䣬ڻ˵ͬʱ͵һ̤ɲǼ䣬̫ǬΪģһӴľ籩
䣡䣡䣡
ֻһը̥ػٴα˳ȥ
صĵһ̥͵̥һҰף̫ǬĹײꡣ
̫֮Ǭڴըܵش٣ˣʵԶˡ
ˣɱҲ練ƣ
̫Ǭޱȣһէ֣Ǳµġ޼᲻ݵĻƽٴγС
䣡
û˿ԥ̫Ǭһƽֶ
ͬһʱ䣬һŨҵΣϮͷ
ǱƽꪵҲ̫ǬƽжôǸ޷ֵ
䣬ֻһ죬âһĵ̥˲䱻ƽꪻУΣʱֻ̣üһƣձܿҪλɱƽꪹᴩ磬һ޴Ѫ
ֹˣƽƺ̺һľֻԺһʹ
̥Ժеһ꾹ȻֱӾͱƽ壬Ҫ鿪
ͬҲڵڶ̥ϣ̫ǬĻƽлһ޴Ļߣ䴩̥֮󣬽Ŷ˵ڶ̥塣
ֻһ̫ǬĻƽꪾͽش̥

ʯ䣬ۿŻƽྡྷЪԼһֱ̥ӱˡ
ֻйâһֳһƬ޴ĺڶʱնˡ
һ赲ס˻ƽֲ꪿Ĺˣһ̥ؿһʹٴαƽꪻѨ
֮ǰܴĵطӭƽꪣ⵽ĳС
һ̥һһѪٴαɳȥ
̫ǿˣ
ңգۼ䣬̫Ǭ֮Ϲ̥
ƽ̺Ķ쾳͸ɲǣɢеʹʹޱȣ̱
ЩԶûн
ߣһ˱ĴţǱǸҵĴһᣬһ·ǵĸо
̫Ǭɫ԰ףŭɶָһץջȥĻƽꪡ
˲ᣬƵضʱ̫֮Ǭ˵ҲǼĸġ
̫Ǭ˲ôˣֻС໨ôʱ;ĴţҪĶûˣҲζҪؽѾǲܵˣŽľƻҲܵӰ졣
ѾԤ뵽ŭӡ
̫ǬŭǣֻСȻ֮ǰĴըУһʱһ˿ϸСʱշ϶ʱ֮Уͻҷˡ
ˣǳֲĴըУ̫ǬҲܵ˲ĥشʵڸˣʶĶܵ˾޴ĳʹˡ
һ򽾰̫Ǭ˵δܹܴ衣
ʹ࣬ĥķʽɱֻСôйͷ֮ޡ
ž
һ̣̫Ǭתһָһɫľ޴ʱ֮Ϲ̥ȦУͬʱһͨﺣ֮ϵʱͨ

ֻգۼ䣬һӿĺͻȻӶдĺ絶ϣһݣȻԼȻ̫Ǭ˴ԡ
˲ǣһ޴ĺڶ籩һ㣬ɢֲϢ͸ڶܹܵ޾ʱջζ
ǻûĴţ
Ҳû뵽ʹıըȻ˿ֲôãǹɻûʧ
ֱһɲǣ̫ǬĴ㡣
뽫Լ̥ȫ뵽лûϵʱպڶȥʱǴңйͷ֮ޡ
ھ͸ȥɣ
̫Ǭɭ˿飬ؼ졣
ˣ
âһһȦֱʮɵʱ֮ڵϣѸٽסƬգݶǶ£޷ѡ
̫Ǭָ΢ţָ޵УֳһϸСĽɫʱ֮
ϸСʱ֮ţתţƬеʱնŲ
һɲǣսŵ˼㡣
еΣոҲŨҵؼϢ
ֻһ˲
֪ȵ̫ǬԼǴʱպڶ֮أԼĻ֮أûκεĻᡣ
ô죿
Хйâ˲Ϣͷ
̫Ǭʵ̫ǿˣǾԶԶسǣ˵лǱ˵ĻƽꪣԼƴȫҲĶ֡
̫Ǭʵȫѹģ
ֻһɲǣȴֺͣˣһ̣ڤڤ֮УһͷӹԺһָ߬͵¶ġ
ƴˣ
û취ֻһˣ
ҧҧɫ¶һ˿ɫ


ڶǧʮ ɣ
䣡
𶯣̫Ǭ׼ǴʱպڶɲǣϹ̥Ȼεض𣬾ڴصĺУܾȫǰ̫Ǭ˹
ͬ
ͬң
ʯ䣬󱩺
δ䣬һɿֲϢͬ籩ҵر̫Ǭ࣬ĵڶ̥Ϊһž޴Ļ棬ǻ棬һѪɢ޾£̫֮Ҫҵľ޴
һ࣬ߺϵ츳ͨĵ̥ҲȫĹΪһɫ
־޴һһһһؼ˵
䣡
ֻһգۣڶ̥͵̥־޴ԲصײһֽȻͬںϣϱ仯ۿžҪûһ޴̫ͼ
ͬͬң
˹֮սаʦͽ˺ײʽҲа´ֲһС
Ȼһгڡ컯ȴ̥ǣʥ⾳ǲ͸ռأҲ˹ﵽһ֮ľ硣
Ҳʦа˵Իײԭ
ȵа侲ҪһУȻΪ컯Ĺ̶ʽʱ򣬲ŷһԶûô򵥡
ҪʩչһУȱ컯͸ĵ
⾳Ǻܶ޷ﵽġ
Σһƽ⡣
һʢʢֻһһҲʧ⣬¾޴ıը
˹֮սаܹʩչһУʵкܴɷ档
ºа˺ܶζʧˣΪһ˵ըҲ侪ˣ˶˲ᣬ󲻵òֹ顣
Ϊһл죬Σ̫֮ǰһֱûҪһС
ȻһߣѾ˲ôˣҲΨһв̫ǬĴˡ
䣡
Ϲֱ̥ʩչںϵһʱ̫ǬҲ΢΢ʧɫ
ȻʱʽȻ෴ûгںϵһ𣬷ʼ໥ײֳȶıըơ
һĻһĳ˹ȵס
Ȼڶ̥͵̥ûдﵽƽ⣬һʧˣ
ѵһҪ֮
һҰס
Ļᣡ
ۿԲҪըʯ䣬һҧһ̥ȫĹ˲䱬
컯
û̫Ǭ֣ʩչſѧ
Բ򼴽ըɲǣâһĵһ̥˽ȥ
һ̣ԭ໥ײԲۿɼٶȶתںϣΪһ޴̫
ڤڤ֮Уһ̥ȻһãʹԵһɲǴﵽ˼µƽ⡣
ͬͬң
ȥɣ
룬嵱ȫֻһգۣһ̥ȫģʷǰǿеˡ
䣡
âһϹ̥ȫΪһ壬Ϊһɫ̺˼»ľ޴Բ漴֮ƣݺݵǰ̫Ǭȥ
ʲô
һɲǣ̫Ǭ¶˼𺳵ɫ͵۾
Ϲ̥ʵǿϾûгɳ̫Ǭֶ쾳ǿǰǹСˣ̫ǬһֱƺΪֻС
̫ǬУҲһֱǴ׵ĸѡ
һɲǣ̥ʩչһ̺ſֲʽʱ̫ǬҲΪ֮Ȼ
ˣ
̫Ǭָһһʱ֮ССԾ˵ٶ۳ͣبǰ
̫Ǭͼַʽֵġͬͬҡ
Ȼֻһ˲̫Ǭеʱ֮ġͬͬҡǰֽͬƬһ㣬׷飬߽⡣
Ǻɫģ̺žϢľ޴Բе谭֮󣬺ݺݵ̫Ǭϣײ󷽰пҪʧġʱպڶ

һҽУ̫Ǭ͵һѪشһҲɷֽ
ԭ쾳ǿ˿ֲһ֮Ϣ󽵣Ҳ˲һ硣
Ȼֻһ̫Ǭһ־޴Ľɫʱ֮ƾճ֣Ӳصס׹ƣսˡʱպڶ֮⡣
Щġ
̫ǬסΣҧгݣݺݵض̥Ŀɱ磬ȻĻû˵꣬ʹһ
ǿ֮ĩÿԽ˻ᣬĹ
̫ǬĽűߣ֪ʱֵ˴ű־Եĺɫرס̫Ǭһȣͬʱڹâ˸бһɵĹ⻪¶ֻӰȻʩչ컯̫Ǭڵ

̫ǬȻŭ͵һư£ص˵ĺ󱳣һޱȣĵ˻ɢݣѪëбŷ˵ϢҲѸٱðޱȡ
̫Ǭŭһ˵ΪѾһغһΣܿѪ⵽شȴû
ǵˣ˻Խ̫Ǭȣͬʱƴʩչ컯Ĺ
ϣ
һĻҲ˲䷴Ӧ̥̫ͬǬ
䣡
ʯ䣬պһһӰӶسڰ֮У̥ͬʱץס̫Ǭֱۺһֻȣͬʱʩչˡ컯
Ϊ̥Զ֮ϡ
һһ»Ӱƾճ֣ҫգ̫ǬںƺƵĶ쾳ʱйբ֮ˮһ㣬ӿ뵽̥ڡ
ʱ̫Ǭվﲻʩչ컯δĶڵĶ쾳ڣ̫Ǭʱ򣬽˾ʹűըĳԼġͬͬҡڵ̫Ǭǿ֮ĩ

̫Ǭ־ŭҲû뵽˾Ȼ˷ʥ侳΢ĵ΢ΪȻҪһ쾳ǿߵ
̫Ǭһʱ𵴣һһʱ֮ٴƾճ֣һʱ֮УâһǱ޼᲻ݵĻƽٴγ֡
֮ǰȣƽϵϢ࣬Χʱ֮Ҳɫȶʱѡ
̫ǬľǣԽǶùڿ飬̥ġ컯յؾԽ죬ڵĶ쾳йؾԽֲ
һ̫࣬ǬһμƽꪣҲɫ䣬һǿҵΣոС
ޣ
е
𣡡
޵ŭХ춯أٴ
̫Ǭֵɲǣʯ䣬ǿľȻصײ̫ǬԺ֮С
飡
ֻһը죬̫Ǭһ޵ȫ£ܵʱ֮Ҳ޷άȶ׷ըѿĻƽҲɱըԶԶ˳ȥѵһڵϡ
̫ǬҲıըըѪң粿Ѫɡ


ڶǧʮ գ
Щ쵰
̫Ǭ˫ɺ죬֫ԭ̥Լαסԭأʱ̫ǬھȻƾһɴͻȻ˵һ̥ڼȵķŭ£͵һƺڽű߱ȵĵ̥ϡ
䣡
һƴ޴õ̥ɢݣС̫Ǭ˵ص֮УС벿궼ֱɢ㱻̫ǬӲ
ˣ̥ɽҧûзſ̫Ǭȡ
ǵˣ̥ƴȫܲˣ糱ˮؾ̫ǬĶ쾳
һɲǣ̫Ǭɵĵһ̥Ҳٴ±ס̫Ǭ֣ٴεǯס
ˡ컯ľ£̫ǬڵĶ쾳йȥ˵ϢҲԽԽҲԽ˵
ԺĶ쾳ڲֻҪĶģĹһ˳쾳
ڴʱ˵ͻȻĶкسһ˿
˶ڶ쾳˽ȫ壬ǰﺣ·ϣѾ˵ܶڶ쾳ˡ
΢붴쾳ع֮󣬾ͻԺ֮γһġ
عһں϶ɵġ
ʱεã˸޷֪쾳ǿߵĺģ£ȻӲܺ
ڵ̫Ǭ⵽شڵĶ쾳ҲѾ˸߰˰ˣͺ񺵼ĺˮϸɺԣӴϵʯҲ֮¶һ£̫ǬصĶҲ֮¶˺ǰ
ǿǶ쾳𣡡
ѣҲѾ̫ǬԺĶ쾳ġ
һĴָСͬһ㾧Ө͸ξ塣
ȻֻССһ飬̺ȴޱȣҪǣиܼĹ֮͸ǿССξ壬ܵ޾ʱ֮
ڽӣ΢ܲǿգ
Ϊﵽ쾳͸ʱյܣСʹͲֻһԵĸСӣҲ̺Ű
СǴ
̫ǬĶȻֻĴָС̺͹֮ȴ絽޷
΢ǿĶ
ôһɲǣҲһ˿ʧȫͻȻֵĶˡ
Ķˡ
ܹ̫ǬϵĶģɹ쾳ӵ˲ƾ豾ʵԿ̫ʼ̫ǬЩֱ̫ǿߵʵ
䣡
û˿ԥϹ̥ͬڣȫеľ籩ҵײ̫ǬĶϡ

ͬʱްľҲ֮ƣͬײ̫ǬĶϡ
޴ľʹ̫ǬĶҵزξһĴ죬ͬʱֳһϸС˿ѷ졣
ˣ˵ûĶڸոյıըѾܵشûộĶľܳ׵ػ
޴ʱҲ
ڳУľǿ֪Ҳڵһʱͷ̫Ǭĵʵ
£̫ǬֶǿߵĶļޱȣûôһͳôѺۡ
ڵ̫ǬԶеĻҪ
䣡
û˿ԥһ̥֮ˣټޣ˺ľٴصغ̫ǬĶϡ
һҵײ̫ǬڵĶ쾳˲ʧظˣԺеĶҲֳ˸ѷ죬һ˿˿Ĺ֮͸Щѷй
֪һ仯徫ȫ£̫ǬйĹ֮
̫ˣ
ǹ֮𣡣
֪Щ̺Ϣ̾ѡ
δй飡
쾳Ĺͬκε͹򣬺Ϲ̥ѵ츳ͨҲȻ֮ͬӿָоͬúذ㣬Ƣ
ֹûֱȴعرʱչ˽⡣
ڵ徳粻ǵȵͻ֮ЩܹתΪʵʵ
ǲ˼飡
ȫֹ֮С
ʱ֮ԽеĹеΪ֮Ժͷ
һһΣ޵ϵغ̫ǬĶġ
һΣ̫ǬϸоԼõĶ
ԭƻϹ̥ǱһʱͻƵ쾳ڣһݾ
ܹõ̫Ǭϵʱ֮ԼͻƵ쾳òôʱ䡣
꣡
̶ʱڣ֪޶ٴοֲܼľ񹥻ڣ̫ǬĶķһ޴Ŀԭ˿ѷ弸˵ķɺ͹£˾޴ѷ죬󳹵׵رը
ڣ
֪нһӿĶ̥ˡȥͬʱ컯Ҳâ㣬˼ޣؾ̣ӶǰĶ
ӣȺӣ
Ҫɱǣ
Щˣ
̫Ǭּ˷ŭ˼㣬Ҳ־嵽˼㡣
ûᱻƵ־
ͣҪ˵ҪɣˣҪԼʱ֮ҪԶϵĻƽꪡ
Щͳͳ޷
ʵϣڸá
ԸоõԼڵĶ쾳ѾӽɺԣҲڲʧԺǧۼĶ쾳Ҳڴʧ弸˴Ӷᡣ
ȥΪ֯ʷϣһ΢ɵֱ̫ǿߣ
Щϣ
Ҫȫᣡ

̫ǬŭХţ뷢˷ŭ˼㡣
䣡
һɲǣ̫ǬԺһΪصĵط̫ǬŭХһ޵У֣ͻȻڶ̶ʱھͼ׳󣬱ޱȵĹâ
ǹâ֮и̺һɻصĿֲ·һ̾Ҫը
ã
һĻ壬˺һɲǣһ޶о˼ȵΣա
̫ǬԺǵƺĳµļΪĽơ
ĸ֪УǹƺԽ˶켶
ôһɲǣоǹɹâ׵ıˣޣᱻ״ݻ٣
ߣ
ԭڷ̫ǬĶ򣬵ʱﻹ˵Щæɿ̫ǬҪȥ
Ȼһ̣߶Ȼ̫Ǭɭز˿飬̹ǵ
ڲ뵽ܣˣ
δ䣬оһΧһ޴ĽɫԲƾճ֣壬̫ǬԼռ䶼ס


ڶǧʮ 
ǵ޴ĽɫԲֵͬʱзһٲĺɫ֣ÿһ֮ж̺ŨҵĴĻ֮ɻ̫֮ǬԺǵͻȻֵĽͬԴ
ȻǺͽһͬ
˭Ҳ߲ˣɣ
̫Ǭ޵Ӻ󷽴
ǵɫĹâһƣѾپɣ򲻵ʹá
ΪһʩչѣԼ
һ࣬еΣҲŨҵ˼㡣
̫ǬѾˣΪ˱ǣȻϧʩչĳԱʽ
ڹ⻷ķΧڣ弸޴ӣݵض
ˣ
ڤڤ֮УĿӹأ̫ǬǸѾСֻг˴СʱպڶʱһԺͻȻһͷ
ƴˣ
ޣǣ
ˣһƽʱպڶ
͵һҧе
֮ǰ̫ǬΪйߣһԣҪǶʱպڶ֮УȻʱ˿̣ⷴӳΨһᡣ
ʱȣ̫ǬڱĽѾٱ֮ǰԶԶȥͷ·һ׹˼ľ޴̫ǹɻϢҲŨҵ˼㡣
ʱ̫ǬѾȥˡ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬ʱ޳ˣһľصغ̫ǬԺУͬһʱ䣬̥ͬʱ˶˲̫Ǭǰֻͬʱصذ̫Ǭϣյ緢


̫Ǭ͵۾һĲҽУҲû뵽˾ȻȥʹһС
ܵƣҪֹˣ̫Ǭ飬Ҳһգ֮һͨҲǿ˶٣ƲŸոͱǹɿֲɳȥͬ߷һײǸûйرյʱպڶ֮У
¡¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ǵֲʱպڶѸ̮̫ǬҲ޾ʱ֮ҵرը
Ǿ޴ıըƬضҵغͬ󷽺嫵ﺣҲӿһκ
޴ĳҲ̥˳ȥݺݵڵϡ
Х֪˶ãﺣ֮ϣһָֻƽ̫ǬϢҲ׵ʧˣڣ
ȿȣ
ãһ̥ԼȺѵ
ˣ
ֱ̫ǿ߹Ȼ£
ĿɨΧſյﺣ֮ϣ֮ǰ̫Ǭս̣¡
ĿǰΪֹ徭ѵһսüζ̫ǬУӮˡ
߰ɣǸ뿪ˣ
վǰһԵ˵
һţԶ̫ǬڵϣڳĻƽƾշС
һȻð˺ܴķգջҲҪǣɹٵ˺֯һš
ͿʦǱˣ


ʱ˿̣岢֪̫ǬʱպڶУһ̣һңԶĵط𵴣һ˫ɫͫȻ
̫Ǭ
Żˣ̫ǬҲˣ
һɲǣ˫ɫͫ¶һ˿𶯡
ôܣ̫ѾˣϾȻɱ̫Ǭ
ˣȥﺣ֮ϲ̽

ͬʱܵ𺳵Զֹ졣
ʦҹɫ֮УһӰ֮УϢΪһ壬һ
ˣ
ͻȻڤڤһ΢Ĳգ䵽̫ʼϣ̫ʼһ
Ϣǡ̫Ǭ
̫ʼĲš
֯УΪﵽֱ̫ǿ߱˴֮䶼һ˿΢ĸӦ
˿Ӧƽʱԣһһĳ־޴ıʣֱ̫ǿ߾ͻյϢ
֯У̫ǬϵĴڣʵҲΪǿôҲ׵س¡
׷ʲô̫ǬΪʲôͻȻ䣿
̫ʼɫأޱȡ
̫ͻȻˣ
̫ʼ̫ǬͬΪֱ̫ǿߣʵ൱̫ǬͻȻ䣬ôܲ͹˼ɡ
ˣ
̫ʼ͵ؿڵ
䣬һӰͬһƾճ
ȥһˣҪ֪ﺣ֮ϣ̫Ǭϵ׷ʲô
̫Ǭ
ǣ
һ䣬ǵӰĬĬʧ˿С
ȵһлָž̫ʼܿתͷǰƻɺСݽֵľʦ
̫Ǭ¹شǱһǳŭҲӿƻǸ֮ˣ

ʱ仺ȥʦ֮У屾򣬺һһҰִͬƾ档
⣬СݽڣҲԽ뾩ʦ
ҲΪˣսŵȫת
ү̶һ£ȫξѾﵽ˰򣬾ϸɸѡѾѡʮѵ
֮ǰٵʮ±ѾﵽʮǴƾѾﵽһʮ֮
Уȸϸ㱨Ľչ
ѵΣ
΢΢۾ڵ
һҵ鶼ܸߣѵʱǳģЧʺܸߣȻʱ仹̣Ѿ˾ĳΡ
⣬ѵв㽫컹ǲѾպɽҵλȡһвȥѵ±λѾͬˡ
ȸԽ
ţ
΢ɲص˵ͷ
ȸڶͷĹԽ͵Ӧ֣ѾֻϢ鱨ռͬʱҲʼͳµĸӺͽ졣
ȡСЭͬսĿľΪϢ£ʹƸؽ˴˼ܻͨޣԮӵսӵ
⣬һ顣
ȸ˵˴͵͵̧ͷһۡ
˵
ɫƽڵ
һαԴʼߣܶ˵ʵ侳в˴ﵽ侳ƺݴصЩֶļصĴ󽫾󶼻ܶαԴ
³˴ٳӢ䵽˰϶־ҲԳǧˡ
̫ٱǱҪ˻ᣬӼײŵȱԴеһǧˣ
֥Ͱ˼˳λȻԶڴʳ˵ҲɳиԳ֣䵽Լ
˼󽫾Ҳгǧ
˵ȸֵֹġ
ͬ޲򣬹򲻿ɵС˵ľǰ˼ǿͬ˶֪ͬһֻͬˣ˶УһΣȻҲˡ
ϣĬȸĻֻ΢΢һ£û̫⡣
һεʱԴȷʵҲ̫ٱ³ԼԶڴʳĸ֥Ͱ˼˳Ķ
֮ǰսƸ֧⵽شҪʱѪҺЩԴļӣܹѸγսٺܶ಻Ҫѵ
Ȼλ󶼻󽫾Ŀ²ֹԴ뷨
һ㣬ڵʱ˾ͺԼкˡ


ڶǧʮ ˵Ķ
⣬֪ͨҵʹҲһЩʵıԴ뵽İ֧ȥɣ֧Ҳˡ
忪ڵ
սڼİӷǰ´࣬ӦԸΣƽ٣ԶԶ
ʼΪʵǿڴнɣ˴Ĭ˺һֱгȡԴδЩҲƱԴʹ޷ﵽһߵĵز
ļ±кܶඥԴҲʱһָĸˡ
⡭Ǳ߿λ󶼻󽫾ԴôˡѾıİӺһ͵͵ү£ϣү׿ϡ
ϣһ漴ҡͷʧЦ
ҵȻ֣çһʵϸȻԴҵҲĶˡ
֪ˣ
˰֣
һаͰ࣬żƻеķչЩʿǽ뵽ҵǱߣǸ󶼻϶ǽ뵽˴Ƶľ֮С
෴̫ٱá³Ǹ֥˼˳Լҵǣ۽ߣرײԱ
ܱǿУǺ£˵εıԴȷʵܸߡ
ǰǱˣ
廰ͷһתܿǰߵ⡣
ǼƻзǳҪһ
һаͰ࣬Ѿʼ£ɽǱʼõϢȷʵҪɳǰæ̫ٱ֣⣬ͬ޴󽫾˼µͬҲѾִðɽԽļɵ
ȸɫһæ
΢΢˵ͷ˼
Ըоõ̫ʼǻھʦ⣬ûȥ
Ǻ֯еֱ̫ǿӼߣĿǰֽ׶ΣǾԽݣȥھսң԰˼֣ڽĴگ£˶֪֯Ĵڡ
˼ֶǿûս£ͻȻСʲô˶ɱ˵ģ
ͺ֯ܡּǱ۵ġ
֯ڵʱκʷжûйأá
һвǾԵġ
ɡ֮ĴڣҲһʱ£ЩֱͬӸԤס
岻ðգҲܽеϣ̫ʼЩ˵ġʴȡϣ
ѯһЩе飬ܿ죬һжϣȸһ񣬺ܿ뿪ˡ

ȵȸ뿪һȶͻȻӵ⴫
ʲôϢ𣿡
Ϸɫ΢ſյĴ
ž
ʲôûз
Ǻܿ죬һӰֱϻһֻŸ룬˽ӥ
һ糣ôţﲻ¡ϵĻҲϢʱ䣬춯ƵһЩ˻뵽͢УѾץ˶ʮνĹŮ̫ࡢˣֵԽԽࡣ
в˻̫ǱߣƺҪʲô󷨡
ӥڵ
ȸҪԽԽ࣬ǱҲǳҪصذӥͱϵ˴֮以ͨޡ
ʹҲһʲô飬ҲԼʱϵУİȫ
»ʵǻܱɽǺǱߣгɶ֡
ԣһҲи
ʥţΣ඼¡
֪ˡ
΢΢ü˫ۣűα¶˳˼ɫ
үЩˣ𣿡
ӥĬƬ̣ͻȻ̽ŵ
ţǣˡ
΢΢ף
Сݽ£֪˲࣬ҲûбҪ֪ӥȴ֪ˡ
үǱѾ߾ȫЩˣֹǣԽԽࡣ֮ǰڹв΢ͷû£
ӥڵ͸һ˿ǣ
ҪҪڳչΧѲ飬ȫѲ
ʹǻȨصأ۹ģ֮أǿЩԺû˿ãǸжԽԽࡣ
ֹǻʹҲ춯Ƶֻһֱûֳʲôˡ
ɲôûȥġ
ӥѾüˡ
ˣ
˰֣ԥӥ飺
Ǳ뾩ʦĲĺˣֻǿƵĿܣҪЮĽһЩ׸֡ݿͰˣһЩõͨˡȫǣηֱ棿ץ˶٣ѵҪȫǵץ𣿡
⡪
ӥԣʱסˡ
ܵĸоôβܣȴûһ㡣
ǡ
ӥ˵ʲôֹ
İɣûõġСݽô׾ƵҲܻסʦˡôֻͽ޹ˡ
֪ӥʲô΢΢֣Ϊ
ʮʷ̫£صΪӴǿϹŷ֮һ޽֮ѾǵᱻΪƻĿܡ
Ϊ˱Χӹ̵󷨲
ʮ

ǧ
嶼ȥΪ̽ⶼǱεġ
áʮʷ󡱻۵ȴƻٵеķ
ǿϹ󷨣ΪڱżƻĹˡ
ҲŻʹв˺ηǱУڹﲼ跨󣬵ȴԭ
ΪͲ
һ飡
̫ʼ
ڱϣ΢΢ͷʯ䣬Ժжһͷ
ʹ﷢һУΧǻЩӰȫǺֱ֯ʡ
ǵĿ޷ҪƻСݽˣ
ƾЩСֶȻκβ
֯Ķ϶ң
ߣʥСݽֻһԵĽƣֻҪ˲̤Ͳκε˺ʦ֮ҲӦûʲôܿϵĶ
Ǵʥ䵽ڣôһʱȥˣ̫ʼȴʼڳǻȥ⿴
ƺǳлʲô̫ʼõĶ
ЩͷԺзӶ΢һܿͻع
ʲôҶһֹģ
ˣ
˫һգܿһʶʼͨԶžʦĵһڶ͵̥
Ѿо̥һʱܸϵʦˡ
ɹջл󣬵ȵ̥ؾʦͿԿչһļƻԼʵˡ

ʱ仺ȥ֮ҹ˶֮
ˣ
ʦ⣬֮УâһӰͻȻ֮˳ڰ֮У·ƻɺֺ׳ľʦ
ǵжȫʧˣʦĽ绹Ǵ
У츮ԣ̧ͷϷ


ڶǧʮ ָþò
ҹɫ֮пյʲôûУ츮ּĸУȴؿһεľ޴Ĺʦеӿ磬ͬӴһ㣬κ˺Ȼʧɫ츮
Ǹ̫ѲˣѾ֪ǵĴڣͲ뿪ʦҵЩɱ֣ʵҲ̫΢Ʋʲôˣ
츮˶٣һƬ꣺
粻ƣǸûа취
֯Ӵ󣬸ڶ࣬Ҫ߸һ׻ȨҲ練ƣƫƫƻûһ취
̫ʼû˵ֻ΢΢üͷ
ڵ᲻֪
֮ǰҲԹǿн뾩ʦ֮Уһ̣Ϊ쾳ǿߵֱһͷ
Сݽڶ쾳ǿ˵ҲͬΣգ
ûбƵ֮ǰҲ
ˣҪҪߵĲº߼׽Ů°⣬
츮͵͵һ̫ʼ˵
ƾЩʵ΢ġϺзƲ˴ģҪ͵ñţʱĻ츮Ҳûջ
ռϢ֮УͷǸкüƵϵеŮˡ
֯ȻƲСݽ磬Ҳɱ壬ֻ°ӼʵһŮ˵ĻӦò̫ѡ
ǰ츮Ǿ˵ֵĻģǽΰУˣ޴棬츮ֻʣһͷǾǲϧһֶҲҪɱ塣
ˣ
츮䣬Ȼһͬһʱ䣬¶
˶ǸǰѾ䵽ֵزΪ飬ȻʹֵӵֶΣȥЦ󷽣
̫ʼ֪ʱתͷ츮ɫޱȡ
Ϊֱ̫ǿߣ߸ϵ󣬸̫ʼԸ͸߰ģ츮İ취̫ʼ˵һ裬Ƕɡ
ǶˣԸһҲҪʹֱӵֶΣҲͺͷˡ
ȻҲûʸԳΪ
⣬Ϊ飬Сӻ벻𣿿ҵЩ˻ûܳʦѾ˽ˡ
̫ʼ
־ʦĽһ޴ĺ蹵ȫͬ磬ܹھʦ°Ů˵˿»ڣĲ£°ӵٶʲô壿
ѵĻΪһȺǰ
츮ԣʱ߲ѣ
ˣ
ǴˣĻòǸ겻ǽô죿
츮˶٣ͷ
ȣ
̫ʼžʦķ򣬵͸¶һ˳ᢵζ
һбţ㲻صġ
һɲ̫ʼԣĿޱȡ
츮ֹջǵͷٶʡ

ʱҲ̫ʼǱߵĶ֮ҹʱ֡
¡
ʦţŹرֻ֮һ죬Ŵ򿪣һأ۵ģǰյƵʻ˳š
ҹɫϸȥżӣҲڵʵʵȻ˲ϣ˿ݡ
ҹŹر֮صؿŷУһ˿
һȻǸ
ȿȣ
֪˶ãһ΢΢ЩƣĿﴫһյ͵ƣƹ谵ӳճһ˵Ӱͷñ£ȻͨͶȴ¶һλߵϢ
࣬岻ãôˣҪǻظЪϢɣ
һԣ
ڴˣͷñˣࡱ֣ض൱ľȡ
Ϊǰ֮͵ǵˣȻȨ㳯Ұ£»ʵǻ֮󣬱żȨģʧʽ΢ָ
ܱ͢˳ΪֵģҲָֻˡ
֪ˣЩҪȥͲȰˡ
ָԵЩĲɡ
Ϊ𣿡
ԱߵУһ˵ţһָǰϵСɱ֭
һƬžָû˵üͷȴ΢΢һ¡
֮ǰвݣ˽ɢҥԣ˵ɺȸЩ岻ҪӪһ幦Ļĸо֮Ĺϵ
ЩָúСģҲΪûκε֤ݡ
û뵽ЩջǱ巢ˣĲ֪
ӥǱԱ֮ʩ۸һЩ󳼵ڳҰ
Ӧú֪ĳ£ڳҰ⼸˲֪˲
ǰЩֻҪûȷ֤ݣȻҲӰ첻ĵλƽҪʹˮȻ
һó뻯»ʵǻָ֮߱پۼһЩ֮󣬾ЩԭΨհĳҲ׷뿪ˡ
Ұ⣬ұϲ˵ɳƺΪ࣬˽£ɨˡ
Уָδܹģ
ҡҡ
ָ۾ͷָߵ
ʮǰʮֳһ壬ˣ;ʼպҽؾһ
˥;㡭
һɲǼ䣬ָӿһ޺Ͳʡ
ֻڵ죬ѣѾˣ
һԣ˿ָį飬̾ϢһҪЩʲôȴΪ
ʱţ֪˶ãһͻȻͣߴ
࣬ˣ
һƬžһ΢紵ҹɫдһҶ
֪Ѿ뿪˾ʦһ֮С
ʱָҲһ
ûҵ˭Ҳ
ָͻȻڵɫࡣ
֨ѽ㵣ûӦָѾվԱ߽ӹһյƣƿţ˳ȥ
ҹɫһˣָŷƣҵ˵Եһð߽ˣŷƵĹâһʵļǺţ΢΢˵ͷ
ˡ
ָа
࣬Ҫȥ
Ǻ͹е
ˡ
ָͷҲأ˰ӣŷƣܿʧ֮С
أþ˵
֪Ϊʲôܸоܲƺصӡ
չʮ꣬˳ʱʱӰ룬⻹ǵһΣûͬһжҲκ˸档


һƬڰϲϴͬҹһ㣬}ޱȡ
ָŷƣһǳһŵǰȥ
ǳȴû˿ԥ
ָˣǺþòˣ
֯}˵ķΧУһĵ·һ㣬ͻȻδ䣬һƮָǰͻȻƾնӰ
ӰһۣڰУϢʵˡ
ڴˣһĻض֣ΪͻȻֵ˲Ǳˣһֱ̫ʼ츮


ڶǧʮ ̫ӣͼ
ϣǰ̫ʼ츮ָֻ΢𣬺ܿƽû˿η塣
˵ɣʲô£
ָ̧ͷֱ˵
ߣ˴Ƶ࣬˦𣿱ˣôλõģ
̫ʼ䣬
⻰Ϊ𾪣˭뵽õĴྐྵȻͺ֯ϵУҴӺ˵ĻָܹϴλãȻͺ֯кܴĹϵ
⻰ȥ𶯡
ָû˵ֻгһ̾
˹˹
ʮǰһһã˳ЦĻ֧ӵʱо˵ʱǰʦɱʥʵ˱̫ʼ˽Ѳ顣
ҲǴʱ֮֮һ
ƾ̫ʼԼ֯İβܣָһ·ƽƣһ·λá
Уܶ൱ΪеˣߺˣΪԭʧܻ߱š
ܶ˶˵ָɣʮͻȻ֮˱ƾʥʵʶһ·ڵλã֪һкͺڱİܲɷ֡
ֻǺ˵ĴʼǸɣʥʵУҲʥôʹݻٵġ
λ֮ôָ꣬һֱС΢ͺ֮κֱӵϵ򲻵ѣ׶ǵ
ֻϧһжѾעڶʮǰѾע޷Щˡ
Ҳ˼»ʵǻʱж̫ƵˣҷǳҲұ¶
ָ
£Ϊ۹࣬ЩǰҲòͷ
ߣôôԸǣٹƲϵһͲСˡ
̫ʼ
ָĴù
ʱ䣬Ѿϵָˣȫ޶ãװûյ֯ʮ꣬λһ۶Ը⸶˦ǣôף
ָԣͷ
ָ֪ѾʧƣһжǸѲ˸ϵһ˵ʵŹͬĵˡ
ֻҪΰңұ֤ȥǸҲ԰һȥʱٷֲһϻλֻߡ㱾ǻףԸ⣬Ƶˣ
㲻̫ϵͽӴ֮ҲԱ֤֮ϵʹ˽ҲӰ쵽㡣
̫ʼɫȴࣺ
ڴ֮ǰðһ飬ңҲرҵʱˣ
ʲô
ָ˽սڿڵ
⣬ܹȥ𣿡
ָһ仰̫ʼһԵ츮϶¶һ˿Цݣ˵ףָĻȨơ
ˣ̫ʼ˵Ӧ֪ʱ뿪ʦΪΪʲô㲻ᵥΪڸɣ
ڴʱһԵ츮
ָ˵ͷһɣҲԭ
ģһܼ򵥣ҲκεΣաֻҪһ˶ѡ
ָӦУ̫ʼڿڡ
ˣ
ָԣüͷһ壬̧ͷдΪ⡣
ܶ࣬Ψû̫ʼھʦֳôĶֻΪһˡ
û˱Щ˵ֻΪһˣ̫ʼȫָһȥòŶࡣ
ǵҲ
Ȼûô򵥡
ƺָ֪ʲô̫ʼ
˷ǳ⣬ȥ۴ƣҲֻҵ䡣
ʲôˣ
ָüͷ壬ԽĲˡ
˵ʼֻΪɺ̫ʼ֮ԼЩִĻô̫ʼĻĹеĺ档
ʵ벻̫ʼҪҵĵʲôˣʲô֯Ҳƫƫֻҵ
Ҫһλ˳þ£ȴѱˣһʧߣ
̫ʼȻһЦ˵յס
µġʧߡ
̫ʼĻָһãȻ̫ʼڿЦɣʲôôȨƾ£ȴֻᱻ
ˣ
ߣָʮǰ䣬ò˰ɣ
̫ʼͻȻڵ
䣡
һ£ָ͵۾ŵŶ̫ʼ
㣬˵
һɲǼ䣬ָ𶯣жɲ
ôû뵽̫ʼҹȻҪѰǸˣ
ҷ£ܷ̫ʼ˵ЩģҲֻˡ
棬̫ʼû˵ֻĵ˵ͷ
̫ӣͼ
ʮǰУʥľ֣һܾ£Ϊס
ǳ䣬ĴƶȻͬ
ǣһ䣬ͼѾ𣿡
ָڵ
˶֪䣬ʥʤ̫սܣ֮ʥҲ˳˻λΪ˴Ƶף˽յʢ
ڷ̫ͼʧߵ³һµġ
һ֮ͼҲûгֹĽҲͲԶ
̫ʼ˼ͼѵû
ôܣ
ͼžޣʥǿľߣüζʥأȻʶΪأΪԼ̳Լλãôǿвʥɹ֮ѵɱ
ѵ˵ôţ
Ҳ̫ˣͼˣҲͲˡҸǵϣʮǰ䣬ͼȻսܣλʥȴһһֱһܵĵط
ҹ˺ܶطûҵĽе֤ݶָʹô̫꣬ҺܿһֱߣȻӴ󣬵Ҳֻھʦ⣬ڵľʦʹ֣Ǹ޷롣
ⷽ棬ֻõ
һ䣬̫ʼŤͷָ
ָû˵д˷
̫ʼ˵ģǸ˻ţµĸֶ츲صı仯
λ̫ʼ֮ǰѹû뵽ġ
ˡһ취ǲģ
ָѹе𾪣˵ͷ
ֺ̫ʼ̸˼䣬ָܿ뿪ˡ
̫ʼ츮˸ֶһֱĿʧԶ
ˣȻλֻ࣬һ޸֮ͨˣܹҵͼ𣿡
츮ջĿ⣬ͻȻڵ
̫ʼҪҵ˾Ȼǰ̫ӣҲǳȡ
ָˣĸоʵЩ
ǺǣԲҪСˣԱκӴһܹ֮λˣûô򵥣
̫ʼָʧķ򣬵
һ䣬̫ʼһתܿʧ



ڶǧʮ 
ʱ仺ȥʦһƬƽͣ»ʵǻ˶һƬ֮С
͵ı£ȴԽӿֻûж֪ˡ
ʮ̥֮ɽԽ룬ɽˮڳɹص˾ʦ
ˣ
ŵĴ֮У淺һƣ̥һſϷֱɢҺ֣տԼɫĹâһҫޱȣı仯ϵϢ
ͳʱȣ̥ϾȻ̺һ˿ʱյĲ
ιȻգ
ǰ̥Ҳϲòѡ
εջĻҪΪܹɹƻ֯ĴžѾˣû뵽Ȼ̫ǬϵõΪĶĹ
Ȼ̫ǬԱըһֵĶĹ򣬵̥ϵõĶĹһȻа˳֮ࡣ
ȵʱ죬̥ϵĶһ𣬱Ȼ°빦
Ŀѩⲻѡ
΢۷嵽쾳ֻһľ룬ʵģصĲ𣬵ǵõ̫ǬĶ򣬾͵صĺ蹵֮һݣպҪͻƵ쾳ԽףʱҲˣ
ˣ
ܿ죬ջĿ⣬˴һˡ
ﺣ֮ϵʱһ䣬Ҳһص˾ʦҪǣжҲ̫Ǭ˲Ķ쾳Ϊﵽһ۷壬Կʼһˡ

Ϣܿǰһ
㣬̺˸һ֮ԴѾҵļһָУȥ֮úòڵĻۣ֮Դ󣬾кܴĸͻƵ΢ԺжҲкܴİ
վڴϣڵ
飡
δ䣬ָһһº͵Ĺָлһߣû뵽ڡ
л
˹һȴû̫Ĳ
ȥɡ
˻֣˱ܿ뿪ˡ
ȥӲ㱨ҲӲʡ
ܿ죬ȵȥ䣬һĴعرգͬʱâ䣬صף˲õһǿػ
䣡
ͬʱڿͬһʱ䣬̥ͬʱһɹɽХϢ˺󷽣Ӱգ֮䣬һɫ¥ֺ׳ַ·ӵʱһ㣬ͬʱڴ֮С
ʮ죡
һ̣Ϲ̥ͬʱʩչݵһ湦
һأأءϹ̥ʮ죬ٶﵽ˶ʮ㣬ĵһ̥ﵽ˶ʮء
ˣ
âһѸٳ˴֮УϹ̥׻ȸλվͬʱˡʮޣ˴֮以ཻڡ
һɲǼ䣬˵ϢཻڣͿһ˽ɫĴˮʮ֮
ֹˣĲֻǴһ˿˿ʱչ
ﺣ֮У̫ǬӶ˶ͶĹ򣬴ʱһ£ڴкı廥
ЩͶĹ򣬱ƾʮãķıϡ
õЩϢʱϼǿ
ˣ
һ𣬲գ֮䣬屾ʮ𶯣ԭʮʮ죬ǣڶʮ֮ϣȻֽһ¥
ʮأ
̶ֻʱ䣬屾ʮٳ߸ͷٽһͻƵ˶ʮľ磬ϢƬ֮󡪡
䣬ʮһٴΰһ㣬ﵽ˶ʮصľ硣
ֻôƬ̵Ĺõĺô൱һĿޡ
ֹˣڵõôͬʱۺҲͬʱʵ̥ڡ
ﺣ֮У̥ܵ˲СĴˣıȴģűԲḁ̃ڵҲڲϵϡ
á
ˣ
ڣֺʮͬʱɢȥҫ۵Ĺ⻪Ҳųˮصڡ
Ϲ̥ܿչ
ȥɣ
һӣ˰֣̥⣬ص淺һȦȦĲƣ̥ͬܿصףȥˡ
΢붴쾳£츳Եȱһɡ
õ̫ǬĶѾõһ볡Ʊ
쾳ĽͬСɣȽ벽쾳磬ټ̥һͻƣﵽĶ쾳ǰձȻϺܶࡣ
а
ı󶯣ȻҲͻƵ쾳»ִ̫٣ǽʱ
ɣ
ЩͷԺзӶܿŤͷ˵⣬ĸ֪УһӰѾվ˺ܾˡ
֨ѽ
ƿȸһϢһ񣬺ܿ˽
ү
ʲô𣿡
ܿ쿪ڵ
үЩϢǹָġ
ȸ
Ŷ
йâһ΢΢һ¡
ϴӥõ׿ϣ˽һЩСָָ书ߣ󼫸ߣʼվЩģѼָ񽻸ȸָǱκεĶ嶼ȸʱرԼ
˵ָǱʲô𣿡
忪ڵ
ָ˳Ǹȴּ䰮ϧëҲΪʲôп۸оԭ
ָһˣº֮ǣҲᱣԼķȣ΢Цһ˿һá
ⲻΪ˷ɶֵľ裬Ҳָ䰮ϧԼָһơ
Լӥųϵףָưոݡ
ȸĻشȴΪ⡣
үûУȻʱ䳯ҰлٹҲԶָʱ쳣İкüγᣬ֪²ϲѣûϳ
ǹ۲˺ܾãָĴʼսգһЩˣûʲôָӦ֪ȥ׼ܱܻүˣ
ȸ
ⷬһ˫üʱ
үôˣ
ȸ״һΪ⡣
ķӦеȫͬԼүȻأкڵ»ѣŴָ֪֮ȥϲҲ֮С
Ͼڸĳǰˡ
ԼүԸ⣬ָǸ֮λҲֵ۴ķ濴ָܶùү
ȻүķӦͲ˵ӡ
⣡
üͷֻ˵֣ǸʱգǰǽָһĽɫȨƵѾ裬˭ȥȨƣͺɱûʲô
ҪΪ˱סԼλָҲᵷĳôˡ
֮ǰĿ۸ǺĽڶʹ¼ֻ֮ĶԹָһУΪȹסԼλ
һ˼ʮԶ֧ĻףòһƣǾɿеõȨƵġ
ָܴ֮󣬲ûз˵͵ʵǲ硣
ĸоһк⡣


ڶǧʮ ٵı
֣ʮʱҹָҪ֪ж
üͷͻȻڵ
⣬ǣ
ȸ𶯣ȴæͷԥӦ
ķչȸжϴྶͥжϣȸӲɡ
ȸɫҴңܿ뿪ˡ
ȸϢúܿ죬һʱ䣬ָصϢ䵽С
ʲôָȡҲĶʮǰϣ
еż㣬üͷ
ػָڴҪһ࣬ȸӵҲΪ˷ֹʱʲô¶ˣϾݴսڼ
嶼û뵽ָǱ߾ȻЩʲô
¼ĶǻҺҵ飬⳼Դָݵλȫʸĵġ
ֻɻǣָݣЩΪʲô
ǵˣָ鼮߳ɶ͵ġ䡯أȻҲ鼮˶Ŀǲ鵽鵥
ȸ˵ţܿ콫һż˹ȥ
ָ˽飬ûйעҲͰˣڵʵھʦΧҪһˣܶԷöôأҲܵ
û˵ӹż㣬Ѹ
üͷԽԽ飬嵱ҲʱΪʥʣȻʥѹ»ҲѾǻ˵ʮǰ䣬ڽѾûʲôӰˡ
Ϻ꣬ʲô
а˼⣬ָԲ޵ķʸţôһʲôĿġ
飬ָǱûз
忪ʵ
ûУб߹ȥģЩҲ˵
ȸص
ָĳټбϵڹкӦҪϢָ֣̫ˡ
ô˵Ҳ֪ˣ
˼
²֪û⣬Ӧ֪ˡ
ȸ
Ǳߣ֪ˣǱҲ֪ˡ
˵ͷûж˵
ָЩٶ˽һҲãָ˽̫أȨҲأǻʱ٣Ǵ֮ʱ͢עûһϯ֮ء
飡취ָͨ׽ˣҪ֪Щʲô
΢΢ָۣߵ棬
ûв͸ǽǰҪָϴȱھûôףָʧƣһжѾͬˡ
ʱ͵õԼҪĴ𰸡
̫ӡͼָʮǰľ̫ӣ
ȸǱߴϢ漴üͷ
òϣ󳬳Ԥϡ
䣬̫ͼеĹؼû⣬Ӧʮָ꣬ʱһʲô
һ˫ü˴ͣʳָûһйɵ˳˼
֪˴𰸷Ȳ֪𰸸ɻ
ͼָڵĴʲôϵ
ѵ˵ķ̫ӻʲôѪָҪ涯ֽţ
Ȼҡҡͷܿˡ
š
ȻԵûй飬Ҳ֪ͼûãڴѶãҲƲʲôˡ
ָǻۣӦò᲻
ǡʲô
֣飡
忪ڵ
ǣ
ȸ˵ͷܿȥ
ʱ仺ȥָǱ߲֪ǲǷʲôǱôСĽ֮Ҳû˶ƽȲμӳᣬҲ뿪ۡ͵˼㡣
ָʲôҲû˿취ֻʱ¡

󣬳¥¥һһӰԶµһ۽ӳյӢȹˣµģʶׯţ续ӣо顣
٣
֮СϷϸһһҸ԰ڷһֻСյյʢһƲֱвɢ
˲ӣյ㣬Լɫ㣬ܶĲ¥һйһ𣬽ССĶ¥ӳĵͬɾһ㡣
ʱ·æ岻æž񣬾æʵԸˣǺʱСƬ̡
յԼԥ͹ˡ
һ룬֮Ҳкܳʱûˡ
һƬԺſգƣյϸϸƷš
棬ٿӣǺЦֻĬĬš
ͼеȣǰԵԽˣҲԽִ֮ˡ
Լûз֣ڵǰȫͬͶ䣬ɢһ캶ҡ
ʲôҲûֻǼ򵥵Ҳһ־Ķǵ
ôˣ
Ŷ٣΢΢ЩȻڵ
ûʲôĲͦġ
΢΢һЦڣܿϵһڣ̬Ŵݡ
ȷʵگ裬ȷʵЩ֮
嵭
ˣú̿Ǳߵеôˣ
㰲Ȫ˷صúھڽУڻûʲô⣬ؼǺ䣬ԶȲɾҪӵöࡣ彫齻ٴ
һжѾ׵ڸ޽úֿ̿ⶼѾȫװ
ٴݵȻھʦһжŵþֻǴú̿ѣڹϵĺŮ˵ʵ㲻ʲô¡
˵Ҫллô齻ңǱ߻ر˵ллһΣ׬˲Ǯ
˵Ц
ҲʧЦ㰲Ȫ˷صչҪȥֻҪܹɴսԣ岢˭ȥ顣
Ҵ󺮳٣Чʺܸߣ˵ЧʱΪҪ
󲮿ˣǺңⷽҸóҡˮﰡ

ᣡ
һ仰ϼ˫գæͷ
ĨߵӣҲвһ¡
ܿ죬̸֮ͱˡ
ˣոպȲʱüͷ΢µӣǳʲô𣿡
̧ͷһƽ
ûУֻһЩˡ
⵹֮ʣҪĵ̫ˣ
ʦЩ̫ƽʱעһ£ǱҪ˵Ļȥ
˵ʱһĨǡ
ôڵҵİȫ𣿡
廰еĹУһƬۣ
ڵǸ̫ʼǸоҲ
š
˵ͷ
֮ĲУ֮Ĳޣ̫ʼǱھʦеĶ̫ƵˣٳٵòԼҪĶƲСݽ磬ѱǲЩİ취
忪ڵ
ʱ䣬Ѿкüθо̫ʼ츮ϢھʦĽΧôǿĶһֱţʲô̫õ顣
Ǻǣûô׵ģǱѾַǱҲ޸Ѳ·ÿʱһ·ң㲻˾ӡ𣿡
ٵ
ΪıԶеҪࡣ


ڶǧʮһ һ֣
Ĳ˵µǵӡһǱ߳£оھʦΧڣҪ°٣
һ򣬾һɴ⣡
˵£ɫࡣ
š
ɫ࣬ҲЦݣɫࣺ
Ǹ̫ʼôΪƵʥµСݽ磿
л죬ôʱˣ̫ʼһֱǻȥͼıҹеЩֶ̫ӣƵСݽ磬̫ʼ᲻ס
֪ЧһֱôضֶΡ

ӲСκһ֣̫ʼʵʵ̫ǿˣСݽ飬롣
֮ߣǿڣҲʱıսսСĽԭ
ԣҲ˳˼¥һƬ
٣̫ʼô
ͻȻڵ
仰ҲֻһʣϾȻųƺŮУǱϾ书ߣⷽû̫
벻ǣپȻ˵һ𰸡
⡪
ɫһȻĿʼ˼
Ҳ̫Ҳ˵Сݽĺ̫µʷûа취õİ취˴ڲƽ󷨣һҪʵǿ󣬲ϤеĵΣ֣ܲͬʱҲܹл῿ʷ󡣡
ٵף¶˼ɫ
ܹӽʷʵǺܶ࣬еĹŮ̫࣬ԼǿҲʱжƵð乬Ů̫ƽԭ򣬲̫еĹŮ̫࣬ð͵͵Ǳȥѳɹ
̫ʼµЩ޷Сݽ磬һᡣ
ʧЦЩʵ
ƾϲ̨棬ѵǴ֮õֶΣǸܳɹġ
һַҵһʵȼ磬ҪǿĶˣǿд̫ƻ󡣡
ٵ
ܵģˣǿѾɹˡ
ҡͷЦ
ڵ壬ʵѾﵽ΢۷壬ޱƽ쾳ľ硣
֯ڵʱ伫ΪϣǸڶ࣬ҪһԺȼ磬ĸ֣֯ڲǿģΧ˵ƣ£¶ҵ
΢ôͻƵģҲܽġ
ﵽּ𣬿ͳˡ
ôֻʣһַˣҵԿƴˣ취Ƶ󡣡
ٵ
ܵģڵĴҵƿ֮У
ҡͷȷʵǱϾϵΪߣѯЩͳ롣
һ㣬ȷʵԼǷˡ
δأ
Ԥϣһɫҡҡͷ
ƵֻСݽ磬ʷѵˣʷ󵽵Ϊ˭ģ
ⷬͻһϣһˮ£˲Ϣһ仰˵ˡ
˵ûһֱȥƵĽֻСݽ磬ʼգûпƹ̫ص׵ʷ
ʷϵش󣬴ӹഫֻУڻҵĽ
ʥ䣬ʷȻҲµˡ
֮⣬һ˿ʷǾһ̫ӣ̫ǴδӣųʵǰʷĴ͸¶
Ǿܽʷ󽻸˵ģԴ˵˸Ͳ֣ܵ鲢ǾԵġ
ͼ
ڤڤ֮УһԺжɲ
ָ
̫ʼ
һ˲䣬ɫޱȡ
һ٣ԭֻ뵥غ棬죬ѹûٵ£Ȼķ֡
ص飬һɲǺȻһ𣬳ֳ֮ǰһֱûзֵصϵ
ָΪʲôҪͼ
ҵͼڵλʲôã
⼸һֱ˼⡣
ҲҲκ߼ԵĹ
һ̣ͻȻʲô
ҵͼģָ̫ʼ
еļ¼ͼǰʱбʽΪ̫ӵģһ˻λп֪ȥʷ󣬸Ҫǡ
ͼʥС
ɫأзһ
䣬ʥʴͼж˴ƽɽһ˵ͼţǺѵö
ָͼ֮ûκεĹͼҲָܶڵĴκεİҪͼǺˣָͺ˹أ
˻
뵽һҲԽء
δָͺ֮ʲôϵԼô֮ǰָֹ֮󲻽ĵطȫ˺Ľ͡
ֹˣ廹뵽һЩĶ
ݰɽıһֱк֯Ӱʢ磬ָͰɽǵһμ棬˫֮ȴԵ÷ǳ磬һѵֻΪӵͬĵˣ
ѵһǱϿô򵥣
ָͰɽĺ֯ûʲôϵ
ֻһɻ˵ʲôϾҲпĴ
ϵһǾ;żȻôˡ
벻벻

ô࣬ٹ֮ףʮأʥأȻʥɻ䣬Ϊеĺ˹һǴЦˡ
ôˣ
Щ
Ҳֻһ˵û뵽ôķӦ
Щ£ˣʱڸǧҪ뿪ʦ
˵仰ܿվ
ţ
ɫ࣬ٵ˵ͷûжʡ
˵꣬ʹҴ뿪ˡ
̫ͼһֱΪʮǰѾˣǴּλ̫Ӻпܻš
ţ²ʵĴ𰸡
ʮǰľ£ֻºܶණ޴Ӳ𣬵ȴ֪˵һͼ䣬һǡ
߹
ڤڤ֮Уһ

ʥ󣬸߹͵˴ƵĳãҲû֪ȥ
˵ֻҪһˣǻ˿ѭġ
߹ʧʱ򣬺ܶ˶ΪѾ뿪˾ʦһƧĵطȥˡ
ȴ֪߹û뿪ʦڻ긽һ®ĬĬػʥʵޡ
֮֮
ڸ߹ӵĵطλµĵһͻ¡
̶ʱûǰĸ߹ʮ겻ֹ
ǰĸ߹ɫЦݣͬһ㣬ڵĸ߹ͷ׷ƴһͨˡ
ӹ뿪֮󣬸߹ҲȥϵĽ£һ£֪ߣ˭Ҳ뵽ǰλͨͨˣµĴܹ̫ʿ
ɫᶨûе壬ãʱĳƺ˼ڵػʥʵޡ


ڶǧʮ 塱Կף
Ǳ£ࣩģ
ʿ棬ȿڵ
ǣ
˵ͷ
ʿڻԽ®ػҪ׿ϵġ
ʵҲǴõϢ
һ²ص򹫹̡
忪żɽ
˵ɣ˵ͳͳ㡣
ʿһƽһ˫۾ޱȣƺѿ͸һС
Ҫ̹ʮǰ̫ͼ顣
忪ڵ
ͼ
ʿԣԭƽϣһ˫ѩ׵Բü͵ضһ£
ʲô
Ҳûͽ̫ʼڳǻԼָƶ˵˳
Ļ߹˫üĳ˼
ָȻҺͺ֯ᵽһǺôĵӣ
Ϣڸ߹˵ҲǼĳ
߹ˡ嶷ѵʮǰ䣬̫ͼû𣿡
ʵ
˵ʱĿһֱŸ߹һ˿һı仯ûд
߹û˵ֻ˫ü𣬳
򵥵Ķȴǿһ
ͼ߹òųɣֱӷϾˣڲ˵ȻΣ˵ʱʷٸûм¼ʵ顣
Ѿȥôˣ벻˼ǵ
ãһӶߴ߹̧ͷͻȻ̾һ
䣡
ƽƽһ仰·һʯ׹£ɲ
ͼȻû
߹Ȼûֱ˵ıѾ˵һС
ôܣ
һƬ
֮ǰֻǲ룬ڣһ˿ˡ
ֻһ㣬廹ǲף䣬˶ͼɣΪʲôʥƫƫһ
ʮǰλȻʻǻӵʱҫ۵ĻʵʥʣǷ̫ͼ书ԣĻӶԶԶȲĳЩʱʥʶ硣
ͼȻҲͳ˱ǿĵ˺Ͷ֡
ƺ֪һ㣬߹ûе忪ڣ˵ľ£
Ķӣ˭᲻ϲڻʵȻҲ⣬ͼǻʺĵճӣԵʱĸڻʵͼ̳лλģǵʱʥʡ
ʥʳ֣ڵĴƻʵ۾ͼˣ
飬߹겻ѡ
Сڹ֮УڵȻ˽ⲻ
һҲ𶯲ѡ
߹һʥĹʥߵ֮ĵһĸҲû뵽ʮ֮ͼжԣ߹Եλ̫ӾȻ˸ߵۣĳЩʥʡ
ֻϧ̫Ҳ̫Ը֮ǰû˿ԳԻԣǵʥʳ֮صЩȱҲȫ
֮ǰͼʥ֮Ѿˮÿ߶ۼ˴ܳʱѾңòˡֻǵվʥʤˣڵĴʢ
˵󣬸߹һ̾
飬ûУǲеյġ
˭˭ѾҪˣҪǣʥʤߡ
յҲǶԴõĽ
ǺأΪʲôʥûɱ
忪ڵ
ʮǰ廹ûгȻûоǳ䣬ǴӸʿĻУҲܸоóͼ˿Ҳһλ۲Ŵԣһһ죬ʥʶһв
岻ףʥΪʲôһ
⡪
߹һ£վ˵˳
µ˼Ҳ޷ȡǼҺҦʵȰǱ¸ϸ룬±Ҳǵֵ֮飬ϧһŻվһϾ²һǸһλ𣿡
ĬȻ
ͼв֪ţضȻ󲨣һ֮١
Ȼϸ˼ⲻʥһķ
£аգģҳɹԦסЩ˵ģҲֻ۲Ŵԣʥˡ
ţʲô֮ʡ
ʥʵغǿѳԽˣ
ֻ²Ǹ̾Щʱֻ֪ʥʵװ
ҲֻԼ֪ӦǱ˻ʹε£峯ķĳطÿ궼ȥһˣҴӲκˣҲø棬ڳ˱û֪
˵ε£ΪǰĽڶʹ¼㲻Ҳȥ𣿡
߹
䣡
һ䣬߹ֻһᣬȴ̲סƤһжɲ
ε¡峯ҡ̫ͼ
ʯ䣬һ
ǰʱֻʮ꣬Ϊһۣºˣʥʹؽεһصļ֮УʱһˣԷմʹ仰
ҵʱ˻մһѣɹͻƿС
廹ǵԼѯʹǸ˻ش˵ε峯ҵڶʮ
ѵ
һɲǣ鸴ӡ
ûԼڼǸˣȻǸڻʵʱڣʥĶ֣̫ͼ
߹л
뵽˴ҲͲס׼ǡ
ǵͼõĻɲءȻûȥȴҲ֪ض䱸ɭϣӴķͽƼӳ֣ͼѳôףͼºܶǰѾӳˣҲȵڡ
Ȼʲ᲻ͼΣôȻаסΪơ
߹
ʥʵһ˿ɱȣͼΣգѺĵطȻͨͨļΡ
ˣ
վһ񣬺ܿȥ
һ£
ת뿪߳ʮ֮󣬸߹һ£ͻȻס
ȻܶҲͼĻȻȥһʥֻͭӣʲô½еĶУ
л
Ųܿʧ˸߹®⡣

ž
ص֮Уһ죬һδʥµֻµСͭ䡣
ʥеĺȫֻͭУͭ߹
ֻͭеĶȫΩûпͼصĶ
ӦõģͼͨˣʥҪɱɱˣȻһ֮ͲܲƵİš
üͷ΢壬
ĿٴδͭӹеıʼǡżȫһӶ󣬵Ŀӹ׵һö˴೤ͭԿʱȴһ¡
öͭԿѾܶˣһĲԿױͭԿױһ㲻۵Ĺҵͼ
ЩҵķʹƽȻͬ
ҪǣһҵϣȻһϸСޱȵġ塱֡


ڶǧʮ ټصǰ
峯Ĺҡ
΢𣬶ʱʲô
һѳ׵ͭԿףܿʧ֮С

ҹʹڣ֮⡣
ͦεӰҹɫ֮вվһ
벻öԿ׾Ȼεصף峯зͽƵŦ
ǰڰɢһɫӨӨâͭԿףɫпѡ
ϸȥöͭԿһƹâڰн֯һ𣬹һϸСεص׵΢ͶӰеļνṹΧķͽƶС˼£ʾϷ
ǰҲüˣ
ǰĵΣа
ʼɣ
һ죬ץסԱߵһ̥ļ򣬺ܿ죬һ̥йâһ˶ݵͨ
ܹâ˸ʵĵͬ˰㷺һŵһ̥˺ܿ£ʧ
һƬڰеĹâһһӷĵص׽ơ
ֻΣʹص׶ǽƣƾеͭԿףеĽƶͬˮܿ壬ƾŵһ̥Ķݵͨһ·ֱ£ؿռ䣬ֱӳŷ峯ҵصȥ
һһķ·һһ֪˶ãڵִЩ峯ҵ
䣡
һɲǣеͭԿܵĳһ㣬ɳ뵽һϵ֮Уź¡һ죬Ŵ򿪣ӿһεıġ硱ŷǰ
Сӣ㣡
ڴŴ򿪵ͬʱһϤޱȣ˶УһǿϢƺŵˣҲ֮ѡ

һУȻһļž
ϤпһĿһ£ܿعһţ뵽εصף峯ҵ
һۣ忴һīɫذɫʯשÿһ涼οһΡ
ȻЩصκʹƵ۹εķȴкܴͬӽں
峯ĳΪҪĴ͹
ԺӹһͷʱȻ
ǳտ澲ĵģײ㣬ﲢûеôʪ෴ǳɾڵصŨҵУŵһ˿̴ζ
ﲻηһĻ
Ȼֻһ˲ܿعŸӦǹϤϢλȥ
Ƭ֮󣬾Ƭ峯ҵڼǰǵˡ
׼ڼǵӰɲǣлǸоһǿҵ𺳡
ֻ峯ҵ޴Ͻ֮䣬һһ˶ߵķμ̨ڸ߸ߵļ̨棬һͦӰźڽۣϢ
ͷɢӣֻԶһۣҲܸоšϢ
ֻ˵Ĵôá
Ľ£߸ߵļ̨Уִûĺڽ֮УһȻһ¶Ľϡ
׮㣬һ
ȻϢϸоһ̺·籩Ӵѹ
׺ᣡ
Σգ
ĵһо
Ҫǣϣٴθоһ˿ǰϤζ
ʱǨûԼ£ٴΡλ꼫Ϊصǰ˵ʮǰµķ̫ӣͼ
еͷԺзӶܿعǰͬʱ
壬ǰ
Ļ¹Ǹ߸ߵļ̨ϣźڽۣһǵӰͷɢĳĲһ£漴һɭȻЦ
ѵ㻹ǵϷôСƭӣµ㻹ƭϷ𣿡
ɭ߸߼̨ϵǵͦӰ΢΢̧ͷ­һ˫䣬˿ɢͷ塣
һɲ谵ĵ¹У׹˲Ϣ仯ΪһƬ硣
ͬһʱ䣬һˣһݣоһΣյĸо
ֻһ˲üͷ
ƭӣǰγԣ
Ȼ
ߣϷǰ𣿵ϷֻΪ㱻̫صسְһѣǿŻϵѾλѾ̫ҵŹ֮ɣôΪϷصףʲô֪𣿡
ңطأû̫ҵԿף˸Ҳ𣿡
˵󣬸߸߼̨ϵǵӰǵ⡣
ԣʱһλڵǰʵкøеģڿʥʵĳɼ͵⼫
˵ʲôͼʥ֮ĶԹԷǱʥʻܣ˼̳лλȨʱ˵ˡ
ǰˣ鷢ʱֻʮ꣬ȷȷʵʵΪڶʹ¼ʥʲűΣһ㣬ϲûƭǰ
˵Ŷ˶٣ŵ
ҲصлǰԮ֮
Ŷ
ĻУ˫΢΢һһЩܿٴα
ССݶѣҳݣյΪǵҲӦ㲻ʲô˵ɣصسʲô
߸ߵļ̨ϣǵӰ壬Ŀ͸Ļɡ
ĬȻ
Ըо̨ϵһλļأӦ˵ļأǶʥʺ͵鹢ڻ
УԼѾ˺ʥͬӡҪӮξ¡
ǰҲͰˣʥѾ䣬ҲѾȥʮ֪꣬ǰλǵķ̫ͼͬʱܹĶݣôһֱվЩ̡
ǰһ²ǰָ㡣
幪һͻȻڵ
ʲô
̨ϣ
ǰǷǡʮǰڻʵʱڵ̫ӵ£ͼ
ɫһͦһ񣬺
һɲǣһƬžֻ»صò
ڻʵ̫ۡӵ¡Ѿû⼸ˣ
ãһ૵߽ڴĻ߸ߵļ̨ϣͷŵѵõĳһ˿ֻһ˲˱عһƱޱȣٴϣ
Сӣ㵽ʲô̫ҽԿ׶㣬᲻˭֪ʣ
ⷬѾԼݣ˵һ䣬һɱͼϱɲǼ䣬ص¶ΧǽϣһյյƵƹҲ۵һ谵ࡣ
üͷ΢壬ʥȻͭԿͼȷʵֻδᡣ
ƫƫһ㣬޷ͼͣҲ޷


ڶǧʮ ָͼ
ǰ޶⣬ʮǰ۶ԴѾȥʥҲѾˣǰܹӦһжԹ£ʥʵΪУǰų̫ӵɣ

ݹ۷̫ͼһʵ޴һҲֻǵ͵ĻȨ֮ˣĸоͼҲ׼֮ˣҲⷬŵԸųԭ
ͼϾǻңڵĴΣķ֮ʱܹ˵ͼ˵ҲܹһǿĶս
£ôܷ£
ԤϣĻͼȫͻȻһҵı仯
Сӣ֪֪ӣǵȻյ̳дͳѡֻ̫һԽߣȴ˱һУη£
ʮǰ䣬֪֪жϳαиڱһ䣬ͳͳˣڣñ£
η£
Ǻ¡¡ף¿ռصͬһʱ䣬Ǹ߸ߵļ̨Ϸͼۿɢĳ¶һŲ԰סԹ޵ӡ
ľģͨ죬Ѫ˿ܲɱ
һɲǣжѡ
ãЦ̨ϣͼƽ
Сӣ˵ף㻹Ϊ˵ġ̫λʱ򣬱̫ҵλ㷴ñƳÿǿЦ
Ϊ¶ǸϽ߰ɣҪ飡
һ죬ȵȥһҪ̫ҵΪ˸ۣ
ͼ壬Ǽ
һ࣬ԣгأüͷ
Ҳû뵽ͼʥʵԹȻ֮ԶĻҪء
ʥʴԽߵݣԭΪֻԼ֪ߺ֯Ҳ֪һЩû뵽λڵʮصķ̫ͼȻҲȫϤ
λ˿оžޣ츳˫ķ̫ӣԭȴеĻҪ¡
嵣ĵĻ
ǰ£ԭֻͼųΪ۹һǿս˳㻹һ飬ҲһĶԹλķ̫иõĽ֡
ڿʱţͼеԹûʧԽŨҡ
ڵ¿ռ䱻ʮ꣬һֱڹȥС
ʱݻɽǻǸ
ǰǷܹ⿪ĽᣬҲѹȥܶ൱μ˶ѾˣʥҲѲ֪ǰǻӵܣбضΪѵǰûжʥʣھҪ𣿡
︷ᣬǿʢ»ҲΪ֮ǰԵ黹ڻǣʥˡ޷ǰų
ǰּ׶֮ˡ
´λǰǰܹ¹ȥ¶ԹʱԸԼǰǰɣ
һվһȻһɫ
߷һ֮ҪͼıɼԹһһϦģͼҲʺϵʱ
ʼţһ죬ͼı⣬뿪˵صġ
Сӣ㲻ذ׷ˣҲˣԶܸıӦģ
ͼЦ̺Ӵķ۳
ǣ
һ̾ܿתһ˿ʧ뿪
һ̥ţ壬ܿץסļһжݵ뿪˴˵ء
صһƬž
岢֪߸ߵļ̨ϣͼһֱĿӡ뿪
ãͼжһ˿
Ѿˣɣ
ͼ泯ǰһͻȻڵ
ΧһƬһ̣ƺӦͼ¡ͼһƬǽͻȻڹǽ棬ӰȻһ˳
Ϊ׵ͷñ£ϹˣȫǺ档
ū㵨ӲС֪֪鴫»ʶУʲô³
ͼͷҲûأ
ͼ߲ͣеȴһڵ¹ը
ڴˣض𾪲ѣΪͼǽ߳ģǱˣȻһֱȸӵĴָ
ͼڵĵطλεصף峯֮µĵڶʮ㡣
һֱΪԼǵһִģǴµָȻҪ絽
л̫ӵ¹ġ
ͼָһ߿Ĺǽשʯһ߳ͼһ鵭ݣ
ڣū鲻û·ûб»֪ʲô³䱻վƴһū̫ӵһ𾴣Ҳһᱡ¡
ͼԣֻһ
ָٲϲޱãǵ꣬Ҳֻܽš
ǵ£֮ǰ˵Ĳ֪¿ǵôˣﱻ˼ʮ꣬ض̫Һ֮ǣֻҪ̫ӵ´Ӧ֮ȥ̫µľʮʷɱ»࣬ūһȫֵ֧£ϵλûԼĶ
ǱߣҲŵȫֵ֧£Ϊµľ
ָ
ǽοˣ
жòԳָվǾԳ
ʧƣȺ֮Ҳģȥδסλ;Ҳ᳹սᣬζ޷ܵġ
˼ȥΨн֮ŤתǬıǰľ档
ߣ굹ûūҲòżʮŴˣֻǿϧˡ
ͼǼ
ָȴǵݣͷ·ͼ˵ǱһĹ򣬲ֻǳ͢£ûж˱ȵ
֪¿ǵˣ
ָһƽ
ˣūﻹһЩƽ֮ѪƳΧ󷨽ˡ
ָһ˵ţһߴ֡
Ĺһʳָ˳ޱȣֻϷһȭͷСĽ˸գ֮кȻһСνɫ·ˮ͸貵ѪҺ
ϸȥᷢ־ôһСνɫѪҺ֮УȻ̺ųǧϸСѼطġ
Щģ㣬ĳֹһ𣬹һضǿķ
ǵѪҺͼĿⶼһ¡
ָ̫Ը۲Ŵԣ˳ΪǧһۣΩ㡣˭뵽ô࣬ȻЩߵ֮Ǹ쵰ԼһξѪ㡣
ͼЦЦ


ڶǧʮ ƽ֮Ѫ
ƽ֮Ѫ
ľѪͨطɵģӵĪʷ񻰴˵Ӵ֮⣬ƽ֮ѪƳе󷨺ͽơ
εصף峯֮½أҲΣأûеͭԿףѽ뵽
ָһƾƽ֮Ѫ˳ִ
ͬģͼҲΪƽ֮ѪĲǰӦϣǽӦ
ɣ
ͼٶ˵һУֱӿڵ
Զָоâһ¶һ˿Цݡ
߹ȥھ߸߼̨һɶԶĵطָ΢תͷŽɫâҲͷǵƽ֮Ѫ
䣡
ǵϸСѪҺ׹ϵɲǣԭһĵ棬ͻȻˮɲһӴ󡢷̺ſֲԲηͻȻ֮ƾճ֣һ
ͼܣͬʱʮǿ
ǵƽ֮Ѫɲǣһһǿѣ飬ѩڣֻ˲Ϣ䣬һ̨ΧͼĽƣ˲ʧ

Х󷨵ѣ¹ӿָϵ۶趯¿ռڣĺҲ˲һɨգȥ
ָһĻĵͷȣǰ˼
һˣЩµЩ⣬̫µĽƣ󣬿Ҫѵ㹦򡣡
ָ˵ţһ֡
һĿ࣬棬佫ϢǰһħƣҲɢһɹⲨĺɫе
ǺɫмŹ֣Χ֮ڣŤƺȫ֮ڣһƬڵĵش
Ϲа֮Ѫ̫ʼ˵ǴϹʱЩаȡľѪ߱ǿĸʴ֮ӦÿƳϵֻҪһЩʱ䡣
ָ

ͼйâһܿ죬ָԱеĺɫУһӴ£ƿնѳͼС
ž
д򿪣һĻƺɫ͸һǿĸʴ֮
ͼһɢ¶ɫкеһƺɫҺ塣
̣
ͼһбЩŨҺк£һִϣУɫ𣬶ִһӿݣյĺۼ

ʱ仺ȥͬʱرϣͬʱȥ
ҹɫžʹ֮Уûע⵽塣
Щԡ
ƤԺһͷ֪Ϊʲôӵͼ֮Ǹоֲ׵ĸо
һʱֲ֪֮
¡¡
˼ʱ򣬴Ŵ򿪣һС
μү
Ÿһ׷׵ͷ
̧ͷŷֲ֪ҹɫǳ죬Լ֪Ѿߵ˻ʹŴ
һ£ӹ߳ǰȥ
ԣ
üһ£ͻȻͣ½Ų
ͼ̫ƽˣ
ڤڤУһԺ֪λﲻԾˡ
ͼֵ̫ƽˣѺʮ꣬һμʥˣԼɣͼȻ˵һͨȫûпһʮ꣬ɵӦеľϲͷӦһ˿˿Ŀûп
ͼʥжޣⶼ̫ˡ
ϸ룬ԼʥʹͼȻһⶼûУҲû̫ķӦֳĶʥʵǡ
Ѿ˸ˣ
尵

ʱһȶͻȻӶд̧ͷֻԶһֻŸӿ£ҹɫУһӰվŸȲż㣬ֻһۣҴҴ󲽳Լ
үˣոյϢָˣ
ȸ
ʲô
΢𣬶Ŀ˹ȥ
ô£
ָǴ࣬پһƷĹ٣ټľʦܵȥ
үǵһֱڶฮۡϾ⣬̫Ҳ鷳
ʱǶָʹڸ֮ۡУϵʱฮۡе̽ӲͻȻϢָͻȻʧˣֱʱȥָͲͣȷ㣬ฮۡѱ˶û
⣬мӵ̽ӶѲһ飬˶ȷһμָʱڸ֮ۡУ˶ţûг
ȸ
ⷬüҲ΢΢ɫ
ָϼ޻֪ģϾǸְԱƾֻ˵һ㣬ָѾ֪ڼܿ̽ӵĶĿʧˡ
࣬ۡҲ
ֻһָֽͣڰ͵͵ʲô¼ΪҪܱ֪
ָһĹ٣ʲôأ
ü
˼ʱͻȻһյĽŲУƬ̵ʱ䣬һӰŲ磬Ҵ˹
үүķԸϸһ飬һЩµķָ֣ʱȻһֱڸ֮ۡУʵһֱͻХС
ȸԣ
ʶָͺ֮͸о֣µֳַ飬ȸָǴָΧĵ飬ܼӵָʱӴˡ
ָһֱڸУ㲻ܸо鲻ô򵥣ָԽˣԽǿɡ
ֻû뵽ָ˽½Ӵ˾Ȼ
Х죿
üͷΪ⡣
۴ķ濴ָݵλӴôҲ
һͳ죬ָӴʲô
ָʲôٽӴҲӦǴͳ켶ɣ
Хܰʲôæ
ɻ󲻽⡣
ǣȥһ˽ѻХҽй
üͷһѸժϵơ
ʹͽߣڵݣҪХ죬׾١
ȻʱָһХ쵽ʲôֻҪХ죬еȻӭж⡣
ŻХ컹ûôĵӷ
үХڲڽ֮ңХȻıҲܵǣ»ʵǻ֮󣬱ᵽΣʱ𿴹Ρ
ǵͷ
֮ңХʧߣǱ߶ֲ˺ãֱӱ䣬Ĺ䶼ûв룬ǻХȴøӹһ١
Щʵ̫СХҲֻһСڴҲûʲôӰ죬ү»㱨ǵҲûл㱨ȥ
ʲôΣ
ƤֱͻȻַ֮ǳõĸо


ڶǧʮ ң
ָͺ˹ᡭָһֱͼͼͱѺεص׶ʮ峯֮СХ츺𿴹ΡָͻХ카ᡭָʧ
ͷЩͷ˲ϢԺзӶ
еֲԽԽǿҡ
ôɵ飿
մεص׳ָеĻХǡþͿΡ
ڤڤУεصף峯Լ֮ǰͼʱֿ֮
ã
ͻȻ䣬ɫ䣬Ȼ֮ʲô
ȥһΣ
˵䣬ŤͷߴĽɫŷӶȥ
ϣ
һǣеĲŨҵ˼㡣
û忿ţһ̣һ˶ʼϲ鷢ˡ
¡
ʹضҡһ춯صľͻȻεķǾ޴ĺ춯أ·ضˡ
һ𣬶ͣ˽ŲȸҲһ£˱ըķ
ִټ䣬Ҳ׷ʲô飬ôǾľ춼Բ
ণ
ʱһХУǰԶԭѾͣ½ŲٶȶȻǰٱԾ˵ٶȣƿն˲Ϣ䴩ţźķ򣬷ݶȥ
ɱ
ڳˣ
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ʹڣεķ򣬺ɱ󣬵ضҡһƬҡ

ʹڣڵλԭ䱸ɭϣʱ˿ȴһƬңһʬˣ͵ڴϣԭڵƬȫըˣΪһƬ档
ټķϣһӴͨصףڵ˺һ޴ѷ졣
ˣڳˣ
ֵǣɱ
ؽΣǸǸȥһͱƵأ

һĴЦӵص״
ֻգۼ䣬âһһ׳˶Ӱͺͷ𣬳߬һִӵһԾ
Ŀֻ߬һʬ塣
һͽʬݺڵϣҳ
ֵǣһ壬մһҲһ⡣
ڻʹдһͨҲһˣ
˻Ц
壡
󷽣һ˰Ӧţ֪ͺͷӱ֮зݶ
Щ˴Ƿ˼ҪôǱ̣ȴҪôǱѺ˴뿪
֮ȫ׼֮ˡ
ɱ
һ£һɫ׷ɱȥ
ڲǵսϴսԽԽЩصڲϵıѹ

ˣǰĽΧˣ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һոճȥʵǺܸߵͻȻ֮˻ǻ̿֡
ϸԶһεľޱѾʹĽҹɫУ⴦֪ٽ߸
ʲôȥһ岻ȥҲҪɱ汳ҲǺúһ
ͺͷɱ磬еδ䣬ֱִһȣȥ
һ࣬벻Զĵط֮УһƬţ׺ݣԷ糾Ĵͳ׷׾ۼڴˡ
䣬ɱڻʹ֮лûз˼ɲǣһʱϵ
ô
һƥͷ˫üĿޱȣǰһռϢĽͷĿ
شˣѾȫˣе˶Ѿ˳صǱߣѾȫûˣ
ͷĿڵأҲǳϻ̳Ͽ֡
ػʹ֮ڳô£˶Ӹϵһԣ׺ݣԷ糾ͬսͷĻҲгء
жٷˣ
Է糾ǰȸִ󽣣ͻȻڵ֮жˣƶӦĲԡ
Ҫػĵط̫ˣΣк󹬵Ҫǲܾŵʵۡ
ڻôµģ֮Ӧϣ˹ųеǵע⣬ö̫Ǳ֣ʱ飬˿мԴ
Ѿˣе࣬˻ףؽȥĴ󳼣佫żҲѺһЩĴһЩ׼ھӰ켫ĵˣԼһЩɵˡ
Щ˲࣬ʵϴ֮ҲҵĽʱΪ̫࣬൱һֶʱѺ֮С
Ŀǰ㡭ǧˣ
ڵصĽͷĿ
ʲô
ⷬ˶о
֮ңһֽѺ֮УЩǶ֪ġ
ͳҪ֮ҵĺǹϽʱ̲˸̫͵ԼʥԲþֻԼ֪һ㣬ϸĲ
ǵڽ֮ģ
Ҳû뵽йѺҽȻ֮ࡣ
ǧѾ㹻һˣ
ХԷ糾˫Ŀǰεķгޱȡ
⣬ǵĽ֮ҵļıҲѺ
ϣڵصĽͷĿԥ˺ܾã
˵ˣ֮뾡ƽⳡɧңΣԲܾŵ»ʣ
ʱһǰͳͻȻͷĿĻѸٳǰҵĵطȥ
ץһܣ
δ䣬ϣ˻Уֱʧǰ
󷽣׺ݺԷ糾Ҳһȥ

ɱ
ɱ󣬲ӿ԰׺ݣԷ糾ͳĽȴǱɽһһϵı£һЩ׼ɱԼֱӾͱնɱ
ۿɧҺܿҪƽʱ򡪡
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬һĲҽУսǰʮɱĽֱһɿֲ߷ݰɳȥ¡¡ڵء
ֳˣ
˵ʱʱ죬һǿϢһ㣬Ȼӵصװεض𣬰ɨȫ
䣡
̶ʱڣ˷԰ټƵĽսʿҶһ㣬ɳȥսΧ̳ƾ˿ѷԷ糾׺ݣµˡ
£׺ݣּˣ
һЦ𶯲񷣬һ죬ֱץһͷ죬ץסĲӣᵽ˰֮УĿ˺󷽵µˣӿ
ף
ǵӰо
ԭͳ죬֮УͶĻ׾Ȼû
ͳУʵĳЩҪ£


ڶǧʮ ̫ңվѹסң
ǰĻףһʱгޱȡ
ףôĵӣʹ֮ڣʥ췴
һԣԷ糾һѸٳȸֳͬʱһǰȥ
ĿɱһԽؿռ˻ס
֮ңѾ´ܹڣѾʥʴȣ񻹸ңֱʮ⡣
ңƾͨĽǵס׵ģֻ˳ֲܵס
ʥϣߣĸʥϣֻʥʣ
ҾʥʲڣҲӦǴλֵõࣿ
Цһ

׵Ļ׺ݣµ˶ɫ΢䡣
λʥյ㣬˳ԼλһһУһһ¹ϵ֮֮ף֮ѾȥôãЩ˻Ĵ¶ıͷʵʮ⡣
λԴҳӲؿһϣ£
Է糾
еĳһɵĹâֱ
׾֮ƾһ֮ºѹס
»ʸոյǻãԲϵ̫ҪսپƽϢ
£ǾͿûˣ
λһɣ
Цͬʱһ죬ԶһͳĳطС
λ
׵Ļ˶һ׵˼ѵİ֣
䣡䣡
ҲԷ糾εĲ棬׵䣬𶯣գ֮䣬Ϣ˿ڻ֮£һǰһ󣬴ӵص
𺳵ĿУӰȵ˻ԡ
죡
ᣡ
Ϣǿͬɽʹ󺣰Ӱ׺ݶɵƤرɫ
ȳֵӰĸߴ࣬ţĺ룬Ŀ߱ǣϢ磬ӵԵĺȻԭ󶼻죡
֮ңȻھУ뾩׼Ӧϣϴһı췴ǲʵ
ټ֮ǰ۾ϣ幦ͣʥŭﲢͱ˭Ҳû뵽ھȻš
һӰڵĽУй˱֣ʵԷ糾֮µĶᡣ
һ֣ƶȻ˱仯׺ݶûа֣˳»ףǡ
죬ôĵӣȻһ˼ڸģ䱾ֱϧ

ջ󶼻ʱ뾩ְ֮ʱй֮Եλ۹Ĵ󶼻ҲΪءϵ쾹Ȼϣ;ԽԽԶʹѣ
飿ʲô飿
ҷص۹ôĹͣʥ飬ͲӦòóңǸδɵСӶҴ󶼻λã
һŤޱȣȫûλ󶼻Ĳš
ܺɱ󣬷Ŀ׺ݣȴѾȫˡ
壡
ԺиֳһӰɱ졣
һǰ뱲ӣд˽Ǻķ죬ȴ·𱻶˳һֱ֮֡ϸףʼٸ߿ɲǸڴƺ绽꣬塣
󶼻֥ȻҲҧгݣߺ޲ѣ֥Ҳ׼սʱͬϣԽͷ˾˽ԽԼĹͻ㱨ʥʣδִ
·֮ҲδܵϳֻͣǱǨȥ󶼻
ǸδɵСӣͬ£ⷢӣһһֽӸ߸ϵĴ󶼻λ֮С
ӷ⽮֮ν
һȴĥ𲻵ĳ衣
ں֮ңٴα׽ϸ룬ҲΪ塣
ΪȵӳɹλµƻʣôڵҲضص۷壬һٶΪܾ衣
֮Һǽűսٺʥ죬»ʵǻҰæýŲմأû˹˵ͱˡ
䣬òؼգ״λᡣ
壬һҪ
ݺݵ
ջĿ⣬תͷ׺ݣԷ糾ˡ
ɱ
ûȵµ˳֣ŭһȻ˹˹ȥ
ɳս
еĳһ٣ĶһӴĽգֱӳµն˹ȥ

ɲǼ䣬¶䣬ԭ˵Ļʹʥʱ˻ɳĳ֮ء
Ѫף
֮ŭ
ͬһʱ䣬ҡض׺Ͷڷ֮󣬺Ȼ֡
䣡
λͳ켶ʵǿʸͬ˲ͬӿϯܣֻһĲҽУһ־壬߷һ㱻ɳȥ
绢Ⱥ֮ûһ֮С
ϣ
סǣ
һĻԷ糾׺ݣµҲǲȻŭһ䣬ŷ˷˶ȥ
ȫ߸ɱۣ
нͳȫ֣·죬ף͢ط

һ󱩺쳹ʣԷ糾е
ⲻһһı䣬µǱ뾡ˣƽҡ
ɱ
Է糾ٻ˷һͳµľŷ˵ķɱ
δֻһ̶ХսΧһֻվ£վݼ֮ϣ˸Ŵʯ
Сģ
챩
䶼ǲۣߣ˺Ĺټһֱ֮У϶ֻһ£ͻ߶ûУ̶ʱڣԳǧĽĹ·硣
һڽ׺ݵĹ£ӴܳȲˣҲֻҧ֧ţȥܱҲֻǳ顣
Ȼʱͻ𡪡
ϣ
صһޱȣ·һ㣬ͻȻ˶һ̣غһɿֲڳˣ죬׺ݣԷ糾ڣȻʧɫǿϢͻȻӵص籡
䣡
û˷ӦΪģԲڣ˴ʹټΧڵĵ涼ͬļװһҵҡηǰǵ޴ѷֽͬƬһ㣬ֱ
ڵصһӰ˲ƿնֱʡ
Ӵѹޱ޼ʣˢķͬӴɽһصѹϣ˴
ʲôˣ
һɲǼ䣬Է糾׺ݵ˷׷ױɫ̧ͷա
ʮˣֳˣ
УХһӰϢԵǿᣬͬһبգϴһĺڽۣĿκοз
ֲģϱĺϢ׺޵Ҳǵ¶ǿߣǰȴͬӨ֮£˲Сޱȡ
˵ϢȫԽ˵۹󽫵ļҲԽ΢
ֻһۣη壬޷֮Կ
̫ңվѹסң
¡¡ף쳹ķնҵز


ڶǧʮ 𶯣
ӵص׳Ŀ磬ɨķû¼ҵսԼǰԷ糾ˣֱԶ̫
㣡
ʱһӵ洫˵ݣһƥѪϵ𶯣ʧ
һ˷еĿⶼ˹Ȼȴ޶á
̫ӣͼ
һɲǣԺֻʣһͷ
ʮǰʱ»ֻʮ꣬ΪδĽͳ죬ʱϱֳľ츳ѾӴܶණˡ
̫ͼ
Ǹʱ׹Ĵڡ
츳ʵĵǣԼһϵо˾ٶκΪ֮ۡ
ȻҲܶ˿޹츳ڣһѵõţǶλ̫ҲóϷ硣
߶Ϊ֮Ĵڣ
ʥʺճԼǳ䣬ڵĴƻʵۻˡ
һжֻʵǣǳҵ֮ͼ־ͳ׵شӴƵʷʧˡ
ȻôҲû뵽¸ʮ꣬Ѿȥķ̫ͼȻٴγǰ
벻Ȼ˼ǵñȻˣǱһ
УͼӸ£ЦһƳһۡ
ˣ
δ䣬ͼһֻƴӺɫ·һɲ֮䣬𶯣һɫʱ֮ŵѸСͬɽһ㣬ޱߣ·˸ѹȥ
ã
Сģ
һͼ֣ܵһɫʱ̺֮Ӵ׺ݣԷ糾ԼһڽͳоһɿֲϢ˶˲ɫ
ȫ֣
һȣɲǼ䣬ƴȫֻ֣һǧһſеĺɫʱ֮ȥ
ȻͼһƴȫķȴԵôޱȣưһǺɫʱ֮ѣ鿪
䣡
ɫʱ֮׹һ˷ǧĽ񣬰׺ݣԷ糾ڷ׷ܵش˳ȥ
θһƬֻһս֮ת
ͼǿµʵǰԷ糾˸һ
սһ࣬վ֮⣬ȫڵϣ壬ʹ
һɲǣվ
ɫʱ֮˲䣬һֺĴ
̫ǿˣ
ͼʵԶԶسԽǣﵽһ󼰵ľ磬ܹġ
䣡
һĻǰ˷ܣһ۸ߺ
죬ᣬ׵Ҳվһ仰˵
䣬ֻ֪һӴͻȻӵصһǵΣҲ˽ǵķͽƣʱѵãټ֮һƬң˾͸Ⱥǵطһ˳
׷ʲô飬ǹʲôִ֮䣬Ҳһ֪
Ƶصףѵε˾
ǵԵӰԺһͷҲ𶯲ѡ
λǰڻʵʱڵĶ̫ͼǸڻʵյĻʴ˳Ļλ̳ˣδܹΣؼգ̫ӵµĹͣһݼ£
ʱ֮һͻȻ쳹ķ
ͻȻ˵ע⡣
Х죡
׻عͷĿһѷڴͻȻֵĸߴӰ˳
֮ңХһͶ˴ӣֻǺĽ䣬Хսܣʧȥ˴أ֮Ҳûй£׻һ۾ϳ
ֻһ˲׵Ŀ΢ƣ˻ХһڰеӰ
ͷñһɫһȺ֮УԵúȺ롣ע⵽׵Ŀ⣬ҲʶƲͷȥ
ˣһۿˣһϤĸо
ֱ߻ףȻ˵ǻХ죬Ҳ˴ѣĻָʹͷñźɫˡ
ƴˣˣǵָˡʥףΣ˲鵽ڻʵʱڵ̫ͼεصףصؾ
ڵĳ͢ôӦñҸǣ»ʺ彻ãֻҪڣⱲӾͱͷν󣬴Ҫһͷأ¾õĻᣡ
ƺ֪ʲôХйâһʩչܵĹ򣬾ڻ׶˵
ʲô
ХĻ׻һ϶ʱ¶һ˿ȵɫ
ٴο˻ХһۣΪʲôһϤˡ
ô࣬һƷԱٹ֮ףÿ춼빬ǰ̫͵֮ٹٷ׷׸Ϊͳ᲻Ϥ
жڱָʹХǴָôһоȫͬˡ
ʣеǵӰضǰʱڵķ̫ͼɣ
ûĶģǻХ˵һ仰
󡱣еǷ̫ͼôĻˣֹˣж˳Ļ˵һڳ࣬һ¥
Ҫô
ѹͬʩչܵĹ
ĿȻŻХ죬ⷬȴǶָ˵ġ
Хͷһ󣬺ܿعͷϸ
ֻƬ̡
ӵ̫ӵ£
̫ӵ꣡
λǸڱյĻλ̳ˣĴƻʵۣ
ǻڵʲôһ׷̫ӵ£Ψһ·

һߺУ׼˺ԥȹȥ
׷£
ҲԸЧҵ£
׵˹£Ҳ׷׸Ź
˲һƬţһĻԷ糾Ǿⳡξޱ䷢չڣѾȫˣǳ췴
Х
գźѹѹһƬӰԼ£ͼֻһɫޱȡ
ĿԶʹߵ̫һΣͺûпһѸٳ̫ķӶȥֻһգۣʧ١
ηǰһƬ㵡
ȻͼķӦȫǵϡ
ô죿
ϣվ˫ü壬һԵĻס
ȻҲǵ۹Ĵ󶼻Ϊˣϰ뱲Ӵ󲿷ʱ䶼εҸڻʵʱĬĬţټ߻ʵԶԻʹڣرǰ鲢˽⡣
ڷ̫ͼҲֻ˵ֶѣ̫˽⡣
ΨһżֵģҲָֻıˡ
Īӳȥӵ̫ͼδز͸ǵĻᣬ綼һ֣ƴһѣ
׷ȥ
һ䣬׷ȥ
죬ᣬԼڶӳҲ׷׵ת򣬳ͼʧķ׷ȥ
׷̫ӵ£
һźҹɫƮԶ


ڶǧʮ ֱ̫
һ˵Ǿ䵽ͼǰҲֻƬ̵ʱ䡣
ɱ
ͬʱʹ֮УĺɱҲ¶һ˿𾪵ɫԸоǧһ·̫ķȥ
֮ʹ֮һƬңԶԶȥԿĻǵ㣬Ũ̴ӻʹ
Ϣ֮УעĿĻЩǰһأɫ籩ֲϢ
ڵĹҲӶԷϸоɽʹһӴѹֲǣӶԷϸоһǿ󣬺̫ǬΪƵʱղ
ͼ
ʯ䣬һͷԺзӶ˲Ϣ䣬ɫޱȡ
εصףŸռͼڵͼĸоȵʱǿ󣬺ʣѾͻʥʩϵͽƣﵽ˼Ϊµĵز
ã£
ͼεص˵Ļһ룬һı䷽򣬷ٳ̫ķȥ
ͼֱ꣬ʥʶȥȨʥԼʥʵﶼмԹޣڵصҲͰˣ˳׷Ź
ǣͼҪȥ̫ƻʷ󣬶̫С
һ˫ϣ롣
뵽нޱȣ䣬޴ıըУٶȰ˼£Ѹٳ̫ȥ

ã
ʱ˿̣ŻʹжԶֹ壬ʦ⣬ҹɫ֮У̫ʼϴŹİɫߣһԣ츮վһ
ָȻûп㣬ôĶҲֻλǰ̫Ӳˣ
̫ʼЦ
ӻʹеضҡһըʱ̫ʼѾˡ
λãȥĿл⴦Ҳﺰɱⲻǡǡε
ˣǸͼʵǿеĽס̫ϾأǱ߿ҲӲܹɹٵʮʷ𣿡
츮ʱԱߴС
ߣͲصˣ̫ܺ˶൱һȽˣǷ֮
ͼѾﵽ˰벽ľ磬ʮ꣬ʺ츳ҲӦôﵽ˶쾳ǴƵĻѪûƵʷˣ
̫ʼЦһ
츮ԣʶŤͷٴοһ۴ƻʹķвɵһ˿ɫ
֮ǰҲ֪λʱķ̫ӾȻǿֵز
ˣʷҪֲƻʵλ𣿡
ͻȻʲô츮ԥһ£ڵ
˵ɣ
̫ʼ˫֣
츮̫ʼıӰʱʲôŤͷʹķ򣬲ٶ˵ʲô

ʹɱдӳ䶼ͼһ˷໽У̫ķȥ
һ·ϲнӿϵĳͼسɱȥͼֻһƣͶ䣬еĽʱɨҶ㣬ͼɨȥ֮˿ɵУӻͼĽŲ
һĻеҲԽ˷ˣһ˻ߣĺ
̫ӵ꣡
̫ӵ꣡
̫ӵ²Ĵƻʵۣһ׷̫ӵ£ɱ

һ˻쳹ء
һ·ϣʶͼĿֲҲ̲סƤ
˵ʵʵ̫ǿˣȻʱڵ̫ӣ˵жܹɹ
ηͼɱ̫ҲֻΪָһðһԣڿֻҪ۹Ӧ֮ǰɵ࣬˵仹ܹɹ
ߣȥ
ۿźͼ֮ľٴαһݣβ׿ڣǰȥ
ǰͼʼͣ㣬̫ȥƻʹص꣬ǧۻ󷨽ƻǶĿռ֮˲ٵĸš
ţ
ھһʱͼ˫üһͻȻͣĿ˵Ծ벻Զһ

ϤĹϷ޴ңͼͻȻɫһ䣬˵͵һĳ
¡ֻһ죬ɫƺƵӿ磬ΪһֻȻ£ֻһƾͽоøʢһƬ
᲻ǵãǵ˵̫ҵʱסĹ
ݼڣҲڣֻҪǺ̫صģͳͳ˳ۡ
ߣ
һߣͼβٶѸٳ̫Ӷȥ
䣡
һɫʱ֮һ£ѸٴӻʹϷĽ֮ǿдһͨͼѸУʧ

ͬʱ̫С
ô£
֮УһۣǰްϻһСɽۡ
ҹɫʳŴе⣬ҹۣԽԽĺɱ̲סе̧ۣͷķ
£ֻһЩССɧҶѣԴͳ졢״ͳԼ´ͳѾȥΧˣźܿͿƽϢ
һѼɤӴԱߴҴһƽ£ֳַԡ
λҲ㰾ͷҲӹ߹λãΪµĴܹ̫ࡣ
ܿͿƽϢ
仰ɫ΢ݣŤͷ
浱ʲôǺܿƽϢ𣡡
͸һ˿ŭɫ
εĶңӸովѾ֪ˣʱҲǻ㱨˵ѾܿƽϢɧɧûֹϢڵλԽԽ
΢֪
ԣһݣæͷ
ڵѽȣ˵֮࣬ŭʱҶЩη塣
ܿ죬Ҿ΢΢̧ͷһӰ˸ɫ
£ѾЩ̫ȫ΢ͱ£ʱ뿪̫ͨǿĽƱʱƼȵһƽϢٳֲִ١
ʱһԱߴɴһ־Եĺɫؼףһ˫۾ȫûؼ֮С
ҵ˼֪һȴԣһҪĻǱİΣ
Ȼ̫Χǵ۹ģðκηա
һʲô⣬롣
ƣΪһ֮һСС֮䣬Ҫ˱ᣬպǵ۹£ʹŷƾʲôȥ£
ɫһԥľ;ܾˡ
عţ𢣬۳ʲô飬޶뿪
ݣҶɫһϵᣬһʱ˵
ʲôˣ
ס
˵ʱʱ죬ڴһƬ͵ʱͻȻ֮䣬һͻȻӴ⴫

̫ڣɫһ⡣


ڶǧһ ɱķ
䣡
һϢıըУֻһҽУһʱɳȥ
ǿֲȻ̨ףײ̫صĴϣһĺ죬̫΢΢
һɲǣڣ˷׷ױɫ
ʥĶ֣ʵ֮ǿӹɣҲʥǿһϣôǿȻ޷ܶԷ
һȺϣ̫ҳ֣Ҫɵһƾǡ
ͬʱһޱȣͻȻӵ⴫бɱ絶ƽ˲
¡
ڣɫ԰ף嶼΢΢ٴοࡣ
˵ˣ
û˵֪꣬Ҫ˵ʲôֱӴϵ
꣬ûλʵΪһҾͱߵģңڵһȥҵҪʲô˸ڹң
һ仰кһϣǽϣһԽԭʥʵ֮ӦɳС
ֳֳɫݣû˿η壬ֱȥ
ԣ档

䣡
Ŵ򿪵ɲǣѾ׼龰Ȼ̲ס˸оһǿҵĳ
ƻʹǿսʮʵǿ̫һ˾ľϡ
֮ңôĽкǰͺ̣һһĳһµҲ۵һ㣬ʬҰ
̫ǰۻɽʬͻ罭һѪ֤Щʵ
Ȼʱ˿̣򿪴ţڵɲǣȥһۿľʬ塣
̫ΪģһˣڸطǷޱȣ޼᲻ݵĳȴеͼƣԼĶ
һĳյ£ֱӹᴩЩ壬Ƕ̫ǰһ̨档
ѪǵʶĿġ

һĻ˶ˣ
ôܣ
֪Էʵǿ󣬵ȴû뵽ԷʵȻ˿£ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Ѿаϵնɱ
̫ǰֻʮ˵ֳֳ赲ͼǰ
£ߣ
֣еһе
Էʵǿò˼飬ֻʧأֱ˾
ߣߣߵ𣡡
ͬʱһߴϴͼգڽ趯Ҳע⵽˴Ӵ߳۵࣬һ˲䣬ĿһɫǱޱȡ
䣡
һɲǼ䣬һһɫʱ֮С̩ɽѹһ㣬Ѹ·˺ȥ
Сģ
һɫ䣬׷սеĳٴС
䣬˲Ϣ䣬ееĳǽǣ˷׷װεض𣬾ۼȫЮɽľµĺɫʱ֮ȥ
ǰҲһݣͬγһ̤Ĺ⻷ӽ±һ㣬Ѹӹؿռ䣬ʣһյͼȥ
죡
ͬʱ͵һҧսʥʵ֮һĽУͬβյͼȥ
Ȼֻһ죬ǿ籩Ĺ׹µĺɫʱ֮еĹ׷ױŤ顢ѡ

ֻһĲҽУŴ𶯺ͺԼ޴˳£еڣȫˣͼĹ·׷ױɳȥ
飡
ͬһʱ䣬һеǱ֮תţһɸ͵ɳȥббĲڵϡ
꣡
âһֻһ죬ഩһۣһֻǿƺݺָһ㱻𣬾ٵ˿С
£
һĻʧսŵ˼㡣
ס֣
ͬʱһ󱩺ȴӺ󷽴δ䣬𶯣һɰЮŻԵ籼׳һ㣬ȻԶͼĺ
¡
ɽصݺ̫ǽϣ𶯵̫Ҫֲ֧סһ㡣
һطâһһɫʱ֮ͼ࣬Ժܹ֮Ĺ
СӣȻˣ棬ûȫ㣡
Хͼ壬һͷɢĺڷ趯Ӱ°ΰ
ǰһǿ¾͵¾ˣ
һ仰ͼɱޱȡ
ˣ
̨ǰ屾Ѿϵ̫⣬ػΧͼĻֱֿһͣ˽Ų
̫ˣ
ȻѾ߾ȫǹϵĲ࣬ʹͼࡣ
ſ£ǰȻʵĶԹ޹أǰҲһ˽ܣѵҪСΪ𣿡
һǣɫҲѿޱȡ
ǧվǱָ̫ʼˡ
ſޣ㵽ʲôˣ
ͬʱץͼţôһҲĳƺע⵽ͼϵĺڽۡ
ǻӵܣڹеĸƺ͹ǰϴĺڽ۲ʲô˶ԴģȻҲΪ̫ӣҲֻǴ̫ӷơ
ֺڽûʸ񴩣ֻе۹ʵ֯¾رƵġ
ֻмͻɾ͵ĻӲܹܵر
һ۾ܱǾʲôƷĻ
ңҾԭˣʮǰ㸸һִж˽ɽ𢣬߻Ȩ
ʻͼЦֻಱӵȴǯһ㣬ɡ
ʮǰôܣ̫ͼ
ͬʱǰͼ𶯣¶һ˿ݡ
Ȼں֮ǰѾˣΪʥһҪת۵㣬ڳʥʵڻ˵˶ģȻܶϸڲ˵̫ϸͼֿûмӲ֪
Ǿʥһǿľ֮һ
ôû뵽ͼȻţһĳǰ
ʶģĿԽͼһ塣
֮ǰȻ֪һЩģǰ˵ݣȻҲп֪
һ֪࣬Ŀ⣬û˵ֻǵ˵ͷ
ˣ
ķӦһжʱȥ
ǰԼСͼôյˣ
ߣ̫ȻٹףôӣȻ΢ûǻȮӣ
ʱһߴӶд
˼תʱͼĿ䣬ͬڴ࣬Ŀеıġ


ڶǧһһ ķ
̫ʵˣҪӽ侳ͼһЩҲж쾳ΪͼԭΪΪ̫յļ̳ߣҲﵽ΢ߵĵزû뵽ȻֻǸʥ侳
ӦǰѽлλĹͰɣ
ͼһ죬ϣԶǱ֮ƿնС
ֻǵͼϽɲǣǱ֮ͻȻҵĲͬʱâǣһӴͻȻӽڲһɹɽХĽֱѹͼͼų⿪
ųͼƿأ
Ȼ֮ģ
ߣ̫ҶˣһҲҺͱԣ
֮ܵǿҷͼĿһ죬ʱ𵴣һһɫʱָ֮֮䣬ͼָһץֱǿз֮Ľâ˲ͽµ֮ǿзӡץС
һĻ˷ڶһ
֮ʥʵ彣
֮ңʥһ˸ˣħΪ֮ס
飡
񽣽ʥʵʮ꣬Ѿ߱һԣӣ˺ѿƣͼƾµʵǿзӡѽ
֣ͼȴûж࿴һۣĿкһǰ࣬ܿٴοˣ
࣬ҸһᣬֲǸӷµĹ
һگ飬£˵㸸ʵбʣʹıƣñɵֶζ˱ĻλҲΥ˸ڻʵ۵Ը㸸ʵ״ҹ£˵ΪܣԸλøңΪ
չǻѪķϣһһ
ͼ̫Ͽջ죬˵ĶĤ֮С
һɲǣ˶־ŭЩػ̫ǣһɫǺ죬սбŭĿӡ
ʥĶ⻤ʥĹ羴ޱȣ
ǵļŭͼΣ»࣬ЩѾȻ֣ͼಫˡ
ס֣
ſ£
һͶŭޱȡ
Ȼ뵱ʵۣ
һ࣬ⷬҲޱȣУ
취ס
а
ͼӵǿҵʱղεѹܴѹȻƾԼĶ֡
һ߹ͨԼ̥ѸٸһԺм˼Բߡ
̫ӵ£ѧ֮ҲͨʷӼڻʵҲԵµͲѡ
ԹžѡĴƷԡ£νλܳã̫桢̫ڡڣѡ̳߽ˡ
ܿ죬ǰ˵ˣ
䷢ʱûгûв룬Ҳ޷ʥʼλ֮󣬹̩ǿʢҲﵽǰδеĵزݴأ̡
ʥʱΪǧһۣⲻԳƣͬӵһµơ
ȻףǵƷУ̣¼λ̣־ʳ񾮾١֮࣬ͬ𾴺Ͱ
һ֮£Ҳһ֮£̫ӵҪϻλӦƾԼжȥ˵𾴺ͰΪʣǿȡᣬ¡ɽ𢣬Ϊһ˽
ƾ費ֶΣλõ£Ҳվöʧų꣡
ܼžĽŲݲȣ̫ǰ졣
棬˶˹ͼҲע
ߣſڴƻƣ
ͼһĿ
ûãôʧȥȨôᱻ̫εص׼ʮأСӣ֮ǰص˵Ƿϣһ㲻ڱǰ˵˵ǾͲҪֱ飡
壬ͼٻ˼˼档
֮ǰڵص׵ʱԸͷȻҪİƾһ㣬ͼͺ˲һ
Ȼֺøкеߵġ
̫ӵ£֪͢ٵУΣءָͺ˹ᣬ⣬Ҳ֪ôŵ㣬ЩѾڶݷֲһаɽˣҾۼһӴ
͢ով¾ɸʥҲչãʱ³ʲôأֶ͢ңǸԷɳ֮ʱ򣬶ݡ߾۹ͻʺϣضƸأƶս֮У
ΪѪѵԸ⿴òʢĴƳ־𣿡
Һ˰ػģǷŵ³ҲֻΪõ¶ѣķֲ£ֺαڶݶһ٣˲ţǧ򲻿ϵ
һɫһ˵ţһ߰Ժ˸ɫ
ͼʵ̫ǿ֮Ҫ취סȻͼߡ
˵Щǲ֪
ͼֻһЦ˵ģ
ԳؼҼʲôͼıҲСλϻλ֮󡣡
Сӣдһ̫ҵگһ··һ
ͼ˵ָһգͨ죬ѣͣʹ
ͼĻҲɹ༤ŭ
ܣ
ͨӣ
Ӣ䣬½֪ͼã˽̫أУֻὫµԼͬ죬Լ˽
գ㼵̫أΪ˵ϻλֻҪԷԼΪУҲػԳ͢ǷȫֶΣһ򾡡
ȴ㲻ͬ˼׼֮һԴΪأĳٰ˳ɶ˴Ƴ͢Ź֮ƾһ㣬ͼεºܣȻ͸Ტۡ
عţ𢣬ǾǰգһҪޱϥ̰λ㣬ܣ
ɫݣ޾ɫ
⣡
һͼ߰Żʱлᣬ֮´̼Ȼͼеĺɱ
ã
ȻеȻ޾壬ģͼŭЦԣ硣
ĲȻôͱ˵ʲôã㲻ǿڿ𢣬͢𣿲ܱ²𣿡
ͼЦĿǱġ
δ䣬ͼһӣһɫʱ֮Ѹֶϣûڣ漴ͼݺڽ²Զĵط
ͬʱͼһժֱӴժһöʵݵĽɫơ
һͼûɫ֮УɲǼ䣬öƶʱհ㣬ҫ۵Ĺâ
ֹˣͼöƵʱ̫ǰƺƣҲȻ𶯣ƺͼеöɫƻӦ
ã
һоСݽ̫ص׵ľʮʷͼеöɫƲǿҺӦ
ǿʷĺģ
һ˲䣬ʱ׹öɫʲôˡ


ڶǧһ ƣ
ʥöƣһֱΪֻǴʵ۵ݣҲûȻҲ֪ûϵʷĹؼöơ
ͼʵ߳ΪѪټпƷطû˿ֱӶʷĿȨ
ǰɣ
󾪣һݣҲ˲ǰݶȥͬһʱ䣬ָһһĽƿնͼеĽɫƱȥ

ԥʩչ
̫ص׵ľʮʷֹάϵʹĸַͽƣСݽģһ类ƣҲûֹܹ̫ʼˣʦ֯ǰ
Ȼȫǳˡ

ղأͼȭһȭͻĲץסɫƣͬһȭЮʱ֮ݺݺ´
ʮʷ۹أû٣ϼӹ̣ʷַͽƲۻɽ㷨ƾ;һǿ߿ġ
֮Ͳƻġ
Ȼ󷨺ĵƣʵ̫΢ʥ侳ΪҲƲ󷨣ͼͬΪŵ۹ܸϲ̫ӣͼָƣҲΨ׾ٵƳ
¡
һ̣ضҡͼһȭ£̫ص׷һʹǾʦҡΣ·٣һ㡣
ˣ
һ͸
ԭСݽ磬ܹоʦı仯һɲˮ齻ڵĸоѸȥֱĸо
꣡
ʦϿգһѰ죬ƺƣ磬ԭھʦϿյСݽһ̱״ˡ
ã
ͬʱʦ⣬ããҹɫУƥյ£̫ʼ츮ϵ۶ʱ졣
ڵһˣͼȻһѣ
츮ǳˣ
̫ʼЦĽһ̤𶯣һȦȦ׽ɫʱ֮·㣬Ѹٴвâһ̫ʼһץס츮ļȰʧ̫ʼִ򿪵һʱͨС
ʷ󱻻٣ֹƵСݽ磬Ҳƻ˻ʹֽ硣
û֧ţЩ󷨺ͽҲֻװζѡ

ɱ
ڽƿͬʱʹ졢ᡢ׵ǿҲŴȺԶһ·ƴɱ˹
̫еΣ˶һû׷ʲô죬ȫͼԲԶ࣬Ӧ
̫ӵѾɹֵ࣡ǣƸĳڽգ
ӵ̫ӵ£̫ӵ꣡
̫ӵ²ǴĻʵۣ

һŻһ纣˰㣬ǵأƾޱȡ
סڣ
ʱһȷ·ըͷĿѣվס
죬㻹󣬾Ȼڶš
ͼĵطĿ磬һ۾ע⵽Ⱥǰķ졢׵ˡ
壬㲻Ҫ̫񣡡
Ļˣһ
ʲôڻţ
ֱдԼн
壬Ҫ̫⣬ա
һԣҲ
ȻʱϾǣһģ

ƺƣһһ»Ӱֱƿնɽ֮Ƴŷ졢ᡢ׵ϯȥ
էһ֣˲Ÿ֪ﵽֺ˵ĵزǹǵأһƬ޾ŭΣĴ
ǹֱϢ
Сģ
졢ᡢ׵д󺧣һƴȫӿĽ»Ӱȥ

ֻһҽУڽӴɲǣһ꣬졢ᡢ׵ͬڶ׷ױĹɨҶɳȥ
ھʵǰ˸һ
ôܣʵʲôʱǿֵز
ʱ˿̣𺳵Īڷˣ֪ǿֲѹԵԣɲԼ۾
֪Щ˳Ľ֮ңϾûн뾩ʦҲû뵽徹Ȼǿ˵زʵ϶ᡢ׵ˣټѳ֮ҵҽȻҲһ֮У
Сģ
ˣ
ԭһȸԾ˷ޱȵ˲Ϣη壬ذͺǰеϣԽ׳һ
Ǻô磡
˵ʱʱ죬ڴ˿̣һЦ͸ɭɭ⣬Ӱдδ䣬һ׽ɫĲƾճ֣Ѹ󣬶֮Уһֻƴ˳
ɫߣ
ɫۣ
̫ʼ
гֵǵӰһ𣬶ʱٴС
ǵʱ߳ӰǱˣȻڳⲻǻ̫ʼ
ּˣ
̫ʼ󣬹âһ츮ɫ䣬ҫǹ⣬ҲŴδرյʱͨ˳
ХգӸ£裬ȵϢȫһصĸо
ϣû˵һȴǳˮס
ԼĵջǷˣΪһ̣̫ʼ֪ȴ˶ãûСݽ磬ʱûʲôܹ赲ˡ
죡£
׽ѵ
ҲʱһܼĽŲ𶯣ܼ꣬ϴ洫
ֻôƬ̣ͷܶãã纣˷Χ
ʹ֮йӣȻʮÿ˶ԼְӴľӷɢڻʹط
ܵӣнѸٷӦĽɽ˺صΧһȦһȦ
Сģ
ˣ
ʱ˿̣ҡĪھۼ̫ˡ
ִ٣ǿͻѣ䲻⣬ܹһ·ɱԴĽôһԵ΢һлֲ̿ѡ
ߣ
УΧ츮һ趯ֻһһɺɫľЮǹ⣬һ˲仮գΧĽҵıը

ھ޴ıըУһĲҽУ԰ټƵĽըɳȥϵĿ׺ǿµը÷顣
츮ּľǿǰʵԵ΢
츮ס֣
һĻ岪ȻŭһΣ츮ȥ
Ȼ˳ɣһȦ׽ɫʱ֮ЮŷʱյСͻȻǰը
̫ǰһԽ̨ףЩʱ֮ǰ·𶹸㣬ױ˺顣
Ӧ죬ǰӦΣգǰˣͱʱ֮пˡ


ڶǧһ ŵ̫ʼ
㣬;ôʵ³çж
Уӿ̫ʼᵯ˵ָջؾ
û˵ɫȴѿ˼㡣
츮ٸҶ֣ұɱ㣬̫ʼҲ㣡
ĿתԽ̫ʼ˺츮ϣ
ɱң
츮Ц
ʱ䣬㻹ǿǿԼɣ
츮ЦˣȴվһЩٳ֣Ȼϴһսǿʵ˼ӡ
𣿡
һĮӰд̫ʼŹİɫߣֶȫ
˾͸̸ˣ
̫ӵ£Ȼ֮ˣһ㣬̫ʼ
̫ʼһ̫ǰͼ΢Ц
Ȼͼֻһߣȫûй̫ʼ˼
Ҫ⣬ǷҳҴӦǰ£ֻһƽףڽɣ֮Ѿûκιϵˡ
ͼ
ͼǲһģ츮Ȼŭ
磬ûκܹ֯Կ̫ôž޵˶ˣοһͼ
ˡ
Ԥϣ̫ʼ˰ֹ֣츮
̫ӵ˵ûֻһף׽һȻ
Ŀһת̫ʼܿ쿴˵ϵ塣
΢СĶ˵ע⣬Ŀ׷׻۵ϣͼʱҲ塣
֮ǰȻεص޴󲨵ڻٵصʷ̫ʼ֮󣬷࣬һԹߡ
ʱ˿̣˶ó̫ʼǳġ
̫һȴǵġһöɫԿװĶǷǳҪңȻҲܱ֤һٿԻסʦİȫ
̫ʼһ˵ţһߴӰл£ͺһεĽݰ㡣
Կף
ĿһдΪ𶯣̫ʼһֱǻȥھʦ⣬һֱΪΪԼڿˣĿġ
ѵöԿף
аʯ䣬ͻȻʥʷǸɫͭԼͭԿס
ܿ죬ҡҡͷ
öԿεصףͨͼҵĴţ̫ʼҪĶ̫ʼ˵öԿ׳죬еȴһͭԿףͬ
̫ҵļ̳ˣƵİҲΪ㲻˵ʲô֪ɣ
̫ʼһֱ壬ԹɫʱͻȻڵ
̫ʼҸ֪˵ʲô

Ļ̫ʼ̤ĽŲͻȻһ٣ͣգһ̡
䣡
û˿ףһȻ̫Ľұը

ĲҽУԶʤǰĽըգһ֫ϱɡ
̫ʼֵҪ츮ǿ̫ˡ
쵰
ŭҲû뵽̫ʼȻ˵־Ͷ֣ұ츮Ҫ̡
ֻһССľ档Ǵͳ˧˵һ򰮻£ôӦҲܰϧЩɣ
ҪĶԻǵİȫ򡭡ߣСݽƣѾûʲô赲ǣȺҲӦÿ뾩ˣٳһ㣬ľͲֹǽˡ
̫ʼ
̫ʼ
ݺսȭͷʮָ죬зŭ˼㡣
̫ʼ˵ûûнкȫھʦͨ衣
Ͷάȡ
ֻҪһССĶѣöԿױǵģҲʲôʧ㲻Ҫɱɣ
̫ʼ˵˹͸¶ɱȴ͸ĺ
̫ʼҲ֪˵Կʲôҿȷ㣬ʥʸıؾСݽ磬ڣѾƵˡ

ڵĴΪܹɱ̫ǬȫΪ̫ǬĴ빦ȫʹס䲻þ޴ĺ;ʹŽըˣ֮Ϲ̥̫Ǭս顣
ڲ̫ͬʼˣ涼۷״̬ûаնԸ
һǿҵֱ̫Ǭóǵ̫ʼ±̫ǬҪ
һͼ
а
ͼȻƽʷ֮һֱϹۣûʲôһ̶λǰ̫ӡ
֮ǰͼҲﵽ˶쾳衣
©ƫҹ꣬ûаͬʱԸ쾳ĳǿߡ
ҪʱҪʥˣ
гأԺд˷Ѹ˼Բߡ
ʥ֮ǰһӽ벽ǿӡ嵤ֻҪԸ⣬ʱܶŻص
ɱﵣ
̫ʼͼǶԲٿʱգǺһʱ֮ƾ弴ӵʥµҲûаտԽǴˣһܹûκλˡ
Ҳ嵽Ϊֹ˽Сĵԭ
֪
ͬʱУĻش̫ʼ΢΢Щá
ҵжϴˣ˵⣬ֻɱ˻үΪ˵Ц
ң
ŭ
ߣɵ𣿡
һߴδ䣬̫ʼ˲֣䣬һȫ΢֮ϵĿֲ˲ǰƿնײվĵط
¡ر̳ʹ̫ʼĹҲ
Ȼ̫ʼ־ڱصõһȴˡ
ţ
̫ʼĿһΪ⡣
ͬʱһӶߴ
ߣСӣң
ȴǲԶ̫ͼ
¡
һ̫Χһĺɫʱ֮Ѹٲײڵأͬһʱ䣬ֻһƺߴ̫ǰսҶݣֻһգۣ̫ͼ̫ʼʮɿ⣬âһƾճ֡
΢΢ЩǱϢҲ΢΢Ȼڸոպͼսг˿ûˡ
ֹˣ󣬲֪ʱӰÿ϶ſۣһϢǿ󣬾Ȼ˿֮¡
ƾնӰ˵ĸо塣
Ȥ
ڴʱͼ˵ˣһ˫Ŀϸ壬ͺһʶ㣺
СӣСˣֲڱǰôԭ㾹Ȼǿķ
ͼ׿ԽųǧһĿǶޱȣһ۾ͿӰ츳̥
һӵ츳ͨķ
ոһɲ̫ʼͻȻ֣˵עе֮սϵ徹ȻʩչݵͨעɲǣֱƵͼµصףҪ»ࡣ
ֻϧһħһɣͻȻѣ˷ǳ⣬ûͼĸ֪
Ψһǣոһɲͼʱ֮ԭΪٿ壬߽ڵصˣƾ̥֣ȻӲԼһ


ڶǧһ ͼVS̫ʼ
սϵ˲תϹ̥̫ʼͫһࡣ
һ̫ʼּУ΢նɱǣĸ塱һ𣬱˴Ϣڣܹйһˣ̫ʼҲòԴ
ֹˣӰ̫ʼƤʯ䣬뵽ʲôǲִ֮䣬˼
Ȼֻһ˲̫ʼͻع
жϵùˣ֮Ǿõ
ҴˣλƵĻʵ۱²ĵģһ͸ðˡ
̫ʼЦһĿһתҲûм̫ǰոձͼһץеĴƻʵࡣ
̫µǼֻпҪô壬ҪôĶࡣ
֮ǰıУôֻʣһˡ
̫ӵ£Ȼû齻Ϳˡ
̫ʼͼ
ͼǰ֣ոһɲĿܱ֣ĶݵͨҲ鷳˵ڶԸҪһֽš
̫ʼоͼԼƳ󣬿ԼӢľ
ͽҰɣ
̫ʼ˵ţָһĽ£һ׽ɫʱ֮ͻȻƾճ֣⻷֮һӴҪС
Ϊﵽ̫ʼּ𣬲ٿʱգץ˸뿪ԭأһֻ֮ѡ
ָ̫ļ̳ߣ̫ʼ̫Ҳ᲻֮ǰһЩҪĶöԿ׹ϵشΣһҪõ
ס֣
Զ忴һĻҲɫһ
Ǵ»ʣϵش󣬾Բܳ£һ̫ʼУʲôʧֻ۹ֱ
ৣ
һΣѾ˲ʱķԾȥ
ȻʱۿҪ̫ʼУ˶벻鷢ˡ
գ
ԭ̫ǰϹ۵ͼͻȻһᣬ̫ʼһʱ֮Ҳá
ͼʲô
һĻ̫ʼȻɫ䣬츮Ҳһ
ͼǿѣͻȻⷬٶʲô˼
ͼ˭ģ
츮
ȻǵãҪˣֻǽ׹ϵǷҳƵ־ʦĴ󡣼ȻڱѾ˳ŵҲ˽
ͼĿ䣬ɨһۣ

ͼⷬһ˷˶סˣԶȺһ·еĻХ춼΢΢ɫ
ʵ֮ǿӹɣͼǺҪĳ³ȫ
µķչȫͬ
е㲻̫ӵµʲô
ХȺУӿһǿҵĲУʶŤͷҪѯǵͷñӰһͷǵӰ֪ʱѾʧˡ
ͼ̫ʼ֮ϵ仯ԶֹһХ죬ԶҲͣ½Ų
һɲоƷһЩ΢ı仯ƺ˺֮ǰԤϵȫͬķ
ͼѵ뱾ΪУ
̫ʼʱҲ־ŭôû뵽Լò׷ųͼȻʼҧԼ
Ϊ֪Щһ֮ǰһֱ̫ԣĻȻˣȻǰٿشƣ
УСһã͸㡣⡪
ͼ˵˴˶٣ࣺ
ûȤκ˵ĿܣµϣҲû˱
㣡
̫ʼǾŭˣͼ˼ȻҪˡ
ڶˣ
һĻ첻ѣܿ죬Ŀ
°ͼȻ̫ʼȶˣ֮ϲ
ĴͼΪôͼоȳ࣬ڿһĻ࣬һʱˡ
ͼ̫ʼҪõ࣬Ŀǰ׶Σ໹ʲôΣա
ͼ
У̫ʼŭЦ
һΪһ˹ĵķʽȻˣҲûбҪˡͼ㽻ҲãҲã࣬Ҫˡ㣬壬ȱ㣬̱ƹȻ֪˵Ǽ٣Ҳ֪öˡ
̫ʼ䣬һɱʵʣϱ̫ʼ۶˵ʱһӴϢŴڱ
̫ʼȷͼŭˡ
ǱΣͼ̫ʼȷʵûҪô˺ƤǿʳǺ֯ŷķ̫ʼҲûƾƤ˵ܻԼҪĶ
Сģнȫ˿
̫ʼɱ¶һݣһֱ۾

̫Χ飬ɽ纣Ľˮ׷ȥ
ʷƣʹмеķʧȥЧá
Ϊﵽ̫ʼͼּ𣬾Ͷ㶼бѵصڽ޴ǺޱҪġ
ˣ
ͬʱҲоΣգ׷ȥ
ЩĴεģԴˣΧ飬ãã纣Ľ޴ӡ
÷ʴӵǣԭҪӵͼΪ»ʣͼУȫĦ˼
һ̫࣬ǰͼѹûˡ
ûж࿴Щһۡ
̫ʼЩ˾ȰҲҪǱ»û˿ң̫ҲԣӲУ
ͼ
У̫ʼЦͼΪ˵һ䲻ͿԽ
ʼգûŹЩˡ
ͼãǰƻһ򾡣ݵİɽƽ·ǰϴݣ١ƻĵ
ͼΪԺԼᲢۣƽƽʵ̫ˡ
ûСݽ谭ʦشҪκ֡

ͼ̫ʼֻĸ֣һ̣̫ʼ˲֡
䣡
ʹڣضҡƥɽ̫ʼλķϯ
еĲ̫ͬʼһг̨֣ϵͼֱһ塣
ˣ
ĺ󷽣׽ɫʱ֮ƾո֣â貣ֱӳ̥Ľ£Ѹȥͬһʱ䣬̥Ϸһ׽ɫľƾո֡
ǾӱĪ⣬ִع£ޣɽ㣬ڶӿϣէһ֣̥ȥ
̫ʼ۹䶾ͼһ۾ܿϹ̥̫ʼ𲻳Ƕ̫ʼ˵ɹ֣Ҳмİƾ̫ʼĶ쾳ΪܱĽЩϹ̥쾳
ֻҪץ̥սֱ½ûк̫ʼıǮ


ڶǧһ ֮սһ
쵰
дҲû뵽̫ʼ˱գϺͼһھͺͼƴɱļƣһ֣Լ
̫ʼǱ޳ܣ
ʯ䣬һŭХ͵һƸպ̥ͷİ׽ɫӣͬһʱ䣬ԶΣͷڶ̥һȫе˵һ̥ڡ

ܹʱ֮ʽ֮࣬һ
νһʮᣬĴܴʱͨӲݲ˿ռ䣬ȴƾܵա
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬âһ̥վĵطȻһ漴ռ·ӰȻ飬ΪһƬ޵ʱպڶ
Ӵ󴿴Ļ֮£ͷµİ׽ɫӣ̫ʼʱգ̥²µʱ֮·ܵĳ谭һ㣬ʱһͣɲǵĴϢ̥֮£ܹһ
һĻ̫ʼҲ΢΢һ¡
ڳǿ֮Уֻʵ΢ģͬʱ˵Ҳġ
һ
̥ȫ£̫ʼɫ䣬Ҳûм׷ɱĿһѸͼеϡ
ˣ
ֻһգۣ̫ʼѸģʧ֮С
棬ͼͬоʲôɫĿ絶̫ʼʧɲǣһͬʧ
ôһɲǣ֮һƬž
Ȼһ̡
䣡
ھɵĵطâһֻϱۡͻȻһͬʱҵײһ𣬺¡¡ɲǼ䣬ضҡ̫Ϊģƥ̺ͬŶ쾳Ĺأͬһ㣬ɨ˷

һ󾪽ʯ䣬ĵطеؼ׵ڣȫǿֲͬҶɳȥ
ܵĻԶֹ̫Χ졢ᡢףͬ󷽵ȫ类˻У׷׺ݺݵģܿƵĵɳȥ
һЩʵֱӱʮ֮ߣӹգֱӾʧȺ󷽡
ˣ
ԶĽҲ͵۾Ŀǿ־塣
һ̣ףΪʲô֮ǰǣԶԶ˿ˡ
˽ֵǿţֵסľ˵ˡ
֮ǰΧȥֻڽʧء
䣡
̫棬һȺ׵ĽŴµİ׽ɫһɫ־壬ɡȻʱ򣬹âһ䣬ƾճ֣بЩǰֻһƣ͵շµľ
ˣ
޳裬ɫص
ǣү
ɫţæȥ
žʱղǿҵĵطޱȡ
ͼ̫ʼʵĻҪ£ս£̫ҪܲסһĶϵĴǽڴ
޽ʱЩӴķ󷨡󷨡󷨡󷨡̷󷨡֪ľ˶Ĵʦ󷨴ʦľѪʥǿĴڣ̫ǽйӹ̡
ԹǿĶ쾳Լʱշ֮ЩǽڵĺҲڲϵģԾ˵ٶѡ
ȵǽڽӽƵǿ󷨺ѵһ֮ʱҲʷµĻȨصس飬ʧ֮ʱ
̫ǿˣ
ԣ裬һգգĹעŰеˡ
аӰ֣ںͰ׽ɫʱ֮Էֳɣһһ·˰вϵĳ⻷⻷𶯣ȴǸĺ
ĽǶȥ̫ʼڵλãٳӰ
ÿһһ̫ʼ
Ⲣǵٶȿѣǡ̫ʼö򣬿ʱ֮̾ʱ֮ͨУŲתƣ봩Ч
̫ʼͬʱڶͼѹƣְĹӿ£ÿһԽɽѣ̫Ϊ⣬ͱΪƽˡ
һ࣬ͼӰ򱻱һƵİӰ֡
ĳиɴ䣬ֱֱȥÿһɽ֮ơ
һ˫ӣǷͬ㣬Ӱ޷ڣӡκ˵Ժÿˣǡ
ͼ°߾սʱ򣬶ˣ
̫ʼҴˣͼ󣡡
ڤڤУһͷԺ尵мѡ
ͼȷʵʷ󣬵̫ʼȴҲͬΪԼһ鷳
ͼˣܽκˣʥʹѺʮ꣬ûĥϹ°ӣ˵һէ̫ʼ
ǲκ˿Ƶģ
ֻǿƬ̣üͷһ
ͼ̫ʼĶ֣
̫ǰȻսüңʵϣͼһֱڱѹƵĵλ
ֻ΢һ˼⣬ףͼ츳ߣǱϾᣬ̫ʼǻǧ꣬Ĺ۶Զƿأͼ̫ʼ
ֵܹס̫ʼôãѾ൱ˡ
Уһѣ
һٻϹ̥һ˸˼սʱѸʧ˵档
ݺ̫ʼһҶ󣬵ȵͼսܣһֵˡ
䣡
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬𶯣ֻһ쾳ǿսҵʱ̫صףһ󱩺ȣһӰӵصƿն
̫ӵ£һ֣

ʯ䣬̥ͬʱֱֻ֣ͬʱϣһĹҲźƺƵȫӿ뵽ı֮С
¡
ĸ塱϶ΪһǹɽضΪ֮ɫ䡣
ң
֪صɽ緢̫ʼΪ֮ɫ䡣
ĺΪһҲ޷ӡ
̫һʽ
ڤڤУ̫ʼƤ΢һ̧һƴİ׽ɫʱ֮ƾճڵ棬Ŵӵص׳ֵϯȥ
߿Ҫ
Ȼʱ벻鷢ˣһ׼ȫӦ̫ʼͼʱһͻȻбɲǣ
쵰ͼˣ
ŭ
ԭǳŰе̫ʼȥģʱ򣬲òǱأ´£ŵ±ȥ
ôû뵽ͼͼ쵰Ȼ̫ʼԼ
ʼϲģ
Ӳ֣쵰ҿԼӦ
ͼմ
˿Ҳƣһ飬ֱջ˹е̫ʼսһ
صףɫࡣ
İͼһ°˼㣬Ȼ׼֣̫ʼԸ
Ӧ죬쵰ˡ
үô죿
ʱһϸŴУȴ˵Է糾׺޵˸˹
˶˲ᣬڽͳƴ໤£Ǿ
̫ϵشǾԲʧˣǿŸ˹


ڶǧһ ֮ս
ǣ
ͬʱҲȺеԷ糾ˡ
Ŀӹ˲ǳļˣһֻͷ˰еͼһۣйâһͻȻʲô
ȱ𼱣ʱû֮Σһţ
мҽսˣ
Ŀһתܿͼϣ˼
еսǳңޱ޾Ϊɷ籩кХתŭţէէ֣ײһʱʱ֮֯һ𣬻ΪһƬΪֲڡ׽ɫõľͷ籩
вƵשʯĮ̇סƬҲϯУͬϯķ

һ󾪽ķЩƬ׹ʱ򣬾޴ľʹЩƬͬ㣬УĹשֵס׵ըѡ
ΧĽѾ˿ԶǿһĻʱľ壬˵øԶˡ
ЩҲˡ
ʱѾ覹˼Щˡ
עȫսĵϡ
巢֣սһܵ޴ĸţ޷˵ս˵׼ʱ뵽˵ս֮С
Ϊﵽּ𣬾΢ǿ߶Ըˡ
ˣ
һ̣һԥʩչˡ֮Դǰâһ漴뵽޾硣
ǲ˵Ĺ̫֮ǿѾʼӰ磡
а
֮ԴԳֳıòֱӿǿתԼɣǴʱ˿̣롰֮Դ磬ֻһŻе·һɴһڲŶƺܵһӰ죬С
Ƕ
漰ռ䣬֮Դ޷ˡ
ৣ
û˿ԥ˫һһأһƾâ˫ʱٴ
ʵ磡
ڣʩչšʵ硱ǲ㱡Ļȥ˿ޣϸ˿ޱȣȻʱǰ
ֹˣ޾˿߷·ٲ㣬˸Ϊģ˿硣
磡
һ
˿ߣʵ޴ڵĹ֮
Կ츮ǵԼʲôڣٴſȴѾԿˡ
̫Ǭã
ڤڤУһӹԺʱôˡ
֮Իῴǰ족磬ȫΪв̫ǬĶ˫ġʵ硱ںһ𣬲Ųֽڡ֮ۡЧ
ˣ
̶ֻʱ䣬޾ĹϢģͬƮɢѩƬɢԺ֮С
ܵЩѩеϢоعڲϼ
ϧˣӦǳ׵ġ֮ۡǿҪȻϢϺܶࡣ
а
һѸա
ûǣʩչ֮۵Ŀģع򣬶Ϊ˿˵սһȳࡣ
ߣ
սңȻȥʱУ̫ʼУͻȻһһָ̣һһεڱ˲Ϣ仯ΪһƬεĻ塣
һ࣬ͼƺҲܵʲôüͷ΢壬ܵĹͬŤΪһεϣĿ⡣
Щһ̫ǿˣȻҵĿ쳣ܲ
һĻҲ΢ݡ
ͼ̫ʼǵǿߣּǿߣûϲ˿ֹ̽ˣ̫ʼϵػһּΪϤĸо
ǰɽ
ʢ磬ɽҵġʵ硯֪ұΪǷãڿ»̫ʼĽ
ϣԣԺ˲Ϣһͷ
У̫ʼͼͬʱʩչ֮е˶ʱûҰһ޷˵ս
Ƭ̣һĸоӲԶ
̥
оԴ
ھ岻Զĵط̥ͬܵӰ죬ͬգǺ岻ͬǵҰûܵӰ죬ǵˣǵУӦȻֳһֳ
΢΢֪Ƭ̣Ƕʱ¶һ˿Цݣû˿ԥ̥ġҰӲ˹
ˣ
һ̣ҰʱġۡС
Ұġ֮ۡΪƣֻǴͬķλѡҺ屾忴Ĳ̥ͬûпκεĻ߹ϡ
̫ʼͼΣûκá
ֹˣ̥Ĺ֮أԶĹ֮öࡣ
̥ۣ֮
һϲòѡ
Ϲ̥عģʱɣڹֱ֮ܵĸ֪
֮ǰʱҲԹ̥ûô
̫ǬĶ򼤷̥
΢һ˼׹
漰ʱգйĹ֮
ͱġʵ硱һõǿĹ̥֮ҲŽǱڵ
ͼ̫ʼ޷Ρ
Ϊ̥ڹ𣬱ǹһ֡
ֻǹ˽սôһϢͬٲй£ӿԺ֮Уоڶ쾳ֲ֮ࡣ
쾳漰ʱչ򣬺ƷޱȣԶҪӵö࣬ͼͻƵ쾳ʮ꣬ɻڼʱ֮Լġġ
Ȼûн쾳Ǻ죬ϷӵϢȻṩ˺ܴİ
٣Ժ쾳ʱٵ谭СϺܶࡣ
䣡
յս춯أһһıըļޱȡ
ͼ̫ʼ˶ѾԼĶ֮ʩչ˼£޾ĺɫ籩Ͱ׽ɫķ籩䣬ȫĿϾӡ
վڲԶʩչ޻֡ͬеĽʯһ㣬ĿתضſС
ֻôƬ̵ʱ䣬Ѿǳڶ쾳ʱչҲ
쾳ʦľǰһһʽĽ̵ټ̥վλõϢȫλġ
κһֶ޷ġ
ֹˣʱչ̥ڵĶҲŲֳһƵơ
̫ʼʵͼ֮ϣͼ̫ˣ㱻̫ʼѹƣҲԸԸ䣡
忴ſУ΢΢üͷ
ĽǶȿͼ̫ʼĹ£ϳһ˺ڸҲܵشȻǿգ̫ʼƴȫսȥսֹֻͣͼҲ˲ˡ
鷳ǣһͼܣҲľ֧Ҳᱻ̫ʼơ
˵ʱʱ졪
䣡
ֲͬʱ֮ײһ̫ǰֽͬƬ㱻˺ѣһɫѷ죬аԽ˼ԲߵʱͻȻ֮䣬һϤϸţȻڶ
壬𣿡


ڶǧһ ֮ս
΢ţҵսУϸȥעⲻȴǻ͵һ
£
һ͵ŤͷĿ磬ѸɨգͬʱϹ̥ҲѸѰҡ
꣬һɫʱѷУһע⵽һɫѷУһػɫ꼻һְӶš
࣡
˫üһ˳
ͼʵǿޱȣ쾳ǿѾߴһʱͨͼΪ˲ֱ࣬ӽһʱͨС
һ嶼޼ƿʩ
ͼ̫ʼս˺һһʱգҲʹͼʱͨʱر˺һǣУҲ˵õһ˿ѵõĴϢ֮
壬˵
һ࣬ĸ塱ͻȻɨգƺҲԼæ
Ҫ˵ϢǳҪ
̫ص׵ľʮʷûб٣
ʲô
Ļһ͵̧ͷ
ôܣ
һɲ𺳣и˲ɲ
ͼǻ׹Уǰ̫ӣ̫ص׵ľʮʷָƣҲ̫ʼҵԭ
̫ʼܿ͹Ӳˡ
֮ǰۿͼһȭصףƵʷ󣬼ƵСݽ磬ȻȴԼûб٣ĵһӦǾܡ
ʷûб٣ΪʲôСݽᱻƣ
ͼһȭʲô
Ҳδ̫ˣ
Ҳ֪Ϸԣǰ̫ӣ»ʣһԾŶʺ񣬾ѡ
ֻʥ侳ΪԼûзһ㣬ô֪ģ
Уͼ̫ʼսݣâһ̫ʼһȭ£ֱӽͼɰɣ޴ͼ֮Ŀ˰㱬ը񱩵ʹڡ
ͼһһֲĽѵأԲ˼ٶ̫ʼնȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ٴδУ
Ҳ֪ô£ֻҸо̫ص׵ʷƺһһӦڲ֪ô˵ҿԿ϶ʷȷʵûбƣ
ֻ˵һ룬ƺһʧ
Ļ͸һЩ
УͼУƺҲĶ
һݣܿͲͼȻĶڼսУƺ֪˵ʲô
ʷ̺
𶯣˵Ļʲô
Ȼʵ΢ֻʥ侳Ϊȴ֮ƵĻʵۣӵϱһ𣬾ͻӳ֣ͨӦص׵ʷûбƣǱȻˡ
ֹˣ˵ģҲԽͣΪʲôֻʵۣлʴܿƵص׵ʷ
ǻʵۣȻ֪ʷʵ
ͼǰ̫ӣȻҲܿƵص׵ʷ
ʷϹʱĻƵԯĪϵǻʵ̺Ҳ֮СһҲԽͣΪʲôǧһһӹֻлʵ۲ܿʷ޷
ֻͼΪʲôҪô
ңԼҲƻ˷
ɫأԺд˷˲ϢͷֻƬ̣嶸Ȼ׹
ûֻֿܣһ־ͼûлٵʷ󣬹Ҫ̫ʼҪǿ󷨱ԹԼպǻá
ڶ֣ʷǿǧĻ۸ƵǻƵѺΪһ壬汾˷ֹԷĽơߣֻʹû߹رգ޷𣡡

Х̫ǰӿ£ͷһԺм˼
ĿǰͼϾ̫ӣһΪ߰ҲһŵǧȻӦ̫ʼ;ܷڣȥ̫ʼ
ôֻʣºһֿˡ
ͼٵ󣬶ʷܱ٣ͼĽֻǽرնѡ
ʮʷôױ٣ڹȥĳǧʱô£ͱˣڡ
Ժд˷оһ˿΢Ļᡣ
ͼ̫ʼǵ۹вҪıǰս֣ͼϵõʵ۵ƣͨƣ´򿪵ص׵ľʮʷ󣡡
忴գͫһ˿ײľâ
岻ǻѪҲƻʣϲӦȻǵʢ磬ɽȡԼֵʱһ䵽Լϡ
ȻȲͼȲ࣬ڣȷʵɡ
ֻҪǴʷĹؼôֻҪԼƣԼ֮һĸٴδʷ
ֻҪõʷ֧֣ʦСݽٴǸʱһоͻȫͬ
ſе̫ʼʱ֮ǰȻͬ
Ҫ취õƣͼе࣡
ХͷҲüᶨޱȡ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬Ҳʱһƺߴ漴̫ʼͼ֮սҲ˲˱仯
䣡
𶯣ֻһ죬У̫ʼ˫ŷԣȫ׽ɫĹâ䣬״һ㣬ڼҵսУӸ£͵һȭ¡
һȭͼȫʱ֮޴谭Ю֮٣ݺݵײͼؿڡ
һ̣ͼҲֲס˷·߷ݰ׹
ã
һĻһƻϲϱ仯
ͼ̫ʼսڣʵģﵽޡ
ͼ£ƺ඼̫ʼУһֻʣһˣҲ̫ʼĶ֡
˵Ǳ̫ʼˣ
ͼԣѰ·
˵ʱʱ죬ͼӿ׹µͬʱͻȻ֮䣬һݹǵ̫ͬķͼб󷽣һӰ̣Ȱ㣬ͻȻͼ󣬲׷̫ʼӦϣһͼлȥ
츮
ͫһ˳
֮ǰս˵עͼ̫ʼ츮һֱϹۣ⣬ʱˣ嶼û̫ע
츮ȴûȫ⣬ȻѰһᣬʱ򣬳ͼ𹥻
ʱ츮ʵͼǰ΢ͼʱ˲ǳ̫ʼȫѹƺǣƵ£츮ʱѣĹġ
óѣ
ͫһ鶸Ȼޱȡ
ৣ
ڤڤУ·һ紵޵ĳ͵ķ𣬾һɲǣԼ̥˲֣ʧԭء


ڶǧһ ϶ǹ
̫ǰԣ֮УһӰ׹¡
ͼĴѾΪ⣬ΪΪӵǧʱԶʤԼ̫ʼͼһʱ֮ҲƥУֻˣҵʱչĽսҲʹͼġġܵ˼Ӱ졣
϶ǹ
ͼֻһȣһǿϢ˲ͬһʱ䣬ʱ𵴣һɫĳǹâ˸ǹһ϶ǹķ֮٣ͼȥ
ɫǹϵӴޱȣҲޱȣǹ֮и̺ŴĻ
ǹɲǣһεͼܣεĶס
һɣ
츮Ŀ֮滹
϶ǹ϶ҲԼĶʱŻ붯
ļ󣬶漰˹֮ÿʩչһΣҪһλֱ̫ĳǿߣöļһһҪ൱;Ѫƽʱ򣬶ڡ̡֮ܽС
츮ʹã
Ϊʵھˣ
ЯҪͣ΢
֮츮Ѿò붯֮ɵġ϶ǹˣ
̫ʼĳ϶ǹѻָӴ
Ϊ˷һǹ츮ȴá
һͻȻѣͼ޷ֵ
ɱ㣬ʱСҲһ·һ
츮кݺݵ
϶ǹԸģʱѾνˣͼһλƵ۹µġʥ̫ʼǰҲֻ϶ѡ
ǹ׻
оĹԼǰ̫ʼͬɽѹµĹһ̣ͼҲ΢΢ɫ
Ǹ˲ţϧҪͱԣ
̫ʼޣһ߸ϵ̬Ӷߴ
¡
ޱߣͬ㣬ӿµͬʱ⻷𵴣һ޴İ׽⻷һЩģƾճͼԣС
Ⲣǵʱ֮
ǡ֮
̫ʼרԸͬȼ쾳ǿߵʽѧ
̫ʼ֮ԸͼģʱԸͼȴǡô
족Ĵǲܸıģ
ɽѡ֮Ҳδߵʵۣ̫ʼӦͼ֧λΪµĴƻʵۣƭĶѣڸɵó˻
һˣҲΪУǲȡ
̫ʼϵޱȣУʱͼѾһˡ
ıͼҲֻһͨǿ߶ѣв
ۿͼҪ̫ʼ츮ļл֮£Ȼʱͻ𡪡
ţ
û˿ףһĸоͻȻд̫ʼƤһʶĳŸӦеķȥ
ƺǸӦ̫ʼĶһ̣һϤǳ·һ㣬ͻȻ̫ʼĶը
ߣ̫ʼһǸ߿ˣָ᲻˵ԸͼҪԼ֣
δ䣬ӰһһӰӦ˵ĵӰһ㣬ͻȻ̫ʼܵʱ̤֮Ȼԡ
ܣ
̫ʼֻǻͷһۣɲǼ𣬶ıɫ
壡
ʱ˿̣ͻȻֽⳡսģǱˣǡǡ֮ǰһֱԶս壡
ʱ̤֮ģȻĸһģһġ塱
Уַʽֵǡǡ̫ʼûϵģ
ǶݵأǷӹֻʹʲôǿٿ̫ʼǿĳȻ̫ʼ𶯵ǣ徹Ȼʱֵͨġ
̫ʼûдͨϵʱͨΧȫΣնع򣬾߽֮Ҳᱻ׵гΣһεϡ
徹ȻɹܹҲ˼Ľ뵽ʱ֮С
һ΢߿ġ
óóȻĴȥֻ·һ
ֻͬˣٲʱչ֮ˣſһ㣡
壬ôܣ
ЩͷԺзӶ̫ʼܿ˷Ӧһ죬ڶԸͼͬʱͬʱˣֻһεз̶ʱڣʮССİ׽ɫʱ֮޵УѸٳͣɱȥ
Ϊﵽ̫ʼּ𣬺ܶʱѾò̫ӵʽ򵥵һʱ֮иǽɱӴ󣬽һСʱ֮Ͳһͨ΢ǿߵȫһ˵Ǵ͵ʱ֮
ʱӴģ
Ȼ̫ʼķӦ죬ķӦ죬û̫ʼֶסԼһ̣̤ʱ֮ɲǣı塢һ̥ڶ̥ͬʱ֣ʩչﺣ֮ϻ̫Ǭʽ
ͬͬң
䣡
ʯ䣬һһͬʱ֮Уһһ³֮Уֻ֮ǰһһһֿ²ֵͬ±˴ڽӣâ
»ӰڶΪһ漴ҵرը
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬һɿֲĻ֮ɢ˲ϯ
ﺣ֮УС컯ǿУѾԽҲԽصӦ֣̫֮ʼ޷ӡ
ɲǼ䣬̫ʼһʱ֮ûгͣͱġͬͬҡ״ݻ١

һĻ̫ʼɫ΢䣬ļУӦֻҪֳһֵͿѹס塣
Ϊﵽ̫ʼּһСС΢ߣڱ
ȻһеѾԽ΢𣬼ﵽ˶쾳׵ľ磬ֲĹȻ̫ʼһֻ֣һܶԸ˵ġ
Сӣ
̫ʼɫһ䣬üӹһ˿ŭɫ
ȫԸͼڴʱְͼܲŭ
¡¡
̫ʼһһɸǿڱŷһԸͼԸ塣
ֻʢŭ֮е̫ʼǵ͹
һ۷״̬̫ʼԵֿģһԴһʼûƾ衰ͬͬҡͿ׻̫ʼ
屾͵һڶ̥ϹΪ̥·ѡ
磡
ʯ䣬һӰͻȻ屾֮Ծͬһʱ䣬һɱտɫâڱϯ˷֮¿񽵣ĵ̥ڽⴴĻᣬԼ츳ͨ
ֻһԵ̥ΪģΧ˲仯Ϊһ˪ѩı硣
ֻ֮ǰ̫ͬΧȻ轵ǺһȴΧʮɵķΧ֮ڡ
˲Ϣ䣬ر⣬ڱķΧ֮ڣеһж񲻶ʱ䶼·𱻶ֹͣˡ
̫ʼͼӿĶ쾳Χֵʱ֮ᶨա


ڶǧһ ʱͭ
ġ硱ǿޱȣ츳ͨѾ漰ع򣬳Խ˷׵롣
ﺣ֮ϣԶס̫ǬһԶס̫ʼ
ֻ֪̫Ǭ̫ͬʼ۷״̬ûˣԼ硱ֻҪۿۣһϵʱ䡣
ûᣡ
һҪʥԼǵӽ侳ǿ󹥻
ҪԸ̫ʼΨһĻᡣ
꣡
Ȼʱ򣬾塰硱룬һ΢ĴȻУͬһʱ䣬һģ·ǴӵȻ
Сӣ㲻ΪܶԸҰɣ
Ȼֵӵֶң
ҧгݣ͸һɼȵ
һ𣬶̧ͷȥֻ硱룬̫ʼǰߵĵطһöϵͭ鲼صĻƣڿС
ͭУоһǿҵĹ򲨶
Ҫǣ治֪ʲôĹͭͻȻһǿķ֣·һ㣬̫ʼУͬʱ塰硱ȫֵ
ֵıѱġ硱һĺ̫ʼУȴûܵ˿ơ
ৣ
һĻһ˲ˮס
ֱ仯û뵽ġ
硱סԷһʥµɱﵱ̫ʼܹҲûκεơ
ȻҾͳȫ㣡
һɲ̫ʼӸ£ϵİɫ߶ƺΪȵķŭŤ
䣡
̫ʼǰͭһűһɱ֮ǰǿᣬԵ·кբ֮ˮһб֮ٳͷ
ã
һݣ˲任λãһ̥ǰϸǲӲɫ֮ףһͬʱٻǾսף˵һ̥棬ĸ塱ͬʱٻڵʮ죬Ϊһ壬ע˵һ̥ڡ
һ̥Ѫ֮幹죬ףټתⲿʮ죬ЩͬУĿǰǿķֶΡ
۷Щٴﵽ˶쾳׵ĲΡ
Щ̫֮ʼֲĹҲŽˡ

ŽҽУһ춯صıըУıϹ̥ͬʱͭбŷݺݵ䵽ϣ̫ӲİʯҳһӶѺڵ漱졣
ܵӰԶֹ壬Զͼͬܵ˲ֻ䲻Ĺվá
䣡
ʯ䣬һڵʱ֮ƾճͼڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣ츮ġ϶ǹ
϶ǹǹֲ̺ǹռ·ʵĵһ㣬ѷ죬վͻƲͼʱ֮

ֻͼһƣһӴת۾ͽ츮ɳȥص˦̫ǽϡ
ͬʱУ̫ʼĹ
ХͼֻƬ̣ͬͭпֲ䣬ݺݵڵϣֻ岻ͬͼĴҪõö࣬ԶûôǱ
ȻƳҵʱͭ
У̫ʼŭϷ
ʱͭʹ͸ıܹǿ̫ʼʱ֮ҲܹǿΪԭֻʹΡ
˵ʱͭ򲻵ѣԲʩչ
λᣬ൱һʩչϣͭͻ᳹׷顣
̫ʼϴʩչʢ磬Ϊ̫ʲôֶΣֱ׷ɱʩչͭ
һΣı磬ȻӲƳͭı
Ѿǡʱͭڶʩչˡ
ȻˣҾɱǣʱץȡǵ꣬ȡǵļ䣬ɿҵԿ׵䣡
̫ʼ¡¡ףؼ졣
飡
̫ʼָһʱͭ룬һöڽɫĽͭͻȻƿնͭӭѸٻΪȭͷСһϡϸСķͭɳѸͼͷֻһ˲ͽԭء

ͷϿշ·һС̫ġʱͭͼرɫ
֮䣬һЩǳı̺ŷǳǿĹ֮֮Ϊ
֡ÿһӵмǿãԼǳص
΢ϵǿ˵ֹǿļƷ
̫ʼöͭһġȣҪӵǿΪһö̺ʱ֮ģġʱ
̫ʼͭɲǣͼֻΧʱͻȻüӲ޷֮ǰж磬ͼ޷شһʱͨ
ֹˣö̺ͭĿռ֮ͬʱڸڵĶģԼڵĶ쾳
ͭŷε֮ԼϷֱӾͽ˺Сһ֮ڣá
һ˲䣬ͼĵһоһǿҵΣա
̫ʼͼҲʾ䡣
𷨱֮ĶͼΪ۹̫ӣӵ£Ҳ޷ͺ֯Ტۡ
ʱ
¡¡
ؼ״̫ʼգеġʱֻͭһףɲǼ䣬ԭֻаƴСͭѸţգۼͰٱΪһɽ޴ͭͼ·
꣬硢桢籩ͬʱͭϣͭת·
һɲǣԲڣʱֱӱһεʱչɵľ޴ͬһ㣬ʱ룬ΧΪһƬ֮ء
̫ʼû˿ʩչʱ֮
ֹˣֱͭͼͬǧɽͭ£ʼαӣ˼ѹȥ

ХӴֱϢ
ͣ
վڵϣǿֲѹ£˫ֱӲ뵽˼ӲİذУ棬Ѫţһ㣬Ť䶯
Ȼһգ۵ʱ䶼ֱۡȡ󱳣ƤѣѪ
ǿȣȻҲֵסʱͭǿµѹ

ʱͭ÷ΧıԵһһ߲Ӵ̫ͬʼҵزƺҲܲסɿֲѹİʯһбѷ죬ʯм㽦俪
һɲǣɫޱ䡣
֪̫ʼּǿ߶ٻһЩɱﵣôҲû뵽ͭȻǿ
һ̣Ϲ̥ڣȫͬ˶һ㣬ܡ
峢ԹĶȫֿ治ܵѹȻڵҲȫѹģ̵֭ͬһ㡣
䣡
һо޴ͭٴһȦҲϵ׹ȥžһı廹վţʵ͵ĵڶ̥͵ֱ̥ӱһĪѹùڵϣضҵ¡


ڶǧһһʮ ת
£򿪴󣡡
еͨ죬ҧݣ֧֡
ϷѹԽԽ󣬾ͺһ㣬쾳ǿߵʵʱ׵ֳ̫Ǭ˳ɵĶģѾ޵ؽӽ쾳Ǻ̫ʼĶǿ֮仹ž޴ġԽĺ蹵
Ѿ֧Ų˶ˡ
У̫ʼվھ޴ʱͭϷȫ߶µķͻȻ֮ҲƤһزһֲĸо
ʲôСӣ˵ʲô
̫ʼüͷһͻȻ
ȻȴûĿһתԶͬž޴ѹķ̫ͼ
ʱ䲻ˣȵʱͭ˶ֻ·һ
Ȼһ࣬ͼɫԥû壬ƺ˼ʲô
£㻹ڵʲô
ٲ֣Ƕ

ͼû˵Щ粻
ոһƴҪǰԸ̫ʼ壬ų˴ӲֵĻҪǰ˵ȥԴ
һĻڳ˶סˣΧƣͼԷ糾׺ݵҲɫһ˭Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ʱ˿̣𶯵ĻǱͼһʱͨеࡣ
ͼסҲͬˡ
ʲô
оɲ
ڵĴҲ䲻ͭ£һ·һ
ʱĻ塣
̫صףʷڵϢͨӦҸġ
ʲô˼
ѵͼæ򿪴
ѵˣص׵ʷ˭رյģ
ΪͼǸ뵽Σվأ
׼֮Ȼʣò֮
˸ţܺǺ
У̫ʼһֱڹע˵Ķٴͼ֮ƺĳĬʱɫһмٵ˼š

ʹʲô
ʲô󷨣ѵܾȵǣ
ʱͭסܣֱǿЦ
һ̣ڤڤһͷӹԺ̫ʼһһ±ɫ
ѵ
ʹڣȻǧܹʱͼģֻһԼǾζš
̫ʼû룬һΣоһĲ;塣
ҹζ࣬ͼڼƻʲôֻиɵǲյġ
ʱŲƣػۣ
̫ʼһͻȻ֮ͬʱָ⣬ֱӱƳһνɫľѪ·޴ʱͭϡ
õξѪеġʱͭʱǣͭҵĲԲǧڿɽХһ㣬һ̣֮ͭǰٶȳͼѹȥ
һ£ͼӵн֮壬ҲӲ촷۵³
帹ļ塣
ͼ̫߰ˣִ֣߰ΣͷڼԼĸ߰
ûϺ͸߰Եģ
ȻЩͼ϶ȥģҲԥڻûжִ򿪴ֻ
£ԥʲôʴ󣡡
ʥʶκβ˵£ѵʥʶ̫ʼУһ쾳С𣿡
ؼ役̫졣
һɲⷬͼһһѲĹâȻ̧ͷ
Ȼһ仰ڷã
ֻһ˲ͼеĳɡԥѸʧȡ֮ģǰδеִš

ɲһ̫ʼУô£
ֱ˳Ц
УʼգĵֻһѾȥ̫ң
̫Ҹǿ
̫ҷֶһֻϣԼܣ
Ҫ֤̫Ҹǿ
Сӣֻǿ쵰ɲΪ˰㣡
ͼڿڵ
˵ĸоһ㣬еһŹ¸ɰأͶָ߰
δ䣬ͼĿһ˲֡
䣡
ǿͷʱͭĿֲѹͼϺڹһָȻסöƣǼ䣬һۻı쳹أ
ҿ
ʯ䣬ھ޴ʱͭµɲǣͼȫע֮Уͬʱȫ͵һȭصغµĵϡ
꣬޴Ŀ쳹أͼһȭֱӴ򴩵صףû뵽˴ٴӵ˵ص϶ǿġʮʷ󡱣
¡¡
ŵصһɽХϢǿֲģ·һ㣬籡̫ʼ˲ɫ
ͼң
쵰㾹ƭǣ
̫ʼ츮ŭͬʱؼ졣
ʮʷ
˶ϵģ񻰴˵ǿϢϤˣǿֲѣҰĳֹɣ̫˷ӿ
ʮʷ󡱱ٴλѣͬһʱ䣬һ̱ķҲ֮ˡ
ġСݽ硱
ܣ
̫ʼޱȣʵ̫ϤˣϤ̲סеĲ
ԭһֱϷ磬ֻһ˲Ϳȡͼһ̣ϤϢ̫ʼĹסˣ
ৣ
âһ̫ʼûжԶ츮ȴǶˡ
ʱ̫ʼԥڳɣоһֻɱͼ츮ȴǼһȥ
䣬츮ֱ֮һİɫ˿պۡ
̫ʼûй츮ĿйâĪ⣬ܿ죬ʲôҧҧʹʱͭ
ʤǰôŹѻ᣿
ʷδȫֻҪɱ壬ɱͼʤջԼ
䣡
Уʱͭâǣͬһ޴ḥ̂ͼѹ
̫ʼԥȴһжѾˡ
һ࣬ϸɵѹѾﵽޣҪ̫ʼʱͭѹ֮ʡ
ˣ
غʦ𶯣һεĿ̫Ϊģ޸Զ˷
̫ǰ̫ʼݺѹڵص壬·һôʱ䣬ڣžʮʷĿСݽϤϢٴγĸ֪֮С
ɹˣ
һĿѩ
ֻһ˲ĸ֪ٴκСݽһ޴ڵӴҲͬʱĿ֮С
̫ʼڵˣ
˷ܵ·գʹڻ졣
䣡
ûʩչκεʽֻһȭ򵥵Ȼһ̣غȴкӵص׳

ͻȻһҽԶԶԭѾܳԶ츮һɽХĿֱֲӻС
ǹӴޱȣѾԶԶ΢ļ
츮ԶûһͱУͬһֻصһ㣬ҷ


ڶǧһһʮһ ̫ʼ֣֮
̫Ͽգֻһ޴ĽͷһֱͼͷӵĪġʱͭҲ飬ķѡ
һ̣ͷвҲΡ
ͭͬʱȴҲ̫ʼСݽһ
ôܣ
ʱͭɲǣ̫ʼɫ䣬һĿ־С
һж̫ˣ
ҲûСݽĹȻá족ʹ͵ʱֵͭסֱѣ
һ̣̫ʼڲ⡣
ಣһΣԶɶݶȥٶ籼׳۵磬Զ츮֮ϡ
ֻǣСݽֵһɲռѾע̫ʼ޷ʩչʱ֮ˡ
̫ʼӲˣ
ؼ졣
屾Ѿ׼ˣʥԸ̫ʼʱ˿̣ЩѾûбҪˡ
ӡСݽ硱һ̫ʼѾ൱񣬳㣬Ӳȥˡ

ʯ䣬ָſԶӵ̫ʼңңһģһ̣Сݽ硱ŷյ̫ʼȥ
ǹѾԶԶԽ˶쾳̫ʼľǿҲɺȻʧɫ
ã
У̫ʼ𣬵һִͷҪֵ֮ĸо
ʱ֮Ѿȫᣬ޷ʩչǹɴŷĿֲ̫ʼԿͷ޷
ǲֹʷǧ۵̫ǰע߶ѻһ𣬸Եֿġ
ۿȵĹâ籼׳磬׷һ̣̫ʼԥ͵
Ħ춴󹂣
ǻ̼ͬըؼ𵴡
¡¡
ֻһ˲䣬̫ʼͱ·󷨵Уҵرը
Ǿҵıը֮УһڽɫĹâͻȻ֮䱬һ쳤ᴩգһٴ͸ˡСݽ硱ʧ
ֻһգۣ̫ʼϢ㳹׵ʧ˵ĸ֪֮С
ͻ嶼أӦ˵޷أ
ϣͼվþ˵
ϧȻܵˡ
Ȼ̫Ǭһ̫ʼҲĳĽƣ
尵вϧ
ﺣ֮ϣ̫ǬʩչĳּǿԱƣ̫ʼȻҲֶֻ̫Ǭ̫ͬʼϵĽܵĶѡ
ؼž
̫ʼըͿˡ
⣬ô£
һ۷׷ףʵǿ죬ԼȺеĻХˣ˲ɫ
̫ʼǿǰͻХһ˿Կ֮ģΪ֪̫ʼɱǣԱһֻϻɡ
ڣ̫ʼˣ
ɱ̫ʼĲǱˣǡǡɵ塣
ߣ
Ƥ˻һãȻʱŤͷһݣ䣬Ծ˵ٶȳŹȥ
ԣڲߣ߲ˡ
䣡
һȺڽ赲ǰ͵һĳһ·
ͬʱ׺ͶҲо²һȣڷȥ
ƴȫͷҲأٶޱȡ
Щһˣ
ҿܣ

ȻŪʲô״ǿΪ׵ķ˷׷ܣҲĻ̻̣岻ѣȥ
վ̫ǰ߸ߵĮ̇ϣһĻûгء
׺ݣԷ糾£ǣ
帺ֶ
飡
һ̤ڵĴؿռ䣬͸صףһΪѸٺ뵽׺ݣԷ糾µڡ
ɹӵмǿ˹ЧҲԻڵõĴİ˵ž죬ǽڲڵҲۿɼٶѸٻָ
ֹˣΪĹԶ֮ϣ˵ͬʱҲѸٲ˵Ĺ
ߣ
ܵڲı仯˾񣬴һӣԵĽŷܵķ׷ȥ
̫Ǳߣڣܳ©
ֻˣƶΡ
ϵĽŲУĽϼƬޱȡ
Χֺͻȣʱ̫ǰԽ

ӿ˵裬ʯɵĵϣͼԣ˭Ҳû˵
츮У̫ʼ˶ӣڳֻʣͼˡ
ൽڶͼС
л£
ͻȻ䣬ͼһ
ԶһĻһɫ㵡
лʲô
ͼйâһɫȴһǧ֮ӡ
ֻǵȻһЦͼ䵭̬ȣ
лһ֮Ҫл飡
ʲô˼
ͼͫһԽ䡣
Ǻǣ´γȻ˰׺ݣԷ糾ˣȴû֣Ե¶쾳ΪҪƣʥʵĻҪɱӦ練ưɣ
һ΢Ц
֮ǰע⵽׺ݵϵȻƼأûҪҲôκǵƵԭڡ
ͼ˵ôбЩ˲ܻš
ֻãӹһٰˡ
ͼΪɫ
Ǻǣ˵ǣǾǰɣֻ֪뱨ʹֻѾѪɺˣ
忪ڵ
ͼԣһ˿
̫ʼ֣ײޱȣС
ֻȼΣǧˡ
Աȣͼ־ǡᡱˡ
ҵȻһֱҪȻʺͱ¸𣬵ǵһֱڶûжԱ¶񣬷ں̫ʼսаٰ㱣ȻҲ˵Ϊ˲̫ʼ֣һô𣿡
ŶͼЦ
Сݽ硱ʥרԺ֯󷨣ǿ󣬾̫ʼֶĶ쾳ǿ߶Ƕ֣Ƕͼߣȴûκá
ûССݽ硱æƾһҪԸͼѹء
ˣʱ˿̣巴һ㶼ż
棬ͼüͷһԲ
СӣҪΪôֺñãʲôûдӦ㣡
ãͼ
£ڵĴ¾ɽ֮䣬⻼Ƶ֮ʣδиΣ٣ڵĴζ𶯵Ȼᣬȴ֮࣬Ĳȣվġ
ҲڻʵҲ£˵ι֮ţŵҲһ㡣
ɫҲԽ֣ˣ
ΣϣԴΪأŹ¡
ӿһ֮ӹ
ΧһƬž
Χĵطһ˵ˣɫŲѡ
飡
һӿû˷Ӧͼǰߵĵطһڵʱ֮ƾճ֣ѸС󣬶ʱ֮УһϤģ۵ӰͻȻ˵Ұ֮С
£
ǵӰ˷׷׵ͺ嶼¶һ˿ŵɫ
꣡
ֻͼָһţ˲ٴĲ


ڶǧһһʮ ʥʵĶԼ
£
Ҫʲô
ſ£

һĻһ׷ŭٴαýš
£
һЩҪһ죬æֹǡ
ʱɫҲޱȣͼ仯˭Ҳ޷µҪʲôһʲôأ롣
£֪㲻ֲ˴ֵˣηŻر£
һɫ
Ϲ̥رǵ̥տɫıâѾٴζá硱׼
һסͼͻʥµǵͼࡣ
ֻھͼУͼֶ쾳ǿߣҲûаտ˳ࡣ
ʧܵĺκ˶еġ
棬ͼͺûĻһ
Ŀϸشе࣬ǵĿ⣬·͸อ
Сӣֻ֪֪ҪһͷǧҲɱһֻһ׵ɱ㣡
ͼ
գеѨסãɫݣη塣
֪
ͬͼӳ
һ֮ʲô޶㡣
붯ֵĻ͸Ͻְɣ
Ȼʴȣ½֪ڮȻʣ޾̰֮£ҽɽҲǿ⽻֮޾Ҳλ㣬иȱ޶֮С
˵һ䣬ͬŭͼ
ʵѺͼս
쵰Լʲôˣ
˵飬ʲôʸƻʵۣ
˵Ȼʶ˲
ǽǶȻ裡
ǰ·һֻŭĹ࣬ͼٴһüͷһ˫ֱӿ۾
Ҳ˿á
ڣͼ鶯һ¡

ͼһ̾ͷԭ¶һ˿Եɫįдۺǰܣ
벻һΣˡ
̫ңӮˣ
һ䣬ͼһɣڷſ࣬ӿʱƿշɳͼ˳ȥ

˫صͬʱȫѨҲ˲⿪һɲǣԼҲסˡ
ͼȻͷͼԡײСʵѾ˱׼ôû뵽ڿҪλָ֮佫ȫͼȻʱ׵طŹ
ܿϾȥ˼ЩˣһƿӶдһڴʱ׷״ԶӶޱȣ
£

һ࣬Ҳһ
Ȼһֱ˵ͼ֣ɱ⣬Ͼֻĸоֱһ̣ԭ񾭲
ܿ죬Ƥ΢ע⵽ͼ˵Ƿ
̫ңӮˡͼ˵⻰ʱ鸴ӣȻй¡
⵽ô£
ѵʥʺͼ֮䣬ʲôԼ֪飿
ͷӹԺԽԽúпܡ
ʥʺͼ궼Ǳ˴Ķ֡
ͼʥӦòǰһУҲڡ
ʥ֪ԼӣȻѹƲסͼôܲͼƵİţ
֮䣬ܿйһĻ棬¹ĳֶԼ
Ȼ޷ͣͼԸΪʲôദ֣
һ࣬ͼȴû壬Ŀһ¡
ڤڤУһ渡Ժ֮С
֮Уҡҷ
ͼڶǵãǸ˲԰ɫ̤ʱе𶯡
ûǸнķ·֮һ㣬ʵ˿֮µ޵УȻҲһ档
ͼ޵ʱղˣ֪һ򲻷ޣ޸һսʤҵĻᡭ
Ǹ˵ڵл죬һ𵴵ͼ
ȥ֮δ㣬ʱ֮գû޵ƺ⣬Ƶ۹Ķ֡
֪һֱ㵱һУֻһߣܹյʤҲ֪һֱΪǱ޸õĴƼ̳ߺͳߡ
޸ᣬҲɱ㣬ȵֱ֮ȥѡļߣԼǿʺƵͳߣԷϵĵλȡ֮ǣҪ㳹״ͷ֮󣬴Զػƣ
֮ĶԼҲΪ֮ĶԹ׻һţ

ûһҲˣ
̫µļ߻ᣬҲû̫ǰ㾪ž޵书ʵ䲻̫ݣȷȷʵʵһϸĴƻʵۣ
УԼиӵķʢ
Ҫλϵ
ˣ
ͼ̾һһĿٲͣ˵ĿУתȥ
һ̣Ӱ˵į
Сӣ
ںɲǣͼͻȻͣ½Ų漴һļһ£
̫ûп㣡
һȣʶؿͼȻûӦ
飡
ͼϵͻȻһһӴ̺ǿĹ֮뵽ڣһ˲䣬ɢģĶʱ·ܵĳǿҵĴ̼Ұĳֹɳ
ֻˣĶԭȫ̫ǬԳϵͼһ֮оĶ֮佨ĳϵ
ͺһڸɺԵĳͨͨԶĺһ㣬ͻȻ֮˻ˮ֮Դ
弴ʲôڵĶҲԷزϴ֮ȡɳ
ǰ
һ㷴ӦʱҲ׹ͼڰԶĸ
ৣ
Ȼ˵ͼϵָջأһݣѾεضԾգԶȥ
ԶԶ
Ҽ£͵ҾһٱСɣ
ƾͽˣҪʧҲҪ̫ҵ
δ䣬ͼӰѻΪһϸСĺڵ㣬ʧԶ֮С
̫ǰͼĻɫ㵲ѡ
ǰҪȥ
ʶģתͼʧķ󺰵
ҵȥѾʺˡ
ͼ˵仰ϢʧĸӦ֮С
һɲǣԶɫ꣬пѡ
ͼҲһֻۣϧʱǡ
ЩͷԺзӶܿعŲԶȥ
սѾ粨ȴԶûֹͣҪ

ʱ仺ȥͼ뿪Լĳʦܿƽͬʱһط
ݣ
ۿʱһڽɫķͬ㣬ʱзٴ


ڶǧһһʮ ֲ̫أ
ռṹʱǼʧڽɫĺȴƺܵĳǣ㣬ʱĳطӶȥ
֪˶ãࣣһ죬ǵڽɫĺڴʱ뵽һĿռУâһû뵽˿ռһ͸С
ۣ
ֻһУһɫĹâ𣬽ԭڰĿռ䡣
ĹâԿڰлֵĹְĹӰ
̫ʼ𣿡
ֻһɲǣַ·ͣһĵޱȣͻȻռ
벻ǧ꣬ͳô飬̫ǬŸո䣬Ȼͽų
ߣ̫أ𣿡
ΧһƬžǺܿ죬ռУտɫĹ˸̫ʼϤռ죬͸һ˿˵պޡ
ǵʱճڽɫ⣬Ȼߵ̫ʼ
֪Ϊʲô겢û𣬶Ǹǵ뵽صĿռ䡣
̫ʼˣҲ˼ܸ˭˵ز˵궼𡣡
̫Ѿ䣬ʵ벻ֱ̫ݣʲôܹв㡣
ĵģ޵ռıԵһɫĹâǵ㣬ͬө㣬ͻȻ֡
ʱ˿̣ڿԿ̫ʼ⴦ռ䣬ȻһҶĵط
ӦóΪҶΪɲǣ⴦ҶĶڣȻ䶯ϸȥͻᷢЩұںȻһѪ⡣
Ѫ⼷ѹЩ֣ٿһ㣬ͻᷢЩѪı滹ŴִѪܺ;磬ֻǺѪⲻͬЩѪⶼտɫ
ռ룬̫ʼۼǴεС
ոʧȥ̫ʼгŭͱ꣬Ǵʱ̫صĻ̫ʼȴһ仰˵
ֱ̫족ǿһ֣ȻһֻʮУֻ˵óڡ
ǣǱͼһġ
ϸ룬ͣƭʳС
ˣ졯ⲻǽ̫Ǭ齻㴦ôˣ
̫ʼתƻʵ
ʮֱ̫У̫صǳ⣬Ĵ״̬κ˶ͬͬ֯ڣҲǳ⡣
Ϣ̽Ҳ֮һ
Χǲ񲻶䶯ľ޴Ѫұڣâ˸̫صдûô࣬Ҳ͸һ˿˼
Ѿ̽ˣ̫ǬѾ׻һ˿Ƭڣ
⣬ʹʱղҲﺣ˺ܴĸţܶϢƻһǴѰһЩϢս֮ǰһЩ顣
̫ǬԪһģһǳ࣬˵ʣΪϸܵ˹֮ζƺĳ˵ķ
Ǳ£̫ǬʱմϾʱ򣬽ռ뵽Уǿұը̫Ǭ
ֻ鵽һóݵأһóıϵΪʱձը̫ǿ󣬲ϢȫƻѾ޷ʱ֡

ˣ
̫ʼֻΪתƻ⣬󼸾䣬궼͵һ£¶һ˿𾪣
˵ʲôʲôӣҿ
Χ޴ѪұУ̫صʶ΢΢һ£ƺ̫ʼķӦЩ⣬Ǻܿ죬̫ؾ˷Ӧ
УһտɫĹâۣͬͶӰ㣬ڿռ룬Ķ棬۳𵭵ɫӰ
ֻһۣ̫ʼͫһһķŭб
쵰
һ˲䣬̫ʼ궼ŭ
壡
̫ʼôû뵽̫صǸ̫ǬˣȻڴƾʦٵ壬˵֮ӣ
һҪɱ㣡
һɲǣ̫ʼ궼ΪȷŭҲ
λ֯ڲ߸ϣֱ̫ǿߣȻͬһУֱһʷǰĳ衣
̫ʼٸŭʱΧǲĵɫѪұͬ
ʶ
ܿ죬ڷŭУ̫ʼһԼ²ⶼȫ˵̫ʼĻ̫صܿ˷̫ʼҪ𺳣
ɱ̫ǬͰ˾Ȼͬһˣ
ﺣ֮ϣ̫Ǭĵʱ˽֣ΪֳЩټƵıսʿҲȫս⣬һټʱ֮ң̫ؼûеõ̫ЧϢ
ֵķΪƾ̫ôû뵽Ȼڸոʧȥ̫ʼϵõ𰸡
λֱ̫ľǿߣΪͬһֱ˼飡
̫أϿƣ滻һһҪɱǸ쵰
̫ʼŭռ
̫ʼִʱĹϴ˵ֻҪ껹ûл𣬾Զ
ֵ̫⴦ռ䣬ǡǡǸĹؼ
ÿһֱ̫֮ǿߣ궼뵽̫ص֮һϵиӵĸʽ
飬أֻҪ̫Զа취
˵ʮֱ̫У̫صҪã֯ڵĻʯҲ̫ʼ˸ԳΪĻʯ
Ϊ˻䣬ȴԶ
ţ
̫غռڻ죺
ЩأƵĹ̿Щʹ࣬⣬µ֮ϻҪһʱ䣬׼ƹ̲һ£
䣡
̫ص䣬غԭ谵ĿռУ̫ʼصķΧһӴտɫϷͻȻ֣һȦһȦͬư㣬ӵ̫ʼشꡣ
ڷͬʱһϵһΪ֮ɫǿӿŷһȦȦƣбӿȻݺݳ̫ʼС

ֻһ˲䣬̫ʼȻһ˺ѵأʹĺУƺ̫ʼ϶ǿĴڶ޷ǿʹ
ҵʹҲ̫ʼԽӷߺޡ
쵰ɱ㣬һҪɱ㣡
̫أ֪̫ͨϺ̫߶󣬼ӿ캮Ҫ⣬ٵƣ
̫ʼԹ޵쳹ء
صģ졯ѾǼӿж߶ƻ
̫侲ͻȻ˷
̫ʼ֮º󣬶İʱȥ
ռܿ찲ֻӴķͬѪұڹâ䣬ϵɢһҫ۵Ĺâ
ͬʱҰԶѪұڣһֱ޾ĸߴ

ͻȻ֮䣬һ˵ӿͻȻС
ϸȥȻһڰУΧ޾ˮںˮ·һͷ޴ģЩˮĸȴżӲǣ֣ǣԼëȻĿֲףȻһֻϺޡ
̫ʼǴؿռ䣬ȻͷϺ޵ڡ


ڶǧһһʮ ݾŶ
ʱ˿̣ڴˣ¶е𾪲ѡ
Ŀһֱ۽½ϣû֯ȻѾ뵽޾С
޷뵽ĵط

һͷԶĽӸιͷϺ޵ǰͷҲСޱȣͬվھǰϰ㡣
ܾо޴ĺޣţæԶӶݶȥ
ǻûӳԶͷ·ܵĳʴڱŷһҫĿ⣬漴ӴѪ֮ѸڣΪһѪˮֻһɭɭĹ׹뺣ס
ǵҫѪˮڵѪԪû뵽ͷӴĺڡ
ڰˮУ޴ǵҫеܿ趯ŸĴ֣źĸǱȥֻһգ۾ʧӰ١

ʱ仺ȥ̫ʼ֮صʱңԶıӶ޾ıɭֵش
Ƭѩ⣬ľľݡҰˡҰ¹ܡһжǰһ˲ԭʼ״̬ͷ·ʱ侲ֹһжᶨһ㡣
һЩһֱ޾ĸо
ѩջƮ䣬ȻѾܾˡ
ںܾ֮ǰƬѻΪûκ
ΨһֵҵǣɺȻ£ȴûŵļҲʹ½ϵѵõһ˿Ϣ֮

ͻȻ֮䣬û˿ףһ紵ɭһſűģѾֹܾõĴͻȻѩƮΪѩ̫࣬γһƬΧѩ
ĳźţһ̣ԭͻȻǿصŶѸǿΪһֲĿ磬ϯأɱϣӿ
꣬ɭֺ󷽣һľ۶ϵĴ첻ϴܼ꣬ԶԶȥɭ֪ٴѹı仯ں󷽡
ڱĸһƬɫıѩ籩أһֺ˵ƴӱɭֵĺӿ
¡¡
غڤڤУͷ·ʮƵĴϷװĴҲ֮Ҳ
ã
ˣøϽ㱨
ͬʱ뼫ԶĵطһӺĴɫתͷһѸٳϷɳ۶ȥ
ǵصıѩ籩Ҳ׷ٶԽˡ

ᱱĶ
ʱ˿̣ڴĳɽ֮УһʱõжʱҲ˽չ
𣡡
޴ķ쳹أ漴ʯӵص׳ո£ͻᷢ⴦ԭʽȺɽ֮У֪ʱһ޴Ӷ
Ӷǧ֮ޣڿӶ֮Уһֻȫëףа֮ߵĽվԳڻһľʹھ
ʯӲȴҲסվԳֲϵı顢ڿȻ׵Ӷ֮⡣
ڿӶΧѾۼ˴ĵصʯÿһ鶼һ˶ߣ˶ޱȡ
ϣ
֪˶ãصĽһײĺͻȻӵص״
ҵˣ
һϲٴβ޴ĽվԳݺһŵȥ
䣡
һ춯صľ죬ڿӶصףһͭĹǰһ޴ͭ
𣡡
һӴĽվԳͻȻֻë׵ץסͭһ꣬һʯѵ޴ͭվԳһѴӵص˳
ͭͬʱֻһĳֳѾõĽͬʱһӴɫʣ·ɽХ緢
ǹɰǿޱȣ㽫վԳ˫ϣվԳƾӲסѹɱͭӴķ֮ģˤڵء
ֹˣͭһɾ޴֮ͬʱͭʵתȻΪһ޴Σƶһܣھг𣬻Ϊһֱʡ
¡¡
һɲϷƶɨһգԲڣȺɽ𶯣貵Ĺ˵ע⡣
ݾŶ
ؼԼַͭǱѰĳϲޱȡ
ʱ䣬ƾվԳԼǰĩ䣬塱ڳݾŶ
ˣ
֪˶ãͭҫ۵ĹâɢȥıҲƽȣ塱ϸڿݾŶĿ
һۣ塱Ǵ󶦱ǹӡƾã·Խ޾ʱĲΰ·
ڴʱûִ󶦵ϰߣ·ķҲȫͬ
һ·£ϸȥ塱ܿע⵽˴󶦶һƵľƬǡצһж˺֣
£ݣ
󶦱ϵİ˸׭֡
УϹŴϵİ˸׭Ϲ֭ͭעСǼ̺⾳
ֹˣܸо˸׭̺һǿҵķ󲨶Ȼ̺һǿĽơ
ݾŶصĵط˾ļ㣬ȫǹ۵ŦҾǧĻۣнԶԶʱˮƽ
ϣܹЩЧ
а
¡¡
ͻȻ֮䣬ضҡվԳµĵ·װҵһ޴Ŀϴӵص
꣬ڡ塱Уһ޴ĵطͻȻѿԼķѸӡ

ԺѸһͷɫȻࡣ
УһڳݾŶڳκһ޴ĵʱ䶯
û뵽Ȼġ
䣡
վԳ翸޶ѸһԾԶݶȥ
󣬴صĺԽԽֻ˲Ϣ䣬ѷ㣬Ծ˵ٶ˷ӷ䡣
һ̣ھҲ
ֻʱѾ˲ôˣŽվԳڳľ޶ѸʧԶ

ˣ
ͬʱңԶľʦУ΢ڽվԳɹݾŶ֮󣬶ۣӽվԳջ

󶦵֣峤һҲࡣ
ôڳ󶦣Ըߵ飬Ҳ˽չ
𣿡
Ŀһת⣬ͻȻ
үѾˣڵҵţ
һͻȻӵ
˵ͷһһɢӰ㣬Ѹٳ£ʧ
£ѱ죬һ¿ռ䣬ұ֮رϵӴ󡣶ھͼ˵ĸ죬˴ǿ֮󣬱µһؽأԿ
âһܿڵС
ڵһǰһӰݣƽ£ӣƺĬĬȴʲôо¶΢Ťͷ


ڶǧһһʮ 컯ӣ
ү
壬ԭ滺࣬һ
µôˣ
ɫƽڵ
үѾ˵ҩеĹҲһֱϱ£Ѿްˡ
ҵͷһ𾴵
ǰ¼౻ʱڵķ̫ͼܣȻͼѾάȫλⶴ쾳ǿڸٻܵһЩˡ
ȻأС£еնܽš
š
˵ͷûٶ˵
һ¼ʹĽƺͷҲʾ˺ܶ⣬ʮԵֵЩͨǿߣ̫ʼһЩǿߣ©ٳԻȫ
Ϊ˱࣬ѾɳԼĵڶ̥פУ࣬ټ־ʦСݽ磬ԼдСС󷨺ͽƣٶ쾳µѾ޷вˡ
ټıԲӦҲԶһʱӦûˡ
˶𣿡
忪ڵ
үͱµһʮȫڴˡ
Ȼֲ࣬ȫҳϿ֮
ҵͷ
˵ͷûж˵ܿƿӣ󷽡
ں󷽵ľ޴ռ֮УһһӰź£飬ųĶУվں󷽡
ȻЩ϶ժȥ˿ԱʶݵĶͦε˺ͻϵϼ룬ԼᶨִŵĿ⣬¶ǵݡ
ЩҪôǾеĽҪôǹҪôֱǴӻԼĽѡġ
μү
壬˷׷׹漴ͷһޱȡ
һĻɫƽû˿Ĳ
Ҫ飬ӦöѾ֪ˡظһ飬ҪǳΣգмĸɥҪ˳ڻü
Ŀ¿ռ졣
˵ʱĿ磬ӵ¿ռϻӹ
ž
ޱȵļž
Ļֱ˶·һ㣬һҲûп˵κλ
үѯˣǶ֪ԼʲôҲԼʲôû˻˵ģ
ʱһĵҲ֪ʱ˽
ͺûпһû
ĿɨǰЩսʿһżᶨݵӡ
ˡڿʼǵѾȫעûκ˿Բ鵽ǣǸڹҺԵսѣԼ£Ҳûκ֪ǵݡ
ӽֻһ֣
˵һ仰Ŀͫŷһɵĺâ
䣡
ǰһ̤ͻȻˣ¡¡Хϯ¿ռ䣬ͬһʱ䣬ΪһҵĹԴɫͺɫϢɫͬĹâڱ
Ľ£Ĵ컯罭纣籡ŵصһΪΪģķΪˣΪʮɳӶ뵽ǰЩӰڡ
¿ռӿӴ£ëϴ裬ϵĸıЩ»ڵľͬʱһɹɴ컯ӣЩ˵ڣΪһĹâ뵽ǵĵﺣС
߸׼ȷ˵һ֧컯ӣ
˹̶ͬרŽģһ֧Ը֯ӡ
ܹ֮Ĳ磬ԴƻǿĴڶɾ޴вҳΪʥʵһ֮ӵ츮̫ʼĶǿߣΪ֯ĵײ֣νĺ˲ӡ
Ӵ󣬺ηӵ½֮Ħܹ֮½ữ޻ȵȣԶͨľɾ޴в
ʦӵнʮ򣬻ʹڸǸƣЩ˶ԸѰĵйӣ߶ɽĶ֡
ѾȫԽֲμ
֮ңЩӴĺ˳ֵʱԽ˼ĳ˺ʥӪֵס
ָ֯֡
Щκʱ򣬶ڴƶһ޴в
˱רŽһ֧ӣЩ˶ԿռĽ취
ҲӦ˶
ʱȣ֯ʱѵ˱ʹķѸٳɡ
һѧ֮Уֻд컯Դﵽʱ֮ڣһ֧ǿ󲿶ӵҪ
ʹ֮ӵдĽ컯ĲӣҪѰͰĿֻҪʮϼȡͿԶʱڣ֡
ʮ㣬ÿһֹͿǧƵİ֡
컯ųаһ湦ǿȻѵҪ󣬵һУȥȻΪ£Ż԰ѡһҪϿҳ϶ҪԶ츳ҪĶࡣ
ҲһĶ
ôƣʮҲֻѡ߰ʮ˶ѡ

ãչһܿתͷң
һжѾɣЩ֮󣬾ʹǻȥɣ
ңû˱֪֪ףȻڵһûб¶ҰģҲΣʼշ˼֣˰ĿȨûнǽС
Ĺ쵼Ųֲӡ

˵仰һ˦˲ʧ˵¿ռ֮С
ʮͬʱ컯ӣ˵ҲһƴḶ́ĺķҲҪúϢһˡ
Ѿ£δ֧ӳɳʱҲǳΪ֯ǿ󾢵еʱ
֧ӱȻܹΪ֯յĻ

ıܿһ֮Ƭ̣һУ̥ӵ¸̤֮ܿС
һ̥Ķݵֻ֮ԼʩչһΧ֮ڣһ̥κָӵжݵ֮ڵصɵĳ룡
ү
һ֮УĬĬȴ
ôˣǼ鴦׵𣿡
忪ʵ
¼ѾȥβͻҪһ棬彻ȸ
ȻҪǣȥעһˡ
ү죬ȫѾץ鰸ɱʣԴХҲѾץ鰸ֻһֱҧţеȫԼϣ⡭
˵ȸҧҧ͵͵̧ͷһۣ
ǰฮһѾߡūָȴǳ֮в֪٣ֻڻ֮зָʬ塣
ǲָָǲôģ
ָߵ΢۾һƽ


ڶǧһһʮ ָ;ĩ·
ǿ۸ϼ޻ָ
һ̣ԺһͷλµĴơࡱ嶼ò֡
¼ô飬ͼ˵һַųģΪĻʹ̫ʼˣˣХҲץˣָֻɰȻû¶κε©лХеȫ
˵ƽȣݶȹҲֻλˡ
ָӦ֪»Ǳߣ֮˼ҪǰӦԣһѴԼฮһǱʱ޷ˣеĵҲʹֹ
ϵ
Уȸ
ǣҲôģֻɽҲѾȫټʱڣʱûҵټ
˵ȸͷ
彫齻ϣʧְˡ
ߣӲ˵ģ
ʱһߴӶдȸһʶ̧ͷ塣
˵Ѿ֪ˣͽɡָӲˣ
ȸ˴һ㵣漴ʲô
ԭү׼
ȸܿ뿪ˡ

ʱ仺ȥ
ꤣ
ͨһƫƧСϣһЩ鲼ﶥһ·ǰС
ˣ˵ĵطѾˣ
һߵһذǰͻȻһڹذǰͣ
ΧĵģֻһĲݴԣص
飡
֪˶ãƿһӰ˳˴һ£΢űϱһ಼ƣЩⳡʧֲ̼ܵࡣ
ֻƤؼ䣬¶˵Ϣ¶ݲô򵥡
Ȼֻһ˲еĹâȥˡ
лˣ
ϸĴһܣһ˦ܿ˦ȥһöӡ
ݣ
ץӣҧһڣʱϲЦտĺ⣬ʻܿ뿪ˡ
紵ȵ뿪Ļһۣ漴عͷԭŵıҲֱͦѸ¶һϺأķͬʱֳƵϢ
û˶ܸоĳǹŨҵģ߸ϵȨζһĳ͢ԱԱġ
ذǰҪ˶ãܽ뵽ݵؽˡ
һİȫˡɽ߷⣬ҴݣضἫӭΪϱܹɹ˵ҲܹӮȡһΪʤŤתǬµ۷壡
ָ޷˿裬վǹذ֮бݣ
ƣھ¼֮Ѿû֮أֻҪ·һǾԲŹġ
ңԶȴһ
ȻڵûݣǲԴƳҰҵ˽⣬ܳңʱݣϰɽıӦϣڰɽضӵмİ
ʱ֣жɽĻᡣ
ҰɽѾţŵδĴ¿ɳɣ֮࣬ϵسټкϵָ֮ĺȻǻˮãͬʱޱȡ
壬нգĹͣһգΪ˸۵ģ
ָһԺʦǵӰȻսȭͷ֮¶һ˿ĺ⡣
һֱ˼һκ˶
ε¼Լ֮ǰҰɢ۸飬ĺ£
»ʶ⣬¶Ѳ˹ϵԼҲ䵽˵ز
˳˺ޣָ׷Ź
ˣ뱨ûˣ
ʱһͻȻ
ৣ
ֻƧ֮أͻȻָɫһ䣬Ťͷŵ档
ˣɽǱ߿ǲˣǼүǵܾˣ
ççĲݴУһ
δ䣬飬һʬͻȻӹذϷ߸ָǰ
ͬһʱ䣬֮Уս˻̶ʱڣΧӰ´£У֪ٱͻȻ֮վڹذеָΧס
ΧƾնսԼǰǾ߱ڵϵݱʬ壬ָܲ˲ɷޱȡ
ܣ
һɲǣָɴ۾ĿңҪֹͣˡ
ôûԼһ·СĽΪأһ˶ûԼʮ˰ɱˣȻǱ˷ˡ
Ȼܶ£ֺγմѪ
˽ԳΪֶ֪࣬ǰܹЦٰۣʹ࣬ߵһ
Ǵ涨ӵܲþ̡ǻףȴܲŴֻʵλЩ˹᣿
ֻõӦȨõʳ
壡
Ȼһжˣ
ϣ
ʱһԽ˻ָĿ⣬âһһͷɫӧ佫Űͬһ㣬ӲݴзԾָǰǸ𶫱һĹǡ
ԣӥӵҲ˳
ˣɣ
үԻؾ
һ΢Ц

ʦ֮УųϷϢ

ͻȻ֮䣬һУֻһȫ׵Ľ˽
үոչǽǴϢѾɹػָӵѺͣһ·žʦ
ϥأ
Ŷ
ĿһѸٴеż̧ͷ
м쵽
ү·̾ҪִˣҵԼеĻѾǰȥӦˣ

֪ˡ
ֻ΢΢һЦָĲһ㶼⡣
֮Ī֮Ī¼ָھʦҲûӶݵĵطҪ£Ҳֻˡ
ǵʢ磬ָɽҲΨһѡˡ
ĺ˻ģ˹أͻʺگңûκʱʹΪУǵѰ·
Ȼָ֪ľ·ߣֻҪ֪Ҫܵĵطôһж׵Ķˡ
οָҪݣضͰɽϵֻҪǱ߽Ӧݱҵָ;̫ѡ
үҪָ𣿡
̧ͷ
ָץģ֮Ҳκ
ˣ
嵭ȻһЦ˰֣
ֱӽʹ֮ȥɣӦü˲ңǱ£


ڶǧһһʮ ĩյ£
ָ£֮ЩΪԺүүŹԼҦᲢָۣҲֻƭƭˣʼգ֪Ϻϼ޻ǱôƣҲûбƭ
»Ǳߣ֮ǡ
ȻʸӣѾʥʣָ࣬ʵ൱ʥһΪ˴Ƶ࣬мӣȻɣվǸһ档
壬ָɢһЩԣ˽ܸһЩСҲȥԸ
˵ףָԼ֣Ѱ·
¼ΣҴСݽ磬Ѿ̫ʼУָҲɹĴԼԸ
һץָҲʹкһҪָһʱУҪָ
ǣ
µĽһ񣬺ܿתҴȥ
ɣ
ڽ뿪󲻾ãܿջĿ⣬һ߿еż㣬һ߿ڵ
ˣͺķ󽫾Ǳţ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һӰòǡ
Ŷ
΢٣ܿſڵ
˵
ͺķ󽫾ǱߴϢүķԸѾʱı·ߣɨ䣬ĽһЩֵ̫ģʹʳ۹Ӵɨһ飬ʱѾ˸Ǳ

֮ǰİţͺķǱҪֱӵ½ģǾﺣŵ¼Щ˵ĶʱðͺķԼµİʱıܱǱڵģֵ
һ棬ȫȥϵ
ȻﺣһУƵıսʿڴըȫⲢζûսʿˣζź˲
Ϳ֥Ͱ˼˳ı棬Բ͸Ǳκεʧ
⣬͸Ǳ߸֥󽫾ҲϢڴʳ۹λҲ·һ֧H
Ƕ˶٣
ʲô
仰üͷ͵һ£Ҳ֮ǰȻͬ
Hһİ֣
ޣûм֪Ĵڣȴ֪ʷУһ׹֣
ֻվекܴĲͬ
νķHԶûôǿʱգֻһСѣԶԶ޷ʹʳȣ˵Ǵơ
ֻǷHСսͷҲͬǿ
֮ǰײ򣬾H
ȻڴϣײľռϷ磬СģսȴHռƣսʤHʿʺսͿ֪
ѵֺ֯ǹˣ
а
ڴʳٻЩ˽ģ֮ǰʱ򣬴ʳHҲн֣ϽѹƣλHˣԶʳģʳ˶ˡ
ȥѰ
ϸ룬򱱲սʿפʳ۶͸Ĵƾӣʵʣ˱ضİţȥҲֻH
үҪ߰ͺķ󽫾ǣڴʳ֧Ԯ֥󽫾𣿡
ʵ
ˡ
΢һ˼⣬ҡҡͷ
ͺķǰԭƻʦ
͸ڸҪͺķڴʳǱߣԸ֥Ͱ˼˳㣬Ӧ׿׿ࡣ
ϾƱսսսǳս£һ棬£ûκ⡣
ǣ
Ǻܿͷٶ˵жϣӲɡ

˵ʱʱ죬˵ʱͻȻ֮һƿУʶģ͵µͬʱŤͷķȥжЩ졣
ߣÿ˶˾ְв㣣󲿷ֵϢרŵ˸𣬻Ÿֱӷ֮УԽ֡
ৣŶֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ͼһֻŽɫȦצͭŸչ˽
Ѧǧ
Ÿ벱ϵĽɫȦͽצϵͭɫ΢䣬˲˳
£вÿ˶вͬϢݷʽŸֻĿǰܱѦǧŻʹá
𶯵ģΪѦǧϢΪŸ벱ϵĽɫȦͽצϵͭκһ׳֡
ͬʱһֻŸϣֻ͸¶һϢ
ʮ𼱣
ս֮ѾܾûּϢ֣
ৣ
ϣҲһɫأվָһţһֻ̣Ÿͺܵһ˿ҵǣ϶ţΪһ׹ٷС
ţһҲס˺ɫص塣
ϷŸϲż㣬ֻǿһۣ𣬻ıɫ
Ѧǧżֻһּÿһȴ·þȫдʱٶȼ죬͸һɻ̼ζ
ʮ𼱣£
䣡
ڿżּͬʱԺһӴĺ֮ʯϤ漴Ժ
¼ʱʽ
ǰͻȻĻ󣬰һĺ죬һƬ޾ıѩȻ֮к¡
ͬһʱ䣬½ۿɼٶСɫĺݻɺı˪½ӣĺײ궳ԼܶһƬ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ĮĮķѩǵأڱ磬ǰҲ֮ΪһƬŵı磡
ϲ˥ÿǧһֻأ޾ĺӱӿ£֮ڣûκ⣬ĩյ¡
ʮʱ׼֮罫ʱҵԭԻһǧ㽱սᣬ֮ʧܣ
ʱƣҲ񴦷
ĩյ£ʧܼ

Ǻţ֮ʧһйƽ
վģмѡ
ȴôãһֱѦǧӱĶ
ԭΪմ󺮳ƽٶȣкܳһʱ䣬ڡŻή٣һȴǰˣ
֮ʯʾʱƣҲûʧܳͷǶ˵ǡǡĳͷ
ֻʮ졭𣿡

֮ǰġСڡֻһѩôʳ۹ľﶳڻ⣬һڡɵƻֻ
Ҫǣû˱һ󺮳ƻڵĻ
ⳡޱʹʳﶳţ򣬸һ
һʷǰĴ󼢻ģ䣬ֻũˡ
һΣתսǧɽˮûκʳĵزⳡʷǰĴ󺮳ҲżҪĹϵ
ڴȻֺǰκε۹ԵСޱȡ
һ󺮳ȫ汬֪жҪⳡС
綼Ҫ˿
Ѿû·


ڶǧһһʮ Σ
ˣ׼Ҫ빬ʥ
ɫϾͻȻڵ

ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬߳ţӿӭ΢紵ɫ֪ʱͷоӱµУȻ͸һ˿еĺ⡣
ݣ
ʱȣܿعųһߺȣתűĻʹȥ
Ҫⳡ󺮳һ˵ǲģõͳ͢ȫֲ֧С

һ죬۹Ȼƽ۹ʷԶסһ졣
빬Уйڴ󺮳һкгԴˣλ۹ʵ۵ǰδеġ
ֻǰʱʱ䣬̫౻˳ȥھԱȫٽ˹У³̫ʦ̫顢ɡӼ࣬࣬ƹʷĹԼ֪ʷռңȫۼһ
һδй⡰顱һһҹʱ䣬еĴ󳼶æýŲմأԷϢ˲ϡ
һֱڶɫص뿪˻ʹ
ͬһʱ䣬ⳡġ顱ٿ۹ָʾѩһ㣬Ѹٷ뵽˸ݣĹС
㰲ءȪ˷ݣ֮ǰһȳģǧּƵú̿ٱѺ£ʹʮһʮһǧʮأ
˳͢Ĺ֮⣬Ҵ̶ӣҲȫ
ʳĻ֮ͣǰչ޻ƤԼɴɵޱҲڳ͢İ£ɽ̶ӣʵ͵˸ء
ⳡʷǰĴ󺮳ůԶǵһλ
ЩֵĳǳأƧȺɽ֮У϶ϵ϶Щط޽ľ޲ǴŶһӣפһʳװѺء

һʷǰĺƴжܵõʹ۹˷һٵת
壬˵ܹⳡ󺮳ȻʵԸ̫֮ƽ𣿡
ʹڣ߸ߵĳǽϣХ岢ټģһľʦǵǡ
йڴ󺮳֮༸ҹ¡
ÿ˶ʵۣΪϵĻȨϧ췴ֻλ֮󣬲Ż֪ԭλֻһȨһκ͸
ģһģ
嵭Ŀǰᶨޱȡ
һ紵֮ǰȣԽ䡣


ХƵ۹ææµµȫԸӦⳡġڡʱӸ߾۹ͻʺ˹أ룬Լı򣬿ֲĺӿ¡
߾۹
鴨򽭡ȳǽǸ߾۹󽭣߾˳Ϊĸ׺ӡ
Хһ󺮷ǵأŴѩĭͱӱϯ£ԶԶȥããһƬ
ѩĭͱĴ趼ǵĳǽ棬һž
趼УԭǱɭϣʱ˿̣ı˳У֮һƬྲ
꣡
ͻȻ֮䣬һϸ΢Ĵӽд֪ûжע⵽ӿĽˮ֪ʱͻȻ仺ˮ涸Ȼһ㱡źӿ㱡Ѹ񣬲ܼɢ

ͻʺ
ʯտӣһ·Լʮǳ
Ƕͻʺı߾ҲǼҪԶԶȥټĲԭϣţ
ƬȺ飬ټ˽ͷţ򣬻дȺ
ƥϣͻصԶʯտˮȥĺһֱˡ
ԭһƬ͡
¡¡
һ̣ضҡһ޴ĶңԶı
꣬Ź꣡ʲôˣȥ
һͷƣϴƤӵһõĳͣȻعͷһ˴
󷽣ʮԥһ£һҪǰȥ鿴ͻȻ֮䡪

˵ĿУޣƽߴһƬɫķ籩ǵأų
籩ӣ캳أǹڣޱȣضҶԽԽҡ
ϣһͷͷţҲоʲô׷̧ͷ档
³Ү꣡ħ籩ӣ
񿴵ǵصıѩһ˲ɷޱȣ촽
ܣһҲɫҰף׷׳ǰʹţȺһȺȺţ׷໽ƶӴȺҪѸתƣ籩̸ף
ֻ¡¡ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬线У籩ХããķѩͱʱеȺȫС
ֻʣºĺǰǰããһƬоʱҲȫʧȥ˷вֻʲѡ
㣡
裡
һţĽ˷һƬ籩٣ԭ轵ֱӴ¶ȱʮȡ
ѩУдıʯŴƲ
ЩСССֻĴָСȭͷС󣬺䣬һ˶ı׹£һƥеսƥս߶ûкһͱҵͷ­ݣѪɣز
һɿؾǽʮͷƷɶС
Ҳ֪˶ãŸϷȥָֻյƽֻһصţʬԼɽҰı˪

ͬʱ
˹ظԭƵ񱻱ѩѹ壬û
ڴʳһӨ͸ı鲼СǶߵʬ
ͻʡ
Ӷϣ½磬ױѩ֡

һߣңԶݡ
һ߸ߵɽϣУϸϸСѩͬëһ㣬Ʈ䣬ѩ·һӰţָֺؿһƬ˿ްϸСѩƬƮȻһָֺ߬ƣȴ͸ݵӣ¶һ˿Цݡ
ϲϲЩڿʼǰˡ
ڴʱһ𣬰޳üͻȻУڰɽǰ
Ѿ£ڴӰͷɽһֱ˹ǱߣѩƵ֣轵ͻʺǱߣѾţʧأʩɺǱߣΪӦԴ󺮳Ѿٿ󳯻ˡ
ڴĻᣬˡ
ԿҲһ˷ܵ
ֽ٣ޱ䣬ӱϣ޲壬ʱ˿̣Ψһ˷֮ɫϵģҲֻˡ
ԨǱô˵
ɽȻһЦڵ
߾۹⣬֮ǰ͸߹ĩϵͷʵʸţڣǲҲˡ鴨⣬ڸ߾۹ʷϣǰδе飡
ԨǱѾţˣԼ顣
ԿһЦ


ڶǧһһʮ ݣսƽ
𣿡
ɽȻԨǣ׸ܳѾɲˡ
ߣǲֹһβ鵽Ԩɳ뱱ز̽Ϣ
Ϊ飬ۼΪʵԨԼ鵽Ϣ϶Ҫϸö࣬Ҳʲôǡ󺮳
Ԩûѡ
ʩɺǱأϺ껹Ǹǰһɿ𣿡
ɽ
ɡԼ߾ǱߣɽģģʵǽߵʩͶͻʺ
߾ԼͻʺڣʩɺǱ߳ٳٲӦڰɽ˵Զһʱըֻȡͻʺ֧֣ɽγһ̵ǡ
ģʩɺǱѾͬˣ
ʱһޱȡ
һ˲䣬ΧһƬžޣԿԶĴǬӣãǬ棬ɽڣĸС
˹ɺѾͬ⣿
ûǴĻĿǰΪֹ˶ûյ˹ɺ϶Ĵ𸴡
ݺͶͻʺֻ֮һ֮սֻۣҪһ첻ͿԵִﶫͻʺʣŸ봫ϢǾ͸ˡ
ô̵ľ룬˹ɺʲôѾˡ
ʵϣ֮ǰݴս˹ɺ̬ʵѾ˵ˡ
ʱɽ˹ɺٰĲ̬ȣϣܹոԨֽ˹ɺʼղΪɽʱҲľսٰĲΨ˹ɺ춫ͻʵĴӺͻϮ
ʵϣݴս֮Ϊ˹ɺģɵ̬ȣɽ˺ܶ鷳
ĺ֤ܶݣǴӶͻʺǱߵõģСĽûѾˡ
ҪǣɽȻֶ֪ιڽƻӶͻʺ˳ЩϢǴǼ٣ж˹ɺй¶ȥģڶ޷жϡ
˵ѶԸ֪
ڸоȻ˵˹ɺѾӦˣ
Ǻǣıǣҵ֮Уκε©
ƺ֪ʲôеȻһЦĿǣޱȡ
˳ڷ֮䣬ʤǧ֮⣬Ȿıøɵ飬˹ɺȻվķ룬ͻʺĴע̫ŲշתĿռ䡣
Ѿͻʺϵڳʯտһһδ֣ͻʺʧأټϼ򣬵ݶʧ󣬶ͻʺܹʣĳɵѾǲˣδ»һʱ䲻ˡ
ң֪ǰ죬˹ɺѾʼټµĴ󽫾˽ʲˣû⣬⼸춫ͻʺǱ߾Ӧţ֪ͨ˵ˡ
Χʹסˡ
ͻʺ˲أֻʣĳɲݾǶ֪
΢֪жϸڵĸ֪ѳ˵Ԥϡ
ãǾʦˣ
ɽԣɴЦ
¡¡
ʱɽڵĶ棬𶯣һ촫ʼʱ򻹲ԣֻǶ̶ʱ䣬ԭɲúޱȣϢ֮䣬˵ĿУһ֧׳磬Ծ˵ٶȳ˵ķ
ݣ
ͣȫ棡
ɱڤͣҲ

ͻȻ仯˵ע⣬ɽ͸Ҳһ˹ȥֻƽߴೣ֧˻źţǧƺƵ糱ˮһ㣬Ծ˵ٶȳ˶
ãã֮УشأһɫĴϣһ׭ġġ֣ʺѪĿޱȣݵĴ
ϸȥ֧Ӵľӷֳɣɴǰݽִһŭȣһڱ۳֮н̤⻷ֳֵǹϵļսͣ
Щ󣬳ǧҲڲϵĳУϵĽսϣһƵĻ𻨲ϵĴӵײĵط
ֳɣ˫ʵսԿķʽѵǰɽѵʽ
ʱޣʵսķʽǣѵķʽ
Ϊ˱֤ѵ±ӵǿսɽѵ֮ʮ֮һһЧ壬ȴݵĶࡣ
һеĸջġ
ԶԶȥ֧ɱڣǧǹˮ͸һɺѪζ±
¡¡սԽԽƺƵĸܿվĸ߸ߵɽǰɳ۶һѵһ߳ɱһ˻ѸԶȥǺǹؼһе졣
ɽǰһƬž˵Ŀⶼ֧ݾһ·Ŀһ·Զȥ
һ֧һ֧ӿϵӶȥ
ⲢʲôĲݻıֻݵؽճѵѡ
Щʮڽһк
Уñ֧Σ
ǰĴɽĿһ£ͻȻڵ
Ѿ¹ԭˣ
һգһ
ȼ仰ðɽЦ
ʿյĿ
ݷ꣬ӵһ֧ʶµı
գ
˵ʱʱ죬ʱͻȻ֮һ󼱴ٵԶ߸ߵɽǧĵطһƥݵսǰǧɵĸһ·۶
սһܣһߴУ
ͻţ˹ɺ˵£
ս̳
ɽϣĴ˶ǻһٴĸС
⻹˵ܲٲܲٵвŸոᵽ˹ɺͬˣ߾ȻյϢж֮׼ȷֱ̾Ϊֹ
󣬸Цֻڶеȡ
Ϣܿһȷȷʵʵ˹ɺıʼɣдϲһܲѣ
̫ˣ˶ͻʺļ룬ľͺˣ
ã
һڻûб̬ģֻʣ˹غͻʺˣ
ɽĿתҲŷҰġ
֮Уֻگû
گʹڼ֮أһƣڵگʵ۷٤죬Ǹ޷ĳӣڸ޷û丸ǡ
ĳ̶ֳϣگȫ˴Ƶĸӹ
ڰɽļƻУҲͷگ
Уô
ɽֱе
֮У˹صĴѶԸģλǻµ˹ص࣬ɽԼҲǼɵĺܣͻʺƺ«һ
ʱ䣬ɽĹȥżûʮҲ߰˷ˣɳ޿ɺǱȴʼûκεĻӦ
ɽЩȥžʯһһ˻ûܼ


ڶǧһٶʮ ̫ʼ֣
Ǻǣ֮Բ̬޷ǵɥʧȨˣֻ߸оûаտԻܴƣɳ޿ɺ
˵˴˶٣ӹһ˿Źֵɫ
λǱƵˣͻʺսǶҲУҪǣͻĴʳУɳ޿ɺǱӰԴη嵽˼㣬ظҲֻڼɵƶѣ
ҡͽ½ǿ̬յ
ʦˣô죿
һԵİ޿ڵʳ˵
ʥʵ̴棬ƾǲܶԿƵģʵܳɹսʤơ
޷
ҡһĴݣ
ԸƵ˼ʵǻҪУȻѶԸ׺ˣͻʺ˵ĵ۹»Ҫ΢㹦У⣬֮°ѣ󺮳٣ûκε۹Զ
λֻҪٵȴһʱǡ
΢Ц
߸ߵɽϣԶд󶨣ɽüͷչ࣬ڸежϣһŷ
һƬϲã󶨵ʱûжע⵽ڰɽԶĵطʲôüͷһ£¶һ˿͵ǡ
ôʲô˵𣿡
һЦע⵽õı仯
û˵ʶ̧ͷ˰ɽһۣƺ˼ɡ
˵
ɽüͷ΢忪ڵ
µĽӦö֪ϲ²Ҵš
ˣһ飬ǡ͢ڲݡһıݣʱ侭ӪǿѾۼʮı̫ٱúͬ޴󽫾˼򡣡
⣬ǧ֮УйҹϹַҲѾԽԽƣһǼΪ
õͷ
õһ䣬Χһ䣬ޱȣвȫüͷжĬࡣ
ݣ
ڶݡһľݵ㣬ųǰأȴѾϰ֮߳Ϊݡˡ
Ϊķ֮أѾǡǰءֿݵģȫǽ䱸ıˡ
ֹˣ͢ǱߵԽԽԸ⣬ǿʱɱ
ʱһԶǬҲ˵ˣ͸¶һ˿ŨŨĲ
ϱ߾벻ԶݵĴڣ˶֪ģҲݲʳѰĴڣ
ڴ֮ǰݲһ۹ݵ⣬ȫܹء
Ļԣݵı棬ǧﱼϮͿɨ復ʦһ޷أ̶ȵµãʹĻ̡̻
ڵĴ̫ŽˣֻĻ̻̣Σݲлᡣ
Ȼһַϭ֮һͻע⣬ھݲԶĵطһأһݣͬһӲԭ֮ʺشʹݲڵ㶼
ݵıҪͱþݡһһҪŴƵĹֱ⣬ؽƣ˲˽ѹȵĵز
ֻһССĲԣʹ˼˱ĵز
쵰
ʦеɽʱҲɵ˫ȭսָ죬зߺ޲ѡ
κʱ򣬾ʦеλʼĴС
ʱ䣬͸Ҳ˲ٵİ취ɧź͸ȴȫ顣
ǻۣʦеλڸ֮£
°ɽڸеΪΣҲûаգλ¹ϵġʥǰֵ˺ô
ǰ߻λ̫ٱãǹǷƽȣʹðɽҲǼɵأ׶
Χѹޱȡ
彨ǰ߱ݡ˵Ϊֹû˿취
֮⣬һ顭
ԥһ£ŵ
ƴǰʱ俪ʼа֮ڣұԱԶİӡжȫξӸ߲£ΪֶֹӻԾμӣ޼
⣬еңȫҹֱͣף󡣴ڵıѾǶ࣬µģֻ࣡
˵еĵǣȻȻ죬ǴǱҲ˲С
ڵĴƣǰѾȫͬˡ
һرʥУһб󾫶ԭԴƵıһֱûгʮ򣬶⻹ǰ˽
ıߣյĸ͹Ľͣȴʹøܵѹӵ
ԴƵı˺ڣһֱǷ࣬ȡ㡣
ʥУݵıѾвԭ
»ʵǻΪ֮һ֮£֮ϣѾȫƿ˴Ʊ
һͳ׶ʥʱıߡ
У޼ɵƾŻʳӴԼս޲ʤĸɣܿ쳬˰ȫûͣļ
˹ģӴÿһʿװݵľӣʷ϶Ǵδйģ
ѹǳݣ
һ˴ڵѹѾһӴĵ۹
ıȻδݵȴѾŵ˼㣬֮ôǿʵΪԭ
λ¹ϵġʥûκ˸С
ΧõĻҲ׷ױɫ
ǰ֮ҲδԶԸǾδֲ̫ˣҲԶԶܹܵı롣
һʱ䣬гġ
ȥֻ»ǼΪ
Կ޵Ҳڵǲ
ɽû˵üͷҲ΢΢
ʦλʼݴУ
ߣһȺ֮ССһ壬ֻǽһݶѣǾƵ𣿣
ʱû˿ףһͻȻӰɽĻǵ䣬͸һɾӸ£Ӳϵζ
ɫһûзӦɽȴһϲ
̫ʼ
ͣ
һ̣˵ĿУһ죬һŨҵĺ̴Ӱɽб
ɽ뵽ʲôһܿ̽뻳ȡһöȭͷСĺɫùǵѡ
̫ʼصΪҪʱ繤ߣֻ̫ʼܹϵɽȴܹϵ̫ʼ
ˣ
ɫùǵеĺӿƮƮɢܿ۳һӰ̫ʼ
ֻǺͰɽеȣǰ̫ʼͶӰƺЩ̫һ⣬̻۵Ӱ룬һ˸ޱȡ
Ӱϸ֪ǹϤϢɽȴǾԭüͷҲչࡣ


ڶǧһٶʮһ ǰ
̫ʼ㣿û̫ˣ
¼ʹôĶǾˣɽھʦе̽ӣر̫ʼھʦϿձɱ˵Ǹ޴ĳ
̫ʼں˽ĹУһֱӸ£Һζ˵ıĺӣӴΪԼյԴȴ˱Ŀɽ
ǻƽ̫ʼṩǶܱ˵һӴ֣ǿʾ޶Ƹɽ޼ɵԴ
˵̫ʼһְɽǿľӡҷӣ
ߣѵΪһ𣿡
̫ʼһΪá
Χ˶һݣ׷׵ͷ
ֻҪû¾ͺãû¾ͺã
ɽǲΪ⣬Ц
һС⣬Сˣ´ˣһһͻٴγ֣ʱһҪСʬΣ
̫ʼݺݵ
Χԣ΢𣬾ж΢΢üͷ˵Ĺкͼɵ
̫ʼĻǰʹǴξޱ䣬˿ȷʵûı塰ɱˣ֪Ϊʲô̫ʼȴû
Ҷ˵ֻǻĲ

֪ĵ̫ʼȴδţѾȫԽ˵֪
ĳ̶ֳϣͬo
ǵ̸ѾˣƵİԼݣǶ⣬аš⣬ѾҷһΣǰǧˣ
ʱȥհɣ
̫ʼ
ʲô
̫ʼĻ˻࿴һۣһ
ҷӣ
ǰǧҷսʿ
ҷں̫ʼսʿÿһʵǿԶԶܹ࣬һа٣
ҪǣҷսʿǿޱȣܶصƣǧٿףҲ
ӵǧǿҷսʿӵакξ壿
̫ˣǸõȵԼĸ֮ھͿֱӷˣ
ôʱҲһܵ
ҷսʿ൱ڶʮ
ݵİԹġ
ܺãҲǱҪ˵ģҷսʿǣûдֻۣһǰ
һҲȲˣһҪСӷǣ
̫ʼ͸⡣
쾳ûдﵽͱôһССϲɱɢ̫ʼ˵ֱܴ裡
һϵɽҪ£ǰɵ塣
ԭ£ɱСӵĻûκ⣬ֻҪҷʹǾֱӴݻеıһԭ
ɽЦ붼ûʹӦˡ
ʲô
ͽ˯ͷ۴ݺ飬̫ʼǿħҷսʿ
֮ϲ
ǡ֮ӡǾ͵аһѡ
ܺã֧Һܿͻϣ㲻Ҫñʧ
̫ʼ˵ͷ漴һǵȻըѣΪḷ́Ʈɢ
ʱҵǵϢ
ɫùǵУ̫ʼԽԽСڳƮɢɫùǵҲָ糣ûκϢ
ȵ̫ʼϢȫʧ߸ߵɽҲܿ찲
ɽ˻һۣϵЦݺܿȥ΢һΪһ֣סеĺɫùǵѣҲеˡ
̫ʼȻɾţҷȴڼģ
ɽɫ΢ܿŤͷУ
Уʱȣ׫дţߴ˹غͻʣǿǵˣ
ǣ
ԣæͷ
ǬӡǬ桭ǰҲҪһԼľˡ
ɽ˵ţŤͷǬӵˡ
ǣ
ڽҲ׷׸ס
ɽ״˵ͷûж˵ԶİӶȥ
ۡĴУһɳ̣ĵԼ
ǿҪۺܾˡ
һ˺ܿʧԶֻƬ֮󣬻һֻֻŸ𣬺ܿ쳯˹غͻʺķȥ

ѩӣԽԽͣӹӶ֮ͣ㣬ѩƽ
ʱ˿̣˹ص۹ͦƵĸԭϣϸܵСѩƮ䣬Ƭ
˹Уڶ˹ؽۼһãһۣվϷ
ڴλãŴϣ˹ص۹ĲظϷɫء
Դ˹˵࣬ɴִ˹ص۹ĲͺٲЩ顣
ΪԴ۹ճ´ࡣڴ괦˵ģǲҲһΪ
һβͬǧǰԤУǳµѼ١
˹ص۹ƾĸԭΣһһѣڣͦƵĸԭҲһֵǲ
ţ£ȴȫûֹͣļȥ۹ѾԶˡ
֮ڣһƬš
£࣬һκͬСɣѾǰȥ顣߾ݡͻʺ򣬰˹أȫܵѩԼȱϮӶ˴ķΧ˼˵ĿẮֱδţ½綼ֱļ󡣡
£һŨܣë˹ؽ
ȥһжûиı䣬һ£ԭͻȫѩǣʱ֪Ҫˡ
ڵòһˣʱ䣬۹ھѾ֮࣬ţͷȥҪ˶ãǾͻʳȱ״ֹ̬ۡ
һ˹佫Ҳվ
˹Ϊεԭʱ۹Ҫ΢һ㣬ҲԺò̫ࡣ
ѵһεĴ󺮳İȥ𣿡
Ϸһֱûô˵ĲͻȻڵüͷǡ
Ҳյһѩֵ鱨ĳЩطЩĿ»Ҫأ˭Ҳûһʱ֪ȥá
һƬž˷׷Ťͷ˲ߵĵꡣ
ѣΪֹֹͣļ󣡡
ҡҡͷƽ
죬֮ǰԸ飬ŵôˣ
࣬һѾ׵еȫԭϲڵӦûһʱ䣬վα겻α
У
ѩɱƽģܱѾΪһƬı˪֮أţ򱻶˹ظԭ϶˵İϵʱûܵôӰ죬ҲΪ˹ص۹Ӯһ˿ѵõĴϢ֮
ڴսܣһ췭ظһƬߵİϵȻⳡƽзشã֮ǰû뵽ġ
ֻ˶֪ѩƽһ޷ѡ


ڶǧһٶʮ ƶ
أѵƵ۹ûκεӰ޼ǵãڱȱڣǲм֮𣿡
أôСʲô
ʱ򣬲ͻȻڵ
˹ظԭĸ֮ʼ˹صĸ֣֮ȱӦõһ֡
Ȼ˹ѾʧˣȱڵĴƾܹȫûкһ㡣
ر£ڱַ֮ǰƷѾеıȱڳˣڵȱھһǣѾȫ
Ҳȥ̽ûҵκεˣ
Ѿֳһ룬˴ʳһ˴½
һ鱨ռ˹佫
ʲô
ⷬһ±ɫ
УƷѾţ֮Źϸԭռȱڣｨһ֮ǡ
˺ȱڵ֮Ǿͳ˹ص۹в
Ȼ˭뵽ò׶õȱڣƵ۹Ȼô׵ľͷˡ
쵰
һǣҲݺݵȭͷɫѿޱȡ
ڣ佫Ҳ׷׵ͷ
˹أȻҪ׼Ķࡣ
âգǰƵϢ𣿡
ʱһԵĵƺҲ뵽ʲôȻŤͷһ佫
࣬ǵ鵽ΪƫϣжͻΪ壬ʱء
εҲһֵ飬ڴ󺮳֮ǰƵλڴĴӴʳ۹ͻͣʱֻΪǾ;ûж룬ڿô򵥡
Ϊ˻ͣƻռ˴ú̿޻úͣӸ򡢶ڻ˴ʳʱѸٷַݸں֮ǰǾѾ˳ֵ׼
âյ˹佫˵Ҳ¶һ˿ֵֹ顣
䣡
âյĻһƬȻ
ôܣǰ½ػûһ󺮳ףôô׼
᲻ֻɺϣ
ܣͣ޻ú̿ëЩʶģ֪ʲôôǰ¾Ϳʼ׼ô󣡡
ƵǸҲ̫ˣ

һɲǣ˶¶ŵɫּĸо
ͷû˵Ƥͬѡ
Ϊ˹Ƴĵ࣬ı¡
ǴƵλ꣬ǿ꣬ĺܶжҲһ޷͸
ⳡ󺮳ŪǱѣʧء
Ψ֮ǰͿʼʳ޻һбϿ˭뵽Щʹ󺮳йϵ
ɲⰡ
Ժһͷг˼ɵ
ڣܴ˳صѹģҲֻλ¹ϵʥˣ
ûжʱˡ
ֻԼ
˹ǳŲ̫õģǳֲĴ󺮳׽֮ǰζҪ취һС

ѹֵʱͻȻ֮䣬һƿС
࣬ţ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һ˹佫סŸ룬ڵ
֮𣿡

ǣ
˹佫һеݣص
ֻǵ˵ͷɫƽû˿⡣
ʱ䣬ɽߴ˵Ѿյüˣȴٳûб̬
ɽҪʲôû˱
λεİ󶼻ҰԶĵλҪߵö࣬ҲԶȴܱ̰ö࣬ڸ˵ڻĺ¡
Ҳλ˴󶼻
Ƕڰɽ飬һֱ
ǰ֮֮ʦǿʳ۹ӵݺ޵УұƸ𣬻ٳǻٹ˵˹أ
ڵĴѲǰĴƣܴжôҪƣòСĽ˼ǡ
࣬һЩ̫һݵİɽ߾۹ͻʺɺĹ춼дһţ
ϣ˹佫̧ͷŵ
ʲô
仰궸̧ͷ΢дΪ⡣
˹佫æеżٹͷ
ৣ
ֻһУǼżһƿնûС
ٷһ⼸ż㣬ɫѸٱ΢
˹ؽ˵ûһεżǰһ˰ɽŮ߾ԨĺͶͻʺ˹ɺһţҶǵױš
Ȱ꣬ϣ˹ܹ̬ǽˣһԸơ
ɽȻܹô˵⼸֮ǰСˣ
૵
һ̣Ҳò԰ɽ߿֡
Ҫͬģô򵥵飬û뵽ɽܹôȡýչ
࣬˵ʲô
һԲڵ
ûֱӻش𣬶ǽеļżһ˹ȥ
Ƭ֮󣬲ż㣬ɫأͬеż㴫˴Ľ졣
˼ܹ棡
һΣѾǼ򵥵ս漰˹ص
һر⣬ѩ٣ټ˹ص۹Ҳֻһ³
λô
Ƭ֮󣬲ڵ
ڣڽĬѣһĿⲻԼͬĴꡣ
κʱ˹ص۹ֻһˡ
࣡
࣬ɽѳɣ߾ͻʺɡټݵıѾһɺӴڲ룬һɽ³ɹʱǿһֲֻڸԭϱĿ
ڵͶǼΪ½ֻдƵĵãҪܱѩͱ뿪ԭ⣬ڴ׼ʳ࣬һڻ˴Ļ͡ú̿޻ë¶ǵһ룡
Ҫ밾һẮֻнƣ
һ˹ؽͻȻƳĬһ˵˼
ޣç֧ء˹صľ񼸺ɥУκʱ򣬴ʼ˹ĵˡ˲භֻƣܶԵȥĽʿ·
һƬţ춼˴ꡣ
ȻҲͬ뷨
˹غʹƻΪңɽӵأռݣָƣõĻᡣ
룡
۾
ڽ˼᲻ֻ֪ͬСɣҲ
ⷬڽʧɫ
ֻǶڵľû˸ɡ

ҲгʱͻȻ֮䣬һĺŽԶԶʹ
ҵŽʱԺһѩɽӰͦΣƣ


ڶǧһٶʮ Ŀ꣬ͻʺ
ѩɽŽǣ
һ׷ŤͷŽķ
˶֪˹ʥشѩɽߴһ޴ѩ׺ŽǣʥҲ۹Ȩֻʥɮʹá
ʮŽǺٶá
˶֪һŽ𣬱д·
ҪǣÿһκŽһԤ顣
꣬һɣ
ʱһͻȻڴϣ͸һɸο
ʥɮ
˶һλվ
ʥɮ֣ͬСɣѵ˵µԤԴ£
΢Щ
Ȼô룬˵Ǿ仰ʥɮϢӴڳʧˣûκζ
ȥɣȥһݵ飬һ˵
ȻҲ뵽ԤԵ飬ɫأܿ촩ʧ˵֮С
ܿȥ˴ѩɽû̸֪ʲô
ǰ֮󡪡

һֻŸ˹ص۹ڿն𣬴һױ飬˶ңԶݡ
ĳ֮˹ͬ˺ˣ
һƱ֮УһӴѾʼγɣΨһûб̬ģֻʣһͻʺˡ

Ҳ﷽Ķʱ˿̣ƾʦ֮С
أ
Х̶ֻʱڣݵ¾½ʮ֮࣬Ѹٽ˺һ㡣
ھʦ˼УѾȼܵ̿
֮УߺȷнԷȱȽǣƽȶֹ
ֵľʦʱҲ࣬ȣֻսѲߵĳͳǷ
ͬʱʹϣ֮С
ڣһͷ̿룬̿ͨޱȣͷųһɹˣůůġ
٣һһ£һһȹԶмһ̴ľӣһ裬յ豭мĺ۽վޱȡ
еú̿Ѿƻ˸ݸڻͣɷ͵˸֮⣬ȫ˶սǰߣе飬ëɵͱҲȫַȥ
ڸݸҲ˸ʾģƫԶɽĴѾǨٽسǵʱõ㣬ݸҲѾ˲飬άΰֹҡ
ˣɲֹۣ½ٶʵ̫ˣĻǺѾʼ»½˿ûֹͣļ󡣡
Ѿǰ̽ϢĿǰ󺮳ѾڳŶͻʺԼ߾ȹƽһ£Щҿ¾ͻᱻѩû֮󣬺ͻϯƣ
⣬ǻڶչʳëҿ˱߳ļ۸񣬵Ѿ򲻵κζˣʼЩ˿ڶ࣬Զǰ׼룡
һŵӣһһ˵Ľչ˵һ䣬ɵһҲѡ
ԤԤϣһεĴ󺮳ڣȻûʽ£ϯƣڱɵĿֲƻκΪ֮ľ־塣
Ҫʱţȵȥ׼ʲôˡ
嵹ɫ糣Ϊ飬͢ʮĻƽԼҲڣ⻹ûӺӦ֮Ĵӽˮ
ˣǧ˿ھôȵӡ
ţ㣬ⷽ㣬ڲʱˡ

ںڷ棬ٵûʧ
ĻǳǳһЦ΢΢Щߺ졣
ˣǱôˣ
ٺܿعڵ
Ҫ尲ƾڰգݸϺǶⷽ棬漰սĲ֣ȫ֡
һһ⣬ֹȷв㣡
ˣ
ϵĲյһڣɫݣ
еĸ͹Ѿȫλ
ǰɽǱأ
Ŀ֮һâ
Ǻһھۼ¾¾ʱ䡣
嵭
ô˵Ѿɹ˵˸߾ɣжͻʺ
ʶʲôüЩġ
ˮڣһҶѾ׵ɽҲͰˣһȡ֮գʱһһľϲ
²յĿ䣬ȻȻ¶һǿš
˳ᢣʤǧһڵȴһ쵽
ʷ֮ңѾȥһʷ֣һΣҪ׵սһ֣Ҳ
ү
˼ʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲ洫ʱ䣬ȸһż㣬첽˽
һ죬һ̱㿴ϵ٣ɫһͷ
үȳȥһ£
ȸһľִ٣˵žҪӴ˳ȥ
ˣ
һӣȸȻʲôˣ
˵ɣʲô£
ǣ
ȸԥһ£żϵݣʱɫأ˵˳
ոյϢһݰɽƵƺǰƣ⣬ݵ̽ӻ˹˵ټ
ˣ
ȸһ仰ͫһɫȻޱȡ
꣡
ܱʵһֱ˼ӣҲȥ£ĿǰΪֹҲֻܱߵĹҺͰɽжѣ˹ص۹Ҳ뵽˰ɽ֮УһоͽȻͬ
ɽȻǿ׳ииվ̫ǳ㡣
ǴͲͬˣһλ֮Զ³֮ϣ½綥ı֮ʿ
ɽ绢Ȼ߱ϯµʵ
ž
һָ̣һһƾֻڵһ಻ԶһŰοյͭϣһžģܱԼڵľ޷ͼӦչ
峤˹ȥ
٣ȸҲͬ˹ȥ
ɨŵͼĿݣ߾ͻʺһ·Ƶ˹ص۹ͻȻһۣ˵ͼǵһϡ
ڻûб̬ľֻʣһͻʺˣ
Ҫһ壬ôףˣҸɳ޿ɺдһţ
Цһŵͼͻʺڵλãӹһ˿Ĺâ
ͻʺش˹غͶ֮䣬һΪҪŦش
ɽѾ£˹ԼеĹңټһͻʺͻڴƵıγһ޴ߣһ壬Ƶѹ͸ˡ
ζΪһĻġ
˹ҲͶɽͻʺΪҪ
ͻʺһܽλı֮ͰɽڶĴ뿪γһ޷Խľ޴ϡ
Ͱɽһʵ󣬵뿪ǵвȾͻܹǸܣ
ǣ
ڣȸһ񣬺ܿȥ

Ƭ֮һֻŸշѸٳȥ



ڶǧһٶʮ ͻĩպƽٵġԤԡ
ʱ仺ȥ½ر¶ѩ
ÿȥһ죬Ĵһ֡
ʱ˿̣򣬱ͥԱңԶͻʺͻ˿¶֪֪Ѿ˵ע⡣
Ҳù
ʱͻʥɽɽΧ

ӴĲԭϣװһƬһϹźĴƤ멣һͷͷѩţ϶ȥ
ĳ鲼ԭ
Խ䣬󣬻ͻˣһʳ
ÿһ죬˶
۹Ĵ᧿Σ
Ļӣǵʱ䲻ˣ
ɽ£һӷ׵ջԶĿ⣬һߴ֣һ߿ڵ
ϸȥֻ˹źƤ·ϳŨܵĺ룬ȻǴ̺³Ҳ
ǰһʲˣź£±ȼյͼԼһֻХĹǣɽķǵ²ͻĻӣͶ⣡
ԴӰǶĻӺͶͺ³ҲͻʺڵĴԽȣҲԽԽʧƣʧҲߵԽ
ڵĺ³ҲѳĻӵĸ
ѩ⣬¿ɺ⼸Ҫˡ
³ҲŷѩĮĮɽڵ
ǱԽԽܿɺˣһɺǱˣ¾ǳʧƵʱ򡣡
˵仰ʱ򣬺³ҲʶƲͷĻһۡ
ǰĻӾ谮Դһǰɶһжȫͬ
A˵õ󽫾ʧϵ֧֣ɳ޿ɺǰͻȻӣȡĻӣܷɺļ
ĻӺͶ⣬ΪǰĹϵͥڷܵżΪ״һϵ
ǰҲͰˣڣͥڲΣΧͶ׽ƣͻڲԷֳɣ˴˼Ϊҡ
ԹŻȨ֮ǲпᣬֹңͥˡ
һλڵĻӺͶԼһϵͻᱻ𣬳
Ҿſɺôң
Ļ̧ͷɽɽҧȻô˵ţȴǲȷ

һԣ³Ҳⷬһ̾
һһɺ谮ͶΪɶصԵʣɶɳ޿ɺﻹǰһ
գ
˵ʱһ󼱴ٵͻȻɽķ
ƶɽѩͻȻĶ˵ע⡣
ǰĻӺͶ⣿
ɺĻ

ɽ£Ͷͺ³Ҳ΢𣬻࿴һۣѸٴӶԷпͬء
ߣ
һ̣˲ٶ˵ðŷѩɽȥ
ʱ˿̣ɽ޴С
ž
޴ͭƻУһľ̿ȼգžһǣûС
ΧһһӰͦο࣬Ϣ磬ۼУޱȡ
ôˣ
Уɳ޿ɺһž»ɺ̺ϣ
£ĻҪ⣬Ŷȸ޴󽫾Ϣڷѩӣһ·ӶҪ뱱أ̽麮Դͷԭ򣬵ûпɭ֣뻹߰˰Ҳ޷ǰ
ﱩѩǣŶȸ޴󽫾üͼԽǸһֱӱƬģҪǼʱأѾɥ
մ󽫾˵³˺쾳΢ϵǿߣ˿ԴԽ
಻ԶһŶȸµ佫ͷ
ʲô
佫ĻӪ˾ɫ䣬ɳ޿ɺҲˡ
һεĺڣ¹۹ͬСɣԲŻɳŶȸλ۹󽫾ǰȥ̽ϵԾŶȸ޵ΪȻҲ޷Խ
ҴصϢпܣΪδԽУŶȸ޻˲ơ
һλĵ۹󽫣Ȼںˣ
ôܣ
ʲôļܹʹһ۹ˣһ޷ʱ˳
ʵֱ
һʱ䣬Ӫڣ˶ޱȡ
¹ص۹Ŷȸ޴󽫾ѣ
ƽ٣
ĺƽ٣
ͬһʱ䣬˶뵽ǸڴԭǧģͻĩպƽٵġԤԡĶﵽôֲĵزΨԤеġƽ١ſܽһС
һʱ䣬һޱȡ
Ŷȸ޴󽫾Σ
ɳ˰Σڿʵ
Ҳܺ£Ŷȸ޵ҪģͻʺŶȸ޲ǿģȴǶĵģҲɳ޽ɵ̽Ϣԭ
󽫾˲ᣬʱڱˣʱڣ»ز
ŶȸϷϵĲ
ɳԶʱ˿Ȼʱ޷Ϲ飬عɽֻҪ޴󰭾ͺá
ڵֶܼã
ɳ޿ɺŵ
ڼƽձӶѩƽٶ㣬໹аͻִǱԭıԵ󣬿¾ɽҲԶˣ
ŶȸµĲԥһ£Ŀɨڵˣڳ
佫Ļڣ˵ɫӳˣɳ޿ɺƤ
ּѾͻ˲أţЩ̽˵£񱴼Ӷļ٣ͻʺֱ֣֮Ӵ½ϱĨ
εĺԶĻҪصö࣡
£ٵˣȥͻʺܴܲڶһ⣡
֮뾡Ͱɽϣ
ǳϾΨдƣڻ̩֮û̫ܵĳǻ˴ʳΨΨһĻᡣ
̫ǿƣʱǾװǵģֻкϣϣͳ֮һ·£ռƣӱⳡƽ٣ȫͻʺ
Ψһİ취
һͻʽ̲סƼž
Ŷȸֵ۹󽫶ܶ˵ļһ٣ͻʺмֵܹ
£ˣ٣ϲͻΨһĳ·
ǸԤԣΨϷΨһ·
ᶽͽҲŷ׷׸͡
ԭϵԤԣᵽͻʵĩպƽ٣ᵽһ㣬ǡ
û֪Ԥԡʲôʱ򴫳ģȷȷʵʵԤҲᵽϷΨһ

˵ʱһƿͻȻ洫ֻƬ̣һֻ˶ĺշ£ѩС
ͻȻĶ˵ע⣬һ˫˫Ŀ׷˹ȥ
£ݵš
ڣһϢ佫º࣬ż㣬ֻǿһۣڵ
仰ڣնʱ΢


ڶǧһٶʮ ţ
ϴһ˵𣿡
ɳ޿ɺڵɫƽû˿⡣
ǣ
佫˵ͷ֮ǰѾյܶϢˣȫɳ޿ɺѹ£ʯ󺣡
֪ˡ
ɳ޿ɺֻǵӦһûٶ˵
ڣڽ֮УA˺ʧϿһۣжʱһ˿Ĭɫ
ʣˡ
ͻȻAվһһɫ
ʱңѵðɽԼŴǼǵʱ򡣶Ҵ︷ᣬǵĴԶǶöֻ࣬нƣǶȹѹõİ취
£ȻᣬϣĩΪ˵ûϲϣңѳɣҪԸƣõĻᡣұ²֮ǰĳɣ
ʱһ𣬴Aԣ󽫾ʧҲ˵ˡ
һǺδĿɺһǺ󽫾һȫͬˡ
رһ䣬ɳ޿ɺҲƤ͵
¼һвɳ޿ɺɽֱӱɳ޿ɺİ鱻֪ΪЦҲɳ޿ɺΪ衣
Ҽû£ͻʺʹҲǳУ˫֪˶ٴս֪ͻʿС
Ϊԭϵĵɳ޿ɺչͼҰģһҪͻʺ壬ʼͻƲȥһ
ͻʺΪֹͻʴԭһ顰СС򡱣ʹҲĪϵ
ɳ޿ɺͻˣźʹ֮ĳޣֻƽʱû˻˵ˡ
ֻǴơ
뵽ɳ޿ɺвһ£ûȥ
£ɣ
ֻҪͻˣûвƵģֻǴһʱһʱʳ˵³Ҷˡ
ʳۼʮľй̫ǿߣдʡܶԼħ;޾ǿҰУһ·򵽰͸۹𣬹Ҳ˶Ͼ
λʣǵܲܺʹʳᲢۣǵľûдʳôǿʢ£ǳɹҲͰˣʧܣʳ˶ұƾʲôԣ
ңһ𹥴ƣɹҲͰˣʧܣֻµʱ˲أҲҪūۣΪū
ʱһͻ佫ͻȻڣǡ
ⷬӪ佫׷ױɫ
ȷʵţȴǿʵǰ֮֮ʦһսܣ롣
ƣ
һ̣һʧĿ絶˹
üޣǲˣѵҪʹί𣿡
۹ţ㾹Ȼڰŵ˵Ҫˣ˵ǲ˺ô˰˵
˵ϵһʧ϶İϵĳʣ¶һ룬ĵĹâ
󽫾
һĻ˴ʧɫ׷ǰֹʧϡڣȰͻ佫Ҳرɫ
ߣ󽫾ֻҪ˵һ䡮ᵶնɱ壬ȡͷ­ͻʺ£Ҷ˼ڣ˱ضȫ֧㣬ˡ
Դ󽫾ֻǾ֮ͣɣ
ͬʱʵĽУڽ󷽣һǴ󽫶˼ͻȻڣޱȡ
˼һܾ֮廰أ˹֮սȫû㻹˵
ʧ˫һУ
쵰
ⷬ˼Ȼŭȭͷ졣
˹֮սƣͻʺĵλҲһǧɡôҪľۻᣬ˼λ󽫾ŵĩβѾ˵⡣
ˣ
˵ִɳ޿ɺԽķ꣬͵һֹˣ
ұ죡
ৣ
ɳ޿ɺŭɲǼ䣬ڣڽһݣз׷һ˿ηɫһͷԶʧϺͶ˼ˡ
һ飬ʧϺͶ˼ִ֮ϿΧǷ˶ִʵϣ˶֪ʵΧĻӺʹչĻȨ֮
ˮôδ֣ʲôͽ𣿡
ɳ޿ɺͻͻüģͻȻŤͷԶһӰ
鲢Խ¡
Զˮ۴أһԣɫƽһڵжôңˮΪ
ⷬһ˲䣬ɳ޿ɺüͷ
ˮͻʺλȻҲһ֧Ļӣ񺮳٣綼ٱвˮǱȴûκͣʵǲ

ɳ޿ɺ˼ʱһƿⲻԶĵطֻƬ̣һͻսʿץһֻǿԾѵŸ룬Ҵ˽
ɺš
սʿ߽ϥأֻ˵һ仰Χ˲ɫ

˵ܲٲܲپ͵
ǰŲյɽĴߴٽ˵źžյƵţ
ʱҲͰˣƫƫ۽δûʱ
һ˲䣬ڣ˵ɫ΢Ž˵ĴӺʧ϶üͷ
쵰
ʧϰȭͷһ˿պɫ
ڶûʢ类顣
ʱôҲ֪ضĽȻ鲻ж𾪣⣬ֻҪ島Ϲϵ˲䶼֮ˡ

ɳ޿ɺɫ
⡭
佫еż㣬ԥ
ͻʺƷֻҪǺصż㣬;ʲôݣȻҲһ
ɺҪ˵ͿˣҪһһ
ʱһӶдһֱڵأûô˵ĺˮͻȻڵ
ǣ
ͻ佫ԣɴ⣬һ
λ˵Ѿ֪ͻʴԭϷ飬ҲԸṩͻʺʹã˫ҲӦñִͳȥ
Ը⻮һôԭϵǨܱѩͬʱҲԸṩһֵʳȼͻʡ
ͻ佫˵̧ͷ͵͵Ƴһڵˡ
һɲǣһƬžⲿݵʱ˵ɫֵֹģǳ΢
ͻʺʹã
λƵ
ͻʺʹƸִССġƴûмǧҲٳˣ⻰Ҳƭȥɣ
ʱҲûȥƣںĲ֣ԸͻǨṩһֵʳò˵еͻʽ춼Ϊ⡣
ֻҪλ΢е˽˶֪ʵ̫ķˡ
µڱĺ£֪ΪʲôĲ


ڶǧһٶʮ ͻʣʵ֮
쵰ʲô
ɳ޿ɺüͻͻҲЩղ׼˼
Σܾô򵥡
ȻֻƬ̣ͻ佫˺һݡ
ŶݱһЩѵңͻʺʹֵ֮ͻҲһֵܾ֮
ͻ佫һ䣬ͻȻһƬţ˵ɫþޱȡ
Ȼ
֪ûϵڱĺ£еһжд۵ġ
ɽǱϣ£ͻʹƣǱߣ£ͻʣѰǶԸ
Ȼûһյʡ͵ĵư
ɳ޿ɺаһ˵ĸо
ôʹǱߵ̬࣬ͻĳ̶ֳڶʹ֮ҷԴһջ
٣ͻʺⷽȨ
𣿡
ɳ޿ɺɫ滺࣬ڵ
⡭
ͻ佫һۺݣֹ
ôˣ滹ݣ
ɳ޿ɺüͷһоЩԾƺĻЩ롣
⣬Ƶһλ˵ɺʲô֮Ը⵽ɽԺͿɺ̸һ̸
佫˵ţż㷴泯ˡ
һ˿żϣɽ̸˶ޱȣԱִֹ
ৣ
ǼǿĴ֣׹׷Ʋͷȥɳ޿ɺɫҲѿޱȡ
Ū˰죬ƵǸ쵰Ȼһ㶼û䣡
ǸһΪʲôͻȻתˣ˺˵ͻôõӦһﻹвҪɽ
Ǳ仯࣬˼ǰһģһ

Щ̵ʱʵӶӰһͷѩƿӣӺ˽
ʣң
ڵˣͶһ

Ļӽ˶һ
ôǹϢΪĻӵĵࡣ
ɣ
ɳ޿ɺܿعޱָָǰԶһλ
ǣ
Ͷûжʣ﹪¡
Һ͵۹Ӧαֵ飬ƺǱ߶ż㣬Ҫ£ǣôͻʺӦüˣͶƣ
ɳ޿ɺҲûж˵˸ƣȻ˽ŵݵ˺ͶС
һɲǣڰ˵ĿⶼеλĻӵϡ
һ࣬AЦһҲĬĬĿ˵
һδ¹ͻʺԼҪλĵ˵һʲô
ٴα΢
˶֪A˺ĻӺͶ̬ⷬ͹۵㣬ܾܿ;ǽڵ۹λãԼͻʺ˺
ʱ򣬾ˮҲͬ˺Ͷ⡣
ھĵģ˶ס˺
һ࣬ĻӺͶ⿴ⲻͬż㣬ͬһرŷĩβǾ仰ͶҲüͷ
ֻһ˲üͷܿչ
ĵܣԤеľô
һڴAһֱעźͶ⣬Ͷϵ飬ͻȻڵǼ
ͶԤ֮ͻʺȻǸܣ˺ˮԼĴ壬󽫾֮⣬֪˲࣬Aǡǡ֮һҲǡǡA˶ԭ
λǼԸԲѷĵܣ£㲻ỹͶưɣ
Aǳ
һ࣬A˵Ļ˼ͺ³Ҳֺ֧Ͷ˶ʱɫ
Aⷬն񣬱ػģֻҪͶ˵ִ֧ƣ͵Ƕɳ޿ɺ
ͻʺȼɭϣƾⷬͶ̳пɺλá
öģ
һ࣬˼ɫأ
ƾA˻벻ֻʮа˾šʧڱָʹ
˼ŤͷѸA˺󷽵ʧϡ
ֻʧɫ̰壬Σһʲôû
Ƕ˼ȴ촽΢΢˶ͬһʱ䣬ʧƺҲʲô̧ͷ˶˼һۣܿ첻ԡ
֮ء
A˵˼ͻ佫˶տڲûʱ졣
֣ΪҪʲôѵǺͻ˵ĴֻߣΪ˽˵ĸҪԽͻʺĴ֮ϣΪʽټĿʲô
ڣͶ⿪ˣ˵ĵһ仰Aɫޱ䣺
⣬ҲƵ²裬ѵҾҪ˺ʹƴԣ˿ͻ˵£ѡսܣݺ˭е
ⷬ˵Ȼ৵һ£󷽵ʧ϶ıɫAҲ˲ʧȥЦݡ
ͶⷬԶĻҪϬ
룬ɳ޿ɺҲüͷ΢壬˼
ʣͻʺȷʵʹźĳԹǵ֮ǽµĴ󺮳ͱѩڹǿʢļıѾﵽ˰֮ڣԶǰ죬¹ϵǿʥıϣ½˿⡣ȱûнڹǣһǺ׼ƣǵȥĻᣬʱƻӱͻ˵֣֮
ϣ˼
Ͷܿתͷ˶ɳ޿ɺϿޱȡ
ͶĻɳ޿ɺҲΪ֮ݡ
Ͷ׽ƣں֪ڣҲֻһʣǺͶⷬȴûе

ɳ޿ɺı飬A˺ʧо
ʲɡ
A˻˵ʲôɳ޿ɺֱǾһֻƣֹ
˫΢գ΢ͷһƺ˳˼֮С
ģ˶ס˺֪ɳ޿ɺľ
λ͵ǵ޶Ѿ֪
ãɳ޿ɺ۾ڿˣ
顭պɣ

ⷭڣ˴Ϊ⣬϶¶һ˿㵵ɫ
Ȼⷭ˭Ҳûϵġ
ȥɣ
ɳ޿ɺһӣɵ
ǣ
Ȼʲôɳ޿ɺѾҲɵͷ
˺ܿ˳ȥA˺ͺͶ⻥࿴һۣ˶ԷĨĹâֻһ˲˾ͻعͷ뿪ʡ
ѩĮĮХ
֪˶ãȵ˶߹⣬һֱڵϣϹ۵ĺˮڻվ
»ŶԸƣ
ˮƲߵɳ޿ɺߡ


ڶǧһٶʮ ǰ߱ݣ׼
һξۻᣬ޼աܶ˻ΪɳǱ߶ԴƻЩ룬ˮȴɳĵ뷨ʵһֱûб
ǣ
ʱûˣɳҲΣ
ʵӦöףκʱ򣬴ƶͻʵĴУңǵǸͰɡ
ˮû˵ӿֻ΢΢˵ͷ
ԭһһ̫ԶһͣҲɳ޴С֪ġ
ģһͣǡĵĸӡԭϣԭ߳Σ
ҲĻӵλصԭ
ֻЩЩʲǿ޻ٲһѣܹƣ˵ǾͣͻҲ³Ϊ½صˣ
ɳ޿ɺ˫֣ڵ
Ȼ֪ƵǿҲ֪ƾͻʺܶԿǸǿĴƣɳ޿ɺվЩ޷ͻ
ƬԭϣɺʵҲǼģһɲ䡣
Ȼ֪ɳ޿ɺһʵǴԭˡ
ȻڵĴԭϣܶ˶Ѿˣɳ޿ɺȴһֱǵãǰƬĴԭʵֻһֳ֣ɶƬĴϣҲֻһ۹
ֽͻʵ۹
ۼһ𣬹綫ȻΪ֮ӴƵ۹Ľ£ɪɪ
Ӹ׿ŵЩµʱаģһ죬ΣҪͳһͻʺҶҡĵ۹Ϊ½˫ӴĴڡ
ֻϧһ־ֻԻ˺ܶݵʱ䣬ڶ⵽˸ľѻ
һл᳹׵ĻܶͻʺͳһԭǸʱĶͻʺҵʱֻϧƵ۹вһ㣬󹦿һ
򶫣ϣÿһطܵѻҶֱӻӵĶʹйϵ
ɴ˱һλسɵĿɺ
ΪһĵվЩġ
չ鲻ô׵Ľƣ
չ黹ٵһȣһлأ

ˮҲֻһ̾
ɳ޿ɺҰĺԸûж֪һֱ֪ġ
ȻˣҲ޻˵ɺ㰴Լɣ
һ󺮷Ʈںܿͻָ˼ž

ңԶľʦ
һƬţȻʱ˿̣Ĵ֮УȴǵŽգһɹϵĴӴд
͸ϸȥͻᷢһۣڴ֮
Ϣ糱ϵķӿһâϵıںڰ֮ӳճεȼҾģԼһӵӰӣΪģϸ۲ͻ֣ᷢԲʮڣŤģ֮͸һ΢ʱղ
ʱʱһϸ΢ʱѷ죬ָװʱͨ
ǲ˼飡
УͻȻһޣľ̾
ԭʱչ򣡡
ʱ˿̣ϸ֪ͻ֣ᷢıȻڴ֮Уһʶ͸ʱյ
һν뵽ʱյ硣
֮ǰʱ忴һһ滭ʲô忴ľʲô
һ̣еѾһűĻֽһġᡱ
һθ֪Ƿֳɶεģһһ㣬̺İأǰֽ˺һѷΪʱա
ߵķḻ̶ȫһϡ
š
ľʶһ˿ʱչ޾ʱΡ
һʱչͺ˩ŷݵ˿һǣ̽ⷽеİȫ֤
ʱ̫嫣Ҳ̫ӣʱյĽṹҲǷǺڼ׵ĵһɣЩռ˴˵һ𣬾ͬҳһ㣬еĿռ伫Ϊ飬˴ȴܵؾۼһͬһʯ·һ㣬ʱԹһ޾κ޾ʱǰԵüΪС
ľʶвϡƯ޾Ϣ˷ӵԺ֮С
״̬£ʱյ̶ȼǳʼα
۲ʱգ֪ʱգʱգʱաӦþͨ쾳ļС磬һ˵ӦǴﵽʱյС磬Ҳνİ벽ɣ

п֣пŵǰһֱΪԼ̫ǬĶ쾳ܹʱչĴڣνİ벽졣
ʱԼܵõ̫ǬĶģȴûպգΪãֻǸոܹ۲쵽ʱչѣǳľ磬ǵ䣬ͼ뿪ǰĵһȴ˶Ĵţ̫ǬĶ
ڶʱյʶ͸ǰȫر
ʥµıʼᵽ΢쾳أ֮بһ޴ĺ蹵ҪԽ蹵Ѷ֮󣬲ڵ졣
ȴһָо̥֮ٹһʱ䣬ԼͿˮɣ˳ؿԽ蹵һͻƶ쾳
ʱ仺ȥȫУʱͣؼȡ֪ʶ

֪˶ã΢΢һ£صʱո˲ʧľʶҲ糱ˮأ»ع鵽塣
˫һѩĹâţһйڼž
һε
ߵߵߵ
ʱһͻȻӵͬһʱ䣬ߴȸ
үҪ
䣡
һһ̣صĵźȻŴһӰܿ˽
үǰ߱ݴϢеһѾȫλˣھ͵үˣ
ȸ
Ŷ
ԣжزһ£漴һܿվ
Ѿʱˣ
һ˫΢գͬһʱ䣬һգʼϵԶǧ֮һ̥
ȻڸУ̥뿪˾ʦ
Դӵõ̥֮ջ񣬾ǿԡ㲻ʱسκεط

ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ңԶĶһɽϣһ
ǰѩƮ㣬ǺХĺ磬أԶȾʦҪ͵öࡣ
㣡ץʱ䣬һҪ޶֮ǰɣ
ú̿Ҫú̿
飬ӿٶȣ

һߴٵǵأܼޱȣؼСѩС
ϣ
ͬʱһս˻׵С
̧ͷȥ
ǰһӴķ£һž޴ֲڵľ̡һ޴ĻΣƬضΧ
ʹͨʽͬʹõľȫһ˶ߣҼܼޱȣκ߶η
Щͼ̺󷽣һt̨ܲأÿһt̨ߴʮףפĵ֣ʱ̹۲ܣеҪͻϮ»Զ߰ͻᱻǰ֡
һ޴浹˻ͣú̿͸ɲȼš
պХѩƮ䣬Ȼûпͱ˿ˡ
ǧĴĹˣԴ


ڶǧһٶʮ ݣ
ֱͦ㣡ϾҪˣսҲ𣿡
ץΣȵɱʱ򣬿û˹䲻䣡
һֳٴһ飡
飬ٴμһǵĹ
ӪأһһŵĲֳһУһĴѲڻܲز
ڴ룬˺ɫĴں裬һ˳죬һצ졣
˴̫ٱúͬ޴󽫾˼ľӡ
ǰأ
Ժһͷܿع
ǰ߻ء
ССһ򣬵ĿǰΪֹѾۼ˳ʮ֮ʢ󣬸˵ﻹúͰ˼λʵǿĴ󽫾
ݣ
뵽嶸һðؼķѩǰȥ
ؿռ䣬ڻصǰһűĶдڶǰˣӴϢ籩һԶԶ
̫ٱúͬ޴󽫾˼
ˣ
ͬ޴󽫾˼ǰйâһٿƥͭսԾǰȥ
󷽣̫ٱ΢ɲص˵ͷҲ͵һȥ
ֻʱ䣬ھӪ߰ɵĵطλƶͳ˧ۼһ
׼𣿡
ûйĺѣסսʵ
šǱѾ𣿡
̫ٱõ
û˵ֻһóǵơ
ӻжõ
һԣ˼Ҳһ֣ص
֮ڣضȫִ
ս
仰úͰ˼һ
ǰѾۼʮݵؽݵʮи߾ͻʺɺı򣬽ǰصʮԶԶġ
ǵȵĺľƾֽȻͬ
ݣ
һ࣬ȴûͣ˵Ǿ仰һλ۹м䴩ǰء
úͰ˼࿴һۣҲѸٸȥ
ǰص룬ԣ֮ͼ˻Ķʦȫһǰսϵ塣
ү
˷׷׹ĬĬȴ
ΧһƬžĿȴؿռ䣬ңԶݷ
濴һƬƽȴظоƽǹɳŨɷ
ȫļʱݵؽҲ
ѾΪ˵۹Ļ
ɽһΣҾ͸һľϲ
ɫ΢䣬Ժ˲Ϣӹһͷһ̣һӣ¡
ʼɣ
¡¡
һ̣ضҡ´ʱ½ĸҲ֮仯
飡
ΧǰУյһѰش£ɲǼ䣬һѿ֮ǰ͵ǰжڻľ޴ľ׷״򿪣¶һһ޴ĸģ顣
ѾһʹֶˣһΣȴ֮ǰκһζͬ
ϣ
£Ǳ䣬Ũ̺ͻ
ʼֻһ¯ĸƬ̵Ĺ򣬳ɰǧ¯ȫȼܻ档

ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һɹɹ̵ˮޱȣһۣӿ
һ̣ǰأͬһͷѹĸޣȫת
һһһ˶ߣ޴ĸģѸٴľвһר͵ƳԼק£Լٶǰصĸ䡣
ǰĸģ鲻ͬһĸģɫڣȸǳǰĸģһֹ
ϸȥЩһĸģ涼һȦȦϸܷĻƣһġ
Щĺͷ֮ԻӦƺ˴֮䶼ĳӴ󷨵һ֣ӵá
䣡
һȦȦ͵ľ󷽣ģʹ֮󣬺ܿͱӿˮк£ֻյĹһߴ֮صĳԾ˵ٶȽͣȻǵڶ桢桭
ЩΧսʿææµµ̶ӲûһĹǰ߻رԵһºΰ̵ĸǽʹ޵Ѹٳˡ
ֹˣ޾ĸߴ£ݡݡݽ紦ӴΧڣһºɫĸǽѸٳͣһڲϼӸߡ
ڻֻһ򵥵ĳΣȴһӴѹ
ϣ
Զս˻һر΢΢¡ɽ󣬼ǰص͵۾
ʲôҪʲô
ЩϽȥ
˵ţתͷѸԶ۶ȥ
Ӻܳʱˣڴ֮ǰǰأһЩͼ̣һЩ˽˳֮⣬ϣÿı仯
һȴȫͬһҡض½ĸо

¡¡
ǰȫʱ򣬴غǾ޴Ķһ·ݵش
У޴ɳǰɽǬӡáСݵľɼڴˣϸԴƵսԡ
Ҳʱ
ô£
ɽüͷ΢壬̧ͷ
ǡϷ򣡡
Ҳоɶ
ɵãеĲҲǼޱȣܣ£ֶ
٣ⲻһܹġ
ϣҳȥ
ɽ۾УͻȻ֮䣬һ˦뿪ɳ̣󲽳ŵȥҲ߳ȥ
ϷûмǴǴǰڵķ

߳ɲǣһɺѩĭϯҵͬи
壡


ԶԶģϵƽߴһģޣ˳㣬ϴ˼ͣϸ˺Ȼɳǧ˵ź۶ɡ
һ˲䣬˷׷ױɫ
ѾܾûĶˣǱߵ׷ʲô
գ
ҲɻʱͻȻһ󼱴ٵԶȥֻһѩ죬ɫŵسﱼ

Ϸжǰйȫǽ
һϥأּֿ
ʲô
ɽüͷɻ
ĸУʱҲһ⡣
ǽ
ʲô˼
ƵǰУѾ˾;ͼ
һǽʲôֵôС֣
Ҳ֪ô򵥣ӣҲ֪ЩçЩ˵
ߣǹȥ

ǰɽд⡣ֻƬ̣˷Ѹǰصķȥ
һ·ϣԽԽһ뻮һĺ˶಻ѡ


ڶǧһٶʮ ݣ
ǰˣ
ǰŵָǰ
ʮľ룬Ƭ֮ԶԶģڿϵǰء
ƮķѩУһīĳǽԶԶڴϡ
ֻǺ㱨ĲͬǰΧǵǽֻһ˶ߣʮ׸ߣƻֺ꣬һּӾ
ôܣ
Զƽϣɫѵĸ߸߳ǽȥŵ͵صɴ۾Ĳš
ǰһһأҲֻһʱѣǵȥʱĳǽûнɣҲֻһ˶ߣͬʱҲûôӴơ
ǻʱôͱ仯ôֱ࣬š
䣡
ԶǰŨ̹ڷѩֱһϴС
ɽСáǬӵ˿ȻһĻɫ׷ױޱȡ
쿴
ʱõĿɨԶͻȻָһ߸ߵ꣬е
Ƶǰػвپ룬վһϣΨһܹǰڲεĵط
˾ȥܿĶˡ
⣡
˵궥ˣĸǽ֮ǰڲΣ׼һ̣Ҳɻһ𣬸оһǿҵ𶯡
ƹؿռ䣬Ŀӹǵǽ¿ȥֻǰڲͬҲһƬæһ֮ǽݺύгУ鲼ڲһɭޱݵĸо
Ѿʲô֮ǽһ޽еģӴĸǳأ

ӹ궥һƬĬֻ·Ʈһɲ˿ǰоһ͸ĺ⡣
֮ǣ
ڤڤУԺӹһͷı֮⣬һµ
ֻ˳ǽ֮ǲͬǰ֮ҪӴĵö࣡
ߣѾӦó֮Ϊ֮ˣӦó֮Ϊݣ
һ֮УҽȾ˵ĸݣ

ʱһУ󷽣Կͷ˿ĭǰֹ
ڳһӵͬ뷨ģԶֹһǬӣ޵ͬ͸Ǻɱ
ԲЩ쵰ȥƤӵ޽ķ£
ҪֹڽõĻᡣ
һҷӽܵ𣿡
ǰɽͻȻڵ
һƬĬõ
У
ɬޱȡ
ϢԼѲ߷飬֮֮ڣ˱̽ӣûκҷսʿټ
궥ˣ˶ʱĬˡ
ݿʱ̫ˣǡ׼׵֮ǰ
ңǱΪûнڹݣԲһָ߾ϭģʱںʹʽѣǱҲٲκεĹ˼ɣ
һʼյľս
ǿԼ򵥵ġ
У
ɽ΢۾ǰûлͷ
û˵ͬ˼
ȵȣڲǳֵʱ򣡡
Ƭ̺󣬸е𣬵ȴû˿ԥ
СҴı¾Ǻʹƶֵʱ
ңһ֮仹ֻʱһ£˻ûϣҪǣ˽ҲжǱǲʲô塣
ڵ˽
쵰
еĻɽɫ̲סݺݵȭͷ
ӵʮ޾䣬ĳ佫ϣҷĴӪ֮УڵȣԶ֮ϣȻҪ
ֱд
ʱ˿̣֪ǰر仯Զֹɽˡ
߾۹شԨĴһԼľװۣϵԣԶĶɫҲޱȡ
ǴƵǰ߻أͻʮ
պҪսԨôܲɱȥ졣
ڿʼˣ
Ҫ˶ãǾҪĽսˣ
ԨֽԶоңԶĶ΢΢ĴزԼͻȻĴƬỤ̃Ժӹһͷ
ΪֹûмλƵ
گ˹ءͻʡʳλĹУѾܱĹңڸ߾ͶͻʣɺΪԭ򣬷Уûк巢κδģֱӵĳͻ
һѾΪʷ
ܿ죬е۹λƵΪУһռľս
սûпʼԨľѾоһѹ
ǰǸδɵСӣӮ֮սҲڡ
ǰģѾǸδɵġһǿģ¹ϵģʥ
Ѿˣ𣿡
ԨŶбһǿҵս־
ʲôҲȴǿҵĸоλ£ʳ½ĵһλʥܿѾִ˶

ս¡Ҫʼ𣿡
ͬһʱ䣬һ򣬶ͻʵʥɽϣʩɺ˫֣ͻʵĴ󽫴߳ͬ
һı仯ֹ˰ɽԨģҲͬλͻʵ۹ͳߡ
ͻʵɳ޿ɺͬʩɺȻ˵꣬ȴҪö࣬һŨܵڡĿ⣬³һҰԺԡ
ʩɺһƬм̳жͻʺλģҼλʱҪɳܶ࣬ҲûɳִڵĴܸУɱֽȡԺҰģҰطצԶ
ϱߵı仯ͬС
ɺǱ߿ҪĶˣ
ʱһһƲڻѩϵһӰȫףߵ˹ɺԶĵط
Ŀӥǹˣ³˱ըԵǶͻʵĴ󽫾
ͳսԣʵڶͻô꣬۷ʱڵثΣܹһһζסثĹѾ˵ʵ
ǲСͻȻЩףΪʲô̫׺ʹʳˣ
˹ɺգ۾ڵ
Ϸ˵ġԤеĻҪö֮࣬Ƶ˵ǿƣһһԽԽ죬˵ѹҲԽԽ
ھͿɽǱôˣ
˹ɺݵķ૵
ˣ԰ɽΪס
ܰɽֻǴһӵصһ߽ԶʲôۻʣҲ޷˹ɺԨһȣǶλãûκ顣
ֻдƵ˲ŶԴ˽⡣
һ

ʱ˿̣һ࣬ǰ֮УӦó֮Ϊǰˡ
Ϊڵ岻ֻǽһأҲǼ򵥵÷£Ľһɭϵıݡ
ݲֹо̣Ȧĸߴǽڻ˶⻹Ӵĳǳؽṹ
һܹ߰ʮӴǳء
ǧñһʱ
Ϊ˸ɽһϲǰڲɫнǽڲǳؽṹеþȫ˵ǰС
ǧĸ͵ǰ֮Уһ̫ٱúͰ˼֮ǰûע⵽


ڶǧһʮ ݽɣ
˼飡
һӴıʱھͰεض𣬲ҳ߳Σһ̾úͰ˼оһ𺳡
ֻ˵Ҫǰ߲һһǧأȴû˵ҪһƵĸݡ
ܲǵһκ岢սֶصս񣬻˸о𺳡
ݣǾĿڶȽŸݵӦˣ
˼ƥͬԣɫƽȴӹ
ֶβֹö֣ͬЩҲ𺳡
¡¡
ʱ˿̣غڶ崣һƥսϣȴûעúͰ˼
Ŀ磬֮ƿǰ߱еĽ
ֻǳǽͳǳأϸȥͻ֣ᷢЩݱеͬʱӪ֮УڽһӴģֻ˲֪Ӵ󷨡
Σ
һ󺮷紵屳ԣĿһתȴ䵽˲Զϡ
ٵģ֮ʷǰĴײһ¶³ǽڲķԶԶġ
ҲὫеϣڵĸϡ
Ѿˣֻ㽫ƴɣͻ᳹γɣ
˳
ҪһǰδеĸӴ󣬴ɳǧϸС󹹳ɣֻһ֡
ݴͻ᳹ɣ֮ͽˣ
嵭
˵ʱһܴǰת֮䣬ԭѾߴʮ׵ĸǽȻּӸһ㣬ԵԽĺΰ׳
ǰ߱ۿɼٶȼ깤
ţ
һԣ˵˵ͷҲķĶŷѩ֮ȻĳҲд
ݼ˵ĽǶҲǼ𺳵ģûмκַʽǳأҷΧӴ󣬵࣬һȴɡ
һƵϹ񹤣
ֲֿĽ켼Ͳ磡
嵹ûעô࣬һаȥ׼õжһ̡
ˣ
ͻȻƤһ̧ͷ˳ǳر档
ɽ
ͫһı˲١
һɲǣȻ۾ûпȴ͸ؿռ䣬ڱңԶһطоһϤϢ
һ̣û˷ӦһΣΪһʧԭأٴγֵʱѾڱĸݺĳǽϡ
ͬʱԶԶģ߸ߵϣɽҲͬʱоʲô͵̧ͷ˹ȥ
쵰
ɽһ£ɫıѿޱȡ
ɫһʼʱûӦһ̣ɽַߺ޵ɫ뵽ʲôʱ׹

ɫһ׷Զ˭Ҳû˵
䣡
һ̣һһӴϢųԶĳǽϣһ̤˲ͷϵϢһɾ
ǹɾƺƵ޼ɵͬһͨأʮҲܿ
ҡ
ǹɾ͸һƵζ
ߣ
߸ߵĳǽϣЦһ˲佫ԼϢ߷˼㡣
ͬʱ֮꣬Уһʮ׵˵ĺ¶Ȼһ޴ӭƮչϵġְڷѩ֮ɢһǿѹ˷
ৣ
ԼǸ˾޴ģϣɽСǬԼõɫͻ䣬ѿޱȡ
˵֮ǰֻµеĻôڣѾľ޴˧죬򶫱йչʾԼĴڡ
˶
ɽ²±ʲôʱȡ㹷
ͬʱһǿʶգǵĮ˿飬ͻȻ긽
쵰
ǾӸ£ӵ޲ŭɫ
Ķδ̫޼ɵˣ
ΪｨһݣǾκβ
ֻҪҷսʿʹټݺıһӵϣ彨ټ̣Ҳһסǡ
ߣ
ʱ򣬰ɽȻתһͷҲصسԶ۳Ҷȥ
ڻǺʱ򣡡
̫ʼڻָ֮УڻĶ֣ȵһ׼׵ʱٽǸʵһɱ
ɽԶ
СҴı̵һʱ裬Ӯյü
һҪΪĿۣ
ߣٶ죡
׹˸βʣҲ֪ھ£嶯³çʱ
գ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬˿ӱޣ֮ǰʧ˺֮С
һ࣬ԣվڸ߸ߵıϷܸоõɽѸٵԶݣ岢û׷ϡ
ɽ˼ΪƻͣǴطＫԶ׷ȥҲ㹻ʱѡ
ҰɽߵĸûʼǸȻưɽɽǱҲ˵û׼
ӿٶȣܿҪִˣ
عͷ
ǣ
˺Ӧ
䣡
ڣ¯ĺԽˣ쳹أƮؼԶ
У崣ڳͷݣһֻȴԽı䡣
ֻʣһͻʻûнˣ
ڤڤУԺһͷ
ȵĸݽɣڶĸͳȹ̣ڵϣѾ˿ѷɫԼܱˡ
Ψһûȷģͻʺ
ѾյϢص˰ɽֻͻҲɿڣеǳ޴սҾͻ
ţɽǱһæ£ͻʺ
ֻΣ嶼ɹ
ţתͷͻʺķ
һɲǣ絶Ŀ·𴩹ؿռ䣬޾Զ

䣡
֮󣬶𶯣ĸڳ׽ɣ

ʱ仺ȥµıѩԽӶִԭ߽֮ƽٶƺͻȻŻࡣ
½磬϶ڵ֣һƬƽȻ˽£ҵĳϣȴǰӿսţ˵ĿⶼԼͬؾͻʴԭ
ѩӣǰȣͻʴԭϵԽĵˡ
ɽѩĮĮһӶͻɽ·ɳ۶ƬȴԽļžˡ
ھɽԶĵطһźƤëĽɫڣ̿ܣ˼б壬һӣĺžơ
ԶĵطһŽµӣڷ顣
Ĳͻʵ伮һƵġҪ


ڶǧһʮһ ӵɱ
ⱾʮǰһƵչԱģ̫ڻʵλʮеһЩΡϵشʩݹ㷺漰Ρáµȷ棬۾ϵʹܡӰ˼ΣΪص㡣
ĻӺͶҲǷ˾ţ֮ŵõ顣
£Ѿüëˣ㻹˼￴飡
˼ƤеľˮһһԱߵĺͶ⣬ֱҡͷ
ʹʵѾƳˮصѾʲô󺮳ˣǿɺ֮λᣬǲŹģ
˼ı⣬ҲͶƵģԸ֮ʲôϵֻϧѾ·ߣʧϵƣһʧץסᣬԥظɵ
˼Ҫɽ𣬾ֻܰĻӺͶ⣬Ͷơ
󽫾αţƻԶûеһҾٽ÷Ļǻᷢ侲˼Բߡ
ͶΣֱͦɫݵ
ҿ¡㲻
ߣҶ
ʱһޱȣͻȻӪ
ͶзĶһͣɫ΢䡣
һ࣬˼ɫһݣͬеƤֱ
ৣ
ֻʱ䣬ɫӱһɴƿһѩЮŹĺӿ룬ӪȼյĻ˲࣬һľ̿͵졣
⣬ϢӰһǰһ󣬴˵ƴ˽
֣
Ͷһϳǰͷˡ
ʧϣ
˼Ҳüͷһϳ˺󷽸߽ʧϡ
Ӫڵ˲
ͻʺڵĻλ֮ԽԽңA˺ĻӺͶ֮ìͻʺ˾֪ڶ˼ʧϣ˹֮ս֮ǰ֮һֱ̫Ը໥ӡ
磡
Ļæе鼮ӭӡ
˼ȻٰĲԸҲֻܸվ
ߣ
һҲûж˵ֱƹͶ⣬ߵ󣬺Ļԭλȥ
ʧ糤󲽣ͬ߹ȥA˵վ
ͶͶ˼üͷ˭û˵
ĵܣû뵽ǰոټڽ֮ʱ㾹Ȼҹִ֧ƣԺΪԼʧϴ󽫾ԣ
A̧ͷɨһۣЦ
ͶͶ˼Զһ߲ƣʦˡ
֣ͶⲢ޶⣬ʱǾ°ˣԴ֡
Ͷ
ҿƴ󣬱ǿ׳ܱԴֻǸִԶ֮ϣҴλԣ񣬾궼ɵޱȣ½繫ϵıʥ£мܹᲢۡ
֮ս˹֮ս֮սһδսռžԵƣһһͿأһΣǺ֣ľսʤƣ
ͶⲢҪƫ̻ƣֻǾ£ԶԶ˵ĸ飬ϣ⡣
Ļӵ˵ٴһ
ǿǶ
ȻԤϣͶ䣬AһֹAĿ㶢źͶ⣺
ʲô棬ȫһɺԣʹѾͨһΪҲ֪𣿡
磡
סڣ
AվҧݺݵĶźͶ⣺
˵ô࣬ʵҪɺ֮λԲԣ
Ǽ䣬ӪһƬžA΢۾ɱԼеĵ⡣
ͻ˲ѭ˵ףûһ˵ŷʵ˵Ψǿ˲ܵϴ֮λ
ҲʹлӶ˳Ĳ뵽ɺ֮λ֮УͶ⡣
ͶҺһֽ˺Ƭ
֣Ҳ֪˵ʲôͶⲢֶԿ
ãͶƼžٴοڵһ˵ţһٴιһ
һĻAԽı䣬󷽣ʧĿ絶ͬɨźͶ⣬ԼԱߵĶ˼
A˵ô࣬ҪƺͶⷢŭ˳ýһֱӸɵǺͶȻΪ֮Ҳнڣûκβ֮ʹAȻĵѣȴ޴֡
ԭϵˣԴͶ⾹Ȼ˺ò˵ʧ϶൱⡣
ԽˣʧϾԽ޷̺Ͷ⣬ӺͶͻʺľǾԲĻӺʹһġ
ӪһƬž
AؿǰĺͶ⣬һ̣ĽһͻȻǰ̤һ
£
˼һʱ¶˽ŵɫ
ģһʲô
ӻͷƲ˶˼һĮޱȣ漴ǰ㣬յĻӺͶĶߡ
ĵܣڱɱ㣡
AںͶߵ˵ϸţ΢ţ͸¶ĺ絶
ȴһ㶼ûб¶¶һ˿Цݡ
֣
Ͷһ𣬶̧ͷ
棬AȴûĴһתƿֱ̤ĮĮķѩ֮С
󽫾ߡ
δ䣬ʧ
ӪʧɫĿ磬ɨһۣ漴ְ߳Ӫʡ
ǰ⣬ʧѸ׷˴ӣ˲һ
ͶҪˣ
Aͣ½Ų
һγͶĻᣬͶĹֵ壬λôոռʱ͸ıͷϴǰ˵һ
A˵ֻᶨежϣҲӼᶨ˶ԸͶľġ
ûжʱˣûзںĸʹԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽƵҲɳʹɺͻʺѾȫµľ۽֮ء
ҪⳡսбȫԼԼʧٵͣǾԲģжϣжϿ¾ʱˡ
ƻֻѡһ
ºĻӣֻͬѡһ
ʧϳ
ˣ
A˵Ŀʱޱȣ
ȻˣǾ͸ˣ
֮ǰʢ磬ۼʶƵĸҲʶƵǿ󣬸ͬʶƵİ
ͻʺͶƣֻԶΪƵĸӹԶ˱ϢΪδͻʿɺϣΪһϥūĹǵĿɺ
ǾͶͻʺһ·ġ
ţ˺ܿ뿪ʧɽķ
һ࣬ɫӪС
ǿɱ⣡AĶɱģʱͻἱŶˣ
ã˼ͻȻڵ
߲ƣ߲A˺ʧϵĵᵽһŨҵΣϢ
Ѿħˣ
Ͷ̧ͷɽķͻȻһ̾Ϣ

˼ǰһƵᣬ˿ΪĺͶһ˲סˡ
Ѿħˡһ仰͸¶Ϣ̫ˣִ˵ֻĺͶﻹԼʶλĻӡ


ڶǧһʮ ɳ޿ɺ̣
󽫾ؾȣ֪Լ˵ʲôְԼϲú͸˵ʧ̫ˣԼȫں棬ûа취ףѡͻ֮
Ͷͷûأ
ҿⱾҪмҺид
Ϊ֮ȴաԷ̸ࢸС
£δӰζߡ
Ǻǣ֪󽫾ף󽫾ֻҪ֪仰˵ԹΪȣ͹ˣ
Ͷ⵭ȻЦ
˼ģһ仰˵
վλÿȥֻһ̵ĻӺͶĿѩ¶һ˵ȣ˲ԾΪ֮ŷ
ĻԼӡеλĻ
˼˴ľ
֣ϣ󲻻ߵһ
Ͷûᶼ˼Ժл뿪ǰ˵Ǿ仰һ˫ȭͷսɿ
ÿ˶ѧɳ
ԴһǰɶͻȻɳ޿ɺĳ谮˲һǧɣеľҲǼתֱ£ЩٳɳҲࡣ
վһƵһֵ͹˼ҲºͣȴζһζãζԴС
֣ǧҪʲôͿ£һϣҳֵġ
ڤڤУͶһ⣬漴һлָƽ


ХĮĮѩӱХ£գ۾ȥͻʵ۹ƽ˽ǰӿޱȡ
ΧŴӺĻӣͻֳɣ󽫾壬ͨ佫ʿ񣬶뵽У˴ԣš
ͶӪ⣬ҲӰӰ´¶ྫЩｫͶΧһȦһȦһĴΧκ˿ǵע⡣
һһѷųĻӲͶҲò
ںͶȫ䱸ʱڣͻʺҲ¡
ǽߵ˹أɳһ֧ʹŵִͻʺ˵˹صͻʺͬһ¡
һ֧ݵʹҲŽͻʺ
һ֧ƵʹҲִͻʺʱ򣬾ͨ񶼸о˵۹ֹա
ͻʺѾбʹƼڷ϶֮УĳֺʩѹѰ񶼸еȵĲ
۹˭Ҳû˵ƣеһжһ΢ȴƽ⡣
˶ڹȴɳ޿ɺյľ
ִƽУһڷˡ

峿ɫӪͻȻ͵س忪һͻɫҴңһѩ˽
£ˣˣ
Ǳߣһңƺгְ£²Ȼŭټˣд󽫾ȫȥˣֻʣˡ
ͻﵥϥڵأֻ˵ȼ仰ͷ亹ˡ
ʲô
ⷬӪڣĻӺͶıɫ
ô£
һԣ˼̲סڵ
֪𣿡
֪
ͻͷɫ԰ף
ĿǰеϢ֪ٽ峿ʱɽ̧˺üػɺʬ塣´޵°յڣʥ
һɲǣڵնʱýޱȣ˼ɫ΢ĺͶ⡣
Ȼر֪ǲ֪Ϊʲôȴּ䲻ĸо
£ЩԾ
˼һսŵһΣյζ
֪ˡ
ͶҡҡͷֻǷһ΢ŵ̾Ϣ
ȻҲֻˣͶܿƽջĿ⣬еġҪֻʣ±һҳˡ
ҰɣҺܿͳ
ͶͷҲ̧͸¶ƽʹ˲ظŰ
ͻܿ뿪ˡ
˼֮Ҳ侲ĬĬһԣػںͶߡ
߰ɣ
ֻһҳͶϡҪ³һܿ߳˽ɫӪʡ

ɽһƬ䡣
ѩ֮Уɽɽ޴ΧԶЩְͦһƬ঵ӣԽ˲١
Ͷ⿴һĻ΢΢üȴûж˵ʲôŶ˼˺ܿ˽ȥ

Ͷƿ߽ȥʱһ˲䣬Ŀһ㣬׷˹ȥ
޴飬ϯͶ̧ͷһ۾ͿϷһŻƤϵɳ޿ɺɫĿޱȡ
ֱߣһ֧˹ʹźڼףͶս׷ŤͷȴЦ
ǰԼԶĵطڶͻ佫ԼվȺ֮УӵصĴA˺ʧϡ
ͶֻЦһĿһ˿ɫܿƲͷȥ
һ˫˫ĻӵĿ⣬а˳ɶ͸ֻ
ͶĿ磬˵Ŀһһ۵ס
μʣ
ܿ죬Ͷǰһ
ɳ޿ɺû˵һ˫ǰ۾źͶ⣬Ŀޱȡ
㣬ϣ
һƬŵУɳͬХһ㣬Ĳ˿顣
ظʣӪ֮УĶҲûȥ
Ͷһܿعһ
㣬һ򽻺õɳľأ
ɳٴε
⡭֪
Ͷһɫ
ɳľӦںüǰͻͳȥˣңѩֽ٣Լ֪
㣬ʲô
ͶĻشɳ޿ɺԽˣûȺͶԼ˼Ӧ飬Ӱһɳ޿ɺ󣬼ĸߴһ棬һʬϴŵ͵ͻʺΣ͵һںͶǰ
޴涼΢΢
Ǿʬ屻Ʒ¶棬ϤףԼ˫ŨüϷһ룬Ͷ৵һ±ɫ
ɳľգ
Ǹʸոѯʵͻ佫
ֻǺͺͶĲͬɳľɫ԰ףֽͬѾȥʱ촽ϣȻж
ৣ
һɲǼ䣬Ͷ͵ͻȻּ䲻õĸоȻ
ʶ޵棬㻹ѣ
ɳ޿ɺŭɶӴ
ʣң
Ͷæ
ʢŭеɳ޿ɺȥͷϷ
ɳľĸָɸţںڣһ㼸˾֪ӣ֪㰵Ͷƣȴû뵽ȻôĵӣȻָʹɳľգ޵ʳ¶ӣûкǱƣ룡
ӣϧ
ɳ޿ɺɫǷŭ㣬˲


ڶǧһʮ ʳӣ
飡
Ͷɫ԰ףڵһ¹ڵأ
ϢŭͶԸأ飡
ˣ㻹ҽƱ磡
ɳ޿ɺŭޱȡ
ΪͻʺĹ书߾ǴA˻ĻӺͶ⣬书ԶʧЩ󽫾Ҳ磬ɳ޿ɺѹû췴飬Ҳûзһ֡
ϵͶ⾹Ȼ˱ɣ
ºѯʹˮ֪ЩĶҩ綾ޱȣͻʺŴ伮мصħһжҩɽ⣬Сģһغ
ˣҲ˲ĵ
ԷΪ˱գ˶
ںͶ⣬ЩչԼĺӣ֣Ѿȫĵߡ
ɳ޿ɺ˵ͻʺһ򸸴Тǵ໹൱ĽϵȻ飡
Ͷףƾһˣûֵǣ»ЩʹںıĽ˾Ȼɳ£ɼն񣬾ţɺᵽڻǱнɣ
ںͶ⣬ȻǱ¼£·ϣɺѾʮ֮˶ڿţɺط»˳ݺպɺƾʲôͳͻʣ
һԱߴһ˹佫ǰ˼ͻȻڵ

ͬʱ䣬ʧɫһҲĴӴ˳
ͻʺܹ֮ڵľ棬һģΪȼɭϣбнֹ·ϣܳͷպ»кϿԣ
ΪӣȻҶԿɺ֣¶Ѿ˸֣ȻҲ㲻ͻʵĻӣ¾ɸ֮ʣ
ĻӱҪ
ʧְɫӲޱȡ
һ˵ţһ৵ŤͷڵصĺͶ⣬·ֻҪɺһͷͻһϣ
һڣڵս佫ʱ׷ױɫ
ʱA˺еɱ⣬һ˫۾ݺݵĶźͶ⡣
ĵܣ̫ʧˣû뵽ΪͻʺʹˣȻ飬鶼ˣ
ʣĵ˴治֮£Բģ
Aһߡ
£ɣӣúݶģ
ʱһ𣬶˼Ҳ˲ɫ
һֱĻӴһĻûʲô᲻֪ɳľյ̫ΣǱô򵥡
ǰӶĻӵв˼㷴ӦҲ׹ƾӺʧڼȵı֣ʮа˾źѲ˹ϵпܾ߼޻ģ
󽫾
ϣͶͻȻһֹ˶˼
һ仰˲佫˵עеϡ
Ͷ⿴һ۵ɳľյʬ壬һ˿˵ɫܿ죬һѸƽ
ʣ书½֪ƾһɳľôܰ㣿в֮ģɳɳľգݺͼʵ̫ˣ
ͶɫǧָеһжΪͶû˷硣
Ͷ侲ʹͻȻ˲٣ɳ޿ɺҲ΢΢üͷͬźͶ⡣
һעɹİɱҲŸʺλҴƵľԶǧеľӶӿݣ˹غͻȴߣ˭п飬λжϡ
ৣ
һ仰˵˹ʹŷ׷ױɫ
ڶͻʵ佫ȴǻ࿴һۣ뵽ʲô
֮£ĻⷬӿһЩ
ң֣Ҳдֺʧϴ󽫾ڣ޷ͻʡ֮£жɹĻǴֺʧϴ󽫾棬ж˭ָʹģŴұҸף
Ļӳ
ˣѪˣ
ⷬ˻ûпڣȴǻıɫ
Ҳû뵽ͶܰתԼϡ
Ͷ⣬
һɺԣ
Ӿˣ
һҲŷ׷ŭǾA˻µģĻӵ
ȻĻȴֱͦη壬ֻĿ⿴˶汦ϵɳ޿ɺ
б෽ʧϿһĻȴǶӹһ˿ĺâ
Ӿ
ͶıʵԽԽȣ߱ɲС£Ͷ⻹ܱ侲ұ粵оݣ˵ͻʣܱǳ֮
ɶ⼸꣬Ļӵı仯ֱˡ
û뵽ɱǸŮˣȻı仯ֻǣϧˡ
뵽棬ʧ΢΢ҡҡͷ
̹˵Ͷֳ֮A˶ҪĶ࣬ܣǸԸѡǰͶ⡣
̫ʧˣ
ʧҪڣͻȻ֮ɳ޿ɺ϶ͻȻ
û뵽ʱ㻹ϴڽƱ磡
ʣ
Ͷһ̧ͷϷһɫɷޱȡ
û뵽Լ˵ô࣬ʾȻһֶûȥƺ϶Լġ
ˣ
ɳ޿ɺһӣºͶ⣬ֱӴʱһЦ͸ѩͻȻ⴫
һĻеϷ룬ͻһֱЦɱͻ˿һҲ
ƿһƬĮĮķѩ͸˴룬ܼѩʣâһһӰ߰˽
ˣ
߽ʵȺˣһƬȻ˷׷ɫ䡣
Ϸɳ޿ɺҲƤһ͸һ˿ɵ
˭Ҳû뵽Щ˾Ȼ
Ȼͻʵĸأ߰˸ʹڸ΢ǱĴƣȴ˲òɵġ
¬ѧʿʲô޺ûǽ
ɳ޿ɺɫ䣬ͻȻڵ
ǰλŵӰˣߵ¬ѧʿ
ǻ֮¬֮͢Ϊ˵Ĳܣ˺£˺ְλ
һδɳʹڳʹͻʺ¬֮͢ΪҪʹڣҲӦɽ
Ǻǣսȴ䵽λϣʼϲ¬ĳĽղܶ˻ڹͻʺҲҪűˣ
¬̸֮͢Ц䣬ȼ仰˵һƤ
ҵĵ£㵽ڻɳľյĴɱȻǴΪ˶ɱ㣬оηĸʣ
¬֮͢һȴûڵˣǵͷ˹ڵϵĻӣ
ɳľյʵ΢˲㸸ʣô򵥵ĵΪ֪𣿡
һĴ棬Щ˵ܹزɱͻΧΪһĹǷ֮Ͷ⣬̫С㸸ˡ
¬֮͢ҡͷ̾ϢϷȥˡ
Һˮһֱ㸸ʽϣôҪ飬ȴֳ㸸ʵⶼ𣿡


ڶǧһʮ 
ⷬ£ĻӺͶɫ԰ֽ
ܵģ
ܵģ
һɲǣͶⶸ̧ͷǱܵĿԼĸףıϣɳ޿ɺо˺ͶĿ⣬ʶƲͷܹˡ
Ͷʱһĳˮס
һжǼƻõģ
ˮڳ
ʾȻҪɱ
Ͷôû뵽Ȼ˲пᣬ˵Լĸף࣬ԭйؽҪ
⡪
һĻ˵ˣԭɱͶĴAҲסˡ
ǹģ
Ҳɱĵܣ
û뵽
ɳľ¼Ȼ⣬ȻɵȥɱͶ⣬ֻǣʾȻڽĵɱˣͶϤһоٶAʼϲͻȻֻң֪ĸо
¬ѧʿ޾ˣǱѧ֮ʿˣŶ㲻Ҫ飬ͻʵļ£˽£ϣƷ滹ǲҪ֣
ɳ޺ʱҲ̲סˡ
¬֮͢Ȼ书΢һ죬Աϵǿ߻ҪµĶࡣ
ɺӲҪ˵ļ£¬֮͢Ҳ޻˵үǺĻ֮һ꣬˵ͻʺ£ү൱⣬˵ѾҪĻӱԩ֮ܲԩүǾԲӲģ
¬֮͢ЦЦͻȻˡ
Ļ죬Щ˹ص۹ʹ߸һ̲סƿڴ
ɳľհɱͻʿɺ飬ҲϽӽ賿ʱַģºɳ޿ɺͷϢԶڴƣһһԶֹһ죬Ӻ֪ġ
¬֮ⷬ͢ſںơ
⣬ɺҲ֪ºүǾҲر¶ңЩ֮ͽϰ֣²ѽеľȨȫүүִҪʲôµʱǱ¶޷ֹ
¬֮͢һָӡ
ƣ¬֮͢ʲô˼вͻɳ޿ɺ˴ɱѵǴƻҪָ¹ΪΪŰɣ
һԣ˹صʹ̲ס
¬֮͢Ʊ磬һ粻֮ڵ˵ɰ׵ģ˵ɻģô˵ȥ֪ʲôӡ
ߣλ˵Ҳͻʵ飬ʲôΪʲôͻʣΪǲ֪ɣ֮սǺگᣬƣûкǼƽϡ˹֮սֺʹʳ˹ᣬشȣַһûкˡǻǣҪүǹϸԭ𣿡
̫ٱã涳ǣƵǾ˫˫ǶӣʱΪԭӦٱ˲òʦسδȫ
ѷǵܣƵү֣һο޴ӣ
¬֮͢
㡪
˹佫ɫһϣŶЦ¬֮͢ȴһҲ˵ȥ
ԭӦĸ֣ΪԵѴ¡
˹ص۹ԳΪ֮ѡ֮񣬽ŵĹһǿУʱظԭɱӣ޶ȫ޿֡
ΪԵʣΪһССĺ쾰죬
ڵ˹ص۹տѰļι˹ص۹Ԫˡ
ڵĴƵ۹ţӵ֮ڣһϸԭǵҲûаտԵֵˡ
ǿʥҲ֮
ⳡҪݺʹ֮ĳͻ˹ȥĩãƣδǺ¡
һ࣬¬֮͢ŭԼ˹佫һȻ
ڵ˹ѽȣʹԣֻ·һ
ѧʿǺô磬һտһòˣͻʣǴưɣ
˵ʱʱ죬ʱһĴЦ͸һɲζͻȻ⴫
ৣ
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ʵͻȻƿϢź£˰Ĵ֮С
ЩĿˣɨһȦĿѸ˶ɳ޿ɺϣһĻ˷׷ױɫΨڱеɳ޿ɺɫ糣ΪƺѶϤЩ˵ݣҲ֪ǻ
ʲôˣҲǲ廰ķ𣿡
¬֮͢
ٺ٣˭ҪҲ޸ɣֻҪסǲ˹ˣҲͻˣֻɳ޿ɺһЩΪѶѡ
˿ڵгƵζ
˹Լ˲ͬУΨһԼݵˡ
ʵϷɳ޿ɺһ޶ԣ˿ûйݵ˼ֻ֪
ʹڣ
ֻеϹĻӺͶһâ³Щ˵ݡ
ͻʵ۹ڣֻʹţһ˹һƣʣµľʹˡ
Ϊʹǲͻѽ齵ĵطԶԶ
дƵʹڣݵİɽ⣬ֻҪû췴ͻڴƵķ򣬾޷ʹƶŸɡ
ʱȻκӵݱ־Ķ
Ҫǣɽ£˲ò޷жϡ
ɳ޿ɺȻѾ˾Щͺ˵ˣ
Ϊ׵ݽ찺ͷĿһӣ
ɣ
飡
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һźõľװ֣һ飬̧ʮھ޴ڵͭӣ̤˽
Щ߽ӪʣеڵϣȻžһȻ򿪣һ̣ҫһĽ鱦˵Ұ֮С
ɺҼɺļֻҪɺӦˣʽҼ˻֧ԮͻʱסԼʮʯʳԻͻ֮⻹ڵģ
޽˵

һ仰˵ڵͻһ
ЩʹڵݶȻҲܣʮ鱦Ҳˣ󺮳٣ЩʯֻЩǶʮʯʳԲǸСĿ
һѩͻʧأȱΪɽЩν͵ѩ̿͵˵Ŀ
޽һֱűϵɳ޿ɺȻⷭɳ޿ɺҲ¶⶯ɫ
֮ⷬǰɳᣬΪľЧ
Ȼɺһ
޽ɫţһĸ߰ЦЦͻȻתһָָ˽ߵ¬֮͢ԼڴƲ䣺
ɱЩ˲У
һ仰͸ɭɱ
䣡
֮УһƬţ漴ͬһʯ£ʱɲ仰˶һȻ
˭Ҳû뵽Щʹ߾ȻҵҪ
һɱƵʹڣǾ͵ںʹƳ׵սͻʺûκε·ҲֻͶ
ĻӺͶʹA֮ĳͻɳ޿ɺϮ£ʱ򷴵ûˡ
¬֮֮͢ʵѾףλͻʵĻʵֻΪθӶѣ


ڶǧһʮ նɱʹ
ߣô˵ҪͶˣ
սʱ¬֮͢Ц
»ǻƣһСʱȻ¬֮͢Ϊʿȴ㺦µıֶûУ
ЩǺôĵӣһȺūŶѣ˭ǵȻҷɳ͢ʦΪУ
ЩͽҪ¬֮͢ŭЦ
ɳ޿ɺҲô𣿻˵Ѵ⣬ҪΪУ
˵ţ¬̧֮͢ͷ˶ɳ޿ɺ
޲û˵
ɳ޿ɺʯӲϹž޲ͺǰûаֹϵ
û֪λͻʿɺ˿ʲô
Ѿüëˣɺỹ֮ɣ
ͻʲСڸ͵ͻʱ̬ɺϹۣ֮ҵģµʱݲͻʣ
ݽЦ
޲޴⣡
ɳ޿ɺ̲ס΢΢üͷ
ɽۻʹƻɱ֮ȷʵ뷨ֻȻҲԲŻǰʹڴ˵
ߣ
ݽһЦ
µľ棬ɳ޿ɺҪֺãѾвͨˣΣһ
ҽѻͻʻ̬ȣպһľͻʺ
ݽ˵գĿƵɨˡ
쵰
ⷬڣͻ϶¶һ˿ŭɫ
ͻʺЩ˾Ȼҵǵвͻʺֱ̫ˣ˼ʧҲЩŭɫ

һ̾ϢͻȻɳ޿ɺĿһתͻȻһֱڵصĻӺͶ⣺
Щ˵Ļ㶼˰ɣյˣֻίˣ
ɳ޿ɺⷬƵĻ䵽ͶУȴ𶯡
ȥ󣬸ʻҪɱ
ͶпɬޱȣвһĨĻҰ;
ôļԶϺ·ͻպ󻹻Լʹƽã
ǿѪĸӰ
һ࣬һ仰˺Ͷˣɳ޿ɺܿŤͷ¬֮͢ˣ
λҲôƫƫڴʱΪͻǧǧİΣֻλλͷһˣ
ɳ޿ɺ㡪
¬֮͢кȻҲûϵɳ޿ɺ󣬻ҪͶϧԼ⡣
һȺͻ佫иǻֲ̿ѡ
Ʊ̫ˣ֮ǰɳľյ飬ɳľյʬڱĵϣȴûٿһۣ۵ҲѺǳɱʮǧһ֮
ֲ֪ĸо
ֻվʴŴݽЦ
ɳ޿ɺһΪľڵģ
ֻǣ޻һ⡣
ʱɳ޿ɺٴοڵ
ʲô⣿
ݽɫһЦҲȻֹ
޸ôĴۣһӣʮʯʳԶԶжɹޣҪƣ
ɳ޿ɺؿݽ죬һһ
ʲô
˵ڵˣһԵ˹˶۾ŵűϵɳ޿ɺ
ɳ޿ɺǷ
֪֪β˵Ĺж٣һͻʣȻϷִƵİڽɽֱʨӴſڣޱȡ
ݡ߾ͻʡɡ˹ءѵôĹҼźͻһϷִһ
ܣཫڵ㣡
ݽ
ССһݽ̸߱еʸ񣬺Ȼ֮ǰкͰɽѾźһС
ôİգţսһССĹڵΰãͻȫǾÿһսɡǸ߾۹Ȳǣһս֮о
һ룡һ룡
ڣɳ޿ɺλϻվ
Ŀ䣬ҲɢһӴϢ
ʣ
ĪͶڵϣһĻ
δȻһ޹ؽҪƷ˸ʺּۻۣҪôĳ룡
֮һټһڵٶ࣡Ǿʦĵߣ
ݽ
ɳ޿ɺθڼֱþˣ֮ǰʦصؽһʱѾ÷ȥˡ
֮һ٣ҪȻǾԼȥʹѪսɣ
ɳ޿ɺá
ͻʺѾ˵
ǰɳ޿ɺӡеرﻹаȺصӣ˵Ǽּۻ۵̷Ҳ֡
Ȼʱ˿̵ɳ޿ɺûǣϵʧҲǼǮӣ۵ȴռƺȨ漰ϵͻʺδ
ҪΪԼȡ档
ҲŶԵĻӡ
ķ֮һķ֮һʦȣٶ࣬ɴȥͶưɣ
ݽڼˣ
ݣ߾ͻʺԼ˹أ巽Ӵͻʺռķ֮һѾòˣԶԶ֮һķݶҲǾʦ˽Ĵеĵߡ
Ժ»ܴ鷳
ɽ
ɳ޸ɴ䣬ԥ
״ɣһɲǣɳ޿ɺԣ޷ԶĿѩҲһ޾Ұġ
Ҳй׳־Ҫ̲˷ɨϣΪƵԵʹһֻܱȱسɣµµΪĻʵۣڣⳡ󺮳ȴṩһǰδеĻ
ҪΪֻҪɨ˴в֮£ûκһͻʵĶ֣ʱֻҪȸɵ˹˳̲ͻʣٳûݣɨƽֻһȺĸ߾֮һͳ磬ôͻʵ۹Ĵƺʹʳ֮ϣǰδеĻԻͣ
һɲǣɳ޿ɺ鼤˷һ˫Ŀޱȡ
ڤڤУ·͸ʱ䣬ִ޾ңԶδΪ֮²һ̣
һ̣ɳ޿ɺޱȣ
ˣĻȥ
ܿ죬ɳ޿ɺһָڵϵĺͶ⣬
ĿһתܿһԵ¬֮͢ˡ
λνսնʹΪͻʺ֮ˣֻˡ
ˣɱǣ
ɳ޿ɺԥޱȡ

ɳ޵һ䣬Ӫڵƶʱ仯һһΪһӳĻڵķȥһӳ¬֮͢Լʹŵڼʿȥ
ֹˣɳ޿ɺո´һ׵ϵĽŲܼ꣬˷ӵ̶ʱڣ֪ͻʵӵƾ۶ɽŰΧ
նɱʹ൱ںʹʽս·ͬСɣ


ڶǧһʮ ǿİ֣
ɳ޿ɺټΧˮйͨȻǾ˳ֵĿǣ׼ԷϢй¶ȥ
ڶĴս֮ǰʹǰͻ
¬֮͢ϵǳҲϢй¶ȥҪԭ
ৣ
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ƻһһңס˺Ͷ⡣
ʣ
һ̣Ͷǰɳ޿ɺĳˣ
ڴ֮ǰжЩϣϣתϣܹŹΪͻʵ棬ԼҰģȻȻԥѡԼ
һ̣Ŀж۰мӵĸˣ
Ӧ˵ʼգ۰ľֻѾȥĿɶضѣ
ͶԼͷ­
ɳޣң
һ࣬¬֮͢
ɱǣ
ɳ޿ɺᣬû˿ԥ
һ̡
䣡
һĲҽУһƥһ㣬˹Լͻʽɳȥ
¬֮͢ԣâһͻȻƾճӰһһףϢȣǿޱȡ
ͬʱͶѪһϲɳȥ
ң
ڣһŭȣʼ鿪ӴɽȻɳ޿ɺ뷢ţĿݺݵضһ麧ޱȣⷬ¬֮͢ǶԺͶĶ˼˵ġ
ڸոһɲ˼䣬ֱӾ͸ɵǯƺͶ
˼ôĵӣ
ͬʱһȣʧϰεʣŲԶĶ˼˷ŭޱȡ
ɺͻӵϵĵλ˼ⷬٶѾͬ췴ˡ
ʣôΪĴͻ룬ҪԥңȷͰɽˣͿ˳ƣȹδ󺮳𣿡
ڣһ𣬺Ͷĳ̧ͷ˫Ŀͨ죬ޱȡ
ӣʲôѵ㻹Ϊ𣿡
ɳ޿ɺ۾΢Уޱȡ
ǵڣҲ˿ûиıͶľġ
ʣҪɱΣֲˣ
ͶⶸȻڵȴͻȻ˲١
ɳ޿ɺƤͻͻֱͻȻֲĸо
ûӦһ̣Ͷһ˦Ȼণһѩֱ
¡¡
·ֻһɲǣֺͣһ춯صľ˷֮ǰɳ޿ɺʱĶҪ󣬻У֪ٱɽķ
Ͷ⣬ң
ڣA־ŭݺݵҧݣŲԶĺͶ⣬ݽŤ
ȷʵһִٳɣ鷢չڣȻѾȫƿأ벻ǣӡУԭųĻӣȻ˵ֶΣԼɲĳǸ
Ȼ׼˱
ҴǰпѾʹƹһ
ʧϣɱ
AָͶɫޱȡ
һ࣬Ͷȴû
аۣϴ峤λǰ鷳ˣ
Ͷ˵仰һͬʱѸȥ
¬֮͢ΧĲǱˣʦа˺˴峤
ԤԤϣͻô飬嵱Ȼֻһ¬֮͢ȥصذʦа˺˴峤˹
¡¡
аһϻûУͶĻûиʧϳֵĻᣬֻǼ򵥵̧һƥӿ纣˰㽫ǰͻʽȫķ˳ȥ
ǿֲɳ޿ɺʧ϶Ȼޱȡ
Ѱ·
аɫ䣬Ⱥͻ˾ͬһȺһ㡣
ӦͶҪ˴峤صôãֻϧɳ޿ɺͻʺǵ˰ɽ
֣ұ¬ѧʿĻӣָɵǣ
аɫ䣬ԥ
书ٸߣҲվޣͻʺˣͳͳɱ⣬ջҪͶִ֣ͳͻʺԸһɳ޿ɺԼʧϵˣ˴峤΢ʵѾ´ˡ

˴峤ɫľȻа˵ĻһΣֱӾͳŶ˹ȥ
䣬еİɫֻڵһ٣ƥϯֻһҽУ˱ɳȥЩֱӾͱһ롣
ɳ޿ɺڰ֮УҲǹɺ˵ɨȥʮԶ
ȻˣµǴƻжλɣ
ʱһЦ
Զаˡ˴峤еʱ򣬼ݽѾ˲ԣѸȥ
˴峤ѹķݽҲţĿܣһָһ̣âһӿУһӰȻȣͻȻһƵ˴峤
ͬʱһӰޱȣݽĻŸոѾٳаˡ¬֮͢ͺͶ˹ȥ
䣡
ཻ˲䣬жȻŷ޾ĺɽɽ·ը㣬ɽͶҡΣ޾ľ纣˰㣬ϯķ

˱ѾܵشʱٴܵϮʱݰ˷ȥ
飬Ϯа˺ͺͶĺһ𣬱޴ȥӦ죬һշ˺а˵ľ롣
ǣ
аĿ˿һһɾסĻӺͶ˶ĺˡ
һа˵ɫʱޱȡ
ǰͻȻֵӰǱˣһֱڶԿ͵ĺˣһǺ֯Ķ֡
аڵΪѴﵽ΢۷壬ޱƽ쾳ǸոһƣԷȻӲӣһûиˣʵڳԤϡ
ƾһ㣬Щ˾Ͳͨ
е˼Ѿܾûܹסһˣ
Ķɱе˼
УһͻȻڣ͸һ˿Ѫ
ĻϢ磬ǿޱȣΪԳһƬԨӰϸȥ޾ĺɫӿޱȡ
Զһգһ˸ͬգ͵һ˲ͬǣԳһƬڰǿգ֮ʯǴ򿪵ġڰǿȱڡһӶ
˸а˵ĸоǳŹ֣֮ǰκһ֯ĸֶȻͬ
ǵʲôˣ
а۾΢У
Զ˴峤ʱҲ£а˲һ֣ء
һͻʵ飬ֹǴƣڿԼҲ׼ոһƣҲͬûռκαˡ


ڶǧһʮ ̫
ϾҪɱķϣǿǱݡ
е̫רŸþ֯ڵͽԼһЩ⼬ֵ⣬֯ڽǼλֱ̫Ĵڡ
£ǲ뿪֯أֻϧ츮Ȼɱˣ̫ʼҲˣΪˡ졯ļƻǲòԳЩ¡
̫ĺ˸֣УӸ£һָʹһӡ
а˺˴峤ԣһҲ̫ʼ츮֯ҲһЩ˽⣬ǰλֱ̫֣ȴմ̫֣˵ĵλ
Ҹոսֵɲǣ˸ĸоҲǳ⣬Ĳް̺һȻƺĳ֮Ӧ
̫񣬲ҪǷϻɵǣٳɸϣȻչƻˣ졯ѾЩˣ
ʱһֱûô˵ͻȻˣޱȡ
Ƕ֯ڼϵĸ֣ʱԴͷԶ϶Ǿ֮ϣ֯ɳ֤жҪ
ֻǰ·ˡ
̫ԣЦһܿع
¡¡
ڤڤУ׶̫˫һ£бһɺڰ΢֮ϵ˫֮С
һ죬ĺڰ׻Ѹٷֻһϸ顢ֲĺɫ׵磬ӿȫ
Щɫӳ£̫ԵԽֲ˵ϢҲһء
䣡
һ̣û˿ԥ̫һݣаȥһ࣬Ҳͬ˶˴峤
պ˴峤ԸоõһɹӴĺڰвӿûڣǿʵϢ
ֹˣ˶ͬʱɽɽȻ𶯣һʯͻѩض𣬷·ܵĳٻ㣬Χһſ΢ʯ
ÿһʯ̺һɲ˼䣬һܼ꣬ȳ˴峤ȥ
ЩСʯֳͳһ黨ɽ嶼ҵ÷飬˵Ѫ֮
ߣ
һ࣬аֻһߣֵʳжָһ̣ˣ𶯣Уһ΢͵Ĺ⻷ͻȻƾճ֣סа˵ʳжָ
⻷𶯣Ȼ͸һ˿쾳ʱղ֮а˵ϢҲʩչöϸСʱ֮󣬶Ȼһء
գս
а˵ûдﵽ쾳Ƕдﵽ㣬ͬҲ쾳ĳЩֻЩȶѡ
䣡
գ֮䣬ٴײһһƥ̫аΪģɨķ
ôܣ
ܵаϱڶ쾳һ̫̾񶼲𺳡
ûϵǰò۵ͷȻ
񹦣
һ࣬˴峤Ҳͬʩչϵǿѧ

ֻһ˴峤ϵϢҲűһء
һɫľۼױ֣ͻȻϱһлԶûнֻһ˻һڳǵ̶ʱڣٱİɫڱ
ȣ˴峤񹦵ĸͳ̶ֹ
һ;˴峤ʱаһͬĵ·ȻԶ쾳Ĺ򲻼аˣΪ񹦵ԣһ;ϣ˴峤аߵøԶ
䣡
Уһͷͷʮɳİɫ˶ҧצģ񱬷Щʯ׷顢ѡ
ֻһ춯صľ죬Ѹмսһ
һһɨ˷˴峤а˺̫Ĵǿߣɽɽĸ߿вϼսһ
ôǿĸ֣
ɽڿնѸٻΪĸС̫а˵ˣϣݽҧгݣȳԾַߺޡ֪Щ˵ȻһֱԳoǵǿֲʵҲ֡
ˣô죿
һݽ쿪ʵЩ̻
УǱΪʮþȣֻҪɳ̫ˣķչȻ
Ϊ׵ݽĬȻ任
ô࣬취ɵͶ⣡ֻҪɱƻʲôҲް취
ĿǰĻӺͶѾʹƹᣬǰɱа˺˴峤ӮսҲͬ޷ֹͻʵ
ಣ
һ䣬˺ܿع񣬳ȥ

ʱ˿̣һ
ĵܣôҴҵģҪȥأ
һͻȻĴĻӺͶŻңԶʱ򣬹âһӰͻȻبǰ
Ϊ׵ĲǱˣǴAˣվ׳˶ӰȻǴ󽫾ʧϡ
ɽĴԭһƬңɱ춯أڵλÿȥֻɱԭıֳɣڲͣսɱ
һɱͿǿߵսӦлֲ̿ѡ
֮У뵽ƾ֮ԶֹˣAͬҲ뵽
ֻҪɱһҲӭж⡣
֣
棬Ͷ⿴һĻһŲʱȻԣ˼ҲɫһȻγػںͶԡ
ߣһҿɵĵܣһν㣬ҵĺֵܣ㻹Ҵ۽磡û뵽ǰʾȴز¶ˣӦ׼˲ʱɡ
A˵Ǽ
ʧˣĵԶô׶ԸԽˣҲԽҪɵͶ⡣
֣ûСңֻ̫Լˣ
ۼ޷ѣͶⷴƽɫû˿η壺
͸ʶҵͷɽԼҪִУôܣǲ֣׼ЩҲᷢ
ͻʲûɻԴеĻ˵ԭȻͬɳ޿ɺAҪͶôܲ
Ǻˣʱƣϸ˼ܹͻʶȹҲͰˣ㻹Ǹʣ˽Ϊ˶ԸƶˣûȨеסǾǽͻʵ۹Ԩ
Ͷ
ΪӵܣСܵĽһҪǿ󣬵ڶҪͻʺ
һ㣬ͻʺûʲô
ɺ־ֻΪԼ
ǿʶ
AԣŭЦ
Ͷ⣬ӲΣ㶼ʧϣɵ
ϣһʧһԵȵĲͷˣA˵䣬һһƥĵͬƥһգźͶ⼲նȥ
Ͷ⣬˼Ǿɣһ·
ʧϵ¡¡ף쳹գһ˺Ͷ⣬ͬҲѶ˼С


ڶǧһʮ ʧϴս˼
ͬΪ۹󽫣ʧ϶Զ˼ٻЩ˼ɣ˹֮սʱ˼ļı߻ħʵǷһ
һŵ۹󽫳ƺŵķ˶ѡ
Ȼһ̡
ϣ
âһһɰɽ纣Ȼʧɱһ
˼ôܣ
ʧϱǰϢԲ˿û߻ħʵ˥˼Ķ˼¶һ˿𾪵ɫ
˼尵飬ͻ˾֪һɳ޿ɺѾȷϣм٣ǴӸոյ˼һ˵ļ
ʧϣ̫ԴˣĻͶƲûԭģǽܳɹ
˼һƽҡҡͷ顢ʺ֮ǰȻͬ

ʧɫһ䣬ԭ֪˼ΪʲôṦһ仰ʧжʱֻʣŨŨɱġ
۷ʱڶҵĶ֣ҵҪҵĵ£ֵܼ˶ã
ʧδ䣬˲仯Ϊǧľһ㣬ţڱŶĶ˼ȥеĳһΣգ֮䣬ʮɣѵ֮ƣŶĶ˼ĻӺݺݵնȥ
ֹˣˣʧϳֵͬʱ֮˹һֺֻͻȻ֣Ѹ뵽ʧϵĵ֮С
̫񹦣
ʧϱΪ̫󽫵ԭĹһ߷壬ܹɳĮոЧܹԼ
Ȼֻ¡һ죬һȴ˼ٴεסˡ
໣
ʯ䣬ֻ˼ԣŤһͷ˶ͷɽ壬ֳ֮ƣ໣ھǵӳ£˼ֱӰһأҪǣ˼ľ޴ͷԭֻ͸ϣһ̸ֵģȴһž޴ĽɫͷҾǵĶͷϣصͼں·ƺ̺޾ĳص
̫ǣⲻܣ
Ǿ޴Ľɫͷʧ𺳣š
ڴԭÿ󽫾Ĵжͬ˶֪˼һϵĹ۳һֱͷǣҲ۳ǣǺΪ̫󽫵ʧȻвСĲࡣ
ǵ˼̥ǣҪıɽɫ̫ʱһжʱȫͬ
һδԭ˽һĹ̫ǵĵزٶǰﵽһڵĶ˼ѾԽʧϣﵽһֲĵز
˷ƶǣ
˼ûʧϣһ죬צ̽漴ԥķ
ͬһоѧʱڶ˼ʩչȴ֮ǰ֮
¡
Ǿ޴ĽɫͷΪһ⣬ݺݵײʧޱȵĻֺ뵶ϣ޴ֱʧϳȵĵںʧϵĻ֮Ъײʮಽ
ܣܣôǿֵز
һ̵ʧ۾ĺȻ
Ͷ˼Ϊ֣ʧʵ̫Ϥˣû߻ħ¶ܴﵽֵز˴ĿԽôģ
ʧϣ㻹Ϊʲôǽ첻Ӯԭһб󣬶ԭġ
˼ûи׷ɱǿŶʧϣһ̾Ϣ
ֻ΢ռϷѣΧΪӮ𣡡
ʧ
ֻǵһжѣ˼ھͿʼŻΪѾӮˣδ̫ˡ

ʧŭһ˵һֹһƬˣٴŶĶ˼նȥ
ϣ
̶ʱڣһ಻ıըλͻʵĵ۹󽫱˴˾ҵɱһʧϵһֵеԽĳңԵˣն·ȼ
Ȼʧľǣ㾡ȫʩչҲһκβ˶˼
գ
ǣ
Ǳ

ʧϵľͷŭ˼ʱԵôݵĶ࣬ľѧһнһУ֮ͬˮ಻ϣɣÿһжƴӵбѵ֮
һʱ֮䣬ͻʺΪԺյ̫ʧϷ·磬˼ѹơ
ܣ
֮սAɫˡ
ʧжǿϤôû뵽˼Եֵһѹ
˶
Aзߺޱȣȭͷսһ˫Ŀȴ˶ĻӺͶ⡣
֣ɱͶ⣡
AɫͻȻڵ
ɱ
һ˲䣬ԭ˼ֳʵסĴһϵ׷׵ʣͬڻԾһ㣬ͳŶĺͶɱȥ
ɱ
ͬʱһĺɱ𣬺ͶһȺӵͻʽͬӵӵɱһ
ϣ
̶ʱڣѸɱһͻʺӵӵ˶࣬ӵĻӵҲͬ٣ֻĮĮѩ֮Уһ󵶹⽣Ӱϵ˵£Ѫ䡣
ܿ죬ɽϣֻʣ´A˺ĻӺͶ⡣
͸գɱȺĿ⻥
󰡣
AĿ׺ݣϵһϵ䵶󣬻ǵԳ֣ɵĵܡ
һ࣬Ͷǽ䱸ͬסϵĳ
·ʤһѾ·ˣҲˡ
ϣ
˵ʱʱ죬ںͶ׼ӭսĴA˵ʱ򣬶Ȼ֮ͻ
䣡
ڽߵĵطһӰȣȻ֮䴩طѩѸ뵽˶˼ʧϵս֮У䣬û˷Ӧֻһ󾪺һڶ˼ʧ֮ϵĿֲͻȻֻһͽǴ󽫶˼ɨҶɳȥ

˼һѾƴȫȥֵǱƿ͵һţǿµľֱӺɢ˶˼ڵڸĵĶ˼һ͵ſһѪޱȡ
¡𵴣ѩɽ˼ڵϣɽҳһ޴ĿӶǹƺޱȡ
ɺ
һĻͻںͶ˼ֵʧ϶һ
ʣ
ͬʱͶһҲϳǵͻȻɱӰԭ侲ϣ¶һ˿ɫ
һëӣĿϢȼգޱȣͻʺӵߵλɳ޿ɺ
˽֪ͻʧϺͶ˼λ߾ĵ۹󽫣Ǻע⵽ͻʵɳλ߾Ŀɺ
ǿʳһжʵþӵԶ˼ʧϵĹɳ޿ɺôȥͳټͻʺ


ڶǧһʮ 
ӣΪңעҪΪΪʲôǲأУ
ɳ޿ɺתͷźͶһһ˹ȥĻͷųһ˵ƣ˺Ͷ⡣
һ̵ɳ޿ɺɫĮȭͷ˵ĻĲ˿飬ͷ·һ޹ؽҪСһ
ɳ޿ɺͺͶӡеǸȸֱر
Ͷ¶һ˿ηɫԸоĳǰĸѾ˱ɱ֮ġ
ʣͶ֮٣
ͶһȥڸʣһΪη壬ˣȴû˷磬Ȼͼ⡣
ض˵ˣͻʵ飬ѾҪˣ
ɳ޿ɺ
䣡
һΣһըΧʮڵķѩȫ俪ͬһʱ䣬һӴǵأɽΪһ޴Ӱ̺ŻԵźͶһץ
ӴǰͶһֻһ㣬΢
ү
ۿžҪɥɳ޿ɺ£ͶɫҰף̲ס
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬ɳ޿ɺӰµͬʱƺӦźͶĴһɫӵصӿͬһһ͵Ļ֣ѸٵĻס˺Ͷ⡣
ֻһ춯صľ죬ɳ޿ɺǿֲĹײϵӿɫ֣Ȼȫֵ
ɫĻ̵š
ʲô
һĻɳ޿ɺƤһıɫ
ԼĹȻֻһδþȫʵȴٱޱȣ˵ֻһɫ֣Ǹ죬Ҳܽһ顣
ǶԷȻܿһ˿£ܹһˣ޼
ȻһȴԶûнûɳ޿ɺӦ䣬ضҡ·һֻʯɵľ޴ƵصףȻ֮ƣһץ˹
ϵֻ߲޴ƸĸоȫͬȻʯɣȴޱȣ򵥵һץȻѾ۷۹󽫵ȫһ
룬ɳ޿ɺһΣ͵ĳһƣͬʱѸٺƣԺ֮Ѹٱܹһ
ɽ޴һץ֮󣬲ûм׷ɱǶ֮Уһʯϴе졣

һĻΧһͻ佫Aڣһɫ־壬Ȼ׷ȥ
ɳޣҲʳӣõͻʿɺΪͶɽǸͽȻ飬ɱԼĶӣ˱İ
˾ʱһͻȻϷ
ʲôˣб¾ͳ
Χһͻ佫ȵ
ߣ
һЦǾ޴ϷƺӦ˵һӰɢһϽڣϴһɫۣվ
ɫĿǸ˫֣һվͱŷһϺƵϢ
Ǿ޴ϵӰȣڳи֣ʧϺͶ˼Ե΢Сޱȡ
ǿ
ǳǿ
һɫţٴС
㣡
˻ûӦһA˺ʧȴ৵һ±ɫ
Aˣʧϣּˣ
ͬʱ޴ʯϣӰҲע⵽ʧϺAˣһЦ
Ȼôһ򵥵Ķ䵽A˺ʧȴʹɫ𺧣æȥ
ʱ˿̣Ψһ򶨵ģɳ޿ɺˡ
㵽ʲôˣ
ɳ޿ɺ۾΢УĶŶˣ
ΪͻʺĹɳ޿ɺҲ¼䶥ۺͰ¼еĳ޲֪ʯϵˣȴδҲ޷ԺЩϵһ
Ǻǣ
ʯϵƺʱע⵽ɳ޿ɺ˫֣΢΢һЦڿڣ
ɳ޿ɺ㻹ǹ˶£ѾãдһŸ㣬ѵô𣿡
ţ
ɳ޿ɺüͷһ壬ӹһ˿ɻɫһ̣ƺ뵽ʲôɲǼ䣬ɳ޿ɺ׻˻ıɫ
壡
ڤڤһӹԺɳ˲ɲ
ĿǰΪֹġšҲͽֻǷ⡰ɽˡ
ѾѾüγͻɳ޿ɺλµĴ֮ǰȴδһʱ֮ȻҲϲ
㣡
ɳ޿ɺɫ䣬ȥѸ˺֮ľ롣
Ŷ޴ʯϵ꣬ɳ޿ɺʱֱȣ¶ļɵ
壿
ô壡
Ѿȥ˶ǰΪʲôͻȻͻʣ
һǣɳڸоһ˿𺳡
һֱΪԼƿȫֱ֣ʱŻȻеһжڶ֮С
Χɱа˴峤ں̫ҽսɽΧɽҰͻﻥɱս˻ڶ˺ѷε
ƬıѩѻΪһƬҵս
սֻԶδʣ忴ȴ⡣
飡
帺˫֣ǰ˼Ľһ̤ӣ̤֮Уɳ޿ɺԼA˵ķ˹ȥ
һ̼ʵķ·һ㡣
򵥵ľٶȴǿɳ·ɺAˣԼΧͻʽƤѣһɫɵ׷ȥ
ʱ˿̣һȺͻʵĽҲѾݡ


½һϵıʥ

̫Ĺ⻷ˣ˵ʧϣ˼½صĶͷôѾԽ˾ͷﵽͳμİ
λ׻ʥǰ¼нǶԵȻʧɫ
Ļӣ˼ոռһºˮһʱ䡣
̤գ̸Цһһȥ
ĻӺͶʱ΢٣΢΢ͣ˽Ų
ˮ
Ļ˶һرɳ޿ɺüͻͻֱֺܲõĸо
ȥˮ
ô˵Ѿˣ
ֻ仰ʲô˼˫֮ʲô
һͶ⣬Ͷɳ޿ɺⲻˮߣҹҽڽ֧ΪʲôȥУǲѾˮ
ɳ޿ɺѾûʱȥ˼Щˡ
ΪѾ߹ˡ
Σգ
δйΣո糱ˮ㸲ѹָоֱϢ
ڴ֮ǰɳ޿ɺͶ弫ɵʱָоҪԶ
֮Уͻʺʹ֮ǳͻٵģĿǰΪֹڴƣ޶ΪأҲϣҪͻڲ񣡡
ʱɳڿˡ


ڶǧһʮ ƿȫ֣
Ƥһ˵ţһʶȥǺ֮ǰرʾ˼㣬ԱߵĴA˶ʶƳԼĸһۣ¶һ˿ݡ
ļУ˵һΪԵرǸո¶ݵĸʣޱȡ
Լĸʾӡ
֮ǰУʿǷʾҪͶֶԸƣڣҪԸ˲Ÿոճ֣Լĸʡ
Aûȥֻޱȡ
ǺǣɳޣѾֵزͲҪڱǰϷˡ
嵭ȻЦ̤գ縲ƽأȥ
ڳ֣ڵһж֮С
ȻԶǧԵִζţֵһͻʾѾƿ֮УûκζܳԤϡ
ɳ޻ıʲôһ޼¡
ǸģΪͶԭ򣬱ûеһʱֻ֣ϧ㻹ˡѡ񡯣
˵󼸸֣ȻһЦƳɳ޿ɺһۣһ˲ʧ֮С
ã
ɳ󺧣һֱҪס壬֣Ϊ̫Ǳȡʱ䣬ֻû뵽ϲŭ޳Ѳ⣬һ̻Ժ㲻æ̸ЦЦһ̣ܺ׵ĳ֡
䣬룬ɳҲ룬ﱬȼգͬʱѸٵȥͬһʱ䣬͵һȥǻԵľǵأɽлɳŵصޱȡ
ȻһУӭֻļһ
ûõģ
Ĳ˿飬ɳ޿ɺŸոӳʮɣһ̣һһɫľգͬһŴһ㣬¡
¡𶯣ֻһޱȵĲҽУɳ޿ɺһֻһ㣬ǹɫ£صڵ氨Ļѩ֮Уز֮С
֮ɽ¡
Ҹһ
ʯ䣬һԻ̵ޱȣͻȻԶ
ôһһ̣סɳ޿ɺ
Ĺԭеɳ޵еʱ̶һգס
壬ң
һŭȴԶAķ˫Ŀͨ죬ŭȣ
ʧϣɱ
A˵쳹գһ̣˷ŭ˼㡣
ˣ
ʯ䣬һ˫Ŀɨ˹ȥAʧϣʧԭѾսϵĳǱĿסͻȻһɼĿֻţǹսѸʧĸɸɾ
Ը
ʧϲ԰ɫ߸߾еĳ
󽫾㡪
һĻAһͣѡ
ĿУ̫󽫡ʧϿǼᶨķɣAҲΪܵӰ죬ŶԴƳ⣬Ҳһж
û뵽ԼڼֵʱʧϾȻһͶ˿ԥûС
£ƱǿǴȥܺԿ
A˶ԼʧҲһΡ
ιΣʧϵķӦȴһ㶼
ͳͳ
²֪ݹ٣֪Եִͻʣضнյִ
ʧϳһ˵ţһѸٽǱµıӵһԡ
ʵ̫ǿˣ
ɳ޿ɺʵԶ֮ϣһ֣ɳ޿ɺȴĻᶼûУ׾ͱѹˣ翹ҲӲһơ
Ҳֻ·һ
Ҫǣʧˡ
ΪõϢڶǰ߻أ޳ĪŸҹĶжģȻ˭뵽һ̣ȻԽ֮ңͻȻͻʺ
֮Ʈ֮ԤϣĪ⣬ֱ˿־壡
ʧѾʧȥս־
ڽ˴ƺԼĶ䡣
£
ʧٴε
һ̣ϣڶݵԥ֮󣬴Ӻʧһ࣬еͻ佫׷˵ֿ
ߣȤ
ԹۣȻһЦ
ò˵ʧϵʵǳԤϣѾ׼Ҫˡ
ʧϣ㻹ҹĿ࿴һǿ书ǶԴƻǶͻʣǸв
嵭ȻһЦ̸Ц䣬Ȼ֡
䣡
ûʧϷӦ𶯣ʯͻѩ׷ɣһɰͻȻʧϽµĴƿնѸٺ֮С
ǹ΢۷壬Ѿﵽ벽켶ǿֱƿʧڵķĵΪһ֮סȫ
㣡
ʧ־ŭһݣʶҪѾˡ
䣬̶ֻʱ䣬ʧϵϢ˲ʹӵ۹󽫾ͨ˵ļ
ʧһ·𱻳һ㣬ֱӵ˵ϡ
һҲ˲ò԰ֽ
⣬͵ڷϳᣬͻʧצûκεвԡ
һ࣬ȴûôࡣ
ಣ
ָ繴ʧϵķһץʧץ˹ȥֱӶڽ¡
ʶʱΪܣֻڵ㣬˷ġ
帩ŽµʧϣȻЦ
ӣ㲻ɹģɱңͻҲ˳㣡ˣԶͳͻˣ
ʧҵʱɳ޿ɺ΢ͬ£벻Զĵط
ſڻѩ֮УѪ˿ǳǺʧϲͬһƣֱĵһ书
ڵɳ޿ɺѾͬˣ
ͲˣͻʼղʱɱͿˣ
Ŀǰ
ƽɳ޿ɺԼΧеͻ佫һвɵ÷һɺ⡣
ɱеͻˣ
ʲôķӲ˵Ļ
ˣֻ⵱һԷΪţ塭
еѾ֮ûЦó
֮Ա־壬֮Ϊɱ¾򡱣ûԭġ
ȻͻʿϺΥ˽²ʲôֽţҿɺĸԸеȨöɸĻӺͶ⣬Ǿһˣ
˵ţͷһתȻЦ
Χɳ޿ɺʧԼеͻ佫һݡ
үģͻȻԶڻ֮أҲԶţӽͻʱضǴᶨѣ
ʱһĻӺͶͷᶨ
ͻû˱˽壬֮ҪͶƣɳ޺AˣҪһԭ
ΪУֻ·һ
Ͷ⣬سŵ
ԣֻǵȻһЦ
⣬A˾ͽˣӦƵĴɣ
үģͶ֪ô
Ͷһ


ڶǧһʮһ Ȼ
ͻʺΨһҪĵľɳ޿ɺA˺ʧϣ棬⼸ѾΪǡ
ˣȺףȻҲв
ˣү
ʱһԭվڲԶġǴ󽫡˼һݣͻȻǰ
ǰĿ壬˼ֹЩ£ЩС
үӦҵ
˼ջ̲ס˵
ԭˣ
ȻһЦ
ȻӦ㳹κ߻ħȻͻȴڡ
ףף
˼Գһࡣ
˹֮սΪ󡱣߻ħʵ۷ʱһ룬󣬻棬ʩչɹڵƣһΪʵǣƾ衰̫ǡʧϣ¡
嵱ʱҲȣֻʱģҪ׵𰵼ٴγ֣˲С
ಣ
һ࣬彫ʧϺɳ޿ɺʱ˼Ѹɽȥ
ɳ޿ɺߣµľɽ̫ˡ
ֻнˣⳡͻʺҲ㳹ƽ
ˣɺѾͶơ
ľᣬǴϸʺʧϴ󽫾ƣǰȥƽɽµսң
ʣ󽫾ίˣ
˼˹غݵʹžͽ㴦ˡ

תͬʱͶҲѸ´һ
򶨴ݵһ˿ɫ
֮ѡĻӺͶⲢûԭģһǰʱȣڵĺͶı侲ǣ̥һ㡣
ڵѾ¶˵ķ緶ټ϶˼Ըƿͻʺ
ȻҲºͶΥػģĻֻѰ·
ৣ
ЩͷԺзӶӿٶȣ֮зݶȥ
ִҲһʱˣ֪Ϊʲô³ֵ֯ĸָһֵֺĸо
ǵǳ⣡

У̫˺аˡ˴峤֮ս伤ҡ
ע⵽˵ϵսҲע⵽˴ӵصƾճֵ塣
˺üƴȫҪɱа˺˴峤·ս֣ȴȫʧˡ
ԶеԶԸ
ǣǸֵǵĸоҲ¡
˵ʵԸһ˴峤һа˻ԣټһּĸ֣ѾǵĳܷΧˡ
սѸٱöǲ
һɵǣ
ʱһۻؼ𣬼ͬʱаҲע⵽˷ٿ壺
˵̺һɹϵȻġ컯ǣضмİ
Ȼ
ɫȻδ˵
쵰Ͳɱǣ
Уа˵Ļ̫ŭɶ
䣡
û˿ԥֲԨ֮Уٴӿһɰлɹĺƣһ㣬а˺ݺݺ˹ȥ
ͬ飡
аһԣʳжָɲǼſգ˲仯Ϊǧ޽̫Ĺصײһ
ͬǧڵаʩչȴһ˺ʱյɫĽǸһ޼᲻ݵĸо
䣡
һɹɾҵײһ𣬲̫εķŭûͻа˵ء
ߣ
ۿŽζ޷аˣ̫Ŀ⡣
ɽڣûգ¶ԷĶԶɳ޿ɺѾϣͻʴȥ֮Ѹ뿪ʵպ취ͻʺ£
ߣʱ뵽ߣˣ
һӶߴޱȣû˿ԥһɲǣͻȻ֡

ֻһ춯صľ죬Բʮڣ𶯣ӴɽѣĴ֮ܵĳǣ֮ѸٺڣΪһлصӴ󹥻
꣬һɲǣն·ѿˣһɿֲɫͬˮһǵأӺһ·̫ϯȥ
һضΪ֮ʧɫ
ã
̫һݣʱһǿҵΣС
ֻһˣа˻壬壬֣ʱͽȻͬ
Ĺ񣡡
ʯ䣬ֻһ죬̫׹һɰģ̺Ȼ֮Ե̶Ȼ΢֮ϵĺڰ֮Ȼ̫ϱǳĹâ۾
ֹˣ̫ʩչһеʱƲ׵Ȼһ߻գĮĮѩ̫
ԭʼİ£̫ʵҲİθһأüģֳһصĽɫġ
ǽɫķģЩģƺǺơ
䣡
ֻһ˲䣬̫ĺڰ׹⣬ͺԼа˵Ĺҵײһ꣬һ̣һɽϿն·˺ˣڵλΪģһɹɻҡ񱩵ޱ޼ʣ˷俪
еѩ·˾ֹ֮У񲻶
Ȼֻһ˲ۣһд͸Ѫ
У̫һ͵۾Ȼ󻺻صͷؿڣ֪ʲôʱһƥĻƽꪣĺĴ룬ǰĴ̳Ѫꪼⲻͣ£Ŀġ
ꪼ̳ͬʱ̫Ҳоڵ·ƵƤһٵйȥҲѸٱ
ǣ̫Ǭı
ؿڴ̳Ļƽꪣ̫ɫ԰ףĲš
֯ڣֱ̫ǿûһǷ֮ر̫ǬĻƽꪣӵмǿ֮Ҳһֵס
ôû뵽̫ǬǱȻ䵽ҶԷܹɹؼƽꪵ֮

ʱһĽӲԶ
һĻ͵۾˺Ҫͣˡ
̫ûѾˣ
û뵽̫ʵȻһжӲ
һз̫ˣֹ
ৣ
һ̣û˿ԥһΣ˴峤ͷҲصԶȥ
ķӦ죬˴峤ķӦ졣
䣡
һɲ˴峤йâһ˲׳еİɫȣֻһǰɫģ֦ĹͻȻڿն𣬻Ϊһɫľ縡Ӱһ㣬׷ȥ

ֻһУоΣգѣ͵ػͷһ˴峤Ĺ
ȻôƬ̵ĵ飬Ѿˡ
ɱ
Ŀһһץ̫籼׳磬׷ȥͬһʱ䣬аҲŷ˶
ֹУ
Ȼֻͣһ˲Ӱ첻󣬵˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
壬аˣ˴峤˵̫ʼĸ֣Ļ˿Եֵ
Ƭֻ֮һĲҽУսܿͽˡ



ڶǧһʮ ֵ죡

ã߿֮Уһ󳤳졣
ڣʵʱˮǴߣٴαһء
ֹˣһɲǼŤΧȻֳһջ󣬸һſγɵʯΧ
ڰǿգ
ȫҲͬڡڰǿա
һɹȫµġϵģ΢Ȼͬǿӿʣ̧ͷзѩĮĮƱοգȴܸоõ޾̫֮Уһſۿʯ
˫֮䣬ƺĳּΪϵܹ޾֮мȡ׳Լ
һʽ
һͻ֮УȻûа
а
꣬һšе·һƲһšϲӣӸ߿еȥһ׹ڵϣѩ
Ŀһת˶滹ʦץ̫
壬㲻úԵķˣûһк³
̫ԹŶݺݵ
̫ʼҲŹģ
ôû𣿡
仰巴Ц
ϴֻǲݣˣһΣͲôõˣ
㲻Ҫ̫⣬̫ʼѾ޸壬Ҳ˱ֻǰǿֻ㣬ѾʲôСݽӻˣ
̫Ųӣݺݵ
ĿɱˣֻѾˡ
Ŷ
üͷ΢Ǹջ
ʦһսǵ̫ʼѾһƺ飬ֻһֻܡ
Ǵ̫͸¶Ϣָˣһһµ
֯Ȼӵͨ
ֱˣ嶼һݣƾն˼ּɵ
ܿ죬ƽ
ģһҲٸᣬ̫ʼ᳹䣡
˵仰Цһٶ˵ֱһƿס̫ͷ­
䣡
컯̫̺ȻĹ糤ӣƺƵӿڣĹͬһʱ䣬һһɰľ糱ˮѸû̫ԺС
̫˵ٶ࣬վʩչ֮ȥȡ֯Ϣ
ʵﵽ̫ļѾ֪ܶϢˣ˵Ŀǰֻ֪һ
֯ĳѨ
ľˮкذӿ룬̫ʶ룬ˣ˸ٴοһľ޴ӡ
кһ̫Ժͬһƣͨ˲ͬԺеľƺֻΪ˷ˣȴԼ̳Ѩ
Ǻǣ㲻سˣ̳ǲ֪ġÿһ뿪̳ʱԺлԶɽƣõ󷨽ƣû˿Դƣʵǿվϰķˡ
ԶܺԿ
ڴʱһЦ̫ѪڵĹԴԴϵʧ˵ϢҲԽԽҲǺһ³ˣ̫ȴ벻⡣
״񣬿ĿǼͺһ˰㡣
޴ķˣ
֮ǰԸʱͿ֯ܣֻǳ룬һ꣬˵Ԫ֯ô
಻ôǿվ̫Сˡ
𣿡
ԣЦһҲ
ޣˣʦ峤һ֮
һɰģ֮廹ҪǿľͻȻ廳ƿնͬʱ˴峤аҲԣһһң˫ƴϡ
䣡
һ̣һ̫֮ȻĿУһɰģΪ֮ɫľȻ̫Ժ֮С
ֻһ춯صľ죬û˿⣬̫Ժǵɫģľ޴ӡұը
ǵĽƣһ֣ܵﵽĳּ޾ͻ᳹ױըһβͬڽɫƱըͬʱȴ֮ǰûпһЩɫƬ
Ǳ̫ӡĺļ䡣
ͻʷĻ͸ɵɳޣƻüӿˣ
ʳǱߣзH˰æǣƣ
໹ʮ죬͸ó£ˣ
ҷɽԳɹˣ
еһжĨٲɹ͸óˣ

޴տɫռһͦӰվţϢ籩һ㣬Ȼ˵òδȴ˲ϳ
̫ʼ
Ȼû
һĻһǰǿ
ˣ
ɫƬʧĺܿ죬գ֮䣬ֲ׽һƬϢԺ֮С
忴һ޴ɽ֮УֿһЩѩ׵ľޣ
еһÿ죬ʧø졣
ã
ô
ʦа˵Ӷߴ
ûҵѾЩˣ
˵ţһ̫ĲӣʬӰжȥ
¡¡ڵһˣϢʱǡ
⣬ŤֳͬһڰԨӰ
̫һѾȫӶᣬֻǳڵȻҪһЩʱˡ
ýһжˣ
嵭̧ͷһɲӹһ˿˵ĺâ


ţھͻʺĵطһ֧սãã޼ʣվ˹ظԭıͻʵķ
ϸȥ֧ǰһ佫ΰϢȼգ˹أܹﵽѪգ̺Ҳֻһˡ
ûϢ𣿡
ڸߴ˹ԱϣͻȻڵ
˹ÿһֱ£ܵӰ켸΢΢
Щ˹˹ؾϸѡģļƻֻҪʹǱ߸źţͻ˹ѸٱϣͻʴAһѹҡ׵춨ͻʺڵľ棬ͻʳ׵
ڴ֮ǰ˹ϾĿ̫óȻͻʴԭ»ܴ鷳
ɳ޿ɺҲôǵģ
شˣʱûյκϢ
ԣһٵ
ʹǱѾжûдϢˣ
ü
۳ɰܣϢӦһʱ֮ǰ͵ִˡ
ٹ
û˵ֻһ˫üͷԽˣ֪ΪʲôͻȻַǳĸо

ʱһƿͻȻӶдһ̧ͷȥֻһֻ㣬޾ѩԼķ
ӹѸٲż㣬ֻһۣ˲ɫ䡣
ôܣ
ô
׻԰ɫŵƶڲ
һλжʵ̫ͻȻˣҲ̫ˣ
ߣߣߣ
뿪ͣ
˵仰͵һͷҲص˹ظԭ½ȥ


ڶǧһʮ ֪
ˣ

ԭ˹У˲һƬң˭Ҳ֪ʲô
󽫾Ⱥأ˹ؼ˾֪˭Ҳû뵽һžܰų
ߣ
ԶӦ˵ȴһŭ
ͻȻͻʣһٿͻʵľ棬ƽиѹû뵽ġ
ҪǣǾζ˹ҲԶ
˹û˱硣
ѾΪȫµɷ񣬺˵᲻˹֣˹Ҳûаܴλʥл
¡¡һ̣Ĵ£Ƶ˹ȫ·ԶܶȥδսȰܡ
ʧ󲻾ãսգӰѸٳԭվĵط
Ӧÿ죡
֪鿴һȦͻȻʧЦ
ӵϵĽӡӦǸոճ룬ӡôңǾ֮񰡣
ǷӦˣ½˭үܹԶݣԥ˵һϸĽ죡
һЦԱߴ²Ҳֻǲ鿴һȦܿվ
һСС佫ȻҳЦһµĴ󽫾ǰֱţЦ󷽣һʱһʱ˭Ǹµıʥ
Ҳ죬ҪȻ˹ظԭҪʬˡ
²õ
ص䣬ֻ֪ǰ̽첻ˣӭǵĿһսˡ
ƺݿսڼ˹Ļϲ⣬ʱүǱǲ˼ôġ
ߣ
һ仰²úܿ췭֪һת뿪˹ظԭ

ͬʱңԶĶݡ
ո£ΡȻ׳̶׵İΧȻһȦǽϸȥǽ½ġ
ثʱΧûػǽһ˵ģݾлĲԡ
ȻɽͬϷѾо˾޴ѹ
壬ⲻ̫ˣȵҰͻʸ㶨Ǿһսʱ򣡡
ɽݣңԶͻʺڷ飬жʱһӴҰġ
¾㱸ֻǷ磡
Ŀǰռɳ޿ɺȻٳûʵϣûоĳ̶ֳϾѾǾˡ
嵱Ƿɽ£˲֪˲ɳ޿ɺĸ߰ô̵
ڰɽ˵ҪģֻǼһѻ𣬰ɳ޿ɺеľ
AˣѾ߾ȫİˣͿļƻˣ
ɽ΢΢۾а
ɳ޿ɺ֪A֮˽еϵ
׷˵ĺʼʢһΣӾʦ˽¾ʹЭ顣
AǱߣǰҲԼȫƻгû⣬ȵɳľմɱ¼һɳ޿ɺ㲻봦Ͷⶼˡ
Уûв鵽ʲô𣿡
ѩĮĮɽͷҲûأͻȻڵ
ͻʵݣ·;ңԶӥҲҪ죬ȴƣոǿıʿʿֻҪͻκεı䶯߾֪
ʵϣ̫֮ǰ߾Ѿڲͣļͻʵˡ
ܱҲͻĴͬҲУһԹ۲ֻҪԷֽŶѡ
ЩްܵĸЩǿңʱ޷ʵ
ݵļž֮󣬺ڴе
һϴһĺãϥڳǽϣָ
ӰʱǰѾڲͣˡ
Ǳߵ󲿶ôǿ𣿡
ɽһʱ΢΢üͷ
ǱߣȻᣬڿȴַ֮Ǻǵʢ磬ȡ¼֮ྐྵȻ뵽ټʿ齨һ֧󲿶ӣĳЩʱֹݵĳЩ
ֻһ㣬ɽҲòĿ࿴߿һۡ
Ͼͳӵ֮ʩʿ°վ΢СģСǿڱκ͸ţһдı䶯Ǳɽѩκ˶޷ڸǺֹġ
ڵأһݡ
ϾųʦǵĴڣжģûǲġ
⣬صģǰʱͻʵںϺͿ£ƣ˵ɳ޿ɺѾǰϣĽֻ˳ˮ۰ˡټ̫ͻʺ֮УӦû̫⡣
е
ɽԵ˵ͷĿеĹâȴԽѩˡ
ǳȻ˵û̫⣬ǴȻʲô©
ǬӣǬ棬׼ôˣ
ɽͻȻڵ
е±ѾѵɣеҲѾϣʱͶս
ǱѾϣ˵ķʽҲѾɣǶͻʺ߾۹ɡѾͬ⣬һսʱΪհһжҾ
⣬֮ǰ飬еս·߶Ѿ滮׵
ǬӺǬһһңͬʱ
ã
ⷬɽҲ
ֻͻǱߵϢǾʹƳ׵Ĵݿ壡
ɽŸݵķȴһ䣺
˳ҲСʬΣ

˵ʱʱ죬ʱս࣬һƥս㴭ϵʿɫţ־һţĮĮķѩ֮УŰķ򼲱
ͻȻĶ˳¥˵ע⣬ৣһ˲䣬ɽǬӣǬ桭˵Ŀ׷
Ǭӣȥһ£ʲô£ôŻţɺͳ
ɽɫһ䣬ͻȻǳ
ɽξԽԽأѾۼʮټıʱν޹زɷԲʲô鶼ôŻţɺͳ
ã
ɽ䣬ͻȻһڵϣͻȻһ׻һ㣬һѸٱò԰ޱȣ
ͻ䣬ɺAˣǺͶ⣡
ͻʳ׵˴ƣ
ʲô
ȼ仰ڸǰ˶УʱըǬӣãǬе佫ʱ׷ױɫ𾪵һ仰˵
Ͷλ
ͻʵƣ
ôܣ
ѵ̫ǿ֣ټAӦɳ޿ɺѾ޷㶨ͻʺ
ôܣ
ʱ˿̣ѾϾ˼ˣ˵ոǷɲ
ɽǬǲʲôҲڸɽУ½췭ظ綼֮ӿ


ڶǧһʮ ҷӵִ
ңԶͻʺķԭɳ޿ɺǿǣͻȻȡ֮âȴһǳAˣǺͶ⡣
ֹˣͶλʱĵҲ֮仯Ҳ䣬ƵѸٳͻʵķ򣬷һŶ
ֹˣϿգԭҲܵ˸ű䶯
̶ʱڣֱǾκˣ֮зı仯ʵ̫̫ˡ
ı仯øþıʿоľ޴𺳡
һлԶûн䣬ܿ
ˣͻʴϢĻӺͶʽǻƽˣַͬ߾۹
⣬ͻʺԶͻʺսʽս

𺳣
𺳣
һ˴վڳǽϣԺһƬհס
ڶ̶һڷı仯̫ˡ
ͻʺҲͰˣΪʲôȻԶͻʺս
Ҫǣ˵ڶûףֵ̫ڼɳ޿ɺAˣѹԵƣΪʲôͻջᵹ˴ƣ
̫Ĺˡ

ڰɽϢûӦʱ򣬽Ϣʱ䣬һƿյУ̧ͷʱѩĮĮؼ䣬һֻԴжͻʺĽȻд£Ѹų¥
һûȵܣǬһУָ֮䷢һӴ˲佫֧ͻʵĴץС
ǬӴż㣬ֻǿһۣһżӶʱò԰˲١
˹ɺϢڸոգͻʺٽͻʺ˫ڱ߽籬Ҵս
ͻʺΪȺ׼սܵǽ
¥һƬţѻȸ־ټᶨ佫һ̶ЩãȻţʴӡ
رǰɽ˵ɫͱѿޱȡ
쵰
ɽ˫ֽȭͷָ죺
ͻʲ׵ƣô£
ɽվڸ߸ߵĳ¥ϣӸ£ĸų¥
ޱȣݵĴڵϣͷȴϸܵ亹
·ͻȻʱд˵˵Ƶͻʣ
ʲô
仰¥ϣ˾ɫ䡣
壿
ǻڲݵĸ֮ôܻ֮ңͻʣ
ôܣ
ʦ֮ս˵̫ʼĸˣ֮⣬˸һģһڿ´棬λпĳƷ
ʱһǬ
Ҳһ֧רŸռ鱨ⷽϢҲԡ

Ѿһķ룬ԸտʼյϢǶЩ̫ţ̫ʼǱҲһԾӣмںЩ˶˵ʼûеõھʦһսϸϢ
ڿЩҲˡ
ô죿
һƬѹֺУһͻȻڵ
˵ļƻ֮УͻʺڼΪҪһ
ֻнͻʺпγһ飬ۺʵ棬ӵѹƵʵܹӵлơ
ڣͻʾȻͶ˴ƣȫ˵ļƻҪǣնһۣԭʵǿ˹ص۹ҲΪͻʵĹϵз֮⣬һ硣
˵ϢҲ֮Уʧȥ˴λǿıʦ
ǲ˹صľӣܵġ
˲ʱɽҲ
˵˼᲻֪ڵΣͻʺͻʵĽҲһ޷ıǰ˶ӵľ档
ѹޱȡ
ɽ۾һ
ս֣˶֪ʱһãͻȻ˶
־棬ѾǴȥͻʹͻʺ»ΪͶ״һͻʺҲ޷Ͷˡ
ǽ󷽣ԭڵأʱȴͻȻվ
ͬأȴ͸һ˿
µҪƾֻ֣ʣһˡ
ʲô
ⷬԤϣһ˲䣬ͺˮ֮ץ˾ĵݣɽڣ˷׷ŤͷĸС
书ߣʮˣ˲òϵǣУԽԽҪĽɫԶڴǬӣǬ֮ϡ
ʲô취
ɽܿ쿪ڵ
仯ждٳ֣עģ˭Ҳ޷ģӦ֮ˡ
ѾԼټһЩʿ룬һʱ䣬´䣬½дı䵴δӣݸδ֮أȵ֮ʱǽ˳Ӧʱ֮Ϊһ塣
ʱܵ˼ӳ֣ٱݲҲʵڴᴦڣ²˳ʱǽõĻᡣ
ν˳Ӧһ㣬ܴܴƣ
г
˳Ӧһջӹÿĳ֮ʱЩʿһЩӦٵǱʵܶ֡
еַҲǻ˼Ĵۣһżеġ
ͽˣ
ɽĬƬ̣ڿڵ
ڸ˵ķɽ֪˾ʦһУʢȡʥһ£ɽѾ֪ܶഩ丽ᣬǰΪŵĶʵʵڵģӵԶͨ
Ѿûֻܼϣڸеķˡ
ţ
е˵ͷûж˵Щ飬ʱˣȻҲˡ
ǬӣǬ棬Ǽ̳취ͻʺͻʡ
ɽܿŤͷ˴Ǭӵˡ
ǣ
ǬӣǬ棬˵ͷ
¡¡
Ҫת뿪ʱͻ𣬶򣬴𶯣ѩ죬һɹɰϢԾ˵ƣݵķ
ͻȻı˵ע⡣
һۣ˻ûпʲôһ̡
ϣ
һƥ븯õսϹ⼣߰ߵսףȻĮĮķѩ֮зݶսϣһĸߴսʿҲ֮˵Ұ֮Уһɲգÿ˶з·ȼյɺ죬ҰŰᡭָӵĸ˫ɺ֮С
εϣ˸оκλ˵Ϣ
ҷӣҷӣ
ʱһŵĴǳǽϵˣԶİ
ΧԭһƬžбָλȻ򣬵ʱ򣬾ͺһȺͻȺ֮УݸһƬҡ
һɲǣڲݡѵ±ȫֹжæȥһһ㡣
ҷӣ
̫ʼŵĵҷʱִˡ
˶ûϵģ


ڶǧһʮ ҷ죡
¡¡
ѩĮĮɽҡضԶԶȥǧҷһſһǵأɽƣŰķӵǧɺģȱ䣬˿ԳΪκجΡ
ôҷӾۼһǹ˵Ϊһ壬ʹ󶼲˱仯¡¡ЩҷŰͬʱϿշӿĺƻ۶ͬһЩҷսʿŰƽ
ǿ
侲
޼᲻ݣ
Щҷսʿ˵ĸоȣЩҷӵﵽһ̶ȣƺĳʵı仯֮ӵǿ¡
ֹˡ
ণ
һ׶ޱȵХڶǰһͷ׶ߣǿ׳ޱȣһҷȻĮĮķѩ֮Ծ
ϣ
Уֻ˰ҷֳֳǹµսһ̤һȦ׵ģв԰׻ȼյĹ⻷˲Ľ±ŷѸٷ
̶ʱڣһһɫĹ⻷ҷӵĽ£Щҷӳеħһ㣬ԽĿ¡
⻷
ҷ죿
һ̣˵ͨɽ͸жˡ
̫ʼ͵һҷսʿʵ̫ǿˣ˴֪Щ˵ҷӾȻӵ졣
䣡
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ھ밲һǧɵĵطҷ뻮һͬһʱͣ˵Ŀ⻺תܵĳһ˰߸߳ǽϵİɽ
ž
ޱȵļž
һɲǣݵؽ綼·ʱ侲ֹһ㣬ʮݴʱҲװ
ɽӣнֹ˼飬ʵ˼飡
߸ߵĳǽϣǬ濴һĻ۾Ĳš
ҷӱѾǳǿټϼʹָӵγܻƣ£
ϲϲ
һ̣Ǭ漸Ǻԥعڰɽǰ
ϲϲ
󣬴ǬӣԼڶݽ죬׷׸Źһе
һ̣жŽе
òϣҷӱлҪǿö࣡
ϲϲ
߸߳¥ϵһĻ˷еҲ׷׸Źһޱȡ

˷ãã޼ʵսʿرЩǿҷսʿɽĿѩҲɺһ޾Ұģ
ãЩҷӣγ²ɣֻ仯ˣ壬ⲻ̫ˣ
ϷĸݣɽܵЦֱ

գ۾ȥҲݵĶʱ˿̣ңԶľʦ

үѶͻʺͶͻʼսһͻǱΪ׼˲أ˹ɺȻŭѾ׼ͶǱҲвСɿأĿǰͻѾսԳˣͶѯʽӦô
ȸһż㣬
壬ȸǷĵһ˱ϣֱӾͽͻʲԭ췭ظ
Ͷͻʺ󣬾Ҳû·ˣƽͶ״
ɣ
̫ʦУжһ裬Ƶ
ڴӦʳҲһȥɣ
ʩԦ֮ȻúͶ⹥ͻʣĺ·ͬҲһʳͻȼü֮
壬˱Ͼ࣬ĻͬϰҲͬûһԾŶ˵ǸͶĿ𣿡
սʱͻȻѣ룡
ڴʱһһھ岻Զĵط³ͬһյЩǵ
ϸȥﲻֻ³ĸϣب̽Ԫã飬Լܹ̫ҡ
͢ڴˡ
³ĻеĿȫеϡ
ģ£
һڱеɫݣȻ
һսϵشˣǧƵĴưգȫϵУô飬ܸ£ȫںͶҳϡ
Ͷ֮ǰѾ𣬽ͻеţԼȫǨڵأֻսʿڱ⣬ǵʳҲֻ࣬άһʱ䣡
嵭
һ䣬˵ɫʮ־ʡ
Ͷ
λͻʵ¿ɺǸ˰
һǳ׽˴Ƶĺ֮ǡ
Ŀ磬˵۵ףֻǵȻһЦ
ͶȷʵǸȤˣ˵꡶Ҫ֮ϰľʷӼ֮ǰһϵҪЩȷʵûа׶
Ͷʹƣ֮룬һƵĺ֮ǣһ˵ͶĸȷʵˣʵͶơ
ҲڶԺͶΡ
˾ٺòˣүۼҾɣ
ʱƳһۣͻȻڵ
һǴ»ģĳ̶ֳҲǶϿɡ
ۼҺͻϵĵĻǶİɽүǱôˣ
ҵ
ݴϢֶҷӣ⣬ʮҲӦÿҪѵɡû⣬ʮգ͸ˡ
΢۾˵Ļ𶯲ѡ
⣬ү
ʮ죡
ô
үЩҷô𣿡
һʵЩ
ȷʵɵУһаţλɷġ
ƽ˶٣ŵ
ǣıѵΣ
үİӡжֵѵŻҪʮܳɣͨǱߣȻѾڽܹĵѵʱִ٣»Щ
վ󣬳
ԣ˼
ÿһ죬ɽʵ׳һ֣õķʵһ׼׵֮ǰͷⳡսͬСɣɽǱѾʵǿ󣬿ԳشҷսԶӡ
ûİӡЩľƺѺԼԿ
廹ǰɽʵںʱܡ
壬սѾ𣿡
ʱ³ˡ
ţǰ߻ԼĿǰõսҲǾѻõĵطʼΣյĶߣݷԽþԽΣգǧ򻯣վ䲻ڣ˹صıΣԲǺͶ֣Ļ롣
ͷ
պսս֮ǰʵѾ۹ܶ飬ջѡ˺ǰ߻ء
̫Σˣû˱


ڶǧһʮ 쾳
̫Σˣû˱
ǳ̲һսζһҪǰݵģһıָӣ͵ǻɽ֣δ󺣣ʱɵвͼ̶ֳȺȫȡ
ڶĵľŲ˹صͰգҹǰݡ
һֻҪ˵ĸ֮פһֻӣټͻʵıͿѻ꣬˴ʧˣ޷Ȼɡ
˵ĵڶսΪ갲ŵ֮أҪʹλϾʦ޷ӳӦе
һ弫Ҫ
ǣ˹˴ӱԼ϶ָΣ
ڣĶ棬Щǵ
һֲ룬¤ǱȾͻս֮УʱͿ̿ûִܳܵۡ
ģ¤ǱߣѾǰ֮ǣ˹µ·ȫסǱѾǧ˵󳵲ӣ⣬ʮڸվͽִңگǱߵʱҲȫЭ
˵Ĳ壬ȴ³
һ㣬֮ǰ˽ݵʱѾǹ
¤أķʵǷ٤گ
ֻگսվǲ˵㣬ԲΪػУڽսͲˣʱʵҲǹگĴϣһԸ
һѾӵһٶگĴҲֻǽ˫ֲͬЭʱ»⣬Ūãﲻæ۴Ƶľӡ
ˣǷϷ˹˷õѡ
һ˹˽گòŴǣֻҪʱ伴ɡ
⣬³۹¤رô죬ϾԴʵگǱսҲȫԤϵ顣
Ľǣ󺮳٣ռûκε壬ڶսҲ̫Ӱ죬ҪĴ۾̫ˡ
һսˣе˹˿¶Ӳһ֡
Ϊһߣǲѡģ
ԭˣ
³Ļ鳤һ׷
ʱȣһǸϽһ½Эɣ
ʱĴب˵ˡ
սɱô򵥣Ҫ۹Э漰ķ̫ˡ
Ҳ˵ͷΧмɳ̣˺ܿһ𣬼ҵ
ãһн뿪
üģͱ֮һλص֮С
۹ǧͷҪĵĶ̫ˡ
͸취쾳ˡ
һԺӹһͷ
۹ƶ£ѾȫӳԴԴϵĴҹͣȥӵѵҲڰͰĽС
ʼջһļɵ
̫ʼ
Ժһˡ
̫ǰԺв׽ļƬ̫ʼѾɹתұñǰǿ
ֻж쾳ܶԿ쾳
취Ľ붴쾳һ̫ʼսϣһཫ˿ɵ̫ʼʵƷĶ⽫ɱȫ׾ٵ¡
ֺ˶еġ
ʱԽᵽʥ˵ģ֯ʼǴв仰ĺ塣
̫ʼڻûг֣ǰ߻ǱҲû⵽ĹԽˣзԽǲ
̫ʼڲ֣ضڻʵֻΪһ̳׵춨ս֡
ΣһҪʱϣִﶴ쾳
а
ˣ
ֻգ֮䣬뵽˹У˲ʧȡ֮صĿռṹԼһ˿ع
һУ䵽УǼʶһУһĲѣֱֲݱԴľ磬ǧġ
ֻǿһУȴ΢΢üͷ
ԴӾʦһսõͼİԽ磬ڶϵֹڴˣûʲôʵı仯
ֽչͨ˵Ѿˣ˵ȴԶԶ
ʱ䲻ˣܳɹ̤붴쾳ʱսϣ̫ʼȻǸ֡
ôܳɹﶴ쾳
а
ܹоóԼĶ쾳ʵûôңԶֻһعؼĶͿŶ룬ĵңں̫ǬĶģͼԼİԼʦһսԼ̫ʼͼĶ򣬳ɹ쾳
һƬžǰֵĹ磬Լʱձ࣬Ժд˷̫Ǭ̫ʼͼʥʡ
ӴЩ쾳ǿߣչֳж쾳һۻͳͳǰ
һһʱ֮С߽񣬻īͬһ㡭̬һһ֡
Щʱ֮ڲС򳦣߿ڲ壬·۵ʯߣ߹⻬羵ֱ
һ·ӴĶ쾳ǿߣǺܶһӶģҪǣüν뵽ʱͨڲʱ֮˽ԶԶԽͬ΢ǿߡ
ֻˣ΢쾳Ȼһ޴ǵͻƲعؼ߱ģˣıߡ
Ҫô

΢쾳ҪȡĶϢʵ̫̫࣬ǾžʥʣҲ˰ʱ䣬ʱֻʮ죬ô̵ʱ䣬Ҫͻƶ쾳̸ף
һãʼղҪ죬жپԽķꡣ
ݣ
âһһ̣˲仯Ϊһ磬ӴзӶʧ⡣
ʦϿ֮ܲУĮĮķѩ溮Х£־ʦ
ź£λڱľʦҲܵ˲ʦһƮѩ
ֻǺͱͬʦⳡѩҲ൱ĶѣԶûôẮ
ˣ
һ̣ھƲ·ʮɵĵطâһһӰƾճ֣ڰ֮У塣
һɹɺ紵оһ䣬侲ࡣ
졢ʱա򡢷򡭡
Щ֮䵽ʲôʲôǶ쾳У

ĿӹգӹƲ㣬ӹؿռ䣬䵽˴أλøȥʦ۵ס
ܹؿʦ֮һͽеˡ
һ̣Ŀӹʦʱһĸо
оƺһĿڡ̽Լ

ֻʱ䣬һͻȻ
߹
һ𣬴ʱҲ
ʱ˿̣ĮĮķѩ֮Уڡ̽ԼĲʥʰػĸ߹Ǻˣ
쾳ֻһˣ
գ߹ʶ͸һ˿ʡ
ǣ
ԥһ£ܿ˵ͷ
϶ʱһƬĬã߹ٴ
˼飡̶̵ֻʱ䣬벻ѾﵽΡ
߹͸һ˿Ե̾


ڶǧһʮ ļԣң
֮;ѣԼãǶڸ߹˵Ժͻٶȼֱ̾Ϊֹ
ǵڲŶʮ꣬Խˡ
ʥ֮⣬ûмܹˡ
˽ʥԤϵѾǰһࡣ
ǰһѩʿһصı£ڵϣп
£
߿֮УʿĻȴǶһ¡
ʥʽ٣ȡ֮ʱ򣬸ʿʥߣʥʺϵһͻƣʿӦöֱӵļ֤ߡ
ʥʵ΢ͻƵ쾳ҲһԣҪǣʥǰԤϵԼѾӣеһж׵˵ʥǰǷڻˣʲô
ʥʵԤϵԼ쾳һĻʲô
뵽̲סֱ
߹ʥʵô쾳ģǷ˵ʲôʲôͽصĶ
ѹеļ
Ǻǣ˵صĶʵʥʰܽĶǸͭˣܽʲô
߹ʧЦѾ˼
֮;ѣʲôݾأ

߹Ļʧ
˿ˡ
ʥȻûγ쾳ؾȷʵ˵仰
ʱ򣬸߹ٴοڵ˵һ
˵һĴﵽһʼ쾳ֻһأʼͻƣҸ㣬κʱԶ㡣
ﵽ΢ϣÿһ졣ʵѾûܹˣΪÿĶǲһġ
쾳ֻ֣ÿؾĶѧԼ÷ͬ˵ùֻк棬Ͼͬ·ڲͬδͬ
ֻܸһ仰κʱ򣬶ҪԼ·ҪԼȥ٣κʱ򣬶ҪԻ󡣡
У˵ӵһۿʱߣؼûκεָҲ߳Լĵ·
ļԣң
߹
һ䣬߹Ϣʧ٣Уȴ˳˼
߹˵ǷʵûṩκϢ
ˣ
а
һֱ²ϡ塢֮ңδǳƽ١ҪԼĵʵ̫̫ˣ֮£岢ûôʱϡ
컯ɹһ·һаŵ÷ǳ׵Ķ¼ǿǲ֪幦չ漰Ѿǹ;򣬺͹ûôϵˡ
һУѾˣ书ʵǸ˱ʹġ
Ǵ컯Ǵɹǰ˴޵д
ڣԼҲ֪ߵؿڡ
һ˵ʥ˵Ĳûд˼ʵҲǰʾԼ辶Լ

ΧѩХ徲գһ˼
ǰ֣Ⱳӵľʯ䣬ͳͳԺзӶţڤڤУһЩǰǸʱǧࡣ
ĩʱҵʱͬʱҲ书ʢʱΪ˶ԸЩߣܶ취νǿʮ󷨣ʵǼ˵ǻһġ
ڵ˴Լ·ʱˡ
߿УԼ૵
ţǹɽѹɢ˽ž޲״̬
Ǻǰκʱ򶼽Ȼͬ״̬
һֱż޵ѹΪ˶Կĩպƽ٣߳ϱǿµĺڰϵѹֱ
嶼ûɵʱ򣬼ʱҲżΪǿҵĹԺĿԣһ̣ڴսǰϦʥǷ£˶ſˡ
еѹΣһ̶ݵж£ֻô굽嶼׵ķÿϸſ
£ľչ˵ľ֪Ҳǿ˼㣬ʱգԼֹ򣬻ܵĸɱӡ
ʱѾȫЩ
Ժ˼뵽˺ֹܶܶ࣬أ࣬ԽǰǶ̶һеεεһС
еһ赲Լǰ֪ʵԼʧҡ
ļԣң
ڤڤУʥ˵Ǿ仰ͻȻԺ
Ҳһɲ·һ޴£Ժе˲ѣǧͷҵͷһʧøɸɾ
ˣ
һ͵ۣһ˲ٴοʦ
ľʦǽ۴αȡ岼һ¥̨б鲼ʦˡһͻȻǰСһ̰Ӱ
ʦرһݣڤڤУһͷͻȻӹԺ
ʱ䡢ռ䣬ⲻһռ𣿻Ҵһʼʹˣռ䲻ֹԴһ̽
вһҪ΢ȥ̽һԡ
а
¡
ڳ˼ʱϷһŤͷȥֻʦǽλãһªé϶ѩƺܲסѹéݷѩѹ̮
ⲻǿռƻͻ𡭡
ڤڤУһԺ˲סˡ
ϣ
ͬʱһ촫ŤͷȥһĽУƺм߲֪ʲôԭͻĴ˳Ƿͳע⣬ֵĳǷͳѸһͣŴ򶷵ļ߰
λøֻϳǷһԲĳͬˡ
һֵ͵սڽͬʱҲԷԸ
󣬳ǷͳϿ͢Ѹںһ
ĽǶȿȥȴԲϽӽںΪһⲻǿռı仯
øˡ
ѩУһܼĽûС
ѭȥֻʦżҵλŨ̹һżҵʦڽܹĵĶżͥԺģ忴һͬݰ޴ĸеʮżҵӵЭͬѸٳΡ
Ƕǰ߶Ƶսе
ʵⲻǿռ͹𣿡

˼Ʈɣһ̣ڶ쾳ĹȫĹۣһֱΪ뵽֪̽ﱾԴȻȥһĪ̺
꣡
ڤڤУ·ʲôһ㣬ĳ޴ӲͻȻѣȻһѷ죬ѷ컹ڲչ졣
ˣ
вЩһ̣еʱ֮仯


ڶǧһʮ 쾳һ죡
һ̣ʱ·Żû˿ףЩԭƮѩͻȻ֮ӯƮٶҲ֮Ż
ԺЩҡɢĶ쾳֪ʶ·ܵĳεԺз·̰ľʦӰںһ
һ˲ƺ뵽һ硣
¡
·ֻһɲǣֺͣ·һըʦ˶һ춯صľ죬߿Уڴƿ֮ͻƳﵽһؾ硣
ͻƿٶȻǺ
һ
аͷոӹԺ䣬âһͻʷصĵһ̥͵ڶ̥ͻȻԾһһҳԡ
飡
̥ͬʱ˫磬ͬʱӶ̫Ǭ쾳ڡ
õ̥֮ľʱԽڶ쾳Ҳ˲һǧ
¡
ȻһлԶûнֻһ屾Ӱձã̻Իֺͣ׳ʮ˲֣һ¥̨ޱȡ
Ȼֻգ۵Ĺʮ˲׵ըѿ
Ǻܿ죬һ£ʮں򵽵Ķ֮عһȫµķʽ֯졣
ⲻͨʮ죬ҲͨĴɹع֮¹ʮ죬Զǰ
ˣ
âһֻ䣬ȫ¹£һȫ¡̻Ի͵¥˲֡
ʼֻһ㣬ǰܿͳֵڶ㣬㣬Ĳ㡭ڲӡ
߲㣬˲㣬Ų㡭ʮһ㣬ʮ㡭ʮؽԶеĻҪöࡣ
ֻʮ㣬ϢǿȾѾԱ֮ǰĶʮ㣬ʱϢȴԶûֹͣ
ֹˣȫµʮ컹ɢһǰδйʱղ
һȫµģֻ
޵ʮͶһһǴɹĴʼ˶ûϵ

ѩĮĮ߿еı仯ͨ˵ңԶļһ緢飬ԶԶǵĸ֪룬һЩ˵ȴȫˡ
ո
һϣĿͻȻ֮䣬оеı仯Ȼһ͵ա
Ƕ졭ôܣ
Ǻͻֵģôûϵһ̣Ȼϸܵ˺ͻƵϢ
һ죡
һ죡
ܴﵽ΢ǿߣ¼ﰵļʵܹﵽ쾳ǿߣ֯ڣǷëǣ֮١
ڣȻﵽ˶쾳һ죡
ӴԺ󣬷£ܹѹˣָ
Ҫǣյ嵽ΪֹڲͣĽ֮Уܴﵽʲôز˭Ҳ޷жϡ
ʱ˿̣עձ仯ģԶֹǸۡе
֮ģ£ûпˣ
ԶԶģ򣬻ǰ߹ڲ®ǰſеı仯ҲǸиŲѡ
֮ǰ̸ֻ֮Ϣʧȥ
¸ʿû뵽ԼֻתʥǷп޵ĻȻľʹмȡͻƾ磬ﵽ˶쾳ľ硣
ûַʽͻƵġ
ʱΪƵ۹ʥʣԼ֪δͼ⣬ȻûܹΪϳ塣
ֻһ̣Ѿ¼䳬һľǿ֮У
ֽʿûϵоοѡ
ʱ仺ȥɢϢԽԽǿôһ̣ʦ˶оһѹֻƬ̵ʱ䣬һбʧˣҲʧˡ

ʱ仺ȥƽһһ캮䣬֮䣬˶ͻʱݵĳͻ֮ƽһƬƽͣսȴ֮ͻ֮սʱ򣬻Ũ౶
˽£ݣѵ
ңԶͦƵ˹ص۹һֱغĸ߾Īˣ庮ϸȥŨ̹ĪڼӿٶȶԼ
һִδйĬȴĬıж
Ŵϵս׼ڳۿ磬Ҳͬű仯
֮Уɱɭɭ
ʮ󣬵ɱϢﵽ㣬ڷʱ䡣
¡¡
ʱ֣û˿ףʦ𶯣һϷһ߸ߵĳǽͻȻשʯһء
ڵĵطǵһ޴ι̨ͻȻмѿˤ롣
߰Աڲͻһţ⧲ˤڵء
ô£̨ǰԬʦôܻͻȻѿ
ҳȴϾ˼ǱˤĹ̨һ𾪲ѡ
ǰ̫ڻʵʱڵԬԬʦԱʿͳݵĴڣеһ㡣
Ĺ̨ޱȣ֮;ĵļ㣬Ҳ˿𻵣ڣ̨Ȼһ٣ֱ˲š
ǰԬʦʱ˵ڣˡб١Ǵ֮װ
һԱͻȻɫ԰׵
̨ܹˣ쿴󣡡
𺳵ʱһĹԱͻȻУһֱָָա
һ仰˲˵ע⣬˷׷̧ͷա
磬ֻͨܿ棬ǶĹԱ˵ȴܿһȻͬľ
һɲǣֻȺϡԼϷһɹɺĴߣڱǿգֹˣȥǳ׹䡣
䣬ݵض˥ߵĴ֮࣡
ǰļգͻȻʹļ׵
¡¡
ͬʱƺڻӦĻϷɽ֮Уû˿ףһ޴͵ɽͻȻ𶯣꣬ʯɽ͵䣬ɽϣĴҲ׷׶ѡ
һ˲䣬⴦ӴɽƺܵĳεĳͻȻ֮ѿϳء

ûжע⵽һ̣ɽһͨۿľȻ̧һʹ˻
ɽ֮УһʿųۣɢڸطһĻɫ԰ײѡ
ϡԼ¤شȺɽ֮УͬڲϷЩطɽͶϿЩطǴ󴨸ĵЩطֱѿһط졣
з׷ױ
ʹ̫У֨ѽһƿһۣһֻﻹץ׼ĵ£ɫصĴ˳
ͬ档
䣬ʹΪܵĳԶڸ֮ϡ


ڶǧһʮ 䣬Σ
߳ʱ򣬽µػھҵĲʹ󾪽ܵŵĹŮܹƬˤ
ʹһƬҡ
£ʹ䣬ҪҪ
һһƽۣǰֹ࣬
ˣ
ɫ˰֣ԥؾܾˣ
һ֮κʱ޶뿪
̧ͷĿ˳Ϊӣңı仯Զ˵ĸ֪Ϊ񣬵ʱڵҲڼ粨
ʣ˵ʱ𣿡
޷֮Ƹ֮󣬲ʲôΣ޶һ֮ţ
ԣĿȴŷһѩĹâ
ʹϣ֮Уıͬע⵽⺱仯
ıԴѾ˶𣿡
޳趯ͷգа
Уûʲô޴ʱ䶯ʿУ̺ԭ򣬰ν˥ߣ˵һеı仯һ򵥵Ľ͡
ĺڲӿЩڱ粻ϵۻشﵽһٽ㣬ʱ䣬ʼ˶ҸʴıԴԲЩ䶯
һжνͺ֯Ѳϵ
ǲң̫õģһһҿǵĿǳ׵Ļ𣬲ڴ֮ǰ
建תͷĿ⴩ؿռ䣬ңԶݷ
Ȱν֮Ӹɵⳡսɽ׼𣿡
¡¡
һһҵ绮գӾʦķңԶĶ
ʱ˿̣ȥ֮ȴֳȻͬľ
ϿգƱοգԶԶȥӶͻʵı߽翪ʼһֱ߾۹ĩ˶һĺڲϵسݵķȥЩ˥ߵҲһǣ£ͬ۶ȥ
ϸȥϿգһްƻۣһ޴ĺϷŴƾʦķצƺڸɽһ㡣

һҵӹž֮ϿյӳĵԽֲ
֮أеսʿ佫ڣ;ˡ
˿ŨܣͬʱҲ׵ҵĵطǡǡǰϿգͬʱҲǺͷڡ
ĳЩʱһϸ׵磬ӹգӡڵϵİϣͷ·֮ĳصϵһ㡣
ԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽڤڤиһǿޱȵѹȸС
ˡ
ǰлشջĿ⣬ӹһ˿ѩĹâ
䣬Σ
ȻڹжصļأʵҲǵһμʶ
ⲢǺƻô򵥣֮л̺ϴξʦ֮ȡԼΪδ֮صߺ϶Ϊһ
ɫڣȴ⣬ûϸ
Ϊռ£Ψкӵһ߻ᣬԭƷе
ȵʱҲʵת䣬ɺɱΪ
ɰ֮䣬ûж
ȥ׼󣡡
һͻȻԥ
ش䣬ΣĻǧѷ꣬գٳûƣ׳ݡ
ǣ
ڸ·һӦһѸٷԶɳ۶ȥ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬¡¡ݴҲȻϸȥݵıشλһ𣬺ĺΪһ塣
ǳĺ֮Уÿһ߰ʿһ飬̤۶ɡ
м䣬߷һ󶦣߷һͭ죬߷һ޵ܣ߾һͭеĶ̬죬һǹͨģǾЩȫīޱȡ
в֪ټЩʿռЩŹֵĺɫŲó
УɫеĺӦڲһ˿΢ı仯
䣡
·ֻһɲǣַ·ͣеĺȡˣ׳˼㣬ڴѾõڷˡ
ֻһ죬Ǳɽ廹ҪӴֲĺɫͷȻһţһڻ׵ĺɫƺƵ֮٣صĻ·İ
һɲؼž
Ƭ̣ض·ѿˣӴͬһ㣬԰ΪģѸϯݡ
ĺƣһʵͬһ㣡

밲ĵطһݵսʿֳֳǹؼףڸ߸ߵĳǽϣͻȻ֮䣬壬սʿһͷըͷɢҰһ㣬Ȼͷһĳ
ֻ꣬һ˲䣬սʿȫž죬ԭֻһصΪһ̣ȴͻȻǣֱһͻƵءءءֱӴﵽ侳صľ硣
֮Ľչֱˡ
ͬı仯ϡ
һݾڣ佫ͨʿ䣬һȫ֮ܵļӳ֣ʵڽ侪ˡ
ݼϣǬӡõ˿һĻ;ˡ
Ȼ֮ǰ˵ôҲû뵽νĺȻ֮ĹЧ
ݿʮĴ
Ŀǰеʿ䶼ܵ˼ӳ֣ٵؾ磬ء
ǬӡõԭΪԼΪѾﵽ˼ߵľ磬֮Ӧòû뵽һҲܵ˼ӳ֣ʵ˲ٵ
ȻһлԶûн꣬һ·ؿѵľ죬վ޴ĺԣһ޴д޵Уת˲֮һɫ·һ뵽ݴʵ֮С
ݼϣɽһĻһ漴ʲôЦ
֮
ؼʱ̣Ϥ֮ٴγ֣ͬڰǿԼʵ
һ̣綼ڰ
壬𣬿綼վߣ㻹ƾʲôҶ
ɽſ˫ۣĿѩЦ
׼
ʱ򣬸еͻȻӶߴ
ɽһ漴˳ŸеĿ̧ͷֻ߿޴ĺ˫Ѫ죬ͻȻŷ̫ҪĹâǾ޴ͷתͷȻ׼
ǡ
ɽûӦһֻ̣һ˫֮ɺĹâͻȻŷ϶ΪһΪһִɺ磬͵һؿռ䣬ڰɽϡ
ͬʱһɫҲڰɽϡ

ɽըͬһУֻ˲ͬɽвް˿ʹ̺࣬һ޾á


ڶǧһʮ սս
õ˫֮ɺ֮ĹעϺɫãɽϢѸٱǡ
̶ֻһ˲ɽͷϷһռͨ򿪣ɫ΢ͬٲ£밲ɽڡ
΢
ֻһ˲䣬ɽͻƾ磬ﵽ΢
֮ǰս׵ﵽ΢ͬһΣɽĹǣʵڲս׵ͻƵ΢
ʵı仯
̫ˡ
ܵڰɽ˷Цܲѡ
δܹǿҪǣɽڲ
һ̣һڡϢ³ɽ죬ԶԶȥµȻ۳һĺڰɽϣߣӳĵһɵĵ֮
Χ˻ûиоϣһֱעŰɽһĻ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ɹˣһ𣬡ˡڶΪһǺ
а
֮ǰİɽȻҲǺ񣬵֮ϵԶûôι̣ʲôʣڶɷҲпӦ׵Էϡ
ǵǹɺ֮䵽ɽϣһоޱ
ֻǰɽ
ɽҲעδӣ֮
䣡
֪˶ãͻȻ֮䣬ɽפݶȻһȭĺ̺һɽ⣬罭һֱֱӺǧԶһŤһĺɫʱѷ졣
ǰѾԶԶԽ˵۹󽫵ļκǿΪ֮ľ
һ̵İɽϴսףϢɽ纣ޱȡ
壬һҪʩϵĳٱĻر㣬һΣ㲻κεĻᣬһὫĸݣͬҪĴƣڣȫʬΣ״ݻ٣
ɽЦޱȡ
ϣһĻкԥߵɽǰӣȥĿ棺
ʱˣ
ͬʱǬӣãǬҲʲôѸǰ鼤ȥͬ
ͼҵڽգ
սɣ
¡¡
ƺ˵ɲǼ䣬԰ΪģԶʮȥ




һɽХ쳹ء
־κ˶ʹõģ޶գ޶˳ƺɽΪʱһʵѾ¶š
һ̣ڲԼҰġ
ؼž
ɽվڸߴӸ£һУؼĮĮķѩԼʮϥأ룬ƾ˵ԶɽϵҷսʿȵԼΧĳ佫ĳġ

ɽһȴԽĿȣѹõҰһ̷·ҰһҲѹƲס
ϣ
ڤڤУϿգһѩĺһ̣ɽԥسϵĳĽֱָգ
ھѾգ壬޵ս
ɽȵ
һ̣ʮ·𱻵ȼĻһ㣬ŷ
սսս
սսս
սսս

һ˷ܵ˻쳹ء
һĻɽҲźЦ
ĳ佫£ʮװ磬ˣγ²ɣ

ɽһ£ݵضҡһս˻ʮͻɽһ㣬һУϷ˵صӵȥ
ɽͬʱһ
߾۹
Ԩıϲɫףפ趼Ǹʵĳǽϡ
Ȼʹȣ߾ֻСԨҲ㲻ӣΪԨͬӵһ˿΢½ԨͨĸӦܹͬоõ˥߱Ҳܸоõ֮صˡ
˳Ԩ˵еһжԤһ顣
һڵˣ
ԨĻһɷ籩ƣָһɽǷż飬ֽмӳǽƮɢ¡
ǽ·һ޼ʵĸ߾ʿִ񣬱ɭϣһܰ㣬ǱףĺУ͸һɹɱ
ʱ˿̣˶ڵȴԨĵ
ϣ
ؼһԽĽʣ߾ʵۣԨĵһΰγĳڳǽ֮ϣңָݣĵʮ
Ҹ߾ʵۣԨģʽս
ս
ս
ս
趼£ɱ쳹أ߾ʿ־ٳɱ졣
ˣ
ս¡¡𶯣ǻֺսУ߾£

ͻʺ
ɺ߾۹Ǳ߷źˣ
ѩĮĮ֮УһӰϥ£˵
ԨģȻһ̶Ȳ
УһֿĴЦ˹ɺһ׺磬˫ְŷ֣վһɰϢɽ纣ڱ
˹ɺĿһתܿǰͻʺϡ
һΣҪ鷳ˣ
ĩ
һȭغݺһ£Ŀ㣬ܿվ
ƿӣ߳ʡ
󽫾
ſڣִꪵĿɺױ̬ޱȡ
Ȼûǡ
ǰܿ硣
ɽȥͻʺʱѩȫΪһѩ磬ıѩУĶͻִ飬纣һһֱӵʡ
ѩĮĮʱ˿̣еĶͻ죬ʣԼڵλá
Զĵط󽫾һͬԼȴԼ

Ŀйâһֻ򵥵˵֡
¡
һ̣ԭһƬŵ·ͻȻ֮˹һ춯صĺչս˻ǧĶͻƺƵݵķλ۶ȥ
ͬʱڶͻʺݡ߾֮䣬ɺصıͬӿ
ɺֻ䣬޷Ͷͻʺ߾ȹȣǶشȮ۸ӣķ϶֮ɺʵȻ࣬׺̶й֮޲
ɱ
ѩĴ֮ϣ߸Ũܵ촽ϵĺСӴ
һӣ͵ذγеһ챩ȡ
ԣһеŮͻȻǰֻ˲䣬˵Ŀ⡣


ڶǧһʮһ 㽫
Ů欣˿˳Žӭ裬ѩĮĮش󺮣ֻһɴ·ȫо㣬¶ƽĸĶꡣϸȥĶһöɫѩ״Σҡҷӳĵȶˣɢ޾
͸ɴԿذѩף֣˲һ޵롣
ϴһᱡɴһ˫΢΢μ۲תǣȴִһơ
ɲŮ
¼䣬˽֪ɲսʿս֪ɲ쾹ȻǸòŮӣ֮ΪŮ
ڶؽ磬Ů޼һΣ󺮳٣ֻܶδ˵Ůڳǰ
ˣɺȽԼ͵Ĳսʿ۵һ

ŮϣֻǾһֻϽɫȨȣһ̡
¡¡
𶯣Ů£ǧսʿսʿΪһƺƵĸڷѩ֮ݵķӿȥ
ˣӿǹΪ֮ɫ
УĻˣҲԽĻҡ
ʱ˿̣˹ظԭ
ټĸԭдУţ˹˵ͬɾһ㣬ȴǴѩǣͬһѩ̺
ѩ֮£Ұѿήʧȥ˷֮أȴ˵˾Ϳ֪
࣬ûлͷѾ𣿡
ΡȻ˹ǰһƽһװǰĵ꣬ǡ
ѵִԭı仯Զ˹ضܹоõ
սǲս
ڽգ˹رϡ
ͻǱѾ׵ƣ˹ص۹ļƻѾ
˹غ֮䣬ƾնһǵƶ˹ؼΪһʤȴ˹صҲؽһ;
Դƾʦһλ磬ǾԲŹ˹صģ˹صˣһȫһ֮䡣
û˵
һƥһѾкܳʱˡ
£ǻ꣬һ̣Ҳ˽սž޴ľ

һ̾ϢͻȻѩƮԶԶһ̣ĿУͻȻһֱֻۣסϵ䵶
ĿҲһͻȻüᶨ
ȥȫ̳
δ䣬ϵһԥذγϵĳĵֱָա
Ŵ֮д˹ص۹Ҳ֮仯һǿɱ֮ͨգͬһֱָԭ
ϣؼһƬžֻƬ̵ʱ䣬˹شɸһ
ֲʼʱ򻹺΢ԣ̶̵ʱ䣬һء
ϣ
Хһҵս˻ԶԶԶȥ˹࣬ϸСĺߣӵƽߴ۶ʼʱ򻹲ԣգ֮·ӿ
ɱ
ʯ䣬֪ٵ˹飬ãã纣ӿֻʱ䣬꣬һһ޻صƣ˹ص۹Ƹ۵ľģͻʵ۹ķȥ

䣬Ҳ֮ұ仯
߾ʽԴս
ͻʽԴս
˹ʽԴս
ɺʽԴս

̶һ֮ڣƱϣͬһʱԴսϢ¡
𺳵ģһϢ
ѱ䣡
ΰ󶼻ʮʽԴս
𾪣
㵣
ݣ˶һϵеϢ𺳵˵
׷ʲô
ɽǳ͢İ󶼻Ϊ͢¹
ΪʲôͻȻѵ۹
УƲֻԸ߾ս
ΪҲ뵽У
캮ضֻһϦ֮䣬˶оˣ
һƴģʷǰĵ۹ս硣
ʱ˿̣ݣеĿȫۼ˾ʦÿ˶ڵȴų͢ľ飬߸׼ȷ˵ȴǸ˵Ķ
һͲס𣿡
ʹϣߴϵУ崣ǰͷѩĮĮȴûһƬѩܹļͷѩܵͷ·һϣ׷Ա߻䣬Ʈ
Ŀ͸¶һޱߵİ
ȻҪսһսףսǣ
ָһȸżƿնɳɿ⣬һըѣΪֽмƮɢʦ
ϣ
ϢȲҲ⣬ŻѪȫԸľӪ£ѽȡ
ϱʥʹʱϯطƮ㣬һս
ڵĴһϣһԶҪϣ󣬴Ƶİ۱ΪԶجΣη
һΣ岻ٸκһλᣬһݣսƬ½ϸֹ֮ս
ûս
һΣӮͨԣֻһ½֮ۡ
ңǱ׼𣿡
īĳ裬ͷҲص
ү͢Ѿҹٿ飬һѾ׵񲿡ȫתѾү۹κұ»˵ڿʼү˵Ļ൱ڱµĻɽ˿Υ
󣬾Զĵطҹҳ龴ηѼ
ڵĴӵаǵ֮ĵһˣ»ʣݰգбؽ죬ȫǲ
Ҫ췴˵ûκܹ
ǺεȵȨ
͢ϵ£ڣѼڵĵλ
⣬Ѿ»ڱУ
ҹ˿ĭ
ţ
ֻ΢ɲĵ˵ͷһ̣һΣ·һĨѸʧҶûз뿪ġ

ʦУ
ţƬѩз׷Ʈ¡
ʱ˿̣УһƬɱټУ飬Ƶɭϣϣɢһɹɳɱն
У棬߸ߵļ̨ϣһ˾޴ӭƮչ£һӰ֮ͦ䣬ϸȥȻᣬȴɣһͨûеĵ֮
Ǵ»ࡣ
³̫ʦ̫̽Ԫá͢ĴԱڴˣ˶ĬĬȴš
ˣâһû˿ףһףԣ˲ǰ
΢壬μ£
һ쳹Уϥһܿ쵥ϥǰ
Թɳսÿ£о̨֮Ϊ㽫


ڶǧһʮ ˣ
ˡ
ǰֵ壬˵ͷ˷ࣺ
׼𣿡

幧
ϣ
һ̣ɫһԥϵ֮Ľֱָա
ϣԴƻʵۣʥ֮⣬ΪݱԪ˧ͳַС
·󶼻󽫾ٹ١ȫΥߣն
壬ּɣ
ϣһ䣬һе֮Ȼһת֮ٺݺݲǰ
һɲ𶯣У΢΢
ּ
ͷԥǺ쳹
δ䣬һɾ̺˲ϳ
¡¡
һɲУ췭ظضɽҡʿĿУȺ֮Уһ˶ǳâ貣ͻȻ뿪΢ƶɱϢͬһĳңָ
ǰ׻ʥ׻ʥҪ뿪ʦˣ
սɱ¾֮ףһΰ׻Ƕʳ׻ٶ֪Ҫ϶ˡ
ȺƣѾ׻ǣ׻ǶһѾˣ
Ϳ̿Ϳ̿

һ£֪ʿ֪һĻ
壬һжˡ
㽫ǰ壬࣬ϡ
ȹң±ϣֵѡ
ģҾݣԶҾȫˣ
Ҳ͸һ˿֮ɫ
ڵĴƺεǿ󣬻˹أʳɱ԰Ȼ޷
ҪôҰ̫ҪôǴƻĴΣƱؾ󡱣
ৣ
һ̣ԥͬʱϳ

һ£¡¡ضɽҡУƵĴʿɱڣѸŶȥ
ֹͳ͢ŭҲͬŭ¼ǧĴ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ

һŭУҲһܾ޴Ļ԰ٱ֮ǰٶȫתЩļӴѸٰռƻ䵽ضУٲָפ˵ĸ֮⣬ųϵĴŷѩٶȳűȥ
İӡдͺķͳİȫҹͣŶȥ
ھʦİĬĬ֧ѹѹĴȥѹֵ˼㡣
үүⳡսǻӮģ𣿡
ȺУһͯͻȻ߾Լүүڵ
ģһģ
οüȴ¶˿˿ǡ
ˣѾһݵ⣬ݴ˶֪ݣ߾ɡͻʣ˹ص۹ܱ߼еĵ۹뵽ⳡڣԴƵս֮С
ƾһһսǻȨ棬»ʵǻȵʱԴƼΪ
һսͿˣ
ȺУűϵǸ˾޴ս죬˸ͬϣ
ƮҡļպѣǱ߾Ͳ׶ҡô꣬ѾΪưмᶨ
ɽ¥
۹սŨҵ˼㣬սһ
ƵעеԼⳡսϵʱûжע⣬ããؼ䣬һӰھʦϵĳ¥ϣһ÷ֽɡ˼ѩ׺멣ĬĬ뿪ķ
С㣬
󷽣һѾٵıӰֹ
ˡ
ٵҡҡףƺ֪ѾҪ˵ʲô
Ӻɷɣʸķ־£ʱǾͲˣȥɡ
Ѿһ仰˵
ؼ䣬ѩХ£ĬĬԶһֱעʧڵƽ⡣

¡¡
أ
ˣ
ƱҹԼգϳŸ֮ǻ۵ʱ򣬶شƱͬս¡¡Ž졣
ͻʡ߾йҼ㳲ƵĴͬͣŶݣȻĵص㣬˶ȥ
һܼҹƮԶԶʱĹȥϿյɱϢڲͣ
ھĵطĴСս촣ڰѩУս£Ϣ磬籩Ӱۼһ
ǧɽ˺ССһأʱ˿̣ۼ˳ı
ʱ䵽ˣ
һڵ
˹Ǳ߿Ҫ𣿡
İɣһģȻ˹صıʱָһǣƴƵıңԴʵҲͻƷǳɹʦ
ɽڵ
ɿģֺμ䣬ȴһ˲ֱӵİϣʱգѾû˸С׽ūһС׽ūǾܴﵽֵزģҰģͼȾָյĴƽɽ
š
ɽĻоͷ׷׵˵ͷ
Ȼ˹صıɽȻô˵Ȼû⡣
ʳǱأ֥Ͱ˼˳ս֮µıǰս֮ʦؼʱ̣֧ӺͻȻɱ»ǼΪ
ڴʱ߾ʵԨһףͻȻڵ
ʦ֮ǰ뿼ȫһ©˭ҲرЩ󽫾ÿһԨĶӣ
٣߾۹Ѿ˹ˣʧܵĴû˳е
ģȵǳH˾ͻȫʳǣƸ֥Ͱ˼˳⣬͸ǱߣʱҲᷢЩȻԻ˼˳͸֥Ѿǣˡ
ɽɽ̸䣬¶һȫŲߵζ
ȻˣǾûκˣ
ͷԨҲͬˡ
ৣ
һ̣û˿ԥһŮλͷͬʱӻȡһ䵶ָһգһεѪ·һװҺĹӷ֮С
ẮˮɱλͷѪҺȴѪա
λͷѪȫеʱ򡪡
ž
һԣмǰžһ򿪷ܻܵأþ׳нȾѪҾƣĵ뵽С
ףˣ
ףˣ
ףˣ

һ̣˵仰û˿ԥɽԨġʩɺŮ׷ѸٽȾѪľҺһ
ѪΪˣ
һ̣ʽɣ
һ̣ʩɺԨġŮ˷׷Ťͷ˰ɽ
Ȼ˵ƽƽ޷𱰣ѾĬϰɽ
ǰɽЭ˺ѳɹ
Ұɽǰ󶼻ԴƵ˽Զ°빦ܴƵϣҲӡ


ڶǧһʮ ӴԺҽа»ɽ
ؼһƬžɽվǰ泯Ϸһ
֪Ϊʲôǰ䣬壬ͺڶΪһ˵ʵֹǣĸ֪Լ֮ĿҲĳЩʱǰһЩĻ档
ЩһţøеݣЩƬΣɽһʶİо
ˣ
ɽĿϷа
һ󺮷紵ɽ޳ѩĭ趯һɲɽͻȻǿҵĸоƺߵĳҪĹؿڣΪˣһЩĶ
ͺһһһεĸĵȴʼͬһذ
ϣ
һԽĽ㻮գһ̣һɽͻȻγֱָա
䣡
ڳʵͬʱȻըһ
ڰɽгָƹѸлһ޴Сеӳ£ɽĿѩһo㡣
һ粻䣬ȴʼղ밲ɽΧΧףԨġ˹ɺŮһĻ˵
ڶдţɽǱδ֮ǽƵһӡ
ԨĻ˹ɺǸһЦֶҲͰˣĵЩ޴ˡ
Ҫ췴ģ˭Լ𣬸Լȡ֣ݡ
һ㲻Ǵƻʵһġ
ԭΪɽҲˣڿԶôˡ
ѵ˵ģ
λŰɽıӰ
ԡ
ԣҲ΢
˽ǶȿȥֻɽһѰۿľ޴Ӱƾո֣ǺȻһͷأɳצľ޴
˺ܿϾ˼˶ɽۻ롢ĺ־޾Ұĵ
һиýˣ
ڿʼҺʹ֮һΣҰɽҪ»纣ɽ
ӴԺҪûκܹҡ
ԺûаɽӴԺҽа»ɽ
꣡
ڰɽ˵»ɽֵʱֻһ춯صľ죬еһ޴̫֮Ҫٱݵķӹɽͷͬһ޸գϷݶȥ
һɲĳҵ⣬谵ضյóޱȣΪ硣
¡¡
ͬʱԶĸУɽ˵ǷʱڱУĵ̥һ͵ۡ
һɲ֪Ϊʲôһĸоӿ
ǰʲôȴһָоڤڤУۿĵطƺʲôأΪҪڷ
ǡ
һ̣У΢Σ˲Ӵʧ
¡¡
ڸݱǽϵͬʱرƲһĵӿһ棬ջΪһƬ졣
ǻƲһϤӰ
ҰɽҪ»纣ɽ
ӴԺҽа»ɽ
ڤڤУһϤҰĵޣȻĶ
ƺ͸޾ʱգҲԽڵ磬ͨڤڤĳķƽʱĳĴڣӦϻ졣
ৣ
ƤȻıɫ
ɽ
»ɽ
һɲһƬңδػأ⻹⣬һڻصؾһ㣬ûаɽˡ
ӴԺֻǸԼÿ𶼻ҧгݣ޵֣»ɽ
һ̣ɽڱԼĶ֡
»ɽ
䣡
ͷŸոմԺһ̣Ժͬһʱ̣֮ʯӴͻȻԺ
¼
ʹǧٴεƹվعԭ㣡ռʹġ۶ٴΣվصԾս
¼֮Ѿʹ֮ʵӵвٿ֮õ־ӣҪʱ־ֱӴս
һУϣҪıˣеĵ֡
ƪ£һҳ

һޱȣͻȻԺ
֮ʯ͸žɫͻȻޱȡ
ڵһ̣
Ŀգһ£ݣֻǶ̶һ˲һŨҵɱ
»纣ɽǰ»ɽǰɽҶҪ㺣ɽ»Ͼ
ڵĵطԶֹֻۣ
˵仰кⱬ䡣
䣡
ʯ䣬ҽһ̤ɲǼضɽҡͬһʱ䣬ſȫƣʱ䣬һɰľƺƵֱ
ǿֲϢأ쫷㣬֮ⶼɼ
ˣ
ͬʱǹϢɲǣԶɽͬ˸Ӧ
壡
ǵӵƽߴľɽƤ΢˳һ˿Ц˲ǡ
ңԶһɲ֮ȴĲһ˿΢ľϵ
壬Ǿݴ󶼻ǱԪ˧㶼ӻ˴ƣһὫ׻𣡡
ɽ˵»ɽЦ
䣡
һ̣˵ĿУһ޴ĺɫ׵ͻȻӸ߿Ǿ޴䣬ݺݺڰ»ɽϣǺɫ׵罭㽫»ɽѸû
𣡡
һɲǣؼͻȻһ˻𣬰»ɽϸСĺֻ˲ܿһ̣ܵ׵о޴֧֣ɫСǰٱΪһ޴ĺצ泯Ϸ
ͬһʱ䣬»ɽžž죬ԭʵѾǿ󣬵һ̣·ܵĳִ̼㣬˲ˮǴߣ΢ֱ߽һ·ǵ΢۷塣
¡ֻһ»ɽĹȻٳ߸ͷһȻ΢۷ͻƵ˰벽죡
һ΢ʱղ϶԰»ɽΪģ˷ɢ
Χر಻ԶݴʦУԲ۾һĻˡ

ܹоһ̵İ»ɽϣֳʵ廯ƣʵǺʵ廯϶ȴӵĽ
Ȼ߻һеĸжô£һѾԤϡ
ܹо˵»ɽɲǣƺʲôԼ֪飬Ȼкܿûʱȥ˼һˡ
һ̣»ɽϤŰޱȣӴ˶
壬սǱսף




ڶǧһʮ ۹֮սʽ
𣡡
춯ص˻УŰ»ɽݾ߾Լͻʴܼٶ򣬺ƺƵư㣬Ϸĸݶȥ
ڴ󷽣¡һ춯صľ죬ִԶĵľ޴ս˵ĺ£¡¡Ȼһ
޴ϣ޴ӭƮһдšġ֣һдš֡
սԣһ̣ʽ͡

ণ
ͬʱԶʮĵطһХУһֻӥȦѸϷȥ
ɽþ㱨ү
ԶϣһĻһתͷתͷѸԶӶȥ

ϮݾѾ
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ݵĶѸٴǰߵĸݡ
Хһ˴ϣʵһ㣬崣ڸ߸ߵĸǽϣһĻ¶һ˿Цݡ
عͷֻǴ˸ơ
꣡
գ֮䣬һ˷
ͬһʱ䣬УԭѾۼ߰ʮʱѸٻΪһճǣеʿȫλ˸פĵط
ڸĵطХһʮ׸ߵĴս߸ߴս߰׳úԶҲܹоһɺǿƣܹ
ǰ鷳ˣ
ԶջĿ⣬ܿתͷԶվˡ
š
ûж˵ֻǵ˵ͷܿʧ˸ݵİ֮С
¡¡һغϣϣݸѸٷһĺڤڤУһĹâԼٶݵĵ洩󣬰һɽѰĺһӴĴϢͻȻӵص
һӴģʷǰľ󷨣ԸΪ壬Բݣ޵ȵﷶΧڵĴ֮Ϊǿ󷨡
ֻʱ䣬âһһӴ֮Ϊһ⣬סݡ
ʱ˿̣ģһ½ľ֮УӰվһɳǰҲоϢ仯̧ͷ
ڿʼ𣿡
һװ̧ͷڵķһѩĹâ
ǧգһʱ
ԴӽȨ̫ٱְλһΪԼҲûлսܽӴģս
һľ˵һĥ
ĳ֣ȴ׸ıõˣ֮ս򼶱ĴսǶλƵս˵Ҳġ
ܹμֳģĶսںܶ˺佫˵һĪҫܶ˿һӶòֹμӹһΣҺܿӭ˹ģĵ۹֮ս
ͻʣ߾˹أɣܱߵˣһ֣һ֮Կģĵ۹֮սҲӲ
ȥɣӭǵսˣ
øп
ɫ㣬ϵĽû˿ԥѸٴ̤ǰƿӣѩ֮Уķȥ
ܲμⳡսѾǱҫˣ
޺ˣ
ɳ̵һ࣬ͬ޴󽫾˼Ҳо˿ɱϢ
һף΢΢۾Ѹٴ̤˳ȥ
˲ͬͬһΪսܹսսͬһ˵һΪٵ顣
߹޲뾮ƣսʿ˵ܹսɳһϵ
۹ĳս
ǺܶͬȱģоֽսϢ˼оԼڵѪڷڣһֶսһٻ
ܹμʷʫģĴսͬһ˵ǡǡϵĽ͡
ѾҪ˼һθоͬһ̫ʱͶƣһǰδȷ飡
ৣ
âһ˼ӣõͬķ˹ȥ
󣬹ǣպɽ޲Tвǰ֪²ãԼ֮ˣ׷׸˳ȥ
⺮Х
һƬžֻƬ̵ʱ䣬棬һصĲԶԶȥƽߴѩڣһǳǳİ纣һ㣬Ÿݵķ
𶯿ʼʱ򻹲Ǻԣ̶ֻʱ䣬ɽХޱȡ
ϣ
ɱ
һս˻ɱ׵һƬվڸ߸ߵĳǽϣȥ棬飬ãã纣ޱ޼ʵĳӿ
еĴ֮Уһ޴սӭƮչ˵ķսϣ׺֣һ˶ġġ֣Ŀޱȡ
ɽ
Ǹս죬ԺѸһͷɫҲޱȡ
սҪʼˣ
¡¡
صԽԽңİһͬһ㳯ӿǹǵأɽ
ֹˣƽʱԶԶȥϿգӿһɹɱѩݵķĸϯ
꣡
һ촫УԶԶȥһһƲвϵΪ졣
ƽݵķ¾ȻҲۿɼٶȽ͡

ǽϣ֮վͬһĻͻȻ䣬о۽һ׹֮ʶֽסϸʱһסˡ
֮ĵģȻһƬ֮ǰԴĶģëѩ
ѩģ͸һɷͬѰĺ⡣
ǡ
֮һȻʶ̧ͷȴĵϿգԭϸСѩУһƬһƬëѩ飬Ʈ
̧ͷ֮棬Ѿ֮ǰȻͬ
˿Կ󣡡
ʱ֮Уͬ޴󽫾˼ɫأͻȻڵ
Ϊ۷ĵ۹󽫣˼ĸ֪ǳⲢ仯ԸоĳһĻͶĪĹϵ
Ұ˼ԸоܵӰģƺֻиڵѡ
˼Ļ˵鶼ޱȡ

¡¡
ʱ˿̣ر棬԰Ƶӿ£ǹضΪ֮ɫ
룬»ɽһؼףһƥīԣ緢°Ĺ£һ·ĸݶ
ڵȵһˣһû˿ֹң
»ɽֱͦɷ
ӱثץһεĳǰһĻһڵȵˣĳ佫ıʿа۱һ̾Ľ¡
¼仹˭ƥУ
壬һξľһս
Ҫ׵׵Ļ㣬㳢ζ
»ɽĿ磬һ۾ע⵽Զǽϵ塣


ڶǧһʮ Ծ
ʦ¥һΣʢһΣʦܵʱһΡ
ڰ»ɽһУδܵô裬һĪıͬһ衣
ث˵ǰ»ɽʹĴڡ
һΣҪ׵һѩǰܣ
ߣ
ͬʱ߸ߵĳǽϣ帺ֶͬע⵽еİ»ɽ
ӲСȻԳǰ
Ц
»ɽΪڰһ̣֪Ϊһ̣ͬȴ˼ʱ䡣
ΣҪһУһеܵݣɵ»ɽֻϧֻһеӵܶѣûκεʵ޷Ӱݣ˵ʱݻһ°ԴثӻŰ»ɽ
Ҫɱ»ɽҲֻѡ
ٺ֮ս˹֮սŵһΣƵĹЩս岻ò顣
ļƻһٱ飬һֱڳΪ˾ӵ˳ߵĵλӴȨƣԶԶκεĴ󶼻󽫾֮ϣӵ˶Ը»ɽʵ
ʲôҾţ»ɽܶٸֻأҲܶٴܸĶĴۣҶҪն£
еİ»ɽɱ
ʮ
ʮ
ʮ

˫ľԽԽӸ߸ߵĳǽȥܹЩͻսİҲܹЩ߾ʿϲĻѩԼһ˫ɱڵ
ˣҵĴ󹭹
˫ֻʮʱƥһ˶ߵĺɫսϣ»ɽЦһͻȻֱڵ
󣬴Ǭǰͬʱһɵ󹭵ݵ˰»ɽС
ǣ
»ɽָһգݺݵסǱ˶ߵ󹭣ͬʱһ죬Ѹٴĸнӹһ߰˳߳Ѹ乭һ¡
ͻȻľٶ˷˵ע⣬Ԩģ˹ɺŮ˶Ű»ɽеĳȴûκε⣬ƺ֪Ҫʲô
ߣ
һߣ»ɽ׼Զݳǽϵ壬һɣ䣬һɽХľ죬һ̣»ɽеĳ籼׳磬Ŵ̶Хϳһˣȥ
һɲǣʱ䶼·ֹɽĳһҫޱȣΪսĿĴڡ
սϵҲŰɽһýޱȡ
Сģ
ͷϣһĻɫһ׷ױɫ
˭Ҳû뵽սûʽʼɽֱӾͿҪɱ塣
ã˼ɫһʶľҪǰ
ǾݱԪ˧ʲô飬ֻˣҲӰʿ
޷
˰֣ԶǱ׳磬һĳɫȻû˿⡣
䣡
ֻգ֮䣬»ɽǸЮɽХ˲䴩գţ˷һ󾪺ʱֻһ죬һɽɫĹâͻȻ籡˲䵲ס֧
ϵ˲գһ
⡪
һĻһԵúͰ˼˲üͷ
ԭΪ»ɽһЮ޶ʱҲһȻƾˣʵǿڿգɱ֮
ǰ»ɽַϭģ
Цһ˵˴𰸣ͬʱһ죬ǸȡһɫĲ
һдĸ֣
ַϭģ
ৣ
һ͵̯Ƿַϭģ󷽣̫ٱáͬ޴󽫾˼Ҳͬ˹
ǿԸִָ¹ΪĪԣض壬ɱʥЮ»ʣרƳȨɼɼ֮ղӣ
ʥʮ꣬壬̫ıʥʴ治֮߱£̫Уʥһŭ𶯾ʦʹ֮ڣŷǻΪʣ
»ɽ飬ݽ֮ʥʳţΪ󶼻ʥجģȻͿΪ
ֻǿò̴ᣬ¾߱ʥѪ֮£߿Ըһ֮밲Эͬƣнͬһ£
ϣ񹲼ı࣬๬͢ɱַ¾Կ𢣬ѩʥ֮ܣ

һдԾд塣
ʣ
˵˵
廹ûڣ󷽣úͰ˼ȴǿòȻŭƤʺ졣
»ɽ˵ġ̫֮£ָǵʥʡٽ󼫵ڵбȳǾ䡰ˣɱ
Ǿ仰´ʦ˶ˡ
˵ʵ̫зʲô£ʵܶ˶֪ͬ޴󽫾˼ʥΪʲô˵Ǿ䡰ˣɱе࣬䴫÷зֱҲһš
飬ʥʲ˵߹ڣºҲֲֻᡣ
˽£ҲйıĴţ»ɽץסһ㣬¡
˶֪һȫ޻̸֮
ǡʥʡ빬Ҵº̫֮еȫʧڴ֮ǰжĹȫټ̫С
ּҪı棬ǡʥʡҪɱ塣
ң̫¼ûг£ʥʻ壬º󶼰Ȼ
ֹˣڴ֮ǰʥʡɳһϵл£ѡŮ̫ƽ¥ճȵȣǴ֮󣬡ʥʡֱָ˳ҰϤλǧһۣͼ־ıƶϡ
ԭĳ͢Ҳ֮ȶ
һ˵Ұ¶廹м岻޹й
ı֮£ʥº᲻˵
»ɽ۵ڰף˵˵
ǣλ󽫾
崣ǰǽͷȻһЦ
ֻһڣѧѣα֮
˵ţȻƳ˶İ»ɽһۣȻָһ»ɽǷɫƮɶߣӹǽͷһڰİѩ֮ɷ飬Ʈ¡
Զ»ɽǷ֮һֱ壬ʱ飬йâһӵһ˿üƵɫ
壡Ҿ֪ôģûõģӦϣӣְ̫Ȼʣɳ治߱ʵǻ飬ѾȰ̽ӣݣ
գҾڵµ棬ҴĿ
ȻʴҶɽҰ»ɽһԩǣմҪƿ壬壬ұȻɱ㣬Ȼʺ񰮣
»ɽһȻףһץһ䵶ֱָԶǽϵ壬ǺƺƵѩ˳ŷѩ֮Զ


ڶǧһʮ â֮
һɲǣؾ㾲
棬Ĵͻʡ߾ɡݵĴڣȫѻȸľҲȫǰİ»ɽһΨհӡ
˵ļžһָӴѹ
һ࣬޴ĸڣҲͬˡ
ţ˧棬棬ҲζսԶˡ
սδ𣬵ȴ֮֮ǰӵĽš
ͷϣ»ɽǱ䣬á˼λ۹Ĵ󽫾΢΢һӹһ˿ǵɫ
ս֮ǰ˧棬ǳ׸Ƕһ٣ֻνսеĴС
»ɽٷݵÿ䣬Ϊ˴ľʿ
νϵıµһٶ˥ߡһʿ䣬ڣҲˣ˵ĵǣʥţڴƾ顢䶼ӵм
»ɽᵽʥʣر̫¼ý͡
ʵϣսû˻ƪ۵Ľͣ»ɽֻͣҪ¾͹ˣһãӰ쵽ƵľģδսȰܣ
ġϵı
ƾ»ɽȻûͣȻиָ㡣
壡
˿㡢ͦıӰֹȻн˧˻ѡ壬ȴȥ¡

߸ߵĳǽϣѩ»ɽַĴʣһƵᣬ˿ûжŭֻḧƣ͸һ˿
»ɽа»ɽǰɽӦñ˺ܾðɣˣƾ㻹д£Ҳû͡û⣬Ӧλʦ׽ʵİɣ
սѩҲ޷ɢ
˵ⷬʱ廹ŤͷƳԶȺУڰ»ɽĸһۡ
ȺУü΢΢һͻַϭȻⶨܹʶҲ⣬ֻǴսڼʱ𣬻̲סһֲĸо
ŸĬҲֻһЦܿ쿪ڵ
ǺĲɣôһϴʢ絹ǿϧˣֻɱһׯӹһ١
ⷬȻһʦ֮УׯʼǸеĽᡣ
壬㲻عҶ
ۿŸбǽǣ»ɽ̲סȵ
ʥʶмӣһң֪ҰģȻͳʦΪУ㣬Եڴˣл֮ˡ
»ɽûȻˡ
ԣʱҲЦ
»ɽȻᵽʥʶɽ㣬ʥʵּǷҪӣ
һ䣬ؼһƬž»ɽĸڣֲĸо
ݣʦ취壬֮ǰͲ߻õĲԣ֮ǰҲݹܶΣôͺ͵С
ֻȫûϵͻȻôһ䡣
һ˲䣬Ҳȫס˼
壬ҳӣ㻹ȻʣҰ»ɽȻһƬģɱԳַҪΪȻʶս
첻㣬Ұ»ɽҲһҪɱ㣡
Ȼ׼ʲô˼»ɽɫһĴȻ˵󣬰»ɽۿͨ죬һƬʪ󣬶㱻Լжˡ
ã͵仰
忴һĻȻһЦƺϵ»ɽػһ৵̯һʥּ
»ɽּɣ
㰵ػģ֮սʳķʥͿҰģպˣگպԳ棬ɱⲣ
ˣʵگԻ
֪壬һ޸̫࣬ݣպƽ֮
󶼻ɽͷǣػģȥ֮󣬱ض壬췴گһ⣬£֮
մˡ
ʥּ৵һգʥּͬʱӸ£Զİ»ɽ
گ̫ʦ̫ԼԱͬģ׼ȷ󡣰»ɽȻʥĹͼı췴֮⣬ǱڴˣºȻ֤㰲»ɽ޷⡣
鵭ĮǺӴ쳹ս
棬ⷬ»ɽео𣬷׷ױɫ˹ɺҲˡ
˭뵽徹ȻһС
Ȼگ
֮ǰûگ£û¶Ȼ׼گԸ»ɽ
»ɽַϭģٽȻ壬ʦͬʱ֤ԼȻʵģԷʿȴû뵽ȻԸ
ʱ˿̣ٿͷϵ壬»ɽڲһ˿ҡ
һɲԼǷַϭ֮Ϊʲôһֱ꣬ݣǻ͸ֵȻЦˡ
ô
»ɽ濴򶨣ʵһ˫ȭͷ죬ҲǷŭޱȡ
Ȼֻһ棬ҴӵʱȻӦҲûпʲôܴʢϰȻȥ
ǰ»ɽôûϵȻʾȻĺ֡
ɲǼ䣬˷˷׷ԼڵȻΪ
̫ˣ
Ǳߣǡ֪²õһֱýģʱͻУ»ɽڲ壬жʱһܲѡ
ǰúͰ˼һҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
¹ϵıʥλʵԶ֮ϣ»ɽȻǰŪ֮ŪֶΣֱȡ裡
ԶпһĻҲһݡ
ӲСλơʥֶֻԶĻҪöࡣĿǰоٶȫڶԷԤ֮С
Ȼʵگ׼ˡ
һǷַϭľ͵ڰʯͷԼĽš
崽ǹལֶμ࣬»ɽԲĶ֣£սپתսֱӹõֶΡ
Ψһǣ»ɽһֱ彻̸ݾԺΪǷȻگޣԺ˵Ӱ͸ޡ
һУǸȿǹġ
壬һȻ̫ͳ͢ˣΪһ𣿡
»ɽҲɫڲ磬еʱҲЩҡ
ٺͷݣսپ
ǰѵ
лԶԶ͹塣
»ɽŪȻǰ䡰ַϭġѵˣ֮ƾһ֮һǵȺ壬һƬңӶˡ
»ɽΪùԼ
һ֮սȻɰ»ɽ𣬵һʼɾɲˡ
ʲôʱͣ˵㡣
»ɽŲŶ㣬⣡
嵭Ǻؼ
ҲҲ㿴˭
˵仰ع˸ơ


ڶǧһʮ ŭث֣
ֻ˳ǽ£岻Զĵطһһ߰׸ߵľ͸ְͻȻ¶һ
һƬڣܿ죬Ӱ˵С
ǼӰףǴƵʿֻǰǵӰΪ⡣
ʿûʲôͬףֻǱһ磬ϸһűͭߣޱȡ
עĿģͭ¶һ˫۾亮ͬһ㣬𺳵ģ˫۾͸¶̺Ŀ̹Թ
˴Ӱгֻ̧֮ͷһۣнӴ˫ˣ˼ڣ𣬲㱻̺û

˭
ǵͻȻֵͭӰ˶һ˼
ڸѾ˺ܾãȴҲ֪»Ǳһˣ˿ֲ
ֻ̫ٱ΢΢һ˼
֪ΪʲôͻȻֵϤĸоȴбʵľ޴һʱ֮䣬ס
⣡
ֻ̧ͷһۣܿջĿ⣬ͷֱӵ˸ǽߵԡ
ˣ
΢΢һ񣬿ͭߵˣɫΪ𾴡
һɲǣԽ΢
ʱյĵλʵ벻ʲôˣֵ˵𾴺;η
үλǣ
ʱһӶߴͬ޴󽫾˼ѹڵ
һ֪ˡ
嵭ûϸ˵
ǰ˼ãǵ۹λߵĴ󽫾ӦøǣôȻԭ
ˣ
ԶעҲ׷ע⵽˶ı仯԰ƵĿγһʵ׷׾ۼԣϴͭߵӰϡ
ʲôˣ
»ɽüͷ۾С
֪ôǺ⣬»ɽǲʶıĿ⣬䵽ͭ˵ϡ
쵰ʲô
»ɽ
ѳɣȻʵگ˺ޣ˵ˡţ廹ʲôȻگĶ
󣬸û˵֪»ɽ仰ԼҲֻҡҡͷ
ļı֮£
ĿǰΪֹлûһϳɹ
ļıҲһ
һﵽڸʲô
ֹˣ˹ɺԨġŮͬڹעųͷϵ塣
½׹Ҳ飬򽻵ǵһΣʱ˿̣˭Ҳ֪«ʲôҩ
岢û˾õȣһ̣ɻĿУͷϣϴͭߵͻȻ˵ˡ
ӣ㻹ǵ𣡡
һŭȣԹޣ¡¡ף˶
ͷϣúͰ˼ûӦԶ»ɽСǬӵȴ˲Ϣ͵۾׻
ôܣ
»ɽʧɫ԰˲١
ʵ̫ϤˣϤ˿̹ģҪ¶ĿͿԱϵĳ̶ȡΪڹȥʱҹҹһֱ£սսֶ̿ա
ʱգ»ɽѾ־ѳɣ˵ǶҲֻЩɵη壬ϣƾδսһնɱΩ־Ĵڡ
ৣ
һ̣˵ĿУͭߵͻȻһֱֻۣĽϵͭߡ

µף˷һƬȻ
ث
ô
Ѿ𣡡
Ƿݶҩҩɽ⣬ôģ

Զ˹ɺԨġŮ˶ɫ𺧣֮ǰĴݺƽɫֻš
ش֮УثҪöࡣ
ȻǿĴʳΪʥη˳Ϊս򡱡Ͼ̫Զڴ֮ǰκνּ¼ثͬ
ثոһգ긴һ꣬ʮĹдġ
³Թ
ثزһս߾ʵԨ㳲ץסᣬһٻƻʵһŭ֮°˰󶼻ְλŸҺͰ»ɽ
Ұ»ɽҲ˵ثµĶѾ裬񶾵ֶҩԽߣΪԽԽ޽⡣
Ҫǣ»ɽ˵ثݴʷ֮ѾɳжȡΪʲôثڣ
ˣ
ˣ
Ƕˣ⵽ô£

ʱ˿̣ҵĪڰ»ɽݴˣٺҲһҡ
ʮԭ룬ʱ򣬿ͷϳֵثʱһƬҡ
°»ɽʵʵĿȨثʮ괴ţĥģҲΪʲô뷽跨һҪȳֶԸثԭ
ô£
»ɽɫ࣬Ťͷݺݿһá
ثĳѾȫļƻ޴ĸоǵãȥݴɱث齻ãҲرȷʵѾɵث
£ô£
ңҲ֪
öͷ亹乣һױֽҪ԰ס
ȻͺǱ߶Խӣ취ɵثʵϣȴû̫ٿȨ֯Ǳ߻㱨˵ѾɵثҲͲùˡ
ټݵ̽ӴصҲثºҲûȥˡ
쵰һɵĺ£
»ɽųͷϵ壬޺޵
ǰһĻһоԺѲ˸ϵ
ӣ͵͵ҸеѾߣҵĲ֭¶Ϊɱ𣿡
ثͷһγⳡսǰߣɱŭ
ϷӢһȴϹۣһΣҪԽеĳһһز壬ϷµĴϷҪԽ
ثҧгݵǱ˶ͬһ㡣
˭㲻Ҫ
壬㲻ҪΪҸ˾ܼðˣŴ󶼻ݾ𾴵ˣΪҸ˾ƭ˴𣿡
ʱһԵĸС
ثĳֶǸ޴ĴŲոտ˵˼仰ѾþĴңĲȣô˵ȥʱ֪ɶ˺
ʲôثôˣѵ常ϵ壬㲻Ҫ
»ɽʱҲӦŴе
㲻ثҪ
壬˼ðˣݾǾŹģ
ǬӡǬԼ佫Ҳŷ׷״е
ţȴһľ
̫ͻȻˣ
ϽĿڣثݣ롣


ڶǧһʮ ս
ãܺãɽСǬӡáǲϷмӵĲ£һΣϷҲ·
һһثثֱĻŭЦ
һ࣬ǰ»ɽУ˹ɺˣѾث˵ȥˡ
ֶԶеĻҪһ棬˸ֲκһˡ
׼ս
»ɽԥһ䣬ֱӲתͷŴȥ
Լᱻץסᣬǳ鷳
أ
Ű»ɽһĺŽͬһʱ䣬ϣ𶯣öеϵºâ˸һƬһƬɱϢȻֱ
ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬󷽣ʮսһſĺսʿŸ첲̻¶ţһһ£ʹöսϵսģսĵ¡¡춯أ֮⣬š
ˣ
߸ߵĳǽϷثһĻŭڣ޲ھͳǽͷնɱ»ɽһѩܵĳ衣
ô󶼻䳾ΪҰЦЦһҪ»ɽʩԼϵĳٱ
󶼻ͣѾʱ򣬻ʰǸ𣿡
ڴʱһŲӶߴǰثļ򣬰
ث侲ࡣ
壬ثǼΪ𾴣˵Ǹмث½֪Ը͸߰£Ҫ侲ܡ
壬ϷֻһҪδսΣҶҪնɱӣҵĵ£
ث˫Ŀͨ죬
ţ
ûж˵ֻǵ˵ͷ
׼ս
ŶɱƶƣĿǰͻȻ
䣡
ԭϡϡȣӰĸݣɲǼնٱ䡣
¡
˵ĿУһһĸͻȻӱڲ
һϽײһһνӱڲգۼ䣬Ӵĸй¶ĵطȫرеǽ˿Ϸ죬Ȼһ壬κεķ϶ɲǼ仯Ϊһͭǽڡ
һлֻǿʼһ̣ŵڶ󺣳ĺߴʮף᲻ɴݵĸǽϣȻһһ񣬰֮УһһݴƳǧ飬ͻȻڰ񴦡
ʮܴƳȫ׼˱ǷļԼһѪۺͻƣݹһʵսޡ
Խӵ֮͢ڹͳ£ƵĹҹԼգڽȫĶʮܴƳϤ͵˶ĸݣҲԸҪ
ֹˣЩƳ֮ԭտĸݳͷɲǼ죬һһŵļʿ飬Ѹٳ˳ͷ൱һڳֵͬʱһ죬ץִѸٽһ֧֧ǿ£׼ǽ
Щʿһͦһȫʮ㣬ٴﵽ侳˾أ侳ļʵԱʿ߳һأȻֲӡ
ϸȥͷϳֲֵӣٴﵽ֮ڡ

Ÿڶ̶Ϣı仯ɲǼ䣬˶ˡ
ʲôôֶ
ġޡԨһ㵡
Ԩ߾۹ս뺷ľҲش׹ɵֵ۾뢡
ԨģǰȻʱҲ̲סƤ
֮ǰĸݻֻƤ񣬷ǿ󣬵ڣȴһؼ汸װݵĸ
ԨͣһСսҲûĶ֡
һ̣λ߾۹ʷǿĵִĿľĸоҲܵһӴѹ
ӵͬ뷨ԶֹԨģŮ˹ʩɺҲ𺳡
ǰĸݣ̶ֳѾԶԶǵ
ڲһһĻ಻˽£ǰЩ廹֪˶ֶΡ
ѵƹ𣿡
Ů˸䣬ͻȻ̲ס
ܵģ
һʩɺϢȣеķѩų֮⣺
λԶĻҪѶԸѡΪսûԭġݡ⼸ǳ⣬ÿµʺش
·ȵһͨݣһ뻹ں󷽵ʱһλԻԥĳֱӽضǣʱмһңٱƲߴҪǣҲܵҾ裬ʱ򣬾Ǵ֮ʱ
λǾԿһġ
ʩɺ
Ů̫ᣬҲǱ֣Զںܶණһ֪⣬߸˽⣬ҲĿ¡
ܹôƹǾͺˣ
ϧֻ롣
ǣǲӶͻʴԭƹȥأ
ŮҧᴽЩĵ
һûã
߾ʵԨĿڷˣűıϵ裬ҪԶԶǰļˣ
˻һǳһλˣ˵ĸ֮פͻʺıӦԣ˺ͶĸݣػӦ
Զ;ƵĴԼڲضúܳڱƣԼԷƳûӺ͵ϮǱض˲أ
սǿʱй֮޲ǰҲͰˣڵĴѾ֮ڡսԴ󣬱عƣλǳְңƹ˸ݣʣµҲ֮ڣûƣѾûκʤˡ
ԣҪݻٴƣûκεĻɣֻݻһ·£ȴݻٲݡݵĸ֮ǣ˳£ֱɨơ
Ƶڴ˵أɨƽ˵أƾûκεֵı˵һսǾսǾ˵ģ
Ԩĳ
Ŀֵӳĵޱȡ
ڱսϣһλʵԶöࡣ
һ࣬Ůģ˵
ٻͷǰ޴بޱߣһֱӵݵĺݣԼݳͷһƵ꣬ŮеĸܴʱѾȻͬ
ûѰĸݣȻ⣬뵽һսȻѾʹ֮ľս
һʱ䣬Ů꣬ԶݳͷϵǵӰþò
֪ȴ֪ˣ
һʶλ֮
ܿϾ룬ΪսѾʼ
ˣˣˣ
ս¡¡һһ̺һɺңֱһѪڣɱǣһɹɷֱ
սģ
Ǵ޵ϵսģԶž޵ƤĤƳɣͣӵԴʿԼɱ
֮ҲܹŵöʮսĶѡ


ڶǧһʮ 
żսģϣһ֧ʮɵĸƺƵѸٴгУǰƽƬ̣ৣڶ֧ʮ˵Ĵ֣ͬǰƽ
ǵ֧֧
Ͽգһ֧֧սԷ裬ɱ֮
ߣΪ㵽Ǳͷڹ𣿡
У»ɽԶŶĸЦ
ȻҶԴƳ֣ƣѾȫ׼ݣǳǽĴ󳵣Ԥ֮С
뻢Ѩɵûӣ
Ҫչͼʵе룬һչеıͱﳹ׵Ļơ
õҳˣһΣ壬Ҫһľϲ
»ɽң棬Ŀһ˿Ĺâ漴һ죬߸߾̽ա
¡¡
û˿ףϿգ˶ƣͻȻ֮ǰٶȣĸݶȥ
ֹˣֻ꣬»ɽͷϿգ׹ңֻ˲Ϣ䣬һ޴ֱﵽǧ֮ޣѸٳ˵Ŀ֮С
ɲǼ䣬һƬš
֮
ںͺ϶Ϊһ֮󣬰»ɽڶ֮Ĳٿֱ
ȥɣ
»ɽĿһָŸݵķһ

𺧵ĿУؼͻȻѩ֮ƮѩͻȻ֮ǰܼ࣬գۼͰããһƬ
ֹˣڰ»ɽֵɲǣӿҲٽ͡
飡
ھ˴ʮĵطһžӨıͻȻ׹Ĵ죬ԶĸݸۿɼٶȽһ˪
Ϊǣڰ»ɽĿ£ؼ¿񽵣ӰķΧֻдӲݵݣݵΧ
ڽߵ˿Ӱ졣
Ϊ֮ӣ»ɽоһ̲ԼӦеʵܹо־ĴڡԼ籾һּΪ΢ϵð»ɽĸо
綼վԼһ࣬ʲô˿ԺԼ࿹⣿
꣡
»ɽ߾ڿеָһ߬һžĴ죬ڰ»ɽĲٿ£ڵһ£ѩΧҲѸٴǰŸƽ
һڰ»ɽĲٿ£ֻиڵŻܵѩӰˡ




һĻеݴͬʿһ󻶺쳹ء
ƻ꣬ƿ˵İ»ɽδ֮ӣ˭ǣ
һ̣еսʿ˷ޱȡ
»ɽҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ʿյĿ࿴һΣҪһľϲ
ү
ʱ˿̣ȴһŶһ٣¶ȱͺܵͣڣǽʮȣһĶѸٶᣬһ˪
ԭӭƮս죬ڶͬһ㡣
ֹϵս죬ԼǱڵĸʿϵױ棬Ҳȫۿɼٶȸһؼ
˵ƵʿѡҪΪϸڶлΪֶӵĻĻӣֱӰ쵽ս
Ǽ䣬˵Ŀ׷塣
˶Щ
սŸոտʼûʽ棬ʹּ˶ӵǺ£
á˼ثգɫء
ٿ󡱣ݷչ¶ѾķΧҲս棬ѾǿԸˡ

ثɫݺһ
ǺԼ֮սһӺѴӳͷԾ£˹ȥնɱ»ɽˡ
С⣡
ʱһУһ仰˲˵ע⡣

ţޣǰ˵Ŀͷϣ帺ֶӰͦӭķѩһΰޱȵĸоƺؼûʲôܹѵס
𣿡
忴ŶԷһЦ
ľǿ󣬸֪ҲԶ˵ö࣬ĸ֪һӴķȻۼڰ»ɽͷĳ΢ķʽڸݵϿգӰƬ
ֹˣڵӴڷȻ˲ڵصһۼͬɽ緢һ㣬ƺҪ緢
ǹ岢İ
־
Ҫı磬ıʷ£»ɽǿ־ıӻŸô󵨣ԼԣһһεĴԼѡ
˵Լ϶Կǰ»ɽʵԿľ磡
ߣ־Σ»ɽõİҲһҪɱ㣡
ѩһ㣬ս
ৣ
һ̣û˷ӦоâһͻȻ̧ͷ죬ͬʱһֻƣһ̣˵ĿУԥķ֮ʯ

¡
ݵϿգһ޴߳ޱȣͻȻѸ򱱷䡣ؼӿվڳͷ񶯣һεΪģ纣㷭ӿţѸټȥ
Ժйâһһ΢½ͶӰ˲ΣݡããƽԭͷơƮѩеһжԾ˵ٶȣ˺ֵĸ֡
ʱ˿̣һ飬½ء
ġؼң԰»ɽΪģһɿֲĵӰ
ͷϿգ״֮УԿһ˫ɫ
ǲʵ۾֮ǿֻĶ
Ǿ־
»ɽ־ļӳֱ֣绢

¡¡
̶ֻʱ䣬»ɽ֮ս룬һǧɵĵطһӴķ֮ǹӿ磬Ȼ˿ڰ»ɽ֮¡
䣡
һսƺһɾг忪ԭãã޼ʣŰķѩͻȻ֮ѩֱԭʮ֮һ
ԭŸϵǹɼȱҲͻȻ֮ɢȥϡͷϡ桭εļѸѿ׹¶ҲѸٻ
Ȼںɺ䣬ȴ֮ǰּˣҲڿԳܵķΧ֮ڡ
ע⣡ˡִ١
ִ٣ǶֵļȨԶƿ֮ϣΪִ٣һĶһһҾ߱Կ־
Ϊ˵ִ٣ԼԼף־ֻʷĺ޷ֵǶ;ļν
ע⣬ǿԶԿ־ǿҪ㣬ÿһ㣡ִٵÿʮ㣬ڿʼ㣡



ڶǧһʮ ִ֮
ͬʱ֮ʯһԺ
¡Ͱ»ɽ֮䣬еķѩ˲ɢֿ˶İ»ɽԼƽһžӡ
ˣ
ͬʱɢķѩԼͷٴγֵ壬»ɽɫһϣҪֹͣˡ
»ɽԭȸԾޱȵʱѻȸһ仰˵
ôܣ
ʱ˿̣𾪵Īڰ»ɽˡ
֮ӣǿԲٿڣ
ôܿԺԿ
ܣ
ֻһ˲»ɽͻعҧгݵǾԲܹ⡣
ҾͲܺҵ֮࿹⣡
»ɽɫƸ߾ڿУٴμӴ˶֮Ĳٿء
¡¡һֻһε֮ǰӳңУӿенԽӾˡ
꣬˵ĿУؼٴη״ëĴѩٴδ£һΣ½֮ǰ
ǲ壬Ҫݶɱ飡
ؼѸٱ󣬲Ÿݹȥķѩ»ɽɫ޺ޣٴμӴ˶֮Ĳٿء
Ũ֮ƬʵʣսʿܸоǹĴڣЩ

ۿŸҪٴν뵽ıѩУһֻ࣬һ˿ɫ
»ɽôûõģҲֵһᡣ
Ӹ£Į͸һ˿εͱġ
һ̣ԥļӴһ֮䣬Ĵʮʮ㡣Ȼÿ㣬ǵִٵʮ㡣
䣡
ۿӵķѩǵأЮĮĮѩĭŸݶһ̣ݵĳǽɵʱ򣬺䣬·һεǽڣзѩȻը
ǹֹڳͷѸſսͶ򣬺¡һҵײ»ɽ֮ĸǿһıѩ˲ɢ
սٶȱ

һĻеսʿ佫ɫ𶯣Ԩġ˹ɺŮ˴˻࿴һۣ׷üͷ
Ȼ֪˶ܸоڵ԰»ɽΪ
һ࣬ǰ»ɽɫѱùװѿޱȡ
ոյõ壬ǴչȭŵʱôҲû뵽սʧٿȻû˿ô
Σս֮ǰû뵽̶ʱ䣬徹ȻɳԶԸ־ĵز
ҿӣһƵᣬƺȻٿδȫ

һɲ»ɽеķŭԱ
𣡡
Ϸ֮۳˫ɫҲܵ»ɽеķŭԶͷϵ壬һвŭ
ֻһ˲䣬͸оһεɽƴޱȣ˷Լѹ
ڤڤУһִƺضڳԼѹ
ָо岢İ
֮
ƻ˰»ɽٿصҲƽ֮ãƺ־ĲȻֱӲ֣֮
¡¡
Χ˿ȴĹӰ̩ɽѹ㳯Լϯܵѹڶ̶ʱڳʼα
ǰȣֹ֮ٱ
棬Σգ־Ĺ
ʱ֮ʯľʾ
ͻ֮ǰѸվֱһʱһʱڵѲյ°ɡ
ܵΧѸٳ΢Ŀֲ΢΢ǣ¶һ˿мЦݣ˫֣ûжһ¡
ִ֮
޳裬־ƴ󹥻ٵɲǣ촽ֻ³˰˸֡
䣡
ھ廹ߵĵطǿֲƴѸһɸӴ顣
ִ֮

֮սܹ̫ףʳ޴ĳɹʹ֮ʯǰδеƸִٵĳƺš
ʱʾµҪµʱ⣬ǳսѹȥʱֹ¡
֮ǰƿȣִĸıִ֮
֮ʯģԼԿ־ִֻ֮һִ֮ǳ׻Ĺ
ûõģ־ʲôֻܹԹԳҵĽ£
ȴӹһ˿˵ĺâ
䣡
䣬Ȼһ̤һɰصףǧϪ㣬ѸɢݵӴУͬʱѸӴĵص״
ֻһ죬ͬʱ󷢶صɽ㼴緢ǹӴѹȥ
飡
һ̣˶ݵص׵ĺֻ΢΢һ£һбָƽ
֮Ĺ࣬޴ڣص׶Ӱ͹Χ֮ڡ
ֻϧ־Σ׼ڽ֮Ԥϵһ㣬ȫ׼
ݵص׵ֹΪ˶ԿͬҲΪѹͻصǹʶʱܷĽ
־ڣɽ廬»ǻɽȫʱܷ岻ܲ
쵰
һĻ»ɽƤʺ졣
оݱ徭Ӫˮйͨǿ־ȻҲû˿취
Ȼзŭܿ죬»ɽƽһΣζҪʹƵľӴݻ١
֮ٿֶֻ֮һȴȫ
Уǣ
»ɽһ߼ٿ֮к廥һѸתĸе
䣡
һ£ԶһԭŸƽѸ仯
ǰŵһʿѸٷֿ¶һͨͬһʱ䣬һĺӺ󷽴
ͷϣ塢á˼˵ĿУһԵķӪͬһʱ䣬һʿһ飬һСԶʻ
Ƕܳ
ЩСͷϣɫһ˲˳
ЩƶС泯ݵķһְ壬һ͵ļ򻯰ܳ
һġ塢̶ֻʱڣӪУ޵У˲ƵСͶܳ
ߣб
һĻЦһ
պɽͳ󳵲ӣһһεѪս£»ɽȻҲһ㣬˳׼ЩСͶܳԾԴƵ󳵲ӡ
ʲô󳵵ѵΪһְͿԵֵס󳵵
һԵͬ޴󽫾˼΢΢üͷ¶ɻɫ


ڶǧһʮһ ܳ󷨣
ǴɱɹĶ⹤죬
Ƶĺܶװ󳵣˼ͬҲװ˼ܣ󳵵ҲΪְֵܵס
֮ս֮ս˹˺ʹʳ˾ϴٺҲһֵסʮͼʿ㶴һְֵܵסģ
ûô򵥣ʲô飬һ֪ˡ
嵭
ӲСԼĶ֣ϱӻһ
»ɽֺۣʵȴκ˶Ҫթ˵߻ивӦ
Ȼ֪ЩܳʲôͬȴҲ֪ЩǱ濴ô򵥡
һɲؾ㾲棬˹ɺԨġŮ˵ĿⶼеƵĶܳϡ
һӴֱӾ֮ս
ǰһʿȫζڶܳ󷽣ǵĿԽְܳϷ͵͵һܼܼǽͷĸرźâļ⣬һвη岻ѡ
ǶйҼûв֪ģԣûԸ⽫Լ¶ֲֿɱ¾ǰ
ǰźĸְ壬ܸд˿İȫСɽֻǲβԸҲɲǣòӲͷƤϡ
ɣİɣɡ
ΧѾڳǿɱ˵ķΧˡ

ʱһĸӸдǻеĦ͸ܳսʿĶУжں󷽵սʿԾʿˮ¶һ˿ŵɫ
׼
ͬʱһӸд
պɽһףĿעűⲻϽӽĶܳҲͬע⵽˳ЩܳķͬѰ֮
պɽǾ̽һ
䣡
һ̣ЩٰܳʮɷΧʱպɽкһ־Ȼ¡
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ʯ쾪һ춯صľ죬ǧƵһŭХųĶܳȥ
һɲɽХʱ䶼·Ż
ˣͷϵ塢á˼ˣ˫Ŀȫеǰս
ٶȺܿ죬ɲǣЮŻԵ֮٣˲ٶһܼݶܳ
䣡
˵ĿУһɳĴָޱȣļȻжܳһְ壬ֻһգۣǺĸְھ޴ĳݣû⣬Щְȥһս㣬ֽƬ㱻˺ѡ
һ̣ʼϲһĻˡ
ڶܳӴɲǣܳĸְͻȻֳһķ󷨣ϸȥԿڶܳеķ󷨣һٶСС󷨹ɣͬƤ㣬Сָֻ׸ǴСĺ󷨶ͨĳַʽлһ𣬹ͬһ塣
̬ɵķ󷨣Ӳ̶Զķ֮ϡ
䣡
һӶܳĸְڲǾ޴֮ǿĵֿ
ԣǲֵܵס
һĻ߸ߵĳǽϣպɽ΢΢һ£ȻЩȣȴû̫⡣
ڸְи󷨣ʲô̫ʵʽƵЩַּ
ʳ˵Ķܱӣֵľ޶ܾ͸ͬķĺ󷨡ֻǵַʽȻֵס
»ɽֹ˶ôɳپӣڴǰҲֻбȴոˡ
ȻպɽԺвŸոͷսͷµı仯
⵽ĶܳΧû˿ףʮûܵĶְܳеķĺ󷨷·ͻȻܵĳִ̼
ֹˣԭɢʮܶܳһɲͻȻĳǿӣһָϸĹߴӸְ󷨵ĺλñŷʮְеΪһ壬Ϊһ޴͡
ֱӻΪһεϡ
ܳķһ˲ʼαʮܶܳķһ̷·ȫƼݵһܶܳϡ
䣡
˲˼ĿУǸ޼᲻ݣ֮ͬìֱӱܳ
ˣ
һĻϣ塢á˼պɽڣȫƤһ׷ױɫ
󷨣
̫ٱɫһ³ĸ֡
ΪƵսüʶ㣬֮ϡ
ʮܶܳƸԷɢʵΪһ壬ÿһܶܳһӴ󷨵һ֡
ϸȥͻ֣ᷢƵĶܳ£ʵʮܳΪһ飬ͬһԲ󷨣˴֮Эͬˡ
һĶܳ赲󳵵ӵʮЧͽȻͬ
󷨣
󷨵һص㣬󷨵֮˴˿Իãһ޷飬˴֮ЭͬЭͬսܹӳ޴
ҪһҪҲΪ̡
Ĵʦ󷨴ʦеĺ󷨶һģһܳ˿ƫʿѵڶܳƶģƶĹУΪεԭʱͱ䶯޷ӳ
ֿƶҪеʿѵأĬӵмߵЭԺͷӦͨʿģǾʿͬ޷
Эͬ˵ѣʵʵ
˭뵽»ɽҰģȻ˽׼һ֧
䣡
ʯ䣬һһǰߴܳ󷨵µԶֹһȥսһ⣬ǧǿȫֵܳ
һУݷȻûг˿
䣡
һĻֻգۼ䣬԰ƵУȻһɽХĻ
ⳡսеʵºʹƾ֮Ѫսĵηģʵֻպɽ󳵲ӡ
ʵĸߵͣҲĶ٣ڳǰͨͨԵôС
Խܼ󳵵ɱԽֲ
ⳡսУûȭȭ⣬ҲûеѪûκεֻ֣һ浹ɱ
͵սʿܼǰҲֻһжѣָоκսʿΪ֮ľ
ڣЩֲȻסˣ
սʿ˵ûбǰֵܵˡ
̫ˣ
ɱ
ЩܳƾͲΪ壡
һǣʿ
˰ɣֻһЩ˵ıѣΪ壡̫ʼ˼ȻЭ㣬Ȼ˳ɨƽһϰֺΪ壿
紵񹤳һ£ǰһİȻ
ЩܳȫĽ
ƾݺòô󷨴ʦĴʦеһж֯ṩ


ڶǧһʮ ʾ
ΪһεĶսֱ֯Ӵ̳ǧ֣еȫ˿Ϸ죬Ͻޱȣ׵ЩʦԱġ
ڸְе󷨣Ҳ̳żѡһЩѾʧĹ󷨡
Щ󷨱սֻѾʧ˶ѣԸʽ΢ĴƾӣǴ´ࡣ
ʵ᲻ţ
»ɽһĻʱҲſ˫ۣЦ
ԭŵģʱҲеһ˿Ҳɢˡ
ʧȥ󳵲ӵ壬ľӾ͵ʧȥצϻֱӾͱȥһս
ܴƻаĴǶڰ»ɽ˵ѾΪˡ
壬ǵսڲŸոտʼ
һ䣬»ɽԶ߸߳ǽϵӰ¶һ˿Цݡ
Ǳֻʹǧܵĳ̽ԵĹһ»ɽֻͬһ΢̽Щֻܳ̽ģͬδȫ
ڣ̽ѾѾòˡ
¡
Ű»ɽ󷽵У췭ظ仯
ڴƷĴĿעУ󷽵ضҡգ֮䣬ֿƵĶܳһĺУŸݵķƽ
Һ͵һĶܳȣһܳԸ걸ָ̣ĸְҲԽԽܣְĳߴҲ
ֹˣһغĺ󷽣ƽߴһɽͰĺӰĺ죬Ÿݵķʻ
¥
߸ߵĳ¥ϣ˼ɫ΢˳
󷽵Щ¥ÿһܶмʮף͸ݵȸߣͬһСɽ㣬ΡȻޱȡ
Ҵ¥ķЩȻı涼˸ְ壬˳ķ
Ȼ彨֮ݷѾӦԣЩ¥ͶܳеĲ֮һ
¥ڲΪڲӵʮ˴ӵײֱַͨͨͨʽֱԾǽͷͬʱⲿĹ˵һȫͨ
¥Ķһ㶼һĿռ䣬жʮˣֻҪ¥ǽЩʿͿѸٷԾ£ǽͷңΪĴᡣ
𣡡
һлԶûнһŭХǧĹݱ߸߾ٹͷȻЩսʿ߸̧ţһĴţŸݵķ
¥Ϲݣһεս»ɽ׼ԶĶ࣬ƾЩݾƹƸ߸ߵĳǽĸݺô
ɱ
Щܳ͹ʩͬʱһɱ쳹أľ飬ãã纣ͬǰƽ
սǰƵĶܳҲӿٶǰƽ
ˣ
أ
һսƳĺŽ˿ܲѣ쳹սϿա
û˿ԥڲԳܳͬʱ»ɽԥķ˴ٽ
ûһ̽»ɽֱӾͽⳡʷǰĵ۹ս˸߳ҪĶܳ¥͹ݣԼ԰ƵĴڵһսоͽƳ״ݿ塣
һٶ˥ߣ
Ǵʢʱ򣬶ڲɸӣڴˣųһȺ˳򣬲˭˭󣬶ڲɣΪڹļʵ
ΨȫģĹбִͬʱڲŽᡣ
ϣ
ڰ»ɽͬʱֻһ󷽣ĸ߾ʵԨкâһǰ͵һ̤էĸУһֺޱȣҫ۵ս⻷ɢѸٷ䵽
֮УԨսľûκλʵôϲʿ䣬ս
ĳźţԨ֮еĸ߾۹佫Ϣȣȫڵս֮գ֮һһ಻ָɫͬս⻷һۻҵķʽѸչ˽߾¡
ֹ⻷ļӳ£еĸ߾սʿϢһǣʵֱӰ
̶ֻһ˲еĸ߾Ѹٴﵽ۷壬һͭǽڰĸо
ˣ
󣬶ͻʺʵ˹ɺ޳оâһǰһ
飡
һ£ѩɽѩĭ֮ߣֻ̺Ӵʹµĵ涼װ㣬ҵĲ
䣬̶ֻʱڣһ޴ս⻷籩һ㣬̺޾ĹѸٴ˹ɺ·
֮У˹ɺ͵ľ֮һʵ
ϣ
ֻһܼĽǺƴĹ⻷䵽жͻʿĽ£˲ϢʿٶȣȫȻ˿ԨλսĻʵ֮£ĳЩй֮
飡
˹ɺ֮Ů죬ͬŵ𶯣϶صս⻷
ֻգ֮䣬һһĸڶ԰Ƶ˴ȫŲȹ⻷Ѥޱȣͭǽһ㣬ϢΪˡ
ӴĹģ
ǿϢ
ڶǿߣ

ǰչֳƺκΪ֮ľĳ̶ֳϣЩӴľҪ˵Ĵʳӡ
սս
»ɽҪɽĹƣ׻ĸݣ
ҿεֵҵĴɣ
ĺɱУ»ɽ΢΢۾̧ͷԶͷϵ塣
ȴôãӭԼҪʱ̣һΣҪ峹׵սᡣ
ɱ
̶ʱڣͺһ֧Ӱ㣬ǧĴǰͺ̣Ÿӿȥ
չֳƣеĴ佫΢΢ɫ
ʱ˿̣Ψг¥ϵ廹򶨡
ǣ
һ̣ΪƵľӻڸУȴʱֻһӣ漴һض·˺ˡ
ݵĵײȻһ޴Ļһشʮľ޴ְ屻¶һףʮ׵ͨ
ͨڲĴƼʿĶУһֻᶨĲѸٴ˳
ǧ
һ

̶̵ֻʱ䣬ΧͲĴԶãã纣ԶİЩĿȻû˿η塣
ʲô
ǰ»ɽ˸׼ʱҲɫһ㵣ʶŤͷĸС
Ǹ쵰òΪ赲ԼĴɣ
ʾ
Ŷɫͬޱȡ
ǣһսִУأԼķʽǷ
֮ս˹֮ս嶼ǵıأĴʵԶʤַʽӦǵƣչʾǵʵ
һսûҪĴս


ڶǧһʮ ܳĿֲ
쵰
еĻ»ɽĻ
񹤳ϣ̫ʼǱô˵ʲôʱܸϵս
»ɽͻȻͷһԵ񹤳ϡ
̫ʼһɫǵѣȴֻܱĽܣ޷ϵ̫ʼҪϵ̫ʼֻͨ񹤳ϡ
˱Ͼͬں֯񹤳ϱ̫ʼƼġ
ⳡ۹սǰչ̫ʼ˼Լȴѹ֣̫ʼ֣ⳡս¸ûô鷳
԰̫꣬ʼ˼ȻŵһϵԳ֣ǾͶȻֻܰĵȴǡ
񹤳һƵ
ⷬ»ɽɫֱεسˮ
һϵ
ⷬԼǰʱô˵ģôشԼȴûиһȷеʱ䣡
ǹ˼̫ʼԼˣǺ޲ֱһɱˡ
Ǭ棬ƵǱ߻жûϵ
»ɽǿѹеķŭͻȻŤͷһԵǬ
شˣƵľȫʱ㣬ӦûҪһִܵ
Ǭͷ
ıݺ޵ĸݷָ޷ԭڴƵ½ɷֲŴ̽ӣܹԴԴϵṩõϢ
ܺã
»ɽ΢΢ס
ӳһٷսȴ̫ʼִҲǿǵƵ³ԼȵȻûиϵݣ»ɽžǰⳡս
ھͿܲڽ֮ڹˣ
»ɽܿع档
Զãã̤⻷۵糸Ծ˵ٶȲϽӽݡ
˫ľԽԽ
ڣǽţսޱȡ
ү
ͷϣպɽɫأʶ塣
Լþɣⷽͽˣ
ͷϣһƵ
ڵζԴƼ䲻󲿶ӿȫˣˣպɽǼΡ
λĩʱ貵ĽǣպɽȫԴǰľ档
š
պɽĵ˵ͷٶ˵ܿȥָӳ󲿶ˡ
Ԥ
ǣ
һȣ߸ߵĳͷϣƵţӱڱ
䣡
һƵŭһǰһܳȻͬٴηˣЩ޼᲻ݵĳһȫʧȥá
ƵĳѾˣ
κβǣ
ֵǳ壡
ǽҵʱ򣬷࣬ڽգ
ȹǽͷģͻƽʮϮ

һĻܳ󷽣еݱ˷ܵ˻
󷽵˴Ҳ̼ܵһ˷ܲѣнٶȸˡ
󲿶䣡
ıԣÿܳһ飬һܳ
ͷϣպɽɫԣĿʱ̶Ŷ治ϿĶܳӡ
պɽһܼġݷĻӴĳ󲿶Ҳ֮ı䡣
꣡
߸ߵĳǽϣһشطļѸٸı䷽׼ͬһ
䣡
ֻһɽХŭ𣬵ŭٴαĶܳӡ
䣬֮ٺݺݵײͬһܳϣڲ˺֮ǰȻͬЧ
ϣŴ̶̵ĸְͻȻ̮ݣͺ񱻴ðݵƤһ㣬ûͻʮܳɵ󷨡
һĻͷպɽԼеĽ춼һݷֶܳǿѾԶԶس˵ܳȻ޷ַպɽ֮ǰôû뵽ġ
һεĶԶκһζҪԶԸ
ֻһɲպɽع
ıĿ꣬ȫܳĳ֣챣
պɽܼĻٴĳٴθı䷽
䣡
û˿ףǰһܳһһУ˲ըѿľм裬޴ĳķʮɸߡ
ܳ󣬸һƬ
ܳȻ˴ķĺ󷨣ĺȴ޷ӵϣǿҲֵסԳֵĹ
䣡
ֻһľ죬һһĶֱܳգʧȥ˳֣Щ̱ܳڵأ̶ʱڣɰǧĶܳʧȥԣһѷ
ֹˣе󷨶ʮܳΪһ飬һ̱ܳ漴ʧЧ
һĻԶ»ɽǵЦݻûгþѸȥˡ
Ǹָӹ˭
»ɽɫͻȻڵ
պɽ½Ὣ죬ͬʱҲǴƳ󲿶ӵ죡
һԱߴͻȻ˵һƬء
ڵѾֻǿҲֻıԵĳڣΧ£һĽ죬պɽ֮һ
ҵԸܳӵİ취ѣϾûʲôȱģ˼ɵǣӵһڣǰ󲻹̶̵ʱ䣬СյĹ򶼲պɽѾҵ˶Ըܳӵİ취ӦٶȫǳһĶ⽫ܾ߱ġ
ּĽҲԲ࣡
Ҳ󷽵ķӦһһĶ̱ܳڵأг󲿶ӵսʿҲ˶ܳӵ㣬ѸٸıĿ꣬˲Ϣ䣬һһıԽԽĶ̱ܳ˸ǰԶĵط
ˣսԶδֹͣ
ˣܳǰ
ͣӺ󷽵ȡĶܳǰ
עҪöԷ֣

һһ˻սǰߴ
ټսţѾ˻ҩһĳ̶ȣӶܳӵλÿȥؿһŴƵļʿ
ĿǰΪֹЩ·һ㣬һ
ôľ룬Ѽеɱۿɹôʱ׷
ܿ죬һ˻ǰĶܳѸٷ仯һԲεĶܳѸٽжϣЩֱɵıԭأɵĶܳУǰƽ
ܳԿ̵󷨺ıʹͬС죬ܶ඼滻ôĿģΪǵ˶ּܳսлһ
һܹܳܵĳͣӰ쵽֣սƻ
ߣվǷˣһж̫ˣô׾ͱƻʲôȡ֮
У񹤳һۣܳѸٻָҼǰƽɵЦ
Ϊ֯Խĳϣ񹤳ȻȲ书ֱ̫ʮλǿߣ֯Ȼӵ޿ĳȻλ
ԭܼ򵥣ΪЩҪԼսģԸıһӴҪǣġƻ벻Щ⹤
Ϊ񡱵ˣǵԲЩ˿Աġ
񹤳ϵЦݲŸոչߣһ̣ǰս仯


ڶǧһʮ 壬ķ
䣡
·һսϿըһ̣û˿ףĺУһ޴ʮ׳纣룬ȻӸһ򿪵ȱڴ
ֻһ죬һĵطһصĶܳ˲䱻ײķѣĺظְ·ֽһ˺ѿʮܳɵ󷨣֧£ֵ¶ͺһ
Ȼһнֻǿʼʧȥ˶ܳı󷽵Ķܳսʿҽţ·ƲһգϿֱֲӽѪƲЪײ˺󷽵ĵڶܳбеĶܳͶܳսʿһȫǷǵ³
ֱһǧԶֱϣǶܳܳսʿıֻ֣ǽ̤⻷ʵǿ佫ȫ鿪
Ǹֱ֮һһǧɳɺش
һĻ˶¶˼ȿ־ɫ
Сģͳ󣡡
ս֮У֪˭
ͳ
֮սУԸʳ˾޾ŵľɱٱĳ
־ͳʹõҲӴޱȣǺ
սʿȻ󲿷ִǰδ֣ǶµļֳѼ
Դ֪ԼĶеսʿ֪ԼЩֲĴɱ
ֻ˵һ£Ѫ֮ȥһ¡
ŴһǧɳѪ·սʿɫ԰ף׶Ť
С

һֱ۵ĸܡ
崴Щڶǿ߸еıΪĸߵͣ־ǰһĽ
䣡
䣡
䣡
һһܼĺӸϷͺսϿըһһܼ
һʮӱбڶ˴ɱʮѪ·ûκԴֻѪƬ
һ˲䣬սɲǵš
ÿ˶ѹԵţΪױȵɱ¡
ÿֲ
ĴУߴ󣬿۾૵˵仰
嵽ڶûг֣µֱѾĥӰ
һ̣ͺһʰ㣬ӡԺ
սǰԭһЦ°߾񹤳ϴʱҲĬˣ֮ǰİš
ȥٽ
ʱһǰ»ɽҧݣݺݵĶǰͻȻڵ
ʵ̫Ķҡˣ˵ĴѾ칥ǽˣֻҪϳǽľͳжӢ֮ء
أ
һĺŽѸս٣˴ߴٵζ
ǰߣյеĴǿſ־壬һ˻ţٴǰɱȥӭǵģһһִľϢսвɢ
壬һķˣ㽫Щͳǰ߻أһЩһ٣ڿѾԤϵһĻɣ
Х˼һͭؼףһͻȻŤͷԵ
Ϊĵ۹󽫣ظоЩͳ֮սն΢ı仯ǱߵʿܵӰ죬ȻŸݳٶȴ˺ܶࡣ
ʮܾͳܹﵽЧһ㣬ľ;ûд
ҪӰԷľʿɱ˾ܹġ
ԣֻǵȻһЦ
ȻԤϵһĻȻûв²⵽Σɱ޵ľͳһսзӹɵġ
ƾʮܾͳ󣬵ֵסǣǳˣ
ʱһԱߴ̫ٱüͷͻȻڵ
ľͳɱӴ󣬼产ˣʵ˵ţһë΢ҳ٣ٶֹƾЩ󣬸ֵܵסĳ
û˵ֻǵĵ˵ͷ
ԶԽԽ
һɣ
ʮɣ
ǰ˵սʿǰսʿѾʮףȻĴƾӺݺݵĶŶ棬ͦȴ㣬һ
ͬ˰㣬ʱܹǷҲ⣡
ʮף
ʮף
һ
һ̣춼סˡ
ΣһķӦ
룬Ѿ޷ˣմƵķ񣬸Ѿø˶档
¡¡ܳǰ˻ţҲŲϳ
һ̣֪Ĵƾһԭˡ
¡¡
ֻһҽУھʮ׵ʱûκεףԭƽĵͻȻ䣬¶һ޴жʮ׳ݵĿӶ
һŹǣ֮ٷƾӣûĵ棬˲Ϣ䣬飬ܳܳսʿ󷽵ؼ߾ʿš¡ȫȥ
ݣֱӴֱӸ˲ݺأҲĹ漫󣬲һգۣƵʿ䵽޴ĿӶ֮С
ӶҲһͭĸ··ϣܲһһɶ೤ĸ̣Щ̷ޱȣܼ֣һͬǹְֱָգη

һսʿĲҽţļ̴׷׹档
ֻһ棬˫ûʽսʧء
ǰ߶ʱһƬңҪǣ󷽵Ĵǰӿǰ˱ȥ׹ִ̿Ӷ֮С
䣡
һɲǣ棬ڸǰĴƾҲͻȻˣֻһȣؼףֳ־޽˲
֮ǰȳģǳ¥Ƶֲӡ
ݣ
ʯ䣬һ̶ХȻŷһͬһ㣬˵ĿУƵֿһ֧֧ƵƼͬգȻڸ߿һߣ֮٣ŵӶб¡
ͣ
һѪڶԭӶлһЩսʿҴδ
ֻһ޴ĸӶжʱһƬžȫǴ£ûκεҴߡ
ֽľ룬ֻǼ鷢κε
ֹˣ޴󡢲һ೤̵ĸ·ʱ˿̻һεǵԭŸݳֹڴˣһƬɱĿꡣ
ôľ룡
ܼĳ̶ȣ
ֲҪʧֶܣ
Ҫǣַ󳵲ӲͬͷΧȫģݷƵĸֵܳ󳵵Ŀֲȴֵ־ӸµĸԼ䣡


ڶǧһʮ Ƿսһ
ݣ
һ󼸺Ҫ˶ĤХͷϣƵĴٴ侲ݣͺĳ򵥵ѵһ
ֻһΣĿ겻ǱУǸ飬ãã纣ҲǰʿĴ󷽡
䣡
ֻһĲҽУѩĭըʮ׸ߣ棬ܼȵļ׹£󷽣Ƶݾ߾սʿͻ˺ˣѪ䣬׷ױڵϡ
ǰ߲ĸͨѾȫٳֻңʹûҽһһʱ䣬ǰɵ߰ɵķΧһƬҡ
󷽣ĴȻ飬ãã纣ܵǰͣһʱ֮ͷӬһ㣬޷
һлԶûн
䣡
ĺУڸݵ࣬ص£شŴѵѩĭƵضʮ׵ĺظְһգĸ·ֱھ޴ݿӹֵһˡ
ǰ״ֳؽְͨͨŶѾҵɱȥ
ϣ
һһĸӶ𣬾һƵؼսʿ£һս⻷Ѥޱȣͬ㣬Ľ£籩㣬Ѹչ
⻷ٹ⻷ؽ⻷⻷Գ⻷ҹ⻷һ⻷ӳ£ƵϢǣһͬһ㣬Ѹٿǰ̵ִݿͨ绢ɱ뵽˶Ĵ֮С
ߣԶ
ɱ
ûй򵥵ļ仰չ¶ȴױȵƺ־
䣡
һսʿݿ֮࣬һսʿܲݰ׷׵¡
ϣâһһսʿֲһ޽УǿֲҼն£пףֱӽİնϡ
սʿжûüУţ˲Ϣޣ类Ƶľ׮㣬صأһ
һ󣬴սʿӶ˵ڵأһ֮С
һң·͵սʿһߣԴʮĴƾ˫սĽ֪
ɱ
ĺɱУƾңаС
ƾӵĹ£ǰߵԽң̶ʱڣǧƵնɱԽԽĴʿԽְͨʧֱ
һ潻УʶƵǿʵ
ĲԾУʵ˿ݾ֮£ʤ֮
ģ


ʱ˿̣ݸ߸ߵĳ¥ϣȴ΢촽ʼʱ
û֪ʲôһ̣һʱ˶ʱ˼
䣡
˵ĿУѾȫǵִֵ̹ƾӣͬһʱеľ޽ڷѩ֮Թ⣬Ȼ뻮һػ¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬һɲսͻȻž֡
˵ĿУֻһսǰߣսʿؽһնɱ
Ƶ뵹£ǹǵأɽޱȣ
ѪѸϣѪҺİѩҲȾɺ졣
ЩѪͳʬӳ£һؼףֳĴʿͬ߳ް㣬һֲսʤĸо
ʮԼĶ֣ûηӣռݾԵƣѹ֣κľ
󷽣»ɽ۾һĻþ˵
쵰
һȺ
ڣ»ɽɫ̲סŭ
Ѿɳܳӻ˴ɱǿ󳵣ƾӣԭΪƾܳȫϣָǿȵĹӦԽڸǰЩʿ촷ۣϵڼ⿳ɱ֮
ǰ»ɽսǰôû뵽ģֱ澡ʧ
ڰ»ɽͬҲ𶯲ѡ
ŲһԭΪʢ֮ʵѸ䴫ԶٹڿˣǽտԶԶ͹ˡ
߾ʵԨıһӭƮĸ߾ս£ǰߵһĻƤɲ
Ϊ߾۹ʢԨĲֹսսܿܿ佫ķۣƷ棬Ҳһ󶼻ثѡ
ܹϹ£վȽŸһ֮ռƣثǸʵǱ裬ͣκε۹Ϊ֮ӡ
塪
ԨĲ֪ȥ
һսûг֣߾Ѿ˰ˣǱ߻ûг̫΢΢
һδԨԭΪƱӣʿս֮½ڿˡ
˵»ҪԶث֮ϣ
Ԩİ
˵˵ڳܷΧ֮ڣһӴսֳģλƱʥֵġ
ʥȻ鴫ʼǸͷ۵Ķְ
ԨĲԶĵطͻ˹ɺҲ΢΢üͷ
޽һݣƾأȴƫƫŶʮԼĶҲ塣
ϣ˹ɺܵһִ󿪴ϣյսһλڴĺսɺǿӲɡ
ȻӿսڣֻƬ̵ʱ䣬λƱʥѾ¼Ϊ̵ӡ
˹ɺЩң˹غͻʣͻվԶһЩҲڱһλƱʥ
ҪǣڴǰѾϣƾͻһȫǴƵĶ֡
һ࣬Ůûô뷨Ǵչֳսɱ˸е𶯡
ţǱĻҪѶԸأ
һϵƤ£ĺ붶ǰͻȻڵϸȥƺӿս⡣
ĶֲԽζ𣿡
ԤϣŮһЦŶ壬йâһȤζɫ
Ķˡ
ŮǵӰͻȻҧ촽Ŀڵ
һԣȴüͷȴʲôû˵
Ҳ˵ķӦʱ˿̣ǰݽҲüͷ
ƾֹ֮ͷʦɢⳡ˵ĵ۹֮սѾζʧһ롣
У
ʱһ˳Ĭ»ɽȻŤͷԵĸС
ͬʱԨġ˹ɺŮҲͬʱ˹


ڶǧһʮ Ƿս
һˣƸ԰»ɽΪȫȨӰ»ɽĵǲǰ֡С桱޷ã͸̸ˡ
صģһֻҪޡＸλȥñɡ
ȣüͷȴûʧȥִ硣ĿһתܿһԵĴǬӺõˡ
λͽˡ
е
ţ
ǬӺǬȷӦ˵ʲãѸٷ
ͽðɡ
˵ݲȣŰ»ɽһ񣬶һѸתȥ
˳֣»ɽ΢΢ͷɫҲƽࡣ
ݲǿ׳ͬʱҲ佫ƣǬӡǬ漸Ȼԣʵڱս϶в׵ʵ
رثµЩ꣬»ɽһֱĽˣڶԶͻʺɺ߾ȹսУ⼸ӵжһ
ʧڴУսҲѸٷ仯
дֹͣǰ
ǰʿ˿
жֹܳͣǰ÷׼
ڤ׼

ܿ죬Ŵޡλĳһ´
˵󷽵ĴԭڲǰӿȥʹûҽһչǴʱдյֹͣǰ
ǰߣĴԭУʱյͷ·ҵĹһ㣬󷽵ʿƶȻɺǰзֿ
еʿһյ׼ȷͻѸٻָ侲Ҹ¡
һ㣬Ǭӿü׼
ݷķӦ
䣡
ĺ󷽣ƽߴֻһ죬һ޴ʯţͻȻлһ޴ĻߣҲԽսŸݵķ
ֻЩʯǳĺڲƫһСǶȣֱӹ򡪡
ƾӣ
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬Ǿ޴ʯЮŻԵ׹£޴ĳʮƵؼսʿɳȥ
ʯ׹ģսʿֱֲӱ޴ʯУ꣬عǶۣѪ䣬ϵ׶ŤΣƲ㣬ֱӱ
Ȼһлֻǿʼ
䣡
䣡
䣡
һһĺӺ󷽴ǿʯ֮󣬽Ӷʯϱ׳ʿУڴƵľɾ޴
ʯٴﵽٽǧ֮ء
ЩʯӸ߿䣬ھ޴Ե£ٴﵽ߰
ڵײʿ˵ǾʿԵֵοǡ
Ͷʯ
һſžʯ䣬ͷϣ˶ɫһݣǡ²á֪˷׷ǰ塣
ǰúͰ˼Ҳɫ΢
ԷĽܲ򵥡
˼΢۾ǰ
ǸѽǬ档
Ҳ΢΢üͷ
ͶʯֻǵģͶʯԸ沿ӣǰߴֹҽһ󣬾λ¹ϵĴսҲòϣλ󽫾ǵ֮
ȥɢעΣ
ɫһ
ͶʯȻϡ٣ԷԶԴɾ޴˺
δ䣬䣬һХһ޴ʯţٴֻһµʯ֮ǰȻͬ
䣬˵ĿУǿ޴ʯûƾӣǱֱ˲̵ĿӵǾ޴ֱӽ೤ĸ䣬ĸִҲʯ̴飬Ĵɽ
һ飬飬顭
ʯ֮󣬸ͶʯͶʯ׹˿Ӷ֮С
ʲô
󷽣²õ˿һĻΪ㵡
˵һʯпǡƫĻЩƫͶʯδ̫ˣ
Ͷʯƽӵ
ʱһǰ˵ע⡣
ǰɫأüӹһ˿ŨŨơ
ԷеĻҪǰǽͶʯӷֳ飬һ鹥ƵľӣһͶʯʯƽǰĿӵ
˵谭Щ̵ĿӵֻҪƽЩӵȫƽͿһƽӳϵơ
ֲһΪֳһѻеͶʯ
²ãͽɣ
ʱһ侲ǰʱͻȻˡ
ǣү
²һܿ췴Ӧ漴ɫһϲȥ
˶ԸΪ٣²ôں󷽴Ȳˡ
꣡
ų²õȥͷϣһҵ𣬲ڶ
ݣ
ֻգ֮䣬ͷϵֲԷֳɣеһ䣬󷽵һָı䷽򣬿ʼ׼Ͽ׹ʯ
䣡
ֻһըܵһ֧֧ǿ䣬սϿգһʯҵıը
²õļЧʯм׷׹ѾԶԶû֮ǰвˡ
棬ǬӺǬڴ֮УһĻ˻࿴һۣɫһ
ӦԱĻҪ죬ȥͶʯɵʵɱЧǳޣֹˣҪʯӵ뷨¶Ը
ˣɳڤӣֱӸɵƾӣѾӵԸǸܿӵӰ죬ɱǣֱʬƽӵ
ǰһƥĸͷϣǬɫһ䣬Ȼڵɫ¶һŨŨɷ
Ϊ»ɽµͷŴ󽫣Ǭƽʱʱ򻹿һսʾȫɢ
岻ƲƣȲƱǬӵʵԶȺܶĺöࡣ
⴫ȫߣն
Ǭǰٴε
ڴѾָҵҪֵܵǶٴ
һ䣬Ǭӵһ˿ŨŨɱ
ȻռȻһ̵ĿӵٿɱʮһѾָ򣬻ҲõֹǴƵȻ֪ѾΧ֮УֻҪһ£ͿԽ촷ۡ

ŴǬӵһ仯󷽣һֱȻΡȻɽϢɱһ֧Ҳ֮˲Ϣ֮㳯ǰսȥ
Ҳݺ棬ǰͶʯвƾӼǰƽѪ䣬һһŵҺŲϵ¡
үڴѾûǵƾҶԷѾָǷҪôʱ󳷣Աʧ
һԱߴ˼ͻȻڵ
һĵ̣ԶȴϤڰ˼ĿǰƣɶԷʮѾǷǳʵսˡ
¼þգʣ˳ջسڣóǳصļ̶ԿԷõķʽ


ڶǧһʮ Ƿս
ҵһԷʿĿѾȫﵽûбҪټˡ
ã
Ԥϣǽǰ帺ֶˣԥľܾ˰˼飺
ⳡսԶûеձʱ򣡡
Ļ˼ʱסˡ
Ϊͬ޴󽫾ʵߵḶ̌˼Ҳӵг͵ı裬µ۴ķƵʿտƾѾԲ״̬ȴƫƫ¶һǿš
һʱ䣬˼Ҳ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǰ˵Ѿ츲صı仯
ɱ
ȫ
쵰ֻˣҾͲţô˻ɱǣ
ȫѹϣɱǣ

һ˻ǰʱ˿̣ǰߵڻָ֮ҲʧȥաΧ֮еĴƾӣѪ˫ۣ纣Ӹǰɱȥ
Ҫʱڹ䱸ɭϵĸݣûô򵥣ǽɱƵľӣǾһˡ
¾ˣƾʲôȥԿʮ
һ˲䣬еʿٴιս⣬ɱڣǰȥ
ʱ˿̣ո£սʿ޾еһС˻һ㣬΢ʱܱ𣬲ˣãã޾Ĵսʿ㣬û˿ȴ˼
ǵˣǰ
ɱ
һɱ춯أ̶ֻʱ䣬˫Ĵ˳һ㣬ٴɱһ
Ϊ˱£
ƣ
еĴ֮Уһ߾˻̶򣬳ǧĸ߾ʿֳֺɫ˫ɫ͡
Щ߾ʿ쵶̤⻷һɶУͬеһ㣬˶һС֧Ʋӡ
ֻ֧жʮˣҴԵһȺ߾ʿУֱͬһԵĴ׸㣬û⣬ǵƣֻҪغϣͿɽȫնɱ
ϣ
ֻһֻһգۣ˫ͣѸپһ˫˸âȻصײһ
УѪ䣬ΪһѪⳡսıĻҪöֻ࣬ĽȴЩ߾ʿôû뵽ġ
ֻһĶ죬׹أһ߾ʿؽֲľп壬һľ׮㵹ڵϣ˵Ѫ
ôܣ
Ϊ׵߾ӳ۾ɫ԰ףŵĿΧ֪ʲôʱڼĴʿģȻѪ䣬һ˵ڵϣʲôҲ֪ˡ
ֻһ̣оЩ˵ƺЩŹ֡
ڱԵشǶʮ¾ƺеô򵥡
Եشĸ߾ʿ죬Ѿ֪ȾˣǶڸʿ˵ȫڡ״ݻƾɱ֮Уûע⵽ǰı仯
ɱ
˷ǧʿӿȣͬİ㣬ƾӣûжע⵽ڸǰƾѾɹʦĳֽԲΣȴָӵöľ󷨡
Ӵͬһĳְ㣬ͣתܵҽ棬ڡͳ֡ڲһһؼʿǧΪλͬһһġ㣬ӾͳڲϵĴ֮УҽһȺһȺ뵽ڲ
Щڲսʿ޾Ĵʿֻ·һ
ֹˣͳҲ᲻ͣĸı䣬ʱ򣬾ͳֵϰ벿ֻ߽᳹⣬ȫһݺύĽϵĳ桢ɱĶֺɢȻٴɡתɱ
ĿԶԼĶ֣ʿûб֫飬һּǿӲķʽȭȭ⣬ѹס˶ʿͻʿ߾ʿԼɺʿѪ䣬˵Χ
ȻԶʤ֮ǰս
˿־ǣԶʤԷ֪ΪʲôÿһȥսʿɱĶʱоԼٵһսʱֻ֪ΪʲôΧȫ˴Ƶʿ
߰˱ͬʱԼؽЩսʿҲֵס˵Ѫ
ôܣ
ŶʼƾӣԶǬɫˡ
󷨣
һԱߴǬĿգҲΪƾչֳսݣ
ʲôѡľӣһ֧óϻ͵Ķ
磬սиָͣ˵ʸͣٱ˵˹óУͻóȺ͡ЩͣĽ켸ָơ
֮ȴͼµĸ߶ȣҲȫˢж⼸ֵĸ
У󷨱ø߶ȸӣҲ߶ȿֲɱǴﵽŵĵز
һ֧͵Ĳӣ˴ϣԼĶ֣Ҳʤ࣬׵Ľֻնɱġи͡еĵͣ½º˲֪ˡ
ǰɳʩչҲƵֻǿӸӶѡ
ǬӣСģͨʿǵĶ֣ڤǣ
ǬƤٴοһ۳ǽ壬ڵ
ߣҲ
ڴƽ̵ԼĲ£һдµĻ仰º˲֪ˡ
ñʵʵ޷óȥȣΪķʽսʱȴͻΪʹıƵʱʹˣ
һ棬ݺȫ·磬Ҽ䱻
򡭡ʮ
ڴʩչսԺ׼ɨҶոʽӱɱ̶ֻʱ䣬ǽӽʮĴսϡ
֮ǰնɱʮһӴսƲ뿪ݣ£Ѿնɱ˶ʮɱ˵ٶԻڼӣÿʱỵ̈иʿ˵Ѫһ
ɱЧʣúͰ˼Ϊ֮𶯡
γ͢˵±ͬʱִӸ֮гװϱΪѵ
ͻȻڵ
γ͢ԴԶеĴ󶼻󽫾ȫڡˡλ̫ٱҲ뵽С
ģʵλ
˻֪ȴ֪λ󶼻󽫾֮ǰѾǰڲȡʵı
ȥ岻˵Ҳùʡ
ڿǰˣ
Ȼٱˣ
һЦûзϡ
ڽǰ߻֮󣬴Ӻ󷽺ġ


ڶǧһʮ Ƿսģ
ĻԶΪƵıʥͬʱǱԪ˧ǰδеʢôܰȻأвһš
̣
ʩչƣͬʱҲĩʱ֮һʵٿԽǰģֻϧȴûĩʮ֮С
ԭܼ򵥣ʩչ̴̫̣ҪұȫװʿʵҪҲߡ
ĩʱ½ʵʹղ򶥼װʿ
Ϊ޷飬Ҳ޷֤˲ûС
ĩʮ󷨻ʵʲġ
ĴƹǿʢǶʢ֮ʱټгıԴ뵽˳һ̴֧֧
̵̣
֧ĵطǸݵڣҲǵ֮š
ҲҪ֪ݵķΧ֮ڣĵǵĻ֮ţ
вԻԷܳΪȣ
建֣ͬʱڵ
ǣ
󷽣һѸȥ
̴Ȼ˵ɱǿֲɻպɽ󳵲ӣֻҪٵĶܳӣպɽ󳵾ٶóԼαո֣ӶԷ
һսҪ֪ĴƾԵģóȻƣ͵ش۵׼
ս˻ϣͬ˱ĲҽΪһ壬쳹ս
ʿһɱɱ
ƽǰսĻ֮ԭΪ׵ƾӣϵĴǺޱ仯ۿãã޼ʵĴҪƵľӣڽһӣսڷµı仯

һŭȣըսޱߵˣδ䣬¡¡һ󼱴ٵȻӺ󷽴

ڴ룬ʿͬˮ˰ֿں󷽣Ѫ죬ɱڣһֻ˵Ĵȫףֻ۾ͱ¶棬һɢűɷ籼׳㰴ĳУսǰ̶
飡
һʿӦһƥսУǲһײȴʿ߷һֱײɳȥ
еĵط׶ڱѿ
ǰȴٶȲǰȥͺոײϵĽֻһƬҶѡ
𣡡
һĻǰһƾӵĶӳͫһɫ
ǿ
ǿ
֧Ӻ󷽱۶ϱǵأɽԱġ
һ֧ľ
𣡡
Զ䣬뻮һٳǰͷϢᣬڤڤУһ˷ˡ޷޵캳ء
˶һ˵ĳ֧ϷӰãͻȻ֮¶һɭпݹǳɶѣѪԩаĸһɫĺӿԶȥ
ںɫϷò֫ϱۣسظ
ֲĳκΪ֮ļ¡
ڤ
ǰ»ɽڶѵ֡
ثԭһ֧̍ϧ̍ث̫ҳˣ»ɽŲ˶һսУ̍ȫûˡ
κһӴûԼ֣û̍һʮٵĶ¼Ǿ޷ģû̍»ɽͱѵԼı֡
ʵϣںܾǰ»ɽѾһ㣬ͬʱҲӦ׼
ڤһֱ̣ĬĬ׼Ľ
ƾսԶԶ룬ƾͨʿǵֵסġ
ֻжֲܶԿ֣
ϣ
ս̤ڤϵϢҲڲϱ仯ֻһһһս⻷ӶѸٴЩڤĽ±ڤϢٳ߸ͷһٴΰ𣬾Բȱ˿ѷɫ
ʱĿײڸݵĳǽϣʵʣ죬κ˶Ϊ֮ɫ䡣
⺩ڼ飬˶Сˣܹѵһֻ֧ɽԵñҪƾһ㣬ⲾѾκһˡ
ֵҪѾȫ͵ѧȥˣ
ͻȻ̲סп
ߣʢ磬ڻ¥裬̬乫䣬Ц񿴿˭ǱЦһ
˼˵
乫俴ۣôһɽ׳ԼлᷢѴơ
󷽲Զثףһһס
˼Ȼֻ䣬ϸġʼٸߡס
󣬿ۣôܻнһĻ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ľǡǡһɵġ
ҲΪˣثвԽķŭ
ΣҶҪնɱս󡣡
ثкݺݵ˫սָ죬ָײѪ֪
зƴǷô˻سУڻü
һ˶õûע⵽ثķӦĿעǰ壬ʵ
زܹնɱӽʮӣսȽӽһʮսѾ侪ˣں󳷣ҲѾﵽĿ꣬ش

ɫƽû˿Ĳ
ڻ󳷵ʱ򣡡
߲ͣƽƽȴ¶һǿš
Ļλ۹󽫶ɫһԲսûеƵ£ǼΪԿģ˼ƺӦǷ̤ڤ
ϸ룬ʱһХǰء
Сģ
ʿҲǰı仯овѸٸıΣ׼ӭС
ɣ
һɣ
ʮɣ

˫ľԾ˵ٶ¡¡ڶոǽޱȡ
սϣܸϵĴƾӣʿ˵Ŀⶼ˹е֧ϡ
սŲոտʼ˫Ķ־Ѿʼ潻棬ֽչĻҪö࣡
˺ǣ
ԶսϣǬӺǬעǰĿޱȡ
κʱʿʵͬ£ҪԶҪǣ֧ڤʵǵ룬һƻʧܣثѣ̍Կġ
ڤ֮Уǽ̍ΪУѵʽ͹̣Ҳοں̍ѵʽ

ݵʱ򣬴ǬӺǬͽйʵ飬һڤڱй⻷ӳ֣ٶȴﵽ޵£Աһһ˶ߣӲܵңҲԽһ߶ľðݣһǹӡ
ɳЩزȻкף߶ľӲ
һ˵Եµһʥĳǿ󷨣ڤҲ˿壡
ϣ
һս˻쳹ʣ˼ʱʮɵľһζǰڤ֮٣ǰزҵײһ


ڶǧһʮ ֮ţ
¡¡
û˿һɲǵ죬֧ײһƬضҵĲǰǸߴ󣬳أɽͰĸҲ˲
ߣȻȫ棬һһ޻أޱķʽɱ˹ȥ棬Ƶͬؽ֣߾١
ֲĳ˿ûз˼ͬȡ˽ķʽӭȥ
䣡䣡䣡
һһܼײڶ֮УһƵزźףһ˻УһƥսУ޴ֱӽʵȺĴزײݣѪ罦ͬ߷ݰɳʮ⣬¡һڵϣĴʿɡ
ټս⻷ļӳ֣ټڤﱾԼڵȫһ֮УѹԵӴЩװҲܲס
ɳزûأѾ飬ǶϽۣڸѶ
һӴɲǣɰǧزײɳȥɱڤչֳʵκ˶Ϊ֮üݡ
ͬһʱ䣬ƵزҲֳͬǿʵ
ڤĳȷʵǿޱȣζͲҪۡ
䣡
ʯ䣬ײɲǣһͦεزȻһһŵһͬʱٽڲǣһָɾ䣬ͬʱǿķʽնɱϵڤҲնź׵ڤս
һʮᣡ
ﵽһ̶ȣѾò̫༼ɣ
¡¡

ڤ˴նϣȴȻھ޴Ե£ʮԶֻͣǾ޴սϱѪΪҡ
һƥƥƥ
ʵѵıôܻǱߣȰ»ɽ
̶ʱڣͬǧƵڤﱻزеؽնϣɱ
һκĶҪңزǱߵڤһڸ˾޴Ĵۡ
Ƕ󶥼ֶԣһлֻ΢С۶ѣΪ˫Ĳɱڼ
ֻһΣѾǵ֮ײˣս֮Ľ
𣡡
ڤϷǿֲڤٴ֣Χ󣬶Խһ޵зˣֻǰʬɽѪޱߵɱϢ·ڤ޾ĿݹǶ˹Ҫһ㡣
ֹˣڤ͵ļӳ£ƵڤΪλ·һѰѷľݣһҲķʽݻԼĶ֡
ɱڤ״̬µݴֱͬһɽһ㣬ոߣߡ
̨УЩڤﻹǵһչ¶ǿֲսκΪ֮޺Ͷݡ
һ࣬زϢҲ˲
¡¡
𶯣زϿգһɹѪźŷѪͺ룬¶һ޴ĺںɫḥ̂ĥ̵ֱȻﵽ֮ޣ¡¡ͣת·Ҫﶼ촷һ㡣
ھ޴ĥ̵ĺ󷽣һĥ̸ĹŻεŻԣһ顢ܹʶĺںɫŴֺӡǣŻڲһ·ħ˻}ޱȡ
֮ţ
ձȥĵط
زͷֵĵĥ̻󣬳ŨϢĳ̶ֳϣ֮ڤҪ
һڤ磡
һǵḥ̂
֮ͬߵ磬ȴͬһɱ¾һ
¡¡
ɱ
غһɱ쳹أƵڤͬѷľݣһּΪֲķʽϵиŶĴزͬһʱ䣬Ƶıɵĵĥ̴ҲȫͶڤͣĦײתײ
ɱڸһУսǰХĻѩմȾѪ˫սĳ£գʮ׸ߣΪһƬѪս
һʱ䣬ɱսѪӰ£˵Ұܵ˼Ӱ졣

һ󺮷սϷӶսһȴǳİеĿȫе֧ϡ
սѪһʱ֮䣬˽ս˫ľȫ޷
ÿ˶ɫأȴⳡսĽ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬ǲʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬һ쳹˵ĿУѪУ𵴣һͷ޴İ׹ûȻѪվһݹ֣֮ףŶ˻ȥ
һĻ󷽣һʿȻһ춯صĻ
ڤ׹ǣ
ڤʱı֣һͰ׹ǣڤʵͻӣ£ûʲôԵֵǡ
䣡
һ̣Ȼ˵ĿУͷʮ׸ߵľͰ׹þ޴Ȼһ壬޴İ׹צӺݺݵĲ˶ĵĥ֮С
ֻһգۣսһֱϵĥתȻʧǾ޴ĥҲѪ¶һǣһ
Ӯˣ
ɱǣ
ڤʤ޵У
Ƹݣɨƣ

һʿĺʿҲź
֧ƾӵսǿľˣ̶ʱھȻɱôˣôǿվҲҪΪôĥ̴󻹲Ǳڤˣ
սϣǬӺǬҲ¶һ˿Цݣ˷ࡣ
Ӯˣ
ǬͻȻˣֻ˵˶̶֡
Ӯˣ
ԶǬҲڵ
֮ǰĴս̫ˣڤ͵ĥ̴˴˳ײƼ产ˣʱڣ˭Ҳûѹ˭ջݷ漼һ
׹ÿסḥ̂ʵѾ˵սĽʣӮˡ
ȥ׼ܹ
Ǭӹһ˿ɫ
ʿѾע󷨱ƣЩ˿Ƭ̵ʱ䶼֧ŲҪǵǵ׼ǰӴĸݡ
ϵǲӡ
ǬһӣһȥϵĴ󽫡
ΪϵʿܷڣҲζĶ󽫺ͱֵڶûг
Ȼʱսǰߣͻһ˶ϲ鷢ˡ

û˿ףǰѪ֮Уڤ۶ɵʮ׸ߵľͰ׹ûһһʹĲҺֻɭɭĹצѾסĵḥ̂ʱȴͻȻžһһɿֲ۳Ρ
ֹˣĥ̺ٴתǾ޴İ׹Ҳǹɿֲĳ³׵ײ飬ķѣɢ
ʧȥ˰׹õĵ޴ĥ̺ţתţһͷް㣬ݺݵײ˶ڤ


ڶǧһʮ 

һܼģĲҽӶ洫޴ĥ֮ڤ׷ױײɳȥ
䣬սϿѪһɹɿֲɢɲǼ䣬ڿ˳еΡ
ֻټսϣ֮ǰȣƾԲ֮ǰʢԭ޴ĵĥ̴˾޴ĲȱǧϣǽµĴϱ鲼ʬ
Կս֧Ӹ˵ĸо޼᲻ݣûʲôǵĶ֣նɱʮĴȴʧ󣬾˵ǵʵ
⻹֧һܵصĴˡ
ҲǾ񣬻״֧ƾܵ˲Сش
ͬȼ£ζǳԿġ
ô𣬵ʼջԲεĵĥ̴ûбѣ֮£Ϊֵڤûôˡ

ڴƲӵĶ棬ټսϣڤʬˣ鲼սǵ״ңǱʿٴﵽһߡ
ҪǣڸոһУ֧ڤѾȫơ
û󷨼ӳ֣ʧȥٶȣͱϵĲ硣
ɱ
ǰһƲӵĽ죬ɫһеؽ߸߾𣬾Ƴڤɲǣȫٹ
˵ĿУ־޴ĵĥ̴㣬ٴתǰڤϯȥ
˽ʣ׷ܣ
ƣǶԸڤսʱ
ܣܣ
ڤôܻʧܣѾסĥ˰
ѵľôܻһ֧Ĳӣ
ܣѵûоֹ֧ƾ𣿡

ԶһĻݱˡ
ǼֱҪˣ
ڤʵһΪһΪҪʤ֫ԷĽȴʼϲ
ôܣ
һ̣𺳵ԶֹݱǬڴУ͵۾𺳡
̫ܵˣ
һ׼ûС
һ̧̣ͷԶǽϵ塣
ӿʼڣõǰһֱûжսжôңԵǶˣƽϢ֮ɳڤﶼҹ
տʼʱ˻Щ̫ףʱͻȻӿһ˿
ԭϵ𡭡
૵
ʱ˿̣ݸ߸ߵĳ¥ϣƺҲܵ˵Ŀ⣬˫֣Цһ
ߣ̫ˡĥ̴ǿҲһ֧ڤܹƵˣٲƵģ
Ǳ߻һֱΪԼʤ㣬˵һʼ֪յĽ֡
Բȷʵƣһ嶼޷ϣΪƵĥ̴Ǿ̫ˡ
ôףķѾȥѵ֧ؼ״

һҽǰȥǰսϣԵĥ̵ĹһڤﻹûзӦͱУ˸޽£һڤ߶ûһͷ·ܲݰ׷׵¡
ҴµٶȣԶʤ֮ǰ
ǧ
ǧ
һһ

ڤ׷׵Ѫ˫̱ӣ˴˵ȮЩڤҪܶ
ڼҵսϣ˷ȫʿҲûô졣
䣡
ؽػ£Ƭ̣ǧڤﱻնɱ
ĲͬһսеһһԾڣÿһڤﱻĥ̴УĴز
£˵ʵߵѾ壬ʮڤۼһҪֹһĽҲֻǱͳͳնɱ
һ֧Ƶڤ߱ʹز࿹ʵ
쳷
һڤĽ죬С
ɽıɽ
һУ˳׵ˣѾȫʤĴƲӣٲ󳷣˾Ҫȫû
䣡
ҴڤԥȥܵʱһĲҽǧƵڤﱻ󷽵Ĵʿ׷ϣնɱ
֪ͨޣ׼ޱ
֪ͨǰ߸ΣֹƵز
֪ͨͻʺ͸߾۹ֵǳˣ취ס֧ƲӣѾǿ֮ĩ֧Ų˶ˣ

Σʱ̣Ǭɫһ̶ʱڷһϵ˵һ䣬Ǭӹһ˿ĺâ
زƺƴ޼᲻ݣңǴǬΪ󽫵ֱȴвһ˿
֧ΪֹѾնɱ˶ʮʿڤֻԻͱҲûиۡ
ܶôǿľӣʼնѪ֮
ս
ڸոյսУرȻսʤȴҲ˸˳صĴۣǵʵ»أѾû֮ǰôˡ
⣬սڣݷһֱʿ䣬ڤҲǵһȥⲢǴǬӵ˱Ͷʯ·
ⳡսҪʤݵıԶԶеģֲֻпܳɹ
ڣѾûѵĽˡ
ˣ
һս쳹أѸٽǬӵﵽǰ
ںȥǰս
ҲͬʱһӶߴǬһͻȻǰȥԲԶĴǬӵ
Ǭӵ˵ͷܿͿǬһѸʧǰ
ٶֻǳʮѣԶûе˫󽫽սʱ򣬲Ǭ浹òԳֻ֣Ҫȥǰսܶסģʹȫս
ȥ׼Ǿ
ͬʱͻʺĴУĿоâһڵ
٣ͻʺڵҪ˶þͻữΪ֮أֻͬЭ´ƣռǵĸأʱܹķâҴƳǳ࣬ʳ޷ġ
ֻƣܶκѡ
ʱǱʵƵʱΣ뾡ܴơ
ǣ
һܿתҴȥ
Ǿ
Ƕͻʺı֮һսԲڰ»ɽڤ
ͬƾսͻѾȫȥˡ
߲ˣ
ͬʱ߾ʵԨ۾΢УͻȻڵ
ǣ£
Ԩ䣬ߵĵطһİСһ̺ۣ͸ڣΪĸ߾佫Ӧǡ
߲
߾۹ԨµһԱͽȻûе󽫼𣬵Ҳ׼۷Ϊڵر裬Ȼǵ۹󽫣Ҳ̫ࡣ
Ҫǣ߲ڱҲм裬µʿ׺ףսҲˡ
չֳʵ̫ǿʱǱʵʱ


ڶǧһʮһ ռ֣
̶ֻʱ䣬ıսǰŴǬӵԼս˴飬纣Ҳ˷ɱ
ɱ
󽫾ǰ߶սˣ
ʲôô
ѾŭˣľߴǵģҪôɱǣҪô
ƴˣôˣսʤˣһϣ

Դĳִߴζ¡¡ս˶ˡ
ս֮ǰˣͳһսΪҶ˹ء
սΪ֣ܶľ֮һмнһսûڹ涨ʱڹƶԷʿͳͳնס
٣ֻռƵռ䣬һΪ˴Ŀ꣬Ѿƴˡ
ɱ
һɱʿ˫Ŀɺ죬˷ŴƳɱȥ
ǰ
䱻Լ˿һ˶оǿо޴ĵĥѾȣЩزҲԶû֮ǰôǿˡ
֮£ǿһ
ʿڳͻȷȴǡ
¡¡
زһĺһ޴ĺӰͶסա
¥¥
һǰʿ̧ͷֱӴ˷ܴ
ƺӦʿ¥ˣһʿɫסһȺ˾Ȼ£乭£Ѹ׼˶ؼײ
ݣ
ֻһХһֿżֻһؿռ䡣
һزƶʱؼ¶һ˿϶ĲһļֱӴӺ󷽴͸
زۺûֵܵס
Ƽ׼
֣
һĻԶݵĳͷϣҲ΢΢ɫ
Щʮ׸ߵ¥ϣʹõĲͨļͷƼ׼Ψܴزķͷ涼䴩
ǿ˾׼׼ͷ֣ͨǸ߾۹֡
߾ȲƣֱȲͻʣ˵Ǵʳһ߾ȴ֮ϣĪģǾ֡
֣֣
˵ֿԸգ׼ж۾ԱƤëҲܹ׼˺ĳһʹʧȥƽ⣬СȽӶ񺣶ࡣ
ڸ߾۹ڻšһ񡱣ǡһĵ񡱵Ĵš
ֲֹǻѰ䣬һĿ꣬һĽ
ļڸ߾ȴʵڡ
Ҹ߾۹һֱţСѡһЩ츳ӣͿʼѵĴͳ
ЩһҪΣʱѾﵽ˰
ԶһֿԱġ
ݣ
һ̣·ĳףһݶХ¥Ϸʮһ䣬һ֧֧ܼ꣬ķâ׹䡣
飬һزԶûһͱЩƼ׼ڵء
򣬰һ¥Ҳŵִս
²ãѹ֣
պɽԸ
֪ͨǰ߲ӣԺˣ
ʱ򣬸߸ߵĳ¥ϣĿһգͻȻ
һսնɱ˶ʮо˳˰»ɽڤѾԴսȥѾûбҪˡ
λ÷ȥս󷽣Ķָ̴ȻҲûдﵽһֱսӵĵز
ңսϾϷµǿƾڻֵͬʱҲܵ˲Сˣһϡ
һزǧ̴Ҳ޷άˡ
⻹󷨽һ޸ĵĽ
ݣ
ս϶ʱ仯ֻһХǵصļͻȻı䷽򣬾ֱһܼ¥ϵĸ߾֡

һ߾Х쳹սԴƷֵ̺ʽȫǴЩҲòݱâ
ˣ¥ϵȴǾңܿ˾еԭ
䣡
һĺ¥Ķ˴âһգ֮ͼһְ¥˵סеļꡣ
ְ沼ྫܵĻƣȻԿ˴ķĺͼġ
ϣһ֧֧иְ壬ӱ洩͸ߣһССĸְ˲԰ټƵļʸȴվ
󷽣һֵСӳһĻЦ
ư̫ˡ
Ⲣʲôʱ⣬ƴյں֮ڣ¥͵ĹװǶǰˣôܲܵĹ
ϵָвǡ
ͷոӹԺû˿ףۣѪŽСӳ쳤׼лػȻâһ˶һ֧֧䴩ֱ̺ǵļ׵Ҫ硣
ôܣ
۾Ĳ˼飬Ȼصȥ
ôû뵽иְֵûһ˿һ¶£ȻᱻҪ

ͬʱһҽڽ¥ϴһ⵽Զֹһ
Сģռ֣
¥ϣСӳͻȻΪĿ־壬ˡ
ֻĳƺڸ߾۹ڲʵûֵ˵ֻȼͨûʸģͨм鷢ﴩ򱻳ΪǼ֡
֣Ҳе֣ڸ߾۹Ϊ¼֡
ռ֣ڸ߾۹Ҳëǣֻֲܻƺš
һ˲䣬غеΣһЩҵ¥ֱȥ
ȻһлԶûн
䣡
ֻһ춯صĺ಻Զû˿ףһ¥ͻȻһ󾪺У¥˶׹ݺڵϡ
ͳ󣡡
Сģ
һ󾪺˷һ˲䣬¥о˾޴в¡¡׷ȥ
Ҫƻ¥£¥Ǽ򵥵ľʽṹڲ˴ķְ壬Գη塣
¥Ӵʹó󵥴ĵ״壬Ӱ첻¥Ĺܡ
ͳȴһսΨһܹв¥Ĵڡ
䣡
գۼ䣬һڶ¥űը
޶Իɱľͳ󣬳˶Ը¥
ھĹ£¥׷ȥ󷽸δִ¥ҲʿĻ£׷ˡ
ݣ
¥֮û¥веٴγһܼ꣬ٴδиǶ£ҽУһһʿ׷ױɱ


ڶǧһʮ ƽ
ȫ󳷣
һڻʣ򲻵زͣɵȥ
ҡҡ׹ʱ𣬵еؼױȫŸ߶ȵļɡ
䣡
һǾ޴ĳٴδ򿪣飬вز׷ųĶУȫ˸֮С
䣬޴ĸٴη£һͽ̵ǳ⣬ûκδƵľӡ
ȫˣĺսǰΪ֮Ȼһ
ݻ
󷽣Ǭһףйâһԥ
زѾˣ׷Ҳûκε壬кܶҪȥԼĹǡ
ŴǬӵнٶ

Ĺսˣ
У̫ٱͷųصʬԼصƬп
սԶǲпģһս˶ʮʬ壬ƷҲ˽ӽһսʿʬ
սĲп֮
ռѹʤһҲһҪۡ
úܿϾȥЩˣոյսһѣսΪпᣬΪͳ˧ҲҪȥ׼һˡ
úܿת뿪ǽϣҲֻ΢΢˵ͷĿܿ켯е˳ս
Ǳ߸ûгĴ㣬ôƬ̵Ĺսַµı仯
¡¡
һֹڳ飬ãã纣УȺֿһС˶ʯѸٸϵǰ
飡
Сһһƣ˶ʯ׹뵽˸ǰܲų̵Ŀӵ֮С
飡
̶ʱڣǧ˶ʯ׷׹뵽˿Ӷ֮С
Ǻ󷽵ͶʯǽʯƵǰˣ
ͬ޴󽫾ɫһͻȻڵ
ͶʯǵжģдСæͶõʯ
ԷʹͶʯͶױͷϵأͶʯӵļƻ޷ʵ֣˵Чʴۿۡ
ֱӰЩʯСƵǰߣֱӵС
ϣ
ȻһлԶûн˼Ÿո˵仰һҵ˻ӶĴд˵ĿУͻʵͷһ޴мʯ׹ţһϣսǰʬͨսĳӶ֮С
ֻһܼײգۼЩӵһС룬һĻ˼Ϊ֮ݡ
ʬӵȷʵһָЧķֻδЩڲ̣ҳеʬ뻹Լġ
Ҫֹ𣿡
˼ŤͷԵ
Էͳ˧ԶеᣬΪĿĲֶΣȥ¿ӵܿͲˡ
ˣ
ҡҡͷޱȣ
ӱ¶һ𣬾עᱻƽɣ
زʬ󲿷ֶڳ˵ʱˣʣµĶʬ壬ҪʹַӣҲ޷ֹ
Ҳ塣
ȥǼʼд׼ս
嵭
ԶŴʬУĿӵԾ˵ٶƽ
ˣ
ڴһطһͻʺĽЩ̣ʶԵĴ󽫾
֮УԶͻʺ࣬죬ҲǣҪǣҲвٵĶͻʿ
ȥɣ
Ŀ˸һ£ָܿ侲Ǹݣû˿
ոյϢѾȫ⣬Ѿ޷ˣںѾնɱţò˶ãǱ㲻лŵţ򣬶ͻʴԭѾزȥˡ
ֻ֮дݻٴƣռǵأǲ棡֮£ʬ壬Ѿ㲻ʲôˡ
Ϊ壬ͻʺԼ⣬Ҳųߵʽһ裬һʱһʱѾǹЩʱˡ
󽫾еĿӵѾȫƽ
Ƭ֮һڶһͻ㽦ѩܿǰ
Ŀգһ£ܿعͷ
ȥ׼ǣ
أ
һĺŽ𣬰˵սģĴ죬ƶٴ׼ǡ
֮ǰĴսһ֧ڤԶûе˽ǵĵز
Ψһе鷳ǣ֮ǰĴսزƹߣٻٵһܶܳ
֮ǰǳսʧ
һδս׼Զĳֵö࣬زٵҲֻǶܳĳֺͳᣬ渽дĺͷ󷨵ĺʵְ壬ûôƻ
¡¡
غھ⣬ѩģؽߣܶܳΪǰߣֳִܵĶܱ¥ںﹲͬЭǾ趼ȶںǬ桢߲ȴ󽫺׼֯дȫǰƽ
ɱ
һɱ춯أһΣܿͿݿӡ
һΣһƽûκȴСĽࡣ
գ
ֻһ󼱴ٵֻͬһʱ䣬ƥսźף˳۾ÿһ粿λһصľʯԾ˵ٶȳǰĸݳȥ
ߣѧˣ
߸ߵĸ֮ϣֻЦһûж˵ʲô
˿һȻѧˡ
ս̽·սףܹʸŵľʯҲܹصǱڵĻһһ
ݣ
һʸƿ쳹һ֮󣬼ЩսźףҲɱսϣֻȼƥս嵽˸ǰɱɱ
û⣡
󷽣ǬһֱעǰһĻйâһƻ£ٴ´˼ƽ
սȻɱҲѾõԼҪϢ
ٴĿǰݿ֮⣬Ѿûʲôˡ
䣡
ŴǬӵһ֮ǰСĽһ˻ţȫǰƽ
ʮɣ
һٶʮɣ
ʮɣ

ԽԽʱѾû·ˣʿǰȥǰʿѾʵǳǽõ
սһʿһĶĶܱ׷׸߸߾еضܣһ淶ΧӴġ޶ܡڻսʿ·ͨ
¥ǬʱЩĹǳŵ
ͳв̫ˡ
ĺɱУһһܹݣӽ֮࣬ڶʿ̧ţԾ˵ٶȳŸݶ
ʱ˿̣ĹͼѾ¶ɡ
ԶܳͶܱͨ䱸ĴʵԼݹϳͷȵսһ¥ǰʿͨڲֱͨͷӴԸݵĹƺѹ취򿪳ţһٹУʹ֮˴˵Ĵսˣ
һУ֮ǰ˺ܶ飬ʧڿɿصķΧ֮ڡ


ڶǧһʮ ͵
Щԣ
ۿŴƬ̾ܳɹ嵽ǽ£ڴʱ߸Ʈս£ݵһԱüͷһ壬ͻȻˡ

ʵ̫ˣ
֮ǰĴսƷݿӣȫս˾ƣŻˣһΣѾӽǽˣǽϻĵģû˿ʵǲ
ͬʱüͷĻһԵĴʦУȻս佫Ҳ֪ǰİԲ
ֻսеһжû֡
쵰ڸʲô
»ɽҲݺȭͷɫޱȡ
ȷǱıֻǲ֪ıʲôѣָоǳĲ
ʮɣʮɣ
ͷѾʮף˵ѾҪǵĿˣֻǲ֪ΪʲôǰѹǬ桢Ǻ󷽵ĴǬӡԨġ»ɽˣͨͨоǿҵĲһЦ
¹ϵıʥñ
ԽǰԽΣգ
ĳ̶ֳȣֲͽŵգȾǰڳʿ
䣡
ͻȻ֮䣬ޱȵļžУһ춯صľӸŴ̶Хһ޴ĺӰһƵԲĻ⣬Ȼص׹
ֻһ죬ǺںĲ壬֮Уҵıը˲仯ΪһųҵĻ棬Ѹӡ

ڱըĵشսʿĳֲĺɫմȾȻѸٻΪȼ
ͣ
һĴ󺰻գ׵Ĵ
һ̡
䣡
䣡
䣡
һһ޴ġ͵Ӷ籩㣬Խ߸ߵĸݣӸ߿ҵ
Ǿҵıը쳹̶ֻʱ䣬սǰ˾ͻΪһƬ𺣡
֮սʳľ֮֮һ·˳ƴ˰͸ʳ۹һشԭ򣬾Ϊ˴ʳ۹еֻ͡
֥Ͱ˼˳פڰ͸ǵΪƽѣһҪþ֯ʳ۹İղɾ͡
ȻͲɾٶԼƶĿ껹ʮǧֻΪ屾Ҫܸߣڴʳ۹ɾĻͣһ㶼٣Щͨͨ͵˴ơ
һ͵˸ط൱һֱ͵ǰأҲڵĸݣΪڵġ͵
ⳡսһֱûʹùֱʱ飬Ѿӿ˳ǽ£ʩչ
䣡
岻ѣһǱʽ̶ʱڣپǧƵĻ͵£Ĵҵıը
ǰǧɵķΧڣЩܳԼ߾ŵضڣȫմȾΪһƬܵĻ𺣡
Ũ̺ͻʮ׸ߣޱȡ
һԭ캮ضʱ˿̣еĺһɨգֻ¹ˣޱ޼ʣķ
ѩƮ䣬ûпڻˣЩڻѩˮ֮УֻûƱøҡ
Сģ
֮Уһͻʵ佫ĺУѾˡ
ЩʿӿǽµһûܵĻᡣ
һĲҽУ̹սһŨŨƤսζ
ȵĸһܼܶܳյͨ죬ĺҲڻ߲
󷽣»ɽԼԨĵͷһĻɫ˲ˡ
ڸոգǾ룬һƬɱһ̣֮£޵
ӣ
»ɽ۾ݺ
ڴư˵ǰӣӵ˱ܶʥмӡ
Ƕ˵ȫմϱߣʩչֶһͷβĶħ
ħɲô̵顣
ֻĻ𺣲𣬸ҪǣϵĻѩڻ֮ŻĴɢһ˻ơ
ɳɳ
ʱһ˻쳹أڴУһеģϢ籩һ佫Ѹ´
ϸȥ˱ϲͶصĺɫȻǸ߾׼߲
Ÿ߲һ䶯ĸ߾ʿϱһ͹Ĺĵ鲼Ѹǰӡ
һ鲼ԼߵЧʣǰߡ
飡
ǰһ߾ʿһϵ鲼֮С
һգ鲼ѣ¶ĺɳ
ˣֹȷ
ڹսУľǻ𹥣Եʱֹʱͽ񽻸˸߾۹
߾۹ʹս꣬ںͰ󶼻ķսУ߾Ѽĵá
߲ר齨һֻ
Щ鲼װȫǸ߾۹ӺĴɳЧѡ
֮ǰĴս߲ҲúɳȥӶֻϧս˲Ϣ䣬Ʒûиǻᣬزɵĵĥ̴ѾԽǵ޴ĿӶɱ֮С
ں
ǵδҪɰʯ𣬸߲ûֹǬʬӡ
飡
Ŵ鲼֮УǳĻڵõ˶ƣҪϨȴԶûôס
߾ս֮ҲѹûԼԵĻǴʳ͡
߾۹׼ЩɳЧԶûôá
̫ˣ
Һ򰲶ث
߲ϣԶĳͷо²ѡ
սϣʿкܶǱ̵֮һ
λԶᡢ̺Ϳ£
ڴ֮ǰ߾۹һֱǷѣ۹һ뵺Σ۳ĸչܵƣټϴƵ۹ǿƵİ󶼻ثһֱѹһ缸ʮꡣ
߲ЩңذĲثǺпӭľħˡ
һλֶκ磬߾ǳǻˣ
ЩͷзӶһ̣һ󾪿ĴԶ˲˸߲ע⡣
ʶģ߲Ťͷ˹ȥֻһۣλ߾۹սҲɻһıɫ
䣡
ʯ䣬âһһ춯صĺһ޴֮٣ӿҵ

Ѿǵˣһֱ˸ߵľ޴޼
޼飬һ߳߳ķ̵ִִ̣Ķ˺â˸ޱȡ
ۣ
޼ĵطһʿ߶ûкһͱĸ̷ִ·Ʋһ壬޼ϣǰȥ
ʿÿһвΪ£ûôױɱ
ֻٸߵΪٻԷƥص޼Լ׹ǹӴĳ徢Ҳһ

ǿֲĲҽڶǾ޴޼׹֮ھ޴Ĺ²ûֹͣǲϵķţһ·ǰȥ


ڶǧһʮ ʿϣ
ӵսϣܶʿû㹻ŲܵĿռ䣬һʱ䣬޼һʿ壬棬
޼֮һѪ·
ţ
ţ
ţ
ڣһģķʩһͻĺһһž޴޼ܼ꣬лһһ޴Ļߣűǰսݺ
һһ޼䣬˴ӵĵطһ޼֮٣ҵڸ߲亣ɳĸ߾֮УֻһҺ԰ټƵĸ߾ʿ־壬һ׷޼¡
ǲͣı޼Ҫֹ޼ǰֻһ棬׷
ˣ
ԶһĻ߲ɫ˲ˡ
ͺɳĲԶûôֵܹ
߸ߵĳǽϣǴ˷ĲҺɫײ¶պɽָӴĳ²á֪ˣһ̶ֻýޱȡ
ǰ»ɽǰػģǳɹ½֪жٰҪ꣬ЩˣǾһ˿
͵ϴ䣬޴޼ҲһſǰѾ׻ΪһƬ
ţ
ʱԶԶأһĺ󷽴ƽһɽХĺһž޴ʯţŭХţЮŻԵ˴Ƹ߸ߵĸݳǽ˳ڡ
һššš
ɰǧͶʯڴʱЩ͵޼ɳĵطȥ
ֻͶʯܶԸͶʯ
ԴҵĹƣԥķͶʯ
ӵͶʯӣͬˡ
ֻͬʹ˴ʳ۹ĸ
Ψһеǣʳ˵ָеͶǽվˣȴһĸĽ־͵ĸеͶ˶޼
ͶʯͶľԶ󣬵ȴܳһܴȱݣĸĳЩĻȻ޼أﵽ֣ļȴͶʯ̵öࡣ
ȥϵǰ¥еֺ֣ıĿ꣬׼еĻ͵һǧ
ʱ򣬴󷽣Է£ʦеһգһ˿âͻȻڵ
Զһ߾佫ɫһʶؿԵĸ߾ʵԨġ
¥ϵֻ϶ǵˣλݵľʦǲЩԽ޴ˣ
û𣬿ȥ
ȻԨȴͷҲأԥ
ǣ
佫һݣͷѸɶȥ
һսҵɣ
ʱһͻȻӺ󷽴һֱûôڵͻȻһ촽Ũܵĺ룬һȤζĴԶ
ҵĶ£ֻ£ǲ£
һ䣬ΧʱһλòЩء񶼹ֵֹġ
رǻڰ»ɽߵãɫһ㵣仰˵
ˮɳڲϨĻͣһ£Ҳʱȥʱͷ
ȻǿͣȻˣǾ鷳ˣ
»ɽͻȻһЦѡ
Ҳ˵һЦܿתȥˡ
ԶһϵеȥսҲ
꣡
޴¥ϣһ߾ɫ䣬ȻĿȴǶ׼˸߿
䣡
ֻһĺɲǼ䣬ļͬ׳磬Ӹ¥ϵŸ߿һ͵ȥ
飡
ֻһھһǧߵĸ߿УһſŻ͵׷ױը
һŻ͵ը˺ͻһѳ
Ҫ뾫׼жϸƶĻ͵Ĺ켣Ҿ׼һǧߵĸ߿Уһ˿ģǶڸ߾˵ȴһ㣬ȫǵΧ֮ڡ
ͱɢֻȼգɸ˺ΣգҲǸϸҪһǧϵĸ߶ԭ
һеĻڿȼմȻҲ޷ٶԵв

Żͱըѩأޱȵĸ߿ʱһƬȼյĻ𺣣ȼյĺյҲһɫһʱεΪۣ
ǳ֮УͷƬȼյĻƣҲ΢΢üͷ
У
ڤڤУԺһͷ
棬ƣǰ»ɽСǬӡԨģǵһһ۾뢣۽ʶǱıԶǰȺ֮ҪǾ¡
ԽˣԽǼлǵս⡣
ߣС
ֻЦһܿͻָƽ
սŸոտʼҵĿǰΪֹôˣûܳɹϸݵǽͷ
Ϊһ֣ƣǹˣ

еĶ¥ϵԼ߾ֵİǰߣѹСࡣ
ֻǼˣǽǰܵĻ𺣶˵һ޴ǵ
취Ϩ𺣣˳ǡ
ÿ
˵ʱʱ죬ʱһ˻Ӻ󷽴û˷Ӧ䣬һ޴ġһ˺ϱԭľͻȻӴ֮зɳصڻ֮С
ǴִԭľմϺĻͣʱҲȼ
ʱ򡪡
ž
һֻ̤£ڴִԭľϣں󷽣ֿһͷűӣΧͺͺսʿѪ»ִԭľڵǸȼյԭľϽɡ
飬ֻգۼ䣬еԭľ£ͬڻ֮Уԭľڻ֮дճһġ·

һսʿĿͭ壬ս⣬ͺһͷçţһ㣬Ҳִԭľһͷ˻֮С
ܣ˵ţǲսʿ֮ǰȻϵƤճ˽ζ⣬·оʹһ㡣
飡
ʯ䣬˵ĿУһϹƤ׺ޱȣԵսʿһɣϵĽһ޴ԭľ֮УӲڻ֮пٳһʱġͨ

֮䣬һսʿ׹˻֮УѸٵȼսʿͺûпһüͷûһ£ǰȥ
Ƿݺ£Ϊ֮ݡ
ֻӵһ֮أļз֮УȴӲģּз֮дһƬأסĹ
İ󶼻ثüηҪǣͨͨʧˣ˲
˵׺ɼһߡ
ŲһһٴμʶǵĿ֮
ϣ
вӣ亣ɳ
յڣڰ˴ɳߣն
߸ߵսϣ߲ʱҲӦɫȻ
ʱҲЩη˾ȻҪŻ𺣣ַʽһ·ǿйǡ


ڶǧһʮ ʿ£
ԭľȼգʹַҲֻʱܻ𺣣ٳһխСͨȻܵһ˿ԭľܿͻմӲ˶õʱ䡣
˵ǾʹַģΪѾɱˡ
ˡǾһˣ
ʹøְ壬һ·
ʱҲӦ
֮ǰսѾ൱Ķܳ٣ʱڶսʿһЩٵĶܳ뵽֮УЩһ·
ϣǧĶܳʱͳͳУ·
սʿİ£ڻƼһԭľɵͨȻһ·쵽˳ǽ·
ϣ
ֻһȣɲǼ䣬ǧʿŻһԭľٳϰͨɳ۶ȥ
˵ǣһ·˻ǳŲԭľϣǺ˾Ȼһսһȼյԭľϣ𺣣ɳ۹ȥ
Բεԭľܲȶս̤̤գߴʹԭľתеȴ̩ɽչʾ߳ޱȣһΪż֮⣬ûκ˳
ֻһյ̶ʱڣǧƵսʿۼ˳ǽ֮¡
ϣ
һ̣û˿ԥЩʿĿѩһͳϵĸʹ˦һȦȻȻ˳ͷ
ĸצŲ˸˿ɶȥֻһײצסͷЩʿѸٱͬʱУһԳһ㽡ɣѸųͷȥ
ǷݺٶʿĪ
˱ѩԭУǶںĵֿڴֵӦԱġ
٣ȴ׺սһȺˣ˵ֻǽȻ⻬˵ڴвû̫Ĳ
ಣ
ԭľȼգЩʿҲڼ̶ʱ䣬ǰʿѾʵ˾ͷֻʮ׵ĵطֻҪһԾܹ˳Ƕ
⾪˵һĻʿĿɿڴȴͬޱȡ




һ󻶺쳹ء
һϣǱٴʮսʿѾ´ࡣ
¡¡һսʿĹ£ԭԶԶһܼ¥ʱҲٴγŸݵķ򿿽
ʿҲܹ裬һ˷ܵ˻ţŹݷ׷׳ǰӿ
Ȼͣ
󷽣һĻ»ɽɴЦ
ԶĴǬӺǬ濴һĻҲھɫЩһǹͼֱˣֹǡ
ӵǿѣ˵һ¡
ԣȻһЦ˵
˵滷Զӵö࣬û׺࿹⡣
Զ˵ٶԶпö̶ֻ࣬ʱ䣬ǰͻ߰ǧˣиˣһǰͺ̣Ծ˵ٶȳϷ
ܵЩ˵Ĺ裬ʿһʿ񣬷׷״öܳԼɰʯ·Ҳһͨǽͨ
رЩͶʯʯĲ䣬һܵıԣʯ·֮С
ôĻ𺣣Ҫȫ𣬸һʱġ
ֻڻ̳һʿǰĵ·Զûôˡ
飬һ޴ʯ׷׹𺣣ȼԭľЩʯҪ̤ȡ
䣡
һ޴ʯڻзԶһ̣һĹݣƽɽص£ݵһڣÿڳصʯˣġ
˲Ϣ䣬һյġͨôˡ
ɱ
գۼ䣬ڶʿ׷׵ͨǰȥ
ۣ
ͬһʱ䣬һӲ֮Уսй̵ȼյĺɫͣȫˡߡ
һڴԵǧʿܵ·ͺˮ׾ȴķʽڻǿпͨ
ǧʿͬЭ֮Уڳһʮ׳ġͨԼٶȣһ·Ż𺣶ĸݡӡȥ
Ƶʿһж漫Ϊ׳ۡ
ƣйǽݣ
棬ѸչֳԼӦԲԡ
ȻٶԽԾ㣬һյͿƽǽ֮¡

ԶܣǰʿһԾ˸߸߳ǽ
ɣ˭һսҪɱЩƹ
ʿЦѾӭһѪս׼һ̣ݣӦȴһ̶Ĺ
ۣ
һһ˲䶴ʺһѪӲ
ʿԲ˫ŵİڲϣͣѪѪźȣ·Ʋ׹˳µܻС
ɵǣһ
Զ²ɫϺ˵乭һһʿͷ
ôһ²Ѿַ˳ǽͷҲʱ¥ֵΧ
ûҰһ񣬼鷢Ҳвַ
ڶߣ
²ɫ侲ԥ´

²õ䣬һս
⣬ȫԸʵǳǽһֲ̣Ļһʶķȥ
쿴
Сģ
θǽϵı仯һɲǣʿһ䣬ɫ־壬׹ѡ
˵ĿУԭ⻬ĸǽһ⶯һ䳲״ĽṹͻȻǽϸ֡
Щ䳲״ĽṹһһţһһУ飬£鲼ǽ塣
Ƿ䣡
ˣˣ
ɲǼ䣬һ־쳹սˡ
Ĵɱÿһսض֣޼᲻ݵĸߣɱĴƳ󲿶ӣսȺ¹ǿһܼɱƵķ䡣
ںͻеصɱУĿǰֻзûг
ĴɱУɱͣҺܾûгֹܼͨʿ˵ɼΪֲ
˭Ҳû뵽Ὣֶɱʱá
ҴӷбĽǶЩֲļʸѾǸǰĴս
ʲôһٵǣ
˸һϣη壡
壡
ȻԤϣΣգһսʿûηˣһǿս⡣
η壡
ŷ߷Ҳ˺ĸ
Գǽϻ֣ķ䣬Ȼûһ˺ˣ෴һӺԾ˵ٶųǽ
𣡡
ǰͬʱһսʿ𶯣һɹɰڱΪһյĻס


ڶǧһʮ ɱ¾Ļƽ
һЩʵǿսʿѹ۵滯Ϊһơ
ıԶѷʿʵȴԶ
ֲֿɱҲ塣
ʲô䣿ǰҲֻǷˣ
Ȼ˵ķӦ죬ǽϵķӦ졣
һתһ䳲ĿѨУļѸٴƳļ׼˴·սʿ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ûȳǽµսʿԶ飬ԼļʸֲļֱӸ˳ǽµÿһռ䡣
ַ䣬ֻʱжôֲ
ܼļͬưս̶Х˷˺ա
ϣ
˱ʽĿֲսʿûκһ˺ˡ
飡
һʿе޶ܸ߾٣ӲĶܼļ꣬ͬʱһƵϳǽе䵶һݺȥ
սʿıǿһȫԸ׵һţʯ˵һڲǻṹķ䣬аһͽ룬׷ϵ
Ȼܼļʸ䣬ȴλսʿʮǧ
ۣ
ʸ£ļ˸һ˿ĹâȻһ͸սʿͷϵ޶ܡ
սʿûзӦһ죬ܼļʸѾȫ޶ܣ֮УѪһѨӿͬʱӿĻڵ
ôܣ⵽ʲôʸȻ˵ֵס
սʿ۾˼飬·ˮйȥսʿһӿ׹䣬ǰһھʲô֪ˡ
飡
׹µͬʱһܼ׹Աߴ
ǽϣһһոջɣݵͬԳսʿ˲仯Ϊһ߾ʬӳǽ׹䵽·ĻС
Ƽ׼Ƽ׼
ڼʸʹƼ׸֣
һ־ľӺ󷽵սд˺ա
󣬵ȱǼʸ϶̣Ҳ̲ҲͱȲǿֻ˺һЩսһЩʵʿ
һʿǿԼϺصףʵܹԷʽĹܴķá
˭Ҳû뵽ƾȻּʸʹƼ׸֡
ȻʸģƼ׼ֺâȴʹһƼײϡ
ϲʹսףʱ˿ֽĽսУϰġ

ֻһĲҽУʯ䣬֪սʿɸӣ׹⡣
һ
ֻһ
ǽϣ߰ǧսʿԮȫɱ
ټķΧڣȻûһҴߡ
ž
һƬţ
԰ƵĴŴͣԲ۾һ仰˵
ԶͨɫֽҪ԰ס
̫ͻȻˣһ̣ڲ
ƺڶսսʿһô࣬һսΪһսʿӦеĹٺ涼ûеõôһƲսǰ
ʲôӽʮ֮һʹļס
ԣҪ𾪣һ̣ҡȶͣˣǰ˵
Ƽ׼
˭뵽ƻڷӻֲϡ
һܹʮϰٸʸô䣬ÿһͷʹƼ׸֣˭ܼжƼײϣ
˭ܼǶƽ
ӽ
ڸոһУٻӻǧƽ𣬶⻹ֻһѡ
ӣ
ս£ϣǰ૵
ûһ仰еĸˡ
壬¼ûκܸɵó顣
Ȼ𾪺ʹ֮࣬һָӵӿͷ
̫ˣɱơ
һطǬڴУĿҲѸӹһ˿ɵ
书һֱɵģرʢʱһˣ»ɽڣھʦС
սǬӲŷ֣ııԶ书¡
ųƱʥñжϸȨ⣬ڽ֮⣬ֲ
ǧƽʸֻķӲó¡
Ȼһ棬֮侲˼ºƽеĻƽڸֻ֮Ƿװ˷ѡ
ˣһִսʤϣ
һ˵ȴǡǡ磬Ʒʵ侲
䣡
Ҳ󷽵ĶһǰɵķΧڣеʿԮȫһûһŵˣеԭľ飬˾ʸ
սڣѾսʮսȫʬ壬ȴĹǶûչ
ȻƵĸݽߣһ̶˵˫֮ͺһεǵ
һһĹﻯΪһش
»ɽ˹ɺŮԨġǾֶֻ𣿡
ʮڶûô֣ƾ㱾¾뷴ƣǿЦ
ʱһޱȣӳǳ
ǽ⣬ľһɫ࣬ɫѿޱȡ
Ȼ֪ⷬǽѹľʿ˻Ǳз꣬ŭѡ
쵰
ȭͷž졣
һʿʧأⷬǶļ
ˣҪɱǻ쵰
˫ĿѪ죬
˾ǧսʿһ˶ûɱôװˣʿӦ
԰꣬ǧҪСӵĵϣԳ֣
ʱһԱߴȰֹס
Ԥϣ»ɽȻʱˡ
һδսʵݷ˵ʿģ»ɽڤȫûʱ»ɽǵǸ
ڳ־мˣ
Ҳ˵
սʿսͣ滹дãʱ
ǣѵôĿǸ쵰𣿡
ʱԨı΢΢۾ǰ
Եȣ˼Ƭ̣
еü¶˼ɫ
һɲǣΧһƬž»ɽԨġԶã˷׷˸λʦ
Ȼһ͵֮Ҳû̫˶֪»ɽ֮нգܽثʵȫĸ˳ᢣָ㽭ɽ
λа취Ըݣ»ҪǵЭϣ
Ƭ֮󣬸̧ͷ

أ
һĺŽؼսٴοʼʱԶĻҪ죬Ž纣ٴӿ


ڶǧһʮ Ƴǵϣ
Щһﻹûз
ʱ˿̣ǳڣ޴ս£˼һͭսף΢΢üͷ
ǲܷҲ޷ˮۣˣ٣·ˣ
忴ǰ
ز˻سڣӹսʼ˾˻˳С
ΪߣҪĲǳ󣬶Ǿͳƿȫ֡
սʱѾòٳǰ
壬ڲµķܹͻ𣿡
˼Щɻ
κڼŷ
岼µÿһ߶һոʱ𹥻Ҳֻѡ
ɴ⣡
ҡҡͷɫ֣ص
ǱȻûʲôеĽ춼Ϊ֪ȴԲС
Сκһ֣ɱţ
ˣǴǬӡáǬ棬Կޣеˣ¶ûʲô֪ȡ
˼˵ⷬҲԭ
ȴ֪ЩûһǷ֮
Ŵ£ûʲôʵϱӰ»ɽܴЩϯ£ңټһƸ÷ֱͿ̿ûмʵǾģ
ʵϣǳƽ֮УôĴ󽫶κβǣѾ˵⡣
ںǬӡǬ桢õӵһʹ佫ǽȻͬĳƺţħǡ˵ħ
СǬӡáǬˣϳΪĩħ
رǸУˣڴǬӡõ佫֮ϡ
ûˣºܶ鶼ᷢ
û⣬Ǳ߿ҵʲôˣ
ŵɫȴû̫Ĳ
ȻȼûӦԵİ취ڷҲֻһѣǱߵҵӦԵķҲֻǳ⡣
ȻҲе棬ǻʲôӦԡ
ȸ³ǻжõִ
ͻȻڵ
⣬һǳĵ顣
үʱɵִ
ȸ
⣬籩жеΣ
屳˫֣
үѦǧѾţһѾ׼׵԰ʱִ
⣬ٱǱҲѾ׼׵һо͵ү
ȸͷ
ܺã
޳裬΢΢˵ͷ
һаƻ£
˵ôһ⣬ǺŽԽĺˣ˵սٴǰٶȴŻࡣ
߰ɣɣɡ
ԽԽܿ죬ҪٴνƵĴΧʱ򡪡
䣡
û˿ףһĺӸ߿һ̣һͷȫʯȻ׹֮ƣڴǰ
޴ڵ棬ѩ׷ɣͱ䡣µıҲʹȼյĴСһЩ
û˷Ӧ䣬ĳһһͷһͷ׷״׹ϵڸǰȼյĻ֮С
ۣ޾ļХȻһιزûκãЩӴıû֮ǰʯֱķѣһֱ
һ̣֪һĻǳо嶼΢΢üͷ
Ȼʹţ򹥻䵱ʯϣУ嶼û뵽
ûмǴĻڻʳȱ״̬ɣ
û⣬ֹʽӦǳԸ֣֮
Ǹ鷳ϧûɱ
ϸƬ̣岻̾һ
⣬ƺӦжϣţЩţ򡱵ĺ£ԭܵĴõƣСࡣ
䣡
һĻ⣬飬ãã纣һ󻶺ʿ
һ̣û˿ԥĴ̤Щţʬ壬ǰȥ
ǣ谭Ƭ𺣣ֻҪ𺣱𣬼Щֲķ䶼̫谭
ʿ˻ٴǰȥЩͬʱ󷽣һҲ˹
̶ʱ䣬һ֧߰ǧ˵Ĳʱսھ򺾹ͬʱھһЩĻ֮С
Һ壬һԣֻҪ͵뵽֮Уһ̶ƴƵĻս
ţ򲻶£ټϹĵãǰܵĴȼ֮ڳֳϨļ
ٶܣ
еľǰǰĴܱ
Զ¡¡һһ¥ڲٹ˼ɣȫǰ
꣡
ǽϣһһΣǳǧķûջǽ壬ڴһһݴ̶Хһ̣ǿֲļٴκХ£ǽ
ͬǷĹһȴ֮ǰȫͬ
ۣ
һ͸ضܣֱӴ͸·սʿļظ
ľ޶սʿȴ˻һûͣ£һǰȥ
󣬿£һûڵĸ߾սʿֱµţʬ壬еļꡣ
߳ţʬ岢û¿еļ꣬ȴԽ˼٣߾ʿһͷţʬ壬ͬʱѸǰȥ
дǰţʬΪʯϣ׹ãڴʱ¶
Щţʬ岻ѹƻƣʱҲг˴ܣֶ޷ġ
ϣ
һ·ɱ˵£ȴи˳ɹ嵽˸ǰЩʿһ·ɱ˿ûͣ£ǧʿͬʱ˦еһХŷͷεץס˳ǽ
û˿ԥЩʿһţѸٳųͷʵǶȥ
Щʿʵǵʱ򣬾ͷʮ׵ĵط䣬ֻһɽХľ죬һ̣һִľŭһ㣬һ޴¥

һ춯صľ죬ҽУ޴¥ֱм䱻һֱ׵ľ޴¥һЩʿӦֱӴӿﱻɳȥ
Сģ
޲¥
һ󾪻ŵ¥˴
¥ɹӹһ٣ûбֱնϣ˶֪¥Եֵסһι
ұһ֮¥ṹѾ⵽ƻ¥ҵҡһʿСֱӴӶˤ˳ȥ
ǣ
벻Զطһ¥Ҳовǰ˹
ֻһĺ¥Ķһܼܳ״Ļе漴޴ĸצ¥ϷͷֻצɹץסǽϷ
¥ϣһʿݶǽȥ
壡
ɱ
һɱ춯أһΣ˶ˣ֮ǰô˶ûܳ嵽ͷһΣڿ⡣
Ѿ֮ܳΪˣƳǵϣ
ԽԽʿǰ棬ǽ£ȺԽԽࡣ


ڶǧһʮ ͷս
飡
ϣһһܳĹѸǰƶЩѸ١𡱣Ӷбݵĳǽ
ĳǽϱ˱Զй⻬һЩڿȥɲǾͻһԣȥܿ죬ڶʿۼǽԷסݡ
ϣ
ܿ죬˻УȺӵʿӶŹݷǰʵǡ
䣡
Уһҵıը̧ͷȥֻ죬ٴܵȼ
Ʒٴη˻͵ֻһΣٴαڸ߿
ã
һĻЦ
ս
˲սҲ̫ˡһѾı䣬ⳡսڳŶķչ
ȫ߳׼Ƴǣ
߾ʵԨĿԶͬЦһѸ´
ǰ»ɽû˵ȴ¶һ˿Цݡ
˭Ц˭Цã
ȻһսͱɱʮֻҪܹƸݣƣٶһ㣬Ҳ⡣
ãҲȥɣ
»ɽǰͻȻڡ
ǣ
ԣϹһһԥתȥѸʧڴС
ݣ
ǰһ̶Хļ²ѣսв𣬷ľ꣬ϵк¡
ÿʱỵ̈дʿ
֮ǰʿѾ˷ֿǺ޷ִС
սܻ
µȫĳܷΧ֮ڡ
ݺڽգ
һǽͷģͣ
ں涽ս̶ѾߣնȥΨһĻ·

һ󺿽쳹ս
ݡʿ׷ʩչֶΣȥһЩʿֱӽóǽ͹ķ
ϣ
һĽеĳݺһ䣬ڰĹע£гݺݵĿ˷֮УһʮɵѺۡ
ֻһ죬ԭ׼һķסá
䶼þ죬һһЩ̺ͷģϾһЩУǸʩչȻ⵽ƻ
һʿǽܲܵȻֹסĴ
ڵϳǽˣǵһ
âһһսʿһԾϣܿǽͷ󣬳ɰǧսʿðؼ꣬ӶҲŵϳǽ
ıӵ⻡ȵıݳǽзܼĹ
߰ʮ׸ߵĳǽһ·ʵֱ˾ţ֮˵վǳɹִˡ
һ̣ǽĶ˷ܵĻ˲Ȼֹһݡ߾Լɺʿ׷۾ǿ־塣
ǵĹУ⵽Ĺ˵ʵǺңٳǽһֱûпƵʿеѳسУһ̣֪Ϊʲôˣڳǽڣ飬鲼ʮʮĴƾӡ
ЩʿȫףȫװĿĶˣȴûκһ˷ڸȦĵطڳųķܼļεˡ
ֲһĻеʿķ䣬ѡ
ûǷӦһ̣ҲһܼļƼ׼ͷ׵ؾ䴩ЩʿϵĿףǵ߶ͷ
Щʿ߶ûһֱһӸ߸ߵĳͷȥ
ǽЩز֣ûһ£ǻڵȴȴŵϳǽʿࡢܼʱ
һ


ģ
壡


˵ʱ򣬰һʨӰľŭ𣬸ȦʿΪһ飬һһսС飬Ծ˵ƣ˵ٶȣ׵һ㣬Ѹͦɱǽͷ
ۣ
⻷𵴣𵴣ֻһ˲սֽһдһһʿ׷ױնɱʬ屻ǽͷ
ǽĴʿԶȸոյǽͷʿö࣬ҪǣݱǸ߾ֹսУκεͶʩչֻܸΪս
ԵĴʿȴȻͬ
һֻرѵʮ˵ĳǷӡ
սʼ֮ǰͺ³ϣѵ֧ӣרſһƬ֮ģ⽨һǳأֳ֧ɹӪвϵԿͬʱĥϡ
Ϊһ飬սʽ֧Ƿ
˵սС鹥һ壬ĬҪǣ˵սʽܹӳһһڶЧ۶˵ǽͷ֧СܹӪԷһĸо
ɱ
ۣ
һĺɱдѪϵĴӳǽ֧רѵĳǷͶսһжʱȻͬܶʿǽͷڼ̵ʱڣһּٵķʽѸո
սı仯Զֻˡ
䣡
ľ޼ٴι䣬͹Ҳް취
ֵض־͸ûκá

ֻһĺ޼ʿѹ촷ۣ޼ڵϷǧֲѪ·
һö޼ֱһӴ¥
ֻһ죬һΣ¥ӶУķѣƬɽ¥Ͻ̶ڸݳͷҲ֮ϡ
ɱ
ȻƵĹƸֹԱ̼Խ
ʿ˻ţɫͬ˰㲻ϵǰӿȥ
ϣ
̶ʱڣԽԽĸצϳͷԽԽĹصĿڳǽϡ
ÿʱỵ̈Ƶʿųͷȥ
䣡
ս࣬һӴ¥ڵֽݣ䣬¥Ķˣһĩ˴צ׳ĸְص£ڳͷ˲ͨһ׿ֱͨڲͨ
䣡
һ󱥺ɱ˱¥ڲʮʿһѷŸǽͷɱȥ
Щи߾ʿˣҲ˺ݱĬһɱǽڵĴʿ
ণ
ڴɱͬʱûжע⵽һͻȻӸڲ
ûʿӦһ̣âһһֻСȸǽͷӸڼɶ
һףֻȸĺ󷽣Ȼһǧӥȸų򣬷Ͽա
ͻȻ䣬棬һӴסˡ
Сģж
һ߾ʿۼ⣬ע⵽Щӥȸ
Ǹʿ׷̧ͷЩӥȸĽצ
һ˲䣬˶Щӥȸצץŵһ塣
Ȼû˷Ӧһ̣һֻӥȸצһɣһųԲӥȸҲɿ˽צЩԲ
飡
һԲڵϣԲдžһˤƬһЩɫҺŽ


ڶǧһʮ Ů֣
ͣǻͣ
һĻһʿͫҪͣˡ
һɿֻŵڴɢ
ݣѸٸı䷽ܼļ곯ձȥɰǧӥȸѸٱɱһȴ޷ıս֡
¡¡ǧӥȸɳͬʱ޴ĸڣһĺû淴Ӧ飬ھǽͷжʮ׵ĵطһְӶһֱߴӸˮƽ

һʿųĹͻȻ֮䱻ǽڵĸְײУھ޴ĳ£ܹͬʿȫײ߻һЩֱͦͦȥںĴС
ۣ
ײЩݵͬʱһŸְ£ǧƵĸֹܴǽ
âһһɹɺɫҺѸٴӸֹ¶ճճģ·ʿϡ
£һسǽְ鿪Ŀ׶ǽϣһųȶ̵öֱ࣬ȴöĸֹѸ漴ɵĻͳ
ֻۣգ֮䣬³ĻͱȼյĻ棬Ѹٵȼս

һİ쳹սʿɻˣսʹķ
ǽЩֹ֮ƶɣĻṹǿĳ
ЩֹĻͺͻ棬Χܹﵽʮ֮ޣһ˲䣬ΪܵĻ𺣡
͵ĹʽױԷԣصִֽɱ˷ʽ
ַʽ³Ļֶͣûа취
ڻ͵Ĺ£Ƶľȫ󱻻ȼԵڵء
ֹˣ֮ǰųЩӥȸĻ͵Ͷսϣʱ˿̣ЩҲͬȼ
ȼյ¶ȼߣǽĵطһܼܹյͨ죬һֳڻļһЩմϴĻֱͣӾͱˡ
ˣ
һĻ󷽴УһĽɫ࣬޵ҧгݡ
ԭУʳ彫ڹսУӵԶȴʳǿĶࡣ
ƵľԲΪСĵִĻͣǴʳϰڿտشսʽ޷ġ
ɣ
ʱһϮдڴ룬»ɽ󣬽ޱȵŮйâһһ˵ţһǰ
Ŀұһ˫Ӷǰս
ԶеĻҪңǰʮ׸ߵĻκΪ֮ľ
͵ɱʵþͱȷ䡢ǿ٣ǻһ𣬴Ĺ裬˵ȴġ
취ƴƷĻսͻһֱּ˱Ǳ״̬
Ů
λŮͻȻӧ˶ɫһȻûϵһ
ŮִʳͿɳˮϨѵа취
һԱߴ߾ʵԨŤͷλŮЩ档
߾۹ȻɡԶڶشԨͳĴһֱʹƼҽսƣӦɡ䷴û̫
λŮԨҲֻ֪ͣüĵ֪
ɲսΣҪλŮԳֵĵز
ǺǣսȲǣƬ𺣣֮»ûκεˡ
ŮƣЦŻͷƲԨһۣһ۷֣ĺҡ
ԨİΧļλһݣһعͷȥĿбӡ
˻֪λŮԨġ˹ɺ᲻˽⣬⺷ǿʳɲӱڵͥλŮɲֻòѡ
ǰͨŮӣаˣѰ׹ɭɭΪһˡ
ҵʵսŸոտʼǱеĶ󽫶ûгʱǷЩ̫׵
ʱͻȻڵ
Ȼͣȴԡ
սڣǱ߳սĽֻһЩԼײʿѣһûг֣˵׼󽫼ˡ
ս˭ϲҲҪµĽֱӳǰߣɱɱһʵǱ߿ºֵܹסһĹޣҶԷǱʱͻȻɱº롣
Ҳ󷽣׳ֵԭ
ԱԽ
ԷĽ˧;׳֣
սϸĬϵĲĵĹء
Ůͻǰߣʲôأɲͳ׵ˡ
İɣһСĵģ῿̫
⣬Է˧֣ʱͿӦˡ
Ů˵ţ׹ȥһۡ
»ɽǰԹۣû˵ʲôֻʶĿԵĸС
ΣյľٶУΧȻһ˶ʱ׷׿˸С
ⳡս˾ִй̣ĲԡıţȫҪӸеǾ֮ǰʹһµģ仰˵оĴʦ
ŮҪǰߣҲþеɲС
̫󣬸зĻŮҲͷ
ȥɣ
üͷ𣬳Ƭ̣ܿ˾
Ůǰ߾ͽˣмǣɿʮڣ⣬ͣʱɳյ裬һԷ˧֣ˣս
ףҵСʦ
ŮӯһЦܿǰȥ
ԵʱŮаָһźۼĴӸǰ
ɫ΢ʶȥŮѻΪһ磬ʧǰԶԶģ
»ɽʱ򣬻鷳
δ䣬ʧ

սڼ
ǽϣͻڲ£ȻʱƿնøֶζԸЩ͹ܣöõ͹ܿϣֹֻ߽ܴۣ޷¡
ˣҲ޷ıʵ
ণ
˵ʱʱ죬սԵһХͻȻƲ񷣬ֱ
ֱӸǹս˵˻иֲҽ
䣡
ֻһɽХľ죬߰սԵŮһװ˫ſ󣬹ѩƺƵڣŸݵķ
ѩһƬεأޱȡ
¡¡
һ̣ڳǽƳǷʿ𺳵ĿУӿıѩѸٽսԵŮû
ĺѩͬ׳磬ݸѹ
ֻһ˲ѩأ֮սʲôˣȼյĻ𺣶ѩڱΣС


ڶǧһٰʮ ħ񹭣
ӸݵǽͷϿȥһƬ磬֮⣬Ӱ
ѩѩɢٶȼ죬ֹǳǽսڲܵӰ죬ʲô
ô£׷ʲô
ͷϣһǷڲһ˿ҡ
ǷΪһ飬˴ЭͬӴڵĻеѵԴΪƾڣС˴˶ѿ壬Ŭ˴ˣֻܿһģӰӡ
ô£ǰ»ɽ𣿡
룬Ѹٱѩս˼޲TԼڶ佫ɫ΢׷վ
˵ӡУзֻһ˲п»ɽ
»ɽѾ
ѵ˵ʲô仯
ʶ˼Ե塣
ѩŨڰ˼ִ˵Ӱ첻
ûУⲻǲٿ
ҡҡͷĿͬǰ
ڵٿѩľɢսȴоһ˿ͬ
ܿ죬оսһ˿صϢ
书Ů
ȻǰŮûдУŮʵҲԣ廹һ۱˳
ĩʱ»ɽ췴¼˵ע⣬ټŮŮ֮ԹŮĴԲࡣ
⣬벻ɲ쾹Ȼ˲Ϊ
忴ǰЦЦ
Ůʵĵ̥ЩƣĿǰ׶Σ岢׼ô֣ȥԸ
޲TŮͽˣ
ͻȻŤͷվڰ˼ͬ︱촦޲T
ǣ
޲Tɫһ࣬æͷӦ̬
˹֮ս޲Tǣѱ弸ָӲ
֮ңͬ޲˸ȫû³ټ죬ΪƵ֮ĵһˣ»Σڴ޲T̬ȶʱһٰʮȴת䣬֮κʱҪ羴
ǿʳʤΪ
ͬĴԭ
ڵ壬ʵѹͬ޲䣬ұΪʥһʱһʱͬ޲̬ȻҲȻͬ
û˿ԥ޲TѸתȥ
һ£
޲TŸո˼ͱסˡ
㣬ԸŮ
һ˵ţһߴӥȡһεİ˫һ˺һԾ
еĶ޲TҲƤһ΢΢ɫ
еһ͹ŵĻƽ󹭣೤ϻžĻ·
ģ
ֻǿһۣ޲TϳĳּΪǿĹġ
ֹˣϸȥϻ಻֪ɫɵĸһͷͷʳ˵еʮħ񣬴ϵħ̤ɫΣŭ𣬺ȻǴ˵ʮħںбѹʱ
ħ񹭣
Ӵʳеõһǿ
ȻһʱˣϾǾùǿߣǴ޲Tͬͬһ˵ļգ޲Tǹǿߡ
лү
޲Tץħ񹭣ܿתȥ

Ůڸ뿪üֱִݻ飡
ǳ⣬ѩŨܵʱһĮޱȣս
ɲǼ䣬սȻһѩСࡣ
壡
Զ»ɽС˹ɺƤһ˳
ͬʱǰ뼫ԶŮɫһʶͷ߸߳ͷֻһ˲ŮָḧԼĵգ¶һĵЦݣӯЦ
үôѵҪԶ֣
󷽣»ɽ˶ɷ׷üͷ
սһŮǲЩֳϣ
û취һˡ
̯̯֣Щε
һ࣬Ҳٴ
Ը㣬һòų֡
𣿡
ŮһԽȤζˡ
һΣ岢ûȡ֮һʱ


һ
ؼ
ŮҲûϵ˸ɴ࣬ôĮҲеİ
ߣԽˣԽҪô죡
Ůҧݺݵ
Գ֣ɵ֡˶Ը治¡
ŮȻһŮɲŮλãΪشͷ֮һǷ֮Ǹ쵰Ҳδ̫Сˡ
ߣ
һ࣬ŮûжһȻڳǳ
ڣͦΣɫ䣬ɲǣֱۻ𣬾ڿУ漴΢ɲǼ䣬ݣսڣͻ𡪡
䣡
𶯣һХû˷ӦսϣŮǹɱѩ˲ըѣֱͬһʱ䣬սϿգգŨҵûѩҲѸʧ
ֻһգۣսָҲڿǰΡ
ټսϣԭڴƻ͵Ĺ£һƬܻ𺣣Ů֮лϤϨ
ֹˣԭкŴͣʱ˿̣ϵĺɫͣͬʬԼеȫһ񺮱⡣
ǰ߸ߵĸǰֱӱһ˪ǽϷ̽ĸֹܣ֮ǰɹݵĸְڣȫ
¡
һŻǽڲз͸ֹˣ˵乥ˡ
һɲǣвٿػĴ˲ɫ
һ࣬ŮһĻ¶Цݡ
ɲģʽǳƣƽֶӵĻȴǴѩǣɲ½㣬ޱȡ
ŮһҲֻ¶
ҵҪʲôԸҡ
ŮŶĸݣһЦ
Ȼڰ»ɽǰºڣʵΪ˼ҪǽʮڣŮֱӾ߰ٶɣôԶľ룬Գ֣㹻Ļʱ䣬˵廹˶Ը
䣡
Ȼ˵ʱʱ죬ŮǲŸո¶˿Цݣһ̣һĺӸ
ͬһʱ䣬һɰ糱ϫ˵ĸ֪Уǹ֮ǿͨʿоõ

ڤڤУӿХһȴǴӸݵķݹȥ
ã
Ůɫһ䣬оһӴΣգ὿޵Ҳ˲ò԰ֽ
룬һֲֿܵʹ£ŮһΣбɲȥˣڴ޲Tһ̫̫ˡ
ͣʯ䣬һģĲк۴Ӹ߿£ɲǼ䴩ռ䣬ֱŮ
ǱܣŮܣͻȻ֮䣬һ׶ĴʹӺĴͬһʱ䣬һѪС


ڶǧһٰʮһ ½رš
ֱʱŮʶԼֻǲӰ֧ʵԼ
㵡𾪡̿֡һ㣬˲Ů
䣡
һ̣һɿֲɽѵأȻؿ֧б
Ůһ͵زҽһͱǹɿֲɣֱӷɳʮԶһڵء
쵰
ֻ˲Ϣ䣬Ůʹӵϵ𣬹ڵء
ͷ˿ɢ̧ͷݺݶĳǽ
һ̣Ůڿֲʹµһˣһԭһƫ磬ûܹɱλɲŮ
һɲ׺ݱԶʱҲű
ȻңȻˣҲֲˣ
Ůһ˿һ̣һ˫ֱ۰ڵϣȻһץ
꣡
ص׷·һɺץâһڵ˫𺳵ĿУرᣬŮ˲䱬һɹӴεѩĭͺһӨ͸ı׶ӵصױ
ֻһգۣЩ׶ͱǵʮɡ
ֹˣЩ׶Լαͬʱ㣬˴˾̶ʱڣȻһƬΧ󣬾Ө貣õġ½رš
һɲǣ˶סˡ
ϵ벻λŮȻ˿ֲıϵΪ
Ʈս£»ɽ˫۴촽ⲻѡ
ϵѾ
ǰŮıֹǱϵߣһ۷ľ磬ԿԳ֮Ϊ¼һǿߣڰ»ɽ˵Ǹջ
»ɽ£Ů֮ѹûһ㡣
󷽣˵ǰ»ɽһ㵡
Ůʶôãûмȫֲʵʱ
±һȫŭˡ
ǰŮӣҲɴ˸
ؼ亮ŮڵģʱѾ˼ôˣսȻûеҵʱ򣬵޲TһŮױŭˡ
꣡
ӵٶȼ죬˵ĿУһ죬һ׿һ׶ıӵ˳ǽǵڶ̶ֻʱ䣬һӴֱͨݳͷ½رС
쵰ҵҪô죡
Ůҧгݣߺ޲ѡ
ˣǿϵٳƬ½ر֮ŮȴһͷҲصĳԶӶݶȥ
ڹ˾Ѿɥʧ˺͵۹ǿ
ʱɡ
Ÿʲôϰ
ھһȺʿʱŮ
Ǽ쵰Ӧң
⻰ļ佫׷׳ŮԶҲͺһ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬һɲǣâһһضҡԾ˵ٶȳŮ
һΣֻһ죬޲Tһȴһ˵ǾڸĴ
Ǻĵ۹󽫣ثҲκεԵһ
쵰
һ࣬ŮȻɹӹһ٣ҲŵҰף羪֮һ㣬Զݡ
Ůˣ飡
ڲһ߸͹ĸϷ޲Tվһݼϣһ˿âеħ񹭡
ͬ£ȫд壬Ը֣ŮȻǵ֣޲TվЩ²ȥ֣Ůδܹôѡ
ţ޲Tģƾž빥ݣֻ˵ǳ˵Ρ
ΨһЩ鷳ǣŮЩȫ⣬ȷʵһ鷳
ˣ
ڳ˼ʱһͻȻУ޲TѭȥֻԶһСӰϸһ·ԾԼٶȳԼߵĸȸ
үʧˣһ㣬޲TûɱŮ
޲Tһ񣬵ͷһ˿
ɽΪ£Ҫľִоħ񹭣ȴûɱŮû֣ⶼʵ
⣬үԤϣһŮѣ˶˴֡һүаţǿȥɣ
ȸһЦ⡣
棬޲Tԣһʶ˹ȥ
ܿ죬޲TͷӦųƱʥ˳ᢣʤǧħ񹭽ԼȥԸŮδûϵʲô
һֻ¶ļ֮С
ҪģǲӰĲԡ
ǣ޲Tȥ
޲TܿԾ³ͷԶȥ

ɱ
Զ⣬ɱ춯أŮֺ롢ġһɲǣʿ˷
͹ݣַȻҪݵö࣬Ҫǣӵһ̹;ֱӳǽͷ
ˣ壡
ȺУһͻ佫־䵶ȳϱţʼʱСΨЩŹڴս̤ȥµĸоʵޱȣͬʵ½һ㣬һĻ
̫ˣ
һ˲䣬Ľ쾫һһ·֮㣬Ÿǽȥ
ǽļ̶̳Զ󣬵жһܡڻ˳ǽͷͬʱҲΪṩһ
һпܴвˣ
ֵǣɱ
󷽣һĻڶʿһ񣬳ǧ׷׸佫籼׳ȥ
߰ٶɵľ뿴ƺԶ˵ֻҪٶ£Ҳֻ˲Ϣ顣
¡¡ҡض֮󣬸߾ɲ䣬ʿ׷˻ų½رţԶĸݳ档
ϣ
һ߳ؽâ˸Ȼӳͷ½رϣȻ㾡ȫһֻڱϿһѷ죬һǿķ֮һɲǣͷϣһؼףҪ½رŵĳǷʿ׷ױɫ
Ů۳½رԶеĻҪ¡
ط׼ս
һ󱩺쳹أ
ǽϣһ佫Ѹٷ
ٶȼ죬Ҫ½رţʱѾˡ
¡¡ֻƬ̣Ѿɱ½رŵã˫ľѸټսһ
ϣ
ֻһԽ˻һǽͷһǷӵʿ⧲սУ׹³ͷ
飡
ҵײڶΪļ룬ͷʱһҡ
󣡡
һ쳹أͷϣƵľѸٱ仯ڳһǿ͡
СΪλ˵ĹΪһ壬Ϊְһ顣
飡
һһһΣӭȴǧ


ڶǧһٰʮ ڶ׶μƻ
ʿŸոճǽͷͱؽնΣʬھ޴Ե£ֱӳ³ͷ
ǷϸѵڴʱãֻƬ̣ͷָ
Ĳǰͺ̣ͨų̶˫̱ӣÿһ̶д
ֻרѵʮǷŮ족½رţһʱ֮Ҳ׹ơ
ֹˡ
䣡
âһֻһ죬һЮűըԵ˲͸ţڼıһ޴Ŀǿֲըñм׷ɡ
һ̣е󳵶ı˷򣬿ʼе½رš
УȥƸݣ
Զɱ죬󷽣»ɽ޴ս£ȴ΢΢üͷ
ŮĳȻ˻͵⣬ǴĿǰҪƸݣݵĴţңңڡ
׼ԶҪ֣ƾߣܺĵĵϡ
ֻĵ𣬰»ɽȴĲ𣬵ΪֹѾʮǱȴʧޡ
ȥƾ棬ʿһ޴Ĵ
Уִеڶ׶εļƻˣ
»ɽͻȻŤͷĸе
ţ
е˵ͷû뵽սſʼûãôҪõڶ׶εļƻˡ
ֻǴǰս˶õڶ׶εֶΣѾûõİ취
ֻһǾͻǳϾԷ佫ڶûг֡
пڵЩǡ
ոеļƻԭⳡսҪ˫ս佫׷׳֣ȻǺʵʱǷȥΪǱߵķ̫ǿΪֹ˫佫ûг֡
˲ˣ
»ɽйâһܿ˾ϣ
񹤳ϣ鷳ˣ
һ仰ȴתһԵ񹤳˵ġ
ֻҪ˾У̫ʼȣһս˰ڣȫİţ
񹤳ϰȻһЦ벻
ҿȣҪֶϡ٣ֻܹöѾ֯еĴˣһʧܣ㲻еڶλᣡ
⣬ֶҪķѴʱܣõһ
ţ
»ɽֻӦһٶ˵
һ࣬񹤳ϼ״ֻǵȻһЦܿת뿪
ǰսڼÿʱÿ̶дʿ
棬ıԶȴƶöࡣ
꣡
һ㿪ѵӶдڸݶ࣬һɣӲޱȵ½ر󳵵£ͻȻѿѷ죬¡һױѣ½رϣʿţ˴׹
ˣ
ͬʱڲһ󺮷ιͷ裬̧ͷһ۳⣬ĺɱͻȻ¶һ˿Цݡ
ôˣ
һԣͬ޴󽫾˼עǰսĻѸٲʲôŤͷ˹
û⣬ǱҲӦóˣ
Ŷ棬Ц
ʲô
˼ɫһΪ⡣
ү˼ѵ»ɽǱ߻ʲôֶΣ
ƾЩƲ˳ǳصģһ㰲»ɽӦ÷ǳףֹڴˣǿҸ߿ˣ

ܱ֯УѡΪˣ־ѡУΪ֮ӣȻֶֻΡ
֪»ɽֻбϿȥǵʵ

˵ʱͻȻ֮䣬һֻӥų򣬾ڸݵϿͻȻ˫һգһֻУֻƬ̣һƵĴŲҴңһꪣѸٳķ
үѦϢĿ
⣬̫ٱ˴ϢһѾ׼׵ʱү
ϥأһ˵ţһߵͷֱֻ۸߾٣иոյһżݸ塣
һӴнӹż㣬ֻǿһۣ¶һ˿Цݡ
¾㱸ֻǷ磡»ɽֻʣˣҿ㵽ƾʲôҽҸͶҪƣ
屳˫֣ķĪ

㣡Щٿ㣬˵û𣿡
˴˵飬˶ֻ·һ
ʱ仺ȥս棬ĺ󷽣һŭ
ϸȥһƬտĵش˷ֳʮڵأڵϿ̻ʲô
ǺȻһӴ󷨡
Щǰһģˣץһʮ׳ĺɫӣʹĻš
ž
һ˦ݺݵĳһֽĺϣֻ˺һϵ·ѿϵĵֱ˺һѪӣѪֵס
˶ʱʹȫһ̲סһһʹĵͺ
㣡
㣡
ൽˣҹע
һ仰Ŀ׺ݣеĳָΧǧƣų飬վһԵʿ
˺һϣ¶һ˿ηɫǺܿǰڹעһȥ
ЩĹע󷨵ϢԽԽǿ
䣡
һزһѸٵתһɷ籩ϢӴ
һ̶ʱڣʮӶ׷׵ɹת
Щ󷨵ĳɹתؼȻһ䣬󷽣ݵؽķѩ˲ܵĳ׷׳ʮķ۶ѸٻΪһƬصıѩ
ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ӺѩĭͬѩǵأɽѸٳǰսķХȥ
ֻ˲Ϣ䣬ѩĭսض


ڿʼˣ
ڣ΢۾̧ͷգ૵
³
ĿǰǱߺѾʼˡ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬˿ͷոմԺзӶһ̣һɧУɱ춯أֻǴӳ⴫ֱӴӸڱġ

Ƭ̵ʱ䣬һɫţսķɳ۶
үˣ﷢ңеʿ֪ΪʲôԴ󷢣ͻȻǵʿѸųŶȥǵֵסүָʾ
ʲôжˣôܻᵲס
˼ԲȻŭ
ɽΥ
ǴҪľɣ־лǰûз
ؽˣֻ࣬ٶˣʵȴǿи˿ɵξǶǵĶ֡
ͷͷ亹乡
쵰
˼ɫ࣬һ˫ȭݺž죺
ȥã
лֱܴ裬Ǵͳ˧뿪ҾиҪͳߣܶľֻˡ
ͬһͶƵʱͬ޴󽫾ְ̫ڻʵʱڻоٵְ񣬴þл䱾ͬ޴󽫾ְ֮һ
˼˵仰תвУŻķ첽ȥ


ڶǧһٰʮ űһ
˼û߳һϤ
ˣ

˼ɫһʶĻعͷ˾޴µ塣
лԾʿӰ켫ԴãӰ쵽Ĳãһ㣬˼岻᲻ס
Ǻǣ󽫾Ƶľ½ģͳҲɭϣѵľǾл𣿡
ͼٸʿܹôĻңôƲ谭𣿡
һƵᣬһ˫ޱȣƺѿ͸еһС

˼һ˲סˡ
Ͼĵ۹󽫣Ȼ󲿷ֵʱھʦ֮ػʳǣܹӱǷ֮
л䣬ִ٣Ϊ󽫣ֻŵһʱƽϢң򶨴ûϸ˼ʱһѣе֮
ǰ߻أʮ򣬱˵ٶ䣬ǧˣһңδܹ˻
ҪƽѣҲֻһɲǵ飬ֳűΣ
ͨʿûʵ
Ȼ˵仰ûᰢ˼
ˣ
ǰŵĴ΢΢һЦ漴һ죬͵һѳץ˹ȥ
ͻΧǵ˶ΪԾ
Ȼ˳ԾķӦ

һצץɫ΢æȥٶޱȣ˵ϢҲȻһأԶ֮ǰֳ
ǰʵߵͶûκ𣬵ֵʱ򣬾עû˿ѡ
䣬һɰбֱӽض𣬳ķ
𣡡
ɫ䣬ڼˣĿȻһ˷ˣ޷޵ĺУͬʱǽ죬Ծ˵ٶȼθߣֻһ˲ͳϵĿף¶һʯļ⡣
Ҳ֮仯һƤϱѣֽƬ
űѵ£Ҳ֮¶һȫͬģİס
Ѳ˻ָ繳Хһ˷ֱɱȥ

һĻͬ޴󽫾˼ǻһ¶һ˿𶯵ɫ
룬һΣϵһʣһƵ֮٣նȥ
㷴ӦʱҲ׹ǵˡ
ôĵӣ
˼ɫޱȣûȻôĵӣαװǵˣ涯ֽš
Ȼ˼죬졣
ߣ
ֻһߣָһգֱһƿסĲӣ漴һգһ죬αװɴİ½ữĺŤ˲ӣƲһ˫ִ£ڵϡ
սһ붼
½ữĺƴȫҵĺϣȴĻȫ赲˿ûмЩԵ½֮ϣû˿Чٴ뺣һ㣬ȫա
еķֻͽͶѣ
ϣ
ʱһӰгһϵƬµĺۣ˼Ŀһ£¶һ˿ӵɫ
ˡ˵Щ𣿡
˼
š
ûж˵ֻ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
˵ĴǰǸܣѲˡ
ô죿
˼Ťͷһ˫Ũüӹһ˿ǡ
ͨĻ仹ãĪĺ֯Ͳôˡ
⣬һҶѾ׵ȥɣ
ϣ˰ֻ֣ǵȻһЦ
ı󶯣֯óαװ취뵽ԼĴ֮УԼ֪˿׼
˵ףֻǿ˭ֶθˡ
Ǳ߲ᣬǰ߰ɣǱ߼ȻЩˣ²ֶֻΡ
Ŀǰ΢΢һЦһƵᡣ
˼ԭЩģǿأɫһ漴Ҳ΢΢һЦ
ȷʵ
߾վŹµһλϵġʥıԹڸڣԼֺ̫ࣿ
УһпͻȻֻ֮˰ɣ
ȥж󣬷ֹ䣬⣬ʲôʱֻҪҪµͬʱԳ
˼
˵ͷһ΢΢ͷһ۶ǣɫֻǲʱ󺮷紵
˻ȴӷŵһ˿ζ
һɲǣһ˿âʲôû˵ʲôûзһѸŤͷ˱

ͬʱһ࣬ŵλá
𣡡
һ˷ˣ޷޵ĺ쳹գ񹥴ݵʱ򣬱ڲٰ½ữ޻ĺƻԾ˵ٶڴгųŵķȥ
Щʵǿ֮ɱɱ𣬼ûκδƵʿܹ赲סǡ

ֻһĲҽУһƵʿ飬Щһƻ飬߷ݰطԶɶȥ
Ҫս
ٳǣ򿪳ţŰ»ɽľӽ
Щ˵ǰˣһģĺĿ磬ɨˣе
һ˵һ͵һĳܵĦ֮ХʮȫװĴʿһɳȥ
ЩʿÿһǾ񣬷ŵսϣʿꪳɳֻ׷֮ս
ЩνľЩǰֻ߹ˣһ
䣡
ӿǧƵĴʿ׷ױɣͨŵҲȫɢ
Щ˰أҰް㱼ܣٶޱȣЩϣҲһģ·ʯļһЩֱӱɳȥȫκβǡ
תḥ̂򿪻أ
ѳŵ𣬴ͨ
һǰĺĿһָָǰĳţе
𣡡
û˿ԥ߰Ұްĺ˸飬ԾųĿƻȥ
ৣ
Хֻһ˸ִӴͷӶ˵˳ԣһ׳ֱץס˻ϳĲݸˡ
ɹˣ
ֻһȺϰˣȻԣ
˸һϲһȫҪصĳŵ
Ȼ˵ʱʱ죬ûӦৣֻһһƾ˵ĶС

˸ŭһͷûأһȭݺݵĳȥ
䣡
ཻұըȻʼϲ鷢ˡ
һӴȻ󱬷Ȼֱӽ˸ɳȥ


ڶǧһٰʮ ű
ʲô
˸ɫ΢䣬ڿһۣǿµȵ
ֻ󣬲֪ʲôʱ򣬺ȻһߴӰȫףֻһ˫۾¶档
ҺΧеʿͬڽؽϴҲǰףϢȼգЩͨľʿ֮
ħа֮
Ű׵ʿ䣬·
δ䣬һͻȻڳ࣬ȻһɲǼ䣬԰ټͬװİսʿӰ
֮ڴˡаǺܾˣ
һ׵Ľ־ؽϢ䣬
ϣһ԰ټƵİսʿһſΪһҫ۵İɫǽبڳǰ
һĻк˷׷ױɫֻһ˲Ϊ׵ļɫһ䣬ЦһĿɭȻޱȣ
һȺϣɱǣ
Ͼϣǿ׳ҲֻϣЩʿȻżǿվǵĶ֣ҲֻǶֽŰˡ
䣡
û˿ԥһ˻ţ·ҰްŰȥ
ͬʱ԰ټƵİսʿһɱڣõĳź˳ȥ
䣡
ĵһһɫͬĦ֮Х˲һսʿ޴ȫװİսʿݺݻɣɫ㣬˳׷϶뵽档
飬սʿ˲׹أսΪݹǡ
ȻϣƾʵҲԣ
ɭȻһЦɫޱȣ˿Цݻûгãһ̣һҽдԱߴ
ɫһȻתͿԲԶսʿĳֺϻͣؽݺݻһϡ
ؽֱǶѪ֮С
עģսʿľٶ
ס˹ؽڵͬʱһӴڵ½֮罭ӿսʿڡ
ɰ֧£սʿϢǣһ貵Ĺ⻪ڱֱһģһ»Ӱ
컯
һĻһϵѪɫʵøɸɾ԰ֽ
컯֯ʵһ֣Ϊλ֮ӵԭ׵ַǹ˱֡
ôܣǾȻѧа
۾š
Ȼ𺧵Ļں棬Ŀ磬Ѹɨսֻټսϣͬ鲻Ϸѧ컯Զֹˡ
Щսʿʵʵˣȴܹѹסһˣϴ컯к˶ʱپ޴в
飡
սаսʿɻɱͬһʱ䣬Ҳк˱ɱ
˫ʤѷ

ɫһ䣬˶ͬһʱ䣬һᣬ͵һĳܵĦ֮Х籼׳սʿ
Ħ֮ԵӴ˲佫սʿɣƲЪ͸ڡ
һ̣𺳿־鷢ˡ
ԶĦ֮ɵսʿһڱɵɲǣѸٵվЩֲܽ˶Ħ֮һľϨˡ
˱Ħ֮һЩͬʱڸܵһ𶯣սʿˡ
ܣܣ
һɲǣĿҧݣôҲ޷ǰ顣
ֻڶ̶һ˲ЩưսʿȻѾ˵½ҶĦ֮ԡ
ʱһ촫С
սʿսȭͷͬʱһ˫˫ޱȣ˳ֵĺˡ
ɱ
û˿ԥһȣؽɱ˳ͬʱâһаɫؽȼһɹɫ档
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ؽ׻𣬼ն£Ѹٺ켤սһ
䣡
𵴣˺ҵսԭңĺˣ谭
ЩսʿԵֽ裬Ϊ˸ۣһ˲٣崫ǵĴ컯ͺϻͣӳЧ
ν˫ȭѵ֣úܲס˶࣬˲ռϷ磬رǴ컯ãʹú˵˲仯Ϊӵƣսڶ̶Ϣ󣬱Ѹת

ڳŸսҵʱһǽ¡
ϣ
һƴСɣƵСѸ׹ڵأǽ£ûжע⣬еļУξָһѸٽһɹ뵽СС
գۼ䣬ֻһܼС󷨹â䣬Ѹת
ֻһգۣݸѩ˲Ũʮֹ
ˣԻ÷ѾɹתƺҲɹˣǳ
һУξѹ˻
ս϶ǽµԶֹǣ˽ֻһѡؼӿȻҲɹˡ
ţ
һ䣬˺ͣȥ磬Ѹԭ·ɳ۶ȥ
ЩУξ󷨳˺󣬴һط
׼𣡡
һĿ࣬ȫؼ׵ĺеͺ飬ɽ纣սϣһͺ΢š
ʱ˿̣κ˿ǰζһ΢΢
ĿľǰȻһϢǿ佫ˡˡݽ죬Ҳк͸߾佫춼ڡ
ǰս⼸ʮ죬ʱȴһ𣬿ǳ졣
ҶסֻһΣֻɹʧܣ
Ϊ׵佫
ǣ
˵ȣĿⶢŸݣޱȡ
һ̣һ紵ӿƮƮӰӰ´£¶һŴ͵ӰȻһܼͶʯ
ֻǺͶʯȣЩͶʯĹС࣬ĳЩط˾ֲ޸ĺͼǿóΪ̾Ͷ졣
ʵϣЩͶʯҲΪƣͶ˵ģʯͷ
ֻգۼ䣬һ佫Ѹ̤Ͷʯ
Ƹݵķʵ̫ǿˣƾֶθ޷ƣ֧佫Ϊ˴졣
ܴƷжǿʿվ޷佫࿹⡣
䣡
һֻ̣һʮȫװ죬㷢Ծ˵ٶȳԶĸǽͷȥ
ɱ
̶ֻʱ䣬һ߾촩ѩص˲䣬չıڳչһ£ųͷϵĴսʿ˶
ԽԽ佫ŷ˶գۼ䣬ͷһƬҡ



ڶǧһٰʮ ƿȱڣ
үˣͷͻȻһ֧佫ӣǵľӵֵס
Ƭ֮󣬱룬һɫҴңȥ
ɲǼ䣬ڲޱ䡣
үĩǰȥֹ
һɫأͻȻȭе
κһͼ佫ͨʿսУܴң˵һ֧佫ӣͷĳǷӸֵֹ롣
ȥɣ
˰֣ܿ쿪ڵ
ǣ
ǹһ񣬺ܿת첽ȥ

Ƶв佫ʵ٣ƴһ֧佫Ӳ¡
ŹǴȥĿǰ΢΢۾˳˼
ǰսҪӨ͸ıڳ£ڲϵݣЩŵ̮ȴֹЩʿ
Ůƴȫ۵ıԶеĻҪ̡
ڲϵıŨҴӳͷķӿ
ǰ˼
ã˲ӣ佫ӣѩƾЩƲҵĸݣ»ɽ㵽ʲô
山ڵķЦЦ
Ȼʱ֪жʲôԿ϶ڵİ»ɽһ׼ʲô
ȥоӣȫ
һҺ£
ǰͻȻڵһ˿ĪĹâ˲䱩ţͬþһ㡣
ǣү
һѸתȥ

ѩӿ˶仯ѾķΧˡ
廹ǰ»ɽ޷Ӱ쵽ĵͿ仯

һеĺĺ󷽴˭Ҳûע⵽ܹģ϶ӵĻް̾ϡ
ǹϵĻŷĻƣǰһ޴ġڿڡ
ĵڿУһž޴ֱ׵˶
һڿڣҲϵĹתھı棬һ˿˿ΪΣյɫâӨϸ˿Ծ˵ٶȲϵߣҲϵĹ֯һӴ󷨡
ڴˣͻܵЩ̺һӴΣյ
֮£ڲȴһɳϫһ㣬ӿŵģӴǹӿĻɽһ㣬Ϊȶ̺ĻκΪ֮ݡ
һɳԽĿ

̶ֻʱ䣬һͳת̨϶ֲĻеﻺתڿڣԶԶĶ׼˴Ƶĸݵķ
Ȼ˲䷢
䣡
䣡
䣡
ž޴˲䱬ȥ

ɱ
ͬʱڹǴӣڳͷͶ佫ӼսʱͻȻ֮䣬û˿ףλһž޴ͻȻЮŻԵ֮θ߸ߵģڵĳǽϡ
¡
û˿һɲǵľ죬׹ǿ̣ضҵĲǱըǹؼһ죬ͬһʱ䣬һɿֲĻ籩һ㣬Ȼбϯգɿֲĳ£ֻһ˲֮ǰޱȣֵĸǽʱֽһ㣬֧飬̮
̳ը֮ߣƬھ£˷ž޴ıըӴĸϣҲ˲ըһγ׵ľ޴ȱڡ
ͬıըҲĸвγǽ
һɲǣؾţսȻ
͸ݱͻȻȱڣڲĴƾӺͶ˴ңңԣ˶
һ̣ʱ䶼·ֹ
˭Ҳûϵֱ仯
ƵĸݼӲޱȣǽ֮и˿ֲģӴķĺͷ󣬲ֹˣ廹ݵĵ½һӴ󷨣ݵĳǽΪһ壬Խļ̣Ƶ
˵á֡ĸҲݡ
ڹĹУвٵͼñƻǽ壬һ˿ۼ£˵
ôã޷ͺΣҲкܴĹϵ
˭Ҳûϵôãô˵ĸǽȻһ̣׵ƿ޴ĳǽȱڡ
ǧʿ۵Сۣһ仰˵
Ǻܿ죬Ǹ˾޴ս£»ɽ泤һĻ¶һ˿Цݡ
ɹˣ񹤳ϣȻûʧ
޴ȱڣ»ɽ̲סЦ
ڲ޽Σһֵס
ûЩߴǽ谭ƾûʲô赲
޴ȱڣҲʹͨʤĴš
ߣĶԭԴҪΪȶҪ󷨼ȹ̣ѾóˣҲս
ͨѾ򿪣֮ӣͿˣ
񹤳ϵ˵һһİȻ
һĻ⣬Ҫ֪ԭִоƻģֱֻ̫ǿ߲ʹõĶ»ɽ򿪳ǽѾǴСˡ
ҪǿǵⳡսΪҪ켫Ϊӣֻܳɹʧܣ׵óֶ
ã
»ɽ¶Ŀ⿪ؼǾâ䣬˷ޱȡ
ȥȫ
أ
Ű»ɽǲĺŽݾ׷ˡ
»ɽȻ֮ӣǣȥɱ
ʱҲ˷ܵĴЦһŨܵĺ
սóģΨѪⲫɱ̱ӣġ
ȥ׼ǣ
ͬһʱ䣬һϵĵ֮߾ʵԨĿ˲Ϣγ˱ļڳһǿҵս⡣
֮ǰս̫ѹˣһ̲εġ
ȥ׼ƣ
д׼
һ࣬Ԫ˵Ů˹ɺͬ˽
𣡡
յʿһŨܵɱֱ
ˣ
ֻ˲Ϣ䣬Υսޱȣٴս
һսһеĴһǰƶʱŨ̹ѩ죬ƿʼѸŸб
¡¡
սǰһܼܶܳһſһɫĳߣѸٳǰƽ
Ǽս֮УҲ˿ûǷЩجΰĳ
󷽣ıѸ˵ǧĸѪ׷ܼУۼǽȱڶ档
ɱ
һХغͬǹܱһţɽХһ㣬űڵĴƾӸѹȥ

Ŵӿؼʱٴ磬ŸݵķХȥ
ͬʱһ࣬ǽڣ˫΢գھ޴Ĵս£һ
ԭˣġ벻Ϊ˰ʤȻĶ㡣
Ϲһ˿ѩĹâ


ڶǧһٰʮ ȫµͬ޴⻷
ըķǳͻȻлĳֻҸ֪󷨣ȵֵʱ򣬱ըѾˣ嶼
ڱը֮Уȴоһ˿ϤϢ
ĵζ
ﺣ֮У̫Ǭʱ֯Ͱֶصľ廯ʱմŹܣ־̺ź嫵ģǿΨһǣȶ
ֲȶ˿ȴ˰»ɽԸĸѵ
ĸݸֲļĺͷ󷨣ֶǰҲһֵס
ϵ»ɽıãض׼ĳֹƳǽİ취ֻ嶼û뵽»ɽƳǽֶΣȻġ
ɱ
ӿɱɽһ㣬Ÿݵķ
ϣʿһƬңʣγǽ̮ȫ˵׼ǷӴʱѾȫʧȥã˵䲻
һ̣ϵȻ򶨴ݵ壬˺ְܿ
ɣ
ɣ
ԽԽڸҲܸоִ𶯣Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ЩľӾͻѸٳڡ
ôľ룬ǳҲѾ޷á
֮ǰźõĳǷԣȫʧЧ
ڿʼˣ
屳˫֣ͻȻ
Ŀ⿴ǰȴ¶һ˿Цݡ
ǽ٣ȴɣͺʲôҲûзһ
ݣ
ָһһߣָƿն˲Զһɳϡ
˼׼ˣ
ǣ
ܵĸȾΧдѸٰһҲѸתԶȥ
¡¡
һ̣ʱԶԶȥû˿ףڵĴƾͻȻ֮ͱ任ûӷӦâһһһӵĴ飬ƣһŵٶȣƾճǽȱڡ
дɽͷ·ľ͵ȴƺǰһĻԤ֮С
ϣһ˲䣬ս˻һĻʿо
ЩƵʿʵ̫侲ˣ侲ķ·ǧ޾εһ㡣
ҺͺɱͬЩƵľȫװһսϣһ侲ɽûз˿졣
侲γĶԱȣһָǿС
ȱڣ֧һɲǣƵĳǽ֮ߡ
ֹˣ֧󷽣ͬ糱ˮһſ󷽴룬˼Ϣ磬
ʱͽңҾ̤㱤ڰ벽
Х˼ϣһڣһɰϢɽ纣ҵı
һ̵İ˼Ϣ䣬˾һӵ߳ġս
ͬսΪԽΣյľ棬Խܼͬһս⣬˼Ϊͬһ죬͸ˡ
ã
󷽣һЦֻ˵һ֡
δս˰˼ͬ廹оḻİϱ˰˼
ͬȻսκ̫٣ҲûĿ׷սһ𣬺ء
ϱŰ˼һԽǵӵ£Ҳֲ̫ͬٵĶ̰塣
ǰغ¡Щ㵣Ĵȴ˿ûͣ½Ų
ɱǣ
ƾû˺ˣ
ɱߣ
˻춯أ飬Ծ˵ٶȳȱڳ
ԽԽ
ɣ
ৣ
ʱڣͬ޴󽫾˼йâһ漴ԥİγϵ彣
д
ڳ߸߾ٹͷɲǣ˼ԥ´˽
¡
ͬХɽַ·رǽȱڴƵĴͻȻϵĵȻ֮㣬һһ޻صƣȱȫٳȥ
ϣ
ǳͬʱ˶жһԽĽһĽɫ⻷ƴޱȣͬ޴󽫾˼ΪģѸɢ
ͬ޴⻷
£½ǿ⻷֮һõ⻷ļӳ֣еĴϢݣȫһء
ʹ޲Tͬ˼ʹﵽһһС⻷˫һľ磬⻷ãԶȴ޲Töࡣ
¡ֻʮɣеٶȾʹﵽԭ屶
ʮɣе̶ٶȾʹﵽ˶ӵɡ
ʮɣѾﵽ˺Ͷͬٶȡ
һɣǰеȫӳǳڳǵٶѾﵽ˶۷ٶȵ

һĻеһƬҡ
ⲻܣ
ʿ۾ǿ־塣
емٶȵģҲν۷ٶȣһﵽٶȣٶȱ޷ٴӣκεת״ĳЩսԼڹܵش
ͬ۷ٶȶ𣬵һ̫󣬴Լɵ֮䡣
ĴٶȾȻﵽǵֱš
һǣЩﶼּĸо
ֻк󷽣ڴеİ˼ɫ糣û˿⡣
۷弶ͬ޴⻷ãڼ򵥵ٶȺݣҪǣܹļٶȡ
Ҳǵܹ̫ͬڻʵռһϯ֮أµԭ
лˡ
ڤڤУ˼вһ£Ժȴǻ˲ǰǷ̸
ǻո̤ǰûãݶûнɵʱ
󽫾ǰҽģͬ޴⻷йأ˵Դ󽫾ã
Ѳӵʱ򣬱ܹˣսͻȻ˰˼ǰͬʱһխСģ飬дֵֽ˰˼С
ͬ޴⻷
˼ʼʱһɻͬ޴⻷ͬһഫķǳеĶҲ˽͸͸»ʻʲôͬ޴⻷صĶ
Υ˼ʱҲûж룬ֽӹҲûзϡ
ȵصӪ֮ʱ򣬰˼ż㿴һۣо˲ԡ
Ϊżϵ֣ʲôϵ׭壬дģдˡ
Ȼ壡
˼ΪӰͬԭжԣر֮УͬһͶӣϸ˵廹ǵˡ
Ժһ˼Ҳռ˺ܶϡ
Һ˲ͬǣΪΪĸԭ򣬰˼ͬʱռռϣоͰһЩš
˼һ۾Ϳżϵıʼ


ڶǧһٰʮ ͬVSǾ
дģΪʲôƫƫҪ»ʣ˵»
˼ʱſʼżеݡ
ǰ˼ôû뵽ż㾹Ȼĺͬ޴⻷йأֲͬ޴⻷һ׾ģûзֵȱݣֱӽͬ޴⻷һأôͬ޴⻷
Ϊʲô»֮վΪ˹ȫͬһ档
֮ĶԹð˼ипѡ
ʵ̫ˣʣͬһڿʼʱһĵˣĶ֣ãͬһ巴Ӧܿ죬֮УѸٵ꣬Ͷ壬Ļ롣
ѣԶĶ࣡
ûԸ˳Ϊˣֺ˿Գܣ
ЩͷԺзӶ˼ܿͻعǰսѾ޴ı仯
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ֻգ۵ʱ䣬ųɷʸͣͬ޴⻷ļӳ£֮ƣ·һ㣬ͶҵײһͬʱݺݵĴ뵽˶ԷĴ֮С
ϣ
ɱ
ս˻ɱ׵Լײڶ·ʤֻƬ̣㱻׵˺ѣҽţ׷˴ֲֿĹԺͳײɳȥ
ЩײɲǾѾǶϽۣڸ
棬˴ŭײһֳһ˿Գܵġ
סס
סǣ
˭ˣȥ
Уһ־ŭУгһӣһһսܾ˼˾ʿ
еһж޷ֹĻң
ɴ֮ҡ
ʮٲǧ֧ﲻ룬ÿǰһͽĻɢһ֣׷ȥսܵţŭȵĽ춼ҵȺЮţȥ
һԶûн
ڣͬ޴󽫾˼ĿһֱעǰȻӳĴĳͽȫռƣ˼ûиԷ˼
棬ͬһ㣬һһԲöдϢ֮Ӧһʤ׷׵ĻԷ
Ҳͬһ

˼۾һУһɺƺƵľ糤һ㣬Ȼͷ
˼΢΢һ㣬漴һ̤⻷֮ͬ㣬ƿն
ͬޣ
ͬޣ
ͬޣ

գս¡¡һ˻Уͬͬ׹һ㣬ȻŰ˼һ𣬴Ӹڳɱ
룡
ֻ룬˼ͬԲ˼ĸ٣Ȼ뵽˶˴о֮С

ֻһҽУֻһ˲һǰֽͬƬ㣬˼ͬУȻ˺Ӵзʮɸߣ¡һȻʮĴ֮С
ͬ޲򣬹򲻿ɵУ
ʱ˿̣ۼͬѾﵽ򣬵˼ͳԳ֣չֳ˾֮ǰͬڸµǿս
¡
ֻһٰǧʿƲ㱻ײա
ЩûؾѾֱײˡ
һ
ģ


ǰʱ䶼ѾԼα
ʸͣȫ
˼ıһսϿըؼĿ硣
ϣ
ս˻ȱڳ֧Ʊı䷽ȫ棬ͬķ
飡
һܼײڶǰ󲻹̶ʱ䣬֧ϱѸ䴩ͬһ壬սϹһ޴ķʸС
ʸ԰˼ͬΪʸ⣬ں󷽸棬γɲ
ʮ˵ķʸͣʱһ֧ǰδеľ޴ʸѾԶǰев
رǷʸ͵ʸ⣬ڰ˼µͬǧȻֻˣɢȴ缸ʮıȫ档

һĲҽϴսϴֻһ棬оͱ䴩
ʱһƬңֻѸоɢ
ͣ
һϬĵʱѪ䣬Уһӭɲʱ˴еڣϵͬȫһնϡ
ɲսʿʬھ޴Ĺ·ɳʮԶ
ͬװȻȲҲȫǧÿһ׶˴ʱ;һһ
ҲͬһҪԭ
ۿ׵ļ̺ͱķͬʳ˵ľҲ硣
飡
սսײ뵶⻷⻷𵴣һײڶֻƬ̣˼ĴѾնɱʮ
һĻԶľͷ׷ױɫ
Ȼ»ɽú֯俪˴Ƶĸݣ˶ķһģǴͺ±俪ĳǽһ㡣
ָоִַŭ
һʱ䣬˵鶼ʡѡ

ͬʱսǰߣԭһǧѹĿкһ˲һݶ
󣬺䣬ʯ쾪ǾһԲɢһϢͬŭһ㣬Ծ
˵Ķ뻮һһˣǹƺޱȡ
ϣ
ǾԾͬʱǧս⻷ǽ±ս⻷˴˸ԶȴֻӦһ޴塣
Ǵ
ǺµĶ󷨣Ҳһδκث֣Ժ̍ͥ񣬱ثһδε󼤽жĸ
ʮɣ
𣡡
ֻһ춯صŭǾϿŤӰ˵ĿУһͷ޴ĽɫͷͻȻƾճ֣˻𣬶ͷ޴ĽɫͷֵͬʱâһǾȫһƽĹâ
صĹâ뵽ǾϵĿ֮УֱӽǾϵĿ׶ͬһ㣬ޱȡ
һǣǾķɱֱӵԭ
ֹˣǲɫĹ⻪ͬˮҺһ㣬ӵеıϣʹЩǵķ̶Ҳӡ
ڲԭϣ˶֪ǾġִĲǡɫǡ֡˼
¡¡
𶯣Ǿ۵糸ȫۣǹѩһ㣬ޱȡ
һĻʱʿ񣬼㰲»ɽҲ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ͻܹͥȷʵ֮
ֻк󷽵ĸпǰս΢΢һ¡
ͬսǿڸ£ųµһǾȻǿƾһ֧»ǣ»Ҫ鷳һһ֧˲еľ񣡡
ͻȻŤͷһԵ


ڶǧһٰʮ 
ʨӲȫ֧ͬвС
ã
ԸеԥĴӦˣתһ
ս
а˲֣֮սһ֧ս侫еľֻܹǧˣһʿҲѡΪͥǿ
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ԶɽһɺХķѩӴӿڷѩ֮У𶯣һɳɷ񷡣
ϣ
ֻһ˻âһѩʿһ˳ߵĺϴؼףΧһƤĿ׹䣬ɷһ㣬ӱѩԾ
Ŀ磬ֻɨһΧһ̣ܵͬܵĳ־ţ׷һ㣬ȥ
ԶҲһʶĻعͷȥ
ش۸ӣ˺ʹƣ˴֮ǰҲйս
ܴսѪĴ󲿷ֶǾ
֧ȴһѾֻ׺ôˣЩĿ⿪ؼ䣬ֱͬް㣬Ҫ˶ɡ
һ֧Ѫȷ񣬶ҼΣյĲӡ
飡
һΪ׵֮ԽԽﶼһװ˳߶ߣ׷״ӱѩԾ

ЩˣΧĲԽˡ
ÿÿղ䣡
ΧĴ˻ţ׷ȥ
İ˲֮УսȽﻹ󣬲ΪǵսΪսϣĻˡ
ڶУÿһǻĶħ
ٺٺ٣
Ϊ׵죬ΧķӦһЦ¶һڰɭɭݡ
ԹôΨûгԹƵͬôǿĲѪζӦû᲻һɣ
Ϊ׵ղЦһĿΧջأܿӹؿռ䣬ǰսս⿳ɱͬ
ǿĶһִŵķһѼԦ
ݣ
һ̣Ϊ׵͵һһԽ˻Уһ·һڵ㣬Ŷȥ
ĳźš
䣡
ʯ쾪ܿ죬ǧɷԲ˼ٶǰսݶȥ
Ǭ棬Ҳְɣ
ͬʱǰҵս»ɽĿվЩģȻŷһɾڸԺе
ţ
гƬ̣ܿ˵ͷ
̫ͬˣƾ»һܹѹƣǬǰȥ֧һ֣ɹĸʸ
ܿ죬в΢ɲĴ˸ƣһǰ¡ǬһףӰԾһͬɱȥ
¡¡һʱ𶯣սĲ
ڲӴʱ׼֣
ͬʱֵ֧ͬʱûע⵽߾ʵԨͻȻŤͷѹһ߾佫
ڲӡ֣Իһ𣬵ֻһ˲˾͵ͷһ
ǣ
δ䣬Ѹתȥ
ڣ
߾۹ݵĹŴ顣
Դڲӣ߾۹ľӡ
֧Ӳǡǡ෴רģڹսУ֧ƾſֲĽɱĲ
һ֧ȫٳ̵ľ߾ڲҲԵĳȥƾֲĵȫնɱ
ԨĵսĶǣһ֧һֱںĸ߾ӻƶͻȻǰ
֧Ӻﶼȫͬûôߴ׳෴ֻңһЩĸ߾սףīխĳϢӿޱȡ
עĿģؿһ͹ӵӡǡ
ֵǣǳˣ
Ϊ׵ĸ߾佫ЦһĿѸսǰͬ
΢΢һ£꣬ȫǽڷһӵĴ졣
УεɱԽŨˡ

ү»ɽǱ߳ˣ
ڣȸ֧̳߶ĶͻȻڵЩǡ
ͬսӹɣĶⲿԶж֧֣࣬ͬԶͬɼв
ҪǣѾλ۹󽫿ʼˣ
û˵ֻǿǰЦ
սûô򵥣ǶѵͿԵģ»ɽҪʤûôס
˵ʱʱ죬廹ûпڡ
飬һֻͻȻ£ͬһʱ䣬һΰӰͻȻ
Ϸְɣ
ǸϷһɵģϷȥֲɣ
ثվĿ͸ǽȱڣŶսµǵӰ͸һ޺ɱ⡣
Դӱ»ɽƣᵽҹҹʱ޿̲ϴˢϵĳ衣
ث󶼻ûսϣڶȴһСƣڲΪЦûġ
尾ʹ࣬ĥں̵Ƕʱÿһ˵Ƕꡣ
Խ̣иŭԽʢеһУΪ˴ʱ˿̣ΪܹսЩ档
ثԭΪ岻״Ӧû뵽ֻǵȻһЦԥĴӦˣ
ˣҸʮĲողز⣬ٸսϣҲκεһ¡
ֻһҪ󣬻֣նɱԷʮĴ˿𣿡
ԣ
ث˫ĿѪ죬Ŷݴӳݷбų֡
ã
˵ͷٶ˵
ȸƣҴڵǶʮŴˣ
³Ȼһֱųơ۹ͻУʵֻһ˲Ƶϵ۹֮Ǿث
һŭűҵƵثһµɱ˻
ĳЩ棬ͨսثͬ޴󽫾˼Ҫµöࡣ
ث֮һֱں󷽣ĬỊ̆Ϊ˽еķŭѹۻֱʱų׵ͷų
۹ؽжô£嶼
ŴˣͿˣ
屳˫֣趯
ʮܿ콻ثУثĴ죬嶼ˡ
ৣ
âһثصսһǽȱڴʱ˲˵ע⡣
ثث
һؼףɫ䣬ڳǽȱڴثȺ˲һƬڡ
Զ»ɽԨġ˹ɺŮ˶Ƥһ¶Ϊɵɫ鼫


ڶǧһٰʮ еĲ
شڰ»ɽ֮ǰ󶼻ث־׹
ڰ»ɽ֮ڣثҲȻĿӵмǿ
ûбԭ򣬽Ϊث̫ǿˣ
֮ǰĶشսȻռһϯ֮أ˵ûʲôڸС
ȻثһݣһĹ߾ɡͻʺثһ֮ıľơ
ںثսĹУе۹۽һȱث򵽸۹½رɺǱثͻĹһ겻
ԭ˴˹һƬҵòһԿƣŸıһǧ޷ֵơ
һȺˣҲĳ棡
ثɱʵʣһŭȣսΪ֮һ
»ɽӣϷҪȡ
һ仰ثĿѪ죬Զİ»ɽ͸С
һɲثɱ죬Թ죬ŵԶİ»ɽ͸жһ鲻Խ
쵰
Ӧ»ɽ־£ֽŷĸо
Ȼ˷ѴƵıԸثҲǼƻе飬ٴοث»ɽȻ̲סܵĲһη壬ηͺèһӡ뵽
һʱһʱò
ֱߵĺ󱳣»ɽѹ
ţ
»ɽ˵ͷȴա
ǬӣΣƴ۶Ҫɵثٻš
»ɽҧ
»ɽĻ˶УԨġ˹ɺŮ˶ɫ졣
Ȼû˵ȴͬС
ⳡս˵ثԸˡ
ΪشԵĴڣثֻһѵݾҶڸ߾۹ͻʺɺľԼսȫָơ
岻ͬʵ̫Ϥˡ
ȥ취ɱث
ǲԼͬģλľȥͬ
Ҳ̸ثļɵԶĳǽثɱ죬ʮ֣ʹʧ⡢ŭĥثһָֻǱƵӡ

ثʣȵ
¡¡
ثһ̣غʮƲϴƺƵ糱ˮһ㣬ӳǽȱڴӿ
ɱ
һɱ춯أԶʮƾͻբһ֮Ĵȥ
ɣ
һɣ
¡¡
һ̣˫Ĵ˰ҵײһ
ϣ
˫ײһɲǣһɫս⻷ƺⶼܹȥ˲ثĽ±ɢϣثûб仯жʮսʿĽȴ˲⻷⻷£ʮϢ
õث⻷ļӳ֣ʮƲϴƻ˲˺˶˴

˴Уһ߾ʿֱֲӾͱһ
Ĵʿƻһ߾ʿ֮󣬼ǰɱȥֽʿ󣬸Ĵʿӿ
ʿܲݰ׷׵¡
סס
סǣ
һʿУ֯ߣĶܱ׷׻۶Ȼֻ¡һЩƬ̶ûмס㱻׻
ɱ
ث˫ĿѪ죬ɷ죬ĳһָһ֧Ѹɱǰ߳׳
䣡
䣡
䣡
ثͳ˧£ʮƾͬˮһԶӿݣͣĽٽзثɳĴ
ܣ
ܣ
ܣ
ثĹ£ӿ߽⡣
ⳡԾУثûʹκεıս󣬽ֻǲϵָӴٹѾЩ˴ˡ
ȻǴ֮
һĻ󷽣ипѡ
ϵثǴƾ̩ɽƽƽĴڣµĥ裬ûǷȥ˱µս
Ͽثֻǲͣôȫçһ㣬û˿ļʵϣֿƴǳָӱȴǶս񵽼ĸ֪
ָӴѡķλ͵صһĵط
ˣôЭı֮䶼Ȼ϶ثץסһ㣬ͣĹͻ֮ĻҺͷ϶ϵ˺
ɸıǾԾ֮ʦĵط°
Ȼ޷ֵ
¡¡
ʮƾ磬ثûôͽȫ
棬ӷ׷ɫ䣬رǰ»ɽһ佫ɫѿޱȡ
̍ѾȫûԭΪثݵϻһѾû̫вȻ뵽ڳʹ£ثȻ۷ʱڻ¡
⿴ð»ɽֱľ
Ǭ滹ôǬӣԿȫѹȥ
»ɽҧгݣЩץ
ث̫ˣɱֱʳѰ
˷磡
ʱһϸţͻȻӶߴͻȻǰ侲ð»ɽ˲١
ثڰ»ɽµӰʵ̫ˣһж޷ı䡣
Ѿ֣ҪԸثֻôǬӴһּ֧ɡ
Ȼͬھɳıثϣ취ѹث»ɽɿ־壬һ˷İ»ɽ¶ԴɵΣ
еĻڷã»ɽ̧ͷĿһƳȻսϳݵĴ֮⣬ĴҲڳثķƶ
ثĶʮʮıȥثֵʱĴѾĬγһŴثͳĴȥ
ȻثǿҲثսʱѸӦı仯Ͳ
һĻ»ɽ侲
ھͿǱˡ
а
ʤ
һڸŭеث̫ˣ̫˽⣬ʱڣҪɱǲܵģֻڴһˡ
һ򣬽ǾӰŰ˼ͬл֧ټʮĴɹͬܹ˳ƹƴƵķߣͨȱڹ뱤֮С
һثͣҲľ֧޷ս֡
һǬ˿ճӺثɱȥ֧ͬԽثĴ׳塣
壬ͿӦˣ
а
˼ثΪ壬øмɵں󷽵Ǹ˸߸ߵս£һֱڶûгֵ塣
ǰ˼ث˵׶ִֻĲԶѡ
رثĲ֣λյİ󶼻
ϢݣΪ˶Ըˡ
һֱǿҵֱһĳЩ֪ɱﵣǿʥֶֻΡ
ֻһʱ֮䣬벻ֶεʲô


ڶǧһپʮ ͬVS
¡¡
˼ʱԶһսս¡¡֧¶֮ԽԽڳİ˼˷ٱƽв
ɣñʱգǵƾʲô췴ΪУ
ֻһ˲˼Ͼͱһǿɱ⡣
ϣ
ֻһ˲˼еĳ߾٣ңңָ֧
дҳ
ߣԶ
˼ݣۻӴ쳹ս
ϣ
ս˻ʯ㼤Խڰ˼Ĵ£һ֧﷢
ֻ߽⣬ƣǱ򵥵Ҫ˼ȻԷֹĻᡣ
ٺٺ٣ǣЩ˹Ȼǡ
Զ˼ԼΪ׵һ佫촽¶һ˿ѪЦ
ǧʱôЦǼ
սϣǼʶ̫ĶˣΪ٣רҪǿһǱնɱ³
֧УΨ٣ȻҲЩǵԭ
ԸЩˣǸô
Ϊ׵佫
ɱǣ
˺ǵĺ
ǣ

һȺһ߳棬һߴЦ
ûɱǣǿ۽磬֪ʲô˲֮
¡¡
ӭŶԼͬǧЦţûкˣ֮٣ٳŶͬɱȥ
˫ľԽԽ
һɣ
ʮɣ
һ̣ĿУպͬޣ֧ǿ׺صײһ
䣡
û˿һɲǵײ⻷սסȫޱײһһɲʱ䶼·ֹҵײǹ˰ս
·һɲǣֺͣ˵עС
¡¡
𵴣ǧܼУȻסͬңƲɵĳֻ˫ţֽһһ
ͬûг
Ҳûг忪ͬ
һɲؼž˶һĻסˡ
ԶһĻҲüһ͸һ˿𶯡
֪ͬʵȴѾ¼ǿĶ
ֻ֧ǧˣȴֵܵסͬʢǿĳʼ棬ʵ֮ǿκΪ֮𶯡
ƾһ㣬֧԰ˡ
νͬ޲ˣ
˺ǣ
ǰλãһĿЦһ˫ַȻһѿס˶һͬսƾһֲͬ˴𣬺ݺݵ˳ȥĵϣ
ڲԶĵطһҲЦţ﷢һ˻𣬾һеĳ𿪶ͬķɲǣķ˶Ծ˶ͬȻȻ죬ͬҰһ㣬һҧסͬ¶ĲȻֱ˱ѪҺ

߷һĲҽУѪ硣
׺ݵսǰͬһƬɧҡ
սԼĵڶ֮ɱ뿪ԼսԷģ˵ЩҰ˰˾Ȼ˱˵Ѫ
°˼µͬǧĴ棬Ҳûս
пһĻˣһж𺳲ѡ
𺳵ǣĿǰǧҰһﵥ»Ҫ˰˼ͬ˾Ȼǿı֣Ǻܶģٶںܶ˵ȫʼϲ
ߣ
Ȼֻһ˲˼һ¹⻷𵴣һ͸Ѹչ
䣡
˺ڶݵĽ֮ͬҲչ¶ԼʵֻâһһͭɫȻնգһն˶ıͬ޳㣬һߣѸٻĲ
ţһ˶ͷ­תţҲŷ˳ȥ
ֱʱĶϾ۵һһѪһɶߡ
ôܣ
ֱһ̣׺Բ۾ŵĿԼͷ룬׵նͷ­
飡
ֱͷ­׹أһšššʮͬ屻ɱһڸоһ˿𾪣Ҳһ˿ҡ
ͬﶼȲϣսɣ֮ͬ仹ŲٵĲࡣ
ɱǣ
Ϊ׵һ˻һ˲۾ˡ
˵սɴ󿪴ϣǳǾôսսʤôĶ֣Ϊ˲֮׵Ƿ֮
еʽǧпţ¶ҲûȥӪá
ͬȻЩŵĿţնɱôͬ壬˵⻹ǵһΡ
ҲΪˣһ˲䣬еҲ˹ķս⡣
ΪзеĲ䣬׺ǿԽǿΪ˲֮׵͸ˡ
ԽǿĶ֣ԽܼǱصԡ
ϣ
ս˻һ˲ڵһͬӰ㣬ȼǱܣٶȶȻһأһеĳŶͬȥ
ۣһĸߴ󡢿ﻢţŶһٶ쭵ٵͬȥײɲǣϵﱻͬһݴ
ڱݴͬʱ׳˷˳ŶԷĳǰһͦùǯסԷĳ͵һͬͱ˶ͬ塣
ۣһصͬӶͬĺ˳
Ѫɽ𶯡
˭Ҳû뵽ЩﾹȻʹ֡ͬھʽԸͬ
ۣ
һ˲䣬˫ϵͬ׷׹ͬǰֱӴ𣬷Ծͬ
һʱ䣬һƬҡ
ﱾʵǿһˣѪԣͬҲκεǡ
ʣ
ͬ޴󽫾˼ʱҲǰŭѣִ򷨣ԼԼԷͬҲҪʧǧˡ
ͬ޲򣬹򲻿ɵУ
ͬ˱٣һʧﵽǧˣͬһһּش
ͬһܹ£ľͣһȺҰǰˣʧȥƣԺƾ¡
ۼס֮ͬС
˼ŭȵ
ĳһӣһƥĵնֱӽʮնϣѩʮɸߣһ̣Ű˼ͬζȻһ䡣
֮ͬУ
ͬһսͣҲ̫ʱͬһΪԸǿеͣʱսٴγ֡


ڶǧһپʮһ һҫȺǰ
ϣ
û˿ףһڤڤУһεƿնһ̣ͬµĹ⻷һ壬һϵ
һÿһͬµͬ޹⻷֮УһϸСӰ
ԭ˴໥ҳͬͻȻһ˦৵һ£һӵչٶȶһأȻͬһ㣬սϻһ޴ĻΣܹǰ棬ͬһ⵶㣬֮ǰٶȣǧĲݺݴȥ
¡
һɲؾţֻһܼײһεͬԼĸٻᣬϵܼײ֮ǿײײɢС
Сģ
תͣסǣ
ҪǳɢΣ

һ󻢺쳹أ˾޶Ҳ֪濿ľǼһɢΣͣƴǿ󣬶һûá
ΪܶԿ塣
˵ķӦ̫ˣһжѾˡ
սսԵĲϣͰ˼øһ
¡¡
ֻһգۣԭңֻ֪ǰɱ˲ͱ˼쵼ͬ޴׳ɢˣܼײУֵ̿Ĳҽڶ
̶ֻʱ䣬ǧƵﱻͬСײɢս̤ˡս¡
ʱһƬң
һĻ棬˶ɫر֮ǰɫѿޱȡ
֪ƥоųµһġͬϾһʼͲԵȣ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ֮ܵ졣
˼ḻָӾ飬ڴʱ˾޴á
ⷽ棬ζܺʹġ
ϣֹǣ
ɿ⣬ݴǬ濴һĻкһٴǰȥ
ǧϵش󣬾ͬ˷ֻ߽⣬ƣ
ĻҲһ֧
¡
ۣǬӰ˲ӹսһؽݺݵز֮ͬУͬһʱ䣬գͬʱ조ǾһҺͬͬ˵Ĵ֮С
λ۹󽫼ͬʱⳡΣգŸԵı뵽սС
ȫ
˼쳹ء
¡¡ս¡¡Ű˼ͬ󷽣ƾѸһߣԹأǬĴ
̫ͬ٣ȱݣΪӦԴʱ
޷ͽӰ࿹⣬ڰ˼˵ҪܶԷֻҪƬ̣ΪͬȡһʱͻᣬǾ㹻ˡ
ľӻûʵ˼ţѵıһУ
¡¡
ֻգ۵ʱ䣬˫ıܼ꣬ҵײһ

󷽣ѩ׷ףսƮ
ս£帺ֶͶɢһµȣث˼ȳʮĴ󽫣ڴʱǰҪμ穣磬˵ˡ
½Ⱥ֮ۡ
һҫȺǰ
Ǵʱ塣
һδεĥͽ÷ޱȡ
ˣ
ԣǰȻһЦ
һֱעǰսثͰ˼ĴѾɾ޴в˵ЩԶԶ
ȥ׼
忪ڵһƵᡣ
أ
һ̣һĺŽһ˿ĲȻӸڴ
ⳡսʼ⻹ǴƷһδֽĺ
ৣ
Զ£»ɽԨġʩɺŮڣ˶Ƥһ׷׿սһˡ
¡¡
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬𶯣Ĵ֮һ㣬׷ͨȱǰ
ˣ
Ԩͫһǰɵޱȡ
˼ثȻԶû£֮һֱ֣ľ塣
ֻҪû˶ҵġ
˾޴սһƬĬ˶ĶŶ壬λıĴʦʱҲ֮ǰȻͬ
ʮ
˳ǵĴƱثʮ˼Ҳͳʮ˳ءԷһʮıڣ㳲
ʲô
д˷
֯ö޴ȻĸƳȱڣǸݵķΧ̫ˣȱڻԺݵܹͳ幹Ӵ󷨡
ʮر廹ȫܹسڣóڵκս
۴ķ濴嶼û뿪ݣɡ
ñʥƺܾʱûô򵥡
¹ϵıʥߣǷ֮
ˣ
ʱƺҲ˸е˼Ŀ磬͸գѸ˸ϣƳһۣЦЦ
飬׼޲ǽ
΢΢һЦһֱ̧ͻȻͷҲص
ǣ
յһѸתȥ
ڣѸж
䣡
һ춯صĸͻȻӸڴʮ֮Զһ̣𺳵ĿУһ޴ĸģȻڱݳǽȱڴ
Ĺ飬һֳפصľʿҲѸٳ˶ǽ
ǽڣŨ̹죬ڼҵսҲԵĿޱȡ
ϣ
һǧĹȱڴһֱӲжǽȱĲ֣һ˿ʼװµĳǽĳǽԭĳǽһģһȻһ塣
Ҳܽź֯ڵɵĳ˳
ܣĴԼ֭ڻڶ֮ͳĹٶȼ侪ˣ̶ֻʱ䣬ǽȱڴѾ˵һȦ򵥵ĳΡ
һĻԶ񹤳϶ıɫ
УʹõȻֻС͵ģҲҲһʱմš
СѾ񹤳ܹ֯ڵȫˣô׵޲ըǽֵ޷ģǾôװ˷ˣ
ֹ
񹤳תˣе
һòѣ˶˳
ɹ޲ǽʱٰѴسУ֮ǰŬͰװ˷ˣ˫ֻٴν뵽ΧųǽսС
Ѿɥʧʮȥʮ
ɱǣ
»ɽ𵴣ȻȣһӴľϳ
ѵΪκβʮ𣿣
¡¡ƺܵ»ɽеķŭʱ䣬еܲǵصĴѩͺԽˡ
ȥȫ
˹ɺҲĿһǰȵ
Ѿû·һսֹȨᣬǶˣֻҪܹɱ壬ƽҲ˿Եֵǡ


ڶǧһپʮ ͻǻʹ⻷
أ
ˣ
һսĺͺŽ춯أͬʱս
ԭһıפغ󷽣ʱ·񳱰㣬ǰȫƽ
¡
ıȫٳǹǵأɽض·ܲס𶯣ʱһ㡣
ֹˣϣս˻ԭսµ˹ɺԨģڣȫĿ䣬Ϣɭһ׷ϸԵԡ
̫ʵҲǿ󣬽ƾǰߵĽ죬Եֵֻһ֣п塣
˶һ˿ϣڴ
죬Ϊֹ˹ɺԨģ˶ûкλµһʥйκν˵ˡ
Ӣ۵Ѫȵģ˶ǾͬʱҲ۾뢣˱Ϳһҵս
¡¡˲ԨԼ߾۹ı˹ɺʮ׷׳ǰ߳ȥ
սǹɱ˲Ũ
ԶɽϮĺƣȴֻǵȻһЦ

һӣֻǼ򵥵´˽
ʮ뻮һһֻȴ쳣ᶨĲһ޻صĳǰսȥ
ڴнͬʱ

ͻȻͬˮ˷ֿ¶мһ֧صĲӡ
һɫԼǼļغâ˲Ϣ䣬սе׷ױɫ
󣡡
һֵ̿˻ս𣬻ա
־߰սϴ׷ȥһѾˡ
䣡
һһƿնЮŻԵ
һһŵʿ·𵾲һ׷׵¡
ϵ׷·ֽƬһȫ𲻵˿赲á
ӿսڣպɽͳ󳵲ڶܳ赲£ûзӶã󳵲ã»Ů½رš
ʱ̫ãȫˣʵƻһ֧µɱûá
ֻսڣһѾȫͬ»ɽ׼Ķܳһ룬֮ǰսУӻնɱܳսʿ
ȻսȻ൱Ķ̶ܼܳȺ֮ǰѾȫͬն󳵲ӵвҲ͡
ţ
ǰպɽֳֳɽǰʿսЦ
ΪʹһЩ󷨵Ķܳǯ󳵲
󳵲ӲֻǼ򵥵ķѣЩδѴ̫ˣ
䣡
ֻһһһŵ˸ĺ⣬ٴ
֮ǰͬһ˱ܹǰеĶܳ׼˶֮ܳĿ϶׼
飡
һ䣬߰ǧʿԶûһӦء
ţ
պɽɫᣬٴ
һǧˣ
ٶȼֱˡ
ɱǣ
ٵ󳵣
Ҫȫ˶
һʿִС
պɽĲ̫ˣ
ѹôãֻҪ΢ǻᣬպɽ󳵲ӾͿ˲䷢ӳ˷ָ
ҪǣĴľǰӿ˸·ˡ
ɱ
ۼ·ӣҲӳ󳵵ΧͻĿĴ̼£׷ȥպɽ󳵲ӳɱ
սԶȱηʿǴƻˡ
¡¡ս˷ƵĴպɽڵλӿֹˣеĶܳҲڼǰӿƴȫȥ󳵲ӵΧһ˲䷴ֵպɽ󳵲Ӵվ
˫ľʵ̫ˣ
ߣ
ȻһĻպɽֻһЦ
̫ˣΪƵ۹պյɱûа׼óȻǰôĽԣ
ܱ
պɽкһͻȻȵ
䣡
δ䣬󳵺󷽣ϣֻգۼ䣬һߴĴƶֳܱضܣݺݵڵϣ󳵲ӵǰγһεĸϡ
󷽣Ķܱܼ֣ͬĹһ㣬ʱ׼
һлԶûн
ϣ
ֻһԽս˻պɽ󳵲ӵһӶӾĴɷʸͣһ֮ƣȻɱ˶ӿη֮С
ɱ
崣ں󷽣ϣ
һ򵥵һպɽ󳵲ɱһ㣬һֳɱȫʰĸɸɾ
սЩαɢһʩչµĵطһ֧û͵Ĵǰֻѣں֮ڶ㲻ϣûʲôв
պɽ󳵲ӹǿȴޱȣҲһ㣬ָʮͬʱȱݾѱ׵ֲˡ
ǰ
ƽٴηһ
֧Ҳٴζ
ʮ·һӴĻ˾̾ķʽǰƽܱ󳵲ӣ֣ͳͳȻеһ֡
ȻǰһܼܷƥĴƳɫС棬ͣǰƽ
պɽͳ֧󳵲ӳΪܻĲλ֧ǿ˫ۡ
ÿνʱպɽ󳵲ЧķʽոȵԷ̹ʱʮӲɱȥ䲻ƥĳʰо֣ûκ˿Եֵ
󳵲ӣܱϵķʽ򵥵ȴЧûʹκθӵսƾϹһһ
·ոĵһ㣬׷׵ȥ


ʮ
ٶԶеľˣ߾ݱͻʱ˺ˡʿʬǧۻɽɢս
ʮƾƲɵľͷݷ˶ɫ
ôȥǵıȫԨģ»ɽ·㣬ֹ
ѩŰХ˹ɺϣе
Դӵǻ֮ѾܾûϹսҲûôǿҵսһ̣˹ɺȴоǿҵΣ
ٲᱻɱ⣬ͬյĴʳ۹һ㡣
ϣ
˹ɺһһս⻷Ѥö貣籩Ѹչս
еʿϢ𵴣һʵʱ
ͻǻʹ⻷
ǴഫһּǿĹŴ⻷ǿ󣬿Դʿʵ̶Զеĵ۹󽫹⻷
Ψһȱǻʩߵģһ㲻ǳҪĹͷʹã˹ɺѾ˲ôˡ
ͷ̫ʢٲʩչԺҲûлˡ


ڶǧһپʮ 
ϣ
ڴͻǻʹ⻷£ԶĽﶼܵ˹⻷ӳ֣һϢǣϣһ棬Ȼʱѹ˶ͬ
ѾþûôѪڣôڴһսˣ
壬Ҫʧ
һ࣬ԨĻһ½ǣһǽڵžУһ˫Ŀ˶塣
䣡
һ̣Ԩĵһȼգͬһʱ䣬һϺɫĹ⻷ţţѸս
֮
Ǹ߾۹˵ǿһŹ⻷ҲԨһΣбˮУһˮ׶֮еõĿѧ
ڸ߾ʷϣǿս⻷ʧһǧ꣬Ԩƾ˳ɾ˸߾۹ǿսĳƺš
ڸ߾У֡һ˼ϡ
£Ψϣ
ֵ⡣
䣡
ԨĴ˻һǧĸ߾ʿ¹⻷֣ͬʱϵͬȼա
ÿ˶о·עһһ˲˶оһ㣬·зйʵҲֱһأһֹ޲ս޲ʤ·е˶һĸо
ɱ
߾Ӫʿһ˵һ·һĵһ㣬ŴƵķȥ
һ˲䣬ث˼˳ܵѹʱӡ
˹ɺԨĳ֣Ŀ껹λµľҲʮ
һǧɣ
ɣ
˫ľԽԽ
Ǭӣ
ӭƮľ޴ս£»ɽһ˿˵ɱͻȻڵ
ѵھʹ󷨣
һͻȻڵ
ֻʮеһ֧ҲΨһһԡġĶ֡
֮Զ԰»ɽ͸⣬ҪΪеһá
ԹΪģжӣʩչһǿƥĹŴ󷨡
ǰ»ɽӡ족һѾʧǿѧͬʱҲǰ»ɽ͸мƻ磬Ƶɱﵡ
Ψһǣ˵ļƻУŴʩչʱڡ
ȻսȻٶʵ̫̫ˣ
ţ
ǰ»ɽص˵ͷĿʼڶǵӰϣ
ѾòٵˣƺԮûеǻǵûᡣ
»ɽ侲ߵڣ»ɽƾľֻǽңھϣ»ɽͬԼжϡ
ã
гƬ̣ϣܿ˵ͷ
Ȼ֮ǰݵʱΪǰڵսϣѾۼ˴ʮѾ죬ʱ򷢶ʱҲˡ
󶥼۹󽫣ֱǴǬӡǬ桢ˣԴǬΪףǬһֱںָӣûйֱӲǰս
ʱյ»ɽǬңԥˡ
ݣ
һȣǬһͬһͷԾһʮɡ
Χһ֧ɭɭϸǺɫߣϢ磬ͬ籩ݶƿն
Ȼǹ
Ϣ֧ȵĽǾﶼҪǿ
֧ͬʱΧ̹ȻֳڶӰ
ֹˣŹĳ֣ݵشеĶҲűڶ
ڤڤУź͸߾ıѸٻΪһŴʮΧȥ
УɱŨҵ˼㡣
ǣ
һЦ۹·˷ãã纣ޱ޼ʵԼΧв˿
ʱˣ
΢΢һЦ˵һֻԼõĻ
ǡ֪Ծ䣬׼󣡡
һ̣ͷҲص
ǣ
̶ʱ䣬ޱȵ
ݣ
ǡ֪ԾתͷŸͳıȥ
ֻƬ̣ͳıĴƱ֮
ʮԭһֱں飬Ĵдһ̣ǰߵպɽԼûж֮⣬бμһĻ䣬ѸŶȥ
һжϢнУû̫
ҲĶһ࣬ɱڣԽԽ
ɣ
ɣ
룬ѾԿǿ󳵲Լ󷽺Ⱥպɽ͸oķ塣
ˣ˹ɺԨģ˫ͳͳû˿⡣
ȸɵ󳵲ӣϽɱƱ
ϣ˹ɺĿһ߼ٳͬʱһһӴľƿնͨһԨġ
ã
Ԩ绢ֻ˼򵥵һ֡
ϵһյ֣һУҧסͬʱ·ָ󷽣ʩչԳķġ
ԨĵܹԶֻ嵶ڵҲΣյһû֪ʩչ
ܹʹ֮٣ܹģҲˡ
ݣ
λ۹ʵ۹⻷ϢƵڶ佫սϵ籩㣬ǰƶ˵ע⡣
һɣ
ʮɣ
սһ͸߾۹Ӵѩһ㸲ѹ
Ȼʱ򡪡
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬Ԥϲ鷢ˣ󳵲ӵĺ󷽣û˿ףҡضڤڤУһɾͬһʱ䣬һɾ޴ʮϿը
ƹھǧɵĸ߿֮УȻֳģӰԾ˵ٶȼʵ

ĹӰУһǧ׵ľ˦ţƣ˵Ұ֮У˵ע⡣
ֻһ˲䣬ʮƾɢɱϢŨʮֹ
󣡡
֮Уȫٱʩɺһ𣬵ͺһϳͻ

ִʩչ³ֵĻ˹֮սΪǴ󽫶˼ˣ£رǶ˼ͻ֮͵͵߻ħʹ˲֪˲
Сģʩչ󣡡
ֹǣ
ʩɺһݣһǿΣС
ȻԶڶ˹֮սʩɺռ˴һսϢرʧ
һսȻҲʹù󣬵ȣȫͬ
УƬķΧʵ̫ˣԶԶ˹֮ս
յ壬󻹲죬ŸոʩչѾкܴˣķΧô󣬻ʲôʩɺȥ
ʩɺһָоɹ롣
¡¡
ʯ䣬û˿ԥʩɺ˲䱬ڵͳŴһ⵶㣬ķ򼲲ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬߾ʵԨ嵶֣ʩɺϬϣľӼлȥ


ڶǧһپʮ ʮħ
λʵ۶ǴʬɽѪ֮ɱģḻӦǺ֮죬λʷǰĶ֣վһС
ǵ˷󣬾ǱϿô⡢򵥡
ǵȥʱ򣬾Ѿעķ˭Ҳ޷ֹģʩɺ˼ٱҲһ޷ֹ
¡
Хض·˺ѣ˵ĿУУԭģӰֻ˲䣬Ȼʵޱȣһ̣ڿʲô
һϵħս
ƺ֮Уޱȣ޴ͬɽͰħʬ壬ˣ飬鲼⴦սЩħеͷۣееīаޱȣеĹâ財ҫ𡭡
ǵ׶еףµѸ˥ܣ׹ɭɭе类ʬ֫ͷ­
⴦޴ħսУɫɫѪҺ罭һ㣬ֲޱȣȴۼ
͵ħꪡᦡ·ʲôĶնһ㣬֮飬սԼħʬ塣

⴦ս룬һֲͷƤ׵˺֮ս룬Ũҵĵطڿħս˿־Ķ
һǧɳڳ£ɫɫħѪУ
е·ɢ飬նϵкħʬǶѻɽһۿգɢżµͿ־壡
һ˲䣬˶ʱ׹նɱЩħ⴦սģֲУ
϶ӴħսսϿճֳʱһɲʱ䶼·ֹˡ
˶ֺ˵һĻסˡ
ʲô
һɲжֳ𾪡
ԭɱʩɺԨҲо𶯡
˼ʶ㣬Ȼ֮ǰʧѾǧûʩչٻЩ棬ǺƴħսԼħʬ壬ԼǱµС
еһж˵
ܣϰСķˣôֶܻ
ʱ˿̣𶯵Īں󷽵ġ񹤳ϡˡ
ⳡ˵ս漰˼۹㼯ıﵽ֮ڣ񹤳ҲһֱϹۣ֮Աǵ̬ȡ
Ϊ߸ϵΪʲôҪⳡ֮ս
Ͼеһжڱ
ǰеķ˶ֻӰˡ
ǵ󷨳֣ȫƷ񹤳ϵ֪
ֻ󣬾ӦóħĻ
ħֶǻҲֻƾɵġ
ŶǸʩչѾﵽһ£һԶԶ󣬹Īľ缶Ѿħء
֯ڲصЩѾʧǿŴ󷨣ԶԶ޷֮ȡ
ôͼֽȴûпֻ֪κжļأ

һ˾ӦձҪǿ
һ̣񹤳ޱȣҲûԭƽ
һԵİ»ɽ͸񹤳ϣͬޱȡ
˲˽Զʲôȴ˽֯У߰ޱȵġ񹤳ϡ
̫ʼ˵񹤳ѧʶԨԼ࣬֯ںսصĶͳͳ֪
˺ദǵһοʧ̬
ʣڷ󣬿±ĻҪµöࡣ
죡󷨣ˣ
񹤳϶Ȼع񣬳Ű»ɽ͸еϣ˴δ˾ŵɫ
Ȼս˲Ϣ䣬񹤳ŭνǴŴħսֵʱһѾע
¡¡
û˿ԥһ̣崣һ˫̫֮Ҫ˲䷢
ʮħ
ĩʱһǿ󷨣֣֮һγϡ
󷨴ɹʱΪ֮ϲȻȴԽǿ󷨣Խ̡
ĩһںʮ󷨵Ĵ֮ķ˵ѪǰΪŻѪľԪ֪
ȻĩʱΪߵƻ̫ܵĴˣ˲ſݽߣ㣬Ȼ޷ʩչ󷨵ʹôԵһ֣˵һ޴ź
ͬʱҲź
֮Ҳı󷨵ˣżǰŻѪɵǿܹ˼䣬Ҳôǰ
ֻϧһֱ졣
ʩչҪľǿڹ͸Ҫ󼫸ߣһҪĴԴҪ䱸ġ󷨡ףһ˿ġ
ҴܹʮɢڸطʩչžʮħҪʮҪɣ̸ף
ͨ㲻Ҫ
»ʵǻƴбټϴĲ֧֣Լܹеʦʦĩһգϱеź
¡¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬û˷Ӧһɿ񱩵ƥޱȣȻݺݺ뵽˶ɱĸ߾ʹ֮С

󷨵ļӳ£ȫٳһ̣ȴײһεǽǧﱻһɿֲ𣬸߸ߵɳȥ
ǹǿбе˴ȫѪڵѪ·𱻵㱬䣬״ޱȡ
Щ˿ھͺ񱻳ǧ̹ܵԶֹˡ
䣡
һ߾ʿսɱھ뻹ɵʱϵĸ߾ʿͻȻݶ£ھ޴Ե£ƥսԼߵٶȳƷ
߾ʿжڵһ˫չΪһҫ۵ĵ⣬һͷް˽ƾ֮С
Ǹ߾۹ǵĲս
߾۹ũ壬ʿ֮ʢеʱ򣬴ΪսԶ̱Ӽ׺սȴȫƴЩԭ塣
ԨѴһ֧߾ӣΪϰԣʧܸա
󲻵ѣԨĲŷս
ʱ򣬸߾ȫ棬ֻ࣬󽻷ʱ룬Ϸݶ
ˣսɿԳԷӪҶԷ߾ʿû˶Է
նȣնо
ƾսԨľȻһһӲڶռһϯ֮ء
棬ٶȴﵽ޺󣬴սϷ˶£кܴΣգҲԡɼĳ˺
Ǹ߾ʿȴܽжϵػܽԼ
۶Ҳֻи߾۹ܴΧһ㡣


ڶǧһپʮ ѹȺۣ
һ߾ʿ˫֣ҪƵĲʩչ˵׻Ҵͣһж˵ļ졣
Ȼḻĸ߾ʿûп
䣡
ͻȻ䣬һɺ˵ڣ˴У뵹ɳȥ꣬һĹҲͬʱڴһ˲ڵĹࡣ
ֻڵѪ
ôܣ
߾ʿ۾һֱʶڰһ̣ûԼôġ
ʼգûкκ˽Ӵ

һɲĻԼһɳȥĸ߾ʿ
ֲ
𺳣
ֻһ棬͸߾۹ͱʿ
ûս
ûɱ
ȫһ浹ѹܶû׷ʲôѾ
ôܣ
һ̣˹ɺҪͣˡ
һУδսʩչĶѾԶԶսķ룬˹ɺҲȥ
ͻȻֶƾѾĳֿ¡ƥеĶ
ȫǣŹ󷨣ʮħʱһоѾ޿赲
䣡
Ĵ׷ױײɳȥǳжײɵþжԶܵƾжء
һһһһ˹ɺԨ쵼Ĵһľͬ߹һ㣬ǽ¸ӵĹ⻷ж٣ҲЩ⻷жô貣ֻһ˲䣬ڡʮħ󡱵ǰ׷顣
ɱ
ۿǰĴƾƲɵһֹѩƺɨǧ޿˵ĶͻһᣬȻǰȥ
˵ɱһƻǵĴ󣡡
ӶͻĿѸ˴Եһ֧ʮ˵Ĵƶ飬һеĳɱȥ
ȣ֧ƫøԶҲĻᣡ
һǧʮֻҪٵһǣܹһϵƻݻٴڸ˵Ѿȫˡ
ͻʲȱʿ
¡
ֻһգۣ˫صײһ
ôܣ
Ȼֻһ˲еĶͻȫ𺳵۾
ײǣ˸оԼײеĲһ֧ʮ˵Ķ飬һ֧ǧ˵Ķ顣
ʮ˵ͨһǿò˼顣
䣡
䣡
䣡
ֻƬ̵Ľͣһ̣һǧ˵ĶͻһŽһţӶı߸ײɳȥȻֱֽĴƾӣβС
ۣѪ꣬ۿǻˣ
һǧǧǧ
սʿųţıɳȥսͬ鲻ݣڴƵġʮħǰûһ֮С
һ̣˶ˣ
ˣ
û˼ս
ʩɺԨĴ˿ҲһƬҡ
һУǳʱԤϵȫͬ
˹ԨģȻˣͱˣ
֮УֻǼλһû֣ҿǵǺܾˣ
ʱһЦؼδ䣬嶸Ȼεض˹
ʮħԳһ壬Ҫһֱ֣ʱѾȫɡ
˹ɺԨľȻҪΧɱֱЦ
廹ûлԸǣ˻ᣬŹ
䣡
ʯ䣬ӥᣬֻһӹؿռ䣬ֱ˹ɺȥ
Сģ
֣Ԩɫˣ룬һµսУԨֱԼĴ㳯˹ɺķȥ
£
ͬһʱ䣬жͻʺ佫оһӴΣգ׷׾г
µһʥɱ˴ʳ񻰹̫׵ĴڣС
󣡡
ͬһʱ䣬˹ɺҲоΣգǿֲɱ̼ͷƤ飬ͷҪ
ֻǴʱѾ޿ˡ
ʹ󣡷
˹ɺͫһ͵شһ
壬Ҫսһս
һ̣˹ɺŷ˲䱬һɿֲĽɫԵޱȣ罭㣬˹ɺϳֱء
䣡
˹ɺѸ۳һʮɳĽɫһʿգ֮ٳȥ

ͬʱĶͻ佫ҲŴӴڿն˹ɺһ屼ȥ
ֹˣ˷ͬʱ޾˷ʮĶͻʴϱŷͬٴ뺣ۣΪһͷϳǣɽ壬һͫаޱȵĽɫߡ
͹ߣ
Ƕͻʴ˵ߣӵмӴܣʹԴΪ⣬󷨣Ҳͻʵ
һ󣬾ںϴ֮һϣͻʺֻ˹ɺһ˿ʩչ
꣡
õʹļӳ֣˹ɺĹž죬·ͬʱ˵ϢԽ˾ƣֱϴﵽ΢΢״ﵽ΢߽ס
ٽڶණͻ佫֮ʱһӴ󡢲ݺӵ
ûõģ
ȻУ״ֻǴЦһȻһȭ
䣡
һɰ̺޾ıѩ֮Ȼڱ˹ɺȫһʹԼڶͻʽײһ

ֻһҽУֻһʩɺԼڶĶͻ佫һ߷ݰ׷׷˳ȥ
ǰ˵ȫѹһ֮С
ײɲǣоԼײһͭޱȵɽ͡
ܣôǿ󣡡
Хоڴǿҡ·ľʹУʩɺɲһ˿ǿҵ𺳡
һκ彻֣
֪ǿһʼȫԸȴûеĴţȻǿֵز
õˡ֮ںԭ佫Ȼһ֮У
ʩɺмȻڴʱһǿҵΣдӿ
УӸ£һָָҲ룬һ¡
Ҫ
Ǿʩɺκλģ
ֻҪɱԶͻʴɺܴʿ𺳡
䣡
һɰХ££û˿ףˮ˷ֿʮһ·ӰϢԾ˵ٶȱ屻˹ɺɲǣֱ˶ȥ
ز֮ŭ
ڤڤУһֻ޴ķīԿһɫġd֣ȻЮ֮ٺ塣
ֻ޴ķУӰ֣գۼ䣬һ߰˳߳УпѪ⣬㳯ȥ
һüΪͻȻȵ巢ֵʱѾߡ
ֹˣӷƵϢ̺ʮ߰˵ͬϢЩȫϢڵصײ֪ݷ˶ãʱͻȻѣ˼ν
̫֮ף
ͬһʱ䣬һȴ߾ʵԨľԶҲڴʱ˹
գۼؼͬ۳һ޴ķ籩Хȥ


ڶǧһپʮ 
Ԩķѵʱǡô͵صɱЩ˱˴ϣĬ
Ҵ˫Ԩƺ֪صЩ˵Ĵڡ
ҸգĿйâֻ˲Ϣ֮Ѿ׹
˹ɺ춫ͻڽǰԼע⣬ԨĺЩص׵ĸֻںһϮɱ
һУȻȼƻõġ
ЩͷԺзӶܿع
ߣЦ
һߣ˲֣
ɹ
ڤڤУ𵴣һ¥̻Ի̫ͣͬâţס塣
䣡
˷Ѹӿݺݵĺϻ˵ٻʮϡ
ʱ˿̵Ѿȫûʮ֮С
ˣ
ǺƺƵ壬ȴһնһ㣬糤һ㣬ûʮ֮УĴɹա
ֹˣʮӵزطбŷѪھ廹һɶʱʮ죬Ҳ·һͭǽһ㣬ȫ赲
ȣɹҲѱ¯ĵزҲ̥ǣһߵľ磬£Ҳֻܹˣָ֮䣬ô籩ĹգΪá
ã
оԼĹţ뺣ȫʧǾ޴ĵزطУһźۣͷǹڵߣһݣ֪
Ϊ̫ˣߵԶԶǵĹ㡣
ж֮ǰݹΩûϵ徹Ȼƾһ뻯ĹӲеĹΡ
𺳵ǣж֮˾ͿǹĹ¼产ˣж˻˵ʮӵ߰˰ʷǿƥ
ʮڵزطеѪУÿһƥնɱڶ͸ľ֣вӵ⻤ѧǿߣĺΪ֮
ĸҲһ޷赲
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽ʮڵȻƾ贿͵ֵ
ʮ޷롣

Ϊ׵ĵǿߵͺһڲ⡣
̫ǿˣ֮սܹ̫׵ʱҪǿö࣬ǸǿԶԸ˵ġ
ߣߵ𣿡
һЦؼǳһ̣ǿߴ׼ٴʩչݵ֮µʱ򵥵һƻ
䣡
û˿Ļɣǽ֮ǰɹյͬ򵥵ĺ

ֻһҽУʮ͵͵ӵصɱĶͻʵǿߣһ·߷һ㣬׷׷˳ȥ
ǻԵǰ˵ķ΢˫֮ʵر
飡
߰ǿضûУһڰҵıը
һûҪǻ
ԨģҲһȥǰɣ
ʰЩǿߵͬʱҲûԨģɫ䣬ͬһĳһ̣һɻص籼׳ԨϮȥ
һĻԨͫŵһǿҵϢ
ˣԨҲе
ն
Ǳ羪ףƺƵ쳹ء
䣡
Ԩĵ˭Ҳûע⵽һɫĳЮź嫵ġԵĺʯһ㣬֮٣Ȼȥ
䣡
ͷߴâһʮ측֣˲䵲סǱĺɫ
ʮ֣ڵ޷͸ֺԨĵȴȻʮ֮֮ţ
ʮԶֹ֮ԨһƲķ
ԭĵ
̧ͷϷĵЦһ
߾ʵԨĵ񣬾ƥ˵ġ
ĻԨĵĵĵʹû˼⻹һμĵ
ǿ󣬷ƥֻϧɲĶ֡
飡
һָ̣һָͷԨԼĵ·ܵĳĲٿأͬһɽ纣籩һХֱԨŶȥ
һ֮죬էһʧٳʱѾԨĵ಻ѡ
岢óȴóµĲ֮Ԩĵĵֻ߲͡
Խʩչ֮ԨĻҪˡ
ôܣ
ԨͫһĲţôû뵽徹Ȼܹ²ʩչԼĵ
Ԩĵĵħ̺һǿҵͬһ㣬óȻ޷ʹħᱻħʶԺĨʶ
߾۹֮⣬߲ڣûκһ˿ʹħ
ڣֻһ棬ͱơ
ҪǣֵɲǣԨλ߾ʵ۾Σա
䣡
âһԨı㱻ĳУһƵ㱻ɳȥݺݵ֮У쳾
̶ֻһ˲˹ɺԨԼڶǿַĹͱ嵯ָ𣬲ûв壬巴
һ̣ڰУĿƽȫһǿƥ
ھԵʵǰеļıվֻ߹ѡ
ţ
ͻȻ֮䣬üͷһŤͷ·
Ȼû
еһ¶һ˿ɫ
սɱಫĹ㣬ոһƣٱӦԻɱеĵڸ֣Ŀһתʮڵľǿֻ˰˾Ÿң˰ڵǹڣȻĴĹ˳ڸشһЩˣ
Ǻ֯
Ŀһɨͷǹǰһ͹ӡοյĺɫ
öοмתҲϵϸȥĺɫĵ䣬һּǿĸо
ǣöתοлһ˿ϤϢԼոշ
Լ൱һֶöաˡ
岢İʢϣ»ɽʹķֵסԼĹ
Ǳǲֱ̫ӽӴ֯ģȻЩǰ»ɽǵġ
Щ߶к֯ķǺʣԨǱߡ
ŤͷȻһ࣬ԭΪոĹӦÿɱԨģȻŨŨ̳ѩɢȥһӰţӣӵվϣſĳĿޱȡ
ԨģȻѪϵ׶ˣ˲ᣬλ߾۹ĻʵȷʵӸոյΣлˡ
Ŀӹϣһƿͭ򣬺һתһת
ȻոһͬǱһöƿͭ


ڶǧһپʮ 
ߡԨģЩͳͳк֯ķû⣬ʩɺǱȻҲУ
˿ͷԺзӶһ̣ĿһɨȻʩɺǱͷһöӵķηǾģ̳¶
ˣö
һս»ɽͺ֯Ǳߵ׼Զһĳ֡
š
¡
ͻȻһӵ洫޴Ҫǹ˼˵Ľ֣ѭȥֻսϵսҲ˱仯
¡¡ڲɢ޴󷽣һɭĹƺƵɽ纣ֱʣһӴ󷨣һҲ֮Ρ
ԴǬΪģΪ󷨣޵ʮһ̺ȻһӴģɭޱȵ󷨣

ޣǹĺ֮УӰӰ´£֪ٹ˻ţʮ޴һϢֱӱֹˡ
¡¡
γɵɲǣʮ޴ϿգƹȻ¶һ磺
ӰУǧ;޴ֲаħǽ£飬Ͷ׹ǡѪѪһ֮ӡ
ڰڿ־壬Թߡ
ѿζĻӵ¶ЩϰСꡣ
ŭХһֻɽ޴ħצӿ̽£ѷ·ץһѶɭɭѪ֮Уһط꣬һһ޴Ľ֣ͨ쳹أϵڴתţ֮촷ۡ
ϣ¡¡ɫ˸磬ߴһ޴󣬽ɫ˫ĸ磬û˿
ֻɨһۣģ

һġʮħ󡱼ΪƵĹŴս
ִﵽ۷ϤˣΪⱾһġ
»ɽȻ־
Ȼǡ족˵֯Ϊ˰»ɽóĹŴսѧ
¡
û˿ԥ󷨳͵ɲǣĺɱʮ޴ɵģɭɭаޱȵĹŴ󷨣ʹƵġʮħصײһ
ؼžû˿һɲײ
һĩĵһ󷨣
һ֯ٿףĹŴս
Ȼͬ·ͷްصײһһض·˺ˡ

Хضҡľʮħɱ񣬷ɱ𣬼˿ɵ͸߾۹ıѾʮ򣬲һ̣˶֡
ײɲǣʮħǰٶ˲١
»ɽ˹ԨġԭǵĵƾҲ뷴ѴƣΪУɣ
Ц
ö֣ټһδ֪ش󣬻ʱûгҷӣݷ췴Զôִ٣ƾЩѾԸı½صĸ֣Ǽƻ̲
ֻϧ»ɽԼ
ĩʱǻۺѪľʮħѾﵽļ£Ǻ֯յҲע޷֮ȡ
Ҿǵϣ𣡡
ɫһ䣬Ŀһ˿ɱһ̣һΣ˲ʧУԨĺ˹ɺ˷˶ȥ
ʢ磬ܹٵ»ɽϵöҲһԻٵԨģ˹ɺϵı
Сģ
Ƚ˹ɺɫһѸٿͬʱעǰķ֮Уֳȥ
󣬲дĵǿߣ͸߾۹ڶ佫Ҳ׷ױʮԣ׷׳ȥ
ñҲ㣡
ڴʱһգޱȣδ䣬һӰ籩һڿն𣬸żս֮С
ڶͻʲĶҲʱ˹ս֮С
䣡
𵴣ǧأ˫ľصײһƥĻͬ籩һ㣬ķýʿֱӾͱըอж
ƾöԼ˵ĺ˳ɹ̩ɽѹһ
ϧˣ
ԶԶģ޴ս£пǰ趯ͻȻһ̾Ϣ
ǿϧˣ
һԣ»ɽǰͬһ̾
ƻϲϱ仯Ըǿ󷨡
ռϣҲ֪˹֮սʩչ󣬲ƾ̶ֳȵǾ޷ͺ֯ġᲢ۵ġ
ԭݻġ
ֻ˭뵽ڵȫˡ
ľʮħȫѹסݵ
˹ɺӦÿԵֵһٲ취ܿȱھͻ᳹׵޲ȫ
пǰ
ӹؿռ䣬սս֮⣬Ũ̺ͻܼĵطĴƹææµµһĸģԾ˵ٶۻһǽҸǽԾ˵ٶ
ٶȥҪ˰ʱ˷ѾĻ򿪵ȱھͻᱻ޲ȫ
ʱվڴһ࣡
һ̣ǰ»ɽǸУȫĬŤͷһԵ񹤳ϡ
˲˵ֻĬĬĶһ˲䣬񹤳ɫ任һһ
֪ˣȥ߻𣡡
񹤳϶ŭ
âɳӰ˵˵ȥҪǳ֣᲻ס
񹤳ϣ̫ʼ˻û𣿡
»ɽڵ
ⳡսʵԶôӣֻҪ̫ʼ֣˵棬һնɱ壬ⳡսѸپܽ
֯󣬵ڻûֵ̫ʼݷ̡
̫ʼǱҪð»ɽı»ɽ᲻̫ʼǿĴֺ
̫ʼ˸߸ϣҿԴȵģȻ˵ʱ֣ǾͱضˣֻĬĬȴˡ
񹤳ϴʱ侲
ⳡս㳲ֻк֯ʱֻɳһЩͨĲ£»ɽʱ뷨ҲȻ̫ʼĵλͬСɣ»ɽҪͨԼߴ̫ʼֻǳ롣
Ǻǣˡǲû˼ֻ缸λǶԸثλͬ˴󽫾ɡ
΢΢һЦ
ԣֻ붯λѾҵļˣ
֮ǰĴս̫֯Ǹ֮ɸ̫࣡
񹤳ҧϱ仯
λ㹻ˣ
»ɽ͸΢΢һЦͬʱ
񹤳ûж˵ڵȷʵ䲻ٶ½ữ޻ĸǱڣȻûˮݵĴŶûд򿪣ʵǲ
Ȼⳡ۹ս֯ȷʵð»ɽҲ֯Ϲ۵ʱˡ


ڶǧһپʮ ֣ͬȸں
ಣ
񹤳һݣܿʧں󷽵ķѩ֮С
񹤳ʧɲǣ»ɽ͸о˻࿴һۣ˵鶼
˵ˣǹȻ̫ǣڸǡ
»ɽһƾƿնûԺпڵ
ݣЩԳͻȻ˵δӣԸ㾡ȫλһͳ½硣
»ɽʱЦǺǵĴӦˣȫϣôţ
֯Ϊֹֻ֪أޱš
»ɽǺǵȴͬʱǡ
ͳһ½֮ǰ»ɽ׼Ƿκεìܡ
ֻҪܹ־㹻ˣ֮Ǹˣ
ǰ
սϣ˫֮սѾ뼫Ϊؼĵزɱų侲
ΪıʿԽʱ򣬾ԽҪˡ
б
»ɽԣüͷ
ǣ
еͷһ˼
ǣͶʮ˾ųϵıѵǻʲôı
֪
ҡҡͷеĵط
սȷʵѾ㳲嶼Ѿ³ثͰ˼˳ȥʮħ󷨶ѾѾûʲôˡ
ֻǣǿҵĲ
ôƵһʥѵľͼڴ
𣿡
д˷
ĿǰΪֹΨһûгֵģֻ̫ٱˣǣһʲôˣ
ϾλƵıԪ˧ѾԳˡ
У
һܿͻָƽ
ˣ˫Ѿʱû·ֻȫѺϣ
أ
һ̣һĺŽ񷣬ٴݴĺǴߴٽ
ɱ
ֻһɱ춯أıͬХһ㣬Խ궯ǰӿȥʮƵıͬ󣬱ܹ·;ʮħ󣬶ǾֱثͰ˼ȥϵŴѹ
һУǸе˼
ġʮħֲ̫ˣȥͬѻʯ±룬֪Ҫ˶ˡ
֮£ثİ˼׹ơ
ңثɱ̫Ѿ˲ܲĵز
ݱѵģݱսȫָƣʮƵıУ̶Ƚ壬챻䴩ˡ
ثѾӽ˿ɵĵز
ݵĶ֣ǰҲӲ
еϱܵĲԸȥثԿ
ֻҪ֯ɱثĴƾӾͲΪǣٸɵİ˼ͬԼȫԽĴȫΧһٻ
Ǹеļƻ
ݣ
սϺɱ󣬹⻷ĺʮȻȴûע⵽񹤳ȥ֮󲻾ãһӰ磬۶ԸϣѸٴԽսث˶ȥ
ϣ
ѩ֮Уٴﵽ΢ǿɫ䣬һ˫ԶثĿһ˿̵ɫ
䣡
ǧɵһӶǵӰ쵽£з֮һĿպۣȴѾٵثϿգһ͵ĳثȥ

䣡
һ£ѿֱֳһǧɳͬˮ˷ֿľ޴󵶺ۣ֣Ͷ¾޴Ӱһ̣ثԵСޱȡ
У֯΢΢¶һ˿Цݡ
ʲôoǰҲֻ϶ѣ΢
ɱǣɱѡ
ȥɣ
Уȣޱȡ
ۿثҪ֯΢Уʱͻ𡪡
䣡
ثµĵصһ죬ʯ쾪ѩһӰԾ˵ٶȴӵصƿնգ֮ثϷب֯ǰ
ߣ֪һʱ֣
һ߲ͣͻȻӶߴͬһʱ䣬һϤӳǰ
ӣ֯һ𾪡
㣡ôܣ
ôţǰӰȻս룬Ԩġ˹ɺ˼սһģһ
ͬһսȻһģһġ塱
ͻıȫ֮ǰԤڡ
Ȼ㵣ĵһ̥ȴû˿ԥһʮƻֺ꣬ȻУΪһȭ֯ݺݺȥ
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ֲĹֱ˺գľһǿȭݺݺؿڡ
ֻһҽУ֯ݣž죬֪˶ٸͷ߷ݰԶԶ˳ȥݺսϣɳȥ
ɳȥĻԶֹһˡ

ͬһʱ䣬һ࣬ڶ֯ȣǧ֮мٷ󣬳ϵͬ޴󽫾˼Ϯȥ
ʱ򣬰˼ԵһͻȻѣһɾ˼ƥеǿϢ͵һȭڶҵúݺݵɳȥ
޴ڰеɣ̲סۡһѪ֮жһɹѪ
ϣ˼ĸѣ¶һӣȻֺһģһ
ͬһսȻһģһġ塱
ⲻܣ
ԶոմӺ󷽸ϵ񹤳ͫһҪͣˡ
ոں󷽣ල»ɽٻͶսԭǵʵɱثͰ˼λƵ۹󽫺һֶԸ壬ܹ˳ƾ֡
̼򵥵ɡ
Ȼôû뵽ħһߵһɣ徹Ȼǣͬһ֡
һģһȻеֶȫƵ
һƾǷ˲ͱС
ͬеģսµİ»ɽ͸С
յӵзɢ鱨鱨վģ壬ʱ˴˼ĳ𺳡
һѾѶԸһ֣˵µجΣ
ণ
˵ʱʱ죬սһģһʱͻȻ䣬ԶȻһХ˵ĿУ󷽣һ֧貵̻ҡҷֱʣ֮һģɵĺۼ
սһƬңû֪ǴʲôǴ룬һƱԨĵˣе̻¶һ˿صЦݡ
»ɽУȺں֮ڣΪΪУɿЦڣҾͽʲôǳ䲻⣬䲻ʲôı
ƾǣԶҲûʸʹΪУ
峤Ц
δ䣬Ĵһƣһ̣䣬һ޴̻Хͬɵĸߴұը貵Ĺâڰ֮ⶼɼ
ԶХ»ɽ͸СŮͷ̻ƤвһǿҵĲС


ڶǧһپʮ ɱﵣ
Сģ
ط
ɫ԰ףͻȻ̲סС
ȻһѾ̫ˡ
ı󶯣ⳡսǰ»ɽǸУȫ׼ȣǲ˲ֹһΣ˫սԿȫһ档
ȻڲݽһݣҪϷأʵֻӪ»ɽĴԽǵıȫڸǰ
Ϊ¹ϵġʥһʼûأ
սս»ɽԼ׼һʼƶսԡ
ѦǧǰʮƵ·Ӷ½һ·ǰУ֧̻ʱһоѾע
лҪЩʲôѾˡ
¡¡
һ
ֻһʱ䣬һǿҵ𶯴ӶĴشֻգ۵ʱ䣬󷽵ƽߴͿһϸСĺߣƺƵԾ˵ٶȳڵս
ɱ
ˡ
ˣ
һ춯صĺɱ򣬳ǧս飬Ѹٳ˵ҰСҴ룬һ˻ɫĴս裬Ŀޱȡ
ս£һؼ׵ĴƽϢ磬籩㣬ҫޱȡ
ȫٳ棡
һ̣Ѧǧʣֱָǰһ˫ӣ˪Ƶ磬ޱȡ
¡¡Ѧǧ˻ս⻷ӶޱȣԾ˵ٶ˲Ϣʮ£սʱٶǣһأ󷽳ݶ
棡
ھѦǧԶĵطһӥĿ߱ǣޱȣĴͬ˳
Ϣ֮ǿԶѦǧ֮ϣһǧİ磬ƻӴӱս
Ϣ춯أŤգԶҪʮ
ɺ󽫾ͺķ
ͳЩģҲֻаͺķˣ
ڰ»ɽԼԴս֮ǰѾɳѦǧʮ
£ֻѦǧں·ԼսϤ
ѦǧʵȴӲˣƾʵԴһ·
ֱӾͽͺķŵѦǧٿصЩսϣǺѦǧһ飬һ֧·ӶƵ󷽡
٣
˼ȫĸϣ˭Ҳû뵽ּ徹ȻɳôӺ϶
ͻȻֵĴȫһֲ
ƣǴƵı
ҿط

ʮ뷥һͬɽХ˶ɫ֣̿رǴ󷽵ıһƬҡ
ӶԷӦòʮˣ
ֱͬһ㡣
ڣеʮѾȫǣıǿġ󡱶ǣסĴȫǰ棬ԼĺȫѦǧͰͺķɵĶʮ򡰺·
νͻ
£Ǵڱǰл״̬
ͺţţƴಫͻȻе˴Ӻ󷽳ֻ֣һɲԷĺ󱳣׾١
ڵʹ״̬
˵ĻԶֹˡ

ˣʮƾӣƵб󷽷ɱΪ̫ٱã
սգͬʱһ޵ɫ̼ɳ۶һڰ»ɽ͸ϡ
ˣ
ͬһ䣬»ɽ͸о˻һ𣬾ɫվվȡ
ôܣ
»ɽ۾ķжɲ
Ƶ֧ܿ˶ͻڲԭϵĶĿƵǲԭоӥǵڶֲˣ
ͷڵϣ
Աߣл˵
һ̣ﲻԾˣ
½繫ϵġһʥȷʵӦüڴˣֻǸôҲû뵽⾹Ȼĳ̫ٱá
ܣܣò뿪ãıôôƵ
»ɽԲ۾ŵ
ɲһô̵ʱ䣬òǰڳǽϣƬ̣ͳб󷽣ôıģ
Ҫ֪ôıǲֲܷˣ
û⣬֧ѾƵִλãǺȥˣϹȥģֻ̫ٱһ˶ѣ
һսʥ֮Ȼ鴫
дʱһ꣬̾Ϣŵ
ʮƤֱ͵Ǿܣ˶ϹۣһбضѾ˵
̫ٱýֻսʼӳͷ뿪֧֮ȰźõĴ϶ѡ
¡¡
䣬̳˻죬һ֧޴ĴսӭƮչ̫ٱһƥ˻ߵԣ˻Уһȣͳųǧıͬʱɱ
ɱ
ֻǼ򵥵һ֣̫ٱбųȴӵзǷ
һ̵ãҲλ޵սķâ¡һɾ̣ͷ𣬺ƺƵᴩأãã޼ʵĴƱʮ㣬֮㣬ĺ󷽳ɱ
Ϊ˴ƣ
ɱ
ɴ̫ٱúɺ󽫾ͺķͳ˧Ĵˮһ㣬ֱɱ
һɲǣؾ㾲
սʱ䶼·Ż
һ̡
һ춯صľ죬֧Ƶصĺײһ
ɱ
һɲҵĺɱضΪ֮ʧɫ
ȻоΣգ׷׵ת֯ߣӦ֧ĳ
ֻʱķ̫ˣԵֵ֧ƶĳ

һʿҽһ˲䱻һǹ̴޴ض
󣬸ʿ֧ܵĳɲǣ׷״̴һնɱ
ֹǣ
ˣ
֮УһͻʵĽ˻ߵĴ
һ̣âһһӰһ׳ڿնһӹؿռ䣬˲ָӵĶͻʽ졣

̫ٱĿ˲䱬˻
䣡
ͻʵĽ죬ͬΧͻʵľ߶ûһͱǹǿĿֲը촷ۣԲڣԵ⣬ûһˡ
ɱ
һб֮ʦһǾ߽֮սע
飡
ĺ󷽣ʱһƬңдɾ
ھȫɱ⣬һ
ǻرʥʱˣ
һ࣬ͺķɱڣʵǿİϢΪһ壬£Ի͵ɺϵһĴ뵽֮С


ڶǧ ̫ʼ֣
䣡
ʸ͵İ֮һ֮С
ɣ
һɫ׺ݣƾžտļȻڿն֮ƴķ϶һ
ƣﱾʵټսһϵӣѴﵽһ˵ĵز
Ȼһ̡
飡
֮Уһȫ׵İۼֿ죬еؽݳϵһؽбبǰȻᣬӲĵסĳ
䣡
Ŀڵ﹥ɲǣؽȻǰһ̣۵һһѪĽӺ󷽴˳Ȼ˴һٴ͸նɱڰ֮С
ǧصﾹȻһ㣬ڰ֮С
ܣôǿ
󱻴̴ƣԺͷȻǰһڣʲôҲ֪ˡ
ӣӣ
ǸǵĶ֣
Ҳӣ
սϣһսʿҡĿǿ־塣
ಣû˿ףһɲսʿУתܣԽԽʿĿ־ʹ·׷׳ԶӶȥ
ߣȫɱ棡
Զһƥ۹·˷ѽһо۵ס
ʤ߰ܣ
ⳡսĿǰΪֹеһоԤ֮С
սʿѵĽ»ɽΪܹľʹشˣǰ㰲»ɽٶıҲԶƵһ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
յھʿ
ʮĴƾ磬׷Ŷɱȥ
Ƕ棬ԭǽֵһ֣ɱýڽڰˣɾ
˫ʵԶûдﵽԵĵزϵӰȴĥģһѾȫˡ
û˿ڸܵУҵʱ򻹱򶨣ȫӦս
ɽ
̶ֻһ˲Ĵ֧Ųסڳثͬ޴󽫾˼ָ£֧Ƶľȳɢзߡ
ã
һ࣬Ϊͳ˧ĴǬӣǬ棬ޣԼ߲˷׷ױɫ
סǣ
ϧһдҲҪǣ
Զڸһս߾ʵԨġͻ˹ɺ׷ңԭΪĸ֣ټǿߣʹ˺սӦԶԸ塣

Ǿݴ󶼻Ҳưͳ˧ֻҪɱƾȺףȻҲ͸ܡ
Ŀǰķ֪ж٣֪ĸı壬նսѾʧȥ塣
Ҫǣ˸ͲĶ֡
Ԩģ㻹޴Ȼ뵽Ͱ»ɽᣬǰ䣬һǸ߿ˣ
ЦһȻһĳֱһԨġǿĵ
һԨĵĵɢ˱õɳȥϢڲѡ
ǴҰ̫ҲǳȥԴУ粫һ˵ܹ˳ռȡ֮Ӵһݣ
Ԩıܱڸܴ˲ǳȴ˿۱ɫ
δ䣬Ԩ˵һٴɱȥ
һɺԣ߾ܹ֮ӲдΪʴȶѡ
ʴȣȴҲʴȣĶԸ߾ֻһֱæڶԸʳڲѣȻ߾ҪҾԳȫǡ
Цһնʩչޣ飬Ԩġ˷׷ػֲëѪ䣬һʱ䲻֪˶ٸͷ
ˣ
ƽһ˲䣬ԶĽ׷Ťͷ˾޴սµİ»ɽ͸С
ⳡսֻǴԸ»ɽľߡ
д󷽣ȫܣоΪѹ׵ҡҡ׹ֳ֧ļһеĽ춼ǲ
һ̣»ɽվĵط浱֮ķ籩ģеѹȫݵ
С
»ɽĿһ£ʶһԵĸС
󶼻㻹ڵʲô
һԱߴʵ˵󷽵Ůǰľˣǽ
Хս˻һѪӷƮƮѩһһ͸һ죬ı˶֪ɲıô̶ƬѾ֮߰ࡣ
ЩʢĴ˵㲻ʲôǶͲɲ˵һ޷֮ʹ
ٵȵȣ
һۣ޷˿趯Ŀ⿴ǰͬһƬҡ
ƶǳȴûʧȥ磬ɱżȵ侲
ǴѾܲסˣٲ֣¡
»ɽԥһ¡
ڸΣⳡսĳЩؼĵطҲѴһ£˷ҽĴԾ˵ٶȲɲвҡ
ȷʵֲݷҲԶûеɽˮĵز
Ҳûл֮
֪ʲôӦףʱδǿг֣ɳ֧Ҳδܹıս֣пܱԷã
ҡҡͷĿ⿴ǰҵսʼղΪ
쵰ǵ˵ʲô
Ů˴գҧݣзߺ޲ѡ
ʣǲ֪ܣŮ֪еĹϣȴ֪һ㣬˵ڶԸ
սޱȣÿһ̶дʿ¡
ۿսŵ˼㣬ʱʧأܣʱͻ𡪡
أ
û˿ף»ɽĻУöɫǵͻȻӿͬʱһ̶Х
䣡
սϿգһը쳹˻ģͬһʱ䣬ɫͬ˰ˢķںƵ룬˲Ϣ䣬һɿֲѹ޸Զս
һɲǣսϵ˫һ׷ʶ̧ͷա
ϳ֮Ҳ뺳
һޱȣȻ
жɲһСޱȣĸо
̫ʼ
ڳˣ
Ʈս£ԭɫϾľһ¶һ˿Цݡ
ʵ̫ǿƵĸҲ̫ࡣ
˶ΪƾƵ߸ƣֻа»ɽпЩӣһֱز̫ʼ
̫ʼͺ֯սܣİΧȦͣҴɱ¾ʿȻһķգҲܹǰƳ̫ʼͺ֯ս˵պջ񲢴档
ҲǸʼձ侲Ϊԭ


ڶǧһ ֮ս
ҷӣ
Ű»ɽһѸٴ˺󷽣·һʼղΪҷ˲·ѹһ㣬һɿֲϢѸٴϱͬӿĺһϯ˻ġ
¡¡
һ̣𶯣غǹޱߵĴҲ·ܲסҷڿֲ
䣬ڶǰߴ࣬ɺҷĿһɽ鱩һ㣬һȻ򵥵Ķҷսʿ׷׸ų̶
ʵǿҷӻϢɽһ㣬춯أһ˲ǹս԰Ƶ˫ͬġʮħ󡱣һ̶ө֮°㣬˲Ȼʧɫ
ҷӣ
֮Уͳ˧ڶྫ֪ƤԶѰľ¶һ˿𺳵ɫ
»ɽҷӣǱߴܣи߲㽫춼֪
жţܵǹӿȡƲɵƣ֪ŷЩҷӿ±Լ֮ǰĻҪֲǿ
ÿһҷӸ֪ĸоȾн졣
䣡
𶯣Ļѩҷӵս̤£׷ʮɸߣѩЩҷӵڵ֣Խɲ
Сģ

˷ɽɱҷӣáثͺķ˼ȴ󽫣Ҳ׷ױɫ
ԭõϢУ»ɽµҷֻǧڿֹ
ͬ޲򣬹򲻿ɵУͬƾһѾ£ڵҷӣʵͬʵǿ࣬˶оһǿҵв
ڳˣ
գЩǵءɽ̶ҷӣһ˿Ĺâ
ҷӣ
УԸ֮Ϊߡ
һսļİǾʮħ󣬶Ϊϵս׼ģǺ֯Ͱ»ɽ֧߾š
ڵλ÷ȥҷӱûɱǹɱѵءŨ񵽼ɱ֮ϢѾʹսս˻ϣ˷ľʮħҲܵӰ졣
ҷӵʵӹɣȵ֧з·һʯ
ս֮УǿֶεĶ֣ĽֻǶԷصֶΡ
ЩͷԺзӶܿĿһܿС
ɱڳҷӾţлһȽв
¡
еУһǿĿռ䲨ɢͬһʱ䣬һֲϢĸ֪С
̫ʼ
ʱ֮λֱ̫֯ǿٴκճڶ⴦ҵս¶ݡ
;ʦһսȣ̫ʼϢԷһЩ΢ı仯
Ӳ
΢΢սȭͷһ˿ɫ
һΣôõˡ
ֶ֯ιĪ⣬ʦһս̫ʼ䱬ֻʣһ꣬ʱ£Ȼ죬ָһʵָ۷塣
ֶμֱδţһ㡣
壬Ҳɲһ˿ɵ
̫ʼֳܰɸɾɱֻܹ޸ʹ˵Ǹ޴вŻ
Сӣһۣ㾹ȻһٱûдػҪʬΣң
ЩӣҲҪǳ׻Ǵŭ³
̫ʼգѻһݣߴ࣬ħڻ߳ƣŵҲһϻɫףη岻ѡ
¡
ֻһ˲̫ʼʳжָ֮һźɫ
׷
ĩ٣
׷ȥɣ
̫ʼһкɫƿշɳ˲仯Ϊһտɫ򡣶˷޾׵Ҳ·ܵĳӸ۶ǻԵ׵˲佫׷ǿ㡣
ԶԶȥսϿշ·һ޴ʯ㡣


ڴȻ£ٶıҲԵСޱȡ

һ󾪺սһǧĴʿоһְ֮Σա
ǴĿտɫ׹ǰÿ˶ϰС
ÿ˶óҫ׹׼ϷĸݺʹƵսߣһ׹£°ϵĴƾӶҪҷ
ٺ٣ɣû˿Եֵ׷oЩ˵ĳͷ
ս棬һЦ֯񹤳Զ¶һ˿Цݡ
׷һƷǡ족ִ죬ֻܹţרͷЩչġ
̫ʼһǳͶò׷Ȼһεľʦ֮սնɱ鹢ڻ
׷һſԵ춨ս֣ⳡսˡ
¡¡ֻӿʯٶȼ죬̶ֻʱӹؿռ䣬Ŵƾڵķλ䡣
һɲʱ䶼·仺¶ȿ־ɫ
Сӣӭɣ
̫ʼޱȣź嫵󷽴ٵĩա
̫ʼҲ̫ˡ
ǧһ֮ʣͻȻһЦӸڴ
ܾˡ
ǵ߲ͣ˶
䣡
δ䣬һɰϢɽ纣ͻȻ޵Уսжֵĸ֪С
ټսϣ˻ûзӦǸ߿һ׷£̫ʼȴıɫ
壡
һ˲䣬ͱϢ
ⲻһ壬սܿľֻ塱ĸоȴ֮ǰκһ塱Ȼͬϣ̫ʼоһϤģԼͨϢ
䣡
û˷Ӧһ̣âһټĸУһӰȣֻһ˲ʹеŸ߿ǵʯȥ
ǵӰֵͬʱһӴʱղ˲˵ĸ֪С
ʱ֮ⲻܣ
Զ񹤳Ϸһš
ûս˷Ӧ¡¡УǵӸеӰѾ׹µǵֲǰ׹ײһ
û˿һɲײֵɲǣ𵴣һӴʱ֮ϱŷ
Ӵʱ֮ΪһȦһȦ޴İɫʱ֮緺㣬Ϊģ˷չ
׷̺Ӵ󣬼Ƕ԰ΪλĴ˵Ҳһ޴вܹٿʱյĶ쾳ǿ˵в̶ȷûô


ڶǧ ʱΣ
û㾡ȫֻڽֵɲǣһһͨʱͨǿֲͬǰ׵аЩʱ֮ͨУйȥµҲĲٿ£ɢΪΡ
ԸȴδضԶ쾳ǿЧ
ˣ
âһǻصĲ׷ھǧɵĵطʧøɸɾͺûгֹһ
ֲһÿȥҲ죬ôһɲսѻȸ
䣡
ֻһ˲ƷһɽХĻ


һ󻶺쳹ء
սķ̫ٱáͬ޴󽫾˼ǰݴ󶼻ثԼԶɺ󽫾ͺķˣĿһгһ
ȻͬΪ٣ҺĹϵΪܣϵǸܣҲ֪
Ȼмǰֵһֱֻһڶ塱Ҳǵȵֵʱ֪
ڵĵ塱ȻһֱڸУǾ˶֪Ĵڡ
û壬̫ʼֳʵ롣
Сӣ
֮УۿټĻ׹˲ͱɸɾ𾪵Ī̫ʼˡ
ʦһսʵ̫ʼһĴ˵΢ܹȫƾǧһ̫ġ
ĳ̶ֳ˵նɱĸ壬Ѿȥ̫ҡ
ȻʿյĿ࿴ôû뵽£徹Ȼʱչ򣬽˶쾳
ˣΪǧ꣬ȹʱǿڣ̫ʼӵǿţͻƶ쾳ҲһĶ֡
䣡
̫ʼ͵һȭһ̣Բǧڣʱ𵴣һȦһȦİ׽ɫʱ֮飬գǧʱ̺֮Ӵʱջ֮ǴĻκΪ֮ľ
ˣ
̫ʼкһһȦһȦ̫Ҫҵİ׽ɫʱ֮·ӵ㳯ϯȥ
Щʵʵʱ֮һͣţСͣ任֫ɣֹˣ̫ʼİ׽ɫʱ֮ХȻ˷һĹ⻷󣬶ʹġ
Ū
ĽȻˣչ¶ҲֻǶ쾳ʱղ֮ˣ̫ʼĶ쾳֮䣬ŲСࡣ
ʱΣ
Ƕ̫ʼĶ쾳Գǧʱ֮һʱյġΡͨʱֲ֮ķиֳ֮˺飬̫ʼһеĿֲ֮
̫ʼʱеĶ֣ĩʣ¡
ʱ֮临ӣҪôСΧھ׼ʱ֮ϸ΢ң£ʩչмҪ󣬲̫ʼʵȴһ㣬ᡣ
Ҳ̫ʼֱ̫ǰéԭ
ˣ
˵ʱʱ죬˷Хİ׽ɫʱ֮ǺЦңʯ䣬ֻʳָһ죬һ̣һεΪķܡ
䣬û˿ףʱ侲ֹ˷Хİ׽ɫʱ֮·ĳϰ㶨գҲǰ
̫ʼ㵱ûɱңڸɱң
һЦŶ̫ʼڵû̫ʼӦһ̣岻ܣ̫ʼͬһȭ
쳾󣡡
Ǻؼ𵴣δ䣬һ˿̫ʼʱղȭбŷ
ֻһ춯صľ죬ӰͻȻֳĻ¥ţᡢɺ衢ǿաͬһʱ䣬ȭصΪİɫʱ֮Щʱ֮һ̫ʼдδ״ֻһ̫ʼʱΡ
쳯Ϯɱİ׽ɫʱ֮ûнӽ壬нӶ׷ѡ
ܣ
һɲ̫ʼޱȣ֮ǰƵġ׷ûе˵𺳡
ʹĵʲô
ʵǿ̫ʼּ𣬽ӵ˲꣬Ҳͬ·һ㣬̫ʼУҲδ˹Źֵľ
쾳ǿһѧѰ׼ȷ˵֯һִڵԼǿͼ׿ԽҲֻǰ·磬ռʲôˡ
ʩչȫ֪֯־ѧû˿֮¥ţᡭʲô
̫ʼδκζ쾳ǿʩչʱֶ۵ֵһҲͰˣƫƫϸоһɼǱǱоһļɵ
ͻƵ쾳ʱԲᳬ£ոͻƱ峹͸̫ʼʵǿʲôز
Ȼֻһ˲̫ʼع
Ӳպسɴ󻼣
һɲǣ̫ʼӿһǰδеǿɱ
ӡգڡн϶ѡ
ܹ֮ٿ񣬾Ϊ֮Уûгֿǵ
Ѿйһ̫ˣٳֵڶ̫ҡ

һȣâ˸̫ʼ̤׽⻷ٿʱ֮˲ʧԭأʧͬʱ̫ʼףȰƾճǰ͵һȭźȥ
䣡
ֻһ죬һȭƴǿֲʱնˣ̫ʼһȭѾ֮ͬǰĹл̺һǿҵʱ֮סΧʱա
ֻжǿ߲ܶԸǿߣ
û˱̫ʼףв塣
̫ʼȴûϵ̫ʼһûܡ
ã̫ʼͺһ£
ޱȣؼ졣
䣬âһһ̣ȫܣûκεĻɺͶ̫ʼصײһ
ȭײһɲǣֻöһɽײ˹ȥֻһ˲ڱ˿ѷڶԷĿֲ
䣡
߿УΪģƥͬ˰ϯķƺƣϯ棬ƥս˻ţط𣬷ɳʮ֮Զ
߿Уâһһ̫֮ʼէϼ֡
ɣֻһɵĲ࣡һսԴ򣡡
޳ԣһɲǵĿѩޱȡ
һȭ޻ɵĽԼ̫ʼ֮ʵ
֯˵֯ʷƾãʵۺ񣬽ƾһνҪԿ̫ʼ۷״̬Ĺ϶쾳ǿ߻ѶȲСҲ֮ǳ֮С˿ԺԵĵز
Ϊﵽ쾳͸ʱյı仯ѾԶûôӴˡ
ּǿߣѾӵһǹĽ


ڶǧ ҷӳ
ЩͷԺзӶֻһ˲䣬侲ͬʱϱһǿҵս⣺
Ҳ̫ʼҲһУ
һн̫ʼĹһΣ˲һξȻΪ̫ʼ˽
䣡
ƺƵգͬһʱ䣬屩ͬʱһȦɫʱ֮Ծ˵ٶȼѸַԲɵľ룬ڰɫâڲǧ򣬴ССʱ֮һʱչ⻷Уա
徹ǽ̫ʼոյĹֱӸ˹
ıֱ׷һöɫʱ֮ʧеϢҲ
ಣ
ʧ˲䣬˭Ҳûз֣һɫĹâްޱȣͬʱ֮Уʧ
Сӣң
գ۵ʱ䣬Ϸһŭȴ䲻ݷ֮ʣ̫ʼ͵һȭһɫ⻷бŷĻƽһȭɡ
ǺȻﺣ֮У尵ɱ̫ǬõĻƽꪡ
ﵽ쾳֮󣬲ֹȫ̫Ǭ϶ġġ̫ǬġƽꪡҲһΪã硣
ٽһꪣ
ȴδţһΣٴ뵽ʱ
Զ̫ʼоΣգҲͬʧ
䣡
Уıըһһ̫ʼʱʱ֣α仯ٶȶ쵽˼£ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Ѿûκܸ˵ս˵Ϣֱ治塣
쾳սĽʿ˵Ѿ޷ȵɷ֮
ôܣ쵰ʵȻѾֵز
ϣ޴ս裬»ɽսףһֱſУƤ𺳲ѡ
һ£󣬺壬»ɽҲޱȣΪƾһǿʵԼӴı壬ռԭ
һչ¶ȴľѡ
ʲôʱѾֵزȻԺ̫ʼ棿
ֻһ˲Ŀǰ»ɽֱ˲Ұġ
壬ʵǿΣ֮ӣֻҪ˴ƣ֮
»ɽĿһעٴμеǰߵҷϡ
һսӵһѹԵĵơ
ǰߣҷӣȫ
һɲ»ɽ쳹󷽡
¡¡
ս¡¡ѩ̫ʼֵɲǣ»ɽҷӾſ磬ֻϢѾӿǰ
ҷӾҪǰߣһҪĴ
Ȼǰܵһؼ׵ҷսʿͷ·ûпһ
䣡
һ赲ǰĶͻʿ󷽼ٱƽ˵ҷӾţ޴룬һãȻûӦһƥҷһֻ̤һײͽͻʿ˴ɰ֮Զ
ͻʵʿҺһû׹أѾըѣ޾Ѫ籡գޱȡ
ÿ
һĻһƬҡ
ݵıãΪ֪Щҷʵǿ飬࣬ľȴ֪
䣬ҷ֮ʿȵֵסֻһܼײ̶̵ʱ䣬һ߸𣬶ҷӴٶȻû˿ļֻһֲѪ·
ˣˣ
ۿĴգۼ仯ΪѪ꣬ܵһĿ־壬ͻʡ߾ɡݵıڣ߰׷׳ȥ
ҷӾӵǰԾ˵ٶѸٳһͨ
ǰоΪ»ɽµһ󽫣Ǭԭȫָӡ󡱺ʹġʮħ󡱶Կ֮䣬ܵǹǵأɽıϢǬҲɻıɫ

ǬӺԥȵ
ҷӾʼǸܣ»ɽ͸ҲһֱⱣҷӵԣǬȴе֪ߡ
û˱ҷӵһ֧޵еľţҲһľš
ûУǵУ˾
赲ǰݵıҲᱻɱ⣡
ңĿǰҷǻơʮħ󡱵Ĺؼڡ
¡¡˵ʱʱ죬ǬӵŸո´һ˲䣬תʮɵ糱ˮ㣬ȥĴƾӶ˲ˡ
ս֣ؼʱ̣ʱǷǳġ
ǬѾ˲ôˡ
ڲˣȵҷɱ󡱿¾Ͳֹôˡ
ھУ׼󳷣
ȻԤϣǬӺɡ󡱵ʿ˵ʱϷĴƾȴûг׷ǵˣǰ߷Ĳӣ󷽵Ĵı䷽򣬳ΡȻĸжȥ
ȫǲܵģһ֧ǰ
ɣ
ɣ
ҷӵٶԶκζﶼҪö࣬Щҷ˵ƺȫֱٶһ˵ֻƬ̣ЩҷӾɿȻﵽһֲĵزǿµЩսƺȫصĳӰ졣
δЩҷӴļݺײϣ絶ƽʹ˶Ϊ֮Ȼ
һɣ
ХĴŴƵķߣ˵λȥܹЩҷսʿЩ϶¶Ĳ԰ɫƤԼİɫë
ʵʵɱ˶оһǿҵѹ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬һɽХĺڴ󷽣֮
ûȵʮħ󷢶պɽָӵ󳵲ǰһƴЮŻԵ˲䴩ؿռ䣬ǰһҷսʿ
ǿҷӾţֲҲһ޷ֵǷ˲䴩ϼӲס
飡
һǰҷսʿûзӦؿھͱһȭͷСĿ߶޴ϴ÷ˤ󷽡
һ̶ʱڣһһҷսʿ䴩ǧҷսʿ⵽󳵲ӵġԴ
ã
һɽѰĻӴӪдһĻʿܲѣǻֻƬ̾ɢ
Сģ
Σգ
һ󾪺Ӵд
Ҳ޼᲻ݵЩҷսʿʱ˶۲쵽˼һĻ
Щҷﾡܶܵ󳵷ĻԹǵﾹȻû˿ѪҺƺǴضֻǸЩҷսʿѥɦһ㡣
ܣô£
⵽ʲô
󷽣߾ٳָһպɽжʱһɫѿޱȡ


ڶǧ ݿ࣡
κ壬˻ǶһܵشѪҺľ䴩ʱҲ֭Һ
պɽʹ֪ЩҷսʿĹ֮ǰһло𺳡
ЩҷӵĴȫΥ峣ʶ
ֹˣպɽĿЩԭҷӣʱ˿ҲӵѸԾٴγŸݵķ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬𺧵ɲǣһҷﶸֳ̽ؿڲŵһ˫ɺĿһתѸǰȻһ
䣡
âһʮɿ⣬ﻹûзӦͱǸ䴩һ䣬ڵϡ
Сģ
ֱʱǾֵŴӶд

һĻһƽɫ˺ѷεĴǵһдδֱ֡
ƾ賵ǿӵ˾˵ƻͻ
ЩҷӾŲͬǾȻƾͽͶ˴ϵףĴﶤڵϡ
Ҫ֪ΪһսƺķãȫдʿĿ׶ľ֡ɣ׼Ӳޱȣĳ̶ֳϣֵĹ赲
ȻЩҷǰ׶ֽͬ㣬׾ͱֱš
䣡
һʮħѸٱ任ɽתΪµһ󱾾ǽɹ˿أؼ汸
ͺı任ܡضܼ֣Ѹٶǰһ̣˶оһǿҵΣոС
սûпʼָо־δй
գܼףҷսʿ·ѩмٱУϿգ֮䣬ƷѾʮס
УЩҷսʿϢ䣬뻮һûκ˿˵һֳ֣ĬѹֱֵЯ}÷š
ϣ
ڶǰţҷĿһ˲һ⼣߰ߵĽгһ͹ӵĳңǰŵҷӶ뻮һͬʱϱһѰѱܼ֣˲佫ЩҷӵϢһ𣬱Խֲǵ˸ĺâֱͬ
һ̣ѹֵ˼㡣
ʮףףס
ϣ
һ˻ǰһҷͻȻһ˲Ծ𣬾ҪƵķС
ۿֲ֧ҷӾžҪȫ湥ʱ򡪡
䣡
һ춯صĺͻȻӴϸʵĸڴէ𣬻û˷Ӧһľ˲ͷӶһѻڿնҷ
һĹ죬յսͷ­ȷ飬­Ƭ˷ɢϵҷҲ̺ͬĿֲͷ­
ûзӦҷսʿϵλΪ촷ۡ
䣡
ྡྷЪҷӾС
飬һһܼıըӶҷӦͱķѡ
»ɽµҷӵв֮ܵʲôƶԿɱ޵ľͳ󣬼ǿҷӣҲһֵס
ͷ­飬Ȼ޴棬ʲôǿڣҲһɡ
һʮҷﱻ׷䱬
䣡
Զĳǽϣ˿һĻ׷׾񣬰һһ˲仮գԶ߸ߵĸ
ۿʮҷҪ䱬ʱ򣬶ǰҷͻȻһ͵͵˻
һ̣벻鷢ˡ
û˿ףһϢҷͻȻԾ𣬻̹һץǸ
飬˷԰ټƵҷڿն𣬳žؾĹ켣ײȥһֻֻ׵ֱ۲ܲˣץ˹ȥ
ٶȣʮ֮ϣץסץסҲǷǵ³
Ȼ˵ĿУֻеȴΪ˻ʵ
УһɫĿպ۴޵УҲѸٳС
ڰɫպһľڿУΧ飬԰ټƵҷ
Щҷͬ㣬˷ץסͳ
һһҷͬľһξסͳ߲˲ʮܵǿԵãЩҷӵֹ£ڰͣ
˻
һĻ̲סһ
巢ǿľžԵɱͿֲ˭Ҳû뵽ЩҷӾȻֲֿķʽֹ˾
˵𺳲ûгãһ̣һս˻ҷӾҲѸٷǧҷ֮ͬӪС
ϣ
һս˻಻쳹սû˿һɲǵײ
ʮħųĩһ󷨣ǿӹɣݷʮɵôöûкƵĽڽںˣ˵ǿ֮
£ûб֧Ӹǿˣ
Ȼֻһ˲䣬֧ҷӾƾſֲʵͬһһ㣬Ӳ˾ʮħķ
ʯ䣬սսײײ뵶ıը಻ǿֲ˲˳ǰ֮Ĵģս
飡
ս棬һ޴ܳһǹײĲλͬ˲顢Ǹ˳ǹ̺иһɱ˳ܺ
Уһ㾧Өı˪Ѹ˳սʿ˫ۣȫӶȥ
䣡
һ춯صľ죬ʮħǰʮܡضսʿ׷ױɳȥеĶҲڶ֮׷顣һʮħǰһ׷ѣҷֱضܺ;޶ƺӵмǿƻ

һ춯صĲҽУƷ׷ױҷչֳƴݿ࣬ѹԵģֻһ˲䣬ʮħܵش
󷽣¡¡䲻˿ҷﻹǰͺ̣֮ͬӿ
ͦס
һ󽹼Ĵ쳹սܿԵֵˮķߣȴҷ˺顣
˻ûʧȥִ磬ܵĲֽʮ֮һûܵƻ
飡
Щҷӳͬʱս˻ǧĴ˷ͬЩҷ﷢
õķؾǽ
б԰У塱˫΢УûֹͬעһС


ڶǧ սҷӣ
֧Ȼǰͳľӣһδκս£Ըӵг㾭飬ĳԣ֧ҲѾﵽĶ塣
Ҳ뿴ս٣֧ܷӶδٵĩжЧá
ۣ
ôƬ̵ʱ䣬ֻһдѪ֮ǰѵѸչ
һ˷Щҷǿս
Ȼһᴩ˵ĸоȴ˵Ĺ죬ͺһ͸
ûѪ
ǻܶ
֮УһʿֳֳԼ̴ҷֻëȻ
ЩʿܵĹֻѾϵҷȴûһת˫۾ԽĿԼ
ܲμⳡսʿǧҲ־ᶨָ֮оࡣ
Ҫǵ壬ǵͷ­
Уһƽ˻˶
ǹµĲ֮һͬǰ̽ҷӵϢҲۼʶЩҷӵ
ҷӾԶԿʮƾЩҷγɵ˾ţȫͬն
κһµĿº
Ѿܿˣվ˼֡
̶ֻۣһ˲һҷ˴ڵĵͬһʱ䣬һеĵٽĴʿ塣
飡
ߴҷӴһӣѹԵͽļʿɳȥ
̶Ƭ̣Ʒֳ˸ߴʧ
ϾǾ񲿶ӣܿ˵ĻĴУʿѸٸı䷽ЩҷӵĲ
ֻҪ촦ҷӵǿҲԴ
ķչԶûô򵥣ϣовһҷֱһᣬڼ䲻ݷ֮סЩ
ֹˣ֮Уһҷսʿںһһɹɰ·쫷һڱЩ÷·Ҫ˵Ĺһ㣬̺ĿֲԵֵֻһҽУ˷һսʿʮԶ
գ
һлԶûнһ󼱴ٵսĺ󷽣ХҷųһӶΣ缲һ㣬
Щ󷽵ҷٶȿ񣬳һʮ׿⣬һգۣѾ˴Ƶķǰ
ϣ
ԽĵУһӵģ弣߰ߵĹŴ߸߾Ȼص䣬һӴţֻһȻһĴʿ絽Ҹ롣
ǿľѿֳɳȥϵҲһ롣
ҷӵĹʽԶֹ˼򵥣Щ˵岻ΡǳļٶȣԶеǼ򵥵ĳݣĳǿԵֵ
䣡
˵ҷӾڴ֮кֱ֮ףף߰סЩҷڡʮħ󡱲ǰ

ۿŴһƽ˫Ŀһ죬г裬ȫ籡ֱһҷϵı˪ͣһһҷʿ˶ͷ­תŷ˳ȥ
ҷӵʵǿֻͨʿЩǿĴ佫ɲǶ֡
ɱ
ͬʱܵ佫Ĺ裬֮УһЩʵǿĴƽʿҲŷ˽ۣһ·𺮱һƷ׷ڵأһЩҷӰӶˡ
µľվѵأӵмǿӦȻͱ̶ûãǾԸΪƴĻӿ
һʿǵĶ֣ǾͶ󷨵ʮʿ˴˵Ϊһ壬֮
£ʮħɷЧһĽ£ҷ˴նɱһǱж˿֡
Щҷӵ̬̫ˣΨɱǣֱӲַʽ
϶ҧⷽ棬ҷӲûʲô֮
䣡
ͬʱһҵ޵Уɱҷӣպɽ󳵲ٴη˽
᧿ΣǰͷҷӾ󳵲Ѿɶѣպɽɳ侲Ľ··һ㣬һ·ûʲôܹΪ֮ݣ
䣡
һɽĺٴ쳹սֻһΣպɽ󳵲Ӹı˷ʽ壬ֱ׼Щҷӵͷ
䣡
һƬҵսϣһϢ䣬Ŀɺҷȫ棬ͻȻ֮ûκεף߰˸ƴӸͬʱһҷӻûӦһ˶ͷ­𱬿ʧ
ҷӵͷҲųʮɣҡһ£ˤ¡
һ̶ʱڣҷӱպɽַʽɱ
պɽʹַʽʱԶûôǴʱȴǶԸҷõķʽ
ţ
պɽһӣԥٴһ䡣
һҷ׹£һ֧Ѿɱպɽ󳵲ӽֻʮɵҷСӣĸ£˲䱻ȫɱú󷽳ɱҷӲһ˿ҡ
ˣպɽȴ˿ɣ󳵱ôõģСģȷķʽӵ೸⣬պɽ뼫˵ӣΪǿĴ͸ʹڶһҷ֮󣬺п˵Լˡ
һ棬պɽư˼ϵĳ뱣֤еͬһʱҷӵͷ­һַʱ䲻һ£ͺпܱҷӵ͹һ
ϾҷӵʵеĻҪ¡
Ѿˡ
ڰиһĻɫͬزѡ
һսΪֹƷܹɱ˵ҷӴ֮߰ϱӵĩȣЧɱְߣѾ൱ɹˣֻ˵ҷӾ˵߰ҷӵֻһ΢СĿ˽ǵĵز
ʲôЩ߶ضͺ֯żĹϵЩֱӾģ
ʯ䣬Ժһһͷ
ܶණϱӿ˵ټĴƣ˼̣ձ󣬺԰»ɽôһܰôĴƽһƬңǧٿףһ֧֧ϵܣ
ʱ岻ףֻΪǰ»ɽı̫£ڿؼݱж£֧ӵǧҷӡ
ˣ
кһѸ´˳˵
֧Ժкܴ;׵Ǽʶһҷӵǿ󣬶ڴƣ£½綼кô
ǲ񵱳ô֣̿ңɺı硣


ڶǧ վԳǳ
䣡
һģһɰХ£û·ҷӾС
ֻһ춯صľ죬԰ټƵҷֱӱըɳȥ׹ĺĵشҷ˴ҷ
ûȵһȥɱЩҷӣݣâһ͹ηɵҪȥԺ֮
ٺ٣֮ӣͲҪŶҷӳˣǲԸġ
ʱһӶдâһǼīޱȵķɵڿлһߣѸ뵽ļС
һиýˣ㲻лǶԿˡ
ֻ㣬һҲҪϴƣ졯޿ΥЩյĽ֡
һĸҲɭȻ
ʲôǱ죬һ죬ҲὫ׻ɱ
ȻһЦ
ˣ
û˿ԥһΣʩչӰħ˲Ϣ֮ʧ˿УŶ̫ʼɱȥ
һΣʩչĳֲѷɫӰħĳѸȥ
һս˵ĿķǳȷֻҪǯɣ֮ս
㲻ٷˣƶڴˣ
մ磬ֵܹ»ɽλ֮ӵģֻݵƾӶѣЩƾӣǿʢһʱĴƵ۹ȻҲ֮
սŸոտʼ
ΪҷӾܸıⳡս𣿡
˲ˣͬʱһ˺֮ľ롣
ʲô˼
ԣһʱоһ˿
ֻһЦûǣѾоˣȻһЩһѾ˳Ľ뵽˵׶Σ
Ҳýе׶εļƻˣ
ˣ
һ̣ղһǿʶ˲ƿնԶ
𣡡
ֻһ˲еضҡĳӡϢ󷨺Ȼѣͬһʱ䣬һɺްӸгһɲǣݶȻֲޱ޼ʣϯķ
һ̣˵ĿУһֻɽͰ޴Գ·ڵһ㣬Ӹڳ𣬹âһԳͬʯһصڵϣǿĳվȡ
վԳ
˵ĿУƵľӺ󷽣ͻȻƾնһͷɸߵԳξޡ
ͷվԳսΧһ󾪺Զİ»ɽҲ΢΢ɫ
ʳ㾡Ѫ֧޾ţ˹֮ս֮ս´ܱߵûмҲѸһ۱˳
ֻǺϢЩ̫һͷվԳϲǿһǶһЩ˫ȣԳۣȭͷԼظλãһЩرƵĿס
ЩײûȫֻסһЩҪȴķԼ
վԳӴޱȣٴƵףԽĺˡ
սϣÿһͷȻʿж¶һ˿ľͲ
˵ΪʵǴÿԼ𺳡
ȻͰˣ
У֯һĻҲΪ⡣
ӴĽվԳͨʿ˵൱ħһĴڣЩ˵ȴû̫Σա
ǣϷľӪ£ѳһ֪Ľأһ֮ǡ
ڳﲻ֪˶ٽƣ˵ʵȻҲûз֣ﾹȻһͷСɽĽվԳ
¡
վԳأǸ޴Ľصڵϣôز˳о޴Ľ˫ۣȻ԰ټƣɫʽ׵սʿ
Щʿ˵ĸоǳ⣬ǴšϢʿȻͬ
ֻƬ̣һ죬Ŵ󿪣һִ֧ѸٴɱЩ˴ͬʽףټսϣĴԵø롣
¡¡
֧ٶȼ죬ֻһĹؿռ䣬ӵǰսŽվԳڵλöȥ
ĵ㲻ΪͷԳͿԶԿΪⳡսر׼ĩղ𣿡
ȻһĻȴЦ
֮ǰгӣ˱ΪʲôرֶΣֻһͷվԳԼһ֧
ûģֻ˶ѣ
һҲǱġ
𣡡
ȻӦǵȴǽվԳһû˷ӦӴĽվԳͻȻԾδгĽ޹ɨ
Ȼá
ȻһЦһΣɱ˽վԳĹ
վԳͨ˵ޣӵмֲǰͲ
ƾֱֱŵĹǵ½ǿ¶մ徹ȻԸǣֱЦ

Х޴ºɨȻɾͱ˶ˡ
ʧ
֮࣬Ͼ壬Լ
ⳡսֻһѣڽվԳⳡս㹻ʱʰж˿Ҳ׾٣ȻͷոӹԺһ̡
䣡
û˿ףԭֱŵĽվԳͻȻ䶯ӿʮֹһ˲¶ɺ̾Ϊֹȫ޷׾ϵһ
ûӦվԳеǸ޹ȻԤеǵ˶켣Ȼһݺݵԭһˡĵط
ֻһ죬һոƶͱվԳһɨУǾ޴Ľ޹ʵʵĺϣǾ޴㽫˳ҵϣ岻ѡ
ܣôܿҵƶ켣
е󣬼겻塣
ɵͬʱһ˷޷޵ļЦվԳץŽ޹һԾ޴Ķ
޴
Ƕɺľ޴Уͬ˼
쵰

һɲǣ˶ʱ׹зߺ޲ѣʲôվԳ͵һ߷
ǲǵģҪԤǵƶ켣ĻȴԶûôӡ
𣡡
վԳһһȴûм׷ɱⳡսؼ·Щҷӡ
䣡
û˿ԥվԳţ̤Ǿ޴ĽźȻһ̤ҷӵĴУɾͽҷ̤촷ۡ
󣬽վԳн޹ݺһ֣͵زЩҷӹ͵ĵط
һ죬𶯣ҷֱӱӴڿն𣬶ͬ߷ݰ˳ȥ
վԳһӴںҷӵսв˾˵Ч


ڶǧ Ŷ
飡
ֻһıըһһɳȥҷͻȻ֮ӶıըЩԳӴ󹥻ڲͬ飬ıм裬׳ۡ
ܣ
һĻԶ񹤳˫۱Լ۾
ô飬ܣ
û˱ЩҷӵʵʣΪЩҷӵĵ֮һ
ЩҷӱϾһЩʬһں϶ɣĳ̶ֳϣǱˣԲܵʲôˣֻҪͷ­ڣ޷׵Ĵݻǡ
վԳĽ޹һڽڲ֮ҷ˵ֹʽɱǡǡ͵ġ
վԳһܹɱһҷսʿѾǶˣһҷսʿڰбм
бΣ
񹤳ϵĿѸɨǰսڷһ˿ߡ
վԳŵǸƺ˵Ľ޹ҲУ񹤳ȴ֣ͷվԳȴʲô
ǺǡĳεĶ
ܣǸô
ͻȻ䣬·ϳʲô񹤳𣬽
ﶦ
ʯ䣬һͷԺзӶ񹤳ϵɫʱѿޱȡ
ôܣﶦѾʧ˽ǧ꣬ҹܾã춼֪λãôҵõֶ
񹤳촽龪ޱȡ
񹤳ϲ̫ʼսǿߣǵ֯ǿֶΣȻ˼£¼еı֪
Ⲣﶦһγ֣£ΨһһܹҷĶ
ֻǿҷӣһͬӵмǿĿá
֯һ޴в
ݻ󶦣
񹤳н̲סǰ˻
һ̣֪׼֧Ǹʲôˡ
ţ
ǰսУҲĿӹؿռ䣬һ۾ע⵽󷽵񹤳ϡ
Ȼǰûмǿ־Եĺۣʲô
һ˵ģ
ȻһЦ
ֻƾ仰ǸϼһͲһˣֻں֯Ҳӵмߵĵλ㱻ԷʵҲ⣬սһжԤ֮Уܴ߾ݴ󶦵ˣڻڡ
ɱ
ֻһڽվԳԱߣѾʧܾõԾ䣬ϵһ漴˵ľŶӶףһŶҷӾųȥ
ҷӾŵʵ̫ǿˣ˵ľ籩һ˺ŴƵͣʮħѾڱıԵ
գ
һܼ֧ر׼ľŶѸɱս
𣡡
û˿ԥľԳͬɱս䣡
ŶһɱҷӣһŶӵһ֮㣬һһ޻صƣݺݵײ˹ȥеĳҲźݺݵȥ
ϣ
ཻ˫սмҵײһ
ΧȣŶӵʵûǿ٣ϲû̫Ĳࡣ
Ȼһȴ֮ǰս֮
žž˵ĿУǿ󵽼ɴݻٵҷӳֽұͻȻһ죬ͬһ㣬˲ϢѿϸСѺۡ
ҷһϢҲԲһ£˫ɺ¶һ˿㵵ɫ
֣죡
ʯ䣬Ŷӵ˻е
ɲǼ䣬ΧĴƾγѣͬŶӵսʿ㳯ҷӿ񹥶ȥ
飡
ֻƬ̣ͺĲһ㣬ҷӵұ͵رѿֻץ⼣߰ߵĹӳҲžһڵϡ
䣡
ЩԶûнŶӵ𵴣ųϵĳҷȥ̺һÿһʱһѲİɫ˳ŵûҷӵڡ
Щɫǿ󣬵һ˿˿һȥ֮ȴЩǿҷ˼ƻ
һưɫƺӽṹϳ׵߽ЩҷӵĹɡ
䣡
Ƭ֮һ죬Χ籩ĹϵҷӾͷ·ľеһ㣬ɺĹâͬҡҷһ£ȻϨ
ӴͬµսҲƽɽһصĵڵϣϢ
棬ĳɹˣ
ֱҷµһ̣ܵĴƾл𶯣ǾȻƾƣɱһ֮ҷӡ
죡һǣ
ʱŶУĺ٣ĺ鲻ϴӲ԰׵ϵȻոǳսĲС
Ŷӳ͵ʱֻ̫̣ԼһսԶôɣڵľݴ΢̫ܳá
ûЩⳡս֮
飡
žŶӵļ룬սѸٷ˱仯ԭݺ۳޵еҷӵһ谭ٶӶҷӲϵ׹ڵأôһһǧʵǿҷӵ˱ĴϣѪ
֧ӵô£
һĻԶİ»ɽɵƤɫ䡣
쵰״Ĳӣ
ܣϾκαԶԿҷӣ
»ɽɫѿѡ
һսԭֻǧҷӣʱ»ɽΪƾǧҷӾͿɨ£Ӯյʤ
Ǵǰǰ֧ƵľӣȻɲҷӵĶ֣Ҳûз֮
ôƬ̣Ѿ˽ǧҷӣǺ̫ʼҷӣһսµҷӿºܿҪĥ
쵰
һսµĲȫˣҲҪ
»ɽԶҧгݣеɱŨޱȡ
еˣֶ̫ˣ㲻һı壬˵ȥսˣ
ɱǣһ
»ɽɫݣüλãƤһصķ֣һ̣һǿľѸƿնӵǰҷӡ
̫ʼӡǣͨģ»ɽֱǰҷӡ
ণ
Ű»ɽǰҷӾͻȻһ̶ķХеҷϢθһأĳŴƵľӹȥ֮ǰȣֹ
ۣһѪ䣬һһŶӵﱻʿ壬׷׹ڵأһϢޡ
ⳡսУҷӾͬԾŶӵо޴в


ڶǧ Ԯ
ϣ
һ}˵˻У࣬ʵǿҷ죬һͱУǰȥ
䣬ѪֻһĲҽУʮ赲ǰĴﱻķѣһ֫ϱ۶Ҳ
Ǿôһ˲ȫˣֻɫıмſҷͷһ׵ķ˿Ʈ裬ĿһתȻֱսߴ󣬿˵ĽվԳ
䣡
û˿ԥҷ쾹Ȼͬһ㣬ӭɽͰĽվԳһ˹
𣡡
վԳ͵һݺݻ£ͬʱҷҲ͵һŽվԳ˹ȥ
һһСɲɱıײһֻһ죬ըغҷ쾹Ȼƾһ֮Ӳ˽վԳ⾪춯صһ
ֹˣ˹ɲǣһŨòı͸Ǹ޹¶ϣŽվԳȥ
ǡȻԳȡҷӵ
һ̣ƤһŽվԳоһ˿
ҷֵʱԿԸоһɱ·籩ӺҷӾкƺƵӿٴ뺣ûǰҷڡ
ӴҷչֳȻ˿ѷվԳ
ֻһ˲վԳкһݾŶָֻ֣ȭ͵һҷݺݺȥ
ԭ׺ޱȣŽվԳҷ죬һ£ֳһ˿ɵһݣбɲܿݻ˹ơ
ݾŶȻԿҷӡ
ʱȷɡ
ˣսϵɶԴƲҷˮһ㣬ӿϳŴͣôƬ̣дʿҷѹԵʵǰЩʿ޷ֵ
ҷڲһɹɱ˪͸Щͨʿ壬ܶʿʱ򣬻װ࣬ѸټӲһϸϸ˪
ϣ
˸ҷӹƾصݣ
ս󷽣Ǭϣһֱǰս
һսѾ˺󷽣һдʹƾ֮ľ룬ҷɱ˲գֱۣңôһܵķĲӣһжͬˡ
ҷǰ棬ֻԸǲסƴܽƾӾڴˡ
ǧѷĻᣡ
ϣ
Ǭͦİγ
ɱ
ŴǬӵҲٴγŴɱȥζʱöԴƼ䲻
ֹˣǬһУѸٽ
֪ͨáǬ棬Լͻλֳ֧ػԼ϶֧Բǻصݡ
˵һ䣬Ǭӹһ˿Ĺâ
һսĲ׽һ˿ᡣ
úͰͺķ֧ǰлǸвڣһĻᣬ֧ӾݼԶֻҪסǣֹǻϣ˵֧ܽһ򾡡
ǣ
Ѹתʧڸ
ߣʥվһջˣϣûʲôʥ
ǬӶԶޱȡ
̫СˣҪư£ôûһЩֶΣվΪԸۡ
һսǰ켣ҲȻֹ
ˣ
ǬԺвŸոͷ¡¡ضҡһӴͻȻӸϵķ
֮ѹսϵĺɱɲǼ䣬ԨġǬӡǬ桢߲Լ󷽵İ»ɽɫ䣬׷̧ͷϷ𶯴ķȥ
ɱ
˵ĿУһ캰ɱԶ籡̺ս⣬ʹӴĸݶȻֻʱ䣬һɫĸƺƵԶĵƽߴɱ
ڶǰһ˾޴սӭƮսһ޴ġ¡Ŀޱȡ
ôܣ
һɲ»ɽҲ̲סʧ
³λƵ۹ͻȻʱϵˣ
ôô죿
۾һĲš
̫ˣ
³оٶԶĻҪöࡣ
ϣ
ս˻𺳣һ̣һ˻Уһ֧Ƶº˸Ȼһȣս

һ󾪺Ĵдʿ֧¶ηɫ
ʱգ˹֮սʼµ֧±һһѪսڻһһǿĶ֮£Ϊȫ¹ϵǿ
ϸ׷ݣǰ׷ݵ֮սУӸҴһǧȸʿԻκ˵أһħԻƵȸֽõ
ô֧Ӳǻں𣿡
ǿڼսпһĻҲ¶һ˿ηͼɵɫ
˺ηǿĶҲˣ¿ҲףڵĶϣѾﵽ۷壬ⷽ棬ԶԶ޷֮ȡ
¡¡
غֻƬ̣ҵΪףӰңǰ㣬
ϣֻӶĸУһһ貵Ĺ⻷ЩĽ±ŷƵĹ⻷˴˹һȻһ塣
¡
ֻһɲǼ䣬ϵϢȻθһأǿҵϢ˸ϢΪ֮仯
Ǿ˵ϢͽվԳսҷ춼ע⵽ˣ̲סʶĳķһۡ
ɱ
˾޴ս£»ɽҧɫޱȡ
Ҫٵ壬ͱٵ֧µ
ǰòŰ»ɽҷѾܵвһ֧Ѹٷɳķɱȥ
¡
ɽ𶯣ЩҷӵĳһɹɺϯأսϻһŶȥ
֧¼ɱľţϳȥ˫ľԽԽٶҲԽԽ죬˭Ҳûк˵ļ
һɲսսһƬţĿ׷׾ۼ֧ϡ
ɣ
һɣ
ʮɣ
ڸٳ£˫ѾһΣյľ롣
׼
ɱ
ڶǰ棬͸ߴ󣬷·һͨҵ˫սо޽ǰƺƵƾ˵ҷӣĿᶨ޾ս⡣
ͬеȸֽһֱָܼ֣ա
ʣ֧ҷԶκζֶҪǿö࣬ȴ⡣


ڶǧ VSҷӣ
¡
һ̣֧µǿսײһ
ҵо޽һӣգޱȵϯս԰ټƵҷ߷ݰɳȥ
Щӵв֮ҷӣҵǰҲͬԵСޱȡ
Ȼͬһʱ䣬·İһһѪײǧҷӷ׷ױײɳȥ
֧ı֮սԶеĲҵö֧࣬ٶȺޱͬʱ£˭ҲûãֳκѪ֮Եֵ˵ġ
ҷַҲͬԳܡ
ΪԵ
̶ֻһ˲˫͸Գ֧˵һвŽǿʼ
ϣ
ڵһսɲǣƵͶҷӣ˴ȮѸɱһ
ͣ
һһеȸֽŶһҷӵĲݺǱܵģҷֱһӣ⼣߰ߵĹŴֵȥ
һ̣ͬˮ棬˴ֿһضϽ˶ͷ­ŷɳʧȥͷ­ҷڳ֮ͬľ׮㣬ֱ׹ڵء
ǿҷӣʮƾĹǰҲһֻѰ֡
Щ⼣߰ߣȴӲĹŴףֵͬסȸֽĹ
飡
һǧҷӷ촦׹ڵء
һҷӾѾ֮ǰʧܺ͡
ֲɱöڽѡ
Ϊҷʲô԰»ɽǬӵ˲Խ֧ܵӵĿ֮
һս֮ǰ»ɽݽ֣˵رûпԵֵҷӵಿӣȻڴС
վҵĸ֮ΣҪ֧ȫݻ١
Զ»ɽ΢۾ܵǿҵв
䣡
ܿ죬սգҷӾѸ˵ҷӸı䷽򣬳ȥ
ЩҷУ³ֵв̶ѾԶԶоľʮħ󣬳ҪĨĶ
󳵲ӣȫظݣ
սУҵеؽһӣըԵʮҷɳȥ
ЩҷӻڰУѾ飬ҵһնΡ
սϣͺԮĵִƷ棬ƴʢҵȴ֪ڵûôֹۡ
ȻɱǧҷӣնΣ֧µҲž޴ĳ
ۣ
ھ벻ԶĵطһֲһҷһնϿս˳ƻԳ굽µ
ȻǿֲĻӿ׼׵סȻ̲סſһѪԭҲѸٱò԰ףԪˡ
ÿ˶ôˣһط۵һһطĽ⼣߰ߣȾѪһĲᴩ߶ûһͱһɱ
ҷӵвԶֻеĵ
սһҷͻȻԳһ죬һץסһֱƽӴɲǣһŨı˪̺֮ǿҵĸʴѸٺڡ
ֻ꣬գۼ䣬Ϳ࣬ѸٻΪһ
ҷץʬ壬Ϻݺһֻһɱڵķѣ廯ΪıмǸб棬ֻʣյףһ
ǧǧǧⳡսУܵʧԶеĴöࡣ
ҵһĻĶڵѪ
֧ȫһֵܣ빲ߵڡ
ڴ֮ǰһֱֻһˣļѪҺµĺͿʯǱҲ·ֵĺ䵽ڵĹģ
ڣֻôƬ̣Ѿ롣
ˣûκ֪ǰЩֽҲûκ˳ɺ
Ϊ˶֪ǾǴϣκ
䣡
սҵʱһ쳹սպɽףӳ೵󣬼뵽սС
âһһɱҷ߶ûһͱʮ䱬ͷ­׹¡
һţţšļ£԰ټƵҷӷ׷ױͷ­
ı䷽򣬾׼ȹؽڣ
ĿɨǰսպɽйâһͻȻ
飡
û˿ԥ󳵲ִպɽһһѸٻؿռ䣬һһƥҷսǰȹؽڡ
˻Уսʧȥƽ⣬Ѹ˵ڵأѩϵҷҲһͬƷɳȥ
һ̶ʱ䣬ǧƵҷܵӰ죬׷״Ʒɳȥ
պɽսϵʱı䣬ʹҷӵĴѸһƬңҷӵѹ
һ࣬󳵲ӵֵסҷӣҲоǳ˵ʱ
ˣ
ҵսУͬ޴󽫾˼´֪²úԶɱثҲ´ͬ
зǳʣثϾǶ󽫣ҷӵĳָıսֵƽ⡣
Щ˵ҷӣɱ̫ǿ󣬳ڳظݣĿǰѵѡ
ߣ
һ£ثѸ´˳˵ثֱӳˣֹһݲӣرǰ»ɽļЩӣȻŸȥ
׼ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬̫ٱҲյԶ
һսȻδȫĿѾﵽһƬңܶ˶һƬãȻʴӣͻʣɣ߾ڶսʿһǻֺ̿;塣
֧ĳ֣Ѿ״ǵļƻҪǣݻǹƣҲĥǵš
Ǳߣҷһ̫ʼ֮󣬰»ɽеѾȫ¶ٶڴ˵ûκܿԡ
ণ
ûعܿ쳯һͺķڵķ򣬷һХ
úͰͺķ֮䣬ҲйһЩŶԷӦԼ˼
֣ܲɳĵһϺ󣡡
ջĿ⣬ԱһŨܺĲ³
ɳսףǵÿϵɳȡɳս֮һ֧ӡ
µľӲԹ»ΪĿ꣬ҲԷݾΪĿģɷ򱣼ر߽
ֻҪҹ̫ƽɳҹǣлɳص
ʱȣԶм֧ҷ˵ķɱȻ»ɽҲע⵽ǱߵĶͨЩҷǣסǵĴ


ڶǧһʮ ֻսף
ɱ
ܿ죬ɳбɲɱõɱĴ֮УѾҵɱһƬҡ
Ĵû˿ͣ⳷ȥ
ûѡֱӳݣѡһָӸӵķʽȡͻʴԭԭ·ء
Ȼʱȴӱհȫ
ôͿʼЩҷǱеĻҪ°
սһ򣬰ͺķҲõХʱ仹̣ҷӵĺܶණ˽⣬ǰսŴսֻüĺɱҲУսϣҷռơ
Ѧǧǰǰ濪·һȥֱͨظ֮ǣ
͸ķĿݣѡһ̫ٱýȻͬĵ·
ıֻͬˣս˺ףװ˼㡣
Ұ֮䶨λǹģӴļսԵĵҲԼϡ
һһսģӦĳ
ɺСĹӵĻԼܵƵ˿ʹܴģȥѰĴֻ׷
ɱ
һ£ͺķһȣһ򰲸һȺ˺ƺƵһһ޻صƳŶȥ
һ򰲸˼󽫾Ϳˣ
ͺķǰͬڵķа
ǡͺķ޷Ӻ·أҪǿ䴩ս
ĺɱ׼˵ͬ޴󽫾˼üͷһعͷʲô
һʱһʱ󺣷ⶳѦǧ˰¥ͣںϾ밶߲Զĵط֮СɢѴ½ء
ڿս֮ǰûκ⣬˵ʱַͨСɢص¥ȫвͨ
»ɽɳһ֧β׷ɱͺķʧء
һӦͺķ󽫾
һ̣𶯣˼һ£ͳеͬһѳһ㣬ѸɱսԶİȥ
֮ǰͬ˼ͬﲢûսǽĸ߻Էӵ˼£ѸٳԶɱȥ
סǣ
֮УǬһĻѸβ׷ȥ
ǰ˼ͳʵһͬһۣһҽУܿľ֣Ѹٽ
󳵲ӣʮ壬ƽ䣡
֮Уպɽͬע⵽һĻһ£ֳһ󳵲ӣЭ˼ǰս
һУ׷׵£Ĺ£Ļҳ̶ȽһӴ
صģȥȫԸҷӣͺķǱӦ
˵ʱʱ죬һգͻȻպɽĶһ̣պɽʶĻعͷÿ³ź󷽵Ԯٵִ
³ûкպɽǻϣǴһңԶĵطսȥ
պɽĿһпϤ׺ģһ֧֧µıѾʱϵս
պɽİӵӰ
İȫǲؿؼףʱƴ󿪴ϣޱȣսϣǽƽޱȵİӣֱجκͿǣǵĻȱ㡣
Ϊ֧ĲǰϵսֱӸÿİӵսʿ䱸һƥͻʵĶս

һĻպɽжʱһ
ˣ
࣬»ɽҲѵ˴Ĳӣ۶ıֻ࣬ǿ
Щֳ֣պɽ֪ͺķѦǧǱѾòˡ
ȥ֯ڶߣһǺܿͻϣ
պɽйһױͻȻ
ǣ
ߺܿɶȥ
ƺŨ̹֮Ĺڽܹĵ޲ǽǧƵĶ⹤׼Ĵ油ϣǽ޸ٶȣԶеĿöࡣ
ʱΪֹΧȱڣѸٱ޲ɣǽױٻҲȫ޸֮ԭʤһ
󳷣ϵĽУ˼ƻɵĽС
Ҳϵսʱ˿̣˵עսʱͻȻ
䣡
һ춯صľ죬һӰصģֱ׹ڴϣһӴţӰ׹ĵطԲڣҵıը
̳ըصƷʯ飬ͬĻѩըǧ֮ߣըĲսƺضҪߵǹƼֱˡ
ôһɲǣսһƬš
ߣ֪ߵغĶŸոͻƵ쾳ΪھͿԺͱƥ𣿡
һһ㣬Ӳ
һ˲˶˳̫ʼ
ϵ̫ʼôո׹Ӱʡ
壡
ͷӹԺث³˼͸ķáеĴ󽫾Ƕһɫɷס
ⳡսټңҲȲ̫ʼ֮սǸ̫ʼˣӵ̫ص壬ûκһ˿ԶԿ̫ʼ
պɽҵ취赲ҷӣȥԸ̫ʼ
һպɽУһ̣ĵһ̥Ѹٳ𣬳ű׹ĵطȥͬһʱ䣬ĵ̥Ҳʩչ磬ֱӽԨģԼ˹ɺ˱ɣͬսɶȥ
̫ʼʵԶеĿ£˶쾳ҲȻǵֵס֮ðԸ̫ʼԨĵˣ֮ǰսУѾǴЩѾѶԴɽһвˡ
סǣǷ̫ʼˣ
ͬһʱ䣬̫ʼһͬǰļһΣҲѸս̥ķ׷ȥ
պɽ²õ˿һĻȻнţȴҲֻʧڰС
̫ʼ̫磡
ڴƷ˾ĲѵʱһϤͻȻ˶δ䣬¡һʯ쾪ڱըĺģһӰѸٰεض𣬷Уı塣
֮ǰͬʱ϶һصĺɫսףսױ滹һЩµĽɫģ͸һ˿ϵع򲨶
ֻսף
Ϊִ֮ս׽ĸһ̬ǿ󣬲̺ʱյ
Ψһǣ֮ǰսһʹֻսͬҪĴ㡣
̫ʼ֮ǰһǿţֻսױס˻
ˣ
ͬʱâһһ̥͵̥֣˲һ죬һһңͬʱ˫硣
̥ڰҲ͸룬ͬӿĽһ㣬ûڡ


ڶǧһʮһ ս
ߣ
˺ı̥Ϊһ壬ڵһ㣬ѸŸϷ̫ʼȥ
ڰþ
Ȫ
ͬʱȴͬһʱ䣬ɰֺޱȣϣͬǺգ弱׷Ǽ̫ʼ
Ȼ徫֮ϵ̫ʼûһۡ
յİأ̤㵽ľ磬ڵ壬ѴﵽһԴزǿ߶ڵ˵ѾԹв
ͷҲûأһ죬ֱӴ̥нӹʮ컯ɵĻƽǹֳ·ȥ

Сģ
һ󾪺ĿУ׳ǹɶ˱ɫĳǹ׳磬ֱŶȥ
䣡
һ̵ֻбɲǱȥһȴǶܲŸոӳߣͱĽɫǹУҽųŵ׹ȥ
УʧȥӰ
ǿЩҲԿ̽쾳ս
ܣ
ĸĳʵսʱյĵط̫ʼһɫĹףԺһֽɫĹ֣Ӱеʥķ·еһ㡣
ֻǴʱ˿̣̫ʼעȴȫ·۵糸ϡ
Ժһֹ̫ʼ֯ڲһǿķ˵
ƻ̫ҪˣԲʧҲǡ족Ὣԭ
̫ʼ֪ոյһжǿûܹһǿΣû˶㲻ϡ

ף
Ŀһ̫ʼܿע⵽صĺڽɫսס
ǻ֮ӵֶ𣿡
ȻǺ̫ʼѸٴƲһЩߡ
ˣ̫ʼɱȴԽҡ
ҵҪж͡
âһ̫ʼͬһӰ㣬Ѹٶʱʧ
ʵǿĻҪǿö࣬ǧĻۣվһ¾ܳԽġ
̫ʼʧһʱ¶صɫ
̫ʼǿ٣ԺǸֵĹȦֺ̫ʼͻȻ绢ʱյĲٿˮһʱ徹ȻԲ׽ټ

ͻȻ֮䣬彫̥ľΪһ壬ľǧ˿ƣ糱ˮ㳯ʱɢȥһΣڷһЩߡ
Լĳ΢ʱƽ㣬ɹ׽̫ʼ޵Ϣ
䣡
û˿ԥͻȻ͵һȭ⵴ݺݺȥ
ͬʱâһ̫ʼʥ·oһӰͻȻи֡ڹĶ쾳Ϊһīжʮ׳ľͳǹȥ
Ϊﵽ쾳ʹʲôʽѾҪˣΪ쾳ǿÿһж̺ʱշ֮ѾԶԶκʽ
ֻһ춯صľ죬һȭһǹнһޱߵĻΪģ˷ϯ
꣬һɲշһ粣ѵĴ죬һ˲䣬֪ʱܵսĲķѡ鿪

һ̫ʼ۵ľͺǹɷ飬һݣȻһ̫ʼ
ںΪһ壬ǾӣҲо˺̫ʼһս֮
޴ȻˣҾͰϣ׷飡
̫ʼɫ˫һϣȻ۳һĿԼ߷ƵĹŴ
ףâտտȻ۳߸˰׽ɫǹϸȥÿһ׽ɫǹ϶һǹĽɫģһּΣȴʥĸо
þ֮ǹɣ
̫ʼգһУ߸˰׽ɫǹԶǹڲӵһŨʱղѸ׼塣
䣡
ǹƿգֻ˲ţٶȿֲޱȡ
һ̣âһһ죬Ѹٵ߸˰׽ɫǹǰٶȲأһֱ̫ʼٿص߸˰׽ɫǹȥһ
ˣ
û˿ף߸˳ǹмֻƣ˲䶨ա
磡
һ̣̫ʼ۾𶯵ʱһ߲ͣͻȻʱͬһʱ䣬̫ʼҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
䣡
û˿ףͺصԶŵıͣԲǧڣ̫ʼڵλã˲¿񽵣еһжʱա
籾ǵ̥ͨλһ壬̥Ҳͬʩչȴȵ̥Ӵöࡣ
ʲô
һĻ̫ʼһһвǵʽ̫ʼи֪һִ⵽ع򲨶
飡
ʯ䣬̫ʼһ̤һ׽ɫĹ⻷֣ռһС׽ɫʱ֮Ÿոճ֣ͱһ
ͬһʱ䣬һɻصĺӿ˲䴩͸̫ʼա
ﺣ֮ս廹ûдﵽ쾳ѾԶס̫Ǭʵǣ͸Ӳͬն
ɱ¾֮ǹ
һжס̫ʼһ塢һ̥̥׷׸Ρ׳ʮ졣𶯵ǣʮէһ֣ͺܵĳ㣬ˮ齻ڣ϶Ϊһ
һУӴޱȵʮΪϸ͹ӣδĽɫǹ
һлԶûнݣһ׹Ǳ̫ǬĻƽǹȡǹλá
ɱ¾֮ǹ
ֻ֣ȴ֮ǰͬն
飡
һڳǹεɲǣչǹһ籼׳㳯̫ʼɱȥ
һ̫ʼܵĻᶼûУΪڱķΧڣʱ䶼Ѿˡ
ΨһģƾٻһףסԼš
䣡
̫ʼոһУĹѾǱֲɱ¾֮ǹʯ㣬֮ٺݺײ̫ʼĿڡ

ǿ̫ʼܵҵһҲشһϵȻסֲһǹֻԵʱ֮͸ǹ⣬˲뵽ڡ
ۣ
̫ʼһ̲ס۵ſһѪԭݵѸٱò԰ޱȣǹϵǿɽ̫ʼӸ߿кݺȥ
һһһǽ̫ʼ֮ǰԸԼķʽر
䣡
̫ʼ׹أ̳ﵽ˽֮ߣֻһ˲̫ʼʧٴζС
ǵ𣿡
崣գ棬ʲô
̫ʼϵĹŴս׾ǿԼֻսףҲֻսôǿԺһعȦƺӵͨ˼ɵѡ
ûоĺʹİҪɱһֱ̫ǿߣȻ¡
а
ܸոյĽʤȴ˿Ҵ⡣


ڶǧһʮ սԻسǣ
ԽǿʽԽ󣬶Ҵֻսսÿʱÿ̶Ҫ㣬Ȼһʱõ㲻⣬ҵԸ̫ʼķַʽͬɳ־á
ԭҲ̫ʼ㲻˱ɣ
ͻȻһЦ糱ˮܱա
һƬžǺܿ죬һߡ
Цһ֪Լļ̫ʼá
֯һڼ֪Լǹģ̫ʼһܲˣ
䣡
зһʱ֮Ϊģ㣬Ѹٷա
һΣѸһʱ֮ͨУʧ֮ǰƳһ۵棬΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
³˲ͻҹоķʽ룬ڰʱִ˸֮ǣļ룬ҲһЧ٣ҷӾǱ߲˿ɵˡ
̫ٱáɺ󽫾ͺķǱߣҲԭļƻ߳ˣߺսĲǹԼ֣֡糱ˮӿţڡ
սڣԼõݵһģһ
սճ־ãѾһ֮ǣǺһ·£Ѿ˶ͻʴԭҲ½ƽ
ûзĲݳ죬ʱվڴһࡣ
Ҳڷԭ
ֻҪ취ס̫ʼͿˣ
ʯ䣬ԺѸһͷ
̫ʼʵ̫ǿˣû赲áͺķ˼ثȴͳ˧¸һ
ݸİҲΪݱĶ
ֻҪ̫ʼһսҲʡ

䣡
ĺ쳹սټϷزȫ뵽˶ԸҷӾŵսС
еսУҫ۵ǾͳͽվԳĹ
ͳÿһζԱסرּҵս֮УҷӸϾˣҪ֮ǰ뻮һͬЭԶûôס
𣡡
һ࣬վԳҷ֮սͬҡ
ͷ֮սдľ֮ƾһ֮סҷԼҷҷҪԿĽվԳͱõҷӵ֮ҲǣƵҷӣٴƾٵѹ
飬޹䣬ʼκβǿҷ죬ըನĲҷӣһҷըգɷ顣
¾ߣ
ͬʱҷռݾƵսϣһȺӰͬĿ
ЩӰÿһ׳˶绢ܣսϲϵݺᡢЩ¾䱸ȫǶ׺;ͱУ࣬ʵȴǿޱȡ
ؽ޷棬ɲһͱвϻ䣬ÿһζҷ˴նأΪҡ
Щҷ̫죬Ǿ¾ߣһɱ¾ͷҲ飬ֱۡԼϵףʱʱԿһ㱡ı˪
ֱڵľ
ֻǴʱ˿̣ûκһ˺ˡ
סҷӣֻ·һ
ĿľӪ˴嵱ŬҲѾ½Ƽ˴˼Ĭֵʵ֣ﵽ½ǿʢĵز
ĴƣֻҪսǰսƻԼսĿģϵ£д佫Ѹжʵִ
䣡
սһ࣬һ춯صĺɺİͰ˼ͬǹ䴩սɹսвһ
̣ǬӡǬ棬ˣƴȫҪ赲ĻϣԼİӵķɱ͹ɾ
ͻĽǾⲨɱУֱһ룬ǱҲ˴ʹǬӵһʹѡ
Ļ쵰ѵֹ𣿡
»ɽںҲҧгݣ˫۷졣
һԣ仰ҲǳĬѡ
Ȼƴ󣬵վֻʱɵˣʹʮ۵İȣŲСࡣ
رĺճǽƵֻۺƷӵ˼¡
ⷽ棬»ɽҪ̶̼ͨѵı֮ƥУվǲС
⣬ռƵǣ֧µʧѾǳ޴󣬵ȵǣҷڳֶԸЩİӣȻԽ׼𡣡
սֻ̣һսĿǼԷ˳ԭֻҪܹͳ£мʧһЩҪ˵أ
룬ǳڰο
»ɽĬãսŻɿ
ֻҪɱ壬ƣٱں
Ҳᰲ»ɽķӦŰ˼ͰͺķλĻϣѦǧһ·ڴһսͨݵͨ
󽫾лˣ
ͺķŶİ˼Ե
ؿսգ֮Ǿ췵ظݣǱ߿֧Ų˶ˡ
˼ͬԣ侲
ʲôҷӡ
ͺķԣɫһ
˼ûж˵ֻǵ˵ͷ
ͬ˺ﲢս֪һѵ֧жô£ľ³Щµľ綥ȫĽꡣ
ǿ֧ҷӾţȻ˴δйľ޴ֻҪһ룬˼оз
ǿߵﶼסҷӣͬȥ֧Ŷã
ͷ˼ֻҪ룬о¡
ʱ˿̣ǿлţϾԶԶɵʱ
ݣ
һ̣ͬϣΪһĳŸݵķȥ
󣬳ǧĴ糱ȥ
ϣȫϣҪѽڣ
սţѦǧÿһ񾭶˼㣬ָĴͬͰǰȥ
վãѦǧҲһЩ裬Ѧǧͳ˧Ŵǵˣڳ˵ͬʱڴ಻ϳɱңγһεıϣʧ͡
ڳ˵ĹУҲܹһɱս֡
Ӧǣ
պɽ۹·˷սϵƣʱ̶ڹעţ˼Ͱͺķ֮պɽٴָ󳵲ӽ䣬ѸΪ֧һƬսΪγ˼ѹ
һ࣬³ҲָٴγһԭѾܵԽĻɢ
ӦϣѦǧڿΣյı볡ϲս
һĻǬӵȻаٰ㲻ʣҲֻѦǧȥ


ڶǧһʮ ֣
ߣȷظݣһеȵү˵
ͺķ˴ܼսɱһѪ·صӪأ³һ
ţ
ͺķǱҲûж˵ŰѸٳųĸŶȥ
¡
޴ĳųţ˼£һһĴϳУڳ˵ĹУҲûڳⲼһ塣
нٶȺܿ죬Ƭ֮ثأ߳ϵĲӶص˸֮ǡ
ҵǣ󳷣ʧˣ
Ĳˣ³Ѧǧ
Ѧǧǣȸҵͨͨĸȥ֪ͨﳷˣò
үô죿
Ѧǧǰսĵʵʱ̫ʼֵ塣
ˣּĸ֣ܱģ嶼ԸǸˣǾ͸ӲǶ֣ⷽ棬ֻ壡
³
սϵ˲Ϣ䣬Ȼ֮ǰսУƼȫǵƣ³ĿһɨֻսŴƸĳˣԭҵѾָ
ٲˣȵҷӾϯǱ߾Ҳ߲ˡ
סǣˣ˳صУ
ʱһХãã纣дǬӴһͷһ˶ߵϣĿ֮ǳҪ
ҪˣһֱгǬӿȴûоȥֹ
һȻΪ֮ǰսѾһƬң㣬һ棬Ϊһֱڵȴڵʱ
ʵЩѾȫߣ¶ϺĶǾ񣬶ǾеľʱֻҪѹϣסǣǳ׵Ľⳡս͵ǰʤ
¡¡ŴǬӵеݽ죬еݾ·ڵĽһ㣬ķȥ
ģ
һ࣬Ҳ⣬һ£еʿţͬǰɱȥ
ϣ
ûйԣ߾ʵԨģͻʻʵ˹ɺλ½ĴкһͳŸԵıͬǰɱȥ
һսǶͻʺǸ߾۹ʧ˴ıʧ֮Ԩĺ˹ɺҲ˴Ϣ˥࣬Ѿȫ˲Щ
ǧѷĻᣬΣһҪܴƣ
Х˹ɺһƥͻԣһǰǰɱȥ
ͻʴԭѾزȥˣѩ⣬ֻ·һ
ûʶһ󺮳ѾѶͻʱϾ·
˹ɺܹоõеĺǰȣࡣ
ǱĴ󺮳ƽ
ܴƣռǶͻʺĿǰΨһ·ҲӮһߴϢ֮
ĿҪٵĴۣѾ˹ɺĿǷΧ֮ڡ
սͻ
ֻҪӹһ٣жҴ˶ϢǸǿʢĶͻʵ۹

˵ʱʱ죬Ⱥ鼤Ҫ书һ۵ʱͻȻ֮䣬һȴմδ䣬һɿֲȻ׹֮С
ֻһĲҽУ׹һ޴Ļңһ˲䣬ս˻֪ıըա
ֻһʧǧ
쵰
ִ֮УǬӶȻסսܹһ
սֲֻֿܹˣһ̫ʼһı塣
ȫ棬
˹ɺ쳹ս
˫ɺ죬Ѿȫ˲ôˣһ̣̺ǿʱղѹ˼£
һһ׹˶ͻʵĴ֮УǧƵĶͻըգһ䵽ҷӵıУ䣬һ죬ҷӱ߸׷ɳȥ
ͻĹʱҷӵĹƣһҡ
ˣ
âһΪһԶĸݶˡ
ɴ׺ڽɫֻսףֻɫЩ԰ס
̺ʱղ򣬿ǿ󣬵۵ĹҪķѴľôɡ
ټϵһε̫ʼǿĶ֣ķǳ֮ࡣ

ԶǿİԼҷӵĶʱңͨҵһ£µѸͻΧ
ߣ
Զ»ɽһĻкһҷβ׷Ȼ䣬ӭǵһܼꡣ
պɽ󳵲ֱǰҷӵȣҷʧȥƽ⣬׹ڵϣ󷽵ҷӳײǰŵҷӣͬڵϣ׷ʱΪ֮һ͡
ߣִе׼ƻݻٳе󳵣
պɽһ䣬𳤽һ󳵲ӵսʿмĲλһǣֻһĴ죬žһײһܴݿĴƳβ£Ѿȫʧȥܡ
ƻ
պɽ֮ԼĹһ̶ļƻΪǱƵսĳ£УΣơ
ϾȲսԶûôһΧδЩߵĳպɽΪͳ˧Ҫǵ⣬ƻҲӦ˶
պɽûͼȫ𻵳󣬶ֻٻеĺĲȷֹ˶ֻȡһսֿԽɻЩʹá
Ͻ뿪
󳵲ӣͣһƥսڴݻٳ֮ѸٷսͷҲصĳŸݵĳŶȥ
׷
Զ˾޴ս£»ɽҧɫޱȡ
Ű»ɽ󷽵ҷѸٷֳ֧Ƶβ׷ɱ
ҷӵļٶҪκﶼҪĶ࣬ֻҪһ·׷ϣ׷ţȻ׷ǡ
սڣҷѾȫռŵ£Ҫôôܣ
»ɽԺиոͷһ̣ͻ𡪡
ণ
һ̶Хһһž޴Ļ͵ҷǰգ֮䣬һ֧Զ˲ϢսһƬҵĻ𺣣ʮɸߣʮҷӴ벻͵Уȼ
ϣ
ֻһ˻ҷӿµս߰㣬׷ȥϵҷʱҲ¶һ˿ηɫ
ǹȻ»𣡡
Զ߸ߵĳǽϣ²һУԶɿŵĹ͸һ˿ϲɫ
󷽵Ĵʹû͵ʱĲԣҷӵʼսʱÿʱÿ̶һִĺڣ²ñǸһ㣬Ͷʯӡ
ʱֻһǴЧЩ͵Զеá


ڶǧһʮ սݣ
ˣȥ
ڰ»ɽвʣһԵʱһϵͻȻͷ»ɽһʶ̧ͷȥֻ̫ʼһףĴ
ûʲôˣֻϢ֮ǰȣûôңԵҲû֮ǰôѩȻ֮ǳս̫ʼͬļ
䣡
õƬ̵ĴϢ֮Ʒд׷ȥ˺Լҷ֮ľ룬Ƭ֮һһ޴ĸբ£ݳĳҲŹرա
أ
Хܰ»ɽԸ⻹ǲԸ⣬˴ʱҲֻձټսϣǶѵʬжĲиꪣѪڴʣܿɱ
ǹӲдһʱ䣬㣡
̫ʼ仰һΣѸٳűȥ
Ѹٴɨս
һ࣬ڸݵĶˣŶ棬󣬰˼ث³Ҳ׷׾ۼ
壬ô죿
³һڣƼž
ⳡսԶеļңЩ󽫾϶˲ʣϵʧǾˣ֮£ĵĻԼж
ⳡʷǰĵ۹սǴƷ浱֮ľ͵۹ģⳡսһʧ˶ٱֻҪ廹ǰ˾Զʧȥ򣬴ҲԶʧܣ
սʱʱڣӦûٽʱǿ䱸⣬ǿص׵ĴʱԲܳκεĲ
ǰͷҲûأ
Ļ˶ࡣ
棬ȥţ
³תһߺܿɶȥ
˵Ǿ仰ȴûˣ̧ͷգһ˫ҹһ˿ǵɫ
սȻѾȴ֪һвŸոտʼûмǴǳʷǰĴ󱩷ѩܿҪˡ
ͻʴԭѾΪѩ֮أͻʺȫԼļ԰һоżȻҲΨһҴߣǳ󱩷ѩ˵ǴڿҪ֮ǰǳսҪ¡
˺ܶİţǵܷӶãҲ֪
ȥ׼ִС߼ƻ
⣬дһŵʦ֪ͨºͳ͢Ҹ˵ܿͻᷢǣֻʮʱ䣡
ͻȻڵ
ǣ
ȸû˵ӸݶԾ£ʧԶ

ݶˣһ󺮷紵Ҳʧˡ
УһɹѪζڲϵ
ʱţʱ֣̫ٱôһȡͻʴԭӸһ˵ĳ˳أ˶һҵĵ۹սʱһ䡣
ˣ½ÿεĳͰ˵ȴϢʱÿһ춼Ǽ尾
һսϢؾʦҰ޲ܡ
ĸʾ˴С԰ġ
̫ˣ
ʱ˿̣̫У棬͵һϣ˷ܲѡ
ԭŵҲŵһսڷ
Ȼ֪ضʧιΣ໹̲סûʧѰ
ݹ۴⼸սȻȡյʤÿζǵзռžԵƣ»ʤ
Ҵ˴Ǿٹ֮ƣȫƸ۵ļƣڴʷУû顣
ţţϽ°Ŷ
ԭüͷչ࣬ѾΪܹܵҲԹɫԸһԵСŵ
ƵĹ˶ϵڶʱҹ£ҲԲ£˲٣ΪߵĸҲǲѡ
ǣ
Сźܿתȥڳδã˴Ĭĵͷȥ
̫۹ĵطλʥǴһʱһʱսݵοȺҲǵǲѡ
£һսԶɵʱֻǳսǴʤңҷʼǸв
ʱ̫ʦͻȻǰ˵
˵Σϲɫʱ򣬸ǵͷȣ侲ְ
ڻǷɵʱ
̫ʦһ䣬նʱѹ˲١
ожмζսȻͬмЩϢǾеļġ
شо棬ʧأȻ˷ܣڶϢҲᵽ֧صҷӲӡ
һѵս֮ǿھ£һսʧҲﵽ߰ǧֱ֮ľ
͢ڶļҲ˵ʢһ̣ֻ½նѾܡ
նľϾȷʵԶɵʱ
飬ǱߵΣڹӦôˣ
ͻȻŤͷվڰеı
ر£֮ǰļƻеıǮůﶼѾ͵˶ĸݣ
ͷ

ĬƬ̣ͻȻüͷ
УȥһöȣʡĶȫ֧Ԯǰߣ⣬ӹĸٲһǮǰߡ
£⡭
˻û˵ʲôȴ̲ס¶һ˿ǵɫ
۹ĿһΪ͹⣬νĹҲǻʵ۵˽⡣
ʵ۱лʵ۵ǣôĹŮ̫࣬˵ĳԴöȫɻʵ۸ģɹǹ⡣
⣬ʵճʹʹ󳼵ĸ޳УҲȫǴӹ
ЩڱҪġ
⣬һǮƲ࣬ʵǣ֮ǰսǰ׼ʱ򣬹Ѿ֧߳ϵǮʣµǮѾ࣬ѾЩǿˣ֧һ롭
˵
ƺ֪ʲôͻȻڣɵ
ǣ£
һֻ̾÷ӡ
£Ӷݼ
ʱһͻȻ洫
գ֮䣬һУɫҴң˽
һ仰ʱоĿ˹

һ˫ְŷ֣ĴվȻȥ
ӽнӹǷţŷϤӡֻǿһۣʱɫһ
ڡô𣡡
һ֣гģɫޱȡ

ңԶĶӪʱĴӪͻ˹ɺ߾ʵԨġа»ɽԼڽȫۼһ𣬶Ӫʵ룬̫ʼżȻ
̫ʼ̫˽⣬Ⲣʲô̫⣬̫ʼֻ¶˼֣ɱ˼֮󣬾ľǷ
ˣǸô
޴Ӫ»ɽȴƼžڵһ䣬˵Ŀⶼ㼯̫ʼϡ
ʱս
̫ʼ˰֣


ڶǧһʮ ̫ʼսԣ
ֻһʧ
»ɽԶʱüͷڽҲ
հ»ɽ˼˾ڶ棬۶ܿõȻԽݻԽá
ʵϣһ̣̫ʼֹҷӾżβ׷ɱˡ
Ȼ˵һǼɵʵ˵ʵĿǰΪֹ»ɽ֪̫ʼľսԡ
ΧȻûпڣĿҲ¶ͬɫ
ģܲˣ
ƺ֪ʲô̫ʼ˫֣ԽİȻ
ҲܣǸСӱ
˵һ䣬̫ʼɫɭȻ¶һŨŨɱ⣬Ҳһݣʶ˼
ǰ»ɽһϲ̫ʼʲôֻҪɱ壬ǵĿľһµġ
ڴ֮ǰҵȴһʱ䣬ѾźһУʮգ٣ʱõʱ
̫ʼ˶٣ſڵ
ৣ
֣ڳ˰»ɽ֮˾ɫ䣬ر˹ɺŮ˶Щסˡ
ǼʶģǱ⺮ӸԵĵطġ
£޴ڱΣ֪Ҫٰա
λصģ̫ʼ˼Ȼô˵ضѾ˰ţ
ͻȻǰ˼Ŀɨһˣݵ
̫ʼԣüͷ΢壬΢΢Ƴ˸һۣȴûзϡ
ڿʼ֮ݵشΪΨһܺӰĵط
ǸԼҲ԰ǵȫۼֻҪ뿪һܹƽ£
̫ʼͷ
ݣ
Զǻһ𣬷׷Ϊ֮ݡ
Ŀֲ˶ԸȥģҸ֮°ѣΪһѣ̫ʼ˼ƺת
ֻô
ôôıѵء
ʵǺ̫ʼ˵ôġ
ǰ̫ʼ̸֮¶һɶԺ˽ζܹ˵һĺںʱ٣ѾӦ֮һ˵ĹС
ܸоǰ̫ʼƺⳡʷǰĴ󺮳ǧ˿ƵĹϵ
ƫƫ»ɽֿ̫ʼϵܡ
뵽ҲҼȥֻǱ˴˻࿴һۣ˭Ҳû˵
лˣ
ǧ󶼻˼򵥵һ仰ڣ˹ɺԨģЩղһ۾뢣һ̶ѡ˳ʵһ׷׵ͷ

Ŀһ·ѾͻʴԭԽӶңԶıѩзѩŨޱȣ·һأһȥأ߼ʡ
ڹѩ֮Уţ絶ƽʵʣء
ẮԺѾкܳһʱˡ
ڴȻǰıϵߣ޷֮⡣
ʱ˿̵ıشǵ۹󽫼ǿߣҲֻ·һ
ѩĮĮľһֱȥ
¡¡
ͻȻ֮䣬ضɽҡڸңԶıߣѩľͷһĺԶԶһ̣ʱҲ֮
ʱյĳƺһݣźţֱǿʮֹͬһʱ䣬һɱ֮֮ǰκʱҪöĺƺգʱյ

ѩĮĮһɭУ紵ԭѾΪһÿòǿĴ£ƬƬ۶ϡ£ѣΪıƬ
һµģǵصѩ籼׳һ㣬ӱϣϯ
¡¡һ̣غ·ڡ
ֻƬ̣꣬ԭװѩĵرʱһƬĺԾ˵ٶ϶ȥ
Ƭ֮󣬱֮أƬѻΪһƬش
ϣͻʺշĲݳһɲѩ죬ޱȣڶʱ֮ͣٴοʼƽ

Ϸݡ
յźȫԱÿһգССĹԱȫ֯ݸҸϵڷ￪ҤʳԼﱸʡ
еͽҲ뵽˶С
Ҥ
ɺ֮սǳʷǰļѩУѾ֤һּΪЧʽܵҤʵҲһǺȣмʮȵ²塣
ϣ
ڳ͢£ݴضССĵҤ
⣬䣬ҸľͿʼ׼ƷѬƣһµ⣬Ϊһصķ羰
ѩ˳͢µҸѸԵľ·ӡ첹˸Ĳ£ҲһȨ֮ơ
Ů٣˶æµ
û֪ʲôҲֻ֪һѣΪʲôҪôÿ˶оֽŵգҲЩСԱüͷ
ʱֽŵʧһξʮ졣
֮УһУ֮С
֪׼ôˡ
һ飬˺󷽵ݡ
ͷʶһǰ⣬ϰڷŵһͭ󶦣󶦵ͱ£涼Σڣ̿ܣһ˲ϯ
ʼʱԭû̼
Ըоº֮ǰȣֱ½ʮȣĵ涼һ㱡˪
ڣ
ϱӣһҵ룬˶ʱȥ뵽鲻ɻһ£Ǻܿ죬ͻع
ȸ͢Ǳô˵
ͻȻڵ
үѾ˾ųɣҼһ˵ؽѡ⣬Ϊǰ׼ÿһ׼˰ϵĴֻү˵ʱ⡣
дһ֪֪ͨ͢ݸʹ÷úʱһҪ϶ܰѷȫա
˼Ƭ̣ͻȻڵ
úǶú̿һָЧʹ÷ʽỤ̃ȴܳʱͷַů
ַֻúȼղֵĻʱʱ˽壬ƹúʱĵġ
ڴڣΪضд˽ݱǺΣյġ
ףһ֪ͨ͢ǱרöԱ£Σ
ɫ𶯣ȸ˼Ƭ̣ڵ
ԣ΢΢ף
ţ취廧ΪλѰվۼһԼԴģұ˴˻һӦⳡ󺮳֪ãǱĴ㣡
ף
ȸæ
ԸЩеĲ滺һЩ
ʲô
ʵ
⡭ǺǰһʱȻսδ𣬵ǴССĽӴսҹϮһֱûмϡ
ʱҪͨڵصǳڵľͲ֪ж٣Ȼ󲿷ֶʧˣżһ϶ҵ֮ǰѾ칤ˮЩط޲һġ
⣬ҹҪùʵǳǽǱڵѾʮɣ޷


ڶǧһʮ ڣʼ
ǣûз𣿡
ԣʧһЦҡҡͷ
Ʋǵطʱ䣬Ҳɳ˲ٱȥ֮̽սյǵһݣȻԴƵĴкܴ
ȻͻʺɲʳţΪ˶ˣݺ͸߾Ͳǡ
ֻǴĽջһС֣Ҳû̫ն
Ǳߣ»ɽȻʲôı֮ȴһʦУ߿˵վڰ»ɽһĩƽٵˡ
߸Ӳö˵ʥĳƺ˵һС
Ǽƴﵽ͸ֵزѾѱƣҲʲôıƭǡ
ʮڣ˱˴̽󼸺޹ռһЩС⣬սּûʲô仯
ҳȥһ¡
һŲѸ߳

棬߳ɲǣͷ·һ뵽һ㣬ХĿͬޡ
캮ضͷֻհããһƬ֪ѩɳɳɳ֪˶ѩѡ
ϸȥڵķѩҪȳСϺܶ࣬ǸµӴڷá
صӴķһķʽݸĺɢԴ˸ƴĴ
ǰ
˼ʱͻȻ䣬һע⵽һϤӰѩԼ
ͼˣ
壬㡣
ͼ˼ûпڵ
ڵص״ԭһ͹ˣҪȻڴҲ˳ڵԴġ
ȻӻǱŪһЩԴҲ˰취úͬʱȡصױתԶԶҹһ£ͻĴԲ޵ɳȡһЩ䡣
ͼ˳͸һ˿ζ
ô죿
üͷ΢壬˼
ѰֻҪȡصеĵɣٳͼ˵صԪʹ󷨵
壬Ĳȡһ󷨣߼ЪԵĿ󷨣Ҳӻһʱ䡣
ͼ˿ڵһģ
٣ԽǸȥ
ˡ
ͼ˻û˵꣬ҡҡͷԥľܾˣ
һѾˣⳡսһô˵ǵ󷨣Ȼûʲôãȴ˵
⡭
ͼⷬûϵģϸ룬˵Ĳûе
һȻ̣ܶǴսÿһսӿʼûгһµġ
ȻˣͰ˵İɡ
ͼ̾Ϣһ
סͼˣһ񣬺ܿϸݸ߸ߵǽͷ
վڳͷȥȻʣһƬ
ôʱ䣬֮ǰսѱɨɾĿȥܿĵԼһЩƵĿס
͸죬ʮҲۣüûоⳡսҲܸܵǰǳսжôпᡣ
ĿⲢûսͣԽؿռ䣬һ۾ͿԶӪء
ͻʺɡ߾ıμΧһȦһȦΪܡ
ܰһжŵþеĲܣҲΪ֮̾
ֻϧϺΪС
̾
ͼҹУпܣҲϣԼӪֻϧʹȻлͶ˰»ɽߡ
ЩͷзӶͶס
ЩѾ޷ı䣬֮Ǿⳡս
ܿ죬ע⵽ӪУһЩææµµĹʿ
ԼʮǰʼǱ߾ټΧʲôһֱڶûֹͣ
зݺĶ켼󷨶ȲʱͻȻľҵǿıʲô£
һϤޱȣͻȻ
֪ʲôʱ³úثע⵽жӺ󷽵ǽͷ
ǵȥ̽˼Σȫʧˣ㿴ʲô𣿡
̫ٱҲڵ
ѧӣ󷨷涼ԣһǸзȨ
ս̫ˣҷӣڶûжСģɧսûʲôĽԸ񣬾ôضıСҪõĶ
ثĿҲڵ
Դӱ»ɽ㣬ᵽݣثһδǰĻķԸ̵ʱǰǰϸ˼һ顣
ܶϵĵطʱ䶼ͨͨ͸͸ҲԼһİǡ
ƶνѣڰ»ɽѾǳ˽⣬һ治³ö޷֮ȡ
ˣ
׼ڣشõ˵ʱһϤĸоͻȻԺд
棡¼ʽʼʱ׼ʱ䣡
ٴξ棡ڼʼ
֮ʯӴÿһֶ͸ŷǷķ˵һ֣Ϣ
кХث³˻ڿԼȴɲ
ʱҲǰ죡
ζžڽҹǳʷǰĴ󺮳ͽȫ
֮ȣ֮ǰЩ仯ͻȻ֮Ľѩͱ⣬ֻһǰѣ㲻Ĵڡ
һ˲䣬ɫޱȡ
ôˣ
³ʶע⵽
󺮳Ҫˣڲ󷨵
忴ǰɫص
ܣƵĵ۹󽫾ɫ䡣

˻۽ڶⳡʷǰսʱûжע⵽½²֪Ծ˵ٶ½
رǵȵҹĻʱ֣µ½ٶԶ֮ǰκʱ
սԱͻʴԭ
¡
غһĺХһǧɸߵĺͬѩǵأɽһ־˵ٶѸӣϷݶȥ
ر⣬ͻЩӪʡ졢ţդ˲仯Ϊ
ֻʱֲĺǵأѾͻʴԭִϲݵش
ǣʲô
߸ߵĸϣһڵĶͻʿע⵽ǿֲĺԼǵأӿҹɫҲޱȵİɫѩߡ
ãǣǺ
һһվڵĶͻʿϳһ˲ɫ԰ףץǿǲ̵ֻȥ¸ڡ
ǿֲĺ̫ˣκμˣζʲô
Ǵյ
ͻʺɳһ֧ϣ̽Σ֮һ
ˣ
ʿֻһۣ֪ԼӲˡ
ٶ̫ˣҰش·ӡ


ڶǧһʮ ⣡
ʿ۾ɫʹ׼ӭӺʱһ̣䣬һɾĺͺһֻĴĳεһ
ʿ㵵ĿУǳޱȣǵضĺھݵشʱͻȻ֮·ܵĳ谭һǧɸߵĵطϷȥ
Ӫأһĺ磬¶΢½һЩ⣬ûκα仯
⡪
ڱһϣһվڵ棬Ŀգһ仰Ҳ˵
ӪأӰҲ߳ӪʣУͬͷ粨ΰӿϿӹĺ
˼飡
һѩ׺ãŻ谵գΪ֮ݡ
֮ǰ׼̫ʼ֪ܵӰ죬֪һ£ĿȻԸı󣬻ĳ
Ԩġ˹ɺŮе˿֮¡
ʶģ֮࣬˶͵͵Ƴһ۰»ɽ͸ڵķ
Ǹ̫ʼظ̫ˣ֪󺮳ʱ٣Ҳ֪λӰ죬֣ÿط͸һɹ졣
»ɽĹϵȻҲһѲ˹ϵ
ⳡ󺮳»Σ
˹ɺвһ£ȴһֶû˵
ʱ˿̣򶨵ľǰ»ɽˣ˵Ŀע⵽ˣ»ɽȴ⡣
ʲôѾ޹ؽҪҪ̫ʼĶŵԣݵشȫܺӰ졣
壬͵ˣ
»ɽû˿仯ȴ¶һ˿Цݡ
ھѾվһߣͿǱӦˡ
̫ʼ˵Ǽ飬Żжɣ
»ɽŤͷһ㣬ڰ֮е̫ʼ¶˺е𾴡
̫ʼɫĮȻ΢΢һԵ񹤳ϡ
ٺ٣˲żҷӵĸ컹Ҫһʱ䡣ٽˣϧʱ̫ҷӸոճɵݡ
񹤳һЦͻȻˣ
⣬󺮳Ÿոտʼȵʮر⣬ѩǴ˳õʱ
Ǿͳˣ
»ɽ΢΢һЦڵ
ôʱ䶼ˣҲںʮ죬ֻҪܹ壬ܴƣΪ֮֮ٵһʱҲֵá
»ɽЩͷܿƽĸݡ
ѩĮĮʼʱֺܹӴĸݣǵӿݱȫѩûϵսף»ɽҲֻһЩӰӰ´µӰӡ
һǰϢ
»ɽһȻĴǬӵ
⡭
Ǭһ¶һ˿ԥ
뿪ݵķΧû󷨱ҪҪ˵Ϣˡ
ЩֹȥͿˣһЩ¡
һԲԹɫ͵
ǣ
Ǭӵ˵ͷܿ뿪
ҹɫžݵشⳡ󺮳Ψһİ֮أ£Ӫдڷա
ǶԶĸʱ˿ȴһ

ХͬޣȥѩĮĮأ벽⣬涫
꣡
ӿݸ߸ߵĳǽϣ귢һ죬ǽ棬Ѹһһصĺ
鲼ǽ壬ѸټӺʹóǽԽĹ⻬
ǳڲݡˡģȫۿɼٶȱ⡣
Ӹ߿ոȥԭ䱸ɭϣͭǽڰĸݣһȴ·һճǡ
еʿȫӪ֮Уʧ
ȻֻƬ̣һǳһž޴𣬻ʼСܿǵʮɸߣܵĻ潫ɢ˲١
󺮳٣ڵȼ˳дһЩͣڵĺɢһЩ
Ƭ֮󣬺䣬һǳزڸݵĵصһӴӵص緢˳ĳӴǳء
ˣ
ֻһ˲ǳ⣬ϳֵĺֹͣļ
ͬһʱ䣬һĹֳǳأıѩࡣ
ڣǳڵȶ࣬ôԳܡ
ݵУ建ĴջĿ⣬һ˿ǵɫ
еú̿ʶѾַȥ𣿡
عͷǵ
شˣѾŵλ
ǳĿѸɨһ棬񺿵ĺм¶ѡ
ⳡ󺮳еĻҪ£ɲǣĿǳڵĵ棬ۿɼٶȽһߴĺ
˺£ֹ˺ãǹɺɶ衣
ǰǳԴֶܼã
תһԵʵ
ڵĴ󺮳еĻҪ䣬ѾõķΧڱԼҵĴӪأôΧȷʵ󷨵ġ
˶˶٣ŵ
ҲûκκϢ󺮳ҲһһѾ󷨵Ӵ󺮳мȡһֵ䵽֮УٿԻ⡣
ĻŻܳã
ʵ
ʮ졣
ͼ˳ĬƬ̣˵˳
ôɲǣ֮һƬţֻƬ̣ͻָ糣
㹻ˣ
һƽ
ЩʱҪʿ֪
壬͢Ǳߡ
ʱһ³ǰǰ壬ǵǡ
ʲôҲˣһֻܿԼˡ
ͷյķ򣬲һ̾Ϣ
ҹɫ󲿷ֵĽ¹̶ɵģʱ򼴱ʲôҲѾΪˡ

¡¡
ر⣬󺮳µٶȱȺܶĻҪĶ࣬󲿷˻ڳ˯еʱ򣬹ĺɱϣƺƵڣֻһ˲Խ˱ĸݣѸٲ½
꣡
ҹɫ֮УһڵĴѸٵĶᣬֻϢ䣬Ͼͽߵĺ
˺ӣ
ǰʱھĴ˺ӣӪѳΪϱͨĴе˲֪ϱ䡣
ʱ򣬼ʱ򣬾˺ҲȻѩĶ죬ҲһдֻںУҹϢȻɲǣ׵ʧˣһġ½ء
ʦʹ֮С
û˿ףžһһ鶳ߴݶ䣬׹ϣҳƬͬһʱ䣬̫Уں֮а޵࣬ľѣ
һʶһۣܿʶʲôķ´ߵ˴̨ǰ
һ򿪴ӣһ̺ХĮĮķѩǵأ͸ӿ룬Ѹɢÿһ䣬ֻ䣬ĹУͲһ㱡ĺ˪齣Σȫˡ
۹⣬ĿȥʹװһƬϴµıңﵽһ߶೤Ҳоһ˿⡣
˵Ĵ𣿡
Ŵ૵


ڶǧһʮ ֮
ټĻʹʱһ㣬ޱȣСڹг־Ҳǵһμ
ʹصأѡַΪأĵطض֮أһʹ֮Уʷӣںкܴĵá
ʹ֮ж˺䣬䡭
뵽˴в͸һ˿ĵǡ
֮ΪأΪᣬִ֮ǰδеĿẮȨĴƻʵۣҲǳޡ
£
ʱһĵ
䣬ǺúϢɣһнūˡ
δ䣬һݵӰѸǰֹ˴ӡ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ۣһŻѸٵȼ˹һͭڵ̿ܵĻڵĺɢ˲١
֮ǰ°ޣū̫Ļ¾ŵ¡
վԶ
ҵĳ֣ԼЩ飬ƺ֡
ڸǱ߰ŵôˣ
ʵ
Դӵõż㣬ǱҲŲ˴ڽٵľʱΣڸǱ̫ʦ̫ΪףѾټڳҹ֣ŵڵ顣
ѾʾʱϱŴ⣬ѾͨգԽؽ֮УʼԵ纮
⣬ôʱ׼ҼһӦô㹻ʳЩΪƶ׼㣬͢Ǳɳֵ֮Ҳǲ˹ʳ
ҹϿҵ
˵ͷɫ΢滺һЩ˶٣ŵ
⣬ͣнȫסԱܷ纮
ūּ
һܿӦ
֮𣬱վͨķѩҲͰˣִ󺮳¾ǽڻҲѳܡ
ոǾһƳѾ±һı˪˶춳ɱˡ
Һܿת뿪ȥˡ
޹ڣٴΰֻͭڣ̿žȼյ
ϣһаòźð
౳˫֣Ũü壬һ


ţĺӿ£ֻʱʱ͸ݣյĽشһҲѩ죬ǧ
ѩأȫ涫
֯ϣ𲳺ʳ۹޾ĺеĸɽ󺣡
½ǧӭһʷǰĴڡ
ʱ˿̣˴˯б⾪ѡ
Һ䡣
ҹɫһСкţӱͷԼĸס
һСкһɺ⣬ޱֵס
ڴ󺮳ǰÿ˶·²һ㡣
ûµģܿͻȥġ
ϣ׹·ϵСѸٷ´ںڰţƬ֮󣬰һ۵ªķȼһŻ⣬ڽеĺɢһЩ
һ˱һΧȼ̿裬ȡů
Ƕ˵ƽ٣Ҫˣ𣿡
СкͷԼĸף
˵˭˵ģ
СкĻװɫࡣ
ⳡʷǰĴ󺮳٣ݸ
ڴ֮ǰݴػԶûԵֵĿẮ仯Ҳ̵ķΧ֮ڣǹڴ󺮳ϢѲܡ
ͻʴԭǧеȥԵĲ˱񣬶ңԶı򣬲ӿĴ󺣶ʷǰıˡ
֣Ѵ⴫½СӶ֪ˣ͢Ķһһ͸¶ĽϢ˲һЩ
ӱصǣҲһЩرϢ
󺮳ֹֻڱɱϣӼĵطģҳһգҲִ
еһۻһԽĲ
Ҫס̫ɽʱǳҲµʱ򣬺ҹԶͣһգػشɺҲһȥġ
ĴСӵĺ󱳣
СԼ°ͣԼĸƶǶ
ǵģ󺮳ģ𣿡
ͻȻ䣬ƺ뵽ʲôСкͷԼĸףһε
ǵģģһģ
Ŀԥһ£ܿ˵ͷ
ڵĴƣԶֹǺô򵥣ڶһһĴȫۼͶԼѾչһ¹شľսսĽһжδ֪֮
ڴƣ⻼
ʲôҲˣֻܰеϣϣϣܹһ߳ⳡ֡
壬ѳΪ͢յľ
һоͰˣ
̿ԣ㱣ϣ

ҹܿȥ֮󣬿磬ݴףΪγ͢ҪǰڻôʳԼʣøҸڵؽѡ
Ŵˣˣ
ʱ˿̣һʱ֮ۡУʮ̿Ϲźĺô£һϣǰϣǶѻɽİ
ǰǻɡ
֮⣬ڶĹۼһ
̫ãȻ׼ǳлǶǧİգҪЩ˺ͺӣ˯оôȥˡ
ʦصأ͢һһҰȥ飬׼ҳ˶ˣط¾͸ˡ
أ˵
󺮳٣һҹ֮½ر⣬͢һʱɳȥʧԼٺ׼
׼£ǧİգɼֱǱѣҶٳ͢ȫ׼£ⳡ󺮳£ʲôĺ
û˵ͬǳġ
һηľټΪЭµġ
оʮҲζŴ󺮳ĵһ죬ݴؾѾ˵Ŵ󺮳ļֻء
ʳΣ
ٳƬ̣ŵ
ʳǻܷ飬£ʡųԣӦûֺܼܳһʱ䡣
ɳ
ﻪʢҳ̫ƽô꣬վǻ˴ʳġ
ǴⳡϺǰڡ
ǰȡůʼֲ̫еú̿ͣȫǰ֮ڿɵģҪӦеİʹã¡⣬ݸ֮ǰҲѾ֣֯ɽľľ̿վǱˮнѡ
˵ʹѾ˲һЩû˾סĹҺ͹ջˡ
ɶ˶٣ŵ
ǾðղһЩݣľȡůеʧºһɳ͢貹ʹѾôˣ
ʱһϵڴһۣԭһֱʱͻȻڵ
ǣ
ɳĬƬ̣ܿ칪


ڶǧһʮ սĶ
ݴظϾ󲿷ֵİֻһݣǲԼļңΪľ̿ȡů´󲿷ֵİնԽܣǺ٣ԽܣҲòôˡ
⣬٣Ҫ鷳ͳһ£һ£Ȼ͢۵ʳܶ࣬ھݸؽ˴֣գÿĲһСٶʳҲվˮ֮Դɽա

Ϻ߰˵Ǵڣֻ£Ѿǰֲʳˣû֪ڻãһȷǰǰδеϺ»ܳʱ䡣
˵ÿ˶Ҫôڻܾúܾõ׼
棬̫ڣڵһֱ»ʵǻʢ̫ƽӵԱۺ̣֮£ҲѼһꡣ
ΪǿʢӵмʮĵҲܹڶ̶֮ڣ׵Ļٻ
ʷ飬һ
үˣһΪ
ٹ
ϵǰߵ壬ܣ;ʡʹӦǰߣⳡսΣǶҪӮ
һ仰ݵķĿᶨޱȡ

գƬ֮󣬰һ󼱴ٵһƥս⴦֮ۡг۳Ҷһۡȥ
꣬սոձۡӭһɺ紵սԼϵĴһ㱡ı˪ϢѸٻΪսëҲںѸٶ
Ȼֻһ˲صһһɻڱŷ뵽սڣոı÷顣
캮ضʦѾǴ粽УǾʦе״
еĹ㲻ڸԵĸ֮ۡУеϢҲȫǾЩϸѡ
ҪϺжҪ󼫸ߣҪﵽ侳۷ϵΪұԾʦǳϤܹڱѩҲʧ
ֻ㣬ʦĴܹҲֻ߰˶ѣӵ侳۷ϵĻΪֿẮҲֲ̫ʱ䣬ÿʱ͵ϢһΣֵڡ
Ҳǳ͢ΪӦδ󺮳Ȩ֮ߡ
գǼٵûдԶͱĮĮķѩûΪ½Ӵĳǳأʦӵһ˿ڣʱ򣬾ʦߺһƬ
ǶϺʱ򣬾ʦҲضͷܶ衢ƷҲÿһȻһ·ǰĿʦĽпյģһǡ
Ӵƣϣⳡѿս
ŵһ˿ǵɫܿһʧǰ
ⳡѩУÿ鶼ǳޣ˶ԼķʽԼౡ֮飬ʱ򴫵ϢҲѡ

ʱһȥÿһ˶ϣⳡѩܹеЩѩһڳܿȥʵȴ˵Ȼ෴߰ȥˣݵĺûȥԽǿˡ
ؼžһƬɱ
繲ͬľ
ʱ˿̣һط
Хո£λһĳǳشڴϣ·һ㡣
֮ǣ
֮ʱģ黯ĵһǳء
еĿⶼע֮սʱ򣬲ûж⵽ĸ֮ǣһսͬڽš
ôˣǱʲô
̿ܣ֮Уͻ¿ɺͶ⣬ӣԼʧܾõ۾ۼһ˵ɫǳأ٣˵ҪĵԶֹǶӵȻгλԸ֮ǻͳ˧żʮ˹رĴꡣ
ڶԿ»ɽѻ˹ص۹ͽǣ嵱ͻʺĻӺͶλһҪĿľǽͻʺı˹ص۹ı
رǴ꣬λ˹ص۹ĵŹصУӵе͵λڴƾʳ۹Ϊء
ʳ۹£˹ص۹൱һֵԭǳŴġ
ôλġ񡱺Ͱ»ɽᵽһ𣬻ʲôĺ˭Ҳ
֮Ĵ϶ڶӵöࡣ
ס˹صı
ʱѾֺʹ꽻ֺüˣ϶ֻܲʤҲĶ֡
֮£ΨһǣǲҪֻܴ꣬Ҫǣסʹô֧޷˳ɣǰݼɡ
һ㣬˽߾ȫǿǿ
ǺѾȥ̽ˣǱһƽѾｨһʱݵ㣬ݵͬзķû⣬ܿӰ»ɽǱߵõʲô
⣬ѩɽһǳأﴢ˴ıܿҲһЩⱦ
ͻ¿ɺͶ
ȻǴƺ˹֮ս֮жԿ˹ص۹ʵѱͻʺı߳ϵıͻˡ
ַѩд̽鱨ȻҲͻʺ
˷ͬСɣ˹صıдѩɽĸʱ䣬Ѿ֣⣬ҸоʱǲϵľѾŭ˴ꡣ
ʱƵԽԽƵѾƻʮ˹ص۹ҹϮɱȥʮ죬Ǿͻᱻ׹ˡ
۵ͷǰŸ֮Ǹĵɳ̣
ֻŻ֪ʱʲôѹֵܹ֮Ѿ൱ˡ
嵱֮ȷʵԹƣ˿Ѿˡ
˻һۣĬ
ûлͷһѾ޷ˣҴڱ飬Ԥ޷ݵսͻֱӸı䷽ֱʦ£Ӧöף
һص
ȻǾˣ־嶼Ϊ֮̾ΪӲ뵽֮УԼӸԼ弸Դ̣һԼı顣
һ·ڵڱѾ߰˷ֵ裬ѱնΪսжͳ˧Э֮ǵһ
ھĵģʶģӺͬʱŤͷ˺Ͷ⡣
һ漴ʲôЦѾһˣͻʺѾ·ˣʱ˹ص۹ǱҲʧ˲ٱھͶֻ´ҲδԸҡ
Ųţһ㣬ҿԳŵսһһ䣬ͻʺҲһػ󳷣
˵󣬺Ͷɫ֣أһ¡


ڶǧٶʮ ѩѵʽ
ͻʵѾǨ󷽣½ǳ֮УӺۻ߿ͻʺʧ࣬ͻʺתͶꡣ
ںͶͻʺ˵Ӻٵһͻ°λܱܵĸڣѾͻʺҪһ٣ҪǾܵġ
Ȼͻʧ˲ٱѾе⣬ͻ˵ǺǣѲڿ֮ˡ
ǸڵľҲǵѣϾƣǲòأ
ȵһս֮ʵ֤ǴģǻԸºͻʺδҲضͻʺԼһսսʿ
֣ص
ͶֻһЦ벻⡣
ʵڴ֮ǰӡۣͲգͶʣͬλϣҲͬǡ
Щ飬ﲻ˵ֻԽԽ㣬ϲܹԺĻδһ¡
˵ףʵֻǴǣƶѣһлҪүݵս
Ͷ
һ仰˶Ĭ˲٣֮ǵսȻңݣ»˲ֹһ
һ̵Ĺؼ
⣬֮ǵص׵ķѾڸ߸ɵת໹ʮ죬еԴͻȫľʱݻûʤ֮Ҳͱɡ
һսʵѾĴ㣬ֻ˭û֮ڿڶѡ
үһоͿˣ
һɲжͬͷ

ѩĮĮʱǰߵĸݣĴͬϾ
ݱ߸ߵĳǽϣһУ³ثõһſڱѩвվ룬³õ˷ԡ
ǽͷȥѩͬӿѾˣǰããһƬＫʧ
˴һƺڵȴʲô
жã
³ݵķͻȻڵ
ˣӦÿˣ
һԵİ˼ص
һȺ˵ûͷûβ˭Ҳûжһ䣬Ƕ׶Է˵ʲô
ˣ
ͻȻ˶жɲǼ䣬һ档
ѩĮĮէһʲôûзǺܿ죬˾˷дһϣ˻һսȻͬ͸һ˵ĸõζ
ˣ
ˣ
ܷѩʲôҲ˱ϾǳѾãµĵ۹󽫣ÿ˶ӵһ׵ΪǷѩȻ赲ǵĸ֪
һյؿռ䣬ڱѩ˶һ֧ҷִһſŸݵķ򱼳۶⼣߰ߵ£һԶԲ˿ɺڷѩ֮ԵĿޱȡ
أϵŸݶЩҷӵٶȼ죬ڷѩ֮иˮƺ˿ּӰ졣
𣿡
ɫƽͻȻڵ⡣
ţ͵һȣҷʮѾӽһٶˣӦһսСӵ
õ˵ͷ
ҷӣһǵʿҲˣѾӵ߰ʮˣӶ߰ʮҲҷһϺӰ죬û⣬ӦһµķҷӵľܹڷѩϺȥ磬ܼӰ졣
ثݣŵ
ʥУúثǵ۹̩ɽȻͬǵ۹س˴֮ƽһߵһõΣҪثĸһǲõģֻû˵ѡ
ھʦְʱث֮Ҳ޼ָ
ڣȴңͬģս¾ʥʶҲֻ顣
Ǳߣַͨѵû⣬Ϥַʽ͸öֽˣ
³Ҳʲôɫء
ڵûеΣֵĵزҷʵǿҲһٳʱŷӳڸǽǰսһǴսҲɲǽͷ
ûսֻͽǽҷв̶½һ룬Ҳʱ˫һֱల£ûгûԭ
ǵȵϰ˺ҷЭͬսķʽܹҷӵ纮ûԸݷһоͻȻͬ
ڵĵĻֻЩҷӲ֪ʲô֮ǰǳսҲˣ󳵲ǧƥҷսȣսЩս˲ͽȽˣͺûܹˣͲ飡
ͬ޴󽫾˼Ҳڵ˫ü壬гġ
˼˵ʮǰǳսۿսЩսĶȷ·ܵʯǣһܿϣԭڵϵҷսѸٷȴ·δܹˣʱ˰˼ܴ𺳡
ͬ˶սΪϧ뿪ͻʴԭͬ˻սȴû£ÿһͬ˶һõˣս˽⣬ͨսߵ̬ƽ⣬жϳսֺĥԼķ
Ǳֳҵ֮ǰʲôЧĶԸǡ
˼
ͷϾĵģÿ˶˳˼
ǶķĴ󽫣κһ˷ųȥԶһ棬Ǻ֮սǰ֧˵ҷӾţѾڴˡ
󶼺Чɱ֧ӣҲζŴƷûرܿҷӵֶΡ
ণ
صʱͻȻ֮䣬һӥȸз·һ㴩ԽطѩӸ߿ɲǼһ׷̧ͷա
зѩһƬ壬õ˵ľܿ߿мֻӥȸ顣
ǧɽɾ𡱣캮ضļȿẮ£⼸ֻڸ߿ӥȸԵüĿ
ô
գͻȻͷҲûص
ҷӾŴŻʣһǧңӪطܣڻսѾӪصĶ棬ѵļ󡣡
ӥϤ
ΪԶû壬ôߣԿ߿ӥȸֻͨӥȸ̲һĽжӥȸϢ
ӥԼӥȸصطһϢ﷽ʽ
ڵƽȸѲ֪˶٣ʱϢĴ÷ǳѣڼظݣϢ鷽棬ҲƾӥѵЩӥȸɡ
ӥڻӥȸѾγ˷ǳƵϵͳ͸Ҵ˼ʮ֧רŵĲȸӣĴȥЩӥȸӥȸƷֵĸ


ڶǧٶʮһ ̫ʼڣ
ڰǰӥʹӱش׽һַǳļʮͺټӥѴ֪˴ڵ飬ԣ֮ǰӥѾʼѵһ֧ڼϺ·УͬʱʹϢӥȸСӡ
ѵɹѾչֳ£Ʒ鹤ȫӥЩӥȸɡ
ӥĻΧãث˼˶üͷгģǱߵĽչĻҪĶ࣬ڴ˵ʲôϢ
ʶģλ󶼻󽫾׷Ťͷվǰ壬ǿɲǣ˶һ
ݵ⡣
֪ˡ
嵭˶һ㵡
ڵ۹Ĵ»ûһ˲Բֹۣǳ͢Ǳ߻ǶǰߣŲ̫ãӦñκ˶ף˭Ҳ֪Ϊ˵򶨡
죬ҲǽжǱߣڴѩ⣬ʳﻹȡůʣǵĴֻǸӡ
ݵķɲȫϺ
Ŀǰ
ɫһ˼
Ȼǿƣӵҷȫƻսƽľӣһ棬ӵͬʱҲζϼҴڣųԷ͡
ĿǰĴʹʳȶȱ״̬£ֻȴƸļֲס
Ҵ֯Ӵ󷨣Ȼܹ󲿷ֵϺⲢζݵķΧھļ紺һƬů
İ˵Ҫȡůʣһ׼
Ӧ˵ȡʶûУڹ޾ԭϲݡͻʴԭϸûпɹȡůĶ
һ˵ȷʵȴƸ
ԽǸô
̫ٱʵ
һεսƻáث˼Ƕ֪٣սƻֻһֻ֪ģ˲Ŷⳡսӵбʤ
һվɣԽʱԽҪɣԽǴݣǱ߾ͻԽǽ
ĿԶָڸݵĳͷߵ£¶һǿ
ⳡս½һ͵۹֮ս
һ岽ΪӪһĻڵλϣٲûϱ˥ĵ·֮κʱ򶼸ǿʢ
ֻҪվͲ»ɽһ˿һķѻᡣ
ণ
ڳ˼ʱһ߿ӥȸХطѩͻȻӸ߿κʱ򶼽Ȼͬ
üͷһ壬ʶתӥ
ѩӥţʲôڡ
ӥĿͬգɲ
ӥӥȸϢ鷽ҪԶԶʤκˣƵЩصġӥȸ漰ķǳ࣬ϸ
ӥȸϾˣһıЩӥȸҲͬﲻڵӥȸӥҲûô漰֮С
ӥĻû˵꣬һĲҽУ߿ͷѩӥĽȻֹ
һɲǼ䣬ӥıɫ
һлԶûֹֻͣһɲǣɫһҲͬʱʲôĿⶢŶķѩһ
¡¡
ʼʱ˻ûʲôܿһԶԾ˵ٶȳŸ֮ǵķ
ʼʱޣգ֮쳹أ˵ĿУһɿ񱩵ͬѩһ㣬ЮŻԵ֮ٳڵķ
̫ʼ
ͫһĿñޱȡ
õҲ׷ױɫǹĵȼӴޱȣѾԽ۹󽫵ļǿȵĹ˿Գܵġ
ǧɣ
ǧɣ
ɣ

ǹɻԵٶȼ죬ڹʱڲͣĴؼĺмȡȵִݵʱǹѾ͵ֱĵزǴݿƣľѡ
ֻ廹ƽĬĬشڳͷһȫûֹ˼
ڡ
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ھݵĳǽʮ׵ĵطһεϣͻȻƾճ赲ǻԵǰ
һըǻԵϯأڸǰеĻǵϸ赲
ݵĳǽϣƵĵ۹ͷϵ𶯣ȴûκһˡ
̫ʼһΪѵֻ͵Ϯķ𣿡
帺ֶͷԣŶ
ǽѩĮĮһƬžǺܿһЦ
֪Ķڽ֪ڱǰʴʣ

ŰһӴ籩ϯķѩ֮УӲĿٳһհ׵ش
һ̣ǽɫһ˶˰ɿڰе̫ʼ
ɴ׹ϵĻɫףɢһӴѹ˸оһӴѹһ˫̫֮Ҫããķѩһڲס
̫ʼŶͷϵ壬гɱ
ݱĻҪι̣ոһ߷ֵ󣬾Ȼûܺǳطֺ
һбҧʮ¾һս̫ʼ䱬궼ûˣٴִ󷨣գ
ǳû̫ʼҲ׳ԡ
˭֪᲻һЩ壿
ڴڸڣ̫ʼͶҲ׳֡
˱㴦΢Ľֺͷ֮С
һɺԣڽ㣡
ȻһЦ𶯵ĿУȻһ̤뿪˸ݵĳǽΧ
򵥵һöĮĮѩе̫ʼͫ΢΢΢ɫ
һֳƣҲû뵽̶£Ǹз·һ㣬޴ڸе꣬Ѿɳֵز
棬彫̫ʼķӦ۵ףȻһЦ
һʱһʱڵѳɳĵز̫ʼֱ̫ĹϴǰҲѷɫ
ûдıڵ̫ʼҲ˿塣
֪ɣʥ֮ǰһֽѾڣ
ϴξʦһսڻûһΣӲˣ


赭дһ仰ö̫ʼȴ৵һ±ɫҲû֮ǰĴݡ
Ϊ֯Լÿһֱ̫ǿ߶ߣ׻ȨЩǿߣиֵһӣôΨһ⡣
Ǹ˾Ѿȥʥ̫ҡ
̫ҵʵܸߣ˼ͼŸӿ¡
ô꣬֯һֱͼɱ̫һһεĹ¶
֯ѾˣǽסһһεϵΪ̫ҵֶʵ̫ˡ
̽Ľֱ̫֯ǿߣ̫ҵС
̫ʼȻߣ̫ҲǼɵء


ڶǧٶʮ 
̫ҵֶΣĸʲô
̫ʼԺͷжʱĲǿҵĲ
ּҲڱǰŪ
̫ʼ
ߣòǾͲǡ
ȻҲ硣
̫ʼ˵Ųţ̬й¶һС
Щ˵ĺδһ¡
̫ʼЩ˺ʥʶһӣ֮ǣȴҲ֮ǡ
Ū֪࣬ٵ⼸Σȵ֮ͻΪյĲۡڽû˿Ի뿪
̫ʼ
Ƴһ̫ʼ䵭һ˸һԶѶݶȥϢҲʧ˵ĸ֪֮С
̫ʼȥķһֻйâ任˲Ϣͷ
߰ɣ
תܿҲ뿪˳ͷ
գ֮һȥ½绹ڻԿϺʱݵؽ̫ʼµӴ󷨵ķΧڣʱȴһƬսļ
¡¡
󣬾ھӪزԶĴΧ⣬أһƥ׳˶ҷӻźĻѩжʱȴû˿ɬٻһˮĸо·ѩص磬ΪǶһ㡣
ϸ۲죬ܸоһɹɴĺ˿˿ƣϵӿЩҷڣּĻ£ҷӵʵÿʱÿƺڼǿ
ѩĮĮߴҷӴһ˫״ǳĴܣһ˵ĹС
̫ʼķȻЧװγܻܴƣ
ʱһ󣬶Ȼҷӵ
벻Զĵط»ɽ󸹱㣬һƥͨͻսһεģůůĹѡ
ַȷʵЧҶܸҷɳѩҲһԣ
»ɽ󣬸дһ£սں󷽣ҲЦݡ
;еͬвû书ûô߳Ϊθ氲»ɽȻѩããеȴо̫ĺ⡣
ּܹҲȻûκ⡣
ҷЭͬѵѾüˣξ˳飬ҪȷַǷĿС
յĽҷڵΪģʹ⻷ƷӳֵʿĽ£ӶҷӵֿϺַȫеġ
һҷӿԷʮʮ˵ıټһЩװٰ˳ɵųϵԳǣڷѩս
Ҫǣʱ̫ʼ񹤳Ǳߣڽҷսͣȴҵľ޴ȱݡ
ʵ̶ܴΪ̫ʼ谲»ɽҷȨ޸
գ
˵ʱʱ죬ھ˶һǳʱͻȻһǳٵӺ洫ֻ䣬һ˪Ļ侳佫Ѹ˵ķ򱼳ۡ
̫ʼҪسǣֹ˸ݵ顣
߰ɣ
˻࿴һۣѸٽ񣬺ܿ첦תͷݵؽȥ
ݴУͷܶͻ˹ɺ߾ʵԨģŮȫۼһ𣬶λã»ɽ̫ʼһ
»ɽȻϵͳ˧˶ʵ̫ʼˣΪεĻ飬ٿġ
ʱ˿̣ȴûЩ˵Ŀȫڴ룬ɵĳǳģϡ
ݣ
СɵĳǳģͣǱģϷԶĴӪأҲԶԸĸݡ
ĳ̶ֳϣʵҲһɳ̡
ݵĽģǳϸеıӪǽΩΩФ͸һģһ
Ⲣʱʹʲôַ飬ʵϣиڲΣ֮ǰѾˡ
֯ɳЩαװƵľ֮Уܳһʱ䶼ûб֣ǶʱѰڲг񣬽˸飬һ֮󣬾Ϻ֯ڲ񹤳µĹͼֽϸģ͡
̽Ĺ׾٣Ѵ֮
һȺϸѵӵǿʵ˵Ŀʵһʮֻ
ǹ񹤰
Ѿüˣ̲סȻ̾Ҳ֪˵񹤳ͳЩ˵彨ݡ
ģͣǹǳ֮󣬺ͻ׺ܶ࣡ǵһЩֶΣǰû˿ô
ҿ˵ƾʦǱʹϢ׼ݵ׶Σøӵĳǳؽս
ܵģڿս֮ǰ£ھʦ̽ӾյϢ˵Ǳ׼һִδйĳǳսսԸı
նԷ˵ָӵĽ֮УۿۣǲøӵĵζԸ
֮ǰֻΪԶﴫǴʱ˿̣ӸڲĽṹǱֻδû׼
ɴ⣡ҲͰˣĻӦûǵôƵĸߣЩģսʱ򣬴ʳķӦ
ʱ򣬰»ɽͻȻˣȻ˵һ벻ĻŮΪ֮Ŀ
󶼻һǸͣôʱ򷴵ˣ
ŮӣЦЦ
ɲϴ󶼻簡
ɱһҪɱģڣҲû˵Ҫһ
»ɽ˿Ϊ
ҪɱζҾͻսκˣܹǰݣԳƵţҲԻκ˵أϣû˿һλʥ
һ仰»ɽĿɨݵĽģͣв΢΢һ¡
չֳ»ɽҲò̾һ
òϣĺܶ飬꣬ǧδ˳Թġ
ϷǳأֻһͼӪбǧפķ彨ǳأǳϸӡ
ݺύٲߣЩ֮䣬ǵǱ˴֮以๴ͳһЭһ塣
ӽṹ㹥˳ǽҲҪֽţܳ׼еĴƾӡ
ִ۸ӵķߣΪƵľȡһμսԳ˵Ļʱ䡣
ڴ֮ǰ˸߰»ɽӵľ򣬿Ҳš
ڣնʱ΢˭Ҳû뵽»ɽ֮ߵۣ̫ʼҲ΢ɲŤͷƳһۡ
ҲվֻǸˣ˾ͻ᷸һսǵע


ڶǧٶʮ ̫ʼ
жоֵֹʱһ̣ٴ˰»ɽ
ֻ»ɽתͷԵ̫ʼԼߵļ
»ɽһ仰жǰһ˰죬»ɽ˵˵ȥ̫ʼƨ
󶼻ǰСˣ˵󶼻Ӹ߰ڿԶﴫˡ󶼻˵±ǼҪö࣡
ŮЦ
»ɽǲΪ裬û˲֪ŮɳӰĹ
ˣô
»ɽֱӿڣ̫ʼ
֮ڣҪǳ׹ݣ
̫ʼɫĮֱӿżɽ
һϯ˵˾ɫ䡣
ǴˣƵ̫ߴ̣ͨĹеǽһĸ߶ȶ˵ǹˣʱѾԹеķҪݻΧĳǽͳͳʧˣ
ݵĳǽÿһ߷ΧԿ̵ǽʮϣӲȣҲֻһЩĺۼҲܵ൱١
߾ʵԨĳһ£
ⲢǱǿ׳ĴƱǸǸƵĳǽΪҲǽڲ
£ûκε۹Ժʹڲһϳ̡
ûгǽ谭һж׽Ķ࣬кܴİգӮĻԼһ
Ͳǲˣһбаţ֮ǳرضƵ
̫ʼ۾
̫ʼһ䣬ټĴжʱһƬţ˶Ŀ̫ʼһ仰˵
̫ʼ˼Ѿҵ˹Ƴǽķ
Լͬ˺̫ʼϵİ»ɽԼС
˵һƬƽû̫ĲƺԤϡ
˷ģǱضȫϣŴҲһȫԸ԰ɣ
»ɽȻһЦڵ
˶һ漴ܿ췴Ӧ
ǣ
ȻΨհ
˷׷׹
ʱգѾû̫ѡû̫ʼİԲǴƵĶ֣Ĳ˵ǳȥݵ󷨣¾Ҫʧء
ΪΪ⣬̫֮ʼĿ֮С
λ˵֣Ҳֻ̫ʼټˣ´ѣûҪʲô
һѸٽΧż֮ĴսѸжսǰ׼

ʱ仺ȥҲǱߵĶߣĴ£һƬƽǰʷǰĴԼ

Хϯأ
ĮĮķѩ֮УһʿڷѩѸŸݵķ
Щȫоϸѡĸ֣ǻ侳ϵĽ죬ּȶӵĿẮ֮УƾڻҲٿԼһʱϡ
ҷʵǿ󣬶ҲϺֱˮõĳ򣬲ҷӱϾЩ㰲»ɽںܹԶ̿ЩҷӣҲܿʮͷѣվ̫١
ܶ鱨̽վҪȥɡ
ݵĳǽΡȻʣĴѩ֮УҲܹǾްӴ
ЩǽѾǵһοˣʮ첻ϵĴ̽ÿһĳ򶼶ǳϤ
ûжλ׼ǳأˣ
߰˰ɣһʿͻȻڵ
ҷ̫ǿˣľӿԵֵǣôǿôһսʧǺʱˣ¾ҪȫûҪһλҲ׳ս
һͻʵĳ򿪿ڵ
ʱӣ˾ۼһദһʱıҲһЩ
ݵ֧ҷӺܸܿͲ࣬ΪûκӵսƵĳУȻ
κѪ֮߶ܾ߱
ɺ飬κεÿһγȥڷѩЭͬѵʱ򣬿Щɺʿ̲סз
ʿӵԶԶˣϾû˻Ը֡ˡһ
߰ɣҹȥתϼȦȥͿˡ
һɲսʿڵ
ش۸ӣڽ棬ϰ
Ƭ򣬳˸߾֮⣬ͻＸƬĹͬԣ»ɽͳ˧ݶҲˡ
»ɽ£дĺˣϣڽ棬ûʲô⡣
գ
󣬺һΪλɵ֧СӣѸŸĳǽȥչǻҪѲ߸ݵ档
Ӹݵ΢ģƷ棬ţ֮ǰǳսþǴĳɱͳ˧ɱһֲЩòġ
˰ɣ
߰ɣ
ԽԽΧǾ޴ĳǽҲԽԽһϰΪһ̣һЩһ
ʲô
ͻȻһɲսʿסսǰݵĳͷ
ţ
˶üͷһ壬һ졣
ʲôѾôˣʲôҲûз֣ҳڱ鲼Ӵľƣ㾫ǿҲһ̽鲻ʲôϢ˵ˣ˶پǰЩС̧֣ͷ˿ݳͷɲǣʱһȫסˡ
ǡ𣿡
˵ĿУ߸ߵĳͷϣĮĮķѩ֮УȻһܵĻȼա
ֹˣ͸⣬߸ߵĳǽڲȻһĻЦǳǧͬʱ
ֻΪɱϣվϷλķǿúܽ
ǵʲô
һ仰˵
ҲͲסеĺ棬һųǽķɳ۶ȥ
ںֵҰж϶ܴܵӰ죬֮лٵΣա
ǡζǾȻڳ￾
һ·ֱɣͬʱŵ˿һŨģζ
ѼǲһʲôʱԵĿˣǶûֲпᣬսǰߣرǺӣص£Ȼܹŵ˼Ѿõζ
ֻǿпᣬȻġ
һɲսʿӳ鶯ͻȻڵ
ǷڿζϤϤζѼ˹ʳָ󶯣˴ʱҲܿ췢֣ƵĳǳУȻڴϯ
ܣܣһΣôܻ飡
һͻʵսʿɫ㱵ôһɲǣ˶еĸоƺﲻѪսǰߣĳ͵ļһ㡣
һﲻǹʹģζջ£岻ܿƵĳŸݵķȥ


ڶǧٶʮ 
𣡡
ʱͻȻһͷ޵ĺ캳أǳض˲
ڼ˵ĿУƵĸǽһë׵ԴͻȻӺ̽һ˫޴۾˻
վԳ
һݣ˳
֮ǰǳսվԳֳجһӡʿԺ֮УЩǿҷ߰ʮͷ˽վԳĽ£ҼǱվԳһŲȱ⡣
ЩҷǿĲ֮ûлᷢӳȻʱ˿̣վԳȴûע̽ӣעƺͬͷϵܻ
ȥɣ
ʱһˬʵĴЦ𣬳ͷϣһϤӰץһͷѾޱȵĿֳŽվԳ˹ȥ
վԳſѪڣһھͽȥ

кȻǳͷ佫ģ˲Ǻˡ
үϮⷢĳ򡣡
ʱ򣬳ͷͻȻһ
ͷϣλϣǰȼյǶŤͷƳһۣһ۾Ϳ˳̽ӡ
ãߣ
˿Ŀ⿴һݣŵϣæתͷʱķȥ
Ƶʵߣ̫ʼκβˣ˻ãĻֻҪ붯֣Ӳ
Ǻǣȥɣӣ˼Ѫսϵ͵ȵսϽɣ
嵭ֻƳ˼һۣջĿ⡣
ʵﵽּȻܶСȤ
Ļжǳһ
ǴƵͳ˧ɽȻһȻǳ֡
ô𣿡
ӣһ漴ܿʲôȻһЦһǰܵ𣬴ӿ˺һȣȥ
սնʹȥ԰ɣ
Ҳֻһ˵׳ǸȺջĿ⣬ǽϿ𣬿ųͷڽʿȾƳӣ¶һ˿Цݡ
⣬ĳ鸴ӣ˽սһ棬˫ΪУڽս״̬һ棬˵Ӻܾ֮ǰһѩٵʱǾҲûгµʳ
ͳͷ˳ԵЩɫζȫĿȫ򡢿ȣĴʱĻʳֱѳԵľʯͷһ
ˣҲ֪Ƶзѵ£ô׵ıʳ
ԥһ£ܿǰ
ֻһȶѣֻҪ˲˵֪
һ̣ǰֻǿһۣɫʱסˡ
ӳͷʱǸȻڣۣͷºôһԭڵĿͱ׶סһİ˪Ӳĸʯͷһ
϶ʱһһס
ͷϣȴɫ糣
캮ض֮ڳͷϿȫȫΪʼڽǳصʱڳǳصطرһЩС󷨣ӸݵĵصгȡԴ纮ЩС󷨵ķΧڣԺķЧǿܹ⣬¶ȱһӽµĳ̶ȣΪΧ󣬶ڴû̫Ӱ졣
ҲʹóеĴƽʿܹܵڵʳ
ڳʿһѾǳˣȻỹǿôࡣ
⣬ԥһڻǰǸӲȡ
ܱûкãڵ˵ܳԵζȶѾһּȵˡ
ݣ
˲תͷǸȺܿԶȥʧĮĮķѩ֮С
ͷϣ˭Ҳûע⵽һֱĿȥòĿջء
үô𣬻᲻̫Щ
һͻȻȸżȥķ򣬷ѾҧһڵĿ⡣
ȻǡϴеһжƵĽ
ȻʵȴѷһЩûı֮Щ飬ºùǡ
ııҲõľı֮ܲʶƸҪҪǿʲôҪʲô
嵭ȻһЦΪ⡣
Ȼ̫ʼİʱõסͿẮ⣬ǲǶͻʡɲ䡢䣬ͨͨûдʳϰߣ߾ƶ񤣬ⳡķǳͻȻǴһЩʳҲ࣬Ǳߣǵľɳ͢ӦģӲжʳÿ˵Ŀ֧ҲǱȻ顣
ڵܹιѾ൱ˣһ
ʷḻֻҪǿһ㹻ˡ
ɫݣͶ¶һǿţƺѿ͸еһС
һʳǰģ¶ںڷչ
ȸԥһ£ɵ
ÿĶʳܳãȼƻõġ
Ȼ֮ǰһսʧ˲ٱˣҲ߰ʮ漰ôˣʳⲻС¡
ҰʳʮƽⲻһСĿ
ڵǰ󺮳Ļ£ȸЩ
үָ糣ЧѾﵽˡ
ȸ̽
ֻодʤ̲ŻɱţǰİţвֹҪ죬졢죬ʮ죬ˡ
߰ʮ˵ģԲһСĿ
ֻȸȸĻҲеĵǣϾڴѩ⣬½ؼܲʳˡ
ˣһվɣľ⣬Ҫһһס
˰֣

ȸһ۾ΧҲ׷׿˹رǼٺ٣𶯡
лʳﶼǰţǼӴģ飬ȸûи˵
֮ʵʵֻҪţһսĿĲսʤϺҲⳡ󺮳мֶãǻܰ»ɽʲôʱ֣ܶʲôʱܰʦسҪģ
ƺ֪룬ɫ
ɫ࣬һ𣬶ʱ׷׵ͷ
ǣү
һѣҲԼһ
һսĿĲǽʡʳǾ
ɱ
ûǣǾװžʦϵƵľƱų飬ãã޾ڽ
Ϊүأ
ڽʿҲƱӦ
ڣأ֮ǰӺ

һһڸڴףϢɢȥ̽ĳ˿ȡƤװŵƣϲԵĸָ㣬öĶ߰ɢ
ﻶЦףʳʿζӡ


ڶǧٶʮ 񹤼
սǹϵ޵ʿĽⳡڻվܹɺ˭Ҳ֪ȵһսܻܲŻ
սǱ䡢пᣬҲģ˶ϰһ㣬ԿˡеĸܾͿ֪
˻ڻ죬ûֹͣļ󡣡
Ӫһݳͷڵأ
䣬飬һֻʺϣõ涼ƺһ¡
ˣѾǵˣ쵰ʲô
ӪУ»ɽ뷢ŭɶ
һ죬죬졭ƵĻƺֹ֪岻⣬Ǿ»ɽҲòϣĶӪУʿѾ֪ܵӰ죬仯
»ɽŭɶ󣬴ǬӡǬ桢õҲͬüͷ
ͼȴʲôˡ
֮ǰҲֹǷЧ´Ǻܿͱзˡ
ڻܱƽ˴ల£Ϊ˴˼以أսʱƽ鶼Խ
ѧ˴͵ʳҪ˭
߾ûзţϰߣʱֻܼϣڶͻʺͻʺԸ
ʳϰ߸ͬһŪã𲻵ĵЧ֮ìܣΥ˱ˡ
ǺǣЩС¶ѣ󶼻αطϣ
ʱһϤһѭȥֻ򿪣һϤӰۼأӪ˽
񹤳ϣ
߽ˣ΢΢Щ졣
ϣ룡
ܿ죬»ɽվһ̬ǳ
ǬӣԸȥ¼
ǺǣˣֻǾһѡ
񹤳ϰ˰֣
ڰ»ɽ̬ȣ൱⡣
ݵʱʵ԰»ɽû̫øУһ˶ѣ֯õĶ󣬲ļ죬»ɽһֺõġڵָﶼ͡
ر̫ʼٵʱ䣬»ɽȶ̫ʼҪ
񹤳ƽʱ֯ﲻ̫ӣڸмޣ»ɽĵõ˼㡣
ֻһȺϵǰ񻶶ѣ󶼻ֺα⣿ȴ󶼻һͳ£Ϊ֮ʱͻᷢ㲻ʲô
񹤳΢ͷȻ
гϼԣôһ죬ϱضӹΰ»ɽԲǳϵĹ͡
»ɽһ
ݴ󶼻ͳ˧Ȼ񹤳ǰǫģ˿ºԼ۾
ǴǬӻǬ棬һ糣·ʲôû
ڰ»ɽɣ˺İںܾ֮ǰ»ɽôԴ˻ث
ԼϤ»ɽǲӲӥͻȻôģض
ǾͲؿˣֻҪ󶼻ƽºʵϷŵԾͿˡ
񹤳ۺ룬һԴ󣬺
񹤳ϵĻ»ɽ˷ٽһɫǶ¶һĵЦݡ
񹤳Ϲ˺ܾãʶ㣬һƶαء
ԭΪϹѽãϵﾹȻȨкǿ֯ĻӴȨҪ˿õܵõӴȨơ
ǵģ񹤳ҪлüȨ
Ҫ󣬰»ɽŵȵƽ£һͳһĴ񹤳Ĺ顣
⣬񹤳ϻҪϵȨ볯ȴɱᣬ»ɽ޷
ЩҪ󣬰»ɽӦͳͳӦڰ»ɽ˵ɾӡ
ܹ£λ񹤳ϣһֱߣպضǸܴİҪǣҲԽλ񹤳ϣ׳֯ܡ
̫ʼЩ̫ǿˣ»ɽҸͶ𣬿ɲҪһܻʵۡ
Ȼ»ɽӦ飬Ȼһܵóݰ٣Ҳǰ»ɽҡ
»ɽ̬ԽġϿҡ
񹤳ĵ˵ͷ԰»ɽ̬ȷǳá
ϴ㲻̫ʼôƶԹƸΪʲôʱ̫ʼڣЩ鲻˵ڸҲ޷ˡ
񹤳ڰ»ɽԭλ£ϵĲѺһڣʩʩȻ
Ҳ֪СӴѧ֮ǵķӣֻҪõĺǴģöΧڣôһа취Ը
񹤳ҲûӣƴӿҺɫݵָſ¶һʽŹֵƫƽ״̡
ʲô
񹤳еĶ˶һ졣
ѵ񹤳˵ƾֶͿԹĸݣ
񹤼һʧĶұΪֶ֯Ѿ٣ҵˣ̫ʼ֮Ծڼ֣Ϊȥ֧񹤼
񹤳ϰȻеƫƽ״̣Ŀĳϡһ㡣
ֶԹƸ֮ǣ
»ɽƳһò۵񹤼Žɵ
ǺǣСƵĶЩҪиŵܹƵзĺ󷨣ǴƵݣЩҲ׵͸
ΨһϧǣķѾʧһ֧һ֧ǳ󡣡
񹤳ϰֵ
ȵսʱֻҪЩǽ壬ǵʱ򣬽ͻ°빦ࡣ˵ݣǰ㲻ʲô
ԭˣ
»ɽ񹤳еüѡ
Ǻǣ𣿡
񹤳ȻһЦ֧ǰŽһͣɵһĺۼ
һĻ˶ʱΪ֮ݡ
»ɽԼõĶȫõģžͨʵޱȣñҲºۼ
񹤳֧һЧ̶ȿɼһߡ
ȷʵЩ湥ȷʵ׺ܶࡣ
»ɽ񹤳нӹƬ̣˵ͷ
жûд񹤳ȷʵвٺö
̫ʼƶӦòֻΪЩ񹤼ɣ
»ɽ
Ȼվǲ»ɽ̫ʼվãҲЩ˽⡣
˾ʲôߣرͳ컹ǿνġ֮ӡ̫ʼǱ߱ضп
ٺ٣Ȼ̫ʼ˵ֶôĵģνĴǿǳǿ󣬵ǿֻһ
񹤳Եõ
»ɽʹǬӵ𶯣˴˿һۣȴʲôҲû˵
һһһ֮Կĵ۹񹤳ֻһͨжôǿ


ڶǧٶʮ ս
˵˵ģеĵ۹ж϶ѡ
̫ʼ񹤳ϣʵ̫˲ˡ
ֻ񹤳ϵ
Сȷʵмͣһǵһο̫ʼôͷۣҲɹ̫ʼ˵ŭսǺܿҪʼģһжѾ׼׵ܿ죬ݾͻ߽᳹⡣ⳡսôѺ͸ӣ
񹤳΢΢Ц
»ɽʲôʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲͻȻС
̫ʼչǣǰȥ
һʿ˫ִꪣҴ˽ϥص
䣡
ĻӪ˲ɻһ뿴˹
Ҫսˣ
ÿ죡
룬һȺ˺ܿ뿪
¡¡
һս춯أ쳹ʮս֮ݴսشٴαÿǰš
ʱתۼţܿһȥ
ণ
ѩУһֻѩӥХһſ򣬺ܿݵؽɵϷĸݡ
Ҫʼˣ
ݱĳͷϣ帺ֶͷںڵĳ趯
ȫ䱸׼ӭս
ĿХĺӿϿգһ·żԶĵطȥһɲǣ崣ǽͷһɲ
һսҪ٣
һһֱڲͣĲμӸָսһΣȴκһζ̫һ
»ɽ֮Ҳи˽ˡ
аһǣĿƺ͸գ޾ķѩǴӪء
ĳһͰ»ɽ;һ
һҪƣ
һҪӴƣ
֮䣬עֻһ˻š
ͣսôʱ䣬ţһΰ»ɽĽض֮ǰȻͬ
һָоһβпճ־õս֮䣬֮䣬һսи׵˽ᡣ
ϣ㲻ʧ
΢΢ͷ̧޾Ĳ
̫֯ʼ»ɽҷӡߡʯ䣬ͷԺзӶ
һԼֻ֪Щǰ»ɽģôģΪʲôٻԼߵʲôЩ㵽ĩ֮ʱҲû֪
ǣػһͻȻһָо
ԼȻΪĩıԪ˧ŴıսλǵʱԼæսƺܶණ
˵ǸʱҲȥ˽ЩΪҪĵʵ̫ˡ
һǧٿףںĴ̫ĿҪԼȥˣǲܶһ޼¡
һһжһ
һʯ£ͬʱҲƿĳЩࡣ
һΣоԼƺӴĳЩϱӵġġܣǳѣƺźԼһ֪ĽȻͬĽͺࡣ
ܶණһԼĳ֣ˮ档
رЩҷӣǾӦóֵĶ
һָоȻǰƷЩҷӵսĳ̶ֳϣ±ȫ߻Ҫǿ
٣嵱֪ĳЩߵ㣬Щҷϲûг֡
⣬ЩҷʹĳЩߡģһͨġߡ
嵱սһЩ߼˽⣬ҲܸоνʵǷֳɲͬȼġ
ЩҷԻڱȽϸ߼ġߡ
֯ʲô
ǴЩߡ
ΪʲôʹġߡЩҷѵֻΪ˰»ɽʲô

̫ɻˡ
Σ֯һԼ֪ġĩƽ١Ѳ˹ϵ
һԼһҪѰҳһ𰸡ЩĻһеˣΪ˸ۡ

һ󺮷紵תʧ˷ѩ֮С
սƽ𣬲ǸݻӪض࣬̽Ҳ˺ֽܶ࣬ŵȷ޼
ôж𣿡
ͷϣǺȸͻȻŤͷʵ͸һ˿ͽ
˵ʱ򣬳²ú֪Ҳ׷׿˹
ǱѾ׼ˣ˸úԶдս
ԭΪȵ֮ӦòжˣǶѾʱ֣Ǳȴһ˿춯ļûС
ʵ̫ˡ
ûУѾüˣǱ߻ûжȷʵ׼ս
ȸڵüͷ壬ͬɻ󲻽⡣
֮ǰļսճ־ãǴսڣŲձû˻ȥӺΪսе˫ȫǽС
˭ϣĻ֣ʤ
ǱѾ˺Žǣսģеļ󶼱ǾҪȴٳûжʵ̫ˡ
үǱô˵
һԣ֪ͻȻʵ
ȣڳ˵ûİ취ǲݱҷӰ纮ڴֵķΧֻиݣսǵս½
ȸ
ȸߣһֱңһǰһСٵʱȸǲμӹ˹֮սġ
һսĲңȸڶ¡
ʳ۹ôıо󲿷ʵǴƻɱģڷѩ֮лġ
ȵѩͣʱȸȥ˴ֱӱ˱
ǰ֮֮ʦڴ˵ʱս֮١
»ɽˣʲôУ
һɲǣüͷԺмǲԼͬĸֳͬͷ
ʱ仺ȥٽҹĻʱ֣˶
ণ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ߿ӥХӸ߿дգۼ䣬һֻһ㣬ããķѩ֮м۶£ȸļͷ
һɲǣȸıɫ
ˣүϮ
ˣ
Ϣʱ䣬һܼսԶԶĴӷѩд
ͬһʱ䣬˻ͬԽԽҲԽԽ
»ɽڷˣ
أ
һĺŽܿӳѸٽս״̬ʿִ񣬴ӸӪӿϳǽ
ǵĻǲڶ
СյĹ֮ǳ˰֮У׵תһս
˵Ŀ֮У塢á³˼ȵ۹ͳ˧ҲѸٵǽͷ
ѩ֮Уһ࣬ʱ˿ȴǽȻͬһ
ݣ
ϣ
ͨͨϣ

ѩУս˻ֺǳ޴һƬ͸ѩϸȥֻĶͻ߾սʿԼݱͬĳˮ㣬ĸݶȥ
ո¾ͻ֣ᷢЩ֮Уһͷͷҷӷɢ岼ɢڸطǽ£һȦȦҰɫĹ⻷𵴡
ЩҷΪģһͬٵĻҰ׹⻷ɢӳֵڶĽ¡


ڶǧٶʮ ս
ЩĻҰ׹⻷ʹϺĵ
ֹˣڴͬʱһԲΣ߷εͭͭŴһ
Щ̫ʼⷨ沼ص·ڷһɹɺͬɽһӿʮɸߣΪֺ롣
ЩΧһɹεţʮڣѩ޷еķĳֹɷֲڴ֮Уͬһ͵ƶ󷨣סľӣʹô󺮳ӵӰ͡
ɱɱɱ
һսͳͳҳ壬дʳţ⣬⡭Զж٣
ɱˣеĶǵģ
֮Уһͻʽϣһ߳鶯űӣŴǰһ߿ݵķ򣬶ݺݵ
潹ƣ۵Ŀɫ֬͵ڵϣ죬ۿɿڣһȻϸΣЩǳԹûУ
ûԣҳԹٳЩʯͷһӲĴ͸һȥɱˣеһжǵģ
ͻʽһϯ˵˼ꤣʳָ󶯡
ǰ糩ϢѾ˲֪˲ںܳһʱëѪ˵ĶӵԱջ
ٶĽ鱦ԶԶ޷֮ȡ
˵ôôҪɱ˭ɱ˭ȫģֻҪսʤ֮󣬱ܹŵѧһǾУ
Уһͻʿͷ죬
ٺ٣ǵϢ˵ȫֻҪɱǣ󷽵ƶǵģȫ򣬻нǮˣҪж٣ȫǵģ
ͻʽžıӣٺһЦ
л
ͻʽĻΧһͻʿ
ͬҲɡ߾Լݵʿ֮䡣
󷽵ĵطһĻ»ɽ͸еⲻѡ
ǰǳǼ̡
˶֪ôĿġ
ҫƺƴֻһս۽أݵĳǽûȥŻѹʿͬʱֹƵʿ
һ˫
ȷʵ֮һң»ɽе˺ܿͷһ㣬ʿս⡣
սʤеƺʳȫ
Ҫƾֵͼֶθֱǳ롣
ˣ
·һսϣϸѡĹֳֹ鳣ʹö޴սģ쳹գͬʱҲΪڷѩ֮ǰָ
»ɽסսǲУͬսⰺ˹ɺԨġŮ
λɰܾڴһˣ
»ɽǰһ㡣
һսҪ׻ܴƣ
̫ʼ˳棬һԴ壬󶼻ģȵһսɹʱһƾٴ󶼻Ϊµƻʣ

Ǻǣ֣ٳƻˣ󶼻ʱҲҪѧǰһޣ³ˣ
˹ɺһ΢΢Цž
Ŷ˵ˡ
һŵ
ԣҲɷЦ
лλԣ˵ЩΪʱ磬֮Ǿ칥ǳء
»ɽ΢Цţɫ
ǺǣΨһ̲ǳǸǽ̫ʼǱѾŵǽ齻ʱǳ飬ûдıӻǵľҷһѵܲЩ𣿡
ʱһġ͸ҰԵͻȻ˶𣬸߾ʵԨĵȻһЦͻȻ˵
ΧԶǻһЦ֮ôɣһսôģԭ̫ʼǸŵ
£ս֮еûܹλƵڿҰ֮Уģ黯ĸߣֱһҹ֮ڻҰ֮нһݣԭսɹսֶζκ̾ΪֹûЩƵսͻֱ½һ
ݵĳǽһƣҲ˳ױ֮ʱ

˵ʱһ죬Ѹ
ǰϢִݡ
ˣ
Ļ΢ع
ߣҲüһλˣ
»ɽһ˿⣬Ѹǰ
ݸ߸ߵĳǽϣͦͬһ˳ǹһ
ΰıӰѳΪ˴ڡ
ХĿһֱǰľ糱ˮɢʱ̼ǰĶ
ˣ
ͻȻ䣬üͷһڵ
ƺӦѩ֮УһܼӰأѸٳŸݵķӳͷȥʼʱ򣬷ѩ¶Ӱֻǧˣգ֮䣬ããһƬ֪мʮ
ͷϣһӽ
սҪʼˣȻʱ˿̣ȴûעЩʿĿһֱűĳط
һĺУãã޾ͻȻͬˮ˰ֿܿ죬һϤӰ󸹱㣬Ϣ磬ͬ籩Ӱͬ£ڵķ
ܷѩڸǣݣ廹һ۱˳
»ɽ
ΨһһҪݣֻҪһξֱܷˡ
壬׼𣬽һսڣ
»ɽޱȣſڻ졣
Ҫȥڿɲǣ»ɽл̲סŷһɱԹޡ
ֻ棬֮ǳƺѾɱˡ
Сбڣվɲʲô򣡡
ɫĮڸ߸ߵĳͷϣս˿Ϊ
ৣ
Ļ»ɽͺʲôһ£һ׷·𼦹һʺޱȡ
岢ûдɫʲôݻƽƽ¶ȴʲôʹ»ɽ
ǰھʦľ¥׷ɱʱΪݴ󶼻ӵҷǿսǰȻӡ
壬ͷ­ʬΣһ̫Զ
»ɽųǽϵ壬ݺݵ
ڽ棬»ɽû˵ûһ˿¶
ñʥҪĶӣ壬˵ôͳһս
»ɽ
֮ʵʵ˫ֻǰڿɱҪʲôҪ佫ʲô»ɽ벻ϴ󶼻λ֮ɣϲ̨档
嵭
һƵȴ̣ڷԱ֮һϲͨ


ڶǧٶʮ Сж
ǹƳǳأʱеŭŭ𶼿һй
ʱ򣬸ǰѵ
ƤӹҲСʥΪⷽ棬»ɽǺ˲١
˻
еĻ»ɽһƽ
ʵô׶ŭˣˣثôͲܻ
½磬ðɣ̵ģҲֻжǸ쵰ˡ
Ҹ˵ĲȷʵǶŭʱ
壬ͷԲѣȻˣսϼ£ϣļʮܰҹ
»ɽЦƳһۣ漴ܿתȥ
ͷϣֻǵƳһۣҲܿջĿ⣬Ϸĳա
̫ʼɣһңк壿˵׼һֱĻ󣿡
һǰѾ߳һξİ»ɽģȴǿûлͷֻŭһܿʧ˷ѩС
ڰ»ɽʧͬʱϷһϤӰɫף޵У֡
ʲô𣿡
̫ʼգ֮Ҫ䡢ǱϿջ졣
̫ʼ֯ĴһⳡĴ󺮳һڶ»ɽҲֻǷֲĴˣǵĿľΪЩߣЩҷӾǵͷӡЩ㶼׼ǣ뽫õף
Ļ̫ʼȻһ¡
սϣʵжһϡ
ţźݻϵӰ죬ѹʿǳе£˭Ҳû뵽̫ʼ棬˵ȴһݡ
֯
̫ʼЩ˵
СǱֳȻдΧİ취˵ⳡĴƽٻǵġ
ֹˣЩҷսϳͷѵ⣬κιΥʵ̫ˡ
ҲɵӣǺҷԼݱദôãҲʲôûз֡
ȻųģַʽҪǵĻҺڧⲢζλƱʥ˵ȫǼٵġ
ֻΨһһ⡭еô£
һɲǣ˵񶼱΢
У»ɽ͸Ըоɱ仯üͷ
ұΪ˵Щԣûȥ⣬һս㲻дãҹ㻹ݵĴʿκһ뿪
ʱ̫ʼĮ˶һۣѸʧ
أ
ܿ죬һĺŽ߿ѩ׼𹥻ˡ
ͷϣ峤ԣɴһ
Сʣбһսϵش󣬽Ͱˡ
ͻȻڵͲţֻԼ
ΧĵģƬ֮ͻȻһϤԺ
˷ģѾ̫ʼϸҵľ̫ʼעϣʱûз⣬̫ʼոյõƺ̫ϣܸоһЩϸžôס
һҪһЩʱȷϡ
޵ͻȻԺһһ޵Ķ԰̫ʼȻǳ𶯡
󺮳ǰһս֣ȴûмսȻ̫ʼ¶벻Ǹʱ޾ֽš
ոңţ˵ߣƻĵĻʵĿȴڴˣƺҪٴȷʲô
ţһᡣ
˵ͷ
үҪˣٱ˺ͼλ󽫾ǰѯʽô
ʱһ
ȥ׼ս
ӣƽ
ǣ
ܿȥ
ˣ
ֻƬ̣һսܼףȻããķѩд
ͷȥֻıѩУһͷͷȻ޴ĺŸݵķ
û⣬ĵڶսЩܳͷֻǺһսȣЩܳԽ˸
ڶܳܿһĸְ壬ְâԸ˴ĺ󷨡
ڶܳ棬һӰע⡣
һ̤Ұ׹⻷ò˿еҷӣǧܶܳһſͬʱǰƽÿһܶܳ涼һҷӡ
öܳڻҷӡ
һâȻء
֮ǰսУǰδеشʧҷͬʧأҷӻʣ˵Ҳһʧ
ЩܳΪ˱ЩҷӱⱻƳͷһ棬ΪʩӻҰɫ⻷Ϻ
ֹˣĿɨأܿһܶܳҷϡ
ֻһɲǣ΢΢ü
һսȣЩҷӵʵǿ˲١
պ
һʲô
ˣһ̣һգٴǰһжʱ֮仯
ʵ磡
һԥٴȥȻؼ˿߳ǧ򣬴ؼ䲻ӵЩҷӵϡ
һɹɺ͸Щε˿͵ҷڣǵ
һĻʱһҷںˮ֮ǰʵѾǳ£񣬻ܹԴԴϴ˷ĺмȡʵʤڴ˵ʲôϢ
ֻһ˲һƽ
һΣû׼Ͱ»ɽڿҰսҷӵʵȻ˲٣ԸƵĸǽҲһӢ֮ء
ΪҷʵǿҲ޷ڳǷսзơ
أ
Ž޹ͬʱԽԽ棬ãã޾ķѩУԽԽǰƽ˵ҰС
׼ս
ɫһȻʩ
䣡
ƽһ޾ʱŹһУһ̣Ƽ׼Х¡
飡
ѩУʿ׷Ӧء
ܹܳĳ󹥻ȴסֵ䡣
ȫǰ
ķѩУһͻ˻Ӷ洫
ֵûжסǵˣ˵΢
Ҵƴ緽ıѩҲΪṩһεıӻʧûô
䣡
ڣڵһ֮󣬺󷽸Զһ
䣡
ӶĿӿдֻƬָ̣˼žܿ죬һĺһʯţź˪ȻС


ڶǧٶʮ Զűӣ
飬ҽУڴͶʯӵĹ£ǴıЩʯҷڵء
ȻһһЩ⵽ʿͺ񽭺б΢紵壬һֻ˺̵ܶʱ䣬ƽͺʲôûзһ
ãã纣һ侲ķʽᶨĳŴƵķƽƺ۷ʲô޷赲ǵĽŲ
ݸ߸ߵĳͷϣƲͬһ侲ǵķʽַ
ֺͶʯ湥¹޷ӰƽҲȻżеƵʡ
Ƿӣʼڶ׶ж
һֱĿƽľ룬໹ɵʱͻȻ
飡
һǷѸǰ׷׽һ޼Ѹٴӳͷ£޼׹أڳǳ¹һµķߡ
ǣضӳǽ¿ʼʹ޼ڳǽ£ܹ𵽺ܴ谭ӶһĽ
ֻƬ̣޼߾Ѿȫɡ
вѾˡ
ХʱһͻȻУ³áث˲֪ʱҲǽͷ
ţˡ
˵ͷûлͷ
һѾ׼ϣʤǰܾͿҹˣ
λ۹λߵľͳ˧һų⣬ᶨƽУÿһ˶оһ˿رζ
ԽԽ
ɣ
һɣ
ɱ
һɱ춯أ˲ٳŸݶ
ڿļӳ£һ˻ԵԽ
飡
ֻаʮɵʱһֱǰƽ˶ڴ֮УһʿͻȻֳĳַεĻ׼˸ݸ߸ߵĳǽ𶯣գۼ䣬һһһҵĶ̼бǽ
Ƕ̼ĲţֻƬ̣ЩǿĶ̼ϣĳֹɣ鲼ǽ
һĻͷϣسǵʿ׷ױɫ
ʲôôô
ս֮ǰкµʿñڸݵĳǽӡǣ̶̳
Ҳ˶ڸӵмġ
˭Ҳû뵽ֿƲ۵Ȼ˿£׾Ͷ˸ݼֵĸǽ
ϣ
û˷Ӧоһݵʿݶųͷݶȥ
ǵٶȼ죬ֻƬ̣Ѿݵ˳ͷ£Գһ㣬˳ǽͬʱѸٵĽһϵĸְһϡ
ֹǣ
һĻͷϣ˾㷴ӦҲ׹ЩСʲô䡱ͨһַʽڸݹ⻬ĳǽϣһ̹;
ЩҪǽͷҪ̫ˡ
ݣ
ͷϣƵֳһָı䷽׼˳ǽЩݵ֣ԼԶ̼ӡ
ۣһݵܲܿ챻ʸУȥ󷽣ȻԴԴϵĸŲܣųǽڳǽϲͣİװְ塣
ԶЩ̼ӣӣǰķνеܼꡣ
ֻһ󶣶󲿷ֵļ궼
¡¡
һδƽһ𣬾ʱ򣬴𶯣һããѩд˵ĿУĴˮ˷ֿһͷӴӰͬʷǰް㣬֡
¥
ЩΪսرĹٴγսϡ
ֻǺ֮ǰͬһ¥ƽҪɺܶ࣬ҹɫͷѩ˫ڻ¥ܵĹ
䣡
һһִ֧ķê¥˼͵ͷ
ͨƾճ֡
ɱ
սڣıǰͺ̣Ÿݷ˶
û̽սʼһɲǣҵĹԴԴϵ˰ӿ
ͷһʿˢɫݡ
ʱգͽƣܶѾòΪˡ
ʱһһϷȥĴƽڳͷʵִ֮ǰƶļƻ
Ĺɶֵĳųǽбȥ
ͷĹУʿϵ¡
սû˿һսʱڿҰսҪܴƣȻϣãվЩᣬǷս
ԳǷս£һͨĽҿƾ̵ĳǳأֵԼǿöĶ֣ĳǳأȫ¶û˿Թơ
ڿƷĽ˵ֻһһˡ
ǵĶֿǺܰ
ڴʱԶУһЦͻȻŮһУӢˬͻȻˡ
ĿһֱԶͷϵ壬е仯ĶĿ
ҳˣҪȻһλ»Ϊûа취
Ůһ˵ţһ߲ǰֵͼѾǳԡ
ΧЦ˵ɲŮӶбԼǿߣŮƺҲλˡ
Ǿͱˣ
»ɽ΢΢һЦûֹŮֳǳعսУмİ
󶼻ô˵ǲòΪˡ
ŮҲ˵˵䣬Цݣһͬһ裬ǰƵĸǽȥ
Զűӣ
ھǳػɵʱŮ΢΢һЦפ漴ԥķԼǿıϵ
¡
һɲ˷𶯣ãã޾ƮµķѩƺоֹƬ̣漴Х޾ĺ˷ϯȫ㼯Ůڡ
ŮϢǱǣֱ
٣캮ضԶֹҷӣŮǿıϵߡ
ľУֻŮһŮӣͬʱҲʵΪͣŮûϵ٣Ȼ棬ƿʵһ粻˵ϵıϵҲű仯ﵽһߵľ硣
Զűӣɲ伮мص߾ѧֻɲŮܹΪѶ̫ûɹǽⳡ󺮳ŮȻ֮ǰ춼û飬ߵıϵ˼䡣
¡¡
ŮйӰķѩΰ˵ĿУʮǧɳɿıӺգƾո֡
û˷ӦǰıӶȻ£ͬʱ黯ʵֳ
һ춯صľ죬գ֮䣬ʮޱȵԶűӳսϣӵһųͷһֱ쵽ǧ
ֹˣŮٿ£ЩԶűӻݰı仯սĳ档
䣡
ЩɽͰӴıӣټսϣôһɲһƬžһ̣һ춯صĻб
͵һսȣŮչֳֹǿÿ˶ʩչ𺳵ˡ


ڶǧʮ Ůܣ
Զİ»ɽʱҲƤŮˡ
˼飬СŮˡ
૵
ԣԨĺ˹ɺȻû˵΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
һֱŮٶЩӣŮʱչʾ¶ѾԽˣڳ˹Ŀ࿴
ߣ
ŮԼͳġһȻ
ʲô
䣡
˷һƬһ̣սϱӣųͷȥ
ŮܿתƵͷϵ塣
㲻Ʋ㲻ǾԼʤڿô죡
ۼɱͷϵնʱһ̵ıţ³˵ɫѿޱȡ
ŮʼǸܴ鷳
³üͷ
֮ǰ˵ŮʱΪ̫ûۼԲûʲôоۼʩչ𺳵ıϵݵġաΪΣʱ³оޱȣء
Һ³һ֣ЩӰɣ
ʱһֱûô˵̫ٱͻȻˡ
٣ŮߣõΪ˸ߣԸ֪ҲЩŽṹǳܣһ˺ѻٵֻ³Щ۹ԽȻ鷳һЩҪЩֽţȴõİ취
ˣŮͿˣ
ĿǰͷҲûأ
һûӦգһĽŲͻȻУͬһʱ䣬һ߷ƣȴֲͬϢ˵ĸ֪С
˻عֻڶ塱̤˳ͷ
ЩСƣҳݣΪǣ
̥һ˵ţһǰ
һ㵣ٸо̥ǹɱϢ
ⳡ󺮳УĿԶֹŮ
ͬһʱ䣬ųͷͻȻֵĵڶ塱ŮҲ΢΢üͷ
һﵽʲô
Ů΢ļҲЩ˽⣬Ϊûн֣֪ǳޡ
Զĳͷϣĵ̥ǳûйĿɨһۼʮֺ׳ġԶűӡԼѹѹһƬԶűӳֻǰһ̤գͬʱľһֱۣңң׼еԶűӡ

𣡡
ĵֻ̥ſ³֣¡𶯣Ů𺳵ĿУһɻԵȻӼʮԶűӵڲŷ
ɻԵѸֻͣգ֮ƻ˼ʮԶűӵڲṹ
¡¡ֻһѵصľ죬𺳵ĿУʮȽֺ֣ޱȵԶű߽⣬ըıмͱ׷֮׹

ͬһʱ䣬ҽոճԶűӵҽţ㣬ܿƵ׹

һɲǼ䣬սһƬңһĻ˶ˡ
쵰
ŮһĻ̼Ļôû뵽Լ߾ȫʩչɲ߾ѧȻĿ£׵ľͻٵˡ
ҾͲţһȲ㣡
Ůҧ͵һݣԥٴηԼǿıϵ
Զűӣ
Ůһŭȣһ̣ĺٴϯչӰһԶűӵӰٴ֣ұȵһ࣬ҲӵĻֺ׳

ʱһĲ˿ȣͻȻŮĶ𣬻ûӦһǼ۳εԶűӱһͬʵĹ˲١
ֹˣԶűӱٵͬʱŮͻȻͻȻһּΪΣյĸоƺĳּΪΣյĶˡ
ݣ
Ҳʱһ̶ХУŮֻۣһɫףԼķ
ٶȼ죬ʱʮɿ⣬ȵŮۿʱѾߣֱŮŶ
ã
һɲǣŮɫò԰ޱȡ
֧İմ޲TڳҲһȣֱر
һٶ̫̫ˣȵŮҪܵʱѾˡ
ˣ㲻
Ůһ𣬲һ˿ɫ
飡
ŮĿʱͻȻ֮䣬һӴ֣бɲֻһͻǸƽ
ˣ°ɣڵʵĶ֡
һϤֻ̫ʼһף֪ʱƾճ֣ա
̫ʼŮһӹһ٣ʱ㺹졣
л̫ʼˡ
Ůɫмһﻹǰߡ
һǿıϵ԰԰һ̣ŮҲ֪Լ֮ŲСĲࡣ
Ů£ܿתȥ
ײӣ
̫ʼգûŮڵ
ǣ
̫ʼһӰ֣һ񣬺ܿתȥ
ɱ
ټսûΪŮȥԼ֮ǰԶűϵʿ׹̫ԴԴϵĴǰͺ̵سɱȥ
´ƻƶ˶ϵӣֻȫȥִУκʱı仯ӰյĽ
羪İϯڴУһ֧ⲿΪעĿ
֧Ӵźֽ񶼽ȻͬףԽɫΪЩط⣬ɱ
սף
ʱ֮ǰ̫ʼԸһĽᾧ۹׶ȴ䡰Ӷ֮֡
ζù£˵Ĺ̫ʼ뵽ʧ
ս֮Ƕʱ̫ʼ˵ʱ䣬صشǸżھЩսףͬʱִĴѡ߰ǧ֧Ჿӡ
ϣ
֧սײӵǰһֻ֯ͷһܿԳ㳯ųͷȥ
ϣ
һǽͷսײӶųͷϵľֵĹһ·Ԯȥ
Щϵףһ̶ȫ
̫ʼӸ£ĿһսսʿǽͷܿջĿ⣬ϷǵӰ
飡
ֻ峤͵һ̤ӳͷ̤գ̫ʼ
̫ʼʲôǰ׷Ļ
˵ľ벻Ŷ̫ʼɫȻ޾塣
Ѿǵһν֣ڵ̫ʼ̬֮ǰȫͬ
֪Ѿﵽ̫ʼƽƽĵز
ߣ㻹̫ˣ֪oԻʲô³̫ˣ̫̫ˣҲ̫ˡΪǵİƵ۹Щ۹һ𡣡
۹ڵкۼĨȥδ˼ǵôƣͬƲ֪֮ǰЩһ
̫ʼɫ


ڶǧʮһ ƣƼת
Ҳһ񣬻߽ν񣬶ϳĨȻϰĻںڰвٿһУҾǳ׻عڰ
ԣá
ˣ
Ļ̫ʼͫһޱȣ
ߣñжͰɣ
̫ʼһ䣬飬ȻһݣŸ߿޾ķѩϷȥ
棬ᣬһݣͬɶȥ
ԱԽܶԸ̫ʼֻ壬̫ʼ˵Ҳͬˡ
ⳡս˹ϵش̫ʼҪɡ족ľҲɱ塣
䣡
̫ʼܿʧһ춯صĺӸ߿
ڸ߿ռҽֵʱ򣬵ҲʼԽԽǽͷ
ѩܵ谭ڹǷټ֮ǰǳսƻ࣬ѡʱ򹥳ǣҪ֮ǰ˳öࡣ
ӣ׼
ͷϣһƽ߿쳹һ̣𶯣Ƶĸֳ־޸ͬ˰ǽͷ
𣡡
ԴԴʵǶսʿЩ˻ţͬսʿʹ
ǵĶǳ򵥣ֻкּ򵥵Ķʽȴ󿪴ϣǿĲ˼顣
һսʿ޸УҺŴӳͷ׷׵䣬ôߵĵط׹䣬Ҳˡ
ˣҲ赲סĽ
ɱ
ͻȻ֮䣬һŭһսսʿͬͻ˶˫ſӴֱӽĿĸײǽͷ
һԽԽսսʿϳǽ
ϣ
ʯ䣬ͷϵĴսʿӦ죬һ˲䣬Ӹֻ䣬йˡ
һĻıɫ
ÿЩ˽Ը
ͻȻһӴ
ͨҵ
ؼףǱ˻ߵľ޴͵ش̤ǽͷ
䣡
ҵɫ㣬еȸ־޽˳һӣֻһҽУһսսʿһУ߷ݰӳͷɳȥ
ֹˣȸ־޽սףѣѪһ
սײͬһ㣬㱻ûЩȸΡ
İ޵У
ҵֵͬʱƵİսʿǽƽڳǽϣǵɽѣӴޱȣ˲ϢѹסԮսײӡ
սԤеĻҪңʿͨǽϵ¥ϵǽͷ࣬ƷҲͬڶˣʱдʿǽͷ
ӵǽסǣ
ͷϣʿģǽϱƽǳ侲ʩ
սʱ䲢սȴ쳣ңÿʱỵ̈˫вʿ
ˣԶսϣ»ɽĿһУȴûκγ˼
ɫ쳣ƽƺⳡսսһˣ;ֹͣ
ݵĳͷϣҲͬš
սʽֻгǷսʱٲһ㶼£ꡣҪôƾصĸݣܡ
˫иļ֣Ǵƻûչ¶ֺ˵ͷ
ণ
˵עݱ漤ҳǷսʱͻȻ֮䣬һ̶Х߿ƣӸݵŷ
ֵХȴֲȫͬĳֹźš
Ϊǣڰ˼ɱսϣʲôѹȥᱻرע⣬ǵͬĳ̶ֳϣǹսĺɱÿ˵ĶС
ô£
ĳͷϣ³áثһע⵽ĳХ
Ȼһ̣û˷Ӧ
¡¡
ضҡһһ಻ϵıըӸݵ˷
һɾ޴ĳ£ݵĶ棬ݵĳǽҲ
䣡
ͬʱķѩ㾡ȫ̫ʼ֣ͻȻ֮оϵľ޴춯һɹӵϯʱһݣǱܵĸоЩ
䣡
û˿ԥƽĹע£Ϊһɫŭ̫ʼǿˡ
ᣬѸ̫ʼ֮ľ룬ͬʱһΣ׼Ӷأһ̽
ʱһЦͻȻ
ǧʮ
ʲô
屾Ķ˲侲ֹȻ
ھ岻Զĵط̫ʼգǼ
㲻Ҫ鿴ʲô𣿺٣ǧʮСһڸݵصײõΪܹ赲ס𣿡
󷨶ǵֱʣǵĶԸǣֱЦ
һսѾˣ
̫ʼᣬ
˾ǷˣΪ󳤵ƣ;ԼoһΪԺƽƽ
̫Ϊ߰Ϊ󣬶󲻾»ˡ
ЩԶ֪԰ǵ㶫ڻµġ˵㲻ʲô
ڻֻǿʼǧʮС󷨹ɵ󷨣᳹ƻصһ󷨽ṹⱾΪ˶Ըִ󷨶Ķ
ѾûкҶԿʱˣ˵һսеľӶԵĴۡ
̫ʼĿⲻ˿飬һˡ
̫ʼһˣ̫ˣҲˣЩһķˣΪأżȻƥ˿ʼԴҪһ̣һϸ£鶼
һġߡֻнǳ׻ڵĺۼһĨȥõĽ
һ࣬ϣƺӦ̫ʼ
꣡
ض·ѿˣǺеһȫڸȥϣս˻һ̣սеս·ܵľţһƬҡ
ֹˣںͬʱݵصףһӴľ󷨺Ȼѣֻһ˲ǵݵ˲ʧ
ûдıӻХϯ£ݶʱ׹ѡ
Դ󺮳⻹˵һּܵȵĿẮָоͷ·㣬衣
꣬ۿɼٶѸٽһ˪
һĻ³áث˼ɫѸٱûҰޱȣ˾㷴ӦҲ׹ݵĴ󱻷ˡ
ܣܣ
ǽڣͼ˻һĻԼ۾
󷨻ѣһôûϵġ
һ̣ͼ˵Ķڲ
߰ʮĴкǧݰգû˱ͼ˸ףʱζʲô


ڶǧʮ սܣ
ȻһлԶûн
飡
ͼվںһƽ̨ϣܣǰսӰ죬ȫĵط֮һͬʱҲĺġ
վͼ˿ʱٿشͬʱҲԴ︩ǳڲ۲쵽б仯
ҹɫУһѶѻȼգ˳ǳأڻղĵطʱ˿̣һһĹâ䣬Ҳϵķһ
ÿһ𣬾ζųǳڣ󹹳еһС顣
һ󣬺ӦԶû
ͼ˿Ըоص׵ĵڶڲ߽⡣
ǳһڵ״̬
ֹˣӿͼ˵ĺ½ۿɼٶȽһ㺮˪ͼ˵ķ򿴹ȥǳڣһѶѻȼĴҲںӰ£һһĲϨ
ǺųƲ֮ġʳ͡Ҳž޴Ŀ顣
ͼվڸ߸ߵĸƽ̨ϣһ˼ͼݶ󷨣ıı仯ơ
Ƭ֮ͼͻȻ̾һı˫
ˣˣ
ͼ˻̧ͷһ̣ĶڵѪ
СĹϣΪоԭͨ󷨣ӵص˷ȡԪڲɢݡ
ɢݣǳ¯׵Ĳнһٵ֣Ҳû壬޷ﵽ֮ǰĹģ
ǳص󷨣ȫûԤϵ£ôˡ
壬Բ𡣡
һ̣ͼʹޱȡ
ǳصı仯ԶֹˣǳصʱΪܹЧķͼ˽ص׵ܵĸǽΪһ塣
͸ǳеļĺͷѳΪһ壬ʱθǽеĺҲܵ˳١
Ҳζţǳصļ̶̳ܵ˾޴ʹݻ١
¡
û˿ףǳضһθǽƺܵĳγǽͻȻͬǽϵĴʿһ󾪺У·ƽɽ¡¡صĵ£ѩ
ͬʱµģεһǽ
˵ĿУգ֮䣬ͭǽڵǽȻôȱڡ
ˣ
һĻ⣬ǧսʿ۾һһʱһɽѰĻ
ʿ񣬴ϲسǸǽΪ֮һսУΪ˸˲صĴۣڣ˱ѩİȻʧأȱڣֱƹ߸ߵĳǽ񱼣ֱݡ
ɱ
һɱ춯أԭˮ㳯ųͷɱȥͬˮԶܿս棬ȱڷӵȥ
һĻõ˶Ϊ֮ɫ
󱻻٣Ÿǽֵ˻תأǳǽһƣĳǳڲ¶ڵ˵֮¡
Ҫǣⳡս˽󲿷ֵı˳ǽϣеһҲΧģγǽͻȻ״˵Ĳ
ȥǽ
³֣֣󽫾ֵǳˣΣһҪȱڣ
ɫأ˵
û˱ףγǽеѹἯеطûд򣬽ƾʱܵסķ
ף
ý㣬ǳڵ˶Σ֮Уʱ˿ֻ˳ˡ
ôѾ޷ı󱻻٣Ѿ޷ʵ
âһ䣬Ѹٵʧڳͷϡ
һ࣬޾ĺӿĵط̫ʼңš
һжѾĹͷھ߰ǧϵĸ߿գҲĺɱԼڽϵѳǾ޴ĺһһϵĴУÿһصôϡ
Щ̫ʼ˵ҲѾס
ǧ󷨣Ӵ˴ģж£ҪǸܵģǿ̫ʼĳǰԼյ߿գһֻ֣ΪڻڰеǷ֡
»ɽѡҹʱ¶ΪڻЩвˣԱǽӽǽ
ƶϳбȻдĺ˲УĻô̵ʱھ󷨵Ĳá
̫ʼ㲻ɹģʲôԸ
忴Ŷ̫ʼͻȻڵ
ߣڻѼӲһսʤǰܣܿͻῴ
̫ʼЦδ䣬һǿʶᴩգӵ˵ϵ
»ɽʱѵѾ˴Ƶĳǽˣ
̫ʼ˵ⷬʱĿȴǿŶ壬ⲻԶ
ûж˵ֻ̫ʼһۣһΣʧصķѩ֮Уŵĸݶȥ
ԸоõϵѾǳΣա
ܲ˵ģ
Уȥ̫ʼȴû㣬ʲôѾ޷ıⳡսĽ֡
ԽܵľֻԽ
飡
̫ʼһȰѸʧ
ͬʱϣããĴУ»ɽ̫ʼ¶һ˿Цݡ
ڵȵһˣ
һɲǣ»ɽޱȡ
֪Ϊһ̣ȴ˶೤ʱ䡣
еĸ˻رʮƾķ߳飬ͨʤĴǰ׳ˡ
дȫһսҪеĴƾƬײ
»ɽԥ
һɲ΢΢¶һ΢Ц
ǣ
һܿ
Ű»ɽһĺŽ쳹սǷܹ
֮ǰսľȻҲԴԴϵǰӿȥʵõĲӻһ룬ɵıں
еľӶ˽֮С
ɱ
һɱӿȣ֮κʱҪ
ս۵糸ǰȥǵսû˳ǽ谭еݺ۳ңޡ
ããսУе춼ͨ죬˷ܲѣ˶֪ʤˡ
ˣǳڵѾڳˣǿ»ҪСȫܣ
ʱһǰͻȻڰ»ɽѹ
ӣӵ𣿡
»ɽԣЦ¶һ˿ڽɫ
Ѿ캮ضһƬ⣬ҵҪӣӵ˶Զ
˵ɺһսʳ˱ǧ׷ɱڷѩжʮųɾıʥ֮챾ҲŪһʥ
ӸϣѾһƬߣǽǧ˵ش
еİ֮ǰѱǨ½û˴纮ǳڵʮƱ·ӣʲôǳ½ҲֻڷѩжУΪ
ѾˣҲѾˡ
һǵ˾Ѿע


ڶǧʮ ׷ɱ
Ǭ棬ãޣԿҲһɣ
»ɽ
ǣ
һ£ݽȫǰɱȥ
߾۹ͻʡɲĽҲȫžĸݷɳ۶ȥ
ڴ󷽣˹ɺԨԼŮȫϲ󣬺Ͱ»ɽڶ棬ǰƽ
ǲ˼飬벻ȻӮ
˹ɺԨԼŮ˿ԶɱĳԺͬʱͬͷʶģ˵Ŀͳͳмİ»ɽ
ʼͬͰ»ɽ˵ʱҲΪƵ˼ޣֻƴһǷܹܴƣʵûаա
ǰ»ɽˣʤƽѾڳķȫб
ȥȫһҪһսг׵ļƵ۹
ľͬʱ
һս֮ǰΪԭʼ˼ɣֱһ̣㾡ȫ
¡¡
ս춯أһ㣬ϳŸݱƽ
սֱöԴԽĲ
ˣ
âһû˷Ӧ䣬һɫĳǹպ䣬ûȱڴĴ֮Уֻһ춯صľ죬һըУսʿҽţ׷ױըɳȥ
ү
ȱڴһ壬һʱһ
壬ǳˣزסˣ
壬³ǣ͵һеĺˣԡ
ضܱƾǹסǣ
⣬󲿶ӣ׼

ȱڴȥãã޾ӣɫǰͺ̵ɱƾȱڴıֵס
ڵҲֻгܹʱ赲ĳ
¡
û´ȥ¡ͻȻ֮䣬ضɽҡһ춯صľӺ󷽴̳УԼһ󾪻ŵĽ
ˣ
ˣ
жʱһ䣬ȻһлԶûн

ʱһ󼱴ٵӸɳ۶
ˣ桢湲Ĵȱڣɱ
ˣ󲿶ӱ棬ʧЧ̫ͣа˳ϵĳס޷䣬սڴ˴޷ʱӦԮ
ˣ󲿶֧ܵԮ
ˣȱڱͻƣǷܵǰл֧Ԯ

̶ʱڣʮ߰
һһϢĲϳȥһԵ³ɫҲѿ˼㡣
¡
ʱ򣬵ضҡû˷Ӧǳװҵĵһ죬ض·˺ˡ
¡
³ĿУǧɵĵطһŸıӪͳǷtȻЩУؿѣһ޴Ĵѷͬѣһ·ųǳӶȥ
Ǿ޴ѷ֮ԽԽĽŵ
ˣ
һĻ³ɫҰޱȣʧȥ˴֮󣬸ݵЩڱⳡֲĴ
Ҫǣһս֮ǰݣоͰӵ£óеĽս
ⳡ˺ѷᴩǳأֱӾͽǳսؼļĳ˺ѡݻ٣ȫɢ֮ǰõĳǳսϵͳ
û˵һɫҲص˼㣬δƻ񻯵֮졣
壬ǳƣ㻹кλ˵
ͻȻһЦſԶԶĴӳǽ⴫գ֮䣬һž޴Ÿݵķ򲻶ƽ£һϤӰȫƣҰ֮С
»ɽ
Ŀһһ۾ͱ˳
ʱİ»ɽǼսף緢󣬶ӰϷһӰһӴѹޱ޼ʣɢ
̫ʼ
һ̣գͬʱ֡
ϣ
˳ֵͬʱһ˻ƣ͸ǿ͸ʴϢս˻ԶԶ
߿·һ͸ѩʮľ룬ܹ
Ϥ塢³ԼĴƽʿжһ
ҷӾţ
©ƫ꣬飬ǽ»ɽŵǱҲʱˡ
ҷӿֲĹ֮⣬˿ɵ
˸Ӳǣû˳ǳصػҷӾںļӳ£ʵԽǿ󣬶֮ǰսоѾشʧ
ں٣ﶼԼͬܵ˼
ʱ˿̣ݣʶ֪
ȥ֪̫ͨٱáͬ޴󽫾˼Լث󶼻ȫ֣о⣬İӡȫϺ󣡡
⴫о֣вӣ飬ȫٺ󳷣ݣ
һ仰زѡ
ⳡսԶĻҪѣ͹ģ˵彨ݣڸϣѾǷ켫ԶԶԽ֮ǰĸߺ͸֮ǡ
˵Ϊ˽ݣ弸ʮڶƽΪЩģ鸽Ӵķĺ󷨡
ĳ̶ֳϣݼ˵ǻƽġ
ȻĸݻǱˣ⻹ǵһΡ
ֻѾϾȥϸЩˣǳڣս˻һƬңټĵ۹ʮıһѾȫĹͷ
սܣûκ赲»ɽĽŲ
һӵġجΡҲٴݡ
ˣ
һ䣬𶯣ֻһ⻷γɵķ˳ԭذ³һء
ı𣬳Զȥ
ɱÿ˶ףһѾĹͷ
ɱ
İӡ׷״ӸפĵطŶɱȥ
һսÿ˶ܵ˼Ӱ죬ϵë롢ףеĵһɫı˪û󷨵ļӳ֣ÿ˵ʵ̶ͬܵӰ죬ΪѪľԾЩȻżǿѹԵս
䣡
ʮİӵսʿһſеİ߸߾ֶȻȻӿ£ֻһ죬Ѫ䣬ʮֱӱֲİ˴룬ѪûбųԶѸᣬһѪɫĺ׹ڵء
𣡡
İ޵У
һİӵսʿŭţѪŷðɫһ֮ƣһ޻صĳǰɱȥ·𲻹ǰʲôҲ޷赲ǡ
İӳͬʱҲͬʱİӵư磬ĹϢҪƽöۣ࣬һ˸ͬ߰˹ȥ


ڶǧʮ Σˣ
ЩܹҵսʿϵĿź̹һּķʽ͸׵ķ϶͸ķ϶սʿ࣬üģ̫ѨҪ
֮Щ֮ǰޱȣɱսʿʱʧȥеһûĴһ飬׷׹䵽˵ϡ
Ѫڵӿֱ紵ƮɢһĮޱ飬һ侲ķʽǰȥӭӵڶо

齣
ӵս򵥵ֶսߵһ֮һһսʿ·ľ׮Ӷĵ¡
һ࣬սʽҪĶ࣬ϵĿԼԵĹʹܹӾ󲿷սʿĹ
𣡡
һսʿţһڵ˹ȥֱֱײȱڴĵо֮УȫӶսʿԶԼ

ֻһĲҽУŵǣսʿײﾹȻӲײɡ
սʿֱ֮׼һһȭ£һĹ죬ߴͻսֱӱһȭУƽɽ㣬صȥ
ᣬսʿһ粽еؽ͸սʿͷ֮ķ϶ֱӲĲһٽеСӳ
ܶ˶ֻ֪ķΪǿ󣬵ܶ˶ǱҲͬǿΪеľôֻ
壡ɱȥ
ѾˣǵĶ֣
Լİӵľѻսʿɺ۾ǰͺ̵ĳ
ǽıƣ˵Ѿʤƾһ֮һʱֹԶûôס
Ȼһ̣ӭǵһС󣬼ٽӽĽ޹
䣡
վԳֳǸ޹͵һݺ֮С

ֻһ춯صĲҽУ޹ĵط챬ը԰ټƵʿ߷һ㣬ǿֲɳȥ
վԳӣĿɺ죬Ӵɽһ㣬ںڰ֮Ҳһַ籩ǿѹ
𣡡
δ䣬վԳȻֱӷݵĳǽڵڳ֮У䣬Ǹ޹籩ϯ
һ̵ĽվԳչֳľ޵Ŀֲֻһ಻ϵľ죬ХԲ֮ڣսʿʱ⵽˻ԵĴ
ڽվԳһĴ֮󣬷ԲڣصĲ֫ϱۣ˵ʬصûһţζվԳһֲıˣǧٿףĿꡣ
ԽվԳʵЩǿȻչֳͨʱƻ޷ֵĳ̶ֳϣ䡣
ɱ
ͬʱһɱ춯أͬʱĳǽȱڣ˼ͬͰͺķİ糤̳ɱĴ֮С
֧µ֮
Դķ񹥻ԭˮ㲻ӿ⵽ػǽ飬ƵЩչʾսϰͳελ
ĴʱһƬҡ
үȫˣ
ھȡһ˿ʱͳͳȥ
ˣҪЩǽǻ޲һ£֮ǰǳսǲ޲𣿡
ХǳڲһƬţһϹû롢ͷüëȫǺ˪ȴɳٳٲŲǰһƽ죬һ˿ϣ
ͨӣϢĴƽܣ
ˣ飬ĳǽ޲ˣֻгˣү
޲ˣ޲𣿡
Ϲһʧȥɡ
һɲǣƵƤϹǹһʧˡ
ⳡս˰ǧɽԽ룬ƣϵ֮ǣʵѾ˻زȥ׼
кܶ˶ѾѸߣ˵ͬҪػĶǵݡѡˡ
Ƥ֮棬ëɸһս˵ͬĳʽϵս
ϹܿˣҲ̾Ϣһطȥﳷ˵
ҹעкܶ˺һʹࡢĲʡ
ʱ˿̣Ψһľʵִ
ֻǷѩĮĮӵȥأ
˵ĴʮͬʱȫȥƵʷϣǰδеĴˡ
ʱ˿̣һ࣬ݳǽڹâһʱƾճ֣赲̫ʼԼ»ɽ˵ǰ
壬»ɽɭһЦµ˳ʮɣ˺ľ롣
̶ڵһͷޣȻ»ɽ޲ÿܹɱԼĽ¡
Ͼı̫ǿڻܹ̫ʼһϸ£ڰ»ɽ˵кܴв
̫ʼĿ䣬ɽʼεضŶ塣
ٺٺ٣壬Ҳн죬ķƣڻʲôҶ
νƱʥҲˣھʦνɱңһûнɣ
̫ʼĻ»ɽЦǼ
֪Ϊһ̵ȴ˶೤ʱ䣬屻Ϊʥڹд֮Σڻһ»ɽ
Ǳʥ»ɽǲǿԳ֮Ϊˡ
ɽЩ£һӴܣǱʥͳ֮ñʥҲˣϧȡʱܣҲȫһӲ
˵󣬰»ɽ󣬷Цô۵ĲԹޣһⷬĻȫй
ˣ
»ɽ䣬һ˫Ŀ絶һ㣬ƺҪ»ɽ
С㻹ûʸǰ˵ⷬ

ѹԵĿ⣬»ɽһͣ漴Ц
ͷˣѼӲǰԽǲѷܵЩʿͻΪİԽࡣ
һʱһʱʱ廹ǰǿҪԸ쵰̫ķˡ
㲻ںİսֻϧǽһжиһˣģһս֮һĴ£úõдЩİա
кüǧգںʳȱôİգôأҲɱһɣɱһ뻹һǧ򣬻̫డ
»ɽЦ

»ɽĻжıһɼΣյĹâ
ˣ
ʱ̫ʼ˵ˡ


ڶǧʮ һ
ⰲ»ɽʱС˵־һѣʲôҪһȣڵ廹ԶûɥʧսڼŭʹðһЩΣյľٶڰ»ɽδǺ¡
ߣߣ𣿶ѾֵزˣΪ㻹л𣿡
̫ʼڿˡ
ȡһʱĴϢ֮һ
ȫܣϤȥЩȴʱǰⲻ
Ȼͼ̫ʼȴ⡣
֮ս˵ֻһȺ֮ʤǰܣ塣
Ҫǡ족ľƻ
ȡ˶ٵʱ䣬󣬶һֶѡ
ûһ̣һоͻδ֮һսǰˣҲԸӲˣҲһǸۡ
գݼᶨ͸һƸ۵ơ
κʱ򣬼㵽һ̣ҲԷ֮սˣ֮սҲˣܹȥδԶ
ߣ
Ļ»ɽΧڽж¶һּɫ
Ѿֵزʲô
Ǹۣ
׼ǽ·ˣ׼ͬھ
˵ⷬ;ĩ·ˡ
ǰĻ̫ʼҲüͷ΢壬ȴû̫⡣
ȻˣҾ㳹׵ľ
̫ʼɫδ䣬䣬һģһŰ׽ɫĹɢǿҵʱղȻǺ壬Ծ˵ٶѾ˳ǽΧںɱĴƲӡ
״ʱɫ䣬̫ʼⷬûϵ̫ʼһԽһеĴƲȫ𣬰ںɱʿ
̫ʼ߸ϣںЩʿȴ޷
飡
һݣŰ׽ɫɳķȥ
ʯ䣬һɫʱ֮ƾ֣ʱǵ׽ɫǰһʱͨŻԵİ׽ɫ˽ȥ
ûõģ
̫ʼò˿ĸ飬Ӱд
¡
ֻһ죬գۼһ׽ɫĹһȻͬķٴκһƵľӡ
̫ʼûֱӺ彻֣ȻںЩϰʿǾͣƣڱ
ˣ
һݣûѡһݣٿʱ֮ʱһ׽ɫǰ
ХŰ׽ɫǰʱһ
ƺĴʽ̫ʼڵڶŰ׽м˼Ӵһҵʱ֮ʹ޷֮ǰŰ׽ɫʱ֮ͨС
ͬʱ֮˴֮Ҳụų⡣
ҪַʽҵĹ
ʯ䣬Ժһͷʱ̫ʼ⡣
ַЩʿҪЮ壬һ棬̫ʼվԵһ棬ҲܹͣĹ󣬵ȵĹĵһĳ̶ȣǶ쾳Ҳ޷롣
ЩͷԺзӶţɫһ䣬ָţһס˻ƽꪡ
ԴУķ
䣡
һǸƽꪹЮŻԵʱΪһŭųǽϷ̫ʼȥ
һٶȼ죬ʼʮ֮⣬գ֮䣬Ѿ䵽̫ʼš
֪ˣأ
̫ʼȻĶ쾳ۼǰһһʱղ̫ʼΪ̫ܲʼǰһǿʱϡ
ǻƽʱϣʱһһʱ֮赲ƽ޾ĻҲ̫ʼ͸ʱǧССķ䳲״ռйȥ
ڵסƽꪵͬʱ̫ʼһţһ׽ɫĻ򣬴޵УС󣬼ٸ֡
ܸıʲôסÿһ𣿡
飬ǿŸոճ͵İ׽ɫ籼׳磬ٴγսϵһȺȥ
ۿŵڷɱǧҪ⵽֣֮̾Ϣһֻٴη˶Ȼһȭö׽ɫĻϡ
һţţš
̫ʼϵ׳һһŵİ׽ɫַͨʽĥڵ
һ̥̥
ۿžҪ޾ı֮УһͻȻ⼸ȱڵֵٻ
䣡
̫ʼٴ׳Żʱ̥˶ϣȻһȭӳ

У»Ӱͬʱ֣޾̥ӿ赲Żǰ
һѧУΨд컯һѧӵӽ쾳
ûõģ쾳µ߸ֵסǿе£ҲҪ޴ĴۣҵҪķֵܹ˼£
̫ʼ
쾳ϺͶ쾳£ʵ֮رҪǷǶ쾳ǿӲӣ⵽ʱ֮ǿҳɼˡ
һ仰Ƕ쾳µߵƾѪֵܹ֮סġ
¡¡
Ȼֻһ죬Ű׽ɫĻ򳹵׵ıѿ̺ϯأؼһҵķ籩ǵ̫ʼĿɨʱȴɵĿһӲȻһ˿˺۶ûС
߷Ȼ˼Ӳ
̫ʼΪһۿеʵҲ¶һ˿𶯵ɫ
Ȼû룬һ̣䣬̤⻷˲ӹգ̫ʼбϷ
һ
һҵ֮â䣬˲γϵĴɽ̫ʼն˹ȥ
һֺɣҵ׵ڸеһжΪ֮ʧɫ̫ʼһҲ¶һ˿صɫ
ԯ
̫ʼһ۱˳һ̫ʼҲȫԸ
䣡
ʯ䣬̫ʼԺâһһֹٴθ֣̫ʼڵޱȣͬͭǽһ㣬һ̫ʼֻһȭ̫ʼбŷ赲⡣
֮䲻ǵһνˣʼκβ̫ʼһҪԭ
һδƽһ𣬾̫ʼսʱͻȻ֮䣬֮еû˷ӦһϤѹٴθڸϿգգ֮䣬һִ׵ݺݵĺ䡣
ִޱȣ̸ͬһ㣬Ҫǣ̺Ӵ־
һΣʯܹһȻͷһ۾ͿվԶԼЦİ»ɽ
ʵ̫ˣô̵ʱѾͻƵ˶쾳°»ɽսףõ־ļӳֻ֣˺֮֮ھ֮УʱҪǿ˲٣ҲֻǴﵽ˰벽ĵزȻвСĲࡣ
»ɽ̫־׵磬Զ̹һˡ
õս׵ļӳ֣»ɽԲٿظ֮Ҳ


ڶǧʮ С˵־
壬㲻Ϊһյ°ɰɣҵҪҪεֵҺ̫ʼ˵Ĺ
»ɽЦ
δ䣬գۼ䣬𶯣һʯɵ̴ӴųǽϷȥ
ڵشƻ֮󣬰»ɽ֮Ѿͻƣ뵽־顣
Ҳʱͻ𡪡
飡
ڸ棬ͻȻһֱ̻̻ܺٳ߸߾ͳϨ𣬵ʱɼҫۺĿ
ߣ
³ٱˣȫˣ
һ㵵ʱͻȻС
»ɽһ㵣׹ĴѾȫ˵źš
ߣߣǬӣãǬ棬ȫסǣ
»ɽ
ǣ
һ˲䣬ݺĽɷĳȶϺľ׷ȥ
òռϷ磬ȥ
»ɽǵ͹˴⼸ֵ֧ʵ֮ǰĴսİӡȶûִƾͬԼáثͳļʮѾɱѷ֣֧㼯һʤ
⼸֧Ҫһ򣬻ãã޼ʵֻҪ˵ĻǴǬӡõ㾡ȫҲ
үߣ
һ£Է糾еɱɾ֮Ѹٵսɶȥ
ţİӡжȫתͷͬһ㣬ȥ
˶ûͣûпһۣһ´ô˶һ˿ϸȥִС
ԷΪְκν֦ΪֻƻƻһΪıû˱Ǹ
ϣ
ս˻ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬жʧڳǵķ
һлԶûн
𣡡
ֻһһ̣Хһ޴ĺӰ̩ɽѹڵķ£Żδմأһ޴Ĺӻ磬Ű»ɽɨȥ
վԳ
ǵɽͰ׹µȻ»ɽҲɫ䣬ֻ̼æȥ
ͷվԳûоһ˵ƤһǿޱȣսԻԿ١
վԳһб˰»ɽеĽ޹趯ɣһյ̫ʼлȥ

һĻ̫ʼҲüͷ΢壬ͷվԳܵУչЩҲ΢΢˰벽ܹһ
վԳһտգҲ٣ħɱȥ
䣡
УվԳһɨǽͷϣʵսʿҽűɨȥǽͷһƬѪģ
վԳһź¡̤£ǽȱڴոճ˴ף̤ࡣ
һĻ»ɽڽҲɫһ䣬ͷվԳȻʱ޷԰»ɽ̫ʼвβܣʵԶɾ޴
У̫ʼʼǺ⣬ǿվԳǿֲɱʱɫһ
֯ͥԾӣΪ֯Ķ֮һɽվԳԼǰɱ¾棬վЩ޴棬˵ȥ
֪
̫ʼһ˿ΣյĹâָһţƼһĵİ׽ɫʱ֮ƾո֣ţңң׼·ĽվԳ
̫ʼֿ죬ָ죬ۿеĴѾˣ͸ȱԴԴӿû˿ԥһ̥ͬʱһͣӡһɹĺ֮صĴ󺮳Ҫֲö࣬Ȼڱ
磡
ɣԶ쾳ʵʩչ˵̥츳ͨ
¡
ֵɲǣҡضնһ£еһʧһɵɫޱ޼ʣڱ
Ϊ㣬ǰɵķΧ֮ڣڱ۵սĴ죬߸ߵĳǽӿԼѩ˲⣬绯Ϊһĺ硣
ã
ͻڿϱŷɲǣ»ɽһܵĲһּΣյĸоϸ룬»ɽһΣȫˣͬʱȫסȫ
ͬһʱ䣬ǬӡǬ˾һͬȥ
ǱѾǽͷҪβ׷ɱǸоǻصֻ̺󳷣ͬڵסȫ
е̫ʼʱҲɫһݣıǰòݱܷâ
ﺣ֮ս̫ʼȻûۿҲ֪̫Ǭǰ⵽ĳּ˵ıϵѧĹ
Ҵº̫Ǭı磬ǰ֮֮ʦ̫Ǭ֮¶˶֣̫ʼصޡ
ˣ
âһ̫ʼ¹⻷֣Ѹٲٿʱ֮ʱֲܿһ
»ɽǬӵ˾ûôˣǵأֻգۼ䣬ͻ˹ɺ߾ʵԨڣһ㺮ͬ㲻ܿƵ׹ȥ
Щÿ˶ʵǿһ۾뢣嶴쾳ǿһҲֵͬס
ߣ
һˣҲ΢΢͸һ˿԰ףԶݶȥ
һӦΪȡһ˿ĴϢ֮ƴ󣬼˰սҲ֪Ҫƾһлܣ̫ʼǰ»ɽˣһûгױǣɢɵķΧҲ
ȻոݳǧɣһĴӳǽ󷽴飬ĺ˲飬»ɽĺӵ𣬽ţǬӣ˹ɺԨĵҲͬϵĺ
Уһ̫ʼȥٴγ֡
飡
һ죬һɰͬһεĹս̫ʼ£ãã޾ļ׷飬ӱѳ
ôƬ̣ŴѾ뿪ˡ
ߣӵ𣿡
У̫ʼգŲӿŵĴƾӣȻһЦ
̫ʼ˵ЩŬ塣
ʩչ磬ʱ赲ѵΪ赲һ
ããѩ٣ûκڱεĶЩ׼ްΪʮܹܳԶ
޴߿ˣ
̫ʼһ䣬ʧУķ׷ȥ
󷽣»ɽգ׷ѼҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ܣѾֵز壬㲻ΪһѰɣ
»ɽŤͷ˵ķ¶һ˿Цݡ
ⳡսڲĸ߳
һΣҪʹˮ׷壬ӵֻ·һ


ڶǧʮ Ѷ
սײӺͽǾﰲŵôˣ
»ɽͻȻڵ
⼸֧ѾʱûǣѾǴӸΧ׷ɱȥֱ˸ݵڣ
ӳǽʱǾѾû⣬һԼʱִĳţԳɹסǡ
һɺӿ̤գ˰»ɽ󣬵ͷ
⣬⼸֧ɴǬӺͼ졣
ã
»ɽԣ¶һ˿Цݡ
廹̫СˣΪֹһжļУǼ֧ٶ죬ȻҪʮѹܣֻҪסǾ㹻ˡ
һϧĲ˵ôͨζ岻ܶǣݳˡ
֮ʰ
»ɽ͸һ˿Ц˴һʼѾעĻԻѾȥ»ɽʱ
ʬʹƵķϣһӴͳһ
ǣǵ˶ֳŵʱˣ
ܴƣޡ۹ͣ
һ仰»ɽ͸ҰģƺҲӡҡĳˡޡ
䣡
»ɽĻһɽѰĻ
ɱ
˶ˣսȱڣ˳˵ķɱȥ
Ѿð»ɽ˵˶ʶⳡճ־õսǼӭյʤ
ʱ֣֮ڻıʥʹƵ۹
бûбٶޣϷɱȥ
ʱ˿̣һ࣬ڣণսţΣյϢв
ǳƣ˶ԼˣƵı糱ˮ㳯ȥ
ڳ˵ͬʱûжע⵽һ֧ں󷽣ں󳷵ͬʱǳؽһúõĻϣܹ赲׷Ĳ
Щط벻ķ򵯳һǽͨ赲׷
ˣ
ͬʱâһǳ棬صĳУûжע⵽һӰƾճ֡
ˣ
ƾճ֣İӰУһӰһ
ϸȥӰȻѾٳֵԾ䡣
ưˣдһƬң׷׳ų⳷ȥԾȴ⴦עĽУɫƽţݷʱˡ
׼ôˣ
Ŀһʵ
ʱ̫ʼڴˣǰ壬ض൱ȡ
̫ʼǰ壬Ѿ;ĩ·ȫһӣȻʱɫ򶨣һǳرƣܵӡ
ˣһжѾ׵ĿǰѾȫ찣ûɡ
Ծ乪һš
ܺãʤǰܣͿһˣ۹ˣʮȫڴһ٣
֣ص
ǣ
ԾӦԥһ£
ǴˣǷô죿ңǷ̫ðˣ
ûпǣһսֻʤܰܣҪʤСķʽ
һ㡣
ý㣬ʮƵ۹ѾƵ·Ψһϣ
ǣ
Ծ״æҲüᶨ
κʱ嶼ǵ۹֧Ҳܴ۹ʤԼ۹Զ
ˣ̫ʼǱѾ׷ˣɡ
Ŀһܿع
̽һץӵץԾ䣬һ̤飬ΪһӰʧ١
УһںڰӿһоͺʲôûзҲûκ˵ע⡣
¡¡
ս¡¡ױټĸ֮ǣͻʡɡ߾Լ֧ãã纣ŹУѸÿһٶȲ׷ȥ
ɱֵǣÿɱһƾͽƽʮǽҵʱˣ
ˣд⣬ʮգ
ˣǶҼţӲǿģܴƣ
һ춯ص˻쳹
캮ض͸Ȼʱ˿̣սʿȴạ̊́ɱֱ͸ҹնŤ
һ̣Ǵݿ࣬ңûκζܹ赲ǶԴƵ׷
˶һսʷҲΪһսʷᡣ
󷽣»ɽսף̤գҲŽǳء
£һӴĽΡȻǸݵҲ³ҪµĵطڣһȺݱӿУ˵ĴҲս졣

һĻ»ɽӿһޱȵԺУ
Ʒʿķ˵Ǵ󺺸ʵ۽ʱ˵Ļ޺ͬ޲ҪʿķΪ޵Ѿûе֡
Լսֺҫ۵ĸϿշ»ɽڲԼҰġ
սײӡڤڶݾԼҵҷӣټ֮Ӻ̫ʼ֧֣û˵»ɽһս˭ס
꣡
ʱ»ɽĻǬ桢Լݽ죬⣬Ÿݱ뷭ڵأɽꡣ
ʱѾ죬ӭڴʱ̡
Ѱܣ¼Ѿûκ赲˰»ɽݵı췴ƻʡ
ѶҸаɣһӱ˿һء
УʱĪڸСһֱŰа»ɽıӰѡ
»ɽҪƵۣпΨһҪ˵ˣǱ죬֮֮֡ǰ̽Ѱڣ˵ʱ׽ūİ»ɽ
һж֤ľǶԵġ
ֻƾ֮оԱʷȴû顣
Ű»ɽ˸оʲôȴԿ»ɽѨ͸Ϲ⣬֮ǰİ»ɽֻǺǱͷ֮࣬ڣ̥ǣϵĺҲѸת䣬͸֮ࡣ
Ǵ½ɣÿλ֮ף
Ҳǰ»ɽͻȻҰģԳΪޣΧڽֱ꣬ȴûֹԭ
ǲ˵ѵģ
ڴ˵أƣûκζ֡
𣿡
ڴʱ»ɽͻȻС
񣬰»ɽֻһ飬ָɵйͷ֮ޣԼھʦܵ衣
ر£̫ʼѾȥ׷ˣѾִƳ˵ıӺʹ޽ǰȥ׷ɱ
ϣһܿ칪
ã˸ζܵһ֤һʥ;ĩ·
»ɽ͸һ˿ЦɫһΣһХطѩ̫ʼķ׷ȥ
ϣ
ڽѸٳȥ
ҹɫĺ絶ƽĳŸĴƾɫֻ̣ӿš
Ȼһ̣ȴһƬã׷ɱǰȴ޾ԭ


ڶǧʮ ը
壬߲ˣ
ʱһ˿УͻȻϿջ졣
գ֮䣬̫ʼɫĿԶֻһͳбϷԶĵط

̫ʼһƬţ˶ǵôˣ֮ǰս̫ʼö׷˼Ϊ̵ӡ
ڴھ˵ɫݹŹֵ̫ʼجΰֲĴڡ
âһû̫ʼ֣һʱɢʱƾո֣赲̫ʼǰ
ߣڿϳ𣿡
̫ʼЦٲ֣ͻֱӳֶԸЩͨĴʿ
һᣬǼ֪̫϶ͬһҿʹ죡
̫ʼ
̫ʼĻһܿͻָ
̫ʼûһ̣ǲģҲ䣡

˲ˣǽһ֧ڹǵĴǶͻʵĽǾ
ˣ֧ǽײӳߣûзɱ룬ͨ󽫾Ѿǰȥֵ
ݱ֣β׷ɱǵĴ
ǰ߳

˵ʱ򣬷ʮȿֺ󣬲ֻʶϢôһƬҡ
ôô
©ƫ꣬ӶجĴһϹ촽ɫ԰ޱȡҲͬ԰׵ɫ
ȻһлԶûн
ʱһ߿ս˻ϤŨҵϢӸڴԶԶģֻâһһƥĿɺ죬̤һֻҰ׵ս⻷һԫϱڣѸ˵ķ򣬷ɳ۶
һ̶ʱڣǧƵ
ҷӣ
Щϸֳľ
壬û뵽ҲгΪˮһ죡
ͻȻһЦҷ
»ɽδǵĴЦȴԶԶȥֻ»ɽ΢ֵӰ̤գ
»ɽĿޱȣԾܻûеִǰߣԶԶĿ̫ʼѾ׷壬»ɽȲĴ
ΣһҪ۵ǰȥҵ
˷Ŀȫеϣ۴ķ濴ڵ壬Ѿɽˮ·ߡ
Զͻ˹ɺ߾ԨģŮԼڶĽ춼Ŵ
Ƕ֪ԶĶһԾ𣬷ݶΪ˲һϷ
ԶǵâɣһӰû˿ͬ飬ֻ޾ֻû⣬ǽ֤½ǿʥ䡣
忴ˣվԸңҽһµȡƣ
»ɽЦ˿ŹʹĻᡣ
ˣߣֻ߲˵ͷ̫ʼ»ɽΪԼӮ𣿡
Ԥϣ»ɽķֻ̣ҡͷһЦ˿ûбֳһ٣˫ǳĺɫѩޱȣ͸ĳ⡣
ʲô˼
̫ʼƤһĲ׽һ˿΢ı飬֪ΪʲôһǣͻȻַǳĸо
٣׽ū׽ū̫ʼ»ɽǲΪԼӮ˰ɣ
ǰ̫ʼ΢΢¶һ˿ĪЦݡһΣ΢ɲ˼˺̫ʼľ롣
̫ʼ嶢ţüͻͻֱֲĸоͻȻ֮Ũҵ˼㡣
Сӵʲô
ѾֵزݶѾˣص׵ĴҲȻ޴棬Ǳɽʱ׻ʲô
̫ʼܵľڹŪ飬ֻǡ
ɱ
ٶıԣҲʩչ
̫ʼĿһ䣬ָţһ˶Ϊ֮ȻǿҲ緢
ʲôıֻҪնɱʲôҲʩչˡ
ˣ
Ŀ棬̫ʼָոһ֪ʲôֻϧһжѾ̫ˡ
ıãһУɹ̫ʼ»ɽԼ죬еԼĴϣһ·ĳſڣΪľһ̡
ণ
˾ĿУйâһ漴һ߿ƵļХƺƵ㣬ڷѩдʮ
ʲô⵽ʲô
Զ»ɽŭǾ䡰׽ū׽ūͻȻ֮巢һХжʱһ㵣ȫ׷ʲô
ˣ»ɽǱܵĲһХĳźš
Ȼڰ»ɽ˼ʱͻȻһ̣벻鷢ˡ

ڰ»ɽб󷽣һǧɵĵطһ͵¥ϣâɣͻȻһܵĻ棬û֮У˾Уƻ𻨣ͬ˿㳯˷ɢȥ
ãϨЩ棡
ڤڤУһͷӹԺ»ɽɫޱ䣬
ֻһжѾˣǳȼĵطԶֹһܰ»ɽʲôѾ̫ˡ
ӣһ̡
¡
һ춯صľ죬ͻȻӸݵصû˿һըԼƵʿ˵ǿģֲµĴը
һ˲䣬ڣõЩģԭǧ򣬱鲼ǳأĴЩ˸֣ӶҲ˿ûж࿴һۣȫûر
һĳǳĸģͲʵ̫Ѱˡ
Ȼһ̣еЩģ飬ͬǳصص׵һЩƽṹȫΪֲĴ޾ıը˺ͻӵص籡ǳأǱըĻ⣬̫Ҫҫۡ
ٰǳأڱըһ˲䣬֧飬Ϊ촷ۣʮֲĻǻԵûʬ޴档
ͬʱܵģһҷӡ
һΪ׷壬»ɽʣһǧҷӣֳ֧һ֧߰ǧ˵Ķ飬ȫǰ׷壬ʣµıΪṩ֧֣ԵϺ
ǧҷͷӣִϲĳǳʱʣµһǧҷӣڳǳ롣
ϣ
ս˻һǧӵв֮ҷӣڱը˲䣬ͱ֮ߣЩûʲôˣҷӣսУӵаģ޿ѹȻǿҷӣⳡʷǰĴըǰϰС
飡
ڱը˲䣬һһǿҷӣ籬ը̻һ㣬ǳĻ׵˺顣
һ˶ˣ˹ɺԨģŮһ̵ɫò԰ޱȣϾȥ˼ΪľͬڱըķΧ֮ڡ


ڶǧʮ תըҩ
飡
˶ֻüסȫһ̾ͱҫ۵Ļ⳹ûա
ܣܣ
ʱ˿̣𺳵Īڰ»ɽ̫̫ͻȻˣû˿ס
ǰһڵ׼ףյʤһ̣ͱҸǿµıըȫԽ̫ʼ쾳ǿߣµĴըǰҲһԵȻʧɫ
һ̣»ɽˣ̿ˣŵľ
û徹ȻڵصֶΡ
䣡
»ɽֻüȫҪŻסһ̣ͱ˴ףϸ߿ա

ʱ˿̣𶯵Ī׼ֵ̫ʼˣڱըһ˲䣬̫ʼ͵۾׶Ťˣ
ܣ
һĴڱըһɲǣʮ˵ϢʧˣȫڱըĳΧ֮ڡ
̫ʼ޷һУ嵽ʲôܴﵽЧ
ⳡը»ҪԶԶﺣ֮ϣΪӦտɫĴը
һ࣬˵һӦյ
㵽ʲô
̫ʼĻعͷݺݵĶǰ
㣬Ҳ׵ģ
ȻһЦûϸ˵
ҩ
ʱӦó֮Ϊըҩˣ
ڤڤУǰըҩ״ݻٵĸݣ¶һ˿Цݡ
ڳɹˣ֪Ϊ˵ȴһ̣Сı˶õʱ䡣
ҩ˵ըҩⲻӦóϵ
һּΧչ嶼޷ԤϣǻĳԱܵģ岢û̫ȥٽ
˵ѣܶ鿴򵥣ʵֵʱȴԶûôɣըҩʱ˵һ򵥵顣
ΨһģǴƵ۹ΧڣչЩо̻ĻҩԴͷϻȡԭϣȻһĽᴿ
ҪּӦõսУʵԶûôףѡģǽЩըҩ䵽ģڱڣһʽġը
޵ܱտռ䣬˿Լ䵽еըҩ֪조ըҩ׷ʽ
Ϊ˱ⱻЩģڲһɳӣͣڲʱըҩ
һҪ̫ʼ»ɽЩˣҲûôףڸݵص׽ʹһǾƴԸ̫ʼֶ쾳ǿߵĿ̽
ֹˣ廹еĸģ棬˴С͵ľ󷨣ҽЩС󷨺͵ص׵ľ;ƴ󣬸Ը˴˶
Ѿϵ˳ǳرƣԹӪһУ
̫ʼҧݺݵĶǰ壬Ŀޱȡ
սһֱŸ߸ϵ̬ըȴ̫ʼĸ̬׵Ĵݻˣ̫ʼʹһ࣬ʹ޻Ϊھʦݻ
Ϊ飬Ȼһܣ̵ĳѹ
ǣ
΢΢һЦϡ
޵ĳ裬ٴ̫ʼ¸ܵ˶Էǲϻ۵ģŨҵ˼ɱҲη塣
ûйƵĳǽҲûƲ˵ĴرǶ֯ϵĴڡ
̫ʼΪǱУ䲻⣬ǳش󣬵˵ӿսֱ̫ʼֵһڵȴһ̣Ȼ̫ʼˣǳ飬һ̫ʼûиоʲôȻ׵ķ˾裬شﵽԼҪĽ
̫ʼˣ˵»ɽˣûһˣ⵽Щֽš
»ɽ̰֮ģҪΪС
ȵ̫ʼ˲ʱһжѾ̫̫ˡ
쵰ΪӮֻҪɱ㣬һжֻǾлˮ£Զı䲻ʲô
̫ʼɫŭѣһû˿ԥ屩ѡ
ɱ㣬ٻĴһгɿգ
䣡
δ䣬̫ʼԺҫ۵Ĺٴγ֣ͬһʱ䣬̫ʼǱĳǹƿգ༲۶ȥ
һǹ̳ٱΪǹٶ̫죬ʾһɳľ޴ǹӰǹ۵ɽͶΪ֮
ߣ̫ʼ㲻ΪҲĶְɣͼذĻ֮أ
һ̫ʼ⾪˵һҲû˿ȴ
䣡
û˿ԥֻսף϶źȭף͵һȭ̫ʼеĳǹ˹ȥ
̫ʼѾֹΣֻһκκһζͬȭǹཻͬһʱ䣬һɷ籩ľʵʣ͵شȭⱬ
޵ڶΪһʱҵı
䣡
ܵ;˫ع̫ʼҲ͵һ¡
ͷ
̫ʼɫһ䣬˲ϳҲ룬ľ糱ˮӿͬ幥ȥ
һΣȴûи̫ʼӵĻᣬû̫ʼ֣һˣâһһ޴İɫʱ֮ƾո֣һͨ߿յʱͨ˲佫̫ʼ˽ȥʧ
˺󷽾ǴƵʮӣﱬսô˲ء
̫ʼʧȴû̫ĲΪʱ˿̣˵עеǰĸݡ
һըʱ˿̵ĸϿŨ̹Ǳըķ棬ʬأԭһⳡʷǰĴըУٱ֮Ȼ㻹ʣʮҲܵ˲СĴˡ
Ȼһ飬ۣɫҰܣΧһƬӣȫãȻ
ոգ׷ʲô
Ϊʲô˽֮ͻȻ֮ᷢĴը
仯̫죬̫ͻȻֱڣлһƬհס
˵ʮѾӳݵĴƾӣʱһƬãȻ׵׷ʲô
ʱ˶ж
ھȫҷѾ
¡¡ݵص
䣡
ɲǼ䣬еĴƾӱһɽѰĻ˷ӦʱҲ׹еһȫĽ֮ǰİ߳ˣȫľı
磬ѾİѾһʹá
壬쵰ģȻӶڹ
֮У³ɫҰܣѾսܵ׼ʱ˿̲ɷЦѡ
Ȼ壬³ɫһֵ˼ûУ߹Ҳ彫⼸ַӵ˼£ֻ壬ڽԼϲġ
ֻҪܹʤ˭ʹʲôֶΣ˶ˣ


ڶǧʮ ܣ
ֻо벻Զ̫ٱĿ΢΢һ¡
³Ϊŵִս̫֪ԽԽܣɹļҲԽ͡
õ۹󽫣ǳ飬󷨱٣һ㶼ţȫûнǵӣ˵ʱҲ򶨣̫ɣ
Ϊһεս֪ģҿҲǵ۹Ψһ֪ġ
һը֮ǰպܴ׳ֵı̫࣬ȴΨһġҴСĻʤʽ
һ㣬Ը񲻹Ц³Ȼͬй¶ʲô
ڳɹˣ
Ҳ̫ʼǱߵս٣˲أѾȫʧȥ˺ʹƶԿ
ҪǣΪսߵҷӾţⲨըУֱ⵽ʷǰشֹըĵһҷӱ׵ը飬ǧҷǰҲͬܵ˳
ȻȻǧҷӴǽҷӣѾԶԴƵļʮǰвˡ




һ춯صĻ쳹һ̣дĳݼֱﵽ˶塣
һΣ
һδ˷ΪʤӮⳡƹ˵Ŀսʤ
һֱֻҪھ;ʧܣ
ɱ
һУʮѪڣŸոճĸݳɱȥ
ʱĸݾһ޴˹̺Ŵըǡǡһõı֮ܺء
¡¡
ս¡¡ʮƾ磬ͬƺƵӿȵĺˮһŸ۷ȥ
ˣ
ڴǰͨҵһ𣬻Ǳ޴ȸֽһȣǻеǧҷӳɱȥ
ǳɱͬʱѵ֧Ŷӣ¾ߣİӣɱ˹ȥֻ˲䣬ͽǧҷȫû
֮ǰҷӼֱɱɱսͬ޵еĴڣһը֮һѾȫͬУǧҷѾ˴׵ġ򡱡
ܣܣ
ʱ˿̣ӳͻϮƾĴǬɫ㱣ػ
Ӯ
Ϊʲô
Ǹ쵰ʲô
ʱ㻹ʲô˵
ʱһϤ̹ǣͻȻУǬʵǬӶһֻ˷糱ˮӿĴƾͻȻˮ˷ֿһϤӰɫһƥͻʵԣԼ
ث
˫޵Ǭһʱȥ
ʱ˿̣ͬĻֻǴǬӣŴƾӵ۷ɱǾȫذΧ֮С
ԭɳͷӣֻҪסƵľӣϺ󷽸ϵԮһлͿԽƳ׵Ļ
ڣԮѰܣƾһıֵܵ˷ãã޼ʵĴƾӣЩӣȫͨľ
䣡
һ׵⼸֧ΧڤڤУһӴѸٳֹͣˣս¡¡Ŀͬ޴󽫾˼Щͭս׵ͬڵɱ
һɲиǳޱȡ
ǴǬӣֻ߽ǾڵĴ˵ֻССĲҪĿ꣬ȻǸǽٺʮа»ɽλķ
¡¡
ضܼ쳹أĺɱУ޾ĴƾӳŸڷɱȥ
ǳڣһϱڲԫϣʮȻţֻѾȫûͿԣҲսеĵ֪ڱըзɵ
ŶɷһɱĴƾӣıĻ̻̣Ѿȫʧȥս⡣
һըݻʮΣؼǣͻĴըͬһ㣬׵شݻ˵ʿ
ĴѾû˺ʹһս
ڶڴը֮С
գ
ͻȻ䣬һ󼱴ٵԴ
ãã纣ĴƾӳƷɢڸӹһٵͻȻ֮ȾܣŶ򼲳۶ȥ
ӣ
Ѿɣǻ̼Ŵˡ
Ѿˣ˵ҪһսѾʤϣˡ
ʿź磬ӷдűȥ
ˣȻˣѾ޷һսˣ
Ҿ֮Уһͻ˹ɺվһͷ˻ߵʬԣƾʧǡ
λͻʺϣѾһ㶷־
ոյĴը˹ɺҲڱըĺĵشƾһ߳Ϊ˹ɺǳɹػֻʮԾûôˡ
Ȼʱ˿̣˹ɺѾϾ˼µİˣˣոǲըУʧ˶ʮ߰ʧصġ
ʣµıҲ˺ۣ˲ᡣ
Ѿʧȥս
ȫˣ
пɬ˹ɺǺԥȵһ䣬˹ɺӶѸٷ˸һƥսȻһڴƵı֮ǰűȥ
ˣڵ˹ɺѾϾ˼ôˣڴըһ̾Ѿ߽⣬֮Ǿһ
˶·һ
һ࣬Ӣµĸ߾ʵԨץżͬƾܵǰδе𺳺ͳ
ϵѺɫİѣ׶ըãȫλӡ
ȫˣظ߾뵺
ԨͻȻø߾
ܵ˹ɺҲĶӵɱ̫ٱú³һ̣аٰĲʣԨҲ״ȥ
ΪʲôҪظ߾뵺Ԩףû⣬ѾһƬ⣬ȴԨΨһ뵽ȥԺֻԺȥˡ
գ
ԨĵĴ£и߾۹ʿףһƥƥս̻ɥ֮Ȯ㳯ȥ
һ࣬ݱҲܣȺݱչֳǿսڰ»ɽͳ£Ǹƻšһɡ
ͬĺ˳Ƕڰ»ɽӵȻ׽УҲԸӵŰ»ɽܹʤܴǳ¡
ɽҷӶըһˣɵӶ֪һսȥѾˣҰܵĺ
ɢڰ»ɽʧܵ»Ǿ޴ˡ
Ҫˣߣ
һ󾪺쳹ط
ܵĴУӰϢ磬ͨʿȻͬĿ
ϸȥ˺ȻԿͰޡ


ڶǧʮһ ĸУ
ⳡը˶˲ˣһƬӣͬ־ȫޣڴ֮Уܡ
УøϽҵ
ͻȻ֮䣬Կͣ½Ųһ֣ء
ܴȥǱϾͨʿͬҲ˶壬Щ˶԰»ɽĹ
ȥϽ뿪˵жɽĻᣡ
⡭ţ
һԵİԥһ£ҧ˵ͷ
׹ȥ꣬»ɽʵһֱʱ°»ɽܣδЩ塣

˵ĿɨսͻȻ֮䣬߰˰ɵİУ˿һϤӰ
»ɽϻսף󲿷ֵĳս׵ֵֻͷɢң΢΢Щ˶ѡ
գ棬һƬʧģƺڸով޴ıըУûзӦ
ʱӽϸ۲죬ͻ֣ᷢ»ɽ촽һϵظż仰
ܵģܵģ֮ġ


ڲǷʱ򣬸Ͻ뿪ɽڲûգ
ȴûô࣬һ߼һƥսŰ»ɽķ򼲳۶ȥ
УХƺǱϳ˵»ɽһ£ع˽ࡣ
»ɽӵ𣿡
ʱһףͻȻؿռ䣬ڳǳ
䣡
»ɽһڳѹûԿͰ޿һ̣»ɽɫ԰ף羪֮㣬űȥ

ϣһ˲佫ԼԶԶ˦ʧԶİ»ɽԿͰĿɿڴһ仰˵
˿ȷôһɲǣ»ɽǴͷӶ̣»ɽֻûпһۡ
ߣ
˵ζƵľѾɱѾϾ˼ôˣһͬűȥ
ɽ˶ܣӲ˵ľֻеȴˣ˶ܵʱȴûע⵽һϱڲԫɶѵʬУһʮʿһֱϢĿһУ˶ʧǣʬһ㡣
һսΪĹ٣»ɽҲΪԭ򣬸бܹ˱ըĺġ
Ҫǣըʱݵʿ׷˹ԼסУסλݵľʦ
Ȼˣȴû˿ңֻ޾ı;
пܵҲ֮ززͷӹȴûһۣΪ˵İ»ɽ˶ãã޾ɱڣӿĴƱ
ܣܣ
Ϊʲô

ˣ
һ̵ĸУ˷·𱻴ƵƤʧȥеһ㣬һ˫ϥһǼʯĵϡ
һ̵ĸﻹһλ˳ᢣľʦģ
ѵĴ»ɽӦδ𣿡
ͷããգһ˿ʹɫ
ʤֻΣҲĿС
ڸ˵޷ܵǣζ뱲Ϊ֮ܶΪĿ飬ֻһлˮ¡
ܣġ𣿡
޾գڲУ»ɽǿǣԭڣֳ֮࣬񣬵һ̣ǿɫǳͬܵػ㣬ɢֳԭĺ֮ࡣ
ǺҲâǿʢ
һըֱӸı˰»ɽˣն仯֮·
Ǳ죬ΪǴѶδԸģѵ˵Ѿγɶ֮ҲԱı𣿡
ʹı۾ૡ
ѧ鼮УֻᵽβѰ֮ӣԼʱ˳ɾ͵ҵȴû֮Ҳܹת
飡
ͻȻ֮䣬һֻڸǰ̤£ͬʱһӴϢڸеĸ֪С
һֻһδĴƽۼףսɫĿǰ
߾ʦүپʦ꣬վǱҵˡ
ѦǧӸ£ȻһЦ
ǰ廹΢ĩ֮ʱѰУֻϧԵһ棬øӵ˶ݣ˰»ɽµһʦ
ʱǨѶվٴҵ
үһţ޻˵ɱǹУϤ㣡
г̾һͷٶ˵
ѦǧԣֻȻһЦܿŸ뿪ˡ
¡¡
ս¡¡ãã޾ĴƾȥٴɱֻһεĽ֮ǰ֮
ͶͶ
ˣܵսʿɫֻ̣׷׹ڵأ߾˫֡
һЩ׺ݵʿͼ翹Ȼһ԰ټƵĴһӵϣЩڷʿն¡
ûͣû˶־ԵľҲѾ֮ززѾ֮ܳΪһսǵɱˡ
࣬ı죡
ߣԶ
ЩҪ߸ƣūǧյʿ˸û˿֡
飡
ƹĸ֮һʿľ׮׷׵£ո£ûκԵֵסƵĳ
ˣô죿
´ѶʿӵӣһƽͻȻסս̫ٱã
ըĻܿͻʧʿ͹¼ֲ̫á
ըĸʱֵ⣬ǳĸͷ캮ضݴ󺮳֮еĴƾ˵һѵıҲ˴Ϻӹһ١
ըڲʧȫɢ˿ֻ뼫ȿẮľء
ⲻӮʤҲû̫塣
صģүǱѾһж׵
̫ٱõһƽ
ⳡðյжҲѾǹΡ
ص״ûбüƻǲôġ
ը»ܼƬ̣⣬ͺķ󽫾ǱѾռķЩӦ֧ǵִݣܹⳡ纮ˡ
һ仰ѯʵĴ佫ǰһʱ¶Ⱦϲɫ
ܺõľͷ󣬲һȻı
ݺ֮Զȫ˳ִ
һɲ佫ʱ׹и
ʣڽУƳǽһ𣬾Ѿ뵽˰»ɽϳ׼ôܹĺ
ÿ¼ӣֻǵȻһЦ
Ϊߣ˳֮Уʤǧ֮⣬Ϊĵһʥôûпǵⷽ棿
ˣִŸѾǼˣѹûôܡ
壬˵ġǹ𣿡
ǰᵽб¶һ˿Цݡ
壬û˿ʣֻгϲοֹ֮سڣٴķգֺǡ


ڶǧʮ ʱ
ھͿ̫ʼ֮սˡ
ͷͷϷĮĮķѩ
̫ʼߣֱӾе߸ս̫ʼţһа취Ը
ɷŹѾ⣬ɳѩӥ׷鰲»ɽ䣬ܣ
ó
ǣ
˵ܿȥ
Ҳ·Ѿӹǳأ²ܶսʿһ·׷Ĵƾӣʱ˿̣߿Ũң͵ĵطӰ䣬էϼ֣ңңԡ
СӣҵĶ֣кãֻҪɱ㣬ɿ״ݻĴ
̫ʼĿɱ硣
ߣӾʦߵһѾˡ
棬ͦһ˫ѩĿ޷ڸǡ
̫ʼԣһĮ
˽ֵڣмＸ᲻֪Ҫֱ롣
˵棬ñȥ̫Ұɣ
̫ʼ
䣡
һ䣬̫ʼĹŶصʱղŹâܹҲѹȵ˰ٳ߿⡣
ۼ̫ʼҪ֣ȻһЦͻȻڣ
̫ʼõˣ

δ䣬ͻȻһֱֱֱָۣ񷣬ͬһʱ䣬һɰ磬ǰδеʱղΪģѸٷ˷
û̫ʼӦһ̣ͻ𡪡
̫ʼ𺧵ĿУһһɰʱ֮𵴣գ֮䣬ھɵĸ߿Уݻһһ
Ӧü򵥵ĳ֮Ϊܣ¥̨԰ˮأԼһΡġʹڿжȻ֣ڴˡ
ʲôǴƾʦ
̫ʼпߵĳͽֱߵĻɡ֬ꡢ¥͡ǧ󣬷֣ڴˡ
ôܣ
̫ʼʶ㣬ʱ䣬ǰһĻȻܵ˼𺳺ͳ
ԸоЩǧ󣬰ʦȫʱ֮۶ɣֹˣ棬ʱ֮öɣֱδδš
̫ʼ޷ŵǣݻʦǵĴڣǺԼʱһ𣬻Ȼ壬ͺ߿еġʦصһ֡
ǧ磬ڤڤУһͷԺ̫ʼ˵һֶ쾳۷ǿ
У쾳Щ׵ľţܹѶ쾳ľ磬ʱչıԴ籾Դʱ֮ݻ󣬴ǧ硣
̫ʼҲֻǸһЦ족ָĴǧغǧ磬̫ʼֶ쾳ǿ˵ҲԽ
ʱ֮ݻǧ磬ô˵ѳԽ쾳ֱ侳ﵽһԴȵĵزôܻͣڶ쾳
չֵȻûдﵽݻǧĵز仯ʦȴ˵Ĵǧ֮ͬ
Ŷͣô
ܣܣ
ֻһ˲̫ʼͻعŶ壬жȻ͸һɱ͡ʣ
̫ʮŴﵽ쾳۷壬ǰСӶʮ˳ɾͣʱգ±̫ҵвҪ󣬳Ϊ֯ĸ֮
ˣ
ʯ䣬̫ʼһȫѪҺڣȻȼգ̫ʼذ
ͬһʱ䣬̫ʼԺĹƺܵĳִ̼ͻȻգۼԭ֮һֹ۵̫ʼУΪһɫ޽
֮
ᣬǿ۷֮һһʩչܴʩߵ۳һ֮
ܶԶϵģԼǿɼ˺ֱӻٵ׼Ļߡ
Ψһǣһÿʱÿ̶ҪĴľѪ
̫ʼȼյ棬ȼĵľѪ
̫ʼŸոոҲǸոջģι̣ҲԸʩչԭ
䣡
âһ̫ʼһͬһɫʯһ㣬˲ʱ֮۵ʦС
ʵԽǿ̫ʼҲη塣
һ̣彫ԼľΪһ壬ͬʱԼʱ֮ʩչ˼ޡ
ʱ䣬ռ䣬еһжǹ̶ģռ䲢һģݣ¥ᣬر磬СѼĽӣеһж̺ſռĹˣϵǣһռ䡣
ʱûй̶״ģԳҲԾ壬壬޴ڡ
ʱձ
ʱձһУ
嵱ھʦķѩ֮ĵҲĸһ彫֮Ϊ
ʱ
˵ʱգ˵쾳ĺıʡ
ΪʲôĶ쾳˶Ȼ̫ͬʼﶼе𺳵ԭ
ˣ
嵥һУ˷޾ʱ۶γһһʱջܡ
ʦΧڣʱյĲٿҪ󳬹̫ʼ
̫ʼһʤɣ
Ŀкһһ̣һݣ֮ǰٶȳ̫ʼȥ

̫ʼĿɭе֮Ȼһӣ֮ʱ֮ڶʦ·ֽһ㣬׷飬¥̨ڽϵġȫ̫ʼһʿΪӰʧͺ̫ʼǰѽɫ޽ӵĳֿڶʦһж
飡
̫ʼĿڶʦе壬ͬŷһ׽ɫʱ֮Χʱ֮ȫų⣬Ȼһ˸ȥ
䣡
֮׻͵һͷն£̫ʼصһη壬ִֻսȭףŷܣ͵һȭ̫ʼ֮ȥ
ֻһ춯صľ죬ɰģʽȻͬʱ֮мҵײͻ
̫ʼ֮һչʾԼݿ࣬屬ʱֻ֮һ棬ǰ֮ʿȫֵסϵֻսҲܵһв
һֳ޷ֵһ̣̫ʼƤһҲ΢΢ɫ
֮ɵͱһˣ̫ʼ΢΢ݵǣȭͷһһʱջ飬صȻ޾һʿʱջܣԸٶ۳һµʱջܡ
ڶʦеһУǳ¥ǵ߶ġʦաֻҪһͬˮһ㣬ϣ۳һµʱջܡ
𶯵ǣֻܼȡǳرҪ̫ãǳҲᱻԼմȻ̫ʼľһȦٻڶʦȻ纣ɰٴһ㣬ڲͣĴ֮мȡֲԼ
ǳؾʲôĻ
ֳö쾳۷ǿ߶Ϊ֮𶯡


ڶǧʮ ޳֣
Ӳ
̫ʼɱĴ㣬ֵԽˣԽǼɱġ
ˣ
һ̣âһ̫ʼԺԭѾСĹᣬͻȻ֮ٴСһȦ̫ʼ֮УӿѪҲԽŨҡʺ졣
ն
̫ʼһȣӹгȡͬȫľѪҺ꣬ȫ䵽֮У˲֮ƽ⡣
һ˲ǰصʱջܣмնȥһУֱӾҪ롣
һ̣һ˺̫ʼ֮ľ룬ܹһֹˣһΣȻ˲ʧ̫ʼĸӦ֮С
䣡
ʧͬʱһĳ̫ʼеĴɽҵ׹⣬̫ʼĺֱ̹ȥ
Ϣȵ̫ʼֵʱѾ̫ʼ಻ĵط
䣡
䣬һϤ̫ʼԺѾСĹбŷεĵסһ
ձ󡱣̫ʼĹȻС࣬ӵżǿķͻơ
䣡
̫ʼķӦ죬ùᵲסһͬʱһӣǧİ׽ɫʱ֮Ծ˵ٶ˲䱬ϯȥͬʱ̫ʼ֮־һֱȥ
ʱ֮壬֮նɱ壬̫ʼǧϹ˵һзӦ޼䣬
ȻһնյģѾʧ
ôܣ
̫ʼɫ䣬˫ʱ֮ղ£һܴ̿ա
ٶȣȻҪһߡ
Ȼû̫ʼ룬һΣյĸоһ̫ʼ˽һæһնȥ
ȻٴγһʵߣӦ죬ѾС
䣡
󶥼Ķ쾳ǿ䣬任һɹɺƴϵн棬̫ʼҲ⡰ڶʦ֮бòʱʱ֡
ˣ
̫ʼзŭѣսһˡ
֮ӵʿʱպûиᣬʱյճ̶ȱ̫ʼҪ죬̫ʼһһȥ׽ɫʱ֮Ҳ𵴵˼£ȴ׽Σÿһڿմ
弸ÿһζһ벻ĵطϵĳ롣
սڣ˵һ֮⣬˾ûʵԵĽ棬ҲһЩ͹⻷𵴶ѡ
ʱҲͰˣڵ̫ʼȫȼվѪķʽʩչ֮ÿһ̵Ķ侪ˣȥ̫ʼǳ
Сӣֻ𣿡
̫ʼȵɫķ
һ࣬һδ̫ʼ𹥻̫ʼĹᵲ֮Ѹٳ롣
Сʣзʲô𣿡
һߺ̫ʼʱյάսһþ޹ͨ
̫ʼͨǿߣǲƾַʽһսʧЧͻֹͣȼѪҳһ飡
ݣı˼㡣
̫ʼʵ̫ǿˣڵսĿס̫ʼ뵽ս֪ԴҪɶˡ
壬𣿼Ȼ㲻һսҾֻ÷֮սʱȥԸЩˡȵЩϰʿ˱Ұʱ򣬻ͻԸһսˣ
Զƺ֪ʲôҲ֪ʲô̫ʼͻȻ
ͣѪڸ߿С׽ԲءǾܵģȻ岻ԸԼ֣ͱ֡
ˣһҪһʱ䣡ˣٺþײһΣ
ҲܵĴ͸һ˿
ã̫ʼһս
йâһٴ̫ʼǰ
ٺٺ٣ڿϳˣ
̫ʼ״֪ԼĲԼЧ¶һ˿Цݡ
䣡
û˿ԥ̫ʼֳ֮һƴԿٵ֮ƣпգնȥδ̫ʼľǵأɽͬһ㣬ͬϯȥ
̫ˣ̫ʼҪþ壬ʹ޷׵֮ǰһ
Ȼ̫ʼ͹壬һû׼ܡ
棡
ֻһȣľںޣ˲ʩչǿľ
ھάľۡݻ˲仯ΪƵĺ̫ÿһ̫財ܣ̺ǻֺ״ĳκΪ֮𺳡
䣡
һ̣ľЮźƴĺ棬ɽһ㣬ޱĺ̫ʼľصײһ
˵ΪҪֱأ⻹һν޵ޱĺ̫ʼӲӲ
ʲô
̫ʼ˼£徫ĺҲɴһ
԰ƵĳȺɽصײԼʶϣ̫ʼֶ쾳ǿߣҲɴһоǰδеش
̫ʼһһͣʶĶݻĺҲδģһʱ̫֮ʼҲ޷мܡ
쵰Ҫɱ㣡
̫ʼͷԾʹ˷·Ҫըһ㣬ܵǰδе˺̫ʼûʧȥ磬˾ֵͬʱ̫ʼе֮Ҳ֮Ƴֱ˹ȥ
䣡
ھʹĴ̼£̫ʼ֮Ҳ˱ǿǰۼĲʱջܱ̫ʼʹһ˲ǿµһֱնֵֻս׵ȭס
ֻս׼Ӳ̶ѾԶԶսףﵽ˽յٱ֮Ҳʶֻս޷׵ֵ̫ʼһ
ֵͣȭһİ׺ۣ̫ʼ֮ȻֱӾֻսгһ˺ۡ
һ̣һɫĹ⻷֣һΣʧڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣ̫ʼһ

Хĺ֮ӿ̫ʼ֮ʱٴ˾롣
ˣҵˣ
ȫעԴʱͻȻ֮䣬޾ϲԺ
ҷˣ
޵δ䣬ԼҰл塣
һ̣еȻһ䣬ֳһ
Ұ׵У̫ʼ¸ȻһϸСİ׵㡣
Ǹ׵ֻнӴСۡ
еʱ̫ˣûгںϣͳ⴦ս˽֡
˷ܣڲΪľģ֪ģʹľʿ֮Щ츳嶼޷
ܴ֪Լصؽ⴦ͷ¸һ˷ǳķոպ˽֣¶Ǳҷˣ
СʣҹȻûпһԵģ
ҲһƬϲãôһת


ڶǧʮ ̫ʼ
лЩǣ̫ʼ̫ǿˣӸոսֵ㼯Լֶ֮ú棬ûκεҴ޹۲쵽̫ʼȻС
ôСʲô嶼֪
ˣûдСֵ֮ģֻҪһԸ˵̫СǶһ˵ھһ޴Ѿ㹻ˣ
ƺ֪ʲô޼
Ҫʲô
ܿ侲
ʱҲֻˡ
ˣٺһΣֻҪӴһΣҾܳƽ壬֮齻ҾͿˣ㲻ܻҲһԸŵΪᡣ
ŵ
Ϊеġ
⻰˵һһޣһһأȫͨʵҲֻһɲǵ¶ѡ
Ҳʱһһ޶̫ʼŭ
㻹ǲҺͱһһĽ֣ȻˣҲ㣬ɱ˵ЩϰĲӣ֣
̫ʼŭޱȣһϣܹ壬ȴɹˣҪǣӸոյڣ̫ʼľѪķǳ֮Ѿٳʱ̬֮սˡ
飡
̫ʼͷҲأҪգϴɱ¾һͨ
̫ʼѾˣľڴ½ΪҸо𣿡
Ϊһ𣿡
ͻȻЦ
ʲô
Ļ̫ʼͫһзŭޱȡ
徹Ȼ˵Ҫܣ
̫ʼ߰ôܵ衣
Ȼһ࣬ûж˵Ͷ̫ʼ˽

պһɰĽڱŷֱһȻֱӻΪһǧɳľͬʱ̺ǿҵʱղԾ˵Ƴ̫ʼնȥ

Ȼ̫ʼ״Ȼŭͬʱڱƿնȥ
䣡
ཻĽ˲飬ͬʱҲ̫ʼһлɳȥ
Դ󣬲
̫ʼ
ӴľѪйǿڣҲ

һ̣߿У̫ʼȻһ
ʲô
̫ʼŭԴӽ⻹̫ʼϵһ¶ֻҵ
䣡
̫ʼϵҵıըֻһ˲䣬ԭ죬ǿޱȵ̫ʼϵϢȻĲҡ
ҳȥ
̫ʼҧгݣŭѣŭȴ塣
Ŀңûж壬ǿԼ¸Ÿ߰ӴʱҲ¶һ˿԰ף֮ǰĲһ
쵰̫ʼ־ŭûȻһֻڣһµ־֮ǰǷٶ⼤ŭΪͷڡ
һα尵ˡ
޳ܵ࣡ɵĶΪܶԸɱͷٸɵ㣡
̫ʼ׶Ť
ΪѾ׵ؼŭ̫ʼ˲ϧһдۣ»ٵǿġµеѪȫչ⣬ҲҪɵͷ
Ǻǣ
ϣԺŭ¶һ˿Ц⣺
̫ʼǵ֮ǰ˵Ļ˵㳹֮ʱȻ˵һ
ԱֶΰʥʣʥҲͬ˶ԸǵֶΡ㲻Ϊ֮ǰĻȫƭİɣ
̫ʼڴƻ岢ûнǰһȻΪʱԽ̫ʼɵƻԽһ棬̫ʼǰ״̬ڲ׽һԼȴѾõĻᡣ
һ̫ʼĻᣡ
ʲô
̫ʼԭȫѹڵҴܵޣͻȻ֮ⷬʱһĲһ˿䲻ĸо
źݻ˭ᣬ˵ȴ䲻֮ǰȻͬ
һ̣̫ʼƤ̲ס¡
̫ң
κʱⶼһԸἰ֣۷ʱڣ̫ʼ׿ƾʦıԵ
Ǹڵĵط̫Σˣ
һȫ֯ϵĴڣ족κβ
̫ʼֱ̫ǿߣǰҲǾԵߣ
̫̫ǿˡ
ʮǰ취ֹѾΪ˵ڶ족ǾԲġ
̫ʼɵģĻǻۣµ󣬶ҷ
̫ҶѾôˣѵʲôֶ
һΣ̫ʼҪ˵صĸо
ߣˣ
Ŀ棬ֻһۣ̫ʼҪܡ
䣡
ʱʳжָһ죬˷ʱ֮仯ʱ֮仯ɵġڶʦѸ̮ṹ仯ɱֽһƽṹգ֮䣬һӴʱΧ̫ʼȫ档
ʱ
쾳ʱһ̫ʼǿʱ󲢲̫ܽãҲǼѣ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
Сʣס
ĿѩȻһһɲǣԺ֮зֳһѸٹͨڵһżžܾãûжùǿ
ʥ֮ǰڵһ
䣡
һ̣غ̫ʼȾֵĿУһϤϢɽХڱ
̫ң
ǵһۣ̫ʼͱǹϢ
û˵ѣ̫
һɲ̫ʼ׶־Ťˣ
ӣ
ӣ
Ͻ뿪˵أʱ˿̵̫ʼֻʣͷڵսԼ족ġƻȫ֮ԺһʲôȲԼ
̫̫ΣҲ̫ˣ
ƵĵطȻ
ˣ
̫ʼһΣþƽеԶȥ̫ʼǵ͹ơ
ʥֻһҲֻһλᣬȴôòŵȵλᣬôܣ
̫ʼ
ȣƺƵʮ
һɲ岻ֹʥԼڵǽԼȫҲע֮С
һʥʺȫ
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ض·˺ˣĺˣһ̣𺳵ĿУһʯľ콣Ũصҹɫһ̫֮ҪĺͻȻŷ
ֻһתʱ䣬ǵâٱɺת𣬱仯ΪһֺꡢʥׯޱȵĽɫһ֮ϣκθܵһ˶һԨĸо
Ͽãã޾סĹһֵɲǱ׵˺ѣеĺⶼɢһա


ڶǧʮ һ
ֻˣǧ֮ڣɽӴȻݶ𶯣ƺں͸߿ǵ˼ĽɫңӦ
ǡµĽ
棬У̫ٱȥͻȻ߿һһסս
ʥʾһʥʵϢϤˡ
£
һɲõɫѡ
̫ңⲻܡ
޾ҹУ̫ʼطһ˺ѷεĴУ̿
֮
̫ǿҲµһ
һ֮⣬˿мܣ̫ʼҲһֵסǶ쾳ǿ߿Եֵ˵ġ
һǰ̫ʼҲһ΢
һɲǣ̫ʼ̿ˣҲˡ
ⲻ֮
ܿ죬̫ʼͲһЩͬ
̫ʩչһܴ֮ңݴضӦһԶûôֺƴֻ̫ҡ֮һǡ֮ȴԶûô⡣
ڽУ̫ʼоϢ
̫ʼɣ
ɱݵؼ죬ޱȡ
̫ʼĸ֪ûдʥȷʵû¡֮
֮ʣʥҲΪֶΣܹ֮ɹܵġ
Ȼʥʿ¶뵽徹Ȼɱ̫ʼ
ֻˣͨԼеһ˿΢΢ġ֮Ľ⣬ƾԼ˵츳ԣԼ쾳ǿʵӲļʥʵġ֮ǿ
һԶ޷ʥʵȣҲЩ⣬Ը̫ʼѾ㹻ˡ
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬նʿһɲأһƬš
ϣ˵Ŀ׷գ˶ֺ貵һ
ž
ޱȼž
ֻһɲǣַ·ͣһƬžâһζȻҹС
ˣ
峤һΪһ죬ãȴôʱ䣬ڳɹ̫ʼ
ʱüͷһ͵Ťͷ಻ԶգƺӦĸӦ
ȿȣ
һϸ΢ĿдĿУһǱӰģе
̫ʼ
ֻƳһۣĿһ䡣
ȫһ̫ʼȻû
̫ʼ׹ӵĽɫףƬ֪ȥˣһ߶쾳ҲѪ߰ߣ˺ۣ˼ء
˵ϢҲһƬңȫ֮ǰǿ
ǿֲһУ̫ʼƾǿĶ쾳ʵԼǲ֪ɫף̫ʼվ
СӣΪӮ𣿡
У̫ʼ壬Ŀ͸ޣ
Ҫж٣ͬҲõ֮սŸոտʼһˣһΣ㲻ôõĻˣ
ܱˣĶˣ̫ʼš
ʦܻͬҲֻܻǻˡ
̫СҲ̫С֯ˡ
ߣ𣿡
ԣЦһţ׷̫ʼֹܵжûС
˵𣿡
һһöɫĽ
䣡
öϤĺɫ̫ʼͫ͵һػ㣬ѡ
ܣô
һɲ̫ʼжʱ˻ңϵѪɫʵøɸɾҪͣˡ
֮ǰ̫ʼ̩Ȼ˿¶ֵԭ򣬾Ϊöʱշ
ֻҪöʱշ飬ٶɹܶ档
ʱٹϼ£ٴĳǰ
ڡ
öԼΪһ壬ôܵС
٣ġ
ʱһͻȻ̫ʼڵͻȻˡ
ϵдһУҽں󣬵һ¾Ǹĸ֪öҪȻΪᵽڻô𣿡
һ䣬һ̣̫ʼ¸λãһɰӿţˮϯʼ̫ʼĿȨ

޵Ĺ£̫ʼŤиǷһʹ
֮ǰܵ޹ȫаսѹ幥һ˵Ĳ壬ľҲͬ⵽شȫ֮ǰǿ
ռǣȱҲȱ㣬˺ᴫ
ң
һ̵̫ʼŭޱȡ
Ϊ߸ϵƿȨʥڣȻһͷ̫ʼ˵һֳ衣
̫ʼ㻹û´ˣ˵һսӲˡ
嵭һ˵ţһ߻̤ǰȥ
䣡
˵ʱһľٴݻ棬غ̫ʼԺ
޵ǰл£̫ʼҲֲס
ֻ̫ʼŤţֳһףһ̣һɺ̺Ӵ겨̫ʼƿն
޵£̫ʼڳɥʧĿȨϳ塣
䣡
ڱɲǣ̫ʼź羪֮񣬳Զֻȥ
Ȼһ̣𶯣һεʱձ͵ذεض赲̫ʼȥ·ǵڶ
̫ʼֵزˣѵΪ㻹лܣ
Ц
˵ʱϢΧһһʱ֮ո¾ͻ֣ᷢΪģһһɫʱ֮Թ㽫
峤Щɫʱ֮ӳ£ֱͬo˾ηѡ
ı󶯣̫ʼΪڻѣֱ룡
һ̫࣬ʼۼ·ӣҲһľģԹ޺ŭ
ϣλȻӲˣҲùɣ
̫ʼԹ쳹գһ䣬䣬ը̫ʼһŹâȻŷ
ᣡ
ֻǿһۣʱɫ΢䡣
̫ʼܣȻǼһֱԺĹҲһߡ
ƺеĳֽƣʱ˿̣ԭâֱֻԭ֮һĹᣬͻȻŹֱ͵ԭĳ̶ȣҹŷһʺ졣
Σգ
һݣܵȥҲû뵽̫ʼȻֶΡǿȣһԱǹԶԼɼв
Сӣһɣ
̫ʼ쳹¶ɲǣ̫ʼżըĹᣬ۵糸ֱ˶ȥ
ϣõǿΣ
ͼɱ³
䣡
һɲ̫ʼмȷֿ⡣
ˣҰɣ
̫ʼ֮ʣһ̫ʼһݣûӦͻȻ֮䣬䣬ֻƴһץס̫ʼöᡣ

ֻƴ̫ʼһϣ궼Ҫͣˡ


ڶǧʮ ӵİ»ɽ
Ҳ֪ʲô񣬵û˿һǰԱû˿˺޵ˡ
̫ʼ󣬸ոռ̫ʼޣ˫ŷסˣһɺɫĹâˮ͸ֱۣû̫ʼС
ɫĹâɢһӴ̫ʼǵᶨգɫĹâ˿˿̫ʼ꣬ȫԱ
ǵԭâԽԽ貣ҲԽԽʺ죬ʱҪըһ̣·ɫ㣬ɫԽԽҹᱬĹâҲԽԽ
Զ忴һĻ¶һ˿Цݡ
Ϊ쾳۷ǿڣ̫ʼԭûô׶Ը̫ʼġһѾԶ֮ǰǿִľֱǧٿף
̫ʼҪԱȴǶԸõĿǡ
̫ʼúʱɡ
Сʣ̫ʼ͸ˣֲ֮ǰģһ׳꣬Ҳܸõƿ
嵭һ仰ȴǶ̫ʼ˵ġ
лˣ
Դϲӿ̫ʼա
̫ʼڣ꣬ոһʵҲͬܵˣ̫ʼÿ޲Լ

ΪʲôҲģ
ܵڲ˥ߡţϱʳȥ̫ʼɷһ˻
ȻβʣҲ޷ıˣʧȥֱǿƣʱշûˣڵ̫ʼѾʧȥʱֻǴ׵ĸѡ
䣡
һɲһ˿˿Ĳҹɫгױը漴̫ʼǰؼ䳹ʧˡ
壬һḶ۵ģ첻Źģ
У̫ʼ󷢳ĺ
죿
գ̫ʼľһ˿ͫ΢бһĨĨɱ
һ죬һὫһɱؼĻ֮Դ
̫ʼΪǶԼвʵ˵첻ԼҲġ
̫ʼֻǿܣĻס
ЩͷԺзӶܿƽʱ޵
ˣ̫ʼµĶӦ
δ䣬һϸƣԿ𲻳ĵĳȺɫԲ̣ͷԲ̹塣
ԲϵѾ廹һ۱˳̫ʼʹõǼ
ûǿķƾ̫ʼʵδܸԼô鷳
ĬƬ̣ܿнӹĿǰΪֹǿҴ̫ʼʩչǹ᱾ķ̬仯֮ԼԺԸ֯кܴİ
ͣɲǣһɹԵӳȺɫԲбŷ
Ȼǿ󣡡
˵࣬Ժһͷ
Ϊ̫ʼļιʹãһˣֻҪͻֳԭǿ
ֻʣ»ɽˣ
а
̫ʼ»ɽţһ·ߣֻɱµĻսĽ

ХӸ£ʶƳһ۵档
ⳡսеڣʵѶĿ֮սʿ˵ˣżЩڷҲɲѾò̫ˡ
ĿӹϽǣȴ΢΢һ¡
սϣһ֧ڷɱ
ҷӣ
Ժһͷ˳
ⳡըȻٵ˴ҷӣǧȻѾû֮ǰôвǱսȻǿټϲ֮ڶྫϣʱڻǡ
ˣҵʱ䣬ǣ̫ʼܿЩҷӵĶ
޺ľһͨҲע⵽˵ϵЩҷӡ
ܿƣ
һܿ췴Ӧҷӱ̫ʼƣռ壬ԭ̫ʼĺܶණȻҲޣоͰҷӣ˵⵹Ǹ֮ϲ
ţˣ
˵ͷ
޵ĽȱĻҪ죬һƺƽʲôںܿŷһľϸ˿ؿռ䣬û뵽˵档
ֻƬ̣Ϳԭޱȣ伬ֵҷͻȻһ٣񲻶
⡪
ϣҵԭͲǧҷƴɱͻȻ֮䣬ҷȫסкü˳ûЩҷӵͷ­Ҳ˿仯ҵɴסˡ
ү
Ȼ׷ʲôǱܵģҵ뵽壬һģҲֻˡ
ҲʱҵϤ
̫ʼս
սϿ
ټĳǳڣһƬž漴дһ춯صĻ
ѾǸǿˣⳡսĳ䶨ûκα
ڳǳڣһЩʿֿ죬׻˲ɥʧս
ľѾˣʵǿ̫ʼˣⳡսѾûκһʤϣ
Ը
飬һǹ׷׹أǳһǵĵֿҲȫʧˡ

ͬʱâһһͦεӰڳǳص

ռ̫ʼΧһ󾪺ֻҵһƽֹˡ
ţүߵˣ
ҵһݣܿӭȥ
ܶ˶֪޵Ĵڣ³ǣҵȴ֪ġ
Сʣүأ
ҵһĶˣ޵
Ѿȥ׷»ɽˣ
Լࡣ


Хʱ˿̣ݼԶĴرͻʵĴԭϣһ΢ֵӰɫֻ̣ٱӣ̻ɥ֮Ȯ

ΪʲôΪʲôһ䣿
Χ»ɽȴܵĺҪҡ
ǰһ̣ʤϲã׼ӭԼļʽһ̣ɢͳһܵĹ¼ҹˡ
»ɽڶûף˴еһж̫ͻȻˣ
壬ֻҵĺ£ҾŹģһ죬һʩϵĶͨͨ㣡
»ɽҧгݣзߺ޲ѡ
壡
־ͺеĿһ㣬ʲôֻҪ֣ȫҪꪳɳܴɡ
¡
ȻûȰ»ɽ룬ͻȻһ춯صľ
»ɽһȻףֻУһֺʥ֪ж೤Ľɫһʿգɢˡ
һɲǣ»ɽ˶ˡ
»ɽ֪һӺζһԿ϶̫ʼĽ
̫ʼýҲϢ
壡
һͷӹԺ»ɽʱ־ŭ


ڶǧʮ »ɽĶף
һ
Ȼǿˣ
˵һֱأ
һ»ɽͻȻַǳĸо
ȻһлԶûнֻƬ̡
꣡
ͻȻ֮䣬һϴ»ɽͷһƳʱɫ
ֻϵĺɫǵѲ֪ΪʲôͻȻ飬Ƭȥ
ɫǵ̫ʼԵ޹ʱը̫ʼ
һ»ɽѡ
δ徹Ȼܹɱ̫ʼ
ӣ
Ͻ뿪
»ɽ羪֮Ժֻʣͷ
һ̣ĺˡ
̫ʼоǰδеĿ־塣
䣡
»ɽȼƴȫȥ
»ɽԭһ̫ʼǱ߻ɱ壬ܹʱȥʰ棬ڣľ»ɽҲˡ
ɽ
ʱ򣬰»ɽԺмǱܵ뵽һط
ĵطҲֵ
ɽͻս֮ɽֵ˼ǡս֮ӡ
ǰ»ɽ֮ԱǣԲţǼȻ־ˣ֮ӣôս֮ӣ
ڤڤУɽԼĸס
һս֮ǰ͵͵ʱͣ˵Լһɹ
»ɽһҪҵʣΪʲôʧܣֻߣʵĽʷеЩһҪȴ´λᣬȵܳɹ
ֹˣ»ɽǸδıĸס
̫ʼԳ飬˼£ӵһֶΣǷҲζţ˵еͻսʵʵڵģ
Լܹҵ˵лᣬ
뵽»ɽҧȥ
»ɽߵ𣿡
˵ʱʱ죬ڰ»ɽڱԭϷܵʱͻȻ֮䣬һò˿УӺԶԶ
ԭڷӴܵİ»ɽʱһڵء
壡
һɲ»ɽֵ̿˼㣡
ôô죿
Լһ·ܣѾСģȫϢΪʲôôҵԼ
ŨҵϢ»ɽ۾Ǿ֣ʽļ񱼡
岻ܿ
һڹթй¶вء
ԣһ
һ֪Լ
뵽»ɽźӴܡ
Ȼ»ɽſӳɣһ̣ǰһѩǣ͹ɽϣվŵһӰ»ɽĺʱһϣȻֹͺ˵Ѩһһ
壡
ĮĮķѩУ帺ֶƺ˺ܾˡ
һ»ɽһ
ˣ
ʱ͹ɽϣƺҲоʲôͻȻһ˫Ű»ɽ޺ɱ⡣
Ϊһ̣Ѿȴ̫ʱˡ
һΪһ׼
һУΪվǰ
㻹Ҫ𣿡
ĿӸ£Ű»ɽ
͸˶İأ»ɽܣӵĺǣҲһҵ
壡
»ɽսսֻо˫Ŀǰˡ
ս
ſ֣
ǿҵ

һ㣬ȫڰ»ɽԺһ˲䣬֪ԼѾˡ
Ҳһ̣ǰƽȴ꣬»ɽһη֣ôõʱ䣬Ȼ񵱳һ뾩¥ʱһ˵ĺ¡
ĳ̶ֳϣҪ˱ث
ȻһΪ߲־Ķ
ž
ޱȵļž
տޱȵĴԭϣңңԣʱ䶼·𰲾
Ļ棡
Լͬһָоһμˡ
ţ֮Х
ôƬ̵ʱ䣬˻࿴ţ˭Ҳû˵
飡
ͻȻ֮䣬»ɽϥһȻڱѩϣɫҰܣ·ɸ
үҴˣѾװˣܶԴκвдĹҰɣ
»ɽλһҪδ֮ˣȻǰģ
ͻһĻ嶼ûϵ
Ȼֻһ˲ͷӦЦһ
ǰҲôƭث𣿡
أģģģֺͣã
һף»ɽѾ֪ǰʩչˡ
жϥǧ
Ա˻ˣ԰»ɽǼҳ㷹㲻ʲôˡ
»ɽһ׶ԸֻŪɳ׾ѡ
棬Ļ»ɽһɫʱԽĲ԰ˡ
»ɽ޴⣬ҵĴѾˣ̫ʼҲӴԺѾûΪԭңһս֮û⣬ήƣĺ֮ڣѾûκвơ
Ѿû췴ʱǸ߸ϵͷһ·Ը־ģӴԺ󣬾̤ް벽
»ɽл֣̿æֱ
ϢӰΣ»ɽ̽һµͷң̫ʼôǿ󶼱նɱˣȥĻ֧ŵ˼С
û˵ֻǶһ˫ĿƺҪ͸
ǰ̻ɥ֮Ȯİ»ɽӸ£Ц˵Żɽ󻼣Ϊһ𣿿ڵӣѹһӶϲ̨档
ϱӾȻһ˽ݴءƽԨͻȻЩʧ
㲻ܣǺƴһսҷ߿㼸֡
Ŀгųֱֱش̽˰»ɽͫ׺
һ̣»ɽ֪ôģ嶼Ź
»ɽ˲ŭ͵ս˫ȭǼޡ
ȻΪʲôһ㶼⣡
»ɽԭ˫ϥڵϣһģһ̣ȴͻȻվŶŭЦ
۹⣬ثˣˣеĴȨҲȫˣΪǺˣ͸õһȣǵıϢ𣿡
һ̵İ»ɽҧгݣ״񣬿һĻʱüͷ
»ɽϲ⣬ͼı췴ޱɱ綼ս֮УнգǾȡ˺ʲôϵ

ޱɱ
»ɽŭЦĿǼһвǱƵΪˣһʼݻٴ𣿡
뵱ڰݵؽ磬Ҳҿ˾۵ӢۣҲĽƵķˣ޵
˵ﻪ챦ĺģƺɰٴǺˣˣˣ߾ˡȫܳΪƵһͬʣ
ƵĻʵɺΰľ
ҼõĴ⻪ˮ˿񣬶׾顷ӡΪҿ˼ԣΣҶҪΪһˣҪȥػ۹
Ϊκ˴򶷣ͬݵżЦ˵˾Ӧڴԭֻһˡ
ǺˣȴκһˣҪȰƣ
ȴõʲô
Ǻ²һٶٶԵ޹ʵĴɱһȡ
˵һ䣬»ɽ˫Ŀͨ죬ĶŶ壬˻
һɲǵİ»ɽ·˺ĳڸѾõαװ¶ǸԼеķŭеĲЩĵףûжκἰĶȫй


ڶǧʮ ֮
ХӡнȻͬİ»ɽ¶ģһҪȥңһ̣Ҳܵһ𺳡
»ɽĽƣ
»ɽȰƣҪΪˣ
ôܣ
һҪݻݣ߸ƣһߣޱߺƽ٣ʹ½ѪɺӣͿ̿ףȻȰƣҪΪһˡ
˵ĶģĿһЦ
ǿǰǸ˫Ŀͨ죬·ŭһİ»ɽͻȻ˵
֮Ҳƣ֮Ҳʱ򣬰»ɽ֪ûбҪ
һָо»ɽ˵ȫġ
ԭһƬžֻ޾ĺؼš

»ɽĴЦؼ䴫ԶԶ
ث˵ұѵҡ꣬ǰĴ󶼻ǴƵĸӢۣҴɽ뿪ȥҲЧµġαءľ£ΪثЧΪ²
Ȼҵִʱȴҵʲôĥ裬ҰثӢۣȴҵ׽ūңÿղͣļĥЦ
Ȼһ˿ϣҲϧȥץԼˣΪֻҪث֤ȷʵƣ˾ͻңǡջʲô
»ɽЦ
ثҵϣңδı棬Թ޳𣬵ΪǺˣ˴¥׷ɱңһһεҡ
ثˣҲˣǿкųǧһ۵ʥҲˣƺųƺһ壬͢жٺ˴󽫣ٺࣿ
СĽǸƣǸɰٴ˴ĴֻһԣͲڡ
ȻҵòҪǸƣǾͰ״ݻ٣ٽһݲĴơ
»ɽЦţ״
忴ǰİ»ɽ¶һ˿ɫ
»ɽⷬȷʵԤϣɹˣ֪Ҫ϶ˣΪνġơ߶Ը룬ķģȥʵԼġ롱绹֪Ҫˡ
һǿݡ»ɽѾȫˡķ룬ʬɽѪĻҡ
֮Ĺˮ족˵ľǰ»ɽˣ
»ɽ
ͻȻˣɫĮû˿
˵ҪһµġơһɰٴơҹΪ˵ģƾʲôΪ
ƾʲô
»ɽһ漴Ц
ƾñǸãҳͻʣҵݾǬǺˣǬǺˣǺˣǺˣԿǺˡµĺȴƵĺҪ࣬µıҲдˣҶ缺˭һ
𣿻ǿеʥʣνǧһۣ
»ɽŶ壬Ц
һܣҲܵñ˹ʡ
һ壬˭ñã
壬νҲǸ˼֮ˣɹǸ۹ʲô
磬أ˭ܱȵù
ҡҡͷŰ»ɽӣֻǼ򵥵˵һ仰
ڡǬӡáǬ͸أ
ˣ
һӹ»ɽеĵ⡢Ը˲䶳ᣬ»ɽֱͷһ£ȴһ仰Ҳ˵
νĸһ·Ź֮ʱ̣ȫһûдϣһˣӦöҲûκӰɣ
ЦٿԺͱ⣬ʵǰôĲ԰
һΣѹͷ£ֻԼˣƵĶ뽨һġơݲк޲һͬʣʵͳͳֻһڣ˽һӡ
쵰
ƺĵ׵ܣ»ɽɫ˲࣬ŭͺ
һ̣»ɽ͵һȥ
˵˵ⲻģ
ɽ׸ģƣƭˣƭùԼ𣿰»ɽѾһ˵ʲôûˣɣ
һΣ˰»ɽĹͬʱһ죬ԯƿնңָ»ɽ
֮ӣδ֮Ҿ壬֮սʹֹͣ
»ɽҧгݣ˻
䣡
ĺƿնΪһצĺ͵غȥ»ɽһݣڿն𣬳ȥ
޴
һ̹ǣޣӷд
һ̣䣬һֺɣޱȣȻӰ»ɽǰããķѩͬ޾գ·ˮ˰㱻һʿޱȡ
Žķֻ峤գͬ㣬ƺվ
»ɽҪǰܣֱ롣
䣡
֪ʲôʱȰǰ壬»ɽһһ˿ηɫ룬һۣ̻̳һȥ
ȥ
ٴδӿдδ䣬һ˵ȭǵأɽӰ»ɽܵķ

»ɽһһۣæһȥ
һΣܰ»ɽĸܣ嶼ǰš
һʱ֮䣬֮ⷽط·һΣһֻ»ɽΡ
ð»ɽвɲһ˿
䣡
ڣֻһ춯صľ죬彣ŷǺӰȻһ»ɽкݺ䡣
һ»ɽ׹أڵҳһ޴ĿӶѩͼ߸߷ɢضҵĲ

»ɽͷһԣ͵شӵվͷɢޱȣ
ҲҰ»ɽ֮ӣΪʲôһͨˣ
һôľӪȻ˻һҲ
»ɽѩϣŭ
¡¡
û˿ףƺӦ»ɽͻȻ֮䣬Хڰ»ɽϿգƻ۶Ƶߴִޱȣͬ޸㣬һһµ䣬ն·˺ˡ
޾ĸ߿һ޴ٴγΣ־ٴν١
ֻһΣƺΪ»ɽΣգоۼ־֮κһζҪӴֲöࡣ
»ɽգǰģص͵۾¶ϲɫ
忴粻Ը
»ɽͻȻЦĿϷӹ»ɽľܿͼее־
ң뿪
»ɽܸоóһε־ͬСɣѾԸ쾳ǿɾ޴в


ڶǧʮ ;ĩ·
䣡
ƺ˰»ɽĻ־Ҳмٴǣգ֮䣬һ޴׵磬罭һ㣬Ȼ
ǵ׵µɲǣ绯ΪһƬ硣
ԣ
»ɽҧгݣ˷
һɽҲһܲס
»ɽҪˣҲκλᣡ
ͻȻĮĮѩĿ׹д
һ̣ڰ»ɽ𺳵ĿУգɫĮ̧ͷǵ־ľ޴׵硣
꣡
ƺĺУֻǵִ׵ϸȥ׵֮ѣȻһ·ֳһһִڵʱѷ졣
ЩΣյʱѷĿ֮Ҳ׷飬Ƕ쾳ǿߣҲͬܵΣա
Ȼ˳Ծ鷢ˡ
µǵһ·䣬ھͷʮɵʱͻȻʧͷ·һεϣµͱѩûκ̶
һоǻþһ
ܣ
»ɽŵ۾׶Ť
־ġʶϵĴڣԶԶԽκ˵ĴڣһֱӸ棬˿ԶԿ硣
ûʲôܣ
ɫһһ»ɽ˹
˵Ҫɱ㣬˭ҲȲ㣬ν־Ҳһ
̫ʼǳΪ֮ӣʵֻ˵ūǣľѡҵĴڣˣҲ޷ƿصġ
»ɽһʼǾͲһεĴڣһУֻǴ
ӭ˰ɣ
ϣ
δ䣬һԯʥʣٴ׹˸һҫۡĺ⡣
»ɽϵײǷƷͨ˲ҲֻԯʥǶԸ
һҪлĻˣԯʥɱõķʽ
Ҳ
־ɱɱ
»ɽѪ۾һߺˣһָŶŭХ
¡
У־ƺҲġŭҵ׹ٴӿ֮ǰʱҪҡ
꣡
ֻһ˲𶯣׹ʺϳһ޴嫵׵磬տ£ϰС塣
Ȼ˳Ծٴηˡ
һΣֱ˾弸ʮĵطͺ޷׼һ
쵰
쵰쵰
ʲô־ʲô֮ӣûõĶûõĶ

»ɽѪ۾ͷ·ܵʲôݼһ̲סЪ˹ŭ
ֻһΣŭĶ壬վ޴У˵нٵġ־
̫ʼһθǡ֮ӡٻ־ʱȷʵǳ
ʲôأ
Ϊʲôһ඼
꣡
ʮķΧ»ɽķ־Ľһ仯ǿ󡢿ֲܼ׵ӿг䣬ֲʱѱ䣬ǧڵʱѷ֮УΪһƬΣյĵش
Ϊֹ壬°»ɽ־ƺҲȥˣƿʼ󣬽ٵ־ҲԽԽǿҡ
ĳ̶ֳȣöԶ쾳ǿ߶ΪΣա
Ȼ̤գҵ׵УȴɫݣͥŲһ
ɱ̫ʼ˴㣬ͼ˸һ
ִ֮
ϸȥͻᷢΧһ㵭ɫ޷ϰΧϷΧʮɣЩ޷ķΧ
ִ١֮
ʼġߡԼġƿߡͬʱҪϵرֵԼԡ־ų͹
һϵСɵ񡱣ıһһιؼ¼֮ġִ١˱ʵı仯յԱ֮
ǡִ֮
Ϊִ١ѳƿصķ룬ֻҪ籾Ĺڣȫ޷κ˺
ִ֮ΧγһִϡΨһĴ۾Ҫľ޶㡣
ڵ˵һȫ⡣
»ɽɣ
ɫᣬӹһĨŨҵɱ
Ͱ»ɽӵĶԹҲó˽ˡ
ϣ
쳹գֻһգۣ˲ʧԭأҲʧĮĮѩ֮С

»ɽͫһҪͣˣһ̣ܵΣֱŨҵԸӡ
飡
ϸ룬»ɽɫֻ̣һڵƽδйٶȣȻѸűȥ
һ̣»ɽˡ
ǵģ

֮ǰģǲֻллᶫɽ𣬱ʩӸһС
ߣ𣿡
մ亮ݹǣ˵ѪҺΪ֮ᡣ

ڰ»ɽŭֵĴУ˽һȻһݺɳĻֺ꽣Ȼһնգʿѩ֮ƣݺնѾ֮ϵİ»ɽϡ
¡
𶯣ԶԶȥ»ɽ֮󣬾һľ׮㣬ֱĴӿ׹䣬ݺڵϡ
޴ĳȻԭϣ֮ڣӲĺ׷ѣĻѩͱ֮ߡ
飡
Ȼֻգۣâһ»ɽٴڿն𣬻Ϊһ۵磬̻ɥ֮Ȯٴγȥ
Ҫӣ
ôһлᣡ
Ϳԣ
ѩǣﺮԿԵļããһƬݷ½ػǱ뺣嶼Ѱõ
ҲҪҲҪ壬ҲŹģ
»ɽȫţзŭ
ͷ»ɽǱ
ڵȼգĺ֮пɽХХ
ڶ쾳£»ɽʱٶѾǷ켫ƾ־֮ļӳ֣ҪӰħֻǰȻһͷкײޡ
쾳ǿʱգһϵٶȣ˵Ѿʧȥ塣
ܰ»ɽӵö죬ܾ˶ҲȻӲơ
ˣ
һ̣ڰ»ɽĿУǰһɫĹ⻷޵УããѩͻȻ֣ˮ㼱ţâһһӰޱȣʱ֮˳
»ɽΪӳԶ
Ŀ»ɽĿ͸һ
岢ɱôɱ̫ˣݵˣҲҪ־Լ޴ӵζ
;ĩ·


ڶǧʮ vs

壬»ɽ̲ס˻һ͵һ֡
¡¡ĺ̺ŻԵ˰Ӱ»ɽ籡ȥ
Ǻۣʵʣлһĺ»ɽһ㾡ȫѾԽ΢۷壬޽ӽ
ǰ»ɽ˺Ĺ
ȻսʧܣɽЩǰ϶ʵǰ»ɽĺڣΪսʧܵԭ򣬺Խǿ
̶
ʶԭ֮·Խ췴ʧܵʱ򣬷֮Խǿ
𣡡
һֻдǾ޴ĺ壬ĳޣѾֻǰ»ɽ־ˣݺķŭ
Ǳ죬죡
ÿһǱϣ̥ǣΪ֮·ȴΪӲزˡ
¡¡
»ɽһ춯أӴǵأɽκ˶Ϊ֮ݡ
ߣҲǻһ
崣գӭɽͰ޴ĺ
ʵѲ׽Ĵڡ
䣡
գ֮䣬û˿ԥһӴκ߶Ϊ֮ȻʧɫĿֲХͬɽ㣬ŰеĺԼ»ɽȥ
棡
˲ʩչžսѧǰľ˲仯Ϊ԰Ƶľ޴ǣײ˰»ɽԼϡ
ֹˣֵͬʱƺܵ˵ֻ屾־ãڣһһ޴Ȼź˶ȥ
޿һţһ͵ҧ˺Ĳ

һĻͻȻܴʱһʹĲҽУӴҷĺɢ˲١
׺ݣܴشֻצͼץͬʱβҲݺݰ˹ȥ
Ȼӭȴ͵һֻצݺݿס˺ȺӴβԸݺ˦˹ȥ
䣡
һɲǣ𶯣޾ƼҲ֮䶯ǳ֮âҡҷ
Ͱ»ɽаԶǱд˶ˣ֮ȻҲӰ֡
䣡
վʧ˺ݺȷɣײڵأܵش֮Ӧģ»ɽҲܵǰδеش̲סһʹŭ
壬ҾŹģ
һŭ𣬰»ɽڹɽ纣Ҳݺײ塣
Ȼըϯ˷վĵطѿһˡ
һĻ»ɽ˺Ҫͣˡ
ʱͻȻУδ䣬ڰ»ɽһƽꪹЮŻԵɽͬһɫ㣬͵غݺײڰ»ɽؿڡ
һ޴ޱȣѡǰ»ɽ֮õĿյ
ϣֻһ»ɽؿϼ᲻ɴݵսֱӱƽꪴ̳һۣϿֲڻеɲҵı

ֻһĲҽУ޴»ɽ߷һײɳȥѪڿһֻƻϵսףǹҲͬڣڸ
䣡
ܲһִ׵ͻȻȻ䣬һ־û壬˰»ɽڡ
Ӵֱӹ˰»ɽڣ֮ÿһϸǿڵҲ֮ըɳȥ
һθܵ»ɽΣ־̲סԳˡ
ţ
һĻҲ΢΢۾
Ըܵõ־ǿй£»ɽʵڴԼҪͻһϣﵽ쾳ļ
־޷˵Լ£Ȼ뵽ַʽȥ»ɽ
䣡
ʱգۼ䣬ڶִ׵ܿڰ»ɽϣǵĵ
ְԵ֮Ĺ£»ɽƮзҰް˻𣬶Ȼðϸ磬Щ߰ս׵ıٴڰ»ɽγһһ貳ҵ׵֮
Щ׵֮ÿһ̺ſըһӴɽ͵־ͼַʽȥ»ɽ
ߣǲ𣿡
ͷյУѾͰ»ɽԼ־֮սˡ
ˣȴη塣
壡
ʱ򣬰»ɽˣǳ޺Թ쳹أھǧɵĸ߿У»ɽ͵̧ͷһ˫ݺݵĶ壬б޾ĵ绨
׵Ĺ£»ɽѾԽ˶쾳ףޱƽ˶쾳߽׵ĵزֱ֮Ԯ֡
һһεĺԣеһж٣±ҲһҪᣡ
»ɽɱ죬еɱԽԽŨң׵⻷ҲԽԽңԽԽԾ
һ̣Ŷ壬»ɽһαǿҵս⡣
㱳ѴƣΪһĻ𣿡
𣬾³һ˭Ҳﲻ㣡

¡
һ»ɽʱûȰ»ɽ֣һˡ

ֻһһɽ𣬶ڽ֮УһӵĽɫĿޱȡ
ԯʥ
徹Ȼԥԯʥ

һ̣ϲ鷢ˣһִ׵ԭ»ɽǿʵģǰ;֮ȴ·ܵĳǣһ㣬ǵ޴׵ͻȻһۣı䷽Һԯʥϡ
ǿֲģԻһɽʹ󴨵һӴԯʥͺٴ뺣㣬еԯʥ丵βʣա
ԯʥõʱâǣʱΪһɫ̫
һ
Ʈؼ죬ͬʱУһɫʱ֮׹ҵԯʥʧ
ԯʥֵʱѾǺһڰ»ɽǰ͵سŰ»ɽ˹ȥ
ټԯʥԼ־һѾǿĳ
¾־뵽徹ȻǿнȡԸ»ɽ
¡¡
һһִбŷ嵨Ϊľٶ־һ̶ŭôŭҲѾ޷ֹˡ

һݽɽ㣬һ޼᲻ݵŰ»ɽͷȥ
ɣһͬھ
»ɽŭХ쳹գһ»ɽȻη壬ȫͬһնȥ


ڶǧʮһ ־
һ»ɽޱֻء
֮ǰĴսսӵ̫ʼսף»ɽһֱ彻֣̫ʼȥԸ
ȻƵ;ĩ·İ»ɽǰδеս⡣
ʵ̫ǿˣ
̫ʼ˵⡣
شûĶ֡
û˱Ȱ»ɽףжô£ӵ֮ӳ֣õ޾׵ǰҲûбʤİա
Ҫ壬ֻбݡ
Ҫǣʧȥһ֮ԴֻһͷǾǲϧһдҲҪɱ壬ͬھ
ٵͼҵˣ
»ɽǵ͹Ŀ³̶ȡ
ߣ
һޣڰ»ɽ͸˵ĳ
屾ͱȰ»ɽǿٽ־Ͳǰ»ɽԵֵġ
䣡
âһһؼ䣬һҫ۵ĽֺɣɽȻһأգҲ˰»ɽ֮

ҽУ»ɽһʯ¡һٴصıڵϡ
¡¡ضɽҡǾ޴ֱƬ˵Ļζ
꣡
һĻ־ƺ׵ؼŭˣһ˲䣬ߵִĳصĺڰ»ɽϡ
ֹˣغͻʴԭز̺ĴԪҲ糱˷۵»ɽڡ
һ̵İ»ɽΪġ
Ҫɱ㣡
»ɽ쳹ʣգۼ䣬δ䣬׹ĵط̳һҵĺɫƺƵʵʣ͵عᴩŰеȥ
»ɽԼҲߣ켣ںɫУȥ
𣿡
嵭Įؼһ̣ˣһһ޴İɫʱ֮ƾճ֣ͬһڰ»ɽĹϡ
Щʱ֮Ȼ䣬޴ʱձ֮»ɽĺɫһؽֱӽضˡ
䣡
ûȰ»ɽӦοȣ˲ǰеԯʥݺݵϣĽŶ쾳ǿµֱڰ»ɽսһ೤ۣϱĿֲǽ»ɽٴɣݺݵڵϡ
¼Ծ
ͻȻ֮䣬֮ʯӴ
СҲгɲһʱСĳҲսӥչ᰿ӵһ𣬾ͳűų֮ʱбĨɱΣգȻʱǨΪִٵѾӵ˶ԿͬʱҲӮء
ں־־Ĺʽþ֮
˵þ֮֮ں־ͥҪٷ֮ٵĲþ֮Ըһγ߽־Ĺʹ־ʮ޷ٴθա
ע⣬־޷ֻһһλһ־ӡһʱ䣬һͨ޷ץԼͷԼ棬Ϊ֮С
ע⣬ĿǰĲþ֮Ϊ㣬ͨϵĻ־Ľۻ

һͣһ˿ɫ
־ڰ»ɽϿգʵڵĶ֣û̫õӦ԰취ңԯʥȻ˵»ɽսףƻĳ̶ԶûôǡıҪɱ»ɽҲҪϲٵʱ䡣
ֵǣĹԽң»ɽܵ˺ԽϷ㼯־Խǿ󣬸ҲԽࡣ
ȥһŪã˵пð»ɽˡ
֮ʯᵽġþ֮ȴṩһֿܣ
Ҿ㣡
ʱһŭХӵ洫»ɽ֪Ϸ飬һһεıܣ־ĹҲκβֻð»ɽԽķŭ
¡¡
׹ң»ɽٴδӵڿն𣬲һ˴֮ȥ
䣡
мҵսһ𣬰»ɽƴȫ·Ҫһ㳯巢𹥻ҲһһβϵĽ»ɽ
֮ⳡսУʼռϷ硣
ϲ־һιþ֮ٷ֮ʮ
ϲ־ιþ֮ٷ֮ʮ
ϲ־ιþ֮ٷ֮ʮ

ս֮еİ»ɽ˫ĿѪ죬״ֻ׹ļӳ£һһβͣķ𹥻ÿһαպ㲻ܲٴγȥȫ֪Ϸı仯
ֻʼձ侲
ʮλ»ɽĹ֮֮ʯٴ
ϲòþ֮ٷ֮һ٣Իһη־Ļᡣ
жʱ¶һ˿ϲɫ
壡Ҫɱ㣡
ʱ򣬴غһӰڵӵ𣬴ķ籩
»ɽÿһΣϵͻᱻǿһΣڵİ»ɽȻûʱ֮Ǿԣڵİ»ɽѾ˶쾳۷壬ֲ̫֮ʼҲ˶١
֮ӳֵЧ
ֱ仯»ɽû뵽ֻڵ˫ĿѪ죬ŤԺֻʣ»ɱͷѾȫûע⵽Щ
ˣһжսˣ
кһٿʱ֮˲ڰ»ɽͷϷٴһ䣬޴»ɽһȦȦ׵⻷׷𱬣޴»ɽٴҽ˴֮С

»ɽУûһ˲䣬׼֮ǰһٴν֮ġϴ񡱡
ʱ򣬰»ɽ̧ͷһĳ
»ɽû´ˣھ־Ҳͬ㣡
Ļؼ죬ĮԶ
崣գ״ȻŷһȦһȦԽԽҵĹâ
䣡
һ˵Ľɫȭϳ𣬺ƺƵ罭һ㣬͵һȭϯϣ˲Ǿ޴ġ
ôһɲǣ㾲·綼ֹһ㣬һ̣غе־ͻȻһʵŭ漴նѿˡ
ǵģ屬һƺ־ˣ̶ֻһ˲׵ɢһֱϷľ޴з·ܵشһ㣬ʱɢֻ㳹ʧˡ
һʧģǹӴ־
ϲ־һβܵ׳٣һ㣡
֮ʯԺ
⣬ⲻܣ
ϣоǹϤϢɢ»ɽ׻ͷգĲţ˫Ѫ۾һҲ˲١
־壡
𺳣
Ȼ޾ı䣡


ڶǧʮ ʵİ»ɽ
»ɽڵϣǹɲݵսɱ˲ʧ٣ԭŤͨһҲָֻ޾ĻҰ֮ɫ
ôܣ
־ߵ־ûκδڿԳԽ
Ϊʲô
徹Ȼ־Ի
㵽ʲô
»ɽͻȻڣлµ塣
ͷ»ɽͻȻ֮ʲô
һֱΪֻһƵͨֻ츳ͲŻЩڶѣһ̣»ɽ̫ʼ֮ǰ˵ġ֮ӡܶһЩԭֻͣϵĶͻȻر塣
һ־춼ԻĴڣһͨˡ
ϵܿ¾١
ѾûбҪٸˣʲôԣѾû塣
嵭Įûлش
ϵȻܣ٣֮»ɽԹ޳𣬲ЩȴûбҪ»ɽ͡
䣡
δ䣬Ȼ֣ûȰ»ɽӦһɰ̺ǿʱղȻڰ»ɽϡ
һͻյʱչ򣬸ûи»ɽӦʱ䡣

ֻһУ»ɽſһѪҶɳһײʮһѩǣʮ׵ɽϡ
𶯣ʮ׸ߵɽֻƬ̣ͱ»ɽ͸Ŀ񱩾ұըһСɽôʧˡ
˿̣»ɽˡ
壬Ҫɱ㣡
־
»ɽڵϵķУŲϳԼ壬ɫţ־ŭ
ӲսĿ꣬һŲľ룬һ߼գһֱֻۣŭƺ֮ǰ־ȡ
ֻҪ־ڣܵصˣ»ɽָ
ι˲
ߣûõģٳˡڵʱٳ֣
建һĻЦ
УѾʧ»ɽֻ˵
ܰ»ɽжôʣеһûκתĻᡣ
䣡
һٴγ֣Уһɫʱ֮ƾո֣Ļƽ˲䴩ʱ֮һ˸ؿռ䣬ݺݺڰ»ɽϡ
ƽ̫Ǭƥӵмƻټζս׵ͬһλãֻ꣬һ죬ս׵λñͱһ㣬ʱǳ顣
ͣƽꪴ͸սףֱӲ˰»ɽ壬Ǿ޴ĳɡ
ھ޴ıըУ»ɽٴ׹ڵأ̳
Ҹƴˣ
»ɽް˻Ȼӷѩд
ڱɵͬʱ»ɽܲˣڵ㣬Ȼ̳һ˵ɶ޾ĺȻڱ˲Ϊһͷ۵ս
ͻս
һ̣»ɽٻԼǿĹ
ͻսÿֻжŵǹꪵȲͬˡ
𣡡
ֹˣһ޴ݺٴڰ»ɽ֣ѸٻΪһɫƳǹͻսС
һ̣ͻսͰ»ɽĺ֮ںϣϣʵ
Ϊ˱ǿһ»ɽֱȼȫÿһϸǱܣԭ΢ֵҲһ̷·ˮС˺üȦԵÿޱȡ
Ѿǵ͸֧ǱˣȼһԪ
Ϊ˴ݻ壬»ɽѾ׻ȥˡ

âһһ̣»ɽ޴ͻսֳֺǹ֮٣ľ˰»ɽƽغϡ
¡¡
һ춯صľ죬ƥҫ۵Ľ⣬ǰȻը
ھ޴£Ͱ»ɽվĵطΪģԲڣҡضͬ㣬װĻѩա
һ֮󣬾ɽҲһܲס»ɽһȴضˡ
ֻ꣬һĺҡΣ԰»ɽĵطΪģѿһʮﳤѷĳͻʴԭϡ
𣿡
Хڰ»ɽгĿʱͻȻ֮䣬һϤС
߲ͣƽƽڰ»ɽУȴһס
ܣ
ڰ»ɽҧгݣŵĿУսףƵھ׵İУǰһҫ۵ĽɫȻ֣˰»ɽ֮ǰеĹ

һɲ»ɽˡ
һ۾ͱϳеĽɫᣬȻ̫ʼķ
ô
·һˮ£»ɽʱ͸еսʧøɸɾ
û˱̫ʼĿֲֻҪڣĹжôǿȼԪҲܸκ˺
ֻҪڣڲ֮ء
ôû뵽̫ʼŸոô͵õҽ֮
ˣ
һ̣ɫǰĹ̬仯γһɫ
֮
ɹ˹ǿ̬֮һ
䣡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ڰ»ɽ㵵ɲǣ֮Ȼݺڰ»ɽؿڡ
ͬһУ屬Ͱ»ɽȣͬն

ֻһĲҽУһն£»ɽ·⵽ǧɽ͵ײ˼ǰطɳ
һ죬籬Ӱڴ»ɽڿУھѾ֪˶ٸͷھ޴ѹ£ѪͬٲȫѨбս׶Ⱦʺ졣
¡
һΣ»ɽ֮Զڵϣڴһѳըһףʮ׵ľ޿ӡ
ֹˣ֮Ҳչֲֳ
»ɽǼ᲻ɴݵսֱӱһ絽Ҹ룬ս׶ϿڵĽ
һ̣֮ս׵ƻչֵ쾡¡
飡
âһ밲»ɽٲĵطһӰ֣ž޴ӶѪİ»ɽĿޱȡ
û־ıӻûս׵ıûʲôֹֻܹҪһ˵ԹҪϾˡ

Ҿ
֮Թûн
޴ĿӶУ»ɽɫᣬ壬ɫ۲ʡ
̫Ҫûе߸ƣԼĹȣô
飡
»ɽŴӿӶڿնͼ壬ȻɳûԶһ׹ڵء
ڵѾɺԣصӳôԶѾ漣ˡ
ģҾ䣡
»ɽҧһ·ǰС
ѾˣҲҪ߾ȫͼΪԼӮȡһ


ڶǧʮ ثа»ɽ
һĹѾѣȴ·һǿ־֧
ڡ
»ɽһѩǵСɽʱ飬ͻȻһֻ̤ߵĵط
»ɽһϣعֻһĳĲϡ
ýˣ
Ű»ɽһâ
еԯʥһ죬Ҫ谲»ɽһһеɲǣһӺ󷽴
һ£
ˣ
»ɽѾɫ԰ףĿһĿһ˿ͻš
ͬʱعֻĮĮķѩУһͦεӰھͰ»ɽԶĵط
ث
Ƭһ󣬿տԭͻʴԭϣ֪Ǳ˵սʲôثȻ뿪սһҵ
壬һɣ֮ܳɽҲвжΣҶǾԽɣ
ثѸ߽δ䣬ĿһתܿϢٵİ»ɽϡ
㿴˭
飡飡
ث˫һףںġֶꤹ˰»ɽǰ
캮ض򡱱ѽ˪»ɽһ˳
Կ
ޣ
ث֪ʱ׷ˣǵͷ­
ɫ԰ףͫ״ͣƺǰܵ˼־塣

˵ͷ­»ɽһһ̵ֻŲ壬ʶҪ롣
Ҳнգ
ثɫ׺ݣݺݶǰİ»ɽĿɱˣ»ɽѾ顣
常ģûб㣡㻹ǵ֮ƴܲصо֮оȻ常
»ɽɫţŲϿثӼèһıη壬ǰûô¶
ʱ㻹Ҫǰ˵𣿡
ث˿Ϊ
վм䣬ĬƬ̣ܿȥõһԡ
￪ʼ
»ɽثһģһث»ɽݺһֱ֪࣬һثԴð»ɽҲõķʽ
ϣ
ֻһԽثսף͵سϵĳ
ڣҷµĴ˽ᣡ
常һһ
»ɽٴθֶثܵ־塣
ۣ
ûȰ»ɽӦثֱһ죬зĳ밲»ɽĲ
»ɽֻǰתеһжת
һһжͣ»ɽǰԶثǾڵأ׵ͷ
һоô𡭡
»ɽһãȻһɲ·ʲôЩȻЩʧ䣬ڤڤУƺЩʲôԼ
漴»ɽǰһڣʲôҲ֪ˡ
ڽˣϷµĴսˣ
ХثȾѪĳ죬įѡ
һԸպգΪǴƵһöԺ⣬߰ȴ뱲ϥһͷǶ֪
һսʧܣثңΪǧˣʷų꣬գͽԼµĴ
ֻǣˣѾҲ޷һ۵㡣
һԣ忴鸴ӵثֿһ۰»ɽɽϵʬ壬ԼԶ۾յͷ­Ҳͬꡣ
ػһ裬ڵһɹ˰»ɽսУҲнݻٵĴƣػסǧպ֮׵ʢ۹
ֻǼˣΪ̫ãʵԼԸݵϲùͻȻյ˵ĸо
ôһǣͺʧȥ˷һ
ֻһ˲ͻع»ɽƽٺȻܵ˴ڵĺܴ༴λãҲкܶ
Сģ
ͻȻ֮䣬·ܵʲôһϸ룬ȫ͵һץǰثȥ
ɹ
ݣ
ֻսף

̶ʱڣųҵȫ͵һ»ɽȥĵطѩǵɽϵһպȥ
¡
𶯣ث𺳵ĿУһһɻصĿֲͻȻɽϷһ緢ǹ˲䴩ؿռ塣
꣡
ʱ֮ɵһʱջܣ˲䱻ķѣţôɵĻҲ𱬡
¡
һɲǣثֱӱ֮Զ
һ̣ثһԵǻĸо
һ̫ǿˣĳ̶ֳϣ̫ʼĹԼϵֻսվ˹ؼãܱɣȴûгܶصơ
ֻϵĹԼֻսɳӴѹͣ
ʲôˣ
ثŶ棬ɫˣʶǿ̫ʼУͿ֪ʵжǿ
ǶԷܹһϵɣϵ׶ϵ·Ҫܲסһ㣬ƾһ㣬Էǿֱ
졯
忪ڣֻ˵һ֣һ˫Ŷ棬ǰδеء
ûм죬֪쵽ʲôȴǵϢ
֮ңзֲ췴ʱǹɿֲϢڻʹϿճֹʥǼУǹϢҲڻʹоһֻ֣ǵʱ岢ûϳѡ
û뵽쾹Ȼʱ֣ڵľǿ󣬲ʱ֮ǰоΣһѾ͵Ϯ֡
ǿӹɡ
̫ʼֻǷ£ʥһĵҲ
ʥ֮ðճ侳ҪսʤֻϧǱ찵ˡ
ֻССϣСˣ벻̫ʼͰ»ɽľжȻ޵ġ֮ᡯҲ䵽У
仯ӰһϺƵǿѹȻ
һֱ졣
һǿѹԼһԴ걾Դη壬Ϊˣ˵ĴͿ֪
ثѾ˵һС
ȻˣֻԳ֣ɱˣ
족˷δ䣬һǹϤɱʵʣֲޱȣٴγ˵ĸ֪֮С
ߣɱ𣿡
ԤϣһԵثţٴеʱйâһͻȻ֮ݶ
ϣ
һԽĽ쳹գһ̣һ𣬶ȻһɻֺƥޱȵĽ

һɲ˽һǧɳɽϵġ족նȥ


ڶǧʮ ٴγ֣

һն죬ֱɽ²Զ»ɽڵϵͷ­
ң
ͻȻ족ŭؼãһɰŷ赲塣
ͬһʱ䣬꣬ɽϷѿ漴һֻ޴ƴɽ壬ѷһץ»ɽڵϵͷ­
ֻ֮ɽԵСޱȡ
ث𺳵ĿУ»ɽѾʧȥͷ­Уĳص·𱻼ֻһ죬ڰ»ɽͷ­Уһɹɺ·ܵĳ㣬ֳ
ЩŤ仯ȻγһŤʹģȻͰ»ɽһģһ
ܣ
»ɽ꣬ث𺳡
»ɽ׷룬ѾĲˣûȻ˿ԴӰ»ɽʬгȡꡣ
꣬ߵĽ
Էչ¶Ѿ֪롣

룡ҷ
ʱҡضֻкһһ̣ʱ֮˲ֻɽϿգͬʱ֮͵һֺֻݺնȥ
䣡
ֻһ죬ֻ޴Ҳֲ֮һնһָɲǣն
վһâ»ɽͷ­׹أֻͬɽľ޴ƣͬ˳ĺˮһ㣬һͬʱʧ
壬֮ӻҴˣǻ֮գ
족ϵƺƵƮ첻ʱֻһգۣ족ǺƴϢͬ»ɽȫʧˡ
ؼžֻºؼš
ɽϣɫʱޱȡ
ثվں󷽣ɫͬѿޱȡ
˭Ҳû뵽ı仯֯쾹Ȼʱ֣Ӳ»ɽӦѾɢ꣬ˡ
ô죿»ɽ̫ʼһ»Ǿǰˣ
һثͻȻ󣬳
ûô򵥣»ɽ̫ʼûôǿ꣬ҲûôףȻĻ֯ûһ˿ɱ
忪ڵȻżȵ侲
֯ɱĴɡѾ֪٣ֱ̫ĸֶ˶׸Щ˿ȫš
֯ѿ磬ûʲôᡣ
ǿʥʶǿܶ࣬ȴҲäĿ
У족ˣǡ񡱣˾˵ľޣһǾıġ
Կ϶ٺܳһʱ䣬»ɽǾܳˡ
ֻͻȻ֣кܲʰˡ
ثĬⷬںࡣ
ֻҪ»ɽ촦ܵ˼شǰ׳֣ŬͲǰ׷ѡ
Ժӳ飬̫ǿˣʥʱĵˣոյľٶ̫ðˣĿǰ׶Σʱ˺ԵС
ثƬ̣֮ǰ龰ͻȻڵ
Ϊ۹Ͻʮǰʥʳ侳ڻʳǷǼ飬ثҲһ֪ʵϣΪ۹Ĵ󽫾ʱ˾ǣ뵽˻ʹ
ֻǾѲ⣬ʥʵ˼Ʋ˿Դġ
ثȻУʥҲûне鶼鶼Ǻ˽⵽ġ
족֯ԣʵɲ⣬۷ʱڵʥʶɵأոֱӾ˹ȥҪᰲ»ɽ꣬ʵ̫ðˡ
룬Ȼо²ѡ
»ɽ鵹Σһܾ֮ѣٴθҲ̫ķˡ壬ΪƵ֧;䣬۹ӵзͬѰ塣
ʲôʧݵĶǼĳ𺳡
֯ı󣬾ɱһ̫ʼ֯Ȼδ
ֻҪ֯һ첻𣬶ʼǸ޴в
壬ûκܹԿ֯
ģ֪Լʲô
ƺ֪ثڵʲôҡҡͷһƽܶȻ³çðգʵԶˡ
졯ȷʵǿûв´ʵӦܵ˼ƣһγʱǿĹҲ޷־áôͨܣûа취ɱ̫ʼͰ»ɽ
Ե÷ǳ侲
ʥʳ֮ǰ̫͵ĺᵽ족мȱݣı޷ݣҲܶҪٽ̫ʼԼ֯еԭ
û˱ʥʶ˽⣬ʥʵжϣǾд
Ǿ仰ƶϳ˺ܶϢжϳļ
һ㣬ȷĸ֪оޣܵģܸ½ݣܿĳЩؼ̫ʼЩĳЩӡǣһǳ£ܹʱ֡
ҲܹΪʲôԼɱ̫ʼͰ»ɽ֮󲻾òųֵġ
ڶ㣬족ܹͨ˼ߣʥʽֵǴξˣҲܹղ͸ңԶĿռֱӹ˼񣬵ƣ죬Ҳ޵ĳ֡
ǿƣ족Ҫ̫ʼͰ»ɽֱӾͿɱԼ
ǿĵҲҪܹ׼ԷС
ΪƶϳҪϢŸðǿϣԿƶɱԼ
ºҲ֤жǶԵġ
̫ʼͰ»ɽʵġĿһӦöʱڲٳˡ
һƽ
ثĿıӰþ˵
ܿ죬ثϾ¶һ˿Цݣοѡ
ڵѴɣΪ˵۹һϣֵĶ̶ʱڣ뵽ôĶҼֲĴҲȻ֣ȫˣǻۻѾԶԶԽˡ
Խǿ½Խǰȡ
߰ɣʱһߣսǻкܶҪȥ⣬ǱߣʤϢҲӦ֪ͨˣ
ث
ѩǣΪһƬ磬˶ϺвϺĵĻǶⳡսİնڽ벻УԴⳡսս
ݵϢҲӦøǣ԰ˡ
ţ
˵ͷһץסثһΣһͬʧ֮С
󣬴ѩããǵأܿڵһѩ̺֮ǰеսۼͬ»ɽըǸӣȫѩǣ޺ۼ
һоͺʲôûз

ثغ󷽲ãһ󹾹һֻѩӥӵڿնǿĳȶźһ·ѩѸٳžʦķȥ


ڶǧʮ ݣ»죡
֮󣬴ƾʦ
ʱ˿̣ƾʦװعװһƬո£ǧݶȫһĻѩһִıܼ֣ܽǴ䣬ʦΪһ硣
۴αȣݺύľʦ֮УյһƬ
ؼžٲȻΪһƬ˵Ŀտ磡
캮ضһ̣˿ĵطĴƾʦն˸ھĵؽ֮УĬĬصȴţԹδһĵ۶з
ھʦĶϽǣĮĮķѩ֮У̨ͤȴȻһӰţĬĬŶķƺڵȴʲô

һֻѩӥշ䣬һ͵̧ͷЩŵƣסֻѩӥ
ǶϢ
һƬ㵡
ȴʱˣѩΨһһվڻػʦͬʱĬĬȴϢˡ
޾ĵȴУʱѰģÿһ붼һһ
˷ѩ֮ʲôûУͬľããһƬ
ѾϰĵȴҲϰһһĺ޽ôҲûϵȻʱȵݵϢ
ʤˣ
ʤˣ
漴˶˷ͻȻ֮һȻһ㳯Żʹ۶ȥ
ʤˣ
ʤˣ
̤ѩһ·˷ܵ˻ǳл졣
װľʦһƬžֻзѩǺܿ죬һﾭĽԴ
ʲôʤӮˣ
ĳɹˣ
ֵԣһССԴƿӶŷѩ̽ͷ캮ضЩüëͷѸٽһɫı˪СӶˣ˶ɫ죬ѡ
䣡
ܿ죬۵˾Ļ
սص飬ֻҪ뱨͢س֪Ϳˣ飬ھʦϽһ̨ͤжݵϢڴʹ֮ǰþʦİ֪
˵۹ѵΣ֮ʱԽʱԽҪҰһģһģһģӦŵ۹İա
ֻͬЭͬ۹ã۹ⳡΣԺԵΣ
ֻо߱־񣬴Ʋĳξðʢ
գ
һ󻶺Уһ·ΡĻʹ֮С
̫͵Уһ跽̿ܵȼţϣɫǰȺ
̿ž̫͵мž
캮ضһƬ⣬ӴĻһҲ֮ͣУѾûκҪ̫͵ˣ໹ǽеĴȫټ̫͵С
״̬Ӷ֮սʼѾˡ
۹˲֪Ѿȫڶǳսʤʢ̫ƽеķҲܹȥʧˡһнȻ޴档
£ʤˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬¡һƿѩ糾͵ļ˽

ԭһƬţ˲Ϣ䣬Ⱥȫۣһļ
ʤˣĴʤˣ
˼ޱȣҹҹĵȴΪϢ
޿
ʱһӴϷԭϣͻȻ֮䣬վ鼤ޱȡ
̫ˣ̫ˣ
ûп㣡
վڴϣǷд͵ĽݱϲԱ
ҹҹ̫͵Уһ̶û˯Ϊľһ̡
ӣ


Ƭ֮󣬻ѩأʳǶϽǸ߸ߵĳǽϣһھ޴ͭȻ˲䴫ʦĮĮķѩҲڸǲס
רΪһսرģֻҪ𣬾ζŶⳡ˵սƳ׵ʤˡ




һһǺ𵴷ѩ쳹ʦ
䣡
ʼʱֻǻʹİӷ̽ŷΧԽԽİ˶֪˶ʤϢһ󻶺ӿȣ쳹ʣ




ԭһƬţ·һճǵľʦһ̳׻˹İջţӸĵط˳ӿ֮Уף
캮ض¶ȼͣһ̣жʤϲѾѹеһС
һ̣עҪʹһʷᣡ

ͬʱ֮ǡ
ɱ
һɱ쳹ͷսˣ֮ȴսҺͶ֮ͬУȴھԵ֮С
Ϊ˹أ
һ˻Уһһ˹ǰͺ̣ԴԴϵǽͷ˭뵽ϵĸԭ壬ս֮ڹսоȻҲͣƵĹǱҪ
̶ֻµʱ䣬꾹Ȼ˹ص۹ѵһ֧רŵӣЩ磬սηȫ˵Ԥϡ
֮Ǹߴĳǽ֧ӾȻȫûô
ڸ֮ڵĴƲ˵ҪĵĻԶֹЩ
¡¡
һ춯صĺӶϷû˿ףһߴĳǽȻ£ʱ¶һ޴ȱڣĺɱУ󣬴˹ǻѩͣĳɱ
֮ߵһĲt̨ϣӡۡͶ˾Ӹ£ܣеһж۵ףһɫѿޱȡ
Ƕ͹ˣλ˹صĵеĻҪԶԸȥа죬֮Ǿͻ᳹ʧأ
վڲt̨ϿЦ
һλŷݵûյȺͷɣǼѩ׵ҲѪ˺ۣۼһǵµģĿģȻ֮ǰյս
һսʱã棬ۡӻǺͶ⣬ڶ˼;Ŷȸȫܴᡣ
һսԶĻҪѵĶࡣ
ûа취̫ˣıϣҲĶֻ֣ܶԸ
Ͷңҡҡͷͬɬ
̶ʱĽ棬µͻʱѾʧأĿԶԶ
ڴ֮ǰͶһֱΪǿҲվиȣڣѾ뷨ˡ
һͷͻһͷצϢԵĿֲ
֮ǰֻ֣ΪΧԵϢͷ޶ѣſצֲֿκ˶ģʵϣܹλ˹ص¼ֵڣͶԼѾоǸ漣ˡ
û彨֮ǣͶڿҰشʲô³

˵ʱʱ죬ڼ˵ʱͻȻһ󼱴ҴҵĽŲӺ󷽴һɫ̼Ҵҵϲt̨
ˣϷ漱νϢȱѾزסˣ뼸λ˶ᣬɴ֧Ԯ
ˣ
Ļt̨ϣɫɬޱȡ
֧Ų˰ˣҪ˼ʱ֮Ǿͻ᳹׸ơ
ɫѿ
ڸ֮Ǹ漱ɳıѾɳѾޱãζŸ֮ʱܸ


ڶǧʮ 굱ʣ
λ׼ɣ
ľǾס꣬Ϊүȡʱ䡣
޳Լ
սֻۣǺͶ⣬ѾĴ㡣
һ˲䣬t̨ϣ˶Ĭ
֪үǱôˣ
һɲԺ˼ƮɣԼͬ뵽塣

˵ʱʱ죬ʱһƿգ֮䣬һֻѩӥſ֮ڲt̨ϡ
ү
һһ۱ѩӥı־
һ˲䣬ɫ𣬽ޱȣӭȥ
ৣ
ܿ죬Ӳѩӥϵż㣬ֻǿһۣôЦ
үӮˣݴʤ»ɽѾ
ʲôҿ
ӵĻɫæнӹż㣺
ӮˣӮˣ
үʤܣѾûǴƵĶ֣
ԭɫأѾѳǵ׼һ̣üɫ裬еĳغǷϣȫһɨգǰƺҲ֮Ժ
֮ΣǿΣʤܣѾûǴƵĶ֣ȵӶʤҲǴ֮ʱ
۱ǴƾʵԶ˹ص۹ıԡүڻûаܹǰռ˿ˡ
˹شѾע
Ϣ߳ھ
ͻȻڣĿѩޱȡ
䣡
Ƭ̣Ϣ֮едȻһɽХĻ




һ󻶺쳹أдʿǣϵֵ˹صĹнǱƳȥס
ô£
֮⣬һ˹ؽڷѩУ˸֮еı仯ɫˡ
˵Ĺ㣬мʱ֮ǾҪˣǻôҲǴܵӡ
ֻΧе˹ؽ춼ע⵽һĻ˵ɫޱȣʶģתͷǵͦΰӰ
㲻Ͽ࣬˹ص۹Ҳ书һʿȻƬսϣȴӵ޿ɵͳελ
ӡۡͶ⣬ټϴƺͻʵڶֺͱô֣ҲǴĶ֡
ı棬ӺͺͶȫڱѹһ彨֮ǣƺͻʵں֮ǰͱˡ
˹ͣڶڴв۷ʱڣܷӳǿս
ֻǴʱλ˹ص۹ʮأ½࣬һҲüͷ
ӡͶ⡢ۣʵУǴⳡսڱָӵģʵԶǧ֮ݵشںͰ»ɽԼս塣
ʱļƲ߲θֻץס˹ص۹ڵδ֮ǵλãһ֧ʹ˽άȵĴ
Һӣ۵˽ֵʱ򣬴Ҳܸоĳ˸ûҪһʼŵĿľɧţӣǣʹڽʱкܴתء
´£Ҳû̫İ취ʮӲıһ޷ƻͰ»ɽ˻ϡ
ڴ˵õԼǣסһִƱͬʱ»ɽǸ֯Э£Ѿܴƣãݹڼ̣»ɽ˾ù£˫սţԼ¸֮ǺҲӵ㹻սԻء
ֱ£ֱƴƾʦֱ󷽣Ժ𣬾ɢһٽ֮Լ֮ǰļƻͰ»ɽɹʦ֣ս塣
ô˹ض㹻Ļء
ˣȥǰ߲̽Ҫ֪ǰ߷ʲô
ĬƬ̣ͻȻڵ
ǣ
һ˹ǰ߷ɳ۶ȥ
ڵλþǰ߼ԶҲڶ˹ؽʿҪ󣬲һȻȫǰߵĺܶϢҲûôˡ

뿪úͻȻһƿϴ˵ע⡣
ĮĮѩУֻ˶ѩӥ˶̲סƤ
󺮳٣캮ض˹ص۹ҲǿŴѩɽഫһЩʥǿַʽȸûõġ
ԺϢϾ
ֱѩصʱͻȻһֻ˶ȸʵ̫Ŀˡ
˵ȸ֣
һݲ˹佫ɫһǳ⡣
һ£
ʱ򣬴üͷ΢壬ͻȻںֹˡ
һֻ̣޴ѩӥջ£ĿУ˫צ˴ֱϡ
ؾţһʱ䶼·ֹˣֻѩӥ̫ͻȻҲ̫ˡ
ϣĬĬֱϵֻѩӥһֻһ˫ǵ˲ͷ
࣬ǡ
쿴ֻѩӥֹ
ڤڤУԺһͷڴƣʱ¼ģֻһλˡ
˭Ҳ֪ʲôʣ֮һ
ֻѩӥĳ֣ⳡսƺҲһЩδ֪Ķ
꿴ŴѩӥϲţĬƬ̣ڴ򿪡
䣡
չż㣬ֻǿһۣһΣ׹ȥһԭݣκ鶼ƺԶҵӣҲ˲Ĳ԰ޱȡ
࣡
һĻɫ䣬׷ӭȥ
ôãУһĴڣ˴ûмӡ
ֹͣǣдȫ󳷣
ɫ԰ףͻȻ
ʲô
һƬȻ˹Ϸ磬ۿŸ֮ǼƣͻȻ֮´ʵ̫졣
Ȼ˻ûüʣ·ܵ˼Ĵ̼ͳһĻ˹ȥ
࣡
࣡

˴ʧɫæң׷״ӵȥס˴
û֪ǷедʲôȻһڵĵ࣬˴ķӦ
ڻҵʱͻȻ֮䣬һĻӸ֮дֻһΣϤ˹󺰳ġ
»ɽˣ
ˣ
䣡

֮ڻ춯أԭڽڰ˵Ĵƾһ鸽壬һ˻ţʿ񣬾ȻӸɱ
ǳ⣬˹صĴһƬңڳǳڴƾӵĹ£ʱڽڰˣɾ


ڶǧʮ Ͷ
ܣô
ݻĴôô׾ˣ
һ£е˹ؽҲŻ
ΪĹǵĵ겻֪ʲôոջ赹˹شҲ֧Ųסѵ˵ݵİˣ

ХʲôƮ˴ϣʶһ죬ץУϸһȴǴյǷż㡣
չż㣬ֻǿһۣ׻
е첢İ֮ǰʱ˹Ҳյһ۾ͱ˳Ǵλţżֻм򵥵ļ֣
ն»ɽ࣡
ĩβһöӡ£滹һССӡ£ǰ»ɽ˹ص۹˽¡
»ɽиϰߺһ
Ӹǹӡ£ֻǴƵһûʸƽƽ԰»ɽӸǵĴ˽˵ӡ¡
һ˽ܣضĶ˸֪Ҳǰ»ɽҪ°ѱΪ˷ֹã»ɽÿõĶǲͬ˽ӡһ˵¹˸޴֪
ϼӸǵǰ»ɽ˹˽ӡеѾ
ô
ܣ
ֱѣֻǰҰޱȡ
սܣʤһ̫̫ͻȻ
֮ǵսûнǳģսȴǰչ٣˹벻Ҳ뿴ľ档
ǳսⳡսʱͬһ㣬ʤǰܣѾûκˡ
˹ص۹ѾûκεѣϣҪԵĿǼԮ֮ǵ壬˹ظԭѾѩⶳѾ޴ȥ󣬼ʮ˹شȻؼԮĸо
֮ս˹ص۹˲˾
ˣ
ˣ
һ̣ͻȻΪʲôֻǿһţģ赹˹ȥ
˹ص۹ȥѾκ޷ıʵǴҲһ޷ȡ

дȫ
˵˼֣һҲЩԺֻʣ´赹ǰµǵ
գ
˹شƣͬʱһķȥЩ˹ؽҲͬȥ
˵ʱһƬңȫ֮ǰ¡
䣡
˹ããķѩ֮ɫֻʵİܣ֮ڣʱһ춯صĻ
ɱɱǣ
в׷ǧԶűձٻء
ǻЩ˹ֻүǵıʱ򲻹ǣ
վڳǳĲt̨
Ī׷˹Ȼˣûһս֮Ҫ˹ص۹õȵүС
飬׼޲ǽ
⣬Ͷ⣬Ҫ鷳ͻΧ䣬ֹ˹ȥ
̶ʱڣӽ´һ
˰صĸ֮طܹס˹˾ʤµֻǽ
һжɵĽУ˹˺ȥδӣǵ˶ע
ҲĶʱ˿̣ݾڡ
ݶڵλã»ɽݴѻ˴Ƶ졣
ڶΧʮĴƾŲΧ
ǹ񹤣֯ݲõĴȷʵҴҵǿö࣡
ʱһǽϣͼ˰״ոп
ХǴͼ˵ĽǶȿȥϿվǧɵĵطһ޴ͬǿڵϣݻУ֮⣬ǺһƬɱľ󣬶֮ڣһƬůȼֱر
۶Է纮ĵͼ硣
ҳǵԭ𣿡
ͼ˲վڳͷϣͬͷա
½ڲֹۣ˵ؽѺͷúвںҹжִݰ»ɽ̵ĵһ£ͼ˰æ̫ʼµĴ
뽫ƵƵĸǳȥƵİյ纮
ҵʱ䣬Ӧÿɣ
ͼ˳Ƭ̣ڵ
͵󷨣ʱ֮Ҫ͸ܣʵټ޵ʶлһ̫ʼʶͼϵĳ裬һвųΪܡ
˵ͷٶ˵
㣬󷨵йӦö
ĬƬ̣һһأԼʵ۲쵽Ĵй۵һɵҳ֮УƮͼС
ۣΪʵ
˵һͲ⡣
۵ŽɫҳصĲֱ֣ӽе͹ֱ۵ͼķʽӡ档
Ǻǣ
ͼŽɫҳ¶һ˿Цݡ
󷨵磬Ȥڡ

˵ʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲ˳̨ףٿ
үյţ˹ɺԨĵҪݼү
ȸ
ǲ𣿡
廹ûзһԵͼ˵̲ס̧ͷ¶һ˿ȵɫ
ոݵĴըıһɢֱ뿪˶֪ȥ
ʱ䣬ȸıҲɳȥѰȰֹˡ
ߣŸոչȥͰס𣿡
ԵǵȻһЦ⡣
嵹һ㶼⣬أ˻ٵ֮ǰĸԼݵشطǱܷۿԵ纮֮⣬طȫ캮ض⡣
Ƶı޷󺮳棬˵ˣҼа취ҴϼҴڣôգָδá
Ϊ͸һ㣬ʱŻݲȻȸҪȥѰıҲֹˡ
ǹɣҵҪǵ׼ô
һ΢Ц
ǣ
ȸӦȴûȥֹ
ôʲô𣿡
üͷһʵ
үһ£ү⣬һү
ȸ˵ʱ¶һ˿ֵɫ
Ŷ
ĬƬ̣Ҳûϸʣ˰ֱ֣ӵ
ɣ
ֻƬ̣Ϳ
˵ˣڿʱҲ¶һ˿Źֵɫ
ȸȻǴǬӣúǬˡ
⼸˶ǰ»ɽµĴ󽫣ûǵİ»ɽ߲ڡ
һսݴը嵱ʱһĶԸ̫ʼͰ»ɽ˾ͽ³ȥԸ³˵ҲƴȫҪǣֻϧ⼸书̫ߣټԦΣʱ̣µıǰͺ̣ƴ赲ɱΧ˳ɹѡ


ڶǧʮ Ͷϣ
ش⼸˶ڶĵƼ죬һʱ֮ҪץǣҲûôףȴû뵽⼸˾Ȼľ˵ùǣø˵Ͷϵ˹
һ͹̬ҲͲˡ
ſң쵰
ԨģɵСˣҲŹģ
˱۾ÿΧĸǿ׳ļʿѺţһһ߲ͣغš
λþòˣ
ʱ򣬸߸ߵĳǽϣӸ£ͻȻˡ
ˣ
ɲǼ䣬ԭŭǱ˵Ѩһһ˲ֹͣ
ৣ
󣬼ǿ׳ļʿǰס۾Ĳ
㣡
Ŷ壬ɫһףʱѿޱȡ
һѾΪʲô˹ɺԨǻôԼΪʲô֮оΧȽůͣеĴ𰸶ǰ
ߣһȺɵСˣԭ˵ġ
Цһжʱ¶һ˿͸һеɫ
Ȱǣɲأ
죬Ȼ䵽Ҳ޻˵ҪɱҪУϤ㣡
ǬͷŤһߣҲڵ
һɲ˶Լˡ

үǰҲҳԲѷ
廹ûڣ𾴵ĴƼʿ̲סŭ
һֱ̬ͦѾ¶š
ܿܣ˶ѣҪǰ׳ƳǾܵġ
Ƕˡ
վڸ߸ߵĳǽϣڰֹ֣˼ʿ
λ͹ҿɴû˵Ҫɱǡ
ǬӡãǬʵǿ˵ʵǿҲѼǡ
Ļ˲Ĭһɲǡ
Ǭ滹ǴǬӣһ̶Ѿ˼
֮ǰԻشһ𣿡
ǬͻȻǰһڵ
˵ɡ

ıɱ𣿡
ǬͻȻڵͷ
ͷ­Ѿ͵ʦȥˡ
Ǭӳ̾һڱ۾˵
úǬ棬һҲ
忴ǰļˣв΢΢һ¡
Ǭ滹ǴǬӣܷ֮ĺǳ͵ֻۣϧͶ˰»ɽûܹ츣ƣһƽ١
ϱݣǻڵС
ȥɡ
ͻȻڵ΢һ죬ᶶһ£һ̣պ˵ĿУһ޴Ľɫʱ֮ͻȻ
ǵɫʱ֮ɽŰɫʱ֮£һӴɽ͵£ֻ꣬һ죬߶ûһʱ֮лΪ촷ۡ
һݺƽٵĻ֣һķǣΪࡣ
һԣȸ˼ʿܿ죬һ֣ɨøɸɾµĲкҲȫɨһա
ӳǽ뿪ܿ뵽˰֮ͥС
ʩɺԨĵ

ڴ֮УԨġŮɫ׷׹¡
벻ǣŮ֮⣬ʩɺԨĵˣȫ廨󣬰ָϸӣ󻹲˼ľ壬ͬһ㡣
һĻ֪ǵĴ㣬Ҳһֵֹֹĸо

ѧʷϵһʣַͨʽԼһ
λ£Ǻιʣ
ɨ˼һۣûȥǣߵ˴ϷӰ»ɽõϣһֻյһڡ
Ļ϶ߺ졣
᲻ǵ˼ǰǱضѲȻŭνʿɱ裬ֻܵͷ
٣⣬캮ض֮⣬û֮ء
˾㲻ΪԼǣҲΪǡ
үǴȣҪɱҪУϤ㣬ֻϣүܹ̣Ŷͻһ·
ʩɺȴƳĬڵ
ܿܣǺͰ»ɽϽƣȷʵﲻˡϣүܹǸ߾ǣ߾ԸԶ̷ƣԴΪ
ԨҲͷ
ԸͶƣү
֮£ֱӵöˣ˵գȻͷһԲ
ⳡսʧܣǰδеľ̶죬ѾʧȫܲסϺˣǱƵ˾ҲԸ裬Ͷϡ
ߣλͰ»ɽɹɲŹưɣ
Цһһ仰˵ɫʱɷޱȡ
үǲ޴⡣
ͰͿڵ˵棬ԼҲ˵ȥˡ
̫ǿˣռȴǳޣǱͳΣΪ˸Եĵ۹ʤ¶Դƶ̫ʴȡ
֮
Ǵƻ֪ǿûκġ
ж˼㣬岻ŹǵĻҪֻҪĬĬȴеİպͱȫڱѩ֮ж˿
ֻҪܹŹǶͻʵİգҪʲôҪҵҲԹԡ
ʱʩɺͻȻˡ
Ͼµľ뢣Ȼʩɺһ֮Ըܹ춫ͻʵıһͳ£Ϊ½ǿĵ۹
Ϊͻʵ߻ʵۣʩɺվδ
Ե˽ͻʰյİΣǰʩɺվǼ縺ԼΪ۹ʵ۵ְ
ϰ»ɽҵľ޹أҪйߣҵͷй߰ɣ
ʱ򣬸߾ʵԨҲˡ
Ǹ˵ǵ۹ĴѾȫʧȥ˺ʹƿıǮҪҪ𣬱ᡣ
˵ͬ𣿡
ͻȻ˶

Ļ˻һ־ϲ͵̧ͷ
棬屳˫֣һƽ
Ͱ»ɽϣǱΪ飬һͬƣȷʵʮ⣬ǺʹǬӡֲͬ
õΪˣȴΪŰһƽ٣ûԼֹݲ֪жҪΪǶ
Ԩġʩɺȴͬ
սΪʹƴѣϰ»ɽƣǻ顣
Ȼ˵Ҫǣδĩպƽ١
»ɽȻҲ˾޴ĳ˺ǲ½ĵˡ
˵½磬յˣЩǧãã޾ߡ
»ɽȻȴɹߡ
ңֻҪ֯һ컹ڣôߵΣվһûн
Щ岻òġ
δսһ˵սҲһսƾƺѵסãã޾߹
ֻпܵһƽ٣ҲԸĹǵԭ
ʱп֮


ڶǧʮ 
ҿöͻʡԼ߾ɲݣܷ纮Ҳһɱǣṩʳǣһ㡣
ӴԺ½罫жͻʡԼ߾ɲ䡣
½磬Ժֻһ۹ƣ
˵һ䣬ɫȻ΢΢һͣȻȻıһɰԵƥơ
ɫһ˼
ʣҪշһͳ½磬ңͻʺ۹ȫҪơ
ͬʱҲζţҲľǴƵ
ʱ䣬ɫӡ
ܿܣһΣó׵ס
пɬȴûԥ̫á
һǳЧҴƣһⳡ󺮳У𣬶˵Ѿûѡˡ
Ը⳼
Уͬʱͷ­
忴һĻֻǵȻһЦ
ЩȫԤ֮УڣսֻǱ棬һ̣׷Ŀġ
Ϊֹͻʺ߾۹ȫ˴£ݵѾҲѾշʵʵֶûʵֵ롣
һ½ͳһ۹Ѿ𽥳ͣ
¡¡ĵͷƬ֮һܼףѸٵĴ˷ֻдıԼգȫӸӿ뵽ݾڡ

ݾȫװʿӭȥ
һıŵ˵棬ʿҲȫ߾˫ֹ˵ϡ
ݾڣǾǴġ
ֻʣһ˹ص۹ˣ
ݰڣڷУ͸򿪵ĴӣææµµһĻа

ͬʱ֮ǡ

Хؼ䣬ѩĮĮããһƬ
֮ǰĴսѾȥһʱ䣬ݣԭĿĸ֮޸̵ĸǽԼַҲؼ޸ӹ̡
ϣ
ԶԶȥ֮ΧһﲻʱѲķ
ܴ˹رѾȥ֮Ȼֽ䱸ɭϣͷϣʿȫװעܵĶ
ֻǺȣĸ֮ȴЩ̫һ
֮Ƕ棬ٽŵĵطӡۣкͶգȫۼһ󣬴ԼͻʵڶཫȫۼųţƺĬĬȴʲô
ˣ
ֻƬ̣û˿ףǰŶѩѸٻһԲС
ܿ죬淺һȦһȦ˷ɢ
һ̣âһһϤӰӵѸٵĳ˵ĿС
ү
ֵǵӰ˶Ŀһǰһϲòޱȡ
ͻȻӵص׳ֵӰǱˣĵһ̥
Ĵ̥ڵص״Ҳܵ纮ͱѩӰ죬ҶݵصٶޱȣҲ彫е֮ǣΣԭ
ɣض񡣡
ֻǰ˰֣ܿӵص׳ƣ˹
Ϣ𣿡
һսķѾʼ
һ·ϣȻ֪֮о巢飬ֻɨһ۳еΣ֪ԼĲЧˡ
ûУԴյүţʹ˹ص۹ıȫˣ֪ȥ򣿡
ӹ
š
˵ͷһҲ⡣
үҪ˹𣿡
Ͷǰһڣʵ
ִ֮ǣ˵ĪںͶˡ
һս˹ضԾʧĪڹͻʺ֮еͻʵı
ͻŵ˹һһεĽ
ִһҲ֮
֮սˡ
޴ʤ˻ΨһûгƵҲֻд˹ص۹ˡ
ͻʽԼĹ˶ڴϣⳡʷǰĵ۹սУһж֤Ͷյѡȷġ
Ϊܱߵ۹УΨһѣͶδͳ磬ͻҲ档
ʧڴޣͶյǺܵģڣܲˡ
ˣԼģ˹ص۹Ѿˡ
嵭һƵᡣ

ĻһƬ㵡
ڸ֮ǣԸΪʲô˵˹ص۹Ѿˣ
ӣҷԸǼŪ𣿡
Ҳûйͣתͷǰӵ
үѾ׼׵
ӹһ񣬺ܿع
ţսľͽá
˵仰һܿŲŸ֮ǵȥ
ûдȫ岢׼ϻ̫ʱ䡣
ৣ
ХֻֻƬ̣ڸ֮ǵϣһž޴ĻӭƮչĮĮķѩ裬Ŀ
ĵ룬һ˶ġ֣Ծ٣䣬һְޱȵĸо˺ԶҲܸоǹơ
˻ϣ˴֮⣬ûκܱս죬Ӱˡ
֮Уģһÿ÷ںŭţ˳ɢâ
÷䣬Ŀ̧գ޴ս죬иԴ⣬ͷ
û֪ʲô˶֪ôԭ

Ǹ˴˶ս󲻾ãԶĻѩ·ûע⵽ĵطһ˫ѩĿĶŸ֮ϿƮĴ죬漴۵һƿ棬ǵǱӰԳӻѩ³ȻԾ˵ٶȳɳۣѸʧӰ١
¡¡ֻƬ̣һ춯صľ죬ͻȻ
Ϯ
߸ߵĳǽϣһڵĴʿԶı仯͵طһС
¡
Ǽ䣬֮Ƕ֮սޱȡ
ʿ׷׵ǽͷſ÷׼
˵ĿУս˻λǽصĹѪУһ֧糱ˮӿ
˹ˣ
һĻ˸ӽˡ
һһβҵĳǷսڣ˶˽Щ˹˵͡
ү˹ĳˣ
߸ߵĳǽϣԶ龰ӡͶգۣ׷Ťͷǰ壬˵ĹС
ս˹˱㳹ʧ˻˺ܴҪҵǣûгɹ
Ӫؿյģûһˡ
ش˹˾ͺ񳹵״ʧһǷѾڲظԭ
ǴǰеĲ²ⶼˡ
еıûԶǾͲڸ
һ˵ȷʵԶˡ
Ļǣеһж֮ǰ˵ݵЩʧ˹·ܵʲôһͬĻһӸϯ


ڶǧʮ ˹أ
䣡
Ĵ֮ڣѸ궯˶˽һս׼
˹˺ηսҪǣԶûôס
죬˰죡
׼ӭһսʱͻȻ֮䣬һƵĽԶе
½磬ÿҶԼͬս죬Ŵʳ۹սΪԵʣ˶֪ɫսӵе⺬塣
Ͷ
ǰûϰߣ˶ء
˹ҪͶ
ôܣ
һǣͷϵʿҲЩãȻˣ˹Ҫʲôʹթ
Ҫƭţ
Ȼ˾ȵĻԶ
¡¡⣬˹صı֮ԽԽ
ܿ죬ע⵽Щ˹شУʮϢǿ˹ؽ졣Ϊǣ˾ȻѺһ
Щ˹ʲô
˭Ҳ֪Щ˹˺«ʲôҩ
ԽԽѺ͵ˣɲǼ䣬˶ɫ
꣡
ǽϣӡۣԼдƺͻʵĽ죬ȫ¶𾪵ɫ
Ѻ͵ǵӰǱˣ֮ǰ˼ѹ㹥֮ǵĴꡣ
֮ǰ̸ЦݲͬеĴͷ棬˫˫Żȫһӡ
˹˵ʲôѵΪ˹ص۹ıһ·Ȼһھз䣬˴ꣿ
ͷϣеĴƽ죬ر֮ǰ˹˽ֵЩ佫ܵ˼𺳡
ˣȫλ˹صݵһϷ
忴ԶֻǵȻһЦֻһ˵յס
˹˷ѣꣿ
ôܣ
˹ظڡ
ҪԴ֣˵ˣ˶Դ겻»û֣˺ˡ
Ǵ˹ص۹ĵλ
⣬ǿһ־֪ˡ
˵ȻһЦ
һϯ˷׷׳ԶĴ꿴ȥ˻һãȻûʲô˼
ӡ۵ȴһ׹
Ȼ֮УֽŲûмȻɣȻͷ棬ȴǳɾ
Ȼһжֻһʽѡ
Ǵ֪ˣݵһϷ
ӵа
ֹУвأ֮ſ棬ǼѾǵһνˡ
ߣҹȥɣ
嵭ȻһЦܿӳǽƮȻ£Ŷ糱˹شȥ
ӡۡͶյҲ׷׸ȥ
¡
Ŵ󿪣ⳡҵĽ⻹ǴƷһ򿪳š
ХǧƵĴƾųĶУŶȥ
棬ʮ˹شҲע⵽һĻͷͳ˧ʮԭ绢Ը֮ǵؾԵ˹ͺƵƤһϢһء
е˹ؽҲ΢΢ͷ­¶ηɫ
˹˶Ĵ죬һҲģоһεѹ
壡
½Ψһıʥ
һ֣˹ؿǣ
Ϊĳ֣ǿʢޱȣӺڵ˹Ѹʢ˥˳ǿ֮С
һϵֱΪ߻Ϊ֮أԭĴޣҲᣬ˹ص۹һս
ʷϣûô˹һ˴̫ٱöû
ڵ죬ڻܰ»ɽԼɢѹɽ纣
Ѿõĵ۹󽫣ǰҲиоһɴġ
ڵѾ˿ɵˣ
һ̾
˵սܹ̫׺ʹʳ֮屻Ϊʥôڵ壬ĳΪˡ
ǴƻܱͽƣЩ˶¹պսΪǧС
˵޵һ޵ڶЩʱǰ˭Ҳ˵Լǵһ
һһսǰѾŵһı
Ϊ飬ǹûġ
ҲˣǰУһδй½Ĵͳһ۹
ɴ˭Ҳ赲סģ
࡭
һ˿ȻʶŤͷǰеĴꡣ
ѳɣһκλӴ˹ص۹ȥδӣηҲ֪
εͶϣ춼֪ǶǴֻζʲô
ϣ
ս˻ʮҵʱĴƱͻȻͣ˽Ų
ټ򣬶ʱѻȸֻĺţ֮䴩
ĬƬ̣һУˮ˷ֿʮ˹صĶ⽫죬ڣѺŴǰȥ
һ̣ؼžе˹ʿŵס˺
࣬ڼˣ
΢΢һЦڵĴ꣬ȴ˳š
ͷ½׹꣬սôƱ˹ظԭڹʱȴʱأһֹȻΪԭӦʿԿ˷һ֣ҲΪλ˹صĵһꡣ
˹ص۹Ľʿȫǰȫλ˹ص࣬ľ
½ϣúʹˡ
ͳзƣ䱾ʵҲǿ󣬵Ǵ꣬ƾ豾ıԣڴ½ͳ˧֮С
ĳ̶ֳ˵½磬ʵϴսԷҪá
Ȼʹ໥֮ţ˴֮棬⻹ǵһΡ
ڴı֣һҲ⣬֣ţԴԸԼ֮ǰǲͶκ˵ġ
Ϊûκ˹ʸͶֻԼ֣Ż֡
ҲҪԭ
ܾ֮θ£ϲүɹܰ»ɽӴԺ½ûܹ࿹⡣
վУǰ̲꣬ס̾Ϣһ
һ仰ۡźвʣҲʧ䡣
ⳡսУ廹Ǵ꣬˴˶Ϊ˫δһ˵ⳡսȴ岻ʤʤ겻ܶܡ
ǻе𣿡
嵭ȻЦ
ɫһͣжʱ¶һ˿ɬ
Ǵ꿴ˣû뵽үһУ
֮˲أһнҶ˸үԽѺ͵ʦֱնͷ­͸ƵĻʵ۱£׳ţйƼ°֮ŭ


ڶǧʮһ ͳһƵ۹
˵ⷬʱһƽƺԼǱһ㣺
ֻϣҸΪҴҲδԴʮϣŲԼ˹ؽʿһ·
У
ŶƾʲôΪһŹԼ˹صˣ
ȻһЦÿɷ
սΪ֣겻ͶҲаնԸ֧˹صĴ
ңҪ֧ӣͱµļֵ
ֻǷƵһ仰Χȴɫ䣬Ҳû֮ǰĴݡ
ĬƬ̣ܿ쿪ˣ
ǾѾԸ𣿶ң֪»ɽһ̫ʼ
˵仰ʱĿȴһֱǰ塣
Ȼ̫ʼ֣ıɫȻѾ˼
ҵĲ²ûȷʵһֱⰲ»ɽǸص

ЩɱҷӾ࣬ǧѵһ캮Ҳ仯ô򵥣Ӧúһ²⡣
һбضǸ̫ʼѲ˹ϵ
δЩҷ֣ǳһЩµĺƽ٣ƾƵ»Щүʱүһõ˹ˡ
˵ⷭʱĿǡ¶һĶ졣
棬Ҳ̲סһ̾һҲ̲ס˼ֱⷭ˵Ŀ֮У˵һܲ˹صԭ
ߣδĺƽ٣ûиκô˵ˣƳδкƽ١
λ˹صĵ۹Ƴ磬ȷʵ֮
ѩɽ˵Щʲô
峤̾һͻȻڵ
ǺǣѩɽȷʵһЩԤһ𣿡
국ȻһЦûзϣȻȫԼƶϵģЩȷʵʹѩɽԤйء
ôԼĻȻѾЧ
ʥɮǴ»пյĻǰѩɽһС
ԣ΢΢ü¶һ˿⡣
ѩɽ
ʥɮ
ǸطԼǸ֣İܶ彻ֹأǳԴѩɽ
ʥɮǴѩɽ˵˹صλߵĴڡ
ط˵˵֤һһ𡢸𣬼Ϊأһδ󺮳٣´ѩɽǱߣЩɮ²̫ܵӰ졣
֪ǵΣһ˻һδƱسǰδеǿ۹ҲʷϿδеľ޴󹦳
꿪ڵɫƽֻһش
ʱ˿̵ֻһѡ
ܿܣǿʳںʹƵⳡսУ˵ⳡսУվǰˡ
ⳡսУ˹زû¶κεİ࣬㹥Ƹ֮ǡ
ǣûܹƻͰ»ɽϣⱾʵѾˡ
ڣ»ɽܵôס
಻ɣ
֮˹佫ɫݣҲ̲סˡ
Ҫʧȥܻ˹ص۹İȫԸ͵һᡣ
֮£Ǵظ֮ǣһжڴİ½С
ֻ˭ҲûļƻȻԼ˹ص۹İȫ
˺ʹƣ
һ˹ؽŭ
ʣң
佫Ļ겪Ȼŭ
Ⲣʲô̸У˹ص۹Ѿû˺ʹ̸еʱ
֮˵ô֣࣬ϣܹᣬԼȡ˹ص۹һ
ʹƣһǰ׷ˣ
˹ָΣ
٣»ɽѾսܣΨһĻǻôƵ½⡣
˹ص۹Ҫ߽⣬ǧĵ۹Ҫ״ʷĥ
ǴζԸ⿴ġ
һ̵Ĵŭɶ
࣡
ʱһϤǰͬʱһ⿪һף׹أ
׶佫˵һ㣬һ̣λ˹˶ĵ۹Ѿˡ
ǵѡʱ̣һǰƾʦɣ
һȴһͻȻѵĸо
һжýˣʧ˾ʧˡ
ս佫飬ҪΪⳡսҲӦǵࡣ
һĳµ۹Ϊ۹ºպսĹ˹¶·һ۹ı
˹ػûдô貵ĻҲԲҳϡ
ǣ
˵Ľ̸ȻһЦŲǰȥ
ͻȻľٶע⡣
ȻǵҾͳȫ࣡
˵ţͻȻһֻƣסıԵ
ˣ
˲ýһĻ˹ؽɫޱ䣬ɫҲѿޱȡ
徹ȻҪ֣ɱ࣡
ס֣
һҪֹѾˡ
ĳ֣ʵ̫ͻȻˣ
䣡
û˷Ӧһ̣һɿ񱩵ݿ࣬Ȼ籡ֻһ죬˹ڽĿУǼľ˲ֽƬ㣬ķѣľмͶѵľ׮ϯ׷Ĵɽ
࣡
һƬֵʱһ̣еΣ˶סˣ
ƣеĴȴȻ
ǡ
ľٶһӴסˣΧԭޱȵ˹ؽҲһҲסˣԺһƬհף֪ʲô
ҺȫڣҡҪɱ࣬ҲҪȵδǸ޴ΣŷϴƵ棬𣿡
嵭
⣬лү
һ̾Ѿ˼漴һ̬ޱȡ
˵һУֻǽڶѡ
ķԼһ룡
ǰȴЦ
ȷʵҪɱȴڡ
˵δǳƽ٣ƺ˹ص۹֮ĶԹͳͻֻ˾Σ㲻ʲô
δٵǳƽУκһ۹κһ󽫶׵ֵֻм½Լе۹ܳγһǿķߡ
ǰ֮֮ʦ˰»ɽǬӵѾˡ֮⣬۹δõҲǰߵԭ
ҪǣŶǳսڿʵ˼롣
һͳһƵ۹
ǰ£˹ص۹ͻʵ۹ͻʺǸ߾䣬ȫڣ˶ǴƵ
˵ܹΪãΪۡ
ܶѾʼʶһһǰδеͳһ磬ͳһ۹Լͳһ壬ϡ
֮ǰκһ۹޷ģҲ佫ȴġ


ڶǧʮ 󺮳
󷽣ĿһеĿһ¡
ʱ˿̣ӵĪˡ
һ̣ͻȻ壬ǰǸಫĴ
´ͬ
˭Ҳûע⵽촽΢΢΢̧ͷգ˵⼸֡
֮ǰı֮Ҳˮһ㶼¡
ǧһ䣬ˣǰͺ̣ѪûܴﵽģȻһ̣λгˡ
սúͣ
Ժ͵ս
Ƕôķݰ
һѾҪˣΪһͬ磬ļ٣
еȫںϣеİͬ˴֮䣬ս
ⲻһֱڴ
һ̣ζӡ
վԼǰߵǸ꣬սıԡҰ֣Լرκ˶Աġ
½磬ʷΰĴڣ
һ࣬˹佫ڣһҲмѡ
лү
˹ԸΪүЧΪЧ
һɲǣȫ¡
佫Լ˹ص˵˹ӵϵĵλ˴꣬Ҳζ˹ص۹Լ佫ǷԼһ顣
ܹǸԤ԰ɡ
ǰ緢꣬ڤڤУѩɽǧŵǸԣһͷ
ڼ˵ʱͻȻ֮䣬һֻ˶ѩӥӴѩշ
󷽣΢㵣ʶֽסֻ˶ѩӥż㣬ֻǿһۣɫ
үʳǱߣ߽ͰϢ
ȸż㣬첽ȥ
ǳɹķHⳡ󺮳Ӱ죬λ󽫾ɹշHĴ
HʽͶͶơ
仰ǰе˹ؽ죬ڣȫǻһ𣬷׷׳˹
̧ͬͷ塣
ã
Ŀһʱϲ
֮ǰʱд˷ţѯʸ֥Ͱ˼˳ʳǱߵʱ֧Ԯ
û뵽ʱţȻѾսʤԷƽ˴ʳ۹ڲеҡ
ⳡսеڣĺ˻ģ½磬ûе֡
࣡
иˣܿתͷǰĴ꣺
Ҳʱлң⣬ӡ֮ս˹ִɵʧЩһ仰ġ
Ӧ֪ҵϰ߰ɣƲ֪˹ûдʳôûϵԣѾˣծԺ
ָ֪ʲô
ÿһδսʤƱضҪ⳥
һΣȴֻ΢΢һЦû̫ûҪ⳥
һоͰү˼ɡ
˵ţһ

ʱһ䣬Ÿ֥Ͱ˼˳ڴʳݵϢƾʦݵİٴܲѡ
ͬʱݣ
ͳ£³áثԼдƸ߼һ̶ѯʹʦټԨġʩɺ˺ЭݾڶʱԳһƬ֮״
йھӲȳֳںϵļҲΪδںϣ춨һΡ
ʱ˿̣˼ȴѾȫ
ڣثͰ»ɽʹõοսϣ̯һͼ
󣬰ͺķ³̫ٱáȸӥѦǧԷ糾ʩɺԨĵȫۼһ
˵Ŀȫеŵͼϡ
Ȼ˶ϲɫ֮Ŀлǲɵ͸һ˿档
֪®ɽĿֻԵڴɽУڳ˵Ϊһ۾뢣һľǶ½絽ʲôӣлû
еŵͼ½ˡ
ŵͼϣֻǶش軭
󺮳֮ǰѦǧǧԽͻʴԭһ·뵽
һж˲ֻǵ̽麮ԵģҲش̽Ķȫ˳
ǰĵͼ
үڵ½زǱȺô½أȻ󺣵һС붼
ʱ򣬴ڣͻʵĴ󽫾ͻȻ̲סüͷ
Բط
磬ģԶȺö࣬˹еļʶ
Ƶŵͼȴȫе֪
ֻһЦǿĵ۹󽫣֪ϣ¶ޱȣȲǰǸһС
ͻʴԭȻޱߣ˵׾һ½ңѼҲѹļʶǳ
ǻ벻⣬ֹеĶͻʽ˵һ̶¶ͬ뷨
ŵͼ˵ֱһš
ԭô
Һһ棬½أ
ܷ
Ժв˺ܶͷ
һԣʩɺȻڻʵ۵ϲû˵ʲôϵ˵һУȻһͼ˵ͬҲһܴĳ
ԶҪö࣬λԺ뿪½أȥԶˡ
ֻ΢΢˵ͷ㵽ֹû˵̫ࣺ
Ҫ۵Ĳ
˵ţ콫˻ָһ죬һöɫ˵ͼϵıλ
һССľٶٴ˵ע⡣
սѾشҲѾֺû˿ֹͣļ󣬷ǵˣԽ䡣
ůԶڴԭϷԵģҲ޷֡
ⳡ۵һж塣
ԣɫʱޱȡ
ڣ
У˵ּ֪ĳƺ
캮ض˽˵ݣ˶ףǰ˵Ĵֹۡ
˵ݻӴƴĴʳʱ˵±⣬Ⲣ˵ͰȻˡ
ݵʳޣ嵱ʳֻԤ⵽ⳡսҪʹõҵԤֻǹӦƵİ
ڶ˿ڣҲζţʳǰߡ
캮ضִȻ޷ı䡣
ʩɺԥƬ̣ڵ
Խ󺮳˭ϣˣֻԷΧ֮㣬½ĴֺʵСÿ
ٶľӣǿĹּ˵Ҳ޴ʹ
δأǼ򣬵ȴδȻΪǧδйĴ󺮳ͻȻʱ֣治κ𣿡
΢Ц
ͻȻ˵Ļڣ˻࿴һۣһ˼


ڶǧʮ ³ĵǣ
ǺǣҸߴңкǴӱĻһֲٿأɵģһô룿λ½ۡܡ൹ʲôһ뷨ûаɣ
ȻһЦ
ү˵Ҳֻǲ²⣬ûȷ֤ݣң˵˵ô˵ķΧôҲδ̫ˣ
ԨĳƬ̣
һִ˿ֲĺס½磬ֻħõ
ǺǣǲҲ˵λݲǼ̫ʼ𣿺Щ˴ôãҲλûκη֣
΢΢Ц
⡭
һ˲䣬ڣͽǷ׷׵ͷ˼
ûɵӣ»ɽ̫ʼԼǸĹϵʵ̫׽ˡ
Һէ̫ʼݲ¾޴󷨣纮һδҲ̫ɺˡ
Ҫ˵ȫû뷨ܡ
룬վûκ֤ݡڵʱ£ûκιҸҷ̫ʼ
ϵ̫󣬾ʲôɣҲϾ棬֪ʲô֤ݣ
λ޵Ůվ˳˵е뷨
ͬСɣҺϢϢأԺҪõĻôϣ»ҪһЩŷ֤ݡ
֤ʵĴ⣬Ƕ˵Ҳһ޴ĳ
ʣˡ
Ǻǣ֤ݵȻС
΢΢һЦƺϵ˻дһʣ
ˣһλɣ
ܿ죬ͽɻĿУһյĽŲ佫һһѺһӰ˽
ৣ
һ佫һѳס˵ͷף¶ݺ󣬴ڣ˶ɷһ
񹤳ϣ
ǸˣȻз˾õ񹤳ϡ
һս֯г̫ʼλ񹤳ϿϤһλ
ս̫ʼɱ»ɽһɢ񹤳ϺЩҲȫ룬֪١
ԭΪѾɹӻ֯˭Ҳûϵ徹Ȼܻ
һ˲䣬˵Ŀ׷׼е񹤳ϡ
ԭ㣡
񹤳ʼĿ⻹Щ㱣ǴӵɨһȦ񹤳Ѹǰ壬ĳޡ
񹤳ϣ֯ļƻ˵˵ҿԸһʹ졣
忴񹤳ϵ
ߣ壬ɱ̫ʼˣָɵ˰»ɽٵˡ졯ľƻ죬ΪԼܲ𣿡
񹤳Цǰһһ
һսΪԼӮˣǸĺڲӿ½ԽԽ䣬ѩҲԽԽ󣬵ʱཫȫ
ΪԼӮˣ
񹤳ϵĻڣʩɺԨġŮ˾ɫ䡣
񹤳Լû֣ⷬѾӡ֤֮ǰƶϡ
ⳡĴ󺮳Ȼ֯һִٳɣ
ˣԭǸɵģǵʲô
ʩɺ̲סȥһס
ǶͻʺɺԼ߾۹ڣôˣȻֻǱ˵ǹʹ
ʩɺҲŭѡ

񹤳ϴЦ㱻ʩɺŲӣʱܱɱҲη壺
㣬ϰĶͷ֪ȻҺЩһ𡣡
жɹĻƻֻɱһˣڣǾȻѡ졯ǣʱ罫ǵһϯ֮أ
ͨͨǲϲԭ𣿵ǵʬΪδϡ
ʲôͻʣʲô߾һȺ΢ϣδµǾһӲڹ
дڵĺۼᱻĨɱǱΪе³
񹤳ϹЦ񶾵
ڣ˲ɫ
˵𣿡
ʱͻȻ˵ɫĮֻ΢΢˰ֹ֣Ⱥ鼤ߵˣ
δܻܲ磬Ҳۣɱ̫ʼδȻҲܸɵ졣㣬ΪŰִԲ³ҵѾǰ֪ˡ
ⷭ񹤳Ƥһû˵˵ĿУһֻһΣ䣬һ̣һɽ纣ӴĪܵȻ
һ̣һغУ񹤳߶ûһͱӴУ˻Ϊ࣬
쵰ˣ
ү˵ɣҪʲôֻҪõǵĵطܷԸ
ɫ߷ߣڻڷŭ֮С
忴һĻֻ΢΢˵ͷ
֯µĵطӵдĸ֣һκһһȶ޷֮⡣
ҪԸǣⳡҪ
󺮳ڱ¶ȼͣ±ﻹҪö࣬˵۹󽫼Լϵĸ֣˸޷ԽҪɳĸ֣ľͬһǰⳡ󺮳
忴ˣһԼĿġ
ƾүǲ
ڣȫͷʩɺԨĵҲͬˡ
񹤳ϻ͸¶ζ˲
ƻ
жɹ֮񹤳Լġ족Ҫһϵ˿ڣЩ֮ǰ֪ġ
˼ɵͿֲǣصԼ½ݽ棬޾ηҲ񹤳˵ǶԶֻ϶ѡ
ǵͼı̫£Ҳֲ̫ˡ
ǵóѣ¿¶Ϊ
˵ͷܿ쿪ʼμαжľϸڡ
ʱ󣬻˶Ӵ뿪ˡ
뿪֮󣬴³ס塣
壬ŸոͶĲȣʱǺһжĺ𣿡
⣬뿪֮൱ȺףһЩͻҵĵʱʰ
Ͼǲһİ
³ǰ壬һǵ
Ͷƣǲòѹµ˹Ҳʲô岻٣һˡ
ɮ٣޵ʳͲˣʱѹ󣬺ܿ䡣
Щ³òĵġ
ֻǣʱ˵棬˵ѡ
Ǻǣ˲ɣ˲ã
ϣ³ĵģֻȻһЦģ
˼Ҳ¡Ѿ·ˣٻ䣬Ǿ·һ⣬ʩɺЩ佫Ӧöף£ǻٱѴƣʲôĽ
һɫݣͶ¶һŷ
³ĵ⣬ûпȫ
⣬ѾͼˣģǾ׳ݵĴ󡣵ʱں֮£ҵҪм˴

³ԣû뵽徹ȻѾǰĺ֡


ڶǧʮ ͷĹˣ
֮ڴ󺮳⣬ľǾ͵
峷ǵʱֻ·һ֮ӡ
ģ
³ļЦŰο
ڣʲôӡֻȥһ˱ǲأѾͱ뿼ǵһ֮ĺ
պ󶼽ΪƵĳӣκ鶼һˣԺҲϰˡ
³˼嵹һ㶼⣬ʵϣ²ֻ³һ˵뷨ĳ̶ֳҲثõеǡ
ֻ˱Ͼ뷨ѣѡ³˵һ㡣
½ս̫ˣⲻһһʼģǴӹǧ궼ˡ
ôԶĳޣһһϦһսܸıġ
³˵Ǳݵ飬ʵʵǧսҲϣöԹĲκͻɡ
˵Ҳһ¡
岢ıԼľΪںϣǴ
ھ޴ΣǰжԹ¡
ʶЩ˵ֶΣҸо޴Σ֮ӦǸô
˴ƣûκܹǣ񹤳˵ĳôͻĭһʧʷУͬȥЩʧһ
ס³ܿ뿪

ʱգ֮䣬ȥ
ݱţѩĮĮ
ıԼ̥³áثͺķԨġʩɺŮɽǿȫۼһ
½Ķǿߣڴˣһǰδеĺƴж
˻࿴һۣĿȫеϡ
û˵ֻǻֿһۺݣ۴αȵķݡһıܿջĿ⡣
ʼɣ
һ䣬̥Ѹٳͬʱһְֻļϡ
ˣ
һ̣һһһ׵ĹâˮһѸٴڱϯͷţҽȫС
âһ˻Ϊһ⣬űɶݶȥ
Хĺӿбֱط֮ǰȣԽˡ
ˣ˵ȴûκθ֪еķѩͺȫֵ̥ͨ⡣
ʱȣݵʳÿһ춼ģ˵ʱ䲻ˡ
ٶȼ죬գ֮ǽľ롣
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬˱ִ˶ͻʴԭǶͻţĳ
Źⱻѩⶳĳʩɺж¶һ˿˸С
ʱˮݷ԰ͷţ纣ڵıۡ˳ŲԶĺǺŸ裬һƬͰ
ڶͻʺ˵ǵġ֮硱ķԴ֮ء
˵ͻʵǿʢѲϵ
ڣȥĿһɽĻѩԼѩһЩƵĹǵӪʣʲôҲ
˵ιţΪĺʧںıѩ֮£ʩɺҲЩԷֱ
ʧˣ
ͻʵĳѲٴڡ
һ࣬Ҳܵ˶ͻ˵˸УڹУ˳ʩɺĿ⿴ȥҲ˱硣
ֻһ˲ջĿ⡣
취ⳡ󺮳ֺֹܵǶͻʣοºܿͻеط
綼ɡ
߰ɣ
嵭
һ·ܿǱӶ
ĵˮѾȫɺļ
þ̽һ£ϣӶѾһشֵľ޴ɽ
ָоǳ졣
ĳ̶ֳϣӺҲʧˡ
ע⵽ȴֹХѩԽܼҲԽࡣ
忴˴ϣྦྷӨı⡣
ﲢû̫ͣãܿǰȥ
ţԽĹ񺿿ޣϰããһƬûκοɱʶĵرꡣ
ԶԶȥѩŰѾûκ壬Ҳֱ治κζһֱþ˷˸֪Ҫߡ
ֺƺĴȻǰǿҲԵСޱȡ
£˵ˡⳡ󺮳һֱϷҲһûκ˿Դе۹߽⡣
ɫĹڣתͷʩɺ
ܶͻʴԭԼϲѩƮ㣬¼ͣûڱûݵţڣȫС
Щطĵشȣ㲻ʲô
ȫͬն
УŻܵʲôľ
˵ݳʱ˺һͬУһԭΪѾƣòΪ֮Ļ
ô˿ļе뷨Ѳ֪ı仯
ǰһоͻήٵϷйȣʱûκε۹Ҵ档
֮ѣ
ھûķԸͰţҲоһ˿УΣһ취ֹⳡƽ١
гأǰȥ
ʮããİѩʲôҲ˺ʹѩֻ޾Ĺ¶ͼį³ʩɺԨĵ˶Ĭࡣ
Ƭ˾ͺһûκˡ
ܿ죬ڵִ˱ɭ֡
轵ˡ
Ϊһ·оֱִﱱͷʱ򣬳ϣȴͻȻͣ
ǡ
ʩɺԨģŮ˷׷Ťͷ壬졣
ˣ
ɫԼ
ˣ
һƬ㵣ִѩ⣬һŵ磬Ҫʲôˣ
ʼʱ˻ûиоǺܿ죬˾͸оһ˿һĵط˵ĸ֪֮У籩ǿϢͻȻƬĴ֮УҶԷƺҲˣѸٵ
˲ý
ǿߣܳģ
ңֻ˵ǵˣȴû˵ǵѣ
ѵЩ˰ɣ
ʩɺԨĵһݣʶЩˡ
ˣЩ˵пܳϾﱾǵĵ̡
˵ǲǵϢͻȻͣ
˾ɲʱɫĹֹЮѸٳǿϢȥ
ˣ
ֻգ֮䣬ɫһ˲ͽӰЮ˽
׼ս
һŵ
ʩɺԨġŮԼɽڣȫţ׼֡
ˣθݣرΪһˣϴһۣϣЩ˵߷ơ
˵Щˣ
ʦ峤
Ȼһ󱬣ȻʱͻȻС
ʦ
ж˵ĳνɫĹڣ˶סˡ


ڶǧʮ ǿ߾ָ
ɣѷǵУ
嵭ƺѿ˵ķӦ
һʱ䣬˶ʱβѡ
Ĵϻǿ˽֪˭뵽徹Ȼһʦ
Ǻǣǰˡ
ͻȻһȷӦĵ³΢΢һЦ³ɫ̩Ȼǰһ
˱ϾĹϵΪ׽а˵˵Ĵڶ˵ܡ
ǴƵһµĹκ˶Աģ˵һһ˴ҲΪ
ΪʦȻҲӦܵ˵ء
οͣа˻˴峤Զ³ثõ֮ϡ
ǰ
һߣֻһ˲ʩɺԨĵҲӦ׷ǰ̬
ȻʦҲѹֿԴԽѩִôңԶĵط
ʦôˣ
嵹ûӭǰʦа˺˴峤˵
֮սа˺˴峤ûвУһȻΪ̫ʼʵǿ󣬼а˺˴峤ȥҲṩ̫ѾƻһУ»ɽذɡ
һ棬ҲΪ˴峤Լа֮ǰֹ
ݣ»ɽѱ䣬ȷʵҪַϯµģ˵Ĵ󺮳һеĸԴŸӵü
취һ㣬վα겻αӮ˶֮սʤʱǾлˮ£λһ
Դսǰа˺˴峤ͳǰشڵ࣬ͬʱѰֹһеķ
а˻˴峤Ƕĸֻ֣ǲܹһ·뱱شӰ졣
ԴѾ
аɫ˵ĵһ仰һ
ڱ߼غǱ߷籩ۼ⣬Һ˴峤˼ǿҵǱߵһ쾳ǿ򡣡
ͬСɣϸ˼˺ܾãҺϴ峤ºѶԸ˶Է
ΪݾߣǾʱ󳷣˳ǷŸ㡣
һ浱ȻżȻ֮ǰѾϵõġ
˽һ£ҲǵõõϢ
ʦ峤ˡ󺮳黹Ҫ鷳ǣΣ
һ
š
а˺˴峤˵ͷ
Ҳ˴󺮳Ӱ죬ϵԽΣԽ˵Ļսᡣ
ÿնвٰڼȵĿẮȥ鲻ˡ
֯ʵǿȻɱֱ̫ǿߣǵʵ̴棬Ŀǰ֪жصĸ֡мС£򲻿ɴ⡣
ʱһԵ˴峤Ҳĳ
Ϊ֪Էǿ˲Խ֪жôΣգ˾̽·Ҳǳֿǡ
ѾһͣҲνȴµĴӢۣ˵ĺĺܳ¡
š
˵ͷӹһ˿о
һȺ˻ϣܿͺаˡ˴峤Լ˼ĮĮķѩпٴ󣬳˵ıߵļغȥ
ͨɭһ·ʮʱ䣬ѩԽԽڵִһεĿĵء
ܻһӣһļ䣬μһ⻹һִ

ХؼëĴѩӿƵͬҵĺΰϯȥȥããļ磬Ŷǽصľ޴ѩ
Щ޴ѩʮ֮ߣֱǴﵽʮ๫ͣĺţתţ˺š
ǿֲƣͬڣ޴ѩǰκﶼԵСޱȡ
ѩ̺ԶԶ˶쾳
ǴȻ֮κ߿ƥеġ
԰ټ޴ѩХţŤţƶ໥ײںϳһľѩ
ֹˣطȻͬȻĵرƽ̹ﵽǴССļӲɽ
վƬ֮Уоִһȫµ硣
˼飬Ǳ磿
վĹֱ֮У𺳡
˱ѩ֮УڱѩأǱҡӵĶԣͻǡ޳ⲫǶ˾Ǽҳ㷹
һкȣȫͬն
ֻȥİһǰδе𺳡
ͬǵһοеһжһּΣյĸо񱩡Űԭʼһ·˻ǰһǷʵ
ֻһ˲ͻعܿ챻ѩеһЩˡ
˻صıֲ廹ѩиоһ˿ϤϢ

жȻһ˿Ĺâ
һϢĩպƽ֮ʱչսȻδܻܶԷԵɺϸܵЩԴϢ
ˣ
Ժһͷ֪Լжûⳡ󺮳ȷʵ֯һɵġ
ǵҲִֻܵټǰˣ
һԣ˴峤ڵ
ִʱֿ񱩵ı޿ײ룬а˱ƴȫȥֿС£ķǳѸ٣аˣҲò˳
а˺˴峤ʵˣ˾͸˵ˡ
һεִ˵ĸȴȫͬ
ȻǼأȻЩԵľ޴ѩ¶ܴﵽ¶ٶȣ˴峤аˣֻĸ֣ûκγĸо
һֽȫ赲⡣
ֹˣ˴峤ĸӦУǲɫֺѩˮ齻ڣ·һ֣бڵִɫ֮Ȼֹʹ˼ûκϵġ
һ棬Ȼһֱɫ֣Ҳû̫ģ෴аܹоڴ⼫˵ıѩ󺮳мȡ
һ·ߵڣ屾ʵȻ
š
˴峤Ļֻǵ˵ͷ
ⳡ󺮳ȷʵ֯Ϊкȫߵ磬ôôӴжȻҪһӴʱմš
ҪάôӴʱմţԴԴϵͺҪһֱ̫ڴĳ̶ֳϣֹܲһ
ӽǵϳˡ
а
Ŀ磬ɨ֮䣬ܿ죬Ͳ׽һЩߡ
ˣ
ͻȻĿɨԶһ㣬ͻȻڵ
һ仰˲˵ע⡣
ಣ
һ̣һΣˣͬһʯ㣬űһ㼱ٷȥ
¡
һ·ԼʮһӶдڼصϷܲһ޴г֣ޱȣӶش


ڶǧʮ Ϲޣ꣡
СģѾǵĳѨԶˡ
ʱϵһɫУԨץסԼ󼸱ɫԥ˳
Ԩĵʵ壬ǳڸ߾۹ָӵĻԨļѪдСƴ
һսıԼɱ
Ϊ־Ԩľ߱һּģΣյֱ
Σջûн٣ܹǰӦֱڸǳֲĴը
޴׵гֵͬʱԨֱһθоϤΣոС
ҴӾ޴׵ӿ¾˵ĿĵزԶˡ
һȺ֪ϣȻҴ⴦ħ֮أ
ȻǼѰҾͳȫǣ
˵ʱʱ죬Ԩĵ䣬û˷ӦͻȻ䣬зӿ׵һĴЦȻ
صҲӿ
һ˲䣬ɫޱ䡣
Ƿˣ
аɫһȫս׼
ӶԷʵԲǷ֮Ȼһ·ϣѾټԷĴﵽ̫ʼΪأùԷ
ִﱱزűԷ֣ѾΪˣ
ûţԷı岻ֻǧﴫѡ
ĿѩϬ͸ɫһ۾Ϳ˶Է
Ϊ쾳ǿߣֱ͸ӿռ䱾ʡ
ֻжԷһϢ
壬㲻ҲͰˣȻˣͱ뿪ѵΪ̫ʼ𣿡
Ǻƴٴƺֱӵݡ
ıһòԶǰ
ԥһǰӶȥ
ǰûԶͻȻһˣŰɱ¾춯أԶԶش˶С
𣡡
ƤһŲʱȻֹ
䣡
ҡػΣ˵ĿУһ޴ѩ·ܵĳһ㣬ͻȻ˷˻ۡ
飡
һ̣˵ĿУâһһ޴ɫӰһݣӾ޴ѩзԾͬʯһǰ
һ֫أȴ߰˸ߣźѩë쳣ǿ׳
ȶСֻǰצȴɰ׳ǿ󣬷·޴һ㡣
ΪǣͷϾȻֻ߳Ӷ䡣
ˣеһжڸǲס׶ıʡ
һأ͸ӣڳ˹̬
Ѫﲼݺύޱȵͺˮ˳Ƿ
ˮڵأûɱǷ̵ڼɵĵϸʴһ󶴡
ȻҺо綾
ʲô
ͷѩĹɫڵ˶ɫһ
ÿ˶ܸоͷɫ޵ڳűըԵȻ߹
Ǡ꣡
ʱһɫ˴峤ǰͻȻ˵ˡ
˴һЩϹűĹżмֹ˵ֹϹžѾˣû뵽ھȻڡ
˴峤ɫص
˴ౣãûеĹŴ伮Щ伮˴峤Ҳ˵ʲôֻ֪һһ֮ǰЩˡ
ǰͷ˴һżϻŵĠһģһ
峤ȷ𣿡
ǰͷҲص
˴峤û˵ֻǵ˵ͷ
ȥԸ
ʱһһƤĳѵ˵Ҫȥնɱͷޡ
ΪΪ٣ǰ޲ûпסĺս֮ġ
ɱͷޣȥȻҲһּҫ
ҪǣΪ۹󽫼ĴڣԼɱޡ
һ£
ۿҪȥкһͻȻһס
𣡡
ͬʱһһҰ˻ܵѩд
飡
ĿУͷͷͷһͷͷԴԴϵشܾ޴ѩ
̶ֻʱ䣬˵ܾ;ۼ԰ټƣӴĠꡣ
ôôࣿ
һĻ̲סһƬȻҲͬˡ
ʵӦò̫ǿ˵ʵÿӦöԶԸһͷ԰ټƵĠͻȻ֣κһ˿ԵԿġ
ǶǴѩģһӦıϵ
ǵԶԣ˾ûôˡ
ֻҸ׼Ŀθˣܴ˵ɣ
ʱǵٴ
飬ԽԽϹŠѩ˳
ЩϹ޷׷׵ͺţɺɫڵˣû˿ԥ׷Ծ˵
ϣ
йâһ˳ǰϹ޳ɱȥ
ɱ
ʱ˿̣Ҳ֪α֮еѾ١
ʩɺŮԨġɽĸλǿߣ³áثڣȫһǰĹȺɱȥ
ͣʩɺһȣһһͷϹŠϣһѪӵڴŷʩɺһֱͷϹ޵Ѫ⣬ɭɭĹͷ˳
һ࣬ԨĺҲԾһͷϹޣ׷һͷϹ޵塣
ʵŮ۳ޱȵı̣һͷϹ޵۾֮С
ܹжģһǵĸ֣ӦݣսɣЩ˶ѾǷ켫
Ϊһʦ¶ǡ
ÿ˵ϼһЩëϷ࣬ڻ¡
ЩȻ츳ѶԸǶЩ۾˵ǿвǡ
ͣ
УֻһѪգ֮䣬ɫ֮һͷһͷ޴Ġ꣬ƽɽ㣬׷׵ڵϡ
ߣսپҪս
ɫ侲һֱżȵǡ
ɱ֮УҲûǴеĿġ
ȻЩϹ޵ĵʵвˣǹޱƤҪɱȻҪϲ
ԷﰲЩޣȻҲнĥʵ⡣
һζս˶ԷȦˡ
ߣߵ𣿡
Ǻ봫ƺҲǵͼ飬գ֮䣬԰ټƵϹŠ꣬ܵѩ
֮ǰͬǣЩϹŠһ֣ţԭڹ˵ϹŠȻʼȺӣϣ˵ķӵ
ֹˣһصľ޴ѩҲͻȻı䷽ǰķл
ͻȻı仯³Ҳ׷ױɫ
˵ʵÿ˶Ըһͷȫû⣬ôϹһӵϣһѩϣѾ˵ʵ롣
ÿ˶иоһѹ


ڶǧʮ һеԴͷغ

ʱ˶
ЩϹ޴Ӹڿն𣬷˹޴ѩ˼лʱͻȻˡ
䣡
һ죬һ̣ΪģԲǧ֮ڵʱչ򶼾Ҳзѩ˰һⱬը
ܣһһɫʱ֮ӶƾճС
ÿһɫʱ֮ӦһͷϹŠ꣬ЩϹŠڿն˲䣬һɫʱ֮ڿУοסͺͶһ㡣
ˣ
âһз˹ϹŠ꣬˲䱻ʱʧ
ͬʱĵ޴ޱȣ̺ɽХѩ˷л
ǿֲκΪ֮
ЩѩУƾŶ쾳ΪܹȻ˱ضˡ
˵ʱʱ죬ڳٵǣ䣬𵴣ɫְˣֻһ˸˲ʧС
ٳֵʱѾǰǧĵط
¡¡
ıը࣬ѾȻܹһ
𣡡
һ
ЩϹٶȼ죬֫һأѸٰ룬գ֮䣬԰ټƵĠ곯˳
䣡
һһ̣һΪ֮ɫӴǵأɽ˷
ˣ
âһû˿ף֮·ʱ侲ֹһ㣬еĠʱȫһ
ָһһһɫʱ֮ЩϹ޵Ľֻ˲Ϣ䣬԰ټƵĠʱʧ
ҿ㵽ʲôͣ
գа
˷޾ѩƺҲܵ˵ķ
ˣȴûʧ˷ִ硣
йâһеҲ֮仯
ʵ磡
΢ʱʵѾܹ쵽ıʣڣΪѾﵽ쾳ʵԶʵҲ֮仯øϸ£Ҳܹ쵽Ķ
ؼ䣬Ĺ˿ҰأΪһ޴Σε룬忴һƬ޴Ťش
һڶоĹȫŤɻ
ۼ׵粻ͣش⴦ش
ܿ죬ʹ⴦ŤشһЩߡ
ʦ峤ȥǴױ
кһ̥򣬶˲ɫе
¡
УǾ޴У֪δǿڣƺҲжһ̣һҵ۵ľ޴͵ش˹
ͬʱΧһ޴ѩҲ·ܵ˿ҵǣŰеײ
кһֻһ죬ˣһ̣ΧѩͻȻŻھ廹ɵʱȫͣ
ֻһ˸ǧɵľ룬û˸߿յƲС
Щ޴ѩȻɺ嫵ɣͬʱҲ̺һĿռṹƻضĿռṹȻܹʩӰ졣
ͬΪ쾳ǿߣʵȶԷԷȻҲԡ
ಣ
һ˸ûЩ޴䣬Ȱ˰Ӵޱȵǰ
䣬˵ĿУ谵£ͻȻŷһɱ̫ҪҵĹâ
ǳҵĹâ˲佫ΪһͨĽȻһݺݴ뵽С
ֻһ춯صľ죬꣬ض·˺ˣǾ޴Ĺ£ʱ߽⣬׵˷ը
ֻһ˲Ӵжʱʧ
һ죬ңңеһץһ̣һտɫĶƾץ˳
ǾȻһ޴ġ
һУХΧԭŰĿͻȻС࣬Щأƺ˵ѩҲС࣬Զûôˡ
ǡ
һĻסˡ
Ǹоġ
ӦʱҲ׹
ʣԷͨǸտɫЩѩ
ֱֶֻ̫𣿡
崣գö˶տɫģɫ
ʲôֶζʹɣ
һʱһʱڵ壬۹⡢绹ﵽĵزݣѾȥʥʣܳ˿޼
Χĵģ֮ǰ˵֯ǿߣƺҲû뵽ôƽǵֶΡ
б¾ɣ
֪˶ã˶ͻȻ֮ǰǸϤ
ͬһʱ䣬¡¡ֻ˲ϢԭɢķѩȻиյļ󣬰ϿҲٴ¶һ޴С
忴һĻʱ΢΢üͷȻһĻЩ̫һ
ĵտɫƺֻһý飬кΧ޴ѩԴ
ƻеԴôƻΣек˷ѩԴԴϵĳ֡
ʱֻܹƣڱ
볹׵ĽЩû⣬Щкܵѩ¶Դߵ硣
а
вͬʱյ㣬һʱմţ֯ǿ߼пܾ
ѾȷԷضֱ̫֯ǿߡ
ˣ
йâһѸɨأһ̣һΣ˲ص˵ϵɫС
ߣ
һϯ˲佫˹ЮУܵѩелûлָѸٳӶȥ
¡¡յͻȻ֮䣬ѩеγٶԼӿ죬ȻԷҲо˵ĶЩ
ִ׵ںһƺҪγһӴˡ
Ȼħһߵһɣû׵ΣѾ˴Ƭѩش
ֻһĺУűײĺ˶
ǰܿһƬδİ
˲ԶĵطһƬޱ޼ʵĺ󣬱Ѿȫᣬһĺ
ֺǻȻһ壬ŵӿİ˶ĸ
Щбк񣬺һɣ侪ˡҲдССˮװСģһƬС½ء
֮ǰײЩ븡֮ײġ
Ǽغ𣿡
ǰĳÿ˶һַ·һۿĸо
غ
ĳƺ
磬ʵһֳƺ
ɽйڱļأȻĵ伮ûصôϸҲһЩڱ񻰴˵
Ȼֶ˵꣬û
طȣԽ䣬ɫҲʼֵסļƣһ˿˿͸ɫ͸˽
а˺˴峤ǳ˽⣬һĻ̲סƤһ¡
һ·ıϵ̥Щսڣ˲Ÿоκκ⡣
ڣ磬ԣĺŨѾﵽһ˵ĵزıϵ̥ҲԳա
쵽ˣ󺮳Դͷˡ
а˳


ڶǧʮ ͦ
ֻƬ̣һ·ǰԾܿ㿴󺮳Դ
¡¡
ҡض˵Ұ֮УԶһ޴İɫ˳ɱļغ֮Уޱ޼ʣһֱ쵽˲
Ǹ޴İɫΪģһֱʮľ޴гںϣǾ޴зΧڣдССļͬĺˮ·һֻεľֽתţ캧
ֹˣһ·ҲܸоõﺮѾԽκεطӴĵز
֮ѩЩѩĴɫĻͬȻͬɰľѡ
޴ĺеģҲо˼Ӵʱղ
ԽʱղԽǿԨĵˣһļ²ѡ
ˣ
ͻȻһ򣬺ʣⳡϯĴ󺮳Դͷǰˣңﺣͬ⴦ʱ֮žȻڵرڼغĺ
¡
˳˼ʱһľӺ󷽴
ЩϹŠҪ׷ˣ
ͻȻ
ӴбѾɢڣֹУһ͵ѩѾٴγͣһѩЩϹŠ꣬ȫڳ˵ķ
ڵٶȣƬ̵ʱͻִڵλãʱֵһս֮С
廹ḁ̃Դӷѩ֮мȡÿ˶ˣһϵĴǿ߾ֻ·һ
ߣ
û˿ԥȫͬ沪Уľ˲佫˾УڿնѸٴżغеľжȥ
Х˺ѵأԽģԽܸоһӴͼغгɫȣ֮ǰЩѩһ㣬΢
߸ͬն
İɫ̺ĻԼʱ֮׵˺ٸɽأ˺ӲĽ
ֲֿκǿͷƤ飬˵ҲкܴΣա
壬һСıУĲ˵Ҳ˵Ŀܡ
ʱ֮Ӱ쵽κζ쾳ǿߡ

˻䣬һˣڿһۣͬһ㣬˲Ƽغı棬޾ģĺˮ֮С
Χˮӿ룬뼫غɲǣǰȻһͷ·뵽һһ
رͬһ¼šڰûţֻӿıĺˮ
Сģʱ׼ս
ʱа˵ͻȻ˶
廹ˣʱȫ߶ȼУϮʱܽ٣ÿ˶ףжִյ㡣
Щ֯ıô飬½磬ǧǧ鶼ΪԼӡƷǾﲻκεķֶΡ
ԽӽͻԽΣգһʲôʧȻٲ֮ء
ˣȴû˿ĺˣΪԼ˻Ϊ磬˶ֹεĺһϣ½ϵʹƵȫһµġ
ף
߰ף
һ·ԽԽ뺣ҲԽԽԶΧһƬ谵ѹҲԽԽ
ں֮УٵĲֻ֯вΧˮѹԼ⡣
֮Уûпġ
ҸҶóɣ
彫Լľɢޣһ߲ͣ̽źףܵĶһ߶˵
ɫĹڣһܿȡ˳֮ǰָ˵ֵģɫҶӣ
صôطѾĵص״޶֮У޳ġ
ֶصҶƬֻҪκλ£Ϊʹṩһʱ
ҼסҸǵҶƬֻܼʱҵʱ䣬ʱ䣬ΣһҪ񣡡
ͨͨ˵
š
˶˵ͷһĨɫ
һǧף
һǧף

ٶԽԽҲԽԽĸ֪У֮нһЩδ֪
岢ûЩ֯һҪݵ㣬ҲƻģؼطȻķ
֮ǾҵԴͷرǸδ֪ʱմš

徫߶ȼУʶżغǸ޴ĺУƬڰļ֮УΨһĲ
һ·ǱʶӦУڷһЩһĶ
𣡡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬һ˻˷ѸٳһЩصӴӰЩӰЩƣͨףֻбǺڵģҪҪӴöࡣ
ֹˣǵӲȣҲΣգ޷ൽһķ롣
ˣ
һָ絶׼֮ǰһЩͨͨɱ
һ£
͵ʱһϤͻȻС
֪ʵǿҲ֪뱣ǣǴ󺮳ֻǴƵ飬ҲϢϢأ
ɫĻڣŮͻȻ˵ˣɫ֣ޱȣ
ЩͨвͽɣһивͶҪȥԸڴ֮ǰ㲻˹ⲻҲǴĿ𣿡
һʶŤͷһֻۣ˷ԨģʩɺͨͨԼĵ˵ͷ
ȻҲе뷨
Щ֮Уÿ˶ϣܾԼһ𺮳
ã
岢û˼̫ãܿ˵ͷͬʱо񣬳
ԽӽĿĵأΧʱսƺ͸žԽԣԽǿңȷʵ̫ġ
䣡
ֻƬ̵ʱ䡣һͷͷеٿѸ˷˹
ЩÿһУʮ׳ͭƤǡһ飬µ
½Щ޻ûʲôвں֮СЩȴɱ֡
䣬ĺУһͷͷޣųˮ֮˷˵ķ
ǱݣѾﵽ˻侳ļ
˶ǵǿߣһͷ޻û̫вǧƵ޾ȫͬˡ
Ͼ֮Уÿ˵ʵܵ˼ơ
˳Ѿ˿Ժӵˡ
һȺ
ܵ˷ޣŮһϣüĿɷʮָϸУָһһ̣Χĺˮ۳ɱΪһ೤ָϸȴƥϸ⡣
ݣ
ֻһƿˮЩ೤ı裬ڳ͵ɲǣƿնϮ˷һͷͷޡ
ŮǵǿЩ⾫׼Ĵ뵽Щ޵֮У˳Щĵط޵Ժûڡ
ֻۣһдѪЩشһͷͷѪӿôӴ壬ҲھʹĴ̼¡ҵķ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ЩƤףź渡ȥ
ʮͷʮͷʮͷ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䡣ֻһ׶ͷޣŮĹ׷ױʼûκһͷܹʮڣ


ڶǧʮ ż
Ů㣡
ŮȫעԸЩ޵ʱһͻȻӶߴ
ֻ˲Ϣʱ䣬ûŮӦһӴģƺƵ罭纣ӿӿ뵽Ůڣһ̣ʩɺԨģ˷׷׳֣Ů
ŮʵѾﵽʥ侳۷壬ټ˵İʵǡ
ˣ
âһΧ֮УŮ۵ķıѾһ飬һεķȦ˷
ݣ
ݶХУһһޣûп׷ױŮ׷׻ɱ
ӴǿԼĽĤҪǣضҪһֽţŮĹʽЩһ޴ʩչ׷׵С
һһֱעܵĶŮȫӦ˵ͷ
Ůǵİٵ谭˺ܶ࣬ȫ٣ٳź׸ӦеģӴԴͷȥ
һǧ˰ף
ΧӿˮԽԽ䣬ڣ˿һЩһĶ
ʲô
˵·ƬԶļ֮У˶һӴģǳֱʵĽǽﴣڰɫ֮УΧһȦֱ֮Уǳ졣
һӣΧʱ˵Ŀ׷塣
оʲô𣿡
аŤͷԼͽ
йӴΧʮķΧȫֹˣʱ֮ͻƣ
üͷƬ̺󣬿ڵ
һֱڹ۲·ĺףȻ֮ǰû̫ĸоһ·ִ֮ĸо֮У·Χڣԭ͵ĺͻȻ֮һ޴󡢼Ӳġʯͻ
岢İʱս
ͨĳ󷨻ԽΧڵʱն㶴쾳ǿߣƬΧڣҲ޷Ĳٿʱ֮ȻҲͻ
ʥµģʦ
Ҳ޷𣿡
а΢΢üͷЩ⡣
֪ܹɱ̫ʼѾ˵һС
Ǿû뵽ȻҲ޷ͻƬ
֯ƻĺĵشȻǿķֶΣ⣬ӦûʱմŵӰ죡
忪ڵ
ʱմŽͬ磬һ˵ĴӦЩڡ涴
ӴΧǿĺʱմҲȻӴ
־ʱմΧʱչȻܵӰ졣ȻþȫܲٿʩչضżΣԡ
ԷȻҲ׼ѾԤˣܻҵͻȻ롣
¼ﵽ쾳ǿָĴУʮа˾ŵĻǷġʥʣ
ӦֻһΣھ棬Ӧ֯Լġ

еˣ뼫غ֮󣬾ҲûзκεϢⷴԽȷǾ
⴦еĹؽȻǸԼµڡ
ֻҪ룬Ȼܹ뵽档
ܷڣҲҴ⣬ȫķ׼ɫĻһ㲻ϵļӹ̡
һˣһУĴ뵽˺׾޴İɫ
¡¡ĺ˷ӴѹӿͬǧѵļѹĦɫ̶ֻ֣ʱɫѸ֣âҲ
ɫڵˣҲΪ֮ɫ䣬һоһӴΣա
Ҳʱһâ䣬һȦɫʱ֮ţѸڱŷѸٽΧ㼷ѹĻ֮ų⡣
ϸȥͻ֣ᷢʱ֮ǰгȻͬڰɫʱ֮棬һ֣ЩӵֵӰ£ʱ֮Ȼ͸һ˿İ׽ɫ֮УȻ̫ʼ֮ǰʩչʱ֮żơ
ʱ֮
̫ʼ϶ģö̺һͨ
̫ʼǿģ˷͹֮л̺̫ʼһּ䣬ԼһЩǿľѧ
ʱ֮֮һ
¡ûκεԥڴһͨͬʱˣ֮ͬһ㣬˲䴩ΧֲĻҵشû뵽˺ǺƺƵƾ˵İɫ֮С
ٶȼ죬ľչޣΧеһУӳԺ֮Уֻ˳䣬ڻҵĿҵһȫͨ
û˷ӦâһѾ˳صļ֮С
ˣ
һɢɫĹ֡
⴦صĺ׽пյģȻϵİ˽֮󣬾Ȼû⵽κϮ
û˵һ߱־裬һĬĬ
ͬҲڹ۲졣
ڵĵطһ谵ĴյģǲȫûйԴƺɢһЩâ
Щͷˡ
³һܣͻȻߵıԵǰ̵ͭǽڵ
صĺ׽שʯṹͨͭɡ
᷺ͭɫǽڹ˼ʱ֮Ľ
³ĻҲ׷˹ȥҪϸ۲졣
Ȼû߳꣬һͻȻڴְȴֽŵķΧУԵüֲ
ǡ˹ǣ
ܿ˾ͷ˶ߡ
֮ǰ˸ոյִнţûע⣬صĴ֮УϾȻɢŲٿݹǡ
ΪʱԶԭʬǲֻһЩ߹ǻ­ǣ̫ණ
ô£ôôĿݹǣ
ͻʴ󽫾ӵϼһݹǣĲ졣
Щ˵𣿡
ڵܵ֯ˡ
ԣ뺣漫˼Ҳ˵û˻ᵽǣҲѽ뵽ô֮У˵ˡ
֯ĺĸأһִע⿴ܵǽڣеĺۼǷ򶷡
Щ¹Ҳе˵ĺۼ
ʱһϵ˶𣬴սڵ
Ҹо⴦Уǿ²ǵһִ֯Կˡ
õĿޱȣ͸һֶĹâ
ˣ
˵ʱͬķһ̣ƺʲôָһţԶһ㡣
һһͻȻεض𣬴ӾʮಽһصĽ䣬ڿշС
ͻȻľٶ˵ע⣬һ̿еĶ˶ƤһжȻ¶һ˿ݡ
ǾȻһƺɫʽӣѾмԶؼס
ؼױȱܵشֻһСֲ


ڶǧʮ 
ҪĻ˶ݵǣؼ׵룬˷˼ϵ׭֡
׭Ƶʱڵô
ÿڵɫࡣ
õһ䣬ĵģ˻࿴һۣ˭Ҳ˵
˵ǶԵģǾζھԶʱ֮ǰͬйٸֽ
ΨһǣǳĿʲô
ѵ˵ǸʱҲѩ⣬٣
ǸʱڵĸҲһִ⴦˼ļغֹЩ֯ˡ
˻࿴һۣӶԷпͬ뷨
жȷģҲζֹ֯һҪء
֯½ĴУ
쿴Ǻ˶
˼ʱһС
ԵһŮҲһЩ
һĺǣǽһһĶ
Ůг壬ֻǿһۣܿ콻С
Ǹȫ֣ɲֽȻͬԭĶҲֻǲпܽ
ͭȻƵʱ򣬵ڻУõȴͭɵͭ䱡ȴ𻵣һֻлʹʷٲá
ֶ٣Ҳֻ⻹ǵһο
ثǾͭ¶һ˿̾
ʮǰث;ϴﵽ۷壬֮󣬾Ϳʼϲоֻһ࣬ⷽ
ⷽثԶˡ
Ŵʶ𣿡
³ˡ
ֲֻ̫ϡһЩֲκʱ죬Զ֪Ĳ֣ܹ³һЩ
ث
¹Ƶ뱱аħƴѵСҾͱʶˡ
ثüͷã֡
˵жġ
﷢飬ϸмءȻ֪ǲ˼غе⴦طʲôǴĽ²ֹۡ
ΨһǣʧˣǾζš족귢ľƻɹˣ⡣
壬ҲǵûƵʱڷֺ٣顣
ǳɹˣǰؽȻڣֱǽ
˵Ѿ̫಻Ϊ֪飬ҾЩϢƶϣºʷϵļźܴ롣
˭Ҳû˵˼һȫ䱸ǰ롣
ֻƬ̣ڵһطµķ֡
ôܣⲻǶͻʵ𣿡
ܿ죬ʩɺо¶˾ݡ
֮ǰݻƵʱڵЩǿߺżʱȷʵ൱⣬ϾĶȻûô
ڵڶֵĶȫʩɺе뷨
УͬɢһЩʬǣʬ֮ҲһЩ⼣߰ߵס
Щ׹ӾԶĶִķԼ׵ʽɫǺͶͻʼΪơ
ֹˣЩĹŴǿ߻һЩ顣
ʩɺֻǿһۣͷĹŴֺڵͻķơ
ʩɺȫԿ϶ЩĲԭŴµġ
Ȼʩɺ˷˼ǣԭԼĴԭ뿪ԼأִôңԶĵط
˵ﻹǾһǧ˰ٶ׵
ʵ̫ˣ
˴ûеĹؽȻԼϢϢء
ǹū֡
ֻǿһۣжʱһͷ
׼ȷ˵ԭʵûйҵĸǲ벿䡣
ͻʡеĸһҲΪͻʺ͹ŴūʲôѪԵϵϵ
ǶڲԭϵĲ˵ֻҪƬԭϣǾͬһ䣬һ˵ʩɺΪūԼĹŴҲ
һ·ǰ˵ķԽԽࡣ
ǡ
ܿ죬ŮһŮ˵ͷΡ
һЩɫĽƷͬʱǶһЩʯģۼ
Ŀģһտɫıѩˣϸȥ澹Ȼ̺һ֪ϸС󷨣ǳء
ʲôǱɲĹŴ𣿡
忪ʵ
ɲ䣬˽Ⲣ࣬һ㶼ĬɲʷԶҲû̫¡
ǰΣȻô򵥡
ţ
Ůͷ
񻰴˵еĶʱɲ䴫˵мԶĻԻʱǸʱԶʤǡ
ʱŮǱŮӵмǿıϵͨԶɲŮƷ
ŮڵʱͳżԶԶڵɲ䡣
ڵʱڣر⣬ҲɲľѧҪԱϵͨΪԭ򡣡
ڴ˵УŮаħս
Сʱеĳ˵Щ˵ֻΪ񻰣û뵽Ȼġ
Ůһص
һƬȻУɲᣬͬʱҲǵǳġ
˭Ҳû˵ǾȻһνǿʱ
⣬˲һƷŮڣֻɲŮܹʹá
Ů˵ţǶͷϣ˾ȵǣǵﾹȻСŮúʡ
˲Ļں棬һ̣âһŮһɼȱ뵽ͷı֮С
һտɫĹâ̫ҪҫۣȻ֮䣬ǶбʮĹâûɫ֮С
ôһɲ˶̲ס۾
ȻÿȥҲ죬ֻ֮䣬ָֻ糣ֻǰŮȴȻһ䣬ͷһͻȻ仯Ϊһտۼı֮ڡ
տɫ֮ڵӳ£Ů˵ʴ䣬֮жһʥ߹Ȼַʡ
ֹˣŮϱϢҲٳ߸ͷһ֮ǰںսĵҲȫ
ͻȻı仯˶Ϊ֮Ŀ
һ·ǰ˷ֵĶԽԽ࣬еżһЩڲͬʱһЩȴͬһʱ
ںĴ֮У˷ԽԽ༤Ҵ򶷵ĺۼ
жһָоȻһα֮ڴƵǿʤ֮Ϊԭżһ
ʷУĳжԶֹһΡ
仰˵󺮳ϯ½Ĵ±ĻҪࡣ
һУƤһһЩϤ֡
ʥһ꣬ַħ񡭡
ЩϤ֣üͷ˳˼
ûǸѾʧʥ
һʯ׹Ужʱ
֯µ񣬻˵ʷĲٿأ±κĶҪöࡣ


ڶǧʮһ ĺ޵
ҵˣͨ
˼ʱͻȻһУһ·ǰµķ֡
Щľͷһ˵Ұ֮С
Щںĺ͸ź֪ͨ
ˡȴ֪ضΪ֮ͨУʼͷųһɹǿҵʱղͺ
Сģ֯Ӧþڸ
йâһ£ܿعѵ
Ӹոյڣͳƽȴţһоô򵥡
ЩеʬѾ˵⡣
ڵİֻǱѩǰƽѡ
һǰ棬Ƚ뵽Ǵ֮ͨС
֮УԶеĺ䣬棬һɺⳬŵ״ѪҺҪˡ
ɺԵֵ
ֻһ˲ͱһЩˡ
ȻǴֱʣ
ɨһķܿͿ˶ߡ
⴦Ͽڼ֮УʵԶˣһ̤𮵽͸оˣһǿұ仯ʱղ
̤һ˾Ѿڼ֮УҲǴĹŴ֮С
֮еĽֻһڵζѣʵϣֻͨطġڵ㡱ͨķԼǰʱղ
Դͷʱմţ¸Ǳ֯ĳʱ
ﺣ֮ϵġʱմšȣѾȫͬ
أӸӣҲӵҪԵģ֯˵ҲӰȫӲױ紳룬ƻ
˵ͬҲζŸӵΣգ
Ϊ쾳ǿߣû˱ףһʱգ߸˿һвǷǣʱս³
ﾲĵģҲɫƺоʲôûκһ˺ˡ
һһ̱ŷڵΪһǽΧ
Զûб߼һ֪ܵ˼ĸţ޷ȥľ峤ȡ
ֻһɲַ·ͣâһȴ˳

ӭ棬Хǰһ֮ǰУκһӴöĿռ䡣
ȥһƬռŰϸѩĭ˴ϣž졣
ôһ˲˸оƺ֮Уص˵رıԭһ
֪һֻǴѡ
Ѿĳʱˣһʱ֮䣬Ҳжľλá
ϸĴΧһۿľǺĺ
һİģʮ֮ǰĺռ䣬Űĺ磬ΧǺ޴Ŀռ
͸ܹģĿӿԼһЩĴζ࣬ļһ㡣
ȴһƬ侲֪һУֻ֯˶ѡ
ߣǺֶΣ
ЦһĿʼձ
Էֶμߣ⴦ռܺ嫵ĺˮԼ滺ζ࣬ȫǶԷԼͨӺ֮а˶
һȻȻͬҽǣ޺ۼͬΪ쾳ǿߣƳߡ
ֻһ˲ͻع
Ŀһɨע⵽Χռһžʮɸߵ޵
֪ΪʲôЩ޵ɲǣͻȻ΢ĸо
СģЩйŹ֣
ʱа˵ͻȻڴҶ
һаҲע⵽ЩռԵĺ޵
Щ޴ĺ޵κ֪ĺﶼȻͬûκεмع
ͭɫƤһھ޴ܼķ·ֵҶͷϣȻֻﲻе۾һ˫˫ɫͫͬһڵķƺڿˡ
аĲ
Щ
һͲ˹졣
Щԭʯûʲô𣬵ǵ˽⴦ռ֮󣬾ͺ񴥶ĳֽƻǻأоЩ޵һɹصģԭ˯֮еһ㣬Ѹѿҵõ¶㣬׳
ˣ
Ŀкһ붼û룬һ˳ȥɽһ㣬˲ͽǰĳɷ顣
Ƭɽȥõǡ
ү
ͻȻĶһ
оȵʱ򣬺ܿ죬ͻ𡪡
꣡
һͻȻУû˷ӦΧЩûбĺ޵ͻȻ֮ͬļһһӲǣ׹
ǼӲƬڵϣһϵ
𣡡
ռ𶯡𺳵ģŵĿУЩԭնĺ񣬾ͺʩħһͻȻ֮һ׷׻˹
Щ˼ӲƬ͸ͭɫͬһ㣬һ˫ĽɫͫԵ͸˿˿ɺ죬ضŴڵˡ
ڣһڶһһӴ˷޾ĺܵǣ׷׾̺ûڡ
˵Ƥ£ЩޣɢϢѸԾ˵ٶ̶ʱʹﵽļµĵزٶȿ˿ûֹͣļ
ͣһ͵ſڣ˿ǹİɫ¶棬Щռĵϣһ֮ļӲ
һĻһƬȻ
ЩԶǱϵ
ǣȫܹӿռ֮мȡﱾǺ㣬ռﵽţŨҵ˼ı
ҲζţһЩĺ޾ܹԴԴϵĴӺмȡϵ׳һֱƣݵսȥ

˵ʱʱ죬Щ޳ֵͬʱһĵ쳹ء
û˳֣߸ߵĻʵԨģ˫־ٹ󱳣˱ϵг
¡¡
һ춯صľ졣գ֮䣬ǵգһ̺żȻݺգɽ֮ƣݺݵĴеһͷͷغޡ
ԨǸ߾ʵۣǵеĵ۹۷ǿߣʵԸͷӦò⣬⴦İĻһЩѡ
˶ôģҲΪʵȻ׽
Ȼʵȴȫͬ
䣡
һЩ޵ϣľȻǽĺЩζѪ֣ȴԶûĵز˶㲻ϡ
ôܣ
һĻԨɫˡ
һ̵嵯ָܹ֮׵ĽЩ޵飬˵ЩӲӦòǵߣ̶ֻʱ䣬ЩѸĺޣ˴ı֮󣬾ȻӲֵز֮Ҫ
һα֮У֮ͬУԨʲǿģҲߡ
ôҲû뵽Щ޾Ȼǿֵز


ڶǧʮ ͨ
ֻһ˲ϣ𵴣һɵĽ֮֮ǰֹ֮ٴպݺ¡
𶯣գ֮䣬Щصĺ׷ΣȻأһ
طЩ죬ҾҵԴͷ뿪
а˽Щغޣڵ
ɫصĵ˵ͷһ̣Ҫ뿪ʱ򣬹鷢ˡ
¡
а˵ǧгεĺʬ壬·ܵĳǣһ㣬ͻȻںı
ʱ䣬һɰ˷ӿ뵽Щ޵ʬУֻգۣЩʬѸٵ͡
𣡡
һУһͷͷµĺ޴һʬ˵ǰ
һɲǣƬռеĺ˱ʮֹ߰ʮͷͬĺޡ
Щ޲Ÿոճ֣㻢ĶסˣĿⱩŰޱȡ
𣡡
û˳֣һк޻ֱԾ
Щ˳ͬʱ¡˺ʱͨȻرգһεʱձͻȻͨܡ
ϸȥֻ渽һССط󣬶ĸŤ
ֹˣǰռһͷһ¡ľ촫ͬʱԭǿҵʱղ·ĳ谭һ㣬Ѹٲϵ˥
ãͨڹرգ
˴峤ɫһ䣬ͻȻе
ӿʼڣһֱܹоõԴͷϢһ̣ϢζͨԴͷĳڱжϡ
˵ʲôϢ
ˣｻǣǾ뺮Դͷ
ʱ򣬸߾ʵԨͻȻڵδ䣬һͷ޳ȥ
֮һֱ̫߾ʹ֮ǳУǰ忪ʼ˫֮䷢δģսһ̣Ԩû˿ԥѸͦ
ע⣬ǵĿǾסЩޣǧҪǣ
ҪΪȡʱ䣡
Ԩһ߰γ˫סмͷޣһ߶˼
£˵ʵսʤЩޣֻסǵĻǴ´ࡣ
Ͼ˵ĿĲսʤЩ޻ǻɱǣǽ
ֻҪﵽĿģһжҪ
аˡ˴峤뿪ǿӦ
ʱ˿̣ʩɺŮҲ׷׿ڡ
壬Ⱥаǰ뿪ɣҺԨǣ⡣
ʱ³Ҳˡ
Ȼ˴˻ΪУʱ³Ҳɵöһ˿壬Ĳ˵ٴʱ˿̣Щֵ𾴵ġ
ã
ѸȨƬ̣ܿ˵ͷһݣѸٳԶĺԴͷȥ
꣡
ʱһĴͻȻӺ󷽴
֮ǰĺƬɢڵأһ˲䣬ЩƬ˹Ϊһ䶯Ѫ⣬ۿɼٶȲ
Щ޵ΣճԽ󣬰̶ֳȷչȥٹһʱ䣬⴦ռеĺ޿ࡣ
ȴûлͷ֮ȥɱЩޣ취ƻԴͷ
³ǵΪ޷սʤһʱҪԱĻǴ´ࡣ
ϴ峤ϳߣ
ͬʱаɫأ䣬ͬӥ𣬽ĮĮѩԶȥ
ã
ܿ죬˴峤ҲεضѸԽ⴦ռ䣬ʧԶ
˴峤жûд⴦ռĺ޵Ѹռڣ֯ʩӵЩǿ󷨺ͽȫ
˺ܿ쵽ռľͷ
˾Ӹ£һ۾ͿӲıϣһ޴ۿɼٶѸС
һʱͨһرգ֯ٴο˽ٽС
ͨһرգֻ޾ɱغޡ
ȥ
âһ塢аˡ˴峤ٶȿ磬һ˸Ѹٳž޴ѩʧ֮ǰû뵽С
˴峤˴ͨһͷĺˣȥȴĺ˸УдԼ¹ּǿߡ
Щ˵͸ײкѪƺȴܾˡ
ϣ˴󷨣Щ˸ڵӦ
˽Ըоڵ·𱻱һ㣬ࡣ
ߣˣǵǺܾˡ
ˣһվǰİ벽ĺ죬Ц
δ䣬˲֡
䣡
û˿ԥкƴȫһֲһеķʽ˷ĹǵأɽûиκܵĿռ䡣
ֻһ춯صľ죬˵ʱʱ죬һʱ֡
˲Ϣ䣬˿籩Ĺǲʱϣ·һ᲻ɴݵĳǽȫ
ͬʱЩ˱ȫͬʱâһа˺˴峤ͬʱ֡
ǧ
ݺᣡ
һʱһʱͬǰ񹦺ǧа˺˴峤Ѿ벽죬֮ǰͬն
¡¡
ֻǧ֮٣ɽһҵıըУ˲ҽţɿֲ׷ɡ
Ȼһ֣˴峤аȴ׷üͷ
һԤкܴ𣬱С˺ܶࡣ
Ǵкܴơ
а˺˴峤Ķ
ٺ٣ҲǿħأֱѰ·
ʱ򣬸ոձ˻ɵĺЦ
˵ûȷʵǵ˵һǿµĴӿ׷ûЩڡ
ܿ죬аˡ˴峤ĿУЩϵۿɼٶѸٻָ
һĻ˴峤аˣ׷ױɫ
ȥֻ˻֮ǰһ
ַʽסǣǵʵ
аɫأͻȻڵ
Ȼǰĺ࣬ΪҲԶûдﵽ쾳Ȼ޷вǣЩ˸ҪսʤǣֻҪǵʵǽһأЩֱ̫ǿʱΪʵĹ󣬱ذɡ
ֻҪʧܣн˶֮أֹˣһĻеر硣
ɱǣн˵ص˶ֻ·һ
ʱǰһһЦ˲ɱˡ
ͬһʱ䣬˷׷׹Юƥʽ˺Х
û˿ԥа˺˴峤ɫһͬʱ𶯣׼֮ǰһٴγ֣ʱͻȻˣ

кһһ̤Ȼа˺˴峤̤
һֶ̣Ȼңָĺˣͬһʱ䣬һӴľ籩꣬бŷ
籩
Ǽ䣬һӴľǵأʵʣڱŷסռ䡣


ڶǧʮ 㣡
Ĳٿ£Щȫһ򣬺ݺײЩ˵ԺС
һʱһʱں̫ʼսֵ֮õĹľȻ֮ǰȫͬն
䣡
һ̣а˺˴峤ŵ鷢ˡ
վ࣬ʵĶıʽȻͬԾܹشԷöԷľң£ҪͨĨɱԷװ쵽
˵Ҳˡ
ǣǰһȫ˵ֻ֪һ죬ǰڱľ籩ײ֮ͻȻȻһػ
а˺˴峤ĿУ˵ɫѸٷףһ˫ҲĿһ㣬Ѹʧȥ
Զûһľ׮һӲ˵ڵء
һĺ˽Ӷ׵ķ׷˵ڵأЩ벽ĺҲ޷⡣
ô£
а˺˴峤סˡ
ʵȷʵǿҲӦôǿңЩ˵ı־ͺܵһ
ЩЩŹ֣ǵȱȫЩڵ̫ʼ
建ڵ
ڵʤʵԶа˺˴峤֮ϣŸһ̤оۼĺڣۻ룬ʵǿ󣬵ǵȴһ㣬Щȱûôǿ
һ΢ǰ벽ǿ˵
Ȼ֪ʲôǶԸȱĶ֣弫о顣

ХӿһǹڵϣֱֻջأȥΧǧɵķΧһƬţкȫڵϣһ
Ͽû⵽ʲôˣΪƣǵڣеɢʧ
ҵĲ²ⲻЩӦýֻ棬򣬶֮սǿӦԶֹЩ
建򶨡
ǰߺԴͷУصͰ벽ٴﵽʮ֮ࡣ
ҸоǸĳЩʵʧƷ
һ䡣
֯ϲиʵ飬֮ǰʳ۹ľ޾ţֻǼرԭЩϹŠ꣬֯ڲЩѧ忴ĺۼ
ʵȻͻʧƷոյЩ˿֮һ
ֻϣܶ˿¾ʵ顱ֶûʲôرĸڸ
Ǻǣǧ޽еĻ֮ӣһ۾Ϳʵֻǿ»ǰһ̫ˡ
ҪԴͷûôס
ʱһͻȻռ
ڼرԭгֹһΣ֮Ϣٴа˵Ķ
¡¡𶯣һ̣˵ĸ֪УռһӴţŷ
ʱյĵصһӴ󷨼תѸٸıƬս
꣡
һĴУ飬ڶԭѾɢ꣬˵ڵصĺǣ˵Ƥ£Źһӵ
ֹˣâ֮ǵΧʮ˸֣һϢǿޱȣɵвƺ֮ǰӴ
֮ӣ֪ʵǿ󣬲꣬лгǧɢǵٴΣǶԲϵĽ
ҵҪ㵽жͣ
Цţܿٴʧ
ΧЩٴθĺ˿зһҰްĵͺٴˡ
ͬһʱ䣬֮ǰܼĹǵأɽ˷ϯ
䣡
ûЩ˱ĹǼ䣬ָһţһӴľʵʣˮһ㣬һȦȦ˷𵴿ȥ
ֻЩոոĺٴεȥֻЩ֮ȴûͣ֡
¡һ̣һ٣һɰɫʱ֮ŷͬһʱ䣬Ƕ쾳ǿ󹥻ʱգȻŵصصӴ󷨱ȥ
Ұŷǹȥһ㸴ӵĿռṹͻᷢ˽µĵһӴ󷨺Ȼţĳֹɣһɹ͵رЩ˵֮С
ֻǵһɹ޵
ڰеֱ̫ǿ߲û˵ѣ֯ﲼµķֶԶеҪǿöࡣ
ŸոջɱЩرռеĺˣѾʼת׼Щˡ
ʵǿͣľҲһּĸɡһֱôȥ廹ûеִﺮԴأһѾĵ߰˰ˡ
¡
һ̣û˿ԥһ繦ǿʱ֮֮ƣݺײڵصĴġ
ʱգʵεǿ㾡ȫһѾ߱˻أ˺ʱյ
岢ľתʽϵ裬ֻҪܹжϳ󷨺ĵĴλþͿˡ
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ž޴Ŀ죬ʱ𶯣ֻһ̺ǹ˺ʱյĿռͽӴȻ˺ˡ
飡
ϣԭѾվ׼ٴθĺǣľ׮׷׵ȥ
ȻȻ󶼻ˡܹʮת󣬽ٵһ»ԶԶ
ʱǵϤٴڿռ𣬶˽£صһǿҵٴδ
û巴Ӧʱڵһٵ֮һӴˮ棬Ѹȡԭĵһ
һĻҲɵ΢΢˱ɫ
ЩµֶԶеĿµöࡣ
δʤǰܣΪ֮ǰһһʱϵǸʱǿߴ뵽֯ⳡԴ׼ԶκĶҪֵöࡣ
ߣûô򵥣
Ȼֻһ˲ͻع
ħһߵһɣ֯ʵȷʵԳƵͨ죬ǿҲ̫СԼˡ
¡һһһɰٴڻۣ漴غһΪһľԼʱ֮Ѹٺصס
ˣ
âһڵص׵ĵڶѸϸεǣ屬̺ʱ֮İѸݻȻ˴˾仯Ѹٻһâεʱս֮ƣ͵ȥ
¡ʱպԭҪγɵĵڶӴתܴӰ죬Ȼһ٣ֹͣ
㣡
һĻͻڰеֱ̫ǿҲıɫ
ʵǺֶԶĻҪǿȻԴԴķʽӰص׵С
˲˼ǣַȻɹЧˡ
ֶμǶֱ̫ǿ˵ҲѶȼڴϵķ
֮ԶĻҪ֣


ڶǧʮ ޴ѵԴͷ
ߣҿԸоõʱ֮ǲԶˣ
ɹ˵صתУԥǰȥ
һ·ĸ֪Խ
ֻҪƻʱմеһж᳹ƻҲغκξ
ˣ
Ȼ廰䣬Ÿոǰ˼һ̣ͻ𣬾ǰʮಽĵطâһϢǿӰبǰ赲ס˵ȥ·
֮ӣΪֹˣǲǰģ
Żۣ͵ĻЩƣȴȫͬĺǿߴǰ
䣬ǿ˫һбԶЩµĺɫ䵶
Щɫ䵶мѩ˸һļµĺâ
ǿߣҲ΢΢üͷ
ҲһЩߣ֮ǰЩϸĺ˸ֲͬЩ˵ʵҪǿĶ࣬ȫﵽ˰벽켶Ϊ
ǵȻЩ覴ãҪƵö࣬籩¶ǵҲǳޡ
ߣѰ·
Ȼֻһ˲ͻعɫ䣬ӹһ˿ĺâ
벽쾳ǿȷʵǿٱ֮ǰЩҪвö̫࣬ʼնɱˣЩ벽ǿߡ
ˣ
һ𶯣ͬһʱ䣬һȦһȦɫʱ֮˷ɢȥ
һ£Щ˽Ӧ
˵ʱʱ죬׼ֵʱа˺˴峤ǰӺֹ塣
֯ǳʵǵĿľϣַ֣ͨʽĹ
һ˿һĲпܴĽ
ʱմ֮ǰɹĹ
аһ
פʱԴصǿߺֱ̫ܿĸ֣һֹһ֮ǰ뱣״̬
һսϵеϣϡ
Ҳˣ֮ǰʩɺԨĵ˰һеԭ
ĬƬ̣ڵ˵ͷ
ʦа˺˴峤ʵû˱˵ԷʵǿҲвǡ
ֻҪܹ֣ٵʱ֮ţһоͶü
ǣ
а̸ʱ򣬶棬벽쾳񼶸û˿ԥһΣȷ
ǶȥܾõˣΪ족Ĵʱд
Ƭʱձ˼ǿ͹ʹܵôصƣֻҪܹƬʱգ¸
족ǵǰƬʱգΣκͨ
ħ֮ŭ
ħ֮Ѫ
ʱձѣ
ˮĹǵأϯ
ϷǰҲҰأͳͳҹ
һĻаĿһ䣬һ죬Ű㣬Ȼŷһɺںɫͬһʱ䣬һӴаΪģұ
컯
Ϊ˵еаһˣаȻѾﵽ˰벽죬ΪԶʤ컯Ѿõıѧ
ʱǨȻͬһУڣаȴӵµģǰȻͬøǿҲøӵ˿־塣
¡¡ֻһɽľ죬ΧеĿХͬһ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬벽쾳ĺĿֲͬƥеľ֣ͨͨаϱ÷˹ȥ
ôܣ
һĻ֯İ벽쾳۷ǿ߶ıɫ
ǵĸ֪Уа˵Ϊǲ£ǿҲǿ˶٣˭Ҳû뵽аоȻܹ˿ֲĹ
񹦣
ͬʱ˴峤Ҳѣаͬʱ֡
ֳƣֳȭǼ䣬ͻȻǧľһһգ̺Űİɫ磬˴峤ڱǿϯȥ
а˻˴峤˶ǵеľǿߣս鼫ḻĬԶ֯ǿߡ
ϳ֣һʱ䣬ʧɫϾȻǹ֯ĸ֡
ǿˣ˵£һʱ֮侹ȻҲ뵽˱С
һĻ֪а˺˴峤ʵһʱҪԸЩ˻ʲô⣬ʱ
䣬âһһɫʱ֮˲ڱŷһ̣Ӽͷһ˸ʧ
ռѩĮĮֻһ˲кһˡʵ硱
ˣ
һ̣һû˿ԥͬһӰ˲ʧ٣ʱ
ͨԴصĵ·ϣûۿõʵͨУ֯漰ʱԹϡ
˶쾳ǿߣ˸޷ǿд롣
ҴʵʱմŵĽάֻҪֱ̫ǿ߾㹻ˡ
ӽ֮⴦Դؾû׼κֱ̫µĺ˽С
֯õ⴦ʱԹ临ӣ漰ǧصһʱսṹ֪ķǿд¡
˵ʲô⣬Ǻ嫡һ·ͨԴصĺʱԹԵ
âһһ㣬ʱսṹдƬ̺һ˸⴦ʱԹдȻǰҲȻûȻʡ
¡¡
廹û۾оһ춯صľ죬к£֮صײϡ
ͬһʱ䣬ٴθоϱӼǸİ磬䡢ڰ˻Ϣ
ˣ
ۣһۿα֮еĿꡣ
һӴа֮ߵľ޴ţѩɣֺ׳ͨɢҫۣȴޱȵĹâ
һӴʱԼ·𽭺뺣һ㣬޾Ĵбŷ
Դһ
ǹɺ嫵ȣֶ쾳ǿҲԵСޱȣ΢
ʱմţ
ϯľ޴Դͷʱմ籡ĺʷǰδеĴڡ
һ˲䣬嶼ɵƤһ£ӿһ˿ӵĸ顣
Ⲣһ֪ڣȴһۼⳡ޴ѵԴͷ
ۼ֤һкͲ²ȫ£ߵĸܽȻͬ
ڵˣ
վڱѩĴϣ̧ͷǰ޴ʱմţĿһâ
ֻҪٵʱմţеһоͽˡ
ɫһѸٰεض𣬳ֺ׳ʱմŶȥ
֮ӣǵܾˣ֮أ
˵ʱʱ죬žʱմŷӶȥʱУϤٴ


ڶǧʮ ̫ϣ̫
δ䣬һһˮľ޴һ̣һӰѸСͬɽһ׹ǰĴϡ
â;ʱմ֮䣬Ȼһа֮ߵľ޴ɫ
ɫһֲ֪Ľɣⲿһףȼܵĺɫ棬ޱȡ
˵ģǺɫнյһʮ׸ߵؽ
ǱؽޱȣֱĲ棬赲ȥ·

Хھ޴ɫֵǣӴΪģ˷ϯ޴֮йЮŹĺ̺ͻ棬Ǿ޴еԽͿ¡
ĿУ޴Ƥһһ˫ɫɲǼ䣬һ쫷ĿֲԿ񳱣飬Ĵڱŷ
Ǽ䣬𶯣ռ䶼һͺɽͣѹϷһ㡣
ֹˣ޴ĺɫڣڸоֱ̫֯ǿߵϢ
ҸóƺʲôӦ̫ʼһֱ̫ǿ߰ɣֶ𣿡
ǰ޴ĺɫһƽ
˵ʱ˫أͬһʱ䣬ӴľҲǰĺɫ
ԳƺΪ̫ϣ̫ⲢҪҪǣһ˵óѾΪֹˣһǲκεĻᣡ
ϤĮޱȣȻ
ĿУǾ޴ĺɫ촽һһ⣬Ȼһ˵ˣˣޱȡ
һȺͷ¶β֮𶼲ҳֻ֣֯𣿡
һ
Ǻǣܹ־ȻܹǣϧҪɵˡ
һ
˸㣬ռѾ뿪ȴѣ⣬񲢷Ϊ裬µʱػߡ
ʱػ߻츳ļֵͬʱԵռʵ̫ʼ֮ϡ
ܹʱ˵İɡ
һܿͬĵݣƺ˵ڵѾǸˡ
ⷬҲüëһ
֪ЩŹ֣Ҳûϵ޴Ȼµġ
κζһ漰죬;ûô򵥡
˵ڰֱ̫֯ǿߵ˵޴ĺɫȻ̫ʼҪǿȻţԷƶԼѵĻȻûбҪ˵ƭԼ
˵ʱʱ죬һ䣬ƺҲʧȥģ޴ĺɫҲ֮仯
ˣ
ĿУ𶯣һȦɫʱ֮ȻӴУ޴ɫԺŷ
Ȧɫʱ֮κߵʱչ⻷ȻͬΪǲʱգǸɫһָӴͨ
һ˵Щ嵱̫ʼϵõĹ
ֻǺ͹ȣɫԺֵĽɫʱܹ֮ģҪӵӴ
Ͼ󣬱Ǹı½ľʱմţԼߵ硣
ܹκ߶ġ
¡һ춯صĺذ̹һǾ޴ĺɫȻγڵϵľ޴񽣡
ͬһʱ䣬һɰְɫʱ֮бŷˮӿȣעɫڵÿһ䡣
޴ĺɫӴˣõĹעֱ
ԣ޴ĺɫѾ˶쾳۷壬ﵽһӿֲľ硣
Ҫǣ֪ʲôʹֺɫھֹ֮䶼͸һɾ޴ʱ
¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬Х޴ĺɫؽ͵ĳն
һƴû׼壬ؽ֮ʿһԵĺɫռѷ죬ֹˣؽʱ򣬱ԴһӴ
һӳʱ䡢ռݣ˷еĶȫɿռݵ£ؽ·˹ȥȥͺؽӭȥһ
ռ
ĿһԺжһͷ
̣ںɫǰһȫƾĹǾĿռͿռʹκεܣҪƾεݺ;Ĵ㣬ȫա
ֹˣһһԴع򣬶׾ܹǣؼ亣Ԫ֮ǿԶ쾳ѾԶɾ޴в
ֱ̫ǿ˵ûʵѾԶԶ̫ʼǿػߡ
ˣ
ۿܵĿռͻȻʵʣ·ˮһ㣬ԼźɫؽȥɫһҲе֮ģԴ
ϣ
⻷𵴣պʯ䣬Ѹٴڱһɰɫʱ֮ŷסܷԲڵգ;񱬷Ŀռֿ֮
ͬһʱ䣬һԺһȦҫ۵Ľ֣Ѹټ˴̫ʼĹ֮УһϸСĺӰ廹Ǳ̫Ǭġƽꪡ
䣡
һӹգųͬʱƽѾӹؿռ䣬͵ĺԶĺɫϡ
һ̺ųϵƽͬ޼᲻ݣټ屬ѣһɽͣҲܹɷ飬οһ
ڻƽϸʱշ֮
ȻսȴĽȻͬ
䣡
ûκ⣬ƽػ˰֮ߵĺɫ񣬱һĽǰþԲһ£ǾҲ޷ǰ˿
Ҳֻһɫľܿȶָ
Ӳųһ޴ĺɫ΢ҡ֮⣬ȻͨûκԵĴˣˡ
ôܣ
һĻҲ΢΢ݡ
֪һҲΪˣԽΪ֮
ķеĻҪֲöࡣ
ð׷˼ˣ꾫ɣ滹̵̺ʮǧİССķ󷨣ֱ̫ǿֶ޷׺˵㡣
ʱ򣬾̫ϵĮȻ
κֻͽͣ־ܣֿ㻹һʹࡣ
⣬µֶΣɲֹôһ㡭
ͬһʱ䣬̫Ҳھ
¡
˵ƺĹʲôһ㣬Хɫ˫ĽɫУһĹâ


ڶǧʮ һɱ
һ̣պһԲ״ľ޴ʱձϣâڣͻȻӺɫڵţڶУһ޴ʱձϴӾ෽
ĵһһʱձϴӾĸλϵٶԽԽ죬̶ֻʱ䣬ܵʱձʹﵽһǧӡ
ЩӴʱձϹһεӴΧס
ֹˣȵһн֮ʱպɽХһ㣬һ޴ʱջ֣ɫС
һĻĶʱȥ
ԸоõЩʱձϳ֮ɫķֱָ㲦𣬼Ƕ쾳壬ҪԽҲҪѼľʹۡ
Ƿǿ֮
ӴʹڸӴķʱձݳΪܣġ
ΪƻĹؼԴأ漰½ǧ˿ڣ족Ȼﻨ˼˼һҪػ
ΪԡԪ͡Ϊλ˼ġ족ӵгʱ£ĶȻûô򵥣ѾԶԶԽͨķΧ
ȻˣΪ֮ݵʱ򣬺ɫȴûֹͣ
¡¡һ¡Ӿ𣬾󣬹âһֱִۣԻؽ˳
׵ĲҲ֮仯Ѹٵһʥޱȵס
գ֮䣬ǰľͱһ棬ֱ۵ľ޴ġħ񡱣
¡
ɫؽͬʱ߾٣漴նһָɾķʽһӰѸٳ
ʱ
ʱݣ
ǿʱ֮ݺգͬʱɢͬʱһ
ʱջ֮
;ڣһȦǧʱƬɵĺɫԲʱʱ֮㳯˷ɢ
Ǹߵȼʱ⻷ϣ˴˹һʽĹģʽ
ֻҪһƴһͿԽһ쾳ǿѸˡ
ǿĹĳ̶ֳѾԽ˶Ը쾳ǿߵҪָопԭǡ족ʥȥġ
ֻԼײ˶ѡ
ֲʱ֮ŷĴѸٱΣޱȡ
ֻҪһǷǵ³
ǿϣԶԶԽͬĶ쾳ǿߡ
ĹԽԽĻռ䲻ˣǣռѱµ޴ӣĹֱӲռ䡣
ˣ
˵ʱʱ죬ۿ޽£йâһˣԺĹţͻȻʮΪһ־޴ķϣŷ̫֮ҪҫĹâبǰ
ӵǿ̫ʼУ޷ݻ٣ҲʱԸõķֶΡ
ûõģ̺µƾǲֵܵ˵ģ
̫ľٶУֻǸ翹ѡ
Ѿעټˣ֮ӣ
̫Ҳͬʱ
־־սʤ̫ʼսʤŽ˴£Щʲôأ
Ͼϣ
һȺ֮ս²ٶ࣬սټң˵ҲֻһϷѣһĺ޹ؽҪϷ
ЩͼԪһһվٴκηֵ־
䣡
̫ϡ̫ǿߵĵĮͺɫؽѵأݺ£صնǰһҫ̫Ĺϡ
һ̣ձ޾ʱҲ֮
µǣһԶԶ˵̫ʼ
ˣܹһ᲻ɴݣͲʤ
ʱ޵ʶѸٽš
¡
𵴣ԺǵѸٱ仯ھ޴ѹ£ǵǿӲųƼ᲻ɴݵĹҲֳֵסļ
ϸȥǵҫ۵ĹУһϸ΢ѺۣͬʱһĴ첻ͣشС
ȥ峹֮ʱ
ΪԴǿػߣǿܹһƵ־أѾ˵⡣
Хս᧿ΣۿҪɥھ֮£һ̣벻鷢ˡ
䣡
ڶ̶һ˲䣬־޴ĹͻȻʧΪһϸСİɫ⻷ವһ£ƿն
̫Ϻ̫û뵽ʯ䣬徹Ȼһֲ˼ķʽӾըһϸСʱѷ֮УһĨ磬˲û뵽˾ʧ

ž
ޱȵļž
ټĿռڣͻȻ֮һƬţͻľٶڰ̫Ϻ̫û뵽
֮ߵľ޴ɫʧȥĿ֮һ˲ͣһ
һǿ֮սȻݱ˭û뵽ġ
Ѱ·Ѿˡ
ֻһ˲ʱ̫Ϻ̫˶ʱ
ľٶôڴ򲻹֮Աϣ
һ̷飬ȴ̫Ϻ̫еԤ롣
֮
ʯ䣬һƽƽ߲ͣͻȻƬռ졣
һ漴һɰĽȻӾŷһ˲䣬ͿһɫĽſ촽Ȼ
һ·ӣ֮Զ
ǰն롣
һӴľȫסͬʱһ˫ɫҲѸٱ
䣡
ֻһ˲ŵɫؽ׹£еɫֶһ׹ڵء
ǹɷ籩ǿϢҲ֮Ѹٰ󳹵׵ʧ
ܣ
ۿµľһ˲㱻׵ķϵΪһûõĽʱ̫͵۾¶𾪵ɫ
ԴأػϣҪԽ̫Ϻ̫ʵ˭Ҳû뵽徹ȻĿԻһɱ
ڸõˡ
ʱһ΢ͻȻޱȡ
һ̣һĹӰ磬ͻȻӾſе
¡ֻһ˸ɣû޴ĺɫ񣬶ǰ޴ʱմţֱ˶ȥ
ֻһӣһ̣غ֯ǰʱս˺ԭһ֮Уʱһɫ˷ɢȥ
ʧǰľʹţ˵ĸоʵࡣ
ֹˣ˺ʱս֮󣬾ʹڣڣȻ¶Ӱ
ܣߣ
һĻ̫Ϻ̫ʧɫڵӰֱ򣬷ȥ


ڶǧʮ ű
̫Ϻ̫죬ٶȴ졣
֮
û˿ԥ˲䱬ǿһ
̫ʼϵĹһ¥ʵԶʤ̫ʼ
¡¡
ֻɲǼ䣬һɫĽȼܵ棬ֺɣȻкжڵӰ˲䱻ֲĽɫУΪ顣
ӹȴûѪĴУڵӰӰһأʧˡ

һĻ岻üͷ
ȻЩ⣬ֻһ˲˹˵ı뿪
ߣС󱲡
ЦһĿǼ֪ڰе̫Ϻ̫һܹ
һս̫ʼ䣬̫Ϻ̫̫ʼͬΪֱ̫֯ǿߣһֱĻ󣬱ʼյݣʲôûбֳƺϣ̫ʼȻǻ˲Сĳ
Ȼ뿪˵أֻ߷ٿһС
Ȼֻһ˲ͽ֮Ժ󣬻˾նɱ̫Ϻ̫ķҲûκܹ赲
Ŀ⻺̧Ѹǰֺ׳󣬻ڲͣźľʱմš
ֻҪٵʹţһεĿʹˣĴҲͳ׽ˡ
һǰ޴ʱմţľͻȻһ¡
ôһǣͻȻ뵽ϱӵԼһЩ顣
Ϊҵû䣬ܳһʱ䶼縡Ƽһ㣬⣬沨Ͼǰһ·˵Ľɫܶ¼嶼Ǵӱ˿˽⡣
ļ䣬ʥ󣬴ڽ٣Ȼʱȴûг̫
ܶʵЩУֻΪսң֯ڵǲġ
ѵҲ˴뵽н˴ڣֻǷʲôҲ˽顣
ٲȻΪҽһһƵΣķչϸ΢ƫ
ʯ䣬Ժд˷뷨ͷȴֻǾԽԻ
Щ˾ǴˣԶûа취֪ࡣ
Ǿٵʹţ
ֻһ˲ͻعĿ˾ʹϡ
ﺣʱմŲͬǰʱմѳͣҴűԴһ缳ȡѾҪˡ
ڴȶ£ﺣһ׻ٵ
ˣڲ˶쾳˵Ȼû̫⣬ݻԶȽҪ׵öࡣ
ˣ
һ̣йâһѸʩչˡʵ硱
ǰһѸٵȥȡ֮ص۸ӵʱսṹʵҰ£ǰʱմֳһֽȻͬľ
ⲻһ򵥵ţǱ۸ӣʱսɵȶṹ
һ˵ҲԽͣΪʱմһҪ쾳ֱ̫ǿ߲ܹ֡
ĿѸɨգЩ۸ӵʱսṹ廹һһʮ־ɣʱոȶĴССʱ󷨣ЩССʱ󷨱˴˶ȴֻͬһȶĽṹ
ϾʱմűѾȶĽṹʹһ򹹳һƬȶޱȵļ塣
ǵʱմͬ磬ҪƻűҪӴ
ĳ̶ֳϣƻʱմžζҪͬʱƻȶʱա
¶ڶ쾳ǿ˵ҲǸս
ˣȴһһǰľʱմţû˿Ĳ
ƻһֻҪƻһ֧һǰľʱմ֧ͬͺġ
ԼҪĽҵʹݻѡ
ҵˣ
ֻһ˲Ŀһʱմһָ׸ǴСĿհ׵ش
ǰֺ׳ľʹţƬָ׸ǴСĿհ׵شۡ
˵Ƭǡǡֻġ
ΪֻûܵκʱղӰ죬ͬʱҲûκε󷨲
徫ͨ󷨣ǿָ׸ǴСĿհ׵شζʲô
һе㣬Ҳ̫Ϻ̫ʼʱմŵĵط
࣬ˣ֯˶ãӵжôۺĵ̣Ҳʱմϻ˶˼Լôȥֲȱݡ
󷨱ȱݶô޷Ĩȥġ
ˣ
һΣһ̣û˿ԥǰ޴ʱմС
ʱմţԶֻһεͽṹʵʱնϲ㣬Ȿ͹˾ʱմŵһط
廯ΪһϸСĺӰĿռ֮лԾ֮ڵִǴհ׵ش
Ƭ̣ܿһУ޴ĺɫȻѸٽ뵽Ƭհ׵ش
ָֻ׸ǴСĿհ׵ش;ӴͣѸٲ˾޴ĳͻ
¡
ֻһ˲ʱմ𶯡
£ʲôᱻʱմűĿռ֮촷ۣȻҪƻʱմţûеô򵥡
µĶɲ֪̽ɣҲֻµ߾ֵܹռķ֮
ⷴʱմѵĶ
¡¡
Ӧһԭȶʱմ𵴵ԽԽҡ
ʱմ籡ǺƺƵ޾ĺڳ֮ڿʼ˲һı仯
꣡
ĿУʱմİɫϣѸٳһϸѺۣЩѺ㣬Ѹٳȥ
ԭâ貵ʱմҲϱţâѸ
ֹˣʱմűѾռΪһ壬ƻʱմŵʱʱմڵĿռҲ֮𵴡
꣬һ޴ʱѷȻƾո֣˲Ϣ֮һһ㣬˺ء
ȥֻ¾ʹűʱƬ֯ĪͨٳĿռҲ᳹𣬲ڡ
뿪ˡ
嵹ûںܱѵʱգٵʱմţεҲˣû˺ԴԴϵĹ䣬Ҳָ
ˣ
һݣӲϱľʱմԾ޾ʱƬȵҪ˷и
ִʱշֻ֮Ҫһ£ӲҲữΪ촷ۡ
ȴͥŲһ㣬ɵĴдԽ
֮ӣҪ˵̫磡
˵ʱʱ죬Ӿʱմ˫صǣ̫Ϻ̫˵ͻȻٴؼ
û˿ԺԶۣȻٵʱմţǱһҷɣ
δ䣬ضҡû巴Ӧ¡ǵһƬͻȻŴأѸٻΪϸС΢ͷ۳ƮɢС
ͬһʱ䣬һ޾޺ͺڰ㳯ռɶ


ڶǧʮ صɫ֣
¡¡
һĺУĸӦУԼڵĿռ֮⣬а˺˴峤ڵĿռ䣬³ԨĵڵĿռ䣬ңԶص׵ǴŴҲһ𶯣ֳױļ
֮ķΧ漰ڶʱսṹһʱձаˡ˴峤Ԩĺ³˵Ϊɡ
ֹˣ֯ȻƬԴĳӴĽƣƻʱմŵʱ֯ĽҲ֮
ߣ
ʱȣһԾһΣʧУʦа˺˴峤ڵķȥ
ʧǣͻȻ֮䣬ƺоʲôһ͵ػͷһۡ
𣡡
ھʱմżױǰɲǣһɺڰŰ޾ϢͻȻһ˵ʱ
һǿҵʱղһֻ޴ɫƣһ˳
𣡡
һֻɫľ޴ƷһģǷŭͲʵĺҪ㾡ȫȥ޲ѾĿռ䡣
ֻǾʱմѾռҲѸ𣬲ܶԷʲôѾˡ
ֻϢ䣬һͷһӴֻɫĴ˻ȥ
һ˲䣬忴ֻƮɶյѩԼһޱȵһǣȻʲôҲûˡ
̣ǰʱһΪǻþôһƳĶȴвһ𶯡
ȷֻɫ־ھʱմŶһ磬дδĴڡ
һ˲䣬Ժ˲ӹͷ˺ܶܶࡣ
ֻһ˲ͻعֻɫֵʦаˡ˴峤Լ³ԨĵڵĴҪġ
ʱ䲻ˣ
ԸоõʱѾü䲻ȶ໹ͻ᳹׵ĻΪһƬ޻֮ء
ʱӳȥ˶᳹׵ҷ
һ˸岻˲ʧ٣뵽һʱ֮С
һ֣Ϳʦа˺˴峤벽쾳ĺǿ߰Χ롣
벽쾳ǿ߲֪˶ٴΣַĹ£а˺˴峤Ҳļࡣ
ˣϵȴȻ෴
ܣܣ
ʱԴλ˰أо򣬾Ȼˣ
벽ĺǿɫ԰ףңѾȫʧȥս־
ֹˣܹ֮ڣȫΪռص׵ķά֡
飬˴ڵĻѾʧȥҲ޷Щϡ
룬ڵѸʧǵ˫ִ£ϢҲԽԽ
ǰͬһΣǵѸٵ˥߽⡣
ƻʱմŵʱ֯ľǿ߾Ѿʧȥս
ʦߣ
ĿֻЩͣƬ̣ܿ죬һΣѸٴӵϷһץסʦа˺˴峤һ뿪⴦ʱա
ͬʱһʱС
Ҫˣ
ɹˣ
ټĿռУΧϷѵĹ캣ޣһ·սڣռеĺѾԶԶ˿ʼʱ
³Ԩĵˣȫ䤱ƣѾﵽ˼ޡ
һս϶Ҳʣ뺷ڵϣѻԹȥ
Ѿ·ӣȴûһ¶˿η塣
Σ˴ʱ¶һ˿οϲõɫ
ռڱ˵жѾЧǾܱġ
𣡡
ռڶĹ캣ƺҲоΣ٣һҲѡ
Ȼвٵĺ³ԨĵˣǵʺзŰѪ˻
䣡
ڿռͬʱʮͷĿɳ˹ȥ
Ȼâһû˷ӦһϤϢһ̣һɫٴν˾С
壡
ɫڵǵϤӰһϲѡ
ʱմƣҲѽ֯µĽϽ뿪
ϸ˵֮ǰһɫֻסˣѸУȻʱ֮УͣԾ
¡¡
һ뿪ʱʱշ׷𣬲һ·ֱ׷
վһš
ֻһǣַ·ͣڴظӣԹʱգڼغĹŴС
䣡
û˿ԥʩչˮֿ֮ˮ㣬Ծ˵ٶȳźļرԭȥ
һΣˮٶҪˮٶȿöࡣ
Լ֮󣬰һˮڱɫֹЮˣ˲ڼغ󰶱ߵıԭϡ
ͬʱ¡𵴣ټĺҲ뺣һǧ˰ٶ׵ŴҲ׵ıըҷ
ˣ֯ڼغнݵ㣬׵ĻΪޣڡ

ХٴƬƧ˵ļرԭϣжпѣؼյĸо
α֮Уڼغգֻвܹᡣ
Ǹʱÿ˶Ѿ޷뿪׼
һжѾȥ
˵ǸĵĻһ顣
Ĺȥˡ
ɫĹУ³գͻȻڵ
ʼִƬرԭʱջһƬȫѩڸǣڣƬ޾ŰıѩȴͻȻ࣬Ҳһɿ񱩵ζ
ЩѩҲʧˡ
һԣԨͷͬ̾һ
֮ǰһ·˼лͨ쳹صѩ˵ִʱҲͻȻʧˣֻؼҵ֤Ǵڹļ
û˵ǵҲ͸ͬ顣
صıѩûлȥ˶ܸоóǹ⵭˲١
ٺѾû֮ǰԴԴϵӿ硣
󺮳Ľˣ
ʱжظ
ߣһ֮½ıѩҪڻٻҪ¡
εѾˣڷݣкܶҪ
ԶջĿ⣬һƽ
ʱմѾرգǴ󺮳µ̯ӣҪʱȥ
ү
׼ת뿪ʱ򣬶ͻʴ󽫾ͻȻס壺
Ѿˣ𣿡
˵ʲô
ֱӿڵ
ү˵֯һӴ̫ʼֻ֮һѡһƻǵļƻʱǲоƻˣ𣿡
ͷ壬һ˿ϣ
Уоһ˿Ĳ
üͷ΢壬ʶɨܣֻΧ߾ʵԨġͻʿɺ˹ŮͨͨԼͬҲĲǡ


ڶǧʮ ӣ
ĬƬ̣Ѿ׹
εı֮У˵Ǿһ֯ȫʵҲͰˣȻֻǵһݵѡ
ʣ֯ǿ˸оһ˿Ĳĳ̶ֳƵϿ־塣
һ״Ŵӵֵǿ֯˶־ġ
˵̫ʼ˵ͷϻһʼû¶棬ǿޱȵ졣
ڴ֮ǰĻʵ۶Ϊ׵ĻȨϵĴڣȻЩĨ磬Ĩ֯ǰȨҲֻǱ΢С߶ѡ
Ļʵ۵һθоַĿ־塣
ʽľƻˣֻҪ֯ڣƻеڶĸԶֹͣġ
йâһеϣ
һǣĿɫԻҰ˲١
ȴû˿Ĳ
Щ֯ǰûκģֻз˲ʵʵĻ룬пܶԿ֯Լδѡ
岻֪֯ʲôƻǺʣԶֹͣġ
߰ɣǱ˻ڵš
˵䣬ζԻ
ԨġʩɺŮ˻࿴һۣһ̣벻鷢ˡ
飡
ʩɺԨġŮԼͻȻ֮ɫ׷׵ϥ˵ϡ
ʲô
üͷһ壬ʵ
үضǣǲû˼
α֮Уû˽ʲôǲ˵ȥͨ˸ףʲô֯һ˵ֺڣ
˶Զǵүݶ顣
ԺвǲֻҪүֻҪүƣͿǲǶͻʺжͻˣ
ҲҪ˵ĻԸԶЧүү˵Ķˡ
Ǹ߾۹ҲԸЧүԶᱳү
˷׷׹ڵϣͷɫޱȡ
һĻͻһԵ³˶ûϵ¶㵵ɫ
ѱ֮αжʵ³жЩǡ
֯⻼½绹ǣôľӺͰգǸܴ⡣
ֱ̬˵൱һŶ衣
ǰı̬ͳԺٵ鷳ٺܶࡣ
Ҳ³õˣܹоóʩɺԨĵȫʵ⣬Էθ֮ԡ
ϣʩɺԨĵȴͷ­ʹһ˳
ǲ֪³е뷨εı֮У˵һʷǰ𺳣Ҫ֮ǰĶս
ΪΪۻ
Щ֯·壬Զ֪ⳡĴѣȻЩһɵġ
Щȣ׵ĻȨ̫ˣ壬Ѿûκܹȵ硣
֪УѾΪϣ
Хһǰɫ΢Ƭ֮΢΢˵ͷ

ʱ仺ȥͬʱһطĳδ֪ؿռУӰ͸һ޴ˮۿűԭϵһĻ
϶ߣһҰףһҺڣ߶ͷĺڰ׷ֽߴӡźɫطģޱȡ
Ȼ൱ľȣΪ͸¶ϢȻͺԴص̫Ϻ̫¶Ϣһģһ
˿ˮ¶Ļ棬ֹбԵкԴص
ʱڱʧȥԴӦЩеĺԼرԭһͷͷ׺ޱȵϹŠ꣬ʧȥʯ
֯Ҫݵڳ߽⡣
벻ĳɹˣµľ񶼱ˣ֮ӺĶһ
ռУϴźɫߵĺͻȻڵ
Ƕ̫͹ˣ̫ʼҲˣ̫ʼΪ˸˴ۡ
ռϴŰɫߵ˿ˡ
̫ʼʵ֮ϣ⣬µξƻӦô´ˣϾǰҲû˭뵽
һԣϴźɫߵ̫˵һ룬û˵ˡ
ѾȥжʱˣȻڻ̫ʼһ̣ɸо𺳡
ԽӴƾõ֯Խǹɭϣ֯ÿ˶λ˾ְγɵĹأԶµģͬʱҲܹ֯ôʱԭ
ڴƵ۹λʥ֮ԭΪѾû˿в֯ǶһսȻе֪
֯УһĳԱ޹ؽҪǾһ㣬Ҫپж٣ұе˻ж£Լλᡣ
ǵֱ̫伶һоȫͬ
ԽʱԽþԽϧ
һ߾ֵʱ̫̫ԭһ֣Ͼһ𷢶
ʼնûжͷ
ΪǸ̫Σˣֻ֮һļʣ̫Ϻ̫˵ˡ
˵һ̫ʼǰ֮
̫ǿˣԶƣ¾һ̫ңҪ취
̫ϳ
һ䣬ռʱһƬžһԵ̫Ĭ
ҪԸǸ̸֮ף
֮֮ǰѾԵԿ̫ʼڣʵһ¥񶼱ˣ͸Զˡ
а취ܹɱ˴ȥ
Ͳǲˡ
˵ʱʱ죬ĬʱͻȻ֮䣬һϵռ
ͬѣգпգ棬̲סһη塣
죡
ʯ䣬̫Ϻ̫Ժһͷǿ־Ǿη
ͺèһȫ뵽Ǹ߸ϵֱ̫ǿߡ
ˣ
û˿ԥ̫Ϻ̫ϹϾſһ˵գ
֯ʼֻһ־Ǿǡ족
еһж촴ģֱ̫ǿߵ衣
ĳ̶ֳϣһһĵߡ
죬ԲʧˣԷٵҲˣ
̫Ϻ̫Щ̿֡
飬Ѿ֪ˡڿʼǸص飬ٹֱ̫޻Դ
ž޲ȴֺƴޱȣ𡣶͸¶Ϣȴ̫Ϻ̫𶯲ѡ
ҪԳ֣ԸǸ֮ӣ
Ǹƻʵ̫֮⣬ѾǲʲôܹӣԳˡ
رǣһξȻҪԸǸ֮ӡ


ڶǧٰʮ ļƻ
д˳棬ȻǸһˣǸ֮Ҳˡ
̫Ϻ̫ͬʱ鵭˲١
Ǹ֮ӵʵȷʵǿ󣬵ǣ֣ʾͽȻͬ
̫Ҷҷˣֵܼ֮˶ã
ˣݵĲѾսܣĲҲѾƣּؾݵ㣬ҲУǿѾûпԽõƻѾޱˣ
̫ԥһ£ڵ
ʱմƣҲ֮زۣζ֮ǰƶļƻʧˣҪɹִСƻٻҪ˳ϵ˿ڡ
Ҫôˣ
׼ɣ
Լࣺ
ȻЩݱã͸óԼˣ
ⷬ˵赭д·˵һѰ飬̫ϡ̫˵ĶУȴɲ

֯ڣڽɣߵĻ֮һ
֯սǵľӣ̫ϵ˶ûеȨ
ֻܹ죬˵ۡ
Ϊ۵ľӣ
֯ʷϣƻõĴ޼
ִ֯оƻʧܣѾûѡˡ
ۡ֯һһԲ򲻵ѣ۾׶á
ǣ
ֻһ˲̫Ϻ̫ͻع빪
ܺã
⣬Դرݻ٣ĩӡǴ𣿡

ˣ
ʧܣǾǰĩӡǴˡ
ͬʱ
ţȻƻʧܣ͸ýһļƻˣ꣬ǼɢĩӡҲջˡҪЩͽһֱڱޣô̫ʼȡ
и˽ˣ
к¶һŭɱ⡣
̫ϡ̫ԣǻһͷ­øˣȴûκһ˲廰ҳ
˵֯һξ£ͬҲǼĽɣֱ̫Ĭϣⲻȥ̸顣
ˣҪʲô
˹
ºȥ
仰˵꣬ûκϢ
ֻƬ̣һط
һ磬ȵҽ
¡¡
ҽХĴ±ϣ˰ĺ¡ͬʱŷһң·ܹڻĸ»档
ϸȥҽĺĹռһ˴ȴϸĽҽ֮ݺύ
еȫͨͬһط
ռĵش
ֻǣռĵشȫûڳȵĸ֮УһһɫĽš
ֹˣӿиȥͻ֣ᷢҽռ䣬ֳһȦһȦÿһȦһǿĽ󷨡
ЩɢϢϣǿҪʥھʦµ
ﻹ֣ᷢ˽󷨣ÿһȦ滹һŹϵķ
ЩȫԻƽֽɰΪīдֺڵֽȻͬ͸¶һ϶ǿϢȻǼΪԶʱ֮ǰɡ
Ƿ󷨣еһȫΪֹռĵĶƺӡʲôһ㡣
¡¡
һһ󣬴ӴĺĴһضΪ֮ɫǿţ˷󷨺ͽ硣
ǿ̫ʼ̫Ϻ̫Щֱ̫ǿ߶Ϊ֮Ȼʧɫ
û˿Էӡޣһ죬޻Ʒ
һһ̣һɱ֮ǰκʱҪӴöȻ󷨵Ŀռĵش
꣡
ɿֲĳ£ĵͻȻѿ˼Сķ϶϶֮УһӴ֮ӿ
һŤ仯̶ʱͻ۳һӰ
ֻӰȫɣûκε٣ޱȡ
ֻϢγһɫףֻһ˲Ͼݻ˳ǧ򣬴ССķ󷨺ġ
ֹˣ׵ֱۡԼؿڵλã˴ͼΡ
Ȼ׻ȨУ˵ʵ۵צǾצͬɫϵȫʮצ
һ߷㹻ˣеһҲ˽ˣ֮ӣ޿㵽ǲԤеǸˣ
ƮƮò
һֻ̣һ˸һ󷨺ͽ۳εķʹʧ
ռҲָ֮ƽ

ʱڽ֮к󣬺ܿ㷵ݵش
˱֮У֯飬и߲㽫֮⣬֪һж
ʱĻ̻̣ĸϢֻĸӲȡ
ȫ£Ҳ˶ϡ
֮սԼбǴƵĶ֣λƱʥĿ־壬Ѿ衣
ֻҪڣֻҪǴƵ߲㽫죬ͨʿûκ˸һ˿һսͷ
ڴƺѾη˹
Ҫǣ߷һ֮ȻѾõƣǸѹصıѩȴһϦ֮ڻȥ
ڷشԭҲ޴
ǴƽӼֻ·һ

ʱţգ֮¡
ůػش
ݣƾʦ
˪ѩȥһװ֮ʦԳһ񣬲ֿճһţ¶һɵ۹Ӧеֺ
ԭѩǵһҲ¶ڻݼڻĻѩ˳ܽǣεδ䡣
ҰóľˮߵĳƵ͸ҫڽֱ߰ϲõϡ
Դ󺮳⻹Ǵƾʦһγճ
£Ǹڵľ裬ʼ໥ˮȡ֣ڶ
ݵĴؾˣ
ؾˣ

ͻȻ֮䣬û˿ףһ˷ܵĻͻȻӶǼ䣬·һʯ׹£ʦȻ¡¡ɲ
ʲô
ߣȥ
һ˲䣬ʦŮ٣һĿѩϲ󣬷еĻƣ׷׳Ŷߵĳŷɱȥ
¡¡
ֻƬ̣һԶѸžʦĶŶ
ʦյĿУһ֧Ĵƾӣοգ糱ˮһӿ
ڴǰһŭӰԼһֵĴ죬˵ע⡣

˲Ϣ䣬ŸȺУһ춯صĻֱȽնҪҡ
ʦˣ
ʦˣ
ĻУ̻׷׷գȺвˡˡСŮȫ֧Ͻӽľӣ˷ܵ࣬һѡ
Ӣ۵ĿҲӢ۵Ļع顣
ں٣ݴսЩҹҹ˶ĵ
͵۹Щˣһ˴ƣݣ
ڻˡ
ʱ˿̣ǰһУϤľʦпѡ


ڶǧٰʮһ ĺ
֮սʱ䲢ĸ֪Уȴһִȥĸо
ô»ɽѾݾѲڣǳɴʢת˥İʷ֮Ҳ֮Ρ
ֻҪƵʢڣܹҵٲϱͿ̿ǧĲҾ磬˵ĽͺͰο
ɽ˺ľʦյļеУţ뵽˾ʦڣʦЩݺ˷ܵһ̣о˶оԼĸֵõġ
¼ݵ
ʱͻȻһ߿УΧ˲䰲
ͽĹ£ǰںƵѸڵķ
ϣһӰŻۣĿƽʸ߹ʥһ۾˴ǰ塣
»࣡
ݴսϢõϢؾԴе󳼣ſӭӡ
ãԶҲֻǵʹſڣĹǰδеļ
΢μ£
֮սҲմ¸
ǰ࣬һ񣬺Ͽջ졣
һؾ㾲Χ飬ɽ纣İգ˲䰲Ŀ׷׼еϡ
һ̣˳ؼ䣬ġ
Ǿǳ
֮䣬־Ǽ򵥵ľϵ
ʱգ֮Ѵ¡
ѵӪһֽǵ࣬˵ĵλ
ͬģʱ򣬺ԥƼд壬ͬʱ趦֧֣ɵģҲֻ
˲ɣ˲ãһ㣬ؾͳ˾󲿷־
ûп㡣ҴĹӴԺǰԶ񡣡
ǰ
ĻǼ䣬ΧȺ׷Ϊ֮ݡ
ܣϣЩǳ֮¡
ǽڣо֮Ƕһݡ
Ӻοɼһߡ
ܣŸеľʦյûôֻ࣬Ǵǰ壬˵һĻӡ˵Ժ֮УҲעҪʷš
һʢĻӭʽУȺһ˻ʹС
ʦ֮УһȴԶûнԷĻӭҹ̻񽫾ʦҹҫɰ硣
ֹǾʦݵİն֪˶֮սĺ˻ңԶĴʳڣѾȫڴƵ۹
ֻʷ飬ӰټңԼ˵ͷ̫ƽڱʵ֡
ӴԺ󣬽ҲκսǰδеĴʢ
󣬴ƽԽӵǿʢ

ʹʥܿص˼УͼһһѵõС
岻ս֮УΪս׼һһͬ˷һͣЪ
սһбսˣĺ˻ģûκεв͵֡
ʱգ֮¹ȥ
ֵһ糯ʱ򣬾һ죬Żż룬̫͵С
ֺ׳ۼ̫͵ϣһۣͦĿѩѸϷ
ϣ
һ죬ڣȺ
꣡
Ѿ̫͵еһξ糯ˣȴƽȻͬ
Ӹ£ϷĿ΢ţȥֻУ˴ƵȺ֮⣬ȫԳ֮ڵء
ͻʩɺ߾ʵԨġŮĴ󽫾˹ص۹ĲԼ꣬дʳʵķȫڰ֮С
˹ڵأ̬
Ӵˣ֮ڣĺ˻ģûκε۹еֻдƵ֮ѡ
½磬ֻһ۹ǾǴƣ

ĿһܿջĿ⡣
䣬һ⣬һܿǰͬʱһ̯չһʥּ
ˣگԻ
ĺƽֲ֣ͬĺ԰£
ԨĸĻΪⶫ
ԭگʵ۸ĻΪΪ
˹ص۹ԭΪ
ͻʿɺʩɺλķΪ
ʳ۹ԭ﷢ķ﷢λΪ
ͻʺͶΪ

ޱȣ쳹
л¡꣡
Ԩġʩɺ٤졢Լ˹ּ鹧ޱȡ
ܿܣսģսܣȻ޻˵Ļ׽һЩڲĻ֮УѰ
һսҲ֤˴ƵʵԶԶ֮ϣ½統֮ĵһ۹
սʧܣȻûôԽܡ
⣬ֲĴܶЭ񣡡
³Ϊܶ
Ϊܶ
ͺķΪܶ

ܿ죬ڲַ֮һܶ
ӽԺʩɺԨĵ˳Ϊ˴Ƶү
ʵͳȨȫڴУɸĴܶʹ
࣬Լϵس֮Ľ
κսΪΪƺܱ֮ӲͣЪǧսֻн׹ƵͳϽ֮£ٽʹ֮ںϣʵĳξð
ԴҲ
΢ּ
³õ˷׷ǰ
֮ϣ֮УԨĵˣֻķˣûκ˿⡣
սͶϵһ˾ѾԼˡ
߸ߵϣలϷŴƼĿ̲ס΢΢һ£Ҳɺ
ĺ˻£ͳһ½磬ֻУҪȴûġ
ǿʼʵۣۣ̫̫ڡûκܹõ
һУȴʵ֡
ʣ𣿶ûй
һ̣мޱȡ
Ƭ֮󣬳һֻŸӴгѸٷʹ档
УХһƬů⣬عո£ֻʦѱѩڣһƬϲ
֮У˳ӿ˹ˣдʳˣи߾ˣжͻˡ
Ȼʦдˣյľʦ˵ܶȴԶԶ
Ȼսܣ˴ƣǶ˵ͬҲһᡣ
ⳡƺ֮սʶ˴Ƶǿ󡢷Լǿʢ
һǿĵ۹κ˶


ڶǧٰʮ ˣ
һΣ൱İһ˴½ɱţоߺȽ
ոչȥƵţ򲢲࣬Ǻ˵ţ۸ǳﲻ
ţ򣬵ӣͬھʦод˵İӡ㡢Ҷ˿񡢴
ֺͺ˽Ȼͬʽں˵ͬм
о֮УȻİջӣ˵Ųͬԣ˴֮ȴһƬͣδκεĳͻ
һƣһͻͰε
һ㣬ˣ˷ĳͻҲ
һʱһʱⳡĴսôӮ˵ء
еĺƺһϦ֮䱻ѱˡ

Ÿ񶯣ܿǰԽһ۴αȵķݣڳϵһ¥Ÿ붸һۣɹƾһ£ʲС
һ죬סշµŸ룬Ÿϵżֻǿһۣ漴΢΢һЦ
ôϵһ˳𣿡
ʱһԱߴ
岻Զĵطһѩ׳ȹ·߳һ㣬΢Ц
ţһжѾռƻУѾĻΪҲѾ˴ܶ
΢΢Цûж
֮սѾǳֻҪڣٷҪȫںϣڴƣ¡
ʹƵķϰ߱Ͼͬʱˣ˫֮ȻĦʱȻкܶĳͻζⲻ˵ġ
Ҫͳһ½磬»ضԶ
һƽȻΪŮӣ书㲻ϳףڳΡԼ棬ܹܴ
ֻΪŮӵ츳ܹ͸Ŀǰ״չδܴڵΣ
ǣȷʵ޷⡣
΢ȻһЦûзϡ
˽ĻΪܶһȥӸԲóһ룬ɢƵĸ֮С
̽Ϊ׶ΣֻǵһδеڶԼľӣУҲֻһСĹģ
δںϣǴۻõʱ䣬Ҫﵽ
⣬ѾԸӸسһЩͥѵİգǰܱɻ÷ѣԸ⣬ڳ͢ṩһţ򣬵Ƿһģɳ͢չǵţ
嵭ȻȻ¶һŷ
һԣǹâ˸Ե壬¶һ˿Ľɫ
½磬ģ۹⾳Լȴ½Աġ
ǽͳһĴƵ۹ʷȻʧɫ
ž
˵ʱһ̻񣬰źȺƾ⴫˵ע⡣
¥ֹͣ˽̸Ťͷ档
ֻϣȺϢһɽյա
ٳ¥ʱÿһƶ飬·
ۣƯĻƣ
Ǻ«ҪǺ«
ȺһƬ֣ܹһСӱĸͷϣעȴȫڻϣ·̯еǺ«ϡ
ѾȥսҲѾȥ£Ѿȫ֮ǰĴսȫֽյ֮С
ֻǰĳ˸оʲôûз
ʵҸĻЩͨա
·ĳͻȻиж
˵ͷͬ
ǰܷʲôֻδᷢʲôֻǵԶ̫ᷢ仯ġ
ǳ͢۵ˣֻǸԶһЩ֯вЩͨͳͳ֪ҲҪȥǵġ
ֻǰ磬ֻҪĵһУŽյĻվͿˡ
ôһɲǣĿͻȻһ£ڤڤУͻȻ뵽ϱӵԼ
ǸʱԼǰЩǵİһ
ʱԼֻҪһͣڼҹԼأǶǳԼΧ֮顣
뵽ͻȻ˵Ȼһӣǹ֪࣬Ļûôࡣ
ٲ֪ģĿƾЩ黶ֵİգƺ
ʵڵ£δõģϾδ޷յģܰյֻڶѣǲô֡
ٸп
ֻһ˵һԵⷬȴ˲סˡ
ʶŤͷٵӡ
ʱٻڱ·еĶûע⵽ʲô
ϸٵĲһ˼˶ԿʳԿ»ɽԼ֯ϣҲϰڱıߣṩֺ֧֡
ֱʱŻȻ֣Լƺûôϸȥ١
ӡȣǰôһ㣬ֻǺͼȣɫԵò԰˲٣ûôɫ͸һ˿
˫üҲ΢΢ţ͸һ˿ǣƺԼһͬڵʲô
һżȻһǰδеĴ
ϡУǵõѵӪУǸŮװ緢սԼŮ
һ·ʵԼе࣬ҲͬʵҲϣƾЩͨͨľʦһּ򵥵Ŀ֮С
ЩԼǰ˵
ԼһֱڲͣŬȷʵ࣬ڤڤУҲࡣ
δȷʵкܶΣգ֯Լʱֵܳߴǻ˵˲Ӧֻע⵽Զߡ
Լ¾ͻһһֲһЩźȴµź
ʱԼ׷Īˡ
١
ߵļˣͻȻӿһĨ޾顣
ô
ʶתͷ
޸Һ𣿡
ͻȻڡ

ɫһأһ̣¥ʱ䶼·ֹˣȻһƺʲôٶʱ̲סɺ졣
һ̵ļˣڳӳ£޾ף嶼ɿʧ
š
ٱͷ˵ͷϸš

¡
ҪӭȢǧٵϢʦΪ֮䶯ˡ
ҡҡȨҺšھݴĴԼеĴ󽫾󶼶ڣΪ֮𶯡
ĳ̶ֳ˵ĹעҪ֮ǰս
ǳʷǰĵ۹ս֮Գ½ĿĴڡ
ھݴصĴ˵ǵ֮Ӣۣ


ڶǧٰʮ ý
Ӱӣ»ڣܳҡ
ҪǣôĹѫսϴô漣ôĶ֣嵽ΪֹֻжʮͷδȢ
һӢ۴ܣĻȻܵ˻˵Ĺע
ŮʱΪԼķ廹ѡǧ١
ȻŮ飬ڵ۹ڣ֪׵ģȴûж˾⡣
ٵȻûôԺգȷǻӵܣҲ֮ŮҲҴ壬
СŮ֮ƣ֮⣬оʦһŮ͵һ˵ĳƺš
һ˵˾ɲŮò֮ϡ
ŸϢʦмټٵŮӣеĵҲࡣ
һֱսٶڱĬĬ֧֣һֱͣΪڵսõĺڵ¡
Ϊ壬ٻͼ巢ͻŮ˼ʣ
ⳡͻڣһ¥ģǴƻʵĽ롣
ڵ֪ٵϢ󲻾ãڹϲЦտΪ尵е˵ͬʱྐྵȻ٣ٵ֤ˣ⣬ףҵýˡ
Ϣһ˸ĺ䶯ⳡͻ˸߷塣
ҲĶʱҸۡУŵƽʣò֡
ĸԳ棬ڸϸ߸ߵĴۡѾǣҲһ˸߲ңæǰæ
СүڿϣҪӭȢҹû˱Ǹˡ
˭Ҳ֪СүΪʲôͻȻôϣϣġ
СүΪ۹ô࣬ȻҲӦñ˹飬Ҫ𣬽ҵĴͳӰһȥ
ҵͷȴ£Ȼڻ£һϲ
磬硭
ҵĺҡҷʹöһȲƷ㣬ѵõİУֵܻû˵ϼ仰ССץͽĴƿŴ˽
Ҽҽˣĸ˵ԺǼҵˣҽĺƯȻҪҵɩˣܲھͰסǼҡ
СһȲ
СĻڣλֳ̿
ڵСѾʮˣⷽ黹һϲͨ
飬ֱκ˶Ҫ˷ܺͼͷܵȥɩӳɩӶ̵ġ
֣ﻹûйţôס
Сãô֣ҸͽĴͲҪֶջˡ
һԵĶֻǵƳһСĮޱ
Ǿ仰СһСɷףæĽ˾޴ͽĴصһ衣
͸ҵľҵģ磬۸ңҸĸȥ
СͻȻŭŶã漴ͽĴش˳ȥԶԶĻ
ף۸ң
СĻֵܶҡͷʧЦ
ҾôһŮ£ڣСö֮֮мӡôȥС˲٣ԸǺǰһû˿仯
ܣĳˣΪе
ȵС߳ȥڰеĲ豭Ŷ壬Ե
еõһ԰׽ӣϸ˵Ϲĳģ͵Ǵһ⣬Ϊǵ»ɡ
һ˵ţһ߽һϺ˿İ׽͵С
縸ԽǴļ壬ԽǹɭϣʵӦõһɼҵȻŻֵú塣
ûгɻ飬嵹ҪһӭȢҹˡ
ȴû˿ʣΪеˡ
ʤڵĳɾԶԶΪ壬ҵӰųүүʱûоʹ˥䡣
ԽǿұԽʢԺգ֦ͬһپ٣һ
ϣѧЩӵһԼֵܡ
ܣϲ㣡
õĻҪ򵥵öࡣ
лл硣
ǰλֳӿůѵܹİУҲǼΪġ
磬Ҳһ͸ǡ
Ƭ̣Ҳӻȡ
磬ǵ֮սһܰ»ɽ֮󣬴ϵսףսѾƣһһ˼ȫ֮Ӧܹһ硣
һ̯һöߴСɫսס
ս׺͵սһģһֻǳߴС࣬ԼĿռ֮СĽ
֦ͬ빲׵ģ˵ڵʵе֣Ψһĵľֻмֵܶѡ
ս׸ϣ˸һصԱֶΡ
磬ʹ粻ͬƫعҴЩ֯еİ׻ʥһöǿĹŴ׻ɱͶԸΪϣ⣬׻ʥĸлһŷӵܹͭѹƶϵѪڶкܴ
˵ţһһͷȭͷСİ׻ηл˳
Ǳ֮УںԴشһ벽֯жģԴرЩϿԸĺ˸֣ʧȥƾִֻеķݡ
Ҳ뿪ʱżȻһЩŹ֣һɲԼյʱ֮ڸȡ

ָһһֻ̣𵴣ö׻ʥ񷢳˲Ϣ䣬ţ׻ϣֳһķӵӰ
ɫķӰ֣ʱһƬףһ˵İƽ
һԵĶϸ¶һ˿Źֵɫ
ô꣬ʵҲгĽֻûôԺնѡ
õ츳ؼô꣬һֱڿϵĿѪ֢Ѫ
ֻ׻ʥϵķӰֵʱоȻоһǰδеͣƺڵĿѪ֢ѪͻȻ֮ܵѹһ㡣
۹·˷õķӦַ֪Ч
һеս׺Ͱ׻ʥֱֶ˴Ͷá
û࿴һۣûǫ飬ܿ콫ͳս׺Ͱ׻ʥ˻УѸٿʼ仯
¡ֻƬ̣һĺ
ͬһʱ䣬ڵϢҲͬһء
ܣл
Ƭ֮ͬʱ۾һ֣ص
忴һĻ¶һ˿οЦݡ
ʱ仺ȥ˵Ļڻкܳһʱ䣬ѵõİʱ⣬忪ʼȫ硢硢СãԼʦа˺˴峤ʵ
ڵʵѾԶԶʦа˺ʹ峤Ӱ˼ΣҪ߼ʵŸаӦΣ



ڶǧٰʮ Ѫߣ
ʱ仺ȥһжڰͰĽУٵĻ񣬻һ¡ʱ˿̣鷿֮УһӰΣڲ鿴еĸϢż㡣
үǳ˸֣³ǶԳ˰ǵΪֹûκιں˵Ϣ
Ա֮Уƻ˺ӪأЩ˾תûκϢͶ
忴һż㣬ӥӰУͻȻڵ
ҲΪˣʧˣ·ֻ»иı𡣡
鷿һƬžƬ֮һɳƵͻȻ鷿һ
һӰϴźĺߣĽ˳ʧѾõˣӡ
ҲҲǵټ𣿡
üͷŶ˵
ûвһսʹߵκ˶ͬﺣһ۽һ֯УǱڣݷͼҵͬʱҵ֯ܡڣ
û뵽Ȼ˶ʧȥ֯ټ
̫Ǭ̫ʼɱ֯ڲ˼𶯣⣬и̫ص˷ǳȻûмƺѾʶ˻֯ڲʼڲг顣
⣬ܵɵķ֧ȫͣֱӽɢǱǸ֧һ
˳ĬƬ̺
̫أ
ԣҲüͷһ֡
Ȼ赭дûкϸܹ֪̫֣Ѿ൱ˡ
Ȼ֯У̫Ǭ̫ʼʵ˵ǿߣҲıԺͶǿߡ
֪ˡ
΢΢˰֣漴۾˳˼
鷿ӥ⣬סͬʱȥҴš
˸ʱܳѾϰһЩµʱ򣬶һĿ˼
졭
΢΢ͷ
򵥵һʣ·Ժ
սѽ֮Ҳȫɹ֪ԽԽܣ֪Խ࣬бԽԻ󣬵Ȼ֣һȥƲ֡
޾ź֯ǧ˿Ƶϵ
󺮳֯ġ
̫ʼ̫Ǭ̫ϡ̫˶¡
һжƶģʥôһֱˣҲ죡
̫ʼ˼صʱմţζӮ˺֮֯ս
ֻҪ컹ţһоԶδǵʱ
ֻҪԸ⣬ɿ׵ķڶξƻƷ
Ҳս֮ʼЩԭ
˵죬֯ٶ׵Ķˡ
һ˲䣬ĳ˼
֪ˣȳȥɣ
˰ͻȻˡ
ʥʱ򣬻ô꣬ôһֱҪҵ족λãһֱûܳɹӥһʱ֮ҲҲġ
Σһڳģ
壬Ųߵ˴ߡŴ⽥һȭͷа
У
˿ƽʱһܲĸоĿڴ
ʼʱ򻹲̫ԣǽԽԽǿңָоͬһ㡣
ֹˣһյĸоԽԽǿңУһѪҺڵĸо
ǿѪ֢
һݣԺжһͷָоʵϤˣܾãһεıƺЩ̫һ
Ѫ֢
ҸŴļŴ
ÿˣһֻһ˲Ż֣ǵһ֪Ϊʲô徹ȻͶһͬȾַѪ֢
ǵǰոʱ򣬾ѾɹսʤڵķѪҳɹĽѹȥ֪ΪʲôֱŰʱ֮ͻȻٴαˡ
Ҳ֪ǲΪѹֵ̫ãоһεĿѪ֢ҳ̶յʮϡ
䣡
ȫѹƵʱû˿ףһĿڴŻɱ¾ĸо͵ıѿ
ֻǰһ죬˲Ѫ죬ͬһʱ˲ϢȫѪţ͹ֻгһ޾ɱ¾ƺ޲ʹɱһͨ
ô
һǼ䣬ɫˣ˿ĵȫѹڵĿѪ֢
ڿѪ֢屾Ӧ൱о飬֪ΪʲôԽѹƣѪ֢ƺԽҡ
ֶΣƺԿѪ֢ȫʧЧвһǿҵĲ

ѾϾȥ˼
Ϊȫѹ궯ѪҺʱȫ벻鷢ˡ
ˣ
û˿ףһϸ緢˿ȴƥɱȻƴ룬û鷿ϡ
屾ȫѹڵɱ¾ɱĳ֣Ͷеһ棬˲еɱ¾
̶ֻһ˲ַ˲ǿʮֹ
ʲôˣ
嶸۾һɲǣ˫۲Ѫ˿ʺΡ
䣡
ֻһգۣһΣƿն鷿ɱķ׷ٶȥ
ͬʱһӰ֮ͬ糯Զɶݶȥ
ӣ
ɫһ䣬Ҳ룬׷˹ȥ
ಣ
ΪٶȺ֮죬ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ͶԷľ˲߶ѡ
һ̣ƺ֪ǰ˶תͷֻǹǣĿкһû˿Ļţ΢΢¶һ˿Ƶóѵĸо
䣡
û˿ԥһݳһֻأȥ
˳ֵͬʱͻৣͬʱһװˣ磬Ĵεĵطƿն
˻ϣһٶȿݣ˵Ľжޱȣء

ɫһôʬɽѪɱּսȻĵĻ⼸˵
ԷܹͻԼµķǷ֮
䣡
һӣһ̣ôû뵽鷢ˣֻһ죬ԭֻҪ⼸ˣ˾ˡ
һȻûпסھ廹ߵĵطǼ˾ͺƲһ㣬Ȼڰҵıըһ֫Ƭ˷
ڵѪҺͬٲ㣬ͷ
һʱ䣬ֻǰʺޱȣҲ·һŨѪһ㣬ʱ˶סˡ
ֲǣЩŨѪҺõϣŵǹŨҵѪϢһֱڿѹƵĿѪ֢·޳բҲѹƲס
ͷе̫Ѫһ죬һڵķѪӦ
ˣ
ɲǼޱߵѪӿ֮ս˹֮սɺ֮ս֮ս֮սһӾսССȫͷ
Щսп޵ĺ˳׷׸Ժ


ڶǧٰʮ ɱ¾þ
һǿݣ
岻ǽǧδеıʥɱˣԼʬɽѪʱ˿̣һĻĻս·һ㣬ǽڵĿѪ֢Ƶ˶塣
䣡
ֻһ˲䣬Ŀڴǹǿҵɱ¾ǿ򱶲ֹͬɽҵı
ɱɱɱ
ڤڤֻûȣз·ǧԼһͬ˻ߵź
ǹɶѪҺɱ¾ķѹǣҲѹеһС
ɷʹ£ֻǰһ޾Ѫ죬ʲôҲˡ
ã
ɫһףһѾȫʧȥ˶ĿƣӲǣһһ̵ġǿ£ڿնȥ·һͷʧȥǵҰһ㣬ĳط׷Ѱȥ
нȴʲôҲˡ

Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ͻȻһĲҽʲôҲʲôҲˣ֪Լ

үүҪ
Ӱɱˣ

һֵ̿Ĳҽޱȣ˷ͻȻڶ
׷ʲô
ͻȻı仯вһִδйĲƴȫͼƿ塣
ϵĲҽȻϵĴ·ֻһɲǣַ·ͣڣֻǰһɣٴ塣
ˣ
۾һǰδеġŨѪϢӱдۣǱǰһĻ𺳵Ըӡ
⣬ôܡ
ȫԼ۾
ʱ˿̵վڸߴĻʹǰ˵ѪİգŮ٣ЩʬлһЩ۵Ļƣֽɡֽף̻ƺھһ䡣
ô
˲ʲô
ħħ
ɱˣ
˷ľʦտ壬ǻ̿֡
һɲǼ䣬߰㣬׷ȥ
ͻȻľٶٴշڵǹɱ¾
ڤڤУֻǰһеһٴαԺ
䣡
У忴ԼڿնٴγȺ׷ɱȥ䣬һıըİбը
Ҫ
һΣоһĿ־壬ƴȫҪֹȴʲôҲˡ
ˣ
ͻȻ䣬еҰٴ࣬һ̣Լһͳ죬ͳԼצѱΡ
֪ʲôʱ򣬽Ҳ˽
үʲô
ͳãǿ־塣
Ȼӭһ죬塱һš׵ıšĲӣɿ߾һ׹ڵϣһϵ
һ̣Ҳ䵽˼㡣
ɱ
ֻһŭ˷ĽٴǰѪҲٴαģ
дѪһĲҽϴУ岻ϿһһӰͬһ㣬׷׵ȥ
ʶʱʱģͣĿҪֹһУȻÿѵʱпĶֻޱߵʬ͵ϽӰʵѪҺ
㵽ʲô
ͻȻ֮䣬һʹļ׵ӶдɪɪԼվޱߵʬ֮УΧѾûмվӰ
ǰʦа˳ɢһŵĿԼ
ʦ
ſҪʦȻзȴֻһ˷ˣ޷ޣëȻ˻
ɱɱɱ
ԼзһŰһ̣䣬һɫʱ֮ȻӡԼбŷŶа˺˴峤ϯȥ
һ춯صľ죬Ŀʦа˺˴峤Լǿʱ֮ɳȥͬһʱ䣬ǰһ죬ٴαԺ
ֻһ˲꣬һдӶдۣͿԼݺݵıʦаˣĺ󱳣һɫ͸ϵһɹѪҺ͵Ĵ˳ֱָա

ɲǼ䣬ƺʲôһĴȻԼûκ
壬ʲô
󷽣˴峤ŵ۾
Ȼ̫ʼ֮ɱаˣ
ȻӦȴеĳһϣһһͷ׵ͷ­תŷ߿ա
ޱߵʹͬˮϯһ̵ģȻеЩֹǹǿҵɱ¾
ɱ¾ڼ
󲮣磬磬Сá忴ʦһԼĽ¡
Ѿȫʧȥ˶Ŀơ
ֱһͻȻΪŴַ財ΪѪֲ֢֢ħη綾Ы
ǰֲ֢ոձʱ򣬻ֻѿʱ˿̣ޱ޼ʣҪаӡ
Ѫʬϵɱ¾һιǹɷĻ
ʶʼԽԽ΢ѵʱҲԽԽ̣ʱǰֻһƬѪ⣬ͺһɫļʲôҲֻһһ˷ǧ˵Ŀֲ
ʱ䲻֪˶ٸҹҹҲ֪Լɱ˶ˣʮˣʮˣˣ
һ쾳ǿߣĵزɱ¾Чκ˶ġ
ɣɡ
һֺ꣬˸ͣͻȻһϤŮӵӶдһ͸£ַ·ɢֻǰޱ޼ʵѪУͻȻһ⡣
漴һϤŮٴγǰʱܹ֮ٴθ֪Ĵڡ
ǰһİķ䣬ٴеǼѩ׳ȹ˫ſԼǰ־
ɣҪɱɱҰɣŹǣ
ǰļԼȻǾ
٣
͵Ĳһ£Ȼû˵ǹŨģѪٴ糱ˮϯͬһʱ䣬оǹɱŰɱ¾ͬɽһ㣬ٴα
ɱɱɱ
У忴ԼǱɫ֮Ŷֱ̹ȥİ˺;ȴû˿ĺˣͦţſ˫ۣԼĽӭ˹ȥ
ۿҲʦаһԼĽ£ʯ䣬һǿҵľ񲨶ͻȻԺбŷ
˭ϴҵԺйȥ
һ𶯰˻ģͬسƣֻǶ̶һ˲䣬е֮Ҫٵһɲǣеһаǹɿֲɱ¾羵Ӱ㣬׷ѣ鿪
¡
ͬʱҸۡΪģԲǧڴ𶯣ͬһʱ䣬һɰľͬˮޱ޼ʣϯռ䡣
޵ҳ
ʯ䣬ľʵʣݺύΪһž޴޶ȥ
ܶԷ˭ܹһʱסҲһֱڻþ֮С
ԷʵߣҲ̫Сˡ


ڶǧٰʮ Ϣ
¡¡ľǿޱȣ˲Ƭǿľ£Ƭ𵴣ӿеĿͬ˰ӿȣǳԤϵǣȴûκοɵӰ
ֻľǿ󣬽һ˲վһЩߣھҸۡ߰ǧĵطһ޵ʶһ£ֻһ˲Ծ˵ٶʧ١
̫СˣΪһнֻǻþǾ̫ˣ
úʵɲûԵĽޣ˵һΪĻ󣬽Ϊʵ
ڤڤУһԺ𣬵ֻһ˲ǵ㳹׵ʧˣͺӲڹһΧʱգҲûв׽κټ
ֻƬ̣֪ԷѾˡ
ˣ
һ̣ľ糱ˮһҸۡ鷿ķȥâһ鷿վͬʱ۾
鷿һƬž
еһУԭȵӣϵżϢͣԼһҳ
һоͺʲôûзͬԼĻþһ㡣
ȴ֪һоô򵥡

ѸٵɨգȷΧûصĶ֮峤һɲǼ䣬ֻԭɫ˲԰ޱȣͷǣԼͲͻȻ֮亹ˮͺ˺ܾõĺˮһ̼ͷųһ㡣
ʱ壬ļԶû֮ǰĴݡ
ԷʵԶеĿ£
جΰĻþоһУڿѪ֢µķɱ¾ȻģԷ˵ģҲǵĻþ
ֻԼֶ֪Ծһֶĸ˶ߣ˶Էĵ
ԷʲôˣȻ˸ߵΪ
΢΢۾ӿһɼļɵ
岻ͨˣ־ᶨۺ棬˾ˣǿ̫ʼھ棬Ҳûռʲôˡ
ĳ̶ֳȣΪԼﵽ˵һ˵ĵز
Ҫĸ֪ԺĻþһ˿ġ

£Ӧû˿
ǶԷָ֮䣬Ȼɹˣһûоκˡ
̫𣿡
λվĳԺмʶ뵽̫ء
Ҫһ㣬ԷҪֱ̫Ķǿߣֱ̫֯ǿУĿǰԼûģ̫ؾ֮һ
ûΪ
Ȼܿ죬ҡҡͷԼȷˡ
֯ʮֱ̫ǿߣʤÿ˶Լصĵط˴֮һĲ̫࣬Զ
ܹ̫ʼ̫Ϻ̫Щʵǿûǿ󵽿֪ԼԺҽԼþ֮еĵز
ңͣ±֮еʱԼľͲˡ
ռžӿŲӣ֪ߵ鷿ĴǰԺд˷һɲǣͷӰԺзӶ
֮ͨ£һ㣬ܿľˣָȻ̫̫ҲǸû̫أôֻʣһˡ
죡
³һ֣ɫʱޱȡ
䣡
Ǹ³鷿ն䣬һɲռ𵴣ӿƺҲܲס̺ķǳ
һ̣Ҳޱȡ
̤Ьٴȫѹ˵һˣܹ֪ԼԺԼ񣬡족֯λϵ֮һ
Ϊڲ֪ٸͣʷҲûκμصǿڣ족ǿ󣬿Ѿ˵񣬾ʥʶԡ족Ҳ˼ɵ
ôҲû뵽Լ˸ֶΣȥѰټ족ȻַʽһκԼ桱
һ̣˼棬ĳ
ܵõ˶Է٣һҲ˲
һеô£
ڤڤУովһУԼ족ʧʱ˵Ǿ仰
̫棡
ֱ˷ֲʵͻþ
ȻգǴɱ¾ĳֻһΣȴһָоƺǻþô򵥡
һֱ족ȥǰǷƺл
ƺ֪ܶͿѪ֢йصܣ
Ϊʲô족֪Щ
Ѫֵ֢ô£
þһֻǻþ˵һ죬Ѫ֢ҵʱ򣬱
һ̣뵽ࡣ
飡
ڳ˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬ƿӰ˽
үôû°ɣ
үʲôˣ
ӥ˲֪ʱȥ鷿Уǰ壬һе
û£
屳ˣûлͷֻǰ˰֣
ʲôʱǼʱ뿪ģ
ʱ̣ող뿪ģʱ䡣
ӥ˻࿴һۣ˶΢΢Щ졣
֪ˡ
΢΢üȴûж˵
ӥ˺ܿȥ˳˼
Ϊ˰ʱ䣬þһ˺ü죬ȴû뵽ʵֻмʱѣĻҪ̡
족ʵԶĻҪ£
ǳҳ˼ʱ򣬳𣿡
а
ܿͻعָ򶨡
족ʵǿƥĿǰΪĿκ˶޷ǵеģҲ޷ֲľ޴ȱһ㣬ʥҲǾ޷˼䡣
ǸԼġ족Ӧýֻһѡ
ҼǷ˵ҲӦüΪŲٵƣ˵ĳ̶ֳϣҲıӰ졣
Ϊ족̫ˣ
족ķ㹻ǿòųԼ˼ʱ򷢶ϮȫԸԼô͵͵ͬʱԼʱ򣬡족Ҳòߡ
Ȼлźܶ顣
ڵġ족㱸ƿһУֱɱԼʵ
ʥԼż˵ģ족˼ɣӡʱǡǡҵԸõĻᣡ
졯Σһҵ㣬սһеġһ죬̫Զ
а

鷿⣬ӿһһڷƮһ̣վڴǰɫᶨޱȡ

ʱһζԴ֮㳹׵ʧûκϢͺӲֹһ
ˣȴûзɾ裬ӿԼļƻ
һ֮һϵеİš
ս岻ûƵıǡǡ෴廹ӿ˴ƾӵźͽ衣
رŶӡⲿӣֱӽʮʮĴģš
⣬ټ˴ʦʦھʦ˴ھۼ󷨣Щ񲿶Ӽӿ
ͬʱҲڸټ³ԨġŮԼķˡ
͡족Լ飬岢ûϸϸĸˡ
ʱţǾ˱֮Уʶ֯ǲ˼ֶΣں׽ĹŴ޾пٳһһռ䣬Щ˼飬ɱĹ
ķ֮⣬ûΪΣ
ĳ̶ֳϣ֯ļɵη壬Զʹ֮ϡ
پһδĴѣڣ
һҹܿ˴֮⣬ȫӸԵľ֮еɸֶ֣ǿڣļƻ֮С
֧ӣһжܣ塢Լ֮⣬ûκ֪еľݣ֧ӵķŶû֪
һжڽܹĵĽУʦа˺˴峤Ҳİȫ쾳
⣬ҹɫڸǣĬ£廹ոһ档
ոԼ̫ʼԼ족սȫûоκˣܿ뿪ˡ


ڶǧٰʮ ˾Ĵ
ʱܿȥգ֮䣬ٵĻֻһˡ
峿֮С
ˣ
ϥڻ谵Ĵн붨״̬һ
ͷϷ߳ߵĵطһֹη·̫һŹâҫգһĸߵȼռ͸ֹ˷
ֹεԣһģһֻϢЩͬ壬ڰ֮УĿ
̫ʼµĹʮ;ȡߵȼʱһⷢ֡
ʱȣַʽȫĥԼļ̥
ƾ̥ıųɹƿǰһͻƵ˶쾳ӵ˶Կ̫ʼıǮ
ڣʵǣͬʱҲ˴쾳ĹϢҲԷԼ̥
ʦа˺˴峤Ϲ̥츳ϺԼȻһ壬硣
ܹԼ̥ȫ쾳ôƣʵı仯
ӵĴ쾳ǿ֣ټֱ֣̫֯ǿͬʱ֣Ҳη塣
⣬ʱҲһʵͰա
Ҳʱ˼ԸֱӺЧķ
¡
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ĹͻȻ䱩ͬһʱ䣬һӴٲӹڲкԼе̥ϡ
ⲨӴкµͬʱ̧ͷȥֻڲһϤӰһƳѸֻһգ۱ʧˡ
Ĵط
֮ǰͷֹڲԳһ壬һĿռ䡣
ͽ̥ŵ˹Эͬʱô̥Լӱãʱȡĸߵȼʱ
ַʽĽκ˶Աġ
ʱ仺ȥһһߵȼʱ·ϫйɵ£Ĺ£ļ̥ϢʵҲԽԽǿҲһ˿˿ʱղ
֪˶á

峤һоһƣУ漴չֹͣ
ͺܶĲͬԽǸߵȼ־ľԽ󣬲ǿһֱ߲ݵȥ
鿴̫ʼļ䣬̫ʼϵǿߣǿȵÿҲᳬʱѾʱˣڶ쾳ǿУҲǼΪˡ
ˣ
âɢȥҫ۵ĹѸΪһȦֱӴӰ£Ժ
̥һΣҲѸС뵽Ĺ֮Уʧ
ָܿ
ȥˡ
ӵվа
˻ڽȻԼ͢Ǳ߽֣Щ飬ҪԳ档
ңҲȥˡ
ˣ
иոתͷҪƿţ뿪ʱͻ𡪡
䣡
û˿ףغͬһʱ䣬һϤͻȻڴ
б䣬ͣ
ޱȣȴ͸һôβסͼȡ
˾
һ漴ϳɫ䡣
ȻӴ࣬ԷȴԺ˼ӡ
ܹ֮µؼλ˾
еȸȫԺͿʯ
ϸ䣬λ˾֮ûм棬ϸϣ嶼ûмλ˾Ŀ
ôû뵽ȻʱԷҶԷ˼ȡ
ˣ
ͻȻ֮뵽ʲôѸٴӻȡǸ˾͸ԼķУȻ˾Ϥٴδд
ɮѾʱ޶࣬һҪ뵱үйأ
˵еȻֹͬһʱ䣬һеͻȻɳݳɵıһ㣬ǰ⣬Ȼ飬һϸķĩڡ
忴еѽĩжɲ
ʱ޶ࣿ
ʲôʱ޶ࣿ
׷ʲô
һɲǣͻȻǿҵĲ
һֱľһֱطûйעôû뵽ıʡ
͵ĿʯʹϢϢأֱӹϵδļƻֹˣ˾ĴУᵽ졣
˾йһνӴû˾Ȼʲôϵ˾Ƿʲô˼
һʱ䣬վԺһһͷþ˵
һз̫ͻȻˣҪʱȥ
飡
Ƭ֮ƺ뵽ʲôһΣΪһ磬Ѹ뿪ʧ档

ʦ
ΪòϢĹңȻҲйԻʱ̣ھҫҲĿʱ̡
ս޲ս޲ʤ߱ʥһ½ǿƵȻңҴС㡰ն¡˭Ҳû뵽ġ
ʦﲻ֪ҴΪ֮ۡ
һݼߵ
ӢеĺӢ۶עڴǰȻʧɫȻҲŹҫ鹣һپ١
ڵŵƽʣһƬϲ죬̶ֳ˿ҡ
Ȼˣʱ˿̣ҵĺԺȴһƬžѾı֧ˣҵļҲ˸ͷ뿪˸ۡ
еһУΪҹүոս
飡
ʱ˿̣ٵĹ뷿֮УһֻµɰڰУˮӺע뵽·һֻµĲ豭Уˮһ󵭵ĲƢڷɢ
ȥһ𣿡
ٿʵ
񻣬ŶׯȻͬеһ㣬һġ
⡭ʱûо
ԥƬ̣ڵ
ʵɲùҡ
ݸһЦƺ֪ʲô
˻ڽȻڹ뷨гٳٻû¶ġ
ͶڴӵҪ壬ΪֹΪӦ֮عӦ֣ΣɶӦùȥһˡ
˾öУϿΪ˳ɷЩصĺˣڿֻ´˾ϵнգд˰š
һ˵˾֯Ĺϵ±еĻҪУյϢҲԶǵ󡣡
һأײβĿǰΪֹɶûκһϢڣ˾ĿǰΨһ֪ܵˡ
ãΣɶӦȥһ
ٷеɰһƽ
ǡֻһˡ
ԥ
һӣһأʧȥܶණԲԽ֪˵ϣһֱػߣҪ˰ͷϣҲԥԭ
ǺǣԳڵΪһһҲҪ̫ʱ䣬ң֪ȥĻһźģ



ڶǧٰʮ ҵĺͣ
ٵĻӹů
š
˵ͷûٶ˵ʲô
ʲôʱԶôͨҲĵһԭ
һа׵߷ؾʦͬʱֻУܿ뿪ˡ
ʹ֮ңԶ˵ģʱյʵңԶľҲʧȥ塣
Լ֮ڵִ

Х
һ߸ߵĻҺɫɽϣ壬ӣҵӥվһƾ
ǰɺͼеһȻôƶ
ȥһƬ͹ͺͺʯͷ˽վɽڣǹͺͺһƬ
󺮳Ѿм£½ѱѩڻ︴һ֦ˡ
Ϊɽ类ԭȴһƬ紵͸һɺ⡣
ӥ
ͻȻڵ
үѾϵˣЩںµ֣ͻȻ֮ʧȥϵĿǰΪֹûյǵϢ
ӥɫޱȡ
ǴƼҪսҪأеȸ
ںܾ֮ǰһ֧פһ֣֧Ӿܹͼʱ
͵ĵθӣټЩصĶǴƾµ֣ҪԱȫǴ´ࡣ
ֵסصĲҲܹʱȣϢݳ
һϢûУ߷ɸ봫ŹȥҲûκεĻӦ
û˵ֻ΢΢üͷȻ䲻û⣬Щפں͵ʿ׶༪ˡ
֥Ͱ˼˳ǱҲûκϢ𣿡
ĬƬ̺
뺣ľפڴʳĸ֥Ͱ˼˳
õͳµϢ˵һʱϵפں͵ʿפڴʳ͸ĸ֥Ͱ˼˳ɳȥ̽Ϣ
֪Ϣķ
֥ǱϢصЩǴһЩʣеĹȫӺˣһ˶Ҳϸѯһû֪ʲô
ӥ
ûˣ
΢΢üͷ
ûˣһϢǴǰģ֮ûκѶϢʱӦǽ˺ɽ
ӥͷϿҵ
û˵¶˼ɫɽʯᾣߣǰûȥһʱص㶼Ҳ
嵱ҲڶԷ˽Ӧ²ҵ˵ط񺣵ȫܹ⣬ֻһʱ֥ɳЩֻ治һҶԵط
ʱǣֱǰͣ
Ƭ̣ܿ쿪ڵ
ʱ䲢ڵĵط뺣Ҳ̫Զˣʵֻ°Ҿִܵ
䣡
ʯ䣬âһһɫĹ֣˪ѩȻڱŷһѽӥӣҵ˾Уһżˣڿնͬһڵ㣬ʧԶ

֮󣬺ɽ
ո£ɽͬһͷ̶ڵϵʷǰޣ˼ʯɽȺܶĶҪΰͦΡ
Ũζ
һ˸ڰ֮Уû£ӵıͻȻ鶯£üͷڵ
ڵĸ߶ȣ£ŵôŨҵζǻյĹģӴһ̶ȡ
ҸǣɽϵǹͺͺļӲʯʲôգɢôŨҵζ
һ˼ǰֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ǰΣ֪ΪʲôôŨҵζˡ
ʬ壡
ҵͻȻڵ˵ʱƤ͵һ¡
ΪŰ˷ͨ󽫣ͳ죬ҵһʬɽѪսֲп棬ҵ˵˾ռߣ㲻ʲô͸ɫĻֿ·᾵ɽϣ岼ʬ壬ҵл̲סҵһ¡
·ɽɢʬ壬ĻҪ࣬Ƥڵ󹤣ҵһЩؼ׵Ӱ
Ǵפں͵ľ

һ̣âһͬһʯ㣬䵽·ĺɽϡ
ζ֮ǰڸ߿ŵζŨ˰ٱֹһ̣˶֪ζԴ
Ƥⱻյζ
Ǻˣеһжģ
һɽϣһ죬صʬУһź۵ʬ˹ǰ
žָһʬϣһָľԾС
ľϵһɫʮ·͸˵һ
֮⣬ľϱûκεıʶκεֶûС
ַƣ岢İӦĳλµı־
ɽϾЩ˵ʬ壬һ·ǰֵĺʬҲԽԽ࣬һЩ˻Ű½ữ״̬ɲ
սѽǷȥԿ½֮Ħ֮𣬾ݱ֮պĺۼ
ܲûпշΣǴɽĺۼǳս±еĻҪҡ
үҵˣ
ϸķʱǰͨҵһɫأͻȻ첽ķ˹
֥Ͱ˼˳λɳĲ⵽Ϯȫûȫû⣬ǿɽײЩˡ
ҵſһСɵĽƣϻм׭壬ڡ
Ǹ֥µһ֧
β鿴͵֥ɳľӵĳԱ
ҵĻ˶Ƥһ
Сģ֯ˣûȫ뿪
ɫһݣͻȻڵ
ɽµʱǰ֥Ĳӵִʱ䣬ǰʱ򺣵ɽϵսѾ֯ҲӦѾȫ롣
ǴǰȻˡ
һ˲䣬ʱս׼
ǰȴɫ糣
ˣ
˫һգ֮䣬һɰľضΪ֮ɫ䣬Ϊģ˲·ˮйһ㣬ûɽ
ⲢһεִﺣɽٴεִھҰ£ȴǰȻͬ
ɽĵصкܶĽ󷨣⣬ɽĵصһӴģЩ徫̽ɺܴĸţȻǲ̽ԼҪĶ
ǵѾ뿪µֻһЩѣ
Ƭ̺۾ڵ
ৣ
δ䣬ڵɫٴαŷˣȰʧԭء

ɽĶһ޴ĿʬأǺͿʯҪĲɼء
Щʯ֮УԿһܼƵģɼͿʯķе
߰ɣѾɣ뾡쳷ˡ
صʬʯУһĺ˳
͸ĴƾѾɽȻѾע⵽Ҫ˶ãƵλҲִܿ


ڶǧٰʮ ֱ̫Ĺ
ˣû˿뿪
ʱһͻȻͷƮ
˭
ɫ䣬׷̧ͷ˹ȥ
Ȼһ̣˾ֵĿУһֻɫľ֣ɽͣȻ˵ͷ
¡
ıըУһĲҽĺڿ񱩵зǣը
սʼÿ죬ø죬ֻգۼ䣬Ϊ׵죬Уûһվˡ
֮ӣ
ͻȻǰ壬Ϊ׵죬һ۾
ʶң
üͷһЩ⣬漴Ц
֯ڲѾ˲֪˲ˣȻһСͷĿϵң
һ£ɱң֪ʲôͨͨ㣡
죬ɫ԰ף͸¶һβסĿ־塣
̫Ǭɱ̫ʼɱƻʧܣԴر٣ڵ֯ڲĵȷȷѾ˲֪˲Ĵڣͨĺ˸֣׹Ϊ֮־塣
ĴʥҲη壬һֱͬ񻰣جΣλƵʥʱϾ߾ã׳֣Ȼһ·Ѿ֪жˡ
ɲǲ¡
ˣ˵ģȫ֪
ֱֱĲӣڰա
䣡
δ䣬һľ糱ˮӿƵֱӳˢԺ֮С
һ̣׵ľͿ񣬲ҿԺеļ䡣
֯ɭϣĵܶԺʩӽƣƽ⣬ǿĽƣҲ޷ǰǿĶ
͸ļ䣬ܿͿˣɽһС
Ϣûдǰĺ˽ӵٻۼ˺ɽǧƵĺ˸֣߰½ữ߰޻׷׳ɽ
ɽǷĦ֮𣬾ݱ֮½֮
ɽƵĿ󹤣µؾһ䱸˳󣬵ֻĽסЩˣеһвԤϡ
кУӡ̵ģȴһϢӴ󣬷·һ㣬ĳ̶ֳ̫ʼҪǿٵӰ
Щ˶ƺ
̫أ

Ƥһ¡
˵֯һ̫صֱ̫ǿߣѾʼӹ֯Ҳ֯ڲˡ
ôû뵽̫ؾȻʱ֯Ժ͵ж
ộʲô
а𶯡
̫֮⣬͸죬廹Ϣ·ɽʹ󺣰ǿڡ
û̫ǿ󣬵Ҳֱ̫ǿߣû⣬¾ǵڱԵֵ̫Ϻ̫һССĺ;Ȼֱ̫ǿߣֱ˼顣
ǰ廹û
һжΪ𣿡
΢΢۾Ժиλ˾Ӱ
ȻΪҪÿȸܴﵽѣ岢Ϊ̫أ̫ϣ̫֮Ķǿߣῴ׵
ҲԽԻ
˾ǵʲôϵ
Ժ˲Ϣͷ
뵽ҲͲס
ӥҵӣǼȥȥͻء
һš˲Ĳӣʬ׶ڵϣ漴һɺںɫΪģɢ
Ǻںɫ֮Ӳʯͬˮ㵴һΣʩչݵ֮ʧ˺ɽ
κ֮У̥ΨһľǴ̥
ֱ̥ӱ˹֮УҲʱĶݵ֮
ˣ
һӲʯͬˮ㣬ȥٶȼ죬һ·³ȥܿ͵ִ˽ǧĵصס
һ·£ǲսĺۼߵȼײսܾ֮ҲɲУûȫɢȥľѡ
ֹˣľɢȥ˲Ͳ׽˺ɽǸ̺أκΪ֮ηľ޴Դ
ֻǺͼеĲͬǴ޾Դʱ˵ĸоһƬңƺܹǿҵĳ͸š
ڵص伤ҵս
Ժһͷʱʲô
вֵһʾء̫ϡԼ̫һ·ֱӽ˵صףҺλĴ뼤ҽ֡
޷⵱ʱһǿԿ϶Ǿս伤ҡ
֪ôˣ
룬ǿҵĲ
ƬʱϢǿҵ·һ
ȵĸоУҪ˵̫ʼ֮ս
֯б̫أ̫Լ̫֣˾һ˵ֵסˡ
뵽˴ӿٶȣżʦټԼǴض߷Ӷȥ
ϸŵʱ˾ĳʱΪ̫ͣܶණףȻʱ룬˾ȻѾλ˶죬Ѿȫƿʱ֮
ʱԼͳµķʽԾǶʱ֮
⣬˾Ǵߣʱ룬ô򵥣һЩǿĽƣ˾жһЩ߲εĿռЩ֯ںԴؿЩСռ䡣
ûҵڣҪҵûôף
ҵˣ
Ƭ̣ƾż䣬ܿҵͨ˾ڿռڡ
һѵģһͨС
ಣ
һɫʱ֮һ̣˳խСʯܿĿռȥ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ˣֻǰȻɣȻɹٴνǴеĶ֮С
ʲôˣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ʯɲǣͻȻ֮䣬һͺӶߴδ䣬ռϷȻһͬһʱ䣬һӴɽͬʱ͸һҵĻζֱӳѹ

ķӦҲ죬ʱգ֮£ܹвˣûм
䣡
ڸоΣյͬʱһ˲һʵıֵϷͬʱһϣһְɫʱ֮СѸ𵴿ͬʱЮһɻԵŶԷϯȥ
䣡
ӴཻɽХĿ˲˶ԷĹǿɽֱӽԷݺݵɵ˶ϡ
ͬʱ循һƳҲԼĺǿߡ
ԷϴһŽɫߣȫ壬ҶڶڱԵȫϢΪߣһ»öԷˡ


ڶǧپʮ ̫Ԫ

ĿһҲ룬һаɫĹâžǵڶɽ˹ȥ
һ֮ǰ󣬶̺һǿʱշ֮ƾѹԵԿԸɵԷ
һȣ
ϣԷ壬һ𣬴ֹͬʱһ죬৵һժĽɫߡ
֯˶ɱܶԷʲô˵ǶһٶѣҲı䲻ɱģѾ¶˾ģڿӵʱҲɵȫ¶һ˿𺳵ɫ
㣡
Žɫ£һŴʱ˿̣û뵽ӡ
ʳ˾
֮սλʳ˵л꣬صĴ˾͹̫ױٴƣƾԼ򣬴ġ桱ɹش˴ʳ˾飬ʬҲӾ׹
սʳ˾ʬûҵңʹ˾սʱĸоûг׵ɱλʳ˾
ȻʱҲоЩֻԺ󻹻º󻼣Դ֮λʳ˾ʹӴʧˣûгֹ
ռ͸һսλʳ˾Ҳûгֹ
ʱһãҲ֪Ժ
ôҲû뵽ԷȻʱ˾صĶУȫ벻ĵط֣
ԭ㣡
ϳ˾ɱжû˿ͣ٣ӿ˲٣ݺݵĳŶԷȥ
Ѱ·
֮УطСΧкܶƣƿռߣԷҲӲ
λʳ˾Ͷһݣ󻼣
ѷǵУ֣
嶯֣ʳ˾ҲıɫˣһѸټһηΪһݻסԼͬʱһӴľ¡һͬײ˹ȥԼݹȥ
ңѵ㲻˾𣿡
ˣ
صĶ쾳Ѿ䵽˴ʳ˾ͷֻ߶ѣ¶ԷöηҲаտɱ
һ仰ɲǼ䣬·ʱ侲ֹһ㣬һɲǣһգеĹпˮʧɢʱΡ
ôˣ
ĿһǰĴʳ˾
ˣ
֣ʳ˾һ
ʿյĿ࿴һսɱ̫ʼһʵ뻯ѳԽľǿߣµսʱ˾󲿷ֵʵҲȻĶ֡
ʵ෴Ҳ֯Ҳ֪ôģǻѣҲǵˡ⣬֯Ҳȫǻġ
ʳ˾
䣡
δ䣬ʳ˾һſڵĽƣ漴һӴϢڱʳ˾ʵҲڽڱǣһ·΢ֱӴﵽ˰벽죬ҴӿϢ̤㶴쾳Ҳֻһ˿ѡ
ʱĴʳ˾ﻹһ㣬ľʿӣ㵱Ĺ̫׺ȣʵҲҪһء
ɱ㣬ұʵһսӦ֪ʲô
ʳ˾˵꣬һƽĿ
û˵ȴǱò
ķչЩԤϣʳ˾ȻĶ֣ǷŵǰսʱҲⷬʵһսĽºԤϡ
һ̫׾ҪԸټһ벽۷Ĵʳ˾˼ʤ
㵽˭
΢۾һЩ׼λʳ˾ĿˣȲԼһҲ֯һ
ǺǣܹеĲͺá
ʳ˾΢΢һЦ֪Ѿ׹
˭޹ؽҪֻҪ֪Ҳǵ˾ˣ룬ڸһˣҡ
ˣ
ʳ˾˵ţڶһ¡¡һ̵ضҡһĻһխС
ɣѾϲ̫ʱˣ
ʳ˾˵꾶ֱת֮С
Ƭ̣ܿ˽ȥ
ڵΪ֮⣬ɵ˻ûм
һ·Ƭ֮󣬾һʯҡ
ʯҷǳСĶ߻ҪСࡣ
ʯҲǳļªһԲεСʯ֮⣬
עȴСʯһ
һ˫յͷ­
ǿͷ­ɫڣһɮˡ
ǡ
ͷ­Ƥ͵һ¡
ôͲ˶ߣֲ̫ʼС
ʳ˾һ˿͵ɫ
λλ֪ϰ߳Ϊ˾ǸϰڳΪ̫Ԫ
䣡
ʳ˾ֻһ˵˫ȴһ
Щ²ģӴʳ˾Ŀ̫Ԫ֣廹Ǹо˼𺳡
ԣ˾Ҳʮֱ̫е

֪ʮֱ̫⼸֣ܶණѾòҽˣƵλʥʣӦѾࡣ
ʳ˾Ȼ
ΪʲôҪɱ
üͷ壬
ʮֱ̫ǿߣ֯ĺĹǸɣҲǿұֱۣ̫ǿӦöһģӦֱ̫ǿֹԸһֱ̫ǿߡ
ǺǣΪܾ֮ǰǾѾˣѾ֯ˡ
ʳ˾һ΢Ц
¡
ʳ˾赭дһ仰Уȴ˲ɲ
ʮλֱ̫ǿ߾ѣ
Ϣ˵Ŀǰ𺳵Ϣ
Ϊʲô

ȴɱ侲û˿¶
ʵĶ̫ˣȷţʵӦҲֹһ⣬ңشɣϾ֯ĺģЩδ֪ȴһ֪ңҲԭ򣬲𣿡
ʳ˾ûֱӻش𣬶Ŀһתϵǿͷ­
ĿҲͬϵͷ­ϣӱϿֻһͨˣûʲô̫رĵطȻΪԽ֮սʵ־˲٣Խʵ֮ܿͷ­һ޵ϤϢ
ͷ­ҴӺɽҵһ˵ʬ壬ж̫Ϊף̫ϣ̫УҪ¾˸ܣҲֻһ̱һ˿꣬ȻӦͿ󹤵ͷ­֮С
ʱ䲻ܶ࣬ջɣҲֻܰǵˡ
ʳ˾˵ţһݵָһһɫĹâͬөһû뵽ʯϵͷ­ڡ
ʯϵͷ­ʼûʲôӦƬ֮ͬ紵ظգһϤϢҵıŷ


ڶǧپʮһ ࣬Ԫ֮ӣ
ˣ
ֻһǣַ·ͣһϸɲ죬ʹʳ˾ĿУʯǿͷ­Ƥ΢΢һ£漴
һɲʱ䶼·ֹˡ
ڻǵһ̡
һ̾ʯϵͷ­ͻȻˣ͸¶һ˵Ĳɣ
һ谵ªʵһûͷ­ǰһж˵Ĺ죬Ȼǣûͷ­Ȼܹ˵
Ȼ廹Ǵʳ˾ûκεĲ죬ΪﵽֵزصıԴȴǿһЩѰ񻰰Ĳ顣
ǰˣ
忴ǰ˾Ӧ˵̫Ԫǰһ񣬾ڵͷǣһ˿ɫ
˾ʱѾˣ֪Լһ̸
ǺǣɮѾʱ䣬ѾԶԶͨˣûʲôźģˣҲ˥үɮ˸У
̫Ԫһƽ͸һ˿͸µĴݡ
ɮ˵һҪ飬Ҳɮ֮ʣ⽫үǧ֮ԭ򡣡
˵һ䣬̫Ԫࡣ
һʶ˹ȥ
졯Ҫˣ
̫Ԫ
䣡
̫Ԫƽƽһ仰ͬһʯ׹£˲ɲ
ʲô
֯˽⣬Ͳ᲻ף̫Ԫ仰ʲô˼
ĿǰΪֹ½磬족ΨһһȷѾﵽ侳ǿߣҲΨһһĳ̶ֳϿԳ֮Ϊ񡱵ˡ
һ㣬ʥʶﵽ
ĿǰΪֹ֮Իڳϣѹס֯ˣ̫ʼɱˣΪ족һֱڱ屻ӡ״̬
족ӡɹôһоͻȻͬ磬ǿʱǡĩա
ʶԱߵĴʳ˾һۣһƽȻ֪
ʱõģ黹ûеһֻѾôˣһ̫ء̫ϡ̫Ϊȡһöӡǡ
ӡǣ
üͷһʵ

ʱһԵĴʳ˾һ죬һ籡ڰᣬͶһƴСԲӡǡ
ӡǳʽɫмͼ
ĩӡǣ
ʳ˾еͼѿڶ
ôܣ
ĩӡǲİǰ֪ĩӡǵǴţЩߴģŽôֻϢϢأ
֪
ķӦֵʳ˾̫Ԫ˾ˣ塣
֪ǰûмŶԡ
˵ǰӡǵʲôΪʲôܹų죿У˭ӡ죿֯ʲô
һ⡣
㲻ЩҲ㡣
̫Ԫû̫ƺϵдһʡ
εľƻ֪һɲ䡣ÿһʱ䣬һжᱻݻ١ǳݻٲ㿴½أ綼ᱻ״ݻ١
һֵزͻ¹㣬µҲڷµ¿ʼһ˥ֻأԳ֮ΪᣬǳΪһԪ
νӡǣҲеĩӡǣ֮һЩԴ̺ع籾ԴһЩӵĶÿһԪսŻһʵһӡǣԼ󣬵ĿǰΪֹӡֻ߸ѡ
û˵ֻϸûзŹ̫Ԫ˵ÿһ֡
ڴ֮ǰһУֻƾϱӵļ䰵Դ⣬ǵһ˵һеԴ
֪̫Ԫ˵ĻԼԺ磬Ӱ졣
ǡ
̫Ԫ˵˴˶٣Ƴһۣ
ҲµˣЩֱ̫ǸԪֻ࣬֯ǾһİˡңǸ׼ȷĳƺӦǼԪ֮ӣ
ˣ
̫ԪĻֻ
Ԫ֮ӣ
һԪ
̫Ԫ˵Ѿȫ֪ûȻ
һ˵ܻã
ʮꡢꡢǧ꣬ꣿ
ڴ֮ǰֻΪһжǺ˵˵Ϊֱ̫֯ǿߣ̫ԪûбҪԼ˵ѡ
һֱһֱ֯һڱĬĬıңһɱ˲գ۵а֯ǰ̫Ԫ˵ʵֻһ
ֻʱʽҪԶȿ˸Ե۹ֻʥöࡣ
̫Ԫ˵ûҲܹ˵֯Ϊʲôô๦ͷ֯ˣ죬ʱ±紫˵ĻҪö࣡
˵ǱһģΪʲôˣɳ̫ء̫Ϻ̫Ը㡣
ֻһ˲ͻع
ĻһԵĴʳ˾вһ£̫ԪҲ¶һ˿ꡣ
˵Ĳȷʵһģʮֱ̫ʮԪ֮ӣǼ˶ӺƽоµˡΪֱ̫ȫĲ£ڸʱ֮Ĺϵѡֻϧûʲôһɲġ
еһУԴġƻ
ȥԴأӦҲ˽⡣
̫Ԫ
û˵ֻǵ˵ͷ
ƻ׼ȷ˵ƻɹ粻֪Ҫˣµ࣬ҲֻǱȦĿܶѡ
ǱʥųɱӯҰɱʿа򣬵Ǻľƻȣֵһᡣ
쵽ʲôȫʲôô

ˣĳδǻģֻʹõַ޷ͬˡ
̫Ԫҡҡͷŵ
֮ԻоƻеһжԴߡ
Ǽ֣
̫ԪᵽϢУϢûκϢ߼ָע
˵֪ߵ࣬ضֻ֯ˣΪˣһҲԶԶ޷֯⡣
Ѿ֪ˣ
һԣʳ˾üͷһЩ
š
ûзϣʯϵ̫Ԫɫ糣⡣
Щߵʲô
ǰδеרעʱ˿̣ж΢΢Щš
֮ʯת֪ܶϱӲ֪࣬ΨЩߣ嵽ڶûʲôͷ
Ҳû취ش㡣
Ԥϣ̫Ԫҡҡͷֱӷˣ
ֻ֪Щÿһʱ֣ǳԹȥ̽Ѱǵܣȫʧˡ
֮һؾ޴ϣǸ޷Խʵߣ֪ߵĸܡ
ԼǵüԪ֮ǰ촩ԽǵϣǺܿͻˣ˺ͶǶξĪû
ȴû֮ÿһʱٽǵ硣
ϣ
۾΢УĲ̫ԪеһҪϢ
أ
ŵ


ڶǧپʮ ԭӡǣ
Ԫʱ䣬Ǻ߾ȫҪֹЩߣʧˣؼǣһһεʧܡˡ
˵̫Ԫ̾Ϣһ
һɲǣ͵һ£Уֻ̫Ԫŵ
Ҳ֪쵽뵽ʲôûжãƻӦ˶ʮֱ̫Ǹʱˡ
ʲôǾƻ
ʵ
ܾһΣνľƻ̫ˡ
ˮĹɣ
ʱһԵĴʳ˾һ䡣
䣡
·һ£ǰˣ𣬶Ȼ֮ʲô
ƻ
ˮ
ѵ˵
ѾˡﶼӲֻغľˣˣͬˣһһεĻһһεʲô޷ıһС
̫Ԫĵʯϣ¶һ˿ɫ˵˼Ҳƺص˾Զʱ֮ǰ
û֪ЩߵĿʲôֻ֪ǻ糹״ݻٺʧܶʼѭ
û˵¶һ˿ɫ
˵̫Ԫ˵ݽֻһǶ˵ȴеľ
ڤڤУǴرѣѪ׷ɣʬأ˼ĳԺУԶԸʹ
ΪεʧܣʧȥģƳˡƻȻߵĿǴݻ磬ôԾ;硣
֮ǰٵ󲿷ֻ࣬ٲΪδӣµ̶ȱÿԪ
ƺ̫ྫ̫Ԫ͸һ˿
ƻõ̫ء̫ʼ̫ϡ̫֧֣ҺһЩȴʼ޷ͬ
һϣĨɱݻǧƵ˿ڣ绯ΪһƬŵĵЩʲô𣿡
⻹ҪģҪǣǷ콥Į飬ʧȥΪеУЩ˵ѾͬϣѾȫһˡ
Ϊͬ޷ͬļƻʮֱ̫ʹ˷ֵ𡣡
ܾ֮ǰҾ뿪֮֯⣬½½뿪֯ÿ˶Լļ֣Զ˲ͬķ
̫Ԫ
أǰ˵뿪֯Զֹǰһˡ
ʵ
ֱ̫ǿ߷ֵ
뿪֯ĲֹһǾζԼ취ҵֱ̫ǿߣǵһԸ졣
˵Ϣ
кܶ㶼İֻǲûֱ̫ʾˡ
Ӧ֪˹صĴѩɽɣһλֱ̫֮С̫һ
̫Ԫ
ʥɮ
üһΪ⡣
ѩɽּ˲֪˲һֱѰӵֱ̫ûɲ֪
͵ޱȣ⴦Сռ̫ԪѩɽԸۡ
̫һʱһҪԶ̫һļԪʱһΪӴķ˱
ǼסѩɽΧڣ̫һԵ˹ظԭĵͬʱѹֱ̫ʵ
ô֪̫꣬һ̫ʼ̫أ̤㡣
̫Ԫ
û˵Ժд˷˾ֱ̫֯ǿߣѩɽʥɮͬˡ
֯ҵʱ򣬻֪жֱ̫ǿߡӡĿϡ
һɲֻ֪˼仯
һжƺ֯ǧ˿Ƶϵ
ʳ˾ɾһʷǰĴʳ۹̫Ԫһά˹ص۹ԴѩɽΪ𣬼˹佫
岻֪ЩϰΪĶ׻жٺѲ˹ϵ
˹ؽߣ̫ش˳̫һ޶𣿡
ͻȻ
ûõģ졯ķȥ
˵Ĳ̫ԪһԵĴʳ˾
Ϊ֯ġӦʳ˾֪Զö࣬һ䡰ķȥѾԽ̫һΪʲôûг
һ˲䣬Ĭˡ
ʮֱ̫ĹˣȻЩΪͬͬƻ뿪˶ˡҪΪֱ̫ѣ;ÿ԰ӵ˾һвûô򵥡
ƺ֪룬̫Ԫк¶һ˿棺
ʮֱ̫ǶˣڼԪ֮ǰЩ˱ǶӯɱӯҰħͷ
Ƭ̣̫ԪͻȻࣺ
һжѾҪˡ߸ĩӡ̺ĪĹؽȫõܹɹƷʱ򣬾졣
޵ӡѾ죬ֵõҵӡǣʱѾԽԽˡǵ֯뿪ʱЩĩӡǣΪľʱ䣬ֹĳڿһѾ˾ͷ
סˣΣһҪ취ֹɹص᳹սᣡ
Уɻңغƽ٣罫Ⱦƻˣ
κ
̫Ԫ
ڡ족̫˽ˣƻʧѾŭһŭġ족κʱ򶼸ӿ£ҲӲпᡣ
⽫֣֮
Ϊ˵ֵ侳ġ족
ʯճģһƬš
һԵĴʳ˾Ҳɫء
ͬһѪҲϣôΪޡ
İɣɹģ
ѹֵУͻȻˣ
ռȫĩӡǣ
ˣ
˵ĿУһĺȻһӡǡ
ӡǺʹʳ˾ͶӰǿĩӡ߷ƣȴżͬӡǲǵĽɫӡǵһЩɫķģ͸һʥζ
ԭӡǣ
̫ĸ
еӡǣ¶𶯵ɫ
ԭӡǣ
üͷһ
ӡȷʵʥģȴ֪ӡǻһر֣ԭӡǡ
ԭӡؼĩӡǣ˵֣ؼĵһĩӡǣ
ʳ˾һԽ͵Ƴһۣ¶һ˿ӡ
֮ȷʵ⣬֮ǰЩ⣬һ̣ͻȻЩףΪʲô̫Ԫһ̣Ҫϣǰˡ
Ȼĩӡ߿飬Ǻģǽ⡮졯ӡؼһ飡ȱ飬ҲһӲá׷Ѱԭӡǧ꣬һд˵ӡУֻ֮޻̸֮
еüĿҲλʥ̫Ҷѡ


ڶǧپʮ ̫壡
̫ҵһйؼӦȷԭӡǾУ첻ʱȫƶѼ߿ĩӡǵж
̫Ԫ̾Ϣһ̣ͻȻ֮ˡ
족ʵкܶλȥѼĩӡǣȴûôںܾ֮ѡʱж
һжżΪܵϵ
үסζõԭӡǡ컹ûеõԭӡǣһжϣĻûʲôܹıˡ
̫Ԫ
촽΢˵ʲôһ̣ˣ̫ԪƤѸ͸һɲ԰ףһҵĿԣ̫ԪȻ³Ѫ
ֹˣ¡¡ʯҲʼҲ
һĻһԵĴʳ˾˲ɫ
һɹɫӴʳ˾ڱŷѸٻΪһͬƯƶڶĴ
һɲǣԭĶѸȶ̫ԪɫҲתһЩ
̫Ԫҵķ֧Ų˶ãҪĺ˵
ʳ˾ддߴٵζ
ү˵⼸£һҪμǵá
һ˹ظԭ̫һദҪһҪ
ڶͻʴԭһͻŷͻսҲֱ̫֮һ̫壬ɽϡ
ͻս񣿡
̫ԪĻƤȻһ¡
⼸֣岢İΪǸı߰»ɽԳͻս֮ӡ
һֱΪһ˵ΪԳ߹е޲ɫԳתתʡ
Ȼû뵽ڰ»ɽЩȻġ
̫ǰΪ˼ǰֱӰγһصҲ㣬ΪɽܵǸ»ɽӦ
ʳ˾һԲȻЩǳϤ
û˵𶯲ѡ
Щ˵ֻ̬ȣڿ˵٣ȴ
ڱ֮ʣܶ뿪죬뿪̫֯Ҳ֮һֻ뿪ɺ˲һ̫һֱ˽ģȨһֱмǿֻʵһֱ޷Խ졣Ǵξޱ䣬̫º뿪ߵϢ
ڣ̫ԪУ
̫һֱǳη壬ô꼫͵ųͻս񣬵ô꣬ûʩչʲô񼼣ֻ¼Ů˾
ؼǣ̫һҪܣ̫أֻ̫֪ķӡ֮ء
ΣһĻҵ̫壬ҵķӡ֮أķӡ֮ػΨһϣ
̫ԪԽԽеĹâҲ
ǰ
һĻһ֪̫Ԫֲ˶ˡ
䣡
һ̣𶯣һӴĶ쾳ڱŷӿ뵽̫Ԫʣͷ­С
ȻһӴж̫ԪԶĻҪء
̫Ԫ֧飬ǧٿףܹڻ˵ѣѾ漣ˡ
үҽʣһҲ̺ļ䣬δ죬һ֮
̫Ԫǰ壬ôһɲͻȻһɺ⣬û˿԰ף֮˵ɫҪá
ڣʳ˾ʱһ
ǻعⷵգ̫Ԫһ˿Ҫɢˡ
ˣ
ͻȻֻ̫Ԫ촽һţһŽɫâ貣ƿնȥ

һԣʳ˾һĻƤһ̾һ
֯ÿһֱ̫ǿ߶ݣͺ̫ڲԭϱΪͻսͻ˵һƬأ̫Ԫͬһݡ
ʱǰ̫ԪΪӣһִķĻ
̫ԪĺģȡҲζ̫Ԫʧˡ
ˣ
ֻһգۣɫķûüģʧڵʯϣǿͷ­ҲѸţ̫ԪϢʧˡ

ʳ˾̾һ¶һ˿˸С
ʹʳߣ˵ĽҲö࣬ǿλѹȥˡ
ʦߺá
Ҳͷշһǣ˫ֺʮһ
үҵѾɣֲ˶ãҲ뿪ɡϣ̫ԪѡûҲϣ㲻ʧ
ʳ˾˵ţ׼뿪
ǰ
ĬƬ̣ס˴ʳ˾ǵǵѣ
λ˾ɻ󣬴෽˵˫ѣʳ˾·оһԶô򵥡
ǵҲѡ
ʳ˾壬һƽ
֮ǰһһҪ㣬Ȼһսշȴ˷ɾ裬֪ǱѾ׼ˡ
ӣ
ƤȻһѯʵ
Ȼ˾ȴûж˵ָһ죬ѸٰסĶͷһ̣ˣغ巢Լ˲뵽һȫİ硣
¡¡
ؼ䣬һ֣巢Լһ޴ĵ¿ռС
ʼʱлԻ󣬲ܿ죬âһǰ֡һȫŽɫս׵ʿʿĶͷźɫģ˫۽գɫƽһȸߵʯ̨ϣһƺ˳˯״̬
һĸ
ȥ¿ռ飬߼ʣЩ˯Ļƽսʿ
˯״̬廹ܹоЩʿڳǿ˵ĻĿĸ֪Уа֮
ڹȥʱѵһ֧ǿĲӣÿһֻأǸʱѡսʿطǱΪֻԼӡڵĿģӦǰ״
ʳ˾Ӷߴ
ɫأ֪Ǵ˾Լӳ˯ǶμС
ȻշΪã綼ƵİͼڣһԶûнƶƻʱͼĳЩʱܻǿĵֿƾ׵ֶκ޷ĿģԱ֤ļƻܹ᳹ʵʩ
δٵѽԶԶ׼
˾ȣӶдǰľҲ֮ɢȥֻصʯС
ǰĴʳ˾гģʳ˾Ϣûġ
˾˵ģֶ֯Σδ½磬ƣٵƽĻҪϾ
жʱ䣿
ͻȻʵ
棬ʳ˾΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ܴϢôعҿһжȷʵһЩ߱Ķ
ʱûô졣
컹ûȫҲ̫ˡܲܵסĽͿΰʱˡ
ʳ˾һۣ


ڶǧپʮ Ӧ飬ʳ
ʱ࣬Ҳ뿪ˣٲ֣̫Ǳ߿ˡ
ʳ˾Ųֻһ˸ʧ٣ԶԶģ
Ե֮ʱǻټ
˾뿪֮ʯںܿ찲
ԭأԺͷܿ죬ͻع
ͷһ۶Ϸ̫Ԫռʧȥƽ⣬˲ʯмͷ䡣ֵǣ߲ʱ򣬾ȻڵӦ˴˼以Ӧ
⴦̫ԪٵСռ䣬ԴͷǷ̫Ԫķ壬ռĿȨȻҲͬ塣
գ
Ƭ̣漴ʳжָǼ䣬ӿضҡ˷һɹ·ˮ׷ӿڡ
ˣֻգۼ䣬һйƽָ䣬ȻһĴָСӨ͸·ʯһĽᾧ
ģ
鶸Ȼޱȣ֪̫ԪԼ˶Ҳû뵽
Ѿɱ̫Ǭ̫ʼǿߣֶⶴϤ
ֲô֪꣬ĺͣ֯ȴûа취λҲѰԭΪŶġ
еĶģ˼ڴ֮ǰжҲЩɻ󣬵һ̣ͻȻ׹ÿһֱ̫ǿ߶Щ֮ǿ˵ʤܱһ׶صķ
̫ԪܽԼĶݻ⴦ص׿ռζ쾳ǿߵĸֻ֪ˣѩɽ̫һɽͻս񣬶ӵַͬ
ȻַҲҲͬɳɳȡ㣬ûôס
¡¡
ݵƽٴβʧȥĵ֧ţصҲҲ޷ƽ꣬һҵĿͷϷ
֪Ｔ̮ˣԼҲ뿪ˡ
ˣ
һѸʩչݵ֮ƿصҲ㣬ʧ١
ϣӿҵӡӥ˿壬æӭȥ
үôˣ
˸о˺͵ľ޴һкѲ˹ϵ
Ѿˣ߰ɣ
ûж˵赭д
ԣ˵ͷҲû׷ʡ
䣡
һ̣һɫĹִڱŷѸپסˣŴƾʦȥ
һ֮У࣬ץʱ䣬̫Ԫʹʳ˾˵ģнһǿ⣬֮ĻԼҲֻаˡ
δҪߵҲͬӡ
ʱڳŴƶȥ·ϣƽ˾ͷǳ䶯ƺû֯ע⣬ǿ̫ԪѾˣҲûˡ
֪Ϊʲôʼֲֲû뾩ʦԽԽǿҡ
ô£
ӽһҰشգüͷд˷
쾳ǿߣ־ᶨԵ޹ʲֲʲôԵɡ
ү㿴
ڳ˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬ҵϡ
ôˣ
üͷһ壬ʶѭȥֻԶҵӡӥͻȻŤͷͷɫޱȡ
һۣ廹Щ죬ľԶˣԲʮڣһֻ񾭹ҲǰӦһƬƽû춯
һ̣֪ʲôжһ̧ͷա
ոΧ֪ʲôʱͻȻû谵
˳˵Ŀ⣬һ۾Ϳ߿Բ£֮ܳΪԲˣΪһԲΰӰ֪ʲôʱ֣ѸƶԭҲѸٱӰڸǡ
ʳ
ҵӡӥ΢
ˣ
˵⣬ģ򵥵УʱɲһɲǣеĲжʱŨҵ˼㣬ֹˣ䣬Ӱռ£糹ڰɲǣԺУĻŷ
ʴ֮ҹ㽫Ŀ飬ʧȥĶҲܵӴĹ¶
ڤڤУһϤӴͻȻԺѪڡ
ɾ
˵֡
ʳһּΪʲôʱ򶼻ǹעᱻʷᡣ
ǰһĻ˵ʳô򵥡
ûмǴѾǱʥγʳˣӦ˴ɾԡ
ƻı䣬Ѹٸʦ
һɲǣƤһѾˣٳžʦȥ
ɾѧˣԳƵǵһˣǧǰԤԵԼ֣¸ֺ֡
ԭΪɾ˵ĵʳûô죬һֱҲ̫⡣
ôû뵽ʳȻ֮УشƵʱ֡
ʧȥĶҲܵӴĹ¶
ɾĻеĲŨҵ˼㡣
䣡
ķӦѾܿˣֻǵ͹ı仯
ֻǰʱͻȻ֮䣬Ժ͵һͬһʱ䣬ͺеĳ˿ͻȻϣпյģ·ʧȥĳּҪĶһ
ڶ̥̥
ɫѸٱѿޱȣһɲͻȻʧȥ˵ڶ̥̥֮ĸӦ
֮Уȫ׼Ȼ뿪µڶִ̥̥֣ʥµ־ʦټϾʦڶִԸӦòʲô⣬Ҳ뿪ԭ
ڿʦѾĳδ֪ıʡ
̥ͨ㷢ʲôҲЩѶϢڣȴʲôһȫûѶϢ
ӥϽϵȸ
ͻȻڵ
үôˣ
ӥӸոֻΪʳϾȷʵүķӦԶûô򵥡
ϽϵȸҪ֪зʲô

䣬˵ʱһ쾳籡һɲ岻ϧķѹֱӲٿʱ֮žʦȥ
ٶȼ죬ܿͷԽһ·ϣһֱȸǵϢ
ô꣬ؿ飬ȸѶһ棬һ£ԸȸͻŸ֪ͨ壬һȥʦǱȴûκζҲûյκϢͺʲôûзһ
Խ
ִ¤ʱȸŸˡ
УȸʾһаãûзʲôʵǷʲôʡ
յȸţֲٻһЩȸּӥϤһžд
ֻǾˣеɻȴûȫʧ
ȸ˵ѣӹɣ̥ȴʧȥϵ
ڤڤУƺһžʦ

ʦ⣬༸ʮĵطӰŻֺߴϤţһ
үڵˣʦһаá
ټľʦӳһ


ڶǧپʮ ʧ䣿
ٿ役ӣʱҹ̵ĸ·ټӥǱ˵ȸһֱûлӦǼ˵ĲѣΪʦʲô⡣ڿƾʦΪģɷ֣Ӧ˵ǰ֣ˡ
ͳһ½أͼڵĴƣڵľʦۼ֮κʱҪࡣ
ǰ΢۾ǰľʦһ
ǰһȷʵƽ糣ǲ֪ΪʲôЩоЩԾ
߰ɣȻȥ˵
ֻҪҵȸҵԼ̥ȡ䣬һԼ
ۣˣˣ
ӣͷϣ
ҵģҵģ

ʱһͯЦӳڴû巴Ӧ߰С֣ЦŴӳڳ˳лץһϲǡ
Ǻ󷽣һ˵Ůֿ΢΢Цţ˵ĽǶȿȥŮӵﻹϲǡ
ЩͯһЩ·ҲҪţմմϲһƬϲ졣
˭Ҫϲ£ϲǶſˡ
΢΢һЦͻȻǰڵ
Ǻǣ⻰˵þ͹ˡûʦĳǽŵƽʣϲʹھʦ˭֪͢Ĵͻ飿ڳ£
Ůӷʵһ֡
ˣ
ԭȥ仰һŲȻֹͺͻȻ˶һ
ͬһʱ䣬󷽲ԶӥҵҲıɫ
һִﾩʦʱǾע⵽˳ǽЩϲװΣΪʱ壬кܲûж룬˭Ҳû뵽Щ߸߹ĴԼŴɷϲǣȻйء
ٵͻھʦ˲֪˲ⲢʲôܣؼǣΪǣʱ䣬ھʦΪʲôʦֱӾͿʼﱸˣ
һɲǣоһЩԾ
лˡ
Ȼֻһ˲ӻعһ񣬺ܿߵԣֹ
ӡ
̫ˣ
ʱӥ˵ˣĿܡ
ʦǸʦǰûʲô𣬵ǲ֪ΪʲôǸоܹ졣
ûио̫ƽˡ
ôˣƽҲʲô𣿡
ҵһ
Ϊӥʲô߼û뵽ʦһƽʢӸʵ۵»ʣһˣʲôòģ
ҵ湫ô꣬ÿλؾʦʲôӣҲӦ֪ǰ𣿶ǹ˵ҵϲ£ǡӾվǰȻûϳ
ӥһ˫Ũܵĵü˴Ρ

ӥĻҵڷӦûʵ̫ƽˡ
үؾʲôԷΩƽֹˣĿɨһȦֹλϲǵŮӣʵ̫ƽˣôˣȻûһע⵽壬ͺһ
ʶŤͷ壬ֻһƬƽû˿ȻͷЩ쳣ˡ
ض˵ȵ˸УһԼ

֪ӥʲôڳŸڶ࣬ʺϰִ󣬵һȷϣǲھʦʱ䣬һ˸ܶԷ˭嶼ڡ
ˣ
һĺ⣬һ̣âһһɫʱ֮ӽ±ŷֱӲٿʱ֮ʧ

ֺ׳
վס
ȥʱͻȻ֮䣬ǹꪽ棬ſڣߴĻǰֱסȥ·
ǸҶү񣡡
廹ûзһԵӥŭɶ
ǴƵӢۣسͨգЩڣһǶ徴мӣ⼸ĻȻҶ񣬼ֱƻû˸˳

Ԥϣܵӥĺǳ⣬û£ӥҪŭ
ү⣬ҪղܻؾǺôĵӣȻðүүһǫѷξͷŹǣȥ
ͺڿİһ
忴ǰüһ˿
ûϳԼȫûбˣֻȥһȻϲү
Ͽ뿪
׼ϵʱˣУһ񲨶һ̣·˵Ѩһһ
ľ뵽ԺС
ܣ
ֻƬ̣һıɫ
ʼֻΪ˿˻ĳֶ磬̽ѰǵԺȴȻ־ȻûκιԼļ䡣
ԼĴƺ˴ǵԺгĨȥҿû˿ۼ
үʲô𣿡
ӺӥһֱԱ߶壬ʱķӦʵ
ûС
ҡҡͷ
׼ʱһ̣벻鷢ˡ
飡飡
ĸߴ·ľ׮㣬ֱͦͦĵ£˹ȥ
һĻ˶סˣҲ͸һ˿㵡
Լھ裬ո̶ֳȵ̽Բʵǿʡ
˵ʾô򵥡
һɲǣɫޱȡ
ֻһδƽһûȥ̽еԵɣһ̣һ󱩺ƥȻڴ
ʲôˣ
꣡
ȣһ಻ϵĻ
̶ʱ䣬ﰵӰӰ´£Ӱڸ
ǽϣſڣľУҲ˴֣е׷׼ˣдƳе
ſĵ£ķƣһ̣˶ʱʸ֮ġ
ԽӽŵʱһԵӥĿһЩ֮УһϤӰ
ȸãЩ£ѵүϲ𣿡
ӥһڽг֡
ȸһѵģƴӣҲӥ˷ܵԭ
ǡʦ
ź꿪ʼûע⣬Ǻܿ죬˷
㲻ȥôǰˣ
ȸһ˷ܣæ첽ӭ
Ÿʲôѹ
ȸһΧӰʱ׷ɢȥ
һ·ߵӥǰȸһĽ֮飬˷ܺϲزסġ
ˣʦλ˭
һ䣬ȸȴӥԵ塣
ˣ
һ̣Ϊȸĳ֣ջ˺ܶ࣬ǵȸ˵һ仰ٴαýš졣
ӺҵһƤǿֹ


ڶǧپʮ ľ֮
ʦе⣬±ĻҪء
ȸʶӥȴʶ壬֮ǰҲͬʶ壬ֱ
ȸᵽӥʱ˵⣬ȥķ飬ȸ֪
ڵΣҪôȸˣҪү֮ǰʱĶ磬ǿǵȸΪ˺Ըųڶ֡
Ӻҵ࿴һۣɫǰδеء
Ǻǣȸʶ𣿡
΢΢һЦһͻȻǰʵ
˵ʱضȸ·Źκһϸ΢ͷӦ
Ǻǣ㲻ǰΣôܲǵ㡣
ȸ΢΢һЦΪ˵͸żС
ȻеȴԽˡ
ȸϵӥϵΩϵ壬ҺӥȥϢһȸȻϵǣ롣
ȸ˵ӵĽ黹Ƽˮ֮ʵϣߵҪҲĸ֮һ
үβȸǵļֺܴ룬һʦ˵ļ䶼˴۸ˡ
ͻȻʹôܣ
š
΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
һ㣬ſڷϲǵŮʱɣ˵ڵˡΨһ׵ǣʲôģΪʲôҪô
ǳҵĻΪʲôɱȸǶʹַʽ
ӥҵҰڵǰҪݾߡ
ӥסȸ븮УҪĽһϢ
þֱԺйͨ
ǣү
˻ཻһѸٴһ¡
ȸĲʶ𣿡
źһУ΢΢һЦͻȻǰȸһۣڵ
Ǻǣλ̨
ȸȻһЦҪϣһ㵲ѵĻ
Ǳ㻹Уÿձ˯𣿡
̶һ仰ͬһʯ£ȸɲʦ̨ȸһ
ǱӵĶΪ˻רŶһöð񣬽УԺ˯
鼫Ϊ˽ܣʦû˵ʦλ̨Ϊʲô֪
Ǳ㻹ǵ˭𣿡
忴ȸһε
¡
ڤڤУ·һըȸֻԺһƬңʯ䣬ƺƬ·ɽ緢Ժб
ǡ
ȸͻȻ˫ֱͷģüͷ壬¶һ˿ʹɫ
ӵĶΪʲôôأô顣
УΪʲô᲻ǵôҪĶ˭͵ģǴӺζ
һɲǣǧͷ׷Ժ֡
ԣ㵽ʲôˡ
ΪʲôҾǰ㡭
ȸǰ壬ʹͬʱԳһԻ
һĻг̾һָᵯһ΢ɲȸڣƽԺеʹ
ܣӵҲɫӡ
ôģǵȻдָ壬Ȼӡ˺ü棬ʼԭȴ͸ȸȸȻӣ
ȻȸԺйļ䱻Ĩȥ͵ĶǱܵıš
ʲôڲһУȻҲ޷죬һʧ
ӥǾڴ˸ǰɣ
ӥһɫ¼ˣܿ뿪ˡ
ڼ뿪󲻾ã䣬嶸ڿնһɫʱ֮˲˸߿֮С
֮ϸ£ټľʦҲֻĥ̰С
˫΢գһӴľɢͬʱͨ˾ʦص׵
ʥµػڳ֮ǰѾĿȨ˵̥κʱֻҪıԸ⣬ʱٴνӹܡ
ˣ
ֻƬ̣һƬء
֮ǰոյִﾩʦʱ͸оʥµ⣬ֻûϵǣʵαĻҪء
ԭӿ磬̺ʥӴȴһƬţҪǣ巢Լȫʧȥ˺ʹ֮ϵ˵ǲݴˡ
Ⲣ屻˿Ȩţ·𱻷ӡһ㡣
ֹˣĺĺԴȪǻʹʷֻҪʷڣһֱͣתڣĸоУʷ֮ϵҲжˣͺһεϺب֮䡣
΢۾Ժ˲Ϣͷ
𣿡
֪˹ã帩·߽˵֡
·һо£ܹһеĿ¾ֻˡ
̫صˣҲΪ
ˣȴûκɣԽء
ֻһ֣һţӹûκιϸأʥʣҲֻ֪֣һ֪
ֹˣʮֱ̫ǿߣҲƺЩ̫
쵮ʱʮֱ̫ǿö࣬˫һʱġ
ò̫Ԫļж
ֹˣǰ֮ǰһ˲جΣȻʱƶӦ죬ҲԼһģӰʵϣûп
һĵˣ
У
峤һܿع
ûгȥ޸󣬻ͼųе谭ǡǡ෴ֻתۼ䣬ˣһĲȫɢϢûһй¶
էһȥʱޣͬϵĸư㣬ȻȻоĴڡ
ˣ취ҵһеס
Ŀգһ£Ժһͷ
˵ûΨһǴƾʦ˿ڣƣ족ʱδܸ֪ԼĴڡ
ʩչ̫Ԫġľ֮˼壬ȫϢ£˵ĸоͬŢеһظľ㡣
ԡ족ı壬ֻܱЦ󷽣ˣֻķһоȫͬ

һ絴·㣬˲ʧУ·ڡ

ʦϣҸۡ
ٷλ˳صΪ޽ˡĸСھסĸۡĸףһеԴҲԶöࡣ
ʱҸۡƻ̨ͨͤŵЦ绨ϲֵѾߡˡ
ܽ£࣬ϣɽʯϡĴŲʵƣҫõƻͨһƬϲ졣
ҺҵĻĿҸۡܶطװһ£¶˲ѡ
ˣ
ҸۡԺǽһһӰȻ˵·˫ͬǿհ貶ĿʾһвϿȥô򵥡


ڶǧپʮ Ĩаˣ
塣
һаãû̫ı仯
Ŀɨķһͷ
αװ֮ĵһǲ̽˵İΣ֪ǡ족ߣڼΪ֮м£ı巢֣ĸСã磬硭ȫڡ
뿪ǰȣûκα仯
ֻǣһͬĨȥ˹ļ䡣
˵ǻǵá塱ֻǸȴԼ
ĺƴϣдһЦһˣûκ˲

˼ʱһֻŸϲŽ˿ͻȻ̽һУ㽫Ÿ뻳С
ܿȡż㣬濴
ӥģӰ쵽ڣȴѾһʱˡ
ˣ
ż㣬һü䶸Ȼӹһ˿
ʦ֮Уէޱ䣬ոջԾʦе˽⣬صӥȥ飬ƺĻҪ⡣
ӥȥϵʦаԼ˴峤뿪֮ǰ˶ھʦôıʣûǵĶĿ
λ弫ΣֻҪҵǣһԼҲô¡
ӥĵȴгȥ
а˺˴峤ǱĨ䣬һУֻˣĳˣǡǡ෴Ľ뿴ġ
һа˺˴峤Ĵڱ˳Ĩˡ
ӥѯˣȥаڳܾӵҲȥ˳апֵܳĵطȫȫûҵǵĴڣҲûκ֪˭аˣҲȫǵϴ峤ˡ
ҵ鵽ġ
һмֱëȻ
ǵĴڲǱ˵ˣǴ˵ļĨˡ
ʶа˺˴峤ʵ٣ϵͯӡСáа˾ȥ˵Ǽ¥˴ˡߵˡӥҵΪȥ˶а˺˴峤øɸɾ
忴еż㣬ɫѿޱȡ
ǰΣӲġ
ʦ˴峤ߣǰΣҪôǺԼһ˾ʦе쳣޷Կʱ뿪Ҫôǡ岻롣
µԽ˷롣
뾩Ƕʱʦ׷ʲô
ˣ岢ûʧȥһˮʯ֮ǰκοԶڡʦ˴峤ߣǿУҲûԱ֮
һδԼĵ
ף
ڳ˼ʱһϤӶдعֻһϤӰıӰӲԶլȥ
ԾʱĿбӣȫûж࿴һۡ
Сã
Ȼ
治ԼСãһ㶼û䣬ôûûΡ
岢ûоκˣ΢һ˼⣬漴һ˸Ժȥ
ȵԼ鷿
鷿ɫ㣬һлԼ뿪ǰĲһûκα仯
ȸռ𯳲
ڵĴ
ʦûһϵ壬ļȴʵ˵Ժģֻǲѡ
ΪǣȻʦڴ׼塱֮Ļ£˵ĸоǱʶУƺھʦ岻̸ͨѰ䣬ȴûκһ֪λľ١
Ҹۡϵˣ˵Ǹ塱ͷͷǵαװݣѯ˵òȴֶһãȻȫǵĳࡣ
ξͺ˶סһ鹹һ㡣
Ȼʮ֮󣬾ǡҹĴ飬ʱλҪֳԭΡ
廹ϵˣʼҲΪһеĺģԼȻҵ𰸡
ˣϸĲ鿴ܣȻ鷿ûб䶯ȻһЩϸں鷿Ĳòһ
ӦòֻǵĶ׫һˣ
һܿһ߸ߵıʼȡһֻǺʡ
ּʵһֱ̫ÿʼ͸̫ƽʣŤŤһ㣬һֱԼ鷿֡
һ֧ԼϲǺʣȴ֧
ֻ֧Сָϸӹѡģ֧ë죬ֳΪʡʼϵ֧ǺȴǻҺɫ
īҲùĥȥӦд֡
΢΢۾Ժϸ顣
뿪ǰʱ䣬鷿кһλÿֹ͡ι鷿ùī
һͻȻ̫ʦϰֱֻſ𵶵İڷϣ΢΢һӵ̬ϸ鷿
һ̣Ȼͬȫһİˡ
˻
Ȼֻһ˲
һһα壡
Կ϶ҶԷһ˰ɵ̬ϸͼͨ鷿͸Լ
һɲޱȡ
𣿡
޷ȷʣԺ֯Ѳ˹ϵ
֨ѽ
ʱͻȻһľƿУһŤͷȥһҡһϤϢĸ֪С
ֻһ˴޳УӺݻ˽

üͷһһţ־Ҫѿڶһ룬Լݣױʵеһˣǡ塱
ʵϣ¶ԭòҲһϵԼ
ǡ
߽ϵ壬ɫҲһȻû뵽ˡ
ˣ
æվ¶вصĹһ
Ǹˣصعү鷿
ԭˡ
ֻ΢΢һЦû׷
Ҵŵɭϣȴûộܶ෽ʵǳĺƣҲѾϲҵԭ
ˣ
ܿõһԣȻҪĸϣ֪ڻʱ
˵˳̫ʦ£һֱڷϣ˫üȻȻ
£
ͻȻڵ
ĸôãǵһοĸǵӡ
ûʲô
ֻǵȻһЦ˰֣ȻԸ̸
ʲôѵĻ˵С˿Ϊ֮͡

ĸ׺ǰ¶ǵģĸԽǲ˵巴Խ֪
ûʲôϾǳˣֻǲ֪ΪʲôǸоﲻԾ
˵˵ʱĿʹⷬ˵˵ģ˵˵Լġ
ˣ
˵ģ˻ֻһᣬȴҵ
ӽ뾩ʦڣͺһ˶Ĵڣ⻹ǵһ˲һĵط


ڶǧپʮ VS죡
֪˾ﲻף
ʵû׵ı¶вء
˵ΪʲôǸоЩԾ·ﶪʧ˺Ҫһһ
һֻؿڣڵ˵һ룬Լȴ̲סʧЦ
Һ˵ЩʲôôˣѾɼҵȢҵĹǹҫ鹵飬Ӧø߸˵ġ
˵ţüͷ΢΢չֻüǺͲζȴɲûлȥ
˵Ҳ֡
˵ţĿ䵽ϣ
ЩҴöҲû˵֪ΪʲôȴǰܸоʱЩУͺ񡭡ͺһ
ʶ³仰ԼҲסˡ
ܿ죬˫ü𣬾ȸղĻ·ʲôԻ󲻽顣
Ҳ
ף
һǣӿů˵ĸо
ʦޱ䣬ĻͺһֻľֲٿһУĨ˹Լļ䣬ԹˡѾߣԼĲ£ʦİգ˶ǵԼ
⻹ǵһ˱ϳԼ
ĸײ书ԶԶȲһЩͨߣǱĨȥ˼䣬ɻǼǵԼ
ס
촽Ҫ˵֡
ʱһͻȻֱԺֱ
аоԾȻðŷ̽Լĸס
˻һãȻЩû׹ʲô£壬ȴرɫ
죡
ɫһ䣬鶸Ȼޱȡ
ǸϢ岢İ֮ǰһпỷУѪ֢졣
û뵽쾹ȻڴʱͻȻ
ˣ
û˿ԥâһһɫĻסԼĸףͬʱѸٽĸ
̧ͷϷһ㣬ʱоһɷĲ
ǹǿֵͬʱһӴĽסҸۡ
һֱڵ
֪ԼҲ֪Լһĸףصһ
һɲǣвһǿҵΣոС
ˣҲ졣
ͬһʱ䣬ϤϿմеȴ⡣
Ҳ̶ֳֻȡ
ݵ赭дĶȴƤԺ˲ըˡ
죿
ǸǿޱȣһֽԼþ֮еĴھȻ죿
оԷľԼǿܶ࣬£죬ôܻǿĴڡ
ȻûмңҵӦòİ
¡ؽһ£̫أΪԭҺͨԼֱ̫ǿ߶һϤģǴϵַҵıȴһž塣
ˣֱ̫֯ǿֻҪ겻Ϳתⶼǳҵֱʡ
ЦŽܵ
仰ɫ˲ѿޱȡ
˵֣岢İУ̫Ӧú˲ࡣ
ʵϣ廹ֵ֯ļп̫صĴڣڿԼԶԶ͹λһֱĻ֮ǰδı̫ء
֯ϵ죬ô˿±ԼĻҪ֡
壬൱棬ôʱǵһƻǵľƻ㻹ɱ̫ʼ
һиýˡ
ӴľѹԴԴϣһһ·˳㣬Ϸˢ¡
̫Цһ¶һɴյĸоͷ·һжƿ֮С
û˵ޱȣȫǽ˼㣬һĹһʱ˳ֵ׼
̫̫侲ˣ侲˸оѾƶһܹɱԼ˿Լܡ
ּ䲻õĸо
ˣ㲻Ϊһɡ
ˣ֮ӳˣ
̫صЦдһ̣һתʱոһƺʾĳ߹Ĵڡ
һ̣̫صͬӳݾһ㡣
ֻƬ̣ĸ֪У¡ͷϷշ·ѿһ㣬ͬһʱ䣬һӴϢ·ոɢޱ޼ʵ棬ȻҸۡϷ
壬ܾˣһиýˡ
ͻȻǵϢĳ֣һϺƴ󣬵ĮޱȣҸۡϿջ졣
ֹˣͷǣоǵصĺƵâ֮У̺ϤϢ
ĩӡǣ
һͻȻʲô
̫ԪõһöĩӡǣټϴɹöȻûгƾöĩӡǣıͷųӴ
ҲζţķԶκʱҪǿ
¡
էǼ䣬һ̺޾Ŀֲɽ緢Ȼк¡
ĻŨˮҸһĻĩա
ûйԣķֱӷ˻ԵĹ
һɲֲĹǰҸۡƮҡͬ׺һڣʱиΣա
Σ
ŨҵΣУ
һֱĹ
ڣѾﵽ˶쾳۷壬ԼʱշҲԶԶ¾󲿷ߣֱ̫ǿߣһҲȲ塣
ڼǣܵǹɿֲĹ֮仹ž޴ĺ蹵
ʱգڹһչ¶裬ԶԶԽԼ
ı廹ڷӡ֮Ул۵ľͼȴΪ屻ӡܵ˿
ĸ֪У飬Լعһָӵķʽʱ֮ںĻ棬Լѹ
һҸۡĸһɲǣҲоǹӴĻԵһѾ߿Ϸ¶־ɫ
ǿֲû£Ѿ˼Ӵѹڣ˵ȫϵ塣
ڣ
ϵһ췢ʱ˲֡
¡𶯣һľͻȻʯ䣬Х£һɫĹ⻷ͻȻŷ
Ⲣһζʱֻ֮һκκһʩչȻͬ
һգ۵ʱ䶼µʱ֮һģıˡ󻯳ɳǧʱ֮鲼Ҹۡ
ÿѾ˽¶һɫʱֹ֮ˣһ֮ĽУһӴİɫʱ֮ŰΧҸۡ
¡
һĹâͬʱȻ˲Ϣ䣬ˣͬҸۡȫʧ
Ժһ޴Ĺƾո֣ҫա
һ̣ˣҸۡڣȫ뵽˹֮С
һսϵ˵Բʧ
ɣǾһս
ŭХ쳹ء


ڶǧپʮ Ϸӣ
¡¡Ӵע£Ժֹ˲ֹ൱ҸۡĴС
ҫ۵Ļϣһһʮɳľ޴ɫܣ֮С
֮
ǿĹ̬ȫĴ̼£¶
ǰͬӴĴ̼£֮ԶԶԽǰκʱ
Ƕ֮ս̫ʼʩչ֮ʱҲԶԶ޷֮ȡ
ʱ岻ϵشĦУһѾپԴǽԼĲ컯ԼʱյĹ֮뵽С
ʥﴫеһҲ뵽Уƺƴġ桱֮
һԲʮڣն纣ƺܲסһ
ն֮
ı쳹һ̣ǾģȼĽɫʥ˲仮գͷϱĹݺնȥ
һɲؾ㾲ֲһǰʱ䶼·ֹ
޾ʱҲΪһ
˼飡
һĻʱ̬ڵ̫أΪ֮Ŀ
һ已̥ྐྵȻܹǼӵֵزʵǾˣǰֱֶ̫ҪȻʧɫ
ϧȻĶ֣
ȷʵǿɻ츳Уֵ塣
ǲǼ򵥵츳־ڹ͵ġ
ǰκνţν츳Ϊ
ʱһŽɫĹâ̾Ϣ㣬â㲨һ£̺ܵǿ񲨶Ȼ̫أ
ûõģϰˡ
ƴ󡢺Ͽմͬյһ㡣
¡
ֻһ˲кµĺɫͷų˺˵֮ƣݺײĽɫʥϡ
һ̣һǰ¶Լµʵ
˵Ĺͬһʵɽ壬ôͬһӴɽټʵɽҲ޷һӴɽ⡣
¡¡
ֻһ춯صľ죬ɿֲڰײһ
꣡
ֻһ죬·ѿ㣬ֻһԺӴĹܵ޴Ĵˣҫ۵ĺ֮гһϸܵơ
ۣ
һ˲ſһѪԭҲ˲ò԰ޱȡ
̫ǿˣ
һɲǣܵһǿ𺳣һֱΪ֮⣬ԼӦѾ˿ɵ
ν֣ȴܵĿֲ
һ̺˴ʱչֹ֮ǿ󣬼Ĺ۵Щʱ֮Ǳ׷߽ˡ
ȻһлԶûн¡ƺƣǿֲ£˲һ޴ݺҵ˴֮С
ľУغʦҲΧ̳𣬶ڵĵ濪ʼѣݣϸѺۡ
ĶԾ֮Уȫʧܶա
ˣ
УʱһŽɫâڵ̫أ·˵һ˭Ҳ֪Ļ
Ǹˡ
˾ˣб𡣡
仰ڷ֮У˽֪ҲӦ飬ȴ֪仰塣
֮ǰ֣ǻ¹ɵĳ֣ĳ֣֮ս̫ʼ崳һһأҲɱ֯ǿߡ
һδεʤ˴жϣΪ֯ʵˣƾһ֮ԶԿ֯
ף֯һ֯һˡ
˾죡
֯һжģʮֱ̫ǿҲһδμԪ֮ʱȳġ
൱ֱ̫ǿߣġ
˵촴֯
Ը⣬Դһ֯
ֱ̫ǿ߶ɱɾֻҪ컹ڣͿԴڶĲֱ̫ǿߡ
֯ͻĴڡ
˺֮Ĳ岢ףһֱĶù
񣬵һ̣Ҳζһ־ó׽ˡ
ʲô֮ӻ֮ӣڸ߸ϵǰҲԶֻǴһ϶ѡ
ӭ˰ɣ
ƴĮӸ߿
ȷʵǿչ̫ˣҸʱҲûôѾȥ̫ȣ廹ࡣ
ֲ츳޹أǳû۵Ľ
¡
УŴ۵ĺ⣬һĺ𵴣һִҵĹ޾ʱǵأɽ·׹䣬ŵϵݺݺ
һ֮ǰӵǿ
Ѿˣһֹ
ۿҪûɥȻʱȫ벻鷢ˡ
Ϸӣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ俢ʱδ䣬ҵķͻȻϷĹŷ
ͬһʱ䣬ؼһƵķ֮
һ޴ąeַųڰ֮С
ţdַű仯Ϊһʮɸߵľ޴ӣׯϣɣبϷ
Ƿǧÿһ£һСһӣǧСͬǹ£ھ޴ķΧٲȻΪһƴķ硣
Ϸӡ
䣡
ıըУǾ޴ķɫѸϷʯ֮䣬ЮźƵķ⣬ݺݵӭֲһ
ˣ
һĻʱһֱԹ۵̫ػ¶˼𾪵ɫ
̫Ԫôܣ
ͬΪֱ̫ǿߣ̫ԪϤˡ
̫ԪѾɱΪʲôᵽϣ
Ӧò֮ܳΪˣһ̣̫ͷĹУһȻͬ
ĵһ̥
̫Ǭ̫ʼ̥֯Ѳܡ
֮У̫ԪǰһӵļԼĹͬʱҲǿ塣
Ϸӣ
ڵľѾҪֶ쾳ֱӾ͸˹кͬеĵһ̥
̥츳ԭѾﵽ˰벽۷ľ硣
ֻһЩĶѣõ̫ԪĲģһֱ̥Ӿͻ־޴ϣ˲뵽˶쾳
ҵһ̥屾ͻΪһ壬顢以๲ڶ쾳ϵиҲһ̥ȫա
ĵһ߶쾳
̫ػ죬ֻ֪ﵽ˶쾳ȴ֪еڶ߶쾳̥Ĵڡ
߶쾳̥ĳ֣̫һ⡣
¡
ʯ䣬ֻâһһӰ˶쾳̥ԡ
һ̣ıͷһ֣ͬƴȫ췢˻һ


ڶǧ Сʾ
ҿ
ȫܾȫϵһ̥ƽǿһ
̫ԪȻҵ㡣
ʱͻȻϿմƴȴû̫Ĳ
ֻϧ㻹ǲһ㣬өվөе书޴µģƥУ
ɣ֮ӣ
ֲͬһ㣬ҫգﶼΪ֮Ȼʧɫ
һ̣챾Ѿ˼ӴоȻһɼӴİ
ĿУԭĺͻȻ仯˺ڶɫ˴˻תͬһ㡣
컯ôܣ
һǣޱȡ
Ĵ컯Ƿ켫ѧݿѧϤ
ʩչǴ컯ɡֻ岻ͬŴ컯ڸһĴڡ
˵ƾԼĴǣ˴컯Ľ棬ֲȱݣôǰʩչģžľ汾
ǬϾʱա
һǣĺɫâУ̺˶ٵʱգ嶼
˵һֱҪ׷ȴûдﵽġ
죬ǰ򵥵ʩչˡ
ײʱգǹκΪ֮Ȼ
Хǿֲͬйբĺˮһк¡
һɲǣĳˮס
ʵԶκĶҪ£ܱ屻ӡķչֳѾκ˸оľ
һͻȻЩΪʲô̫ػһϹˣⲢΪڶأĻжʵľš
üͻͻֱһ̣оһŨҵüϢϢ
ȻʲôѾˣҲ޷Ϊ̫Ѿȫ
¡¡
Ӵϯ£ʱնڲƺܲסɿֲۿ͵һ̥ҪĹشʱ벻鷢ˡ
ˣ
Ҹۡĵصһǿҵ𶯴ͬһʱ䣬һϤУ
ˣ㣡
ǸϢڵصײ֪˶ãֱʱȻ̫زµĽҲ޷赲
ˣֻգ֮䣬һϤӰɫĹŴףӵصһԾǰ
Сʣ
Ƥû뵽ʱӵص׳ľȻǰ֮ǰھʦСʣ
ħ㺦Сݣҵˣ
ҲŹ㣡
ʱ˿̵СʳʱϢڵλֱȥ
ϣĳһԹޡ
һ̵СʣҲġ
Թ޻ΪŨҵĺƺƵռݵǾ̫ʼбŷޱȡ
ڳ֧µޣκʱҪǿͿ¡
ˣڻ㣬ӣ
ѾʧȥһˣҾʧȥڶˣ

Сʺ쳹ء
˵ʱʱ죬ڴӵ³ɲǣûκԥС˲߶쾳ǿ
ֹˣСʿֲľһҲһ𳹵׵ıѿ
ޣ
оǿֲģԵľ籩һ̫ضɫ
ֱ̫ǿ߲̫ͬǴľڣȻڶĻЩ˵ͬ˴·һ
ϣ̫ؾĴڡ
СʵըΣ˲ǾԱ̫Ĵڣȴӵо޴в
;ǿȶԣΪľڵڳ״̬̫أҲԸֱּĿֲը
¡
һ춯صıըƥĻžʵʣռ䣬ҸۡڵԭһɫĽ֣СԱ£Ȼѿһ϶
ԭȹ̵Ľ磬һҲ˾޴
쵰ҽ磡
̫ؾӸ£һĻҧгݣŭѡ
ȻڼΪڣһЩƣȴƲ֡͵ȡľ
Ϲʱ֪ɱȡǵľɵʮֱ̫
ȻһͷޱƵôǱǰ綼ˣܡ
أ⣡
߿еʱ̫ĽɫâУâһֳһһң׵Ĺϳӣӱ滹ϵĽɫƣʥޱȣɢһǿ
̫֮ߣ
̫صıҲĳԪǿ
̫һҪӡ
ֻϧ̫ص͹ķӦ
Сʱը̫׼̫سߵɲǣһӴľ͸϶֮٣Ȼʱ̫Ľɫâ
徫ĳ£̫صĶɲӳ٣һɲǵĻᣬ͵һ̥˲䱬Լǿһ
ն֮
Ϸӣ
˵ȫһټСʵԱһɼֲ
ϯأ
ȻĿֲһ˶ȴǵĮƽʼһ
ûõģǲ
Ǻƴһ̩ɽϷѹ¡
ķǿò˼飬ҲȻ޷ֵ
죬һУ
ƺƣۿ˫ǿײ壬˵ϵһ벻鷢ˡ
һɫʱ֣֮УȻһŷƵĶꪡ
̫Ǭ֮ꪣ
ﺣ֮ϣ̫Ǭıʱ˿̱Ը졣
Ϊ̫Ǭıƽӵмǿ֮ƾԶԸ죬͵һ̥СʶԸĹؼʱ̣ȴӳ˹ؼá

ʯ䣬ڻƽͻеɲǣԥ̫Ǭı
䣡
һ챬ըƽըɳǧƬըѸٻΪһɿֲɨ˷Уһǿ
䣡
塢һ̥ԼСʵҵײһټϻƽ̩ɽصڳһ˿ң¶һ˿
߿УʱҲһͻһ֣춼оһ˿ȡ
ѾϾȥ˼һЩˡ
Ը⣬һࡣ
ս˫֮һֱϢĽ棬мʱʼûмı壬Ϊʥһĵˣʵòһֱ֪ġ
Ȼʱ˿̣ȫϾ˼ˡ
ߣ
û˿ԥһǿҵɫâ˲סһ̥ͬһʱ䣬һţһɫʱ֮ѸٷסСʱըĲкۡ
Ϊ˶Կ죬壬СʺޱƴȫԸоѸ˥ͬ
Աκ˵ǴɣһԱɡ
СʣסΣҶģ
ҧˣâһֻǵָ䣬Сʲͬˮ̮尵ɫʱ֮С


ڶǧһ ꣡
𣡡
ڷӡͬʱԥ֮ʯһտɫסСʵĲлꡣ
Ŀǰ֪ΨһܱСʲл
ˣ
ʯ䣬ŵһ̥Сʲл꣬ԼеˣΪһ磬͸¶˿Լ̫ؽе˿϶ɶݶ
ڴһ٣˲䱬Ǳ䣬ͬըɫǹâһƿʱգʧ޾ʱ
ߣ
س߾γ
󷽣һĻ̫ɫһ䣬Ǹϵߣһǿ֧£иǱŷһɳǧЩݺύΪؾγ
ϸɳʱһʱ룬ѰҲ
Ϊؼʱ֮һ̫ȴӵһЩֶΣȻԴӺ嫵ʱѰ˿׷ٵ塣
ˣȥɣ
ȻʱһϤޱȣͻȻֱ̫صԺ
̫ػһԭҲڿУûм
ˣôˣǰ˽ѵ»СĽܶ࣬ץסûôˡ
̫ػعʱոĳط
вʵ̫ˣɱ̫Ǭ̫ʼ˵һԳ֣޵ȻǱҵᣬɹܣԺҪץ¾ûôˡ
岢ߣһϢھʦУҲѰõ
ҪǣѾƻǾƻڵƻɷжպ󻹲֪֯ɶв
⣬ߵģҲ߲ˣҪ˶ãͻԼ
һĵĮͬʱ͸һϣƺһжС
·̫ƺʲô
ǣˡ
̫غܿ쿪ڵޱȡ
ľ޻ɣȻô˵ôضٴλ
ˣâһϢ̫صϢ˲ʧУϣĿ꣬ԭҸۡڵλһƬհףͺԭˣӲֹʲôһ
֪˶ãҸۡΧһȺһӰӷ˳
ЩҸۡԭڵλãһĿãȻƺ֪ʲô¡
׼ȷ˵˵ˣڹʲôң
ڤڤУƺĳЩһδӾʦյԺбĨˡ

޾ʱ磬ͣԾ任λãƴ뾩ʦ
޾ʱձһõ֮أ¶ڶ쾳ǿ˵Ҳ׷١

֪˶ãоǹӰε׷ٳʧһ
ڰˣ
૵һսķȫʧһƽꪣСʶԱ˲ȡһҲ˺ۡ
ϸ룬һսһս
ʵԶǿö࣬һֱΪ쾳ǿߵʵ̫⣬ķҲﲻ侳ȻĽķȻ侳൱ĸ쾳ǿߡ
˫Ĳ̫⣡
ʯ䣬ЩͷԺзӶܿϾȥ˼Щ
ˣ
һţһտɫĹâ
Сʣһģ
΢Ĺâݺݵҧ
СΪ˰ѲԱ꣬û׵Ĵѣϸ룬лкܶԻ󣬱ΪʲôҸۡĵصǸʱͻȻ
ЩѾҪԸоСʵ鲻ͬʱϨ
Сʣס
һͨǹɵɫĹâ漴ȫĶ쾳ӿУάտɫâȶ
֮ʯСʵ꣬۸ʲôĴۣ۸㣬ҪҾȻ
˲乵ͨԺе֮ʯҧݺݵ
ԱϱɣѾķ룬ֻܰϣ֮ʯϡ
ĿǰΪֹ֮ʯѾչ಻˼飬ԶԶԼٿڱСĻܣ֮ʯ
ˣ
ƺܵеǿԺУ֮ʯҵĹâһ̣һεסСʵĲлꡣ
յ󣬲лɨС
⵽Ŀ̶꣬98̣Ԥʮķ룬Ŀ곹ʧ
֮ʯеٴ
̶98
֣仰˵ڵСѾӽûһˡ
ңСѾڽУҲζš
岻ȥ
ʵ࣬ϹʱǶħĴʣеЫڴɾĵ¶˵һʱ˫ҲǵжԹϵС
һ·Ӵ巢η壬Ы£СʵҲӵһźһ꣬һԼϲŭ֣ҲеίҲо¶¡
ڱϣʵһˡ
ҪǣСΪԼԱģ
֮ʯСʣξ
ִ֮㣬ֻҪһΣҪ
ҧִŵ
岻֪֮ʯûʱ˿̣嶯Լ뵽ķʽ˵ִ֮㣬ܹ뵽ǿַʽ
һƬţհĿ£˵֮֮ʯ뵽һƬľĬ·ڲͣɨꡣ
յĿٴɨС
һӣӡ
ʱ仺Ĺȥÿһ붼ꡣ
ʱʱĸ֪ûôһҲ㲻ʲôǶ˵Сʵֻʣʮˡ
ɨĿ̫أܣ
֪˶ã֮ʯٴͬһ޴صײԺУϣ
֮ʯ޷𡭡
ǰҰû뵽㾡ȫСʵҲȻȲ
⻹ǵһΪ˾Լ
һֻ̣ؿڶһʯͷܡ
ȻʧȥϣʱͻȻ֮벻鷢ˡ
ٴμУ
ĿƬм⵽΢СĺĲ֣Ŀ޷ܣ8ļʣһ̬Ƿִ֮Ŀꣿ
ž
ޱȵļž
һɲǣ˶סˣΪѾûκεϣû뵽·תȻı仯


ڶǧ ˴֮
8
вһ£ɲҷɾ衣
ʣĲʲô˼
С
֮ʯһƬţƬ֮Ϥٴ
޵ʺ಻ͬνģ־еĲֻ֣Ҫһֲ飬ྫҲкܴĸ¸Ŀ̶̫أʼֻͣ8
𰸣嶼סˡ
޵̬಻ͬ
嵱Ȼֻ֪ûϵ⾹ȻΪ޵Ĺؼ
֮ʯʹһа취һҪ޻

յöȨޡ˴Ϊִ٣ӵ˴Ļᣬ˴ιʣһζö˴Ļᡣ
ʹá
ʹ˴֮
ԥ
ˣ
廰䣬һӴӿ֮٣ӿ뵽СʵĲл֮С
ɲǼ䣬ֻܣ̶ʱ䣬ԭտɫĻϺɫһ淶Χֱ࣬һ̿һ̬¯һ㡣
䣡
һҵĺϺɫĻĽͺһͷεľˣӶſľ޴ݺôСʵĲлꡣ
˵Ĵ֮
䣡
ξ޴£Ըоǰһָһ͸оԼȥʮ֮޵㡣
һ̣ͻȻЩΪʲô˴֮ΪȨˣһȥʮ㣬ٶĻҲһգؼǣҪСʵ꣬һܽ˵ġ
䣡
ƴвһ˴ȥİ㣬Сʵûиա
ˣҲĸ֪Сԭһ˲٣ࡰʡҲôȥ
СĸռʣҲ89һһСʴļʲ9101112
Ծ޶ķţȴû̫ĲСʵ㶼Ҫ
֮ʯǷʽСʸļʣ
忪ڵ
Сʵĸռ28ĸо˴ЧԻͺĳһ
һַɺܴ˺
֮ʯĬƬ̣ڿڵĻû˵꣬㱻ˡ
ʲôۣʹã
ԥ
䣬һ̣ҵϹ˸յ֮ʯû˿ԥڤڤһε֮ͨʯ
ˣû巴Ӧһ̣һӴ֮ʯбоԼڵľ֮ͬʯȡȥȻΪĳϣע˴֮С
䣡
ĿУ֮ʯٴ˴ֻ֮ͬһԿһ޴ʵʣֱգȻھ޴ĺ֮٣ݺݵСϺɫâϡ
һ䣬Զʤ֮ǰ
Сʺĵֱӱ۳һţСʲлĸռҲͻ28Ѹٴﵽ58һ
䣡
֪˶ãһضҡоģƣʱеһжֹͣˡ
֮УϺɫĹâ񲻶ˣеʶɾֻһĵĶڰա
ԭȣźĲֻԭ1оҲΪ΢ȷȷʵʵСʵɡ
Сʣ
ŰϤϢϲޱȡ
ɹˣ
ǧ࣬СĻˣ
ϲԽæСʲдС
ȻСڵǳ΢ԶԶ޷۷ʱȣܹԱ֮ѾǲеĴҡ
ˣ
ֻһǣַ·ͣڣһ΢Ժ
ǰ壬СʵҲţǲ˼顣
ȻǳҵĴը֮Ҳû뵽Լܹ
ϲԽʱ䣬յϢˣ˵ѸһɾɨСʵꡣ
û⣡
ڵСѾʧȥԭǻصĺ൱һһҪ¿ʼ
岢ûдҵκ覴ã֮ʯƾűǿԲ˼ֲֶȱݡ
ûѾνСʻţҪġ
׷ʲô㻹ǵ֮ǰΪʲô
̽ʵ
֮УСʲû뿪һֱھʦĿǰΪֹΨһһ֪ġ
ֻȻЩģСԱԼɶˣڶ޷㡣
ĵ鷢ôԼСõ𰸵ϣһ𳹵
Ȼĵ鲢ûз
ˣǱˣ֯Ѿȫӹ˾ʦ
СʵտɫĹâд΢ȴǳȶȻѾΣգ
ζҪֹǣ
һ̣޽Լļչʾ塣
ԭԶս֮СʾһֱǻҸ֮ۡ䣬һ渺ߵİȫһҲȫں̫ʼǾǿ
ѾǲԼжûлùһΪС˵ҪĽ̬˳ɵ˫ֱ̬ʵһѶȵġ
һϣһ岢̫ʼʵ̫ǿˣһ߶쾳壬Ƕ˵Ҳм
ǿǵĶ
޴ʱ䶼ڵ°յĵطڵϵ鲢û̫ȥ֣һлѵģʵĵ̥
뿪֮󣬵̥һʦЩвƺʲô谭
ǵ̥鲻ԭ򣬺͵ڶ̥Ҳûܽ⣬뵽˵صޡ
Ϊ۾ǿȣ屾嶼Ȳϣ˵̥ĳЩϸ΢޵ĸ֪ҪԶöࡣ
޶弫ΪģԺܿԼȥѲ飬ȻѲʱ벻鷢ˡ
Сʷάʦһǿֱ֣ͣھʦ̥ܵ˹
ǵĲǱˣ̫غֱ̫ǿߡ
ļȻǿ󣬵̫ЩĶ쾳ϹȣвСĲࡣ
ʦϾĵطдĸ򣬻аˡ˴峤˴ԸսΧŵڶ̥͵̥Ҹۡ˼ս
һսֲ뵽УսԶеļҡ
޸ϵֳʱ򣬿ľ׷ɵʬԼ񱩵Ļ볡ҲƾӴľ̫ص˺ܴǣá
֮ټϵ̫ܺص˿һⳡսûнеĽֽ׶ΣһӰĺճ״ⳡսĽ̡


ڶǧ СݣƵԯ
죡
һ£Ѿµ˴𰸡
սҵʱһɺͻȻǿֲĻ˲ĵڶ̥аԼϴ峤˲ͱǹƾճֵ׻ˡ
˫Ĳ̫⣬ٵһ̣СڣȻûһ˿ֵǵĿ
仰˵Ŀûмͱˡ
˴峤а˰ڣǹɺУֱʧˡ
ĵڶ̥ֱ̥ʩչ˱磬ʦ⣬Ӯȡһ˿ߵĻᣬɹ˾ʦ
ĵڶ̥͵̥Լٲ˳ɹ֮⣬ȫ
Сʵļеõ𰸣һƬأþ˵
ڶ̥͵̥ߣĿǰϢа˺˴峤˱ܻһʯͷѹͷ
̶һ֮Уʦ֮з̫̫ˣñҲΪ
֮ǰġ
ⳡ֯ԼĽУʣӵһѾռϷ硣
ʦ峤ǰһǾȳģ
а
СʣΪʲôûиܣڵص£
ãʵ
һ̫һԣͻȻѣһֲ
СͻȻӵԱΪᣬûôܹ˳ѡ
˵СԼΪһͨ
Ÿϵսģʱעڶ͵̥ûйעңһھ䷽һ츳ͨ޺ʡ԰ȫľΪһţûκεϢ¶ҲѲ
СʳƬ̣ڵ
˵ͷһȷʵǳ⣬֮ͨǰ˴͸оˣԱܻȴΪ⣬ɹӹһ١
ʵǿһҪĸ֪»治ףΪȴһ
СʵĿһ㡣
ʱҲ׼뿪ʦһĻĶȴҸı⡣
Сʳ
Щ˳ɹ֮󣬲ûз˵ĸĸԼˣǡǡ෴ǰ൱һ˷ŻȥˡֹˣҸۡǶһ£ָԭ״ⲿûκһпͺʲôûзһʱҾ֪Щı󡣡
ǵĿľô򵥣¼Ŀܻǳġ
С˵Լжϣ
ʦ·;ңԶѰңҲһҵõˣҾҸۡĵصףеϢݷȴ˻
Сû˵ȥҲѾò˵ˡ
꣬鸴ӲѣǸжΡ
СʶԼĹ޶ģֻϧʵºܳһʱ䶼Իָˡ
Сʣлл㡣
Сʵ꣬Ըл
ģΣҶһ취ָ
˶٣ŵ
ˣʶ죿
֮ǰԱʱС¶ǹɿ̹ԹޣͻȻڵ
ǣɱСݵԪף
СʿڵζԹޣ
ٹǧ꣬ǻɻңҲԶǵϢ
Сݣ
Ŀһ£Ѿһδ޵Ŀˡ
Сݡͨͨƽƽȴֻ֪޶ĳƺ磬һǧţ˼סԺ֣Ƶԯ
˵ɱƵԯɱ֣
²⣬˵ϢȻܵһɼ𺳡
Ϊ˵ļ۶ٸƽʱλڶʷмأƵ۵ĽֶǴٹ٣Լڶĺ죬Ϊʷϵĵһλۡ
Ȼ첻ţҲһõĻ룬ΪƵԯǧŵľӵĺͳ£ҲӦǰ꣬еľһޡ
ǴСʵһпԶˡ
Ҽǵõ㲻ǱСԷصǸʱСӦǻŵģô϶Ǳɱأ
΢΢üڵ
һиûô򵥣СԵЩˣԭɳģνȣԭĲ£
Сʲŭ
ʲô
仰ɫˡ
˵кԯµȣȻйϵ뵽ġ
ǸԵϢ
ңȻұСݷӡڵصףԶִܵ棬ҺС֮һֱĳϵصײãҺС֮ϵ׶ϾˣڶϾ֮ǰյС͸ӷһϢ
СٴδӶߴ
֪һ᲻һдӵص׳ǰǶϢ
ңĶֺǿǿҿԶԿģһжڶԷ֮УʱѾսܣʧȥкǶԿңһҪסԲΪ𣬸뿪صס
ѶϢиңʱ֮󣬱ضһϢƵٴγ֣δĵڶˣҸ񵱳һδֵǸ˽һеĹؼΪսеһУ
Сʳ
һγĹ±޵һν¶·ٶϹǸңԶʱ˸оһĪļ¶͵س
е𶯵ǣԴӸԼ⻹޵һǰᵽصϢ
һͻȻСΪʲôʱУԴɾôƴˣڵصΪʲôôˣһп¾ΪɾԤԣֻ޷ǧĹ¶
ʱ޿̶Сݸ
ԣһ֣ϳˡ
峤̾һ
ֹˣһϸоСݵϢСݵĶǸСǾܸκ˵ġ
޺
û˵ıƽͬӿ
ԯϢ⵽ô£
ѵ˾ǧһۣУ
УСΪʲôһֱֳƻƵԯΪСݣ
֪СӦòϹʱ

ڹȥʷ岻֪ŶٲΪ֪ܡ
Сʣ˵ϣܵ˺СƵϢ˵𣿡
ãһͻȻָſһޱȣİĳֹԶᣬ󻯳һ֮ʯһģһͶӰ
֮ʯѺԼںΪһҲ޷ȡ廹ǿģ̬ɫͬʱһ֮ʯϢ䵽ͶӰ֮С
ٴⲿеͶӰ֮ʯһģһ
Щ֮ŶСʣûзŹκһ˿ı仯겨
ڵһЩ飬޿еСݣ²⣬ֻһֱ޷֤ʵѣ¾һõĻᡣ


ڶǧ ˵쳣
һƬžʱ˿̣ƺҲĵ֮ʯͶӰ
һɲǣֺͣСʵĶ

޿϶
ƽƽУ˲ըԺֱ죬ѪҺӿ
޶ûʶ˵ʲôԿ϶СӦò֪֮ʯĵϸǶ˵Ǽ򵥵֣̺Ѿȵˡ
һǧǰǸ޿еСݣ飬ݵǸȻһͬӵ֮ʯ
һɲǣɲ
ʯ䣬Ժ˼ǧ˲Ϣ뵽ࡣ
ǹµģ
Կ϶ǧ֮ǰλƵԯͬ
֪ԯ֣ȴԿ϶Сݡֿ²֡
ԼӦóƺΪ弸ţ
ţĺţֻһţ
һʵ̫ˡ
һ޷͵ǣһԼһλҲһԽߣο϶δкһ˳֣
굽׷ʲô
þƽ
Сʣģ˵СǱǸɱһ㾡ȫһΪСݱ𣡡
һعǰСʵ
⣬֪ڶ̥͵̥صλ𣿡
ʵ
̥֮ϵȻжϣ岻֪ʹʲôֶΣСһֱǱھʦ֮Уһ֪Ǳλá
ʵ̫ǿˣ߻̫ص˴Ը뾡ҵ̥ƣͬʱǵԸ졣
šǰӡȻӡܵӰ죬ȴܹжϳǵĴŷλ
޿ڵ˵ű㽫Լ֪еλø塣
ţСڵ״̬ǳ»鷳ǰһľӵҵ֮ˡ
һͷųһסСʵģ뵽֮ʯеıԴռУħ֮һ֮ʯ
ıԴռд˴ټ֮ʯСʵĻָмİ

ХСʵ飬嶨пմܡ
һƬɽ֮У¾һƬߵɽԲʮڸ˼
Ŀǰٶʱڣ̫ǲ׷ˡ
һܿһ顣
ˣ
һ̣һԺٻֹ
ֻâһһ֡ագֻǺǰͬǺɫĹâ̺֮һѺۣĿľ
ʵǿţڻ룬Ҳ𺳲ѡ
ųƸݣ᲻ɴݣں̫ʼս֮УεĹ̫ʼ
̺֮Ҳ˼㣬˵ǿìǿĶܵĽ塣
ǿķںսУֱӾͱˣ˲ĥѺۡ
Ҳֻǲһ£ܿѹеͷһΣһĨ㣬˹֮ʧ
ڽӣ
׵˵ǲ˼Ƕڶ쾳ǿ˵ֻǵָ֮ܰ쵽顣
ΪһöɴС棬һ޴Ŀռ䣬뵽֮УһۿľΧĴĺ⣬ںһƬƽ̹ĵϣ忴Ϥŵƽʣ˴Ҹۡ
Ⱳӳ磬ıˣ˵ҪľǼˡ
֯в嵱ʱΨһģͨԼƿصʱ֮ҸۡŲƵ֮С
ΧŲƣҲں֮սУ䱻ԭ֮һ
ˣȴڡ
ϤĸۡмһΣĴҸۡԺǽ뵽˸֮ۡС
ֻǸһ̤֮ۡУһ䣬ڵѪҺҲ֮ᡣ

̫ˣ
еֲ̤ͬûмǰӭӵĸףҲûгִͶǣҸۡһƬһճǰ㡣
ô
͵Ĳһ¡
ˣһ̣һǿƥľƿնסҸۡ
̽ҸۡΣһҲˮס
һ̵ҸۡĴſڣ˱
ĸ֪Уٿˣȫ˻״̬ȣ̨ͤɽεѾߣˣ
ǵϢǳδ䣬ͯһ㣬ʱϨ⿴ɲʲô˯ŵġ
ף
Ժһͷһ˲ӹؿռ䣬鷿֮С
鷿һƬһлŴսǰӡ
ĸ˾ɵ̫ʦϣ4ͷ­ϣһδĺƺ˺˯֮С
вʶ߹ȥĴһԼĸףȻȴûκεķӦ
һǣĺҪͣˣܸоĵĸ׵Ϣȶ
ˣ
ʶģɢһɾ뵽ĸ˵Ժ֮УƬ֮һĳˮס
ЩϷ˵ĻƺЩȱڣ
һͻȻԺ𣬲壬ȴԺеСʡ
ľ쵽ԺʱСҲ֪ͬڵ
ֻϷˣڵĻǶȱȫ
ô
СʴʱҲǳԾѣΪⷽ״̬Ϊ
彫ҸۡŲƵ֮Уܲôı仯СʿԸܵĳ彫Ųƽʱʹʱ֮ѹŲƵȷǺ˳
ȱϢ
죡
ڤڤУһͷӹԺСͻȻʲô
һ࣬ɫĿ£С뵽ˣȻҲ뵽һɲͻȻףΪʲô̫صʵ뿪ʱ򣬸׷ˡ
쵰
ž죬бŷһɱ
Ѷֽţ֪ԼӲģҲ֪ԼһȥΪʲô׷ԭ
ˣɳ嶯ڵʵĶ֣óȻȥֻ·һ
ԴռУ֪ϵı任СҲһæֹ
Σھµʱһڻȥ͵Ͷ
ռһƬž崣һ˭Ҳ֪ʲô

֪˶ãͻȻԭ鷿ϵβһ£߽㿪ˡ
ᣬгһ޾ĴȰֻ˵һ䣬˱һٴֽԵ״̬֮С


ڶǧ ̥ۼ
һԣ򵥵ļ֣͵ĳ鴤һ£һִδйʹͬһ˺ġ
ĸֻһ޸֮ͨˣȻ㱻Ĩȥ˹Լļ䣬㱻춯ֽŻǲȫȻǵԼ
һԼûܱٴ벻Ǳ϶ֽš
ףģΣҶһģ
߹ȥһޱ˵
죬ΣҶ㸶۵ģ
һ仰һ˿ɫȴû˵
˭˺׽ˣһۣ졣
Сʣʲô취𣿡
ͻȻʵ
СʳĬƬ̣òŵ
ڵܲ뵽ʵҲֻǹȥƬ̣ǾѾ˻״̬ңܸоǵ껹ڲϵ˥֮Уȥ䲻
ҵ취ȫǵĻǣ󣬻ǡģֻǼ˥䣬ӳ̣ûа취׵Ľ
Сʵ
Ϊǿһ壬Щ츳ͨô޷ģ˵ľıǵļ䡣
ͬģСͬӵһЩֶΣܹ״
ˣ
Ƭ֮һ΢СɢѸû뵽˵ڡ
Щǵǳ΢ȴܷоСʳ֮˵ϢѸȶȻûܰ״̬ȷʵתࡣ
ˣֵֻزˡ
Сʵ΢΢͸һ˿ƣԺд
Ѿ㹻ˣСʣлл㡣

ڵСʵѾǳһѾǳĲˡ
µľͽҰɣ

ˣ
âһܿ뿪鷿ҸۡϿգһ۽µƻɺҸۡһ˿˸еɫȻһ죬׼·
䣡
պ޴ĺУһҫ۵İɫ⻷ŷѸٽҸۡС
ͬһʱ䣬Ҹۡĸ䣬ССİɫʱ֮Ӷĸ֣Ҹۡ·ͬһӴ󷱸󷨡
䣡
һһ£ҸۡѸٵСȻգ֮ʧ׵˷ӡ֮С
еһн֮ǰΨһܹ뵽Ľķ
һУһΣܿ뿪еĿռ䡣
һҵ̥
ٴγ֣ѾƬɽϿգɨһܣȷһ򣬺ܿ쳯С˵̥ڵĴλ÷Ӷȥ

Ӿʦһ·Լ˰ٶĳɽУһ·£ر׵ĵص
һƬţûκҲκ˵ִ
Ȼû֪ʱ˿̣һ΢Ϣ̻ڴˡ
Źâɫɫ͸âϸȥֻһӰףһ
ϵѲƣظȫ򴩣ܶطܿսĺۼ
ɫѪҺôҲֹס
ӰڣͻᷢڳһĿĴײ絶и˺ۡ
Ӱתϣƣֻÿ˿ڼ֮ʱͱֿµٴп
˺ۣĿġ
⣬Ȼܹϳڵص˿ڵӰĵ̥
ˣ
һ˿ڵʱ򣬵̥ƺܵʲô͵̧ͷϷĳѸʱֵ׼
ң
̥һ𣬱ϳʲôԭҲ֮ɡ
ֻһӰƿҲ㣬ڵ̥Ϸ屾塣
ǰĵ̥峤һ
ҵˣ
ܿ죬ٴαء
ͷһ壬͵̥·Ľʽ޽С
̥ڵ״̬ܲԾⲻǾһսô򵥣Ըоõ̥Ļǣ˵Լڵ̥Ժеʶ⣬ƺһڸš̥ӡԼ֮ĸӦ
ˣ
âһѸڵ̥ǰʳָڵ̥üġ
˻
ܿ죬һɺӵ̥ͷ­İӿָֻһܿ죬һɫĻӵ̥ͷ­ݺ˳
ɫıԵ͸һɺɫĺиһӣʶĹġ
һ죡ԭǿҵ̥ҪǿᣬΪá
䣬һ۾ɫıʡ
Ϣһޣռ̥ġ
ģһжϸԼͷϵһҲǱĬ͸̥ĸλ
̥ʶޣ¾ԼûʶǳսУУСܹ֪ǵλãԼǰҵǣٹ죬Ҳɹˡ
ϧģչ鲻ġ
Цһָһɫ档
ɫϨͬʱһɱѹֵٴν͵̥Ϊһ塣
̥ٴˮ齻ڡ
䣡
ܿ죬һɰǿƥڹע˵̥ڣǹɰ磬գۼͳ̥ÿһУѸ˵̥ǹƥ
̥ԭֵ˺ۣҲ֮ʧһһϡ
ˣ
һܿʱ̥֮ԺıԴռС
ԴռӵǿЧһ崢˴̥ĻָٶȻϺܶࡣ
˵̥編ƣһطҵ˵ڶ̥
̥ۣʵʱȻܶԸ죬ȷʵӵ˸Աʱ
죬ֵˡ

žʦķһΣûӱܣһѸʧھʦķ

Ⱥɽ뿪岢ûֱӻؾʦڰ;һۣһطӶȥ
ʵ̫ǿڽ뾩ʦ֮ǰȥһˡ
ʦ˴峤ڣֻнǸ˵ǰһԱİա
ˣ
Уһɫʱ֮˲ʧ١
ʦһǧĵطһһ̤Ӱɫʱ֮˳
û⣬Ӧþˡ
ɨһ·а
ʦһս󲿷ǿ߶ʧ٣ˣܸĶֲ̫࣬ͼ֮һ
һʣɱ̫ʼ֮ͼ뿪ʦ֪١Ȼͼûнȥ򣬶ʵأ˸ҵʵԶûôء


ڶǧ ټͼ
ΪʹУͼǲܹͨ˵ƽǱʥʹѺǼʮ꣬εصףʥʸҲһɶǻҴÿԵĶζ
˳ֻ͢΢һ飬鵽ͼ䡣ͼòԶ뿪֮סھʦһйС
õϢй̫ϻʹȥϲıʤأʱ򣬵ͼûб̫ϻᣬ˫ϵǢʱ
йĳ̶ֳϣͼ˵мҪ壬ԲŻѡ
йͼսȥʱĳ̶ֳϣѾȫˣֻºһЩҹŮ̫࣬йܶطҲʧޡ
ʱУйʵԶֹһ
ͼȸռ𯳲ǿռ֮൹Ҳûй˽⴦йһ£ָͼеԭ״һЩŮȥͼжڱ˴Ĭϵ£Ϣеġ
ͼҲûйʣҲûдţ˫ôһֺгƽ
º֪£ΪҲΪͬ
ͼǺϸ̫ӣҲ񣬶չǻӵܣҲһֺܺõĹޡ
ˣ
âһ˲·ɵйУۼȴһֱµľ
ȥʱʮ̫๬Ůɨ棬ͻȻһˣ˶һĿɿڴ֪롣
Ŀһɨûˣֱ˴Ϸźɫͼӡ
ͼ
ʱȣڵͼһְԵһִݣоҲûôͱˣͬϴǦķ豹档
ˣҲ˵Ҫ𣿡
ͼһſУожһˣͷҲûֻ̧ǾеĲ豭ԹԺһڡڵͼ˵ƺûʲôĵġ
ǣǵң㻹ûбϴȥ䣡
Ȼֱ˹ȥͼ벽Զͣ½Ų
߰ɣﲻӭˡҵҺ˵úҪңҲϲ˴š
ͼԼĲ裬û̧ͷ
Ҫңʦз飬ȫ
帩ͼ
ͼֳӲˣǰ˳ʲô֮ģû壬û׼ӡ
֪أ̥Ͼʦи֣һĶ𣿵̫ҶԸΪõ𣿶ңΪʲôҪ㣿
˵ͼ̧ͷһ壬Ǽ
ȻλҲ䵽̫ҵƴĵز
δ̫Ϊˣ
𲻴ӦȥȥνɹĻһӦþˣ֮˯㲻Ϊܰɣ
֪㲻ԸⱻȻһʹΪ֮£ԸⱻϴԺͿƣū͡
ȻһЦͬ
ص䣬ѾΣ岻׼ٶͼ
ˣ
棬ͼԭĻָȻһգеĲ豭죬ƺҪ鿪ͼɫҲȻ֮࣬ǰ͡
֪üͼҲ׿е
ǣ̫ӵµӢ᲻ɡѾĨҺҵĴڣһҪĨ̫ӵ£Ϊʵۣһж˵ڻ¡ʱֻƽ̫ӵ˵ǲܵġ
嵭
˵ⷬʱһֱͼûзŹκһϸ΢飬˵ĻȰջ߼裬һᷢʵһ㣬ͼӦ÷ǳס
ʱû˵ͼ΢΢üͷѾ˵һС
ͼȷʵϲţҪĲ壬˵ףչ黹
׼ô
ãͼ
仰¶һ˿Ц⡣
ˣ
Ƭ̺󣬹âһֻһֻµĲ豭ͼ˶ʱʧ٣ĹҲȻһӰ
УһƬ⣬Ÿߵȼһһ㣬ͬ˰㣬ˢ
һĻͼҲΪ֮ݡ
̶ʱڣϵĽͼҲΪ֮Ŀ˵츳һҲ֡
ֻһ˲ͼͻع
ʵ̫ǿ󣬾ʦһսȻһûв룬Ҳһս̥ټҵҲɲĶ֣
ͼ
ʵȷʵף츳֮Ҳ԰½磬ˣǰҲԶԶϾԼ֮⣬»һ֯滹ڶֱ֣̫ǿߡ
Ȼʱܻ죬Ǽ֮ѾӵһԱҵ̥ټңѾӽ쾳ǿߣһǰҲвջ⴦ռһõ֮أ֣һʱ䣬ĥϣضܸһ¥

̫Ԫļһ޴ıأȫκֱ̫ǿߵ䣬Զ쾳һ̶ֱ̫ǿߡ
壬ͼ̫Ԫļ䣬̫ʼļ䣬ЩĶ쾳ϢཻڣضǸһ
ĵڶ̥͵̥мͻƵ쾳ͼܹͬ档
һоͰ˵İɣ
ͼĬƬ̣˵ͷʱգҲûʲôõİ취ˣ֮⣬½ҲκܹԿ졣
ˣ
һ̣̥ͼڣڹռ룬ͬһ󣬺ռ˴ϡ
ռ𶯣Ĳ£ŹãƺƵĸߵȼڰ㣬ֱӿ̥ͼڡ
ֹˣڵ˴˽ڶΪһ̫ԪǷ䣬Ҳͬͼ
˭ҲĶ֣ΨмڣΪһ壬˫ͬģпܻ졣
ͼй죬ͣĲϻ󷨣ȵһгŴͼ뿪йһ·Ϸľʦȥ
̫ŹˣĨ̫̫˵ļ䣬Զͨļϴô򵥡
ֹʦһҪ⵽ô¡
ʥµǿܹ󷨣ԿİվͻϺܶࡣ

ʱٶȺܿ죬ֻƬ̣㷭˳ɽ롣
ΣһҪҵ취һУ
ھ뾩ʦʮĵطգԶʦķа
ˣ
δ䣬һȫϢ˼㡣
Ͽȥʱ˿̵ͺһ¶ϢһƷ磬һҳһ㣬Ȼ
һ쾳ǿϢϣҲѷĴڡ


ڶǧ ƾֵϣ
ǿӹɣΪʷϼпǿĴڣԶڵԱ⡣
ˣҲûκλᡣ
ۼĸգֻҪ岻ԼϢ¶ҪУ̫⡣
жˡ
һҪӰʱһһֹĸоͻȻǱܵģŤͷһ
󺮳չڻûж˻ᵽ򣬶ľɨȴ·оһ˿ϤϢ
ǡ
Ŀܿ˵಻ԶһɽϵӰ
˴Ŷң£ͺǳɽеһͨԷ򡣵ߣȴûаɲ񣬾񵶶ûС
忴ȥʱͨԷҲͷķƺҲ塣
үβһۣѾܾˡ
ͨͨԷյ
߲ͣôԶľ룬壬˵Ļ
΢΢˼£ַǳĸо
Կ϶ͨͨԷͨ
ˣ
âһܿ£Էǰھĵطվס˽Ų
ǡ˾
忴ǰԷ̽
仰ʵЩͻأһ̣ĻԷܲϣʱ¶һ˿Ϥ΢Ц
ʣ˵ˡ
忴Է򡱣жʱֵֹֹĸоʣʳ˾̫һӵĳռ壬Լķ
˾ô
üͷЩ
֮У˲Ÿոں͵ص׵ɽмȫû뵽̬ʹʳ˾ٴ
Ҵʱʳ˾ֵʱҲδ̫С
Ҫȥʦ𣿡
˾ֻһЦûлش
ǣ
˾˵Ŀģɫһֱӳϵ
ʦаˣ˴峤Ƕ²Ҳ֪ʹʲôֶΣĨ˾ʦ˵ļ䣬ѾΪˣһҪ
Ĳ˵ٿˣڻڻУ岻Ӳ
Ϊ¶
˾̾Ϣһڵ
֪ϢºЩ롣²ƾǿľıʦ˵ļ䣬֪һ춯һöԪù
㿴ļ䱻۸ģöıѡ
˾̾Ϣ
ʲô
˾Ļһ˵Ҳʱޱȡ
˾ᵽϢ֮ǰû뵽ġ
ʲô
ܿعڵ
֪ΪʲôܾﲻԾˣı䣬ҲֻҪ㹻ǿͿˣΪʲôҪıô˵ļ䣿
ΪԼоʦգԼֻСŻôԣⲻķ񡣶ɱԼ߶ȡԼϵĩӡǣֱӳԼˡ
ʵԶԶǿԼȫ㣬ô鷳¡
ע⵽˾ᵽ춯һöԪʹõķһʵ̫ˡ
һǿ߻ġ
һָоģ±ԼĻҪӵöࡣ
ҲǺҲûа취̫࣬촴˵õöʱ䣬ҵ֮ǰ̫Ԫڵʱ仹Ҫ磬ܣ֯ڲҲûж֪
Ŀǰ֪¾̫̫Ҳ֪еܡҲһЩϣҲʹһЩˣ춯öĴǳ١ַһʹãתž޴ѣдڰ򼶱һģս֮ϡ
˵󣬴˾һء
֯ڲʵкܶ伮Щ伮ڸʱøдɣʳ˾ӵ㹻ȨȥЩ
˾޷鵽ܣȴܴӸֹϵĵ伮ϣ鵽ȼʹЩĺǾҾ徵
ѾռϢˡ
û˵üͷȴ˾ṩϢ֮ǰ֪ġ
үΪ˸ҸոյõϢһö̫أ̫Ϻ̫ǰɽѰ̫ˡӦѾ֪ĩӡǺ֮Ĺϵ̫Ӧöĩӡǣõ̫еĩӡǣ콫ڸԶԸҲ벻»˭ܶԸ⡪
˾˶٣ǰ壬ɫҲǰδеأ
̫̫֮֯⣬Ψһ֪öܵˣ֪Ŀܱ̫ػҪࡣΪ̫صλãǰԭ̫ġ
ֻ취ҵöƵöпܻ졣
˾
üͷĬıƽȴѷ

˾ֻᵽھʦһöʷǰǿ뵽ģȴԶ˵Ҫöࡣ
ʦʥµӴ󷨣κֱ̫ǿ߶޷֮⣬ֻҪ̤Ƭ·һ񵱳̫ʼһɷһλһȴȫͬ
ȫʧȥã졢̫صھʦкֱ֮ûڱһֻ۰򣬵ڿ󲢷ʧȥãǱöӡ˶ѡ
Ҳ˵ֻҪ취Ƶö߸ܹ»̫ҵ󣡡
ʱһռеķ̫ͼ
߸һ㣬취һֻ죬û֣κηҲֻһͭѡ
ʳ˾һͼûչģ⻹˫֮һνӴʱ죬ѡ
ûô򵥣
˾ܿҡҡͷ
ֻ֪öͨϵķүöȻҲ죬;ʦöȣͬһΡ֪취ƻǸܻܵ죡
ɽϣ͹ռеͼͬʱ˳Ĭ
֪ˣл˾
ܿ췴Ӧ˵ͷ
ɿִļƻͼһ֣취뾩ʦ죬Ǵʳ˾ݱϾ⣬ðŷݵϢǿ׺ӵġ
һöЩ⡭ðǸա
̫غ̫ʲôʱ
ʵ
֮󡣡
˾һ֣ص
֯ڣȼɭϣΪ˰ǣѾʵЩˣ̫ء̫Ǳ߿¶ɡ
֮ҿ¾ͲٴϢˣԼأ
˾˵һ̾
һжΪ̫ԪһΣ̫飬̫ǲɵӣվỳɵеķռ
ι¾͵뿪ˣˣһΣȻô


ڶǧ ǰɽ
˾ܿ뿪ˣ忴Էɽʧ֮С
ʲôˣҪûĻ֯ڵĵλͰɣΪʲôҪðôķ㣬˵Ļ𣿡
ʱͼֱԺ𣬵Է뿪ʱͼͬڿ
֪
ҡҡͷʵ
λʳ˾˵ʵڵģʵû̫飬һΪУ֮֮ⷬԻȫΪ̫ԪĹϵ
֪֣˵ľˣйһжš
һԿ϶һսƺʹʳ۹һսʱλʳ˾ֵģĶ֯ĹûбҪô
˿Σ֪һ㹻ˡ
Ŵ˾ʧķ
ͼû˵ֻ΢΢һ
ʵ̫ʳ˾ֻҪ㹻ˡ
׼ô
ͼ
ͻɽ;ʦһѡ
û˵Ժд˷
ͻʴԭǱҪȥģζõĩӡǣʦǱߣҲʱ֪
忪ڵܿ⡣
ڵĴƣܹǲѾ࣬󲿷ѾϴԣȫĴڣӺҵҲпѾ⵽
岻ʹǣ̫󣬲ȴǵһ˿ϢǱ뵽ʦ̽Ϣ֡

Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ХǰѸٶһˣ˵ϣһź߿Ŀޱȡ
ˣ
ʱ˿̣Ȼӡ
ǰʱ˲ھʦ֮У˽Ҷһ٣ûб䣬ҡ춼δ֪Ĵڡ
ˣм齻㡭
ǰڵ
ǣ
Ǻ֯йصģ˶˵ܿת뿪ˡ
ǿˡ
尲źһУܿͼһűȥ

ʱת֮ȥ
ƾʦһǧߵĸ߿УһŽɫĹâڰ֮У·޴ľʦǳء
ôߵĵطȥȺ飬ͬӰ㴨Ϣеһжܹ̽ĵ
ô£ڶûг֣ѵĲûзã
ɫĹâУ̫һ˸·
Ĺ㣬ӦõȲôʱ䣬ӦѾǱ뵽˾ʦ
ֻҪ뵽Ϣأ̫صδܹ̫һӦֻǡ
̫ؿһһƴСĽɫ̣ʱĬˡ
̫ϣݺύϸߣͬһĹ֮ǰܹǰԤҸ֮ۡУľ̫̣Ǵӹȥڣ涼ûκεı仯
̫ϣ̫Ǳз𣿡
̫ͻȻڵ
һƬžܿһһңѸٳ̫صԡ
һˮӰܿ˳϶źڰɫߣһҰףһҺڣ̫Ϻ̫
̫شˣһֱڼӳеĶĿǰΪֹûκεķ֡
˿ڵ
ȻͬΪֱ̫Ҳеȼ͵λ֣֮ر̫Ǭ̫ʼս֮ڣ̫أλҲǿ
֯Уһ̫Ϊס
ͻʹ֮Ҳûж𣿡
̫سƬ̣ٴε
ʦ֮лΪٵĲ£ҴƵĻʵҲһֲַȥģ屻ΪƵӢۣڲˡ
ûУ
ҡҡͷ
֪Ķ֣ԸûнĴ㡣
νַɣͷ޶ˣο֮仹û̫׽ϵ
̫Ϻ̫
ʧ˵û̫⣬ֲģַ
٣ΪﵽֵزܹǵģҲֻгѡ
𣿡
̫ü̫Ϻ̫˵ĲûеܾǸ֮Ӧúͨ˲һŶԡ
ˣˣ̫Ǳô죿귢ǳ֮ǰ˭Ҳûϵ̫徹Ȼôʵļ̫ͬʱصʵּߣ²öԸ
̫ͻȻڵ¶һ˿ǡ
ң̫̫ԪҲһûộȻôǲ̽ͻѾû䣬̷ͼҲûʵΣ»ûκ֪
һԵ̫Ҳŵ
һ̫壬˶һֺļɵ
ս޺պչ̫Խǵ͵ԽԣԽΣա
һ˵̫Ҳعעʱתơ
ЩǲصģѾһжźˣ̫ǿվǱȲ죬ĹǿŻòôڣŪôһ˥ܼˡ˵ףȥվġ
̫һƽ˶٣ŵ
ô꣬һҲ˽ˡ
˵һ䣬̫ص⡣
ǳҵڣѾмʱ䣬Ϊǳң֯ڲķѣ˴ǣƣԲŸ˻ᣬں̫ңЩƻʧˡ
Щҵֱ̫˽Ҳһֱں֯ԡ
һжˣĳǴ˭޷ֹ
һ̫Ԫڶ̫壬̫һڣеͽᱻʰȵƷһоͻصԭ㣬һ´һֱ̫ǿߡ
߰ɣջ̫öĩӡǣǾͿȥԸ̫һˣ
̫س
ˣ
δ䣬һһ̣ǽɫĹâУһӰ˳
³ֵӰԼֻʮ˾ңüĿݣ΢΢¶һ˿Ц⣬˸о崺磬̧ͷͻῴȻһ˫ɫ
ȻǺЦһ˫׵ʼһƬ䣬˿ĸ顣
ˣ
̫Ϻ̫ǰ꣬һ
̫ӵڶĻΣҲΣһЩʷǰ޷ǰ̫ǿķ֮һȻΪ˶Ը̫壬̫ҲȫԸ˵ô⡣
ţ
̫ص˵ͷûж˵ֻһţĺȻһöҵĽɫСۡ
ֻ̫ӭһףöֻߴҵСӭգۼͱʮɳ
̫غ̫ϡ̫˵Ͻɫۣһɶ쾳봬֮Уһ̣һ̫شˣܿƿգʧʱ

ңԶıޱߵͻʴԭϣһ΢紵Կԭϣһ㵭ǳҡҷڶ
ԭϲݣһһ٣
ⲻֹҰĲԭͬҲڴ󺮳
ݶ󣬴ԭѾָӵصһЩѿԶԶȥܿһЩǵţڴԭϷ
ԭûȫָڹȥǳУԭʧ˾ųϵţҰҪȫָգҪܳʱ䡣


ڶǧ صİŮ˾
ʱ˿̣ͻʴԭĶһɽƣɽϣһɫǰȼһܵ̿𣬵ȴûаӰĿ졣
ϸͻɽյһ޵
ҵˣѾֵز𣿡
ū֪ǡūϣܹǣ
ū澲ңһϸ˵˼
ǣ
ǲһŮӵƺںһ˵ʲôȻܹŮӵԻˣȴʼղÿζֻһ˻Ƴ
ã̸ƺڽеȫʧˡ
ˣ
âһһԭһ˵һӰ
ϸȥͻȻֵӰԼʮңòϴһϮŮ˾
ֻ۾λϵһָİɫ˿ض
һж
һ̾ϢŮ˾ңԶĳطֳһ˿ӵɫ
ԭϿյģʲôûУŮ˾ġСȴӰٳ
ˣ
Ƴ̾ϢɽŮ˾ǰ̿ȫʧ·ֹһ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬âһһӰɽɽš
ֱ̫ǿ߹Ȼûһ֮
忴ǰͺͺɽͣͻȻڵ
ǰɽģʱ䣬һֱѰ̫壬˵λͻսصĿռڡ
Ȼ˵ѣѾһˣʼûҵ̫κټ
һЩףΪʲôô֪֯ɽȴʼûʲô취ҲҲˡ
ռϵĵʵеĵȫ֪̫ͬĿռɽûκ壬Ϊ̫˵ĿռɽûκΪĿռһֱ޾ʱ
ͼͻȻԺڶʱ廹ҪЩռҲ˽⡣
ռ临ӣ֪ɽͺƴͼʱõһƬƾԶƶϳƬƴͼȫò
̫СĽģһֱ֯죬̫ԪҪİգһ̶ܵ˵Լ̫һѩɽʹѩɽϵܣЩ˶̫岻ͬͻ˶Ѿˣûκ
أʱҪҵ治ס

ʱкüоɽɽЩĲֻÿһεϹԷƺӦǰʧ嵽ڶû̫Ľչ
ˣֱ̫ͽ֣ҳɹɱ̫Ԫȡĩӡǵ飬֪𣿡
Ƭ̵ĳĬ֮ͼһתͻȻ̫Ԫ顣
֯ңͼǼȤƾűֱͼܹоĵ֯ǳҿ˻ʤΨһҲ
̫ûôգֻж࣬ȥⲿע⣬Ƕһ֪ҸоӦһֱжĿҶ˽±ĻҪĶࡣ
̫Ԫ飬ûӦѾ֪ˡ
忪ڵ
һָо̫Ⱥֱ̫ܶǿߣ̫ʼڣ¶ҪǿĶ࣬ݹľٶҪô˥ˣҪôǱȺܶĻҪֺͿ£ںߡ
̫ѡȶԸ̫ԪٶԸ̫壬ʵѾ˵⡣
ĻҲ˵̫ǱѾ׼ƽȣ¸ҵˡ
ͼӹд
ͼСЩֱ̫ĸ֣һͻ֮УԶûеô˳
ֻʱ䲢վߣһ֣˾ٲκεϣʤҹУͼܹоĵٿȻѾӡ֮ǰȣǵֶࡣ
ǣİɣΣһҵõġ
Ƭ̣ͻȻЦ
ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ƺоʲôŤͷͼһķ
˵ĸ֪Уһɾ˵ϢԾ˵ٶȳＱٿ
û˿ԥֻһ˸ͼѸʧ
һʱ䣬¡¡ɽХĺɽ棬ʮ׵İ֮УռҵĽգ֮䣬ʿһҽ貵Ľɫ֮ƣͻȻʱ˳
ҽɫϢӴ籩һ㣬էһ֣ɢһɳأɽͰѹɽֲ΢΢
ˣ
âһֻ˲Ϣ䣬ӴoӰڽɫǰһ̣زɽ·˲١
Ӧþˡ
̫ɨһ·һĮ
ֶܸΣֻϧһжԤС
Ҳ̫Ÿֻͣмģ̫أϲϲһƽ
̫壬ѽ٣Գӭһ𣿡
̫صĿӴѲͣɽ۵һ㡣
˷һƬƽ̫죬ûκλӦͺ˵˵Իһ㡣
ߣ
ң̫Ϻ̫һЩá
ͬΪ쾳ǿߣ̫Ϊɽֻӷɹ֪˵Ȼ̫ǲǡ
м̫أһȻƺϵ
̫壬ʮֱ̫Уڶ쾳ߣͣ˵㼸Ա죬һʱһʱڿɲǵˡ
̫صؼ졣
Ȼ㲻ԸûйϵҾ
̫˵ţ̤գǰһ
飡
һ̤ԭգ·ʵĴأһӴʹ̫ں뵽·ƬС
̫ڣâһö̫̣ٴα˳һʱ䣬ؼţɫĹ״̫бŷסɽ
¡¡
һ£ӴɽͬնȻɽΧɫľγƬա
ɫγߵ룬һǳҫ۵İ׹ⶸȻ֡
ߣˡ
У̫ؿһĻ¶һ˿ŴݵЦݣָһ㣬һɰʱ֮˲ɫγҫ۵İ׹ϡ
꣡
·飬һĿУɽڵգ·Ӱ鿪

ХӿϯƬ򣬶˵ĿУԭտɽͻȻ֮䣬ɽֹ࣬ˣɽ͵Ķˣͬħ㣬һӴģֺ׳ϽɫͻȻ޵Уƾո֡
а֮ߣֺׯϣ͸һʥζΪģɽ壬࣬һƬֺϵĹȺ


ڶǧһʮ ʱص
ƬϵĹȺ꣬ǧʷȺ֮䣬ϵģԲ֪ɵľ޴ǣ֮£۵ģƬȺǰһʮ׸ߵͭУųꪣһ˫ŭòڵͻһޣֻǶһɷ˲е
һĻ˵ǰе̫Ϻ̫ԶĳݷҲ𶯲ѡ
˼飡ɽ
̫Զ忴òǺʣȺǰ񣬾Ǵ˵еͻսҲ̫塣
ǰƬֺĹȺ̫彨ĽɣʣƬıϣҲйĻԻֻ͡ϧ̫һжڲƬҪȺҲ
ֹˣɽһͷͷֻͭͻ˶ǵĳݣҲ̫ǧ˿ƵĹϵһִٳˡ
ʱص
̫ϿǰһĻ̲סһ¡
Ϊ֯ڲĸ߲㣬û˱Ƕ֯ĸֹ˽⡣
ʱ֮к֣ܶʱմʱŽӣʱԾÿռԭĽṹʱһСռ䣬СʱմʱУʱصѵĶ֮һ
ҪȻͬʱձ˴صһ϶Ϊһ鲻κһ̫Ϻ̫ա
ҴɽĹģ̫άôǧ껹䣬;ķˡǿ߶첻̫ʱصȻ¯࣬ﵽ˼ߵ裬ֻ±ȵ뿪֯ʱ򣬻Ҫǿ˲١
̫ء̫ϡ̫Զǿͣǧ겻ǻô³
ʱһ͸˿˿Ұԣʥؼ
Ǹ𣬿˲̣̫Ϻ̫ˣҲԾɵӡ
̫ĳǸǳܹ˵ע⣬뿪ʱ͵͵öĩӡǣԴʵʹϾԸ
ʵ̫屩¶Զ֮ϡ
ǺǣȻԶǿͣ㻹򿪿ռͨǼӭȥ𣿡
ڴʱ̫ؿˣͷϷЦЦ
ҵѾܾûӭˣȻǧǰҾ˵ӭÿͣЩ֮ͣûʲôãȻǼ֣ǾԼ취ҵռͨɣ
̫
˵仰ǹɳҰԵϢ˳ؼѸȥʧøɸɾƬҲָһƬš
̫̫࿴һۣĬ
ڴ򿪵Ľ̫ǧǰ״ʥأԼڵĿռȫͬĸ
쾳ǿÿ˶һ׺ǿرǵЩͽǴи֡Щ˽ԼĶʱһˮһ㣬˲޺ۼ޴׷Ѱ
߰ɣ
ʱһϤӶߴ̫˲˿еĽɫݣȻ˲Ʈɶ£·ƬϹȺС
˵ǵ񣬿ռ
âһ̫ؼ˲ڴڣһƤ׷źɫ۵ǰ
ңҲ֪
һţһǳȣΪڵžǵʷ֮ң»ɽɽˡ
ߣǰҲʹֵӵֶΣ
ֻ̫΢΢Ƴһۣ漴ָһ漴һ£ƷɳȥصɲǣϹâգۼ̫ص˵Ŀ£ž˺ϵαװ㣬䣬߰ʮĴһʮİŮ˾֮ǰֹŮ˾
ϵĽƱƣŮ˾˲˻ңֻһ˲ͻָ򶨡
ǲҪˣɱңҲǵģҲ֪ڵλá
Ů˾һȻƺѾ׼η
ߣģһȡֻҪϵһξѪˡ
̫ȻһЦ
һ̣ûȰŮ˾ӦһӴ˲ƿնס˰Ů˾ֱӶڰУ¶һ˿ȲɫƺҲʶʲô
ͣ
һ̣һɫΪϸ룬ֱӴŮ˾ڣһɲŮ˾̲ס˻ܿ죬һνɫѪĿڱ˳
ҵˣ
νɫѪҺ̫¶һ˿Ц⡣
ÿһνͼ롢֮䶼ǧ˿Ƶ΢ϵһЩ˿յͣһЩ˿ֱ
Ů˾Ȼںߣܴ֮ﵽֽһʵΡѪ
̫壬زסģ
̫ȻһЦֽŮ˾ڵأͬʱһͽǵνɫѪ뵽̫м䣬һ糤Ľɫָϡ
ָ룡
һα֮УΪ̫صıǿö¶죬Ҹö̫ǰе
¡¡
أһĺУ̫е̾Ҳ·ܵĳǿҵĴ̼һ˸˲ֶ̫ƬȺϷİС
ͬһʱ䣬ؼӰɫľγ߱鲼գγһ޴׶εĹֱָʱĳ
ͬʱУ̫ء̫ϵ˳һ裬һɲǣ˹ҰͷϷ޾ʱ˷˿ʱͨϳʱչ켣ֱָĳʱյĸ
ҵˣ
̫Ŀռ䣡
̫Ϻ̫
ϣŮ˾ѱò԰ޱȡ
һأǷԶ޷󼰵ĵطôû뵽Щ˾ȻĿҵڵ
߰ɣ
һ̣̫صû˿ԥɫۣΪһ⣬һ·̫֮ٶȥ˲ʧ
ˣˡ
ϣоʧŮ˾˲÷˿ɢңæڵϣ˫ֺʮڤ״̬һ亹Ķǵ¡
һ̣Ů˾ǰδеĲ˵ʵԶǿͿֲ
һΣоǿҵΣա
ȻУĵģͬһ˾ĵģŮ˾ٴζûκλӦ
̫ȡһѪ󣬰Ů˾ƺȫʧȥ˺ͨһʧܣŮ˾ɫʱԽ԰ס
صģһҵԤУرյţһá
֪˶ãڰŮ˾вʱǸϤʱգٴڰŮ˾Ժ
ϤŮ˾͵̧ͷ¶һĨϲɫ
ǣˣ
Ů˾ܿͷ
˵ʵޱ޼ʣԶˣȻô˵ζһжļƻС
ԺУǸܿʧٴʧȥϵ


ڶǧһʮһ ǰ˳
һ̣Ů˾΢΢һָܿ򶨺ʹݣҲȻȻ¶ǹӺʥζ
΢Ů˾ٴϰɫ˿Ӵ˳ȥһ죬ĸһģΪһ󷨣׼֮ǰһٴ󣬽ڲط
ˣ
һ΢ĲͬĻϣɽڵĿռһʧٴη

ȻƬڵĿռ伴ٴΡϡʱ򣬴⣬ӿͬһ㣬Ů˾ͻȻϢӰ
ˣ
һж񲻶Ů˾ϵЦҲ˲ˡ
ʲôˣ
Ů˾ǰͻȻӰһص
ǰ⼸ˣ֮ǰʱѾˣʵϣҲûȥвأֻǸʱ򣬰Ů˾û̫⣬ֻΪĳЩеľǿߡ
ǿҲֻ϶ѣǰûʲôһ벻ķۡһɲǣŮ˾֪ԼСǣЩ˾ͨľǿô򵥡
˵ֻᵽ̫ǣûᵽǰЩˣ̫ظո뿪ôͳ֣Ҳζţ֮ǰʵһֱڸһ㣬Ͳǿ߿ġ
һʱ䣬Ů˾дΪ裬˵;Щ˺ܹ졣
ߣһССļ룬ô໰
һԣͼһǰһһֻץסŮ˾Ҫϻȡ̫غ̫Ϣ
ν룬ūͶѣͼΪƵǰ̫ӣݸ߹ȻῴŮ˾
һ£
ʱһ죬ͼ
ǰ»ɽĸ
ϸǰİŮ˾ͻȻڵ
ǰŮӶͼ˵һ·ˣ˵ȴˡ
»ɽͻս֮Ĺϵǰкܶԣһ϶ǰ»ɽԼȥģǰͻսֻһ翵ĸֻһ˵Ȼᵱ档֪ͻǧ괫˵еͻսȷˣҾ֯е̫ʱĸܶʱȻͬ
һжģôеԶǱô򵥡
棬һֱ򶨵İŮ˾»ɽ֣һ޷ƽ
ô֪
Ů˾ǱܵķʵǻһڣŮ˾ƺʶʲôǰԴ˷ӣŮ˾ԺйâһҲͻȻ뵽ʲô
Ǹ֮ӣ
ֻǵȻһЦûзϡ
̫屾֯ģܴ̫֪֮Ӳ⣬ҿӦ»ɽͻս֮ӵԿġ
һ΢ЦͷڰŮ˾Уɲ
һ֮ʵζʲôŮ˾𺳵ǣǰǻ֮ӣζԼĺ»ɽһӣɱˡ
һɲŮ˾ϱòôһɲӿһŨҵɱ
ȻŮ˾Ķ֣ͼ˵ūͣ߱սݣҲʲô
ԭǸ֮Դĸף
һԵͼ۾һУǰһһסŮ˾Ĳӣ
ͼǲ֪»ɽǰŮ˾ĹϵȻܾòô£ϾƾŮ˰»ɽ㹻ɱһٴˡ
ȻŮ˾ͼڿУзû˿ĺ¡
Ӧõģɽ֮ӣĺӣעҪͳһ£Ӧû
һȻĿܿ䵽ϣ
ǻ֮ӣվҪУ
ɡ
ʱڵԿóŮ˾ֻǸͨˣûʲôر
岻Ϊ˰»ɽɱϾӱһֹ
䣡
˵ʱͻȻһعֻӴɽµľѾתռĻѾ׵ϣƬ򳹵׵ķ
ͼУڰյİŮ˾죬Ҳڻع
Ƕǳģǲǵóѵģû˿뿪
Ů˾ͻȻڵ¶һȻȻɫ
һ׸ͻΰ󣬰»ɽȻҪ֮£λڤڤ޾ʱͻҪġ
һ̣Ѿľ
ûô鷳ֻҪ۾㶫ѣ
΢΢һЦ߹ȥһֱָ˰Ů˾üġ
䣡
һ̣̫ص˳ڴڣ̫ͨѰҿռڵһĻС
ɫγͬգƬ֮УһƬԵüΪ⡣

жһ⣬֮ǰԶЩĲУŰŮ˾ļ䣬͸ӽǣһЩȻͬĶֲϢǷȱĲ֡
Ϊﵽ־磬Ҫ֪һռ䣬һҪŪѪ̫̣ƾ豾ǿĿռ裬ֻҪõһЩؼϢͬҵƬڡ
ǰ˳̫Ѿٳĵ·ٽҪ׺ܶࡣ
ߣ
ûǰİŮ˾һΣһץͼһƿն˸ʧڸ߿
Ⲣһδʱգ֮ͨУԸоССĴԪͿռˮһź󷽵ȥ
ֹˣصʱͨУܹĸ֪ͨ฽˴󷨺ͽơ
ӽͨһλѳ̫֯Ѿ˳׼
Щ󷨺ͽѾ൱һֱƻˣȻǳ̫ǵֱʡ
䣡
ЩͷԺзӶһɫʱ֮ɢסȫ
˳׼֮ԥӿٶȣ޾ʱǹϢٶȥ
ʱ˿̣޾ĸߴ£ͻᷢʱͨһ۵ģӵߣʱвϵԾתָۣĵطѾͻʵɽʮǧĳ̶ֳϣѾ֮С
̫Ȼ
һͨдһа
̫ԼĿռõôӣ̫ԪȻ֯ͬɵصĿռʵںɽĵصףֻǲ׷ֶѣ̫ʱ֮Ծ
ôõĿģȻҪ֯ⱻҵԼĵط
Щס壬Ըоõ̫ڵĿռѾԽԽˡ
Сģ
ͻȻ֮䣬û˿ףͼԺ͸һ˿裺
ǰЩŹ֣
䣡
ʶ̧ͷȻûӦǰ޾ʱһɫըѸٴ
ܿ죬ͼ𺳵ĿУǰƬʱͨΪģ񼤻ĳһԲڣĽɫƷɫ׵·һ㣬Щ֮дÿһ֮У̺ſֲĻ


ڶǧһʮ ķ
ֹˣǧĽɫƬ޾ʱȻһӴϵ󷨡
֮Уһ֪ĺɫġ
Ӵ󷨳ֵͬʱͨն䣬ֻüһ˷ɽ͸ѹԼϣǰٶҲ˲併ͺճཬ֮ǰ
ֹˣһϺبǰдǿǰķ
ʲô
ռУ֪Χı仯ͼͻȻڵ
ͻ˵ĻԶûľ¡ԶλͻսͼҲٲ̫𣬵ǴǰӴԶǿ
ӴĹ󷨣ΧȻ֮ޣݣڶûܹõó
û˵ֻ΢΢üͷƺڸʲô
һԷͷ󷨣κη߷һͻܵ޴ѹƣֱӾͻᱻ𣬲Ӧòǵģ
ֻƬ̣ܿ쿪ڵ
û⣬ķģ
˵һ䣬һ˿ѩĹâƶޱȡ
ռͨǹͻȻֵӴѹʼΪԼģܿͷֲˣеѹȫڹռУԼ̥
Ӵƺ̥ĿƷǳֿòûгĳȣҪǣ屾мߵ裬ܹоóƺرԺָԡ
ܹ̫ԺͽģʣҲֻˡ
ֲķھʦ֮Уûǰ
аͻȻ֮˹
оڹȥʱķʮа˾Ѿҹ̫ֶ̫赲⡣
̫Ȼ챾Ķ֣ǴһرķȫеģҿҲȫá
ֶΣ˵ĻͳǸ̫±ȺܶĻҪº
аҲЩ衣
ս޺պչȻûмͻս񣬵Ѿϳָоһ㡣
һָоһ˺̫彻棬Լеɺͼ򵥡
ô죿
ʱͼӶд
̥߼Ϊǿսû̥İ˾͵ʵһ룬Ͼ̫ĿռУѾۼ̫壬̫أ̫Ϻ̫쾳ľǿߡ
ƾˣºӦԡ
ûйϵ
ܿعڵ
Եзͷֻ̥Ȼ޷ͨھûô鷳ˡ
ˣ
һ̣һռУ̥ڵʶչڣֻ߻ĿտǣЩ֮ΧǹɽͰֲѹɢȥֹˣʱΧľͽɫҲ·ʧȥĿһ㣬ɢȥޡ
ˣ߰ɣ
һٴλΪһɫ磬խʱͨȫǰ
䣡
ֻһɲǣֺͣһͼ̥ͨϣ뵽һտ϶صĿռ䡣

Ũ
ͼƬռĵһоȥĿǹŨ
ȫǸߵȼ
âһͼ˲ӹԣһ̽һӿġŨ̡Щ𺳵
ܶȱĹлҪŨֻеǴ޾ռмȡģƬռе̫ʱеĻۡ
һһֱΪһ׼
ͼڵ
Ӵܵ󲿷˶չ鼺Уȫٻ˻̫ɢݵռ䣬̫岼õĳֶΣΪľδĳһ죬Ӧһ޴Σ
ʳ˾˵ûºܶ˶͹ˡ֯У̫ʵ±ȺܶĶҪǿ̫ʼ޷֮ȣ
ɨһܣҲͷ
ܻûм̫壬Ѿ˼ӡ
ͨڴǸӴԷľ󷨣ټӴĿռ䣬һͨ죬ͨһµľǿߣһУȴֺǸͻʽɵġʽ΢γԱȡ
ʣΪͻĳǸԣȺܶĻҪµĶ࣬ѶԸһǿߡ
ͼ࿴һۣ˾衣
һ·ǰȥٶȶֻ࣬ɵľ룬ܿ죬һӴĺӰ˵ע⡣
ǹ޵ͷ­
ͷһǰͻȻ֣жʮ׸ߵľ޴޹ǣڵ
Щ;޴ĹŴޣԼһܻнѵԺİ
˵Ҳּ𣿡
ͼüͷڵ
ųֿܣϾҲ֯ĸ߲㣬Ҹо˵Ȥ
޹ҡҡͷƽ
ܶϲһЩĶԼ˵һҪĺܸߣܾ޴ҪԼľ͵ҪһЩ͵ػޣͽηͳݡ
ΣƾǾԲֵ̫ܵغ̫ǵġ
˼ǰƬ̵ʱ䣬ܿͷӴͼǰͷɫ׳˶ͬɽһľ޴ǡ
ͷſڵϣ׷룬ѪˮӿڵʣжŴ̱ǵѪ
̫غ̫ϵֱʣѪŨ뿪ʱӦûá
ͼɫزѡ
˵ͷͷӦнӽ۹۷ʵ˼ǿŰһԸ̫ǣԶԶ
ͷӦ̫崴Ļޣͻ˵ǳݾǴӴ˶̫һɱͷػޣ̫ʾһжû˻͵أ˫ǲݡ
忪ڵ
ǿѾˣߣҲüӿٶˣ
δ䣬ƿնǰȫٶȥͼҲʶʲôϡ
̫ϳ︽˴󷨣ټʱСռӰ죬еĸ֪ܵӰ죬Ѿ׾Ͳ֮Ρ
ণ
ͼӿٶȣԼյʱ䣬ܿ죬һ߿ļХͬһ㣬Ƴգ˶𣬼ХлһҵĴ򶷺ɽХĺ
Ѿˣ
Ƥһӿٶȣǰȥͬһʱ䣬ҲϢë׺ѪȫͼҲһΣ»صĹ֮С
̫ػ̫壬Ƿ֮֮以ܾ˻ãҪ˫ע⵽ߣԸǣ̫غ̫ʵΣյľˡ
Ƭ̣ܿ죬һ춯صıըǰըռһʷǰ磬һ·ڵλá


ڶǧһʮ ̫ã
һűըĵλöȥ
һ·ϣ忴˴Ĺ棬л׸ߵĽɫΪֺ롣
Щ֮У忴ɫ׵ͻսʿʬ塣
ЩȻ̫սʿǵʵҲ㲻ףȫ̫ص׵ɱˡ
忴԰ټƵʬ壬ֻ΢΢һ£ûͣǰȥܹоõ˫սĵصѾԶˡ
ڿ˽ս˫Ƭռشɫӿأڹ֮Уľ룬ųҵĽһ㣬գңš
ҲĽ֮У忴һ޴ĽɫۣϣӰ
ңԶ˵ò忴У¶Ϣȴİ̫أ̫Ϻ̫
ˣȻûмǵͳͳ
̫ص˵Ķ棬һŽ֮У飬԰ټƵӰţЩ϶Ŷף벽쾳ǿʵΪԺա
ȺΧͷɫľǴŭŶ̫صˡ
⼸ͷɫ͸ӴʵҲǿҿͭƤǣĿĻǶͷһֻɫۣޱȡ
ܿڶ࣬ʱƵģ˶һųҵĽм䣬忴˴ľ͹Ͷبڷ֮ϣƯŴսʿԼǵʬ塣
̫壬㻹òΪƾӾֵܵסǰɣֻߣȰȫɱ⣬Ȼٳ
һؼ𣬽ɫǰģ̫ڣͻȻڵ
鿴Уݲȡ
֮һƬž˻ûʲôӦһ̫Ƿȴһ¡
ӣ
ͬʱʶŤͷһ֮УϢǿӰ
ĿǰΪֹֻ֪λͻս·ɽеλŮ˾˰»ɽλҴƵǣȴ֪˰»ɽ֮⣬Ȼֹһӡ
ߣԸǻòŸ棡
ڣƵĽ֮У벽쾳Ӱǰ¶Լݡ
ȥ˸߱ĿƲ룬ǵ͵ͻס
ϸȥȻͰ»ɽȻͬü֮ơ
ˣ˵ȴȰ»ɽҪöࡣ
ֻһ˲ͷӦ̫ڵʱ伫ĳ̶ֳ̫ԪǻҪƾãôʱµĺȻֹһ»ɽ֮һѡ
Ұ»ɽЩֳ֮䣬²һĳ
ЩСˣô꣬ѾǺܾˣЩ֪ĶѵΪǣ
ʱ̫һҲڵĿޱȡ
Ȼ棬̫ȴǲÿɷȤ̫ϣΨһĵģֻеڶû֪ںδۿ̫塣
̫壬ҪнӦ֪öĩӡǣһȥ죬ǰȺ䣬Ψһĳ·
̫գЦЦ
ôԪˣҲӦÿ࣬ʶ࣬Щѽ̶ʼҲȡҵֶΣʵӦöˣ㲻ܹ࿹ɣ
˻ⷬ˼̫ţڰ̫һףʱԽˣԽ˽⣬ͻԽǿ־ͺ£ҲԽ仰ĺ塣
̫壬ӲĳǴһУи˽ᣡ
Ҳ࣬һԵ̫ҲͻȻڵޱȡ
ռ䣬̫徭Ӫֶ꣬Σ󷨣Ƿһսʿ쾳ô׾ܹﵽģô֯Զֹʮֱ̫
̫ŵЩֶǰ߹һ㣬ûκ塣
ô̫꣬أ̫ϣǻһ㶼û䰡
ʱҡض֮йâ㣬һ͸ҰԣͻȻռ
֮䣬УһһӰƺƣͬһ㣬Ծ˵ٶȳ·˶
ͻȻıʶʱڳ˵ע⣬ԶҲĲһ£ʶŤͷ˹ȥ
̫壬֯ˣ֪ͻսǧ֪꣬˿¾Ͳˡ
ʱ˿̣ҲЩ棬λһֵͻͻս񣬵׳ʲôӡ
ˣ
Ƭ̣âɢȥڼλͻսӡ
ӵеͻ˵ӣȴȫͻˣӡ̵ӥǹˣԺҰԣͺһƥһʱ׼һּΣյĸо
ֻǿһۣһ̫òּΣյҪеõöĩӡǣ¾ûôס
Զ̫ڰжסǳҰԵУ
̫ϣ̫ڤ粻鰡̫ҲͰˣȻߣʵһһֱԼֻ̣ɸߣޱҡ
Ѳǵˣ
̫ĿԽ̫أֱ̫Ϻ̫ϡ
˵˵
һɺԣ
㱳ǣǰԣĩӡǣȻڻ֪ڸģ
̫Ϻ̫߳
Ǻǣǧʱˣ̫壬㲻ỹҪĶ̫Ϻ̫һɣ
̫΢ЦͻȻˣǼ
⣬ЩһķӺ̽ǣҲӦʿɶֹˣ㣬ûõģ̽ʲô
ˣ
ԤϣУ̫صĻֻ̫һЦɫȻޱȣ
һֱûг֣Ҫ̽ǣΪͻȻ˼ƻ֮Ŀˡ
ţ
̫üͷһʶƳ˰е̫壬Ȼֻ̫شȫ֮⡣
ɣȻˣβԳһ
ֻ̫һЦܿŤͷһ
ԭһֱڰԹۣһ̣ûӦ¡¡з·ĵ׻оһ˫ҵĿҫޱȣȻԼλá
һɲĲ֮¶š
ã
ͼжҵвһĻ֮ǰûϵġ
Ŀǰ֪鱨̫ش˷ʦڣȫǳ̫ģⲻ̫ܽöĩӡǾܽģеѳ֯˶˵ǱɱĶӦ̫غ̫֡
̫һ仰ڰ˷˼⡣
Ȼֻһ˲عˣһɫʱ֮𵴿ܿ죬ʱ̤֮˵ҰС


ڶǧһʮ ͬ
䣡
ͻȻֵĵźƵĽɫâУսʿһƬȻȻĴͳͳ֪
ֻ̫ɫ糣Ȼʹ̫Ǳߵõ⡣
㣡
˻ûзӦ̫̫Ϻ̫ȴǻһܵ˼ͼľ롣
֮ǰľжһ·뱱뵽̫Ϻֵ̫ĺĻأ״ݻֵʱմš
˵ӡĻµľͽһж¼ӡ󣬸˵̫Ǭ̫ʼС
ô
˴ʱȣһжΪأ֯ûм֪˵̫忪ٵ⴦ռλ޾ʱµǶһܹҵ
ǰ̫Ȼû˵üͷ˵һС
ھʦգԭΪ֣߻ǱھʦĳΨһûϵǣȻβԼһԲֵܳĵط
û뵽ġ
̫أּˡ
ȴһЦ˴һкȻѾ֣Ҳûʲôڵġ
̫üͷһ˼ȴûнӻ
ǿͣλӦǴƵɣֻߣҿֱӳΪ֮ӡ
̫壬ڵһݡ
Ȼʼʱ̫岢ûз֣ռ䶼ģأҪȫܡ
̫һ䣬ռ˲䰲˫˴˻նʱЩ졣

ɫĹâУ̫ôʱҲӦ
һ׵үЩ֮˵Ȼ߱κ塣ڻ֮ĸ֣ҲֻһЩ˲Żġ
һ¡
˾ǸҲζţɱһͬĸֵܣ»ɽ
նʱø΢
壬ô
ռУͼͬڹעһĻüͷǰ־棬֪δ
޷¿˱鷢չ
Ӧ
̫Ƿ֮˵Լвأøӡ
̫Ǳߣ̫ԪɱˣֻҪܹĩӡǣԻ᲻ֶΣͬĺ֮
̫壬޶⣬̫صˣηȡҲѾ֪̫ԪѾɱֻǵڶбˣͳͳᱻһһɱɾºҲһЩڣ֣ȸɵ̫ء̫Ϻ̫
ȻһЦͻȻǰڵ
ⷬ˵赭дսʿΪ֮ݡ
̫ϡ̫ͷ׹㻥ΪˣҲǼΪη̸ֹ֮䣬ѾνԼ̫ء̫ϡ̫ƽƽĵλ
У̫йâתЩĿ壬ȴûд
֮ӣ㵹Ạ̊́һ·β׷ﲻ˵Ȼ̫Ըǣϧ
̫ЦЦһߵ̫壬˿յ
̫壬ز˵Ҳ֪λɱӳˣڷǸӾȻҲ֣㲻ôɣ
һ䣬ֳնʱٴα΢
̫ص˺̫Բƣ̫Ҳʲôѣǡǡ˼΢ĵط
ֱ̫ӽ»ɽҪ̫֮֡
Щһ֮ѣԲΡ
ͻȻһ̫廹ûпڣĽɫâУ̫ŭɫ̲סڵ
̫ػ壬ǿʲôࡣʵϣǲˣǵĵˡ
ֻǰУ̫һû˿飬ȫ޷еʵ뷨
֪ΪʲôҲ֪ҪʲôֻҪҽҾ͸һ֪Ĵ𰸣Σ
ͻȻ̫忪ˡ
񣡡
仰̫һɱ»ɽ˰ĳ̶ֳϣҲĵˣ˭Ҳû뵽ȻԸ֡
˵ǣʱ˿̣嶼΢΢Щ⡣
̫壬ȷʵҲûϵŸոյһ棬̫ͷ·͸еĿġ
ļٵģ
ʱһӶͼڵһɻ
ͻʽʽ΢˼˾׼̷òڲǰɣ
˵
ͬüͷ塣
̫Щȷʵµ͵ԣҪ˵˫²ȫˣ٣ĿҪ˺֯Լѡ
˶٣ŵ
ҲǼ٣̫ҲѾܾ
˰»ɽڣ̫֮˴˼ҲΡ̫˵ֻҪĩӡǲУĿıǴɡ
һ˵˼ǲҪ
ߣ̫壬һǸ߿ˡ
û忪ڣ̫صӶд
Σһ˽ͳͳץȥ
ۼ̫֮伴ɺ̫ضʱûĵȴȥ
¡
δ䣬һ̣һ̫ضȻſصĽơ
žһУ̫ػȻһҫ۵Ľɫ棬ͬһʱ䣬̫ڵϢԾ˵ٶ
ж쾳Ϊһ˲䣬һأȫڳ̫塣ͬһʱ䣬һӴѹɢ
ⲻǵľѹŨ£ﵽЧ
ͬ
һ࣬һֱ̩Ȼ̫壬һҲ̲סƤ˼¡
̫ͬضУԼǱַܵͨͨһԭܻϰˣֻʣһµ
̫ر״ڣҪͬʱԿġ
̫ܹڵǱȫѹڶʱϤ
̫ض쾳ΪκΪ֮ɵ̫塣
ʩչ̫֮ͬصʵﵽһ˾̾ĵز׼ȷ˵
û˷Ӧ䣬̫ؽƣ̫Ϻ̫˱ϣȼǧ֮󱬷ĿֲΪŨĽ⣬ȫӿ̫Ϻ̫ڡ
ʮֱ̫Уԭ̫Ϻ̫ʵͣԶ˲ŻṲͬʱմŵĹһ̣õ̫صļӳ֣˲ͷըԣҲʵһ۷塣
ַ̫ʽӳֵˣʱһͻᱻԭΣ˵ֻҪܹɱ̫壬ĩӡǾ㹻ˡ
̫壬Ӳģ첻˭㶼ΪУΨһ;
̫غƴл죬ŨҵĽɫǱʮﵽٳߡ
䣡
ֻâһһ̣ضҡǰٳ߸ߵĽɫУһֻ޴ͬĥתЮĻ̫սʿѹȥ
̫̣
ؼʱ̣̫غԥԼı޴̴ʱΪ֮ľ


ڶǧһʮ ʮͬ
ȣ
ͬʱ̫Ϻ̫˱һ뱬ȫӳֵе̫С
֮УԭӴޱȵ̶̫ʱٴαһȦͬ޴ɽͰ㣬̩ɽѹ֮ƣ̫ϯȥ
ֻһ̫ء̫ϡֱ̫֣Ӿͱǿûκλɣ̫Ȼһ˽ˡ
ܾͬսڵֻʱѣ޷ɵ̫壬ʱĿ¾ˡ
壬֣
⾪˵һĻͼɫ
âһͼɫأĴӹԣڸһĦССʱ֮鲼ΧͼȫһŴʱ׼֡
̫һ쾳ǿߣ֣Ƕһ̵̫صˣѾﵽ쾳ǿߵĵز
һ̫屻ɱֵ塣ƬյĿռУ˾͵ڱͶ
սŵ˼㣬Ȼͼ׼ֵʱͻȻУ
һ£
Ŀڣǰһ͸Ѱ侲
ûô򵥣̫ǿ̫Ҳеֶ֮Ρ
һֱ̫غ̫壬ر̫壬ûзŹκһϸСķӦ
̫ʩչͬȻ产ˣȴע⵽̫ڰУɫ侲ʼûһңһʧ˷˸еı֡
ң֮ǰ۵ĿռͨУӴĽͷĹ󷨣ţôʱ䣬̫ô򵥣ûκ׼
Ȼǧһ֮ʣսʿʧ룬һƬңоͷʱ̫忪ˣž޲ûһ˿һĲ
̫أˣҵĿռ䣬ҵ磬ûҵݲҵĵ̷
̫գɫƽȴ¶һƥİ
䣡
δ䣬̫йâһû˿ףҽһ̤Ľ¶ʱʵĵ棬
һʯǧˣͺĳźŰ㣬ޱߵĿռͻȻ첨̫£һصľ󷨣ţ޵Уƾո֣ţ˷ǧͬʱѣ޾罭ڿռʡ
̫ΪģȻֹһǰδеľͿռ󷨡
ʮͬ
̫˲ǰδеĿֲ󷨡
ˣ
ɲǼ䣬ռζû˿ףһ̰޹⣬ռ䶼Ȼ谵ࡣ
ֹˣ̫ʮͬʱ˲оһεķᴩգ漴һʱоΪͬһȦ㣬ֱ½
ʵϣܵӰԶֹ壬ȥԭ죬ص̫أ̫ϣ̫ҲϢȵ
ִ̫Ҳһ̶ȵֻĳ̶ȼϸ΢Զûˡ
棬֪ʴǷ
ʱ֮ʯϤԺ
ǣ
һ漴ԥ
յִ֮Ӱ졣
֮ʯٶ𣬺ܿһεϢü֮бŷѸչȫǰһգ۵ʱ䶼һϸ΢ֻȫһᣬԭǹʩϵʧһգΪҲѸٻָԭеĵز
ǿȻֱӽ˵Ķ֮˵û˿¶͹̫ˣǧ꣬ŵֶԶκĶҪĶࡣ
ʱͼӶд͸һ˿𶯣ʣҲ̫ܵ岼µĴӰ죬ʵܵ˴ѹơ
ͼҲǶ쾳ǿߣⷽľͼҲΪḻҲһִΧж쾳Ŀֲ󷨡
Ϊ֮ݡ
ôһɲǣ̫ػ̫壬ͼжһļɵ
ԭΪԼһռƵģڿһˡ
̫壬氲»ɽ𣬶Ըǣֻ廹治һ˳뿪
ˣ
ͼ˫ɵʱͻȻһֻİͼĺ󱳣
ţȾ䣡
ˣûͼӦһεעͼڡ
һ̣ʩͼϵȫ飬ͼĹҲѸپ
ͼ΢漴ʲô˵ͷٶ˵
һࡪ
䣡
ڶʮͬͬʱ˷޾ռĸطӿ˲Ϣ̫ͷΪһֻͭɫľ޴ֱۣ͵һס̫صı
ֻһ춯صľ죬𣬻Σʮ̫ͬ˳ĵһ
쵰Ȼɹˣ
ʱ˿̣̫ϣ̫̫ڶɫѿޱȡ
ν֮
Žν֮棡
Ϊռ䣬漴Ϊʱ䣡
ʮ̫ͬ嵱껹֯ڣûѱʱһ뷨ͬĶ쾳ǿߵսУԷӶ֣ܶԴﵽڶ쾳ӱЧ
֯ûзҵʱ̫壬̫صʮֱ̫ǿߵĹϵǢѺõĶ࣬˴֮䣬һͻƾѶ쾳ﵽߵĲΡ
Ϊﵽ쾳֮о൱һż˵ϵǿƿϣ侳
ܹΪ侳ǿߣżȻ棬ĵ·ǲɸƵģʮֱ̫൱ڱ˶쾳Բ˴˺ĸۡ
֣ǵ̫뷨֮һʱ⵽˵ĳЦ
Ϊʮֱ̫ǿ˵һǻǧ꣬ԪĴڣÿһֱ̫֮ӣ˵ÿһʱյס
и߲ɼʱգֻе̫徹ȻҪǣٴΪʱյūֱǸЦ
رֻҪӵ˶ģζѾԳһ壬Ӱ졣
̫뷨ֻѣһĿܶûС
˭Ҳû뵽ôȥˣ̫УȻĽ뻯Ϊʵ
̫壬Сˣô꣬㴦ĻǣȻ׼ˣķѣԤı
̫Ŷ̫壬һУǾ޴̫̼СѸٻΪȭͷСС
̫أԸ⳼죬ζ˶ˣΪֻ׷Ҫġ
һ˵ܺùΪūΪֻ͡ϧô꣬ǻ
̫
ı彵٣һη֣ƾǾȡ»δ
̫ɫ䣬ⷬ˵ĺ


ڶǧһʮ ľѪ
Դӵѱ̫ʱ޿̲ڼƻһĻ̫ǿˣǿû˿Եֵһ֮£ūͣΪЧҲ
ڹȥʱѾ켫ʱ䣬ΪͷΪβҪһֱǰȥ
죬̫弫Ϊɵô꣬Żһֱ͵£ƺҪķˣ̫度µĽֻ챻ӡı壬̫ϣ̫غ̫ˡ
Щ˻ûʸη壡
̫廹̫أһ̷һ峹׵ˣҲţֻĬĬĿˣķչ

ͻȻ֮䣬һЦ̫Ļ̫Ҳգֻ¶һ˿ɫ
̫壬㲼´Σô꣬ΪΪ첻֪˵ףһУԤ֮Уһֻɶ볾֮УܿԶݵѣҲֻһʱѡ
ңɹо˽ĵĴΣ˵ףվǹ¼ҹˣҪƾһ֮Կˣ깫ǿ̫һܹõ㣬»һЩ
̫Ц
̫һ
һԣͼûʲôӦüȴǶһ¡
̫һҲλѩɽʥɮһִԭĴڡ
λ̫һ岢û̫˽⣬ֻ֪̫Ԫ̫һ֮ӦǾ뼫ġ
Уλ̫һӦú˶࣬ڿѩɽλ»ʮֱ̫ʵǿĴڡ
˭˵ǹ¼ҹˣ
ʱһǺƵĽ֮У̫벽켶ÿ̫صŵӣһ̲סˣ
غǷϻʮͬѾǵʵҲǶ쾳н׵ĵزĶĳ⣬ҺͶ֮ܽǣǣսپɱǣ
̫һ˵ˣ쾳ǿߣȻֻ̫һˣܺͶ쾳ǿһսȴԶֹһ
ʮͬӰֻ̫صȶ쾳ǿߣֵܺеսʿûܵӰ죬ֹˣͬʱǶڵʵûܵܵļӳ֣ܹõռӳԶ벽켶
˺̫һ֣Ѿ߱˲̫ǵʵ
һϣ
δ䣬ʮͬٴ𶯣һɹɰɽ緢һ㣬Ӵӿ뵽̫ڣһɲǼ䣬ã˾Ȼӵƥж쾳׵
¡¡
ֻһŭХһ̣Ӵӿȣͬһ㣬ǵأɽŶ̫أ̫Ϻ̫˺ݺݺȥ
㲻˵ҪھõĻᣡ
ڳֵͬʱҲһԹսϡ
˵ĳ֣֮еƽ˲䱻ȫơ
ߣ֪СӣȻҾͳȫǣ
̫شʱҲһ˿ŭɫ
ʮֱ̫ǿһǸ߸ϣӼߣ̫ⷬ˵ҲͰˣ̫ãԲֱ֪̫ζʲôЩͲ֪ߵغˡ
̫̫ϣƻɱǣ
δ䣬䣬̫һףٴμö̫̣ƴС̫ӭһΣٴαôɽ壬Ŷ̫Լڶսʿѹȥ
̫ص̫Ϻ̫Ҳͬʱ֡
꣡
û˿ף̫Ϻ̫ϣ˸Դŵһöͭɫѿͬһʱ䣬һ뵽˵֮С
֮Уûע⵽һΰɫѪҺҲ֮ע뵽˵ڡ
¡¡
һ϶ãĺ̫Ϻ̫ͷϷɫĶ۾˺Ȼƾճ֣ǰ̫̣̩ɽѹ֮ƣǰ̫˺ݺݵȥ
йŹ֣
ԭһԹۣʱȴ̲סƤһ¡
֯ж̫Ϊף̫Ϻ̫Ըģ̫Ϻ̫ʵԱ̫ذһأһ̣ͭѵʱо˷ĳֱ仯
Ϊϣ徹Ȼоһ˿ģϢ̫Ϻ̫ʵһҲࡣ
ľѪ
һԣͼͻȻУĿ⿴ǰͬޱȡ
ʲô
ɫһҪûǴĻͼӦûкô֪ϻľѪ
ұεص׵ʱ̫ʼһ쾫Ѫƶɵƽ֮ѪϵϢ͵ʱƽ֮ѪƣȴҪǿĶֱ࣬ܿȡɡ
ͼ
һж̫صȻ˳׼ĩӡǶ켫ҪԲʧԾ̫Ϻ̫ǿ
ЩľѪȻԸ̫˵ġ
˵Ƭ̣ϵѾüΪΣգ̫Լڶսʿĳ֣ʹ̫̫֮ûκתء
ۿ̫ء̫Ϻ̫ȫ֣ǵأɽĶ쾳Լϯʱ̫һХͬƿնռҵţǧʱ֮鲼ա
Щʱ֮ǧ̫ռеӴʱȫ̫ۡ
ƣҵĹǽݣ̫ص˹Ȼ׼֣̫ôҲͬʱʱ̿Ϊһ̶׼
˵վм޵ģǶ쾳ǿߣɵҲһޣ޷ͻƿﵽһ侳£̫Լʵõķǽ޾ͨռʹ̶ռ䣬ȵսʱٽЩӴͬʵһͬ
Ȼַʽⲿ޷Ķ쾳ȣȴʹö쾳սһء
¡
ʯ䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬ɲǼ䣬˫ײһһɲ޴ĳʹռ䶼üȶ·Ҫ˺ѿ
ûõģ̫壬㾡ȫҲǵĶ֡
˫˴ײҵʱͻȻ֮䣬̫ظ߿ռ
ͬ
һȣ̫ٴαԼǱܣȼյ汾аٳ֮ߣһɲǣֱӱﵽ˽ǧߵĵز
ĻУ̫صǾԭһʮ߰꣬͸֧ǱѸٲϱ仯ͷ˿Ѹٱûףԭ⻬ļҲɳڣƣʮֹ
̫ͬȻܾ֮ǰ֪űѧǿ¾̫Ҳ֪֪Ľһ۰צ
žѧ˲ȼԼٷ֮ʮŵ쾳ǿеǱܼתɿֲԽһȼգڰʱڱ
Ȼһڰʱͻ᳹Ǳȴܴӡ


ڶǧһʮ ̫
¡
̫˫ֽӡȫӿе̫УӴ֧£ԭ;޴̫̣ٴȦ֮٣Ŷ̫Լսʿѹȥ
̫̫صԭƾе״̬ǵ̫سȼƽơ
ã
һĻ˴һǿֲĹÿ˶һΣѵĸоǸ̫£˿¶Ҫ촷ۣ·һ
ƴˣ
̫ñȣδ䣬սʿҲʮֵƺƵͬŶӿȥ
һɲǣ˶һִͷĸо
Ȼ˵ʱʱ죬սʿŸոճ֣һ̣û˿ף¡¡ضҡһ˿̫ɫ쾳գɽͻȻռС
û˷ӦǹɿµΪһֻ޴ɫƣһƺݺ̫ء̫ϡֻ̫۵֮ϡ
¡
ֻһǹɫ˲ͱ̫ء̫ϡֵ̫

һĲҽУ˲䱻ͬʱɳȥһ̫岻ôǿҲվޣֵ̫ܵء̫ϡ̫˵֣һ̫塱һжʱͽȻͬ
ⲻܣ
ڱǰɲǣ̫ػһ͵۾˼Ŀǰ
ǹɫɽֵɲǣǺƴУһϤӰ
¡
ضҡ뱻ɵϣǵĹȫ߽⣬һν֣ȻռƵ̫һܣ˭Ҳûϵġ
ôܣ
սͬʱ塢ͼŤͷ̫ķ
̫Ǹǧʱ䣬ڶ׼ܹƾһ֮΢ѹס̫ǣͼκ⣬һ浹
Ȼ𶯵ĻԶֹ̫ؿĲûдսɲǣ̫ԣһɫӰ
˴ɫۣʽΪϣ͸һϹʱڵζңԶʱ߳ͷɢһ˿ϵı顣
ˣϣȴɢһ̺˿̫Ӵ
˵̫صˣͼҲ𺳲ѡ֪̫϶ЩֶΣ˭Ҳû뵽ֶξȻһǿߡ
£ܹﵽ쾳ǿ޼ʵμ⣬˿̫ģָ廹ͼ̫Գֵǿߣӡ
̫
ʱһ󾪺
ܵģ̫Ѿ̫նɱô
̫ôĵӣ㾹Ȼƭ죬ѵ˵ô꣬һֱڼ
Զ̫Ϻ̫ѪڸشոǷ֣˷ǳȴ벻⡣̫ԳֵǵɫӰ־ŭ·ܵĳ𺳡
ˣ
һʯǧˣ˵ľƤһҲɲ
̫
̫ң
֣ȫϤޱȡ
ʮǰûзǼ飬ڳ侳֮ǰʥʵʵʵǱԼ֮ߵģΪĸţ侳ʧܣܵɣʥʵʵһ˥ˡ
˥˵ʱʥʴԼһҲɱ̫ʼ
۷ʱڵʥʣɻҪǿϺܶࡣ
ֱ̫еλ̫ǸʱʥС
ѾǸۣҲû̫⡣ǿ̫ϡ̫ķӦ̫ߵ˾Ѿ̫ôܣ
ѵ˵
һɲǣԺ뵽࣬֯ɣδûʲôı
ֻһ˲ܿ췴Ӧ
ܣ
岢˽̫ȴ˽ʥʡ
û
ʥʵ·бͨȴԶʧɡ
ʥ緢֮ʱԸܺ֯һ𡰹ᡱʲô֡
ɱ̫ʥʣκεı
һ㣬Զȷɡ
ˣ
뵽һѸټˡʵ硱ֻйâãҲ֮˼ı仯ٴ̫Ե̫ɲǼ䣬һ
һ̣ڿһЩͬѰĶҲʲô
ߵĻԶֹ壡
һ̫࣬Ϻ̫˾ŭӵʱ̫ʼɫ侲㲨
̫壬Ƕˣ벻㾹ȻֶΣ
ʱ̫ͻȻˣ
̫̫Ҳһնɱ¡Ǵ˺̫ʬȴƾʧ֪ȥ¡ΪƾʦΣգ̫ºҲֻΪǱ̫ȥ
벻ȻǱȥ˷
һԾ̫벽öһ𺳣ȻҲ˹
ֻ壬ɫ糣
̫ǵɫӰֻһǣ߱Լ꣬һ㣬ȻҲͨʵ硱۲쵽ˡ
ǧǰ͵ԶԼ֯һУʵϣȴһֱй۲ķչΪĵ͵첻ע㣬̫Ҳ㣬ȴڰгıһУֶǸ
̫Ǽ
͵̫壬˥ͻ̡Щ꣬˶̫Ūڹ֮С
̫Ļֻʮֱ̫ǿУ̫ʵǿǰ֮УԪסĴԼ쾳󣬾ǿ֮һʵϣ̫ҵġһȴûķѣɱѾ˵ǿ
һ˵̫̫֮ڵǿ˲ֹһ㣬ȫԵ
̫õ̫ǿʵ֮ǿ֪
Ȼô꣬ȴʼû˿¶Ӷ֪ļƳǸ֪֮
һ̣̫ͻȻЩףΪʲô̫һֱ޿֣ǼҲһֱݲȣˡ
̫أҴû˵ҵ͵Ҳû˵ҵʵеһУֻ˵ģԼĸܶѣ
ʱ򣬰֮У̫ͻȻ˵ˣؼ졣
˫֣һ˵ţһǰȥ
һ̵̫Ŀ͸һİ°޷ӣӴѹϵĴͷų
ˣ
һĴһƣԱ̫ϣԭϢĽƳһɺ̫ƵϢ̺ɢ
ԲǧڣŤģѡ
һ̵̫岻κεαҲʲôֵ飬ΪѾûֵıҪ
ʮͬѾתѾռ䣬û˿׽
̫صġͬҲܿͻ᰾ͷСʱǾͻҷʣµ̫Ϻ̫͸ӲĶ֡
Ĵ󣬾Ϊ˼ľѪƾ֣ܶԸң
̫Ӹ£Ŀû˿˵Ļȴ̫ϡ̫鲻ԽȥſУ˾⡣
̫УǸܵɱ⡣


ڶǧһʮ ͼذ
Ȼڱ¶̫¶ʵʱ̫Ѿע⣬뿪
ҲͰˣ̫֯еָƣǵδܹ˳뿪¸
̫̫ˣ
Ǻ̫ʶѾԪһ̣ȴ֣ǾȻӲ˽̫塣
̫̣
˭Ҳ²͸еʵ뷨
̫ܰɷ׼Ҳ׼ͬķʽ
쾳ǿҪ̫ˣ
ϸ룬̫̫նɱʵвٿɵĵط׼Ϊ˵õ̫̫廹˲֪顣
ˣ̫Σˣ
̫壬һжҵģȻţǾ£Ҫ뿪ˣ
̫żˣ
󣬺䣬һڹ۵̫Ҳ֮˻һͬһʱ䣬һǿʶʵʣ˲ϢһΪ̫ء̫Ϻ̫
ɱ糱ա
Ǽ˵һظɣ
̫ؼ졣
¡¡ֻһ˲䣬̫ʧ˰֮С
ͬһʱ䣬ţضҡһƬĩһ㣬һ̣̫̫ͬʱ֣޴ͶӰգΪ֮ɫĶ쾳ޱ޼ʣ֮٣ʱ̫صϯ
ͼ
ذ֣
ǧʱ䣬ѰԼġѨӪˮйͨĵˡ̫ΪԼĵƣռ䲼ˡʮͬ󡱡
еĵѾȫ¶Ǿ̫ص˻Żȥġ
Σ̫˶Ҫ
֪ˣ
Ϣй¶ȥ֪һУӶ׼
¡
ɲ֮䣬ֻһէ죬ɽȻͬһɽƵһīΪɽľ޴ƣӸ£̫ص˺ݺҹȥ
ӴǰͬΪ쾳ǿߵ̫صԵɫգȫ¶ŵɫ
ˣ
ʯ䣬һһϣ̺ǿҵʱղͣĴɢȥ
ҽɫۣ׵ĲλҲŷһǿҵĽ⣬⻯Ϊ磬סˡ
ֻǣڴʱ̫塢̫ǰ޹⣬ө֮һ㡣
ԶԹۣһĻҲһݡ
ֵ̫ɲǣо̫Ŀ⳯ԼķƳһۣȻʱ伫ΪݣΪǻþ廹ǴиоһΣպɱ⡣
̫ؾǵһ
ʮֱ̫ûһ֮
رǣܹƤֽţŪ̫ɷǧһֱԼĶӶˣ̫ʲôĴϺ˵Ľɫ
Ȼ˵ҪԼˣʵϣֻҪҪԻԥĶԼ֡
Ҫ𣿡
ʱԵͼͻȻڵڸһʱ֮ѾĽ±ƺʱ˳ֵ׼
ȻһҲо̫صɱ⡣
û˵һ˫ҹУ˲Ϣͷ
̫壬̫أȫʲôࡣ̫ɱ̫أһͻԸԼ̫ɹɵ̫壬ͬԸԼ
ͼĴڼΪ΢ҲΪΣգ
ٵһȣ
йâһ£ͻȻڵ
˫ȭգͬĹһҲ˳ֵ׼̫ǳ֣ԴУһ֮ǰ廹ô
Ϊʼָоһͻ̫֮УԶûеһ̡
¡
ҡض̫̫λ֯Ķǿ֣ǹǵأɽֻһ̫ء̫ϡ̫˵Ĺ˲顣
ֹˣ̫ص˹ҽɫۣŷĺƴҲ˲١ǿķҲʹĽɫۣķѣը÷顣
һߣħһɣ
ۿ̫ء̫ϡ̫˾Ҫ̫УԶ嶼Ѿ˳ֵ׼ʱ벻鷢ˡ
̫壬Сˣ
һޱȣͬĵһ㣬ͻȻռ
໣
޴ѹʹ̫崴Ǽͷɽ޴ҲͻȻ໽һ¶־ɫķſڵأѣͺ񿴵ʲôǳµĶһ㡣
ˣ
û˿ף̫ء̫ϡ̫˼ûǰɲǣһâ£Ȼŷ˲Ϣ·ʱ⾲ֹһ㣬̫塢̫ǵصĿֲ˾̫ػ֮֮С
ֻһʧ٣Σͺڹһ
ͼ̧ȥֻ֮У̫һָһָס̫塢̫˵ĹӵĪ
ʱ˿̵̫أ¶ϢҲӡеĽȻͬͨ¶һϵ£ΨҶζ
˫ɫҲԵ䣬ͬͨǧʱһ㡣
̫Ǹ̫أǸ˵ĸоȴ·ȫһˣ¶ʵǱ֮ԭǿֹ
ˣ
ͻȻı仯ͼƤжʱһǿҵΣոУϸ˵ʯ䣬ȥ
ã
һɲǣ˶̫صϸоһϤζ
죡
ⲻܣ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶԭѾռݾϷ̫ҲķһЫȥ
䣡
еսʿ̫Ҳ𺧣׷ȥ
족֣ںܾ֮ǰ̫ǡĵˣҲġħηĴڡ
̫û˵յС̫ءе𺳣ʱҪԶԶκˣ
죡
û£ٴθܵǹϤϢ
š족ļԪڡ족Ϣǳ˽⣬һд
̫ɢϢ͡족һģһ
ǡǡ̫ǧη壬ɵͬʱҲҪرܵġ
ǣôܣ
Ϊ˶Ը족ͨĿռһӴơ
ǴԪ֮ǰһϵģѾʧǿƣǸƵԴڡ족֮ǰǧǰţ֮ҵ󷨣ҳɹá
κβķ񡢷ķڣȫ޷Խ
Ϊһ㣬̫źң̫ص֣Ҳʼձ򶨡
Ϊ˼ɵģֻһѡ
̫壬̫ʧˣ
̧̫ͷзȴǡ족Ǻ
ôˣޣ𣿡
ܣܣ
̫ʧѾȫû֮ǰ򶨡
ͬһʱ䣬ҲȫһѾȻɡһͻ֮У̫ص֮аնԸ̫壬Ϊ족ʲôǿķҲΪ˶ࡣ
ĵƾǡ족
Ҵǰ̫Լʹĳطıܹ̫Ĵ
νġͬڿҲֻΪ


ڶǧһʮ 飡
Ȼֻһ˲ˣ֮·һӹһ̣У족תͷ˫ĿѸ䵽һϡ
ܺã֮ӣȻҲڣãʡ޵鷳Ծｫһ򾡣
飡
족ɫĮһ˵ţһŲǰ̤һһһǿƣޱ޼ʣա
족ֻ΢꣬һ죬֮Ĺ򼱾粨ϣ̫岼µʮͬ·ܵĳǿĳһһ󷨲ϱ顣
ֻ֮䣬̫ԭӳϵʱʧ١
һĻ塢ͼ̫壬ȫƤ
̫岼µǿܹڶ̶ʱѸƵֱ˷ָ
Ҷ˵ûʲôʵ
̫ˣ
ȸܵһľ̫Ϻ̫֮ǰսУԭˣʵ½һ̣ϵϢˮǴߣѸٻָԭľ磬ԭϵҲ˲Ϣࡣ
˳ö岻
û˵ŰеǵӰȴͷƤըĸо
Σգ
ĳ֣һͻʴԭ֮ѾüΣա
֮ӣղײգȻˣȴ㿪ʼɣ
Ԥϣ֮һֵĿ겢̫壬һ塣
ˣ
û˿ףָһţֻǶķһץɲǼ䣬ӿ
໣һ˷޾۶ڰлΪǧľ֯һ𣬳ķݺݺ¡
䣡
һΣʯ䣬һѸܿ
ȻһԶȿĿµö̧࣬ƵɲǣѾݺݺվֹ֮ˣǹ֮л̺һǿģʱյĸеʱ֮ܵ˾޴Ӱ졣
ʮ죡
ʯ䣬ֻһ¥εضѸٻΪһ᲻ɴݵļʵϣ赲ǰ
ʮ죬Ǵɾѷ˱仯ԭĽɫ˰׽ɫҷһɫ̺˴ζ
ﵽ˶쾳Ҳ͸̫Ԫļ䣬Ҳʮİ壬پκεƻʽ
䣡
ʮ컯ɵıݺ챬Ĺײһ𣬱˲飬ȴҲɹһһ˸Ѹ˺֮ľ롣
֣֮ǰҴӦ飬˵
ʱ̫ͻȻڵٴС
û˱ʵһһǱɡ
ϵ裬ԶǿԱģͬʵ£ܱսҲκͬĶָе
𣿡
̫ĻȴһЦ
̫壬ѵˣһʵ˭𣿡
û˷Ӧ˲ʧԭء
ˣ
ʯ䣬̫ƤҲ룬Ե̫һ֣ȫ㾡ȫǰȥ
Ȼ̫̫ĹŸոձ·⵽ĳǿĳһ㣬ҵıը鿪

ֻһĲҽУ̫塢̫ԼսʿȫɨҶ㣬ǹɿֲɨԶԶ׷ɡ
ٹսʿûзɳԶڱըлΪ촷ۣҷ𣬼ͷ޴߶ûһͱըķѣʬ޴档
˺˵ʵֱľ
飡벻飡
̫ɫ䣬͸η塣
飿
̫Ļ͵һ¡
岢֪̫еʲôȻ˼Ϊ
СģһּΪķһöĩӡͨⷽƶɣͨȼһֱ̫ǿߵԶʱͻⷢӳɵʵֻ֣ǲܴл
̫ĶǰٴС
ı嵱ǱǸˡӡģҪѴܣֻܳȡһֵԷʽߡ
һ㣬һɲ䡣
ַƣҪõĩӡǣҪһ̫֮ˡ
̫ģغֹ֮ңҪõ̫֮˼ܣ̫һʼûⷽȥ롣
Ȼڣ̫ĵѾ
ߣڻĴ룬޴
족Цؼ졣
Ҳã̫Ҳգжͬһ΢
ô꣬ıӡֻз⣬Ƿվ̫̫Щ˶˷ʸ񡣲ڣһжѾ֮ı䡣
飡
ǸıϷĴڣ
ʱ֮ǰı屻ӡһ취ķֻϧ̫ˣ̫ľͺѵõ˵Ĳϡ
ַʧʼߣڹȥʱʵѾ˺ܶΡ
ڼ֮ǰڳɹ
飬Դ͸ӡӱ
۵߷֮֮ǰκһ߷Ҫǿö࣡
廹̫壬УѾˡ
ѾעΥ޵ģֻ·һ
족ķ˿裬ĶͶ֮ɢһĪƣ̫壬ڡ족ǰҲҪȻʧɫ
ˣ
һţ¡¡ɲǼ䣬ؼƹһҵըܼƳһ׵籩׵֮иһ޴İӰңңס˶ġ̫塱
ȻҪˡ
̫Ϻ̫Ҳһ𺳡
족ѾƳɹ顱ȻǶ֪̫سɹĽˡˣ˵ȴǸõϢ
ˣɷŹǣ
ý˻ᣬһ򾡣
̫Ϻ̫Զ˵
ɵ̫ͻ֮ӣ½ֻʣ˹ظԭ̫һһֻƾһ̫һҲľ֧֯ôĻսȵռ˵ĩӡǣؼգ֯ҲսصԪ֮ǰõ۷״̬
綼ǵġ
𣿡
ʱһͻȻ𣬾һ࣬ǧ֮ĵطĿͻȻˡ
һ̵ġ족ʷǰǿϴξʦмҪ£ȴη塣
ˣ
âһһ̣е̥ͬʱ֣ͬžҵķ籩һ㣬Ϸ̥Ϲâ˸ڵϢӦ
ʱ˿̵ֹ̥ƾʵ֮ǰһ¥˵һ̥Ѿﵽ쾳̥Ҳ붴쾳ֻһ˿ѡ
죬ΪƿһУʹ𣿡
кһûȵ족һ̣ˣһ˸̥Ȼ֮ƿնȻһ췢˽
ͬһʱ䣬䣬ͼһʱ֮һŷգû˿ԥͼһ𷢶˹
һ̣ڲأչ¶ʵԶ̫嶼Ϊ֮𶯡
֮ӣ̫ȻҲ˽⣬Ҳ֪ɱˡ̫ʼ̫УʵΪܹԼᲢۡ
ʱ˿̣չ¶ʵѾȫԼ֮£κΪ֮ݡ


ڶǧٶʮ ˮһս
ûᣡ
û˿ԥ̫һݣͬʱ̫ͬĨƿնһ췢
籩
ⰵ̫

ڤڤУн죬ţ쳹أֻʱ䣬һɫķ籩գЮſֲĻϯȥ
ɫķ籩еһз׷𣬾նۿɼģѵĺɫպۡ
籩
̫Դѧ
Ԫ֮ǰһΣ̫桰족ƺ֮Уۿһʱյ𣬿һйԭʼ״̬Ŀֲ
ʱһĻ̫¼̵ӡ󡣶š籩̫ȡ⾳ɵġ
ֵ̫ͬʱڵķ籩·һŹⰵɫͬһͬʱϯ
ⰵ̫
̫ľѧ
̫Ȼ̫ɱڵġ̫ڣšⰵ̫вľѧ֮һ
ǡ籩ǡⰵ̫̫̫Ϊֱ̫ڵıѧж̺汾ԭ̺֮µĻ֮
ֱѧΪ˻죬̫Ѿȥ벻ˡ
û˱·ܻ˶
Ϊ족еͽǡ족һɱġ
һˣֵ̫ͬʱͬ˹
磡
ʯ䣬âһû˿ԥ˲ͷ˵̥ڵһɲǼ䣬޾ı֮ǵأͬٲһ㣬ӵ̥籡޴ıʱն
ĵ̥½ǿġϵߡ츳ͨġ硱ֲεǿߣҲһܵõӰ졣
ˣ
ֻһƬ⣬˲仯Ϊ׺˪磬Ʋ֮УͷųĹƣһ̶·𱻶ˡ
ն֮
֮ˣһ̫֮ҪҵĽɫͻȻ֮䣬˲ٻ˹
飡
ֻ˲䰴ϣͼһ̥ڶ̥ͬʱ֣Ķȫӿ磬ȫ뵽ڡ
һ춯صĺضҲ˲Ϣ䣬һġ֮ͨ쳹أӴǧ֮ն֮ƣŰеġ족նȥ
һ壬ͼһ̥͵ڶ̥Ĵǿ֮֮ھʦ֮лҪֲöࡣ
ղײգ
屾ȥʦ֮ս죬ȴǰһĻʵˡ
̫壬λĴ棬Դ˫ķһ֣췢˹
ǿֲǵأɽضΪ֮ɫ˵Ĺһ̣춼Ϊ֮ݡ
ãСˣ
侪ҡ
쵰Ȼֹ죡
ں󷽵̫Ϻ̫һҲľ
ӹ񣬵֪ʵҶֵĻûм̫Ϻ̫ҲӲ죬֣һɱģֱ졣
Ҵǰ̫廹壬˴ĵƣ̫һţ飬һαַ̫г̣˾Ҫȫû̫С
쵰
ΣԲǶ첻һɱǡ
־ֺûй˼ʯ䣬λֱ̫ǿͬȫһɶ쾳ɽ˵緢
ˣԸǣһ˾͹ˡ
˵ʱʱ죬ʱƽͻȻ˵Ժ֮С
⣬ǵһã
䣡
δ䣬û̫Ϻ̫Ӧ˫һ죬̫Ϻ̫ļϡ
һ̣ھͺһ޴ڶ̫Ϻ̫λֱ̫ǿڵˮһй׷ӿ뵽ڡ
̫Ϻ̫ɫƽû˿ķһ֮ӡ
ľԶԶ̫壬ϾֻһöǱǰӵǿķ̫ڶǿվࡣ
̫Ϻ̫ڵȻõĲ
ܾˣܹƵϵǿмȡ̫Ϻ̫ڵѾǶ̫ļˡ
䣡
壬족һɱ̫Ҫǿͨ͸âһ̣족ֻһ̧֣˲Ϣġ硱УסƬռ䡣
ˣ
û˿ף£ռһ̫ĸӦУ·ͣһ£ʱ䶼·𶨸ˡ
̫屬ĺ˹Ҳڿгɲǵͣ͡
һĻ̫嶸ıɫ
䣡
û˷Ӧһ̣£ֻһ̫屬ģͣɫ籩£ȱķѣҷ
ܣ
һĻ̫һˡ
籩ǿĹȻ̫廹ûԴΪƾһпԶԸı壬׵ƽˣҲԶԶԤϺ
Ȼû̫룬һ̡
䣡
ɫġ籩·׼£̫״ⰵ̫׻Уűը
̫廹̫Ƕ۷Ķǿߣ˱ĹɽأȻԡ족˵Ĺ̫̫壬ȫֵס
ۣ
̫̫һһѪ͵ɳȥ
족ǿһķɣֱʱű
ľǣ̫̫֮ĹȻûнľ״ݿ࣬Ժ˵ٶȳ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ɫĳ׹ֻ屬ġ֮Ľ湥ն֮ȱһִɫУǧ߳ľ조޽ĺ£ֳѺۡ
һգ۵ʱ䶼ġն֮ͱ족һ״ݻˡ
󣬵һ̥ġϷӡҲ⵽׵Ĺ˲ķУССķȫһ˲ҷ𣬻Ϊ촷ۡ
ڶ̥̥ͼڣ֮٣˵ĹӶȫҷ
˭Ҳû뵽֮ȻҲֵס
ôܣ
ǰ׹⣬嶼ıɫ
Ȼ족̫ϡ̫ȫ̫ڿռҲδ̫ˡ
ң⻹ʵֻһ顱ѡ
һ̣иܵ𶯣λ֯䵽ǿʲôز
ͬһʱ䣬ҲףΪʲôڡ족ӡ̫һ̫Ԫ̫Щʼձֵ͵ԡ족ôĻĪҲΪʲô̫ء̫ʼ̫Ǭ˶ԡ족ôĹκ¶ᱳˡ
͡족ӴԽ࣬˽Խ࣬ԽоĿ£


ڶǧٶʮһ ֮ʯ֮
ֹˣǸѾȥˡ
ʵΪԽߣԽʥʣ֮£ܹɵƽƽвģҲֻʥʡ
ĺڳ侳ʧܣʵ˥΢ĩڣܹ̫ʼ̤ʦ벽첻ҹҪıԸ۷ʱڵʥָúεȵǿ
ǹͨݣɽӣһħҷġһǶڽ˵Ҳ޷ġ
屬ġһֻʥòļ򻯰桰һѡ
棡֪һδ֪ʱ֮ʹǿҵϵǷáִ١֮о
˵ʱʱ죬ʯ䣬Ժͷʱ֮ʯͻȻ
ţһ磿
ͻ嶼һ㵡
Ȼûϸ룬ܿ죬ǰһ䣬ֲɫбӡ
谵УҵͬУһɹɺںɫа㣬һֱּ۵ķʽǰ
Ǻںɫ֮ʱնŤֹˣĽǶȿȥ̫ܿռֺںӰ£˼ϸ΢Ť
ŤԽ΢ġ쾳ǿ߶ֲˡ
̫Լû֣һֿռ䣬ǧӴʱƿ֮У
Щ˿Ƶĺںɫͬͳγһ㣬ռе
˵ף൱һֱӾǳȡ̫۵Щ
ˣ
ɫһͻȻʲô
ȷʵǿ󣬵ûǿһܶԸôප쾳ǿߵĵز̫岻֪б족ˡ
̫ǧʱȡġ롰족ƿ֮Уˡ족
족Ա֮ì֮ܣ̫Ըˡ

ɫһ䣬ͬ޾ˮӿɫףһֻ̽ռ䣬漴ԥķ֮ʯ
䣡
ڤڤУǰһͬһʱ䣬Ժҫ۵֮ʯ֣һӴֲͣԾţ߰˰˲ġ
һ̣ڿռ𵴣͵Ķһµʱƺʲô
ھ廹ңǳǧ򣬻ص׺ͻȻ֮·һһ㣬˲ʧ١ֹˣһܵУǹеǧߡһҲ·ܵʲôδ֪ĸţһը֮󣬶ʱʧ
ž
һ˲䣬׵ʧռһƬ
У족ͬһ㣬·ִǬƿһУǵͷʧ족Ҳɳһ˿㵡
Ȼı仯Ԥ֮С
Զһ˵̫ʱҲʶŤͷһۣɫ졣
û˱ס족һĿֲ
Ȼ֪ô£̫ǳ϶ͻȻı仯Ľ
㾹Ȼ
족ûмڳ֣ɫ΢䣬Ķ·壬ͺһע⵽һ
֮սʤǸ屻ܣǵĹ춼̫⡣
֪ոշ飬Ǳϵô򵥡
һָоƺʲô
㵽ʲô
ɫ䣬˫絶ĶŰе죬ͬԣû˿ã
Ǹ飬Ǹߵ絽ʲôϵ
ڴƾʦıʲô
Ϊ˻һ㣬Щעģáִ١弸֮ʯȫķ档
͸ոʱġߡȣȫͬġ
ĲոƽЩ˿˿ƣصĺںʱ֮ʯᵽһ硱ܺϵһģʣֻߵ硣
Щںɫ˿˿ƣǺܶ࣬岢ûɴ϶ˣʣЩڵ磬ǧ˿Ƶϵ
ռУпܵľΪˡ
㿴ˡ
̤գһЦЦǰ˼
һЩǳرĶû˿ƽҵĶǵһ
𣿡
ЦŤͷǧ̫塣
콻̸ʱ̫һֱòƺҲʲô
̫壬㲼µЩȫ⿪ʮͬȫͷų

ʲô
̫ԣʱһ΢͵ػع
ɣǱذɡ
ʮֹͬѹ̫ء̫ǵ̫ԸҪֻҪڣǵġܽͣЪսȻһܹ죬Ҳܶɼв
⿪ǧȡȫͷţζЩߵȼ˭á
ľΪԶ֮ϣʱдܵĿơ£˱ذɡ
˵ûѾĴĴʮͬ󡣡

ʲô
仰̫ڻıɫʶ̫Ťͷ˰е졣
Ԥϣԭһָ߸ϣ̩Ȼĸоǵ̫忴ȥʱȴ춢Ŀ⣬Ȼɫ䣬֮ǰʱȻͬ
һ̣̫巴ӦҲʲô
Ȼţ˵ģºпġ
ôܣ
һʯǧˣ̫˷ɲ
ʮͬʵ߰ʮСС󷨹ɣЩ˺ܳʱŲóɹΪӦδĳһı̫ƴȫȥЩ󷨣ͬʱ޵мȡ
ЩӴھ̫壬Ҳֻܶһ֣޷ȡռ
̫ûзʮͬȻѾˡ
ЩӴ󷨱õģ̫ûƤ¿
쵽ôģ
ûз֣ηֵģ
СӣСˡ
ʱȻؼ֮ǰȻͬһɹɴ̹ǵɭɱС
һ̣ǿҵɱ
û뵽徹Ȼʮͬ󶼿ˡ
̫峷ȥеĴͷųէһ޹ؽҪٲûֱӸı˵ʵʵϣӰԶдöࡣ
ʵٻ½һء
ΪҾɱ𣿡
ص
ǾͿıˡҵҪڱ屻ӡ£ķжǿ
̫ʱﻹаɻ󣬺Ȼһж˵ˡ


ڶǧٶʮ 
¡¡
һֻ̣һ಻ϵıըһɽĺ̫ԥƵռеʮС󷨡
ʧȥЩ󷨵Ľ˲Ϣضҡ޾緢ҵıЩԵŨңռлۿɼỤ̃ЩΪʯڵء
̫ҲǸˣЩк̺ǧʱ⣬ҲѪһȷܿЩ̫ͺԥϤٵû˿
ˣ
ڴͬʱе춸Ȼ𶯣ϵϢҲ½һأɫҲȻ
廹̫壬ûһ֮
죬ûв´ĻӦûǲȱģûȫʱһܼ̫ʱ䣬ҪȻĸ߰𽵹󣬶ҵ
һ̫࣬ȴǷЦôã̫˽ˣһ߸ϣ֯û˶첻η壬ǵһο֡ʧ̬
Ҫǣ̫ĵƺŸոɣԲζ˵ĴԶûô⡣
ҿԿ϶״̬ɼ̫ãʱȫ״̬ܼôǿȵսֻҪ֣ƴȫյʱ䣬ͻܲסѱ䣬ʱҪӵĿ¾ˡ
̫Ťͷһ
챻ӡʱķһֱܵӡľ޴Ӱ죬û飬ôδزĶ֡
Ҫǣ̫Կ϶ռȫĩӡǣرöԭӡ֮ǰðʧȥôǿķ
Ļҵ뿴мܻŻȥ
һ࣬ͼйâһͻȻڵ
ͻȻתۣû뵽Ȼǿֻϧ̫ѲĶ֡
嵹һƽû˵ԺȴǴ˷˲Ϣͷ
Ʋãȫ̫Ϣڴʱ˼ΪҪֻҪץסһ㣬аջ졣
̫壬ҿʮͬķ
ͻȻ֮䣬忴Ϸ죬ڵ
ǴѾˣ
̫һЩ㵵
ոҪռͷţڴѻ٣ƴķҲû˿ô˰ɣ
ҾͿˡ
ûж˵
Ȼɻ󣬲̫֪ôԭ򣬺ܿ죬̫ʶƿնûԺʮͬķӡԺС
ھѾ㣬ֻʵͬСɣ鲻ȫҲӵмΣգǧСġ
̫ⷬüΪصķʽ
Ȼ¼ΪʵӲ͹
һս¹ʧܣһһʧܣȴԼ

֪
Ȼ϶ǲȱģ϶޵ǰ޾֮ܵĲ࣬Ϊʲô쾳۷壬Ҳվֻˣ񡣡
ʱԼ̫˶
˵ĿУһͦһӴȻȻͬһʱ䣬ֳ֮ƻ֮УѪѪУȻֳһöɫҴСޱȵԲ顣
ӱĽɫƣϸȥ֮лһצϣ̽צ˺ҧضھצ֮䣬һ㣬·̺ĪĽɫġ
˵ģӶһֻаߵħ
飡
Ƥһûмڿöӵɲǣ֪ض̫е飬Ҳǳ챾Ҫ
¡¡
öһ֣ؼ֮һɹɫΪ㣬Ϊģ¶
ֹˣֵʱ塢̫塢ͼоһͺǧɽͲѹռϣһ˲䣬ж¶صɫ
е飬˶ףʱҲζ˱ɱ֮ģ׼ɵսˣս
өҲԣ̫壬Ϊ޺˽⣬Ҿ㿴öȫ鵽ܲɱǣ
δ䣬һУ̫Ϻ̫뵽С
ʧȥ˾󲿷ֵĹֶǿߵսУ̫Ϻ̫Ҳ֮Σ
䣡
һУĿ磬˫һ棬ö顣
ֻƥ׹ҫ۶Ŀбŷͬʱĺգһ̣âһһΪһ磬˲û߿ʧ
Сģ
һĻ̫һݣæе
ʧ֮У޴ڵѹûڶ̶ʱڳʼαӣеѹʧĸ߿
¡
̫ʱһգ۵ʱ䶼һ֥СĺڵѾ˵Ұ֮УԾ˵ٶȼ
ֹˣֻһ춯صĺöɫ£ռУ·һˮը
̫֮ǰƵʮͬɢġռɽХ㣬ҵıԼӴһ£ȫ˸߿е飬£Ϊһ嫵Ļ籩ǵأɽ·˶

Хضҡ췢ɿֲûȫͷſӴѹʹռ𵴣гҡļ
Сģе
̫ɫһݣ˵ٿһԵ̫һڿնͬһʱ䣬һӴΪģͬҵıӶǹ
Ϊﵽּ̫̫ȻδػĴ컯ֹӶԪҲɲǼ䣬ֻؼ̺ͬ㣬ȫ̫̫ڡ
һ̫࣬˵ҲĿǰĴ鱾ѾǳǿƷ׶Ĺ֮ϣе绢˾ԽԶԸ
֣
кһವһʩչӰħΪһѼģӰʧ
죬ڣ㻹Ƕɣ
Ӱʧȴؼ졣
ʵǿҪ۵ѹԪϾκ֮¡
䣡
δ䣬һ̣ռ𵴣գۼ䣬ǧʱ֮飬˲Ծ˵ٶȱ鲼ա
̫ռУʮССѾ󷨺Ȼ֮·עµһ𵴣ת˲ı䷽򣬳һϯ߿ҲܵӰ죬ϯȥȻ֮Ҹı䷽ȥ
Сӣ㵽ʲô
һĻҲɻıɫ
徹Ȼܹߵȼֱ˼顣
ֹˣ̫ʮͬѾˣģȻܹЩȡ


ڶǧٶʮ Ĺ
ߣ
ֻһЦ𻰡
ֻ̫֮ƵЩСС󷨣ûг׵Ĵݻǣе󷨻ڡѾһǴȫûãǶڿ顷ͨ󷨵˵ЩĴȻ߱һתֻû֮ǰôǿ
ԭ廹޷ôЩ󷨻Ǵ̫õʮͬĲٿطһжѾȻͬ
Ȼǿ󣬵ӳ֮ǰôǿ
컯
󷨵ͬʱͬʩչŰµľѧ
¡һӹڰף߻Ϊ磬߻ΪҹҰͺҹĽ紦ֳһSεߣո£ͻְᷢͺҹȻһ޴̫
һʱһʱ֮У̫ԪȡԪļ䣬󣬶Ǹ컯еġ˸һ˽⡣
ʩչĹȻɽ컯ʵϣѾԳ֮ΪŹռ汾ˡ
á֮ĸݣ¸ӵĺʡ
¡¡֮ռĸӾңͬһʱ䣬Ӵڷλ۶
ʮ֮ͬЩͷųģ̫۵߳϶ܵĿƣڣ嶯ʮĻͬʱʩչ֮һ˲䣬ܵӰĸߵȼȻﵽϣȻֻҡ
ıʣ˵̫壬˿̸߿ƿ죬Ҳо൱𶯡
ΪûôֲҲ޷ɵĸߵȼȫãַʽȴ൱ڱʵ
ߣ翹޵Ҫεֵ
ֻһ˲߿ɫ֮У㴫ģ˿
Ǭߵ֣֮ѹǧ磡
Ǳ߿ڳ׵ı
ˣ
̫ĿУͻȻ֮䣬߿йⰵ仯ڤڤУһϣ̺Īΰռ𣬲һصΧλ档

ֹˣǹϵÿһŷΧͳöڵġ
Ծ˵ٶӣٲȻΪһӴ󷨡
𣡡
ɫڶʱӵöʱʱ䣬һϣԽʱͿռĺգۼ䣬һӴ֮ߣϣճȻöɵĴ֮аεض
֮
ǿ֣ؼӿһսϢգеӴĸߵȼҲͬܵӰ죬Ҳ
֮Ϊģе仯ħаӰ鲼գһϥڵأֳ֮״̫崴Ŀռƺ̤˽£糼Ӱ㳼
Сģ
Ǿ޴ûʲôо̫ȴһݣֳһ˿η塣
һȥܾõ̫Ƕ΢΢ţ¶һɱܵη壬ƺҪֲ
ǰıѧҲǿľѧ֮һ֮ԱΪΨһ񣬺ҲĪĹϵǧСģ
һ̣̫͸ļɵ
ܶ˲֪ʵΪģЩڡǡǡʮֱ̫ǿߡ
ΪһԪдļԪ֮ӣʮλֱ̫ǿһǾžޣĸ֮ҵǵʱʼûԸ۷죬ֱչ¶ǿģ˼
û֪Դֻ֪ǵһνӴʱѾǳǿˣʮֱ̫̫Ҳˡ
ıѧÿһ˶˺ӡҲÿ˶ܵ𺳣ӶĸԸı¡
̫ļɵܸͬܵдһɹɳˮѹҲû˿η壬ȼܵĶ־ս⡣
ߣΣ˵ףҲǺһķӣƴһУҰѻʵһλ޸֮ʿҸˣ˵Щ̤۷ߡ
죬ҿжͣ
Ŀݣı̥ȫȼա
̥߷ζӵĸ֮
Ȼûøߵȼĳ̶ֳѾ޽ӽˡ
ѹû׼ƿصģ̫ռеڣΪãֻҪӵĽЩΪصһͶȥͿˡ
䣡
һһըռ䶼·ѿˣһ˷޾Ӹ۶
𣡡
ֻһһ̣âһһǧɳı˪ѩǡצƬ룬˺֣˵Ŀ֮С
Եĵ̥ɱ仯Ӵ⻯ɫı˪

һâһţڶͷɽĽɫѸٸ֣ɫı˪ԡ
ı͵һֱ̥𻯳һɫһɫب֮С
һſȫͷ̩ɽѹ֮ƣµġ֮սܡ
䣡
𺳵ĿУΰɽͰľһ֣׳㣬һһ޻أݿƣе֮ȥ
ȻȻӰһ˵̫Ҳ𺳲ѡ
Сӣ
̫ķ˵ĸо
ʱУڷ죬Ĳʵϣ̫ԼеһȻȷ֪ǿ֮Խĺ蹵Ȼӵǿҵģͬȼհս⡣
ǲ֪ǿȻϣȴҲ˿µļ󣬷ս죬·ⳡͻУȨһ
ǿҵսη壬̫ǰûġ
һʮëͷСǣʱ䣬ѵҷԽԽȥˣȲһСӣ
̫ԳһЦܿƺܵĸȾһɺƵǿսͬڱ
䣡
ֻһ죬̫һԵ̫˷۵糸ͬڿն壬Ǿ޴ȥ
籩
ⰵ̫
̫̫ٴα˱˴ǿĹ
ֻǺ֮ǰȣһεĹǿγɵĻ籩йģҲҲں˸
һֲһУ͸֧Ǳʹַʽսֵ̫ʱ̫̫Ѿ˲̫ˡ
Ϊʩչ֮ʱѾû·
ڼһɲѾʹöǿķס˾ҲӲ
¡¡
У޴֮ףһ޴ֱƳȭ·ݺ䡣
ֻɽȭ֮ղѣֳһɿɳĺɫѷ졣
Ǿ޴ĺɫѷԨһ㣬ΧһС
Σյʱѷ죬޴ֻ֮ƾܹ˿µһʵˣ
ԣġ֮ѾԶԶԽ˶۷ļ𣬴ﵽһģߵľ磬Ȼûдﵽ侳Ҳڵ̫Եֵġ
Ȼˣ廹̫嶼ûκεȴ


ڶǧٶʮ ս⣡
䣡
ֻգ۵ʱ䣬ı̥ľ֮ƣݺݻе֮ײռֽͬƬ˲˺ѿ
Ӵײռһ
ɣ죡
ҾΪеҲҪ±
ݺݵĶſУ֮˿Ĺ
ΪˣӴ࣬ס
ʥһĴУͬҲĶ֡
ڿԿ϶һУǳ޷͵Ĵƽ٣ԺĪĹϵ
˻η죬岻ͬⳡսڴ̫ˡ
¡¡
Ӷײڿֲ֮ϣҧצ˺ųβݺݵ˦
ÿһɽ֮һɽ嶼ܹ׵ײ飬Ȼ԰о޴֮еĹȴȫֵ
֮ΧٲȻһȦͭǽڰαϣЩƴĹȫȦεĻ赲ǵˣ֮ɫľ£ӴֱӾͽѣһβǡ֮ġǰ˲仯ΪϸС΢ʧ֮С
ֹˣⲨײ̥ܵ޴ķ֮ܵĴˡ
Ȼˣȴûκε
ն֮
ڸߵȼ۶ɵѵͬʱһ̫ľ޴̹â貣ҫգ˲䱬һĽɫݺݵնյ֮ϡ
һֱʿ֮ķھ޴ΧĴУ俪ѷ졣
еĻҪ£ˣĹǷá

û˿ԥѣûȫɢͬʱٴؼ̫ܵӴߵȼ
âһӴľٴλ۳͡
䣡
һУɽǧɳľһۣ֮ƣĸٴصײ֮ϡ

ֻһҽУײϵɲǣǣۣһɫ˳ڡ
֮ѷ
ȥӴ˵֮ǹһ壬κ˸Ҷ֣ͻ⵽׵ķɣʲô΢ǿ߻ҷǶ쾳ǿҲܵ޴ķش
̫ΪѾﵽǷ켫һĵز˵죬ôһιܹȫ̱á
ˣ廹̫壬ȫȥˡ

һһ˷ռ޾ĸߵȼϻ۶
ЩӴ岻ԡÿһξ󶼻Ѹۣٴһͬھķʽݺײַ֮ͨʽ
磡
ʮ죡
֮ŭ


̥˴ͳһֱ˴˶ʹþײ֮ͬʱҲʩչ־ѧ·ʹ֮
ͼҲʩչȻ˵ŲԸйϸ𣬵Ͼֽ׻ȨŪڹ֮ˣǴвΣٵһٵơ
䣡
Ĵֹÿһбѵ֮ޱȡ
һˣ̫̫۷֣ͬץסŸ߿е췢Ĺ
ʵ̫ǿ̫ǿˣһ̫ͬž޴ѹһǿޱȣϴķأڶ׺£ֻУܸоЩ쾳ǿߺ֮Ĳࡣ
˫֮ž޴ĺ蹵£Ҫ켸ܡһ̫ͬѡ˻㼯ߵȼͨʵ
ڤڤУⳡսٲȻҪ֮ĳײġ
߿УʱҲǱޱȡ
廹̫壬ԲĶ֣춼֣һöܸ㶨ǡ
̫֣ټڶͼ쾳ǿͬʱΧ죬ҪڶʱڻǣһһնɱҲ
ҵҪֶܼã
ŭ
ڤڤУһǶصľ޴֮Ȼ仯һĸߵȼͬٴ뺣ӿ֮ڡ
գۼ䣬˫綸ȻһΣȻ̫ռֱֻۡ
֮һҲΪ֮ǰȣƸӺˡ
¡¡
һֱָۣ֮ţ׵ҫĶ׼·̫ˣ޴֮ٺݺѹ¡

ĵһ̥Ӧֱӱ֮һֱԼĳҵ׻УɲǼ䣬Ƭ䣬ǶϽֱۣӾͱ䱬壬Ӱбݺ䡣
飡
ͬʱһ̫ġ̫Ҳ֮ĵһ׻УͬԶԶɳȥ˲ơ
һĻ廹̫壬ɫ
̥Уһ̥ϵӵǿķǵһ̥ܵش̥¸ء
̫
Ȼһ̥Խ֣츳֯У˶֪̫ӵһŷǿ񹦣֮ǿҲǴﵽ˸һĵزԶֱ̫ǿߡ
һͽǺò㱬ʵʵںˡ
˳߲ȻִԲ޾ʹһ̫壬öĩӡǸûˡ㣬Ŵƻ޵ļƻҲ뿪
ƴޱȣδ䣬޴ֱףգۼȭҺ
飡
ֻ죬ĵڶ̥ͼɡ
Сģ
һĻ嶼ɫһ˸ʯ䣬彫Ӱħʩչޣʱ֮⾪˵һ
ȻһлԶûнһδɽƴĹ֮Уֱ۾ͷǼ䣬ֻһܼĵ绨һһҵĵ绡ͻȻ޵УƾոΧ
Щҵĵ绡ٲȻΪһס졣
֮ŭ
ƴޱȣ쳹գһ̣ͬǧϪպ£ܼΧʮﷶΧ
꣡
Ĺ£̫ռ·ܲסӴһռϷȻһ羪쳤ľ޴ѷ졣
ѷĿռѸٱ⣬ΪϸСĿ¶޾̫գڰ¶ζ
ã
Ϊһž޴ġǶ£̫ɫ䣬һ̣ͬʱܵһɴͷв
͸˵ȥֻüУһ˶ɢ̫֮Ҫҫ۵ĳҹâǺ嫵Ĺâ޾罭ˢķҵͷų
ʣһѾǿҪһնɱⳡֲµļս
ߣ
̫һݣҪ뿪׵ķΧȻûжӸ߿д
ûõģ޵ǰӲˡ


ڶǧٶʮ ۷֮ս
һֻſһΧʮɫʱ֮Ȼ֣Ƭգľ޴ɫѷҲһס
ʱշ
һĻ̫һݣ˲˳
ڶ쾳ǿ˵ʱʵˮǿ쾳ǿ߾ܹη裬ǵɫʱ֣̫֮оʩһεĽĶܵ޴ǯơ
УѾӡǲٿʱ뿪
ˣ
ǵضµף̫ʱɫɷףһ࣬ͬоŨҵüϢΣ
Х裬ˣҲǶ־˿ûη壬Ҳûкˡ
ˣ
嵤𶯣һʱóֵ׼׼ˮһսʱһ졢ȵĸоͻȻӻд
忪ʼû⣬ǷǹȵԴͷ嶼һ
ԯʥ
һΪ⣬ϵǱԯʥҲǴɾ͸Ĵɽûٿص£Ȼ㣬ڶŷһɹɳҵĵ⣬ޱȡ
Ϊǣԯʥʱ򣬾Ȼоʥ췢ǧףĳϵͺĳֺӦһ㡣
ԯʥӵвٿʹУõĶؼ׵磬֡Ϊסкܴ𣬵ǿԯʥڵķӦѵ
Ժиոͷս֮䡣

һ׵ͻȻһۣͺܵĳ㣬ͻȻı䷽ͬٴ뺣㳯ķۡ
䣡
û巴Ӧ׾֮ǰٶû뵽еԯʥУһ
Ⲣһν׵磬һθĸоȴȻͬ
챬Щףÿһӵбɽ֮һΣԸоõײеԯʥǡǡ෴Ǳԯʥѱ
оԼ׵Щ׷죬ֱ仯ֱ
⵽ô£
дΪ㵡
ԯʥǿļУӦûûôͨС˵ԯʥǱӡġ
СݵĽ⿪ˣ
ƺӦʯ䣬ϤͻȻԺ
ڵ޼ʧȥļ͸֪ڡ
СݵĽӣ
ʯ䣬ĿһƳɨԯʥ׵󣬷һЩһı仯
޳ĽϣȻһÿһжһģΧ뵡
ԯʥڲĳַӡ·飬ɢһɷ籩ǿϢио
ԯʥʵò𣿣
дΪ죬ǧǰƵ۵彣Һп¹֮սȵʥ
ȻǿıڹȥʱУȻûκε伮ͺΪڸ
ˣ
峤һӣɲǼ䣬ǣһԣȫգаϵ׵ԯʥлΪá
ǱȻ䵽ϣ
߿УƤһһ۾ע⵽еԯʥұϳ
벻Ĵ
ʥİһκʥ򽻵ôƺ˵һ֮
ʱǰ챾뽫˽٣ΪʥĲٿ֮֮γɼĿơ
ɾѳ֯ߣӴ˴˽֪ȥͬʱɾߵĻһöĩӡǡ
ĩӡǵȻҪô꣬һֱ׷ɱɾԯʥҲżҪá
ֻǴɾѳһֱʧ٣Ҳ֪䣬Դһֱ֮
Ӿ
ɱ㣬ܹ֮׹Ȼ̾ΪؼΨһϵǽ
¡
һٴУ޴֮ٴ֣һķ֮ϴͷŵѹҲԽԽ󣬶еĹȫ·塣
һˣ˵ǳ̫ģһ̣ɱķԶԶ̫塣
ʱ˿̣̫ȴȻͬһ̫Ҳע⵽Ǳâɵԯʥ
Ȼǰѽ
̫һۣ֮ǰȻͬ㱼䣬ͷԺзӶ
һɲ̫һЩһѺԯʥأܾãȴһȱǵ޻̸֮Ķ
ִ֮
֮
岢֪̫뷨Ҳûȥᣬ嶯ԯʥȥ׵ͬʱԥԼߵȼִ֮
ɣֻҪһûз仯֮ʯɶӵмǿĿá
ˣ
ХԺнһһ׺ɫƾո֣סȫͬʱ˲ִ֮еҲ֮仯
Ȼˡ
Ŀ磬һ۾ע⵽񱩵УһƺںɫĹ
Щ徻֮ĨĶȻһԾʹ˻죬ٿԴʵ
ţ
嶯þ֮֮ǰһɢĲֺʱͻȻ֮䣬Ŀɨо޴֮ĳλĿⲻ͵һ¡
һīɫ͸ŨҺĹ⻷Ҿλ֮ಿλ
һۣ廹ûע⣬ǿŹâһϤӰԼϤϢ͵һ¡
̫壬ٻķıսȫ̫ص壡
̫ΪģԽԽ죬ֻҪӿ̫ģĹͲƣʧȥͷӲ
ͻȻ
ڵ켸һ֮ѹ߸һķ濴ޣκǿıд۵ġ
̫صһ¶ʱ򣬻һʮ߰Ŀ꣬Ȼռǰ󲻹غϣĻɢһŨҵһʮߵĸо
Ȼ̫شҲһܲסִۡ
ֶֻθʹʱ̫֮صڸǣ֮ǰ̫жϣ̫ص֧š족ʱңڿСʱ
̫ӵ£ϣ
ɨһԱߵͼ
䣡
δ䣬ʱΣԯʥ˷ϣٳŸ߿е֮ȥһĿǳȷֱ׼֮ؿڵ̫
ʮ죡
ֻһȣн˲仯Ϊʮ̻Ի͵¥ӭһΣѸٻΪһɳĽɫǹ
һɫǹ̫ݺݺȥ


ڶǧٶʮ ܣ
⡪
ͻȻıһ̫㵲ѡԭֻͷѾ⣬û뵽ת˲ı仯
ʵ̫ǿһֱ֮ɱ̫صϢ̫ûֶΣ̫֮ܲеľλãҲ޷жľʱѡ塣
ϣ
̫һ죬һӴıâһһӰ·û̫У֮ǰ˵̫
ҽֻһˡ
˲ֱ̫࣬ӽһĹע̫ڣǿд߶̫ڵĹ֣ٴη
䣡
âһһУ˻ΪһӰ߿е֮˲ʧ
ⰵ̫
籩

һ󱩺մ̫̫ٴη񹥻
̫ʱѾֹۣ̫ʱѾ˲ôˡ
첻ľǣʱʧľͲһ̫ˡ
䣡
һһıըմ̫ıսʽйе֮ؿڵʱ˱仯
𣡡
һУеڲһ˿ңԭ֮߸ϣܲˣʹǿѹˣһ̣̫岻ҪĹòֳһء
书ʱҲ΢΢Щҡ
Ҫǣ̫ʱҲожȷģΪѾоһŨҵ֮ؿλɢԽԽŨң۶ܸо

ûᣡ
һĻ̫ʱ
죬ʼһľηΪ־ηǧ겻ȷ֪ı屻ӡֻзѡ
ڣΣ
飬Ҳһɱ
죬˵졯𣿽Ҿһ죡
̫ͻȻһЦ漴˲ĶڵĶ쾳ġ硱籩꣬Ÿ߿е֮رؿλõ̫
ˣ
ͬ𶯰㣬黯ɵ֮ɸߴΰƾˣӴȴԽԽǿңɫҲѸ˷̫ռбѹĸߵȼҲɢļ
֮ǰδй
ĲЧˡ
ˣ
켤ҵսһԸо켱ˡ
˵Ľ̫ܵѹԽԽ˥ҲԽԽ죬ʹԽĲȶֲȶӰ쵽˫֮ս
ս֮УĿԳ˺ܶʧ
ⲢУΪ̫˺ܴӰ졣
ˣĿֲʵɶ˼в
һȺ󱲣
ŭջ죬ĵһɲǼ䣬ؼ޾񳱳ϯȥ
ϣ
ġ籩ꡱ֮Уٿʱ֮һʱ֮𣬲ϵس֣ҲЩʱ֮任ʱʱ֡
Ŀ£̫ռĶ̶ܴ֮ܵȵӰ죬СΧȻʩչ
⣬ӵǿĶ岢ûȫʱ֮ŸСΧŲƱ仯ʹ˵ԽƮ׽һһεǿֲĹ
䣡
ֲԲʱһ߷һܣֻҪвҲˣʧȥ쿹
Ȼˣ岻ûкˣںⳡս֮вȡ˾Եͷ·Ƶһ㡣
ݣ
âһ˲˹̫ҫ۵ĽɫԲ̻Ϊһݣبǰһڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣһȭ
Ĺ𵴣Ǻ֮ǰȣ˺ܶࡣ
ն֮
ڵһͬʱһݣ˲佫еĹΪһɫľ쳤һֿٵصƣϿյ켱նȥ
ˣ
һڹؼʱ̲ٿʱ֮ٳһ貵ʱ֮˲Ժ֮غ͹ؿλá
䣡
һ䣬ޱȣĶ쾳ȡ̫ռеĸߵȼԯʥȡ֮׵ȫ䵽һ֮С
һӴҪԶԶ״̬µ۷һ
꣡
ֻһ죬޾׹ŻԵĸߵȼؿλҵըѿʱ䣬һȻֱӺķ뵽

һʹдȴʧ˺ܾõ̫ص峤ĵطһƽɫѪҺʶ
ʱ͸谭ɽͰӴڿȥͻᷢһȻһֱӴ뵽̫֮С
Ĳ֣ţʶѪҺɴ˶
£ʶռžԵǵ̫صܵصĴˣ̫ճ˯ʶҲǿлˡ
޴У̫û˵Ȼ۾չ¶̫شʱ𾪡
ܣ
һ̣̫ظܵ𺳡
жͼƻ̫Ϻ̫Ϊö̫һζԸ̫ɱﵣʵϣֻ̫ʼ֪ȫ̵ļƻ
ûƿһУӵǿ£ǾȻܷ˺죬̫رܵصĴˡ
һΣ̫ĸܵ𶯡
СӣȻûʧ죬ֲ˼ɵڴƾʦǸƻǴ˵ǸΪη˰ɣ
һĻ̫һЦһһΣ壬ٳ˶ȥ
һ̣ͻȻʲôھʦһЩжľƻȣʵѾ˺ܴĲͬ
̫еЩż춼йġ
ǿǰⳡսֻжʮ꣬Ȼһ˵죬̫ͻȻ֮ˡ
֮ǰ̫Ǭ̫ʼƻʧܣԼĳɽЩ飬û̫ϵ¼һ̶һ
Сӣ㲻ҴƾʦҸһܣһ켫أ֯Ҳûж֪ܣܻѾĴɾйء
̫ЦǺЦ쳹ء
ʲô
ս֮У̫ĻΪԾһΣڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣ챬һףĿʶƳ̫塣
ɾ
һˣȷʵǳöĩӡǣԼʦз˾˵̫Ȼ쳣͵ȴǸ֮һп֪һеԭί
ֻû뵽һ̾Ȼɾ֡
ߵƣ֮кʹɾоž޴á


ڶǧٶʮ ߣ
ɾͨĿǰΪֹµԤԼһһӦ飬ʴԼʦ鶼Ԥ֮У޺ԯʥԼġ
ɾȥܾãҲû뵽̫Ŀ֡

ȻûϸʣͻȻһŭȴͷϷ
̫ȼ仰ƺ̼죬һʱ䣬ؼе׹Լؼӿȫ㼯һ𣬺¡һ̫ϯȥߵ壬ʱ춼˲ˡ
ͺ̫еǸܶӵм壬ζ˵
Сģ
ͻȻıѣ嶼û뵽
䣡
һݣһ֣֮նȥ
ʱƺѾ˲ôˣ̫˵ܸϵشƺ⣬ζ̫˵Ǹܡ
صʱչ򼱾粨Ǻƴ˲ͽ峹û

ʯ䣬ҽддһ̫ģһڵ̫ط
УֲУ̫һصڵأһ
һ̫࣬ͬʱļ֣Ҳ׷׻֮һ͸֮ǣĴ̫֮С
Ȼֿ죬һӰָ죬ͣâһһɫĳ͸طֱӶ̫صͷ­ǻԵֱӽ̫صԴһƬ顣
̫
ԶǵӰҲǴΪԾ
ͻȻ֣һӰȻ֮ǰˣ֪̫
Ӧó֮Ϊ̫
Ϊ̫ʮǰѾڿֻһˣ̫塣
һ˲䣬ͻȻʲô
һвʹ˽Щ֮ͽһ죬޻Ὣȫ𣡡
壬ܲ˵ģھʦ㣡
ʱͻȻӶд
̫صѾɼ󣬽ر̫Ǵ­һҲ޷ά̬֮Ӵɢ˵仰¡һӴ׷ֽΪỤ̃Ʈɢ
ݣ
Ũ֮Уʱղһ˶ڿһЮ̫صʶԼ̫ϡ̫ˣʱգû뵽̫Уʧ
ΪҪ뿪嶼޷
ȥɣ
ʱһӵ洫âһػ̫ڿն𣬳建
һһ̣֮ǰսбһеսʿԼҲ˳
ڵѾٺԿҪ׷ϣ˵ͽǳĻվֻһ취ֹı壬һ
꣬·Ըб˱ɡ
š
΢΢˵ͷһ̣Ŀӹ̫壬вɶһ
塪
̫ڵǳһɵĴˣĻҪأϵĴ˻ΣΪﵽ쾳ϵĴǺģصǣ̫ڵ꿴䲻ͺ㣬ʱҪϨ
̫ϣ廹ܵһָϢ
һ쾳ǿӦóֵ״
ʵϣ̫Ѿ̫ǰηǳˡ
ֻһЩƤ˰ˣ
̫嵭ȻһЦ֪Ѿ״̬̬ѣȴ̫⡣
ʵȷʵǿѾֲ̫ˣ֯ô̫꣬صת֮վѧ˼־裬Ȼûа취ֱ̫һ߶쾳ǽȫתƵһĶ쾳ǿڣǿġ
˵̫Ƴһޱ飬ֻڰг̫
һ漴ǰ̫壬仰˵
ϵ
֮ǰ̫ԼŭʱپЩ֣ʱʱȫ׹
̫ЩϹÿһǧ꣬꣬ûһ֮
̫ж֮ǰװף죬¶ºתƵ̫ϣΪԼı塣
жоգѾˡ
Ҷˡ
ˣ֮ǰǰᵽǸǰܣ֪ʲô
ʧ̬ܾòô򵥡
䣬ֻΧȻһ̫΢΢üͷƳһΧսʿܿ˻֣
Ƕ£
ǣ
սʿѸȥ̫Ҳһͬ˿ˡ
ܿ죬̫Ŀһת˶ͼ岻
ء
üʶľҪܾ
Ȼͼɽ˫ΪѣӦñ˴Σ٣ϣûбҪ
İɣȥһơ
û忪ڣǰ̫ͼһڵδ䣬ת뿪
ÿ˶һЩԼܣȻ̫뿪Ȼֻйأ̫֪
ˣ
ȵͼ뿪̫˸ָһ͸ģνˡ
ڿ˵ˣ
̫ݵ
Ҳ֪Ǽ٣ǴķӦҵġ
ûйֱ̫ӿżɽԼ֪һЩϢ˵˳
ɾͨһӦѾ֪
š
˵ͷ
δ֪ͨȥδ֮£˵Ŀ¾Ǵɾ
ԼʱµĴ޵ظһ֮У˵Ϊ𾴡
֯δʱѾǰԤ֪һУҪ֪Щ˵ν˸ֻЦɾԤڵʱ⵽˵ĳЦǺеһжӡ֤㣬ֱʱҲȷӵһЩǲ߱
֮ȥһأʱһ仰룬ɱ֮

Բһ˾Ϣ̫ӦҰģҪŻѳ֯
Ǵ̫Ļƺ顣
ΪʲôҪɱ㣿
֯Ψһ̫ɱ֮ģ룬Ҳֻˡ
ǺǣΪҸʱ̫֪̫ˣ
̫΢΢һ£һɲǣ·ͻȻ뵽ࡣ
ֻһ˲̫ͻع
ɾ֪ͨҲֻʦԪ֮ǰʧʷеһˡɾֻǴ²̳ʹ־
մɾԼ˵кܶණʵģеˣԪ֮ǰݳġ
̫

ԣһдΪ㵡
ֹˣѳּ֮ɾһ棬˵Ǹ˿һ֮ɵˣҼɵĳ̶ȣ»ԶԶҪǵλʥʡڴƾʦ飬Ҳкܴϵ
̫忪ڵ


ڶǧٶʮ ԣ
̫һɫʱǰδеأ
Ϊʲô
ΪǸһԤԣһйصԤԡ
һԪ±ȺܶĶҪƳĶ࣬ľƻÿһִеʱ򣬶ܴÿһζضкܶ˽ҸͶ𷴶ڵĴƵ۹ǵһҲһ
̫ػ
ǸڵһõһЩϢǸʲôرǿĵ۹ǡǡ෴з֮УǷӦǽʼҲûܶľƻ̫Ӱ죬ģֻǸ˶ѡ
Ǹ˶ݴﵽ˼£ͺܶĲͬǸе˶㾡ȫʹҪһ֮ʱֻǸ㵽һУͿĻԼĻ
ûвȡκεĵֿҵһѩɽѩɽɽһªۡȴ졣
ǸһˣҲ˵Ҫֻϧܾˡ
Ǹ˸һصԤԡ
̫˵˴΢΢˶١
ȻûпڣȴԽרעˣ֪̫˵ݣضڣԼĪĹϵ
Ǹ˸켸ԡһδĳһ죬콫һֶ콫޷ؼա
ڶԣи죬ĹΪսĵ£δĳһ챳߳
ԣü΢ɲһ¡
̫忴һĻֻȻһЦ
ڶѾһһӦ֤ûʲô˵ġڵʱļ˿ֻǴ丽ᡣ쵱ʱ緢ʱԲǺ⣬Цʲô취Իⳡֶؼա
ǸʱǸ˵˵Ҳһԡ죬³֮գһ˳֣սһһԪݻٵɵ졣Ǹ˽սߡ
ʹʲôֶΣʹʲô޷ǸˣеֶǸǰʧȥá޷ı䡣
̫

ԣһʱסˡ
Ҳû뵽̫˵ܾȻ
ʵǿޱȣκΪǿҲΪ
ѵɱ
оĵģ̫˵ЩҲС
ںܾ֮ǰһʱ䣬伣ûκ𣬾ͺ˶ѡϢһȻڻ룬ʱЩͺһֻĨһС
Ҫǣҥ޻̸֮ھͲôˡΪ̬ƺӡ֤һжҥԡ
ЩԤлᵽʲôǸԤ˼ɵӦûиĶɣ
һԣĬƬ̣ͻȻڵ
첻ͨˣΪ񣬼Ϊ߰Ϊͨ˵ļ仰֮ı䡣̫˵ǸԤԣէһ˵˺ܶ࣬ʵģɣ̬ȴ䣬ôı仯
ǾͲܹ֪ˣϾֻ֪ȥǸˣѾȥĴɾ
ҵǼᵽһУһǿķĲϷǳ⣬ƺǸд֮ˣһǸǳӣǶʮֱ̫ǿߣҲӲչʾֻһᵽ᲻ɴݣ½شըһҲ˿ˣԼ޷֮ݻ١
̫
ʲô
Ƥһʶʵ
칬
̫ɫ֣أ˵֡
ˣ
֣һþ˵
֮ǰ˾֣û뵽̫칬֣ҿǿķ
ֻһɲǣ֪ΪʲôͻȻָо칬ƺô򵥡
żжᵽֻǺܶ˵˵ˡ
ֻǰλ̫壬ǧͱͻ˵Գݺ͹һָоżϼصν칬пҲǧ˿ƵĹϵ
У̫
첢Ǳ֮ˣľѧǣΨ칬ΪĪӲᡣաǸˡ˵սǸ˳ֵʱ򣬱ס
Ǹ˵ǰʱȣݻıǼԼݻٲ˵ġ칬
̫Ļ
칬
̫أϵ̫񻰴˵ˡ
ԣ˼ڴƾʦʩչľ칬
૵
ǣ
ֱ̫Բ䣺
⣬Ӵ죬ܰ㵱ķٸ˵һ𣿡
ûԥʦ˶ϴȥԼļ䣬Ҹۡһ뿪ʦԣϢԽԽ˵˳
һ棬̫ȻӦͨԼ̽˽⣬Ϊ쾳ǿߣĹ۲͸֪Ȼ̫Щ̽Ӹϸ΢ҲȫһЩ
ûдӦþˡ
ֹˣҶ˽⣬֮˴£ֱɱ㣬ҵңѼȫĩӡǣпܣǻԤеǸˡ켫ĸ߰Ҿηηβ֮Ψ漰ŻԵСġ
һ㣬ұ֪̽һ£ȥŭû뵽ķӦȻ˴󡣡
Ҿ֮ˣ£һֻһЦ֮һβͬո飬ʱ緢֮ʱ£Ķ֡
ӵ죬ǰܸ㣡󣡡
ǿģǸ߸ϵġ֮
ǿ֮ȴΪԭأ۹ȥʱⶼٳ֡
̫Կ϶ǰϣһһЩĶ
ĬȻ˳˼
칬ʲôôƵ
ĬãͻȻڵ
Ҳûа취㣬ʹöĴǳޣܹ鵽Ϸǳ٣Ҳ׽ȥƾʦ֪ʲô𣿡
̫忪ʵ
üͷҡҡͷ
ھʦʱҲ̽ʱ˷ĨкԼйصļ䣬ûʲôر
칬ϣҲﲻʲôԤеǸˣһƵ칬⡭
̫˶٣Ŀӹϵԯʥ΢΢һ£ܿͻع
Ȼɾԯʥ㣬ţҲһܶϢӦⳡΣİ취
лˣ
ԣжЩʧ䣬Ϊܴ̫õ𰸣ڿ֪ڴƾʦʹһֽ칬ǿ֮⣬Ķ̫Ҳˡ


ڶǧٶʮ öĩӡǣ
ѾòȫˣһҾ͵뿪ҲϽ߰ɡܸоɱԶ֮ϣһŹ㡣
̧̫ͷһգͷϷĺɫѷ죬Լڼٱռ䣬ипѡ
ռ仨һѪΪ˲ʮͬ󣬾ͻǧʱ䣬һжȥжٶЩˡ
Ѿòˣٱ֮ǰһ͸ɣ͵ҶԸĳ͡
̫˵ţһ̽һȦ貵ʱ֮һȦͬˮ㷺
̫ûУܿʹȡöںɫ·ɽһĶĳ֣ɶصĹ򲨶գҲıɫ
һɲǣоڵԭӡǷǿҵ𶯺͹
ĩӡǣ
͵زһ£˳
Ȼûмĩӡǣ廹֪öӡǾ켳Ҫ̫еõĶ
⡪
Ŀǰ̫壬ȻҲҪ̫еõĩӡǣپ֣Ҳû뵽̫廹û˵ôˬĸԼ
ǺǣҪôȣҵʱĩӡǣҲռȫ֮Ʒ㣬ѾҪȥЩˣȻǵԲͬţĻһ֣
̫˵һѺʹݣͷ·жǧصһ
öĩӡͬҲвҪǣڵʵѾ߱ĩӡǵˡ
ռѾ˺ѣʮͬҲڣûʲô赲졣
лǰ
ĬƬ̣ҲûŤֱӴ̫нӹöĩӡǡ
ϸһۣöĩӡǺʥʸԭӡϢȻͬһ͸Żҵһһָζ
Ҳ֪ЩĩӡǴʲôöĩӡǣٴеĿѾɡ
ûöĩӡǣ޷ƿӡߵЩҲ޷ڶʱһ
һ̣ظ
¼ϼĩӡǣʱռռȫ߿ĩӡǽرҽ⿪ĩպƽܵһ֡
Ԥϣʱ֮ʯͻȻԺͬһʱ䣬еĩӡǶȻ΢΢̣գ֮䣬һεӵ˫֡
ĩӡԭǿԭӡ˲ʧû뵽֮ʯС
ⷬͻ嶼һʱסˡ
ǵò֮ǰ֮ʯͷԴս֮󣬾Ͳٷκε
߿ĩӡǡ⵽ô£
дΪ㵣ˣ֪֮ʯͻȻʱ򷢲񣬱ضԭ
֮ʯִٵ⵽ô£νĽָʲô
κ鶼ԭίҲֻ֪ҪִٵͿԴ֮ʯõܶǰõĴ𰸡
־йءռȫ߿ĩӡǣпܴ־ĶԻͨ
һĬ֮ڴ֮ʯõҪĴ𰸡
֮ǰǰϤִ𰸣ǰܷ飬Ҳִٵ
֮ʯĴȻеȲѡ
־
УѾ֪ٴܵ־Ĺˣ֮Ҳеһ֣˵־ڰ»ɽ顣
Ҳû뵽߿ĩӡ־йء
ܹ򿪶Իͨ˵ܹ־ܵԼ⣬־Լᡣ
ˣ廹Ǻܿ侲ûô򵥣Կ϶߿ĩӡС
ҪжȡĩӡǣѶȲԶ
ЩͷԺзӶܿعƽϢĿ䵽ǰ̫ϡ
뿪ǰȥ
忪ʵ
Ҳ֪ܻȥʱյһƧĵطһСԪȻ
̫ȻһЦͷƳһ̫
һδսҵ˷ǳҪܳһʱ䣬пܵĻһϣܹԼԭָ
˵ͷûж˵
˸־ȻҲϣδսܹõ̫İǴǰٶʱǲˡ
лǰ
ռıڼ٣кһͼ׼뿪һˣ̫ͬʼټеսʿ׼뿪
ԵԵɢȻһֻ̫ͬصĽ˵ף̫ҲֻƼˮ֮˫֮Ҳû̫Ľ飬սȻҲ÷ֱ
һ£
վʱյͨڣͬͼһ׼뿪ʱͻȻ֮䣬̫һȺսʿס塣
֮ǰһɡҿ̥Ȼ츳վûпȫٻ߷ûȫﵽ쾳
̫ԪһݣұҲһݰɡ
ʮɵľ룬̫ͻȻһָֻһɵĻ⣬ɢǿҵĶ쾳ָ̫һû巴ӦͽɵĹ⻪뵽ڡ
һУ̫ڶȻһҫ۵Ĺ⻪һɫʱ֮˲佫еսʿʱգȻԽͷ޴ĺɫѷ죬ûУʧ
лңҲΪԼ
죬㲻ҪɱҾ԰һǿĶ֣Ԥе˰ЩȲˣ
ؼص̫ڶսʿ̫ʧӰ١
̫Ź⻪ֳһʶ̽һ£Ҳ΢΢ɫ
̫Ķģ
ͼ֪ʱ˹Ź⻪̽ŵ
˵ͷҲ΢΢ɫ
̫̫˶еһ֣⻹̫ȫ䣬Լ籩ⰵ̫Ĺӣ

̫弸ԼеĶ壬ȻĽֻһֵĶƬǶڵ˵ȴҪġ
ļ̥ںܾ֮ǰѾﵽ˰벽۷壬ֻһžͿԳͻƣǱӳ̫̫鶴Ƭеȫ㡣
̫ٱǰⷬжôأҲͿ֪
Ȼ̫ôҲԼ˽ģЩѾҪˡ
߰ɣ
忪ڵһ̫ȥķ򣬱ͼһΪһ⣬û뵽֮ͨУиҪҪ

Ǻ«Ǻ«
ƾʦ֮УڣһСŲǺ«ĽոѰӣ̵̺джһ䣬Լһ˶ľʦա
ټľʦۼ˿ڣûʲô
Ǻ«С߹ȥ󲻾ãûע⵽ֱߵĲ¥һһʿƮƮ˳
ȻǴͻʴԭͼ


ڶǧʮ 볼
ѾĨڵĺۼʦѾǲ⣬ǴƸû˶ˡ
ͼһʿ磬ĿɨΧ͸һ˿ǡ
ڵľʦƽ糣ƽ£صȴ˲Σ
ôƹսȻôĨˣֱ˼飬ˡ
˲ǣѼ鱨ӰʼӾʦ䵽ľݸأݸϵİƺλĴڡ
ЩҪ
һƽ
𣿡
ͼԣüͷĽǶȣʵ⣬ĵ۹سĨй󣬾Ȼƽ
Ǹֵļһ
ͼаȴû˵
һ飬оϢ𣿡
忪ڵ
˵£ͼʱҲɫ֣üͷ΢壬ϸĸգͼв׽һ˿Ϣ
ѾǵˣоǵټϢͻһУ̫ص٣̫Ϻ̫ҲʵˣǶʱӦûôָ
ͼ
Ӧþھʦ
칬ھʦ첻뿪ҲǡǡֵĵطǱ뾩ʦмգ֯ǱûκηӦͼʱҲ෽ȫ֪ǵĴڡ
û˵ֻ΢΢üͷ
ͻ֮н˫֮һ΢ƽ⡣̫Ǿɱ죬ҲҪ̵һʱ䡣ǱߣȻ̫ϡ̫ͬԳʶԶԶ޷ﵽ̫صĵزһɺܴ˺
ÿ˶̫һǾĴڣ޹ؽҪ
ʧȥһ߷Ҳֻĸ쾳ǿߵʵǲɶԿĵز
ΪؼϵĴڣбȻİ֮ǰ˲
ˣ
ʱ仺ȥƬ̣ͻȻͷա
¡һ̣һݣĳ
壬㡪
һĻͼһٶڽԼ¶ҰУȻϸ룬ͼһݣҲٿʱ֮Ծ֮С

߿֮УХһ̣Ӱһ⴦߿ֳ֮
ʵ磡
ִ֮
йâһһ̣һεĹΪģɢʦֹˣͬһʱ䣬ǰ罭纣ľҲɢȥӵء
ô
֪˶ãһƬĬ֮УͼͻȻǰʵ
һЩĶһЩͶ쾳޹أȴʮصЩû˵ͼѾо˳
ûУȫҲ칬ĺۼ
ҡҡͷüͷԽˡ
ܶʵִٵȴȫҲ칬ڵļ
Ȼˣȴڴƾʦ֮һӡո£Ըо˵ж˴ͺͳٻԼȴûκεķ˵칬ûеԼо
ǱϽ뿪ǺܿѾע⵽ǣʱ̫ðա
ͼļ򣬿ڵ͸һЩġ
ʦ֮бѾǵĵ̣Ҫǣ¡
һƽ˵ⷬʱԺ˵һκ
һλױǱҸۡҲΪأͱ̫Ƿˡ£ǱȻģ֣żȻ
Ŀǰͷǣȴûκжֻ˵ĿǰиҪȥĹ˼ɣʱ޷֡
۴ĸʲô¶κεӰ죬Ҳʱ

ͼɫһ㵣ܵҪ˵ʲôȴԼ仰˵
˵ģǵй¶Ȼ֮ǰûж֣Ҳһᶯ֡ûбֵĻǾζһ˼飬ǿھʦж
ˣ뿪ȥˣһͺϡ
˵ţеԯʥ˹ȥͼ
ԯʥѾעҵǿһ棬ӦÿԸһԱ֮ʥϢһ£Ҿͻϵ
š
ͼϽӹԯʥû˵ʱҪȥ˭ͼҲûϸʣҶ쾳ǿ߿Բٿʱ֮Ҳûô
ĿҪ㣬Сģ
ͼһΣܿʧ
գһ·Ŀܿ˱Ĵƻʹ
ಣ
âһһӰܿʧ

ҹʦҲ˼žĽֵһƬտΨдƵĻʹ֮ǵƻԻ͡
ʹ鷿ڣһӰۣǰһյյ⣬ۡ
ʱѾʱ̣󲿷˶Ѿ˯Ӱȴרע֪׵˺ţӰϵĴƻʵۣ»ࡣ
ܵλԺգϸȥǻ۵£ȴһɬ
͵ǻ֮ǰȣԽݺƣˡ

֪˶ãڷʣһ̾Ϣ
֮ϣһ糣֪ΪʲôпյģǸоʲô

ʱһԽ𣬺ܿ죬һСŵ
£ҹŷǱһӸ
ԣüͷʶҪܾתһ룬ָı⡣
ЩŮ̫ҲһƬ⣬ֺοΪǡ
ɡ
һڵ
֨ѽ
ƿһϤСŵͷ˫һ̣ϣһʲʢŵӸ
СӸϹϾ˽ҳ
ϡ
һҲûϸ׼СŷҹţȻ뿪
Щҹţʵ󲿷ᶯʲôӣ˳ȥȻʲôӡ
˵ݴЩ޹ء
ʱĿɨ⣬ӹһŷġͻȻĿⶸһ¡
Ȼֻһ˲ͻָ糣Ϊǻþ
ȥɣ
ֻǰ˰֣Ŀȴϣ
Ҫ㡣
ⷬͻ˵СųһſҲ΢¶һ˿Ծɫ
΢ּ
ֳָܿͷ
¡
Źϣ鷿ڸһƬžֻϵӸð˿˿
֪¡
رᣬֻһ˫˲ɣнҲû˿Ļţֻǹһ񣬾׼ѯҪʵ顣
ȻĻû˵꣬ͱˡ
𣿣


ڶǧʮһ ûǵ
߲ͣĶߣɲǼȴ·һըһ͵̧ͷ
ֻǰԶһ˫Ŀ絶ƽѩޱȣĶԼ
ϼƽ촽½й¶еļ
£㡭
忴ǰ࣬жʱɲ
һ֮ʵźճ콫Ĩȥ˶Ĵڡ
֮ǰ͵͵ȥ̽һͬǰӺӥܵ칬Ӱ죬Ѿǻã뿪֮еѹеһϡ
һǱαװβСţӰļ䣬һ·ִ鷿ֻҪԶԶĿһ࣬һĬĬ뿪
Ͼ˶Ѿ־֮Ѿûκ塣
Ȼû뵽ȻǵԼ
ƻʹǾʦģӦܵ칬ӰصĵطǿྐྵȻûܵ˿Ӱ졣
Źֻ࣬˵ĳʧ󣬵ôܡ
㣬㣡
ǰ壬ϲԽ
Ҿ֪ûмǴȻ䶼Ϊ޴ˣûһжǼٵģһֱţһжġ
ʱ䣬оرƣһж˵ȻΡ
ǲһ죬ֻǵԼѣӴ֮ͻȻֵֺĸо·ʲôط˱仯һЩʵ
ǵãܿСٴӣⳡ»Լնġ
˾һ˾Ĵ󳼣Ȼϣ˵塱ֵʱ򣬴ϵ񲿴һãȻ˭˵ûˣֻǷȥѰҴˡ
ԣʱȻŭΪԱϷŪԼٵĻ£ǳӣ˵ʦѣ
൱񲿹ԱְλȻѯʴ½չȻԤϣͬ˵ûˣҲʶ
൱ʱ;סˡ
񲿡̲Աôƭ൱Ͳ⡣
侲µĺպսһ֮֮ս֮սʳ֮ս֮սµս˸񣬹˿Ա⡣
Ȼ˵һУ˶һƬãȻ̫͵ѻȸžȻûκһ˼ǵصκһ顣
൱ʱһֻޱȵĸо

һ꣬˵廹͵ˣɳĹУҲһΣκ˶п壬ܡ
ֻû뵽ȻҲȫĴڡ
ȻǼ˼һ£ҡҡͷһ̣Ÿоǰδеĳ𺳡
Ϣ೹״סˡ
ȥҵظʦϲûҸۡҲûĴبһҺСһҶʧ١
Ѿ˼ǲǵҵ£Ǵڵĸڡ
νңֻǴԺĻ롣
ҰһƬǣ̫ʦ̫Ǳ߻ٽҽ飬ͺ֢һ㡣
һֱ̣ĸоǲԼļ˴
Ͼһ϶֮Ҳʥնļ̳ˣܿͲ̸£ͺֻһʱЦѡ
˽£¡
Ȼ綼ڻԼ໹Щ֮ܿͷһЩߡ
һУֻξЩϸ̫ˣӦüǵܶ޹ؽҪճϸڶǵ
Ҫǣ˿Ե壬ǲĨ鼮Щļء
µЩպս˸񣬶ʷ鼮أоݿɲ飬һ棬ݣļãֻҪЩص鼮ҵ塱ԼµĺպչͣһȻͲơ
û뵽ȥ̽鼮ʱȴм¼۸ˣе伮УصĶһнȻͬʷ
ͼΣӢ䣬ɨ˻ϣʥʵʱѾֳֻ̬֮´ʳ͸߾̬Ϊһͳ£Ⱥܴʳ߾ΪԼĵҵŨīزʵһʡ
ʤʱأҼ伮С۹սԴηưͼγһͳ۹
Щʷϣе𺳣û˿ӡ󣬵ʷȴص
ţʲôŻôֱʣĨ˵ļ䣬Ȼ鼮еļҲһ۸ġ
Ǹʱףʲô򵥡
ཫĵףÿȥ糯ȥۣͺʲôûзһ֪һЩ鲻һˡ
ֻû뵽ʱ򿴵塣
̫ˣҾ֪һġ
ļԱ
ʱҲһƬϲãôھʦл˼ǵ˻Ǵӡ
һжǸ֯ģȥҲֻˡ
һɺѺͻȻڵĳ֣Ժг𣬸ļҲ֮ѡ
š
˵ͷǰûԽе˵˳
֣Ҳ𺳲ѣ
ԭһΪĵˣĻһжԽˡ
֣ܷʲôûʲôġ
м飬ҷǳ֣ʦ칬Ӱ췶ΧУҲ鿴е³ˣܵ칬Ӱ죬ȫҵĴڣΪʲôΨȴûʧȥ䣬Ȼкصļ䡣
ĬƬ̣ͻȻڵ
⡭Ҳ֪ʵҲ֪ʲô˵칬ûӰޡ
Ȼ鷢ϣԼͲˡ
鷿ﾲĵģͷ˳˼
书ߣȻѪΪӣ̫ͬʱҲʥ־ţעû̫߳ɾͣ⾩ʦԼʹлкܶΪǿĸ֣Щʵǿ߶Ĩȥ˼䣬ûеʵ෴Ӱ졣
⾩Ҳʣûʲôģֵ͸ʵżȻ¼ܷκϣȴΪǡ÷λ֮𣬴ӵϡ
£ʱʳܸ𣿡
˼Ƭ̣ڿڵȥҲֻܴЩˡ
һָоܹŪϷı仯˵ܹҵԿ칬Ӱİ취ʦԼĸˣӰ졣
ʳǽɣרŵ˼أϽ󳼴̽ȴûʲô˼ɣʱľϸϸ˵˳
ʵҲ֪ΪʲôôˣΨԼӰ졣ߣҲϣܽ˰壬ҵԸķ


ڶǧʮ 
üͷʱøˡ
еʳճõĶû̫仯ֹҲǳйɣҲܺʹصĶ
˵
̧ͷĿϡȥҲԭĻǾֻԼˡ
£ˡ
һͻȻһû뵽ڣͬһʱ䣬йâһ˲ʵִٵ
һ̣ǰһ֮仯е״˲һ࣬ȫС
ֻɨһۣüͷ
ΪȷʵߣΪû㹻ʱԭൽڵΪҲֻʥ侳ľҲǺǿ
߶Ա칬Ӱ졣
Ҫǣûзκη
ʵ״̬£زˡ
⵽ô£
ɻѡ
̽鵽˴ƻʵݵ⣬࿴ûκ֮ʹܹܡ칬Ӱ죬Լļ䡣
ƻʵۣ
ˣ
жһʯ䣬Ժһ˲ʲô
ûĲͬĻʵݣ
嶸̧ͷĿһϹ⣬ٴοֻ࣬һοĺ֮ǰȻͬ
䣡
ضҡ忴ʱһǿųɽ強ѹͬһʱ䣬𣬾춯ء
У鷿һɱצ࿴㲵
ǹޱȡ
̧ʱҲֻ޴һβû£ͷ򴩹鷿ĵֱû֮С
ֹˣлĽǶȣԸоصĵ˷޾ĵЩ۶һķʽܡ
ָо½췭ظޱȣ
Լûвǵһ顪
࣡
λĴ֮
һɲǣдΪ֮ݡ
໹ᣬ̳еλʱҲϵȴûа˿۵ζޱȣͺһλ̳дͳʮĵһ㡣
ʥʵ
ͻȻ֮ʲô
ʥʴûиʲôǿĻ߶ɸǿµŲӴ
Լӳָ࣬ⳡʦ֮Уܡ칬Ӱ죬ɱŶԭ
ôˣ
鷿Ŀգһ£ع
ĬƬ̣û˵ʲôһֱӺ๲ԼҰ
ӴƺҲʲôĬţþ˵
һУΪʣΪԭ򣬶𣿡

Ȼֿƣ͸һ˿Щ˸С
ɽ
֪УʥԼķʽ
˵ͷҲ겻ѡ
Կ칬
ΪعӦûֹˡ
ĿǰܹӵҲֻѡ
һʱ֮䣬Ҳû뵽ȥԸ칬졣
£ǵעⶼϣʱע㣬¾ͺǰһװʲôûзҲҪȥˣǵľ
Ƭ̣ڵ
ܹ칬Ӱ죬춼û뵽Сڳڵڻʹȫġ
칬ҲõģһжΣһ취ġ
ţ
û˵ʲô壬ʲôʱмȵΡ
ܶʥʣǸĵˡ족
ûоκˣֻƷһʶܿ뿪ˡ
뿪ʹҹĻ峤һ
ֻҪలȫٶʱڲ̫ĶµģֻҪҵ칬
˷һݣܿ뿪˾ʦ
ˣ
մӾʦ뿪һĸод
΢΢һʱɫǹɲԴڹӳҸۡϵķӡ
ϸ룬Ѹٴ򿪹ͬʱһݣûС
ֻ͵˹ռУҸۡĵط
һεҸۡȴһƬš
һѸٴϣҸۡڣֻǿһۣȻɫ
֮ǰȣҸۡڣūˣϢԽ΢Ƕֳɢݵļ
һЩѾߺ˵һ˿ɫѪҺ
ĸף
һۡĸԣ鷿ĸȻһ̺彻̸ʱ龰̬ƽֻͣɫ΢΢԰ףͬĺѪ
ĸף
һжʱһƬ
˵¼ֲ̫ˣ
ʱһӶߴ֪ʲôʱͼҲУ
ҲͼȨޣɵĽ
ͼҲǸо˹е쳣ŸϹġ
ʱ䲻ˣǱ취ƽ칬
һ仰ͼԵ塣

գ۱ȥУĸ˺˵ԽԽأȻ̫صȴʼչӰ
ʱ䣬峢зҲʼղ鲻칬ڣʦôĵ̣漰ˣ칬Ĩ˵ļ䣬һڸһӰ쵽ݸء
֮ķΧе״̬£칬ıһСӦú׾ܷ֣ͺ̧ͷȻܿһ
Ϊֹ˵һ˿˿ѰҲԲϳ

Хҹ˾֮ʱھʦһ߸ߵľ¥ݶϣϥһ
λÿȥֺܿĴƻʹܹߵóΪͨ£Ѹͷ棬һ
ԭҸۡеҲԭⲻ˹ӥˣƺҲôЩСֱӽǱ˹СͷĿ
һãȻÿڸۡĿĵ߶ԼҲ֪Լøʲô
ĽǴߣջǰסˡ
֮ڱһ΢ƽ⣬̫ߣԾӣЩС
岻Ҳע⵽һжӥǷΣա
ʱ䲻ˡ
ĸס
͸һ˿ŨŨǡ
˻
һܿͻعٴ˳˼С
죬һֱϥ˼ǰƾ֮ߡ
֮пʼеĵεΣͻ֮УǴν֣ԼʥЩйصϣһɲǣȫԺзӶ
һֱһּ侲ķʽеϢͼɸѡκһõ˿
Ѿ㾡ȫǵĿǰΪֹ칬ûκνչ
ģһҵ


ڶǧʮ ɾĽң
Ժд˷ɱ侲ûʧȥִ硣
һΣ彫Ժеϸڶһ顣
ˣ
Ŀ⣬ӹϵԯʥͻȻ֮䣬һ˲סˡ
Ȼɾԯʥ㣬ţҲһܶϢӦⳡΣİ취
ڤڤУ̫ȥ֮ǰ˵ǷͻȻԺ
̫˵ⷬʱ岢û⣬һɲǣȴͻȻһЩ¡
ɾǰֻǸһЩԤԣʴ칬¼ûᵽĽ취ȴǵãڽһ֮󣬴ɾһңһΣⰵ֮ʱȥ򿪡
ǹⰵһ𣿡
һ˫ü
岻֪㲻ɾ˵Ĺⰵ֮ʱĸѾȲˣ칬ֹĨȥ˺Լصļ䣬Ĩ˵꣬ϣѾֺܶĿ͵ȺԼȴ֪
ٲֹ¾ûʲôⰵ֮ʱˡ
ңʵһǿ󣬵ȵ޲ȫ顱ٴһʱ򣬿Լδؾͻ֮һ׻ˡ
ˣ
һ̣һܿȡɾǰԼǸҡ
ֻаƴСΪ滹һƽɫ
ȡҵһ̣һ۾ͿǸɫͼһж͵ڴɸʱһģһ
ɢһĲ滹˴ɾµһӡ壬״£Ҳԡ
ȻĻڵΪҲ
ԴӵõҿʼһֱӴɾû׶
ֻǴʱ˿̣ңǿҵĳ嶯
һָоɾܹԤ⵽һε칬¼ҲһԤ⵽ڵĴȻԴɾľ硢ʵһܹΣһĳЩ
ҪǣɾһǧǰԤ⵽Լڵص׵Ĵ޶֮У˵Լ˿ҪĽҶԤ֮С
Լڴ򿪽˵ǶԵġ
ʯ䣬Щͷһ㣬ٵĴԺзӶֻһ˲Ͷס
벻ǣ֪ܿ𰸡
ͣ
һ飬˽ϵ߷⣬ϸŵдʱҲֱǿҵĺ档
ɾųŲߣڽµĶ֮ǰ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ˣ
ŽҷڵĳɾڽڵҲ֮򿪡
Ȼ˵ʱʱ죬û峹״򿪽ңĶʱһ̣һָϸĽɫͻȻӽƿնš
ɢпٱ任Ϊһ֡
⡪
ǰֵһ֣һ仰˵
ԭ²ɾڽڵֽĳֶٺǰĴأֻΨûϵɾԼľȻ
йһ١
ڳǵ任ֻŸ֡
ŸС׭ڿлתɢ͸һ˿ζ
ˣ
ǵֻƬ̣㻯Ϊһûü֮Уһ·˳ž£׹뵤Ϊһڵһ
ԡڲǴɾ˵Ĺⰵ֮ʱǰ𣿡
Ȼʧ
ӴɾµǵȻɾԤϵ򿪽ңһ١˵ľ
죬һɲ䣬Ȼ岻Ҳ֪й¶ĵ
ţԣ
ͻȻĿһעܿеǸС
֮󣬴ӴɾµּӦǿյģжˣȴоڻʲô
û˿ԥܿ˽ҡ
ڽڵĵײһɫԾС
ǡ
ɫĿɻѣᣬԼֻĿˣҲоκӦòǷصĶ
ʶ𲼰ڱǶһ¡
Ҷ
һĲ˼顣
͸ɫβᵽһɵ㣬ĳֲҶеζ
ҲǴ壬ƽʱкȵҲǸֶҶõĹ趼СǰɫβеĲҶӴκһֲҶĹϡ
ɾڵص˯ǧ꣬ڽڵľܿǼʱǰĹŲ衣
ɾ⵽ʲô˼
ŲһƬƬҶֻء
Ѿþϸ̽ûзκ쳣۴һ濴ɾڽڵֻһͨĲҶ
⵽ǿ⻹żȻ
ʵ벻ͨͨһҶٵкι
Կɣ
˼ãʼղҪ졣
ҶҪݲ裬ɾµҶӵĳЩ徻ֻá
ಣ
âһ˲ʧٳʱѾһڵķˮм豭̡
ϴ裬ˣȻ󽫷ˮע豭һƬƬεĲҶһ²ʹ˳Ρ
ҹɫžݶüͷ壬ܿӲжһ衣ţһڣҶɬҲһָʿζ˵ĿڸкƷλȫͬڸҲôá
۴һ濴Ҷûκֿ֮ζֻʺϹˡ
Ĳ裡
üͷʱһϵУû巴ӦƮһֻݵͻȻҰУֱȡһ衣
дΪ⣬̧ͷȴǰһλݵĻߣֹʱݶȡһ󣬽豭յǶˣһڲ㣬Ȼ΢΢۾һܵɫ
㣡û뵽ôˣŵϤĲ㡣
Թ˵ţͺǰ岢һ
дΪ죬ϸǰߣϢϲûкǿҵϢٲһʼľǿߣƫƫΪûзǺʱݶġ
ҹɫţ֮ǰ鿴⸽ûһӰƾճֵĻߣôܹ졣
Ҫǣ߿ʵߣڶ쾳ΪȻȫ޷̽ڵľ
˵ĸоǳް׽ͺĳһ
ɣ
ǳɣ
ǰϲҶǰȫȥ
ͷתûѯʣµİҶƵǰ
ȻߵķӦȴԤϵĽȻͬ
жŲ裬΢ͷһܵӣʼȴһڵ˼ûС
ҵͳǰŲʱҲ˿ΪƺȫԼУĿҲʼգƳûƳһۡ
ĩʱŵ㣬Ѿûʲôźˡ
һڲ㣬̾һ
û巴Ӧһ紵飬еǱֻصǰĲ̡
еĲˮδȴʧȥӰ


ڶǧʮ ꣿصĻ
һ²豭Ĵݶվ
һɷͬСɣӻֵ߳һͷϣûһ˿ɣ֮ǰֵ߳ʱûǰ֣˵Ǵ⣬Σ׼£ʵĻ߻ƾմƤʧֱš
쾳ûһ㡣
ҪȻǻʹʲôַ

Ŀһܿ췢һ˿ߣھԼĵطһӰҹɫµ£Ѹһζ
ʱ伫̣ΪǴȴȷϣɡ
Ӱȥ٣Ҳ֪ʲôˣôɾĲҶݲ֮ʱΨһֵӰ
ҶԷԲƷλͽ˽ȻͬĿǰΪɣΨһ

һչЩͰҶȫɨУȻѸݼʧķ򣬼׷
ÿ죡
Ƭ̣ʱ΢΢ɫ
ԭΪԼԺ׵׷ٵԷʵϣԷӰƮʱʱޣٶȾȻÿζֻβͣģӰ
ԷּǿҲͰˣƫƫϸо̫ǿҵ
⾩ʦ֮УȻϵˣԵԽԽˡ
ԷƮƺûضĿģȸ֡ʯ̦֡֡ǵӰת˴뾩ʦ
ǻҲһֱͣĽͷʱһٷʱͿ˳һһ˵ݼϣһ˶ïʢĻϣֻһ̼ھʦðլԺУĬĬĶլԺһƬƽĺ棬һƺ廳ʲôֻĶ
ʲô
ԽԽɣ˵жԽԽŹֺˡ
֮ǰݶһ裬˵ľʦ֮Уע⵽
ͣʲôطͣʱ䶼̣ܶϣ׷֮󲻾ãʧ
ˣ
˼ʱͻֻ֮䣬ٴʧǺǰ漸βͬλ߳ʧˣͺһʧһȫûκεĺۼѰ
ã
һɷͬСɣϸ룬ӰѸԾͬһʱ䣬˲¶ټӴľҲɢ
һΣΧտҲ
Բǧ֮ڣһӰ
ô
彫һգѸԾ߿֮УϣܹӸ£ӸߴֶԷټ
Ȼҹɫ͸ʦ㾲۴αȵ¥鲼Ұϣ£լԺСȫߵӰ
һʧˣ
ڼˡ
ʧɾͳ׵Ķˡ
䣡
˲ôֱ࣬Ӳٿʱ֮һȦȦʱ֮ΪģķֹˣֱӶ׷ٶԷķʽ
ʵ磡
֮ʯȨޣִ٣
Хڸ߿գһо۵ס
ڣƬ֮֮ʯ£ٴβ׽ߵ٣

ڴƾʦʹıԵٴβ׽ǹϤϢֻеһƻɫϢҺܿʧȷԷʧɡ
ܿ죬üͷ
ô£ȥ˻ʹ
ʵҰ״̬£ڻʹĽϣĲ׽˶ԷټȻһ˸֮˱Խʹ߸ߵĹǽʧ档
ֵ߳ʱһֱҪŪֻû뵽ڰԼ֮󣬶ԷȻʧ˴ƻʹ⴦ȫرɭϵĵط
ǻʳǵĽǳѲأֻǸʼգ֮⣬ûκһ˷˻ʹ
ڳСҰôҲû뵽ԷȻڻʹ֮С
ΪԺյس徭ʹ֮ǰ֮ҵʱҲǱ빬У˵İ
һʹǰʥأԼڶʵǿԼʹ˵ʹ̲֮ɭϣ뵽ҪڹС
һʱ䣬崣ڸ߿֮УҲסˡ
ѵǻҹ
΢۾ԺһͷܿͱˣҲ˵ʹĹûôߵΪǻҹĻһضƣòŷԽǽ
֯𣿡
ʶģ뵽һܡ
ڵľʦѾǰһˣʥʴʦʹҲȫ뵽ƿ֮У˽£ʵѾ֯ĵ̡
ϴ͸ŹŹ֣֯ģôһж˵ͨˡ
ֻǺܿ죬ҡҡͷ
ھУھͻ֮ˣܻ֯˻ʱ˽Ҫǣ˸ĸо֯Ȼͬ
һֱ
߾֯ˣ
һ߾ԵԽĹˡ
ʵ벻֯Լһ֮⣬⾩ʦķ֮أʲôģͬǿĵһܺʹɾԤֹء
ԽԽ档
ߣ
ܿѹͷһѸٴ£߸ߵĴƹǽͬ˻ʹ֮С
ʹ֮һƬž׵Ľǽͷͬܵ칬Ӱ죬µģʹ֮ǽ䱸ɭϡ
һӿ£ܿһǽͷϡ
ǽڣѲ֪ȥ򣬲嶯ִٵǴзһ˿˿켣
һϸ˿ĻɫڿƮѸٵ˥䣬Ծ˵ٶʧ
ǲϢΪָ˻ߵȥ

һ׷ѰſеĲӰһ·ȥ
ԼƬ֮󣬾ڻʹ࣬ǻߵϢ׵ʧˣҲ֪ˡ
ǡ꣡
ǰĽסˡ
ǰģһ߸߰ܯУȻһ޴ʯԼһ޴ޡ
꣡
ƣ˶֪ǴƵ̫£ͬʱҲ̫ڱݵĸףƵĿʵۡ
Ȼ̫ݱ̫ڻʹʹоߵĵطԹƾ˼
껹һطֹ̫֮ͬʱҲǰĵ۵ĹڣǰҲԼսдĻʵۡ
ǰ̫ʵʱˮߣһˣԬʦ˵Ѩ֮أڣ֮ء
ԲŻᱻ
ֻϾطޣ֮󣬱ɲ̫ࡣ
ȻҲף˵ҪǰǨ̫ڻʵ۱ϾʴȣΪ棬»ʵǻӦˣЧ£ʧ͡
Ծѡһꡣ
֮У̫һˣ֮㱻̫ʵΪأϽκιŮ̫࣬ӵܽ롣
֮㳹׵ó˽أ̸۵˶ûˡ


ڶǧʮ ʯţ
ôû뵽صĻʧĵطȻ
Ƭ̣̤ܿ˰ܯϷȥ
ҽأϽ룡
һ·ȥڰܯĶ忴˼֣ѪĿġ
ĬƬ̣ܿǿʯ
ڲʦҶΣ֮У취ⳡΣ¾궼޷⡣
ˣ
һһӴľѸٱŷɢꡣ
һƬ䣬յģ͸һɺ⣬ͺһ㡣
ܿ죬˷֡

һ˲һԣڿǽĵط忴һϤӰɫۣͷصĻߡ
ֻ˫գбǽڣͺ˯ȥһ
⡪
ǰĻߣҲɴסˡ
һ·٣˾ţ֮ǿüζֻǵҲûϵȻ׾ҵߡ
ֻǲ֪ΪʲôΪֵףܸоֵֹģƺЩ̫һ
Ϣ
ڤڤУһӹԺʱʲô
֮ǰĻߣȻҲоֻصǿһֻް޵Ϣ
ȻǰĻߣȻòһģһǸ˵ĸоȴ·һˡ
򵥵˵ǹϢʧˡ

ڳ˼ʱһУǽǴ˯ȥĻһ£ͺγѰ㣬۾
ǰ壬һãȻͺδһ
⡭ô
һ壬ͺûпһƹ壬һطȥ
վþ˵
ѵʱһֱĶţûзŹκһϸ΢ıͶȴʧˡ
Ȼ˼飬Ӧýֻһճɨˡ
ȷȷʵʵʶԼ
⵽ô£
建̧ͷҹɫһ˫üýġ
ûȥ׷ߣҲûбҪΪǸԼĿꡣ
𣿡
Ժд˷˲Ϣͷ
ռݱΪߵһ㶼İ
֮ǰͻ֮Уʩչ̫صķǲ֪٣Ҳᣬ嵱ȻҲᣬ޷ǾͨռݶԷʶ
ֻԷʹõķʽĿǰ֪κһַʽȻַͬûκκۼҲûжΪĻκ˺
ɶԷʲôˣΪʲôѡˣ
УԷĿĵʲô
Էھʦ˲֪꣬ΪʲôԼôɾµǰҶһ裬ܰ
ҴҹģԷй䣬ĵصҲͨͨĿģԷΪʲôô
ֻǰء
ôһȷϣǾǽҹһоżȻͻȻֵˣǸҪ
ǰꡭԷѡʧضԵɣֻҪҵеĹȻܹѰҵеĴ𰸡
뵽ĿٴαüᶨֻҪȷĹؼص꣬ôֻҪҵǸˡˡ
ľٴαŷ糱ˮ㸲꣬ͼѰҳĲ֮
ȻյģʲôûУ岢û٣ĿɨƬ򣬺ܿͱеһ
һʮҵʯ
ޣӵͷʯ񣬺ΪĹ޻Ĺ޵Ĵڡ
ʯϣ̦޺־˪ĸокܳͷˡ
忴ȥҲֻεĵΪ⣬ҪǣʯиܵһɵµĻްϢ
ϤϢ
ǹϢ緢˿ʧĺܿ죬ɲǵʱ䶼㳹ˣΪǻþǶ˵ȴǼΪҪϢ
ѵ
첽˹ȥǰִͣʯ˿û̫رĵط
ڻʹ֮Уε̵Уʵˡ
ˣ
һܿ췢һ뵽̽顣
֣ûʲôرġ
üͷ̽˼顣
һĹޣһʯڲʱͻȻһĸӦд
ֺӦǳ΢׺΢һ㣬ǣ΢һ㣬ȻɢһʱղһǷǳʱ֮
ৣ
һ̣û˿ԥһһӴʱ֮糱ˮһ㣬ӿ֮УβӦС
䣡
ֻƬ̣΢Сһ㣬·ֵըҩұըͬһʱ䣬һӴѹӴͻȻĸ֪֮С
뿪ﲻĵط
ɲǣʱնڲ·ضԼǹ
Ƕ쾳۷Ķǿߣµһֶ֣Ȼ嶼оӴѹֱ˼顣
ǰ°ݼ
侪ңܿʯǰһͬʱԼ˹ȥ
룡
Ȼ˵ĻӦȴģ˿顣
ȻȴûзԷʵԼĻҪ£㲻죬Ҳ̫Զ
ǿսȻˣҲһҪ취Լһ࣬ǾǼǿ
ҪǣȻ䣬ǧ֮⣬ԷٻӦԼ˵һллġ
ǰѵ˵涼𣿴ɾ´˵ǰһ£

ⷬȴթʯе˵ġ
ɾȻû˵ⷬȴо˫Ǽпʶġ
ɾµģǰӦҲʶ
ȴȡԯʥ˫ģ
ԯʥǧǰƵ۵ʥҲᵽʥеͷҪ󡣲Ϲ̫صˣûвʶʥġ
ȻԷĻشΪϲ
ߣΣҺܾ֮ǰ˵κˣҪ֣ǾͿԼı°ɣ
˵仰˵Ϣ㳹ʧˣУ΢Сʱսȴûʧ
Ȼ֮ǰǷ˵ǺԯʥվһЩãԷȻģֻ壬ȴûаѻȫ
΢ʱսĻᡣ
Ѿȷɾ֪򿪽ңµİҶͺйأܴܲƽ֣Ӵϵõ칬ϢͿжˡ
䣡
彫һɶ쾳뵽΢ʱս֮У˲Ϣʱ𵴣һεʱͨ˲ǰ
ڽӣ
ʱվǿ˵νĴСѾûôˡ
С޴󣬴ҲСʱսȻֻһڣ滹ͨط
û˿η壬̧ͷ۾ûգһ¾;ֱǶ쾳֮ͨС
ˣ
ܹӰãֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ͨһİĵط
һƬ谵ҿĳһ㣬ȫĳּʵĶڡ


ڶǧʮ ؽƣ
кɣȴûзŲֻһȥһȫʱӦ׼
Ȼֻͱɫ
ǰĶ룬һʯ
̫ڻʵԬ˵أ
ʯһ絶䣬Ŀޱȣ£һǶʯеĽɫ̡
û巴Ӧ̤ʯΧɲǣغһӴ̫˲£鲼ߡ

Хռ˲üӲͬһʱ䣬˷ȻһӴζԭء
ֹˣͬڵһ̶ˮкû֮Уʧٶȼ侪ˡ
ͻȻܵһĻ仯嶼һ
Ԭ
Ҳǰǰλһˡ
Ƶ۹ʱ䣬Ψһһλùʦݺ͵λˣһ̫ڻʵնġ
֮
ڤڤУԺһͷ
ԬţλԬʦܿΪףԶ֪Լߡ
ԬԳԼǰ̫ܶвʹõȴһĵ֮ΪԸԼ
ⷽԲʱտ¶һյشڵڵ֮ǰ󷨾ֹͣ
ҪǣⲻϵĶԾҲܻء
ЩͷԺзӶԺеһָܿ侲
Ԭµȷʵֻϧͬ󷨣ҿ顣
䣡
һ̣һ̤ûֹʧһ𣬼
ֻЩ쾳Ǽ򵥵ӿ£գѸٽ

ѸܽһС͵Ĵ
֮Уְ취Ըˣʵǣ
СʹֵɲǣԭڷĵѸٳһ˿ңͺƽĺͶһʯӣҲ˲ܵ˸š
˵һĲ͸ţѾ㹻ĳʱ䣬ӦΣ
ˣ
âһ˲ʯԣʳָ磬Ѹٵʯϣͬһʱ䣬һʱշӡ֮뵽ʯУ߽Ԭʯвµ󷨡

ӿֻصǹɿֲʧˣеһжʱָ糣
ˡ
幪һʯȥ
һ·Ƭ֮һӴѹǰ
ĵ֮ͨ콫ڴˣ
ܿ죬ڶʯӳʯĺ󷽣һӰؼףͷףһ˳ǹܰ㣬һ
վһ˲ŭһɽǿѹ
ô᣿
ǰǵӰҲҵһ¡
ϾǴƵ壬СܵĶĿȾǰӢٻʶһЩ
ǰˣһ۾ϳүүԼǰϵͨ콫޽һģһֻǿϵ޶ѡ
ǰʱڵͨ콫죬յĴսһ㣬ϵĳɾͼ侪ˣԲͨ콫ĳƺš
괫˵ĵۼݱ֮ˣӦֻʮңǰа˾ʮĸ䣬ҪǣΪʲôǸеͨ콫޻һ֮ͨУ
ұ˵Ƿĵ֮⵽ʲô˼
ټϵһʯ̫ڻʵۣܵѾλӢ䣬;֮Ļʵ˰ش˴
ζ⴦ͨҲ֪ģ⵽״ʲô
ʲôһһ˴˶֪ȴĬصܣ
УҪģǸ˵˭
ʲôȻֵЩǧŵľɳĸ󽫣ڴ˵ذأ󣬶赲˽룿
Ժд˷ͷӶȴ˿ûֹͣ
ˣ
Ƭ̣ʯٴγ֡
κڴˣ
ʯһӴϵķӴʯ󱬷ǿҵĵطȻһԲʱмȾѪĹϡ
һʱµĽƣҺ֮ǰĽȣΪʱԶ˴ԭԽĽҲԵԽǿ
˵أ
һޱȣͻȻص׿ռն䣬֮ǰ˲ͬȻǸԶʱġ
䣡
ǽе¡غ̤ʯΧɲǣʯ󣬴ѿһӵİɫ⼣߰ߣ֪˶ãȻƵض
һɲǣɽХ޾ĵ֮գһѵصƳ
ֹˣڵͬʱоΧʱһеʱ֮ȫᣬƬ޷ʹá
Сĵ¿ռ䣬ȫܵء
һĻ嶼üһΪ⡣
ݹ۹Žÿﵽ΢˲ܶ࣬쾳ĸ޼͸¶ʱ֮嶼ɵòء
ԣһǽƵһƬ֮Щ÷ʽʱ֮
һܿ˳
طЩ죬̺ǿʱ֮ҿ϶Լǲǻĵ£Ϊеһжһʱշӡ;֮УȵɾڵصײµĽƻҪǿöࡣ
ˣ
ۿɽ̺ʱ֮ĵ֮նйâһûѡӲϣѡӲеĹ
䣡
ǰĵɽͶȻ䵽ĹǰȴӲֵ
̬һ֮ڹܱµһ־ǰˣӵǿķ
ڵΪȫ֣ԺĹ

岢û׼ڵ¶Ѩ֣ù⾪һʱһΣʯǰӡʯе
ǿµĹÿ죬ȥҲ죬ֻϵһأһйƽ
κʯ忴µĽƣЩһһǿһһΣգֻеĹЩʼûзӳӦе
Լʱ󣬺峤һڴгµĽơ
ɫ΢΢԰ףģȻɹЩµĽƣ˵ҲǼġ
ֻʣһˡ
̧ͷס񣬺ܿǰȥ
ոѾĩĽƣϣ̫Ľˡ
ʵҲӡ֤жϣһʯ֮忴һЩµĲһĶ
ͨľͷһȫ벻ĵֳֳۣĿ͸һ˿
ʥʦ


ڶǧʮ Ƶ֮ʦӣ
忴סˡ
ʥŵĴʼˣܵ˵磬ʲôϵ
Ҵǰ⻹һأʥͨУƺҲǰػߣ˵Ľɫ
ͷԺзӶĿѸɨ¶Ѩܿʹиܵһ޵ľ
ʣһǺ֮ǰȻͬľƣֹˣĿɨʯŵһʱвɶһ¡
ǡ
вͬǱﲢʯ񣬶һᡣ
᲻֪ʲôɣǧ겻ϵ֡Ȼ岢ʶ׭һ۱˳
ʯ䣬ͷӹԺһɲǣͻȻʲô
ֿ飬岢ǵһ֮ǰ֮ʥӵʥڣ;ͬĿ飬ʣһؿľԡ
ˣ
˲ſ񣬾ֱ̤붴С
Լ֮󡪡
һֻǰ˲һ͵Ĺââ򱬷һǿ˲佫Ӱ˽ȥ·ֻһɲǣַ·ֻͣһɣʱ뵽˵¶ľͷ
ڰ
ޱȵĺڰ
ۣѾ޷ԼģֻһȷһǸ翵ʱգѾǸͨˡ
ҵ͹ˣ벻㾹Ȼͻнơ
û巴ӦһϤޱȣͻȻ
һһ۾Ϳһ˫ޱȣ·̺ܵ
˫в˿飬ͺ飬ǣ˫κ˶ͬȻǵɫġ
Ȼǳİһ۾ͱ˾ĻߣҲ֮ǰԼ̸ˡ
ڼˣ
ϸǰˣһȫİӰ߹ڲΣϴһʽΪϵĹŴۣݿ̰Ͼʦһ㡣
忴ȥʱ˫ɫҲڴ壬ôһɲǣо˫۾ԼԼϵ˫۾ǰΡ
ҲΪ֮
ǰոʱֳܹ壬εĸоҲͰˣڣǷ켫ﵽĵزʵˣ֪Ⲣʵ̫ǰʵ̫ߣܴﵽּ
壬ǰ֪ǰγƺ
ܿع񣬹һ
˵仰¶ϸɫϣܹӶԷеõ𰸡
ʦоȻʵ˳Ԥϣʵ̫ˡ
ԷĴȴʧˡ
ҵֲҪһ·ߵΪĲֹһְɡ
˵˿Ϊ
⡪
һȻЩʧǺܿ췴Ӧ
ʵǰʵϣǰ
ܾ֮ǰҾģٲ˼顣
Ԥϣһڻؾ

ͺһǧʱҲһ仰˵ܿ죬Ͳ˶Էеġ
˼䣿ʲô˼
ԷĻƺ⡣
ҶԷȻ飬ϸ˼Ļȴû˵
ǰֻǲ˼û˵ֻܰϣǰܹڴɾԯʥķϣһ𰸡

ڵľʦѾȫ֯Уǰͨ죬Ȼ֪ĴڣɹֻƵ۹˼䶼Ϊ
ⷬԷθΪĿĲֶεˣֻҪܴĿģˣ⣬˵ֻ϶ѡ
֮ǰĴ󺮳;ƻ˵
һָоھʦɹһ磬ĩҲٴν١
飬ҵ飬ܷʲôʼջûдƣҲµĳ֣٣ҲһµҲʲô
ǵӰɲΪ
һɲǣ˸׼ʧΪԼͨؿ飬һ·ִܹӶԷеõִ𰸣֪칬λãȻԷԼĻҪᡣ
ʦ𣿡
˵ʱʱ죬׼ٴοڵʱͻȻ֮䣬һ΢Ȼռ
Сʣ
Ϊ⣬ͻȻǱˣʧȥʵֻһ꣬ԺıԴռޡ
޺ٲ飬Ҳû뵽ʱ򿪿ڣģ޵ĳƺ
ʦ
ʲô˼ѵʶǰˣ
ȻģǶԷķӦҹʱ䣬˼ʦתһȦ󴳹عؿԷʼǧ̬֮ȣû뵽˵֮󣬾һʯ׹ƽĺˮһ㣬϶ʱɲ
Сʣ㣿û
Ȼƣ˵һС
СʾȻĺʶ
̫ͻȻģ仰˵
ˣâһСüԾƬС
СѾʧȥ壬ԽֻͶӰķʽڡ
һвҪΪСʵĳ֣ʱ˭ҲԤϲı仯ǵӰУ֮ǰӲֹм˸УбҲϲ
Сʣ⵽ô£ôʶ
Ҳ̲ס
ˣСݵʦС磬һ̵ֽСݣ书С𾴵ˣ
꣬Сʺеϲá
СʲûʲôĻ˵ֻ˵һιȥ޹ؽҪճⷬȴɻĿ߹ڲĹӰжʱɲ
Сݵʦ
ⷬڱ˶ûκ壬ȴ֪޿еСݾǻƵԯ
Ƶԯݵĳ棬ҲʷϵĵһʵۣС츳û˹ʸʦȻеʷУᵽԯʦֻһλ
ӣ
ǰǻƵ֮ʦӣ
ԺͷжʱһƬκˣһǣͻȻ֮ЩףΪʲô֮ǰĵͨУῴһһʷڶĽʥӶλһΪеĿ顣
ԷǴ˵еλƵ֮ʦôһж͵ͨҲȷʵʸ˶Ϊܡ
˵ʵԳԼǰж𺧲ѡ
Сʣ벻㻹ţһǧ꣬ΪС뿪ˣ
ʱǵӰ˵Ƶ֮ʦڿˣ꣬͸һ޾˸С
ʦ㵽ȥͻȻʧҲӰСܾáҸоС鷳ˣҪİڣСһ¡
Сʵ͸һĽ֮飬ֻ׽ϲŻ¶ĸ顣


ڶǧʮ ˵ͽ

Сʵѯʣӷһ̾Ϣޱȡ
ЩѾȥҲҪˡСݵѾ޷ı䣬˵Ҳһӵź
ӵ¶һ˸С
ǻƵ۵ĵʦǹ˼ʱ䣬ΪһԹߣҲܸܵ˫֮Ȼĸ顣
ǰʲô칬βƽ칬ֶΣ
嵥ֱ룬ͻȻڵ
棬΢΢üͷʱͻȻС֮ɣȻЩðʧʧ񣬵ȴɫ糣ӭŹӵĿ⣬Ҳû˿Ļرܣ
칬ӰķΧԽԽ㣬Һܿ죬ʵͻüǿԽԽԶԸǵʱ䲻ˣ
ʱ䲻ˣ
ĸףСã磬ˣȫȻУмվҪ׻ɢ
ʦУҲԽԽͣԼݣҲ֪Լļںδ
Ըоõ칬Ѿ뵽һµĽ׶Σδʦ˶Ϊż
СʵķϣҿԸһЩ
ӿһСʵӰĬƬ̣ڿڣһֱ信ɽӣҲࡣ
ɮ濴棬վСжֻһϵӾ޷ԴİһԴ塣
ˣ
âһû巴ӦһɫָͻȻ˲üģΪƽƽһָȻȫû
ǰǡ
һ㵡
Ȼȴûлش𣬾忪ڵʱ򣬺䣬·ͻȻѣǰеһ˲ʧһ̣巢Լٴο˾ʦ
ֻǣһεӽƺЩ⣬Ϊ巢ԼƺǴӰиʦġ
о仰˵ˣʱȷʵˣʵϣʲôڶѾˡ
ӵĮž޲ͻȻߴ
üͷ΢Ҫѯʣһ̣忴һЩȻͬĶ
⣡
ĽŨˮ·һϪӾʦ룬״쵽ʦ䡣
ʱһƬԻ󣬲֪ʲôһ̣Ľ͸ʦյڣЩ˵ĿֹͻȻִ͵ʱʲô
칬
𶯣ŵ
ţ
ϤӶߴĮû˿Ĳ
ΪЩ⣬ܹ׿κ˵ļ䣬Ĩκ˵ĴڡѾʦ߳ϣ쵽˾ش
ѳɣ칬Ѿ׶Σܱƻʹݻˣ׼ɣ
˵ĻһĶʱˮס
ܣһа취ģ
ŵ
칬ıһ̣û˿ֹˡٹʮ죬ʦͻᱻ׼ǳе˶գΪ칬֡
ʲô
ӵĻһԵСʶ¶𺳵ɫƾʦ½ģ˻գܼˡ
ӵ˼ڴƾʦз칬Ϊ˶Ը壬Ҫʦ˿ȫɱ߻˵׼
Щ鲻ǿԸıġ
ӳĬƬ̺
Ѿһη칬ˣʷϼÿԪͻᶯһ칬Ѿǵˡ
칬ΪṩӴҲܹѣŲ٣ͬٵԭ򣬲ܵʲôĴˣֻᱻ˻߱ӡ޷ɱ
칬ÿһʹ֮󣬶Ҫȴʱ׼칬ʹƵʽڻҪ࣡
ӻһϵܡ
䣡
һ˲䣬ɲᵽЩ̫嶼
û뵽ྐྵȻ
ԸԸ⣬춼Ѿƿؾ棬ʮ֮ｫΪһƬһжѾˣ
ӳ
ǰأ
Сʼ
û뵽ĺ˿¡
ӲˣǵѾ칬칬Ϊһ壬ֻҪ뾩ʦͻڼ̵ʱڼĸĸһ
һ仰һԵ塣
һһû˵ɫ԰˺ܶࡣ
ٶˣʼʱûʲôһж彫ǴʦΧֳ֮ġ
ûзʦֻнˣû뿪ˣ
ӳ
ʦ˿ڣôӴÿĶһ˵ֻ֣ܽܳʳΪһܴ⣬ֻǴżƵϵͳʳ߲˴ḻҳҲһ߲ׯ԰һʱˡ
ģһа취ǰǻƵ۵ʦ˾ͣѵһз޶ǰʵ˸ǿ칬Ҳָƣǰ°յķϣʩԮ֣һ֮
˵ţͷһ񣬹
ȻǰǵӰһֱûɽ¶ˮܶʱоϢĲ˵ƾʦӼ֣͸ҿ϶Էų׵ҺܿܽӽֲΡ
ָƣΪֱ̫ǿߵ̫嶼֪ܣȴ֪ʵ;Բ͡
û˵ֻĿ΢΢һ¡
ʦСָļ̳ߣǧ֮ǰѾ֪ĵСѾ£ζ˰ɣ
СʲϣСϷ飬ٴݣ
ʱСҲ

ӷһ̾ϢȻһֱһ־ǧ֮ĸоʧȥˣʧȥСǰȫӲĳ
ҲԸʵǲܣְǶԸ죬Ҳһ
ôܣ
ǰ⵽ô£
ȻһȻֱ𰸾ԴԤϡ
ʦ
СҲһΪš
ҵ䣬һǧһֱôġҿǿǸ޷ӣһҾ̣Ҹ޷֡
ô꣬Ҳֻܽһ˵ߣתһȦȻص˴ɣһҲֻһΣ
ҵΣܹͨ谭Ҷûϵ
ӿڵȴ˵һ˭Ҳû뵽顣

忴ǰĹӣ˵
Σ
һֱΪǶԷ֮ȴû뵽ﾹȻ֮ء
ǰ֪ôܽȳǰ·Ըౡ֮ȫǰ
һ
ֲôͨһء
ĻƺҲЩ⣬ĿһۣҲ֮ǰô䣺
̫ˣһǧǰʧȥʱҾѾעûлˡ


ڶǧʮ ΨһĻᣡ
ƺԸԼ϶˵Ӻܿͽֹ
С뿪㲻Сң̫ңһΣû侳ΪҲɲĶֻ֣ͽͰˡһɱĸ֪ԪҲڳ棬ʱҲδػע⵽㣡
ӳ
飬ֻѿ͸ˣЩ֪ΪȴɲֻͣԼԽʹˡ
СңʥҲ
ƤһһЩϢ
㲻ΪԼΨһķÿͰɣͨʯǴӺζ
ӳͺ˵һѰ飺
ϧˣСǺҼ츳׿ģҲпܸıһеģ绹ֻʮ꣬ȻͲҵĴڣϣҸܵԶеּ־˵츳мֲиŬԣ
Ҵ书һɳϣҿ˴δйϣǰδУܻˣֻҪﵽ侳Զ޷ܿܿ
ֻϧҲʧˣ
˵󣬹ͷһ̾įޱȡ
䣡
һʯ£忴ǰĹӣвӿޱȡ
ʥʣ
ʥҲӣ
ӾȻ̹ʥ书
Ϣ̫𺳣̫ͻȻʥʵһУӲ£ԼҲᵽ£ϢôһɲǣԺһƬհס
Ȼϸ룬ڻʹ֮Уʥ޽ӽ侳Ϊ֮ܶϷ֪顣
ʥ֪Ӳ֪ŷ
֪Сѡ㣬Ҳ֪źСǺͬһЩûõģѾ֤̫äĿϣȻֻһһεıѡ
뿪ɣһУҲϣСϷݡ
ӿڵ
û˵ֻԺͷ
һɲǣͻȻָоǸĮ̰壬ĵʦֻαװģǰĹӡ
һָоһкܶܣͨиһʯһ֤
ǰҲ뿪׽ˣѣʦˣϲļˡǣԹʲô𣿡
ֱͦͻȻһɫ
һ̣ϣиԼĴɾҲƽɽհΣиԼʥʣϱһԡѪսʮֵܣ˶ޱһܣԶԭԼ
ػһΣк壿
Ŀ壬þ˵ϡУһϤĸо
ͻȻ˺һǰһ֣˵ͬĻһǸࡣ
ֻǵͳͳߡˣûл
һɲǣͻȻ޾ıʹ
ΪʲôȰԶȥһһǰͺ̣ظͬˡ
ǰǰ
һԶԼԼĺȻӶд˹ӵ
ٴοӡ
ǰκ鶼ӦԵķܴ޷ƽĶҲᱻ˷ӡǰһа취ģԲԣ
ǳϿҵ
Ӷǳ˽⣬ܿϤܵˣ˵ֻһ֪Ը칬İ취ôһǰĹӡ
һа취
ʦ˰ɣ
СҲԱ߰
˼Ȼ˵ˣ;Բ뿪ģ
ԣ̾һһ
ãһٴռ
һ취Ƶ칬취칬ڲڲƻ칬ַΣأɹļʼͼͣлȥҲһܹҲֻѡ
ǰָ㣡
ϲæʵ
ĸоûдȷʵ֪Ը칬ķΣգǸǵĶһ·һβΣգ
лõĩӡǣȥ죬ҲһԸ
칬ıһ䣬ֱ̫ǿҲԵһؽƣǴⲿƻǽڲܡ
ӳ
仰˵
չӵ˵칬ڲǸܣ
ҵĻû˵ꡣԼһֻͨҪͨܽ칬ڲͨȻΪԼҪУûôѡΪеֻһ߱ɣ
ӵ

üͷһΪ졣
ǰָ֮
ӹ֮ˣӣз簲»ɽ
ϣܹ칬ˣ죬ֻһˡܱ㲻ӵ
һɫ
ӹӿеõ϶Ĵ𸴣ģþ˵
Ȼûԣ˼ˣ֮⣬ܹ칬ľֻлʹе»ࡣ
ǣΪʲô
ǿˣԼ˵ģǡ񡱡
ĽǿΪʲôԼıʹó֮⣬ܽУ
ȻӣڵΪֻʥ侳ʵ벻֮ʲôϵ
ֻǸ⣬ΪԪ֮ǰԭĵ
ӳ
ʲô
ԣ¶ε𾪡
ĸԪˣʲôݣһֱǸţ̫Ҳ
̫嶼֪˵ˡ
û뵽ʼݾȻӣͳľ
һд˷ɲͻȻЩףΪʲôԳơޡ
촴ʱΪԼų棬࣬û֮ļԪ𣬳ѲרĶ
̧ͷ¶ɫ
칬һˣ˵Ҳ㲻©ΪµҲֻһ˿ԽС
ӵʱüͷ
չӵ˼ܹ칬˳֮⣬Ҳֻдƻʵһˣ˵ԽͣʦôˣΪʲôֻһ˲칬Ӱ죬ɼǵԼˡ
ˣڵΪƻ칬
仰˵칬ܱƻ
ǰû𣿡
üͷ
Ҫ칬Ψһķ
ն
ǣʲôӡ
СҲһԵƺͬ
˭˵ûУ
ȻӵĻȴ˴㵲ѣĿһתܿϡ
֮Ը˵ЩûԭȻ֪ģȷʵӲе


ڶǧʮ жʼ
δ䣬ͻȻһָͷ
䣡
һ̣·ܵĳִ̼һɽͻȻڱŷ
𣬰һ͵⣬ǽѸٱ仯ȻΪһţľצס塣
ֻЩر𣬳ɫ֣Щطȴǲȱȫ
ֹˣ֣ΧȻһơ
ôܣ
ͻȻıʣ˵壬һԵСʶסˡ
岢ӣҲǻңҰչӵ˵ܹ칬ȻҪ˵ϾС
пʼ¶һ˿ɫ
Ȼ𺳣һ̣ȴͻȻһЩ¡
ǵȻң»ɽǰ뾩ʦǳʢϣ»ɽΪ֮ʹطȡʥʵһΣֹ»ɽʱ򣬴мȡ
֮ԻȻǸʱġ
ЩͷԺзӶܿͶ
ôѾ޹ؽҪΣһҪ칬ڲֹһΣ
ǰΣһҪһ֮
峤𣬹һޱȳϿҵ
û˵ֻĿɨһԵСʣֿһϵԯʥ̾Ϣһ˵ͷ

ͬʱʦϿյʱĳһΰϵӰգһĻâţ㣬ϸȥͻᷢΧÿʱÿ̶Ϊһͣӿڡ
ôˣ
֪˶ãͻȻ˫ڵ
ΧĵģǺܿ죬һ͵Ĺâŷǰǹɽ֮͸һ겨̫ء
شˣµѾȬ⣬ȻЩѶȣµҪɣʱ˾ͿԽٴ
̫ع
ͻ֮УΪ壬˴빥Ƽأ̫ر壬߸ͬ֯ӵдָܵʲôĴˣָܺܿ
Ψһ鷳Ķ죬ڲϵĻȡϣĿǰмĽչʧС
ܺá
˵ͷ̫صһڣӲʧ
Ǹ֮ж𣿡
ĬƬ̣ٴοڵ
⡭Ŀǰȷǣȷʵ˾ʦⰴķԸǰھʦϿգͼѰ칬ʱǲûʵϾߣ̥أҪҵס
̫س
ȥɣм죬칬Ҫɣʱ򲻹Σ⡭ԭΪǴ˵еˣڿ²ǡ

칬תһΪ׶Σһ׶ֹܱǸʱ칬Σѱ֣˵ڶ׶Σֹͺˡ
ڽ˵׶ΣβĽǶȥ칬ڣʦȵʱ٣ƾʦ᳹ʧ˿Ҳȫ׼Ϊ칬ϡ
ȵʱ¿أΪؼۡ
Ҳݻ
ԭһֱǸԤϵǸˣԤݻΪҪ칬ڿȻˡ
Ǹ֮Ӳٹעˣ칬жʱҪɣʱеС鷳ҪЭ֮󣬲Ǹ֮ӻ̫һ޶һиýˣ

ǣס
̫æ

ʱ仺ȥ˽°ӿ칬ÿһնţǱϣʦǷƽ˾κα仯
ʯԣһεУһӰʵѪ֮⣬СʻǹӣǴľ塣
ҵܴܵƣֻ긽ܷӳһ֣ж֮ǰһҪһΣ칬ıбضΣأóȻ룬˵ƽ칬ҲһҪȥ𣿡
ӿ
Ѿǰһ֮
Ŀᶨԥ
ӶʱĬˣȻϣת⣬С뿪ᶨ񣬹ףΣ嶼ı⡣
ãˣġ칬ƣû޷ܵ칬ľڣһоҪԼ
ֻһ˲Ӿͻع
⣬ֻһΣһҽעڣھʦýƣܿͻᷢҪսپУ칬ڲͬΣأû˻˽Լķ֮УЩҪ׼
ĿǰΨһǣһ뷨ڲ칬޷ʩչģ仰˵޷칬Ӱ־ˣҲֹۣ
죡죬칬ͻ᳹׵ɣʦΪĴưҲ׼ڹᷨеĸĸԣνΣһҪҵ칬߽ļƻĻһо̫ˣ
˵һ䣬ӵɫޱȡ
Ȼ˵ÿ̱ʵϣΪƵ֮ʦǸ󱻲𾴵ĴڣĲ⣬ֻȶѡ
ף
һ֣ص
ӵ˵ͷٶ˵һ̣˫һգͬһʱΪģʹȻһ£ͬһʱ䣬ӿһӴ˷͸صףڵķ
ĸ֪УӴ󣬺纣һȻڽߵ̫
ǡʷ
ֻϸһ£ӹһĨݡ
ǹɽǳһǧҲ޵͵۶ɣʦĹؼڣ£ҲֻƻҲõ
ң֮ʷܵѹƣʥµġ󡯶ѾʧЧˡ
ûϵ֮䣬Ȼֱӵصʷ󡯵
񣬸ϽѰ칬λãֻܽƬ̣ܿͻᱻ֣һˣ㽫Զ޷칬ڲ
ʱ򣬹ӵͻȻӶд
һݣæۼһѸٽ뵽˹žĿ֮
䣡
ֻһ˲䣬ͺӿĺͻȻҵйһǹӴģģԶԶԽ˶۷ҵĺ뵽ڡ
ǿ
һ̣ܵǹӴģ޾嶼Ϊ֮ݡ
һΪܺ콻֣˵һУڹϣŸܵʲôȣԼ۵׺һ΢
оȣӵҲ˶١


ڶǧʮһ 칬֣
ڹʵ̫ˣΪʲôʧȥΪʲôӵǿΪʲô״Уؼģ굽׷ʲôΪʲô֪ô̫࣬嶼֪ģصܣ
Щͳͳû
ֻһ˲ͻظƽ֮Ǿҵ칬ڵλãģԺ˵
СʵжϣҲšƵ֮ʦĸ֣
䣡
ǹĳ£·һ㣬޵ͣǾʶͣϢ֮䣬ʹﵽһԱĵز
ͬһʱ䣬һѸ󷨣Χ壬âҫۣһɫɵİʵƲã˲͡
죬Ѿĸֲ֪˶ãϽѰ칬λã
صӶд
һݣϽϢͬһʱ䣬䣬ͬһʱ䣬ӴľɢѸٷʦ
գأһ̾ĸ֪С
ľǿ󣬷ȥͿԸǼӴķΧһȴЩ̫һУŶÿһռ΢ϣ۴αȵķݣϸ΢ľʽṹȺĺ⶯ص£°ӵϵ˻еһ޾ϸȫͬʱĸ֪֮С
ĳһϸڣеϸڣȫԺ
ʱ壬һ̨һٵĶתͬʱеһС
ֹˣһڸо칬ǹɽɫģ㣬޾ڣǽ壬ÿһط
ŹӵܵǵĴڣֹڡ
һ̣֪칬ʲôЩɫĹâܣͣͬǽӴеһУͬŵģȴͬһ㣬޾µ
ȵͬɣ칬ͻὫеһȫڻʱ˵ģеһн᳹׵Ĩƽе鶼ڡ
ǲ
ҧȫһŷȥ
ڵѾǳӴˣֱܹ۵ĸܵ칬һлԶԶ
ȻܹоĽ⣬ȴоԴͷ˵칬Ĵڡ
ʶǷΧ֮ڣ˽֮ǿյ֮ǰļ̽飬ûκεĲɸܲ칬
ס칬ҪķܲκεĽƣȥܣһҵģ
ʱƺܵĵļȣӵȻԺֱ
ʶ΢΢һЩ
ռ䣡һǶ˿ռ֮ɱ˵ĸ֪ĻѰҲ
ڤڤУһͷӹԺһ̣䣬ľһıȥֻһ˲䣬ͻȻͻԭƣ뵽˿ռ
ԭľѾ˾ʦеһжֱ۵ĵӳԺУڣǴһֽһֽУľͬˮйأͽ뵽ʱ
еĸ֪
֪е磬ҲѸٵı仯ƽģͬ䳲Ľṹ
ˣ֪֮Уû칬ڣ
ǲ
ǲ
Ҫǿ

һһСľһδβϵ󣬽һ
֪˶ãֻһɲǣֺ磬оԼľ֪ѾﵽͷʱͻȻ֮䣬һͺͻĳһĸ֪ͻȻһЩµĶ
¡¡
ͷϷ޾ϷʱյһǿͻȻǹɲӿ磬ͬˮһ㣬һ˾µ֮
弸ʶ̧ͷͷϷӴԴͷ
һӴġݡʹھʦϷ߿յʱһһӴ
Ժգڣͺϵ̫ͻȻ֮˼䣬ٵ˾ĵطһ
Ӵʱһͬϫһ㣬ԶԶԽκζ쾳ǿߵκοߣоһǿӾоС
칬
һɲǣ֪ԼһֱҪ׷ѰѰҵĶ
Ҳǿı
ͻȻôһɲǣΪ޴ͳԺһƬհס

̫Ӵˣ
ͷϷʱġ칬ѣͨɢųҵĹâ
Ϊ崦ڷѰʱԺѲ
廹ӴĹģͷ·ڿеԶ̩ɽһ㣬Լ֮ǰһδε̽飬Ȼһζûз֡
ţ
ĳþ޷ƽϢ
һеԴͷ
ҲյĿ꣡
Ҳǿͬʱ֪ԼҪûôףΪ칬Χ˵칬̫̫ߵȵʱ֮
ʱչʵҲеȼͲεġ
ﵽһ̶ȣͻѹЧ칬ѾﵽЧ
Ķ֮ѾԶԶ˶쾳ķ룬渳ӵκ߶ͱġ
ڱӡ֮ǰȫʢʱڣġ
ͬҲΪʲôΪо칬ڣȴʼѰҲ칬ԭ
ֹˣǰտ沢̫ԶҰԵִĵطʵϣڿռĹУκʵʵĵϵľ붼Ѿʧȥ塣
߿ġҲߡ
칬֮ŵĲǵϵľ룬ʱգ
Ҿܿԡ칬ͬʱҲ֣ͨ칬ͨȫơ
嶴쾳Ϊ칬ܲٿʱ˲ִڣ˵ĸоȴǳ졣
Ȼõȴ޷ʱлþϢͺ칬ΧϢȫĨȥ޷׼ȷռ룬˵Ծ档
ͺÿ̫ܿȴ޷ִһ
칬пռ֪ʱ֮һ·ϽӽҲ޷ִ
칬ȫʢʱµĽƣ侳Ϊ¹ųһж쾳ǿߵĿǸܿ
ʱ򣬹ӵӶߴ
ռ侳Ϊֹ޷󼰵ģõȴ޷ִͼٿʱ֮ͼᱻŤ뵽޾̫У
Ҫô
ɱ侲
ңңǵù˵һֱͨ칬ڲ
ϸӦ칬ֻ߾ſԽ룬ⷽҲ޷ش㡣磬򿪹һΣЩʳ˳Ϊͨ򱻳Ϊ֮ͨ·ֻ֣ûϢ
칬ӦƣֻҪڣϵһܸо

⣬ӿʱˣǱѾΣǲκλˡ


ڶǧʮ Ĺ˼ɣ
ϣ߱;߱˽칬ôܲЧжûаա
ˣ
û˵вԾĽȻûϸ˵ֶе״̬£ҲܸоЩ־ʦԴ칬ĽɫâڲԽԽǿҡ
ȻǱѾҺܿܺܿͷǵĿ칬ĳֻҪرͨһоĳսˡ
ҵһҵ
а
ʱ˿̣ǿҵĳ嶯Ҫƿնٿʱֱ֮칬ȥ򵥴ֱķʽǿд칬档
ֳ嶯ոշ𣬾ͱǿѹסˡ
ǸҲַʽǷ֮ЧЧҲɵӣ»ûпܱǰ֣ǿѹ
һͷϷעе˼㡣
ʱоõʦĽɫâԽԽǿңʱĲˡ
·һɲǣַ·ͣʱˡ
ͷϷ޾ĸ߿УʱͻȻоһصĹ㡣
ǹ㿪ʼֻ΢СǶ̶ʱڣ弯оע⵽һʱǹգۼ΢СѸٱ仯֥СȻΪĥ̰Сĸ֪УȻΪؼһհ㣬޾ĽɫâҲбŷ
ֹˣڸоǶϢͬʱҲоһڤڤϵ˲佫ԼĹϵһ
ָоͺѪ˹ͬ㡣
𣡡
ͬʱ꣬ӲµλУû˿ףڤڤУһɺʱŷڶ仯һɵĽȫëбŷգۼͻΪһ޴ľצ֣ãʵǿ߸߰칬Ϸķ
εͬʱ޾ʱһ칬
ˣ
Сʺ͹𶯣֪ӵķЧˡ
ʱ˿̣ĸܺκ˶һʦƽû˿仯ĸ֪У޴칬Ȼһ֮ڶҪǿ򱶵оԼܵĳٻ㣬ͬϸӿ󺣣Դͷȥ

׹칬л϶ӴԶϵҪӴö࣬߾ͺөһ㣬ܵٻ˶
ң֪ôȥˡ
ͻȻ˶̧ͷͬǳҫ۵ͷϷ칬һ̣û˿ԥԾѸ껤ֵķΧ
ʱһ̣˼鷢ˡ
Ͽգһ϶صķͻȻ޵Уƾո֣ķķΧһ𣬲ͣĳⲻĽṹ
䣡
һգ۵ʱ䶼һʦʹڸķƬΪģ˷Ʒɳȥ
ھʦϿյʱһɫĹͻȻ칬ŷ˲ͽС
ͬһʱ䣬ʦǧĿռԪλ
֮ͨ·
𶯣ͻȻֵĽɫͨ
ɫǹγɵͨʱ칬Ŀռͨ
Щгֵطģʱͨһ֣̺ĽӴ󣬳֮ˣûκܽС
ǿĴ۾ǽ칬ȫһ
ܲܳɹͿԼˣҲֻ㵽ˡ
Ϸ૵
ĿУǸɫڼʧУϢҲԾ˵ٶԶȥ
ֹˣڹӵĸ֪УӾʦĽѾ궯˼㣬ȻѾˣ˴ж졣
ΨһĻǣһ֮ͨ·춼޷ֹ
һֻܿԼˡ
а
˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱܹҵ壬Ψһȷǣʱ̫

˼飡
ʱ˿̣֮ͨ·ڼٴеһжһǿҵ𺳡
ͨ칬ͨ濴ֻһֱĹڲʱͨԶȿҪӵö࣬칬׼ȷλҲȿ뾩ʦҪңԶöࡣ
뵽ͨڲͻȻףΪʲô磬ͨΪͨˣӦǡͨ
ͨڲṹ֦ɵĴÿһ֦ɶڲͣ죬һֱͨңԶĲ֪ʱ
һֱڵָ׾ͻʧͨУһ·ʧδ֪ʱ
ľ
ʱһԺд˳
ʲô
ʶʵ
㻹񻰴˵ͨ칬Ľľ
ͼ
һֱĹУͨʱͬͨ۲һС
칬־ʦɹƻҽ׸𣬸˵ƻڴˡ
ͼ˵Ͼվ޷޶ԣ̫ҵìڲìܣƻҵѪɽ𢣬Ǿܾʹ˶Ͼ
񻰴˵УľصͨͬʱҲ˼Ψһͨ壬ңѵЩżûж𣿡
ͼ
˵
üͷ΢˼
ʥνĽľǰʱͨЩżһкڿһģһ
ͼ˵ƺ˼ɡ
û˵ƺҲ뵽ʲô
䣡
˵ʱͻû˿ףʱͨ·ܵײ㣬ͻȻҵֹˣĸ֪УһӴϢ籩㣬Ӻ󷽼ٽӽ
죡
ֻһɲǣ塢ͼϵСʣͳͳɫ
˵ζ죬ܻһЩ⣬ֵòôʱǾܲ
ߣ
ϸ룬ͬʱϵҲ߷˼㣬ӿٶȣ㣬칬ķ׳ȥ
ǡͶ
ͬһʱ䣬˺󷽣ǿֲϢǵأͬԾ˵ٶȷٶǱò˿˶С
¡¡ʱͨҵĲʱ
ˣô죿
ķǸܿ
Сʺͼɫѿ㡣
˵ûжĻҪΣգλ칬ӵߣٶ˻ûн칬ڲѾ׷ˡ
ֱͬǿҵΣͷƤҪըˡ
ûô򵥣ĳ̶ֳϣѾ칬ڲͨ޷칬
ԺͷΣͷɱ侲
˼ǣ
ͼСɻѡ
һ㣬֮ǰʵѾ˲Ϊٴᵽ˵Ĵʲôϵ
ΪԼͨͨڲ仰˵һͨܵʲô칬ڲͬܵӰ죬˱٣
忪ڵбһĹâ


ڶǧʮ أ칬
ͼ壬Ƭ̺Ҳ׹
֮ͨ·޷ݻٵģٴⲿ޷ݻٵģҲ޷ڲĻһоͽȻͬ
ľͷȴڲġ
Ȼ˵Ŀǽ칬ڲӦͨݻ칬ǽȥνˣ˵δؾˡ
ˣ
ͼڵδ䣬ռ𶯣һʱ֮ţŽߵʱͨڲݺײȥͬһʱ䣬䣬ͼ͵һȭݺڲͨϡ
ͬʱҲȡжȱ֮ͼҪǿöࡣ
ˣ
âһУ̥˲֣ҡ
֮ն
磡
籩
Ϸӣ

ʯ䣬彫һ߷£˲䱬ǿľѧ
¡¡
ܵǿ֮ͨ·شͨڲҵҡҰһ죬ֻһ֮ͨ·ȻûܵӰ죬һط֧ͨͬ۶ϵ֦۳Ρ
ֹˣ޾ʱԭ̩ɽ̶Ӵ칬ҲȻ죬ƺܵĳǣ
Ǹң
ʱӺ󷽴ŭɶǼȽϢȴȻ˲١
ߣ
ûзŹᣬû˿ԥȫͬǰ㣬֮ͨ·ȥ
û˱ǿͿ¡
ڣֻͶЩҲֻܹŵ죬ȴ޷̫谭һع칬ڲܡ
ҪǣڹʱҲ֣֮ͨ·̺ĽǿֱͨӺΧĿռԪλںһ
Ҫݻ֮ͨ·͵ҪͬʱݻΧռԪλ档
Ͳ

ܹӰٴȥƬ̵ʱ䣬ͻΪһģĲӰʧ֮ͨ·
Ƭ֮һģĽɫӰȻԭվĵط
ǽɫĹӰϣϢɽ纣ǻصϢͬͷһ㡣
ͻȻֵӰ죡
͵ͻ֮еʱȣϵϢԽǿ
ֻһ̣ϵϢȴĲš
ܣô֪ͨأ
һ̵죬𶯡
ԭʱһ飬ȴû뵽칬֮ͻ䣬һֱʧھʦ֮е壬Ȼ֪ҵǰ칬ڲ֮ͨ·
칬Ŀ֮Уûûκ˿ԽС
Ͷǣͨڲ೸⣬޷ȫʩչ忴ȴ޹˼ɡ
켫ı
ģ嵽νеġ
ӣôȥ벻㻹һ٣ٶĺԣ
ʯ䣬ͷԺзӶܿ죬ƺʲôһ˫ɫñޱȡ
칬ط̫ʮֱ̫֪Ψһ֪ģҲֻеǸԵɺϣǼĹӡ
޸ĳͷǲȽ飬޾ͳ˽֮飬һΣ㲻ôõҪó
һ㣬裬ֻһ˲侲
䣡
һһɫŨڱգ֮Ѹٱ仯Χݻǿ󣬶ָһЩݻ޾ǳ뵽֮ͨ·Ķ֮С
֮ǰĹȻûдݻ֮ͨ·վǶ֮ͨ·һˣ칬еĽҪͷβ»Ӧĺ
׷ϣҲòʱ£ȴ¡
Ҷ˵޲ͨҲò̫ʱ䡣
ӰɣԼѡģû˿뿪
һʧķ򣬺ܿعͷᡣ
Ȼȷȷʵʵͨ칬ڲĵ·Ҳһ·
ͨˣ֮⣬û˿Ի뿪
ˣ
ʩΧܿ찲
һ֮࣬ͨ·ĸ廹ȫͻ
ǻã
ͻУͼͻȻڵΣӰУȻҲΣգһΣȴһΡ
Ѿض˺󷽵·˾ҪڣҲѾ·ˡ
֮ǰĲӦ÷һЩЧͨڲԶⲿ첻֮ȡʱ̫

ȫÿһϸڸ߸ɵת
̫̫Ѿصʱ֪٣ʱͻȻ죬ﶼûܷԸˡ
ֻ֮룬취ڲƻ칬
˵ţͻȻ䣬һ͵̧ͷϿա
Уͼͬоʲô̧ͬͷͷϷ
¡¡
һͷϷͼ𶯵ĿУƺƺƵţͬһƬϿգ˵ȥ·
ƣ
ƣ˵ɫʱѿޱȡ
ȻûпԶԶľ룬ܸоһģص
ǹ̺κΪ֮塣
ô죿
âһͼѾӹ߳岢Ͽգɫѿޱȡ
ʣѾ֮ͨ·ڵĽơ
Ͼı˿˽С
Ȼһ·ͨ裬칬ڲֱҵ칬ĺĹؼݰǿٵʵȻûô򵥡
̺Ӵ󣬸״ݻ٣ҴͨҲҪļ˵Ѿ㹻׷ˡ
ͼɫѿ
û˵гġ
ͼ˵ģ᲻ףȻѾһУԲŻ᲻ŶԸǣתȥ޲ͨ
ǰƣǰǰĵһ⡣
˼ǵıͼҪһЩ칬ǿķֻͨڲĽƲֹһƴȫٵǰƣֻ½еڶ
˽ҽ뵽칬ڲʱȫҲĵĲ࣬Ҳȥʲôˡ
һɲΪʲôһֱǽжˡ
ģа취
Ƭ̣ڿˡ
ͼĿУָ΢һƽɫĹâ
ǡ
ͼüͷ΢һɻĿ塣
ûж˵ֻһƹâΧĽƣһ̣һǿϤͼĸӦС
ǡϢ
ͼһھɫ
ĵƹâϵϢһ̺һ϶еĺ
ͼ֪ʲôʱϲɼϢġ
ǿĴڣҪϲɼһƺ¡
ʥµģ
Լ
ʥ¼ķǱʹǿлʥʶҲʥʳɹɼһƺҷӡ
ʥжϸἰ


ڶǧʮ ͵컻գ֮ͨ
ƭƣǿд
ͼķӦ죬ʲô
ţʱȣΨһİ취ˡ
һ侲
µĽƣôṥ죬αװķδز˳ͨ
ǣʧأ
ͼ
ƵͬСɣ˵Ľֻһּ裬ʧ˵Ļ¾嶴쾳ΪҲҪˡ
ĬеΣ᲻ףѾûбİ취ˡ
ô֪أ

һ̣һһ̥ӹƿնܿ콫Ϣ˵һ̥С
ˣ
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬һ̥ϢʧϢڵһ̥ڲɢڸסԭϢ
ǲ
Ƭ̣üͷʥµϢʵǹ΢籭ˮн㣬ʵ޷󣬸޷ȫαװ졣
һһװ˵ĳ˴һͯ·ôŬܻ׽⣬ôҲײȥ
֮ʯǷзת
Ƭ̣ͻȻͨԺе֮ʯ
֮ʯӵкǿתǻѪǣԷ붼һ̶ȵҪɱĽƣֻ֮ܽʯ
֮ʯһƬĬƬ֮Ϥ
޷ĿʹǿԽڵȫתͬʵ
֮ʯĻظȴΪʧܿ죬֮ʯһתͻȻ˵һ
ֻתϢȫ⣬Զִ֮һ̶ϵĿЧޣ޷ɣ
㹻ˣ
ϲ˵ֻҪɱЩƵķҪȥ죬ıϢ˵͵ͬ졣
ִٵ壬ִУ

ˣ
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ͼĿУĵһ̥Ȼһ䣬еϢȫʧȡ֮ȫȴһȫµ
һգ۵ʱ䶼һȫµġ족ͳͼǰ
˼飡
һĻͼƤо̾ѡ
Ϣ仯αװˣһʵͼҲô⡣
Ѿαװˣıһ졣
ͼǼģΪˣŻӾֶ̾Ρ
ȴûô࣬Ϣϵı仯֮󣬵һ̥ƿն֮㣬ӭϷơ
һǧɣ
ɣ
ɣ

ԽԽͼԴռеСʶס˺ϷҲԽԽš
¡
һִ£Ȼھһ̥ʮĵطǿֲ׵֮󣬾Ȼֱһĺɫ֣Ļŷľѡ
Ȼˣʼȴûһڵһ̥ϡ
ʮɣ
ʮɣ

ֻһգۣĵһ̥ͬͶְ㣬û뵽ͷϷӴ칬Уʧ
ɹˣ
˻Ųѵʱȴһ
жȷģЩǿ칬ƣûа취ֱĸˣֻܸϢжǷǵˡ
ֻҪ׼αװϢܹе칬ơ
ߣ
Ƭ̣ٻ˵һ̥Ȼ編ƣѸٴֲƣһ·칬ľͷȥ
һأأأ
жûдΪԼµΨһͨ칬ڲҲԶֹһǿơ
ЩƵʣõ󷨶ͬȴͬ߱صĿֲ
뵽ҽ֮ƣαװķֻľеҲԳɹִﾡͷ칬

һƣ廹ͼһࡣ
ڿǰ칬ˣٶʱڣõ׷
ͼԭࡣ
û˵ֻǵ˵ͷ
쿴
ͻȻ䣬Сʵ˶
˳Сָķͷ̧ͷȥֻ֮ͨ·ͷڲĶڲ֪ʱİ͸ľĴɫϸȥȻһƤ·
Ľľ
ͼ̾һͻȻڵ
һɲǣЩΪʲôЩżϽͨ칬ڲ֮ͨΪľһͨȷȷʵʵһž޴ʥڲ
ͼܹоľŨϢ
ڵ칬ضвȱģûв´ڵͨ칬ԭӣҲڹŴ֮Ϊľԭ򡣡
Ϊ칬ȱźȻʱ򷢶칬Ѫʦ
ܴɫͨȻ֮뵽ʲô
˵Ҫͨ칬ʵֳһûдоĶԶֹˡ
ԭ򣬶ܳΪΣƵɡ
ߣӦòཫͨ޲ȫˣҪʱ価칬ڲ񣡡
Ϣһŵ
һ·ϣɫͨһ·޾ͨ衣
˵ĸ֪У칬ǹɶصģǿҵʱղҲԽԽ
칬ѾԶˡ
˿쿴ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ͼ׼ӿٶȣһ·ֱͷʱСʵͻȻС
˶һܵ˹ȥ
֮ͨ·ڲǺ֮⣬ܽ룬ʮֱ̫һȨޣǺܿ죬ͷ˶ߡ
ھǧɿĵطɫֳͨһӰֻǵӰϢޣǻˡ
ⲻܣ
廹ûڣһԵͼһΣȳ˶ȥܿ죬Ҳȥ
֮ͨ·ڲȷʵΨһģǰͨڣһӰ߹ڲϥϵҲΪϣǱҲ峯ġ
͸΢ЦȻԵã͸һɰ⣬ĿһƳձʣһƺдʲô
ֻѾκеϢȻѾȥܾá
κˣϹϸ죬ڴˡ
ͼһУʹǱᡣ
Ǳϵֶǹ׭壬ͼǻҳѧӣЩȻѲס
ֻǿһۣͼʱ΢΢üͷ
ӦһκʱڵĹˣ졭û
ж˱ΪֻԼһˣû뵽ͨڻܿˡ
ܹ뵽ĲǷ֣֮ͼδš
ӦǵҸһκѰ֮ʢУӦþ֮һ

ǣʦӣ˵칬ƽῪţҲѽ롣
ͻȻԴռڵСʲڵ
һ䣬ͼüʱӹһ˿
칬Ȼ򿪣룬ܽԼŬʹȻʵϣΪ֮
֣ӦöԱΪӣôһ˵ʬڴˣºҲûдҪǣΪʲôҪһ˽룿
ͼüͷڵ


ڶǧʮ أټ
ȻȥܾãϲϢͼȷԷΪǶ쾳ףܹﵽּκʱǶ֣Ƕ˵δˡ
ĸ߰ʮֱ̫ԵӴ칬иκǿߣΪ壬λ
ȷʵŹ֡
üͷͼ˵ģҲоˡ
ȷʵûɷ˽ôȻԭ
ͼнӹǱʼǡϸһ£嶼Ǽ¼ֹżѰҵվšľһֱִĵεΣ֮ԵΪ԰ȻԼĳɾͺǽ
һ˵ʼնڹûԼʲôط
ˣ
ʱһӺ󷽴
ͼһʲô
Ϲˣ
ͼɫࡣ
ߣ
Ҳ֣࣬һͼСٴϷȥ
һ·ϣ֮ͨ·ڲֵӰԽԽ࣬ÿһξ붼ܿһʬ붴еĹˡ
ЩˣеǵʿеǹŴʿе磬һףսϵ佫
ЩͼüͷԽԽԭΪ롱˵ص˲࣬ʵʵȴ˵Ĳ²ȫͬ
жʱ䣬⻹⣬ٵ˽˵أܣ°ˡ
ֻʱȣͼֻɨһۣûϸϸ鿴
ˣ쿴
֪˶ãСʵͻȻСͨУСƺ֣ƺʲô
æ֮Уͼ΢˳СʵķȥȻͷϷǧɴƺʲôҫâ֮ͨ·رĿ
ȥ
һΣܿ˳ǵ⴦
ǡͭƣ
սˣͼɨһۣʱüͷ
ͭƱԼͨУͭΧȴʬһ·˻ǵһο
ֹˣ˴սʱ򣬷о̺ͭһɼǿĿռƣԣĳ̶ֳȾȻ֮ϡ
ԣⲻʲôͭƣǻʵ۵ƣ
΢ӶȡơϾԶϵĽЩɶ˵Ҫȡһ֮̫ѡ
岢ûж˵ƷƱͼͼһΪʲô˵ǻʵõˡ
Ʊ棬Ȼžи֣ԣезֻצƱȫצ
ν֮ڹŴƵֻһˡ
ʵۣͳʳĻʵۣ
ֹˣϸȥͼһ棬ͼϸС壺
죬
ͼгģͨӵеģƵ˾Ƿ֮
˾ͼǼ֣ϲûбʶݵĶƵһ棬˷˼֡
ֹ꣡
ǡ
ͼüͷ΢壬ƺ뵽ʲôʶ̧ͷһ۶塣
Ӧþˡ
ƺ֪ͼʲô΢΢˵ͷ
ֹԼģֻһλˣۣ
ݣĻʵۺܶ࣬⡰ֹꡱصֻоһǧʵˡ
ݹλʵ۵һ뱲Ӷս
ֻƫһ磬λʵ۵ǻ֮ͼΣϡһ·չӴݡ
ӵӴİͼҲǽλʵ۵Ļϡ
λǧŵԡֹꡱ˵Ұ˼άΨһǣϵ̾λǧǰĶΪʲô
̫ӵ£˵Ҵأĵ伮Щ伮мعǶǿ𣿡
忪ʵ˵ʱĿһԵķ̫ͼ
ֶô֪
ͼԣȻʧЦ
ҲǽǰŲҪʰڵĶһ֪һ㣬һǧǰĶ˭֪һأÿֻܻߣл̫ʷصĵ伮лжߵΪʲô书𣿱Ĳ˵㾴λ̫ң¹˰֪жߵΪˡ
ͼ
ȷʵ
ͼ˵ȤҲʧЦڣЩȷʵʱ
λʵֹֻӵһ书ĸʲСҺʱ¡ʢ֮ڻҪǿöַ࣬ʿһ컯ΪûйʵֻͱµĴ췴ĳλˡһ˵ӦñȺܶĻҪǿ٣Ӧò֮¡
ͼ˶٣ЦݣѵһΡ
ĬȻһɲ֪Щʲôֻһ˲ͻع
߰ɣطԶĸӣһָо˱ĻҪ࣬ǰһи

һ·ǰƬַ̣µ
ˣ쿴
Сָǰһط
һµģ֮ǰδֹľ޴֣õĹ׭壬һ絶䣬뵽˴ɫĶС
֮ͨ·Ķ̺ӴӵĿռṹԽ͵֡
ԷΪȻ߳
ʵ࣬󽫾ɾѰĸˣ
һԣͼգϵ֡
һ䣬˻࿴һۣӶԷпͬ𶯡
ֲûʲôر𣬲Ҳ˲Ϥ֣ʷû̫֣ӦòͳľҲںߵı⽫͸¶ϢȴκΪ֮𶯡
ĸѵ˵Ǽ£
ͼͻȻƳĬڵüͷƺĳһ
¾Ǵˡ
ƺ֪ͼ˵ʲô˿϶
һ·ڳ˺ܶණʷжκἰҲ޷ȥ׷Ѱ
żأգڳлԡ£ȼ¯ѣƬ̣ĸ
̾ϢһͻȻһιżϵݣ
˶ΪǴ˵벻Ȼġ
ǣӦú˵ЩżЩ룬Щżϲûºɳ˶Ѱĸټ
һ㲻ӭ֯Ū飬ôĸô£һߣۣĸô£ҪûǴĻһλӣӦ˵ʮֱ̫Ȩӽ칬ܶ칬ֶ֪Ǽ۵ʲôˣ
۷ӭһεʣҲһ̸ͼ忴һͷβƭ֡
νԷģȻҲʲôɾͥˡ
µ̫٣Ҹһǧ꣬ʱʵ޷ȣĸ˭ضǧ˿ƵϵӴֻۣҲͼı
˼Ƭ̣ڵ
²ÿһĿȷ꺺ӭ񣬱ضҲˡ
ǣλʵϵõʲôأ׵ĶϲŶԡ
ͼüͷһ˼


ڶǧʮ һؽ
ûпڣԺȴ֮ʯܾ֮ǰ¶Ϣ
û⣬λǧǰĺۿҲ֮ʯᵽǸʲô壬ӦҲ֮ʯƵƬ
ֶֻŻ죬£Ūһλ׵ĵ
ֻΨһ޷׵ǣ֮ʯᵽľŸУڼţ
Ļֻ
󽫾
ٴɨһ۶ϵ֣΢΢ȴ뵽ʲôܿ죬һɨסͼѸǰȥ
߰ɣӦÿ׷ˡ
ĿϷ֪Ϊʲôָо칬ڲĿкܴ룬ֹˣѾо֮ͨ·ľͷһЩµģͬĶڵȴ
ҴϢжϣƺкܴͬ


ֻƬ̣ХһӴͻȻͷϷɶֵк£¡¡ͬһʱ䣬һӴ̺˵ĸ֪С
СģµĽƣ
ͼһݣͻȻͣ½ŲϷ
ͷϷӽ֮ͨ·ĳڴһ޴Ľɫι֣ޱ޼ʣסڡ
ǽɫĽƱƸɱʶģ̺ŴĹ֣ŷһɹļµ
˭Ҳû뵽ڴǰн֮칬ڲȻơ
Щԣ
ܿ죬ͼƺоʲôüͷϷһɡ
ƿܲԾ˵ΪʲôͼֱĳϢʣ֮ǰĽƽȻͬ
Ҳо𣿡
ʱӶߴ
ݣ
Ƭ̣ͼСʵĿУѸ۳һҽ֮ʯܿתϢ
ǹ󣬷۵糸ܿûͷϷޱ޼ʵĹϽɫС
䣡
ͬһʯ׹ˮɲǼ䣬ͷϷĹϽͻȻһɹɴĻɽ緢ͻȻбŷ
꣬ǰΧڣһռ˲䱻һΪֽͬƬ˺ѿƬƬĿռ仯ΪһƬڰޡ
ͼͷƤ顣
󷨵֮֮ߵб𣬽ƱŷѾͼֶǿ߶в
𶯵ģǽ֮ı仯
𣡡
ǻԵŷ֮ǿĽƱ棬Ʒһͷ޴ţͻȻӽ˳
һɫӽƱЩצۡȫʵʣ㣬ֹˣЩÿһ̼֮ͲƱ棬һƬһּǿҵӾ
ǡ
³ǻҹУͼʱҲ𾪵˵
ݣʽ΢ǰǲʱϵ󷨽ơ
ƾȻų
ʱСҲ˵ˡʵĿǰ˼ˡ
ͼûпڣ˵ȻҲע⵽һĻôⶼԲû˻ųԼĽơ
Ϸ˼һУһ˲ۣ׼ٴγԡ
һ£
ʱͼС
䣡
Ĵһһ۵糸˲䴩գû뵽֮ͨ·ͷĽУһ׼һ鷢ˡ
ԭڵĽƽͼǹҲţ뺣ʧӰ٣ûм̷ƽ˾ͺͼûгһ
طԽԽˣ칬ôвĽƴڣ
ͼ
˵֮ǰֻǴϢжϣоµĽƣôڣͼ߳ϵİգⲻµĽơ
û˵ͬüͷ壬
˵Ϊʱ磬˵ǲǵжʲһжȵȷ˵
Σ侲
¹ϵʦգʱ岻һ˿һ⡣
ˣ
âһĵһ̥ƿնѸû뵽ϷĽУһգۣͬһĵһ̥ȥٴγǰϿһ糣ˣͺͷϷǵƸڰ㡣
ɲǼ䣬˿Ϸþ˵
˵֮ǰֻƶϣȻȷϣƲǵġ
˵ͨȫ˵ͨ⵽ô£
ͼϷԻѡ
û˻ԼΣյ壬˵ͬˡ
칬ı˵Ӧʹָһ㣬칬ʲô
ǰһĻΣǲӦ÷ġ
ң˶֪˹ϵǿߣƲʲô
ʲô˴ܹͣĸ֮УӴ󷨣
ЧģζţȻһֱûа취뵽Լı֮У
Ϊǣͣѵƣ
ڤڤУͼ֮ǰ˵ģ칬ȱݵģǸʱǺףͼȴȷɣǰƴĽƲġ칬һ˼⡣
һǺܴܴ⣡
칬ֽƣҪѪˣ˵Ϊ˽칬
ûпڣͬ顣
ͼֱһ̣Ÿо쳣ģ忴Ǹκˡ족һ𣬾Ѿ̵ĸо칬кܴ⡣
˵⣬˵ȴ˵ǻᡣ
ˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬Сʵ𣬹âһСʴԺıԴռӱͻȻԻԡ
ͻȻľ˵ע⡣
ôˣ
忪ʵʶŤͷ˹ȥ
СһֱڱԴռУͨʶ˽⻹һΣԻ壬ڡ֮ͨ·ĿռС
֪ΪʲôܸоϤ
СɫأͷϷڵ
ˣ
ⷭѸ˵ע⣬ͼ΢𣬶Ťͷ˹ȥ
ǰƣ

һԵͼҲ¶˹עɫ
ûУ
СҡҡͷͬԻѣ
ֻǾСвֵϤȻǺܶࡣ
ϸ룬𣿡
ͼʱҲ
Сܹ˭֪칬׷ʲôԼ쵽ʲô
ʱ̫ˣ벻
СŬ˼ţһ
¡¡
ڼ˵ʱһǿҵĲӺ󷽴һݣ֮ǰںͨвµһƣֻҪͨͻᴥơ
ȻѾˡ
ˣʲô⣬Ƚ칬˵
˵һŷѸپͼСʣΪһûͷϷĽ֮Уʧ
䣡
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ʧ֮󲻼һϢ磬ɽ纣ʱԭվĵط
죡


ڶǧʮ ʵĴ˵
𣡡
ֵͬʱ¡¡ͷϷԭƽˮĺƴƣͺܵĳݼһٴ궯ֻһεĶҪ֮ǰ̽ʱƴĵöࡣ
Уһһ飬գУֹˣǧľÿһϸϸܵ£³׳Ļ棬Ʊ棬һ̺ŴĽģԼαգ֮ʹﵽĿľĵز
ƵҲͺоĴһ㣬̶ʱ䣬е̺ʹﵽ֮ǰĿ
ֱ̫ǿߣʱһĻҲȴս
һ˫ɫͫӳϷľһҲȻޱȡ
ߣ
һߣһϷҲѸʧˡ
еһУһΣȫ

һΣͨڵϢȻһ䣬һȻϢĴȻС
ͷʱҲڿͷϷһȦĳڡ
⡪
ͨ¶Σȫ¶𶯵ɫ

ص̻Իֺͣ׳ľ޴һһųǰְƻ׳۵ľκο˶Ϊ֮
칬
һ̣ףΪʲôķˡ
ǰǾ޴Ľ޴ޱȣȫ˶칬ֵл롣
ȫʯ鱦Ĳɣ֮仹ƣÿһռ䶼˸ǳ貵Ĺâ
֪ǰһжģһԣһı˿ʱȻ̲סе𺳡
˼飡
һ̾˲ĳϷӶȥ
֪˶ãâһһ칬ıԵ
صɲǣһɹ⻬Ĵ͸˿˿˲ӽ´ͼɨһ۽½׵ʯ壬Ҳ̾
˪ѩ˳Ⱦĺûһ˿һʣĲڹжҵˡ
˵ǹУݶҲĲϣ
еǽˣʯҲһⲻ覴ãԵòô⡣
覴þͻֵȼ⴦칬Уȥȫĺͨ͸ޱȡ
ʯޱȣһǼֵǣȴǵѰĵذ塣
˴Ļֻ
ˣô󣬿濴Ҫö࣡
СʴʱҲڵ
꿴칬ʱȻҲо칬ܴ󣬵վ޵ģȻ뵽칬ڲͻоѾһˣһ޴ģտޱȵ硣
ָоѾȫԽ˳ǳ
ڽӣ˶ʱ֮ԲЧ
嵹һƽ
챾侳ǿߣڿռ֮ϵ裬κһ˶Ҫߡ
ڴ칬ʱȻֿռͨԲ֡Сڴ󡱵Ч
˵ʱͬڴ칬ǽ̻Ի͵Ĺһһ˼ĹͬĹÿһʮ֮ߣ̤˾˵Ĺһ㡣
ڤڤУ嵹ЩطΪʲôʱᱻΪ硱ˣ
칬ıȻע˴
ָоΪһһԪǿڣطܾܿЩĩʱڵϢ֮ء
˵ӲκմȾ칬ֱ̫˶Ե룬ӴĹȺ˹ģһڲռ䣬опĳʱйˣ롢
ԾӣܶżжйĴ˵˵ڹȥĳԪĺпｨһġͥ
ЩͷԺзӶһֻһ˲ͻع
طԽԽûʣԽǿѪȡ
ΪάӴתڹȥʱ컹֪Ѫ˶޹ࡣ
߰ɣʱ䲻֮࣬ڣһҪҵ칬ĺģ취ƻ⣬ҶСģѾ칬ڲк̺ܿܶͽƣɴ⣡
һ˿ĹâŲȥ
ͼ˵ͷҲСһȥ
칬续Сһ·ǰȥ֪칬ڲΣأȴȻ̲סܵľɫ
һ·ǰʮɵľ룬ϣǽѩİʯڣһ˿˿İɫڵƲɢеԽͬɾһ㡣
Сģ
ͻȻ䣬ͼüͷһ壬ͣ½ŲĿ̺еĳƺʲô
ͬһʱ䣬ҲŤͷ˹ȥ
նʱý
ʱû˸Ҵ⡣
ݣ
Ȼֻһ˲һΣ˵ݶƺиӦλ÷Ӷȥ
塪
һĻͼҲΪ㵣Ҳû뵽徹ȻֱӾͷݹȥˡ
˵Ƭ̣ͼҲѸٸȥ

ӿΧ̺ҲƮɢ࣬ͼȥ̺еĶʱҲסˣ˵
⡪
칬֮нأеĸ֪ﶼܵͼҲֻǸоǰжҲû뵽̺еľȻǼİӰ
֮ΪˣǲʵģΪ⼸ȻŲ£òǵڣϢޣûаϢȻȥʱˡ
⼸ںʯϣΧһʯ̣ʯݺύڷһſźڰӣ˶ģһԹۣ۾ȫ֮С
ǵѱ䣬ܰ㣬һ
ǣȥʱ⼸ȴʯһ㡣
ˣ⼸˺֡
һС͸Դռ䣬ͬڴǰ⼸Ӱ
ȷʵ⣬ôⶼǼͨˣôģ
ͼüͷ
һ·Ⲣǵһοһ칬Ĺˣ⼸ˣȴ֮ǰκһ˶Ȼͬ
ͼ컯쾳Ĺ򣬾ܵ칬ѹƣǷֱһ˻᲻书ǿġ
ߺͨűʵȲ˵ǿȣӲԼĲ𣬷ǿߣΪӵԭھҪͨ˴׳Ķ࣬⼸ڣȫҲչļ󣬾ͺ;ʦоһģһ
˾书ҲǷǳ΢֮ͨ·һˣ˵ǽ칬ĸˡ
⼸ôӦó
ȷʵܹ죬ǲܡǵѱκʱڻҪϣӦںҪûǴĻӦЩżᵽ顣
ͷһ˼
˵ÿ£
ͼһ漴뵽ʲôڵ
Ȼǰ̫ӣͼűʵ˵ܣͼʫ飬ѧŽֻһᣬʲô
Ӧòɣÿ˵һԷ뵽졭硭
ͼϣϾ̫ˣǻһڣͼԼʹסˡ
硭
칬
˵Ĳǰ


ڶǧʮ ǧǰĴԽߣ
ֹˣǰźڰݺύ̣ͼǾ仰˻ȥ
ǹÿ˵һԷп壬ʱ䣬õ˶֪ôԷմϱߡ
ͼ
˵ʱĿʶƳһ۹ˣòϿʮ߰ģͷۣлһǸ޸֮
ÿԶǰ˳Ϲϵ
Ҳÿֻһ£縹صҲֻǸԷͬδҲֻһΣԷ򲢲þǵһ˵صˣһ

ҲͰˣһԷ룬ʲô
ͼһɻ
żȫ¼ʷҲкܶഩ丽֮ԣЩ־ְĹ£к֮֮ܶģ˰Щµɲ෹̸롣
ǲͼ壬ڶףܶ񻰴˵Ȼδغ͹żмصһģһҲԭͺͳȫĿ롣
Ͳ֪ˣǿԿ϶һһʱǳѰģԲŻͨ˽˵أңôһųֵɡ


ӿΧĵģ⣬ûˡ
ǰ⼸ͨȻŹ죬Ƕ˵ģҲźڰݺ̣ʿ棬һ΢Цꡣ
徭꣬ʶĶѱ÷ǳᶨǿʱ̲ס
ǰ꣬κ˶ȻͬΪҲҪڵʱȴźʱĴͷ
ֹˣͶĵʿԼһԵͬϻһϮܳʱġ׳ţп㣡
ôܡ
һֻԼ
ıƽɲ
һ磬ϵϤˣֻǸֽˮŻֵš
һֱ嶼ΪԼΨһĴԽߣǺ彥֣־ƺԶֹһܾ˾ʥʾ֮һ
ǰһ΢Ц꣬һ
ֻʥʲͬͷ꣬ԺԼĳӽӽ
ӵƽʱգ岻֪ǷԼִͬᣬ˵ֻɺϣЩȥ̫ãѾ޷ȥ׷Ѱˡ
ҲԶʷĳ֮С
һȷţȻԵõ΢ЦȻѾ磬ǵʿҲһ̸ġ
ֻϧеһжһ̡
죬㵽ʲô
һ˿ɫ
ͼ˵Ĳÿ£ԷֻǸƺĵʿ˵ȫû˿ֵǸӦó
ΪĿ꣬Է̶棬ǸŴͷһ΢Ц꣡
Ŀģ
˺֡
ʱһӶдͬʱСʺͼҲע⵽װꡣ
˵κ֣
ͼ˵ţһ죬ǰİ׳ϣժһ͸Ŧۣ
֪ʲôϣǽҲʯ𣿻ǰĳԪˣ
ͼ˵ʱĿⶢ꣬첻ѡ
ɡ
ɲĻӦһԸ϶˵
Ƕ磬Ƕͼ˵ԽߵĴڵڶȻһܡ

һȥ
ʱȣ뿪ҵ칬ĺģ
ͼԥһ£ȻЩ֣ǺܿĽŲֻһ˾ʹԾƺŸȥ
칬ԵĽ˺ܿͿǰ˵ڶ޴Ĺ㳡
֮ǰͬ㳡Ӵ󣬷ΧҲ㣬õĲҲϡʯ϶һƣǶ觡顢ʯİɫҲԽŨܡ
ȥ̺ڱա
ô£оǰЩ̫һ
ʱͼüͷһ壬ͻȻڵ
ǽ칬ڲӦ÷Ϊһһ֮Ϸָ
˼ܿ쿪ڵ
δ䣬ܿ쳯ǰȥֻˣ𶯣ȻͬĲ²⣬ܿ죬һľ޴󵭽ɫϰεض𣬺بǰ
ϳ֣ǰ򳹵׷롣
汻˵ˣ칬ڲƺϸ򻮷֣ھ󲿷ֵ˵Ҫͻϲס
ͼ
Щϡڽ濴ûʲôر֮ʵϣͼĸ֪УĵɫϺ칬Ϊһ壬ǿй͵ڹ칬ԹƲ˵»ܵ൱̶ȵķ
ͼּǿ˵̶ֳȵĽȻֹˡ
ˣ
ûһԵͼֱŲ칬ĵڶ㳡˽ȥ
쾳ǿƿʱգͨĽȻ谭ֻһԽһˮĻ㣬ܿ촩Խ˽ȥ
飡
صɲǣһһɲһȻĸ֪Сһüʱӹһ˿Ӱ
ôʲô𣿡
ͻȻһһϸ΢죬ͼϣһ·ߵԡ
ҡҡͷҪڣһ̣ĿƳ̺ƤһȻӿŲ˹ȥ
ھʮĵطһںĶʯϣһ㣬ǺںĶεضУɲǼ䣬һֱĽдд
ǡƬ
ͼɨһۣһ˫üҲ
ĵƬֻаƴС滹о·ЩΪס
һǰ̫ӣһǵԪ˧Ϥ廹ͼעĶױһЩ
﷢սҺܼҡ
ͼƤ£ײ׸Ҽ㸯ҲΧƬ䣬ֱһƬƵףҪǣƬϣͼܶڴвŻµĺۼ
ѵΪ칬᣿
ͼԥ
֪칬ڲκ鶼пܡ

칬кǿĸ˾Ҳ޷̽鵽̫ණһ̣ȴЩףΪʲôո̤Ƭʱ򣬻оΧһ
һ·ǰ̺У˷ԽԽսĺۼԽԽסɢڵأ󷨵ļӲʯҲײĺۼ
һʯϣһɳľ޴֡


ڶǧʮ ھȥ
ͼ࿴һۣüͷ
￴гƬƺûر֮ʵϣǰһжһӴһ֡Щͨ£ڲصǳǧӵ󷨡ġ
Ҫ칬ڵĵ˳֣ٵ΢Ϊ
֮ǰ칬Щˣǰĺۼ⵽ķ𣿡
ͼͷһ˼⡣
˵ϾѾ칬أ֪һжǻԡ
ӹһ˿
һ·˷ʯϺܶطѪΪʱѾɺԷڣĽܵʲôȻЩš
ͼ߾裬Ųĺۼһ·룬Լʮ˲һ·֡
ǵɿĵطϣһȫף佫ģɵڵأǲźɫѪʹŤֻֻؿڣţʹգ䣬ȻѾȥʱ
ΪѾȥʱ䣬佫ҲΪʬ֮ǰ֮ͨ·Ĺһģһ
Ǻ佫ǰ˾޴ʹ࣬ˣ࣡˷ģ
ͼɨ˼ۣڵ
佫˫ŵĵطһطĽð˳ȻǱ˴ӺϮ͸ࡣ
쵰һ֯ˣ
СʴʱͻȻڵ
ҲˣͥĴ˵Щս֣һ򾡡
ͼ
Щ˵ͼһ㶼⣬ϾѪһǳصôں˵ֻΪֹûǸŵĴ𰸣
ЩҪʲô
ͬŵǾ佫ʬ壬֪ΪʲôǸоЩԾ²ͼ˵ô򵥡
һ·룬ĺۼԽԽ࣬ʬ嵹ڵϣЩ촦֫ϱۣɢĿľ
ÿǰ˼ʹ࣬ΧֳصҲԽԽŨء
Ƭ̺󣬵˵ִ㳡ǰһĻ塢ͼСʣ˶סˡ
ǰڣƬƬʬ嵹ڵϣЩ˶ףܶ˶佫˶ˣЩʬлഩűµķʿԼߣһ˸쵹ڵء
˸е𺳵Ļ
Ƭ򣬲佫Ƿʿǿߣһڱ˴˻ಫɱ佫佫ʿͷʿʿ佫˶ȫԸʩչƽǿȥɱ
ÿ˵ɫʹࡣ
һ·˶Ϊ⵽֯ķȻ˭Ҳû뵽ȴڻɱ
ûиΪҲûμÿ˶ϮϮĶ
һɱ¾ûκһ˻
˾սϴ񣬼ֲпĳ棬Ѫ龰Ҳ̲סдޱȲҵĸо
Ѿȥһǧ꣬˶һĻ
ǵʶңѾֲңǣɱ
ͼһĿ
ͬӪҲͰˣ佫佫ʿͷʿߺ߱˴˻ɱֲأܿţǶ龰˶İ
棬ƾʦ԰Ƶ˿ڱַʽ칬Ӱǡ
Щ˿ȻɱʵϣҲС
忴ЩʬĿһ·Сʬھʬ߰ĵط˶ע⵽һ߶صӰ
ڵأͷɢͷУĿ⿴ǰಫɱˣϵ׶ѾƵܶطܿĺۼȻǰҲ˼ҵķ
ȻλܸߣϵĿ׺˲ͬӻ¡󣬲Ҳˡ
ԣ˶˼ʲݣּ
ȦףȦףеһжı
Ǽּƺþȫ͸һɼ䱯ߵĸо
⼸֣̾Ϣһ
ЩУֻѵġ
֪ǰһжԾֻЩǰɱʲôˡ
ֱԼУ±лҪʹࡣ

̾Ϣһͼ佫߲ǰȥֻھʱƣ佫Ƥ˫ʹ

һ·ǰŸոճƬҵɱǰֳܿһЩ¶
һֻЩȸЩ˵Ĵʬ塣
жʮɸߣ˫չﵽʮɣվĽ£ûһצӴ
ֻڵذϣȻȥʱ
ʲô
ͼͣ½ŲǰСɽľ޴ʬһԾ
֪ȷʵЩ졣
Ҳüͷ
һ·˿Ķ˵أݸĹʬ壬ֻʬ롣
Ǳ߻һʬ塣
ʱ·֡
ʬһ࣬һʬ
һ£ǳᣬֻжʮңǳӽ֮ǰʬ岻ͬϿ˿ʹ࣬һ΢Цһ緢ĸо
ЦݿԳƵϡ
а
ƺûκζԻܡ
󽫾ھȥڴˣ
ǰһдɷ裬磬ӳ
䣡
ŵɷ裬ӳⷽٵּͼһ͵ɲ
󽫾
ھ
ȥ
һ̣ҲԳ֡
ھȥǸһһ۹˶ãֶԶκΪ֮ݡ
ڸûбԺյĴڡ
ѵʱͼԵĺ۵ʥʣպյ൱յ̫ٱãôո֮Ļȥǽյ壬ǻΪһͳµ塣
󺺽ȥǺǳ貵Ľǡ
Ĺâ͸ʱգսȻʧɫĹâǹȥǧ꣬δǧ꣬˶ڸǵġ
Ҫǣպչڸʱֻʮ꣬ͽյںܶ෽涼ơ
ҲʱͻȻһЩһЩбĶҲͻȻ֮֮ǰ֮ͨ·ʱЩԾˡ
ʵ࣬󽫾ɾѰĸˣ
֮ǰ֮ͨ·ڿֶӳԺС
󽫾ԭǸָĻ󽫾ǻȥֻǵʱʱæټ϶Է˵ĲǺ岢ûⷽȥ롣
ǰǻȥô֮ǰ佫пܾλˡ
ǣôܡ
ʱͼ𺳵С
ʷأԪ꣬ȥںһɨūʱӢţڼʷй۵ģô
ͼһ𶯣ʱ̫ϻʸϵĵһαλ󺺵۹°ҫǿյ󽫾
ֻлӶȥĵһΣΪԭ򣬻ȥӵзǷķ
ͼôû뵽λ֮ӵ󽫾ھûʷصĲ


ڶǧʮ ӭ
ĬȻͬĳӿ
ͼ˵᲻֪֪չżأȥλȥʱ򣬺ۻΪףޱȡ
ݣл̫ʷǷǳϽģʷأضȷ£ȻҲͼе𶯵ԭ
һϸ룬ʷϼصĻȥζ
Ƭ̣ͻȻڵ
Ȼ򲡡
ͼʶһѿڣȻֹȻԼҲо˲Ծ
ʷأȥӢΪλ󽫾ͨҲͰˣǡ
ͼƳһǰǵӰڵľԺеľ磬ԼȱĶģǸһ֮ıū۹֮ƣһָǸǧǿ˵ĹھȻӵһʥΪĳ̶ֳϳڵ塣
׿ԽľǿߣȻΪһȾȥ
δ̫ˡ
˼֪ͼѾ׹
λ󺺹ھĸʱգڰϧʱ򣬶ʵһֱ飬ڼ֮٣һλ󽫾սȻͨǿ˵ȥͳҪⲫôΪּԭȥ
ʷдǰºʹ֪ȥԶ
Ƭ̣ͻȻڵ
칬ðȥ壬ܣǰ˾Ļȥ
ʷأȥʮͱУǴǰֻȥԶӭ񲻾ãȻɳ󽫾ȥһ֧飬Ѱĸν硣
ǳأҺ۲̫֪֪жض
ͼ¶˼ɫһ߻
ȻںҲӵкǿȥӦֻɳȷ棬溺̽·ģǿºҲû뵽ȥ֮ͨ·ȻҲûл
ӹͼĻͷһ𻺻ıɽһǡ
籾һıԺ۵Ȼܵȵȥ
и⣬ȥıôȥʱ򣬱Ȼǿչף۱ȻѾȷȥһ㣬̫ʷǲǴģǣ۵ο϶ȥˣҪ֪ʧٺȫͬģ
ͼüͷ˼
ûпڣֻǺͼ࿴һۣһҲ뵽ˣؼڹżмصĺ۱֡
ȥʧˣ߲֪٣ֻόȥѰңĸִĺȴȫͬ
ȷȥǲֱֵġ
һ㣬ȷһ̵ĺ۾¶
һȷʵǸţǺۺͻȥ֪ǧ̸۶ڻȥҲԶԶκ˵ģҲ֮ضĳصϵ͸Ӧʽֻ۲ƶϳȥĽ֡
Ƭ̣ɨһǰһ΢ЦаޱȵĹھ
㲻ʱ̫źˣǲѣȻġ
ΪǧǰĴ棬˸ľţǧ꣬λĴ󺺹ھҲһ۷ʺ
Щطһ벻ףۼȻҪʵ̽ĸΪβǰȴɳ˻ȥǰ棬֮󲻾ãͷ̽ĸ磿
ҪǣԻȥͨΪҲû뿪칬Ȼ˽µжأʵһжƿ֮Уܹ֮磬жãǽġ
쵽ͼıʲôۺͻȥϵʲôҪģĸȥӴۣ
ͼ
Ϊܺʥһ£ܹʥѹˣͼ˼άͼΪ
һ̣ͼλǰ̫ӣҲֻǰأ̫̫޷͵Ķˡ
ĬԺȴǴ˷
߰Ϊ߸ϵġۡ˼ĵͽȻ벻ķۣⲢ˵ûҪġ
ǡǡ֪õĶ
һɲǣ뵽ʲôȴʲôҲû˵
ĸǼٵģڿĹ¿ġ
ĿһתĿܿӻȥתƵһԵȸ˵ɫϡ
ǰ˭뵽Щ񻰵Ĺ¾Ȼġ
ͼʱҲп
˸һִע⵽Ļһ£󽫾ȥһСɽľ
˭뵽ֻСɽľȻǵ꺺ԡӭӵ
ֻͻȻЩΪʲôĺͼԣӢ䣬ȴɽΪˡ
ڴδӴֻ˵ȷʵ˼Ҳֻд˵еġ硱ܴˡ
ˣֻ˵ĸоϤ
ԴռеСͻȻڵ
˵֧ʳľ޾𣿡
ͼƬ̣ͻȻڵ
ͼҲŹʳ˵ľ޾ţ֧ľŴƺʹʳǳսѴݡ
š
˵ͷȻ˶뵽һˣ
ﲻӦóֵģȫԴʵǸ̫ؾ;߱
֯о߱Զֹһλʳľ޾ڴʳ˾֯еһԱ̫֮⣬֮ǰ˼̫ͬҲ߱ЩӴľǾ˶
һж壬Ψһҵǣ촴ֻĿӦòڻȥںۣպӦòûϹ
ͼ̾Ϣ
ȥȥ֮󣬺Ȼ˺ܾãеľжǸˣ˵ȻûдﵽĿġ
²ѹۡ
ûж˵ӻȥʬԾһ·롣
ܿ죬ڶؽƣͼѸٽ칬ڲӡĵƬ
ˣ
˸һ̤˫һһӴѹ籩һǰֹˣ˵ĸ֪УƬһƬɱһɹɱݺύ絶գͼ࿴һۣɫʱ˲١
ط칬һսǿҵɱ⡣
ͼĵתһɹӿ˫ƣ΢΢ǿʱ˳ֵ׼
ͼһָоǰ漸ͬǷǳͬ
Сģ﷢սǳңǶǿ֮ս
Ŀ絶ա
֮ǰҲսȥЩǿ߱ڹ㳡ϻɱ״ңƬҲûиоɱ
ɱӹգֵĦƤϵĸоȫ̲סһƤ
ڽͼһȥ
ܿ˾ͷһЩǰһȫŽɫ׵Ӱڵϡ
Ȼǰ˼شϼӲױ֧飬ССƬɢΧĵϣеĳҲأУͽɳʮԶ
˵ĻǾ޴Ŀǿǰش͸˺󱳣͸̼ܿڵ࣬Լİʯ塣
£ӲĵҲ֧飬ֳѵĺۼ
ͼͣ˽Ųȴû֮ǰȥ鿴


ڶǧʮһ ϣ
Щ֣Ǵ칬ˣ
ͼŵʬ
ȷʵЩ֣ϵײκһģ̫ƽˣûʹ࣬ҲûзŭⲻеķӦ
ϸŵϵʬ壬رʬ
սĵطμ˼սÿһмʮ
սϣ̫̫ˣܶʱ򶼻оǿʹͬЩڵڶƬ㳡Ĵ佫һ
ǰʬ̫ƽˣϲޱͺ˵ĸһ
˫̫ڴͣڿն
ⲻһ˸еı֣Ը⽫֮Ϊܡ

ͻȻ֮䣬ĿɨǾʬ£ָһһ̣һ汻ǾʬѹµӦŷ˳
ֻһ㣬ͽöС

׭֣Ծ
ƣ˶ʱĬ
ˡ
Խ칬⻹˵һοĲ¡
ЩӦ칬֮еĿܣǵ־ѾᣬܵʲôĴˣоκʹ

Щ͵˴̫ʼпЩЩƣҲкܴĲͬϾͲһҲûеһʱϳԭ
ֹˣ칬ı֯˶ΪȻ˳ƴЩûиӦûʹܡ
һ·ǰ˼룬ԽԽЩ˵ʬɢڵƬıԵÿ϶⵽˼Ĵˡ
˺ǿʵһȭܹЩǰ򴩣׶֧飬ܲסʵʵǾˣҲ֪뵽ĵʲôˣ
ͼ
ϳ˴󲿷ֶǱգ̤壬˻ǵһܹΪɱһͨȫѹסǵĴڡ
ʵϣܹľƣһܺɱ˵Щ˵ʵ
ȻЩ˵ʵ׺ǿĿ¡
˵ͼһжһĺ棬֪ʲôܹЩ
һ·ǰͼеɻûг̫ãƬ̣ڿЩֲĶ֡
ڹ㳡ϣһʬ嵹ڼϡ
ϴһ׺Ȼͬĺɫףеıһɫؽ
ؽĽϿӿݣȱڣҲ֪նɱ˶ٶ֣ϸȥܹϺģŨģѾɺԵѪ
׺ɱڣʱҲսƣĴ󽫣Ҳ˼ӡ
ʣһ֧֮ʦֻʵǿ󣬶ηˡ
עĻڼͷĺ

΢΢üͷɫ˲١
ֻЧڻʹ
һԵͼͬڴʬ塣
ͷϲϺɫëʽĿףԺ󣬸ڵĴƶѾȫȡҴƵλεģر˻ľЩȻͬ
⣬ڴļأسкڣֺڼسǳձ顣
Ҳû뵽Ȼ﷢سʿ
ǲ׳ģһɲǣԺжӹ뷨˭Ҳûж˵ʲô˺֪ܿյˡ
һ룬Ƭ֮ڿƬս
׼ǰһĻʱҲܵ˼𺳡
ټսϣһ۾Ϳһ˾޴ս죬޴ϣһ׭ɷ裬Ŀޱȡ
սΧ˿˴Χɰǧۼţ廹˴޻½ữĺˣЩʧȥǣ˷Ľǰ
Ȼ˾̾ǣٵȴռϷ硣
Щ˷ĽЩȻзľһһУΧ˷ĹЩҲϸļɣ˿ҡ
֧ӣһ̾ͻףʲôĴʲôǼʿڸΪĻ֮ʦ
֧ϣо˿η壬޷ݻǡ
ֻǺη壬չ¶׺ݣ֮ͺ˶Ҫӿ¡
ҲʱͼͻȻףƬУݺύƥ絶ƽɱǴӺζˡ
ϵսɱ⣬󣬾ʱ䣬Ҳɢ
µʨΪʲôʵ̫ϳˣ
ͼǰһĻ𶯵
һ󺺳ҲͰˣͼû뵽ΪʲôһǧǰҲ
Σ֧Ӧóġ
һԣͬڳ˼ʱڱϾӭĹ£ȥ⵹Ҳܽܣعʵ벻ǸǧǰǿĴص۹֮䵽ʲôϵ
ϾżҲᵽس֮ʲôϵ
ЩͷԺзӶֻһ˲ع
ʲôǺ֪ܿˣ
Ųǰȥ
ĿԽǰֲսѾǰ
СĴЩʬ壬ڵƬĸͬʱҲսıԵ忴˼ɽͰΰӰЩȫף϶㣬սĺһſƺڹʲô
ϵЩؾ֮еλߵ佫
⼸Ӱ룬һĸߴһ׾ŵӰעĿ
˫Ŀ䣬ϿӦʮңȻȴɢ
פӰǰоһΡȻɽͽأǰκ˶ԿԽ
쾳ǿߣ
Ժжһͷ
˵Ϊ㲻̫ʼҲȥԶֻڲ֮䣬Ϊǿس佫Ƿ֮
еɻûгãžһժܿ佫ժһơ
䣡
⼸֣ͼǻһ¶𺳵ɫ
Ȼ
̧ͷٴǰߴΰӰھɫ
ϣ
ݣֻҪ佫¾ûв֪ҵġ
ʷϣ佫ҡ
ֺ࣬ĩ֮ʱç֮ԣ׸ıݵʷཫǰͺ̣̤ʷ̨
ɽв˳ɧꡱ仰Ҳ˵û˿ʷ̨ռǡ
ҲܳȮӣӢ䣬ֺУѧ̫ձˣԲӵ⼸֡
ݣھŹ֮Ҳź˵˵ˡ
ڴ֮ǰ仰ȴǷġ
Ȯӣ
ϴ䱾Ǵغպʮ˵ãͬ͸һλдʮ󶥼
ڱǣūºպսǧţͬʱҲΪ۵ıȥū˷ʡ
ֹˣĸǴص۹պĴ󽫡


ڶǧʮ ʼʵۣ
һȻλ󽫣ص۹Ҳֻдϣ壬룬ڣܹ֮
佫ҡ
ЩСѵΪ̤ս׼ʮѾɳͺκһǽȻͬġ
Ϊλ󽫵ĸףҲĴ󽫾ֵ̳ܽܣ˵ʵ
󽫾䣬ҪûмǴӦǴʼʶʮѾΪʲô칬У
ͼǰɽͰӰüͷ壬
ͼҲ̹ʥ˶سʷǳϤ󽫾սǺһ󽫾֣һܴؾСʱ࣬Ϊؽͳһ£Ӯ˹ؼһս
֪ʼʵۼݱǰѾҲȫĹâ˭Ҳû뵽λص۹ʮȻ
ΧһƬž˭Ҳû˵Ĭѡ
칬ԽԽˡ
һʷأ󽫾ʼʵ۶ʮ֮һ꣬ʼʵۼݱʱֵȶ
Ƭ̣ͻȻڵ
˵
ͼһ뵽֮ǰ󽫾ȥͺۡ
˵ͷʷʵȴȫ¼ʵ˵ף̫ʷҲֻǷӣֻܼ¼ԼģͬʱҲȫžӰ졣
ɼһ֧£û⣬ǿЩڼӦкܶѵվԵӦþ죡
ĿǰݣɽͰӰҲһɾ⡣
佫ΪսΪսȫûӵܺݶ͵뷨ս˵ʹҲ
ľˣ
ЩͷԺзӶһܿͱԺеһͷռ
󽫾ʼʵһͳ֮󣬽ʷ̨رֵ츳ƾŽܳľ츳ھѸȵһԾΪ󽫾ȫӰ죬͸ӲҪˡ
ڼȫ״̬һ˵˵ǡݡҲ֡
һѾݵĴ󽫾س̫ʷȻעĴشû飬ǾܵģӲ뿪۶
Ҫǣ˶֪ϼ廹縺һҪʹʵۣ󽫾Ҳζš
ĿԽ䣬Ѹ˺󷽣һɲʲô
գ
ŲƹǰɽͰӰʶǰȥͼᣬѸٸ塣
ں󷽣ƬĸڼЩعǵӰ
ͷᣬɫۣ£Ũܣǧʱ⣬ҲܸܵǹƺͿֲƣսӰǰҲз𣬲Ծе
ľеĵ
λʱ䲢ȴʱա֮ĵκˣ۲ŴԵĺҲ޷Խ
ֹˣӰʱ˶ʱ֪̤Ƭ֮ʣоǹѹͷ籩ϢԴˡ
ʼʣ
ʯ䣬Ժвɸֳ֡
Ȼû߹ȥҲûпκ֤ݵĶڿӰɲǣ֪ô󽫾ӰʷϵһĻʵۡ
ڴ֮ǰв٣ƻʵȴǴʼʵۿʼҲǴʼݲŵһе۹ĸ
ֹˣǰλǧŵ±Ⱥܶ˶Ҫǿö࣬ٴϢΪѾԶԶԽ֮ǰ󽫾ȥ
£˿ɵУ
ڤڤУԺһͷҲΪ֮ݡ
ʼʣȻʼʣʼʵط֣콵ʯ仰֮ʼζѲ̩ɽ;Ϊʬ帯ã鳼Ը餡󣬴شУ漴ѣط֣
ʼʵ󣬻Ϊɽ޽ȫϵۻʹ淶ûκ쳣ʼʵΪʲô
һԱߴͼվԣͬޱȡ
ʼһ󲿷ֶģλʵ۶սȤԶԶˣ칬еʼʲԽ˸е㵡
ʵʤ۱磬ʷμأһλӦþʼʵɣ

ǿģҲζŵԸ߸ѲʱѺ͵ĸһչףûлʵۣǺôĵӣ
ͼ
ǻʵۻǻӣľǻ¹ŪȨԸΪʷϺպָ¹ΪĴ鳼ΪʼʵûôԸߵľٶȺܶĻҪΪ
Ըʼʵ۵Ľʼʵʮأʼʵ칬ضȴܾãȷʼʵ۲ܻ˴󵨡
忪ڵ
ǰλһǧǰǸص۹Ҳ֮ǰ֣ܶ౻ʷҲ֮֡
ǣֻҪαװʼʵ۵һʬУΪʲôҪ㣿
ͼ
ĵطԸһʬð䣬ȵضʬļˣʼʵ׽ˡڹ㣬һԶžЩ˿ʬ¶̽飬Ҳ̫ϸҪǣǷŹеʼʵۣԸ߶Խ˾ܾǿ׵󡣡ֻΪڸǳζкܶ෽ʽΪʲôҪַʽ

ʻϣЩڸǳζȴζڸʬ֮ߣڻԸߵֵȶ
굽׷ʲôΪʲôԸߺʼһѲȴֻʼȴ칬ʼΪʲô쳶Ϲϵ
ͼüͷ
ܶ鵽˰˼⣬ڵζѲͳ칬֮䣬ͼоһοհףܶණȫ޷ϵ
û˵ͬ˼⣬һ̣ĿӹʼǰһӰʱͻȻһ첽˹ȥ
һͷʬ壬˲ͬǵӰڵأһϵĴŲǿףǺɫۣƺسķʿ
ĲϿյģôʼǰͷȴĵط
ˣһ򡣡
ʱСʵ𣬵ʿʱСʵעҲ֮ϡ
˰ڵأƽգһش
ž
һ㣬ʿеشС
츣ʼʵ۱¡
ϵһشС׭һԵͼжʱһƬȻ
츣
ǰ۷ʿȻǴǧͯͯŮʼǰѰɽ츣
չŴ˵츣ʼʵõӴʧ٣ҲûгֹǴǰ츣ˣ»˲Ϣ
ͼ𶯵


ڶǧʮ ʼ־
Ǻʹ˵ȥԶ˭뵽ǸΪƭӵķʿ츣Ȼ緵һʼʳ칬С
ûô򵥣ʼʵ۳ӹУ²ҵõ칬һˣʼʵ۵ֶܶȤʮа˾ţʼʵܹҵ츣ġ͡
ǰĺ۷ʿ
˼ǣ츣֯ᣬʼ
ͼüͷ
츣Ͳڵϣʼǰˡû⣬츣ҲǱõĶ󣬲ʼնͷ­
ɨǰһĻڵ
ʼʵ˫ڵϣӴ󣬰ޱȣϸȥǰѳϻѾڵѪҺȻ츣ͷ­ն¡
츣ϣҲоκʹ࣬Ȼ츣ĸԸΪԼĴڣֻǲʲô޷ıǵˡ
˷˸Ķ
˿ʼһöӵĺɫСӣɫСӵһһ֣һֻ֡ͳ
ʲô
Щ
Ҳʶ㣬ûеöСӡ
ҿһ¡
ͼнӹöɫСӣֻһۣʱƤһɫҲࡣ
̩ɽӣ

һʶͼ
ֶ㲻֪ǵ֮ȴв֪ġ
ԹŻȨ죬ΪͳУ²ѫܳߣ̩ɽ̩ɽ̳֮죬̩֮ɽ³أ֮Ƿ仰˵
һкܴļɻ䣬ҪܷġΪ书õ˹ϲſԡӹ񣬵ڣܹ̩ɽ޼ʼʵһҲһ̫ڻʵҲڶȰ̩ɽأս̫ھܾˡ
̩ɽϰԹžУʱڣֻ֪֮£ʽȴʧЩصͲʿ֪и˵ʼʵۼԣ̩ɽʽöӦþ̩ɽӣֶӦûʮһ
ͼ
û̫ҵĳ֣ѾǴƵˣ̩ɽÿһ룬ͼ᲻֪
ôһ˵Ҳˡʼʽͳһº󣬵ͽ̩ɽһζѲÿζƵ̩ɽʼʸȤĲ̩ɽҲ˵ǰμٽ趫Ѳ嵽̩ɽѰɷõѰ칬
д˷ܵͼҲ˺ܶණ
ʼͳһºʵһֱѰ֮ǳأ֪˾Բ࣬Ը߾֮һҲ֮һ
ʼʵζѲʱӦѾչõһЩϢԲԸӦǵȴܳһʱ󣬷ʼʽ칬ҲزԲŻᵨΪһ߿չ׻صٽʵּ⣬ɱص۹һƬҡ
ǣ츣Ϊʲô
Ʋͷʶɨһ۵츣ͷʬ塣
츣ǧͯͯŮִһ֧Ӵľӳ˴ʧں⣬˶֪ģ츣Ӧóں⣬ô
һж˶Ŀ츣ȥĲǺأ
ͼ˼Ƭ̣ͻȻڵ
ˣ
ͼһڣ˶һ
ôһжԽˡ
һ칬ǿƶģֻҪԸ⣬׵Ľյ
˼Ƭ̣ͻȻ
ͼԣҲƤһȷʵҲȫֿܡ
һ޷͡콫ʼʵʲô֮ǰǻȥʼʵۣµĽϵõʲô
ͼüͷ
鶼ǹģ֮ͨ·еĸ졢һƬ͵ʿڶƬĻȥԼƬʼʵۣͼܸоһϢϢء
칬ΪʲôҪǽ
Ȼͼһֱ˼⣬ȴһֱûд𰸣ָоĴ𰸺ܿܺεжм
һ࣬ͼĻҲ˼
黹Ժٲ飬Ƚ˵⣬칬ӦҪĴ𰸡
Ƭ̣ͻȻ
ﻹ칬ٵĿǰΪֹ廹ûпκ칬ĵĶ
š
һԵͼ˵ͷŲȥƵ࣬ʼʲɲǣ벻鷢ˡ
䣡
û˿ף𶯣նҵĲʼΪģһɰ纣Х㣬ͻȻεض˲Ϣ仯ΪһֲĽƣͼ˿
ֹˣԭֹʼʣҲ͵رһɱ֮ǰֲĺϢ
ܵǰǹɽʹ󺣰ĳѹһ˲䣬ɫ
廹ͼǵǿߣǰʼڱϢ˻Ҫµöࡣ
ôһ˲䣬һָоǰѾȥǧʼƺͻȻ˹
Сģ
ͼǰ˲ȫٴС
ǿĽ
ͬһʱ䣬һԵҲע⵽ʼʵı仯
ʼԭֱֳֳۣĲڵϣһ̣ǱɫͻȻŷһɺ˵ƣһĽ⻮Ʋ񷣬ֱָգֱ˵Ŀ۳һѾͳ
ĽֱˣƺֻҪһͻǹɽԵĴ
ˣ
ʼʵͷϿգ۶˵Ŀ۳ֶ֣͸ѹһֵķâ
Ļ仯˭Ҳû뵽ģնʱޱȡ
Сģ
Сʵһ̣ǰĿΣ
鷳ˣʼӦǰԼĹע˽µ칬Уͨ־ʹɢǧҲǿֲ˫
ͼٴУϾǶ쾳ǿߣܿ׹
˵Ϊ˿ֲˣʼʱǼֲľǿߣҪǣ칬Խǹ޴ڵԽǿ˵ĸ֪ɼš
Сģһ£
һʳжָָ罣һ̣䣬һǿҵĽƿն

һ̣պذһɻɵĽޱȣʮɣ˲䳯ǰʼʼնȥ
䣡
彣һɲǼͺܵĳִ̼һ˷һɿֲ۶ͬһʱ䣬һͷϿգǱľ޽˲䳯弲ն¡
䣡
ɽֻཻһɲǣƥĲ˲ͱʼʵĽ顣
һĻ嶼Ƥ΢΢ɫ˵һԵͼˡ
ųݽһѧ֪ʼʵĹǿû뵽ԷĽ֮ǿڶ쾳ΪʩչȻҲ޷ԷĽ
Ȼһ̣룬ǹɿֲĽգɽһ־˵ٶȺͺ˵ƣֱն䡣
ˣһ˸˲ʧͬʱͬݽɽǹɽصɫغԭվĵط


ڶǧʮ ʵĺţ
ֻһ죬زǵֲĽֱڵʵĵһǧɳ֣ӿ͸칬Ӵ칬ڲһЩֱӴΧĹϵ
˼ɵǣһ֮ǿֲͬٴ뺣ٴλ۵ʼյĽУǵֲĽҲٴ۳͡
ҴӸղһһõֻʼʲһСٷ֮ʮ
ȴûʼʵĿĲɱˣػĶ칬⣬һʼҪĶ
ͼĿǰͻȻ
ʼʵĽԿ£ڽǿҵʱҲηסͨ칬ͨ
ǴʼµĽƣûа취롣
˽칬ҪʱܷĽ˸ûϵȻҪԸʼʡ
ˣô£ʼΪʲô칬ڵػѵٿˣ
СҲЩˡ
ʼʵʵǿԭ˵أҲֻǳں棬˭Ҳû뵽ᷢı仯ͻʼʵ谭Ҳζ˲ܽ칬
ԣʼʲûƣ־
ҡҡͷϵ
⣬Ҫýƣô鷳ˡ
Ϊʲô˵ʼǱĵҲӦ죬ǣΪʲôҪֹǣ⣬칬лʲôֵػ
ͼʼʱлµö࣬ǲĻͨ
ֹˣͼѾоʼʵڲϻۣҲζŽʼʵĹԽԽǿ
ͼϲߣǧǰĵȻûаտǿдȥ
һ࣬ͬоʼʵı仯Ȼһѹ籩㲻ϾۼԽԽء
˵֮ǰһֻ̽Ļһָоܿͻᱬһս
˵ʱʱ죬׼ʼʼսǿʱͻȻһԺ𡪡
ˣ
¼ʵĺţʮ㡣
ɨУʵĺʧܣƬᣬ֮ʯƻʧܡ
ע⣬ʵĺŲںϣ
䣡
һʯǧˣ֮ǰһ·廹ֻЩ뷨Ļôһ̣ĳЩжȷɡ
ʵĺţ
᣿
ûྐྵȻ
֮ʯܹʮλʵ壬ǰλһǧǰƥĴʼʵۣΪʵۣȻҲ֮һ
仰˵λԼʥһͬĴԽߡ
ԺеǸһƬκˣþ޷ƽ
֮ʯ֮ʯ
һ̣ȷ֮Դ£ЩսΪľϵ֮ʯ
ʼǱͨ츣սôĺҲͬˡֻǰλʼʵۣҪСĽöࡣ
һ̩ɽȻһȻĶͬú޷ţȥ˻ȥɳλε󽫾ֻϧȥһȥ칬С
λǧһ۾Ȼʵ壬ͬǴԽߣм𺳣Ҳѹûġ
Ϊʲô
嵽ڶ޷⵽żȻɺϣǱȻ
֮ʯѡЩǧһΪ˵Ϊ֮ʯЩǧһۣ
Ҫǣڴ֮ǰһֱΪԼǶһ޶ֻԼһԽߣڣѾ֪ʵˡˣʷоŸ
һһ֮ʯЩԽߣνʵ壬Ҫʲô
ǰ岻ȥ˼ЩֻЩżȻڣһָоһоԼô򵥡
ЩͷԺзӶһܿƽʲôڶ˼Щʱ֮£иҪȥ
ȱ𶯣һ
йâһСʵʶԭأ漴˵Ųǰȥ
塪
ͼʧɫⷬٶǰްףû뵽徹Ȼֱӳȥ
ȻͼֹҲѾˡ
¡
ĿǰʼµɽХٴηֻһεԶ֮ǰˡ
ˣ
ʼͷǵɫľ콣ֱӱʮͨأƺҪ칬Ҫ
䣬ʼɲǣͼоһڤڤУһӴľϱʼʵʬϣһ̣˴㵲ѵ鷢ˡ
ԭɽХʱµһ˲䶨ڿУֹˣʼʰ󷽵һУ·𱻶
ԭǹ궯ҲѸƽϢͺһεºޱȣ˲Ϣ丧ƽһС
ͼԭҪǰֹһɲǣ촽һ£ֹͣ²һԣĬĬǰһ
ǰҲϾȥעעȫǰʼϡ
ϲɹͨʵĺţ׼ںϣ
ʱԺ֮ʯ
жûдʼʷǰɲǣ֮ʯ뾫У˲ʼԺʼڣͬܵһϤ֮ʯϢͬʣɹֹʼʵĹ
ʼҲ֮ʯڵļ󣬵ڸܵǹ㣬֮ʯ
ʼΪ֮ʯʹѺ֮ʯΪһ塣
ҴʼʵжϣӦͣʮ꣬ʱ䣬ض֮ʯںϼߣҲʹ޷ȫװ֮ʯ
ˣ
֮ʯ岻ϻʼµĹ㣬Ըоõʼڻһڿܣʹںϲô˳
һ漴ʲô
£ȥɣȻ޷ıĽ֣ȴֹ죬Ϊ±𣡡
ǰ벽սʼʣͻȻѹ
ΧһƬڶݵĳĬһ̣ƺΧĽ˲䵹ʼڣͬһʱ䣬һֱоǹɵֿҲʧˡ
ˣ
ʼвĽɫͶ֣׷ӿڣͬһʱ䣬ǹһֱبǰ赲ǰҲ֮ɢ
ϧˡ
ܵһĻв̾Ϣһϧ
ʼµΪǿܹȫգȻһʼĲƸϧƾʼʲ־ǧɢȥڣʼʵ־߽⣬Ҳ֮ɢȥ
ˣ廹ǳɢȥ֮ǰһЩ飬ٳûĵ
ϲںɡ
ǰ13˰㡣ŬںϹлõʵĺŲȱĶġ
ʱ֮ʯԺд


ڶǧʮ һػ֣
ܿ죬Ժн˸һĴָСĶ˲۳֮ͣʯ뱾Դռ䣬

Ǹ֮ϲ
ɢȥΣϾ屾мߵľΪ쾳Ҫ򡢸ͶڵĶǴ
ʼʵȻôŵˣΪ֮󣬵֮£ŶĲģ²ȱȫֵҲڵ֮ϡ
ҪǣʼʱľǿߣĶĶڵкܴ棬ܹ̥һﵽߵľ硣
ߣǰиоǰӦþ칬ĺˡ
ܿع
ʼʵĺΪҲһأĸ֪ǿ˲٣Ҫǣ칬ĸҲ˲١
ʱ˿̣һӴ칬һֱ͸ҿҪӽڵλãȻ̽ʱ䣬Ҳͬûš
飡
δ䣬һ㣬Խʼʣǰȥ
󷽣ͼĿ̣Ȼɻ󣬸֪ոʲô岻˵ͼҲض
ҽʼһأû谭һоԲôҪˡ

һͼҲʧС
Ƭ򣬾һ˵ƬıԵ
¡¡
˻ûпһɽѵľ޴죬һضɫǰ
ޱ޼ʣ̺¶쾳ǿЩҲȻʧɫ
˵ûӦһ㣬Ҳ칬ĺġ
ͼͻȻڵ
һ·ִڸоϤ칬Ϣǹɽ纣糱ϫ㣬ȫ֡
ͼһΣѸٷӹȥ
Ҳ˿˵Ƭ͵ƬָĽ硣
֮ǰƲͬһ͵ĽɫϣͬһɫԲһ㣬칬ĺĵش֮еӿ磬һǿصѹ
ֻҪĽƣӦþͿԽ칬ģƻ칬ˡ
ͼоһһ̣ݵһһΣ˲ǽأ޴ޱȵĽɫǰ
أ
ͼһ죬˾޴Ľɫϣͬһʱ䣬һӴʱ֮ͼڱŷ͸ɫС
ַ֮ǰ˴һһϣһͬҲ編ơ
Сģ
һҲû뵽ͼɴȻôͳ֡
һϸĸоЩԾ
һΣҪֹͼֻǿϧѾˡ
䣡
ͼְȥͬʱԭڲĳƽľ޴ϣȻ֮һǿķ֮
ǹɽ纣Īֻܵһ˲ͱͼͷŵһȦһȦʱ֮
һȦһȦεĹ֮γɵʱ֮˲ʹըѣֹˣɽХֻһͼ߷ݰ㣬͵ɳȥ
ã
忴һĻҲһͼǶ쾳ǿߣѰķ֮жôǿյĶ֮ȫжһһ⣬ǽɫУȻ̺ͬһǿʱ֮ҿͼʱ֮Ҫ
ֱ˼飡
أ
룬һΣͼȥڷ˶ͬʱâһ˲ͷų˹е
飡
âһ̥ͬʱͼһģͼϣͬʱֻһĹɾ˵ʱ֮˲䱬ͼڡ
һɲʱ䶼·ֹͼΪģһȦһȦʱ֮ͼ˫磬󱳣ԼؿλòͣɢϵĵŽɫǹʱ֮
֪˶ãͼڵǹԴԽʱ֮ڱȫͼɫһɣͬԼ̥Ĵӿн
ôһɲǣΧһƬž
ô
Ƽžȿڵ
û£ֻЩ⡣
ͼҡҡͷ
һЩԾҲû뵽澹Ȼ̺ǿʱ֮
ͼƽӴƵʱǹɷ̺֮ʱ֮Ȼǿ󣬵ͼȴо̺ҪԶֲĶࡣ
ʵϣ⻹ͼһɲǲԣʱ֣緢»ڻҪֲ
û˵üͷ΢΢¶˼ɫ
ˣЩԾǻǵ֮ǰʼ
ʱСʵͻȻ졣
СʵĻͼƺҲ뵽ʲôɫ΢΢һ䡣
嵹ɫ糣ʵϣ֮ǰ뵽ŸоЩԾ
֮ǰʼԼȫֹǣܾΪ˷ֹǱ칬Ľˣ
Сʵ
ȻٿڣʵΪʧȥ壬ֻԹۣ˹۲ĸϸΪƵԯСޣĳЩʵ໹ҪС
ʼ֮ǰ½ƣѻˣȻΪ˷ֹǱ칬ĽˣĲ˵ʼʵʷǹϵİԵרᣬ壬ɿ绢ϱϵӡֻͼ⡣
Ϊػʲôһ˵ĿǰΪֹȫо
Ҳ˸оìܵĵط
û˵ĸֻܻˣͼֻоɽƵǿͿ£ȴɽиоһޣϤ
ͼǹʱоԼ칬ĳֶϵͺĳֶٻԼ
üͷ壬Ŭ˼ѰǹϤеԴ
֮ʯ
ͷԺбųԼһ
дȷʵ֮ʯֻԺе֮ʯƺ졣
仰˵칬ģһš֮ʯʼʶɢȻػֹκ˽ԭ
ͷԺзӶ͵̧ͷǰ޴Ľɫϣ֮ǰҲȻͬ
Ϣһ¡
ǰͻȻڵ
һǰȥͬʱʱ׼֮ʯ
¡¡
˵ʱʱ죬׼ֵʱ칬ͻȻҶͺһֻξֽ칬У
ӲģΪԶԿھͳ׻ٵеϣ
ʯ䣬ޱȣ칬
δ䣬һΪ֮ɫӴֲͻȻ˵ĸ֪С
䣡
û˿ףǹӴӿ磬˲ͺ칬ΧһϣǼʱ䣬һڶҲ֮ơ
һ˲䣬ͼ˲ɫ
ڶһƣǺ֮ûκ谭Ҳζʱִܹ˷Ĺ
ɲǼ䣬жӿһǿҵΣոС
ãҪˣ
ͼɫٴС


ڶǧʮ ޾
¡¡ͼӿһȦһȦʱ֮һĺͬ±
ⲻ˵һ죬һβͬӵ칬ǿķһս½һǰδеĿս
һ࣬ͬ˿趯ԣһƬ
컹ûеִǹɿֲƺѹѾ˼ѹ
칬֮޿ӣȴԴ칬ȡ

ͼƴһս׼ʱйâһͻȻڵ
䣡
ûͼӦһһɰͬ˰㣬˲佫ͼУ˹
󷽵ƹۿǿֲϢִأһ죬Ȼǰǵ޴Ľɫϡ
ˣ
һ̣˲ŵ鷢ˡ
ưϣûӴǡǡ෴޴Ľڲһǿ˹ȥ
ڣͼԭ壬һĻҲɴˣ˲˵ֿǹԼһ˽ȥ
˽뻤ڵɲǣ䣬һ춯صľĹԼײϣȴϾ޴赲
һ࣬ͼмǰ֪˶ã·ֻһɲǣֺֻͣһɣ漴ˮо׹һƬ֮С
ԭȫ񶼷׷ɱϣʱ˿̣оǰı仯Ҳɱȫע
ˣ
޾ĺˣ
ǡ
ȥɴסˣд㵵
ܶǻ谵ĺˮص֪޷жںеľλá
칬ǰ򻷾ϴͬС죬ȥ̺ܶǽ̻Ի͵ĽͿĹ㳡
Ϊԭ򣬲廹ͼѹû뵽칬֮ӭԼľȻһƬ
Щ֣һĿռ䣡
ʱһͻȻԺ𣬺ˮܣ޷ݣͼֱͨ幵ͨ
һͼͬڴܡ
ط̫ˣ֮ǰйΨû뵽ǻ칬ķһƬδ֪ĺ
ҴĿǰƬֻ±еĻҪö࣬ΧԶԶ
СģطżǿҵĻϢ֮ǰ伤ҵսǧ򲻿ɴ⣡
徯ĴܣͬӦ
ռĸоǳңгһɺڰ񱩣ǰƬδ֪Ҳôƽеĺˮڲͣӿ˵ĸоİ֮дײ
Һй߻谵Ҳ࿴߰ʮ׵ľ롣
˶˾裬һ߱ڵס壬һ߻ǰȥ
һжδ֪ģ˱ոϢ֪ô
ҪǣΪƬͻȻֵĿռ䣬и֪ȫߵ޷ж칬ĺλġ
ĺˮӿţѹȥ˲ˮǰ
Լյ֮ͣ
˼飬Բ촴ģ˭˴ͨȻӲ칬ĿٳһӴ磿
ͼϸĴܡ
칬ĺģû˻Լϳ뿪ٳһ磬塣
⣬㻹ǵǸոսʱǷĹ챬Ȼȫǵϵֵ촴ģǸӦöûã֮ǰǵϸͲõģ
Ȼ˼飬ͼԽԽоԼǶԵġ
ûΪʲôܹ칬Ŀٳһ磿
忪ڵ
⡪
ͼһʱסˡ
ǿ˶ᣬ칬УʵֻߣκοСռľٶܵ칬Ӵų⡣
Ѿǿ֮УҲ˵ܹ㡣
һܹһУǶԷʵֻǿ
Ҳ˵ƲǴģڴ֮ǰǻҪϢ
˶٣ŵ
漰ʦ칬Σյĵطһ˿һĴ⡣
ƬЩŹ֣˵Ǻһ·룬һ㶼ûп
ǽô죿
ͼ
뿪ҵ棬ҵԵ
Ƭ̣ڵ
Ǻк棬㲻ռ䶼ˮ⣬ôһǰҲһҵıԵֻҪִȻܹռϢҲܹ֪ô
䣡
һ䣬ͬһʱ䣬һӴʱ֮Ľ£һ˲ʿغˮ֮㣬Ϸȥ
󷽣û˿ԥͼҲѸٸ
ĺˮԶĻҪֻǲϼ٣һ·ϣ֪˶ã䣬ͻȻһգͼڵ㣬Ӻˮ֮г˳
ڳˣ
оܻȻʣжʱһɡ
ֻҪˮޱ޼ʣ磬ֻҪҵ棬ôжͻ׺ܶࡣ

Ȼûȵ峹׷ɣһ̣һͻȻϿմ
һʶ̧ͷͿһһ޸㣬һΪ
һлԶûн䣬ڶĵһһϴ
һĻһԵͼסˡ
һĿռ䣡
û£ֻ޾߱ΨһĹԴ
䣡
һ̣ͼǰһĻʱһݣΪһ磬Ծ˸߿ա
ִٵ壬Ȩޣ
ʵ磡
û˿ԥڳڸ߿յɲǣ֮ʯǿ
ɲǼ䣬жȻһ䣬ԭ칬ӴҲ˲䱻
̧ͷ죬ձ˲԰ɫеʧռ׵磬һֱּ۵ķʽС
ܹ׵ۺϺḶ́Ҳܿ׵Ϫı仯
ҵˣ
ȻֻƬ̣仯вһ˿ߡ
ıԵԴͬķλռһԴ
Ŀ⻺ƶ׵磬Ƭı߽紦͸е谭һ޴ɫӡ
һ
λȵķֲɫ糱ϫӿ硣
ֻˣִͨٵӽȥڻо˼Ũҵģ޾Ϳռ䲨
ӣͺШӰ㶤䣬Ϊάϵʹڵĸ
ʶ㣬ΪԶԶһӣҲδĿռ乹췽ʽ
ô
һͼ֪ʱҲԣڵ
ûж˵ֻǽпһйͼ


ڶǧʮ оˣ
ͼһʲô
ʣһеĹؼֻҪŪܣͿѰҵ칬ص
ߣ
һѡһ
󷽣ͼҲͬ
¡
˲ŸոշӳԶ벻鷢ˣһ죬û˿ףǰֿһɽľ޸޾ĺˣ֮ƴӺ³յͼݺȥ
޸û䣬ǹӴƾѾˣն·ܲסɾ˲Ť

һŰһӴӰ籩ӺԾ˳
ۻ룬ϣ񡭡һӰŲʱľԶϢǾ˰ӴκΪ֮𶯡
˻ϸɽľ޸Ѿݺ
ݣ
ʯ䣬룬˵̫ʼĹɲǼ䣬һҫ۵Ĺâبǰ⾪˵һ
䣡
޸͹ཻһӴĿֲȻӸбֻ꣬һ죬޸еĵطֱѿһѷ죬ǿֲɽ緢㣬ҲȻݺײɳȥ
ôܣ
һĻһ
ôҲû뵽ԷʵȻ˿ֲֻһͽĹһѷ졣
Сģ˵ǿĲ˼飡
һ󵹷ɣϵĻӴĳһһͼ
һֻǵûʹκμɾܰѹ֮Էˣƾʹﵽ˶쾳ļ
˶
ʱһ󱬺ǰ
ǵˮԾľ޴Ӱž޸һ㣬ٴη˹ֻĿ겻壬Ǿͼ
Ҳʱ򣬽һ˿Ϣ֮Ҳڿ˵ò
Ӵޱȣа˾׸ߣ統˹֮սĽվһ㡣
һɫĺսףӴޱȣһӴѹ
ĺŨңɫֳһʧѪĲ԰ףעĿĻ˫ͭ񣬻ңޱ޼ʵŭޡ
䣡
޸£ͼĻѾ׼ɱһ߷ݰ˳ȥ
ôܣ⵽ʲô
ɿ⣬ͼѪֱۣһƬȻ
ǸȻûʹÿռ֮ĸͷĲ˼飬һŤʱգͼȻ޷㣬ǷĸиԴ֮ûʵñͼ˵Ȼơ
˭Ҳ룬ͳͳ
ǰǷ׾˸ûᣬɫѾȫʧȥǣͼ֮еľ޸һӣǿֲɽХ㣬ٴ籡֮֮ǰӸ͡
ֹˣ׾ΪģԲڣȫڣ޾ĺˮ㼯ͷ˵֮Уһǿ
еĸͷ˸·ӵĳֲ˼ħֻһͷϷصУʮִ׵ܵݺǱ޸ϡ
һĻ嶼΢΢ɫ
˱ˣȻܹԼ֮һأֱԵֵ
֣
û˿ԥͼᣬԥѡֶԸˡ
ˣ
âһͼԽʩչޣ˻ΪһģĲӰ˲仮գһһң׾˵ࡣ
ȭ

̫޼Ԫɹ
֮

ʯ䣬֣һǿľѧ㳯׾ӿȥ
ֹˣˣ˳ֵͬʱһһһʱ֮ССֲֳͬɫֱ׾˹ȥ
Щʱ֮ţתţͣиΧʱգЩʱ֮УӲĸҲᱻ촷ۡ
𣡡
Ȼֻһͷ˾׸ߵ׾һ˲䷢˷ɽľ޸裬ΧԼΧһУĲͼĻʵȭȫ׾һķʽͳͳѡ
ֹˣ׾Դ׵ٿ֮˴׵ֻ֮һ޾Ļ׵ɽ鱬һ㣬׾Ϊģܱŷ
飡
Ӵ£ͼ˾Ȼֱֲɡ

˷ɳͬʱһײУʯ䣬ѭȥֻ۶ɵһʱ֮ڻл׾ˡ
Ȼ̺ʱ֮ʱ֮ײھϣȴȫǲϵĺɫؼ׵ֵ
Щ᲻ɴݵʱ֮ײ׵ɲǣͺʯһ㣬׷ײ÷顣
ʱջ֮
һĻͼһƬȻ
侳ǿߣû˿Իʱ֮ĹͬȼĶ쾳ǿҲֻͨͬķʽź͵ԷĹҲһּĴڣֱӻʱ֮Ĺ
츳ǧҲδܹͼ̫Ԫļ䣬̫ԪļоᵽּΪĴڡ
ˣܹͺͬʱʱջ֮壬ǰ׾ǿĲ˼顣
𣡡
ǰڷ˹ͬʱ׾ŭһž޸ȻƳ׷
Ӵ󣬵ȴû˿ıأޱȵͿݣ˵ֱˮ
䣡
޸£ͼͬʱ׾˾޴ģźս׵ֽճȭ͵һȭ
¡
԰ټƵĴִܵݺ䣬ûڣֱ׾˻۵ȭ֮Уݺ塣
һȭӳͬʱŤ׾˵׹ҫȻԻһϵģκε伮мضȻͬľ޴
Сģ
ͼһæѵ
ȻĻҪǿԽ⻹˵һοʩչ书Ȼ϶вҪͼԽмȡȫԸ塣
гһϢĳѹǾɽȭͷû䣬ΪģԲʮڵվѾʼ̮ټ칬ĸţ£¾ʱ֮ʩչ
ȻԵĴȴĿ򶨣侲ޱȡ
ϣ
ʯ䣬ֻһԽڤڤУһ̫֮ҪĹâգ漴һϵĳ˲׾ɽȭ
ɽȭ߳ϸһһСȫɱǱ̳ɲǣ·ħͬһ޵׵ĺڶ㣬׾ȭпֲ׵׷ɡ
ԯʥ
֮ԯʥ¾κˣֻҪʥ֣ܶôǿ֮˵塣
ˣ
ֻһ˲䣬׾һ廯Σ֪ǲǴһɹɲǣоǾ˵ƺһ˿˿ϸɲĲ˵ĶҲƺ仺һЩǿƺҲûôˡ
ֻһ˲ϾȥЩ


ڶǧʮ ϹŴ󳼣
¡
ڻ׾ƴһͬʱâһһģһ
̥
һɲǣԥٻ˹е
䣡
磡
ڳֵɲǣĵ̥˲ֻ֣տɫĹâһɲǼر⣬һɭĿֲӵ̥ڱ硣
꣬һգ۵ʱ䶼е׾˱㱻ǿֲĺڣ˻Ϊ񣬶ڿУһĺ
ֹˣӿ׾ΪģԲڵĺҲױ⣬ΪһƬ硣
һо춼ҪУ˵ǰ׾ˡ
ڣ
кһץסһɲǵĻᣬԥķ˷
䣡
̥˲ϣʯ䣬ֱ밴׾˵˫ͷ漴ɿֲڱŷ
һƴȫǱ廹Ƿǿ
¡һ죬ͼĿУ˾׸ߵ׾彩Ӳһڵ㣬׹£ݺݵ·֮Уıмͬɶֵĺˮǧ׵ĸ߿ա
ɹ𣿡
գĿû׷ȥ
Ī׷һ֣屾ҲһڣóȻ׷֮١
һԣͼͬϸ·
׾ǿĲ˼飬廹̥ƾˣĶ֡

𵴣ѵĸںײţ֮һƬǳ
Ȼֻһ˲ͼĸӦУͻȻռȻ޾ռ·ܵĳӴһ㣬˷׷ӿ򺣵
һ޴ĺֿһϤĺӰӴޱȣӺµһɿֲɱգͷ׾˶ĲٿԶ󣬴ռмȡӴһ̵׾˲ˣƷ֮֮ǰʤһ
̫ǿˣ
һĻͼҲΪ֮𶯡ͷ׾˾ͺһͷ·Զһ㣬ȥûûˣ칬ʱܸϹ
Ψһʼձ侲ͷжǿԼѹƵס
׼֣
һ̥ٴηݶտɫĹâ䣬Լ̥ȫϢҲǵ˼㣬֮ǰһ編ƣٴα⣬Ȼ뺣ס
һκ֮ǰͬԯʥͬʱ˹׼ӴĹơ
˵ķжôǿ岻ţԯʥȫ˲
ˣһȣ
˵ʱʱ죬ڴսٴαɲǣСʵͻȻԺƽȻͬ
ʶ
˵ⷬʱСʵޱȡ

ⷬһͣ˲סˡ
СʶĹ
Ҳ̫˼ˣ
嶼Ѿһս׼һɲǣҲɲǵĴ㵡
ܸо˼飬廹СʵĻʱֹͣ˳֣䡣У廹׼һԣ֡
ˣ
һ̣âһС˲Ծ״̬ӱ
䣬·׾˼ٴγֵɲǣ֮㣬С˲ݺݵĺ뵽Ժ
ס֣ѣ
͸һеľطСʽԼֱӴ͸ͷ׾˵Ժ
Ȼʱ׾ƺȫСʵĻɳɱ
һ˲䣬СҲˡ
ô㲻ʶѵС𣿡
¡
һʯǧˣʼʱ׾˻û˿ӦֻǲͣĳɱС֣׾˻һ׻㣬鶯ҲŻ
Уһֱ·׾˳ʱѾս׼ǿ׾ͻȻͣ£Ҳд
ɹˣ
һĻ仯㵲ѡ
ʵϣΪֹ嶼ûô¡
һ࣬׾ԭĿңŰһ̣ͺĳħһԭ񱩣ҵƽ
Сݡ˵£ô֪¡㣬Сʣôܣ
·ʧȥһع飬׾ڳԽԽԱ仯ԭĿҺͱŰȡһ˫ҵҲ
Ϊʲô
Сʿڵ͸һɱ⡣
ͼ࿴һۣĬ
񱩵ľ˾ȻʶСʣ˭û뵽ġ
Сʱڵصһǧ꣬׾ʶСʣ˵
дһɲƺ뵽ʲô
ǰǿ񱩵ľҲԽԽǡ
СʣǴˣ˶ˣ£
׾˵󣬷·뵽ʲô·̼ܵ㣬͵ŭХһɫٴαÿҡ
Сģ
ͼɫޱ䡣
׾ԿȻСʱǣǴʱ֮ǰʧȥǵķ״̬
ȻʱСȴȻۿԷٴʧȥƣɼߴ٣
Сôˣ׷ʲô˵˵
СʲϽԼľԺ
СʵĻ׾˵ٴαǣֺܿң˲ͣǺͻб任ȶ
״̬£ȻʳСĵϢ

ںһֱԹۣ׾˲Ǻͻڤڤ뵽ʲô̤գǰ
ϣ
ʯ䣬ֻһԽĽ嶸Ȼԯʥֱ׾ǰС
ϣЧ
а
СʵĶԻппǻƵԯĲ£ܱʶСʣ˵ԯʥͬЧҲûףϾǰľʱѾܷ񻽻ǣȫ־
ϸʲô
ʯ䣬屩һͬʱþԯʥӰԺ
ͻȻܵľ׾һԽͣҲǾ˵񣬲˿иԼĲַЧô˽һս׾˱ֳʵܹʤҲᱻĴкս
ΧһƬžʱ䶼·ֻһɲַ·ͣ׾˵ʱʱң󡪡
¡
Ŀӹеԯʥ׾˻һǴݽɽӰͻȻعڵأеԯʥǰ˶ͷ­Ҳ
£Ǳµ彣

׾˵˫ĦǱԯʥͻȻ֮䷢һĺУ˵ĿУɽͰӴ˵ͷ´󴮰ˮ
һʹ²Żֳ
һɲͺǰͼ˴˿һۣжģԤеʲô
Сʣ£Ȧˣ
ıһжı
׾˰һĿ´ˮ
ıʲôı
Сʼ˱ɫ


ڶǧʮ ۹
һУеһУ¶ݺˣ
׾Գһּȵİ˺ޣҪһеʱˣҵĲһ£ɲǼ䣬׾ɫޱ䣬ɫٶȱò԰ޱȡ
ûʱ䣬ˣ
Ŀһתܿһֳԯʥϡ
бµʥܽضǱ˵ǸˣǴͨ
˵׾¶һɼȵźͱˡ
廹׷ʼ䣬Ѿˡ
䣡
׾˰һ̧޴ֱֱָգһ̣ڼ۵ӴͬռӿĿȫӿһ£ٴ纣ȫ㼯Ͽһ㡣
һ춯صľ죬ն˺ˡ
ͼ˵ĿУͷϷһ£ͬˮ㳯˷ȥ
·ĳռͨ˵ĿУһӴĹڣո˵ҰС
̧ͷκοжԴһʥƴޱȵϢͺƬģ飬һָ߲ʵĸо
۹
ƬɫȺǰһϸʵĴǰ忴֣ÿһֶɸߣ̺һɴ֮ع
׼Ĵʱɸоһǿҵĳ
칬Ӧþˡ
а
֪֪ף֪ǰһжı壬һεִн̻Ի͵ĹΪ֮۹ܳΪصףӵϵȨ
ֻϧ
ûȥ
ȥɣڵ㡣
׾ڵŵúܿ졣
ԤߣСʾͽˣϣǶԵģҺʧ
һ仰׾Ťͷһֳԯʥ塣
䣡
һ仰˵꣬׾ΪһŹɫƣס塢Сʺͼ
ȥɣ
˵仰ɫƵĽǳһģɲǼ䣬һӴͷˣһ·ͷϷ۹ȥ
һɲǣӹµɫƣ·һֻۣӴ׾˷·ĳʹ㣬ͷ­һ
ڵȫɢȥɽͰͬһʯ㣬·޾ĺС

ĿǾ׾˻ʧ̾Ϣһ
׾ȻӴޱȣ֮ǰʹʵ̽Ӵ󣬵ϣ׾˻Ǹࡣ
Ϲžһǧ꣬ͷ׾˲СһҲӵв꣬µطͣ壬
֮ǰţܹ֮ڣȫʹط˵Ľ
ЩڵǴĳʹģʹɣҲɢʱ֮ʱ
ŤͷʶƳԵСʡ
СûеͷҲûȥ׾ˣȻҲ׶Էˡ
Сϣоһİˣȴǿţûб¶
һ̾СʺǸ׾ںܾ֮ǰźĽ飬ʱҲ˵ʲôοĻ
ѾԤеˣǰ»ипš
¡
˵ٶȼ죬ֻѾ۵糸ؿռ䣬ִϷ
һ죬𶯣Ӵ۹ʱǰ
һۣоӴĽ磬ǽɫĽס۹
Դӽ칬Ľ磬ĸоȴ֮ǰκʱ򶼽Ȼͬ
ǿ
ʱһԱߴͬʱͼҲ
ڵͿֻп۹Żо̺˶ôӴ
ɫĽֽϢȫ濴ȥƽ˾ƽı̺ȴޱ޼ʵĿֲ
ֹˣ滹̺˼ǿʱչӵȼ˵ԳԽͼּ
ʣˣʵҪԶͼ֮ϡ
ⲻԭĽ硣
ͼ͸ͻȻ
ţ类滻
˵ͷ
ͼ콻֣⴦Уûиоһ˿һϢܹƬ칬ƻԭĽ磬ʩһԼĽȡ֮۹еǿò˼顣
ͻȻЩˣ
ʱͼ¶һ˿
칬Ȼ죬ںܾ֮ǰ칬ƿأٰϲƿСΪʲô̫ռʱûж
ķȱռݣ֮Щ칬ˣʼʡȥ졭Щ˱ýǵ칬⡣
ͼͻȻ
΢ɲĵ˵ͷûж˵
ͼжûдҲȫԣʼʺͻȥĳ־ˣֻ֮ʯ̫ҪҲ޷ͼ˵
ˣ
ʱͻû˿ף֮ʯԺ
¼ʵϢռ⽱
ȻһǺܿƽ
һ·ִܻûڲ֮ͨǰֺۼжϡû⣬۹еλӦþǸˡ
뵽ʶƳԱߵСʣֻСɫˣȻҲӽиоʲô
֮ʯִٵȨ޻شң۹еʵǷϢ
Ƭ̣뵽ʲôͻȻڵ
֮ʯһƬĬƬ̺Ϥٴ
ٴɨĿʵѾûзκϢ
֮ʯһƬĮû˿
ԤϣõȷĴ𸴺Ҳһ̾Ϣһ
Ȼб֮һϣǴǰĽһȻûг̫ıʡ÷ĶѾˣһǧʱ⣬Ҳ޷ʲô
ܿ죬һͷӹԺٴѯʵ
ĿǼʵ塣
ţ
ݵĳĬ֮ʯٴ
ʱסˡ
ţ
һţ
һɲԺҲɲɲǵĻңԭΪλĴԽߣôû뵽Ȼǡ
ЩͷԺзӶܿع
۹ǰжܣһжܿ¶
ȥɣ
ͼ˻࿴һֱۣۣܿǿֲӴĽɫϡ
̺ŷ籩ĻǶ˵ʲô谭˶ڸоһɺͽƵʣ׾֮ǰڵġ
âһͺˮһ㣬塢ͼСʷ׷״ϣ۹С
ǰһƬ˸Ž⣬ٴθо֮ǰǸϤĻ
۹Ȼ칬һ֣нǰһУǲ֪Ϊʲô۹һɱ˵Ϣ
ǡ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ŀһɨע⵽ǰ㳡վļӰ


ڶǧʮ ϵӰ
һӰЩ׶ɢƹۣ˸һɹӴɽ纣ϴڱŷûµĴС
ԣһòĹŴŮӣսףһϲϣ̺һɼΪŨҵĿռ䲨
һˣϡݶغ񣬿¸أͬŰֻǺ˲ͬڸоһɼŨҵˮϵ
һſܰһڣоκϢȻѾȥʱ
ҲǴ裬ܿ׵磬СݵĴ󳼣Ҳ˽׹֮ǰ׵ġмǷǰСݵĵˣСݽͬԿʦǿϵ󣬺ܾܿͷһġ
СͻȻЩ˵
Ц˵ҲΪСһսϲսڣ˶ˡ
ҲСݵĳӣǿ丸壬Ӵõѡ
СʵĻ̾ϢѣһԵͼҲȻ
ǰЩ˶˵ֻһǧǰĹˣ˶˽⣬ҲûнӴǶС˵ѣսѣеһ֡
˶ȥֻСʡ
˵ڽҿڰʹһҳ
ǰҲػʱҲףռ¾Լ۹еλһִ죬Ƭеõ֤
ڵ飬Сĺͷ𣿡
ĬƬ̣ڵ
Сҡҡͷ
꣬衢ҪҵΪƽϵҵʱǳŭҾͱǸ޵׶Уڻ룬Ӧ֮󲻾óµġ
ͷ˼
Ȼߣо֮ǰСеһλǰĴ衢ʦӦö²͸֪һĻСʹ޵׶С
ˣСʶһλĸ飬ֻڵ칬Ҳλá
岢СЩΪֻͽı˰ˡ
ڴ衢˵߹һܿƹǵʬǰȥ
ǰһж쳣ֺ׳ξһ㣬Ϊ˴ٵ磬Ȼ˲˼
һ·ǰԽһ޴Ļң˺ܿ쿴һЩ¶
һɽͰӴǧɵӰ
̺Уһۿһ޴ͷޱȣ봹£ֱۣʮɣɫǿĿޱȡ
⣡
׼֮ǰҲͷ޴񣬵ǵǰǧɳľ޴˻Ǹоһǿĳ
е񻰴˵УûκζܱȵеĵλǳҲֻ֪ν񻰴˵ڡ
ͼǻӵܣԾӣڻʵ۸ԳΪצʵϣͼ
ȻǰȴȻһͷ֣ľ
ǲ
ͼ߽ɽ޴ͷ𶯵
벻칬ھȻһֲԪԲϿݵ׻ȨԾӣһ½磬ֻκλȨҪ׳Ƴ
ֶԶԶֻҪ֣ܻȨθ棬Զֻе
Ȼ⣬Ҳ޷쵽Żպۡ
ͷŵ
۹Ǿ޴Ľɫ֣ȫ⣬Ȼĳ̶ֳϣҲӡˡ
ߵ̫ӵкǿĴ֮ǰľ޾ŰǳֱʣִӦкܴƣͬĴѶȸͬӦ߼Ĵ켼̫ؿҲ졣
ͼ
˵ͷ
ĳ̶ֳҲԽͣΪʲôݳʧˡںףЩԳʨǺ׾ܻزģֻҪԳʨӡڻȡϸ̥Ϳˣһ㣬֧صľںϲѾ֤ʵ
һչżе˵Ϊͷ¹ǡ߾ۡơӥצţҲζþں죬ҪںϵһҪ˴ȻںϣѶȻھ޺֮ϡ
⻹ֻۣʵʲҪѵöࡣ
ûʲô
ͻȻڵ
˵Ƶ۳죿
ͼһᡣ
ϹʱΨһܺǰɫһֻһ
ŻƵۺڣһͻȻβУͷ­ȴƵ۹ǰԵʱĻƵ˵֪ĹҲĺ͹£ɳʹӭ죬ؼĵһλۣͳ磬ά
һڹżȷأֻҪ΢ʶֵ˶֪Ǻ˴丽ᣬĴ˵ֻܵ෹̸ʣ档
š
棬˵ͷ
ЩѾˣʣ칬Ĵ磬ʹ칬תСˣݵĳ棬˹ϹʱʥƵۡ
Ǵ衢ʦǺеȫĲ¡
ǰǵƵ칬Ҳνʹߡ
˾ˣܶ˵񻰴˵֮һЦĹ£˵ǡǡʵʷЩĽ֣ʱ򷴵Ǵеͯ
岻֪徭ģǺʣ͹λоϹʥǰһĻ
һԣСֻЩãȻȻͼ֪Ƕ񻰣˽⡣
Щ̣վû˵ڡ
Щ飬ͼ֪ͿˣС˵֪δǺ¡
ȻЩԾιƺȱʲô
ȥɣ
ûж˵ֱŲӾԴ̺ȥ
۹ߣ칬ĺҲڴ˴ʲôֻҪִôһб᳹׽
գ
ΧһƬžֻ˵ĽŲƬ칬죬ղ֪ԽԽء
ǧɵľ룬һ紫˵еĹȻǰͼ˻ûпڤڤУһӴѹͬɽͣزѣӴڲͷŶ
һɲǣΧĿƺޱȡ
ֹˣڿ۹ɲǣ廹ͼо۹ڲһŷ籩㣬ǿϢ
ǿ
ͼһ棬͸һ˿ɫ
һ·ѾʶܶʷϵǿڣǹеǹϢȴԶԶЩڣķҲѷɫ
벽䣡
һɲͼʱʲôԷΪ´ﵽ˵ĵزĳ̶ֳȻҪһĶ֣̫ҡ
һ࣬ĸܱͼҪ̣Ǻص˴ѹüĵҲԽԽҡ
ԯʥҲڽвͣ·ܵĳһ㡣
¡
һ죬˿ɲǣ޴ĹźȻ򿪣һɲĴţڿ۹ڵľҲǸ칬Ĵ޴ס


ڶǧʮһ Ƶۣԯ
̻Ի͵ĴڲһʮңϣϢɽʹ󺣰ۣž޴ıϣһ
Ŀ˵ķɫ꣬ƺһֱĬĬȴʲô
Ӱÿжɲһָɽֹͬʱޱȵĸо
ĳ棬Ƶԯ
ϵǵӰԺһͷʲô
Դͷ
ǱϵǸˣͳһ£춨лϧﰮ֮Ӳϵ
˵춨ĲֻǵϵĴһͳлصꡣ
ҲûԼȻһַʽλԯƵۡ
ȴ֪ӵһΪ֪ݡ
ʵţ
ڴŴѾԼĸоǰǵڣһ֮ʯĺָоԽԽǿҡ
һ̣ҲǸӲѣʱûϵλȻԼһҲһλԽߡ
ܿ죬ŤͷһѾֻʣ¾壬ɫ˵Сʣʧǰ㳯Ŵȥ
һѾһ࣬칬ٳ޴ģСݣһ㣬ͼǱʵѾ֪С˵ֱһ̣ǰʵ
ǸһɳСӰ룬ȱˣͬʱѵСˣԶʧˡ
ˡ
ִﱦǰС̲סǾʬϣĺᡣ
Ҳ̲סһƬȻ
Сʻֻ࣬ˣʵ޶¡
ˣ
ͬʱһ̾Ϣ޾İˣͻȻ
üģһɫĹâŷת˲֮䣬ɵĹ⻪֮нһӰ˸߹ڲĿ⿴űϵǵӰ˫֮¶޾ıݡ
ǹӣ
忴Ӱɫȴû˿⡣
ǹڳ֮ǰµһӡǰĽֻһõӰѣûκıȻڵ棬Ȼꡣ
Сӣϣܰһæ
һڶڤڤУ˳֮ǰʯǰӶԼ˵Ƿ
֪ǰʲôԸֻҪܰ쵽һȫԸ
ʱڵ
ûô鷳ֻҪһ¡
ӿĿУһָģһӡ
ǰǣ
ضʣǵִﲻȻûκ壬һȻסҶˡ

ⷬԻڹһ̾Ϣн
ûж˵ûжʡ
ֻǣʱ˿̣ٴλ룬ͻȻ֮䣬ָоʦͽģһεжǲڳ֮ǰʵѾ֪ʲô
ǲж֮ǰ֪ԯ
ֻһ˲ع
СʡӺԯʱһǧǰǶͺʦͽʱ̣ʱκ鶼Ҫ
ĬĬվһԣûдš
ʱҲ
Ҳ
Ϊʦһվǳˣ

ʹı۾ֳһֱɫΪȵı˶
һ̣дѡ
һƾӡǲֲģʣľѾʧأңǰĹӣ˵ĸоҲһֱĮϿ飬ǧ֮⡣
һ̵Ĺӣ˵ĸоޱȵĴһͨͨڱ֮еˣ˶ƺ˥ࡣ
ǱϵӰڱ˵ֻһ߸ϣǾĴ˵ǶǰĹ˵ȴĵӣһˣϹעѪϣ
ʦͽҲѣ֪ˡ
ֻٴȴѾ
ǰ
̾ϢһŲǰȥο
ڰ˳䣬СݻţҲԸġֹ֮죬ñٴݣ
Ƶԯʼʡȥ졭֮ͨ·ѾΪʬԶ޷뿪ˣЩ˶Ǳս
칬·ʦٶ˿ڣֹһУ֪жҪС
ңҲţƵԯ칬Ŀ磬ġ칬޷ȫתҲӦǶϤһС
еһУԭġ
һһЩ
Ҳ˵ģԼ縺ġʹ
ˣһҪСݱ𣡡
ʱСҲǿеıʹ̧ͷǰ
ΣһҪ
˵С˫Ŀͨ죬б̹ǵĳޡ
š
ĵ˵ͷ
һ㲻С˵ҲǲŹġ
飡
ŲǰȥڻƵ۵ĶģѾоǿ֮ʯƬĴڣֻҪջǿ顰֮ʯġ֮ʯƻͻǰͬʱҲܾϣ
ΣǾԲ֮ʯ롰족С
Ȼ˵ʱʱ죬ǰűһ̨׵ʱ򡪡
䣡
ҽŲƫУ̤ǲ̨룬һأƴССϡ
Ǹ󷨼أھ嶼ûע⵽
˵ĿУ̤ĵطâ䣬һͼͻȻ̨ϣһЩ̫ͼֻSηֽĵطȴһѵĽɫ
¡¡صͼѸ󣬻ΪһӰͬˮһ㣬Ѹٷ䵽˲Ϣ֮䣬۹ҵĲ
ǰģͬ㣬޾Ҳ궯
ֹˣǾ޴ıϣһֱĻƵԯҲͻȻ˶
꣡
ֻһ죬˵ĿУԯڱϵ΢ɲĶһ£ȻǸϸСĶȴ׷ױɫ
ˣ
ͽ

ʱĪСʺ͹ӡ
ϵԭֻһ߿տǣһɲǣ˺Ȼԯڸоһ˿ܵľ񲨶ͻı仯˾ϲѡ
һԵͬǳȣֻһ˲ͷӦǱϵĻƵԯûл˸оĽһǧǰµһʶ
ʶһֱڱӡ״ֱ̬̤ǵ̨ϵͼŴʶ
Ȼ˼飬ҿкܴżȻɷ֣ţһеǧǰһλӦһжԤ֮УеһжΪ֮
ͷոӹԺһ̣͸оϴһ
Ǳԯʥԭһֱϣ֮Уһֻ̣еԯʥͻȻޱȣͬһһ㣬ֹˣڽ֮вͣƺͻȻ֮ܵһǿ
ϣ
ʯ䣬ֻһԽĳϵǱԯʥ·ӵһ㣬ͻȻƿնϷɳԶ˱ǵΰӰС
ԭܰĻƵԯһɵĹ⻪
ʵʮţڵȵˡ
ʱһͻȻԺޱȡ


ڶǧʮ һǧǰ־

׼ԷһڽԼݣ˵ʮţҲкݺһѡ
һǧǰ֮ͨʯԽ磬ԯڣҲֻܹˣôִ֪˻ԼҾ׼֪ʮţ
˵ƵԯʵԶԼһѾ֮ͨʯʲôҲԤеԼδ
һƬû̫ʱȥ˼һ̣ͿɵĹ⻪ͬɽͰΰӰͻȻһ£һ˫ϵĿͻȻԼϣƺ¶һ΢ЦһֻƣҲӱ΢΢̧硣
ˣ
һ̣һ۵ԲͻȻӻƵԯƿն˲ûԼڡ
ֻǰһڣһۣ忴ǣƺСϺܶľԲƿնֱһԵСʺ͹ڣȻʲôˡ
ǰһƬ谵ֻһɲǣֺͣ޾ĺڰ֮УȻһ֣ͬһʱ䣬һƽޱȣԺ
ͬľˡ
ǰĹâѸٱ任ϵǹ֮У忴һӰһʮ꣬Ű׳ų㣬ϴһ˿ϤִϢȴ޷жĸʱ
Ҳ֪ĸʱӦúһͬϲʱҲϲЩĶԴǵˡ
һ̣ǰһ忴Ϊһ⣬û뵽һɽ֮УͦжǵŮС
忴ǸӤ׹أ㵸ӣĵĴЦҲŮͷңȴʥĹâһϲõĻӤĶŪ߸
һɲǣȻԼĿ±ǻƵԯһ
忴Ӥ׳ɳ۵ĺͯӢ꣬Ȼѧ䣬ͬԳýݣȺɽ֮ƽء
߳ԽԽˣһԣһ֣һȼһսѪһһĵˡ忴ЦޣҲ˵ףм񡭡
Щƽƽͨͨû̫رĵطһУȴһ޷Ĵ
˵ûͬľʼʱҲǿҵУǰһжһϷֱһ̣ЩΪԼȥȻ֮ȻЩ˺ˣѣֵܣһĶԴĻˡ
Լļˣ
ΪԭԼŻʲôΣնη壬ʲôĶֶȫԸȻǡ
ǵ磬Ҳǵ磬ΪЩǰˣԸȫԸȥеϵְһʹҲһΡ
ˡԯٴԺһ̣忴һƬϣһССԴӵص͵͵˳Ĵܡ
ССӰ岻ɲЦ˳
Сʣ
ӦڵСʣҲǻƵԯһκʱ
ȻܿͿһӰԱ̽һֱۣһѽСʴӵصץ˳
СڿеȣͣһԵǹЦ
Ҳע⵽ϵ֮ǰԯͬһͣɲǼʱ׹ͬʱߣһλӦرԼʲô
Ȼкܿ㴫ǸϤ
СҵĳҲҵѣһɳзǳҪˣҲǼˣ
Щ˸е忴Щ˼䣬һһڲݵˣ֣״̬СʶʱڵĻƵ۴Զ£Եģһһ޵ĸԽԽ
СʻΪԷҲΪС˶˫ۣŭڡ
ҹҹõĻ飬Ҳõѣ˫˴ΣΪ˶Էһеȥս

Сʣкܶû˵Ҳ޷֪ĶˣδǺ£ҰԯڶѨ֮Уָܹҵ㣬û⣬ٴεִӦһǧˡ
СҾͰˡ
˵Щ˸е
޾ĺڰУҲ˻ƵԯСʷ޵Ԩʱһ̣˾ϣ忴ʹ࣬ᣬκ˼
ڤڤ֮УԺʶ˵СԺеõļ䣬һɲǣҲһƬȻ
ԯҪС𵽵صףһӦѾʲô
İɣһᱣġ
а
Ѿ֪һλˡ
һ飬ǵ֮ʯǲȱȫģֻмȫƬõ֮ʯ֪յ࣬ӵиı˵ΣԲõ֮ʯ
ʱ򣬻Ƶ۵ٴޱȣǰĻƵҲģ˱ӡ
ףһеĻ֮Դ칬ƻΪҪһȻƭ칬Ҳҷı
Ҫ磬ɹ칬͸ÿ䣬԰ԼԸ磬Ը޸ĨʷΪĿܺʱԣϣҪһ磬Ψһۣ
ʲô
Ƶ۵Ļһ
칬ܹ۸˵ļ䣬֪ģ֪칬ܹ˿ڣ֪칬ܹ硣
ҹҲ˵ôҪѪ࣬άԼ֮Լ޲칬֪ν޲Ȼǽ칬һԿ磬յռ
ôܣ
Ȼ𾪣Ҳ֪һλ˵ľд
һ̣֪߲Ա칬ͬ磬칬ĺѹʹļƻ޷ʩչκоͷʱҲζµѾ޷ѹ̫ˡ
칬볹׻ٵ򣬲ӶãվܹʵԸ绯Ϊ˳Ϊūҵµ֮ʯЩ⣬ֻܰȡʱ䣬ΣԾԲɹ
еһжˣģҲڴеһжսᣡ
˵仰ǰеĹӰͻͨͨʧˣһۣ忴ģǻƵԯģ޼кϣ
ˣ
һΣʶ壬ٴο۹˱ϻƵԯʬҲĹӺСʡ
ĶƵԯµļ䣬Сʺ͹ƺҲ˻Ƶǵļ䡣
СݣСݣҲӦ뿪ġ
忴СʷڻƵ۵ʬϣͣĺޡ
Ȼ֪ƵСʵľ˵ʲôһĻʱСʿѾ֪еǰ󣬻Ƶվһķʽ
಻Զĵط΢ͷ˫գһյˮ˳ջ
ж᲻ᵯֻԵδĴʱˮȴĺ޻Ҫʹ顣
ͽĵȥɣΪʦһΪ㱨ģ
ӴڰУ

˵ʱʱ죬ʱͻȻһЦ۹𣬻û˷Ӧһ̣۹𶯣һ춯صľ죬һضΪ֮ɫĿֲͬʯһ㣬ײ۹ϡ


ڶǧʮ ŵ
꣬һ죬˵ĸ֪У۹ΧǿĽɫϣͺڿһȱڣȻ½ࡣ
ã
Сģ죡
ڣһƬţϢϤ˭Ҳû뵽ȻʱֱͻΧĽơ

Хӿعڵˮ궯˵ĿУһӰѸٳ˴֮С
졣
쵰Ҫɱ㣡
ڣĪСˣʯ䣬ֻһŭСʿе죬˫Ѫ죬͵س˹ȥ
ûпͱסˡ
Сʣ侲۹Ľ粢ûƣֻǴͨһȱڣԼһϢͶӰı塣

ĸ֪ǳ񣬻ƵԯµĽѾһǧ꣬ûôܱ˲˺ѡ
һ࣬ӣͼҲˣˣɼΪš
ڴ֮ǰԯӦԽȫ⣬⻹ǵһϣͶӰֻܽһӰӣ˵ҲʲôϢ
ζ칬Ŀڲϼǿ
һ࣬ڰУû壬ͼСʣĿֱӾ˹ӵһͶӰϣ
ӣ޹ȻûпһжĹ
û˵ֻĶ
ҪԼͽܱ𣬲ÿЦ𡣱˭㲻ǺԪʦͽܣȴʵҪ仹бЦ𣿡
춢ŶĹӵǼ
䣡
ԭȫʱͻȻ仰ʱʶǰĹӡ
һ࣬ͼͬ¶𶯵ɫ
˵˵Ϊǻ𣿡
ͼ
˫ΪУ˵ĻֻҲ̫Цˡ
޴ӣҲôΪ𣿡
Ǽûпͼ
ڣ˵Ŀȫڹϡ
ʲôɱ˵ģҶһƶһУź켣źս𣿡
˶
һ࣬˫գ¶ʹɫȴûκη
¡
һĻ˻жʱɲ
壬һҲ¶𺳵ɫ
ȻţӵѾ˵һУ˵ľȻģ
˵˵ɱСݣ
СŭХ˵ģһֶš
˶֪ǻƵԯʦôܣ
ͼͬ𺳲ѡСʲͬͼҪǵöֻ࣬ͼΪǰ̫ӣҲ̫ˡ
ӺͻƵ۵ʦǧẈ̂ҹӿƵʬʱֱʹҲ¶˼٣ҲΪˣ˵Խ𺳡
ݺƵۣ
˶޷ܡ
ӣΪԯʦ˵𣿡
һЦʼգĿʼղСʣƺУֻһӡ
ھĵģ˵ĿⶼŹӣϣ˵ʲô
Ȼһʼղ䣬ֻϵԽʹ౯ݡ

ŹӵıӰ̾ϢһͻȻǰһ
죬ò䣬ǰ֯һԱʵ˵٣ǰûУҲȥƵԯϣҲֻǱãˣҲʧȥӡصף
ʵڹӵݣ֮ǰ²⣬ʼգ嶼ûлɹΪƭ˵ġ
ϣŹӡ
죬ҷСȻɱȴжΣڵǵûиһ㣬ԭίСݣ˽յĻ
ʱ򣬹۾˵ˣ͸һޱȵĻںޣ
㲻лˣҲСݵıݣ
˵󣬹죬Ŀᶨޱȡ
һƬĬʱͼҲ׹Ȼľ徭ʣڻƵԯϣӱˡ
һ˵ûӲȥԯ֪һ㹻ˡ
뵽ıȻࡣ
УӵĻ˵ķӦɫҲ粻
ߣ޵ҪһƲлƾʲôֹޣ
һʱñޱȣĿһתһԵ壬ڵ
֮ӣһǧǰʹˣͬĻٴ㣬Ⲣ磬һкǲû̫ϵϵ㷢룬ϵ֮ʯ޵Ӫ޿֯ĸ죬δλûʮֱ̫֮ϣ
޴δ磬޿Ժһ
츳ƽҪˣ󴫳ߣļԪ֮ӡ
ޣڣ
һϵ
ⷬ˻Ȼɫ
ͼ壬ⷬ仯ôû뵽ģ쾹Ȼ巢룬֯ԸôߵλãһӦĺϣ˵ģľĩս١
ˣҪ
СȻеŭ
Ǻǣ죿ǿ
ɱ̫Ǭɱ̫ʼɱôƻǵľƻЩ㶼ƽ㲻Ǳ𣿡
ͻȻЦûдӦҲûзϡ
ΪʲôҪɱأ
Ԥϣҡҡͷ
ԼԪΪγȣǳֻǴ󽭴еһ˻΢˵ĳԹ˵ޱҪǵǣӵ޵ͻЩֵһᡣ
ұ۵ֱ̫Ҳ𣿡
巴ʵ͸һ˿
㲻ұֻۣʮ飬̫Ǭ̫ʼ䣬̫ɱ̫ԪҲڣ̫̫һں֮ǰͱޣȻˣȻҲǻ飬ڣֻ֯ʣ̫ء̫̫ϡ
ʮֱ̫һɲ䣬޵ıӡ͸ɸѡµʮֱ̫µ֯ˡ
䣡
һ赭дУȴͬһ£첨
ʮֱ̫
µһ֣
Լû⣬ȴǵһδĿеõȷϣʮֱ̫һɲ䣬һһֲͣ仯ͬʱҲζţʮֱ̫һˡ
ӣ
ʯ䣬ĿӹӵӰ˲Ϣʲô
Ǻܿ죬˼㱻ˡ
ΣֻҪӦպʮֱ̫ͳ졣ĸĸҲȫκãȵĩս٣ҪҲԱڿصˡ
Щŵνף޾ϵȨУţûɲӦرܹĸȫ
Ŀ£˵ĿȫϣҲ⡣


ڶǧʮ Ļᣡ
̸֮ⷬڤڤѾʦͷӶ
հÿ£ͷɫòƺ˼ŵ
һĻ¶һ˿Цݡ
Щ֮ӣ˵һĴԽߣǵ˽⣬ԶȺܶҪĶࡣһܳΪһ֮֮ϵoû˿뿪ǰ֮֮ʦǵѡ

Ȼһգ۵ʱ䶼һЦ˼̧ͷŶ죬ͻȻڵ
Ҿܾ
ⷬնû˿ɣ˲ɫ
죬ɣ˵ٶҲûã̫Ǭ̫ʼЩ˶Ĺ˵һΪǱͷûС̫Ӧĸɣڵ֯൱ڸĽɫҼ֯Ҹλãʹ֪𣿡
嶢죬ǳ
棬ıɫʣ̫غ֪顣
̫رȻ顣
ĬƬ̺
ȻΪʮֱ̫νĸ죬˵ף˶ֻõĹߣͺǰһǵ޹ؽҪֻҪԸ⣬ʱǣ滻ǣô˱㣬˵𣿡
弥
˵ֻһõӰûκ塣
ڵѲǰ壬һ֣һˣԼԡѪɳԲˣҲڱ֮ΪԼ¶ԷԼսѡھӡݣԼѡʦֵܣԸ׷ҳϵĲ£еĴưա
ŵһУøĸֳǻʦаˡ˴峤»ع飬Ҳ޷ǽ¾绯ΪһƬ𺣡
ҪǣӲ졣

ĻڲȻŭһɲ칬ҵĲΧҲŷڡ
Ϊʸ࿹޺ȰΪκβֻ޸Ļᣡ𲻴Ӧ޹ؽҪΪҪõչܵõһɱԯӺеõ֮ʯƵ۲δ֣ͬԻɱ㣡
Ϊֹô꣬һһνЩ˷Ž̽·ȻЩ˶ʧˣ޻ǳɹˣ̤۹ʱ޵ļƻѾɹƵ۵Ѿʼܿͻȫ˻۹Ҳ칬
ֻҪ칬֣ûκֹޣӣһǧǰֹˣһǧֹͬˡ
ȻͳͳޣǾͺһɣ
ޱȣһӴƴڱ¡¡һɲ칬֮𶯣֮֮ǰκһζҪҡ
һ˲䣬˶ɫر壬иޱȡ
һγԻɱʼʺͺۣҲζţڹȥʱУٻ֮ʯƬ
ֹˣĻͻȻȫ׹
ĳǸԶĻҪӽ֮ͨ·һԭкܶλֻɱǣǲ˳˳ˮûκ谭ͽ칬ġ
첻ܣǹˣ
֮ǰÿνӽһʱ򶼻ܵ칬𶯣ϢҲڴʱٽӽһжȦףڲͣĽԼͼϵ칬ĸһ·뵽Ƶԯڵ۹
ꡰءж춼п緢ֻ֣ǹ޶öѡ
һߣͼҲ׹˵ɫѿޱȣվǱˡ
ߣ֮ʯ˴˻ԯУ磬ռ޵칬ģ޸⣬޾֪Ȼ뽫ϵ֮ʯһ֮ӣһж޵ԤнУ޵Ҫƾʲôܾޡ
Ц
˵̫ˡ
ʯ䣬һδ䣬¡һɽɫƺƵӿ糱лΪһֻ֣غ졣
ȻâһӰʧٳʱѾɿ⡣
̸ѣǿϧ֮ӣ޻Ƿǳϣܼ޵£һҲͬȫ㡣޳칬֮ʱͺһȥɣ
ڹŴ˵ʱƳһ۱ϵĻƵԯޱȡ
ˣ
âһӰѸɢͬ˵ϢҲ۹ʧ
úʱɣ
ȥԶܿʧ˵ĸ֪С
ͬһʱ䣬칬ҲһӴ칬˷۶Ӹ򲻶ײڻƵԼڳһ𿪱ٵΧϡ
һײܼ꣬Ϣϱ任ƺʱᱻ״ݻ١
ֹˣ˵ĸ֪УϢҲ΢˵û˽ʱʼƵԯٵͲԭƵ黹ƿС
ڣ˲˵Ŀ׷׼еϡ
壬иõϢ㣬ͨϣһȱڵʱҲϵ˱壬ЩҪһ¡
ǰͻȻص
ˣ
ָһ죬˵ĿУһδָһ̣ձ任ܿ죬һ޴ͶӰڴİС
¡¡
һƵ˺ܿ쿴һɫľ޴Բ
칬
Ƥһ˳
ʼȣ칬Ϣǿ࣬һɹȵĽͬ˰칬ŷ칬еԽƺˡ
˵ûƵԯع飬칬ĺ»ԭ
鷳
ӵӶߴһ̣칬ͶӰ·Ӱ֣ۣգ֮۳ʦͶӰʹȸ̫֡¥ǷӪء¥׳վһжϤĳ
ھʦĽУӰ䡢ӵܡСͯŻɡĸС㡭һۻûиоʲôһ̣ЩӰ͵Ŀ⣬˷·ľżͷһʱɫޱ䣬ʲô
칬ڸգҲͬڸգھʦǧİѾ칬ƣȫʧȥǣʣµ˿ҲĿС
ӵٴһӣǰĳ֮任о޴칬ȼģͬĽɫЩٲб£ʦ
Ŀһϸ緢˿ĽɫͬƽһӰڣʦ԰Ƶ˿ھͺھеһſŹʵ㴮һʦѾѡ
ȻǹӽҰǡ
ʱ䲻ˣ죬ھʦжҪɣʵϣʱܸ̣ΪѾڴӾʦЩƵϳȡٶ칬Ŀƣ浽һʦ˿һҴ棬ȫѪҲ׶칬£ûκܶԸ졣
ɫص


ڶǧʮ 칬İأ
ţÿжġ
ıɹ˵ȻҲʹĩ١ҰģԻٴʵоƻֻһΣҲû赲
ͼ˵ҲζƻԼƵ۹Ĩ
ֻһ˲һܿع
ڻûеʱȻлᣬԯһӦԵĲԺ
һ仰ϵԯ
ǧǰƵԯַͨʽƶϵԼĵñӡ칬ģǧ֮󣬻ƵҲӦԤϵǰһĻ
ҪǣƵϻ֮ʯƬ
ˣ
ָһ죬˲˻Ƶ۵źüġ
ɲǼ䣬˵ĿУԯü͵رһɶĿĹ⻪һɱ֮ǳҪҫ۵ľ
֮ʯ
һ۱˳
Ƶԯϵ֮ʯԼķǳƣߵʺϢҲһģһ廹һ۱ߵĲ
ԼԺе֮ʯȣƵԯ֮ʯԲȱȫֻ֮һС
ڤڤУüͷ΢ɲһ£ڣҲһЩͬѰʥʻǻƵԯ֮ʯ֪ΪʲôܲԶûԼԺе֮ʯ
ͷԺзӶֻһ˲ͻع
ЩҪҪֹ죬Ⱦʦ԰Ƶİա
ˣ
һһֻ̣ǿڻƵԯ֮ʯһ˸ΪһûڣѸٺüе֮ʯںһ
ϲʵŵ֮ʯƬ֮ʯȫƻǰȰٷ֮ʮǧ㡣
ʵŵ
ٿ+1
ٿ+1
ֻս׳ʱ+1
ʵǰľǿȡ
֮ʯǿԴռչһħ֮ٶȷ
֮ʯƬзʵŵĶģԶá
ע⣬ںҪһʱ䣬Լһյ裬нںϺ󷢷š
ͬһʱ䣬֮ʯȻԺ𣬶һ󴮵ĽĿ嶼ЩĿϾӣԴռ䡢ǿȡ㡢ֻսסĿõǿ˲ٿǰδйġ
֮ʯĲ̶ֱӼ˶ʮ࣬û뵽ġ
ãعͻȻ֮䣬һԥУ
壬ţŹâʲô
عͷŷͼһĿԼֹӡСҲͬɻ
ǲǿ𣿡
ɫһ㵣ʶ
Ȼ˵仰˸Ի飬Ҫ˵ʲôͻȻһӹԺʱʲô
ͼӡСǿ
ԼȻû֮ܿʯ
ͼʱɻѣһֱ壬ȻֻһŽɫĹââпյģʲôҲûУ̣ͼ֪ʲô
ֻǸоⷬУϢȷʵǿ˲١
ӦСĶ壬ʱ䲻ˣͿˡ
ʱ򣬹뵽ʲôͻȻڴϵ
ÿ˶ԼܣȻ֮ܶڿڡ
š
˵ͷܿߵ˴һǡ
֮ʯ廹ͬʱõ˻Ƶԯһݺ칬صļ䣬ЩҪʱȥȡ
¡¡
ϥµʱһ춯صľ첻ϴӹ⴫˵ĸ֪УһһӴΧĽϡ
ڵ칬յϡ
ʱ䲻ˣ
У
һ࣬һܿԺлƵԯµϢ
ˣâһֻǰһڣ˲Ϣ˵ľ뵽һռ䡱С
ܽ뵽˵Ѿõҵ֮ʯ
ڤڤУǸϤ˲Ϣ䣬ƬڰĿռУٴοԯֻɫȴޱȡ
ͬҲζʱ䲻ˣҾͰ֪һи㣬ϣҲ¡
Ƶԯģƺ͸һ޾ź
ھ͸칬ܡ
ܹӰ仯գۼ䣬巢Լٴγ۹Уһж¯ƵשһжһģһΨ˹ӡСʺͼ
ȻⲢ۹ǾģͶӰȻ۹ѸСΪһԲ
칬Ϊʮ㣬ĵһ㣬Щ죬û˿ԽӴ
䣡
Ƶ۵ٴδԺ𣬶ǰһѸٱ仯һһӽṹԲϳ֣ס۹Ȼһذסǰһأ˴˻ֻͬһӴ󷨣ÿһ㶼һͣת
ԽΧԽԽӴ󣬶ʮԲ֣칬ͱһȻɲǼ䣬һӴȻһ壬칬бŷ
һ
ǰת칬ͻȻӿһ칬ΪʲôˣΪʲôҲ޷֮ȣϸ˵칬һʮӴӵһ𣬹ɵĸ
ֶֻǿȻʮںΪһӶǿ칬
ĿУԴԴϵ͹ͬӰ칬ڲˢա
һ廹û⣬һ̣ЩɫâѸٱ仯ǻΪһţȻ칬Χݻ¡ɽ㡢ޣֹˣһȦ֮⣬ĽٴݻȻݻ޾ǳһɫǹɵӡ
ôܣ
дΪ𶯣Ȼǰľڱ仯֮⣬廹˴ơǡڶϵ

һĻҲͲסôû뵽칬Ȼƶݻ
±κĶҪǿöࡣ
ֹˣһΪʲôƵԯµ־˵ܹˡ
ԲͣݻţܹģⲻһԱġ
оֹ󸲸ǵķΧԶԶ½磬뵽޾ʱ֮С
õϢԪ֮ǰżȻõһʯ˷ġ
ƺܵе𶯣Ƶԯٴ
˵ʱ򣬺䣬Ŀһž޴ʯɢ޾Ĺâ׹ڵϡ
ںܾ֮ǰҪһռһԿĳǿöʯ˳ɹĿܣһ˺ܳʱ̽칬̺Ĺ塣
ԯӶߴ䣬𶯣ڰ֮У忴칬ͶӰȻһ漴Ӱ仯칬·ͻȻֳһ޴ĿհԲ
ֻգۼ䣬Բ仯һ޴̫ͼ
ͼһ磬һڰ߻Ϊ̫㣬βвͣת任
̫ͼΧܿ쿴һԶԺڰɵķ顣
ǡ
һ


ڶǧʮ 磡
һ̫ǣ࣬ԣ󡭡칬̫չ۲⵽Ļ籩֮Ĵ̺˴ͬʱҲıʡ
Ҳ̽鵽칬ıʣ֪ܣҲٵԾ󻼣ֻϧʼ޷칬⾳ƣƣܴݻ١龫ǣķҹҹѪݽߣҲûƳĴһֻܽˡ
֮ʯһߣҲĳߣϣܹƳ칬죬Լû顣㶼սˡ
Ƶ۵ܿ쳹׵ʧˣһ仰жȻġ
ʦ˿ڣ½ȫѹϣѹڴ֮ǰйġ
ˣ
ǰһлȥʶҲع壬ۣϤһٴӳֻڻƵԯϢ׵ʧˡ
һ̣֪ƵĳʧˣûκεϢ¡
ô
ʱһУ񣬹ӣͼС˶壬ɫǹġ
Ƭ̣ûѻƵ۸Լ˵Ϣˡ
һصıԴߵĴҪ볬ԽߵĴܡ
ĻҲüͷҲǳġ
˵ıԴ࣬أ棬ַͨʽͣķܱ仯
Ƶ˵Ƴ칬ķӶûа˵ˡ
ˡ
Сͷ壬ֹ
˵Щʲô˼֪˵æˡ
İɣһа취ġ
ḧһСʵͷ­ο
ܿ죬վߵһǣϥ£˳˼֮С
ͼӵҲͬ¶˳˼ɫûдš
ʱÿ˶취ϣܹ⡣
ʱ仺ȥ۹һƬš
䣡
֪˶ã˼ʱԺ֮ͻȻһ֮ʯϤٶ
ϲںɣǰ֮ʯɳ̶Ȱٷ֮ʮٿ֮ǿٿ֮ǿԴռ䣬ǿֻսס
ϲʵŵĶģ
ϲʵŵľǿȣ
н裡

֮ʯ䣬ֻûһͬһʱһӴɽХһ㣬֮ʯбŷ͵س֫ٺǹޱȣɲǼֻûȼһ㡣

ͺһʹ಻ѣͬһʱӴģ˼Ĺ룬
ֹˣľǿޱȣԶͬǿߣʱ˿̣һ˿壬Ҫǿľ͵عעԺ֮С
ɾޱȣκεԣ£գ֮ͱһأһԾ˵ٶӡ
֮죬˲ʹﵽĳּޣоԴҪѿһ㡣
һԵõǿĽ
ˣ
ͻȻıҲ˴˵ע⣬˷׷˹
˵ĿУĸӾˣֻͻȻǿֲڴڻΪһƬΣնֲ
ֹˣ˵ĸ֪УȫϢ۹ڵնŤ
ӴĽѹƣϵı仯ķΧ»Ҫʮڡ

ʱ򣬺ȻһͬʱһޱȵĴִ׵紩۹ϷУϡ
ˣ
Сһʶ˹ȥǺܿͱֹˣ
ҪȥСݵĳϣڽСµռڴķӿڡ
СһʶȥȻ屻׵УˣϵϢԽԽǿ
˷޾Χγһ޴Уͬٴ뺣㣬Ͻڡ
ҪȫСݵҪһʱ䣬ʱ䣬ǾͲشˡ
ӵ
һ࣬ͼҲ˵ͷһ˺ܿ˳۹塣
һ࣬ڵı仯ȴԶûн
ϲ֮ʯȴá硯
磿
屾֮УæڼõȻ֮ⷬʱعдΪ⡣
磬˼ͶӰģøɨܵ󣬲ͶӰ
ߣͬʱߵʵһ㣬ռУԿͶӰĿ֮꣬ս
⣬ռ仹ͶӰɽʯľеĵƣԼ󡣴⣬ܹ̽ʱͶӰΧеĴԪʱգλ棬Ѱҷս
ֹˣҲܹգ̽棬Ұ꣬ȷ򣬱ʧ̫֮С
򵥵˵ͶӰ棬ֻӴĲ֡
֮ʯĽͣдΪ⶯
ռܹͶӰ߽
Ȼԣ
֮ʯĻظĻҪ죺
ռܹͶӰȻܹͶӰķ
ϲ
֮ʯִٵ壬Ȩޣռ䣬ɨ칬
ԥ
ȻûԸ칬ķܹϸţ칬оϸṹͶӰҵԸ칬ķӦкܴİ
յ磬׼ɨ裡
֮ʯܿ𣬶һεģ֮޷ŷӴ칬
һ̣ǰһ˵ʶ˲룬뵽֮ʯ֮С
ԼԽǰǸɨͶӰһ㣬һṹ޵УӾֲ壬һһڽڵͶӰ
֮ǰƵԯչʾĲͬͶӰ칬ҪϸµĶֻ࣬ڲĹӵķṹذϸСʯϵ覴ã칬·ƣӿͽ˻ͬܵʾ
ǵһأȻڶأء
Űյ֮һ칬֮С
Ѿ֮ܳΪͶӰˣٽˣֻС˺ܶѡ
ܹȡͬĲϣܹһ΢칬
ϸ³̶ȣ循̾ѡ
ͶӰɣڣͶӰĿ⣬ռҪǸеһжͶӰںʶɣʱ٣ʶ˼ʱٶȸԽΪʶʶеʶ
ܿ죬֮ʯٴ
ʶеʶҲ˵еʱЩǱʶ


ڶǧʮ һգ
˼֮ʯ˵ԣ巴⡣һ磬Ǳʶĸͺձ飬ʱٺǱʶ࣬ȷʵΪԼȡʱ䣬ڴʱ˵Ϊ
һ̣ܿ쾲еעȫǰͶӰ칬ϡ
ʱȣ֮ʯİʱҲˡ
ʱ۹һƬǴ֮ҲûгֹֻԯĹûֹͣ
ڿĹ£ԯڲϵ۹ڵҲԽԽ
ȻѾ˽칬ԭҲ֪˴µķҲȴʼճٳûнչ
˴ʱٽǣҲһΪҪƽ칬죬ԶûôףֹϵĴڶû˿취˵ˡ
ֻܿˣ
ܼ׵ĺŴʶŤͷ塣
Сѡеģܷжûס
СݣϣǶԵġ
а̾Ϣһ

ӿ㳡ͼСҲͬıӰѾȫϡ

ͬʱӵʱһӰڴƻʹ֮У̧ͬͷϿա
˵ʱ콫칬˿Թ۲⵽Ļôڣ۷̥ܹʦϿգǾ޴칬塣
ļƻѾӽβʦȫ칬֮УһѾˡ
ھʦϿգͬɽһ칬̫ͬĿĽ⣬ͷųĳѹκΪ֮Ϣ
ʲôֲ޴칬ֲֿҲðʦҷ𣬻Ϊޡ
ˣʦ֮ȴһƬƽһֻŵնûУΪһ֮⣬ʦٶ˿ڣѾȫĿ֮С
ʱľʦ˿ڣߴڼУߴڽϣһͷĿͣʬһ㡣
壬һоȫָˣ
ͷգа
ʹͷ·ʱ侲ֹһ㡣
쿪ʼ߾Ѿûһ̵̫๬ŮˣˣڣգעŸ߿ö޴壬˴״̬
̫͵дҲܰ㣬һ
۹ͣڣ
ȻнһУȴΪ
ܹΪӣ壬칬Ӱ죬ǰ״ȴûа
Ըоõѿ¼١
칬죬κʱ޶Զ㣡

¡
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ɽͰ칬һϣĽڷӵһٲ㣬ϣû칬С
һ̣ģΪ֮ɫӴ֮ƣٴҵĻΧԯ磬ɲǼ䣬ڲ޾ŷ
𣿡
ͻȻ֮䣬һЦӹ޾󣬴ƣû뵽Ϸ۹Уδ䣬۹йâһ˲ϢһϰԵӰ
Сģ
ͻȻֵ죬ͼӣ˶ٴУȻĿɨһ˵ķӦʱһЦ֮
һգĽҪ׻ٵ޷һһ֮޵жҲ׳ɹ˾ʦ˿ڵľѪ칬ӣʱ·һ
ӣ㻹ʧһֱΪǻĻʲô취ڿԯ˵⣬ҲһˣҲֻǶ๶Ӳдѡ
Ŀ䣬ż˵Ŀ⣬񿴴ִֻеһ㡣
쵰
Ļͼ߬ߺ޲ѡ
죬㺦Сݣ
ͼ侲ͿƣСʾͼĶ࣬һݣ컢˶ȥ
Сʣɣ
ʶҪֹѾˣĽֻһӡȻ˵ͶӰֻͽûκԣȻҲֹˡ
ǰҲҷ
Ȼһ࣬ȴɫһ䣺
޾ֻһͶӰҪҲ׾٣
ͬǱ壬ͶӰȴ͹ӣС֮
ӵ칬޷Сֻһ걾Դ첻ͬ˶۹Уĵ̣½ֻһͶӰҲ൱һ˵ķȻӵвС͹
һ£ۿСʾҪɢʱһͻȻڴ
죬û
䣡
δ䣬һֻɫƴɽ壬ȻӴзɳһѾķ
壡
һϲӦ
һһӰۣӴ塣
壬˶ɫ󶨡
ߣ
ʱٴһӿ룬գ֮䣬۹Ĺ㳡ϣӰһӰٴ֣գ֮ǰ޶¡
ͶӰ漰걾ʣ켸ͶӰپͶӰ٣϶ٴΣ˵û˿Ӱ졣
죬Ҫ˵̫ˣ˭Ц˭Цáûеһ̣㻹̸Ӯ
ʱ忴ŰеͻȻˡ
𣿡
ֻǳһЦ
޾ĿԴһʱ䣬ϣ㲻ʧ
˵䣬漴˫ſһЦ˵ĿУ۹棬Ӱãԯϣ˲¶Ⱥ۴αȵһ۾ͱ˳쾹Ȼ義ʦĳͶӰԯϡ
Ȼ۹УȻ͸Χ͸Ĺ֣ԯϵĳ
ɣ
ͼ⣬зŭѡ
˵ĽǶͷȥԯͶӰľʦĿͣľż㱻ٿصȺ
콫Щ龰ͶӰ칬ڲȻַʽ塣
ңֻҪûа취ֹˮͺ±롣
ٸһʱ䣬һ֮󣬾ǵڣ
Ӱȴ˲Ϣ칬ڳʧ
ȵʧ˶ۼߡ
ͼһ̧һεˣҲеĿ̽
칬ڲ˭Ҳ֪˵Ľ̸ʲôʱĶС
壬ôˣ
ȴƳĬ
ûУһ˺ܳʱ䣬û뵽ƽķ
ҡҡͷгġ
Ȼǰֵʮ㣬ʵϣиûаա
ҪƵ˵Զûôס
鷢չڣѾ嵱˺ܴĳ롣
ж֮ǰԭΪֻҪƻĺĲ֣ͿԻٵʵϣ칬ʮ㣬ʮ϶ΪһȻһ壬һʮʮһҪƻĵķٵֻ쿪޼¡
Ļѹ֣ޱȡ
ֻһˣһǽûлᣬƻҲΪʷ
ͼͻȻ
û⣬¾ƻҵһˣȻһֱֵĵĮԶκ˶ں
ˣʲôʱҶԶ㣡
СͻȻǰһ


ڶǧʮ 
һԣҲһص˵ͷ
ȻӴʱ䲢ãϣȴоһЩرĶ
һļ֣ƺϴڷ֣С˵ֹֻ죬磬ҲǴɾ̫Ǻӣϣ
ԸǣҲԼ
ʱȣܿͻص˴ڣٴν뵽֮С
ʱգ֮ǰȥ
ûж𣿡
ڵ⣬ŴıӰа
Ѿȥʱ䣬һһֱûжϵϢҲû˿ı仯
칬ԽԽǿȥǾûκλˡ
ͼɫص˵ʱ̧ͷһ档
ʱ䣬ԯ֮ľһ
ǽ
۹⣬ԭ޾һ㣬λҲǰƣͶӰľʦУԽԽӰľ׮㵹¡
ͼһĽͽ˵ϡ
ŵһһжѾ޷ֹ
ȻˣͼȻſơ
ʱ˿̣Уͬޱȡ
ôƵ칬
޴칬ͶӰǰüͷ壬һ
Źȥ˰죬˵Ѿȹʱ䣬ʱÿһ̶˼ȴʼûκνչ
ʱÿȥһ̣嶼һּ尾
һ칬ıԴǡһǿһһ⾳ǿģ޷ƣҪβܽ
üͷ壬
Ѿ˼˺ܾúܾãȴʼûнչ
칬ʼһյȴ޾磬ںʱգ쵽޾̫֮УԶûоͷͷ޷ֹģ޷ûֹĻҰջᷢչʲôز
ȴ֪һַֹһУǾڡ
ˮʹɽʹأγСϪγɽӣγɺһֱ޾ķɢȥ鲼磬ǵ󣬰ٴ뺣еĽӺȫص˴󺣣صǳʼġһ
칬̺⾳ȫһ칬ϣӦþͿԶԸ칬
Ψһǣһ㣬Ҳǻع鵽ġһֻǺ칬ǿġһƽƽ
޷ԽȻҲ޷ܣ
һֻǻصԭ㡣
ôӦô
ͷгޱȡ
ǿ츳ԶԶԽĻ籩˴֮Ҵ칬
Ȼ龫ǣ¼ϻƵԯİҲֻǴﵽ˺ƽƽĵزȻƽ칬һС
ô׸ô
˳˼
ʱգһʱȥʱֻʣʱˡ

֪˶ãӳ̾һҰ˲١
ôʱȥУܰһ
ԯĹϣͶӰľʦУѾ߳ϵʶ칬С
ˣһжѾˡ
ӳ̾һ
Ȼ˵ʱ칬ת¸ҪôŴ;ע칬ӴķֻתԽԽ죬ʵϣ໹һʱ
ӵĵĻֹ۹⣬Ƭ޾Ѿ˾ųϣʣµĺˮֻ൱һС
˵ĽǶȥΧԯ۹Ľɫ֮Ѿֻʮɾ룬Ҳζʱܹ
һ࣬ͼû˵˫գֻʣһʱ䣬Ҳڽ߾ȫҪͼҳƽķսֱϣһ͹Ѿ˵յĽ
֮ǰʱͼԸַͼƻ칬ҲʩչǿֱӺ칬ԭʼķƻ
ȻͼеĳԶʧˣԯͬóĽһһһ칬Ȼһ壬칬κһط൱ڹ칬
ͼĹһӴ칬棬ɢȥɢ칬ҵ󣬾ͼ칬ա
ܱƻͼзʽóĽۡ
¡
ڴ˼ʱû˿ףһӴĿֲ֮ȻײΧԯϣ޴ײʹ۹ҵĲ
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬ɫһ⡣
˵ĿУԯ۹֮ĺˮȻڣǹӴ˲ʧȥЩ֧ţΧԯȻգۼɫ⣬ػֻ֮ʣһȭľ롣
ã
һĻ˲ɫ˭Ҳû뵽ʱ򷢶
޸߿ˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ˶δ䣬ӰһһӰȻΧԯ⡣
죡
ǵϤӰɫޱ䣬ֹΪĳ֣Ϊʱ˿̳ԯĲͶӰ
ͻ֮вͬڵ˴ƾʦյľ˵ʵһɽ纣ʵʣϴڳˢ
һ̵죬ؼգҫ۵޷ֱӡ
Ȼˣ޽Գ֣ս磬һµ
˵ţָһ죬¡һ̣ԯ˲ѣ׷飬άҲķѣΪ촷ۡ

һĻ𣬾ӵɫѿޱȡ
Σ֮죬˶ֲ
ԭԤ˻һʱʱ䣬ڿʱ䡣
ˣ
Уһ̤˲ʧٳʱѾ۹Ľɫϡ
ɣӭǵ
Ŀһ˵ţһ߻ƣ۹ĽɫϣͬʱҲ˵һϡ
ã
Ƥһֻһǰδеѹһ̣˶ŵһŨҵϢ
ʵ̫ǿˣ
ΧԯƣʵֻҪٹһϣֻ·һ
Ҫǣ廹ڴ˼ԲߣȻ׼ʱ䡣
ͼ
ŤͷͼͻȻһ
䣡
ͬʱͼһһ̫˲£ͼ㼯ȫ͵һµ̫ͼ
ɲǼ䣬һɰͼµĴأѸٲ䵽۹Ľɫϡ
ʱ䣬Ȼͼ͹û˼ƽ칬ķȴҲǺ
٣ϵǰĹҵ˻ƵԯµĽŦҲ뵽ӹ̽磬Ϊȡʱķ
ˣ
Ȼõͼ쾳ļӳ֣ԭҡҡ׹ĽɫͻȻ֮ȹ˲١
ûõģѡ
ʱ˶ڽɫ⣬һֻֽ۹Ľɫϣû˿
ľȫΣȡأյ裿һ㣿
Į
һжԤУͼ˵ľٶ塣


ڶǧʮ ֲ죡
棬ͼΪʹͨ죬Ѿ˵
ѹԶпֲһ̣ͼֻ÷·ɽȫѹԼϡ
ͼ֪ĹԼֲ˶á
յ裿
߸٣
壬ûʱˣһжˡ
ͼҧڵأȻֻգۼ䣬ЩɫͱѪɫͼڵѪҺ͸ȫë
̶ֻʱ䣬ͼͺķѪԿˡ

ʱ˿̣УͬһƬš
ô죬Ӧô죿
ͷգ
ȻΣܸоı仯Ȼʱ䲻ˡ
Ӧôƻ칬
Ŀٴǰ칬ͶӰϣͷ
ʱδţÿһ̶˵һּ尾
ˣ
ͻȻվߵǸ޴칬ͶӰǰʳָȻͶӰ칬ϡ
һ̣˼鷢ˣ絹µĶŵư㣬칬ͻȻڣһ̮ٶԽԽ졣
һֹͣ칬ҲͻȻʧˣڰУֻʣһɫبڰС
յһ
һ
ͬģڣٴ纣һ̮ͻعյġһ
쿴һĻضޱȣΪ徹ȻɹڱԴռĹߵ˾˥䣬ܹߵ⾳Ѿ˼飬ԯǰҲû
ȻһУȴûаϲá
Ѿ˼ҲֻܺƽƽѣȻ̶ֳȣƻ칬˵졣
˵ת칬̺Ĵ򣬵ֻҪƲˡһһƲ칬
һֻҪһڣΪûκ塣
׸ô
Ժд˷
ʱδԽԽء
ѵûгԽһĴ𣿡

ˣ
ͻȻ䣬ĿӹеǸ顰һԺжȻһ⣺
ԣܹԽһĴڣ
ֻɲǼ䣬Ժиִ֣ϸȥͻֶᷢǡ0͡1
01ղͬ˳УһƬֵĺ
ȻͷԶЩ飬Լ01ͻȻЩֹͼͻȻɼ򵥵ӣӵɫʡ0011ǹͷ׵ģ޾
ǵԣ硣
һߵ
崩ԽǰǸ磬ĴԶֹһ
յġ1һյġ0
һ𣬱޾磬ǻ㣬ǳһж顣
01Ϊ磬߰Ǹ˵֮ΪϷ
1ߺյĴڣ0ǣ
01СҺ1һͬݻ
βܵõ0
Ժд˷ԽתԽ졣
һ£ʵһ£֪˷ƽİ취Զƽ칬
ˣ
һǰٴθֳ0101ϱ仯ԽԽ࣬кȻһΡ
01ԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽƣԽԽϸ£۾䡢˫֡·Ľ³һʯͷһƬء
УһչƬҶӵصȻѸΪһŲ
01ӣҳʼαеĶҲԽԽ࣬¥ӡɽ󺣡һһֻ֣Ϣһġ硱С
硱ԽԽƣΪһ򲻶СΧֳڶǳǡƬǴչԽԽ֡
̫ϵϵ󲻶չΪһɢâ״棬治תԽԽ
һ棬С
ͶӰֻʵʽӴĶǲͶӰһСģʵϣҲͶӰģ01ԼĿǰ֪ԭ֪ʶġ
ĳ̶ֳѾ룬Լ
ǰ貵΢棬¶˼ɫ
飡
һ̣߹ȥָһ΢һ£״ģȻһӴ濪ʼ̮ͬѸϨ
沢һֱǲšͣ͵һ̶Ⱦͻֵ̮ľ̮Ĺ̡
̮ĺܿ죬ֻ˲Ϣ䣬ԭ貵Сֻʣԭİٷ֮һһ
䣡
һоֹ̮ԭ΢泹ʧֻʣһ״ġһبڰУһ
յһһе㣬Ҳһеյ㡣
ᵽġ缦ӡָıһ칬Ҳǻͬԭ
ⲢԴ
һ˵ţһ߹ȥʳָһһá
飬һ죬һҲʧˣֻʣһϸС΢
˵΢׼ȷֻһ㣬Ťγɵĵ㡣
㣡
˲ȴ֪ĵͽǴ㿪ʼġ
յġ0
Ǹڵģֻ˵۸֪һ֤ǲͣģҲ˵νڣֻһʽѡ
ⲻۣʵ
֪Ӵڣȴû
ӣ˵ӡ
һץ㽫ġ㡱С
ǶԸϣ
ˣ
˼ʱռҶо𶯣͵رɫ
ûʱˡ
а
粢ǵڵģˣ۹͸崫硣
ϸ룬񣬿ʼԭģͣһҪķѴʱ䣬ü嶼ûаա
һɹһӾʦмȡ㹻ܹԯ۹Ľƺͽ糹װ
浽һһƽ칬ʱҲûκˡ
˫һգܿ찲

ͬʱһ࣬գͬӴ˶Խɫֵĳ
¡
һӴ̺ʱ֮ĸߵȼ˷ӿݺײ۹Ľɫϣҡҡ׹ʱѡ
ۣ
۹Ĺ㳡ϣͼһ͵ſһŨѪ˵ϢѸٻҰܡ
ֵڣ̶Ϣʱ䣬ͼͳشѪëױŷѽϵȾ죬Ͻ˿ͼױѪûʧ
ԶԶȥѾȫһѪ¡
ͼڣǲ֪۶˶ٹ֮ǰȣͼ˵Ϣ˥һأˣͼҧӲţû˿ҡ
ûõģݾݣܹסΣվһ
쵭ĮȻմ


ڶǧʮ Ԥ֮ӣ
Ҳգ޾ǳġ
һ̣칬ΪģΧʱնʱ˵ĿУ޴ľʦضԭʦлаٷ֮ʮ˿ʱһεϯʦ
飬գۼ䣬Ӱ飬Ӷľ׮׷׵¡
һʱ䶼ʣµ˿Ϥأ칬£ڵ;Ϊһͬʦһһ޴ĽɫƺƵ칬ֱȥ
ˣ
һĻ۹ڣɫʱɷޱȡ
ˣ
Ѿɹȡ˾ʦյȫ;Ѫûֹܹˡ
ֹˣӴޱȣˣټϴӵȡӴ۹Ľɫֻ֣̼䡣
䣡
ǹɴӵȡں;ñĻҪöֻ࣬գۼ䣬һӴĽǵأǰ㳯˵ķ
ɿֲǰһжһɫ۹嫵Ľɫâû
ڣһ춯صĺĽɫײɲǣ۹Ļֳˡ
ۣ
һɲǣͼҲ̲ס³һѪھ޴ķ£߷ݰ˳ȥ
ͬɳȥĻйӺСʣһɲ˵ޱȡ
ˣƴһվǵֵסѵƻҪڽ𣡡
һ̣ͼܲѡ
һսֹǺսսʧҲζĩճ٣ͼû뵽ԼƴȫҲվ޷ıˡ
һȺϣɣ
쵭Į쳹գУ޾ĸߵȼΪһƬɫӿȣ˷۹С
ѶͼǹӶǿ֮ĩɻصǰҳС
ۿ𣬾ҪУʱ򡪡
䣡
û˿ף𶯣һӴޱ޼ʣ̺Ȼ۹ڱֻһ͵Ľɫ
죬ˡ
һ۹ڴƽƽ򵥵侲ޱȡ
˶·һ£ͫһɫѿޱȡ
֮ӣ
ⲻܣ
Ŵ۹߳ǵӰɫ˲ѿޱȡ
壡
ˣ
ʱ˿̣𾪺;ϲĪͼˡ
ƣͼԭϱ˭Ҳû뵽徹Ȼʱ֣ҽ漣ĵǺ˵һ
ܣܣ
УһƬκˣŶ壬ϣǸ壬ǰûκα仯ĸ֪У˵Ϣ췭ظ
ֹˣƾһ˵¼̳ԯҲĶ֣һиоһϤ칬
ǣôܣ
ܣ޾ţ壬㵲һΣھ͵칬׻ǡ
Ŀޱȣ칬ڼǧ꣬Ӵ˷۶װ칬·ͼҺ¡
ֹˣһ̺ӴĿռ֮ҪҲܡ
Ȼ⺧Ȼһȴֻǰû˿
ˣ
̧ͷŰе죬ֻǼ򵥵˵֡
䣡
һ̣һɰĽڱŷ
Щֺ»һɫԲԲ仯Ѹٷֳɺڰɫֻգۼͱ仯Ϊһ̫
̫ɰͼһԲ򣬽С
ⲻܣ
ֻɨһۣɫػ
ϸȥԻԲڲһȻ칬ĹһģһһлԶûнһȦȦȦȦ̶ֻʱ䣬ʮṹ
һ΢칬˲Σֻ칬ͬǺȻ෴ġ칬
һ칬ģָ۳һû㣬˲칬ġ
칬칬ĲС̮͵棬ͬһһı㣬˵ͨ۵Ĺӡ
¡
һģ˲佫Ի칬뵽۹ص
ȥɣ
ĳֳԽĴ˲չ칬
¡ֻһ˲أķѪ칬ֽ˲̮顣
ܣ
һɲԶǵӰ¶ޱȵɫȡ
£δƵ칬ԯҲֻܽӡ谭޷칬ǿģעûκܹƵ
û뵽Ȼˡ
ܵģʲôһѾˣ칬Ҳ䵽칬ÿһ䡣
¡
칬֮칬ڲĵһҲųױССƬ׹ǵڶءءء칬һһأӶϵ̮ը
û칬ĳأ칬нǹҲ֮ɢһƬ׹ԡѪͼʶסǿָ״СƬľ
ˣ
ⲻһκ콻֣Ϊˣ֪жôºǿûлƵԯ˵ǵ֣ǼһϣĶ֡
һֱûжҪԽ칬̺Ĵ̸ף
һɲǣѾ׼徹Ȼĳɹˣɹƽ칬
һ࣬ӶĲӰͬޱȡ
칬̮ڱ⣬û˱Щ仯칬ʼӵı壬Ǵʱ˿̣۾ԺֻʣӰ
Ԥ֮ˡ
ڤڤУǸõԤԣԺֻʣһͷ
жܹṩ˰Ƕǣϣǳɹϣ֮һɱж
ԯǶԵģɾҲǶԵģˣĻٵıûȥ鿴е죬Ϊ֪һ̵Ӧòκвˡ
һ٣첻ĺӡı嶼һַܳɣ˵칬һ߷ˡ

һֻ࣬һ־ĺУţ˵ĿУұը
޾Ĳʣ޾Ŀ־壡
һ̣ڽ߾ȫ칬ֹͬʱɱ壬ѾûκεĻˡ
ֻ֮䣬ľ죬쳹׵ĻΪ˰һž޴գ޾ķײܵһУ칬ı
һ̣칬ڲΪһƬɫİ磬еһжûڽ֮С
ȻܵĻԶֹ


ڶǧʮһ 칬

ͬʱһңԶĵطı屻ӡĵطһҵ𵴣ıȻһĲҽУ޾ҽӵص緢ûռ䡣
һɲǣϢȻ轵һأ˲ܵبŵġĥľ޴ˡ
ڹȥʱ칬첻Ժǿޱȵκζ쾳ǿ߶󼰵ģսᣬҲܵˡ
ӴķѺΪһ塣
ҲΪˣıҲܵǰδеش
¡¡
ͬʱƾʦϿգǾ޴칬ͣĲţϢѾȫңƬͣĴ׹֮ǰյӴʱҲʧһ㣬ͣ¶
̫أ̫̫ϵ˵ĸ֪У֯ϣǿͺһŰǳʱ׹䡣
ܣ
칬⣬̫أ̫ϣ̫ɫ𺧣Ĳ˼顣
һ̣رǱ𾪡
˽칬֮У֪ȻЩ⣬ȴţûҪ칬һԸǡ
ǲܵģر칬ڲ
Ԫľκǡ
ˣ
ıȻ׵ƻˣȫ˵֪
̫ظ£ûȻĿһС
ߣ뿪
УͷϷڱģ޴칬̫صҲ¶һ˿ȵľš
ķˣ׵ʧˣǿҲܵǣˡ
̫ؿĸ֪һС
ڴƾʦѾûκʱ
ڲߣȵǸ֮ӳ˶·һ
ݣ
̫һΣȶ֮УһԶӶݶȥ
̫ϣ̫Ҳǻ̻ɥ֮Ȯ̫Զٱӡ
ֻһ˾ͳ׵ʧˡ
̫ص뿪֮󲻾ãһ֮еâһ칬⣬˼Ӱˡ
ȵϢɣжѾˣ
˵һģһӴӿ뵽ͼڡ
ͼڵӷǳңһȦݹᾲ˵ϢҲ΢Ǵ
Ĳʵ̫ˣΪֹ죬ͬʱҲΪȡʱ䣬λƵǰ̫ӳ׵ȼԼԪηǳ
أ
õ䣬ͼ˵Ժֻ࣬Ѿûս֮
һлԶûнһЩҪ칬ƴڵϣĳƻ⣬һ칬зһЩ˵ĻһԽתþʦеİ»
ʲô
Ļ˶һӶ˹
ļƻûгɣֻǽٶ˵;£ռ칬֮Уûһ׼ҲǵĻڡ
ٴβٿ칬תӦÿԽ˵;ͻǵ塣
͵
̫ˣ
ĻСϲɫ
Ȼˣһоͽˣˣ
ͼһļ֣ص
Ȼ˵Ȼһİգʱ˭ҲûȥţͼһΣܿӰƮ䣬žʦеĻʹȥ
䣡
뿪֮󲻾ãһһ貵Ĺâͷֻ䣬һģһǽ߳ҡ
ΣһҪɹ
ӹٻ̥漴ͬһ𣬾ȷֲ칬ĸλ
һ̣һ죬ֱһ죬ֱ칬ĸλĺУһɹӴͬһ㣬ӿ뵽칬֮С
ԭڱ֮Уҵ칬ɲǵȶ
ӿȥĹɺ̺Ҳ֮۳΢С칬ڲȡ칬Ĳֽṹ칬ȶ
İڶ칬ÿһָƣܹ칬ȻҲܹһȡɵķʽݵĿ칬
¡
һע룬ôһɲǣ칬ֹ˿Уһж漴ĳι£Ӵ칬ڱͬʱٴת
ֻһΣ칬ڲ֮ǰеķȻ෴
ʱ仺ȥ칬ⲿʼûκα仯ֻڲ˰ĺԽԽңǺܿ죬һɽХĺ칬ٴתĳεϵٴͨ˵칬
칬âʢĽ칬ڲ¶꣬ľһ˿ߣ칬档
ˣ
ϣĳĽϣһ˿񣬴󸹱ĸ׳£ڵһȻһ̣һûڡ
߿ʼʱûʲôӦһ̵һ£͵һͺǵһκһȻ
ͬʱھ̲ԶĲ¥һɫĲ¥ƹҲ۾
վ¥ãʹһһԽԽ˲ѡ
ǵĿ峺ȫû֮ǰĴ͡
⡭׷ʲôˣ
һܣãȻ֮ǰû˿ļ䡣

Уľ£ʦһĻгһ䣡
һ̣ȫӴ˶칬ע칬ڲһҲԽԽǿңžľ죬ԽԽĽһ㣬칬֮籡ء
һ֮ꡣ
ʦ֮УһƬһƬȺȺľʦղϵ㣬ӵվ
칬ͷŻȥһĻҲĿѩϲޱȡ
ôŬ£ⳡѵʧѾС
ûá
һ̣ҲҲѡ
켱ڶԸˣȵ칬׼Ǿһжˡ
һʱϵı仯ʹܹɹĽ칬ɵʧת
ʱ仺ȥȫĿ칬Լʱ֮д껯Ϊ䵽ϣΪֹʦѾоųϵİѹӴ칬Уֻ¶ʮ꣬ڽ߾ȫʹ칬еÿһ궼
У칬ڲϵı߾ȫ칬ڲȻ߳ϵ̮𣬴Ƭ㲻ϵĴϷ׹
ͨƬӸ߿׹ȥҲɻԾʦصĶƻˣʦ֮г⵽ƻ֮⣬ûжٵط𣬸˱׹Ľ
ԶԶȥ칬Ƭ㲻ϵ׹£ֻʮɣƾʧ֮Уͺһ
ֵ̥Ľ
ڲ칬ͬʱ̥ռݶĸλϵĲٿʱ֮һһʱͨЩƬȫ͵ʱŽⳡѵʧ͵С
칬תⳡɫ֮껹ڲͣ䡣
֪˶ã칬󼸵ƿնΪ棬ڳһ
ڳɹˣ


ڶǧʮ ︴գ
칬ڣܹһʱʱ䣬̥ȫתļ
˿̵ɫ԰ףϢ亹ˣ֮ȴһƬ㡣
ΣⳡΣˡ
ֻһˡ
૵ûзɾ裬෴֮֮ǰӵ֣ء
칬һﻹѺһЩˣһЩϵǳеˣҲһֱֵڣʼղиԭ
䣡
һѸټ˴컯һĵ޴̫ͬʱ칬ΧĸλͬʱһӴ̥ڱ
ɲǼ䣬ɽХһ㣬˷еΧʱĸߵȼйբ֮ˮһ㣬ƺƵӸӿ̥ڡ
õĲ䣬ϢǣҲࡣ
û˿ԥ彫Щ۶ͬеȫ뵽˲ȱ칬֮С
ôһɲǣؼһƬžһѵصĺǧٿ׵칬ٴκ
꣬һ칬·ʲôһˡ
ɹˣ
һΣ̥ͬȥ
յУɽͰ칬ײѿһ޴϶׵ı
ڱѷ֮УӰ֪˶ã׹
ʦ
峤
ǰ
³ˣ

һӰϴ칬ڲ׹ǵʴ֮ǰʦս²󣬲֪ȥаˣ˴峤³ˡ

һ׹µͬʱһ޴ʱ֮Ȼ·ȻѸٽתƵԡ


İУ˺ܿһһѹܱ˺ܾãϢϣ˲ûжصƣܿǰĴ
ǣ
һܿ׹
ʦ峤ǰ˾ͺã
ϤˣһƬϲá
һսļ̥սܣа˵Ҳʧ٣ҲƲǱĵص㣬û뵽Ȼ칬С
ɹľȳˣжĴԲˡ
һԣӿһĻҲ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ԸоĳЩӦöҪˡ
¡¡
ʱһĺ˵ע⣬Уʧȥеڲȫ̮֮Ӵ칬Ѿȫ˷Ʒһ޴ص·׹ȥ

ϣһ󾪺ȻʦеİҲһĻ
ʦȥϢ
˵ţƳһ۰о޴칬
칬ѪѾ׵ıûκãʣµĿտҲɽͣҪƴ
ţͽˣ峤սߣ
а˵Ҳɴ֪࣬ڵ״̬Ҳﲻʲôæкһŵľʦȥ
뿪ͬʱ칬׵Ľ壬ѳ룬Ƭŵ׹ȥ
룬̥Ѹٷ˶£칬·ſһ޴ʱͨ칬еƬһС
칬Ѿƽ⣬ⶫվǸԼûǷ˼ʱȥһ칬ѱҰĲˣ칬кϡ
ԽѲк͸޾ʱգ뵽һص̫
ǿĹ£ȷţ칬кԽԽԶԶܹҵ


ʱ峤һڴʱ֮ͨ˳
һѾɣȷţ칬ֶԺҲݵˡ
䣡
ֵͬʱ϶ȻһɽѰĻ




ϣ֪һֱĬĬſУһʱʱ䣬ҲѾ㹻˴ǳʧսлָһһС
Ļһ΢ЦҲӹů
ˣ
ҲʱͻȻ֮䣬һĲüͬʱһϤĺ
ɫһһ̣һΣʧ֮УٴγֵʱѾڹڲ
ԶԶأһ۾ͿϤҸ֮ۡǰŲͬǰҸ֪ۡʲôʱٴι˵һƬϲ죬˵͵͵
һΣ˲ͽ˸֮ۡС
ү
ү

ҵĺԺУڶѾߣڵ̸壬׷
ȻȴǽŲҴңͺûһֱԼ鷿ȥ
ûһ̣С
֨ѽ
ƿţѸٷӶ룬̧ȥ鶼Ӱ磬磬СãһЩҸۡĸѾߣλãȻǵ˼ޱȵӰ

磡
Сܣ
һ
ϤϤе¶һ˿΢Ц
ף磡
Ų첽ǰ˹ȥ

ʦ˿ڵ칬¼ڳ׵ĻһҲ̤죬ָ
ǶαƵʱ䣬˵һجһ㣬Ҳڻָԭеλá
û칬Ӱ죬˶˺صļ䡣
һ࣬ż˵ĸգҲҸۡŲƻԭڵλãӥȸѦǧߵĲҲһһع顣
¹칬¼һλӰ𣬱֮Ժ
ʦҲַָÿսŵİգʮơ
ΪΪ
̫׶¥΢崩һɫĽ˿ۣƾǰĿȴ¥ľʦ
񵭶Ͷ֮䣬һֶص鲻Խı
λȥʦǴϢɽ纣Ⱥ
ͬĳͬĸп֮ǰ̫ڻʵҲйֻľϣȴͬ
ǰֵĳΪ۶ľʦ˵ֻͨճڹȥʱҲΣֻǴʱ壬ȴޱȵƽ
̩񰲣
ǰͨͨһĻԼ
㵨ӲС̫µʫҲҴͥڣƾУͲ³͢ʷһ𣿡
ʱһԱߴ͸ŵ٩ζ
ȥɣʱҾ˵ʫǰ̫ӣеġ
Ҳ룬ѿھ͵
һ䣬˻࿴һۣЦ
칬¼֮󣬻ԼϵʵҲ࣬ͼô̫ң̫ұͲƻңһĴԽߣ壬µѪȷȷʵʵƻɡ
칬ȾĸоҲͼıࡣ
֮ͽʹ࣬ϥ̸һҹ
ҲǳжԼ壬һľλ
ȴ֪ͼɾԺ͡͡մϰߣֻҪԸ⣬ʱܰԼʵۡ
ͼͷѾ˽ȡЦüˡ


ڶǧʮ ӵٻ
Ǵε¼˵Ĺϵ׽൹ģڳҰ£ͬǴƵû¾;һһȺ裬Գ㡣
ˣЩ㻹Բԣ
ͼ˵ͻȻָ£Ȼָϵ
ǰ㣬Լҧһڣû
ȥɡ
嵹Ҳ⣬һͽǰĸ˹ȥЦ
̫¥忪ģĳҲģ̹ӣԼ֪ǰЩḻʣͨͨ
Ȼû뵽Լ٣ͼĳͣʲôۣƤ࣬հƤϺȣ⡭
λ²ǳ׷ŷңÿεЩص㣬ʼѧˡ
үʱҲˣǲڽ»ǵء
ʱһͻȻӺͼ˼Ϻȣ΢ɲüͷ
ˣͲغһƽˡ
ȻһЦҡ
Ϊ֪ԭ͹켣ʷЩ£ԲŶЩ񣬵ͼ֪ΪʲôȴûɵرᣬֻҪҳ֣ûʲôɫ
Ѿкܳһˣ˳ʱں湪ĬĬš
߰ɣ
ҲûΪһܿ¥žʦȥ
һ·ؽܿͽ˻ʹ֮С
̫ࡣ
࣬ǼƵ۴ϣѾ΢΢ԵЩˡ
ˣ
౾ڱۣʺۣ첽ӭȥͬʱһ΢Ц
΢£
һۣһ
ǰͲؾˡ
΢Цţǰӭ塣
칬¼˾ʦ˿ڣ壬룬ټ֮ǰĴ󺮳¼ѾΡ
ĹףѳҰķ롣빬ؾ񣬲عһйڳʱ򣬾صĴ󳼶ûзԡ
ˣ޵ˣڲǴƵ̫ˣ׼𣿳
Ц
ǣ£
ܿ죬һ̫һ̣ǰ
ֻȼһ°ɫ˿ͼڴƶһ޶һ飬һö̫Ľơ
ĿɨϵĶв΢΢
칬¼󲻾ãͲ巴ԣټⶨ˶ķ͡
˵ôĹͱʹͣйͣйطͷǻĵ֮㣬ûſԣ屾Ϊԣⷬ˵ǣûټˡ
ڲ۹ְǾλʵѾ޿ͣãȻ޷һЩʵԵĽΪҲϰȴԸһһ޶ķźȨ
ʼⶨǡʾ󣬵⵽ȺҷԣΪ͵壬̶˼ţȷ̫
̫ߣߣζ֮Уϵĵλ
ûиߵ֣֮Ǵʷһβһлţһǵһ
Ϊˣ໹񲿺ͺΪƶ·ƣ°ɫ˿ۣҲǶһݡ
ĳ̶ֳϣһͼλǰ̫Ӷ޷⡣
л£
ǰͲؿˣ
߹ȥһļȫûлʵ۵ļӣ
ϲӱӦ֣ףһ£ҲӦ¡صİһ񣬿ϧҪһдӼڣ϶ᡭ
˵֣ƺͻȻʶʲôæս͡
ķӦѾܿˣǳˡ
УһƬžһ࣬ĻһжȻһ˿ʹ࣬ҲĬࡣ
칬¼ץߵ˺ܶ࣬аˡ˴峤³ΨлԼٳʧˡ
칬ʱԭΪٺаһ칬һֱһ̣˶ˣȴٵӰͺ񳹵һ
飬˶֪Ҳ֪ߵλĳ֣˿飬Ϊһ㣬˶ĬĴӲǰ
Բʧˡ
һǸȻ
֪
ҡҡͷȴһ˿Ȼɫ
ӻʹ뿪һ·جج淽˳ȥ
칬¼ɳˣҲзҪҵʧ١Ŭʧܸգ֪һǱˣҺܿԼ칬ǰͱתˣҵıڣҵ
ڣŷѳڵλþ̫ص˶֪˵ˡ
ڹȥļʮѾȥʥһʹзҪҵ챻ӡĵطȴʧˡ
ķѾʮʥˣ˵ˡ
ӻʹ뿪ԽԽƣҲԽԽѹ֣ͺؿѹһʯصô

ڣڷӳʮɺ͵ذεضһֱһƴȫ񱼡
ãоЩתʱ򣬲ͣ
ǰȺɽľ嶼֪Լʲôλãʣ뾩ʦѾԶˡ
Ϊﵽ־磬Ҫ׺ľȫܣҪַͨʽƣҲʵеʹѹվһг
٣ΣһȻ
գݺݵ߬ȭͷа
ãƽ࣬ڻع׼ؾʦﻹкܶ´ȥ
壬п㣡
ʱͻȻһ
ǰ
һ漴ܿϳȻǹӡ
뾩ʦһǧںܾ֮ǰʧȥû뵽ôԶľ룬ȻҲܾ׼֪Լڡ
ɲǣľѸٷΧʮķΧȻȫûиоκڹӵϢ
ֱ˼飡
ɻ廹Ǻܿ췴Ӧ
ã
һһɫʱ֮ƾոֱ֣Ӵһʱ̤ͨУʧ
ʱ󣬾ʦ£ٴμ˹ӣǰĹӺһμһֻ֣ࡣ
ǰң
̽
ҵʱ䲻ˡ
ӿڵĵһ仰ŵһ
ǰ
˲
ᣬ״̬ٹԪҲνĲд۵ģ֮ǰ칬ҵļ󣬿ºܿҪ˯״̬ˡ
ӳ


ڶǧʮ һι
⡭
ֹû뵽һоȻԼйأҪοһʱ֮Ҳ֪ȥ˵
Ǻǣһʵû̫ϵû£Ҳһ˯һ֮Уܹѵʱʵֻôһʱ䣬Ҳҵ䣬õһЩȻҲҪʧȥһЩ
ӵƺѿһС
ѵûκηı𣿡

ֻЦҡҡͷʱĬˡ
ʱ䲻ˣڴ֮ǰʱϼһ˵һιһγܾõ¡
ӵ
Щ⣬ǵ˵ͷ
˵ǹ£֪һвǹô򵥡
һ˱ӡʱˣʱҸ˵˵˰ɡ
ԳһЦܿ죬о¶ɫ˵˼ҲƮɵ˺ԶԶ
ҵĳԼеݣҲˣΪʵѾ̫̫ˣҲʵûʲô̫رĵطһ㣬Ҳ֪ںܾǰȷʵ֯һԱҸʱܾãȻֱ̫Уλֱ̫ߵöࡣǸʱҺĹϵҲš
һ죬ͻȻҵң˵һΣѾ٣ٹýһһѣҲˡ
ӵ߻΢΢һ£ͻȻʲô
칬֮УƵԯݾӡһݸԼһݸСʣһǸӵġǹǷݾӡʼն
Ȼ˵ľǺǶμء
ңҪȥһ飬һиոѿûзչʱȥҵǸ꣬Ϊʦп
Һܿҵ˵Ǹˣ˺ܶೡ棬Ψû뵽ǣ˵Ǹ˾ȻǸʮһĺӡ
ʲôᣬûչֳκ书ҽ̵ġ
ĻҪ˳ǸӶҷǳΣûлɹңںദĹУҷʵһͨĺӣȣûʲôͬʱĳЩ뷨ɣ˷Ц
˵˴ͻȻסˣϲ¶͵Цݣƺ˶뵽ȥЩõĻ֮С
Ҳûдߴ٣ֻǿŶĹӣ겻ѡ
ӺͻƵ֮Ĺϵʵ칬УѾµ˺ܶ࣬һƭĿʼζ²̫õĽ֡
͹ӱ֮ţ˵ǾǴĴڡ
ƻùȥִУֻ͹һ˵ĸ飬ӴʱѾ˵һС
˳ϦദԯֶԹӺദУӿ²֪ѾԯԼĵӣʼļƻҲ֮Ժ
ӽĻҲӡ֤жϡ
ҡҺദʮ꣬һ̵Ķȫ̸
ҿ꣬ɳص꣬һÿһΪ֮Ժϲã֪Ŀġ
̾һŵ
ЩԶ޷ıģôԸ⣬ЩߺյִʱһѾ޷⣬սˣҲ֪ǳ¹֮ս
ʲô
ӵĻ͵۾
¹֮սǲǻƵۺȡս𣿡
¹֮սϹʱΪ֪Ĵģս˶֪ݵȨ֮֮սȻӾȻ˵һȻߣֱ˵֪
Ȼǣ
ҡҡͷķӦȴǰ㶼⣺
֪һжɾĺĽЩǲӦ֪ͨģĴսԶ֪ļҵö࣬Ҳ֪Ӵö࣬ǿе鼮׼¼޷ȫž
⣬μӹǳսˣкܶ˶Դøķǳս¼֯ڲҲЩ͵͵¼ЩȻԿһЩڵǳսֻƬצ鼮ͼ¼
һƽ

ǰĹӣɲδྐྵȻġ
һֱΪǧֻڽţҲʱβŷģû뵽һǧǰƵ۵ʱݾߵ֡
Ȼе𾪣֪Ϊߣǲƭġ
ֹˣڤڤУ廹뵽˺ܶණɡϷӦţȰʮһֵܣͭͷʯνȵЩֵܣָĲ
ͭͷָĿ¾ףʯ籾Դ֮ΪʳռݵĵطΪ֮Щֵĳ䵽ʱЩϹŰյоͳˡʯ
һж÷ǳޡ
ˣɸܴ𺳡
ڤڤУһЩ顣
ѵ֧֯Ԯ»ɽЩҷӾǴӴ˶
а
֮ս»ɽ³ʵǿҷӣЩԾ߸źԵĻ
ʱ֧Ӹܴ𶯣Ϊ֮ǰӴصҲʥͿ˸ֶϣôõʱ䣬Щߵʬ岻ܱôǻƵʱôһжԽ͵ͨ
һսһ֣ȥ˵һһ£һ·ЩߡǺһ·ԽԽϲãҵȴԽԽǡ
ӵУ˼˻
Ϊ֪ദʱ䲻̫ˣһ죬Сݱ磬ϵλ󲻾ãҵҡ
˵˴¶һ˿ʹɫ
ĬȻ֮Ѿö˵ˣһʮ곯ϦദѶĿ飬Լӵˣµ֣ȥִļƻ
ҾҪƻǸʱѾȥˣ˵ÿһĻ֮϶һǳĶԪһлȥ׽ֶҲСģκʧܣȻҲκȥӡ
ǸʱѾħˡ
ףΣҶܸı˺ܾã¶ȥСݣһжֻϧһжѾˡ
֪ҵжڰ·ϵҡ
ֱӴݻҵҵɽУΪұѵĳͷСݣ֮󲻾Ҳƭ칬УһжѾ޷أ
˵󣬹ʹı۾þò
ҲĬȥ칬֮һҲ֪λӹӿ˵Ĵ
ʵǸʱСѾˣ𣿡
ͻȻڵ


ڶǧʮ ӵܣ
š
ӵ˵ͷ
칬УԯµľӡҲᵽеһУ鷢֮ǰԯȷʵѾּͨһЩˣڹӣԯȴûԹޣǸлԼҹҹҲǡǡùκܵĵط
壬лл˵ôࡣ
ӿڵɫࣺ
ԯһĵӣҲĵӣעѪҲ츳׿ӵôܳˡҲȥκεĵӡԯһʹΪˣҲϣصĸޡ
칬¼Ȼ죬ҲıһлԶɱ죬ֻҪţͻԶԶ̸ʤ
ӵеԽ󣬼⵽شֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ܹ񾻻ƻ칬Ҳݡ
ңĩӡǣ̫ء̫ϡ̫ǻռʣµģ˵ģһ죬ؼա
ӵ
ĬȻжȻ
һ̣뵽٣Ϊ˾Ȼٻ磬춼һȥļֻг׻ɱܽһС
壬ûмı壬ԲǿƾڵõСݵĴУҲĶ֣ǿġֻ侳ܶԸ侳㲻ͻƵһ㾳磬ȵһսʱ򣬵ʱһжú塣
ĳ
ǡܴﵽ侳
ʳǾ仰
侳
һ̫ңԶˣڵΪѾӳ徣ôﵽ侳ɺͷ
ʥԹҪ侳ϧʧܸա
ӹﵽ侳Ҳֻһѡ
ҲҰҹҪԭҪﵽ侳Ҫʱ䣬˵츳ֻĿ󣬲ҪǣҪﵽ侳һɻȱҲǹ֮⣬û˿Գɹԭ򡣡
ʲô
΢΢һͦæʵ

һɫ

ӵĻʱסˣôû뵽ӿн侳ıҪȻ
ֻһ˵Ҳ԰صͬ
ӳ
΢Ͷ쾳ƿؼĹ򣬶侳ҪؼĹ򳼷㣬ΪˣҲع
ֻлͬſܳԽ쾳۲ƿصһεͺɽж޷۲⵽ɽȫòֻȥ߿вһࡣ
ӵ
һ˼
Ȼû侳ʲôЩ˹ӵĻ
˵ʵǡԽ򡱣ֻгԽؼͨĹ򣬲пܽһ߲ε
Թֻе֮ҲʵعͬϿɵģҲ׳ѵġԭؼһλҲܴﵽ侳һҪԭ򡣡
֮ҪﵽһѾܣЩž޵ľǿߴ󲿷ֶϰҰףܳΪʵۣеĵܴﵽʥ侳Ķ٣˵侳ҵ²˷̫ʱڳϣΪע޷ﵽܸߣԪȥ죬ʼܹﵽ侳
̫ұϣ侳գʧˡ
˵󣬹̾Ϣѡ
̫¹ϵʥʣշӵ˵츳ΪҲؼΪ֮̾۷Ѽ
Ҫȫ߱ϧʧˡ
̫Ҷˣˡ
壬㲻һ̫һǧҼˣҲпܽ侳ˣȻǵȴееΪڵõСݵĴ֮Ų֮Ҳܹﵽ̫Ǻӵĵز
侳Ҵûдﵽ̫ǺҲܴɣûܹɹ̽ǲ㾳磬˶ûа취̫侳Ϣδﵽһ㾳磬ֻܿԼˡ
ӳ
ԽΰйҪĶߣһЩҪĶ侳ˣûܹ֪
лǰ
幪һһ֣ص
Ϊﵽ־磬Ķ٣ۺ̶ȣѾôҪĵλ෴Щ;صϢҪġ
ӿ˵㣬˵޼֮κʽ޷õġ
š
ӿ壬οĵ˵ͷ
壬ʼЩųģڣԼжͬ
ϣϡ˵СϿһЩͬĶ
һһҪ֣£侳ĳΣأɹܹﵽؾ磬겻𣬵ʧˡ޷Խ򣬾ͻܵعķɣ̫ҵĹ֮ԽԽѾֻܺķƽ֣ΪعķɣһҲζضĵˣսΪеĹų㣡
䣡
ӵĻȻһ𣬳侳ˣһʧܾͻ⵽ɣ֪ġ
ô꣬£еҽ̫ҽ̫Լҹְ취ҪʥϵİӲɹ
⻹һ֪ɵࡣ
ԭˣԭˡ
д˷
ʯ䣬˲֮ʯǿԶԿģʥҲ
ͷոӹԺҡҡͷ
ʥʵźţϱ֮ʯԽͽˡ
ȻأܾòŻᷢһΣӹӵʥȴʱʱ̿ڶԿأȫͬն
ˣлǰ
Ե
⣬һ飡
˵˴ɫͻȻ֣ޱȣû巴Ӧ۶һָ
ĿУĹâŹӵָۣգ֮γһӤȭͷС֣ϸȥǵͼ̺һɽ͵ͼǳ⡣
û巴Ӧһģ㽫Ǹո۵ͼС
΢дΪ졣
ǰǡ
Ҳ췸󡣡
ӻջָ
ЩȻǸͼԶȥô򵥡
ڰ·ɱңҵıַʽͷңҳʹĥЩ飬춼û뵽
ҷʼȴǾʹĥҵص֮һƬڰҪա
Կϧ㲻㣬һĵʹΧĵȫбֹˣٶ갵յʹĥ֮ҵɽĵΪһ壬û뵽ġĳ̶ֳ˵Ҿɽɽҡ仰˵ҳνġɽ񡯡


ڶǧʮ ˾Ϣ
ǲӵʶģǰδ
Ӷ˶ٽŵ
ĹУҽֿͨʶɽ걻ӡ״̬ʱҸûκ
ˣ
һȻֻӵ
һ죬졭һ꣬ꡭһ꣬ꡭһֱڵصҹҹͣļȡܽӴĴȻʼʱҽֻΪ¿ǺѾ˿ɿƵķ룬ҲʼԤڣҳݵĴ
һ仰ӵǺ¡¡һƬ

۾ǰĹӣ𺧵˵
͸֪ӵ״̬Щ⣬֮ǰһ·񱼣뿪ʦһǧ๫ӻܹӦ
ʱ͸о֣Ϊþ̸ܲӵĴڡ
֪ӵ״̬⣬ȴû뵽ӾȻݵĴ
һʶĴ
һ𺧵˵
չӵ˵ʵֻҪԸ⣬Կݵص׵
Լо൱𶯡
ӵһƽķӦ⣺
ǱߣȻЩٶۣվǷӦֻǣ֮£ҪԸҵʱѾˣҵʶǸʱѾԳκεطֻҪдҵʶܹ˲ִԽκεĹǸʱѾʶһѾ̫ˣְ͵ڵ״̬β󲻵
컹һЩ飬ݵı߽شһĽƣʹ޷һչ½磬ˣҲһǱˮн
˵ѵõ¶һ˿Ц⣬ô꣬쵱ʱܻӣȻоһ
ЩʵԶȥôãȻݵĵҲҵľ񸺵һܹѵĴǳޣҲʱ򲻵òйԭ򡣡
ҸǸӡҵƾֻ֤Ҫҳϵӡǣҳ˯֮ʱҲԵеܹġ
ԣвΪ֮ȻַʽԼ
칬¼δսӶûԲ뵽սȴһֱʽӲ뵽ս֮С
лǰǰģһȫԸ

ţȥɣδΣҲ֪һоͿˣ
˵ţ͸һ˿ƣҲԽԽ
ûж֪̫ľºܿͻ˯̸䣬뿪ˡ
һжԤϵĲ࣬һ֮Ҳ֪ӵϢȻѾ˳˯֮С
֪һУгġ
ÿ˶ϣϣޱɾʥʣӡ˶ˣоϳǰδеѹˣȴ쳣ļᶨйһ˿һĶҡ
죬Ҷһҵ㣬ģ
ʯǰԣʦһ

ʱգ֮¹ȥ¸ƽԽԽ٣ǰδеĴһͳ۹ʾǰδеʢ
ˣȴûзɾ裬ڴս֮ÿնɳ˴̽ӣ飬ɽ纣̺ʽѲأҪҵټ
ʧˣҲûгֹͺڹһ
ܿһ¹ȥ
أ
һϢһƿţ鷿ҪͻȻ֮üͷһһ˿
鷿ˣҾԲҵˡ
ȻԷ侫Ϣĸ֪
ּ̫ˣ
ûȵ忪ڣһϤģ΢ɳƵɤС
˾
ǽõŶϤӰƤһ˳
ô㣿
̫ˣ
칬¼֮󣬴ʳ˾ĭ֮󣬳׵ʧҲҲκεĺۼҲǵãڴ֮ǰʳ˾˵һμ棬ԺҲ
龪ֻǶ̶һ˲Ӧ첽ӭȥ
̫ˣ
һе
˲ʶʳ˾˵ܶæ
칬¼֮⻹Ψһһ֯ˣ֮⣬ڿû֪֯ȥ
Ļʳ˾΢ԥһ£ܿ˹ͷĺɫñ
ϴȣʳ˾ɫ΢΢Щ԰ףɫ̫ãȥ£ƺò˳
ؿֻһܿߡ
׼ˣˮ㣬ʳ˾æֹ
⼸£ǰȥ
£Ƭֱ̣ӵ
Ȼȥļ·ƽ˾һƬ֪ͣԴ˾˵Բˡ
칬䣬սܣ֯˵һѵľ޴ڹȥ֯һƬҡ
ʳ˾
ڹȥ֯йδۣƵʧֵܶģǵһΡ
֪죬Ҳ֪ɳ˴֣Ѱ֯䣬ҾΪ¶ġ
㲻ˣڿʼٺܳһʱڣκ֯˳½磬ֹˣǵ֮ǰ˵𣿡
еʧˣ˶ˣ
ˣ
˾Ļʱüͷ
ȻǵܲӣӴ󣬰մ˾֮ǰ͸¶ϢԭǴ㶯Щģǿľӵġ
ȥ
ĬƬ̣׷ʵ
˵ⷬʱĿζŴ˾ǰδеרעʼǸҵǣܹ취ǣһݡ
֪Ҳûа취㣬̫֮У̫ǱѾԲ⣬̫飬ֱ̫Լ֯ͷ죬û֪ǳֵ̫ɺˣԣʵѹͲӦó
̫ǱȫɣҲ⼸¹ĺܼ尾ԭ򡣡
˵󣬴˾Цһ
ֹǼ尾̫̫ǱʵѾɵˣܹһѾ൱ˡ
ˣ˾ȴûʲôԹޡ
ⱾǾĸԸǵġ
ҲΣѾȥɾģǡǡ෴ڿʼһҪǳǳСģв˿⡣
˵󣬴˾ɫ֣ޱȣ
̫˽ˣ̫߰ˣˣԽ̣ԽãδıͻԽǼҺͿֲ
һ˴ߣǳˣΪδһĽ׼
֪̫سĺ޽˽ߵʱ򣬻½˴оں̥̫ǱҲһֱռԭϣ׼µ
⣬һ죬ٵıȷʵ𺳣ıܵ˲Сĳʹˣٺܳһʱ޷ˣƻԶҪ
ֻҪܹ꣬ȬȫܵĳĻ㹻ˡ
˾


ڶǧʮ ƷĻ
ԣжʱģʱͨ˻Ƚӵ˵ֻһɲǶѣȻ㲻ʲô
֪칬ɱ죬ҲûȻܹ֮ĵϵơ
⻹ĵġ
˾ҡҡͷ˵˴¶һ˿ǡ
첢ʲô鶼ǣЩֱ̫Ҳֻֻ֪Ƭצһ飬֪
첻֪ӡ˶ٸԪ֮ǰҲռֲϣ󣬽صھϣܹҵƷϣȻеŬʧܸա
ʣʲôʱƷǲǻƽʱش𣬶ЩܷɣһΣ죨ȴĻشˡ
˵ʩӵķӡǿ󣬼᲻ɴݣĩ٣ǸӡҲ飬仰˵Ͳܳ
ʱ컹˵һֵĻ˵һǧٶ󣬻һ¼ǿķӡɶûᡣ
˾
ʲô
ⷬͫһıɫ
ش˶⣬ԵʱҾһ䣬Ϊʲôһǧٶ󣬶ڣǸʱ򵽵ʲô⣿
쵱ʱ²Ķ˵䡣˵ÿһʱ䣬ѽ٣ݻ٣½رһǧٶһηǳͬǽǰδеıԴ𣡡
˾
仰͵һ£뵽ʲô
棬ûϸ˵㵽ΪֹҲû˸ҶʣǸʱ̫Ҳûѳ֯
ΪʱʵģҼǵʱ˵һǧٶ󣬴ʱ㣬ڣ
˵һ䣬˾Ťͷ壬ⲻ
һ࣬˵
һǧٶꡭ
ĳԺ˲ϢͷҲ
˾Ϣû뵽ģ˵ûҲζԼԵĿ²ķı塣
壬ȻֻἰҲû֪Ϊʲôϵһǧ£ҿкܴİգ˶о˵ⷬʱںߡ
ϸ룬̫صͻȻѡʱռĩӡǣºкܴĹϵ
ֻܸЩˣֻ֮пԼˣһıƷǽ˵ĩա
һٴδ칬˻Ϊū
˾
лǰˡ

˾ϢǳҪ˴˾ѣ㽫Ʒ㹻ʱ׼
˾ûжය˼֯£ܿϢ뿪ˣͺʱһҸۡûκ˲뿪
ӥȸӡҵѦǧ֪ͨͨͨ³̫ٱáͬ޴󽫾˼̡
鷿˼Ƭ̣ܿ쿪ڵ
ǣ
鷿⣬һӰѸȥ

ʱ仺ȥƾʦһƬƽ˽ȴһ
Դ칬¼һ̫;ݱԪ˧һټвԼƵ۹ж⽫Ͷͻʺگ߾ٿһλ顣
ⳡҹڼû뿪ĸۡ
û֪ʲôǻƵ۹ʼ
Ӷ֮룬ٵңԶĴʳ۹½ıٴεֻһβս
գ֮¹ȥ½һƬƽ֯ƺѾ˳½ˡ
Ȼûж֪ʱ˿̣뼫ԶһռС
¡¡
һϴдǻԵܼ꣬ϴкռ룬ǵӵз籩ǿϢӰ
ÿһδִ£ǵӰȻһ£ƺܼʹࡣ
ܣһִ󣬷·˷סҲҲһ졣
Ȼżʹ࣬ռȴʼһԲֻżһ
ãֹУϢƽϢһЩ
壬ǻ֮ӻԤ֮ӣһ죬޶ʩӵʹ࣬ٱ
ӡУͷգһŭĵͺгɱޡ
칬¼ش꼸ըѡ
ѴķɺͳԶ˿ġ
쿪ʼͲòʹⷽÿ֮࣬Ȼˣڳ˾޴ʹ֮ȬٶҲöࡣ
ÿĽ΢
еɱԽŨҡ
ãƽ
ˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ𣬴ƽ
ķӡ֮һֱܣ廹ֱ̫̫ǿߣѰҹķӡ֮أһֱûκ˳ɹ죬ˡ
ôˣ
ͻȻڵ
˵ʱӡռ룬һָ״СⶸȻ֣ϸȥǺȻһʶƬǴĳ˵Ӳһ
ϢʶƬϢ̫һģһ
н֮
еķţܹ˵һ룬һ˶Էţڱ屻ӡ˵ҲһַǳЧĹͨʽ
һУǴ֯ѺŲȡġ
⣬Ȼڷӡ֮أһжĿ֮£̫Ҳֱֻܺӹͨ޷֪ӡ֮صľλá
شˣһѾ׵һҲѾúתƳ½硣⣬Ѿڿʼ޴ˣһʱ䣬ض֯һ֧ľ޴
̫ع
ûκ˿Ի֯Ǹ֮ӡȻһʧˣǴûзǵȴһεĸͱ
ˣǸô
̫ع
ͨͨһѰӡռɲţĬĬģþ˵һ仰
ô֪
ӡ޴Ση档
ķ飬ı칬ʲôˡ
޷
ֳʵ̫ǾԲǶ֣˵ͻ֮У̫رҲܵ˲СĴˡ
ˣ
̫ûôֻ࣬ʶʵ
Ǹ֮ӣǸδ
üͷ壬ԽĳĬˡ

˼λشʱͻȻ֮䣬һ˷ˣ޷޵ʹ຿ռ
ͻȻĶ˼̸
ˣǸ֮һֱ𣿡
̫ʵ
ڵĿռӵкǿķӡ̫޷ͨԼʶƬ֪̫Զ̫ػǸо˰»ɽϢ


ڶǧʮ »ɽ죡
֮ս»ɽܣ̫ʼԭչ»ɽĲлҪ̫شȴꡣ
Ȼо֣Ȼľ̫Ҳѯ̫ࡣ
šǴΰ֮״̬ʱˣҲϰˡ
΢΢˵ͷô˵컹ǻͷǳһ
죡
Ȼһ࣬»ɽͺûһɲͣһĺС
쿴һĻ΢΢üͷ
»ɽӱȻغ˵״̬ǳ֣ȫڻҺʧУƺȫɥʧ־
ҲԹ»ɽ״̬ȴȫá
壬Ҫɱ㣬ɱ㣡
ʱ»ɽٴ˻һԹ˻ҶƺȫԼС
ľѾȫˣڵ״̬Ƿˡ
̫سĬƬ̣ڵ
»ɽһӵһУ̫Ҳж֮󣬷ֲʵֻۣϧѾܿʤһ̣ڸݵµըҩ״ݻ١
Ҫǣ̫֪»ɽ֮仹ںǿ˽Թ
һе֧ױǰ»ɽ״̬ˡ
̫ص˼ڵİ»ɽѾȫˣֻҪ
ˡ
ƺ֪̫ʲôҡҡͷ
һܹõʶͬˣԲ򵥣ҵΪֹҶûŪףԪȥôྪž޵ˣΪʲôʶôѡ֮ӡһкĵط
»ɽһֱΪ֮ӡ֯ģһΪϵǸĹֻ֪ʲôûһжǰ»ɽ
һŪˣȷʵʧأȫУǷ񣬸
˶٣
ԴҰ״̬Щ֣ƺһһʶԺ
һ磿
Ļ̫شһָ״СʶƬ͵زһ¡
ⷬǰδ˵
ߣ
̫̽ŵ
漰һ磬뵽Щ硣
ǣ
Ԥϣҡҡͷֱӷˡ
ҲǺǸйأܿͷֲˣǵΪơ
ɲǼ䣬̫Ҳסˣ˼ǺƣǾ磬ΪʲôҪ˵ǡһ硱
״ֻһЦƺ֪̫еʡ
Щûа취ϸ˵޲鿴ļ䣬һЩ磬ȴȫͬİƬ
ЩƬкܶ඼ȴûзЩδȴѹûз¡޿ʼΪļִ󣬵Ǻ֣Ǹļ䣬ƾԺжġ
һƵ磬ķչȴֽȻͬƬ̫٣Ҳûа취̫̽࣬Ҳʲô״
˵üͷܹΪѵ鲢࣬»ɽϵ״ڻ֪ô¡
¡
˵ʱͻȻ֮䣬ͻû˿ףӡռȻͺһֻδסռ䣬ʹҡһ
⡪
һĻ춼һû˱ӡռ˽⣬ﶼܵӰ졣
ˣ⣡
֪һĻ̫ҲЩš
ǿ
ȴû̫Ҫǿöֻ࣬һ˲͸ܵһǿڼٽӽ
֮Ϊ׼ȷָо½½أ֮ײ
꣡
ֻһ˲ռٴһֲĿ̫صĿУռϿն˺һɫѷ죬һ̫֮Ҫǧ򱶵͵شѷݺпռһǵİ»ɽлꡣ

Ǽ䣬»ɽһʹ˻κһΡ
һ̣ж¶һ˿ݡ
̣Ȼ󣬵ԸоóӡʵûɶҲûзκα仯һжΪеİ»ɽһжġ
Χĵģʱ䶼·ֹ
һÿȥҲ죬ֻһɲǣ𶯶ʧˣΪǴ컹̫أ֪һоô򵥣ɲǼ䣬˽еİ»ɽ
»ɽԭֻʣһţһһĥ̴СĻ֣ʱ˿̣ȴһɳĹâӻб
ֹˣ̫شʱҲоռͻȻһԭ
ԭˣˣˣ壬ԭɱҵɣҲŹ㣬Ź㣡ɱһΣܹɱڶΣ
ֻһ˲һŭХƽһֱ
̫صĸ֪УԭججҺʧеİ»ɽ˵ʶȻһ̱ͺһͻȻѡ
ʱ˿̣𶯵Ļǰ»ɽ˵Ǿ仰
ˣʲô
Уʲôʱɱ壬Ϊʲôʶ˷˸еԽˡ
ɻûгá
ϵʲôܣ
һ̣һ죬ˡ
ʱ˿̵İ»ɽһ˿ضûУͱС
䣡
ûκأһ̣ʶͬ籩ӿ뵽»ɽС
ѹԵǰ»ɽһһ̣еһж¶ǰ
̣һ绨ҫ»ɽеһУԺⳡͻȻ黭棬ҲȫһӿԺС
ž
ޱȵļž
ҫųҵĵ绨ȻʲôҲû˵
ϢУʱ󡪡
ˣ
Ƥһ͵ۣһɲһ˫ȻΪ°㣬ŷ˲ұӵĹâ
ԭˣԭˡ벻侹Ȼ飬һȻԭһѳɹ
һɲǣϢ粨һͬһ㡣
ֱǶԵģĵȴһ˽ڰ»ɽԺУ˴δĻ棬Ҳޱȵࡣ
ոһɲӡռ䶼𶯣δй춼е𶯡
ʱ˿̣֪һԶȥô򵥣ǴӺɫĿռѷĲʲô磬һꡣ
һһģһġ»ɽ
»ɽһģһȫĸ֪Уڲϵںϡ
ȡһ»ɽԺеȫ䣬Ҳ֪еһС
ߴ飬Ϊȥ塭
һоͰǰ춼ţϾȻ顣
һ̣ͻȻҲΪʲôǧֻһ»ɽѡУΪ֮ˡ
Ͱ»ɽ
һ˫Ӱ㣬˾Ǳ˴еĴС
ͬӵ㡣
֮Ӻܲһ֮ǰκһʵ嶼ȻͬΪǵһġ
Ԥ֮ӣ
һ߶ȡһ»ɽԺеļ䣬һߴЦһͷԺҲԽ
һ㲻˵ǧǸƵ칬ˣĴڣ޾ͺеĴΪһ壬ԤԶԣ޵Ӳ


ڶǧʮ 
һɲǣռ𶯣бĳӡռ䶼ΪһƬ硣
»ɽ㲻Ҫɱһ֮
ͻȻͷ»ɽ
¡
һ̣ûȰ»ɽشһӴͬХڱŷ˲佫»ɽûС
ȻԤϣɾȻûκε͵ֿ
ɣֻһΣһҪ
ɵʱһͰ»ɽЩƣȴ΢΢Щ˻Ƶ޾ޣе
һ䣬»ɽͶְ㣬Ͷ뵽굱С
˵绹һܹɱ壬Ǻʾˡ
¡
һںϵḺ́еĻҪöֻ࣬Ƭ̵ʱ䣬һ̫֮ҪҫĹâȻڱŷѸٻΪһͨأӡռ䡣
Ӵֱӽ̫صƬ˳ȥֹˣ̫صĸ֪У˰»ɽ꣬˵Ϣ仯
걾Ϊ칬ܵ˼صķɣԺǲҲѺۣһɲǣ꾹ȻٺתƬ̾ͻָɣȻûа취Ȭָٶȴ֮ǰ
Ȼһ˿»ɽϲųֹϢ
־
̫ףѾɵ˰»ɽͬʱҲ˰»ɽ֮ӵ
һ̣ǡµ֮ӡ
ѾҪңҲκ˱ˣ
ռ籩Ű̫ȴһ򣬸ող⣬ԼƬ˳
̫ز֪Ӱ»ɽеõʲôֿʲôʣһ̵ţ
ãеķ籩ƽϢ
꣡
̫صĸ֪УռıԵһ죬Ǽ᲻ɴݣιޱȵķӡϾȻͻȻһѷ죬ͬһʱ䣬һϢҲк
ôܣ
һɲǣ̫𺳲ѡ
Ȼû룬һ࣬Ҳ
£
̫æͷǰδеǫ
һ̣̫ͻȻףǵȴ˺ܾõʱ̣ˡ
̫ء
ΧһƬžãڿˣһ̣ն𶯣
޵ȴԪʱڵˣ
򵥵һ仰̫𶯲ѡ
һ飬ǵ֮ǰǸŮ𣿡
쿪ڵ
ǣѾ׵
̫ع
ܺãмҪȥ

֮󣬴ƾʦ
Ҷ裬档
үһţ
鷿в鿴ϢʱһͻȻɫҴңһ˽
֪ˣùɡ
˵棬û⡣
ǣ
ܿҴȥƬ̺󣬿һţ̧ȡǷż㣬ŷ⣬ֻǿһۣʱ΢΢ɫ
ŷвûκεֻ֣һľʵķһſհ׵ż㡣
Ǻܾǰ͸ٵģհ׵żϣһ칬ͼ
죡
ĿһͻȻʲô
忪ڵͬʱϵŷͻȻ޷Զطͬһʱ䣬һϤ϶
壬Ѿ֪еܣ֮ĶԹô֮޽еݻ磬ʱ㽫κεĻᣡ
ϧʱɣ
ޱȣδ䣬һɺɫĻ涸Ĵżڲŷ˲佫żȼΪҽƮɢС
ҽ䣬ϢҲ׵ʧˣǽʶѣı岢û
鷿忴һĻȻһֻȴԽԽ
֪еܣ
ʲô˼
Уʲô˵֮Ʒ
һɲǣԺ˲Ϣͷ칬¼֮֯ͺһ⻹һյź
ս𣿡
ϻվͬһʱ䣬һӴƻĴϱ
ʲôıҶȫ̽¡
һΣҾٸĻᣡ
һ仰ն

Ƿųˣûκ֪ʦһƬƽ˽£һѸı䡣
Ԩģʩɺ˹ز飬Լ̫ٱã³ͬ޴󽫾˼˵Ķ֧֣»Ӹǵӡ£½翪ʼһʷǰĴģš
ݣʳ۹½粻֣ܹȣȫʳˣˣˣͻˡвԾٶչͬʱӪ
ֻһβ֮սΪӦδĳһǳǰδевҲΪˡ
꣡
Ƿᵽʱ䣬ͬʱҲϱӼУЩӴֵ߳ʱΪ˶ԸЩӴδܽٵߴ綼Ҫһ֧ǿģǰδеӴӡ
ĳ̶ֳϣ˵ǣڹȥʮ½綫֣һֱս֮У˲أȴҲѵһѪѪʿЩдӲӵйӴԴ
ͺķ³ع裬ʧϡѪʿÿһѵӪƵıӪÿһѵŴʿ
½һһӴĵ۹һӴĻת
һɺ󲻾ãҲչأʼߵľ硣
û֪αչػãÿ˶֪Ϊһս׼
ǳ֮Ĵս

ʱ

ٽʱ֣½缫Զһϣһ˻һӰȻӺˮ棬ϸȥһھﵫȴͬϻΪĺۼʹþںĺ
ɣ
ʱһ͵˽ͷ
ûСģҪǡ
ͷӰѸϢԾڰߣֻ˺ܿϱںжƤͷǰ
һʯ᾵ͱڣѡΪӲ׾ϵЩˡ
ݣ
ֽŲãԳͱϿǰޱȣʱδǰڰʱ򣬼˵жûбκ˷֡
ֻ˺ִܿ¶վ¶һࡣ
Ȼֻ˼ۣɫ䣬ϸ룬˲٣ѸСȥ
ǰСյģӰڼǰ岼ɢűľԼһЩȼţɢһƲĻѣΧǣߡ
ˣӦþڲǰˡ
һ˿Χɫޱȡ
ǿ쿴ʲô
ʱһӲԶ
ѭȥֻһ˴һСľ߳һ˶ͭ飬ƣһֻĿޱȵĽɫͫ
֯
ֻɫͫ΢һ۾ͱ˳
ֻ֮绹̫壩ɺµĹżҵġ


ڶǧٰʮ 
ݣ
Ϊ׵ͷһУǱ˶ͭУҳһҳһҳǸ½ķĦķȫС
ںճѵ书ؼǵõϢûȷʵ֯Ҫһݵ㡣
Ϊ׵ͷһص
ȥ֯ƾһ伣ǴԼ½δ׷ѰǵټĿ׷ѰҵһЩ˿
֯Ѿʧ꣬ôҪ鼮ôᶪں
һʵ
ֻ˵бҪ¡
Ϊ׵ͷ
֪ͨү֯ʼգǿҪٴжˡ

һֻŸܿ˷գۼӹؿռ䣬űȥ
ھͿǵжˣ
ֻŸȥķ򣬵ϣһ˿صĹâ


΢紵һƫƧУһݵӰһϮ£ţСȥ
ЩͷϾɳϹһңд֡
ĳǣ
ĳĵطѾˣرںϣ´һͳѾӴΪģ˿Ǩ½ʹ½֮κʱҪ͹ұ˴Ǣγһֶķ羰
ϢڵĻĳǻңΪɹճϢ
࣬ҼΪƫƧҲûзЩƫƧĳǳأ֮ǰ͢ɳһλɵĹԱǰ˵أع٣˵ء
չԱκҪ͢дһ״ԱĳȴٳûϢ͢˼ʹ˲̽ǼʹҲȫţ뺣ʧ١
ֹˣһ̶֧Ӿ˵أֻĳпһˣʱ̶֣ӻܵ˲֪ʲôϮһ˾ʧ˳Ϣ͢ж

ǳһļžǵӰС߽ȥϿյģֻҶڽ紵
ûˣ
ûˣ
ûˣ
˰Ұ̽飬ȴڿյģе˼ϻ꣬зʢʳȴһ궼ûжΪʱãЩ˱һù
һĻüͷ塣
ĳǲǺܸԣҲڼû˻ڷõʱͻȻ޹뿪һʵǹ졣
ˣ
һ·ǰ֪˶ãͻȻ֮䣬һ˵Уע⣬ͣ½Ų΢΢üͷܿ˳ķȥ
ǰһ޴Ľⲿ״ӦǱá
˳Ƭ̣ܿƿ˽ȥ
Ż
ֻƬ̣ڵ龰ɫ԰ףһ͵Ż˳
ʬ壡
ʬ壡
Ů׵ʬСɽѻһ𣬿Ѫȡ̡
֮ǰǱʬ帯ĴӬ
ʬУһñ
ʣʧ˶
û֪ﵽ׷ʲôȻ˿ֲңƺҲܵ˼ĳײײ˳һһ߸Ż
䣡
ãϽֵʱͻȻ֮䣬𶯣һֲѿһӴĺӰȻ
𣡡
ڳͬʱһںľ޴˾˹ȥ
ʯ䣬˻ͷһƳһųݵ޿ڣ׶ɺ
ޣ
һͷ״򣬿ĳʧƷĹޣ·һſſĹһ㣬ܶطһЩȫеצͺʧˣˣͷӵżµս
䣡
޴Ĵ䣬ֵʯ·ֽƬ׷飬ƬϢ˷俪
һڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣԺ֮һ
ণ
ͬʱϣһ貵̻ͬգȼŨ̺ͻ֮ⶼܿ
˵ĿҲ˲ޱȡ
ǣ
ʱ䣬Ѿֺüطռֶ̥ȷЩ̥ޣ⻹ǵһΡ
˶ֻ֪̫һӵЩںǾ֯
ʣʧ֯ٴγˡ
ϣ
ͷԼĹޣ˺ԥͳϵѷУȻѸȥǶӰýޱȡ

ңԶľʦ
谵£ûжע⵽һֻֻϴǵӥȸӸʹһ
ӥȸ£һѸǰסĽż㣬䣬ȰݶȻżݵһźɫۣ͸һǿϡӰϡ
£鶼Ϣ֯ټټ飬Ѿȷߴʧ֯йء
ֲĻͷ
֪ˣȥɡ
ͼ˰֣һȻ
ǣ
ܿɶȥתɲǿԿϱһơ
Ƶһһֻì̴Ľɫȸһ׭Ĵ֡
칬¼ȥ֯ʧ꣬ˣȴûзɶǵ׷󣬴ƻȡɵĶԸ֯֯
ӡҹµľ񣬻иɸ֣ȫУķֻɽԼҵϵͳҲȫУȻ
ܲУȨȴԶԶκβš
֧ӵ죬ǰ̫ͼ
ͼ⣬ǻҹУҺϵܣ칬¼ҲƴȫΪȡʱ䣬ͳ֧Ҳʵѡ
£Ϸ޾ĺϣ֯ѾˣҲ־޵ĺۼǿǲ̫ƽ¾Ҫˡ
һ̾Ҵһɫƽ£ͻȻڵ
ͼλƻʹܹ̫ҡ
ٵĺƽ첻ֺƽһ㣬ǰǲѾ֪𣿡
ͼ˫֣½ǰڶһƵᡣ
֣֯Ϊߣû˱ס
ͬСɣҪ֪̫ͨ𣿡
̽
ǶȻ죬˶ֻ֪һˣǾ̫塣
ܹԸģҲֻ壡
ͼüͷ΢壬ƺ˼ʲôܿͰ˰֣ն
ˣڲŸոտʼûеһ̣ûҵκ˶ô̫֣̫ĺӦס
ǰչأ߾磬Ӵʧ٣˴̨˳֮ͼ³áʩɺͺķӹݵĽɫά½ת
жһĵĬǾ쵽ǰԲκ˴壬Ϊƣ½磬ҲΨһϣ
һʧܣҲʹսᡣ
ǣӼף
һæͷ
׼ˣ
ͼƳһۣ
ϸѾ׼òˣ⣬ҲѾӽѵɡ
˵£æɫࡣ
ȷһ£Բκβ
ͼ
ǡ
ֻƬ̣һֻֻŸڿն˷ȥ



ڶǧٰʮһ ǿʢƣ
һ·ϣӹǧɽˮ۽޾ĺϡ
䣡
һҵĺ˵ĿУһ֧޴¥ɵ¥飬˷ˣѸê
ˣˣ
컶ͷյעУһܼݴ¥£ˮͷܶ¥
Ϊ׵һɫڣȴȣ͸һɷǷʣϸȥüĿżƣȻ
˶ĺڵѲǵëͷСӣĥԼʹȻĲУڵѳΪʢġµ¥飬ģӴ
Ҫǣڱչǰѽ½кϵȫдƺӦ֮صȫһþ
ӣ۳Ͷ٣ˡ
´һϹԱųϲ첽ӭȥ
̫شˣúˡ
ǶԴһ㶼İ첽ӭȥ
̫أͬʱҲϵĴô꣬ںѵˮ֣ڸؽΪõ¥
˴˷ֹȷμ
ô꣬Ҳδʧ׬޵Уչּʢĳ档
ȻҪǴңԼƳ̫
ˣ˶ʯʳ
־һ΢Ц
ܹʯѾǵʮˣ֮ǰʳܹĳԺȡ
ɫĴԺ
ڶ֮ս֮ǰӦ֮ʳжѾʼˣ꣬ȴԶ֮ǰ
ÿʱʳȥʱˣΪֹѾӦ֮ٶ˿ڡ
̫ˣ
֣־Ҳһϲã
ˣˣ˵Ӧ֮ѾĶĶգһ죬𣿡
ġ
ԣɴЦ
һ첻ܣһ죬һһ컹еģӦ֮ʳһֵ꣬ȫӽˮ
һҲܾˣڵӦ֮µϣ֮أ֮أ
־һ̾
ӽˮѾڴƴΧƹ㣬ˣҲֻһ죬ֻһһ죬Ӧܹ֮һճĲ˵ֱ
ˣǱߵĽչΣ
ˣ⼸ȫԸЩͷɽľһգүÿһŴһ硣ڲ֮ǰۼƽ¥Ѿﵽʮ򣬵ֲ¥ºһ¥Ѿ˳͢͢Ǳߵʹá
־ɫ
ʮ¥㾡ͬʱҲҹԼմĽ
˶֪Ǽ縺ʲôʹʮ¥ļƻоǴƵߣսʧܣӦ֮ؽ·
δʤǰܣ
ԲԼȴòǴǧǧİա
ˣλ÷ͬСɣϵ˵ѾɣͿǱˣ
־Ļص˵ͷ
ǰҲΨһġ
־п
ǰչǰټ½и߲㣬½绯Ϊÿвͬר˸𣬶־ľϲ
˶íɾȫԸɸԵ񣬾ϣܹĸܹоԸ죬ͬҲΪԼ羡Լһ
壡

ʱͻȻһĺԶ˵ע⡣
ѭȥֻԶһɽͷϣŰӵ˷һʮ׸ߵӴ¥һԲľɵĻݣһ·¡¡»ȥһ¥뺣ƬˣƬĺˮҲ֮
޾ո£¥뺣ĵطһ·ϣɽУۿڴһҾ޴¥
Щ¥ֺ׳ƾˣһȥ߼ʡ

ӹǧɽˮصԽʢĺ캣һƬ֮ңĴϣͬһƬȻļ
࣡
£

ʳ͸ǧһë֮أʳ˾ۼһôʳﺰŴʳеĺһһ飬ÿǰһڴϣ״ľͻе
е۲µǵĶһɹŨĺӵص籡
ʳͣ
ǰķԸ˴ʳ۹ԭĲһ·£ҵŵõɳĮСС
ﱾǽ˵СΧһƬɳĮʳ۹ⶼһصС䣬˭û뵽˰˵ʹòɾʼɾ֮󣬾Ȼڳ֮ͣʳ۹ԭĻͣɵøףҲ
巢еĲﵽ˾˵ĵز
֮ս˳׼Ϊԭ򣬴ӴʳõĻҲԶԶսʹ˼κͿ㳹׸ĳ򳹵׽
ÿһնдĺɫʹһ·˵Ƶ۶
һ͹ȥΪֹƴĻ;ѾǧͰˣһδ󺮳ӦҲִ֧ƽʮϵĴģսˡ
ڲıԵ䱸ɭϵĴ֮У֥һףľͲͻеͻȻڵ
ţǰ̶ĿѾһˣȥǺ׾ܹﵽǧͰ٣ٵĻͲˡ
һԵİ˼˳ͦΣĿӴѲͷ͵
Ͱڴʳ۹Ͳһʡ
󺮳ٵʱʳ۹ʵһֱͣʼôҲΪȼķʽҲԱȽϰȫһܴ⣬Ǵ٣䲻Ǻܷ㡣
ǰǳƵ۹ĻУ½򻮷֣־ͳ˧ʮ¥Ѿ䴢ʳ֥Ͱ˼˳ʳ۹Χڵͳ˧ΪƵ۹ɣػ͡
Ϊ˲ɾ䷽㣬һִͰ
ԲεĴͰܷԺã伫Ϊ㣬һ飬ҿԹǰŲƷǳס
֮󣬴ƾټĹʼƤͰ
Ѿ൱ĸЧͰȫ
ˣٶʮնѾ׼ϣͰѾװ׵ָʾ
˵ʱ򣬺ȻһӶߴһӥĿǣǴʳ˵ʿϴŴƵʽף첽˹
󺮳¼ټϺĵ۹սԼƳ׵ͳһ£ʳ۹Ѿ׵ĳڴơ
ڸ֥Ͱ˼˳ѾдĴʳʿ֮ǰ֮ڴʳ˴ѧã൱Ĵʳ˶˵
ΧһƬžʿĻ֥Ͱ˼˳Ťͷ˳ķֻһ֧ǧֻɵնװ


ڶǧٰʮ ȣǿʵ
ЩնƥΪһ飬ÿһ涼һƵĻװ˶ѻɽͰԶԶȥ֧նһۿ߼ʣ׳ۡ

֥һӣն
һ̣һ֧ǧ˾Ļ£֧նӻԶȥ
նԶȥǸ֥ǰ˼˳һʱ䣬ҹԼղͣ࣬ʱգ
µľͿˡ
ڤڤУնʧķа

ߴӴʳŵò뿪һ·ʼһ·˹ǣٵҶԼ˸֮ǣո£Ƭ·ϣ̳ɱһɱϢ춯أֱ͸
ϸȥ̳У֪ٴȮݺᡰɱʳˣɺˣˣگˣ˹ˣͻˡͬıȫսһ
Ĺ̳Լܼڻıٲ
ϸӣͻᷢЩμԷֳ߸ÿвͬɫʶ񣬱ӪѵӪǣһһţ·ˮ಻ƼΪˡ
ɱ
һĺɱڴ븽֧ɱڣһ㣬Ӹεĵطɱ
֧ûײһ𣬱һĺһһ貵ս⻷˵Ľ±ŷÿһʿĽٲֹ⻷ԶԶȥ貵ǳ˲ѡ
䣡
ͬײ·ܣ޻εײһܼײУضźҵĶѡ
һʿֱӱ˸߿գȻˣЩʿȴչֳ˷ǷļɺڱһײɵͬʱڿзжһЩʿֱһƣײȻ˳Ʊܿսģ⵽ĳ͡
ֹˣȮѸٽ֣ЩʿŲתƣЩֱӷһֻץסڵͬʱеĵٳ綾֣߰ն£չʾ˼߳սɡ
࣬ԳֻƬ̣¡һ죬գۼ䣬֧սЩʿսףϢ
⼸֧ûʹκι˵ļɣֻгǹһָһɹɰƥſֲȻʵã޻εķʽǰеıȫɡ
Щ˳ɱ룬ֱӽǰȫɣսһƬҡ
ϣ
սʱͻȻһԽ˻Զ˹ķɫһͷڳ˷ƣ׼ӦԺ󷽡
һԴΪģԲǧڣ˼սͬı֣ͬķ񣬲ͬԣ׷׷īǳճʼһֱ䣬ƺսֹһ㡣
ÿһ֧ƣĵ£ıӪȻһ֧µı߳ͺԶսϷ㡣
ʱ˿̣ûж⵽ھʮĵطһĸ̨ţ̨ԣһϢǿ籩ӰŲԶս
ǰɱ󣬼ޱȵսȣһƬͺһȻͬһ㡣
ͺķԨģŮʩɺϤŵ߹»죬ͻʧϴ󽫾گĶθȫ죬˹صĵ꣬ԼսȫۼⷽССĸ̨ϣ˶ɫأһ˿
ǰǳ飬˼켸ҹĶ߲ȫۼһã󻮷ּ򣬶֮У̫ٱã˹ص½ڶ󽫴ԸսҪĽɫ
һ꣬мѵ˵ڶ꣬ͬϱ±ɶѵ˵꣬еıȫɢϱ±ɻಿӣߴսΪλս֮ļս
˶ȫԸÿ˶δҪԵĵʲô
ǷľӣԪڻӡ
û֪жǿǺʣǱض֮ǰκһ֧ӡ
ϸı׼ȥѵδпǳսУΪȡһϣ
ʱգѾѵ˴ıÿһ֧İӣǾĶһԿȻ޷ĲӣҲ֧Ÿʮغϣǰȣȫͬն
ɱ
ʱһɱսдԶԶȥһ֧ң˿ԵֵӴڳʱ򣬽еǰıʲôͳͳɳȥ
˵Ȼһ壬˵ĸоһӲĸ

ʱ֧
вսϣʱеıͷ֮ǰܵıתǹͷһϣɱ󷽺ɱ

һҽڶ֧ܲĶ֣սûκһ֧ˣǡǡ෴ȫηĳȥ
ڳ̵ͬʱԭԿļ֧ȻѸٱ任ͣڶ̶ʱڣȻһ󷨣ȻŶȥ
һӣӡ
ܲĶ֣ЩȴʼǿĵֿţֲĹȴʼûб䴩
ããһﵹأսȻ߸ߵĿ̨ϣܰͺķ̫ٱã˹صĵ꣬˷һ鶼ࡣ
ˣе±ѵѾȫɣܹԿôãѾ֤ӵжԿκζֵ
ͺķȿڵ
ڼǰİոյǳƬսȻҲ˴Ķ֣վǱЩ±һ֣ʹ󷨻ܡ
֮ǽĵǳ
Ϊ֪ĲӣＸ¹ǿսûΪЩսϵĲܹǧܹôãֱѾˡ
Ҫ֪ڳսϵ⼸֧ӣȫǴӸӪѡͨӣľӻܹ֮࣬ȫ¼ôãѾ˵ǵ
ǰǲġ
ţﵽһǰƶĿ꼸ѾȫɣͶ뵽δս֮ˣ
Զ̫ٱҲ˵ͷϿ֧ʵ
УĿ̵ģҪҲߵģڣҲʲôë
˼أ
ͻȻڵ
һ仰˲佫˵Ŀⶼǰ˹صϡ
ǰȻļƻƶʵϾѵƻԼִУɴһָ
ܼİʮĴʮıӪͬı֣Լͬʿһжɴ˳ᢣЧʼߡ
ҪﵽѵЧҪϵʱ䣬ڴͳ£ǰˣöɰңǰ˴һ˽յЧ


ڶǧٰʮ ͻͽ
˭ҲûмԵģʲôĶ֣֧ҲѾӵһս֮ٿԸشˣһ㡭Ի㱨̫ˣ
Ŀһֱû뿪սʱڿڵ
Ѿˣµľֻܿˡ
ϵ½Ĵû˻ϣһǰͺһµ
ͨĶ֣ս֧ǧĴֻеһȫ

Ƭ֮ڴһ£һֻŸ붸ڿն𣬳Ŵƾʦķ򼲷ɶȥ

ʱ֮ݣһط
䣡
һһ˶ʯ߰ʮأһҰ޵˻Ȼӵص׸߸߷ȻصǸ޴ĵؿΧ
ԶԶȥǸ޴ġ֪ĿӶΪģΧپ£ʮˣ˶ȫԸͬϣھʲô
Ⱥ룬԰ټƵӰ˸ŵɫĹâȻһΪǿĵϵߡ
ͣ
һҪڵĿ꣡
һ㣬һ㣡
ÿһ㣬ʸҪص׵ˣ

չһźϴӿӵ洫
˳׵ĿӶ£ÿһξ붼ֻܿĲڶϣĵϵߣһ㣬ھ͵رɹ͵Զ
ڿӵ׵԰ټƵľһЭͬھϸȥǺȻһͷͷ;޴ޱȵʯ
Ϊ޴ʯȻ˴ĻƲ졣
䣡
֪ھ˶ãͻȻһĸӵص״Ǻƺ̺һɽʹض΢΢
ڵˣŶһŶ
ͻȻһ󻶺ӵص״
̫ˣ
ڵؿĻƲҲɷһ˷ܵĴ
չǰķԸƲӾ뿪ͬʱȫ³ǿĵϵߣһ֧ϵ
ǴڵĿģ絽ѰʧľŶ
ˮɼ¾ɾѹݣǾŶ
Ʋһֱ˵ĲӣɽҰ֮ĴھѾھ󶦣ֻʣǰһ󶦡
䣡
Ʋ͵һȭ£ܵʯˮ£¶·͵ͭ󶦡
ȴһĹâƺڴڲ̺һص
Ź


һ죬һ޴ǧ׸ߵĵر£ƲѸٽ󶦲һܣȻסͭ󶦵Ķ
ܿ죬ŻƲһ£ͬһ㣬Ѹŵرȥ
𣡡
ǸִΪģһӳȥһϵ߱ȫһʹȥ
꣬ضҡһǾ޴ͭһ棬ϵ̧ߡ
һףףסһ·ϵߣ쳣˳Ҳһϲá
ͭ뵽һٶ׵ʱͻû˿ף䣬Ȼͬһʱ䣬ԭ̫صͭ󶦾ͺճһʯһŸ߶ȵӿʼ쳣ĳأǹѹԽԽ
Сģ
һȣ˲Ϣ˶¶˽ŵɫ
Ŷѹ֮ÿһ󶦶֮ͬǰھ󶦵ʱֹеĻͻȻ³͵Ļ棬еĻͻȻһƬ󣬶е߿˵ĹǰһĻϤˡ
ףףʮף
󶦼ȥ˵ĸ֪У󶦵ͻȻʼα̶ֻʱ䣬󶦵˼ʮ˵ĸ֪Уͺһ޴ɽ塣

Ʋͷ亹ʳˣֱ𣬻ëиðһɹƴȫҲûܽصףЩ֧Ųס·Ҫصصˡ
ͦסһˣǵˣ
һ쳹գһͬЭһҧ֧š
ǲ֪ڹ˶ٵطɽ󣬺ͳͳȥмִۣһ·ˣֻҪڳһ󶦣˱㹦Բ
ҪǣŶ̫˵ԸҷԼδЩߵĹؼ
Ŷȫǰͬն
ΧھľŶӵѾʮϣ⽫δΪҪս
ֻҪܶδǳƽ˶ȫԸԹԡ
ÿ˶֪һȻ٣
ƴȫ޷óԸ
䣡
صٶ׺ͭӵڵŵĵزһͻȻϣ󶦱һǿֱ䣬׹صصףϣҲһھ޴Ե£쵹˵ϣˤɳȥ
һɲǣһİһĻ仯˶û뵽ġ

ȻֻƬ̣Ʋһҧٴ˵صףһУٴα仯һͷͷ޴ʯͬʱҲٴ
һʯһڵصƣ˲ϵĳŸַͭ档
ϣ
ϣ
ϣ
һһͭ󶦲ϵˤصصףкܶ˸һͬˤȥ
Ȼһ֮󣬻Ʋ취õϵֱӸıΣص׵ͭһġ˽ͭǹӴ׹͡
һʱ
䣡
ڣͭصףڵϵһ̣˶ʱһ춯صĻ
ɹˣڳɹˣ
һ󶦣ȫˣ
һЩӯƴȫӸֵ伮ϲϣ˷¶ޣҲ˲ˣڣ˵һ졣
ǧ֮ЩʧĴ˼䡣
ϿѴϻؾʦ⣬֪ͨү
ŻƲһֻŸѸٴȺɽ֮зʦ

һ·ڻƲ콫Ŷϳصףյʱ򣬴ƾʦʹصס
һƬεĿռ䣬صһƬ谵ֻһſҹǶͷʯϣɢ΢Ĺâټĵص׿ռӰ飬ϥһѵĺͼǵݡ
ӣ
칬¼֮󣬰Ӿһֱȫţʹص׵ռ䣬ֻǰʮеһ
սǰȣӵʮϣֹˣĴ컯֯½񹦣ݱ񹦣Ħ޻棬ӰħҲȫǡ
ֻǿ߲ܶԿǿߣ
Ӵӽһ𣬾֯ġ

֪˶ãһԽڵص׿ռ߲ͣûж˻⣬ǵص׿ռУһӵĳԱȴǵõĳźŰ㣬۾վ
׼𣿣
ͻȻһУڴĽɽͰӰȻӱվ𣬴Ӱ˻֮С
Ǽݼ㣬ɫȻǰ׺ޣԷ糾¡
ʵǿ󣬶ҶڻĹ칬¼󣬾ͱ밵ӣΪµͳ˧
¿ռоĵģûκһ˿˵˶ͷ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
нֹ
ӱ֮κβӶŸϸļɡ
ɣ
׺һӣֱ


ڶǧٰʮ ˵Ϣ
գ
һϵĽŲڵ¿ռһصİźһӰ롣
ЩѸٽ£ÿһԱǰһӰϸȥЩӰۣϵϢҲûôǿ󣬵ǵؿȴȫаӵı־
ȻЩ˶һЩµİӰӳԱ
ʼ
׺Ŀ磬ܿɨ¿ռ䣬飬аӵĳԱ׷׳֣ǰЩӰϡ
䣡
ͬһʱ䣬𶯣ӿ¿ռͻȻâţÿһӵĳԱڶһǿҵЩ仯ѸŤգֳһһ̫ͼ
գ۵ʱ䣬һһ»ӰѸٳƬصĵ¿ռС
컯
Щʩչǵ彻ǵ书Ѿﵽ˼ߵĻ
һһĺйӿ磬ϵӿЩӰڡ
ַͨʽЩµİӵĳԱ书
ʱ仺ȥЩڵϢԭǳ΢أЩĹ룬˵ϢԽԽǿ
Լʱ󣬵ʽһӰ۾һɲǣڵϢ˳֮ǰ̥һ㣬ȫͬն
һĻǰ׺ޣԷﳾµ˶ĵ˵ͷ
ô꣬ڵİѺǰͬնͨϵѵϵĹעӵĳԱ֯ĺȫҲȫѹסǣѷɫ
Իظ̫ǱˣڵİѾȫ׼ϣһս
ǰǰİӳԱӿһǿҵĳɾ͸С
սڼ֮һζÿ˶սеһڣѾʵǰĳŵʲôĶ֣Ӷ޷˵ĳǰ

ҲϵĶߴ½뿪ϵһ·뵽޾ʱ
½ıԵ޾̫յĵطһɫʱպبռ֮УһӰһ
ϸȥЩ˺Ȼʦаˣ˴峤Լƾһ㣬ڸ߿֮Уһ˷ȴһɹɸߵȼ۶Ϊһɫϵĳˢ˵ڣϵǿǵ
֮½ϣ
ڶǿߵĴս֮У΢ǿ߶أԵʳ֮ҹаˣ˴峤Ķ֣δƷ˾͸ӲǶ֣ƾ΢ʵԸ޷
ǰӴʵʱձԵֱӿ⴦ռ䣬ͬʱְѹͨӳ֣ĸߵȼ뵽
һ棬̫ԽԽߵȼԽŨҲѡ̫ձԵ⴦Сռԭ
ʱ仺ȥаˣ˴峤ϼһڰ֮Уû˿ĶϵʱղȴԽԽŨ
꣡
֪˶ãͻȻһܼĿаڱһ̣ͺ⵽ײĴһ㣬а˵ȻϸĺɫѺۡ
䣡
Ƭȫɲǣһɫʱ֮Ȼа˵Ľ±ŷܱͷİٻѨһǿҵʱղֱӹͨ
¡¡
ھ޴£ڵĿռΪģΧʱաԪλȫΧɫĸߵȼҲܵ˼ĳ𵴡
߿
ͬʱƺܵа˵ĸȾϢһĴƾҲ۾һһֺĽһƬȻͷٻѨͬһ㣬ֱӴ޾̫
üģһĴ죬ˮɱһ㣬һŶѸٳ͡
䣡
΢һɫʱ֮ޱȣѸٴĽ±Ϣʱθһأǰ֮
쾳
ʱ䣬ľ飬ͬʱ˻Ƶۣ̫Ԫ˵Ķ쾳䣬а˺ͬһʱƿɰ벽һ̤붴쾳
ѹ˻֮꣬ԶѰ˻Ķ࣬ټϹĹ䣬һƿΪ㿪ʼϵֱӴӶŶ쾳н׺͸߽ױƽڵĶҲϵļӺ񣬱ԽԽι̡
꣡
ӵչǰʼ֪ʦаԼ˶δǳսжôҪֻǲܶԿߵЩս
ǸʱʼƶƻһҪ취ʦǳ׵ͻƵ쾳
֮һԸ
ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬а˺ڽ֮һʱ˶Է
һνջĴ󣬳˹ǣò仯࣬ԭǴӣǴƿ֮ģ˾޴ı䡣
аֱӷϻͯʮӣʮһʢʱڣͷڷ˵ľ񣬰ɫʮͷһ޶촽ϻŨܵĺɫ룬ͷϵҲŸƽʧ
仯Ѿһٶ꣬а˻󣬵Ƕ̶һ˲ͷ˿ȫתڣüëҲŨīòҲʮָʮңΪ
ֹˣĿʹʹޱȣͻƵ쾳֮˵ɫ˺ܶ࣬޳ԭôݡ
˻࿴һۣ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
˶ʦͬһʱͻƣδǳսУǿԶʵԵİˡ
ܿĿһת˿ռһӰ
ΨһûͻƵģֻʣ˴峤ˡ
߲û˾õȣƬ֮˴峤ڵϢ仯¡һ춯صıըޱߵ˴˴峤ڱɨƬգӴϢߵȼȫų⡣
˴峤Ժ֮УһĴ죬һ㲻ϵĴ
䣡
ֻ֮䣬һɫʱ֮˴峤Ľ±˴峤Ҳͬʱ۾
쾳
һ̣˴峤ҲƿͻƵһؾ硣
òҲѸٱ仯˷ϻͯ󶨸ʮӡ

Ŀԣа˷ЦȫĴЦ
๦һɣûйҵɹҪĿꡣ
߰ɣúͳǻˣ
һΣƿն˲ϢʧصĿռС

ʱ仺ȥƾʦ

һֻֻŸӶųո£Ѹû뵽ʹϵ̫֮С
ڤڤУһֻƶѸץסŸ룬ż㳯ȥ
ˣոյõϢǵѾƬ򣬲ûҵˣ
ϥأŴǵӰ
һƬžãһӰӺڰ˳
Ŀ࣬ȲӣҲӥȸǵˣһȫİףȻüĿϡмƣȴֽȻͬ
ˣ̫ȴû˸еİ෴˶ԴϵǵӰء


ڶǧٰʮ Ѿȣ
Сʣ
ǰ⡰ˡ̫ǸܶҲ֮Ϊʴˡ
ʴ¼Ϊ˰ѣСԱֻʣһƲл꣬ʱǨȥűԴռİСѻָǵˣѵõĺƽʱ䣬Сʵʵһ¥Խǿ󣬶һһ
չزڵʱ䣬ʹִ֣ͼϡ˹ͬһϵͳְͬ
ͼǱ߸Ǽල֯Ķ׷ǵ٣ָӴԴӷḻ
Сߵ־Ҫٵö࣬ĵȼҲҪߣΪǵĿֻһǾǾȳԼҳ챾ڵλãķ͸
֯ܲ͸磬ϸĹأͬʱҲǳעܡ
֯廨ţˡگˡͻˡʳˡӦоУҲʹûˮǱгΪܣҺܶʱǻʹߣرĿ
ܻУֻҪģȻҲܳɹ
ʱ䣬򲻸ˣҲվչΪףΪ׮жѾ˳ɹ֯С
Щ׮ǳرһɹǱͲٺ;ʦκϵҲ¶κвأƽʱֹ֯һ޶ƾ豾ǿ츳֯вܵΣյĿľҵڡ
ڲǰ֪֯ηֶߣǱ֯еİ׮ϴһգֻ˳
Ҫǣڱظ±ǣ˵ѾٵԼصشϢ
֮˾ʦߵĴģж
ûϢ𣿡
С΢΢üͷ
ٶҪԲԶ죬ѳɻ飬һҲûзѰ
Ȼֻһ˲Сʾͻع
֣ȫ⣬ϵͻˣǳǰȥѰҡ
Сʳ˶٣ֲһ
ϵǰӺˣҪ֪ǵ¶ΣһҪˡ
ǣ
ȵȥںܿ찲
С̧ͷŴ⣬˳˼
ʱ䣬ҲӦòൽˡܷʲô˴ϢضǼҪ

Ұƣ޾Ĵԭϣһ󼱴ٵֻӰϢ磬ԶѸٳ֡
ৣ˽Ѹٷһ䵽˵ϡ
µӡǡ
ǰһ־ͻȻڵ
һѰڳҶ״ʯͷʯͷһԭĲݽգݽָϷʯѸһεͼӲŻµӡǡ
ûм֪˵ݣӵȴ֪
ʯָǸݽմľǰݣ̫أӶŮҲ
Զ֮أʶʾ޶Ļ
˲ᣬֹۡ
һԣӵͻȻץһʯԵԿЩ͸һ˿Ѫ
ܶԷĨˣЩ˵ܹ֡
һӦñĻҪء
һۻӶдһԵͨҵҲڵüǵǡ
ҲӴΣԷ䣬ûôԵ©Ǿܳϡ
һʼղףȻܹӳΪʲô˲ֱ˵Լڵĵط
ҵ
ȻϢϢûᵽķӡ֮غٵλãҲжʼûнչԭ
ΪЩطûа취Ա
һֱڵϣʱڵ
Щûģ˵ռ䣬һʵʵĵ壬ܶϢûת
û⣬һֱڱ׷ɱûʱ¾ϢҼˣκξԵϢᱻ֣һһĨȥҲ׷١
һƽ
ѪЩ׷ض༫
һ䣬Ĵܡ
ϣ
״Ҳʲôɫһ䣬ĳͬʱȫһŴ󹭰Ѹٱ
Χ˲
ɱ
ڽγͬʱͻͻȻ·˰𶯣ͬʱ˶һͳ˻ͺɱ
ȻǴӵ´
䣡
δ䣬һӰ磬Ȼӵ·
ɱǣ
ܵӰѸ½ữĦ޻ȥΧ飬ȻʮˣΧס
Щڵصײ֪˶ãֱʱӵ˽вͻȻ
û˿ԥЩ˸һ֣ɱмӵ˷˶ȥ½֮𡢾ݱ֮Ħ֮𣬸ɫĻ濴产ˡ
ֻգۼ䣬ӾذΧС
ɱԶʮˡ
䣡
һ춯صľ죬ǰѿһʮɳĵֺɣֻһͽϷͬһΪ˼ն¡
һն̺ݡն죬һŤĺɫѷ졣
ЩɫĿռѷУ΢ǿҲҪˣ˵ˣԷΪȻߡ
ͬһʱ䣬𶯣ͬʵͬӺն
Сģ
һ˲䣬ɫȻȫоһǿҵΣ
֯ɳ׷ɱ˵ĸȻʵĿǰ΢߽׵ĴڣΪɵǣӿգȴǵı壬ͷ·Ƕڵһ㡣
ΣյϢŨҵԸӣȻ׼ӵ˻֣ȴ
˻ӵ˳֣ܴκһжǳɹġ
Ȼˣӻҵȫ侪ҡ
ʯ䣬ʮ˸ַ˶նµɲǣӴ΢չڰһ漴һնŵңң¡
ˣ
һΪģһڰ̫ͼȻ֣ЮȻڵϡ
컯
˲ʩչŶаѧһŹϵǷ켫ԭķ룬ﵽˡ֮ĵز
һ䣬ͻھ޴ĳ£ɲǼضҡԲɷΧڣѣԭƽĲԭ·ϵļװǹӴǽΧĺȫɡ
ֹˣϵ츳屾ֻڲ֮䣬У֮Ǻޱȡ

ֻһĲҽУһӴ£һڵĦ֮½֮𡢾ݱ֮ȫΪһɹɻӿ뵽ԱڣɲǼ䣬ȫȫһƬҡ
ֹˣ൱һֻӳΪһɫĻ滤֣˻Уʯ䣬סĹ
ԵҲֻǽǵĹ赲˵Ѿ㹻ˡ


ڶǧٰʮ 
ħֻն
һɲֻһȣĸߴ࣬·ŭĿյͨҵͻȻǰȸ־޽纣籩㣬ܷնȥ
ͬʽȴǽȻ֮ͬʱȣڵͨҵǿԶԶֹ
ĿޣټӴ컯ĸԼСʹĶ쾳ּ䣬ҵѴƿӵ۹󽫽΢һ·ﵽ΢߽ףޱƽ벽졣
ҵʱͲټϴһͨ˵˼ӵһоϣ𣬷֮˵Ľչ졣
ֻǴ΢߽׵쾳Զ˼ģԴ֮ҵƿԴ
ˣԸЩ֯ĸȴǴ´ˡ
䣡
ֻһҽҵ籩Ե׵Ľĵ˲ͱʵ֧飬ƲЪǳŵԴͷȥ
飬һҽУֻѪ䣬ҵȫ޲Ĺ£Ӱ˳߷ݰ˳ȥһײʮĵϡ
ǷɳȥͬʱۣһģĲӰϴŤԾգۼ䣬Ѫ䣬һϸޱȣϴһһѪ֮ȵս飬һӰкһӶԲ۾·ľ׮׷浹ȥ
ӵҵĹнޱȵ˵ĹãϣÿֻһУ˶쾳ǿ⣬Χ˶ˣ˻š
Ҳжɳ˵ԭ
ʲôˣôôߵΪ
ʮɿ⣬һֱ֯ڵأѪ
ֵһֱӴĵ΢߽׸ʧȥв
ߣΪ⻹Ǵǰ𣿡
ҵһ˫ֿĿʱֽնΡ
˵أ
ֱӿڵ
֮ýһΪѯ˵ϢԷȻѾʶ繵ͨźţ׷˷棬˺ܴĽչҪȷϵǣǷС
Ϊһ𣿡
˸ߣȻȫѪܣȴη壺
һȺϣΪԼʲôΪԼӮ𣿲ڹӲдս֮վҪ٣Щˣ˶
˵ĿУ˫ֳĵ棬¶һ˿Цݡ
һоʲô
Сģֹ
ͬʱ˶Ѿˣ˵Ժһɻԣȶ޵Уǿҵı
飡
˵ĿУ˵ͷ­˲ըͷ£˵ڵء
⵽ô£Ѿĵ
첽ߵǾͷʬǰû뵽ԷԱһһַʽ
ⷬ仯˵ԤУһԣҲüͷ
Щߡ
ʱһԶ
һĻͻ˭Ҳûϵս֮⣬Ȼˡ
ɲǼ䣬սֱӳʣķ
ԶһƬտһСɽһˡ
вʱۣһֻƶȻɽܿ죬һҡҡλΣվ
ˣ
̫أ
һݶǵӰ˶ȥ
Ȼմȴһű־ԵĺɫߣӣǺˣ
ֻӴʱ״̬䲻Ϣ΢䣬˵ķɫȲ԰ףʧѪ࣬˺ۣüҪܵػ
𺧵ǣΪϢ֯׷ɱƺһصطŵһѪҺ˵Ϣͣʹ˽ӽڱ״̬
صģû¡
˰˰֣ˣ
ûʱˣ֯ߡЩ֯ʵ߻ħĲдߣ󲿷ֶ츳ȺӣΪһЩȱݣ֮ãһΣ߶˳ӽֱ̫ĹҲһų
ˣ
һ仰˲ɫ
Ŀǰе׼ǻ֪ϢͨҲͰˣǽӽ쾳ߣȫͲͬˡ
⻹ҪġѾõȷϢ
˵仰ʱ˶Ȼ̧ͷǰδеأһһٵ
죬
⣬Ѿȫ٣һսҪˣ
˿һһϢӣһҲǻԺмһƬհס
˵ˣ׷׻һɫ䡣
ߣ



һϢܴǰʼ˶֪һᵽһ׼ţ˿еõȷʱÿ˻Ǹеǿҵ𺳡
һҪˣ
¡¡
˵䣬һ̣û˿ףͻȻ֮ضҡ
ֹˣϿգչⰵ仯˵ĸ֪УһζͺʲôҪӵصһ㡣
꣬һ޴Ŀӵص״涼·Ҫ˺ѳһ
ϣ
ھ˲Զĵطս˻Ƿ·ܵҾһ㣬Ȼ֮䳯Զܶȥ
ѹ֡ҡأ
˵ĸ֪Уһ̷·ĩ١
죡
ʯ䣬һͷӹԺ˵ɫ˲ɷޱȣ˵Ҳѿ˼㡣
ʱ䣬踺أİ׮Լû뵽һӳҪϢվǳˡ
ʲôı䲻ˣ˴Ķ籾Դ磬ֻ
¡¡
ضҡӴ𶯻ڼԽԽҡ
꣬ϵرݣʳ۹𱱺ϵϣҶѿѷ죬һЩǳ޴ѷ쳹׹ᴩ
ͬʱʦ
ݶϣͼԭĿ»㱨ϢͻȻܵǾ޴𶯣Ȼ˱棬һɲɫޱȡ
ߵ̫УСҲĸоǿҵıԴ𶯣Ӻڰ档
ǡ죡
˭Ҳû뵽һ֮죬ͬʱشĺɱУ̫ٱá˹ǰꡢͺķθȫԼʧϵˣԭڹĦͻȻ֮䣬޴ĸ̨Ȼ಻Զһ޴Ĵѷ˺ѴأֱӽһСɽʳ룬ʯ䵽ѷɲǼ䣬ؾ㾲˳Ĭر档
𶯡ѵ
ʩɺű棬ɲ
ͻ𶯾Ϊ֣ʩɺͬܵرԴ𶯣־ܽ͵ġ
Ҫǣǹ𶯴ķ򡭡ǵϴδ󺮳¼һԴҲ
һҪˣ
̫ٱ̧ͷգͻȻڵ
ոһƬʣڣͻȻ֮ƹؼһƬ谵дѹ˸оĩһ㡣
һԣǰ˹صϤŵ߹»ĬһƬء



ڶǧٰʮ أ
ʳŵãϷϺҲͬעһгޱȡ
Ȼûȷ֤ݣ˶ܵʲô

ʱ˿̣ر棬޾ʱһصĿռУӰѹѹһƬȫۼһӴĽɫ⡣
˵󷨲׼ȷӦһϵķӡһӡĵط
ɫķӡУһֲ糱ϫӿǹӴΪ֮ɫҲκڿɲǣһ̾һСĸо
Ǻ嫵ޱ޼ʣǷ˿Դ
ʵϣ½Դͷͺġ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ڵȵˣҪˣǧأʱ

һ󻶺˷ӿȵȺȫŷӡĵķһޱȡ
ȺǴʱǹͬȺǰֱӹͶأͺڳһλһ㡣
ڹȥ꣬֯˵ܵǰδеشгԱ½磬˶ǰδеĴǰȥһж㲻ʲôֻ֯ʷһصС˻ѡ
ǰ֯δйĹʢ
¡¡
һһӴϴӷӡ֮бŷ·ӿĺһײΧǹϵĽɫ硣
һΣΣΡһδײУǵ˵Ľֳͬһѷ죬ѷ͸һ⣬͸⣬ܹһӰ
̫أ̫ϣ̫ȫۼĿתĿŽɫķÿ˵жǴ˷ޱȡ
ķӡ֮һֱһܣûκһ˿Կ֪λãһΣȴټ֯ĸ߲еĶ֣ǵִﵽ⴫˵еķӡ֮أԼ֤ҲҪʱ̡
ѾòڣӽǿֲķӡȫڣȻҲûٱܵıҪ
ڵһˡ
ƺƣ̫شǰѩޱȡ
Ԫ֮ڵ֯µʱ̡
ô꣬֯Իͣﰵȴһֱ谭̫ң̫壬̫Ԫ̫һǸ֮塭ÿһܴ֯Ĵۡ
ܿһжڡ
̫ؿԸоõϵģǿĳĽɫ磬ڲϵģȴڲǿʱѾԶˡ
˿
ͻȻһϻ˶һ̣һƺƣһɫʱ֮Ȼӽıŷǿֱӽ֯еĸȫɢ
⻷ŷͬʱ꣬ضҡط·һӴ˲˺ѣռ˵ĿУһִĽɫ̺ź嫵ģΪ֮ɫĿֲȻ󷨺ĳ
ǽɫĹէһ֣ռʱ磬ұһŨˮĽɫâ
ֹˣǿֱֲգ˺һ޴Ŀǿֲޱ޼ʣӶȥֻһɲǣǿֲʹԽʱգһ·ӵ޾Զ
¡¡
ڽεضͬʱƾʦϿͻȻ֮ƹŨֱܵڱա
ѹǳݣ
һƵ֮ƺƣһƬ谵һϢʦѹޱȡ
壬޺Լʱ䵽ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬֮еһ󣬷·һʦ¡¡ף̺һϢӴѹ
ˣ
ֻһټľʦ˲һɿӱϯֱӴʦƬƬڶ

һ󾪽ӸʦİһƬֻʣ׷׾ʧ룬ĴӴܡ
ԭȻľʦʱһƬҡ
ǿֲѹУÿ˶ִͷĸо
ʦնʱޱȣͼСʣԷ糾׺ޣ³һ׷״Ӹ˳գɫޱȡ
»࣬ҲȺ̫߳ͷϷܼĵط
죡
û˿ڣ˶֪ͻȻٵľʦϷĿֲϢǱˣʧ֮õ죡
˭û뵽֮죡
ǰһֻ̣󣬵һ̣ȻѾֱӳٵ˾ʦϿա
ǿ
ޱȵǿ
ǰ֪ƷǿͿֲɳԽ
칬¼ͼǺ콻ֵģǰȴԶǰҪֲĶֻ࣬ʶ٣ǹɿֲϢѾվݼϵͼһٴеĸо
ǰ˵ʸ񶼹ϡ
һ̣ͼԺֻĸ֣
֮
ڵĲࡣ
¡¡һƵ֮дķ·ͷһ㣬ڶ̶̵ʱ֮ڣԭҵľʦһƬš
ʦٶ˿һȫһɪɪϻ̳Ͽ֡
칬¼֮Ѿ˲֪˲˵ħ
һ˵עе̫ķ
Ȼ̫ȴǾĵģûκεĶͺûĻһ㡣
ߣ
һߣƺʧȥһ㣬һ̣޾Ʋ֮Уĵһ漴˷еȫ罭۵һȻΪһ̫֮ҪǧٱףȻ
꣡
ն·һ㣬˵ĿУȻԽڰǵִ׷·𽭺һ㣬ųҵĹâӸ£ͬһŵϵ̫ݺ䡣
û˿һ
䣬ʱ䶼·ֹ֮Ť
ǿֲκСη
ǧɵĿռһӶɣʮɣʮɣԽԽۿ̫ҪǵУ׵Ϊƽأһ̣벻鷢ˡ
¡
һģ˿ѷɫٵĿֲʯ䶸Ȼӵص緢
ǹɲǣʱ䶼·ֹôһɲǣƬһƬš
Ȼһ̣䣬ͺһεһ㣬еȫֵǵˣһɻԵ¶ϣƲȥ
꣡
·һεľ޸ʿգɿֲĶײ֮УҵҲȻ֮䰵࣬ԭľʦأҲȻ
Ƶᣬһ糣
˵ĿУ̫ϿգһӰԣͦǹȻڰ֮С
ʲôûֻĴȴһޱ޼ʵǿϢһ㣬ɢÿһָɽֹŴ˵еԶɽͺǿյĸо
˴ĵطնΪ֮ᣬƺǧûκ˿Ժ


ڶǧٰʮ ս
̫
ʯ䣬˳Ǵ̫аεضӰ壬Ǻˣ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ʦһ춯صĻ˲仯ΪһƬڵĺ
ˣ
ʱȥƹضڹؼʱ̣չ¶һǿޱȵΪĿֲ
Ⱥ˻ߵ˻ţڴƣʹһһֻҪڣֻҪ̫ڣʲôѣ˶ţһͦ
̫ˣ
಻Զĵط³ĿѩԶǵϤӰмѡ
ԶͼԭȫͬһĴ󹭣ǵֵһ̣ȫɳڷɣҲ¶һ˿ĵЦݡ
ˡ
ͼа
Ȼ֪ϵľ仯ԸоĳǰȣϵϢǿֹֻˣոֵһɲǣϸܵһģԲڶ쾳
ڵ嵽жǿ֪ԿԳƵɲĸ֡
̫УСգҲ󶨡
ʱ˿̣ȴûκǰ壬˶֪ʱ̣

ӿɫ򶨣ĿǳеעȫϿǹӴʶϡ
Ļˣ
ڵĸӦУǴδйǿ
죬ڳˣ
嶢Ϸɫȴû˿
һʱһʱΪһ죬Ѿ׼֮õʱ䡣
ΪԼΪ磬Ҳν

ĴЦϴֻգۼ䣬ԭ׵ޱȣʦ
΢࣬С壬Ϊȵ޸ʱ䣬յѾ٣ӭջ׼𣿡
Ļ˾ɫ䣬ǳвҲ֮սĺŽǣȻѾ׼˷ǳ֮ս
֮ǰһҪٴλ磬ؽһµ˵Ŀ
㲻ɹģֻҪڣʲôҲʵֲˣһжֻĿѡ
ؼ죬Ĵʦÿ˶Уƽȴ쳣ļ㣺
죬׼ӭյ㲻лȥһеһжһսᣬֻһΣκεķӡȴĽյĻ𣡡
һ䣬¡¡ףһ·ֱ͸һֱ͸޾
ĻҲȻһ¶һɷŭϢȻֻһ˲һбָ糣
޴ΪԼνԤ֮ɣһºͻʴԭ޵㣬ǿսηɣ
Цδ䣬ƺ˳һ㣬űȥһǿģԽʶҲȥʧʱ
䣡
ֻƬ̣ӡ֮أǻֺĽɫȥٴδ¡һײڴϡ
ɲǼ䣬ӡ֮һֳҵ̫ҫ۵̫룬һӰĿ磬·ˣǿϢɽ纣κη
Ȼֻһ˲Ⱥ˲
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ⱥ˷ܶ˻쳹ء
ӭۣ
Ⱥǰˣ̫عȹȥ˶泯죬׷׳ʥһ㣬˵ϡ
ǵȴһ̣ˣ
Ȼӡ֮ص룬ȴƽޱȡ
ȫ׼֮ս
䣡
δ䣬̰εضʧ٣뿪˴˵ء
䣡
һ̣Ⱥţͬףĳشһ㣬Ҳ׷뿪˷ӡ֮ء
һ·ؿռ䣬ھӡ֮һУȥƺƵĽޱ޼ʣ·һ㣬鲼ռ䣬ϸȥǽ֮УӰ´£οգȻһףǿޱȵ

һ£ޱȵĽɫŽУ糱ˮڿն𣬳յսȥ

ңԶıͻʴԭڵĵش
䣡
ʯ䣬һ嫵ĽЮӴصͻʴԭϣһɲǵضҡͻʴԭɸһ㣬ҵĶ
ǧͻȻεضУ¡¡󣬴Ӷĸ߾뵺ﺣH۹һһɫľ޴綸Ȼ֮εض𣬽½һΪ
Ϊһսѡս

ͬʱһˣټľʦ֮У뿪ԭ谵ٴη硣

âһһ°ɫۣԣѸٴµ
һվˣ
һٶˣ̫ڻʵ˵Ӧˣ
Բ䣬Ҳ䣬ΣһҪս
صͬʱһۺͻȻھĵطϵӰͷ߰ף֪ʱ
⼸ȻȻüĿϣǾͶ֮䣬ȴȻȻ¶һۻԵޱȵϢȻ⼸ʱÿ˶߳ƣһľۡ
̫ٱõˣ⼸ӰȻ𶯲ѡ
ҧ
⼸˺Ȼ̫ڻʵʱ˷ĵ۹󽫣ͬҲͳıԪ˧˵УǶʮĴڡ
Ȼ⼸˲ֹţҴǵľԻһ۷״ֻ̬ǣ֮еĺҲǵĺ󷽡
̫ڼݱЩ˾ʧ٣һֱ͵͵ڰУû֪ڳﻮʲôһ̣ʱ򣬲ǳҧ˶ƺѾء
ǰ峤ڼ˵ĳȴû˿⡣
ĴȻǸܣȴûκ֪û뵽ǣǰ̫ڻʵ۾ȻѾĴѾӴ
岻֪֪ôģǴǰµĹżǸʱµ֮λ۲ŴԵ̫ڻʵۣڼݱ֮ǰһЩ֣ǳҧЩϳ
ǴڵĿֻһǶԸԼ̫֯ڻʵڰǰѾԤ֪ⳡѡ
ĳ̶ֳϣǾǴƵĳֽˣǱкصϢʥĳ̶ֳҲǴõϢ
õ֪Ϣ弫Ϊ𶯡
ˣ⼸ˣȴȻ׽УΪ⼸ǡǡϱĩ֮ʱиԼļλǰ
ӵһμǵʱѾϳǡ
λǰսܿ쿪ʼͷˡ
תˣ
ֻҪ̫ƵǼϹͷʲôƴǵģ˥ݣ
˳
̫ýһˡ
˵ͷû˵ͽϵժ£ż˹ȥ
СԳ߰ɡ
кһĺû븮⣬ʧ̫Уܿʧ˵¡

ڼʧ֮󲻾ãһƿ˷³ͼ£׺ޡʦмжڶ

Ϣ֮âһаˣ˴峤գͬǰ


ڶǧٰʮ ġսǰ顯
ǰ壬˶ɫޱȡ
˶ǱǾҵʱղ֮ʱղ磬ҲֻܹˣԴһ𣬼˾ȫ˹
ʦǰ峤ˣ
Ⱥʦа˴˸кܿתͷ³ˣ
³ˣټˣ׼Ĵս

ս¡¡ĳ̶ʱ䣬ͽ뵽˽ŵĴս֮С
׼ȫϵһս

ӿϵ۱ߣȺ飬ҹԼգϵĵ¥ʮ¥һϵĽӦ֮ء
սУЩ׸ģͬʱҲϣ
ףҪҵ
ӵ¥ϣһСڴϱ߲ͣŰһ׵Ӻޣȴĸס
޶ԼʹЩȥ
ںȰοţһ˵ţһ涣ĿȫǰߵǵӰ
ߣ¥˷
׸ȫӦ֮أȴ¡
ս䣬ܶطõӣ֮һսϵֻƴȫȫԸпܻһ
߰ɡ
ϿһĻǺ޵̾һ´˺еɲǼĴ𣬽ź磬һ棬һ·Ӧ֮ضȥ

ˣ
ս춯أҹͣ޾ĸߴȥ˷޾ĲȫڳƵĸؾۼ
˹ˣگˣ߾ˣͻˡ֮ǰ޵ȫŽһһսУ壬۹Ѿأ˶Ϊ˶ս
һʷǰıۼңԶĴʳˣɺˣҲڸ֥˼˳ͺķĴ£ͬԭפڰ͸Ĵƾȫ½ľһϡ
¡¡оҹΪ½ϵɡ
ণĸģ鲻ϵǰߣһߣߣߡҹͣھ򺾹ߣڸ󷽵ĵطһְεضͬʱһһ󷨲ϵĽ죬Ծ˵ٶȲϱ鲼
ʳûȫ˵ǰߣеķʩѾ
ʱĴƾʦɪɪ
ƻʹ̫͵У»ڣһͳƵ۹ж߲ȫۼһã壬ͺķʩɺԨġΧһȦ
ĳɢܶѾǰǰӦ֮أȥִ֡
еĲһᣬһ׼ľս顣
еľ׼Σ
Уλ̫ٱúǰ˹ص꣬żɽ
ųɴϣʣµľ֮Ҳȫִ
̫ٱһ˿
е๤Ѿɣ˹ˣˣͻˡսнֱֹ˴ˣʷǿĴ
ĬƬ̣Ҳһ
һĴϾͬľֺȺܴ󣬵սΪսһѣӵ๤ֱָ˴긺𣬶ҲȻɹ
棬ͨյĳΣ
ͷҲû̧ŵ
ѾɣսʱǵľӺ콻սӦûΪȡһʱ䣬ʱѾ㹻ˣ
ڵ
һʷǰжУͬҲе˼ҪΡ
ͺ;Ŷأ
ѾȫɣŶѾѵϣǰƶĿɣ
³һġ
ܺã
˵ͷ
ʰߣڵĽչҪõöࡣ
ҪԸ죬ƾһ˵ģҪ˵Уһں֮ǰѾס
֮սƶҲΧһġ
޲׼ˣ
˶٣һ仰ȴǿھԼԶӡ
һ䣬ȻһˣϷе࣬ӡ
˶֪ǰ̫ؾڴΧռֶ̥׼޾š
ں֯Уһ㣬֯ľֻ±ȵʳľ޾ŸǿҲӵĿ¡
ֻо޲ܹԿޣ
ƴʳ۹ںȻΪһֲӦóֵĽɣȴû٣ȫ塣
˺֧;ںصĶʧɽУҲûټ
ˣ˶֪Ǳһֱڽоں顣
Ȼ׼ȷǣ֧Ӧڸ
ү˵ģеѾȫɣȫﵽƶĿ꣬һսǵľ޾ʱܹս
ӹ
޲Ȼڸ𣬵ִֻ߰ˣЩ޵ķǰͰ׵
Խ˽⣬жԽޱȵľη
У½磬û˱뷨ˡ
Щ˵Ĵ췽
ֻܶԸˡ
ܺã
΢΢ףĵȺ¾㱸ʱڳ죬ڲϱ¾ս
ҲԲ뵽ȴʲôĶ֣
һ飬ΪʲôҪѾսʱ䶨һ֮󣿡
߸ߵϣͻȻڵ
һ䣬Ҳ˲¶˳˼ɫ
ʵҲʣʷǿĴڣԸ񣬾Ե޹ʵİʱ䶨һܹ֮Ѹٸ˻ԵĴᡣ
£ǵڱϺһڽеӴ̳û⣬Ѿ׼ĳ󷨣׼½籾Դˣ
ʱӥͻȻڵ
һ䣬ҽԾ϶¶һ˿ɫ
ӥʶһۣϢѯʹ֪ģǲκ˵ģɿֻţڡѾûбҪˡ
ʲô
ʱ˿̣𾪵Īڱϵˡ
һһ⣬ֺԻһ˵ʴֶڡͺʱ䣬û˿ȫΪڱӡ֮УҪƷ
ڣһޣҲֻΪ˽͵ļ̳ԸʵʩݻԼļƻ
ѾǰһӴƣҪǿдݻ̳¡
оĵģһƬأܿ죬վƽ
λĴڸλˣһоͿλˡ
֣ص
·ģȱؽȫԸ
һ˲䣬˷׷
Ƭ̺һ׵˴Ӵ
壬Σһսʤ
ֻʣˣ̺޾ļУǰ֣ص
û˵ֻص˵ͷ
˾֪ܶѾ˵ˡ
󡪡
һս½ľΪףһӴսڿͻʴԭ
һľսûκ·ԡ



ڶǧپʮ ս
һһ⣬ֺԻһ˵ʴֶڡͺʱ䣬û˿ȫΪڱӡ֮УҪƷ
ڣһޣҲֻΪ˽͵ļ̳ԸʵʩݻԼļƻ
ѾǰһӴƣҪǿдݻ̳¡
оĵģһƬأܿ죬վƽ
λĴڸλˣһоͿλˡ
֣ص
·ģȱؽȫԸ
һ˲䣬˷׷
Ƭ̺һ׵˴Ӵ
壬Σһսʤ
ֻʣˣ̺޾ļУǰ֣ص
û˵ֻص˵ͷ
˾֪ܶѾ˵ˡ
󡪡
һս½ľΪףһӴսڿͻʴԭ
һľսûκ·ԡ

ʱһ֮ڱûҪ죬ݴأսܲһƬɱ
ʱ˿̣ͻʴԭϣ죬ɳǧ
͵Ĳԭֲƺļ̳Ӱ죬ݽݻƣããɳ·ɫιһ㣬Ͽչ磬һƬ
ڱͻʴԭϵвһĽգһطΪ롣
ӳͻʴԭʱͻʴԭĺ󷽣ͬɫ׵Ӱææµµ
Ŀ䣬Ϣǿ󣬶ȻȻ¶һּȹϵϢȻ֯
˿̣һָ£ȻĽһ޴ļ̳
̳ϣضŹֵͼѻڴˣȻһ۾ϳеͼĩӡǵ״
˼ɵѵĩռ̳
ĩռ̳Ľչˣ
ڼ̳Եһ̨֮ϣ̫ԣ·æµӰڵ
ս컹ûг֣Ŀǰʱ̫ش
شˣգɽɣ
̫غ󷽣һĸߴԱ߳һͷӰͷ
š
̫ص˵ͷĿһ˿ɫ漴Ϸٶȿڵ
֮Ǳߵ𣿡
֮ս֯㳲Ҳȫ֯ʷжûжٴΡ
ݹԪǰκζǵĳ֮£ǻҷɾ
Ԫǧʱ䣬δһܡ
˵һλ٣
̫֪һǵĶǴ˵еԤ֮ӣҲԤУݻ֯ˣֻ֮һĿܣҲҪԴ
شˣЩվѾϣԼ߰ҡ
ٶȿڵ֪Ϣһһ֪̫أ
ǵõϢ绹һ֧·ϡ
ʵǿ󣬵ζֻ֪սͬģϢռ鱨飬ҲͬǱյļܡ
ߣ߰ٶҲֻˡ
̫Цһ˿Ϊ⡣
ûκ壬ǰ˵߰򣬾ǧҲڻҰˣһ㣬Ѿε֤ˡ
ˣ
ͻȻ䣬һ̫Ժ֮С
̫һ㶣漴Ц
ڿԿʼ׼ս

¡¡
ֻƬ̣һͻȻͻʴԭϲս˻̫صڵķλȥֻƺƿУһźɫޱ޼ʣԾ˵Ƴ
ԶԶģֻοգһ˸˱ĵŵ⣬Ծ˵ٶȲϽӽ𶯣ͻʴԭɸҲ
һƬɱ
ƣ
飬޾ĴУһ˸˽ɫľ޴ӭƮչĿޱȡ
ս棬̫ء̫ϡ̫ڶ߶ңңǺ˵ƣ̫߰ҲƤ
Ⲣ˵һһܿǰŽᡣ
Ȼʶôǰ֧½ĴԪ˼ʶǿӣΪΪ־һȻһĺơ
֧ʵԶеĻҪǿ
һɲ˵ɫࡣ

Х޾Ĵͬӿĺˮƽ塢аˡ˴峤ͺķ³̫ٱáǰ˹صꡢ󽫾Ϥŵ߹»ʩɺԨġࡢǿ߼ڴˣ˳ų졢սڴһſű治ƽ
󷽣һž죬µͭĿޱȡڣһӰɫأĿȴᶨޱȣǴࡣ
عţ𢣬Թãغ󷽣Ѿûк󷽿ԣһսܣҲҲûκ塣
ɽ
˵Ľʡ
֮°ѣ
һսֹͬ࣬ȥ֮ͷܶһ֧Ĳһƽ
Ԫһͼˡ桢桢桢ħ桭ǿ߼ȫС
Թų͢μɴӲ볯͢񣬵һս׳͢ô򵥡
죬罫׻ȻҲκɣ֮ս
ڴ룬һӰϣɫݣĿ侲Ͷ䣬ѣգͬصİ㣬Ϊսе֮ҫ۵Ĵڡ
ڵȵһˣ
ǰǺبؼľ޴磬Լ¶һǵľ޴̳ڤڤУԺһͷ
Ϊˣ޵УΪӪڸŬӭһ졣
û˥䣬Ҳǽ貣ࡢ󽫾󽫣ǣȫۼԼң֧ʷǿľӡ
ҪǣһͳںΪһûںģͻˡˡگˡʳˡȫŽһȻֻأ޷ıһעᵽѣѡһ֧ǰδеǿʢӣȥԿжֺѡ
һ̣ǰδеļᶨ
ЩͷԺзӶֻһ˲ع
ӥȸ׼Σ
ͻȻڵ
شˣдѾλҲȫ׼ϡ
ͬ
¾㱸ֻǷ磬ڴǶʢ֮ʱԺκζһս
󣡡
ھǵ޴һǧɿĵطֱһӣͻȻ
䣡
һ£ԭƺƵͬ㳯űƽнֹȻ֮ȫͣ
ֹĹһСѻһĸģ飬ѸٴӺǰ
䣬Сһƣĸģж£󣬰һײйææµµԾ˵ٶǰ߽һߡ
ǰͬЩЧǰ¶ףšñӲװ䡭жûһ˿һĶ̶ʱ䣬ⷺһ߰׸ߵķ߳Ƭսǵڶ


ڶǧپʮһ 
ʱ䣬½ҹԼգͨģ飬˽յĹģ
޴ΪʲôֶַܶԸ˵𣿡
Զ̫ϿһĻֻɫ
Щֶսм̫Ҳţ̫ϵУֵһᡣ
һĵص㣬ڶææµµڲţٳΡ
ֹˣڴУ廹һصԲθ̨
һн춼ɵĽУ̫صƾŽ赲ں󷽹ʱãã޼ʵĴƾӾڲŲæĽһһطߡ
ʱ仺ȥ˭Ҳûж
ֻһǧɣ˫ꡣ
巽棬Ҳֵʱ䲻ϼӹ̷ʱ˫һƬƽͣƽͼսҲټ
ȵһֹͣսǰߣѾһƬ飬ãã纣ķߣļʸ׼պ̫ص˵ķκ˸еļ¡
ֹˣĸģ鲻ж£ַʩֹǰߣǱ鲼λá
үһѾ׵
һа׵һ̳ķٽӽܿ죬Ƿ
ţȥɣ
˵ͷ
һ̣ã꣬ͺķʩɺԼ˵עУһڲǰȥ

ХӿͻȻľٶ˵ע⡣
̫ء̫ϡ̫Լڶɫһ׷˹
֮ӣ
Ԥ֮ӣ
ǰ칬¼ĻԪ֮ǰǸԤЩȱҲ֪ǸŰӰǴ˵нĴڡ
նʱý
̫ҲԾĻоһѹ
ڵѲ佫ܹٵ칬ķʵ֮ǿ񣬸˵֮ǰȻıһ̫ضûĶ֡
һɲǣмɵء
ȻԤϣĿֻһƳһЦ漴Ťͷա
죡𣿡
Ǻ¡¡ףػ졣
ž
ޱȵļž
ߺһ̶ֻӴдԽ
֮侲ģΪԪǿĴڣҲħͷ족ʼղӰ
ߣ㲻ΪƾֵܵҰɣ
ԣЦһͬʱһ
ǣԻٵ磬
䣬ֻ¡¡ɲǼ䣬ضҡͻʴԭвǺ綫ޱ޼ʣɸߣǽһĽҲڲһϢҲ粨·ʱһ
ôܣ
һĻ֯ˣ̫ڣɫ䡣
֪ʵǿʱضȣ˭Ҳû뵽ʵȻǿֵز
족ͻʴԭ벼µ磬Ӵ֮ңѾ漰򣬾൱һ޴ıϣ޷ơ
Ҳ֯ˣ㳯½޶Եԭ
˭Ҳû뵽廹ûжȫֻ΢ȻѾһĽ磬ʣ;ԣԤ֮ӿѾһﵽĵز
ѾǶ쾳ǿ߿ԶԿˣ
䣡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ֺɲǣͻûκεףضҡսϿգͻȻըִĽɫ󣬾𺳵ĿУһֱɵľ޴ɫĿޱȣȻ֮ƣݺݵǽ󷽡
ƺƣضҡĸߵȼͬһˢķһգۣ˵ĸ֪УһϢͬոɢһɹɳɽѹȻ֮䡣
ϣս˻ս·ܵĳ־һ㣬ͬڶսʿ׷վȣȥ
սҲ·һɷ籩㣬նȻޱȡ
䣡
ֵͬʱһ࣬ߴɵĽʱһ춯صĻ̫ҲĿѩ󶨡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ

һ˫˫ĿȵĽɫ׹еǵӰɫޱȡ
һ࣬ѹࡣ
죡
ĴУڽˣ
һ̣ҲףΪʲôѡһǧͣ½Ųʼߡ
ʵ̫ǿˣֻϢѾʵʣɽ纣ǸǷԳܵġ
Сģ
󷨣
һãã纣Уһһ󷨹âһεִڽǹεѹ˿Գܵĵز
ʧ壬˷ʱ伯𣿡
Ӵбò˷͸һ˿ͼ
ֻ½սļԪ壬׼𣿡
Хضڲ
һ࣬ĿһֱŶĽϷġ족
ĵȴڵȵһ̣
ǰһеףҲһѵĸԴֻҪɱһݣѡ
죬ˣ
ĻֻһЦĿıһǿҵս⣺
಻Ҳսᣬǡǡ෴սֻЩʷԳơ񡯵С֮죬㲻ɹģԪ֮粻νġ񡯣ûκ˿Կˣ
˵ⷬʱĿ絶һӹգԶ̫صˣҲΪ֮ʧɫ
𣿾ƾǼ⼸ӣ
족գȻЦδ䣬޾Ľ֮У˫ſ
¡
ȻһƹĹӰٱ仯ڡ족࣬ޱߵͻʴԭϿգһִһ̣ҫͷ·ҿһڵĻһ߿֮У֮ϣȻֳĽɫӰ
ЩףִꪣһϢʥǿ󣬾ͷ·սʿһǵĿһӸ£·սͷ·ʣʱᷢ𹥻һǿѹ

һɲǣ족ڷųš
ڹȥ£һһļԪ족ӴġӣһΣͬ족ֻٻһֲӣǽеȫٻ˳
˵ĽǶȥ֮ϣţգޱ޼ʣͬһ㣬һֱӵߡ
žڴˣ
ǹӴѹɽϢ
սȻûпʼǹƣȴκ˶ݡ
֮еáͺķԨġϤŵ߹»˶Ϊ֮ݡ

ʹе֪Ĵڣǿ֮ϣãã޼ʵĽ״𶯲ѡ
ʣʷƬ½ֹǿӣЩǳ֣Ѿ˴˼Ӵѹ
֮е¶صɫ
һ֧սʤĶ֡
ɲǼ䣬жġ


ڶǧپʮ սʼ
ϣ
Хս˻ܸܵմǹɿֲѹ߰ȴפԼλãһĿᶨû˿ҡֻһսе
˵ĿʱǰЩ佫ΰɽ͵ӰԼǰ͡족ңţϵǵ°۵Ӱ
ǰ·ǺδҲܶʲôĵˣǵɽ𺣣ԨֻҪڣ˱η壬ˡ
һĻ̳̫صҲ΢΢ɫ䡣
ǿսʿҲ֯оƻҪƣܶôǿǰ΢
ÿһ֣ĪǸ˶ּѹǰֱӾͻұˡ
⻹̫ص˵һȻ˿Ϊ
ɭݵζ˵ĸоܲһ
УһĻҲ΢΢һ£Ȼֻһ˲һЦܿͻָ
б
ĩʱѵһ֧ӣȷʵ˾أ˶ѣʲôı䲻սˡ
壬֪Ϊʲôһµʱ𣿲Ǹʱ׼ֻ޲һݣе½ӣ׻𡣡
½һ˵İաҲһ٣
Хɱ족¡¡ףޱȣؼ졣
Ҳ˵ģ
ЦһܿؼĿ磬ãã纣Ѹһɨܿ䵽죬Լߴ̳̫ء̫ϣԼڶϡ
һսˡɢڣ
һ䣬ǧ̫ء̫ϣڶߣ֯ǿߣеһȫϵ壬ɱ㡣
Ϊ֯ĵ˺Ͷ֣Σ嶼Ҫ
Ȼˣޣһɣ
족ٰգĿĴһ裬¡ǵߴɣͬ޴ǽһĽȻ飬һΣ֯Լ½֮䣬ûκ谭
ֹˡ
أ
ͬһʱ䣬֮Уһɫ˸޾󷽣һ֧֧ģƵĽɫŽȻ죬һϵģɱϢĺŽգ쳹ء
ֻգ֮䣬սϵնʱʮֹ˼
֮УƵʹãã޼ʣһǰӿɽѹһ޼ʣŶϯȥ
սڿʼˣ
ߴļ̳ϣ̫ء̫ϡ̫ԣ¶һ˿Цݡ
һԪҪսˣ
ع鵽Ӧеĸ߶ȣЩΥˣȥԪһΪʧʷ֮С
ԹԼ֯ĸ֣崣ϣһֻһֻơ
أ
Ž𣬾һǧ⣬ãã纣ͻȻɾǰͬһʱ䣬ˣһս춯ء
սڿʼˣ
̫ٱáǰ˹ص꣬ͺķʩɺϤŵ»е۹ȫλɫء
ϣͬʱХһһս֮ɫ죬ޱȣѸٴǽ¸֣ɢС
Ԥ
͸λȫ׼
һһ쳹漴һ֧֧ղһܼĻڶװеһƬ
־ɳǣ
ս´Ӵģ鲼صʱΪһͭǽڣɭϱݵս
ӽ߰б֣κһ۹ֹģ֯ңһ޵Ȼдμнֹʾǰδеľ͸߳ʡ
ֻɽʹָ
ʷϣǿһ֧ӡ
׼
Զ̫߿գĿңԥ
𣡡
Ӳӵ˻ţκˣȳŵ
䣡
˫ûнӴһ̶ХУ뻮һ׷ͶеĻƽꪣΪɫı꣬Хţǵأŵϵûȥ
ꪴ
Źֵĵһƾ߸ϵĵƣԼǿʵһܸԵĴشԷʿ
ݣ
ǧɵľһζŵĳ֣նȻǧٱֹ
ۿǰಿӶܵԴʱ򡪡
׼
һʯ䣬һĺâһͿһ޴İɫ⻷ͻȻǰɢǰɫĹ⻷Ѹٱ仯գۼͻΪһݰļϣڴϷ
ݹ⻷
ǿķ⻷ڶսʿľڶΪһγɵӴ
ˣ
ڵһݹ⻷ͬʱһգۼ䣬ڶݹ⻷ŰεضȻǵĵ̶ʱڣٳߵļӲϡ
еġ족һĻҲ΢΢ü
ǿһ̶ȵĲӣӵּޱȣ籤ݰķϣľ˹һﵽǧγɳ׵ıݹ⻷ҲŰ¤ԭ
һֻ֧ӵһϣǰĴһͬʱ߱߰˵ݹ⻷
ֻһ˲üչܿͻָ
ǿϧɲĶ֣
֮ÿΪǿоƻϴ½磬ûԭġ
䣡
ʯ䣬Ļƽꪺ꣬׷ײһɫıݹ⻷ϣһ춯صıըضҡЩ̺ͷųܼıըУһһݹ⻷ֱӱһĹ˺ɷ飬ڶĻƽֱꪸЩݹ⻷ըһССܼĿ

ֻһҽУıըУ߰ȫװʿֽƬ㱻ըϰգǰĸҲըķмըʮ֮ߡ
ǿֲĻƽܼ꣬Ǹǰߣ̶ֻʱ䣬ǰ߾⵽һȻˣ߰˵̵ıݹ⻷Ƿױȵľ޴á
ʮⲨɥǸľȴҴ
ס
սޱȣæ䣬һ쳹ǰߡ
ʵӹɣоɱμû˿ңнֹ
һϵĴսսǰÿ˶ľ
ⳡսаϵ˲ܻŻȥÿ˶սĽԼ塣
ҵҪֶܼã
ԶһĻֻ̫¶һ˿Цݡ
ȫ
𣡡
ɱ
̫صһǧĵϣԼ֯Ķǿߣ׷׳ǰûȳЩ˻ȼܵ½֮𡢾ݱ֮Ħ֮ҲѸپ޴󻯣ħ㣬۵糸ȥ
ڹȥ꣬׼ⳡսԶֹ壬̫ͬصˡ
ڸలµǶʱ̫ͬȫļ˴ˣҽǷŵһϣҹԼյѵ


ڶǧپʮ սһ
ûжٹ˼ɣ֯ٶԶԶκʱ
ڴﵽʮ֮ڣǱǿʵǷӳ
˰ɣ
ɣ
İɣ

˻У˫ľԽԽãã纣ȴʼһȫ޶һˣڲȴԽԽš
ǰͺķãϤŵ߹»ˣȫһǰ۾գûգһ¡
߿Уͬ糱ˮ㳯Ͽϯ
ڳͬʱһ߸߾еĻƽꪣѾõڶ׼
ԽԽɣһɣ
˵עǰߵʱûжע⵽ڴвһ߸ߵĸ̨ϣͼˡӡҵȫһ
ǰͿˡ
޷˿趯ͻȻתԵͼ˵
ûκ˽Ӵţڴ֮ǰȴйӦƲ⣬Ȼ֪ģǰǰƣŸϿգʲôֻҪ֮ǰƽꪣжӣֻ·һ
һһڵأ๥˲ţֱľ棬һʼ˵ĿС
ʮɣ
ʮɣ
¡һҵ׵ӹϿգУţͶµӰѾסǰȷ沿ӡ
ˣʼɣ
ͼĿһֱǰ˫뻹ʮɵɲǣһĳ£һһ̣һγɵԲ򣬳ɫΧаԣͼ˵һѸû£·һС
¡
˵ʱʱ죬˫ֻ߰ɵʱһεͻȻӺ󷽵ɢԾ˵ٶչǰ
ڤڤУֻһɫĸ֣û˷ӦУ飬ãã纣ͻȻһͣһ̣ռŤһӴͻȻӴŷû˷Ӧ飬ʯ׹
ǹɳأ߿յһͻȻʧˡ
ռôܣ
󷽣̫Ϻ̫˲ɻȻɫ䡣
ռʲô̫ڶ쾳ǿУַȽϳ˭Ҳû뵽ڴģսУ徹ȻҲʹͬʱס߰ռѾӴóԽ
ȻΪһս׼ѾԶԶԽ
飬̶ֻʱ䣬⧲֮£ݺڵأ߶ûһҵĽ׷飬Ѫģֱһغ
һɲǣڵأɡ
ԭϿճҲɲǻҡ
ȤǹӸ𣿡
ͬʱȻ
ңͬհ㣬ͻȻ֮߰쿴ȴ⡣
˵ʧ߰㲻ʲôȵԪдʱ䴴µţսֱӴĲѡдʿתΪ
Ȥռ̺İ
ռȻϡ첢ʲôܣѵҪ֧ӴĿռ󣬲Һ߰Ӵóʵ֡
ΪռҪͬսʮϡ
ǧǰ޼ǵһӡӵӡݣ㽫ƻˣ𣿡
֮Ī֮ĪѾûʲôݣûʲôͻʣûʲôʳ½ֻһƣȻˣЩӡȻҲûдڵıҪҲ⣬½ݡ
嵭ı󶯣ǰӽһб˯Ȼ֪ƣ岻ʲô꣬ڸ߽ص㲻ͣ֯ˣʵһֱѰҷ
Ȼʱ䣬Ȼм˺ܴĹ򣬲廹ǳɹٵڵص׵ķӡ
ӿƵĵһ߽磬ɢͻʴԭ磬ӡѾˡ
벻һʱĴȻĻˣ֪ˣ͸һɱ
΢΢ͷⷬ˵ģ˵Լģֻһ˲ͻعŶ壬¶һ˿Цݣ
壬ŮǾ͸ɣ
δ䣬¡𶯣̳𣬶̳УѸٵƿգΪһҫ۵գھķУû뵽޾ʱ
ߣ
ֻһ˵һ̤Ѹʧ֮С
뿪սղû滺֮ǰӼҡ
ɱǣ
һ쳹ء
˵ʱĺѾƻ嵽ǰĸߡ
岼µĿռ󣬶յŻгãǶڵĶʮ˲˵û˿Ӱ졣
˲ÿһ˶Ǽǿ֣ʵʿһӵϣҲǵĶ֡
ʮɵľһζĺ˴ƻһڿն˲ͷ˹ȥ
ĸ߶Щޱȵĺ˸˵񲻴һ
䣡
Ȼ˵ʱʱ죬ۿЩ˴ҪͻƵһߣʱ򣬰һһ޴ĺںɫս⻷Ѹϯս
ڵһŸߺһᣬĸߴ˶ĲսʿȻв󲽶
ǳֵͬʱһһ˶ߵľ޴ضܺ¡¡ӶصڵϣѸٵ赲Щ˴ǰ
ڵϢתһɹɻѸע뵽еض֮С
Щضһⷨ£Ѹٱ仯ȻֱӻΪһ֣ЩսʿС
ϣ
ɱǣ
һŭУһֳضܵĲսʿֱڿն𣬻ײЩ˸ֱ֣赲ǰ
ţ
ǰЩսʿ֧µĶš
ȥѽ˼ĸı䣬ϵ׺еضܶĺ󷨣ķӳǱγһȫʹǵķ֮ǰԽǿ
սʽѸı䣬ͨĸǲֵܵסµĴģʮŵһߣΪӦ״
䣡
Ȼĳһ˸ֱӱĺ˸תĽЩսʿȻĵϻԵܻ棬ȫһضֵܵ
Ħ֮𣬾ݱ֮½֮𡭡ЩԵĻ棬ֿȭֵסһ޶ȴṩ˺ܺõĻ塣
ţ
ǰսңס˲ӵͬʱ󷽣պɽһֱǰĿ֮Ҫ
ֱۻ£һʯƿնɽǰȥ


ڶǧپʮ ս

ֻһĲҽУ⧲֮£һֱӱ壬ɳȥ
̶ʱڣǧ˱ɳȥ
Ȼˣ˲ӵʧԶûô
Сģ
С
һУЩ˴Ѹܡ
ʱ˿̣ʾЩ˸ֺͨʿĲ֮ͬ
һûЩ˾ѾǰоһһڿŤѸܣʮ֧д붼ˡ
󳵲ӽǵһγ֡
Ȼ󷽣պɽӻǰͺķˣû˿⣬Щ˲ӱϾͲǾӣս϶ԸӵķԸǣȻЧޡ
ʶģ˶ͬʱһһ֧Ϣް·һֱӰеľڳսǰ߼ٽӽ
ӣ
ӽһ֧ӴڵĿľΪ˶ԸЩ˸֡
Щ˵ֻ࣬ҪǴڣսκһ򶼿ܱʱͻơ
֣Ҳְɣ
ʱԪһ΢ڵ
š
һԵ˵ͷһ̣֮УеǿѸ뿪أһݶǰȥ
ⳡսŸտʼȻѾҪǳ֣֮ǰû뵽ģˣ˶Թԡ
ɹʣһս֯˶ֻ·һ
Զ̫غ̫ϵĿɨսǿĳҲ󳵲ӵܼ˰ӺʹɸѸٳڳǰսȥ̫أ̫ϣ̫϶һƬƽûа˿
ȫû֮Ӳڣе
̫һֱۻ£ԥ
ԱԽս͹˼ɵģֻԤ֮ӣ岻ڣ˵õʱ
սΣô˻ᣬоȫսᣬɾƻʱѶʲô޷ıˡ
ֹˣܹǰߵսܷԸǸԤ֮ӣ
䣡
̫һһ̣һɰľʵʣ·ܵһ㣬ȻϱѸӵš
̫صü֮УҲȻһöɫһġ
Ŀŵӡ
ڹȥʱ䣬̫ѾԼķʽΣ˺֮ս켸һж̫ء
䣡
̫ص⣬оͷ·һݣ飬纣ѸǡεĽݡй£䵽ϣǰɱȥ
֯ԶֻǶʮ˸֣֧ãã纣Ӵţ֯ϴ½̡
ΪڴΧӴĿռ󣬾ͿԶԸţǿδˣϻǵ£Ŷӵмǿսһ㲢Ϊλõı仯ı䡣
𣡣

ӶǧķΧڣãã纣԰Ƶ䵽ϣһɲǣغ·ܲסʱҪһ㣬׷˻ţŶɱȥ
ЩŻӿٶȣݣϵȫĴڣԶԶ˶
ǵߣԶڶʿϡ
ÿһ׳˶֮սʿ߳һͷ
޾սʿ˻ţǰɱȥö䲻նʱޱȡ
׼
һ쳹սնʱޱȣʿսеıĶŶ棬˼㡣
䣡
̶ֻʱ䣬˴Ƶķ֮Уͬʱһսǰߣһ֮Уķţ³ģļꡣ

ͬʱһƬʱ֮УϢʱϵԾͻʴԭҲԽԽԶ޾ʱ֮УֻҪʧ׵ʱմԪλ֮С
ֻҪʱչһĲأͺʧȥӰ
ֻ£ǺȻս͵Ϯ弫Ϊ
ʼգٶȶޱȣԾ˶ʱգҲʹ˶εַ˶ٸӵʱչʼֺܷĸ棬ʼûжʧĿꡣ
ʱеⷬ׷𡱱仯Ī⣬ȥκζ쾳ǿΪ֮Ŀࡣ
̶ʱ䣬Ѿʶڵѽȣϣ˵Ĳ΢΢
벻ʱ䣬㾹ȻѾﵽֵز
֪˶ãǰͻȻͣ޾ʱعͷ׷塣
أ㲻ڼΪ벻ҲҪֱӵֶΣ
ȴδţֱӿżɽ
ҪԶ֣Լᣬô򵥵ĵ㲻᲻֪ɡɴ£ֻһŮӶѣֻҪܹʵҵĿģֺη
˿Ϊ衣
쵰
Ļӹһ˿ĺâ
䣡
һ̣û˿ԥһΣѸٱһ̣Ѹʧԭأٳֵʱ򣬺ȻѾ󣬶ֱӴһλ澧
䣡
˫û˿һɵĽݺƥѾն䵽ͷ
ȣ
ԺûвͷѾԤ֪ˣǰ֣ڵʵ
ֹˣͬǲȴ֮ǰǿʮֹһʱλֱӱɳɷ飬׷
һܹ죬ֻҲᱻѸٽʳ촷ۡ
ʽǲܻҵģ
ĴЦ˷죬ٶȸ죬ǵɵĲն䣬ӰͬӰһʧա
̫ˣеµģǵйͳͳģЩѧұǸ˽⣡
Ǽ
ЩʽԸ˻ԣǰǵС
Ÿտڣͱˡ
һΣͬ㣬˲ֵĵطָţʱſһ˵նһ
һ̣˼鷢ˣڵλΪģһεģڶ֮ϵȻڱŷա
һɲǣƬյʱ֮ͻȻһƬҡ
ɱ仯ǰԭһ˵ĵطǳּƵģģ̣ԽԽѸٱ仯һɫļӰֱʾӰ
¶һ˿㵣ƺû뵽Ȼ˳
ֹˣ֮䣬ǵɵĽ֮ƣٳն˹ȥ
Ȼ㾹Ȼʱ֮ˣ
ۿžҪĽ˺ˣԤϣɫ糣û˿ľţЦ
ƾֶⷬΣѾԺ͵̫Ტˣֻϧ벽վ䣬㻹ǲ˵㣡
쳹գΪ˵ⷬʱǿĲԽնɱʮΣǲ֪Ϊʲô˵ⷬʱƬʱ͸֪һƬң쿴ȫԼ
ֹˣ˵ʱָһţֻǶķһġ


ڶǧپʮ ս
䣡
һɱ֮ǿʱ֮ڱŷǿ˺Ƭգ͵ɳȥ
ǹڿʱҪ͸ڲ׵Ťȫ磬Ȼȴһͬʵų⿪
âһѸ֮ľ룬ͬʱס
ˣ
סεͬʱһưΪһ⻷ס
ȻĲͬһˣȴûгƽ
һֿƼң廹죬ֻǵһ̽ѡ
̽жǿҲͬ̽ļ
һ侳
һǰ벽䣡
޿ڴƿٳ߸ͷһﵽ˰벽ļվǰ֮ʱ
ʱ⣡
侳ܣ
ֵֻԶ֮ϣֻһƾƵʱ֮ɳȥ
죬˵ʲôı䲻յˣ۸ôĴۣҶ㳹׵Ļҷ粻ܻ˵ģ
嶢Ŷ죬ڵ
ܱѹƣȴ˿η塣
벽վ䣬ΪƾΪ޿⣬ǿ¹ˡɣȳǸŮӣҪ磬ʩչȫͰɣҿ㵽жǿ޵ǰʵֻȡ裬ûκε壡
ȻһЦ
ܽκĶҪĶࡣ
ܵһνȫѹס壬ȴû˿С
Ϊﵽּ𣬸ֱָ֪Զǿ
ƾ벽ΪԲԿ̫ңҲͬ޷
켸Կ϶ֶξԲֹЩ
䣬Ƥɶһ£һΣȴû˿
Ը
ֻ򵥵˵ĸ֣һ̣һ̫ĹԺ
ֻһһ̣һģһġ塱ͬһưʱ֮Ȼ
̥
벽䣡
һ̣һĻҲ¶һ˿𺳵ɫ
ܹﵽ벽һ㶼⣬ټ̫ҵĴУԼӵİȫͻƵ־磬ֻǾ춼û뵽츳Ȼ˾ˣʱ䣬ֹƿͻƵ˰벽䣬̥Ҳﵽͬľ硣
ǿĴǰһ벽ĸһоȫͬ
ȲĳʱҲһơ
һɲǣףΪʲôսԼˡ
죬
ǵл죬ڴӹٻɲǣ̥ϢΪһ壬㣬ͬʱ˶ȥ˿Ĺ


֮¾
֮ն
籩
Ϸ

ʯ䣬һ㣬ϯȥЩѧÿһĿѧʩչԾ
Ÿոճ֣ǹӴƺѾʹΧʱͬʱһЩĴԪλ׷𣬷鿪
ȻոһӰ˲ʧԭأͬʱ˺֮ľ룬һɹɸӴʱպڱ⡣
¡
ֹˣʯ䣬ָֻſ͵һɲǼ䣬ҵĽɫıŷǳĹâΧա
壬Ǹ٣͸ɣ
¡¡ףؼ𣬶׹ҫɲǣȻƾʧȡ֮һ޴ĺɫ״ʱͨ
ֹˣĸ֪УΧеĿռλһ̶췭ظı仯ڤڤУһӴʱԹȻƬʱǰ
ƬʱԹĸоǳر޷֪ıԵ
ӴԹǰκ˶΢С
ǰǸɫʱоʱԹڡ
ҪԸ޾ͽɣˣ˸㣬ټѾҪ֧ŲסˣǺܿͻᱻ޵ų𣡡
Ǻɫд͸һ˿
ȻֻһЦǰ죬ĵģͻ½ϵս
¹˭ֻ治һ
һЦסȫ漴̥ͬѸٵû뵽Ǿ޴ĺɫ֮С

ͬʱ½رͻʴԭ
ݣ
һ̶ХĶ̼Ⱥһ㣬ƿնסǰףߴ
ļ꣬󷽣̫ص˰ڶĺ˶һƬȻЦ
巢Щ䣬սϳֵƵʷǳ֮ߣЩ̫صоδЩˡ
ЩԸȫװװ޷Ʒ缦һ㣬˵ǶϷǿϺܶ౶ˡ
Ȼֻһ˲̫ص˱׷ױɫ
ۣ
һ׵һǰɸһ㣬ǷĶ̼飬ţͷ­֮С
ԶûһڳĹУͷ·ľ׮㵹˵ϣѪѸٴʶ
һ̶ʱ䣬ȥǧ׷׵˵ϡ
ȸ֣
һɲǣ̫صϳ
Щͷȫ⴦ȸֲϡ
ĲϷƥ޼᲻ݣϵĽҲһԵֵ
̫صҲû뵽һս׼Ȼֵֵز
ţ
̫ص𶯵ʱû˿ԥһһ걬
飡
գ֮䣬Ǵȥ˵Ѫ
֮ǰڣһֱûжùЩ䣬Ϊ˵ȴʱ
Ⱥִܼﵽ˸ǰʱ򣬾̣ͬʱҲǡǡǷеȸֶ̼ʱ
ȸֲϼΪ󣬶ϡ٣ΪһսΪ˶Ըţ飬еķ̼ȸֲϡ
䣬ͣĲڣɽѲɿգҹԼյĶ죬ڵƷ䡣
Ҳֻּⳡϵ˵Ĵսзá
սŸոտʼ֯˵ΪҪžȻܵ˴ˣ˭Ҳû뵽ġ
ֻһ˲ڸ߸߾޴̳ϵ̫أ¶һ˿Ц
ҵҪɱֵܵã
ЩȸַȷʵδҲ̫Сˡ
Ԫս֧սϵĽɫ׸ǼޱȣͿǵǿ๥
Щȸַ뷢̼Ƽ产ˣϸȥͻ֣ᷢʵܵĴԶûпôأЩ̼൱һڶףһξ󣬾ͱοס
ۼ̶̳ȣ˼ľҲ޷ϵȡ
𣡡
̫صЦǰս仯ڵֵסǰ漸䣬ǧŭŷ
䣡
һߴ˶͵һȭݺǰĸǽϣһɱըԵȻɲǼ䣬ֻһ޴ĸǽȻҵǽ尼ݣǽҡΣҵط


ڶǧپʮ սģ
ôܣ
һĻʿ¶𺳵ɫ
ÿһ¸ǽӹڶĺͷ󣬶ǽ屾ޱȣڹȥսУоֱӺ俪ǽǲԣȴûôףǰЩȻûһȭǽҿǴ̶ֳЩǽҪסǣԶûôס
Ȼ
䣡
ֻϢһ³صĸǽֽƬ㱻ҷɳȥ䵽󷽴Уʮʿɳȥ
һһ飬ٴγ֣ͬʱݺײһ³ǽϣ¸ǽײɡ
ͦס
䣡

һĻ˴һ󷽣պɽһ£ʮ󳵲Ѹٷһԣŭ
Щ߶ǳҪ߱ƣĻսУʧǳء
󲿶սϵ
ڹսУЩκζֵǶЩףװҪǿжôպɽ֪ǺʣĿǰԣЩΨһЩйĹ
䣡
һ˲û뵽УֻһҽУһӰ߷ݰ㱻ײɳȥ
֮УһûзӦͱǳиһϵĽɫжֵסӴ䴩󣬽͵ڶһ𣬵ţڴУһƬҡ
֣һʹ͸߰װսʿûг֡
ֻͱĵò࣬ûǱɫοס
꣬սǰߣһͻȻӵ˫һ죬͵סǰ͸Լʹһڳ
ϣֻһԣܿվɫ԰ףϢңеĵطѪ飬ͣǴ״ȻúԶ
ԶպɽǰͺķˣһĻһ
ȻľѵԶֹ
ϣֻһ󳵲ӷͬʱһɫĹâȻӶбգ֮䣬Ⱥֿ˵ĿУЩкȻһɫľ޴ضܣЩضܱžµɫƣǿķ
ЩɫضܣպɽһĶʱˮס
˵ĽɫУټЩɫضܣǰʱ˼ΪȻʱ˿̣պɽûѡ
ţ
պɽɽХ㣬գۼһ
Ȼһж޷ıǰս֣һ˻־ضܣ˲ƵһߣƿʼöΪ
ֹˣһ࣬ȻѾǰȻ͹Щ˵ʵȻһʱ׻Է糾ƾ̶ʱڣٰ˸Խһߡ
ֱת£ʱһ࣬޾ʱսҲеһ׶Ρ
Ӻɫн룬ֻƬ̣ͽ뵽첼õʱԹУԤܶ龰û뵽ԹУǰһƬʲôûУֻһƬ޾ա
ܲҵͿıˡ
𣬽ȥԶ̶ʱʧ١
üͷ΢壬ǰգһƬտȥһֱһǰһֱôȥҲһʲôջ񣬲һüͷܿչ
Ūʲô飬̫СԼˡ
磡
һһ̣ǰ֮仯ԭһƬյССķÿһһʱͨͨ򲻿֪ĵط
ǰЩСӣ޶ԣֻǰ޾һ
̽
ɲǼ䣬ղһεΪģѸٱû뵽ǰпռͨУܿ죬ǰٴη仯
ЩķѸٱʻһŤͨ˴˾޾вӣͶӰԺеУָоӶάά㡣
߾ηʱգһ̣ǰûκܿԡ
޾̽ǿ̽һССʱԹȻҲڻ¡
Ҳ޿֣ԥʱԹеԭ
ҵˣ
Ƭ̣йâһԾΪһ̣һʱͨʧ
޾ʱвԾǰٶޱȣԼŤʱͨзٳֵʱǰٴα仯
ǰǿտ޵磬һƬŤ硣
ΧССʱմԪͨкʱ֮ͨǰͬһμ㲻Ҳ׸ܵռͨĴڣһۿɼһַʽΧ
ʱշ籩
³ĸ֣ࡣ
ǰһпƼ򵥣κһ쾳ǿ߶ҵڣвͣԾѰһͨȴƽ֮£ܵһŨŨģǱΣա
ˣ
˫һգдԪλռȫʧ۸ӵĿռṹоһصʱշ籩
޾ĴԪʱպλУᵮһʱշ籩ʱշ籩ͨԪλ湹ɣӵмֲƻһʱշ籩У¶쾳ǿҲ˲ʧȥʱ֮
ʱշ籩УһжģκκͿռصʩչĳ̶ֳϿԳΪʱսءҪǣһʱշ籩Уױ͵δ֪ʱֱ޾̫УһҲζԶҲ޷硣
һεַЩʱշ籩ڸӵĿռṹ£٣Ѿǰ棬ֲˡ
벻ĿռѾ˿Դʱշ籩ĵز
а
һƬ򲻿ͬʱôʱշ籩һֱʹڵռṹܹЩռֱͨõԼʱԹУڿռϵѾ˳ĵز
ֻһ˲ͻع
䣬һ٣ûнǰκεĿռͨУֱӿһռֱͨԹ
һ˸ٴʧ
ڶิӵĿռ䲻ϳǰĿռԹǳĸӻʽṹһһÿһһʱ壬ܡ͸ռṹÿһһʱԹԽֳ׷Զʧ
ʱƬ֮κҪ飬ãã纣鲼ÿһռṹС
ǰ벽ĸ֣ЩʱƬҲɼв
գ籩ȡ岻ڸָӵĽṹǰԭλԽԽԶû˿ԥɼٳǰݶȥ
ˣ
֪˶ãһƬӵĿռṹеڣִʱԹ
ȻƬʱ龰ͫ׶һıɫ
Ƭ޵ʱȻǵ㣬ĵƹ⣬ܼ򵥵ĳΪƹ⣬Ϊеƹⶼһǳءʦ


ڶǧپʮ ս壩
ǰһһģһĴƾʦֻС౶ѣȻʦеĽṹǲ¥վֻǾ¥ֵĻʹȫеһģһ
ԶԶܹϤ̫¥Լ¥ϸΩΩФֻΨһĲǣǳ΢ԵЩտֻһյյһ£ʹǳԼ˵
ˣںڰӳ£ʦĵģһƬţһɭζ
죬
Ū飡
ȻоĵģûκλӦ
üǰʦͫͷ
ҵҪ㵽ʲô
彣üһһ̣ǰݶԥͶǰʦС
飬嵥һ㣬ǰ߸ߵĳǽϣʵĴдӽ´Ȼשʯһģһ
΢΢ܿԽǽ뵽ϳŸһֵϡ
ˣ
ǳصɲǣûע⵽ڤڤУһεӵصɢ˲סʦ
ʱձԽ졣
ͬʱһˣ΢ľʦС
ž
ޱȼž
һ˽ڽֵϣǳֻһ˵ĽŲԵԽտ
̫ˣ
һǰһϸܣһ·ŸһѺۣǽϼ߲̦޺Ҳ˸һܽǵľ¥
һ벿ֶھʦ֮սʱ򣬾Ǵ뾩ʦϤ
һУǼ򵥵ģѣǴ嵽ϸڣϸŵʦ
ڤڤУֹĸоԽŨˡ
ΧȰ
彫ľɢȥ̽Χÿһռ䣬ܺͼеľʦһģһеֻһտӣûһӰΡ齡һжڣһУϻ˷ʢķˣڵ룬ָоȴԽ졣
ǿֲĸоǰȥͬʱҲԾļӿٶȡ
һ·룬֪˶ãΪһճǵʱͻȻһС
ţ
һֱϸһݶ
ͭţ֣
һ·ѸٴݶϵƬ̣ڿĵط
һĽֵϣƻͨһӰ߶š
忴һ򣬿ڼҶѾͬ£ˮ۵Ů˿ӪҵվڴŴͣЦĵСϵӰȻ࣬ȴĿǰΨһл˵ĵط
һΣܿӸݶ

ĬƬ̣סһԲۣ֬Ц̵СѾߡ
ȻԤϣͶ˾ͺûпһֱԾźȥ
С㣬ˮۿÿ
ԶԶģѾߵĻ
ɫ΢㵣ǰסһɫۣϱһֻʿ

̽
ȻʿŲֱֱͣǰײ壬Ȼ˱ˡ
һɲڲһЩԾֵϣȻû˸оĴڣͺ˫ȻͬĴԪλһ㡣
ֹˣէһ֮⣬ЩŮʿС˴֮лһ糣ϸȥͻֽᷢ˵ɫȻоٶԣͺȰźõĿһ
һͻȻƺʲô
ˣ
һ̣һ죬ͻȻץסǰһŮһɰľԺС
Ȼˡ
̾ϢһĿʱࡣ
Ԥһ˶ϴ˼䣬ԺֻһȰźõļ䣬Щ֮һƬհס
ÿ˽ʲô֣Ϊʲôȫһ֪
ֶΣ岢İ
칬¼ʱʹֶͬĨȥԺйԼļ䣬һһµļ䡣
ֻǹʼʩˡ
ˣ
΢һɰľƿնƬһ̣飬˲ʣڵϡ
ЩȻϴȥ䣬ɿܰжǱһˣ콫׽ֻΪ˵׺տġʦˡ
岻֪ʲôʱ°˽Σ嶼Ӳܡ

΢̧ܿ콫ֵ˾˹Сȵ죬Щ˾ͿԻָ
һУûͣԾ𣬼ӿٶȣǰȥ
֪Ϊʲôɲǣָо١ƺ
뿪󲻾ã΢ľʦ仯
䣡
ʹϷͻȻһ춯صĻһش̻գը貵ĹâҹɫŵġʦЩϲζ
ǡ
̻ŷĵطüĶһ¡
һжϸվʦģôǸʾԼġ̫
ˣ
ûйԥһͷһɰ磬ʵʵǿ·ˮһ㣬üıŷͬʱԼٶȳ̻ŷĵطȥ

̶̵ֻʱ䣬һ󶦷еľ֪Уʦĵط忴һϤĸڣŵƽʣһƬϲ죬ΧһӰ´£㼯

ǸڵĴƪϣϤĴ֣ӳ
ڵľʦûֻһ̫и֣Ҳ˺ܴı仯ȻΪ֮ףڹϣڵĹ滮ϣүǺºҪϸִеġ
Ƭڰֵʱ΢ľʦ֮УȻǰ廹ʱĽ֡
һʲô
üͷ壬Ժһͷ족ǰľʦֻǣȻûв׽족ͼ
ˣ
Ժиոͷһ̣ͻ𡪡
΢ľʦԭһƬտֻӰһ㣬ţɢھʦǾôƬ̣ͻȻ֮䣬ԽԽӰһ㣬ͻȻھʦ֮С
һͺӵصðһ㣬رǰֵͻȻ֮˷ܵİա
Ϊأ
Ϊأ
飬ͬأ

һƬֵ쳹գʼʱ򣬻ֻǰֵգۼ䣬ͬĻǰֱɢʦ
Ϊأ

ȺĻԽԽ
벻ԶĽֵϣӰһһӰƾճ֣էһ֣泯죬ķ򣬲ϵĻȲʡ
ʦϡ´£Ȼв¼ʮ֮࣬ԭǰľʦͻȻ֮һƬ֣ͺɭɭĹ»ص˼һ㡣
УԽԽ̻գҹҵš
֪ĻΪص˼䣬ٴ졣
ֻǣֵ֪ľʦȴԽԽ䡣
һľż磡
Ϊһ컹֪°˶ˡ
ˣ
һ̣һΣʱӹؿռ䣬˷Ӷ˲ǰ
ƻͨ
ɽ˺
ܶġеĴϲ֣϶ˡ


ڶǧپʮ ս
ֹˣڸһݼϣȥһЩϤӰȸǡӥģڴޣſڶ˻ҵġ
ĿһЩơĸסСá硱硱ӰЩ˱濴һ糣ϸȥȻ桰̸Цûʲô쳣ĿͣԶˡ
ϣоκ˸е겨
廹һѵɡ塱
İ
죬
ͻȻͷϷ޾ҹգ
ȻΧģûκεĻӦߵġУҲһ糣˼֮ǰġ籾̨ʶûͺĻһ
䣡
ɫһ䣬һ죬֮Уǵġ塱ըֹˣ䣬ͬйբ֮ˮӿ£û뵽֮С
ɲǼ䣬غʦҪƺҪѿ
Ķû𣿡
ͻȻ֮䣬һЦմδ䡪
¡
һըգۼ䣬ƺƣһֱʮɵĽɫĿޱȣȻ͵׹·ġϿգֻһ˲صĲ˲ʧеһжָ糣
棬ĿĹʧһհĽҹɫ֮УɫĹģһģĺɫӰ
ǡ족
ˣ
ƺƣĳ֣Ȼý
ǿ
ޱȵǿ
ǧĻڱŷأһ̵죬ħһ㣬Σա
Ȼһֱ׷Ѱ㼣ʱɲǼ䣬ɵȫȫԴ
Ҫޣ壬㣡
ؼ죬һ̣족ǳҵģ۾ĽͻȻͬˮ˰ֿâģһֱһģӰо죬ڴ滺˳һǰ¶ԼĿ
һ̣嶼ɵñעʶĿ˹ȥ
еĲͬǴҫ۽߳ӰûжôĸߴΰһĨٻӰ
족ֳԼɲǣ綼࣬ʱ䶼·ֹ
ˣ
Ȼֻǿһۣͫ͵һͷ·һ㣬ɫҲΪȵķŭͨ졣
쵰
һǿҵɱҲ̲ס¡£Բڣһ׷׵˲仯Ϊ촷ۣǰ족µġҵĲȴ족ѹ
ǣֵôŭ𣿡
ԶЦЦٴ̤գǰ˼
еĲͬǰġ족ʲô׳˶ӣеģһŰɫȹƮƮ֬վŮӣ˵ĸоͬһ㡣
ģŮӵ٣ܶãУҲܱϤӡ
٣
ûǴҫ۽߳ӰȻԼ꣬һֱҪȵ١
ֻǣеӲͬǰȻȴȻͬû˼ᣬƽӣǶһ䡢߰ǧ֮ζ
ֹˣüģһ¶Ľɫģǰٸӵ䣬Ҳӵء
ֻǣȻǡ١һѱ仯
ڿ˫İɲǣ֪ĸ٣죡
һֱ׷Ѱ٣ҪȻأͻʴԭһ·׷⴦ʱԹѹû뵽һֱԼǰ
ӵһνٵʱһֱԼǰ
Ϸԣ޼Ȼ˵Ȼͻ
١վ̤գ
ſ
ȭͷԽǷŭԽǳɱ⣬ʱ򣬷Խ侲
ŭ޼£ԽʱԽҪ侲
ŭԼǡǡǡ족ҪﵽЧ
ŭ𣿡
١˵족ֻһЦľҡҡͷ
ʱգѾﵽ˰벽䣬ܹʱȴǴ֮β͸ıˣŮˣʲôأ
Ϊﵽּ겻Ҳʱ˵ףҲֻؾ߶ѡ㲻̥ѵ㶼𣿡
㵽ʲô
嶢Ŷġ족Խı䡣
ǵ칬У˵Ļ𣿡
쵭¡¡쳹ķֻһΣ͸һ˿֮ǰȻͬζ
֮ǰٸһλᡣ
ǻ֮ҲãԤ֮Ҳգ㶼޶֣ӡƣؼѾ˿ƥУ
ȴ츳
벽䣬̶ʱڣȻɾĸ벽䣬Ȼûﵽ侳츳ԣ³޺̫֮⣬Ѿûܹȵ㣬̫Ҷ벽̥Ȼ¸ƣʮֱ̫ڣȴûֳɾͣ
ϧ֮ˣôɱһ˲šԸͶޣ޿һ֯ĸ죬ŮӣҲһ㡣
ôϲǵĻ֮ѵȲǸ˻ʵҲֲһźǰһУеأҲԱġ޻ٵǵĻȴԸһʢĻѵں𣿡
ڿſ˫ۣ
ԣشޣԸ𣿡
һ仰족Ŀ͸ʱգϡ
ռžԭֵġʦһҲ·ʱ侲ֹһ㣬еȫʧ
ˣ
ȻԤϣŸ䣬ˣ
ָһһһ磬һһҵĻشϴһܣԶܣ
ⷬնöҲɻȻɫ䡣
⣬һ仰˵ˣ

ʲô
۾һУʶ
ȥûܻ㣬δҲûУ⣬Ҫģһû
䣡
һ䣬һ̣˲ʧ
ͬʱҲ࣬һɰģΪ֮ɫĿֲȻͬ׳һ㣬ҵĺ족Ժ
˵ʱ岢ʲôҲû
ɾһв֪˶ãֱʱ򣬲ȻϮ
ٵܵ˺ԣֻҪ족Ϳˡ
ȻķӦȴκ˶񲻵ġ
䣡
ھߵɲǣһɵĹ⻪ͬӨһ㣬ͻȻü֮бƴȫ·ˮľͺһεϣʱȫ
ֹˣһɲǣӨɹ⻪ɢԲڣеһһƬңʱ䣬ƺҲȫ״
䣡
ֻһ·ˮһ̷Բ֮ڣʱ䵹أһжصǰʱ򣬾ľ񹥻Ҳˣͺûж֡
棬һĻ˲ɫ
ʱеĿռ֮ϣȻѾ˲ֵʱ֮ﵽ˰벽䣬ʱ֮վǳ޷ύۣ
һ࣬У壬ЦЦһӴϢޱ޼ʣգ΢ʦʱԹ˲
ָϣɵĽɫϹ⣬ɢâÿһŹ鶼͸һʱⲨ


ڶǧپʮ սߣ
Ȼ㲻Ը⳼ޣǾ͹ֲˣ
һ䣬ƳһۣЦЦȻΪһģӰѸٵʧ
죬ߣ
һĻɫ΢䣬ѸʧԼٶȳʧλöȥ
¡
Ȼ廹û߳ԶͻȻ֮䣬ضɽҡһ죬΢ʦͻȻҵĲֻ˲Ϣ䣬һ޴ѷӻʹķӶѸٽʦһΪڵѷ첻֪֮׷¡һʯ壬ߣשǽһ£׷յɶȥ
ֹˣŵһѷĳ֣һһԽԽѷ·𵶽һʦһھҵз׷׵
ʦĸһҽУӰҲ׷ױǹɻգ޾֮С
һĻɫ䣬Щ˺ҸۡеĴ磬磬СǲͬƾմģȻһ޸˼䣬ǣ־磬ϣÿһһʻ
λֹ˶ᱻ֮Уǡ
ǣԽģȴ޶ԡ
ôƬ̵ĳɣϢѾʧˣѾ˲ôࡣ
ˣ
ʯ䣬һףѸټöĥ̴СһŽʦϿӭǣѸٻΪһɽľ޴ա
䣡
ͬʱһ٣ز漴һһʱ֮޵УΪģѸ˷ɢȥ
ʮ⣬һƳʿոձ𣬻ûеգһ̣һɫʱ֮ͻȻĽ£âһʿʧڰ֮Уʱ֮ͽ˹ڡ
ˣ
ǳϿգʮղҽţշȥһ̣һĥ̴Сʱ֮ͬʱǽ£һ˸֮ЩҲ˲䱻͵˹֮С
һʦ֮УԽԽӰͨʱ֮뵽˹Ҵ͵ٶԽԽ졣
ʲôأϾϣĺǣվǻһС΢ȥ
ʱ¡¡ף˷쳹ľʦϿգ
Ҿô־ȵ˶أ
䣡
δ䣬ͻȻһ̶Х廹ûӦͿ΢ʦϿգһž޴ʯȼţЮųҵĻ棬֮٣ʦ
ʯٶȼ죬ֻգۼѾ䵽ϳŸȻҵڴϣ޴˽ȫݻ٣һըգڵȼա
Ѿǰ֣İշ׷תƵУȻмӰڻлҷ
ֹˣôƬ̵ʱ䣬һһŵʯӶʦϿգܣŨ̹žʦķХ
ǳҵĻ⽫ʦҫ硣
쵰
ֻһ˲׹쾹ȻַʽЩȫĨ
룬ۿʯžʦʯ䣬̥ͬʱ֣漴һ޴ϱŷסеľʦ
䣡
𶯣ضɽҡӶĻʯ䣬ͳͳĻֵֵһڻҵıըΪһѤõ̻
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬Լ̥ͬʱ֣ǧʱ֮Ѹٱ鲼ʦһ˲еӰȫͽ˹֮С
һ֮вµʯҲͻȻʧˣֻ¿յ΢ʦϵıѣȻ޾֮С
һ̣ƺҲνĹ
ȻȴȻԴ˿ûзɾ裬֪һлԶûн
ȻƬ̵ļž֮ٴ
壬㽫תƽ˷֮Σע޷뿪󲻹㻹ǣͨͨ
ȲǣҲȲ½磬˭ҲȲˣ

ٱֻʦ㳹׵ʧˣʱյģһģ·ǰĹâͻȻ֮ŷѸٵϯ˷
һɲǼ䣬һǿҵΣոС
Ȼڿʼˡ
⽫֮䣬ڷӡƳ֮ĵһ֣

ͬʱޱȵͻʴԭϣɱ춯أͻʴԭвΪ磬ҵɱ
һս֮ǰÿ˶֪һεĶַǳǿĳ̶ֳ˵Ǿǡۡľӣֻеֵʱ򣬲иܵǿ󵽵жǿ
䣡
֮Уһ͵һȭϽɫȭ׻еɲǣʿ˲ݣǧľ׾ֽһȥֻһҽУʿѪֱӱ֮Զ
һÿһһͷξޣݶȣгǿֻƬ̼䣬ǰ߱һƬңչֳѹԵ
ʿֱӺɳȥըѡ
̶ʱ䣬ѾʿŵС
һĻÿжġ
̫ǿˣ
ڹȥƴȫҪһԺ࿹Ӵţÿһѵأޱȡ
ǺЩֲȣŲСĲࡣ
ס
ԲǳƷߣ

һ˻ߵıŭǰܲ˵£˵Ѫеսʿû˺£ûһ˺ˡ
˶֪Ѿû·ˣ
飡
ܼײŹ۶սһʿѪɶֻҪܵĲˣÿ˶᲻ܲˣ˻ƴȫٴŶԷȥ
壡
ϵ˵£ֲϵ˳ȥ
޴
Զ߸ߵļ̳ϣ̫ؿһĻɫ䣬˿޶ԡ
Щ౰΢ĵط֪Уڷֵ
һԵ̫ҲһĮ
ֻһ̣ЩǰʱǲģΪ񡱵ĸ߹
ڹȥǶʱ䣬ںǸԤ֮ӵĽУᵽֻ̫ۣһ̣ٴδݻһǰʱ˲ᵽǹɸ߹ͽ
ǵģźǰЩͬò޾֮ǰǾѾ˱ʵ
Ӻܾ֮ǰǾ
ˣ
Զ󷽣еĽ춼ڿǰһĻڤڤУ˵Ŀⶼ˴󷽵һ۹󽫾áͺķʩ³
ͬǰ͸һ˿ʹɫ
ˣҪǰʿʱ𣿡
ͺķԣһɺ
ǰֹˣͬҲɺʿǰдģѵʼĴѾʼ࣬˱ٲֵľӢ󲿷ֵľӶѾɢ
ã
ͺķʹ࣬ȴԥľܾˣ
ǵʹҲǵѡ񣬴ǰһǾѾ֪ǵʲô
ͬʱʩɺŮگ٤춼´ͬ
Ϊսʿսϣ
ܹΪսΪӦ֮ЩİնսȥΪһսʿߵҫ
к֣ܶ
Ϊ˺սսʿһӿһϵġ


ڶǧİ սˣ
һ࣬룬̫ٱͬרעǰ
˾ţ
ͻȻˡ
ûк·
ЩȻпᣬȴòȥսϣûиߵ͹֣֮ÿ˶ԼӦκͽɫЩ޷ġ
ƾǰߵʿȻ޷ֵ޾ӿš
ǣ
ԣһһѸתٲȥ
ֻƬ̡
𣡡
УһӺ󷽴ĺ󷽣һжʮɸߵľ͸е֮УһʮɵľˣȫףɽХĺУһлһߣȻصսǰߡ
˾ţ
̥ڴʳ𵩾ˡ
ʳһսЩ˼ʧǴʳͳһ֮ǰ֧˾ţֻǺǰͬеľ˾Ųǿļ죬Ըԭ򣬶ѡĹģҲϸ
ⳡĴսУκεǼΪõġ
ҪеķʽȥԿţ
䣡
һʮɸߵľˣڰųһţͬʯص׹սǰߣ䣬ıըУ̳ʮҽţֱӱ޴ĳɳȥ
Ϊ˴ƣ
һǹ̳֮Уһ˳ļᣬĿѩűըԵֻǺʹǰľ˲ͬĿȻ˼άˮ׼
䣡
Ǿ˸һ͵һȭ籡ͬ㣬بǰɨȥǹȫѹԵġ
ҲԵֵ
ɣҿǵжǿ
Ϊ׵˺Ũܣ޴ͽȻͬŸ˳ȥضĽ²ƺܲס

һް͵һӳȥѹԵֱӽƬᵲ
Щĸߴ˶ʮɸߵľǰʱҲӤһСһΣѹǵĴڡ
Сģ
һ˫۽ǰۿ־壬ȫֵһУ߷ݰ㣬ɼķ˳ȥ
䣡
󣬽Ӷľ㣬׹䣬£ŵǰ߶ʱȫ濪̳ϵĳ
Ϊδսʱ䣬ܹʮ˾ţһ쿪ȫͨ󷽵ľ͸ţ͵ǰߡ
Щ˵ļ룬ԭнǰȹֹˣԭռݾƵǰһƬҡ
ɱɱɱ
ʱŭţ˷
ֹˣһ࣬Է糾űѾҪ֯ĺ˴ѣǶʮӴʱҲ˴ɱ
ϣ
һէһνýݵĺ˾Ӹһ˲䱻һͬĳ̳£һӵĳԱѸٴӺڿնֱ˹
ǣ
еĺһ漴ܿϳ
󺮳֮ʱڶݵһսҲ뵽У֧רѵǵİӣֹںܶ֯˶ǳϤ
°ܽ
ֻһЦɫܿ˶
һۣȻ»ɽսܣǱڵ֧Ҳ𣬵ʵϣҲɱ˴ӵˡ
ͽǿҲǿʦ
֧ӣܶѵֱַӾģǵģǵģʵս飬˫ɲһΡ
䣡
һ̣һŨɫϯһ·˳еĳӣŶԷ˶ȥ
ߣ
һĻİʿֻһûõ˼һһӴɫͬӿ
ĦĦ֮𣡡
棬ԭһ߰İӳԱ㵣ƺԼ۾
Ħ֮֯Ҳһľݱ֮½֮˾Ӷܹ࣬Ħ֮˲ࡣ
ȻԷʩչ߼Ħ֮𣬶һԼҪߡ
ôܣ
𺳵Ļֹˡ
Ϊ࣬ȴҪ磬ǳ裬ȻˣҰĹջذɣ
УӵĳԱһƳһַֻĳ䣬ڤڤУԲʮڣջް仯һڰ̫ͼͻȻӳԱΧ
䣡
һ̣˸ڹĦ֮ӿ·ܿưӿ밵ӳԱڡ
ã
˸ִ󾪣һշæ󵹷ȥѾˡ
ѵ֧ӣӵ֯еľݱ֮Ħ֮𣬸ӵǲеġ컯
֮սʱ򣬰ӲŸոѵûãʱ䣬һѽȡ
ˣ
ں˸ֵصɲǣӵĳԱһΣֱʩչ崫µġӰħһ˸˲ڶԷһ˶Է塣

һ̣˸һĳˣţЩģǶĶ֣֮ȻﵽֵزȻ֮ǻҪǿ
飡
ӳԱ˶ͬʱԽԽİƻһЩ˸֡
ݱ֮Ħ֮½֮𡭡ĻݴӰӳԱӿ̶ʱ䣬ӲסǵĹѹס˶Է
Զ̫ϡ̫˿һĻʱһ
Щ쵰ȻǵĶԸǣ
Ǿݱ֮½֮𣬻Ħ֮𣬶֯רеĶרѵֵĹֹˣϸ˵ʳЩ˾Ŷ֯Ķ
ڣȻԱ֮ì֮ܣԸǣֱд
ˣҪҪǳ֣
ͻȻһӺ󷽴ߡͻȻǰ
֯еȼɭϣЩȻȲרҵľţûôеϣʤڸʵǿ󣬿ɧҶԷ
ĿǰЩȫЩӵĶ֡
һ컯뼫䲻״̬˵ǻӵмµ
ҲֻСǡܶԸǡ
֯ʷУ˴ߣǴ󲿷ȱĹ߻ħΪʵʧܣΪдƷ
ǵʵǿ
ܶ˶ʥ侳΢Ϊٲӵа벽Ŀʵ
ֻҪǳ֣ȫ׵ĴݻЩ׾ģǵİӡ
ˣ
ʱ̫ͻȻˣĿעǰɫĮ޶ԣ
ⳡսŸոտʼûбҪߣҡ
̫ǰЦһ
Ǿ˾ţǰӣֻǸԤ֮ӣ͵ȥİˡǻǲúԶ
Զ
ԶһΧġߡһãȻʶǰȫ֪˵ʲôֻƺ֪ʲôȴҲ촽һﲻ
̫Ϻ̫ƺ֪ʲôһĴ
̫شˣԶѾʧѵ۵
һԣ̫̲ס
˵֮Уʼţʵӡ
̫Ҳţʱǰ֮ǰ֯ûнƵĹģҲûô׷ߣǸʱƺһ⾰ǵʵǿƻ֮ڻҪֲֻûôѡ
ĳһԪʱǿľѻЩԶڴս֮УԶ⵽شȻճɹǸԪҲʧأֻһЩԶ
ֻ˳˯
ټԶĴƺΪѣ͸ıע⣬רעҲٴԶ
̫Ϻ̫桰족ôãҲֻûм
⣬һεġվƻкսص飬족̫ȫȨھ̫Ϻ̫Ǻ
ţ
̫ص˵ͷֻǵ˵һ䣺
һж۵˼
̫زûж˵ЩûбҪ˵̫ࡣ
Ԫı̫ˣıǳ궼ֹġԤ֮ӡεġվƻ֮κһԪҪӵöࡣ
ҲỨʱ䣬Զԭ
ˣ
һ̣̫˵ʲôֻһӣһɵĹ⻪ɢǿʱղڵλɢͻʴԭ


ڶǧİһ սţ
ɲǼ䣬һһεʱͨڴС
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬ǰߵսҵʱͻȻ֮䣬𶯣û˿ףսǰˣԭͻȻ֮һƬɧ
ת֮䣬ͬˮ˷ֿں󷽣һʮɸߵĹ״ʱͨɢɵĹ⻪ͻȻ˵Ұ֮С
ͻȻı仯˵ע⣬˾Ҳ˹ȥ
䣡
˵ĿУǹŰʱͨУһֻɫƣָ׳ޱȣͬһ㣬Ȼӹ֮̽˳һץסšıԵ
һ̣˵ĿУһͷ֮ľ˻Ҫ߳ӵӴӰȫףȻ˳
һͷ͵
װ磬ϢһģһֻǿҪǿ̫̫ˡ
ͶµӰҪסʮȫװ
У
ЩͻȻֵľ󷽵İͺķ˶һһ
˭Ҳû뵽֯Ȼ
ʵѾǳǿˡЩڳűըԵ֮ľ˶Ҫǿֹ
Сģ
һ󾪺ǰôƬ̣ԽԽľȫװӡšг֣ս
ǵĿ׺ݣէһ֣ͶЩĽվˡ
𣡡
춯أؼһǰľֳ֮߳һŴ޽̾ͳžԼļ˼Ƕȥ
һϣ
ɽͰ㣬Լߵöľһĭ˭ҲûкˣѸϣȫװľȥ
䣡
޽еĳֻһһҽУ˾ͷ·ǱһͷײУӴ˳صĺɳȥ
֣Ȼһ֮У
һĻ˶𺳲ѡ
ߣ
Զ޴ļ̳ϣ̫ȴ¶һ˿Ц
Զ
ͬʱҲһо˵Դͷ
ν𵩾ֻ򻯰Զѡ
ЩԶûʹκεʽǱֲıըƬսϾѾͳμĴڡ
ɱǣ
̫ɫĮֻ͸ȥһ򵥵ͷ
ϴ
ڽеһ
Զĳ֣ϴԪЧʽһӣսѾûκοԶԿĴڡ
ƲսȫһŰɱ
һӼһ𣬸ϣȻٳ״ݻٵĿֲɱ
𣡡
غһУԽԽǿޱȣӴͬɽ͵Զž˳սҼ뵽ս֮С
飡
ƬƬʿͬոĵȰ׷׵£ǵʬϣ˻ţϵƽ
ʮ
ʮ
ʮ

ʿ׷׵£ཨĵһߣת˲֮ͱ׵˺飬ոͶľ˾ŲŸոסߣͳױˡ
Զļ룬ⳡ롰֮սڽ˰Ȼĵز
ֹˣԴԴϵƽŵĽ룬һ࣬Ӻͺ˸֮սҲѸ˼䲻״̬
ЩʵȻ԰û̫вʤࡣ
ƽҲͰˣս֮УͻȻ⵽Ĺȴġ
飡
һӵĳԱʩչӰħмȺܼռ޵սɱУۣһӺݳӵĳԱԶûһ߰˵Χ£ʬ䡣
һ
ȫ֣ɱǣ
ᣬһ˲ڶ˷־ݱ֮½֮סĦ֮ս׷ҫһڵϡ
ͨʿɱ˵ȴɱˡ
ֻǣҲΪ˸˴ۣǧƵİӳԱսʿ׷׵ǰսһ̣Ҳûκһ˺ˡ
ˣô죡
ۿžƼ䲻󷽣Ӱ׷ǰ̫ٱúǰ˹صꡣ
һһģߺеһжǲþ
ХԶҵɱУϣעǰ濴ƽҲͬѡ
ûǴ꣬ܿͻָƽ
ڼҵսϣҪ˽С
ҪʤǸˣ
׼ôˣ
ĿǰᶨͻȻڵһ̵ӲеָֻǸս޲ʤ޲˵Ĵս
һֵ̣𾴵ͳ˧
شˣʱͶս
ԣͷ
Ȼֻ˵䣬Ͳûٿڡ
ڵȴʱ
ǰеʿǰͺ̣赲Ľһ̣ʱ䶼·仺ÿһ˲ͬһô
֪˶á
ȥ֪ͨǰߣǰ߾ӣȫ󳷣
йâһڿڵ
䣡
õǰߣӣ˲ӣеװһ̣ʱ׷ȥս֮췭ظı仯
Ҫˣ
󷽣̫ؿһĻָֻһͬʱЦһ
ȫǵ߳ɢ
ΪܹݳˣǾ̫ˡ
С֪·ʤ飬ҵսһˣȴǵĿܾ֮֡
ɱ
ԭĴ·ӿĳˮѸǰɱȥ
ɣ
߰ɣ
һǧɣ

ֹǰ߲ӣŵĽ£ȥԽԽ˲ϲȥÿһ̣дʿ¡
ڱıԵ
һǧɣ
һǧɣ
һǧ߰ɣ

ǵֵסˣ
ɱһϣ
һ˸ĲһĻЦһȰѸٷ˶ϣ󣬳ǧĺ˸֮ͬβɱȥٶ֮ŻҪ죬
һǧ˰ɣһǧŰɡ
ֻáꡢͺķʩɺ³֥˼˳ȵ۹ڴУɲɽŶԽԽ
ǧɣ
ЩŲ룬ﵽǧɵʱ򣬷·ĳ㣬õжһ˿ĺâ
սҲ֮仯
ţ
ڤڤУһ£ڣǵȴõ鷢ˡ
ݣ
һХͻȻ֮ϲͻʴԭıԵҾ֮Уһ˸ʶ̧ͷͿϲ߶Ȼһ漴һĻޱȣлһ޴ߣأԼķ
ʲô
ڵͫϵӳǿĻһ̣˸һƬ档
һ̣Ӧ飬ǧĻ
ãã޾Ĵ󷽱ԵĻڿնХţŵķ
䣡
һѸǰߵ֮УȻҵıըΪһƬȼյĻ𺣡
ͣͣ
Ǵʳͣ
һ˸ֱ͵ľȻһѾˡ


ڶǧİ սʮ
꣡
ʱ䣡
ͼֽе֥Ͱ˼˳ڴʳ۹ҹͣھ򣬴˴ĻͣӴģʳʵķһӶĻ͡
Թ߰ʮδģսĻͣƬսϣ׵ͷų
һ̣Ϊ֮
Ļڿնڱգһ̣·ʱ䶼ֹؼž
貵Ļ⣬߸ߵļ̳ϣ̫ء̫ϵɫ΢䣬Ǳܵһ죬һӴʱղɢҪֹһУһѾˡ
̫ص˳ͬʱһӴʱսͬʵıһ˵ĸ֪У˲ֹ˵ʩ
ʱ
ֱʱ̫˲ʲôɫѿޱȡ
壡
̫һѿڡ
һ̣˲׶ʲôΪʲôڼս֮лһֱˡ
һն
䣡
ĻХţ飬ǧҵıըĻͱ俪ѸٻΪһƬҵĻ𺣡
ʮֻͣ
ֻͣ
Ǹ࣡
û֪
ֻ֪Щɲǣսǰ߱һƬͣŨ̳ͻʴԭȼգս
һƬ죡

һĲҽսдһڴʹĲҽڵڼȼգŨĻ͸ף͸档
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ص˵˵ϣȻûκϢ
Ȼʵǿ󣬵ȻͨʿǵʵҲԶûдﵽʥ侳
ֻʵ֮ǿѣıʲûб仯
ЩܹڼҵսжеıвȻҲһ
ΨһĲǣͨʿʵȻǿ󣬷ҲֵܹܵʱҲ
ֻϧѾûлˣ
䣡
ڵһȫѹ´ͬʱڶͺֻܿһıըܵĻԽңʮɸߡ
ɽͰߴԶҲܵ˻Ӱ죬ʶֻסԼ
ȻһлԶûн

һӴ󷽴ţĲ岨Щµٶ֮죬ԼЩʵǿĺ˸ֶѡ
飡
ź£ûκηĺȳܲסĵڵϡ
ӣ
һգĿ־壬Ҫܣͷܶսȴ޴㣬ֻĿŻ꽵١
һŻ͵첻вʮ٣ǧҲֵͬס
󣬳ǧͬŵ¡
Ũڱգ
һ̣ս޵
ŵڵϣ
ԴӴľŵһ⵽ģصĴ
ֻһ˲䣬ʮڻ֮С
Ż͵ıըȼգܿʹﵽʮȻʮʮ򡭡
𺳣
ޱȵ𺳣
ߴľͼ̳󷽣еġߡǰʮɸߵĹ𺣣һޱȡ
еġߡʱٻģǶ磬û̫˽⡣˿ǸƵ۹ۼıҲ֯һû̫
ٶҲֻں֮ڶѡ
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼǿ
˲ʮˣȻɻһʮˣѾǸشˣ˵ڼӡ
ֹˡ
ûзŹᡣ
ণ
ڴ󷽣պѹѹһƬһֻֻչ˫ᣬսǰ߶ٶȼ죬ܿӹ˰սϸȥÿһͷϼһʿ
ȫףִŵꪣϣһñ֯װŵĻ͵
ⲻ֮
ţ
帴˴ʳ۹ֻյķݲӣչǹģҲб仯ſռƬսܷӳ޴á
ˣ
󷽣йâһѸ´
ö磡
¾ǶԸõʱ
ȫ
õУѸٱ仯
ɱ
춯صĺɱ쳹أ֮Уͺķİȳ֮ͬǰ
ȫԲΪǿʵʹôƷʤΨнܱԶˮ׼
ǰǰһƬңǳûսԸǵʱ
ɱ
һɱ춯أһ̣еʿͻʵ˹ؽºմʳ˵װһţͬһŭ㣬Ӵȫǧһ̷
ո£һͬĳˮ㣬Ӹǰϯȥ
ս
ڴеĳ
Σ
Ҫ磬Ҳóŭ
䣡
©ƫ꣬ǰŶʱһƬҡ
˻ɱѪķʬ嵹µһսһƬ
ϣ
һڷգͻȻ֮䣬һһ޴ص̤һؿڣ޴һ˺ɳȥ
ȫһɫϣҲһֵס
ʮ
ʮ

ĵǳŵٴμӡ
ǧգһʱ
֮ǰ̶Ϊһ̡
ণ
УһͷͷͬһշӶͬʱһſŻ͵¡¡ıըУŵٴӡ
Զ̫ء̫ϡ̫˿һĻɫѿޱȡ
ⲻڴеϴǼƻеġվƻ
Ԥ֮ӣ׼ֶ𣿡
ɱң̫ȴȻƽ
ܾˣû뵽ʳ˵Ļ;ȻôôΪַʽͿԿ̫ˣ
ÿһսÿһĩ᲻ıݻ٣㲢Ψһʹüıֻϧ͹ֶΣҲ͹ŭ
Х̫΢۾Զһ۹ɨ
ǵֶѾֶλûþ
˵ģָ̫һţ֮УһءӵĽɫĸ֣֮͸һǿĲ
ɣҵĳǣǴõʱˡ
ս֮У˭Ҳûע⵽󷽵ľμ̳ϣ̫ɫᣬĳ£еĽɫѸٻΪһɵӨ⣬ͬˮɢȥ
һƾҲͬʱӹգһֱ쵽ĴƺĳЩĶ
¡¡
Ǽʱ䣬԰ƵųɱȥʱͻȻ֮䣬ضĲʼʱ΢ɲ죬Ǻԣһ˲䣬ͻʴԭɸҲ
ֹˣһӴϢͬޣͻȻӵصŵرսٶ


ڶǧİ սʮһ
Сģ
֮УѾоʲôһжѾˡ

һŰ˻𣬾ϲвͻȻѣһӴĺӰһŨһȷ磬ͬɽһ㣬ͻȻضս롣
¡¡ȻĺӰĵطǧƵʿܹǳ󣬶ɵա
мﻹû׹㱻ǺӰסһȥ
𾪣
ޱȵ𾪣
ս˶ܵһǰδеľ޴
ҵɱͻȻı仯ѹȥ
̵Ķսɢͷӣ˶ޱȡ
⵽һͷʲô
սϣ֮ǰӴʣЩԶǴصĹȴЩԶҪߴʮ౶ﵽɣ
ʳ֮սӴĽվԳҲûͷӴ֮һ
ͷսն·𶼱ڱˡ
ͷͨڣһ壬ȴűȽֻҪӲƬƬ鲼ȫÿһطЩɫĶ볲ɢǴƬɢ
ž壬ֲצȴžɳġ߾߾Ǿſɽаޱȵͷ­ŶɺỤ̋ĻϢԳΪκجΡ
Ụ̋ҡ𡭡һͷĻ
šŸͷ
⣬⵽ʲô

߿Уǰ˶ɺ־ᶨʿһ̶еޱȡ
ͷֲֻǿκ˸ܵСĿ־塣
ʳߺ֮Ĺϵ

Ȼֻһ˲ͷصīľ˲䶯ˣǿž޴ͷ­ͬʱſһ̣Ļ̣ͬҽһ㣬¶˲ͬˮ㸲ѹסΧǧɵķΧ

ĲҽУ˲仯Ϊ𺣣ʿܹǲһְڣ˲䱻ͷĻ滯̡ҽ
Ҳֲĸۻڳˮ
Ĳԭճ˳ɰһ㡣
ͬǻ湥ͷԶûĻ͵ôӴķΧֳȵĶȴԶڻ֮ϣֻһգۣԲǧڣеʿʱա
û
ûеֿ
ٻֺľްǰҲ˲䱻Ӣ֮ء

ͷֲ޸ûֹͣԼĽŲ˵ĿУŲһһɣѸȥ
ſͷ­Ÿ͵ǹһ㣬ɨս


ʮ

ͷֲǰٶľҲûôͨʿУξǶξⶾ̻Ҳ׷׻ҷ
䣡
޵ľ̤£粨𶯣ǧƵʿ̤촷ۡ
ԭȻʱһƬҡ
ϣ
սϣս˻ȥЩսǾþѵ׶ᷢͷӴϣκζﶼ޷ֵġ
ֿ־壬ͺӡһ

һƬܣ
ʮ
ʮ
ʮ

ӳֵڣֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ѾʮĴҷ𣬻ҽ׷鲼գͷﻹڳȥ
֮ûһ֮УûκεĶܹ赲Ĳ
ͷֲޱֳɱ°ĴҲ֧Ųõɱ¾
ɵ
һ֧˵ľСӵתͼеĻ͵ȥԸȻûпǰâһһҽӿɲǼ䣬ֻСʧ
ѾƲսһһ浹ɱ
ɱ
ȻͷֲĹޣʿͼԸͷޣݣӵĸֲܻ棬ޱȵӽͷֲĹޡ
ţ
ͬһʱ䣬ǧĳҲ׼ͷɽͰӴò׼׼գ֮䣬Ƶȥ꣬󷽣һܼܾͳҲı䷽򣬶׼ͷޡ
ԸޣΪԭ򣬴Ѿоǳ󣬻Ǿͳ󣬶ǶԸ֡ľޡرǾͳ󣬾޶ɱ
ȻյĽȴĲһ
䣡
һѰѷıͷڵĹϣܼҲͷ޵壬ȻеĹȴĺɫƬֵ
һ̣ĽȻͷֲȴȻͷ·һɽһ㡣

ʱ򣬼ҵսϣͨҵԥϵȸȻͷ޳ȥ
ڼƻУԶûеЩ۹󽫳ֵʱͷ޵Ŀֲƻᱻ״ݻ٣ʱ롣
ûõģ
Զļ̳ϣ̫ȻһЦ
ΪԪľô׻𣿡
ĩվޣ
֯һ磬һռ
ԸЩģϾЧ̫ͣЩ޵ǹ룬ɱʥ侳ǿ߶ԵֵƶĳǱֻҪѪͿһֱսȥ
һֱռǵ鱨Ϊڽ޾ţⲻ֪̫ʵһֱڻЩĩվޡ
ϹšԶţ̫ţµĴ˵ǿǿľҲֵסǵŰɱ
ЩЩĩվ޵ֻƬצݣЩ˳ΪӤ
ƻҪţƾЩĩվ޾Ի磬ȻҪǡ
Ҵû˵ֻһͷ
̫ԶЦЦǿƽı͸һëȻ
¡¡
ƺڻӦ̫أһһ޴𶯴ӵص

̶ʱڣӶľӵصŷ
䣬˵ĿУһһѣͷɽͰĺɫ޴ӵ˶ͷ­ڱա

һɲ㾲ʿһͷͷɽͰľޣҪͣˡ
ͷ
̶һɲǣսϾȻаͷֲֿľޣ
һͷԶԸͷޡ˵جΡ
һɲ׹ѡ

ֻһ˻һ̣ʮӰĻ¶ЩݺύڱգҲסս

Ĳҽ쳹սʿ˲ȼϵ׻ϵĵȫȼ鲼ա
һ
Щ޳ֺ󣬲̶ʱ䣬˶ʱﵽһ˵֡
ͬʱ½ޱңԶʱ֮սҲ˵ظ췭ı仯
һƬУ忴ǳ
Щǳ޵У࣬Ѹٱ仯ΪһƬǺӣһлݱ䣬Ǻģһҫ۵ĺǶȻΧư
仯忴ԭյгԽԽĶݱ䣬ϲĶ
棡
һɲ΢𣬶Ȼʲô
쾹Ȼģ浮Ḷ́
Ԫ֮ǰһֱи룬̽޾棬Ϥǧءڱ΢ѡʮֱ̫ҲڴªǸ֪ڵ磬ʵи硣ǰǳ籩ʱ޾֪ıʡ
ԭڴϴ֮󣬽Ϊ磬ǨУǨеĸɽأΪһȫµ磬޳Ϊ͡


ڶǧİ սʮһ
ԭ޵ʼղ˵ʲô޷ɣǺνֺȴвȫһ㶫͡Դһ㣬Ҫлл㡣
չⰵ仯·ӹϺ޷ʶķλ
ˣ
˵ʱ½磬һӴɽƾʧٳֵʱѾǾǧС
ɽ䣬ܿһſŲһֻֻ֦Ծȸһεɽͣʹɽϵѡ
ֹˣƬ̣һƬƬ½ءһݡӶԽԽĶƬգһжǴ޵У˲ɡ
һĻ嶼ޱȡ
ͣ
첻ֹ˵˵ѣ뽫½Ϊʵۡ
һķӣľһ㡣
źվԸΪ޵ѣȻˣ޾Ϊµĵһ벽Ʒ
䣡
䣬һһ˶ʯ̳͵س˹
һɲضΪһƬ磬ǴĿĹâգ
ֹˣ֮ǰٵ΢ʦʯͬʯӴʮֹʯڲһŨҵĿռ䲨֮ŤйһƬҡ
忴һĻɫ޳һ̧йӰգۼ䣬ĸߵȼ۳һɫǹճǹȻһƿնеʯǱɫǹ̺ӴȻ˿ǿʯ
һͨͨ
ȻھϺ࣬Ϊ벽䣬ãѾ˿֮¡ֹˣʱ䣬ľͶѳѣپκʽʽ
䣡
ȻŸһ֣û˿ף˸һ£һ̣Ͷȥɫǹ˲ֻصǰֹˣɫǹȻͷԾٶԼ
ʱ֮
Ƥһ֪ʯԶеô򵥡
첻ֹʯи˿ռ֮ʱ֮κιʯʽױߵԼ
䣡
Ƭ̵ʱǿȼյľ޴ʯҲű仯ֻչâһԲǧɵڣʱ仯ȻǿŴʯҲ˲գֱӳͷԾ˵ٶȥ
ֹˣһʯû䣬âһڶšʯŴ˹
ˣ
һĻɫһݣȴûκξ£ͬʱ̥ͬʱ֣һөĹâɶΪһâӿΧΪһƬʱ⾻ء
ֻʱܶԿʱ⣬ڿʱľǿǰκʽѾʧȥ壬Ƕ쾳ǿߣҲܱʱ֮ת
жǿԼܵĴ˾ж
ıӵеǿƾһ㣬ڲ֮ء
飡
Ϊһ壬ͬʱһ죬ʳֱָӻ˵һʯ
Ѿ֮ܳΪʯˣ
ΪĿУֻһںʱ֮Ͷ֮ӵš
岢ûѡӲӲѡһָšʯṹĵط
ǧ̻֮Ѩ
ǧ
꣬ǿԻɽصľ޴ʯûüκƻǰΪһ̣ҷ
һлֻǿʼһ̣֣бòÿһ˸һʯΧûо춯صıըֻСʱ֮Լ򵥵ķʽӸԴƻЩʯṹĹ
һţţšɰǧʯӸȫͥŲ㻯Ρ
죬Ӧ̶ֳ֪ȵĹԸҡ

һ䣬˲Ƭյ룬̥ԡ
ˣ˫ֽӡȻסϵԯʥ
ֻһ죬·һĻǰʱһΧеǳ£ڵƣȫһѣһεΪģ˷ɢȥ
ɲǼ䣬վҲ·ʱ⵹ǳʼѸСâΪһ㣬ʧںڰС
һжʱָֻһƬ޵״̬
ʱ⵹
徹ȻƬеֱת
Ȼ廹ûа취ʱ鲼գѾ㹻Ĵ͡
ž
ޱȼž
ĳ֣Щȼյʯ޷˳ɣҵĹҲʹ˴ϡ
ڳѵõƽ
忴ûпһۣĿζԯʥĵط
ڴ͵ʱһУһɫĻȻ֡
ϣһûмӣĿϣϷ
ֻһۣ֪ı壡
ĿȻȻ¶ĸ߰κԺ˵Ļһ˫
ƺƻƺ̺Ԫܣأ
̫ഫˣʱ䣬û֪嵮ʱ䡣ݻ̫磬ɱ̫ݽһ㣬ʺ飬κ˶ðˡ
⡣
ɫϣüͷһ£ƺҲû뵽徹Ȼ˻󣬱Ƴı塣
ʵĻҪǿȷʵӵս޵ʸ񡣡
ϵ¡¡ףؼ죬ɫıϣ컺վ
¡¡ɲǣضɽҡλ·ܲסž𶯡
꣬ĿУһɫļƬɳԶ壬סļظȸطγһױεļС
ϣڤڤУһɫĳ߳ȻƿնûС
ֻ˲Ϣ䣬Ȼһ䣬ʥͬʱһӴϢһ̵ֻһվͷ·İ㣬ۡ
ˣ֣ҲȻһ·һӴѹѹϷնȻࡣ
ʵüУʳ¼̫ռ䣬ֻ칬¼ʱûκס
һμս̬Ȼ콫Լ˶ԵȵλϣԴ
ֻ꣬һ˲û˿ԥٻֻսףֹˣ̥ҲƵսףõԯ֮ʯ󣬻õס
Ѿܾûֵóֵˣ壬԰޽ǿʽ˽
Ӵ쳹λ档
ǧ֮
Ǻ쳤Ǳĳ߳Ȼزǰıϡ


ڶǧİ սʮ
¡
ɲǼ䣬ͬ⿪ĳַӡ󣬹Ӱã˲ϼ⣬һǧ֮ߵӴӰȻϡʥǵӰʮ
ǵӴӰӳ£˵Ϣθһأͬ㣬ȻַһֲηӴѹ
¡
ӴӰֵͬʱ߿жȻ־޴ӰУУһӰɵĽ£˲·̥
죬̫ˣ
ֻԵʱ򣬲֪һжô¡
Ķ֣˿иս׵ʱѾ׼Ȼȴûκô
һó˼άĸ֪Уܣֹˣ𶯵ĻһĿκνͬԸоһ򹹳ɵġ
ͣ
ϵֻս׼᲻ɴݣԳ֮Ϊؼǿս֮һȻֻһϵֻսϾͳһѺۡ
Ľ۴·һֱ쵽󸹣һͽֻս׳˺ѡ
̺ͺɽ͵һ𣬺ݺײӴ̥ȫײɡ
Ȼֻһ˲Ͷ
ǿ
գ졣
ⲻһκ콻֣ı֮ǿ̫̫ˡ
ԭΪԼﵽ벽䣬̥֮ʵӦڲ֮䣬һףԼĻҪǿ
Ԥ֮ӣȻס޵ĵһС㻹ô𣿡
ޱȣؼ
֮ŭ
δ䣬ϢȻʧһ̧ͷŷɫϣ첻֪ʱʧˡ
ɫ󷽣ǵӴǧɸߵӰٴ仯
ӰྐྵȻһģһӴӰ
oӰ·ӵ㣬ȻͬʱǵֱͬʱǧɳӰɵĳͬʱָա
꣬һɫ׵ޱȣ˳û޾ĸ߿
ֹˣһɫ׵˳ųû߿ͬʱ޴ӰһȻ۾˫׵ģ˿Ŀͬʱ塣
ˣ
û˿ףֻһεͬʱһɲǣвһּǿҵΣոС
ʣѾԼ
Ѿûܵʱˡ
¡
Ϸһ޴ɫնС󣬼ٳϿգ϶̺޾κΪ֮ݡ
ǡ΢ռ䣡
ֻһۣʱ΢΢ɫ
һУȻֱӴһ΢ͨǵ΢ռ䣬ΪǸɫնУ̺ԶԶԽ΢ĸߵȼ

ֻһ˲޾ɫ淭ţӿն֮籡ȻΪһֻɫľ޴ƣ·ݺѹ
ֻƵֱȻﵽʮԶԶԽֻ޴ɫֱǰͬһ΢һ㣬֮Уеָס·ȫ
Ƿ쵸ٵɫ棬ֱ۵ı棬γһϺɫۼף
̧ͷʱܹ͸ɫն޴ɫֱۺ󷽣һֲޱ޼ʵӰ
ۻ
ǿ
ޱȵǿ
ɫĻĻ棬̺Ӵʱ䡢ռ򣬸ǿĲܹӵеġ
һ̣ɫأ˲ףһֻɫֻУԼ굽壬׵ĻҷԶʧ֮С
¡¡
ռ𶯣ɫµٶԶԶʱ䲻ˡ
羻
ʱ˿̣̫ص˴ʱһĻȻͻףɫ棬Ԫ֮ǰ족ġ羻𡱡
е
ӹûκ˿Բֻ棬֯ľݱ֮Ħ֮𣬶ͼİ汾
֮ǰƾֲֿɨ֪λ͵ˡ
ǿĴڣǰҷ
ΪֹûκܹһУ
գʱȣ
·̧ͷ죬ƺҲͻȻ¶ĳ־ġ
䣡
һ̣ڣһӴȻΪΪģΧǧɵľڣͻȻ֮ƾյǧ
еʵʣÿһֱϣ׼վ޴ɫ֡
ǧ
ǵа˴壬ʮѧȼĿѧֻľΪʩչѺͷײͬն
ϣ
ֻһ˲㵮˵ڶȦȻǵȦȦΧʮķΧڣȫ飬ߴʮ
еֻ֮âһЩ鲼յӭ籩ǣÿһӴʮΪһ׼ա
ĳ̶ֳϣֲֿѾ㲻ǧˣǧռ汾
һлԶûֹͣ
֮
ַųڵġ컯հ汾ɲǼ䣬һվĵطΪģƬգʮ֮ڣȻһ̫ͼڰףμͬɫͰһ㡣
ӴķΧֱľ
ȫı𣿡
쵭Į¡¡ףϷû˿Ĳܡǧġ֮ǶֻǷ׵׵ѧǻǿ󣬵ִ˵벻˷ۡ
ֻǿֻ·һ
Ȼȴͣδţʼ޶ԡ
գ˵ʱ
ˣ
û˿ףһ̣ƺƣġ֮Ȼ磬޾ԭͻȻܿƵɶӿ뵽ʮƣ֮С
һ˲䣬춼ɫ
ʱͬʱһžѧ
Ϸ
ˣ
һⴹ£ΧķΧڣͻȻֳССĽɫӣÿһΧһɫӡ
Щӭǣÿһ𶼱ٱͬһɽһ㣬գķһ㣬һּĳ
Ϸ
̫Ԫǰͨ
һ̣Ѿ֮ǰ֮
ǧ
֮
Ϸ

ѧڶΪһѴﵽһ룬һ磬ɽͰ޴ķֳ֮Уֻһзʧˣؼֻʣһͷӣ
һͷߴɣʮں϶ɵģͷ۾޴󡰷֮òϡʥׯأһֹϵϢһ֮ϵĿ
ͷ޴ķӣͶԣѾµɫִﵽͬһ
ǿķӵɲǣ춼Ϊ֮𶯣
ޣ

彫һѧڻ֮ͨ


ڶǧİ սʮ
䣡
ķУͷ޴ķ֮һ޴ֱͬʱͬţӭµɫ֣ǿֲġ羻𣡡
֮һ˲Ӵҵײһ
¡¡
û˿һɲǵײɽХѳԽ˷ߵֻ꣬һ˲족磬˵ʱԹױˡ
һ޴ѷ죬Ծ˵ٶȳ˷
ȫǹѾܹɵļޣ
ֻһգۣƺƣͬʱԭʧĵطٴʱպλ
ɫͽɫºŸʱʧһСλ桢СԪϵıѣգۼֻص֮ǰǰӣͺʱ䵹һ
һжڲϵıã
һ籩Хţգܡ
ֻսףգ͸Ļҷ籩һ۾Ϳ˶Уġ족Ŀ֮Ҫҫ۵ļ˲ұӡ
֮ǰȣ족˺ܴı仯
Ȼ켫Σл¶һ𺳡
ûԴﵽֵزǰ칬УķҪǿӦԣȻѾﵽֵزԺı࿹⣡
磬Ҳ˵Ľг׵Ļˣ
Ȼ廹ܻҲûܹвֵܹġ֮ŭ͡羻𡱣Ѿ˼ˡ
һ̣ͻȻףǰ꣬ԶеĻҪ£ǿö࣡
ռž˭Ҳû˵ȴ˼ž
û뵽µӣѧȻֵܹزޣСˣ
족Ŷ壬βסɱ
̫ǿˣոմﵽ벽䣬ʱ䣬Ӧôǿ
ܹӳǿʵֱֲ
Ķ֣ĵˣֻҪһʳѰ
ԽǿԽ޷̣ԽҪɱ
һۡ㹻ˣҪڶ
ϣ
âһ족šսס˲ʧգٳڵʱѾͷе׳һөĹâ弲ն¡
˷еĻ籩ڡ족ʹ£ͬʱϯ
䣡
ķӦ죬ǡ족ġʥնµͬʱ˲ʧԭأͬһʱеԯʥնһĽʱͷ족
Ȼգ족壬ȴʲôҲûзͺ񴩹һ㡣
о족ǻ󣬶ʵ塣
ͬʱͣһϸ΢ХӶдԯʥһݿգ족еġʥȴֻսףġ
ǣǰûаӰ
ಣ
巴Ӧ죬ʯѾ˷ӦɱǱУֹˣڳеɲǣһģ˴ĻԵȻ
һֻǴݻֻףҶ꣬嶼ӵŵĻ
Ȼֻһ˲һ㵭ӫ⣬ĺģеĵطͬʱ⵹һ㣬ϵֻףȻۿɼٶѸٻָԭ״ֹˣ챬ǹĻԽҲһŵĽų⡣
죬ֻŻʱ򡣡
ĿһͻȻڵ
벻ôͷˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ժ
жûеʥȷʵǳķⲢܹΨһԭ
ϵֻսײûս׵״̬ǳ⣬Ӵ֮ʯУ˲ϣ̲һǳɣмһ״̬
ǽϵֻս׻ݵǸ״̬Ȼеĳĺġ
ⱾǲӦóֵģҲܹõõ
յȴؼʱ֮ʱıʣй֮ϵߴڡ
ǰûвõġ
ͣ
Ȼں˵ֵĶȴҲû˿ԥգ֮䣬һֻ֣һΣһͬʱӸǴȥ
ֹˣʱ֮һֻսϣָÿһλöһȱڡ
ͣѪ䣬ͬʱʥˣֻһ˲ϵָ
ͬʱĽ⣬ǻԵһαų⡣
Ǻˡ
ƿʱ֮Ҳͬ
̫ǿˣ廹ûôǿΪԿôӴʱ֮彫ʱֱ֮ԼڣҷΧ˵ļλ
һʱ֮ϵģ΢˼㣬ȴͬԵֵĹ
ǧ
д÷СС÷̣һӺܾ֮ǰѾס
䣬̶ʱڣһһʱ֮ǿʱ֮вϵıը
˵սĳ̶ֳѾԽܹļޡ
еĹϣѾȫãȥյӰ
еӰһֱۣһǰһ½ǡ
˺ʱ֮У˵Ӱ
Ҳȫƣ칥ͬʱеԯʥҲ쵽£һһĽͬʱ֮ݺύ
ʱ֮ϵֻսףҲͬϵսϡ
ֻǺķʽֱͬսףսԼ¶϶ĽһԵĸߵȼֻҪ͸׵ķ϶С
۸սɺͶã廹죬Ѿۣκ̾Ϊֹ
кüΣ춼뾡취Ҫ̴ͷ­׵ĴݻǲôҲιܹĵˮ©
ڣһɼ͵ÿһζڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣֵסһҽʱ֮ų⣬ʹĹڹؼʱ̹һ
ˣ죬ڶʱҪ壬Ҳ
֮ӣʵȷʵǿֻǿϧҲ޷ıˡＫֵΣȵ֮սֳʤ½ϵսѽ޵ľƻҲɹɣ
ʱޱȣ
䣡
չâ仯գ֮䣬ʾһ⾰ͻʴԭϣ˫սĳ
ֻһͷͷӴĩվޣսϷɱȻƴȫҲǶ֣ʿϵ¡
壬ЩѵľӣԶܺ࿹⡣Ҫ˶ãеľӣͻȫݻٴ
˵ʱ򣬾ʼε塣
ΪϣΪ¡
ѾһʹּƲԸ壬֮ǰ칬ʱˡ
һ࣬һͷͷͷֲĩվޣƤ͵һ£ɫޱȣȻʧǣֻһ˲ͻָ糣
սսʿһЩսʿΪ˻㣬Ϊ磬˵ǿġ


ڶǧİ սʮģ
һ㣬ս֮ǰ˾Ѿ׵
һɫܿ죬廰һתЦ
⣬һ㣬¸˵̫ˣ
սԶûнսܵģ²һҡп㣬Լţ㴴Ǹν֯
ɲֻһֱ׼
侲ޱȣӦ
䣡
˵ʱһΣԺ֮һԵĽͬʱ˲ı䷽һͬĽʱ췴ȥ
ˣ
ĻƤ͵һ£ƺʲô
𣿿ƺһЩֶûʹãô˵Щڴˡ
䣬˵ʱʱ䲨һɵĹ⻪өһ㣬ɢӰŤһ£˾һ˲Ĺ
޾ͿҪλ޵ţ
¡
һ䣬Ȼһʱշ籩˷ӿ
ڳֵͬʱڷ籩룬еʥһ٣ֱָգ漴ս仯
һĸкȻһķ̶ʱ䣬Ѿﵽ12
ʵǿޱȣֶ12ÿһǿޱȣһּǿѹ
սȻϢ
ˣеĳһָһɹǿʵʣ塣
ͫһܿͻָ糣
ͬʱһΣһөĹâڱŷգ֮࣬һһģһ˲֣Ȼǵĸ
ʱ֮
гֵʮ죬ķǴӺ嫵ʱУͬʱȡʮԼٽϲֵĸߵȼں϶ɡ
۳ʮ˿Լһģһûκβ죬УȴԿһӫĽɫ˿߹ᴩգʮһ
侳µǿ˵ǲģ˵ֻҪôģͿ編ƣͬı仯
ˣ
һֹͣĶ棬Ȼʮһģһ壬ÿһ϶һһģһֻսס
ʱ֮Զûô񣬵ƾԣҲͬȡʮԼķ
սеֵزѾû˿Ԥ֮սˡ
кصĹһѾȫá
̫ʼٳǰսʸûС
ɣ
ĿѩŶʮ졣
䣡
һ̣켸ͬʱݶ˴ˡ
ʮʮ壬ԳԽ˼άٶмսһ
¡¡֮˵ս׷ױѣκΪ֮ɫ䣬η

޾ʱսһʱһ࣬ңԶ½ϣŵսҲе˰ջĵز

һ˻Žʯײս
һͷһͷĩվޣŻԵҽȵĻͬڵĽѸս
ֹˣǹ̵Ļײϣһͬʱһıը

һĲҽУ࣬ǱٳɻҽǱըգ˼ء
Ӵľ󣬿ХţûзŹᣬβĩվеɱȥ
ɱɱɱ
ĸߴ׳˶绢Ⱥ㣬¾һʿ
̶ֳҲҺΪУ
սϣһԡѪȭͷһʿųߵ
߸ϣЩƾʲôΪУ
ǵۣҺԵ³
ɱһ
󷽣ɫᣬǰƽǾĵطصʬ塣
ʬѳɽѪɺӣ
ս
ЩֻΪս˵ǰĳѾΡ
źĩվϣѾݻһһΪÿ֮˳˯Զ˵ȥһУͺһ

ӿʼڣ̶̵ֻʱ䣬ѾʿⳡսԶκĻҪпöࡣ
᧿ΣΪ
һ࣬Ľ쿴һĻ۾ˡ
ˣȴûκ˺ˣеʿһ̶ս
׼ôˣԷ𣿡
󷽣̫ٱͷҲص
У漰ķΧ̫㣬ҪﵽһЧͱʹַʽǲǶʱڿɵġ
ǰʹãǿܿǰԷľӶһ񡣡
飬ҪĲһһصĵʧĴǶʧˣཫڡ
ĺǳе𡣡
ʱһԱߴߵĸ죬һųޱȵ˹ǰꡣ
òͬĹ٣ҲΪˣκ£Զܹǣͺ񵱳Ϊ˱ȫ˹ص۹ѡԥԼ
ѵûİ취𣿡
õ
ԷֶαĻҪ£֮ǰռϢ֮УûᵽЩɽͰľޡ
ĬƬ̺
֮ǰ֪̫пٴһ֧޾ţ޾źǰĩվȫͬһ
һͷĩվ޾ѾԽ֮ս֧޾ˣͷĩվޣټϴκ˶Ӵ֡
˵ʱսѾ˾޴ı仯
𣡡
һ춯أ˵ĿУ𶯣ԶԶģһ޴ĺӰлһ޴ĻߣȻһͷĩվޡ
ʯ䣬˿ͷ޴ͨ峤˺ĳëȻһͷ׸ߵĽվԳ
䣡
ֻһ죬ͷɽĽվԳһݺݵһĩվ޵ͷ­ˡ
Ǽ䣬䣬ͷվԳӴޱȣһضҪˡ
˻
ͷĩվޣޱȣҲҵþ˻һһͷ­ҵҡһ¡
վԳ֮սõĵһͷƤҲΪõʳľں֮ɽʵдĵһֽվԳ
ã
һĻʿʱʿ
Ǿ޾ţǾ޾ţ
꣬Ȼû˼Щޣǹ̫Щ޵Ĵţ˽һֱݡ
еʿ֪һֱһ֧ܵľɽ֮ͼЩֲ񻰾ޡ
Щڵǳˡ
Ȼֻһ˲һŭͷվԳݺͷ­ĩվȻ
ֻĩվ͵һͷ­ſѪڣһںݺҧסͷվԳȻͷ­ȿֺ󣬷׷ҧס˽վ˵ͷ­ֱۺɡ
䣬ĩվ޵ļͷ­ͬʱǹɿµվԳ˺ķѡ
ĩվ޵һͷ­͵һȵĻ棬ڻĳһ棬סվԳҵıը
ɲǼ䣬ֻŨ̹ͷո˳ĽվԳһʬܵȼţͬ𻨰׹䡣
ͻȻı˶ʼϲôһǣսһƬš


ڶǧİ սʮ壩
սһ̫࣬ء̫ϡ̫һĻҲȻһЦ
Ϊ׼ʲôԭҲˡ
ǲ࣬ʳ۹ľںǴȥģֵͨ͵ȵԿĩվޣôܣ
׼Щ̫ص˵ľǰŪȡ衣
嵱õʳľںʼʱ̫ҲЩģɳҪȥ̽еʵֻϧıܹ̫á
ʱ䣬̫ظûеõκõϢ
ڿ죬ǵĶվС
⵽ô£
ʱ򣬴룬̫ٱҲһĻʶתͷһԵ˹ǰꡣ
˲ã˲ɣ޾ţ˵Ԥϣ徹Ȼ˴̫꣬ٱö֪е顣
ˣҲ֪ı꣬ںֻǰôһͷޡ
Ҳû뵽дƷȻôûãһ¶ס
ֻһЦȻ
дƷ
һע⵽˴껰еϢ
ţʱȣ˵һЩûɣԾͽЩдƷǰ˹

𣡡
˵ʱʱ죬ûҪһ£ܿ죬䣬Ű˻Ӵ󷽴ע⡣
û˷ӦڵһͷվԳ˺󲻾ãâһһӴĺӰ͵һͷĩվ޵ϡ
һ˿ͻȻֵĵڶӰȻҲһͷëɭɭĽվԳ͵һͷվԳͬͷվԳθӸߴ󣬻ᣬһӲʯһ㣬ӵǿҲӵľб
Ҫǣ͵һͷվԳͬͷվԳͷţȻһס
վԳķͼǿٴЩƵĺףǿ˼㡣
䣡
ͷվԳһ֣о޴ģˮװݺͷĩվϡ
ȻһлԶûн
໣
𶯣ͺĳźһڵһͷ׵ĽվԳֵͬʱԶӶĺӰͬһڿնսЩɽͰĩվȥ
飡
һʱ䶼սǰˣ֮һͷĩվϣٶʮͷӴĽվԳϡ
ЩվԳһ֣Щĩվ޷˷Ĺ
໣
һͷվԳɫ򶨣͵ſѪڣݺݵҧĩվ޵һͷ­ϡ
һͷվԳᣬë׸ľ޴ֱۣ͵̽ĩվ޵һ޴Ƭ£ȻӴݺ˺
޴ʹͷĩվҲʹ˻
ĽվԳͷĩվϣַͨʽ죬צõǹķʽȫĹͷĩվޡ
ĩվ޵ʵǿǿֱӴݻһ۹ɱֻͨӶԡ
ЩվԳսеʳ۹Ƶľ޴ݻٹڶĵ۹
ʮͷӴޱȵĽվˣͬʱЩĩվޣǶںųĩվ˵Ҳӵмв

ֻսǰˣʮͷվԳĹ£һͷĩվ޷ҡ壬ʹĺС
Ÿͷ­ķ񷴻£߰ͷվԳɱвٵĽվԳˣͨ࣬ЩվԳķ̶ǿࡣ
ϵ׺ޱȣҲһķá
ΪӴϵҲܹӸĺ󷨣ʮͨʿס
ֹˣ޵ķҲɱ˲ٽվԳսıԵĴ󷽣ȻԴԴϵĽվԳ߸ڵһ㣬սеЩĩվޡ
һͷͷͷԽԽĩվϳ˴ĽվԳ
ЩվԳĹ£һ޴ĳǽս֮Уͷĩ޵Ĺ衣
ڶվԳĹҲûЧ໣ֻһҽУһͷĩվһ޴ƬȻͷվԳȻӲĽҿѪӿ
һĻԶ̫ء̫ϡ̫Լڶ߶ˡ
Щ޼Ѵ죬ôܴôޣ
ֻһͷվԳ߰ʮͷ̫ص˵أ벻ǵķۡ
ǶЩվԳԶԶ룬֯һ㡣
˿ս֮ǰû뵽ġ
ǲܣԷھںǻǿĻϴԴȫп
ʱһֱûôڵ̫ͻȻ˵ˣɫޱȡ
˵仰ʱ̫ʶƳǰ̫ء
һԵ̫ԣƺҲʲôһ˫üͷ
֯к;ص鶼ǽ̫ظ仰ҲζǸԤ̫֮֮ⷽϡ
֮ǰֻ⵱һЦһЦ֮
ڣ˶֪ǸԤ֮һ磬ҪԽ̫أǲܡ
̫δ֪ͱˡ
̫û˵˵ĻȻףڲǿʱ
ôĽվԳѾԶ֯Ųвֹôеĩվޡţ֯ܵ޴Ӱ졣
ԶĩվޣȫԸЩվԳ
̫кһͻȻ
ֻ֯ЩԶϺͽվԳƣҲӵм޴ҲֻеЩԶֹվԳ
ˣ
̫ص־һεľɢս
̶ֻʱ䣬ǰսѾٴη仯
ɱɱɱ
޵У
һɱ춯أЩվԳս󣬲Ƭ̣һӰֳؽؼףȻڴ֮С
Щʿÿһ׳˶ǳս󣬸ûܵսǾֱ˰ͷգֲޱȵĩվޡ
¾ߣ
ⳡսؼʱ򣬴ƷԥЩ¾ߡ
飡
һһ¾߼翸ؽĿ㣬ǰͷյĩվޣ·˶ʱڵ
󣬸ľ¾ڿնžɱȥ
Դͳһ½󣬾¾߾ʵѾûдڵıҪΪʳ۹ľ޾Ѿˡ
岻ûвó¾ߣǵרųһ¾߾ţܺųƾţΪ¾ߵҪΪϸԵΪֹŵûдﵽʮ
䣡
еľ¾߷ϣ䵽Щϡ
𣡡
ĸߴ׶ߣվһͷͷͨҵΪĿ
ؼףеȸ־޽ҫĿޱȣͷܶսҲΪĿ
˸һϣ
ҵޱȣӴ쳹ս
ۣ
δ䣬ҵ߾еȸ־޽ݺݲͷ
ЩĩվӴ󣬼Խ֣ӴԣǿľѧɵĴҲǳޡ
սʤζ޷սʤ
ҵ˵ܻ϶ʱ䣬ҪŬʹۣͬˮĥֻҪܹɱЩޣôһж⡣


ڶǧİ սʮ壩
໣
һʹĺ쳹ս¾ߵļ룬ټڶĽվԳսϵѸٵõ˸Ĺۡ
رҵĴڣ½ǵͨҵηܵʿľҲʹΪ֮ʿڡ
ɱ
ʿĿ㣬ŷȥ½ıţȫ뵽ⳡս֮С
ս쳣ļң
һĻսеҲˣÿһͷĩվ϶飬ϰĽվԳǿߡ
ĩվ޲ֹ쳣ǿսź֯˵ӵҪ塣
ΪľƻĩվִС
𣡡
һԶŭХţʱ˸ԵĶ֣ŰͷĩվϵͽվԳȥ
Ǽ䣬˫ҵսһ
վԳԶҵײ¾ҲսڸַĹ£ͷĩվҲЩңſͷ­³һҽҲܵӰ죬ʼҵա
һлԶûнʱ䣬׼ԶֹЩվԳ
̶ʱ䣬һغһͷͷԶЩƵӰսϡ
ЩӰԶһﵽʮɸߣؼף渽ССģǰʿһС
ȻЩӰƣȴżĲͬ
ЩӰȫͷۣ
ǵÿһֱ۶ᣬĸ˺ϱô֣ÿһ˶ͷ­ϸȥЩͷ­ȴûһףʨͷǱͷϬͷ侪ˡ
ǵĿ׺ݣڳŻһеǿŰ
ʲô
ЩδֹĿֲ̫Ҳ̲סƤΪ֮ݡ
û˱ó켼̫ûȻܹ
˵࣬ǰ࣬˵ǶҲȫĶЩͷ­ֱô£
ôģ
̫Ͽǰŵ
ҪĲ˵ǷͲô׿ƣرǻͷ­ǿҵĶﱾܺǵҲ֡
ͷڿЩ
ʱ̫ؿˡ
˻ûоͬΪ̫ʹЩڸо˻֮ͷϢ
޵ľӴޱȣƱ޵
֣
̫ɫ
ΣǱȡʤٵԪؿһ磬
ǣˣ
̫صӦǡ
̧ͷ棬ϢȻһ䣬һɱսϱ
ǹӴնŤ
֯Ĺл˴ߣЩ̫صҲ˶١
һӴκ˶Ժӵ
̫ϡ̫ǶˣֻʤܰܣԪ𣡡
̫س
սڣ̫صѾʼĴݣࡣ
ӴľӣվԳЩͷ۵ĹǸ֮ӺԪ࣬׼ıκĶҪ֣֯ˣ˵֧ӣδ
˵ѾǵΪֹ춼ûгսҲζţǳսԶԼҪѺͼҡ
ף
̫Ϻ̫һһң˵ͷһɹӴں
ͬʱսһˣõҲоϢı仯
ʩˣ׼ս
öȻڵ
δ䣬һ뿪ǰȥһͽҲһͬǰսȥ
Զĵط³֥˼˳ͬ޴󽫰˼˹ش󽫾Ϥŵ߹»گ󽫾θȫ½Ĵȫǰƽ
ϴ峤Ҳ׼ְɣ
ͬʱսһа˿۴䣬Զ̫صˣ΢΢һЦͻȻڵ
ţ
˴峤ֻǵ˵ͷа̤գһǰȥ
ӿʼڣս༤ңа˺˴峤ûг֣Ϊľһ̡
̫ء̫Щֱ̫ǿߣʵǿ󣬱ȥǣƣԸǡ
¡¡ɳɱ죬˫ĵսԽļҡ
Ʒеľȫѹȥ֯ǱҲͬˡ
еѾȫͶս
ˣ
ƺƣһǿʱղͬˮһ㣬ͻʴԭɢҵսϣµĹ⻷𺳲ѣ𲻶ϢҲȻ½һء
Ȼûеɲ׵ķӳһ̣һʱղ϶ʱղײһΡ
սϿգ̫ɫһ䣬棬ھĵطһӰ۴䣬һڣȻ֮ƾճ֣аˡ
̫أ
аŶ棬ڵ
ߣ֮
̫һĿеͲм
֮£Ϊϣջ꣬ղһҪɻ𣬻Ϊ
аһƵᣬ˿Ϊ
λ̫Ҳɫ΢䡣
өǹ⣬Ҳǹ⣬֮ʱЩ仹ֻ΢ӡҪϵƾʲô뱾ΪУ
̫ɱ
룡
̫صваȴһȻһֻ
һ̣һǿҵʱղ˵μͬʱʧս֮С
쾳ǿߵսԶǳֻܹƬ֮䣬˾Ѿʱҽ֡
ͬʱսһ࣬һ΢絴Ӱһ
һ̫ϣһ˴峤
ȻҲͻƵ˶쾳
̫Ŷ˴峤ˣɫ΢΢Щ𶯡
ΪԤ֮ӵĹϵа˺˴峤֯صעĶ
ǰа˻˴峤ûдﵽ쾳˫˫ͻƣⲻ̫ܲΪ֮ݡ
һʱһʱҲӦ֮
˴峤һƽ
ߣҲҵ㲻ո̤붴쾳ѣҿʲô£˵ֻ
δ䣬̫϶Ȼ֣һɺɫ͸żΪǿҵʱղ͵ĳϮȥ
ڳֵͬʱһ͸ʱձݣ˲ס˴峤ε档
䣡
Ȼֻһ˲һͬǿʱղ˴峤ڱŷ̫ǿʱ֮˲߽ˣͬʱ˴峤̫ϾС
һ˲ͬʱʧ֮С
쾳ǿֵ߽ǿ˴峤Ҳаһѡ˽ʱⲨս
ֶ̫԰ɣ
һ࣬ͼҲͬʮֱ̫е̫
˲ͬΪ쾳Ķǿߣͼܾ֮ǰͻƿ˵ڶֱ̫ӵļ;飬ֲΨһĶ̰塣
̫λֱ̫еĶǿߣͼȴ˿塣
ʮֱ̫У̫ʼ̫֮ϣͼ̫ʼ˿޾壬˵̫
Ҳ̫ˣûô࣡
ͼŵ̬ȣ̫ڱŭˡ
ͿˣиģݺݽѵЩΪǵɣ
ͼЦδ䣬̫֣Ȼȳ̫ȥ
䣡
̶̵ʱ䣬˽֣һɹɻصϢڱܿ죬һʱͨ򿪣ѸУʧ


ڶǧİһʮ ֶΣ
ɱɱɱ
˫ǿߵĳѸ˫ֱ̫ǿʧ֮󲻾ãһѸɱս
Щ˵ٶȼ죬ǿ쵽㣬֮Щ˸ǿ˲ֹһսŰܿɼΪصĺ
֪ͨǣԳˣ
ʱ򣬴꿴ǰսͻȻڵ
һδս½еݵǿߣ۹˹أҲиԵĶǿߡЩ˻Ȳǿô࣬ĸּȻǸС
֮ǰЩûսΪԷһ
ݣ
ֻͷܶĸǰͺ̣ܿս
ɱ
һɱ춯أĶϸ굶鲼ս˸֡ʿ˲ϵ£Ѫһ㣬ڴʣѪսͻʴԭһ̱һӴĽ
˼侪ˣ
ã³ͺķ˶ս
𣿡
Хʱս󷽣˭ҲûпһӰ糤ǹעǰ
εְӻ˫ʣȴκ˶Աġ
κ佫;۷ʣ̫ٱãӰǰҲҪѷɫࡣ
ƾ
Σǧϵһսʱӹⳡս
ϸȥͻᷢԣִ飬Ȼﵽʮ֮ࡣ
Ϊ׼λͳ˧ⳡսǰڵָ̫ٱãڣǴƾ
սѾ뵽ڣ̫ٱѾ̤սȻӹս
սϾĵģǰҵսʲôҲûзԶʱ콻̸֣ܺ
ǽֻһ˲һϤս
ˣ
侲ޱȣҴԴͷϿǴӴƾϷġ
ϸȥͻ֣ᷢһļΪ΢겨Ǵ΢겨
и֮
쵱̫صַֻԼϡ
ս֮ǰôӹӼѧ֮һƬĸϡ
ı޾ʱ콻֣ǿ¾춼֪ʵսϵķչһֱָơ
ʱˣͽʦˣ

ţ
˵ͷû˿ƴǣⱾǼƻ֮еġ
ǰ׼Σ
ٴοڵֻһȴǶԱ߲ԶһӰ˵ġ
ҪǲףڴսһҲѾʱǷʲôҲѾֹˡ
һԱ߻ӦǱˣͼˣ
⣬ѾյһźţһѾ׼ֻˡ
ʼɣһսܷȥͿǽжˡ

һ㣬֯ǰͷĩվô죿
ĬƬ̿ڵ
еĽվԳ¾ߣЩ¥ޣȫսǴĿǰսɲֹۡ
ܹЩ˵Ȼһ޴Σв
һҶѾ׼׵ʦֻܷĩվ޽

ԣٶ˵
ˣҰɣ
飡
Ŀһ͵һǰ̤һɲضɽҡͻʴԭϵϢҲҵҡ·綼ƺܲסһŵľ

һ̤ͬʱХһ޴սȻ߸߾𣬴ս롣
ĲЩãɷڣսֻм򵥵һ֡
գ
սȫչɲǣһη̲εҫϢɢһ̣սϢҲ΢΢仯ʿܵһεӰ죬ƺ˾࣬Ҳӡ
ǻɳսĲ꣡
ս죡
һĻǰָӴսãойӽŵӿͷѪڡ
ƾ˵ǰƵĴ棬ҲеӢۣ¶Ϊս˵Ҳʱż
սǸһʱҲѪʿ;ꡣ
ʱ䣬Ǹ˺սٴγսϡֻһΣֻΪ˵۹ݣΪͲ
ǰܹһսˣ
аޱȣܺǸһΪ粢սĽҫ
䣡
û˿ԥڴ󲽿ʱһӴޱ޼ʣ̺͵ĴڱŷŽŵ׺Ҷ̶ʱɢս
¡¡Ķͻʴԭҵ
֮֮ңЩĩվ޶ܵӰ죬ɽͰӴżվȣɵþ˻
ȻһлԶûн
ϣ
̶ʱڣʿȫһҫ۵Ĺ⻷˵ϢȻθһء
Ҫսʩӹ⻷Ӱ죬ôķΧ֮
ʱѾûбҪٱˣ
ĳ֣ĳźţ֮жȻӿƻֻۣգ֮䣬֮䶸ȻһƬ谵
ͻȻı仯˵ע⣬֯ڶĺ˶ע⵽еһĻ
䣡
ֻգ۵ʱ䣬һ֮أƺǴʳ۹ķ򣬰һǿһӴĹҫޱȣȻӵ
ܿ죬ڶҫ۵ĹųֻһȴǼĵطƺǴңԶĸ߾뵺
ȻǵĵһһִĹ羪һ㣬Ӹͬĵطڻ谵ҹɫмҫۡ
ֻˣŽӶĹصĺͲԽԽҡ
⵽ô£
֮Уһսеʶ̧ͷ죬
䣡
ھŵҲһȻֻһβǷطֱӴӶг
ǵʱ򣬾ͷ·һսըǴĿĹâ̲ס۾
ʲô
һӹпĳֶһӰھʮɵĵطɢһǿĲ
ŶǾŶ
಻Զĵطһ˸ӺӰ״ϱʲô
ͬʱƺӦе뷨һۻޱȣ쳹ս
ھ󣬷
𶯣ս˻û˿ףһӴޱȣȻӴȻѸٸǵսϡ
ϣ
̶ֻʱ䣬ʿϢǣǽһһĹ⻷·˾޴ͻȻ֮䱩ǣһҫĿĹ⻪𺳲ѡ
еʿ˲䣬ʵȫ
һлԶֹˣʿʵǵͬʱһɲеֻһͷ·ѹһһصɽ͡
ûЩӦϾͷ·һһĽ˵һٵȻʱ½㼶


ڶǧİһʮһ 
䣡
ս֮Уһĸߴ󣬽˶͵һȭӳһȭԽʿɣϵؼ׺͹顣
һȭӳȻһһ㣬ݣԺͬһεʿȻƾ˫ȭݺݵصһ
ôܣ
㵣ƺԼᱻ֮ǰеʿסֹˣԼȭҲĪСࡣ
һȫⷶ롣
ȻһлԶûн㵷ǣΧʿץסᣬеĵݺϡ
ۣ
ξ޲ػ͵һѪɳȥ
ǵΪʲôͻȻô󣿡
Բ۾ôԼȻһʿĶ֡
Ȼ𾪵ĻֹЩеܵһεԼʱҲ֮仯
䣡
սһԸ֥˼˳ΪףʮĴƾѸٱ仯һӴ͡
ʮʮ
ʯ䣬ʩչĺȻʩչʮʮͬʱҲʮ֮һ
ɱɱɱ
һźʮϵϢΪһ壬һɲҵϢ֮ŷ
䣡
սһǰݴ󶼻ثΪףڶķŽԸһӴͬͣ
ڽ
ͬǿʮ֮һ
Ŵ͵ı仯ثΪۣϢǣ϶һͭĹâϵ׷Ҳӡ
˻ƾ
һ򣬱飬ǰϴ󶼻³Ŀѩ絶һ㣬ӴƴͬŷѸɢʮеİ˻ƾ
䣡
û˿ԥһӴĻҺɫϢŨĴϢ͵ĴӴսͷ𣬴һӴ͸壬ͬӵʮĴ
һ̣ͬʩչһǿ󷨡
һƴ
ͬһʱ䣬ͺķʩԨģθȫʸϣ˹ش󽫾Ϥŵ߹»ͨͨ뵽С
̫һ
׻
ݺ
â

һɭϣǧսϣÿһμ
ʮǿ󷨣һͬʱսϡ
ʮ˴˶ȴֻͺһӴϵĸͬһһϣγһµȫµĶ

ݣʮǿϺĲ
Ϊˣǰ˵ǻۺͽᾧټһ˵Ŭڴȫµ󷨡
ʮ֮˴һЩϵģһεʱ򣬾ʮ󷨺϶ΪһһȫµǰδеĴ
ž֮龫ǣҪʵ뷨ϧʱޣϸⲿԭ򣬹һ
ˣΪһĻһҪһ㣬˺ܶࡣ
ֹˣǴսʱʵһֱ˼⡣
Ȼûɣȴ˴µķ
֮飬ͬԤеһ˵ĹͬŬڴž
ŴΪģ˰˻ĺ½硣½ĵΪӳͬʱѹš
ƻУͼԼھǾݴ󶦣Ҫá
֮֯ǰһҫĿĹÿһһݴ󶦡
Щ󶦰ŵλãƺõģ֮ǰ֯ע⡣
Ҳ˲ò̵ڵԭ
Ѿͳһĺ½磬е۹İǴƵҲǾܹȰŵҲעԭ
½ӴĵǿţҲֵܵ
ɱɱɱ
һɱ춯أʿоϵı仯һʿƻŶŷɱȥ
ֻһˣľͿˡ
ս֮Уһ߸ߵĸƽ̨ϣͼƮƮ붶а
һս磬ǻۺֻǰʿѾ˯Ĺӡ
ڵĹӾ½ĵƾӡ˲ܹɵ
ô˵޷֯ǿԪҲƷЩνˡ
е඼Ϊǻū
𣡡
ͼ˳˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬һŰ޾ӵ
춯أƺ̺һɼΪǿضһŹѿͼ˽µĸƽ̨Ҳ
𣡡
һУѿ޾ĺӵص¶
䣬ֻգۼ䣬һɹȵĵصҽӿȣӵӿӿ֮Уһҽɵĺںɫ޴ֱȴӵص̽˳
һɻҽɵľ޴ͷ­ͷںɫǣޱȣȻѷ֮ս֮С
ϣ
ͷںɫֵʱս˻·ܵĳ־޴ľһ
ֹˣЩںͽվԳĩվǣҲоͻȻֵļвһ˻
ħ֮
ս֮пͷ޴֥ͻȻ¶һ˿Цݡ
һ˽ʳսҲ̫׵ĳǳص̽յĹ̡ͷħ֮Ǵġ
Զʧսҵʱڳɹͷħ֮뵽ս֮С
֮ս̫׵ͷħͬǰͷħҪӴ̫ˣֻһͷ­Ѿ൱֮սͷħӴϸЩӴĩվȣҲû̫
٣֮ԶҪӴĶࡣ
صľͷ­ϵǣԶԶȥмļСһṹͺһ޴һ
Ҳħ֮Ķб־
¡¡û˿ԥͷħ֮֮ѸٴӵѶ¶Ӵ壬սϣһ粻ȥĻɽĿޱȡ
Ũ̹һܣǹɱŰϢս
ħ֮֮ͷ­һתѸǼͷĩվޣǴ粽ȥÿһ¶ҽ䣬ƬҲѡ
һ࣬ӴĩվȴٴУһͷĩվʶȥ
Ǻܿ죬ǾŸ޴ͷ­˲ЩվԳ¥ߣŭͬʱſѪڣȻ׼ͻȻֵħ֮³һɹȵģ۽˸Ļ
ǹĻỤ̃ͬʱħ֮
ȻеıըûзڻȻͶħ֮ϣţ뺣ûо㲨


ڶǧİһʮ ħ̫֮һ
ǵˣǾŹɻУħ֮Ϣһأ֮ǰǿ
䣡
ܿ죬ħ֮˷ǺںɫצȻһץϵĻѸ죬Ϊһģ̵ĺںɫħ֮ޣݺݵĳĩվޡ
žҹɫУɳħ֮޳ޱȣ͵ĳ˶ĩվޡ
ֻһޣͷĩվһͷ­Ĳϣһı޺ۣͺӽȥһйĺð˳

޴ʹʹͷĩվ޾˻
һ޴˺ʹ೬нվԳ¥޸˺
ĩվ޵ڶҪѲϵħ֮ޣȻʹʱج٣һ޴ħ֮˲仯Ϊһȵͷĩվ˹ȥֱ䵽ϡ

ʹ˻Уĩվ޾ŶɺǾ֣ȴѲѾ˵ϵħ֮
ֻһӴħ֮ȻΪһ⣬û뵽ĩվһž޴ͷ­ڣֱ֮С
˻Уֻգ֮䣬ͷĩվ޵һͷ­ܵĻȼա
ͻȻı仯˶û뵽
ͷͻȻֵħ֮ȻЩĩվ޵Ŀǣ
Ƽת£ħ֮ļ룬ټϾʼ֯żΪ
ո£飬԰Ƶһ̷·һսҽһٶϷָ
ǿ½ѹ£Ҳһֻ߹
ɱ
һ춯صĺɱУƣ׷׵˾Ľɱ¡
ڴ֮УÿһоΧ֮УʿŻ֯ʷдƾԵѹԵж֣һ
ɴóĵطһԽԽľ󣬺ܶûô£Ѿҵ֮¡
ܵҲз϶˵Ӵĵе󷨺ġ
飬һһϵ£ʮ򣬶ʮʮ򣬰ʮ򡭡սԾ˵ٶȲϵ¡
˵ٶţ
󷢶Ϊһ壬һ̣ĶֲһʿΪһ
Ǹսʤģ
ֹǣ
ͬʱа˽ֵ̫Ҳ֪սϵһĻ仯־ŭ
Ȼа˽ʱ뿪ĸԶôҲû뵽ô̵ʱ䣬ټսȻֱӱת
ʣһȦף
صǣΪǰһУ
ٵǵۣݻٵЩ󶦡
âһ̫˲ƿؿռ䣬صս
۹⼫䶾һ۾ͿЩݴз˼Ҫá
̫صʵǿһıսа˶û̫õİ취
ˣ
âһ̫лӰֱӲٿʱ֮ݴ󶦷˶ȥ
Χǿػ̫ض쾳ΪԿǿƵ
Уһ̫ضȥȴȫ̫һһܹ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬̫ؼϵʱͻȻ֮䣬Ȼһһ׽ɫĹâΪһֱǽب̫ǰ赲ȥ·
̫رʱ֮ǵ׽ɫǽһ𣬾Ȼֱ鿪
̫أһиýˣ
ͬʱһؼδ䣬ǰ׽ɫǽϷһӰƾն֡
һۣѩ׵˳ȾȻأ˵òȴŷǳᡣ
ĻͷһƬȻûа˿ͷ
һѩµɮˡ
ѩɮᣬȴһ˫ѩ׵üëɫͣü֮ȴһκﶼݵĲɣ䡣
˫ֺʮڰ֮Уû̫֮٣̫ؿȴǻһȡ
̫һ
̫һ壬ڲ
̫һһ˸֪֣ѩɽʥɮ
УģֻΪƫһ磬˸ԭϣ뿪Ϊʵ
̫һʵ̫ʼ֮ϡ
칬¼̫صķһϵҲ̫̫Ԫ̫һΪһ㡣
̫һ̫̫Ĺ˼ɡ
̫һǿѾ˾Ҳûаյĵز
ȻΨһֵҵǣ̫һ뿪ѩɽ緢ʲô£뿪
Ϊָٹ̵ӡսп̫һ̫زŻԽӵĴ㵡
Ѿʱʱսϵ̫һ̫뿴ˡ
̫أһиýˣһжǴģֹͣˣ
̫һһƽ
ǲǶͬ𣿡
̫һɵ
ˣǱͲͬļƻһ̫ԪˣⱾǵ뿪֯ԭ򡣡
죬ͷ֤ôǴġ
̫һ
ΪʲôڣΪʲôһΣһԪ
̫
ûֻ̫ܸ࣬Ԫ̫һκһԪһķֹͣˡ
ʲôӦΪۡ
̫һ
ʥɮ
ʱһԱߴһŵĴһƥ֪ʱ˹Űеʥɮһ
鷳ˡ
̧ͷ¶һ˿Цݡһ̫Ūˣ̫һ֮Իûʲô̫Ĺϵʵϴѩɽʥɮġ
Ҳ˹Ҳһȥ˴ѩɽݼʥɮ
ңʥɮڻǴӦˡ
˼Ҫˣ
̫صޱȣ֪ҲûתأһɰĶ֮ںȻѾ˳ֵ׼
ܰܣ֯ҲܰܣӲܰܣΣƵĴ
ɣ̫أ֪ģ㲻ҵĶ֡
ȻƱǵ̫أ̫һȴ޶ԡ
Ȼ̫ȴѡֱӶ֣âһǧʱ֮ͻȻ֮У̶ֻʱ䣬Щʱ֮һ㣬ŻϢŰе̫һϯȥ
һɲǣ̫ص˲ʧ

У̫һһ̾ϢЩɽХϯʱ̫֮һδãֻǼ򵥵һֻ͸ʯƣǰһĳ
һʱƮƮģһֻ̣һһɽХ͵ıʱ֮˲䱻ݻٴ

ֻһҽУ̫Ѫ磬ֱӱһգӴֱӽǧ֮Զͷɢ·Ѫ߰ߡ
һƣֻһƣ̫һȻͽ̫ˣ
̫أ
һ󾪺̫ѸٶӰ̫Ϻ̫
̫һң
˷ס̫أŭǰ̫һ


ڶǧİһʮ ܣ
̫Ϻ̫Ǳ˲ˣȻͼ˴峤սг˿
ʲôҵģ̫ϣ̫ڻ𣿡
ʱһЦ̫һһӰ
һգ̫һԶĵطһͬˮ㷺ģһϢ籩ӰУӰ̤˳
̫壡
ǵӰ̫ϵȡ
㲻ѾȥʱΪʲô
һ̫һѾԶԸˣ˭Ҳû뵽֮ǰΧ˵̫壬Ȼȥؼʱսϡ
̫ص˵ѩϼ˪
һʱһʱǵҵ׷ɱңû뵽Ҳнհɣ
̫Цȷʵ뿪˲٣ôҪʱ̣ôܻ᲻
еǣɣڵǱʱˣ
̫˫ſǵһɫʱгգ֮䣬һȫװսʿ߳飬ųĶУϿա
һĻ̫ص˷׷ɫ䡣
ڵս֯һΨһƣЩڶߣ̫ʱЩսʿ֣˵ʲôϢ
̫Ԫ̫ͬһֱԾӣֹʵǿ󣬶˴֣ȻȲ֯ĳ֣ѾӰ쵽սˡ
̫һҪҪףȻ˺ƤˣûбҪˣѩɽЩҲɳ˰ɣ
̫ͻȻתͷһԵ̫һ
˶ֱ̫ǿߣҲʶѣȻʱ䣬ٴ̫忴һҲ֡
̫һûж˵ֻ΢΢˵ͷ
һԪΪ²Ӧˣ
̫һ䣬䣬һ޴ʱ֮ŶȻ֮Уգ֮䣬ֻһһѩɽĸ飬˳
Щеףڴѩɽѵߣ൱һֱǴѩɽĸ֡
̫һȻƫһ磬ôȴҲѵ˴ĸ֣Щ˻ɢǿҵԪһЩɢʱղȻѾﵽ벽ǿߡ
ʵЩ˿˿֮¡
ЩֵĴѩɽ֣̫أ̫ϣ̫˵ɫʱѿޱȡ
̫һ̫˵ļ룬ڴˣڷֵ̫غ֯뼫䲻״̬
̫أ̫ϣ̫ȥԪѾɲˣ־ܰɣһȫ֮ǰꡣ
̫һһƽ
ܣ¹˭ֻδ֪
쵰ѾҺΪУͨͨ
˱ŭޱȣû̫һ˶֣̫أ̫ϣ̫һȻȷѡ
䣡
ɰģԵĸߵȼɽХһ㣬ŷǿֲգһŶ̫һ̫ϯȥ
ҹѡ̫˵ĳ֣̫ص˷ƣͨȻַͨʽƣⱻ̫һ̫γɺΧ
ֻ̫ص˷Ӧ죬˷Ӧ죬ͬʱ̫һ̫壬˴峤аˣͼ쾳ǿ֣ٶ̫ǻҪ졣
˵ķӦһʼʵ˵Ԥ֮С
䣡
ֻһ춯صıըƥϯܣҲ˲û쾳ǿߡ
֪˶ãһг䶨̫ء̫ϡ̫ѲӰֻµ°߰Ѫ
У̫һ̫壬аˣ˴峤¶Σ˵Ϣ΢΢ЩңǴĽȻ˲յʤߡ
λ̫أ̫ǱϾһ꣬ǵĶƣѾʲôвˣһὫǴصѩɽѹڵصףԺҲˡ
̫һ˫ֺʮͻȻڵ
ϸȥͻᷢǰһɵĹţڹ֮УָСӰϸȥ̫أ̫ϣ̫ˡ
ǵɫ԰ףɫǷϣϢɢȻǱ̫һʱ֮ӡ档
̫һЩͽһлûнһиûκ壬᳹׵Ĵݻǣ
̫ص洫Թ
˻ִԲ򣬲֮ʲô޹ˡ
̫һ̾Ϣһҡҡͷ˶٣ŵ
ңδؾӮ
̫һһ仰֮У̫صɫһͣʱһ˵ˡ
޵У
ı֯ʵǣ˱ΪֲʵҪԸһ壬ضֵǴӿսڣѾȥôʱˣ̫һǶѾ֣Ǳ߻ûȻ̫

˵ʱͻȻ֮䣬һ˻ӲԶ̫صһʶŤͷȥֻ谵£һͷȻŨҵĻ⣬ֻƬ̱㷢һĲҽУȻƽɽ㣬صĵ˵ϣһ

ͷɽͰĩվޱϣӿһֻҽɵĳֱ͵ĴڲȻ߸߾ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ӿĻ㻯һͷ޴ħ֮֮䡣
Ǿĩվ޵ʬ壬ħ֮еԽĸߴ䡣
һͷ
̶ʱ䣬ħ֮ƾǿʵȻֱӸɵһͷĩվޡ

ʤ֮󣬾޴ħ֮ҲſͣһƺҪйеĳ죬һ̫࣬ص˸ɫ
ĩվǹϵǿȻսֻƬ̣ȻѾһͷʬ嶼ڷա
ħ֮ԪЩĩվ޵һܹǵĴڡ
սϻܣŨ̹ɱ춯أȥھĽɱ£ʵԾ˵ٶ𣬿Ѿȫ
֧Ӵǿޱȵţһһ磬ȻһԪȴǰδеش죬ǰȥֻȫڴ˶ȫܵġ
λ̫صѾܣûҲܿսܣһ̫˵ûʼǸܴвӮ˵սܻ죬ǹһ»Ҫ˵һȥԸ죬Ľⳡս
ʱа̤ǰڵ
Ѿ뵽ʱѾǵĸӦ룬ܶλ𣿡
̫һڵûоܾ
ؼ乫ϵǿߣȻʵǿ󣬵ǱϾûﵽ侳»Ķ֣֮սôãⲢʲô¡
ҿԣ
ʱˣ΢ΣϸԾգ
еһ嶼ԤϣѾºֻ֣Ҫ׷µӡǣͿһ·뵽콻ֵս
˵Ȼµǵӡ
̫һ̫ԣΪ⡣
⵹Сӵķ񣡡
̫嵹ǸƴЦ
һʱ䣬ȴɨһսֽգսɣ
ͼŻڼսսڵ
Զ˵ͷΣԲٸ֯κλᡣ
һ̣ûκԥͬʱ֡
ը춯أ



ڶǧİһʮ ǿƼ
㵽׸ʲô
ͬʱ޾ʱҲ˵սϵı仯
һзĶ̫̫ˣǰһ̣ĩվ޻սŰŻռžԵƣһ̣̫һ̫ͷ׷׳֣սǸħ֮ĳ֣ǿ߶ʼϲ
ص̫ˣԼһ·뵽ʱֱʱչ¶ֶΣȣʱҲѾˡ
׼һУûиᡣ
һ̣зŭޱȣԪһθо˷ŭ
죬˵һսעʧܵģõʧ㲻лǰ
һƺ˺֮ľ룬ޱߵ˹Юŷһеʱշ籩߲ϱըȴȫǿų⡣
䣡
û˿ԥ˵ʱֱӺһǿʱ֮ӴֱӴһͨͨңԶ½硣
âһһ̣Ƭ޾ʱһһӰɢǿҵʱղΧ
̫һ̫壬аˣ˴峤ͼ쾳ǿȫټԼ̥ʱȻѾۼʮ쾳ĸ֡
һ֣ȫ˶졣
սţ
עһǰδеĿս
죬ɣԪľƻýˡ
̫һŶ죬һƽ
رԪվվĶ档
һע㲻սһжи˽ᣡ
ã̫һ̫壬⼸ͽô꣬վ޵ǰˣ
쿴żˣŭЦ
ΪӮ𣿡
޿ؽʮֱ̫ҲѡÿԪܻһЩž֮Զȱ׷ߣֻҪڣ֯ڣʲô޷ıһ㣡
л죺
ңΪǼ־ܶԸϾϣûдﵽ侳ٶˣҲһ޵Ķ֣
һǿϢ纣˰㱬һһǿ󣬾֣Ҳ˿壬¶һţҪһ򾡡
ǣ죬˵仰̫ˣûʱⷨȷʵй֮ϣ¶쾳ǿߣʱ֮ǰҲûл֮ʱ֮Ҳһÿһʱ䣬ҪһҾͲţԸôˣ޾ġ
ȻЦ
˵仰ͬʱһһɵĹ⻪өһڱŷ˲䵽̫һ̫壬ͼ˴峤Լаڡ
ǳ΢õʱ֮ϵϢԱ仯˲٣ԭ쾳Ҳһ˿΢ĸı䡣
λҸǵʱ֮ǲٿʱ⣬ȴԻһ̶ȵʱݣǵӰ졣
һսֻȫĽңΣһҪ죬Ϊ磡
˵һ仰Ŀޱȡ
һ࣬Ļɵӫ⣬ɫһٱ䡣
һ仰˵ûʱҲһȡ֮֮ߵġ
һ̤侳ӵ˲ٿʱ˵ŤеĹʱ⵹һѸٱһˣҲԷԷĹԼԴ޾ʱⳤȡͬԼΪԼķ
ٶĶ쾳ǿߣҲһĶ֡
ƫƫһѾ̤˰벽䣬һ̶ȵʱ֮壬ڵʱָ̫֮һˣҲζеĹʽǶۿۣ£ĻӾ硣
һɺԣȻҪ۵޾ͳȫǣһҲߣ
ֻҪڣƻͱȻУɱ޶޷ıյĽ֣
ɱ
ˣ
챾ѾʱⳤȡʮʱâһȻֶĵʱӳռơ
ϣ
ͬһʱ䣬壬̫һ̫壬аˡԼʮͬʱ֣Է
籩

ڣ

Ϸ

˷׷ʩչǿľѧ
̫һҲͬʱ֣ӰȻ¶һӴѩɽѩɽ֮һһ
䣡
̫һһȭ޾ʱշ׷ױʱܵӰ죬ҲòԶԡ
̫һĹԶûôӣҲûôƣ󶼼ˣɲ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ˹һӴʱ籩ЮԼʱƬϯ
Щʱշ籩֮ʱյʱ֮粨ţĹУ㣬ϯ
ʱշ籩ҵʱ֮Ĺ˵ޱȡ
ڳһǵǿߣÿ˶ʱ֮׵Ĳٿع򣬵۶ʱչ裬Ҫǿ̫̫ˣЩӴʱշ籩ƬѾԶԶӦԵķΧ
һСıУпܾͻ뵽޾ĺڰƯԶķ޷硣
Щ̺ʱ֮Ĺͬ˵Σޱȡ
Ӧԣζ˶ͬһʧ󣬱³ԼĹ֮¡
侳ǿߵĿ֮
Ȼʵǿ̫һǸոͻƲõаˣ˴峤ȫܹӦԣԳŶʱƬҲܹࡣ
磡
ⳡսУ岻ֹԼʱ֮ˣͬҲԼе繲ˡ
ԴݵͶӰΧϸ΢Ŀռṹ˵ܶôΣյĳܶôӵս棬ǶܹĹư㣬ĸ֪
䣡
Уһʸͬĸߵȼϵײ𣬱ըǿ񱩵ĻܣһһĿռԪλ治ϵĴݻٴΣյʱƬΧʹԽΣա
죬벻ɣɱңֵ㣡
̫쳹ء
У̫ĹΪ񣬵֣ѾҷˣжĺҲ֪
С󣬾ƾҲʸǰ񣿣
ޱȣ쳹أδ䣬̫ΧʱѸңһӴֱڱȻǧһ֮ʣһɵĹ⻪өһ㣬ڱŷų⡣
䣡
޴Ļ̫ըĿѪ߷ݰɳȥƾ帳ǵʱ֮ȴɹĶһ
˵һҲԶûôݡ
ʵΪߣжȷģʮΪ׳ۣѹһУֱ󱳺ȴľ޴Ϊ۵ġ
ֱʱҲ޷֮ǰݵѹ
һ
ʱշ籩֮Уıԯʥֻһȣԯʥбŷգ֮䣬ǿҵʱղΪһŭһ㣬ϯա


ڶǧİһʮ ̬
벽ΪԯʥһӴţֻһͽǰеʱշ籩ԼյĿռƬһʿͬʱҲյ
һûκζԵֵ
ֻգۼ䣬޾ŽѾ䵽ͷ
һɫҲࡣ
䣡
ƲɵһֻһţһɵĹ⻪өһ㣬͵شıŷ
ʱ⵹
һӰ£ΪģΧռ𵴣ֻӰգ֮һӴ׵һֲĽԿٵ֮ƣ弱ն¡
ٶֵʱҪ졣
ʱ٣
ڷͬʱȻ丽һϸ΢ʱٵ
䣡
£ſգڵɳ촷ۣȴԺ֮
ȫ֣Ѿʼ½
ԶĿһͻȻڵ
ոһƻֺţʤȴиܵһ˿ϸ΢Ĳ
սʱȣĳԶһЩͣû֮ǰô
˿仯ǳ΢С廹ˡ
Ļ߻һ˲˵Ĺصľѧвţаˣ˴峤ͼ̫һ̫塭˶ģĶ췢𹥻
һ쳹ء
еıըײ಻ս쳣ļңڼսУҲط֣帳ǵǵʱ֮Ȼǳ΢ȴҪãÿһ췢ԹǱǹʱ֮ıųһ
飡
Ƭ֮󣬼ս֮Уûκεףָϣһөһ㣬ɢʱⲨĹͻȻ
ŵŨҵʱ֮ͻȻ֮½һأһ̲˵Ҳף˵ĹķãĿʼ˥ˡ
ڴ֮ǰʼնηͼɵΪĴھһܵĴ˵侳ģһ̣½˶ʱףҲ޵еġ
ֻҪ֣δزܻ
ϣ
һɲǣ˾ͼаˣ̫һ̫ˣһȫеǲҪ˹ȥ˿Ĺ

һĻҲǲȻŭ
ˣ
йӰһӰٴƬ֮С
䣡
ʮķͬʱֻ֣һǿ񱩵ɽֱӷ˵Ĺȫ˳ȥ
ȻֲĹ˲ܲˣ˶ϣͺ˵ĲԼһ㣬ڹѣѪӿҲں
죡
Ψһͷ
ɹʣⳡս֮У˫û·ܻ죬ôԸôڳ˶ɣ绹вն쳹׻
飡
ĹԶеĿ£ر˷ĹƺҲƬ̵ʱ䣬ֻһıըͼˣб֮Զ
ʴ£ֱӱըѪɣ¶˰ɭɭĹͷͼɫҲ˲ò԰ޱȡ
䣡
аҲĹУ˵ɶѪˮٲëбаϵͷ룬лۣԼƤȫȾѪɫ
ܵҲ̶ȸͬܵΪأĹֱӶĸĸըһ޴Ŀ
˵ĵһ̥䱾ӵǿĻָĻ롣
һˣĹҲûдۣ飬ը죬ָʱ֮ŹٴϨʧ֮С
սڣΪ˶Ըˣڵʱ֮Ѿ˴룬شˣûֹ˲ҪĹ
죬벻Ҳнգ
УĪ̫ˡ
ʱЩѳ֯ˣһֱĿ־壬̫ûһԼҲܰƵֵزһı壬Ƿ
ڲ˵̫Ҳܹоõڼġ
ȥδزܻ졣
ⰵ̫
ձ任̫屬ȫٶȳ칥ȥ
Ȼû̫忿ֱһ̫Ĺⰵ̫ĺɿ
һȺ֪ĶΪַͨʽܹսʤҾ֪ʲô񣡡
ŭؼδ䣬ˣؼʮͬʱʧȻ϶Ϊһٴ¶ı塣
̫һ̫壬޾Ǻһ𣬴յĻ𣡡
Ŀ֮ҪĿѸٴһɨ䵽ϣ
֮ӣΪַʽܻܵޣ̫ˣ
䣡
δ䣬ĻΪһҵ׹⣬˲û޾֮С
ѾܾûܱƵʩչˣȻһл޴֮Ҫ˯ܾãֻҪܹɱǣ㹻ˣ
¡
δ䣬·ʱ侲ֹһ㣬ƬնȻһͺ񱻶סһͷϷʮ֮ңĸ߿УӰ任˵ĿУʥʱգһʥƴ쳹ա
ȻֳӰ룬һӴӰأĿ׵һ㣬ޱȣʧ졣
ֻһ̵죬ǡ已̥񻰴˵еһ㣬߸ϣܿܿǰϳһ㡣
۵Ļߴɣڵӿȡ
һ̣һֱɫƽ̫һıɫ
һ̵֮Ȼͬ涼·Ļκǵۻǰ᲻һСĸо
̬
ڤڤУ̫һԺһͷɫޱȡ
ʷֻһ㣬һһȻûж֪ʣһʼеģҲκ˶׫ģۣν۴˵
һеԴͷҲֵԴ
̬һֶ״̬һ뵽״̬ͼһ״̬սʤ
У̬ȴʩչ˵ģ̬£ĸȻǿͬҲḶܴĴۣ˵ºҪ˯
ˣ벻˵ģȻܹʩչ״̬
һ̫ɫҲǲ԰ޱȡ
壬̫ˣȻΪһַ֣ͨʽͿ޵ޡ
ھԵǰֻһԸĿѣ
Ӵ㣬Ʈ£ĮһΧеնУˡ
ҪΪУҪ÷ǵľ򡪡޴һ

¡¡һƬڰ·޾Ӱ˷ϯڰģۻӲӣ֮»Ҫҫۡ
һ̣ĳ֣һ޴ĻԹֱӴʮ֮ޣ֮ٳ¡
һɲǣɫɫѿޱȣ˭Ҳû뵽۾ȻֶΡ


ڶǧİһʮ 䣡
˵ʱʱ죬ۿ˶Ҫһ𣬾ʱһϤؼ
죬˵̫ˣһսҲΪ׼һݴ񣡡
ڼۻãã˵ֻǲ׺һڣܿܿһ㣬بŴڵ˵ֺγеϣ
ǵ칬¼УһҺ֪ţĴ֮ݣִ̮ײܱܲ
˵ⷬһһ䣬л죬˵ⷬĹ㹻Ĺˣϣʱ֮ȫʧȥЧ
䣡
δ䣬˲֣˵ĿУı͵һ̥ͻȻͬʱ֣һâ䣬ҵʯ䣬Ծ˵ٶѸһǳ桭ѸٻΪ칬ģ
յһ
ߵĴҲǵ촴칬Ҫֻأһĸ
΢죬䣬˶صߴ
֣۳칬ƬնһɴᴩҵĲĹҲܵӰ졣
һ˲䣬ƺԤеʲô۶ıɫ
һлԶûн
ˣ
ͬʱĵ̥͵̥֣ͬȫйբ֮ˮӿֻգ֮䣬һ칬ֻͬͣ칬ϢȫͬοƣеĽṹȴȫ෴̺ϢҲްζ
յ㣡
칬һһһ޾һţ
˱˥ͬ˵ϲһ㡣
ˣҲͬˣּµģȻ෴
ֻǳ籩в͸ȴͬʱ͸
ǰ칬¼ȻѾӰȴԶġ
ʱ䣬һֱչؿޣǲյû˱ףּµȴȻ෴ʲôȻηױĲ
յյһֽȻ෴ͬʱﵽµײᷢʲô嶼
䣡
û˿ԥƴȫ칬ͬʱ˲佫칬ںϡȻͷϿյ˳ȥ
¡¡
һɲǣѣ칬ͬʱ켱ɶȥ
һǺޱȣֱﵽʮǿֲκΪ֮ȻʧɫһֻзݴС΢칬߸ɱ
ٴĿǰķƥС
յĽȴ˶벻ġ
¡¡ǰĹУ칬羨̺һ㣬һǰһ߷еսв޴ڵʱմԪλƬпֲĴݻһеʱշ籩ԼƬбͳͳ˽ȥմҲ
ֻҪеĶӲյյһ
¡¡ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬칬㼱͵ԭٱͬһ㣬Ϸ챼׳ȥ칬ɢɽͰǿ󡢳صϢǵȣҲѷɫ
ƣҲо˼ļɵ
ֻһ˲ͻָ˴ݡ
ûõģʱ֮ϣνҲ޷ʱ࿹⣡
û˿ԥ˲ʱ֮۵ġ顱
Уǵ嫵Ѿ籼ףȻʱ֮£˲䱩޾ĺһ㣬嶵ͷ£ᣬΣ嶼ѾǸԤ޹ˣ廹ֻǰ벽侹Ȼܹʽֱв侳ĸ֣һͻƣԼҪ׳Ƴūۡ
𣿡
һЦǿģʺ츳ԽеĴڣ磬ļʶʼԡ
ʱ֮ڶԼй֮ϣǶԵģȴԶиɻ
ٶȴﵽޣӽٵʱͬԽʱ򣬲ˣʺҲܹתʱӴǹʱ䶼ܹŤһ˵ν̡ܷ
䣡
һ̣û˿ԥ칬յһյ㣬־Ĳٿ£͵ںΪһȻµҵײһ
¡
ҡضɿֲײһǹ˶ġ
ĩӡǣ㣡
ʯ䣬־ŭӱըĴ
ڱըһɲǣ칬У쾹ȻоϤϢȻ֮ǰһֱѰҵĩӡǡ
ÿһĩӡǶ֮ʱŻֵģ̺ġϧıԴ֮
һ仰˵Դ֮֮ĸһ
ĩӡΪģȫתΪκ˶ġ
䣡
ֻһ˲칬˰ٱֹǹӿƵͬ籩ϯһУҲǴĿĹâû
Сģ
ʯ䣬弱ٺ󳷣ͬʱ˻档
һȻʩչģֻģıԴֹõʽУ嶼޷ֱը֮
ǴģԽһеĻ֮
꣡
涼˺ѿĻֻһĹ˲ѣҫ۵Ĺâ˲ѿѺۣһѿըΪޡ
ķϣ˼ʱŴɣһ̳׻ˣƬ俪

ͬʱдһʹĲҽС
˵ֻǱըನô׵壬˾󲿷ֳ
Լߴɵۻֻһ˲䣬ȵĽбݻˡԭ棬޾κΪ֮𺳺СϢҲһɲشֱή𣬱ޱȡ
ǹɿֲıըӰ컹Զֹˡ
ƬԭŴʱշ籩ʱƬȻյյһײͷųǹȻճգԲǧķΧƽ˾еЩȫѹˡ
ˣ
ͬʱʮ⣬âһ¶ΣǰǺ˵һĻ侲̫һɶݣ˵ˡ
⵽ʲôѧô˴
̫һڵ
˷׷壬𺳡
̬
ǿ̬Ҳǿ徹Ȼڰ벽䣬ȫ޷ʤ죬սǰġ
˾ȵǣһʵ̫Źˡ
һԽǿľѧֵʱԽǿ󡢺ң޷ģΪԽǿʽԽΧչ
ȴȫˣֵʱԶûô˵ƣǵ˫ֵʱҪֲʽκ˶ģĳ̶ֳϣ˶ǲʽ
ԣһЦЩ޷͵ģرǽӴһĶʱ
λǰЩպ֮ͣǽⳡս
忪ڵ
δ䣬һŭȻͷϷ
ЩϣΪɱ壬޻Ĳ㣡
¡¡ףƬǵ¡¡ƴ˷ƺ͵ģ˷һϤӰ
죡
һɲǣ嶼ıɫ
Ǳը˺ɨԲǧڣλ涼𶯣Ĺը÷飬ۿǻԵ׻ҲǳԽһеĴ˭Ҳû뵽ըģ쾹ȻɻţȻгֵء
һҪ˸ۣ
߿ͷɢϢң죬޼᲻ݵۼҲ֧飬Ȼûһ˫ѩҪڵķ򣬱ĳޡ
ǿģǸ߰ġ
ʮ쾳ǿߣлǸ߸ϵľǿߣУֻһЩ߹ʱΪۣӵĺӵ侳ΪȻᱻʮϰΧ˵ֱܴ衣
ǵҪܵ޼ι
ǺӴؼ죬ޣ˲֡
֮ŭ
䣡
𶯣ؼٴԳһһӰÿһӰһӰĽ˲ڳԼƬա
ʩչյյһɵشԶҪûʹۻ˵ܵ˼µĹѾûа취ʩչֻ̬ǶԸ֮ǰ֮ŭȫ㹻ġ
һ࣬ͻȻֵһߴӰɫޱ䡣
˵û֮ǰĻֻ֮ŭȫӦԣڣ廹̫һˣ֮ǰսж˴
Ϊ죬˶ƴȫ˵ʵѾԶ֮ǰˡ
ˣǶ͹ˣ벻Ȼǿ
̫죬ɫҰޱȡ
ոһ֣˶ΪʤȻ˭Ҳû뵽쾹Ȼǰ֮˶ʧȥ˶Կ
̫ǿˣǸֵס
ͼͬյ
һӰȻû£Ӵȴһɿֲѹͼɣȵ֮ŭ˶·һ޷ֿ
Ϊ֮ƣֻиԷɢƬգ
ˣ֮ŭһӲӣ
̫һſе
УʣֻΪ˽⣬һ棬̫嶼޷ƥС
˽꣬վǼ֮գ
̫һһƽ£ѿһսʤǰܣ˵û̫ź
䣡
Ƭ̣仯ǹϵѹȻֹͬһʱ䣬ЩߴɵӰһеӰ·ˡ
ֻһ˲
ʦ峤λǰǵң
ͻȻڵĿǰɫޱȡ
һսԶԶԤϣҲܸоڵǿ֮ĩԪʱ
ڻû԰ܵʱңٰһΣ
սܣκʱ׷ϱˣⱲӸˡ
ˣ
ķӦ˵Ԥϣ˿һۣû˿ԥ˵ͷǰһֱֻֻͬʱϣͬʱʸͬȫӿڡ
һ̣˺֮ǰһޱ塣
Ԥ֮ӣ
̫漣ˣսߵһ֮ǰ˶ŵġ
˵ؼܻˣ¾ֻʣˡ
䣡
УһӰͬʱ֣һӰɵĳڵλն䡣
һɲһݣ˲֡
¡¡ɽ𶯣λ·ܵĳֹԶͻʴԭ½սҲź𶯡
һӴĽͨʱգڱһ̣еӿңԶ޾ĵҲʱϣΪһŭڡ
һ
Ϊۺ޾Լ½֮һֺĽҫޱȣڱһɵĽɫӲ֪ټǧֻһնʱ䣬ƿʱգ棬ǳΪ֮ʧɫӰҲһȻʧɫ
̫ң
һôû뵽徹ȻʩչѾĴʥ̫ҵһ
һѾ׷ƽյ̫ңԼӵĴ֮ĳЩ滹й֮

ֻһĲҽУһӰ˲ˡ
ɽصİҲһǰΪҷ
һԽУ֮һᴩ壬޾Ľɫͬˮû
䣡
˵ĿУĻΪһ򣬱һɳʮͬʯ㣬ڴص£ؿռ䣬Ŵ׹ȥ
׹ĹУǿϢϨȻ󳹵ʧˣ
ľյһյ㡢̫ҵһһɲϢؼ䳹ʧˡ
𣿡
ǵʯ׹ĻȻʧ
һԪǴһĳֹһš
𣿡
УͼϢ΢תһԵ塣
֪ˡ
忪ڵ
Ĵ˵ʵ̫ˣǿǳԽʱգ²ܵӡûۿ嶼˵ˡ
һұԯʥҪһΪӹɡ
ˣ
âһûж˵ʱͨ˿ؿռ䣬ֱӻص½磬صǸ˵ͻʴս
Ũ̹һܣµɲǣֻʬϸꪣһƬѪ
䣡
̫̫
ʤˣ

ֵһ̣սɽХʿ񻶺
һ࣬ԭ֧źͺ˸ָʿ䣬һٽŰ֮еǵӰÿжеη塣
һսϣ죬Ѿȴ죬Ľ
𣡡
ʱֻһĵطһͷĩվſѪڣţһɹҽܽ˶ȥ
飡
ɫƽûһֻۣһĳǵӴɽͰĩվޣһȻըѣӴƽɽصء
ӣ
һɲǣźͺ˸ܵţȫӣһ̣˶ʧȥս


ڶǧİһʮ ĩս٣
Х岢ûЩܵźͺ˸֣ЩȺף֮Ҳ޴ӡ
ն޷ӹˡ

âһ壬̫һ̫壬ͼа˵һΣܿսһطŨ̹رѣȵҽĴʣȻһ޴ĿӶ
޴ĿӶУ˻ܿһŶȼա
𣿡
Ӻ
š
̫һû˵ֻǵ˵ͷ
Ǹʱ䣬ܴбϤϢ
ʱ䣬̺˴ߵȼʣûô׻ģ
̫ҲһԵ
ľǿߣΨһġ񡱣Ҳͨƽȥ
ԣĿб任ж˿ôⳡڹȥˡ
һԣҲЩ֣꣬ɱǿЩͺ˸֣һֱڴĵȴ֪սʱǵʯսܵ죡
߰ɣսѾкܶҪȥ
ͼȿڵһսĶ˵Ǿջսʤ졣
Ȼǻ֮ӣ벻ҲˣӴشûԼңҲˣ
̫ҲڵһսҲĺܶ࣬սл˲ˣһжֵõģûвȥܶˡ
Ҳ׷ת뿪һսҲԲˡ
ôˣ
а󣬷վԭأʯȼյĻ棬ǰȥʵ
֪ΪʲôǸоЩ̫Ծ
üͷڵ
սһѾ䶨֪ΪʲôƤǸоЩͺЩûꡣ
ֻĳЩԵˡ
ŶôԾ
а˵
Ǻǣûʲô˰ɡ
ҡҡͷԳһЦ
תȥ׼ʹϣתɲǣ¡ͻȻһӹڤڤУһԺ
սԶûнսܵģ²һң꣬ɲֹ׼
һ䣬ͣ˽Ų
仰֮ǰ˵ģȻĲ֮ǰһֱûзֵĶ
ţ˸֣ͷĩվޡ̫أ̫ǣǰ±еģԼͼΣչؿޣҲڲϵΪⳡս׼ʲô
Ǹ˵еԤԣԼеĿǣսѵʲôû
˵ֻںЩ˸֣
ԾܲԾ
ƤڸоԼԵһЩǺҪĶ
ʾžޣھŽǹϵʷǿߣ硣
ֹˡ
Ϊﵽּ겻Ҳʱ˵ףҲֻؾ߶ѡ㲻̥ѵ㶼𣿡
ڤڤУ֮ǰ΢ʦʱԼ˵Ļٴ
һɲǣɫԽԽѿͻȻֺܲõĸоҲʱͻȻһЩ
ĩӡǣ
ĩӡܹööԼ֮ǰ칬ĴϣӦûöĩӡǡ
Щĩӡ籾ԴɣԼ֮ǰʩչһУκ£ܴݻٵǡ
ЩΪܽˣ©һ˳ĻӦÿҵöĩӡǡ
뵽͵תͬһʱ䣬һɰľƿնû뵽Ǿ޴ĿӶУȼյ۲кϡ
һ̣ĲкϵϢһ˲ˮס
ûУ
ϣûκһöĩӡǵϢ
ɲǼ䣬ޱȡ
Ȼ㣡
˵ʱʱ죬ʱһϤϻ񣬸߸ϣͻȻ˶𣬺¡¡һ޴ޱȣսϿշӶ
ͻȻĶ˵ע⡣
壬㻹Ǵ˵еԤ֮ӣһ޵ҲӦѾ˰ɣ
䣬˷аˣ˴峤ͼ̫һѾ߳Զ̫壬˶ǻ𣬶ͣ˽Ų
죡

һɲǣ˵ɫѿޱȡ
ôܣ
̫嶸תҧгݣȫԼĶ䣬Ǹȷȷʵʵɡ
¡
û˷Ӧһ̣ղغ½ҵĲֻһ˲ˣһǿҵʱղķ
䣡
ھ˲Զĵطһ޴ʱֱͨﵽʮ֮ޣͻȻ˵Ұ֮С
ϣ
һԽ˻һɹɺڰң࣬ͬʱޱȵϢȻͨ糱ˮӿ꣬˵ĸ֪УͻʴԭͻȻ¿񽵣ǵʱͨۿɼٶȽ˪Ǳ˪㣬˷ѸŶȥ
һ̣˵ĿУһӰĿɺ죬⼣߰ߵףһƥƥŻƺɫˮսͨ˳
ЩսѾãǿܶطԴһ࿴һࡣ
ûκεֻ޾Ϣ
ˣЩսȻжųǧĺӰǴ򿪵ʱͨһֲ˳
ϣ
ǵĽ£һҰɫĹ⻷𵴣޾Ϣͺ缱ɢ
ˣ
ЩͻȻֵӰ˻ûӦȴ˲׻
ߣ
ããģϴʱͨ߳ӰǱģجеߡ
ܣܣ
ɫ࣬վվȡ
ܵģĩռ̳ûн߿ĩӡҲٵ飬Ѿʧȥ˽һоܣ
壬޹Ŀ࿴벻ĿԻµϧվͬһͲΣ޾㳹׵ľ
ؼ졣
¡¡
һ춯صĺϴӸÿһ𣬶һͨġš򿪣޾ߴ˷ӿӿϢϵĳ磬ҲԽԽ͡

һ󾪺ϵشӸ
󣡡
󣡡
һ󾪻ŵһ̣ɫ
ˣ
ֻһ̣ڴصıƬĿռͻȻһƬ͸ͬһʱ䣬˿һĳ
ߣ
ǧ飬޾ߴ鲼һ֮Уִƺʱ׼Խؿռ䣬磬ãã޾Ĵ֮У˶һž޴ģʮɸߵñڱϷһ͵߶ţĻϺڣȫźףڣһӴľ޾ͬһͨأֱ
ǵӰڣÿ˶оһӴģޱ޼ʣ̺Ϣ֮ǰս죬ҪǿͿֲ
Χ£ߴ̷һһ㣬̷Χˣ˫ɺᣬ˿еȴоһϤϢ
Ϣ
ⲻܣ㵽ʲô
̫ĶǵӰҧݣ׶ҪŤˡ

ͬʱԶڷӶݵźͺ˸ҲһƬңһƬãȻȻһҲ֪ô¡
վЩϰˣܺ˵ٱ飬ǶٴλᣬԶֻԼ已̥Զ汾ʣʹԴ
¡¡˵ĿУӴӰӾͱϻվͬʱ̤գǰȥ
Ļǰ߳ͬʱСգ֮䣬һСٴγǰ
ˣ
Ľһ磬һˮһֱ̣ӿԽ֮Ŀռϣ˲½磬ͻʴԭϿա
¡¡
ĳ֣ͻʴԭϿյնŤƺܲסǹɿµͬһʱ䣬ϣսܵǹɿκ˰ĿϢ˻ŷ׷ȥ
һս廹̫һˣѾǿ֮ĩģǰ죬һۣȴκʱҪǿ֮۷ʱҪ¡
Сģ
һ˲䣬˵ɫޱȣǰһѾ˵Ԥϣһ̣壬̫һ̫壬˶ۼһһȫ䱸
壬ģһôɱ㣬ڶ֮ǰиһ棡
츺ֶǰЦЦ
ˣ
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ںתۼһȫµϢ˷ŭޣȻ˵ĸ֪С
壬㻹ϵ𣿣
һԹɳƣȻʼʱ廹ûϳֻ˲Ϣ壬ثͺķ̫ڣ˷׷ױɫ
»ɽ
֮ս˶λݵķйӴӡر̫壬ⱾúѪ
ֻǣӡȣǰİ»ɽкܴı仯ĳ̶ֳϣоһˡ
ܣ֮սɱ
ث𺳣ôû뵽»ɽȻڻš
Ȼʱİ»ɽȴûثƺֻʣһˡ
û뵽ɣ壬ּˣΪѵҵУҾͻһУ
Σ󣬻Ҫҵ
ǰˣһҲһӲ
ԣһźֳ֮һɺ֮¶ޱȵԹ
ⲻܣ
˻ûȴһ۾ͷֱˡ
»ɽ
һİ»ɽ֮ǰһ磬һ̣Լȫͬھըһ»ɽ
һɲǣޱȡ
ϳˣ벻ɣҲ硣
һҪۿһλҷҪеŬնΪһӰҶı
һ̵İ»ɽЦѣ·л޾Թ޺ͷŭһҲ֮кޱȡ


ڶǧİһʮ ʮ֮ʯ
ĴУⱲӻϱӣԼ֣֮󣬰һԼ
ǣΣ
һжٴλҷ𣬻ʲôȸԷϣȻֻٵģ
һ̣»ɽޱȵܡ
壬ͷ޾׹
ʱǰͻȻڵ
һл㣬ֻŰ»ɽ֮ӣܣȴû뵽ôľϲں޳ɹıϡ
Ǹֻһ飬ƾ֮ϻõ籾Դ֮֮񣬲ҳɹռ塣
ˣ
˵ʱһ˲ٴԳͷ޴Ӱ˵ֻӰ¶Ϣȴǿޱȡ

Χ𺳵˵
񣿣
˭Ҳû뵽쾹ȻռЩߵo
ǧû飬߶޵ľӣ
ٴ죬ޱȡ
Хӿһ̣綼Ľ²
ڵǿʱ򣬷£˭ܹ࿹⣿
ѹޱȣսصϢ
壬ͺ˵ֻؾߣ겻ų棬ϧ۷̥ȴʼտ͸һ㡣
ȻһЦ
ܾĵģ˭Ҳ˵ǰһȫ˵Ԥϡ
壬޹Ŀ࿴һУ˭Ҳ֪̫Ƕ֪飬޵ʱȫԵߴֱӽ磬ǸԤԣѵýһѡ
Լҽ߱ɷȻǷΪޱʵȻǿޱȣȻǲ۲۵侳޵ʱôֻǳڽԷһû뵽һжӦˡ
˵˴Цȫûһɥ߳ŭ
ԤѾӦ飬Ԥ֮ӣϲ㣬ɹնɱۣڿʼҲûʲôܾޣ
Ц¶εļ
Σ
ԤΣ
һŪ֮䣡
ȻԤѾӦ飬ô֮ûκЧ
죬˵̫磬ʲôҲжôǿ˻վֹľٶûңҲһˡ

𣿡
ЦĻ⡣
ֻһ˲ЦȻֹ춸Ťͷ壬һ˫ޱȣ
Ԥ֮ӣ޲δǷֹޣԪעҪ𣬶ҲȫҪ
ھǸľ
δ䣬ͻȻſֱۣ˫Ȼɺ죬ͬһʱ䣬̹糱ˮڱŷһŨϢޱ޼ʣ˲硣
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ֻһ춯صľ죬ͺĳźţ˷𶯣һ󲨶ǿҵ˼㣬ʱͨһֱߴͻȻһԽ˻Уȿֺ֮硣
ӭյĻɣ
·쳹½磬ãã޼ʵߴҲ糱ˮ½ʡ
¡¡غһɹɱ˪ۿɼٶ½ؼš
ֹˣߴԷֳ֧ͬı֣һ֧ߴ֮˲ѣҽӵصʶһɲıԴԲ
Сģ
󣡡
һ󽹼Ĵ쳹أ˲佣ţޱȡ
һѸٽ²÷ߣٴһɹǿĵ
ү˵ĩ𣿡
Уҵ˫ż֮ǰĩվ޵սУ˼Ӵˣһ̣ҵսɫ㣬û˿ԥ
ֹҵսд֮ǰԼ˵սж˴Ȼǵصߴûһ
սսս
һ쳹أսս׼
޵У
ͬʱУһ˾Ѫսչӭ裬ս£һ̫ʱϳҧɽͰһǿĹ⻷Ѹٷ
Ϣɫ΢ף֮ǰŵĴս˵ļȻãã纣ϯߴȴٴֱͦ˱ͬһʵɽͣΪ
ڴһ̣Ψսѣ
һࡪ
ϣ
һȣͬʱйâһԾǰȥ

ѾΪߴߣֻҪ߽ߴĹơ
˿ң
쳹ս
֮ǰĴսÿ˶ǿ֮ĩһԶûеʱµһ̣ʧȥһУԶ
䣡
ԾͬʱüģһصĽɫģǿҵĵϵȻ֡

ıһһ޴ĺڰ̫ΪģѸϯս̫һ̫塢аˡ˴峤ͼԼж֡
ڳֵʱ򣬴غͻʴԭ½磬һҵĲ޾Ĵ֮ӿ磬Ծ˵ٶȹ᳹ڣΪý飬ƾѸ䣬ע̫һ̫塢аˡ˴峤ͼԼжڡ
ӴĹע£ԭǿ֮ĩˣϵϢ˲ˮǴߣ̶ֻʱ䣬ʹﵽһ˵ĵز
ӵĵ
ʱͻȻؼЦЦֻһ۾Ϳϵʵ
Ȼڽµӡ½ȡ
ϧϧΪ޻ǻ棡
ȻһЦ漴˵ĿУұ۸߸߾
¡
գ֮䣬һŨҵϢ̹Ȼӿû
ǹҡࡢڰ޾Ļԣһ·ûͻʴԭֻһ죬˵ĿУͻʴԭ·һ޸ѣ˲һ޴ѺۣᶫֱӽԭһΪ
һлԶֹˡ
ָ߾ٵͬʱִϺɫء
һ̣ɽѣӶ
԰Ƶ£һ貵Ĺ⻷˲ѣϼӳֵӴϢҲһʧӰ١
û˴ļӳ֣˲䱻ԭΡ
еЩ޴ݴһͨҫ۹˲Ϩ
һҲơ
ֹˣԭ֮ϻָϢڽڸǣֵɲǣ·ĳֶضһЩӿȥĵϵ˲Ͽ
һ˲䣬塢̫һ̫塭˵ɫɷޱȡ

쾹ȻնݵҲضдԴ
ө֮ҲԣӲ޵ͽΪƾܺ޿𣿡
첻мϴһ̣
ԭƾӵ˻һս֮ڣϣ˲仯ΪӰ
죬һлûн
̥壡
ʯ䣬屩һâһ̥˲
飡
һ̥ڵӿȣȫڡ
ʱѾûκ壬Ψм̥ſһս֮
ˣ
̥ϢٴαǣȻֱӿ쾳ٴαƽ벽䡣
ֹˣΪ˺һս̥ǵԼڡ
Դ̥֮ĸǷǳҪһˣ̥ҲܵĥӰ죬ʱѾѡ
ϣ
ľһֱ̥ӻΪһɫ׸ϡϵĵ̥ΪһӨ͸տɫǹСڵڶ̥Ϊͷͷľ϶Ϊһ
䣡
õͷļӳ֣ľֱӱǣնӰ¶Ť
û˿ԥһ̣Բǧڣʱ֮Ϥֻһ˸˲ʧǹһɱе졣
ݺ
һû忿͵һĳɲǼ䣬̹̣䣬ֻһƣɽԶԶԽڵļ˲ݺݻ塣
ۣ
ֻһ죬һ͵һѪ߷ݰ㣬ԶԶɳȥһڵأ֮ݣ޾ʯը̳ǧ֮ߡ
һֱϵʱաʱ֮ϵһ̥仯Ҳˡ
֮ǰǾ߷ڵҪǿ̫ˡ
νԤ֮Ҳˣڸо޵Ĳ𣿡
ĿǼЦʵ֮ǰġ족ֻ֮һϷˡ
䣡
Ҳ룬һ˵塣

һĻа˻͵ذεضȫ켱ضȥ
֮
ؼ˺԰ƵĽ飬˲УɽХѹȥ
𣡡
ͬʱ˴峤Ҳżεض˲Ϣ䣬һ޴İӣﵽ֮Юһɴ⡢ա޼᲻ݵų칥ȥ
̫һ̫塢ͼ˽ųȥ
ֹ
ǰͺ̣ܲȥΣԲ¡
ߣƾǼҲ޿⣿
һߣм漴˲֡
弯̥֮ƴȫҲҲǶ֣˵аЩ쾳ߡ
ֻ͵һĳУаͬ԰ټƵѹԵûҷ

޴ĿӶУһĻ˫Ŀ࣬ġ
ˣ
һݣǿƣķȥ
ȻһѾˣΪûһ˿Ļᡣ
䣡
һĳ˴峤ֻüһ֡ͬɳľ޴ڰҵıըķѡ

̫һ̫壬ͼ½ǿ˫Ŀ죬һܲ˳ȥ񹥻
ȻԵʵǰȴɶ˻һûпھУӶıըҷ
ֻǿ߱㳹ʧؼ䡣
˶Ϊ˾ȥ󡭡ȫУ

һɲĶڵѪ
죬ɱ㣡
嶸ĻΪһģĲӰŰеȥȻӦȴĪܵһơ
䣡
һΣɳøԶܵҲأֻһ춯صıըͻʴԭ϶ʱֶһ뾶ǧ׵ľ޴Ӷֱ̳
ɱңƾڵ
һۣ̤գǰȥһ̣ض·³ѹԵҲֻܸ׳Ƴ
ˣ
һ죬һεס壬ӶڰС
һһصȫʹá
ʣ
ŭ
֪ΪαΪٵΨһ˰ɣһνԤԣھԵǰֻһЦѡ
̤գһʤߵ̬һȥ
壬ΪΨһһߵǰ𣿡
һ壬̤գÿһɽ֮һâӨ貣ͻȻüģǵڶüĹâ䣬ǹâУȻֳһſ籦ʯѣĿľ塣
Щ帡֮Ժ֮ʯͻȻ𶯡
֮ʯ
һɲֻûһŶҪըˡ
üĸֵľ岻һſ֮ʯ
Щ֮ʯͬɢϢͱȴһģһ
飡
δ֮ʯȻһַʽǰнʱ
һšššüĸֵ֮ʯȻﵽ߿֮ࡣ
Ҳ޷Ӻܾ֮ǰʼ޾Щ֮ʯӵߣһĳѾǵһˣǼÿ˶ķʽߵǰÿһΣǶΪԼؼ壬ֻϧ˶ʧˡ
ֻüĵ֮ʯ޾Ϳȫռˣ


ڶǧİһʮ ֮
ү
ʱһ̼ԶãͺķӣһĻ׷ķ˹
ͬʱʿҲķ
ϣ
쿴һĻüͷ΢壬漴ܿЦһҪЩͳͳ
䣡
Ȼûȵ֣ɲǼ䣬һɰľɽ͵ĺݺݺԺ֮С
ſˣ
ͬʱɫߣͬƴȫ졣

ɫ䣬ֻһ˲ָ
ãͺķСʵĹ˵΢ֻܳ䲻⣬ֲ׼£в
ȻһлԶûн׼𿪵ͬʱ¡Ȼһ漴һִɫ̺޾Ļȥ
챾ǲٿľǿߣһܲһֱѾﵽ˽ǧ֮ޣ̺Ϻ
һɲǣҲ΢΢ɫ䡣
ɫУȻоԯʥ

սһ䣬һӴɽХһ㣬ڱŷ
䣡
һҽУãͺķʩɺӵ˲䱻ǹ侳ķѣΪҷɡ
УСҲ˲ⴴʶѣʣµĲƲصķ˳ȥˤڵϣϢޡ
µľ޴ɫͬеԯʥҲǹɿɲֱûɢΡ

ͬʱըҲݺݵɳȥǿµĻ֫ٺ˲ȫľҲûٵ
ٱˣСʣҵ
˵ڳ֮УԶɳȥõˣѾ֪Сʣֻʹޱȣ궼ڳ鴤
Сʡ
ԶԶģ忴Сʵʬ壬˫ĿѾʧȥ˽㣬ȴԼķƺڴߴԼϿܡ
һΣΡ
ѾǲСǶٴηܲľԼˡ
˵һεʶ죬˺СʾһֱԼˣԶΧԼ
ֻϧԼȴȲ
̫ٱãͺķӣЩȻԼɱȴΪԼ
һɲ֮ĵεΣȫԺ۽ˮ
ЩˣеǰеѣʦаϺ˴峤ǡ˶ȫȫԼ׷Լ
ǵԼ˭ҲȲˡ
Ƶ۹ľӢڴˣѾû˭Կ죡
֮ʯ𣿡
ʱһӶд͸۽ǵ⣬忴ƮƮ̤գԼ
ɫ߰һ䣬ƿ䡣
ûв´ոǵӦʲô㴴İɣ
ЦЦƺѶϤеܡ
֮ʯԶ˽Ķöࡣ
û˵ֻһ˫ŭĶ졣
䣡
ҲһҪɱ
ʣ
ߺޣ

ϧֻʵ㻹ʲôƣȫʩչɣ
һƬҶӰ䵽ϣߵԡ
ڵ弸ȫϣһˣѾȫû˺ıǮ
ôư
һһΣÿһЩ֮ӱƵһ
ϣû˵ֻǺݺݵض죬ȫ죬Ŀ⣬һһ㣬ѵƶ
ھʹޱȣȫ飬٣Ҳ߾ȫƾ־ۼڵĹ
䣡
Զᣡ
꣬ĿУ徹Ȼһӵ
κʱҲǰ䡣
ɱ
һȣû˱ڵ״˽ˣȻҲû뵽徹Ȼֵز
Ȼܿ죬عЦһĿ͸һ˿䣬͵һ̤£ڻǵķѣعѣӴֱӽĴѹ˵ز֮С
Ѿһˣֻּʲô壿
Ц
Ȼֶþû˵ƣôֵˣ
ϣһ죬Ǳɳȥԯʥһ£С
Ž£ɫ԰ףѪ߰ߣȫʧȥ˵ֿ壬¶һ˿
֮ͬͬӸ£ϰ
ǸĶ֣
ˣ
͸һ˿̣һ̣ۣǱԯʥ˲£ݺݵĴ࣬ζڴϡ
һ̣Ѫӿеһ֮
ʹȫͼ㾡ȫȻһжֲǱ
ֱĴдؿڴڵԾ˵ٶʧһʱҲȫɢ
һۣ忴Ӹ£ӣԼԶ޾ĺɱ
ǰѸٱģ忴ǲڶյỤ̃ҲһƬգƺڱѣһжմһѪɫ
𡭡
һ̣ʱ·ԽԽģգһƬã
һɲ֣ȫԺ
塰һʮ޾սһϤεӣЩȫ˺ۣһԼʲôһǰͺ̣սУǰ
塰ϱȥĸĸ󲮡Сúʹ硭ضͱѵĴء
ӿ
ƴȫҲ޷𣿡
૵ʹޱȡ
ƴȫ֮ս˹֮սʳ֮սͰ»ɽ֮սԼ󺮳¼һɲһоۻһּٶȴǰӶ
ҹҹƴȫһ̶иͳͳˣûһʱ̵ϢѵƴУҲ޷ıԼ
ڰ
޾ĺڰ
һ̣иоһּȵľ޾ʹ࡭һ˿Ĳʡ
ѵĴν
ѵƴҲ޷ıĶ
ƮƮ޾ĺڰг١
һȺϣֻҪȡ֮ʯͿһԸˡ
ʶԽԽɢʱͻȻ֮䣬һģƺ޾ңԶľ룬С
䣡
ͺһ£һԭɢ࣬һɲǰĺڰͻȻƿһЩһ˿ӳٴοϤס
һֻץԼü֮ʯڵλã಻ѡ
һ̣ٴοϵ飬䡢м߸ϣͬoͷ·еһУı΢Сͬһ㡣
ˣ
һ̣жĲһǰδеķŭ
ϣ
У֯УЩȨıŪߵУԼ޾һһһһ۹һֻֻϺϵȺ
־׼˵еĲ
ΪСΪ΢Ϊأⳡ漰գһսУʲôҲ㲻ϡ
΢ӣ
Уµķ
ķ
Ϊˣǿ޼ɵ¾һһĺƽ١
Ϊǣһû䣬˵룬ףĸףСã硭Լеˣڼʹȥ
ǸʱԼһֻ
ȻϣȻ˶٣Ҳ޹ؽҪ
ǣ˭߹ģ

ϣ
һɲ˫Ŀ죬ͻȻһǿҵĲʡ


ڶǧİٶʮ ɫȷ
Σ
Σ
ѵ΢С͸ñΪϣ̤
ѵǿ񣬾Ϳ¾


Ҫвϵļ״ƣ
䣡

һ̣Ҳ᳼
ǽ֣
ⲻǽ֣
һлûн죬Ӯ
¡¡
һ̣еĲʡԹ޺ͷŭһ𣬻Ϊһ˻ߵŭ
ݴ飬ɢѾ
һǹӴԹǿֲԽӲĴԵ˻
¡
ޱߵͻʴԭϣûκףȻһñҹɫҪͬһʱ䣬һ޴ľնȻը
һɲ춼ƺоʲô΢΢ɫ
һĺڰУһͻȻ
⵽ǿҵ
ڤڤУͻȻоһϤһƬڰУٴο֮ʯ
ˣ
һ̣û巴ӦһεоԼʶ˲һռ䡣
֮ʯڲռ䡣
ˣ
ֻһɲǣַ·ͣһƬ͵ĹУ忴һģӰ
ʼ廹ûзӦһ̣ڱϳǵӰ
£
ڴ㵣ͻȻԼǰӰȻϤѾȥʥʡ
ǣǵʥʵʶѾ磬뵽֮ʯıԴռôᡪ
֮ʯ
һɲͻȻʲô
Ѿоˣ𣿡
ʥͻȻǰڵ
ǰ߶ʱҲͻȻ˺ܶ࣬ȴ͵Ŀ⣬֪ǰֻʥʵһƲлꡣ
ȫˣԸоõʥʵʶƬڱԴռߣҲ˵ǰġʥʡʥǰµġ
ֹˣоռʵϢȻԶֹһﵽ˰˵֮࣬ϣ廹оԼͬʵ
ǡ֮ʯ
ʯ䣬Ժһͷʱࡣ
ˣ
ͷйâãһӰѸٳգǵӰ쳣ģȫ𲻳٣ȴ֪Щȫ֮ʯӵߡ
ˣ
뵽˴ʱʥЩӰüĶ֮ʯͶӰ
⵽ô£

˵
ʥʿڵĿ͸һ˿
һѾͷӦѾоܵΡŭͲʡһƴȫȥսֻϧǶʧˣܶ˵֮ʯֱӱߣ壬㲻һ
ʥʿ壬ĿйâãЩҲЩο
壬֮ʯһߣҲ֮ʯرӵߣҪǣӵǶӵеĶ
ʲô
һʶʵ
ӵбǸǿִԽ磬ӵбǸ⣬ĸҲиǿҵػ
ʥһ֣ص
ԣʱסˡ
֪Щףܽܹµ˵һС벻˵ˣҲֻƿأһһֻء
ĬһɲͷӹԺЩףǰһӦöеķŭйء
һΪǿҵͷ֮ʯʹԼٴڿƺҲͬʹԼ֮ʯؿռ䣬ʥʡ
ɣ
ʱһ
ʥʺ󷽣ߵӰУһӰǰ
ԯ
𶯡
ܾ֮ǰ˶ĴںҰģ֮ʯȾָϧƾǵĶ֣Դʱÿ˶һЩ֡
ԯǰ˵
Сӣǵ칬ж˵Уġ
ںܾ֮ǰ֮ʯһԤԣ֮ʯƾճֵģÿһ֮ʯӵ߶һʹһʧܣͻһµĵ
˳ɹôһоͻᵽΪֹڵھ֮󣬽ᵮһ֮ʯӵߣе֮ʯҲǿģϣʧܣɻңһжʹսᡣ
ԯ
һԵʥʣӰ˵ͷȻǶ֪Ԥԡ
ɻңһжʹս᣿ʲô˼
üͷʵ
֪ԯеΣָߡ
Ҳûа취ش㣬ֻ֪Ǳһ޴Σ춼֪Ϣͳǵķ롣ǲһܹ֪ǱصĻΣʲô
ԯһ֣ص
Ҹôôܴ죿
˼
ûκΰ취ֻн侳ܶԸ
ʥʴʱڵɫޱȡ
ֻ侳ܶԸ侳
ԯ˵ͷһ
˴֮ʯ֪˶˺֣ڻûг֮ʯԻ޷еİء㲻ͬӵ֮ʯԴٻе֮ʯҽʮ֮ʯڶΪһ۳֮ʯǿ̬
侳˶㡣
ռУͻȻ𣬾ԯʥһģӰѸٱʵͷڣһɫۣĿ£Ͷһޱߵĵ
ʼʣ
˵죡
ʼʳ
ΧӰԯʥڣȫ֣صĵͷ
˶Уֻʣһˡ
ֹϣҲ˵ϣ
ˣ
δ䣬âһʥʡԯʼʡۡռӰ˲ΧһֱֻֻͬʱϣɲǼ䣬һɹǿӿС
壬һжźˣ˾Ϳˣ
һɲʥʵ޵ļС
ͳͳʧһɹӴ̺ŨҵӿС
ʧ忴һϤĹâĻ֮ʯĿռУ¶һŹâ貵˶ɫӡ
ɫӣ
˳ǵɾԼӣ߰ɾ˵ǡӡ
Ȼܾ֮ǰ͵õӣɾҲᵽӷǳҪʼûá
Ȼʱ˿̣ʱ̣ٴμӣֻǺһοĲͬǰ˺ܴ仯ͺǡ
ѿһ㣡
ֹˣоƺһֱڴȡĳӷ仯ԭ
㵵ǣǹȻԼ
֮⣬ǿŽɫӵڲ廹оһ΢ȴ쳣Ϥģ֮ʯϢһɲƺʲô
һһĪǰ򣡡
ʱһ𣬾ڽɫԣ忴һϤӰ
ǰ
幪һ񣬿ڵ
ǰǵӰǴɾ֪˲Ĵɾ
ɫǴɾӰֻǴɾµһʶӡѡ
壬𣿡
ɫԣɾֻǵ˵ͷڵ
˵ͷ
ûп㣬ֻԾ΢֮һ·ҪԼȥߣֻܴܲأ²Ϳˣ
ɾһۣ˵仰˻ΪӰһ㣬Ѹʧ
ռžռֻʣǿŲϳɳĽɫӡ
ǰлˡ
аŴɾʧĵطһȻ󳹵׷ſģɽɫӴԼȫ
ܾ֮ǰɾ˵ɫӵĳɳѿȱһʱɾû˵ʱԼҲ̫һ̣Ѿףɫһʲô
һݺϢϢصĲ֮ġ֮ģԼһɶΪǿҵ֮ĺػ֮ġ
䣡
ֻƬ̣ƺϼȡ㹻ɫ͵رһǰδгĹâ
ǳҵĹâӿ磬糱ˮϯܣذͬʱһǿޱȵŨעС

ɱ
Ϊү
½磬ͻʴԭϣʿ۾ˡ
Ȼ֮߱ʿǿ˲֪ٱΪ˧Ҳǰδеȫ˷һ͵سߴɱ
ϣʬԽԽ࣬ɽ
ƤӸƴˣ
һ֮࣬Уҧ𿴵ԶǴӶķѵ壬Ҳ͵ŭڣ師ͳķ˹ȥ
ֹˣλǰϽҲĿѣųȥ
Ȼˣûȳҧ˿˾ײһεǽɲǼ䣬һɻԵײѪģ
һˣûߵսע˿ȫڵϵϡ


ڶǧİٶʮһ ǰĲ֣
֪ΪʲôһֲԾĸо첢ûйᣬеǿ߶ѾҷƾӴߴѾûĶ֡
õ֮ʯ޾ͿһԸˣ
Ŀٴα
һֱûȫЩ֮ʯԶеܣҲûȫ͸ΪǿĴڣȴԸо̺ǹǿ󡢲˼͹
ֻҪ֮ʯܳɹȡӴ󡢲˼
ˣ
ʳжָһ죬ѸٵüģͬʱһӴӿԺ
һУѼ죬ֻҪһͷͿ׵Ĵڰ֮ʯ
䣡
Ȼ˵ʱʱ죬ԺѾס֮ʯʱ벻鷢ˡ
ֻһԺе֮ʯͻȻâʢһӴɽХһбŷȻӲ
ֹˣӴֱӻΪһֱһҵĽɫ֣Ӳˡ
˵Ļں棬ϣ徭ļҴսټһ֧飬ϣ­Ƕ鿪Ĳˡ
һ̣һɹɽɫĹâʵҽһ㣬Ĵʣ鲻ֺ
ǽɫĹâ̺һӴĲ˼ЩӴԲ˼ٶѸ޸壬ľڵ帹࣬еĹϣұԽǿ
ͬһʱ䣬һѸٴڱ
ܣܣ
һĻ͵۾Ļ۵Ĳ˼顣
û˱Լֵ첢Ǽ򵥵ش壬ͬʱҲش꣬ǹӵв˼ƻãܻκε
죩ɱˣܸ
ǡ
䣡
ü͵ӹһĨŨҵɱŭ⣬û˿ԥʯ䣬ĵһ͵ؾһȭݺݵĺ˵ϵ塣
һȭ֣û£ӴĻѾʹձѣֳһڿֲĿռѷ졣
䣡
ֻһ죬غķѣֱȻǵɫĹȴһӰ㣬Ѹʧԭء
ܲˣ
Ŀ̾ٴλá
Ѿȷϣ֮ǰ״ֲԾĸоȫԴϡ
ǹʲôһ˿һĻᣬûκֹ֮ʯ
䣡
һ̣һһɱ֮ǰӴڱһɲԿХ˲ֳ޴֮ӰֹˣͬʱıӰһأӴޱȵӰٴγֻ֣һΣۻﵽ
һ̵ϢֱӴﵽһͿ־ļ֮֮ǰʱҪǿ
ϷʲôһȭҪ峹׵Ļҷʬ¡
ˣ
ȻŸոһǸ࣬ڰҵ֮ûüȥɲǼ䣬·ʱ䶨˲䶨һ
Ļޱȣһϣһ¶һ˿Ŀ־塣
ܣܣ
ģԼüģһǣԼԺе߿֮ʯЩʱ⣬òײŵ֮ʯͻȻţͺܵĳǣȻȫƿء
꣬ҹͣļЩ֮ʯѰúԼأΪһ壬˵߿֮ʯܵڵҲܵӰ졣
߿֮ʯӰ£һ̵쾹Ȼȫã巢𹥻
ȻһлԶûн
ˣУھԼĵطԭѾ壬Ƥһ£͵üģһ˶֮ʯ޵УͻȻ֣ͬĲš
һĻ춸ʲô
û˿Դ֮ʯ˭ҲУ
ҧгݣжıһŭòݲһߵڣΣеһֻϣһܣһжȡٵѪ
䣡
һǣҲȫǱһɿֲľ͵رΪģԲڣе֮⣬ڶڣ˲ȫҷ
ͨüĵ֮ʯϵĶҲͬԷ߿֮ʯϵǿ顣
߿֮ʯκһŶԶûüǿľ޴󣬵߿żһȴС
Ҫǣ帴ҲĶ֡
֮ڣ˿ɵУ
죬ˣ
ƴȫʱ촽΢ţͻȻ˵˵һ仰
ڵʱڵϢ˲Ծ˵ٶȱ仯
ԭ֧飬죬ϣҲѾʧȥ֮ͨǿ̫ࡣ
һ̣ɫӵ˵Ϣ˲䷢˷츲صı仯ڶ̶ʱڣʼαǣ侳侳侳ʥ侳ʱﵽ΢뵽˶쾳һԾ˵ٶ
һ̣ͷ·һ޴ĺڶûʩչκεĹؼ䣬Ծ˵ٶȷӿڡ
ɫӼӣѿΪá
ߣϷʲô㶼Զ޵Ķ֣
Ļɫޱȣû˿ԥĶȫȻֱӽһֵĸߵȼӿ뵽߿֮ʯС
ô꣬ȻûЩ֮ʯҲǺ޽չѾ˲֮ʯҲܹƷӡ֮ϣռ֮ԭ
ˣ
ֻһɲǵʱ䣬üĵ߿֮ʯţ˲ųüĵ֮ʯͬϢֹˣ߿֮ʯУӿһɹɫĹâˮʶ£עڣͷӡ
һɲĽͻȻӿһɹ籾Դ֮ڡ
յĿľΪʮ֮ʯıԴ֮׵ĻΪá
Ȼֻһ˲ûȫӳ߿֮ʯͻȻ֮䣬߿֮ʯУȻһɼǿų
ֹˣ߿֮ʯڲͻȻ֮˼ɲͬϢͺͻȻ֮һբһ㣬ʱ谭֮ʯϵ
ⲻܣ
ֳһ˿𶯡
Щ֮ʯѾмʱ䣬ڹȥʱεʹЩ֮ʯȴûзǰ
ң߸Ѿʱ⣬ѾȫɱĨ֮ʯеϢôܡ
ˣ
뵽˴ȫһ˲ʲô


ڶǧİٶʮ 䣡
֣
߸ȫѾǾȻȫһЩֶΡ
ˣ
죬𣡡
ԺУһӰȻ֡
ģϴŵǰĻʵۣ
ҲĶ֣Ҳֹȡ֮ʯԸ㡣
֮Ҳ޵ǰ
ͨ죬е֮ʯӵУһģҲǵ׵ģûԳ֣׵նɱϵ֮ʯ
ǿֻԶѣ죬㵱ŪЩֶΣΪ޿𣿡
ʱһ֮ĵӰһ֮ʯ˳
ޣɱȥһ޾ıŶԸ㡣
ϵϢɽ纣Ȼ֮ʼҲѷɫڴˣȻһ۱ϳ˺ȻΪݿ˲ĺۡ
ƾǣ
ŭЦɱ
һȺˣֻһлѣΪκβھĨȥһʶл꣬ǳ׵Ļҷ𣡡
һ䣬ͷȫĨȥ֮ʯµӡǡ
죬Ȼ̫߰Ҳ̫Ըˣ߹ԼҲ͹ˣ
ʱǰǾԤ֪˽һĻѾĲãƾǼ֮ʯеĲл굱Ȼֹ㣬½µЩֶΣһȻͲһˣ
һӰ֮ʯ߳Ϣ֮ۻҪǿ
ˣ
½µЩֶΣжһ䣬Ƥ¡
ôܣ
ôֶܻΣ
ΪʲôȻ֪
޾ǵģ
ŭӿû˿ԥһӴģΪ֮ɫľ˲߿֮ʯڲҪĨµĲʶѾˡ
¡¡
ͬʱ𶯣ʱ˿̣Ŀӹؿռ䣬һ·ٵңԶľݸء
ݡݣӺݣݣݣݣԥݣݣݣչžݵĻݵľŴط𶯣ڵصССʯһǣ£׷׸ϰա
Щʯ룬һʮ֮صľ޴ʯϸȥÿһ޴ʯϣһصķġ
ſ޴ʯŸͬطģÿһͬ
Щ޴ʯֵͬʱΧһһ㣬ЩʯΪģ˲ֳһ޴ķЩСҲﵽǧ֮ޡ
ſž޴ʯУһɹӴϢѸٸ֣е߹ɺ֮ʯеϢһģһȻʥʺԯµġ
ܣܣ
ţҲͰˣԯ̫ȫһ
ƵԯĸԸս칬ģ֮λԯмҲԯʱй¶ģԯڽ칬֮ǰӦú֪Ŷԣô˿֪µֶΣ
̫ңĳ̶ֳҲǡޡڻʹ֮У쾩ʦеŲѾ壬ʲôʱھݲֶΣ
ѵ˵ںǰǾ֪ĳЩ飬ҲֶΣ
вԱУ죬̫ˣע޷ɹ
ʱǰһӰ֣ǻƵԯ
ǿ֮ʯͶӰġ
죬Եһ棬գҲûսһվˣ
һâգʥ̫ͬһۣ̤˳
µֶѾЧһʯüĸֵ߿֮ʯŷԽԽǿĹâ
Ǿеϵ߿֮ʯӦǿЩ֮ʯ
ǰµǿҾĻۣñӵǿ
κʱ˶ѹƵ죬ǿжȡЩ֮ʯҽԺ֮Уⷴǯõʱͷʽ
ܣܣʲôʱµֶΣ޲֪ܲ
ǰ̫ң˳
ʮǰھʦʹñֶΰ֮ǰ
ʥûֱӵ˴𰸡
䣡
仰۾仰˵
ʮǰ
ڳ侳֮ǰ
ôҲû뵽𰸾Ȼ̫ҾȻ֮ѾֶΡ
̫ңСˣСˣǻûӮôֶΣҲûã޾ͽµȫһһ飡
Ļɱ㣬죬ϵۣףħҲҪĺûκ˿Իܵ
ǳ룡
ʱһԶգͻȻ˵ˣ
ЩľͲģǿȡҲûκ塣
Ϣǣʱ˿̣ﵽ˰벽䣬ԶԶԽ֮ǰ״̬񶼼䱥ﵽһ۷徳硣
Ӧ£üĵ֮ʯǱ°Ĺâ
䣡
ָֻһţüĵķңңһץһ̣üĲ߿Ų֮ͬʯ·ܵĳǿһ㣬Ҫƿնȥüġ
üĵ֮ʯϢɫǴСԶԶԽ졣
˵֮ʯһˣôʣǸֻ塣
оüĵı仯ڻıɫ
꣬ĸ֪Уһſ֮ʯԽԽɶ챬ȫϢֹҲ޷赲ơ
ǵˣֿʱǹӴָԽԽǿ
壬ڣ
ڤڤУԯͻȻ
䣡
δ䣬üһ֮ʯ˲ƿնֱӷ塣

һͼȡǿ֮ʯһжѾ޷ı䡣
飡
߿֮ʯȫƿնͬһʱһӴбŷɳȥ
һ֮ʯſ֮ʯЩ֮ʯɳǵϵжϣһɲǣܵ˾޴ķɡ
һ࣬߿֮ʯͬͶ֣üĵ֮ʯںһɲǼ䣬һȫµģδйޱȵ֮ʯˡ
ڻ谵£ǿ֮ʯĹâ¶Ϊ֮Ȼʧɫ
һɲǣܵһǿģǰδе
壬Ǿֻܰ㵽ˣµľͿԼˡ
ǻסƬ̣ζҪɹ
֮ʯֻǼ򵥵ںϣûг׻ָӣҪﵽ侳ſ
ϵһˣ
ʯ䣬ƺƣԯʥʣۣʼʡһ֮ʯӵ߲ϸ֣ǵӰģ֪ǵڲɢҪ˶ãǾͻ᳹׵ʧ֮䡣
λлˣ
ûйԣһ̣Ŀ㣬͵ĳһڵ޾ա
ͬʱݴزϵſյʯУһһӴϢϵĳ


ڶǧİٶʮ ؼʱ̣

һ֮쳹أԶԶȥλ֮ʯӵµвϱ仯գ֮侹ȻΪȥ
Ϣ̬ͬǣ룬ۣצȫ˺ֻ֣һ˲ȫڡ
õŹֻ˲Ϣ䣬ǡ
ԽԽߣϵĳ޾Ĳȥ
ĹУ忴սŨ̹һܣɽڲϵı
忴˳ǧãã纣ϴӴгߴŨŨϢǵĽ£һһصĺԾ˵ٶȲϵӶȥ
忴ս۵µս죬бصʬ
һ򡭡
岻֪µʬж٣ֻ֪Ŀʿͬոĵһ㣬սϣһ̣Ҳڿŭս
ûκ˷
Խؿռ䣬½ıԵ忴¥ͣںϣһӰڴףű
Զӹش󣬾ңԶӦ֮أ忴Ľ꣬ģڶӵܣ棬ɫţȫķڴ͵ǡ
ʳˣˣͻˣˡѾûκεĲ˶ϣڱȴⳡսϢ
ܿܿ
Ǵµ
ƽӹʵÿ˶ǸףĸףŮɷ򡭡ÿ˶ӵҵУÿ˶ʻʲôϣ
Ǿ㣬ң
죬ҾԸģ
Ժͷٶȼĳ
䣡
ڳƲɲǣ˲ſͬһʱ䣬žӴ˲ǲƣ뵽ȴӲй
侳
һɲʱ䶼·ֹ֪˶ãоԼһεϣ漴¡¡ڤڤз·޾ڶը˲оԼ뵽һȫµ硣

޾Ĺ
һɲоԼ·޾̫֮УĽ£һտɫϣ֮Ĺ˿ݺύһž޴硣
Ǳ
εĴЩ򣬵ֽǶȸ֪ǵĴȴǵһΡ
һˣǰһĻعı̬
޾Ĺͬɽأޣ㣬棬Ũ̡
ǳԽ
Խ֮󣬺ʾǡ侳
һɲ帣飬ͻȻ̧ͷգ޾̫忴һ嫵ģөâɵĺ
ʱ֮ӣ
ԶԴм¼ʷԿϲŭֺ˥
֮ǰյһ˿Ƶʱ֮ͬһģ糱ˮӿĺֻ̤Уʱ֮Ϊ侳ǿߡ
ˣ
Ŀһû˿ԥԾǵ嫵ʱⳤӰȥȻһ̣û˿ףھǵ嫵ĺɵĵطͺһιһ˲䱻赲
ߣģ
һľ޴蹵
ɲǼ䣬嶸ıɫ

ʱ򣬴ϣƺҲ֪һĻȻЦ
ͽһͽһǲôֶΣƴȫ赲ޣҲվֻǰ׷˼ˡ
䣡
ĿЦһŨҵϢ͵ر˲ԯµĽơ
һ̣֮ʯһӵµ׵ĴˣµʶӡҲȫɢƬ֮䡣
壬˵վġ
ſ֮ʯŸǽȫעڣֻϧ㾡ӵٶҲվǵòĳϣԶ޷ѣ뵽侳
Ц߿֮ʯǿжߵʱôһ̣ΪԼʧˣȻ·תһվӲա
ԯ̫ңʼʣۡ˶Ѿʶ𣬳ȥ֮䣬Ѿûκ
ԯ̫ң벻ɣڸõ޳ˣ
ЦһӹһĨɱ
䣡
һ̣Ϣ˲ڿն𣬳ȥ
ֻҪ廹ûͻƵ侳ԶĶ֣õʮ֮ʯҲվ·һ
ʮ֮ʯվӲġ
壬ɣ

˿飬쳹Ԫλա
˭˵ģ
ڿʼ̫壬̳дƵλΪݼ½֮մˣ
ʱһ϶Ӻ󷽵ս߲ͣڼҵսϣԶԶ޷⣬Ǹ߿УѾݳɵ죬仰ȴǻ𣬻ıɫ
ʯ䣬Ļͷ˳ķȥһ۱㿴սһӰ
ӰͷڣۣһģдõʥּվһͭϣΧһƵػ
һ˾޴Ĵ߸ߴӭ衣
ĵ̧죬ĿԵλǿڣҲû˿η塣
࣡
Լ½ĵ
ΪԶ죬ԶˣҲԶʥʣ
ⳡҵսϣҲսãͺķһս
Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽ʱͦվս룬ֱ졣
һɲǣؾ徲˵϶¶𺳵ɫΧȻ˺֪顣
һ̣еҲ¶˼𺳵ɫ
ûƵλĵݵʷϣһǻһǴĵ̫̫ˣУһֻ϶㲻ϣԸ⣬ʱնɱʼ춼ûƹλƵʵۡ
һ̣һȫͬ
λ壬ֲȱݣΪĵͬʱҲܹͬΪ֮
ͬʱҲζûκζֹܹ̤侳
ԣ
͵۾ҧгݣû뵽ȻƲڹؼʱ̸һ
仹ּ
һ࣬ȴȵ
ּ
ּ
ӭ»壡
ӭ»壡
ӭ»壡

һ˷ۺᣬƺʲô׷׹ȥ

߿Уŭɶû˿ԥһģһһӴǵأɽŵϵٺȥ
һƸǵķΧӴΪģԲɵķΧ֮С
һ£ȻѰûκ˿ѣǾ
ȻվͭϣȴɫƽȻ޾壬ƺԼϡ


ڶǧİٶʮ ʷϵڶǿߣ

ХһɲǣĿƺԽؿռ䣬
ʯ䣬ʶִԺзӶ
壬лл㣡
޾Զ¶һ˿̹ȻЦݣ
ллôʱҵĹգչˣ޵һѾûʲôźˣôһֵܣѣӣһӵĽôΣҲֵˣԭޣֻܽеζ׸ˡ
һ̣ӭµĻԺ˲εض𣬲ܣֱĳ˹ȥ
䣡
Ĺ֮ǰУҵıըԼ壬꣬ڵ׵

ǱըУһһǿҵȻ˲仯Ϊһצȫ;â㣬ֱĹ֮ǰƿգڵĿռȥ
һɲɽ𶯣ݹ
ԼΪۣΪ岹ȫһ߻ᡣ
֮˴˸Ӧ
εܵռͷĽεκιľ
ͻı仯춼ֹ
ľԶĻҪ

УһĻ춸ķһ춯صŭ

ͬʱ֮ϣҲһĻһжѾˣߵ޷һҲ޷ֹ
಻֪ʲôʱµľ˶סˣҲ֪顣
ˣ
ʯ䣬ֻüһֵĹȻǵںȫľצΪһ⣬˲û塣
䣡
λͬʱݣ½磬ңԶӦ֮أԼãã޾ȫĵ͹֮ϵ廥๲ԴԴϵ˷棬۶
һ̣õص֮ͬ󣬳½֮
һεĴƻʵۣ
˻ʣ
ǰǵιҲһ˲ʧˡ
䣡
ǿеıˣû˿ԥһȻȻӰͷϷǺƺƵʱⳤ֮С
ɲǼѣԭƽʱⳤӶʱɽХ޾ʱ֮͸ʮëףӿ뵽ڣڵϢ򲻶ϵɰ벽һ·ֱӽ뵽ˡ侳
ǽ֣
֮󣬲Ϣ֮Ӱ˲֣ȻһѾˣ޾ʱ֮ӿȣڣϢһ·ǣüǿ֮ʯ£ֱӳԽ졣
һɲǾ
侳
ӹ񣬵ڶ侳ǿ߾Ƥµˡ
ǰѾûκƣֹˣﵽ侳֮һ˿ҲѾüĵʮ֮ʯǼ򵥽һ𣬶ǳںϳһȫ塣
һֻ̣üǿ͸Өһ֮ʯ
ߺΪһ壬ûܴ϶֮ʯ
׷룬һ̻ΪӰ
Ӧˣ
һɲϺͰ»ɽͬʱ쳹գǷŭͲʡ
䣡
һ̣һĻͰ»ɽŭ𣬶򵨱˾Ȼѡʱ巢Ϯ컹ǰ»ɽ޷ʧܣ޷峬ԽԼʵ
죬»ɽ֮Թ˽ˣ
޾ʱⳤУĶȻɫƽû˿
վʱⳤУһ̣ʱ䡢ռ䡢Լ͸򣬲չҳԽκʱ
ȥڣδ޾ʱⳤУЩ䣬ʧеûֻƬκμأʱⳤУȴ¼еĵεΡ
忴˹ȥҲδͰ»ɽеĵεΣЩԼǵãȴʱⳤпС
ȻҲͬһУѧᣬգʩչؼ
ʱⳤûܣ
޾֪ʶϢϷӵ㣬ЩľҲյĹвϵرըʽÿһαٱʱ֮ؽ
ʱ˵ʱѾûκ壬һ۷壬۷塭ľƼ뻯㣬Ͻﵽһ˵ĸ߶ȣ춼ﵽĿֲ߶ȡ
һ̣۾죬ʱ˿̣罭ӺĹſɳɡ
ʱ֮ϣѾȫѹơ
ˮŶŭͰ»ɽֻǼ򵥵ĳһơ
֮ŭ
һɲ½磬λ棬޾棬Ȼ
𺧵ĿУȻԳһͨ쳹صľ޴ӰӰۻΪƣȴۻӴʮ
ǵӰأᴩ˳ʱⳤӣһ·ӵ޾УӰ֣ӳ뵽½˵С
ǱͻʴԭϵʿԶӦ֮صͨգңԶ綼ܹΪ֮Ӱ
䣡
һ̣ͨ쳹׵ľ޴Ӱͨͬһĳޱ޼ʵĻ˲·Ͱ»ɽ


һɲڵ˲䱬ըھ޴ĳ£ڵİ»ɽͬʱһʵĲҽС
ɲǼ䣬ͬǣھ޴ĳ£һ·ؿռ䣬ײȥ
¡
ײڴϣһ̣ͻʴԭ緢ʮ½綼Ȼһ̳ա
޴ĳͻʴԭΪģϷ䣬ѸٿԽ½磬ɽزͣǿҵĳ½޾
䣡
ӳ֮󣬶кͬʱһĺХľﵽǧ֮ߣޱȡ

һ̣ս޾ãã纣߶оɱ仯ս˻Щһܼܻеɱ¾ߴҲͣ˶Գһ˿͡
䣡
һ̣û˿ףߴͷ·ܵ޴һͻȻת򣬲תͷһֻţ糱ˮһʱͨ
ޱȣܶײһ
⣬ô£
սϣʿѾ˺ۣƣÿһ˶Ѿﵽܼޡ
һս˶ս׼˭Ҳû뵽ЩߴȻڴʱͻȻȴ
ˣ
ˣ

һ˲䣬սеʿ
үһү
սУӥȸϲã߷ô仯ǽǾˣֻԼүڲóΪүǱ¡
ͬʱһˣйâһһӰͻȻ䵽˵ϡ
ǵӰʿһ춯صĻ֮֮ǰҪ쳹ء
£
£

һ࣬΢ΣȺĻըġ
΢̳ȫɢ̳УȻ¶һӰ졣
һлûн
Ͼ侳ǿߣǿȣԶԶ󣬼ǿֲһҲδȥˣʱѾǰδеشԶˡ
вԱУ죬ʧˣ
ǰͣ½ŲɫƽޱϲڵѾʧȥѾûΪıǮ


ڶǧİٶʮ 족ĩգ
ϣ
ûйԣһ죬һԽԯʥ˲伤С
СҲ̤ģ죬ӭɣ
˫ֳֽ߸߾𣬾Ҫ֮˽
壬һ£
˵ʱʱ죬׼µɲǣһϤͻȻ
΢عһ۾Ϳ಻ԶĵطһϤӰǴʳ˾
Դǰһμ棬˾ҲûгֹսʱҲûпӰ
Ҫһ̣˾ȴٴγˡ
óΪ˾侳֮ٴ˾оһЩǰӲֵĶ
ڴ˾ڣȻһЩˣȴڴ˾ϸо˿⡣
壬ܷһæʱȱɱҺ𣿡
˾壬һ
Ĭһ˫üͷ
֮ˣֻҪһ˿һĻᣬпܶɽΪ䡣
ģѾϾѾ޷Ϊˡ
ͬһʱ䣬һһط಻ԶһطѿһϤӰ߹ڲŨĹŴϢ˳
ǰ
ǵӰж¶һ˿㵡
ֻһ˲ʲô
նʮҶ޷ѣһжжұΪҪͣ˯챻شɢҲڣѾûʲôܽˡ
죬һ㲻뵽ɣ
ӻǰǰ仹Ƕ˵ģһȴ˺ۣϢ΢졣
ã޹ǧ꣬벻ˣҲ޵°ܽ
Цɽˮ֮ʱҲ˿ǹذİ
޲ҪΪ˶ɣ
ֻ̾Ϣһҡҡͷ
ˣȻǧ꣬ΪУҲѣҲ־ͬϣսѵһ̵ġ
ӵ
仰΢Цȥʱһ仰˵
ʱһ࣬˾Ҳߵǰ
죬ǵ𣿡
˾
ͽ
ŭǳ⣬ǰΣλ֪Ǹͨ籨ţڱľǴ˾
ˣϸ
˾ҡҡͷٴοڵ
˵ţ˾һ̣ͺƳĳӡһ㣬һȫ£ȻͬϢȻӴ˾ͷŶ󣬹ӰһİӰ۴䣬ɮ£ǰ
죬һˣڼˣ
Ӱ죬Ȼڣɣѡ
˻ûʲôӦǵϵȴ׻
һ㣡
һɲĿоĲš

ͬʱ𶯣Ҳ˳һ̣ڴ˾ǵӰϣҲоһ˿ϤϢ
֮ʯϢҲ磬һ֮ʯϢ
ˣӨһɹʱ֮ٶһ̣ƺҲ͸޾ʱⳤʲôƤ΢΢һ¡
һһģĪǰ죬ǰҾͶ˵ӲΪݽ棬ҲΪݽ棬һ죬һ˳սıУһжѾӦˡ
һ죬
ܣѾ㡭
𺧣ȣδǰǿĵ˻ţҾԡ
ǰѾɱң֮ʯ𣿡
һ˫ֺʮһݣ
ʱ֪޷ֹ㣬֮ʯֻһƲлϣسظô꣬ҿһһ磬ݻ٣ôر鲼ʬһֱڵȴţ֪Ȼһֱֹ㣬Ǹվ֡
һôֻ꣬ʣлƮʲôˣֻһԹߵķʽһһҾǰվһнˡ
죬ˣʼĳʲôⶼɡ
ڵʼĳԱۣһб÷չһϧ;޷ͷ
Ҳһ̾Ϣ
޴𣿡
쵹ڵϴЦЦǼ
ֻ޲ǸˣɱΪ塢ӡһΪӮû޵磬Ŀʼ󲻷һܣռĽֻЩжѣ죬Ǹ绹кܶܶࡣ
ˣ
仰˷׷ױɫ
Զסһ̣һлԶûнѴһ̲ſʼ
һ仰˶壬¶һ˿ζЦݡ
䣡
һ̣˵ĿУʱⶨ챣һ̵ĶԾ˵ٶѸٸ࣬Ҳͬ۳㣬ҷɢؼ䡣
ΪؼҲǿĴڣѾ꣬ѾԶԶԽ෶룬һжǿΪۣɢȻҲ޷ؼ䡣

һ紵ؼһƬžֻʿ
ڽˡ
һ˷ܵӣؼ䣬ͻȻоࡣôۣڻʤܻкܶҪȥҲѾԺˡ
ʦس
ֻ˵˼򵥵ĸ֣һ̣춯أŸų𣬷˷ҲӦ֮ء
ʤˣ

ʱգ֮䣬ȥͻʴԭǳսĴҲƽ
︴գرѣҽʵĵطҲ̵ҰݣţзããһƬ
ңԶӦ֮ڴս֮ҲŷݣˣӦ֮Ҳûлķϣչһס֮أ٣ȻһƬµĹȡȻӦ֮Ҳͬڴƣÿ½Ӧ֮֮䣬ԱƵ
½ھǳս󣬸֮䳹ںϣ˴֮以ͨ飬֯һûսвټ񰲾ҵÿٸգҵҲչ̶ʱ䣬˿ڳʴ󱬷ƣڴս֮ǰ˿ںܿ췭һȻ
ԽԽ
Ϊ˿ڴ󱬷ټ̫Ӱ죬һ˼̽񣬱غ߸󡢻ɽɳĮԼ˵Ӧ֮ϲϼΪ̽
ڳʽ£Ƶ¥Ҳر𷢴¥ͣҽı֮ͳ¥ԽӺΰ׳ÿһ¥ǰﲻ绹һɶǿһж̽ⲿռȳ
ͬʱƾʦ
ĵ۶ڸں֮Ѿ䷶ΧѾﵽԭ屶Խΰ˿ҲԽ࣬Ϊµĵ۶


ڶǧİٶʮ ˻壡
Ϊ۶ĵĻʹҲ˲ؽԽ׳ͬʱҲں˸ʹһЩɫĵĵطɱ
̫͵С
꣡
֮󣬸ݸӦ֮أԼͻʡگȸԱƺƵ׷׽Уɽꡣ
ʵִһͳ߾뵺캣͸һ𱱼ԵӦ֮أԶڶ˿ڣԭĹԱϵġ
ڵĳѾǡٹ١ˣӦóΪǧ١
䣡
飬ƺƵĹԱڵϣǳΪ𺳣ǧٹݵϷ˶ϣһϵӰ»ʣҲǴս֮ĵһ˻ʣ塣
ܴʳ߾˹ءʳɺˣλʷǰ˻ʶĵӵ𾴡
壬ǸĶ˺;ǣ£иһƽȣǰδУֻڴ˵еĴںʱ
ϣһۣŵĹԱ΢΢һ¡
ȥȻᣬֻǺ֮ǰ˺ܴ仯촽˺룬ԽȺأͶ䣬¶һǰδеŨ֮
˵ʥʡۡʼʵΪƿľǧһۣôȻѳԽ룬ΪʷΰĵҲΪ
࣬˳
ĿڳһӶǺϵ쳹
£΢࣡

һ׷׳Уֿʼһյ糯
ãйԱȫ뿪ڴվ
׼𣿡

ر£Ѿ׼׵
ʱĴпһˣֻʣǡӥȸѦǧһϲ£ɫվڴУѾ֪ʲô
š
峤һ˵ͷ
ڵ磬ʵǰͺҪʵֵԸͳܳ˲Ÿǲ֪۹󣬵ЩȫƶҲû̫Ҫȥĵĵط
˵ˣڵڴʱ̡
䣡
һ̣ӥȸ˵ĿУͻȻһץգͬһʱ䣬üģһ˶ľ徧Ө貣ŷĹâ֮ʯ
֮ʯ򿪿ռ䡣
û˿ԥѸٹͨüе֮ʯ
һ̣â仯֮ʯڲһصĿռУϸȥһգÿһŶԳһӰɢһе겨
֪һϤϢдʱҲɼ
ʦ峤ǰ̫һ̫塭
һһЩϢ
ˣ
ǰǳսˣʦаˡ˴峤ͼ̫һ̫塢ҵΪ˾Լ˶УԶʹں֮ʯɹﵽ侳վǻһ߻ᡣ
а˻˴峤ˣǿߣ꼫ǿȻ껹ûȫɢƾ֮ʯǿɹѼǵĲл꣬ȫ֮ʯУ֮ʯӴһ㽫ǴԵ˻
ֻҪ겻ǾȻӵϣ
̫յ޲һ״̬֮ʯҲͬ߱
ֻϾԽħĽռǵ꣬ҲҪꡣ
ˣ
һһɹӴĸߵȼӿ磬ѸӿЩУͬһʱ䣬ԺУ㼱ġ
ڣһѸʵһϤӰ
䣡
âһڣӴ粨һ̣һһӰѸٳڴУаˡ˴峤ͼ̫һ̫塢ҵ黯ʵѸٴӴ¶
Ϊ׼·
̽а˵γѣ׷ʼ˶һãȻǺܿ죬м׷ӿԺ

һ̣˾Ϳ۵塣
ʦǰ
ɫҲӭȥʱ䣬ڽ˾˻
׷ʲô
аȿڵɫԻѣǰһĻǼекܴ졣
ֻһЦ㽫ǰı仯һһ˵
Ƭ֮а˵˴𺳣ܿ뿪ˡ
ʱ䣬̫ණҪȥˣҸոѣ겻̫ȶҲҪú
ȵ뿪ٴΰӥȸҲ뿪ˡ
ˣſյĴһ̾¶һ˿ˡ
иУࡣ
ս峢а취ʹûҪռ꣬ȫʧˡ
Ǹʱ֪Ҳزˡ
а˵սģ಻ͬ꾫Ϊ뵽Լڣûһ˿һĲл¡
ɢ֮䣬֮ʯҲûκΰ취
壬㿴ŵʱѾˡܾ֮ǰʵѾӹǰ֪侳ұ֪ø㣬ǾԲܵġԭûи㣬Ҳûиκˡ
㲻ΪҸеˣʵۣӦԼķʽػԼҲҵѡ񡣡
⣬ֵѣ޺

忴ȡǷţϤ֣ˡ
࣬ѣң
˵仰֣صĽֽۺã뻳ղأȻ߳
ڼݳ﹬

ƿţ̤ܿ볯﹬УعᡣֻһϤٻӰŷڷۣվ顣
٣õˡ
¶һ˿Цݣ첽ӭȥ


ڶǧİٶʮ ǣ磡
ǡ
ʱգ֮ʮȥ
أХ޾飬糱ˮһ鲼ء
սʿִȫװһǰδеǿϢ
һ֧ǿĴ֮սǰҪǿ
ʱ˿̣һӰɫУһӭԡ
ڵһˣ
崣ڰڱϣǰһ
ڵ磬¡ʢԶκһʷκһʼջһĲ£Щߡ
ʷУЩ߼ÿһʱͻͻȻ֣ģ֣ݻһһ
ǵʼǸš
֮ǰ¶ǵֻƬ͸֮ʯʱ䳤ҲһЩ޵Ķʼղȫ档
Щ߰ǷԴ磬ƺѾԽʱ䣬ĳַǳĴڡ
˵һͳи嶼ͳһһ£취׵ĽߣôͬĩպƽپͻһһβϷ
ܹһΣҲܹһεĹ´ΣԼ´Ρ
ʱѾ죬Ҳǽһеʱˡ
һâܿعҲȻüᶨޱȡ
׼𣿡
忪ڵ
£һѾ׼׵ʱԿռͨ
һԣͼ˹
ʼ
һ£һ̣غضҵ˵ĿУһӴľһ̣һֱﵽʮĿռͨ˲޵УѸٳڴǰ
ͨһ࣬ڰ䣬أ޾ϢڴŴ򿪵һɲĺӿŸĵ˲⣬һı˪Щ˪Ծ˵ٶ˷ӡ
磡
һɲ壬еμӹǳĩս֪ͨЩ߷Դ硣
һɲǣ˶
ϣ
ڤڤУֻһĽǰ͵İγϵԯʥֱָա

ɱ
һ̣һɱ춯أããϣΪףãã޾˲ӵδ֪С
ʮ֧ʷǿĴһɱߵ磬ͬҲʷĵһΣ
¡¡춯صĺУĴǰͺ̣ƺƵʧ档

ڰ䣬ţ
һ磡
ﶳᣬʱ䶼·ͣ״ֻ̬صĿݹǣɭɭĺޱ޼ʵߴ
ͽʱľȻͬƬģޱ޼ʵе߻վڵ棬ϣȫɢҵģֲƬ֮У󲿷˶·ܰ㣬һֻĿĵĴε
һ˫˫ɺ飬ںڰп}ޱȡ
ҹʱ㱣״̬
ˣ
û˿ףͻȻڰ֮һǿҵΪڰ˷ɢ
꣡
ֻһǽڵŤΧĵطƺоʲôȻعͷǹɲĵط
ɺãȻƺ֪ʲôΪʱУûз
䣡
ûЩ߷Ӧݣһ˶ĽɫìԾ˵ٶ˲һǹǰߵͷ­޴䣬ݺݵĶڵϡ
ͬʱ¡һ޴ģʱͨȻУͬһʱ䣬޾Ĺⲿ뵽ڰ硣
ɱ
һɱ춯أƽ̶ʱڣãã޾·ˮһ㣬Ǿ޴ʱͨг˽
¡¡
غ²̤һһҵĹ⻷ȳ˽ֻһܼײŸȱײһɹǿĳڣֱӽЩײķѡ
ãȻң㵡
Ȼû׹ʲôܶڱնɱһ̣ľվԭأ·𵱻һ㡣
Ǻܿ죬·һѪˮ뵽ȺУ֮У飬ԼŵǹϢ𡪡
ֻһХ˷߽»ҰɫĹ⻷ŷһƬƬͬӿһ㣬ڵλ÷ӿ
һӶ˷ϵɽԶĸɲǼ֮궯
Ժڰǲӿߴ෽ûκһ˺ˣ϶һɹɾ˵ս⡣
˭˵෽ֻܱأ
Ҳֵ෴Щˣ
ʮʱ䣬ڵͺǰȻͬ
ϣ
ڴͬʱһɫģһ೤沼ĵĽǼ׶ݺݵĵڵϣһÿһ飬˲һС󷨣Сֹһ
һɹεɢ˲佫˷һɹɿֲĺɢƬߵУӲΪһƬ
ǿĵطֲֿģ޿ײĿºֲܵʲôƶѳĿҲʹϢϢء
ܹһƬ޷ֵߵʵͻۿۡ
ҲʮоĽ
Щڽ׶Ϊ˶ġ
Ϊжܹ˽ǧڽ׶ߵ޾Ĵ֡
໣
ֹˣһһһȼգ֮вϵıŷ̶̵ʱ䣬ԭөĹâѸ͵ʮɣɵĸ߶ȣ󻯳һͷͷɺںɫɣɢȸµĿֲ
ħ
ħ
ʱͨĵǺЧħͬΨһһȻߵ
ħʥרŶԸߵ߽ᾧֻϧʧˣħʵҲ֮Ϊҽɺɫľ壬ɢڵ£ߡ
һͳ֮ٴȥһʥżҳɹʱ֮ٴѰҳһЩܣɹʥ˵ħ켼ҽơ
ƾħ֮е㴴һǧͷħħ֮Ϊףһ֧ħ
ϣ
ս˻߳һͷߴħȥذȻֻһ˻䣬Ǿ޴ħݺһȭ£ʮͷܵȼ
ֻ߼ΪƣЩ߿µսҲΪվҵʹ˻
飡
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬һħĹҵıըΪĻҷɣɢء
˵ҵĹЩĴ
ϣ
⻷𵴣һĺÿһʿµĹ⻷һһ飬ٴﵽʮ֮࣬ݣϵϵˮϵֹ⻷Ѿܼ˶㣬Ҳӵĵزװ˼㡣
ʵЩʿѾﵽأǰأ൱ǰеĽ졣
һƴʮʮ󣬾󣬾Ѫս졭ݾŶߵֶβ
УߵģʾǾŶӣǰʮŶӲͬͼ˵£;Ŷϵһ𣬾ͨĵҲ˿ߵ
ۣ
ǹһߵֱӱǰƸأе߻ܽնɱʿȻֻһҡΣ߶Ȼһ漴һ£ȫļѸٵĸ䣬һ˵ϡ
飡
ڰгƬƬãã޾Ĺ£ϵĵڵϣ׵ĻΪһʬ
֮ŭХһͷһͷħڡȡЩߵ֮󣬴ﵽĳٽ㣬һŨĻǵڲ˷ÿһأ㻯ΪһͷˣҼֻΪһͷµħڰеħʱԽԽ࣬âҲԽԽҡ
ܣ
޾ܣ
ûֲıƣЩҲͨľӶѣѵϷ棬ԶԶȲĴ
ڰУ߳ƬƬĵ£ߴ˷ҪгȻһһֵķ£Ѹ֧飬иһһСӣȫ
໣
ͻȻ֮䣬ڰһŭһһǿϢֱ̹ʣӴϢ޸ԶսϵħǶܵӰ죬ĻѸ˲١
֮
ܵǳѹŨҵϢսϣаˣ˴峤˶ʱɫһ
һɹɻҵϢɽ纣أԶԶԽ˶쾳ﵽһ˵ĵز
ʣЩЩߵ
ǰ˵ûߵԶֹһͳ죬Ҳν֮
֮ŭ
սŵʱ˵ʱʱ죬ֻһıȣйⰵ仯ƬյУͻȻֳͨ쳹صӴӰâһֻӰɵľ쳤ͻȻն䣬һһıըһ̣󲻸ʵŭͲҽУǼ֮Ϣ˲ʧ֮С
£Ǳ£
ɲǼ䣬һ춯صĻͶܹնɱ֮񣬺ʣֻ˻ʲ
ãսڰеߵʬ壬ǵȫֻ·ڣɿݵĹѾٸˡ
һսشأһƬģħɢĹâ
һսħֱӱǵʮ岼ɢطΪĹԴ
ֻʣһˡ
ս崣ڰڱϣڴǰԶ
ţҺܿͻ
ͻȻڵ
ǣ£
ڽ
һŰǰȥһ·ǰľͷ忴һɫĹâһģޱȵı˪֮š
˪֮ŵĵ£Ǽʵأ޾ޡ
գ
̤˪֮ţһ·ǰȥһɹɼȵıϱŷܿ챻ɢ
˪֮һƬžֻĻ
û֪˪ָ֮ֻ֪ĩѾ߾ӦķΧֻ֪ʲô
һ·ǰʼʱϿյģʲôҲûУǽģ忴һЩʬЩʬ˵ºܶ˼㿴Ҳ֪ʲôȴһһ˳
Щʬоˣ٪壬ţͷĹкޣгֱۣ޵ȻҲвٵ࣬ϵ嶼Ȼͬ
ʼʱЩʬֻ࣬ɢɢڳı˪֮ϣԽʬԽԽ࣬϶ѻɽγһ׳۵ʬѣ岻òһգǰȥ
֪˶ã˪֮ŵľͷʬĻ֮У忴ǸӦó֮Ϊ
ΪǸȻиܵһϢ
һɽͰľ޴壬ûͷûнţҲû۾ͨȴ鲼һһĿһ㣬һһš
ɣ
һӤֲĺ忴һĿУһ޴
Ǿ޴Ѫܣһ֣ŵ׹״Ҳϱ仯ġ̥¡Ѹٰ䣬¶һε壬ɺ븯õͬʱɢűϢ
Ȼһߣ
һɲǣһƬȻǰǸߴɵߵĵط߿Գ֮Ϊǵĸ塣
ƺǸܵвǾ޴ĸ岻ϵţĿѸټһһ޴Ѫ֮׹¡
ƺҪַʽѸٵһ֧ߵĴԼ
ûõģ
ҡҡͷ
ǰȻͷ֣޽ţȴܹ֪ԷĴڣһ壬ҲȷܹԼ
䣡
忴ǰЩߣûжһ£飬Ӵѹ£Щ߻ûҵıըΪһһѪ⡣
ֿɣҵĶ֣
գͻȻڵ
һεħ䣬棬Ǹߴɵľ޴еĶȫͣͣųѪ֮Ҳ׷ͣ
Ӧģ汾ñ𣡡
ͺһɲǣֺ磬Ӵڴһ΢Щŵ
Ȼ𡭡
Ƕǰľ޴˵ģֺǶԼ˵ġ
شңΪʲôΪʲôһһεҪ磿
ɫȻʵ
һƬžòǾ޴
Ϊǵʹ
ŹҺ𣿡
ãǾ޴ڷһ
ִֻҵְ𣬾ɱңҲı䲻ʲô
㲻ѰŹң֪ʲôҶԸ㡭
ˣ
ҡҡͷȻһЦ
Щ࣬ԼѰúá
¡һ̣ʱ侲ֹڤڤУգ·һѸٻǾ޴壬ӴһΪ
䣡
ֻһ˲޴ҵıըΪѪ꣬˷
Уȴһƽûа˿ĿһɨѸٴ·Ĵӹ˵ǶѲкһϸСġȱľϡ
һ鲣㣬ָֻ׸ǴСĲƬ֮ʯΪƣ̺ͬĸߵȼ汾ԴϢȴȻͬ
˵öˣôϸСĲƬУ֪һִģԶԶԽκĻϢ
СƬ̺һ£һ벽ǿ߾ϣ飬ҷ
壬ҲƾԺе֮ʯŵԻĻ֮
ˣ
û˿ԥǿƬѸ֮ʯС
䣡
ͬʱüĵ֮ʯʱâʢͬһʱϤԺ
һɣ򿪷ӡȨޣҿյİأ
䣡
·Ĺâǰըͬһʱ䣬˲䱻֮ʯУ뵽һӴĿռ䡣
忴档
ֻ棬У忴һһ棬ЩÿһϢͬ桭ȻﵽʮŸ֮ࡣ
⣡
֮ǰѾ׼ǰһĻҲޱȡ
ǵģ⣬ԸоõЩ˴֮ǰңԶа㲻ͣת棬ʵڵġ
֮ʮʮоţһȥ
֮ʯϤĲ˿Ȼ
޾գҲƵĺɣܹʮŸ棬һв㲻ġ
֮ʮǸȥһ޾ıһĨȥ棬ÿһʱ䣬жᵮһµ棬ӦģҲһעĨ𡣡
ϲˣں˵ͬˡ
֮ʯǰһһ򿪡
¡¡֮ʯһҲ֮仯忴޾ңԶĵطԭտ޵ĺڰ֮УһͻȻһطһѾȥͬҡҷһ£֮Ϩ
һһһһı仯Уһһ飬֪˶ٴΡ
һɲޱȣ֮ʮʮоš仰֪֪徹Ȼ
һв֪̺˶ʱλ棬ƽпռ䣬вȻһоôˡ
˰ɣ
֮ʯƺ֪ʲôڵ
һжһɲģκ˥ϣȥ棬ܹһλᣬһĨĻᣬ֮ʯڵĿġ
־Ľ壬־Ҳͬˣһ־ǿҲ;ļʡ
Ϊʲôѡеԭ򣡡
𶯣þ˵
ڹȥʱѡ˾ŸˣǶʧˣһεᣬҲʧܣ⽫еҲĨȥ
仰忴޾еһˣһ棬ͬʱҲϿյӰ
ԣЩߣеʵִдݻЩĿĵģ𣿡
ڤڤͻȻڵ
ǵģԳΪ֮ʯ
֮ʯ
ˣ
֮ʯĸ˵Ҳ֮仯ĿУƬ޾յ룬һűʯƾ֡
ǿűʯʺ֮ʯΪƣȴͨīƺҲղȥ
ಣ
ֻһ˲еǿ֮ʯƬƿն˲˳ȥû뵽ǿ֮ʯС
ͬʱ䣬һӴʶԽ˲ִﵽڵλá
޴СһΣʲô壿޴ڣѣҲһ֮𣬶ʱ֮ҵվٶȽٵ磬ֻǽעƳٶѣʲôҲûн
֮ʯնںΪ֮ǹɴĻϢ궼Ϊ֮Ϣ
һĻҲΪ֮𺳣ֻһ˲¶һ˿Цݣ
ÿдڵļֵңûңȻҲ˳֡
Ļ޾У֮ʯΪ֮һҲû뵽Ĵ𰸻
ڴˡ
Ц˵仰֮ʯ־Ҳʧˡ
ʧһɲǣ忴޾յ룬ӰӰ´£¶ӰƺеԶֹ֮ʯͻ֮ʯ
ֻһЦܿعʹѾɣһԪһ˵Ĺˡ
ûȥˡ
âһܿʧ
ȫ꣡

==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================