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ݼ顿
Ϯ棬ȴңȴǸšΪеһͷʵʵϴֻһȥȴ뱻һƳһСأһȥһ̫ճ
ڼ屡죬ΪĺǸӵĺѣ֮ȴǼмѸŮͳͳ֮벻ʾˣԳƱԴΪơֻΪӱ˾ùݵ𡰶ǡĻӣϲصĴǹٹˣνҳ£һʵȴٲ糯
˳ͷ˳УȴŸĴºţʷ¿ƹ١ҹӡÿһºţһ档


һ λ


01 һż
˵طܵظ˾޵Ĺ䣬ǳǲ˽ǵ˶Ǽƫ⣬ҵԹְʹļװ
˵˴һ׵ɫͷϴһԴԴЩ᲼ڣϵһ¾ɵĺ첼֯һ˫̫ϽŵİװֱͲѥ⸱磬һ䡣
ǣվڱ̲һżవյηŸձؽηЩǣ̬ȴǫķ·𡰴¥СƣֻǼһ
ᣬǴɵ͡Ĳ߲Уòֻ֮ˣ˫ҶƵüëĵһ˫۾쳣鶯Ŵͣʹ͸ִݰ׵ζ
ǳǳЦţ紦ӣСҶҶС죬ʱ˻죬ʮʽҵİ࣬һżһ䡣꣬ҲĻʲˣ˾ʶΪһżͷСұԴ
ҶСԴ޵ظ˵һʮͷ첽ߵߣĶСͷ£ǻʳӣӱ췺㿴
ҶС΢΢ͷʵĸ۵Ļ쵰ֵطˣ᣿
Сԭةơ
ҶСʣĵϸô
̰īӣ׸Եͷץˣĺ̨Ҳһץˣûָٳȥ
ҶСͷ΢΢һɨηոչЩ٣Ц񾲣űŮӴλҪ߻ҪСֻվߵǸü
Ⱥûƨ۵̰үʱʮӾ͹Ƥˣ̰ӣȻô߽⽲ǣôǸˡȻ˯ǾͰصξͷŵƬηһ˯ݶȥһ͸һͷһˮС
䵣ĵصͷҪ벻Ծô죿
ҶСЦطˣŹ֡㲻ôҲôŰɣʲôʱϷˣٷһµͰҾͲβ
һЦȥ
ҶСһ泯Щոλ٣Ц紺棬ףλǶӰ½ʳĹү˵˰ɣҲǴˣСᾡϣλүһżֻؼҵĸо
ҶС˵ЦһȦҾһɨǶֻ̨࣬һۣÿһλ١չ˵ˣʩʩȻؾٲ뿪ֹ̬ٲȻһλѲӼ԰Ĵҳ

̲Σ׳Ρηļּ࣬࿴ܵĶΪ׷֡Ĺ٣Ƿʵ÷ƨͿɵּҲˮһط
ѺԱĵطɲһļΣ컹ǽˣ˵ǷܹٸԭְߣٵҲͬͨҪ˭벻ԾˡԲˣǶҪŵù
Ҫһζǣ⹴ᣬͨϢľҪùεͷʮֵֶΣӦȺ˾
ҶСʮͽϵĲʹΪһżһ䣬깦͵ͷֶοɼһߡ
ƽķ٣ҶСǲԳģǰ£ƸлƿƳӣʦһ֪زңǹݸֶƶƾ಻ԡ
ʵ۶ʮӣگڸ̵üԼٰյ۸ͬʱ˾ϲ鲿ټ˼Һ񲻷£ξͶôһȺˣһӹؽʮ٣ҶСʮӣ˵Թһ
СֵܣϴδǱϷѾоˣĵðϷһ㡣
ҶСߣԱηͻȻһкͬʱľդ̽һ֦Ƶֱۣҡš
ηľդôִԲľƳɵģ¶һѵľᣬ䡣դ֮ķ϶ֻһƿٵһƺͿԴդ
ϡڰһܰ£¼Ҫɫˡͷϰ׷ϡ裬ȫͺֻʣ¼׷ǿؼɫͷƤϣš
ͺأپԱɣΪһܹٵĹ٣ʱνҪ÷硢Ҫ꣬ϧһ·˽ֻǣ浽һЩ껹С
һʱû̫ʱо£쾫׹ȣЩĶȴˣЩģͷΪ
оÿĵãһ֣κͷǶĺһ򲻸ȤΨһƷͳҶС졣ǡԡࡢ֡ȫҶСԱˡ
ҶСҲĺһµģǰ
ЩǻûоķиʲôôΪͷȻҪְ֮Զ֮ķ٣ҶСǽʾ֭лȥ
ע˲ӳ죬ֻҪȡЩĲġԴȷļ˶̽ν޿
ˣŰͷֻܴþƺòҲܳΪȥĶҺϲоҶСͶãⷽ鼮˳δûҶСƲĹ͡
ҶСǰ£һ²ӣоãȻǸˣ󴫽ʿ˵̫Ƕ˺оء
ϡĺ룬ȻϷѧʶԨ֮˲ֹһΣʲôо׵ģֱ
ҶСϵذ˵һ飬˳˼Ȱĳʱ
ָдʵ˰ΣͻȻɫһ񣬵ˣأӦ˫˫˶Ǻܻģȴһ棺໥а񣬿бһӡӰ
˵һͺͷҡڣΪһڣҶС첻ʧʱشһ䣺ô֪Сӵΰ
ǡڴʱԱηͻȻһʵСҶӡˣҶСϽشסƨƨߵظϹȥЦɣ֪ϴʲôԸѽ
ЩɢӴդݳ˹صͷҶͷһֻ츣šĽӣҪϸһЩһֻ͸㡯ռҪճġǻˣҪϵġ
ϣԵȣСϾͻ
ҶСӹɢӵ˵࣬˻Ҫľ󻹻ʣ²Ǯû뵽ҪǰС׬һʣ߳ȥʱŲӯࡣ
һżⴱԺǽ߸ߵĺԺڷ׷ĹٶߣšššƭţɵСǮҶСÿҸΪġӡԹһӵģû뵽εһ졣


02 һ
ҶС죬Уʮ꣬סӺ̲ͬһżһ䣬Ծ˾Ϊһżͷ
ҶСݼ̳ϵҶϮ䣬ǺүµĹأӼ̸ҵС
ҪǵģͷͱһģҪﲻûжǾʹһҪҲûжǾȥһӴϹһòȱ
Ҫǽĳۻ㻹ûѧ᳴ϵˣѹͲҲҪٸҪټۻʱȥͳˣջܳɰɣķٶǲԵģҪϡǸҽ㲻ҽǰĬͺá
ҶҵݴҶСĵҶүǱʱһ硣Ҷϵһ˶˫̥ҶСҶССⷢ־Ȼ˫̥һӵ˼
ҶСʵڲϲΪѾ˽йˣٸĸҲĵո£֣ؿ֮󣬾үͬ⣬ҶСͱҶС졣
Ҷүӵֻܴһӣ˵ӦôȴǸҶСֻССʱܹţһһƱѣƼһӸڲ͹ؽѵĲ˻ߣӴ˱رųʵ
Ҷүӿǵ˾Ѷ̫ʺʵӣԾͰһóӿ˼ͷǰ;ְҵĴҶС졣
ҶСð˾Ʋ˻صΣɫ͸ýˣӿ˽ŲϸոսΣͼ˾ԶԶĴ߹ҶСæվסԶľʩ
˾£ʮͷͣɫһӣͷߣȴܶʵŷҶСֻ࣬һɫıס
˾ǴӾƷС٣ٿСҲǹ٣һż˵һԾֹ֮䣬һš
ҶСǷЦ˾á
ţ
´ӱһһʳУ졣Щÿ¶ТԶֲصһֻ۱ֻۡ
˾ã׼⣬һ͸ͽȥɡ
ҶСֵصĪôӲˣĪİˣǡҪϲпڣ
ҶСԴӽݲʹ͹ľⲻǳ˷ԼǮľ⣬ֻ͹ݣÿһݣʹһȥ
ûлشֻǵһۣ˫ﳤȥҶСƬ̣ҡһҡͷٲһżȥ
ҶСѾ⽻ɣתصηǰͼϥڵϣѼöʯǰյϣʯӵдʣݷʮԡ
ҶСһˡ
̧ͷҶС죬ЩʯӣȻӭǰЦصСֵܸܶȤѽϷŸһô
ҶСЦˣ˵۴˵ܽ˸оֵֹģ˻ǸСӿɡ
ֻҪлŪ£ؾͿĵĺˣʲôصǲһľդϸΣ̾Сֵܣ桢ڴ졢۴ü㣬˴֮డ
ŶҶС츧˸Լüüͷ֮һ
صͷƲǺͷƽдǣ꼴дˡƲƸŮԵֱͦ񣬹ͨͷʱɲ˺ͨһ䡣
Ե棿ҶС΢Цû˰֪ǼٵģԼֱͦıȻԼȷʵ
ɫȻʵһ˵۾۾ȻһۣȴҲȥԶˡڱôΰֱͦǻͨģٺ٣һˣҲҪиñǮǣ˵أ
ţее˵Ȼ˵ԼУҶС϶صĻʾͬ⣬ǰŰɵӣͲ½һ֤ˡ
ϡĺӣȻԵõؼ˵ӡɫй⣬˫۽º׳ɹ⣬ɫףкĴ飬Ǵ֮ࡣ㴽ݰס˷֮Ҳ
ҶСɫһȻ˷֮ࣿ
ظϽĿڵŮʹ˵Ǿˣˣ˵󸻴󣬺ǺǺǣСֵܣи»Ǹգһ˳Ⱑ
ҶСԵһЦЦҡͷˣƨҲҪĵǡôа»Ǹգ»Ǹյ䣬Ҳ䰡ܷ⵽Ķȥ
ͷ޼ͷ͵һŭڵƨʲôƨ˽ʾԱɣٸ߹ٴԱҶҪϥάͽᣬϷҪһССô
ҶСһָָָָˣѰɣһúĪᵱ°
ͷİ׷ȻһɫͷƤϣ񶷰ܵΉɥشӣȻϷһϷ׾ɾ⣡
ҶСЦã㼪ԣһС˴㣬һȥЩ㣬С츶Խˡ
һԾϲлֹҶС߳ʱȴͻȻعζͻȻǰһһѿסդСҶӣվס
ҶСվסתɹǳǳЦ⡣˫ֽؿդֱؿ˵ͷƣǲϷĶͷƣ
ҶСüһ£ϵЦݽɢȥ
ؿǺǵزЦ˫ݹ᾵Ĵֽؿդȴʯѹţһ»ȥֱήڵأ˻ƼɬزЦϷĴ֮ڡô
ҶС߻ҡһҡͷصˣβĵһأôαأ
ȻϷһӣֻ£ۡˡۡҪˣϷֻˣԸͿ
ҶСεҡҡͷתߣغȻһ̽ݵִդһץסףսľդɭȻȵ㲻ҪߣϷһ׮У
ҶС˰ȣȴ֪ĶôؿסףҶСѲ
ҶСü£нֳ⣺ˣǺǲǣҼȲסҲʣ̸ϣСֻһСС䣬ܼķΧЩȻܾɳǲɵģ
ҶСᡢܵȴܼҵֻ뽻ʱͽĸֶѭ浸أԪǻҶҾ̲䣬Ԫ֮ʵۣҶһε䣬ֻҪݡӣҶ빫ŷһֱȥ
ҶС΢΢һ̣¶һ˿֪νĳҶִǼۣ˵治ĻһˣԴҲǻǼңЩ۰ţ˭òǣ빫ŷˣҺֻܿģȻЩУͼޱȡҷ¶⿪ڣ
ɳƵЦһ㲻£һɣϣҲûǸ²ǣֻǡҴȥֻҪӦϷһ׮ô㡣
ҶСûʲôôԥرܾջҡҡͷˣ淸⴮ͨϢһץ᲻֪ɣ
ȻϷǱӣ˭ԴͨأϷֻҵļӾ仰Ϸ֮⡭ܲΥذɣ
ҶСĿע
ͷ
ҶС˿ѿʵ˵Ĵôʲô
شһŵʮӵĳͣΣ
ʮ
ҶС˫һˬӦʲôԣڿ˵ˣ


03 ֮·
ãſҶСף˵ϷλʱȨգ·ӦĹңܽ飬ΨΪԼһӡ
Ϊȱ¶˰ɣϷŲ·ѧУʩ˴ʵǮһػ£ɻǻһӣѣֻôһ
̾˿ϾϷ׹ⰡϷһӾֻһŮĸϷңܷ˴Ϸ޼ɵΪĸŮ
ҶСɻص˵˼ǣ
ʵصŮοɰɺϷʱֻջȨλϥ֮׷ĪϷ򴥷ټͣȻ๼ͷΨһǣҵģֻŮˡ
Ŀ⻺ҶСϣ˵Ϸһ⣬תϷǰϷ˼ָҲСŮһݼױһʳǣԸ⣿
ҶСصǴ˵Ĵ£
֣صص˵ͷϷһȨ̰һǮͷף˵ʲôҪģϷҪ£
ҶС쿮ȻʹãͲʮӣƾҲȥģȻǮãֻǡȻǣ浽ָҲСҺڰģ˵ȥҲûţһΪ֤ȥȡīֽ
ظмصãϷסݸֻҪϷ͵ʮӵĳͱһֲ٣
ҶСȻ۾ȵصݸ⻰طӦòڱǰɣ
ֵؿһۣݸǾݸȻڱǣô
ڱǣǾʲôطôԶֻͨݵҶСԺϻֳһƬɽç羰ͷҡø˹Ƶģǿɲɣ˱ؽҾҲˡ
ؽؿڵϷĳͣΣһӶǮ
ҶСȻĶֻƬ̣ͼҡҡͷҪȥţ㰡⽻ͨ㡢ͨѶŷ·ôԶ
ڴӲ뿪ҶС˵һĵеη;ԥһ£Ǿܾʵ̫ңԶˣ˵ʱת
زȻһЦϷ꣬Դ֪ϷٲܳȥûˣϷһ鵭Įǧѣȴ֪Ҫȵȥˡ
ҶСһǧ֣ǲϴӦˣҡͷС첻ɣɡ
صϷкˣټһкô
ҶСɫʱһ
ȻЩ٣ʱʹЩǮȥãϷԹۣԵ޲˿ۣԴγṵ̂ǮֻȻŵȻ̰ȴţҲֻϷš
ҶСҡͷ̧ˣŶʵߵԶЩСҾǼſڳһСûʲô˵ģ¶Сʵڰ첻ˣǣ
ҶС칰һ֣תߣеһˣѵһССͷ
ҶСûлͷֻǼȥԶԶģǻԲһұǡľųеСȸαҪ֪ȸĺá
ҶСȥԶسճյվԭأòͷζһ̾Ĳȸð

ҶСļӺͬߵھϮ֣ﻹӪһӻ̣ұߵھһңӪʳӣҶҾͼм䣬С
һССĺԺŽȥͿҶ϶ŸԺιֻĸؽţ׷ӡǽɹ̫Ĵ󹫼ͦصģܰذĺǼһߡ
ҶСкһˡ
Ҷɫû˵ҶС΢в죬ҪѯʣһǴɤŶȻҶϵС˰߲ƨĶô⡣
ҶСȻҵ˭أˣ
Ҷֹֻص̾˿
ҶСϽȥ
ҶСҴҸϵݣÿһͼҶϺһûͷûشҶСҶСڿһţסͷ棬ƨɣȲҲӳ
ҶСϽǰסףȰ˵ôǣһʲôܺú˵ģ綼ǳ˼ҵˣϽѵҲˣö֡
ҶСһ˵һ˸ɫҶСҶС˫̥һģһֻԶСô鶯һǸʵˣһʹɫҶСæͷܡ
ҶСݵĸף£ˣŸ׵ļȵصôʵˣܸɶ¶ôôĻ𣿡
Ҷһһ߷Ȼʶˣ˵ʲôУ˵ܸʲô
ҶСԼ˼֣̽ʵôӪĲã
ҶŴȵãֻǲãӾ˸ˣʶɲãǷһƨɼģ꿪ȥˣһңͰѵˡ
ɩһң˵զôܣö˶˵һⶼȥǣͷβû˵һԼˣﻹô
ҶСæȰοˣʲôãҪô͸ѹˡ׬ģҪȻҲȥôϱ
ҶĬȻƬ̣̾˿صûϵҪǣɩѽ˼ҾͱǼǿǼϸţֲ
Ҷ˵˵ţ£ĿıⷺûͰϴ빫ŷӣҸ˭˼ţһЩǵطԲ˿εĲʹͽˡ
Ϊ⣬־ÿǷ磬ǰһʡԼõĻóð˸ְȢϱʹľɶʹ˰
Ҷţ£ֲᡢ粻ģʵиƨðϼҴڵģӪûˣԺô죿⵱û°
ҶĵסˮԵҶСûԶͶأϵô˵ҶСͷһң̲סϱ˵ˣⲻԹ㣬Ƕܡ
ҶСϸᣬҲһᣬæסᣬɵصǸʲôȥЦҶң¶ð죬ôݲʹˣ
Ҷһ㶣ҡͷôɣСԼµĻ£ôܶĲʹ
ҶСҲګګصܣ¶ɵģǶҲԼֵܷ롣ɩҪҹˣǾȥû£ɸ粻ûģ
Ҷϵſͷߴ죡ܵģ㱾ˣбȥҶϱ˶
ҶССһŵûæӳȥҶϵ곤ӣֶҶСҡҡͷѾƽЩô첻ɵģúðĲɣ޾֮·ߣ취
ҶСֵЦʲôѽͰ˵İɡʵӽҪ˵¶ģӪĺúõģҲأΪҪԶŶ
ҶԾصԶŶҪȥģ

ҶСǰ˵һ飬밡ֻͷŶѣӵĺôӻõָڹŷԣʲôӪ
ҶôΪ⶯ǿӰһζ޷ľ޿ɽˮԶģСܳ
ʱͨ㣬Ա٣صΰҲͬԶһѵ£ܶʱһԶųȥһĻᡣ
ʵڻȥ񣬱Ҫͨ޵̣Ǿֻٵ˺ѧʿӲŻ뿪ˣȻӵջ󣬿ҪǼô£һǮģҶǣȻ¡
ɰΣҶŵǵصɴûгԶţôԶ·ܳ𣿡
ҶСҲݣԶеҲжӵ빫ŷĲᣬۿϵܵƣòһӵϸ׼ô˵綼˷ֵĵزһĸֵ̹ͬȻӣ
ҶСһɵضҶϺ̫С˰ɣͷôСһãȥ˵ʵһֱͲϲֳƵĵطǶӵһᡣ
Ÿ˿˿ҶСס˸״ֲڵĴ֣ܾãǮٶ࣬лʱȨٴйʱ죻һݼҵһ˻Ҳ͵ˡ
ţܵе汾²УֻҪһ£ֿȭһƶϴҲվȥһɣһ˵ҾдϢء
ҶϻοŶ۵׺ʹϵëȻöѾˡϧСǺ̫ʵҪȻűϴȥ͵ģҲֻ϶ˡ
ҶСۼϵвһתλҵסַһݸôԶ


04 ص
Ҷ죬ĵضǡȥҲɣֻ·һҪСģ˵»̫ƽ;նĸնһ·ϣСߣҹ·ߣϻĽҰڵʱһҪ˽С
Ҷ߶߶˵˰죬ҶС̲סЦ֪ˣİɡ˵ӴûгԶŶҲ룬Ķˣǿ̲ΰ
صĶЩʲôˣһ˾ӴͳȥΣǰ䣬Щ˾˻ôãôҲе˰ɣ
ҶЦˣЦưܵģһηզûʲô˵Ҳԣţǵе־򣬵СʱҲ־ģϧһӶûʵ֡
ҶСʵйʲô־򣿡
ҶЦˣЦȻеΪģǵģǻǼξүʱһأڽͷűǺ«ȻξүѲ̰ǽһ硭
ҶС̲סЦῴ龰ʱ󷢸п˵ɷҲɣ
ҶҲЦˣ˶һ۵ƨֻ˵ȥ¿ͷ˵ô־򣿡
̾˿Ŵȣ廳صʱ򣬵վڵϣ̺ƺƵشǰȥͷߴİͷݵʨͷͻ
Ľˣ밡ɶʱҲŪͷϻţŵʱǲ硣ϻħˣһôȥˣһͣԸûʵ֡
˵һ㻹ûˣýѵҲѵˣôԷûû˵ĺ㣿ϲģϽҹҪǲԣԺͲˣ
Ҷɫ䣬æӦˡ
ҶС̿صԸⲻѾʵô
Ҷһ˶ӵĻ̲סͷһ£ЦСӣ㣡
ҶСƿߵݣͼѲ⣬ؿŸ׵ӰӵزҽݣҶС߹ȥסļȵص磬ǳԷ˷ֵȥɩӡ
ҶϺ˴һۣϾͽյĿ⣬ҶϺ죬û˵ʲôֻ㬵ץһɣݺݵҧһڡȻ绢Ҳĸϻѽ
СɩӺɷĸ黹ͦõģֻǶɷųЩ䲻СĲʹø˸磬֮ܲСӻ˼ǸΣʱڨڨЩ˼
ҶСŸ磬˳ɩӴҽӻһԶŵ¶ҶҶϺװͰ͵ģȴ۶ӣҲǴӲ뿪ǵˣŶԶпҪܵĿĨᡣ
ҶСֻȰοĸһ븸յİšؽͳԹˡͷǽҪ̣Ϊûʱá
һҪѺ뱾ڹһν֣ţƳҲ͵ˡԣҶСøһЩȥΣԱȡص顣
һ磬ҶҸ˾ͳ˼š˸зֹҶϵȥѲΪ·ʵ䣬԰յѾʱôֻ·סϾЩ鷳ҶСҶСֱֵ̲Σ˵ýһ²ʹ
磬ͷ˲࣬Ͱۡ˽ǵĲũϡϡĳӻڱͷ
龰ҶСÿ춼ܼǽ쿴ȴУΪ֪кܳһʱ䶼ٿһСУݸһĴڰ

һżһηرϥǽǣճմͷ촰סѱĦķǼöСʯӾ;Ľűߡ
ҶСߵηǰդؿΣˣ
̧ͷãĽûϡҶСüˣǼ£ҴӦˣ
ֻһ仰ήСͻȻˮƺѿµͻȻһľѸ˵դߣʵӦĴӦ
ҶСͷŵһֻϻӷ£˵ֽīⶼ棬˻Щһʹ·ˡ
仰ƺ˵Щ̣ʵڲίʱΪ·ĲѾˣֻǿҶСϣƬ̣ΪҶС컹һݲˮǮ
æصͷòִ򿪺ӣīֽһȡᣬƽһֽպպīֻһ¡
ҶСûٴߴ飬ʱٳԴߴ٣̫ЩҲ֪ʱ䲻࣬ûе̫ãһᣬһ߻Ӻ
һżˮһдͣؽűȾ˵Сĵشɣ𣬻դߣҶСŵϸַѾдڷƤϣĺôҲдС
ҶСͷŴڻУӣصǣ

ͻȻ֣һ߬סҶС¶һ˿׺ݡ
ҶСü˻кηԸ
ͻȻҧԼָѪҶСϻ·Ѫֹ˵һҶСȫԡ
ҶСûɺؿԼͿͿĨĨдʣһУɻʵͷŶѣбҪôôȴ֪ʩչʲôףط
س³һ¶һ˿Цݣ˭˵ʲôףطˣϷѧϽһѪΪýΪ飬յԹΪƽֻʩչһεģ
ҶС˸ǾȣһΪǻأϻȥģҪ˭
ط˸۶ϣȻ㣡
һҶСĴסˣ˰ΣҶСȻŭصңҸԩ޳һӦǧذȥţȻң
ЦģֻҪŵԣʾ;ЧʧԣûҵĻ
صɭĻ⣬ֻҪӦҵûʾͻʱЧӴ㽫һ¹룬ɢգ
صɭɭģ߻谵ֺرĹζ·һһֱ˵ȥ
ҶСȴ̲ס͡һЦ˵ˣҵˣͷ㻹߰Ķǰʱ˵ҵӲ޼ôң
ػȻһĶͷ԰Ϸ˴£䲻㣬䲻㣬šϷͻһ䣬㣬˭˭͵ù
ҶСֵʵ˵ùƨ£
غٺٵЦһУҪǰҿɽɣѧʦụ̀ĿɽùҪ٣ĺ̨ù˭˭͵ùһѵ㻹ܲù
ҶСƿԣβųϿҵضصˣ
ţ
˵ҷ׷ǹʣûʲô飬ǰģҲǰģͬһôãۿҪһͦġ
ظжصվüţϷ֣֮ѽȻҲ٣֮ʣţϷҲаοˡ
ҶСס֣صϣȥգϻ졫ļհ


05 εĵ
ҶСغص飬߳ΣȺļ̲һҾлλ磬ˡͷٲȥ
һЩõϢǼ̲һߣŵţߵҶСߣţʮͷҶСĴҶСæһţ塣
ţͷҶСҵ¶˵ˡСţǸТ˳ӣºТ˳ĸ𾴳˵أʲôáʱ򰡣е㡭¿˰ġ
ҶСЦĴһ¿ӡ
ţ׻׻̻Ȼ꽥ܾò¿ˣ⣬ɲͷҪЩֻ˵ֻȫһƬġʲô˳¶ҲҪˣ¿
ҶСͿصţ˵ĶԣСһˣ¿
ţš
ţšδˣͱһżһȺһȥˣĸߴһһҴסҶСļţͷƵӵߡ
һͷҪԶŶûɶֵǲĵġƾ۶ܺƵıĸԸӶΪãզܱ۸ˡ
ҶСŭ˵ô𣿡
ͬصڣڣڵֲָ
ҶС죺
һɫͷȻڣҲáΪ壬еǸǶ㡣һߣֵǶͦ᲻õģֵܸ㽤аɡ
ҶС΢΢ЩжվסŲתˣֵλֵܣˡ££ȻҪߣֺα裬ҽվҪ뾩оƾͲˣҵźֵǵĽӷơ
֪Ҫȥ˾٣Щ齻ᣬѾг̣ȴҲ׷վסŲҶС칰ֵ
ͷһ·˳簡
ͷȥذ
Ǵ䣬˳־ͰһľҶС
ҶСȻǣ
ЦͷҪ߻첻ȥˣӿַ򹷡
ЦҶСҲЦĵҶССܻ÷ˮ𣬵˴һܰ硣Űɣһ󸻹ҶСͲ
ã־
ҪãӲҪã
ͷǾ͵½
ͷ˵ǣߵĶһżҲˣ
ҶС컷ÿһϤףϵЦݽȥãҶСȻһת߳΢΢һͣ߬ȭͷһ˾µǩѺȥ

˾µǩѺ˾ڰ΢΢üҶС˵⡣ҶСųʵһ˾üͷ΢ʮ㣬нţˣ˵Ҳӽ˾Ӳá
ʵҶֻҪижУ˭ȴûбҪ¶Ѱ죬˾ҲûɷԡֻСľګԶֵС˾Ϊϲ
ҶС˾ضҶСȳȥлֵ˵
ȣ
ҶСЦЦҶС죬ܵЦЦɫЩмЩΪ飬ҶСеĴļ˾ǰԶûǰн
ҶС߳ȥСذŵشϡ
һأ˾üͷҶСϺͿ˲ɣС⺢ôʵֵطвԿģʲô£ǲλӣ˵
ҶСЦл̧СĸԸġˣҴȻʵ񣬲ǸʹˣҲǡΪʵ֣ԾΪͱ¦ѽ
˶ҴһЩдӦţ˭۸ءСӣܴչô꣬ҲڳαҲԣгһСܻĶ䡣
µɫ΢ЦƫС˵ȻҲǶˡɣͳȥˣ˵ҪʱĿȱٰл
ҶСһϲһ¿ɲһ·æл˶СĶɽСûݲ
˾ǺЦԾų֣ȻߣֻҪűٺúøɣȻ㡣
ҶС찵̣ɣҲûжٺôֻҪҪЩТڰÿǮƶѹһգǾǲˡ
Ȼô룬Ȼұ¶֡ҶСͷڵлźһСñĲٴǰˣƫƫϰԵغ۾һɨűǿ׳ʵ˭£
˾վ𣬳ɵپǣǡ
ʱȺٺ߽һˣ˾һĶͷ˾ιչȻ˾æֵ޴ˣ⼸λǡ
γɫ£⼸λǶԺĲ٣Ѱ㡣
ͷĲ۰ѴĴָһ̣ưصҵȷôүǲǰȥʻ߰ɣһ䣬ͳ٣ͷϡ㶡һףߡ
˾̵ֻص⡭ǴӺ˵޴ˣ޴ˣԺΪʻ
һ۲ͷغȵôϻСС˾Ȼܻ¸Ϊ˷⴮ͨϢʱװģƾʵݣôǰȥߣߣ
ԺĲҲҴңȥҲҴңһ˾ˡη·ûпҶСôˣ˾ߣһ߳ȥ˽ְˡ
ҶСһãȻվǶ˰кһͷͷɡ⡱һ£˾Ҷͷ˾ո˵ҪҸɣϾͳˣĪǸʲôùЧˣ᲻ᣬЧһûأȻ̸Υŵ
ҶС췴룬ȷŴԼ޹ϵ̾˿ҡ˸˾ǶõһţôͱץأӦҵ»û찡

˾ץˣһ·ûˣҶСֻܰȫϣϣ㽵ϣ뿪˱ǡ
һһһƬССɳеС㣬ôһֱСָϸʼƬˮϤÿһˮݡÿһƬɳÿһʯͷ
ǺȻһ죬˵ĺһ·󺣣СС㻳һĪĻ֣̿ʼ˶ȫȻİ̽
ҶСӦǺǿģһ·ȥӽС΢ܿӦеķΧΧϱ仯ĻҲԽԽϰߡ
ֻԽȥϰסԿ뱱ԽǴྶͥǸƧҵùٻˣ·ʱѡ
С;Ǵס꣬Ҫ·ʱҸһЩĵߴһ°ܻʵס
ҶС¶ޡʡԼõģºڸϵĿеġݸ
뿪ʱǮʱֻʣ¶ʮġıֻȥ̵·ѣûлس̵һȥӵľ޿أô


06 
ͨݺ͹ĽͨҪһɽ䡰ա桢㡱Ϊϵһ塱֮ǶģһϷ塱岢Уϡ
ݲ绪ˣҵشҪ̼ڶ࣬䷱ΪʱӴˣٻҲ󶼻˵дǸζ
ֻҶСԾǣӽµ˲۽ߣҲߣһ·ܶĳǳж£סȻҲˣֻպǵŻӡ
Ϊ̬˾ݳҶСҲ̹ȻȻӭ濴һλ׷̣ǣŷ˫ѾСŮǶУҶСϳʵ˼ҿ֪ڣǺǣھΪٵģ˼ҶȻ֪ĸۡ
ˣ@#%%
ҶС˼ҿɻ˵ٻ
ҡҡͷȻǸ˵ģҶСЦˣסһλֵλ̾ʲôطھΪٵģء
ޣ
ЦȻɫޱ˿ĭﳤȥҶСҡͷ̾ڼǧպãѡݵĸ̫Ѻˣ
ҶСӲͷƤĴΣڣѰһƧĳռ㣬аӣһھһƷǰʱţͭ̿ڣשܬأʯΪףɡ
Ǵһһʨţʯʨָ˩׮ÿ˩׮ûȻһĺɵģϿʯȡ伪⡰Ϸ
˿̣ʮ˩׮϶˩ƥǽ»ͣ೵ƺ
ҶС쿴ŻֺɵţվסŲһʱĳȣǧգžŰʮһѣڵ졭˰
ҶСھʱ˵Ͷ򴫡˿̵ǡǹͷȥȡأ澭ྡϲã
ҶС²Ҫǰߵţű¡һˣһſ˫Ƽش߷˳һĽǰŵҶС켱æ̧ţñѪЬӡ
һСñݼҶҡҡڰڵ߳˫һϸѿƵ˶ʯվ漴ĸԲļūڰ
ݵļҶ˻ͷббñӣСӴҲطô۸𣿡
ʯ׵ǸˣһˤúˣŶӣϺƵڵϣðŻһµһѪĭӣصҡ˵Ĺʾɰ;أ̲þһݳǶѡ
¼ҶһɣȵޣǼүʲôʱĹʾɣȻ쵽Ҫĵز񻹸ҽƱ磬Ҵ򣬺ݺݵش򣬴ĿΪֹ
ϾһԲļūʯϷɱһЬӣס죬ЬȵԴ˹ƵҰڶֹ֮ͬеһҶСۣҶСĿɿڴ
¼Ҷվʯϵص֪⾸ݰճܼʲôº𣿡ȻͷϣϹĹۡ
ʱǡһдɹһָȻݲȥëͲˣȻǲ۵Ķռҵıˣ˵òô򣿡
𡭡ˣˣҡҸһϵûС
Ӳո߸ѾĿֻÿ޺ġݺٺٵЦԵõصײĲᣬ˾Ƿ
ݷԸһŤƨɽĴš
ļūЬӴãƨϺݺһţȵٽǿһδһΣ˵꣬һ˫ţۣԽߵҶСװͰ͵غȵǸʲôģ
ҶС컣һϽ˺ȫ룬һеЦݣ·ˣ´·ˣ
ūȷʵǱˣӻֵԶЩСİ㵱ˣ
飡һصعˣҶСǹһ£ٿλסѪˣµذһ룺ɺˣ
ۼңҶСﻹҵšȻ˵һͬΡò룬뵽˲ܲ˵ΣҶСĵʱˣɷ鲻ͣȲš
ŤͷݺһѪĭӣȥҶС룬ظ˺棬üôţ˷ּҲǿ۵ŮٸԼӵĳֻͣԼǰ˸Ұɡ
ذأʧܣ˸ʧܰʧܲҪѽǧôңұȡأӻû֣Ҿô뿪
ҶСԽԽġţȻ¥иĺӣһƳγεӰǰ溺ڵϣûɵؿ·߹ˡ
ҶСһתߵǰ£ִӿóһӣҧһڣصôģ
溺ӼţЩһǮ
ҶСһǮЩӴ˳Ʒʯ°ͣǰôô೵ѽ
溺ӵ˵үˣķѶء
ҶСĵţһ·վѸ٣رϢѾˡ
ҶС˳ʣôͰү˻ˣ
溺ƲƲ죬ص˵˸żȥأȲһŮˣ٣˻̰ɥ»ҪģҪ񡣡
⻰ԭ˵ģҶСһؿҶҲ󹧾ӣ˵ʵ
ҶС˳Ŀڷ˵ǰ˵ϴ˵ĹʾɣҲ֪Ǽ٣µȥְ
̾˿˭˵أټһ˼ңԼҵС㶼Ҫ̱Űοˡ
ҶСѻСϣȴ̸⣬ϽӿʵСôˣ
°ͣͬôͬԺģͷиСԺҴСסǶأϳˣÿ֧һ׵öȣš
ҶСϲǴ˯ͷҪ֪Ϣȫ֪ˣȫѹ򰡡ҶСг˼䣬߿ڸǻƬ̣ûעļ϶ͬ
ҶСݣһ·֧ȥΨһӣһ·õ֮ôЩʲôӪѾˣԷ
ۼ˲࣬ҶС뵽С㣬ϣ˵һµģҵС㣬ڱؾᶨѡʱСصһͬϹүϱǡ
һϹãϷ˱ٰҲ޼ƿʩˣϾزǼʱֻܰصָƲõԼǷݳͺϾ뿪ݣͷ
ЩҶСĴ㣬ԽתĿ죬жǺɡҶСͬ첽ͷͼһԺӣʯͷݳһ˸ߵԺǽԺһƬߣʰȻɾȴûʲô
ҶСѸտ˳һӣĨĨͣʣ𣿡


07 벻
ҶС캰ǵ졢·һѵƵķš֨ѽһˣһȹ껪ŮöվҶСʱ¶һɫ
ŮӰĶͷ£һ˫ԶɽƵüţƺһƿϸϸһСʹһϸϸĴϵˣһԼӹ͸
÷Ŷ߲ѷ촦ķžҲ֮͸һǲ¾ȹ̬ݣ˫
Ůһ˼νˮһҪߵֱ°ģɵүΪƴһǻѪҲĸԸǰŮԾ߱
ҶС쿴һ˶Ȼӽ£ˣȴҲһаѽΉɾһĵԣ뾹һòŮ
ŮªӲÿҲֻҶһβףӴͬǰ˾Ȼһİӣǳģ֮಻ֽ⣬ʵºˣΪˣ
ҶСæСˣҶС죬Ӿүױ
Ůˡһڿڣʵ㡭˵ʲô˭
ҶССǷȿԺţҽȥ˵
ŮŷӦǰţȡţԺŶҶСҪٲȥͬڴһ󺰣߾أСӣʲôģ
ҶСŤͷһͼӸոչսͬͷǰһͶƵĸɱģǷźū˵λݡ
ҶСʱһڣ⼸¶࣬ȴ֪ʲôԼǷ䵽Уӱضɵ
ҶС켱æԺӣŮˣˣҪ䵽ȶһ£ͷѰ¡
ҶС˵գһͼǽиѣҲ֪жûˣҶСɱȥһϼѣһ㣬˫һǽͷ¡һˡ
ŮŪãȻ֪룬שҶС㶵Ĺż׳ڵغȵǼӵġץ

ҶС챻ģڴӽŶ߽¡£ȴ̤һҴԺѺҶС˸߲ңСӹģǼ˽飬ûУҲӲ˵УǰܶԼĺôٺ٣
ԽԽǸˣֺݺҶСһѣȵߣıӵˣȻ͵ҵŮˣүһôǲ㣡
ҶСкòᣬ͵˵ǲᣬҪֱЧİ취͵ȡ˵࣬˵ôһ˵Ӿͷˣٺһ㣬ҧǼǱ˶ҪûˣҶСδͨߣȴҲжŵġ
ŮҲһͬ˺լһ£լ͸ѺŮȥˣҶСȴ档
ҶСƼԱ߻վˣƺҲڵȺˣΪһģ̣⣬֣һݣӭʵ֣Сôȥˣ
ߵǸСˣҰܻŷ磬С˽ͨдҵţҼҷùҷٰ֮Сߡ
ǴΪ촽ϸƤһСӣҷ˴ƤǺã֣СϾҵˣҪҲҶֲǡ
ЦЦӴӴӴ˵㻹ͦϧ˻û㣬ͿʼϧȲ֪ܲظŮˣѵѵкβá
ΪȻȢȢɫֻҪòΰ͹ˣǰϹʲôһôҼңֻܽӶš
ҶСɰզࣺСȻŮҲϾǹٻ֮󰡣Ϸ˸ո˵ɷҪŮ檣Ͳ±˴ô
Ļʱһõص˻ǲǣΪƾʮӣܴһ绨ŮˣޣҪҼҷ˳СˣлֵҪĶԼɸˡ
һ࣬ȴҲҷֱ磬ֻȻ˵һߣҲ֪˵Щʲô

լѮһӺݵһλҪ곤һЩͷס[ӻУͷһĽɴƮݡ
˹һУһ߳ɫӣ˾ǲףһҲóôԼ
΢΢һ˿Ȼɫֹһ٣ŵҾ̲ڶС˳Ծͷͷ֮ޣֳͲҪˡ
˹źһ˼ǰߴϢ˵ԺҰ˳룿
˺޺޵صСˣȻݣȻҰˣҶȻĲǡ
˹ߺǺһЦĿкâһӣͷֺαؽԼոǰ䣬峤ҲôԹŮȻܻҵŷ磬β峤ã
Ϸ˻ȻȻ԰ôû뵽ֳȫ
ߵһŶ澺˫ַϼɫӹȽһɫ˿ϵڶͷһ׾˳ȥ
ŮѺڱţһ˵ˣʱ£ʵˣˮԩˮ貢δй֮°ˡ
ɫһЦȻЩ峤˵ɣߣ

ҶС˰ΣһСѾլҴضݵܼңҪѺã峤ã
ˣѺҶС죬ڴСС׵һԺ䣬һΪլԺͼƣ˾㶼ТȺվԺУʱ˾òΰݡ
СΣĵϻ쵰ˣǰѺ
Ժһ֣ҶСȻϲĵľűѳᱻһȥͣǾݳͷǵص
ͬһȦǰ˼ɵɡҲֻһִ⣬޼ɵҲֹҪйڳͺˡ
ҶС찵תԽʼϸ۲Щʱмǿ׳ĺλŮҲϣ̬һࡣ
ҶСƼŮ̬ǰʱһü۵ؿһƷСϸݣ޳һӣȴû뵽ءͦϵİ
ҶСһ벻ߡӣոջڵһʲôֶεʱȻ¿Ӵ⡣


08 鼱
ۼһһŮǰĿ˶Χ£ͷӶ۷׷ףʱֳԺԺڶıæ棬ǰοʡ
ҶСü۵شصƯŮЩŤͷȥͼһТϸһŹȡ£Ŷİ׷ͷ˵ŻڳȻΪġ
ǸͷѾ߰ʮˣƣ׷ԲԣһɫƵȣǾҵ峤˼䣬תˣλѣлҪ˵
ɨһҶСǸɫ԰һŭŮӣñ͵׾ʣͷλǰ䣬мǾΪ׾Тڼ䣬澡
һָԼŮӣҧгݵص澾ȻΪ׾Тڼ䣬治˽ͨǹ֮£
һԼȳƽһףñͶʱȻһƬ׷׿ǸŮӣֳ֮
ŮӾ㵵صɴһ˫Ư۾ƺû뵽˾Ȼһ˲㵵ؿˣȻ棬ʷŭصûУûУԩң
ЦĻֻǶ峤иϹҶΪ֤˵ûˣۣߣ
峤ѽԼ£ҵ£ϼ£׾Ȼڣһ鸾˼ңδãҪ峤ʾ¡
峤£Ŷ䣬ӵصҵģ˵ɶҵôŵ塣
ҶСû뵽λ˾Ȼʶʾ͸һɲǼ䣬˵Ķƣû뵽λ˲Ȳ۶֮Сֻɷ谮ңֻһȴΪɷһŮ˼ޣȻŮطŰݡ
峤ڳɤʣ˵ɶɶҵĸŸŪˣ
ҶСֱӲӴ𣺡ˣȫһɺԣɲҪſڴƻƣҶСλСƽͲʶļ飿
ʵҲؿСǸȴô˻жԲֻЦ˵ûоûУݣߴңĶץġ
Ͻǰ˵λүСݣ˹ǱǼĻᣬڿ½֮ʣʷСȥӣɶˣŰ׽˴á
ҶСҵʱȷʵСӷСǣԺУҿɲλС˽飬ҵԺʱͨգʵһҪ
Ϸ΢΢һȻŮأڲס֮ģ̲סʵʲô£
ҶСһۣȻķԶ֪йٳϵ£һҪŹٸ˵ֻ˲ܱء
Ϸ˴ŭ䣬²ɶԣ
ҶСЦȻǹģ˵Ϊˣǲţ˭֪᲻һ졣
ҶСⷬȻҲһĺ棬¶ʱһƬ˽Դþվһߵλ[ͻȻ΢΢һЦ̤ǰ˾֪غʲôԱ˵ɣ
ҶСһ´ۣɵ㵱Ǳص֪شү
ɫ΢ȻãʣաĿ֮£ѵٸҲðģ˵޻˵Ժͼʱ䡣ţ
Цʲô˵ģһԼ¶Թˣ˵Щʲô峤ͰԹŮˡ
峤£Ŷ䣬Цݿش̣ǰǰҼͷĸոһ̶ʮͷСأȫţǺǣҲ˵
ͷ䲻ãΪ̫۶ҲеͿˣҪȻǿҲ֪е㲻ԾˡͿֻǴ˶֪ϺͿˣҲ˵ʲô
ҶС쵭Ȼ˵޻˵ǾͲ˵ˡ˷֮£ҲȥܣǾͽҵ峤ɡ
ԱǺȻλǰλǱصϸĸʲô͸Ͻ˵ɣ󡣡
ΣҶСֻýеүߣСѥͲͷһţǱүױ飬ϴֻҪȡһȻס
÷飿֪һ𣬻ȻתҶСһֵۣɨһݣȻûѥͲĵݻ⣬ϽǰҶСѥӣűӴѥһ
ҶСЦһۣѾ뵽λ֪ؿλ˸һʵģ
֪üͷǷ⺹հ߰ߡѬ˵ţһӶطԸݣ򿪣
źǷչ֪ǰһ٣֪رһӭһڿڱ֮ǰ
˵ɷ飬ҲΪݣǰȥԺ֪ص磬˵Щʲô
ҶСһ˶Ժ֪صĳƺʱһɺӽŵװӿȪѨһֱ嵽ͷİٻѨȫ쬵ģͷҶ磿⾸֪ؾȻ˵ĸ磡
ҶСû뵽İȫƾ̾Ȼ˵ֳˣҶСʯ𣬼㣺˺ŮǣزϷּҲǺң׸ܲЩʿ˭Ϊ˶ȥﵱصĹԱ
ۣ뵱˺ƤȻӦּҲСӣҲغǣ֪صĵϣϢŪһˣ練ư⡭
ҶС־£ĿĹˣͻȻ֮ɫŮϡ
֪شһָЮűǿףڿݾŵǷšҶС쿴ŮӣͻȻ鼱һϴˣ˵
ҶС췽ȡʱû˵յף֪ؿţתһϷ绯ЧھʱϷһССϷԣҲһȤζ
ۼλ֪شүȻ˵׸磬ɲװǻˡ滰ǲ˵ģðգ֮䣬ҶСһѡ
ûһһдδ˵һѻҶСȻҲ˵ѣ˾˵ͬ˵Ըĸֳ˵ԷҲ˵ĻԣҲжĻԡ
ǰ˵Ļѣûһ˵ôҪΪǾĻԣǰ˵Ļѣһ˺޳ܣʹӰһ


09 ʵĻ
˵ͷ˾Ǻ֮Զܲ飬˾и飬ôˣҲˣҲҲѰ
ҶС·ֻص̲ΣдʵظϴԣǰСҲǰ䣬ʱ˱ʱԡ˵ĵ
Ϊլ乬һͬݹ¶ĸҲǿա˽ұġһԴǡҲ̸֮Ǻҵģ˵òһ󡣡
ҶС죬ּ͢ҪڴնҾΪ˴˼ǾƣҪ˼¾ƵСˣʱͷܺڣ滹꣬ҵһ£ֹ
ˡݴܹԼǰĿ㶵˵ţҶССɰɰɵټ죬Ǹ岻졣ҶСһҵԱǳͶرš
ҶСֳ֮ɫȻ˵С찡Ϸ꣬ѽȻҲ٣Ψ㣬Ϸ֮ˣϷ֮ʣΨһŲµˣǾҵŮϷи㣬ɺã
꣬ѽȻҲ١ʱ˵һ£صͷȥͷոյ£һ䣬͵̧Ϊ̫죬ƺ󾱵Ĺǽڶǰһ졣
ԺУһʱѻȸ

һֻڵϵ˼£ǽǴŵʦʧֵģһĴоͭ˲ͷΡ˫Ůӱ᲻ֹʱȴɴһ˫ۣҶС㵲ѡ
ҶСһ̾ͷСҳҾƶȻ䲻ҹŮģ˵һ٣ѿ£ʲô֮ңһ̫ƽ˼ҵĺá
ҶСԽ˵Խ飬ٵͷʱԼϹжˡ
޲ͣҺӶ԰ŮӶֻ֪Ҫһ˱ȻŰŮҶСأʶмӡ
ҶСжҶСһ̫ƽô֮ʣڼΣһڱ˿ЩŹֵľҲͺϺˡ
ҶСˡҵϻ˵ҪСĸһؾԽ߳Ϸ֮ʣĵľǼŲϣЦ
ҶСһ䣬޷뵽ֻС뿪ǣҪϴ棬˵ҪԼԹȣһߣҲһ˵Ŀ
ͷ飬̧ͷҶС죬Ŀ˵ֻµĺɪɪ
ҶСĵϼһòˣҿѾòˣӶҪˣҪǵжߣɲҪ̫ɱ˲ͷأ˴˰
֪ϵݣҶС˵ĻҶСһ̹Ȼ飬ֻޱȻĵ˼ЩˣСôܵ۾Ϲ˵ôУ
˵Ļ˳˺ôҲǲԣһ¼ɣҶСĻԼĹ
漰ָҲǾͻȥɱˣЩԷҲ˲ˡҶСʲôҪ˳ֽж⣬ʲôɲӦأ
֪ص˸һ£ȻǺǵЦ
΢ЦţͲһ˵йȻô˵ģϷ˾ʵЩơȻһԣҲѹд˾֮ʣϷΥ棿ݰȥС
ҶСǸոݳһ˿ЦݣϾϵ˪һ㶳ˣС㣿С㲻ǰôҪȥС㣿
ҶС켱Ťͷλ廨ŮӣŮҲһ˫ƯĴ۾Ȼֻ̫ģһ𾪵ı飬͸ų¡
ҶСһԺ⡭⾿ʲô

ϡŭص磬ʵףϺͿ˲ԣӶԴ˲ͬ
ɫһȵҲֻĴ磬ҲǾҲݸļ£Ծݴһ׮㲻ضԣ
е㲻ˣǺܺЩ֪ߵغˡ˵ҪһլӡʮĶϺˮԼϵһ̷ָŮߺߣأΪһԾŶ
ҶС˸˳ӣβûȥѵҪƵҶСӹǽ˵࣬Ҷѿ˼ң
˺ټֳɫȻһӵĲԸһѵ⣬һݣһʱҲԡ

һŮ޶ǵ߽ԺӣԲԲķཱུСһֻɰĺƻСֱһ಻Ƶ߬ţŲӡ
Ů޶ɳС⣬ܽǁO⣬ǿɰϴһɫƴնɵˮ£һɫģԵ
СѾͷǰϵһϸϸİ籴ӣҲһ״ӣТӵؿԺӵˣȻǸ廨ˮŮӣʱ۵һ
һӵ֣ǵܹȥסŮӵĴȣ裬裬Щ󻵵ſ裡
СѾͷ¼ˣԴױϳǷСԺΪδ׷˭֪ȴͻȻװͰ͵ӣӲǰ°
˵ĵˣϵϰɫТ˵Ǹݱ檣үТһҴլ£ڼˡ
ңңңң
ˮ迴Ůʱ£˫۱ţֻöŮСŮᣬҲᣬ˵ˮմ˱˴˵գıͿˣ̵Ťͷȥ
ҶС۾ɵñţ󣺡ҴС㡭ҴС㡭ȻôǸӵ϶ŮȻһδɵС
ҶС͵س鴤˼£ĵﱯߵźô뵽һ׷ͷıŮأôǰһ㣬ʱѾͷҲһ꣬ƨοɰƨ
ʵϱأŮʮ˵ȱȽǣϷ檵ĻһŮΪ檣ʿǷǳԵ¶ҶСԴ˲һ֪
ֻǣϼһʵ̫ЩﶼˣҶС˼άΪҲʮǰɵģò۵ˮʱȻؾΪصŮˡ
龰ҶС᣺찡һװ˰ɣҪôŪң
֪ǸδŮˮʵ˵檣ôⷬһ˵Ϊ˱ҪСѡ
ʿ֮໥̵ܳνΪšַ׵Ļϣ˵صܿ࣬Ϊ֪֮԰ԶһСΪ޸ڡ
ҶС쿴Ǹ״ȣ޵ñһһѵĻëѾͷҲеޡܾ뵽СëѾͷǸͯϱҲҪʮ꣬ʱһء


10 Ů
֪صǹٳ˻㶳ѾѾȫѹ
ӶˮѲݣұϾǾݴ壬ҪѼİһδ̫˷飬ҵѾܲˣô׵
˵ȥСƿΪصĹ⣬Ҫڸϣãһ˰ˡ
뵽֪ǰ˵λ򸾣д϶ģЩͣЩ£Ȼޡô󸾣ΪһأȴᾹ֮
ֻǴɷǧһŵΪ˷Ϊ˸ȨְţԵӡ˵Ϊ˱ŮҶСΪޣŮףҪĸӣԱؾݴжңҶСΪޣĸѦˮ裬ͬ
֪˵գݣɰ󡣡
ԣæǰΪѦˮҶСɰϷüͷһ壬̲סǰһ˵硭
֪˸ϷȻԸ˰ڴȴҲ˵ֻú޺סڡ
֪תȥЦضҶССţ˵ؾྩɽ·Զͨв㣬ҶϡھʱգһĪĶ飬ȻһˣлҾͲ˵ˡ
ҶСҾ˵ǡ
֪غǺһЦֵǧҲľ㷦ˣ̻հɣЪϢЩʱգ·
ҶС·֣һ޲ĸڴͣ˭֪һ᲻⣬ҪһŪĽҰһԩû˵
ҶСϵл˺⣬ֻСӻиҪԹƼ˶׼СϣЯЯӹȥ
˵ӡʱҶС쿴ǸСֿһλ˵ĸò
֪׵ҲãֻһױðɾͲִˡ
ҶС쿴Цصı飬Щëæ˵СӼƸŮΪޣðƸǣκɽ·ԶҼҾƶֿտգռױױͳСӵƸɡ
֪һۣСӻͦϵ΢΢۾Ȼˣݣһ뿪

ҶСһߣ˱ѰͷѰֺ֪뵽˲Сһ˱㽹Ƶص磬ô˺ͿױŹСˣ
һõصˣҪˣҲЩˣѾαػҪԴסǴ󸾣ҪиһĸӣѵҪָܾŸģ
֪˵ţеȡǰһݣȻ˵㿴
Ϸ˲ؽӹţϸŻû꣬˾ŭɶؽ˺÷飬޺޵ص϶ŮšţҶȫ
֪صСӵľ֮ˣҲܴҵõôôѵǻܷ˵ĻԹڣ÷ˣܻ棬СǻٳһܳͷصģǺǡ
Ϸ˼ôܹأҰСңУȫ֮ߣˣһиʲô紵ݶ
˵ȻʶʧԣȻס˿ڣɫһһ׵ġ
֪üͷһ壬ؿһۣʲôȫ֮ߣʲô紵ݶĪʲôң
ګګΣ֪شŭȵʲô£Լ׸ҲҪţ
˵ͷګګصӡʵһ׮ϵˮС˵£ҲǿֳֻǾô²˿ڣʱԭҲû뵽๫£û뵽нľ桭
֪İˣ˵ʲô£
Σֻðͷ֮õ׮˵˳֪˵գ㵲
ҧһҧӰԭΪڸϣδ̫עĿĵϣϾҶһƣ֮
ԭţƤӵ¶ţһأĽʱ˲֪˻ɵҵͷϣ˭֪
֪ɫ粻ΣأҲᴫʲôɣ
ڨڨصһ˼ң£֪ʵ˭֪֮һ̰ͼȥ˵ࡣΨн˺󻼡
֪صƤסĿ⣬˰Σ۾ݵصΪ֮ƣֻ˸ɵˣ뿪ʱкܶ˿ǸɵҲͷϡң·ʬǣݲ˭ܲأٺ٣

һһأٶȱս
ҶСվӣֻһСھ·ǾλٿԱֻСָȵؿԼС򣬱ӺȻһᡣ
ҶСӲΪԼǸˣȴҲһûԭĺˣֻһͨͨ˽ΪԼõôȥ޹ߵˡ
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˭֪ǿܿɿڡҲһζĴŮͻȻֻܿܳԵĸƾձĳһɬ޷¿ڵСԺҪǮǣ˰
Ǹζܿɿȴ־ԲܳԵĴ˶ҧһҧ´ϸһĨΪߺ죺áүҶС죿
ҶС͵س鴤һ£ûеţ
˶ֵүǾϣ
ţ
˶ͷ˿ߵС㣬СָСϽָͷವһ󣬻ɿذСָ½ϲ˲
˶̾˿̾ôҶСˣүһŮӣСŮף⾩·Զģǿôȥأ
һ̾ϢʱҶСжʱӿһϧĸоԼ㶵ͼʮǮˣԼ֪λؾأٴ԰׷Ļȥޱͬ񣬴ͷԷɣοĸ˳ǣ˦Ƕȥɡ
ҶСתͷȴôʵһҲֻʣ¼ʮǮˣǹͲġ뿪Ƿ֮أ£ҵ˰ȫĵط˵
˶صһүˡ
ȣ
ҶСԼĿˮǺűһ仰ĸ٣
˶ɫŨͷ˵ٹ£ʮˡ
ҶС죺
˶ɿһۣʵ
ҶСĻش꣺С귽ʮš


11 ԰
ҶСܾɥֹۣʧܶĴɺܴǮļͥźش壬һ·ȫӸƼҾû֧ţ˭֪ϣԽʧҲԽ
˵Ҫ½ģôĻȥøĸʧǰѻЦҡ
ҶСƵţüŴСߣߵƷʱңĿӣϰСָЩŲӡ
㡣
ҶСӻͳһӣûɵصݸң
лл壡
ңϲؽӹӣȴֵӵؿĸס
԰ɣ
Ѧˮ̾˿ḧһŮԴҶСִӻһӣصѦˮ裺㡣
ңصɴ۾۰Ͱ͵ؿؿڣôһһıҪҲ¾ͺ
ѦˮҶСƺʲôȴֲ֪ôڣйүɣܾеûţֻҡͷллҲˡ
һ˾ô˾ݳǣҶСѦˮңмССֻСһֻСԵùӣŬؿţе֭ˮ
ݳһƬСҶСվס˽Ų
ǱӦعٵߵģǳǲãҶСͰĸŮ쵽·ԵСѦˮЩִٵؿҶС죬ʲô
ҶС챾ߵģµͷˮǸӺңСС˶뵽ĸŮӣ֪ľȻǵ
Թ˲Ͼչ˱ˣ˼ȥ˵ԼѴԱǰ̡վСѦˮ˫˵۾ҶСȻֵûС
˫ȻĶ۾һ뷨ȻӿҶСͷôôֲСѾͷлԼΪŪ˵ôСѾͷȻϱ
һ˫ˮ毺õ˼ת˦ĸŮԻؾͷͱҶС׵˾⡣
ĻᵱһͷΪһСǮÿմմϲƵܹǮý֤ӭȢһȻƨɴ˶ܸɻŮ˹һӡ
ѦˮǧݾŮˣҲֻпķݶԶûϵĸ¾һûᣬȢһɷ̲˶ˮΪЩʵʵ¡
ȡ
ҶСһѦˮˮʵʵʵҸȢ׵ģشҲûаŮңʱֻƣòô˵Ҷѱ
ˮ峺һͷ֪һʼҲܾȣˡôСүôܽˡ
ҶС˿ȻףҵضѴˡʵ͵ǷţҪԸ˷ָƲһݷױģֻϧûǷţȴ붼ˡ
ˮҡҡͷҵǮҸġֻŮúø˾͹ˣ󡣡ŤͷԼŮͷɫ
ҶСֿһˮѿͶô
ˮȻҡͷҶСһͺðˣ¶ĸĲźְ
һصΪѣĸŮھסȥģǲȥǣֻҪ뿪⾸ݵؽźþ
ҼȻĸŮ˴ͲˡֻͬУûʵĳƺ˲ɣû׼ǳʲôǷǡһ·֮ϣҶ˾ԷƣҵŮΣ
ҶСƴزĺβͣ˵Ȼˮһ죬ɬشͷϸܵĽëգΣҡһҡͷűĺ촽ϸҶ磬ֻ²ס
ҶСɲո˵࣬ͱ¶ԼĿģװ˼ܵģ뵽ίİ취ͼ֮ȴֻϵķޣֻΪ·ͬУˮȻҲͬ⡣
ҶСüкβף
ˮҧҧ´صһ·ȥԷƣסʱôأܲסһ䷿ɣǷַ˯͸׽ʶƣ硭ƣɺã
ѽС椲ұǴ⣬ȴѾµˡ
ҶС̲ģڨЦͬУȴһӣһˣͬɰɣ
ˮɿһۣ۾СǡҲҶӣ㿴ô
ô˵Ĺȥ
ҶСɰͰ͵˵ţЩ٣ʧþ£ɲһָúҪ׽ܵȽʧȥĲųɰ
ҶСˬشӦãˣӴ˱ơ
ҶСһƭСȥԻڳùСӽ𣬹Ҫн㣬Ҫи磬סûУдûม
˵ţҶСӻͳһӣЦеСңһ˫Ĵ۾ҶС죬ֿ޷֮Ѧˮ裬մ֭Ө͸˫ػһ䣺磬㡣
˵գſһСһҧҶСϵӣЩҧָͷ

¸ҶСѦˮĸŮš԰塱Ҫˬ죬ˡ⻹磬뿪֣ʲô̶ӣ˳糵ȥĳ
˸ոٵԶ߰ƥɳ۶ҶС̧ͷһȻסӣͼȺ˴ɣڹٵϼһﳾææسŹٵȥˡ
ҶС쿴һΪһݣҶСɫʱһ䡣һ·£ÿհ·;֮ϣ·һ˽⣬ȺϼδЯ޾ߣװҲԶУǼҴҵҪȥʲô
Ⱥܵܿʧǵ֮ڣչǰߵƬɽ£ҶСȻתѦˮΪ㼵㣬뿪ϰݡ
Ѧˮ辪㵵صҶ磬˵ܹܴЩˣǡģ
ҶСûЯ޾ߣװҲԶУɵĲϧҪԶǷ׷ʲôˣ˵񱼣ǳ㻹ǳ˭
Ѧˮɫ԰ãȻصΪʲôΪʲôϷŹңҺûʲôް
ҶС쿴ѦˮҲѳĸˣѵ˾Ǹرӣˣ˳ǣ椣ϱȥѵҲҪǷǣ
ҶС찵һүȻ˵ߣߣȥ
ѦˮȻҶ粻ҪرŶƵУ
ҶСͷǾݵͷߣҲܷе·ǼѰǾߣƸȦٻؾǣܽҲš
Ѧˮش׵ãһеƾֳ


12 ·
Сһ·£ܶʱǿһ˫Ű·ЬӹȻĥ˺ü˫ȴҲһýЯһӵٸһ޶ͬеٶعƲ㡣
ȻߵʵЩͷˣңϣѦˮͬУٶȻ첻ҶСҪһѣѦˮȴŮڲΪɲϽܡ
ҶСΣ˸֦ȣҲֻǼɽ·ʹ࣬ٶȴԾɿ첻˶٣ƵĹٵʱɫѽƻ衣
ҶСҸطЪЪɣЪһٸ·
ѦˮСݰԸȴСݰǿ϶ĥѪݣȴ˵ΪԼг̣һֱҧţʹ಻ˣҶСôһ˵˿
ﻹھݷΧҶС첻ޣ˿٣һֻҪһ˼˿ˣò˶ӾͶ֪˵̽һǾй¶ټ
ҶС첢ׯŻƵϦһˮиƾɵưܵӿӣҴûкˣߣǵǶЪһЪ
ɽѲ֪˭Ҳȥ񣬿նһŻү̥ͷưܵˮ࣬ڻƵѾ״
ǰףģȻѲ֪ȥҶС쵽Ѱһһ齵̨ҲڣֻϱߵĴˣֻʣ˰ߣûŪߡ
ҶС˿ãǽЪɣ˯齣⹩ϴպһ˰ŹʯṹǰܽʵԳһ˵ء
ңһ·ϱҶС챳ţѸңûӴˣԶҶСʮȣһһ磬еءմҶС챳ص磬˼ҶӶˡ
ֹҶСҲǶǰ󱳣ֱġѦˮ赹ûкĶȴʱĹ˼ǵߵСŮ˽סֺ
ҶСţǧҪȥñ˿ȥŪԵ
ţ
һһСŮһͷ鶯һģһ

̫ѦˮĸŮһسûڴɽľͷһҲʧˡǽƵĵȴĵңꤵ׻ԭϣĿ⽥
ɫȫˣңСĵѦˮǲǲҪ˰Ϊʲô
Ѧˮ죬ȴû˵ֻ§Ůϣҹɫ۾ˣһĨζꡣ
һˣģ
һӰк
Ǵ磡
ңһԾ۷Ź⣬󿴼ӵСֵǵӰȥѦˮҲ˷ܵվسŶȻվסǿģȴͻȻ̤ʵ
Ĳݺľܼ񵽣¯ֳɵģǹֻǰƹбʹãڹ˶Ա߾ˮˮһˮˮֱȡãǣһֻʶë˹
Ϊ⾡ҶСװ·İ򿪣ʪƹϳ䵱ǣƮ˶¯ߣֻңεĭҶСѦˮ۾ȴҲʼղ뿪ǹ
ңĶӲʱĽҶС̲ס˵ңңʵ̫ȳԿӰɡ
·ϣҶС컹˼ϴ˴ģ𣬲˳ԵĶࡣ
Ŷ
ңӦһŬ˿ĭ۰Ͱ͵ؿŹӣ磬ʲôʱѽ˼ѾþúþúþûԹˡ
⻰ҶСľһұӶƵģ΢΢һ¡ѦˮϧؽŮޱߵķ˿ӵζˣˡ
Ŷ
ң̽Ѿһ⻰ַ˻ȥ⸱ɰģҶСѦˮ費һЦֻǶһۣҶС񲻽Щ
ҶСεĿ⣬ѦˮæͷȥӳԭԲ԰ףʱкĻӳţȴԳ˼ֽġģҶСעԽԽ죬ӯӯģ·˵Сɡ
ҹ쳣һƬֻǰһԾĻ⣬²ʱиɲ񷢳ǰɡĵһƬס
ҶСƵĿ⼫ԣεѦˮ΢΢ЩգȻվװ̣Աȥ
ҶСߴСŬسͼңؿĵ˼㡣
ҶСȻ֪̫С̫Լĸʱֳǽסһȡʱſȣ˶ʱֻƤͲҪġ
ȣҷһʫˮѽ᲻ʫҶСֻڨڨش
ң§Сȹӣͷϸ룬ҡҡͷûУ˵ҪҳЩŽʫ֪ܶรܶܶ࣬˵ģҪҪ
ҶСͷЦðͷ㽲£벻ʫأ
Ѧˮƺ·û˵ʲôĶҲ΢΢
ҶСһ죬õëưˮϹ
Ѧˮ衰͡һ̲סЦȻϽסŻӳ䣬ļͷʶúˡ
ңЦֵʫ˵͸˵Ĳ̫һأǸ˵ĺ
ѦˮЦ߻ң綺أֻһ״ʫЦʱҪ¶ô˵ţŮҪЦ¶ݡ
ңϽͣҶС쿴ߣСôɡ
Ѧˮصؾ͸ôС˾û˹ء
ҶС첻ΪȻֹǴ˼ң檵ĶôĽ
һˣ׼ȷ˵ֻа˳죬ֻ˼ꤣɵȲˣھˮ֣ǻֵĶ֣ⷴһ̲ͣ
ѦˮֽʳЩݣҶСλ귽ңСѿ̻ȫˡֻ쵱治СȻȴҲԲ°ֻ
Թ˷ҶСش˸ãʣµһ£·ϳԡ
Ѧˮ迴Ů˶Ƥԣ³ŵԲСӣĵصʳԶˣõЩˮǣӴûɱԻ˶ӡ
ҶС֦ǩµģֲ⣬żһûйϵġ
ţ
һһȻһԷԼĺӣֻȫңЦǸ


13 ˮ
˽ˮߣץһȥ壬پˮϴ֣ңСȻĸ״ͣѦˮץС֣һ߰ϴ֣һϸ˵Ż
˵ȲɣҲصģͬĳϡͬĵطвͬĽ˵һ˷ϲ裬ˮɲܵˮֻ߳ɣмض
Ѧˮ軹һλĸŻͲŮŮĴҹɣղᵽ˲裬ͲŮҶСҺСѾͷͻСıԻڣҪȻؾС˶ƵδȤ
ЩϵĽҶС˽Ҳ࣬һŵǽζǳȲʱˮƮŲҶѹźȣɱòƲ»ߴһǶǺʧ¶
УȲҪСڶਣٿҲһҪһˮֻҪеϣ˾֪ҪˮˣɱſҪ˼ҸˮʱҪǷл
ˣˮʱһҪַźǶſˣ˵˼ҪǸ˾裬תҪתҲǲ
ҶС̲һȺ͢Ա˻죬ȶӣЩ͢ԱǷ٣û¸ʱһһ
ѦˮϸŮ꾻֣Լϴɡ
ңСƨɶˮԣϴС֣Ѧˮһϴһ߼ȥݷõλ˶˼ҶĲͱȣǰӵġ˾㡮͡˼һ˱̴ӾͻߺͿ͡ǽСͿͲ衯
ҶС̲סЦ벻㾹ô飬ⶼѧô
ѦˮĬƬ̣ĵصūҵĸױ˾¡
ҶСһʧ㾹ǹٻ֮ôܡ
ѦˮղҵĵصôΪСôҸ˾񡢾ѧ񡢿ƾ١һأƳ·ΪƽϢʿ֮ŭ˵ȲǷǣ㶼˴֣Ҳû˼ҲҼҲʹ˼ҵ䡭
ҶСסˣĵռ˴˰һ绨˶ĳ˸߹¼ǧС㣬ֻǡҵ䣬ҲڲҵΪ檰ɣС
ҶС̽ʵѵɣΪβؼأ
Ѧˮ赭صΪҵĸѾˡ
ҶСȻѦˮͷ貵ǳȻҼҲŵڣʫ񴫼ҡҵ䣬ŮΪ檵Ϣٴȥ˹ɨأԣҾĸʱҵļˡѵˡ
ҶСȻĸ
Ѧˮͷϴ֣صʱ곯͢׷ҸİӣҵĸزҲ˲ȥҽΣʹ˲ˡҲû󣬼ҸΨǻ⣬Լؼ磬ĸĺ󶼲ٰˣԲϯһݲᡣһŮӣôأǡɸȴΪĸܻѦŷ磬ҴӴš
žӨˮ֮У޺ۡ
ҶС־ŭǺεһ˼ңǺεȵТŮ⻰ˮĸƺµңܴ˴˵ŹŮ߯Ҳ
ҶС챾ˮ˼Լƥ䣬Ҫ˵ò绨ȻΣƾԼҲѼڷǶĲͷȴҲһŭ
ҶСŭдʲôƨŵڡʫ񴫼ңТĹŮѦҵҫȻᱻΪ裬ĹΡĻ˼ˣ㲻Ҳա
ңϴ֣ĸ˵ʱ򣬸о֮ĵˣѺܶµؿߣʱһҶС첪ȻŭЩµľĸ׵
ѦˮмؿҶСһۣǻȥɡ˵ǣŮ֣ȥ
ҶС쿴Ĳ̬üĽôˣ
Ѧˮûʲôֻռ·߳Ѫݡ
ҶС켱æվ˵λߵ·
Ѧˮûʲôҳһ¾ͺá
ҶС첽ϹȥصʲôţҲܳŵã˵һ㱧סѦˮ䣬ᱧ
ѦˮһѾҶСű־ߣȴãҶС챧ţֻߵñ۾
ᡢӡҶСţȴ쳣ɫңһСܵظҶС棬µƫģ˼Ҳˣô˼ء
ҶСѦˮ豧һţɷ˵ȥЬӣѦˮ輱æţ߽еʲô
ҶСѪҪƣ߲·ˡ
ѦˮԼ
ҶСԼôչ˵õ¼ȨͲҪˡ
ѦˮһΣͰ͵صһ·ҡһûϴš
ҶСЦģҲһͳˡ
ѦˮĵЦζ˵ˡ
ҶСȥЬӣ´˲İɫС࣬¶һ˫ĽţѦˮĽֺŵŷ·ɬĻ꣬»ҶС첻һҪĳ嶯
ȣ
ҶСͷͷһŮ˵ĽŰŮ˵˵һ˫㡣ȻؿһϽʻԼĽţ֣ȻأһΪһ˽š
ѦˮСɵĽѾϣֻ߲֣ȶŵرԳԵӦţΪΪҸҺСʱҽԡ
ҶСŻȻĵˮĸײֻ壬һǸԶ
ʱ򣬹Ѿ˱Ƚձ£ŵһ˵ˣһǻ壬һǹݼŮˣһǱߵ壬һ־һЩҾƶҪŮӺһļͥ
Һ͹ݼŮ˲ţҹйŮӣҲǲҪŵŮˣйŮʱҪ󶼲ЩŮѾ˽ŽҲ÷ſΪ껹Сüá
ѦŮȻǳŹŮȥģĿľͺˡ
ҶС찵Ѧ޳ܣѰһӲĲݼΪѦˮѪݣӡʼգѦˮڲһҲҶһ˰ŪԼĽţͷȴƵһĸо
ˮ贩ӣ˿ڴҶСҲ˿ЦˣͲʲô̺ˣҪͲƯ
ҶСΪѦˮѪʱңһֱɴ۾һԿţҶС仰ң磬ңңƯ𣿡

ҶСװ룬˵һ˵أСʱ򳤵úƯŮӣ˾ͻܳܳΪСʱѾƯˣûչˣСʱСѾͷȴɡƯ𣿡
ңԴطҶС˵ⷬⷬ͵СӣȻЩѡ
˺ð죬תѦˮ裬ʵ˵𣿡
ѦˮЦͷǰ˶ģСʱƯ˾ͲƯˡңңԼƯ𣿡
СС˶ü⣬һ˼˷ЦģȨһСʱƯ볤Ư֮ʧ͹ϵصó˽ۣңңƯңңܳ󣡡
˵ܲģضѦˮҶСһҪǵãڵңңܳܳม


14 ֮·
ҹɫҶС¶̳ϣǿգͦԲĶӣ·һֻ¾ĸ󡾫
һֻ죬ѾԵñģԵһֻ졣ֻ߸ϵģ»ǻİ졣ˮĲȻͬߣӮ˹ġ
ҶСݺݵطһԤϱĺ־ԸһȢţһѴСӣźӻ磬úү;˾ˣǲ¶ôҾǶ˶Ѽң
е͵͵ϸϰߣң׸º˯ƶĵͯΨһȤ
ҶС̨ϣԼԼˮǡͶ򴫡дɲãȴѷһʱҶСھʱҲ˵뾹ڴ˵
ģˮ轲µԽԽСɸţң˯ˣˮ轲ŽҲ˯ˣʱҶС¶ݶһǣһ˫һۼžҹա
ҹУ㷱һһķ·һ˫۾ҶС쿴һſǳȻ뵽Ѧˮ˫ˮӡϱ濡ءҶСţ΢Ц˯ˡ

ٳЩٳЩ쵽ȥúСҶС죬·ڰգ㵸ָġ𹿰
Ѧˮƨɵش̨ǰǳңȥȥȥһ߶ȥ˸硣˵µһҶС¸߸Ĳλ𲻶µС˳ȥ
ڽѵ˰ɣСˣǺǡ
˯еҶСϡֻصԼļңͯļҡһ磬˯߾ѵСϤͯоǷҲһģһ
㣿
ҶСӣȻſ۾һ۾Ϳ΢׵գʶѹҶС췭𣬾Ϳջˮ裺ôô磿
ˣˮ̧ͷһַۣɿذ°ؿڣŶҵ̻ᱻǿЩ
磬ңң棡ңֻеİǳ֡
ֵӣҶСҲһæµӰƷһˣĺӣܰĸоҶСҪ
һҪǰȫشؾȥҶСţ̳һԾ£·
λΪ˵һɶʹһΪ˾˵ԭҲԭΪһﱾܣͬһҪ㡣
ͬǣеֻҪӣҪԭڵµԭƣһͨﱾܵķʽйԭתΪķʽй׳־ġ֪ƻԵȵȣתΪĴԴȪ
Դ˿̵ҶС˵ԭķʽǼ򵥴ֱռУͨίĸϺķʽżУҪȻ͸ӡҲࡣ
ϳԷʱҶС췢Ѧˮƺû˯ã˫ƯѪ˿
ĪΪӢͬݶߣ˶˯ˣһҸоõҶСմմϲ룬϶δ˸õ㽡
ùͣʣµɣժ˼ƬŽҶӹãͰһڰСС컹̫磬ûôģнֵϾĵģг
һ˼ԺһִˣͷɢѦˮķ˶֫ؿһǽ֮ھӼƿڴҪƤӣҼµĴ׶춼͵һûƨ۶
ѦˮҶСһۣͷСȻǲµңҲЩ飬ǣ׵СһСܣΨҶС治ɫͦذͷĴͥŲ
ȵͣũǿͷµصʱվ¢ϣָɣشĳĳɶȱ´ð̵͵ǼҵİʱҶС조һڡԶԶ뿪Сׯ

ҶС͹˺·ӵĳ̶ȣɽˮ࣬ɲ񱱷ô·ͨ˴ҪȺɽҳһ򱱵İȫͨѡ
һʱҶС̼ϸѯһϤ߰һȺɽ֮򱱵ĵ·ʱ뿪ԶƱزܻͷֻӲͷƤһ·ǰˡ
ҶСѾѦˮ迴Լ֮һֱûҵʵĻӺܴ󣬿鳡ϣҲһˡ
ҶСĿе֮ĹϵȻûиһķչңСõĸȴһǧҶСǰңҲǰһʼԳ𱦱
ҶС챳ңȥɽ·ϣѦˮߣΪѾϰ˲УĽŲȴǰࡣϦĺ⽫ǰӰԡУΪǵһɫıԵ
ңſҶСļϣִ˲ƣؼĽɫϷ磬ھȥȡ˭أ
ҶСЦҰݺ£ұǣһħ֡
磿ʮ𣿡
ᡣ
ʮôݺ硣
ô˵һʺ˽ˡ
ңԼıӡͣصΪʲôأıӲҲѽ
ҶСЦܳ԰
ңСƵͣŲҪ˽䣬Ҫ档
ҶСУ˽䣡
ң߬Сȭͷͷһ£޺޵ЭˣǱ˽䣬統ԡ
ҶСʧЦô𱼲ˣĶ񱼲ԣ
ң§ĲӣŤСҪԣϲ
ҶСúúãϲǸǱԡ
ˮ΢ЦǶ죬ȻǰǰǼɽ̫һȼյĻȽȽظɽͷϣǾһȺֵķɶ꣬Զɽ֮ϵĻ棬һѰеĹ
һСׯĺũЦŴкȻסЦݣɻؿǰǰʮһ·ҳҲƵĳ˴ׯ
ιͷûһ˫ŮһСѾͷǴӣ
סֵݡһһֻĻǰһݣϺǰ۾˿Ц㻭ģĿ󡣡
߳ŭ϶ûˣһĺòÿ
ϺȴҲգֻǹسЦ㻭ϵˣϺײǾûġϺֻһһСӺһ꣬һɰСѾͷﾭ
Ŀһ˲ĳЦæһʵĶȥˣ
Ϻ˸۶ϺֲǸƯŮ˾߲ĵͽӣ˼ҿСɴ˾Ϻ׷ȥɣϺ¶һ˿Цؿݡ
˫һæʵ˵ż̽뻳һɢ߻һ߽ӹӣˬһָǰֻһ·
ߣ
ݶ˵ƨϳһӣ·׷ȥ


15 ·
ҶСһ·УӾ֮أ硢ء׳͡סʮİȺһɢ;һСׯ
ԭͬٸҲԽһЩƶӡ뺷ĵطƿصʵֻسǡΰȻӶӡΪȫҶСҪҵͬ·òŻ·
˻ݸֻҪݱһͨϱĵ·ǾͿȥǵ·ҶСмȸֵģ˵Ҫ̤ϻؼҵ·ĵֻʣһǮ
˻ݳһͨϱĵ··ǴççȺɽ֮пٳһӻݵһ֮һ۵ɽ·ҲҪʱͨ
ڴڼ伸ȫǳɽ룬̣޷˵ƹµҲ޷ͨģҶС첢δֹɽǰ·ֹ۵Сһֱ޾֮·
Ǻ󣬻һǮ˰ӣǿԸһڣȥ
Դӽ˻ݳǣѦˮЩأֻҶСʱϲǣȫδѦˮأ˼űң첽ǰеıӰԣȴֱտڡ
ۿڼˮڹ첽׷ǰȥҶС˵ЩʲôҶСȴͻȻͣסŲһѳɿ·ڽֽǡ
ѦˮԾصҶ磬ôˣ
ҶС
ңˮ裬ǽ̽ͷȥԶһüɫ
Ŵֻ̼ʿ䱧ųţشŽİգڳǽӰ£ȴվǶ
εһʮֵĳ¸ۣһĸݣȻݡҶСû뵽ǾȻ׷ˣҾסΨһϣ
һʯϣͷñһϡ
һŹӶһؿųǵİաܲ˵ĳͲÿǰ飬ҶС졢ѦˮһСӣϺױϡ
ݱĹٵ׷ԶһֱûпҶС˵ӰϾѾˣҶС˾ǽ˵ĳҲܿùǵȻ׷ϣܾܿǵĺ棬߸δ뿪ݡ
϶תƥѣһֱصݳҲûҶСӰӡ㬵ȥˣΪҶС˼ȻҲˣ˭֪ȴҪҲҪҵˮĸŮ֮ء
ݲ׷ΪִţȴҲֻܰС۵ŮǺεȿ£ΪһūҲΥӵֻܲ۲۵ִС
ҪץҶС̸ףݷѾ۲ŴҶСȥһ·ѭ׷ϣÿһζһ
мڴˣݸɴֳһѭ׷ϣԼһҹ̵ȸϵݸȥǵıؾ֮·ϡ
ҶСѦˮˣڳǰ
ʲôѦˮɫʱһס
ҶСʵΪηҪأ
Ѧˮ㯣ϸ룬ҡͷҡҲףûеΪʲôôССŮӣûе
ҶСܾˮĻЩʵ޵ȺûУһмԼȨôɥĲҲá޼ɵҲãûеɽ
ȻûȨϻԼִˣͲܺĿĻûԭɡڲǱʵʱҶСˮһۣ̽ͷȥ۲ſڵĶ
ˮҧҧ촽ڰصǼȻס˳ţô죿ҪҪڳ㼸죿
ҶСҡҡͷ˭֪Ƿֻ⼸أһڳд̽Ƕô죿ҹζ࣬Ǳ뾡ǲŰȫЩ
Ѧˮ迴ڳŴǼ󺺣صôȥ첻ȥҲȥ
ҶС°ͣص׳ȥȥ޾֮·ҵ취ġ
ʱһǲ·ڻ
ǰˣһһλһǰһҹԼʮͣͷһڣϻһԸԼһߵţǣţǼϵŲƮȦ´һȦС׹
һȾİȹϵϸϸСϣϵһ壬ϵλֻڴˣͬΣ߲Ȧھϣλεģǰѹ졣
һ˫ƳӯĴȣ̬С֫Ҳȣ㿰뻭´һö
װƵףüһ˫ۣͦΣͱԭ˶ӣСԵôЩȴҲ÷绨˫һζ
Ǵ겢δͿ죬ȴһֽĹ󣬵ʡʣֽԸеʹ͸һֳԸУһΣ޶ˡ
Աȴһ˹˹ĵˣҡһȣֹ֮価ţֻ䲻ѿȴҲѳΣǿ֮ˣɶ˵ζȴʮ㡣
󻹸ʮǣ嵶׳֮ͷ˷׷߱ܣ˲ǵˡ
ۿҪߵ·ڣǶͻȻһȣҹصڴ˴Ե㶫ٳǰɣǰ·ҰҲûһң·ϲýʳ
칫ܵǾɡ
ŮЦģķ·һСϪˮϤ˿˿̵ģԲǰλ˵Ĺ֪λչˮڶչչ
ˮŮˣǺŮˣǧ谮һĺŹŮǾͳǭشСС˾үеجΣ֪ٱĥҪ˾үҹһλĴӢ۴Ϊǡϧһֱû˸ԸԼǵجαҲʼջ֮ȥ
λչչ˵ĸˮչϵĴ˾ĸǭصһ˾ˮϣչһ˾壬Ȼ󲻿ԡ
ԵĻʵۣǧ˾ʵҲҪܵƣΪΪĻʵǣһһ۸һһơЩ˾ȴȨרϡɱᣬȻʵۻҪٱ
ˮݣڻŮϣǵĿ¡չˮֻǵڶȴҲΨһһŮӡ
λչ׺䣬֮ȴѧ츳ֻҪһ鱾ܿܽ磬ȴҲ޷˴ѧ֮ġ
ȻܳΪŮǾͼһӰɣ
չ룬ҲˣҪһѧԨĶˡ
ϢһǭشС˾ҵүǸ죺ͷĸϻȷҪһĿ꣬ҺòҰһЩѧʹƨͨƫƫԾŸ߰˶˾үΪԷһǴӴүĿʶ
ʵǸ˵ģҪҶˣбȺɸɫĶôҺˬʴкҶɵĲ顣ҶɣÿһŮ˵Ƕһջ󰡣
չ˷ԭȥΪ˰һ飬سǡλ첮ĵĶˣһʫһ٣ľʹˡ
칫ѮҾƶרĶ飬δ顣չϤһкϰԼĿ꣬ԼĴҰ˹ţǰǰһ硢˳ĹԹŮģ
칫ӵһ飬һ˫䷭ţöУչһµϢҶСǰƮȻ
ҶС˱Ƕĵ㣬Žչ칫֮ʮ⺷ҺӣѦˮ衰žشһָɷصа취ˡ
ѦˮȻʵʲô취
ҶС컵һЦصɽƣҰĺǰ뿪ţǾϳǣ


16 С赶
С棡
չ˵գӣʹһһЦٻض첮ĵ
չҴС㣬ʲôʱɹ̺˵ĻϵûִܹЩʿһ·ѾԼСλ칫ӵСӭҲֲ֡
ǵķʳСȻûǵķݶֻԼõС˵ӰСš֮Ҳֻܰ̾ʱлˡ
һʿֱڸǰˣ࣬ǰȴҲû԰ĺܡ
л칫΢΢һЦչҾ
ǶأǶĴ³ӣ˹֪ģ˵֮ǰҪҾһҾչϲţһ§ȹڣӯӯ
չļȻϲĽֱС꣬Ҳǲ֪伲ĽŮϾΪһ˾Ͻ¾կݻչ׳կסʳҲдª򵥵ʱ
λ칫ͬ·Уһ·칫ӴӲһǮչȻͲչԼݳķСͬʱ칫֣ⷬҲǿ
λ͹٣ǵ档
СЩʿųλﲻͬ죬Ͻ֪棬ڵظǶ
չ˹˹ĵЮ첮ĵ˼ϴ˹Ӿ֮ȴҲѧ֮ֻǿûʦָ֪ܷһ
첮ˬʵЦдкβףʵأ黭˵ײһұٵ֣ͺãϲҲǿ󣬷ʧȴ˱塣
˻衢裬˶Ϊȴֺγʧ˸ţɤظҲת飬ѧãĺɤȴѧ֮أĳ߸һ
չߴصСŮڹǰֳ󡣡
һӾ޽ʳ˼ȴߴӵض칫ӵ빫һʣ̸ȥͬ飬֪˺غɷȥӼаݷã
չŮȴҲһδĴﲻȥһӼҰݷã˵첮ıˡ첮΢һԥõصĳ˷ѧóȻţָĸ˫׻Ϊһֱ赡ѧҵһɡ
ۼչ¶һĨʧɫ첮æʵĳҲüҸĸأֻǲִٵδ񲻺ϣ¡
չչյ˼ôСţ˼ҲףǺ˵ĺܣĶˣǺðɣ˼ľǡ
첮İ˿úúãǾ˵ˡ档
ӴչովӣҶСͷظϹһ䣬ǡǡչĸ첲ϣһ涼ײˡ
չѽһһʱչ첮ĸϽܿ칫üͷһõصôçײ
չЩ˷Ųδ峡ҲδҶСײС㣬ŷ׷վչüһޣŭһ칫ϵѵçײˣԼһᡱĴҹ㣬æȰˣҲ⣬һˡ
ʲôһµҶСʧɫæؼֵ̿صûɣ㾹ȻҪһ
չֵصʲô𣿡
ҶСɫȻԣֻײѣôһأһ԰ǾԲԼ壬ӦǷҪġ
չһ˵ֻͷԷ裬Ǻӵ˵һ롭
ҶСϽؿڵҲɣ־ȴҾԼϣ
չĻֱðҧȵ˵һ棡
첮ŭɶصչ㲻ǹˣ룬ռˡ
ҶСŶԭҪһ棬Ҿ˵۵һͳˮƯҪ˹Сָˣô޳ܵҪԭһ룬һ
չʱܹϷŪ֮£칫ǰŮһһĶ̵λεسҶСǰҶСϱս͡
չĿеĵȵҶСһƣػҶСĺͷҶСĺͷһƬϸ΢ļƤ
չеĵƣҶС첻òһ竹ǿСƵģܰ°ͣ΢΢Ųֵġչү
չ̧һȣϺݺһȣбżЦЦصҶС죬ص˵˵㲻Ǻ˵𣿡
ҶСص׳ʿ
չȻҶС£컬డıôռڲռ壬ɾûˣ
ҶСص˵Цˣ㵶Ӷˣֲǻˣٺ
չЦ㲻˵۵һͳˮôô˵һͳأ
ҶСЦүүǴӱװӵʱ͵װӣɷ졣
չƲƲ㻹ڱǰװүɱ㣬ζֹˡ
ҶСϽʵԹòһѾˣù㶯ֵġ
չ۾߳һ㻹컬࣬Ųھɱ㣡
ҶСίصҶƨˣôɱң
չֺԲִһ˫ӺݺݵصһһصôʹûмôҪˡ
ҶСϽ͸ɱˣɱңĶһôҪˣ
չռس鴤ż£ҶСĺ£֪Լ˵ʲôˡ
һŶ̵Һ̤ǰɭȻС㣬С˴ðɡ
ҶСϵιιιǿɲ˶۸٣ҪеͷңҲֵܵģֻҪҰֵ˭˭һأ
չüһǴĺ⣬ҷȥֵܣû֮ǲǣ
ҶСǾ͸һȥҵֵǿǺܴģЩˣҲ޻˵ҪɱҪУھͶְɣ
չһ⵶ĵһתʱʧһ߷ʣ⺷غȵǰ·
չʮ⺷ĴһѷسݣչȻѾԼǸȫ칫ӵС
ˣһ·ŬӪĴҹһȫˡ
չµ͵͵һ۸칫һۣδ¶õɫ԰æȥڨڨصùӼЦˣ˼ҡ˼ʵǱСӸˣʵ˼Ƣһܺõģǰɣ
칫ӵ˵ͷߵصöԣƤҪϼӳΣ֪ҪжҸŮ
չظϸ˵ǡ΢΢ͷǡˮʤĽߣȴǰ⣬һֻ¶֣ԼǾԲ¶ɷģ˵СҪô죿
ݴżڳſڶҶСһ˺ƺƵ߹ԶԶҶСǰһָ˵Ǿҵֵܣ
ҶСӿŲԽڶǰȥݶƤոתͷ˫ͻȻһǰһָȵǣץס
ҶСǰܳͻȻַܣ˫׷ҶСһܣһŵسչȵֵˣЩӣɣ


17 ԯ
ҶСצسǰ棬ݵҧгݵظں棬һܻһ߰εڵģһٻҪƴƵġ
չߵֻҶСͻȻ֮ܳȥųſȺߺһɤӣȻ͵תͷҫǳشУӣˣ
ǴʱôѵͣȶԷֵܣٺúһ˭˭ǣǵȻϰγ޷˵سȥҺıȶԷȶԷ׺ݡ
ҲܴģǴӮֵܣҾ
ۿѩѩӳͬһڵĵɽҶСͻȻŵĨͣһλ·һ۵ĳͻȻһƯƣವһ¾·ߣһͶش
һЩСаεͳҺӼ˳ָһӰ£οӭ˳ֵ˭϶ٵӭȥ
ݵнɣЩҪʲôòơòҪǶ֣ѵҶСľȱ
ݿǺﲻǾݣЩɽկ۾ӵǺεȵı뺷衣ţµĲӽǸûлʸѾŴ󵶣С˸߲ҵس˹
ϡһͨҿݵһߺͿؾٵӭУһﻭŻ
سǵϾһſڷսһƺͣһ˸ɴǲɽز䣬ϿӧǹͷȥѸٹϡȽ鼫ḻ
һ
ڰ˹ĴСչͶشҶСʱȻȹӺݺţ䲻мĻ˵ֻݺݱҶСһۣ˹ȥ
չһȥſڵϰڹҶСŴһߴսһ𣬳ŴİձɢȥѦˮ豧ңŴƵģʱӵſڡ
ҶС̧ȥʱѦˮǡŤͷҶСһϲСϱʱץã
ҶСѦˮĴָһߡĿͣѦˮתͷѸʧڳŶ
⽣Ӱ֮УҶС첻ϵ߽Ǵƶţڻս˫ûע
չȫעضŽս˫˶࣬ҸսʿȻóɽսȴӲ
ˣһҪǿ̫࣬һ٣ҶһЩҶԺȻƽʱʯǹȵЩɽж
ҪˣͶͶ
谤һҼһӣҲɢˣͷɢ֧穵ؽƴɱһ󣬵ֱһرʿķˣֻø߾˫֣ߵشУǵҶСʲôˣΪԣ
չ칫ɻػ࿴չͻȻ򣬼æֱۣȵͳͳס֣
ɱ۵˫ˣվöѻˣһչ̤ǰʵǡҶСֵܣ
һյĹ֮ѪȾ¡ͷɢݾһĳشף˫ָ߾죬ǻߵغҶС죬ݶ췢ģһҪɱ㣡һɱģ
չСŮƵվ칫ߣȴҧгݵطģСӣ㾹ϷŪҡңҶģҲŹģһ㣡һ㣡
ʱݺչ˫˫䣬ﱹҵҶСͨϷһɽҰϡ
ƻƵű߶ݳʱȻѦˮ豧ңѰͨϷһɽСϡҶС󼱣ңңˮ裬ߴ·Ǹ򡣡
ѦˮţֻǸû·ˣҶС캰ӰѾʧƽĵ澡ͷҶСεؿǰƽ̹Ĺٵ޺һţҲ˴·׷ȥ
Ѧˮ豧һӣܵÿ죬ܿͱҶС׷ˡ
ˮ裡վסҪˣ
ҶС켱ǰˮæֹתһϲصҶ磬ӳû׷ɣ
ҶСȻûУôߣԶҲ˱ǰ
ѦˮĿ΢΢Ʈһ£Ͻˮ룬Ȼ˳ǣֻǲµҪߵķ򣬺ܿͻ׷ɽжһʱŻ
šƺеҶС쿴Ѧˮ裬΢΢ЩζϾչ΢ЦǺǣһ·ˮҲء
ѦˮڨڨһЦһ˿ȻȻݹ
ҶСǰһѴнӹң߰ɣȵɽ϶һʱӹǵ׷˵
ҶС챧ң󲽶ȥѦˮıӰЩյҧҧ޺һţ첽׷ȥ

ҹɫãԡ֮ˬҶСççֵһɽڿһֻòײץĽ
һѻ𣬻ȼţϢһɨգҶСתżڻϵĽڻϷ֨֨ð֬ѡ
һɽȪѦˮŸǶϴңɽոϴңɢͷŵʮֿɰ
ҶСǻЦ˵Ѿ쿾ˣңңš
ۣ㰡ң˵ҶС컳۷ؿֻ˵Ŀ˿ĭҶСЦҪõһףʲô
ȻҶС쿴ңϹһĻɫСӣδڽҶСӿ˿һľСľƣϸ壬涼ʲôû̡
ҶСʵʲô
ңص˼Ҳ֪߹˵˼һʱʹӣԺҲҪһֱţŪˣС磬Ӻÿô
ҶСÿȻÿңңôÿʲôÿء
ңһȴ£ǵС˵Сʱ򳤵úÿŮӳ˶ܳǸϽǿСƺÿңңɲÿңңóóء
ҶС룺غŮûɶŮİɣĸУŮҲǿôһƽƽľأ
Ϊ£ң亢ĻҶСûᡣѦˮʹҶСнӹ˿ܣתſ͵͵ҶСһַۣɿջĿ⡣
ǺʵϷӣֻݵ׷ɱҶСҲѵ
ʵڳʱҶС̹Լˣֻǿûлᡣ򼴱㲻ܰȫҶС죬Ҳ¶Լһ롣
˻ᣬֵˣʵҶСͼ޴ȥʱҲҶСͼӶ뾸ݡ
ʱҶСΪˣֻһ£оҶСЩʵﻹǺЩŵȳģȴԼأݣԲ벻ȴô׷ô죿
Ѧˮüոշյ𣬾ͲҶСƵĿѦˮһԼصôˣ
ҶСһЦ¶һڽ׵ݣûʲô㷽ôԡһ£
Ѧˮ豾ҶСĿЩ֣Щ飬һ⻰ŷ˿ڳһΪģ˼ҡ˼Ҳڴԡɡ
ҶСŮ˾鷳ҴңңȥɽȪԡһкβãɽҰķݼޣ±ǿȥɣǺǣ㲻ϴ㲻ϴɣǳԿ
ſ˱ָңһ⻰ϻһԹá


18 زز
ңŰ˯ˣôԶ·һ·ֵµģľĹˣ˯ĺܳĻӳ۵С쳣ɰ
ɽǣһѻůˣҿҰޡѦˮ˼͵͵һҶС죬΢΢ŵվ
ѦˮߵڣֻͷһۣͶҹɫ֮СƬ̣ҶС캨ͣȻһ˯ңɻ׷ȥ
ɽΧɽʯ϶ֻ࣬ҰݣûľҲҰ޿˻𣬲õңңİȫҶСɽʯڻˮӰȪˮԡ
ҶСŻȻ򣺡ԭҪԡ
ϴŮ˵ֱһجΣԱ߾һϪѦˮܽסջ󡣿ǹ컯յļû͵Ҳҿ½οҶС֪ԡĻЩֵֹġһֱӵڣҶС˯ˣĸϵȪˮߡ
ŪˮĿģҶС˿ֿʼ˷ҪϴˣԼǿ԰⣿ҶС̧ͷ˿죬ִԲǸ
ҶС쳤ô󣬾ֻһŮϴ裬ǴСĿģǸŮ̲һ˼ҸȢŶõһСϱʱڰʶϣǰһˮУ֡
ҶСӴӿȥ׻һӣλĹۡھӼ͵ӵģʧǵشϻֿտգһӶûժĶˮӵģ
һΣа׻һƬһߣϵŤţŮ˵ȴȫģڶ糿𴲵ʱĿһƬ塣
ҶСƽһλһСʮ꣬СġʵλڼС̬òǶһոʶ˵ӾȴĴ
ԺҲŮҵ壬ö֮ʱ̼̫ǿĸоʹټǲʱʲôԺֻа׻һƬԼҹмĸо
ҶС͵һѪŵһ֦ҶïˮϵĴܲڴϣ¹ӳˮϣһһطӳϺϣƻá
ʱ¸˪ء
ѦˮȥܿذԼȪˮĥѹŮӣһƺȥеµľһӯ
վˮУˮֻ괦ϸԲСˮعһȥˮµӯ֮˷·ǰڶβ׻׻ġ
ںڵ㷢סǰ𡣳ĳɢˮУˮһ˳ˮķ
ϴʱûһ˿׸СǷ¡β¶ߣһƬӨҶС۾ҶСȻʲôûȴһæҵĸо֪Ķˡ
ˮвǾֹģԡϴĽÿһĶÿһ˵Ļ涼ʱı仯һۣǴһľ¡
ǣҶС۾ֻܷɿ˸ţŬء̰ؽһͼ۵ףһƻõϣˮһλðŮˡ
ҶСĳ嶯۶ֻĸоһкԵ밮ĿһֻѿǵСۻƵ๣һǲ㱡ĵǡ
죬ˮƺīɫģīɫĺˮɫ¹⣬ɫ¹ƬѦˮˮ·һſӨļϣȻ󻶿ع䡣
ҶСһƵڹ׾ϣֻСѾۻƵһƬǣųһʵ磬һֻŭС
ѦˮһˬػصɽʱҶСǶѦˮ˿û뵽һʮصӣոѾһС˸ͨ͸
ҶСݣ˯ƽǿģȴͬ޹ģĺҵģҵģšǾЮҲŷİ
һĻʹľһֻӼ˹֦ͷһö֭ζӣﻹ̵òȥժ¡
ǣĸоѦˮ貢ûЪϢеѦˮƺ߽Щڹ۲Ȼ߿ϤϤһϸ΢֮󣬶б㾲
ҶСֵһſ۾Ȼ֡ϱˣ
ѦˮŻŵɽУ¹ңϴʱѹ۲õһ򼱱ңſļͷ۾ԺصףȥѽСأ
Ѧˮ衰ꡱһСҪ˵ǺСϷҲǺòã
ңѹ²صððɮ˽䱻ץߣʥȥǳһ˭˽أ

ˣ˯ңſˮͷɵ·룺С汿ʱû׷˼Ҷ챻Ե
ңе˿ѦˮԣЦţһֻµĸ
ԳǴӸկȥݵģ·ǡˮĸŮķ˶⣬ңܲϲˮȴм
˵ҪȥǸسһͨݸĵ·ԴˮĸŮͬУҶСȴ֪úȥδӵˮ˵λһ
ЦеشˮңԽԽϲСˮûһϸƤ⣬üۿΣɽ̣ˣܶ׬ЩСŮ޶һǸӣҲϸüǮ
ѹֽһϲȵأԭһ׮ˡ뵽Цػˡ
УҶСԶԶ׺ǣɫΪʲôѦˮҪ𣬼ǲؾϼ޸һҲܺЩܲϲֱõĸо
Ǿ˶Ѧˮķŭһ·ˣˮ·ԺҶС͸ǲ룬ĸĻ졣
ҶСһ·ţһֱССسǣˮңͬϼĴկİһ߽š
Ҷˣ
ҶСȻ£ԳһЦ⿴ͲĴ帾Ǹŵȳĺˣ崿һС˶ȴһƭ˲ء
߰ɣ߰ɣͷڿݣһû׬ôͷЩ㹻ԵˡȻǸŮˣ㻹ʲôأ
ҶСҪվֲĵȥҾôȥˣܵĿ಻Ͱ׳ˣȢô׵ģҪý֤Ҫ׬ǮƸҪ·ӡҪˣһװ
ҶСͷԼϥмĲλѯιֵܣ˵仰˵ǽǻƨɻر

Ҫǵͷ۾ͽǡҪҡͷ۾ͻر

Ȳͷֲҡͷʲô̬ȣǹϵԸĴ£ף


19 ܶǰܶ
سǲԭسֻǿһӣȺɽ֮СҲϱͨҪؿò࣬سֵʱÿεˡ
ÿһ죬Ұձ׷״ŸɽĢҰҰζϯ¨ϵͨޡ
ȻҲһЩ̼Я˲ƥΰ͡ƺ֬ˮۡͷƷõСǣ͵ɽ񽻻ЩҰζɽ䣬˵׬ۡ
СջҪΪϻɽͱ𴦸̼Ԥģǳª
ƽʱڳ⡱ȻֵطĹٸԭشĹٸ磬ЩСлǺģڴ˵ҪһЩ
ѦˮĸŮôõɽ˳δϧҪ˼һ߼Ժ׬üǮһǲµˣֻسżΪ֮Ҳʲô
ϣһСջҪ˼䷿ѦˮСӣسЩĵƤѹƣò绨ɲҪ߶
Ȱ㰲ȥݼһˣһ̽ףҲҪǰһ̰źôȥݵҪȻεεСӣǸ̫̫ƽƽеġ
Ѧˮмл΢΢һЦת뿪˷䣬ѦˮŮոյ˱ˮડһæϳȥһţ¶ƿһ϶Ҳ򲻿Ǳ
Ѧˮеʱһֲĸо˼䡰ûĻסĿˣǿ˴ŷһòŮӣһͷӶģɫǹ졣
Ѧˮ״к£ҲţвĸоȴԽԽǿң˷˰ɣǸʵӣѦˮ費Լжϣ¹ľ棬ȴİ
ңѾʧȥèèȤˣСѦˮףСôûҵǰ
Ѧˮ§ڻˮۿת֪ҶСԶҲܳǰˡ˳ذңݣӦýǸˣҶСеľֻһźȴκʱ򶼻Ǹˡ

뿪ջ󣬱˳ڳתسﲢûϤ˿԰ߡҲǰˣҲ֪˭ҸС
Ҹ˼ң˼ǮȥԺֻǴ˵صļԺֻҰݺĻ۵أרǵǮǲ˸еĺü۸
سҴұţȫδעһӰʼյ
ضʮͷˣϡͷ˴룬һ٣һľһƾɵĸ𲼶·£ǰһҡһ
Ϊȣ§ӣ¶һ˫ݵëȣ˶ǶһֻÿмɫŮ˴ǰʱֱض˼ңǰغΣƵģԴڵңҰڵ󡭡
ǸɽģɽǸ£˵ɽҲ׬˶ǮԣǸԸԣȴǺǮˡ
Ϻܻң̯ڷŵĲ룬·Ҳûйأǳң£ضɿ׼ȷ׷һҡҷ˵ƨɽнԶֱĿˡ
ضԭֻոɻƹСƣСưϻʱûмǮҲûǮȢ
һΨһһγ˵ζǻǶʮǰһ߬˺þõǮѲŵһŶҤţǱ߬͸ĶʮĴǮƵıŮһ¡
ֻһ£ֻſǰ׻ϣûü£һйע֮󣬹ضȻЩЩǮʱ־ֵּĸоǴһжֵá
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ƹˣųʵһӵͷһ׳Ӹһ£ûƹĻǮԼƹ񣬴㲻ֻǳԱһԼŮˡ
ضһֱ⣬ǮȢϱһЩһЩ޹ˣϾǸŮˡֻû뵽һô죬ºܶһ죬ɼΪǸЦûˣϲʹ
һ߷ǰҡҷضݽӵĽţζβʱͻȻиŮһ굲ǰжߡ
ǵʱܲ˵üʵɽɽ
Ǹٴ͸һ΢Цţ˵ƹģҲ㶫
ֻʵиŮˣҪҪ

ܶϥϱСӼҵѾͷŵݵͣ߶߶˵Ѿɷʱǲ뵽һСӡ
ϡǵãǸСűŮӻͣЦģȴһҲӡ
ԶҲ֪ʵ֪֮һ׹Ǹ֣Ǹ꣬Ǹһֻʹһ˷ӣľ
ͷ죬ǲ
ڵü˼ţҪϤĵط˭Ǯ˭ȱŮˣֱţⵥͳˣسΣȴҲֻϼΣäϹײ
۵һˮĿСӣسҸ˼ңٱɽǮ߳屶־ЩҲֵõģ˼ҪҪȥЩʣߺȻ˻ãλã
عͿһͺɿظϹһʵӣֻǱһСľȻЩ졣ʵãǲǡǲиֶŮҪˣ
ֿƾɵ¶ֺֻЬӣüôѵָȢ𣿡
ŵæҡ֣ɫĸˣִٵش֣ԼĽż⣬СֻһȢǡǼүɸ檡
Ȼ򣬿һ࣬ĶұṈ̀ģȴ֪᲻ûǮŮˣүҪ檣Ҹ˵ֶŮεĺܣǮɲˡ
ԿصүеǮͷİɣ˵иֶŮҪ˵ףҴãҡ˵㻹Ǹү˵ɡ
ʵʵĲ񻰣ôһλ˵ýͰͣҲˣͷҲƼ˺ʱĨЦɣҾ͸һˡ
һȥͱװȻͺҡɽһɽһ𱻰һ¿֨֨뿪سǣٱųʱͳ˹ضţֱ޲ŵ߳Ǽéݣ֪ʲôط


20 ɮ
ѦˮڷУϸʶ֣ȷƭˡʱŷⴱСǶģƺôӲȥ
ĲĲ۾գѽգģ˵ʲôȴֲ֪˵ʲôֻſ۵ֱۣĸ
Ѧˮ̲סúޣԼĴҲĶ񶾡ԺѾֿµĺ
С㣬ˮ̫ûãˮ蹼иС磬Բҡ
꣡
΢һѦˮ軹ˣܾƵģɪزһ£ֵſڡ
֨ѽһ˰ȣһӰͶóһ˵Ӱи־ˡ
ûֻ߽Ǿվſڣһֻһ죬һǮУ漴ǵӰתȥ
ѦˮȻɴ۾ң嵽ſڣͼͥԺտգﻹӰ
ѦˮعͷͼһǮҫ·ӲӵĹâ
źƵһ˫۾ͻȻѦˮղһС硣
Ѧˮ˵
ͻȻϲص쿴
ѦˮϲæŤͷһͼСָſеһֻӬСɲӬˡ
Ѧˮʧ

ǸŮˣôôŮˡ
ҶСƵúܣ˷֮ѦˮĶ˾Ϳʼˡ
ҶСһǮˮнıǮ֮һСס£Գ˴ûȥݵԱͬУȴһƭ˼Ժ
ҶСǱԺʱ˼깫ǿǶԸҵŮõİ취һʧȥάĶܶڸѹ¶Ա
ҶСֻ棬һǿɲǼУ֮£ֻȷŻ˳żԺＦɹʱһӳȥŰͶڵɵŮ˾ȳ
׳֮ҶСҲŪһˣûȫȬѦˮĳСͷӵʱңҶСңĸ磬ڽ϶סǸң뿪ҩԵңͻˮߡ
ҶСһһεĽ߾ܡǻ۵Ӫˮңˮңһɮ⣬ϵرһЩħ°ߡ
ҶС֤ŴСŮһδαһʼǴĵеʹĸоġѦˮĲСкΪүȥˣԲŰͷִСŮˡ
ǺܿףͷʵѽÿһˮңգֻҪػɳһصȥȣҪʹݿƵʥ
ʵȫ˦־߻ؾǵģһδθˮĺƨɡ߲ߵһʼˮ赹ùһ֡ԹĿ⣬Ψʹ಻ˡ
Ҳ֪ˮĶʵǸŮˣɽҰСиһֺȺķϣҹеһֻө棬ôܲߵע⡣
죬ɮˮֵùˡ
ҶСͷϴһ֦ɵñСӱߣһա
ģСӱиׯׯλԱ⣬ԱӵɽΧеĵأׯϵİռȫǼҵĵ軧
ĵطһһʵۣ˵̫үҪãȻȻʵ۹áΪڰУңԶĻʵԶ̫үµģʵ۱̫ү¡
Ѧˮ辭ӣżꤵСѾͷƺʩĻԱ⿴Ĵ󷢣ؾҪʳ޳УһӣҪһˡԼ
ðɣʵһ׵ǿŮĹ£һ»ԱΪ׸ǲôģҲ޵ǿŮĵزοΪʵĵϲһҲǲѱ߲ݵġ
Ѧˮ費ѱ߲ݣ֪ĶѹֶԼҵĵ軧˺˵ЩԸһʵأ
ԼȲҲǶԣʵǸûĲھҶСпʵһֻǮĻԱ⣬ڰƽеһǿ
ҶС쿴ߵϼޱȵġܶ곩ޱ£ͨᷢϣ뵽취ҹһˡ
뵽еҶСӱһ뵽ѦˮӣҶСĳһӲһӲһ֮䣬Ȼѡͨ°˼
һɮ⣬ҲӦҵɮ⣡ҵĽȾָ
ҶСһѳͷϵñӣݺˤСˮȻתȥèϲ㣬èӾϲ򾣬㲻ϰ˺ܶջȴ׵õɹǽûм¼ȥ

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ԱҵĴűߵɽ죬ƫƫõһ඼ûУžͽķҡ
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Ҷ²ͷغһΪƸӭ͵ӣҶÿһҲ˹ģҲֵĺӣ̣ͷۣ·ŷһ㡣
һ˵˼õҪôϳɣҪô֪񣬱Ͼһ˼ҵ棬ӭʱҪ֪͵áǻԱΪһһϲƣƽʱ˼ҿˣ
ڻƲνӾǿŹҪŻЩģԾôһŷƵĻɫҶ´ţµˣлƵģͶ̥
Ŵˣվһˣźأƽһ಼ֱ֣Щƾɣͷһķ໹ۡüʣɲˡ
ҶеģŴֺڵüë´ۣûֱӺ뿪΢õʵʲôģ
ҶСһۣƵص̰ʹ˾ĲͷүǱش
ҶֻĲ죬̰ʹ˾ͦӵģʲôȻȴ׶ԷҲǲ죬ǫڨڨصǣүǱش֪үʲô¶
ҶСǰǹˣʮ㣬ģ߽ȥĵصүңԸУ㱭裬ˡ
ȣҶƨƨߵظҶС棬ۿң˿ݵˣϽߺһûĴѾͷȥλ㱭Լֱլ
լһѦˮرң˵뱣ңң˵ңңԼһ͵û뵽շһƵĻԱ⣬ȻҲһͷƤǣеˡ
ԱԲĴӣЦеضѦˮСӣһѽ㿴¶ĸģׯӣ˳˳ˮĵȥô
˵ʵ˳˳ߵڣѾ֮ҡȥǲǱǵȥǱʲô˵ɽȥüţϷȻʹ˵㣬֪˰㿴ҼҽɽҳĺʲôãʹϷɡ


21 Ҷƾȼ
ѦˮŭӻԱǿ°ŮͲô
Ա̯˫֣Цеص񲻾٣ٲ˭ΪС¶ȥ淢أޣ㻹ȥôСӣ㻹ǴҰɡ
лŮ¶أҪԸǲŵȤϷŲǿ㣬ҪǾƲԳԷƣٺ٣˵ϷҲֻǿˣҼǽ첻Ӧеز飬ƺûġ
Ѧˮ賹׾ˣȻرҶС죬֪ҶСһֱڰбһ·֪ٴζΪŷ׻Ͼһˣܵһἰʱô
뵽ǻԱļңԱӵʵۣҶСֻһͨˣܸȥĽͣζܴƸģʱ
Ա龰һЦ˵ЩʲôŷҶ¼Ķ˼䡣Ա΢΢Ѧˮһ۵СӣϸµĴɲҪƲԳԷƣ
Ա˵ձ첽˷䣬ԸļҶҿסǡ
ԱһߣһҶ£ĶĲˣϵģҪۣյոʱڰɣ
ҶͷСĲ̫񡭡ʲôʲô˾Ĳ죬СҲ󶮡
ԱȻͣסŲʲô˾̰ʹ˾
ҶæԶԶԣ˾ү֪
Աɫ΢΢һ䣬ôţô֪ܲĹٸֻãʲôʱʸʹ˾ϹϵˣʡôͻȻԱˣҲݸأֱҵһССͷϣ
ҶСŶȣŲյϵŮ˵ͼһ󼱴ٵĽŲŤͷһͼһӹԱ첽˽Ȼû̽˽
ҶС˿ڲ裬ݵţҲ̵ָָֻص
ԱⱾѹƼҶСɣæǷƨڶˣ·ҶСǴ˼ƵģʵǱر֪ϲݹ٣кμ̣
ԱҲǵطһʿǰ˵ϻһСС۱ôǰƷ٣ͬĹ̰ʹ˾ĲٺĲȻͬն
ҶСһصү
ԱϽǷǷܳصҵϲ˳ƺϲһƱͺá
ҶСͷЦƱҶҶС죬̰ʹ˾Ȳ졣ӣ⼸ûʲô߾ﰡ
ԱﻹûҶС쾿Ǹʲôһ⻰һæصûûʲô˾ɣ֪ϲ£
ҶСһۣЩ£Ҳʵģ
ԱϽӦǣçײˡ
ҶСŶȳһ£ƱţǴʲô˼һźӵСˣֻǼ˴Ǵ·һҪϱ١
ҶС˸ƣ̾˿̰ʹ˾ѾȫԱָˣҶĳأող֪ͨ˱ãһŮСˣǼҪһ˷
絶һŻƱ۾ɭȻ˭ǣ֪鲻Ҫɱͷģ
Աķ͵һľսʵ⡭ôһСˣôô
ҶСٺһЦؿı˵󲻴󣿡
󣡴󣡡
Աһ˫۾͹˳ͷСƵģапࣺѹֵطο˵һλСӣһѵӡ
ҵǺˣԭıˣıߵļҾ죬ıӴȥ곯͢ոƽʮἵңĪС˺ʮʲôϵ
Ա˼ţҶСȴһںȸ˲ˮӸˣ˳֪㣬ҵøϽ·ˣ׮¶ŵúܣʹԶ죬͵ţǹ˱֮ڻץˣǿҪӵġ
Աں£һҪߣɰ˿æϲ࣬ϲࡣϲҲһСС˼ɾ⣬ϲЦɣ·Ϻȿڲˮ
Ա˵ţʹһصСԪҶССҶСԪԥص²װɣҶĳûƱƷأ
ԱͷصӦõģӦõģҪϲܱ࣬õطƽҲ̫ܰƽ˲ǡ
ƼҶСµԪƺƵģԱҧһҧһСԪݹȥϲ࣬ˡ
ҶС컻һЦģǺǣȻҶĳȴ֮ˣҶĳ͸ǣ£Ա㻹ҪĲźáǣˡ
ԱҶС͵ſڶͷؿԶȥȻһĶͷɥɻˣôһţǺã

ԱڴﲻȥΪǷ˶ͣϺĴһֻķ겻ѲȦ
ܼҼܽԱϳȥʵˣ
ܼҿ϶صͷԱ˺һƨȦΣŬع˹ӣķҲӣųس˿ڴ
ܼԥһ£ʵүȻСʮἵˣβλأ˵Ǵһ
ٺ٣һİɣ
ԱԱһ˫̶ۣɸֵص˵ǿ˾ˣ֪˾ϻжڣһҰ˽ȥ϶һ˵ʮἵͬɢҲƶѽѡ
˵ʮȻˣಿȴɽȻҲκβãǶԸ˹ٸѵԸңһҰǼҾ͹ٸ´ȥҵס𣿡
Ա˵ؼСС۾һıӵ߾ͺãٸץˣǾ·һ˵·Щ˷ЩӰ˵¶˳ˣʮἵҲҡ
˶ûᵽɱڣɱ²ÿ˶õģοЩһĵطƽ޹ʵԼմοһɱˣ֪Щ˱˵İѱ˵ʲôʱǸ
Ա̾˿ԸܼҵʰװҪȥ̽ס
ܼƶصүǼ𣿡
Աһţŭغȵȥ׼ͷ
£ѦˮǣС֣Ťת֦Ҫȵ֫һɥ֮ȮȥԱҵĹ£÷·ϪˮƵɻ
ΪϴԱ⣬Աһŭ֮¡뿪Ȼ̫ܣΪʲô
ѦˮϾԭȻǵϤӰǵÿÿʱ򣬸ůϣޱӰѦˮʱ¡


22 Ůɲ
ҶС߳ӰѸģˮ֮Сˮ軶ϲĶҪըˣֻΪڿԼһ̣ĵЦеȴ
ЦңȸԾҶС˹ȥ̫С׳˼ôӵĸ飬ҲҶСΪʲôҪʧôãڿֻ֣ĵĻϲ
ϲҶС죬ҶС˳Ʊſ˫ۣһȻ˹ȥһȻؽס㽫ң§ҶСĲӣ۵Ķǻϲ
磬ȥ˰Ժױö໵۸أ֪֪˵ңңͻȻʵС磬زߵ˰ɣ
ͬĵ˫Ŀ⣬ҶСҡҡͷػشβˣһᱣ㣬ֱȡ澭ġңϾĳŵһڣЦ
Ѧˮ迴ȵӣĵе֪ܰԼôҶС죬ȴֲܲȥָ̧Ϊޱߵķ˿ͷӭϣ紵ѣޱӯ
ҶСע΢߶˵գЦЦû뵽ȻһɮⰡ
Ѧˮ赱Ȼ˼˼شͷӨĶЩ죬һ˿ˡ
ңЦ§ҶСĲӵСʥأдʥүڣʲôħֶ¡
ҶСĿԽ۵ļעѦˮĵϣ˵ɲʥֻ֣֡
ѦˮһĻֶɮ⣬ֻ벻ԣ
ҶСȵĿ⣬Ȼĵһֻֿţֱ衢ʱĿ־壬ֻֿųĻŻţһִδйĸо
Щ£ԼӲġ

ҶСûڴڶ̫ãȻסǸûʲôڴڶ̫ñ˷һ𣬺˵ֻᷢʲô仯ѦˮĸŮܵ˴һƬС
ҰݼɢľϢȻˮȴˮ
鶯Ĵ۾׷ſ޴һֻֻµؿСֱ׾ҪץסֻСֿʱط䵽Ļ֦ϡ
ҶСվҰУЦ΢΢ؿѦˮ裬ֱȫصͷȥŵл˵ô
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Ѧˮͷ½ǣִٵصҡҸǸ¡ģǹС㲻ңǡСߵˡ
ҶС΢΢۾һһٵصҲ˵㻹û޹ˣҥŮ
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Ѧˮ΢΢ſС죬ɵɵʵ㡭㲻
ҶСЦصΪʲôҪ
ҶСʱ֪ж࿪ģˮȻǴ֮˵ҶС챾һ㣬ϾˣէȻ˵֮ϲѽүҪҪ˼ôãһ᲻˼ġ
Ѧˮ鶯£ǿδģ
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ҶСüЦδδƨδͲǷ˵Բԣ
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ҶСɲں֮ϲʱʧȥ˶ĹġȷʵǸ֪ĸʯͷͻȻĳδ򵱳һв
ܽҴѦˮ࣬ǰ˵˳
ĸױСС޼׾ͬáСĸ׷ҵ䣬СΪ˰ĸףȸ檣ΪչҲҡ
СĴתֱ£˲Ի˼磬ֻŮˮ£С㡣СǰţСʵϢھʧȥʼն֪
С֮ˮһֱΪǸɰС֮йأҲǡǡңһֱ԰ȫҪԭ򣺡˲һٶ̫ĿŵЩ
ǵҥ뿪־Ϳ޼ɵˡˮؿһ㣬ҶСԱ뿪ݷΧ
һʼͲҶС⣬һŮֻҪ̫ٶۣôܿ
ҶСڰΨһԭ򣬵˵ԼݣҶС֪зҺ᲻˶ȥԾðС㡣ȵ˵ʱѾΪǰҶСãЩˡ
ҥҥһʱʧȥĸףһֱƣҥʧԱ¶ݡ֮Ͳ˵̫ˣҶСѾȫ
ˮ˵Ǹϵݳǣ֪˻ݳǾͨϱʱҶС˵࣬ڻݷַؼ磬ҲǰӲҶСйʲôŵԭ
ˮȻ˵Ĺʱ̲סתᣬȻһ˿ھΣȻҶС죬ֻҶС쿴һ̵飬ҶС˿˽Ѿȫ˵ͨˡ
ԲҶ磬ƭ㣬ʵңңݹϵش󣬶¹Сڡ޹ϵһ֪˵ɱ֮ԭҡ
ˮᣬתӣҶСҶ磬һ·ѾףԼǸزġҲˣҡңһع磬ô
ˮЩġЩڴؿҶС죬֪ҶСϲһصĸߣпܾͱ޸ףҶСпܲӦ
ζҪȥΪĹ磬ˣҥһҪڵģ㲻ΪԼҲҪҥȥ
ˮϣĿ⿴ҶС죬֪ԼûʸҪҶСʲôĿӣĿϲһֶôǿ
ҶСĬã˵ͷ˵ãȥ
ѦˮȻɴ۾˵Ļϲ⻶ϲʻոţͻȻסˣΪҶС˵һ䣺ȥһߣĸԸߣ
ѦˮͷصҶ磬˼ĴСͶףҼұͬ磬ͬС㸸׸£Сĸ׷±ңһ˾Ȼ˹硣
ҶСĹǮô
Ѧˮ豻Ծ˼άŪһ㶣ȻûУҶǮʲô
ҶСһǮˣ׾ͻ֡ļˣȴѰݡһͶ̫࣬ˡұϻ쵰ӾƭΪһ·ѪҲˡҲˣĸԸ㽻һˣ㵱ʥˣ
Ѧˮ㶵ؿ
ҶСҲøκˣǸɿʱСƨ𣬲źֽƬд˵ôҶСˮ¥̨ʲô
ҡҲ˵ˡ
ѦˮĻŻŵתߣҶС΢΢۾ıӰ˻ȭͷһҪƤô򡢲ֶΣ޳ܣֱŮˣҪƤңһɹģ


23 Ŀ꣺
֪ʶԨ£һпĴ帾԰ѦˮĻʡʫСŮƭת
ĻȡȴһҪȥѪѣʱǰڵľͽѵҲոõʱЩɬܿܰԼĶõĵӦ֡
ҶСдǰﴫڵеọ֮́ǰˮһ·׶ˡȻ⺷ΰϲĵطһ˳£ԶŮ˷ҲǸҪԭ
ҶСÿһȰٺˮȻѰȥ̼֣ӲԱڶĶţרҼ֧С̶϶еĶ飬֧γ໥Լ
ҶСûзɺ͵ԼĵطһЩ˵ԿԱӵʲô̶ȣ֧ͬĶһ𣬲ſ޶ȵر̵֤ĵɱֵ뷨ɵԼ
ͬʱҶСҲһͬеıŮɲΪּʼĽˮ¥̨ƻ
ҶСĺܳԶѦˮ費ֻܿΣýȻĶװٻС㣬ʫ顣ҶС첻ϣԼĺԼһײ㣬һΪһͱߵС
Ҫı䴦Ψжѧһ;벻ϯģˮ衪λԱɼŮ׵ѧ飬ԿǸܺõʦ
ֻҪ׷ӡεϯʦͶ뱸ˣҶСܲȫԸ
ԽϷߣ·ԽУ;ĳҲԽ٣ͬ·Ҳˡ̼ıĵط˭ȥأǭعȻǶƫƶĵط·ȴͨǭصĽݾ
һҶС˾˾ҶСǲͬð·ģǰȥ٣ҲççȺɽ֮УЩ಻˽ӴðǰС
¹ͣɴǰǭ·һ·ԶЩҪȺɽ֮У·;ƽҲ԰ȫһ·ҪȺɽдУȻ֮·;ǳҵ·С
ҶСס죬ûеȵһ֧ȥݵ̶ӣҶСȥ̽һȦʧߣȻжӣɱ˻ڵӭС
һжʮˣ߶Ÿͷÿӵᳵǰһᳵ񣬳жһλˣһᳵǵûŮ졣
ҶСһæӭǰȥһλոʿСѯʵλ磬ҪĶȥѽ
ʿ¶һۣʵʲô
ʱ˱հᳵϵλ˵Ťͷһϵ⼸ϵǰǭ̶ӵҶС죬ȥȥȥȥ̶ȥǹټҶ飬Ҳܴŵģ߿
λ˵ҶСһۣʵ㣬Ҫȥأ
ҶСһλ˱곤˼̬꣬ȴʮˣüͷ˵ʱҲţ·׻ǧ˥лصδȫƵģһģ
ҶСϽǰǣλӣСЯǰأκ·УˣûҵԽͬеĶ飬֪ȥģ
ҶСʵˮޣˮһһֱò޿κ֮£һ·ʼˡ
ϰԵüͷһ׵ȥģһ籾پҪ̣һɡ
ҶСһԳƱ٣֪λȥεĹԱһ·ͬȻȫޱȣϲ֮£æҪǮ˵˺ûлˣլʺĳǰ;
֣ٲȥ˱ҶСһۣ첽׷ȥ׷ʱ˱һƣվһͷתȥ

ڶһ磬ҶСʹѦˮңϵ˱ſڣԼʱ˸Ŵ󿪣λǰεԱһ߳˱ಽظλе
ҶС죬в޶ǿѦˮʱĿ΢΢һεŮӱͲ̫ƧǶһݶȻ˴֮С
˱ϹϾذһֱ͵ڣŽԶеĶУҶСһػϣҡͷЦԼˣ춼Ȳ㰡
ǿѦˮǸŮҥǸСӣһʱĴ󷢣˳ӡ
м䣬Ȼ˯̫磬ءҶСѦˮϥӲĿ϶ˮϸСֱҶСץס鶼鲻ȥ
ҶСϸˮƣһɷǵģСָһ㣬ȱѽ
ˮʱ֣ߵ֪Ҫ˵˵
ҶСˣô˵Ǻ˵˵أҸؿϽˣѧһ¡Ҫ㱨ٸһ㣿
ˮһڣŹ֣ͻ˵
ҶС˰ˣҵĻ㲻ţʥ˵Ļܸɡ
ˮȻʥ˵ʲôˣ
ҶСƤЦصʥԻУޡ߶Ȣ֮㿴ʥ˵Ķе
ˮֺֺЦ޺޵صһۣŤͷȥɽо£ѲǵһҶСԷˣö֮Ȼһʼ˵ʱܲϰء
ʵˮСȻڻģǴδǿȹʲôԭƼˮ꣬ǭν屡죬ѦˮĻм˵ķ軰ȻҲ޷
ҶСЦ˵ĻҲôֻ˵ˣ̧ͷҺúø㿴ࡣ
ҶС˵ǰһƥȻת˵Сֵܣү룬˵˵
ҶС˿ˣȻţ첽ϵǰ߳ϡ
һ·ѾǸа㣬ȥǰصεʷġ˵ʷʵǲƷ£С٣ʷƹܼʵȨʵС
ڴƹ涨ةְλòȱʱְɵʷΣةƷĹԱԵʷȻȴҲҪʷѡʵǩڡ͢١
Ȼô˵ɵʷϾǲС٣Գ͢Ƶûôϸһ˵طһѡ͢ٻᲵأʹ
λʷԭԭĳصһλةΪյ׸žŴ˵Ŀɷʱ˰ųɶ٣Աᵽ˺ʷ
ԭ˾ϽأոոСأΧƾ˾٣ڴΪΪףҲѹְʷһˡ
Ϊ˵ƫƧط˰ʷûЯŮ죬ֻ˼ˣеЩ󺺶ĺӣ·ġ
ʷͷ·ԶУѡǱȽƫƧеɽ·ǹе־ǿ׳󺺣Ҳû˿Ӳͷ
һ·£ʷįģȻҶСһˣĶ˼ԸԼ˵
ҶС죬յĿҶСǸˮġСӡǹ٣ȻɳǿŮ˻СǣֻҪԼһ¶ǻϸźݣʲôأ


24 ·н
ʷҶСܿҲڳˣѯ˼䣬ҶСϹ˼䣬ʷ̸£ǸˣɻΧô
ҶС칰ֵСֻ֪һ
ʷ΢Цǫѷһ̡
᫵ɽ·ϵʷõһʯ̡ҶСױʱĥЩ߹вΧģҶС컹ű鴩ɿʱ򣬾ѾЩԱǸդΧˡ
Ҫ˵ҶСջʵĺܡһ·ö˼ҵģҪ˼ұӻȫܲܽ˼ҲɣҶС쿪ʼˮ
һζʱҶС콣ƫ棬ʤڶ̰ʷϤķ˽ţڳðʷһҶСٴȡʤͿʼˮˡ
ĽλϽºڰöӣҶСһʤģһӣʷ漴һӣ˱
̣ҶСѵȻ޴棬ʮ֣ʷռϷ磬ҶСȴæгʷһԵӣҶСȫ·硣
ҶСһͻȻһӣʱֻŪðʹŲѣ˼βŻʦԭһöƮķӣɱؽضҶС
ʮ֣ҶСһڳ̾˿ü䡣µһۣҶС·磬ȴ㷴̣䣬ʷⲻѡ
ҶСЦոС屾Ұ·ӣʹܻˣһϤС磬СһĪչ
ʷЦ΢ҶС죬űٰ
ҶСһʸڷϣСãʵǴ˸˵һ룬ʷЦЦҶСʱסڡ
ʷ˹ʰӶȻ֪ңӮˣǺܿĵġ
ҶСٺһЦ
ʷˡ²ΪӮֻΪⷬ˼Ҳ̹һʼͷˮһֱˬʵôᣬͷ࣬ô£ôͲϲˡ
ǣһʼȫԸȴңҵĺʤģһãˮʱҲȡʤһѵõʤȻáʶĻϲʶģҲΪøУ˵Բԣ
ҶСĵԸ񣬲ҵģöΪԼܶģҿڳ˾ĺ˻߳
ȴһ߲̿֡ѵģﲻֹʷڰ֣֪ܲʶȤֻˣ˼ܡֶθǿֵõ
ҶСһϲݵࡣ

ʷĵصٴȥأٲҪˣܻ飬Ը⣬ڱ°ɡٴظΣЯҾ죬Ҫиϸ߰Ŵһвźá
ҶСĵԭֻ㿪ľǣû뵽⣬Ǻ۹⣬ϧˮѾڶϱ⣬ŶûС
ȴһϲģᣬɫҲĿδףҪȱ̺򡭡
ؿǷĵЦˣСӣĺܻ飬۹⡣
ˬʵһЦãȻˣ㵹ڸˣҵԺű٣㣡
ҶСǳϻ̳Ͽһлȴ룺ȻŪɫ·Ǹ³ȥ˺أСүƨɾߣˣܲҪˣ
һ˫ĹϵʼİʷЩҲ֪ҶСܿҪΪʷ˵ı˴ˣԶ˵̬ҲӺ
ɬУԵ·ԵʮҺǴʳżԷɽ񾭹Ƽһ·ͬ죬ҲܿǽӴ
һеһɽ꣬¿һʯϼأֻһ·ˣ鶼˷ţңȻС磬˼Ҫ򡣡
ҶС³԰ʷһλţҴңңȥһ£ϸ
Ϊ˴ضʯʱһˮԳߵ÷ǳпЩ׾׷ϣԲͣµȺ԰ʷĳӲδЪ£Ǿֱǰɽڡ
ˮҲ³ǣң֣һ·ߣһС˵ңң뷽ʱǲԴ˵ģ䲻Զ˵֪ǰҽ̹ģôˡ
ңصСɲˡ
ˮҲУǴҹ㣬Ҫеҹӣڲѧأ˻ᱻȡЦġԺɲˣûС
ңСƵľͣӦһŶ
ҶСںߣ˽̸ȻʧЦ
ɽﶼԲĶʯޱΣһֱߵ·һӲݴСɽعϣԼ߳ʮ룬ҵһɹڱεڡ
ҶСڲݴ˳һط˵ұģȷû֮߳Ķ֮󣬲ŶˮԱߵ㡣
ҶСֿݴ߳ȥʱɽжδͣѾ߳һ֮أҶСվɽңңȥȻһĿĹâӹ۾̵΢΢һۣٶʱȴȫ޷֡
ҶСûеҲûдȻ֪ڲݴеһ⡣һۻеĶ飬Ĳݵһɣ˫Ժһ棬˶ȡ
տ˼£˼£Žǰ֦ԶƣһּԶĸоڱ޷ķ羰ľ£ƺ˵ҲԶ
Ժ棬ңȻףж
ҶС͸һԹľһ⻰ڵһѾͷôˣ
ʱѦˮ辪ֵҲԺ󡭡ȷʵж
𶯣С߳档ҶС˳ּһС۴ֵ֦ɿشľңѾϵСȹӣսսˮ軳СҶС쾯ʵʲ
û˵꣬ͶȻסΪҲһͳǰԺǵͳһ㺹ëֱ
ҶС켱ˮƣʾң漴֦߬ŵزľСشľԣȻԶмֻҰΧһôת
ҶСһĪǣ
ǰǼֻһĶͱͨĹҪСһЩȺҪһЩëػƣԷͨĹһǼģҶСĵ⾿ʲôĪҰ
ҶСµõҲͷΧǿôתļֻҰ޵ȷǹǲ򹷣иֽвǣȻͱǺ͹ҪСһЩȴȲԭϵǻҪײһЩ
ҺҶС˴·ڣǼֻרעϵûᵽǵζҲûзǣֻ¾ҪǸˡ
һֻҶСʶˡֻཱུӣ̶̵βͣͨɺڰɫɣܣȴûܵ׺ݣֺ̬Ŀɰ
ڼƥǵĵͺУ׾ʸһЩŤͷһͼһԲԲĴԴԲϺȦΣ֮УҲһ̬


25 Ѫ
ſϵֻԹй̫֣׺Ƥáʳޡܡèܵȵȣжʮ֣Ϊ֪ͨõΪè
ֻèͷֻҶСע⵽ϱϻһֻһ㳤СèֻСܱ辣ȻӤƵĽл
÷ʴֺƨɣУøȵèǡޡһУӤ۵ĽԲ󣬲ϸֱĻȴӤлĶһģһ
ʱҶСע⵽ֻè֫Ѿˣֻǲ֪⼸ֻǲǴǰ޽֡νûܲסȺǣҶС쿴ܺӣѾˣҪ׶༪١ҶСţֱۺȻһ£ҶС񴥵ƵľŤͷһȴѦˮңߡһԶΣˮңʱɴ۾
ʱֻΧתĲǿʼ͵ط˽ǿתȦԽԽȻһֻһֻԾ𡢶ˡſѩڣֻèķƨɡ
ǿߣҲ֣мθ߸ԾĲǣƺֻè̶̵βͣңȻûнг߬ҶССֺʪĺˮȴ͸еĽš
Ѧˮ辪ֵסͣһ˫˵ôģ뵡ǰһȺǣΧһֻʶĸ޺СޣǴƴάСްȫĸϣƺԼͨĳᡣ
ңèֶһȵʣֻһۣľȫվֻèһߡ
ҡΣֻèܵΣգŲţǿҲӴ˰ڶķȣèϣĸ˼ƺ˵ľ֡
èٶˣͣסŤͷֻȦǳüչƵ˻ļֻǣֻͷϵСèͻȻſȱסɵֻǰצֵȥ

ң鲻ԽһϾͱѦˮסèֵӳص׹ڵ棬èſϣĸ׷һУӤһޡ
ڴè׹µɲǣֻǾһ׹أֻǾһӵϣҵĹ
ǵ˷ҶС˴۽ǣֻԲɰ׾ٻèҲʾҲ쳣
ȴȳȥܰһֻسɳһɶԶƼצҲ쳣һֻǸºݺһֻ֮ǰ඼˳
ǲǸݣ࣬è룬֧穣·硭

ͬʱոչչɽǵİʷҲܵ˹Ǳɽڵ˾һȺΧһֻè͵ط׺Ĺ
ǵĶո߳ɽڣǰ·ͻȻһ֦ҶïĴصڵ·ǰ޴ڵϣ֦Ҷͻҳɽ
ڳеİʷȻһʿ͵Ϯ
δ䣬֦зǲǼһ˸ǹ֦ǹХ
ͰʷԱӦν죬ڴ㵹ɲǣǾѼɿԾ䡢ȡµսΪڻȦʷĳӣγһԱԲ
ǵصǹǵļƻһٴƣЩǹ˹Ͷģ˻أ֦͵
ֻƣһ˿ԿƼʮǹĿϵһһǹԱȻǿȥ
лûмˣȴм֦ǹһܲ͸ǹ꣬񱻴ŭȺ˵һ򰬵ʷĶֹȥ
УͷݵĲֻΪάĺȻɵè跢ĽǴ˷ԾӰ·ŨǦһ硣
èֱ׾Ȼ˴վӦĬĲǣŲһ˿־ĺ𡢷ɶݣǵצèĸ׵ϻһƤë˺ҧһѪ⡣
ɽ£ֻͼͼԱİʷһҲֻβܼ˵ĴèһҵĹ¹˴ʧˣƬ̽棬塣
һʿһ˼ǹУ˶ϵɳȥ
һոʿһһǹᴩǹ͸մѪǹʿմϲһѪۡ
һȻأǹʿ塣
ͻȻ͵ϮĹһ֧ѵصľֿͬοЩҶԺһʿЩǹµĹᴩľڣԶƤס
ڶ
ʿǽӶǹصͬʱܵյĵʷ˸ңʮͶǹȥģֻέϯ赲סǹ롣
ʷʵڵһʱͷӦǸǹµһɨգһ䣬ǰ͵һܣͼԾ³ȥһ˸ǹѺХһֽĵӣ̴έϯ塣
ԽԽǹǵХк˴˳ϣʷǵһģĿ
ǹͶ䣬һҹХᴩʱ򷢳һˮصġۡһ߾ʬӶشÿһʬȻһϵǹ
һǹգյǹڶʯĵϣĻڵʱ򣬶ʮ棬ѩֵĺӾͻɽг˳
û˵ҲûкšɱǡĻ׳ɫôŷĵɱһ˫˫ЬЬ̤Щ⻬Ķʯɡ
ɽУֻè֧穣Ѿ޷мƥǵĹŭرһȻ֫ŵأͷǰͳȥԶȲ׳˶ģӭһͷӲײɳȥѪܵһͷײ˹ľ֡
ͷǲʵһϵֻèϵѡͷԸǶӵĳè׷ȥ
èһµĶڳײĽײˣԲ㹻֬ƤëĴԴ˵Ҳ⡣ͷܲ˵ضŹľһ̹Ƶĺֱײ
ͽСݣèֶβܰ׷һֵط޷γɺκβƤĴèлӳ졣
ɽ°ʷ˾ͲֻèôˣǹĹУһ⣬ֻмͶǹ»ҵѱˣһϢ
гȺ˶˵εͿĻţҪһƬ̹Ϳвһ㣬е˶ˡ
һģ˴һɫװͷһɫͷףֻ¶һ˫Ĵֵۣվһʯϣע˶֣ȵǽˣԵѼһЩһ°ɱ˵ļ󣬱Ѵһӣȵ
ʼղ˵һ仰һ£Ϸɱأ׷ӰХХȥͬһѸʧڴ֮С


26 ٺ
ۿֻ׷ֻèֲܽҶС찵˿æˮǿߣ
С磡Ͼͱңסˣ˫ˮƵĴ۾ſڻһеصС磬ֻСܱÿѽ
ҶСŤͷ˿ֻСèſϣֵؿŵ棬ŲһԲӣĸߵķл˼Ͽһֲҵӡ
ҶСһԥİɣġ
ңС죬۾Ҫ豻ɱأҪ·أҪбĴǷأҪ費Լ²أ
ҶС۷ֱСƨŶôҪǣ
̧ͷ˿Ѧˮ裬ϣܰԼ˵䣬Ѧˮ۾￴һǶֻСܱͬϧСèɰģһŮĸĵġ
ãǡǴɡ
һңҶСЩԲοټһѦˮ裬ҶСӲͷƤ嵽£ֻèƵģ׾
Сè˵ȴСҲᣬҶС챾˭֪һʧ־ȻˤңһϽܹȥȴСèӵҡҡԿǣȻ¡
ҶСͼңС֣ӵСƤëСЦСһÿɰС磬òã
ҶСһܣһСܱȻɰǿֻèǲӣҲǺҰޣҶСϽСҧ㡣
Сè֪ǰ˲ẦĶˣңʱȻѱңָңʱӤƵҪס
ֻֻẹ̀ȴңС٣ңﱧöҶСǼֻǻæСܣңǿߣʲô߱˵
ҶС챧Сܣˮ豧ңææɽ£ɽڸȥǿ쵽ɽڵʱǰͻȻһֲľһоͷ·˼
ˮ衰һУæסң۾ҶСɫص·ȥ죡
ҶС˵·ߣһԹľ¶£ҶССèһţˮţȥ
ҶСɽţľɽʯΪڻĿ·ڣ·ڵĲ״ʱһһӣʱҲɫĿֱ
ɱˣֻǲпڡ£ͻеɱˣûмֲľҶСվǶֻֽűͷƤ쬵ġ
ǰһƬǽ壬ݵѪŤʬ塢ǹĳ񱻰ϴٹһңĴֺͻҰɫĶʯı£ԵĿġ
ҶСϸ۲ãȷ׵ȥһߵ޳УۿܵĲ״㶳ѦˮԶԶؿţҶСֱͦͦվɽڣΧ޶߹
µΣͷԼǰһߣֻСèȴҲ֫ŵأԹԵظ˹Ѧˮɫ԰ףЩǿọ̀
ڳϣϲǹֻƵİʷѦˮ費̵رͷȥȻʷĺˣȻ³үǲ۾
ҶСһۣĵˣǰʷϣϻ˰ɣֻʦδ⹷ղˣƫȻҲ洵ˡ
ʷҶСҲٰն͸¶Ѧˮ֪зǳ̿֡Ȼһ·˵ϵطɽˮ⺷˺У˵飬˭Ϲ
ҶСһ·ҲЩ˷ܵطƤټϼûʲôСưԵĵϲƣͷһؿѪܵĳ棬ıסˡ
ǵߣҶСͷضѦˮ˵زɾسֻһ·ˣǲŻᰲȫ
Ѧˮ迴صʬʬ̵صҶ磬ʹ뿪ѵڲ𣿡
ҶСȵѴ±ع֪Ի
Ѧˮһ·̣մʱҲˣֻµ˽ǵʬҪҰˣͬ·һ·϶չˣʹȥʵİ
ҶС첻ΪȻصȰΪ
ѦˮȻˣ
ҶСͷصʬ壬סôʬ壬ôĵʲôʱ򰡡

ҶСѡһطǱ꼾ɽˮˢ๵ֻҪʬϽȥµסʬܴ󹦸ɡ
ҶСһ߾ʬϽ๵۳һ󺹡ûˮ趯֣Ҳˮǰֻʤޣæôûչˡ
ҶСǺɽУԼһ߾ʬϽ๵ͷ󺹵£µһǳǳհʬסҶСһ£æ˳ɽ»ȥҾдʣ
λ֣ǲɽС첻ʬҰǣȰѸλڴˣٸٺΪǲٰ¡
ֻǸλǵ֮ȫôСȴһרǻšһܳԵСѾͷƬҪŶˣڻһֻһܴСܡ
ͷٸǵʬȥЩٲҪ͸Ұɣȼе֮ԭ£ӷϵ۱ӣ
ҶСѶѾõo˳ھд̵λҲŹ漴ֱ׳
ҶСһѹΣֵǮĶԼﴧŪûйĹҵģźʹƵ¡
ʬȫˣֶЩʯͷȥñҰҰٿŷ·СȥѰˮ
ˮйĹĵģ΢Ҷ˶ŹˮҲǵѧһ·ģȫҶС쵽ޣ˲ûҶСľٶûʲô飬ȨЩ˵ĳͰɡ
ҶСǴкȶСϪϴ־棬ѦˮһϣȴֹＸ䣬ϾźܵҶСߣױƵصС磬
ð
ҶСһȪˮˣ΢ЦŶ£ңزĶͷӡͣҶСᵽǺһĨ㡣ͬڻݻ֬ŮҶе㡣
ǸδɵĻëѾͷ⺹ϵζζǱȻˮõĺˡ֣Ĩء
ҶСȻɽ¡ϪˮȪһĻвһĿˮ裬վգǰĴţɽ紵˿ۺգޡ鳡СҶʱƵ


ڶ 


01 غ÷
ҹɫݵϢҰķҷөľȥһĹߡ
ˮʯͷѳɵĻǰɻɣң°ͺؿСèζؿһ
ڰķĵˮңǿҪ£ֻСèѾʽʱͥһԱңȡһ֣ޡ
ҶСԱߣ²ؼѹγɹűźáͭǮ˸޵ע⣬ҥȥŷʱ򣬸޶˿һҶСߣץһѴǮͷŵ
±ıġԡʲôҶСԺðһ˿ֵĸоȴûȥרעǮء±ıġԡҶСȻͷͼץһѴǮڳǶǮ³³³Ҳ³㣡ҶСһ̰ԵСӣžžŸ޶Դ޺ңһǸԻһӣͷȦƵһ˫۾ȵ޹ҶС죬пտҲԶЩٹ㣡ҶСһƣֱصȥȥȥһ߶ȥ
ĸ޶ҶС˸泯죬ǵŲһߣǰҧһڣҶСһЩ˵ıӰ
ңͷˣĵص磬۸Сӣܵǰ˵ްѴǮ˳ԵֵС磬޳˴ǮɣҶС췭۶һ߼Ǯһʹļ׵õŹ֣Ѿ֪һС쵰ʲôˡʳޣ˵᲻㿴סղһھͳԵֻʼǮ
͵Ĳ϶ǴĻϼģ˳һٺܷʢ˾ǣ޾ȻԱ߼ЩиʣԵýζСһȻǸʳ
ҹˣ͸һң˯ȥͷǸޡޱԴƨ˯ڵϣңķϣСȻǳǢ
ҶСڴֱϣԶããҹɫɽӰ󣬺ܾöûжڻµˮ跭ԶԶؿ橵ߡ
ˮԲԶ£Ҷ磬£
ҶСЦûûεˣʲô£
ˮ農˵
ҶСתͷȥ˿ˡ
ĬƬ̣ҶСƽͷһԶУһ߾ôԶôãҲ֪ҵϺȺõûУ֪λô֪ɩûֱָŤ
ҶС˵ţЩɳƣȵ˺أҵûǮͷһ飬˱ƽȻǻᵣҵġ
ˮ趨ؿҶСǰƺԶһףһֹ۵飬ֱʱŷ֣ԭҲиԵһ档
ˮĬãĬĬתҶСӵķ෴һƬɽӰĵصҲˡҵϼңʵҴûȥҳʱھǣҵļ
ҶСŤͷʵʲôطﻹЩʲôˣ
ˮںӦþǺذɣ˵ǰλ˾үŵģʱﲻкأͽк롣룬ͭʣҼҾֻиĸ˫ף˵˺ܶࡣ
ҶСĿ΢΢һǡأҲסͭʣ
ˮ赱ȻҶСʵ˭˫ȣ˫ֱϥ°͸ϥϣţлл磬ԭСҸϵĹ¡Ҷү£׶µ£үҰ䣬״С㵽ңлһҵȻ˹硣
ҶСüԭһǡأ˵ںǸлļһŵʱǺѵõˮֵ֧ġ
ҶСüͷ漴չˣΣҶСôҲӽ¡˾ѵĵطˣҪôɫϸңҪô
лǰɣ
ҶС찵߬ȭͷ

죬̵˼мɫ˻崳һߡˮ˻֮䣬Ưһֻɫĺ«ΪԶ«ĺۼһЩߵ㡣
⣬Ǵӿиĺء
أ꣬ݳʹ˾ççȺɽ֮еƮ֮ϵһֻ«̤Ư
ɽ࣬Ͽ䣬᫣ȴͨˮ½;Ϊݡ磬ƽԣ򺵣ˮ񣬾ҲųơĿԷ
ǰݲǶһһֱݾͷ㡢Ĵϡʮ꣬Ԫݶʹ˾ʮһ꣬ݲʹ˾ʡ
ʵϹڴССٸ˾ͳ֮£ʹ˾ֻϵ߻䣬͢Ŀ𲽼ǿҹݵ˾ǡ
ر룬ϵ·Ҫòʮַһ֧֮ڴ˵ľӣһλ˾ү
ǰش󺵣λ˾үΪˮ֣͢ûԤλ˾ڴãί٣ʽ˳ֱ͢ӹϽ֮¡
ֻǧγɵθ֣ǽһţһӣ˳ֵģ󣬵صĺʵγ˸Ϊľ棬ȵӻҡ
۾ˮģɽȪˮϴĺƵңǣűֻͷֺԲնյĸ޶ССģ֫Ťģģεˮ裬ŴҶС죬ǧࡢʮһѣڵִ˺ء
һСӰѺطԲġ«סֳ룬СΪ磬صú;ҾסҰƽڡɽ֮£סǳڴ仧ĺ˰ա
ڷֵĺشϣҶС̾ܲһΪƶһͿأ˵ؾ˷
ȥӲϵĵ̵̯¥̼ССߵʹĵᦹҵĿ˷ٻ֯һƬ
ʱһĿбӡ¡ͦĿͼҺӰȻǰ߹׳ɽţҶС춼̲ס࿴ۡ
ʱһɫһȹҹ¨ŲӯǲУͷΣΧ죬ʮö
ææĹ·ˣζ񾲴ݵĵˣֽȻෲķΧںһ
ҶСȻĿϾӵķ֣ȻһֱǷǲеλҹһ˫ӯĳȣȻһͷ̯ǰͣ£
ҵ죡ȹӺö̰εȽԲ⻬µһ˫ȡ
ûȿˮҶСһŶҵ죡ȹ߾ȻûûȻû
ҶСԾòҧԼ⣬ǽ糤İ޶ȹ߾ȻûһԲͦȫ¶˳ҶС𺳵Ĳεô£û˵ôܡҲ̫˷绯˰ɣһҼҵġ
ǰиסߣҶСϽԱһһ߲ؿʮ壬һα֣߷߲ƽģܿıҲܿɡ
Ѧˮ迴λȻԼѴйӣһ졣Ȼδ磬ȴĸ˵£֪Сһǵ硣
һȹǶ̣ɺǶȹ硣һԹžȹӣʵһֱĶʮ;ʮſʼڿ㡣
˼ұķϰߣȻԺ̺Ѧˮ軹ΪغһŤͷȴҶСӶҪˣͷޣô⸱ԣʲôÿģ
ˮ޺޵ҶСűϲһţҶСʹһعϽΣһص˵˽ܵ飬紿ӣǺɽˮ÷ѽʲôãպҿкزŶԡ
ˮЦ԰˵
ҶСؿһۣͻȻ۷´½ƵָˮԴˣڳԴףǲǣ
ˮһ죬ҲûС
ûУûʲôߣ˵ǲǳԴˣ
ҶС첻ĵ׷ȥȻһкõɪɪߵǸϥѡεСŮҿۣͻȻ˼ҹһѣȻ󣬲˼һĻͷˡ


02 һ
Ƥ˼СϷɿһѣת뿪ȴǸСĺܣһЫƵ־ʹӿһ붼˳ȥ
û׼ƤĶɹȥŵƤһƨڵϣڶһҾӵĴϣһ죬һӣˮӿ
ǡһɫб䳤ۣͷɫͷŲ廨ͷЬͺ帾˴ŮӣŲ˿뼸ͬеĸ˵Ц߹ǾˮȻʱһͷһ
긾ݵ۾ͬеĸϴСƹǸ庺ӣۼͱƣ޷޵سҪͶŮۡ
ŮӳָڵϵƤһִּܺɿ֪ˣСﻹû꣬ͳǰȥһ˫ĴȲͷ
Ůñһǡɴ˾ļҺӵʱȻŭƤΧǡôʱƹżƳ˫ڡɫƣûжϣ
ǼҺֻƤͬҪŮ鷳º飬ǾӵƹͻҲ鱩ҵĺӣɫ˿á
λ˵ļ˼ֵľǼһλ˫Ǳ긾Χ£ǼʶλһϾתҵսҲ֪Ǿϰ⳥Ůۡ
ʱѾһƬң˫֣ʲôһʱͷ˷˳ûڵϼʰ˻æ߱ܣйֵ˿˶֣ϲԵɵȭ
ǼȺûͱս˫˼ȭ⼸ҲƲ¶˵ϻȭʹ˫սս
Ľб˻ҵսЩƷﱻ𻵻ĵƹưոݣŴȣŻǼսţҲһֻŹйߡ
һ¥̽¥һۣ˷ܵػͷƬ̹򣬾ܳŶ¥˸߲ҵؿ֣һ˻һŲһֶŲ豭
ⶼʲôţ
ҶС˼ĵڶ֪˭һֻЬӵ˿У˱ϣ˴ŭеĲݺݵȥ
Ҳ̫⺷˰ɣ
򾩳ҶС棬ۿⳡΪƨѪզ಻ѣҵ죬⾿Ǹʲôط
ԱһҰҩĺӶڵϣһؼʰűҵĲҩһЦضСֵܣİɣõģҲͺˡҪҩЩӴ
һҴܹĺһŲҰҩĺϣҰҩĺӴһ㹷յĳ۾һˣ㽫˵ڵأŤ
ҶС쾪˵ز˾ǿߣңҪתߣȻǸһͷĸ˱۾˫֣ȭŷԵ쳣Σա
Ǽ߯ҲͿЩһʼҲû뵽ⳡսҵ˵زԾûһһֶң͸˲ˡ
һʼӣ˳ɢּʵգŵ֮زز˹˲ˡҶСһԥһȥסﲻҪţߣ
ҶС챳ϱŴֱңֲ긾ˣű߶ӣˮҲ˲ֻ޶ˣ޵ǹɣ󣬾ûʧ
ҶСӳսģ·ڴڴһ̧ͷͼʮ²ñۻŰҶСϲæſ긾ˣүǿǰŹ
ʮɢɢţһ⻰ͷǰһϵԲ۾ᡱһߣٻغȵʲô˾ҵֶŹұΰ
˴ǸͷʮۼشֿһʱƨҲһϵתΣտҲǰһָеǲҪߣܲһȣ
˵䣬ͷһ۷ҲƵܵòӰˣҶСĿɿڴվǶ˵
긾з۾ҶСı۰򣬶˵Сӣллѽֵطٸָϵģ۾ģ鷳һؼϴһ¡
ŶŶŶҶСѹµؿһɱֳλ˼뿪ˡ

ϸرҶС˼ңļһµСԺȻȴšǽߣͼľŴԺӽˮ©ϸ̹
שСͷǽȹ仨񴰣СԺᶼ͸һŨŨĽζȻԼڹݴɽΪǵ˽ˮ硣
ϸֻ۾ϴúͨͨģһëһͬҶС˵ŻҶСҲҶСֶǱءĹٻ˵úܺðǸհᵽģ
ҶЦϾˣӦ츮ġҿɲǲŰģˣҶҴӺˡСӣǶ
Ҷڶ£Цеص꣬󽫾ʽʮү֮ԶƹɨԪӣҶҺ޵޼ҵھս
֮󣬺үʮЯҾأǼҾˡ˵Ƕٶǰˣͺ˴Ӳͨ飬һû䡣
￴ѦˮһۣЦеصϱģϱÿ濡Сӣиѽ
Ѧˮϸ˿磺ӣϱϧСı˸һ·ѲֻһαˣŪеˡһᣬЩΪ顣
ҶСصãҾʲôӪİ
Ҷϰ͹ˣֻһߣǶǱѲ죬ȻֻǸ̶֥ĹٶҲˣԼҾ㲻
ҶС΢΢һѲ٣ǿǾƷ٣Ʒٰ𿴹ٶСֵطҲͷĴˣû뵽Լ֮оһλٵ
ҶСǺñ°ֵطһѲٿǱȾһλƷԱء
ҶˣҼѲ٣汲ģı¡
ҶС⻰ֶÿɲԡϴĹپͽû£ѵǵô˹٣ƾԼٴͷƴ˭ڣвҲȥսɳݹҵ
˵ˣиõȻһгϢҲиõǾһûϢݼ̹⡢࣬ôܴĽϮô
ὫϮٻݽϮָ£ݽʮʱͼ̳Ĺְ˵Ʒ佫ˣ˭˵ǿӣԼû汾£
ҶС͸˷ƵģѸҶ˵üЦҶ½վЦСڶţúԺͷɣȥһ纰úллλˡ
ˮȵ˺أˣǹƼںضͣһ⻰ĳ˳ҶС½ҶСվЩС£̫ˡ۾ţúЪϢһ°ɡҪȥãͲ߶ˡ


03 
ҶҶС˵ͺıֶӷǳ飬κҶСִҪߡ
ҶʱۺףȷҲҪϢǡڴʱЩֻҶɢĸҲѰҶʾοʡģҶҲС죬԰ͳԺӣָõķŻȥ
ҶСˮңһ·ǰУչһ֣ǰߴͬǰһֺȻǷǳսֳֻʱߵֵһˣ˿ȴһˡ
ϵĻսѾˣΪ̫ңƲûʤһҶС쿴ЩͷѪְͬ˽ŵ̧ߣҲѪ«ƵԴԼȥҩץҩЩѾжŰ塢֧ܣųߺĻӲʲô
ҶС龰档Ȼҩĺԣ˵⺷ǰѴܶŹ˼ҳ㷹һսոƽϢѸٻָȱٹٸԼĵطȻǷǣ޸Ҳǳ͡
ñҶСöСһšſҲʯʨӺ˩׮ͬطҪСһţϸõĴŵһҵƵģΪһʵЩᡣҲձںţеȸСȫ˼
öϣعԱüһãÿաáʱֻٵͬ˿̺еҲˡ
ӡáƷ֪ػ磬ֻѮ£ŵһʣѮһӡ˵ڻ;緢ˣֻλ̫ү˿һĿȡʦδİ㰬ʷҪ
ةΨΪ̫ү٣ڻһλϣةƵŲ裬ϵź룬һĵģ
߱ûһְƷĵʷѽΣκαصʷ֮λȱӣεʷδλҲͿˡͷȻҲȴûʸᡣ
һٺְ٣λǱѧ͹衢ѵţȻȨ󣬵ƷΨжߵȻ
֮±ǱѲСҶҶĶӣʮͣõǼ׳һַȴûмְڴˣĥѵٷٲȻһм־ũ֮£ة˰δʹزִʹȲӹ١
֪ѻλ֮ھҪˣʵڡ˰ۡˮȰũɣѧУ»񡢰ƶ񡢾ϵȵȷ棬ʵڷƿɳţλԽң
ڹԱ۹۱ǡǹģһ˴𻰡
֪سü΢΢һ㸺˰˼ɣ
һź˰ôҹȫʡ˰вһأһ͢õģ³͢һѵҺܶղϡ棬յŽϡء桭ˣǻͷֿ
֪طס˶ͷؿһ۵ʵڷ棬Щ
ͳһʲ̵ط˼ҳһǰʵл625ƽÿ˿6ˣʵл911ƽÿ˿ڽ6ˡ
˵Ļǲ置ģܺѾأٹڼ̶ΣԾռ˵˿ڵ߳ϣֻ͢ͳرկУ˿仯͢޴յġ
еϢˣ֪ؾһةЦһЩ˿ڿɲȻģش·Ҫڴ˶ӡЩ˶ӱأҪõƶˣ͵ԡ١Ź¼Ҳˡ
ةһָصϰÿһдѹҪô޷ƻҪô޷ﷸ鰸ӣ٣ٺ٣ʲôɿҫġ
λةλâһ򲻺ϵġ
ةִĻ⣬ǵʷǹֳةǼείǣǵʷĶͷ˾𿴶Ժذ˵ûϾӵĶ䡪裬ɱϾеְȨģҲ֮
ƿرصѽΣλĻ֪޸޵ףȨƣı죬ܡةһΰȨ;֮ĵغһ͵һĴ๴ᣬ֪ӡ֣ȴκβ
ռ˿ھԶ͡Ŀϵǳ屾һλ˾ȴΪսң͢Ͻ룬ûǵϮ˾ĴǵĿ
ҲǳŽģ֪شų͢ĺأûд˿棬вԵɣ˸Ȩˡ
֪ةĻкòѹ̾˿ԴϣĿ⿴ѧ͹裬ʵ˽ͣصĽ̷أĽϣʲô
˽͵ˣѧûһѧӿͨԳΪԱġʵϣزҪ˵ţϸͯͯ޼ѧļǡ
ѧԱԴһǿԿȥԱһƷӵܺĲӵܣԪ谵궨µĹأǱ뵽ѧģҪԣһġˡ
̫ʵ۵ּزǲҲͶѧСħͷ߸Ҫ˵ˣ¹˽;˸ˡ
˽˵̾ΣȻ̧ͷˣ˵£ЩҪˣؽ͡ѵƽǵٺ»Ѿûˣٺ»Ƿվãʦľѧ
֪ء͡Цһѧ١ѧĽѧģЩѧôûһѧİɣ
˽;һ񣬵֪ʱظոǨһ˼ңеһλѧ첮ĵģѧʶΪɫǱԱÿӦʳҲûء
֪ǿѧѧߵ¶Ŷ壬һ⻰ʱɵ˽ͣⲻ԰ɣ˼ǨӦûһѧԱôͳΪģ
˵ѧԱֳȣѧ߽иѧԱ꿼Ϳ֮󣬳ɼΪһӵʸ񣬾ͿԴӹٸǰˣͺñһʽѧԱǽѧû꿼Ȼ
˽͵֪첮ѧʶΪڣЩѧУһо٣ҲǴˡ˵δҪڱضӣʣŵֻҪ£ÿĽܷȫˡ
֪ľȻѾ²ˡѲСҶģӣҲʼְ
СҶ˵Щʲô֪ȫȻδͷʧؿݶĳгڳһ¿ˮ̵ģҶѾôùˣܲỹҸù°ɣ
ʱҶСشá


04 
СҶѲ죬Ѳ٣ݶָʹ˾ϾҪˣͨľֲͬƽҪ̫үĵȣǿ̫ү
ֻ;γһԶ壬ͬһعٸǵӰޣǵһ㵱عԱҲøһ֪ضѲĻ͸ˡ
뵱ҸεʱǺε緢ԭΪԺݣҽڴ˽ҵΪҵ;¼ʵĻںŲ꡵Ӣ˭֪
֪سݶĳгı룺⸱ģһʲô˵ءһˣθӣ͢һ֪һ¿ƽʿ٣ֱͬˣܰ͢ô
꣬ûйܻпͰɣҴ󿼲͢ҲԴȫȻӿǣչӦǲģֻǱٵ룬Ҳˣ䲻ġ
µĹԱ㱨Ź֪Ѿڿδˡ
ҶСˮҥ޶߽ãɻǾôҡڵؽˣſھȻվڵ˶ûУ߲֪վڵĹٲﵽĶȥˡ
֮ѵÿһˣԶԶżһòģˣǰʻ˾ͻһǩѺûһˡ
ҶСվԺзһˮ˵ԭͬҲ͸ֹŹ֣ҿǻ߰ɣȥͭʣҪˡ
ˮȻǡʷ˵ǾͲˡ
ҶСܾش͸ŹŹ֣ǻǲҪ鷳ˡǰʷεģһòٸȻʣʱһҵǣ㲻Ҫˣɽڻĳܺҵġ
ˮԥһ£ܾüȻ˼ҵİһ·ߵڣ˼ҵѶͨһδЩ顣ο
ˮȻ뵽һ£ҶСҶ磬¹ʷĳˣ¹ϵһ¹ס죬ϵ֪ĵϸһ֮ٸղʰʷʱҪΪˡ
ҶСһӱˣԹٸ˵ĲСһλ͢ǵϽ֮Ǽشһ׮ʱٸƲ˰ѱɱڹģ缰ʱȸԼҴ߼汨˵ݡ
뵽ҶСȻ˵ȻǼޣ˲¡Ļе
Ѧˮ˵軰ҲһˣԼ۵ƤڱԽԽô˵ѾˣֻϰԵһڣá
ҶСٺһЦָߣҸˣѴ˼˽ˣ㻶ϲϲҡ
ҶСһֱ򷽲ǼǩѺſ̽ͷһͼſڹšơ֣ˣڶ壬һ͵øյģ
ҶСϿȥ˳ʩλСһ׮£Ҫ֪شү
ĳһ˵Ӷôţһټ
һ˵˵ͷ곤߱˳ǩѺ˳ִű߳һɨ㣬ɨ˳ȣԭ︺Ĺ͹
ɶǸѮ¡ݣҲҶС죬ſϸоΣ͵͵ԷӶ˸طźٺٵЦߣ¾仰
ǩѺһǻ͵ݣԱߴǺ«ƵĻмҶС߽һ䷿ڹ£ӣشһڣϡϡķıϵʱһ
ҶСסĵ⻧ƾǶûˣ
ֱҶС죬ʵʲô°컧Ǩת
ҶССֻ·أһ׮ӣҪ֪شү
ؿ֪үͼģ˵ʲô¶
ҶСεʷ㰬ˣ·ɽɱˡ
ȿȿȿȡһû˳ȥǺһԣһվ˵ʲô˵һ飡
ҶСεʷˣ·ˣ
ɴ۾ȻҶС죬ŵϸѯһ龭ҶСĻƬ̣㼱鰸ҶС죡
ҶСǩѺˮ衢ҥ͸޶վԺУһˮݱǰһٿ̬ĸиһ棬ӶǵʷϢȴҲϾ࿴
ɨǸϲͷ˵ҪҲʲôݣǶװģɨŵءѾܾòɨˣ̫үƽز˵أϺһҡ
ϲͷҲˮһѴɨɨóűӵˣװģˡϽÿдҪȥү
ϲͷæһʹҶС죬űӴȣﴳȥ
ϣСҶԼػ㱨˱񣬴ʱ˰δʹĽ̫ү㱨ĽҪ㱨һ±ؿ˰һѱһ˵˰ǵѪʷ
زũҵأũҵղ˰ģص˰Ҫҵ䣬ΪǴϵ·ҪеһΣһεĹ˰վͳ˱صҪԴ
·䣬ȫڱشľСľߵľڱ꣬Ҳһػˡ
ĸ׵һ¹Ϊ˾ȵѲСҶүүѲӴҾͳ޼ҵĴˡĸ̳˾ְıƣټһȺŷ򣬸
ΪѲ˾ܣԽԽ󣬺ٲȻǱصһǿԭҪѲ˾ģ޼ҵĶˣѲ˾ѹһͷ
ľʮ꾭Ӫ̸ڣѳɺһԣͱ͡㶦˰ȨƵСͻȴСèС
˫ԭҲûʲô˰˾ĸ鷳֪ǰһֱΪΣۿ˴֮꣬γѣÿЩǸ˰˾˰
ɴһ˰˾ֻӲͷƤľЩҵ˰˳ͻǰóĽµļ˰ձľ˴ڻڼˣҽҩѶûط
ةľһһĽ״Цѡ֪غʵȨκβľ˰δʹҲҪ״ֻ˵ίжΰˡ
֪ķңҴҵش˽֪ҵһйĿ꣬ŭƴϣԽԽûˣλ鹫£˭ġ
ȻĿŵض죬ȴҲ˿λûɶʵȨĿ֪أ˵үĪҪ鹫ˣȴǷһ׮£ҪĴ°
֪ĵ٩ζиջ𣬿Ҳ¸û˾ηԼֻûתʵʲôҪĴ£
ƴϵүոñ˵Ǳεʷ㸰·ϱ˸ɱˣ
ڹԱһĿˢһͶƴϣһʱѻȸ
˰Σ顱һȴǻ֪һƨصϡ


05 ʷ
ү
ƴϵ˰Σ֪شľģдΪӣϷࡣ
֪һԲֻʹźˣˣˣʮо٣ĸò֪εοڲ֪εۣһҪΪ񣬻ˡ
ں꣬ͷƿɳ£εʷڽϽɱˣϢһ͢͢ôίأûдﵽҪЧΰӵ˵زֻΪ˸һҲΪƷˡ
ʱһֱֵ²ؼةɫҲô£͢ضŭֻǴ󿼵Ļùıضǻ磬ڹҲһǻ硣
ǳô£˵͢᲻ҲϼƲáǸܣҲ͹ˣʵʰѳֺȨˣΪ׮ӣҲҪ군
˶һۣӶԷп˽šȻһֱͷ׮˶ӰĴ£ԾЯ
ȣƴϣǱ˴֪شľة˵ˡƴ϶ةǷĵľηϽӦһƬ֮󣬰ҶС˽
ة繫ʰһ㣬ҶСϸϸѯһ飬ҶС¹ʷʼһУԭԭضة˵һ飬ةȻϣ˰֡
ҶС칰ֵСˣ
ţͻȻѹҶСһ䣬վ¹شҪ֤ˣʱ뿪ءţҰݡ
תҶСȥס£ٻ¼ڹ
ҶСüĵȻ鷳Ϊ˱鷳Ҳֻˡ
ҶСЦǣС¼ڹߡ
΢΢һЦ벽죬Ѳ췢һ֧ǰɽڿ찬ʷʱҪ·ʱ߲ãʲôʱ뿪ȴٷԸɡ
ҶС켱λүСҡ
һ֣ˣȥݣ
¶⵹վĸۣϸϹһһվҶСߡ
ҶСΣͷɥظȥ֪һЦܿ죬Ǿ͵ðչΪˣǺǣ˺á
˵ͻȻһתشЦİչΪ񰡣ҪչΪˡةλҲҪͱһְΪˡû뵽˾Ȼһϵƣ
֪ں꣬һʼȫĻ䣬޿κε˿ܣжԶȨڲةⲻ֪жȻ뵽ҪùȻԼһ𣬻һԵĿ⡣
֪ӴЦЦᶼˣؿЦôϢʱ˵£δزиķӡ
ָ֪ſشЦİ취سǶıΣʲô취㲻Ǻɽвϵǳô˵ɽʦһйʦߴʦѰʷȻ˰ɡ
֪Խ˵ԽȤ̲סЦ꣬һֱ컹ͷһؿָıӣ㳰ŪЦЩĻ磬һһٵصûҾҪȻ
һ֪صЦȻֹؿʧʵȻ㡭㡭ѵ
ΪһضҪΪˣĻ֮£ƹˤͻȻ˵ϣûʧ֮£鲻ɽ
ûд𻰣һϵ١١ְǣ˵λ£һΪ֪͢ˡة˺ͱٹȻѴ̣ǺйԱȴҲһҪܵ֡ҵνһپ١һ𣬴ҪͬЭѹزųɡ
˷׷׵ͷǣСҶü㾿ʲô취ҹҲ˵˵ʮ棬òûĸʦͨɣ
һЦδ˵ةͻȻ¶һȻɫȻƴϡ
վǶһæӦ
ةӽǻ䡣
֪طȻã˵ǸɣɾװװӣةҲʾһ²ǣôƲһߣˡƴôסĪؾˣһѰԱͻȻͱ˻죿
ة֮£Ҫؿƿ˵κ֪аȥ
ةɫǵùҲһҪ㵹ù
ƴ׹Ȼûϵڱĺ£ةҪϢȴ֪ةʲôô£סƴȴҲֻӲͷƤӦ
ةվòôԶ˵ǲµģԸȥ뿪⡣ƴΨΨŵŵæ˳ȥ
֪ʱҲˣ̲סʵةʲô˼ѵԣѾˣ
ةһۣһЦȻƾж˵Ķ֣Ȼ˶Է롣ةһ粽ãʱȴֻ΢΢һЦΪ˽ҿյװɡ
ةصλʩʩȻ£΢΢һЦվĬһԶĺѡٳϣȻûԶĵˡ
֪سס͵ص㾿ʲôӣЩ˵ɡ
Сӷԣʷֻ֣֮ĶáãԼĸλ֪ô
֪ؼͷ˻һƴϣΣ
áʷٻǾվ˵ǼٵģǱ°ƺһȺǿңǶδ֪ԼɱǱصʷδظ֡ǣȻҲ˵ġ
˵֪Ҳ׹Ծص˵ð䡭ôܣʷֲǴʯͷĳˣð䣬ðã
յһЦöðһʱգʷΪˮںأѵ͢׷ǵΣʲôϵ
֪⻰ɵһЩԱǴʱҲ˼𾪲ѡ֮ҪôةĸҪôǴ¹ϵԼ棬һ˷ԡ
ةһһʷջˣûһĹϵһأǲ͹ȥô
֪ګګص𣿡ϸ룬ĿУ񽥽ǡȥһð䰬ʷأ
ȻһЦαȥңڱһˣ֪ûϵӶǵĴ¡÷űѶСӲͳˣͰʷ࣬˵Ҳͳˡ
֪һ˵ŹһʱһҪɱҶģΪ˰ȫҶҪҲǻţ
֪Щ̣᲻Լǰ;ҿϹԱ˳Ĭ뷴ԣֻҲҪһ𡰲û׼ʱͲʲôˮǱطˡ
֪ҧҧɡǸҶģϴӦô
ةͬʱһЦĵؿɵô


06 㵱ٰ
ҶСѦˮ衢ңԼ޶һس͢ٵĴס˱صݡ
ط˵ҪªĺܣԴӽɺ޼Ĺ·ԱʹûʲôסҶС˵ǼáôһԺӣֻһˣͦеլŵĸо
ܿ죬ҶСͷǣͷӴǸƴϡǵ֮£ݵҲѺСӴǵʷ¹ش󣬹ٸ֤ҲҶСûж롣
ڶһ磬ƴϾҶСȥãҪȥѰʷʬסҶС쵽ãͼ硢ةΨ㶼һٷȻȫ˵һӳǹٶܵʿȴѲСҶӡ
һ뿪أʱŸϵةµǸɽڣѲʿɽڣһȷûзֽʿֱפԶΪڣ֪ءةŴҶСͼĸ߽ɽڡ
ҶСָϵĵطǺܿ;ЩʬףҴӰʷѳˡ֪ص˶˿Һáû𻵻ʧί״ǵļƻͿ˳ʵʩˡ
֪سʷȻڱأԾ̣뾡ˮʯ˰ʬʢãԴ˻سͣšةһ´ν
ҶСŴһȦָͣŻ֪غةߣɽڲԶҶСлͷһͼɽһ̻ڿնвش˸ͻ
ҶСŻ֪Ǿɽס£һ̷سǣȵʱֵãƣҶСүСˣǷԾʹ˸ˣ
ةһ۵ҺЩδˣ˵
ҶСΣֻվԼʱ֮ƴͻȻǰ˵ҶС죬үҪ㣬ҶС컹ѯʣƴתȥҶСֻĺ档
һҶС챻ãֻл֪غة¿һˡ
ҶСǳվӡ
ةҶС죬ó͢پڱ˵ʵ޷죬֮Ҫ֮ԷЧȡκȥ٣ʵ޷׷飬һЭǣԸ⣿
ҶСɻؿ˿ةһԲĻ֪أʵλүСȷǹٸˣַǽʿЭүƴ˰أ
ة΢΢һЦϸʹϣȻдǮɼɱʷΪƣΪѰ𡣡
ҶСĵ˵˵ʷȱɽһأֱСүѹһ飬ڴɾˣĻôǮһ׮ɽͼƺİӣΪҪ˵Ѱ𣿰ѰǰʷҪеЩΣɽȴȫǱعԱˣԼɣ
֪ؿһ˵ĿļȻǰʷôǾͿðʷǳֻҪ¶Щ˿ǾͿ԰Ǵ鰸ˣð䰬ʷ
ҶСһʲôð䰬ʷ
ة밬ʷûм꣬ûֻ֪ҪǷųȥ˵ʷ·٣Ӿ¾ʷ˽ӵһû˻ỳˡ
԰ʷڱس룬ЩһϤϢֻдʧܣȻѰ㡣ģǻ˰бܵ˺³֮󣬱Ϊл㿴Σ
ҶС˻ƵֿͣٿĪǼҲһСϱʮĸ͸ң
ҶСЦүȻ˵ĿǴɱʷôһϵðʷģС밬ʷ󣬳ȴͬҪðֻϾ¶ڶ
ةЦԲӡʷǹ٣ȻˣԷҲӦǹٳʿˣǲɱ˵ġʮа˾Ǻڵ
ĻֻŰʷĳӶϤòֻһǶǵĻߣʶʷأҪһ̽ģֻҪˣǾлᡣ
ҶСȻ뵽ɽʱɽðĹỤ̃ЩҡͷˣСֻǾأǡ밬ʷͬ;Ŀװֳ˵ϸλүƻ˰ȷССҲûǸСܴӦ
֪İŭȵ󵨣ؿɲ̣ϱأ
ҶСؿصүСûм֪Сδ˵һʳ͢ٺ»ٸнˮ񣬱ϹٸưοСү֮Сֻ·˵ء
㡭
֪û뵽һСҲҶײָҶС죬ŭɶ
ةЦסŭϢŭϢŭ
ةס֪أתҶС治Ը⣿
ҶС칪ˡѴ
ةǺǵЦðɣǱҲԸǿѡֻǣǱΨһĿ֤ˡ
ҶСүСֻĿװֳ
ةڰֵʲôֻ¹ʱ׷ٿӰʷһ˵ˣ;ҲһЩ׵ɽɣ˵оֵĶĿЩпҪָϣԡ
ةһ٣ԣԲð䰬ʷǡڱƻ֮ǰ㲻뿪ء
ҶСһةʵΣ
ҶСӣȻЦصãСںס£үٻ
ҶС̬ȵةһЩҶСΪλķӦɲɫصãȥɣٻ˶㣬˰˽֮ǰڱء
ةҶС£ְƴϻһƴϱҶС뿪ˡҶСƴһߣһ߰룺ˮ谡ɲӣǺصĴǲ߰
Ҿ仧ɣˮ¥̨ȻҪԽԽãʱԽԽã˵һģҾ췹ʱǱ޶ȥͭʼˡҿȼ֮ʮӵĲö
ҶС뿪󣬻֪üôô뿪ˣӦ˽᣿
ةˣҪðĿǵʷһλҪͷ¶ĹԱǳ˵նЩԱ֮⣬һ˿ֻ֪ĺصʷ֮󣬲Ųʲôķڱʱҵ鷳ٲȾˡ
֪ɻصóôȥɽڣʷȻϲ˼ˣЩʱӦкã
ةػشʷϢٷĻӦû⣬յĹӣҶĻԹԻǣĸԸʷģ


07 Ϻ·
ة˵գ繰˹ֵ¹ٸǣ
ة˵ҲȻش𣬱ѴһƮȻȥ
綨ıӰɫ临ӡ
Դأ㱥ة뵱غǿе⣬ˣǺ޼һ£벻ˣһԼܣѹֲס˵ĳޣʵ
õôõһԺ䣬֪ؼҾסõĽԭĹýҪһϣڵƣԺΪ˽լкܴԡ
լһƬԣɽʯ¡۵Сȥһεıˮ̶
̶ˮһ䣬ˮ֦Ҷ㼸βȴҲֹ͵ĽﮣǴ˼ںδЯصջڴˣҲһζ
Ӵ橵߳һŮӣȣҡһССȣյȣȥ
ԶԶģͼһٻӰڸɫɫΧ֮ΧаŽͲ֪ڴŻһŮδͼ
Լ˵СųвʮãһС˴ֶæʩˡ
СҲͶʮͣ۰Ƥƣ۶䣬ֱζһö͸˵ӡ΢΢ףͷҡڶʵүУ
С˵ŴȻ˵ǹٻȴЩٯϣǳö
С˹ش֮С˾ٲһɫıȼƮ磬һ㡣С̧ͷȥֻһӰںڵ㷢һ٣ֳĵٸϣ
ٸٲ˽ȥשܬأϹǹƣһɽͼ֮⣬ǽлֻһֻٳʯ辰
ҲһССռ䣬ĸĵͼٸ橶ȥ̬߽˻
һ鷿ӿţһƼˮ϶ɽʯţɽڱǽ±һֻһ߮СȣڴҸֲһʯҺġ
ϵһֽţī翿Ȧϣƣͷһüţγһ֣ƺѾƣá
ĸ̾˿Ѱɷ򣬱ǵܵһ飬ۼɷľƣģﻹԼȥա
˿ߵ󣬽ȸϣ̧ܣ£̵ֻӳϸ·һ侫
üĶһ£˫ֱ㰴ļ򣬸ΪżүΪʷһ·ô
һûлش
ٸ๫̫ԼǸʲôΣ˭ܹ򿪾أôֵ๫ͷϡ
Цһң«ĺͿ
ٸŲͿ
ǲͿǾ͸
ٸ๫
ſ۾ӣϸķۺɫļǾɶׯ٣һλֱµĵʹŮܶѳʮأͬһöɫ顣
Լ꣬ѾơͷҲ˰׷ҲЩˣոʱǸ緢ӣļ
绽ӷȻţ͢ȻҵĿദⲢζų͢ҵĿദ·һ֮£͢Ҳһ˵ģǻʵۻ׸ЩʱɼġŴϣöӶ΢
ĬȻɷѸ˥ϵգЩݵصѵûа취ô
ֱҡͷ״󿼣УҵĴ־͸ˡһλͨĴ˴ܹҹءǣһλˣƾʲôЯ־ССƷأ

棬ҶС챳ŸˮŸСңģ㶫СèͷϿһңϱһ¨¨Ŀʮ
ƴǰ棬ؿҶС죺·ʱ뿪أҪ·ʲô
ҶСǡҪסҪ鿴
ƴϵеǵط·ͿסֻҪǮ·һ·ô죿
ҶСεؽ·ˮ裬ߡ
ƴһвͳͳ£
ҶС쾪ΪΣزٻְǿɣ
ƴϵǮһߣ˵˰δʣ˭֪Ǯ·Ǯʱñܣ׺Իỹ㡣
ƴһ֣ϾҶСѦˮеİһǰҶСˮҥҲةķ˴ͣǰһ˸һɶ
޶ɵɵվһߣȻȻòһĿӣ˳
һĿڹرϳݣһҹ֮䣬Ǿʹӹү̫̫Ĵһƶϴƶˡ
ҶСվſڣſ۶䣬ֿװ硢жҵƴϺһ٣̾޵ġͷпصֵܣҪ֪н죬Ǯˡ
ҹһ£βһ̣ॡһһǮƬ
ҶСĳ࣬ǱЦ̲סЦ
̧ͷɵؿһۡ

ʱһĿס
ֻҪк˵ĵطƺٲôһλƹصɡֵǣ˰أÿһܲǸλƹص齨һҲֹΪ
ƺֻҪΪλ齨һǾ;ΣλͲŲˣǴӹأȴִӹﲻںү񻰹Уǰλ鵱ɵ٩Ķ
ԣ¸ʢֵطˡҶСһĿסһõ
Ҷ磬ҶԲ㣡
ѦˮۿΧһƬưܣȻ¡
̡߲һҶСǰͷҶ磬һʼǲΪˣҶ¶¡ȴǳæһŮӣû˰ţֵطֱǴ粽УҴûẦ䵽ⲽءȰٸн죬Ҷ磬ҶԲ㡭
Ѧˮ豯ʹһ߿һ߿ͷлˮ̧ͷȻһ֪ʲôʱҶСѾ£ѦˮͷҲͷһһаۡ
ѦˮԾصҶ磬㡭Ǹʲô
ҶСһصҲû뵽һҾȻôԼ㿴ضݹˣʱأ


08 ĺ;
ѦˮִסˣҶСһЩ죬ǷʵûбķӦˡ
һ㱯ҵĴ£ôλҶƫƫ͡Դôģ
ѦˮȻ֪ҶСһֱô벻ߵԶƤʵĸƤʵ
Ѧˮ˰죬½ڨڨصҶ磬㡭ҿЦˡˮױɸĸ˫׶˻£ˮһСŮӣΥĸ֮
ҶСҿûи㿪Ц˵˰㵣ĵĲǸĸ֮һøıġǸлʲô磬Ͳ÷ϣҶС֪Ѷˣֱ
Ѧˮڵص˵˫Ů޶ССҲ˵ŮҾӦôһաҼҺлѾ飬ȻûóףҡҲлҵˡ
ҶСǾЩ鷳ˡҺлһ˻飬ȴոհݹأ㵽׸ö˭һأ
ȻСңվſڣƴ
һԸ޶ؿСС͵ڳңĸƨ棬ʲôϲģңһңƣ㶣æڽ£ֻơ
Ѧˮмܲסˣǻ࣬ǱҶС˵ÿЦãһʱҲֻٰûŻŵӱߵҶ磬㡭Ϣɣǡʲô˵

һ磬һĿ﷢
һˣ޿еĽζȻ֪ϾҪ
ҶСǮûˣͶûóԡ٣ЩٶΪ˱Ҿͷþֶΰ
ˮӵصҶ磬ҪҪǾʹӦǰɣҲ߲ˣðһµʷΣץס֣ȻŹǡǲӦǾߵġ
ҶСٺЦҡͷһŮ˼ңﶮЩٳһӵƶûô򵥵ġ
ˮصɴһ˫ô
ҶСֹһ٣ֻöˡھͳȥһɣֻҪһ͵ǮӣҾͷŶûУ
С磡
ңȻҶСһŤͷŷ򿴿صҶС֡
ҶСߵǰ£ʵô
ң̽뻳صһͷҶС쾪صɴ۾
ңٺһЦִӻһͷҶС̰ĵصô
ңСҡҡͷ
ˮ߹ֵʵĶŪͷ
ңСݳٺ٣λûҡ
ҶС૵صԭԻҲгԻĺô
ңֿСЦ˼ǰˣһɣҲû˿ţ
ҶСͷְ§ڻУİɣԺС磬ǲٰġ
ţ
ңͷСбˣ
ҶСЦЦˮңңͷ˰ɡǴȥҹ
ˮվضҶСҪҲȥɣһֱҶ㡭Ϊҡ
ҶСһۣص޺޺³ԷҪǶû㣬ʲôãţȥǮ
ȻҶС컰ﻰ⻹ռ˵˼ˮһȴϵķûУᴹͷ˵ů͡ϧָжոеͱҶСһ仰˱ӡ
˵ǻһţ㿫ƨɶæĻйǮ
ңضҶСС磬Ǯ𣿡
ҶСؿһۣȻ°͵˭
ңĵصҶС찡С磬ôԼֶǵˣ
ҶСˮȴ̲ס͵Ц
ҶСݺݵصһһСĥ˾ͷȥ

ƴϺһٻ£Żûʱ͸ˡ
ҹʱ򣬳ŹرգѡҶСáŮģһСӣöţҶСǲᶼɲˣֻ춢žˡ
ҶСҲǣǿһ㣬߰ȻƴʱЦ˵һ䣺ΣӦǴ˵Ҫɡ
ҶСЦһﳤȥ
ҶСԼǿš˭ҿǴӻʳǸˣ¶ѵסңЩˡӣֻҪ¶ڷ磬ǻÿź˭ԸϹۣ
ġˡҶС죬ʼڹݺرְܴڷ֣ƹģĶϹۡ

뵽ҵƣð㿴ƥʲô
Ҳ֪
ô㿴ƥУĶĲأ
Ҳ
ȥ

˵𣿡
ᣬӦСģС˲ˮˣô
˵𣿡
ᣬƹģ
ô˵ô

ȥ

뵱ڣЩ
ͷӵһ鰡ϸӡꡢѰϢҶʤΡ
ô
ᣬҡ
ҲСһٶʮصʯˣϼ˸
һٶʮˣϼˣҿˣһС˽š
ȥ
ͷʵڲСҿʦġ


ɤŴ𣿡
ף͵ûߺȡƹҸ㺰ɤӡȡȣ轷ۣ۲ⶹӻƹϡܶѡܲܲܲѿ㴻þ²ѽ

ƹģô֪ƹƵģⲻǸɤô
ܴô
ܣ˭ᰡѧ
ʣܴôܣˣ
ƹĻȭͷ˸ơ
ҶСסˣڰصơҪְô꾭ܣŶˣǰ죡ǰ죡иŴȵСǼҵľ͡
㾿ܴܴ򣿡
ҲŮˡ
أ
˺׳СӲ
ȥ
ƹġ
̻¶ëĻǰһᣬվؿҶС졣
ҶСλֵܣˣĺ׳
ҶСҴ˳̣վڸߵͲƽĳʯ·ϳ̾Ϊʲôûܷҵĳأ
ҶСҴҵرڴСһδڣߵʹԶҵƴϺһ۱ңǿؿҶС죬һҪɱ˵
ҹɫ٣ƳϣѾˡƴϺǸɴͣڷңԼļҡһȻûҵһݹҶСȴջ
ϣһЩ̺˼ҹ˺ɫĵСһƬ׵ķΧ֮СҶСɥŲӣֻŸۣһ鹽ϴ˼ſڹźȴţ߹ȥż¡
ҶС챳дţ̾˿Ƶ룺ʱһ´󻰡ôȥһᱻЦġϲ˵˵ᰲοңͷҲһЦȥȥĶ
ҶСĶӹؽҶСӣԳصҶС찡ҶС죬벻ȻôǱһ졣屦ʱôƥʲôأ
ҶС˵ԺźȻˣҶСӦһͷ˽ȥ


09 мϷԺ
Ӵ˭ѽǡڵϹǼſڣѽ㡣ϸϸģƺǸˡ
ŵҶСգȻͷ˷վţҶСǰյҶСʲôһͷһŴ͵سҶСǰҶСһ
״̴һŴһЦֱĭӣƫƫһ˫۾͸ҶСǼҵĸ޶ƵģĨڵġЦţаֻӣСƴôͿͨһƬտӡ

ҶС󵨣Ҳֽһûιȥ
ͷ
̴ֵһָҶСͷһ㣬ҶСʱһתҲ֪ǱŵãǱǺܲƵָͷġ
㣬ûҼǰʲôŶ
ջءܲ˸ָεεصˣĪҼӦġ
ҶСʱҲ˲ǹһˣֻǲΪʲôŨױŮ˻ݡҶС챾ˣһӦ֣ѾһڵҶСʱһѿʵλ㡭硭ƹģй𣿡
õҶСһ飬ϲüңţüĿ㣬һС죬øۣǲֻǲ֪㻹Щʲôأ
ҶСһıڣû糿ճʱİһ⻰ʱ飬æСʵȴ֪ƹЩʲôӪҪЩʲô£ҿɷֱ治ƥĳɫͲأҲ˵绰ͻڰʮʯҲ費ġ
ָЦֻˮĸѼƵģӴСͦģ˵Ƥɣͳˣᳪ𣿡
ҶСھʱôҲһƱѣһʱæͷᣡᣡСӳͦء
ЦصǾͳˣɡ
ҶСϲظ˺ߣۿһθҪɢƵģѸεߵϰ£æƿĿ⣬ʵƹģûմ
˽޶ڿƮƮ£Цʲôƹƹģݣţ˶Ŵ硣ԺͷԼֵܣֻҵ
磡
ҶС챻ϴ̱ǵζѬĴ˸磬ӣ룺ѹôһģԭһϷ԰ӡ
һٹ֪˼Ϸ԰ӣҶС첻¡ĻǲģƱѾƱѣ˼ЩԳϷΪ棬ȵˣҶС˵ȥòҵһݹɲԸʧȥᡣ
ҶС쿴ǰֻҡȥ˶ġĵҲδؾҳϷҰߣøʲôģҪʱ̨ףšһ

ҶСŷǰʧãڵĴű㡰ॡһƿˣ嵶˴󺺴һվڡ漴һŮ
ŮϸʵһѾͷֻü֮Ӣ嵭ġ˫֣ǰһվĿһɨŭľ
һװ󺺶׵ǣ
Ůŭէ֣ͷǰ·
ҴæŮƳĴȣ¶ظȥ
Ϸ԰ţһһʯȻӽģȴҲ¡ᣬӳɼһЩᣬЩŴգЩȴŴӡ
ҶС̽ͷ̽Եģͼ˶ˣò㡢Ů࣬еԾױеﴵҲ裬ѽѽΡ
ŮǲϷ̨ģǶݡҶС쿴⾰иȷţȻǼϷԺ
Ĩǵģһǰһ뿪ǰԺͥһƫеƻͨȴʲôˣƺûʲôţݳҲ߶
ҶСƫ˫°ִһصͷţӻ治£иơ
ҶС첻ܲԼĶ̴ˣһص磬СҲܺҳϼ䣬̨Ļûô¡
һЦأᳪȻãᳪҲûϵᳪϷлᳪϷ⣬ᳪϷвᳪϷС򣬸иĵȿ£иҿζ
ƹĻ˵
ҶСϲ£Χӵش˼Ȧؿڣĸ첲⻶ϲصţüĿģӹǶʵ
Ť˶ķߵǽǣһӣ߷׻̵ŮѣһţҶСһԴһ£ٽơ
ҶС磬ҪʲôǳĻҾͺáЩϸ飬Լɲ
£ϣ촩ϡ
ҶСΣֻѡһɫȽصѴϣǰһվһģϲãٸü㴽ЩۣǾǸСˡ
ҶСͭһգòϷɻأ磬﾿ʲôѽ
ԳһЦЦ˸۶ҶСһ顣
࣬һװﵱȻƤ
ҶС쾪ŴͣʧƤ⣿ҡҲڳôŮ˰ɣ
ָңңһָŮʲôõģ˭˵˾һҪϲŮ˵ģһ֪˵ǱŮ˻ϲء
ҶСһģֱȥ·дж˲֪߳ܣӪҸĸҶڣҪߡδ䣬ȴǹһ죬ʱйĵ
ѪͳԳԵЦЦˣһѩ׵һصԪֵָͷţҶСǰ˻Σƹӳӣ׻Ĺ
ԪһţҶСǰһƣЦصСֵܣ֮ܶѣʵֻǵһһ߹ȥҲνˡ뵱ҲѰٻģ룬ǺЦ
óҶС쾽ȵĴȡͶ·һıܺͼĸо
֮꣬ڼȼʱԼƽӵʳСϸƤľͲܹӣû׼ʲôǵĴ˼ӵܣӦûԸٶġ
ؿҶС죬ûҶСȻһϷۡͷŲвŮ꼱Ҵ磬磬ˡ
ܵߣĶ˵˼仰ʱ˫һɣתߡոҶС죬תһָſһָҶСǶţԼѡ


10 СħŮ
ȴ˵һСŮҴ󺺵ͬ´Ϸ԰ת˰죬һŲɴ˾СˡҴС˱һһҵ˵ģСţһӳµķӡ
ɽǽڣֻźʹ¶棬·Ӿܴɵһ㣬ⰻȻҹ䣬ҰȤŹţȴţ޴͸Ц
СŮľҪǰһҴæǰסεصС㣬ǡǰŰɡ
СŮһ㶣
Ŷ
СŮ׹ƲƲǵó˿
СŮӣ޷޵صҾˣ˺Ů˯֮֮仰˵Ķ԰ɣ
Һӵس鴤˼¡
СŮմմϲûϾô˵ġ칫ദһʱԺҷѧҲˡ
ҺԶԡ
СŮͻֵԲƯĴ۾˺һܳʲôȻǮΣǲ֪νÿ
СŮƿǴ󺺣ǰȥһš
䡱һžͷɽȥϡﻩҲ֪˶ٶһ˭
СŮӦң˵һͷ˽ȥ
Ҵһߡ
м֧ȼɫӣױ̨ͭѬ˱ǣľһΪӢͦӣػ̻˫ֱһű֫ŵشƷµӣȻſڡ
ƴս¡һ죬ŵήˣһĹ򣬾ͼһ⡢ŮһĳӢͦһæ£סߴԾص
СŮŭغȵͷܼף
֪ǿСŮȻŴ۾΢΢һᣬƣʹͼϻŮʱģûɶһԵŮˣ
ˣæҵϵҧгݵصһңܵ๫ʲô
չؿһۣЦѵһ˵๫ͺˣ
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չصһۣȵĳȥ
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Ů仰ҡҡλεڳݲ塢Ѫص紮Ӱʲô¶ˣƾʲôܵã
չһƣ๫ʱһѿзˣźɳһڿתʮȣˤҲˡ
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үһЦаԹصôҪҷ̷ģŮˣҶ⡭
öүһ˵һ߾Ҫٶչո̧ƨɣ;ֵصɴ۾ֻһֻСѥ߸ߵ̧Ȼɿضȥ

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ϵӢͦӺ͸ոҴ󺺲Լͬӡ
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չ˵վߣǿĴһʮϢ֮ʱ䣬Ͻ֫ŵأֻƵĴܵ齱ߣЬӶ˲ƨƨߵظ˳ȥ
һ֣ͨ羪ҷˣһ˰Ŵһǡÿ뺷ŮһŶ£Թ߿ɱɱɱ
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չһ֣ͼһطɳȥһôϡ
Ӵӷһ龰ϽС㣬߰ɡ
ʱʮЩǱڻԺҲһЩ⡰󸹬Էö๫潣Ҳµģ׷ŵе˻Ů·׳ʡ
չҪߣһΣ˷ܴеúã
˫һˣֱȺһӣȻ趯ţƣ˸УһӰķȭ»򵹻ɣҽ
һŲӵĴ󺺿Ѫصˤȥ߹ٶĸһŰʵŮװ˱һȥһ仰û˵ͻ赹ڵء
ӲõŤͷȥ

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ѡô
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ҶСĸƹһȣͺܳһλײ˸
λɫš˵иŮֳӣһʱҲ֪ǲԼȫһҪһܳӣͺһŮװײһ
ǿ˼æһһصԪҶСһǮҸˣ˰˵ž棬Ķȥ
ҶСһһûˣҶСİذӴӿ˲

˭Ҫ򣿡
չ˫ȭ·սŵȣսⰻȻذˣҴҸķһ˷ܵ񣬱ʶֱظеŮǳΣա
չңûǰΪɨˣһתߡ
ţ
ҧҧӲͷƤǰȻҲηŮӵôһӵ뿪ԺҲøˡοȻֻһ𱣬Ҳпɽġ
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չḧȭͷ
ճڣȻ費ˡֻһСС£ģûǴүţǴүҲžͽ̡
չһչסˮ
չˮ
ѵİʱϡ
ˮչϣ
˾ǰΡ±ǰ˴գˮչǡþͰ˽֮һ
ɣޱ䡢ƶתĳȷѪ꣬ҷ𣬿˾ȴʼճȻ⣬Ȼݡ
磬Ϯռ㣬ӰԺǧ겻˥Ļʵۣǧ˾СС󸹬Է̼ҷĿֲڣ
ڵأԶأͶش񡣺ˮСϪƵĹ˶ÿһⶼã̧ͷһλչѲ֪ȥ
ҶС쳭ԺСһ·оգۿ˷֮¼æӿ˽ŲҶС쿰ϵſڣбͻȻɱһĹǡͬʱߵǰ


11 Ҫͷ
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ҶСչһۣԼͬ𼸷ֺɡ
ҶС룺๫ȻŮˣĪˮ·ⶼ
չ룺һûûĳˣнʲôãȻƤ⡣
˱˶ԷһۣȥǰŸոż־òԣ˲Լͬٶͣ£ŤͷԷſҵĵ˿˶Էģ
ҶС쿴չ£üԲȴֲʧˮƤСģ찡
չҶС죺۾鶯촽ҪŮҼ˶Ҫʼ֣ѹ๫Ƥ⡣ģе찡
㣡
ҶСչԼͬϳ˶Է
ɱǧģһ칫ǰ䵽ˣ
չðɣְε
ҶС쵱ϣ漴˫ϥһ
ҪӢۣ
ҶС조̡߲һϵعչǰסĴȡ
չĽʱһ˵еԸ񣬿ûմһָͷ
ǰչûԼŮˣҲûй̸˵˵Ϊպġǭ֮֮һҲûĸ˸
칫ӵĶţиȴҲǷ顢ֹչȻ¶Ĳ֪鰮ζ칫ַľȻҲἰҡ
ͻȻһ±סȣչЩţ㡭֣
ҶСĵ׺ݵĽҲŲ֣֡˳ָһҾˡ㣬㶯͵ýһѪĸŮɾٺ١
ףеԣýʵءû뵽ôһСƵŮӣϾȻһӺرζ
Ķأչߣ̧һߣҶС조ۡһҽоͷ˳ȥһʱʹҪȻҶСһ¹ͷöϼ
ʱչǴĸҴ߹һΣֻҶСҲǡ󸹬ԷˣǰãҪ֣ѵ
չһۣ߶ȥҪܣ
չŵߵҶСߣѵһܣЦЦصɽˮ꣬Сӣû뵽ҵһɣ
ҶСЦǰҺ͹Ե
չɫһ䣬ҧгݵصûܰѱˣתСб°ţ䵽ҵУ˵ɣôǺգ
ҶС̾˿ĵصѷڹϣҪɱҪУҶ޻˵ˡ
չЦװǱƭô
չֱһӣ߾٣ҶСȻ۾ͷ
¹ҶСϣ۽գƺҪȻʼҲû
ҶСüѵͲ֪ҵΪƭΪγ𣿡
չĵضڿУװͰ͵صҵ˵˼ҸϵŮ˽һ·׷ɱôôֻ㣬ȴ˽ǸСŮӣ
ҶС̾˿֪ʵҲ˼ҵӶҺӴС÷˫ĸΪǶ¡˭֪Ժ÷СӳһδүȻɫġ
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չתı磬װͰ͵ص죬ϻжǮó
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չѶ̵һңֵסջҪڱشϼأʵѰʱҡ
չ˵գ󲽣Ӣˬ˳ȥҴæ
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׷չȥˣҶСվԭ룬ͻȻһ£æ̧ȡ䲽߳ţ֮Ҳ


12 ҹ
ΡΡر˷Ŀڣµصˡ죡ţϲˡ
ǸչһŶĿһﱻְ˽ŵ̧Ѱҽȥˡ˷ţص԰СƫŻ
ף
عϷŵ·ȻҶСأˣ٣˼ͷӲǡأ
ϸ˿ֻԪûˣò·Ҳһס˼ֹŹ֣ʵ磬ʲôأ
Ƭ̣ͷʵšиˣôÿ֪֪˭סη
࿴ֿյĴϱɫӴ磬˵ʲôأϵɱЦ˵ġ


ҶСصʱѾȫˡһɽǣƽأɽ£ɽƽ֮仹һӣڰɽϡ
ҶСɽʱеƻɽʱȥԶɽǣһƬǳڵīɫһִ£˪ڵأ
ҶСͣסŲɽ£ƻ㣬ϵǳһ貣ڸߴʮɡǧĸоھǵʱûйġ
ķΧУֹ۵ҶСһзգеöԪڱϼõŮѣٺһЦɽٶȸˡ
쵽ɽʱҶСȻͣסˡԱһɽϪСϪӴܿɽ鱩ʱǲӿںӴ¶һƬĶʯ
Ӵûйľڣ¹ӳˮ⣬СԶԶȥͬһ֮ϣվһ¨ꡣ
ֻʮۣͣѾ˽׳ˡ¨־һ֦øɿݵ«έɵĻѣֳһ߳ϸм⵶ſȶվϪˮС
ҹɽϪһŻѵ꣬гһڵվϪˮУ˻ҶСΪ棬Ͼڸʲôˡ
˹רעûзҶС죬һ־Żѣһϸ΢΢ˮл߶ȻֱһֻһһǿڱֱĵˮУһĨˮ
ʱѾһ㣬н塣ƴҡβͣǲǷӵѣһﵶ׼ȷ˦ı¨
ҶС龰ɡһ֪㣬Ҳ˵㣬֪㣬õץͷһؿ
ͻĹյþʧߣˮ֮Уּۿ죬ӵһնˮ㣬ǺεȶصĲ㷽Ǻεݵ֣
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תȥֽͶڲԵˮϡ
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ҶС·㣬ôϺõ˿񡣡
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ʣµװ¨ã𵶣ŰѲҶС졣ҶСذ·ݹȥҡҡͷ㡣·ҲҪȢϱʱһǮƥ˿·
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ҶСʵιСֵܣʲô֣
Ʒɣ
ԶԶģҶС΢΢һЦصƷôǸ֡ȡֺðܷɣѵܷɳȥ

ɮɨأ
µơ
һʫȫҹɫ֮У¹һĨĺۼ
ɮҲû򡣵¹䣬һˮϥڻԣһֳڴϣŷһ˼ӡ
ңϥϣƺѾ˯ˡĻӳˮһһ·һ˵ĺŲˮȻ̧ͷһۿҶС죬б¶ϲ
ʱɫѾˣˮ貢ûеǰȥһȺɷһСˣǶšһ·Ŀͬʹ࣬ʹҶСȫΣҶСȥ
ңңСˡңң
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ҶС㣬߽ЦţСˣңң˰ɣǳ㡣
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ˮ迴ҶСŵŮѣϲ¶ֵı飬Ȼ̸ʵ׵ʱ򡣴ҵȷѾꤣ˳ؽӹ㣬ҶСҵϪȥʰһ¡
ҶСڵϹģʲôʰģֱùӴˣڻϿɣһ죬Ҳˡ
ҶС˵ţڻȻȱ˵ʲôһۣѾ޶ˡҶСֵص޶أΪƤԼȥ˰ɣ
ˮ軹û˵ңңȱ棺С磬޶ȥ׽ˡ
ҶСһһﻹô
ˮЦԭҲ֪ءʱ򣬸ԺתҲûע⣬ԺɼƤйˣٺͷ׽󡣡
ҶСЦѹ˵ʳΪ졯һûгԵģ˵ˣܶèˡ


13 ֮ʼ
ֵĴèޣŹֵĶ֮һˡʳĿҲϲԵʳȴȵޱȿɰʱŻ֪ʵèҲܡ
һڿɰСܹҧƽֻĳθЩƬȻͨʵûϲӿʳʱСľé顢Ƥܳԡ
Ϊè
һҶС˶ĵһӡƺܲģΪóģδóģΪģʵδزΪ޺ģȻ
㣬ҲҲʣֻ°֦һڻϣԭʼĳԷûΣζǺܿƮ˳ζһ֪ĸ׽ĸ޶Լ˳ڻԱߣͷǸεģңȫ޶¡
ҶС쿴޶ԲĶӣ
ҶСֵܣʵǡ̫ܳˡ
ͷŷ㣬Ŀбӡ
ҶСֵ㣬˳ԣеʣԣֻҲͰ뱥ͳʣԣðɣҸ񣬸Ǯ
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ܿˣδκϣôһҲޱȣζҲֻһ㣬˶úˣˮϸŮҪңͣ밴С㵱Ÿ߹Ů
ǳԵҶСҲֻ÷ٶȣңңԸ޺صǮ֪࣬øȳԣ̫ܳˣͺˣԡ
ҶСοңңͷǼңңˣЩ粻
ˮϸĵذңң̣ҶСҶ磬·ô£

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޶ңԱ۰Ͱ͵ؿţС˲û˼ǲģҶСˮ߿ƣСȥץǿõķ㡣
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ҶСŴͣβګګص㡭ǰǸǼС㣬ŲŲ𣿡
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ҶС쿴ʶļԳصܿɱǲǣʵҲûʲôëûʧ˳һ㶫˭ۣҰҵˡģʱҹɫ谵δؼǵҵģ˵Ϊ˶ӣǵѰң⼸쵱Щˡ
ѦˮʶżҶС쿴ȻЩжԹ޻ڵĸʵѾڲ֪°ķģҶСǰذѦˮļסӵС֣ȥ飬ȴȻѦˮЦ̵糺졣
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Ѧˮ衰һתԾؿһĨҹɫЩĺɫѸա
ҶСһȥҲһѦˮ˳Ծŭ˼ҶСһϽŭصôǱ˵׻ΪǣЦң
ҶС챳֣Ȼ˳ȥһңҶС챳ָ˼£ѽ࣬ˣǰָоˡ
Ѧˮ˫βԾؿҶСıӰþ˵

һƴϴһװ۸ϵ˺ܾûǳƴϷĲ£һҶС첽Ĵݵظո߸ãֻܳԵĿܡ
ƴЦЦصһһҹĸоôСֵܣʹӦǴ˵Ҫɡٸ참㣬ﰵı㣬㻹Щɱô
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Ѧˮ衢ңԼͬ°ͣƴǰ߰߹޶ĴɽȥĿģ˭
ƴϿҶСһ˴ҡɽȥɻԼ°֣ͣǵǮѹˣĶǮԷĪʲôΪ¶
Ա۵䣬ô죿
ƴһЦȥ


14 
ҶСһɽһСԵ꣬ƴϺһβ
ƹѵһƣҪڿ죬û˵ʱһʰһڣ漰ʱɨ˾Ʋ˼ʱһ䣬㶯ܾͶһ̳ơ೴ˡ
˵ҪһһһүҲ̲ʲôˣ˵绰ͻɣиֻһھǻٻҵﵱơ
ҶС켱æһתŲ̫ɾߣȥǼҡ
ƹָǸĻƵƣÿ˲ǡϽӣ
ѵƣƹĿ첽׷ţҶСѴߵһСԵſڡҵƹһɫֲ̺֣ϵһͷϴһ˶ǫкš׷ƹ㬵˻ȥ
ҶСƹ㡣
ƹæӦˣȥ·Ը
ƴüͷһ壬Ǯ鷸ˣ֮ǰϵġ
Աò䣬ҿ͵ġǮαһ˰
͵ģƴһתϴ
˲٣ڽߵúһ˫۾ʱѲңĳ˴Żǹ£Ǿͻ᲻ɫؿ£ȥʱһͭǮԱ۵
ƴ۾һӭȥֵԱ⣬簡
硣
λԱ飬һƴϣæЦݿػվס˵Ц䣬ԱߺһɮвԱϽЩǮϹϾطŽɮ˲ڣ˫ֺʲơӷ𡱡
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ƴæȣӳɼҵԱ⻹õűӣ֮ʿһԣֺαضҪء
βںԱ˼ͺԱ˵üͷ΢΢һ壬Ѳű߿ƴϺͺԱִڨ䣬ֵ漴׷ˣȵôĵӣٴǱĴˣҲҴ⡣
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͵һۣˣү롭
ƴϵȥϵǮ͵⣬ǻʣһģԺǾͲںػˣ

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ƴϡ͡һץǸʲôүҶ췢ˣ㵱ѵηô˵ϻȥ
һ͵ǣүԸġС͵ǮϷү
ƴϰһӣص͵Ǯ͵ˡֻҪһ㣬Ĳʣ
С͵ӦĶҶСһˡҶСȫһ˳԰ͣȥûԷĸ޶һֵĸ޶ƨƨߵظҶСĺ棬ҲԼĳԷֻܽ
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ҶСҴӹ֣Ⱥɲĵؽ׷ţãƴϺǸ粻֪˦ĶȥˡҶСܵý֮ʣǰջȻ߳һȺ
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ʱһȺѾ׷ǰһȺסҶС죬ϴסǸҹǱҡ󸹬Է͵Ǯ͵·С
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չһ⻰Ȼɫ䣡
͵Ǯ͵·⵹һǶȽڡ󸹬ԷΪʲôǸ硣չͶô״ĴǵȼҵЩģⷬʱԼֱƭˣҹǷɿɣ¶Ǽٵġ
չŭɶСӣƭң
ƻһǺॡһǱʣǰȻһָͼҶСʮɿ⣬ڱȣȥ
׷չһ£ʮҴ󺺵ʱ׷ɱҶСӪ

ة粢ŵĴСǼæ·վһһǡ
ةЦľգҲҪӣĳ룬ɲѡ
ƤЦⲻЦصةˣֻ̫ʹ֪һͺãαͶةݡ
˵ŻſڣشܽһӰ켱˵ƵģشŴةһס㡭ôʲô
ҶСһַźһָؿڣصҡˣ


15 ¹
ףةΨұһ͵ؿվǰҶС죬·עǹͬĹŵӡ
˵صˣǱصЩ䲻÷Ͼų͢ƽʱǶţԲŲʣҲ鷳ֱӳײãսľǳ͢Ȩˡ
˲ûУȴҲࡣ٣ûΪôһСϲҪ鷳ҶСӽú׷ȥ
ҶСԸð䰬ʷةҲȥ븮ˣϰضã̫ү磬ʼ조ʷļƻ
ƴһϮۡҶСһ֣һ׹ٷһһֻƣһûϵĻϣôϵĴϣհǱظոոεİ㰬ʷˡ
ҶСһүС񡭡
ةЦеصϷҪȫףҪʱ̶ԼǰʷǸҶСɡҪԳ¹١
ҶСεصǣˣ¹١ãݸνͰ
ʷ;ɽٵƴʷߣȫѳְʷɽʱΪһȣʷжͼýô
ҶСһۣĵ˱ϹһҪ֣һϹ˵۶գ
ةֵ˵ĺã˵ȱʹˣӣ͵ȥɣģǵʹġ
ҶСаޣҪˡ
ֻ£ҶСҲ޿κΣֵֻ¹ڱס죬в˼ҡ¹һΣΰ֮ٲҪͷ¶棬һϳ¹٣񲻴
ة㲻õġʷ·ǿ˾⣬ʹ˼ʹ֮Ȳñ΢˽ã̽飬˽Ȿ״һг˱
ϽӿڵգáѲ˾˰˾ȸ𶼻ȫϣΪƣ˵ʷ˱֮ҪٱΰڰַΪǺǣһЩ̿Ͳ֪㻹š
⻰λǴҶСһǣطļȷˡ
֪ҶС⻰ִùģæģȻǲѲ˾ҲкǶϡƽԻ˱ûΣյġ
ة΢Ц룺ȻԽԽãһгһʱ򣬲Ÿû˻ɡ㰬ʷļˣô֪ʷ¼ҵҲɣܲԵ޹ʵĻһֵѯʱذʷǷ뻭˳һ°ɡ

˵ҲɣҶС԰ʷݸոںǳر㷢һ׮䶯ݵѪλ·ҵḷ́ʮ߿ڱɱнⱻ٣Ϣһǭ𶯡
λ̽ιݼλپοʹĴ˾ϵУѪ󣬹ݼλοʹʹ˾´ϼֵݲʹ˾ҲٹϽļ´ͬ
ҶСκĵһ׮񣬾ǴŲִ߽̽˰йصһϢ

أһլԺ
Ũǣһ鿽߻谵
˸˷ڳ࣬еਲ裬еĵصָѹüͣ³˱ˡȻһǺܸߣȴһּΡо˴˳
˲ʲôͬһʱע⵽ĵ˸վ֡ߵͷѹѹȥ˲ŷֱ
ڴͷ֮ˣĿڻ谵֮Уֻһ˫۾ͬޣĹöңﾲֻ֮żײ
˵һЦҵˣֽſɸɾô
׵һ˹ϴģĺܸɾ³֮ȰѶˣָأ߶˼죬ػؼŻûܶǵҡ
Ҳ˵ϴҲ̫ˡôЩڹϿһֱβɾװ׵ˣٸȻɣҲֻܻɵͬ·ľȥôỳɵͷϡ
ϴһۣصţ£ȻǷĵġô꣬ǻû©һҲᡣýʱҪС޴
˶٣Цˣֶɣ仰ǴЦ˵ģ仰һڣбµ϶¶Цݣ˺ͺҲݶˡ
ЦϹذɡϴɣֵƽʣµ߳ɡ
˵磬ôֻ֣ǲʰ
üͷһʲô˼
ϴƽص˵
ϴɣֵǵȻûƽ֣ǶʮϻˣʱףⶼʮȥˣЩأҲñˡ
ϴ΢΢һЦ䷨޲ɱ䡣ǣôźʣ˵˵ĵɡ
ǷǷӣǣϴ󣬶ʮǰֵܶճֵµ࣬Щ죬ҲûɶʮֵебֵµԽԽࡣеȴǺ޽չɽˡ
һҳҲǲһģȴҪ֣֡ͬһǮЩÿ˶ֵܷһʣһЩһ̯ɾûʣʲôˡ
ϴĿ΢΢һţеֵ꣬ⱼɡҲ֪Щ꣬׳죬ڱ϶ǿһֹǾɣֻһɣɸ㡣
ȻֱˣϴװɡǶϴһִˣܵʲôʱǵϴ磬СܴӴǶֳɡ
ϴֹ̧΢Ц϶ֵµ˵Щάôһ̯ҲףѵǶ֣˵ϴģЩҲеɽ˼ˣⱼȫ㣬Ӧõġ
ɵ⡭
ϴô˰ɣ
æֵǡʹлˡ
ϴ΢Цļһˣֵܣʲô
ϴ˵ţϵֱһǡһһźҡ죬ۣؿпȴһ仰Ҳ˵
ϴ֣صں÷ˡ
ֱصϴǰһ㣬ͷصؿڳϡ


16 ټƷ
ҶСӦð䰬ʷĵڶ죬һϰóƤĺعԱĵЯһ㷺ʷεϢ֪ڳſ˸ʾ
ҶСʽͳ졢׳۵ĵʷˣةֱ¡˵ճöõĹԱǼĸһ֪ʷǸٻ
ǵҶС첢˽õأةƴϵ߰λʷ¶ӡͬʱԭΪͷѭҲҶСߣĸ֡
ѭŵĵܵܣȻʫ˼ңȴǲѧѱŽϡʷԶûٵĻᣬżмٵļСǣϣȻãȴҲǸᡣ
κأѭĽ綼ֻǸܣĻٵĻᡣѭҲΨгԺζģһʼʱ֪ػѶʧֻԼ鷳֪ˡ
ҶСƴרŸġ򡱺ѭרŰ鷳ġұۡʼںصĵʷġ
ҶСԼֻǸðĹ٣мˡͬꡢʦ̫̫ϵԼûкֵһò㵱öõйԱһͬԶðȥҲǲܵġ
ҶС첻ة԰ʷ֮жϣʷ֮ıƺةȴƫ˵ıɱةжȷأƾʲôյն
ʷֻһ⣬عԱҲһ㣬ôԼð䰬ʷ¾һıˣҶС²Ĵ㣬ȴƲǶԼһûġ
ҶСû뵽ǾȻҪ֡ʱöϾۼ˼صĹԱĸٵĸ޼ɵ԰ɱҲúң
ҶСȻ͹˺عԱĵⲢǰӴĹԱǾ٣Щٻ̰թӽ£ɻЩЩطһ޷졣
ҶСγֵ̲С˵ҪİĻвϵӦҪһвϳɳлվʳˡ
ҶСȥʩ̽ġ
ʩУꡱдƹڸضһĴں԰ɢʱ䡣ҶСѾȥһˣʬ̧ãһ˵Ǻܱ
ʩȻˣ˾㶼ƲҲû˿ʧͬطѪͬû֪ءة˴һһѪɷܵأǾ鷳ˡ
ʩΪһӰĴͻȻԼҵĺ԰ȻѪţ㼫䶯İӣҪģΣҪϱһ
֪ΪӡȻͷöةΪΰĹٶͬԴ¶ǲȥ鰸ʰֻܽҶСϡҶСٵʷǼٵģںذпģܰһߡ
ҶСȥʬ壬ֳǴȥʩ߷ãѯϸڣݷʩƹϵеһЩѡ
ҶСһȺ죬ǰ·һȺΧ£ǶֵطѪطɱ󰸵Ĺؼʱ̣ǲսߺȣʷ˳У˵Ȼرܡ
ۼЩмİգһشľµֵܣǴݵľǲرܣЩнˮǷѲ˾ǲľµ˲ҵկ˵ﲻõĹֻᵱţŴ˴ӵ߹ȥһΧ·ߵȺȴˡ
λµʷô磿ҶӰ
Щ棬漴Ȼٻѡ
׮ѪȻݹٳʹ˾͸λ˾ȺָʾͻȻɱ˭Ըʱ¡
ͼ·վһֲ꣬Ǹɽ꣬ӡȻУǶһվȴһݲ
ҶСϳˣǵ˵֣Ʒɡ
ƽͷһؿó㣬˻ʱϣҲֻһ棬ܻ۶ԸǿԵף¡
ҶС΢Ц˹ȥֻҶСĿͱ˻ƷɵĽ¡ƷɵĽ·żֻֹֻھֻҰãЩﵹϡ棬ҶСעֻſڻƷɽµİͻ
һͷͻͷԲִ̣֫ڵأĻβ࣬ȫȻɫɫƵƤë΢΢⣬ͷһ˶֡
ҶС첻¶ȵɫ쿴ʱֻԷǸһɽϪв򣬿û뵽˾ȻһԻĸ֡
㡭ǡƷɷϳҶС죬ҶС˿һۣǰӵģˣƷһʱȷϡų΢Ծִ٣εȻˣҲһλǰġ²ģҪεȵֻһɽĺӡ
ҶСЦ̼֮ģ㲻ϵ𣿡
ƷɾȻ㣡㡭ô
ҶСôʵǱصʷ֮Ϊ˽ⱾصΣǼ΢˽ã뱻͵ҵ̲䵽ǲء
ƷɻȻԭˣԭ㡭Ű񹫲λˡ
ҶСЦ㲻þнҵҵѣ֮䣬ǹٳеݡ
ƴŶ䣬ȮƵһţҶСû˵ʲôĻȴͷһɽԻڨݣƴǰˣۿʱҲˣǻȥ
죡˵ֵ죬ʶ
ҶСɫһƴϺɫҲ֮ǰЩڣҶСҲû棬ʷģҪƨˣС˿ʲô
ƴɫһ䣬ȴ޿κΣֻƤӷ˵һߡ
һѭЦصأûû£
ƴϺ޺޵صһۣ֪ҶС쿴˳ۣȴ¶ˡ
ѭҶС촦üãõǽ춼ò˼顣
ûУƫŽǱ̫ү˭еĿˡϧĿɽҲȨƵĿܣٻûʣ꣬˭á
ȻҶСȴǱϹϾΪ̫үСӣѭȻ֪ҶСݵģοҶСǵʷҲδذͽᣬةʵȨĹٶһƫƫһҶСôȷʵ˷ѽ⡣
֪ذҶСڣȻ֪ѭ̬ȣʼȥúլ̽ʱؼҶСġáҶˮ衣
ҶСѵƴϣعͷɫضԻƷɵƷֵܣһйͲ˵ˡ
ãߣ
ƷɵЩǺ죬һλʷ˸ֵܣصɽһ˵ǽд峤Ľޱȵ顣һ侲ĻƷҲЩסˡ
ҶСתҪߣƷɳ嶯֮£ѿڵҲͷͻǮȢϱˡʱҵϲơ
Ʒ仰˵꣬Ͼͺˣ˼ʲôݣ䣬˼ҵˣ
ҶСվסŲЦҪд磬дˣҿɲȥ
Ʒɵ͵ͨ죬۾ȴų磡
ҶСͷ׵죬һ
ҶС֣תҪߣһУţ


17 Ժ֮
һٴеذγҶСȻͼһʿվһ̨˻ߵظߺš
ҶСԼôЩ죬һʱȴ벻ʱƴϾеѵѧʲôˣ
ҶСǰǸԺѧվ̨ϡ߸衱ѧѵš
ҶСӭȥһֱΪҶС찰ǰѭͷʵʷڴˣѵѧʲô鷳ˣ콲
ŵã죡ȥֹǣߴˣִˣһδ伤ҡ
ƴһȾѧܣһһߺʷɶЩСڣѽ
ҶСְڣȴҲѲãֻøƴܽѧ
ѧǳ͢ѧȴһҪù졣Ժ˵Աٺ»Ƿѧ͸ˡѧǿʿ޽ģȥβɡ
˵һѧӦһѵƽϰһʦز㣬͹һƽϰѵżƽϰֻϰ
ҶС˳ѧ󣬻ѵص죬ںᡣ
һȺ˹չԺϾһﴫԺվĸˣѧϰʮͣһѮ£һѧԱƷ
Ų˻عͷҶСһ۾ͿǸֶ֮ɫģвɾһԭѧ
ҶСǰڻʱλѧչİĽ첮ġ첮ûϳʱҶСؤҲǿĶȥ࿴
ҶСʱҲ˲칫ӣŻźƴܽãͼټһѾãš鱾īȫֽѩƬһ㡣
ѧ͹վڽ̨ϴ˻ˣס֣ͳͳס֣ӰҰһȺӣѳɴϷ̫ʧˣϷʧ͸
ڴض㣬һܽһȺ죬ϲ죬ֿǡ
ЩѧӶǸɽвֶܱصһЩֶΪȥѧ·ԶЩҲںѧͶЩҰӲںʲôʦϡ
Ϊݣʦƽ򲻵áã֮䷢ͻʱֵǳ⣬Ҫˣмɥǿɳе
ƴһЩࡢ죬ս漤ޱȣҿѧﲻǴ粻֪¶ˣߺȵס֣ͳͳס֣
ƴϺȴǰЩҲѧۿЩѧ׺ˣнˮܰʱˣƴ
ҶСͷһؿȫУ浱̾ΪֹһȻһĻ澰ټһãеļƷˣһǺȻһ鰸
鰸ϥһӣһܿӣȻһ⣬Ϊο࣬ԲԵ׸һýζ
߾źɱȭīɣӾȻڵ˰鷿ʱʱ¶һ˿ĵ΢ЦǰһУԷ·ơ
ҶС찵Ծȣ˵Ľ̲ã뾹һգ
ƴٲƴҶСðƻȻûǰЩҰ˴򽻵ƻƵģǽ߶ȥ
һ·鱾īɫֽУҶС·̤ѩУߵֲ;ߣͷһȻʧЦӿǲ٣вͼͼʽ𹳡㣬Щʲôݿ֪
˽͡Щڶ͵ͼֹ˫սҶС߶£̽ͷζؿֻƬ̣պպĭһҳҶС켱æ㷭
ҵţ
ӸûԱ߶һˣҶСһһֻ䡰ҵѽҲ֪ĶĿܽ˸оֵֹġӶҶС죬صÿɣǹ±
飬ҶСҫǸƣҶСͯʱ飬õʲôϣʱģҶСЦҳ⸱ģ㻹ýȥ
ӵǾҪǲܣ˹¡һȺ޷Ķ棬ǵ¸ǾӴɹҲûɲǣǸʲôģǹ٣
ҶСʼ̶֥Ĺٶ˵ȥֵһᡣաҰͺáʲô֣
ӵҽԶִࡣ곤Ҵͺá
ҶСࣿ޴ࣿ
ӵ֮Ҳҵ˵ּ˺ͨǰ;ޡͷĻҲˣһ˼Ҷƾ٣㿴ǶôҶ˹٣ʲôͨϵʹɣèɶǽУҾˡ
Ӳ˵ѣһ˵ӣϲҶСʵ˵ѧͶĶɽвֶȴ֪ĸ죿
ͦŵ㿴ҵĳ࣬׻֮ôǲˣҵٴǱˡҲѧԱֻҵһҶ飬˴ʵǮ轨ѧҾͱ
ҵǮͲ֪ôΪѧ˺ôһǮѧУһͷʹˣ˵𣿶㿴ĸ˵ӣ
˵ǰһָǡиͬѧסһѧֳһ̨Ҫң仰ʱŭȵ˵˭
ӰһȻվȻȵҲǲƽʱȥģ˵ˣҾôһ˵ֲָ˭㼱ʲôϣ
˵ƽʱȥģ˭ȥˣôͲ˵㲻ҪΪ۸ҡѧӻǮģ㲻֪жҲͰˣҲꣿ
һվԵĸߣټϹǼܹһ⣬Բľͬѧȴη壬Ӿ꣬Σ
һƣ⿴ݵƽɽ¡һˤõذһơǿ׳һˣͷĿϺӾŷɣǿиɣ˲
ӱһƵڵأˤͷۻҡҡͷѹͼҶС׷ʵ֣ȻԶôкٴأ
Ƕ㵱𣿷ҲҲҲҵӡޣҵպ飬ֻҵ׸޼ҵİȻ׸޼ңҵȻա
ҶСҪȥʩ̽ã֮ҪȥݷúٴΪٴʩǼҪõѣҶСǶһʩǷʲôˣҶСȻҪһ£ȥΣֻ⸱ģΪʷߡа취ס𣿡
޴صкѣ㿴ҵģ˵հȻվ


18 
ӵذ͵سһͼĶƤѸ漴͵һգŶȻ¡һĴ쳹Ⱥ˵ȫҷϣ
˽͡ѵѭǴСеģ˵û޴һټÿռ伫㣬ЧҶСվֻֽĤˡһǰֽƬƺһ¡
źɱͣѧеӣеţеű˵죬еʹժҡȴʹ˶ƵĶ
Ȼģе˶Ťͷת޴࣬ɫơ
Ȼ壬˿һޡһĭЦص⸱ԣҪưԡͳһ˾үҲһϮĿøһܣ¶ˣ
ॣ
ΰʶһأеѧһȺŭ˵ż硢ϢݵΧҶСƲʹλλ󷨣ʹ˰ȫ롣
Цǣһ׵ģ˳ʱǼҴ˵ʲôôôܴ仨Ҫ˵ʹӺ磬Ƶܣô˼𣿰
˼ʻͰֱ͵һӣ˭Ҳ˭ǾʹֵģԼ֮ڻƴһ޴ൽʱȥ֤ô˭ҪˣھԷͷϴǾͲôˣ
һܵ˭ûְ˭뵱ǰ˭˭ǲԼͬվס˽Ų࿴ͬضԴãǾ֮󣬻ƴϼɢ
һЦⲻͽˣǴھɢ˰ɣú֮ϵǹƴһ£ڴ
ҶС죺
ƨɣתߵԼԣһͣʹͳһһ棬ֵضҶС߰ɡ
ҶСĿɿڴؿ޴ʩʩȻſȥ׷ȥ
˽ӭüĽصʷ㿴⡭
ҶС첻ͷذڰֵ֮ŴϽ취ǽѧǰ̸ģǾǰӡ˺ˣٻиҪҪæһ
˽ͻ˵ҶСѾ׷Ŵȥˡ˳ֵǰؼңϵĻϲڴϣ˸߲ңƵġ
ҶСʾƴϡѭ˸ں棬Լ첽׷޴࣬˵డⷨӲаòƽ˳ͻʵȴǻϽ֮ͣٴô죿
ܾȵؿһֲۣ֤˭ĵǻǲйƨ£
ҶСȻҪˣͲǼ鷳ǿɶɽвǵֶ
ҪȣǵĸΪʲôҪҵ鷳ֻǸһܺĽ鰡ûǴӦһҪϻƴ֤أһǮͶգͼʲô
ҪˣҲԩͷծ˭ɵ˭ȥѽǵļôܻҵ鷳أ˵λ磬Ӻ󲻴
ҶСͷеΣôܻأ˵׷Ȼ뾩ͬʵӦ˱˵ֹ˼ά
࿴һŹֵȻŶˣǵٵģ¶ܡɵøϽ취ˣҪȻҪиˣ˾һ鷳͢Щ̶ͷһ򰲸ٰģû׼㱳ڹƽϢŭ
һ֮ƴϺѧɶԾӣȫûʶԼĹؼãҶС쵣
ҶСЦãתһ룺԰ֲĵʷǱѼϼܣѵ浱ԼǹˣҪֳ鷳˰չְְð߲ˡ
ҶСתΪϲе̫еˣ¼ȻˣҲò棬֮󡭡ʱةȫ֪ˣǲľˣҺαض¡
ϲѹһ࣬ȻǸ׹٣Һ㣡Թ𻨸⣬ҼҳģռãĹ𻨸ڼҵԵ¶ܣֻ𻨸⣬ǺҲŲԡ
һ˵һڴѧƷͨʿ۷ƣֻǱҪͷñ·϶ڷĿڴΪ˷ѧ
ҵţôء
ڴһץһ̵ĲߣԱߵҶСһæȴ޾ɫץС¿˿Ȼһ׽Ūңһطֻܽȥرˣ֪»ǻЩʲôڴ
ҶС죺
ժһѱȰƻЩС߸ϻһۣ߳ٿز֣ѵһңָ߸һ࣬һöߵҶСһݣص𻨸ⱻ͵ˣߵɡ
ҶС쿴Ѫܡͷҡø˹Ƶģ
ʧǺö治ԣԼม
߶·ϣϲ̵ذߵԼͣ˵ⶫʪĿⶾȥǼõĲƷءԵʱֻ̡ܽȻܡ࡭
ҶС쿴̽ʵˣ
ʹҡҡͷæҵץϵˮң򿪸Ӻݺݹ˼ڣſҶСղЩߵˡ
ҶС죺
·߹һСǸȹ磬ҶС޴಻ԼͬŤͷȥ˼һԲµĴȺݺһջĿʱĿһʱϧ֮С
ҶСһɽǰһ
޴ͬУֻԶۣɡ
ҶС쾴ص˵ĺã˿ԷǾӡ
ҡͷҲҲǴ಻ԸʵǴ಻ң
ҶС˻
޴ѹɤҶС֪𣿾˵ɽ˶ǻ¹Ƶġ洫һǳ棬Ǻ˵ĵ֮࣬ҪǺŮһ˹ƣǾʹˡ
ҶСĶ
֮治СǧҪΪʲô֪ףҺѧǮУϧ˵ǲĴۣѹ⴫ġ
ҶС첻ΪȻصշǽҪȻǲͳưˣ˵ҲȻп֮ôǮ㲻Ҳܸһˣѧʲô
˵ܡʵѧҲֻ࣬ѧһƨơͺá
ҶСȻƨƣ仹ֹôѧã
ȻܣƨƾһеġֻҪѧ˷ƨƣ¸ͬѧŸݡȻ˼ΣͬѧҲ˼ϿΡѧˣҾҲѧˡ
ҶС죺
࿴ҶС죺ô
ҶС죺ֵıԶǣ
Ȼ̾ãϧѧ
ҶС죺


19 ˻
ôõĶᣬȴ
ҶС첻ԼСʱ򣬵ĵʱͳȥΣ벻ϯʦΪȰµĻЩʱʱؽϼ֡λôõĻᣬȴ뾡취ѧ
¸ĸš
ҶСĵ̾Ϣһʵˣ࣬ЩͬѧΪδܣ
˵Թ˽ˡ
ҶСֵص˽ʲôˣ
˽ͽǡ񡯡˵ȻشССʮ壬ͬķϰ߸ͬЩĻ׾͹ŹЩŮ޸˾˵ģŮ˶ϱģֶ׵ģŮ޸Сӵģü޵ͬһȴĸֶϱģѽҵúܣһʱҲ˵塣
ҶСЦѾ˵ĺˡ
̯̯֣Щûֻ׵ĲӵܣͳЦд˻׵Ĳӵ֪֮ܲͬ١ЩЦĲӵưոݣԾʹ
ҶСֱͷϸ룬Ҫȥ治֪֡㳰ЦǷ˼ҵĴɣ»治ˡ
һ̧ͷϲˣ
ҶС̧һͼһѮµСˣһɫȹźɫխȼףȼ촦ĻѾĥķˣȹҲϴЩʧȥɫȻźЩ⸾мɫҲܵ壬ؾ󷽡
ԶԶؿ޴࣬ǿһʳеС˸Ͻ첽ӭǰรһүô뿪ѧˣҪүָˡ
ذֵ²µģҽλ١ǵʷǰɣλʷȥҵҪ̸ģôأҲҪ
ΪѵصɡūѾү˷
£˳԰ɣ㱾͸˷һ˳ԲˡϣһԣŻҲûʲôҪ¡
ǣūҸˡ
޴񣬼ҶС޴ͬУ΢΢һҶССţеĸ˱Ӱһۣ޴㷽ԣС˵ɷѧ£ѧİ﹤
ЦҲҲҲѧԱѧΨһһ״Աܵý͡ѵأ˵ҺܿһˣǴɡ
ɷ첮ģǸѧգƳּңԼҾѧֳǷȫٳ֣ǮҺڹ顣𻨸ĺãҼȴǺùڽͷͷ¶档
治֪ʲôõģҾζͬƫζҪҲôϲ飬ҵ֪ж໶ϲҲͲҺˡ
ҶСЦʵѾܰˣ첮ĻҪաϴ˴ս㻹Ա˵ض飿
޴˺ٺٵЦҶСҲЦˣЦݸոոգͻһ첮ĵӣСħŮ첮ԵһͿǰӵͷСȻһи֮벻
ҶСɲ֪չ첮һ飬˽ĵϸŮ첮ĵļָء˵عŹֵϰ̫࣬Գ⣬Ҳûж롣
޴ǰһָصҼҵˣҵͿ͡
ҶСʱһ㶣ȥʩҵģһ·ΪŪ˼ЩңȻ˺ԱҡɣҪѯһģȰݷúԱҲһ
ҶС춨һͼשܬءǽߣɵһ¥һǴ֮ҡǰм˲ңһλͭǮԱ۵ˣһ˹ֵ
˵һԱ⹰һ֣뿪ˡԱת޴࣬ϵЦݶʱһֻ۾޴ǳϵѵ⣬˵гɣϵһɣЩ
ӣŲҶСǰ档ԱɫƵصԼӣۼԽԽԱȴͻȻɫһ䣬Цӭ˹
ҶСҪ񣬼ԱģЩɣĵλԱĪϳǵʷ
ȴǺԱ˴һλҰɮ˫ֺʲһȻϽЩǮϹϾطŽղڣɮٶʩ񣬿дʵӷ𣬰ӷ𡣡
Ұɮ꣬ͷϰ糤ͷûн̣ϴһϮõɮۣһ˫âЬһвһַȡò׶񣬿һ˵ʡ
ŤͷҶСҵ÷𣬵ɮ£ضʩһмٺУȱǮʱҵǰơһôһ۾ͿǼٻˣҵȻϵûǸأʲô
ҶС¿ۣ΢Ц䴩Ա۷ֺѧֻһֱѧǶЩġǺǣȷʵô
ŵص꣬ҿɵѵģҵǰҪ˵
Ҵ䣬Цӭǰȥȵػ
Ա˫ֺʲҰɮһתŭ棬Ҳ˵ȵƨӲСôʱ뿪ѧˣ
ǵģ˵
ԱָıӺȵ˵ʲôһıķı鱾ֽţĵǸӣ㾿ùûУղʹ˽ͣ˵ϸµСֽ˰׾
๣Ųӵǵģҳ˽Ĺ𻨸⣬⻵ˣֶӣԲ˿ԡⲻڼѾרŹһ𻨸ĳҾҲûֹˡ
Ա÷裬ûֹӣûֹӣ㡭ѧҵûأСʱûֽ׾أ
գգ۾ԺԱ»ûء
ϴôһҶСѾκþˣ֪ϵ
ҶСͬؿźԱⷢͲ촽ͼԱ˰ΣŵһƨѶӶŲˡҿûԾ
˵ղȴӦԱһ̹ȻôͲأƭôĻû
Ļû˵꣬ͻȻֹɴۿͳĶҶСһ亹ˢһ¾ˣô󡭡һש
ԱŰשסˣһʱ벻ͨΪʲôһשѧҪֶѧֲǽ
࿴ǿשҲɵۣĵչҲҵķıʲôʱשͷģ϶ĸ쵰Ūңɡשͷ˶ˣҼǵϻشǰǰĪǴʱѧѧıľ
Աⲻĵ￴˿߿տյҲûκζˣԱʹشڴǿשһϾҪĵͷϵļƣڵʣʲô
գգ۾˲һãȻǡǡǡ
ҶСһԼٲ֣ֻ¾ҪɹҶСϿһ̤ǰ


20 
ҶСӵϵѾбһשͷӵԹưѪʡ£Ͻȼһ˵ԱϢŭذשʵв֮ɡ
ԱתһһλŵĹԱɫʵ֪λմ
ʱƴϺѭһಶϹڶԴҲ˵ֻһվҶСκصʷ㡣
Աܵع˹ֵŴ˵Ȯڲשͷвѵɣĳʵ⣿
ש
Ա죡ŲĻ
Աѵ˶һ䣬תҶС죬ֵ뽲
ҶСԱ֪ѧԱ֮䷢˿ڽǣ˫֡ٹ;оѧǰʱѧΨһֲ;רĶ飬ѧ֮ʵɼΰ
ҶСôĴɰԺһѣʶڻС˵ҶСֵ²ЩҲǲ
һ仰ҶСŤͷʵģƴϺЩǿ޴ս֮д䲻רĶĳģʲôȻ޴֪ҶСһʣǷ׷׵ͷ
ҶСЩѧֵʵڲ񻰣ս֮Ʒӵ鰸ķıۿҲҪ˴ˣֻúҳһשɱΧʱʮֽپβ
Աһ⻰ʱתŭΪϲĻϲؿ˶һۣϻοྐྵȻˣãúãΪһġడ㻹ҪŬСгɼβͣҪ佾꣬ùšˣ״Ԫ޼ҵοȫˣ֪𣿡
ڳһ̵ܽĹԶģͷǡ
ҶСԱ⣬ٽݷġ˵ԱʩʩƹǺѣʩƹԱһЩй飬֪Աɿϼ̣
ԱԭʷΪʩ͵ܵ룬뵽оЩˮ˵
ҶС߶ˡ
ԱҶСý˲裬һۿӱŸվһԣϰԵؾһüüͷ𣬺Ȼ뵽ӽϣȻʼˣɫ
ԱŻడȥ鷿ɡȻ֪̿ˣϾǰӣʱ⣬õ׷гͷصһ찡
Ŷǵ㰬ʷ˵ɣȥˡ
׹һתҶСʱ˼ָۣظȻһ£Χжʾ˸лȥ
Ա⵱ŶӵǺüĿģǿӱӰȴǴ飬飬ֱӵӰȫʧſڣ̾Ц⺢ӣ֪ˡ
תҶСϷôһӣеɸְеʷ˼Цˡ
ҶСǷЦ¸ĸһ˼Աȭȭ֮ģҲΪ֮ݡ
Ա΢ЦȮḸ׵һĲźãҲᡣʩ͵ĳҲǳģ֪ٸԴ˰ʲôհּ鰸οʩ͵֮顣
ҶСüʵڻûκɱɱƺͻ⣿вˡٸ֮ͷִ˵Ƶԣΰ֮޷ʩ׮ӣʵڲò졣
ԱһԲϰε𣬲ǴŷˣʱȴҲδҳʲôӡһͳ£ԭ̻֮عȻȻƫԶҲֻǹŷŨЩˡ
Ա̧ͷ룬˵ԭ˵صˣô˵⺷ңǰĺڡĳԭ˵ʱҲô롣ʵסͻ֪ˡ
Ա⺷Ҳ⺷඼мɵҲɲ̫¶ȻలˣͽСţƽ⡣ʵһطһط׷飬ڱȻڵɣɲشС֡
ȷ˵ĳȦӶˣһٷʮӵϯ˾ռߣͲʲôϡ棬һֳݳ޳棬ȻС֣ʷҵ˼𣿡
ҶСͷЩˡ
ԱԣνڳէйȻ˼飬ʵȴǱصһֳ̬ǡǡֳ̬άֱص̫ƽԣʩԱ֮
ҶСǷǱǰݷõԭ򣬲֪Ա֪ʩƹʲô𣿡
Ա˼Σҡͷδʩ͵˵˽Թƣôܺ˽ôĳ𣿡
ҶС쿴ƺЩԲԣΪ˽˶ԹΪǵ˱˵Ĳ·
Ա̽ѯʵ˵˼ǣ
ҶС˵ǱؼصͷŴ𣬻᲻֮¶˲·ԡ
Աҡͷ֪صûһϹģ̣ʩ͵ܵ˺Ŵͨԭصͨ·Ṇ̀Լ꣬صȫϢôܽ³Թ
ҶСŶԱʩƹƽָưǺܾõĽ˰ɣ
Աź룬Ȼǰʮǰϴ󺵣Ϊ˻ķĳʩ͵ܾ;ʶģһ˵أԴ»ҵνཻĪ档
ҶСԭԱʩƹʮĽ飬ʩƹ׮ܲ鵽һ˿¾ҪԩѩΪˡ
ԱɫЩ˫һ̧ƺлҪ˵ǳ嶯ֻһɲӲѹȥɫָƽҡͷĳʩ͵ǶѣⳡϵĻ飬ֵͬܰв˵ĵֻǡ
ҶСн񼣬ԱӦȷʵ֪ʲôȴ˼ɵӡҶСһ׵ƴϺѭ죬룺֪Ǽɵƴϻѭ죬ֻ߶էİҲŲʲʲôˡ
뵽ҶСȻˣǱȥ߷߷λʩƹǰѣܷҵʲôԱ⣬ˡ
úúãʷߡ
ԱͣЩεģȻܻΣѸȥΣǱҶС쿴УҶС룺Աһ֪Щʲôֻ˼ɣ¶
Ϊһʱ׼һ·ðʷҶСưʵڲǿдһʣ뿪˺鸮Ա͵ոջȥƴϾʹ˵صˣǲǱҪȥʩҵôô鸮ˣ
ҶС컹û˵ѭѾѵȲѵҪ׼ûйأ
ƴϵһֺˣ֪ҶСǸٵʷƫƫáѭѵƴϣͷضҶСˣʩȥ룬㡣
ѭԴ򿴼Ѧˮ裬ͰҶС쵱ԼĴ˸磬Ϊ˴ﵽȡˮĿģҶСǷӭ΢һҶСͷͷǰ·ҶСӺ鸮Եһխﴩ˹ȥ
ǴС߳ʮ룬ǽ֮˺磬


21 㿷֮
ҶСؿڲ조ٴеտȥӦܿ졣Ψһ˲̫ǣȫǽ߶վţԼƲСм䡣
鸮߸ߵǽͷ̽һŴͷۣŷһ㣬ֻһӡҶСֻһۣŴ˻ȥһֻ̽˳Ƭ֮޴ǽͷһ˳ǽ⡣
ҶСһȺ˲ؿҪʲôѭյҶСߣССܳʲôĪʲôҪϢǣ
ҶСһ۵㾯Ƶġ
ѭЦޡ
ҶСЦɲޡ֮Уܵ죬ֻǽվסһӾͶɶԶȥ̸ܷ£ʲô񹦰
ѭڨڨЦ
ʱѾ˳ǽźã޴һֻ˶ƨͷȥܽʵһӻλƵģ˵λͬѧѹ
޴ŴյҶСߣЦеҾһ磬л㷽СһҪҵһˡ
ҶСЦõصΪ֮ͣҳݣҪͶ㷭ǽлɲأ㻹ǸϿȥɣСǽҪ㡣
޴üЦص᲻ᣬǰ˵Աʱķҿ飬ʱҲӰҿ飬ҽ鷿ʱ򣬲ҵǸͷˣûһҽġ
ҶСҡҡͷЦӳǼ̫ĺడ㲻ʧġ
޴ӿڴóһֽŵĹ𻨸⣬ǻؼ֮ոװģһ˺ֽһߵŬҵ£ŬΪѾǡ
ҶСһʲô
޴ѲǶӣҲӣв֮ͬѣƽʳ޴˵һţһ㣬һ𻨸ͽ͡
޴һ߷Ź𻨸⣬һߺضҶСҴСûѣҲûֵܡѧ֮ûѣҲûֵܡҺܺãĺܺãҪ㵱硣
ҶСЦԷǵص˵֮˳𣿰ʲôֵѽٻйأˣȥɡ
޴һץסߣҺĺͶԵġ
ҶСǵٵģһµٺ»ʵûмģݲţôһٺ»Ƿƴϡѭ켰һڲɣһͷ겻ѡ
ҶСôˣʵڸʲλҹӰ
޴ƶ֮ѵͲֵˣֵ֮ͨ壬ӼȻô࣬Ұҵÿ·ҵǮָһЩɺã
ҶСֵϵôֵܵǺ̵ܿġ
޴ж̣ҵ˵ֻҪǮ⣬ͲǴ⡣Сλ磬ƽʱҲ鷳㣬ʱʱذұϹŪһҵСÿТһӣô
ҶСȻҡҲ衮ֵܡʣ
޴ͷ
ԭˣ
ʮ
Ϊ嶷𣿡
ʮ
ֵ޼ۣ޼ۡ
ʮ
˵նͷݰӣ
ƴϡѭ켰һڲ죺
ҶС򵥵ʽٶͲͯӵֵܣļȵʵֵܣÿ¸㻨Ǯʮ𣿡
޴üЦصģ㻨ǮȻûʮģֻҪ˵顢ķıҵûǮֵǮҲʣķıõԽԽģԡٺ١
ҶСÿֻҪܿ۳ʮӾͺˣҪ̫֪㿴׳ּʵףɲɴִŵϰߡ
޴ͷмص۸ңûôңá
ƴϡѭ켰һڲ죺

ҶСغԸޱȵ޴ֵ޴֨֨ѽѽϸǽ˳ȥˣҶСʩмҸȥƴϵȼŹֵҶС޶á
޴ʮͣŴС̫ͥãͯδȻѾˣʵδҶСôȷʵе۸Сӵɡ
ҶСҲû취ǸܼҶС첻Ǯ⸱УҲһ֪ǮܵĶȥܸˣܼһˡ
ҶСȻߣûÿµǮҪ޷ģ粽ѽȻ޴ҶСҲֻȴ֮ˡ
ҶСʩ֮лûҵʲôͷʩҵ˳˿޿ҪٸưʩһҲʲôõϢ
ҶС첻ĺصʷȻڵְĲĶӣʵӣưҲѹĵʷȻں
ҶСЩûͷӬƵĵײǵûʲôԹԡ참ûжټƼֶνޣ˵ץﷸϾͨʺ̲ﷸ
ЩһӵĻɻЩչɫעϸ΢ڵı£ҶСһûǸҲǾ참ˣҪȥġ
һͨѰãʩһûͷۿɫ磬ڲҲ¶ƣɫƽҶСߡس֮йչһ֣һСȻһ߳ҶСѭһվס˽ŲһվסѭƴϵҲվסˡ
ԱһԺﴫǽֻ˸ߣԺؿԺΣԺһͷسһˣҶС춨һϵáɫŮ˵ѧԱ첮ģǱŮӾ
ҶС컹ǵ޴˵첮ĲƳּңȫ㣬飬Ļѷޣ˵ྴǣôȴģ
ԱһѮߣŹȣԺ΢΢ҡͷ̾ϢѡҶСһ߹ȥֵˣ֪⻧˼ҷʲô£ɷΪŹӣ
߼λˣ䲻þǸʲô٣ȴҲ̧̧ȣֻһ񣺡λˣҲʲôаǼͻݵһˣ޲ƵԴһҰ˴ÿֻæµǮңԼֲ赭ºʳعɷֻΪĶ顣ʱ޵˭֪ͻȻ䣬ÿնѰ£ӡ
̾˿ֵ˵ΪͻȻҪޣȴ֪ΪʲôԵʡκӶׯ磬֮߳ȫûдҪ޳ͬ⣬˺ųɣʱʱѡ
ʱﱻɷ׷ӽ˷ȥ첮Ĳģ׷ȥԴݣԺﵹһ°ҶСһ˵жʱѩһϰϷˡ
дͣЩи˵ӿĴȻ¸ҶСûйϵǵ֪ˣΣǲ̫á֮£ֲ๣ǹҲһ
ҶСеģƴصˣҶæһ죬ûȥЪϢ־ӼҹӴܰ£ǿɹܲˣҲùܡϧҲ÷ָط
ҶС첻֪һаڵһ¾ȼͷŤͷƴϣɫʼڣҶС⣬һֵ֪ܵ¿ԶҪˡƴϲ֪ڼ̱ؼ


22 ǭ֮¿
ҶСƴϣһһٵصôĲ˵ǲǣ
ƴϴŭ浱ԼǹˣȻƴϺŭ̧ͷһҶСбһδҶС췢𣬸ûйЩ
ҡҡ
ƴϲЩӣŸ˵ʲôҶСѾһ֣̽һץסķ٣ԴǰһԲһ⣺
ôеͬĳɲɣôвУô˵ʱвУôҪô·ɲɣ
һʷˣϽǰȰһ߽Ȱһ߽ӲܿҶСͬ˷ĻӣԲĲŸ첲ˣһͷתƴظ
ôб²ӵٶȥûô¾͹Թǰ͹Թ԰ӡôңӽһϻ
ƴѪԹصҶС죬ȥݺҶСһ١뵽ةƴһݣҶСüֵûʧ֮ǰةȻǲ۸һλʷġ
ߣһʱǸ֮ͽˡʱֽ㣡ƴ϶ݺݵţǵѪȻȥ
ѭЦǰСضҶСѽѽ˺οΪ˲ɵ֮ͬĺءƴ˾˵ҲûʲôˣҲˣαضأ۵ġ
ڲ죺
ҶСǧԶǣһ·˵ѰȴնأˮңЩ飬˴ҪȥǶƽĶͷȻֹۣҲѹֽ͵ǡ
ѹͷŻɽ緢ƴϵһǡǡйȫĵãƴϵһҶС󱬷ֱԭ
ҶС߷ߵһڣͿ˳ˣһոΪĻ쵰Ȼҫ֪أҲ˭
ҶСһ·߷Ȼ˶Ƶģһ˼ҪҶС쵱÷ѭȻһ·ͽȰһ˾ôá

ҶСһþͱ˴˶ãһãͼ֪ءةѧĹ˽Ͷ
˽Ͱ֪̾һľȻةüͷЩҶСһ
ҶСһΣ֪Ϊ֮ƴϵǳҶС쿴һ۹˽ͣĵϼһﵹҲް޴ĵĴȻȥȴҵĺ״֪Ҳʷµô
ҶСƴϷйһͨƽ͡˹˹֣Цˣλˣ֪Скμ̰˵ҲãҶСߵһԼ˱۾
֪εؿһۣةϴˣ˵ɡ
ة˾ҶСλʷֱ˾ֳȻ˵ʡةһʷסǰʷϣǶ֪ܣҲҪ¶ʵݡ
ҶСȻף˾Ϊ¶¹ټסˡû£¹ȥԡæµһ죬Щˡ
ةȵվסʷѵϹǰˣ¡
ֹ̧ةŭЦеضҶСʷѧԱ£ֹӦõġǷǱ䱾ĦȭƵ׼֮ɽϾսͲˡ
Ǻǣ㲻æŷϣûйϵպľҲĪϵǸΰģѵ˫Ĵ֣Ҫи̣˭Ҳﲻ𰡡
ҶСһ£Ǹλ˳źʰɡ¹١ʵǸʲô٣ǼλҲֻǸϹٸɱ͢ٵ֣ô
ة㲻ҪжΡھǵʷҪȡˣ͵ðԼʷ㲻ͷϹӶˡ
ҶС쵯˵ԼԴεصǡ˽͵ͣ˰
˽һŰ׺ӵǰҪ˵ͨôʣڲĦȭƵ׼֮ľޱ˵ںѣȭҺǶԸг֪£ҪȻͲ˾ôˣֻ¾Ҫս
ҶСЦô£ǲ£ǵļ峤Ҳô°ɣšżгżгˣ
ҶС۾һǼȻ±峤֪Ǿȥ֪ͨǼĳǵĳ棬ǻܴ
˵ҶСȻ޴࣬߻ޱȣΪѧ伫ǰǹԵèҶС첻¶һ˿Ц⡣
ةߵ˵סЩֻ̫òֶ飬㵱Ըֶ̳һȺ֮ҲĶˣ֪ѧôңԴΪɳûֶȥô죿
ҶСסˣû뵽ھǷΧѬ³ȻΪƷΨжߡЩɽв˵书һЩԵļɳһЩſĽܳӵܰɡ
ҶС֪ԼˣЩͷ룬ʵǸǺأ
ة˽Ȼȫ⣬ǻһУʱֻÿȥֹˡ
ҶСеңˣ֪֪Щ춼ʲôɫ
ةȻɲô죿
룬ʵڲеĻѲǶЩΣ
ة룬ͷ⵹Ǹ취ˣһ͡Ѳ֮䣬ϾѲ˾һ֮ȨѲ˾ͷҲȷʵǣǿһЩܾҲû취ʷȡ˵֮һѲ˾ɣѲú̸һ̸
ҶСΣֻӦðɣ¹پΪ
ʱóдһͣӸĴӡݸҶС졣ʱɫҶСҪȥѲ˾Ҳ˵պͱ㼴ǣȥԡϢˡ
ҶСߺ󣬹˽Ҳλ˸ǣһʱֻʣ»֪غġұۡˡ֪üܽպƴ֮ҿϣֻ¡
ةҲûиõİ취ˣһŲȽȥŪþһЬ׵ʺǲŲմ֡ңһҪ޼յģǳӣȫƵʷͷҲˡ
֪޿κε̾˿ڽ̸䣬ة㼴ǣִ֪˰Σתլ


23 ϲ
κһöһĹᣬһƷԱסЩᶼͳȦ÷Χ֮ڣԻֹϵа˾
ʵϵٶҪĻǰ취ֱʤһΧǽܷסʲôֻһֱĸѡ
ʽȻţ֮͢ǲһʿӵģʱҲǹһֹᣬ٣ȴҲǿةһָ߼ס
ةԼķӣԸסᣬĹһֱţøҶСסˡⴱةϣҶС˵ȴ㹻µģֻǻʸʹ˰ˡ
ҶСصסЩˮԡ£ԡͰСʱԡѱϻ·һȻ꣬һʵĿ־һ塣
ҶСԺˮνˮϷ·һ䣬صͽϴˮ˳ýԺӣˮһͬȥŻ˫Ьȡ˰ɡҴ߳ȥ
ةⴱúլԶһŶƽصȻǲͨģЩֻа뼶ĹԱҪĹʱһԭ˽ܣŶԴɾû
ҶСסͲǹصģҶСпţǿŵϲͷʶˣһҲ˵Ϳү˽ţɡضȥˡҶСת£ɡһţٲǰȥ
вԶתһɽ͵ˮңǵסһСԺ䡣Ժ֪طӵԺ仹һǽһĿռ䣬ںլ̺ǵľ
ҶСԻȥһ۾ͿѦˮңڿꡣżϣˮ˫ֳϥŷһԷױңҲһģһƣͬǴ˶ٶ͸һ紺СѾͷ̬ȴǽ˴ĵÿɰ
ôѶȵĶè޶˵ģҲżϣ˵ͻСǷһһżҲռ֮һֻǰצŸ񣬵ͷŶԿһİϷûɶȤ
ҶСŲһ죬Ŀĸ޵һ̧֣ͷһҶС죬޴ϲҶСæŴ˰ְӣȥʩʰ̫ûй̽ǡһҶС죬޶ϲ
ްѰһһӤĽ֫ŵأҶС컶ֵ˹ҶСû뵽ô˶׾ӣȻѸ٣һֲͱ޶Ұײײˡ
ѽ
޶ûоôкβԣҶСߣݺݵض£ͷСƵҪȥҶС졣
֡߿ѹˣ
ҶСڸҵؽţҶСرQţƨϰңһƣ޶ѹʹС
ĪشҶСңˮæҶСҶСߺص޶ôˣƽʱҲûôڰ
ˮЦ̫˰ɣ⼸ϿԺֻƺͿŶ³ϵôȣҲѧһЩϲ
ҶСż£ЦǾϲҿٴһЩôһQҵ߹Ǿ͵ñˡ
ңҶС߹Թ£ʵС磬æʲôأңңңˡ
ҶСͷϹһ£ЦҲѽһЩû취㡣
ˮҶСһ£ʣҵ뿪İ취ô
ҶСӡߵ뷨ֻˮ֪ңң£ΪС˵죬ûн
ҶСҲѹ쵽ܣȻǲµӦҲΪϤص·İɣм죬ҾȫϤˣֻڶҵļӻûзɣٳЩӣǷɾ˵
޶ѧŴǰӣһһĵģϧβ̫̣ûҡҡȥҶСżϣҲתȦȵĻᣬֻּŮ˵ıݣֻй߹ƨһŤżϼȻ񡭡
޶һԭżϵ˾ͼЩңңСӣûʲôףҶСˮ谤̫ˣȴɲһĸоһССĽӴ˼
ҶСᵽˮϺŵζżŲһӣϥͷʱķ˿õǣģҲģǰµˮ
ÿ˶һεഺȶεľֹ̬ˮ㺳ʱһġԶŮӳʱھһľŮҲԶһкʱ顣
ʱˣһֻ˲ιĶʦ֣ûԾĻϲȥĻϲֻǲܳûԣʵûζ֪ĺãȴ֪κãֻһΡ
ˮƺЩڣЩ£ûҲܸоõִʱʤ⾳׳֮С
Ȼ̧֣ޱߵķ˿ﱨˣ
ҶСţͨվ˷ŻȥǺǣȴҲȫ޺ôһӶա
ңңʵС磬ʲôӵİ
ҶСŻƺǰããƵصҼңסھӺͬһֱΪ̲֣Ϊ̲Ǹ̲µҲסһƬ
Ҽһȥһ˼ңһǹ֣һ汲һеģһСԺǾҵļҡ
ңң°ͣһã񲻳ĺԺǸʲôģҶСͬ˵ʱһ˫۾ȴʱˮ
ҶСϲľ΢ʱ¶ǽطϸµļϲС̰ʱؿߣϸ֫ΰǸһϮǳɫҶСҲóԲǺεȵꡣ
˾ôţҶСܸоõɢһ˿˿͸ǳʪĿݵԼϡ
Ѧˮ貢û˿ûŤͷȥܹҶС·ʨѲʱռеĶԵֻװ֪ǣԽԽ죬ҲԽԽ졣
飬һ
ҶСҲѧˮңһ°Ϳ꣬ĵĵ˵ҵϱÿ
úլһɫС¥˶ţˮڴİŽҶϣ߲߲Ȼĸо̫үڴǰһį
ŴһС£齱ߣ֫Ťϸ֫ĳ˻Բ˼ü·̧ͷɷһ̾Ϣа˸ԵİɣûԶ
˸ǻʱԭĳӣԲ߱صķˣһֻ԰˸ʳ
ҡҡͷЦһǸҶС춥ףȥְ֮ΣǽˡǲȥְȻҪؼȥةػôģҲҲʱǾͷ


24 Ů
ⳡȼ󻺣һҹݡ糿סѤõڰɽĲʺ磬ʺ罻ţһ߲ʵĹš
ҶСʰͣȥǰֵСԵպһڣͺѭ졢ƴ˴Ż֪صȥѲ졣ҶСûֱȥѲ˾ڰ·˼ģȥСҶĸҶס
ҶСǰΪð䰬ʷة˱ƵͶ·ʱûȥҶңΪҶСĶСҶҲǵöͬð䰬ʷĹԱ֮һ
ҶСҶԮ֮ȴΪԭѲΪͬصĹżԡһǰҿϵͲκμֵ
ѴӦð䰬㣬Ѳûκͻˡһ̶ϣѲ컹ҪȷԼ棬˵ϵǡʱҶСϣѲ챣ùϵΪشõ
ĳ˵ҶСðƻ˰ڲĿܣһȻ֪ضҪǿ
ڻ磬ةһֱžԵľ裬Ⱦָκһ£ΪӡһͻΧֱӽӴ±ߣܿܽİף̶ͬةȨ
ҶСٵʷûвǿԷİͳز׳Ȩ·ŸҶС졣ةҪݣЩذУĵʷ£Ȼ൱ȨΪߴ˸
ǵģҶСӴӦðʷһֱڴʱŻߵ̣ΣУΪûиҰġ
ʼѲʱ磬˵˿ȡҲСֻܸͤ̾ɷҲݵλ㲻ͬδ·ҲͲͬ
֪ð䰬ʷףںǸ鷳ҶС˵˳ӳȥˮġˮ죬˳ؾײݵҶСҰˡ
ˣݷѲ죬ȻεĲйأҲô˺Ѳʽ顣Ѳ˾רڹؽҪˣ˽СҶӴЩȻСҶߣСҶ˽ЩѲ˾迨ϢҲǺõġ
ҶҶС쵽úǾϲҶСһγֵʱһǰͭʵĹ·ͣȴҡһ˱صʷ˵ʮ鷳ҶСɴ֪Ǹ΢˽áɵԼĽˡ
Ҷ˵ҶСǱصʷԼĶͬţǻϲæھӼһСһѲ˾Ѷӻ޾Ʋ˿ˡ
СҶؼһǡʷˣвЩ棬ĸ˵ҶСڻս֮лؼҵˣСҶҶС̬Ȳ˼֡
ϯϣҶС˵⣬СҶǲüͷΣʷէ֪ΡЩ£ǻǲ˲͹ĺãЩ˾үǵֶݸС
Ҳ˵ȻҲҴ֮񣬿ǲ˰ۣڷϣҲԼһ׹ء˾ǿաסģɱˣǮ¡
֮䷢ʱҲǧϰףһɱļȥѰǣ賯͢ԤѲ˾ϰһԼĪ鷳
ȻҶСѾʼڳ˵ԭĲͬЩ飬ӽµҶСɾЩ˼顣
룬޴˵ҲǵµǣⳡΪ˽ͽЩǵֶһѧԱݣһиʲộǵļ岿᲻ûѳ͢ЩǷҪأ¶ִˡ
Ǻǡ
СҶһЦѽңӦةǶ˵ɣͲ룬¼ȻأΪʲôҪ⣬أ
ҶС컺ص㣬Ȼǵ̣ܳɹֹѧǶŹΪͷ˾۹Ȼٲһݹ͡ǵʧӣǾͿжΡ
СҶЩؿҶСһۣΪҶС첻ⱳĵءСҶȻˣֺαȳ£ֺαˮֲ˳Ȼ𣿡
ҶСİʷְڣСҶͲô˵ˣҶСð棬Դ˲ҲְأҶС֪ãҪ˽˽飬СҶЩ¶Ȳ͸ˡ
ҶС棺޴磬ҲᱳЩ߰ɡ˵ʵʵһֱڻģѪĴǷܵˣ£ʩԱɱǳɱ˭ץãץҲġ
ӹ˵ô£ùҹֱ׳˽˷˵Һһմ׶ʵģҲóʮֵľץ֡
ǻƴⳡսͬûءѾ£ҿԲȥǵĺ£ûз£ҲţҾǰףǾе˵ȥˣ˭˵ȥأ
ҶСԼؿڣ
СҶĿ⿴·ʶƵġ
ҶСЦЦ˵ҾðɣǵһײһӣҲײϼ²ǣЩ˵ôģҲܣ˽ģҿóĲЩǵֶںس¡ôָ޴磬һΪ޴һа취ԣˣ
СҶû˵ĬãƺΪԼעһһȻһ䣬֨֨ؽһʱ䣬һƬףͬƵƴϺѭҲһִЩ۹⿴ҶС죬ǹٵĹ٣Щجج˲С𺳡
˺һϥףһֱֻǺСƣЦ˵Ҷ￪ˣСҶǸ˼ңǸ˵ЩɶﲻﲻٵЩƵ¶ţЩ˾үǼҵСүֱŤȺܣǰɣ
˵⵱ٶĶǣ͢׶Ըǣ޼ң治ôǡ˵ѵ;һ뵱زͨ飬ΪǱ֤͢ĵӱʼҪ߬ǺһһΪ͢ؽǱϾôˣҲҪܰԼˡ
̫ǾˣϾ˲٣һԶҲ۵üסǴĶġҲҪˣͬˣüˡ
Щ;ҪһȥģЩ;ͷҪǷ⣬Щ˾үǻǷϣ޼ҵ۸
˼ôƺģɽвЩ˾ǽ٣Ϊɶһ֣ΪϮĹ٣⺢ӣʵ̫ʵ˾ۡѲ˾Ǳߵ¶ﲻһ㲻ֻ֪Ǵûʹ㡭
СҶ͵һʧ
ҶĻҲϴСˣ㻹;ͷһ˼ңͰﲻʲôӲҪͷЦ̸ˣԼ˼Ű죬ҪһֱûϢǾȢϱֶӡ
СҶ࣬ҶһҾƣһˣصصܲͷһ죬ûκָͷʱͷҲûˡһΣֵһܣҲԼɣ
СҶͷãݺݵعһƣȻ̧ͷ۾ҶС죬ǻƴϼ


25 ԩ·խ
СҶΪöĹԱ֮һҶСƷüֵľ󣬾һغʱΪԵɣСҶȻûύҶС˼
ⲢʱܣټҶＫϣϯٲȻһֵܡ£ҶСľȻٺȣοһ纣ҶһֱȰơ
ҶСôҲ뵽λҶﾹȻһλƹӢۣƸɣˬޱȡҶС뿪ʱȻ΢⣬ȴѭ졣
λãųƾɫմֻǮСƣΣϢݡ־ˡҶС쿴Ƶƴϵѭ죬룺ųƾɫȻ֮ǳȴ֪ɫһʲô⾰
ƴһͷطöѭ죬۵ͷ󺹣ҶС龰յհͷȥϢɣ䣬ٵȥơ
ҶСáѺʣةѾ˶ҶСļӣƴϴϴαҶС֮Ѿ޼ΨΪҲϹ㶢һ̷ɡ
ҶСѭȻȥȴϣһѭ죬ҲԸһģҶСҲԹܸ˫֣յǰ档
ҶСһ·ȥƴԩ·һЩݵĽͬģմһСߣȻͼǰվһˣһϮװΣˡ
ҶСͻһʶؾߣһ˫дŭ˷ܵĿ⣬һֻèϷʵضסеצӲˡ
չЦЦؿҧгݵصҶС죿ʷΪ˽ļ͡๫öү͵С˼ƭӣֳֻԭΣ
һֱճҶС첻뿪ƴϼ˹⾰ϰѭԼһתηҲƵȥѭżֱģӲڵۡƴӳԶźһ仰ʷˣհͷȥ
չЦһƽԱ߻Ҵ󺺰ӣҶС첻ߣֻһˣ亹ֱðؽͣϴ
ϴˣһϴˣչЦѵңڻƭҵǸˣڡ󸹬ԷƭҵǸˣʵ㣿
ҶСϵͷ԰԰ǸĲҡʵأҲңҴ磬ҴҡƭҴ磬ң㲻ǰɣûϵҿͣ漰˫̥⣬Щ
չں˵˵ȭһ߬ڿУǻȥҶСѾֽһѸޱȵض׵˵ϣ˫ֱͷסԣԱס˫סţͬʱ¶˫ϥĶסظҪ
ҶС˻죬Զ޶ŹбҪٵĶչɲ֪һ˰ڳһֱ캦ı׼ɳĵȻǸһǱ˴˵ġ
ҶС챧ͷڵϣе㲻ܴңǹ٣ǳٰ͢
٣ģչ˳һָһ·󺺣ʵι㿴
Ǵһƣϱɫǵشʲô٣ûʲô٣㲻ҪҿЦ˵󲽣䡱Ƿǳ
չЦһһָڸתһˣװͰ͵غȵñģأ㿴ô
˱һں٣һñһȣܲ˵صϷŪһϹӺȤʲô۰ģ·㻹ʲôۣ
չͷͷԲס壬˼Ҹ㿪Ц
ҶС쿴⾰Щ̿չһתͷֱԴƭ㣬ҲûʲôʧôҲǸ͢٣㲻ӣҲøүһӲǣңɲɣ
ɣչ˻ȭͷʵ۵ϣҲ㣬Ҽ̤㣡
չһȹգ̧

һʹ첮ĵ
ոȹӣҧгݵҪȥչͻȻס½ţɿȹǣŵתѾ漣ػһᡢɬЦݣѽ칫ӣô
չ˵ţ˹ġȵ첮ӭȥЦ¶ݡвȹȻҡһС׸롣
չ仯ҶСУͷһ񺮣ٿһůЦ⿴չ첮ģĵŮˣ㱻ƭҾͲ㣬ʧʧǺѰٻʱһܿĵģ
ҶСչһѱһģаˬһ߰ˬһ͵͵ǽߣչ۽鵽ľٶʱڰСŮҲֻ뿪ˡ
չһЦŮض첮ĵ칫ӣ㲻ǻɽ̽ĸȥôôͻѽ
ҶСҲ˲˵ЩʲôǽﵽڣһչûעһӡһӣҶСǽվؿڣҵصԩ·խôأһǳû
ҶС컰δ䣬һֻžͲȵͷϣҶС조Ӵһæһ߲һһ˶˲ˤڵϡҶСһۿˣʱȻ࣬ô㣿
磿
޴ߺƨɣȻҶС죬ϻϲشӵĵصȻԵǽô
ҶС죺ǴĶģôǱʲôˣ
޴Թ磬ҵ쵱һ㿴ţ㲻ҪѧòãһܴĶҴҼѽ
ңҶС첻ˣ˵࣬ѹ˵һƨѶֲûȥʲôʱᵽˣ
޴ֻ˸ȦûѣǽͷҼȣҼѵҼңһƬҼҰ
ҶС죺
޴磬ôˣ
ҶС죺Ŷټ֣ˣȣҡǽΪʲô
޴ʱɫ˵˵ز˾뿪˵
ڡ˷ǲ˾仰ҶСǳͬϴã뿪
޴ͷܣҶСһס죬ߣ
޴ҲǸûģϸҶССһͷܡ޴ܵʵ󡭡簡Ǹղš·ڣΪɶܡ
ҶСֻ޴һأܵõ죬˳ڴ㻹з֮׷㣬뵽Ǳȴߡ
޴ϲ԰Ǵ󡭡ǡȡ𡭡
ҶСǫãֻǱ곤꣬ḻЩ
ҶСС˳һգֻܳ岽ͼһ߳ҶСһˣһɲվסŲ
޴ĺ棬ͷ񱼣ܵøͷƵģҶСȻվסɷסŲ˶ײȥһͷͰҶСײˣȻĿɿڴؾ
ԱżҶŭվ·ϣǼƣҪţƾȥץ޴ġһ޴࣬ٴСбܳȥҲôôͻˣ
ͷͻػȻ򣬵ˣ
ٴһʲôˣ
ຩЦղҾ;е㲻ԾܰܵģһʱҲ벻𾿾ﲻԾ񿴵Ҳ׹ԭܻԼſˡ


26 黳
ԱʶӵĻʻһʱƤӷϣ촽Ѫ֢״ٶ͹ԡ˰죬Ŷ߶µص㡭ҹ
ҶС챻ײɳȥѵشӵдޣôģԼ˵Ӳֻ֮ĻǵҴųĶ
µĺӣһһŲԱߣʱҶСҲ߹ԱһŤסӵĶ䣬ȵ󣬴úñ˼Ȼ˽
ҶСĵ棡仰źö죬ˣˮңңΣЩӴÿδհ°Լʱ˵ĺ仰
ҶС뵽ԱѾŤŴĶ䣬ҶСصȮӣ´Ϸʹȥϼӹ̣ܽʷƽ鷳ʷˡ
ҶСĵȻԱЩŽѵʵӵķӴһ˼
ҶСæԱⲻҪᣬٲѰӻģʵͶȻֵܡ
ٴɴ۾ӶˣԾصʷ㿪ʲôЦ㡭ӲСݡֵܣ
޴ͷӾŶǰʷǺĽݴ硣֣Ҵ翴⸱Ӷ಻˼
ٴ⼱س鴤£Ҳ񲻳Լÿ춼ܰʬĻӣôܺİ˽ֵܣٴһƬңѾʧȥ˼
ҶС˽ݵ飬æʵԱⷽ˵͵ܴȴ֪ʲô
ٴֵصʷѵ֪ջƴѧԱ֮Ĵ
ԭԱָ¡
ҶС첻Щ飬˵¶޴෸룬Ҫ׷ԴĪĹϵأ޴취ֹԱŹյĻս
ҶСæȻġ˵Ҳִ࣬ЩѧʵӣûдǾ仰Ҳֳ
ٴ̾˿ʷˣֵ췭ظֻҪҼûиϵϷҲᡣƫƫϷͲܲˡϷСӱ˼˭֪ͷǽ˳ȥ
޴෭ͷҪġ쵱˵Ҫȥ֤ˣҵʱ֣ʳԶʣ
ٴƺһӾͿƲסԼұ죡СҪʳԶʣʳԶʣھ͹ʵˣ
޴㬵ر͡
ҶСԺٴԱ⣬ҺӼȻֵܣǾ͸óһˡҲҪҵʷˣҡСͺãǺǣҵأҲҪڿ󰡡СʲôģôǴĽֵܣҳʲôˣ
޴ռ˵ֱ׳ص԰ӣңû˵Ҵõĵʷ٣˼ң̫ˡ
ٴ͵ػ˻ΣƺҪ赹شڴһֱͻȻȫЩضҶС㿴ӣϷӢһֿȭټҵԭҲûָжϢֻҪܺúݼҵݶӡ˭֪
ҶСԼʱܹţ±ų쳣²ȥ۸Ĵ磬ݣæοҪģأȷʵЩûĻСȻǻδ졣˵麩Ȼ㲮ܺùЩӡ氡
ٴ̾˿εصϷҲֻôοԼˡ˵ƴԱԾһ£ǹ˽˵ģϷִ֪˻Ϸʹ˽ͣѧ
ˣǿϣϷҲѧˡϷӦȥĸףһɶ˵ģЩˣԺѧǡջƴ֮¡
޴˵һ̵ֱϵڲٱѧüЦһᵽƴ룬ϵҪȥҪԶţҪʼգܽһҪȥƴġ
ٴЦŶҶС㿴˭̯ôһӣܹ˸ˡ
ҶС֮£໹治òȥǹ֤ˣȥҲ˫ʲôΣաȥЩԱҲǰ׳գ֮˽ᣬºⲻҪѰ
ٴͦţϷȻǶδɽ̻ѱ֮ţҲڴҼɱԽɣϷöȥѧ飬ԺЩˡ
ҶСǾˣҪ̳иɽиְ֮ԱҲһζӱǰ취ôԱ۰ӹȻûΪڷ꣬ԶΪڵһôҪˣһеġ
ٴĬãɿ˶ӵĶ䣬Ȼ˵ĻҺγЩֻΪ˸ĸģǡˣǾôȥɣŵʷ˲ЩԱĴ֣Ѫġ
ҶСʵʲôˣЩԱ˽ޣֶǴӱ;˵ЩԱȻûȻϷ裬Ҳڱ¶ԷزŸġǳ־磬˲Ϸ̬ʱ˲졢׳ɽѲѲ˾ٱҲ̬
뵽ҶСģ಻µġ
޴Ŷ䣬ϲ̵صĲȥѧ˰
ٴң˵²ôѧĻǻһ˵꣬ͺˡ׿ڴӦôߵ·ֻݷݵͨˣ鿼ѧ̫ƽһġ
ɶ治ǿϰ⵱ĸķӶˣŬˣӾǶԶûȤӵô죿뵽ٴһң۾ʪˡ
ʹһ飬ƣֱ˻˴࣬ûõүĳϣүץȥҪɱɢǷޡ
ʱףӲԼǰȭһʬľ࿹űƵɿڣȻ뿪Ӵ˸Ů飬ٲ
⺢ӣ˺ɵʱµĲ𿴺ٴͶӸƵģʵ֪жϧ谮ٴǾĽɡ
Ƕ
ϣؿŸףٴڴĿ⣬кһϣ̫ƽһݷݣǡҲһҪʶ֣ʫ鴫ҰɣȻԶȤΣ
۰Ͱ͵ؿźٴص
ٴ̾˿ˣգƴ룬˽׮¡֮Ϊύһ׮ԲɣӴ˱㲻ö飬ḻ̌ǣ


 ʷ


01 ƴ
һ磬ҶС߳סչǰСԵȥͣһţͼ硢ةΨ͹衢ѵšѲ˾СҶƴϵǰҶСŪһ㶡
ҶСĴ磬ĻҲһ㶣ȴҶС첻֪ŪһϮͷӽ棬лһһ˴硣
ȻʷģΪ
ҶС룬ԵʷĿɽǰѱѧȻСô˵ҲǶˣĴ磬Ƚ׵õͬǺùͨһЩ⣬ҲԳ֮͢ʦ֮⡣
ڹ
ҶС조һȣɧҡ£ʵΣ
һʷġհʷҪǻƴ룬ñԱڶŹһˡؼة͸λͬţӴ£һҾ͸¾磬Ԥףʷɣ˳׮鷳ʷ룡
ҶС㶵ľͺȾƣ
ةֻΪָòͷ簡ĵ
ة˵Ķԣʷǿ߰ɣҪøλ˾õȡ
ҶСúúã͡ףհͷأ
һصѭδѣؽڼЪˡ
ҶСĵ˾ʵڡǮƣһֱڣ
תۿƴһ࣬ҶСͷһƨδѣǵΣգıӻԼСӰɡ
Ϊȴкö治ԶǼҡ̫׾ӡ¥һͿҵˣڹԱǰӵĵ̫¥ｻ׷׾ƣһʱ׳ѼϺ¥£ҶСҾٱǣƲ¥
ҶСʮ졢ʮ׳УСҶȥһѲ˾ٱɽвӦҶСߵ־ͷʱͷһۣͼ֪ءةǻվ¥ͷңң
ҶС֣ĵԤףɹôôһַˮĸо
̫׾¥ϣΨǶۿҶСԽԽԶͻȻ˵᲻ɽϣ
֪üûôŰɣЩĹȻ裬ǳǴ췴ҲԳ͢¶ֵġ
ة׵ǰˣǲŷɽЩԱĹ֮£һ׮鷳͢ǻġڻʱҲԡ
һЦ˴һٿͷٲ˵ġپƣ͵Ϊɡ
ҶСŲ׳ƺƵϵǱߣȻ˴к磬磬ҶСȥͼ޴վڳŴ˸߲ҵ֡
ҶС첽ӭȥҿƶصأһˣ
޴࿪ĵصȻֻһҵһߣʲô¶ţرڡҵҲ˵ԼĻԼȥͷġ
ҶС룺ٴǲǲͷǹڵĶӣƫƫһˣȻǮЩǿԵɽǰȴûʲô˵أˡ
ҶС쿴޴ӣֵʵɽ֤ʲô߻ǰש
޴Цֻ¶һ롣
Ŷ
שУԷһġķıҲС
ҶСķıʲô
޴֤˲ҪǶô˵ҲֵҶʹѧϰĵһ찡һαˣ˻
ҶС죺

ҶСڳسǣһ·ƴߣ·˽࣬Ůб¨ĹĻɣŻţʲôģǻһ֧顣
ҶСɺƴʵô£⸽м
ƴ鼫ȲãһףƲűۣҶСɲˣԴϻط¿Զ֮ƴҲԸ֪˲öԸǲҹˡ
ҶСȻˣȥʣһʷˣЩ˲ȥϼģǶǡȥƴ롭ֵġ
ȥƴģ
ҶС쿴ŵͼСɡһ¨ˮСãٿǰСӰںϣŹȣϲǰߵϺʱЩˣ˵ףԭ̫ˡ
ǰԶһɽ꣬ɽԼɼЩᣬڴԴ֮С
ƴɽһָˣɴȥǻƴˡ
ҶС̧ͷһͼ߸һɽ壬۾ΰʯᾣѹֱ˴丽ʲôƴɵĹ£ͨͨһ룬Ҳˡ
ҶСһҴ߰ɣɽ
޴̧ͷһɽ壬п಻صǰ˵ƴƴģҪ֪ôߣҾͲ˵ˣҼſھöá
ҶСһ۵㻹ٷϻɽ
޴֣ʵΪǼܴߣǲ׸ҶСǼʵģôСݸƤƵͬѧһƣˤ˸ͷλֵʵ׳
ȻȻվȴرߵһɽһ룬޴ͺ棬ˣˣˣ磬ҵЪЪֵҡ桭ˡ
ҶСεվסҲˣӦøˣר̧ɽŶѽ
޴ҵֲ֪ƴжߣõôۣҪˮ
޴˵žʹͳһˮóһ𻨸⡣
ҶС̤һ᾵ʯɽȥͼɽ䣬ʮɢУһӾСӱߣ¥һСԺмӰԺվţԶԶҲ֪ʲôΡ
ҶСδ⣬תߵ޴ߣҲʯͷ£̧ͷɫƴϷԸʱҲˣɽһˣǣ˵֤ڵɽ;УԺƬ̡
ƴϲõصˣ¶ָһ˾ͿˣְôҲһ䣬ȱŵĲʹ
ҶСɫһ䣬ѵǣǻҪأһķʱҪ汾ٴɱɱġʱҲͦ𣿡
ƴϷְֱǶˣĶЩɱɱ顣
ҶСˣľֻ¡ȥǰЩ֤û˭¶ˣ䣡ȥ
ƴϺҧҧӦǣĹĵɽȥҶС쿴ıӰ΢΢һЦȨãϣȻСһֱԣлᣬܲŪ㣿
ɽǴСԺ´һڽšһ´ص˵һˣôأŻƤľүеġǾ¿ëҲ˵үɣҲ
Ժվһڣмһòʵ긾ˣȴһѲ˵Աһɫ׳ɽ꺺ӣгһ˸ֲ档վڸһһֵ߬꣬ǵ㡢仢ĻƷɡ


02 ޷շ
ƷɷŭصǼ󺺣˵һõĻƤǲųǮӾߣϻԵģ˵Ͳ
һЦŻƤүϵġүϵĶб˸Ҫ㲻ѵڼӣ
ƷɵҾӣϲܵ𣡡
ϵλǻֻɽһССԻүȻûȵģ⻢ƤǼҺԵģǣǮһϺûƤĶûĵ
û˸ǵҵĿõȥҲû˸ǻҾұˡذɣ˵ȥŻƤҲǡ
΢΢۾ɫЩҪĶҪүԣǲǣ
һ˵ݻµļ˵ϵһҲ߬˱ſ˫ۣסµĴٺ١Цã֣̫ˣҵүˣأͷһҡǰɣɣ仰ɽӴûôһңߣ
һ֣Цļﳤȥϵӷߺ޵صǵıӰ޾ɫֻл￴ɷһۣٿӣü΢΢һ˿ǡ
ɽϣǺˮǳԸ⣬æĲֺҶС쿴ģЦԷǵĸоڴµ𻨸ʱҶС̾˿డЪ˰ɡ
ã磬ҳԶˣе㷸Ҫɽ
ҶС죺
жϲסҶСĸ첲Ҫһɽ磬ĺܺá
ҶСҧһһص˭ǹ֤ˣһ̣ҶСͳǿשݺԴϡҶС׺ٴʲôˣĽִĳ嶯
գ͡
ĸ͡
ĸͰ롭
̫ճӰή˵Ľŵװʱ޴վϵĹ𻨸ҶС緢ص磬߰ɣ

ɽϣѧźѣľ⺷սʿ˫ִǹɱڡһѧҪһϸ£ȵľȻʫǵǹꪣҲǹһˡ
ĽĿȻϲּģʫָŵôͿͬأ㿴⵶ɱģټѪǶпͷ
żȭĽúǱݷڻƴϷһ·ˮֵĸӣ־ԹȺڸָָ֣㣬Ʒͷ㡣
׼˫ԱȻŸԵĳ֮ͬȻҪõѡеѾ£ǲǵģЩ˶еȭŮս
СǴŽյʢװͷסǳվŶм䣬ĵسɽ裺Ҫɽ฿һһŮѽһĲ솪һѡɡְ
ԷһĿ࣬ƤִɸֲţӦҪɽ貢цѣûᳪỹỹֻӴùĵ
Сҡš˹ġߺȣƲͷЬͷͷߡСҪķҪߣ̫̫Ҫз롣ͭУ
ԱһſӵĴԱ߿һӻӶӻӶһ߸Ӷ
СҶѲ˾ٱɽһۿֳ治Ϊ֮Ȼһܴ˰Σսߣֹˣ鱨ɣ
ͻȻиһãǵ
ѲǰܻͷһͼԱһˣһŻ壬̿ʹĨĨƺڻɶŵĳ棬˸ϽŲ˸طСҶе˶ͷϾñصʷأ
ҶС޴࣬εɽţҶС켸׳̧޴ߵ⣬ֻһʱ䲻ͣ˵ʹΣ̧ҲΪ˼ҡ
޴ЪЪߣЪЪһɽ·һֱߵ̫ԽǰǵӰͶɽ£ǻûɽ
ҶСļ٣ɽЩʹòɿ޴֤ɽģ뷨ԱƽˣҪܹؼáҶС첻ƲߣҲֻεɽ
ɽǶɽַǷõȹ֤˲ǵҲƣɽ質չ˫죬һλ춷˵ġ廨СŮ˭ܴŴܶԷţԼ޸ĺ׳ӮһƬҵ
СҶһȺٱһʼһٴеģһҶС첻ٵҶС컹ǲ˫һֱû֣СҶΣֻôԼѡһɽµأĵµȺ
СҶһʼЩСʳ̷ܵɽʵЩţǵȵ̫ӹӿʼеʱŷЩССĶһֻȹıӡ
ҶЩˣ׷ǮԵģСС׬Цڴ󿪡ʵڶ߲סСҶǮʹȥĸӡ走ɽȪˮ
ҶС޴࣬첶׳ڲǵصɽûʱ׼źΧȺڻʱɽƣȵɽʱɽϵûǸ顣
޴ູɽʧط֣ĵұֵúƽûˡ޴ȫûܵĿڻҳ档
ҶС޴վɽϣǰ߼ɢҵʯͷϹսĵغӲͷߺţιǾ򲻴ѽҪǵǿ򰡣˿ɲְ
ҶСεҡҡͷתȥѰƴϡƴϸƵģҲ֪Ķһð˳ȭˣ
ҶСһǡûɣ
ƴϵ֪ʲôģ񲻳ġƣĹǷɡһǵɾҪɱһȴڶ裬Ī
޴пصѰҲν̸Цɱˣǹ֮ŷˡ
ƴֿ̯Ц˵үҺ˼Űɣǽһֱɽû׼ֳĵȵڣҲ͸Իؼˣ̸ЦȻ̸Цɱ˵ȴᷢˡ
ҶС۾һ˷ܵصҪҪȥ
ҶС컰δˣСҶվԶ˷ܵغʷʷ
СҶɽ̫ҶСһٱ˫£ͣһ𺰣ʷʷ
ҶС̾˿߲ˣǹȥɡ
ร
൹𳡣һһؾǰߡ
һ硢һ磬ùͣɢ¡ʯʳǷ׷վ˷ܵشУ֤Դ


03 ϲв
ЩѧԱǼ޴ڸϵӭ޴٣ȲرѾܾˣڿԿʼ˰ɣ
һл˵
޴˵ţǰŲŲһקһשͷ
žʵʲô
Ц˼ôˡ
שͷְ̨óһǰԶһʯʯͷ紵ܵʮֹ⻬߹ȥִ̨һӣᣬ̨ѹסһǡ
ЩҪ˵ɣʵƽʱŪīĵҲϵЩ֣޴ѧＸδʡЩһᵶսɱڵģһī޴൹жһִҵĸо
ŴؿŴදͼŲóһ֦ëʣ±ñĭ˳˳ʺֱ̨֣ǵ˭ҪμӾھЩʲôһϸо
һ̲סʵʲô˭μǾͲμӰЩʲôҪодǾȻóôô򣬴򵽶Է
ǶƲѾӵˣҪ˵ǲѧأĶ䶷һЩȶǻҪ⹫֤ʲôأμӾα֤ǵľƽأ
Īǿʵ˵Ǹô죿
üЦָӿɽ̣Ͷˣأ˫Ҫ֤Ƕʲô˲μӣ߲μӵҪ൱Ҫһڲѡιˡ
޴໹û˵꣬žͲˣ˴еƾʲôֵܶࡢѶ࣬аԸңа
˾£㲻˶ڲһҪ˶࣬Ͱɵˡ
˫һһԽ˵Խ󣬾ǹҪȥ޴ëû˶ƵվһߣֱϾҪͻ˱Ƿֿ֪̾ƽҪ˰ɣ޶ǽҲǿڷĲġ
ԶҶССҶѾߵһ
СҶԹʷôô
ҶСЦΪǸ
СҶ˴һۣҡҡͷ£ֹ˫
ҶС׼⣬ǵȻǼˡҾЩʵֻЩ֪ߵغ񡢱˹߻˵Ķ棬νҲΪ֮ʲôⲻĳԹΪڽǶ֮롭Ȼǹ֤ˣôĹ֤յһ£˫һ̨ף˫⣬Ϊϲߡ
Ǳߣ޴дǵصЩдССˣļʮˣǺѣ̻ô򣿴վͷͺˣ˭˭䣡
Ҳǵ׷׵ͷɣһ㡣ʲôأ
޴ڶȷˣҹ˼ڤ룬뵽˼ͬѧǵ汾죬׾ʤֶΣ˵Ҳһ¡
źܸȤΧȥص˵
޴ఴҶСɽ·϶˵飬һ̶ֵָ˵һǱɽǶɽȥɽܣһ˶࣬һӮ
޴໹û˵꣬¾һƬ಻òɤţڶǿʯͷûУұʯͷ˭ҪǾٲ˭䣡ǱǿǱЩƵĴ
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쵰ľ
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౻ûȺм䣬ԾҪ֣Ҷ˵ֻǴҲ꣬ǲͬͲͬ⣬ѵҪŹ֤ôҵš
СҶҶСϲߣֻвͨˡ
ҶСüϲвͨǾֻввˡ
СҶҲüвߡʲô

ͳͳס֣
ҶСһڶȺڵذ޴Χƿվ޴ǰ޴һ±˾Ҳ·˵صЩˣ̫Ұˣ
ҶСɫȻǶɽвֶҪôһ˾ҪôһĿֻгϣҪµˣҪµˣȴֻɱɱ𣿡
ŴȻУ
ҶСһϣεصɱɱȻУֻɱɱȻҲУɱɱǾֻɱɱǾç򣡾ŷɶ֪ڵǰһأ˵ֻẰɱʲô£
ǶҶСƺȥˣаϲæȴǵļ峤͵ѧΪܹ䣬һ飬ȥܲܽⲻи𣿡
ҶСֵУǵļ峤͵ѧ飬ǻۣԻиһ⣬ѵǾʹû𣿡
仰ǹŵĺģ̲סʵиһ⣬ʲô⣿
ҶСǲֶǽҪͳ챾յģʱȻⲻҪ͹ٸ򽻵򽻵ѧ飬й͵عٸˡ籾٣ͿԽ
ͬͬѧǱ˴֮һͬ꣬ǳΪͳϵʱ򣬾Ϳ챾䣬ͬѧദ񲻾̫ƽǵĳడ
ǰһƬྲҶС侲˿͵վȺСҶƴϵ˵˸вȻ֮飬֮Ȼ⻹ֻвߵһ룬һҩͿչسˡ
ҶСĳصƣˣˣǵѧ飬ѧ֮ڣǵĵǻ⣬˭ҪִⲻǿûУ
ҶСһָΧĹٱ׳ΪصʷǾĿΪģִⲻȰҲֻù¹죬죡Ծڴˣĳ֮ԤҲ
ҶС˵ݺһ˦ӣЩϣܴϿһ˿ֵ̿飬ϧǰһ׶ޱ飬ҶС찵ü룺ô£Īѧʶ̫ǳҵĻ̫ˣ
ȺС͡һЦʷˣһвͨġɽֻôߣֻôֻô󣬺ֻôľûҵģôУ
һ˱̫ƽǵĲǵĲһ̫ƽ֮ͬУǵĲǵĲ䱾ìأײϣǺѣ
ˣˣǵãǾʷչʾһ£ģǵɣ
ྲ˰εĶ¶һƬҶСƽ
һƬԣȽȽ𡭡


04 һܡ
һЩͬѧƽ޴Żŵشͳש߬һʲô
ҶСҲɫ䣬ΪЩֻǲ£ȻƭĲãԼúӦþܶԸȴЩ˾β²
ʵҲҶСĶ̰壬ûֶ֪صǲ¿ţ֪ߵغҪǷֻбǸǿƣͨ߶ȨףҲͲжˡ
ۼǷ׷׾ٵһԼҶСҲˣһ߼ˣһߴµǲҪ˺͢٣Ǵ
޴߬ǿשۼͬѧǾٵƽһҪңһգשȥһȴ˸գЩһЩޱȵѾƹҶС׷ȥˡ
СҶ龰󼱣æǲҪǳ͢٣ԼĲ𣿡ͣһ֪ͣ˭һɤӣڣٶǰƽ
СҶ״æԸ׳죡ȥѰʷǧҪЩˣ
ҶССҶɽΪֹžȿɲ뵽ҶСΪʸ֮ģҶСִ֮䱻ΧǶ棬ȥֲЩţҪҶС̸ס
ҶСЩĿԸһЩϾЩ˲ûʲôڣ˷ΪֹǾô˵ҲǺģг͢ٵݣЩٰҲ˲֪ء
ôһ£ۼʮѩĸֵһƬپǾһˣҶС켱ˣĹˣԱ߲ԶһɣиŮڿԱһӵʲô
СŮһΣ⣬仹һھСɵ䵶ҶСҲ룬һܹȥְγŮ嵶һĲӣͰѵķ۾ϣͳͳ
ҶСյ죬ۿҺεά˵ģЩԱУһˣԼ֣ζģһýֹǰ
ЩԱȻվסˣŮǸ˴־ŭȵң־ҪεҶС쵹ҲǸõŵµĺݽɫֹͷްϧ֮ģһƱҪ
˿
ҶСһȣǴ󺺿ʱɫ䣺Ҫ֣ˣˣվ
޴ŰשҴ磡ҶС׷ҶСдаοΪʮµıֵܣǸˡ亩Щֵཻ
ֵһֵһ⺢Ӿǳ²࣬ŵ¶˭ҲԲǳ̬ҶСɲǰͣæ޴࣡û£
൹Թ˵һߣҶСִе˿ͳͳ˵ʮ֮⣡СѾͷˣ
ԭСŮߵĴҧгһͷ𣺡˿˿˵Ҳ֣ЩĿ˵ԱȻĻ׷˿ҲмģҲ֪˶˼ʲôʱɫһ䣬ҲǷ׷¡
ҶСĵǶͬȻرУ֣֮Σûˡ˵һͣǵľҲˡǻͷѰһ٣硢Ψǰһͷʹǡ
ƴվΧôˣ⾿ʲôʷǹǷ˰ôٳˣ
ҶСһЦЩԱȥȴЩԱȻɫǿĿȴ֣Щ׺ݣЩܹŹ֣󡭡еֻ˼
ҶС֣õЮֵСŮȴ΢΢ͷббһңǻƭңȻҰҽΪˣãĵǱ춼󣡡
ҶС춨һʧе
һչµ䵶磬ͬʱչ粻Σһȴͻأ̧˼ͷһǡ̧ȹ硱չʩչӲǳˡȱޡЧ
ѥĳҶСͷҶСֻһת⡱һӵڵأе䵶Ҳ˦һ߶ȥˡ
޴״һҪİשȴԱסֵ£ҶСѾʣеɴڶʮ⣬ûһǰġ
չһһҶСƽߵǿ䵶ʱѥһǵڿСһ֣һˮʱչϡ
չôĴָŵ棬һ˫ĿҶСĲϣҶСͷֱðۼһ˫¹ƤСѥѾ⵽ǰҶСͻȻһֻ֣ף
ҶС߸ߵؾһֻ֣չ˵ףҺһףŹңҸһܣ
չһ漴¶ЦЦģƭң㵱һϵ
չĴָǹŵ棬ҶС㲻£Ҳɱ㣡ǸǺţסѵ㿴ҪһֻΣٸһֻһֻʷģ
չֱһѩĵڿлһ⡭
첮ģ
ҶСһУչͣĵпĶԵһ亹ҶСͷ䣬ҵæ˵첮칫ӵĴܣһô
칫ӣ
չЩɻ󣺡칫ӡʲôܣ
ҶС֪λʹһãҶСʱƶٺ١Цţһָزչĵӵ¹ڡ˵ҳ
ͨ
չһɨƨϣҶСһӶڵϣչװͰ͵صһһ٣л˵ƨţٸװģԼ칫ȥ
ҶСƨɴӵҧгݵ룺ôף˼ƭת˼ҵǿ㱳ܴҲ鷳ʹħֶΣƷҵĿ¡
ҶСﴵţƤźݣһ̧ͷȴЦȻܣ칫ô˵أҲֻſõ
չҪ࣬˵
ҶСã첮ѧԱ֪ɣ
չȻ⣿ҵȻ֪һ֪ôЩԱֻһŻģˣнʿĲ飬ƴ˼Ȳϣ
ҶС֮أ֪
չңɽֻиĸá
ҶС조һҶĳҪ˵Ĵˣ첮ʵסɽ
ҶСͻȻֹչüͷ˵ȥΪʲô˵ˣ
ҶСתתĵƢôףҪһ첮ƭŭ֮²سŵһˣй˷ߣ˭ԩȥ
ҶСصҪȷģֻҪҸܣһָͷȻۣҶСָϽһ䣺һֺͷУ
չ޺޵صһۣһԾŶڿ㲻ɣ
չָĴָСָۣܲͷضģչģ͸¶칫ܣҾ㶯ֶţΥģƴģ˰ɣ
ҶС죺ֶš
չѵһӣȲغȵҶˣ˵


05 ˰ٱ
ҶС첮ĵļҲɽںسǡҲûиĸԶɽǼλᷢӡô
չסɫ԰㡭˵ʲô
ҶС˵첮ƭ㣡Ѿˣ
չ׻ͻȻֳѵҶС첱ϣȵƭңһƭң
ҶСŵιɶ񷢹ĵģ
չҧ˭ƭˣ
ҶСû˵ѣ
㶼ǹƭˣ
ƭ˵һֻҪһϴĻѣ
չɫӲ԰ףˮʼۿת
ҶСºܶ˶֪ѧͬѧȫ
ҶСȻͣסùŹֵչ㡭ʹûݣ
չԺֱ죺ѹӲȥѧ˵ʲô˷飻ѹӲȥ˵ҽϣо֮ǰ̸ۼޡԭԭȫƭҡ
չһᣬһॡһֵ׹ء
չ棬ڵϺ
չһޣΧ۵ĸȺڶʱɵۡ
һʼʱ򣬻ֻٲҲ峤СϳչݣԲŹԹ˿˿󣬻һ֪ˮչϴСѾǾ˽֪ˡ
Ҫ˵ЩҲ˾ηչϣڳЩ͡ס׳˶չҲɵ֡ݵȺ壬ⲻһСҲеˮչϣչ˾϶Ҫġ
չһޣﲻϸΧȺڿҶСЩˡǿԲѺ˳͢ǶԱعഫͳνײȴηĪ
˾ͳƵʵһַ⽨ƣ˾൱ڵȼ֮ɭֱ׷ūᣬɭϵĵȼƶ£һλ߶λ˵ڡ족ڣ족ꡭ
ҶС쿴Ųعǰ޵һͿչҡҡͷ˵Ů飬ٶҲôʾһ˰ɣ۶ܶġ
ҶСͬķһԥȥѣŷֽ绻·ǰϡҶС˼һ£ϳȣȱͱͱչļ
չޡ
ҶСͱ£չ̧ͷ۵ص𣿡
ҶСûӡ
չãȻӸ𣿡
ҶС̾Ϣȸɡ
ƨ
չüëһ䣬ͻȻ͡һΪЦҶСʱһѾͷ滨ģȻһЦһƿէѵľޡ
չü̧ۣһͼܺѹѹһƬ˫۾ڶչʱ󾽣ԼǰѿӣȻ˿ˡ
չ߳ŭغȵǿʲôɽôڶ֣ѵǶ̰֮
ɱѽɱѽ
չһѵ⣬ЩɽӦźʾ˫ǹ٣սһСҶոΪҶС˿һֽƴϣͶ㵽ΧȺں濴羰ȥˡ
ҶС󼱣ȵ֣
չ˵ЩרϰµǻǿģҶС˵ֻƨ˳ۣ̻¶ػǹͳԷ
ҶС״ҲƵسȥ˫м䣬׵شȵʷǣ˺˭Ҳ֣˭Ҫ򣬾ʹ̤ȥ
ҶС仰˵Ȼ֮״κΣЩŶɽˣʶˡԡҶСܱرѹˣ˼Ĵ̤˹ȥ
һսײϲƬ֮һӰش߳ƴɱĻսֱչҶС׺ЩԱΪȫͷڹ꣬ЩҰ˹Ȼǲѳ͢Աﰡ
չŮʱ첮ľʹЩɽ˷ʱչɾҪʹĽɫˡ첮ĿܺܿͻΪʹչбӹ⻷ҶСǵӵߡ
ҶС췢ҲˣˣŤϣҶСյӣݺݵһˤżεؿŻս˫չ˫֣ؿǱ࣬ĵصëûУ㻹ȥ˼ұ׳
ҶСĻʢ༥㲻ҲûУקʲôקۣ
һδˣҶСҽһշɳս˫¡ս˫Դ˲Ȼ졣ҶСֽŲãǽ·ɿӳٶӵչߣǰغ󱳺üӡչˣвһ˿Ц⡣
ҶСӵչߣŭ˵ѵëҼʶʶۣ
ҶСƼһ㣬ٶȷɽսȺȻֻСǿһ㣬ǿش˶չǣһ˿Ц⣬ǱҶС㻹ҲҺ˵˵
ʿɱ裡ҶС˫ͨ죬ϢݣһͷţݺݵصչŭصٸһԣŪ㣡
ңչûвֻһƲмŭ֮ҶСһиŤŤ˵ȥʰչȥ
ҶС¿ԶʱǻǿƲסķŭģСҶС췸¿Ĵָÿһڶ£¿Դ󷢵Ҳ£ΪʱҶСɻ䣬ҲҴ˵
չ֪ҶС书Ťͨ죬źǿɲģȴһҲ££չⲻܣְؿҶС
ҶС嵽չߣһչɨȥ
ǭ¿ӣ¿ԷҶСһҲϧ
չЦһСһŤͱܿҶСһ
ǣչһ㣬ҶСõĲǵҲǹһŤŤ״ϻмѳ֦辣չÿɣȴûÿ֦辡
ֻһչʯȹҶСеﵽ˰գ·һ죬ӭƮ
չˣ
Űשò׵Ż޴ྪˣ
æҵָŹٱ졢׳ǣǿҪڲ˵ǰֹ˫СҶˣ
˶Ѻ濴ֵƴϾˣ
ڻս˫ӦһЩǿƮġ족Ǻ۵ģǿ˺죬žͿֻһTչںɱŹҲˡ
ȺڶһƬž˶ľ׮ƵĴ
T㵱ȻչйŮôôһTͳôǰǿլ룬ɷദʱĴŴ簡˵Ů಻ԭϰףչҼ˾ңͨŮ
зӦľҶС죬ƴһƬž֮ҶСڵѪѸ侲Ȼڿ״̬ǶΣرҶС˵ͷܡ
ƴϣĿͱصʷˣ־һˡ족ɽ·ɱȥƬ̹ͲӰΨһ桰족ȽȽҰ֮У֮ʾȻ˶ġ


06 һȥҲ
ܳʲô
ȽȽɽ֮ĺ죬ƴϵһߡ
Ƭ̺Ťͷչͦһʱɹعˡ
عԲ䵶ӣץץסץסץס
һ䣬չúģڼžɽƮȥһɽȼ䴫ץסץססס
ҺȷӦɽ׷ȥʧȥֵ䡰ʿǡЩȻҲ֪׷Щ˼ȥհһҶӢ۵ķɣҲһѷسɽӿȥ
ֵ˵Ȼ¶˸߲ҵ׷ȥֻвչߵߵʿֳ
εضһۣҲȥչֻһ£ŤͷϣڨڨصС㣬ȵȹϵһ°ɣ
չ޺޵ؽӹ£һΧ񻰣ֺ޺޵سһˤ۾ˣʲô˲ģ˵հɽ׷ȥ
һãСƹˤˣҲȰϾٲ׷ȥһߣƴ϶ʱտҲֻʣһƬǽ塭
Ƭ֮޴ǰǽɽءԮʱָƬϣͻȻӰһͬҶƵģƮƮڵϡ
˾㶼һ¾װ಼ͷ棬ͷţֻһ˫۾¶棬˫ǵ۾˿ȴ͸һЦԷǵĸоһĸЩ˿ֹסЦ磬ҪҪ׷ȥ
һ԰ЩǶһվԨsšΡɽҡͷˡұǺ²ŵԿԸȴ롭ǽ磬ס
ԸƿǱﲻסЦ⣬ţ¶˱ͲǴ⺢ģæȥ׷λٺ٣ʷزΪˡ
԰һ䣬ǸҶСӾȻôƵ飬Ҫ⣬񲻳ʸ֮ģ⺢ӺʵûĻô࣬ҾŹ
Ը˳һ£ûг˼ʮֵܣ˴˼Ϥֻ쳣԰˱ʵ˵ʲô
Ը˵磬㲻ãһְ취ѧԴľֲˣǵõȹ˽˵֪ĺӣôûĻ
԰תЩɻ
Ը˵Ȼ粻ô·δ书Ӥʱõķϴҩԡ衣ЩʶȻôɽ;ǰǱ᲻ӣ
԰һ񣬳ɵصɡ
ԸЦƣĶ޷ȷǣ
԰ɻصҼҴûôɣô˵ԾؾЩϲŮһøĸеϲĳĻŭš
Ը˵⺢һ࣬Ҳȷ絣ĵˡ⺢ӴСûѡûֵܣҿóǸҶĽѣͲҪ̫ˣҪġ
԰üͷ˵ǸҵûҪǰϺƳȻǲģߵ̫
ԸʧЦɱϣһۡǣԼӾͷҡֻǺѣʲô£ϾҪˣɣ³ԵϸֻҪ˽ǣҲǻ¡
԰˵ͷ̾ǹš˵ˣµܵôˣ
Ը˵ģû⡣յȷǶ˽ģֲ˽ҡǸӴ
԰˵ʱһ䣬Ը˵ģºСģΪ̫СģжܳٻյֻǺǸ˵¸ոմߡ
԰˿ӦþˣǾͲܰվˡҲҪͶǸˣֻһôһ·յĿĻȡңȻҷԴĲ
Ը׵߼
԰˳һ£ЦٻѾʴ־ΪԶˡΪ˸ٻֵܶ
԰ǰɽ紵½ֱ졣԰˼Ƭ̣˵ȫ˼ҪڽաĲϣȷܳ
Ը˱ȭ

ҶСܵɽ£Ϻˮ罬ͷһɽ·ﲻ˶ɽܣҶС찵һҲ
ҶС쿸šѲɽСƵܳɽ꣬ǡÿһ̫ŲһͷСë¿ϣǰ߻һʮСǣ
ҶСǣغվվס¡
ͦãһҶС죬Űӣţͷ󺹣ϿһľľϻһϮʯȹʱʧɫĪ˲ɻүӵ
̫źǺغһҶСѾ嵽ǰһѽûص̫Ŵ¿ϱ̫Űæ֮бطԸӣСĶȥﺰˡ
ҶСʲôˣҡǹ١ٸˣ
̫ߴߣ޽ŵٸҲǿŮ
ҶСһϽɿ̫ţСá¿ӣ
ҶСһ¿ʱŷּϻš족æ̫Żһ˵¿Ǯͷȥ¿ҶСѡС족ϸˣû»Ҫء
ҶСչĺȹϸˣ¿¿ƨʹƣȵݣһληʿسǡ
ҶСһ·һ·ͷҶǴɽģƣֲʹԽ׷ԽԶҶСһɣרĸ·
ҶС¿ӹչһƬɴʣߺȻһҶС󼱣Ҫɴʶܣֻ̼ͷһȴһſɱСҶ
СҶ˸ЩĿֵһ·ɽû˶ΣȫЩ˻һСҶҲ˲ʱģɽҵɽ³Ҫսȥʱ׷ҶС졣
ҶСһСҶʱСҶ׷ҶС죬ûʵʷˣ²ߣ
ҶСЦȻǣֻ¼ȨٻӦֶΡ
˵ҶСȻЩմմϲڸͷϵСҶǶ׷ˣ֮Ӧò֮˰ɣ
СҶЦƴ֮ӦȻˣۺ֮Ҳˡ˵ǱȹӵСŮݵģʷˣ㻹ǡذɡ


07 ɨǰѩ
СҶҶСһһ¿һһ˵һ·سسǴţ·Ƽڭºɣǹ糵һ޷ˡ
˴ԼСʱ½½вμӾԱŵǹóعľսΪɽ췴ˡ
ţֵİҲ½ǣйҶСˮչϴС֮ĹһĻҲͨЩسǴһʱշЯףϲֱÿϷȥˡ
عۿһһȻ˳ȥȴʲôҲûո˿ͼԶ˼ϵмһŮģǿΣֻͷϾɫΣΨȴһ긾˲ŴɫȹδЩ
عټŮɫƣ߸װ󺺸׶æӣǽǡ
ŮȻչˣȹȴӱ¿ӵϸǶģǸϸȴҲũĽǺȹϼãôҲֵӣʹ
չɽ֮󣬿ϸˣҪȹӣϸλ׷ǺȹؽȴԼȹӵ£ʼûðĺȹ
չһߣϸ˾ҪȰѺȹҴˣֻһϸ˴һ޵ʯȹСӷɽһߣǷ羰ǡ
ʱ򣬻ƴɽϣ޴Уʱʱͳһ𻨸⣬ȫδлɫӰĵ
޴ɽ;״ͣЪϢĵط̤ͣʯԶͼɽ¼Զм޵šسǷǶУ޴಻Թ㲻뱻׷ƫ׷׷ƫ׷ϣüˡ
˵գһţһ𻨸¶ǣóһֻˮʹ˼ڣһƨ£ߺЪŵ˶һۣЦԷǡ
԰Щ˰˸ۣĵǷǶܹοң쵰ӣĿǴ޵

ҶССҶӵſڣһһ¿ŵһѲ˺͵ʷ˵ˣæӹֵؿҶСĴ硣ϾõʷżŸϡĺܡ
ҶССҶãոչţǡةǶһҶС⾰ةʧɫʷ㡭Ҫ˭ﰡ
ҶСȻҸʲôʲôﰡҡŶ
ҶСͻȻע⵽ԼǻĻæԱһλˣǿǺˡ
ةǸǱͲµɽϳ˴ٿСҶȻüȴҲûмΪֵ̿ģ϶Щûֳһ
飬ٿҶС죬ԽԽЦˡǿЦһģةʷ˲ƴȥֹԱŹȥôôȻ⸱ģ
ҶС˵ʵһѾѲ죬˵ɡ
СҶЦһ龭Ҫһ˵ةʱЦˡة˰Σ˵Ůˮչϼҵˣ
СҶˮչûҵˡԲǡˡʵϣŮˮչһĴС㣬ȣǭ֮һλ
ةͬ컢
СҶһλϵ
ةüëͬʱһͬ̾ϵãֻһ䣬ô²
ة࿴ةͻȻɫһض֮ڽҲҪųɲУӦԳ͢󿼰þѻϣҲźðͼ˰
ɫصص˵ͷةţе¹Ȼף¹ѾԸҹϹˡةˣҪȥĪ˹¡
ͬʱתҶС죬һʷǺȻһҪĴҪ͸ˡ
ҶС컹ûôҪĹ٣ҶСԾصλˣչġ
˵䣬ةѾ߳ţֵڶáδˣתձڣˡ
ҶСôô޳ܣ
СҶ޳ô˺صĹ٣
ҶСŤͷ˿СҶСҶ㲻ÿңϮ٣Ҳ
˵䣬ͼةִձںת˹ҶСϲֻķæӭȥֵة
ة۾ȫδ˵ҲδˣֻةȻ͢ʩеǡһ޷ҺػҪ˲аذƽǽӺѡ
ǰһظ˰ؼƶⷽ滹ǰճ͢˰죬Ҫֱӽ;Һعٸ˵Ǵ󸷣ֽ
ة׵áǱߣ֪ͨǿʼˣп˰ģϳͰ죬ʵڲУȥߡ
ة˵ķ׵ĺܣ
һ˵һߣҶС߹ȥֱӰ˿ҶСƶŻȻ򣺡ԭûĻ쵰ǳ˴ţŶ˻

öϣľȻ
ҶСҵĴү㵹˵ѽ
鶯˶ةأ
СҶЦλˣҲ֪㵽ȥˡ
ȻѾոʱôŶˡ
һҶС¹غŮڣ˵죬˵СһĲֵǴСȫ˼ڲںˮչأʹҲҪɵ֣չˮչϵҪˣ㿴¸νźã
ҶСˣ㣬νôˣ
ҡҡͷ˵صءûа취ġİգ̻ӣѱطصһɢɳȫ塣ؿ֮־
ҶСյˣͲҪˣǺٶҴʧϻƴֹԱ³ҪİɣȥˣҲ쵽ˣڣΪ鷳ˣةͿʼװƣ㻨ү㵹ǲװƣΪƣ
类Ϻһһģƫƫ޻˵
ҶСҪǱصʷû˵ģڹԼҲǰǱǱð䰬ʷģһƶȫưͣɰҾͷҪǼ֮´ãֳʲô¼ҪչҲǰǵĹ٣Ӵ˲װͷˣұͲװҴϡöͶȥ
ҶС˵žժñĶͷϲŷֽ磬ֻϵһӽҶС߷ߵһһΣⶶŴȣһģ
֪һ󡢺һģΣŵȻǡǱؾͳȥһˣһһλչϿҵıϾʹϢˣǾò
˵վñٲߣŴȵҶСͻȻͣһ룬һĴȣ԰ԲԣΪʲôҪзѽ
ǰŸոżĻವһ¾˽ţ˫۴Źâһ嵽ҶСǰһץסֵ֣صʷа취


08 Ӷڲ
չϵʱɽ˺Ȳпڿɱʱ֡龰Ȼչ߷ѵȻ㵽ҶСͷϣ˶ҶСǺ֮ǡ
ƾչǱҵӣȻΪ˶ȻߣѰҶСĵֱӣֱ˵ԼӣǰţҪϽǸʣ򣬱ʹȥ
չδˣյôűȻ򿪣ҶСŰӣܹ˳
չһҶС죬ǳۺ죬߬ҶСȥȴҶСٶȻ죬һϾɴͻȻվסеˣ
ûͷûԵһ仰ɹعչĺģչӲɷסŲʵʲôˣ
ҶСȻָıӵ㣬ʳˣ
չһȻң
ҶСͷýˣ˵𣿡
չ
ҶСǿ㻹һΣΣ
չ⡭
ҶСŭؿߣ㷢ģҶֶţʳˡʲôأֻһ١ٶؽҵ\ڽʱ𷴻һΣΣȻĵ׷ɱˣ
ҶСҺôҲǸٰˣѰΣ
չҡ
ҶС֪ƽͷգ㷴Ϊ㲻˵ǿ˶ңηǿȨˣϸǿȨ𣿡
չ
ҶСһ֣ˣ㲻Ҫ˵ˣ˵ٶҲǽƱ硣ôǿôǿô˵ˮչˣԳ͢Ա̬ȣ˻ô룬ôչϣ
չǡ
ҶС죺вŮһΣԭ㣬㲻Ƕ񷢹Һû˵ҪҪӦģ˺ܴȵģĹһӦġֻһΣ𣿡
չ㡭
ҶС죺ڻƴϣҺ˵ǸˣҾסָ֪ͬ˭ͬȥҾˡˣɣҲٺ˵ˣ߰ɣ
ҶСתߣʱţȵţ
ôš顱һˣڶչСʼվû˵Ļᡣ
ò˵ĺеȵȣΪʲôҪǷģҵĺ֮ǰҵŴƭ֮ðҵ°ɣҾܲܶأ
չС㱻ҶСƵʸˣ˰Ҳûеĵ
ȺУһ̽ͷ̽ԣҶСȻţչü룬׳߹һչЦá
ԭ˾չı磬˾ϼİ졣չؿһۣһԲתߣ켱æ׷ȥʵãȥ
չصͬ

ҶСſŷ죬סСĵضĶۼһȻĸϻˣ֮࣬ظǳһڴ
ȻҶСúˣæһתͼ̫үվԱߣؿڣһҡ
ҶСʱɫһõصˣһҽӹȥˣҲ֪жҡʷҲжʱˣǴ̿ѶٵʷҪã
ĵٵʷȻ鷳ϣôܻŴȥӻ̫ôȴܵ˺ˣĪżٵһ°µģؾȥ
ҶС˫һһظĸԵ棿
ԡ
ҶСֻһͨգٸԭûаϵҴӦٵʷѾ御ˣǻҪңʱֺ޵ô˵
ɫεصȵ˵ʷְ֮ܲñ˲Ǽٵİɣ˺ˣһҸة˵˵ϵأܲͲÿ︳ˣ͸˰ɣܱܿ鷳
ҶСתŭΪϲ⻹࣬ǡ˵İһ£һº󣬲Ǵ̿һҪߵġ
ĵ㵱ϲţڱܵһһ

չſڣҶСɫһ⣬չսˡԹ۰տûҶСչ͸¶첮סĻֻⳡ־ʹ˽ˣźط׷ɢȥû˼չ
չüͷһ·ǰߣȻ磡
Ͻյǰã
չһ⣬һʱ벻Ҳꡣ
ܳæúúã뽲
չչҶСĵľͷβ˵һ飬ʰ˵ڶ֣㲻Υԣ
޹չأ첻µز£ǶԹȴǾηĪҶСȷΥԣĲңΨִŭ˹Ķѡ
һ˵ɴͷʹʵԾͬ˵ǧģɣν⡣ҲŹģҸҳ⡣
չ˰죬ش𣬲ݺݵصһۣ㾿ôİ
ڨڨصôҪҪǣ˼ô
չŭҪ֪ôģһ㣿
㲻֪ôģѵҾ֪
չһۣæȥͭʵʱ򣬵ɽȥݷðݷߣ˼ṇ֮̀һܹ⡣
չǲǻҪȺܾã˵ȥͭʣߣ˽֮ǻҪһˡ
һתٺЦǲԼֵĻþŸߺ;ŵѵѵˡ
˵ľŸߺ;ŵչӣߵĶһСģʵ书չҪ֣ôҪС㡣
չ˱һ۵ϻ㵱û뵽⣿ˣԼ仰˵ġԼ֣Ҷ֣ǺԼʲô𣿡
ٺٵظЦֻ顣㵱ʱֻ˵ܶҲðƫƫǲֶܶţͰסԼֽţֶܶţѵ㻹ܶ죬ҧɣ
˵ԼҲúЦ̲סЦȴչһѿ˵԰ôû뵽ֶܶţҿԶ찡⣡磬ѵҲܳ⡣
סˣԳԵص㲻ᡭ붯ɣ
ɲǼ䣬Ժоٶ˵컭棬ϾͷЩĵ뷨ôأöСӺ֮ǵģʰôʰ
ͷһ񺮣ԸȥʱãǿһصЦݣȻǲ˵ԼģҲʶȤزʡ
ȻչͣסˣЦҲסˣģǣȻɹЦ⣬ЦȴԽԽ䡣˳չĿǰȥͼһСԺƽƽ档


09 ʪ˸
֪ضҶСһͨοŰȥҶСԼסԡȥة
ةڻ﷿˰ƣ֪ŮħͷѾȥ˳ǡڶԺſײ磬˱顣
ةҲҶСڷͷѾùˣֻҪݷݵٺϸ£Ȼ󰲰ݷȥͺãҲǳͬ˻顣
ڶһ磬ҶСϴѱ߳ԺţҪȥǰֳͣͼѭƴһԺҡ
վ˵δѡ־ѭ˿㣬ӣҶСһ̲ס䣬ѭȴҲգЦֻһԵȫƵǡݼڡĽϡ
ƴԴӱҶСһ٣ǰٲˣһ˼ֻҶС조ˮԵҲ͵סӡҶСҲѭȤ䣬תȥǰ֣Ȼֶֽһˡ
˶ڽֶ棬ڶȻŤͷҶС죬ʱϲƨƨߵܹ磬磬𣿡
ҶСõúܣûǷջ
һҴĶջ
ҶСƴ밡
ЦЦˣҾǱڹҹҲõس˰ɡ
ҶС죺
˸߲ҵصԭסֻ֪סᣬĹְطҲǲСģȴ֪ĸԺӡһʱҲʣֻõ·ˡ
ҶСʵҸ𣿡ʱҶСŷִ໹ˣֱȥѧ
ǵǣұϰˡ
ҶС죺
ѭ죺
ƴϣ
˹ŹֵӶ²ص磬ȥĶ
ҶСҡȥ͡һģʲô
һʣʱ̾ص磬ںܷա
ҶС㷳ʲôĶˣ
ҳΪ档ҵķҪǡǰѧʱһ˯¿ΣһܿҲ͹ȥˣҲ֪Լøʲôе弹޵ġ
ҶСѭ졢ƴϻ࿴Щ˼άѭ̲סʵڲѧˣǿ˯𣿡
ǰҲѧͲô˯أ
ѭ죺
ƴϣ
ҶСеصడ

Ҫ׼ȻҾ͵ñ
磬㲻ҪЦˣҺġ
棿
ҶС졢ѭƴϵƤӼĳ鴤˼£ѭ޾ضԴҽǲӵܣǺһȣ֮𰡡
ѭ칰ֵƽﶨȻмġèѲס˾˲ĻɫˣʱĻҵҪºֽֽ̡
ѭ죺
˵ֶҶСһŬ˯˯˯˯ţ˼ȥҲûطȥҾˡ
ҶСһߣһ߲ͷصҸҿûʱ棬Ҫ
ƨƨߵظߣûϵ°㿴ЩС춼иءôǸʷٱǶôֻأ
ѭŤһүʵǰͷ䡣
ȻŶԭǸ߼࣬ʧʧ
ѭ죺
ƴϣ
ҶС߽СԵ꣬ڴΪ˰ոոӣ˵Ǹٺ»ҶСѵһѣݡķݡ࣬ԹûУ
ຩЦǳ԰ɣһԹˡ
ҶСŶ㡣͡
һƨڵϣԭͰҿɲܲԵɡ
ҶС죺ãһ㡣డԹ㣬䣬һʱܿ͹ȥˡ
Ǵ׼ȥأƹģһ㡣
ҶС̫үҵȥةҵֱ˾һҪڴ֮ǰҴڳѲѲӡ
üЦصǲãһ߾ˡƹģһ㡭
ҶС޿κΣʵˣҲ֪鰡һʪճ˸ۣ˦˦ˡ
ѭ㣬ҶСˣʷֵ֪ǸŮ֮ȥ
ҶС˫һ²ص㲻ҵˣǷȥͬ˰ɣ첮ôˣ
ſ죬Ҫѱͣһ⻰æŶҽһҴʱ·ѧͬѧ˵첮أ˵˴ˣĺܲҡܲҡҵûѧ˶ܸˡ
ҶС죺
ѭƴϽӦλүȽߵ˼άѭһλչﵽңСӺݺһ٣ǽһңҪˣҿӳ棬չǰסĴɷధչŷ߷ȥ
ҶСЩʸȨͼ޵İ࣬Ӻαػ
ѭ̾һ˼ңɷ㲻ǣΣѵ˼ҰԼɷɲзô
ҶСҲǣΪ֮꣬ƴṈ̀ˣԹһοȻĬֻдǱߣʱһ󡰺ࡱ֡ũԺĸо
ʵʱҶСͳʮһǮȻܹ󣬻еʹӦʮӻûءСԵ꣬ѭڵʵʷˣ㿴ȥߣ
ҶСڴǮȻӦøˮ㶫ŮûвϲƷģȻҶСƷζǶԲһԶŹʵڣŮ˲ϲʵʵĶ𣿷Ů˵ȱֲֻһ㣬ˣݰɡ
뵽ҶСߣȥʮִֹ䡣
سＸÿһֶʮֽ·ڣܱΪʮִֵֻһֵһҶСҪȥľǳʱۼ֤ذմս֡
ǻһǲįˣĸ˲һ·ǰвԶ͹սʮִ֣ӰȻβרעѰͷҶСȫδ졣
չһװ磬СظҶС棬Ա֮ɫĴ󺺣չھŸߺ;ŵҲͨҶСע⡣
ŵʵ̲סСֹС㣬𣿡
չȫעضҶС죬ͷҲصصôУ
ŵСûɽŻ
չЦ˭˵Ҳ᣿ǵȻᣬȴѧġȥɽݼ̹ߣ˼ߵùͦϲģһ֧ѧ÷ҿѣȻҾˡ
ŸߵС㣬ôˣ˰
չʲôֲʲôĶҩֻ˼˿Цһ졣룬ǹٰҪڹϡڴϣǷƵЦѽЦģߺߣҶˣҾˣ㣬ˣ
չӻһܣһ֧ϸëĴСĵȥҶСѸٿ


10 Ц̫
ƹģֻôģ
ʮǮ
һѭʷιŮ֮
ҶСŶǡӣҲûʲô£Ÿ㶫
ѭʷӦõģӦõġ
˲ע⣬ѭݺݡžһԼĶͷĵѭ찡ѭ죬㻹ǴǰҵĶҪǮĹͷһⲻҪǮĹֻΧ˼ҴתȻ벻Գƾɫ
ѭתţǷֿЩȥһЩֵǮҪѹˮֳһͷźġҶСרעƷѭȾߡ
ۣ
չ׼ҶС죬һǡѭҶС󼱼ţëϸӰ٣Ҳ֪ҶС컹ѭ죬ֻǷɵò֪ȥ
չҶС죬ţһġ
չʮҶС컹ûжֿѾ߿ѭҲûжйصƫˡ
չٵȡһţë룬С
ҶСѡö鲻󣬱ЩӨ󣬴ˮĶϣһƽַ飬ҶСǮԶͻȻһЦ
ҶС죬̧һͼԶһҵſڣѭЦҶСʲô°ôģ
ҶСߺ޶ƵĴִǱ߿صЦôʵżǮ˰ɡ
ҶСá˵յͷǮȥ̫үСˡ
ѭƷͻȻƲסشЦƷָ̼ϽԼĶؿǷӡ
ѭЦ˼ЦͻȻûˣĪʱ˿ǸճҶС߳ͻȻһɶƲסЦӿ
ѭϽסͣЦﲻסĻǲðѭΪ֣̿æЦЪҶСԶԶһ䣺ʷˣм£뿪һ£
ѭҲҶСش𣬱ЦӽһСϽһҽȥչѭЦ̬ʱϲˣȻЧͷˣԳٻЩ
չϲ̵ذѴٶ׼ҶС죺ۣ
ҶС츶ʣ׹СĵսУѭԶԶ˵ҶСһѭķȥţëĲȥε̼ؿڡ
ϸë岻ʹƹĺ޾죬ҶС߸ոջӦѭһ䣬ƹıҩЧˡΪʸЩͷˣҩǳһƹķѭ컹졣

ƹȻһЦѽߵҶСƴ϶һֻд޴̩ɽƹ˵ƹģûˣ׬˼ʮǮЦ
ƹЦᶼˣæ֣ȴЦϣ˵޴״ɽŵضҶС磬׹óúÿǼٻɣ㿴ƹġ
ƹĸոסЦæ͵ǵĲǵģ͹ᣬͻ˸ҵһЦµ̫꣬ЦˣȥЦһ
ƹν͵ԼΪͻȻЦ¿ΪԼз財ģԼæҸڣƿ꣬Լܽȥ

ŵﴫıźЦҶС޴һֱĬҶСԱߵƴ̲סҡҡͷ̾˵ЦڲЦ˵ñʲô̶ȣ
ҶС޴ҲǣΪ֮ʧЦ
Զһװչ޼˶ţǵģƫˡ
ۣۣۣۣ
չаȻԼ󲻺ʱȡʤѸװһ·׷һ·䣬ҲˣǼƫбˣҪ˵䲻ҶС죬Ա޴ôԵĿ궼ûС

ҶС쿴ǰһſſȵͻȻЦʱھЩԾˣҶСվסŲƴϵԾôʱ˷ЦⲻǺصʲôرϰװɣ
ƴûɺصϰף
ҶСͷǡиϲˮףһġ
ƴϻȻ򣬵ûУؾûʲôЦϰס
ҶСƬ̣͸ŹŹ֣ɱʲô¶˲źáǲҪˣϻã
ҶС˵߾ߣƴϺ޴øȥչļǣһӴһûˣ
չæңִȻùˣɥչңͻȻǰһֻһ֦˼ңţëϸеԣһ򿪾ͻָԭ״
չæװôΪȷУðձƽھҶС켫ĵطĺġۡһҶСȻδǰУչһЦظں棬ſЦҶС߳ٲûʲô·
չɥվסŤͷһľŵ;ŸߣڨڨصȣʵǸ֣֣ز¶Ķ֣ɲ䲻׼
ŵ;ŸòԼҴС̨ŵæС˵ǡŸߵС˵ģֻ֦˼ңûҩιţʧȥҩ
չ˫һæ˵ԣԶԶԣһ

ҶСʮִȺ߻ƴϡ޴ս˺ͬͬǡþ첮ĵס
ǻûߵſڣһôȾͶ𣡡
źͻȻԺܳ첮ĹŹȣһһȳһյ׷㻹ܣ˾ͱ
һ仰Թվס첮׷ȥݺܰܰһһܲ˵س齫ȥٱ棬ϣһ۵þһ¡
޴ŭֳһգ
첮ϣ첮㵹
ҶС쿴˴һۣ͵שóȥ
ҶСǰ䣬ͦԡ
첮ͷתһۿҶС죬ʱԹչʹʱ˵Ҫǰʷ˵֪࣬Ҫƭʱ˲·ɱ˸ĸ첮ĺҶС˲֮
޴ַھ˭ޣΪ˹飬ȥҼ¹£ʲô˵һȥôɥĵ¶㶼
첮Ĳֻǵһ˫Ѫ۾ҶС죬ҧгݵصĳѵˣкɣ岻żɣ֪ܣ
Ȼɷ򣬵ʱȪӿűôݣûôĹҶС첮ģһĨѪɫɱĲӣ°͡ա۾ͷϷ͹
ҶС¿ԶַˣǷŭѼǡȴͻȻЦ
첮ҲЦЦصôˣ޻˵ˣ
ҶСЦֹЦЦţͻȻûͷû첮ĳȥ軳ʱôûôһͷأôЦʲôЦ֪֪ЦƲЬըƵģ


11 
һҶС춯֣Ҳ־һǡڡݺݴ첮׵èϣ۵첮Ļ˵ˡ
ҶСݺݵذѴƿݳ飬һ߳һһЦЦ㵹ЦĵԣӸ㽲࣬ô֪𣿹
ҶСЦᶼˣŴתͷ޴ࣺΪʲôҪЦ
Ƶô֪ΪʲôҪЦĪϲ˵ë˵ţ鲻ԽԶЩ
ʱ첮ҶСתۿһŰٶߵ㻹ʥأʲôȱ¶ԼԼͷϿʺӣӣ
첮۵ñסͷ棬ŭشУĳʮʫ顢ŹҲ֣㡭㾹Ҵң
ҶСֻըëСë¿ƵӣһţţʱϽʶ֣ʱҶ飬ָҳֵܣ»ұϾϹӵҴ򲻵㣿
ҶСðɣԽԽݣۼɷһǱ࣬в̣æǰ裬ҶС֣Բޣֺݺһ߳ȥ첮߷ڵأź޺޵³˵
첮ķҲɢˣ·ҲˣͷֱѪ߰ߵȫǱ޺ۣǺòǱ첮ĵΪģѶĽַھӼ˾㶼˸߲ңȴһǰȰ
첮ǱۼӹûذƵڵأ˲ϵѪҶСѾû׳ŭشеã˹ģŶҪ㣡
ҶСؿЦȥ氡ӾŵˣھͻȥЪ㣬ٺݺ㣬
ҶСתҪߣĨһˣҸˣHǿٱҪʲô
ҶСƿȺȥ޴ƴæϡҶСǿ˰ΣͻȻЦȫޣ־صҸղΪʲôĪЦ
ƴʱҲˣʵ֪ϾǰŹֵҩķȥ룬벻κοܣֻüͷǲʲôףҪҪҸп
ҶС춯˶첲ȶûκβװղž޶˶˵ЦͽЩ޹ʴЦһ޶֡

ҶСЩⲡҲ֣˻ĪЦ֮⣬ȴҲûбĺҶСһʱòҪҪȥУһۿſڣʼû޹ʷЦҶСҲ״ͷ
ҶСôţةʹˣһҶСʷãҪ㡣
ҶС칰ֵةҺ£
ة飬ȥСҲ֪˵뺷Щ˼סǲҵģЩȵǶһ⣬˰Ǽѡ
ҶСȻӦʵã¹ȥ
ҶСѭ죬ѭʱһλмʱЦʱЦأѭŪλ޿κΣƫƫκβ֢ѾȥɽѮ϶ʦˡ
ҶСҲѭ죬ֻ͵̫үСӣҲôʹʮ죬˼еһƥŸͷȥҲ
µ޴ȻҪߵģʱؼüߵ;ǡÿһŷǣһͷӣϲæͷӣŸҶС˳ǡ
ҶС֪˵عȻڶ࣬ǼҾпɵ˼ңҲǼ˰˼أȴҲټСģһ˰ûǮҲͰˣƫƫϺú˵ҪһС
˼ŪҶС췢ƢǣƢҲǣʵЩơҶСմһ˼֮ĹĵعһңûԺӣһˬ֮ĴЦ
ҶС쾫ʱһЦ˻СعĲյ˭֪ҶСԺһͼǷã·һ͵ƵģԺҲãǸ˼ҡ
ƴٸˣдûУһ
ƴϻδ䣬һˬʵĴЦͷһͼҶСЦޱȻվһԵ޴ʵ磬仰˵ʲôЦ𣿡

ҶСòʹ࣬ΪЦѾˣ˭֪ͻȻȴַһʣҶСҪشȴЦ˵ֻ֡״׹̾˿ҵţַ
ʱſӰһ߳һһһ߷ЦЦӭЦͣ
޴ඨһ߳ĴЦ֮Щ죬ϸһ룬ȻһʱسǳϼʱſŵԾͻȻͷЦ
һͻȻʮˣ¶̿ɫɹǣЦȴδͣλү֪λҼʲô¡
ƴͷĵĪЦᴫȾģ
ƴűͬʱҶСҲЩ룬ʲװͰ͵ضĽǰɣ㶼Ƿ˰ˣһʹ컰˰㾿ܲܽ
Ľһʱү㿴Ҽģҵ̱ڴ۾Ϲˣ裬ǰʱͻȻڵֱ飬ԴһСӣսˣ
ĽһЦһ߿ޣģΪӣŮò˸ӣСԣأҵôôడ
ҶСͻȻҲЦ
Ľ۾ŭؿҶС죺ү㻹Ҷҳˣ㻹Ц
ҶС㡭㲻ҲһЦ𣿡
ĽЦЦ𣿡
ҶСһЦһĨ᣺ҲЦʶ㣬سǼ㣬˵ĲĪشЦɣҡҲһ
ƴϵճ鴤˼£˹ˡ
һۼҶүЦʹ಻һʱҲ˵ʲôҫĽ˵⻰˭Űҵ˼ҼôҵûסզģҸ˵ٲ˰Ůծ
ĽЦüŮͷͣԶҳˣ𰡣λĵĲү۾˵ˣŮծ
ҶСֱŬοĽ´磬㡭˵ˣǺǣ֪㡭ܡҲˣȷʵң
ĽЦŻشˣĺܸ˰ܡеܡܡεܡܡܣǿ
ĽһкáӪӳĻëѾͷܳ˷ӣųһ۰Ͱ͵ؿǴЦֹĸס
ĽһָҶС죬ЦصŮۼöҲˣǮ˰ҲֻǵծԲǣǸүпڱ԰Ƕλү߰ɡ
Ľδ䣬ҶСѾԺţһһЦ㶡Ÿʲô죡ܰ


12 ЪԾ
޴ƴһ˴ծ¼õħצ׷һͼҶСһСһߴЦһʹشɡ
޴ߵҶСߣҶСס޴ʺ֣Цˣ˹ֲôЦȥҪģأ
һͬؿҶС죬˰Σһ䰲ο磬˳˵ǧһЦ
ҶСҪˣŴＶһЦҽһЦôЦЦӴЦҸۣӴҵĶƤۡ
ƴϺЩվڲԶҶСǱ࣬һ̿
޴ګګصҪҴȥҸп
Ҳ˲ü˰ˣҶСظϣһ·ҶСεЦҲᣬ˻صس֮ƴţһλмҸȥ
һ·ȥҶСɻЦͣ·˷׷ײĿţҶСȻһЦҶС컹Ϊ˲ѣͬŤͷȥͼչЦվߡ
չЧػ˿ջǴ簲СɫƣæСĺ֡չȻЩжϰԣվŮŮвϲֵģǾ͸űˡ
ţȻһЦչѭȥͼҶСϣŶЦúòʹ࣬չһ㶣̶ȸԾЧˣЧˣ
ҶСչֻҪһЦ۵ĶƤصԭС㣬㡭ҲЦǺǺǡҪȥУҪҪһȥ
չЦЦó֣أЦֹëǱֱء
ʲô
ҶСһ־ŭصֽţ㡭ʲôΪʲôĪǴ˵еĹƶ
ҶСѲֻһ˵ƣǹƶݵ÷˼ʱ֪ԼֵЦչֽţϾ뵽ܡޱȵĹƶ
չֻʩͣЦʮʱЦͺãҶС쾹뵽ɫĹƶչһ˳ڱǱµĹƣζܰɣ
ҶС󾪣ȻܣơƿһֱЦ
Цһ£κ鶼̲ҶСڲ֪ЦЦȴܲЦһôʹ£ƶӴÿЦݣ治ˡ
չһתȴҲᣬֻ˹ƶ֮廹δȫӦķӦֻһ칦ǹڰ仧ȶͲЦˡ
ڰ仧үֲŮ˻ӣһ뵽仧ɳҶС첻ëȻ˵ƶʵһֶ棬ǻ뾹ġ
ҶСɫ԰׵صҡеʲôƣ
չЦصеǷƣ
ƣ
ҶСԺϻֳһ棺һͷ桢ɵЦķӣŷùͷò˰ӹʱеƤСʯӴͷ
ҶСսƣһ𣿡
չһֱģֻ˵ʲôʱͻᷢһΡ
ҶСŵصҷǲǻ˺·ƨϽ֣
չ
ҶСһɫʱ찡һôˣ
죺
չסЦ㲻ȫʧģֻżʱأƲסԼ硭ĳЩϺԱ
ҶС˿⻹ã˵ֲԣҲðǵĹڲͽҹȥôѹƸҽ˺òãұ֤ԺҲˡ
չ̯˫ֵ⣿ô⣿ҪƶʿĶӣ﷭ŷţҵֻƣ
ҶСֱҲô
չһҶСļ򣺡ڰ˳䡣
չתߣ߳Ǿסߺߣ˾۶࣬ԼԼ٣Լ뵽ƶģֲңԺ󻹸ҵҲ
չ
һչˣҶСȾ׷ȥŵ;Ÿ߱żǰһᣬҶС̧ͷȻǺˣȴҲһǳ׳ˣֻεͣס˽Ų

ҶСΣǣͷɥǰߣʱЦѾǰôˣΪе֦ҩԵʣԴʱѽֻǳӲŻЦ
һ뵽ԺܻܿЪԷ裬ҶС磺裡ֻżǿǷ谡
Աߣİο磬ģأ
ҶСصʲôη財
﷭שضҶСҾԺҪשһֱϣʲôʱ㷢ˣҾ͸һשͷ
ҶС죺
Ц磬ʲôأҲģֻǰΣ辢ȥͺˡ
ҶСŭСӣûûص֣һשͷȥû׼ҷ財ˣɵˡѰשңһ³

ҶСеҲûã
ǰһָҵ
ҶСŤͷһЦ
ٴԶӣüͷϾš˴üͷڳһϸͷոߵҶСͳӹЦ˼ѺԱһԱ⿴ҶС죬ֵصʷιʷЦ
ҶСаգģⲡˣͻȻҶСͷһԱǺĴ𣬼ʶ㣬᲻֪ƵĽⷨ
뵽ҶС춪һȥץסԱ֣״ΣԱ⣬й
ٴǺǵ΢ЦҾ˵أʷôЦô졣Ǻǣԭ˷ϲ¾ˬ
ҶС죺
ٴЦʵʲôˣ
ҶСؽͣеǹƣ
Ŷ
ٴȻ򣬵ģĺãĺãȻֵǮָ¡
ҶС죺
ٴſҶС죬ת࣬ϾͰСӣһ춼ȥˣһҲˣܻƴ뿴ȥ鲻ҵҲ˵Ҫǲѧ͵ѧ𣿡
Դصม
ٴһβӣиŭɣ̧ȾҪߴֻ࣬һϤĴͰѷһŤض㵽ҶС
㡭㡭ԱָŶӣðһʣٴ޺޵ţӻһֽ޺޵ǰһݣţ
ɵǰӸнӹֽһʱϲЦտƱǧ
ϽպƱͷżڵϻȦȦضԺٴô㻨Ǯ˼ô˼ã㾡ܷģһʡŵ㻨ġ


13 Ҫ
ٴݺݵصŶӣ˰죬ڻ޿κεһ̾ȻǧӣǸıǮҲָ⣬ֻҪһڳɹؿһҵ棬ĩʱȥʣ۳ɱСӯС
޴һãȻһѼɷɷģٴһǸĻҪ죬ǿڶؼָ㣺
أҪıǮɹЩҲҪַĵضΡȷ˵ʮִ¸棬Ҳ̫ЩӻǵطҲⲻǮӻиôⶫǴճҪģ㲻رоҲҪôֶΡ
Ŷ
ٴ򵥵Ļشü涸һ絶漴£ػ֣סһ£һ£ʱˣ͸ҹԹԹѧȥѧѧɵġЩ£
ٴ˵꣬ҶС칰˹֣Դ߿ˣӣֻھһĳԣʵԶӸʲôϣҶСͬؿźٴԶȥֻͷ޴ࡣ
޴࿴Ʊͣ죺͸ô㱾Ǯ
ǧô
ҶС˵డͳİɣǲϣҵ̫ܵˡһӾͽӵȫ⣿һǳԲӵġ
޴Ȼ򣬵԰ҳԳʮ꣬Ǹý佾꣬ȲŶԡ硭
޴ϣĿͶҶС죬ҶС˼ϻؾУ
޴һһû˵֪Ҫ˵ʲôˣ
ҶСϻҵȻ֪УؼܴӦ
޴εصǺðɣʵһҿͦæģʵڲ鷳ˡû뵽㾹ôңôҴ磬һȥַ
ҶС죺
޴໶ҶС֣磬
ҶСһסݺݵصǮǮˣȰǷҵʮӸң
޴磬ۻһء
ҶСҼһϴģϢҶû㣬ɲˣ
޴ˣʱüЦմմϲصۣôһ˵һռˣ˵ҰܼңⲻҲʡǮô
ҶС죺
޴磬ƱһʱҲͷȥӣ𣿡
ҶСǡðɣɼס˰ˣ
ҶС챾ȥпģ֪ǹƶͶͷȻޱȡޱȵĹƶһε˵չ˵ˣΨһĽⷨǰѶʿһӼ޲ȥ
ҶСڶﰵţո߳ͻȻ޴ࡰһЦҶСڶЦرУתȻʵ࣬ѵҲ˹ƶ
޴ס͵ЦûУûйƣҾ뵽ռһϢıˣ̲סЦ
ҶС죺

ҶСһﲶûɵػתãյſڣ߾ͼ߳һһҶСϲʷ˻ãүԸСȥ㣬үڶҪ
ܱΪүȻǺҶС첻֪ʲô˵ҲӣҶСҪٲţһԶԶ
ҶСһЦɫ࣬ŤͷȥͼһȺ޴سøмջŰ̧һˡ
һӭȥȵſڣʲôɥ߿߿˭ڴ£ץȥǵʷүƨɿ
һ⻰ΧŰ߱߿޵ļϾһһ긾ˣ޵ʷĶҪʷԩʷģ˵ҪٺΰСʷ
ǲ˵״ģøˣæܻҶСߣʷˣǻ˵Ҫ
ҶСһû֮ǰЦ̫ãɤѾˣӦҶˣֲ
ҶСߵǻǰһپǱصʷкԩҪڱ٣
үҵү
˺һһͷ˵ҶС£һ˱סҶСһȣصؿΪ̫ǳһүһĴʶ˵ˡ
Ů˿޵úòңҶС첻ҲЩᣬκôȥվǸ¶Ů˱ĴֻǿޣˮĹ°ڶʪ͸ˣ˾кԩҶС컹һҲס
ҶСֻðολͲҪٿˣǾ״ˣкԩϸϸ˵
ֱޣ˵ۼŮ˲£ǻֳһ׷Բۺ׵Ϻ߲һҶСǰһͷڵϡ顱ֱ죺үɵСۣҶӡԩ
ӣ
ҶСȻݣղΪŰɵǸأʱһŷŰ׷ϣǰѪȻòˣ״״Ҳԡ
ҶСϺҲǿ޵ָָһȻݣɫл򾲵ӣ˵
۽ǣߵҶСǰ¿ͷ£ʷү
ҶСţ˵ʲô£
صʷүŰŵˣǲıܣ˻ˡ
ҶС쾪˻컯֮£˸Ϊ˭µ֣Ϊɱˣͷ
ߵһͷҶСһһʮ˵ԭǱչйݷ㣬ǡ¥һҾкáھ죬֣ȴһڣߺͥšپأ
мԭһСأҸռһ룬ƽʱЩáҷ·Ȧ˽ȥԼҵԺǽ͹ҵķɽǽһ
ô۸˵¹̣ۣһڼƣЩ˶ǷĺݽɫݷһԲϣ㼴֡
ݷ㱻ûûصһȭţõŻѪһֽţæжŰ壬̧ŹݷȥУǶȴˣվ׻ɣȫĪЦ·һȺӡ
ҶС̲ס鴤˼£ʹĿЦ¡
µǱڸһ·ϾŻѪֹϺмӣҲûʱȥѰڶλУֻȾұܡ˭֪˵̫أлʩȣһغˡ
˵գ᲻ֹҶСȵϸ˸ǿ޵Ȼ¡һȻʹȥԱ߿긾ϱһݵϺϰ飬˼æǰ
ҶСŭţھȻ˰裬ɼƽεΪ컯֮£Ȼ
ҶСŤͷƴ˶һ㣬·˼׵ģҶС첻мһۣڲǿȥһҶСʱЩй
طһ򱻰Ϊǣ׶ɼһߣƫƫطˮã˵زһϰ߰ȵġҶСֻһͷڲûһӵġ
ҶСüĿһɨһˣһָȵ˼ŵϷˣֻؿ˼
˼Ǹϲ죬ǸͷҶСˣҲǺҶС֮ѡҪԭȴΪʵȫһ۵ͻΥ
ҶСಶദˣÿһ˵鶼˽⣬˼ȥ˼Ȼۿۡȴ˼ߵߣСʷүˡ۲ץ


14 һ
ҶСȻץһƦ˵ץ
ܰͷˣԭֻǷһƤȻץͶүһӾͶˣԲ˲үˣ۾͵ˡ
ҶСüүĸү˵ľ
ܰͷͷԣľүˣүۺүүֱһŵǲѽ
ҶСؿ䳰үүǼҵĹҧˣЩԹҷˣҲðǼү
ܰͷһ죬ڰصˣôϻô򹷻ÿˣȮȴǡ
ҶС̲סЦҵ˺أһֱ˵ľôһ治ףΪʲôٸη֮绢˵طЩʿȷʵٸɵֵǰ
ɺãִˣֻľµһСɫܿľѹͲ֪Լ»ôһų͢ٺ»ȻϷ
ܰͷЦ˰ةүƽǳֵܣϵ쳣ܣةĶͷ˾붯үˣǲǡȸةк
òţ
ҶСŭˣӣѰ¶Ź죬ةкѵ͸һ׮ӣܰͷƽǿʯ𣿡
ܰͷְ
ҶСʶ𣿡
ܰͷְ
ҶС㲻ʶҿԸ㣬ʯдǡٺ»֬ࡣŰۣ
˼ͷˡ
ҶСȻ㻹һˣô£ʲô٣ʷһе
⡭ְ
ҶСֿЩЦĲ죺ܺЦǲǣǵ˰Ϊ죬аŮǿ֪֪ܣ˼ҵӣҲϰ߰ԼˣһȺӣ
Щ첻ЦˣϺһһģһһԵĲ㬵صˣǸأ֪үү
ҶСȵʲôүһ˼ҳӵ̼𣿱ٸѲ춼ֵܣľǰʲôүүүү㻹Ǹ˵Т
ͺ죬ͷҧɣֻҪԸС˾ȥˣҪľ
ҶСʷţֻҪҲҲͷϣ
ͷ߬ͺ˼ͷҸȥ
ҶСһָ죬ҪΪǲͿͷڹ꣬ǶܰͷǲҪȥˣͷҪǰǸָҴ
ڲ¶ɫܰͷʵҿʷŻҲҶ˵ֻøˣӲͷƤȥˡ
ҶСֶԹµǲҪˣ̧ʬ壬ȥšҪȥˣѴʵϱִ鰸һһ
˸м㣬ҶСͷҶС쿴ŰѪģʬ壬Ҳǰϸˣ̾˿ʾ۴ȥãԼ¹ڣȥ
ҶСһһ룺ػӶ䡪裬治׼Ȼˣ͢ôһŸʲôЦôҵ鲻Ըĵʷûٸ鷳ҵ鷳һ鳢ɣ
ҶС˶ãͼѭǶ֪ظ֣üͷȥѭ߻һŮѯʲôҶСҴһɨ;ζ쳣꣬һʶȥˮʱԶԶƹһۣš
ҶСȥҾˡ
֪ػûܷˣҶСҲֻõ֪ݡһ绨ֽˮ硢ҹʵ˾ޡ
˵ˣҲ˵ֻɷʾ⣬ֶԵܵС䣬档ҶСʷȻײˣ֪صȻҪһԼķˣǶһھ͸ɵ֪ؾûǸˣһҶСʷ﷢˼׮¡
ѭ죺
ҶС죺
̯̯֣ҶС֪Ϊ޹ʷЦǱҪ˵ˣ޹ʷͻȻЦ¼ĪͻᷢЦһЦһʰѭҲǵֲֹҲԭ򡭡
ҶС죺
ɫһ˵ĺܺЦô
ҶС켱æ֣ЦЦҲֲ
羪õɴ۾Цѭ켱æ̧ͷҶС죺ʷҲ˿Ц
ҶСЦٷЦ˵ڰ龭˵ˣѭһԼùĳ㣬ҶСǣ۱չ˹ƶԹʷˣ۲ô˵İ˭˭ˣ
һλˮչҵĴʱһðβӲͷƤѭֻ޹ǣۣԴȥ飬չ̧֡
ҶСЦûõģ
˵ҶСͻȻһ룬չȻԵЩʵԻǲģϴڡ󸹬Էһ˵ôңϾͷǰ𣬻Ǯҡ
֮ڽͷסǴΣ߳ǸϹӣҲǷǳȲǿˣô񶾵ֶΣл֪ȥнⷨǾչҡ
뵽ҶСֻЦһ죬ԭҲʱͷ財ǲҪ˲ѭȥչΪⶾմչһЩҲȥġ
׵˵ĺеΪ¡ԭΪǱطʲôŹֵߣȻǹƣǾͽ廹ϵˣˣѭ죬ߣ
ҶСΪһټͻȻЦֹҪ˵¶ˣȻѭ뿪ҶСûһԭ棬תһ룬˷ûץٵȵҲ޷ҶСȥ֪һйҵȺ԰ꡣ
˵ܰͷһ˴ҴҸּңСزЩСһָƣ·ܿ͸ϵңȴ뵽һʣ־Ȼڣǰֵܱ˹ݷһٺ󣬾ʹž뿪ˡ
ܰͷȷʵʵȻѬүҶСѾһΥ֡˵ҶСظ˵ţܰͷԼֻһȵˣү㲻ҲСƽϣ㲻ϺӦܵʷ𷣡
ܰͷֵСȰС緸ӣӲģһζӣʱҲ㻹˵ȥ򣬾ǷΣүǰйϡ
СŸҪϴ·һܰͷ⻰ľϺݺһ裬ƿڴ֣¿ë˻ǰɣﶼ˵֪ȥĶˣ㻹ߴߴģûꣿ
ԱżվһЦˣû˶ʲôУοүλʷ֪ǳȻүĻ룬ھ͵ſʷЦء
ܰͷСͨ죬ڨڨصСл˵
СŽҾôţ
ܰͷŭӣ
СզһˣбԼȥҴ磬ȥѽȥүȥ
ܰͷͷˣܰͷǳ⶯ŴҶ˵Ҽҵģôߴôɾ
СޱȵʲôֵõϹײȿӽѵҾܰôţ
ܰͷʵˣʵһ޼ɡܰͷףŶҡ
Сһң
СͻȻӦȻŭʮָŵؾܰͷȥ֣
ܰͷ𣺡
һ߶һ˴һš
Ժڲվһȫˡ


15 ɽѪ
Ҫ˵СҲܴܰͷģܰͷĺ˼ĶִŮˣҲֱ۶СĹҪץסСֱۡ
Сȴʮָ⣬伫һܰͷֻϣ˫˫֣ҲСӳ˵צۡܰͷСӸʱִżƤɽ
ƷɼҺɽϵǿУֵһزݹĵڲݵϣŶȺߺسŸ裬ݴϤϤһ죬Ȼ˵ˣ
һͼһ࣬Լʮ˿첽ɽӭȥʵôˣ
Ϊ˷ܵشŴˣ̵ģǼˮɺҩһͷţҲøҹԹ¡
ֹЦֵǣߣ
סţֻйĸǸСĲڣȥˡ
΢΢һźصϧˣ˵ܵ˺ֻܲǻ鷳ٶһ֣ġ
˵꣬ӻֵɻˣ
ݴ߸ˣüۣࡣǵĳ൹εĿֻƽʱϰЩ˵ı飬ö֮Ȼͳôһģ
·ֽ˷ֱһ֪ΪĶɽڻҵˮɺҩϵˮķʱѻ赹ڷԡ
Ƥңţϻ򸾰ˣȻǻƤصãɻһŶطܿǾѳ˻ƤְѻƤУϸϸǹ⻬ƤëЦ
ְѻƤãһһԼ˵֣¼׳ڻԺһӣֵԺǰСӱʮˮעǸӡ
һЦԸǹĸϹ
Ƥһ֣ѻϺϹӣϺһˮɺҩľ͹ȥˣǶ˫ֶţһմˮֻѡˮֻǿûӣϺǿ̧ͷŭؽеǸʲô
Цʲôүһ죬Ӧ֪н죡ִ˸ָһԲתȥǿɽµĿڴһַֻֻԸȥ
缸˴Щڴˮ㵹һɰڶڶ㵹ȥʱϵ򸾾ͱ۾Ͼ͸оˮѸˡ
ϵͻȻ׹ɴ󺧣ѿڽеʯңЩ󡭡ȿȿȡ
Ȼͷʯҷ۷꣬Ǻ˵ˮٶߣϵֻ˼͸еʹѵ̲סҽ
ֵվڿӱ߹Цʯˮİ취ǵ˾ͷﷸðԼõһַġࡢƤǣǵȣҲ˾ͷ˳õֶΡ
ȻѪܵģܵʹȴԶʯˮʯˮɢܣˮˣƤʹһʱˣʹǲ̡
϶㲻֪ôүԣǵ³
ֶݺݵһ䣬ŻϺ˺ѷεĲȻɽסЩ룬ǵǳҪ鷳һڣȵߣ
ֿƤһƤС·سȥˣϵʯҿҽз·ˮ㣬Ƥһ䣬ѪѸٰѰɫʯˮȾͨ졣ǵĥڴֲڵϣƤ¶ɭɭ׹ǡ
ȵ뻪һ˼ԼĲҽУ̽ʱϺ̱ѪɫʯˮУڣ׹ɭɭȻ

ҶСõ˺ܾãЦľֹȥˣǲ̫үСӻʱܰͷԵһಶȴˡ
ҶСһܰͷñҲûˣҲɢˣ˺һһڿз裬Ůӧ磬һһȫѪۣһѪѾ˰̡
ҶС־ŭصܰͷǡִģ
ܰͷͷɥصʷүֲڼңְѯһȥӱƿڴԻְһʱΣ˼䣬
ҶСŭһŮ˰书
ܰͷҡҡͷչŮˣְûȭԡ
ƨñ򣡡
ҶС첪ȻŭָܰͷıӴҪҲ÷ֵַطֶַ˭Ů˾ʹ򲻵ãǴ̵ʱһŮȥͺˣսϲŮɷϱŮбðͷһŮ˴ִܹ֪֪й񣡡
ܰͷɫҶСݺݵصΪͥ´ţӶ㣡ִйʱΪԷŮˣͲִΪִ˻˴⸱һ㣡
ܰͷͷʵʵصǣְסˣ
ҶСֿЩ죬Ŀⶨ΢΢Цϣô˵ûץ
Եֲڼңֲ֪ȥץõ
ҶСûץǾͼץܵ˺ܲҾͲؼҡ㣬ˣȥҸ׿غֻҪһ֣ϰˣ
ЩؿҶСһۣҪץ
ҶСҸˣҾͲţһصʷβһƤ
Եãȥֻǵץɱڣ
ҶСصٲ㿴Ц
ЦҶС쿴ܰͷǸǱֲ࣬ĵܵĲ죺ץˣָֻץ벻ץץģŮˡӻӣôװһϢôǾ͸ô죡
ڲӦһ
ڲˣҶСֿܰͷˣؼȥץЩҩϣɱ࣬׼٣ڼЪЪܰͷشӦһתҲˡ
ҶСҡҡͷȥǱߣҵĹСִ˺ȻݣҲӲԶѰּãйҰͣȥȺϢ
˱ûָܸǳƽͷձް취ֻܰԩϣڹٸҶСʵǰ참ȻǸж£ǧлȥˡ
ҶСվڴſڣس˻ֻأòµĵԼٵٶģЩĳ͢٣һĶڻججӣԳһЦ
ʱ֪СӴˡ֪Ťͷѭչǽˣ˹ƣȴǲҶС⣬ҶС죬ֻ˵ƶδͺãȥչ
ѭǣһ£ҶСǸӣҡͦϲ㿴ҵڻûɼңҲû֪֪ȵ˶
֪ذΪڸǰʷҶС֮ʣˮ֮ʱţһôڵϱɥء
֪ŰӦţҲ֪ǴӦǲӦһ̧ͷҶСվڴſڣ֪Ͽһѭ̧һڳһɥ࣬˱ҶСӭȥ


16 ӯ
ҶСһ֪ػϿ첽ӭǰȥϣѭͶȥȴѭһûҪģҶСЩϣʱɢȥ
ҶСˣǡûô
ҡҡͷ̾˿
ѭԾ࣬λڶĴ˸磬صȥ㡣˵ͷ߿ˡƶδ⣬ַӦʵѰҶСҲû룬ֻʧ̾˿
״οҶСҲ̫ģϸ̹չ֪ƶ˵ǽзƣʵҲǳǡֻǻżʧأرأ񡭡ˣƷ衭ȣ㲻Ҫ̫࣬˳Ȼɡ
ҶСͷΪ䣬Ҳû˵֪صҴѭȥչʱգʲô£
ҶС˵ֵŹһ֪ԴŭգǬССƦҴ޷죬ֿɴ鰸ô
ҶСִˣ뿪˼ң֪˴¹˼ãĿǰδץ
֪صץջӰͼΣŰһҪִ鰸һһ죡
ҶСէ֪Ȼ˵ǣҹţʮа˾ǲصľץ˵ĻҴȥһѡ
֪صʱɫȻľľкθϵ
ҶС͵˵ľ£ڷǳš
֪ɫһ䣬ΰһãнַڽǣ̶ŹбΡҲΪֻһ֮ǣءءء
ҶСɻص˵˼ǡ
֪ص±ػύةȥ죬ܼ֣ͲҪˡ
ҶСĬȻΣ¹֪ˡ
ҶСһ֪֪ηľûаȥ׿ץ˵Ϣ߻֪أִ鰸ֱùһԩʱڰȻϢˣΣ
֪ؼҶСȰ˿æˣΪЦ֢֮ɤӶˣͻȥϢɣһ˸Щ֮һ
ʱسǴȥɽһ׮Ѫ֡һȺƦոջصسǣһѻƤүǮȥˣ˻磿
̧ͷһϵԼסһӵһƤ꣬ƽҴ糤̵ģһСֵܡֻʮͣΪľЧͶľʱ־ͰҲȥˡ
ּˣ¶ЩЦģСӣȥ죿
Ƥյǰصص磬ȥĶٸȥأ
һȻٸ
Ƥ㻹֪
ֶֹȻݣɵʱݷֻŻѪֹҲû뵽ô򣬲Щ㶡˼ˣ㼥Ц磬㱾ĵӣ¸ϰҪˣڿүˣٸҲ߹Ұô
ͣ
ֲмЦһۣȻʲôֻû뵽ǹôЩ⡣
ƤУأǲȥ㣬Ϊ㲻ڣӿڽˡ
ŭˣ˭Ӵˣ
ƤܰͷǸŵŲһƨ«ٺ٣˸Ѫͷ߳ŭͺӶ֡
ֵô
ƤȻû˭ԿҷųʱݵظҶأ˵Ϊһʲôӡ
˲Щ飬Ҷе㲻岻ǰӦһΣͷһʱ׾ݣΪֶﻶģͰ֮ǰ͸ӵһ֦͵͸뾹ӷˡ
һֱСô˼ʱһСﶯֵ֣صعʲôʱôˣ磬ֵ¶ںҲ쵱һӱ˴ˣװƣҿɲ̡
Ƥһ壺ǰ磬¶ɲܾôˣҪȻĶڣ
һȻ̣ܵǸ˵ôֵܼҲţǽѵѵȥ
һƤåת˼ļңƤ˷ܵһഺ͹æȥˡ

ЩҶСȻ޴֪û֪ҩˮȣҹ޹ʴЦ˼ΣȵǹЦ֢״ѾˣҶСࡣ
ҶСʰͣţһǰΣƴϺѭһվңֻһֶһࡣ޴һҶС죬ױƵķһʮĴԪЦص磬ϣһĲ٣ǲǸȥѡַˣ
ҶС컹ǹҹ׿ץֵЩ죬Ҳ֪ûУ˼졣ӣԴﻹЩûҪȸȥšżȥѰĵطͷٺһȥö
ˬصһأȥźˡ
ĸȥǰͣҶСѧˣٲ͵¶൹Ǽĺһˣܺسе͵Ľɫ˳Թͣһ·ʳá
ҶСһãͼԵ˴ŹǷûɵվ⣬һҶС쵽ˣӭҶСʵץˣ
ԿҡҡͷˣСһҹָû
ҶСüһҹδ飿ĪηǱˣ
ڨЦˣηǱˣǵˣ˵ûеֻ¡СĴˣֳԺζģ޶ƽﱾͳ飬ҹ˵Ǹˡ
ҶСͷǼȥϢɣȲֻҪûߣǾеץЩȥѰ
Լ˴ӦһɢȥҶСѭԴߣҲûɹʲô¶Ǿƶݣ˻ƴһ٣Цݣֶ磬һҲֵˣȥ䣬ϴ鰸
ѭĵҽ˵Ҫ㲻Ҫٹܴ£㻹Լصʷˣ
ĻѭһǲģҶС÷򣬴˸ȴһҪͽġҲΪץһƦжصĺһڴӦ˼죬λƵسš
౳۰Ͱ͵ؿҶС죺磬û£ǿ˰ɣ
ҶСƴϵͬȥ
ƴϰϤ˷Ը
Ǿ߰ɣ໶ϲ˵һ䣬ıôš
ɽɽ룬Ұ֮У·ء
Ʒɹڷǰѿ޸ɡ
ֽǮĻҽһɫĺڿз衣
Ʒɽƺһоǰϣγ̵ָһȻȥѪ죬һָƷȴȫʹüͷδһ¡
ָĺȡһذײСָֽѪ嵶صʣԹ޵رسǡ


17 ࿪
ƷɽǵʱҶСƴϡ޴ʮִߣ޴ҶС磬պֺҾȥʮִǱתתѰһҺܲĵ棬ȥ￴
ҶС⣬û뵽ôһججˣҵȻģҶС佱ģ֪ôϽһο
ƲˣؼңǡҵԸˣ˵һڣ澭κϢ
ҶСôǰ̣ΪһȴŲˣ
ҵ˵ҵϢԺҪô̲סһҪôᱻһȹ˵
ҶС죺
ƴ޵֪Ī
ҶСһϣȻˣģɳһҵһ
޴ཾصȻ
ҶС˵˵Ѱҵص㡢ǡ
޴쵽ʮִй䣬ȻƼһҵ棬ֻĸŮˣǹԲ󣬿ˮ飬˵ĿˣҾ룬Ǻھ̣ҵͷ̧ͷģǸúεġҺˣҲһɣҾͰǼԱǼҵˡ
ҶС죺
ƴϣ
޴ûжͷһ죬͵ԱǼҵͦģûˡҾĥʮִֵطҪⲻõĵ̣ҲѽֻҪúþӪ׬Ǯȴδء
ҶСţеȻѾѡַҸʲô
޴һûö׼⣬ҲııҪǾòףˡ˵ڼúкôһȥҲֲ˼ģҴ磬ȻҪҡ
ҶСεصãôʲô뷨ô
޴Ҵ㿪ӻӣʲô߰Ķҵ˵ôⶫÿֻ̫࣬ҪȫճõĶȻˡ
ҶСͷ룺̫ףĻǿҲܿȥ
޴ͻȻǰһָ˸߲ҵصˣ磬㿴
ҶС̧ͷһͼһӻӣϱŤŤ֣ӻ̡ſţһЩɨľˮͰһĶǶҶС쾪㶯ÿ죬ˣ⡭ⶼҪˣ
޴Ц磬ˡⲻҵĵ꣬ҵĵԱߣ㿴
ҶСתһԱ߹ȻһҺӻӲСĵ棬ſţ塣ҶСеԺǼҹŵĵţֿӻ̣̲סʵ࣬ղ˵Ҫʲôţ
˸߲ҵصӻ̰
ҶСһָԱǼŵӻ̵ӻԱ߿ӻ̣
ֱ׳صǰ
ҶСŤͷƴϣ˶еΡѾһ椡ӻȥͷҶС磬Ҹ˵Ǽھӡ
ƴϿЦŶҶСˣ껹׷Ů˰
ҶСҡͷ̾Ϣֻ꿪ɣҲ׷
ӻ̵ĵ治̫СʵʮִôĵطӻЩ˵ģǮ٣Ҳֻܿӻ̣ɱҲ󣬵ӱ˳еӻңѵõǣ޴ӣխխĹȥð
ڽǸٵϸˣ˽¶ЦݣҪӭǴ࣬һƨȥûصҵ˭ԭǴҼҸڿӻ̵ƹ˵ƹôôУҼʲô
޴֣ЦⲻǸȡôۿҾడ
޴˵žͶλϧǸˣһǹ˵ĸŮסʱһŮǳԽ𣿡
شǰҶˣû𣿡
ˣҪզءﰡŤˣűˣŮú̺̺㣬ں档
üЦӴҹŮТ˳ģ椰ĵʳǰû͹
椴ˣ˭ᰡƺöɣ
ĸŮһһôһԴ޴౳վȻҶС쿴ЦԷǣһడҲкˣͻԼɡ
Ͻһ¸
˵꣬ԼһˣǸ˵¶˵㿴ɣ㿪ӻ̣Ҳӻ̣أѧҲ֪ȥĶϻҪôţҴûô
ҶСƴ۾͹˳ӻԱ߿ӻ̣ϻԱӻϻ⡭ϾȻļƷܼӣǸƺҲôסˣ˰ΣŲ˵صƹģϷŪǲǣ
޴༱ûаҺġ㿴ɣӻҲӻû෽㣿ɣ嵥ɶһݣҲھ͸Ǯгɣ
޴˵žʹʮصĴԪǸǰһơӻеĶֵʮӣԪһʱǸ˿ˡšƹеȱ۶
ƹȱ۶ܲҲȱ۶ɣ˵ĵؿһҶСƴϣһЦȴûǰ˼˼֣λѣǻûܵԲĵز
һתɰӸиӣ㿴ҪУǾôˡ
⸾Ǹӻ̵ģȻʶ֣óһ̿һֽϷɿдд꣬޴һȻƪȴҲףͷ
ţ
ҶСܲۿ޴ԿխＷվ޴ߣͷһ嵥ʱȻŭƹģһֻҪʮģ˵ۣۼۣʮİĶӹˣ㵱ֵɵӣ
޴ʵ磬ܹô
ҶСⲻй
ʲô
޴һҲˣ˵ƹģ㲻
ǴһƱʶƣʱһҲѵҼҿӻ̣ƫҪҼԱ߿ӻ̣ôôСӪǿڣ۸ǹ¶ĸ
޴ŭƾ°ҪǾȥңҲӲǡ
һһ޴⸾˵Ķ֣һɫߺߵشͳöԪһģҿˣ㲻ϻҶҵĵ꣡
ǴһĶȫʮӶ̴ֵڻƽضΣǺֵǮԼֵһʮңټЩҲһʮ£޴ó´ˡ
ضκãһǲģͬ޵ķһˣһǮĻˣĻƴ⣬ƴ𰡣
Ҷӻ̣ǰţҪ⡣Ȼˣѵˣһ׬һʣڽսƴܾˡĸŮӣطӻ̣ʡһǮ
뵽ԥԪã㣬
ŭؿʼҵ꣬ҶСƴٶȿſڽࣺ˵õϼϻôôǮ̸£Ͱϼˣôô
Ĺ򣬴ʹѾѺ뱸
պԼԪź߸£椣椣
˼һƣӺ߳һλȻ£Բи࣬üۿΣϸԲΣģҶС쿴˴һۣĵм۹⡣
椰ӰôˣҪǻûŪ۾Ͳˡ
椽һ棬صﰡҪͷɡ
ֵصڶˣͷɶ
ߴصˮŶˣ˼Ҿַ˵棬桭ֶˣ˼Ҿַ˵ˮˮֶˣȣڣӣʣ´衭
ߺߵصˣҲúȥˣһͷһɣҲʣһڣɡʰʰǶˡ
ĪǼͷϣҲҶʣæӦһȥʰĸŮС껹סԵﶫǲ࣬ܿĸŮͳ˵ꡣ
޴ʱƺˣ۰ͰͿ˼ҹ뿪ΪӡҶС࣬ҪϲǾʹȥ׷ҿſۣƺҲе˼
޴֣ص磬㾡ң˼ܿô
ҡָ֣˼ҽС硭
ɶҪһϹأ
ƴϣ
ȻҶСĵ٩֮⣬ĵɡҸհ˼ҼߣҪ˼ҵĹ᲻̫Щ
ҶС쿴˿øֵӵĵ꣬̾⣬ҲϣһЩźá
޴ҪҲ׼չ򣬿˼ҵĵˣҲϿӪҵˣҶСѾƶԿһ¾͵õٴϣҲ𣬿ôҲû취
ۼԼǾȲܼˣҶСƴֻε뿪뿪ûãδġӻ̡һͷ˫˽Ĵ飬ӭȥʵ壬ʲô
ͷָָԱûŵС꣬ʵڵôûҵ
޴ЦڰѾˣҾ¿ҵ
ͷˣˣˣ׿ͷؿʧˡ
̣ʲô
׿ͷһֱǼҵֻ꣬ǰѹѹۣһֱûɿڣû뵽ˡȣ˵꣬޿ҵҵʲô
޴Цҵ꣬Ҳˡ
׿ͷɴ۾ʵ⻹ҵ꣬Ǯ
޴ָ
ͷҡͷеˡҪһʮͷ˵ͻȻ뵽ʲô´޴༸ۣĴָߣʵǸߣǸˣ
޴಻Ϊѣǫصϣ
ͷٺٵЦҡͷţˣ˰
ͷҡͷ̾ߣһԹŶ̵ǡڴʱڵ⣬Įǰһӻ̣޴๰֣ƽʵͼݣľүĸۡôߣ


18 ֹ
·˵Եһֻݣ˵үϲϡҰȥ׬ЩǮҡҵͨľƵ·䴫͵ģԴľҵסϤ
ĵΪƷָ˵·ʱĻƷоһİˣһͨĹͣȻ뵽˽󽫻ʲô
ҶСƴϸϻã·˵ĻƣЩʧЦٴ˾ܸɵĴˣƫƫôһӣжٴϧǴһͰɽﲻΣ
ٹӾ͵ˣǰȻˣŲעĿҶС춨һͷǰһԣһҲԼǵգǽȻҶСվס˽Ų
˹ȻģԶҶС죬˱ӿ˽ŲܵҶСߺصʷˣܰͷˡ
ҶСһܰͷڼЪôʲôˣ
Եֻ˵ܰͷӴȥܰͷĻܰͷһ١
ҶСʱɫȻֽӿڵܰͷȱˣҲ֪ܲܡ
ҶСؿڵܰͷסȥ
ҶСϵܰͷʱѾಶѶܰͷԵã£ȻҪ̽
ҶС֣ĲĬĬظһ·ĿУЩǴ
ҶСûǣԴм䴩ȥ߽ݣĿһƬǽ壬ΰʻƿ¼ȫˣֱǽǵ̨ƵĴȻһʯͷ
ܼѶܼ߳ҳܰͷˣһܰͷϸסоĻҺһСŮСѾͷӵǣĸ׵½ǣүү档
Ϻ˵ĵʷүʱֲ̿ѣæǰҪߵͷҶСϽһס˵˼Ҳضˣȥܰͷ
ϺӦǣǼӲй͢ټ٣ϺЩ޴룬Ҳ֪Ǹͷǰ·ӦøҶС棬ֻòӣŽŶӭҶС졣
ҶСԴٵĺصʷͷһܵҶС룺ԭܰͷʵֶĸףүʵ˰
Ϻ߸ͷذҶСýݣŵܰͷ˼ʷүˡ
˼˵ʷˣžҪҶСȥһѰס𶯣šҶС˵ţſ˼ӣͷŭʱ
ܰͷԴϲűҼ࣬ճף촽߸ߵţҲˣѪһƣ෢ŬҪſ۾ֻ۾׵һĿܣҲֻſһ϶
ܰͷ
ҶСЩʱ˵ܰͷȣϵƲᣬû뵽ܰͷ⸱ģܰͷ촽˰Σżѵ³ģۣʷˡְ
ҶС֣㲻˵ˣҶף
ܰͷ¶Ц飬εر͡˾ҶСҲ֪˵ʲôˣһƬףֻдҴ˷ĺܼվһߣۿɷңĨᡣ
ҶС춨ؿܰͷƺҪűòεμ˺ðΣҶСų֣̽뻳ǶʮصĴԪ
ҶСԪߣϺүӣܰͷģ١Ѵ̡ǾŰɣѴ򻵵ļҾðһ£ҪܰͷõУһҪסȡ
ϺܼӿǶԪˣʮӣ˼ҪԲٺ»ܵó⻹ڳ͢Ƿнٺ£ôһǮܼ˸û
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ҶСɲҪǮҲҳģܰͷҽҩѡҪټʡˣ󻹲ǴҳԺȵ𣿡
ϺЩŵҶСô˵ֻ滰̤ʵЩΧЩǺŵϸȻǶЩպĵʷ֪أλʷͳԼǮܼңôǮǶҶСΪĹۡЩٶֻ֪ʹǣʱ˭ǷϹˣ
ҶСϺܼӵܰͷҪҾͲˣ̽ˡ
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ԡȻһಶҲҶСһϺ뿪ˣĬظҶС쵽ڣڹԵʷէֵǶвʷˡ
ҶСͣס¿ȻҲͷʷƴܰͷֵǡܸм
ҶСһʼЩɻһһĵǸǵ˼ҶСʱ˵ˣ
ԺȻǳҶСǸģҶСôôһģòƺܲˣһʱڲЩͷˡ
ҶСǲǾãҿܰͷˣھΣҺܲóЩǮΪ
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ǻǲ˵Ѿ쵽Լƺʲô
ҶСЩܰͷȥץˣִΪְԵľ뷹ѵȥǱصʷӵȥץˣʲôΪʲôҪھΣ
ǱҵŹ򣬽ֱɱȥļңԴΪʲôΪʲôصĴͽִĲ컹Ҫףûеԭ
ǵֵܱ˴Ƕûһ˿ͷȻܰͷһǮΨһ뷨ǣ̫ܼҵʧԵõֲˣܰͷȴűסˣҰǲеĴҰ
ҿĵһźرԡƦ۸ЩĶԱô۸ָǱĺذղ۸
ΪʲôǲԸٸ˰ЩǮˣΪʲôÿ磬䳰̧ͷΪʲôÿʮִʱһЦ
ǺصĲ죬ǵĶӡӡӣһҪǵİ࣬죬Ȼ۸˳Ц
⺷Щ⺷İգûηˣǰƻڱǸǿǰȴӻҪ˳أӶ磡
ָʲôأָгһճ͢ɸĹٱָгһճ͢Ǩĺ˰գʱǵӻ˵ǵĶӡӡӵӾܺùһЩҸǣܣ
ʲôԸеʲôҳеôùҹعӣһ£ס˰˳ɶ˺ˣЩҲѧЩɽһǵˣ
ϵػţһ紩ϲ칫ȥõʱ򣬽ַھӲﳰ㣬𾴵кԼȥȡǵϵ
ڨڨصʷˣүңŵүǡ
ҶСүôˣڹݿһˣҪ˵ΡĴǰ˴գȰ˴ոһЩ˾ү˺أǲҲҪһϹϾûµˣΪʲô£
õүôˣΪʲôõүЩɽŭүŭسİǷŭΨ±۸ùǷŭΪǸûзŭûûйһȺҷϣ۸۸˭
ڲ챻ùѪͷվǶһ仰˵
ҶСתȥȥңɳȥ˱۸ˣҾҪȥΪֻعǹǸѣİõÿ¶ӵнٺȥɣ
ԡȻȲһ͵ͨ죬ҶС߳ٲ֮Ҳ֪˭׷ȥеĲһ׷ȥʷˣҸȥ
ԣʷߣ
̹ˣǸʷߣ
ҶСЦãӣǸүǣߣΪֵܣֹ
СվԺŸԺָɣˣԺӾǹңСףԺšॡһ߿ˣһಶ촳˽
Сŭצȥƿڴ㡭
һ仰û꣬ӭͷһȭСһ򣬵˼һƨżѵƨۡС񱻼ŭҰèƵġ໡һ㡭
һò㡢ȴһһѾס죬һĶ⣺ҽգҽգҽôա𣿡
С걻ȵԴ˹ƵĻȥֻתʻС㶵ص˵ͷһƣС굹ٴһӶżϣ׺ʵأ
Сɵɵһָ˾һƵĴ߳˽ȥ


19 ã
ȥܰͷһ漴һȥȾˣ֮潼ңֱŻؼֱ֮ͷ˯ԺдڹңΪ˵Ҳ֡
˯ŨһУֱѣкòգջµأ˫ţֻһǿ㣬ڵʲôǹȺô
һ˵һߣո߳ӱһѳֶʱһ̧ͷʱͼһ˫ӭߵȥһˤڵϣһζȴǴߵš
˭ġ
ִŭһ仰û꣬ҶСɿסſ˫֣˹ȥʵݺݿͷϣʣͷҲһѪ˳һͷһ
ֱ׺ݵģסˣڵϲ˵
ҶСѵһ䣬ȵˣߣ
ǳСϵģǰּˣŷӦŭǺôĹȻץҡ֪֪˭ҿүֵܡ
ҶСȻжߣƵ⵽ߣ׺ݵؿүֵܣǼϲű۽
ֵҡ
˵꣬ҶСߣžһϣƿһѪҲ˵ҶС¶η塣
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ҶСһԸԺȻһߣҶС찺Ȼͷ棬ԺмСηӵվҶС׺ݵһ۵ȥСŵš
ҶСһ߿Ժ߳ȥСؿԺȻѴߣѾҶСıӰˣżҪ㣡㡭޹ŹưգҪ㡭
ꡭ
ƴָڴ˸ĶƴëַˣصСҷȱǿʱŶģʱٽšɡ
ƴ߳ͻȻʲôƵվŸŤͷС΢ЦȰǧλʷǷģ財ײϣҶĺܲҡ
СЦӻܵ٣㻣ң
ƴֵ̯̯˭˵أôƽءʷСҲǹٰǳ͢٣֪ʲô𣿾Ĺ٣ģ׼ѵ״֪ǵĴųı߿𣿡
Сһϣƴ乻ˣһЦƨɾ˳ȥȻ֮䣬øҶСôҲͦģʱװӡ

ƷվڴϣľĸۡһڣųţˣһˬĽ͡ƷɵһԹλã˵Ӱ¡
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Եı촫ԸףΪһ֮ɽֳ͡д裬ֿܳȭ׽¹ӡҰȶ
ѡһľԶ£αװȻһƬҶҶѧĸ¹Ľչ¹ѧ¹Ľĸ¹¹ԽǰʱͻᱻͻȻ֣ܻ׽
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ڴҰޣչʱˣĵõĺܺãļõĸãɫˣҪԵ͵Ұޣҡֻһֻ
Ʒûͼսպүܻ뿪ȻɫˣϾ£ľǺµһֻϻ
οҪԸĲľһˣľĴڡֱֶ֣ԸǼˣҪһҲŹ
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ĵģôץ֡Ʒĵصľϻʱ˿ûвѾһµֶס
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ҶС˳סԴѪ«ƵѾס־ϲҶСѺ֣˹һڿôһߣʱֵע⡣
յǰɿǸƤһĿ粻һǱһ˫۾¶ֵɫ
ҶСֺ͹һڿϵãԸ˵ԩɣ
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֪ɫһֵ࣬ءͷһ׮´ǰú˻ģԩ˵üëƤС£Ҳ鷳ء
ҶС¹Ҫ˵£ԩǹˣŹѱץ鰸ɲС£Ĵ£үˡ
֪رɫٲ˵˰ƽة𣿡
ҶСֵ̯̯־Ƥӵ»ȥп״ܲװûɣѾץԩүһʲǡ
֪ûȨʱһİȨȨʱȴհǰ˺ľûٽǶȴ˽⣬ҵﰡ
֪ذҶС£ߵĹһ·ֲװƣ֪سɰΣҶСߴ٣ǲãʱһȣة˽
ةһҶСϵʷ˭׼ץ˵ģ
ҶСջ𣬳ةˣ¹ְڣƴǣ
ةȵ֣ѵˡ
ҶСЦҵȻûʣҪԼݣʷҲ㣡ة¹ھһײһӣǼȻźУӣҾһҪã
̡̣̣
߹һһҶСĻةһʱ˵
֪ؿةĿǵҪǾһã˼Ҷԩģ⣬˽ţ֮ʵ˵ȥҲûˡ
ةҪԣתһ룬ЦһˣãԼðɣ¹Ҳôˡ
Цתߣ֪ؼûȷԣ˿ҶСããáţȡ۷


20 졢аԵ
䡭
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¾ȥѹһСãҶСǵʷүʰȴûλãֻšһ˴ãߵͷμү
֪ڹ֮ʵλģԩ򱾹һһ
ݷϸδʵүԩ
ϺᣬѶӱľͷβһ飬֪ü컯֮´ʵ񼫡ֻһ֮ǣΣ졣ӷ֣
ңңãҶСһڣԺȻһƣȵߣ
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ҶСΣ
ǲ૵̾˿Ǿѹˣӽ£վǲͬġ
ҶСЩɻһۡ
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ҶСµȺн֪ϴ̫ȭֺĵʱʵ̫ЩҶСûнȥˣ߲ãһǰӵشá
Ĳ졢Ƕʱɧүץһ¶ѣȻˣ
кϷˣʷأ
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ણ
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˿ϺСӣԹϺοˣôӻڣȥúðӸ˰ɡǲԵġһôҲͲ׷ˡ㿴òã
áá
ϺһѱһѣľŵĻŵر𲻶µСӣҲֻӦáʱЦŵүô㻹ߵͷл
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۴ʧɫŻˣʱȴһվ˴ſڣЩȴ쳣ã


21 żѪ
ľ仰΢΢۾ſڣͼһ˷·߳Ĳľߴ󣬿Եģȴ쳣
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շԡȻȲܹȥɥضʷˣ²ˣүľˣ
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һָҶС쾪ȵصȻֱ빫ã
Ե˵ͷҶСͷһɻڵһ¾ðϵùãӾϲùã
ҶС˫һ֣ƿԺȻಶ졢Լľע£ǵس˴á
ҶСϴõʱǡľãŻžҪ£ҶСȵã
ҶСǰԻˣӻû󣬺ιã
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ҶС쿴˿ľľ˫վڹǰͷЦ΢΢һµӣںػͷһؿ˸Ҹ
ҶСֿ˿ɪɪĹˣȻ׷ŷʲôߵϺǰ𣬻˼ң㿴
˳ָһԼȥĶӣƵģŤͷ
ҶСģĶӣ⣡ɱ֮㲻ˣ㲻Ҫ£ٶ񣬳췴Ҳȥ
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ԥһ£ſǻʷүҶǲģͷӺͿˡ
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˵꣬ҶС조顱ͷضԼ˵ؼȥؼҡ
ɵϸϸϾҪϵ˿쬵ģҶСۼģҲ޷ֻؿŹɱСӣ̧ݷʬ壬ȥ
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ԡȻȲؿһĻһɫ͵÷ϣͷͻͻֱȴʼûεվڿһ˵Ĵϣû߳ȥһ
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22 ˭˭
֪ڿյĴվã߰ģǧͷͬ飬һʱƺණʵʲôû룬ôվţ·̥ľһ㡣
ȵԽԽ󣬸һȺΧŹһˣ֪üŸϳá
絽˴ſھʹסˣֻǰһţ︺ɨʱ¬ɨսſڽ࣬ٶȱһľܡ
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Ҳûߣֵʱˣһ㵹Űſڵ˸ء
Ѫģ³֣Ѫڣ죬ǵȵ䶨ۿһƬǽ壬סҴֻƿڴֲãȻˡ
ǰˬ֮أľǺصĵͷߣ̾ιѲ˾Ѳ춼Сֵܣӣʱָô죿
鲻ԽſڣվǶĻ֪أĸ˰ء
ҺܾɥҲܺ£ǲǣ
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ҶСȥץֵʱһǲҷŭûû־һȺñ۸ҷϣ˵Ӯñ˵أ͵ԼȥҵĻȥңָץˡ
ҶСĿɨˣվԶۡǽΧ£ȥɨص¬үĸ´ͺ˵ɨѣ߽˼
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ƴͻȻ͡һЦ漴ףϽֱס
ҶСֵҪȻҾǻʵۡ󽫾ʲô˾ү˽ӣͻȻһҵľȱǸҲ϶ֱľңɸľͷ
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ҶСһֻȭͷһӣôһԴôȼһ࣬˭˭
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쵰쵰ľʮûôǱ
ľһֻĸҤˮةˤ÷飬һɣ޺ϣݵġ
ةվһߣȰϢŭϢŭ
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ةϽ֣ͱ˵ˡȻа취ǲô˵Ҳǳ͢٣Ĺڣ˲֪ˣҶ֪µ֣ܱ֤ô˾ûһ˵ģʷһ״¶ɾǴ鷳ʱҲֲǣ
ľشһڴة̣
ةЦ֣ӱʮ겻ţ
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ةְʲôݣһʶǵݡþһаǵʷʷǸʲôģƹܼﷸģⶨ̫үȨ
ľɫһ˵
ةҪǾֻҪס̫үʱһȴǲ֮룬Ǵ˭
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ľһЦһñӣ
ةʩһ񣬵С

һСƹݶȵĴ˵췢һĻ⼸󺺶ľˣԷϵһЦֲ˷ʷž˵ľ׵ĻƤ֮仹ᵽȼ˵֡
Ƶһǣһͨ˴˵Щ¿ʼǻ뿪ˡѰմǻƷɣǴ븮ʼ⼸һ·˵ġ
Ʒԭ֮°һ̱ƹһ·β浽Сƹݶ֮䵥Լ˵˴¡⼸󺺻Ȼ֪һɱǸովʹ߿
ƷμסǸո˵Ǽ˵֣Ҫҵ⼸ˣҸû⼸˺ľһ򾡣ôҪȽ⼸ĸ飬ȥľʡ
ľҴҵ󣬶޿ɶ㣬ֻҪץסľԶİӡ⼸Сȴͬȶɱľȫˣľһɢ⼸С죬Ҳڴˡ
ֺǰֶؽ˴ΣǰһսǲָƴˣǰǶܻзԡ
ⰸǱѺˣҶСεˣûҶСĹǣȻҵĶ־ѾҲȱһͳһָӡ
˵ҵѾȥˣҲΪԭ棬ҲǲɻȱҪ֤ˣ⻹֤ҪãⶼҪʱ䡣
ľȻԵǹȻĿȴ빫÷ͽȻͬˣǾܴΪľܽԡȻȲ컹˼Լǿ
ԲѵҶС챻ͻ˼ңܿ챾ĵоͱƴϴ˸λι˵ʧȻҶСͦ˵ģȴҲŲæ
оϵҶС˷ҩޱȣϺжƴϵõģλʷүأȴƤˣġ
ƴҵǰСʶ֪࣬ǵʷˣ֡
΢Цδأӵʷүܵǿ˿ûֻ֡λʷүòƶȺŹо鰡ҪȫסˣҪȻǲҲýꡣ
ƴ̲סƿЩɱ˵
˵䣬ҶСѹ
ҶСһһۣͼһˣʱһ


23 һֵ
ҹ飬Ǻ컺޵ĳ棬ֻֻҪǸ˶ǿĲϣ۴Ļ˵㿴Ҳǿ
һۣһѩһͷںڵ㷢ɢѩ˶ůζӦñȺ컸ްɣ
ȻһۣԱߵһꡢ촽סࡢ׳ӵĳˣʲôоأҶС۾ʱ򣬿ľһĻ
ԱߵܰͷȵԼϵʹˡ
ܰͷһôңְẦߵġ
ҶСŤͷŷﻹƴϺһҩϻͷ˿ܰͷôסˣҶСһֻԼס
ƴϼʷ˸һѾæŸѽ˸ƣлȥƴϴӻЩǮ˳ȥ
ܰͷְ˵˴˵£ΣҶҪˡֲңͰ̧ˡ
ҶСЦԼ⸱ӣʲôˣˣҲˣȵʱ֤ҲǿסЩˣһ˶ãʲôʱ󣿡
ܰͷְϵ˼ʱ˾ͻţʱڣҲһʱ˰ɡһ£żΪεѾŲ죬һ˷Ѿؽˡ
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ҶСţȴܰͷģҲ˵Լǣ˼Ӧ¡ܰͷΪҶСոѣҲٶ˵ֻţۿ
˰Σܰͷһ¶ְδ۵üֵ˵ˣñְѪڣ޲õʱҲڳʹһѪ
ҶСЦЦû˵ʹۡ
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ҶСŤͷȻܸǵ֮аɣôҲϷŪǣ
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ܰͷ˿˿Ϊ۵³żʱҿģϣ˺ĳд˼֣˽ң˵ǰУҲһֵܣһ㶫ʲôʱ첻ȥٴ򿪡
ҶС۾һѿڵرͼ
ܰͷˣ÷ǳŹ֣˰ΣŵҲôġ
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ƴǡڴʱݣЦ⸱ģЩԾҶСҲ˲ϺкһЦţһߵţҵ뽻ѡģ˻Ūˣӡ
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ƴҶСĻЩؿҶС죬˰Σ۾･
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˵ţȻоԼֱץסˣŤͷһͼҶС֣΢ЦŽ˽Σֲˣ磬ĲۣҲҴǣңҲýҵʷˣʵס
ƴȻֻһ٣㣡ֻһ٣
ҵţ˼Ҿ뿪ôСһզͱأ治⵱ֵܵʡġ
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簡Ǹֻˣ˶ȡһ˵仰ˡ
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ҶС˫һ̯һա
޴ࣺҵţ

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δˣةѾȻ˽ż״æɷһرһ¡˵ةΪ档
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ةҪľϢŭȴҲ򵥡ΪľںǸôľֲһǲֵǮļǣĹ˶û£һţɡ
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ةͨڣľҲǵѴòҶС첻Ǿֻʱһ֤ݲ㣬￪ͣľӣ²ͽ𣿡
룬а⣬ⱻհѵҪеʵԸԥΣͻȻ۾һףҵиӣ֪ǷС
ةһЩؿ˻֪һۣԸꡣ
㿴ҶСֳ䰬ʷģԭʹҸġǺβͳûˮľǱ˽Ҳɲ֮ˡ
ةޱؿŻ磬һԲ
ϣЦݿة˰ΣЦݽ̣ڨȻةǾòף
ة̾˿ЩʹطסԼĶͷ
ګګصة
ةҡҡͷصһȥء
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ةѾˣԸ˲ٴ
ة˵ţվ֮£Ͱ˵ɣͲ÷ˡ
ة˵꣬͸ҡͷȥӾٸ֪ض˵һ䡣֪ؿةıӰҵķʲôף
ŷվ棬һѹ๫Ƕӣôô򵥵ĵף


24 Ϲ
֪ʼûŪףΪʲôة⣬ҪҶСð䰬ʷŻһˮӶ⳯͢Ժ״ĲҶСѺؽ췭ظ޷ʰةˡ
Ѿףûɷ˵£ΣΣԼɷ־裬Уȴɣں꣬ѱľةԼɽͳ֯͢ɵĴѹ¹ҶŪᣬġ
ڶǸ죬þ˵ȵһѹ֣˶ڴŹĵһҪˣֽľһֱûжľԽǲ֣Խǵģ֪ľʲô
ʷ󣡸Ҹүԡ
֪ΪʲôӴ𣿡
Ϊʲôпɽ
ƨ˵з財ġ
ͷ۷׷ףɴ˾๤¬ˣվסŲ˺ҪǵٶĶķ財ǲкӹ
˱סˣڨڨ˵¬һС°˵걳ּߣԭЩ͵˶ƺͦࡣ

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ʱ򣬹ӵԺˮȻһУϺѶܳȴδʲô˴ֻӴվԺУ
Ϻ߹ȥһֻۣһۣͱɷסһż׽ģżѾѪ͸ˣѪѸɣ͸ſɲĺںɫ
Ŀĵǣֻżûͷ֫ҲŤ壬ֻʣ¼ţšݷĶߵүүߣؿǸһҲɰĲżɻصүү
ϺһѱסӣþȫֻҪһ֣СӾͻ᲻Ƶġ

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ҶСҲ˵ǱɽֻϣҲһжѪԡһظĸֳ¡
޴Ųǰ棬ôþƵģɴ磬¶ˣܰϻǶզͲأ󳼼˻ʵ۸ÿͷڷɶƫͿźҪƵͷأ
ҪòģĻΪӣΪɶһɱʵأ޸٣ǵð˳ģݼ̹µ½֪أ
˹ūͣɶū¶ѵˣ簡ǵµ¶ҪǶܽĻô¡ң˭˵ȥѽ
ҶС죺
޴࿴ҶСɫ̽ʵ磬ǲ˵ˣ
ҶСûС
޴˿Ǿͺã
ҶСɺޣ

ҶС仰ʱһľףôһɪɪ޴ʶһ²ӣеҵţģˣ
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25 ֮
裬ķҡʵҶСϲָٰ꣬꣬оر𺨳죬ÿ죬Բر˷ܡ
ǣҹ˯ĸ̤ʵ죬ٲܵ׷껨ЦͯʱˣͽվҪ࣬ÿ걩꣬Ծɴĵе졣
Ȼ첻ͬʱҲ֪˶ãû˳Ҳû˽ȥվµҶСϵЩ
ȻվÿڣܰͷãܰͷҶСͷһһŲȥͬʱһ˴Ӵܰͷ
ܰͷͣһӣһ۹һ̰ʧǵģбһû˵ҲûԥֻҧҧԸٶȣֱͦȥ
ҶСҲ˹һˣһҿʱĿ⣬ʲôŤͷٲһֻ̧ۣͷŴߵĻм޲úˮһкȥ
Ƭ̣޴һԻ磡
ҶСŤͷһ޴Ϊλֻһ˲֪ʱѾߵߣˢˢعǰ˵ɱ˫ʵصΣʷүĶ£ҹһң־
˵գɱͷͷȥҶСûʣѾףһҶľвûڹϼ׷ֵȨܿܣóǻƵĲɡ
䲻ңǺ䲻ҶС첻֪˵ʲôʲô˵зҲб֪СΣԹ˵л˵ʧ
˦󣬶ҶС˵磬ҵ˵һ仰˵֮˱пɺ֮Կ֮Ҳֵͬ飬ֵ
仰̲סֻһˣһδزƴΪСӵľ£ĲִľԿʲôĺ
ʷƴһУΪһҴȻǿ˵࣬ǸΪҲδظұϣɱӵ֣Ǿ̫Բסʷ
ҶС̾˿Թɵͷĵ̫ˡ
һ̧ͷҶСһȳһյطȶŹĵͷľȴƮҶСһ仰Ժ󣬱׸¹ʱˡ󼺣
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ȵһãΧ۹İȺóһѪȾĲżЦšżͷɺĶϱױˣǼ˶ǲ˵ǣһһ׮ûˡ
ڽ˾Źܰͷһ֪ؾ˿˵ܰͷȫ֤Ĳ춼࣬İǶ﷣⴦һ£Ȱڲ죬Ҳүһͳˡ
ܰͷ˵վ֤Ժ󣬻֪Ⱥпһ֪ۡʱةľѾȻ߽վҲȺУؿšľһƵᣬةĿȴһ˿ۣү³
ȻҲˣȻվյĺ棬һ˫֣һ޵Цݡ
ԳԺȺȡóƤʱ⣬ҪչʾԼʱǼǺһڹڳϵģǡĹٳأҲǻǵıܣԼԼߵĿ֣Ӧһλķͷ
ǣûע⵽ЩƺƽͷյȺлվһˣһƽͷյˡʵǿҲνΪǸʶˣ˾֮İϣҴӡ졣
촿мģڿջֻĸϻദһ²ðģҲѰ֪ȥδĥ˵䶯ذյĴ󰸣ܵˡ
֪ؿةһۣץľһ£һŹݷһعϸ飬ȡ֤˴֤ˡ֤ȷʵﴫ
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⻰һڣһƬȻɵȷ˶ǲĹʣѵٸˣ˵˰Ҳȫ֤ˣҴ˷ֲΪԭã֪үȻʵ࣬о
֪ץľյʮ£Ѿľˣֹ˴ϵ֪ɤֵŹذͷ˼һʵʵֵȶʮ
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ִȵսˮ׷ǰһӧ̬ܿҾԶȥλø˰ԲΪλ
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ةϽĪգȥ˵꣬ة֪ص˸ɫ֪ڿӦһ֪үǲˣ֪е滺Ȼؾת˹
֪صȻǵִ˷ΪʵΪѰ㣬޿ˡпԭʡ̣Ϊ¡
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ة˿ĭת֪أø׺ݵĿɹȥ֪ذпࣺⶼУȴҪôУ
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仰ľûпѹȻǽֲΪǳ˱ʾ֪ϻģȴֻõûһ֣Ը
ѾľĻһͦȻүǶ˵𣿡ؿϵܰͷЦô˵ҲǱذͷֲǴ򷢽лӣЩʮˡ
֪޵ݣǿץľһģȵֵý㼴ͷţã
˵գҲٺ֪һת㼱档
ϴʱѾҳһ࣬޵ġЦġġµģĺгҡҡͷ̾һת뿪ֻתһ룬ͻȻվסˡ
ϣЩɫҵ޴ǺȻҲһ£ģһƬྲ˶һˣŹգվڴſڣǵӣһɽ


26 Э
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ܰͷҶС죬ֻһˣ¡һ̣ʧ͸ˣ֪ءԹٸԳ͢
ľҶСһЦ˳ִһӣһףһ̨
ľȻߣ
ľſڣһƨɺ棬ҶСվſڡ
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شȥСҲϵãģǸС󡣡
ľЦСðүҾϲСүٰյʱ򣬼ǵðСүġ
ֵͷصǣС˼סˡһСѣӦñܰͷݱһЩšֵǮӣ
ľŭصһۣô󷽣һûᣬôҲøһӰɡ

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֪ʱȥĻֳ֪ڴϣĻƵĴҶС죬ʱաߣԼܵ裬ͬҶСġ
ҶС죬֪ŭصʶʱ񡢲֪ˡ֪ء֪ν֪ߵغףؾʲôˣЦΪóܹʣǲǣ
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ҶСŹգһһϴãһ˱ðȥԥһ£һˮ˴ãηľвˮ˽ҶС˵ʲôҲԵҶСһֱľЭΪܵţҶС첻ʧܡ
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ҶСͻȻʳһ䣬û˻شҶСЦЦתƵĹɣصɣСӣ㿴۾ǲģܲ˵ڣ
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ҶСֿЩ֤˵ҵھӣһȳһյŲʬԱߣѾϵʪܵİײƿ¶ŲҲ̶õ˵ǿǰÿʱȵشкŴǿ⹫ϵеˣ˵ƣȡ
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֪صİٶͺˣȻ䣬ʼڴ߳
ҶСͻȻתȺеةةЦǵҶС۾ͻȻЦˣҶСһһߵǰرܶ۾˵ة㿴Щ졢ЩǶܣǣų͢ٺ»ʵҵĹ٣ǣ
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һƬѹ֣һ䵽϶

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ҶСȻתŹһһŲſڣ޴಻֪ĶסҶС죬磬Ҫ̲ܿڣҪҵҴӦѧȥ
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ҶСʲôʱ°;Ϲɴǿˣ֮ľľҰ⵹һƤ֮ԣһҵĿҪľϣպܴˣ
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ҶСû⺢ӵ˼άһȽߡ
ҶСϴһɡʤ޵УĬĬ룺Ĺ٣ҾͻȥϾǣϧǸļٵʷһعҲҾֻԼİ취ֹˣ

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Ʒɾݵķжϣĵءһȥ
ּðһҴƵ꣬ط־Ƶͣҵװޣ⼸Ϊ˾ԭûһ߶;ƵЪҵܶǽּܣΪѾͣ¥Ա߻ӣ±߷ŸֽϣԱһںʯҵĴӣѾ˰ˮ
ܵһ㣬ո߳ʱ˷ܾѾȥһվһ쬵ģȥһҾƵֵĻ˲Ըðǰ
ֵĴƵ꿴Ƿڣڣʰ޼С¾ƣƷɾͳˣ꣬һһЩ˱ӱƽ
ƤһʼƷʱûע⣬ֻҲģһƤһ䣺үԶ
ֻûڣƷɾһͷԱ޵۾ض˹ȥ
Զֳڣ촽΢ţһ㼤ƷɵδϼˮѾ΢ŵ̽ȥֱ˿˿ѪߴӺ
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վԱߵһƤ󾪣һֵʾһߵͷӣǽشѪĵѾð֡Ƥ󾪣һЩľ׺ݵƷȥ


27 粨
һı꣬ȻСɽɽأбĵˮǴлˮһʱųȻмϥ
ƵƹǣֻʩһľƵ֪꣬Ƿٻ¥δ깤ĲֽԴͣһǳһŵ¥ߡ쵽¥ʱƹķּϥˮɫЩ档
һƵƹģǼҵʯˮ˰ɣ
ƹѻ죬Ǽҵʯҷһ˶ߵľϣôܱˮˣӴӱ˰ɣ
ƹĸϽӿ˽ŲԽǰȥˮɫԽףˮҲů⣬һ·ˮЩ˫Ƚ߸оԣ
ƹģСŵǰ߾͵ˡ
СæƹģͬʱоԼȵСģΪ֦ʲôģͷһţȴӻǵˮĲһ֦һֱۡ
Сơ໡һɤӽ˳ǰߵƹŵһ£ûҪͷСƣͻȻ۷ֱͼǰмߺƵĶ򸡣˳ˮ߻ƮǶƮøˣǶӣƹһתŻ
ˣˣڹϱͻǼƤһⶼˡĸ˵ˣֱԣĿڣȫһֺƤͷңǱˡ
Ӧס˺󣬰Ƕ˾ƵԱߵĴӣʱˮδ漴־Ͱ´ŵʮʯȫˮӣȻӺܴˮҲ࣬ʮߴʯ԰ǿˮɷˮ˱ˡ
֪֡ɽѪ˼٣϶ľµˣоİղ֪ɽҵĶԹԱܵذºҶСϵ
˵ʵʷز¶ָ֣Ϊعٷ˹ᣬΪԩԷ߶֣μ񡣲ڡƷΨжߡһֵָλʵߣҪ˹ΪӥȮ֮ࡣ
ܺذհġʷôôûмݣǵڶ˵ѸٲҳںصĴ˵˵ʷʿĴӣղ󳼣ǰ˸Ѳ
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ʱľڼģհǲʶʱİʷ˸ͷðƷɣңɱ֡˾ͰݵģһңҾ
һֳϻ̳ϿֵүֵѾѺطˣһֻӶӳǵ۾ǡûлƷɵϢһ㶼ûС
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ةüƷǰѰɱˣǲٸ״ˣֵʲô
ľûصϻǸհĲ˵ִûԭҲôȰˣҲٸǸհĻ쵰Բá
ةǡҾŴΪɣɽһ⣬ϷҰֺ˽˰ƷڣЩɽҲ£ʷƲʲôˡ

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ʱҶСܰͷͬ£ոһԺǰ棬˶Źգһһҹգͬıף͵ѵܡҶС̧ͷ䲻ݻȴҲŵԺᣬǰţ


28 Ļ
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ؿҶСλ֮ͣŪ⣬һܰͷߵĻ˻ȥ
ܰͷ⣬ҶСˣСȡ
ܰͷ˵ͷŹһȳһյ˳ȥܰͷ뿪ҶСü㻹ģ
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ҶС˫һģ˶Ϊʱ򣬼ǼٵģΣةǼٵʷţΣȫ֤ʵذҲ˰ɡ
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ҶСҵȻ룬ζ룬֪㲻㲻ϣةܾˣԣֻϣʲôҪ
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ҶСҡҡͷʷǳΪ˵ĿܸһЩ
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ҶС΢΢һЦվһҾǣ

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ҵţ˼Ҷȼˡ
㵸ָӹǲӣ׼Ľӻ̡޴ȻҶС쵽ˣæӭҶС촩õĹأ˺߻ûһСǰҶСҵͬѧˣҪٲܴ
ҶС̧ͷһͼţƵվڲӻǰһԽ£ͷɫΧɫǸӢװ꣬бһʵķ̵
һ˴һɫխб¡޿ſ㣬ͷɫ಼ͷڶͷǰϸ׶ΣһƺĴ飬׺źӧ룬ΧҲһķ̵
˶ż߸˸޵ػۣҶСæӭǰֵλٰ
һδˣװȻתҶС죬Ūصʶ㣬һβ˼չȹӣ󹥳Ĵ󽫾Ƶɽ𣿡
ѽţЦˡ
޴ԱߺܲӵıЦ
ҶСݺݵһۣתװ꣬һ֣װһظҾ𩣡˵ҪҾðطʱҶ֮ɣ˵ǵĶ
ҶСһ㶣ҳԱŵĸ˵ơ
˵ǸӢͼȻ֮󣬾ͳһʬˣô죿ȵģιհģոߣҽиģҪҾɣʱ㶨طѡͻƴɣ˵ʲôʱ
ҶСһ˵ʲôתۿ޴࣬һ޹̯̯֣ɣôͷ
͸Ĵŭһ޴࣬޴ңҪطʱҶ֮ɣ˵ǵĶ
ŭʱ㶨طѡͻƴɣ˵ʲôʱ
ͷƤɺص֣Ϊʲôÿ㶼ѡʱأĪ֮ĻƵգ
ܱ˴ͬѧҲЩӦ˴ѵ˼άһͺҪܣ˵Ķ
ĺٺЦƨĻƵգһһ˾Ÿ㣬ôһ磬ﱦĺܣ޿أʱ䣬˼ţ
߳ŭεָĵңҪطʱҶ֮ɣ˵ǵĶ
ĺʾγ㰡ߣϻƴ룡
汦޴಻ʱ˵ز죺˵δɾΪʲô׼˻ƴأʲôĪǻƴķˮأ
׵ƨķˮأС׼˻ƴ룬Ϊ
첱Ӵֵغȵ˵Ϸ
ȻЦСүҷȷ黹죬ұȷ
𩣺Ҫ
ģҽľ
ҶСһԺɶɹʣļһдϲҪҵô˵Ȼ˵ŵ¶ûͦףҶСǰֵλúȱæž١
δˣĺĵָıǼϡ
ĵˣҪҾǰɣ
𩣺һ߶ȥȺҾ
޴λͬѧʵҴ硭
ҶСЦص˵ͷҾҪǾ
޴ʱһ˷ܵŲഺ˺⣬ͬصãҽľ
ʱҡ
ĵصҡ
ҶС˵ʽҶٺ٣˵ķʽ
ҶС־ʢСƵ꣬Цþһֻ͵˼Сꡣ


29 Ҿ֤
ҶСڽʩġӻ̡Ժֻ˴ԼʱԲͬ𩡢λĻ΢Цźܰͷ뿪ˡ
ҶС뿪ã͸Ҳ뿪Ƶģ뿪ʱݺݵضԵһۣȴһƲסϲɫ˳뿪سǺ󣬶˱ѸٸϻԼĲ䡣
ҶСӻ뿪ڽϻģܰͷȥҶңҶСҶҴСʱҶվԺкھӼǸСһѲ˾ӻؼһˣź
Ѳӵĸ׵ĿţʹĶӻ˼ҡҶС޼һֱ̤ϼ뿪߳޼ʱһ˿ļµЦϼз·ȾѪɫһ㣬ĨЦһţ˷
ڶһ磬ҶСƴϺѭͬãһʷǩѺ㺰ԡȻȼ£ûãܰͷҲü˼¿͵ſڣŹգڵ߽˵ʷǩѺ
͵ʱةáһãͳɫʷǩѺǩѺɨص¬ͷһȻΪةÿ˵·ͷһЦ
ةؿ˿һڻưϲͷڿڱŻҳ߽ǩѺ¬ͷɨվ£ȥˣųıӰݺݵһڣػɨɨó
ҶСڰܰͷѭ졢ƴϡԡȻʲôѹúܵͣûйĲ졢ڽĵţͷӶӰ˴ˡ
顱һ迪Ǳһ߿ģҶСȻ̧ͷͼة߽ةܰͷæվةȭʩ
ҶСûжֻǶةһ֣Ǻǣԭة˵ˣ¹Ӳ㣬񣬴֣
ةߵǰһӣǹ٣Ƿˣ
ةҪֵ˵ǿԵҶСϣҲе㷢飬ȻҪ̬ȷˡһǫ̃̄ëʶʱһƬྲ
в졢վؿΨةΪ˴
ҶСɺϾǶЦǲǷˣةȷҵǾã˵ִȾơĺܷķˣǵȷ㲻ϣҪ˵˵ϸҲǿˣ˵١ˣǻǲҪƺˡ
ةȻŭܾˣڹֱ֮Ȿ٣㣬벻ôߣ䱾˵֡Ⱥһžͱͷô˵
ҵĿ
ҶС°ͣصô˵أɣ˽ѰӦõģǡֹôأÿһꣿãҲ̫ˣ
ҾãʱۻۣҪùڶƷҲǺЧġֻܲ׼񣬺˾͵ԼţӵֵûﶼףжδǺ¡
ةЦɱˣ
ҶСɱˣ
ҶСֻһתةĴ㣺ԭةΪұɱ֡ǰƦֻɱǣ
ةЦѵǣ
ͷ
ҶСͻȻֻ˷СϻƵղǸģȫȻˣƦƵŽŴңΪҿ˵湻ڵİ˵ɱˣ֤أ֤أ֤
ةҶСˣǹ٣һк̨Ĺ٣ںػûôϰղôٳҪһݣҲôԽۣľȻһָʹģȴҲôȫӦ
ڷӦԺ󣬶ʱŭɶȵô󵨣Ϲ٣֪֪ں˭˵
ҶСɤŻ󣬺ȵʶŶ룬ָֻţ֪֪ں˭˵
ةûǺةǱص˾߳٣Ķͷ˾
ҶСͦعٲֹܣҵĵ̣ͷ˾ƨΪĹ٣ΪǿȮĹ˵ѾǴؿˣ㻹ô
ةָҶСӣѵ㾿˭𣿡
ҶСؿЦΪӰλϣһࣿŶûУϵģϹΪ˸˵ģ
ةɫ࣬һĹȵǱة
ҶСֱͦţñƽľصҹܣ
ةָҶС죬žҵţ÷ããţץ
ǩѺһƬྲеĲ졢ȫһ֪ʱſҲֵۣȫĬĬվǶةܰͷ㲻ˣٵķԸûЩۣԱҲҵˣ
ҶСةˣȻٶСҺôҲǸ͢٣ңأ
ةΪй˽ߣɱˣ֡󣿡
ҶС֤أ
ةץ㻹Ҫ֤ݣٵĻ֤ݣ

ةδˣһȱ顱һسͷϣةһתðǵһƨ˵ϡӵȫɵۣӶɵ˵ϡ
ѰմǿˣǹٳϵǺ޶Էǣ˭ɳȭôʧݵ¶ɡʷƫôˣһȾͰة˵ϡ
ةҲͷһ£㵵ؿҶС죬һͷѪȾһ֣ةһֵѪ˶ҪˣָҶС˻ʣҴ򡭡
ҶСչһڵϱţֻżĸ󡣬˷ܵرİĵıĵߣйչûͷû³飺֤ݣ֤ݣҽ֤ݣӵĶӲҪ֤ݣץҲԲҪ֤ݣ֤ݣҴ֤ݣбƻ֤
ةҲɢˣͷѪشУ㡭Ź򱾹٣
ҶСݺݳһ٣ȻסȣȺƽ͡͵΢Цةʲô¹ʲôʱ㰡
ةûιȥһѪŶҶС𣺡㿴㿴һˣѪ֤ѵ㻹ɣ
ҶС˹صˣֻ֤ȷʵܹˣǲ֤Ҵ㰡ҵǩѺҵĵ̣˵û㣬Ǿû㣬Ҫ֤𣿱ٵĻ֤ݣ


30 ֮Ҳ
ةָҶС²ܽƱ˵ģϾȥˣѱٴһҪ£ϼƲã
һֱֳĬܰͷͻȻһةˣְΪʷ֤ʷ˿û㶯֡ո߽ʱˣǵʷˡ
ԣ԰
ѭһ˵ʱеֻͣ˵˳ˣة߽ʱˣֻܰͷˣְҲˣǿûУ
ˣҲˣʷûж֣
ۡͻȻѹ׷ӦǵһʼЩӣͻ뻮һһΪʷ֤
ǡǡ
ةֵؿЩһ죬ͻȻεĸоϣһΣһܿͻجΡ
һΣ
ةҪһѴȣƴ̽ͷة˸ոսʱ
ƴָة˵ةȧһƬ࣬һȭˣʷ·㣬ôܶȭŵĴةأ
ةֻһ󣬷ŭطʵٵȧʲôʱˣ
ƴϻһȭصشϣةһ˼ƴϵ㿴ⲻһƬô
ͻȻҲʷ˺мӡأǿ˵Ծշһţةƨϣߵةѽһ˳ȥˤһʺ
ȻȲһӵϣֻ߰һͨߣȻɿɢۣ̾Ȼöӡ
ةܾõͻȻĦȭƵضȻǿԲ𣿡
Ȼܿص룡
ǼȻ֣˸߲ҵسȥةҪͱǰסͷһͨѭôСһĽӡȻǵʷ˵ֱʡةһǱ˴ͿˣԲź
ةſڵϣ㡭㾹ҵߵڰףͷˡǡǱĹȳģ
ѭ͵ץ̨ݺݵϣةһʱ˹ȥѭϸصͷţؾĵˣ

졢ǵĴ˷ٶǳҶС⣬ѭƴˣһԶҲİһûгϢӵܡһǰ;ƫ̱ͻվҶСһͬľܿɹǻܼվҶСһߺͱصةΪУ;ľ͸Ӳһˡ
ƴϵıҶСϣƴ֪ʵݵģҶСʷƴվһְλȻһЩǺǿƵĹԱһߣҲδػԿѡվһضְȥðƻһߣȥһعٳϵĵͷߣǾ;ǳ淽ĺҶСıȼеѪԡ
ҶСһۣͷõҶСϿɣͦšѭĻȻԼһҲõˣҲԱءƴȴһֻص˶ʮǰĸоӿһ˵Ѫġ
ܰͷҶСĹգݵֱߣҶСӹơߵǩѺм䣬ܵĲһ˫˫ֵ֧Ŀ⣬ЦЦة˱Źˣ¶˭ɵأ
ڲѪڵĵڣ⻰ةǰǵȻҪǰʷ룬ڡʷôʲô˼
ƴϵ˵ӣִЩ侲Ŀ죬ԽֻһתҶС˼
ƴϵˣةǸ˾ģֵ˺ͷ൳ҲףǨŭڱةة˴ģʵ̫޷ˡ
ڲŷӦӦͣ֡һȺ˵൳ЩƦ̫ˣ
ҶСٸոʱ˵ҪٱΰЩ˾Ȼţ䱾ǷǣھȻةŹɼһߡ
ԣȥǼƤ鰸ҪǼΪͣʹ˽ҿشǿ鷸֮жĻʹȮ֮Ϊ·ʰŵƽ磡
Թǣһ֣ż뿪ˡ
ƴϴյҶСߣˣةǻѵİ
ҶСҲѹƽ
ƴϿһҪôʿû˼˰Ҫǻû⣬˷
ҶСתתЦʵأة˺뵽һȥˣңһء
ƴһֻ˵ģ⻰ѵõһΣ֮̾Ҳ֮֮˴˾ٴƣƣ
ѭһҲƨ˰죬޵ةӢͬ
ҶСεؿһֻû뵽ֻ죬ȻˣҲñˣ
ƴϺѭ컥࿴˿ѭӧˣ֣
ҶСɣǾȥɡ
ƴϱѭ첻ףתһ룬ѭ̫үСӣȥةĺڲϣ̫үͲˣҲܸһ̫үվڰʷһߵѶš
Ȼ˵λ̫үǸ裬Ͼǳ͢ıӡ˴ٻеôģ밬ʷַԼĶͷ˾ǳʦˡǣƴϵ˵ͷ˵һߡ
ҶСıӰƴϵЩӣ֪ҶСǼٵʷȻҲ֪عԱǱĴ㣬ҶС¶ʵ飬ȴֲ֪οڡ֪ҶСһ֪ȫԱָ˸ӣʲôӦ
ҶС쵱ϣѡߣָʰҶСةԼľڶݱû붯֤ⷴİȫҲ˵ࡣ뵽ƴϱס

Ǽٵģǵʷа㣬ˣҶС죬Ǽٵʷ
ةʱԼѾؽΣû뵽ҶС쾹Ȼô񣬾Ұһλ͢٣ԼĶͷ˾ؽΣҲ˼ǸܿɵӰ죬˻ߵغ˳Ȼ
һͬؿ˿ةһة˴˰ɣ
һ̾˭֪أвšԶЩǻҧ˵ġ
ةɵˣǷˡ
˭˵׼أȫһ
һ˵һԶˣةӷؽкŽţһˮһ´Աùһͷһζòơة촽оζ̫ԡ
ةŤͷһͼηһ󺺣ȣ·ѹˣվǶһֻľͰţ۳𣺡أүү˯㣬˴Сеĸˣвɫװţëⶼˣûɵʵ˵ɣװҲȥģһүүǰԹˣ
ةȻǰԹ㲻˵ǰ
ëǹЦԭһֻɵүүͲԽȻŶǸװɵʵ˵װûãװɵûãСͻװɵɾûһùȥģϱᡣʵ㰡ɳһ߶ȥҪ㡣
ë˵ţͰͰһӣɻصݶðû⣬ҪͷϵľһȻƽ
ʲô
ةҲǱҶСǰ۴ˣҲˣ̫⣬ëôһ˵ŷӦԭ쵰Ͱôóľǡ
ةŻ


31 ӵľ㣡
֪ܻվҶСǩѺȻ˴عλ̫үȻ٣ҶСҲôݵڹ棬Ǿվ˹ǰ档
ֻ֪ȹϵϣҶС첻ͣشתͣس̾ͣȭཻһƲѵģ
ҶСе裬ǲùѹˣҲûʲôֻԹʷΨǱةҲȨְչǵó͢˵㣬Ҫ˵ؽˡ
ҶСԻ֪صҸɵģд𣡡
㣿
֪ذЦҶСʷȻҶС츺ԼΪһӡȻҲй̲֮ܽҶС˾񲣬չµĹƶˣһ˷Щ¾ˣ͢ҲܶԼ̫𡣿ҶСǼٵİβٻ϶ף͢һ׷飬һð泯͢ٵҪ¶
ҶС԰ʷǿһҶСˣ˭ޣԼǺԼ¾Ȼкǿɱ͢٣ɼԼεΪԼ̫үҲ͸ɵͷˡ
ո뵽ãɵҶС죬ӶľĶԿʱةĿ⿴ܾãº緭ȥ˼˵ֻҶСô
ɻѽ
챯̾ʱȻ߽ҶС˼䣬ҶСɫһϲԻˣѾõةķʵ߲ѵҲܴ
֪һ˵˾ٸ棿ȷ֤
ҶСɣ
һѭ˳ش߽һ£һ׮£ҶԸĴͷصĶةֳɾ͸оͱˣ쳣㡣
֪ؿԼѧСӾһȻ㡭
ѭнֻгһ㡱֣Ȼ뵽ǩѺһͷֱͦ˶֪رȭһȻ֪شү
֪ػûƦеСô̧̧֣˵ѭҶСһȭڵصʷˣְΨ£õȷ֤ݡ
ҶС췽Ȼ˵ѭѾһ״ΨıʱѺϷڸ״Ҫ޷Ļ͵ˡ
Ψǿͼ߲ȨֻҪõһ״ɹҵ֤ҲѣѧΨһ㣬ȫĪеˡҶСݣĪе⵹һةҲǲܵġ
ҶСһؿ˻֪һۣͬѭΨºεУ˵棬ϸ
ѭˣʷˣΨòȻʵ޲硣Ϊһة˾֮ܣ֪ڼеؽһˣһ˽
级Ȼд£
ѭǣүأةС㣬ûˣְǷʷ֮ةͻؼҵģΪЩСةͼӺȰϼһ飬ѳ˵ؽѡ
ڵؽȳ˱ةڼˡǰ˾ȳʱ˱ȻͬҰˣ״Ҳ̶ãһȻ°үΨ˾٣ٷ˷Ƿн˺ַ绯
Ŀɿڴ棬ˣв룬ةôҲһĴҪŮˣôŮ˵ò׳˶У¥˹ҲȥãȻɳһ˲òˡ
ҶСòҪЦϹȻûõˣֻòԵطˣֻҪŶ˵طѭӣҲһһչô̵ʱϼֳɵĵؽѣôһŵ״һҵһ˵á
ֻǲ֪ѭҵ⡰ʲôˣؽƸһҤã˵Ϊ˿ˣǾ޷źãɱл統ʳϾͲÿˡ
ҶСлżֵģǵŻ֪ص棬ȻҪʮƶ̬ҶСƵ£˹ضյѭˣ
ǣ
Ǿʹôүһʡ
ѭǣ
ѭת߷Ըѿ
һѺһĸߴͷɢĴ󺺽ǴһǩѺͰѶǰ縵ҷһµǸǣҪ󰳲ȥôذǰѰʲӵطأ
ҶС조ۡһһڲˮ˳ȥ
ҶСסˣĸ
ôеģҡôߴôࡢôªһһģзҲϲ˰ѹ֡ѹةҪڼ͵͵ڸؽѰѴߣû뵽ةζôذ
ԽԽô뵽ةôһ󺺣һ𽵹ģ̲סŻʱðһƤ
ҶС˿ĭѭ죺ôǸеģ
ѭſڶҶС˳Ķ
ҶС죺
ɵʵ㡭㱻ةˣ
ëǰţһɣ
ҵؽ
ëǣ
ʣˣ
ëǵǿɲզģ㿴㿴ϣŲϣȫ͵ӡÿɽأӶӲȥŶ˵ǰӳȥһأָˡ
̽ʵ˰ʲôˣ
ëǵ԰Ҫ˵һһᰡѽѽе˵ڣǱ̫ˣģᣬҲ̶ð磬Ҫǰ͸úñƳƳ
Ͻ֣𣬱ٲм㲻˵ˣ˽⣬ףȫˣ
ѭҶСüÿεô
ҶСĴ
ſţ˴ȥ
ѭæϹȥȥ
ëǵţ۵û˵أզͺ䰳أ
ѭ컹ɻȥȵȥ
ѭëǳǩѺëǾȲصˣ̰Ļûü˵ǰ˵û˵ӦģֻҪľͷŰߣ˵
ѭЦصͷȻģ˰һˣ
ǩѺֻʣҶСͻ磬֪ضҶСʵڲףͰļٵʷͺˣԭ㲻ǻԸðôΪʲôҪǳǷ
ҶСΪཫΪÿﶼһߣûߣҿԵùҹҿԲáߣҲҪһҲһģ˵ǲǣ
綨ؿⷬЩζĶأʲôʱ򣬲ŻߣҾҲҪһ
ҶСˣ
ҡҡͷ˦ȥ̾ס㣬ɵȥˡ㲻ҪǣվľץةҲľߣ
ҶС̹ȻЦ˾£ʵûʲô˵ģˣ㲻ϾҪƵģʱָоΪվˣ


32 ֤ɽ
ϸſڣ־ŭصǺôĵӣةңҲѣ
ѵľةңҹ
ѭݺݵƿϸӣһӣȵѣ
ԡȻȾḻ참ϵѲϸʱѸϸ˸׳졣
ѭǰƵν֤ǼٵģŪһֻ۱ֻ۵Ļ֪ػУ⵹һλƷȴԶԶģ˵ǾõģҪ֤ݣĴ֤ݡ
Ϊܹõ֤ݣܰͷ˸ָѲ飬ҵȫϵĲ죬ȻΪعùƵԭЩججضգ洫ȴûи£ƾ۹⣬ϼʲôܵĻصأҲܱѳ
ΪԷһѭ컹ҶС׼˼֤ݣʵʲôҲѲǾֻݺˣ¶հͷǺϲɵġ
鷿棬Ͽ¿ҿκһҲʶѴһӣԸǽϹҵ̵ĻǼģֵģֽŻǴͭͳͳãʷ鿴
ةһλޣķС檣סţĸҵסǽ̻Իֻͣ񡢹ŶĿȻЩЦһʯ׵Ĺ٣ܵݼҵ̰߶ͳͳᵽãʷ˹Ŀ
ѭܵϼҺȥ˸ééһϵſһСһҵϼҵĵؽûУϽȥңҵ˻αװء
ѭ˵һ̧ͷǡÿȻָة檷ᶫةķ̫̫ʮͨѾͷվԺеɫ̣еĿĨᡣ
ѭʱ˫һΨʲôʱôңô֪㿴ô໨ﶪĴ˵߾ûбǿŮͳͳѺãɱͷһһʣ
ʱһܹ˷ܵضѭհͷҵؽˡ
ѭϲߣȥû˶һ죺ЩŮˣͳͳѺȥһ٣
ѭ˳ܵϼҺԺǾۼں԰ͷһݵϣո˿һؽڣ˳˰ӽȥ̽ͷƣؽѺܿڶûаȡһ֧ѣҪȥ̽

ѭϽкһѣ˳ȥ
ôĵؽѣѵΪ˴ˣ⣬һ⣡
ѭŻգܾڶĵؽѲѰؽѡȵ⼸׳ǰȥ
ӴмͰ
ѭķԱߵһֻľͰƵ˷ܵصͰǿյģ⣬һ⣬򿪣
ѭһͰǶû򿪣㻽һ죬ǲŻѣõѭ˼£Ͱɶˣ㻹ʣͰǴ򿪣һֽ޵ģƺ±ڸʲô
ѭ޻ְֽǿĨڵҲ֪ʲôһЩɫķĩԱǲѣϸգɺץһѣ̯ϣڻϸ꣺ףʲôѵۣ̿
໣
ԱǸͻȻһƵĴУѭŵһ£ĺ̿һأѭջҪ谡ʲôУ˻˵֪֪
һŭسһ߻ĻѣǻӺֱ죬Ǹֻŵûɢһܣһ߻ͷУͷҩҩǻҩ
ѭƵؾŻѣǸȻӵòӰĲ췽ĪɶҩĪΨڵҩҩġ԰⵹ѽ
ѭͻȻӦһͦУһ˼漴Ⱦܡѭܵؽѿڶַһֻ־ŻѣȾ˳ȥҲ٣䶯Ҳ̾Ϊֹ
ѭܳؽѣͣδͣͽŲմصļǰȥһͷײһ˵ĻǷնܰͷ۸Ͻסܰͷܰͷɫѭ죬õصհͷιʾţ
ѭָָߣ־پٻѣ״εص㣬ңСĵˣ𣡻𡭡
ܰͷͷص𣬻ʲôѽ
ѭһţſ˷Լһžͽ͵ëҩ

۹ֹ˵ҪʰΡҩͲ裬ͭǮԲͬĹңЩϿص𣬱˵ңκͲϿصʣǶϷغңξûʲôˣϷ߰;ԲЩ
һǴԲʲôҶҪϸƵģǾǻҩھʣ˽¹ͻ䣬ץ˶ǴةҺ԰ͷĵؽȻͻʮͰҩ
ؽﴢ˴ҩȻٳΪΨˣ˭ѡֵط죿ƮƮķɡԣѭߺ׾ͱˣǡڻ˭ںأ
ΨͻҩΪ˸߼ɽز䣬ͨ·Ϸⶼǲ۲۵Ĵ֤ɽˣ
ةץǱʷץѳɽ֤ϢѸٺ䶯ȫǣÿ˶˸߲ҵ̸£̸ҶСʱûвĴġ
ŴĴ磬޲ڣСӣһףҶԶͷ˾ֵģмˣҪ֪ûһ˾ɻ⵹˾ˣλʷ;Ӵ˿ˣ޷ˣ˲ĵط
չƲƲ죬ô˲𣬵ڻƴϻӣ
ҡͷԲӣ벻źвŮ
չһɣ߳˵ʲô
Ͻ˵¶ǲǺúͷ࣬˵̰ᡣҪΪΪǴɷ򡣡
չ͡һЦˣڽصɷ򣿵֪ҵĹƶƨҷһ
°ͣ˼صǰҵչ֮ϸ۲ĵãɷǳϺ˵Ը񡣳ǡ
չʲô
ǣѾµŻ
չһô
ѵΪܴ
չ룬û˵֪ĬһϲҪǿı˵ʵͬĿЦЦֵˣ̫עһ¡
չؿһС⹫ķۣ
ÿһǴС￪ʼģһأȻѱΪ֮أϣȴδزܳܳ˲š
վ˫֣ߵڣʮִ֣ڶ¥Ӹ£ȺϢȻ̾˲ѵѽ
չҲмصҿзǵģɵСĳĿ
ȻһЦ°ͣ˭


33 Զ
չͰ춷ʱ¥´վˣ糾ͣһԶ
мһˣݸߵĸӣһϮ۴Ͼһ·վߵһӣбһһڰұһıҪ࣬һڰһżӣڴڵسš
м˫ֲŷһ۵ϸյص˶죬ܶȰϵرһͨڣһֱ׷ôˣҲ֪ȥ˺ããĶҰ
԰ӵĺӺصܼң˾̫ʵϡӦһ£˵ûŲˣαô۶أ˵ڶûؾˣΪ˱ǲô˻ܲߣ
˶޺޵ͷһƣǿӽݣиǴܼңܼҡٱˣǼǲסȱ۶
԰ӵĺӸϽϴǣݴܼң
صһۣɧҪԶãӲŲٵ£ôܳԣôࣿ
һǰӵܼңزģôѵֵһҼҵѯʣɲɽСطһ֪뿿δشõ
˼һ£ˣ˵иľЩһ棬æ
ӵܼң˼ҺǷ˻˵ϻǸǡ
ݵɮ濴棬ѰôС¶᲻Ӧɣ
˵žסһ·ˣ˱شľҵס
Ҳ÷ΪαѦˮңأ¶ĸӾ£ǲҲҪִУǷ˵ҹ
ЩѰáǳԾ˿ͷɽ˾ıͲ࣬ҶСһڵԵĸ٣طӡǾһ·ҵˡ
ͬеһǰӣһ϶ǳ԰λĸȻ˵˰£ΰɱ˵̫ɿҲá
븮ľСҶֶôҲмٱǰ費ɣţô㶼ãڻ鲻Ʒһ䣡
ʵԭûָ㣬ɲԶˣҪְϮģͷҲѲ˾λȥΨ£ҲܲȣʵڷһƷ¶ȫԸ
Ѳ챻ľѵࡣ
ľĵһɽΪСҶүүӴ޼ҾΪˡľĵʱֻһͨѲ˾ٱʹ˱СҶүүΪͷĿ䳤Ӽ̳˾ְҺ޼ҵĹϵ
ǣʱƣʮȥˣСҶүүѾСҶĸҲӢţСҶʮʱͼ̳ѲٵְʱСҶ곤˶٣۱ݸó常ľҲˡ
ŸѲ˾޼ҵĴ˵ıľıƣټһȺŷѲ˾֧¸Ϊ˶Ծص·þֶΣӪֻ̼̲򼷿壬ɴ˸նж
Ѫȵͬʱľڶλƽ·Ҳɴ˵춨ںصϵλ޼ұҵ˾ľϣȫѹ޼ҡ
ľһֱ޼ҵĶԾӣСҶѲʱʮ꣬ľƽ·ʱֽύɽĺúԭ֮£ǰСҶѹģСҶһֱָʹ·ָԼһ¡ҲҶﺬص㲦ӵԭ򣬶ڶӵĴҶﲢһ֪
СҶľѵϺһһģεؽ͵ףȻѲ˾ΣֻǻƷһ֣ԶˣСֶʵǡ
ľͷشĻ˺ˣ㲻˵ˣ֮ȫԸΣҪҵ䡣ȥɣһҪ
СҶ˿ĭǿֳĸоصǣǡСֶ͸ˡ
ľûֻϲӬƵĻ˻֣ϰ̬ȶԴСҶСҶ뿪֮ľ˿Ŷͷ˼Ƭ̣Ըܼҵ׼һݺҪȥ
ǹܼǸľɱɱһСС·ŷһһѪӡĸԺ̲ܲסүһҪعٸǡ
ľصһʱһʱҲǸķʷҪŪһֻϣվŪ췴ǹٳˣȫһٳ˵ĹأŪЩ޴ˡٺ٣ȭʦ
һʱ֮ɣڹϻҪһģΨܶڰҪģƾĳʩѹҲܱͷΨңҺܻɣɿڣǸӵʷ᲻Ӧ
ֻʩѹʹӷˣֻҪΨųʱȫΨðʷأٶ٣ǲȫҪ̣Ҿ̣ǲΪ̣ųϵʤߣ̳ɷ𰡣
ܼô˵ֻõͷУھȥ׼
ܼҸո߳һҶŵŵŵܽصү²ãǼֵܣ˵ǺֵйᣬǴةƹ
ľһʱ޿ˣ׵صǸӾȻͱˣǿ벻̣ټ֣ȥҪˣ
ܼѶܻȰ˵үոջ˵Ҫ̣Ҫ̣̳ɷ𰡣
ľŭɶصҲͷʺ򰡣ˣҲͲںػˣټ֣ǼҶæӦһŻŵȥ
븮⣬̧ͷ븮϶ŵɵģľڴ˵ȷʵǸܱǼҵĸۡҪһЩЩζ
϶һڰˣصǣǼǹٻ˼ңүھٶģôȣ
£븮ǰ䱸ɭϣվǶƷͷ㣬ǰע⣬ĸʿֵ߽غʣʲôģ
æ֣ͷ׳ʿͨһ˵ҡ
˵һƱڵشмӵľʿǷ׷׹ʩ񣺡ү
·бһ˼ҷɽǽĲ̶ڣ罫Ϳգغ߰˸ʱĻƷһľժԹңȵ׼ľʺ
̧ͷһԼǵģȷľɣɴϲæǰҾһ񣬸ҹݣү
ţ
ľŤͷʱһ֦ӲȻ


34 һ
һƷɱﰵһ⡣
һ־ڱصã˵ľڶĸߴοӵ֮£ʱͷϴ任ҪľҪҪǳѣԻƷɵļ˵ȴΪѡ
ľ̨ʱǰڣΪ̨׵ԵʣܹͷõֻˣҲǰߣζ¶һ߷϶һ϶ı¶ֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬Կһмеͻ۾ĻƷ˵ȴ㹻
Ʒ׼ȷز׽˲ϢʱҲʱеļɿǰһɲľ˻ľŤͷʱǡǡǻƷʱ
ʸٿ죬ҲҪӦУԷжļʸͬһʱ̣ļٿҲ׷Ϲ٣ܲʧ֡
Ʒɲ׽λζ¶һ˿϶ԤľǰٶȣһǰӦľҽţδһʯʱöʺ
ľֹŤͷǡñܹ⴦ҪľֹŤͷĿոһ֦㵽ˡ
Ѫ䣡
ľҼ룬ײĿݣִΪһԭ䴩һʱֹסľʹκμⱻһſǣϼ⣬Ǻ
ľнգҲǵɽѪˣӦΪͷңڱڵ廤סԼڱҲӦ߰˸ľΧסѸķ˹ȥ
ľԼС̫ˣɭϣƷɺֻһĻᣬһʧ֣Ʒδκγԣ趨·ݶȥ
Ǽڸոܵм䣬ͼ·һ˼ҵķɽǽһ죬̼ɶ𣬴ӲеһӰ˫Ÿһմأɵǰȥ
ƷɳɶԶǰһһɶߵǽƷһͷǽڰһǽ壬ٶȰθһأ˫һ̽ץס̽ǽͷһɣԳڿеһȦ֦ĵԣԶԶ˦һô
Щڵɱֻ֦ҡҷҶ涣ﻹд̿͵Ӱӡ
үˣүˡ
ǲ̵ֻؽţľΧ㣬ɿԺȥЩںſھȥ㡰顱һ˴š
˱ʣվǶֻŵֽűĿɿڴ϶ӵشյߣɫصƹģʵ̫Σˣǻǻؾݰɡ
ؾݣǻؾݣ
ҲŻˣһ⻰»ϵͷǣոתͻȻַӦ־϶Դʹһ£ʶʲôƹģǴ󵱼ҵġ
϶ίԴǣ󵱼ҵġ
һ󡢹ܡң߲
ŭô߲
ǰһεص㿴
̧ͷһͼ߰˸븮ŵǹɫƵվǰ
ݸϽЦλ׳ʿ¾£·أеС鷳үæģүˣСҲٴţ͸ǣǣ
˵žǼ븮ȥһͷŻ󿳵ﬡǰһЦ£Ҹո³ƺ󵱼ҵģ
ݿɥ˴ˣոǳƺҴƹģҲŻ˽д˳ƺһʱ󣬳Լ󵱼ҵġ
ǱͷӺٺٵЦƹĿɲǴ󵱼ҵģ֪λֵĸɽͷϵĺúеİ
εصλ׳ʿĳǻ콭ģʵһᡭ
ǱͷӰһӣȵƫǴүʱڳߣŶûУǲǲ˵ѺȥؽˮΣ
ݴ󾪣ؽˮΣҪҺүж֮顭
һȺһӵϣ䣺û֮ʹү˵ߣ

ã緭һ׮׮ڣͣ
ҶСף˵Щ¹֤ˣΨ֤ȷ䣬ӹˣһ˽ҩΥƷĲȡģʣľ¹ٽ飬ľн
ץͷ˲ŵصȷةΨѾйˣ
ҶСľȥôйͬıб𣬷ľ
ȻǹٸҪƾ֤˵ƾ޾ݵģһľץһòƾʵʱ򡭡
ҶС춢Ż۾ᣬһһķǳˣĺûᣡ
͵һʧô
ҶСջĿ⣬Ŷ滨ɫ˵ǯ˵ģΨУΨʱܹϵվġΨľ⵹֮Юʤ֮Ҳ֮档
ʱƾƷӡĴټϴΨжصȨɽв֧֣ҲʱãʱٿûȨ԰ѺԼˡ
ȻĶһ뵽ľǸͽֶΣԥɰβŵ㡭аգ
ҶСüʲôգ
Ͱľ֤һľֵ֮ͽѲ˾ֶһΨǴӣظûʲôܹԸ㡭ʲôգ֮Է
ҶС쿴ŻĿ⽥ҡҡͷԻˣ¶ʮɰգľˣҪһԺ֮ãһûᣬѾΪѵãֵһˣ
ˣʱվֺηɹˣ㽫ʧˣɰһƵҵͷϣľŹȻ裬Ҵҵ󣬼Ȼû췴ĿܣŵĶȥҶɱҶλ̫ү
ͺڨڨصز£ֻǡΪһ֮ץˣƾ޾ݵٰŵǾɨˣԱؾãǡı󶯵ĺá
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һֱɷС΢ֻƣòãڿ͸˹ųԡѹ뿪ϢشţߵͥԺУһغɻĬĬ
£ѭüɫ߹ҶС⼸ûȥˮ裬ҲѴ͸¶Ѧˮ֪ҶС쿴ˣҪԼ˵һչ¶ŮˣڳԿǱҵ飬ǾԼˡ
ѭλ˸硱ҪȻ󣬽ɵԺȥ̽ˮ裬ˮһģΪѯʡֳΣȻ˵ЦģҲ˵ñƽʱ࣬ѭϲĻŭš
ѭ˳߹һ̧ͷվںɻǰһæŲ߹ȥ㣿

ѹĺܣȻܵһʱѹæ˶񣬵ѭ죬ȥˮˣ
ѭǣ㣬ɫãͽˣ
ſЦһҪڽͼ䣬ǰߡ̡һ죬ʱˣ˻ĸ״
ϣҲһ⼸ζá񣬿ϴι֮´ʧڶѾЩ־֢ˡ
ով𣬾ͼһ۷ҲƵشܽү롭ľˣľڻԩ

⻰ɴһŵü˵ꡱһ°ͲѾʡ


35 żë
羪˺þòŽʵľȻҲԩ
ľҪ˭˭Ҫľ浽Ųܴģүô
һɻȴҲҵϽԸá
ҶСҲľŹ֣ľԩĪԽΪ˵ʲôӣҶСһʱ벻͸ҲŻϵã֪ڳȴҲѣȻû˻λصʷ
ľûĴܼҷס
Ʒһľ˵оգȻȥϽҩֻʱ˵˻ֻܳЩʳѣԺϻѿĴѣүֲǿԷģȻں
ľˣŭɵ´ƣԸһȫǴѲѰǸ겻ɢĻƷɣڴȥľתһ룬Ȼ뵽˿Գô˷ҶСһӲǿڿҪάׯôǾΪЧЧɣ
ľƷɵĴڣةô°ҶСһͷ㲻ܰ⵹ֻҪʱְͣԼֽҲáȴة˲ƵҶС죬ûܰҶС⵹Լ˽ȥ
ô½ҶСһ뵽һҪԸԼҶС첻òƵش˵ȥ֣ľоһ⣬ǣ׾ͱү־˺á
̡̣̣̣
ܼһֱһֻ־Ź鳣ػŹģ̡һ󣬰ѹһӣȻ˴á
Żŵش߳һŹñһӭףҪ֣Ȼ˲ľһ
׵̫үҪ״
Ȼ˵Ҫ״ôô
˹ص븮ܼңҼ״𣿡
ԣԣ
Ͻߵ棬ľҪáײͷص̫үͱˣģ˷ǹٸȥץûץ˷֮ǰʲôģ
ڨڨط¾ľԭˣôܼҪٸˣϸ
׿һ̫үҼүѲձе֡ˣǱһлƷɵɱ
硰һд£˵ذʷȥˡ
׵ƷɣɽһԻţԱ壬ΪһŻƤ븮ִĸĸΪһ׮ȥǨŭ븮ɱˣΪйߡ⻪ƷݣվȻ븮⣬ҼʱԹд̡
һϲȲʵľˣ
ɣ׹񣬻ͻȻԼ̬е㲻ԾϽְһеģʵ
׳̫үʣҼүȻ
˵ԲԵĻˡãǺǣడ
صغһ⻪ƷŴɱˣӳ͢ʿΣҼϣ̫үѲ׳ﳤز޵Ѳ֡˼Σգ򲻿ɵ֮
̫ȭˣͲľʼʩ¡ȻءһӦһƽʹټ١٣ͬ顭
װһɣȵ¼̫үҪټٹͬ飿д
ҶС棬ǰդţդǰ߻һྲӣԷ׿ҶСվƷɴɱľǰ֡һƦҲǱƷɱϢͷһ
ҶСȻֻͻƷɽӴΣ˽꣬ƷаѪ˵һ棬ͬʱΪСңһɫˣųҲ󼰵Ļ侲һˣһűɱ֣ʲôԭɱ䣿
ҶСƶʻⷬҶСϾͽӿڵ̬ΪٶɱˣҪ϶ȫ֣ȫԸֲǡ
׻Ȼתդһȵʲôˣ
ҶСդǰߣƹդǰЦص˱صʷǸײˡ
׵ĿⶸȻһϵҶС졣һЦãʷⷬĳˣֲܼʱ鰸ٶɱѪʱҼүʿ˾Ͱ˾㣡˵գһ˦ӣȻȥ
ҶС̾˿Ի֪صˣ㿴һ£ž磬֪һŷıҵĹ£֪ĻΪʲô˼ء
䣬ѵһ죬Ͻתߵ⻪ƷɼɽһԻľԹأп´ΣҪľץˣ
ҶСɫˣľӯҲɹٸ䷨죬ɰԱƱˣ»ףҳ͢ںεأԣľҪ죬ΪĲбͽҲһҪץ
ֻ⻪ƷɼȻԻǼó伣ٵģҪץǵöԱȫУְԴϾԴȥѲ֡
ҶСⷬɾǼ˵˻˵ˣҺû粻ǰҶة˵ǷСԱƱù͵ĸۣ򻹲֪뷨
ĵһԸľôֿϰľץˣǼҲΪͷ⣬ٶԸľԼ̨¡ɣǻƷܸɵľȻͬ졣ҶСץƷɣҶľ˽Ҳûͱ˴˵Ĺϵ
뵽ʹص֮ȻˣϾǩȫȨ𼩲ɱֻһ¡
ǲ£ҪǸеӣڴ֮ϾͿһƱǺôӡҶС졣
ҶСȻǸײĵʷƽʱֻܹߵĿ֣Ҳǲ졣
УƷ̾׳侯ͷⶡʹһˣͳۡ˲죬ЩҶС춼ȨһȥƴֹѧӾҲΪл֪س棬ſԵ׳Ʊſ˳صࡱȫ
Ҳ㣬šƱǵݺܹ㣬ΪҪȫףҶС첻ԵۣڱҪʱʾƱҪ󵱵פҲѲ˾ЭͬץˡͬʱƱﳤ˷ʩ
ҶС촧Ʊ߳ãһ˿ЦⲻϡĺһȰ˵İǲվںˣëڻ֪ǼëǷ


36 ƽ
ҶС˻֪ǩġƱежڶһ磬׳Ͳ죬бǱ׷׸ϵѧٳʷ˲ǲ
ҶСȻűȽˣҪú׵ƲأǰʱʱһգҲαװԭߣʱҪǲȻŹգŪʿ
ҶСϽ̨ʱӡ־βܰͷɸƵģһȳһյ·˦ǸȣĴȵ汻˵ġҶСĳܰͷհͷѭѼظͦø߸ߵģҲǰδеĳ档
ҶСվڽ̨±߿˿ѹѹһƬеǿ׳˼ֻǹƣڼҶС쿴ʵɢĲӡսҲǹͷ˻ǲġ
ǲǾӣҲǿˡ
ҶСοԼɤ˵λɽԻƷɣ֡Լбֶɱ֮ͼɱʿľĳ֪شүԸȫȨѲ׷һȴӽ𣬽ܱٵȲǲ˭ҵˣٿɲ
ҶС̨ϻŲӣһתֵ˴δĵģе˲ǰɣʵȻֶβ̣ºĸʱ鰸֪ɳЩʲô¶Ϊһƽȫ֮ץ鰸ǱҪġ
ȻȻȫ֮Ҳֻܾôһ£֮ǰ˵ҪظַΨΪة˽˽ǻҩֳֹ͢Ķɼص·֮ⱡ
Ȼȫ֮Ǿʹϵ£׽һδɨжѾָɸǣǽᱻֱ𻮲£ָжء硢壬ÿһֵÿһ˼ҵȫĳ״ɨһвɹڡһţһвӣȫ
ǣе汲ˣеҴʱǵΪľӣŵ￪еǷ˻ԭȥ
ΪʲôԵǼȻ¸ˣǵļңǴҵģĺҪɨһˣǵɨѣǻҳ롢֩Ҫͳͳɨ⣡
ҶСⷬսǰܶԱ˵һɿЧȫﲻղѪڡŭةľ磬ܶ£ƽغҶСȫ׳ǴﳤĸɫľȻ
ۿһͷȥˣܰͷһȳһյشյҶСߣˣְõֻЩ죬ճһȭͷжԿľĿܣǴɢǷͷȥЩƵۺ綡𣿡
ѭҲĵصǰˣ㿴һʬƵģָǣǲ켯ľһս
ҶСҡͷ۵Ĳһֻжʮˣȥеģʣ߰˸ˣʮѵܶԸľ
⡭ѭ˼һۣҡҡͷ
ҶСľԺѾЩͷˣôװ⵹ġةȻˣľѾѴӹٷȡⲢ׶ԸˣҪһٲ±Ҫ
ѭʵ£
ҶСةȻץҴѳ֤ݣɿڣûĿڹ޷ʳľϡץЩƦåҲһο֪ޣйҲõĶ
ľӺЩ˼ɣ侭Ҳϳٸ档ԣҪĵһ£Ҫҳһгѵ
ѭ˼ĬĬͷҶСſվ벻һ֣һ㱣ʹľ伫ͬʱһЩҪġ
֤ǱģöԸةİ취һݼ֤ݣľץȻľ֤ݣķҲвͨľͽԴС
һķͻ޿֣һش͢׷ȴֹٸ֤ǼٵģǾһƷյνԱС
ҶСڶ㣬ûƾʵݣһľ֣Ҫľͽضᷴд֣ƾ϶ʮ죬ܹң
ѭ˼ҡҡͷҶСָ̨µԣҪǡǲҪڸʬƵģѵǵججӣܱǿĶȥ
ѭüЩԲͬţеĻ£Ҫ£ģΪãʱղ̡
ҶСǺЦҲҪΪãֻҪʹľͳˡľѾǵǸں˵һľˣ֡˱ץةץľɵеļѾ
ľȻҲһ㣬ƴҪյٹ⣬ʱЩȥľ鷳ֻ£ľǱߵһ㣬ǻô
ѭ˼ŻȻ
ѭĴָĵ޵ߣʵǸߣ
ҶСҪģ˵һĲֵǾĲǾͽͷĥһĥǣĥǵѪԡŭֵ󱩻ľֻBOSS㲻ҲòѪ

ҹꡣ
꽦ʯϣһˮէէ£һڱҵţ΢ĵƹˮͿһĹʣҹ͸ζ
𣡰𣡡
СĻƽඡ
µϸӣһƣŰӣһֳֻнôţԶﺰԶ̨ʶȫ˿Ǵ衣
һ߲ţգȴǵƻ͸ʮŶѵذǶÿǰۼһȺۻӮüɫĶͽ
ɫݻƣŵúָĨ棬ͻȻ˷ܵ⣬һģȵͷ˵꣬ſ˫ۣЦҪȥ§Ǯ
ţԼһЦؼ֣ܿһۣȻһŹƣһƬ졣˹ƿڶţѹѹһƬڡ
ɥɥƣ
Цص˼ĻͷҵҲһá˵ſ˫۰ϵǮԼһ§ֻѼƵĸ¸»Ц
𣡰𣡡һԶСĻƽඡ
û裬
Ӹ¸µЦϲơҲӮң˵㶼ǷҰʮˣĲģҪûǮ͹Զ
ҧҧһӣϹأ乻һģ㵽Ҽ˯ȥ
ӺٺٵЦ˵ӣͦζġ
ϣ£ŵƵߵⴱǰ棬ҿ裬ĴҲܻطȥˣԶתȦתȦ
Ƭ֮һȺڰ׳ڲԵ˹䡱һűײˣһȣĳߺٸ참˻رܣ
ˣҶæġ伱۵һԾ𣬳𼸿ƾųȥģһ֪İʷ֪֪˭ĳӣ
Ӵ
һǹƣ񱻷ӡƵģˣӳǰһӱվ׳м䣬СеصͽϮ참ˣͳͳץ
˵ٸĵλںذĿЩͽǻǲǷӳʵسЩ׳ԸԸۼ龰Ҳֻ÷ӭս˫ʱһš
ɴĻ


37 ͨ
ľΪʩƣҶСΪ߶ʱµ¥˹ݣ¥ջķһһ˸鷳֮УɧŲϣµȻһץһ׼ûµġ˼һյ蹦һأ㻹ô⣿
ľԼһΰʯͷԼĽţҵĸ·䣬ֻҪ׮⻹ΰԼϣͲᶯҡĸⷽ棬ҶС켴ΪʷҲǲ岻ֵģѲ˾Ѳ˾ľҵĲ԰ӣժժɾͲɣȻᵣҶСܹľҲ粻ҡ
Ѿҩסˣ˽ʳʱҪ⿪ƽʱֻֻֻܿ۾ڶıǿףľ˵ڻд֣λһϰڴʩĺشоʵһλʦƵģʼӺīʼָӡ
֮£صĵƦåǺ׷׳ǣһʱسǸִܶŹаСϷŮɹƭ¼
ҶСҲҶˣܱܰСһץûʱͲ˵
λӣĺؼɹһʱССĺشΪЩǲŲΣηˣȻֻӲͷˡؼһֻа˼ССηƽʱʹô´࣬ʱ߾Ȼһٶʮ߸ˣƽһηʮ嵽ʮˡ
ѴͲ˵ˣô෸˹˯޷ССη涼ȫµģҶСΪһӱְ˯ƶȡ
һηʮˣ˯֮һķ˯ʱʮ˾ǽڣͷǣż⶯һ¾ܲȵˣֻһ·Ĭ
ҶСľⷬ˶ûԳ棬ȴݱһʼЩ׳ۺ綡ǻȽϽƣǲԸͬľԽ𣬵Ǽܲסľ·蹷ڶ࣬ҧĶˣҲͿʼˡ
ǣÿ춼˱ÿ춼й˴ˣذÿ糿żʱһ²ǻ簲໥ѯʣ֪Լ֪һЩϢļҹӱٸĸѲ
ЩѲÿϽʱҪӰӳשͷˣɷʤǷ֣ذնǵ̬ǰвַͬʱԶ飬·˼ʱҲࡣ
һҶС˵ǸǺõĵҽΪȥΪι˵Ĵ̫ƵˣҶСһ£ɴפã￪ˡҽݡ
жҶСӡܺãԴӺλʷԽԽˣͶұϵʱص͸ҶСһС̳װϾƣ˵洫طƵҩƣ׳̲ԪǹЧѡ
ݵҩƣҪʮϲЧ̳Ͼƣʮ꣬ԼҲûеڶ̳ˡҶСžԣȴ˵ЧֵֻСĶ͸ѭ졣
ϻصסҶСǰ˰ͷ⣬ֻ䣬Сغһ٣ҶСС׵ֱܵܶͦͦģһߣڶȻȡ
ҶС˼͵̳ӾƹȻǺöæȥѭ죬ѾҪᣬòϣԺأδѰ
ȴ뵱ҶС켱Ҵҵҵѭʱѭǽһһߵش߻ɫ͸ࡢ͸ף˫촽ϣһ㽿øƵġ

ⳡȻֻǺذգչѾװȥͭʣԭͬеİȴͣЩӣⳡشսʤߡ
˰죬һҲڹעڷһУ˾Ǻٴ̼ͬǹĵֻⳡս᲻Ӱ쵽ԼⲻͬٴĵܷԺδֲһرӰ졣
ٴϣһһ߸ͷɫο֮⣺Сѽû뵽Ļ£ܴһȥ˵
ϹܼվںٴߣЦеؽӻǰүҲɣ
ٴͷ⣡֮Сӣ򵥣
ϹܼЦǵȻϻ˵ĺãĶӻ򶴣⻰ɲǰ˵ġүĶӣǶĿȾɣ⾭֮Ҳˡ
ٴٿȻɫʲô˵Ǵࣿ
ϹܼʲôүĲү
ٴЦһҡҡͷ
ϹܼҵүǼҴү
ٴļµëոպЩٴ˵ձڶȥӣЩɫˡϹܼվǶһ

еСǸٶ
һ߳ţҶС쿴ԼԺ⸱Цһӭƴߵصˣ˳㣡
ƴ˵žҪǰ˺ǸҶСסعСʷСĹٶ⸱裬Сٶѵ磿ˣôŰɣͦеġ
ҶСƴԷ߷ߣƴϵǺ£ǰľ˻ֶйô
ƴת룬ͷ˵ǣǰƣľʹȥˣĻ
ƴ˵һ٣ҶСصְû뵽̫үû취ʷȴŪҡ
ҶСλ̫үͲҪˣ޸޵סȨƣûӣֲýƣ˵׾ǸӣԸľпԭةܶԸľȴȴΪľã߹
ƴϵةԸľʲôôأľԲ档ֻû뵽Ϊľú󣬱Ҳ˰ѱľϣʱֻܹľˡ
ҶС˵ͷƬ̣ʵǵʿô
ƴ¶һ˿Ц⣬һΣܵɹˣ˶Ħȭƣ˽·˵޲õʷЩ棬ֱ븮ľÿֻ
ҶСüͷʵֻʲô
ƴϵֻԸľ֤ǻδҵ
ҶСµץˣ˵Ϊ䣬ľͬУ³ǳңЩҴļѾᵽȥˣ㲻ȥѰһ£ǻ߿ԳΪǵ֤ˡ
ƴϵǣְ˳ȥò顣
ҶСЦåǲǡҿԷ裬Ųһ裬ԣڳȭ֮ǰҪһ壡¶õġҶС˵ţȻ˸ƵģĹһʵѭأ
ƴֵصղŻأôһȥˣ
ƴϸҪŤͷһ㡭ߵҲ̫Щ˵ţѭڵ߹
ҶСüⶼˣô⸱ӣ
ѭ찧֮̾㡣˵˾ǲǽǽǽˣǽˣǽҲûˡһţһʮ˴Σʮ˴ΣĳҶǽ֮ң⼸϶øľϺš
ƴϡ͡һЦҶСص˾ƵдЧ
ѭüصĳ˵ʷ˻ô
ƴ촽Ǿơ
ѭȻȹˣҪһϾͺȹˣԪˣ
ƴϷ˸۶޺޵صôǶƤϡ
ѭЦ壬°ɣ㻹ĽƾˣҲһչ۷磬˵÷ϰ
ѭ컰δˣԾʹԶܹһһߺˣƷɣץˣ


38 Χ
ҶС˵ƷѾץסʱ򣬻ƷʵûбץסǱסˡ
ƷǸˣɽشսͬȣŵ˵һɽش֣ƿ񣬼ļֵ֣߹ʮҲδľѻȫˡ
زǴ֣ҲɽϵĲݡ
Ʒ˵ľֶζԸľһʼӦ֣ǵľȫ£ӲʩѲ˾˿ʼǼʱ͸оЩˡ
ҶСͨٷȻ־ڴľǼȻѲƷɵĻӣȻֻľĲҵ֣һƷɶصľ͸ƣӦˡ
سǲѣɽڸӻһ߲úûأܰĵ˯һﲻС
ַĥһƽʱȥĵطҲһһ˷Ѳ飬˶ĵطأһδİӣǼԵĿ꣬ЩǺ󡢵ƦåԳÿһ׶һֺ
Ʒһɫľѻ֣ҪһܹṩֱϵĺڻزܷʲôûУȫûκֻܹ¾ս
ɽȥҲǲʵģССһǳأĵطҵĶĿҪЯҪ벻˷ֱּ졣ˣںľ˵ûʲôܵСǣɶ˺ܾãУҲĵþƣˡ
Ʒɽ챻֣ڴɱľʱܹѪط壬ҲǱʲô̽ѭ׼ȷжϳڣǱһöĹײظֵġ
öĹҶСľĶĳ˹ݡ¥ǸҹڶĳƾΪԷϮǸĹá
õʱҲץˣ𲻴ڼΪ£һΪ̷¾Ͱͷšˡó֮ȴ鷳ˣҪծ
ûծ⳥ԼŻծȴˣΪӵĶʺӮǮȫûˣЩǮʣȻЩҪû
ΪϮ죬Ͳ֣첻֣ӮȥǮͲᱻ˳ǣծ׷ȻҪͷϡ
Ǯ˵֮ٲǮжһȣ鼱֮±˽ʿ˵Ҫȥ˯ײİ塱˵ܶڴʬĹײİ˯һޣĲ
Ϊ˭˿ײȥ˯һĹײģǡǡôһطׯׯǺٴʾ轨ģٴǺĴˡ
˼붷˰ҹ׳ӣ͵͵ǱˡׯƷɴʱͲׯسΪԹĵطˡׯʵҲЩƤǷѲĵطϾǴʬڣﶼЩɻ䣬ĴЩѲҲʮϸ
Ʒ⼸춫أ˯ҲѾ۵þƣշתȥٴׯǰҹʱ㾯ѣȵ뷦֮⽥Ũ뵽ֵط˰ҹ飬ϳ˯ȥ
ñܹءׯˣŹײĵĵطڵϹʶͱ쳣Ȼ΢΢ŵûɢתܣȻ뵽йģĪˡͬС
ҲʵͶ·ˣӲͷƤȥƵƣڴǰүĴѲʱϤΣ֪һͣڹײģλҲǵá
һڹײһڹײĵȥײİ϶տҲȫˣƺϣĸϾӻֵܵطǡ
ҲԼжǲ׼ȷֻһ뵽үľ޶ͽ𣬻ϲһľҪըˣϳ뿪븮Ϊ̫żˣͨݣ䱸ɭϵ븮ɴ̿һˡ
븮·˵ׯΣʱôпܣæǰһ뵽Է˵ֻһˣǴЩӵıƻжǣɵ֮ǺҹׯƫƧĵطΪ˰ȫľľȥСҶѲ˾ٱЭͬץˡ
ȷ׵֣ľͷǿСҶ˱һ·춼ˡǺϱһϵׯȰǿׯϲͷסȻͰׯΧ˸겻͸
ȵǲϣʼׯʱƷѾѾˡƷɼ˫һ֣鷢ľµĺ֮ʿһ䵹ˣæֲжŰơ
һ˫ֵ°ջϤʱٴеΧׯԺǴͣʬɲܴǸ;е֪µģϾҶСˡ
ҶСһɫһԸ죡֣ȥׯ
ոոϵûȵѭ찵һҲȻһǣͷ¿·˵صĽŷѭ˫۶ʱһһָе㣬

ľ޵ҶСͻƷ֮һ
ǰľ˺ȥݷ֣ɽв㶯Լںطɧٸʩѹʱ֪ع˴ʧˣΪ̬ɱңضֹҶС췢衣
һ족ʨӣʨӽǣǽèè󽵴󡭡κβǸʷܵǸ֪ȴܡ
ľΪضȻӦʣΪǸµΪԻ֪ΪѾ⵹ةٰԼ⵹صİںɽͻ䵽֪ϣةԴһΪɵġ
ȴľߺ߹̬֮Աľ˲ԣֻܿ˵ۼӦ£ֻı鶼Σľŭ顣
ػǷֵģץǸ겻ɢĴ̿ͻƷɲǵ֮ǶʷȳةʱٶԸͷϺ겻١
ҹ˵˻ƷɵټľϲʱֻǷԸȥְΧׯԼδ档ԭ˵ЦǸʱµȺηүţòٻҲǱˡǻƷɵһƣĺڵϹĲ֪Ķһ֦
ȵľŴϴȺƵĽγׯ·ϲ˻ر˵ƷѱΧѷɡľд󶨣ݺݵ±Ȼ˼ƣĸǣȥ죡
ľȻȥȡ˵Ʒй֮һ򵱹ĪľҲ˹⡣
СìװϽ˽ӵеģͬıǴʱ粻ʱϸټϹݵеξ棬ľ˽ʮ߹
ľ󵹲Ϊ췴ܴ󣬵·лǻһЩ֮ͽƻ⣬һϬľá
ȥľԸ˼ӿٶֱׯʱҶСһҲȫٸׯԶԶģͼׯһŨ̹𣬷·һֱ


39 
Ũ̹Һýֻ΢磬Ѳ˾ٱվϷͷŴðŨ̵Ķͣ׷ǿܴˡƷɾЩŹ⻬Ļľˣһ֦
Ʒɵļһжʮ֦ϺõļʸҲ׾ģɱҰʱҪʹã˾ٴĥʮ֦²ģҲдүүǱģһֱϧ
ʮ֧ʮֻ֦һ֦ײŰ嵲סʮ֧ȫҪмߵ
Ʒɿ˼౻Ѭͨ۾ЦɱʮˣˣֻϧûľΪҵﱨ𡣡
ļûãÿһɱ˶ǣͷĻǳǰߵģΪãԷܹƷֻжʮ֧ʡŵãڴڼҵһĻᣬϧһֱûеȵΧ˷ԽԽࡣ
Ѳ˾˶ԴƺôģһֱΧզզģȴûʲôжֱ׳ȣǲȥ˴ѵȼϷͷẒ̇ɲϼУƷɹ˴ʧˣѾزסˡ
ľϵˣԶԶͣסֳڳôƣٲȻսһĹ⾰ǴɿȻƷɰȻڷɫʱһ
˳죬ʱȥȡѾ˼ľװǿװ뵱һ֣һͨ䡣
ݶ첻̫䣬ԼӵǽҲǺܺ񣬸οͣʬķӣݶǽڶܱǿ󶴴һͨʸȥƷ⧲ͷȳһɴһ
Ʒɼæһ߹ľߣ߿׸ǵϣľǱףǼʸһΣùľһܻסˣһ޷ֹԷüʸڻɰļ

Ϸͷ̵Ѳ˾ٱͻȻһҺһʿؿм浹ȥҲ֪ĸ쵰һЩʸȻԽӣ䵽˶ڲ̵Ѳ˾ٱȥ
Ͻٶܣٶܣ
СҶһʼΪǻƷͻΧ߷͹Ͻҷͣٶܽ䱸ͬʱɿ뵽мĹٱߣһؿеļʸСҶʱը˷Ρ͹ʽͬƷõԹԡ
ؿмʿڵϣȻһϢСҶֺỽ֣㣬㡭㡭
촽⶯˼£СҶȻһЦͷһСҶ۾߬һyڵϡ
ȥ
״һˣͷ϶ľڹڻ¿ٱƽͣ׷͵һ߿ţеһŹӰ糵һ˽ȥ˭Ҳ벻λİֵĴܼҾһ˵֡
ľһֹֻͣǴ߳ľһЦְǰһӣֱһӵȥ
СҶŵ۾ڵľ߸һȺ汯ߵʿʿ̧ŵʬ塣
СҶվסŲӲصСֶǰ㣬֮ǰȻ֪ͨǹܣҵ˱ˣСֵֶǽ
ľ²˳ͷһ˳СҶȻ˵ʱŭؿСҶһֹۣµĴҲûٴƣðƵһһس㣬¡ãˡҲᣡ
СҶڵһͺ缦ڣ
ľһӣˣǻƷɱģ
СҶûָŵʬ壬㿴ļ
ľǰȻһһʺмʬϰγƷɵļһתְѵʬϵ£漴ۡһͰԼ˵мصڣǻƷɱˣ
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ƷҪ似ĻȻǷ׵Ķ֣ɽжֵҲǿһͷˣԷ˶ڣֻö̵һˣԼȱ㰤һ̷ڵأܻ׽
ľߵƷǰƷһĴˣʱҧгݣƴҪ˹ȥ븮Ťĸ첲õϥ䣬ȴ޷ŭ
ľŻƷɳ޵۾һЦͻȻһȭصشڻƷϣҧԸȥǲ
ס֣˭˽̣˷ңȣľüͷһأ˵ģǸʷﻹеڶ
ľ΢΢۾תͼҶС찴ŵһʷۣɭϵҶСŴ졢ּͿǹֳֶƵ׳
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ľ˿΢΢۾ֻſװ˰֣ʾǰ˵ľ˵ܳͬӵʷ˵һܡ
׳ɫʷˣץģ
ҶС΢ЦΪܹԼץ֣ǹٸں棬ٺܲ
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׼һٵ٩ȻŭȵʣѵҵĻһССʷȻǲңɱ븮ˣ븮ץģԼ˶׮ԹҪǹٸ塭
û˵꣬ҶСһ˹ȥžһĴݺڷ׵ϣǷһܡ֣ҲȫûзӦҶСһˡ
ʶ˭ĵӣ٣ҶСһ˵һߡˣɱˣйٷΣ˭׼˽蹫õģĿ죡
ҶС˶վڲõıһ߷ɣ֪֮ҶСһֱվ˶ҶСص׷Ҵã˭ӣɱۣ
ƴһæڿڵˣ浱Լղ
ҶСһ˭ӣһߣɱ
ûҶСǰǰ׳ǵĴĥһ£ϷĴֻǶʮ죬Щ׳ǻŭֻû˳ûǣͷҶСһ£ʮ׳һɱ
ʮ˷ìܳǹ֣Щǰεİεټϵľ٤ҲɱڡľЩǹѲ׳Ƕ
ڻСҶѲ˾Ĺٱվڶ˫Ĳһ۴һֹŹֵĮضľҲ֪ʲô㡣
ľͷ΢΢һͻȻһǰδеĲѻ콻ٸֽһĴǴ˾ȴȫ޷𷴿ĸо
ѵҵô


40 ɱ
ľδҶСɽԻ֮ʲôԨԴҲ˻ҶС˽ǿǶʮôţҲĿŵƳô󰸶ȻҲ˰ڲࡣ
ΪҶСҪѻƷɴߣֻΪ˽һţҶС˴ߣһƷɶӵʷ˵ɽѪô죿ǣʲôɾܾٸ˷ӵļƣֻҪľҾܾһȫС
ϣҶСռ˴ݣа׳ףʵѲ֮£СҶǸ쵰ɫƣȻԸղŵ»ڹڻְæҲЩѡ
ľͷˣ㻪Ʒɶ˵ɽѪΣվǻƷɵһ֮ǣ֡˶ˣõƾʵ̸סڴڼ䣬Ѷɱﵣʹ֪ؽְ񣬵ʱֻûϻҰڲ
һȨ֮ľҧ˰֣ʾ⽻ˣ
ƤģǰЦһͱϴĿںǿǰݺѪ̵ٲйˣǽ죬ٴӿͷ
ľĿƵģضҶС죬ò˶Ϳ˳ϴһɾҶС죬ڻʱֻȶӵĹǰ̣
׼ϴòˣ˿ص˸ǣ
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ҶСŻƷԶȥıӰڳ񣬺ȻһصĽŲһתͿСҶ߹Ӻͨͨģûۣ۰ȴѳѪ
ҶСЩ֣ǰһδԶСҶ飬оЩ졣СҶѪ۾ҶСҸһɣΥģ˵
СҶ˵꣬ˢһаγһ߬סһĴָʳָס⣬һֻ֣ԡһ죬һֿõ켤Ƭ
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СҶͷĳȥΪֵ£вǲʱֻһ仰ǣ
СҶ˵תߣƴĿҶС죬صѲ˵ʲôôûͷûԵġ
ҶС°ͣҲŪ
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ҶСĶԸľ֮ݷùˣмҪһһɽ¶ˮһСҶˡ
ҶС쵱ΪȰ˵СҶƴ֮ѣȥ޼ң׶Ҷ˵һǵѵ⣬֮ҶС˽һ£ȻŪСҶľ֮Ĺϵ
˴ҶСٶ޼ңϣܹ˵СҶվһߣһԸľҶԴҲǼ޳ɣСҶȴܾˡ
СҶľһֱѹȻҲܷУ֮ĽҲ⻹ľԭ򣬲ΪųΪһ֪ͼͷĽʹ˶ϣϣ壬ֻرʾԱ
죬ȴ֪ԵʣСҶȻȷı̬ҪᶨƵվһ߹ͬԸľѲ˾վһߣɽΪҶСԸľһɱﵡ
˭ɱ߶ϣΨֱ˲֪أҶСûжƴ͸¶飬СҶ̬ⷬҶСһӾͷľսİոˣ
ȭͷѾ߬ˣҲֻһȭͷֻôʦ֮أ
ҶС΢΢۾Ʒȥķӵɽ꣬Ϊʲôľ˿̹ǵĳޣҲһսԵɣҪˣ

شӵζѬˣǱַ˵ĻĥѾ˵ûˡ
ѭ˴򿪼δŵʱ򣬰˼ηﶼͬΣ߸ˣ粢磬ŰţϡŹֵĺ࣬ǽ·һ
һѺŴϵĻƷ˽߸ѭͼ죬ηķ⿴һۣһ겻꣬ÿ˶˿Һֻһ˰ʱҪʮ˸ģǴҾֻõ޺ˡ
һվӣ˿˼ηѡ࣬ͨ͸ȽϺõһż࣬ͳԿ״ţѭµɵŸʲôͳͳ
ηķһʱ˷ʵүǱͷˣ
ллүллأ뿪ˣ
ҴӲ֪ξȻ˿£Ҳˡ
ѭһǵĻ˭˵ˣηȥ
һʱըѣ˲µηճһΪ˹Сӣ˭ƾʲôͱŴѵ̫үСӣ
ѭԲ˸һͣȦƨӾ̫үСӣ
˰һǴͣòգȴҲҷֻ÷ɧҶεģƾʲôܵסһηҲη߻סô
ѭЦƾʲôƾССͣ͸ȥɱľƾһ˱ɵľʮ֣ʸ񣡡
һԺȻһδѵүҪҵǸƷɣһ˾Ȼɵүʮˣ


41 ͷ
ľصֱۡ鷿ɫϣĿڤ˼ã˵Ըȥ
һֱվߵķ׳һʧ磬ǵ⣬оųȫָأ⡭ⲻɱһǧ˰𣿡
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ľˣⷬ˵úЩ˼ķǳ˼Ƭ̣ҧҲֻˣͷԸȥľͷ۾Ŀ񣬷򼱼˳ȥ
ݶͨҪһͨϱһͨǴ֮޽ġˣȣǴһλ˾Ůʮʱ޸˹˾¤䡣
ףʱԪ谵£ʱƣͶϴΧԪͨΪռݽ˺͡
ݼ˵Ĺ޽˹ݵʱĹݺĲնѩջ֣ͨУڵ޽ҪĲ۾ݣһȥֻҪգҪ˷Ϊ⣬ѳ¡
˵£ͨӴ˳ΪϵĴͨӴ˱ؾݣҲΪͨϷһͨҪĳͨµ塢õȫ벻
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Ĵ̼ȻҪԹص͢·жϡԱͣͲУ޷䣬ȻҲҪ𣬵ʱҪ˵һССʷλƷӡҲҪһ¡
ľһƵ·ʼͻ䣬ڶ·ϾʹϢ¸·խļ̳˼ɽټļ̶֧ȫû
Щطɽܣ·խӹٱʩչСɹٱȥҲûʲôôϢʱĻ̡̻
ྭɺ׼µֶ̼سʱס¹ɫǵĻһǺܴʧЩҪʲ̫ܵõˣǼȹϵϣʢŭ֮£ȻҪ֪ʩѹ
ʱϢΪմ꣬ж·ͻȻ̮޸·Ҫ˹ʱãѶԹڡ
ЩȻҶСȫ޹ϵϤľֶε˺֪֮ڵ˺׾ͰϵһǶүǶ԰ʷɫˡ
ʱ򣬲̡͢䡢·Ա׷֪ʩѹǱʿҲΪˣǲԻ֪صΪҶСҲʼЩҪôǾ̵ģҪôǿӪģ·һǾͶ˻·
Ȼ֮ƽʱľѹȻʱʱľ̰ҶСվͬľʱҲΪ֮ȲʣһӰ쵽ǵ棬ǾȫȻľʩӸǵʹࡣ
ֻ֪ǮԲϷΪҶСͬүԵԵʡ˵ȻȫǴڣƼתֱ£ʼöҶСԽԽˡ
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ľЦƿӣǦܲһҪˡ
ľȻ˺۽¶һëգ

棬ҶС뻪ƷɶţмһʳУʢż¾ƵСˣԱ߻һС̳ơ
ηܰЩٽŴѾҶСˣսڼʿĿҵѴﵽαٰЩ˹˷ѻʳصĲǼŵġ
ֻˣͷߵǼηةŻƷɣǼηëǡ
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ҶСΪƷһƣƷ΢΢ü磬ҲȾơ
ҶС΢ЦڻСһ᳤ġ֪ܲƵζɱ㶼ˣºȾƣ
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ҶС쿴ͺһڣȻⶫأһʼҪȵģˮһʱʱٴڹ²١
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ҶСЦУ˵˵ɣΪʲôҪɱľ
ƷɳĬû˵۾ȴԽԽ죬ΣˮȻ¡
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ҶСȴףҪжôĺ⣬ƽĮ˵Ʒɰ龭˵ԺҶСΪҪѰ˽Ϊβ٣
Ʒͣ¶һ˿εı뼥ڽ٣ͺǼ٣Ҫô̥ľܵİ裬Ҫôǿ̰٣ôֻ뻢ڵĿܸһЩ
ҶС·𿴲ɺʣΪʲô٣
ƷüЩ䶫أ˽ӴҲ˵һЩҶСľ֮飬ץסʱۼҶСľŵľ棬ѵҶС컹ľںһ
Ʒһ£ûڣҶС˵Ҫ٣̾ͱȥñ١סңǹ٣ЩСǸٶĵʷ٣
ƷȻƬ̣׹һ˫⣬ص磬֮ܰԷ
ҶСЦߣһһ˵ɽϣ㣬ҲգҲһ㡣
Ʒһ̶ȻָǶͷɣȻãȵԶͷһ죬һúúȶپƣҪԣϣ¾Ƶģͷ
ҶС߳ȥ󡰻һˣҶСЦʱһ㣡
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ƷɴҶСıӰֲˣλ˵ôǸĪġ
һֱڸηװģţ·һͷƵëǼҶСˣʱظ˵դߣŻƷɺٺٵЦ˵ֵܣզⱿأһѹȥҡͷβٻأ⻰֪㰡ɶ˼֪
Ʒһֶʶ仰ʲô壬㶵ҡҡͷƶʵģܳԣ
ëһĴȣѽѽûĻ£


42 Ǿɣ
豩Ҳδ赲סǰÿ顢ǴʩѹȺʱÿһ붼ţŵĲʱ䣬ɶǰ׻Ӱþϵı꣬˭ۣ
֪ʩѹǵػصʿǴ֪ص˵ǰ·ĹԱ֪طŭڶ̼֣Щ·İգһࡣ
صĿջݵƹҲ𱬵ĺܣǺһжֻʱģ·ͨغܿͻһأֵɽҰģ
ìܡѹȫ˻λӡͷϣѸ֪ŪĽͷöͷתǸûˣȻһжõҶСͷϡ
ֻµЩҲ˽ҶСǻ벻ߵĸԣ˭ȥǶûȤȻǾס֪زţ˭󰡡ΣֻʹȥҶС졣
ʱҶСҪȥΣֻӲػһ䣺æţæȥã˴򷢻ˡ仰˻ûʸ˵ҶСô˵һʵĵûС
ҶСΪɱӲˣ౾ҷ£ڶҶСҶСѾһµӵΪ֪ҶСʷɲãͰҶС쵱в
ߣҶС֪Լɲãֻ֮ǰʹʹؽҲù˼ɺͻ֪صͬŹϵȻ޼ɵرղѣֻٶȥߣмܲסô˵Ŀը
ҶСӼϻͷڻˣͷҲںعεľʲô磬˵λʷз財ģ̫ү޲ߡүֱͷʹɲҵȻΨΨŵŵ£ȥ˷Ʒɡ
ҶСͷֽйƴϡѭ졢ԡȻϸһЩðŴ뿪˼ҶСķԸ¡
һУͷҲѻƷˣҶСҲ뻪Ʒɶ˵£ܰͷʮ커ŻƷɵֱá
ʱƴϡ
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˰Ȼվڻƴһͻأ̽µľʯϡ
һǺӢ꣬µ¶һ߲ĵСطʵĵУһ˫ЬˮСϪµʯϷɿվȵһ
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ɽХ裬˹վɽϡ
嵶üӭźХķ̸飬ΪʲôҪֵطһܾе
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嵶·䷽һ׹أ㶼𣿡
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˵ϺңҪ
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ֵʣϾֻһ졣

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ǺǺǺǡ
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ЦǵȻƲһãȷʵżˡ
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Ȼʲôˣ
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üǣйӻʲôܲĿŵġ
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˷ܵصˣǲ棬Щȥʩѹˡ
ľصȻƲʱҲ֡
׻صףȥ
ת첽ȥľ⵽£ŴߵˮȻΪԾӣȴŭڻʬڱ֮УĽ֣Ȥɡ

֮УҶС컹֪ͷľȻϬҲ˽վһս
һǳһŵذˮһԵܰͷꣿźã㲻˵йô޷ʹùǲſԼ
ңͻȻ𵽳䲻֮ЧڻƷѾץ븮ûôĻˣʱ׵֡һľץ׶ܣ൳һɢɳͲΪˣ
ʷ˻ʷ˻
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֪ݣȵٴʷãл
һδˣ̣һ죬ŵô˸£ǲǹ֮У֮£Ȼڻģ
һڴϻصҶСһˮ̤Ź߽һһӡ


43 ԵܶԱ
֪ļµĸоȻ˵ûģвĸоŨʱٿҶС⸱ģ֪飬ֻӲͷƤʵʷ˻ԩ
ҶС칰ֵԩߣɽƷɣ
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ҶСһȥֹͣˣҺľԵǹǹؽа壬ⷶһˣҵҶСһһصƷɵȷҲˣԩҲߣ
֪ګګصֻǲ֪Ʒ״ˣ
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֪Ǹţ֪ҶСҪ⣬ӲͷƤƤЩһҲȥӻҶС콫һֻ֪÷Ը˰ã
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դΧ۵Ⱥʱһɧмľɱ֣ɱҼʮˣҽгԹʱٸңֱЮԹܸ棡ܸ棡
ҶСһ࣬ͶأʱȻһָǸǸãŴүʰȥÿشʮ壡
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Թ˰ľʷȻĺ
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ӦðƷɲӦʵʵ˵ô֡ѾˣֻҪʵʵ˵ǰ츴ʺͿҲǣүͷϣ븮ѳŻƤҲүѣôͱˣ
һ븮̲ס˵ѣڳΪεʱ־Ϊ֡˺ö˶˵ģΪμ֮ŽѰ𣿡
ƷɴΪҼˮﱰɵɺҩʱҲɺҩŻûԺ㵽˲棬ɱҵʱȴ֫ˣ
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Ʒɱ˺ȻǲĨɱĸʵȻƷĿף¹ΪӦϰ֮Է֮ôˣһй©Ϣ֣룡
翴ҶС죬ͻȻ֮ȫˣʲôƷɻԩҶС쵼ݵһϷҶСľ֮Ѿͼذֵʱ̣λ̫үݵĲǸ֤˵Ľɫ񵱳ƴϵ޴࣬ⳡսսġ
˻ȥͷĬΣڰ֣ȥɣ
ҶСĴṴ繰֣һһ⣬˵żʱҶСȻһ˦ת˴á
⣬ͥԺУ£֪ʱӦٶĲ졢׳ѾվԺӣˮؽϣһֱվţһ
ҶС¾ؿǣƬ̣Ȼ߳ȥߵУվһ̼ҶСͱ͸ˣۡ
ҶС죬ˮջš˶ҶС죬׮ƵǶˣڿҶСһ̣۾ͻȻͷų˻
ҶСľвۣ飬ٰ֪亦Ϊң񣿡
û˻شֻ費ͣЪµʿ̼Ҳס˺ĬĬšҶСΪľˡǮвֶΣǣСѵɣǸѵ𣿡
ҶСָеĲ졢׳ǣǴų͢ǹٲʷ˱³ΪӥȮצ֮ˣƺǲǣΪִߣӥȮצĺݾûУǲĪĳ裡
˭ľΨǲԣںǿǰ˳ֻС򣬳ָ͢ʲôջָʲô󹫵󹫵
ҶСĨһϵˮһ˦ӡӡеӣƾʲô϶ǷȱľǵǰԵ
ʲôǰԵҪշȥҲҪշȥóǵĺݾľˣ͵ñԵŻԵֻСãں죿ЦһƬƣܻɢȥҲһֱ£
ҶС˵ȻֹҶС쾪òܳ漣ˣѵү˽ӣϾͷԾˣꡭֻͷͣסˣǰĲ֮С


44 ҪԵ
ҶСһ޴࣬Ȼôˣ
΢ЦΪܴ󣡡
ҶСϰԾԵ˼ά⻰Ǻεط˸۶󲻴ʲôϵ
˹صΪܴû⡣Ϊû⣬ҺСΪҺУ硣
ҶСطס˶ͷúһսǰԱƺ⺻ˡ޴˵ټϴģӦûҶС챧һϣ̧ͷͼ޴ͻȻ߬𲧴ȭͷҪԵҪԵҪԵ
ҶС췽һϯɿѪڵĲ졢ͱһ޴һ仰ҵйڣе۸ߺҪԵҪԵҪԵ
ҶСûһӣȵ
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һ⸱ƣɱԽǸ㷴Ӧ֮ʣôȥԸү˭۸ߺʷѹƣŭԹʹ·ҵ·ǡ
ҪԵշȥҪԵշȥ
ֲʶĲ졢ǱҶСһϯ̼۾ˣ˵ģֻ򵥵Ĵʻйǵŭ𣬼ǵĶ־ǾһȺŭĹţһߺſںţһߺ¡¡ؿ˹ȥ
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һȺˣ˷ֱܵеĲǰȻ޻֮䣬ǸֱӱԹײڵأ˴ܹȥˣΪ࿸žɡôշȥʹǶλôܵҪһɱּʱҪΪʷϵһڴɱˡ
졢ǳνĿȺһʧصĻ𳵣¡¡ؿ븮ɢĿ˳СƵӻ븮ѶȥˣľһʧɫĸҲûµؾôˣѸõǹꪵģӻ
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ĶͳͳᵽԺ˵Ϊ˷ֹ䣬ȻҲ˳ȥϵ߶һƬƬƿˣҲľȸⳡ꣬ⱻ˸ͨ͸κΡ۹ϴˢһˡ
븮ܼû뵽λʷȻó⣬һԱܸɵó¶
ҶСôҲǺɵصΪ˳Ϊ˽һ߽ľľʿΪľ͸ġ޴˸ؽľ
ҶСϵľߣû븮ץľľ»ֻǸӷץǾֻ޹ܲĸۡץϵˣǶԼʿһصĴ
ҶСһؽϵˣçײ񣬿ÿһжͼһ̫ıݣھһԹһҧ㣬ҲҪҧһצۣù
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ҶС˷ӵϯȥʱ븮һƬǽ塣
ˮҲ˳з˴ļ͡ѾüȥĻԺ˶ʱֽŲɾķѭ챾Ÿľһֶ£ұ࿪һĵԭͳͳͷˡ
Ѻǲ֮ҲľӵСľɱ˵ˣС˴ţѭҲðǴȥţѭ뵽ˣֱݡ϶
һҲݣװ֣΢΢е㷢ˮݸˡڱͱȽֵԲֻϡ
˱ˮ֮븮ԺȥʹľľʱͿҩ˵ʲôʲôˣֻżϵУʱڻͷϣûǻԺ˵꣬Ͳͷػ˻֣ʾ졣
ľֻǻԺ˵ǸҪԼʱȴ֪ѾԼ¹ֱգҶСĸ˲ŵؼա
ܵʱѾСЩ˲һţŶվһ˼̽棬϶ӵصܡݹܡˣ̫Σˣǻǻؾݰɡ
ݱصذɣҲˣǮûˣؾΣǡؾҲҪǮ
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ܾеаˣӦŲ˼ſڣ϶סͻȻø첲ʹջصɹȥһƣȴ϶ָԶſڽࡣ
ʱҶСŴתãҶСûע⵽վ±ˣ϶ȴڶǰͷҶС죬˳϶ĿȥʱҲֱˡ


45 ˺
մ꣬ǩѺһֱ£ҶС뿪ó븮ʱѶͻȻ£صǾҹ٣򿪴ӣȼ̴㣬֣꣬٣ưô굯һסʮ
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˫΢΢һ̧һѹסңʱʧֻл͸롣Цô
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˫һ̧һɢƮĻԣȥɣ

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ҶСһ˸ϻã̤űһǵˮ̤˶С
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ѭ˿ְͣѵסĳǣľ߲ġ
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ľӦҲһ϶ںؿһ죬ɵļȻǼ˵Ĺһ׼뿪ôһĴ©Ƴǻףһסġ
ѭƴȻ࣬صô˵еɣ
ѭҡͷǣֻǾã˵ȻҲˣΪѵã
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ҶСԣȫ΢΢عǣһ˿صЦ⣬ѭ쿴Цݣ֪һڴʲôˡ

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±ͦã˵±ԭϰʷʮǰսңǧʲôҪֻһ洫±ӵ˺롣ϰ±±ζǲһССȴһֱá
ſֻѾѬ˻ҺɫϰСԱ߻мʣδʱڣֻʳͣݡ϶Χ黨Сӱϣɫ͡
ǧǶ±棬Ű߹Ĵָĺָ׾ͽ±ǰһţǧǲмؿһۣתߡ
ζ˶ʱһֱӣ϶ƹģø룬˫ӡ
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ȵ˶ʳȻûԱȴҲ˵㾫ſʼ顣϶ˣҿģǸ˿϶
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һѹ£ǿǴˣ˼ҽа㣬Ǳصʷ˲ͬһˣ⻹Ǹ١ƾ޾ݵģôбţ
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ݿǣȻôˣѵǾô뿪ɣһøǲҪҵǸˣ
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˶СҶСʱ±ԺƤƤë޹ǣζŵĵͰľҲɫʲô
˭뵽õүȻֵطм˻ǵľܳ;ʱһйӡԺȻݼⲢζűҪʱٹص
˵֮ľҧҿҼ磬Сӵ治ֶΣȻƷһҧֳұץסٱһݿڹǰٿĪˡ
˵ǱĳǶ֣ƺΪ˷ֹүǡȴ֪ΪΣǸʷͻȻȡ˳ǽĳǳͨˣΪбΡ
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ľü˼ΣʼͷԽ벻ͨԽǲУڷ׻֮ǰұ뿪سǡ
վүߣϰţ
ľҡͷȫǣһʱҲѲգɫ˵ҪߣҲҪ֮뿪
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ƴϼǩѺ˶˳ȥ΢֣ҶС칰ֵ֪кηԸ


46 ʮ
ƴҶСĻһɫҲһ䡣ҶС춢ƴϵع۲ÿһ˿ϸ΢ı仯ҪȷƴϿΪȥ£ƴһ˿Ըֻ취
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ҶС쿴óⷬȷǷԷθȻһЦֵ

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ҶСľӶĴľǽȵ׵ʱһȨѹƴӶϵ۹ѸٱҶСΪ֯һɱƵ֮󣬺·ε·Ⱥס
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ľǰĵǶԵģҶСųĳǵѲȴಶ컻ϱװ߮سΧ֪ľһкܶ취ɴͽ޹ĶأΪѲ֮ߡ
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ϣͷҵũſȣųͷ¢Ĳݡһɫڣճɵ꣬װҶС졣ƴϺѭ죬Ҳũ磬ҶСһһӣѰ侰
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ɽҶС˫֣ʩʩȻ߳߹ƴϡƷɽ֮ʮ嵶죬ǺѹѹһƬǹٶܵ׳ǰ·Ѿ


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Ѳ˾ɽ߾ïܵɽֻ֣ҪɽȥҶС˺սʧȥãߵĻа˳ɣľҲ˲ּۻˣæͷɣֻҪҹȥҴӴ޹ϸ𣡡
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ԶԶģѭһԯŴ򿪣ɲȻŭѲڸʲôôԯſˡ
ۿľҪˣҶС췴˽Ų¶ɵЦ⣬ܰɣܶ죡
ѭֵؿҶСһۣϵЦݣͻȻʲôҲٶȡ
ľشǽϵѲ˾դǽߣŤͷһǸոճԯţɹЦƿդţܵĴгȥ

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һζĸѲ˾ıδ󺺣һﻹӣǰ׽СƵİľĨ˫£˸ʵʵ
ǸʲôſңѲߵģſҡ
ľ֫ŵصıĸѲ˾ľҲ˲Ѿмʮ컢ΧߣһմӼ¥СҶĿСҶʳԣΪʲôץһ
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48 粨
ӻ̡Ѿ͸ڲһ䣬ϱɷ֡ӻ̡Ǵʦѧ͹дģû
Ȼԣ޴ҲǮ˵ķǣһӻ֣ô˵¶ɸɲѹ֣һӻҲҪ֣
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˿̣ӻ̨̹Ƶķ°ͣ͹̨һüĿ顣
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ҶС΢΢۾ķףûмǰߣһǸһͣԼ̫һˣʱ˭ԩȥװ¶ҶСŲɡ
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ҶС֪ˮǹݵķˮأＸȫۼǶ㲻סҲҪԵؽһۡʱʱȥСסһǹȨ̨ÿһеλĵط
ҶСһˮЩͷʹŤͷƴϣƴɫصصˣǹݵһʦЩ˽˽ҲؽƸ˳ġоݣιͬŶʵﻹŹٳ͡
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49 ޷ұ
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޴صҴ粻ģ
·ϣľڳʼشЦǴ̶ЦҶС̾˿ŤͷƴϣƴĬĬص˵ͷȻ뿪˶顭

ѺľĶ黹ûسǣиϻ֪رѶˣ֪ѶϲһµĹۣ˽͡˰δʹȸ·Ա
ȵĽƲѣȻ۴Ӳƹ˵һǷڴϵһĻһ⻰ʱɫ䡣
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ҶСתѭүûǺլǺլҵ̽ˡ
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ҶСЦЦȻˣǾȥү

СҶܰͷѺľߣܰͷСҶصǴүڹģءľٶӳɣ
СҶҲɫȴοģʷô׷ˣ
ܰͷͷвȻֳϣǰοСҶʼɫء
Ǹϵεʱ򣬷׺ؾȻҲǵס棬ǽľ֣ү԰꣬գĳȥ
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ԹضСҶһۣȻЦЦ߽ηȻĵ߽ĸۡ
η治֪ʱΪˣ˼η߼ˣһȺ˵˲пڣֻԩ˵ֻ˼СһƨɣǸ˵ֻھΪӴܶһܣľսȥͱͷͣüͷ
ŵһηǿտ࣬ΪֻˣһϥڽͷΪͷɢģҲϲ˭һ˿ĶԽǴ˫㲣ƺЩ־ģ
ľһˣʧΨ
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˵ľͻȻֹǽ뿪̧֮ͷ˫ְɢڶͷͷҷ˷֣¶һףһһꡣ
ľͫȻһʧеƷɣ
ƷɭȻһЦһһԾȥ


50 
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ߺȻѭߺȲĻ֪Դ󾪣ϽһǬŲơѸϣһϣ۾⸱ӣмȾЦЩˡ
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ҶСѭ˷䣬ƹתңէһ齱ߣҶСϸ㳤Ҿأˡ
ſʷ˲ؾѭ죬ʷȥûС
˵뿪ˣûߣǰŸһȥƵŽĲص˴ʺ档
ҶСߵ齱ߣ۾ŲˣһЩѭһҶС£ҶС쿴Żʹӣһˡ
šߡʷӴͷʹӴ
ҶС¹ٸհľץ˲ˡ¹˰ľؽΣ˺Щ󲻳١
֪һҶСûеһʯ˵أæҪ١ô˽ϹأľһĿЩΪá
ѭװģ⸱ԣͷᣬƲƲ죬а룺װװɣ˼ĴӦ˷϶ֵòزˡ
ҶСæס֪أȣҲһʱ
ҶС֪ζЦЦһ˫صصүúذ
ʺ棬ҶС䰵Ļߺǰˣǡǲһ˵ֲζأ
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۾ͻ˳ŵأǽˣ˵ǽˣ
ͷͷһȻģǰˡ
ǳ鴤˼£ͻȻǽˣǽˣ㡭ǡ
ͻȻһʱðǣתĸо
ͷصǰүηŰְѾүˣ󲦿ү˵ϲšϲţְֻøš
һһӻ˹ȥ

ľةУطƷݵϢһٶѹֵĺؾͷˣȫذպƵĻŵƽʣԷ֯ʨ߱ݡ
ϢЦðںعȻˣôʵһϷȥͭʣϧˡ
վЦصװҲ߰ɣȥͭʰһүӡ⣬йʷ鱨̫֪˼ҵ˼
ٴϤľҲǷЦЦ泩ֻǴЦ֮ͻȻЩȻĬãһ̾ϧϧˣϧٲôģ˴;
ٴ˶٣ҡҡͷʧһЦⲻҸÿǵ£ͷôԸҾôɡ
̾ϢһվҪٲߣȻվסϸ룬͵һĶͷѽˣԣ࿪һ˰ɣҲ⺢Ӿ⺢ӡ


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01 
븮ܲ˿޳˶ЩһŮȻһ㱯ˣȴҲֱ֮ɫǸƼһˣ뿪ôָأ
شһ״Ӳͷ߳ؿ˿ߣ԰ο˵ķ׼״æϳʦȥĶ
վסŲصȻǻˮ
ȻҴ¶ʦˣ
ĵһתৡһסȱ׵ľҲûüֵĳίǵģбҪ
־ŭҴǱǸʹƺʦͲŲˣ
صص֮죬ĳҲȥͱûкôһƽͷգĳҲȥǣ
׹˹֣Сﳤȥ׿ıӰûˮ׷ʵص£үˣҿôţ
ҧ˷ģͬ㣬һģ
׵ͷ˼һһţˣ׼һؽ𡣡
ĨĨᣬص룿
׵ҹһһﺷˣȥ٣ָųơһѷ䡯ҵǣǳְǹٸɵֻҪǹһؾͻҵ£
شڴϣ·õʱվסŲ˼ſڳʱԱЦⲻǴʦôôϣ֪ͷôߣٴȥ
תһǡÿҶСԡȻȼӵ·ϹƤЦⲻЦصʷֶΣ
ҶСʦ
صһĳܽˣȻԽСĵطԽûأԽСԽ
ҶСȻĪʦˣɫǴˮˣ
ز㳲գЦصľĳڴ˵Ѿû塣ĳҪˮлȥˮĻһҪ֪ĳһĳˡúÿģ
ҶСҲЦ棬еصðĳ⼸ʵ̫æˣϾʱһӷ磬úÿһλˮĹͣȴˡʦлԵأҲʦһҪ֪ᰬĳһĳҲ¡ؽӴġ
˵ǣ
ҶСЦŹ֣תߣתȥɫһƬࡣҶСЦؿԶȥ󣬶ѭƴϵӦûʲôˣҲúЪЪɡ
ƴʵȥ
ҶСһۣȥúլá
ƴû˵ֻһҾҶСȥƴֱҶСıӰһֱʧſڣͻȻ˵հͷãҶСˡô
ѭѿڵȻ
ƴƮһ˿裬صǣүҪСʲôأ
ѭ׽ƴϵ仰ģҲĬˡ

ҶСҪȥլȴô̫үһ˵סӲһֱ߹ȥ˾ͷŶȥǺլ֮ūӵǴ
ˮң԰ˣ޶һһԽζسţȻ̧ͷӣȻ󷢳һӤУһгϲõζ
޶ӾǰСϴȥô˶ӣܶã޴Ƿֺ㱼ܵӢеһƴ
Ҷ磡
ˮѭתͷһۿҶССһĪľϲͻȻӿȫ
ҶСЩȷæټˣ֪žģһֱûլˮƽʱҲôһӼˣŷ˼Ѳ֪Ĺʵ㣬ϡ
ˮ軹ûܹȥ޶ѾŻ˵ҶСߣҶСͻȻҲһ˹ȥȻ󡭡ЦҪǰˮңңĿɿڴؿҶСѸ޶ײ˸ͷ
޶׻СҶСĶ֣ƤģõıײˡҶСѸײڵأȻë¿ƵΧŸ޶ȦҪƤȥ
ˮŷӦϽǰסңңСƵľͣǰѸ޷С绵һ۸޶
ҶСЦּһϴһҾͶһͷλʩʼֻΪǿˡ
޶ձҶСײʱЩɣʱ׹ͻȻܻϲһ̡һˤ˵ϣˮңһΪײˡ
Ժ󣬾ֻơ顱ԲĶƤӣǺϣҶСļµġˮЦԷǣȵѽһһСȫûΣ
ˮ˵꣬ҶС죬ţҸ˺裬ˮá
ˮҶСݣæȡ豭Ϊ裬Ҷ磬ôôöǣ
ҶСˣⲻæÿʵǹ˲ϡ
ҶС˵ţתۿϷżСӣ˳һ˰죬ü³ô˭˻Ѻ˷
ˮ˲裬Ҫ˵ǰһ˺˽˰죬ʱ󾽣Թģϱ߿ĿˮһʱˮࡣҶСһɫ׹Ͻת޶ʵ˵ǲ㣡
޶۰Ͱ͵ضվߣȻΥ˺ϲҶСüĿӣ޵һ˫èۣ޹ؿȫΪʲôе㲻ˡ
ңңСƵľͣСϲ۸޶
ҶСЦУǸ۸۸㡣
Ҫ
ңңŸҪߣѱҶСһ죬סС֫ԼЩ°ϲȥңңֱЦˮû˺ߡ
ҶСңңЦһŸ޶ȥԺˣֻʣˮҶСѹˮ⼸ҾͰţ취뿪ء
ˮϲеʱųѿڵģ
ҶСζصôǸС磿
ˮ΢ûУ˼ֻˡ
ҶСչյӦõģҲҵһҵ˺ĸ
ˮɵذһۣܾòԷˣʱˣ֪ôȴһرеĸо
ҶСЦЦҲر׼ʲôñ˿ҲҪңңС£ɱ˵©죬ֻͺã׼ͻᰲŽ뿪
ˮϲص˵ͷ뵽ܼܿĸ˫ףʱ˵Ļϲ
ľĽֵܣ˶ǼεģԺɵΪ׼һʻƽ𣬷׽ԪһȻ뿪سǣ̤çç֡
˵ˡһѷ䡱£ȴû;ҵǣ㳭С·ϵͭʣһĺѳѰҡһѷ䡱һѷ䡱죬ûǲҽӵİӣֻҪ뵽ǣǸʷ
뵽ҶСҵ³̲סЦЦոУоͻȻɳһ֦ʸʸ룬ѪܵļԺðһûԣԵ֮С


02 Ĵ
ЩӣҶСѺõ׶͸Ҳƴϡѭ졢СҶЩǲᷴ뿪ģȻʱ֪ةȻ˶ɱڵ⣬ҪһЩ
ҶСȻڰ뿪Ĵ㣬ɲɫΪпڰжĶĿæ͵еȥһ˴ӻ̣ͬλֵܼ档
ҶСߵʮִֵʱ򣬴еſڹ̨ϣͬ˵ǡɾ椹졣ܰһ˶ûУֻһһڳ
椹ʵҲֻݣ˵أӽͺݹģôƹء˽̸úǢûԼȱ赭д
ҶС߽ӻ̣㵵ؿǰδļɵӻӣһʱ˵Щûˣû뵽ĺܼܰңࡱӻ̾ȻŪ⾰һϵεĹŶ궼Ҫ£ǧӡֻǴסġ
椷ڹ̨ϣĿ࣬ȫûע⵽ˡ
ǰ㵹ţء±Ӱɣ˴һ䣬°룬ӵһתͻȻܸȤʵɶ𣿡
û˼Ҫ±ӣֻѼŴ󽭴ӣα£
۷Ź⣬ۣ
ʵأɶ
룬²صֻÿีģˣ
Ц¶û˼
椵û˼Ҳǲ֪Ҽھֻÿ첻ͿʼУ˼ҿϲ˯ġ
Բ°̵ͣϲϲ˯أҿǺϲ˯ģ˯
ȣ
ҶСһŮûûĶԻ
磡ϡͰԴɣûأƤ񣬿ҶСŹӭ椲˼ˣԴģˡ
ãп
˸ҶСĴʱ־µؿһۣŽż߹ߣ͵͵ͷһ̵ߵˡ
һߣҶСüͷšһʵôûˣ
аһûˣ˶Щÿ춼˹ء

ҶС쿴⸻ûʡºµġӻ̡˳ִӻϳһӣˢһ´򿪣Ƿܶص棬˵ӻһͺˣôµֵʮİɣô
磬Ӷһء
ҶСһϽӣϹϾطŻػܣһӣ࣬ǿ˻Ǳ˿ˣ
Ц۵ȻûôǶʮһѽģǶ孷ɣӣϱͿ췽ϣӼ۵ȻҪһЩ
ҶСкΡȻԴ࿪걾ͲϣҲû뵽ྐྵȻѵ꿪⸱ģҶСʵЩǧǴסɣ
ǵȻ˲ٻأ
ҶС˼ҿ޸㣿
մմϲصǲϵģһҵǺˣͿˡ
ҶСص쵽һ֮˰ɣʱġ
ЦҾҲǡߺߣܾҲУʱһ׬ôӣַ˲Ź֡
ҶС͵صɴ۾Ȼ׬Ǯˣ
ȻصǵȻҴǰſʼнʵģΪֹҪӯһǧ˰ɡ
ҶС۾ɵöˣǰſʼ׬Ǯ׬һǧİ
Ҫ˼ҿźŸǮҲ˼ǲ
ҶС죺

ɶ
ӡ
ͭģͦƯ
˭˵ͭģǽġ
ģýӴӣ㡭
磬Ǯ˵㲻
˵ҵȷԶ
ӻζҶС⾭ֱĵ棿ҪܶǮ磬ҵֻǧҰСƴһ󣬵ҷֱֱһĵ̼Ǯɲࡣ˵ôĵ̿ϳ۵Ҳǿ󰡡
ҶС΢΢۾·ʶƵĶǰӣԣ͹ҪӻԱ߿ӻ̣
ꡭ
޴Ͻ¿šָʱ˼һûϲҪȻôҲǼġ
ҶС˿һʼ뿪һġӻ̡
޴̯˫֣εصȻôأѵ濪һСӻ̣׬ʲôǮţһ׬Ǯûһµ㻨Ǯࡣǿջ¥˹ݡĹݣȫ˿ˣ׬ǮĵȻ·ʱľû취׬·ֵ̼ǮǾֻ׬ǵǮˡ
ҶСص⣡ǿֲҵΪ׬·ֵ̼Ǯ׬ǮôأͿôһרŹظ˹˵ġӻӡ׬ǵǮ
ֵֵⲻɣ
ҶС°ͣصǰ˵һ£˵ɽ﷢˽ӣԽͶܵɽȥԽ𡣿Խ಻˵ΣգδԵӡ
ʱһˣɽ¿˸ӣרԽˣԽ˲ûзƣӻӵķ˴ơ˶ĿͶڻƳγεĽʱƫƫסЩ˵Ŀڴడһƴ
࿪ĵȷһҡӻ̡Ϊר˿ҲרҶר鱦ʲôⲻǡӻ̡ʲôȻֻϡصĶġӻ̡ǿͨ˵ģר˶ݳƷģҲͳ˱Ȼѹô壬ԭɵ겻ţųһֻһ⣬Ҳȱ˿ظһ׬Ķࡣ
ҲѧҶСӣ°ͣû£뷨Һһȡ
ҶСҡҡͷЩصâ¶Ǳ£ɴأǲǾ硣డôı£ƽʱޣ޵ʹļף
һãȻ磬ôˣ
ҶСƽʱôŵ
ҾİȻҸôѵǸ꣬һӲװһϳɵģƽʱʲôҲûϵֲɵӣ⻹𣿡
ҶСЦƽʱǰ֣Ū˶Ϊ㡭ҲôġΪģҲΪԭ𣿡
ͻȻĬҶСص£
ص̨ڹ̨ſ£˫°ͣһʱϱΣžһֻ΢ЦķʷʵļӷèûЦ鷴ЩįҵǰҵȷЩװģʵҲװģֻ˵ƹˤɡ
ҶСš̾˿ѹص磬˵ҵʱѲģҡ̫ˡ
仰ЩЦҶСЦ˵ʱԣϣҳҵһϣҶ١ǣҵСͲҶ飬Ŭġ
Ŵ౯˵ģҶСȻЩᡣ
̾˿Ĳǿϰùܿ̿࣬ҶǲɣҵʧҼȥһʧûбİ취ֻѧѧҵģҲͲΪҵѧҵѾĻҲ쿴ʧ
ÿĸĶϣΪӰźһУһԼָĵ·ߣƺͻõҸ˭֪ǵĺǲϲΪѡ·أܲ·ȥأ
̫ϣ˳صѹĸ쾾ѹڴҲɽظҶСȻûйǿ౯˵ȴܹóܹĥԼҲϲڶ·ȥٴȻģԸӽҪܵĥڻҪذٱ
ҶС쾲ؿãȻ΢ЦʮУг״Ԫô˵Ѿ֤о̵ݣ㲻Ƿ˱ţֻڶϣھϣῪĵġ
ţ
С۾ʱųأˣҵͻʣڿĵ϶˯ž͵ҵһϲ
ҶСαٵ죬Ȼǰβھ͸Ŀģ
ൽǸˣо̵֣׬Ǯһ׶˼·е㻬ҶСһĶʱͰ಻סˣھȥҵ
ҶСھȥȥ
ã
²
ҶСɵꡭ
ûϵ¡㲻õ⣬ЩǮԽԽԽ򲻵Խֵ۴ȣҪȴţһģ
ҶСҡͷЦɣⷽҿûףġ
൱¾ͰһЩƷȫװص䣬̶ڵϵĴǮ˵ţ߸˻ؼȥ
ϰԵرֱһµΣҶСЩǸش޵ķнû໹Ǵ࣬Ǹŵжꡣ


03 Ʒ
ҶСʹ˵ű޼Ҹϣûߵ޼ңԱͻȻһҰɮҰɮ꣬ͷֻа糤ͷϴһϮɮۣһ˫âЬòʮ׶
ҰҲ֪ΪɫҴңǡײҰдãǾƳһۣŭҰУ棬ҲԳƳˣ
Ұкȵͨ죬ؿŴ࣬ŭү·ⲻ۵Ķ˷үĵ㻹ҿڳѷд򡣡
Ȼɴ۾ϳҰɮˣҰпɲϻ׻ԵǸôҪ˵Ұǰؾһȭ񣬵ʹǴŭ֣֮˱˴
ҶСȻǰȰ䣬£ϲûˣҰдһȭҶСŭȥʹһȺŹҰС
òɿҶСȻԶƺ˹һͼһͭǮԱ۵ˣĴݣ˱Цһ飬üĿģǺˡ
ҶСһºٴǺٴỵ̂ɮϹϾһд֣һú˿ƶӲ˳۵ģݺݽѵ
ҶСϽе࣬ˣ
𣬴ʱסҰеĲӣȭͻͺͷҶСĻܣһҪúýѵѵɹƭļͺ¿
Ұзһ˴֣һǳڱ㵷ڴıϣࡰӴһʱѪűӰȥҰвģ׷ȥһȭߡ
ʱѾߵǰ˴ܣɴһæеӷ֣
ʱǡҰ˴֣һȭıϣôĺˣҰСѽһһݣ˫ſ·һֻӥãϥڰоݺݿԴ
ȥģ
һĴշһֻţҰӥȥûŴֻʼͱֻУתɳȥ˼°ӣͷתû
ɷȥǾߣҶӣҶӣ̸ܣõҶӶҴҶӣӷҷȱӴ趼ʶ㡣
Ұбٴһ·ȴ֮ĹùǺȴֱٴסĵغᣬҶСվһԶôˣ⸸ǼƷ
ߴߵģҰдſڵһϢŷ߷Ȼסţ첱Ӵֵ߻ŴܹеضԴ࣬û°ɣ
಻֪ʱѾͳֽס˱ǿףҶС첢վһߣĿɿڴؿʱһʻϽҡҡͷӦû£ǳˡ
˶ݺݵصöᡣû°ɣ
ʹ˦˦ҶСһǰֵ׳ʿϲ
˴󾪵ϲӺ
ҶСЦеת޴࣬࣬˵˵
ʱ˫ֶһֻżڵϻȦȦߴص˼ô˼Ǵ˵ɡ
˸ոˢһ¾Ͱˣɲصడִʲô


ĺܴ̼ˣڴϾôЦһֱЦؼڿﻹЦͣ޴ൣǵؿҶССǰЩеǸʲôЦᴫȾҵ˰ɣ
˿ļˣСʱͰմյԸһ˼öӵɣ࣬ŵڣʵڲٴı׼һٽ͵ٵˡ
⼸ΨһĲǶôãһԼ˿ô죬һļҵҲΪذܰ
˵Լţլû˸ˣôججģǱ˺ƭҲҲܵϦ֮仯ΪУʱӿô
û뵽ӾȻо̵֣ٴӵСӯ࣬ʵеĵǱ̫࣬ôԼ֮󣬸µҲƣôҲܳŵȥһ죬ȴ롭
ӳϢˣٴôܲˣЦЦţȻŵӣһʱ䱯ϲֱʱ£ȴЦһ´޴ˡ
ٴֿЦĹ˺ðΣƽϢοؿŶӣǴĵ£ϲ°Ҫ磬ʷ㣬úһ¡డ˵ʲô
š
ҧָͷ룬ͻȻ˷ܵص𻨸⣡
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ҶС죺
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ٴǷſػɣȵúò졣
ҶСǳ㣬δ꣬ɺٴˣҲȵƣκδֻһڣѺ֮ר־ضԸĹ𻨸ˡ
ֶһ̹𻨸޴̻ʵģȰү㲻üҪϲԣǡ
޴ຬصһӻֻÿϲܳԵʳĹ𻨸⣬ǲˡ
ٴȰؿ˶һۣһƱ΢Ц˶ǡ
ҶСȻһ£ɫͦãʵ๫ûΪɣ
ɫһ漴飬ҶС츣һûл첮ѾūҺˡ
Ŷ
ҶСüһϲ
˶ʱһ㶣Դ͸ģڴӦ첮ĺ֮󣬵˵µĪԿοһʼ˶䶼ˣľοĻȴû뵽ҶС쾹㷴Ӧ
ҶС˵룬Ӵٲ裬ΪһϲŮһҪľѡһɷ򣬼ڵڶͶ̥зˣòѰһʵķҲѣվãٱ첮뷽跨ʱǸң˵úãʱҪϲ㰡
ҶСۣⷬ˰ﲻ֪ģȻͳԭȻʣҶС츣ٰݣлʷүȰūéٿˣ
Ź𻨸⺬ʵˣ˺֮󣬿Ǳǻ˸ϳ˼ţ
ѾʣȻɫˣֻƽشӣ첮ūˡ°¶Ժ޲ӣѧҲǸڱʵڴȥˣ˼ϸȥˮˡ
ҶС룺ǵʦ˷޹Ǳҵˣ첮ԩҲȥˮˮҵԩҼеˣҺҲȥˮαӡС˼üһãҿеʣ
ҶСȻ뵽һߣˮȥ֮ء


04 Ҳ
ةУɱ٣ԽԭȻΪ̫ǽˣƵû֪ص赹
ºȥβ鿴ǽȷʵ̫Щݶ첻̫䣬ԼשʯķҲ񱱷ǽںأֵطøӹ̵ģǡûǮ
֪ʹ˼ʹȽ곯͢ӣҲüһֳһ´ΣҲܳôƵˡԺˣµ»Ҫ
±͢Ŀи۵ˣةʱǴ֮ɱǱطѹȺİգɱ¼ټة˿̵ݣԶһصʷոոα㱻ǿӺأڹ֪Ҳűˡ
һȴģ¾ҶСˡҶСǼٵʷةԭļƻҪһʱϢذɵû뵽ҶС̫ڣةûɵͳʦδˡ
¸ˣ粨Ϣ밴ԭƻ£Ҳٵһʱ䣬ǻ֪صȲΪոսӵϢѾд·ֱˡ
˵ʷ·գҶδ˻ѣʱ󾪡ȻʱԶźܲǰʷĵܻܵԸ̽ҴһЩѻļ
ǻ֪ؿȨϣҶС⵹ةɵľȻƲһЩã·һ⣬ͷȴҶСˡ
ԭةյ˾һ飬ˮò롢岻ҶСΨǴӣҲûȥʱҶСɵмܽة͡ʷȨա
ǣ֪ټμĸ١٣ξֵ⡣֪ϣֱһλãֻмһˣѧƵةλÿţʷλҲš
籾ѧ͹衢ѵţѲСҶة˰δʹزִʹȲӹȫǶһĬʮѹ֡
ЩЩѾҶС˺Ľ飬Ȼ붯ɱģѲ졣ǰҶСЩӵΪȫͣԲ̰ѧĹ˽ͺͻѵ
˾ǸпˣǵǣʱҶСʧ᲻ĺôҪ뻨֪صЩǲðɱ˵Ľ顣
֪ں꣬ϵةɽͷľ̫꣬ɽв䲻ʱŪͷöųһϵظͻȻȥˣʱ˴롣
ۼ˶Ĭһ򲻸ةĻ֪ؾȻһϵؿҵļ·ϣܿͻֻһϴ˭ҲӸϵ֮Ǿ£ΪΣ
ﲻԸҶС뵽ʷļˣҲѣ΢΢üȴû˵СҶ಻סˣڵˣҶСð棬Ψ⡣¹پҲвףҶСһҪɱ𣿲ȥ԰ʷزζ¸ϵشҶСѵǸһؽ𡭡
֪ص۾Ѳ죬ܱ֤Աܣεʱǻ¶ܵġʱҲǻ¶ܵġƼѣ˵ԴΪЮȡֺôֹЪ
˽͵ˣĳ۴Ϊˡ
֪仰ɵ̾Ϣˣǻİ
һ˽Ҳ޻˵ˡ

ѭںլʱţʱʱƳˮɽУʱվ·һӡ
Žʳ׽ˮŪ׷Ծ𣬽ˮõֹ΢Ц֣ؿĵܵһۣȤ˼ˮˣǾȥ£û㡣
ѭŲǡ
Ц΢Ϊʲô£鷳ˣ
ѭҽѭ浸صģʲô鷳
ŵǣ
ѭ췳յذڰ֣£Ů˲׵ġ
ѭ˵һŤͷˣʧЦҡҡͷ
ѭ˺լƹ֪µãոչ˶ſڣͼƴϸ˻Ƶһһ⡣
£֪˲ַڣôҲ֣ѭƴ϶֪ˣǱȥҶСˣԵǡ
ѭƴǰվסƴϸ˫ֱ֣ǰһӣʶƹǰ⣬߲ת⣬ѭǰʶһƣȥ
ѭ̾˿䡣
ƴϳţѭ첻òɤٻ䣡
ƴ񣬻ͷѭ죬ɫֿ
ѭҽ򡭡ټζԸ
ƴϵ֪
ѭ쿴ƴһۣ䣬ѭûˣǷةôյˣľôŵĻɫ⵹ˣ󷴱֡֡
ѭҧҧȴС˼Ҳģ
ƴϵ۾Ҫǰ֪
ѭֳʹɫǣҽ򰡡
ƴϵǸҲˣѵб¶Ը򣿡
ƴȭཻҧгݰΣߣȥ
˴Ҵ߳ãȥҶСסչһ֣ûӣͼҶСԶҶС츰޸֮磬ϻοĺٴ𣬱˷ȥЪϢˣҶС޴˵һۼɫ磬ǣԼס
Դľɱ֮ɢҶС˼ռûʲôգƽʱҲͲҪܰͷ˸ˣϲڣǱ˶ŵĸоܡ
ʱҶС΢⣬ͷϵ˶ϹϾʩҶСҲ΢Цףһ·Ϊ⡣
ѭƴϼҶС죬Ͽ첽ӭȥһһҽЮסѭˣһ˵
ҶСɫ죬Щ֣Ҳʣ˳ӵظǹսһϡٵĺͬѭƴһһذ龭˵һ顣
ҶС˶ʱסЩԱĺڣȴû뵽ǵôڣôҲˮʦصǾ仰˵еԽ߻ʵԶĵطԱԽԽССԽǿ衣
ƴϴߴٵ߰ɣңģģæһ뿪ᱻ˷֡ʵߣҡڵߣҲû˸㡣
ѭ켱ǰͱˣʰңߣ
ҶСؿһۣô죿
ѭ뵽ҶСһߣǿ˶ҲҪ뿪кᣬѵܰ£ֻҧȥҾͲţլͷ˸ң
ҶСҡҡͷصҴӾݵһ·׷ɱġҲһ·׷ɱ뿪
ƴϼöţô
ԭྲĴֱ˲гֲͬĹԱһһ֪࣬ûһԶֻεؿŴҼ硣
ʱյĴźغȻһƿˣһɫĹӳ϶ʱһˢˢſȥͼҶСһϼЦ˽֣Һãô


05 ȥҲ
һ֧ƺƵĶй֣ǰͷ·ÿгһ캣ͤϹҺһдšʿڡһдšصʷһԴ࣬һഩµĴִʮ֡
ٽǼԹƣһΡκɮ̵ӣллꡣ֮аɫֽǮѩƬһ࣬ϲٰ״ޣؼݡ
һϺõĹײģǺ˾ģ̧׸ܵȫòʮˣܰͷհͷ׸ܣѾǳ߱׼ˣʮ˿ǵоλ˲С
ֽˡֽϰٸ˿ţľǰƴϵТλ顰صʷ֮λ
Ϊʷˣ˸ϵҪľ˻رʱֻǺµһƬ⣬ѡĲ̫ԶڳʮĻƴ£ɽһɽˮƵĵط
ںˣף׼һӦˣСáʿŷȦдʣϰٸֽֽճܴʱſ޵̫үǰ𵿴
֪һӣչһֽʣ棡άգ¾֮ڵʷǰ棡ڴˣḴԣ棡й񣬵棡ŴԺغա
ȺУһлᦶġСǶ̫үٴĵʣ̾˿Աһͷ˵˵ʱûô⣿
ͷ˵ܣԺܵôܣ㽫ȫعΪٰɥôܣԣɥֻܰøƽһ
С
ͷ˿ְο羡ܷġֵڻǮˣ˸һһ⻹Ҫʮ񡣡
С
СȻҶС죬ͷ޴ˡաҶСȻشãһƣѪɫϦ룬ϵͬѩʨӼҲòˡ
ıǼõ˵£ܵıͻȻôö֮شͲЩǹٵĹٴǵǿĪҲҪǼȻҶСѾ֪ıǷ˺֣ĸҴأ
ҶСҲỨ֪ءǱģֱ˵ʷļ˼ȻܿҪˣʷҲͷˣ뿪ðʷ
ȻȻѾһ֪ص˶ҶСŵҲţҲţѾûбѡ
ǣ֮󣬺·һٶˮˢ̮ʷԴǰգʩУʯ䣬ʷܲʯѹϡãΪ
¶ҶСûŴ࣬ԭ͵͵ߵģȻҪߵˡһ֪Ҳνˡ
ʷˣˡ׳㰬ҵģҲʲôˣһϡõʬ壬˭б»ԭ
ҶСáٸıЩ˲֪ãΪȹʷʷ֪ͼسǵã֪طʶѾúլˡ˾øȤ֪Դӵ˺ؾסõŮ˳ʲô
֪һ䣬ſ˫ۣغȻţòҲˣ˾ȻˣȻʹҲաı΢ǣ΢֪짣ϣ
캣˿ҶСֹгһˣһٸӰ¡
ҶСֵصǺιʣ
ڣҵġ
ҶС죺
ĬƬ̣ͻȻ磬һߣ𣿡
ҶСҲĬһصһȥûٻˡ
һֻ֣ҶСϣص磬һġ
ҶС쿴⣬ҲץסĴ֣ϰ˵ŵĻˣһߣһġûˣˣ߳ȥʱ򣬼ǵҡ㵽˾ǣһ̲ҶңǶ˶֪
˵ͷţסڲ˳ֻǣ˼˸ĪĴû뵽ҶСô죬һ˼ݡ

֪ءҶС죬ɷнµ񣬱׷׻سˡȫ̲ԼҶСʹࡢСҶƴϡѭ̤˸ͭʵ·
һᳵ·ߣԯϣˮң֣ĸ޶ֵڳǰһ񣬿еòֺ
Ҿ֪бΣ
վһƬɽһƬУȺ½ɢȥšˮʯҶСЦ
һʼûϳҶС죬ǵվڳԯϵˮңλ²ǸлСƲСӵ˭
ݴ࣬ںǿˡ
νǧ⣬ǧʺݹܼôбµˣôѵõƾֺͶݳɹ˺صؤؤͷӡ
ÿȥַߣֻЩݣ̫ܰϢֻʷʱ˾ѣұôȣʷ֪ͼô˳ǣ̫ү¡
ʹǶԴýõĴͺıˣ˵ʷ·ֳ±˺ܴǣЩؤá
ҶСҲ벻ݾȻƶ׷˺أҳؤͷӣ߮ڽͷؤз֮ģЩؤȻסҪһһСŮȴ׵ĺܣοŮ˻һֻʷֵè
Ц˺ôı£ʲôֶΣȻð棬ôõĵʷ٣ּ뿪һؿӣ
üͷ£վط԰ǳͭʷȥģȴվ෴λõɽϣɽ׷ȥ˼ҵĳ粻֪ܵĶȥˡ
ݲõ⸽ߺʣվܿߣ·ɽǱֻȥͭʣ֪ǵȥܵǣ׷
϶һʱֵˣǻҪ׷ȥͭʰǶǳʲô
ҶСȻ֪ݴڰڳԯϣӱ޸㡰ööģж೩ˡȻ˵һ·粨ϣǼ޳ˣͭʼˮĵ˵ǰŮ޸ԼͿԴƯϱؾˡ
뵽ҶСһϲһ˦һı޻ϲ̵سɽ裺˶ᣬģһ㡣۾׸оĸΡ
ˮ裬ʱߺһڡɽȼصţïܵĴУһӰӰظǣһԹ˼ͷݴ֡


06 ͭ
ؾͭʲԶֱ߾һҲ͵ˡֻɽˮƣ·ۣȻҶСһ˼һٶȲҲҪʱܸϵ
ݹȻҶС׷ˣһ;ͭʵ·׷ᣬڶʱٶȷҶСһ˵ټֻǴʱ˲٣ҶСһ֧С̶ӵ˽һ·ͬУ˵Ц޷ֻ֣ðи档
ҶСϵ˦ȲУҶСȫ·Ǹ׷ϣҶС֪ôҲ·̣Ҳûжٳһ·ߵòǿϡ
ǵ˵ϣΪܸϵͭʣҶСӿٶȣ˽ϵģǱԶԶ˦ˡ
ҶСѦˮңڸϵͭʣˮңһͭʳǣƿ²޶̫үƵϣ˯ŲܵĶеóԾͺá
ͭڴ˼ο˾һƾ֪ǹ˾ܵģͳθõصĴ˾ǰĴ֮һҡ
ϼ峯ǰͳ˸õصͳߣǧӴ󣬹ݼٸСС˾вжʮ֮һģ˾֮طֱ˼ݺ˼ϡ
Ԫ谽֮󣬹˾̹鸽Щʵ۶ǼȲҲֻǸذ͵زƷ˼һ£ʾĳҲˡ
ԪζѹȫԼ£ͻƿѡҡʱ˾Ǻʺǡϵʮּңͨ󳼣ȡ˼οʹһְ˼ݵ˾ʺ
ʺǰ£°ֽܱԪ谣ҲԪȡοʹıԪǺεĽѹϸϣȴ֪ƺ˵ƵģְʺҲίΪ˼οʹ
һɽݶ˼ݡ˼صϴ˾Ϊͳλʼ֡Ĳûüͼݺˡܵʞӵ£Ĺ򣬾ͱֻྩһ馴˸仨ˮ»ˡ
ִ۵ǻ˾òɿӶɹˣ۲Ŵ֮Ȼϵ겼һֵ⣬㲻ףۼΣŹ
ֻʵЦеسȰһ󣬶ﶼãøˣʱַˣŶԪˣȻ˾οʹְ֮˼ݡ˼طָΪͭʡ˼ϡʯ䡢ޡ˼ݡԶƽ»˸ݲ˾Ͻ֮
ʮ꣬ڰѳֲ͢ȺɽƵĹݳǣʵԪ谸ԤϵĻҪӣִȻֲ˽ȥһʱȴⲻ飬߬ɢɳ
ִ۾æɨȥˣѾǴϾᵽ˱֮¾Ҹˡĺǿûôǿı죬ǳ͢ԹݵĿƣʼսչ
ʵҲûа취£ֻʵ۾ѾڹݣҲδؾ֮ȫ⡣ĮӣҲֻǴܣ޷ЧռͳΣʵΪʧ֮䲻ɱʮǶ¡
δƣֱʱѾǰǳ͢һ󸺵ȫʡ˰һС궼Ҫ͢޿ĻԼʱ͢Եطͳעֻʵ۵ֻһ޷ʵֵԸ
ͭ˵һֱĽ죬ĺ˻˿ڵİٷ֮ʮʱҲֻаٷ֮ʮ壬ټϽͨ㡢ϢջȨĻǵˡ
Ȼ˴ͭҲڲ˾ˣ֪ȴ֪ҲϮ٣ʽϪ˾٣ԪʱΪ³ࡣΪϪϳ˾Ϊͳθõص֪ţһֱš
ͭϲĴһʷƾãͳͭʵʷٶ꣬ʵٶͳҲˡйʷϵĲ࣬ǶЩ˾˵껹ֻһ㡣
˾ԴԪǭϵԪ˧Ż֮ŻӴϮйְǸĳͭʵʵҲʼϡ
صطСȴҪأϱĿ̶Եص˼롢Ļö˴ٽãͭȴûıϼͳ£һԷյĶ
ҶСһ˸˳ǣȺشö࣬ҲһЩȴܸһֱȺظϡĵĸоҶСסŤͷѦˮǵˣסģ
Ҽҡ
ѦˮȻҶС̲סȤ㲻ؼҵ·ʶ˰ɣĪǽӣ
ѦˮӵصҶ磬һ治ʶ
ҶСһѦˮû˵ھǳģϼҡҴûֻҵ˵
ҶСͭʳǿɲСҪȥңʲôܴϢô
ѦˮҴżǵһЩ³ʡ
Ѧˮվڽͷѯһ󣬿С߻ҶС״ο£ǧ۶ˣѵ˵طҲˣǸվڽͷҲǰ취Ѱס£Ѱþǡ
ѦˮһСŮʲôţֻҶСȥѰջס£һ˲ù黹˵սɵȫƲгǣҲһǮ·ϻǲģ񵱳ӾʱһǱ
ͭ˿ڲ࣬ջҲңҶСת֣ҵһҿջҶСһסջʱƣӸոոϵͭʳǡ
üͷüͷʹûչ˺ããĶȥǰ
Цһôϲ£ͭʾͻᰲˣҲŲţοǻһֻèܣôԵĿ꣬ôһܲģ
ݣΪ˴Ŀһ·ܾѣһŴ»˽лͷɷɱˮңͷѾеһִŪħˡ
Ƶ꣬Ҫʲôûʲô˵ͭõĵ֪꣬ҾͲøүǺˡҺýүͻҪȻһҲȥ
ҶСŵСһãͼһģ£ֻ̬۽Ǹüбɣżְ֮ɫ޸ɫվڴָֻŵ˵ʲôһƹģЦԱӦ
ҶСС˻ⱦһüԵСĿˣ
СЦɲǣһ˸ɵ檣»÷룬˳⡣Ҫȥصģ˵Ǳ߳£·˱ڴ˴ѺŻȥˣһ߾ǰ£⸾ǣ췳ˣǿˣκβ
ʱǸȻһתңŸ޶߽ʱһУָŸ޶ʲôﲻֻסˣסҰްȥ
ңңصƾʲôҵĺѡ
תƹģǵô£һֻĶҲ֪ϳëӣŪôһòñסˡ
ƹĿ۷ˣ˼ֻסһġⶫѱģҲɾ˼ԶҪҼҵסҲס˵СҪģΪĳ֣ⶼ˼ˡ
˲ĵص겻ãѵҲɣã㲻ߣסԶһУסһ첻סǮҪһ졣
ƹֲ֮öԿ˶뵽˵ɷҪҪˣҲôʱֻ֣õͷӦǡ
Ǹ˼ϼǮŰݣ治õ߹ңңվſڶһƣȵҹ
Ӵ
ңңһƨ˵ϣʱۿ˻λΣ޶վһߣһ˫ȦЩЩ˼Ȼͬ࣬ΪʲôҪ۸Сġ
ҶС״ϳ壬ʱҪǰۣȴˮһסˮҡҡͷҶ磬ˣвŮ˵ǰңңȥƨϵĳû°ɣ
ңңµҡҡͷ
ǸҶСһڣզզ˷סĿҪôߵˣߵҲҪ˷ʣµƫƫڣƹľͰҶСסǸ˸ڣˮңŸ޶סҶСڣǸ˸ˡ
ҶСסʱѽƻ裬ˮԡ£ϴȥһ·糾ȥЩٻصסЪʱɫѾȫˣҶСȥ¸ոɵϣڷһ߷ֱļУү
Ǹ̶סͣҶСüͷ˸˯˭֪Ǹ˵Ǹզզӣһ˵үˣһ־ϲүƷɤŶ±Ƶģħ֮Ч
òߵͣҶС˿˯̤ʵˡѽѽĽдֶָ̼ȻҲƣþ춯ء񺿡
ҶСҲ޿ˣŭڵȭͷ̡ǽԹŮˣôڣв˯ˣ
ھ˴Լһյʱ䣬дͱ˽޺ˤ籩һ㡣ҶСϲڷ˯ˣȻϣؽ硭


07 СŮ
籩ڰʱ֮ϸ꣬ҶСӿ˯һ糿ϴϣտţڷͳһ˫ۺҡͷɢŮˣ޽е㲻Ҫߣ˵
ҹ
һŮ˵ͷط䣬ͷǶ⣬ȻһϷţѹ㻹òǲǣ߱ǭҲ쵱һӰ𣿼֪㲻أȢȢɫǰЩҲںǰԺٸ˷ŵӴ㡣
Ů˿޽еûС
žžžҽƱ磡žžžϲϣ
ϣϣˣүˣء
ҶСţͬҡҡͷ̾˿룺һٴŮԺ󲻻ôſ˰ɣţӣҪԺ϶ðתˣһƣ
ҶСתҪߣȻ𷽲ģںؼǵõһȥٴ˼ʱʹ˳ŵǳΪرߴӣҶСЩӡ
˽죿ҶСҡҡͷѭ졢죬Щô쳶ϹϵˣҶС첻ôҶСҡͷˮȥˣˮѾ𴲣ϴϡ޶Ҳˣڴ̨ýζ
ҶСһ䣬ˮָһСңңûѡ
ҶСŵЦһ·ڻˣЪֲϣֻ˶۲Ź֡
ҶСһ˵һ߹ȥͼңңһС黨С˯£ڴϣСƨ˯㣬˵ֻСƻҶСС֣СȺģҶСЦСһǸӣһˡ
ˮ߹ǣǼСһŮܲˡ
ҶСЦҿҪ
ˮѿ˵ңңô漴ѾʧԣϽȵСѾͷ඼ġ
ҶСôǵкŮҺҸˣ˵ģҲģþһֻ˵Ή󰣬ңңûңҡ
ˮصŮ޶ģһǼǴˡ
ҶСˮ裬ͿʼЦˮֵؿϣӣʵ㿴ʲôĶˣ
ҶС롭Ҫ˺ӣ˭أ
ˮʱ˯ңңһֻͮͮɰĺƻȥþòˣֿʼ˵
ҶСվߵı󣬿𪽿ۡ΢м˿ëĲˮ裬ҵңҲǰ͵طˡʱҪǸ磿㲻ãȷʺô
ˮոˣҶСĻתãȻʵȷ磿
ҶСҡҡͷָԼıǼңķ裬紵ȥķ硣ˮ裬ôЩҲ˽ˡԸԸһ裬һӵľɣ
ˮеˮԽԽŨȻֱתȥ͵͵شӼ»䣬΢ʵصˮֻһŮңĸ֮ý֮ԣˮ衭ôأ
ʱˮ費Ȼл磬лģȴѳһģӰӣζ벻þˣӰʵ㻯ҶСģ
ǵؾԼԼһ·ѣһһεذԼȳӣڻʩƴأںزʱǷʱĲ벻
ǣˮߵӣ߿ž
ĸ֮ô
ҶСվ¶ŵЦݣѵ˼ұһŮѣ

ԹͣҶСͳȥѰѦҵϢΪңңС޶ڴҲֻ̫ڿջҶСͰˮҲˣԱչǡ
ʱ֣ҶС˳ػˣңңˣˮϽӭȥҶС첻ʣЦѽҲ湻ͿģҲססׯѹʱȫǶһ飬ȥʣҪ˵ڵ˽⣬û˱Ǹˡ
ˮϲׯԶԶԣһ˵ˣ˵֡
ҶСЦԼϼҵĵַܲǵã
ˮɬص˼ҸûȥǡȻͭʵʱ˵ҵѦңͺ͡һ𡭡
Խ˵ԽͣԺͻȻ׵Ȼغʱˣչ˲С㡣С㣬ȻϼңϵѦңó׵䣬ͺ͹үһȥ
ˮѾʻ䣬һֱûеȵ׺С磬Сڴڼ䡰һеӤ˸ӴһʺһЩȫ˲ˣʱŸͷ
ҶС쿴ı˼ҶСЦӾݰӻ˿ң˵ǲأ
ˮҵرܿԼôˣСܵĽӦӸĸ֮¹˻˼ҵӡ˫Ů޶С
ټһֲȴԽͷ֮ȥҹεҶС죬εҶС𷵻ؾǣǴѵģϴ棬ֻ¾ҪҶС쿴ŵ˫ۡ
ҶСЦЦûٱϰԸĸ֮Ǿ취ĸĸ˫ͬˣĸĸҲ˼ҸµôǸ׵ѦҲǣҶС첢һжѹ
֪ѦסׯҵˣҶСˮġáȵһ·ԸͣգׯݶɽͭʹųǶˮֻбɽׯͽɽ¡
ҶСɽµׯѦڣ˳ظųȥʱˮѾ߳ᣬųվȻļ䷿ӾԼļңǿһһľһשһߣرеĸо
Ѧסɽµλãһׯ˼ͷһңԵҲңҶСѦҲԶóǰһָѦˮǻ˼Ҿˡ
ˮȻͼɽһ˼ңǰΧ£˺ܶˣµĲ֪ڸʲôˮɫһæǲǳʲôˣ
ҶС켱ϵǰͣסˮһ˳޶ĴԴڴڣһ˫ۺؿųֵȺңңվ˳ԯ
˳ףҲûעϳһˣˮվȺ棬һ۾ͿĸףĲгǿֳΣּæס͡
ҶСվȺУϸԻﵱеֻƬŪԭ˫һѦңһȴѦҵھӣѦҪɷݣ˲ϣ˹ΪʦæһβȰѼСͽܴ򷢹Щ򵥵޲ѦҾҪǽһ¡
ѦЩסھǣϼҵķưˣ֮򵥵޹һΣһ¶Ҫһ£ھӼȴ˵ǻᵲҵķˮ
ʵǽĲֻһڣھ⼸ദĲ죬ʹ˽٣ֻǽⷢӶѡѦ뿪缸ʮ꣬ھѦϷһֱ¼£ҲմȾ˹ıȵ帾ãԻ޲ڣһʱ䱻õֵסڽڰˡ
ҶС׾ʱдϲ˯˾ͷֺĸĺû᲻ǰô
ҶСӣ˳سȥ


08 µһǽ
ҶСһѾֱ˫ݣѦһ˵˻ֻ͵첱ӴֵģѦĸһüĿϸˣھӵƿڴûм֮
ھӸ˳Ѧĸ½Դկ޵ׯס˿ʮˣȥɨɨô۸Ů𣿡
Ѧĸ½ؽ͵Ҽֻǽ
ǽǽô߸أլҼϷͷӭŶǽͷǼҵĹ⣬͵ǼҵķˮǼҿģⲻǻô
°֪⸾⺷ҲҽȰҶСʱ˶ＷһסǸ˻ӶֱۣЦݿصô˵Ͳˣ˼Լҵǽǲ˼Լ˵ô
ʲôԼ˵㣬ҼȻǼҰţǽĲҼҵ⣬Ҿ͸ˣ
һŤͷҶСһĭӡҶСĨ˰ٽ˼Ҿ˵Ժǽ޸һЩܸߵĶȥʵҲûʲôã˳ĶƵü˴˲㡭
죡ھӸ˼ĭɣ˭Ŀûϵ¶ˣĸУʲôҵľ𣬰ʲôˣñ˴˲㡭
ھӸԼظصеöˡû˵£ûʲôҪڡҰӣҪͷŶ޸ԺǽΪ˷͵͵Ǽ˵¶
ҶСҪģȴûôҪģ˼Ѧټ˵Լĸﰡø˵ʲôƨԴ˵øҶСŮ˴֮һ⣬ǡ
ҶСĶֶոһʣøӡĸŮˣһɫƣСǿ׳Ĳ񻰣Ůͷϴͷе
ͷе˵ͷΣҶСȻˣ⸾˵կ޵һ˲ǴĺˣҲǴˣǲô˵ǺһЩϵɽеϵ˼ңһֱЩ
δĸǰ¶һСģҪ˴ףɲ˶ˣʱûֺõĸҪǿˡ뵽ҶСѸٷˡ
ǸȴоˣЦôţ㻹붯ִˣ㶯ָԣﻹͲ˶֡
ҶСͼŬ
ھӸһ֣ЩҶСϣʲô˭ٸ׽
ˮʵ̲סˣǰȰ˵λ
ѦĸŮʧôˣ
ѦʱҲŮɴһ
ھӸ˼ǰȰ˵ͷһһֻһѦˮ䳶ʱ¶һ첲Ѧˮ谥ѽһϽȥ첲
ھӸڨЦӴϸƤأһıǮҪǶҰӰǻƣܸна壬ҪȻ
ҶС˵ʵڻˣѦˮҲˣʱϳ壬ҪܲˣȽѵһ˵Թ۵ȺͻȻһɧ˵ȣˣ
˷׷Ťͷȥ˵ʲôţƽʱģͷһؼôҶСҲŤͷɨһֻۣһۣղˡ
е·ϣһȺЩ˵λ˭ҶС첢ûϳΪһȺ˼ǵͷģֺδӷֱ棿
ЩУֻӵһˣһ⣬ŸɫΣù쳣ŮŮ˫̧֣ͦͷһȺͷм䣬·һλС
һȺˣǵĸ˶ʱˣ𿴱СС͵Ʒ޽׵һְ񣬿ڴǿʵһĴڣʵһŮͷСŮж߹֪
ڼøͳկڵȼɭϣλ߾η쳣ʱĻҷһǵù˲ô죿
ҶССŮʱ˫۷Ź⣺ʥ˵ĺãˣˣĵĻˣ
ҶСһţ¹ڣ첽СŮӭȥ
չҪɽȻҶС죬ʱסһôָˣֱ겻ɢ
չû簲죬ͭʺ󣬵֪չѾɽҲɽȥʱ֪ͭżһλҪ٣ΪҵĳӣҲͰˣͭȴȥ٣պ֪ͻ뷨ʱȥˡ
չ˵ˣɽҲû̫飬ͻһˣ˭ϰ츰ʱǡѣɽƻٴθã˲֪ܵĶȥˣչ˸գͭûʲôѣɽȥҶС죬ҶСںغȫȻ֪
չصʷô
ҶСҪʲôʷˣҵ󸹬Է˵ĻǼٵģ߳ģǴżѰģֻ·ʱУΪ˲һ׮ӣǿһع٣Ҳ룬ǹ٣󸹬Էʲô
չƲ˭֪ҲұһЩá
磿
ҶСȻаһЦһƤ񣬸ϽҲãҲã֮أھһƽͷա㿴ⲻϱǹŮǶءչС㣬˴¹ˣôݣ׷ҵˣ
չֺֺЦ׷㵽Уһأ׷ҵʲô
ҶС˿ЦԭһᣬһΪΪҡ
չܱô𣿡
ҶС˵·ԣֵǣҲһڴȻˣҶĳ㲻ˣǣ
չһۣǰﳤȥҶС׻֣еظ´ٻᣬȾư
ôĪģչ
ⷬԴѦǰȺվԶȫûֻЦߵǸݵλԲŮǰ˵ЦضԴһ߹ȥʱǾ䣺Ⱦơ
ڼøʱˣǿҶСͬǹŮ˵Żָ˼£ƺڸ״Ũ
ҶС찵ЦͦصڼøĿһرܿӣҶСЩֵĹһ֣ʲô˹Ǯôǽ
ڼø͵ͨ죬ʹ˻ȥԵöˣǲߣʵڲҸͨԣʱ
˵С⣬ͷмǮԾڴЩݣֳϱû¶棬ԼãʱæԺſڣ֮䵱ദ˼޷ǽϹʲôؼң
ø̨ףϽĸŮظ˻ؼˡ
ѦѦĸʱֻΧŮʳʶ̣⼸ı仯һ·εͭʣ˵ģҲ˲ϹߣҲҶСݣΪѦҵĹүأҶСҲȷʵԼүˡ
һҶСԸЩѧͽǱʾңǽ߰
ҶС緢ӳⷽصɣ
һѧͽզң޵Ժǽǳǽ
ҶСЦ˵ǼҷˮҾҪһ³ǽжߣߣ
ˮͬĸ˫׽ţС֮Ѧĸ̲סҲֹ⼸ңңյļѦ겻ѣһ·Ŀѣĸ˫ױĵ
Щѧͽʲô⣬ҹүޣǾ£ҲѦҪھ޵ûͦģǣѦұһǽ֮³ѦңҲûһ˼һԼҵԺǽ޵ôߣµһǽ
ϦůĽɫ͹ƽɽҲһƬ쵣ΪͿĨһƬůůɫһ񾲵ĸо
ѧͽǻؼˣﴧĹǮˮһֵ⡣ҶСվԺǶ¸߸ߵǽٿѦѿЦù⡭ˡ
һЩƵķӣһĸǽѦѦĸҶСѦˮ裬СңϦҷӰӣӰ޶Ƕζؿ񡭡


09 С
ô˵ҶСǧذŮͻһĶ飬ǶôôŤֻھһ࣬ͻأ𡢰εɵĸǽҲͲ׷ˣѦֻܿЦǰҶСл
ҶСû˵⣬Ѧһʱɫ
ѦӲصСֵܡ
ҶСɱôƺܲ𡣡
ѦѾŮһݴ飬Ѧ¸мûеŮҾ͵ðŮ޸㡭
ҶСȻû˵Ҳǵʵ¶޹أ˵ˣһ·УϦദ빲ĭվ飬Ѿã˳µǾ͸á
Ѧʱɫ䣬ʬǰһһסҶСĲӣŭ˵ʲô˵ʲôŮôˣŮʲô
มม
ѦڼøԵʱûдʱ㺷£һŮƺѱռ˱ˣʱͻ۾סҶСĲӣҶС쵹˵ﻹ˵ó
ҶСͨ죬ָԼĺˮ״Ͻǰף˼ʲôѽҺҶôҲûô
Ѧ۾ŵŮôҲûôǵô
ˮôҲûô
ѦĸʱѾˣæǰȰͷӣ𼱣ǵŮʲôˣ㻹ôǲ˷ͥġѦĸ˵תҶС죬ɫصСֵܣ˵ǲѽ
ҶСһͷˮãȻôǣʲô
Ѧĸҡҡͷ̾Цˣ˼סŮ˼ҵģٻ鱳ŵǲ˵ĵˣĶ飬һ˺ܸмȴ˽Ů㡣
ҶСϿҵصϲŮˮȻ˵Ҳóʵϲҵġ㲻ٻ鱳ŵѵŮ֮òǳĳ飬ҲСлСأȢˮźܰգжϷġ
ѦɣѦҺлǼʮĽ飬鶼˵ģܻڻ鲻ɣ㲻Ҫ˵ˣŮҲ򣬿ҪٲߣҾͲˣ
ҶС컹˵ѦѾˣҶС뿪
ˮʵڿȥˣصҶҵĴˣŮڻţ֪Ҫ䵽εȿµ³ôô
ѦŭŮѵ֪ͼ͵Ѿͷûûģѹ֪Ѷ黹Щôз
Ѧˮ豻ϵͷһѵ⣬Ȧһ죬͵ʵŮôзˣеô˵ԼŮġ
Ѧŭ죬ԽԽûأȥ
ѦˮһţתͽݣҶС˷ʦѦŪùϵ̫Ժ󲻺ü棬ҳ˳׼źãǸϽ˵úúãߣϢŭٵŰݷá
ѦŭصߣߣҲˣѦҲӭ㡣
Ѧ˵ţȻӵվһ߶ңֵСѾͷҲһߣֲѦҵˣѦҿˡ
һ⻰ѦĸˣѦҵģôСĹѪǵûСգݶôСţֻôһӣǡ
ѦеصС㣬СôСͰˣС׶ֻǮµĸˣѵӦӣӾͻĴȥ
ʱܻȥˮ˵Ҫңߣָ˳⼸ңңΪȻңңĹ⣬ȴͬ⣬Ҫңңߣܹܡ
ĸŮͺѦִѦӵߵӵģ¶ĸŮԽܣһòɿҶС״˵ˮ裬ǲҪˣңңҾͺá
ˮ۾ôԣҶ硭
ҶСĻ΢Цûϵңңףֺγǣһ·ͬһˣǲǣ˵ˮĵ˸ɫʾ԰ꡣ
ҶС仰˵һ˫أˮһȴûб粵ȦҶС죬ͻȻһҪߵĳ嶯ǡͬ׹Ǧ飬һ
ҶСתѦЦصټˣǸԵģɣˮǧոջؼңһ˲Ҫֵò죬͸ˡ
ҶС˵걧ңңߣˮˢһ¾׷ſڣſϣ
ңңѾʼˣۼˮ׵ⷬѾˣһʱû˿޶ûкǺܴģңңҡһҪõСˣƨƨߵĸȥ
ҶСո߳Ժţһ˿΢Ц͸СʱȻһ˳֮¸ÿǣҪǵģһ鷳ô죬׼ġ
ҶС쵣ĵˮĸǸķӣ׼˼ѽ飬ŮҲޣ¶Ͳðˡ˼ˮĸףôҲܶЩ׵ֶΣʱֻܴл֡
ѦңߵľٶȴҶС쿴ϣѦԲһ䲻ķɷ򣬼ȻˣҶСͿеķʸֱԼĿġ
ֻҶС컹ҪһûиѦҪʲôСӣһͨ˼˵ѾһӴˣȻܰǮȫѦңֻóʮƸҲѰ˼Īģͨ˼ҵƸӶǿȻѦȴԥؾܾˣ޷ġ
ҶС챧ңа룺ֻҪͺãŪܽŮԹš
ҶСңһţңѹͻȻ۵һ˳͵§סҶСĲӣ޵ﲻҪˣﲻҪˣء
ҶС챧ССӣĺ󱳣ˣﲻڣС绹أСӦ㣬һӳһžۣ
ңصͷס
ҶСЦǺǵصСأС籾´ר˶ˣ
ңʵʵ𣿡
ҶС콾°ͣ˭
С磡
ңΪЦ§סҶСĲӡ

Ѧ̬ӣҶСŪ뷨֮ǰƱزѦң˹ϵһ񻯣Ҫȿɾˡ뿪Ѧ֮ҶС˳ǡ
˿ջԸСжιҶСǣң֣Ÿ޶ո߽ãһĴɤŵƹģն˲ܸͦɵģΡ
Ŀ͵ŶʹҶСʶͣסŲתȥֻһҶСϳ˴ˣ˿ɲǵΪ˶ԸةѭǸ֤ˡ
ƹЦŰ־ܾǳª󺺣Ҳ㬵ߣȻҶСǣһСŮ֣һشʱţһɣ򰳸ɹ
ҶСҪϼǶˣϾ͵ðѲһͬţۣҾͳզΣȻ˻Űǰһȭһţô֣ҺҶСⱲӻûɽأֻЦ˵ëǰɣ
ëһʱʧɫѽѽզʶأǰѰɣ


10 ¶ĥ
ҶСĵ˵ݣٲҪ°죬˳ˮۣϿëǵ˵Цǰֻһ¡
ë˷ܵصǾѹˣؽȥ̫࣬ϲԪϼûвʶģ䶼̴¡Сֵܣų죬ģò
ҶСкһׯ¶Χİնҵģȥ˽Ѧο²̫ףд˰æһףҪࡣ
뵽ҶСЦ㻹ûطٰɣã⻹һ䷿ţס°ɡ
ëһϲæл磬һǽˣһεģϵ
ת֮䣬ҶСʹӡСֵܡˡ硱ëǿ³çȴҲĽҶСֻǸ֮һЦ
ë߶߶˵ţҶСߡѦˮǼ䷿ûˣڼҶС첻ңңһסͰԼȥķ䣬ԼǼøëǡ
һа׵ҶСңëǵķ䣬ëǵëǵʱһĴȣпֵصҪ˵⾭һһᣬģᰡ
ҶСһҪ˵˼ϾͺˣëѾܾϾͽԼѪʷ
ѦҶС󣬻صվŮдһӵĿʱȰŮѦüת߻ſڣżĬ¡
ҶС˵СĻʱȷ򶯹Ѧֻôһ˲ʹͷǮҶСܸ٣ˮһԶ޾ǣԺָ˭
лǸСɳϢˣˮϼﵱأȻӵ˵Ǹ˵ˣ˸˲ͬǰƷţҵǵô
ѦҹлңҪүӸһȥݽŮлȴһֱã˵̫߲︮лڻ֮⣬ѦΪûмŮڵģ
ǰŮǸûĻëѾͷȻüͦģɱϾǸСѾͷƬӡȻˣŮ֦ǿԽԽˣлҴСӿԣŮüã
뵽Ѧ˿ҾȥһлңлҴСӸŶһˣֻҪŮģŮܲ
ջߣëŴȣҶС٩ɽɣˣ֪ǿԶڹءǼҰɣǱһ˼ң磬ϲƼҷ췹ԡɺ˰Ǳˣ֪ΪɶҾ֪㲻֪ͷ㶼벻
ҶС죺
ëǵصһɣɽϷأȻһ죬ɽͷͻ죬Ѱŵȶתţſˣֱϡһɣûٳɶˣ͵ɽȥզأǵһ󶴣⣬ͺ˼ƣбٰٰϱӾˣ°ڳɶҾ֪㲻֪ͷ㶼벻
ҶСؿ˿ңңңңſڴ˸ǷҶСС磬ȥҸ޶档
һλë²㵸رȻڳһ鹷ͷ𰡣ѽ谡ôһ鹷ͷ𰡣üʮذһӾͳ˰ǱǮˣϲǼҶȲϰǮ
ҶСɻصô䵽أ
ëǵк֪Ǳһɣһӣֵÿˡ֪Ǻӡˣ˰ɣһڰǱһֵرס
Ǯܲ𣿰ؽѣڣòףһƣһ˵Ӵң䵹񣬾߶ܣҵĿûС
԰ɣϴŽ˯ݶǲ֪ǴѩģްһƤϱøϹƵģﻹôһƿҾ
˯ݶһ˯ǰ£Ūðˣʱ򰳵뷨ͱˣ룬ҪһأҪˣͲˣҲˣȰȰɵҲѰóҲԲ˯Ҳ˯ţզͲأ
ҶС죺
ëǵǸƷˣҪǮвǰͰǮָˣһ°ֱ⵰ˡ
ҶСƶصǡȥͺˣܵʲô
ëڨڨشǲΪǮʱ԰ôϲƸˣðˣһ·Ŷ̹ߣΪĶģ˼Ҫǵů͵ط첻ù𣿡
ҶСأ
ëǵΪ˺ԺɣǸ˼ҷ򣬰ͷǼҷٺɣϱ͹˵һ׳СӣûйŮˣĽ԰Ͱ˯ˡ
ҶС˵ͷصñ죡ͷŶ˯ˣȻûŪǺܶԵ
ëǵɣΪɶɱңΪͷˣΪŸԼιҩ˯ˡСӳÿˮأƯĶ࣬͵ȥɡ
ҶС۷ֱһܰҴѦҵô޴󽫣Ȩ԰ɡ
Դ˵ëǵıʷҶСһĺͲ̫ϣˣ˿ãҲֻţһײĲ鵽Щʲôء
ëһ˵ɣŵЦëظҶС챣֤¶ͽɣģţЩһ쵽û¾ؤǴȥϡ׻ˣ϶ʳ
ҶСЦԸɣ
ë˵ͦ壬ҶСģҶСģҶС¶ҶСׯλúëǱ㴧ķǮĴ򹷹ֱׯȥˡ
ҶСʱϣëǵϣʲôʱ취٣ˮҲϳޡëߺҶСڿջ£ңȥͭʳǣ޶Ȼǵĸƨ档
ġ顱ǺģֻǿЩѣȴؤĵظҶСһؤȥׯȴû뵽ؤ
ԶԶҶС죬Ϊи޶ôԵһĿڣҲõĻˡݸһӣ૵صУǴͭʳסô
Ѿͷôֹ׷ȥˣ̲ס£ϡٴ̫ˣĪ쵶ն飬ýͷȺҳ֣÷ɵȡȻתջȡˮҹζࡣ
ԥƬ̣һЩ
һ˷ܣڿຣˣӦһһڷɵģҶС˿ȥ


11 
֮ԴԼĸֻһԭ򣬻һҪԭ򣺾ΪԼЩĸ֮Ψһĸ֡ΪһҶԺȴ÷ɵѵǸ֣
ֻһȥܽѣصҼ帣ȥ˶ӾȻҶСһˣѰֵĻᡣ
ɵɺֱ֣ɵȻԶһЩֱҪֱ࣬ɸ׼ͷ˦ۺͶ֣Ҫɣ˦۵ַϴ̳ܵĵط׻ᱻ˷֡
ֻö羢ķԴ羢ҵûӧ붨ҶɵЧɱ˾벻ᳬɣҲǵϦ֮ɣԼķɵһ԰ġ
ҶС츺˫յǰ棬ң͸޶Сһһһ߻ˣ޶ţͻͷȥ͵ϮңƨɣȻҲײңһ򡣸޶ִ˲ƣңҲǿֱЦ
Ա߳һɵŻſڴŽּܣԱ߶שߺʯģæţҶС⿴һۣĸ֡ͭʸѧõͭʵĹٰѧá
֮ԽԽҶСͬУѾЧ룬߬ɵͻȻһҶɵֶȺ϶ֱȡң̫Ѩ
ңֻǸСѾͷȴһֱȡҪ˭ϸǵùӼʵ˼ǡôʱŻһͷңңһҪƨɡ
ѽ޶ң޶ÿЦǰһԣҶɵ֮յزĺԷ˹ȥң޲
һţٲһκ޵ɲһֻѷɵľϻԺؽˮεʱѣֻвѥ׵ѱɵ⡣ڱɵ
ɵңĺԷɹһ´·ԽּϵһīУںд÷飬ī֭ʳɵתȦڸ޶ĴԴϡ
ɵ׹أ޶ˮ¥̨ͻȻǰһĶ±ȥҲƵ̽צ÷צ⽫ǷɵסץȻ͡
ԣԡ
³Ի࣬˭ܱȵܺӣ糤ҶɵԳƵĺֵܻسԵˡ޶͵ԶʱԱּ߽īиոմ飬һ˷ҶС·˰ңңǽ˿ȥû˷ָ޶͵ԡ
վڽֶ棬ɥعͷȥҡҡͷݺ޺޵һţƣ
ɵʱѾմ˵ī֭޶εǿڷɵֻģʵڲԣʱζ߹ȥһ̨ͣԡ
ζã޶й³һʯͷӡǽΪҵףסҶСӣе㲻ҪߣֻǵĶ
Ӵ⵹ǸʶģϵҶС⽳ʶԼԻдøС
޶һܹԵģɲΪԼҸ޶ǻСһҲ˵ֳҲûбġ֡ԼҸ޶£õīҲֵǮǣڽǡ
뵽ҶСæǣλ壬Ķ¶īֵǮСˡ
ʱΧ˶Χ£һ˵ӴãүдֶȾˡ
һֽдõ֣ŷڽּϣīѹţʱн˽ֽ򿪣ͼֽѱī֭͸ںһƬһ֣ʲôˡ
ǽʦһҲˣµīдҲˣֿүд˽ǿϵģүɲǺƢˣûˣǿɲȥүһ
ҶСĴüͷΪǼǮ£ȴǳ˴鷳Ҳ֪үʲôˣΪѧǵʿе޻߾⸮ѧѵ͡
Щ˶ԼīӣȻֻǼ֣˵һĲֵҲɣ˵ֵǧҲɣһǺƢүʨӴ󿪿ڣȫ
ˣ
ҶСһת϶ǽ˵ҪҪָոսȾϵó
ҶС˵ǷֽˢһչӭգͷŶԭ⸱֣ϵˣǿûУ
ԱǼֻֽһƬڣʲôûʦү⸱ǻûأдʲô
ҶСָ㿴ɫЩӭһգϾֳˣˣ⸱ϳˡ˵ŻһչһգǷֽһžӵһߡ
ȻЩûֱһҲˣҶСд󶨣ĪȡīҰүָдôһ鷳Ҳرү
ǽ˲⶯ԱиͽѵʦˡдֺүʼһҪǲͬү
˶Ȼѣ԰Ҫү⸱ֵϵģּүͬүһʹˡ
ҶСŵصʲô壬廹Σջײ̣Ƿȡٿ¾ȥųһŵֽȡϱֻһ֣ƣ
ҶСĵʲôƣľҪʲô
ǽ˽ŵʵү壬ģµ𣿡
ҶСȷԴ壬кģ²ãǡݽҴҰ⸱дԭȶһ¾ǡǽûֻȡһֽñīһʯϣҶСд
λүıȷʵݽ壬ҶС쵱θǰԹٳ˽ܾӢѧĶϵͳӰˣҪ˵鷨еΣ֮գݽɶǾͨġһֱڿǵǣүдһʲô
ЩҲûλүĶǾͺðˣֻҪһҲǡơ֣ȻܻŪǣд֮󼪣ٷֲҲû취ˡ
ҶС뵽΢һ˼⣬ӺдһλߣÿӼϹͥɽơҶСдգ±ʶһ£ضǽ˵ƣ
ǽæùǸͰ͵ֽҶСոд͵һȶԣʻ羹ǷֺɴϲллأȻһ㲻
ҶСЦлȻˣС͸ˡǽ˷ӦҶС켱ңңʹɫš˻ĸްȾߡ
ǻûīǮء
ǽʦͻȻӦ̧ͷҶСߵòӰʦֶǷ֣صˣһīֵǮ㲻ÿүǸˡ

үʱóӸѧ
үǰȥһˮѧѵһ١߱ʮʡʡѧɸʡ̰ʹ򰴲츱ʹ³εģѧɹ̰ʹԼεġ
һҪԱҪݾǮΰô츺һصѧԱ׼ʲôȻǡѧʡҲǿšоˡнʿ
ͭطڱƿʼнʵֻͭʣݵˣҪ˵ڿƾϱȲ˽㣬ǱȱʡҲĪЩ˾үǵֱϵֶ궼нѧģǸϾǡɼҪǷѧݡ
ͭѾûšˣѧ˽ͭʸѧûʲôѧѵҲ͸ɵͷˣѵܺõˡ
ǹʦٳ⣬ͣ˱ĻϣҪе̣ѵ̧ͷһƣͻȻվסˣŭغȵס֣ϵ֣˭ģ
ǹһвѵүĪǿˣѽǱʼһģһ
ʦӲͷƤЦүⲻϵô
ѵȵںԣĸ⸱֣־˭дģʵ
ǹʦһһҲǻСӸƭˣ֮£ֻһһʮض˹ѵһǴŭдƥ򾹸ϷϷ򡭡
ָŹʦıӣͻȻֹǹʦ󾪣ϽүҰɣҰɣôҶУǧô

ͻתŭΪϲЦŵǹʦæؾеӣѵүɱģ־ëɣ
ϲ̵ʵ㷽˵дֵǸꣿ
ʦӵصͷӦáӦǸ꣬۵ĺܣ㲻꣬ҲǸոճӡ
ϿȥԽԽǻϲдúãдҲ˲ŰϷǰѴ£ţϷĽѧʲб𣿡
˳ʵȥˣ
ʦǱˣһСŮ޶һֻܺϵġ
˵Ⱦ׷
Ҫ˵ʣ֮µʦǣ˱ȵ˹ݵЩѵô


12 µڱ
ҶСңתһ渣޶ǸԻһ񣬸ոջصջһϣëǾͷػˣһݾʹѽѽ磬ɵأٳˣϱǴɩӿɾ͸
ҶСһʲô͸ˣѻ˵
ëһһתͷĹˣ˳һ豭ܵҶСոϴҨһˮˡغ
ҶСˮ޶ͷ̧۲ؿ
ëһˮŻصߣһƨ£ĨĨͣһŶظˣ˵˲Ѧ϶ɣȥллҾסׯ˵лкǼҴСҲоһˣѻ°ˡ
л⵽Ǽһˣ԰Ǵɩر⣬˵ǻ¾ôˣϲлͷӵʱ򣬰׶˵ġ㿴ģҪٲ취Ǵɩñ˸˯ˡ
ҶСһȻŭ٣˻治ǶôľǿңУҲҪƻľлСӣԶԶģӿϵŮˣûø˵ĵ
ëȻ⻰ԵҪӣֵһɽ
ҶС˵˵Ǽסɽ£סɽϣ㾿ȥûУɱҡ
ëЦˣ磬㲻ӣɽˣӣ֪ǰѴɩ㵱ѹկˣ
ҶСתŭΪϲţⲻһ磬Ǿȥׯ
ëǵ㼱ɶѽлҴС˵ˮأҪҲһ¶Ҫ´꣬Ǹȥ¡
ҶС´꣬ô֪ῴ
ëǵɶСʱϲƴϱӣʱһžͶ尳Сˣǰһµʱˣˣˣһʹ´ʹССʹʹˣʹʹҪ϶´ꡭ
ҶС죺
ң߬СȭͷµҲҪȥŲҪˣ
ҶСοؿһۣС޵ңң˵ĶԣµӣҲȥ
ëǵǳɣǴٸǮ£ȥ¡
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ëָĸ޶Ҳ£¶ͦа˰
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ҶС˲ʶɻصǣ
˺ǺһЦ㣬Ǵ֮²ĳȥ𣿡
ҶСæÿſڣŶԭ
ңСˮִҹصĽѵҶС˽ӴʱȻֱһСŮͯ棬ʱȴرĶ£ΪλλӣΪһ衣ѵ΢ЦͷСŮ޶ܶء
ңף裬˵ҶСվգһ˫ڰ׷Ĵ۾˵ѵ΢ЦĳϴҶǰɣǺǣȴ֪·أǴڱسסأ
ҶСнŨ֪ЩΪ

ѵЦ㲻Ĵ⣬ĳͿżɽֱ˵˰ɡĳͭʸѧѵĳڸѧſڿһӦþдİɣ
ҶС찵ˣ׷ˡ
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ѵЦҲҲٷΪٿֺ鷨ϼ֮ѡĲҲسڣ˰֮ġһ·Ѱ֪·˵ػǴڱضӣй
ҶСõصҪڴ˵ܳʱ䣬Ƿڴ˶ӣĿǰûо˵˾ȡЦˣѧĹʸȡҪ˵ʵϾû͹ѧѧûС
ѵЦˣǾͺðˣԸ⣬伮֮ɱٸ伮Ϊ˺֮ǰپͱһŹأֻҪҲѣ˹ﶼȥã㿴Σ
ҶСд󾪣ϻĺ£ѵĵڱˣ
ҶСɵص˴Ե棿
ѵȻٻڿ㲻ɣŹٺ֪үѡ֪үǱֻǱٵһ仰ֻҪٵͷŹܲ
Źȡãȷʵֻ֪֪Ȧѵ١͹ȻҲҪĪãΪʲôѵһ˲ȡҪȥѧٵأʵΪû˿ѡ
ǰѸֶϲȫ¶д˳˵ΪţѧҪѲ鿼Եģʱĳһ׮˵ѲʷΪܻߣСȨģô룬һԷһ˲ȡ
ҶСɵ¶ˣĪһЩΪһ̲ɵãΪΡ
ѵ֪˵ʵ˽ֻ̾˿ʵʵ˵˵Σǽȴϣҹݰ
ѵذ˵һ飬ʵҲδؾû˽˵⼮伮ʡԴ˽ˡֻǣҪףҪ˾ˣҪƾˣַǵòμϰƿɣǾ͸ǿҵġ
ʱ˭ԼӱԲд뷨ȵڱʡȡѧԲļľ͸ϸ񣬲֪ҪͨٹؽڲУȨĲǨҲܻţûȨǨҲǨߣνǵ񣬲ɴûᰡ
ҶС˵ʱ۷Ź⣺ƿǳŵĳĶھʱ˵ػ¡йѦͻ˰ɣ
㲻Ϊ£ݻؾǰҲޱȹɰţҶСȻҲҪΪˣöҵͷϣһҶҵð̣
ҶС켤⣬ѿھӦһȻ뵽ѵ֮ˣǡؽ͹첮ĵŴΪԼÿ첮ĵÿģԼǲҲӦá
ҶСæ侲ض豭ŵĿڿʣôǡңС˶ƵվԱ߳䵱СѾأһҶС豭ˮ̹ġ˲Ϳ͡ĹأСظߺͿ͡
ҶСո˵ʣϹЦݣŤѵңһͿ͡ҶСЦݵʱϡ
ѵʲôݣȻһ֮ģ֤Լġѧʡ¶ҲǸ˺ôֲҪȥɱ˷Ż𣬴˲Ӧ취ˣ˵ӱǨ˱ȽѣҲδؾһ첻ѵܿɣ
ѵЦһվ˸־ĳҲǿ󡣼Ȼˣĳˣ
ҶСصˡ
ѵڰֵˣ
ҡʵӦҲҪסҵ׶а
ҶСĵźţؿѵ߳ţʧʧʲô֡ȣܵôҶСһҪߣʳ˳ȥ


13 ټ
ѵ
ҶСһ䣬ѵǰЦˣ²ԸʵǷžϲһʱûзӦ
ѵ¶Ц⣬ô˵ԸˣãͭʣǾ̻Ѱף
ҶСѰװɡ
ѵǺһЦôдѹˣϾʱҪ࿴飬Щ׼źã⼸Ϊ伮£仧ϸ˵·ôҡ
ҶС켱æͳ·˫ֽѵһҾأصʹˣ
ѵ˽Աѧ⣬Ļ󳩣΢ЦȥҶСվҲĻϲңңһ¶ģҶСЦССѾͷЩ㻵ҵĺ¡
ңңίص˼ò𣿿˵
ҶСЦòԣֻҲЩذˣʵҼңңܹԵġ
ңң˵ʱϲС磬Ϊʲôôѽ
ҶСö˶˵ڼţһСľͱŹˣǺܶ˽ʾ֭飬ȴǵȫѹ˵ҪҪأ
ңң̫ҶСԣ֪ضǺ£Ҳ¶ĵЦݣͷţģ
ʱëǼϴż»˵ҶСҪţʱεһ˫ţۣͦϡ³ҶСãѧĿ۾򰳸ɶ
ëȥߣӣһ飺ҳզذ㡭Ǻǡ㾡
ëͻȻӦڨڨЦҶСҲЦˣ·Žȥ˴ϲ£Ⱦƣ
ëһҪȾƣʱòУϽ·Ż˷ܻңңһҪȥԺóԵģҲǲֱµС磬Ҫ׶˵ɺóˡ
ҶСɳɳɣһγԸת۾ͼ޶һ˫ȦȵؿҶСְһ壬򰳸ɶҲûݶȥɣ
ңңŸ޵ĲӣĶСο޶԰ģ͵͵ιԡ
ҶСεҡҡͷСѾͷߵֻʳЩˡë˳ʵ磬˵ҪǳŹѦǲǵϸŰѹŮ㣿
ҶСҲóɹմĵ˵ҾҲǣȥѦңϢ˵˵ŹôҲˮ˰ɣ
ңң˷ܵסҶС֣͵صС磬Ҫ𣿡
ҶС޶һţļ򣬵ǰٹͻˡ
ңңԴϲһ˫Сڸ޶ֵĸһģ·ŸͷĴ󽫾มݣ
޶˷ŻǰһܣԼǧˡ
ݲͻһ֣С첻ᣬ·ڴڡ֮˵ҶСЩԲߵģңңԵĺܿģëǣ⺻еóԾͺãûʲôԡܳԵġ
һҹ£ڶȻ˴꣬ҶС쿴ưô꣬üͷĸȥĴϲ£˭˷ҶСôԵȥ
ֻЩϣңңɲ㣬ҶС˵˵Ȱ˵ңң˵ֶСæտĴ죬ûʲôˣСҲʹشӦңң
ңңվڴڣСƵؾͣ˵ؿҶСԶȥ޶ҲѧӣֻǰצŴ¶һԲԲĴԴµãã
üȥҲ죬ҶСëǿ쵽ׯʱѾϸꡣëǰñӴͷƿҶС磬Ǿôֱӽô
ҶСǴӴƹȥȼˮ裬Ȼٸ˵
ëȻûʲôۼǰߵׯ˱ׯȥʱѾͣˣݵˮһƬϸߵҰݶˮ÷ˣûСȵˮˮһ㡣
ëһ·̤ˮòֺҶСģǺΣλֺʹһ㶼ˣܲôôȻϸ룬˵ëͯδ޴еһƴûججȴȴ˶Ҫÿء
ˣҷǽȥˮ裬ȸ˵
ҶСһ˵һ߻ͷζʱһ㶣ëǲˣһƬһƬƬҰݵˮУ沨ţëƽʧˡҶСಡһһɺ⣺ĪǼˣ
ʱˮͻأ̽һֻ֣ˮƴػţ˻ɽ漴һͷðеҲᡭˡˮ
ͷֳȥˮðһˮݣĸƼƮˮϾ£źΧˮһ޶ԭѦҺиˮӣˮ沼Ƽ󣬳ˮˣΧĵƽ룬עϸ죬ΪҲǱˮĲݵء
ëǺһ·ˣŹʱʱصȥˮϸߣòֺҲΪֱ˳ҶСͷʱոճ˵ף˫ˮƴһŸ
ҶСʧɫҲ֪ıԵˮжֻĹ˼䣬ëִˮðͷ϶һƬƼеҲˮȡһδˣֲˡ
ҶС켱ĹˣѦǽͷ̽һŤĿ֦ǽЩ̣ǽߣֻ˵ļͷҶС켱æץס֦ק
ѦⴱլʧޣϴαһשȫҶСǽֻ˺ھӼҰŵһǽԺǽû޹أҶСһק¡һǽ͵ˣҶСһҲ˲£æ֦ˡ
ëٶȳˮ棬ҶС켱æ֦ǰһݣеץסëæҵץס֦ӳմɫƼĨϵˮѽѽղһӣûѰ۴Ϲˡ
ҶСûص㣿һ·Ͼûʵյġ
ҶСëǣһŭɶڵҼǽǣ
ҶСͷһѦŸӣɫƵվںԺѦˮѦĸվһ㵵ؿҶСϽӿ֦ǰˣᣬʵڵлҵǽǶ
ѦðɣӾͳ˶ҼɽǽøǽƵģһûʣְҼҵĺԺǽôҼҷҲˡ
ҶСֻ̻رܣֵ֣֣ϲġ
ëǼѦŷӣҲǵͷܣŲ·ֱȥˣȴûеƼˮı£ԽԽû˳ˣȡˮˡ
ѦһҪֳҶС߹ܿصˣһá˵겻Ѧش𣬾ʹӣתݽˮ
ëִӳ߳ԲģҶС쿴˿Ѧο˲õģ˺ܺˮġ
ѦͻȻӦջضӣеҹܲܺˮ㣬ֵҼҸʲôˣ
ʱԶԶļ̽ͷصضߣݡ϶ˡܵøһ㣬ĨһˮЦԭˮסعܽˣߺߡ


14 
ѦҶС죬ŭɶطӣҶСǸϿٵҼϷʹǵĹȡ
ҶСˣŮѾˣܲûҰɣ
Ѧһţ
ëĨһմϵĸƼһ԰ǻѵүҴĲɣѾΪţҴŹѵ䲻Ů
Ѧĸ˴Ϊ⶯æյѦߣᳶ˳½Сҵġ
Ѧ˵ҶСţȷʵȻĶ˵ףһ˽ˣڸŮ֮ԼĺôŹô˰ⲻԼŮϹʣܵԣ
Ѧô붼µˣڹݵؽţ뵱үҲǵµˣ˵ŮܣҲңΪҵĴ£ЩҶСܸô
ѦһᣬϵصСŮлңлҵˣлҵĹͶɣҪ˵ţǾˡʿ˴٣ҲѦûָϵ
ҶСˮ裬ĸ֮ʹԼҲһТ˳ҼҾʹûĹأҵҲûҪң˭˵ҲТˮ裬ԸԸߣ
ˮˮҶС죬촽ţ˵óһ֡ǰôؼҶСֿžԽԽ벻һʱٿҲô֣ȴˡ
ѦŮɣһʱ嶯˵ҶСĻСӾ͸ƶᣬһžлǴСӱͲ鲻ԸأʱԴΪ˻ʲô죿
Ѧ׵سȥеϸҹ
ҶС쿴Ѧһۣˣô죿ʲô취ܶãֻΪˮĸסԱˣԲֶΣȴԣҶС첻һѭ浸صˣ
Ѧ·߲ͨǾֻܴл취ˡлңҾͲ˼ɡ
ҶСţˮ裬صңһ
仰ˮˢһ

ۿҶСëԽԽԶѦҲ߳źŮݣݺ϶ʹ˳
°ˮضѦҵķӣˣֱӳȥ䲻ɵˮ裬ȻسǣٳǳʱŪңǾͻؾ칦ͣ
һ½Ȼһţ⵶Ҫǰܡ⵶һ˼Ұ͵ġһסΪǹٱɱô̵ִģȰϣ
ڨڨش½ϸһֶ϶Ҳȥæǰѷ磡
϶Ҳѧظһϰ˱ѦȥѦҺԺǽѾˣǽ÷Ѧҡ
Ҿ֪СĲȻܻˣѦŷӣӷɽǽһԾеţץץһߺţһ˷ܵȥӾɨ
ʶŴҼңѦӾ㣡˰ץѦŷӣ磬ԽԽ˷ܡ
Ǳ˸ֲϾյˣһΣѦͲǶˣ˵Ѧǰһ־ס죬ݺһͱѦࡣ
ۣ
壬Ѧ˷ܡɫ˶ʱϣһƬ־壺㡭㾹Ȼɱң
ѦղŻӣҲֻˣòȥͱǣȴû뵽˾ҺȻ֡
ҪˣҾҪˡ
ѦĿֱûļ⵶־ԽԽŨݺݵذƿҪֵѦҺţۡһͭ죬˴еץץ
漴һ󳳳µѦһѾھӶìܵǻ˼˵СϺĿĶŲ˵ߦһļһʲܳ
ۼʧ޺޵һţ϶
ץ
ܹĴ񿴼ˣʧɫŹͬʱǳ϶ƲֻõͷܣݶΣɰ˵ԼǸ֣ƨĸ֣
ۼȫնҪˣ֪ضȫ޵һĴѲȽŲ϶ɴ౿ȷɣȥ

ҶСëǻصջʱҶС»ڣֻпʪģëǵƮѦլĳŪһòǱҿæеʺ䣬˸뽪ˮ
ҶСлңʵңңðɣ
ЦãõĺܣѾͷأһֱԼ棬ûͷİɣСء
ҶСҵлë߿ͷëԻס·ҶСңңסһƣţҶСţңңһˡ
һ㶯ûУҶС컹Ϊңңں棬ҡͷһЦֵңң쿪šȥԺóԵม
˵ҶСһóԵģңңϾͻӦȴ֪ΪΣңңɲֻӤһл
ҶСиһĨԤУ˵ңңƤˣԭҲ޿ܣǷﻹһСأС˿Ц
ҶСнţߵߵţС쿪ţ
ﻹûжһǸ޵צӣҶС󾪣ǰһײ䡱һžſһײȥ
ңңңң
ҶСſŰ̧ͷһͫ׶ʱһͼСſһһѪǻ֮ڿտգûңңӰ
ʱë춯һ죬ϴӸڷ˹ڼʱӹϰˣԼ·ʲôûأ߾޴죬Ϲ˳
ŶһλŮҲ򿪷ţһ˹ƨɴԼǰܹȥסһУס۾ָȴһ֣һ϶еıӰƨɻͦʵȡ
ëǳܽҶС췿УҹΣ󾪵ʲôˣСôˣңңأ
ʱŰͻȻһſǶҶСƵһߣ޶ŰƨһգֻǰצԼԴëޱʵ˵ңңȥĶˣ˵㲻˵Ҿ͡Ҹʲô㡭ܳû·
ëһ̧ͷѾвٿ̽ͷ̽ԣϽߣһҹƬ֮ͳһ·ôôձˡ
ҶС챻޶һƣȻѹ嵽ǰպһ̯Ѫ˿ã׷
ã
ëҲ˲ϻ·ˣŴëȸȥ


15 Ѱ
ҶС켱ϵãԵƹƹģңң°ˡ
ƹһ
ҶСңңСҲɱˣ
ƹ󾪣
ŴëǷɱһʱͦͷɱʱƮ磬ǿ²֮ﵱॻȥƹһһ
ƹɲ֮䡰ƽȥ롱˵ҶСȴ˵ȫˣֱʵƹģſ˳룿
ͣ͵˲࣬ƹһ˼ˣ˵ݷÿˣһŸ¨ȥԼһʱͳˣ˵ҪݷõѲڣ뿪á
ҶС켱ǳʲôӣŴΣ
ƹ˼£Ŵ绹г࣬Ҷû̫ע⣬ˣ˸Ӷͦߣһɽӡ
ҶС˵ɱȥæֻһ仰ƹٱ٣ȥ׷֡
ëҲϸҶСܳջƮƮ¶һĳջŮ͵۹ʱĿ޹Ľʵ롣
ܳջĲ֪ʲô׷ʱҲӿջܳŴԴڵᣬһ񱼹ȥС죬СƵĹǰʮԶͻȻͣסŤͷҶС췢һӤްС
ҶС˫һҰ쳣޶һųңңζߣ
ëǾصѽѽôһһֱأһֻܵĹ˦ëȣƮƮٴعĴ롣
󣬽ͷˮûи޶ҶСëǸ޴Ѱң⸣޶Ҳ֪ǲһͻڿᣬ˾ͼ׷
ҶСëûбѡֻܸŸ޶ǰߡǰ·һľȻ潹ƵظŸ޶ԶҶС㶣ѴľԱһ˼ſڣ˫׷ȥ
ǻƷɣƷ֪ͼ϶ҶСǾ˸ĸѪĴˣԾĸҶСͭʡ
Ʒɲ֪ҶСǼٵʷԶҶСԵɲûԴ˸ںֻ֪ҶСĴˣӦñҶСʲôı仯ġ
ƷɸҶС쵽ͭʣҶСס˵꣬ƷɱҲڸס޷ģ޷ԣԾڸһҾ¥˸
¥ÿϿɲ٣ƽʱҪר񣬵ԴӻƷˣתСˡ
Ʒһ˾׾ٵظ˵ĻʱһʱһУҼһףԻƷÿֻڰһܹӦ¥ȫ
ƷҲɣͼǮÿʱڿջΧתơûͼݼҶС죬ΪɱӷʮԼĴ鷳
ҲɣΪ˱꣬ƷҶС첻뿪ջûȥǳǰѽˣΪ¥ѾûľϣȥȻȴҾߵľϻײҶСɫŵܿƷ϶£æ׷ȥ
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ҶСվڳſЩŵ鵹Щ
ͯñɱ˵ķ°ˣ°СŮûСкֵǮ˷ɱˣΪһСӡ
˰ƱҲֻ°ߴ˼Һӣûܵһҿջ°ôһԲǴ֮ҵСŮ
Էбȴûеɱңңôһʱ֮䣬һΣգ°ңңĿʱ޴ۣǣҪңңȥ
һЩΪ굢г̵ÿͻ߷Ű·ҵط꣬ͣ˼߲˵ݵĴ񽥽ſڱȽ֣޶ƺΪζӣʧȥңңټ
ҶС켱æסһع٣Ȼʵʣû£ӺܸߣһϻŸ¨ɴ˳ȥȥʲô򣿡
ǳŹģƤصСֵܣſÿôˣļǵס˭ҪʵǸɫ˶ҾһܼסˣˡӸЩѣҼ𣿡
ëǼ״Ҳæס·һһѯʣʱ˴ׯӻոҪǡݿҶС죬ɰһæŤͷȥְµñض϶ûҶСϵԼ
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ݲмƲһۣƨʮа˾˷ӡ
϶ˣֻˮɱ˾ͳ£
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϶ΨΨŵŵϽ͡
룬ѹݵ£ǸɱˮĵǼһ٣϶ͷʱóǱܱܷͷȸȥң䣬Ҫܴ˷Ūǻ߼޻
ݵͷ˵ĽǰˣܾôˣǸߡ
ͭʹųǣϡˮɽׯڱɽ¡޶ҶСëǾģǡúʹׯ
ҶСſѯһʼղͷֻŸ޶ǰ뿪ŲԶ޶ͻȻһУԭеĶʱӿˣҶСдϲ֪޶ᵽңϢϽкëǸϡ
ëһƢõĽǱ߶ţأëǵŴۣӸµؿǸˣɶѽ˶
һҶС캰ëһݻҪô۵ģˡ˵׷ҶСȥˡ
϶æǺ棬ԶԶضţ˶ûע⵽ǻһҲĵظҶСëǣǻƷɡ


16 ʮɽʮɽ
ׯѦҡ
ְ˽ŵذѦ̧طȥѦһϢϣѦĸ̱ɷ߿޵һ㣬ˮŸ׵֣Ҳߵӣ߿žµ
ѦѴ֮ʣ˫ۣؿںðβ΢΢һ£һͻȻعⷵյſ۾Ѧˮ
Ѧһ˫ޱԹ۾߬ˮ֣С鲻죡
Ѧ޽еҵģ˵ˣѾУ˺˵
ѦЦһ΢΢ҡҡͷͻȻתѦˮ裬óԹһһؽ㡭ҪǸҲТΪޣĿĿ
ѦˮʹĻæͷŮޣŮӦŮ
ѦֱؿŮʳԵӣѦˮ迴׵Ĳ״ۡһ˳ǰָ׷ģŮ췢ģһΥ׵ĻΥģ
ѦֱؿԱһλ̾˿ˮļ򣬵Ѿȥˡ

Ѧˮʱ޵ڵأھӻвϸģһ֪Щһ˵˵Ҳҡͷ̾ϢˮǵĽ̸ͻȻ̧ͷϵģһɱģˣ
Ѧĸˣֺ̧ݺݸŮһ⣬㵽ڻɱˡ
ˮᣬִֵص¡
ѦĸŭҪٴ򣬱ȰסȻȰѦĸǿˮȴЩȻŮ򰡡
Ѧˮҧվһһصȥ٣һҪҳɱҵףΪҵ𣡡

ͭʳ򱱾ȺɽммֱͨׯȼСׯ޶һ·ܣм·һֱܵɽ£Żɽ
ëǿïܵĴ֣վɽ壬۷ֱص磬˭СѾͷܽɽţⳤܵĹϼ˰ɣ
ҶСٷϻܣ
ëǻȻ򣺡Ŷԭܵʹܣ
ҶСûһ߸Ÿ޶ɽһߵ޶ңңãһ׷ңңߣ
ëǽ˽ѾЩɢıҶСƨɺɽ
һʱ֮󡭡
϶վڲյïԭʼɭУĵصˣĶ׷˵Դ˾ݳǰɣˣؤˣڻҪҰ˰
Ѿģͷصʲôϣ
һƬֺ󣬻ƷЩɻضˣоóһ·ҶСɽļһﲻ⣬ȴ֪ΪʲôҶС죬Ŀĺڡ
Ʒ룬Ӻϰγѡһʮ񣬻µȥҪһֵıֻһѲĵ񹭣ҲһϬɱ
ҶСëǸڸ޶ɽݺ϶ҲȥˣƷɲģֻҪһɽ󺣣һʱҲһܸµ˿ҵǡ

ңң¨˱ڼϣڴ֮Уӯƽءɽӵ˸ں棬׵£¶߸ݵģһڼΪϬ͵
͵ŮһʱãжҪʱΪʹ̥Ȼ꣬ʮʱڳʹ򣬳˵ߺٶڳʹ򣬴Ӵ˳Ϊ嵶
ɽӵ嵶ƤĵʣƷĥİԲ̻ͭˮƣ˿ʮ־ңң¨ӵؿɽӣҪ˼𣿡
ɽһңңص˼ҳôû˿ģ壬һСɣСǮġ
ɽ̲סһЦǲҪİɡ˵ţŲŲ嵶λãѵŲǰ
ңңӣֵصץҸʲôҪ𣿷ߣҲҪ˳ˣˣС磬ءңңñȹݵ껹ףˮ
ɽЦԷǣæ㲻£ǲҪҲҪ㡣ǡǴȥġ
ңңգһ˫ɵ۾Իصʲôѽ
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ǰ߱ңңĴ󺺿һɽϾ˿ڣɫضңңЦ֮أǴȥһطһˣǸˣͻΪˣƯ·óԵĶҪʲôʲô
ңң˼ҾҪС磬С˼Ư·˼óԵġҾͳԵ׶رóԡ˵ţңң촽һζӡ
ңң˵󻵵ҪҲҪԷģСصĵĴ壬Ǿͷ£ҲҪȥʲôˣǷңСǳ׶
ɽЦԷǵҡҡͷһΡ

ɽӺͱ¨˺߹ɽƽأҶççֺǳϤ·죬·ȴƺչңңķӦÿңңί˵˽ˣǾͻͣңңų
çç֮УÿңңһСŮܵĶȥΨһҪעģҪЩԿտҰ޲ֵĵط⴦ͷ
ңңһʯͷϣ˫ޱ޼ԶˣСݡûһСһֲݣһΪ֮ǰҶСӱ׷ɱʱϰҲΪɽӺͱ¨ʵͦ
˲Ӳ·϶չ˵Ҳ൱ģǴտҲ۵ĲλǶңңɲȥ֮⣬޿ޡ
СҵİɣһģӾӳһ·ϣҶСڹؼʱ̴ңңСС̳ġ
ҶСڲݴУԶԶؿʯͷϵңңԼһɢϢˣɺ֣˷Ѿ۰ңңʲô
ëǷһԣ磬׷ˣҪҪȥ˰
ҶСѾҵңңͲˣȿǻṦģ۱ȲˣԼȥˡ
ҶС˵꣬ѧſһߵĸ޶ԲԴ佱һҲֻܳ԰ؼʱ̻ܵãζˡ
޶ķԸûгȥңңֻǰצһͷ̧۲ؿţҶСĿ佱Ȼûеڵʳʵݡ
ݴһѾγ˲ӵӣһģֿ˫һϣԶԶؿϵңңٺЦǰɽˮɽԽ밡òװҵһҿ㻹Ķӣ


17 ϻս
ҶСſڲݴжԽȻ˵ǡ
ëǣ
ҶСһȥûȥңңߣҸܵĵطȶǻҲˣڴصģʱٴңңͭʡ
ëǣ
ҶСŤͷֵصô˵
ëǸжһסҶС֣磬尡뿪ĲʹΣգԼˡ˰ɣȻƽʱϡģɲɵ԰á
ҶСü֣
ëǵ磬۶ˣզ˼
ҶСǺ֣
˦ëǺ֣ҶС˳ץҰݲ˲
ëǵ磬ģģǧգñһʱʱҪͷڹǰôȥǣңңߡ
ҶСЩģëˣŵĺôѶȵ
ҶСȻжëǵϣǴʺţһëڽҶСİţҶСԭأԼһߣ׼ʵʩյмƻë۾˳׼ȻоĴЩȥӣȻһë׵Ķ
ݴ϶һĿ¡ݵɵһһ£ͬʱȥһǣһңǾߣ˷ҲΪƴģǶδô¡
϶ͷֱ˼һ϶ûһʱõĲĥ˵ľɱֲҵ̶ֳȣҲЫʺһݶˡ
ݴʯͷ̽ͷȥ˿ɽһʯͷһ߶Ƚţϵͺһ壡
϶˳ȥͬʱ²Զ໡һУ¨˻ȻŤͷȥͼëǴӲݴһ˫ëȣƵϴдУѽѽëë氡
һȥҶСĿɿڴѾȥ϶һһȷӦ϶Ҫ
˵꣬ŷľ׮մʯͷȻվ𣬿ҶС¶ϲɫңң
Уһ˫Ѿһ£һ֦ϣȵ˫ֻ΢΢һţˡһһ֦Ҷȥֱȡʺ
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Ȼһȴֹжɽӡһ龰ҲǴ󺧣֮³һ亹һԾεһɨȥ
ȻһȹȻɨӣȴһɲƱɱңңűһ߷ɣʱ֦·ڤļͻȻƿʱգͻأسǰ
ֻǵӰһ̽ʺңңŴһ˫ֵ۾ͷͻأֵʱɽӵһǱɨˣһȺ߶þȫʱʺмûκεֵͱһɨɳȥֻߵƷƵƮ¡
ѽѽɡɻ˲ˡ
ëֻֽǺݱˡСëë棬ղ˳һȻһֻëëץϣʱһƤҲƲסҲһͻ˴£òڡ
ӦҲƲסʱֵĺ˳ƵģΨһľһĴһߺ˾䣺ɻ˲ˡ
϶һ˷ݡʱɵżľ׮ҪǱ¨˵ģʱɵﲻ֪ǺãǱ¨˿ɲһǰһȭؿڣ϶۵һҽб㵹ɳȥعɽ¡
ҶС龰һ͵سȥɽһŰ£͵ǰһᣬӵңңߣһְļͷȵСģй֣
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ҶСʧʱȥѾ¶ѡֻȡһĻᡣ¨˼֪سЦһ桰ৡǰһָ
С磡ңң־ϲŤСӾɽӵ֣ɽεؿļ򣬿ϲӣͻһȵɱ
¨˱ѵȻǰָͷ͵һݣʱ׹ɱáССǰˣɱСС㻳ġ
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ԣ¨ȫ䱸ƷȻѾλãԴֲδ˵ⱳ¨ԸҶС죬Ķ֮·ӦٶۣƷΪһɫᲶ׽ˣⱳ¨ͻȻ֣ôҪĺ󳾣ڴҶС֮ǰһغˡ
Ҫߣ
ҶС첻ɱһƮȫӦ֮յļ֣ɽӵϣȷѡɽһЮңңĿ޺չαǰȥ¨ŵ˵кתУŶ˸ֺͶֵϤ̼ʧӰ
ʱëǲžԶضҶС磬Բסҡ
ҶСңңʧķ򣬶ƺڻ˺ѷεĿҶСҡҡͷǺҡǺңң㲻¶Ҳ޷ȫġ
ëͷͻȻعζȣղɱңңǱӣΪɶɱңң
ҶСҲӦŤͷ£϶ǶߺģûҶСĿһ䣬ȵ
ݶʯۿ˹⾰һȥո˳ͱһӲĶסˣһ𣺡ǰߣ
ëܵ϶ߣݺݵһţװ㣬
϶ʹҡ߹Ƕˡ
ëǵɫɱأðǲϽԼذҪȴۣԺ󶼲ÿ֪ꡣ
϶ôϧ񡱵ĺֻúߺߴߴëѺҶСʱҲ˵£ӾʯԹ߳һһҶС졣
ҶС쿴ݣ⣬ٿǸŶ̵񹭵ˣҶСһ֮ȴ¶ȻЦ⣺Ʒֵܣ


18 
ҶСƷɵ˵ͷûж˵ʲô»ǳ̸ʱҶС׿һң°ߵķĽ޷ȥ׷ˣô죿
ҪңأΪʲôôһ˶޷Ϊ׷ɱȻֹݵģܷŹǣҲʵɱǣǾҪŪԭί
ƷҶС˼˵Ҷ磬㲻صģߺˣ׷ϣ
ҶСжپһ漴;Сȱ˲˼£ͷһ޶֪ʱѾ߹ĴԴҶСȣǴߴԼȥ׷ң
ҶСиǴ󶨣лƷڴˮĳɫ֣и޶ֻȮ°ңǸģǾȸݵ˳ԭɡ
ҶСݣ£ΪҪɱң
ݴͷɥԴһԲ
ҶСͻȻס죬һֱȥͻȻֺŸѾ±ԵȥȫҶС쾾ûеȥɺȻ
ҶС쵱ˮңһ·׷ɱԾͷѺǣ˿̾ԭģһֱ׷ɱ˴ǻðɣҶСҧгݵص˵˵
ŵû겻壬һص˵˵˵˵
ҶС˵
ݵⶼǷ˵ķԸǷ˵ķԸ
ҶСǷ˶أĶͷѾˣֺα˲ģңжңѾҴΪҪ׷ɱˣ˵
ݸһԥҶСֱǰһͣŵݼæУ˵˵ҡ˵֮Ϸң
ҶСʵҾͷ㡣
գѾųһ亹ʱ޼ƿʩֻʵˡʵǱ˺ġ
ҶСһ˵Ķ˾ָңҶСѵ˻Сңгһձѩޣ
֪ҶС쾫ڵĻֻǿˡ˺˵ʱ򣬲֪֪
ҶСһšü֪ʲô
ݵ֪ңܲҼүֶ
ҶСһ˵ʲô
Ѿ޿ֻʵϸΣĳʵҲ޴֪˲ûж˵ֻǴӷ˵ĻԼƺ˽ͨԲү¡Ǹ˴ͷҲɵĺܡ
ϧ֪µʱ򣬶ѾһϢȲˣַˮԶ֮ƺѾˡ˾͸ˡ
ҶС﷽ףԭңΪ˰ĸף޸أ֮ȴ˽飬ңǸ˵ĹѪ
˶أΪس谮ңĸףҸֺ֮ңĸס
ܿңĸ֮вʣԹһй¶ʵ࣬˻Ϥңң״ͷΨ⵽һֱ硣
ôΪңѾ࣬һֱû֣ȵңˮ뿪˲ִ׷ɱأԭǳ˶ң׵ļɵ
ңĸõصֶΣΪʣңˮ֮Ѳ˲¼ɣֻ̲ҲҶСϵʱҪˮԭ
Ȱˮ跢ȥˮŮˣһɵʱɼ޻ŰޣңٲûҪϼ꣬һɵȴҶСճǲ֪֪شִӦˮңҶСߣٲ־ԶûлˣŲִɳ󻼡
ҶСǰ׷ʵң׾˭
ݿʵڲ֪
ҶСĿһ䣬һŮֱң࣬ɱңĸײף˵ĸСɣ
һæ޹أʵ޹šֻǷ˲ǲЩ˪ҡҡӦֻҪ˵ʵͷҵģ
ҶСһһصûھͷ㣡
ҶС͵һ֣ݡزҽֱֻ۶ʱ÷糵һ㣬ϧǶסӣ˴һƳĲҺ˰
϶״ŵһƨϣҽеҪɱңҪɱҰҾΪ˻ڷԡ
ëǡޡһڣëĸɱԽΪ˻췹ԣ
ë϶±ߣһһ˸߲ҵضҶС磬СҲȥ㽻Ͷ״˰ɣ㿴ɱˣҲɱˣ۸Ĺϵǲ͸ˣ
϶⺻ŵû겻壬ͻȻشǱɱңҾ͸һ£
ëͣסŲ͵ʵ˱ۣ
϶ɥҪбܻô𣿡
ëǵǿ˵׼뵱ʰ˱ôһ鹷ͷۣüʮذѽѽӹǽһңġᡢҲ̶á
ҶСһƿ󷢸пëǣض϶ʲôҪ˵
϶¸ҲйϵҪ˵ˣϷң
ҶСܸɴص˵ͷã
϶۰ƮƮ⣬ӵصǶŰɣ
ҶСЩ̿ٷϻٲ˵ھͷ㣡
϶æ˵˵ҪķңҲ˵
ҶСָ죬֣صصҶĳ췢ģ˵ʵ飬Ҿ㣡米ģ
϶һ˵ãҾ˵
ëǡꡱһϽŤͷȥԣôǺˡ
ë룺绹ƻ㲻֣ⲻаôҪ㽻Ͷ״ģҪ㶼ɱˣܷô¶Сӿ湻ġ
϶һ·׷ҶСҵˮңͼɱˮʱȴɱǶѦ¶ҶС˵һ飬ҶСʱסˡ
ë˸߲ҵصϼһ˰ѽѽǾȻһ£ŤͷҶСɫԣëǸϽ͡
ƷüҶС磬˲ɱѦǵ㣬ڣѦҲġ
ҶС˵ͷëǵҸӣϡ
ëϲϣ°֣ʱֻҸӰϣʰǷġ
ëһ˵һ˳ȥˣ϶ˣе˵ղŷֻҪ˵ˣͷŹҵġ
ҶСһص˵Ļһ֣Ҹղû˵ɶʱ㰡Բԣ


19 ɫ
Ĵɭ־һгصգϡŹֲֵ֮ʶƺֻͬĽŲǲʱͻᷢǻ̵ֲһЩ
ǰǴӴι״ܣƷǰ棬һζмϸͻȻ˹ɿԮϣɫƵļߡ
ֻ˶ĢĸҶУһȥǱ߾мֻڴļ׳ӸĢƵţ㷢ડʾ
˲ܺϱĴȱȽǣҶïܵĳ̶ȣưôʱվҲܵһ㡣г˺ݳ޵ĶԸоѿһֱգҲİ쳣
类µֲҶˣ֪ٲҶó˸̤࣬ȥ˵̺ġҶСѺ϶ëǶе㲻ӦȮǰĻƷɺŬѧϰȮĸ޶ȴǳӦĻ֪жٴθϡŹ֡οܲ󣬵ؾ綾Ǳֲߵġ
ҶСΪʲôǰĻʵۡǧ˾Ϊʲôʼʵۡۡ棬ֱ쳣Եı̫棬ƬϵԭסԼͬزȡߣǲѣԲñ
ֵطñֱһجΣӮҲһõجΣʮ˵Ĵս޷ʵ֣СģĽӴսֻڲռʱռռ˺͵£ԶԷóսʽӲ
ҲһӴĵ۹ͷ𣬵Ľսľ޴ģ˾޴ģ㲻ֵ۹촦ҲԪˡ
Ʒڵϸ۲һƬ˼̤ĲݾȻ˷ܵص磬ߵѾ׷ˣǲԶˣ
ҶСҲ˷ëصƷֵܣȹӻ鰡Զų
Ʒ֪ǸˣֻЦЦû˵
ҶСƷֵȷʵǸˣССͣϿմ˶ʮŶʮ
ëǴʧɫİ
ҶСȻڱǿˣرΧʱɱʮ˸ˣٺؽΣָɵټǰǸһɲǶʮô
ƷɵؾʮˡҫǺھһĸԡ
϶һûôһò꣬Ȼɱʮ˸ˣֱɱ˲գ۵ħͷ֪ˣǶҲ˻ţⶼǵʲôš
ҶСʮˣҲ֪ô
Ʒɵľһɱһĸ
ҶСǶǰˣô֪ʱ뿪أ
ƷɵûУֻڳ֮УѾһ⣬û˷ء
ҶСŬţľĸ
Ʒɵľֻææ⣬ľĸɡֻҪľĸ͸һ뿪أŴߣƫƫ֣Ҳ֪Ҫȥһɱˡ
ëǵ磬ƷֵǵӵĲϰݶˡ
ë˳ʻƷɣװɶбɣ
ƷֵؿһۣɱˣֲȷҾˣҷʲô
ë˴ĴֶҶС磬ƷֵܲǵӵĲϣǵ񡯵Ĳ϶ġ񡯣һ
ҶС쿴һۣûص˵㾿ǱӺǵӣôһ֮ĵԣ
ëֱ׳صΪǺԲĽǵ簡
ǰƷͻȻվסˣһ·նĵɫѿ
ҶС췢״æô׷ˣ
ƷҡҡͷһһصǡΧˣ
ŻƷɵ仰ΧһζͻȻ桢Ҷ桢쵵ĲݴԺ棬ͻأðʮӰһľݵĺƵģֻһƤȹȹʾŽţ¶ʹȺģͿͲʵҰˡ
ҶСͫ׶Ȼ⣬ǾȻϲ˴򽻵أ

ҶСĵؽ͵ǲðկǸһ·ġ
һڵߴһҶСûɫҲû˵ʲôҶС˵ƱȻţôСһŮ°ˣ׷
ɫڵߴһëǼˣѽѽ˵ˣ˶в˵ӳԱǵⶼ˵ɶɳˣ˵զ
ëǴɤһ˵µ˻ΪҪŵضǹƽһվԶЩԹҶСϽ˫֣ǲᷴģҲҪ
ҶСתëǣûص죬㲻˵
ë㬵ص죬˰ɣðͣð˰ɣ˶һͬѼҪöŹء
ʲô
ë˵䣬һöŮ𣬼Ƭ޴İŽҶһǹһŮڼֻͬȹɫڵͬ£һС߹
ҶСһˣʱǰһ񣬻ǻݻǲݣֻΪʱԵҲͦˣҲˣҲˣݣˣչ
ҶСϲĴֵ
һģټԲͨΧЩǹֱƽǱˡëöۿűӼ·ǹ⣬һص磬ɱŤˣϾҪˡ
չҶС죬һ˫Ĵ۾ʱֱˣĶһƷɶһЩ򵥵֪ںֹЩ磬ҶС첻ұˣԹվҵصǾȿѹҵһ˵ˡ
չڼͬߵҶСǰۣصҵɽ֣㶼׷ػ˵ɺϣ
ҶСЦȷʵɺϡ
չһʿ˰֣ߴ˵˼ЩƺĻǹԶҲѹˣëؿڣ߹ն磬ҲŮ˰
չһ˫۵ʱɵԲݺݵؿëǣŵëܵҶС챳Сֹ磬ɩӿеװ˵զİҲа
ҶСûص죡תֿչЦһǸˣ˵̫ŵ㲻
չһ°ؿҶС죬ܰصʵܵʲôˣ


20 
ҶС㻹ǵɽʱ·ׯǻ˼ҰɣǸվڳϵСŮ
չǵãŮô
ҶСһϣڳ˵ѵĶˣ֮ٲӴ˵һѣҪȥԲֱһҲ޷Բ˵
ҶСӲͷƤŮʵҵŮ
չһȻˡЦģҶС̾˿ԭҲ˵ѣΪұȢŶģĻ˵ŮҲΪ
չü
ҶСǺһǸŮӡ
չԽԽͿ⾿ô£
ҶС˵
չȻһЦΪһػĵУٳҲ˵ϸףҾͰ㽻Ǵãˡ
չ˵תߣƮƮһĻ仰Ȼ˵ģȻЩ÷ĳìţʾǸߡ
ҶСͻƷɡëǳ˼ҵķ²ѺԼķ²϶չԶһȺ߶ȾѺţïܵԭʼɭС
ǰһ᫵ɽССֶյشһǰͻػȻʣһֱʵɼͻȻȡ˸߰ܲĳһӲӵɼķ϶ƬͶӳڱ̵Ĳݵϣ侰ƻá
ɼȺ߹ȥҪ߽ɫɼֵĿȲף߳ȥͿһ޴ɽȣһտĺˮ̲졣
ˮľͷһٲԶԶľٲ޴ĺٲƬɫɽ֮䣬·һϾɴϴǺ̲ٲ׸ߴȻ¼ڶ£ڿγһ߲ʵĺš
߲ʺŰڿУ֮£֮ϣȻһƻֺĹԶԶģ͸뵵ܿǸߴֱʯԼׯϵʯס
ʯ׾ͷʺ֮£һεĸߴͬͳʽȻͬʯƾ޴һŹװεĽ̻Ի͵Ż򴰻һƵ⣬ϷȴһԲι
ҶСɴ۾ȵؿⲻŵһĻ
漣ֱ漣
Щ˵ëѪҲˣ·ûУȴɽ֡ͱڼ俪һΰ׳۵ľ޴ʯƹ
ҲⲻǽĹֻżȻǷ֣ɡ˭ｨһǧ˼ֻЩ˭ܶӴｨһܲϹ񻰴˵еȰɡ
ҶС쿴һԼԼϤУƺĶƵĻĳһµĽֻһʱȴ벻
չƺоҶС˵𺳣ֻ֪ҶСɽͻȻһʥãһеȵ𺳣ȻһЦȻǹĵã˼Ҿס㲻ûɣã潨ġ
ҶСĿ棿ǡʲôʱ£
չҿ㲻壬Դӵһ߽ʥѾʮߴˣôҲһǧ⾰˰ɡ
ҶСͻƷɺȻһۣë۷ŹؿƻֺΪľ޴ʯƹúƶǸһб

ҶС챾ΪչǴ𺶵˭֪߹հ˹յģȴһƬéͣסˣֲȽϵͰһЩéݾɢҵؽƬϣǵס
ҶС˱һԿһЩƺƽʱ˾ۻãﶼôִԭľƳɣªӡ
չһþ޴ԭľڶɣШíȻһĴϣ΢΢бţϥǴªִķ֣°ͣҶС˵
ҶС̾˿֪һҲ޷Σ뿪ǣε˾ݣδˮң뿪ȴΪʷȫչ˵һ顣
չʱЦôʱעҶС⾭νۡνʣ˵ʵһʤĹ¡
ҶСһֱ˵ӵʷϼͭʣų˿صˮôڶˡ
չһ˵˼䣬˱ժһֻͲݸҶС죬ҶСӹ˵ع˸ˮչ⾭ʵ棬˵Ƭܱ֮ôԲȴţ˵ʵˡԶĴӾܳǳԾ˿ͷء
ҶС̾˿ЦƶɮԶƶרȥ׵ġһ·ȻҪžŰʮһѣ
չûͶ򴫡ҶСƤҪңһֵø¸´Цˡչ㵽ͭˣôܵˣ
ҶСҪ˵˵ûҪæ
չ뵽˵ľ漰ԼĲ֣ÿһʦ󶼷ãղѣ°˵컨׹Ҳæˣ
ҶСְͭʣѦţηʱң°ߵľ˵һ飬ȻϿҵصѾͷ˶ⶣʵҿЩϵǳҪæǡ
չҲ֮ģˬӦãһ˵һͷظ˵˼ʲô첽ȥչοҶСģǵĵֻ̣Ҫ˻û뿪ǵĵؽ磬һᱻҳ
ҶС˵ÿڸΪ仰æϲлл
չʱһףҸող˵ʲôˣôôʹشӦˣʱһ˵Ȼ𣺡ã˵˴˵أץסˣ
ʩʩȻ˽һҶС죬ʱһ㶣ʷ㡭˴˵أ
ҶС쿴Ű죬ɫ첻õصʷʲô飬ôĳô˴ô
ҶСЦˣֻ룬ҪѸղŶ˵Ļٴͷβ˵һ飬;ͷʹ
쿴˿չã˵ʲôˣΪһ˵Ҫͷʹ
չ͡һЦ˳վҲý˵ɡ
չߣߵҶСʱͣӣ˵ڴ˵ȺһϢҾ͸㡣
ҶСոձȭͷδ񣬾ߺһ˵˵ҶСȴƺһĸоҶСע⵽չͰɫϳ
ֳϣҵѣʲôĵļϸ
չ˵仰ú˵ģӲģԵüΪá
⻺߽һˣͬͨսʿͬһϮۣʽЩһӡۣǰһƵɲĳΣҶС쿴⸱ӣͻȻʯһͻȻ׷ΪʲôΰʱһϤĸоˡ


21 ɵ
ҶСȻھʱ󴫽ʿǵĽãȻǽõĹģɶԶֻ˵ǺᣬǽڽĳЩطϣʽȴͬġ
˿λ۵糤ϣǰҵĹ׹һʮּܣɲһѵ󴫽ʿ
ҶСеʱƴҲ̫˰ɣѵһɺϣǧǰڽʥ˲Լͬزͬһֶڽͷװ˼·֮ʲô
˵ɽЩ󴫽ʿ֮ĳϵĻҲδ̫Щѵ˵һǧǰйдʿ̣ܵһͷôƧĵط
˵ĳ׽̴ʥһʱį޵ˣѪ֮ƯܵȥһȺСܣʱֲ֪꣬νܻضˣ
ҶСڸʱǸչΪֵĳѾȻ˽һ˫۾ҶСϡ
λֳĸݣЩѿ˵ƣܸܳߣЩݣŨܵĳһסҶСӥһ
и֣ǹ°˴֮һ֮ԳΪ֣Ϊһƣרżڲĳ֮ǰ߸ϰ粿ͷǰҲһ֡
ֺٺٵЦһ󣬵չ̴ڼ置£ְҲҲͰˣȻ粻ˣϾԨԴ񣬿ȴǲӦġҺܻɣһٳɽ˽кͼı
Ϊչ˵ǺλֳϱҲ˵˺Ȼ粿ĳϣȻ˴򽻵ЩϺȴʱҪȥ߶߶ģȻǱҪѧһԡ
չŭͼıкͼı
ЦȻͼı̴ˡ
չŭɶص̴ǹ˼ҴϴµָּҶԹһηλ
Цɲ˵ĸƤѽˣ񴫳֮ǰ뿪Ѿڴڼ䣬κ˽ˣǺΪ֮
ŭƾʲôҵҲƣ
Цƾҵĵ̣ƾ˴֮ΪŶǺǺǡ
Ц뿪ˣëͷҶС簡Ц̫ѿˣ˾
ȻëһۣӢͬλֵܺ۹⣬մ
Ǳ߶ԴᣬչͷҶСʵڶԲסֻˣ̴˵
ҶСƵʵʲô̴У
չ̷ˣǹĴˣҲǸ𾴵ĳߡÿһ֮ǰӦǰ׼ع񻳱ʱָļ̳ˣΪһߡ
ҶСüʵ̫һ
չࡣ
ҶСȾָ̳ô
չȻǣֻڼٻʱ򣬲Żùָʾ֪һ߽˭Σһ˵߻Ӱ˴ѡΣʱҲήͣѡ
һߵļˣһˣʱںԺأͱѡΪߣϷۣʥһ֮£֮ϵߡ
չˮϵһָ㿴ôʥϵȼһɹỤ̃һ߹ˣסµ綼׷׸ϵݼµߡµ߻Ϸֳֻۣƽʥȣվڸ߸ߵʥϽ˵Ĥݣ̴һȷǾҲɸˡ
ҶСǡһߣʲôʱ
չһŹֵǵô
ҶСǵǣҪǲǾͲ뿪ˣҲ뿪ôȥң
չӣԥɲ˵һ߸ӦԼعǸ׷ǰ׼̹죬ӭ߼λǴ̲꣬Ĺ졣
ҶС󾪣ꣿƹϲ˶ˣ
չΪѵص¡ּȻģҲ÷뿪Ͼ޶˵Ҹ״ΪҪ֪ȻĸλֻԼЩ磬ָǵĲ䣬ǶǵĲȴмӰ
˵ȻЩһģᰴҵ˼뿪ǸСѾͷôҰи粿ѰҰɣ˶ڣܱһäϹҪࡣ
ʱֳпܵļߣܽ¶ʲôԭӰļ̳УǿҪ뿪һ׼ġ
ҶСּǵ˼ҵĵ̣Ҳûа취ҶСֻŭصǾ˵ұǸֻᡮŶǺǡİ׳ոˣ
չңҵĿˣԲߣ粿ڣһܵõŴΪġ

ҶСŭ·ϣëԶԶ׷ţɾţ磬磬ȵȰ
ƷһԲֻԶԶظҶС죬֪ҶСͷϣֲƵˣ޷԰οֻԶԶšĹ͵ûˣ˿Ҳǳֿȭ
ҶСڴŭţЩѾչҲûֹвٸˡ˺ͺڻЩԵҰһ㣬е˴ŴȴࡣЩСޣȻɽ񣬲ݳֻҶСͷϣȻҲȥЩСõˡ
ǰһСϪϪϼ˼ִԭľһųҶСŭͷСŶ桰ۡһ죬ӹľԺ߰˸Ů١
ҶСһĪҪٵæڳһ񶷵ƣһ˼˶ڣǵһ󺺣Ŀģһ·һ㣬ֻһƣסԼҪ
ͼ˴һҶСߣϲϲߴһҶС쿴ģҪˣҲ˵·ҿԡ»סͷֱۣʵ˵ʲô
˴㶣ЦԭλĿ˲˵ǵĻѽҪһ˵ǵԡҽиУ죬ҼҵԵˣҶӵĸɵ
ҶС챻ûͷûԵһ˵ͷת򣺡ʲôǣôĪһҪȥӵɵһɵôôûȥأ


22 Ohmy god
ҶСãȻɵʲôɵ
мҲ˷ףЦһ
ԭ˵һҪ֣ǺҪʽһںӳĵϣҪʦ£ɸĸ游ĸΪȡǰߵֶ֣߲֡
ӳ˺ٰȥϸջĸգϰǰں֡Ժ󣬸ݵλݣٸһ֣ԴʾҪ׶Σꡢ׳ꡣ
ڸոճϿֲݣǺܲģʦҲʱΪ£ղϰߣгҪСȵһ֪˴ϾǹѡĺӵĸɵҪؼȥοӣֱֹͣΪȡ
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ҶСˬشӦУģҸȥ
кܿģЦҵĶɡ
ҶСһĶвһ棬漴Ȼͨ˺ӣҪʦףΪ£ⲿĶݵȻҲͬߴ͸Ӧ֮ˡ
ҶСصߺܺ棬ܽӽߣ߻Լ뿪һ¸Ƿȥˡ
ëǺͻƷɸ˹ΪҪȥԸкܱǸؾܾͬУҶСǶȻشӣŸ뿪ˡ
ҪȥԴɽͼƹȥĻҪԶˣкͼ˰ĸɵȵ뵽˺ߣһ񷤣񷤻ƱƵĺˮ·ƿƽľ棬һ˿ʻ뵵ĺ棬ʻߴΡ
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кͼ˶˵ҶСһֱߣһֱߵǰǸ߸˺ϱʮɵʯƾ£Ҳʲô˳롣
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СҪ㰾ˣȻҲͲ޲ˡ
ҶС죺
߸ߵĵżֻһֺ׳۵ĵã񷶥ƷŮͳìսʯƵǽһߴʮɵľ˵¡ǰĿͷЩһԽ׵ĳ˾һͷ˾˹Сˡ
Ծһĳֹϵ
Ϊȥ󴫽ʿĽòμӹһҶСϾжϣ̫Źˣɽд˹Ź֣ȥһú̽һ
ϣһŮ˱һӤӤ۴ޣŮһ֪ģڵõľͷһʯƵľ޴ţǱ·ʮֻŴסߴն˵Ů
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ҶСҪȢ
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ҶС˼ţ͵͵Щ˵ĸ첲Сȥ庢ӣ޲ˣұȥΪ
ҶСҲǵĹأֻܰո˵ǰȥװ˴žС޵ĸףһɷһǸҵĸɵҶСмһЦѺӵݸ
ҶС챿׾رСӤรСรҪޣͷ︣޶棬޶ģԲԲĴԴë׵Ķβͣرɰ
ҶСһ˵һСްСǸСкüĻһźҲ֪ΪҶСǱԷҶСĹȤС޶ֿ˼ҭֹͣ˿
һ˫ӣؿҶС죬ȻֵźƵС첲ҶСֿ¶Цݡ
ĸϲؿɷһۣи˵ص˼ҵּΥ˹ȻǺעĸɵȥߡ
ߵǰ̨ԣһλʩһ񣬵˵˼ʲôȻһЦתȵȥ֮䣬ǱֻסҪ·סɵĴ⣬ҡ
ҶС춺ŪСһСһԽԽˣٿֻ֣ǵһ˫峺Ĵ۾עҶС飬ʱֿػЦֻСֻһһġ
ͻȻܹ˵һʲôϵ϶ϥأϵҶС챻ĸһ½󣬷ӦæҲźӵϥأȻ͵͵ϱ߿ȥ
ͼһߣͷϴһӲӵķڣһɫķȣϱܴˣϲߣϮŽɫıߣɫߣӲߣҲЩܾ֮ϡ
ڱ£Աһӹķȣ̧۾¿һۣǡ͵ҶСţ˲΢΢һüƺЩھֱ
ҶС壬һöž˵ƻѾʧ̫ˮֻ֣˫۾һüĶһڶгȤĸо
߶ҶСϸ˿ͻȻú˵Ǻ˻ĳ
ҶСһ˵Ͻ⻰𾴵ߣһˡ׷°˿ڵģµĸ״ʦŶִʦ˵Ǽϸ׼ַ̧뿪Ҽȥš
мҶС첻סʹɫҶСҲѵĺûᣬҿߺܺ˵ӣҶС쵱ȻҪץסˡ
ݸһЦαϣһֻŰ׺ӣҶСҲŷϵĹ𣿡
ҶСҡ
˵ҪҲֻ̫Ͼͻͷһѿ˵𾴵ߣŷġȫܵϵۣ
ҶС˵仰ʱע۲ߵɫȻϵ̵ۣӣŷϵۣ
ҶСȻѹˣɶ񸦵˵ΪǴףǽھoƺǵǵʵϵۣһûг䲻Чˡ
ԭϵۡһʱйϹ֮ʱеĳƺ̼̳ƣҲ̳˶λߵoŷǾϵۡ顢徭Ҿ䶼ᵽϵۣȻϵ۲ڽŷһô壬ʵ˵ϵָľ졣
ҶСϽȵˡ˵ʽĳƺСߵģ
Ȼߵģ
ҶСԣߵġ


23 Ȩ֮
ߵģߵġ
૵ظʣͻȻҶС۲쵽һŵ죬룺⾿ʲô˼˵Ϊһδ˵o֣Ź֣ЩȣǿҲ˵ùȥ޷ȷǷ֪ϵˣϼһ˼ò°
ЦЦɫƽˣŶߵģǺηʥ
ҶСʥŷһλѾŴ󴬣ƯǴľλĽɡ˵ٵأ̹ŴˣҲˣŮĹˣŪ˹⣬˺͵ĻҲŸˡ
ҶСһ˵˵ȤͻȻͷЦЦϻصѣ˶¶˳Ծɫ
Ϊ߹ݣϼû¶΢ЦҪ˵ĴЦˣԴ֪Լڽʼְź͸Ӳ¶Цˣ벻ΪҶСⷬЦôġ
߻סЦЦڿտϲϵػصʳָЦ΢΢ҶС˵㣬˺ȤаͷҪͱ죬𡭡ܼį
йشӦһҶС˰пࣺϼһ￪ߵģôȴҪ찡һŸСģҪϵģҾʲôİ
ҶС΢Ц֣Ѻӱɡ
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£Ҳֳֻֽߣӽ˲Ÿ˻ˣλoԽԶԽһĴڣôܻʲô뷨أ
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Ϊǰ˴֮ף߱˲ϲָߵʲôʵϾλߣָԼʱʮֽţ˽ƵƵͼʩӰ졣
ͬʱκԽӽߵˣžԵľ裬ЩҲʩӰ졣չ֮һΪչҵĹϵܲãչϣ֮λġ
ߺϲչСѾͷչ֮չչҵĵԸµߵϲһ㣬Ӱ˼
˸һֱʮ־չֹӽߣھĪðһҶС죬ôͺ͸ϹϵȡߵΣ֣վڸֵĽǶȣȻΪչػ֮ơ
չҹȻͼıģСʮа˾ž˵ͣУѼӿɲܾôˣҵ
ԽԽߵһȻվסŲ룬תֳȥ

ҶСһҷֳ񷤵ˮոմˮ㣬Ϳ԰мӰվʻЩҶС㿴ǻƷɡëǻ϶
϶ǵķ²կĴ͸ľݣûһѣЩ԰һ޼ʵĴɭ֣ûпԹѺ϶ĵط˸ûа²²ĵֻܺëǡƷӰˡ
ˣ߻վˣһ»⣬һ۵㣬չƶʱһ˸ҫ۷
ÿҶС֪ǱչɡչԱǸȻǰˣʻЩһȻöˡ
ҶСӹһ˿ů⣬չȻװͰ͵ģʵǸŵȳĺùԭԲںԼģǻƷɺëǻشһ˵ӭˡ
ҶСԶԶľ֣ëҲ˸߲ҵ񷤿˰չЦӭй˹֣磬á
ϰԭչﰡҪȥô
չƲƲҲŲȥأǱܱɰɣʡÿȥˣ־Ƶġ
пǼһ󺺣ȴǴϸˣ˲ֳϺչҵЩҲ֪һвУֻǺһЦ
չѵģ˵˺ӵĸɵ
һ⻰бЦԭҹյλѰҼ޵Եˣ⺢ӱֲֹһĻϾЦء
չؿҶСһۣ濴㲻ֻŮˣ庢ӡ
ҶСȻ˭ӣûʲôѵҵġ
չЦЦصôأвУ


24 ̫
һ¿ɴҶСѨҶС죬Ц̾˿Ҳû
ëǴͣھ˵簡ͱټٹؾˣͷ߯Ƕ£ãʡ
ҶСһۣʲôԺ˵ֻ뻰ˣ
ëƲƲ˵Ͳ˵ԵŮޣʵ⡣Ůޣ¿ƨͷˣĲŹأָ͵أƫ׼˵α
ҶСװûԸе죬һʱΣ޷뿪˵ˣĵ̣ա
ظģҶӵĸɵҵĵϣңû˸ðġֻ˼ҷ֮ǰɲ뿪˵أһ㻹Ҫ¡
ҶС̾˿аǣʱ׷Ҳ޴׷ˣ°ңѾͷ˾ʲôأְңȥءΨһȷǣңңΣա
дҶС켸ļңȻһ죬ĳЩ滹Žԭʼ״̬ϻǹġ
ΪĸУҲֻǷӱȱ˴Щòʲôûκ𣬶Ǿ͵ȡĵɽдľԺ䲻Ҫ˵ûеΣҾߵľ϶ûٵƽɽҰϢ
Ϊиո˶ӣھ磬Ͳ˶ɽɣŴ׾ƣˮϯѾˣǶȾƳĶǴеڣжشкʾףء
ҲǺˬͬһһкһϯ䴩̫ã̫ãһϯҪ뺢ӵĸɵչǳԾޡ
Ÿ޵һһϵ಼ɫС黨Χȹͷϵ಼ϴŸȦŮ˳жͦΣüۡ÷ǳ¡
ҶСչгû뵽õ֦һˮ顣
չһЦ˭˵ǸеţŮ
ëǵһŮңզ̫أӦýòŶԡ
СŮҲ人ë֣Щصëһۣת˵
ҡȣëǵë֪ϰ뺺ͬЩǡǡ෴ģ˵ýӱŮˣӱˣ̫Ůˣˡ
ëǻȻ򣬵ԭˣѽѽˣȫĵطŶҲ롭
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ʱλ̫ѾߵǰЦǺǺǵŮԸһСŮشӦһݡ
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ë˵ţȲذѾƴյߣˡغһ¶ǣƵλ˴Ĵ磬ëǾҪԼͬëҲȥһƨϯϣܿЩԲͨ纺ӴһƬ
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ҶС졢Ʒɡչͬϯˣ϶󿴿ҿ֪ԼǺãвҶС˵ĹϵЦһʲô
϶˿ҶС죬ûʲôԵ˼ҲӺͬһϯ
ЦС죬ھأλҵϱ̫ãҰѾϣλСֵܾһܵȡ֡
̫ôӦˣÿһ̳Ƶ⣬̳һõ붼ǴյĴ룬ҶС쿴˱Щһ̧ͷͼëһϯž̳ţȻĽͰƹĳ
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̫仰˵ǺֻǻԶȻЩ籾ԵζŸرҶСƻûȣЩƮƮȻˣϸɶӣĸôƯĸŮò׮ⲻ⡣
˺þƣҺþƣƲǼò¶ЩչžͶҶС˵ˣ˵ǸкˬһʱҶС޴ȴҲֻӲͷƤ¹࣬ûԶ٣˸ˮһЩתˡ
һÿպžƣιǸճıӣһЦŶҶССֵܣúúţ˴򽻵Ⱦƿɲɡ
ʱϯ˺ȵøˣվžƳһɽ裬ҶСǳʣӵǼ˳꣬ѾȵεëǱһ̳ӳȥҶСһΪҪˣȴһס˵ĺףͰѾ̳Ӵյϡ
ëⷬٶҶСȻЩ񣬿ЩɽﺺˬȴƢθ׷ִЦɽλҲž̳Ӿͺһ̳Ӿƺ꣬ϡ̡һɣ²ʡˡ
ëǹЦ˵Ƕа죬ء
ڵϺ˯Ȼ˯Ҳëǵ˵ʲôëǼ˲Լֻصԣƿߺǡ֮ԲͨҲ֪Ϊ˵ô֡
¾˹ȥǺƵĺӼ˳ȥͻؼȥҵطЪϢѾȥˣйЦҲչһΨһŮ
չһϽ֣ҲҲᳪ
еȣŮᳪɽģչĶˬˣͲҪƴˡ
չˣֵҡ治ᳪ
գգ۾չݺݵص˻ȥͺȵЦΧ
һЦ¾룬ԾγȣţԸеõȷᳪ裬ɣһס
չ˿Ͻֵðð糪ˡ
˷׷壬վһۿ̫վһߣЦ׸裬׸̫ðɡ
ΪдˣŮ˶δϯȫվһźˮȣʲôϲ䣬ΪеŸո죬˻̫࣬Щ¶̫ޣʱæС˵ģɷǿɰ
˴󷽣ҪԼǺܹʵ¶̫òûӵı֣ǺܿĵЦ߽Щ衣ȴΪ裬һ׮¶


25 ӿڳӿ
ǴֱʶˣģĥƬ̣ɽĵӳ̫ùԣɫױȹ廨ЬȡۺñɽȪˮ̶ʮ塭
һ׸質գЩˮϯĿ˺ȻкãİƵĴӵģ죬Ϊ˵ĸһ㲻գüЦȻԽԽٹ⡣
̫ҲϲĺܣӭΪһƣǰӹƣˬһӮһƬҵеСֵܣǺӵĸɵҲóһף׸裬һƣ͸øˡ
ҶСΪѵص⡭ʵҲᳪɽ谡
չҪɱƵİٰ㲻ϣñ˳²ôϲ죬ӦӦôɨҵأʲôУʵڲᳪߺ߼С
ҶСһ۵ֲߺʲô϶ꡱһЦҶСϽͷͷһ򲻰˵ĻƷҲ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ҶС룬أһʱʵ벻ҸҳϷɡ
ҺȵĶˣŲʲôֻҪеóͺãԷ׷׹ƽкãҶС룬һӣھضϡһãԽϯļµĿʱ
ҶСĳʣڳֻ߿߿ݺȻԩϲ棬бƱߡ֫ƴǰӹ֬ۼǧ˶ۻҿԣȥ졣α˭뵽ɡ
ҶС쳪ǡǡһγǡ죬ƻأϷɡ˭Ⱦ˪ᡣһη̫ˣʺµգҶСȵеɣһʱּǲϷʶͰδʳ˳
ʵҶСֻ㳪һӦһ£췽˵ɽ׸̫õģҶС׸ɲǡȻֲܿ˵㳪̫ȻΪҲ׸ĸ衣
Ǹתɽķྶͥʶɻ۰Ͱ͵ؿչչΣ˴˻Ϥ
չȥϾϷʱҶСһγǻԲѷ̨ЩǶǵĳǻóˣ̫۰Ͱ͵ؿԼ֪æ˵һҶСγʵĺ塣
̫Ů׷ڣòɽҲ֪٣Щ費ǰǱٲȻɽһԼɢľ޸еӡ
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һ¶ǣҶСҲ̲סˣԺؾȥ̫üˣһЦŤͷһС˵˼ǸСñЦ߿ˡ
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˵겻ȱëǱֲ£ϣߺ˴ˣ߽ɴʡ
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ҶСʱ۷ֱǶҡһΣ˶˫Ӱˣʱ̫õǸС߻һ÷̫ýӹݸҶС죬ҶС컹Ǿƣʱľƶ˵Ѿˮ죬ӹһ
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ëǳĺòˣ˴ͷЩµզզǶһȫ˰ɣ
ЩڳʲôҲ֪˵ʲôüɫӣҲ֪Կ䣬Ƿ׷׽кãӴӵģȸղŶҪ̫֡Ϻһһģֻò衣
ʱëǲ֪ļһȻ־ˣ˵ӣ˳㶼զء
̫úݺݵصëǣ۾СӣëǾȻɵضſ뻹־ƣ̫Ŀ΢΢һͻȻתһ̳ƣ߹ȥ
̫ΪһƣȻһЦȫһյɫˣë룬һƹ˵غȹˣھף£̫ðѾ̳ӷŻȥתݡ
ҶСһСע⣬˵ضҶССֵܣְɡ
ʱҶС־ˣ˺˵ΪȰƣָž룬ͷƣơ
籾мʲô͸ʲôֵϰߣֻǸԼΪơĥһ£ƣƶСƶֺãţţ۶ͽСơ
ҶСͷӲصƣԣƣ׾ơ
Сһﱻĸ״Ӹ׻ӹȥᵽĸϤζСһСԴ̹ѽȻ֪ĳƹôظ˸Ҫһ֡ơΪϰԸΪգĶҲҪơһ
ɢ˵ʱҶСëǶȶˣƷɺ϶һ˼һص˸аŸǵסҶСëһɣͰɽҰ˯˰ҹʱ֣Ʒɺ϶ͻȻһˡ
ţѭȥͼëϣ˫۽գ˫ǰȥʱлһʱһ䣺ţӰզôþء
ƷɻΪǺȶ˵λһЦ֮±˯Ϊë˯ϰߣ֪ʱѾԼӰǿˣ¶˳ţƷɽĹؿڣʱͷƤһ飬һ쬵ĸо


26 ֮
ëǵؿڸ߸¡ƤѾ˺ɫ·±һͷҪƵƤ治ס䶯ƤҲһһԵʮֿɲ
ͬʱëǵؿڲϵسɫĳëëڻ˯вʱ£ƺÿһ£ë׳һ֡϶һĻŵһУץסӣݱؿʼս
Ʒɾصʲô
ŵ룬ŲҶС죬ӣѡҶС֮󲻳֣޲УھƷõһˣ˯ҶС˯㣬ȻƷѣҶСʵۣţôˣ
ȻƷɽŵףҶСľһӾˣһ侲ȵ¶ҽŵɫɲסҶСһʵˣ
ƷëָָҶСŤͷһһܳ˭磬ëͿɫˡ
Ʒɣ
϶űӣסӺʹֻ¶һ˫۾սսصǱͿëǸոաոճġ
ʲô
ҶСһо棬æµأмһȼյľߵëǰȥϸ꣬ҶС֮ͷԻûȫѹԺĲŻд˾ٶۼ˹龰ĸ˴󵨡
ҶС߹ȥʱǡëǵؿƤֹͣ䶯һƬƽҶСϸ۲һȣǳϵģһôëˣĪǳ˾
ҶСһ˵һȥ˾ëؿڵëһëؿ䶯ŵҶСһԶеʲôôôҶġ
Ʒͬɽ˴Լ˵һЩйعƵ飬ʱ˹һĻƺĳֹƶĶд˹ЧƷɫصص磬Ǳ˹ơ
˹ƣ
ҶСһǴʧɫղŻȥأһǹƣʱһƤҶС켱æҸģ᲻ᴫȾ᲻ᴫȾҲҲһëɣ
ҶСһ˵һ»ѣԼؽͷãؿڰ𪣬ƽ羵΢΢Щ¡𣬲ûгëƷҡҡͷû˵ƶҲܴȾģ粻õġ
ҶСһŷֿ˿ëǣ⾿ô£˭¹أ
ʱ϶ǼУѾ֮ҶСŵһתȥ϶ͼ϶ݸսָëǵ졭
ҶСһתëǵ죬һëǵ죬ҲһУͼëǵͺȻ֮ͱ㳦ѹһ˵ˣû׼ǳʵʵ鴽ͣ˵ˡ
ƷɫصضҶС磬ô죿
ҶС۷ֱؿëǣ˰ΣͻȻһſڣƷɲ֪ʲôϽ׷˳ȥ϶űӣϵëǣֿſڣͻȻֽһҪңץűӸ˳ȥ
Ʒܳסͼµգ˪أҹɫһƬԶٲҶС찺վɫУ˿˫£ͣչ
Ʒɣ
ҶСһźھŵҹɫз·һը죬ΉһֹͣУΧϵȸһͨҷɣɢڹľɽеһľ˵ƹ⡣
󡭡
ҶСסѵĺΧˡ
ҶСŽվڷǰӰӰ´µĻѹӰȵصŴûôţôһôˡ
ڼ󺺵ͬ߹ԶҶС죬úСֵܣʲô°
ҶСϲӭȥ磬ã˹ƶһ׵ģ
йƣôܣ˭ùư˵űҶС˷䣬ëǴʱѾǻԣǶһȫ֪ѾֳôĶֻʱʱʶһ䣺İ治þ
һëǵؿڣɫһ䣬ʧƣ
ҶСŵصȻ˹ƣҪô᲻ᴫȾ
ҡҡͷƲֻǵȹƶȫƻ˾Ҳ˿˵˻Īǵʲôˣô˸ֹأ
ҶСˡ⻹治˵˵ǺģǵԼҲδ֪ŵ죬Բͨʱأ
ʱ򣬰Ҳͣͬ¹ˣʩʩȻشȺһãһãҶС죬ҹĺұʲôѽ
һۿëǵģŵҲһֽУϽ˺ؿڵȻһˣǳʲôˣ
ҶС˹ơ˵תУ磬죬һа취ɣ
ҡҡͷƺ鷳ģһգҲơɣˣȥ߳а취
ҶСҪƶ᲻ǰ
еûô죬ҹĲȥųϣǵ˵˵꣬оתĲڣʵ֮У˭¹Ƶģ֪ҵĿ𣿸վ
ЩŻѵĴаû˵ʱԶһ˸˸֮ɫԵ쳣ĿҶСϲˣ
ֵصôԶҶ壬Ȼôã
ҶСÿô㿴ģ˭Ƭ̣һ죬߹ĹȻչչһҶС죬ûصҹǺʲôʲô£
ҶС֪ں㻹٣ôˣŵ
չŮ˴´鷳㲻֪𣿡
ҶС̾˿⵹ҲǣһΣûʱô͸ϹѾҺˡ
չؿǲǣộʲô£
ҶСӣëǵģչһҲŵһĿڵôˣйˣ
еţƣƵӴҲ˵˻ȴ֪˭µĹƣҲ̫ˣ֪ҵĿˣҶ֡
չٿȻһĨɫƺ뵽ʲô
ҶСǡÿɫ仯ѿʵµĹƣ
չûصһۣŭƨҸͲ¹ƣ
ҶСɴ۾Ŷ㲻¹ƣ㡭Ƿơ
չһ죬æĿڵҡҾͻһֹơ
пҶС죬ֿչɵص˵ʲô
չϽ⣬һ룬֪˭¹ˡ
ҶС졢͸вԼͬʵ˭
չȻ̫ã


27 廹ϵ
ҶС쾪̫ΪҪë¹ƣ
չëһҪඡ
ҶС쿴˿ëǵ㳦죬չЦ㿴⸱ӣŻ˵ô˵ֻµ˰̧촽Уù͸ǰɡ
չһ˭ڲԣôĸġ
ҶС󾪣ô˼ҳ費ҹҪ˼¹ôҲ̫Ե˰ɣ
չֺֺЦصҲ˵質˵ĸ˵׸˼̫õĸ裬ȴʲôˣ˵˼ҹ˲㣬ô
ҶСſڽ࣬Σŵôȷ̫ӦˣȻʣҲúͿֵزɣʱ˵׸׸̫õģ
չ룬ʱûע⣬϶ѿ˵˵׿˵׸Ҫ׸̫ãġ
ҶСͻƷһݺݵص϶ʧԣæ°ͣԹ˵һߡ
վһѾף˵ëǶԼŮһδĻƻŮ˵ĻɫѾܲõس
ҶС찵п࣬ȴֲۿëǱưͣ˵ưͣŻɰһЩֻЦеǸҶСû˵һ𣬸в˿ڣӲصӣҾͲƽˣҼҰɡ
ҶСҪ
е⻹ǿӣȻƵˣҵŮ
ҶС첻˵ֻΨΨǣдˣЩûʲô£Ҳɢȥ˵һǷҲϱô˻ȥˣһʱֻʣҶСͻƷɡ϶ˣһԲѵëǡ
ʱëʹˣǷҶС졢Ʒɺ϶ΧԼžͷԼؿʹ泤Ũܵë֮Ҫʸ뿪˵ʱŷ촽ľѾ͵ȫ֪
ҶС˵촽˵ģֻûпŵñ˰æŶѣëһ־촽һ촽ؽԩûаûó
ҶСǲǳʲôţ
ë촽
ҶС˼Һö˶һδĻƻŮ˵˼˵ô˵ôҪ㳪ҲУ㻹׸˼̫õģôôأ
ëǼˣûа˵˵ˣ˵ˣ˲Ǹ˰˾ǡǿһﳤƯ󷽡ˬʡ
ҶСǼҿ˼ҹ˵˼˰
ëǵ
ҶС죺
ƷͻȻ׹𼱣
Ʒɶëǵ˵ǹ⣬ǿ˼ҹã˼Ưÿֱˬһʣ
ëǵ
Ʒɵ磬Ǹˡ
ëǵɲڰǸ´˾ǿ˵ģ¶ˡ
ҶСŭطȷʵЩ˼šģ˭װ˼ҹ˵ëǳǷ˵ģ
Ʒǳ鴤˼£磬˵ġ
ôҶСЦҺȶˣǵˡ
ëطɧ㲻ʰţϹͰⲻôܳë˭˭ˡ

һ磬฽УҶСʹë˸еļңҶСëȵ棬ԼڼУϵ˵һ顣
ɽ߶棬Щطͬһʻ˼ȷʵྶͥϸëҲȷʵûԼŮҶСĽͣŮ̫ûǰ
ŮǲµĹƣ̫õ̹ף̹в䡣оͰѴҶСǶĽͶŮ˵һ飬̫öҶСĽЩŰɣҶС컹Ǻкøеģټи׳ͣǿ˵ͷӲĺɵɡ
ҶСϲϽȥëǻëһ̫ñսսһݵС޶ɷҪµĶ࣬ҶС컹ͷһؼôԣ˵Ҵˡ
̫վؿëһۣżȥ¹ŵһ㣬̫ĽСŽżֲǿҶСЩæǰժ
̫óҶСһЦллɵ
ҶСȫȻûôʱֵĸоˣëϵĹΣҶСе㷢ëȴֲұ¶Ǻֵ̫΢΢һЦԳ緶
̫ôǴϲһһ㴩ϣ⵽ëǰһȦһֻϰȥëӲͦͦվǶһҲҶͷϽ߳ĺ顣
̫תһȦƻëǰ
ëƨҷһ۳˾ʮȣ̫ðһң֣Ӳĺȥ߳ٲʱ򣬰ժ
ë¶һȿ޻ѿЦǣлл̫ãлл̫á
̫غһתҶСʱ¶ЦɵҪҪҼҳͣ
ҶСϽֵһϣȻȥ
ҶСëͬһ˸ǣææߣ߲ԶҶСŤͷëһۣصף촽ʼˣȸղСء
ëǰһԲĿбӵǰߣҶСæ׷ȥҲ֪Ƕô˵ҵʱˡ
ëǺذڰ֣һԲҲ࿴ҶСһۣ촽⶯żǰСҶСЩɺٶ׷ȥëСţʮʮ߲ʮˡ
ҶСȻʧЦֻҡҡͷëһһȥСűߵʱչһʵشӲ·߹һëֱü۵ľڿЦ̫ð˹
ëĿбӣһŲӹţҶСվסŲչֵлѣҪȻǻôأ̫Ѿ˹ƶˣҪٲ׵㣬˲ӣԲҴ𻰡
չЦѵãѵôʵô
ҶСȻʵҶԹһֱĺܣֻʱĻͱͷκΣ
չһۣôԵ𣿡
ҶСٺһЦֻܶ룺֮һ˵ԲԵ
ҶСһ£æҹ˵㲢¹ƣеķơ
չϴĻ˭˵Ҳ᣿Ҿͻһ֣ȷ˷ƣ޽ģͲҪŻκˡ
˵ĵڶëѾ֮ţǰߣ߳ԼʮչһƬľԣǰͻȻһˣ󻹴ǹĸֳϡ
ֳϴҶС߼ëǣͣסŲȻʵǸҶСأĶ
ëۿҪٲˣ±һ֣ҲҴӦֻǰͦصǰߣֵüëĵô׶һǰҹ׹ǰ㣬ʲô̵ģ
ִЩŭ㻰أҶСģ
ëǰڰֱ֣ü۵ش˹ȥ


28 ̸Ʊɫ
ּëưգȵվס
һϴŭϰεȥ
İپʮ˲İپʮŲٲ
ëٲٲһҲëǴӲժ㣬һӣȻӹĹĵģɾһ̫ΪʱǱӣôܶӹĹģ
ëɺض£ϸ㣬˳ʰһľͱ£СİӴˣͻȻİɫСӴȿֺëŵһϸߣתܡ
ֵ׷ͼë˦ëȣƮƮܻ¶¶ˣҰ˻ҰˣɵһǻûŻأôų⸱ԣ
ëǿһ㣬ɫشӰöӰװֵĶ˵ĳӰ
ëһ߽һ֡˴񡱣ֵ㵸ëҪ𣬺Ȼһۿ㣬׳ӴɻȻŶơ
¿ëǼۣʵ˸¹ô
ëǸոѯʣʶؾ˵һ䡰ƨ¡ͻȻϼһһھͽгˡơ֣ͷһݣϼһҲ¹ưɣʲôĳһ¹ơ
ǻǰëǶԹƶһ˵һмһˣȴǾηĪѧ˸ԣʵʵشǣŮ̫ø˹ƣһһŸ˵ǽаٲٰ㶪˲ӣԡ
ֵŶԭˣٲֻһŵʱ䣬վԭعʱˣ㶪ҲˣһҪٲ
ë̵ʲôʱˣ
Ȼǵڵĳ㸹ʱ䡣
ëǴһЩӣڰģ
΢Цŵ˵ͷëŻ
ֱҪģֻűÿëŻ̫ҲţȰ㲻ҪŻˣЩʱ⸱ӣҪˣڳǾͲǹƣűͨӵģʲôöĵأ
ŻŻ
ë³ӣһ˵ЩĳʱڵӻҪģǴŻŻվһߺòƣܲһŻһߺԼ˵ɣǶģùϣվһŻ£񻰡
ۼëŻû꣬ҡҡͷת뿪ˡһߣëǾֱĳӲ٣ŻҲ٣ȴһļ٣Щˡ
ŸǾ仰ˣ֪ϼһҶС첻⣬¹ƣŶԿˣһСȸһߣӣ·ɱȥ
ƣԹžôһ֣Լʱ򲢲ڳ置ҲصԭδţֵʥҲᴴôһˣֻ˷չĻͬ置ط˶ѡ
йĶ֣ƫƫڴ桢ǭһΪʢУֱĩڴսʱй˹õĵϣȴձ󣬻̲ˣʱڴ볯ʣͳǵı־
ƣϱһ֣±һ֣֮⣬ӷڣΪѡʵҲˣ˾ǰ඾һǻʳֻδĶ˹ơ
ȻʵϵĲô򵥣лطֻ˼򵥵ĽܣֵȻҲ֪֮ʱʱѾˣġݸĿѾɣݡҲᵽ˹ƣԻȡٳУ꿪֮һ澡ʳ棬˼Իơ
ȻʱҲ֪ƵǺϺһˣֳɽҩٲݣӴĻȻ࣬Եݡʱڱ˵һרζҩ
ʵֻݡô˵δġηƴġǧ𷽡Ҳᵽ˹ƣơ¹Ƶķùβҽҽҽ̸Ķùβ
һѪĶ١һ岽ĶߣЩҽǵд̸̸¶¶ʱʲôɣҪαЩҩ̶ȵطĶԣֻὲֶһЩ֢
ͬΪƳ˵Ŀӱڡʮע衷ȴᵽ˹Ƶһ棺Զҩҩˣ˲֪ߣν֮ƶ
ϰߴҲβģסɽ֮УԶӣֶ涾ֶ࣬жǼҳ㷹СߡĹƸֶ棬ԾͰȫĶ࣬˲ʦʲףþǵְҽϰĿҲڴˡ
չҶСܵݣչȻʵ󲿷ҲչϾ˵һӣټңյľͶЩ
չϰĶǸˣһΪ˸βθֶ棬Ůϰ˹ҲһŷļգŮǡ޳ȥĹóȥˮɷ۸ҲǲܵŮȥΪģҲּ£ҪϣΨϰ
ҶС룬ϰйöɷ֣ô첮ҲͲô˰ɣҪȢŮߣһп֪ڷˮ߾¹ƣӴ˹ԹѱҶСëȻĸо
ҶСҿë˹ƶ֮״֮˾ϰǲǴ޵ˣ
չҪԼѪģҪ׽ܶ඾棬ʱһӶȫˣôͷʮʱ⣬һֻƳ棬ù֮ûˣҪͷΪɱ˵ôס
˵ˣҲ޵еģ¼価ʿ̫̹ҪΪǻֵĸԴһǿļɻ䣬ϧ۷ǧ¾֮ˣǵòʧ
˵ţֱԶë·죬дʱѾˣֻվֱ͵͵ţЩŪļһëΪη塣ſţëͻȻ֣ƺҲˡ
ּҶС죬ư°ͣҶС죬ԭ
ҶСֶ֪Լе⣬üͷԭǸֳϣʲôô
ֵλ˵ʶЩ棬Ҫ㡣
ҶСֵص˭Ҫң
ڴ˵ѾǹˣܱΪ˵ģʲôˣչѾ׹ЦҪʲôԼ¶棬ȴùϣȴѶô
һ죬߳ŭصչôԶԱϿڳѷҡǽȥҸģ˳Ŷѡ
ҶСչʵ˵Ĺʲôˣ
չ˸һۣ˵˾ǰĴеΪȫֲ֧֣ҰĲΪһߣ㲻ᣬ˿۸Ǻˣ
չ䣬Աб㴫һЦչĳʱѽɼһĳҲϲء


29 
ҶС챾ΪչǸ۸С˱ضͷĿȴϴ߳ľȻһ졢ӢˣĿǣĶţŮΪ֮Ķһ
ͬһĳĳվһҶСᡢò꣬վ̫ԱߵһǳͱеĹԡ
ˣƫƫ㿹ܷ֮⣬ˣӦһ־;ȡ˵ĹʡֻչòƲŮˣŮһΪ֮ķӣûһԵӣ¶Եĵ
ǸʩʩȻ߹ķǳݣҶСע⵽ֻһϮɫڵĻƵϸͿɾһɫϣȴȴһɡ
һȾһ˿ң˫ѥӣɫѥԵûȾһ˿ҳ˰ി׵ŮӱΪ˶ѹӣҲܹһָо
չ°ͣЦɣҾ˵ͷ¶βëһûģȻ˵Ҫֳ㴫ţԼƫƫҪһԹġ
ӹһЦչˡĳиֳŶʱ򣬻֪λСֵѣϤ£ĳΪ˱ʾչľأⲻԸô
ҶС쿴ܾˣĵǹĴеȴ֪λ˾ʲôԾЩٶŶ壬Թߵʵʵǲ˽⡣
ǺųЦضԸֵ͸ֳˡ
ֹֻ˾˿ˣȻ˾ˣôҾ͸ˡ
ӵͷٲȥתҶС죬Ҷֵܣ㲻Ҫᣬĳû˿⡣ֻ˼ҽˣ߰˴ϣϽӼĻᶼࡣ
ĳԴӵ˹Ҳֻ˼ҽӼһأȴСֵ㾹ܵĳ˺֮ģɽ£һ˵㻹չѣǺüˣչĳ磬ɺã
չӲصȥҾȥҶûӣǵطﲻȥ
Ϊ裬΢ЦãҸӣǾɡ
ɽһָĻϯأٴƣա
չüҳʱ˵֣ǻȥ˿ֱż
ҶСչɫа룺չӿװͰ͵ģֻռŮݵıˣ֪ʹʹСҲĵҪȴʱǹ˼ɺġ
ҲǰĴе˾ôһ˾ҡ⹫˾ֺɵˣһ¶ʵȴһˣ˾ȻĴĩʵȴδˡҼȻڿʱͱ̫ʵһѣֱʵһ٣ԪûָѽΣˡ
ҶСԹݵ˾үǲ̫˽⣬˵ݣ㶨ӹݣЩҲǰ˱ӶаֽҲûбҪǣҵľ֮ͭŽ˽⵽ġ
ҶСʱչɫƲ⾹ǰ˾ŲʮĴУĩңʵʱѾȻȻԾλΪ˾ˡֻݼ崫֮ƾúʵй˵İĴңһֱôֲǻɽ۽ʱʱҪ
ЦǺǣôãôչȥ֪һɣϾͬĳȥ׼ʱ֮ĳɽϹݡ
˵꣬˹֣΢Цȥ
ҶС˭ӡ
չǲ˾Ӧĩʱ˴گݲݣӴ˲ܽɽαãҶռݲݣϮ棬ٶˡӦ¡ְ̳λģλ꣬ұǣ˺˵á
ҶСͬصҿҲǣӦ֮Ȩвơò
չװͰ͵صôҲ𣿡
ҶСϽԣȻԣֻǡҿλʵһĵطء
չЦΪ㻹˽ǲΪ˵Ⱥá
ҶСкȺã
չĵصˡϲɫ
ҶСŶ˲ɫ˱ɫɫûɫλλȨأưһټһεĺòϲŮɫҲ޿ɺǰ
չ΢΢Щκ죬ƺЩ㲻ҪֻǺɫԭҲûʲôֻǴԺޡɫ죬еĸˣʲôݣҪ뷽跨Ū֣ǡ޳ܡ
ҶСԭͲܲһë
չţǸܲһԣ
ҶС
չ۵㰡ʲôһ֮ĳԣĽǲǣ
ҶС޹صУֻǾò˼飬ŻƻŮҪƫƫϲޣЩȨƵˣǶԽ׵õľԽûȤ硭
չžһĵҶССֹû˵ٻʲôף
չγһָҶС죬߳׹𣿡
ҶС죺
ʱߵߣȴΪһֱڶ죬±ȫ˵ëǿһصλԲһ𣿡
ҶСֵؿһۣһզզģʲôʱôˣ
ëǿԲУŮͰ
չ
ҶСĵĺĺѾͷҪһ룬ùʮа˾ŻңǸϽҪ˵ʲô
ë£һĺ׵ǿ쿴ɽϡ
ҶСչŤͷɽȥ֪ʱͻȻŽµĺūһƬӲݴмżСЩū嵶һͨƬ̹ͽСȥ̲ƽ룬Ū÷·һ̵ĵ̺
ʮżʿһؽĺë̺ƽ̲ݵϣڵ̺ܲͷͣʼ촰ܣְһƥƥ񻨶Χǽ
ǽһΧãºū֣ŸʽߡԾߡʣԼʽһһ߽ΧᣵȥŮãֳӯ·һȺӡ
ǸطӦһָ˵Ҫ˵ڡﱾӲݴǾֻƬ̹ƬƽƽĻĲݵؾͱһйū̷߳Ŀ˿֮ý񣬸ûʡ
ӦһָȻеʯɽЧҶС첻ɾ̾ɷҲ
չؿҶС˿ȡ֮
ҶС쾪ϲصô
չһţûصиƨΪ𰡣


30 ǽ
ҶС조Ӵһƨɵ㻹˵㲻ס
չߵͽף⻹أߣȥסһԲٺȾƣҪ˵һпɫ¡
չֻĿȸǰ棬ҶССϱƵĸں棬Сëֹ˵ôףô޵óȥ
ëǵ磬⻰ɲ԰ֻ˵ֲŵĹû˵޲ȥĹŮ˰ɣٳףֻҪһ޵õ˵˼չﳤŮƵģûҪ
չֶУû˵ʵһֱŶţ°̵øˡҶС˼ҳԾƣʲôŸպãȥЪŰɡ
ëǵ˵ǣڻĶȥ˵Ķԣ̫Σˣë˵ȲˣҶС챾Իһѣ뾹һֻÿЦõؿԶȥ
ɽħһйʶЩȴֲȫƣںʵԺȣעػװЧϱ߽λڷŹ⡣
չߵйǰϾнǰһơ
չӦûԳӭһϸӦͬȴϴ˾ݱ׻ҪЩԭӭҲǣ㲻õǵҵš
Ǻǣ
ӦˣĲ˹̺桢һӦȫнյʢɫѵˮĸɫˮ
Ӧһۣһž޴İƤϣſһǽЦ𣬵չҶֵܣ
ӦϯλһһңȻǸҶСչ׼ģչһλ£ҶСҲһϯ
ʱŮϸƿǰΪƣҶСվëǵԺҲЩӰǾƽγﻹе㵣ģչһۣɫҲ
Ҳ˵ӦݣҪԸ˾û¶ĵ¶Ҳᵱչ档չȻɵӦӦ԰ҺչֺγûмɵѳУóȻ¶ֵġ
Ůݱ΢ūͣ޳ĸŨڵٸ죬ֻͬšʱڰ볨ԿɵǺһѩļ״΢΢ҡ˵
ҶСĽʱԶرĶؿۡӦ⣬ʵһֱڹ۲ɫ龰΢΢һЦ
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۹֬ޣ˵輧橶ϣһֻͭϯм䣬һ֦ռ㣬̡̤ѩ赸
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ҶСǷ˾ˣ±ǾϣΪһ׮뿪ǣںصʱչʶ
Ŷ
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չǰ˵ҶСѣֻǳںģҶСһɲ汻£ټϸղɽʱҶС컹ڱЦ޲ȥչأʱ÷༥
չϵ˾۹ʵ˵㲻һֻ죬ѵ͵ü޸һֻ󡡣
Ӧһ㶣ҶСϷ˾ȷˣ¾һֻ󡣬ѵͷǵȢһֻĸ󡣿
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չҶС죬м𣬿ϯϣҪҶС챥ȭˡҶСһƵĵңһô
ӦЦǻһԻϲԩңúúã±㲻£統һźǲҪСֵܣչȷ£Եչ֮أ
ҶСЦ˾²չΪ׷°˵һ·˭֪˸ֳϵĲ¼ɣ뿪ߵ¶
ӦĿâ΢΢һ׷ʵ°˵
ҶСͷһСãȻûѪԵ֮ףȴ빲ͬ㡣ͭʵʱҰķڿջУȥѰһλѣ˭֪ȴ¡
ҶСѷͭʵ¶Ӧ򵥵˵һ飬˾ֳϼѣܷΪ˵뿪ңң°ߣ䲻ÿÿҶĵĺܡ
ӦҶСһۣͷԭˣͷҸ̸ֳһ̸ɣ˹ִĺܣֻ²˵ͨ
Ӧ΢΢һЦȴ֪Ҷֵεõʶģøһ㣬˵ͻ뿪ˡ˰ʲôãЩģ֮λȵúء
ҶСҡͷҲ֪λΪҪ죬ʱƺҲû˵ʲô
ҶСͰѵʱͬ߼潻̸ݶӦ˵һ飬ӦҶС첻αϸ߼̸ݣͷˡ
ΪҶС˵ڶгȤдƽزЦګԣǸϲ˵Цô˵ΪһùƸ֣ȷʵֺĸӦԤ֪ڽһ֪ˣôЦ
Ӧ˼ȥҲֻ߶ҶСĪĺøйΪԵˡҲֶֻǲĥҲûеɽģҶСǺߵԵߵȤ
뵽Ӧ¾ƱǺǣΪԵɣҶֵܣĳһ㣬ͬʱ򣬿ɷ̽һ̽Ŀڷ磬ǷѾȷѡء
ҶС˵ƺҪڹ֮ǰŻùָʾ
ӦΪһλߣͬһڹǷڴǣĴڣһoĵ˼ͽѡ죿ӦһֱɡӦںǹ置֮еӰ죬Ϊ˵߿Էӵľ޴á
ӦһЦչ֪Ҳޣе꽫ʱǰܾþԴ²ʡˣʱʹͣһԲѵͽǴأԺܶʱ߶ǰõ͵ģֻΪĽ֦ض
ҶСаȻˡ
Ȼ֪˹ƶĿ£ȴǲʲôΪ䣬ܵλߣһһеʵǻۣҲˣ񲻻˵硣
Ӧһ㣬߻ûѡ̳˵Ļô
ӦɫЩ΢Цʱ򣬸˵ĸо紺磬ֻɫһһֲŭǣҶС˴ĻǲһЩ
ӦôϣΪֳ˵ûǺǣˣҲͻԸֳΪһ߽кܴ
ҶСû뵽Ӧֱףǵչ棬Ҹֵ֧ˣӦǽǶڵҲ̫Ŀŵ˰ɣ
ҶС¡ﲻͬôɣ
Ӧ΢ЦʱţӶηأ


31 
ҶСһԣȻչȥͼչžƱһʼձһɫ۾ûգһ¡һɺʱҶСͷģѵӦҲһùƸ֣
ʺ棬ָŹƳ棬ӷ϶俴ҶС𾪵ɫһЦ
ӦЦص˵ʲôȫֻ֪ҪڱｻҲᷢʱѾ͵͵ôһСζҶֵܣĳĽ飬㿴Σ
ô
ҶС΢΢ָȥƱ˵ͷеľԽתţչ˹ı֣ʮа˾˹ƶӦʲôʱµĹأҲ˹ưɣҾܾͼذ֣
Ӧͷ΢΢һЦžžƣƿṲ̊ϼ۹֬ޣŮҲƣվס
ӦĳݣӦѾˣֻҪҰ£ҿҲģ㵽£㡣ĸŮϲҲȫ㣬Σ
ĸŮվҶСǰ仰˫鶯ĵĴ۾һͶעҶСϣ΢΢¶Щɬи۵ƿŮѾĨ˵̺졣
֬񣬰㸡ֻҪͷ˳Ʋ˵ûĸɫСﵽ֣мܹܾջҶСĺؼ
ûʶӦŵĺôǿԴӴ˸ӦߡݵʵֻۣҪܹõΪĸǾһ֮¡֮ϵȨʱƲŮȡ
Ӧ΢ЦؿҶС죬ҶСƶҶС첻ܾջӦټһ֣һʿ̧һֻ˽
ǵĽŸһ̤Ĳ˹̺ϣݽһſӡϣð˼ɳӣãǽɳһɳӦ΢ЦֻҪӦЩҲģ
ΪʲôӦô߸ϵһϸ˾޴Ĵ£һСΪʲôƶһǰãΪ˵һ죿Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ҶСǸ΢ˣջȿģǮλŮȨ٣ʹȴͬ˾߱Ǻ
Ӧ̫ˣҶСоҶСƱ̵ط£һһ֮ǰҵķ֮Ѿƽǰ˵ļ壬ƳĩѳΪ֮ѴжʮߴǰˣĶôóԵģ
ҶСʵ˾ˣֻҪ˵仰㸶˾޴Ĵۣ¸޷ϣ˾ʧأҪ֪ʱֻһ˵ǰ¸𲻵˾ϣá
ӦҡҡͷҶֵܣ㻹̫ᣬ㲻ףһį˿εˣһĺӣһ˲˺øУͻ˲ܹ޷ġңʮרйһ˺ﶼٶģӲһôȤɶ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ҶС쵱ȻȥΪôһɽؽɵľ䣬˺ܾãŻͷҴӦ㣬Ҳܱ֤ҵĻܶʲôӰ죡
Ӧ΢ЦŵǾ㹻ˡ
ҶС֮ǰҺ˵Щʲô˾˲֪ɼЩﲢû˾˵ĶĿôͷҺ˵Щʲô˾֪ôңҷô
ӦһھƣΪһزʶСŮǧ´ԼĳŵӮҵΡǺǣ⼸Ůˣ⶷ɳ
ҶСôڲ̫㣬˾Ҳ׵ģԾ˾˴Ϊˣ³֮СԻȡ
ӦһۣЦصͲº󷴻ڣ
ҶС˾ݵλ˵һԾŶҲΪһɳŮôֵǮ
ӦЦٱԽԽˣ㲻濼һ££һģƣ
˾룡ҶСҲ˱
Ӧ˿ھƣݵصΪһ޹ʵСѾͷƼս֮أ嵨塣ʱ뿪Ҳ޴ѰˡɣĳԸҵ˰̽һ¡
ҶСҪлչͻȻЦŲڵñزˣǵĵͷǶҲ˵Զˡ˾ʱų֣ǲǿͷ֮
չͻȻ˵Ӧȣ֪ʱӦ΢ЦѣĳҲһⰡ
ҶСһչȻڴʱѹˡһӦ˵ĻҶС׹չУܾܿԼӦңңʶʱӦŴʰػͷ
ҶС쿴˿չչɫ糣˿ûзһʱ̥ľżһ֪ʶҶСĪĹݡηˡ
𷽲Ӧɫµ£ҶСָоӦܸҲ˹ƣƲŮٹأѵֵܱǮһΪЩģܲΪӦ£
һɾˣӦΪ׾ѲùƶأҶСͻȻ뵽һֿܣҪ˵ùƣܳңӦ¹ƣһߣܾܿͻᱻ߷֣Ƿٴγֵʱ˹ƶôҲܲµŪˣʲôã뵽ӦΪɻ䲻ҶùƣҶСİһЩ

ӦѾҶС̸һУʱȴɷнµҶСѯ߽Ӵľֳ˵ҶСȻίܾչҶСûдӦӦɫźÿЩ
ϯӦƮȻȥЩ̻ʿºūñȷŸٶȰѽйԭһϹƤ˶ûǱƽҰݣ뵽ﾹһȫͬľ
Уëǵµĸ޶ŤŴƨɸں档
ǲԸӦģΪͬˣϲԸĽܳӵƷͷһӦǳһϿɵϵ游ȻӦѸΪɵֲźԼĺǸöá
ĸİСͶӦΪУǲѣǲԸӦ򽻵ġǱɽôˣе㵣ģ˵ӦǳĺޡٸδػԱøȤһ
һʼ컹ԽԽǾëˣ޶Щ˯˯˳ԣмģһëҪҲŻظ˳


32 
ɽϣҶС쿴ſռһƬĲݵؿ̾Ǻôųϸ衢»ʣ̼̼ȥ˷·һΣνҲ˰ɣ
չƲƲ죬мص˲ô룬Ҳԡ
ҶС⹫˾Ȼţū澣ʴƣĴ˼ȴһòŮɲīͱµĺɹôٺ٣һ컵ĺ
չīʵһ󣬵˶飬徭һĶ̫ŶȥܹʿYY飬ǿ࣬ȻҶС˵ʲô
չؿҶСֿʼˣʲô̫ô
ҶСǸңôʲô˵
չ°͵ңҰ컢ʲô˵ġ
ҶСȻЦǰûʲô˲ӣ㵱ȻװŮˡ
չһҪ༥ȻҴԼҪ첮˹İƭأŭСЩֻһתҶС췽˵ֻ󡣬ҲȢһֻĸĻչֵ۾ҶСʦղ˵ʲôţ˵ֻ󡣬ҲȢֻĸ󡣿
ҶС찵вˣôˣҶСϽֻӦǰô˵˺ӣ¡
ҶСһ˵һ߰ȾߣʱɽȻһ磬ΪҰѾƽϸɳչ۾ɵϴ󣬵ʱ۾ˮչգգ۾ƫƫɳӲˮʳ
ҶС챾ܣŤͷһչվĵᶼˣдڣԼô˵ƺ̫˼ŮӵˣҶСϽǸֻ˵˵Ļأϵĸôе˶Ըֻˣ˺ô
չҧгݣƫƫɲ۾һֻһֻ۱գˮصƨҡ۾ˡ
ҶСԼ飬չܵӣҶСԥһ£ҪҰ㷭
չԸɳĥ۾ʵܣԼ޷Ū置ŮӣˬʣƺŮһŤ󷽵ص˵ͷҶСȥ
չԹСҶССĵطƤѰ̵ɳӣʱëǸոߵɽ£ëɽһָǡѽѽǸ¹أ
վ˵ĽǶȿȥչС˵ҶС컳ҶССȥҪж
ɽϣҶСȫȻ֪˿̵һĻѾ˿ᣬϸ۲һ󣬵ûɳӰתת飬ٿ
չתת飬ҶСϲˣ𶯣Ұ
ɽ£ë˸߲ңĿɿڴëתۿɫСĵص磬
ƨҪܰѾͷߣҸ˻ءǡǡ
ëǵɶ
̾˿ôûأѽ
ëǵ統áأ
ɽϣҶС˼£̵ɳӻǲϳչ۾һŪøʹˣչյض˶ţвѽ
ҶСôУƤ̫ˣ𶯣ϳϾͳ
ҶС֮ʹ˾УɿһȻظɿչ΢Цº˰ɣ
չ΢΢۾תת飬Ȼʹˣֻǡ
չһֻ۾ҶС죬ͷң
ҶСֵ̯Ȼô죬ȡ
չ޺޵طһţ׼ҶСߣеι㲻Ҫ𱨰
ɽ£龰ëǵ˰ɣ㿴˰ɣŮˣҪĸˡ
ëǵΪ磬ô˵Լıò̫ðɡ
Ҫ磬һӼ޲ȥˡǲ֪С˶ٿ˵ġᡢҲ̶ѽ
ëǣ

ҶСչһ׷һܵشɽʱëѾӰ֪ƢİŲ£һжԸı⻹ͷһظôᣬһ˼ˣ롰ɱڡô죿
ëԴӱ̫˹ƣʲôΣգѾ˷ডľԱĳ̶ȣһˣҲ֮󼪣ֻи޶ҶСףûĴܵӭɽȥ
޶ҶСǰܣչں׷ΪϷҲ˸߲ҵȥţչ׾ͿץҶС죬֪ôģȴҶС˴ӡ
ҶСԶȥչվסŲԶԶһһĶӵӰ񽥽֪ôģܵĽӴȻֺرĸо˵ֻķҡ
ҶСܽӣͷչû׷˿еǸԵŮӡĿһתȻƻֺʥҶС첻վס˽Ų
ʥˮ֮УҶСķ·Ҳһ棬вԽԽˣңĶץʲôΪζߺøУӦΪοôĴ۾ȡһȨӰ첻֮λ
ţһʱûд𰸣ҶСã֪Ӻδδȥ֮°ңңôһطƺҲһżȻѵңңʧҲ֮йأ
ԶƷɺëǲվţһʼÿ˳ȥʱܻһ˿϶Ƿʵÿţ϶û취һ߳Ƭֵġ
ԺǾͲٿ϶ˣ϶εӰֻ޴ȥʱ׷󣬴˿϶վ˲ԶƷԶԶҶС죬˼صƺ¡
ëǴֵصй°ˡ
Ʒˣ
ëǵɣϣչˡ
ƷȻɣˮô죿
ëǵզ죿£һһСͽˣǴڶŹˣҪٵģҪֻһŮˣŶ˼˴к
Ʒ׵⵹Ҳǣչ˰ɣҼǵһһ޵ġ
ëǵǮƵҲ
Ʒɵ
ëǣû˵˰ɣ˵ֵܣ֪ɶйزأǸҪعصġҪб£ͲعأֻҪأҪզأϰԵˣ
ƷӣЦ󡭡
ҶСȻ֪ںۣеʥʱĿȴ棬һҶСͷվһŮż򵥵·Լ˵һš
Сƽˮ棬վڴͷ̤
ЩڼˮŮӣ׷
ҶС첻ϵ˶ϵŮӵװҶСĵĪǡλҪټˣ


33 
ǸȻǷ֮ҶСģҶССۣٶ£ǰʯһ׽ȥûаŴȥ
һž޴ʯʯ²ɣĺۼΰĽ£˻᲻ظеСҲ˵ı⣬ͨһڲϵظ԰ʾԼϡ
Ĳһ¥ݣ¥ҲʯʵģЩխôһҪطȻôʡôֻһֽͣͨ˲ࡣ
ʯһϣÿһ㶼ͨڲĹͨҶСʯ׶ϵʱǹͨ￴һۣǹ࣬дʯ񣬽һӴĹ̡
һͨͣסˣҶС΢΢һЦҶС㣬ǽԲСŤԲβϱɫСȹҡڣһĿܡ
תʱҶСĿƿ̹Ȼݡϡе΢Цһɾ֮硣ȻһЦͨڴ˸ƣʾԼȥҶСͷĿбӵشǰ˹ȥ
ͨܳԵй͸룬ԵúԽߣԽ谵ʯƵĵ·ҲҪƵģӸµעʹҶСĺԽԽѹ֡
ţҶСͻȻվסŲȻһЦǺͿˣҲӦߵĳ֮һɣߣǿôֺ߹ׯЩɭͨĴ澴ηʱǻֵ̿Ļ˵ˣôҲܴӰأ
ҶСԭؾվһڳװ˻Ӱ죬ǰߣһߵĳعľţŶǹŵģҶСҲ࿴һֱǰߣһֱߵͨľͷǰ
ҶСѾĺ󷽣ǰһ޴Ŀл԰԰·õݶ滨ݣ٣й۹ʵĹһȪѳγȪˮµУٽ䵽һ߾޴ʯϡ
ҶС־޵ĸоĿĹˣɾһڣȻͿߡ
һϣ˵Ͱֲ̵Ҷӣ֦׺һſźƵĹʵһſժţһģһֻš
ҶС߹ȥŲͷһۣһѮˣĴŴӦþŪ԰ӵ԰ŤͷҶС죬ЦǺǵ߹
԰Ըȥϴһ¡ȻҶС
ǵߵл԰ıԵһ£ԱߵλãʾҶСҲҶС첢Щϻ̳Ͽֵͽ˺ƴǵ£вһ˿͵Ц⡣
ҶСϻ̳ϿֵģͬҶС̸أҪһƽȵ̸ɱǣλ̫ˣҪʲôУΨûѣûһƽȽˣһ߸ϵĹ¼ҹˡ
ҶСǰɣĶţ
Ц΢΢ؿ˿ڣҶСĻش廳ǣȥǸطʱأȥǵʱڳ»ʵǸȤӡ
ҶС쾪ص߼»ʵۣ
΢Ц׵ţӲϲȽڣ𱰣񷨳ѵƣͳͳǹƨһйСﲻҰޣʿʿָ֡ˣһ֮ߣݡ
ʱǣСС¶һֹ򣬱˱ǺǣԼʵͷѱıӣԼҲͷʹúܡ
Լʱ£Цݣ̾һֶҶСˣϴζ˵ǸɣƯǴˣɷ˵˵ǵ飿
ҶСԴȻ֪޲ԣ֪ʵҲޣмģ϶ԻͷӸе棬ȥ֣Ҫ˵ϸЩʵӵڽ̻ûʲô˽⡣
˵ֻƬߺܱ滯Ķ棬ҶС콲һ󣬱Ȼ֪ģʵҲôˡ
ߵ˵ͷ̾Ϣĺܴѽʱ£Ϊȥĵطȥˣ벻죬ôڣ֪Ҳһȥ
תҶС죬΢ЦǶԵģǹ̺˵ȷԨԴҲ֮ҲĪϵأϧϷûʱȥ֤ˡ
ҶСȻһΪԼ˼εĺܺãֶ̽θȴû뵽˾ȻͿˣʱ뵽ǰʵһ֮
ֻ̫һʮСŮ޶ֻЩǳĹһ־ôֲֶΣƵָǺεֻĪ֮ܰɣ
ҶСʶٹˣǰλ˱Ĵٹ˸࣬ʵ۶֪ʶڱ˵Ľȴ£ǰĻۣôǶ֣
һˣҶС亹乣ƺ΢Цˣ㲻õģϷ򲻻ôġ
ŤͷԶԶһֵɽ壬ɽǺɫģɽΧһƬɽֲͣҲ쳣ϡ١
ߵҰţ֮λ˽´ˣͼıᱦǺǣʵı죬Ȼģ֮λԭҲ޷
ߵɫҰĲߣиĿġ̴ѽһǧ꣬Ҳнʮ⾰ˣϣܺúõشȥǱãʹ˶ǧ괫У
ҶСľû뵽ϼһӦֳ˽๴¶һӦԼ£Ȼ˰ɣαظԼ˵Щ
Ӧ֮Թɽ磬ΪͷͲôѵһжǼڵһһʵϼһﲻɫ֮У
ƺ֪룬ͻȻǺɫɽ崦ջĿ⣬΢ЦŶҶСӦǸˣͷӯ귢֪֣֮ͣԶһЩ
ҶСԾ߾Ȼ֪
΢ЦϷƤӵµ£Ϸ򶼲֪ǾͲвˣǽϺͿ
һͷͻȻԾҶСͷʲô꽫ҲͷĹɣװҪûЩҰļҶһ򾡣
ݸϷ꽫Ҫ
ҶС챻һڵԼ£ֻĿɿڴë
գգۣЩĵƤˣҿǹߣҲǰˡ񣬹Ȼûô񣬿Ҫȷ˱´һ㣬˵ǲǣ


34 Ҳ
ҶС캧Ȼͨһǰ۶ʲôͷ֪һôµ£
ͨ
漴Ȼ΢Цͨ
߱£̾˽⣬΢΢ĬƬ̣㻺ţ֪ͨʵ֪֪֮ġ֪ġв_֪в_ġ޲_֪޲_ģ֪졢֪ء֪ˡ֪֪顭
η𾭣Цҡͷûͨı£Ĺơ
ҶСĹƣʲô
ߵʱΪȱݺͲ㣬ŷ˸ֹΪӶԭҲ¡Ĺƣ˽Լ˽˼һֹߡ
ҶСȻϻĹߣ
΢ЦЩ飬ȴԡǲܷ죬ԣǲˮкԣ᲻ζȮԣԡ
ЩĳӣǿԸӦ뷨ģΪ࣬ӦҲףܰùȻͬʲôô˵ô
Ѿ˵ĺǳˣҶС쵱ȻöҶС쾪۵صǡ˵¼ʲô˶ʲô˼㣿
ҡҡͷɬȻϰĹƵʱҲΪŶұܶһУӴݺ£ǵѧ֣ҲʹĸԴĪ粻ѧ
ҶСȻˣ
ߵ¼ûܵı죬Ҳˡ˶Ҳֻеվǰ˼ʱҲ֪ʱʲôѲ⣬һ뷨һһ뷨˭׼أ
һΪҪôȫԸȥӦ뷨һܿѾı⡣ʱ㷴᷸ΪĴ˱ǣܹģԶߵˣˡֿѡ׷һĲ¡
ÿ˶˽˽ǻǡͶҳѹƣл߻ᶯһͷȴḶжֻ֪ʲôȴ᲻ô֪㻹ǻ᲻ġ
㲻֪ԭܺãֻж˶ͷ֪ˣǰһô̬ȷ˱仯㻹ǰһôЩԭԱĲң˱ˡ
ҶС룬ɰľˣȷһҸһֶΣ͸ĸֵܣమôܽκһô
ѹӦ˵߼ʮټգûʲôѣǸ¶į˼ˣÿһϰŹˣն³ǵȷһҲ޷ѵʹࡣ
΢ЦſҶС죬ŷ·ΪӷˮݶƻƵԲְο飺ǸĺӣѾҵ˼˰ɣʲô㶼֪ȤôȤ֮ңǾһĽ˱úȤ
˳˵ܶģģôһ֡Ҳ֡ԣҴʮǰͱչؿޣ˶ΪھйȷʵûооηԼһһ죬ʹһ졣
ҶС죺
̾˿ǰڳɹˣҷ˶ʱ𣬲žԼˡ
ҶСɡ߸ղš
ݸ뷨дˣһף
ʱǸ԰ѾϴˮһʢŶ˵ǰ΢ЦŶҶС˵һ˵Ǹеˮ
ɫĹʢУȪˮϴˮģΣĴָСϱнɫϸСҶСһУ֭ûкˣȷʵǳζ
԰ӷмСϣҲһ׽Ÿ֭ˮ΢ЦſԶһֲϡ١ɫĸɽ߼ҶСҲĿͶ¶֮ɫǶǵһأءΪƬɽס֪ûУоϻС¹٣ס
Ǻأ¼ٵģţ״ˣȴηģǸطףʱҲףΧ嶼Ϊء
ǰҲй˴ȥߵηǳӣʶ𣬼оˣһȥҲ߳Ժط͸û˸ȥˡ
˵ߺͻأʵõô
ҶСһߣ
ߵԣŶӦóƺΪߣİ˴֮һ
ҶСȻˣë˹ƶѶʱ˵ľҪҸ߳ΪΡҶСҡҡͷλϣҲֻ˵
ЦЦţһ򱾷ݣ߶ȻһҡǺǣĳҲĶ̴
ҶСɺĹͻֻ˻⣬Цʵ˵ˣϷûĹӣҲͷһسζô
ʱһֺǡܾĸоʱһˣ˼άԾܿ죬ͻȻһ㳶ϼ䣬עոռϣĪһ¡
ҶСֻ˳λ˵˼ֱϦ£ϼ죬߲δվǰսսģֻ㲻һ죬Ϸĺܿġϣܾįˡ
ҶСæǣ͸ˡ
ߵͷһֱһԵ԰Ϳˡ
˵֣Ůǵ֣ƺʱֻĵУ硰̡֮ͬҪǰ߼Ͼơ੡԰ֿͽбʱ£ԵЩϰߣżһ֡
ͷҶСһ롱ƣߣƺϲ˵ҶСĬĬظĺҲû֨һֱ͵ȵľͷǸ欵ȻǶȺ
ޱǸͷתȥˣǸҶСȻһЦһơ
Ҳֻ߲Ż˵˶ֻ֫岿ͬҶС콻һҶСԺ˵ҲˣҲֻƲظǸ˶߳
̬欵˶͵ѩˣĸİ㣬ҶСڿԶһеǰıĽ̬Žɳ
Ǹ͵ߣûֻŴ˼䣬΢ЦҶССۡ
߸ߵϣεĴ϶װʯޣʯ޾ϣצŴԵһƴģһȴһ۵ĸֳϿųȥҶС죬ɫǡƴϾʯޡ
ҶС뿪ŵʱиĺֻǰϺ߳ԶյСűߣһӰٿһ´ӹľԺ˳
ҶСһϸɵɣ
ˣò׷ʱֽһŮ۹֬ޣü캬̣ҶС첻֪֣ȴ֪ӦˣŮӦѶŮеһ
Ůͬһһĵƣǻ˵ģ̴صҶ磬Ҽ룡


35 
ҶС쿴֣֪Ӧһֱ˼ж֮£ֻӲͷƤŰӦס
ӦסڴһƬïܵĴ֮УʮӦк쳣ȻϸӼҶС졣
ӦҶС죬΢Ц߹ȻӼ㣬ֱ㻹мءôǶ̸Щʲô
ҶС³߼棬ȻðҪλ˭ԣ˵
Ӧ׵ӦˣҲĵݰɣ˵
ҶСѡضͻȻһ̸ݶӦгˣ߶ö֪Ӧĵ¶˳
ҶС˵߶ӦʱӦ޾ȵɫ֪ԼĶˡӦʲôˣƾʲôҶСϷ̨ϵһ仰߱ضɣ
ӦĻͲʵűˡҶС첻֪ƾʲôܶ϶Լ˵滰Ǽٻϻʲôѹơأط߰治У˭֪أӦһбαֶΣҶСû˿
ӦҶС̹Ϻ⣬ҶСͷβ˵һ飬΢΢ͷʱ˽ƵᵽĹơĹƵĹƳ漫ѰңҼɣҪʱ𣬾;ĹƵĹƳ棬֮˹ƺһ̽˼
Ĺһɣ˶ĵ֮⣬ûκԺȷֺõ£ȴ߾ȻĹƣˡǺǣ
ӦͻȻһ·ͨʲôŸʧЦҶС첻ԣֵؿӦЦһ󣬲ŶҶС㲻ãһιߣѹ񴫳дһˡ
ҶСᡰһҵչ
ӦЦصôû˵Ǹ˾һιߡ
ҶСĴһǸ˵˾һεĹߣռλʱΣӺݣ̸ţ޷һϵ
Ӧûв͸ǽߵλãз˵һιߵ˽ӣֻǴ²׽ӰûκƾʵݣιߵĶӲŶԡ
ҶС첻صԼã
ӦҪ֪ĹΪףѰҡĹƵ棬Ͳһ¡һĹҪʱͿʼһι߲һιߵĶӣһֻ˵ССͯҾ֪˭ĹƵĹƳ棿˭ָĹƣ
Ĺɺ󣬳˶ģáһ˼ȱлϰҲֻѡβɱεĹĹʲôĹƣڶͻɱģѵܿĹԾȣ
ҶСȻԣһֻһߵ˽ӣһߺ;İλӴĶӣŻܰĹƵĹƳ棬ִʱͽΪһߺӳҪͳԦȺ۵ģֻλߣⶴĵıдá
Ӧ΢Ц׵ӿɽҲ˵Ӧ΢΢һƲ촽صָߣװŪλУȻ
Ӧ룬ҡͷ̾ȻҺӵ֪ʲôı£ȷ˵ֻҪվǰиʲô뷨㶼֪ǵȷһʹ£Ϊʲô߱£ΪʲôȺˡ
ǺǣԭʮʱޣΪϰĹҪԷ书̾һ֪һģöһʹ࣬һڲɣ
ҶСѾ֪ȥĿģҲܴ̽ʲôˡ˾ˣ㿴ǲǡ
ӦصʵҵĿģҶԸֳϵ֧Ҳȥֻ֪ˣҲеķʸʶҲûʲôͨ棿ЦӦ֪Ѷ˵ô֮λ־ڱصãʵʵλãҶǾԣ
ҶСɻصʶ̫õĹʵĿģΪ̵ĵһˣһŸĹͲùԸô
ӦĿҶСãŵһЦܸҲ޷ȷ޵еģЩ˪˪޷ԤģȻ
һֶ棬ȻǳӣһЩ˵ĶЩȻϡȴҲǾ޽У׷ã޷ġĴ˾Ҵǧ꣬иԵķԱʵȨ
ҶС׹Ӧ˫Ĳ˹̺ȥã̧ͷҶСúܺã߻㣬ֻ˳˼ͺãڽһ£Ͳˡ
ҶС찵ԿЦӦΪڼ䣬˭֪ڼҲ̫ʧˣһγ־ͱ˽ҴݣӦݣ·ǰһͲһʾĹߡ
ҶСֻ֮ôӦҶСһߣӦüͷߣΪߣε˲Ǹôѵ߲Ĵѡ
ԣȻ֪ҺҶСӴô͸¶ϢǣڳУ߲ˣǸУô򷢵ôԶĵطȥټ٣ʵʵϼһһڹʲ󣬿ǡѡе˾˭أ벻ͨ벻ͨ

ҶСصʱչŸеĶӣ͸еӲУ߱˵ҶС죬չûĸɶӱǽ˸еӣֱҶС߹
չҶСķһۣüͷһȥӦˣ
ҶСЦҸһϰͱӦˡ롯ˡ
չЦӦҰԽԽˣٱգ͸Ҫôˣѹ⹫
ҶСʲôҿȥģҲûʲô
չҪʲôͱ˰ҵ̬ȣ߻ǰ˴ϣֻҪ̺ú÷չȥ͵úǿǰҵ̬ȡ
ҶСҡҡͷŰһôҪ¼չôСѾͷϣѵΪ̫ţ߲ں̵ʶߺӦֶ֮ҶСɲΪԼ׾پܲ͸Щ뷨
ҶСǰֵ֧˭ֿ϶ˣѵǸߣ
չҡҡͷ˴У۵λԸ֡СΪδѡʮа˾ų֮УǰҡչѺõǸСߡ޴־۹ֻһĶֵϣһʵѡǿصǸС
չ˵һ٣Ӧ㣬Ӧ˵Щʲôɣˣ
ҶСֵ̯̯˵ӦĥСϵ⣿
չӵصû
ҶС̾˿ҿûһλ˾ɽֻʶʱΪˡ


36 ֮
Դ֮߻ǾҶС죬ɻпӦͨ籨šʱߵǲʱͨҶС찵ôӦϣ֪ѶˣһЩ
ӦҲһ֪߿ͨҶС֪̬ȣƫƫҶС棬ֱ׵رԼԸҶС֮߱ԼĿĲݵľġ
ߺӦ֮ìȻնʵһڲìܣϻʵۼȥҪĻλӶøԲֶͬΣϣõϻʵ۵Ͽɡ
Ӧһϵһʸ̳д󱦵ĻӣżǾͨչʾԼʹϻʵʵΪ˽ɽ̴жѡ
ֹϵĳֽǶ˵ȻǵжԵģ֮Źͬ棺ϣý׳һͱȵҹϵҪ࣬Ǽ򵥵ĶһӦһȫƾ棬߱ȻҪı⣬ϣһһķѵĽɽ
ҶСͷ·һͷڷ󣬲ԼǸ֮£ڷȥĺܿÿֻҪ˫ͨһ¶Է˵ʲôͳɣڼ䡱һġʹ
ĴˣҶСͬλҲϤ꽻ˡ¥԰ʱҶС׳˹̵ԨԴǧ꣬ȴĪϵһֱҶСΪ档
ߡǺǡЦһΪԴ²ء
߳ĬƬ̣˵Ǳһ׮һֻ߲֪
ҶС֪֪֪ԽԽΣգ̵¸˿ϵΪ˺ɾͲֵˣҶСϽȻǹ̵ܣҾͲ˰ɡ
ݸ޷Ͼһǧǰľˡ˵ݣ˵ȥ˭أһãɱ֮ǸˣУڶ
ҶСֻܿЦֳĬƬ̣˵Թƣǰûй̣Ҳûй˵
ҶСĵе񣬵ȻǱһġͱضүظǻˣ񣿡
ߵһǧǰǺ˵ʱ䣬Ǻ۵ʱɡʱһǿĵ۹дأǵͳִ߽٣һִٽпգһӴĵ۹ϢȴϢΧߣȫûҲһսж
ĵһţȴĳղ˹ɱΧӵ˶֧ۤǣǱšȴ붫Ҳһǿĵ۹ǵʱĴ󺺹
󺺹ʱиθУξ˽гַ֧زбղ˹Ĺ󣬽֧ȫ²ղ˹ȴǵڻٴˡ
ղ˹̼֣һ·շתӵ˴˵أ˵ĵطʶĹҰһλͨĴʦ³Ϊӡʮ˹̣Ϊһιߡ
ҶСȻѹ﷢ֽεȷƵĵطԭһǧǰѧϰɽ羫ͨĹԹΪ˹̣һƲȻ
˿һˣҵķ档һĴ󲿷ȴȹʱѾȫԼһˣһִĹҲУѾǵʮߴˡ
ߵˣҲǴСˣϣܹԶȥӻߣĲӦ֡ˣΪξôְλأ
΢΢۾ϵ֮ԵøŨˣǰǸа԰ǰæµţŪһƬɢŨ滨
򰢱°ͣҶС㿴ǺܺԵ֡ľҵ˵ʱ߶¶һЦĹ˵һ仰͵ʱһԣҾͻܿġڵңȴܲ֡
ҶСĿ򰢱ȥŴֲѣڵŪݣĶͷкˮ߳Ϸ˽ĳɫ԰Ҹ
µ߻Ѿ豹棬ȻΪһˣҶСȴҹͬߵ־ҲһֻľųСȸΪûлߴߣ̫ɱ
ɹİֻҪԴôһ㣬᲻ģǵ԰֮ɡ
ҶС찵̾˿οߵӸλҲкܶෳգǱϾҲܵೣòĺôСʱȥݼ߶ҺϲǵҲʱϲ泯죬ǾԸġ
΢Цţû˵ҶСֵΪ̫ᣬû£龭µĸ뷨Щɰɡ
΢Цţû˵ҶСЩ֣ߣ֣̽һ£߾΢ЦһߣڳϡҶС쾪Ŵͣ˰βѹ԰һֵĸߺš

⸱ģҲҶ޴һ󣬱ҶСȿߣȥѰ˰æ
ҶСͷӦǣ㼱ȥҶСߵĺоϢȻ΢ǻİһЩջ֣ȴͻȻſ۾һ߬ס󣬰ҶСһ
ߴϢŵ޵ˣ޵ˣǺǣ벻ҵĴ֮ھӦڽգұΪٻٳһ£վ㰡
ҶС쾪ߣ˵˵
ߵصʲôݵģҾҪˡ
ҶСһʱ֪ΰοźã˵ɫһ䣬ֻԤе޽ȴ֪Ӧڽգկϻ㡭һæ
ҶС켱æ˵
߲ΡΡشӻȡһƣ񲢷ʲôʯͷܾԶˣ֮£ɫʯĹ
߰ƵݸҶС죬صѡƽչȥկٸлṣֻҪһƣͻ׷ʲô¡
ҶСĵϼһʵʵظ˰˵ʵѡļ̳ӦþǸУٿ֮ȴ򷢸뿪ӦΪ˱Ӧ˶ϡ
ҶСӹƣʵΪβȥ
ߵҳס˵ġڣѹסǣֻҪһ£ǾͻˣʱκҪ뿪˵ע⣬ֻСæˡİҺչһ򽻺ã£Ըæġ
ҶС쾪ȵصɴ۾΢΢һЦ֪ӦֻίߣҪ۹ϵ򰲼һЩ
ҶСһҺͰһϵûУֻǶЩøУ˵ҸͲ͡
ߵ˻ˮѾˡ
ҶСҧãƽ㡭
ƣر۾Ϣ΢ص֮һȸлȥһᡭطģȥ


37 ǧ

Ͽ˼ٵҶС챻˴վڸʯ£һӶӵʿѸΧôˣ治֪ƽʱʲôط
ҶСͷȥˮһ񷤴ҵļһ㼲ʻǸС졢չ˺ʹʿԶɽҲһӰɱԾţӦ¡
ҶС˿زصƣָⴥЩɬ⣬ΪƲ֪߳˺ˮ
Сչ˽ɵʯףһҶСվǶʵʲô£ʲô£
ҶСͷǸͻǲˡ
ɫһ䣬ʲôȥߣȱȥչһۣҲϸȥҶС챾չʹ˸ɫϧչʱעȫϣûע⵽ҶСΣֻҲȥ
վסǰ
ʿһ˿򣬸ŭǿң̣Сӣ㻹ҲأȻҲõңҿĲ죬Ҫߣ
һʿͳģ˳κ˶Ǻ棬˭ǻΪߴġ
㡭
ж˶ţöͷҲ֪ЩʿֻߣвʿѡĲ䣬ԴǳΪʿ㲻Լܵȵˡ
ֻվţʱչȻֱչһŤͷͼҶС첻֪ʱѾվߣĿбӵؿȴƵţ󲻾ֱ
չŭʣԽԽˣҵҲҿҡʱ򡭡
չüͷոҶСȻһסڣţ
չһӣʲô
漴ͷʲôչһɫؽӹָһƺһӡ
չɻҶС죬ʱѾֳһƬྲҶСΪע⣬Ѿ˵ˡ
ֹһӦ˴ԶߵʱӦŻָ˴ݵĲǿɫҶС֪λһ·ҲǷɱֹ
Ӧϵֳһе˶ǰŷЩǰʵӼ٣߳飿
ǸͳǷ˾ͻؼѾѡ
Ӧɫ紫ͣ˵Ǵ޽ͻȻؼǴӵˣҵӦȥ̽ߣ߽Ͳǡ
ͳѺѾͣ˺棬κ˲롣
ʲô
Ӧ̧ͷ۸߸ɫһ󣬴ǹغĴ£ôǾܶĪߣͼı죿
ͳɫһ䣬˾ҵǷ֮£
ӦЦҼߣ֪Ǽ١ĲκˣֻҪĳԻ˳򡣡
Ӧ˵űǰȥͳǰסӦŭһϣȵңˣ壬˭ɱۣ
ͳεȵ˾㲻Ҫң
ҪͻȻһߺȣס֣ͼż˼˳ͳ̣ǰ˾ʲôݣҲҶ˾˶ǹ
б̵ͳ˵һߣǷֳϣ
ְһӣҲҪֶ˭˾󣬾ȥҲġĲκˣ˾ǡ
̳ɵ⡭
ְһɣصôѵԱҲҶ
ΣֻǷ²ң
һתӦ˾룡
Ӧǰ߰˸ҶСӦͻĻᣬѾչĽһ䣺ߵƣҪȥկƽУ
չһʶѡ˸Ϊ̳ˣɴϲ⹫͸ѡչսƣҶС첻źۼص˵ͷ
Ӧ߳ͻȻһͷĲǷԸ²κ뿪
ӦĲ¶ǾˣһʱìɢʿʥΧֲһЦ˭ҪܼߣҲܣߣл˻֣߰дȥ
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һߣҲȥչӦΧһʱ߲Ҳ첽ȥҶС֪Σһ档
ǴȥҶСѾΣǳ˵һڴߣζڵ԰⻹ͷһڲʯƵľ޴ûֺ׳ۣҲ֪жͨټ䷿ӡ
ҶСһȥֱھŲ㣬ŻȻһ޴Ĺδн̻Իͣ磬ľͷһȾ޴ĽɫţһΧǶ¥ƽ̨ƽ̨඼¥ݣƽ̨лһţ¥µĴҪС࣬ȴӾݻ
һ·ٿˣֱһ㣬ŷЩȫǹĵ̺ϣһһһСһȽŵķĤݡ
ӦȻ߹ȥһվסȥ·˾˭Ҳ
Ӧʵĵֱ۸񿪣ص˭ң
Ӧһӣȵȥߣ˵Ӧ
ЩվŭӦǵȻӦȴһӦ¹ӦһǰȥЩؿţȴҲǰ
һƬžҴҸϵĸмӦ˴󵨣ɴΪŭڵѣдһ󾪺ЩӦĲ¡
Ƕڶȴţǰȥͨͬ飬ͼǸͬԽ߲Խͷۿɼٶ漣ر䳤ףվڲԿѸٲϡ塣
Ǹһǰţȫ֪Լı仯˵ľʱŻعúֵ˴һۣһʱӣ˲ɴ󺧣˼
ҶС춸ȻʱǸӣҲͷƤ飬һ󷢺ʱһƤֻݣƣַٱ׵ͷ䣬ѪʲôһƵģƵƤڹͷϣһá
˿¶ֵɫЩɻ죬һ仰Ҳû˵͸ſеݾͿʼһſ䣬ʱŷԣҲʼή١
оһڵ϶ü˵Ŀⶼϡۿһ٣Ƥȫޣɭɭ׹ǣ漴ǰ׹Ҳ˷ɻңֻʣһ·
ӦȻʵʲô
˵Ǹشǧ꣡
ӦĿâٿһ󣿡
ص˵ͷǧ٣Ǳ߽ȥ
ǧ٣˭ܻһǧꣿ
ӦŽߵţҲ˵


38 ս
Ӧ˿ֲһĻͷҲһ˿⡣ɫ޼㲻֪Ĺƶǲڿлǵϣһ߽ȥƬ̹ǻҶˡ
ǧꡱǧꡱһǧ꣡
Ӧ洫ıܹطôֲĹƶҲȷԼıܹ֮ܲЧðաңӦô߽ŵҲֻһˣ˭֪źǲֻһˣ
ӦɫѿԭؽܾãŻ˵ߣǵȣӦһֱ˵ſڣתȥڴ֮ǰξУԺӭš
ҶСۼһĻɰ֮̾󣬹Ȼ治áǰھʱΪӽ£ȻǼʶˣղ֪Ǿ֮ܣֻһɽţͱʱֹ»ҪĪ⡣
Ӧ飬ȻҲûȥһȺڵشֻ߳ȥ档
ֺӦֹһ󣬱һͷӦҧгݵس˰ԸˣҵĴʾ⣬ʱ̵ȺϢ
Ӧһ£ϻȥѶԸص˲񣬰Ѷ
չѰһߣ˵һĻǰƵ¸ɫʱϾסˣСͬչ˵˼仰չͷ߻ҶСߣǻش壬ȥ
ӦػͷһۣŤͷȥΡ磺Ϣܿͻᴫἰʮһկ綼˸ӭߵĵʱĿ֮£ʲôֽŶĪϼһǴ⣬ȸկ˶ˣٹ̳ѡ̳ˡ˭أ

ҶСչһ񷤣мչҵҲŹһ񷤣ҶСչ㽻ˣ
չʹ˸ɫҶС⣬ϲ˵ǲٷ˰Ӱڵչǰ߳һ󣬲ŶҶСҶԱ˵ˣȥҸС
ҶСզԼôȥկģһŮˣô
չϤɽε˾ңҲֻʶУҲȥ˭ȥһ书ҲԶˣΪҾͷȥ˵ˣӦһֱΪŰչңΪεһŮҡկ˽һһҹ·̣ҿȥأӦʱѾˡ
ҶСͷ߲Σû˹˵ˣҲ뿪ңң°ߣҵҷĲ¡
չͣסŲһɣˬصɣ뿪
ҶСҡͷأҲͭʣȥ
չ͸ҪҰæˣǰ˵ɽկһˣֲͨûţҪ˵ˣֻԼ粽С
ҶСһе㳤Ҿˣлˡ
չһۣ׵أ

Ӧǻнֻܾ֡ˣһֱûϢȻʲôûд̽ѵǸϼһķڲʲô˶Ŀĺڣ
Ӧ߼٣߲ϢЦҡǧꡱֹɱһǧ˰١һʹֹʩ߱Ҳ⵽ɣɣԳʮΣľ棬ֻʩ߱ΣǲʩչŹġ
Ȼ߹Ȼ٣κ˽Ϊأ
ӦͻȻվסˣֻһֿܡڵˣ
ӦԽԽеôֻڵˡϾҪˣȴٳٲѡǷֹ˽ôһΪȵ˲˭
ǧǧӦȻһֻèɵҪǼڰ˴ϣпٰѰ˴ϵٹһ飬ɾȻһУ
϶ϴߣȻǹʲ󣡡ӡΣвѡ̫ӡߵģȻڸУȴƫѸߣԭǹǡ
Ӧ뵽Ҫ֪ͨУһȥȸеõϢٸϻҲӺܾãߵܲܳŵʱ˵ο߲᲻ʱıԲߡ
ӦͻȻվסŲʵ߲ʱ˭ߣ
ĸҲ漱ӦϹģ֪Щ£첽ǰˣҶС챻죬߾ͳ£Ҳ֪
ӦŭһǶݺ˹ȥ쵰ôң
ӦأһǶ⣬Ƶһ˿Ѫ磬ȥһգֻǻֵ̿شͷǣ
ʵҲֲ漱ԺӦϾͺʿ˳ͻ漴ֱǧꡱƳء
ӦͻȻչҶС뿪Ŀʱһæ֣æյǰӦ䣬ȥٳ©ҰƤ
ɫһףæӦǣ
Ӧ仰ɲͬһ˵вӦ˷ֶȴޣҵĵƤ۵ŮƤƳɣ̵ƤԼ
սȥ

еĲ棬û˱˸Ǽٵʲôˣʱ򣬸˳񷤱˸Ů׷߳ؿķ򣬸ϵعڵϣķĤ
Ʒɺëվڴڣķ򣬸޶׸һߣѧ˺ܶ˻Ķ޶ҲֱŬԲԲĸĲӣһ˫ȦӣȻ֪Ӧÿʲô
Ʒɻص˻ţлԴ˸ȥĪ˴£
ëǵʺĵطɶ£ðħɱˣѽϼݱ˰ɣ˵ô
Ʒɵͷпܣ
ëǴϲǿɺǸ촩ø޳ƵϱӲ˵Ǵ󵱼ҵһǾͿ뿪ˡ
Ʒȴüͷ绹أ°ɣ
Ʒɸ˵ͿҶСӰƷһϲɻٲӭǰȥŴεĸ޶ҪʲôˣϲؽһֵӾʹ˳ȥ
ҶСչڴڷ֣չסһΣͷ˼ӣ˴֮С
ҶСһӭĸ޶ٶײĸ޶ԴӭĻƷɺëǼ˵˷飬һߣҶСһߵǹ˲ˣ׼һ£뿪
ë˷ܵص̫ˣطһ춼ˡ
ʵҲûʲôʰģֻЩʳԱʱ֮裬ǵ˻صסʱҶСͻȻʲôˣһɨȻʵ϶أȥˣ
Ʒɺëŷ֣һÿܣʵʵ϶ˣ̶һֱǵӰӣѾȫˣ˿̣ǵӰӲˡ


39 Ϳ
϶е㺩һںľǳԣһµľǶӣΣյʱɵֻƤȻһЩȴɵ
ɱѦˮ踸׵֣ǰףҶС첻ɱѦٸ׷һ㣬϶е㺩Ҳһֱߡ
һЩˣһװɵ׾ྫˣԵÿɵظҶС춼첻ߵʱҶС졢Ʒɽľͺ˻ᡣ
װɵʱ׼죬䶼Ϊ֮ɧƷɺëҲϵ̽ûˣǱ׼õСӽ˴֡
ЩӿŲ͵͵һЩʳʶ·ЩʳžЩԩ·߳ɽ
ҶС췢϶Ӻ׷˴֡϶ɱˮ踸׵֮һҴ϶ˮĸ׺ܴܿԼëǣ϶ϴѩԩĹؼ֤ˡ
лƷɫˣֻһϸ΢ĺۼ۾ɽлаջĺۼҪЩۼЩ϶ƷҲû취ҶСڴʵ˷һŽ϶ߵķ
޶Ҳ˸߲ҵţϾȮһѭңңζͭʳһ·׷ΪңңԺҪʶȥ׷
һβȻҶСĻҲҶСָֻŵȥ϶ζһȫﲻæҶСһ·ŻԾһֵϷ
϶Сţͷ󺹡޹ĵʱ򣬲ŷһվסشŴϢЩͷһ־ǴѾԶˣϲ¶ɵЦ⡣
ʱҲͻȻһҶϤ϶ֻ˾Ƶ͵һһ̧۾Ϳչ
չǴȥկģû뵽϶϶չбһּʿŵӹľֻǰҶС׽Լģŵתӡ
չһӣʶؽеץס
չҶСĹϵ˽һЩ˿Σ֦ץȫһֱܣͼ縺ʹˣͻȻһˣһϾӣչη뿪
ǣһͿӣһͿ׷ܵýƣ϶£ó̵ľٶȿŴָӵεڻȻһӡ
Ͼ˥ٶԽԽۿҪչץסˣǰһ֦ҡҶȻͷǰһˣ˵̬ӦǸŮˣһλεĳ߸żͬɫװźڽĴ󺺡
϶ֽһתбȥапࣺҲǶȥôƷɺëһô֣һֻӲˡ
ʱչҲ˳һǰּˣվסչûʶԷݣǸ¾װŮӺÿü߳һɱ
ŮӦµİһչ߻֪ϣչȻȥҸеģºԥ֡
Ů˶ݺݵײһһɷǺÿŮͱС˿๦ͬ书ҲҪЩԾҪüɺٶֲ㡣
չͰԿ죬ټŮӯһʱͬڴоȥ֦ҶҶǵ飬ޱȵӰڿз裬γһѣĿĻ档
Щ󺺵ĲԼ򵥶ˣѪȭȭ⣬ɱѽѷ֡϶˫սòӿһξ룬ɵزһԹľһͷ˽ȥ
ѽ
ëԼǰЩոշֿï֦ܵҶͼһӰѸ͵˽ĻУһͷײĻƷɻΪë⵽ҰϮ⵶
϶ëǻУ˵ͽߣ۵С۵ػ࿴ͻȻۡһһ˳Ȼ϶ϰ˵Ƶಡһ£ձʱײԻҡβֳֹ˻ȥ
׷
Ʒɿ϶ɴϲҲ˲ȥëǣ׷ȥҶС״ҲϸȥëǱ϶һײЩˣŶվһȳһյ׷ȥԣѾҶС˵ӰԶɱ߳
ëѭС׷ȥǰһĻʱ־档ҶСһôȥ˳ֵ׷ɱƷɱһɱֲסһʱԮôС
ֳչһȺϺЩʬ壬Ψ϶ëǼ˹һĻһԽǣɴҶڡæ˭
ʱëǸоһƺȵʲôͷһŵùֽһһӾԭ϶£ͻһ˫۾ŭëǶ˶ŷ϶Ѿˡ
һؿڲŰضϽһƬѾò׼ãòӳӣȴһٱ˷٣󱻻ս˫ɱΪ˼ҾΪ׷ɱȴֻ֪һ޹ĳ㡣
չ书ȰҪһռϷ磬ȻҶС챻´̿׷ɱţոƹһôʮΣչ߳һͻȻ˽һ˹ȥ
ۣ
չһһ´̿͵Ŀڣ漴ѸٰνãﬡһĽĵһ
׷ɱҶСĵڶ´̿͸մ׷һչԴչżڵһ㣬һʽб˳ȥһ֮յȥһƬ䡣
ҶСȻÿʩԮֵչվһͷǸ̿ͣײĲ󷽣һ˫ŻδȫأͱҶСײˣһҶСͳŸոİ
Ѿ֪ҶСΥаչͨ籨ţٸзصϢųɾžչģĻ飬·ۺɷԥشҶСĿڡ
չոԾӣ긦ۼΣæֺ˹ʱƷɸոսǸɱ֣̫ԶѾ˹¾Ͱеĵңң˳ӰХƿյХæ轣ҶСӹһ١
һ˵ӣʵֻɲǼ£Ƭ̹򣬼˰׷ɱߡɱߡߡߵַһ顣ΪƷһܣչûҶС쳶ߣȵ˴Σգߣ
չһ˵һߴԸסǣ˵һҶС죬תӣǱëǼ״ҲƷɸСɣ綼Ҳɣ
Ʒɳ˵ߣսˣֻҶСмɱ˫ֻʱ෴ķչΪռƣǷƴɱ׷
뵽ʧܵĿºһʱ鲻ֻʣһһҧҶСչʧķ׷˹ȥһһ׷˫δע⣬ķǡء


40 
Ӧ˺ܾãʼûдߵϢҲ֪æЩʲôҲûϢͳӦżչ̶̣ͨ̿ƾἰʮһկ磬ϵԶĴ㣬ʧ
ʱ粿ʿѾ¼ҴҸߵķԸ֮ҲפӦ״ӽҪǵȾἰʮһկȫĿ֮£ֹ߼ٹָ̳֮ˣ
һгΪߣӵкܴʵʮһկжʮϵС߶һҳϣȻģҲߵľȫУʱʧȻǰ˴ʵǿһҲܿƹˡ
Ǳ߶չңҲ֪ûнӦȻҰһעȫѺڶչĻϣ˼ȥȥҶС죬ϸѯһ߷ǰΡ
ȥѰҶС˺ܿرҶСѲ֪ȥչҲ䲻׹Ҳ֪٣Ӧӽ뼸ĸҪҪҲӪǨԱܵһʱϤߵϢӦͻȻż˴ǰ
ֹµĴƤЦⲻЦӦ˹֣кμ̣
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Ӧ¹̴£죬Ī㴮ͨҶС죬Ҫͼı֮λ
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Ӧ˫һֹ£ҵֻǲ봫дܵӰ졣չȥģ
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ǲʩչģ׷˼ңȴѺľʲôãʱȴ˲ô࣬һٶչҶС켴صʱ򣬰׷
ɱ
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ڰķ£ҶСҪסˣڰ۵ʮָѵĸоɴУ춯ְ
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ۡ
ҶСһҽУˤһƬľԣеԵ֦סֻǲϲѪۡ
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ŵڵϣ޺޵ؿչҶСȥķٿָѶϣʹѵ£뵽˲̵ֶΣҧҧӲͷƤ׷˽ȥ
ǸѾָ˷ˣҲûָʲôãҲû
ʮָģ˱չһĸָֻʹѵ½˺һΣԼƲݲݹ۵ͷ󺹡
ҲԼսȥӦѶĿһתͻȻֵһӨƣæǰʰϸϵ̵Ļƣٷ˿ּʱϲ
Ӧͼı̾ӣЩʿȻζʲô˸Ͻƣ·ɱȥ


41 ȸں
䡭
һЮŰԵƥ֮ݺݵɫɽʯϣ׻µһɲǣΪ֮ɫɽжʮɾҶСչֻͷˢһ£ȫ
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ܶƽʱӺܴõŮӻһЩϡŹֶȫ޺ĶףЩŮڴϣŴѱͷǺ꾫תƵġ
չǡǡôһˣ첻µز£´ף˿ǿԴݻһеĿĴ˵һ򵨴չŵöҶˡ
죡ǡء
չ׳£һǺף
չ˫ϥһعȥֵ̿ص󴳽أŭˡ
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ۼƱãͷͻȻһֵĸоҶСĵʱ漣طãһûغţһ˹ȥסչɽ¹ȥ
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ҶСɽʯ֮ĴѣʹѵѵͼչѾڵأɽɫ԰ףϣʹԣϣʹԡ
չ֮£˵ĸϣ;֣ףԾǴףչ˿Ժֻһͷ󴳽أŭʼˡ
ҶСŸ첲չֵʵʲôأ
չ׿صǼŭˡ
ҶС첻ͷػ˻֣үãò׼㲻طеаŶôתתȥü̫巽Ҳ̫Źˡ
չݵλߣһ书ҶСǰһǿƣʱȴʱŵһҶС˵ʱĹǣæЩƺͶЩȫС
չʵô죿
ҶС̾˿ұɽ£Ӹ··˭֪үĲֺӿвͨˡܹʱ̫ߣʱ㣬ӦǴܹģǾߣʱӦþܳȥһ·ǵÿεò
չͷ˱㳯ҶСѡķȥ
ĵòǳӣ϶᫲ƽĺֺɫɫʯͷʯͷһ״ҲǧǰһɽЩʯͷҽɡ
ƽʯͷɽСһȪ뵵ϣ֪ˮжĵطͰġϡֲţкܶҶӶǺɫģչҲʶʲôֲ
϶˴ʱͣסŲ̧ͷǿɫĸɽĽǶȺǸոմɽϹʱĽǶһģһҶСǵýǿʯĸ첲ǿʯϣڻʹ
ҶС̾˿·ˡ
չҡҡͷɥصҼǲסΣĵμࡣ
ҶСü˼Ƭ̣ڵңʯͷһͻʯϣչ
߳һξ룬ҶСְѵڶʯͷͻʯϣչֵʵڸʲô
ҶСصʯͷǾͿ϶һֱߣǾͰʯͷɵֱǰߣһξ룬Ҫһʯͷʱ򣬾ٰһʯͷǾһֱֱߣȦˣ߲ȥô
԰
չȻ벻Сдá
ҶСѵǫһأ΢ЦҲûʲôҿʦǷǽʱⷨӣֻʯͷ֮һߣ߿ˡһ˵һߣһɽʯ棬̽˰԰׶ס
Ǵغ·ֱҶСչɽͷתתʱŷֶˣĵظ
ˣγɵĶľηҲսľ˲пֶʵǱ£ȽϣԸŭҲҪأɱҶСչ
طʵ̫ˣüԶɽɾ߲ȥĸҶСչҵ·ʱٳָɵǡ
ȡԺµǿڵ·һ꣬ĵǵҶСרעѰҳ·޲

ָĺһ·źѾԶԶԿʥׯϵĽеƣϲ¶˵Цݡ
ôֵܳ˵ˣ׮Ĺȴͷϡ˾үȻȴͷ׮󹦣ضܹõͣʱٻò񲻱ŵͷѪӺʮָΡ
˷쳣Ǽƣӣ뵽ҪӭĺӣȴѪڣʹҲȻӿ˲
ţ
ͻȻþЩû⣬ֻӣһӣ㴥һϸţëĶЮָһһĿâʱһѾ˭ˣһӱһȥɼ䣬˫Ьǰõĺڰ
ʮ⺷ɽںܣֹӦĹӣܵʲô
˶£ںѲƬ֮öƱ㱻˾һֹһƺϵƣƬ֮󣬱мɽ绤һλ˴нŲҴҵس
ִͬͬʽĺɫۣǰҲһöɫĹ׹һӣţŨüĿһͼǡ
˰öƽϣһöƣ˵۽Ǳ㼱˼£ȻϵöƣΪǴӵһι߾Ϳʼһ
Ʋûʲôرôƽʱ˳ߵֻһرǽ֪ԺƣҲ֪ĳǱ߼ӳʲôֿܵһĹƣǧ꣡
ǧ߲ŻƵһּĹƶһʩչûܹ벼˹ƶķΧǳƲܳ޽ô
˿ķŨصüë΢΢ߣȷɵˣӦȻɱߵʹҪƽӦߡҪƽ˭أ
չʱ˵ĻһһΪ۳밲չҹϵΪУƽҲʶελСߵʱӦկģ


42 ֮
ƻ裬ѪȺϦںֺɫʯԼ뵵ȪˮϣضȾѪɫŷ·һ㡣ҶСչͷɥһȪˮԡ
ҶСܺãﲢһƽƽأһȪۡһʯǲʱҪУеľ뻹ֱ̣ߣûƻɽ£ȴ·
Ȫˮ¶ȲߣˮɫȴЩ֣ڽҲ͸һֹɫʵΪĳпʽ϶ԵʣҶСչȻԭɣˮζӦûжչǲϺһڡ
ҶСڿ̣ˮ˺һû⣬Դ󵨵ع˸ˮľһʷʵĴ㣬ʮأЩ񣬴ǴδԵʣԶˮߵҶС޷Ա׵شУŪ˰ϡ
ҶСһѸɲ͸ɲҶһӲʯͷꡱشŻ𻨣һŤͷչ촽ЩˣڰɣˮֻɫŹЩûжġ
չ촽ͲסڿʵĥȪԣһˮСĵغ
ҶСֶֻˣڴ˻𣬻ȼҶСǷҲľϣڻϿܿζʹ˳
չϥԣؿ˿գ̫Ѿȫɽˣһչ̾˿ӦòܴΪʲô߲ȥأǲһӾ˰ɣ
ҶССĵת⣬㿾ˣչĻҶСؿһۣȻԳԵЦ
չüЦʲô
ҶСҾҲˮȣԣһλƯĹңҪǳȥǾ˷ޣһѺӣ뻹治
ƨ
չˣһվҶСιιιҪֻҪమǣҪǰҴˣֻʣһˣҪٴ׵Ļ
ҶС˵Զ㴫һŵչһ£ҲҴ󷢴ˣҶСЦ
ҶСعƲ㣬ȻҲЩ죬ֻҪȥа취ģôĵطȰˣ߲˺ģչЦ
ˣҶС˲̣ץһæҵصţ㣡⣡
Զһʯ棬̽ͷ۲һߵĶƮ㣬һĭ

һصɽɽΪɽۣЧصס˻⣬ֻҪ붴ڣͺѷߵĹɽһȺɽ羲ţǸոճԹͣʱϢ
ɽ󣬶ʮɸߣʮɿխʯһߴӰڲϵƶš
ԣи˫֣˫üⲽί¡εĳϣҲʵڸֵĳϣ˶֪Ĺ˭֪֮ͬλ
ϸկһ̣ѾڻôĹ̷ǸϼһΪгһܼ̳λӣȴߣ֮λԵˡ
ʱͶģҪͨԼŬȡ֮λߴ޽Ϣֻ֮żկһ¶һˣ󲿷ʱ䣬Ӧͻ䡣
Ӧü죬ΧǸƼ߷ȻҪ˸ϵϧǵʱ¶̫죬ûڣ򵹿ŪⷽƾҪ˭ģԱ㸪׳н
дʱ뵽ƾǸģ֪ʵϸֻҶСչһ죬³ȴӦ⼸Ϣ
õƣȴƴ²߾ˣҲ컯Ūˡ
ٵˣ
վס˽ŲϸţһƴѱûкУڶ֮ǰѼ̳ҵˣἰʮһկʵѳɣðųΪἰʮһկ֮еΣգ˭Ҳ߷ѣʱʹȥӡ
ֻⷽǱ򲻵Ѿ͸ɵߣֱӼ֮λʱҽãһɵһվһߡк͸һҲ֮λʵң֣ģҲֻӵҵλΨһĶͷӦʱҲ޼ƿʩҳΪߣһɵֿɶ
뵽һ˿Ĺâ뻢Ѩɵûӣ֣ҲҪһˣ

µգɴˮʼˮ¹ӳţƻáʱһľ£ʱȴһðš
ҶС쿿һ⻬ʯͷ˯㡣ʯͷЩůҲΪȵԭ򣬰챼һ죬ҶСˣԴʱ˯ĺܳ
չ˯ڲԶһʯϣʯͷ⻬миİݣô˵ʯͷӲЩǶľƣ˵ȴһõĴ˯Ҳ㡣
Զɫ£һȺɫĳӻĳҹɫЩڣֺɫʯǵ٣ֻеʱԼǵĴڡĳӻ㼯һ𣬾һŵɫĵ̺ŵ滺չ
ʮصķ㱻ҶСչֻ֮һͷ֦ϻŴ㣬ζ˳ӵע⣬ƬĿǰչġӵ̺ҶСչ˯ĵطϯ
ŵ߹ᵽһĭһҲֶˡһ˯еչҶС죬ְǴŴ֦õС
һѾ䣬Ϊ⹻ʺ಻ҲҧܷĵһȥǿЩˣ˱ǣڣ˲Ρ
̻ʵؿһ󣬽һ֣мȥЩСĵطŻ֧ϣеĵ
һ˼չɵҶС졣չ书̫Σˣʧûᣬ´δػл֣ҶС첻ͨ书ڲ
ĽҲɵԸһԣԲвСǸ飬ҪɱҲõȴƬ֮˵Ѷ˯еչ˹ȥ
ۡ
ۿҪӽչˣȴһʲôæֹСĵһչûоѣ¿ȥ²δʲôСһš
ۡ
һ죬յֹչûѣæĶ£ͼʲôͷ˵ͣʲô䶯һ
䶯Щӣű˺ܶ࣬ǸĳӷӿѾĽ棬Ѹ塣ȥʱϵĳͻȻſ˹
ֳұ׾ܱȻų򣬿ܷԾľҲԶҲһߣǶڴ˿̵˵Ѿ㹻ˣϸСķɳ˰һͷһ

һ˼ĲҽУ˯еչҶС졣


43 ̥
ҶСչĲҽѣ˻Ȼ𣬾ͼһƺ˫ƴؿԼŷͬһĲҺչԾҶСߣ̵ʵô£
ҶС¹¿װ磬ʶԺͻһʧеӦˣ׷ɱǵǸŮˡ
չĲҽд̼úëŵصôˣ
ʱ򣬰˻ͻȻֹſ˫գŴƺҪźʲôƫƫȴûаֻǺͷƺ˻˻
һͷҶСչվĲ棬͸¹ǡÿԿĲӰͼѾȫһãõʹţƴ찺š
ĲӺڻƵѸʧƬ̹ͷλþֻʣһǡȻͷȱ֧ţ͵һҲһήڵأ鴤˼£û˶
ۼ˿ֲһĻչŵһУߺֽסҶСֱۣôˣôˣ
ҶС쾪ֵص˼뿪˯ʯȻע⵽ƺһƬӰǽ»ӹҶС̾еߣҲ˲ö˵ץչֱĶӡ
ˣáҶСվҹϢĵطͷգ󷢺
ҹҲ֪ηֻ֮лһȪæҵ֮Ͷ㵽һ߸ߵʯϣôµվ˰ޡ
ȥŪףǴӴԺֻҲ޷˯ˣԵȵǾַ˻ҹӵòԶȻ˻
һߺɫװŵã׹ɭɭһҹ֮䣬һ˱඼ˣֻʣһĹͷӡҶСľǸõͷǣɻ´ȻһЩҵĽӡ
ֵط½ӡǵ²˳ӣģôÿһŲȹﶼһӡһɳʬɵĽӡ
ҶС߹ȥϸ۲һŤͷһԵˣʲô
Ȫˮ˿ڣ죬ɫ԰׵߻ʵʲô
ҶСǳʬӡıԵЩûбȫĳӣлдģǿԱϡҶС콫һֻʬüͷʶֳô
ӣǿ̶ģϸؿ˿ǽسʬҡͷҲϵá
ҶСĿתһȼɻҽĻѣԱľһĹǼܣǼܺǼϵⱻ޳ĸɸɾһ˿ʣǾ԰쵽ġ
ҶС컺صҹģӦþֳӡ
ԾصһȾСӣô£
ҶСҲһСӲ£ҪǳǧĻ
ҶСû˵̧꣬ͷԶԶֺɫʯѹд˶ȥ·Ǹԭ򣬿ûĺۼǽûþ˯бá
ֵصɡǶûһѽ
ҶСҲǻûֻ˳ĳӣϲйͷĳӣ˭֪أطЩʲôϡŹֵĶϡ
չҶС죬ͻȻҭŴŵ˳չλ˼ҵĽŮ˿ֲһĻŵûɢҲ޷ά߰ˡ
ҶС쿴⸱ӣҹһ˱һʱҪλԵĴСȻˣҶСεصչС㣬ʲôǡ
չۡһͻȻ˽Ļ§סĲӣҲҪҲ뱻ӳԵ̫ˣߣߣ
ҶСſ˫֣Ҳ֪òñһ֮˵ԼأҶС͵Ҳ߰ôġǽô߰ҪҧҸʲô
־ݻǵչͻȻһҧҶСͷʹҶСֹðΣչ˿ڣֱؿҶС죬ҶС챻µŵõ˼ԳԵص㡭Ҫʲô
չżһͻȻѰڵϵǿڵһץÿס⣬ҶСǰһݣҪЩֳˣܶܲʱһҪɱң
ҶС죺
չӦң
ҶСЦǻһ
չܺùҧɣ
ҶСѵӾͲˣҿǲôɿڵӰ
չصҲÿǰҳԵ
ҶС룬ӳԵȷǲɱʹ죬̾Ҳգʱɱ㣬ɱһͬԧɣ

УɽڣнתȦӡ
ԴӵõƣѾɳ֣ȴʼմµҲжĿϧΧѾӦ죬Լ½ɽկΧ˸ˮйͨ
ӦͰ컥ж˶ģ̥ټἸկ½Уÿһ˶ڱ˭Ҳ޷ĿŵزȡһЩжͬʱҲ˵ж
ȻѾƾǱж֮ǰ˽һԲ߰ȫɳ£һҪͬڵȡϵȻ񻹲ر
ȻԶӰһվڸߴԶֻһӰɿ߱ܵǰϳԼ£첽ӭȥ
Σ
ϣӦ졢е˶⣬Ѿκ˶޷·ѾĻͬڵȡϵ˵λϴ˿̶ڵڰ˲Ϣ
м߻ûдּ
˵ǣҲ֪ڵʲôڵھŲⲼ˹ɱǧꡯһûκ˸̤һ˭Ҳ֪Ρ
սеƣԭؼ˼ȦھŲ˿أ
˿ЦϣСǧơ󣬻Ҫ˿ôϵھŲѣ̫ˣ˭Ҳ޷͵͵Ǳ롣
ЦҾ߽ȥ
˳Ծصϣ
нص˭Ҳ޷ȥô
˻Ȼ˷ܵص԰ϸϵֻҪ̤ǧ󣬱Ҳֹܹˡ
ҲĻ̥Բһֱ͵͵Ǳ뷨Ĺ޶⣬ʹֱˣʱ˵Ƶɣָ˭̳УɴߵȥӭӼ̳ˣžἰʮһկôˣ˭赲
ǣҲλȻƲɳʹģ֮ǲȥԣ˾һΪƣһҲΪ̬Ѿ˱仯
ȨλٵԣѾҰĺ͵һͣѴ⣬һ߲ҰģɱߣһϢѵĶ֣˽ȥھŲʱǺǰ׻˵㣿
гϼ֣ȥס˾˵կ˵߲Σżģ
Ҿֳ֪ôģУͲȥˣΪˣ
һЦͻȻһȺ


44 ·ת
һЦһӿһЦˣĿâʱһ˾Ӧ
ӦһһĺɫװһڵؿŸУ֣߬סһһصͨƣ
էӦжʱһû뵽粽ӦȻһװ֪뿪
ӦǸŸǰȥ̽ϢǸģжȻĶĿŹǸˣеȡϵȻһ·Ǳڷ˸㡣
ȻзŵĻûȫһ⸱ģӦ϶и֪Ʊ͸ģӦȻ
ѸЦƣѵͻŹˣӦǹڲ£һ˾ٻòɲҪǣ浽ֻº
ӦȻɱ㣬̾ҵģĻ֣֣֮
Ӧһ߳ȣʿӵϣȻ䱸ĸеҲηӭȥ˫չһս
ʱֵѪ

ҶСչһͽ޹̽ûҵ·չѾʧûϣҲ˲ϳ̾ˡʱ֣ϦµʱҪǵľǽ˯߰ȫˡ
ҹһĻ˺ëֱǳϢģ̼ܰһ˿ɳɭɭ׹ǣǰǡʱ¶֣ǵͱһˣⲻ˭˯š
ҶСͻ룬һǳһЩȪˮ˯Щˮˮ类ǿйˣˮһȫ
չӵصһˮҲʲôŹֵĶأ
ҶС룬Ҳе㷢ëչ˼һ£ϲҪ˯һ˰ޣŵע۲Σлţǳֲر죬Ӧû⡣
ҶСתһ죬Ҷַһҹ˯ô죿˵ôϢûˣ컹ôҳ·
չ˵ô죿
ҶС¿ֲԶһƬ֣֮ɭȻϡ࣬߰һľµҰҰïʢЩ֦ҶܴĹֲݹֻñ˶ߡ
ҶСȥǱߣŪЩľ޴ܵϻǳӲͽˣ
չ۾⣡ô죡
жƬЩľܰЩݴִ֦ɺҶҲܽգһȪˮڣһ治õ𣬷ľĶ֪Ҫ׼١
ȷЧطֹҰ߳룬ʵЩҲδؾôЩӵдԭǱζģΧиȦǾøȫЩ
һ˯ĺܰȣҹʱһѲˣƾŻҽҲ߳롣
ˣҶС˸Ĺǽǰɰֱ죬˵˻ǽһʼ޷˯ֹĳֻҪһëȻ
ֱų˯ȥһϾ˯̹峿ָֻࡣҶСתĹˣչӰֻǽɢ̡
ҶСͷһҪߺȻչȪˮϴŰҶСٲ˹ȥչŲһۣҶСЦҹ˯Ŀɺã
չ̾˿ˣһûûεĶǳҹ˯úΣ߲ȥֹĳʱв㻹Цó
ҶСȪˮߣ峺Ȫˮϴصҿ޾ˣҺһǾ߳ȥҲǹӣҾͿ޸㿴
չĵ̾˿һذõ֦ݸҶС죬ҶСȻƽҲˢˢǲ˼һ־͵ȡĵĴͳߣȻ÷
ӹ֦ҧ֦άҧɢһ֦׵ˢӣλ߸߼Ȼ޴Ѱģֻýˢˢˡ
չԱһʯ£˫ֱϥǲôҴˣôøӣź̽ȥ·ҪȻתʮ궼δߵóȥ
ҶС춢Ȫˮе㣬·¶һ˵㲻ô
չôҶǰˣɡ㣬ܳԵñ
ҶСŤͷչһۣһˣغ㳶һٲ䣬Ľˣ¡ص߸ԡҶСôΰزǰ󱳵Ч
չյص㿴ʲô
ҪطֻҶС飬չһŰ߽ȪˮˡҶСЦûЦʲôС㣬Ӧþд㣬ߣˮĵط˵дץˡ
˵ţҶС׵ˢվȪˮСϪη˿ֵ㿴Ǳïܣ˵ʲôҰӿʳãߣǹȥ
չЩµصڿտĵطʲôĶǻܿȥ
ҶСõһӵõ˵ʲôܷܣǾ·ˡ߰ɣƬطǻû˵·
ҶС˵꣬ɷ˵չС֣չñʱѱ࣬ǰƢҲٷˣԹԵظҶСǰȥҲûг
ҶСлͬŮ׽οһݸ߹տŮС֣ҶС첻һĵЩӦҶС룺ѾͷƢʱʵɰء
ҶСչһ·ǰ̽ȥ·ļˣҶСǿڵһ·ǰȥǰˮһݣǰͻȻһٲ
ٲߣԼֻ£ļˮעʯµһˮ壬ˮ峺࣬ˮϾͿԿˮ㣬ÿٶһ߶೤
ҶСϲˡ
ſչ֣ӵȥͨˮҰҰչᵽһ̧ȥǰݴһһ˶ߵҰǻʢţڴСζǴǻɢġ
չ⻨Ưֱȥժǻ꣬ҶСӵһƬҰݴԣһֻŵǰôһ߳£չĻҲŤͷ
չָոմǶ仨Ļ꣬Ƕ仨ĻͻȻ͵ҪֹȥƵģŵչһæ֣ʱڴĻȫսӻоһɷɫĻۡչᵽǻֻۣһתһͷ˵ڵء
ҶС켱ôˣ
ոձչ;ͷһѣոһˣѹչϣ˶²ʡˡ


45 
͸һÿøߴľ͸䵽ɭУѸɢе
ӦѪܵĳĿеѾȫ֪ȥ
ǴʼսеƾռϷ磬Ӧ½ѹס˸һ
ⳡսһֱҹͻȻ˴ڵҹɫУҲ׷ңһŵⳡ̾͸ûˡ
гû˳룬ֻһСסӦһСҲ˴ãӦֱʱֲŰЩϷϮĵ˽
ˣûҵеʬ壡ĸܵӦǰӦһҧ޺޵һӵȵߣ
ӦǾнģȥӡʱѾԸһָУʲôҲȥ˵ĸôܽ
ο͸нӴȻⷽƾǽģôĻ̥ĸú֮ǰҲʽ
Ӧ£бչߣѸٸϻáȥˡԶԶһɽϣȻб˴ĸй۲ӦһȺ˵Ķüͷ˴
ӦȻǻغȥˣ˼˺Ƥ밲ȻĿѾ㣬ô죿ѵɱȥ
вû취ǳ򲻵ѣֶΣ¸Ӧ˺Ƥĵǲ֪ǱкͼЩţһǿдأǸϲȴӲ߳νԼΪʱˡ
ǣΨһԿ׾Լϣѵʧֱѡļ̳˳̨ϣĤݣԼҲٴ£޷Ļ᣿ģ
˽սãϵļⲻϳ鴤ţԳãҧأ˾ˣټǵ֣͸ǹϵеǼɽկȡϵʵڲУǾǿд

һֱԺļĸȭ׷׷ɱȥ

ůɹҶСıϣΪĻ۽٣ѹҶСһѹ;ñӷ̲סһ˼硣
ҶСͻȻģŷǷչϣϽ˻Դ赹֮ǰ龰
ҶС̧ͷһԱʻĵطȻкöŹ֣ܰ˿йĳӣܰԵĻ
չӣ˼չɴڻвҶСԼľ飬û̫ൣġ
ʱע⵽չԵˣģһ붥ϥ棬ʹùڵŸ׳ǻԲ״ĳУֶ
ҶСȻÿڸСĸζùƵ߲һ˫۾ճյ˵ġ塱ϣһҲ᲻Ų
֪֪ŮʲôоӦúɡӦǺ꣬׿ô˵ġɡʲôζ
׿ҶСҵڣҶСλĴüɫشŮ˾龰ֻСĸˣһʱ֮͵Ϯ
ȻչţЩʲô˼ҹҲ֪ǹĲָоСʱһԺˣȻļҵĴӿţϷһöˮңֻҪһ־õõǲ֡
һΣڴǰѲȥסع۲ܵΣϵظԼյ֣ɿץǿˮҵʱĶҪǻӣŵĶĶ˵ĸо
һû֣ľѾɤۣľĸоˡ
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ҶСչߣ毺ǰ·һö֭ˮңϴ̼ĸоջãҶС¶˾ġ
ȥһǹڵӣ۾ŵضչָƺչ½ʵûдͿչ۽ëƺգһ£ŵҶСϽ֡
չûжǻԵţҶСյشһԴʹԼĵӣʲôֲ֪ҡҿ۲ģֻһ㲹
ҶСŬ˵Լ߶µٶ֣ض˵Ĵ壬ָ⿰صʱչͻȻһſ۾
ֻһߣҶСоһף־ЫƵģವһ˻
չſ۾ͼҶСͺ缦ڣӵɵԲԲģһܽŵӿԼչʱһϽͷԼӣһͷͿһɭɭ׹ǡ
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ҶС˼׽׽ߣչʲôߣæЦոǻ黨
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ҶСһصǣ黨Ҷˡ
չ
ҶСǵģԡҵ
ۣ
ҶСһδ˾Ƽ̡һȪˮŵߡҶСһͨϰԹ㲻ҵˣ˾ˣҸ
չոѹͷԻ̫һ˵ֻģ֮һžͰ˳ȥʱϲ״Ȼ֪ڿЦոʱԼôŵӣչҲЩⲻȥչС㵱ȻǲǸģֻú˭˵˵ð򣡡
ҶСģ֪ûжԼղŵɣ·£ЦôԺ˭Ȣ㡣
չһ۵ҪܣԴ첮ĵĿҲŷ˸˼Ⱳӻأ
ҶСš·ϵˮǰǰǽǽʡ
ۣ
ҶСҽһٶˮǸով£ŵٴһɢչзִ磬ÿζɾҶСȻˮǺˡ
ҶСƴˮԼȥչͬ۹ðС㣬Ҫˣ⡭ˡɡ
չٺ˵˵ˡ˵˵ǳһ֦̽ˮҶСץסҶСץ֦ߣһһߵңȴһ죬ʲô
չһ̣ϻҪȻΪ컢Ĵºôģ
ۣ
ҶСովϰһηɵˮУһοɲչߵģչվڰߣؿҶС죬ֻö磬ƺеӰһӶžײҶСϣҶСײɳȥٶˤˮС
Ӱ˭


46 
չȵؿˮУǵߴӰкֱײܳһͷײҶС죬漴һͷҽˮףΪͣˮȫʱˮлһƬֻԼһɫӰһɹʺѪˮˮ渡
ʱˮƴٵҶСг氡˵ĳ棡
չһæĹˣ
ҶСˮϣˮϣȥ
չŷ֣ӰԾˮУˮϸСӣԼʮֻЩƺѾˮƮˮŲûζĺۼ
չæҵһϳ֦̽ˮҶСϰҶС쾪ԶϢصո˭ÿ죬һӾͰײˡ
չˮף˰ɣ
ҶСҲˮУܰɣˣôƮ
ҶС컰䣬ˮһӿһӰӻǵˮ׷ƤˮϣһģҶСչʱԾ˵ⲢһˣһͷԳһͷԳ
ȻˮϣױȽߣҲܹĿ߱ҶС߳һ˶׳ҶСıϵأѹ׾پͰҶСײɵˮ̶ȥ
ͷԳ׳֫Ѿֹĳ˴ƬƤ⣬ƤĵҲټŨܵëһ߳涼¿ڣǳƺиʴã֫˴ƤëˣѪģһƬ
龰ҶСȻͷԳҲֳӣҳ˴
չųɫЩӲ׷ɣ
ҶС찲οֱܵٶȣ¿׷ϣοӡ˵ȻܵˮԸЩӣ˵Щײᵽһ
ҶСһ˵һ֦ţͷԳŪϰԳͬݵԳȴһֹǼһ֡طʲô滨ֳ涼ˣֻδһЩľԳʲôϡˡ
չ֦ҪͷԳ򰶱ߣ˵Ѿˣûˡ
ҶС˭˵Ҫǲǻû緹ô
չֻԳ׳˶ͣüⶫҧöô
ҶС϶û⣬տһнͷ
ҶСǾԳߣ˺ôҲ޷ϰʵ̫ˣ߰ٽչİ£ҶСŰͷԳŪϰ
ҶСشһ𵶣ǾԳתȦĥŴĶµչļҲ˿ĭȾͱҪˣźöġ
ҶСǰ֪ǳûжȰж
ҶС˵ţսѵ߸߾ٹͷͷԳĴȱ֣ټƤģûиʮҲ粻ȣȻҪþȫ
ǣѵ߸߾ٹͷʱͷԳſ۾һ˫ͭĴҶСһԳһˣ۵С۵ص˰ΣҶСͻȻһԼ۽󣬵䣬͡һһȻϥأӿΪͷԳ
ͷԳչľ书ٸߣҲԸôһͷ߽ӽһض߸׳ɽôһͷԳҪҶС컹ڣɲ֮ˡ
ҶСͻȻľٶչӶˣ⡭Ҳ̫޳˰ɣУǿͷԳĶչͻȻ֡ӻУ
ͷԳһۣҶСٵӣͭĴۣһڿµҲҶСһ½󣬶Ϊˣı̱ͳغߺȻǴɤ˵ǵͳǻԲڷŭ
ͷϹֵľԳһҲûǹֱżҶС߾ٳֻǱܵظоΣգЩǻ۵ģȵһӵƣҶСΪˣϰҶСղŵľٶ⡣
ĹһͷϹžԳεӰֻģͻȻƵôѺãޡ鵥ܲҶС쵱ѣ
ҶСӵɲǣзЩǻ۵ģ˺͸޶򽻵ľ飬ҶС֪ܶදﶼһ̣ͬС޶ơ
ԳɵˣͷԳˣҲ׾ٵذ˺ƬѾܲˣԵϣϸһ۽ΪҪԵʳ˿ڡ
ΪԳ˵ʱҶСĻڴģԳΪ˺飬ǾԳߺǶһҶСŷ
ǾԳĴʵ̫ˣҶСһ۽ֻһȦùˡϷȫףҶСֻü˺ԼӣæҵذͷԳϵ˹ãԼǼѾ˱ģ±ǿҲ˺ˣһִʽĶڿ㣬ʹ˵置ɽеء
࡭
Գº͵˸ϢҶСݣóͷĶҶСһѺõ̬ȣֻıϢ̫һЦҲޱȡ
ҶС쵨սľؼһȿ޻ѿЦǾԳҶСǿ޴ƣĦһҶСͷСʱĸĸһֳȵı飬ʱҶСϡ
ҶСθһȣһӤҶС춯ҲҶǴֲڵĴĦͷϻǸǣǿЦݣչվһԿˣͻȻ̲סЦǴ˾Цó
ͷԳ׾ظ˸ҶСͷԱʾǣ漴̧ͷԶ˼ۣӣǴִıǿ˼£֫ŵأһȳһյǰȥ
ҶСظΪԼŵľ̬չЦӼǸգһɱʩСƣӹȥˡ
չҪ˵ͷԳͻȻ߻ͺͷ˹ҶСӣҶСãȻؿͷԳŬһЦڨڨصԳ磬㻹𣿡
ͷԳҲҶС첻˼ͻȻȰĴ֣ҶССסǣǰȥҶСżͷСģһֻסߴķʴڿ㣬ȣվ߼һľԳߣǣסֵСӡ
ҶС첻ҷŤͷ죬ضչȾңҲ뵱ˡ
չվԭط˰Ȼ׳׷ȥ
ʱ֮⣬֮ϣкӦ˺ȥһαװչʽľ
ƾجŸϻأӦΧϢϲ⣬ά̵Ĵ죬ȻӦ˽ӦҧһڣƸв߽̻壬ͼı֮λʾط˷
һԼ½ĸկ䶼˵һԣۿ˫ɱѪɺӣʱ˭Ҳûע⵽߸ߵھŲĳһڣһ˫ϡĿ⣬עɱһš
ѪʯȥˮȾһƬȺ졭


47 
̬ӵǰҶС쿴ʱȸӲ࣬ҲΪʩչǧ󡱺ȥ̫ľѪĬĬվߴ͸ȴӿʯɱ˫һ˿Ц⡣
ѪѺˮȾˣߵҲ¶ѪĹâվԶĬţһÿ̷ߡ
Ȩ˷񡭡̾Ϣһҡҡͷһ˿Ŀǣ·ǳɱʼٸߡ
죬ȴֱϣδͷƺȴѸоɻ󣬻ʵ˵ʲô
ߣС˲ףȻй־ѡļ̳ˣΪʲô߳ȥָݣֻҪһ仰ܽⳡɱ
΢ЦŻعͷʵ˭㣬ѡļ̳ˣ
Ŀɿڴګګصѵвǣ
΢ЦȻǣ
תͷ棬˫ƴɱ¶õı飬΢Цòʵ飬λΪҵ۾־͸˵ˣҰĲ꣬ʦǰ˴֮ףϣΪߣһѡңһֱڻ
߻ʵҲȨλǲУȴҲʩѹ뷨ҡδк͸֡ӦһֶһҵҪߺ͸Ƿ̵ס
ԽԽľʧǡȻȫѡļ̳ˣ
ЦȻǣЩҰġĵ˶ˣҲŻἰʮһկ˭ҵļ̳ˣ
ګګصǡԴǧƣκ˶޷û֣޷뿪ΨһԿѾǣǶˣΡΡ
߻عͷؿһۣɵӣԿ׽ǣǻһսôСֶǱ̳ϣλ磬Ǳ¶ĿǱ˴˵ֳԷϷΪߣ̶ܲڡǧꡯ
ѾǸʮˣУȴһӣ͵λƺΪȴûʲôסһĺӣĽѵ
ת⣬صǧꡯҵƣһͬҹʱǧƵĶȻҲͽˡ

ԳҶС쵱ѻ˵ˣϺΪӽΪҶСԼ֮󣬺׾ͽ
ҶСԼסչһʼԶԶظţǾԳֻ֮Ťͷһۣûбֳκε⣬ڽҶСͬʱҲҶСͬΪ
ԳסһɽɽһƬ羵ɽͱ£ԱһӿĴӣˮӿɽ·±Ӧһܴĵºӡ
ҶСѰҳ·ʱֹһģ൱ĴӣؾӵΣʱҶСϲΪѭһֱߣҵ·κηֱ̽һˮԴͷɽµĵºӣɽ嶼Ǵֱ͸ߴɵͱڣȥҲĵű֤ﲻţ̶ȵرһЩֲ
صסԳóʳҶСãҶСŷ֣˾޴ľԳʳȻʳֲֲҶС컹ϤΪ޶ֻԻûû˵ؽʳֲӺ
ҶСɽ컹ֹӣɽʵҲСдƬطǲ߹ҲδӺ
ҶСչȻûкȥӣ񵹻Գ伢˰ȥߵӲƤоˣԳҶСʳϲץһԣ۰Ͱ͵ؿҶСչԵúܻ֡
ֻɽﴢʵ̫٣ӵһۼҶСչоھͳԹˣԳͷƤ룬˵Ĵ߳ɽͷһһͷɽԵ֡
һԳǵػˣһֻ棬һֻһֻ޴ҰѣͷдȺҰ˵ţԳƤֻҪôһλëţЩҰûа취
ЩҰָһ󣬱ͷзȥԳץֻ޴ҰѻͷɽݸҶСչ
ۣ
ҶС۾һϽӹʵķ۶˷ˣչЩֻԳӹѣϽҶСԡ
ԳڵϣŷۣǴִָոճֿ֭͡˴ϤЩҶС쿴ЦǾÿЩ
ǾԳָϵķۣڵϿǳԷۣͻȻʲôƵģĶͷŤƨɽҶСѾ֪Լ޶⣬Ǻġ
һͷԳִɽֱֻ׾һźɫưŽҶƵֲҶӡױƵߵҶСߣҶڵϣָָʾҶС
ҶС컹óʲôصıͷһȴƬɫҶʢСӣֿѸٸʴƤĹֳ棬ҶСŵһУһϸߡ
ҶСһаͷԳҲһԳ˫ֱԴڵΣ׷ʲô顣չֵضҶ˰ΣûصҶСһۣġ
ģ
ҶСսսؿϸ˿ּݹСĵش˴ظس˿ڴȻġ
ֻԳһֻȺֵָܲҶСʾһ£ưһ죬ʾǺζĺöҶСȴҡͷⶫûжܲܳ˵뵽ⶫܳԹ⣬ҶСȫûθڡ
ͷԳԣźźذƬҶСĵϵԼǰֻͷһЩӱ㲻ӰԳƷǳӵζ۾һܵӡ
ҶС龰Լµ˼֣ͷԳֳΪζģ쿴ˣʮа˾ȥȺӣʧ֣űϣӵȪˮԡͷԳĻǰ죬һȺжٻǧٱĳ͵Ϯֻ졣
ҶСĵǰ˾Ųʮֻûвµǣֻȸ޶ĳԻȥ͵Ϯ˳ӵϳҾȻѳԵˣֳֹֻһֻеĳӣҿгӵжȴûκΪڷ֣һºܶѡ
ֻ̰ľԳԵֳֹֻ泹׼ŭˣֳ㳲ΪԳˣѪζЩֳѾѭѪζ᲻׷ɱ


48 㾡
ĸһعǿѣ̤ʯףˮɱ½ء
ʵʮկϵΪеģҲˣЩɽ߾η쳣ǿӵλȴûеߣϸͬһɵ˴֣Ȼǻᴥŭߵġ
ЩڸСߵ˵Ĵ£Ҳ˹ǵʹøеж谭ӦӲݴޣһֱרעڲչõ࣬ʹøڸڴڵϺϡ
һϰʿһʱɱӦ˽ڽڰˣҲŵԳɱǰλֻͬרȨı͹ĳϲ֮ͬ£ͬǸ
ƶֳϼɲóʩչִΧĹƶ󣬿ЩһҲδʩչ˴ģĹƶڵĹƶ֪˶ã˭ƬʯϲִΧĹƶԱʱ֮裿˫ֻõǹ
˫˺ƤʽսԺ󣬸Ҳ˳ѾĻҲ޷߲µĹƶͷɥ֮ʣŸдɱּæ߳Ӧվһ
ӦۿдʩһڵնԼ£һһھŻ󿳵˹ȥӸ£֮ƣݺһеͷ
һʽ򵥵ɽɱ˵ʽмнڣҲٶȡȼӺʵĽǶȣӦһвҲӣеһᣬһģﬡһ죬˫ĵ϶һȱڡ
Ӧռ϶µıˣһʽػøĺյˮӦȴһ٣ȫվȣͺӥԾһ
߼ĸԮȴӦסӦȻһһбȫѹסˣڵʩչӦͻȻбһǶȼꡣ
мһһֻ̤ûˮµʯףձܿҪһѾббؽббһڣѪѸȾ½
ӦһбգȻƺ˼ʲôһʱվס˽Ųٳǰȥһ޿˵ĸбɣǵŵĶ̫ҪˣӦֻһۣסӡ
һƣһŵǿƴӵϻȥз߶ߣ׹
һ˲ؿѪǿ˹ȥӲҲסˤʯϱȻ飬ǿ֮λؼıʧȥһжΪˮ
ӦҲû뵽һ˳ۼвܲ˵ƣӦЦһһնе֣û뵽ӦƣȻն֣ȻָոץסƣҽһѪ֣һ첲˼ҡ
ֻֽץʯϣԾҲˤʯϣѾۣŴߣѸ˵ֻϱǰһֻץԼĶϱۡ

иմӶϱץƣһҺֱҲӦնϣӦЦҪȥƣеļĸѾܲ˵س۾ȥ
Ϊ˸ԵĶ֣˸һת㱻ڲĶֿ⼸ȴɹİ˶֣Ӧ˹ȥ
ǶǸеĸѾŸߵһҲû·ˣ³Ҳ͵ǵ̣ܲƴ
ӦȻո˵Ҳ⼸һȫҪص򷨸˸æҡվ̨ϣǡÿǿڿе龰Ϊ˴֮ףҲû˱Ϥˣֻһֱһ̣Ҳ˲Σգһ̶ǿơ
һϰ㣬۵ŤɸʹȴģˣһжˣһͼıԸȨԶ뿪ʹŤӣȻ˴̨ĸ֡
۷Ź⣬ɱţ϶˺ΣпͻȻޱȵԹ̰ĽطǸϼһջʲôҷѾĻòײŵõⷽƣȴҪΪ˼£
ǹǿԹѹסϾ޴ʹͻȻƴǿһŤȥΪ˵õƣȺֱۣɲϧһУĿѲǵõƣǡ
˳ʯȻʧȥ˫ۣȴƽö࣬һǿԣҧأЦ̧ͷȻĶͷ׼ǿƺݺݵؿȥ
Ҫ
־һۿ̨ףһȥгţöͷǿƣһ££¡
пĵֱ죬ͷһƬ࣬ǿڱԼĶͷĳƬƬĶͷѪֱȴشЦʧȥ˫ۣѪУЦӡ
쵰쵰
˵ߣۼѾƬպ֮һŽ߿Ȼ۵ض£æҵؼƬ⡭⡭⻹ƴ𣬲֪ûãĻ쵰
һ߼ƬһߴŸУȴ͵˹ſѪڣһҧסĲӡ

ִҺ˫ƬƴػŸе壬˷ŤţͻȻ̡߲һһ˺ˮ
Ҳᡭ
ƴΨһͷԼһҧסֵĲӲţŤӽ׳ȥ
ͷطĺˮǳ滺ģˮͼֲˮ˫ҵȴףﲻɷţؼʱɿ˫֣Ƭס
Ѹҧϵ죬ƴ˫Ҳֹס׹壬˷ţһ˺ףӿĺ潥ָƽʱϵɱһţע⵽ǣע⵽ˣ˭ܳ
վߴۿŵķһĻ̲סЦЩӣ֮λѾǵϣúãúðǸҪǲ
һЦһ˵һ˵һתƺϲͬΨһ˷ֻתһ룬󱳾ͻȻһʹƺһЦʱȻֹ
ߵҡһ£ס̨תӣŵؿŰ˫߬һѴѪļ⵶ؿɫ԰ֽ߶߶µؾָ֣Ű㡭
߻û˵꣬ͻȻѽһֽУ͵һͱĿڣȻֻܾӰٶؿڣѪָŵ˼һϡ
㡭Ҳǡ


49 ;
ң
һĨ˿͸ıΪʲô
ҧгݵصΪʲô˵ΪʲôΪҲطŪЩݲݣһֱΪҲͷӣΪǹߣΪ·Ǵʱ˳ڿһ䡮⺢ӻ顯Ҿ͵ñ֮͵̺㣬ĿȤͷӣЩ˵ĻݲݣΪҲ𣿡
߲ҡҡ
ļһֱڶ£ǣҺܺãǼƷоĹżһˣʱҶʶ֣˵ɽἰʮһկ˰˴ϣʶֵľûұǶѧʣ֪֪
˵ʱ˻˳չ£֪֪Ҳʶ֣Ҳ֪ô¼ôྫȤĵطʹһЩ
ʶֶ֮Ҹ߳ȥˣߵõ˭Աֵö㲻ǾǴ治ҸаԹһҪֵ÷ǳϲߵӣŪЩĻݣ
׻ɫҰܣҲ˵仰
˾ӦңֻҪҿΪ£Ϊͨ籨ţֳϵ֮λһЩӣ뿪ɽҵԭȥǻȥ
Ӽͺҳ˼ĺ룬˼ĺ밡죬ҶС˵㶮öվһԶҪˣԼĵҪˣҺáҺǰֻЩԹҺ˵ͷ˶֮ʶ˾ģɻ
شЦбʹɫԽԽŨòͳɻɻǺǣǰϷ
ΪЩŤԵЩ϶֪˾ΪʲôҶСͲϣͨҶС̽ϢֻӰľߣҪĿôֻΪԻ㣬Ϊȫ˽⣬ɾ衣
һ˵һ󴮻Щû뵽ϼһﻹһ֣ȻˡǧꡯҲȥ޷ȡϵǶ룡㺦˾ǺңǺ߳ɽϣ
ӶþеһƬҶ촽ϵضţȴһ仰Ҳ˵ʱ˿̣絶Ҳ˵ʲôˡҧϼһ㱾ѾͲҪٵҵǰ̣ȥɡѽ
ذף˹߶ؿĨŨʹۿذҧгݵ˽ͻȻڴͷһ⣬䡱һž޴ĻĴмѿһӣߺǻıһȥ
ͻȻıŵôһӦذ׺ݺݴȥʱѾѿǵݿӣµһɲľǰش̳һ
һûдߵ壬ȴش̽ʹر۾ҪˣԭûҪӣӣΪð߱

ҶС쿴ԶںӱߺˮͷԳԳͷԳͨԵӣƬһǳϤ˵ܴ뿪ֻҵ˼еѡ
ҶСչ˵Լ뷨һŤͷͼչü䣬ڿʧЦЦʲô
չ㿴⸱ģ˺ӣѹͷԳ㵱ֵܡ
ҶСʱɢˣͷɢ̻¶ȵеҰˣô˵ҲӲմ߶ҶС첻صⲻǻ·˵̵ȹ硭ˣҲŮûȹȹӣ
չЦصֲǶȹ磬ΪʲôҪǵѣСʱΪ洩ġ
ҶСʱ۷Ź⣬ɫʵҲǹƨƨ𣿡
ۣ
ǷҶСַչĽŷһſͣȴõɾҶСڵϣɺˡ
һĻȴոշصͷԳˣԳ֫ƣѸٵܹչţֻȲľȭ̵شԼؿڡ
չûʧɫҲܲһظĵҷƢҲ۸ֵ˻ɣ
ҶС߹жĥز˰ɣ
չݺݵһۣԳһһչϽ¶Ц˼ҸЦ
ҶСǾԳļ򣬿ϧǾԳʱͷʵ̫ЩٸֶͷԳļֻģЦеصԳ֣ǺвŮ
ҶСоԳ˵Ҳ˵չ޵ȴĲԳӣҶСЦģڿĵı飬ǿöģЩɺȻôӵĸ飬ȴҲԼ׸ղһĻƺˡ
ҶС㵸ȻЦģЦأˣ
ҶС˾Գ£Գ˿ûҶСֻȭͷⴷ£תҪӵӣԳ׹ˣֿͺ˷ܵؽȻ̧Ǿ޴Ľơ
ҶСˣҪһţԼ͵ұȥ۶۲ҶСæ֣ȻԣǾԳֻҲǸˣһ֣²شҶСᣬתӡ
ͷԳҪ׷ϣͻȻվסŲͷŬתȥԶ˾޴ɽȶ¡¡졣
ҶС챾ѾӽɽǷŭĽ˺չּ˳ͼͷԳɽȭأԶŭšҶСƶصôˣ󷢻ˣ
ۼԳչѾ֪˵ҶСԣ⻰ҡҡͷҲ֪ͻȻʹˣǳ㡭
ʱԳѾ״ָֻȭ̵ŵ棬ôض˲ҶС֪ͷԳԼȣ˺Լ׳߹ȥԳ֣ʲôˣ㲻Ҫô
ԳǳţͻȻſͣԶһҶСߣſѪڣһһ˶ʱҶСͷ÷Ǿ޴ҶСĶ죬һʱʲôˡ
Գ֣һץסҶС죬һһߣһȳһյؾгȥ
ҶС챻һͷתչһȴʲôҲҶСԳ֣ʲô𵽴ĳɲɣ˼һţֻ׼ƨรιιι
ͷԳҶСںЩʲôˣǣߵɱҶСȫܻ죬ǵֱܵԵʱȴͻȻ͵վסһŭ
ҶСĶոջָһЩ֪һָʲôҲˣԳץҶСתߣҶСһСĲżޣ˦˦ȥھԳתһɲǣҶСͻȻֵһҰɫġ̺ӹ
ȻֻǿôһɲҶСȴʲôˣ϶Ȼӹһ˿⣬ëеܰܰö氡
仰ëǵĿͷҶСŵ״Σ˳ھѧ


50 
չ׷ͻȻǾԳֵͷܻȻվסĵĪںҶСϷ漴ҶСЪ˹ĴҶС챻󲽱ܵľԳ˦úϺ£϶ںʲô
ԳҶСչһӶԳǾûҲˣճһֻ֣ͷȻչĺֵܣǸֵһЩªһЩ࣬ô
չһԳǰܹȥˣֻ÷׷ǾԳĶѨģԳ̻еģûܻȥѰ·ԶӿĴӱȥֻܵһ룬㷢һŭĴٶ˻
չ׷һͷϽԾһҪײˡչվסŲŭҶС죬ڸʲô
ҶС챻Գ˫ֻűȻ氡氡
չŭг棿
ʶػͷһͼһŻҰɫġ̺ӴӷĺŸֻ֮ңŵչѽһವһԾɶԶ׷žԳɱȥ
ȻǻܵĶȥͷԳޣƾűȥǳɽһ࣬涼ֳֹΧˣҶС챻˦úϺ¶ˣ۾壬зڱӿ챻ζˣȻʲô⡣
ޱ߼ʵĹֳǧ򣬾Գǵϳɱĸ棬ҰѳĳѶԹˣûĸ棬ֳһ־ͽܵͼ̼Ϊ㣬зһıܣ˴Ȼ㳲
ԳҶС첻ٱˣܻķΧѾԽԽСĹֳɽһƽǵķΧСһЩƾžԳٶȻܳȥһȥǻҰɫ̺ı߼ʾģԳޣֻ᱾ܵعΣգȻѡ
ֳԽԽչɫ԰ֽؿҶС죬ֻҶСɫƣͷ߳һſŶĺ飬չɱң
ͷԳۼѾûг·쳤ХһͻȻץҶСǱֱ͵¡ͱȻղʣǶͷԳ˵ȻǸ⣬һʼûѡ·ΪˣԮͱҪƽرܸ࣬ʱأ͹ܲôˡ
ɱңɱң
չվͱ£žԳץҶС£ͷ۲ӿչĳӴҶСУѵң
ҶС쿴ģͷѪһӿͻȻſңӣſ
Գһʯ⧲֮£ҶСָֻһоֻʣһ˺õı״·ҶСżˤȥչû뵽Ȼһʱ㡭㡭
ҶС˲ʹӵһֻԳҾرȻԳ֣Ⱦߣߡ
ֻԳ죬ȻҶС˼ԳͻȻƵģɽԶԶһĻХδֹԳͻȻһԾ£һץͰչ֫У׳˫һ٣ٶԾ£ѸԮ˼¡
ҶС죡
չû뵽ʱҶСѡԼԳһץԾͱڣŷӦҶС֡
ҶСЦһ£չͻȻȪӿʹסٿҶС챻ӿгɰ׹ǵģǾʱȻҶС߰ؽк
͵ſۣͼҶСżֻһ̿㣬ŸֵſĵˣǴӱӿķ񱼹ȥһһߺҲ˭ˣҳң˱ڣ
ۼ˾չĪء͡һЦһЦڣľʹˣ᳹ģ۾
ҶС챼šţǿڵѲ֪˦߰غţ˫ѪؾȻ֧ŵ˺ӱߣȻҲһͷ˽ȥʩչŹӾǺˮ̫ӿֻƬ̣㱻ˮ˵ºӣҲӰ

ڵһ̣֪˵ԼʲôĿڵһΪֱ۲ûд׼࣬ҪˣôѪһš
˵ʱƺܻһ̣һ̣Ũڶ̶̵˲䣬ɿ˵Ժݡ
ĿˣС֪ߵĶӣߵ˽ӡĸ׿̳ԼλʱҲѱٴĶӡ
̳߱ʱ򣬽озԷ񴫳Ƥ˰ǿߵλӾȣҰļұȻ᲻ֶεؾȡӵλӣڶͽΪѾ̳˵ָǹ־Ҳ֧֣ʱʤΪǿĶӽѱסλӡ
ԣͽָ֪̳˽ĵģҪùָ̳˵˵ģԱ֤Ϸ̳ߵĹΪĸĸء
Ϊ˷ͰĸӹϵԼĶ֪ԼĸףʲôϵΪһףϣӻرʲôֻҪܿŶӹ͡Ȩգˡ
Ϊˣ԰˸ӹϵöӲСй¶˻ܣ߱˿ߡΪˣɷѿĵҪѸСҰļҳȨصĸߣܶĹҲһֻΪĶ˳λ
û뵽ĶӾȻԼ뷨ΪԼ룬ָɳ߱
ߺȻ뵽ʮ²ŷȥĹƣĸ޵ĹƵԭ棬ĹƣΪ˰õλӣĹƴȴֻ޾ʹ࣬ʹһ
ķʮѪѹĹƵİ취ԶطӡԼڣٲԼĶӣԼĶصޡһҪλӣѶε˩Լߣȴ˶ӵһĹƣöҲʹ˰
뵽ߺǺǵЦЦûдԶΪ߻¡¡ˮ
ΰӴ󣬶ɶ칤һƬͱڣͱڼһȪ޴ˮӿȥһƬ̺һĵƣʯɵƬ£һµʯڶɡ
գһΰεضǴ°ɽӿˮڰ˲ʱôһȪˮл԰ǴɾĻ԰еȪˮ򴩹һȥǵͱӿٲ
ˮǲȪˮӵڰ˲£ˮۿʱȡȪˮߵҾͽᴩĴӵϷʱµı죬ӵıԵɽ忪һƽ̹ľʯϣĽű߾Ǳӿĺˮ
ҵĸףΪһ˽һֱΪΪҺáΪҵһ˽ҺҵĶӶʹ಻ǺǡѭӦˬšиΪǸӵ˽Ķͷǡ
߸оһַţһãȻؿʯݶȻһˮ죬ƺʲôĽš
ô׷ˣҵĶһҪĸ׹ô
ԳһЦȻͿһǱӿĺˮطĽ¡Ѿԣ˫Ѫģɫ԰ֽһ۾ϳҶС죡


51 ·
ҶС죿ô
߿ҶСطˮߣɻ󣬴ͷҲ񲻳ҶСôܳ
߶ҶС챾ûʲô⣬ӦҶСʲͬҶСӦʩ̬֮Ҳͷ˱仯߼ѵŲӣԼŲҶСߡ
߼ҶСˣ඼ǲֻۣЩϸ˿ƣȻϳǱˡ
߲ɴΪ֣Ǳǧ˰ǧˣǧƣԳǧٱѸ˥ϻɷɻˣֺֹǸʴ˼⡣
ȫȻǧʱһֻǧĸѵ飬һǧƣҲβˣǶԷٶҲεʱ䣬ǧĶΡ
߼ҶСӹĹĵģȫûϢذƨɳ죬Ӷһͻʯϡֶ߶µشӻһƿҩȥӣҶС˫ϡ
ʵҶСֻҪƤҲãֻ˫Ȳȫǰ߰˺ۣҩһõÿЩѸܹ⽫ѿĴƬ˺ۡ
ҩۣ˳ְƿӵһߣһУѾľǶϢҶСǻֻˡ
ʱڵڶˮңѾۼˣҪھŲãǸûϵھŲȻô£Ѿڵڰ˲㡣
ھŲվڳ£άȡ󴲺£ʱ򣬰ȥ⶯߸ոհĻأĸӳȥһ߶˵һղŷ£ѱ
ǻҲ֪ǲֻʹһΣ⶯֮ǴȴûκζתܣܽȣȴһǷѾ߻ǡǧ󡯾ͻЧθ߳ȥǧһ˫۸վǶ̤һ
ҶСſʯͷϣӿһɹˮãͻȻԼ³ˮƵѹ
ҶСֻ֮˫ĸоȻоһʹĹˣߵߣߣҶСҲһǵЩĳмܹȥһͷ˺ˮѸ͵ĺˮ˵ºӣѾϢˡ
ڲţҺ󡭡йʯ߻ܵģȴɫ԰׵߾ҪˣҶСٷḻҲ񲻳﾿ʲô
ҶС췭˫ȣѪģƬƤⶼʴˣûбɭɭ׹ǣ˿ʹҶСӣŵһҩζһЩ
ҶСߣιߣѣߡ
ʱҶСŷؿѪɳһΪܵôŹʪĵطǹ̵ʲôأ޽߶ҪأǿΣȴǱ˸һ
ҶС˵ߣߣ
˫۽գһԲҶС켱æ̽̽ıϢͷһѾûˣŸոն廹µģҶСȴһƬ䣬Ѹ뵽ҪǱ˿ºҲ˵尡ºҶѲҪǱҰ˻ҵöԩ
ҶСͷ鷺ȥ֮ʣȴϾ뵽ؼ⣬Ͼ뿪Ҳȥ̽ΪʲôˣΪʲôطҪ֮ʣע⵽ϳһ˿ҡ
ҶСԾˮʱ̿㡱ֻǱϾˣҶС۾㶨ߵϡ
߸һ϶Ҳ֪ϻʲôϡŹֵĶҪ·ʱҧһڣ군󼪣˵ѾˣԼϣһ˵壿
ҶСˮܿѾɱˣһʱҪҪǱߵ°֡
һ룬ҶСµĴ춼ˣһҧתߣʱҶСŷҪҲѣ֮УǰȴһˮӿĴӣںˮһ࣬ʯڣˮԼɣҪβܹȥ
ҶС춫ģͻȻֽʯƺиʲô߹ȥϸһһİ֣ҶС˫סһᣬֻһ죬ͷʯڱһڣһʯݻ䵽ǰ

վڳǰԶʩŹƶ򡣰߹ȥߴӻȥһʱûжһʲô˵Լɱ֣ԼӦŽ
ãͻȻһƣǰѴѪذףҧԼСָϻӹһƺߣһСָ˵أǿʹǸСָǰһףСָڵϹ˼ɺö˶˵ġ
ϲˣˣ󲽣аɵĳȾͷȥܵ˻ϲ飬ȫûʯſ
ʱɱڵӦѾ˳ƻˣѾʧȥ˽ھŲֶΣֻý취СҲ׷˽ڵڰ˲ļλ̳ϻͷǣȫޱ顣
ûҰȡ֮λ̷ǷشʣԱھŲֻƬּǶӦе˵ĲҲֻӶˣ˭յʤߣ˭ǡ
Ӧŵ嵽ڰ˲ۿǰʯףȴ̤һҧгݵĹ򣬰ĳһ·ɱ¥ݿڣһӦϲе߹߹ǧѽ⣡
ӦԴϲе죡У
Ӧһʯϳȥηߣһֱ֣ʱ˵ȴûָУĿӦȣϰεȥ̴˸棬ס
Ӧֻ磬æһһʯϣﬡһĽӦӵӭȥ˵¼״׷׾гȥչ˼ҵĲ
ЩǼߵĽ֮£ĬĬ˵һԣΨһģǾ˫ɱһֱµѡ
ҶС˳ʯȥĹˣǿյһʯңһȥǵڱ㡰䡱һպˣ˿Ϸ죬ͬΧĴʯʵذһģһȫһŻ
ҶСʯ죬ýŶ˶壬򲻿ֻѰ·ֿյʯǽʯ̨һʯ̨ϷһͷʽܹŹ֣ͷ϶˻м״ĺɫë
ڶʯͷϷһףܼ򵥵壬ͼܾϱߵĽѾ߲°ƤսȹƬмһ׾Уŷǳª
ʯ̨ȴһ֦ìһͷһͷϸϸì⣬ͬҶСìȫһ


52 漣
ҶСʯеֳкᣬܲƬ׳ȥ֪Ųߺǵסټĵãȥ㻮һҲҵһ·
ҶСֱӱſڣһصʯţϱ߻һصʯţӴǸģǰӲײֻŵķӲܽʯݣȴ̨֪ϹǼʲôȻôء
ҶСذῪʯţصʯţȥҿųŵȥ߹һȣԱһգ˷ɱ㴫Ķ䣬ҶСʱһ㶡
Ӧ͸Եһ߲һ߳˵ھŲ㣬ʱھŲϻҲ˫ɱĳ棬һʯȫŻźڶ
ƴŴȣϧҶƴû˹˼иɱ۵ʿìͣ׷ɱ
ȻһӰǰߵʯܳһͷұߵʯݣ˾Ȼһ˿ңǹƨɵģʱһô˲·
ôһĹ򣬱˾һԾ׷ǹݺǰһ̣һҽУѪܵìʹǰ͸˳˫ì⣬ҡһӣһͷ˵ڵء
ǰǵſڣವһ̽һͷɢͷһۣವһ˻ȥ
ҶСűվԼСĸΣŵľʲô״ôɱɱɱòɿҪҪܳȥҪʲô߱ɱߵֱӾͱǿˡ
ҶСп಻ʱ򣬷Ӧ͸µʿһţһߴһһˣһ˳ֵһ˳ֽƹƹҿͣҶС״֮󼪡
ɱųʯݣͻȻһ˹ƨܳȥŮû壬ͼͷɢģƨɵԲְף˶ʱһǵ˾ϣ룬ֻ𵶽Էȥ
ţţҪҶС𣿡
ҶСᣬԹƵһʯвͣȥŻս˫˶ǵ㱼ӰֻҶСñ죬ټͷɢģû˿ģ
ҶСȥģӻǼʯңͻȻ̨ǸףҶСҲȥæҵؿͷæҵժͷϿףٿۺͷһץǸì˳ȥ
ܴԴУʯű˽Ҫȥģȵ˫ս˽һȫĪس³ңȥһ
Ȼó⸱ÿ׻ټ˳ì˶ôҲ֧һ£ڳֿȭһϡ
ҶСôģȴһͻᱻˣ⸱磬Ӧ˻Ǹе˶˶ԷˣҶСһ¸ǶأǱ
ҲǸеˣҲӦˣǲҪ̫
ҶСųìǰһǹ˴£˵ʲôƫƫѸкӦ˵ֶᵽˣ˵۾һҶС磬˵ﲻ
ѽ
ʿ˵һĺ֣һͦǹرһ̣ҶС켲ˣ˽ߵңǽиǼܣϱ߼ܸ裬ľ̿ȼҶСóìһԻ̿Уϧæңֲأìɨ֧ϣ֧ɨˡ
ǽи¯һȼľֱ̿ӵ˱¯¯ͷ֮ȼյͨľ̿һȥ䡱һҲ֪ЩʲôŨ˳ʯҵ̴ѱðȥ
㳡ϣӦ͸ɵἰʮկȫۼ⣬ߵָʾǻ֪ѾһࡣʱͻȻ˸ߺðð
ͷͷѹѹһƬȺһ̧ͷȥͼ˱ֱһ̣ͨȼ̶ǺɫģȴǰɫģԵЩ죬ɫտ쳣ԡ
߹ˣ
ͽعȥĤݣȻվӳ˲ϵ̨߲ܵĹػĻΪͽָµָǡǡ죬Ͼ͸ʥӣµ˻ֳֻۣƽʥȣǰ
ҶСɨ˻裬ųìұȻ£ϳìܣ˰׷ҶСҲʲôǹֻ˫ȣԱ߻һţһͷײ˽ȥ߹߻谵е͵¥ϣҶСҲ룬˳¥ȥ
ͦǹĵ׷ȥ˳¥ܵ棬ȴһ¥мһڴӣҶСӱܣͦǹ׷˼ȦͻȻ׷ȥ
ҶС⧲æͷܣձһǹУҶСˣȻΪҩȫʹĸоȴӰٶȣ˼ȦۼرͱҶСͻȻ¥ľϵһ
ҶСһץֱ͵Ȧһֳֻųì˷һֹ̣Ƚ漴¥һ
Ѿ¥һ̨¥ɾ£Ҳ֪ǱǹͱԸðһԡ
Ȼ滹Сһɵľ㵽ͷˣҶСصײǽϣ˲ˤڵϣһɣ¥ǿھӡԭ
ҶСǱͷϵļͷųìһȳһյ̨Եɲ벻ҪɱԼֵڵĻսиûл·翴ܲӽĹӾֶΡ
ϴһɧἰʮկĲͽıϢݣЩͽӯʱҶСƨɣ״ųį̀ϡ
䡭
ͬʱ¹򣬾Ȼ۳һƵˣ˶Ĥݣϵظߺţߣߣ
ҶСվ̨ϣǰһĻˣؿ㳡ޱصȺĪҿûбˡ
ǰݵң
ҶСͻȻչ˵ĻʥϵȼһɹỤ̃һ߹ˣסµ綼׷׸ϵݼµߡµ߻Ϸֳֻۣƽʥȣվڸ߸ߵʥϽ˵Ĥݣ̴һȷǾҲɸġ
ڻ죬ҶСһͷͿǵİɫҶСʱ㵵úϲ£ͣ⡭⡭ǷۣǻƽʥȣŮ˵ǲףϲͼӴס
֮ɵǣҶСĲǵһνսɳʱսۣҾŴȶ÷ߵλʱҪЩսʿǹŴȵġ
ȻۡģǿϼƵĺɫëǸ˳ìĸ˶֪ˡ
һߵλѾʮǰ£һԵһߵλʱʽʽԶﴫЩҲҶСڣȴЩʿǲ׷ɱû˰ߵԭ
Щʵ󲿷Ҳ֪ߵλʱĴԭ⸱ģǿ˰𣬽ʥ죬ҶС͵̨Ϊ߲Ź֡ϿҶСװЩϵͽ඼ǲ䳤ĳɽկ
ҶСͷеΣұҪģͻȻߡѽܳ˼һء


 ˮ


01 
ҶСȻʶƨɣϽѴȲ£ôйڶĤݵЩͽ˭ôϸش
ҶСȲ£ΰθߣԵøˣ·ǧͽĤݲѡ
ҶСʽףִìͷϴһļ״սӭ⣬վڸ߸ߵ¶̨ϣһʱ֪Ǻˡ
ʱڽսӦ͸ͬʱһӦӰ֪ŴʥڳûܴÿҪǼʯҳñֶΰײ
ڸдսһţϾȥײţ򲻿Ҳ򲻿Ƚ˸Щȥʯȡзˣһȥʱľѳۣ˭Ҳ޷ֹȴȻˡ
Ӧ͸л࿴˿ͻȻ𵶽һ̨ȥߴѾ䣬ǻһƴʲô
ǳߵң̨ϹȻվߴбķĤݣʱ
˭˲ȸں󰡣
Ӧҧ޲ȥһŲ̋¹Ȼ˰಻סˣ𵶱ǰȥӦּۿ죬һץס
ȻķõĸߵλûбߣĿĵ˼֮ԺӦ֣Ϊ˵һδ´С
ۼµѾվ¶̨ϣȻֻзӵķݶۼӦҪȥ߲ͦϣȴ˱Ӧһס
ӦɫҡҡͷʱѾʲôˣʱǸκβľٶЩȵͽͻɷıǻɱˡ
ҶСãȻվ¶̨ϣͻȻоƺˣתͼӦлڶ¶վǶѴſڼȴûһ߹
Ȼ߾ȻҶС죬ɾ㵵صɴ۾ӦıҲࡣȻЩʣǴеĵҲ¶ѱɫӦҶС죬һȴ΢Цģ
˵̫һѪܱһḻ˸ա£οǰҶС조˵ĹϵδؾͲܸһ
˵ҶСŽ£ȴչͨ籨ţǰһҶСĪسΪߣӡ֤͸ִǰһȻɹһ뷨ҶСǰչˡ
ֻǵʱû뵽ҶС˾ȻôҪʹ밲ҽõĸУȻԼ䵱ߡȻԼҲܣֻҪ㹻Ĵۡ
һֿܣСӰչǻһЩʵʵĻ룬ʲôݣȢչҵĹߣ͸ӲܣʱԼлɳá
뵽ӦϵЦŨˣʱȻ֪׷ɱչʱ鼱֮ҶСҲһɵȱ֪ҲϣԣֻԶ棬ûԶĵˣһаհҶСȡ

ԳչʸϣۿҶСһͨ٣ˮ£һХޱȱ
ɽУʧȥеˣҶСͶԵˣԳѰһ㿴ת˲֮ʧԳǹµįŭ
챯Хһ᲻ֹչ¶ȥСӵΪ㣬ȫжԳ£ɽƵζȫɢЩȫ᲻ˣǵУŨҵζԶѨ֮ڣĳӺƺƵؿ˶Ѩ֮С
ǾԳչɽ£չ磬ۡһֿ˳žԳӣܳΪʲôͳңС컹ҡ
չķȭͷԳ˵Գȫľٶʲô˼ˣֲ񣬾Գͷɽ£һʹĳХ
չϰ˺ðΣĨתͷȥȻԶһֱİɫΪ֮һ㶡ֹƬ̣չĵѾλˡ
ʱչѾȫûȥ᾿˭õ֮λǸлӦӦֵõ֮λ˾ἰʮһկɽ֧֣ţҲ⹫ȥͷʹȥɣĶ޾İˡ
չɽƳһۣľ˵ȺҵļңѾزȥˣҪҪߣ
Գͭ۾ĪؿչֱȻ˼£ǾԳƺˣסһץ
ͷԳסɽУͼįͣ뵽翴һǿ׳ûʲôУǶİη壬ȴıܣʱ£СʱĸĽ̻壬Щӡ񣬴ӲԶĵط̤һԸ뿪Ȼ֮á
Գ̽ͷɽ￴һۣʵؽл˼Ȼ˻˼ᡣתһĴץסչԼͷ㰴ָʾɿԶȥ

ҶСߵĶһȺ˸ţʱѾЩı񹦡ҧгݱ֮صģްԲģ˿ȫһıϹϾϵȴǾἰʮһկеĴ󲿷֡
ҴҲ˿ӦҰģҲ֪һǿɲԸΪӦǰ䣬һӦǱȻĽ
ҶСͻ˳ߣȻЩǵ֮⣬ǱӦƵĸ֣ǻǸڼ⸱档
һߵʬ壬ΪνԾӣԤڣԴǰ׼ýͽ״⵹ʡҶСһͣͷһ᷵ˮԴİʬ崦ǡƽʱȥټϴʬĵطʯĶѨЩݱ˷֡
ƷɺëǴŸ޶ڴ׷ҶСþãȫ䣬޶һҶСζ׷鵽ң֪ǲҰıܣṳ̂ء
ƷɺëǺ˼һãã󺣰ĴмäϹȥصӵȺϢҶСѾչһˣһ˴ء
˻صһ죬ҶСչϢ԰಻סٳȥƨƨҶСǳĤݣ̵ʳ
ʱ˿̵ҶС쵱ȻûٹӣѾϵ̷»һϮ׵ߵĳۣͷһĽڣģġ
ѶĻƷɺëվȺУëǴŴ֣ϲúϲ£죺ѽѽѽѽ˵⳶զͲСĻأ˵¶á
ҶСѾʵҲἰʮһկңңһǿˮǶٺ٣ѦҵҲӭжˡ
˵ɣһߵ겻ǻ¹ôǲֹģ㲻뿪Ķ츣ôѽҸ̫졭
ҶСĻŭţҵðѵʹ綼
ʱ򣬰˴ҲΨһŮԣְЩڴϵĸжҩ


02 ϵ
ҶСǸòĺúӣһ򶮵Ͼͣݲͬעãһλ׷ԲԵֶ࣬ΡΡ߹Ͻӭȥòؽӹ룬Цǰϸģ֪ҶˡţʲôడȻÿŵͦġ
гҲǻ˵ˣֻʱԭô겻ʹúǻѾЩӲЦеشɲҵô˵һʳϾǿǺöλͬʱţÿʮųһ꣬԰ֻ࣬ߵλʱá
ҶСһϲüңôѵãʣ϶ǺöĪһںȥͻһϳ³ӿȪ澭һͨʱʹﵽ۶ԪϾ磿
Цеģ̵ؽ͵࣬һãƲ֣Ǻǣ߳ϣԺ󶼲ҽˡ
ëǵѽѽͦģΪɶöְһܺȵ㰡϶ŭĿӣƷɼ״Ͻǻһ߶ȥˡ
ҶСصľĿǹֳѾӰ̸ɫһֻ붼ԶԶģһ˵ȥܱһйƶ߳ϸǲڻ£ʱϲϽһ
ҶС챾Ͷĺˣ￴ϹϾļһѣȴûĶӣʱꤣһϡƬ̹ȸ⣬ưưζо͵û̫
ҶСѿݸУĨĨͣδضһ࣬˳ʣšʳϣһʲôöѽҶСţѾյߡ
Цеصһûôϡˣһ
žͺӣ᲻򶾲ְΪú˵ͱȽӲҶСԶѡáˡĻλ϶Ц
߽͵ߣǽģǾãǾ
ۣ
ҶСһպȽôһͣһھ˳ȥ
ޣޣ
ҶСһµøɸɾɫã˵Ͳˣ
߼ɫ䣬⣬æսߣ͵߲Ҫᣬ˻ˣǰҪǿֻ࣬ǲˡ
ҶСʲôΪʲô
λÿһͽ֪ƫƫλȴǿսģʲôضףҪֻ»Ҫһۡ
һ£˵ҽ̵һʱʹµĹءΪ˱̳Ϊһһ֮£ÿһߵλʱҪԼĺᡣ
ߵֻߣЩҲǹߣҪԼĺеͽĺӣԸһĳ羴
ҶСĵϻٳ羴Ҳģ
ҶСɫѿذ˸УΪСԭؽТ޺Ϊ󡱵Ĺ裬ҪӾʵҲɡ
ҶСΪʲôһӵô绨ȴûһˣҲΪʲôѱĶӣȴڻһ˽ӡ
һʼΪ߱ӣֻǲôλǣΪٹ˽űĲãһӴСͻݣ˵ߡ
˰߸Ůһ߸ڼ֮ǰڳΪ֮ǰ͵͵µһӡع⣬϶ϡ
вȻߣ
ҶСӾߣҲ
仰ʱȻܾٵߣǧڹ̴ûзһʱ֪Ӧԡ
ЩͽһоǿĹԹĴڴӲɣЩ˲һЩʣҲǳΪϣӴĻ֮ˡ
ˣڳΪߣûκϰޱȡǵ껹ʱ򣬱һγѡΪԼļ̳ˣҲǻϲءмغ¾ڡǵ߾Ȼܾλ
ɫѿصߡ
ҶСϽֵɱôƺҡ̫ûˣߴ壬ѡɣߣҲ
ߵˣ㲻㲻Ϸִʥȵ¶̨ʲô㻹ȼʥ̣ʥӣ㵱ǳϷأһҲ֪ʲôôָˣ
ἰʮһկȫߣ˵㲻ˣ߲뵱ܵҲ벻Ͳʥеʲôˣһνָе˵Ͼ͵ôǻά̶ԾἰʮһկɽľԿ
ҶСôУߵûлɣΪ״зû裬䵽ҶСϡ
ʱڶ࣬ȴǾἰʮһկͷи¡صĳϣʮһկһկֻˣҲٶˣӵǳ
Ȼӵ߱λøȴû˸ҹԴʾߵ𾴡ˣҲԶʱڳΧߣһɫʮѿ˶Ͻ˶š
ЩĻţλһ¿Ըߣ͵һǧɣνȰס˵
뵽пһλʹɫҶСߣȵϢȴ²ʾǵ˵
ҶСЩԥתһ룺ҲŸոյλҿǹָļ̳ˣܲҸȻץһ˳ɣἰʮһկ˽ֲͣɵ
˵롮㡯ҿѾˣǵĹҲԸңܵĻҴ򲻹ˣҪЩϰʮͷ̫Ŷ򲻹һҿ鶹һͷײ
뵽ҶСҲˣ˹ܸɴصãǺ̸
кҸҽһ£λӵҶСȥӦһֱ߹ҶС̸ǱסٺҶС˵һˣȻҲðǰʱҶСɰż
ҶСϵھŲ˵ظոձ̵ǴɨɾϵѪҲϴɾֻЩŴĵۼȻĿ
ҶС߻͵СĺһͨȰҶСǲɿڣۼ˵϶ǼɵأҰԼôҶСĵˡ
߼״΢һҶСߣԱ̳㴫µĹأ˸Υ߶Դ˹涨ҵҲû⡣߿ɷڴϢҵ취
ҶСȻԣǡ
ҶС컺ʩһ˳СűſڵˣתһСҲôɫѿվǶߵ߲֪ιʣִѡΪߣƫֲҽ̹ذ£Ǻã


03 з粨
ҶСһĹĵģϣһȥܵű߰ŷ⿴Ͻ˶ķ䣬ҶСת³һ
Ϊһ׮ĺôأû뵽ҪӾĴۣʲôʵ̫ˣһĥĥεűȽһҫ
ҶС찵ţȻע⵽Се񣬻쳣ǹ̽ʮ͵ղأȻӵֻ֮ҶСδϵãɲϴ
һ£ӱڹһֻ;Ḷ̌ҧһ£ȷǽɣ봧̫󣬶Һܳڻױ˷֣ҶСطŻȥͻȻ˫һַһö𵰡
ö𵰴죬οյģϱ˺öıʯӣҶС̾ǮﶼôֵǮĶ˳ֳԼ䡣
ҶСڿѰһȦ˼ͷСֲױ˷ֵıȻø̣Ͷٱϡһ⼢ʵ͡
վڣһ˾ͳ챦̣һߵλĹʵ̫ѪЩѾѡٷʲô⣬⡣
ͻȻһ̽һͷѱһһϳߣϽҶСʩҶСţڳһģڰ֣һӵţҪš
̵ɴ۾˵ʲôãװʲôˣҶСͷ̱Ȼſͣһֻƣﻹϡ
̼⸱ģ̲סЩЦ̫ˣϽסҶС칧ص˵ͷظ˼䣬ҲҶСܲȾͷȥ
ϳüûǸߵܣҲûǸƫǳһ⣬˵ߣֲǿô
ҶСִⲻߣν񴫳оͳһ置ĴЦἰʮһկҲɽЩһγԸ˾ΪͳߵĶǵӰ÷ǳޡ
ȻӦҶСҪǴǧĹذԸһƼߵѡǱй־ʵǾȨڵһΪ˾ߵţȴǧԺҶСôһ࣬뵽ܵغ硣
˰Σл˵ҾãǧĹأҲδؾͲܱͨһ¡λһλϵߣ߶ݵʵУ˼ǡ

̺ܿ͸ҶС˷ߵͼΪ˴ﵽϡࡱЧһϱ߻ɰ
ڸν⣬ҶС϶̶Դ˻֪飬ҲҰǶӾµ˵Ҳ˶ӣ˷Ĵ󵨵س
ҶСԵáϡࡱȻ˵ĶԻҶСϽɾ߹ȥţͼվͱ˵Ż
һҶС죬¶ϲɫ˵õĸûеߣҶСӵĸɵϵ񲻸һ㣿ϲ̵ضҶСߣҪ㣬Ǳ̲ҽȥ
ҶСԭ磬
ڿɲôƺˣϵߣɲҸֵܡô˵ȴüЦٲҪȥһŤͷǸҽ
ҶСĵ˼߽СƬ֮ʮʮꡢòݵӣ̲ģҲվűߡ
ЩƺĴģ֬󣬲ųʱΡҶСæɨһֻۣһʱۣҲֲ˭һЩĿɨʱ̫ҲУЩ⡣
̫վڸߣߴشͷȥģ˵ˡҶСɻص磬ǡô£
ɳƺԼΪ硱ͷ˼֣æЦǸկѡĵһһЩ·;ԶĴկʱæδֻܹЩʱѡ̷ͣߵʳӣҲչߵ
ǡ͸ҵģҶСһˮˣȻԼϾܾߣЩ
еǣ߿ĸģڵĴկѡ
Ƕ۰Ͱ͵ؿҶС죬δУ˻ȥǾܴ裬ܵıӣ˶
ҶС챻ôƯţȻоЩ˼һŮһһˮ飬һѸղƵģвġֻǡҪ߾ͲŮҶСֱ¡
Цеصߣǿɻô
ҶС֧£ͻȻʲôæˣôûпǰߵƽʱǺһסġ
ֳһĨɫΪҶС쿴ǰߵһεСߣǰߵǲġңѾˡ
ҶСˣѾǲǸԵĲˣ
ҡҡͷһ̷ôٷǰ߹죬ȻҲ׷ȥˡ
ҶСͷһʧ˵ǡˣ
΢΢һЦ׷߹ˡ
ҶСŭ˭µ֣˵ţѿſڵı̡
Ȼ֣ÿһ߹죬̷һߣǧĹأܹ׷߽ãǶϲĺܡ
Щòӷ׷׵ͷȻøȻҶС˰ƶ䶾ӴС˵һ˼룬ɱĸԸϲأеġ̫ˡ
мҶСЩæ߿Ƕǲ̫ô
ҶС
ûȻȻиضվſڵı˵˼仰վҶСȻһλžԳĹ˵չߡ
ҶСϲȻû£ԳҲôߣȥ
ҶС˵˳˳ȥкͱæȥ̫ú͸ѡ׼һҲ֪Ǹ׷ȥǴ߻
һ¥չץŰ֣һʵ˵ģţߣ
Ȼģһ֪ˡ˵һһߣСһĪؾ͵õߵĴУ̨Ĥݳߡȱ˵̫࣬Сĳʲô©
һߣͷȳ߳һľԳѾΧհĹΪչģЩȻΪˣһΧ̾ͣƷͷ㡣
ԳûмôˣźЩȻͺΪƣֻ̫ЩվǵУԳһֺȺĸо
ôΧţָֻţ£кܲͷʱȭأһЩΧæˣһŹչĳ䳤ֽŲһƨɵڵϡ
һŵĵڣͷԳͻȻһȻ̧ͷӣͻȻһХӴӼһշȻǿ׳˫һţ϶¥¥ȥ


04 ֻϦ
ҶСոճ嵽߲㣬ͼһӰЮһɾӭɽһߴ󣬿ײӣȻͣסҶС쾪һ亹ʶһ㣬ֻ˳һһ˱ڿնڿоҵذڵ
ͷԳж֮ܵľ¥һѽҶСץУ˷ܵ趯һʱ䣬ףָҶСϵĽ󶣶ص˳
ǾԳƤ񣬴Ϻ޸оѸкͱ̵һôôİ
ⴱÿһټܸܶߣǾԳץУڿлҲײͷҶС챻ҡճԹһҡзڲѣֻе
ǾԳһգְҶС§ǰĺ󱳣⼸ƣҶСıȥ
кͱ̼ҶС챻һͷԳץߣϰγɴʱԳҶС죬ķʽʾϲҶС죬һʱҳȥٿǾԳĶȴƺҶСʮȣкͱ̲
ʱЩѾһ߱Գץס֮ͦǹҶС˳̵ľŴӾԳǰ̽ͷһŵǹ˾ԳԳҪԴ󷢣ԼɾΣˡ
ҶСеͳͳסֵ֣ܣ
ЩöҶСĻǸзӦ죬ϽǰȥסǣҶСĻظһ飬ЩͣסŲȵؿһ۾ԳӴƥֿͣһҶС죬η߹ȻƽˣֵܾȻ˶Գ˸ߴ£
ҶСľԳֱۣʾԼȻԳ֣ȻбµģҲȳ˰ɣ
ǾԳҶС˵ʲôüЦӣԳҲܸˣֿ¶һЦ
ʱչ졢Ӧ˷׷չһۿҶС죬ʱεشһҶС죡
ҶСŤͷһӰû壬ͱ˽סϤĿչԴӶ޵Ĵûһʱ࣬͹֮ȻҶСĪ
ҶСչļοⲻûҪ˿಻˼
쿴һĻаùȻһȣ黹ͦ棬е鷳ˣǰǸСӣҲˡ̣ɲ֮֮ȥˡ

¥СϻڼҵرţȻ֪߷һСеƻһغ߾ܲʹɨأȽϣһأ
߳ɵǵĵĲǻ˹أǵһ߿ŮôǷ񻹿ǧصشȥһԼĹ⣬ȻԼﴫлҵǳһһ֮£
гҲǿԽҵ
ߵ˵
еһţ⣬УϳһԵɡסֵĴУ׼ҵŮȫްϵǽһ
ߴĻصʳϣλĺܣ֪䣬̸ŮˡǺˣǲТ޺ΪֻҪõ⣬ҿǾλġ
˳̣ϽλӣǾҪھἰʮһկǰ棬Ҫ˵þἰʮһկ̸ΣҰĲӦҲû֡
вŲæص𼱣һû˵ꡣ
ؿһλϣֵҽ̵һߣһأڼ֮ǰ£ô֮λ󣬾ҪһΣһҪ£ʶʲԷ⣬ֽ֮ԣһߣһҪ뿪̣µġ
üͷһ壬˼µĻ͵͵ףŮºԸȻصĻߣ
еҵ˼Ǹı̹棬ߺͳԵֻһΪ߻ϣ͵ø᳾ԵҵĳһĻڼ䣬ȢޡŮֻǴӦսȨʱ¶¾ͳˡ

ԥһ£λѯǵΣ
λ˽һ˹ʶҶСܾߣʲôغǺֻҪ̵ĴУҶСǷȢӣǵ̬޿޲ɡ
ĻҪԲ£ʵѾûеڶ·ѡ񣬼λϷ׷׵ͷ˿תеôʳΪԶ೤ʱΪޱȽϺã
΢΢۾ϸ˼һ˵ʮΪΣ
λĿ⣬ٶȵ˵ͷ

ʮ꣡
ʮ꣡
ʮ꣡
ߣ£Ҳûʮꡣʮ̫꣬á
СڣҶС챻ϿʼҶСּۻۡ
ҶСʮ겻ð㿴ڻûţҵҰɣˣý֤ȢɣȢŵӰɣ⺢ҲģҲ꣬Ҳ߰꣬ҵɣ˵øϱɡ
޿̵صߣ㲻ȵӸȢϱŻ°ɣ
ҶСϲҲ𣿡
߲ûιȥгߣΪв̵ĴڣǾݹǶ߲ˡȻڶûãǵֶοɲǹơ
ҶСɫϰţʲô
вȻǴ治֮٣߰ǱƵͶ·Ҳ¶һʬ⡣Ȼкܶ鷳ҲǱƲѡ
ҶСͷһϼһҪҷˣ̵ģĵ˿ź뵱ȴϣڲ뵱˶У
ҶС˼죬ʮ꣡үү̣ʮ꣬аɣ
λ˵һ˽ҶСѾһҲұƵ̫ṉ̀زٵľ䣬Ҫ˵ʵҲû٣ЩϾɡ
ҪǣǶΪܲµûʲôһ߼λڽֻһ꣬Ȼ¾ֽ֮꣬꣬ʮһֱڱչؿ޹ʵûô񣬶Ǵ͡
ĻʮʱòҲǲܡȻδܻһ죬ɸߵ˲ʮͷɽԣּһĶҽ˾ʮ׾٣ʮΣ
ڳϼѶֻصҶСԣɸȻãǴӦߣϣҲԶţ
ҶС룺ҵȡһҸϱһӣĻüʮ֮ǰûгңʮֻ̫̣Ϧ


05 ƺ
ߣ⼸ҪӼկկɽɽԼ䳤ϡĴ˾ǭشСλ˾½ϺҲӦοһ¡УĴϵȵһЩҲҲɡ
ҶС첻ͷص˵һλҪȥ𣬵Ƕˣһǵõȵ°
εصλ֮Ҫ°ǰĴңôҲüһǵ̬ȣӰ쵽λȹ̺ӰӦ˾ϲ⣬Ը߱⣬ͬӴʱҪ۶
ҶСģ˵˻˵ı£һеġɣἰʮһկЩɽկͳϣ㰲Ÿʱ䣬һһ¡ЩؿֻͣĴҼһºһǽӴ˵Һæ
ߣ⡭
ҶСģʱԽŵ˼Խ㵱¶һصߣǸη٣װŪ¶ףǵռ㣬˵ǲ
ʮΣƦСǻƵһ취ҲûС˵ͬǰЩ߻ǲһλʱһγѡļ̳ˣ̷ߡ
ߣߣǰϲŭɫԶҲ²͸ʲôͬ˾ӴľƣǺҶС򽻵ȴúܣҸһˣԼҲƺ˼ꡣ
߿ЦŴӦˣҶС͵ļ򣬵üˣЩ¾鷳ˡҺæĺæұ뾡뿪ûбҴҪ£ͲҪˡ
ߵǣһ£⣬Ϊ׵Щûȷѡǰʮλ½ѡʮˣҪǶ⣬ǾͶ¡
ҶСתҪߣ仰һӶס˽ŲЩﰡĸĽûлԺ뵽ЩഺϢģȵˣҶСоһѹ޺Ϊ󰡡
ΪһԣԺɶɺǿҵԣҶСͲðЩﶼԼߣòҲǺõģ٣Ŀįǿ϶Ϊ񲻹ϣ
ҶСԼԽԽеǱˣһ뵽һԼѪСʹĵ޷ܡ֪еģ̵˼ҹ
ǣҶʹ̾ϢһԸߵҲ֪ϾҪȥ¡ѡѵǵҶʮꣿഺҲ˵һǶѮԹˣˣǲҪˣѾҲͻȥ
̾ϢһĻȻûпǣӰǽһĺʧģǿϵԸԼһзߡ
ҶСγܡѹ߆µģҶСǿűͲᶨɫĶ˵ˣҶСϽĻǵⱾѾˣأǵȲĳϣǶʮǵŮǵԸ
޾λһǧΰһߣһ仰˵ˡ

ѡ͵Ĺ뿪ˣ߶˵ĺܿҪбһֱĹأܿҪ뿪£ȷ˲Ҫ̡ϵģѾܵĹˣ͸ǵġ
뿪ʱģкöǿ߳ȥģ崿۵ΰĴڣҲϵҪԼȫ׸ߡ׸ϵ̬Ȼ޷ġ
ҶСվڸ߸ߵ¶̨ϣǡÿ뿪ӰôλУҶСʶֻ̫ã̫õ񷤣ػͷǡÿվ¶̨ϵ
ôԶֻϡ̫崿ף޷Ŀ⣬ҶСȴƺܹо̫ԹĿ⡣ҶСﰵ̾˿ŮʵҲԹġ
չվҶСԣɫƵؿصͦ᲻ðɣ
ҶСȻصôأǣһ仰¶
չҲԼô¶߻ûʶӽһҶСӰѾԿҶСӣؾԴˡ
ҶСôһ˵չɫոһҶС̾˿ĵصһᣬÿƣһӸôƯһġ
չ
һԣ޶Գ㿴ңҿ㣬ɫĲѺáԳֻ൱ڼĺӣ޶̱ҪһЩǶҶС쵱ԼˣȻͷ
ҶСว˭һ£ι˭һǿż򵥵ͻҶСƺ۰ԷһЩԱ˴˼ܲѺáֵж״̬ŵõ˻ܸı䣬ڻС
ֻԳֻҪһ죬һ࣬޶ȴô綼ȵģ۾ɵٴҲһ̬ҪǱ͸ˣԳ﷢һͳһף޶ͷХӤУѷˡ
ҶСҪ뿪֮ǰкܶҪҪ̸һЩҪĲ죬Լողλλ³ϴ뿪̺һЩ飬˽̵ʷһЩء
˵ÿһ߶Ҫ£ǲһλ߶Զеģһ߳ô죿ÿһԶУʵﰵﶼдԲ߰ȫ
ҶС⣬ǰûнӴ˵Ҫʹͬͼּ޷񲢲ҪΪ̵ùƾͳЦҲ̽ϰϰ
ҶСֻӦѧϰȴ˱ɲϣʮܿɹҲǽңÿ߶һȺ˶ţЩҡݸ߹˵ܴСϰˣǶҶС˵ȴܵһ¡
ҶСϲλƺҲϰˣǲ㳲գֻܺҶСĥţͼҳһ˫ܽܵİ취
ڵǣǲұ̫ҶС첻ҶСҲұ̫ҪǱƼˣϼһû׼ܸɳŪɻ˵¶ʱ˵ڤ룬ͨһͨһǿҲ˵Ĺȥ˭öءһ˫ĹϵϻǢ
֮ӦڵõҶСĽӼӦѾ£ҶСֶΣǵ߽СŰɫ߻ۡͷڵҶСʱȴϴ˴㡣
ⳡ壬Ϊк͸ߵȰ˴ϵʶǳıӦǰԿȫͬˣֳ£Ӧ˵ʲô
Ӧı⣬ڹҶСΪ߲һݺ֮󣬱ҶС⺮̸УӦϤҶС콫չ̵Ĵͳ£һһ⡣


06 
һ仰һֱ㣬һֱûʡ
Ŀл԰ҶСµضչ
չȻðͻȻҶС仰һŷĶʱС¹ʱϼ죬չƺҲһϼ
Զ޶;ԳһҶС챾ǷֵĺúõģͣԳӦø޶ļǣǸ޶Ϊһֻ絽ͣʳգʵڲ
ҶСŷһ£˾Գһð񣬸˴ȻԳ͸޶ȻԴ˶⣬Ҫһʤ
èԳĸ޶ԳӴΣҶСֿˣѵһͨڲٳԴܡ
ǣ޶ܵԳߵĿһֻֻٱԼǱߡԳʵڣֱӰѸ޶ǿ˹һԳһѡһľʽ˭ԵĿ죡
ǰܺһѣ
ͻƷɡëվһù£ëǲͣժϵĹԼͣͻƷɲԶԶؿҶСչۼƺǸԵõ¶治Ҳ졣
չЩңЩ£ЩڴͷϸӬʲôǾ¡
ҶСҿ˰㲻ִҡ
չ촽ҡҡͷԣֵͷ졢ĸˡ
ҶС㡭ºŽʲôţ
չһӦʹͰôŶҵ֪ˣǽӦְĪΪѾ֪ҵֲ֣©ڣҴºţ⺺˹ػ࡭
չͷߴص˼ҽе˼ºţʲô컢ʵʵ˼һ㶼Ե
ҶСԶԶԣǰ컢һֱ氡˵ǹôʲô
չԽԽͿĵʱʲô治֪ʲô
չţʵʵѽһӨӨºš֬ļҵĴС㣬ļҺμסһºŰ׻
ҶС쾪̾׻عȻ翪ţôص¶ܽеô
չ̧ͷãȻʲô¶
ҶСĵĪ׺ν׻ô˵ֻ׻Ҳδ˼
չȻ֪ҶС뵽ĶȥˣȻһЦΪðףϲףǵִûк³ԲŵôһºšЩʲô
ҶСĵȻ
ҶСЦûʲôҾǺ棬һֱѵôᣬѡ
չһʧԹصͷȥ
ҶС쿴ЩģȴΪʲôģĻԾһգ㿴εȿԶΪ飬㳪׸
չһ񵱳μӸмʱܾһæֵҲᳪ裬ҪҪ㳪һװɡ
ҶСЦʲôʱôСвᳪģǿɶĻ񰡡
չΪصҲᣬĲ
ҶСһɣ㳪һףʲôС
չҶСеĿ⣬ȻĲܾԥһ£ŵǡҾͳһףҪǳĲãɲЦҡ
ҶСȻ㳪㳪ôأҲŲЦ㡣
չһ£ͦ𽾰ţһڳҶС΢Цؿ˵һλǸǺεȵ
ڸɽһιӴӴӴӴϴӴιϴ°솪ιɺӴӴӴӴӴι࣬˼ҽҵö࣬ҵò࡭
ҶСչĸ˶ܿƵس鴤ڸΪӰϣҲɽģӺϤ˿չĸɽƺôһ
ðɣʵܵˣܵҲˣƽʱ˵ͦɤΪʲôһͷ·ڿޡںԳǲҾţչСĸֻǧǰȫˡ
չһ룬ͻȻͣ£ߵصͳһΰɣ±˼Ҳ̫ᳪܵġ
ҶСüëһ㣬ĵܵ췽ȥ˺òã
չüңߵҶСһۣ˼ҳĻ𣿡
ҶСŬԵټһƴճһȿ޻ѿЦݣţͦġҾеŲֻҪٸԼһġ
ҶСʵͦ˵ѵģѻһƤգģǴʱ˿̣ʵڲļ˵ˣ˵ȥģɥİ
չõҶСĹȴĻŭţҶСȻһЦ˵ЦݣҶСܵǿҴ̼Եõ滺
ʱ򣬱Ѿ˰ëǺͻƷˣֻ԰ʱҶСչĴħû겻ᣬԸûע⵽
ͳ챦ҵëǺͻƷʱص߲վͽ뿪λߵĺѣǳЩиλк
Ϊ˿Ժ߹ͨѾ˼˵ʱǴģеһ˰ѱ̵ĻƷɺëһ˵ëǸϽѿеһˮӵ·ϲ˲֣ϲصǳ̫Ҫǣ಻˼
˵ô˵ȲӭȥƷɶﵹ޿޲ɣѴ׷ҶС죬˵йҶСиǣǺˬشӦ
̰Ǵ¥һ䳤ϻµĵãͼϹ߻谵мֻ״¯ȼһִϣɴϿһˡ
ëǶʵأɶͰ
ƷͻȻһͷֱ̲ſȥӸոУһͷȥëǸϽȥԹզëë㶵أһ仰û˵꣬һҲڵ²ʡˡ
ʱ򣬸ߴĻת˳֣
ߺͼʿʱ֣һƷɺëǾߡ

һƬɽֵأɽʮӪʡڹλѶ£ӦְӪǨ
䲻ӦӦѾˣӦߵĸɸְ¹ƶԱƣͬʱǵļҲӦ֮£Ǳݶǲܵġ
Ҳˣ˴Ȼǲ̫Ӵ治ʲôģʱظˣΪ̫֮Ҫܳ
ǣἰʮһկյһǿЩѱɽ磬Ҳֻ̣ͨǸΨһϣֻܷҶСϡ
Ӧķһ˿Ц⣬ãͻȻһŮӵһ£ңң취ͻߡ
ǸŮӱ׹Ծȵ̧ͷˣ
Ӧصɴ£һʱһ֮׳꣬ȵ𡣴壬ңңصȥɣ˵һ벻ķӣ


07 ֮ŭ֮ϲ
չͷ˿Ҳķġ
ҶСãȻͷԳԵص˼ˣҲûˮˡҪ£ĶȥˮĻҡ֪ʵ˼ҳĲãһһúһ׸裬ˮֻһ
Ů£Ѿ׵ԣȴ˺չһίԸ񣬵ֵ˾أȴǲȻرֳŮĽ̺⡣
ҶС鳡ʵǴһֻƽʱ컬࣬·о飬ǶŮʵǺ˼ҰԼʰ׵Ժ񵽵ȴɱӾ˵ĸ
찡Ҹġˮܲȥǲȥ˰ɣ֮ǸϽţϽӣʱȰ
չҶСĲ˵ΪԼ⣬ͷøˣҲ߲״֪ҶС˿룬²ǷһŰǾסĶ𣺡һ¿¿Ĵ
ҶС֧Ų֪λش𣬻ƷɺëͻȻ˹߻ŸߡƷɫ糣ëȴһҶСզզߵ磬氡г氡
ҶСųɫ䣬һԾ𣬾Ĺ˵ģģ˵ҶСȻԼȹ㡱³ӣ԰ϽִȻصߣڻ
ëǿɥָԼĶӵ磬ô߰ڰҲ߰
ҶС˵ǻ׳棿
ë˵ĵģ߱Լ˵Խ˵Խ񻰣ֻÿһǰ˵߲صģֻǸǷһֹƳ棬ֻҪÿ귵ŵҩѹƹƳķʲôµġ
ҶС쾪Ƿƶʲô
ߵִⲻʿһߵ˽⣿Σ˭ȣҪмҳϿɿǲŷģ֮£ֻó²ˡ
˵΢Ц˵ǿиǿ֣ƶҲǲɽ⣬ǱµĹƣõ鷳ַ¼ܽ˹Ƶľ޽УǺǣһǸߣҲͷˡ
ģҿǷƨҶС첪ȻŭһѾסߵ죬вϸǽⶾŲһɱ㣡
˵Ļţ̵Ȼϣǵе㲻ŵǰǶҲ档
һǧٶĴУкеλȥµģΪ֮еĴ˶Ǵӳѡ񣬶ϴӵʱ£Ҳ뿼ǵ
ùƵˣҲҽνˮԺԲƣϱȴҲ⣬ǿ϶һӦԵĴʩ˵λܵ쳾գԹϣܵͷ
ǲô˵Ȼǹѡļ̳ˣҲ˵ʶ˲ǵŻǻһӰûԸľ棬֮ΪҶСİȫɷѿġ
Ǹ߸Ʒɺë¶һĿģǵҶС첻뵱ߣ뿪̺ɴ֮󼪣ͨٹҲ޴ȥˡ
ͨʱĽӴҶСΪ˺޹ϵңңϧգϼ޻ĳϿҶС˺壬ûƷɺëΪֻҪ˩סˣͲҶСܵ
ҶС컹һȶ֮ززͷȴ߾İ취˩סȻ߳ŭ
߱ҶС쾾ס죬ȴǲ㳲գ΢ЦţҪɱңʵöֻ֣ҪԸһ䣬ʹȥϷʹˣʲôֻҪϵ̣޺
ҶСйåˣû취ѵϼһ
΢ЦһҶСǷһ񣬵ûбķԸ¾͸ˡ߲ʿ׷棬²ҿΪߣһ˵ȥҲе㲻ӣͬ²߹˻Ҫģ»һʵѡ¸ǣ
Цתȥëص磬г桭ô찡
ҶСûص͵ǻ׳ˣֲҪ
ëǵŶò׳棬ʵ׳ѾܶˣҪǲ񣬴磬Ĳ£³ӡ
ҶСһۣԻƷǸȻû뵽߻ʵڶԲס㡣
Ʒ΢ЦҶ磬㲻øôԴӴұ˸ĸ˫׵ѪƷɾѴҪ׷һһ˳ɣҶˡ
ҶСִļϣжëԼĶӣ˵صҲŴ簡гкȣΡǲг桭
չȰ˵Ǽ䣬ͻȻż˷ɿܹһҶС죬̱ϲɫӭ˳˵˼仰ҶСãȻ˵ʲô
һʿվҪ룬չѾϲɫصңңټˣ
ҶСϲϽʵģģ

ɽ·ϣҶС졢ƷɡëǺչڼʮʿĻ´ҴҶСһߣһһҶС˵ţչҶСߣһ롣
չʮһʯᾣʯƽʱȥмԻ׷һͷ˵Ұⷢƺʯл
֮ǰӵзϢ֪ҪץһСŮˣǶˣжϾ͸ϹȥҪס˾Ȼȳ֣һԻԻǳַһӣһֻӽ֣׷ϡ
ҶСĻʵңңأûҵ
չǸѯ˼䣬عͷϲصҵˣ˵ǶзּҽоסĺۼһȥץߵǸˣһ߽ҵһŮ
ֻǲѾֻͨǺӿ޽ʱֹһᵽңңǸвίѰҵǸӡΪ·㣬ų̿ŶͰģ˭֪ôӡ
ҶСһʯͷ˵أϲңңû°ɣ
չЦʹˣǺӺúõģδܹʲôŰ
һϣվԿɽļĴԼ᾵Ĺʯԣ°ңңǸɽ͵վϣһҲͻùȥܡ
ЩɽԻΪ⺷һطͬ麷Ȼ˿ڵ׷
ʵڽʱɽӾѾˣΪӦǣңңǣҪġǾͷĵȥɣǵļˣһúϡ
ɽӺǵ˾үһʲô飬ӲѪ飬¾;ģȻңңĶŮ٣ңңΨһĹ⣬ңңΪҲǲܵġ
Ǹǵĸĸ޶ŰĶԴԣֻĸԸ·ѡġɽһۣ߬еĵһ޷˵Իȥ
ಡһһ֦ɽӵһԾ𣬷ĵ߸߾ٹͷԻǵͷ¡
ĵδ˼κˣ˻ڿУѩԲӭߺ͸ݺͱȥֺݺݳȥصˤڵʱϾŸѪ顣
ɽӶˣ۾ôģĿ


08 ȥ
ңң
С磡
ҶСڰ·ϱңңңңһҺӱţɽ·ϣһۿҶС죬ңңͼҺӸհ£ֵֻӣһͷ˵ҶС컳ۡһ
ңңǰļҺӱνվһߣŵ˵ǰ˾ǹߣŵæڵأϵҶСߵͷֹ
ҶСңңĺ󱳣ȥᣬȻȰƷϣ߹ȥǼҺһһ֣صл
ǼҺ˷룬֪Ǳʾл⣬ŵǲſ¿ͷҶСԼݣЩӵɽ纺Уϵĵλ
л֮ҶСֽӹңңο۲ˣⲻǻôԺСһúñ㣬Ҳ˰ץˡЩʲôطû۸㡣
ңңģ˵ЩôС磬ô£ҶСһ߰һѯʣĵѯãŰңң˵ĵĵĻһͷ
ңң˵ҶСðŴ뿪ջ󣬱һСţС죬ֻܺ͸޶ˣСǰǡ
һȻŽСЩվѯݣиɽͻȻһͳ嵽ǰޱȵصݳһ̽ʺ
Сһȥͷصؿϡңң״ŵҪУȴһ˷ɿӹһҩζĲסͣͲʡˡ
ѹʱѾװ¨ɽڴ˺ܾãԴһ´ҶС˴˺Զɽ·ǿҩζĲϣͻ˹ȥ
ٴѹԼһɽԱһŽµЦеذǿСǰСľƣ˾˵ңңףνҪؼȥġ
ңңȻĪһСͺܶ£Ҳûп޿ֻ֣˫ֱϥŶţϿڻһףֻóĬӦԡ˶˵һԾȤ߿ˡ
֮˸տңңǴӲŰֻǴӲ뿪ɽһһ죬ǸԳ׵˵ңңǲҲֻЦ˵һߵˡ
㣬½أÿʱ䶼̣ܶмʱҲܳæӡÿңңͱսͲֻ˽˵м㣬æʹؼңԺҲ۸
һֱ죬ңңͻȻֱɽԵʱѾһɽɽɽڶںһ˵ˣԭӦĺôҲûˣ⺢͵ߣںЩǮƣںתҲһˡ
ңңǵĶԻܺ£װʲôûӣǷɾȥȡˮʱ˳ڸɽ׽ˡԲءٺͷЩ塣
ʱҶСһ·ЪϢҶСһʯͷϣңңϥ˵Գңңʱɴ𾪣ϸֺеˣ˴Ļ°ңңľٶûкĽ͡
ֻǣңң˭أģ⼸ʵ٣ȨеλҲֻһһʱȴ˭ˡ
ҶСңңңңҲǸԳǰӲ˵ҲֻεЦ˶ĸ׵ӣԴ֤ȷңңңңʱңңСԼĸӡǳĺܣ֤˵ǲ滰滰˻ǺиҸС
˼ңңǰʼһԲȴҲٶ˵ģÿʱԵĺòã˯úòãپǱ֤æͷϵʹؼҡ
ҶСģңңҲɲ꣬ССͣ˵˵ĳ࣬˵һ˸ͷͦߣ˳źӣ˵ܺȵȡ
չˣңңôСʲġ˭Ѿˣңңһͺáۿɫ磬ǻǻȥɣҪ档
ҶСңңϹŵǸľ˼չ仰΢΢˵ͷδɵңңߣǻȥ죬СؼңԼļҡ
ңң§ĲӣϲصһֱչңңҲҰɣ
ҶС΢ЦŵͷţֻҪԸţչһӣ
ǼһֱϹϾվһߣҶСʱҲʱһһڵǰ׶ҶС˵˼仰
չ˶ҶС˵°ңң˶ˣʱһ嵶
ҶСְǵץǿڵƤĵʣԲ̻ͭĵ̿ĥ˿ʮ־Ҳ֣ܳ˳ƹԼ䡣

ҶСҪ뿪ȥ¡ˡʱ˴һɸѡҲΪҶСѡһԣˡ
ҶСߣܵߣΪѡ߲ˣж졣
ҶС쿴˿ˣͷͺͷӣָݣһϮۣ΢΢ӣƺе޹һ˫۾΢΢ţ͸ϢȾЩϲʵ죿Ƕģ
ЦӸԸΪգջںߡж׽죬ж졣үүв׵ȫ첨
ҶС조Ŷһ´켸ۣûʲô飬˶ȴҶСʶ䣬ֻһ̱ǹôһ̬
ҶС̲סʵΪʲô۾ңһģ
ȻǶģҶС⻰ЩΣЦŽ͵ãҪ۾ܿߵģѾҪҵˣϵߵĳôС
˵꣬Цת죬ǰߣԺҪҵģϾʱ㴫߹
촹׵ǣ
ߵߣҵĵ֮һ̳ҵ²ģϧ⺢ӲͨʣΨϰϲʵѡ߹ȴѡˡ
ҶСһһӰֻӶʥ飬оǹƣһ˸Լߣ϶ҲԼ飬ԶòЩģʱŵЩ˳ˡ
˴˶жӹߣҶСŻƷɡë߳ȥһһѵߵβʱȴֵزҲȫˡ
һߣأʮ꣬ôһѵõϵĻᣬôⱧҶСĸɶӡС
ڸ׻ﺨ˯Сָཽɰ˵˶ҶСڻȻ뵽ԼȢӺҲһɰСȻڻףȴһָĸо
ٻŮҲһ⣬ֵõģҶСţ˯Ƽһ£м¶ȷǷĵϲӣЦЩϲ£졣
ҶСƻʱȻע⵽ԱƺԹĿԼĿٿһתͷʱȴ̫촽ͷԼĽż
ҶСȻԼԸ˵Ǿ仰ʮ̫ŮҵĻһС񲻳Ҿ˾ˣ˾ҸɶӣɶҾ˾ˣⱲô۵ģ


09 
棬츺վڰϣȻŶΪˮĹϵֻӰӰ´µĿӰɾ
չԱߣŵڵ㣬Ưһֱھҵضֱؿˮ棬ȴ·ȫûпƯ춯
˿̾Ԥϰ˭뵽һȺȥй̵ĵһϡڶϣ׵˾үȴСӡ
չҧŴ
͵͵ؿһۣ̾ϧǲܻġҷ˺ôľŴҶСļ֣˴һȢޣأֻжʮ곾Եϧֻжʮꡭ
չҧŴ˵гճյ룺ֻҪÿʮޣҲùζͬĹһӰɡ
ҡͷ̾ôʶһ˼ҾҪǴµĻȥϱͲȥ𣿡
չͻȻһֻԱƵһǱȡ

ҽһ˺ǵƽںϲûбߣΪѾѹ
ȻˮˮԻܺãˮεߣǱչŭ۸ңΪʲôң
չص˭Цҡ
ײЦ㣿
չЦŸ̧𣬽żأԾԾԣ˵ûУ
ʵʵر죬ƨٷһ
չһʰͣ㣬šһ·ϵˮһۣ̲סǷˣҪȥȥôģСϱƵôǶйˣܵʲô㣿
ۣ
չһǱȣصҽˮİ죬һһٵص⣡
һδˮջɵص㹻˰չٸһԣҿҪᷭģҷȷ黹죬һԼ˶¡
չû˵Ѿõˮ׼İʱʵеҵģһػͲҷˡ
Ĩһϵˮչһȴɴ۾ź棬һŵı飬˵ǾϲӣǼʶһŤͷŷˣչĺݻ̤˶
ҶСվǰ棬һϮ£ƮƮɡ´˱񷤵ɫ˻ڷϷڣӺ߿ȥҶС̤˼ϡ
쿴ɵҲǰһ˿װ𿿽װôһ磬Ƿѹء
ţʶؾ˵˳֪õչһۣҴ⣬Ҿ㣡
˾úʹģСʱֻһǺ«űȳԣȴϰȳûҪѱ߲ݣɱ˼˼ҲǺõ
ע⵽úܲȻޱߵķ˿ĵ½ͦЩζˣŮ򣬹˳ϲѽ
Թ԰ʱѾһʻߣȵͣ߾ڷϣǻӵ˼ĻǾһʹ˻
һͣȣҶС˰Ϳˮˣָðˣð֪ԼǱһĻǹȵص֣ôˣ
š˰ˮ΢Цűõһ㣬ǰ㣬С
ҶС조ȻԭˣزСɷһۣ
ϧصϧѹˡ
˵һҶСվչߣվһ߽šˮ˵ȴչܹյض磬Щ䣬ȥѰɣ
ŶԹߣһתҧгݣҲֹ֪Щʲô
չɿؿҶСһִۣͷȥ׼ȥģ
ҶСĵȻǻͭʣ䣬ǳ͢ϿɵĹλŹŵĶŹǲǹҫ¡ȴֻöɽ磬ҵȻǸϽȢӣϣˮﲻʲôᡭ
ҶСţõصҴȥͭʣЩδ֮Ҫ˶ϡ֮һһɡ
չᡰšһǡ᲻ȥˮ
ҶСֻҪѦ֮£Ȣý޻ȥֱǣ븸ĸ֣֮Ե޹ȥˮʲôһҿɣڻ˵
ʲô
չ֪Լջ⣬ϴ԰⣬ҶС룬ȴг桱ëǸˣΪҶСӦأʱһüһޣЩˡ

չѿڶֻ˵֣뵽ҶСȷȷʵʵӦֻһԸ뷨вࣺѵλѦұĶˣƢã˼ҿԸ
ҶСɫ죬Ц⸱飿˵ôҪ˵ʲôʲôһҪ˵ǧҲģٰʲôë
㡭
չŭ̧ȴûߣֻ£ͷҶСҴӦ㣬úһ׸衣ҳ㲻һӣٳˡ
ʲô
ҶС׷һ䣬չȴת첽ȥҶСɺؿıӰͷʧЦôӹֵֹģǰ˰ɣ
תһ룬ҶСԼúЦôܣҲ̫ˣ˼ҿչҵĴС㣬ڹݵϹһĴڡ
Ҫ˵ʵ۵ı粻Ҫ˵ңڣչλ˾ҵСĻʼҹ缸֡ʲôݣʵϣ˵˼λСϲֳڳµĶˣڳ໹ࡣ
ҶСѹûȥˮûٸչСнҲû˼Ļչ֮ҶС뻪Ʒɡëǡңңλ̱ĶһϸͭʣڸǷ˰׷棬ҶСһ·ϸ۲һ£ûС
ҶС쵱Ҵ׷°ңңˣ뿪ջִܲ٣ûãǮȻҲûнᣬ˷ȻȥǼҿջ
ҶСջţҪкջƹ񣬾ͼѧѵүӳһ߳ǵƹЦظں档
ҶСλѵֻһ棬λѵȡĹؼȻμģһҶСϽӭǰȥҾһѧҶС죬ѵ
ǵջҶСϢˣǵƹҲٲҶС죬ոմѵҪš
Ϊ˱סԼǰ̣һҲѡųòҵһʵѡҲ෽̺·ӣȴǣӣʹ䲻ʮֲá
ߵſڣ㱻ҶСסҾʩһ̶ϲһץסҶСԭ㣬ˣЩȥбٺҡ


10 ݽ
ҶС̾ԵɣʵһѾ˵ѵѰģѵһͬطϲ˵
ǵƹĿҶСĿɿڴص͹٣Ȼˣ
ҶСҵΪʲô
ƹ֧ǡ
ҶС˻ţĪǿͷת˱ˣ
ҶС컹˵ˣƹĵȻܰͷôãҶС޺úѾס˱Ŀˡ⻹Ƕη粨һʱ䣬һʼ˴ЩҪôסĵ꣬סҲǲҪǼķġ
ƹĵȻϣЦĶأֻǷ䷢Ƕסٸֳ飬һʱҲסˡȻˣⰲһϷǡ
ҶС쵹ںͷӦƹıϽԸСȥ׼ͷƹıصҶСߣЦ͹٣ֹѰأٸҲҹˡ
ҶСѯС֮˵ʵҲҵʱصͷңңʧ٣СѾˡ
ƹĵǣǣ⺢ӡһˣ°˵أ
ҶСңңĺ󱳣һˣ֣⺢ɽ֣ɽɱˡ
ƹһ̾صҪܻ׽źãЩ鷳
ҶС쾯صôٸܲΪɱ˵Сɣ
ƹЦôأ͹Ե޹ʵΪҪɱС£඼סֻǡ
ƹ¿ѹصصǳǽׯһѦңȴٸ״˵ɱǼءΪ˹ٸҵ䡣
ҶСͷһĵڻǷˣɺ϶ͼܣѾǳսУ֤ڳԼϾͿϴˢȴЩѡ
ҶС뵽ѵѾԵƹٰź÷䣬ϷҪ˵Щ²ˡ
ƹһѵЩãæӦһһ̶ߵˡѵתҶС죬յׯǼ£Ҳ֪һѦӣɱģ
ҶС켱æ֣ţСɳĻ¶˵ͻȻ뿪ͭҲĪĹһ԰˵һСϸ˵
ʱСѾź˷䣬һļ䣬ƷɡëǸһ䣬ңңȻǸҶС˯һģҶСҲһŮ˯һ䣬ɸ޶;Գͳ⡣
ǵƹĿκ˵ľԳܵˣҶС֤ǵƹĲսսӦ͸޶һ䷿
ʵһͷţһƥҶСǣȥˣǾԳʵǸһЩټͬҶСȻڿڸ޶Ǿ͸˵ˣգǿңңһ鱦
ǾԳʵ̫׳ЩȻȥҶСǮƹĲſԸСѴжˣӴȥҶСΪǰĴڣǮСڸ˼Գ͸޶ϲֿʼ˾Ա
ҶС췿ҶСѵ˲裬ף챩зһУѵԭԭ˵һ飬ڵɽؾǡ߼ǻһ£Ϊ̫ףͱҶС˹ȥ
ˣľѵ̾ѣѵҶСĻ׵ϷˣڼҲÿˣͷϷͽ˸Щ
ҶС˵ԼʱľΪȡѵñΪԼɱ֣ȴѵԴᶼᣬȻֱΪѧ˰ţһ
ѵ⣬΢΢һЦ˵ûɱˣǱûɱˡרıͺã㲻Ҫģһȥ֪Ŵкˡ
һ׮ӣѵУ赭дһ仰ҶСȻһ֪ģȴƫƫЩ
ѵһǣҶСһĻƷɡëǰͳջѵȥıӰë̾ڰҲˬӣ˼вһС£ȿŵ¶Զٺãֵطٺð
ʱ˶ûע⵽ֽиһֱѲǶҶС˽ջʱ˾͸͵˵仰ʱֽضǼۣ㷵ȥ

ҿˣҿǻˣ
һĴشѦңѦĸԺι仰һ£һӶ˵ϣæӭȥ˵ˣ
ǰͷţҿģϻǴӰǽǸˣ˺üֻصǼҿջˡ
Ѧĸӹһ˿ݺݵصãɱǵҵģңڣȻĿŵػ
Ѧĸߵ£ժ¹µĿӣһ𼦵ݸǺӣȥЩǴлġ
ȣлл
Ǻÿȥﶢţÿһһ¸һ𣬰Ǻϲúϲ£죬ϽżȥﱨϲѦĸ֣Χȹݺˮ裬ˮ裬ȥһˡ
Ƭ֮ˮ贩һɫѳſڣ࣬ݵģ°ͼģԵһ˫۾ˡֻԭĵգʱ˼㲡
ˮҪȥôŮܾã˲ǡ
ѦĸŭŮɱˣ
ˮһؽͣŮǡ
Ѧĸһץסߣҧгݵصɱֻˣߣȥţйٸץ
ˮһʧˣֻͭʳˣ
ˮ۾ͻȻ˹ʣ֣һôŮ˵
ž
ˮ軹δ˵꣬ѦĸһǶصϣˮԾؿĸףѦĸԹصˮ裬һһصТŮǸ˵һûҾͲŮ

ˮίؽһ

֪ţѵϪ˾칰ֵϴˣͭѾûһˣȥˮϱߺѵ¹һḶ̌¹Ե𣬿ϴҲ޹ⰡһΣ¹ٺò׷һ֮ţͭʸЩ棬Ƿǣ¹Σֻúϴˡ
ѵеλϴʵһ㶼ϣʮ꣬ϴֻһٳϵĳõĶ˾ơλŴӼ̸ְΪ֪ͭģʮ֣꣬ΧʮɣҲʮɡ
֪һһȦμƣǷѵˣ֪¶ɣǲôⶼˣͭʸټĵطȻһţҶûš
ѵεصϴˣ¹˵׮˾
ִ֪˸Ƿɶ˾Ŷ֪¶Ͳùˣ֮أΣͭʸһÿٿˣ汾⡣
̡
֪ЦԶԶĺǰԺѵϽʩй¹پ͸ˡ
ȥȥɡ
֪ӬƵĳѵڰ֣Ȼ㵤һ𣺡˭ǣĻʲôģ
Ϊֻ֪ʵڲ˻ɤŶҲó棬Ѹո߳ȥѵŵһˤͷ


11 Ѷ
һ۴ǰܵլ֪żҵլԺʵСһ·ܹ۵үѦϻԩ״ҶС캦򡣡
ѵ£ô̵ʱ䵹ˣʱüͷһ𣿱ڲ飬ڲ飡𣿱æܲÿʹǼǵ¶ɣȥٸҺһģҹá
۵үѦ˵ҶСټүã
֪˳ֳ𰸼ϵĲ豭ˤ˹ȥҲ秵ԳƱˣƿڴ̵ģӸ˵˺æףٸǼҿģץ˾ץˣؼҵţʱʱԻȥץٸҹãȴʮ塣
ǲ豭۽£һҲҶ˴үԸ˿һ̶˳ȥ
ʲôүæšѦĸһȥ۰ˮһ_ĿȵٸǰϳͲ
Ѧĸ޵үǲɷԩɱ־ڿջֻҪһȥܰλү
ѦĸͻȻ׹æӻǮ߬һѴǮү񸾲Ͷǰ࣬ǮλүȥȲ衣
ǲ۲ȻŭүַԸҶСк̨ģץôץˣ㻹Ǯңֲãⲻǲ˵ˣҲ̫£ôǮӾôգ
òͷŭסѦĸ죬Ǽ⣬ǰһѦĸһƨգòͷŭȵϹ򱾶ͷ̰¸
ѦˮסĸףŭصΪˣִй񣬻Ź״ˣ
òͷ¿ۣһһ˦ﳤȥѦĸڵϣشɷԩΪٸΪţ㿪۰ɡ
òˮһգվſڣĿ߳šѦĸһۼٲȥǰ취һҧһվתߣŵĲٿһƲ΢΢¶Ц
ѦˮۼĸߵĲǻؼҵ·Ͻ׷ȥȥ
ѦĸҧгݵصȥҶС죬ҪѦˮһʱۼĸһԽԽԶѦˮϽ첽׷ȥ

ջߣңңѵԳ͸޶
Գͷ޶վţԲӣֻצӲʱ£ڰָ档
һڷȥ󲻳ϵִҶСѶʱԳôֿŸ޶ԲԲĲӣ۶̵ĸ޶һǡժҡϮԳ壬˸ܾˡ
ңңС糺죺㿴㣬ôĸӣ۸Сӣ˼ô㣿ԳΪӦ
ңңֶԸ޶޶˵Сô࣬ԵٵҲӦõģͲôô
޶ֻǰצָ⣬·ڡɡңңע⣬ýưѵϻûİԼ˼£һƨȥ
ңңС˶Ƶļѵ⣺ԺҪһЩ˭˵Ͳ˭ˣûУ
ҶСЦҡҡͷҲֻСѾͷŰѾԳèͬôͯδͦɰѽʱƹļ̵̻شһҶС͹٣²ã
ҶСϽƹģ𼱣û򻵶ˣռ⳥ǡ
ƹļ״Σ¶͹٣㣬ׯӴ
ƹĻû˵꣬һͷ˳ȥðɱڵѦĸһѩĲ˵˵·ϴһߵ̯ģѾģֱ˵ߣǴӺ׷ˮ踶Ǯ
Ҷģ㻹ɷѦĸһҶСȥҶСһæ߱ܣ˵ĸҽͣȥңµѦɱġ
𣡡Գһ˺ҶС죬һ˹ҶС켱е
ԳǰٺӴҲ׵ǹ顱һȭӭѦĸĵϣѦĸֻһеĵಡһ·˳ȥײ컨ϣҵƹǰҪƹŵһ¡ʱٿǵѾˣŤˣƹĴ󺧣ԳǽգӱӲ
Ѧĸ߬ŵǿڲ˵޺޵ذľһˤ򵽼ٻˣûеɲϰݣƿԳʮָţݺҶСĲӡ
⼸ǾԳûѧᣬȴΪܺ͸޴ܣˡ˼֪ҶС첻ˣȻеִָֻһѦĸ죬ͰѦĸ˿С
ѦĸԴ컨壬͵ͨ죬һ˫Թ۾ͬųҶС˻ҡɷ㡭
ҶСʱѾˮỨȴϾҶСѦĸĸĲɱģëǿ԰֤ҽһºòã
ˮô˲żҶС죬ȴ£бۼĸױǿµľԳڿУյϺ죬Ѿ͸æеС磬Ƚ¡
ҶСŷӦæ££ԳԸһ֣Ѧĸ̡߲һˤڵذϣһʱͷۻѦˮ˹ȥסû°ɣ
ѦĸԻˮȥɱΪ𣡡
ˮ躬Ͳһ˵ҵɱģˡ
ѦĸһǶݺŮϣͻȻȪӿ˻ˣ˰ö˶˵ôɱȥɱѦĸһƣѦˮ⧲ڵأ̲ס
ëǴ˵λӣǸ֪ͦ˶ͷôͿôǸͷһ͸Ƶأ˵ɣͰһȥңͷӣٹۿ˵ͣɣϾҪˣ˭֪ǸͷӰɣѽѽİզҧأ
Ѧĸһһͷӣ޼֮סĴȾҧëһæҶСŭëǣ˵ϻϿ
ëǵ˵Ȱ蹷Ƶģ㻹ҧ㰡ΪǰͲ㡭
ʱңңӭѦĸţСǺˣẦ˵ġ
ѦĸǼͨһˣС㵱ԼŮСŮδϹҲкĸ飬Դɷ󣬳Ѿռȫ飬ʲôˡ
ңңô˵Ѧĸ񶾵ẦˣẦǾ㺦ˣСɨǣǿԼǼҵˣҹ
Ѧĸһѽңң˦ңңһƨڵϣ۵һˮסңңŭ㽲òã
ʱȵվԱ߿ֵĸ޶һң۸ʱˣһһͷͰѸովѦĸײ˳ȥͷСɲСһ¾Ѧĸײõɳţһײڶǽϣʱ²ʡ
Ʒɼ󣬲̾ҡͷѶϼ£ˣ


12 С
ѦĸͼҶСɫվǰǣһСŮŮڳĨᡣ
ңңĺģ£ǼСҲױ˹һ񶾵ж£Ѧĸǿָȴ̲סʣǲΪҲòźףŻ˺ˣǣСңңԽԽġ
ѦĸһۿҶС죬͵شһҶСȥҶСּۿ죬͵̧֣žһĶ⣬ϣѦĸסˮҲԾصɴ۾
ëǼ״ȴüɫ裬Ǵ簡㿴˼ͷĸﶼȵã˦Ƶģ̫ˡ
ҶСҸزʶΪˮԭҲžһĸȡ֣һã㲻Ҫôߡ
ҶСңңѦĸˮ׵ˣѾ׵ˣΪһΪһҪ˵ˣ˺ҵһˣ
Ѧĸ˻Ҷģɱ֣㡭
ҶСضĻҶûɱɷɱˣԭһ֪˭Ҵҷس󣬷ңң°ߣ׷ѰңңĹвŷ࣡
ҶСݡ϶׷ɱңңˮ裬θԼҵѦˮļңԼߺǱȥɱˮ裬ˮĸΪȥ˴бɱľ˵һ顣
ѦˮþȲѣ֪˾Ȼģһֱ׷ɱĸ͵˿ɲʲôҶСң£ֻ˵˼ңңĸŮܳ裬֮ء
ѦĸóѪ۾ҶС죬ʵ˵أ
ҶСĬƬ̣ˣһץסˡɽס£ѰңңʱûܣҲɱˡ
ѦĸЦҲ˵ֻһ֮ǣ
ëǴӣҲǵˣ
ѦĸҲǵˣʲôʸ֤
ëһͷ˵Ǽ֤ˡ
ƷƽصͬҶɽѰңңĻңҶ԰ֲ٣Ҳ׷°ңңɽҪɱңңһǱġ
ѦĸʵҶС˵ѾĻҶСҪϣҲôӵĹ£ԳʶߣֻҪһҧ뿪ѦҺδȥѦĸʵҲû취
ѦĸѾҶСĻȴʶزȥϣп̹ǵĳҪй޷õĺⷢйѾȥϣϸʵҪҶСңңϣ˲ңңĸŮҵô׷ͭʣҶС첻ȥѦҾɱôҵѦңҶС㲻Ҳǰס
Ѧĸҧгݵص˵ģ㣬˻ô
仰ҶС쵱޷粵ˣֻܳĬ
ѦĸЦҶС죬ֿңңһץˮ󣬶ҶСб£ɱ㣬ͭʸ治㣬һ죿룡ǱȫҲҲҪ㣡ͭʸܣҾȥˮ浽ҲҪ棡
ҶСɺޱ飬һȴسȥǰϸѾĥһƫִķӣƫִˣҶСھﲢûмκεǰ˵ͨԽѾͿˣƫִ׼һ
Ѧĸ˵ˮߡˮб࣬ΪѣһҪοĸףһ˼ĺɣ˾ѡҶСط꣬һܰĻû˵ϣͱĸ뿪ˡ
ȥʱˮͷҶСңңһۣҶСޱ׺ңңЩηİͻȻ絶ˮ̲ס
ëǿһҶС磬հɣĺδ޷ݣαطǵҡ
Դӵ˿ջһͷԼķ䣬Ǵ£Ūƿƿ޹ҶСҲ˴˻áҲ֪Ϊݶ̫ôģ첻֪ʱҲ˽˾Ȼûв
ʱз۾ҶСߣҪЧ͵ĵطô
Ӻܸߣȴűͷͺͷӣ۾ôһз죬˵ϸģôһյģҶСĻ˫һȲʵа취ת⣿
˫ֽǰз۾ϸ룬ҡͷ˸ı⣬Ҳûа취˳۵Ļµ취Զǰʧ
ҶС̾˿ֵˣȥŪЩƿƿ޹ްɣﲻæ
Ƿǣ˫ֽǰűûһ˿߳ȥиСģˣһ¨̽ͷ̽ԣȥæ˵·
ƷɿˣʵǸʲôģ
СæǷСķѵԸһλҶСҶЩ徭ʥ˵ء
ƷɿҶСһۣС˵ɡ
СмһƷͲëĶλҶһޱվǶλˣС˱¨ʩү֮Ҷ๫Щ
ҶС˿̵ɫ͹С˵ͼˣظѵ˵һĶ飬ѵСһ˳ȥ
ëӣ磬¶ɣͦģʲôݣϹ֪ôŮ
ҶСЦЦͲȰˣû¡ҪеûţңңȥߣɢɢģСӣܱ
ëǵǴ㡭
ҶСҪʼ飡
ҶС˵գͰ¨鶼ᵽϣַһ£ضëſڽ࣬˵Ʒ½ǣʹɫңңСҪúö飬׼ţƷɸȥòã
ңңܶ£ɵӦãҪϸ޶
ëűӵϣٴϴа˵ű߳ȥˣعϣҶСᣬû飬һ̾ݡ
ҶСˮ裬ֻΪ鰮Щҵ̾һԹŮȡζ벻ĺ£ǰΪµ飿ǻûϷô
иĸҪТһɰСƿҪϣһһķͰҪ׼ȷ˵Ͱ⣬ĹƷɣͨʵĶ죬ôΣһӡ
֮ǽ⣬ȢӵȻҲǿ̲ݻˮ裬һ·һ·׷κ취ȥȥԣˮĸûа취
ϸٿɶЩ취Ҳǲõģ˵֪ˮԵ޷֣ҶС̹Ȼޣˮ裬ᾡܸһϾѦ֮ȷʵЩϵ
Ȼ뿿Ʒɵһ֮ʰ⵹ңǺܲʵʵ뷨ҶСԼĴ㣬ֻںֶ̺ΡֻһУõõ˵
С죬ʵѣ


13 
Щ죬ҶСȻרĶҶСǰѧĶӣвѧʣϾдѧʵЩȻƷвѣѧʶȴǼõġ
ܳΪٶǾеĴ٣һǽʿأֻЩ˴ڵѧʶֻƬĺܣδʺϿƾٿԣϵͳضһʥ˾Լڶ͵ԾҶС˼УҲȤ
һʮ죬ҶСһֱרĶ顣ЩӻƷ͵͵ܹׯǸɱϵѦĸȻѷӱˣŮȥˮǰڳһƸ۵ļơ
ƷЩģҸ¸ҶС죬ҶСֻǵһЦҲ˵Ѧĸڰ״ӵݵ˾ƾһ֮ǣҲûƾοѵǿܡ
޷ҪȨҪƵĵطһʹʲôƫִҶСҲ޿κΣֻȥˡ
ֹ˼죬㵽Ժ֮ڡ˵ţܲ⸡һŵ󣬾Աе֪أΪϷԵʣ˰Ʒٵ̶֥Ĺ٣ӣƺһᡣ
ʵȻƷӡǿһĸ㿼нʿֱһ֪أҲҪǿӲĺ̨ŰõҲһڹͷ͵һڵطҲǼ˲ģҪնܿȡ
뿼Ҫֻͯ꣬ͯҪ꡶顷徭ġ鼯עдЩǳİ˹ľСˣЩ˵֪֮껹ͯ
ַͯ׶Σһ׶￼Ǳع٣Ҫ峡ֱ𿼰˹ġʫۡɸȣһ׶ѵ£Ѿͭһذˣ֮ҶСѾͯļȻҲǸء
֮Ҫԣɵ֪֪ͭŴˣλ֪ͷһӦûߣ˳˳ظҶСڽҪеԺˣһزš
ԺԱӦɸʡѧ֣ݵЩ⡣ʮǰݻûԼᶽѧԺѧҪѧҪͽϡĴʡȥμӣٸһĹҪȥӦ츮기ԡ
һǿԱͨģѧʵϷŹԿ˳ͨ㲻ԸϾٱڣǼļֱ˳ӦǶӦԣо˺ֱӲμӽʿ
ҲᶽѧԺΪʱж̣ض誣ԺԣӦɱʡѧֿԣɱѧ̰ʹΣйɽˮֿͭԣǾͷȨ֪ˡҲѵʮտҶС쿼еԭ
ԺԷΪһΪԣΪԣ¼ȡ߾Ա
һҶСſϵ˸ѧƷɺëǶˣңң˸磬޶ʹȻҲһ·棬⸱ݺעĿ
λڷĵƿƿ޹һֱҹϰ˯ҶСû
ҶСȻδμӹԣҲԼ֪һЩԵʢǵ˳ĸѧ⣬ȴԣݣڶ࣬ȴ޼Ϳǰĸĸǲ٣вŹȲǵİ׷̣ѽ
ȵ뿼ʱ١ЬӽѼʱҶСž㵵ط֣ԵľȻЩˣЩˣǻˣŹȲǵ̾ȻҲǿ
ҶС첢ûʲôдҲҪдΪѾ֪ˣƪ˹Ķѵ׽˵ġݶϣҲֻλǧݣӶκùŲˡ
ѧѾտĹ²ùֻǿ䣬ѹûˣͭʸĽ̷滹Ǻ
ҶСԾţ˺ŷīʱȻпҶС챾һ䣬ȴ뾹һ죬˾ἰʮһկʮ˵ߣ߽ʴҼһðء
һһСſڳѲߣĿȻѵ͵͵ҶСĿһģһ
ҶСд˹ɱϾǳѧէ⡢⡢𽲡֡ɡɡЩһͻѵѾˣҪдȴЩ
أֻҪĬдУ׶ˣҶСȫдϣдĵͦƯһžдһֲīûմϡ
ҶСдӣһ̶ͷĵҴʱ̫ˣٶһ
ҶСֿ˽һʱٱӦ֪죬ĻѾȫȨίѵѵ˸磬Щ룬ʱϴ˯
СǰӹҶСľӿʼѵѹһۣҶС죬ֵ
ҶСæϵߣѵԹôôãǲ죿
ҶСҲѹѧȻù죬ֻǿͯûѧ뻹ǲҪ̫۵ĺá
ѵ̾˿⺢ӣ̫СЩЩѾ˴뱲ӣҲˣﻹͭʸʿֺţҪȻΪΪ㡣㣬Ҫȥ֪ˣһȥЩ׼
֪Ϊλ֪г˴֪쿪ҶСٽȥˮμӹԿ˵£ѵȴû˵ΪΪ֪ڿЦ
ҶСһȻʲôСЩ׼ҶСصʦģѧһ֪⡣ʦ֮ѧҲԵǰϰݷá
ѵź΢Цͷӿɽ̣ȥɣȥɡ
ǣѧǡ
ʱҶСҲ˵̫࣬ѵҾһС뿪
⣬ëǡƷɺңңһֱڵ޶̬ضһò´˯һҶСëǺͻƷɻңңһӵϣëǽŵʵ磬ôѲѣ
ҶСûذһۣëѾƶĲҶСҲţõ¶ë֪ģȻʳֻѵҾͱ˲ͣ
ëǼȴûذԼһۣϲص̬˲мһǷӵļˡ
ҶСʧЦҡͷѽȻһλںʶֵˣҪǼһ͵ΪһԻ
ʱһӰȴȵͣҶСǰ죬ȴֻԳˣҶСһԾ¡
ңңҶС֣ĵص磬ë˵ҪǿţݵˣԺܵˣ𣿡
ҶСĵ뵱ҲǸˣƺ˵ңңĵģҶС첻̽ʧ㺬ӦţǰɣֻʸˣأǻҪϲϲ
ţ
ңңͷüЦصǵȻôı£ҪǸһƵС٣ҪЦҪô٣ʥһĹٶ
ңңĺܿģΪҶС쿼ţΪȥһĲôϾͿʥˣ˵˼ҸͲɨ
ҶСЦֱңңԣǼңң˵ĶԣҪǲٶ۾Ͳ۾칬ߣǰףһ£¹ȥ


14 ԩҾ
ѦĸȫҲŮ糾͵ظϵ˹һ·˴֪ݵϸ̰˾˹Ǻ·˾Ÿȥ
ˮˣԭЩųĸף˿ȴɱϣİޱʹ̲࣬סɱҵˣҶСϣҶС˳𰡣ΪִԲ򣬷ҪϹã
ѦĸؿŮһۣĮִĿ͸һ˿ѦĸһһضŮô˵ģˣĻĻ
ˮҡ
Ѧĸúúõġ͵ó
ˮ
Ѧĸûתסһ·ˣԭ˪ѸٱһͰЩǫģͼݣ̰˾ôߣ
ˮؿ˵ĸףĿн¶ɫˣһǷˡ
̰˾Ϊʡһţǳ͢ڹݵһ棬Žû൱ɵģשܬأʨţձݡ
ѦĸקѦˮſڶͷߵʱȴͦذͷ󲽾ͳ˹ȥ
ŵĸһʼûעͷ桢Ŀ͵ϸˣֱͦͦسſڶ߹ĸ˲ŷЩԾӭȥᵶһȵʲôģ
Ѧĸҿ˿һɺۣλү̰˾Űɣ
һû˵ϻôһӹǶ㶼
ѦĸЦү˾ţôûйİ
۴һֵصʲôģֲϷӣҪĸʲô
ѦĸùĵĶ״Ĺİûйģô״
۹Цд㵱ʲôط˾
Ѧĸص԰˾񸾲ģҪԩ״
۲ͷصȥȥȥ˾״ӣ˭˵ģҿϷĿ˰ɣĸصıȥĸظ״˾״óǶ˾״үǧǧ۹Ҫ
ѦĸүѾȥˣǰﷸϲְѪȴͶ·ţ֮үȫүͨһɡ
һعٲϽ״ӣͷһͻعΪβİӣɱλ˾үһʱ˾ԶֳӰɣҪ˾˾һ֡˾Ͳֱսϣҿǧʹͷүﷸ˶£͸ֵͶ·ˡ
뵽۰һ壬ȵߣԩϣͨءһβӣٸһαǣԽϸ棿زϱִΪԩøľǸعˣҪ渮عٵĻ͸ȥʹš
Ѧĸ٣
۵ߣϽߣٶҾҪˣߣߡ
İѦĸϳȥԶŷȥѦĸվӣ۵ıǧͭʸǻϣ˾ȴ˾ȻܰϣȻô˻ȥ֮ѵҲûܹԩĵط
ѦĸԽԽ࣬ˮûǰȰǻǻͭʰɡ
ѦĸһƿŮɱҶСţ㺦ҼҸвۣ֮үٸҲΪԩôţһװǺȫҵ˰ɣ
ˣͻȻϸﻹ˵ЩĪĻЩԷ׷߱ܣܿͻȻ財ȴһˣУͻȻҶС֣ʱվס˽Ų
һС·վסѦĸѦĸָٵغʹ״ε˵˰Σ˲Ű˵һͷŪѦĸߵ˵˫۶ʱ
ŤͷС˵˼䣬Ѧĸķ΢΢һЦתȥС߹ȥֿѦĸλ˼ˣ㷽ŵĿߣҼүˣһȥүϸ׮ӣȷԩ飬ҼүԸΪ
ѦĸһˮͻȻץסһݣû˵ү˭һȥȥ͸ȥ
Ѧĸ˳ظС˱ߣˮ趼ˡˮĸʲô⣬ں׷ϣ˴ҴһȴǰȻһƻֺ꣬˿˾š
ˮ̧ͷһͼϺȻһңݳʹ˾СվסŲѦĸҼү⴦£ӽŶȥһ·СЩ
Ѧĸֻܽ״ӣΨΨŵŵӦˮСĵطǲʹ˾ţ֪ʲôˣŷۼĸС˽˽ţˮΣæҲ˽ȥ
СĸŮֻһСǰУһ᷿Ժ䣬һƧլԺϹһӣдĥ˾֡
С˽ãһԱѮòʣһϮۣѦĸھٸѾӣʶ˵࣬Ǵӹۻֳߵ͵ġۣӦǸƷƷĹ١ʱѾϣҲ˹ٶСһͷݵүΪԩ
ǹԱûѦĸűݣϽƹֽ洺ص˼ﲻؾݡű·ϣƺԩ飬һΪֹ𼱣˵
ǹԱ˵գԸСϲ裬Ѧĸˣͷ˵ѦĸͼӴ׵ذҶСδϵȴɷߣȥִɱ˵ľ˵һ顣
ˮһĸԲʵҪ죬ѦĸֹǹԱգǺһЦ׵ˣδɣɱˣųȥɷԱ˴ӭȢŮ
Ѧĸһ֣ϲүӢɷ򲻿ϰŮɱɷ򣬵ʱһӻڲƫƫҾͲаһҪ
ǹԱ룬ЦеصٲóȻΪͷԽȨ֮ӣͬżɵɣһ⣬ȥҵһλѣأǹݵһʦ棬Ȱѹ˾˾ߣһ㣬һʹˡ
Ѧĸм㣬лúúãүۣүšѪܱһΪүһλ㣬ߵݡ
ǹԱǺһЦֵ˼ˡ
Ѧĸ˲ᣬָмصδ̣үǡ
ǹԱ΢΢һЦٹĥ˾ĥ첮ģ


15 ״
صסļ߹ۡԶʦĴʦҪʱ͹ٷ򽻵ס̫Զ಻㣬סһҲͬѰݡ
첮ָѦˮĸŮ׾ҵصסǰԺ䣬԰вľ߽ģһ岽һ䣬мֽ԰ֵζ
Ϊǳ첮ĵţֱӰǴ˽ֱľµ鷿ſͣ£нȥ
һɽˮͼ⸱ɽˮǴľ¡ǳɽɽгǣУнǣȻķ⾰洦ɼ
ظոջһʣԼĴ΢ЦǼ߽Ƿү칫ױŽһĸŮ˵һ׮ӣүϸ֮үԲꡣ
ȻЦŶʲôģкܴˮǽɡ
ذѱʼڱɽϣ鰸󻺻
Ҫʡ״ʦı£ȻҪĹϵڹνͨ죬첮ֻһССĥδܿصУύеĳԶ
첮ǴӺˮģþͱˡ׻ĴȣҰŵ˲˾ĥ٣ǰ;Զغܿͺ˹ϵӴ˳ֵܣ쳣
⡰׻ҲֻнУݣǱ󶼲ڿڣһλĶУλϲŭ޳ʱֻǸ֮һЦģֻҪùǿͳԷģɳӿڳ
⡰׻ǰĴ˾һĴС㡣ž磬ϿҲλ֮ŮС㸦һӴ˶ģҹ㣬ദԾãͲ˾Զ֮ˡ
Ϊ֮һȲӨӨһ裬Ҳչһ׿̸Ц˻ҷ֪ȻԶ֮ʵΪԼĴºžܶ˽һˡ
Ժšаžһܹ֣ȻˣǺ׾ͻᱻòŵ̸¡ĵԻ
Ѧĸˮ鷿ϹϾؼ״ЦˣҪԩ飬ѦĸͰ첮˵Ļظһ飬һ룬üұ
Ѧĸ˵꣬Ҫ첮ĵױţչϸһ飬ЦݿضѦĸãҰ㣬ҶС첻֮ĳЩ׼סµַȥĵȴĳ׼Իʹȥǡ
ѦĸһǾͳ˾ȥˣûҹסôһ˵һԴ˵˿ԩ־ƺ࣬תһ룬ϲʦĸŮҹסҵŮ˼ңδˮ£ĸŮͶȥлл硣
Цԭңãĺܣȥɣĳ׼󣬱ȥѰǡ
Ѧĸǧлˮߡſˮһۣĵĺܣһһĵϧˣֻһ¼˵ӡ
ѦĸŮ뿪ã첮ı˳ԵˡԴ첮ңõҴСʶһΪ˾ĥ㶯˱ʷͷ
ƾһȨĥȻԸһȴȨصһصʷӴңʮĵ˻غ̽˵ʷѾΪ蹪ˡ
ȥǸһ·糾ۼѾ̽ϣȥ¥̹̹ȴ¥ȵѭ죬ѭ֮󣬿ڳݲǿҫη⣬ζ屾غľбᵽˡʷ
ʱѭɲ꣬ȴ͸¶б˼ֻΣûע첮ȥ˾Ϊˡʷȥġ
ı⣬ǰѭ̸һϯòˣ˺þѭͬ׳Ǹܣˮ첮첮Ĳ֪ǰʷǸ
κδʱҶСѲ֪ȥȥֻʳʷʵԼľѭ˯һ㣬ȫȻ޷ѯˣ첮޿κΣҲֻ
Ͼƾݣûսعк̨ҲΪ˽ȥôˣЩԱٴССҲе̨ʲôݣһΪô˭֪ԸǸҶСϢȻԼ͵ǰ
ҲԹҶСİ첮֮ҶС¶ɧһһʷҶС죬˴յһ͸˼ѪƵģ˷쳣غ˼ԸҶСļƲ

ͭʸԽҰ֮ڣϵҶСȻǰΪͭʳĵһţԺǺ䶯ֻһţ֪Żǰչףʽ
չأѡӦ뼯֪ţ北жӴӸòŽã֪үİݣȻ֪үרõɫ
ֻһţδ⺮Щ֪治ںʽվɡǣͼôǰһʿ北һʱҶСӹ档
ѧѵɫصǺǣţҫ棬Ҳѹ¶ֻϾҪȥ֪ˣϽᣬĪ֪ǰʧ񡣡
ҶСӲᣬĵ˭¶ˣǱѬĺòã
ҶСعͷͼɢȥ½м佥ֳƷɡëǺͶ˵Ӱë˷֣ܵëǸһֻСҡΣȴǿСңңпڴ͸ޣֳȴǲˡ
ҶС΢΢һЦת˸á
ϣ֪ڹ档
ҶСȥѵһİݣ֪ЦеģһʿģΣ⿨ϣʵվݵҶСİݣֵɣˣŹۡ
¾һɫҶС촩ã֣ǰҶСñϲڴһɫϽ˺ҶСϣ֪үİݡ
֪Ŭͦͦ˶˶վʾһ£۸ϹһֲŴ˵ֱۣһְסӷ֣١һͬʱ֪ү˳
վشڴҶСɫصЩ㣬ʽѵͰɡȥʽɺظΪף
֪үȫѡšҲҶСһݿӣߵѧ֪ѧٻݣѧѧݣȻڸѧ硣
֪һ仰Щ¹Ȼѵ͡ѵһ֪ү磬Ҳй⣬æҶСлֹ漴ִ򣬰ʦͽ˳ȥ
֪վڴϣؿҶСʩµӰ΢Цףţˣһѧʵӣȥˮţ˲ţûڱУ


16 а
ҶС챻˴ȥݹ˿ӣѵתáëǵ񿴴ϷƵһ·ظţ·ҶС϶ԻƷɵȥø磬ôͬСĴߣ˷ʱѰطò͡
ҶСְһߣС˵²̫ŵϼһֻͳӴ򽻵ͨʵĺܣСȴҪЩ˼ˣĪǳǷǡ
Ʒ׵ģСԵǳǷġ
ҶСͷңңңңԣȸƷɸȥ棬СҪȥһ֪ţյÿգȥˣңңɵصͷӦ˱ͣסŲĿҶСȥ
֪ðһ磬ѵҶСл֪ˣˡ󸹱֪׾̸Ц
ҶС챾ΪһӡϮȨ󣬱ȻǼΪˣǻڹⲻ˵ģȴλ֪Ǻ޼ӣ˵Ҳûа秵ζ˴øС
ƹѲ˹ζ֪ȵĸȻץ𺹽˲ͷĺ飬˳ص˼磬оʫءȻʫ˴ˣҪҪ
ѵ󾪵֪Ҫмˣ¹Եϴ
̧ҶСҲ˵ǣѧϴ
ֻ֪֣ļū֪Ȧаγ֪ͥⲽҶСѵʦ֪Ϯ٣ÿƾٱˣϾҳѧǼõġ
ѵ΢Ц׵ͭȻԷЩϼ峯ʱ˼ݡ˼ϵͳߣӶĻѰչȻʶֵĶûȨ˼ȴǷлͬġ
ҶСȻףȻԾĻޣδ͵֪үĴȴҲһĶŵģٱ֣Ȼ֪ʫ֪Ķͷ˼ͻȻϲˣš
֪һָǰǧĪδǧꣿ˼Ųʮţľͷ
ȿȿȿȡ
ҶСһھƲûȥæסͣǺÿԲֹͺµĸæ̧˲۽Ǳ飬ʲô׵ľٶ֪λʵۡ
ѵɫݣִʫʫ֪ʫˣζζ˼Ǻʫ
ҶС𾪵ؿѵ˺޳ܣһ˷ǶûˣôƨҾ;˵ôҲǸѧʦΪʦҪ㣿⡭Ҳʫ
ѵЦݵعƣɫضҶСݹһǿף
֪ЦػصؿҶСһۣҶΪʫΣ
ãüˣ
ҶС켱æÿǿ׵صѧ˵֪ͭʣʿ֡˵ʫ飬ζһԹȻ١
֪һӿģЦָҶСǸʶˣţʫȷʵЩҲֻŻĶ˲ƷζᣬŻֻһδϧˡⱣ㵽μӹԣͭʶ˻㿴Σ

ҶСһʱһ¸ϣӶֵѾȥˣҪ֪ƨôصĺҶҪؽڲٰ

ظϣغ첮ŶԸҶСĲԡ
΢ЦҶСëһץһѡһð١
첮ĵֻǣǣ浽̫࣬ðǸʷѾõ͢νةǨԭˡͱ͢޹⣬ܻܿ͵ʱ򣬲±ǵˣǳ͢ҲȻ
ͬص˵ͷôڶðˡҳ涨ͯμſԣҪ游ڵؾסʮϣзĹ԰ɲԡ
첮æѵֲҪˣƹЩģƾӾɶʮߣҲɲο
ؿѵǼڹɶʮˣ
첮ֻŪԼѧʶĿĴﵽһĶͷᰡһСܺͿˡ
ԵõһЦֳһáֻǲá
첮ĵֵ˼ǣ
ضݺݵصðοһ񣬲ǰṦ׼οȴҪ
첮ĵô˵ǴѦˣ
ص
첮΢΢üȴҲЩѴ
ص˻
첮ĵѦʻʱŮβ죬ƺѦԲʵŮԣƺǾҵˡȴһҧҶС죬˭Ļʵڻ˵
˼صңҡŶˡ
ΪʦԹǿϵȫָƣ첮һ˵ңȻݣɲǿǵؾҲһЩϵصңǲǲҵķ֧ô
첮һд£
صԲ
첮ϲǾͳҺε˵ãĴУʵѾȻﵽһĵزֻȰѷһ˾Ҳá˾Ҳգ˭鷳
ӹһ˿Ц⣬ԣٸҲԸǣѦǹȷʵЩŹ֣ƺҶСЩϸΪܺ˵ŮȴΪɱ֤վǸ鷳ʱðýǵĴ¡
첮ĵе
˼ѶƬ̣Էͷ¡첮Ļص˾ո̺ӵǸС˱ǰүո︮ˣүȥһ¡
첮һ︮ĸҵʲôпգ︮Զ棬Ԫ谺ӵƣȻԪˣڰĴеʵʵѾĩձǹݹٳϲСһ
︮ռĶۡӿиȥ·һͷ˶ɵͻ︮һԺŲĽ֣һŻȥһ֡ƺĸо
ڰ˽ԺһľŵԺ첮ĴҴҸϵȥѥֻŲ࣬Ů£ľʵذĳߵͷɽϪˮһ⣬·嶣ȴ
ŮվסŲС㣬첮ĵˡûлشֻһͣزŪ£Ů΢΢Ƿ˹һԣ첮лסȥ
䲼üǵţһܰµĿͷһк÷ѩ֮Ŀռ䣬ǰһŻȴǽּɽеһƽ̨ƽ̨дǣһŮӱߣҡ
ŮӾԺаȴгΪ׻˫ʮ껪޹ɷɷڻӭ֮ǰ汩УӴԶҲû˸Ҫˡ
첮̧ͷһıӰһ̾ǣͷͻˣ첮ĲҶ࿴·Ůӱһ˫۾ܹƵģ۹۱ǡǹģϹϾվС㡣
Ůʮָѹֹס㵽ĥ˾ʱգһֱڹעı֣ܲ
첮ϲüңæǷлС佱
ŮֵҪˮ㰲ŸְףһȻǽʿҲи˹źΣϾ㲻ϵϵֱ١ڼĥ˻Σ
첮ĹصСԸ
ŮزŪ˼ңصˣȥɣúñˣԻһǰ̣


17 ˮ֮
︮ˮǿǺպ˼ңΪҡ
Ѧĸˮ·һ׵ʵ︮ڣ︮żҶ˵л¼ҵݣҲҵæŷֲϣŽȥͨ
ˮŷʮС磬ӡͣʮʱʱС㹫Ӷ飬пյʱͻһˣô˾ѳ꣬ȴ֪ѱʲôӡ
ҶС죬ˮʱЩڴΪҪһɷ򣬿ȴһƬ֣̿ѵҪ޸ˣ
ĸǾ޸ҶСģΥĸôĸ׹ִذҶС쵱ɳˣԼĶˣԼмָԴ
ˮˡ֮ʣһ۵˴Ҷŷһţˮ;ôЩϤϸһϡл統ӰӣֻǱϾѾ꣬仯ʵҲС
лǲͷ߽ŷĸѾӹμؼ飬л綼̫︮æΪɾܾˡˮ棬︮£λˣ۽ҲˣлѾ󿴵ͬΪūͳѦҡ
ѦˮӡУǸƨɺһˣĻëѾͷʵҲûôɫġ︮￡Ѿͷеǣ£ǰ;Զ󣬲֪ٿѾ۶أҲϱ
һѦĸŹлк񣬿ұϾ̫飬һ·ȴŻ£ǽŷһɨǰȴǶʱһ
ŷôһλȻˮ衣⻹Ůʮ˱䰡ûȻôƯ˵ѾͷεʵȻûУǶǴСߵˣߡ۽ߡ
˵СһޣǶǴСˣҪŴС޳ȥͨѾͷģȾָˡǼѾòˮ֮£ȴǱȲϡ̺ͬ˵Ѿôˮһվһ׵ʣһλҹ㰡
лһתۿѦĸԭĲͷȫȻˣЦӭȥѦĸʩһȵصǴ簡ǿͷû
Ѧĸ˵վ´л磬ԽԽ⣬ѦĸЦ⺢ӣ˵δ飬ɱϾǶµģôдˮ裬㴫硣
ˮӲͷƤǰл縣һ񣬵С硣
лѦˮԽԽϲæڵصĸˣǺǣˮӣԶʵˣȵҵסЪϢһ£Ϊǰס
лѦĸˮסߣҶȻӹˮѦĸİһ·͡
︮ռĶӴլԺΪµлȻһϯ֮أڵԺԺһƧСԺлסȻǶŶԺһķᡣ
лԸҶȥѶ᷿ʰɾְѦĸˮ뵽ã˲裬˫𻰡
Ѧĸû˵仰ͰˮϸˮĿ˵˳ˮΪɵ˾ˮͷ죬㣬öǡҲСˣ°ˣ͸ͭʣ顣
ˮ̲סŮѾ˺ܾã̲ȥˡѦҲܶ𱨰СҵĴˣǼҵĴˣ㡭Ůô˵ףôôͿأ
Ѧĸ첮ĺ˵ͼӴ׵ĻҲĳ棬˵ԺԼ͵棬ʱˮٴηȻŭ治ТѾͷģԼ׵Ѫ𶼲뱨ˣ̻ǸС
лڶСϱĺܣĸôϽȰĸˣżˮô˵зִ磬ֱǷǵġ
Ѧĸڰĺܣ߷ߵˣˮҶСλ뿪ݣѾǧϻˮľ˵˳
л뷨һңҲ˼ҶСһ·׷δ˵ʶȥһ֡
ѦĸһߵصĶȥ嵨ͭʣԭûģʲôл֪˷ңȴۼףʣЮɱˣѵ
лܳΪ︮£ȻһģˣΪˮдæȥһЩµƺЩʵѦĸôһ˵ɫѿ
лĵǧ棬˵ֻ·ƽʵЩ˵ͨǹйŮģ·ĪǷһЩʲôҪȻҶСαû˽飬ѦңΪοףѦ׿ڽҶС֣֮Ϊƫ̻ҶС죿
˼ڣˣ͵ľһɫҪľһǰһ˫ǧҲã촽ͳҲգǲģӲͬɹɫһ˵Ѿ˰ͷ̾һĲֵˡ
лɫۼˮĸ磬Ϊ̻ǸҶģԽԽ˰Σлʵ޿̣ڻȻվ𣬳ˮ裬Ȼ״ѾӦ֣ҶСйٸϣͲҪˣ
ѦĸߵصŮһۣûصȥʰʰҺŮ˵˵
ѦĸŮϳãлŮˣɣ㣬Ҳͷˡ
лɫصǷˣҲİ
Ѧĸһʲôĵģ
лһЦҶǧͣйŮһϿɲ֪ʲô£һңҶı㿪ףˮƫ̻ˣ˵лĲʲôҪȢޣҲװ׵˼ңװ׵ӡ
ѦĸһͼˣŮˮС֪вڵĵô˵ɾԩ
ѦĸһʵľګǡΪԸɷ򱻺Ĵ̼űƫִ־ʱͲѣĵʵ۰ŮģȻŮֻͷԲ˵ģ򷽲˵Ҳ᲻ӿǣ˲ɡ
лô˵˭ԼĶŮȻˮƱҪеʲôǺǣлҲͷҿɶˡ
Ѧĸֱ£⺢ӣҵŮŮǲعصˣ
лҡҡͷصһ򽻺ãݽ飬ҲǳȥǾס°ɣ£Ժ˵
ѦĸʲôԺ˵ˮĻ£
л粻ͷصҲ˵Ժ˵˵βߣѦĸƫִľˣһѳסУھ˵ˮĻ£ô
лһ˦Ѧĸ֣ŭ㲻ҪòãȢŮɣǾҶǴӣұȢΪޡǣٺ٣Сǿһ򽻺õϡ
ѦĸɣǾȶٳףҵŮᶪѦҵ
Ѧˮ뿪úûԶĸ˵ҶСʲôȴ뾹һƵĶԻѦˮŭɶҲͬ⣡
лؿѦĸЦôŮȥ̰ɡ
ѦĸıףȥһƣݺѾͷǹϣôͲɣ֤׵ĻᰡѵԸڣӴ̧ͷˣ
ˮûж˵ؿѾĸףϵ˲ң㣡Ƶ㶼ӦԼŮʲôˣ
Ѧĸŭʲôˣ˵ʲôˣֻҪ˶֤ˣѾͷô塣
ˮŮŮ˼ң˵ˣŮÿ࣬ÿ֪֪࣬
ˮһ˵һˣղŽԺʱͿԺпˮ˳˷ţˮͻȻһתֱǿˮ붼û룬һԾȥѦĸһشţţŮ
лһҲһϽк᷿ļҶְ˽ŰˮӾ̳ˮȻˮϢְ˽źһȣˮ³ˮ˺л״˿
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ˮ⻰һѪ壬ۡһѪѦĸҪлۣŮѪɴ󾪣æ£סֵŮôˣŮ
ˮһ˫ն۾·ڿĸףַ·ʲôûֻ㷢ģ˰ɡᣬ˳۽ǻ¡


18 
ҶСǺ֪֮ģʫʸ踳Щ˹ҲдѧżҲܲϼ䣬Ҫμӿƾ٣ôϵͳѧϰ徭г͸ĹԶԶ
λŵ֪˼֪֮Ҳʶ֮ҶС˳ۣҶСǸɿ͵˲ţǺԵҪҶС츰ˮμӹԣͭ˻
ҶС쵱ʱȴȴѵ½ֹˣ֪źѵ֣صظλ֪үҪ˳ëôãҪ⣬ǾһùȥȥˣҲҪǲȥǾһǱţ˱ү㻹ڴ˵طչ
ҶС޿κΣֻþȥˮһ⣬ǸָģʱҲûǰй¶⣬ǰ׽ֻӦһ¾ǡһ룬ҶС쵹Ǻѹ
˼죬ҶСȥ֪˲μӹٵ·ƾֽ֤֪үһߺ߽̻塱װֱˮ
ˮ֪ҶС޼ڹߣ置ȥ˴ûмҶС챾ˣֻܵĳλϵĽӼ
ǼҶСˣҲܴҶСĹȥ֮㻭ҶСģñ˼ǸǶԲλߡᣬüĿ㡱һĻ¡
ˮĴ˾Ӷ࣬ǿɲŷʲô񣬶ڹ񴫳Ҳġڹ̶ԣҲҪÿһǰӵߴ˵ݣǻʲô㣽̹ˡ
ͭʿʮֹҶСһһǣͼһƬзȺ๱֮ڻ磬ҲżȺб߱߿Ʒ羰
ֻһ˾Ȼһͷôߴ󺱼ľԳһͷɰͬУⲻҲ˿ָָ㣬ǺܶС׷Ǻ棬Ҳ˹һ
ǰ·һ̨ڱݸˣǰźŰӣȭ˴λ׸ϣֵܳأûգͼһֺǣǮǮûǮ˳ұݵǡ͹ͭǮһϳ
˵ͼȺϿճһͷԳǾԳͨ˸߳һȻȺһ㡣ҶСһȺ˾߹һˣģСӶϲңң˷ܵǰȴȥžԳĴԼϡ
һΧˣ˷׷Ťͷȥָָ㣬˽ǰһƣһΣУΪһˣӵ˹ⲻǸô
һ͹ǰһ۽ҶСһˣŶԷʵһĲɵһͰ͵һ;ͷ
ȭһȦߺһȱȻһһֲ͹Χ۵İչȻעӾԳƿŵض
ңңڵ͹ŵüһϽס۾

ָոմ͹һ߸ߣֻƵQ߹ڿĿɿڴͼǰָͨ죬ˣȺڵʱһ
ǰϽǰҩаͭߣ˵ǰԶ˺ŲСйûлҶԭ¡
ЩΧ۰ռ˿Ƕ֮ģ˳־ӳЩͭǮ˵ͭ档ǰһ߰ɷһСʵôģôˣ
ǰʹֱð亹Сǲ˸ˣôһͷԳһֻЩžĥǻ᲻⣬һʱﵹˡ
۵ص̵ģ˰ɡ
ǰУ⣬һоء
һƿűʵʵġơߺȵԲס˸λλ׸ôһʱˣûסһйҲɢˣǴҼЦˡûϵ»һ־ͽ̧ۣλ׸ϣƺˣ¸һּҴʯؿڡ
ңңһµضҶСС磬ۿ߰ɡ
ҶС쵹ǿĽζɶⳡߡ
ңң˼Ҷˣ̫ңңɲҿ
ҶСʲôˣؿ顭ţ
ҶСͻȻ׹ǰʹģȻѻ˵ˣҶС̲סЦؿʯҸҿʯؿڣȷʵе˺£ǸϽ߰ɡ
ҶСֶһͭǮŻƷɡëǵ뿪ˣͷңңҡУΪע⣬ǰȻЦŲ㣡ڣ̾ҵģѽĶȥ
һãһã˾ɣ
òޣߺͼɢͷˣκЧޣֻ÷ٶȣȺǰ䣬ͷԳʱòҲ¶档
˫ôҶС첢֪˾ȥͭˮѶĹҲ֪ͷԳǰߵ˾ǽҪϸͭץİ
Ǳ׼׵Ѿ״ӵݵ˲˾ţ˾ҲԼţǹ鲼˾ģ°˾Ҳ˾ѯ֮ȨԲ˾˾һ鹫
һ¶˾ˣ˾ҲüװƣǱǰˮҶС츰ˮ˰

ˮϣϦ£ϼ졣
ݵһŴһͼҷεϸ£߲©ĿѾܴˣƣǶ۲ȻܲӲʡ
ԶһͼСЦܹϸǰַϸϥϣס֣ؽеڣȥ㷿㣬ӰͲ㵽ˡ
ϸһɿɰŮƶЦ˻ѾͷǺǣȥĶˣô˲Ż
ŮӣɰƤ·˼ҲûȥأǵϹһȦ
Ů鶯΢΢һתˣЩ壺ڣ˼ȥˮ棬òã
ϸѾӣ֯ŮĻб㸡һ˿ȻЦ⣺֪ѾͷûôڣǰòǸȥˮôҪȥ
ŮЦⲻԼʢȴ˼Ҫǲȥö಻˼
Ůʮһģ˼ϲŮ˼Ҳϲģžֳˣһ˵ħֻҪӽһ֮ڣͻᱻħ
һλϹʱ򳣱ΪǻˮŮȻպյġ֬ļҴСӨӨˡ
ϸ̾˿ѽϴСˣ֪衣ȥȥɣҪǲȥ֪жˡ


19 Եǧ
ϸ˵úεӣǴжŮҲǰ̫̫һӣֱַ˺ܶӣƫƫǲŮ޶ļҵöֱˡ
ֱⱲźòһŮ޶ȫ»ܲɱţȻ̫̫ŮǰһͰģ֪ļεȴ֪ˮļ˾ϸˡ
λϸ˼޵ļң˵Ҳһδ档
һŮӣдޣСڸ߸ߵѩɽϣӨӨ游ѵѩɽ棬òڿ䣬˵Ը⣬ôƯĹһȢؼҡ
ڶһƷţͼ˸Сվſڣ˵Ѿ˵ˣҪɽѵɵֻۣǿ˼ҹƯڻһ뵽˼һᵱ棿
λļͰ͵˼ҹ˵Լ˼޵ᵱγĶ̵ԼĿڣѵã˵Ǽٻôѵ̽ҵɣѾˡ
ļٶɵۣ˰βŽͰ͵˵ԼѾţ˺ӣĸҲһͬҪɽ˵˰죬޹һƣѿıҲ޹ҵ˼ɣ
޹ֵֻǲףЩºҰʲôϵ
ٴδסѩɽȪˮȵŮӣɽµŮҵ治ͬǲϵ˼ƶһЩǶ˫γѩɽȪˮ۾ԶʵĶϲңҲϲ㣬ǱӦһ
ѱ޹ѩɽһˣѹ˼ҡķҲǳ˼ңܺãΪƣʹ޹ӴûãϲλѩɽŮӣΪԼͥһԱѵĲҡܶѷȺѳļϡĳߡ
ӨӨõڵŵĵĲˣæ˵ڴӦรߡ˼ȥĶˣڿɵ˼ұܣҪȻүүǰǰҵֵÆûûء
ӨӨ˵꣬һЦȥڼһ£һֻСƵıȥŮԶȥıӰһЦ
ļҲפˮʵĴҳңȫפˮȻˮиۡҲǶ¶棬ǼٻǶ
ǶиԵΧƽʱԼĵϲٳ񣬲׵ˮȥֻңΪʧȥ˼ݡ˼صοʹְΪĴеһԼ壬ѡܶ桱ᵽ˹ǡ
ӨӨ߿ãһպ׼һ׾ϵ׳˶첽ϼ֯ϸˣǸߴ׳˽Ųߵߣʩһ̣ӨӨô
޵ָر֯ЦеضǸǼӨӨ
¶ЦģǰһˣӨӨ̫ƤˣڵϺ׽һԲء
Ц̵صѽȥˣҪȥǶҰɡ
ϲлл̣ȥ
޵Ǻӣϲܵ˵ľȥ򣬿ɲҪ߱ˣ˭
ͷǣˣһκ˽лл̡˵գ˳ȥ
ͣס֣ŸԶȥıӰҡҡͷ̾ϢǸúӣϧǼӨӨϲѽѾͷҪϲ㣬һ۾͸ðˣҵһ㡣ȥɣȥɣģȥ׷Ӧϲ

ҶСڹһŶԺס˶࣬ټͷԳֻèס겻ⷿڡ⴦طȽƫƧľĻҲʺ϶飬ȻҶС챾ͲǶӡ
ڴסµĵ죬ëǾȻˡëӰԼ˵Ƿǳ족ģƽʱ޲֣ȴֻһ纮˵͵ˡһʼԼ⣬Ϊһ͹ȥˣȴղˣԽԽ
ҶС̽̽ëǵĶͷǵصа̫ˣһиץһҩɡ
ëסҶС֣ص磬ȿȿȣ磬ɣһС
ҶСֱеذοô˵㻹в
ƽë͹Цˣʱ¶ȻûҶСƤëǶصɣ֪ûɶͣŴʵһסɴ㲻˵զͲŮأҪȻһŮڽӴҲʡ㵽ҲϱץϹ
ҶСֵ̾ܰ˾˵ʱ򣬻˵ôӦ˲ŰҲ㣬ݡ
һëЦˣҶСҲЦֵ˼룬úϢɣȥץҩ
ҲȥվűߵңңҶСȥҲУҪϴӻ߸޶ˣҪȻһ·֡
ңңͷţ
һҶСǣңңСִƷϵΧȹӳ˳ʵҪȥ
⼸ȻֻлƷɻķζ治ÿ춼Ųӳȥˣٻ˵һ͡
ҶСţⲡԼȥȥץҩ
ƷɳΧȹĸϣӲܺãһȥɡ
ƷҪҶСһȥ᷿ͷһżз۾һյģ˳̵صҲȥ
ҶС㲻ŪЩӣҳȥʲô
ˣȫˣҵȥץӻҪˣʱ˲ƣЩ׼˿Уô߹
ҶСӣǺðɣһߡȥǶץӣ
ɽ洦߰ɣץЩֵֻģԾ߶ԾУһҪ涾ޱȵĹֳ档
ӨӨһͨͼŮװһԲľܳɵľϣЬӣһ˫ĽѾŽˮ͵ϪˮԲס
ǲȹʣɽ޲ɷֻƬ˿ϡ٣С˾û۸Ĵ˼
ӨӨźཱུСһϣѸղŴ·ϴˮģһſŵذȥȻһţſһСݺݵҧһڣҧˣ˭ǸСҧһأ
ӨӨеˣŸյǸ׷֪ȥֻڣһڸģǷˣΪʲôÿ˶ϵһأϲͷɰ
ӨӨԽԽֺݺݵҧһӣСѾõðɫˮڲѣ˼˵Ҫ޸ǡǣ˼ʱ룬ƨѽҸ˼ˣùͷɣ
ʱҶСһ


20 ˮ
ӨӨϲصĸϵŻһСãԿĵϼ죬ȴǰŸյ׷˹
ˮһһܴ岿ĶӣǼļһ򽻺ãӨӨҲ÷ˡӨӨһֱ磬ѹûŮ㺣ƫƫӨӨȴǳһƬ
ӨӨһˣϽļڹǵĸۡС·СޱС浽Ϊͬ͡õŮӵһСݱѡ
չЩýȥΪЩط֪⻹Ҫ
ӨӨѾ죬ÿʵʱҲֻܳ⸽ɢɢģ˵ĹҲãҲã֮뿪ǹ𤾢ӨӨ
ǳɽ֣ЩطƫƧЩҶСסĵطڳбȽƫƧڣǰʱ·һҽݣʱȥ
ҽݣҶСëǵķ纮֢״˵һ飬б㿪ĸҩȥ˼ҩ£ӶаЧҩ
ҶСлУǮ֮ҩߣ·ϻƷɶҶС磬֮ʲô㣿
ҶС̾˿ͷ۾·Ķ죬ѹɤԻƷɵʲô£ʡ˰ɣҿԣǸѼϼܣôܿϣҴӦ꿼ԣѵ˵˵֪׼Ǩؾǡ
Ʒɳһ£ʮ֮ڡ磬ҿܲ˵ġ
ҶС֪ҪȻҼųɼң
Ʒɵˮ
ҶСҡҡͷˮǸùϧȴôһ˫пЩﱾã˭֪Ϊ˲ƫ־ˡһˣë˵Ķԣĺδ޷ݣǺǡ
ҶСЦЩ̧۾ǰӳµĵ·صһ˾ǣ˵һףȢ˼ҵĺùհɡ
ƷϧصˣҲˮܺã˭֪ƫƫ̯ôһĸףԵ޷šҪǻؾ˵׵ĻδؾҵһôͶϵĹˡ
ҶС쵭һЦҪôͶϸ𣿶ʮҾ͵Ʋ˼ҹ¶ĸϸ룬Ȣ˭ҵĹҶԲס˼ң鵭һЩҲãͲѷ֡
˵˭Ȣײ˫˿źʾˣôһӣʲôģ˵һ㣬ҪľһܸŮڽӴˡ˳ǰߣһŮ˾Ȣؼȥʲôϵ
ңңǣҶС֣һֱͻƷ˵˵ĻƶǶǴ˼ȴˣǾС缱ϱҲŵӣСżǰߣײ˭Ȣؼȥ
ңңһͼˣɿҶС֣ǰܳһҶСǰ۵ͯС磬ȢҰɡ
ҶСһСѾͷֵһ
ңңصСղ˵ģ·˭Ȣ˭ţ˼ҾСĵһŮѽ
ҶС̿ЦǼңң̫ɰˣɣСţڻ̫Сˣ㳤ɴ˵
ңңϲüңҶССǴˣɲƭ˼ҡ
ҶСסЦţС粻ƭңң
ңңСָ
ҶС̿ȥңңСЦͻȻͺԴһضҶСߡ
ҶСһŵʵʲôˣ
̧ͷɽ֣һص˴ܣ࣬ɴɽץЩӻȥ
ҶСûصҪץץ棬ܲܲҪŪôһһΪʲôء
ͷһǣһĨЦЦģǣ
ҶСε̾˿ôʵһˣôһ鳼ࣿҪðҪҪ㣿
һصͷò˶õģһҩֻҪҩĭаٲ֮ڵĳӶѭζƬ̹׽㹻˵Ӻ¡ᡱͳһĺɫ̳ӡ
ҶС˺棬治ôһԲĶôϵġҶС׵Ȼʱ䲻࣬ɽȥɣ㣬һһȥ
Ƿǣ
۾ӣһһ·ߴȥǸģһֻɫһ֦ҲʧɫС
Ȼ̡߲һӰͻȻʧˣҶСһҪϹȥ鿴ͼ·߲ݴȴǽе񲻼ãûп
ҶСҡҡͷԻƷ̾λֵʵǲ˵㣬Ȼץӡ
ƷɵҪɽɣ
ҶСҡͷˣ׾ɽУӵмңһЩŹͱˣɱû£㱻ҧˡ
ƷһҲǣνɽЩĹʦյ汾죬ȷʵЩ˽ģҶСĵ·ߡ
ңңŵõС׿ڳŵȢţĵĺϲ£ͣ޲ֱйеĻϲ뵽ԼѾСţΪ˸ĵֻǿͣӲһСŮģ
Ȼ䣬ЩǸˮ̸ԼģڸȴС˳ˣЩѹ
ҶСɲ֪СԴתЩʲôͷҶСվһֻһ۵Ķڴʱʱ֣Ҳ֪æЩʲôȻеЩ򼱣ҩƷɵȥһ¡
ҶСתߵ·ĵطݴԷһ£Ҫ߳ʱȻǰ·һľţΪʱߵһ·мľԲ֡
һŮСϣȪܣСˮٲȻһͼ֮˽֮ҶС첻࿴˼ۣȻ԰żֻӣҶСֻŮģŲ˹ȥ
ôģ
ҶСһڣͷʹӨӨ̧ͷҶСһģɲʧ̫ˣҶСƯ˵Ҳˣλһ޵ģʵǰδС
ӨӨ˿һӣ͹ĹĵģЩΣˣִӹ͸޷ΣΪĶ͸һرƤ
ӨӨŬǿӣص
ҶСһͼŮ磬ֻȻӣ꣬Ǯ
ӨӨǮĶ̲סꡱһЦ˻ȤΪСܺѽ
ӨӨһЦƵ϶ʱɰСѣ˿·ܵⶼէȻһҶСͷȻһͷһΪɫǰԾʧأˮǻˮŮĹˮûлˮˣ


21 
ҶСͻȻϷ˵ĹЩǿŮ競١ΪλĿ˵ɫİΣģֻǡһµ競ٵĸо
ӨӨúȤ˽ɫ鶯΢΢һתúЦһǮܱأλ͹ҪҪѽ
ҶСȻԭ˵ӣͷС˵һǮеǮва
ӨӨЦصðԼɡ
˶ûעǮ٩еŹ֣ӨӨǾÿʹܺ棬ǮһЩһЩνҶСǱĿţе˼
ҶСһ£ᵽһĨ֥ĵ㣬ҶСֻ˼Ů㣬вһ˵˵İϲҲˣ˫ŮȻ֮أϧˣھǣ϶ܵ
ݸ߹Ů˼ҶСֻһչչһжԸ񣬺ͿۣҶСȻᵽʵһƷߵĻۣ֬֬һƽ
ҶСֻǿ˼ҹÿΣ̸䣬ںӴСȥҲûʵģǡʱҶСͻȻβʲôһ¡
ҶСŤͷһͼһֻɫֱǰȥҶСһֻνŤͷ˵ͻȻһźѭȥͼʮ˾Ÿ¹ڵһһߺ
Щ˵ģҲ˵ģǺˣ蹷蹷ҶСһ蹷һɺವһ´ͷܳ蹷ոҪҧһڡ
ҶСղΪǹֻһ̹ͨȻǹܳԶˣЩ׷蹷׳һѷسȥˣźȴͻȻӦһʶǰһСűߵӨӨ⧲ѽһͱײºȥ
ѽԲסԲס
ҶСϽǰǹСϪǹǳ˫㣬һײֻ⧲ȹ°ڱˮʪˡˮʪȹڣɫȹСϣ΢΢͸ɫٳ˫ΰ׵㡭òҶСһߵǸһ˫̲ס͵鲻ֹ
󱿵ȻײºӣҪҴүүүүүүүүүүүү֪һĲ㡣
ҶСһôүү
ӨӨض˶ţȹšˮȫȻǾӨСȾô¶˼ǰǵȻһжʮ岮ʮŸõܣһһȭܰ⽴
ҶС쾪ݺöࡣ
ӨӨ°һصߣ˰ɣ
ҶС˵תߣйƵģԽԽ졣
ִ˿̫ƵʱȶˣҪ˵һͬãʮ۾һĳ棬ϷҲԶԶڱΪȨսҶ෢ڱϷȶĶ࣬ᡢܹͥܵƻ
ҶС쵽ǭôã״Ȼ˽⣬һ˵ֻҾסһ߸үүʮү˾ʮõܴΪϷԼҹһһȭҪҲûð
ҶСƶϱûдΪԽȺӵİ˼ңΪ˶ڣڵطԽǰԵֻ۸ˣ˸˼ҡҶСʱĻи˼Ưڨ˼ȻߵԽԶԽá
ҶСҪǵǸӨӨҲνˣҶС˵ת߿ӨӨʲôţ̫ûòˡ
ӨӨŭЬӣȹھ׷ιվס
ҶСںͷһ⣬ȻƲҶС磬ߵøˡ
ǰһתƻ˻ƷɺңңȺǵĵطһҶСƷɱƽʱңңֻСƵȥˣһӣֻ΢ЦŰСŮûǰȥ
͵û·
ҶС켱ƷɵݸɫƷһ㶣һλĹȹ׷ܶ˶֮
ҶС첽ӻƷǰ߹ַǰңңƣС紳ˣ͵ʶң͵û˴⾭
ӨӨԽ׷Խۼǰ·ˣϸߺסС͵
Ʒ֣͵ʲô
ӨӨ׷ضԻƷɵûҺôס
ƷɻͷãȻ˭
ӨӨոմǰ߹ȥǸ˰
Ʒɵɴ۾ӨӨֵصû˴⾭
ƭң㡭Сãոǲи˴ѽ
ӨӨص˻ƷһۣϻһЦͬ˵Цеңң
ңңһҡҡͷش㣬û˴ﾭѽһֱҺƷɸˡ
ӨӨЩãȻƷɣһӵٿңңǸСѾͷôѣɡ˴ǰѽ
·ǱֱģѭɽټľïʢǰиѾҶСӰӨӨƲǣа׷һΣƹǰǸ䣬ȻҶСǰС
ӨӨһ׷ȥ
壬ס
·ӨӨʪܵȹӣܵȻ·߲ݴһͷͺĺˣӨӨɴϲæӨӨĿˣʱ˻᲻߾Ч
Ǻ΢΢ż˫ۣҪ׷ʲôţ
ӨӨʳָָҶСıӰߵص׷
Ťͷ˿ҶС죬ŤͷӨӨһЦ̵ص㿴˰ɣǶţ
ӨӨһǸļһǰ߹ȥˣǷ˵ûӨӨѾЩ֣ΪʵҶ£ֻ߸ʶǸһԴİӡ
ǡ˿ǸմӲݴģܲҲʶɣӨӨ۾ǸһǰߡָҶСıӰګګضǺ˵
˺ǺǵЦ̵صңûбţ
ӨӨһĨĸо̧ͷһǰ·ѾʧȥǸ˵ӰٿǰˣӺܸߣţͷͺղ԰ףеӥӣݣЩɭ
ǺɫģͰͣ°ЩؿЩۣϻвݾմƵġӨӨĿ⽥ϣ˫ǰһֻɫ̳ӣ󡭡ǻ̳ӣ
ֻͻȻ̳ӷ龰һɺٿȻӱӨӨȫ۾һЦǺǡ
ӨӨҶüˢһ±˼ü˫ĵ۾Ȼɴһ

ǰ·䴦ңңֵضԻƷɵƷɸ磬СΪʲôҪǸŮ˰
ƷҡҡͷС³г֮٣Ҳ²͵˼ʲôɣ
˵ͼλ쳣Ĺñȸղſٶܹһһ߼ей
Ʒɻʾʲô˫ĳȾ糵һ㣬ӨӨ߷һƮ˹ȥ


22 èǻ
ӳ£һľµũᣬũλСڵС۷Ƶæµ׼͡ӨӨλŮʵô˵׼ȷΪ˶
ǵĸ׶ͼҲ죬ֻǸͳĲ丽ӹļҡ֮ϼһλ˾ǵĸС˾һһСλ˾֮Ǵϵ
ԼĲͬ߹繫ֻǱ͵ļңļСˣ뵱ʱŷ޹ЩķˡŮҪȥ͢ʺ󡢹Щơ
Ǳ͵ļңʵҪū˵£ҪӨӨ飬ɴ˻ɼĹϵνһáΪ˶ܹ˲صЩ¾͵Ϊˡ
ЩͼҹＴݸ߹Ҳûнʮָմˮ»ģȻĴСǸ⣬ļųôһλȫǹһţҲûᡣ
С·ڳɱΪĴС˵볢СĢĢĴСɽɻģѾС·͵͵ˣΪĴСɻĢɫͷף쳣ȥܶһͷСޱԺϴĢոݿĢϼˮϴøɾ
ǶûСߣϱ⺷ٸУΰϲ踾ŮºٷҲáҲգ˽̽ϹٷԼ׳ɵĹضǵԼȷɸǿ
ߣǿĲ壬в۵˵죬ĴС˷Ƿ֮룬ֻҪС㱨ֺţҲܰƿ൨ļҵĴС㡢ĴеڶμҵŮҶ˻ûأǹ
ԺͻȻײӨӨشܽɫɷףһţ˹
СޱȻվʵӨӨô
ӨӨ˦һ˫糵ĳȣ嵽ߣץסʪ֣ܵĴµй
СޱȻ
ûһ䣬ӨӨѾɿ֣糵һ־ſڣС·żŵմӳſ̽ͷصӨӨô
ӨӨ˹ȥһץסӣƴҡҿ
߲㶡
С·ҡֻ֣ûѣԺָֻܳ˹ܣһԾȻԾǽˣֻƮƯ
С·ҡ֣Ĳ˵Ҳ֣ơһżϡС·һջص˵ʲôյġû˵꣬ӨӨѾɿ֣ವһȥ
С·СޱãȻһۣϽһ׷ȥͼӨӨһӣԴڱƨɾ棬״ҺģǸˣ㲻ҪҺòãаУӷ𡭡
С·ûسӣӨӨŵһУžʡС·Сޱڿ£Χм䣬С·ӨӨ㾿ôй
ӨӨֵصйģۿġ
ӨӨνͰ͵˵һ飬С·СޱһۣԼͬжϣϷŪС㣡С·һժ±ϵ䵶ջصҳȥƣ
СޱӨӨŵû겻壬æ§ڻͷϸذο£ӨӨ¸ӨӨôƯĹǹҲ˺ѽǲǣëŲš
ӨӨСޱɪɪһûСŮ˾˭˶Ѱ͡ˮϵֻɰèȻȷ֮һˮɫ֬

ҶС켱ҴҸϻסһƷɺͶңңҲ˻Ʒɺ𾭹ҶСµصˣոȥз㣬·СűиͼӣѰ˼ëȿԣ򼸸˭֪ĹͻȻֻ蹷ܹȥҿˣֱֻ׷ҲûңҪȻһҧ밡
ңңҧСָƶص׷СλƯѽ
ҶСλģҼǷ蹷ͷһʶǰһһ°ײȥˡǲ֪λүүʮ岮˾ʮֵܣ˼˭ǵһ˲ҿˡ
ʮƣΪϼƣȻ֮⼸ǶСһЩŵʱҪǿһλúƯǧԶһǲػ
ңңصͷСƵġļ죬ҶСȻٳˣ裬ûƷȥʱ˾ͭʵҲˣȻ˸ա
첮ĵõϢȥҶСѾ˹ǣټĳǳأβңȻμӹٵģȵӦ֮һ¶棬絽ʱٰ¡
Ѷ첮ɻȥ鱸ͨڹ˸Ӧ˾ͨϢ˵һҶС˱˿ظıɱΪͼ޻ң˾⡣
ôһӦӦٸʩѹֻҪҿϳͷ˾һ鷳ᾸҵѯʣͻɱҶСͷϡ
ȴӦõϢȴȤ֪ڼ䲻񣬱ҶС߰һӣңңɶҶСʩӰ죬ȴҶС쾹Ȼǳ˹˾
ӦһһңͬʱԸȾ䣬ҶС鷳ʱٳֽȣһ񲻾Ϳʾˣ
ȴ˾Աǰͭ׽ҶС»һˣ˾֪ͭ졣ֺҶС˿̶ۣ˺гϢһܿӡ
ҶС˻ûͳɱ˷ˡׯ׮ԡġӣ˵ҶСӹ̡ɻȱһ֡
дһţǰϸ˵͵ˮҡ˵Ѿʧȥ˼ݡ˼οʹְ񣬵ǶҾɵӵмӰͭϻϼҳԾӣȻҪҳ档
µһеãһһڣΪĴһӦĽܳž͵ϡ
Ѿʧȥ˳ƾɵصȨȫϼ徭Ӫ˼˼شǧ֮õǿӰͳθصľɳʩӰ죬Ȼ֮ܵ
˴һ£ص֪¾첮Ĵֽţ˴첮첮ĴʱѾķԸȥĥһְڼ汸׼ء
˵СУ첮ϾĴһֱ︮Ҫ˵ҹĸ߹ݣ룬ǵչԶˣ׷ȴҰģԭ߹繫ŮӣлŮ׷ϣҲѰŮһ
˼ҵľԼϣλδ汩УˮȨ˶Զ֮첮ҵӣЩ˵ɺ֮ɺϣΪ档
첮Сסʩݼ֮󣬿żɽص˵ͭʸһѦĸŮ״һҶСˣ֪£
첮İһôС㣿
ȴ֪¾ֺֹһҡ


23 
첮İ²ѯʴµ⣬õشǣղļѦĸţڽͷ·˿ߣһʱ֮ģָȥ״ʦˡ
ɽ΢ڶţǶ֮ԵЩ룬˫Ŀȴ̴첮ϡ첮ĴƤɸо˫۾̵öͷ
˰Σ洫ĵһЦԭˡҶСͭ׵ţˡ︮ĹϵҲţӣҵø
첮İգҶС죬ôܵʲôطܺǶĴǣϹϵںصʱٻŪǽ塣ˮΪҵĵϣͿҰڲˣû뵽ִ졣Ǹӹŵӣʲôƨ
ŵڼѾӣб飬ҶСԩġ£һ˾ܽԩ˺ˣͲҪˡ
첮İҧǿ̬ϸǣȻΨС֮Ǵӡ
΢΢ףܺãȥɣúñҺܿ㣬ֻҪ¾˹Իһǰ̡
첮Ƿǣĸˣ
ɿ۾ɨһۣϧ￴ֻܸоյȴ޷ʲô첮İ̾ϢһĵƾҵƷòιѵСŮ˻ģöĴأ
첮ţ̬ȴǲ˿ķУӣǣٲ˳ȥ
棬ǽȦΣһһ¹ӣ˵ŵ첮ǹλ¹ӾˡһͷīȾƵͷ٣һӣ˱һ
һСȣ˰κȻЦ첮ģʲôöޣȴչļѻʵ飬һֺչһ룬˽Ҵǽ壬Ųò뿪أƷӵĺܡ
صҪͥ˱벻һ񡣾һҲһô
¹ӹһЦͦվ΢ЦҸոյϢӦҪˮ֣һԼһĶֵأ˷ˮȴ֪кĿġ
粻һϲͷôϧڲݲ뿪ȥĵͷǾҲʹ졣ˮɲ⣿
¹һȣǶʱˣΪ绹ǲµôܾҪӦϣԶһһܲš
ص⣬ڣ£Ҳġ
¹ӵСá
һ䣬Ҿˡ
¹ε̾˿úϢַ˳ȥ
һ·嶣

Ѧĸŷ߽ӣճϵˮһŤתӡĪˮ費ң̯һΨͼĸף̯һϵĸףδǰ޳ܣǺ޲
Ѧĸߵ齱ߣԵ㶫ɡ
ˮһԲˮȴȻ˳£ʪ
Ѧĸ齱߼ϣ£̾˿Ѿͷô벻أСǺӵǻЩӣ»붴Σʱ֪㲻Բ飬Σ²㣿ܹҪӵģȰԼʲô
ˮЦһʵûʲôίȫûûݵıӸ֪ûԲ£ͻҳңǴӸϿѦң
ѦĸȻô᣿ǺҲҿųģԴܸɳʼ
ˮĵ̾˿Ҳ˵ˡһŮҵϣĸһĲֵĸף޻˵ˡѦĸֶ㶼ûԷˣôǿԵ㶫
ˮͷҲأصҲԣͷģˣ
Ѧĸŭһ٣ݵôϣصĻǸҶģãҲ㣡ˣҲһҪҶĸ
ˮŭĸ׵㾿ʲô裬˵˭ĳˣ
ѦĸŮһʣͻȻЩ㶣ãȻ˭ҵĳˣ
ȻҶС죡
ſͻȻһлЦе˽ѦĸȻ򣬵ԣҶСǼҵĴˣ
Ƶģȥ˵˺ü顣
лЦеؿˮһۣˮ踺Ťͷȥ
лѾ϶ˮ費ˣӻ׵ģǿҲǸҶģʱľ޺ʱ֮һɨգ˿ֻĵļޡ
ŮѾֵϧֻ䱻ŰǱӦõ³ǸҶСĳ裬ҲһҪϴѩˣ︮£ôһñӵ˻ϡ
лѦĸĸˣСֻһʱͿͱˡҶѾ˹ǣǺǣȻأģһ¶棬ٸͻ죬˱𣡡
С˹
ˮȻһȻعͷȥۼлѦ绺ߣߵĻ˻ȥ֪ʳڣлҲʲôسһˮĿڼϣȻ˷롭

ҶСŴ󲡳ëǻɽּ䡣Դӵ˹ݣɽɽгǵľѲǵһμˣڴ֮У·ڳڽҰɽϣָоĺܡ
Ӻ͸޶ϣѵñҶСһ˻һͲͷಽظˣһԾһò޶ʱסƬҶϼڣƨƨߵ׷С졣
ҶСôָĲ˰ɣ
ëǵţնˣȴζû
ҶСЦϻǰյֱ˵ɽȥ˿Ъ죬ˡ
ëǵţ磬ҡܶˡ
ҶСεվסŲȥȥɣ㡣
ȣ
ëǴӦһŶܿȻվסӲݴг˼ƬʴĲҶӣһͷԡ
ҶСվһëǻ̧ͷǰֻһСëҲŲǰȥոתһͻȻһͷ಼С¨ƻƵС˸档
ҶС۾һֱˣ
ӨӨҶСģСˢһ±òҰףһĢ˵ϣͰ͵ص㡭


24 
ҶСһϽȵı飬˫ֱؿ˫ƽ죬ֱͦͦǰһӨӨһУٿ˫סӣŵ㲻ҪңҺģҴˡ
ҶСѹɤô㡭˵ѡ
ӨӨû˵ѡŶˣҾʱСİһֻȸŪˣĵؿһ찡һ˷أ治ǹģ㲻Ҫҡ
ҶСصֻһ£𣿡
ӨӨССˣʱҰһ洫ˣ鴮һ飬͸үүšʱҰڽ϶һ˿СһСΪԧƯһҵ˯ʱϻһֻСڹ꣬ҵǱұżװ˯ģ֪á
ӨӨ߶߶˵˰죬оûжסʮָſһһǽʬѾӰӨӨһ߸ߣתܣһһߺֻ
ӨӨһܵľʵᣬСޱС·ü죬ŽһСĢûԳɣĴСٴɽĢСޱС·һֱģֻԱܿһԱԼɵĢĻСɻɱ˶ҩ˭֪һת۵Ĺͳ¡
λòԶһӨӨУϴг˳ӨӨһ˹ȥͶְ˽С·ĻƵίֻˣңҡ
С·ĺ󱳣ο԰£¡
С·˵Сޱ죬Сޱγŭǰȥ
ëǸŶӴһӣƲˣһ졭ѽѽ㡭㲻ߣõʲô
Сޱһ۾Ϳëǣһ⸱ԣʮа˾žװŻСǸһ˵طƬ֣ҲûеڶˡСޱƯĴ۾ԲˣѵһܣȵСӻˣŴŻǼӨӨ

ëɵۣ˵ﰡǼӨӨ˭ǱԲ֪ɶʱŻˣ
ٷϻ
Сޱһţë˸ſȵߣȥӨӨߵͷҪǿ㻹ˣҪȻСӾ͵ɡ
ҶСڲԶУëǱ˼ץɰżһ粻
ۼСޱһëƨϣŲӺҶС켱æ˳λץˡ
Сޱһ˫Ŀݵһɨò㣬һ˲ţɷȴװͰ͵ʵôץˣ
ҶСЦΪǸң
㣿
СޱȻɴ۾ϸҶС첻˵ѣĵģϳɹǼӨӨǼƷ
СޱţסëǰһƣëһſСޱһԾӵҶСߣѵһܣȵȻ㣬Ǿ͸߰ɡ
ҶСģҼȻˣһһ⵶ôͲҪҲˣܲˣҪǲСĻҵĲӣǾĳ˹
Сޱǳ鴤£һţҶСƨɣƼǺԵģʶ˻ȥһ˫ƯĴ۾ٸˣƶ죬Ƥӹ򣬻ǼӨӨǰðɣҪܺҾͰ˵仰û
ҶСĵˣ⻧˼Ҳôжû뵽ҼҵҲôһȥҺλһôøУҵʱ˵˵СλӨӨҲһ˵ӣԸӹһ١
ҶСţֻùԹԸߣŤͷëһ˫۸Լ֪С˵ûûأɱȥ˵䲻ʱ˵ĻҪ⻧˼ң˾һù
ҶСҺ˼ҹûˣȥȥȥȻȥ
ҶСһ˵һëʹɫëǿͻػȻ򣺡զôأ󲡳ȥҲððȥš
ëǸϽԹվסĿҶС챻λƯҲܰԵСѺ뿪󷢸п˸˾ǲһ԰ߴģ԰ͺͺϻ˵ĺãۡ
СޱѺҶСصŵĵط϶һֻӣӨӨС·ˣСޱȴҲţӨӨ˾ţС·ŻסѺҶСסũȥ
һԺӣͼС·һˮӳһҶС죬һ˫¶ɱ
СޱӨӨôˣ
С·ŭŲˣͷЩգء
СޱһҲˣԭҶС컹мֺøУʱȴŭĿӣɵĺ£ǼӨӨҪи̣ǧУ
ҶС˵˼ҹŲˣҲЩڣֻǲ鷳Բôһ磬û뵽Ȼ˼ҹŵԴȻǺڲ
ҶСϽ¶ȷҲԡλֻĲǴȥֻҪ֪ҲǹⲡȻҲˡ
Сޱһļ򣬽߳ߣ
С·ˮȽݣʪһëӨӨĶͷӨӨϣոƬ̬̺죬˫۽ţܶƯëȴƵƵƵգܵľʵᡣ
С·ëͷһӨӨ˾Ƶ˫ֺһץսС·֣૵ص㣬ңǺˡ
С·ŭصҶСһۣ۵СޱСӨӨ˵ĸ鶼ӨӨۼӨӨģȻϧ
ҶСҲڣæվ齱ߣϿҵصλӨӨʵڶԲסˡ
ӨӨͻȻſ۾һȻվԼǰŵһУֳӣ̼ؽУ߿㲻Ҫ
˵꣬ĴС͸ƵģһͷӣԲζ߸ţǹҲͿƵġƽʱƼ⸱ģС·СޱٲҪȡЦһ龰ȴޱۡ
С·ҲˣҶС첱һܣҧгݵصɵĺ£
ҶСϽҸ͡
ҶСӨӨǷ·Բ滭ƵСδҾ治ǹֻǺ㿪Ц㿴յģйءӨӨ
ӨӨñͷصҰɣҶ㺦ˣ㻹ô
ҶСЦãεصȵأһӰӣ㿴治ǹ
ӨӨһҪŵе㲻Ҫɫ㲻ңҪˡҿˣء
С·Բγ䵶ȵӨӨ£㿴ţɱͷ
ۼС·﷢˺ݣҶСҲˣҵȷǹ
һԣС·ĵ͵ڿУСޱС쾪㵵رO͡ҶС켫ʱӨӨűӲϳʱҶС׿ڳˣӨӨȴٿһƿӣŴ۾ˢһϣص㡭Ϊɶң
Ϊ
ҶС˼糵һתҪ˵ˡ


25 ƪ
ҶСһ˫תţڷĵĲϣƵòԽת糵һ죺ȣ£ҪӺܾúܾǰ˵𡭡
ҶС뵽ɽףӢ̨Ĺ£ϧѾǧ꣬û׼λ¹Ҳ˵ǡҶСȻԭһ
ҶСܾǰҺͬһӣ÷Ժǳ¡˫ĸǳ׵ʱͻȻ˲˵Ҫϲһִ¶ˮĲҩκãǣҾɽ
СޱС·һۣСޱÿͶС·
С·ÿͻش˵
ƿһǣӨӨȻĺġҶСҩҲɻˣϧһ˽ûȣϵˤ²ʡ
״ѽһƵøЩ
ҶСĲˣߣҺһֱԲѣжβáɽˮһλףλ˵ʵѾӳܵͷҪȥҵҴˤʱӦˣΪ㲻ңҲ㣬ҵĻһֱŲȥ
ҶСλʦ˫ۿ⣬ſһң߻վһңѾۺˣΪ㲻ߣһֱڲͣغҵ֣ҾһֱߣһȻ
׶˶ӨӨ̽һͷҶСһָۣϽϱӣصǡأ
ҶСǿסЦŶ˵㰲˯ɣһӣһģҵĻǲŻصԼϣ
ӨӨᡰһЩġ
ҶСΪ磬ڵظŲͶ̥㡣˭֪ҵȵ̫ãظʱȴǡ˯ˣ㲻֪ڵ㣬Ͷ̥ȥˣƴ׷ϣȴûü
˵Ҵ˺һͶ̥ʱֻٵһֻأҺ㣬ҾͶ̥һֻȸɵߣ㡭
һƿӨӨ۾ɵúô󣺡ȸ㡭˵ֻȸҡСʱֻȸ
ҶСͷǾҵĻ
ӨӨͻȻߵӣ߿žصԲҲ֪㡣ǡԲ𡭡ء
С·ظס˶ͷСޱͷϵسŷۡҶС΢΢һЦûʲôֻ̫㣬㣬ʵһ죬Ҿͺܿˡ
ҶСôһ˵ӨӨˣصؿţòġ
ҶСǣֻ˵ظһҪٵһӣܺһͶ̥ʵ̫ˣԲšҲãұھ㣬㣬Ҳԡ
ӨӨȪӿƴҡͷҲ㡭
ҶС̾˿һһˣӨӨҪúõػţ㣬ԺһͶ̥ת
ҶСĺŸѾżһ⣺粻֮࣬׾پͰˣҾ͵ǵ뿪λ뺷ĹҲң̫ˡ
أ㲻ҪߣҲˣ
ӨӨĹ¸жһͿϷɿҪסҶС죬С·СޱϽסС·ǿЦ⣬һӨӨ߰ɣĻҪúûš
Сޱɴ˫ۣؿҶС죺һҲ̫ܳ˰ɣҲУ
ҶСŬţԼüҵóʹĿӨӨһۣصˣҲټҵӨӨټ
ۣ
ҶСҪŵĨ֮󼪣ͻȻһɴӱײɳȥ̡һڵϣˤ߻أѹͷֺϺѹһɽˡ
Գëţͭ壬һͷӣ²ҶСĺ󱳣ǳţݵصһ۽ŵسֵ䱸С·СޱλԴѰҶС䡣
ӨӨ۷ֱͷδľԳ֣ۣ̾ɾ
ʱĸ޶Ҳ⼷˽ӨӨһǴ󾪣ۣèܾ
ҶС챻ԳĴѾӲȵ͸˫۰ѵسŵ棬ҽеӣ̧̧ţҿ챻ˣ
ţ
ӨӨͷոհжһͿǰˣӱͨ죬ͽ͵ھԳĽƵţȴӨӨͻȻ׹һֻôܱס
ԳҶС뷿ߡСԴһͣҶСڽ£æŲ˽ѾӣҶС조شһڴҸصǲ㱻çײһ
ҶСδˣһյĽӴƭң
ҶСһ̧ۣͼһֻȾԳѾС˺ܶ౶ƯСѥֱԼĶͷ顱һһף˹ȥ

ˮ贩һ︮Ѿ·ãȻ︮ﶵȦӡ
Դ˵ҶСѾˣٸ׼μӹԵʱץ鰸ˮͷ˾ʳ̬ҲѦĸֻŮѾת⣬ȴ֪ˮҸӳȥҶСͨ籨š
Ȼ︮ʵ̫ˣҽͻԭִͬˮ͵͵ܳԺ·˱·ǰܿһûþ·߲ȥˡ
լչ߳һźصͷʵ̫࣬ҾͲȥˣʹɡ
չһЦҾͲ鲻ǰµġҵ˵Ҫһܸɣ֪Ҫʡ
̾˿ȴ֪жĽǣǵģá
СչȥԶСӰ㴿õӨӨԳءȻͬټϼλ࣬ȻȻرѡ
ʵ˵飬չӨӨ浽һȥԵϷǸȤģȻĹǽ˹ͬȤ֮⻹ĺô˵ûĻѾͷһҲúܷɡ
ֻڲһ£ȡɲֻһ첮ĵģܶȡһҾпڹٳжһԿƵĹԱҪ飬ؽϣܲĽչˣ
չ̾ӨӨѾͷΪŹҲ֪㵽ȥˡôæһͬͬˣֻʣһ
̲ס΢ЦӨӨһԻϲԩҡˮҹӶӨӨĪԶ֮Ψ֪ƾݳģӨӨҲϲǡ
չԼ̾ӦòӦõĵϲһˣֻ߲ϲһˣʵûеɽġ
Ŀһ΢ЦижѽĪǡѾˣ
չһ죬æεûأǿ͸ˣµĳ˾ûһöֵüһƬ顣æţͱˣǽôʲô
΢ЦֹһתˮһƬС߳ˮȻŮˣʶؾҪٶȥȻչȥ


26 
ëǼҶС챻ץߣܻȥˣ·˾Գ͸޶ëָֻŵһͨȻԳԣȻһ˼ѭҶСζ׷ȥ޶ʱѾ飬Ȼ
ëȥ׷ܵʵ̫죬ë׷ϣֻûȥƷɺͶ졣Ʒһ类ץ⻹ˣΧȹţСңңǣС磬ȻҲ׷˳
ֻǲ֪ӨӨס׷ɽֻһֻӣӰɵۣʱз۾ŲæشӻһĴָСƿӣӣɳһֻ۷ĳӡ
ǳӷɵͣһ£ڿз·衣۾˵ǰߵĹľ߹ȥƷһסƷɵ߷ɵġ
조Ŷһ۾治ɫصãǸˣҡǣ
ǣƷɱңңëֱضֻ۷䡱ӣɭɭضǵıӰһȺ˴ɽֱӨӨס
ֻ۷Ƶĳӷɵúܿ죬ʱʱԶַɻǰŸֿƺͼһȺӨӨס⣬Ʒɲ˫һѿڵ
ëǵ϶ǰ߾һӡ
˵ѾҵˣͳСƿӣ̵صЩҩĭȥһ٣ֻӱɻСƿұ۸棬·һֻȼյĻ棬Ҫټм飬Ǿ͡
ëǿ죬ʵʲô𣿡
۵ûʲôڵɻ
ëӣ˵ǳӰͷɻˣСƿˡ
Ŷ
ջƿӣסһصǽȥɡ
ƷɰңңëǣŲŲ嵶λãԺųȥ
ԺҶСһӨӨڶš
ҶСվھԳӺ͸޶м䣬ӨӨվС·Сޱм䣬С·Сޱ̵ֶӨӨ糺죬͸ӣཱུģҧһڵ
ӨӨ˫ƯĴ۾ݺݵҶС죬ޣ
ҶС쿴ӣֿ޶İõ룺ҡ
ӨӨҶСһνӣиޣԼղźɣȻһƭԼǰˣ߾޲طȥ
ӨӨԽԽָҶСϲһδΪֱܳķŭӨӨõС飬߿ž˰ΣҶСţһҲֻǾλСʱرƯ
ҶС첻Ӻ͸޶ȻҲվţӨӨָֻŵ˰ΣӨӨԳͷݺݵҶСһ۵Ϊˣ֪˵ʲô𣿡
ҶСãȻҡҡͷӨӨüһص㣡ɣ
ҶСԻصţңȴʲôã
ֵӢˬС·СޱԼͬŤͷȥָ
ӨӨһŭһˣô
ҶСεصðɣ˭ء˵ҲǳƭֻǲСİײºȥ˵ôˣ㡭Ǽ۸ˣԲϽ뿪֪ŵ㣬ҾôġҲˣҲˣǾʹ˳ƽòã
ã
ӨӨίر˱죺֪֪Щŵþ˯ãҲԲ㣿
ҶСεصô
ʱ򣬻Ʒһ߿Ժţε˽ӨӨһЦðǹȻһģ˰֣ΪҾǲɣ
֪ߵغĴС㲻£С·СޱλȴЩЩ˲֪ʲô·Ҫǲ֪أСô죿
Ƕ֣λﻹԾģټͷԳͷǸ߳һֹ׳˶ɽƵģַ·ֻȵľԳλ﷼
ʱһ߽з۾㳯ҶС߹λСеĵӶһֱߵҶСߣ˸ӣȻ𡭡
ҶСϽ壬û£վһߡ
Ȼ߲ǰƺΪߣæӦһҶСһվ޶նյģһվǡõǰ棬޶ѴԴҶСȼ̽ע⵽Ĵڡ
С·ŵŶֵݣԽһתôߣֻС㲻ӦҪ涯һԿô죬ôȫ֮ߡ
뵽ԺšॡһٶȱƿһߴĺһԺŲ㰫ҪŲײ鹣ĵߴúܡ
ӨӨһôˣ
ǸߴӸոֱͦ˶ѭ¶ϲЦݣӨӨȻ߹ΪʵڸߴƳĴֻϵӨӨǰ
ӨӨüһޣС·Сޱǰҵٸģ
С·СޱλæҡͷʱſӿһȺͷ׳ָһͼҷεͷĵЦˣλɣ
ӨӨ֪˭ˣ˵ص˹һۣ㷳˼ʲô
ЦӨӨ滵˶డһ˳⣬ôܷĵأ
ӨӨҵ¡ͽЩңܷ˰ɣ
ģȻģȻҾֺαұ˱Ҹ߰ȫʲôˣ
˵ţؿһҶСˣͷϹֵľԳʱһ˿ȣľԳҲδ
ǡ
ӨӨһתͻؼΪ˰ѹľӨӨϴҵɣ
С·Сޱصɴ۾ȵؿӨӨͬ仰ˣ㵵ؿӨӨ˰ΣŤͷҶС죬ɱ
ҶСվڶ氵пࣺˣǼҹȻкöõܣԲãǲǾֻôӶһǸϽߣᵽȥɡ
ΪӨӨһֱｻ̸ɲ֪ӨӨͻȻôһñӸŤͷȥӨӨּ˵˼䣬ӨӨһҧǸ˾˷һˡ
˵ӨӨҶС첻ҶСһЦะร
ҶС֪˵磬รۼ˼ҹ¶ЦֵʰҶС˿æϵ¶һЦͷร
ӨӨûЦҶС˸۶ţҰ㣩
ȻתȥһһߵҶСߣӸµҶСֹû³ô߸ƫƫվô۵ġȻұֳλɽˡŬ¶һƽ͵Цݡ
ͻȻЦˣ΢Цִ˴ҶСؿڣָָԼĿڣһһصò磬ţ
ӨӨһҪҶСɵɴ۾ҶСЦݿصͷţ


27 űҶС
ҶСӦˬ죬΢΢һ֮£𼸷塣ٿҶСݣ˼СģӨӨеˣһǵ֮ȴ֪ʲô𿴸ӱС˵һùҵҪСˡ
ĺһԸûҶСֻﰵСģҶСͷߴ˵һͨ˵ˮӵΪ֤ۿǶһսҪ˳ӨӨ׷
ҶС˵ʲôɫݣŵư͵⣬ȻҲҪЦӭ˲΢Цŵͷ֡šһ
ëһԼͶأǴ磬˼Ȿ£ﶼ
ӨӨҶСȻһӦӦɽؿ˱䣬ǺǺЦֻʱȴÿڣ鴩Ҫ𤶹˦˦
ҶСͷãʮ֮ǻϪ
ҶСɲװ΢ЦͷתߣżʮɫͷĴ󺺺뿪ˡҶС찵˿ĵЩõͦ˵İ֪ˣҵαظһ
ţӨӨѾ嵽ǰشۣʵ书ܸߣ
ҶСһΪʲôôʣҶСʵʵҡͷҲ䰡
ӨӨ˶ţûصҵʲôͷ
ҶСôˣ
ӨӨڰصղǸˡǸˡ
С·ͦǸˣ׷ǼӨӨˣ˵ӨӨɣҪԼʮ֮󣬻Ϫ֮ϣһս
ҶС󾪵ղǸƵļһ
ӨӨ޵۹⣬Ҳһͷɡ
СޱȻһȭһͷţҪҿ㻹ǰٰ°ɡ
ҶС󾪵ƾʲôҲλӨӨɰ
С·ճ鴤˼£ӨӨź㡮ะӦ˰
ҶСصะʲô˼
СޱɆ
ҶС˰ΣתӨӨŭݺң
ӨӨһҶСŭĿӣҶСװŪһ£üһصҪݺ㣬ô˭ΪôŻģţҰ㣩군ˡ
ҶСİģͷɾһȭһͷţҵţʵôһȭǰؾ͵ϡһҪȢӡһҪڽӴұжʮ깦ºˣֻʣʮ죬ʮ졭ƨҲ
ӨӨɥӣڱһ֮Ǹ⣬СǶüҶţҶСһɵŭͷ򵨱һȥסӨӨСС·Сޱëǵ˵һУһȥ

ӨӨ㵵صɴ۾ӦһԻƵӣͱҶСݺݵסˡΧȫˣԳӶˣ޶ӰŬԲĸĲӣǿĲֱġֻжз˫ۣʵڿֻð̾һӡ

ӨӨôͷһαС죬˶ˣ˫ˮƵĺһţĸƲҶСʵʵǸţðҶС̧ͷһǳǡ
ӨӨ촽ʪĺ죬ΣȻ΢΢Щסش˼ڴϢĸоһ⣬ƯĴ۾յؽ߳㡭쵰㾹ҡ
ҶС󣬵ţţǲǣҽ㰢ţһӨӨ°ͣһĺףҶСٶȥ
ӨӨˡ
С·СޱλŵһԾԾԵӣȴ֪µӨӨǵ汻˷ˣĳţǺã
һǳǣҶСٶ̧ͷʱӨӨպϼϢݣֻСʶץҶСؽֻһ˾ͻ̱ڵϡ
Ȧһ죬Σίίص㡭ҡ
ҶСݺݵ´ۣصˣú׼һ£֮Ȣţ
ҶСһ仰ӨӨֱŪˣͰ͵ص㡭˵ʲôȢȢң
СޱС·ڷӦһһӨӨߣһֻּסᵶǰҶСŭĿӵСӺôĹ
ҶСؿڵӴĺֹǵ㣬㡭
ҶС췢ëʱʵ۶ҲλεĵǰָָС·ıǼ⣬ָָСޱıǼ⣬ʮصن£һһûô׼һŮءٳٳҾͰҲˣС
С·СޱͬʱһëһʱҲͷ˭ͷǻҴŹȢСãǵĸǾ͵ȥɡ
ңңЩģһСַˣֻҪҵķͺá
С·ˣƲŹŹܡ
û˵꣬ӨӨȻһУһתವһ˷ţС·СޱһۣĴСǲһʱ벻ɱʲôɵ׷ȥ
ҶСߣǻȥð񣡡
Ʒɴһ磬㡭ҪȢ
ҶСҪŮȢ˭ȢѾͷҿŻ˳۵ģȢֺηǻ˾ҲһҪ˵ýҵĹﻹδأĺһƯ
ҶС˵Ժб㸡ֳӨӨǵߵľգֻΪݺı׵˫ʱ̬ȴ˱仯Ҳɡ
Ʒ׵е
ëǴһӣƵص˵ĶԣһѾͷƬأΪ˱գöһȢ˰ɣһ֣ͲһӶ᲻
߰˵ű߳ȥй˶ǵ٣Ҳδע⡣߼䣬Ʒɵ磬λ
ëǵɶǹ۴ɩ
ƷɿЦǣ۴ɩ˵ʮ֮ǸҪڻϪ
ԳΪڽæյǰ棬ҶСһţçײղŲһŲԺ𼱺ġԳһţȫΪҶСڸЦץ˵һߡ
ҶСϿԳԻƷɵţǶˣô˶ֶء
Ʒɵҿ˲ưոݡ
ҶСȢλӨӨĵڶ׮ôˡǴһͷԳһֻèܣĿ̫ԡһҵõֲ뿪Ȣ߰ʮֵܲͳҵİ֣ʲôӡ
Գˡӡ֣شչƨɣҶСȥȥȥվǷһƨϣͷԳŵߵһȥ޶ҫСܡ
ƷɻȻ⺷Ͱε˶ڵĻ治öԸҪϴɩȫҵ֣Ӯ䡣ֻǡλӨӨϼô
ҶСصһСãĴ;ӴǼҾпɵİ˼ңҪòУҪƣҲУҪݵλţĺˣŵҰ
ңңͷǣС
ҶСЦһڣ޵Ǽңң۹⡣
ңңС̵ģвǡСλƯ׵ء
˼ҵ̫С
ңң룺ҳˣСҲ͵ģ


28 
С·ܽԷܽȥСޱϻͷָڴ˸ĶС·Ϸ˽Ų߽ȥһͼӨӨϣؿǰƮƮģֺʲôûп
һƵָԼ΢΢Щ׵ĴС·СޱܽûС·Сޱȥһ̽ѯСޱһǰһŵ߳ȥ
һԺС·ȲʵӨӨôˣĪǱɵˣ
Сޱ̾˿ҿǱ˼ɵˡ
С·
Сޱһ۵˵ɵȻɵ˵ӨӨĶġ
С·һɣΪһ£
СޱСӳͦΰ
С·ͷ룬òСޱ˵ĻţȷôӡſȥˣھΪһ£Ͷ˴İɣ
Сޱ̾˿ĳţҲ룬ôˣСֶûŮ˵ĵһΣǺģʱȶʵֻһɲǵ¶Ϊһ仰ΪһϬֻߡΪһǡ
Сޱ˵ţƻãƺҲˡС·̲סЦ˵ģоӡ˵ǲǱ׹ˣ
ҲûУСޱƲ壺ǿǴ꿪ʼӨӨҲûֿʲôʱҸ˽
СޱؿС·һۣҼǵãǰǲֹһλعկӣǡѾ˰ɣ
С·ҲˣУǲΪôҲŸϻȥ̺̽ҩģɡ
Сޱһ׽סﲡû飿Ҳ˵ʵţֻû᣿
С·ˣôҾͲû
Сޱ룬ҲĵغˡĸŮôû㽹һˣ
˳ĬһӣС·˵Ϊô³ԵӨӨӨӨϲˣ
Сޱ㻹ǲǵүΪϲǼӨӨװź˾׽ײһļһĽţӨӨʮֵΧŹ£
С·ȻǵãٺȦȥӨӨ״ְһǶ⡣
һ¶̬Ƭ̣Сޱֵ㻹ǲǵãҴٵϷǼӨӨʵֻռ˵ͷˣͱǼү׷ȥðүüҷݺݴһٰӣְݵ£
С·Щʲô
Сޱ̾ļ¶ӨӨѾ޷첻ĵزأǺ˶Զ֮仰ϺӨӨη֮绢
С·ΪȻصҲãǸô׷ӨӨ׷Ľء
СޱЦǸӣֻȭͷ˵ǼӨӨСͱʮõΧţȭͷ˵ˣϲˣ
С·Ȼ˵
СޱȻҿţӨӨ˷ֻô˿ţЩˣôȴδء
С·һͰ͵صҪӨӨӨӨϲô죿
СޱүӲȥ£ʵڲлأٵģ
С·͵ĸˣǣ˵ۡ
˴ӱ͵ļҿʼʹˡǴսʱڵһֻƶȣŮӵǸŮĽһ޹ȥЩõݾʱҲˮֵطʱڵĻƶȡ
СޱͻȻҲ׹Ǹһô
ϸҶСӣȻһ㷴УҶСôӨӨĳ棬촽ͻȻҲЩֵˡ

ˮ豻һУٶӲͷƤ߹͵ʹӦһվһߡ֮︮ʹƣܶϵùҲ⣬ֻչ𣬱ˮ뿪
ˮȻݵͿѾĽɫͲ˼Һ棬ǰֲʶ·ֻ÷Ų۽Ų󷽵չģ˼˺Ӧòͷһεţϣλʶ·
չȷʶ·ÿ·ڣˮĹ۲Ķһ㣬ҲɻԺ䣬ÿζж׼ȷҲʧء
չһʼûע⣬ڷˮ״ߵһ·ʱչһһ·һգˮĹ۲Ķչһ¸ոˮһ·չ΢΢һЦֱסĶ̽
ߺܳһ·ûвˮ˿ڲʱ̹ע˼ҵĶˣڴ˼ҵѾĴҲģչǰһƬ֣һŶˮڷֲԾˡ
ǰвĻԣ˼ҵһ԰ֵطǲڿ˽·ϵģˮ輱æվסҸʲôһ£һۿչɫıȥˡ
չЦЦؿס˽ôĵӣһ͵ҵ˷ˣ˽̰㴦ٸŲʣ
ˮæ͵ᣬҲ
˵Ǽһģֻǵʱˮվ˶չɨһۣȥòʱչһװˮעһĴȥˣ˿̵չȴһװˮҲδ͵ׯɽǸŮϵһ
ǲҲŲģ֮ҵѾչЦ˵ţתҵ£һ˲ôϣҿǰҵ˻ˡ
￪ˮ˫ϥһ͹ȥλĵĹǧҪҵҲֻǡֻǡ
չӣһʱ˵ģֻ
ˮʵ︮лδޡ
չüİѾʲô
ˮʵл˹ᣬ뺦ҵĶ롭뿪︮ȥѶ̫︮·
չ΢΢ЩݣЩӣ¿˿ˮɣǵһ˵
չˮ裬˱һ֣ˮ֮£ǰչϸ˵һ飬չһʹסˣû뵽ҶСϢ
Ǹ쵰
չҧȻ˹ȻˣΪβңչˮûլӣɰаѵҸۡںô뿼оˣٷң
һ룬չֻϲ˫۸ոһǰˮ裬ЩСһֱϲģС졭ô죿
չɵ֪ҶСסô
ˮҡͷֻ˵ҲҲȥٸοʱ֡
չ΢΢һЦĻټһǣҵõ˵һŮӣ಻㡣һƬģߣȵӦ֮ڣȥǰغΣ
ˮϲæллȫ
չֽЦݿصؾ񡣡
չʣ֪֮ڣ
ˮҡҡͷչһЦøɰˣõģ
չ룺ʱȥˡλˮôҰŲ졭ѽ˼ĺܣ˼ҲСļǴˣ㲻Ұɣ


29 Ƹ
ݵſţбսӳëƸϣãײ͡
ҶС챾ЩµƸ񣬲ƷɺëһΪԷСС˼ңûСã͵Ķ̫޳нγʵݡ
ҶСǽΡΡУ˸ҪӰǿСεơëԸ½ӹʹƸˡ
ӨӨؿƸһŹֵС·ûСޱķݶ֪ģȻеССʧޣֻǡ˱ˣ̫ˣ
ëǮļƣϲػɩסǽǼеĳأô¶ø˵ɣ
СޱͻȻһ㣬ߵɱĻ쵰Ƹȥɵ
С·æסһ˫ƯĴ۾ضסëǣҪ˵ȴ쵰ʵڣ
ëһˣ˵λﰡ֪˭ǿţŰ񰳴絽ˣһת۾Ǿүܵ١Ҳ룬м˹ٻô᲻ˣܼ޸Ҵ磬ǿ㼸ĸݣ
ӨӨʵڻ㵽׼޲ҪޣλĸԸޣͷƸֱӾתˣɣţһ㶼ֻҪŮġġ޶ģУ
Сޱֱ۶ʲôôߺߵصС·˵ĶԣȰһȴۣͷҲ˰ɡ
С·ЦȢǼӨӨһţģҸ㣬Ϫ֮ûˣǻǸϽȥٰ°ɣҪǻϪ֮ţٿֻûлɡ
ëǴŴЦҪ˵أɩ㲻߰ʮֵ㿴ⶼҪˣҲܹžعѰǲǣϪ¶ҪǴӲưոݣ㿴Щֵܰæ
С·ЦֲǴȺܣָͷث֣ǼӨӨǲ붴ҲҪñϰ
һֱڷ㶵ӨӨԽ˵Խ񻰣գ˵ʲôӮ˴ɣ˼Ҿͻ޸һ汻ˡ
Сޱˢһ°γӨӨȥǼңǳСӸɵ
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ӨӨϽס֣СޱȵؿһۣӨӨ֧֧صǻлϪ֮ôȸֺ
ëһ˫ۣⷬ룺ɸƵĲһһǱˣɲɣһǸϽȥ籨Ŷɣɱһȭ绨Сϱͱ˱ˡ
ë뵽תߣС·еιʲôȥ
ëǰڰֵ¶ǿ˰¶ôˡ
С·һתСޱסĶ
СޱӦһ˳ȥС·ϵԺſڣ̽ͷһۣСޱë뿪ˣŻһݣͼӨӨһƥŤСϱȻ
С·һӨӨ򶨵ذѺһ˫֣°һмصᴩôĶߣ
С·鴤¡
һСޱͻˣС·صˣ
СޱҡҡͷһŹֵصǰһסֺߣúܣ˵ھӡ
ӨӨವһϲصסôԵ
ۼС·СޱһŹֵؿӨӨֱһűһţǲΪ£͵͵߰ɣ
Сޱ˲ãô֪νļһһٰɣûж⡣ǰɣǵСãڳôһ߸ϵȢ㵱š
ӨӨմմϲصô˵֪߲˵ͦ۹ġ
СޱĿһţ
ӨӨæĿڵ˵ҪѸԲԣҾΪҲŴӼӳҸյ׷ˣƫƫҵͦ˳ۣýֻ
С·ĵ˳ǰ㱣̫ˣŵ˼С˭ҽӽ㣬ڵ޲ȥˣҪȻΪôڣûʮ˸ֵܸžţ
СޱǣҪأ
ӨӨǲãҾнڲ˰ҵҲٰ˵ˡ
С·СޱҪ²һӨӨⷬĿŶȾж١ĴСؿˣǣǸһһͷһأ
С·ô˼ǣ
ӨӨ˵ˣΪϲĹǲƴġԡһ£ίߣװǼһΪϲ
Сޱĵص㲻ϲɣ
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ĴС°ﵽȥȻ߽ݡ
С·˿ôܾӨӨͻأ
СޱͬصͷҾҲǡ
ৡһƿˣӨӨ̽ͷɵؿǣǲ˵һأ
С·СޱһҡͷûУء
ߣӨӨۣৡһ·
λ˿
ৡһƿˣС·СޱһϽӨӨӨӨһеʵǸסֵı߰
Сޱһָ㶵ָָৡһַˡ
С·СޱӨӨҪ
СޱŽżչȥƿĿ˿ŵ߻·
С·һסǧ˵ʶҶˡ
ëǴҴҸϻסѹû˼ҹķӦǶװֻ࣬ǧˣһ޹ϣֻһ£Ϫ֮ᡣ
ҶСһ˼ҹֵܲæɽƷɼҶСѣͦҸ򣡡
ëǵ㣬붴Ҳȥ˼Ҷ˵ˣæġ
һ۾صߣҲ¿԰æ
ҶСϲʲôð취
һ٣һֻĴָİƿȻҶС켸˵ǰ͸ֻƿеӰŤŤȥҶСͻƷɡëͷ޾ؿеƿӣëǵɶ
ƣþžŰʮһֻ綾ɣֻҪҵǸˣϣֻ칦򣬾ϢĹ裬Ϣ
ҶС̫˰ɣɱ˺ġڡûвɱ˻ܰҴĹƣ
ص˵ͷУ
һһ٣ֻһֻɫƿӣֹԪ֮ģ֮˷ô˹ƣ֮˷ô˹ƣٶȡӦٿǿ屶
屶
ҶС۷Ź룺ǿ屶롭ҴЩնԸˣٺٺ٣ң
ҡҡͷϧصǡߣƲѽ


30 
ҶСûضԶܲ˵õİ⸱ӣгɵĽ𵤣òˣиƨð
ƷɽȰ𼤶л˵
첻㳲աŲæصǣ¿ǲ꣬ϢŭֻڶԷϣĹơ룬ĹУֻ´Ĳȫ
һ֣һϱһѴСС̵ƿӣſǶһһСƿӣϲȻֹӦÿϡ
ҶСһӭգʵʲô
ƽϰʱһֹƳ棬ûдãֹƺ󣬻ǿ׳ɽûôĶء
ҶСϲóͺˣⶫúá
һʱˡˣ˸˵Чֻй߼ȱ߻ߴϲ״̬²ŻѸЧ⣬Чʱֻһ㣬Ҫưա
ҶСͷð죬ҵʱȸ¹ƣȻһʱ䣬⼤ŭͳˣӾͰ
߻¹ô
ҶСһҲҪѧ
첻صͷȻ¹ƵַҲҪѧġ򣬴ԼϻϾʲôƳ涼˺ߣҪǴϾ鷳ˣҲֻôһֻҪĻرĳӣҲҡ
ҶС켱ǻʲôϽģơһ뵽˿־ߺǿ׳ǣҶС޲űѧŶķ䡣
ｨһľܣϱߴССɫ͸̳ӹӣз۾ľϸ˰Σһ̳ӣصҶСߡ
ߣҪѧ¹ƣȵѧ׽ơƲģ̫Ļ׽ƵַҪųɡĹƳһжԻĳӣԿ
ã
ҶСӹ̳ӣ򿪸һߺһƬСӣһⶼ䶯Ž飬ҶСӲͷƤҪֽȥͻͣסɵؿŶ죺ҪҪٿ᲻ô̳ӣ
ЦһߣȻ񲻼ãӣһϴġ
ҶСȻǾͺã
ҶСٶȥ޿ڣͻͣסɵĲῴɣ
΢ЦߣƲְ
ҶСȻ԰ôһ㣡
ĵֽȥϷһҽУٿָѾһСҶСʹ죬صҧң
һصЩôƹ̣Ѿ²ιʳܾˡ
ҶС˵Ʋֵģ
׵ǰĶ˵
ҶС죺
Եÿп࣬ˡ
ҶСҧҧݺݵضֻ̳ӣȻȥΪˣΪˣΪˡ

˳ظϻظۡչոհٺˮ裬ˮסˮǧлм㣬ˮһ˿ĺܣ飬ã
չҪĻܹչȥȻվסƵ߹¿ۣٺЦãʲô˰ҿıе㲻Ծ
չҵε˵˵˼ҡʲô£
һ˵иƶˣܸȤʵʲô°ƽʱװͰ͵ģɴûôͷɥ
˵˵
չûƽʱһƢæתߣѵü飬׷ᣬչ߳ܳȺվסŲʯһ̾Ϣã˵磬˼Ҹոһ£Ҳ֪ĶԲԡ
ڳһصֳ̬еصã㲻ʲô캦°ɣʲôΣ˵ͻ̹һЩ
չĵصҾãô캦ء
˸ɦƫƫǿ򶨣¶ߴٵɫչһȥ︮˵һ飬չ˵֮ЩصҵɺأôǲǺܱɰ
üëһôأô쾭尡
չȻģ
ǵȻŮɷ򣬲ڵڶͶ̥Ͷ̥ܲͶ˼ң˵زҪ˵زʶ׽Ҳðֻ죬Ҳ̫ĴˣҪ˵ɴɵ󻼣㲻֣ɱ
תߣչһסô񶾵£ô
վס̾Ϣͬ˲ͬ˵㣬˼ӨӨͬأҪŮͬһˣ˼ӨӨأȴ˾һŮˡ
չصˣ˹˸׷
ûеģˡ֮ҪڻϪ˵ʱһȥʶʶ
չЦ˭ôĵӣսҪӨӨֻĸϻ֪Ȣţһܰϱ͵ϰٸСɱȥôҵҪȥ۽ˡѽУ
ô
չʮԣǿñӣҵȥöţ

ҪƯʲôÿ
ӨӨǰð񫣬ֻ±¶ʵݻҶС죬Իһô磬ֻǰȹϣ֫˫죬һˮСײˣġ
ˮСײţ׼ˣǡأ
ӨӨһ˫˵Ĵ۾ϸ˼ʵСװͰ͵ëǣأ
ëǵɩۣզأ»֮ǰǲܼġ
ӨӨװͰ͵صٷϻ˭Ӧˣʦģأ
Ʒ룬ҪùӮǴӣվʲôʵ¶ǲҪ֪ĺãë˵©ˣ˵󡭡ӨӨҴڷ顣
ӨӨŭ飿ʲô飿
ƷɵԽҴڿ̿飬׼ˡ
ëƷһ˵ҲæͷԣأϾҪˣϾ˾ܵˣ˵ǿɵץŵɾûˡ
ӨӨŶ鰡ǡǵ깦˵ɡ
ӨӨôһ˵С·СޱʱûƢʦôʦôǼӨӨʲôʱô˵ˣӨӨִǵķӣһ硭ĶţﻹЩʲôˣĸֵܽðжʮ˰ɡ
С·Сޱһۣɥˣǿڵر壬ʦ˼赶Ūǹ

᷿ͻȻҶСһҽУӨӨأǲ˵ڶ飿ôең
Ʒɵͷ׶̹ˣ
ëǵԣҴһֱڣʵ̫ˣҪͷ׶̹ɡ
ӨӨˣɵضС·СޱҪ˵Ҳͦ׵ģŶ
С·Сޱ


31 
ҶСڡͷ׶̹ɵض顱ﲻʱһҽУĴСľԭʦװģʵɸ˼׽һ¸ûˡ˼
һҶС׽ַҧĴˣҽҲˣӨӨ˿пصడɱɸӡ
С·СޱˣģʵĵλŲŲ˼ҴСôһ̬ȣֺαСˡ
˵ĴСһҶų˷ޣֻһ߻ᣬʱҪ޵ģǵҶС첻ˡҲԼ㲻ǡ
ĴСµԺһԺ⴫һƬЦŲ߳ȥͼңңӺ͸޶׽Բء
ңңʹӸأֶնյĸ޶ץһȥԱ׽סңңһңңģҲģӲˣܵ޶ǰץɸ޶ûȤƹҲҪץңң
ĴС㿴˸߲ңܹȥߺһ
ӨӨСȫ±ţҪ˵ǡˤˣ»ˡǺţ˳ĽӨӨӣ˽ĻСθڡ
ңңСҲС˼СܵĽҪݣģҪάһ˵ĺңңͻûʲôģټ뷨ȻܿͺӨӨһƬ
޶СƺҲϲӨӨңңÿζץҲʼظòֺ
ҶСڽ˽ѵ£ݵһִӷ߳ʱͼӨӨƨɶԺźԺС͵Ц
ҶС쾪ȵصӨӨ
꣡Ҫ޶ûҡף
ӨӨͻȻӦתһϲصˣ
ҶСһĵҶʲô飿
ӨӨֵû°ɣ
ҶСһôˣ
ҶСһӨӨôˣ
𣿡
ӨӨʵһãȻ˸߲ңȫ˴еĿġ龰С·Сޱĺ޲طȥ
ҶСӨӨȵ˵Ŀɰ̲סЦˣ㻹ôÿ֮ͬף

ӨӨԼʲôˣ޴˰ΣűһɣڰضҶСҡҵԶȥˣһʱΡءز

ҶСüͷ˼ҵﲻڼңôȢ˼ҹŶǲǿŮôѾ˶ԸķӣõʮҲš֡
ҶС뵽Ȼǡǵ˵
ãӨӨ˿Ц
ҶСͣŪˮһңңȥɣһе¡
ӨӨϲ̵صãѽ޶ҹˣҲҲӨӨһŻŵˡ
ҶСҡͷʧЦĵû뵽Ѿͷ棬СƵģܸңң浽һȥ
Ϧ£ƷϵΧȹӳԺſڣһ£ȳԶңңԷ
ͷ󺹵ӨӨȻظ˹ȥС·СޱӶˣӨӨҪʲô㻹ûأ͵˼ȥˣǲ˼˯Ƕ㶼Ⱑ
С·Сޱ޿̵سȥɷ˵ӨӨߣӨӨҲûؼҳԷˡ
С·ѡؼҡҧúأӨӨŷԼȥףسңң֣ңң氡
ðϻ׽Բأ
ӡһһС·Сޱߵ޵ˡ

һϾ̣߸ڼžҹСҶСϪˮʯϣһɽȪˮ֣һߴк£ϵʹмࡣ
ҶСܹƵҩƶ޷˺ǹƳǹƣ߱һӵıܣҧ
ʳ˵ҩ߲Ʋ֣߳϶῿ⲢҶСòӣЩƳ߹ѾܾûнʳҶСòǣǱܵرᷢ
ص⣬һֲˡѽ
ӨӨܹͻȻ¹µҶС죬ЩϲΪҶСڡͷ׶̹ǡأΪһ硢ͨĴҹ㣬ȻȥҶСù
ҶСһ̧ͷͿ¹µ
ӨӨ߹ƳĴȴ£ÿһ̧ʱһεֱϣǣ¹µ¹µһֻèӯġ
ҶСֵĶӨӨʵڸ𣿡
ʱΧݵķҷϵ㡣¹⣬Ϫз⣬лөһƻõߣվĵ˫۾ҹ貵ǳڷŹ⡣
ҶСĲ©ģŲֱ¸ǰС˶˳ư̧Щ죬ƺ£ſڵҪժ
ӨӨ֪ҶСߵĶݴʣһԸذ仰Ϊ׷һ䰵ǣˣһֻҪ׽סС¹÷ɿ죬εƲƲǣţ˭ܹõϵ
ҶСͷ£΢ЦΪʲôܣֻҪһŹõģһժϵ
¹ϣǵӰӨӨƺӢˣøˣ§§ȹӣҶСԱ£ȥֱƶַ·Ҳ
ӨӨţһĴĸоѽȤģ
ӨӨЦտϸոõЦݣҶСһ׽ס֣ӨӨ̽Ͱ͵ص㡭ʲô
ҶСֿ
šǡǰɡ
ӨӨĻŻŵصͷ˳֣ҶСյ̫㲻
ҶС쿴ɵֻСãôߣᱡỬСֵֵܶ࣬ɻɣֱȴҹ㻹ءģ޹Ҳġ
ӨӨͰ͵صҡδػӦء
ҶСôܣҿţŰѵûǼҲɡʱңһߣǶָָ㣺ǲӨӨ𣿰ӴԱǸ๫ɣһ˲ţ˵˼һأ㿴˼ӨӨ⸣
ӨӨԴ޵ģ̲ס͡һЦ
Сʵ֪֮չҲǸĹǺչһʱʹûǷ֮룬λľ޴ֱӴ롣
ˮļ£ˮǰͷǳţ޼ɵıԼĸ飬ӨӨǰҲһӵţ̸·Ȥ硣
ǣӨӨԵζأѵǰû׷ȴҲȻֻǣǰֻҪţ׷˾Ͳˣֵܾ͵øʮ˸л̸˵ô
£ʸӽ˼λͣҲݣڱ˴˵ݣЩͲ޼ɵʾĽҲú㣬Աʮֻλεġݡ׷߻չԼйоصıӨӨСȤҪǣȱչԼʱӨӨδֻϲһ棬۶׸Ϲӿ
ļѾܷɣûô˸ţֵ˼ĽԵ䣬ҶСĳôĽ˿̹ģҶСߵǸ£ӨӨ־֮Ϊ棬ҶС쵱ԼǰˣȻҴȴϱҶС°ĳǣų°ķġ
ʱ˺ͣصϣһзȺ˳򣬴һһϲҶС죬Եݾô֣ʱһжôˡ
֣ҶСĿƵؿӨӨ˼صͷ˰Σûһص㿴ͦģû뵽ô˼˵иء
ô
ҶСڨЦͷԼǱֻҧεġ㡱˵𡣡
ӨӨûУҼ˵ġ
ҶС˵ҲİСĺ𣬺ٺ٣ˡ
ѽ㻵ˣ
ӨӨߣǸգŬ׷룬ȴҲ벻ʱζǣʱ߲֣СȭͷôҶСϡ
ҶСץסϸĿԣӨӨͻȻʶҪʲôЩߣЩ£Щڴյĸоƺˡʶ⣬򴽰ꡣ
֪ʶĶǺεȵջҶС쿴򴽰ģʱظȥӨӨߵر۾۽ëĳƵƵƵȶš
ӨӨɫˣǸûȥˣ
С·ﲻ֪Ķವһ˳ȴӵĶݣҶСӨӨһٿһ·ֿӡ
ӨӨòվҶСһۣҶСС»رš
ӨӨСã
һЦͻȻۣ˵


32 Ƽʻ
յʱ򣬹һƬڰžլȴǵƻͨʹѾææµµΪǵ˴Ӳݸոסۡ
լ棬ԡѱϵӦһϮۣñһ˳ȡһƤССһڣĿƷζʵҽǸˣ̽䣿
¹ӦūõүѶ֮ȥͭʣȴ˾˹ū˹СջûϢס񷿣ɾͲײˡμӹԵģʱһȥñūҵġ
ţҵͺãҪˣдã
Ӧߵ֣ȻֵˮߣʲôرϢ
룬̽صаιƺġ
ӦһЦĹԵֺֹһңô
룬ȻЦһ£ڹĺֻ֣ү¿δظȤˡ
ӦûӦֻ˿š
µļҵĴС㣬һˮپԶ֮˭֪֪ôģȴһ׷ߡһ¹ȹҵĸүһ֪˭ԼҪڻϪԾ˭ʸ׷ĴС㡣
Ӧ˹ȻȤص֪νСϷô
ЦүԸҸҲӦУԸˣֻ·;ңԶ·ϣѾ˸ţ˵һڹ֮ڼִ
Ӧšһ˸Ƿ¸Ͻүһ·ƣЪ°ɣҪô
ӦվӸˣš
ǣ
´ӦһæһӦá
ʱ︮ȻһƬžаסȴŵơ
鰸ϣҰżֽҵдһЩ֡֡
±ʣĵüܱ𣬵깱ԣֱֱ¼ȡһʮˣʮˣ㽭ʮˣ㡢㶫ʮˣϰʮˣɽʮˣĴʮˣɽʮˣʮˣʮˣҹ٣ȥһֻʮ
῿αϣ۾ŶͷʮչһĸμҺҸ˾˼ʮĸͨ˼š
Щ˼ңûһʡ͵ĵƣȡһڻڶʳֻа첮ķͨߣпܶȡһȴ֪ûʵ
˼ãǼдֵֽţٶǹ뷿ĵƣһֱ

ɽϣҶСָһһֻССĳӱϢ䵽ӨӨϣ䣬ҶС㡰ȡصѽֻ˵ţҶСȥǳӵ䵽ϣֺݺݼһš
Űһ칦򣬾շŹƵַˡ
ҶСԵõ롣ӨӨһЦ۾˵Ĵ⣬˵ջ
С·Сޱվڶʮľ룬εؿһ𡣲ǹ˵ĺҲҪͷˣѾѻϪ֮ϢɢЩһе弹޵ģ˵Ȥ飬˼ѪƵģ໽Ҫȥ֡
ϢɢǲԶĺһҲյϢӨӨǶʮ塢˾ʮõܣһٶֶڵظϵϪ
λѾԤҶС³ˡ
ҶСԵؿӨӨЦģ˵㻹ЦأаҾҪͷɾˣͲұ
ӨӨصôأҿأ㣬һء
ҶС췭۶ʵѾˣʲô¶ֲϲñ˰ɡ
ӨӨЦȻҡͷ㶼ѾӦȡ಻˼С·˵˶֪أҪȡᱻȡЦġ
ҶСϽҲⱻȡЦ
ӨӨɴ۾ҽⰡ㱻ȡЦҶûӣһ
ҶСε̾˿صҲ˵ζñඡ
ӨӨᳶ䣬˿˿ɤѽ
ҶС˵ף㲻ϲΪô
Ųء
ӨӨЦøˣɤҲˣǣҶС䣬ص˼ֻϲΪ㿴㿴
ӨӨһ£ָǰҶСѾϰһһէ˳ָһͼǰͷţһĸͷþ޴ǵĹţڡŶʲô
ӨӨ㿴ͷţΪͷСĸţҪһģѵһͷţ
ҶСǿͷţĴһδܱϳͷţԱ𣬲뵽˼ҾǱصСãʶţĸţûʲôϡ棬ҶСҲȻˣȴ֪ӨӨʶţĸţı׼ȻǿΡͷţѳ꣬ͷոճɵСĸţ׳˶һֹɵıɶˡ
ͷţľһʧܶաʧܵĹţĶӣܳԼһأɽվסʤĹţţͷԲݵСĸţֻǰһͻȻ𣬰ֻǰСĸţıϡ
ͷ깫ţǳǿ׳һһҲͷСĸţһѹһӹſڲݵϣţҲˤһԣͷСĸţؽƺҪܿͷţȴ͵Ծֻǰһһδıϡ
һΣ׼Сĸţվˣͷ깫ţֻȵվסͷǡ衱һУޱȣһߦȰֱֳȴŸӻҪϼֵĴһǰһ̡
ӨӨֻ۾ɵԲԲģֻС߬ǰŵô㿴쿴ǸһﲻҪСĸţǴ˭۸˭̫ˣѽ쿴ôӴͷСĸţأöʹ
ӨӨܱüСֱͷСĸţ۵ûšҶСɴ۾ͷڽţٿ۾գգһߵӨӨռس鴤˼¡
СޱС·ɿܹӨӨߣӨӨǱַֺöĢ
ҲߣͷţÿɶҪ·ƽ
ˣ˼֮£ٹܡ

ҶСҲ̲סˣŶӿЦԼҵСϱɰģʮǲįˡ
ʱĸУҲһŴЦ
ү˫ֲЦ棺ôôҾ˵ƾǱŮһģûϲ۶Ϲˡǰţǰ̫ˣƣԳȥأΪҪȥˣΪ̨
ҲǳɹΪļһŮļʷĴ󹦳׷ɧǰӨӨһţͲģǵʮ˸˸Ųɣʱôǿ̫ˣаϷǲǸñ
ĵ
үӵ۾ظһţ飡ٸ԰ڣҪȥҪȥ˸˭ҵĺô۹⣬ϲǼӨӨ
һϽȰͱȥˣôˡ
ĵ
үһŷӵƨϣ軹֯أҳŶôҷҪȥǶȥҪһ˳ĻҾظŮ


33 ֮
һᳵʮ˵Ļʻ˹ǡѾЩҡΡһ߾ͷ֨֨¸´̶ﲼһҳ϶ųһһ˺ܳԶ·
һƣ̽һѮӺݵף֮ڵûУ
һϵļ˸˷ģСĸոմ֮ǹ֮ڣû
ɫ΢ɣ׵Ǿͺá
˵ˣǲҼҿջϢһ¡
ҡͷֱȥ
£ϵӺ֮ɫʱʧһģλصӣӦ٣Ҳһ·ȴǻ̻̲գΨӦѾ֪ңңĸ׵ࡣ
֪ңңĸӦĹϵǽһҲҼӺϧֱңңĸжŻϤࡣ
ңңĸױ֮ʣºݻ˵ҪСҲŪңңĸ˵࣬ɵȷʵΪ֣û뵽Ӧֻסһ£ȻӼˡ
ңңĸʳΨֲݻʲôңңȻӲҼӺңңĸ׹ܾãҲûʲô˼ֽ
˾ңңĸ׵ǶӦֻһʱɫϲƭӣ˾ǵߴȱŮˣֻھݵ
Ȼңңĸûʲô飬ǶԼأˮΪѾʵңңĸͬãңңĸ֮ǰŮңңʵݣˮʮа˾ҲġһңңȥѰңңףԼ³֪
ˣ˲ŴĻǵˮңңֻҪˣλ˾һӶھݵ¶ˮԵԼҲ͸ˡ
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Ѷɲ꣬Ҳһ׮ʲôȷ׮ңңĸ֮޹ءӦʲôɱˣҪô￪Ҳá
жϣ˲ŸǾһ·ĺܺã浽˹ϾͽӦ黹ǲ
ֺŵĴ˾ڹﶼլӣЩ˾϶סӦ˹󣬺ҵһݵλ൱ˣҲӦ꣬⼸һֱЪڸϣ֪ڹ˼١
˵ͨȥӦ߽һӦţֹϣ
ǲϵķ֧Լݲμ˵Ĺϵ׽ࡣӦ΢Цصһ·Ͷ٣ˡ
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Ӧ°ͣݺˮ裬ҶЩӡǰȥ㸮ʱǣ˾ǲɳȥģΪɱˣ
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˵ôɱ˺ءԭȷϹ£ֽŲɾͬ϶Ӹ͵˶ͼƼˮ裬ˮ淢󣬱һٸϳȥѲҵˡ
ӦŶ˵ЮԹˣˮԵ뿪أ
΢ݣ̾˿ˮ豾׾λ˵Ůǰ꣬λȥ
˵Զ٣͵͵۲һӦɫԾȣȴûб֮ɫжʱһңңĸ֮ȫ֪Ҳʲôꡣ
˼жţְҶСڿǷٻӦ˵һ飬ӦжҶСϣжͼŮ¼ޡĻһϲô
ңңҶСߣΪҶС壬ңңֻҪ֮ĸ鲻ǸŮҲãңңͿԶҶСʩ൱Ӱ졣
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Ӧ˲˾Ǽ٣ʲôԵɣһҪʵңңҶСĹϵȷҶСһҪط̣ʱңңô죬ǣŮеģǺĴҵȣһĲֵ
ӦĿڤƬ̣Ѹ˾ҶС쾿ûɱˣͭׯ׮Ļ׾˭ģĵΰҶСһС
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˹صûУ٣ȻҪ
Ӧ΢΢һЦǾڸס°ɡ㲻ضʣҪʱһᰲ棬ʱô˵һġˣ
һӦ֣Ӧŷס£ϣ
˵ڻһͷˮӦĴΪιôһС£νɱʲô
ȻʱӦӦϸʣ⻹ǻط޷Բ˵Ѧˮڹ֪֪֪ңңĸӦĹϵ᲻Ӧҷסΰġ
ֲܷӦ˼ֻǿ򶨵лӦǼ¡ۼԶȥӦ˻ƣȻǰӦ˼ˣ˻תʱɱ
ǹ΢΢¶һ˿ȣûΪҪɱˣȻԸɱˣһɱһȮ
ˮڴǰŴһڰЪЩӣɫѾ࣬չרŲѾźǲδι۰ľ˸ۡҲ߶ЩԺŶû
Ժһչ˽ˮڴڿæӭȥչ֮ڿɴô
չЦЦǣ㼱ģİɣҸո˵ǡ֮Ǳ֮ڡ
ˮ軶ϲص֮󣬶л
չл֮£Ҳġ
ˮȻͷţ
չЦݸˣĵ˵รͳ֮ɣ


34 ÷
С磬ҸСĢ
ӨӨ߹ޣմմϲؿҫ֡รĢҲֲɵء
С·һ԰һ亹ĵҰĢ͵͵С͵õȥˡ֣̹ĢôƫɫĲأ㵱ǲɻأ
ҶСҹڸڻϪ֮ǰʩŹƳַǴõʱ򣬽ӹӣĵصðһԡ
ţ
ӨӨϲ̵صͷҶСкС·Сޱһ£ЩʱյĽӴУѾ֪λӨӨ㣬ΪӨӨĸԶţӨӨȻҲҪһЩ
λӨӨƽʱͲֱ˴ˣҲһȺΧˣҶСְңңԼԣһԵÿģëǴ߽һžͳű᣺ѽѽզôأɲ԰ðڳԶʳǲ
ë˵ţ߹־Ҫ̼⣬ҶСһϣȥÿȥ
ëǼȥȡ˫ӻһƨҶСߣڹﲦƨأƨأذɣ
Ʒۼ⣬һۿձȥļƨɣЮëǴϲһӼ𣬶Ǹ㡣ҶСôô칱ԣ
ëһӲӣѼƨȥԺУ츮ýܱ
ҶСһ죿첻ǻϪ֮𣿰ѽҾûǹԸҪӨӨ㿴
ӨӨЩһֱſΪأʱζЦѣϴʲô첻Ǳôȥ£ֲȥӦҿСȥˡ
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ҶСѾɷŹ֮˵ûϵȥˣ߲ġ
ë°ȥĺϷæ԰Сɣ¶͵ȥϢУôҪĴ°ɰ첻ãһ˴ǰ̣ѰҲⲻ𰡡мƨû
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ƷӦëǣתҶСǡȥϪ֮ᣬǧСġ
ҶС컹û˵ӨӨȻʮصģҿأ˭۸С磬ȵӨӨ𲻴Ӧ
԰緹ҶСͻطˣĥǹҲ⣬˵ԹԸϣôҲӲǣĴСҲ˽黹ô
㣬һֺܰĶ鳡档ӨӨҲӪһգСޱȥû¯ҶһֻС̳Ӵ档
ʱķ㣬¯вһ㣬õҲܸӡҪȵȼ̿̿¯УϱһңϴЩۣ̿ȱϨ
ҪϷϴƬͷƬϣ̿決ķҷӳУ̫̿˲У̫̿СҲУҪʱʱ¯¶ȣʱ̿ȡ
ĴСù㣬ǶֵһС·Сֻƹĳ򲢲ͨ̿ŽӣǲҾʡˡ豾Ӧһʮһȫ˽ȥ
Ƭ֮󣬹Ũ̹Ǻˣҡͷβ״ҶС춪Ŵ򿪴ӣӨӨӵݺС
ǶˣҶСͿʼѧӣ󣬸ҹӣƨҲûһǰ˸òˡҶСȻôãԱ߻һ硢С˶ءԣŸţҶСʹǰתӨӨǰϡ
ӨӨע⵽Ŀ⣬һ죬Щߵغ˺أ뵽ԼظͲΰôһǸСôֱͦ˶ͷߴĵ˼ҡ˼ұȽݣеС
ϱͼҹŮӣô͵һȹˣܺ̽⡣ҶСпţοûаƯأ˵ˣʮ꣬ʮߣ᳤ð
ţ
ӨӨҧ´ЦֻҪ㲻ͺá
ҶС֣һˮ״أϧɫ㹻㣬һչţãһóȻֻ֣ռЩͷˡ
ҶСӨӨĶ䣬Ц㲻õģ㲻֪ģж࿡Σ˵Һϲ֡÷ĸо١ٺ١
÷ҺֲǴСʶӨӨҶС仰̫⣬ҶСĶ䣬ģ㿪ֲãʱҲϸˡ
ȵɫĴС𣬻תԼסʱͻȻ뵽⣺ˣСޱ˵÷ʲô˼
СޱһλС뵽ʲôˣôͻȻ⣬ſڴ÷Ȼ˵СһһŮ¡
ӨӨҡҡͷûɰô˵Ͳͨ
СޱصôͲͨƴŪ÷ͬӳСӲ¡ʫﶼдŵ
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С·۶ɶͣǴС浽
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ĴСͻȻ׹ɵࣺС浽ˣҾ֪ڵϷҡ˵ֵĻȻЩڴء

ڶǸؿ뼯ñӣĴ˴ιԵĿ˵ľս֮죬ڶڴ˴ιıһϯ֮λ˾˵ľս֮ڹ֮һĿĵȻǻϪ֮ս
Ҳ˵һսǣ˺ļҺ¹ȹңһλأ֪׵ӵŴȥҴأ˵羰ҲֵһģȨɢ
ʶ˻Ϫǰȴһ־
һ磬õŻûǰվ˳Ķ飬ʮ꺮Ŀ٣һؿŸõĴţ̤棬Ծţ̥ѽ
첮ֱüʱʩʩȻǰվλСˣ˿Ķ飬첮ƲƲǣЦЩΪлͷأߣʮ类ȨǹϷһˣ
Ҳͦ磬˸һᳵͣڸһ࣬ڳѦĸذȣѦĸĿתڴڶ棬ʶҶСģ
չҲˣһװųĶ黺ϣҵҶСӰҹͨŶ˸ãһӵݳȥǸ¼СӦУֻҪҶС֣һϰʾ
ʱҶСѾŶ졢ëǡңңһԳһܣԼӨӨС·СޱλŮֱϪȥҲ


35 ǰ粨
չһװӱǰһֱߵ棬ûпҶСӰʱôŴ򿪣òߺУ뿪ʼˡ
չЦ磬ȵĺܣʱ˻û
ѦĸΪɷĲܵǿҵĴ̼˵һʼΪɷԣ˰ҶС֣˿ȴǳɥʧǣƫִһֲ̬ĵز
ԵؿҶС˵Ļƺֻжȥ˵һܵͷĳޡųŬŴ˫ۣڽ븮õȺϸţѰԶҲǵףŤЩˡ
ܿɶֺܿѾһʧķӡ
˾ļѲ컻˱װȺػصѲ߮ţãۼ뿼ѽ븮ִӸǸӻûָϣиѲ߹ͷضصʦǲۻ軨ϲˣôô˻ûҵˣ
ػû˵ѦĸȻعͷŵصү𼱣أûأҪˣһϵó
΢΢һЦЩɢǸѲУ˵ˣҪһأҲҲ˵Ǯȥ
ѲǮ̬ȱ㻺࣬ϣҵͷ䣬ɱѱȴӿۡ
عֵͣ
лһ͵ȵòͷˣĴ߶һ£һǲô˵æȥ
Դӷˮߣлͷֺּޣ룬Ѧˮߣ϶ҶСȥˣ϶ԼǰĻɹȻûԹŮȷʵ˽顣
ѦĸģҶСˮȥˮδޣ棬Ů¼ȢΪޣҲ
ƷһˣųĶ飬ĵĥţòֵƷɰҶСĹͭʸߵĿƾС鿴СҶС족֣˫ʱһ
´ҶСۣϸһӦƾ֤˵Ǽǣ˿֤ϴӡƷɵлߣʱСһһֱվԱߵĿһתС˸ɫ
ǹ˳СһæͷƷ׷ȥ
Ʒŵ첮ģ첮ߵǰԼĿƾĿһҶС족ֺȻĿȻĽǶǵõģֱʻ࣬ôܿ
첮΢΢ЩȣҲҶС죿ҶС˴ɣӦòģôҪĿԣнŵģαҪ˴͡
˼䣬λ˾Ѳ߹Сһ˵ֵܣ˾ˣһ£ûһҶСˣ˵ǼǱ
СһĵôҶС죬ҶС쾿ʲô·ţʶؾ˶򿰿ߵſڵĻƷɵıӰһָǸǣ
ʲô
ѲһͷǡƷȥѲץסһƷ׷ȥ
лո뻪ƷɲһѲ󺰣׷ȥһ׷һҧгݵ룺ԭСӸҴ˶ñӣ
Ʒɳ˴磬ϻȥ߻üϻϪ֮ᣬ˵ҶСѾ˶׼ĹƳ棬ǶҶСİΣƷվ̫ġ
лһеҶС죡
Ʒһ˺ҶС족ʶһתлȻݺһȭƷһȴȵһûֻٿȻһ䣬ͦư塢бţлһȭĶͷˡ
л䲻书һȭ޶Ҳֺֿݣ˻Ʒɶͷһ縷˿Ʒһǡšһȭٿһµ˻һǡϹһȭл°ϡ
лƺһһȴŸѾƷɹס˽ʵʵˤ棬ס顱һ£ʱĳһѪӣûʹιȥ
ƷѧȭǡԳͨۡȭϰӷνȭӣոߡǳʺϽսҪ˵лǸܸȭ֣ȻƷɶһȭҲѶԷѸ͵ط
Ʒһл磬ѥ⡰һһɾлʺϣȵҪʲô
ʱǸѲҲ׷˳еץס
߮߰ѲһΧƷĿγɺΧ˫һڣҪһЩѲ죬ЩѲѾʮشȡߣơ
˾Ѳ참Ҿܲߣɱۣ
ƷһĵˣĪںصİӷˣһˣƷɸӲԴˣɱΧ֮ززȴǴӴ׷еѲȻȵҶС죬Ҿܲɣ
ƷһҶС족֣Ӳֹס˶˵ʲô
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ڳüѦĸǸҶС죿
Ѧĸɴ۾һ£ԣҶС죡
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չӶβףûߵͷлһҶС족չһϲæ첽ûϵǰ㿴첮ģͱѲΧƷɵ龰Ŀ⡣
ƷȭͷصҲҶС죡
ҶС죡
Ѧĸ˹ðģ˵Ǹͷ¶βļһﵽȥˣ
ƷһѦĸü𱨵ķӣҴԲס㣬Ҫأ
ѦĸؼеҶ𱨣ˣ
Ʒɡޡһٸ˵ֻص
ǸӴ׷Ѳ㲻ҶС죿ԵҶСǰ
Ʒɱտڲ첮һת΢Цǰ˵λСֵܣǿٸ棬˾참Ҳǰ취ѵǴͲμӹˣֻߴӴ˼ģǷҪٸ˲֪βԲأǷףйټҹϣ
Ʒɲʶ첮ģ̬Ⱥ˵Ҳеɰ˵ò֮˽ᣬ˴չԣߣģ˰վҪи˶ϲСͭʸѾ˴Ӯָ浽˾ѵܷˣǴ˰Ĺؼ֤ˣʱٸԣɾͲ֤ˡ
뵽ƷǿҴǰģҴڻϪ
첮ɻصվҪԣȥϪɢģ
չֺֺⷬЦҵ۰Ͱ͵ûȥϪ˭ϲӨӨѾͷû뵽һվҪԣ컹ȥϪ֣Ŀ󡣡
չ뵽Ʒɵһ仰ľˡ
ƷҴһйļһԼڻϪʱڽգ


36 
ɽɫ֦࣬ҶïƬȪһİɫ˿ڱ֮䣬ʫ续
ɽµˮһʮʯ˳ˮķˮУһټĺˮʹʯм䴩ȥǿԽ·
ˮлмС͡ˮʱᱻû͡һЩϲˮֲһƬ
ӱпյأΧڷïĿɵĴ֦ѹ档
յվ˴ѶˮȨ˼ҵ꣬ǺԾһյغͨǸԤģǼˮйͨ߶ǻ
Ŀֱ̤ˮеСֻ͡վϸߵĵطȥ͡ϡУһȺȺˣ־ֱ׷ϸᡣ
ھ£ҶϲּģŮ֮һ֬һȢ˸硢С˸ൽĵزЩȻӨӨòȨ֮£ѡ˰ȫһ
Ȧˣ¹ȹҲȴҲ췬ǵ̶ȽԶɽȺӵҪ࣬ĽӴֱȽ٣ǰһ䡣
ˣŸļôǿ֮׷ӨӨȻֳһĺӣҪ͹ļһȻ²
ЩмĵĺٸϵϪʶѴѯʣϧһ֪Ǹ˭ǵĺġ
Ϫˮ֮еһϣмƬʯȺվﲻõĴڵߣվˡ
Ȼطԣ˴ϲ˵ĵطվţһЩЩİȻǼһһЩ˵Ҳֵڡ
ЩվʯȺǺļҵȺӣү˵ıŮҪΪıŮϻοһҪԸ֣ļ㳲жˡʱϵһʯ䡱һļҵĳж͵ȫû
һƬȽϴʯȺϣӨӨİʮֵټϼʮѾ꣬ӨӨֶǣվǶָֻ˸߲ң治Ǿһʲô̬
ɾ룬һƬСʯȺӨӨͶʮֵվǶЩԾͳȵĶ࣬ʮ˱Ͱˡ
ϻһƬСЩʯȺȴСүӺֵܾվļƺЩٻֵȻ׷룬ȴʵúܣһϡ˵ģ
ϴӨӨүүӨӨүүļҾôһŮ޶ͷӶøԼƵģʱȻˣһ档
ĶʮӸϵϪʱһʢҲһû뵽ᾪôˣԼʤʮ㣬תһ룬ǸСô˰ܵúܲңҲûڹˣб㻶ϲ
ҶСһ˸ϵϪʱ򣬻Ϫɽ˺ëǾ̾ѽѽզôأǸϴ󼯰զأ
۾Ŭ¿˿ֻ̲ܿվ˲ˣɽϺˮС͡еˣģģֻһƬ̣첻ƲƲǣټ֡
վסŲ¹ʱҶС˻ڼǰߣһȥԭó·ĿǾͰǽСˣһ̧ͷȻҶС˵Ӱɴ󼱣Ͻǰ˵һãһá
ȥȥȥʲô˭ˡӴϹ۵ģЬȵˡǱȵЬӵ˴ʱ˼˵䲻ˣμЬƬֻ̹Ьͱһ˫˫ŲȥȥӰ
˰켷ȥżãμӾġ
仰ʱΧ˵һƬЦ˳Ц˰ɣϼһĻ֬ȹ֣֬͵ðͷʣëȫ궼޶⡣
Ա˵죡СļҵڣһĻ趼ϲ
㬵صĺãòóڳ߰
ֵѸƨļҵж㲻֪֬ʱļȺط˰˼˵ģҪҲǶð᣿
ҶС챧ңңǰдӺ͸޶߹һһͷԳ̫ڳô˶ûľԳɵ˾̾ڶĿⶼǾԳȥûעҶСˡ
ë̾˱ȸϼĶ࣬˿̫ˡ
ҶСЦһûôע⣬˭ӨӨ˿ڶأһʮʮ٣Ȼ˽֪ˡ
ӱ߿յһʯžһ΢Ц޺ʯ޺Աߣ˫ֱ۰ȻҶС죬ӭӸµĸҶС죬ߵôӣȻ
˵꣬ͷһͳһ̧ͷͼԳӸµظ˫΢΢ţ˻¶һ
һ̧ͷԳĭӽһֲóһͷֻϵùĨ˰ҶСѾܾˣǶְɣ
ҶС췽ų̧ͷѾָһ콻ֻƳ浯˸ϣۼǳȥʱֻǹƳЧˣҶСЦתӨӨ˵ʲô
ӨӨ˹һۣתҶСʱһЦ̣˵Ҫ㶯ء
ҶСҪЩ˵Ķ䶷һʤ£費Ҫʲô˳֤ҪҪǩ״ЩҪ˵
ӨӨС˼ϸ塣
ӨӨ̧ͷһ壬װͰ͵صιС˵ˣĶ䶷С绹˵һʤ£費Ҫ˳֤
һһС硱ɵֺּޣǿţݵشŴԱͷˣӨӨ˵꣬ʹеʲôĶ䶷һģȫã϶֣˭˴ӴҲӨӨ
ҶСӨӨķ룬˹˹ĵعִֵԲӣΪ˱˲ˣֻΪʲô׵ӶףǻǾ֮ǰ˵ĺá
ҶС촿ʱ䣬µ˵˰죬һһм仹ҪӨӨϵķ룬ΧȺͷˣۼ˲ȴ̣𣬳ӨӨķҲòжϡ
ҶСһԼŭҲЩҲ֪ҰûУһо군󼪣
ҶСӲͷƤãʹ򣡲ǲǻطпʯͷ̫ˡ
ӨӨԹһ˵ؿҶСһۣȻתߵǿһ˶ߵ޺״ʯǰһͻȻһѣżȥ˫һǾʯһ˫Ҳֻܱס֮
˫ۼ𣬽˫һͼǵ粨˰㷭ӿ²ǧصһʯʱһɽХĽкá
˽к˷ӨӨǰŪ١һȣǿʯͱٹͷǿʯ߳һһĽӡ
ҶСŵס˺аźʱ򣬾ʱүӣϽɣʯͷѹҾͲñˡ
үҲҶС޳Щˣûžʯڶྪ̾Ŀע£һһߵӱߣͻȻǰһǿʯɳһɶԶһҽˮ
ˮڹļϣԳ׳˶ɽ΢΢Щ߻ȻؿҶСһָۣȵɣ֣
֣֣ΧǱ̼Ѫˣ׷۸ߺš
ҶС찵пࣺôƶδЧأϼһȥĶˣ˵йڼȻϲŭ״̬£ܴʹƶѸٷұóˣ


37 Ҫǳ
ã־Ͷ֣
ҶСͦΧȺڵͣˡС·С˶һۣһ˫ȭ߬¶֣ǵüʱ־˲УܲҶС챻˴
ҶСλھʽʼ֮ǰһм仰Ҫ˵һ䣬µʱһƬЩΧȺڶǺ٣оåЩò˰ӡ
ҶС⼸仰ұҪ˵Ҫ˵ǣҴӦľֻΪӨӨ֤ϲӨӨȢΪޣҲܶôǿĵˣǲĶ֣
ÿ˶Ϊ˵ƯĸƯҶСʾǼ֮ҶСױȵӡ֤ⷬ۶ôǿŮˣûȡʤ
ڽջϪ֮ϵⷬΪΪǭǵŮʾʱı˵黰ϲ㣬ȢΪޣҲܶôǿĵˣǲĶ֣
ȻʱҶСӭֻڨЦСҲ⣬˱ȭһҾλ׸ϡ
ںôǱΪ׸ϡĻֲָǽͷգСӶǵĳƺϣ
ҶС֪Щ˵ʵݣǹŷֵͨأʤǰܣˣҶӨӨøˣҽսֻΪ֤ҵҶӨӨİҲӨӨһսƷֻҪ뿪ҡ
ҶС쿴ӨӨصҾԶ뿪㣡
С磡
ӨӨô黰ʵϡڶүү塢硢ܵܡֶӵر£ôѹû˵һΣҶСһжỨ
Ӷɽϣүִ棬ܻ˭˵ǻʣǺģô۹СӾ˭ҵĺأǵǹȥһţ
ӨӨ˽ҶСĻԱж˿ںھ뱧ˣΪϲ
ҶС챧ӨӨĿԽɫ˫ֱĹľ壬ʤܣҶ˳˰̣ѵ׳ȫҺӨӨһǶ飬Ϊˣ
ҶС˵˰죬ǵһС˶Ϳ˽ĻζҪըˣʱҶСǶ˵ݺݻعңʵ˵ʲô
ԱһΧ۵ٴ˵׹ӨӨ
ʲô
׹㡭㾹Ȼ
ٰ˷룬ЦضҶС٣Сӣأǲ׹
Ȼ
ҶСӨӨ磬뿪ԼĻһʨʾԼذ۹Ȼ˿ֿ˿ΧĽĿͣǲǻû׹֪ôװ
Գһӡ˳ܹƨһҶСȻһţõľԳܻظҫȥˡ
ҶСҪǲ֪ҿԽ̽İŮˣҪôססĴ˱סͷȻȵء
ӨӨԣ;ҶСĴᰴסĺ˫ϲĻŵӶ۾ԽԽȻ۵Ļͱȡˡ
ӨӨ̡һʶر۾˫ֻסҶСĲӣȡǣɬػӦһ˫۾ʱɵñţ
һǣֱӨӨǵýϸϸҶСϲŽҶС챧ӨӨӣƵضԹ㲻ô˼ҹﶼ֪ɣпʱˡ
ҶС峪籱§ɡ˯ѣɳǡ
֪ڳʲôʱ˿ȴҲˣ߬˫ȭ̡ش˼ؿڣҪɱ㣡ҶС׷ȥ
ҶСһǣӨӨ֣תܣӨӨ˿ԺģҶС˵ҪȥģһľжԶȻǹԹԸ
Գȭأ֮以ʾһʾͦţñȹһ̡ش˼أ׷ȥ
С·СޱһҲϽ׷ȥëǱңңֱΧ۵ĿͶе·ҶСΨһܹߵĵ·ֻʯˮϵ·ǣӨӨ֣һʯϡ

ʯڱˮϷ·ټʯϣټַ
ӨӨҶСܣں׷Գ׷ڹ棬ӨӨһһ߸ֱЦĳȻ̼ɸ棬һӶһ̣۵һ̡
ҶСӨӨܹСϪӵ԰粽׷˹ȥվڶ԰ˮƬʯȺϵĽٺӨӨЩõֶܴӣΧ

ӨӨһԼ˾ȻɾȵһӦЩõܺԷƹǣס˸
Ҫʲô
һʶļӵܰһҪɱˡĹ
˫۳죬״ΣҪɱӨӨ
ҶСȻ˵ʲôǿŭָԼҲ˵ʲôҶС챾ļŭʱȻҪûϽ͡ҶСЦصô
ҶСһӨӨ°ͣӨӨĵСһ˫۾ĵҶС죬ҶСһӣһ£ļǰʮӵʱһ
ҶСӨӨڶ԰Ȼ˫ӵǶϾĻԶ˿ԶղǸ𱬣ǿ̫ˣϵĳС
ҪɱҪɱ
ִˣ쿪Գۣһֵǰļļֵܣ󲽾ҶСȥļֵ򿴵ļıһǶסȻӦ
ҶСһӨӨܣӨӨʱѾСβͣĻһԼֻܳɾ룬˵ڶʯȺӨӨ׵Ķʮ常һؿǡ
۰ıİˣȻΪϲһİ˱˶ߵĸо쳣ӰһҶС죬ĿⲻӣҪ֪һ䲻Ŀеı
߲ʯˮС·ϲʩչʱȴ׷ÿ죬Ȼ׷ߣһִȭͷһ˲ŮϽеס֣
˿һͷŭɣŶ㲻ҪңҪɱһҪɱָһҶС죬ȵ㲻ҪܣǸ˾͸һս
ҶСڶ£ȻŭӺˣϸ۲죬ȴƷźˣĵǿɶԹƶӦѾ˰ɡ
ҶС첻ˣӨӨʵ˵ʲô
ӨӨ˵Ҫɱأңƾʲô۲Ŷ
ҶСĵҪҾôŮţ
ҶСҰˣ㻹ô
ӨӨص
жమ
ǳ
ҶС˲ӨӨ⣬ż⣬ϡ࣡һǣЩ
ࣣ
ǰһڣ赹ӨӨʾϵһȺͷӵĴڣͷǵĵʱһءҶСһָڣݵصɣҴŮ⣬Ҿһս
һͳȥҶС͵һȭ㵹䡱һڵϣ·Ƥ˼¡ոһصļҵͷǣӵʱֵһء


38 
ǰ֪ҶСȥ˻ϪϢ֮ѲѺŻƷɸϸϪ˸ѦĸҲѲһͬȥ
첮ĺҶСǣȥۼҶС챻вĳ棬ȴδͬУѾӦٲ£ǰȫϵң
չȴһɱϪȥˣҶСΪʲôҪΪӨӨôʶôô̵ʱమѵҾô۶һۣȴΪȥչίǷŭһҪŪס
Ƿ׷̸ϪʱܼѸٸϻѷڸǰһĻӦӦ˵ҶСڻϪǽǣɴ⡣
Ӧ°ͣһСС䣬Ϊͳʮߣ̵õչҺļҴСչڰңļμһ壬ټҵңңĴѺǣϵǲ˼飬Ҳ벻Ľˣֻ˵ˣʢ֮¡ܼ
Ӧ̧Ƥȥ˹
һӦϸϵμӦһˣ˰ٰ㲻ԸֲҷӦ˼ֻҪӦ֪Լңңĸ׵ллˣĻܼƽʲôֻΨΨŵŵϴԼֱϪ
ϪϣҶСһȭʱˡ˭֪ĺ£һȭţ¾ͷڹڳ˶ۼģǿ׳һˣСһȭĪСһɲ书
С·СޱٶҶСʱв˼ĽĸŮԼǸӢֻۣЩ书ס۽ҲߵĹҲֻӨӨἡˡ
Ҳסˣڵϰ춼ûӦɵֹƶ֮ڣй߲ʲôӦйȫоⷦȥöŻᾪȵطԼѼ˥
ʱ֪ԼˣΪҶСԻǸ֣̾ܵеһҲҶСĶ֣ʲôҶСڵϣտһƣһʱҡ
ѽСӣôŮ۹⣡
үվڵʯȺϣɴ۾һȭ򵹹ҶС죬Ժ˺ӣ£˫ֳ±ߺӨӨӨӨͷ˵˵
ӨӨϤߺ̧ͷһͷѽүү
ӨӨҶС֣Сһ£ȥүү
ãҶС쿴ӨӨȸԾɽ£ĵҾ˵أһôûϲ֣ԭ͵˰
ιСӣӨӨһõֶܴӰҶСΧˣһɫƵشҶС켸ۣ㻹Ǹ֣һȭܻ
һֵôûܲסȺǣֵһӵϵĻǵĶ𣿡
ҶСֻз¿ԶʱŻþͷţأƽʱͻĺܣЦλ磬СûеǵĵطɣĪǸǵѣҸ֮ǰ˵ˣ˭Ұ֣
ӨӨһֵҪ˵ǵѣҲǿɲͷֻҪ㣬ǼӨӨϲ㣬컯ɲ۸ҪȻ
ҶСȻˣӨӨֵܡҶС컹û˵꣬;һһסˣӨӨһֵܵҳ˵ǰͷҪһί٣ٺ١
ӨӨܵүүǰЩߵŤͷ¿һۣǡÿֵΧҶС죬õҶС󱳵λֽǶվúãӨӨû
ӨӨ˽Щֵܵĵԣǰϲ˵ʱӽʵ˵Щеûװȣʹ۶ᣬͲֵǰ˺ߣȻҶСĿеĵλɴͬӨӨºʮŸ磬Ǹʲôأ
ҶСλһСϺϻһЦģҶСļ򣬿ŵشЦСӣб£Һ㣬
ͬʱҶСϵĵҲವһ²ˡλʮŸЦţת֣Сãû¶ҸλСֵġ
ү˳ظϵӨӨߣüЦصŮǱţ׳ǺȻһȭͰ̵ˣñ£ñ£ҼӨӨ۹⣬Сӽʲô˭ҵİ
ӨӨүү佱ҶС죬ﻶϲĽͷ״үүҶҶС졭
үЩɻüתͷʵ壬ˮҺͷҶô
ӨӨүүףԻصûаҶĺʲô˼Ұɣ
ͷŮӨӨʱһͦ˫ֲһֻƯĴװͰ͵׵ǰͲˮңôۣǸϲϲǲǣŰҼ޽ţļ׳Ҷôá
ӨӨСһ⣬۾գѽգģûգ⣬Ͱͷۻˣүӷһţܵƨϣ᲻˵㣬߶ȥ
үתӨӨЦӨӨޣӨӨ԰۲ǲǳţҪб£ҿ⺢ͦ£һȭ̵˸
ӨӨС±£֪£үүϣ˼Ҽб£ϣ˼б£ǵöļòǰɣȫۣļҵλѵǿŮô
϶ϵϴһֵۣɲӨӨ˵϶ôˣ˵ĵҪʲôҪ֪ǼӨӨӨӨ˵Բԣ
û޵ӨӨϡΪЦصǶүүң˵§Ĳӣϡһڣֵ϶üЦүӳζصŮҲүү
ӨӨû˵ɶֵһ췴ˣϴ⻰ɲ԰ӨӨǼⲻ٣ЩүүĸʲôүүǶ˲ɣ
׷ͷӵʱһţӨӨ˶ţͷصǶҪˣǵģһˣİ˰ɣǲģ
ͷӱӨӨѵ÷ӨӨϼһǶ죬ȥҿȸǣ˭ҲҪȻԺҲˡ
ĴСּܲһ£׷ͷæͷӨӨһЦתȥҶСүүʱճõĹɥشӵ
ͻȻƽʱֻһűʱȻЩѡһͻȻ׹ȻҶС죬ŭغֽţ


39 ݵ
ŭָҶСеҶС죬ֽţ
ӨӨЩֵΧҶС죬ȥһüͷõصҲ쵱ĺӣˣôˣĻɾ͡
û˵꣬ȻûеķڷžʱֽţĲףƾʲôҪˣ
˺Цصô˶ۿţ˼ֻһȭͰˣ˵ֽţʲôֽţ
Ц㵱Ҳ֪ļжӨӨӨӨƭˣǼӨӨϲȻҪƫ̻ˣȫ޾ѵİ㣬ƾһȭң
ʱ࿴ֵ˶Ӷ԰Ϲⷬ۷׷סЩΪˣǸŹǿȴҶСڹÿһȭ
ļҵɫѿǸղŻڵвҶС죬ΪҶСӨӨ׵Ŀ϶ӨӨǺ͸ôԲȻƽʱֵܣһȹƣǵ÷
һļֵɫѿصðѿҲ㣡С죬˼˵㷽ֽţ֫ءٳֽѵһ£޻˵
ҶСֵĹֻǡþ߱ôһʧЧǹʦβķʧʱ伫̣˭֪ʲôʱͻָҶСĿϳս
ҡҡͷһεصȲѣϾȣܱŵҲΪӨӨӨӨļ˱ʾҵĳ⡣ұϾǸˣһ˶֣çΪ˹ģ
С·˼Ҷáӣء
һҶʡԼ֪ôƺйүɣ˵ְɡۿӨӨһҪˣԼҲˣŮôܽԼ˵أԶһ٣űһҶӡ
СޱؿһۣС·һ죬װûСޱϴҶӲţҪμӹԣƾҶӵĲѧһܿ˻
ôһ˵ҶСǶ°΢̧һȻһ˹ˣҪĶҪ䶷ĵԡ
⸱ģʬ㲻֣йһֽţ֫͵Ϯ֡һҪ±ȹ
ʱӨӨѾ˻һ⻰ֻСֲһ˫ƯĴ۾ˣǰɣ˰֫ʱ֣һ䣿ҽڣˣ
ǵĹֻöͷһҶС߳ȥӨӨЩֵһӵϽסܻתһһͰѵһľʯһգǾʯһļֵæ
ͳͳҹҿɲˣ
ҶСǰһָŹ֫һ֫֫ôҪ֫㻹ɽɣ
ʱһģҲ룬ʶؾͰʱϰ߰˾ʯһͨһսˣǴʱ
ңˣûͷԣװ񶼲ᡭΧȺᣬҲôͻָһƺӶϴˡ
ɫͺΣҶС죬޲ðƤ¶ȥХһʯϺݺһңƬغһ죬ǿʯˤ롣
ĿָҶС죬ȵҶС죬Ҿһսб½ң¹Ⱦ鷳˵ձҶСͳļֵӵϣ転Ĺһȭһҷɡ
ҶСһѾˣһӣԳҶС컽˫һӴεضԾɾӵȺವһҶСߣ˳ưƨһ
ҶСƨһţȵȥλֵȣ
ʱѾ嵽ҶСǰһһȭػǾԳſһ̡һȭھԳؿڣܹţһȭھԳϣǾԳȵһѸ
Գ˫ȭ̡޹һ㴷˼ԼؿڣѪһţŹһ޴˰ѹͷƮƤһ塣
ȻҶСŭĿӵҸ򣿡
ҶС˳ִԱһλӹŵĺһȣһ򿪣ص˵ɶ
Ա˴Ȥ˵Ҫ㲻֣ȴһͷʲô
ҶСҸ˵ţҶСӨӨһ£ӨӨһ˵Ŀġһģǰһڣ̡һ㵹
ҶС϶ҵҶ˰ҿû֣ԼˤġһˣȻ˵Ǹ֣
Ⱥм¹ȹЩϵĺҡͷǰ̧ˡӨӨҶСصүүˣء
ŶҶС조ˢһȣҪˣЦˣȣ͸°ɡ
ҶС˹˹֣ҪӨӨߣɽϣһ˻ͼһ˼۵ϣһ֣ԶԶȥز硣
ҶСʱϣӨӨÿһǡСŮװչӨӨֻѶսģһϲҶСһ£ȥѣ
ӨӨ첽ɽȥҶСͷʱչѾһԾɽһֱɽ϶ˣмЩطľչԾȥҶСͿˣҲ⡣
ʱһֵֿܷȺ߹ļЩֵϸԼҳһ·ǵߵҶСǰ´ۣ٣СӣҶС죿
ҶСɵϲǡ
صӨӨ
ҶСϽʩԭǲС񡣡
Ŵӵţ˹˹ĵģǸ˵ӡǺûأҪиŮҲ
ҶСǲסĵط𣿡
ӨӨû˵Ϸһסĵطˣٺ٣ǵطҵҲүү˵㡣
ҶСĵ⻹˵ƾһ˿ڣǸ϶Ǽ˵㰡ӨӨүүǴϣڵطҲһȨƵˡ
ɫһֵҵ˵ͷǶ˹˹ģɻҲ̫࣬ǱŮĺܣɲҪ۸ҪȻʶ㣬ڵɲʶ㣡
ﬡһ͵ҶСɽصõǿɽӵĵҪѩ̿һ˶ĺ챦ʯ
Ƕʮֵܷ׷׵ͷصԣӨӨϲ㣬컯ǼӨӨɵúõҪ۸ޱӣЩϼһɲӦ
ҶСĵӨӨЩֵܾ͹뺷ˣû뵽ĸҲƢһڵطǰˣ³˿ɲദҿҼסھǣȢӨӨؾǣɽ·ԶģٸҴ򽻵ˡ
ʱͻȻʣɫޱͣСӣڱѾʮˣҰ㣬ԺúñҵŮɡ
ҶСʱһĵͷʲôëոջװͰ͵ģôͻȻ
ϾԭˣΪӨӨ˿˿εεС磬Ҷ


40 ϼ
ҶСһͿһװӢˬչҶС쾪ϲص㣡
չҶСıӰʱͷһᣬޡԹģһţҶСתͷʱ澪ϲģȴֻʣԻãȻˡ
ӹһ·۶ʱͷתǧأҲ֪ҶСĳ棬ҶС춸Ȼ֣һ¶ȡɫʵĿ޵ݡ
ʱҸڰ֮ʹ˻ᡰ̡߲һϥ£Ĵȣʹϴƴȶ⣬ԭ£ҪҪԭأ
ǡôԼȫһӨӨȻŴ˫ۣҶС죬ֿչϲ̵صԭʶ
չͻȻ׹Ϊʲô˼ҵķӦԼȫһΪеһжԼһԸҶСûϲԼ˼ҲûԼйʲôŵΪʲôҪ
ԭеһжһԸһˣչңеķŭ޾ģ㲻ϲңΪʲôҪôã
ҶСŴӾԳ䣬þԳ£Լ޷˵̺ϯĳӴ龰չķѣΪʲôҵ˵ôףΪʲô㲻ϲңƾʲôѵұӨӨͲôࣿչһᣬ˫۱㷺Ʋס⡣
ӨӨڱϵһЩٶһЩЩŮ˶ȴ;߱һֱӨӨȻŮˣǸ۲۵ŮˣϾͷ
ӨӨչֿҶС죬ɺεظס
ҶСʱˣչˮϡ棬ֵչôʶӨӨתһȻˣչͲһ԰Ĺʶƽ˼ҵʲôϡ棿첮ĺԼݶۣʸչｻأ
չʱҶС˵ˮıݣǹ˵˵ҶСҲǹԭΪһӶû򽻵ˣ˼ҹָʲôΨһµֻºţ֬׻׼ȷ˵Ƕԡ֬ºŻЩӡǵֻһ׻
ӨӨǸֱڿĹ治ס£뵽ʲô˵ʲôϾʵ㣬ô¶
չæӣԼŤͷܿҶСĿ⣬űӨӨҡ˵Ϊ
ӨӨѿڵԣ㣬ǲϲ
⻰һڣӨӨԼʹ
£
ļҸһһΧڶһԲţۣϵȻŴͣ׺ݵضҶС䣬ĥǿڵ¡͡һأ˵Ĺͷ
ӨӨ˵ʲôҲˣչصӨӨһۣתߡߵ˴ʱᣬֻһתĵ̲ס
ҶСɴ۾ȻǰһĻŵصЦˣ⡭ôܣҲΰɣ
ӨӨҶСһۣصȻٸʣ˵հչ׷ȥ㡭
Χ۵Щˮ˷ոտһľһŮòƸʰС治Сȵȡ
ĦȭƵĿͻȻʡλݣһչҵ飬һļҵĸαλɶλа˴յﰡλ⹫ҡһǰңһμңǰĴͷѽκ͵ڶ
˿ҶСĿ޵ľǡӢ۰
ӨӨӨӨŮ
ϵһŮ׷չȥˣ˶ţĶӺֶһȺ׷
ЩŭҶС죬ĿɱļֵǸϽӨӨ׷ȥϵݺݵҶСһۣݺݵصСӣôĹţϷٸʣ
ϵææ׷ŮȥˣЩֵҲһѷ׷ȥӨӨֻ׷չȥܳʲô£ļҵ˶ΨһıŮǳ赽˼㡣
үӻվɽϵſŮأͼӨӨһκҶСû˵͸ˣĶҲһѷ׷ȥүֵصӨӨô˰
ִɽ£ɻصӨӨСӿΣϲɣ
϶ɣôͻˣǶඪˣ
ɽ£չһ·һ·ģԽԽģúӨӨϺչķңߵøˣɽ£ǣԼչһԾݺһޣǿſźϼ۶ȥ
ӨӨ׷ɽ£һչȥǡһǣվںӱ߶ϣһָιһ£
ǺһͣǣүӵһСԸϽ̡߲һſڵϣӨӨһȥżһ㣬Ծһչ׷ȥ
ɽϣĵصˣ磬岻ҶˣǼӨӨˣզ죿
զ죿үӵ۾ص裡СֲӣһֹɣȻҼСϲ˭˭ˣոС˭е졣
Сӻɽأϴ󣬾ô֮ˣ
ү룬ƺҲԼҵĵȥЩôͱЩɲ˵ǼӨӨҪȻļĲ
˵صôûӵ£ȥ
ϴϻ㲻ȥѵȥ˭ұ磬㲻ˣȥ
û취ֻúƤĥĥȥ
ɽС·˿׷ɽµļһȺˣؿҶСһۣС㻹ߣүǻʰô
ҶСֵؿһ۵ΪʲôҪߣû£ҸͲ֪ʲô£ҪˣǲҲ˵ء
С·׳գļҵʲôʱ˼ҽҪҲõӨӨڳа
ҶСƶصã㷢ˣӨӨļҵţֻҪӨӨû̬ǲҰôġףĿô
С·һ۵ҿôˣ
ҶСٺһЦеģеأ
С·һ죬һڵޣ֪
ҶСգҵôʶر濴˿
СޱĹĵصӨӨߣҪ黨ǲǰɣ
ҶСҲ黨ǲݣµĻݻҾˣ˵Ҹ֪ϲңұԩ
Сޱô˵˼չСϸ׷ˣ֪
ҶСֵͷ˿档
ˡҶСͻȻһ£С·ӨӨүүǺĴô
С·һǰ
ҶС˿ЦҾ˵һž˼С㣬ǺǣǰϷ̫ˡ
Сޱһ̣Ҫ˵׳գΪǸﰡߣǱҲǴҹءС·ͻȻǣǣ½ǣһߡ
Сޱֵص
С·΢Цע⵽չʱıôǿɲʼ鵨ӵӡС
С·ɽҶС죬ЦǼүǲǺĴأ롭֪ôˣ
֪ˣСޱﻹ֪ʸɽ˺˻˾һԼءѦĸҺظˡ


41 
˾참ͼһ£иҶСĲ֪ģָһ
´಻֪أƫƫָԹٸϲǵľˣˮĺٽ֮ԭӵǸӰһЩ˾Ѳ˵͸Ŀ
ҶС죿
Ϫ˭֪λӢۡˮоȻжӣû˸ǵŮˣһӲȻҽ̤˵ʵ˵Ŀģĵ䷶Ľĺء
Ͼ²ֵĹڼΪָǶûУǸ۵ľǡˣҴǹȥɡ
лл
ЩپȻô飬ȻЭٸѲܳæͷظ˺档˰쵽ҶСߣЦҶСһָ
Ѳһӵϣһ˰ҶС첱ϡ㶡һףȵҶС죬İӷˣ˾һ˰ɡ
ҶС󾪣˫ץסܵҪʲôҷʲôӣ
С·Сޱ״ε߳˭ˣҷſ
ҶС쿴һۣĵӨӨλýҿá
ʱϵû׷Ůյش˼ſȥ׷ԼݵظϻҪҶСʣһҶС챻Ѳץסһô£˭Ĺţӥצôô죡
СޱϽǰ˵үӣ˼ҹٸɲΪģǡλҶӻʲôӣץ˵ġ
д£
ϵһ˫ţۣҶСĵСӳ˽̤ʲôˣǱŮҵǸʲôţ
ЩѲһ˰εȺҲЩɧɽϽСĽ䱸ʱػѦĸɽ£˵λҶСһɱ֣˾Ѿ˿״ӣλĪҪ֣
ȥͼҡȣϵѿڽе״
ѭȥˣ΢Цףŵع˹֡ҶСһأںؽµԩңһѦĸɴͷʹǹˣǺһܽʲô
ƷɸѲǸһҶС죬Щص磬ȥñʱǡǵȲѣֻðѴȥǡ
ҶС찲ο޷Ҳ£¹ţ

һްĴЦѦĸð˾үѾ״ӣҶС죬һҿ㻹ܣ˳
ѦĸһҶС죬۷Ź⣬Ȼߵȴ쳣ĿС·ᵶҶС죬ֿЩϸˣɻصţҶкγԩ
عѦϣͰԩԴ˵˵ɣڳ˶壬ĴˣôҶʶһ޳С˵˵ţҶСһָ
ңңëǱڻҶС죬޵ش޳СˣǴ󻵵
Ѧĸصָ㣬µؿߵλˣһˣסͭʸׯȻЩõҲ̫ƽҶС쵽Ҽҡ
ѦĸһָҶС죬ҧгݵصŮòףֻŮ˼ңɷ򲻿ʧˣ̲ģͬˡ
Ѧĸһָëǣ޺޵صһٴҼңҼҺԺͼ죬˷ֽǸߣ˭϶뿪ñȥٴͼǱҼң˶¸ţҶС쾹߳ŭһɱ
һ⻰ʱһƬȻɱ˺ôЩپûɱ˵ȴҲ¶ǡ˼ҹ˼ҲףͺȻɱ丸Ůɱ丸ʵ޳ܡ
Ѧĸ֮ǰ׿ָϣɱ˾ҶС졣ⷬŮеʱѶȫ˭֪ţ֪үǰ˵ϻһ׮Ӿڵ˵ɰ׵ģԽΣ֪үҲǸͿ棬ҵ״ӡ
Ʒɴ˵ӷģǰԼĶ档ŮϿⷬˮأβ˵˵
Ѧĸʱ֧ŮŮ
лһͦλҾλ˼ҵŮŮˮҶסˮӾݷͭϼʱǡҶСͬ·СʩչֶΣƭˮӣˮ֮ʧ֣Ӵ˾أ
лΪˮѾߣΨˮǡɳٸ֤ɱ丸˲ҶС죬ҶСˮļ飬ˮ֤˭
лĸɽˮظ˾״ҰĸŮӵҼңȻ˵ˮ˹ңɲǰӣ˭֪ˮ֪ҶС쵽˹Ȼ᲻ǰȥѰԼɱ֮𶼲ˡ
л˵ʹļףֻ˱Ȼߣ͵һջȴͬĿ⣬ҵô˹Ź֣еͬ顭Ҫͬ
ëǴƨˮˣҺҴԩġ
ϵлⷬߣߵص¹ޣ
ӨӨһλ常̾Ϣ˹ĶడкӣҾ˵ǺҸ˵Ů
С·ǼҶСίģѦĸµһߣл粻ѹĳҲҡԥŲ֪ôźá
سûѲٵݸɫλˣ
ѲϵˣҴȥ
С·ɵضϵүӣǡô죿
ϵ޺޵صǴߺˣСӷӣ˾ˣ˺ãʡҵ֡
С·⡭ֻӨӨӦ
ϵŭʲôӦģСӸʲôӻɣ
ʱҶСͷϵѲ콫һȵߣ
ëǼˣԳӣ
ǾԳһȥ޴צһ߰˸Ѳײײˤ˳ȥԳץУ˫һӣһ죬һ㱻ôѣֻһڳԳµѲ쾪Ŀɿڴ
ؼ״Ͻл˶㣬ΨԴ󷢣һѽ˺ˡ޶ȥһ鱻ӳϵԡԡĥһᡣ
һѲγ߶µָҶСҶС죬㡭ҾܲɣҪǸҾ֮ܲ㽫粽ˡ
ҶСвһɽأҪ˵һɱʮ˼ɱҲû£͢ȻΪ˼ͱƷʮͱ뺷ɽ磬ܱܽɽȥֻʮң˼°
ҶС뵽ȵӣЩѲطľԳܵǰƨһʣҶСƨɣ̾ϢһԻƷɺëǵҸߣ˾ȥ
ʱȺһߺ㲻ȥҿ֤ˣɱģ


42 ͷö
֤ʵҶС첻֣˷׷׻ͷȥͬʱһ·ͼһĴݡ̬Ӻݵϸˣ¼Ҷİ»˹
Ѧĸϸˣһ΢΢¶־ɫʩˡ
ңңĸ檺󣬴СչѦĸҲ֮ȻϵˡѦĸ־ѾȻδˣͻȻΪԼ£ɾн
˿Ѧĸֿ˿ҶС죬˵λǾҵˣ׾أǲ֧游ʱ㶨Ӿݡ֤ҶСԩģѦϵɷ򲢷ҶСɱ
һصһסˣ˸ţãͬʱҲͨҸ͸Ŷ׼ٸʩѹͨ׮ʵʵҶСϡ˭֪ҹȻˣȴǸҶСæģǶıһʱҲЩ֪ˡ
˵λɱѦɷʵˣһֱҸϵĹݺͻԺ̶££ڳĸλ͹ٲ˵˵
¾һһļҶǰһҾ˵λݱ£˷˵Σʱ͵Ը֮϶İס
ˮɫͼ죬ˮﱻΣΪԱŰ͵ԲҼĸ淢ĸŭݡ϶Ǹϳ
˰һжˮ˼ƽձãϲ̰һƣƺǴԹ֮ԣʶ֪¡
ˮҼңңСѾңңС֮ʣңңСˮΪĸˮҼС㣬ƽزţıȴҲûл֡ŶңңСλ
һָңң˽ܵңңϵʱΪ˶ܲãƽضˮҲǶζ࣬ңңЩͷëǻ
¿һֵˮңңС뿪˼лɳãβȥֱ׮ɱ
¾ɻССˮԵδ뿪
˵ôȴ˵ˡ
ҶСһۣ˵ȴҼһ׮£ҶСĪϵȴǲòˡ
λ׾ھΪ٣ȴһʱͿ̰īΪ֮ʱڣҶСھǣ׾Ϊչˣ׾ܹƲã֮ʣл;գֻٻ˼ңҸҶСĺôŮңңΪˡȷΥʶңң뿪Ǽңңףˮһ뿪Աϡ
ңңɴ۾˵˵ԼҶСΪޣȴһ˵ĻУԼΨһһ⡢Ļ˵ͷţҵ˵Сˣ
˵˵Ļ˻ŵĻһױüĿɰС˵Ļû˲ˡ
֮ȻҲɻ󣬺ңңССͣĸ׾Ͱ˼ңһ˵ôС˼ҵĶǼҾΪƶ뵽ŮݣҲˡ
ҶСȻ֣ȻΪԼͷо棬϶Ƿǧ׷ɱȴͻȻԼϴɱأ
ҶСȻɻ󣬲Զ֤˵һ֤ˣ¼˷ѦĸľֻθϿ£ñǷӾݣԶԣҶСȫĬˡ
˽գҶСһۣ΢ЦҶС죬ûɣ
ҶС˼תˣҪʵģȴ£䲻֪ʾõĿģҰɱľûᡣ
뵽ҶС԰㲻٣ҽˮңң뿪ã㱻ݡ϶׷ɱˣһ·ǧ࣬Űˮңң͵ͭʣ겻ɢȻһ·׷ͭʣҡ
ҶС˵￩һ£һ⣡һѣԲѣ
ȺйȻѾعζʱһƬϵɴһ˫ţۣҶСʵţ˵СѾͷƬ˼ӣȴĸף
ҶСЦʵ鱾ӵġιιι֣˵˵
Χ۵ˮѪˣ
˼ҰŮȴȥ׷ĸ̫вˣ
ǰ̵ֻ֬Сè컢ΪȥӢ۰
̫޳ˣϲ
ǰΪͽɣ
ԽԽˣ
㰡չǰҵģӨӨμҵģңңҵģĴңգʣһˣ
úаҲ˰ɣ
˼ֱҹ˵Ĺа
ޣǵĴǣҶ磬˰ɣҹһƬţ
ģĸ˵ǹһģվ
û˵
ң
ͳͳ죡ӣҶС첻ѣԳԳһȻסˡ
ҶСûλྲྲʵġҶشж֮ǰѰŮҡ˲δԼңң͡ҸϵŷңңﾹȻ䡣Ҵңңˮݵ˵׷ɱһ·ӣͬʿࡢѣϦദվ顭
лµɣɣҾ˵ˮм飬Լ˰ɣԼ
صıӶˣ׳գ±˲ѵĻô
ȵ죡
ҶСЦ˹ãүҲ׼˵״ô磬Ȼ˵
ûһָл˵
ҶС조Ŷһ룬ңңСλ䣿ĸȣҲˮͶϣԸϵͭʺұˮף˭֪ȴ⵽ѦľܾҲû뵽ݵ˾Ȼƶظ뿪󴳽ѦңͼӺˮȴɱѦ
˵ѣ˵ѡ˵ѡ
ѦĸɫҰܣͷһúģڶȴС࣬ʵ־ˣ˺󣬻о;Լ£˱˾η֮⣬ҶСԼ֣Ѧĸִⲻţ˳֤ȴˡ
ѦĸͻȻ뵽ɷ徣ҵѷһʧȥĿ꣬ʱһֻйƤ˶ɵû
ңңô
ҶСŬһ˾ӵģȻ˵һ⣬ֻùˣһңңúøˡ
ϵ׷ǼӨӨ
ҶСЦⲻΪѦĸִ϶֣ѾɢҺˮôʱҺˮȻַɣСӲδһ̤ţ
ϵɫԻŶĻ
ңңգһ˫۾ҶСⷬ붮ëǵë壬С˵ɶ
ëǵС˵Ҫ󡣡
ңңЦտصţҳˣͼ޸СϱС˵ģ
ϵ仰ǲȻŭһѾסҶСӣĭɵغˣ㶼ˣڻʲô˵¹ޣ
ҶСָ챯̾ţ㻹ò˻ˣɴһҰɣ
ʱһֻ۷䣬Ǳ۷δ˲ٵķڿл˼ȦȦٿһ䵽ҶСıǼϣҶСʱѾù͸ˣٱ˰ɡҶСŵضվڱǼϵķӣʱһۡ
Ⱥðһͺͷ漴һϮʪܺ۵Ķؼ˳ۣһһ˾ҶСŤ״ϲ𡭡үŸոտʼҺûٵ


43 Ϻ«
ҶСܰһ¾˱Ǽϵֻӣظ࣬˶ĻҶСûص˷ӣ
ŶŶæͳһСƿ߸߾ڿУֻƺᵽʲôζ𣬷ɵƿ£˽ȥ
ҶСֵѾȥˡ
Ŷ
ջƿӣǺӣԱߵϵһֱһһֺܹŹֵȶ촧ƿսʱϵͻȻ־ϲؽеϣ
һսȥϵ˸棬ϸΣɺصǡô֪ҵĴºţ
Ȼ㣡
ϵ鱼ţҶС˳һҶС쵹˳岽׼ͷϵſ˫ۣס˶죬ȵؽеϣȻ㣡Ǻ«
ҶСվӣűŶ˷ܴ׼ĪʲôϺ«ģĪǶ߲˳˾
ϵŶĺ󱳣ĵصһЩ궼Ķȥˣ˴䣬ûϢ
Ҳĵص«ԭ㣬񲻼ãûϳɱ֡
ϵ᲻ᣬôأ˵񲻼ãȫңǡ
ϵ˵겻ѣҶСսЩƵؿϼһɵʶ
ϵؿһۣϻʶϵʱСӻתء
æǰүҵʱʶģ߽ˡ
ҶС조มһʵô˵񲻼ȫأĪǲʶ˹۾
ϵէʧɢĺѣлϲһʱҶС鷳һʣ㳤̾ҺͶһʣأ뵱꣬£ʶΪѡΪ첻Դǣʱһұ˸ºţжϡ
ϵЦ«ĿǼ֮ʹһС«˵ļ֮ӲҾ͸˸ºţк«
Ŀԣֽһ𣬻ϲҡҡϵҶСüɫصһΣ·̫ɽﲻ̫ɽˣһսţҴָһֱɱ࣬ɱҹһ·䣬۾գһ¡
Χ˶ϵţЩѲվһߣͻȻԼȺ˵ĺΣòڳЩ˾ûһǵ¶ģҶСҲû˶ƵվƫƫǾûһ˸ǰϵ߶ǴʱȻѾ֪ϵݡ
ĴļŲϺŵģ˴ļҲһĴ˴һҪ˵ԸǵȴļңΪļҲĲļʵ̫ˣרжûܲסȺǡúܲס˶డ
ϵǣûܲסȺǣúܲס˶డƣһȺסؼʱ̣ǡöϾҵԼȴˡ
ҶСȻԭˣ񲻼ãؾΪȲʱܵˡ
ϵصǣ˵ĶӽɽЩҩΪˣȴΪʶĲҩޣһֺо綾Ĳҩ˽ȥϵ걾ǷΣһ˲ŰȴⶾҲˣͷҲͺˣҲˣϣҺ«Բѽ
ҶС죺
ΧȺڣ
«㲻ھΣⶼ֮ұ֮α˵Щ
ҶСӣһλ˼Ҿñط꣬ӦҸطúúȼǣͲˣǣ
ҶС칰˹֣תߣϵͻȻСӶԲסԼŮʱһɣȵվס㡭
ţϵͻȻղųƺҶСΪүϣʲôϵү
̵Ϊʶɽö֮󣬵ȻǶϵͽϣԽԽãǲźÿƣΪͳҲ󣬽ɱؽɴ
µʱǲᱩ¶ԼʵݵģҲǹһҶУϵ֪ʵݣֻ֪һɫĹʦ
Ȼһ£ˣĴ߶Ծү
ϵ˵Լ֮ҶС£õٶҶС촵ӵ۾ˣŮľޣһʱ֪ʲô̬ȶԴҶСźá
ʱѲĵ˸ɫѲĵļҵϼһ壬ҲӲͷƤǰϵүӣ˾˾ƣҪҶСʣ
ϵһ۵ʲô󣿷λ˲Ѿ˵ǵİӿԽˣôߣǲҪȥƥ˵һ
ǹ̰ʹ˾İʹϵУȴһƥ
ӦҶС˹Ϊѣ֪׮Լ֮ȴ⡣ͼ󣬺ܶ²˹ͼıҲԳ棬ҶС˹ѣ̺λ˾ľ裬ʵҶСңңĻ¡
û֪ңңףֻҪңңҶСһ𣬽㹻İҶС죬ѾܾĻҶС쿪ѡ
˵ӦָʾȻԸȴҲΥ֣ʱһѲ컹ǲϷŹҶС죬ͦôҵ˳֤֤ҶС޹Ҫ֤ˣҸȥ
Գ֤˵ˣҶСǰͭʵĹȫѹ˾͵ҵףҶС컹ôץ˵ѲĸҵļҺң
˵Ǿݵģݲմ߶ɾȴǲҵķ֧ﱻưոݣݣҪԸһССѲ죬仰˵
Ѳεؿ˿أȻε˼㣬ҵԸӡںʱҪľ˭֪ҶСȻҰҲЧһУľɵˣǻ컹кã
һ˳ֵ׼ʮİգֻҪҶСϹãʵ˭֪ҾȻе֤˺ֶҺˣʲôƤõ
һӾûҹ˾ûѲ̾Ϣһû⣬תߣȺر㱯״ڹҪ÷Ҫ꣬ôһҶС죬ͲһչĻأѵеĿǲɣ
ѲصǮòӦ£״Ҳ뿪ˣֺαðգϼת棬ϵ˵ͷصǣ¾ʵʹˣˣǴ˰Ĺؼ֤ˣͷٲûҪ鷳
˵ģԺȥ
ѲЦúúã¸ǣˣ
˿ҶСһۣҶСǰһֵлִԣȴ£ҳ飡ңңˮĳһǻǱģ
˵صлԺ󡭡ңңһЩ˵գ˴Ҳת뿪ˡ
Ѧĸһֱʧǵվһߣһز𣬼æ׷ȥ˥׷ϼȥأ˼ҲѦĸ׷ϣֻվ·״Ҳˣⰸѵ͸治ȥôˡԩš
Ѧĸ˵ţ
ߵ·ߣѦĸվǶһǺεȾһˣͿѦĸ־ƺЩĵľһˮ֪ңң˭ңңĸױӦܰˮĸ׿еĻˮͶ
뵽ǰȥɫصѦϣ߰ɣ
Ѧĸ૵صˣԩţ
˰֪ߣҰıһ㱨ѩޡ
Ѧĸʱصˣϰң
˵꣡˶ӡ
Ѧĸæͷǣūףū澸ߣߣ
΢΢һЦʹ˸ɫϾ˸ȥסѦĸҵĳȥӦ˰ж˵һһɫȥ
ɽϣҶС컹ڳü׼ੲݵŽͣӨӨѾ׷˰
Ѧˮ衢չӨӨŮӴһѡ


44 ƭ
˶ϵҶСϵĹϵ࣬ҶС˵˵ϵŰɵطˣʵҶС쿴˼Ϸʮа˾ŻΪ˽Ů˿̵˼Բ㷭
ϵˣһ䣬ѶҲˡ
ҶСԴȻöȥȺСƣһ¸Ҳǻ£һ»к鷳˵á
ϵ뿪ûһүĥĥ˹
ԼҹŮողŸ˼׹ͣת۾͸һκˣкǿүûӣϴĻֲܲɽºĥ˺ܾãôҶС쿪ڡ
ļҵ˳һǴ˵ڴʲôʱ˵˵Сүĥ˺ð죬ô˵
ʱүͦһߵҶСǰõĻһԶ˵˳СӣһΣļҶԲסˣʵǿ󲻵ãҲҪίˣɣҪʲôӣأӣֻҪ㲻ȥ˵˵ܻҼӨӨϷ㣡
ҶС챻үⷬŪûͷתһ飬ɽ⻨Ϫ֮ʵ̫ЩҶСͷѾתˣողŰϵӦߣȴһϵҪϵöϼһûͷûԵ˵һ˵ʲôأļҶԲң˸ˣ
ҶСһļЩֵܱ˻ԼŭĿأϽ˳˶ү˼ң仰͹ˣʲôҪֻϣܸӨӨһ棬һлҪ˵
үжصǼӨӨһأҿ⺢ͦ˳۵ġӨӨѾͷˣǿŤĹ϶㻹İɣϷһЩǣ
С·Сޱһүⷬ߰ĻүӱϺͿ˰ɣ˵ҶС̤ˣôҼүǸˣ
үĹŹ̬ȣҶСҲͿأⲢץסᣬǾ¿ĵ̾˿ʲôҪ͸ˣֻǡǼЩɡ
ҶСָָЩŭĿӵļֵܣү۾һȺʶʲô˼˵ļҲļ治𣿶ҹ˭ҶһëӴĹȣ
ļһֵܻû״æ͵үүǵģСӡ
үɵʲôССӵģұ죡ҹ¶ôˣȥȥȥȫɢˣ˼ļҵЦǲǣȫҹ
үһתֶҶСЦݿص⺢ӣϷԽԽ˳ˣôŰɣȻһʱҲ벻Ҫʲô뿪ͷˣͳɣ
ҶСϽл˼ңǡˣ
ҶСתƷɺëʹɫ˾͸й׷ƵģææɽߡүıӰ볤̾õĺӰӨӨҲȴ֪һôȻӨӨһ飬ϷǴˣ˵¸㲻
С·СޱСޱĶС·㶮ûУ
С·ҡҡͷԺء
ҶСһ˼뿪˺߳ɽڣϵ˩ϵƥڣͷһû׷˿
ëǵ磬ŮԵɣûģԵɣ治զΣˮ㺰ɱģӨӨָ㺰ɱģ˵զģϽҸȥݰݰɣ
Ʒɵ˵缪ǸգءֻǸӨӨһССᣬ˵˾ͺˡĲ˵첻ǰͭ׮˵ôһ²֪˶鷳
ҶСţԸɣϲңҵڻƵģʲôôϲأҿϴӦҲܴӦҵҪʵĲߣҾҸϱզôأ
ңңһͦСظС֣ҶСǰȥߵңߵ󣬻ʱ
޶ƨƨߵظ棬Ӿͷ͵Ϯһ£ȥСƨɣܿ죬ңң͸޶浽һȫСѡˡ

𣡰ҹɫصƹţ
ۡ
һ࣬һðƵشӳ߹
ǽڷУţˣһϯˣһ̳ơ
ӨӨž̳ӣ˵ظչϣƲ˴룬չ룬һɶ
ӨӨ㣬ŵȡ
չȵ죬룬·ûĻ
һˮ裬ǰڵȴһֻѣˮ迴˿չֿ˿ӨӨֹ
չһ˫ؿڳݲصǰɣǺǣ㲻õģ졭ûȥá
˵չȦһ죬ȥ룬һţ۵ϣ
ӨӨصȺȺȣȲ㣡㶼һˣͲܸ˵˵ô¶
չô¶ˡ룬ףף
˵˵ţչͻȻȦһ죬ɤۿҪ£æ̳ӣһӣž̳ӿ
㡭
ӨӨ˶ţɴ಻ƶŵˮ裬
ˮȻһЦӨӨ㲻öģҸûʲôġ
ˮһĵصֻǲѦҶ𱨣ԲӳҸǲˡ
ӨӨʱ˿ַķӦܲ˼æеصôʶأ

ˮ˲ЩΣŻصԴҼСҺңңΪҹúÿࡣȻһ죬ˣ˵үдүհŮǺǡ
뵽Ƕּܰ£ˮģȴģǣҾʹңңˡҲ֪ʵֻǰүͷ飬үʮӵĳͣ˾ݲŷȲҵ֪ؾ˵׸磬ĳò֮ΣŸĿ˵
˵ˮ˾Ʊľһǳһ¶ǣնʱ˺ƣŸĿ˵үŮô˵ʵΪҵңң
Ǹƭӣ
չѾ̳һ٣ҧгݵصԭǡƭģƭˣҲǱƭˣҡڻسԷײҵ棬ҳܣȥ׷Ұ׷ɱ˵ˣһţȴûܵˣҪȻôʶ˺أҡֱƭˡ
չãݺݵشһӣӾҶС죬ʵӨӨصðǡƭֻûУΪá
ӨӨһ죬Ͱ͵ص˭˭˵ҺҸʶʱͱƭˣװŵҷ˺üĸա
ӨӨҶСʶľ˵һ飬Ů˶ʱ˰ΣչͻȻ͡һЦ˳ˮҧ´˰ΣͻȻҲﲻסЦ˳
ӨӨչٿˮ裬Ҳ̲סЦˡƯŮЦû֦ҲЦ˰ΣչͻȻһӣƭӣҲˣҲҪˣΪˣ
ˮ̾˿ɼҺ;ϣˡ
ӨӨһ˫ƯĴ۾ߵصԣҲҪˣб£ȥƭһϱ
𣡰ҹɫصƹţ
ۡ
һ࣬һðƵִӳ߻
ﾲĬ˺һ룺ҾǲϲӨӨΪʲôͲϲңҾĶҪˣ㻹ӳҵģ㣡
ӨӨ˵Ưȴ룺˼Һòϲһˣ֪ȻҲϲҿûϲ㣡ǵģҪ۲Ҫ


45 Ծ
ӨӨ׷չһȥˣֱѡ«ȥˣԼӻùҶСëǡƷɣңңԼ߹ԼľӴ
ȻӨӨûлҶС첢̫ģԼݻǺŵģļ൱ջģҪǣӨӨġ
ֻҪ粻֮ʩСžܺӨӨǸѾͷˡȻҶСôҲΪĺԩûн̤ϲҲǲ֪
֪һϢҶС첻ЩܳҲܳʱŵԵĹģļݺչһһϣţɣҲܹλ֯Ů
ȽӨӨĹϵʵһЩȻļЩСǻ˱ȽͷʹӨӨ֮Զ߸߷ɻ˾ǣҲûϵˡ
Ȼ¶»֮ǽӨӨᡣӦúܺýСƷܶӨӨ˵˵ӨӨֻҪŪ徭һǸոعˮ¼ңң¼÷һӨӨˡ
ΪڶһҪȥԺԣҶСϻعʱĺɫãϾȥѰһӨӨֻȻؼȥúϢԱչԡ
ڶһҶСͱ˿ջϪ֮ᣬҶСʵڲȫҡˣ˵˵ëǡңңʹӡ޶˼ֻ˱ȽϿ׵ĻƷԡ
ԱʱĹ࣬νʮ꺮ʣһٳ֪ǶԾŵĹؼһԾùȥܸıļˣȻȫԸԳ͢˵ҲѡʿĹؼһϾһΪ˾ʸˣܲ͢ӡ
Ҫ빱ԺһؾѼ졣пԱףֶУɱ͡СľǴСˡҪ֪¸٣ҪѴǮ࿼ͥ޷ܣһ־ɱͷʵ̫
Сһֲȡʸ񣬴ʾһ£Ӹû¼ȡϣĿ˵ջֵðģԡԺǰһʦδȼϡĿвӵơ
ԺһѳСĿұһϱ߳ѳЩСձдõС̨΢徭
һλಲѾڴһ࣬ϸܵġơ߽ϸ֪ǻƶϸӬС֣ǰǡ󳭵ǡӡϳǡѧ
ҶСվڿУͼǰһ˿ЩϵߣӿಡһͳһͷھҭֱãҶС״Լóһˮݹȥ
ֻһҪ죬ԺȫڹԺһССĿ֮УԿĸƷʮȫ˾Ȼ˹ư衢Σ֪ĻΪӵġ
ǿмҶСһЦִ˸ãϽҶСڰ֣Լһֻˮҹ˵ع˳ҶСл֣˵ּóһͷͶ̥Ƶġ
ҶСҡͷ̾Ϣ̨Ҳ̫̿ЩͶûϳ԰ɣ
һߴãһһЦǰûϣûϡ
һ죬ҶСȻʳһŻûõֽϱдӬͷСһīȾһڣҶС첻Ȼ
һͷһˮŵСԲͷҶС찲̬۵ص˳ȣȻڣаտ
ҶСЦ̨ˣҿɲҵֻǶԹԿñȽϵܿϾ˹ȻãǿȴҲ⣬Ծνˡ
ˣ´ҶСۣȻǫ̂ȻһõҾʮָԣˣĽĽѽ
ҶС죺
临ӵļ飬֮һĿꪳɳһŻûȥʹ˴ϹһʾȥˣҴĿּ쳣ӵĿ룬˺ƣһһԼĺŷ׼ӭġ
ҶС쿴˿ԼĺŷССһӣǰȫģһ࣬ŷֻһŲ˯µĴһԶǵſڵһмֻһ߿ֱǽǴֻͰ֮⣬һС
ҶСۼĴСϣڴ˳£ĵ찡ôʱ䣬Ѱ
ʱ򣬹ԺѲ߮ıﲻԺֽ¥бվڸߴ⣬ѲӵԱһҡƵĶÿ˷Χ˶ЩʲءһԾӳĿûһɫ԰ͷð麹ѲӵԱ֣к۹˲һһȥҽҩˡ
һЩѧȴԽ꿼Խ˷ܣǶѪڣ⣬·𼴽սҵĴ󽫾ֻϾҪƿͷϨ򡢿½սͨģ첮ġ
ֹһԶһͨ⿪ʼһᣬԺʱྲҶСչһȴʮī壬裬עȻѧĶӶ£ҪȴҲóֻҪ˵Ǿδˡ
ǼȻѾܷϣҪȫԸǣҶСʮġʱʮ壬ʱʵǺֵܳģҶСҲżʣһīһ˼

žһϨˡ
ˮԺ۾ӨӨչҵصڴϣչԺ˯ӨӨצƵģ˫ȽչӣԴԼ˫ȴڴ϶治֪ôڳ˹Źֵġ
ˮ豻ӨӨѹе飬˳ӣӨӨŪˣ۾Եɵɵһʱ춼ˣС·СޱѾͷôҡ
ôһչҲˣչ˻࿴ӨӨһȵص㣬ʲôʱ˯Ҽˡ
չֻͷʹѣŶͷһֵȥ۾⣬˵ɵѾͷҼҺòá
ңʲôʱˣ
ӨӨ¿˿һŤͷֿ˯ڴˮ裬һͻȻɵЦˣԶԶԣҡ
ˮȻӨӨĵλԴôģ
չƿס˫۵֣ˮŹֵ񣬱ԼĶͷεص㲻֣ӨӨһˡͷȱҶ
Ů˴Ҵϴ磬̺ͷİѾڰλһͨæµǰŮƹǷ
ʱ˵ļмλֵһ˰ҪӨӨȥӨӨһ϶չ㣬ˡ
չ㲻ù𣿡
ӨӨˣƺȶˣҵͷģûθڡ
չŶǡ㡭ȥĶ
ӨӨԥصȻǻؼңһغȥˡ
˵꣬͵͵һչʵأ
չϴȥԡԼ˵ģ˭֪Ǻǣˣȥɽԣɢɢġ
ӨӨͷţȥɢҲáҿɲϲӣ˵ҲûжһһغȶԻԵ档
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ӨӨͷص֪˼ҵ˿ţ
չѦˮ㣬ˮˣ
չˮٶȵӨӨת̨ףӸһת͵͵⣺С쿼ȥأҪȥɽԣû˸ˣ
չĿӨӨʮֵܵİԶȥҪתظھŵ;Ÿ߱߹ߺϪչ˫۶ʱһϻˮ裬ѦĸճڻϪΪҶС֤¶˵һ顣
ˮ˵ҶСѾɱʱϲѣ뵽ҶСֲ֤Щƶ֣ΪҪһηˣΪθˣ
չҡͷͲ֪ˡ֮ĴѾȻʲô㣿
ˮصһûģҵȥ
չãȥɡŵˮȥ
ˮչһ񣬸мصЩӶɹϣлˮһݡ
չæ𣬶һа˸һᳵչˮǳþŵӦȥˡ
ĿˮĳԶȥչȻ룺ѾͷغˣˮȥҶСһűʦɣ
ʱ޹ҶСҧűʸˣһһĥء


46 Ů
ļڹҲһլӣ˵ռֻвһĶƽʱҲûʲôסֻӨӨӨӨ˹סڰ︮ͬĺýһ
ļһôˣԭյĸ˿̣ĸүӳӵۣ㿴㿴һҼҵģⶼҹˣϻȥ˶ϻƽʱ̫ˣ
Ųӣصҹѽ˵лܽ𣿴СҾ˵һػһվңǵõΪЦŰݡ
үӴŭˣҶ죡
һҲ˵
ӴСӣԽ˵ԽˣΪжŮˣӾͲˣܣӹ
̫үүӣӨӨˣ
һĸҶ˳ܽӶִֹͣϲӭȥӨӨС߽˼ҾڶǶסһǼظʲô˰˲ɣ
үЦŮүү˰ˣѾͷ̫̫棬̫ˡˣ﾿ô£ǸҶСǲƭˣ
ӨӨһۣʲôҶСӣ˼ֵģҶС죡
ϵæӿڵǣҶС죬ҶСǲƭˣҽ˰죬ȻǲŵģûŪ֮ǰȴҲýѵ˵̤ȥ
ӨӨУС̫ˣ㰵
ӨӨ°ͣүӺϵ࿴ϵãȻĶˣô
ӨӨֲŮˣôóҾ;úãõòˣڻǷ˰ɣǸϽغɣһӶܵʲô
ӨӨƨɾߣүӺϵϽסүӵŮŸջҪȥİ
ӨӨС翼ȥѽʱôԲ߹أ
үãȻɣ˵ԵʱҪ⹱ԺģҲǸɱۣȥ߹Ĺ
ӨӨүүôôأߵȰ
ӨӨͷ¶Ц⣬صҪСһ۾Ϳң
үӵҪģھͲҪȥ˰ɡҪֵȥ
ӨӨүүˣ˼ҶˣĲϲߵĶǸţܷġ
ϵŵصŮߺҵģô
ӨӨصͻñƭ֪˵ɵ
᲻˵㣡үڶͷһƣӨӨЦŮ󷽣˼˰
ӨӨһ˫۾ʱЦеصүү˵
үӵصǵȻүүԵαԵķࡣôɰŮӣ˵˭˲ϲţԲԣ
ӨӨͷǵǣ
үӸϽԣǸţл˴⣬
ӨӨһ۵ԣǴˣҲˣǸţС绹ô˵ѽҲŲϵأˡ
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ӨӨȸԾˣɲҪƭңʲô
ϵôƭ㣬ﻹ˵ˣԸھס֥԰
ӨӨ˳صȥ
ӨӨıˣүԶŭĿӣ㿴ߵģ̫ˣСʱѾͷ԰㿴ڡ
ϵĲֹúðɣ㿴ղǸӣ͢ӷΪｫͶţʱʹûЦ⸱ģո۾ˡ
ү߳ŭ治ТĻˣߣվס
ϵߣ͸ұ£ͱæŽѵûǱŮһһСģǸᣬλңңأռ˴ݣѵļҵĹﻹܸС
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ϵһӨӨͻϲҲűˣܲô
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ֱ֥԰֥԰ӨӨһǧϣһûһµƵţһŪݵĸ˵Ż
ӨӨѮȴǸոѮֻĺãҲΪʣó֬ľޣģôˣ
ӨӨƵؼŻ֦ӨӨ㶼ˣ»Ǹᡣˮ¶ǹȥңңأȻͻСɱϾѶ˲֪ôܼļҵĴС㻹ܸСɣ
˵ңң
ӨӨЦôңңǸëѾͷأȻһһСؽţҿСֱǰŮġ
ӨӨֱ˿ԼûûεŮҡҡͷСò˼ͳ˰ʱô죿С
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ոոϸǡ仰ϵϽӿڵɶٸ檣µҲһˡЩܱȵ𣿡
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ӨӨһүүˣæǧܵߣĸ첲үү˵ƾŮôɰ˲ϲô
үӵ۵Ȼᣬ˭ң
ӨӨǾඡүү˵Ļˣ㻹ʲôõĵġ
ϵ⡭㡭
үӱӵһۣԾϽǻŮɱүүƽȥҶС˵ƷΣڻҾΣλңң﾿ûлԼǻ֪¿ɲʲãүүȻ㣬¶㣡
ӨӨүүㆪµ˵һѣҰʲôϵ
ϵ׵ôûϵأЩ¶ûŪףϲҪһˣѾͷôô޴ֱ޲ɼˣ
˵ģ˵ģӨӨָүү״үүม˵޴޲ɼҪǲҾڸ״˵㲻Т
ү˿Цãĸ״޺Ƕİ£ļȻ֪û뵽ŮȻ˸ӰˣŮǴףʲôء
үӸϽһ壬ѹҲУ
ͬһˣϵϽվԣȥҾʹȣ
ӨӨԲ۾ŵصģ
ϵԣģ
̫ˣ
ӨӨ˫ǰһһҸõģ㶯ְɣ
ϵ۷ֱŮ𣿰˵ҵŮ𣿡
ӨӨһˣʲô˵


47 ʮ
ĿԼǶûôصҶС˵޾ļ尾ٵԾʱ򣬲˿һΪ˵ĸо
ҹһֱǶ֮УԺ뿪벽һ㱻˲Ѳ߮ţζǲܡ
֪֪֮ȨұĺˡⱲӣҿҲˣϲоٵҶС찵ţȥ
ţ
ߵſʱҶС첮Ĳڶ첮ȿҶС죬ֶЦصһĵضҶС벻Ȼܸһ𽻾ӽô죬ǽ˰׾ɣ
ҶС쿴첮Ҳһ漴һȵӭȥЦѽԭŰþòˣ
첮Ȼţĳ컹ţʮ֮ˣ
ģ
ҶС켱æֵŵѧʶһǺġţԴͷ뿪أһֱ㣬һ㣬Ҿ밡ô˶ˣôͲأ
㡭
첮Ƥӷ࣬ԺſŶ죬̲סЦ첮Ȳѧ֮ĳۡ
ҶСЦǣǣνߣ֮ʿҲȻһ㰢ȨޣΪʿȴܲӣܵˮ˷ˣôвţ㲻о˭о٣ǲѧˡ
ҶСؿ첮һֵۣû޿ˣ÷㱧ŴĴȣȴ֪ʸ˭ңֱ˭ҴСĴȰ
ҶС챾ȡЦһ仰ȴҶУ첮ȻֱһȡĴҴСа޳ȡģ⣬첮ıһ˵ƤЩϣ߳ŭ޳ܣ
ҶСæֵҿû˵޳ܣ˵޳ܵĶģ
첮ĴŭȾҶСȥҶСϰװķıĿһţƵǴĶ䶷
ۼ˫Ҫ֣ڴſڵ۲ſһȵλţڹԺﶯ𣬾Ͳ´ʦȡǵĳɼ
첮ĵʱѹĵⲻѧСӸûоٵϣȻƹˤдǰ̣ǰ̡
첮ֹؿҶСһۣصݷԼҪҵϣ򣬵ʱáܣ
첮ݻԺſڴȥҶСıӰü˼ȫ޾֮ɫΪ˿ԣԺ֮Ҳֲֻᣬð䰬ʷһϹȻûв͸ǽֻǡһ׷ĴƣѺǣΪβð֮أ
תһ룬ҶСԵɣʱ첮ĵвҲͲмһˡ

ĹԺ˺ȥȻһˣӭԼ˵İɧˣпˣ
첮ĴӹԺ߳ͼԺɽ˺λļ˶Ǻ㳲ǰӭӣǵһ߳Ժˣ˶ע첮ĵĵʱõ˼㣬һЦǰȥ
үү˰ÿɻ˳ô첮ĵСһСܶӭȥ첮ĵصǿ˶ѣСеʲô˹Ҷԣ̽ȡ
С˹ɣϲϲүϲү
ʱػ߹Ц֮ţ޲֮ĳȹϲˣմ֮Ȼ̥ǣѱ±ƣΪӷϴ룡
صύ첮ģǿǰ̣첮ҲԸĺܣԾһƶԼܸСһţͬųǹݵһ״ǰܾԼ֣̬Ȼͬ
첮ֵع˹֣ȻЦˣ룡غûв̬ϵ΢仯Ц߹ס֣һԼȥ
ȺУӨӨһ¡ͷͨСŮ磬˲񡢲ۣ֬ȴһȻȺвٵӭ˵ӣ껹Щ̣͵͵иޣſﻳָ˱һָӨӨ̺ÿ
üĿʵжÿ
Сһ˲ȴĺܣϴһÿһƬЦ
ӨӨЩȻǲĵģ£һԶԹʶӶŵġʱһѾпӹԺԼӨӨ̲סˣǰȥ
С·Сޱ˵Ϊֿһ·ӨӨվǰȥȽ˽С֫ɰҵλãĥһ£ִŲұߣһ룬಼ְøЩ
С·Сޱľٶ϶¶ŹֵЦ⣬һֻб뷽跨ȡ⻹ͷһؿΪôԼĴ磬˶еȡЦǿ˿ԼҲǾĴĴ֪֮ش뷨
չһװƲСӣһֱŹԺţһͷǡÿǰӨӨչһϽ˶Ѻһ㣬ĵѾͷǻغôôˣ
ӨӨü۽ǵڴϲչͻȻ׹һûûεĳѾͷȻƭңⲻ֪Ůӣһǣ浽鳡Ļġ
չǺǺЦӨӨƫƫһ˿Уֻǡ˼ӨӨɳ֣ӨӨȻڣô˼֣
ӨӨǾιȴ쳣ƽװ뵽ӨӨĺҶСʶľչȻҶСΪΡ¿¿ԼӶˣԼ䲻չңΪӨӨǸͨСŮ
ͨһؼչͻȻֳһ󵨵뷨ҰӨӨʵݸǸϹòã̫ˡҰҶСǹߣֻжʮ곾Ե¶ӨӨӨӨһ֪Ѷ˵ģ
չȺߴת
ӨӨǾɫСȻȹȴҲ˿һ˵ζĴòɷƺһƬ½ǡһ˿͸ſҵΡ
̲ģֶԼúõİһŻͷС·СޱҸǣСǰǧ˵©죬˭Ҫй¶ҵݣˣҾͰ޸ɣ
С·Ц˵һͷѽ
ӨӨЦǺýãҵȻҲҪһǵҪϲͷأҾͰȥ¹ȣҪϲСͷأҲµġ
Сޱż޴أ
ӨӨһ°͵СˣʹɱȣĶһֻӡ
С·ڿЦôúͺӱɸͿЩأ
ӨӨصСɲһĺӣӣҲʥ
ӨӨȻ뵽ҶСˮǰðŮչǰðƦð䡰๫Լǰɴ˹ÿζܳɹذƭתĻԻ;϶ص˵ͷԣʮʥ
ʱСޱͻһˣ
ӨӨãȻ˭
Сޱʥ


48 ֮ϲ
ҶСǵڶ߳ģ첮ĳʱ࣬غڹԺѾûзɧˣֻڴԼ˳ֵһЩ
Ʒɡëǡǽ쵱ȻҪӭҶС죬ӨӨҶСһͿƷɺëľܾһλ˿ɰĹҪǾվ·ڡ
һҶСӨӨϻϲεӭȥ߳ʡԼǸȥ׷չֱ˿̲ٶӨӨվסŲףӣһĹĵģ
ӨӨ
ҶСһӨӨ־ϲջؼҺҲһϣȥӨӨסӰȫޣ϶ӨӨ׷ûΪվҪԣҲûʱȥѰңոճͿһ֮ϲ
ӨӨĹĵӣҶСȫûȥΪӨӨǸϲŭָ޷εˣװ඼װģ۾üëЦǸװģ˿ɰʲôЧ
ӨӨû뵽ңҶСѿӵݸС·ЦлӨӨЦ
ӨӨ˼Ҳû㣬˼ֻǡ·
ҶСкЦȴҲôֻ˵ǵɵúˣȻˣǾһ߰ɡ
ðɡӨӨ˵źǿĻѾԹԸҶСǰˡ
ҶСӨӨ׷վҪӦԣʵ޷ûȥѰ㣬˾ͺáô˰ɣҿûԲ¡
ӨӨߣѾװ¸ˣϸո¶Цݣôһ˵Щζصһһеôȣ㻹Ҷûʲô
ҶСЦѵ㻹ϣҺ֮еʲôӨӨҶС춯ȥ׷Ŀֻ㰡
ӨӨЦЦôôˮô㣿
ҶСһεصôĺĺأˮﰡﲻϵˮôĻǸˡ
ӨӨ˵ôεӣΪ˼ˮ費Ҫˣ׷Ұ㵱ǼõĲɣ
ҶСˣƤЦصĶأãүһˮɰƯĹԴСű߳ˮӣͻȻˮӸˡҾ¶Ҫ׷ˣ
ӨӨĻŭţȴشһȭǰǰ׷ң׷ߣ㻹װŪң컬࣬治Ƕ
ҶСЦ˭׷˭׷㿪ġҸÿ춼ֵĲͺˣôõˣɴŵร
ںߵСޱ΢ζضС·ǹݵţˡ
С·ЦСĵһţϵϡ
λЦҶС첻ֹ֪ʲôЦػͷһۡӨӨҶСúܿģ򵥵һ黰Ͱѻϲķġ
ӨӨδصֻǺҿģ𣿡
ҶССС룬۾ͽëһ
ӨӨϲЦտ𣿡
ҶССҪԶҹһѺӡ
ӨӨ𣿡
ҶСӨӨҪܳʱģ֮ǰЩ׼ҪܶΡܶβܳɹ㹻һ
ม
ӨӨ˵ͷƶǶֱƶҪܾúܾôҪܶβóѵҵҲôҼôʹûϹӣ
ҶСҪװܶӵ˵ͷ
С·仰һ죬Сޱ٣ӨӨǻأҪүȲŹ֡
ҶСӨӨüЦ˰ɣүЦһ
ӨӨ¶һСϷԼͶ̫죬ְһ壬ƾɶЦҾ͵ЦѽЦ
ҶСˣүЦһٺ٣
ӨӨһ£ɵ
չȺиţۼ˶ĥ̸ЦۿҶСӨӨԽԽԶۿŻƷɡëҶСӭȥۿӨӨȥ޶ԴȥңңƨɣһһСŮ޶ЦֳһţڣȻһᣬҲû˸ȥֻȻ˵ؿԶȥ

壬鷳Щٿһ
ˮ⳵ϣӣöͷĺ׷ˣ㿴㿴ĵĳӾǣ壬㳵ϿЩҰеǮ㡣
ʱˮ⳵ոʻһխɽȣ˵ɽʵȷͱڷ·Ƶģмֻһ϶Ȼխһͨ໹иԣǰϿֻһ죬䣬ִɽѹȸ͸ټнǳһ͸һɽϮľˬ
ǡڴʱˮ跢ĸ׵ټǰɽϺȻһᳵʮĻУǰԯϲһ죬һ֣ˮ費ɴϲæߴ
ˮɾŵŵŵǻȥˣˮһʣȴ֪ĸѾ뿪ؾȥˡˮ֪֮֪ĸײ⣬ܲĽ
ʵˮ貢ңң˭Ϊص檣ȻΪĸͷӲ޸飬ңңĸ׵ĳټܵĽĻǺصġ
ȻӦίǼǶԼõĽҲݣˮ趼ŵģˮ澣һԺסţһ˿й¶Ǳˮ
ˮҲģӦѾȥһʱ֮󣬰ͬңңĸͬʱ˵λģʱңңĸײŶ͸¶һ˵һϲˣӦǿľƸˮ迴˵Ӧû
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ΪԵʣˮ貢˴ĸ׵⣬ǡҲΪ˷ӵģ˴ĸӺͼйߡлסʱ˳˼ǮϻǮ׷ĸȥˡ
ǳʽǸʮϺˮĻ̵ҡҡͷ㼱Ҳûãɽ㿴Ҫ׷ȴ֪Ҫãߵ̫ˣһûǷ׷ˡ
㿴ɽ·͵ģô׷ǵɽ˵ɣµʱҼӿЩٶȣѦɲҴɽ·Ҳţ壬µʱŸҼ١
ˮεصǣǾ鷳ˣһµʱǧӿһЩм£һ׷У
ϣƺöɣݣ
ţˣһƯı޻⳵ţƵǰȥ
λʽɲӣʵɽ·ȷʵߣ۷ɽ·һɽĴߣɽŵɽһʮ߸ÿһһ඼ʮأ˻ʮֶ͡
ʱʽͻȻһеˣ
ˮȻ̧ͷɽȥֻһۣ㺧ֽű


49 ֮
ˮ̧ͷһɺȻɫɽ˳һ˵ľʱ˳ɽոƮǵĶ䡣
˵ĳӸոߵ֮ɽһսǴ˴ĵ·խͣӵٶȶϵǣУǰ
ʱɽͻȻ¼ʯʯ¡¡ŵ棬һһĹЮŴʯɳХ£ˮĳʽʱ򣬵һʯո䵽Ǵ۽ǵĵ·ϡ
ʯһѵ·ˣ£ԭһɳ̡ʯ̡Ծ£ƥǰ治һɵľȥģƥǰգ˻Хֹ
Ϊʯҵ̮ȥһƥվס˻һ»ȥƥһɽ£ƥҲűˤ¡
ббı·棬ڶϻɾ㷭ƥͳһͬ˼Ȧ޴Ťټײ׳ĳԯҶˣƥ룬·ĸˡ
ʱ򣬺һľʯ¡¡׷£ɵڷĳȥ䡱һ죬ǿʯԭͣƬ̣㵯¹ʯɳѾᳵ
ˮ״ĵѣҽһԾ⳵ĵɽȥ
ǿᳵľʯֵɽ·飬ʯͷʮ־޴Ϊѿ׹ٶȱøˣţ󾪽еΣգΣհ
ˮţɽȥۼʯͷ䲻ϣţĿʯͷֱۣ⳵ʱ㶼æǣӵת˳·æȥһǳӾ;ţٶˡ
ɽϣЩڵһʯ·ʱǰùĻͱҳ࣬ЩȻʱӦ䣬أܲصĶȥ
Ǽʯʱ˴СС̫̫ʯͷֻһȭͷСʯͷĸһǵҪҲġ
ʯ׷׹ɽ£ʯɳֹסʱʮѱ룬ֻʣ˻ţһҳˣһϢһ˫ȱһʯѹ棬Ѿۻȥ
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ˮҲ֪˶ãǳȻɢ˼ܣľ֮仹Щ֧ã˳һ񶥵ľţѹŵʯͷٿ룬˫ץǿľ߾ȫ̧
ǿľ屻̧ɶķԽԽڱһƿľ¶ĺȻѦϱѹòε壬Դˣһűεͷ­Ѫ൱С
ˮȪӿһһͷԵڵء
ˮ⼸첻߲ݡµ׷ˣͺľһɽּһ͸֮ɽ磬ʱ߾ȫһھܵ˳صĴ˻ܳܣʱ˹ȥ
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߳ԶǾ;סƥɽ·ȻͲƽǴ˿ȴоʯҳĴӣԵı־ܲ衣
ʿһ԰쳣ʵƽԱ߼ߴʿʤֵʿ˼ȦԼѾᵶܽ䱸ʿԸȥô£
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мǸİ׳ʿͷñһֱѹüʣһ̧ͷܿòҶСһ⣬ΪλʮʿǺش˺ٴ
ٴ΢΢۾ˮ赹ķ˿һ򢣬Ͼһʿذ˦ͬ飬ٲˮ赹ĵطȥһʿͰѻԲѵˮ豧˻
ںٴǰͣסŲԺٴ磬ɽʯˣһĳӣϸˣѾҳˣλǱȣˡ
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ǸʿЩݣ磬ʶ
ٴ΢ԥһ£Ը뿪

ˮǹݵģĵĴ̨Ρȴˮϣˮǰϵĵ̡
ͳݵڰϣҲǶ԰ϡ˾֮һֹٷϡ
һϮοʹͳˮʮ˲ʵڰϵϼϮο֪ͬΪϵĸ֣Ͻˮвܵʮ󳤹˾ʶ˾ֻڹլӣҺμҳլӣլţ
ذճưҵοʹΪլμҵο֪ͬΪСլӳɻ𣬰Ϻϵĵ˾ͲլǷԼĴӪˣȻ꣬͢ţСլϾͳ˾ڹǵһԽ
˿̴լĸɱյýģǰصשﶼһÿݣȻһ˽ţȴȻ֣岽һڡʮһڣ䱸ɭϣΪ˾άˡ


50 ս
լǰúլı׼֣һԺǹãӵĽԺ俪ʼһլԺˣοʹڹʱҾסĵط
ΪǰϹԼǰչڰҵ˰̫үסʱҲס԰Ҳڹôլһֱ
һҶԴլάҲͲҲʱʶʱլ԰ΪĺۼͺܵһһݡһһľҰȤ岼ɢ̨ͤҲ١
һٵСͤԣһˮĺԷǳ峺ˮ«έҵţˮϲʱмʴ߲һҽˮ
һſɿС޵һ˫Ĵ۾һ«έͶںˮдѽģ䲻һŵѽһֽУͷܣ«έҲӵҪˡ
Сͤһͷһɫۣ׷ɵ٣ֻһľһȣСӶ«έȾܣЦ
Сһͷ˽ĻŴֻСƵģϥϣ§סĲӣؽУүү㣬ô㣬˵ġ
߿ЦǴֲ㣬ʲô
СˣǺô
ЦصҪúԼĵɫˣǰҵĶɣɲеС
ʱ컺һ΢ЦվסǷүү
СһŤͷǰ죬ŤСƨɴ߻²䣬˫Ÿһմأſ˫˹ȥе磬ղˮôһ㣬һôϸߣ
ЦŰСʮĺܴôͿЩ󣬵㳤ˣŻץԵ
ţ
СͷԣŻĴ
΢Цתߣүүûˣӣ鲻á
ѩ׵ĳüѾͷϲҶС죿
̾ϢˣҾͿСӳ˿һЩʲôҪ˵ΣˮУηΰѵˣ
ߵص㿴ûϵȴ԰һĲֵסֻһˣضĳ㿴ֻ۹⡣
Ȼǣ̣ܽ
Сʮ˵˻ȥֵ磬ȥץ㣡
ȥɣţ۸㣬ͺݺݵ
СʮһаģӦһǸ«έ˳ߡ
ߵҶС쿼ȥˣ
һʣϱ¶̿Цݣǣͭʸѧδȡһţܵѧѵ⣬֮±Ūȡ˭ǲݰȴ浱һѧִҪμӹԣҶСٿˣ֤̻ͭй
΢΢۾΢ЦǺǣǹٳȥˣǧԽ⻹ͷһɣڳ⵹Ȥˡ
үүҿɲҪֻǲϲɽˡ
ȻʧЦĸϲɽأɫ˶ԹȻĪջ󣬿һȡͻ֣ᷢʵҲˣջֹڴˡ
üȥ£òö֮˼Ҳ͵ˣ˭֪ȴڹ˻죬ɾͲ˵ˡүүҲ֪ѾͷС۶׼Ķٸı䡣
Ǹ첮ģҿԵĸˣĲѧͷȣʵ¶ĺأһβͬĵĻҶСʮҪɽģʱ򡭡
߰üһص˶ģǸصˣԼͲعأûǸ£Ȼ͵رΪ㶨µĹأ
˵仰ʱü΢΢һһӭʱŻ쵽Ĳ֮ŵֻǸŪƽ˰ˡ
ɻصô˵ҶС졭үүּˣ
ȻʧЦϷйЩСŮ֮£»ȥİɣ룬һλ̵ߣ˾ˣ̶˹٣ԹݵĸֲʲôӰء
Ȼһʧүү˵
ߵһЦʮȥɣһҪú룡
Ƿǣ
컽ʮܣһҲ֪ŵʲôСһ˸߲ҵ߿ˣȡһͣװˮһ˦˼

첮߽鷿ʩʱ鲻رЩʵݼѾһˣ˵ϤÿӺǸˣɻš
˼̫̫ҲϬദˣ첮ĵĽŸвΪϤʧЩˡ󴫳öһ㿼Σ
첮ĸϽ׵ιԣֻʮ⣬ĳǱȽϼ򵥵ģӦôò
Ǻǣ˵ʵǺܺˣ
һ죬һӺ˳첮ͷʱһ󼤶ԴӰң⻹ǵһСôһܿСĿˡ
첮ļ́ͷĲȴЩӲӲ̧һϮȹһƮǰȹ¼ѥʱ鲻ԽһС㣡
ʵ̫ǿˣ첮ζ뿴ĿǴ˿ǰֻҪһ̧ͷܿü̧ͷˡصؾ̧ͷ
ǣ
첮ĴӦһ̧ͷɴʧȷǴ߳ˣͷϻһǳ¶µĺɴסգֻаࡢ߶˵Կ
ϸǲ㱡ɴվܰģȫסļ˵İۣںɴ֮¸һЩԼܿģģǰ￴֪Ҫٱ
ֻһһŮɫԣֻȨλ첮ģҲɵͷȻһѼƵӣһֱͦСɣ˫۾һֺرζ
ÿ˶УֻвͬϳŮ˵òͼ߸ص㣬ģһһҪĳ嶯ҿңݸ߹󣬷ƾķʣ֪ҪٴȥһԸˡ
첮ڣֻƬ̵ʧϽͷĿ뵱òԦ£ԳɱСλСֻҲˣòԦ£ѹǲĿˣʵŮ˻ҪʲôĻǻ۰ֻƾ⸱òˣӴҸղûʧľٶɣ
΢΢һЦһΪ˸ҶȡһûиڶǰųȥЩʿڣȴҲҪرչˡ
ٵʸʵǺбȴҲֱȥٵģܽΪ߹٣ҷ֣Щ⣬ú¾ǣЩ£һΪ㰲š
첮ŵ㣬۹۱ǡǹģȻӦǣ
ֵգϴ밴ʹͬţʱ㲻ȥݷһ£ܵõʶ;
첮ֵǣ
̸˼䣬첮ĲչɫóͿ͵Ļָˣ鷿첮Ŵ˿Ȼ֮䣬а˷ĴŲôһŮˣšǳ¶Գ֣ȢΪޣͬףλܰѳ֣ʱ򵩵ҹҹգҪ٣ĺء
뵽첮ϲ¶һ˿аЦݡ
սӽ첮ģֻʾʽΪԼˣȴ֪첮Ĵ˿תʲôͷ첮һߣߵǽߣڲżһǽˢһ´һݵͼ
Ƿͼʼ첮о֮δšͼϣ˾Լ͢òͬɫעţһ˫Ŀã˹ᴩϱΨһһ·ıյ㣺أ


 ﲨ


01 
ˣѾף˵
˵˽ǵڹ̳ɽΪҶС˶֮һǱǱ塣һΪҶС˶Ȼء
Ӧص֪ˣ
֮ƺֻһ΢С£ڴӦһת鰸һѮ߲ߡߣչһξǻһǲʵģҲȥֻõһλӣ
Ǹ߻صأ
ӦĿоâһᴩݵֻ·һϱһҪԣȻϱģֻҪ˺أ·ͨͨϾͶϣԣĶԶȥ
ߴϲæлࡣֻǣǸͷҵ˹סοʹɱҲʲôͼı˴˵ĺ¡
Ӧһ£ӦµУʸӦǰ˵ĲˣСݸɵ߾֮һΪǲݰ짡
ܹܵ˼ܹܿɲԭ˼ѰϵܹܣһְЭ˾ͳϽ¸Ĵܹܡ
ݵĴ˾ˣ˾Ҳǰ˵Ľ׼ϰ߶Աĵȼ֮УһĳΪ롱롱ӵйѪͳĽײ㣬˾Ŀ
롱һײǡ˼ӵи߹ѪͳûеְˣЩӵоԵɣ൱ʿũеʿǡա͡൱ũײ㡣
ڹݵĲ仹ūص㣬⼸ײ֮»Сᡱˣֱū澣ƢƢ߼ߡūЩײһһλͣ͵ļūȫ˽вƲ⴦
Ų׼˵ǡ롱һײˣ˵ϱγңڹݣ뵱˾ͨ飬нյλ
Ӧ짵ĻЩֵصǸ϶뿪ϳѵΪһεľܰôһ¶ôҲھɣǡ
ӦɫǡռĻҲֻ˾Գ棬һ߿ˡ
һõһǼڹٳϾͻһҵļӦһ֡˳֮£ӰҪ׸ıʵԸҶÿһǴ粽õģάĵӦľ
վ˼ͻȻһͷͷȻľҲ֪ҶСʵݵģҶСվʮսɽսʿѵҲΪҶС

ÿοƾһǿǿ񻶵ʱۿԵսΣһŵ׼͵ĥ֮ҪйһԾ¥ΧѧԺѧǴ󿼽󣬱Ⱥӵݾƿ񻶣¥Ц
Ҫ۾ģնŰм仹к¼ȹ̣ҲҪʮܹɼʮͨǰǿΪݵʱ򣬴ӵ쿪ʼǱ㽥ýֱʳ֪ζ޲ֱ䶨Żּ尾
ҶСȴȫûѹͲΪԼоٵĿܡ󿼺ĵ죬ſʼ̻ӵʱȴӨӨɽˮ
⼸ʤżαˣ˻ϪǵĶ֮أʵȻһζ
ҶСӨӨǣվһᾹʯϣʯ͡տĺˮӳſеƣҲصӳ˵ˡ
С·СޱϪˮϴźɽУһϮ۵ĶӰʱʱ֣׽ӡ
ҶСԴŹַܹ͡ǹ⡢ɽˣÿֻӨӨң˲ƣΪ˶ʦʱʱ͵ץЩӻȥԱҶСʱʹá
ƷһԹëǽɽҰζȥˣңң͸޶ԱС׽Բء
СŮ޶ֻҰ޶Ϸִ˲ƣҶСҲûȥǣдڣʲôΣǴӦ˵ģ˭ȥ˶Ͳˡ
ӨӨ㿴ǶŮǲɲŮòһ˫ѽҶСָӨӨӳˮеӰЦʵ
ӨӨɵذһۣʲôҺһ첻ƭ˾Ͳ㣡
ҶСЦϵ˱ͶƭŮһٻᱻһƭ˵Ůأҵһƭӣƭһһ˵ŮأҵһСƭӣƭһӡϲǴƭӻСƭӣ
ӨӨˮʵԸһƭӣƭһһô
ҶСſ˫۵Ը⣡
ӨӨһЦ˽ĻҶСסϸḧ˳ĳʲôʱƭƭؼѽ
ӨӨļ΢΢һȻΪСݹˣүүǸ׶ɣҲҶСӴ֪үү͸Ǽ޸ҶСġ
ӨӨүү͸״սڣƸ׺үүͬദ˵ȴҶСͻȻ£ӨӨĵصʲôһƭ˼ҾϹ˼Ҷûѽ
ҶС̾ϢӨӨͷˣвУҶҪ뿪ʱҴһ㣬˵ԶŶϪʱѾҲԸңȥкβã
ҶСͻȻʵûŲң
ӨӨ֧ŵ죬˲˵ңң
ҶС˵¶ҲǸ͹ˣңңǸëѾͷһõġ
ӨӨԹ㵱ΪβˣҵүүԴ˹ڻ˶ңңĻԼˣټ޸ô¶ܴܲŸ˾͸һɣҼ˿ô࣬ǳǰô̧ͷ
ҶСЦʱ£ֻϴɱ˵л粵
ӨӨ˼үүأ㲻õģүүͰңûΥֹҵ˼ǼѶӦһġ
ҶС찵̾һĵҾȢϱ޶ѣôôأˮ֦ӨӨ֦ڣҶСôûԵ
ҶСͻȻһ룺汿ţȰҵŮأʱǼҵүӡүǻܴи棿٣ֻʱżŮľˣ
⣡ѽ
ҶС춢ӨӨ֬·һ۵ˮſˮ룺ȥȥҵˣ췹ܲһȺΧ۰ɣҵȰңңƷɡë졢޶ӡС·Сޱôôˣ


02 
ӨӨؼҵʱȻĺɫԲԡͬλϪһ·黰࣬ӨӨ˵ĿģСֵ̨̤ףŵļæӭʩС㣡
ӨӨûı߽ȥӭǡмλ߹̸ЦģӲȥ¥ȥһӨӨλվסкСã
ӨӨšһҪ߹ȥȻҶС˵ĻӨӨԳֳҪòǽ㣬Ϊ۰㣬ȻôǶ۰ʼնı䣬ѾǴˣҪЩҪһ㡣
ӨӨվסŲλʩصŸáʮáʮˡʮšʮãǼҪȥѽҪ̫ƣġ
ŶŶá
ӨӨļλֶˣɵɵվǶЩ޴ӡӨӨЦһȥม
Ŷ
λɵɵشӦһۿӨӨı߿λֵվǶ㿴ңҿ㣬˰ŸŽŵصӨӨǳʲô˰ɣôôԾ
ĶʮףɺصǿӣҲǳ˰ġеаŶֵɻ󣬶ӨӨģԼͬܳĸо
լСүףϵһԣžơͬϯǽΪӨӨ¸վͬһߣǳһ𣬺е㸸Тģ
үһھƣ̾һӨӨѾͷǽ˲ġҸôźأҲ򲻵ãҲãȰأֲǳˡ
ļҾ㲻ŮļҲôͿذѹ޳ȥɣļҿɾôһһŷأºã֪˱ָָЦǡ
ϵͱôˣѾ˰¶ȥ˵ôǻǵɣ˼ҵĻӨӨһǻġ
ү˿ھƣ̾˿̣˰ɣ˼δʲô⣬˵ּءҲǲ֪ǵЩ˼ҲŲں˼УֻҪ˱˴ϲĶ¶

ͷɥͬʱ̾Ϣһ
ӨӨֵֻȸǰһһĵعȥˣϵŤͷһۣûЩɻصӨӨˣմſڶȥ
үӵſ˰ۻ˰ɣ
ϵұá
үӵ۾棡Сӡ
ϵεصҶʮˣϳСӳСӵĺô
үӵһˣҲҶӣһСʲôԣ
˵ţӨӨ˫ִӴſڵ˻̽ͷ߿һۣЦȵشкүүүںȾư
үЦصŶҵĹŮ죬쵽үүһһ춼ûӰүүûš
Ŷ
ӨӨܹȥ£ƺΪӣΪƱٻصүү߹ɵ£ĵصүүǺȵƻһѪͺãʹˣɲܺ
ԼҵСͻȻһСŮֱүӺϵĿɿڴүӽŵʵŮҵĸαûʲô°ɣ
ӨӨ֪ԼǰδеĹɻ֮𺳣ȵطʵʲô¶ѽûѽүүǵģҸơ
Ŷ
үӶ߶µضƱݺᣬûܹ˼治Ӧ
ӨӨԱһүɾͲĹˣͷһƣܳٶһĴСƵĸϵͻȻһ⣬æһŶˣԭ˹նҪȥ硣
үѩ׵ĳüһӶϰģһ˶ûУ磬ȥյʲô֣
ϵЦ͹ʹͬţӷ磬ȻҪҼͷų棬Ҹ磬òȥʵոĴǽƲԵѧӣһȺˣȥŰͽġ
밡űʡѧԭ壬ܵõһޣķۣǱȡеϣǴҪǲ÷ӣһ治ȥƨ
ӨӨ°˵˫۶ʱһϲƲѧҪȥôСҲҪȥඣôû˵
ϵһûҶС죬ӨӨŮԭıѧ壬ܹӷѧӣҲǱʡ͵ſɲ˭ȥġ
ӨӨǰСһȥҪſ˭㣿
ϵ
үӼŮ⸱ȴӣǰˣЦŽ͵ŮǸҶСأﵱȻǺõòˣɶţˣʩڱβԵ࿼֮УδŵϺš
ƾʲô
ӨӨŭˣһվһӣŵүӺϵ
ӨӨͻȻҶСæšҪŮҪŮ£үӺϵȻһЦϸصүү˼ҲǸ
үӺϵɶʱӨӨ˵һʱëæӦǰǰʡãʡá
ӨӨüһַ߷߲ƽصǸʲôʲô죬ʲôʲôҲ̫û۹˰ɣһѰèȴС磬ֱ
үӺϵͷǰǰ飡
ǡ
ӨӨתεϵϵظһͦҲȥˣʲô죬ôˣҲŲӣ
ӨӨСﲻȥ͸ȥ
ϵϽĿڵԣҵȥȥúüʶһ⼸ļһһƨ
ӨӨϲЦտͷĵصţȥҺС㰢ȥ
ϵͣһŮТģԼץƺһһһ

һ磬ӨӨʹС·Сޱ˳ҶС츰֮ͤᡣ
ͤڹ˾֮һġϣ˴λڹϵӣһʯƾһСΧˮɽɫ쳣īͶΪ񡱡
ٴ͢ڴ˽ѧͤͽ͢ѧڼ䣬ٹʮ꣬˱㲻ܿͤˣͤƵ״ĺоʯΪٽһ¥
һܿܺõ͡ҶСӨӨ˿ʱҶСʲôԭ塢ѧûȤǶӷ⻹ǺϲģӨӨȻȻӦʡ
ҶСҲѴ˷ᵱǸʲô֮ᣬңңҲˣ޶;ԳȻϲ̵ظţһ˱㱼ӡ


03 
ϣͤһʯ·һͷ˵еľȵſˮ룬СſչıϽһСͤͤṆ̀ڿնȥ
ͤ˾ϯǰʹϴҪλˡͤʯҲʮϯλ·𻨰һ㣬ǡðͤΧм䡣
СּݵϣҲϯλʢǰǡƵٴӡѧʦ͢ڴ˽ѧʱ龰
ҶСϵӲԶӨӨ˳ǰѼʿ˷쳣ظ·ҶСôҾһϢҲ֪ӨӨڴ磬ʿǿиԼô
ӨӨȻܣʲôһЩٶأʲô˵ȶ
ҶСֵصŶܽȥ𣿡

ӨӨͻȻʶæȵȻܣҼҿǱش壬ƾҼôˣ˭֣ЩĹٶǱشͽĺأҪȻվסţһ˺üλء
ҶСһҲǣطĴ壬жӵܵ˹ڵط¡أطڵվסţͲòЩط壬Щط̫ǿƵĵط壬ط١
ֻǹطĽ̲ˣǿͲڹˣӨӨļô˿ڣǴﵱȻ൱ĻȨҶСһ֮һˡ
ӨӨȻүүأүүûҵϯġ˵ű߽ϣǰмòӭվסʹڴͣ˵Ȼرܣ
ò˵ĻϾӾӣǺˣֻһ۵СһֳףҲһһˣһһˣǿɾͳԲ˶ˡ
С·ġ
һòС·нӹ˿üôôһһҰԴ󷢡
ңңŴӵĴȵӲŲأ
СޱģͷԳͨԣǲֻڰ߾
òԥһ£ǿҪǣǧҪǳʲô¶ŵĶǹˣһ£ǵùҲﲻġò˵һ·ҶС˱˹ȥ

һûһµزңһ˼飬ͻȻһ죬һļѹӴƮȻ롣ûлͷҲ߽ͨģİȻ޵ڶˡ
ţ΢΢һЦԹҡȣߵһԣˣӶĮϰΪˡ
ӣСãȡةһְ
Ȼ
üͷ΢΢һ˵νشƫԶͻȻǸССأǵ˰ڲ˾˾ǸΪ
㲻ǰϣӦô⣬ȻӦﵽĿģڵȻֻܽϣѡΪһĿġ
ɻʵֺôǡ
ͣһȻվߵǰڲżһһøɫעĵͼˢһעĿͼãǽһ˿Ц⣬ˣ
˳תȻںأȻһ壬صشϱҪ壬·Ĺؼڣһգݱ岻룬ϽʦҲ볯͢Ͼϵˡ
ӦҰĲͼôҪĵطŹǲںʱϧǸŮӣΪָԸͣҴҵĸԸعߡ
΢΢۾˼Ƭ̣ţֻļƻ֮ʱһӦԺֻڶ־Щˡȥһˣһ̽
΢΢һ漴ð뿪ЦĿǵȥأɽ·᫣㣬ҵ㲻Уһ˲ٳټ棬æң
жϵĲôؾƾֵһؼ֮ܵתİֵһ򲻷ӦӦͳβôģ
ӹһ˿ذһգžһģɣȥɣֻԸͬ¾ĪʧĪȥеصΣ
û˵ֻǵͷָһһ÷۾ãδʱ·һƵƮ˳ȥ

ǭɽϣУﻨһɫ档Ӧһȣ䣬ֻϣͷԵؿӦһ̧ͷĺӱɿԮߴȻŤͷƺ⣬Ӧ˲ȻʧЦ
ߣǰʮɢУӦΪģͬǰƶţӦͣסŲҲͣ
ӦһبϵĴִЦʵش˿֮ѾʼˣɰԶǰȥ
짵ְѾ˰ˡ
Ӧ˵ͷ˵Զǰ̲Ǹմ޵ĸ壬ʽҲûʲôãܰ£Ǿ͸ˡдƣԶĻ;档
ϵǣǼԶ
Ҳһ£ˣǰոհ˾šƵʱҾͽֲˣȴһڷԽȴͻȻ˺صͷ
Ӧ̾˿ǰλ˾͢û棬λ˾Ϯְλá٣ʱǳ͢עĿصʱ
ǵѣڻǲأܷɣֻҪó͢ѺУǾ͹ˡұļƻȷָ֣ƹ̣ʮ֮ʮɽҵУϧܴɡ
ӦĬһ΢΢һЦãھݵһԵȻҵĹ⣬ε֮仹˸ӵĹϵ
ңңҵĹйǡ⣬ѵײɣһҶԹ̵Ҫͼ֮ˣȻˣ߾ֻܾ֣ǶҵĴ¼Ϊ
򣬻ͷְˡ
ӦͻȻʵͷϺʲô
짵˷ԸѾ˶סˡլϼһһֱҲ֪ʲô
ӦüϼһΪζ
Ӧ룬ʼʲôͷֻҡҡͷɽȥ
ϡΣࡰˮϵһʯϣһλͷҵİ׷ֳֵ̬ͣȻԶһ˸ֶ·һλͣ˿ϵãǰһĳӰ죬һλָʹ˭Ҳͺ֮ˡ
ƯͻȻһҧˣ˷ɿһͣһƴ䵽ʯϣǰ㹳ժ㶪¨ЦүүǺãһҧûжϹ
ά΢΢һЦ˫϶ǵ۾ʯСͤ΢΢һɨصлᣬλСϷ˵յһ˦ͶˮС


04 ˹İ
Ұ˵ⲻ磬ȴҲܶˣͤǰĴʯϾͼһһʦտȫȫѾɽɫʦһѩССͽתȫ򣬷ɿɫơ˱ǵһƬƬ⣬һѩ׵ĩһͤУÿǰһݣͤʿǵȻûݴ
ͬŴ̸ЦλҲǲʱͼ䣬иգЩ֮ϷϵǸʶֵ򣬶Щ¶һϲֻͨ˦ӳ⣬ʱʱĻҪͷŮҶСڰһϯݷݵҲأ԰
ƹѲ˹ѮΧѧӿʼ½ͤ졢˾ƣͬʱԱţֻѧ˺λԭһЩӡ
߶ֳҲͻˣһλϴȤЦѧӽΪȭȭ֮Ĳɲ֪Ȼ˹βУһԼָǾǳҲһⰡ
ʹЦǣԼӵ㲦Ҳǵһҫ㿴ЩѧӻЩˣ۰Ͱ͵ؿء
΢΢һЦ֣Ǹֵܳˣǭѧ֮أҷҮ
̧Ҷ֪ⲻǫ֮в̧ӵĵǺһ佱ֱú͢һԭǿصˣֽѧʵʿǰȡһΪ⣬ʫһףԵǿУʫš֮
˵ⷬʱͤΧʿѾˣ׷ֹͣ磬ţĿ⣬Ͽ쿴أǣɾͱԶռ˱ˡ
ֵߣϰʥ˾䣬ΪΪٴ̻طν֮ѧΪǴĳһĿڳ͢ҲǱ۵ķзǾǣҸòüִк֮ߣ㼺Σ
⺣ߣԪʱͽ˽⡢˽ᴩʼաʱΪʿϡµʧߵಿܶҲ亣ϣټһЩصĿǣԪҲʩ˺ߡ
ȵ䣬֣󣬹ٷ˺ҲͿˣǵ˼ξ䣬ܲⱣһȻָǰ굱ʵ۵ĸ¡ۻλʱ򣬸Ѳв˽ΪϷ̡ͨ
ʱܺݼ̹Ĵ䣬Ϊ͢˳Ƶ˹ߣ丰ͨˣ±Ϊ¡쿪ءҰ仹˷Կ󺣽ڳ͢һƬұۡ
վͤǰĿ֮ʿ˭λǰһչܵһ䣬̧Լʿеĵλ
ֻʫʺð죬ҪʫԶͿƽʱʫˣǲ۵ĿϵĿɲܷգҪǷλһ£в죬ܸһõۡ
ЩʿӸ֮ǰ˹򣬶λϸ˽ģ֪λǷԿֺһҪֺȻҲȷԼ̬ȡ
ʿ֮ȴҲֱ֮ˣֻ߱ǹٻӵܣĸڳΪ٣̬ǡǡֿ֧ģʱͲͬԼĸ泪ˣҲö⡣
ҶһζعάⳡԷûȤζǡΪЩֿ֧ʿӣǱЩζ˶
ʿӸ㼺첮ǰΪһʫõĺ񣬽űͺ֮˵ʵҴơ̫ʵۺ֮һԹ֮ڳɷǰϧ¡Ԫȴз⽮ܵطƻ󣬳ûʵ۱¸ոյǻв飬˺ΪԿߣ֮Ҳ
ƵƵͷ˸ߺøˡ
ʱȴһǧصվλյ֣ǹݲ˾صֿ֧ĹԱ
ǧص濪ʹлԶͨĺڱķ빱ʮԱԶơ΢вĵң֪лǿɵĺŽʢҮ
ɫһ첮Ĵݵصв֮£֮֮ͽ̾޼֣߾򡣽п֮ͽ֮磬ġв߱ڹǴ󺦣
ǧصвߣң﷫Ϊ顢Ϊ飬һ޻ԹߣʥĽĵҲҮҮ
첮ȻһЦٷְ˾档кأ¹鱾ʧԶ֮ɾݣԻе޾֮
վԮ֮֮ԭ֮ˣĩ塣Ե£ʾױ
ϯϣңң˵СϰԱסˣҲ֪Сո粻ܸһˣ§СĲһõСЦտŴӺ͸޶ܵˣȥˡ
ҶСһӨӨЮѬ⣬һƬˮĵؿһЩͤǰƴչʾԼʿӨӨݵ·ɲߣλǴ壬ԭطĺܣôܵˣΪͬꣿ
ӨӨǵǣΪǹˡ漮ͭʣڼ˻סǶأһǻ̽ĸܵģ˳һС
ҶСȻ˵ͷ
ʱʦѾǧزˣƿԣصҰ֮ĶʳߣʢҵҲɽ֮ڲߣöҲ
üɫ裬ƴЦã˵ĺã˭
캬Цǹʦء
һϵЦݶʱЩصŶԭǸʦôҲˡ
ͳУνʦЩƭ񡢹ϡ׽Ӱıܿơ޹ĵ񡣷֪ɲ⣬֮ߵķֻ֮ܲڹٸ֣֮ʦͨɣƱ̫֣Զʦ̬һΪɣҲڹֵطͳ˽٣ʦһЩ
ʵʦйȻһЩΩͼ֮ˣȴҲ֮ʿС˿ɣʱԩѩȫЩʦϴѩԩκһӪаһӴⷽ棬ĩʦμͷƾаĽܳ
رֳлˣһ̬ȸĹۣǰЩ޵ݣæѧҲųʥģֻƣʦ
ѧΪʦȴ֡ߵɷΪ޹ա˵Ʒ£ɲֻʲôݣڳʿ˵Ϊţȴǲѧ±ɣν˹еİ֮࣬ѧˣ
ʿӣвǲϲصд˵˭
һָҶС죬˾ˣ


05 Ȼ޳
ָķһۣҶСһƬ⨺ң°ӨӨȥҧӨӨȻúˣ͵͵ҿŴȥɿҧһڡ
ս͵ʱҶСӾ͹ǰһգҪ׸ȴӨӨĺܣҧһ⨺ƬཱུһƬƬ⨺ңĵЦ
ȫδһĻͤеļ˿ˣüͷһõصḡռͣȻЯŮͬȻ翪ţǵҲ̫ḡЩ
ϵۼ˵ԼıŮԼǸ޲ûȴֲһָͷĻ쵰׼Ůپ޹⣬ϽƱߣװʶǡ
ؼҩ˺ֹֹḡ˵ŹҲǲסһŮòžŮӵĸʮպޣ׷ȴ˷Ӷɥϸ˵ɲҲĹô
˸ӲãճǸ¹ޣ
µһòϽС˰ϵҶСһϯҶСոմӨӨֹ˼ʲôü糺죬شһ£òֱͦͦƵǰ
òλҶСҶŰɣѧʹǰ𻰡
ҶСһվӨӨϲ̵صҾ˵ɣſƧԶҲڲסɵģС磬ѧʹǶ˵Ĵء
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ҶСжؿһۡ񡱵ĴС㣬ɲԼʲôѧʹĶ䣬ҲòСš
ϯԵȥѧǰ¶һʿǣѧʹ˸ǰ𻰣Ľ۹⿴
ҶСߵͤǰЦ첮ĺʱбһһһѧʹټδػʲô¶ˡ
䵭ؿҶСۣΪ֮£һӱᣬּһ㣬һԼϸ֣ڰģиӲϲ
һƲص֮磬Ķǹٻ¡ķϺʿֲſЯŮͬȻǲףⲻ֪ܵŮӵڵЦ̫Ҳ˹ˣ
˵仰ȥ֪ܡ֣ȻǺָҶСҲˣ֣ܵһѧ̡ܽϼһϵؽѵҲ
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ǸŮˣͼŮ鱼šÿʣԭŮȻͬԭ̡ԵףȻǭأȴԭǭŮӣȴ֪Ǵ廹Ǹ壿
˵Ͼ˵ˣȻҶСһףǾ޹⣬һʱڵһ¾ˣϻġ
ʿеλҲԡͲšΪ٣ϧʵۼٴʹʱžǡڻʵߣ˵һ䣺˸Ҳһã
һ俼׾˴˵Ļᣬ塱ִӴ˳һĲҶС쾹˵ĻƤӶˣָҶС죬صӣӣ
ϵ˵ԼŮ֪ܡȻŭ۾أҶСⷬٿʱЩ˳ˣȻҶС棬ס
غ첮ıλǰҶС죬һҶСôϵһ͸Ǻˣаϲ첮Цұסںأǵںʱ£ʱһ鲼£ȴ֪¼ʱţ
첮ȻҴҶСð¶ǵõ¹һͬģҴƱҪܶˣҴʱǨûʲô֤ݺץҲ֪ҶС첻ϴ£ԱԼʶº˵˳
һ첮ĵĻʱط˵˹õΣʹ£˹Ȼм٣ѧĹ䳾÷
صԴǴֱɣȻǸţǺηϣ귽Σʱεؿȡ
ѯʣҶСͰԼĿ¼ȡݶˣŸողμ֮ԣѧ귽ʮţͭʸɽ˾ϣոձ¼Ϊţʦͭʸѧ蹫
ĵɽ˾ǲҵļôǹһĽ̲ˣһʱ͵ԭסھ˾˼飬ʲôʱһţô˷ؼȴδ˵ͭʱعԱҲڳģôҲ˵
ҶСͭʸȡеţŹ⣬ôعٸоһֽšͭϣҴҶСĿǾͰͭʸҲǣ˽
޼ͭʴɽ˾ϪżΪ֪ͭǴɽ˾ֱܣҪǵʵۣǴ޼һкӹôˣƲͭʸйص£УһѧʣѪͷʿеһ˵ɱܡ
뵽Ʋ²̸ת˵ϷǴɽ˾ϣͭһĽ̲ˣܳһ󱲣ϷοոſʫۣҲһչѧǸдѧʵģϷ״֮
ҶСһɱˣϼһҪҵţҾνΪǿ꣡ǣŸʲôʫʲôۣһ֪òʱûҶС֪ʫʲô
еЩҡˣĪǴ˵ڣѲŰһΪ⣬ʫһף弴ɡ
ҶС룺˵ҵʫŻ̸ϳڽĵز֮ţϼһҪңҲλһǴҲ߰ա
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ҶС츺ں󣬱ͤǰһʱͤѻȸ˭ס˺ΪҶС춥ײ׳٣ڿû˸Сˣһһǧžء
һ
ҶСЩѾססˣŵȥƱ˵ȴҶС̤ͣ£ǧĪδǧꣿ˼Ųʮţľͷ
ۣȿȿȿȡ
ЩƵ˵ùˣǺÿǶҲùˣһͷһЩ˵ķӦҶС쵱ķӦһޡֻǵʱҶС첻¶ЦɫЩȴ̿˵Ц
ϵ۵һ˫ӣһʱ˵ķӦ֪ƾ粻֮סǼұŮĳСӣʫô
ҶСţ΢Ц͵ʫ
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ҶС컹û˵꣬Ȳ˵ˣŵĿɲҶСĿʶ׼ˣǴ


06 Ůͦ¿
ҶС׼Ĵĵأ仰һأһƾ˶ǣҲ¶Цģ
˱볰ЦҶСһһô˵Ϊ˵Цסڣ뿴ôҶС졣
ҶСҲΪǳԼ˵΢Цſڽͣ˵ʫ֪ͭǳֱʡ˵ĿǡʫǡʫȻ˭״ָľǸʫҪۣȴҲܾ˵ˡ
˵Ȼ޳ܣ˵ʫƷһһˡ
ӨӨͭˣ嶼סͭʣȻһĴ壬ҵ֪ͭЩ˾үϮ棬ͳ˵طϵʵۣЩʵҪǣǹеɱ˲Ѫӣ԰ڲáܡ
Ǵ壬ǿɣõʳ˼ֻ̻ҪΥĵؿ޼䣬˼ϲ˵Ҳرһ˭޳ܣҶСɲõʱ˵˻
û뵽û˵ʫȲؿˣʵؿޣһ̸ذڳ˴סˣҶС춼סˡ
޵ãһã飬ܹ辶Ϸ򷽲ֻ˵ʫȴûָɻʫȻҲʫȺӢͣȻóһ׺ʫҲδؾܺȺ˲ĿȻ״ʫһ˭ǲ
˻Ȼ׷ױ룺Űˣѧʰ˭ܳͣҪʲôɲҪ辶Ŀô
ҶСĿ⣬˼֮⡣
ϵ֪ʫòãһ˵ͷͷǵӻϲ˼֡ȻǲԸŮ޸ҶС죬ҶСڱϾŮ˫ԣҶСӣ˼Ҳ;Щʡ
ֵ˵ʫ򲻿Ϊ˳һƲ̫סն¡ŷ޵̳ҿǶʫġ״ʫһǵôҺôЦʫЧӵ쾡ˡǵڶáô
ź룬·ǻζӣʫҪʫȤ棬ؽ̹ʫһٵ׿ȴӹͣڳԳ֮˻ζǱһ׺ʫʫˣ壬ζѵǺʫ𣿡
ҶС˰Σ׹϶Ǳ޳ܰѹǴ壡ͭϣȻȥͭˣ˵ԹƣϯŪ
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ʫһĲֵأڹȻסˣȴƱص֪ʱҶС첻˵ڳЦ䣬Ĵȴһĺ
ȴȻˣ˶ΪʫҶС֮ǰֶԴǰ˭ҲΪǴǾͱôǶˡȻ˲ϿɴʫķҲؽȣȻ֮
ҽһĻᴫ￪ȥ֪˱Ȼ֣ȱְ֪ҶСɱ˲Ѫһνһð
ҶСһۣв޵⣺СӣϷ򶷣㻹˵
ôһʿϸһĥԽĥԽ׹ƨͨĴʫƺĴȤˣƾ͵λɹתͳһ÷족ҶС죨֪ҡһǸƨɵĻʵۡʿȿֺصͷ̾Ψֱ˵Լʫĺ
غ첮ʫãĶ޳֮ͽҶСʹԸ޳ܵĸˣеʰ·ˡ
첮вֲò޴Ļֻòʫ۹ˣǲۡ۵Ŀǳ͢ӦÿǺҶţ㳩ԣҵϴˡ
ҶСȴ֪۵ʱ˫Σ
첮Ĵʱ֪ҶС조ѧԼдĦ̬ȣЦһһԲ
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ҶС칰ֵлλѣָմ
Ҳһ񣬵ԣԶ£
⿪֮ȴũҵ빤ϣũҵ빤֮һϣͤǰһۣɿ⣬뵽˱֮ϡ
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״ֱ£Դ㿴˴Ұɷܵǵô֮ã
õصҶС죬кθ߼˵˴³Էˣ
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첮ĵƫȫһһ֮ߡ
ҶС¸ƨɽɽԺѣ̵ͨĻغգô漰ˣ½գȻԸΪЩ׳գϸߣ̸Ҫǣ군ˡ
ص˭˵ҪˣֻũΪΪܵߵũ紾ӣ˹̰ɣ̻֮أһұһˣ̻ͷԣũҵ壬̲㣬η쾭塣
ЩȴĦ̬ȣŽʿǷ׷ʱڴǰһʱ
ҶС˵عڣȴܸͣȫ֮ʢҲû˾̰ӹס񡭡
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ԻԻαԻӣģ֮Ҳʶٲ׺ɳĮϺ롣֮ĶҲ
Իв֮£֮֮ͽ̾޼֣߾򡣽п֮ͽ֮磬ġв߱Լ鳼Ҳ
ҶС֫ҲãͷҲ
Ի䩼鳼ʹʾ裬Ժ״ĵݣԹɻ
Իʹ˾λ£»áڡұҲԻе޾֮
Ի֮ɢغ֮ӣ̰֮԰վͱ߹ѣĩڡ
Իķ˥ĩʢ򱾿ĩ㣬򼢺
ҶСͣۿһſܵףੲݵͣշĭӣϽ¶һ˿Ц⡣
Щ˸Ͳ˵Ļᣬʲôʲô⣬ЩͳͳǹƨʵҪľ򣬾ڴѧǰһӡѣԼǿ̤ʯ粻ӮΣӮΣ
ҶСһԲʿӸӿԽԽ죬ԽԽߣõʥԸпա֪νˡ
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״ûĶˣҶСˣת㿴㿴
ҶС˳ִͤǰһ갫ժһƬҶӣһ©ֶ첮оƱҶ©˵õƱñǹɣ˷ǵġǵģȴӳ⣬¿ˣֻŪͷɵƣ
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ҶСߵǼڷȫĴʦǰվסŲ˿ʵλʦôģ
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˵ţǴʦӻȡһ칤ĻӣҶС˻ΣҶСһ־ͰѻӴȡ˹һصǷԸùĻˡ
ǴʦĿǡҪο򣿡
ҶСľҪľĻִ߿˿ǱпƲʣ˵һͻ꣬Ҫͤ׻һ£ǻˡ
ͤ˺ͤΧ
ҶСһתֿλʦѩСǰѵҲ˹˻˵ˣ⵶Ҳˡ
ǴʦͰ͵صǡҸϲأ
ҶС̾Ϣôôأҵģ
ҶСץסһһ˺Ҳ֣ݺҧһ͵⣬Ǻܺã
ҶСһ߳⣬һߴЦȥӨӨȡ
ðð
ӨӨϲصܹ̫ã˼ô
ǵȻ㲻㡣
ţĺ㣡
һһڵؿ⣬˵˿ȥ
ϵŴͿţŮͦ¿ȱ˻ͷϵͼ˾ƱװһҲʶǡģ


07 
ҶСﳤȥͤһſڽࡣ˰Σ״ε˵ȴֱɲ֮ʿҲˣ˹ġ
첮æϢŭ˹İеġѧԴ˽⣬ƽʱ飬ȻֱЩȴҲſѧȻǵ֮Զԣ߳ŭ֪֮ȡУ;ѾԱ
ҲæգȤЦҶСٶǾ¿ˮˣǺεˣαһʶء
ѧص˶ȻǱƿԣ߳ŭʧ̬Ǻǣ֮ᣬôһֱɿͽһЦҲһ£ֺαطء
˵ǣ޵ִˡ
תŭΪϲһŭɫ磬Ҫľ仰ѡΧϺء첮ĵҲЦ첮ĺЦţضһۣа룺ѧ̬ⷬҶС챾㻹һ¼ȡϣҲˣ
ҶС췵ذߣӨӨʳʵʣ֮Ҳ˵ǽܣϷǺαĥʱ⣬ѰңңһݺӶϣһΣ
ӨӨ֮īǵһشۻᣬԼɾⳡŻ¶أСϲǸר̹ǣô⣬ѧʹǿɶѵһǰҪҲƵġ
ҶСǣסֵɵѾͷ㲻֪Ҹղһ׾ĺʫ޲ڡѧƵƵͷ¶ҶѾ¶ˣҲѾˣأǼλۣƿԣ޹⡣µʿɶֹڲ뿪޵𣿡
ӨӨüЦصðǾغ棬ʵ緳ءšҪҪҵ˵һ
ӨӨ̽ͷͤһۣȴϵٱ֣޺̬֮ȴоٱµ⣬ûһۡ
ҶСαؾ˼ңҸղͤǰѾ˵ˡ
ӨӨϲ߰ɣףңңĶȥˣ
ӨӨǰһۣǡÿԳӴһôƵһôȥӰһ֮СӨӨǰһָϲǶȥǡ
ʱҶСͤǰһԴѾѸٴΧϯλϵ۹⿴ҶС䲻ںϾЩڣͲ뿪ãغߣҵǾ
ӨӨӦһҪܣҶСæһƬѴҶȹסӨӨȥңңҲԳ
ӨӨСȥҶС쵧һ䣬Ȼȥ
ǰյʯϣ챾游ķԸȥͤϣǡ˵ҶСղͤЦŭһĻ֣ϻѾ游˵һ顣
ү˹ЦҶС쵱Ǹ࣬ϷѾܶûмôȤˡ
ЦںʱֻǰʷΪ˴һģΪҰã˭֪ȴǸҡһ˹ƽߣΪҰˣүүҪô
ү΢Цĵûʲô˭˵Ǽٵʷ˹ƽߣͲΪˣҿܷӵãǰҪࡣ
ɵүү˵
үӵΪõˣһ͵ҵˡ˵ڿˣ
ǣ
үͣ˦ˮУ΢ЦҪˣǾһˡ
춯ݵүүҪķһ
үӵ˭˵ҪǵһļǸͷһᣬ˭ǱŮҶС˫أǺǡļһḶ̌ûļҪһݰɣ
үүһݣȻΪ٣ɴ˷أ´Ӳơ
άصأ˹ݵĹ٣ƣûشˮ

ӨӨſ֣ܽңңңң
ǰͻȻһӰӨӨһ˶ʱһԾص㣬ô
չӨӨһչһȣǶչ˵Ͼͻغȴץš
ӨӨڨڨص㣬㲻ȥôÿɽԣô²Żһôô죿
չȻԺ˵ӨӨ㣬л㽲
ӨӨãȻҪ˵ʲôҪҪȣ
չûص
չתߣӨӨԥһ£첽ȥչߵһʯôľмͣסӨӨ׷ʵ㣬㾿Ҫ˵ʲô
չԥһ£֪֪ʵݣ
ӨӨգգۣ˭
չ۾㻹װɵ
ӨӨЦŶ˵ѽҲû˵ֻ̫࣬ǸңǾϣ䣬ûʲôˣڿͭʸŶ
չЩˣûи㡭
ӨӨɵؿչţ
չûи㡭㡭
չȻ뵽صһĻҶСԳָ±˻ߵغþԳߣһЦ𵶣޷˵س溣
չͷһȣȻЩӨӨ¶ˡӨӨչһ˫ƯĴ۾ŵø󣺡㣬㲻ңڼѾ˰ɣ
չһţ
ӨӨ飬ֻԼ¶ˣ۾̲סôƭң˻Ҫƭң
չЦˡûȢӡ
ӨӨ˿ڣȻϲ̵صǾͳˣѾҲ£ٺ٣СϲңҲϲС磬˭Ҳɢǡ
չĵصǹأҲɢǣ
ӨӨԿǣɵص̣Һ˵֣ѽô벻Ķ˵ˡ㣬ʲô
չŷһɣסɽ֮УΧоἰʮһկ繰
ӨӨһˣʮʮţ̫࣬ʵڼǲסˣ˵ôˣСгô˵Ǻġ
չЦҶСûгֻҶСһĹߣҲǹ̵Ľ
Ҿ֪
ӨӨĵصӨӨеˣǵ֮Ҿ֪СһǸдˣȻ˲ء
չ֪һرĹ涨չʵǰ಻סˣѹ̵ĹһԶӨӨ˵һ飬ӨӨʱסˣζû˵
ͬصû˵°ɣǺǣҾ֪ʮţŶ껪ʮҲʮ꣬Ҫȥܽô
Ϊʲôܣ
ӨӨЦ۾һ˫˵ǳ˵׾˰ϦദģİҲ顣ҺС϶ʮޣɽߣȥ͵ѰǿҪһˡ
չɴ۾βҡҡͷĵԽٸңҾͲ˵̬չˣ˵Ѿ˵ˣԾڴˣΪ֮ɣ
ӨӨЦţչƮȻԶȥЦݽȥĵģ֪˰ɣΪλϲ˵˵ȥƭҰøôҲûôɵ


08 ڸɽһ
ҶСݺӶϣάԶԶӰ԰رһ¡
ŤͷһۣشӦһȻС
ҶСƵߵմʯԣһͷҵϥ㣬̬Ȼվס˽Ų
վһ˻ûȤҪٲ߿˺ȻعͷЦСѣ㷽ùȻˬ죬ʹͣȴҪˡ
ҶСЩؿƵİߣ˼ҶĿͨĺţͤиոշ飬˼ô֪ˡ
ά΢ЦǺǣϷҲ¹ǰ̣ϷܲЩ˼
ҶСȻЦԭˣǾѹˡֻͤȴϵҵǰ̣ԣҲģҲؽţ˾ˣҺΣ
άǺһЦͤһµĴ壬һѧСǶˣ˲ǰ̣Ҫô»Ҫôʫ񴫼ңһ仰ʿǽ塣ѧҡҡͷ̤ٳ벽ǣҲҲκΣ
ҶСЦ˲ܣԱȥͺá
άһҶСֵҲȥãҾٲȻض꣬˻
άЦȤȤ꣬ǻĺܡֻδЩ
ҶСҵã㿴ѡ
ҶС쿴һ۰άԵ¨Цʵ㣬׼ô
ά֪ΪκȻ£ڴ㣬ȴҲ󣬻ȥСüϾƣա
ҶСȲع󸮲СһЩĸۡжйأзҪαԶ˵أ
άȤˣ΢ЦŴ͵ģʳ֮
ҶСˡ㣬δ¶㣬Ǳ㲻һ츪³ǳн𣬷ʴ쳣ҲǲʳãȴΪʲô
ΪĿ˵ʲôô˱ʲôĴ㣬ֻйãҡͷβʾãǲ³һۣȻι
άҶСһֻۣ仰ɱﾹԽƷԽζƺ͸Ųӽ־Լݣһаݡ
ɰάǺεˣӦǶı֮ԼʱҲҪһϺֻ꣬Ƭʧأ㼴ָҶС첻ʶݣȻҲͲܴ⣬ֻҶСһ
ά˵ͷСӣе˼
ҶС΢΢һЦֵкμ̣
άһЦûķ羰ҵҵĵ㡣
ҶС쳤Ҿأˣǣ
άعȥһͣٲͷҶСҲش߹
άЦеؿˮƯĵ꣬ǳ֮ﰡ߿Ժúһչ֣֮ݣ߿𵽴ô
ҶСһ̹ȻݵģȥĵĪĻðһ˵ͷ˭ôңֻӨӨѽͷʮа˾žӨӨүүˣŮģٺ٣Ҳ֪ҸղǴβװ񣬿ЦеӣӦǹ˰ɡ

ӨӨҵӺ͸޶òֺңңһѰҶС졣һ·ӨӨЩĲɣȻΪչƭĿΪ֣ⷬ
ĻǼٵģ
ӨӨǸסĹһ̣Է˯ҪӰ졣ңңɽʱҶСںӱǻ
ҶСһЦӭȥңңܵһźӺ͸޶һˣ㶼ЩҰˣȥӱϴ
ңңɵشӦһȥ޶æƨƨߵظȥվһߣҶСһЦ
ӨӨҧҧ촽żɽصС磬мҪ㡣
ҶСǺǣٿôһӣʲô°
ӨӨȻʵС磬û˵ʮɽһ̣
ҶС쿴ӨӨЩɫԼͻأ⣬һϵЦݽȥӨӨ˭˵ʲôǲǣ
ӨӨִصشҡ
ҶСĬƬ̧̣ͷӨӨįһЦû֪̣ȥǶĪġͳǵߣ벻ɶɡ
ҶСЦЩɬҼãҲܾˣһ¶ʮ֮ڣңʮ꣬ʮǾҪһɽȥʲӹߣҲȥģǡ
ҶСͷԲ£һֱ㡣һʼǾ㲻Ǹһũҹ϶ʮޣһŮҲǷ㡣Ǵ۶ϲ㣬ϲòϲã᲻㡭˵ף̫˽ˡ
ӨӨ૵صԭġ
ҶСصͷԲĺܶԲ߰ɣҲ㡣ҶСת̿뿪ӡ
ǹһҶСȻоһԼһ˫ֱۻסһ
ӨӨĺϣǰҵģԲԣ
ҶС˵ͷԣ
ӨӨ¶Ц̣ҴСĸİ£ĽòˡҾҾڸ߸ѩɽϵǸŮֱһ죬иϲ˳ǰòΪԸأʱͺԥظߣʲôݣһжѣֻҪ˴ϲѩɽȪˮԵһѩö꣬Ϊ˵ȵǸԵߢȡ
ӨӨӨỨСϣҵһʱǵԵݾѾʼˡܻסҵʱ˼ҵľˣߣ
ҶСһһתӣתŵؿӨӨϲصӨӨ㡭ֻ֪ܺһʮ꣬㻹Ըң
ӨӨͷϲһһ͵ֵùʮꡣͲϲһ𣬶ʮҲһ죡ο
ӨӨϸϸüʵĽһ̺˲ôˣߣʮҶʮ岮һٶֵܣټٸֶӣ˶Ѷѹǣ
ӨӨ
ҶСжرӨӨصҵıɰĹģҶСҲ˰ڲӣ£һһ취
ɽɽУһٻӰȻ
õĲ裬
õĲΣ
βǣ
ź
Ĳ裬
Ͳζʣ
ֻҪ粻
Բʮꡣ
ͻתĸ𣬵͵ֻгԼü
С磬ҺĵΪѧһ׸裬ϧԶҲܳˡ
ӵһ˫Ӱչȥ


09 زס
֮᱾ǹѧΪȰһӷ磬ͬʱҲλԭʿӵһҪעҪڹʿһμѻģȴ벻ߡҶСһͨᶼζ
κ˵ʫƺûζȺ˹ȻȱȱЩʿǸ̸۵ʱһ뵽ҶСԼ迾ʦǸ̸̸ۡ龰ͻڡ
֮ݲݽˣͬ뿪
ڳϣ뵽úһ֮磬ҶСôһ˽ɢ̺޷߷߲ƽ԰οȣαضԴ¹ڻأĵһֱƥƽϣ˲ЦֻЦ㡣
ȳ˿֣һƥ򣬱˵ЩҲϡҵȶˣͬǵһʶҶС컹ţʿ֮ܣ
һЦģţܿͲˡ
˫һ֣˵
Ľ̲ͭˣЦﻹһڼ¾ȻδһšͭʸʱҺݺݽѵһ٣ٲĹۣȥĽְ֮˭֪¹⾰ͭʾͳҶСš
ȻȻп´辶
Цҿ²Ǵ辶һ⡣ꡮԡһȥѲӣҶȥΨͭһҪȥģʱ򡭡
΢Ц
νԡű¼ȡÿ궼Ҫһεĸ˾Ϊ˷ֹѧҵϲˡμӡԡſԲҪʸģֻоϵĹһ
⡰ԡȡĵعٸͿԣϼѧ˿Ҳûȡһŵԭ򣬵صĶѧʶ̫ȡˣҪڡԡʱ򱻰Źοգ
ֱѧΣžŪӦȥֻҪҶСĲѧ̫ò֣ѧʱЩ¸һ˵ɻȥ
ɽҶСͤſ˴ȼһʿӣѧҲ޹⣬⶯ŭǰ֡ԡҪͭһУȻǾҶСŹԴһŭȫ
˵ⷬüͷһ壬ɻضԴȵˣղҶСʫô¶ƨͨôһ
һ죬֧ΣŶλͬź˵ʵ֣֪ҶСǼթС״ʫͲģǳֱ֪ͭʡ
ӡ
ȿЦɲǣһؼʱϯմմϲ׹ƨͨĴʫ˵һʫȻǹƨͨ޵𣿡
Ȼǹݰʹѧһƹܹݵ˾ͽλȨأͬϪϮʵ۱ȣҪѷɫࡣ˼ãǰʫҲĿ佱䣬˲ӿЦ
ȵ˹סİ츮˾˸ոЩ⣬صúɢȥԼסϢ
˺լԸ澸һѾţһü۾СһСܶظϽյ߶˼䡣
üͷ΢΢һ壬ֵصļңϲǼôʲôݷã
һһĸߴߴǵش˽СһСܶҲ׷ϡǸߴ˻һ㹰֣ص죬ĳˣð֮ˡ
Ͻӭȥ˵ﻰ֮αô죬˰裡
Ը澸ϵ˱裬Цʵĳָոջͤƹȴ֪ʲô鲻õ˵ƫҪڴʱһ
ϵüƺЩΪѵӣ죬ĳǸϴ֣Ĩǵ˵Ͳ˵׻ˡҽΪһ飬ļңҪһ
һʱ˰βŵ֣Ǻļһ򲻴ƾٵģôꡭ
ϵͷصⲻǾô죬Ǽűʡѧ¼ȡ˭¼ȡ˭һ仰ǣ׸Ұɣ
µصʵ͢Ըλ˾һչˣھˣҲһĬóλ˾ѧѧʶӲӵܡֻҪ͸Щǣλ˾ѴкҪ仯Ļ
˵꣬ϵţһɣⲻǻûŰôʲôܸĵġ죬ҲΪѣֻҪһ㶼ùܣҪ˭ҲԸ⣬ңȥ˵
ϵȰĴ֣顱һӣȵ̵ģôļҾûҪһҾҪһҾͲˣ˭ĻҸ÷䲦Ҳʹ죡
ϽȰϢŭϢŭȻֿڣλ˾һġˣСȴӦˣֻǸλ˾Ҫ鷳ȥк
ϵתŭΪϲʹʹãһͷ͸˵һ
޿κεطԸȡī֣ϵȴ֪Ҫȡе˭μӹƻԣСȻҪչˣȴҲΪġ
ϵģȻǲμӹƻԵģҶǽͤһ׺ʫǸҶС죡ǺǺǣвŰɣ
ʱһɫѿѾҸҶСŹҪȡΪ˲ɣɰΣЩõص֣ҶС졭ɲİ
ϵص˭˵أǡҲ֪ҼͷӳԴʲôҩҪǻһ˹ʲô취

ҶСӨӨ뿪ӻصǺӨӨС·Сޱĸһ·ϣӨӨƽ໶գһǣʵļҲûʲôҪģʼѧ˼ˡ
ҵͰ鶼ܴʹ˳죬ʱŮ˵ҵӰҲֻǰˡ
ӨӨŮһϲһˣЩص࿼ǣŮУǴսʤСⲢζԽҪٵȫԡҲ룬δһĵôԣֻν⡣
С·Ĺ۲ӨӨ飬СޱӨӨƺء
Сޱ̿صôܣӨӨ¶
С·ҡҡͷǻ᳤ģҿ£һȥ
ӨӨصԼס԰һǧϣһûһµӣҧ´
С·ߵߣסǧӨӨ̧ͷһۣͷС·ӨӨʲô£˵˵
ӨӨҡҡͷû˵С·Ƶǰӣһ˫۾˲Ҳ˲ضְΣӨӨ̲ס˵С硭ǡ̵ء
С·ụ̈е졭
ӨӨҶСܵĹ̵ζС·˵һ飬С·Ȼɴ۾ʮꣿ˵ʮ꣬͵뿪㣬ɽȥǺͳʲô𣿡
꣡
ӨӨϽ¿ССôһˣһ취ġҵͲͬҸһ֪¡ҿɵõĽòŶ˵ģǧҪ˵ȥ
С·æͷţףףһ˵ȥġ
һʱ֮оͷһСޱɴ۾ʲôʮ꣬ôԣʮӨӨʮѽѵҪΪػˣ
С·Ͻ꣡СӨӨһĶתⲻɣĥ¶δؾûнİ취ҿɵõĽòŶ˵ģǧҪ˵ȥ
Сޱæͷţףףһ˵ȥġ
ʱ֮󣬼ɽУСޱüضӨӨĸߵŮС߿Ҳ֪ҺС·ҪӨӨһ˵ġǸһʮҪҡʱҸôأ
СޱСӨӨȻûȵģҺôҲСùһ͹ίˣֻܸʮޣͱûš
Сɴһ˫۾صŶʮꡢţһ֣һ˲Ÿˡ
Сޱ̾ص˭˵أӨӨ۶֪ˣϲӨӨ˵һ취Ҳ֪ǲġȣһһɡˣҿɵõĽòŶ˵ģǧҪ˵ȥ
Сæͷţףףһ˵ȥġ
ʱ֮ķĴѾеСӣСѩСɴ۾СɫͼӴ׵ĽҶСʮҪҡ飬С˵ˣֶҿɵõĽòŶ˵ģǿǧҪ˵ȥѽ
СӣСѩССƵĵͷףףһ˵ȥġ
ʱ֮ķ֪ˣţүӺ͸ոջظӸϵҲ֪ˡ
ɴˣڳӨӨѧõĵһΣŮˣزסܵģ


10 һ֦ӳǽ
֪ҶСǹƽߣүӴʧɫٿ˼顣
ʵμӻ˳үӾֻӨӨĸ׺ĸףЩֵǶؼ΢Сıӣ֪ϢΨһİ취ǰҶСʬʬ벻񣬴²㣬ࡣ
ķü΢صô˵
ϵ˵˳Ȼʲô󸾲󸾵ĶҪӨӨôʲôݶı䲻˱ʵ
үӵϻ軹֪ǹƽߡҪ˼֪ҶСǹƽߣʮ͵ӣסɽȥҰŲô˵أ˼ӨӨôӨӨػѡ
ķӦǰ˵ĶԣǵǷֿһǷֿˣȻ͵ˡ
ϵΪѵصӨӨǺӱݹˣҲڵĻ˵
ķȻһβˣǵˣҲðǷֿҪȻǹйŮһ˵ᷢʲôʱɾͻ֮ӡ
үӳɵ⵹ڰɣҶС첻һλˮǧӾݵͭô˳ϦദôãҲδַŮӵף˵ƷǺõġ
ķ˵ˮķʲôѦҲͲᷴһˡҵҶСǳһֻ¾Ͳôˡһһѽ
ϵһԣ¹ӨӨڣ¿áҪϴӨӨغɣ͵ߣڿ
үһһؾźӣüͷѾͷϸô
ϵ˿ӣķ˳ǾͰߣ
үҡҡͷףѾͷҪǿĨĿôˣ
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үͻȻһĴȵˣٺ٣˵財أҪ
ϵķүմմϲصӨӨ⺢ͦТ˳ģϢһߡ

ӨӨסķߵѾСŻŵ԰мСޱ˵СޱѾ֪ҶСǹƽˣүӺ̫ү취ء
СޱһҲǸ˵ˣǧ򲻿Ը˽ô֪ģ
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С·߾ŵصҪȥҶ˵һɣǶı˵а취
ӨӨ˫һԣС磬ȥС磡

ǽͷС·Сޱ޺ѴҴҴۣͷӨӨǽͷӨӨС·ĲϣһӼǽͷΡΡǽͷ۶¸߰Ҳǿҡ
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ӨӨŤͷһԭŵ²һͷɢؤŵӨӨһææԲ𣬶Բ𡣡
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˱үӿûߣæӵ񣬵̫үүӡˡ
ķ˼ʵʲôӨӨأ
С·СޱһۣԥŲϿڡ
ϵǵ˵
С·Сޱ˫ϥһعȥͷǲ˵
үӴŭʣΪϷ򲻸Ҵô
үȰĴ־ûǵͷȥСޱͻȻ̧ͷ¸ҵصӴӱ͵ĸĵһķԸһֻӨӨСĻֻӨӨС㣡ӲСģ
үӴڿУŭ㡭ǡ
ķ˿С·Ƕ¸ǽɫٿȻһ䣬ѿڵӨӨǽˣ
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ү䣬һӰһ˫׼ȷزĶϣүȵ˫һ̣һ۾ͷ˰ס
үӼܳ·ȵιҪģλĸˡ
ү㣬һһϵصһҲ˵үӼ㵹ǿ˵˵Ϸͣ
ү˫һҪ³֣һӰһ˫ŲĶƤϣϵһʵӨӨأȥĶȥˣ
ү˷۾ϵ˹ȥ


11 췹
ϵߺóѱĨĨ֪ٻصͷβĥÿһ֣һݡһÿһιĨűһνһȡ֮׺
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ҵӦе֮ûпҲˣȻƾʵɱ롰ǿ治ĨȥȻǻһй¶ϢƱؿҡԣ첮ĵϻ˸Ȧֶסʣµĸ֡
ĸ˶ȨޱͨˣðΣѡһֲ̫ˣñһԾŵ㣬㱻˷
ڱĨȥϱһһд¡ҶС족֣ѱɽһ飬ڹñϳ³һ
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˼ΣӵĿԺȥոԡѱϣһϮۣ٣빤衣
⹤裬ˮ𡢳֮Уˮ𶼽һ֣ˮ𡣴õˮСȥɽȪˮϺõ魺̿յģС¯ϼһֻ͹ӵɰ
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һӣ˵йоأξʣȡоȴҲӦȣȻⲢҪҪǡҾŹǱ
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¶һ˿Ц⣬ıΪˣһ˹٣㻹ͱ¦ӣʱ򣬻˭ܾ
˵ɿɨһ۴ȵ飬ΩֱԼıԵԭѹɤ˵ãȡоˣ㰲ȥΪ١
ذ˾ٲŲ⾰ҵúܣǳĻҲԸͷοһͷ࣬Ƕǳ¶г͢ʱҲѴ֮Ц֮ͽʳˡ
ȿɲⷬߵĻ벻ԭŸյдݣȻмģѻϪ֮ҶСļҴСķ½Ծǰ˼⡣

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ӨӨԥشȻԥһ£Իʵô󣿡


12 
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ҶС챻覵Ŀ⿴ţȻԼü۵صǰǡǵһ˯ޡ

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ӨӨ๫˵չԼǴӣ߾תȥ׼˯ˣ
ҶСһʱĿɿڴ


13 һ
ҶСǶǰһᡣһӨӨƺоҶСڱ̲סɬʵ๫ô˯
ҶСɰͰ͵ش˯š
ӨӨŶ˵˵ɡӨӨתһſ۾һС;ȵرOͣô˰ӨӨɿر۾Ҫô죿
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ҶСЦԷǵصֲǹţ㲻£һģ㡭ŲŲ
ӨӨذӲҶСһо쳣ӨӨһôһһ˵ģֱӴٶȴӨӨͷ˴
ҶС˫ֳڴϣѾ΢΢ЩˣϢݣ·һͷŭĹţܻصӨӨ˵˲ġôŲ㡭
ӨӨصŶ
һ˵ɱƣҶСһͷ̱ڴϣһˡӨӨƺҲ֪Լ£ǸεضҶС๫ôˣ
ҶСصѪˡ
ӨӨеѪˣ
ҶСصѪѪˣҵ󡭡컮ƹոΪ̫͡
ӨӨص๫ǡ
ҶС촹ͷɥصϸһ£ˣ㻹Сأ㳤Щ˵ɡ
ӨӨĵص
ҶСû
ӨӨίص㿴ø˵ˣһˡ
ҶСɰͰ͵صûֻ۵ġ
ӨӨҧҧ๫Ҫһһˡ
ҶСһ£治ˣ
ӨӨ󼴽̳Ƶʿ׳ص˵ͷţˡ
ҶСϲһµȰϵƴһ£һԾ꣬ٶ󡭡
ۣۺۣˡ
ӨӨñŽԾؿСʹҶС죺๫ô
ҶСصҵȳˣѽˡ
ӨӨһ˫˵Ĵ۾һ޹ؿ
飬װϣӨӨ繭˯ҶС쳹ҹߣֱֱۣؿʵףһꡣ
Ϊ̫ˣӨӨĹ£ҶСֳԹΣÿһζȡոճȾٶȷˣֻܷһˮСײ˶ʢӶ˵ǰˣҶСͷȴж
ӨӨӨӨ۾ȻҶСߣᡰһʱͷȻһԵ㡣
ڴһƬ¶ûҶСŨŨʧУİ˯һޣ˵ʹһȫͬ壬ƺһҹ֮ͳˡ
ӨӨˣ
ҶСոתӨӨߵñס˷̵˵ҹҶС첻ļԴһΣɱϾԣйܽӴӨӨȻͺ
ûôô˼ô
ҶСɲŮôӵ˼ģǺǺЦɿһӨӨϸǹˣȥ֮ͶѾޣ˵ܻŪȥͲǷֿˡ
ӨӨ±ӣ¶Ǻ˵Сһ˫۾˵ţضҶС˼ұѾˣ
ⷬĻҶСжӯҪҹ˳ǲɣɶ񡭡һɫ˶ͬһޣȻǴ¶Ҫ˵ȥöඪˡôõٷô
һ磬ҶС˷ʱƹһζЦЦҶСò顣뿪Դջ·ϣ˭ҪǶ࿴ۣҶС춼òСӨӨôĹԱߣǵرĶࡣҶСֻӲͷƤ֮
ʱǰѾˣΪһҪ˰ˣŴϲǮˣҲͭڰ¶š
һſˣŽͰŰ߳ذѰǽϣԸϵֳĿǰȥһʱ俴ûԼ֡
ǼŴֽϣдű¼ȡʮԼǵļסۼıϲ˳׼һ֣µַҲƵܿˡ
ҶСûǹԼбȡеĿܣԲǰӨӨϻԼסĵطûƿԺŶһϲ˱ҲƵⱨϲͨһһģǸȻõǮҲࡣ
ϲΪ˰θͷܵһǰˣһ߷ܣһͭ࣬һڹݷҶСоˣоˣ
ҶС鵨ӵʱټܵͭ࣬һҶС̫׵ĵһ֮µʱͻˣҶСתһѾס죬߳ŭص˵˭ˣ
˸߲ҵصҶСҶӲˣ
ҶСŭôˣ˵ôͲˣ
Ҷӣѽ
Լһ⣬ϽЦСʧԣСʧԣ˲С˹֡Ҷӣоˣϲүϲүо˰


14 һ
ҶСɿ죬ãȻң˾ˣ
Цݿصǰоүϲϲ
ʱԺԺš֨ѽһˣë̽ͷϲ磬ɻˣ
ëǻδˣһֱֻļ򣬽Աһ¶ϵĴ
ҶСһȻҹӨӨûгɾͺ£ǶȻ˼ҹϵҶС컹鲻ԽЩ飬ӨӨ˸Ҳһѿڽе
ϵصغһҶССӣҹҵġ
û˵꣬ǱϲΪҶСıҳѾ嵽ǰۡһ࣬ϲүӣϲүӣСӸоˣӴ˸߹ٵ࣬λ˳ҫ棬ĺ࣬κ͡
ϵڲ֪Ůȥ㵣һҹ£ҶСסһҹû˯˿˸ϲƵһֻͨͷ綷æӻһӣŵͭһȵȥȥȥݵ룡
Ǳϲ֪ʹͣȴû뵽ȻôһʹͣţֱϲĻŭţæӦţӱһ̶ȥˡ
ϵҶССӣҹҹŮȥ

ҶСɵۣ˵ѸӨӨºϵ⣬Ŀڡ
ʱϵߺӿһȺķ˺һȺļֵܣǻƷɱңңЩ˶ӿˣż˫̵ۣشԺ
С磡
ңңƷɱڻһҶС죬˸߲ҵкҶС֣ϵŭ㻰أ
˵
ӨӨһѳҶС죬Ĺĵվ˵ǰ̧ͦͷ˫ֲݵصҸСҹѾóףڣѾŮ

ӨӨһ仰ƽһףϵһļֵܾĿɿڴķŵˣæӨӨ˵
ӨӨֱ׳صû˵С磬˵˼ǲŮˣ
ҶС컹û˵ķѾһѳסӨӨԺӣһȥˡϵͷŭϻ˫־סҶС죬ʶŮʲô˵˵
ۣۣ
һͭʱ𣬾ͼһЦؼȺҶСҶӵסɣϲϲ֪λҶӣо
û˵꣬ϵʹӻһҵͭϣȵ֪߿ϷмҪ
ǱϲһϵͷסݴһֻϵҶС졣Ҫ˵˾˵δؾˣϰʮҲеģⱨϲ˵˾棬ֻòϵ͵ľʵټ
Ǳϲټһлﻹ룬æصл뿪ϲҲʡ˵ˡ
ҶС⹦һ˼¶ĵҺӨӨѾޣͲҪֹһˣ
㣡
ϵŭȰĴ־ҶСܹܡϵƲôһŮŮѾСӳɾͺ£µȥ֣
ϵһҶС죬Ѹһߴ£ѹɤţҧгݵص쵰ʮҪɽߣŮΪػѲɣ
ҶСϲӨӨڹǼ£ģжʮʱ䣬һ뵽һƵĽ취ӨӨֿġ
ϵЦǹƽ̴ǧĽ̹棬ʲô취
ҶСصƽ̴ǧĽֲֻ̹һûһ߿ңʱʮ꣬ҾˣһΣڶΣˣҰɣѵҾԶɽʮʱ䣬ôҲһ취ġ
ңңͷӾҶС첻ţɼƷɸ磬ȥС磬ͷ۸ء
ƷҡҡͷЦ£ֻԽԽæԼɣ
֣ļֵܲƷŭĿӣƷ޿֣Ҳ⡣ϵҲǣҲǣ޺޵صҶС죬ĵʵ㡭ӨӨ˷ޣ
ҶС˵ͷǣ
ˣϵ޺޵ɿ֣˴ԼĶͷʱֻۡһͭ죺ϲҶӣϲҶӣҶо
һϲ˸ϵǰһſôˣֻǰϲģ֪ϲ˸ǰͷͷòˣǿ˱ϲ
һļֵܲүӷ𣬾һӶ˹ȥȵ֪ˣ߿
ллүллүǱϲ־ϲæʰ˿ȥ
ϵ״ҶСо˵£ʵκ֪Ķ簡ⱾȥҪ
ҲǼүʲôаҪȥǶҶСһݻɺãҶСľ˹ģԼıŮȥҶСʦɣôһѾҶС츶ϲǮˣѵļϱǷʲô
ϵѣķ˺Ȼ첽Ժյߵ˼䣬ϵ˫Ŀһţ־ϲ̧ͷ˵ģ
ķǺЦ˵ͷϵҶСһۣСӾƭңСӻӣҪȻߣ
ҶСĪӨӨԴԺ߳ߵҶСߣͷɥصС磬ԲҡҲѣ׳ʵ
ҶСĵʲôʵǰҹҲ׳˰ɣ
ҶС͵͵һǷ̴׼ĸǺЦһɣӦֻȷӨӨǴӣҹ࣬ҶСͷһɣ£涪ˡ
ʱ򣬲ԶСۡͭһļֵʶؾȥӣŤͷһӲûˣͼһϺǣֻһһࡣ
ļֵŭˣﲻȥ˶ĵطܵʲô
ˣ֧ҿ˾ͦ࡭
ļֵܻ˻ȭͷȵϸҹȻҪÿ
ˣļ׺ݣ£Ͻǣ˺߿
ϵŮֿҶС죬Щ֪ˡŮҶС˷ޣȻ˿֪βɢһԶļûŮӣ̶ܽӵľһѣܽŮľ顭˳Źţʵڲġ
ķ˼״ŮһߣȰŮﶼ㣬Ψ²У°
ӨӨϲС磡
ķ˵ѵΪã룬ʮʱһת۾͹ȥˣʱɽһӣǺεȵļįܳӲֻ֪һʱϣֻҪ侲Ͳôˡ
ӨӨ˵ĺʲô侲Ǳôǰ˵ŮҪһء
ŤͷҶС죬նصԶĵģ
㡭
ۼŮִԲķ룺⺢۶ֻȰڿؼȥȰתˡɷĵݵһɫ


15 ݱ
үӣˣԭ
һͲһļҼҶõϵ⣬װһմӺԶĵطӣضϵүӣ̫үԸСͷˣ˵زүϽȥء
ôôˣ
ϵʧɫ״װģѯʣӨӨһѾǰ˵ز
ǼҶæͷǣС㡣ϼ̫үүӸϽȥ˵һҪСҲȥһˣزԣ֮лһֱء
ӨӨȦˢһ¾ͺˣѣεص뿪ʱڻúöģôͲءǿغɡ
ҶСԹۣа룺ļλˣôôɣǲΪڿŮһưɣӦòɣԼЦġ
Ȼ򣬼ȱܶ϶ļλϷز¾ųɾǼٵģһҲָ֮ܲһĿģҪǧָˣʱֳֻܱĬ
ӨӨȦתҶСС磬ҡ
ҶС׵ףշȻȥ˼ҡšҪһȥ
ӨӨȻۣ
ϵüͷһ壬ûԾܾһҶ˿סڴ˴ô
ֻһϲģܲͷŤȥȴһñվ·߸ѯš
ҶСǰʵ˾ҶС죬ȴ֪λкָ̣
æֻ񣬵ԭҶ˵棬Сʧˡʹʹλϴճʱ̣ڲʹټƾˣҶĪ˲μʱ
ҶСһæֵˣ
ǲʩһתȥҶСıӰЩӨӨףȻߵߣ๫о٣Ǵ£Ȼ˾ٽӼ๫ڹɣһȥ̽ڣںһЩұѰ㡣
ҶСԼ๫ͷһȣס֣ͷ
๫
ӨӨֹȻ棬ʵҲЩǼڿðգζûȥһ̤ʵǵ߲˻ȥ
ֻǽһҶС֣ģһһ㣡
ţ
ҶСü΢΢ҲģΣҶ㣡۷ʲô£ҶȢ㣡ҵģһҪңֻܹң
仰ҶС˵ǳϵüͷ壬ķü֮䵹ӹһ˿Ȼ˭ϣԼŮƱغǻţҶСʹֻжʮ곾Եķ˵Ů
ţ
ӨӨҶСĻģлоӨỨ˸ȴһЦͷߵҲãԺ󡭡һŬӡ
ҶС΢ЦܺãԼͺã˭Ƕһ޶أ
ӨӨҧҧֵʲôʣһĻһЩԡкʵŮӣ檡
ҶСüͷһҡ
ӨӨֵĵ۾ǣֻ׼һ
һ·ʱҶСѾӨӨ͹ԼȢӵĿԣӨӨȻ״ڽӴһˡһҪ֮£Ƿ·һҹ֮࣬ҲǵȥǼ٣뿪һ׵£
˲ΪΨһҲ۰ŮƱҪźҩֱȬܷ뿪
Ǽ˳ƭȥȻ뿪ҪЩ¿ҲҪһʱ䡣ټҹɾǸΣԲⷬ
ҶСЦҡ
ӨӨŵôˣǴ󸾣˵㣡
ҶСֱ͡ӨӨУҲ߿ţɲȥ黨ǲݣ˵¥ҪѧЩ岮ֵܣҾ͡ҾͷԶң
ӨӨ˵ż⣬ҲܵôֳߣչȥҶСļһǣתܿ
ϵҲ֪СŮһ˽ЩʲôֻŮһǣһʱͺˣһŮŴߣ
ҶС츧գӨӨֵǴӵŽнԶƺܸܵ˫һζ룬һ̳ƣҲˡ

ڶ峿೽ʱ̻磬ʮӱϵ˹ݲʹ˾ſڶƽԪͿ֣ھһΧߣͿԪϲͿԪһȿ޻ѿЦݣһһ
⣬ԭ֮أһةĹְûʿҲֲȥڹȴΪطƶ񤣬ѳʱʱĻҪǷٺ»˾үûĸʿԸ⵽ֵط١
ڵص͢Ҳذ죬ܶԱǴӱʡֱѡΣΪһʡĽԪʡԵĵһͲܾ͵ְˣһᱻ͵ʦμӻԿʿġ
ǾǱݽԪһõȫΧڣǸһЩѧǾǳɼ͸ͲˡһʡԪ̲ʡʵݹٶȥʦƱҪɽͿԪθ˵
첮ùͿԪϲһŤͷǡÿҶС촩һϮۣëǵͬ
ǵðݼʡʹҶСûңңͺ߹ţ»Ʒڼҿǣֻëǳ첮һҶС죬ӭȥƤЦⲻЦصҶ֣ϲ
ҶСһۣҶĳʮֿ꣬ɲҵͱ׽ˡ
첮ĲΪ裬һЦǰᰡǺðᣬֿΣԲܱϺļҵĴȣҪȻڣɵıһ˹أ
ҶС¿ۣص±ǽ˳ҩɣֻںصʱ򣬾ͱ˴ӣô˵˵
Һ˵˵첮ļھӶΧ֣ͬǰҶС춪øˣ˵ûϺļҵĴСӨӨ
ҶСͷûӨӨãʲô¶ˣ
첮ĵļңа˴գĴС˾үҵǧǿļҵİƾνѧʸˣ
ҶСʱסˣ˰Σ̽ʵ˵ļңа˴յ˾
첮ؿЦЩЩص㲻ߴң֪ĴСʵݰɣ
ҶСԼĶͷ˴գļҡ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶСб˸жû뵽ĿеǸǿΪĳ峤ŮӨӨȻ߹ĳȻչһһλŹŮ


16 Ц񻰣
ҶС֪չʱܳʱϲӨӨȻȥ׷չҴС㣬ŮӢһҲϧ˴ۣûܹûʸֲƶ첮ģӨӨȻ롣
ȴû뵽ӨӨȻҲͬһ߹Ůӣ֮䣬ӨӨݵĿģȷʵ֪ӨӨݣӨӨǰֵŶԵ
첮ļҶСֻԼ˵ƿˣдп⣬Цôû˵ˣ
ҶСȻ첮ĳһҾ֣صصлл㣡
첮ֵصлʲô
ҶСصлл£Ҳ֪ӨӨжá
첮һãȻȫҶС˵ʲô
ֶһŸߵ¥ĵط¥ǶһЩҵδ಻͡һ̻Ի͵ľ¥¥ϣһСλ˶ֻż򵥵ĲȺһϾơ
λһߴͣһӺݣһͬģǹ֮䣬һ磬ȻǾþλȻȻ¶ʣԼ׾ͱע⵽ǵĲͬѰ
¥ݿڣͨʳܹ¥ע⵽һλߴ͵ˣǿˣעȴһתλӺĵߡ
ȻλǸĿࡢԻһ͵İ׷ǰԵЩ¶ϣȴԨ֮֮ͣţǸ߸˲ɽֹĸо
ߣǰͷϺ갲άү¡
үԶԶŶſڵΣü΢΢һ壬ǸСӻƭҵıŮҺ޲ðƤϼһƫҪһ˹ұһȴۿȥһССʷҲֲ
ά΢Цʮ֮ĩһӰε̫ߣ˲ĿǶǺ¡˵º粨ն񣬳ǰδߵ󡣡
үüѵû˵Ӧ㰲Ųݰ짵ĶԶȥأټ첮ȥôӦǸҰȴЩϼһҲʰ·磬˾ٱȻ⡣ǶС޶Ҳʲôʡ͵ĵƣ첮ĺҶСԹҶС챻ǯţʲô
άЦǺǺǣѽǹŮô
үɫһҿɲϣҵĹŮ޹ȥû͵ػѣܣ
άЦصãСŮ£ǲ̸㵣ԿΪ㲻֪ǰںظɹʲô£ٺ٣һٵʷܸɵɫлʵĹԿ
үɵʲôټ٣ϼһŪʲô飿
άݸֻҪ֪ǸСճëȺӶˡ

үӲмһۣȻЦ쿴еֻӣڸǰ˴ˡƢﾫﾫģҿͷ¿ӻࡣ
ά⿴һۣԶԶؿ壬ǶֵǸȷʵҶСɣֻǲ֪һŵĸ
үֲ֧صƢô𱬵ҲﾫǰͤѴ޴˸ѪͷӴŵ˰ʹǲˣþ˾Ȼڲʹſڶ֣һ׼ﲼʹ
˾һƱĶָʹ˾ߣλˣڻºڳʲôֻȳ׵Ǹˣ
άһƱССһڣ΢Ц¿ǲ칬ģӡԣ

ǰҶС쾾л죬žžĶ⡣
ëǽл磬˫£סѲãµѽѽǸɶлú˵£̰ҶǾˣơư
л챻ˣҪƣ㱧ôʲô֪ëǾƫܣĹûУΪҶСƵģˡ
ˣһ٣ٶﱾˣ㵱ʣʹ򲻵ˣҶĳ˿оˣܾ˵ģ
ҶСţҲţǲʹټƾӵĴӣ򱾾ͷϿʺӣڴҶĳ˵ڴʹ˵˵
Ϊܵңˣ˭˸ҳ˵ĭˣ㲻ñ˻ṷô
ҶСл磬ȴǹ͸첮Ϊ첮лԼѿġ첮Ķ˼죬˼ɲʹͰʹλټڼڸǰֳʹɢˣ˭֪лͻȻ˳
лһ͵ھ˵棬µؿҶСᵶᰮŤʵӴ룬˵ʲôŮ֪ܵСһĻѿڶˡ
ҶСһʼû¶ֻЦţţҲ֪ľʶۣͻȻʹ𣬳ȥһǡڡлһֲ
ëһ綯֣ܹȥһžͰл§˸ʵʵȻͿʼϵءȰܡ
첮һܻصҶС죬̫ˣʹǰȻ˹ġ
ҶСˣǼˣҲǸˣ˹ģǽƾˣɲʹͰʹټȻܵң˭˹ģ
ҶСǺ͸л磬ˮ֣ȻѦĸ˴ãлȴҲƲãǿĳӲ˲ɢܲޡ
ߣӨӨˮ豻лѪ¶ˮһڶּлܵʹſڶ³ɺޣܲա
첮ıҶСʵҶСһ첮ġлȷǱȴ첮ģء
ؽαҶСӣѾһЩ֪˴ΪЦǹݵһʦͬŶйϵͿơۺ͵λҶСܲޣ
֪ݲʹԸл棬ڲʹǰҶСһǵýӶ񣬾㲻ĹҲֹøʲ˵ʲôʹ̲ͽ˹
ͤǰҶС˵˫ԶҲ׷ǰȰǼھֵò񻰣˷ҲƵܽʹ˱Ѷȥˣ˱ǰҶСлӲֿ
лǱزŴǵѪҶСŭҶģ㲻ҪΪ˸֦ͿΪΪãӦˬΪӯ˲Ӧ챨Ӧ㲻к³ģ
ҶСݺݵص٣ǲȱƢãûУҪٲ֪ôܻҵ̰ˮҼһδһΣҼסˣ
첮ĳЦߣ̰ĽŮɫǿޣ°ܻһ˹׷ſ֣߳ŭˣһ˹ɨصľ˰һЦ
ҶСؿһۣȻЦģҶĳ˽еһЦȴضеһ񻰣


17 ˳
ҶС仰ƺеԲѣҪǺƤݣҲ㴵ꡣ˵ƽݶᣬҲ˽ɽŷνƽ̾ΪĹ˵ʵ̸жྴηǴǰ뿪ǵһСС䣬ӵʮ㲻һأ
ʹʹŸոոϵã˿벼ʹȲ졣λ⽮Сԭ򣬳ż罻ʵĳϣһڹǰᵽԷŰݷá
첻ͬűʡѧ¼ȡģЩ¼ȡľǲҲãǳΪطʿҪͲʹŴ򽻵νӼ˱Ȼһ档
̲شŹǻһۺȻܽүſڶˡ
һɫͳոջҫ¼ȡЩѧʶԨθУЩ˳Ϊطֻʿ𣬽ڽԷ룬ⲻǴô
ǽĵ̣ȻŭȴҲ÷ֻǲĿΪһһ⻰ʱãˮصǺι
۵үжӵүȻλָ︮һλҶСľӻռδӣŮӵĸףŮĸŮʧ͡ҶС첪ȻŭȥסһȭߣиĸߴĸҲһ֣ھӽȰ
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Ƥ΢΢һɨһۣΪƽĹУᵽˣƼоҶС죬ҲѾ׼˵ġ
֪ļΪҶСҪ˹ǸĿģĿıһֻ¶ֲΪƾӵĿ٣мȨģΪǿƽ˾ĹᵽҶСԸҡȡְڴ򿪺ؾ档
һۣЦЦصˣҶС컹˵Ըҡȡ
΢΢һȣһصͤϣҶСţȵ£Ҳ˵ˡǺǣǻЩܲηǿȨ˵˿ɱһصĸʺפذ
˵ţѲ֪жڣ֪ҶСֳαضټҶСأλΪ˷ҲЩ˾үǵʡ죬ҶСôһ֣֮£ҶСĻл٣ɺãȴΪԡ
ⷬͷȴ΢΢һس࣬ز㣬мλϰϣܴ򿪾棬ǿ͢Թݵƿ
˭֪˹ݣŷû˾үǵͷ˸ţ˸ҲǷֽһţֻø׵ͷЩ˾ЭԻȡǵֻ֧֣ǿά־棬ԺΪ
λ˾أֱ˱ս͢ϳƽϢսң˳ưλ˾Ϊأ٣Ϊ͢ȡһֱɳ͢Ƶǳмλϵĵ֮
ȻѾ࣬λڹ˵Ҫ֮أɲڳ͢УΪѲ֪ܵǵܺ
ӦѲݰ֮Զ嵽أ첮İ嵽أȻǹݵ˾Ѿعζѳ̽͢ݵġֻ֡°ѺԼС
ˣŲɫذҵҪӦǶλ˾һһλ˾ʵԼƺ⡣
ðҶС˵ǺļڶĳȥľƱϼңԽԽãˣ͢źȡ
뵽΢΢һЦܲΪѪҲûˡĳ˵ҶСչһѾ˽ۣ︮ǣ½ˣô򣡡
˵գ۵ȥҲصȵʱˣͽǽɡ
һаɣôŹˣɲǽԸ񰡡ϼһڴʲô⣿

лճ׵ػص︮Լסߣ⸱ǱɲøЩǿ
ʵҲ֪״ĶĶҶС죬˿νһļϡ
л籾ŲҶСۣ¶ԽԽڣҶС첻˾ô˵ļ˵ҲҶСɾͼɵһˡԼ׶׵ĽޣҪҲζŸġ˭֪ҶС쾹¿ģһԲ־ʹҲжô
лԼסȥŪЩ׻ҩ棬ͻȻһл磡
лһһһŤͷͼһٻӰõڽϣͷһǳ¶գֻܿԲİ°ͣŮ
л˫ϥһȥͷС㡣
ŽŲһǰȹѾǰѥ¶ͷô£
л֧ûôǣȻһЦؽһʲô
лһˣС㶼֪ˡ
л缱æԶأСˡС֪ˣ
ص˼£ͿʼˣҪˣ︮ˣȥΪѣ˻Ϊֻ˽˶Թǳҵ⣿
лһ粻ԣɸС㣬Сˡ
ǰȹһȵӰȻԶȥֻһ߰ɣӴٲ֮︮ˣ
л󾪣ϥС㣬С˰ǰķϣˡСһΡ
лһ˵һߵͷ˰λ˵̧ͷһﻹСӰֻΧ︮ūˣͬ۹⿴
лشС㣡
л̲ģֱͦͦعڵϲƬ֮︮ڹܼҺӱһߣ˵л磬СҲЩͣģ߰ɡ
л缱ææڴСǰΪԼ䣬Сת⣬Ĵлûݲ
̾СƢ㲻֪ҪĻˡ
ǼͽһлߣӻһɨԼҶȥ˵ﳤȥлԶȥıӰһƬ
лʧǵ뿪︮︮ǰճãģŰ뿪Ѱһҳꡣ︮ǻ˭ҿΨ֮ƣҲֻлͭȥˡ
ҶС죡
лһªųΪŷĳ𺦵Լϳ︮ʼٸߣɵҧгݡ
Ȼ䣬С͵İӦвٽǰѾûˣǮһЩȥõأҲɹС
л򿪰ط֣һʽȻһţл缱æչһһ˿ϲʱüңæҿˣǷʸУ¶һ˿Цݡ


18 а
˾˾˾ٴţؽӼ¿ƾǣοһִӴͬ뿪ãЧʿڿνֵķʽ羰ʤݿʦνޡ
ֹգʹű㷢¹Խƾǵǰһһ˰ţʹŵĹʮӵ˻ϲǡ
ʮʮһ˾͵ذãڹ˾˾լСլָΪ١
ʱֻ˾ʱֻ֮Ǵְϱ͢õʵģȻ·ʽĳ͢١
ּС٣ټϹݵΣϳʻʵĲ߹֮ǰûй׼Եõ˾ŵǼǰ϶ĳ͢ˡ
ʣʮУͿͿԪͽǣ׼μȫˣ˵ĻнʿõһƽƵĴƱǿ⵹ùʮа˾޹ء
⻹а˱͹Ӽ࣬ͬǽǱͿԪ˶ˡ
Ӽļһ֣һſȥģΪࣻڶǸ߹ӵܳи渣ѧΪࣻ־һԾѧģΪټࡣǾ
ǰּ棬б·ӼΨһĿľǶƽǵǰʵͰźˡѧĽǣӹӼҵ֮һҲܵõһš
ĹͲܵõһˣӹӼҵŪֻƴƴʦƴϵھѧϾΪҪȽҫĹٵϣ
ʮûаŵʮˣ·׼Ĺģǻ磬Ȼ˶ȴҲ˰⸳ҫ
ʮעĿˣһ첮ģһԶһǻҶС죬˶ŵΪˡ
첮ĽԭةΨĹְԶΪةҶСΪصʷ
У첮ǰƷ٣Ծ˵ֱܹΪһةΪ͢ƷȵĹԱ൱ĽˡԵĳɼȷҲ
ԶҶСǲĹ٣ҲǾƷ£˶ٺʯ˵ĹְȽ⣬һ㲻ĹǲҪ͢ģɵطٸֱһ¾ͺá
ǵʷиر֮ةȱʱְɵʷΣһ͵ةƷȵĹԱԤ٣˵ʷҲѡʵǩ䲻Ҳ١͢Ĺ١
ةأƹվ̡ӭ֮£ͬڲС٣ǺΪڹ·ˣǹͨϱΨһͨҪ֮ڣةԭЩӭةͬˡ
ة߱;ʡݾ鱨פһĹٱԵصľ޷ȫôٱʳҪ͢
ʮפÿÿ³˴ӵԸ֣͢ٶⲹʯôһʮʯһͨ·䣬һ־͵ͨ͡
վڴ˹Ҫ𱣹ʡʡάβνء⻹гޡս¡ѥӦλãȻ⡣
ս˵صشҪʱж̣ةʷҪְȱҪ϶ԱԼǿص
ԵɣȻֻ֪ЩԵ֪ҶС첮Ĳ͵İնԴ˽ֵζ˵˺һǲ෹һ̸ʡ

ڣ짺ĶԶվӦǰ
ӦȻҲܾ벥ݣ͵ûȥˡԶȥأֻһҪҪͨص·Сһ뿪ȥְҲҪ֤ĶĿ㣬ؼʱǷã
Զصǣְˣ
Ӧ΢΢һ£ֵУְͬģ첮ĺҶСˡ첮ҵˣҪСҶС죬㲻Ľύһ¡
Զ΢΢Щ죬ĵ첮ҵˣҶС첻ļҵô˵о٣ȫļҴг˴ôȴҪͬãѵļѾͬ˾˵޽Լ
Զ֪ҶСݣ֪ңңӦŮûӦײݰҲ͸¶ܣɻ󡣲ԶҶʣֻǴ״Ӧ
Ӧ΢΢һЦǣһʯȹٸĸŮӴ橵߳Ӧӯӯһ
Ӧһù򣬿һ֮ȥأͬУӡʲôԸͨ崫㡣ҪͬЭܷҪУȫˡ
ǣ
ԶǱͬʱֳǡ
Զһԣȸߵλθ˶ϵĵ㣬Գȥز٣һ˶Ūã˶Ĳ

︮첮ͬһ
ɴǳ¶ǹأʵƽǰȥԶ
УаһǿɡɱϵŮкܣ°ͼ⣬һŰƴһ˫۾ŭׯϣ˵ĸоԶǳľӪһٽĿʾ֮ڡ
첮ĵҪֻ¡һѺУڶֹԶֺء£ԭһһ£ǸߣΪةǺصڶѽΣ֪ػֳܣʱռ˴롣
첮ʮصĴȥһ߾ܣСʧ
׵ԶҲǹҲʲôӣֻҪܰѺؼʱ̵ǸһܹҺؾ棬Ĵһ
첮Ĺǣ
΢΢һЦֵҶСڲٰɣ
첮һݣæС㣬ĸ
ص㲻üҽ͡ûйڶûϵ㵽˺أҶСΪʷֱļҹܣΪãƺأһҪģҲ㣬Ҫʱ򣬻ṩһЩ
첮һϲ⣬ԴӻϤл类Сϳ︮ݣٹ˽ãй˽ߣС仰ͿԷˡ
ٳֻһ·ֻ·ˡǸ˲ȵģ͵Ǹ˵ˡ·ǲ˻ǱȣÿԼҪʧ
첮Ĺǣ
뵽ٻغأһ֮£֮ϣɥȮһ뿪ģ첮ĲɵѪţ޲ɵأЩ˺úÿһյķ⡣
һ棬Щʧ䣬Сһǰ⣬򷢵ȥСУվǸһצǲƷ콾Ůζˡ


19 Լ
ʹŰĵڶ죬ھǱ㸰εĸΡϾϾĻ磬ͳͳɢˡ첮ĸͣ㣬װ˺ء
ڵȴʹŰ䲼ý⼸ھǷ׷׻롢֡ʱͬϵͬϵǹٳҪһǼͬͬ꣬ͱԱһ㣬Ժ໥շţһβƵĹϵ
ҶС첢ûܵӵ룬һͳ˳ǰЩȫϵټƢ̸¾ٶҲʵڲˣЩ˸롣
ҪǣѴʿԼЩĹٳжˣ˵»дѹĺۼɻǾԶ֮ĺãٳϵȻҪվȷһҪ¡
ЩһԾţʥ˵ġ֮ҲаγԴΪ˴ȻȻʵ˼Ҳעʵˡ
ҶСҲͬǴ򽻵ûţƳ͹ٳϵĹضججһ֪⣬˵ӵʹŵȷ涨˸ڣϸȥⶩʱ;ѱԤһˡ
ҶСֻ뿪һһ룬ʹҪεʱôҪ˵ûʱȥ·⣬ֻȥƥˣֻ·;ûгӣҪңң͸޶Ӹ·ɾͳ˴⡣
ҶСȻƲػǷֵģͤţڸǰŭл磬غĶ˭ƾһϲãǲеɽ
ȻٸʽΥڣôκδö쾭ģûκɱסʧȥ׵Ĺϵ֪Լҳһ٣֪Ҫж໶ϲôҫĴ£ֻһռֲ֮꣬һƺ쳾µ࣬ܲϣ
ҶСţֳ̾˿ػغȻܿģǶļ䣬뾩֮µĵһѣЩᣬʱôʵԸһˡ
ҶСһ·ţЩᣬ߳ĺĴʱǡӭһ¼˺ȻվסҶСҶ͵ܣ
ҶСֹһϳͬƵľԶͤϣ˵ء첮ĵ˱۵ݣڸǰл˴򣬴ҲȰҶСӡ󲻴
ҶСæֵԭԶ֣ʧʧҶС˵ţԶվλŮӷɿɨһۣĵŮĪԶӣ
ȻԶЦȻҶ͵ܡˣλҶ͵ҵͬ꣬˷ְͬԺͬˡҶ͵ܣ׾Ǳϡ
ҶСæҾСɩˡ
Ǳһ񣬽Ҷֵ񡣡
Ǳ嵱ˮϣһ裬̺輧Ǻֶܶ࣬Ũױ˿ˮܽصģྶͥ
ҶСȻûä֢ȴҲûС治ĺüԣ֮һֱֻаǱδ¶棬ʱʶĸо
ԶҶ͵Ҳ⳵ģ
ҶСЦǣϧ;ˣʹŹ涨ıֽȥƥ
ԶЦȥɽˮӣôԵ綨˳ģΪһߣԽȡȻҶ͵ܲͬС
ҶСæƴǵײף࣬ȴ٣ͬУв㡣˼ҼŮ죬ȥ;˼Ů켷һ˵ԭͬҲǺʧΪҶС쵱ȻҪƴǡ
ԶЦҶ͵ܲؿءҲûϵŮ죬׾ֵܼͬһͺˣ·Ҳи
ҶС
ԶЦҶ͵ܣͲҪҿˡͬ꣬ոͬһְԺٲ˴򽻵ʱ򣬽ն׽׽ԺʲôҲ໥Ӧ
ҶС찵ˣҲã첮ȥ˺أضΪѣѶ·ˣлԶˡ
ԶЦ͵ڴԺȥ쳵һˣҵסһǹһ
ҶСͷӦԶҲҶС飬ȥ
Ǳ巽ųҶСʱл㷣ҶС첢ûϳıˡ
ʵǶΪҶСļҲֺصһöӣҲ϶ҶСԶϸģôϳҲûô˵ģǱûϴѲҵӡҶСȻûϳȻں¡
ǱһתȻҶֵܣȥأپӺְ
ҶСǷЦŶʹίһʷְ֮
Ǳһʷִ˾ǿĺءϧɷֻةӭûϢӪ
ҶС찵üĵΪӣôǰԼɷĲǣԶӣƽڼﶨȻĺˡ
ҶС΢Цɩˣ˵ˣͬةةɲͬһ㡣Ҫ֪ǿǹݵıţؼǶةģȨǼصġɿ𴦵ة仹бԲǲة±а
ǱԭˣǵҸ֮ˡҶֵܿȢӣȥػʲôҾͬô
ҶССδ䣬ȥأֻһ귽Сӣ⻹λֵܡһλߡ
ǱЦ绨ǺüˣСӸͬɣһ·ϿɾͲӼįˡ
˵ţʽǣӴ⳵Ϊ˷󳵳룬̨ҲżҲ޵ÿ
ʽǰ߳ƹԶſڣ˵һлˡһ·˳硱ĿԶҶСһǱ˺ڶԶ˵ַóʽ·ˡ
Զǽ̸Ҳ컰⣬һ·˵˵ЦЦģҶСԽ˵Խţ·ߺȻһߴլԺשܬأ˫ʨţձˣһӦȫ
ҶС⿴һۣ϶֡ĸһ𣬼æʵĸɾǺļڹĸۡ
ԶһĵϾǺĳˣôĸûȴӦ˺ļңĸļҽӴլԺ
ӻУðΣ·ӵļլԺԺǽҶСĸ߸ߵԺǽаٸн뵱Ҵ˵ϱֻýţ˫ĸ˸棬¾ͶˡҸһĸֻͬһʱ䣬ôͲô࣬Ҹϱôأ
ҶСԹ԰һֹ۵ʹܿΪԼһİõɣһˮҴɩôأûзɱ飬ƾлԼҲע¶ĥ
ӨӨǾ͸˵ˣ˼ҿŮһŮȻţɣµķţɳǧܳΪ˵ǸǺεȸ
οŮиĸôֻǴĸﻻ˶ѣȻѶɣֻҪҿģܴȵţ


20 һ˼ζ
ΪݴܹܣλȨصȻҲһϯ֮أڶԺԺס˿ĶԶסš
Ϊ˷ԺǽֵһŻγһиĸ֡
ԶҶСǴ󿪵ԺŶصסΪûߴţҶСֲϤǸҺŵסԲӦլۡԶȻҲһ㡣
ҶСֻԶסĵططȥԶϷߣһҪԾơ
ҶСȴֿǵȥϴβͬȥ٣;ܷߵóԶҸĹϵҪ˼˵ںѾһĻҪĶͷ˾ԣѻǶƣԶˬشӦ
ԶԸðһʢľϯ˶ϯ̸ҲҪ˵˴˵Զֻ˵ǲˣδԳҶСҲܾѣϾʶǳ͸¶̫ࡣ
մʱµĹأۺã֮ڣǲ˵ģ˵ڣضѱ˵¶վǸ鷳Աţ˵ĻǴɽ˾ļᡣ
ԶľãټƱ磬ҶСȰƣ˾ܾҶСҲʽȡκܶһѣԾƵɣʮˬ졣
Ǻȵǻƾƣƺƾ󣬵һʱҶСҵͷؽᣬ˵ʱҲЩӲˡ
Զ״밲ڿͷס£ҶСǶȥĳУȥ̫¼˵ģִܾԶ״ҲҪų뿪
ʱǻƳʱɫ̫ҶСʱ·ԶססķӲǺԶҪлȥϤһ·Զ˺⡣
ԶҶС죬ʱҲЩŲḡˡǽȵǻƾƣվƲͬվһʼһº۾ƾǺ󾢶ܷһǾƾվй֮޲
Զ鸡˼ȻĿһվס˽Ų
ԴϣֳһˣǱ壬ƺڶԾױ欵̬ڴӳһ˵ߡ
Զ뵽˾˴͸Ůˣ뵽գ˵̬ͻ紧һ¯ȥȺֱܵĿˡ
ԶٲǱԷȥƿţǼݻһңȽ𳣬Сɽصһڵĺľ񻨴Ա߻һױ̨һŰ͸ɴ˯۵Ůˣ͹ϸ㣬ҡԶһѪţЩڸ
ǱڶԾжױķѾɢ㷢ɢƣһ˵գ÷·һʢʻԶǱױ̨ϣõվ
һվ̬Ǳ¶ţԶ˵̬Ц̣ᵽϵ㣬ԶԾЦӣҹɫ˯˰ɣ
˵ţԶſ˫ۣǱȥǱֻɵС¹ԱһԶ˸գԶһ΢΢ЩصǱ˾˴͸ҵģ
Ǳ΢΢һƺԶ仰ãվסˡԶٺһЦſ˫һˣһסǱסԼӣԹӣԸҵô
ԶЦǡ롯壩㶥Ǹֱū澣ôңҸΪҺͲĦдʦ֮Ů»ˣŮˣˡ
Զţȴ˾˼Ȼ͸ң㵱ȻҵŮˣӣ̷ķϢ
ǱһЦſ˫۱ס˿صǡ˼ҪǸ㣬˼Һôһ˵ţѾ»ȥȻһסԶ塣
Զһ𣬱㣬ٱĵģһòһʱܡЦӣҵȻõģٺ٣Ͼͻܺúܺá
Զ˵ţǰһգȻһҽУɫͻ䣬͵øֻϺƵģǱ֣֣֡
ǱЦٻӣֻӣңҲյý裬ȴԶ壬ʹɫҰףͷ亹˳
ǱĵЦţḧԶգɾ˼ұȽϱأ˾˷Ը˼ӵͬأ˼Ҳ̷֪ϯѽɾȥʾһ£˾˶׼أ˼һú̷㣬ɡ
Ǳ˵ţȴԽԽԶʹôɫˣһص֣֣Ҳ㡢Ҳˣ
Ǳɿ֣ǸһЦչһ֫ͦţ¶ջķ飬ūҾˣ˯أɾ۲ۣ˼Ϊ°
Ǳ壬欵ĲֻĵèƵĴȥԶֻ̺ˣݺݵӣŮˣԶ˵ţǱ˳ȥ
ǱԳԵЦЦ˰Σ橻صױ̨£žŵ̴桢ջӣɫȻĵص˵Ҫģ㾿ȥأ㡭δˣĿоӨ˸
ҹĹǣƺȰ컹ҪһЩͷˣ·̷ƷҶС촩䣬ŲУһöܼࡣ
ҶСһ󣬾ӿĲЩʱȻ·Գһ¸ǽʡĸڣӨӨ鼤߹ȥ
ţţ
ҶСץͭͣߵŴţͷ
ĸռټһط˴ĸǰڴ˼٣ҶСץͭһͨߵüԶƬ̣˲ͷؽеʲôˣ
ҶСеţҪӨӨ쿪ţ
š֨ѽһˣһĸ˿һ꣬ȵͨ죬ھ˵ͷӲˣֻѰƵһҶЦ˺ôĹĸ£
ҶСһ˽ȥձ߸ߵżͷ˼תͷĹˣصӨӨأҡҾҪغˣҪ
ǼҶһӲɲȻŭȭҪȴǸƵļҶһסǼҶɫֵʵ˵Ҫ˭
ҶСӨӨҪӨӨӨӨ
ǾȭյļҶһʱ̬ȴģæʵҪǼҴС㣿˭
ҶС˸öҡӨӨ๫ҶС죡㡭㲻ʶҡ㡭ļҵĹүҪӨӨȥ
ƵļҶҡҡλΣæסһҶʹɫֶҶСЦصԭҶӰǴС˺ﰡ
ҶСʱסͷҲһЩ԰ӨӨغˣӨӨ
ʱһҶѾҲƵܽ˺լǼҶȥϵģ·ȥļֵܣһ˵ҶСֵܲɴŭǰլ


21 ¿Ů
һֹѸֵն˰ݺϾͶС廢Ͻ̫ӣϽ߸ԱǸǿɽǰţʮ
ϵŵʱѧٵСشԡ߳һ˫Ѳϣëȣϲһëͷɢױ̨ǰһ
˽СѾǰţΪϵߺɳͣͦ
ǰЩүӳ˸⣬թزڿƭӨӨؼҡϵΪ˲ӨӨɣȻҲҪһغһͣظ˻ԭ򣬾ȻΪҶС졣
ͷϺ갲άǺҶСݵģ֪ƾҶСʮɽʵֻҪԸ⣬ڹݵϾͿ𵽼á
Ҫһ㣬һҶС조չһһȷѪ꣬ʱ˼ɽһ꣬ңȥˣκΣ
԰ά⣬ԹٳΪҶС㣬ֻҪǣԹҾ֣ȻԹۡĿģ԰άҶС˲Ϊ͢١
ǰĴУΪ˾λһȻάһٶ˲Ŀƽʱ߸ϣݵʵƽݰʮλ˾֮Ĳþ˽ɫ
һֱӲĳЩ飬ͻƽ⣬ʹһЩ˾ѡվĶȥ벥Ӧһ
ҲǰɶȥظߴУȴûж̫ԭ򣬵ʱûг棬ֻĳԮõ棬ΪŮˡ
ʱǰάԴĵɽвڰάõӦ򰵻̥ж϶ɧ
񰲹ά롰ʮˡҶСһտΪڷĴͬԼ档ǡʱҶСӨӨΪϪֵǷꡣ
άļ氲£ҲļǧټҶСӨӨУļȴڼҶСԭ
ЩĻүԼ׶Ӷû֪ᣬϵúƣҲǷҶСӨӨģΪʲôҪҶСأ
Ȼ鲻⣬ϵķԸֻܷӡԸӣǺܵ͵йͳʽӣƽʱû̸ĵʱһүӾʹӵۣƺ˲Գϸ
㣬ȻöʣֻܹԹ⼸ϵһֱڹţֱҶСŷģϺ˵Сƣú˯һһ͸ϻغ
Ϊ̫˽ǸŮˣ˵ڣסӨӨ˭֪ڶԴ¾Ǹʲôһ֧ӨӨǱŮҪѺָ췭ظˡ
ϵһߺСһĥŮ£ǰլǸܵңүӣ󡭡²ãλҶҶСҶӣѰǴСˡ
ϵһļϱǷôģӺ޲һ㣬Ϊ෽߰ų·ѾˣʶȻҵôߣ
ϵ䡱һ¾վСѾΪͷһʱӦһ¼ͷСѾϽϥ򵹣ֵ̿صүˡū֪ˣ
ϵҲ߷ߵߣû߼վסߵǽǣﬡһεʣͷɢ˦һ˫ëȣǵسߡ
ǼҶں棬ͷĵүŭˣһλүֻҪꡣ
ǰլ棬ҶСƾøˣʼǵøո˸˵ӨӨҶСһǳһŵߣ˭֪ȴббرһԵձڡ
ʱӨӨǼλعַҲƵܹȻӨӨһǶҶСȻҲͲٿһҶСܵǼˣƷ裬ŭȵҶģվס
ҶСסձڣãȻ̧ͷһļֵһڹȥһѾס죬ȵһֻļұ鷳û˸ļҵ鷳㵨ӲСȻ£
ҶСֱ۾ͷʵ㡭˭
˵˭ӨӨʮ֣
ҶСȻŶԭǡʮ˸簡ʮ˸磬ãǺǣӨӨĶ
ʮŭɶ𲧴ȭͷ˭˸ٸݣϸҹȻҾ㣡
ҶСЦָıҡҡžܣ㡭ҡң
ʮֺֺЦҲҴ㣿ΪҪһʲôƨʷˣ
ҶС첱һʷǸʲô㲻ҴңǺǣңҲ£ʹӨӨҴң
ʮȭڿˣ⻰ʱ˵ӨӨ󷢴ӨӨȥһͨӣûΪ˺ӨӨģϵһһ١
ļֵһϽǰĻмҶһΪѣһļҶϽǰҶģǴС㲻ڸϣԺҲˣ뿪
ҶСɻʵ㡭ҵλ˸磿
Ҷǡӣһӣ޶˽һ˸磬òᣬӲǱصҲ˸ĸļˡ
Ŷ
ҶС첻мؿһۣˡ
ǡڴʱϵŴ󵶣ͷɢһë˦һ˫ëȳ˹ûǰԺˡˣʱŭʶң
ҶС˸öƣ
Ķ
ϵʬһնҶСĲӣǼļֵһӨӨأҪǰõıˣǻˣ
˻ߵؿɱ
ϵһӳȥͷҲһˣɱð
ϵæһ̧֣󵶡һҶСͷķٿ˹ȥпʯձϣؽһƬ𻨡
֮еҶСԴãȻָϵɵЦ㡭ǲҡңţ
ҶСսϸһ󾪵Ӵ˰Сʧʧ
ϵ챻ˣС쵰ãһܿ԰ɣϵһȭҶС°ϣҶСӶˤȥڵ±㲻ˡ
ʮʧɫϽȥ쿴ֵҲæΧȥϵһ˻ҲеĵϽŮ͵ɣҹˣţԣɣô治ТĶҴд𣿡
ʮ쿴ţֵʵôˣҪɣ
ʮ̧ͷЦԷǵص˯ˡ
ļֵĵϵһɣûغȵ쵰ӳȥ
ϼֵܰҶСܳĸһӣ˵һͰˮһϣҶС˯ˮһãǺÿѹ
ϵȻѣûһӴ֣ߣ
ֵܸϵĸ顱һؽ˴šƬ֮󣬲ԶԺǽӰ£Ӱ˳⵽ҶСǰ


22 
һֻҶСţע˰ֲϣôÿεţǱҹ򽫳ءѦļ
ãˮδƫҪȥ׷˼ҡӨӨôɰƫƫһ֬Ĵºţ³Ϊأһϣ
Ǻǣðôأ
ǲǣŲҰñң
ѽôǰ컢أұ졢ұ죡
㻹˵

ڰһԶȻǰչʱҶСһѹરǰһչѥϣչЫƵģವһ
ҶСſʵۣͷϸ˰죬ǺǵɵЦԭǰþá
Цض£ǰþòˡôȳ⸱ӣҼǵ㲢þư
ҶСԼԿǣüϸ룬Ȼˣ졭ҡҸԡԶһȾšԶԶԣǺǺǣĶѽ
չǹֵʱǵҶСģһ·ҶСĴļҴʱչͷһ̳ӳϴףҶСߵҵĴţǸöá
ҶСȥչҪ߿ˣ˭ϰȴһסЦط˵Ҫſʲô֣չ治ҶСļǸʲô棬֪λȻƽǷŵĵԣΪһĳӣʵǵĿͱͨ࣬ӵ˭֪û೤ʱ䣬ͿҶС챻˸˳
Ͱ첢ҶСȵΪԶһȾơԶ֣˲һü̽صԶǺǣҼǵʱСֵӦദòʲôʱߵôˣ
ҶСſǶֻͷģҲվֻǴͷãҪȥأǡá͡ǽ¶
չһɫСֵܣ֪Զʲôˣ
ҶСſǶһ˫ʵۿһ⡣̾˿㷽žû˵ĻԶǲݰĶӣ
ҶС૵صľľʲô
ľǶǹְԶĵǲݰҲǲݵıܹܣӦĵһ֣ô
ҶС૵ݡӦˡ
ɵЦӣü㻹ӦҰģ࣬ڲ𣿡
ҶСָǺǵЦӣ㡭ôôأ
ָԼıӣұ
ҶСڳݲصԡ԰Ǻñ㡭ԶӦˣ㡭ǻΪˣ¡ǾһͬĵˣܡˣԡھͲ֣ǡǻиƨĽǺǡ
ҶС˻λԴ㡭̫ˣٸ˵ȥҲᡭ䱿ġҡ˯һ
ҶС컹ԼĴϣ˸˯ԱߣΣչһߵֱһףǲ΢΢ع
˰Σ̾˿չ⸱ԣݼʶȻмݱµ˰ү۾ѹֿϴ
չҶС׷ˮ裬ȥ׷ӨӨԼôһĴ˶ߣҶѲߵʰ£ȴӶţͲһʱһ佱ҶС죬չǸϹиƨı°˵ţչ߷ߵҶСƨһš
˯ҶСƨɣӶһƵģ˯ˡչ״Ƿŭ̲סһţֻһξˣƸƵġ
תתİ컢۸һ˿߰ɡ
ߣչˣ
аЦתȵص߻ʲô
չһָҶС죬أ˯ڴϣ
ֵ̯Ȼô죿
Ƭ֮󣬰үҶС죬ҶСֱˮˮģүɥǰ棬Ÿֶеչ
յץһƬƲʣסԼ۾

ҶСϡһΡ
ŲմصһݵڣǰСѾŽۺɫĵǰ·ǹɫ£̨ͤ¥ݻ̾Ϊֹ
ȣƮƮȻؽһڣ˰⣬ݽԡͰֻСϲȥȻһ׸ɾֱۣ˷һҡ
ʹԱ߻ȣı죬ȥƶˡУƺиŮԣḧŵգоŬؿҲ￴ֻȴ
ǣס˫裬ֻ˫ֺûʣԱѬһ¯ڱǶ˾ŨҶС˫˵С֣֪硭
峿ļมػں˯еҶС죬˸ſ۾ϤҼΪʶɷĶ
ľҶСܵԶ룬ȥƣȻ뿪ԷԼס·ϣ󿴵ĸǰߵţһӨӨ
Ȼ󡭡
ҶСģģЩӡƺļҵһ٣Ȼ벻ˡҶС°ͣ°ͻЩʹҶСĵĪ汻ļҵ˸һ٣
ҶСĿһתһֽСһϣһսˣЦؿҶС춨˶ͻȻϳˣʧеӣ
조ˢһչȣҡ˼£΢ЦңľѾ˰
ҶС쾪ӣô
΢ЦͷҼȻǹˣ֮ˡ
Ŷԭˡлӡ
ҶСոյлͻȻʡзĹ񱣬ɴʧɫǸΣȻָԺУţҲᱻ
ҶСϽϣͷһ·ȫˣϴĿɲ£ҶСʱһüͷһɻصôʲô𣿡
΢΢һЦһգԱߵԲһָģĶǶءҶСκأû
ҶС찵˿ȻֻعͷЦصҪҪһԵͣҶСôһһﵥһǻڣл뿪ȻͣɾеˣҪ·ѽһûлȥж༱
ҶС켱æƱԾһվ̾ͷԻɰ룺ƾƺ󾢶̫Ժǧܺȶˡ
ŻץԼۣѾϴƽҶС켱æԼ·԰칰ֵлӿʩԮ֣¼ڻغرһ͵·ʵڵ󲻵ãǣǣ
ȡ
һδˣҶСѾҾл˳ȥ
׷£ۼҶСŲҴҵȥվסŲݸҡͷƬ֮󣬱ǶһƮչվߣҶСԶȥӰ
ؿһۣ᲻ãǾ£
չһۣ֧ң
ϵصԣҿɲùù÷ʣ
չ̾˿ĵصˣҵģվҵġ
תתЦǰȥҰʱùһҪҸżҼء
չŭһȰܲİߵ÷죬㲻ǲǻ
ԶԶģѾŶܵǰլҶСϡиŮͬ飺ԭⰲӼͻǱУǲҰ


23 
ҶС뿪ϽɵظԼסʱɫ΢أ·˲࣬ҶСΪ˾ϻȥɽС·˾͸ˣʱıһܶˡ
ҶСԽһԽһԽԽ졣иܵ׷ĵѵСӣҪ١٣ܲ˶Զġ
ҶСǳ˳飬Цл˼ңмҪ·ǳܡ
ҶСӿ˽Ųܿ˦ߡʱĳڲݳϵۿҪϵԼסѾԿǴڰķᣬҶСȻ˶졣
˶һȣһ·̵߹һһ߶ʱʱظߺһС죬Ķ
ҶС켱æ첽ӭȥߵķҺ򶼱¶ˮʪˣһһδ˯ʼѰģҶС첻
ԣѳΪʮĹƽߣոճΪ߾뿪˹ƽ£ûиָܵ߸ϡɱζ
ʱתšˣļҲڴ˵أûܵҫܵط羴ζҲûܵطÿԷض뵱ʿҫԸرıɫ
ʹԼѾһҪһȺ׷ߣ뻹ǱȽ㣬ռȱԶƣһԶ֪һƺ¡
Ϊҹδ飬춼ܳѰһҹɼΪġʧ١ֵܺͲ˶ôĲ⸱ģҶСһʱګګԡ
۾ҶСͼݣһá
ҶС鼤Ȼſ˫һѱס쳤ϣǶԲסҡҹδ飬֪ãóѰңǶԲסˣ
ҶСſ˫һʱһһСƿѾٿȻģƿѰ£ȻҶСϲһֻƿٿȻʧ
컶ϲصߣҵˣ
ҶС˲ЩЦԷǣĵҵ˭ҵ㡭
˵գȻҶСղŵĳƺæؾߣ¿ɲǳϣ򲻿˳ƺ
ҶСſЦǵģȳƺһ£ʡõʱвϰߡ
ϰҶСĲѭأεһЦҶСֵƷɺأ㶼ˣһҲҰɣ
ǣ߻ƷɾȥѰ㣬еҲȥȵϻ߻ǶżңңǳȥѰҡǲӦңңҲȥ㣬Ǿͷͷˣǹмδ飬ʱҲûģԼʱظϡ
ҶС԰ãǿȥ
˸ϻطǰ棬ͼë𵶵ԺǰŶͷĺˮҶСǸжǺЦ룺⺻ҲģȻ֪ӳ
ҶСߵһŷëƨɵǸ޶ëһҶС죬ϲص磬ɻˣȥĶǶһˡ
޶ҲϲرĹԴҶСǵعšҶС޶ë׵ĴԴֶëǱǸصʵڶԲסҹһˡ
ëһתۿ죬ִСֵؽѽѽô˶ûŴ磬ϹӸһˣ˵⳶ȻľګһЩȴҲֻɫʱЩѿ
ҶСɫ΢΢һһëǵ䣬һߣСëզզģ֪ûж⣬ô˵Ϊ˱ʾ׽˭ԸⱻԼȱݣ
ëӺףګګصţ֪ˣԺ϶˵ˡ
ҶСֵУ޶ȻЩǣϾȲ࣬ӣԣǸͦϷңңȴǰѸ޶ýõģ˵˻᲻
ëǼźףţ֪ˡˣ磬⸣޶ĸİ
ҶСһûעҲǹġ
ëǵңңͲܵǽðֵֻܵܡ
ҶСεصֵҸ˵йϵô
ëǵôûйϵأո˵ǽãҪǹģǾͲǽá
ҶСһѾסëǵ죬ܻص˵⻰ص˵ֵܽõ˵˵£ҪǱ˵ĸܣ⸱ֵӣҿԲںɱδزں㾿ף
ëһ޹ص磬װҪǲںǸɹأ㶼Ѱնˣлܺú˵ôǹĸɶ˲õģ
ҶСñǿð̣ںǹĸںǹĸôô쵰Ķһˣ
С磬
ͻȻңңϲҶС쾾סëϱҲϾҪغˣǷ⡢ȥٵģоֹҪעЩ
ңңҶСϷǲŷңңƵģһתһϲӭȥſ˫۽ȸԾңңһѱ
ë㬵죬ؿƨƨߵңңĸ޶ǹĸأ

ҶСϻĻƷɼ˵һҹδΣϽʰװһԶס·ϣһ̸ƷɱǷֿˡ
Ʒںаףʮɱ֣ôö֮ػȥʵе˵ȥ˵ƷĿ˲࣬վ̫ðˡ
ҶСͻƷһиϻغأŻǱδΣ˺ټ¡һϵԶۡʱֻʣҶС졢ëǡңң죬ԼһԳһèˡ
˹ŹֵݣԶһ˱ֳ˼ȤǹעĶͷԳǱһ˫ĿȴǷɿڶ졢ңңʹתһȦ
ԶЩУֻݣóһ书Ǳ壬ͬɵ
ڴӣֺϹžԳڸԶ㷺Ծڹһ伣û˵˵ͨĹﻯʯԭϹʱڵ
ΪûмЩ쳣ߴԼ߱൱̶ȵǻ۴ȤǱ嵱Ӧһ𴳹ۼͷԳģעۡ
ңңô
Ǳ忴һۣ㰵̾˾үֶױɷǿɰŸ˶೤ʱ䣬ˣȻǸ˼˰С˶
Ǳţ΢Цӭȥңңɣûɰһ·ȥ͸һɡ
ңң̧ͷҶСȥҶСлл̣ȥɣλһ
ңңŴӦһɵǱ˸񣬴ص̺á
ããǱЦеǣС֣ߣϳȥ̾ͺˡ
ʱԶ߹΢ЦضҶСҶ͵ܣˣ·Σ
ҶС˼װ룬⣬֪ڵԼǸȻ־úСˡ
ԶЦҲʱ䣬ߣǵǳɣλӣбõƥҪ˳ɣֻǳϻЩӵţֻ
޶˸Сʢһеýζ˵ͷȵؿǡ
ҶСӣ
ҶСϱȻһ£ָָ޶׹һѾס޶ĲӣܵԼϣ˳ִͳһֱֻӶԼĴڡ
ԶЦͷԳ֪Ҷ͵ǴӺδѰ˸ߴδţȻͨǣϡĺܡ
ҶСɽżȻѰģߣУᵢг̵ġ
Զֺؿ˿ԳҶСһǳسֶУһ־ĸǰҶС쿴ĸǰɵձڣԺͻȻҹԴ˴ʱ밲ǷԻԶӦˣ


24 ټ
ӵ˹ٵϣȻЩȴ΢ĺˡ
ҶСڰϣߵдż飬±ʣֽ˴īѸɣùһŷ⣬ûϣƤдµַˡС
ҶСŵݸԶЦˣžԶˡ
ԶЦ޷վɵľӭ£ͷʲôǺǣ֮󣬹˽õĵһ°ɡ
˶ЦԶһϵּ޵͵ܣдƯ
ҶСдûɣҲôһܳĶˣѧʶ̨Ǵвˡ
ԶҡͷЦô˵ҪɷΪˡ˵˹Ҳ˾ġ
ҶСûʵŶ֪͢ڿƾһϣֻΪλ˾ݣĪԶ־Ȼ˾˼ң
ԶݸҲҸǲݰܲݴ˾˵أΪĲɡ䲻͵ģҸֻ˾棬Ϊ
ҶСԭǲݰʧʧ
ҶС˵ţа룺ԶĳǺԣǲҵݻǲ⣿ӦȻں֮λĹӦò£ҵԶϰɣҺͬʱо٣ͬʱΪ٣Ӧֻһɺϡ
ҶС뵽һԶϵߣ˵ӣϾ͵ͭˡ
Զ˵ͷҶСЦһ·ߵ˳ڵĽų̣ȥӦòڣȻļ磬Ҫȥ½磬֮
ҶСԱļͭʸɽ˾ԶдһԡҶСڴɽ˾ʲôˣһԥˣҪ˻ģͭЪ£һ⣬ӻؼȥǡ
ʱһ̴Ӳӣǰͤغ˵ҪҶСҶӡ
ԶȻתҶС죬ӭˣ
ҶСͭʲôˣ⻰ľɱѦĸǷӲ֪ĶҵϢҾɣ
ҶСӲͷƤ߳ȥͼǰ·ͤͤǰվһСͯһЦӭͷһҾϲҶүϲҶү
ҶСһæ³ԯЦСڴˣԭСͯͭʸѧСˣҶСνҶСȻϵá
СЦصҼҽүԸڴӭҶү˵Ҷү˾٣˹ְ֪үҼүܸˣСڴӭ֪үѾΪҶү¾ϯ׼Ϊӷء
ҶС챻һѵүƵеͷΣҡͷЦСҲؿҹˣǳҶӾͺáô֪үʦҲ֪ͭô
СҶүһ·סĶվסվиͭʸĲ٣£֪ү֪һ磬Сľӭڴˡ
ԶѾ˳ҶС棬⻰΢΢һЦҶ͵šˣֳΪ͢٣֪ҲйأҪ֪˾õȣȥɡ
֪ҶС죬ҶСȻŰԶϣԶвҵıҲͬӡ׽ҶСֻ˶졢ңң䣬СһͬС
֪ں԰￴Ϸ𳪵·ѩʱŴСѾ޵˶һ㣬һԵòƣϷ˼Ҷϰٻˣòÿضް
֪Сᣬʹߩһѱ飬ض͵̫ԩˡ
ɥǰǰ
֪һȥ豭۾ؿϷ̨ϣǡһѾں裬һү֣Ͻջزǲִ֮»мβˮ֪ϣ۵֪ѽһ
ѾʧɫϽ򵹣ߵͷ絷صүϢŭүϢŭ
֪͵ش˼£ϧⱻֿסˣһʱվֻŭɶָСѾ澣ı𣿰ȥ
Ѿŵû겻壬ֻǿͷģ֪קļҶתѾߣСѾؽеүү
͵ǶһԣȻǾ֪˾ЩϪϮͭʣ֪Ǵ˼ʵۣƽʱЩŵʱǳ̬ٳ˭Ц
֪үϵ͵˷ԸҶС쵽˲شСҶС죬ǰһŸҶųֱ룬ֱ˺԰ǡÿǸؿűߵСѾ
Ӵ˴װֱֵ֣̳㬵䣬ֻҶϳһתÿҶС죬ֿ͡
ҶС켱һҾأһصҶСʦʦòС˼Ұ˼ҿɻ𣿡
ҶСӴܶηӭ֪ƺ֪ΪϸĸֻϴԶƺʦԵУϲӹţʦһϲ
ȻһЦ˾ջ۾зöҪˣɫضҶС˰ȥ˾ˣ˹٣Ϸܿİ
ŤͷԵõضϷ۹ɣҾ˵⺢һǸгϢġ
ͷص˻ʶ飬Ʋ֡
֪Ц˭
һҶСæǰһЦⲮǹʱһλܻѡ˲ŵˣĹһԭһʦͭʣѹֲ֪ˡ
֪ȻŶԭǸˡһ亹Ҫӵظͦ۶ȴСԺûĺӹˡ
ҶСĶʦʱȴֻܿڳʦʾ
֪ܿĵкҶС£Ÿձ˴γַѾذһ⼷˻ȥҶСҿʦȦЩ죬ǹæûϢô
֪ŶûʲôոտϷݺҪ̳Ϊʦᡣ
ҶСʦȱˣѧոսʱһŮӱϳȥ޿ģʲô˰
֪޺޵صǸ澣趼岻ãϷ֣ȥ¡
ҶСæѧɶʦΣнշ⣬طͭʣʦۣϲӣʦ˴ͲҪǲµСѾͷƽ˰ɡ
ӶԿ˳۵ˣ˵ýȥģԱ˰֣Ա߼Ҷæ׷ȥ̡ͣ
üЦضҶСʯ丮˼ϸԶƽﶼЦͭʸˣŶˡôﲻѣһˣٺ٣Сšˣ׾پˣҿʿڻ¡
ҶСһţƤģһϽʦѧҪǽ˾϶нʿֻ˽ʿɾδػܻع١ѧʦЩʱʱʦ̻ء
ӳеˣʿ۲Ҫˡ
ĵʦͽȻһУԴ޵ģѾҪ˼°
ЦΪʦ˵ܿģΪ½ӷ硣ǼȥС
æˣҶС֪Ӷĸæǰϴ״


25 ô
̨ϵϷǼ֪үп˵ˣ֪ͣǶ֪ǸȥǼЦϲģһμǡɡ
̨ϵϷǸϽȥױһձıϷ̨ϵ
ϷԪʱеһӾ磬ּ軭ӴֲڣϸҶСǲͶ򴫡ͬС죬жⱾ鱾Ǽǰʹһ壬ŵҲ衣
￴˻ϷЦеضҶСǰ죬и첮ĵ·ͭʸݷùҡ
ҶСκة˵︮ϵУʦҲһȻ·ͭʣݷöʦҲӦ֮ˡ
ЦеصǰҿԲҵӲܲǾͽӼƾʱᵽ㣬ǺǣҿƺЩڰ
ҶСѧ첮ȷʵЩڡ
ҶСںʱ첮ĽԹľ˵һ飬ֵǸĶˣȴŪ˹ɨأܲޣڹҺ󣬱ŴҪƺҡ
ҶСת΢Ц첮Ĳ֪ʦĹϵԲŸڶʦǰ޼ɵҰɣ
￴̨ϵշͷ۾гһ죬Цص˵˽ˣǸˣ⻰һ㲻٣첮Ķ¿úء
ҶСŶ
¼еţǰ㲻ûֻƬˣӰԲԲ鲻Ըѵһ
ҶС˲Щ⣬첮Ķ֮˽⣬Ҳľ
շʣȻǼٲ˵ģ˭涨ֳ⸱ģ˾ͱҲأӹţʫƨͨƫƫΪЩ٣һɵϡ
ü̫ĻȨҲأҺܲϲҵ̫ʵ۵ƣԪˣЩһֱŹ⸴ϵҫҿа֮£Щݬˡ
ҶСͬеصѧҲôΪģ첮̾޽ڲٿԡͶңֻҪĺôһԱҡ
÷ֵָڷûţ΢ЦаȥأӦǶһ飬ǷſããŻ㾡ȫȥԣԸˣ
ҶС̵ʦ˵
֮Ĺڣǽⲻˡһõҵȫ֧֣λܶõȻҶһ飬Ͳ֣㲻߾ܣֻҪˣǲãȻ
ҶСȻһһʦؽţȴžΪΪţ֮Ľ˶ôʦͽꡣҲһϵȴȫȫΪ㣬ϣŪһҪõˣ
ҶС̽صѧȥأεʷ첮ѧĶͷ˾¶ϣѣһʦСڹʱһŮӣȵã֪ǺļҵĴС㡣
ѧ첮ȻΪ֮˽Թǻ᲻ᱻΪѧļҳͷҵļҴö֣࣬ѧ͸ûʤˡ
Ц˵Ҷ첮ĵһ飬ȻǳһĿģǲֵġ㲻˵һ첮Ŀ
ҶС뿪ЦصѧͷˡֻǣУѧļҵˣʦȴҵˣʦֵ֧ӣᱻΪͶļңɣ
ӻȻЦҡֵģģݴССϰٸ˾иĵ̣иǧһ֣Ѿβˡ
ͭʸΧҵͶļңҪ˵ΧЩϵӦҲӦǧϵڲλ˾֮以ںϣϵ̸ڣõҷˣǲһᱳѵġ
ӶЦһڣֵ˾֮ҪҲһ˭ʵǿߣ˴֮ǲ˽ǵĴġŶһ㣬ָЩ˾Ͼз磬С˾Ȼˣλ˾
˿ڲ裬Ѳ豭£ҡͷ̾ԴͨؾͳǹݵıţǶλϮС˾Դûλ˾Ƕ⣬ΪΪʲô
ΪСҲһλ˾ǧֲ䣬ΪСС˾֮γһֺȶĹϵǰϷ̨ӡ
̨һָĴ˴գСС˾Ļʯ˭ҪשŪϷ̨Ϳˡ
ԡûĸ˾ð֮䣬ȥƻء˭˹أ˭˾ǵĹСɳͬ͢͢Ȼ̫ʵʱ𣬾һֱϷ̨ǼǸ۷羰Сͤӡ
λ˾Ϊش֣͢ͳ룬λ˾ǲ٣͢ɹ˻ôǾ͵Ϸ̨שִһШӣ
ШϺúõǶôõ֮ǰשãϷ̨ƫƫվų͢ʿô󴸲ϵذǸШңШӰϷ̨˿塣ԣ˾Ƿ׷װĿͶȻ˭εǸШӣשȥȴǷǳãô
ҶСˣ͢һֱҪıݵθ֣Լֱƿ֮¡ݴСС˾֮Ȼ⣬ڲֻ˭ʵǿߡӰΪԼļȡԴ
˭ҲûǸʵ˾ȱʵҲڹսʱԴС಩ģֱΨһߡ
ΪͷϻһǿǾǳ͢ǧԭܳȴʼջһǿ뼯Ȩǧݵ˾в˽ܣ־˾ΩҶ𣬿ǾΪг͢ͷʨڲ࣬ʼδ䡣
ڳ͢ӿ˶Թݵ͸е˾еΣǼǾ֣Ǻ飬ɵԼУͬЭѳ̽͢Ƴȥ
ԣûܿƺ֮ǰǻȿֺ֣һˣֻӾֱ˵֧ߣȫάó͢лɳá
뵽ҶС컺˵ͷѧˣлʦָ㡣
ڰ֣Цеص׾ͺãԣȥأú󵨵ȥǹݵıţͭʵǰŶ첮ҺܲϲҸϲ
ҶСվҾء
ȥɣȥ𻰣ٺ٣Ϸĵϼһﲻ˵һԹĺأϷһٹȥ
ҶС칧صǣѧˡ
ԱһСѾҶСȥתϷ̨ζؿϷһһͷǳ¶һϮ£˼ŮӴϷ̨橵˳
ŴŬذ˰ӣй£Ҫ˰γͷǳ¶ŮѾЦ壬ŰɣֶŮǰ㻹ʲô
Ů˵ţȵ߹һŮǰ˲ҶСոӣ˳תӺվŮӱӯӯ
ɽƵĴӣŮӵţ첮ҪõˣΪȴҹҶСͬ첮Ķأǡõ˰ɣ
Ů΢΢̧ͷ¶ģ𪽿ʮ˵򢣬ЦôܣҶСҪΪļҵĳˣΪãֻһ첮ľǲһ֮ģҲˡ
ԽʯԳ첮ֻһȴ˺أǲ͵ɣʴһˡ
ǳ¶գǳ¶ϵĴĲظо¶һ˵Цݡ
ݸһЦת׿Ϸ̨صʲôϵأֻҪڳ͢оͺá
ŷʷʵ°ͣĵܵʲôѾͷҲ§˼ҲӣŤ黨ƵģҪǳԵСѾͷˣ˰


26 
ҶСͭʶһ죬μ֪ͭΪðĽӷ磬ʦͭʸѧڶ뿪ͭʡ
һ˳ͭʸǰвԶٵһ·ͨԶɽ£ͨׯĵ·ҶСԶĳ·ߵȺëǸһׯ
ҶСͣһô£ԶԶؿɽǴӣǴĿĵطǽǶǽߴɣСǵĳǽôߣ˵κһ˼ҶὨһôߵǽ˿̣쳣Ŀĸǽмæµزǽ壬ǽѱ䡣
һë߻ҶС磬ˣˮլӺȥˮûⴱլѾ˼ң˼أ˵Ҫӵ·á
ҶС૵صûܵĶȥ
ëǵ磬ֵо仰֪
ҶСؿһۣЦʲôʱҿˣ˵ɣʲô
ëǵŰɣˮôǸʵ̫ѲˣۺòײŰȥľȥ˰ɣӨӨͦõģͲҪˮˡ
ҶС˿ˡֻ뿴ûлûб뷨ȻûׯѶӹˣߣ·
ëǰⰰһ׷ҶС죬޵Ͷˣɷλޣүǲģõ𣬾͵÷ŵ£

Ч⣬һƬܴĿⷿ
ǲֿҲǿջͨǰջĸ֣ǵ˽רǾסģܶĻӴЪŽǲ̫㣬ס
ɽŵСӱߣһƬƧķᣬһλȹĹǽ߽ʯϣճյǰˮ
ˮïܵˮݵţˮķָСˮݼȥͣһƣӰӳʹˮ·һ㣬ӳ㲵ա
Ա߲ľϤ˹ճճŮһæվʩԱ⡣
ٴ΢Цףеķ飬ʵˮЩô
ˮ¶һ˿ЦݣлԱ⣬ūҵѾöˡ
ˮ赱ڹʱл޳ҪѪʱδ֣ڣ֮ıܼ尾ĸױʯҳ⽴֮ڱ
ٴ뿪֮ˮһ·Ͼ͸ղˣʼջԲѡٴΪ˻г̣һһ·ϣصغｫֱڲԻָԪ
ٴ֮ͣҳݡˣϷոյϢƾУо˵ڹְǲְоҶС졣һأεʷһְǿǲĹΨһһ͢š
Сˣ
ˮ˫һϲصҾ֪гϢһгϢ
ٴ΢ЦةѾˣҶСһҲõˡǺǣˮϲ㣬ܿطˡ
ˮɫһĬΣҡͷҲ
ٴĿһŶˮﲻ
ˮĬĬߵСӱߣͷǶƵİƣĵصҼҶ𱨣ô鷳ĻңںӨӨҪáңңҲܷġ
ٴ΢΢üչ΢ЦȻʲôѿͶô
ˮĬĬҡҡͷֻһЦٴӯӯһ񣬵ͲԱˡһ̶֧Ӵ긮ȥǵȥ޾֮·ѰӪġ
ٴ΢΢ҡͷЩ߳;ã಻̫أһòŮңްĸԶ磬һ·иʲôʧǺã
ٴһ˼ɣ㲻ںأһҪţһλ˲ĴӢۡ޴ȥͬУĳһ⣬λӢһġ
˵λӢʱٴһ羴֮ɫԼĿżҪĵλһδ֪ٴ˵ļʲôطˮھǳǳģ֪ܲڡ
ˮȻţԱ˵ӹô
ٴЩЦ벻ˮﾹȻ֪طȻˣҲʵ㣬Ϸ˵λӢ۾ǵ̫ٱܱݴ󽫾ˣ
ˮһȻݵˮѹ¿꣬Ͷ·Ա˴ΪֻλԱˡ
ٴһѣˣϷ֧ӣվҪ·ȻӦǾ͸Ͽȥʰһ°ɣһϷȥ복ӻϡ
ˮȻӦһԼסǾĿ׵ʱ˰֮ǵλĴӢ۸£Ȼϲĺܡ
һߵٴЦĴһξˮһΪ㡭û뵽ô뿪ˡ
ٴ΢΢üõصԴӴĸ׹¼һŮܹ߽Ϸ
΢΢Ƿǣֵʧԣˡ
վֱӣ첮ĵǽ壬뿪˺أȴŹ˲һĹ⾰ȻةɱˡʷةְλҲ˾֣֮͢Ȼ֮֮͢ãǰ̿ǡ
ٴ΢ЦܿģΪ͢ͿӦҰĲֻҪϷ֣رõҵã͢СΪʹúã
Ϊô
˳ĬƬ̣صԸˣ
ˮûʲôʰֻмϴѣƬ̹ͣ˿ѾСԺУԶԶٴ˽̸ɵվס˽Ų
һۣԺٴȷϣΪų·أɲһΪˡ
ٴ̾˿Ϊ˴ǺӣŮҶСϵǳҶСֵͬܣϷɲгһձ֪ԹȡϷﲻģΨӡϷΨһ᲻µġడʲôʱϷķأ

ӻ̣
̨һֻ˶Ĵƨɣſڹ̨ϣ˫ŷཱུ°ͣĵغŸһ˫۾Žͷ߹ŮӣֻҪмɫͿýζ
һǣһŹʵŮḧһƥɴڵؽ˵үˣɴˡ˵Ϻˣβ֯ɴˮʪ˵Ȼֻһ˵ɴȷϵȲ˿õ֯֯ͣһƥǮˮʪЧôһƥɴ˯£һˡ
Ůӱ˿С˶ʮ꣬£ԼǸܳңһһ˵ؽǻϲʤô˵ɸһЦ˵ֱҡҡŤ˵Ľү
˵򣡸Ұ
λүǴ󷽣ˣүôĸ
һ߼һذƥɴЦӯӯصүǵĳۣͣʮͺˣòô˵ļ۶
ǮЦŰԿͳ⣬һŤͷͼ°ͰسĴͻȻͣס۷档
椻ͷһǡһԶȹֱۣЦӯӯشӵǰ߹ŮԲĴȳഺĽϢѵõǣһ˫̥һģһ
ߺߵߵߣһ߱סϽԱŲһ£ֱس档
ҧ촽޷޵ŤסĶ䣺ð㣡˼׬Ǯ˫ȴʵʲôأϲ׷ȥһؼ£
ҵţ֣֣˼ҿЦ
ż⣬Ц椣Ҿ㿴ҪȢһȢ㰡ǾҶҪ밡Ȣһһųһģһڱӵҵţ춼дñӵĸо
ֺֺЦšøˣథӴӴؽţģͻȻһֱ߲ˡ椴ŭĲ˳ʺĶ㻹
ྪϲؽеҵţˣ


27 
ҶС߽ӻ̡Цص࣬椣ã
ͬʱֽһ椻ʧɫಡһ¶㵽˴սսص㡭㡭ǹ
ϲſ˫һѽҶС챧ס磬ˣһΪһҲء
椵Ļͬʱһ㶣뵽֪ҶС˷ǳ٣˴õѲ죬ȫǺصĹ١ſҶС죬ţǡǡ
ҶС治ɫ΢ЦҽҶС죬Ǵѣʱģһʣ֪
Ͻӿڵǰϴȥʱ򣬼ҶͰʷһģһ־棬һ̸ʮͶҶҵֳ
椶߶µصôʶأ
ݲȵصȻΪҳ㣬Ҷǰ㣬ôƯһλȻ϶ˡ
ҶС찵Ĵֵָܣƨ۶գ
кòϲҶСȻǰʷ꣬ŷĵشӴҶС츣һ񣬵ūҼҶ硣ҶС֣ղҡҡЦ
ëǴǵ߽صλǴֵܰɣѽѽ绹û˵ֵܣԲ󣬹ȻӶร֮డ
޴ࣺ
ëǺļ򣬴ֵصëëǣҲҶĺֵܣԺаëС
޴ࣺ
ſڣңңվڳԯϴػ޶
޶ӴӼϻĴشܵԣһſңңԾ£׼ȷﵽʺĺϣ޶ңңһҡ
˿ڻ֮խĵ·ͷƤ˸Ĵ㡣ʱѾΧ£ָָ㡣˲ͷ﷢һ͵͵ŵüŮһȺӼĶӡ
Զվڳԣ΢ЦſŵһĻţ¶ǱףĿΣһ˴
һ·ߵú˳ԭƺϲܵأվ͵ˣǺҶСᳵ·ָųʮִʱǡþ޴ӻ̣һˡ
˼򵥵˼䣬ΪЩô˲㿪ڣҶС࣬Ϊѿоˣɲʹ̧٣Ϊصʷ滹һλѣαةȥñͷɡ
һæ磬Ҹȥ
Ҵ̨ܵ棬ӹ̨ͳһһ棬ܳҶСһĹҵģһֱ̿ص㻹أ
ЦұһɣоɶͦģͻãҾһֱˡٺ٣߲שͷˣ˳ԵģһЩɢȴϷ㡣
ҶС쿴˿սԲһǷʱ֫ͬص˵ͷҶС˵꣬ҶСԶһ˱ߣҶС޴ಽڳӵǰ档
ҶСԴѾ޸ôһͿһ𡣡
һҡ°һ£Ҫǳ׾ͺˣڰɣҹ͵Ļơ
ҶСƣǼҵӻ̲ˣ
أⲻǳ߼ǽô
ҶСɴ۾ǽǣǶǽǣ
ֱ׳صǰǼǼСӻ̣һҲͼӵĽһʮӣˣϲصľͰ͹ˡ
ҶСడǵﻹջô
⣬겻ţų꣬òôƣôƼô
ҶС̾ʷٺʯﻹȱƣҾʹְˣ㵱ȥ
Ц磬ͱЦˣⲻû취ôǰЩҹĨǵ̽ҵ˼ҵ˼ǸһŵԵŮˣǳǲӦġ
Ҿ밡ȸޣӶʱиֺܿɰС§ҵĲӣػүүҾͲ椡٣ٺ١
۾һյģ˵ҶСȻԭѾޣ
ֿͷɥصûأ˵ҸýȢݹأſϸҶǼڷͷΪѰ
ҶСͬļ̾Ϣǻһѵܣ
ϲҲ֮ˣȴȢô
ҶСؿһ۵ôʲô
ЦصûʲôֻһӾðοࡣ
ҶСûغһʵôӻת·ǲԴĴ⣬㶼ô
Ц˭˵Ҳ㿴ܳųӶô£ҽĺ𩸺ˡ
ҶСüͷȫ֣Ͳܿ㣬´Ȩ䣿
ϲ̵صôܣҹţǮҹţסǵˡң̫߳ٺ٣ǰԩңܣҲִ֪ûУڴ
ҶС죺

ɽ棬һɺԵĺӴ£յɹºܿѳȭͷĿӡǰһĵ̰ӣסεĺˮĺˮСȥ
ӽ̵ӣˮƽʱңڼǱ̰ӽסˮҲࡣ̰ϣʮì峤׳صѲ߮š
ȻηһȺڵ߹̰Ѳ׳Ӹ¿Ⱥ˵Ӱ۵ͭ࣬һˮСɱһɽ߰¥Ⱥкկˮţկˮ
Ƭ̹򣬴կӿ׳ֳֵǹì£̰Դ
֮ɽƹب޼ԹݵɽϣɽǶԣ򺵣ҲͳˡĿԷ
һ󺵣θ߼կկ̵ӣˮѸٽ߱ׯǼཬĹؼʱ̣Ǹ߼կͽض˺Ա֤صĹȡ
һεկҪ˵ˮˣˮ⣬կΪˮԴͻԽԽңӵ̰˰ǣ˫в֪Ѿؽ˼Ρ
Ϊ˱סˮԴ߼կ֯׳ЯҹںӵϡԼկ֯ˮ߼կԴ߼կկĴҴҸϵһڽؿɽ¡
ɽ£ڵ׳Ǹˣկկߡλеһλͬѧϴ𩡣


28 粨
ߵӵվڵϵĸһָȵģǸ߼կʲôҪկƵͶ·ô
һֻ̤ڵ̰ӵһʯͷϣޡ˿ĭмصˮҼǰؾͽأҪôƣѾӦн룬Ҹõõһóɣկν御ˣ㻹ô
ĿŭȵĹƨǾׯڻկڲҪ˵ǹȵˮ˺ȵĶһβʣˣ㿴ӵˮô
ĸЦˮҪǲأȥǲȵģǵճҲôģҺԩҸ˭˵ȥүΪˣɲҸ߼կΪǣ
ŭǾ͵ǡȫǣ
صϻ˭סεģҪկΣǽˮҾˣǾ仰ˮҼǰؾͽأ
ƴŭȵãؾͽأǾͰǣǸƾ°ɣկֵǣΪǵׯڣǵ̣
һѽһᣬȵҿ˭Ҷ˭ҶһӾͻ
ƾٵͳ壬ȵСб£Ұɣ
һկȷ˳棬կ׳ȥ尡尡߼կ˵ѵ̰ˣ
ȥǸҴȥҿ˭Ҷǵľˮ
ӣһƬ졣ƻӵһ߼կˣһ˴εܣϾţϾţѣ
ͷѪҲ֪ںδȻԲѡưƽڵϣԼĵҧгݵոߵģѣ
ĴЦµУ
˾ȾѪĵսһ𡭡

ſڣԶһ˸ϵ󣬱˽ȥƬ̹òתڵضҶСԶλˣشүڶ룡
ԶҶСǫһţͷǰ·Ŷȥһ·ϣһЩϤεʷةͬʱε׷ܳۿ
ǿҶС죬ĿɿڴվǶҶС쿴ϤףҲܼʶؾǺЦЩĿɿڴؿӦ
ҶСžѴ˿̵ԼӦǲʶǵģֻǺЦĶѾˣȴҲղȥֻðһʿģЦͷԽԽ澪֮ɫע£һ·á
ڶŽϺţһ΢ЦֻǿҶС죬ЦȴЩѲⰡ˭뵽ҶСȻԵʷö֮ػص˺ء
վסŲҶСԶλˣλǱػү
ҶСԶæ첽ǰ໨ԼԶʱһվסŲֵ¹ҶС죨Զˡ
ѽѽλ𣡡æһ۽󣬺Ц½ף˷Цصλһ·ˣϾ
룡
ҶСԶ뻨ǰ棬벽һֿͬһֱˣŷһС˷ϲյãһڲ裬һС˵ȥةһλµͬʡ
С˴Ӧһæ߿ˡ
˿ڲ裬һζ˵㣬вͷ缱æסͣʹ˫΢΢ʪȻǰ֪ҶС콫أѾ׼һҶС컹Щš
ʵҶСصҲΪһ٣ؽʲôҶСȻˡ
ҶСðʷҶС˵ǹ֮뿪ʵ԰ʹݡʡԱΪʹǿɱŭ͢
ҶСϤ˸ᡱһֲʱҶС죬ĸҹȻӺֻֻ֮ôӦҶСļƻ֮󲻾ãҶСȻ뿪ˣ˭֪ҶС᲻Ϊ¶Ĵ٣
һҶС쵱ȻǼٵʷںȴߣ˶׷ߣܰͷԡȻСѭ졣
ҶС뿪֮󣬻֪һŴةĴӡһŴʷĴӡѺص˾ȨεץС
˵Ϊһӡ٣ƺţȨȻޣȴͷһƷȨζҶС᲻ѾֵĶûȥ
òĨĨƮڲˮϵĲĭѲյߣ̧۾ɿɨҶСһۣȻ뵽ة첮ģַһЩ£ǹһĨЦݡ
һ첮ȺãæǶһ첮ĵ˵ҶС졢Զͬƾӣڹʶ˴˵࣬档
Զǳμ棬ȷҲҪһֻҶС˴ϤĺܣʱȴװһʶģŻĽܣֺѣɷ¡
ѰҶС쵱ðʷһ²첮ЦеؿŶϷаЦٳϣ涼һ಻ҪϷӣ
λԱѱϣ̸һȻصҽ£շλ˵ļҾӻ棬ھͲˡةةһ¡
׳ǣԶةԶ࣬ȥ˲ʹ˰Ϊӷ硣
Զæ繰ֵˡ
΢΢һЦֵة룡
뿪ú󣬻ЦݿضҶСҶʷԭֻʣһ׿շǰةڳģةκѾס޺ʵסվڳ⣬㡣˼Ϊסһʱټˣ㿴Σ
ҶС΢΢һںʱصĹᵱʱ׿ţסˣסˣǵʷǺĵİѽΣҲðѷڳǡ
ȻղŵɲʹŵĹˣھȻûзӸţҶС찵ЦӦֻ¾Ҫסķӿճ־õסȥ˻֪ǰ˲ӭҰһô
ҶСѸڻ첮ɨһۣɫصˡ¹ٴأٲҪЩͷͻ˵Ҫһˡ
ŻԽԽѿɫҶСЦøˣ˵¹ټ˿ֶ࣬õĹլסԾִ٣Ҳʺ¹סլӣ¹پסţ¹ٻᾡַԽһסլùסˣͲҪ˼Ұˡ
Ŀ΢΢һȷªЩȻҶʷԽסլǱؾͲˡ
ֶ첮ĵةҶʷȥӰ٣һӷ硣
첮ĴӦһ£ҶС̸Ц̵˳ȥ˭ţⶼͬо٣ͬţ˴˼Ĺϵʮ׽Ļ˾һԽⲻԩҡ
Խһסլߣ㻹ڱ
翴ҶС첮ԶȥıӰнһĨ衣


29 
õĵԺǻ֪صĹۡΧȺ棬ŽżСľ׶ιеĽ˿ȸŪűıȸļ΢΢¶һ˿õЦݡ
ʱŷˣһӳһǳɫһ籶İۣϵһʯȹۣյּĵζ
һż㰼һݵĻȣĵȹ·¡β¡̣ˣլ˻֪ؾֻլЩѾ澣һӣ͸˵ˮҶһģ治֪Ҫöٵͽɫڻ
粽լ⸱ģЩȣȥס޹ǵ֫մӼ󿿹ȥǵỬաľٶΪǼΪˣ˼ٷޣ˽֮ۡڣҲʲôˡ
Դӵ˺غ󣬾ͳһֻܵǿľةΨɽи岿˷Ĵѹıܼ尾֮£ÿֻǳ̾ûɣ·һʮ̣Ȼ׳꣬ȴ֮¶ˡ
ԴةҶС뿪أûȡһȨһӶ˼꣬Ȩļʹ򸾶׵ĴҲǰƵЩ޼Ӻгˡ
ƽﻨֻҪôǵһٲҪߵصĻУѧϷˮԧ죬Ϸһǽֻǰһͦػһ
ɿֵ֣صӺιʲã
ŵʵǸҶС˺أ
üͷһ壬ô֪ŶǲѭСӸģ
һһ磬ة˵ͷһŻҡ£Ӧ๫ɣ
ڵʴ£˿Цӣةְ뱾زء¹ѻةΪ٣ҪһȻҪֵ֧ġ
ЦŻ๫֧ôةոյΣû⣬ҶôĵңǰսӷֵѵΪ˽֮£
üõصˣֻܺլα֮أҶС׷ǹʣҾҪԸҲΪƽɣ
Ц๫ΪΪҶС챧ƽ
練ʵѵǣֺαָΪ򣿡
̾˿ĵص๫ķޣȻֻΪ㿼ǣҶСأ£Ϊ㲻öԸҶС죬ķˣ
Ȼˣ
ŵ첮ҶСйڣǲҲȫԸȥԸҶС졭
΢ЦǣոյةȻְλҶС죬ڱصĸҶģб֧ܴʩΪֻδҶСĶ֣
Ŷ๫ôأںݷֱ꣬ղŽһȨ£УȻݲҶС죬͸ر̬ȣˣҪԸҶС죡
ĺãҶСѵѸȫأ˵ǵǸ񰮴İʷôصةݲЩ֧ܸıʲô
ʱͿһǣȨĸ첮λãֻܶ㸩ʱҲһزգһƽ
أ㲻£첮Ϊ˶ԸҶС죬ҲȻͶ£ǰΪҡźαǹ˧ĴԪ˧ȨȥףջɾˣͲɵڶة
΢ЦΪһӡȥԸһոյεĵʷԽݣ˷飿๫ұܾĻ첮ĳ棬ŽȻ
֪ߣΪ첮ҶС첻ϣʶ֪ߣɵΪͷϣΪɽۻܾ֮ʣٳʰ棬ף
Ŀн¶֮⣺๫ʵһֱģñܾĻʱܾĻ󣬲ñܾĻʱܾͬĻ󣡺Ǻǣ๫Ϊ㲻֪أʦүǣ
ڵһͺŭ񣿡
Ŷü΢صˣ
ٲһۣǰֱ˹ȥñϢݣݺݶŵıӰֱӰʧڻſڣŷ߷ߵһ˦ӣ֮

첮ĴۣҶС˸ţʱԶѾ뿪Ǹһӣǵڳңңִ˲ƣ¡
첮ķԸǣһƥؿҶСҶˣɡ
ҶСûУͺòһ첮ĵӡ첮ܣͷҲأ߳ΣŤͷȴҶСУСѾͷңңϥǰɵظȡ
첮һΪգһǳ˸·ˣ԰һأ
첮ŤŤͷŷͷԳǵظԱߣŶڳСɽһ˿ƮƮؿڼͷ첮İһ޺޵һӣ˿µϡ
ҶСµ⴦լԺòԶϾΪ˷ÿð칫Ѿûзٹ򷢵ԶԶģǾʵ˵ȥˡ
ҶС˳ԺһⴱլԺеСһСԺӣһָңмһССݣԺһǴ˸
ݣһֱ߾һ̨̨ϷһѾѬĨڵү⣬һͨӣǼҾȽ׾ݵӡ
ʷٶŵ͢ϣ̶֥һС٣һѾͷĴˡ֪ظµģȻôСһլ
ʵȻϲҶС죬ȴҲѡһլӶ첮šȻŻĻӣ˵ȻΪǻ⡣
ŷ˲ŹȰ磺ҪôԸȻԸǾʹġظˣӡپǲϲҶʷαظЩ˼ǣ¿ӵĴأ
һһ飬۾ģҲϲŭңңСⷿӴСѾϵҶС档ëǸˣȴ¶
һԺӣëǾ¿ˣأǵʷǾ͸ôСһƷᣬסûϵðסⲻǺô
޴һҲҶС磬ȥСܼסЩʱգǸöһۡ
ҶС΢Цﲻѽùÿ첻硣˵йǧ䣬˯һôһ·糾ˣͲҪˣͷѡϼ֮ؽۡ۾Ϳ
첮ķһֱװûëǺ޴༤ߵĻҶСô˵ͷ٩䣬첮һҶСǸЦͷһȻе㲻ĸо


30 ܿգ
첮ѾҶС˲ֻһΣɵúܣÿҶСʧصʱҶСҶСĻ˵ҶСˣ¿ˡ
ҶС챾һ˵˻˵СѾͷңң˵ģȷʵҲˣ첮֪˼ûһЦȿŭҪЩ
첮ĿʼЩˣҿôһɱŪɳ׾ˣСʲô
첮ţصС˵㣬Ϊʱִ٣һʱҲķӣù㲻ÿô磬ǺǡҶʷļ˰ɣɫ磬Ҵȥʷòǣʶһ£Ҳ𹫰ˡ
ҶС΢ЦةˣأʵúܣͲة˴·ˣһȥʷǡ
첮һۣƤЦⲻЦصȻˣǱپͲˡٸոոΣͷǧͷĻû˳Ͳˡ
ҶСةԹȥæҶĳٱȥá
첮İڰֵԶ͡
ҶСվסŲЦعһ֣ߣͣ
ʱҶС컹վ첮˵ͣĲˣżȥ
첮ֱҭһ£ۼҶСѾתȥɷнµ˰һסޣ·Ѿ뿪ƵģֻðݵضŶȥ
ҶСŶһԷңң²ܵ㰲һ䷿ˡίŵס£ǼҸ˴ӣһƯĹ¥
ðð˼ҸСһ˯ңңϲȸԾһѱסҶСĴȡ
ҶС첻ЩΣôСëѾͷ˯һݣҲûʲôڵģڻϪʱ򣬾˵˵лԼңңδӣһסһЩˣȻңңôС
ҶСһ˯ģ죬ᳳ˯þ첮˯һݡ
ңңʳָס䣬С˼ҾҪС˯һ𡣡
ëǵ磬Ǿͽһ°ɣңң˯һݶͷ˯һݶιͷȸ˵
Ƥƹž޲ӣ̵ӦϷ򲻴ġ
ëǡ͡һ˭򲻴Ǵܸ찡Ǹ㣬Щƿƿ޹ޣֻܶѵȥǧҪҹĲ£³
죺
һһ߰죬һ߰Щƿƿ޹ëǵļµȻûзŽݣҲûѣȫ濿ǽϡ
ǽǰһʲôķĻһۼΧǽɫٶϸ߸̳̳߰޹ޣž񡭡
ҶСڷŶʱע۲һ£յģʲôûУ׵㻽ëǵëȥʮִճӦ֮
ëиеط˯ûȱʲôһ˫ֵۣصɣиӣɶˣʮִĶ
ҶСűӣˣȥˣ죡塭
з۾ӷѭյҶСߣʵʲô𣿡
ҶСĬһ£ûˣ
޴״̲סЦ磬¶ͽҰɣ۾أͷȱʲôֻҪɨһ۾ȫ֪ˣ׼ðȫ
ҶС޴Ŀ򣬸пصֵܣһ²ףԭûбȽϣһȽϣ;ţʵͦ׵ġ
޴౻ҶСһޣüЦصǣֵںôҲǴӻ̵Ĵƹ񣬼桮޸ճСĴ¶ܲףҰ£ģȥˡ
޴෭˿ߴǮ㹻С˳˳ȥ

ⴱӵԭ˰Ѷþ⣬ΪסլԺǹٸСηʰҲܸɾǰ򿪷źþˣҲûʲôɰٵġ
ҶС໹ûͶëǵȴڼȴȥͣҵֵܣǸؼ⡣ȥãȥʷһǡ
ëǴӦһǣңңְ͵ſڡҶСԹݣϤľСǣɵΣһӹĸоŲȥܿ͵á
ҶСţֱתʷǩѺС꣬ʱǼٵʷȴǻʵĳ͢٣Ȼһ
ҶСипţһ·߹·ٲҶС첻öʶǣȴʶλһʱġʷҶС죬һŹֵ˵·ߣĿȥ
ҶСĶŵΪл߹ȥʱ˽·Цݶһģһ
ǰʷǵʷҶʷҲǵʷ˳һģһǻˡ
ҶС˲ȻʧЦϸ룬س˹ԱǺĺֵܴ֪࣬ݵľֻѭƴˣ֪ǰ˺첮һվסţûмŵǲɵġ
ҶС찵ţܰͷԡȻ⼸˵ߵúܽҸð͸¶һ£ֻҪܽҵİףҲ˿⻨֪غ첮ĵıǮֻǲ֪ʱգǸȡ˶Ȩͷҵƴ˽һ£Ҫ֪֪˲źá
ҶСһ·һ·룬һ̧ͷѾ˵ʷʷŻƣһǼλͷǩѺҶСһһԼ˽ȥ
ȣʷ˭εʷҶС죡
ҶС˵仰һһʷزʶģһزʶĵģһĳģһҲʶ
鰸һдֵѧæ±ʣӭǰҶС칰ЦʷƷȣʷˣѾӵ˷Ը֪Ҫû뵽ô͵ˣةûô
ҶСѿʵƷԭƷأһ¶һĨɫҶСæŶ֮ǰ˴˵Ǵ˴Ʒ񼣬ȴû뵽Ѿˡ
ȻȻЦ˵òԭǵʷƷһ磬Ѿཻ˲ʹԭǸõĲة˷Ը˲ʹǺǣڸƣȫ˵
Ŷ
ҶС쿴˿ʷһİףʵǼҲǽŻģ
ò׷ЦǷǵģˣ
ҶСһתߣȻԡ


31 ֮
ҶСǵةǩѺһӵĻתȣſ۶ʶʷģҶС춼֪λ밬ʷòͬҶʷæʩٲҲ¶һֹŹֵ
ҶСĿбӣȻֱãֻС̺һҶСէֹ첮ͣס˫֣΢΢ϣЦҶʷѾˣ
ҶСֱͦͦվסʵʷ˵ǣة˶ˣ
첮ĵصԵͣ¡ιʣǾþһ˴󣬱໥ᡢ֣ùڲˣĲȡһ˽ٰǽǱ˴֮иල˴˲ϤҲͺѹһ²֮£Ҳױ¶ҶʷǾʲôô
첮˵ţĿҶСһ΢΢¶ƣһ֡бѽļ⡣ҶС첻ˣ¿ʱôױ֧ģЦЦãԭˣ޲װȻة˵İţ¹Ӿǣ
ҶСһ֣תߣ첮ļڶϢĶȥСˣɰԵ⣬üһһң
ҶСߵſڣȻͷةˣ¹и֮룬֪˵
첮ļȻȻҶʷαؿл˵޷
ҶСة˽ܷҪ¹ǰأ
첮Ǻιʣ
ҶСҶĳʱһ飬˴˵ĸǳáϧǰڽͷһƥˣҶĳΪ˱áһ㵯٣ͻ᲻뵽
첮Ŷһźλѣóյˣ
ҶСҡҡͷݵصǵ޻ġ
ۣ
СֻЦ͸Ͻսͣͺ죬ſ۵ҲŤ
첮ˣۿҶС찺ȻְȻȥ߷ߵһңһҶˣ޻ġ
ҶСصԼǩѺڵԺ䣬ȥ˿ȻƴϵȼеҲȫˣƴϱȥ˲ִʹ
ҶСŭԼǩѺΧһһҶСȥæɢҵƣʵҲ֪æЩʲô
ҶСС꣬Ȼ֪Źǵʷģ߹ȥһһǩѺʵԺе˶ǽջģ
ƣƷԥԥҪӦſںȻվһˣң
ҶС˫һ̧ͷһԱףվǰһ뼰أһսַһѪĳݣɷڣٲȻ廢Ͻϻҡ
ҶСľȻã˻Դҡȥͷ룬Ȼ֪ˣ°ɣ
ǣˣ
ɨص¬ͷɨѣŴȥ
ҶС죬¬ͷǺܼģԺֻ¬ͷ֪յҶʷǵյİʷΪƴϵѣҶС뿪֮ƴϰ಻ס͸¶ܡ
ҶС˫ֳڰϣüģ΢΢һ˿⣺еˣȫ첮ĵˣЩҲ֪˭ǻĸ˭첮İڼ䣬һʧȻ

ʱ򣬻֪öõĻΪҶʷةӷ硣ͷＸˣة첮ġѧ͹衢ѵšѲСҶ˰δʹĽࡣ
СҶҶСǺѺõģǣҪҶС߶̫ģҶСݡҶСҡһ䣬ĺصʷ˼ɾͲˡֳֻϣ˲˵ʲôֻһЦһоڲ֮С
ҶСһů˵յأͺһѽκڶѽε˰棬õľɲҲˣձλȻѲ죬վĶȥ
ҶСתĹˣֿ˹ͻţ˸ոкȻϯλˡΪ첮ѧ飬ʦ֮꣬ǰ
첮Ĺλ֮ϣλҴݵæ񣬵ɫ֮䵭ҶС쿴а⣺λϷӣ첮İȨ޵ΪȻǼΪܵģҲ°Ȼ˵췴겻ɣֲȥ췴ǹܱʣõúˣɱ˲Ѫġ
ҶС컺£ͼٱȲ裬ղӦƤ۲ҶС죬ҶСһȥԸо۾ոմ¡
ҶС룺ϺȻǺص֣ɵλȴȵȨʼΰѳУƽȻɽ¶ˮģΨгǸϺ꣬ҲɲڶԸ첮һһʱǿ
ҶСϺŵ΢ЦĿ̸Ц̵ڶ΢΢һɨ˱Ѿлһ
´ǣҶСԶĵαʾӭվл̬һǱｻֳսɻԾ
ҶСλ˰δʹĽ࣬ԭʶŻû֪ؼʵһҶСΪĽһƣĻѵ̸ЦĳĽæַл
ҶСЦ΢΢ص´ʹ˰տɻ˳ô
ҶСֻһʻЩϵ˭֪ȴʵĽʹĽüͷһš̾һѣѰѰѾһûˣӹûǶӰɣԭɶȾܹˡ
⻹ΪسǵشϿȵͰشɽЩ˼ңȫɽϿ￿Էţׯȫˣôȥ͵ÿ˰ٵ˰磬ȥ˻Щ۵İջ
ҶСɽ亣ζȻûθڡʵϾû취
Ľ̾취ô취ֲʦܺ绽ꡣ߼կţⰡ㻹˵կؽһλʿҲһǮ졭
ҶСüͷֻܼЩʿǳô
ĽˣɲɵģܰšҲپͲǵ鷳ˡҪȻô죿ү˭а취
ʱſһӣ˴ţͣ㲻ȥ
ȥģ
Ӵ
ſͻȻײһ˼ײڿŵһžϣ㶡һˤһأֲĹԱæǱض½ϵĲȺ;ˮ
һ಼խ䳤ۣϵͷñֵصĻϷˣ˵磡
ſڼ͵ʱѴŭվһˣİȵʣַʲôˣ
ҶСһˣ΢Цѭ졣


32 
ѭ첻ͷƲƲǣ붪䲻ӲĻҭһ½ĿһתȻҶС죬ʱɫһϲ
ҶС켱æ˸ɫѭվסתˣǱְðʵһ׮ͷȴ£̬ѲŴ˾磬ˡ
Ϊ˶ҶС조Ұ硰סڵѭҲˣ׳ಶͷȥŹ٣ŵľΰѭΪ˺һܣû˵Щ
Ĺ¹죬ñֲԽѵֻűʲôҪ£콲
ѭ̵ص¶ñְ˵ɣֻһʱ˵ף˵ˣٶ䣬ְǴ
̣ͷǱȵʣϷŪô˵򱾹ʲô
ѭöͷ𣬸żˣЦصˣѽְ˵˵ˣϧŶ̫ѽˣ档
簭ŷ˵ӣ治ܰѭôٸôȥԱЦѭóȴ˼ɣֻúȵˣѺ˴
Ǹײӵļ͸ովүԸæӦһһ̶ȥһһ̺֡ɫڵѮϺС
ͶϺָλǱشүʲô£ϰɣ
ϺһʧɫһɽũسǶûأ˵ǺܴܴĹٶˣ̫үⱲӾȻлῴ̫ү
ϺϽ߲һڻǰߵͷ絷صС֪شү
˶Ի㹧һϺͷྵʵϣɫ΢΢¶Ц⣬ͰصˣˣټͣͲҪʩˣ𻰣
Ϻæǣǣսսŵ˫½ֱ䣬̧ͷһۡ΢ЦʲôҪ٣
ϺæҡͷС϶ûʲôҪү
ŭݺݵѭȥѭϲڳſڵʱô˵ģү˵˵ˡ
ϺȻŶС϶ԭǳݸϣʮǰӻ롭
ôüͷͲ˵ˡ
ϺһʱãȻ֪Щ˵ôӺ˵
ѭһϺ̫ľګֻվˣҹ֮󣬱ְ͹˳ţ˭֪СͻȻһСϵ£ְǡ
ְҪôȥͶ׿ѣҪôڳ¶Ըһޣȵٽǡֻһʱ˳˾Ϊô˲ǣСְ߱˵߼կկеģ
ϺæͷԶԶԣկӵˣú
ѭ˵СļҾկ߶ϣɽϿĶɽũա²꣬ӱСϪСϪɳ˺ӵɽϸǸɺ߼կկΪˮеϡ
ϵʱկկɽȥѰ߼կĻһڸ߼կկĿ£Щӣ߼կկŭ˴׳ȥկ򶷣Сǣҹ롣
ϺͷԶԶԣôһ¶
ѭһɫĻ磬Ȼְģ˶¶ӦûȽϸȤԾʹˡҪǾ¶ûʲôҪְϴ뿪

һȣ˫ммȻվסҶСԶҶʷةд£ӷֻܵΪֹˡ
ԶæΪһظĸԵԹΪء¹Ѿʤ͸ˡ
˹֣ةѲ졢Ҷʷ£λˣЩȥЪϢɣ
˷׷׸ǣƬ̹оֻʣ˻µλԱԼѭС
Сֲ̿վǶǴϺϸѯһկеΣѭȥɫصصλˣԴкμ⣿
üͷһ壬Ҵָ֣Ժѣɽвսƽɿƣ͢ųƽϢʵһŭ֮£λ˾ѡķڵĿΪ졣ΪˮֻƲɿƣټϰյׯڻһţһɱҡ
֪ɫ䣬ĵġկеʲô£կԺѣɽصĲȫͻһ𾪳͢Ĵҡ
ũ񱩶Ϊֵţʷ󺵣ڼȴգһũΪ󺵣ŸսҸͶСС֮͵ñǹˡüߣκһʵ͢ͷθҲأ
뵽СӵЩмˣկ÷ҲԼƾ֪١ǵȵ²ɿƵʱ򱾹ٲ֪ǾʹȥӣѭСӣȻ֪Զ֪롣
Ļ˫һկϤһ磬ɽͣһկΣ
ԵγΪعٳϵĲ̣Ϊ֮һþͻԼ飬иĸӶţŲԼϣҡͷ¹ֻǸկ֣Ѿչе¹࣬˱ԲְҲȨ֮ӣףס
ЩĿǵһ·չȥ롣Ϥկˣʵѡ
ȣȡมȣ
û˵꣬Ϳź࣬һϾҪģǴ˻Ļ
ҶС룺ĺ𩲻ֳˡճС·ôô˾Ȼֵˮݵĵز
һƴǲȥҶСӧˣȻ岻ʣɽԽ룬¹Ը
ҶС컹û˵꣬ü첮һȻվȥ
ҶС첮ȥ첮һصذ֣˻ŰȻկˮȻչеĳƹܱ˾óͣ
첮ڶҶСִеľȫġҰ޿֮ˣ޿֮£ֱ׼ܿգһп޵ĿܣʱڲϸҶСµĻᡣ
ңյأǰںصֲãһԼ͵λ˫կеȻǸ鷳֮ҲĪĻԼʮģܵͣկľףԽҶСǰͷŴ¡
һϳ棬Ȼİã¾ةȫȨ𣡡


33 ౾ɫ
Ϊˣ˽ˡԣǷȱľǶһں棬˳档
һΣʶկľһã룬ΪӡһҪȫûµ
£ϺеҶСӧֲԸҶСǻıɵҶСͣ첮һ棬Ӧˡ
ڻ翴첮Ĳɿѣ첮Ĳǰı㣬ڱҲһ൱ĸͬʱֲҶСһ²ơٳأÿƵһˡ
ҶСة˸˾İȴ¹٣¹ټѵΣةǰʧְ𱾷ݣةˣ¹١
ҶС컹û˵꣬Ѿ˵ҶʷոյΣϤҴʮش󣬻ةȫȨΪáǲ֪ЩɽҰ˲ʶ̻ǰġ
֮˵Щ֮Ұĺܣ첮ةǶٻܿУʷȥˣǸԡ㻹ʡʡɡ
ҶСǹĸĺˣҲΪ£ԴΪԸ֪غةȻô˵ҶСֻա
첮ĵةһɽɣ
첮Ȼص̬α¹ǸС·ҹɽ£
Ȼةڹ£ʵڹŵĿģʮο
첮ı߰˸죬ΪɽߣҲϹٷС·ǴҴ뿪á
첮ĲǲЩȥȫȥҪҲͲˣĪӱԳԼһ³ɣܴһᡱ
ǹ٣ȥͣµģկ첮뿪ǷصĳŰôһͲˣˣ¹ٸǣ
緽汻ܾãֻعһ֣һߣͣ
ҶС״Ҳǣ˿ѭŹ٣Ȼظ첮ɽһҶСѭӭЦҸóһʷػҶʷ
ҶСЦҶҲãհҲգҾң㣬ǻǣ
ѭȻǻǣ˵գҶС˵㣬ȻȥգֵǳԾơ
ѭһЦ֪ҪֵǶĵĺܣ׼Ϊ˽ӷϴˣֻҲ֪ڵݺӦǲʶģΪ˽ӷ磬ϯֻѺΣʱΪ˰ھƽӷ磬ϵط̫׾ӣ
ҶС΢Цŵ˵ͷ˵ٲ˳ȥһӿѭ죬𱸵ѭ죬һҪڹԱǰ˵²̨ô
ѭ췭˸۶һƦģҶ㻹ҪôҸСƵģһͿͷͿˣ
ŭ㹧̬ȣϹ١Ľ򣡡
ѭش˸ǷԻǣү𾴵ĽˣСҪȥسˣҪû¶ۻؼɣѭﳤȥѻôӵۣƫƫް취

ҶСصԼסһԺŶԺŶӦԭ͸ŵģҶС첻ɻһЦ
ΪңңѾ˯ˣ볳Է˽Ųſڣŷеƹ͸ҶСһƷţ֨ѽһſˣҶСһΣĿɿڴ
ǽ߱һų϶̳̳޹ޣ˿̳ǳ̳̳޹Ҳ̳̳޹ޣϾȻֶһֻ¯Ƿ¯һֻο̻ܵѬ¯Ʈ㡣
ǰһֻ齣޶ſ齱ߣңңϣͷŸ޶ĴԴڴ˯Ȼ÷գĴ˶
ҵ̨̨һżܣ϶໹ûĴССĺӣģӦöһЩ档ϸһҲ֪Щʲôӣƹһգ
˵ƹ⣬ƹⷢʽͬߣͭɣϱкɫӺʹ̵ҶĶǹ͡оĵطһ𣬴Ӵĥý͸ĵɫʯƤ͸һſ͸˵ҡ
ﻹм̴ľĹñΣмһαߵСëǺ޴ࡢ죬Сżϸɹ̣ʢʸɫĹӡ
ӿͰ͵ضһԣһֱץģȴһҲҶ㶯첲ȶ͵˶ǽϹҵֻҶСһʱûע⣬ѾһĻˡ
ЩôȻûУЩڴڻ֪صĺլȫû⡣ʲôطһӵݡţ岽˲һôط
ұźһ̨źһˮףôණͷ½ôͷҪŪЩջƣ˱ǡ
޴ëǡ˵ŻһŴ򿪣ҶСſڣվΰһƬ죬ϥСε˹̣ϥӶһˣײ齡
Уңң۾һҶС죬ϲؽеС磡һƫȶ˵أϽеңңСЩ
ӴңңС磬ϥǡѩѩغʹëһȥۼֿطסΪطС޷ȫչ¿ʵҲ½ŵĵطֻ÷ӭС졣
޴ֿЦ磬˰ӴСЩˣǲ廨ƿӡ
ҶСεվסŲడ㡭ôණʲô
˴ֵƣЦеصѽûǮԼֵܣ㻹Ҽô
ҶС˷ͷصҲ˵㻨Ǯ࣬˵ð켸ҾžˣŪô࡭ڶڲ°
ЦŶ˵ûû£ĥɣͷûĪһ۾ðˣͷ˴լһá㿴ֵ۹ôɶǺö
ҶСЦడұëأһһزŵˣҶ˵㣬ɡ
ҶСһŰһŵش߰ĶȥֻܰϣûȥιһĲˡ


34 
ҶСѱĸ첲۵ңңϴȣһ߸ϥǣһ߶ëǵʲôԵûУҸոϹӦˣûԼڶ
ëӺ׶µĹӣûԵġ
ҶС̾˿ңңϣңңңңҪ˾Ȼ˯ɣŪڳԵġ
ңңҡҡͷңңأСһ˯
ҶСһǵԴվһƣʵ׸װĶˣ
׸ף׸ף
ҶСֺЦֺҪôţ
ЦŶҪڸǰɣ׸ˡ
ҶСҡͷЦ治Ǵ˼ҵĺӰ˼ҵĹʮָմˮ˼ҵүǲ֪νײ谡
ͻȻסˣɵصνײ衭
ҶСʧЩ㲻ᶼûɣ
̵صˡ
ҶС˿ЦУ㻹¶
ڨڨصֻ衭ˣڵɶʯϺõĲ谡νסû򡣡
ҶСЦã˵׷ɡ
һסҲ򡣡
ҶСĬȻƬ̣̾үǴүˣˡ
޴ͻȻʲôüЦذǰһ߷·һٱң߰˶
޴߰˰죬·һֽŵĶױƵĶҶСҾ˵ÿ춼ҪҰ𻨸⣬ҵܣûϣӦûûꡣ
ҶСЦ𻨸⣿˵ϰͦõģҽ첻öˡ
ҶС˺ֽҧһڣɫͻȻˡ
ֺֻ£ǰӽ̾Ĺ𻨸⣬Ů˵壬ǿһڻϮˣҧһڻŴ£壬ɿڡ㡢Ź㣬һһذѡ
ҶСѹ𻨸ݵǰϽƴǵÿ춼ƷζȻҴ˿Ѳ㻹ȥӰɡ
ҶСҾ𻨸һֻʮˣ
ʧɫʲôѵһ죬©һζĹ𻨸⣿
ҶСݺһƣץһˮͷѾǿζĹ𻨸û֪ˡ

գҶС컹ûгԱӣθѾǿ黵Ĺ𻨸ûˡҶСĥãɴ˵ȥˣҪҶСߣҹ̸ҶСһ߳ȥ
ѵֿƵݣҶСҡҡͷҲʰëϨѬ׼ϢëǻݣҶСңңֽ˶ݡ
ҺҶСԴĲŵѾ˳ֵ׼Խ˶ݺûйݵľ档һ֦ľļӴггҽ𹳣ΧһӦȫ糺ɫģϲֶܵ鴲
һȻƻʵľһֻͰ߷Ž齣һ׻ƻΣǽһױ̨һ˺ֵͭһȴôһſڵֱǽһΪռޣԵס˰ǽߵİӡ
ⷿɲ˼ôһſµļӴѾռȥ˷һĿռ䣬ټ硢ΡͰмʣȥĵطˣôһռ䣬ȻһԲεԡ衣
ңңϲ̵صС磬ﻹˮأҪҪϴ裬Ҹ걳
ҶСһϽ첻ϴˣۣЪ˰ɡʱҶСŷңңһ׼ҾӵСͷ΢ʪ⣬С͸죬Ѿԡˡ
ҶСĻشңңɵشӦһԡԱбӲȥŽ̤һ˫СЬѵںãϥ£һ˫ѩ׵Ĳطڴβһߡȥѣ⿪ͷֻС£ŽѾϣһ˫ڰ׷Ĵ۾ҶС졣
ҶСȥ˯
ңңصԵģҪ˯ߡ
ҶСЦΪʲô¸˯ʵӴˤ𣿡
ңңЦصȻǴˣôˤ´ءס
˵ңңɫһҧҧ촽ָĿڵˮ˵Ů˲˯ڴߡҹʱҪȥǲΪ˵Ҳ
ҶС˳ͷˮ뿪㣬ĴǲҪˣֻǡ㻹Сܶ˵ҲֻҪ֪ľͺá
ңңҧ촽˵ͷ
ҶСֵˮ˵ĹȻ㻹С㷸ɡѽ˯ߣӸȥҲģᳳ˸硣˯ߣ˯Եɵɵģһҹʱѹ㣬Ƕ۰
ңңСԴ룬ƺͬҶС˵΢ЦŵͷӦ£Ӹϣһ˫˵Ĵ۾գѽգؿҶС졣
ҶС˯ɣתϨ˵ƣϴȥѡңңԱ߲˵ϸϸģҶСܸоߣȴһҲССӣָоǳ
С˶һ᳤һءҶСȻһ£ϾԼľ񣺡˼룬ǸСѾͷӷذ
һ磬ҶСѹһ˯ʱʵʵңңѾ˸һ첲һȴϣС˵˯㡣
ҶС΢΢һЦÿֽţǺñӣµءﻹôңëǻں˯ܹ﷢ĺſţûĶԺƵشȭ
ҶСվ˰߶Ҳû֪Ǵȭ̫רעʵڲáҶСøмۻƿһȻһյüӰӵˮ
ҶСĳȥͣҪȥ͵ôȫˣңң˯̽ѡ֮£ҶСȻ˻ƷɵĺãƷڵʱΪԷ

ҶСϵõʱ򣬵ȵȼѾˡ
ҶС¹Σ֪غةǰͷ׼Ҷʷģ˭ʱùͷԵҶС߽ǩѺʱ򣬼Σ飬Ҳ֪æЩʲô
ʷˣëֽ̫ʮšʷֽʮšֽʮšֽһ̨īʮöëʮ֦
ҶС쿴˿ˢˢˢǩԼ֡
ʷˣշн̿ʯƤˮһֻ
ҶС쿴˿ˢˢˢǩԼ֡
ʷˣַ첾ᣬīöë֦
ʷˣ̷ǮĸزԤ֧нٺѾ׼ˣ֧
һҶС촦ľЩ顣
ǵʷܼ£൱̾ӳʾЩӰ˵¶Ҳǻ硢첮ĹΪΪʷͬʱǳɣ칫ƷԼɶܡ
ʱֹôϸͨһԱҪְ񡣱ȫظ˰աȰũ𣡢ּƶĻ׵ȣ
ةΪĸ֣Ҫȫص顢ֿ⡢˰ͬʱڵļලҪȫȫػȵȡ
Щ¶ҶС첢޲ףֻһûһϵİӣǾЩѰˡҶСɻ̧ͷע⵽ǶĿ⣬׹ȼܿҵˣҪܿҵȨˣ


35 ǧ
ʷƷһװģһѲǶȱȻҲһ춼Ƕװ࣬ʱոշȻע⵽ҶʷĿ⣬Ͻ̯ոպ£Ĳᣬר־״
ҶСȻЦˣ
ȸϽ̧ͷŵصְڣ
ҶСµصٳǳɣƹܼ¡һˣûһغͼ飬ĪǱΰѾ·ʰŵĵز
ڨڨصŶǡȣˣû֮ǰةͣԸϵ˾£뱨Ƕȥûةǩκ˲ԴϣΥϳ͡
ҶС£·ĸֻᡰŶһ̬ȣЩ֪ˣϽ͵ΪʱδΣة˲д˷Ըֻة˻δְ
ҶС΢Цŵͷףףةͣ
ȵǣ
ҶСȡҿ
ȸϽһݲᣬˢˢˢط˼ҳȡһŸʺӡĹŽżȥ˫ַҶС졣
ҶСùǷݸةӡĹһ£һۣͲȲصˣ⡭ʽģӦù鵵鵵
ҶС΢΢һЦȻסģˣգٱύ
Ȳ˵ֻӦ¡ҶСվߡſòһһҶСϵͷصʷˣСǹƵ𡭡
һʷˣСƵϺʡ
ҶС˦Ӵм˹ȥǹƵĻƵģʲôµȱٻ˵
ҶСף첮ĶȻ⣬˾ֱ֮ȨǿаҪְǺЩСǷѣֻȡ裬ʧ˷ȡ
£ְλߵ˺ָܲÿһ˶ѭ졢ƴϡܰͷһЩ˺ԼǲĽ顣ڷֵߵȫһЩʮͷؼϵѻǰ̸ͬ˾ԡ
¬ͷɨԺӣһҶСվסصˣ
ҶСͷҪǰ߹ȥ¬ͷȻСˣС϶֪˭
ҶСһվסӣת¬ͷЦеģСӰĵ⣬ҶС˻С϶ܿġةΪѴˣС϶ҲóܱةľѶԸܶǡ
ҶСһۣ΢Цļͷٲȥ¬ͷЦеؿҶСıӰɨһӣɨȥҶС̤Ľӡ

ҶС뿪ţؼһëǺңңţڼµĸ޶ʹӻϲȸԾҲ˳լж²عĵ̳̳޹ޣҶСҲû
ܶ࣬͸̻ɽְҲ˻ȥеţͬʱҳ̿ҵһллϳиһűţؽӡ߳С˼õĳʽȥûй
ҶСңңëǣŴӺ͸޶СתһͷһȻǰһɽ
ذɽȣɽУɽԭ󲿷ֳǸͬСɽǺܸߣسΨһĸɽɽһǵҶСյأÿȫǮϳסĵط
ҶСٲɽȻɺ꣬ɽСϪȻˮҶСߵɽưܵǰɽȥش붼۵ס
þɽ£Ӵ˴Ժǰ󲼾һĿȻ˴õҲλãҶСЦңңǰѷӽô
ңңϲصð˼ǰסء
ҶСָָصǶｨһΧǽƬʯƬ֡ߵȫڡǰСҲҪȦԺӣûˮԺλˣլӾԴ˴Ϊġ
ëզ಻ѵص磬㡭ǰѴɽȦȥ˰
ҶСҪȻ޶ʹÿţռشСûϵֻҪϲƾС
ëͷУǮǰɽĳǼҲ԰ӰûǡôһƬլӣ²ܽã
ҶС΢ЦôãҪ죬пİ취
ҶС˵ţĿѾɽµϪһͷҡԹ꣬ſȶ˳ϪһҶĳŲֻżһһˮһﵶı¨СƷˡ
磬ûȥʣ
ƷߵҶСߣҼһͣ¨㻬䵽ҶСǰһͷ¶Ц
ңңеƷɸ磡
ëǾϲصѽѽСӣĥأСӲĶȥˡ
ҶСãȥʡ
ҶС׼լӵ¶ԻƷ˵һ£ʹˣֲãûбʵˣһɡǣҪǷӣɵ֣Ҫ콨ã
ɽߣȷʵûбȻƷɸʵˣֻҪȥһεĵطһҵõҶСĻƷȻӦʣãȥ
ƷɵҲɴ࣬˵·ֻҪһһ֣ڴ֮ͲûгԵģȻҲô
ëǿĵضҶСզôأһⷿӸǵûˢˢؿ찡
ҶС΢Ц
صʵԶںغ֮ͭĳɽ֮䣬ֻΪɽĵ·УֲӴײɽ
Ʒֻʱ͸ϵ˳ɽ֮еأϵ̳ҶСķԸԸеȳһ˵ڳһϲһֱھҪҪЩ£ֵĹɣἤŭѱߡ˵ҪôĵطլӣǲԶˣɲһϢô
ڳϾἰʮһկ֪ͨ˵ҪһۡҪἸկ˳Ϊ߸Ƿӡ
կһΪ߸ǷӣһשһľظǺõķӣǸ̴˾סģǺεȵҫĪĹ°ʱἰʮһկȺӦһ죬Ӹկ׳ḾŮʹﵽһˣڶ
Ʒɴʧɫô˳ɽôǸǷӻҪ췴ƷƾܣڳҲе࣬ϾǸǹĳ
˻ȥЩĸߣڳϲϵͣȷÿկӶ˲룬ȷŮдֽկֹͣһٲüڰѹ˰ǧˡ
ǧ磬ڻƷɺ̫õ£ƺƵسɽˣ


36 
ΰuһ£
޴վڲֿſڣһɤӣһܹһץڼͷĺŶͷĺˮһ߶޴󶫼ңʲô°
޴ָָֿѻɽĻ㣬ôģЩѾѹˣеĶˣ㿴ٿʹоζˣôȥӶɹˣ
ΰѿЦ󶫼ңֵǲʵֶȱҺҵկˮеѾۣλҰֵܶлȥˣһ¾һĳʽ򡭡
ΰѶʮͷ׳ǱʯؼŵıۼӢգʱǵЦ⣬ʹԵŮԵֵÿһ˳;׬ӻȥ¥ʱܽеƯĹɻǮȴ٣ʱ򻹻ЩﵹֵĽòˡ
ΰĿǰǡ޸ճСĴ£ҲõĳʽԵĳʽ·һЩ·ʱֻܰѻСȥٰѻһȥֻһӱֱϣЩڱ̵÷
ͬʱֶЩȭţˬƣڳкѡ»һҪԭľĵϵ
ľڵʱ򣬳еĴ½гڣʱΰѸвһ࣬ΪԵãܵڵĴѹľ󣬳һŵˣΰ˳ͷ֮ա
ΰѵĻüͷǾٹֻҪûǮ¹Ͳˣ
ΰΪѵص󶫼ң֪˵˼Ҳ٣ǺֻܶҪпڷԣͲԸ׬;ǮЩ˿ϳ뷹̫ܳ;һ˻۾͵øɥѡ
޴ࣺ
ΰѵһľ󣬳һ˵ɣ˳ϳСһл˳лϳУȺ˺ܶˣ˼õĳʽ־͸ˡ
ֵϱһ˿嶼ûУĶͷƽʱӲһ֣ƲֵصôǸ˼ԼģʱҪӼ⳥
ΰ룬󶫼ңЩ𻵽ŵĶˣͬʱٶЩ֣İ취ʵ벻ˡ
Բ°룬ҡͷЩصĻԼ˵ĻˣЩ˵Ķ˾ͰԼ⳥ɣҪס⼸һǮ׬ǵҲˡַ棬ˣǮЩ
ΰѵͷǣȥšͳһ𻨸⣬ݺݵҧһڣġ𩣬ŵĻ쵰ѵһ첻꣬ǾҪɽһô

Զ֮ةСӹûģһ绨Ĵ˶ҹŮ˵ƣȴóԲã漸ûʲô¶
վǽͨŦ;Ҳ࣬Ǳ߾վ͹طվԺվλ⣬Ϊ˵ةԶʮƥ¿ʮͷţʮͷηˣһʮˣ⻹л·һٶʮˣںһˣȨգȻң
ӦԶһʱȴûʲôչ
һκةǳ͢ǲģһȴвݱԶʵ֪͢ǳں뷨һҪְλ֮ǰܲԶһ飬ԶĳѲ顣
ԶĿǰϤվ˽Ĳ£ͱǣֻҪãʱһЩĸȻΪةҪվ֮ȴ·ϵеȴѡ
Ϊ·дĳв룬Щд󶼱ۺٲһССةְֻ볯͢йأں·γеĹںְȨ
Զڻȥüʼ벻һʵ⡣Ǳ崩һȹϵһ磬һСѾӺ߳һҪŵģ
һԶصŲӣǱ岻мƲƲ죬СѾȥţСѾ뿪ԺСǱ˵ôΪô
Զһ۵ѵкð취
Ǳð취ûУ֪һҪôԼȥ죬Ҫô͵ȵ֣ŸոΣ㲻ΣһةҲҪ꣬ڲμ죬ʲô
ԶûصĳɱȲ㣬ǰֻһ֮ˣҸҲֻһӣǸᣬŬͻʧʧҾͻʧȥС
Ǳÿüë⻰ʲô˼ѵ˵ҾͲŬ£
Զ㵱ȻҪҪŬ£Ů
ǱΪ˾˵Ůˣ
ԶЦȻǣ˾ô͸ң׼ȷ˵Ӧ˾Ůˣֻ˾ˣϧ㻹ɻгһػ˾˵Ļģٶ֦ͩ
ǱüһޣȻŭûзŭȻһЦЦı飬ȻūҾһֻȸɾǲԸ֦ϣܰô
Զʱᣬ治ܰǱôǱ岻Ĳ£ӦµġΪݶˣӦû˵ǱһϴѵΪȥʾӦ
ǱһЦͦţֻĿȸƵߣߵſںվסԶӵȻ̫βԼһ᣿
ԶԼ᣿
Ǳ˲ˣһЩɽˣϽ£Ҫ·ò˳أ·Ļǲǻ
Զ׽Ǳ˵Ļӽ̧ͷʱǱѾԶˡ
ǱǵӦ֮ģ˳ͼˡվﶼˣӹʱֻһӹѾͷլһӦֻһѾæǱӡѾ
ǱѾŽسǣҵѡĸسҾ׵ӺѾȥʮֲִһЩճŮ֮ϻһ£ȥôһҶʷסԱ̽ңң
ǱصҪĿģ˾вӦϢҶС챣һϵʵǺңңһϵ·ϣǱңңͬѾͬСѾͷõĹϵңңλ̺кøС
Ǳϵſڣ°һָʹһǰѯҶʷסոǰȥͻȻĸǱܹײһߣôš
⼸˱ףԼǱŹһ١һܣһߴ󺰣֪شүة˱կ˸ץˣ죡˿֮ǰ


37 
ź룬ɨһлϵһŷֺǽ긮ʯͷһլԺֵطլԺһӼǮƣοϱд֣һռʮһĶĺլ
ӵؿһ̸л磬۾΢΢ֺܺ°һ£֣ڶ̶̵ôƸ
ûл羿˵ʲôղݺ񣬻˵ǷӦлĺ̨Ϊл·һϯ֮صĹؼﱾ﾿˭͵ġ
㣬л类ҸߣӦֻһӣҲƲԼһֶΣлܿҰŵصһöӣôݺ񣬾վȥˡ
ŵ˼ţԶǲҵˣҶС˵ΪļҵŮлҵˣ˾Ѿ˳͢ԺΪͻƿڣͼƹݵͼ
͢أȻͼƺصһϵдʩһʧܣ͢Ļ䣬ȱ㻹ûзƹݵ뷨Ŀǰ˵Ҳִֻܼһƣʱһ˵ʮꡢʮһ꣬пܵģ£Ҹúȥδأ
˼⣺ԭںأܾһΪկϵ£ңֻϣڵƳ͢һϵͼƺصʱܴá
͢ѾʲôҶǵӰҲԽԽСҪǣѾʼֺأѲԳΪ̣ʱ֪رվų͢ةվңҶʷվļңػ֮ô
л˵꣬ƺȻ񣬱̽ʵˣ
ŶŶ
Ѹ˾֮͢⣬һأΪʿƷӡ͢ȻаţȴѰ·ˣУֻҲһة֮λһ·ҪĿȨƺ־ڱصãұͶҰɣ
뵽΢ЦãȻˣǱٱӦˡصƶ·ϵ˵ƣ㾡ܺúپ㷽ǡ
лһ־ϲ޵ҪҶϡ鱦ԭûָȫӦЩﶼĲʮĻҲ
Ϸɹ鱦ͨͨݵת˽ϸ֮أҲԾĴϲԹرװη˱ׯϣ򯾴졣ַѾӵ̣ҲʼǮЩ鱦·
ϣʢԭ˼һдЩǱȻ˰Ҳߣ׬Ǯֻ˽Ҫ˽Ҫٸ˲Ӧ
ҪһǲҶҶΪսܵģΪز裬Ѳʳ͢ϷòҶƷ֮׳й֮O飬˽Ҷ͵˰©˰ء
лһԹּۻ۵ʱģʱͱȽ״Ӧ˽鱦ϵȴȻȫӦлȻϲ⡣
лĿѴлǣɫذǷݺ£УͿذͳȥհлͳţҪתԼǩѺȻ׵Ĳ촳ԺӣҴұȥˡ
üͷһ壬Щ֡Դľ̨زΪߣҲǰֹģôַŹ򲶿ô
ֻһŵۣʵʲô£
һѯʣæˣǼةɽͣկ׵ģ֪Ϊιʣةկסˣ˻˵ة֮Σ
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ɫ΢΢һ䣬˰֣۱˻ȥϷǩѺƷϲ̷Ըټոţ˵ǱٵķӲʣٻȥơ
ϲ̴Ӧһصһһۣ뿪á
˵ةկסʱľԴҶСŪľصһԣ֪Ѿܾûгֹ̥ľܰ״̬ˡ
첮ǽɽͣģԵαկأ˵첮Ļɽ֮ȻΧկĸ߼կһ߼կ˵ͣկ׵ģ첮ļ˸կկ˵կеǰֵ֮կ˽
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첮Ūԭίλկټһ˵λկסλΣΪӣ汲ǲڴ˶ӣһ֮ˮͣغİգΣȨõġ
󺵲꣬ˮҾãȻҪ󣬿ɶչȻȴδػ˿Ǽȴˡأǻô֮Ǿֺˮ
կ첮ĵկȱˮضѿһĿӣׯڶˣһưˮȥƤûʪͲӰӡˮʹկǰȴҪǲȡã֣ξ֣
첮΢΢һЦð죬Ͱկ˿ڵĶ֣կ˿կ˿ڵɣôһʮʱа˸ʱָկڴڼ䣬߼կȡһΡĸʱǽضϺɸ߼կȫʹáǹƽ
կһĿϴӦ˿կӱկɣסΣȴҪɵˮεˣˮȫöӲ㰡˵կסΣΪӽɽ⣬жߣʶٵɽĿҲկӶ࣬ضķҪŵٵģֱд
첮ڴеûʲô˽ģϣƽ£Ӷһţƻ⵽˸߼կǿҷԣֲȡһǾǰկӵеĶˮ˵Ȼ⵽կļԡ
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첮һ˽ģկȴǲȻŭ˰첮ץǼһٷųɽ˵Ҫ̫үկһĽǾҪֱֹ͢
һֱֹ͢һưˮͷõ˽ţֹֹ͢͢ϽԸ˵ȥ顣
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һҧַԸȥ﻽ˣٵһ˵ķ˻˼֢ûҽѾķ˼ϸͭʸҽȥˡ
ٻصһ˵ֻ̣ϻ쵰ֻϺ꣡
ڶת˰Σ֮£ֻ÷ԸȥҶʷҪ
ǲȥǰߵʷһүʷү˵үҪƷֻǲ˷Ըһǣϲ׾ݣҲôүķı˶ȱ
ôةѷ·ԸʷүͳͳȻҪ£ʷүɲӦУ˴үĴ£үоɣ
òԭǵʷˣҶС쵽֮ǰģ˵òȻŭȵʣ£Ҳ
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ҲΣ̧ͷĿĹԣٵһҪ壬Ǽ̣̣ͼǿӣ㲻ңȥ㣡
ڵһվȥ


38 ߸
ƷͻƷɫƵվţҶС췭˲ص˵˵ɣ깦Ƶģëʾһٰʮ֦ϣǺعôæ˵ëʶӴƷ
ûٺ»͹ʳģֻֽʷѡдѡʳҺڣ΢ԵѽԺãб˽ҡܻǳ֮¡Բôһ仰ˮ͡
Ȼ֮УȨƵľơƺ̿ƣǶˮ٣˵̰īӦһЩҶСзһ˲ȴԻƺΪȡƷˡ
ӣҲţ˵Ƶ˲ǻ֪ص˾ˣҶСƲĸ뾾ס£ǵıŤ
ƷһתЩɻȥͻȻеүˣſȥͼ֪΢Цվſڡ
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ҶСһ˵ûȴӲͷƤӦ͵šة˾ȷǷ׵ذȫĻ
ҶСüһ¹پɽ

ɽҰУǧطнţǧˣ·ǧֻԳ˽ýشּ䣬Ȼûз֮
̫úͻƷɲһ˫۷ʵ˵ʱߴ˵ô˵棬һλӨӨݺݵ
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̫õڵһºˣæϵУ㡭㲻Ҫ˵˵
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ƷɺһŤͷϢظȴ·޾սʿ΢΢üͷ̫һۣ˺֢ôôС
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̫һ˫ÿĴ۾ʱɵø󣬾صôأǸߴ˸ǷӰܸǵ𣿡
֪ĿϵλߴˣֻһľƷ֥𣿡仰Ʒɲû˵ֻ̾һ룺ëദˣʶ˴࣬¶ʼŵˡ
ͬʱҶСҲ˴ҴҸկոմշؿܰͷҶСߣһ߸·һʵ˴ȥկп˶ƣ
ҶСʱʲôð취ôһûᣬܲƼãȰŪ°첻ɣһ֮ѵܰѸոհ䲼ջȥֲСӹҼҡ
ܰͷһĵصˣЩ֮ɲη̫үˣҲδη֮ģ˼޶ƣǾǧСΪϣԸľǵ˵ֶЩǰǲõġ
Ե㶵ģЩľͬǲľһԵᣬһǣľ˻ѶԸΪһŭƺ֪η
ҶС΢΢һЦģڹʱͼʶε޷ˣ˶˳ë¿ӣһµģ


39 ˵
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ɽϣ߼կþ˼ߣկд׳ɽΪ˷ֹЩկ˴Ѷϻأ׳ɽطһɽˣھԺԹ
ҪԼˣԼţ
еСľϱ߰һײ죬򾣼Ժ˺ҺǵկͬѣҺ͸ͬһҳеĶңҪ
ɽִ¹ȵصӴǴ󶫼ң˵޸ճеһƣկĳͻüҺ󣬱Ĵկӡ
ɽ˲ȾһһٹֲǵˣֻһɽҪ˵կˣûߵĿ˵м޸С˸߲ҵȥ
󶫼ңôˣ
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կ˫ü΢΢һҶСϽӿڵвկֻǳ͢ǲկĿĵģկҪڣͬҪڣկΪһկ죬ӦöʱƵĵ
կЦǸʲôƨةɲǸ߼կµġ
ҶСף˱ֿտգʲôȥկȥأˮǰҪǷˮկһ仰ôڽĽлԿ
ϰ˳ȥɣկǱߣȥ˽һ֮λկϣһ׵İ취ԵԶײڣկڣǽ𣬿ҲկԸ⿴İɡ
կվ˫ȦãϷ򳷱կһָҶС죬СӣһҪϷϷɲưոݡ
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ΣܵȰ첮ͷ۸ֵ͵ŪȥҪȻ֪Ǳֲýֻǡ
ҶС˼һתҾͰ׸Ǹ쵰ƨɣˣҪȥһԵͷųɣҪȻǸ쵰ǲ᳤Եģ


40 ϱı
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կĳòεĿⶢҶС죬ص㻨Ѻô
ҶСٴĳִ͢
šկź΢΢ͷְ̽ѯĿͶλϣλҲʾ⣬կҶСϷӦˣҪǸƭҡ
ҶС˿æӵٵƬԣ
ʱŹŵԣҶСֻ˵һ仰կ㲻ԡ
ҶСЦݿصʵةҲһ⣬ֻǷˣⷬᣬةûڵĺء¥£ة˵ȥҪǰ̨ʳ꣬ʾ⣡һղ꣬ʳһ죬ȥˣΪ֤


41 лú˵
첮ıһʱ䣬ͻᱻ˷ǹһʱ䣬ֻٴα˷첮ĶѾеϰˡֻôţǶôµһˣټͷɶĴ׶졭
˿̣첮Բ˫Ŀŭͷ׶죬ýģʱ׼ʹ˿ΨһܷŵĴУĭ
׶Ĳӣ̶۸߰첮ģһһڽ֣ͷ׶ͻȻ¸µؽ˼һŤƨɣҡҡڰڵ߿ˡ
첮漴ͷ߳˺ܶ˫ţŬͷ뿴˭Ϊߵվ̫˭û壬漴ͷȣӹϷ
첮˫ȱһֱͦͦվڵϣ÷͵ԴӦһ£ſվǰһЦģҶСЦҶСˣկѾƽðˣͿɽˡ
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첮İԳһæתҶС죬ҶСһЦգգۣ첮ĵʱдޣ쵰Ҫʲô
կԼĻ֮ɫʱõصģʲô˼ĪֻΪɽڿƭϷĻ
첮ĸϽկˡһԣ׷гĵοĳǺة٣ŵ¸Ǿŵŵġ
կˣɫͷã߰ɣ
կתҶС죬ҶʷտӣҰ˻ˡ⺵δ⣬ˮԶϣܾóһ취ĳҲǾԴеġ
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Ǻãе첮ĺȻָо쳣ϤǣҶС⣬ҶСϤչʹŹΪ˲෹Цʱйͬĸо
첮ŭҶС죬ĿǽҶСĿǧٿˡ첮ҧһһصҶС죬Ҹû꣡Ƿҵģһ죬һǧٱĳ
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첮̣ȴ޴ѹɤŶҶС磬֪ǳǮأں޲һӶ뻨Ǽ̳ûʲôôûô¶˭š
ҶСȣǼ򵥵ҵľͷɶɣ̨Ӳô˼Ǯɣ̨涼дǡ޸С֣ԴΪǳ
޴һüЦصҪô˵ɣ̨ҰˣģһȥϾͰ죬һܴã

ǧһϿȴͣϿһӣˮڣӵٲһγһٲˮһصƺˡ
սʿͣˮ𣬿ʼǴկʳѾԹˣѲǣЩɽеˣóıѰʳ
ֲҶӡƤڵµĿ龥Ұݡɫʻܶ໪ƷɼȲʶҲ֪ܳԵĶϷɵġܵĸַޣǲڻ£һЩģĳӡ
ˮļȲʺдҲʺϲ̣ɾĺУͽֻͶǹ׽Ĵ㣬˵죬û˱Ǹˡ
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̫գգ۵ʲô˼
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̫õͷЦصมôһ˵Ҿˡ
Ʒ΢΢һɹ˫֣ɽ壬ʱ̫ͻȻһסƷɵϥ䣬ӦһƷɰѽһ͵˺ˮ
ҺúӰߵˮ̫ƷͨˮԣֻǵǱشˮʱȫʪ͸ˣ·ʪ˻ĹϣˮƷɰյصѾͷַʲôˣ
̫ðѽε°һЦ֪Ʋɽ˵ģΪôã̫ð˫һѧŻƷɵģ߿ˣߵǽһҡҷˡ
Ʒɶţæժ¹šɺˮһšɵ۵زԹһѹֿϷ˵ΨСŮҲҲ


42 ٳ
ҶСһ˻صãȻة˻ɴϲǼʵؿҶС켸䣬ֶ첮ĺ԰һ˴ȥԡ¡
첮Ļۻصã뻨֪ң˵Ҫ˸һ뿪첮ıŭضԻˣҵμģôż칦͸ı⣬ҶСЩĸֵ˻
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첮ĵҶС죬㲻Ҫߣ㴳ˣһҲѲ˸ϵȥҪ鳯͢㣬ɱ㲻ƽߡ
ҶСգգ۾ֵصλˣûԴҩɣկկǰźȲأĶı񹥴سǣ
ŭɶص㻹ҪƱ磿һҲ뱾ϵˡЩѾٳ£ϾҪˣ㻹˵£
ҶСȻŶԭ¡ˣЩ˲سǵġ
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ҶСȻ¹ٹǷӵ񹤡
첮ãȻǷӵģ

ͷϣ첮սս̽ͷȥͼºѹѹһȺˡŶŹˣ˿̴Ķӣͭʵɽ·ϡ
ʵҲֲǳعٹܣСǸ̸ƽʱسţֻάһ˰ʲôġ
Сǵĳǽ߲ɣøһžȥǳҲǼһľ壬һײͿҳûؾѲıȫԸ˳ǧĵˣӸʱ
£̫ͦΣظʣչʾഺһ棬ྲ
֪߾ڳͷĻŻŵĲһͷΪһͷܾڿԻڡԼһչʾߣֲ֪ԼıǷ׵Щʧ롣
ʵЩȫؾصģȻɢҵվţһ룬Ǿ㶼ѻȸ˹أȻΪҲϵ߾ڳͷֻ֮дʶߵģ
ҶСվڳͷָųɽ壬㵸رȻǶְѾѡƬɽϸǷӣƬɽ±֮أʡصĿطֽ¹ÿ÷㡭
µ˵˰콨滮ͷصҲòô˰ɣǶĶģҿǷɫò׺ӣ²ࡣ
ҶС³˳򣬵Ƕɽ磬ò׶Щʵ鴾ӵĺܡ¹ԭҲûô࣬и˾͹ˣǵ֪¹ٸļǮһԶˡҲûϵһٸ˺ʱһ͹һ˺ʱһ£ʵǮࡣ
첮˵ɽ񱩶˼ѶҶʷش󺵣۴ǣһӹôˣʳӦӽţңô˽ǣңҿ㻹ǰǴ򷢻ȥĺá
ҶСֵ̯ة˵ɣšةа취æǴ򷢻ȥɣҶĳ˿û¡
첮ĸոկ˴Żģɽ磬կ˸Ұθҳ˵Щ˹˲·ɱ˸ĸЩ˿׬Ǯİ
üͷɰͰ͵صҶʷҪǶլԺûǮɣŸոˣôǮ
ҶС΢̬֮ˣҶĳ⵰һǮûеġļаٺ٣Ҳ˵ҺͺļҵĹϵ
첮һЦȻԵ˲֪ܣȷҲټ
ҶС̾˿ҲҪ˼ҿźҪǮҡ룬ǧټƵȥͽ˼ҴС㣬ϧǰͽ᲻ϡҲͱǻˣֻЦɡ
첮˲ᡣ
һ԰룺ҪǷӣõô󶯸ɸꣿЩͺļЩϸģ˵Ĺϵô˰æȻˣЩһںǳ¶ˣѲ˸ϵһЩϼӿܣȻˣҺαسˡͺļԨԴ֮˲ɣһ͢֪ݵߺߣ
簵ЦһҶС˵˽£Ҳ㡣ֻЩģһҪϼԼǳʲô¶Ψʡ
ҶСԵˣ
һȥ첮ĺ޺޵صҶСһۣŻ뿪ˡҶСŶ˵ıӰһЦĿͶԶͶ
ҶСտȥİƣĵطһ˼ĺӨӨڡ𣿡


43 ׷Ŵ
ĵϡ
С·һƬҶ״ΧǱ̲ꡣ
ĵһ޴Ķߣжкˮ峺ףΪеĺˮں䣬Ҳûȥ̽ʯеĺˮӺζже°ߵĺˮͨġ
ɫʯеĽеĽ̻Իͣǧ˰̬һõĵ¹˿̣⾲֪ĿкˮʯԣΧһŮȰ˵š
ŮӨӨǼֳ
СãҶΪá֪һƭ
ӨӨָŶ䣬Ťţ
Сãڴ٣ˣ㲻μôɣ㿴
ӨӨָŶ䣬ŤСӣµ
ȣ
ںȻһȣϣʯ΢΢ȦļҼֵһͷһŮһλͷ׷ϸվڶڣæ׷ӭǰȥصڣôˡ
ް˰֣ǶȥļҼֵܲΥ֣æ˳ȥŮҲ˳ȥŹȣһߵӨӨߣӨӨͷڡ
޷ŹվЦеصôҪ٣Ѿͷ̵
ӨӨίصڣӨӨĸ˼ҵ˵˵˼Ҵٵʱҿ϶ȥ
ЦӨӨĶͷһָѾͷ죬ģӿɲаԺˣôӣñ˸۸ģ
ӨӨͣŤ˼һӶˣ˭۸ѽ
޵ΪǸҶСô
ӨӨ޵Ѿͷˣ˵̻ẦôǸƽ̣˵ЩϡŹֵĹأʮ곾Ե֪ζʲô𣿡
ӨӨ̾˿ֵ̺游һӣ뿪ܸеµϾһˣͣ¹һˣζöôܣ
ӨӨڣҲںֻҪһҡ
صһٹȣ㲻ںں
ӨӨڣ뵱Ϊ游ѩɽԭϡ
ްִӨӨϣӨӨҵĺҵĹⰡҲ˭㣿үү̡ĸףҶһ뷨ںңҲ㽫ڣ
ӨӨԼԼҲڣ˵С˵һ취Ƴأ
޼Ǿ͵˵
ӨӨڣ
ת򶴿ȥ˵ʹСԶȥʰһ£׼̹٣Ҫϲô
ӨӨڣ
޵ɲˣ˵ӦһԶ˭ҲΪҲ֪͵͵ȥϺ棿аǾʳСϷɱԵ̫ˣʱ޶޲ȥˡ
һ˵һҡͷ̾ӨӨվǶͳһ첼

ʳ
첮ĸŻߣһһͬҶС죬ûߵſڣͱӭ޴סˡ޴Ӵһ˫֣˸߲ҵǰ̨ѾˣȥʳɣǶȲˣ
첮һʱͺˡ
һС˵̫ŵϽǰ˵ة̨Ѿãش󺵣Ǿθأ˵ةҪ̨죬ʳ꣬Ϊж񶼵ǰΪȥˡ
Ļ̌Ҳչة飬ɡ
կ˲̨֪ҶС⣬ǾΪ첮ĵĳŵȴҲ֪첮ĲСֻΪܾͷš
կ˶첮ĶΪΪƫ̻Էͷǲȴ̼ٸĸԸڣܲúһ
첮ɫѿת磺ˡ
һס֣ȻڹбһͬŴͣǣȥɡ
첮ϣΪԼ˵仰ֻҪ˵һ䣺ةæ˾ʳ꣬籾뼸λ¸ɮеʿǰͺ˳̨ˡ
˭֪ȴÿ±ͷûΧĪƶĽ򣬻һ䳡滰֮󼪡
ˡ
첮ŻҴȥıӰᡣ֮£첮ı޴ࡢ𩡢ĵ˴ӵǰǰհ̨һ첮ĵˣϽװûٲá
첮ĺ޺޵ص˻ıӰһۣǸ̨һͼöǽһ̨ȫԴִľϴɣ̨ܻе壬д֣
ûߣ
šݡȫڴĺ
һ㵣ҵ߳Уѣ
ȫ̺ǻи
߳У޻ڵѡ񣡡
̨ϻŸɫ죬̨ǰһ֧ŶڴΧ˸߲ңһΣ첮ıӶˡ
첮Ժؾͱ̨̨£ŷͷһǰһˮͦܵ첮һŤͷַȻƧһСռ䣬ûϣߺȻ˸Ͱ
첮һа㶼̨һ̨𣡡

լһЩ⣺ҺҶСԣǶԻǲأʵ̫Ѳˣ첮ֻǶ¶⣬ͱӵȥҵѡ
ɣ˹ƶˣ²ѭҲԸһɵڶةұеһܡһССʷһʿƷӡԸһδС٣
˽սʱ͵뷨ռϷ磬ʱԵռϷ磬ߵԺ仨ǰС԰ʱÿڻǰվţƺͻ
粻˽Ų΢Цǰˣͻ
һǻ磬ɫ䵭صүˡ
޽һֱսŴڨѰͽ⣬ȴʹСԶ֮Ĺϵǰ컺Щȴûлָǰܡ
ЦǰǰòæģͻˡŶˣѰѭؿͷˣ˵ô
ŵصүĹ£һ˼ңֻҪúլͿˣүα˵ءѭôžôţɲҪү˽
ˣ⻰ô˵ġ
үҪȥԡˣã
ˣޣһͬһ¡
үϲͶͰɣҲá⻨쳣أ
ӻǰ߹簵԰գҶСH˺լҲǷٲдףһ̧ͷ˷˷žڿʲô
һɽɽûʲô羰Ͱڳ˾ռߣҲûУƽʱҲûʲôɽ죬ɽȴȵĶˣ
ھھƽƽ˴ľģѹʯͷģġ
ЩȻ漴ҶСǰǧ񹤡ڳͷҶС̸滮ʱ粻ͷĺܣδϸվڳͷţΪǶȲͬҲû̫ࡣ
ʱվôɽƽأھػͻȻعζլԺһɣôô۵Ƕö֮ѹҵסլ棬졢ʱʱҵ첮ıǰʾڴȥˣض㵽լ㻹ϷŹô


44 Ȫʯ
ף첮ڸ̨ϣԼһֻƤʾڵҰб衣
ʮִ֣Ǻڣ˺ܶ࣬ÿ̨˶̨ϵָָ㣬ʱʱһ¡ߡĹ
̨ܾդȻεģȴ޷߳ȥյգͷȴҲܣǰ̳ˮѾ룬˿ʣҲ
첮ߵԱߵͰ䣬ӷһ£»صǰߣϺݺݵһҧгݵطģӱʮ겻ʣϢ
úլкī̿һֽѴһƣźĳз羰һͼһӣǡɽŹżĴ󺺣ôľһķľʯںӴӴغŵء
ʱȫޣѱɽһ飬ȥߵѼ£һΡѽѽĿУȵ٣Ҷ
ԶԶģСѾٴӦһ
ҡΣȻѼܵķ϶俴ɽһȺ˷ƵһӣźУ¡һưܵˣɽһ󻶺ˡ
СѾ֪үĪزãϽһ裬Ų̸ϵѼ£ȴȻѼֻһҡβѵΣ̫үѲ֪ȥ򡭡
ҶСʵϲ첮ôңڣûеȻɺկûƽϢЩҪȥ
ֻһʷһС٣ЩҪеĴۣةĶͷ˾֪ͷ˾˾ƾʲôȵȴ޷Ǵۡ
첮ĹȻƣҪԭȴǿ⸱ӣû⸱ӣֻ쳤ӣҶС
ҶСܽ£Ǿצ˵ʱˣʱǽǰǰҶСеʣҶС쵱ȻһĻ첻꣬ʲô취
ɽϣʿǸɵȻ죬ûйǮãǸ߸լӣڻ£һ뵽һ㣬Ǿ͸еޱҫΨԼĺˮࡣ
ƷݺͥԺĽʦİţǶ˵ȫԸ칦򣬰ǧѾɽ˸״˶
ҶСѾΪƽصǰ棬ǰСϪɽиȪۣСϪȪӿˮδɺԡ
ҶСüͷϸ˼Ӧⳡֵİ취һ취һδηҵЩҪǿ콵꣬⡰Թˣʵİ취
կԱӵˮԴƽʱֻΪˮȵĲ䣬ҲֻܽͰߴֻׯڿ£ɽկΪˮеʵûӣǽա
ˮԴҶСûа취⣬ôʣµľֻϣկ壬ⳡصĺͬ۹ãˮԴ֮˻ˡ
ȻҪһҪƺһЩӵˮʱһկӲ㣬կƽ֣ÿկӶǱˮнƾʲôôߵľ
֪ؿڿ˵ʲôҰ㲻ǻҰҶСȻСھﳤ󣬿ˮе˵ÿ֮꣬ЩʵĴũ񣬾ͻΪһӡһ۾۵ĸƴؾǵӣʱԼȫˣǲʥˣ
ҲУҲУҶС첻üʱͻȻһҶСŤͷȥͼ纺ӼķܹȥҶС첻ɾһ񣺡Īڵʲôˣ
һʱҶС²Ѻֵķʱ׵ԺЩ纺ӿɲ֪Ϫˮ˼˾ֳ羴ߣҲû˸·
ҶСЩһĺмӲȥûм䣬˹Ц𰡣̫ˣ
ҶС˸ɦ׾ʲôƴȺŷֵһȪȪˮȪˮһֱӣŵصѹĲͬˮʱʱͣżĴеȪˮϴԼӣеֱſͽȪˮĴЦ
ҶСһЩйԶҵĻƷɺëҲڹۿǼȥռߣȪˮȻͣˣ˲ɴֵ֡Ƭ̣ȪˮӿȤط׷ɢȥ
ëǶҶСϧ˰磬ȪˮզͣأҪһֱöãͥԺܶһ羰ˣ밡һȪжƯ
ƷҲЦЩϧˡոҳһ£Ȫˮͦģʱ·ϺȵɽˮҪöࡣ
ҶСԺﵹȱһȪˮ˷յǸկȱˮӣľӦòȱˮɣ
ƷЦӾƹȺ棬ɽͷǣƬطʯᾣľϡ裬ʺϽլӵġ
ҶСҡͷ̾Ϣˮĵطʺסˣʺס˵ĵطȱˮ컹Ūˡţ˵ģƹٷɽ
Ʒɵǰôˣ
ҶСҪ˵һУҶС켱æͷһͼ̫ģʪġԭȪӿˮ̫ȪˮϿʪˡ
ҶС̿߹ȥһݹȥ̫Ҳû˭ҽӹ˰ſЦվԵҶС죬һ죬Щصɡɵ
ţ
̫ԭͲýС磬Ϊڹظɻ㣬һѣԵСˣҶС챻һУúбҪһ¸׵Ĵ飬ͷһЦ߹ȥоǵȪ
̫ЩĵؾͣС˼Ҵܶ˼ҽʹӦӦĻͦɴࡣ
̫ɧһתۿƷЦ˫ֲԲƯĴ۾װͰ͵ʵ㿴ʲô
ƷЦŤͷȥ̫û뷢ȻʶҶСߣæ̬
ëһ걻ҧʮ¾һ̫÷﷢ëæСѻƷɵƷֵܣѾͷɲǰĳء
ë˵ţȻ̫ؿ۾ЦЦһݣʱսͣһƨҲҷˡ
ҶСȪǰȪˮͦ㣬ҶС첻Щ֣ôǿľղôͣأ뵽ǵȪˮͻȻסˡ
ҶСȻԭȪһۼЪȪΧ£ëǡƷɡ̫ҶСĽ˵档ëǺȻ²ص磬ȪˮϰɣҪ֪ģͻȻȪˮһ磬Ǿͺˡ
ҶС첻ʧЦת룬ȷʵ˼ɣȥʦ˵˵
ë˳ҽʦȥˣҶС쿴Ȫ̾ϵ겻ҪµˮȥҲðⲻͽôһԼȳҶСͻȻһ׽һͷ


45 ˵ة
ҶСǶصȴţȵۼЪȪٶ緢׵ˮеʱ򣬺ȻŤͷ²ضԻƷɵƷɣ˵ˮܲߴ
Ʒɻû˵ëǾֿɵЦ磬㾡Ϲߴߣˮʹⶼϻˣû˶֪ˮߴǰŷ¸
ҶСԼ˼УһʱûЦֵʵΪʲôҪŷɣ
ëǵţ㶼֪ǰһ𣬺ȶˮ£
ëЦ˼ҶС졢Ʒɺ̫öһԿסЦڨڨʵǲúЦ𣿡
ҶСҡҡͷĿתȪˮˮߴѵĲУ
̫ͻȻеģ
ҶС˫һæʵ˵˵ΪʲôУ
̫һ˫ȭʮصɵУһУ
ҶС죺
Ʒǳ鴤˼£סЦ磬Ҿ롣
ҶСЦеǱңȥϪ߾һ
ҶС߻СϪߣһʯϣ°ͣǰˮ񡣽ģϦ£ĺɫãƷɺ̫ñ뿪ȥްǧ˵סȥˡ
ѺżʮʳɽЩһ֣Ƭ̹Ͱľ⣬ߵҶСߣ˸߲ҵص磬ɶأɽ첮ڿǱˣ㲻ȥ
ҶС̧ͷ˿ɽϵ̫ߣɽ
ҶС컽ƷɣɽϣײҪɽȫˣ˲ҿñϳˣϣҵɽһˣȥ˵ӡ
ƷɴӦһа棺ҪȥɽӣʲôĪǴСӱһ磬һˮߴķӣ

Щֵ½½߳ôš
ة̨ϳȻͨһվ̨ǰݵع첮ĵ̬ÿһ뿪˶̲ס̨͵͵һۣ̿صͷߡ
첮̨ϵһĹͶѾԴȫˣڸ̨ϣʱһ˼ڡѾǰ󱳣ֻؼȥһ١
ʱ˵˸̨𩱳˻ȻűӺͷ첮һʱһڡ

ҶСصңȥƷţָոմŻž֨ѽһˣһٸŮӴ߳ҶСָǱʵϡ
ҶС켱æ֣һϽʩԭԼɩɩ
ǱȻһЦһҶ˻ūҽյЩ֮ңңðãˡ
ҶСЦɩ˹٣С컶ӭء
ңңС˶ƵǱԱߣҪţҶСȸԾС硣
ҶС뱧˭֪ңңһȻܿĻ
ңңսӴǱ壬Ŭˮ̸ĶһЩŮ˵ĸоرгɾ͸УɲǰС籧һòײŮ񲻻һ
ҶСһѱգЩ⣬ĵңңһֱۣǱɩɩվǱ߿ɻôСԴӸڷæһֱȥݷֺɩˣϧûڳն
ǱƤһЦ׾ҲһոΣæ£·ңңദļãͬһ㣬̽ˡҶ˲ֵĻԺҿǻ᳣ŵġ
ðð
ңңֳƿ죬۰Ͱ͵ؿҶС죬ȻǽһģС̬ȴڲ¶
ҶС˵Ϲһ£ǱЦðҳ汼ңңԼڼʵįĽҪӴ鷳ͳ߶ѾͷһһͱԹڼһ졣
ǱȻǡô˵ˡңңԺ᳣ġҶˣǡ
ҶСңңǱ͵Ժ⣬Ǳǳȥңңſ˫ۣϲЦտسҶСС籧
ҶС
ңңСƵľͣҶСղ뱧ʲô
ңңղŵ棬˼Ůˣ㱧಻񻰡
ҶС조͡һЦ˳ңңСѾͷƬӣŮء
ңңҶСһ·ߣһ·ߴؽδݴͣδԵ塣
ҶСЦţԴĦǱһСѾͷͬãֻԶҵĹϵɣѵ֪֪غةݱ˵ܶһһ

һһ˿ꡣ
µգǫ̈ϹĴƣ̨ܾȻмԸ߼կկ˴̡첮ĳҹؼҴõ뷨Ʋ㻹еģˡ
˶ţ˵ҶС죬㶼޵
첮ĵ˰ǧǷӣǶķӣش󺵣ЩĻ̻̣ǧ˾ۼڴˣһԻڣǳӡˣɱˣǰĩꡭ
±ߵĻ첮û˵ΪǰĩԪĩ꣬ǴԪ͢ټ޻ƺӣ˵Ǹһŷġֻⷴһ·򣬽˴첮ı㲻ðǱˡ
˼ο첮ĵͲҪˣҶС˵Ҳеѡϸ̨νկˣֻܿˡҪǽ˵Ļ
һЦ̨´̵ɨһۣһһصʱñٶ֣կ˾
࡭
ĺݻûأ첮ĵĶӾͲؽ
첮ĿɥԻţȸկ¹پ͵ûˣҶСݣȻ¹ٻ̨ϣ㿴̨¡ţ
첮Ļû˵꣬Ȼоֱͷһͼֱ˸ɫ֮ƺһʲô
첮ĸ飬æôŽӹĶòţͦȺ첮һ󼤶ϽǲһԻ¹ڼʱرܣ
΢Цŵ˵ͷ첮ı㴧Ųéһ첮ͰϣȲؽ⿪ǸǼİͷͷ߻Ųĩ˿
Ѿǰ󱳵첮ᵽ㣬ֻͣſڣ̻ʵسһͷżһЩֻǷųԵ̫ûˮȣҭֱá
첮뵽һֻһٷʱһЩѰһߴãһ߼Ŭͷ
첮Ͱϣһ߹شӲ϶۲Ķһߴһ߳ͷųźȻǻԵľˣة͢٣Ϊʲôⲽأ


46 ضɽ
һƬᾶ͵ϣԺȻŵһʵϵһôϣ˵ģϵҶС죬ȫǼʵĹʯһˤȥȻǣܲġ
ƷһϣϱܰͷţƷȻϵɵģԲؽԮ֮ϵֻԷһˡ
ҶСһʯ϶ץһͻʯ̽ͱع۲ţɽХɢ˶ͷĺˮ±ضʮɣһʼĸо˽Ӧĸд̼
磬ȥɣ
ҶСѾ˺ܾãΪ˰Χ̽ϸӶ̽УýģƷԼҲ£ǿҶС⸱ȴĵ
ҶСͷԺȻİ£Ѿ¡ܰͷƷͷԳƵģɵԮĵƲϵҶСߣʵˣ㾿ʲô㰡ӹȻˮԴ棬ǡòϰ
ܰͷָָﵽկڵϿȣм佻ݺɽ壬뿪ɽˮǱȥǾͺ޹ɽˣҪͨɽµ㾡ȫ֮ʱء
ҶСҡҡͷҲȷҵķӾɲУߣȵǱ߿ţأ
ҶСǵɽ￼ӵģ뵽λӣҲ֪ǷʲôҰޣԾͰѴӴӷ·һͷգɽˮ˵İȫʹбϡ
·ҶСкƵģӺХһһವһ´շ˸ȵҶСǰһЦһڼƵܣòױҶСȻ˻
ҶСƨһţߣǰ濪·Ӱһţϲʤ˳ǰͷƬب˽ȥĴֹľ߹ȥ
طҲû˲ôԶ·ҲᵽľïܵĵطԣƷɺܰͷеնؿ·ǰУһҲ߲ʮ˴ӾͽȻͬˡ
ӿͷӴ߳һЩ˵ȸߵĹľֻƤҲ¾һ·ѹȥֻĴһץܰѼùľҶС˸Ȼʡ
ҶСתһɽ壬ɽ֮һɽֻɽϳïܵĹľӳǰ˴Σŵ߳޵ҴܣСĹһɽϡ
ҶСվɽ¹۲ãһɽɽһָߣǱȥ
ɽǹͺͺģôӿˣͷ߹ɽγһΣߵĻկڵɽԽԽԶˡ
ȥկڵɽȣֱ߾뵱ȻĻֻܴﻬɽ£һƬխɽȣ϶涸͵ɽ壬ɽԽͨ
ҶСһɽߣȻֻۣҪҳһͨɽɽͨ·ôҪȷɽԽࡣֱ죬ҶС̽һۣɽԵִկмλõһɽ·

ɫʱҶС˻˳ǣ̽˵·ҶСȻƣۣȴǳá
ֻǾдΪҶСںĴȥǹεãͷǲݾм·ϻվ̦޺Ǳ
ҶСߵ̨ǰ첮ֻ˪ӣ̨ϣɻһЦ̨ȥ
첮ÿ϶ŸһֶҲ˯ãʱش˯ȻˡĽŲɾһ񣺡֪ͷˣ
첮˷ܵſ۾һҶС죬ʱ޺޵صһۣǿҶСǱģ첮ֲЦֻصҶʷôǱĪˮȥˣٺ٣͵ֵģˮ꿿ء
ҶСЦصˮҲҪٳ£ȴ֪ܷŵһˡҿ˵ʮģӦûܳЩʱհ
첮һ֪첻ҶСĶ֣ȵֹûУѱٻϢس͢㵱͢űΪʱҶСӸϵ
ҶС΢ЦݵȥҶĳԸⳡϵ»֪ͷʱҪé̻ˣ
첮ı׵Ϻһһģ޺޵صҶС죬㲻ص⣡һֱ޷ʱѹ˾ˡΪ㻹ܺļ죬կǲڵصȥģóһ취կͻŭ׼㣬ʱܣҵҪ˭ѿ
첮ĵشЦЦδЪͻȻ̨²
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Ӵص̨ϣ첮ġಡһ£˰ա
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첮ɱˣ䵽գԴ顱һײڶľϣ̡֡һص棬ȻǱˣǿľ廹ӲȵڿУ첮ƨɵֻһľ壬ƨɿûˤȥ
ֻԴﶥصײһ£ƨֶյ÷ľǰðһʱʲôˡۼ˴ĴƵʼ򣬸Ͻ˼̨
һ޴ĽѾӲȵڿеľ塰һ첮ðǵؿҶС죬ľ顱һͷϣ첮۷ֱӻΣˤ̨ϣ²ʡˡ
ҶС˳ùһ룬̳Ҩһˮ˵غˣҡͷ̾ϢҪǵùǺȿˮ

õԺ䣬֪ںȲ裬޺ϣüϸĵؼһ鲼ϡ
ȻںլɱŶׯһ˫Ȳ£ţ΢΢һߣ֫ŤαźɻȹһԲĻȡ
֪һ˼·Щڲˮ뼮߿ΪһӤ·˳࣬ڻһء
ƽÿÿ˼ҵĺӣŶȵúܡ£㳣һչЩӤŮӤ·ʵΪõ£ֻһ͵͵ݷùҽҽҩ֪˶ٹޣŵĶȴʼղ
ͬհŮͳͳƸŮͬʱĶһ׺ǡĸѪɵĵҽʱҽҲ˵֪ȻιﵽͷҲɡ
һ籾ȫ˿񷻵˼ŵ԰Ķ鿼нʿռǷǰû㹻ĵˡ
ߣΪ˴£һŮޣһУɷΪҡһ֮ãǸҲµһ֪ԭǳԼϣһ˺ӣЩ顣
Ҫµ߳ȥһ߽үҶʷڶ򡣡
һҶС־ľȻɫôˣʲô


47 è
ϵÿҶСŶУһȵζ̬ǴݣֻټĲݾҶԼϵһۣδԵЩ졣
籾һʾԼĵһҶС⸱ģ֮ٶ˼ӣ첽߽´ҶС죬صҶʷôˣ
ŶˡҶСվѲ̺еСѾһݣЦеصͷСٸһڿʣлл
üף
СѾһ죬Ͻǰӹ룬ҶСתˣְ⼸һֱɽͷתơ
级ȻǱկ˸ˣ
ҶСһˣְڻɽתơ
˿ŶŶԭˡ˵Ҷʷȥɽתʲô
ҶСӹСѾĲˮ£ְˮ
ˮ
ҶСЩ˵ɽɽ֮һӣˮأעͭʴ󽭣ˮԴ棬ֻҪ֧䵽կӵɽȣԱ֤ǹ֮á
һϲд£Ǵ°벻Ҷʷ죬Ȼôջ񣬹Щ֮ȡ֮ߵһӾߣǾȻ֪á
ҶСˣˮկֺαΪˮԴ֣
һӡկжԶ
ҶС˵Ҳ̫Զֻмɽ
ɫʱȻҶʷϷŪôмɽˮˮֱӰͭʽˮȥͺˣ
ҶСЦ¹Ҵ˵ԭˡɽȻܣʱҲˮȴҲǲԣֻм漰⣬Ҫ֧֡
粻ŵصկɽȲɽˮ
ҶСְ⼸ɽͷתƣΪľǴ¡ְ룬켸ˮˮ£ɽˮ
ſڽ࣬βŲŵص˵ʲôˮˮɽˮ⡭ôܣ
ҶС췴ʵôܣ
һֱΪܣҶСһʣһʱ벻𾿾ĶˡҪôӴˮһˮǱˮнˮճάɽߵͲƽȵȡ
˼ѣҶСȻǴ¸Լʮɣһˮ߶ԼڰɣҪϿĲˮĻΪ˱֤㹻ˮˮÿҪ̨ˮ
ڴˮļ÷ںϵˮתǳѸ٣ѸٰѺˮհɴ¶֮ˮֱʯϿ䣬ˮĽǶȿԴһЩ
һֻҪбĽǶ㹻ˮ࣬ÿһˮֱˮӹȵһһᵽ¶ϡᵽ¶ϵˮ̫ļԴԴϣõĶ
¶կҪĴɽɽľҪһ·پˮɽм߸ߣⲻ⣬Щɽկ𽥱䰫ġ
ĻֻеһɽΪ඼ʯֻܴ¶ˮôҿƽɽ߰ĺӵߣɽҿںˮɽʹʱһЩλãɽһں
ҶСȻѾ˳ֵ׼˵ϲһ˵ˣѲˮһСѾһݣСá
һüײͣ
СѾɵλͦῡεĵʷһһСã˵̫үأҪ˽½лࡣϽһҶСĻǣһ롣
ҶСЦл̫үϣһѾҲ˵ƽ⡣һƽĿ佱۵Сͨ죬ǻϲΪؽӹ豭ˮȥˡ
ҶСԻġġʯġˮͬʱУӣʱ̡ˮĽʦøկԼˡ
ôеǸԼկˮܲ¹ڽլϤɽΣҲԲһֹȥǿµĲ֣ڣ̵ʱ깤
ȥ͵øǹǮˣûǮԷĸǾҲĴ󺵳ȥɽկʲô꼰ǣֻҪǾЩǮ˽ǣǻϾġ
ĿֻнˮķúͺٵĹǮӵһأãԺãˮǴɽȥȥկճˮɽķգǱضԹٸж¡
ȻӴԺ󣬶ˮͺӵճάɣȫԼˡһݵԳ͢ǻܻһ׮νһð
һȻĶҶСļƻʱ뷨̫ף˿ҶСϸԽԽÿСҶСᵽȱľ
ԽҶСԽ˳ˣҲҲǺƹϵһÿʼɣţҶСͷʼҡ
ҶСѵĲ־Ͽ÷ˮĻֹ䣬ʱ̫ãÿһʱׯڿΪʱ䣬Ҫûҩ
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ҶСһδةҵؽ˽ҩ֪ڻǺطšҩҪô׼õ;ͷ볯͢Ҳ֡
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һ仰ͰҲ쵼λĲʹԼϣȴҲϵ¶ƵҶСϡҶСȴƺ⣬΢Ц繰ֵ˷ģ¹ٱȫԸ
ʱСѾŲյ߹һҶС콫ҪǣԥŲ֪òǰҶСϼЦСãѲˣһʵúء
ź룬룺Ȼأ߰ģȻҲ˱ɫ
СѾ۾ߵҶСߣ˫ְѲյϣ̧ۿҶСӹһѿյֻϣЦعֵ¹ٸǣ
ҶСŲ죬Цݵ뿪ãﻹС͸֪أΪҪЩ£Ҫõ֪ص֧֣Ƕûҩ֪زͷҲ޼ƿʩ
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ҶСҲԽ֪ۣ͢ˮȫĹͣҲ˵ûʸ񣬾Уôѿĳһ¶ҲԾ;ˡ
ߣԳƤկɵȲһò£ŭկʱҲҪ군£͸֪ؾͳΨһѡ
ܻܿﵽֻ֪غةЧֶǸ鷳ܰ˶壬һʷȺةҲˣ赶ɱ˲ϲߣ


48 ֪
ҶСسǵʱͺˣõһʱ䣬ԵصҵʱѾҡ
¹֦ͷ֦ڷҡҷţƺɵ
Զ˫֣ȵվ£͵Ҽϡ
ɫͻأسһӰ̽һԶ
ԶߵǰЦ󵱼ҵģ
˰ѵԶ˱ȭصǴ󵱼ҵûռ㣬ʲô˵ɣһʵҼҴ硣
ԶЦˣһˢһɫ¿壬ǿԿһФ
Զǹ̰˾ǰӰͼεһͨ飬˾󵱼ҵģһģһءǺǣĪ󵱼ҵֵܣ
˱ԶһһӶһŴøˣͺֻΪҹɫ̫޷
ԶǷݻӰͼѳ飬˳һף˵󵱼ҵģ㾡ܿģǰȷҪ̡ģֻһةҪץҲֲ
ӻȻһЦѹںĳݺʮɽӰȥ٣˭ҺΣˡһѷ䡯ûһܱĳ˿ģӥצӣ˵ɣĳʲô
ԶЦеص˵ˣҪһ
ӷ·Ц£̲סЦٺͷ˺Ҳΰɣ
ԶؿֱЦЪŵص٣ǷˡˣҲ١ٺͷˣΪʲôͲܺ
΢΢һУʲô
ԶةǹٷĻģٶָơ糵ЩʲôеıԱж٣䱸ʲôʲôʱ侭·ΣЩϢܹ֪˵ʲô
ȻݣضԶβȷǿЦӳɵ㡭ЩϢͨң
Զһֻ֣ɣ°ã֮Ҫһ롣
Цĳ˴ƴǮƣҪһ룿ôθڡ
ԶϾصöƻĺܣҲѲĺܡ󵱼ҵûйӣѾĻȴֳȫǲֵǮı˻ɽ˶鷳ֻڵأԼֵܵʬ֮ززʱֻߣȷӲϧ֣·ѾĻֵܣȴ޷ֻ֣Ķӣ
ӳĬ
Զ֪֪ˣսʤбͨ籨ţΣ
ҧЩٶģĻݣɣֻҪĺҸɣ
ԶĳɣˣΪٲգ
ӵɣһҲټˣֻ趯ƤȴҪѪôֵҪȲ㡣
ԶĿıͲڴǶٺôֻǲּۻһȻľ裬þգԶЦɣǾɡΪةл·֮Ҫע⣬ɱةɳ令͡ŵ̶ӣܶ
ȻһΪ
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΢΢۾Ͳ©˷ĳʧֱ׽
ԶһЦҺԼÿζֻͷѶĵˡûʲôƾʵݣҧٶҪù¼Ĺˣ
´Զۣ̾ĳֻСЩٶĲǴ

ҶС˳ֵĿͼƻʵʲʱʵ˽ϴĵ
ûҩұը޴ĻڣԳһݵɽ÷ˮľ޴ͬʱżɽկʼھˮ
ˮϳ˺ĲȫԾ͵ȡģɽϿľ͵һͽʡ˴ʱ䡣ڰúˮеʱ򣬽ʦָˮĴС˵ԭƻˮմӺȡˮˮﵽʮ֮࣬ϵˮˮεݼΪ˱֤ЧˮĴСҲڲΪһ㡣
̵ĴϿнֳһĻΰľһž޴ˮŹȥĺˮˮˢŷ糵һתˮǾУעһռʯˮۡ
ˮڽɸߵ±б´ʮ֮ԶʮɳһܼܱȵײˮСˮˮߴ˷ѵĺˮӸ߿ֱ׹£γ˹ٲ
ۼ˷ĿУ߼կſ˶̵ˮĿƣկŵľΪͣȫԸͶ뵽ɽӵھȥ
ڼͬʱУг֣ˮҲʲôѶȵĻͬʱΪ˾ȼˮڼƽˮ漣ٶȷչš
еУȫøҰһ㣬ۼɹڼȴǸɾʮ㡣ҶСվڸߴȻżͶʹõĸɽˮĻϲ
ҶСëϲ̵صֱˣҿֻҪٶȣͿˮˡ
ëǷҶСĸ첲üصǰӴЪҪ
ҶССӳܶ˻ûۣȽп۵ġ
ëǵǰ磬ᡭ۵ġӹͷᰡ׼´ꡣ
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ҶС̧ͷ˿죬ƣҪӡ
ëǵ˵ôСʱ򰳱ϲƴϹȣԺһҪᡣµԽԽĶ߲ˣ϶д갡
ҶС˲㶣ȻҲŸϽ꣬ɡˮͶʹãҷѾѪģ뿴ˮկʱֻϲĳ棬һ꣬ҾͲôϲˡ
ëǰǵɶģˮˣԺð˵һҲ⣬ϼ꣬ҪȻƤʪģض͸͸ˣɶá
ҶСļЦôֻЩźˣˣܱûãֻ꣬пɲ˼ʩҸϽ֪ͨȥ쾡ϰɣʵ겻ɣҾϢһ£⼸۵ÿɶᡣ
ҶС߳ͻȻվסȻ첮ģǸһﻹڡʳꡱأⳡȻ˸ɺ⣬Ҳ첮룬ʱ⵹죿
ֻʩСͣȴȫĪⲻԸô
뵽ʱ첮ĵ޳ҶС΢΢ת


49 
첮Ŀ͵̨ϣͷ桢Ӵ縡
ͷ˶ĴѾʧȥʸУ̨ǰȥҲ࿴һۡ
첮Ƕʱʱضһ֣ǶǸеɽҰˡ
Ѿܶûϴˣһϰÿԡ˵ô첻ϴ裬ֱ޷ܡǱͷһ˿ңҲÿ챣Ʈݿʣһ⸱ʵ˲ҹά
︺ɨ¬ͷһͰˮڵϸ̨ˮ첮ǰˮͣ첮Ĵ͵Ųˮϣֱؿľˮעȥ
¬ͷ첮һۣһةˣˮ͵ˣҪǺ˾˵һС϶ٸϡ
첮ľȻӦһ
¬ͷͰתҪߣվסʲôƵģͬ첮˼ҳةˣС϶˵ʷ˸ɽˮˮѾԳɹ죬ܳɹذˮ˵կˡ
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仰Ȼ첮ĵע⣬̧ͷ¬ͷܰˮ£
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첮΢Ʋֺּޡ
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첮һæ˵ʲô
¬ͷˣ˵ʲô˵ʳôˣû赹϶͵͵ͳԵġ˸Ϊ꣬ǹ˾;ͨ
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¬ͷǷˣЪţС϶ˡ
첮Ķ¬ͷ˵ͷ֮Ϳʼף˭ҶСܣص˶ˣ©¬ͷ¬ͷֻһɨͣûһ˾ȻҲҶСóϷԶ¬ͷͨ籨ţдøС
¬ͷˮͰ뿪̨첮ı룺ֲܿ࣬һΡȵҶСˮȥ񲻸˳Ц
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첮һصҶʷ󹦵£ǿϲɺذ
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ҶСæةˣղʳͲҪˣϽ
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ѽةةţةεˣţ
ҶСæǰȥסةУҶСһ߽Уһ߰̵ģǡˡֲ˼˶һͦͦʲôͦװᡣ
ҶСһΧ£ҶСԸկÿַ̨ǰļ󺺵죡ʷԸ°ЩࡣةղʳɲϳԸɵģȥ
װ첮һ⻰аϲͬʱЩİûڣôû뵽⣬ͿԺˣô
Ǽ̧첮ģҴұãʱİԽԽ࣬ʮִֹİշ߳״Ҳ׷׸̨Χס
ҶСһ̴磬²Ьųͷվڸ̨ϣȻصǣةΪ˽飬ʳ꣬ڸж졣ȻѾʳգҺɵδ¡
ةȻιȥҶĳ˼ʳꡣҶĳة̨Ͼʳһղ꣬ҶСһղʳ
Χ۰һܸж׷˵Ҷʷة꣬ةĲϡҶʷնɽˮΪǶǿġ˵ɽϾܿͨˣҶαشܹʳء
ҶСɫɽˮֻǸկĺ飬طİܺ䲻կأȴҲӰճɣҶĳͷ
ǣ޳ɣǺȱˮ첻۰ôܰ;ϣɽˮ깤ҶĳڲڣӰ춼ˡҶĳʹةڴ˾ʳɣۣһҶĳĳ⣡
ҶС˵꣬ųͷ
̨°ոжӯЩڶķ£ΡΡعڵأµصùţҶʷǰӵĺùţүҺذ֮
Щһ˷׷׹򵹣̨Ĥݲѡ
ҶСϥ̨ϣſ˫ۣһ˿ƲҲմү㿴ôǺذһɣҶСԸ⽻ֻ쿪ۣҺһ꣡
̨°һжÿһƬ
̨ϣҶСվ̨ϵëǣëɣҪǲ׼ҰȳһΣ
ëС϶ãģһ꣬´꣡ӴˣġҵûȥŪ¯ӿ
첮ı̧ã¸ϽŪϡȥ첮װѣԺغ˴࣬šϢ١ſ۾ѶĻеصة㻹ðɣ
첮۾գ˿ص¡¹١áǡͷΡ
û˵꣬ѭͼ˽զզص򣡽Ҷʷةʳֱ콵
Դʧɫװ첮һ⻰ԺеʯһͷãҶС˼ƹɳִ£ҶĶ񵱣
첮ּһᣬ˹ȥ


50 
첮һΣþúþò
Щ̨ڵǺˣҲԲã˯Ҳ˯ã左˼㣬һΣȻ˵ã˯һ
˯˯Ȼѡ
첮˸о̹
ү
ԱߴС˾ϲһӰ첮ĴƮƮɵľ˼䣺ţôˣ
첮ۣŷʱ̨ϡ
һϴҲչǰһ첮ĵɫ΢Ц˵ֻǳƣۣټϼȣֻҪúЪһͻûµġ
첮һѹʲôʱˣʲôʱˣ
С˻δش𣬴ʹˡมļ
첮ߣһƿ˴ӣ̽ͷȥֻһȥıһѹδǦܲĿ¡
ˣš
첮һʼֻǸҶС˽⣬ҶСѿİ취ӲԼͷϣϵҶСıʱʣƣ첮ĲҶСԤ֪仯ҶС쾿ʲôıǲ֪ġ˿̣Ѿȫˡ
ҶСıԻص̨ϣԼʳɫֵزҪ´ˣٷ̨˱ĵ˼㣿
ʱ첮ģͷʹڵ˼㡣ȴ룬ûл赹ҲȷҶСıʱ͸ҹط̨ǿȥҶСҲеǺеɡ
첮ſڴڣĸڼĺӣ۰Ͱ͵ؿŴ⣬۰Ͱ͵ؿš
һŶڸĵϣһĨ᳾Ȼǵڶššš
裡
첮£

峿ϲطɫ˼ʱʶѾ²ڿۣ漴Ǿ뵽´ʣԸҶʷ
Ƿ׷뿪ţûдһߡ˾һεǣţ˷ǰۣȺԽԽ࣬ǧ˰ǰӵˮйͨǾȻûһ˷
е˶ѻȸ̨ǰϽεһ̡
ҶС죬̨Ϻ˯
ë˳Եģëǿɲ죬ֻЯЯĶëĻǺܵģҶСһֻռһƿƾƣȻռ˼ֽ·ˣһݵëں
ҶСéһֻռʬ𼣣ְһƿƾƺȵþ⣬ͷ˯һֱ˯ڻû
úլɫϵƻҪ
Ʈžߵߣ翴ɫ
ôܣѵĶرˣ
ŵصôܣ֮ˣںССʷҿߣӦ˶֪仯
˫ȭ𣬳Σⳡһ£Һؽܼˡ
Ŷü΢΢һЩڽôǺӡɽˮ㱾ǰȥֻҪȥˣٶֵ࣬õͷ̨꣬Ҳȥȥˣֵõҫ
üͷһֱ±ضԳͷǻҪʲô
Цô㲻ȥɽпǵһʧܣ澡ʧ㲻ϸ̨꣬ǵһ²꣬㽫ֿԡүԶδʤǰܣֻҪһ·ߣ;ǰһġ
һȣ߳ŭˣ̫ˡ
Żߣصαزأٶ๦ͣΪһӡҲɱҪЩ͵ġȲȫôܣǲڱģ

ҶС̨ϣΡ
УϵļһӿǧֵܣһԴոհڳһҪƶ׵ϣȻһˬʵĴЦ
ϵЦ߹õŮլӣԺŵƽʣϲӯ죬ӨӨϼͷźͷϵ
ԺذأͽóӸ˶һӨӨǽٱЦ̣ȥףؿûأڿšˣ
ҶСһӨӨСġġģҶС˷ܵû겻壬§סٶȥһЩУһֲһζ
ҶС춨һеӺȻչߴصͷ˵С磬˼ϲܾˣҲһȢ˰ɡ
ҶСϲϵĵ˵ӨӨô죿һҵġ
ҶСŤͷȥӨӨһܿµЦݿһѾ޴ļ꣡ꡭ
߹ȥӨӨ˵һĻ˱ֶ߹ߴӵض˵һֱǺýãԺ󡭡ýðɡ
ҶСϲ˳˶۶һýҲӶ࣬ȣҰˮһô
ӨӨʱüָӵسĭһöĭӡôĭӣС˶ôˮôడ
ҶС͵һѹһ󾪵ѽ©ǿ㡭
ҶС컹û˵꣬ͻȻԼڸ̨ϣ̨ºѹѹȫȺҶСѸѹŪԼΪγǡΪʲôô˿˯
ҶС컹û£̨İһſ˫ۣջ
񼣰񼣰
Ҷʷֻһ꣬ة˾춼£٣
˭ùүүͷأ
ҶˣҶˣҶˡ

꣬ԽԽ󣬷ʴİŽҶܼˮֱ죬ˮҶԽԽ䣬Ȼһ°ˮ㵹ȥٿȻֱͦӭϵˮ
һֻֻɹվһƬľ£С۾ɨţֻţȻ䶶˼£ɹһһشܽ˹ľ
㴦ǰһԶĵطһ˫ţϰҰݱһǳǳˮˣһȣ΢΢ˮ˫ûͣЪǰȥϣһͷĺ¡
ǰһŨǵĴһͷҵվʱǰӭߵ£΢΢̧ͷˮ˳ҲʪģԶ
Զ˵˼䣬˵ͷĵλãɿشܽĻԶ̧ͷɫҲתɽȥɽһƬݣмһεļԺ䣬Ժͣźö೵ӣվڡ

첮ӵűڴǰͷңӻ縶´ˮڼϺ첮÷һˣӻûԵ߸ˡ˵ֱ֪ӳԵ߸ͺá
ͻȻ޷ԿصسŴĻȺҾӣ


51 
һ꣬˴СϪҲɨȥͷ֪Ķܣˮس˸
Ȼһôõĸɺɵĺ飬ٸһЩϣԼЩ޷ҶСˮְգҲͬˣЩˮϴ媹Ҷӣˮͦš
СǶⳡ꣬Ǿú֮һ꣬Ǵϲǲ֮𶯣Ƕ˽ֵ
̨꣬Ұ;һˣµ£ʹⳡɫʡةʳ죬δ£˼Ҷʷ͵̨˯һޣˣ˵ʲô˵˼Ҷʷϡ
ˮܰˮӵʹߴһܶնףˮֲ򺺳ʱˣˮˮˮ඼һ
ʵںشڼ䣬һЩֵˮӵݴߴˮȣԻ⺵ģƬضҪһͰͰˮȥܰ˻
˭Ҳ뵽ɽ֮Ĵˮʮɸߵϣɽˮկ˼Ҷʷķӣ͸ķӣгĵô
ǾһЩŹ˿ʼɫؽ£Ҳ֪˭⣬ֻһЦת֮ں󣬾ͱһ£
Ҷʷ̫תͶ̥ԺˮǰҲ÷ʦҲøӡҶСڳɽϽլʱƽһһ˵֤
үСҲţ̫ӣ˭ȥԣⱨӦˡ˼̫ݵλүߣ̫ǿطүȻðҡ

Ϊⳡ꣬ʹõڶĹ̽ܵӰ죬ֱſʼȫβʽʼկˮ
죬ҶСͻ綼뿪سǣȥ·һبɽ֮ϵˮ̵ʽֻ˷ֱȥͷϿȺβկ
صʿ̸ȥϿȣⳡʢḶ́ҶСȥկһףʢϲ£ةôةˡ
첮һβװѻټϴǰ˰˾ڣˡûҲֳ¶ģΪھһЦ
ӹٳ䣬û˲ڰЦΪ׮£˰ǰĳҲ˳ʸȨ޵ȵȡƶʹޡĵģʱʲô
ʵȥկǱֻѩ̿ۿǺˮԴԴܵмİĤݰȱʿǹάŸС
һΨĻ֪ظոնͷϾ뵽һص⣺һˮʧܣҪЩŭɽ˺ˣ
ԣ֪غǵѡ˴Ͽȣܸٹ⡢ҲΣյ齻ҶС졣
ɽˮ඼ˣʱעˮгֵ⣬ͬʱÿɽ崦һ֣ʱͨ𴦴ѶͨѶϢ
֪վϣ紵Ĺֱ죬òַŹñܼķԣһҹϢʤ
ֻǴҶķƺôȤڼֻЩʱʱϡϡʾһ»ӭ
վȺвͣ죺ܲٷżƨ˼һſˮˮءϵٴݺݵص˺üۣŲԸر͡
֪صķˣתιĴӣƵػֵˮ
һεػ֣˻סĹñһһĹñ㱻˰ա
ɴñڰţµĹǱǵ޽ˮڼʱõһˮբԭһߵĺˮ£ʮ̨ˮתɻԽԽ졣
ˮһˮߴһˮۣŵڶ̨ϵˮʼˮע¶ӵʱ쳹¡
ûñˮ˹ϣڽʦǶԴ׼϶ԷϵˮޣڴڼˮãûӰˮ
ܿ죬һɽͷһ죬´ϻӶζˮѾ˳ִһɽͷ
ٴһĻ΢ЦСӣҸɣǸ
ٿسںǰصԵ޹ʵģʲô
ٴŶӣ˰ΣͻȻЦĴļҲˣһӾͲ̫
ãȻ˵ʲôأ
ٴЦصûôո˵˷ϱ·ҢԱĴŮѾˣƯһλҹ㣬һȥһࡣ

һһʱ˵ʲôɺٴѾ΢Цӭ磬ͬʿһȥˡ

ҶС͸կկկڶĳվɽϣ»վĴҶС첻֪ϿȴеǷ˳н֣ϻùݣ¶㽹֮ɫ
ˮĴͲǺܿ죬һ½ĺӵһЩˮգˮԴԴģӴϿȵկɸͲбģˮԽԽٶҲԽԽ졣
ھɽʱһִĵ̰ӱˮһ̮ⲻ󣬱ѲӼӵεѸ޸ˮԴԴǰš
ҶСվڸկڵɽȸߴǰɽ崦һ޵ĺʱѾ಻סػ
վµİ˷֮𱰣ϲɫɽ£һǰһʵӵϵȫϲɫҲһεĿӵȥ
һϪˮһմ˻콬СߣźӵѶţĺˮСߣǰӿšСƺӺˮ˳һཬǰܣˮɡ
ˮӿҶСǽ£ˮкʱһεĺӵֱկɽл׶ջϲᡢšӵţûԷԼկӵ˻Ƕͷկˡ
ηˮ߼կʢ칦˸߼կկҲĹ͡ɽ˺ˬȾƣԿ飬ҶСֻƬ̹򣬾ͱͷؽˡ
ʱ򣬸կկһǰկҶʷɽˮһεĴ֮ΣׯڡˮɽԺ󶼲౳ˮɽݶ̫ˣϸǸˣҲ֪ôл㣬ⱭˮƣһҪ¡
ҶСٱվ𣬶λկλկɽˮģɳ˴ȴկӡǲ㾡ȫկ֮ˮҲôͽʹá
ֻǣȺȻΪ˾ˮʵǺܶطǲִٽɣЩˮЩ̫ι̣󣬻Ҫӹޣ÷ˮĻڻ̶ֻ̫ʱôľұڼ֧ţҲҪˮֻ̰ʱѾͣܳ壬ͷʯͷӹֲ̣ľ
λկظҶˣĺˡ˺⣬ҲѴʣԼİɣӵǵӣǻᵱԼһӣġ
ҶСǾͺáֻҶĳһλկ
կص뽲ںˮϲˮˣϴ
ҶС΢΢һЦλկǣһαû취飬կôأ
λկһͬʱ˼֮С
ҶС߼կ̣կֶ̣ˣûֹկڽжΪӶʧȥأڲϵٵ̵У黹ûнʱǱ˵Ľǿׯڣʧȥˡ
λկ࿴شͷȥ
ҶСϣλկܹȡѵͷͬ۹ãǧҪһЩçײķʽܵѸ֮࣬˻
λկҶСٱҶˣ˵Ķԣģ

̵ΣһˮԻڡկկկϺԼĶԼڶվںӱߣмվҶС죬ҶСλ峤ǰһ㰸
ˮУ߰˸ֻɿĴվˮУһҶСկկԼԵĸߴʯһضӵףʯԺʯĶˮ滹ϵľ롣
Ϊ󺵣λõĺˮʵ鱮ĸ߶ֻͬΪմֲ꣬һЩˮԴԲûߣƽʱڣ࣬ʯҪˮˡ
ҶСץһƵСָһѪ밸ϵֻ룬կկҲѪȻ׷룬ɫׯϡ
ңصʷҶС죡
ң߼կկ󣡡
ңկկ䣡
ҵˣڴģҵڴ˴ˮȱӴԺ󣬵꣬¾ˮ½ֳϡˮȡʱկձͬ۹áѹء
κ˲̡ˮȷɴ˺֮ˮϾΰƣկաᣬһأΥߣ塢կ
ҶС΢ЦؿˮбӰǧ󣬵˴Ӵ˺̳˱ɿҶСĴֵ䲻˵ȴҲǧˣգ


߾ ˮ


01 ·
ϣһ̶ֻӼѵнš
ոո¹һ꣬ǳŢ˺ͳߵöܻ
ԱĨ˰ѶͷĺˮǹľĳҲ֪һ࣬ټӰѾǺܿ͵ͭˣȵ˵طĳҷĹǮ
һƷŢĳӣЦԱ⣬Ǹˡİɣһġ
˷׷Ӧͣһеĳ˳
Ա¿ϣĵЦ
λԱ·ҢǺٴͶ˵λԱ⡣
λԱǸ˲ˣʱǸִ߽Сɣ˵ǮͿʼӻ̣ӻ󲻴󣬵ȵԱȵ׬˼ǮͶȫʱƷ
ƷǸ׬ǮʱԱǸмҵ׵ʵˣ㲻ϴ󻧡ֱһ죬·Ң̽úѺٴ·ϾһƬأ·Ң˳һ֧ԡ
ʳѶǷ֣൱һĸᡣЩطøѶեǵģνĸ¾ɵġ·ҢѶһȥȴطָѶдСӡ
ǻһˣһ˳ְѶһҲˣ·ҢǸˣʶضʱƵҪԭϡ
·Ң˵̴ظҲȥˣصͭʱóȫչʱȻ֮ǣ·ҢΪԼľƷͻ˴ԭϣһ߼۸ƣһԾΪͭһĸ̣ͭʸҲĴ
ԱѲھƷˣԭ˵һϵ˿˵ͭأڵʱۣȥһֻԱԸ
ǰ·ϣһطɽŵڣɽǵͰĹľѣһƬŨ̡
ɽľ֮仹һƬԼٲĻ£ϡľͰƵĲƤʱߵᷢЩƤԵıĺۼΪһЩƤΧлԲ򷽵ĺۼ
һ¿ӳԱ̶ӣиϵɽ֮䣬ȻԵõسɽ裺һʮ߰˾꣬ҹ˭ģͷԯ
ɽ豾ɽҰ֮ʱԽӣ󵨴ַţɤŶѧŮ˵ϸɤţҰ֮Ե֣ȴҲûʲôúġ
һΧĲƤ˶±̽һͷ¿ˣ
ΧƤ´һӦǣϴ󣡡
̽ͷͷĿһӣԶǸ󵱼ңܱ߼ĵһƣٶֵܡ
¿ӳɽĺӺ󲢲ڸͨ籨ŶƵģȻԵõسһɽûϢֻ·£չɽ䡣ӰһʧɽǴԶԶ
߽ë˽֣ҹҪģŴʮȥǿéݾͲ
üͷһģҲ
ʱһƬƤ˶Ҳһͷʵ磬Ҳǻ֣
һ˼ҧӦò࣬ͲѣʾˡԱֻܾôŹȥԭƻ¡
ã˴Ӧһͷ˵Ƥ£ǲƤðһԹһǣԶԶԹ¶һǣע⣬ܿҲΪһ
ȵԶͨ籨ţ֪ԱһصʲôֵΣԱ䱸ҲһȾܰš
Ϊ֪̽˿𹥡ǹԵֶȱųˣ֪̽˿װַﳵҽʮŵĶȽսѡطҴ䱸ͼԶԷҪսսپ
Ȼ֪ɽҲȻʾ˲࣬Լ֣㲻Ϸʴˡ
ɽ£ë¿ߺرܵ˵ߡɽխǰʿһ·˫޷ͬʱġ
һᳵʻţֵĳԯᳵȸ滨ĳᣬƥۿ˫۶ʱһƣһͷ򰡣
Ĩֻ΢΢һ漴΢΢ƵһλŸͷʿ޶˶ñһۡ
һǷ糾£ϴһɫƵͣǫЦţһһڻưʿ㲻мŤͷȥ
ĿᳵעһۣᴹΣԤǣųһλ߹ˣ˵ЯŰı
ǰȥˣһë¿·ˡ
İʿߵ൱УɽСۣǳʽĴҲڳԯĲϣƥȻȻŵ·ۡ
һλʿ̧ͷĿɨۣ˵λǰɽеСЩ
һʿ̲סЦСԣͷһظСŰɣݵϣ˭Ҷң
ǰѵʿɫ΢΢һ죬´磬γûҵš
´ȻΣС·ƾĳһ֡硯ܽ޻أ
´˵ţ嵶ʱ򣬾ͼӭһ֧ӣҲǻʻǶģӦһ֧ö顣
ǺصͭʷĹٵˣ˵ǹٵʧޣѿݲƽҵ·ֻһ󳵣ټһֵƥͨ
ΪǻɽµĲݵأʵһЩѹһݵأҲʹˣɳ´ȴᳵֱǰУ·˼
Щ˶һù򣬵ǲûн飬ֻǺеĻԺʦһͽһΪЧľû⣬ǹֻͨУ䳡ʾѪĻἸûС
ʱֻҵŴУỵ́߹Ľֻǳϵһ˵ǰˣһȺҰ澭ϻ
˫ɽŵĵطˣۼԷû·˼ԱЩգԷֻһᳵ˶õݵϺףĳþ鷳
·󱾾УܵݵиѣһݵҪͺܳԱˣǺƣ˵ۼԷɲСƽհˣȴҲҵֻ÷ԸӱһԲݵء
ЩߺߺȺȵİѳǣݵأڣ·ϵţ֧齻ټϵ·ŢʱһƬ
󵱼ҵĴӲƤ̽ͷ۲쵽һĻЦһҲƿƤӿӶһԾȵ֣


02 鷳
ƵһȣһƤЮգһֹ˴ӿӶԾ˳ʸȵ׼ǵĿꡣ
ưžѻЩܶ඼ɽԻɫǸһԾӶԷѡҲвĶ֡
ʲôвأȻǳʽСƣЩֵ彣װ֧Ӷһ۵ľǰ˸ŸͷŹʡУѶԸĽɫ
ಣ
һ֧׼ȷλ´ʺʺ浹ȥδʣǹܽ޻صġ硯û֮ˡ
СԵһСԶУվЩͻȻɽϳ춯ȥһ֧ļͷܹҪ
СԴ죬커Сȥ
ǳʽŻȥδޣްΪŤ˱޸ϣ춶ʱһ䳵¡
СԴ󼱣һɣۣ˻һǰܣƥҲǰ
һƣ̽һĽӣǸģһ͸һֳĸоȴûһζ򶨵̽һۣˢһ·³߳ȥ
СǰСķԸӦһƥһһȥǼƥʹǰ߱ȥЩѾܵ·ߵĶԷᡣ
·ߣһڳҲˣæ˫ֳסڣӺȻһӴһβԴײ˳ϡ
СҲ˲÷׷ɵļ꣬壬ƵһֹգγǳȥЩȱľɱ뱻ɱǵ
ʿ˱ɱʣ˼ˣ׷װεų壬һ·ߺźšЩղǸĲçӷ侲ЩϮһ̶ӻѸһ࣬ԻֵһϮͬʱӳϳһľǰ䵱ơ
б˵Ļ飬¾ǽ°Ҳ࿴һۣ侲ѸٵɲֱʸȦӴǲŷְֳмδĻϽȦ
һˣЩĺ˱ֱײȥ˳СԸϳֳһֵ׷
˵ĳӻ£Ҳãϻи״ʩڳϺʣսΪ๦ܣӵι̶̳ȱҲܵһ·ȥȻһ󳵵һصؿһ£ǳứһ¿һ롣еһȻ򶨣ʱܲ
⻹иŮģ
ͦƯİɽȥֺֺǣ
ļ˴ϲۼӵ̫죬רǰڲڹ󷨵ԱһˣһиòŮӣʱɫĴƶ׷
С㣿
СԴæлͷһۣڰĳ˫ֽץһԵķ֣ʧɫɴн
ᣬȥ
ͷһۣӹһͷ׼˳֣ȻǳģʲôˣĪǲң

ֿߣ޴Ŷӣɫѵţ޸ճеĶҡ
޴̬ϣŵĿһĹ𻨸⣬ٻ
Сѵ󶫼ңߡ
޴ȵ죡
Źȣص޸ߣʲô𣿵ΪҴһ꣬ԲŰǰߣҲôƽϡ
޴ȵҲұ죡
㬵ر͡
޴ָǵŵĶǳг䲻ףԳֵ֮Эܿͳ졢ĳС
ŶãǾӲˡӲףȴ׵ĺܣҪΰѰҳţǳͿˡڣϳСлϳжѺˣǲż޸ͷϴλӾͿ첻
ٴСѵ󶫼ңߣ޸
޴һ̧֣ͰѰ𻨸ͣߣһ𻨸أ߻ǹ𻨸⣬Ҫ𣿡
һΣСѵ󶫼ң޸ǹ𻨸⣡
޴ţĻ쵰Ҫ
ԶҶС쿴⸱龰Цղſͦеƹɣôһԭα¶ˡ
ԶЦʵˣڲʱЩ൱ѣһ仰ܵẉ̂
ҶСһۣͺܴô
ԶЦ˵ͷɴԳصǰһԾرˣʵҵҲѽǼȻ˹٣㲻ܵӰ죬һһжʼעˣ벻ŶС㡭
ԶҶС죬ЦеصǱɫİʼûһ˵첮ıڵĲ᣿
ҶСұ룬ͬһ£ͷ̧ͷģǵȥˡ˭֪Ҹյأң٣ҶСɲԸɵʵˡ
˵ҶСԶһۣ˵ԭллܵһҳУ
Զţڻ÷ˮںصһĴˡ
ҶС첮£лܵУ˵
Զ˵л·ûʲôϵˡ
ҶС֪ڶ壿
ٺ١˸̥Ц
ʱһǽ׳ĺӷܽ˲ֿԺӣһ̴Ż¶ʯһ㽡˶ؼ
Զ޵һ󺺣
ҶСǴĵ֣ΰѣկòɿʱȫţвûе
ʱͼΰѿ첽ߵ޴ǰһ½źһ޴༱˵ʲôҶС첻΢΢һ૵ص⳵Уֳʲô˰ɣ
ҶС컰䣬޴ͳŽŶ磬磬磬
ҶС첽߹ȥûصʲôҺõúܣʲô鷳ˣ
ɫصص鷳ˣҲ鷳ˡ˵鷳ҴЩ
ҶСһǳг£ʲô¶
ΰŵʷˣǳгˣˡ
ҶСһ㶣æ˵
ΰѵ̶·ϱһˡСĳӰ;õǰӻص̶ʾ֪ǰΣӵ٣Ծ˻ˡ
޴ŴӣüصǸһ棬ƽʱǽһ֮ززһҲ֪ôͱ£Ȼ֧Ӷˣ˵һ֧֧һ飬ҪöǮҵǮš
ҶСԶͬʵʲôط£
ΰѵһɽȡ
ҶСԶͬʵжԶ
ΰԼʮ
ҶСԶͬʱ˿ҵصʮ⣬ȻͭعϽˣǵ°ǺǺǡ
͸Ļ࿴˿ͷһδһʶЩٶģ߯Ҳ޳ܣ
ΰѳɵصλ˵ֱ߾𣿡
ҶСԶЦȻֹһ˵أ


03 ̽
ɽҶСһ£վһ˻ĳǰ棬ع۲ųԯϵһ̯Ѫȥ޴ǶʱľһۣѶϻ;о˸鰸ܰͷһˣֱӸˡ
ԯϵѪѾɺԣһȺͷӬ棬Χһ߶Ǿ;ɶ𣬵һȥ¡
ЩҲˣΪ˻ͬʬȴֳݽ棬ݽ棬ˡ
Զ̧ͷ˿ǰĹȿڣ̾˿ͬضҶСҶ֣㻹ǵùոս˸կˣ̯¡̶ֻ֧Ҫǰʮͭʵؽˣƫƫ߳¶
ҶСЦù͵ùɣһ벻ǵùô
Զʵһأ
ҶС߹ȥſڴù¡
˾İӱ͸ҶС츺𣬵ΰӲС˵첮Ҳ첮ԾʳաδĽھܲҶСͶԴֳˡ
ةȻ°Ϊة·ϵҲϵ飬ͬʱ˽·İȫҲǿվΧڵĸҲֳ
ܰͷվ·ߣһδŻҶСߵߣδֻǰšʰ棬˼ҲмңٱҪ࣬ҶСɲװðе¶׬ȴԴ
ܰͷϸѯһ˵ͷ˿һƨϣڻ̱ء
һʽʽ·ֻͨҪľٶ·ǲ˺ǵģƣɽҲӺ⵹ɽк֮£һЩ˶ɱˣûٿܳ;»ؽ˭ȥ
ܰͷһŤͷҶСվԱߣæʩˡ
ҶСڰֵؾˣ
ܰͷǣ˵ͭ·ҢԱҵĻƣһ˿ͭʡ·˴ʱǡһ֧ӹӵһжʱɽͻȻɽںõԾ̶ε󣬽ǵĻԱ⣬˵Ҫ𡣡
ҶСĿһӭһ֧ӣ֧ӿɽͬ
ܰͷҡҡͷ㿴ʬ壬ӭĳ
ҶС쿴˿һ泯죬ʺмߣһɲݣ
ܰͷְѾϸѲϲûκοԱݵĶ
ûô
ҶСոȻʱ¶֮ɫ
ܰͷˣ·Ҳ˽˽ôͬʱЩ׷ѵˣΪڸ֮߶ٸĹؿ٣Ҳ롮
ӭЩ˺ɽ֣˺üɽһаʿһᳵǱ߻ʬҲǵģЩݻ߿ɣɽӦûʲô
ҶС˵ͷЩ߻ӰͼΣŰʾܷϳǵݡ
ܰͷӦǡֵһɽһڸػǺһôջ񡣴㿴ɽЩӶںõģ·ˣѱ֤ĶǳӣΪ˷ɽԼӿ췷˵ٶȣܶ˶õ
Ļ֧Ӷ˵·ɽڵҲ޷ʱֹݣһ˰ģ١ɽǲַġ
ҶСĻЩζʲô
ܰͷְΪɽӵʱһ̽ķǳǰԱݡ˵Ļʹõ乤гʱ䶼˽úԣҪôڼ飬Ҫô˺ԱһйеĽӴ
ҶС˵ͷȻҲˣҲףȻ·ôҼʱ·ʱ⣬ȶ̫ȷй¶֪
ܰͷȻȥӵˣӦþվԱ뿪վʱйнӴְʱͬǽӴϸ顣
ʱȻߵߵԶҲţܰͷĻȻͷܰͷԴеϹšվ뿪վʱڣò;˺йӴȻ˶ĿɻһЩ
ҶС˼һ£Ȼʵ㷽˵аʿһᳵһˣʣ˼ϵ˻Ȼطȥˣ
ܰͷְҪ˵طǣʱ·Ҳδǵʬס
ҶСʶؿççɽ֣ܰͷɽǿԱ󣬻˴ҴĻƺͳʽҲڣʧٵֻж֧ӵ˼
ԶȻˣӦҲԱһɽ°ˡ
ҶСҡͷᣡɽ֪ԱĵϸΪƱ𡣰ʲôʿʲô߹ݣֵǰƱ
ܰͷôǾǱ׷ִɽ
ҶСççɽ˼Ƭ̣꣬йкۼߣѭټһ£
ԶæֹҶʷ̫ΣˣһЩɽδԶ֮ǡǵȵ׳ɽɣҲɵǰЭ㡣
ҶСõģѾ֣ôʲƻְƱûвԶ߸߷ɵĵҪЩʧߣָܹṩôõϢֻϣǻδܹʱһܰͷ
ܰͷһͦ˶ְڣ
ҶСץסһһϵĵҡ£УԸһֳˣѭɽ

ٴУζƷŲ裬бһĹҵ˽
ٴһʱüͷһ壬ϸģõصվס㲻ȥôôͻؼˡడҲˣҪгԣӣóеô
һͽţʿĭҡ
ٴҪ죿Ҳ⣬Ĵ⣬ӻǱٴҲ⳵оӪˡ㰲ĸ⣬ģҲõСɹôɣ
Ҳ⣬ʵǽȷʵû⡣ǳгЩ
ٴŭʣѧˡ㵱֪ôڵⶼǽĳз˵ģٻƶʮ೵ߣ˵û⣿Сӣǲ첻Ƥʵˣ
߷ߵվǶӹţֱü۵س˵ˡ
ٴѲ豭صһ٣ȵôţ߸˸޵ģ˵㻹˵˲ɣǲ밤ˣ
Ѳһǲ˵ٴڵһԩҸָˡ


04 ԩ
ٴñϢݣĶӸտеϢͿʼҵˡʲôʱʡģ㲻ûУߣ׳ȥͭأȸ׼Ҽ棬С²УǾ͸ӣҴСǲָˡ
ڨЦ׼Ѿɽһץˣ֪أĶȥ
ٴʧɫ˵ʲôһץ·Ңʲôʱ¶ô֪
ǽϰһΡһּҵ̶ӶˣԱƱϢһ·ϾټҪٰ·ǳͣ˰
ٴŭʶô¶ô˵
һ˦۶дǵصⲻǸ˵ôո˵˵ѽҵҲܲ˵Ÿսûû˵ңһῪô
ٴҡ
ࡰ߿žصҪ˵أԱҪ군ˣ˭֪ǡһɲǸöĺԱҪһǱŮøТɣһؾ͵⾰ǲ͵˼ұôԲ̸һ¡
ٴ㡭
ӵصҿӻ̵ʱʶһճ̣椣귽ʮߣ硢󷽣סڼ񣬶Ӷһ飬ŵҲϲģõ
ٴܻص죡
޴˸£Ͻ졣
ٴ޴࣬һҪ˵ı飺Ӳ˵˵Ӳ˵˵ˣ͆¾˵ЩŵĻΪӲ֪߼۹˸Ůƣͷ¶⣬ŮܽǼҵţҪϲȢޣ檾ͺˣȢΪޣŶûУ
ѲһŶûУҾ
ٴһʲô
޴Ҿʵ˵˰ɣҸͬѾУٵȾŸдӱˡʣҲϣҲϣҵ£ͲҪ
Сӣ
ٴŭƾ޴׷Ĳ㱾£˽̣ҴТӣͬȢţûŶ
޴ߣһµҪͬ⣬Ҿҳߣ
ٴֺֺЦһ׷һߵôţԼˣӲǲǣҪŻˣб¾ߣ˾ͱ
޴˵İ˭Ҫ˵˭С
ٴһģ㡭ʶ
޴һ˦Ȼߣ˵İɲ˵
޴һ˵һԺˣ˵ԺһתҲƵܵˡ
ٴվסŲ޴ԶȥıӰСӣŻô㣬û͵޴Ż
ٴ˵ţ˫ɫԱȻһƱһٻеôö벻ĵԽԽˣһߣһСҲҳ
ٴ˼Σ˻ƣһϼ˱ӵߡּýվںٴǰֹ̬뺷֮ÿһΨΨŵŵģĴƼضһ
ٴһһصҲ塮һ䣡

һ̽һͷ´һֻֻһ˶ӦǶ꼾ڱˮĹ֣гҰݣƽ濴עĻΪһƬϵͰĲݵء
棬һΪʧѪ࣬ѾһƬ԰ףظǰһƬѪ
µǸŮˣ˿ϢٵˣѸԼ˺ѵذᶯ˵壬˴ѸٲȦ
һȥ£¶°ɫխ䴺ԼԿ廨ĨأĨϲ¡毺ãǷǣէйҲȫ⡣
ŮСԡСԺӣӳԶǳӱ㳹ɢ˼ܣ˱㻤ɽӣ׷ڣľشǸװǵġ
ЩɽԭҲһҪأǽٵͼǲơȻûԳٲƣȴɫòЩɽҰÿɱȵģֽׯҹķǣЩֱɽɫĴ㣬ټģ̫ӣЩɽ͸ǲˡ
УСԻɽЩ׷ɱ׷ɽʱççѾʧȥǵӰΣֻ㬶顣
СǰսѾˣһ·ıʱӶ˳һᵶһŶӣֱҵ⴦Բڣһйˣŵ
СѾԣᶯ壬ѹſ۾صС㣬¡ˡ
˵ϻͦͦţܻͻš
˵һ䣬һʱüһܱ΢΢ֳʹ֮ɫѹ£˳ŲݴԻǳڽҽţʹǣڸվ
סףֻһʹ̣̾˿õҲ߲ˣ׷һѡܻ뿪Ҿ㡭
˵ţתۿСԣȴ泯죬ֻ۾ţȴʧȥĹʡ΢΢һСԣţ΢΢ţһ
ĬƬ̣ܻ뿪ұƴļˣȥɣ

ɽͣһܰͷѸٿ̽һҶСˣӦˣ˿ѲӰ
ܹˣɽ½һЩʬ壬ɽߺɽбɱЩʿͬ
ҶСһֵߣȥ

ԶͦԸ̾˿ҶСɽȥ
ܰͷһ·ߣһ۲ŵϵʬĺۼӣᳵͻΧʱЩײ̫ܵʱɢ˼ܣʿͻųɽ
ɽ;УЩɽڼ׷ϣǱ˱ս·ϲôʬ壬ǼʿղڵйѣȻǿս㿴ˣмˣӦǰܵʱ˵ġ
ҶСЩɽɽ࣬ĿԱЩƻΪȴ⳵׷᣿
Զ°͵Ī⳵˴񣬱ԱԸ󣿡
ܰͷˣᳵݻξ¿ʱᵽ֮㣬ӦǸŮˡ
ҶСĻǾΪɫˣ
ҶС조žش˸ָǰдеĴһָȵѣ


05 һ˵
ֿѣ˻ţҲӵ̫Զ
ۼïܣҪɽȥʮҲ޼£Ǵ˿ֻôˣپһ͸𲻵ЧҶС´һʵе
ܰͷɵˣɢĻ
ҶСصģɽѾòƻȻԶݣʲôգֻҪСĽµ߳Ұ޾ˡ
ܰͷֻӦǣһ֣켸ǰɢȥһҶСͲǰֻ̽ȥܰͷҲǳڶһƬά֮ġ
Զ״ҲγװģŲݴǰȥ
СԵʬڲݴУߣ̬ȴƽݣ·Աֻ˯һˡ
ĽҰ⣬ǻһλĳ棬²ŵ޿ˣҲҪǾʬԶһЩȴ·ԼĹ뷿֮УǷݵһ
ڵϣ˵ҽ˵ףϸ˼ŽյԽԽⳡȫġ
Ⱦĵ׼һķɲɽһ磬ЩɽһĻΪҪϮּ󶼱Ǽɽһɱ
˭أ
Ĵ˴֮Ĺϵǳӣ˵׹ϵļ˴˹ϵУļ弴йҲμ漯š
ƽʱ罻ζƽʱ޳ġгĻɶʵֻһĿǰ˵жþɱֶͼɵģֻҡ
һμңμЩչĲ²μҵΧҵĹΧͼ𣬺μҾһĦ
μȻȴμһ磬Ҫ֪ˣһᷢ裬ֻҪץѱҾͻ㾡ȫϧͬھҲҪμҡ
μҺȻЩĦȴԶûˮݵĵزμҵΪ˴һº͡ųμңôֻʣһˣˣǾǲҵӦ
ҵʵʵѾңֱ׷μңѹһͷһֱڻҲһֱӦǱڵĶ֣һ
ֻӦݶ̫⣬һ֣ɲ˱īһϷҲǸĽǶӴеһģǣһȫ
ںأҲڳһԺ־ڱصõ̬ȣ˾ٱȻŭӦұӦҵλϰľϵҪԸұ˳ֵɡ
ĴУҵΪӦһٴңЮʤֱ֮Ӿμ֮ϣ밲ҷͥ
ôɱӦֻӦĵһ壬Ⱦ֣һȫ׼ܴܿҺɽȣ׼õα֤յҴ˾Ѱ𱨸ȶˮ㡭
ôһѾĴ˴յȸһȫķҰѻɶΪӦΪӦҵ˳ӦһļƻϸƲ⡣
ҲֻŮˣŻһ򵥵˸ӣչӨӨŮ˸κԵķ
չŵֱ׷ɽȥɱЩɽˡӨӨǶʮλ岮߰ʮֵһȫгͲˡ
˼ţȻһϤϤݴԲһٿһǣףʹһƺߡ
ҧסʹѸһԵĲݴȥȻҲ֪˼ûзСԵʬףһΧи꾡ˣӲԶվǻᱻ֣ǱܵȷԷǵѡ
ԶŵװģţڵĲӡǰиˮɨŲݴԣԶǰȥʣµطøѡ
ԶԽշһ֪˼ĿһȻǰϵͰһҰͻȻҡһ£вһѽŲŵøˡ
ݴԵĲ΢˳һᲨţпʲôСޣԶܴҰζȥҲ㲻УŽŲ߹ȥȻéݵķ϶俴һĨס
ǲʲôɫСޣ׺һĨۣԶӹһĨɫʶ߬еĵ
ŵضڲݴУźעǸˮɨݴԵķȴûע⵽Զ
ӼѹŲݴԣҰԶķбһǶȣʹïܵĲݴзټ
Զ֪˱ҴߣܵضɱʵҲ֪Ʋй¶ϵٺ˸֪ЩʲôΪܵضԴ˱˵⡣
ɱֻӿ֣ɢˡΪҶСһڵ߹Զ΢ֱҶС֣Ųݴǰȥ
ҶС߹ɫԡ桱ǰȥԶ֣̫ԶˣɫѶأҪûʲôջǾͻȥˡ
ԶͷЦã
ǰ˵ĿڲֱæַЩа룺ҵ˵ǹٸ˻Ӧˣ
Ϊ϶ⳡģôڲɱ֮ǰӦȻ뿪ж˵ݡ
ƫƫҶС仰ûʲôԱݵĴʣԥҪҪȥǣһӦˣͶ
ʱҶСŴ󲽣ߵԶԶ˵ŻߵϷݳüߣƽ룬ҰݲݼֻǱȱ𴦵԰һЩ
ҶСɨһۣһƬݵأһ̤˿գҶС조ѽһ˱ȥ
꣡
һѩĸֵƵղֱûû뵽˾Ȼϱˤδֺֻգʧɫ
һиոյ˴ߣȴӲסΪʱеһʹһְֻ˸ʵʵĿԣм仹мҰҡҷţ˶û
ԲһгģҶСȴһϲɫһЦģߵӳȤ
ҶСһӵ£Ҳһˤ˵ϣһЩݾεЩģϵûоʹһڣ¶ϲɫ
Ϊûˣ˭֪ǰȻһף۾ģģƺһˮǳļ°ͣһͺ޲ð̽ȥ
ɽ
ȻŮˣ
ҶСһϮʿԺзɿͷҶС쿴뵽ܰͷᳵ˵ݡ
ҶС컹ӵشҶС죬һһصϣ¡ȥ


06 ԩҲͷ
ŶŶŶŶ
ҶСʡԼֻ˼ҹظأ˵ʱ֮仹һЩҰݣ֮䲢ûرеĽӴֻȴǴݴԣֱӰ˼ظϵġ
šڵģеԣ濴ôһӵġϸĹȻͦϵġҶС̧֣˸һԣڨЦ㡭
ҶС컰δˣȻһռôıˣȻҲҶС֮٣աҽˣ̫죬ǣ˴ҶСһѳסȡ
ףСͦİһѿգ⻹ͦʵҲŲôۣˡ
ҶСʶѣߵصʶȻռұˣ
ҶСɫҳԣ˵Ҫ֪ҿǴС
һʲô
ҶСǲǵһҲ֪ҿǵһΰ˵˭Կ
÷裬ѿ쵰ˣұȣ
ҶСɿȣ̯֣ίصôˣû٣ǻнڲٰΪŮ˶ô룬Ѱôİá
ҶС˸߻أʱԶܵԣʵؽеҶˣû°ɣȻλҵʧٵô
ԶǰŮӲݴԣ֪޷ȷԼЩ˵ݣԲɻȥòҪҵ˭ҶСһӵԶװɵ㼱ϻ
Ҷˡ
Զƺһ˫ˮӲҶС죬ôǺӵģʵе㾪ȵģֻϧա졢ģԶһ˵ģ
һ˫ˮҶС죬صǺصʷҶС죿
ܱΪ˵Ķǹ٣й˾ʮֻһҶģԶһϾʶҶСݡҶСӣҶСĿȴͷһؼ
ҶСԶֶ֣ȻǱ١벻Ҳ֪ٵְǺǣ⡣ȴ֪ʲôˣɽô
ǡ
һ٣ȻؽȥǹŮ˸ᵽ㣬һк֪˴ݡ
˵΢΢¶飬ūҴӹܼ˻ͣǰ̽˸ģ˭֪·;֮ϡ
һӵģʱܱü۾˿ȻЩĳɷݣǿȴ͸ղŵûʲôҶС쵹ûпʲô״
һŮҶС첻ɴϲںͻ졢첮Ķףһ߶Ҫô˵硢첮ġСҶ˶е⣬ôı죬ںҲ첻ȥ
СҶվһߣ̬ڴ̫ȭҷԴǸ±ͷ꣬첮ĲһϳԱҶСȡ֧֣Ůɲ˫Ĵûô
ҶСϽ¹ڣصڰ˳䡣ʮ֮˾šȣؾڷִ󰸣ҶĳΪʷԴģģһּù鰸
ǻƫƫ˵Ĳײ࣬ĵﰵһ¡ʱΪԶһ󺰣˶߼йҶСæȥɡ
ʱܰͷˮ˲ݴԣƽһطбҶСˣǱ߷һʬ塣
΢΢Щ˵ҵĻڻһ·ˣضǰʬҲȥҪúð
ҶСͷԵˣԣǰʬ̧ȥɡ
վÿ˫üܱҶСһվˣҽֻԽżͷʵˣ
űɽ׷ϣ˽š
ҶСӺذ㻹·ô
ýż̽һ£ҡҡͷ
ԶȻ˻࿴˿ЩΪѡλȻ߲·Ǿֻܱ뿪ˣ˼һŮܲšһЩãǱҲڽʲôƫƫŮζʮ㣬˭˼ӧ
Ƭ̣ܰͷһͦĳǱذͷ㿴ҶôˣҲˣĳɽɷ񣿡
ҧ촽ĿҶС΢΢һлܰͷټͣ͡硭Ҷʷɽô
ң
ҶСָָԼıӣЩȵĿ⣬ҶСķʱ⣺˳ÿû취ѽ
ҶСǰһ䣬Ƶصұ㣡
ΪţĸԸҲֻŮˡ
ʵҪҶС챳ԭܼ򵥣ˣܣԸκһ˽û˱޷ɽҶСѾմӣҲֻѡõڶմһӰˡ
ܰͷεӣĵС㰡
ͦеҰݣ¾͸ˣҶС촩Źѥ䲻㣬ҶС챳󣬵ӯ޹ǣӹϸһ˶ڱȴûһݹӲѵĸо·һ޻Ƶġ
ҶС˫зӽβ˫ɣһ֮и·ָ˾һֲ͵ĸо໬ϸ£꣬ҶС첻ɾ񣬷·һͷСţ㣬ˢˢˢˢֻĲߵ˹ϡ
̧СԵʬ壬һ˿ʼɽȻӯվҲзǶҶСֲǹҰްǿ׳ˣһ㽥
ټȫϣ˶΢΢ͦţ̫ӴһҶС͸оЩ»ҶСϵһ¡
ѽһʱҶС˫ýסβߵ΢΢һͦ֫ΪҶСڹ⿫ͣаգ§ҶС첱ϵֱһҶС羱šһ¡

ҶСһҽУԶ˷׷ײĿҶСһȻ̹մأŶҵǲ˵ģ㿴ԡ
ҶС˵ţа룺СӣֻĵĲ˹èƵģءȴ֪ϵɽСӣСèô򵥣ֻûбİ취󷢴ˡ
ҶСĻкòΪȻʸֶѣõŽеøɱһôҶװǻƵģ˼ɡ
ſҶС챳ϣݷԭͬҵ˵Ҳûôý̵ʷ֪ūС롣
ҶС棿ְֺ
˵ţҶСס˼ҹ˫ֱһʾ￴ƨɻͦģ棬żʵ쳣ˣһץµļ⾹ĸо
һҶСô˵ҲǾ˳ĵ٣ôȻ޳ܣû뵽ҶС쾹Ʀ˹ҧ롣͵ͣ֯Ů룡
һ˵һ˶ָҶСסһ⣬šţ˵ֱ͡һȦ˵롱һȦʮһʮ壬װ׳Կ
һõ湻ݣҶСԼͦʹ࣬ĿԲҧгݵص룡١˿ֺܱ°Ǻǣ
ҶСһ˵һ߬˫֣ſ˫֡߬ſ߬ţ׼ȷ˵ࡢקקָһˬ顭


07 
°סҶСĶҶСץסƬ⣬ǿ´ʹݺݵرţҧгݵ룺СѾͷƬӣ治ŮһԣϺͺ°ʹС
ӱ㣬ƨϣΣӴ˵ͦģб˲ռ˵ҽװ⣡ҽװ⣡󡭡
ʲôʱܹ˴ֱĶԴƨɶˣʹʡҧأһҶС⣬һ߰ݣ޳֮ͽңҶҪǧУ
ǰ͵ɽ£мǣ˵ƥԶֹЦҶˣλ
ԶһŤͷҶСɫһʧôˣͼҶСŤ˫ĿɵԲͷ亹乣ɱˡҶСҧгݵصûʲôеۣ
ָҶС쳷мصҶˣˡ
ҶС»ģǿʹûʲôҷɣɣ
ӵشūһһĶ̫ƽӲҰɣ
ҶСаޣƥҰȴЦޱȲãôأõ鶼˳ĺܡ
ҶС챳ߵǰŵϣڵطֱۣϥһ̤ĴվȥҶСĴȣסȥ
ҶСЦҲسǣ
˷׷ԼƥСԵʬҲ˴ҶСԼƥƵ￥ɴʱʵĵͻȻһɿشһƥľջҶСһ¶ݣ漴յݵԼ
ƥҪϮϣһ˻ǰȥ˼״ѣȴλ͵һ֣˫ЮסȻһˣʹҲֻ֮ʮɣͣ
ҶСӣװµط۵ߣЦЦгرǲˣ
ҶСüͷ٬һǲˣҪԹ˲֪ô
ɫһ䣬ʣҪ
ҶСʲôҪлѽ̫ˡҶĳ֮ҲܾûСˣõŰݷãҾȴ֮˰
Զܰͷ˲߽ҶСⷬԶЦҶʷɽھ꣬һμѻѽ
ǰûƤûļһͻȻЦˣһɽ軨ӭȻš
ҶСգգ۾΢ЦһֳǰȥıӰЦɣȴٿȻӹһĨɱ

ʱոոϻغأöü磬һæ²յ洺ӭеʵ˰ķˣȬ
лɴ˶ʣ¹ѾȬˡ
Ŷǿϧ
ţߣɫʱͳʱڹȻҲҵ٩ˡͷ壬˵˵˵Ķ֧£Ҷʷɽȡˮ˸կˣǿϲɺѽ
Цص˵ҵΪһĸ٣ӦΪսΣ£ѳͭʸͳ͢ˡϧ㵱ʱںأڹͲһʣȴҲ޴±ѽ
Ц¹ڴ²δʲô̰ˣ¹˵ȥϿֵˮʽһ紵˴˵ͷɴ
ô
ɴɲ¹˵ͭصķɽͦģʱ䲻ȥݰݣȥһȥ
ķž˵ɽ̫ޱȣȥɽӣľ˼ٰɽ°ߣʱľֻΪԴЮȻͷŵûַ֮١
űЩɽѺһһҹֱľͷŵԷŻأഫԣ˵Ѿɽ裬˵ͷѾ͵ˡ
һ٩ʱͺˣԽԽڣ˵ֻδᵱ׮£Խֻ̣һӣӲҲ̵ӣôЩ
ʱ䲻ɰٵȴԽԽηˡ໹˵·ϸոշһ׮󰸣ã㲻һ鷳ô
絭صΰһˡֻһֱ̼٣ַǳ͢ʱ٣ʲô˲Ĵˡ͢⣬ҲΪ±ٰɣ
ٺһЦ֪֪ǱΪƱԱʲôˣ
ؿѵ̼֣
ź룬̵ص̼̼֣֪ͭ
һԽŵص˵ʲô
·ҢĳŮ֪谮С檣·Ң֪ˣ¹ô˵ô
һʱľֽˡմ磬΢΢һЦֵ¹ٸˡ
뿪ãŴγѰʣҶʷô
òүʷǰؿ죬δ
Ҷʷ
òӦһҪ£ֵةһˡ
ò£ڶû뵽һ̼־Ȼ֪ܺǣϹϵΪŮ檲ʣԴӲ
ԱϽڳ£ܾȳԱ⣬ֻҪԱŮ֪ͷ磬ӿɾѹˡ͢⼸ĲʹͲ⣬ⲻ©ƫҹ꣬ͷô
Ǻ˻֪ؼ䣬ظϻԼĸۡԶԶͼһƱվĸۡſڣһ֪ʲô£æǰ
ҶСҪߵţȻЦ¹ҪŰݷء
һҶСһˣɻصҶʷô˵Ҹ
ҶС컹δشȻ˾ˣˡ
һ̧ͷȻŮôˣ㡭ǡ
ӭǰӣɾȵվס
˾ˡ
˵ʵص˾ˣ˼Ҵӹ㣬˭֪;ɽЩץأ˼Һ¡˵ţߵƵ߿žص
ĺ󱳣οⲻûҪٿˡ⺢ӣ·ôԶ·Ҳ֪һˣ˼Ц
ͷҶС״ˣŮܾСŻˣط꣬Ҷĳʱţδⲻ顣ֻǴ˰ǣ浽ԱⱻƱһ£ܲʣٵŰݷðɡ
ҶС˸ǣСԵʬ̧Ҳ׵̧ȥʱáлҶС죬߽ţһأͷſȻʵ˭
ϻžӨ飬ģȴ̲һֻŵ棬վűֱ˹شԺа˵ҵ֣


08 ҳ
ɽϣҶСǴլۡԾ˵ٶȽţͷһɽ̧ͷȥһģڶٿʱ㻻һģ
ҶСⴱլۡĹģܴ󣬿ֻռع㣬԰ִ󣬶ڼԺ䡢ܿʽڵձڵĻԼ԰мɽҪΥ˽ҪռһǧĶҲë
ΪۡĹģ̫ԾôȫԸع»޷סģȺɱסҲٵʮңҶС˿סС
ҶС뿪סɫԥҪҪȥ磬һ˼Ȼؼȥ˿̾̽ϸҲ޷һжһж˵
ҶСܰͷȻã˼ҡҶСߵԼסԶͼǰ˺ôһȣһǴ࣬ڵϣԲĺ͸޶еһƴ
޴ͷţҲ֪ڿϻʲôҶСߵǰ֪ҶС컽࣬ô⣬أ
޴һ̧ͷҶС죬ϲվ磬ˡ
ҶСֲˣôݣʲô
޴ҽˣǸΪҪСˣ۸ҡ
ҶСĸӣ˵޶
޴ɲôңңԺһҲעͷײҵƨɣҲһʶԾͳˡ
ҶСЦʵ޶ϲͷƨɵģңңҲô棬˿û
𣿡
һʱҾ˵ҴһԵôôи޶
ҶСЦ޶һǰ㵱ͬˣԶرС
޴ŷʹ磬˵ֻ˵Һڣ
ҶС׵øͷƵģĶˣ
޴һۣ˵ˣ
ҶСЦһƣˣٸƶ˵ôңʲô£
޴һȻ£簡Ѿ޼ҿɹˣ
ҶСһôˣ
ȻѾĿףֻͶˣң֮Ҳû֮ˡ
ҶСŵصˣ
޴󾪣ҵʲôˣ
ҶСεص㣬ǲˣΪ޼ҿɹˣ
޴ȻŶ椳װҵƫҪ˵һСΪޣҺҵˣҾҳˡ
ҶСüǸòֵôʵġ
޴ô˵Īǲң
ҶСЦôأˣȸҽɣҿɸ㣬լСҪס£ֻܸëͶ켷һ𡣡
޴ϲ̵صҲ£һûһ˯أͦõġ
ҶСҡͷ޴ȥ޶ȥȻ²ܹͷȥƨɣѾõҶС֪ͣ⸣޶ϲŻϷҲǻϲ
첻ëᣬңңСʰһʳ¶䵽ҶСͷϡҶСûƷգǼ򵥵ķ˻óġ
ҶС򵥵һһԵ࣬Ϊ٣õ裬Ƶģһ¶ǣſ裬ԲĶӣһˣֶƸ
ضҶС磬ҳߣĿף椼ҹ¶ĸģֲסȥΨһ뵽ľֻˡҵʱ֪һңҵ״簡
ҶСֺֺЦںػƽضһսġӻ̡ǡߡеĴ󶫼ңҳߣô޴ȥˣ˵ıеģëôңҲûô˹
ҶСҲ̬֮Ϊϵԭ򣬶ϵġɥĸɸһ󣬶һϸТӵԭһʹӵ۾δһ棬Ҫ˵̸ĹͨˣԴ¶ĸоһҳߣȻþĿס
ҶСԸȥǰ취һС󣬺óԺúȵع㣬ʲôطˣϲԹ𻨸⣬רŹ͸𻨸ĳ㣬Ҫôʣ
һ͸мҶκãСΪ㸶٣ֺϣõı𡣡
ҶС̾˿ĳصѽϰȡ˸жΪ㸶һУ㶼쾭塢ȻΪѡϱ⣬վΪá
డôһ֮ĺҲСˣ¼ҴҵʵһֻһˣҲϣߣҪԸ£統Ȼ㣬һϣܻصߡ
š
صشӦһҶСⷬƺĴֵ°ͣ¡ҶС״ҲȥֻϣԼⷬͨ
ҶСճ극ܰͷˣһҶСˣɽٰ쳣ӣ˵Ѿˣھ͹ȥһˡ
ҶС쿴ɫѾȫˣ룺ǵڹһζ԰ӵǺš
ҶСܰͷţҶСֱáϵʱϵƻ磬׺Ȳ裬첮ľȻҲڣһһڻס
ǰʲô飬һ²ؼĵȻģһȴΣ̬ءҶСɨһۣĵ¹Ů̬ȹȻͲͬˡ
첮ؿϣһήҲģ¹εѻ𣬱ҶСһͽˣͷ˺µĴЦֱڻûԪ
Щ첮һֱھʳվãԪδڼЪҶСɽķͷȥ֮ǰһֱϢģӭҶСֻǻҲԴ˰Ѱˡ
ҶС˻硢첮ġЦˡة¹һˡˡ
ҶʷˣǺǣ·죬ʵˣۿɫԭʱپ㣬ֻǡ
Ӱȡһţǰһݣ㿴
ҶСոæǰӹţصλ£չȿһֻһҶСüͷһžȻ֪ͭġ
ҶСͷһʮ֣ҶСһһֵؿƬ̹Ҳˡ
֪صҶС쿴ţЦ㿴ˣλԱȻ֪˵ɡ˵Ůֻ֪˵ˣȴһܳ裬֪¹˽ţ״µĽҪ
ҶС쵱ȻףͭʸºǾǹ¹졣˽ʵǱ֪̬ȣ֪ȻΪд˷ţ˵Դ˰Ѱعע
̾˿·죬˽
ҶС¹Ȼ˰һֱڸػĴһΪ
첮ĴĻ֪˭ҪҪǣܲܰץ鰸٣ðԱžȳ򡭡ֻ֪ﲻý
첮˵һҶСϽȻ﷢Ĵ󰸣ҲļšֻͷۻֻðиҶˡ


09 ͭ
˰Ȼ֣ҶС첢ûѵ˼ΪרְײĵʷжҲܡңԱ֪ߪ֪֮ܲȫԸ
ߣں㣬ͱô첮ġΪ֮ìȻɵֻ͡첮ĵˣԻһ磬Ųսˡ
첮лĶͷ˾еǻѣһ첮ռϷ磬һ侮ʯһ̬ѱҧһڣǱǡ
£첮䲻ֻҪһΣͿʧȥСԣЮʤ֮񣬼ԼӰ죬ܵ첮ڹְռݵơ
ȻһжΡ첮һֻҶСĸв죬ѵˣ¹ΪʷײȻԴȻȴͨĵݺʮɽִаʮúùٱҲδֺ¹㰡
绹û˵첮ıһѵʲôҵʳ͢ٺ»Ч͢ΪǣһԱⱻƱû֪ϵҲþϹᣬѣηѶˣжΡ
žžž
ҶСƣȻ޵ةⷬǿҶĳֻ֮Ҷĳְ΢ᣬةִ˰ҶĳԸߣΣ
첮һϿ١ȿȿȡֻѽǵ˴£֪˹ΪôǱ˵ҲḺȫ𣡡
ҶС조͡һЦһۣԻ¹پȫȨ˰ҪõѲʱ
ϵػѲȫ㡣
ҶСֵ¹ǲܾȳԱ⣬ȻеȫΡҪ¹ٳҳɹȴǰºͣ¹ٿɲġ
ٳ˰ѻ˵ô׵ģ첮õ۾ȴһ죬Ͻӿڵػʵϱ͢κ˷Ĺͣ
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ҶСͦةһҾȻˣ¹ԸȫȨ˰۳ɰܣһеǣ
ҶС˵תߣ첮ĲҶС߳ã̲ס˵ʮ㣬Īа취Ըǡһ
첮ȻôܣһΪǭ꣬͢ͼãë֮󣬱ɽһ꣬ǲ֪䳲Ѩڣɳ۱κεҿҶС֪зʦ֮꣬޼ɵ
ʵصԸ˰ɣҺؽ£ƻ˰ǴҶһ¡ֻǴ³о֮٣ֻ֪أֳ
صλˣҶС˾ʲô⡣ҿΪʷ˼ζѲ˸ϵģɴһˡ
һô򵥡
ﺬڽصжิӣˣҿ̫ˣԺܼ򵥵Ҳúܸӣ

ҶСãԶɽ¹ȥ
ɽԴԣһʿΧԣտ׽Сޣ󿾵֨֨ðͣһЩ֪ʯϣֵģٺ׾ƣҲ⡣
ҹɫɽҲ⣬Ҫ˵ҶСֻһˣٶ༸Ҳɽµġ
ҶСȷʵûаնԸһûм˵ľ飬Щçç֮УҪҵǵ䣬ڡ߶ȫôҪǵĻҪ˵׳ǳٱôҲ
˵ΪʷѲ˸ϵ첮󣬿첮װֻҪԼͷ»治ðȻͷһͷҲһβӢһЩ
ңһȻѶԸҲδȫȻûа취аǧѴ򹤸ǷأֻҪһԸЩϵȻ໽ųɽƶںӶҲܰ
ҶСһɽһ룬ɽȥˣǧ˷ףֵطǿѾʤڣ˶˷£̫ӴļϰʮӴѸ١
Щɽ綼ĴսʿѡһЩӢֻҪҵһϳδؾûл֣㲻ˡһҪȳԱҲǴϣġ
ҶҴլʱѾ߹ģšǰͥȲλѽϣֻʣ軭ϸ´Ϳ๤ȺĶԺҲѾһ룬᷿԰ڹ̵档
ǰͥԺǹɫ£Ѿ˼ƽĴʯ̫һʯϣƷɴԶһݸ
̫õлӹ֦ŵĿ㣬ԵֻСè˹ļˡ
˵ôˡ
̫ƷɽľѰľƷɼȥ̫ò¹ϣӨҹɫͦıǼ⡢Ƶ촽һ˵ĲӰ
һȫɵˣ
ţ벻ةʱǸֵģľһôţؽ֮ſɣΪͻؽͨ˾ˣһųȥͻȻңֵı顭
Ʒɳ˿ľһù򣬿ʱؼϣֻܱһȭһȭҿд磬Ҳܱ˳ǻһˣİҲ벻⡣
Ʒһ£Ц粻һعصˣƺ˼䣬רƻصġ
̫Ӹ˵һЩ飬идصͷţߵȷҹƽ̴ǧ꣬ûгֵߣӵλλ¾ûһǰͬġڻսм̳֮λܾ¾˼ʮ꣬ҪȢӡ
̫̾˿еĹضƻˣɳƫƫû취ǰҲôɣЩߴûȥԡ
Ʒɿ̫һۣ̽صϲҴ磬ǰɣ
̫òü΢΢˵ϲϲ
Ʒɵϲֺ֣ܶ
̫õǵȻϲҵϲҵܵܣϲҴСһ𳤴ĺýãһϲͬ
Ʒڰص˵ġϲŮˡǲǣϲŮϲ˵ϲ
̫ÿоһ㣬Сĵطһߣ˲죬˫ϥ˫ֱסϥͷ°͸ȥؿǰƺŻƷ˵Ļ
ǰƽͻȻðһȪһһɶߣͻͻƬ̣ͻȻˢһʧˡ
̫˿ƵصҲɣҲ˵ҼǵøʶʱҵܵܵĸɵҵܵܳһֱֲֹҵͰϰߣͷȥɵͰ
ʱûôעǾõܵܵɵúᣬģҲͦÿֻǱҲ˼ӣŵܻܵɵЩΪ顣ٺȻͱѡУǵߡ
ʱҶҲûʲôرĸоˣҲҵܸܵˡҪ֪ܳΪߵӣǶôҫ¡ţչأΪѡˡ


10 Ҫ
̫ýٰͦ㽿أҿկĹֻҲ̫ãկ綼ϲء̷ҫȻֻң˭֪
̫þɥ¼ְ°ʹϥͷ߾ȻҪ˼ʮ꣬˼ֱͻկˡ
ҶС߽ţԶͿƷɺ̫һʯϵ˽Ų̫йصҺòҺãկȥĹﶼͻȥˣҪԺûˡ
Ʒɵɴ۾ȵص㡭㲻֪ϲϲ𡭡Ҵ磬ȴԸ
ֵ̫ؿһ̷ۣϵĹޱҫ°ΪʲôԸ⣿
ͷ룬šɵᣬ㣬˻رҲϸ룬ʵһҲͦð
˵̫õ΢΢Щ죬ֻҹɫ¿̫塣ƷȴɬƷɲɥֱˬ󷽵̫õȷ˺øУ˭֪ѿոյͱ˴ֱزˡ
Ʒɰ룺ʵϲҴģֻԼû쵽ˡ
̫ĵ̾˿ƲֵصϧҪ˼ʮأҾһֱףȵʱҲûʸ˰ʱҶϺˡ
Ʒص㲻ھͼ޸ӺˣҴһֱָţȴһֱҲ
̫һص㿪ЦɣҡֻһɽﳤСŮʸ񡭡ң㲻˵ͺļҵĴСô
ƷɵǰǶôˣûӨӨϢҿ¶ˡӨӨһܷʹһ𡣴ʮҪɽߣľأ˭Ҫܸӣ϶ޣ
𣿡
̫õ۾ҹɫһ˫ĺڱʯӣӡ
ƷɳԾصɴ۾㲻ǵİɣ
̫á͡һЦƤأʲô档
Ʒ˿ЦҾ˵أɽ磬Ҳ˴󵨲ǡ
̫áٺ١Цб룺ӰҪôأǸкѽǺ鷳Уҵûɽһˣʦ
ҶСʱѾߵһ仰Цʵ̫Ҫʲô󵨵°
̫ҶС죬ͻȻǰ̫һѽһ鵨ӵػ𡭡ߡɵ
ڱǰһˬʣһҶС;ҶСһֱΪΪԼݶηЦϸɵɵģûϣ̫ŤҲƷһҴˡ
ģ
̫˫һϲ̵صɡ𡭡ȣ󡭡硭
ҶСʧЦôһȽиɵѳô
ָ̫´صǰֻǡֻҵҪҵʱɵѽ
ҶСҪ㣿
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ҶСȻϵȷʵ߰㣬һӣùǸ۸ġ
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̫õּϲüңҶСҲֻǻƺôͿĳֵؿһۣתƷɵƷɣҪ鷳ɽһˡ
ҶС龭˵һ飬ֶһ̫õԹٸǺѳɹģǧʿѡԼսʿƷ죬ɽѰҴһĳѨ㲻ץҲûϵֻҪȳԱ⣬Ǵ󹦸ɣ
û⣡°ˣ㾡ܷĺˣ
̫һ߻¶ʱϲϺƵشӦһһظʾģظһģ΢΢һ£ŪҶСһѾͷôԴٸƵġǧ˻һ𣬶ŮˣҪŪȥҿӰɣңңܺǱһ𣬿ɲʲô¶
̫Ļŭŵ룺ҪһأһǶҡѽ˼ҵϻɽһˣ

ëǺ˯ңңŹǷصݣͷ΢ĵƹ£ڹĵżֻں̳ӡëǵͷ˯ƿƿ޹޵İȥ
ãȻ̧ͷ¿ȻôúúãҰѹӷŻȥ
ëֵͷ˯ͷɡతྡ
ͻȻ߬˫ȭҪؼң
ëǱһҪڴϣ㶵˵סôզҪȥˣ
˵ĶԣҲôһ֮ҵֻһӣֻҵһϱҪȢԼȢģɵҲܶһȥҵ˵
ëǰѱһҪȥɡôˣҲû׼ڵϹģô߰

ҶСŵɽߵӵС·ʱһֱ͹ĻƷɺʿȥҼңǾͲˡ˵ɫ⻹ˣһϳվǸ鷳ȥɣѡ㹻ֺɽ
ƷվסŲҶСãǻȥˣģǲκκۼһҵϳ
ҶСͷŻƷ˽ԶȥŵСС
ף
ҶСȻվסŲԶͼСһ⣬ɿԾǰȥҹɫԶԶȥһŹҶС֪˴ŻѣɻǾе䣬ö˶˵ģ˭ŻѸҹ·
ΧģҶСܾúƵģϽӿŲԼȥҶСһݣͼëǰջҶСôջʲôˣ
ȩ̈ͷջ𰡣ء
ҶС쿴ڵˮЦëҲϸˣǸյģãһ죬˫飬̽š

ŻѣһСܶԼȥǴһȼյľ񣬲רõĻѣȼղ˶೤ʱ䣬ߵ»Ϩ
ź鸮аأǸڽʹʱѾϣźڸϵԼϣץŻҪţڵģһ㿪һ졣
һæŽȥŷеôۼôôŶأ
ŵŷһ࣬ϲүɻˣģʲôүԸŵģ˵ү֣ǽ̫ˡ
ӣ֪ҿ϶
һţһլȥ
լƹ⻹ţٴ뿿޺ϣһյʱʱһڣ϶վǰְѾȫ֣ܿܲ鵽һ䡣ҵ˴ô죿
ٴƬ̣
϶΢΢һ˲ǾƻЩôôô
ٴ΢΢۾ôԶĻ£ҡҶֲ嵽˺ءͷϻڣѾûʲôüֵˡ
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϶Զ٣˵͵˧Ѿյˡ˧ܿģ˵ѵϲ£ݲͬҪٳ;ظˡ
ٴ׵޽ǣ˵صҶѾͣ˧;͸ˣ٣ôܲ⡣Ժǻ᲻ˡ
˵ٴĶͻȻ˶˵ˡ
϶һٴЦóĽŲ⺢ӡ
ٴ˰֣϶⣬ǷһȻ¡


11 ٶȾ
ߵſڣﻹŵƹ⣬̽ͷһƣӭ׵Ŀ⡣ٴΣ
ڨڨһЦͷͷŵؾҪӻԼңСʱ̰棬ÿλ˱ϵʱһ߳־òԣæһתֻص
ٴɽ̽ͷȻ͹߿ˣһ漴ЩЦ⺢ӣվǸӡɽ޴߽ģ·һλ̳ʿٴϽ΢¶ЦݣŭĿ״
ٴҪҳôôˣıûѧѧˣ쵰ˣȻ㶼ҳˣʲôѽ
޴಻䳰ȷ߹ȥһӣǰһգһƨȥ˫ַϥ𵶵صҪú̸̸
ٴһ㶣Щȵؿ˶һۣδһ棬ú棺̸̸Ҫ̸ʲô
޴̸ϱ
Ŷ
ĸ֮ý֮ԣ⻰ûĸΪʲôҪôΪ˶Ůôϣһӹƽ۶ӣ׵ġ
ٴһϻοɫҲ˵վǳˣѾʼˡ
ٴ׾ͺáԵαԵķ࣬ôȣϱҲΪһӴ㰡ԵޣѾˣܹ㼸ꣿݼҵҲҪϣϽȢӣ˼Ҿֻܱˡ
޴һû˵أ
ţ
޴ǺģɺҲ컵°˵λּСѹûô֪ǲأ
ٴϸѰôģּСᣬ֪ǻм٣˵ԱΪ̳ܽԵ֪ǵĹŮһεǴȥôһ׼ϲ
޴Ųõġһأ˵ҸĶˣ
ٴüͷʱšһ⻰ôôŤҶӲңʲô
޴˵֪Ҿһϲһϲɲ˵һҾĻϲѾϲˣΪʲôҪϲˣȥϲһأ
ٴӵĻƵеͷΣź⡭
޴˼椵ȷССССôСұδؾͲĸǴʺǴС˼ѡģĸ֮һĺúõģ
ٴŭ˵˵ȥ˵ϷͬȢǸ椵Ĺ
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޴ûӿģ͵һĴȣҲ㣬ҪȢһȢ椡ҪǿּҹˣԼȢ
ٴöͷˡ򾡱ȵʲô˻
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ΪּС㣬ȻҪߣ
౯صΪּСǼҵţȻҪߣãߣߣǾȢҪȢԼȢ
ٴץ豭ҵϣɲ豭ȴܵһѲ豭žһˤϣҹ
ҹ͹бһӺˣһ
ŭתߣٴͷۻ߶µϣȻ޴ֽ˴ٴ㵵Ŵ۾ͼ޴࿴һֱۣߵԱߣϵһյ̨ơ

ҶСë˵ոµĶҲҶСⲻ߶ҪʱѧϰҶСʱæҪȻĹѧѧġ
ֻʱ̫٣ԳʱѧϰϰͬʱΪһʱϰǱĶ棬ȥ׽һ˷ȴҲࡣ
ҶС԰һԳһ׮ӣ˿ʱ䣬һúϰ˵һ󻰣ëǱЪˡ
ҶСˮ˽ţһƣһɨգȴӿŲŵص˶ݣϻһյСС͵ƣý𹳹Ųδңң˯繭Ľë˯ʮְꡣ
ҶСҡͷһЦСѾͷˮ˵ЩμʲôŮҪ˯ڴ࣬ϷȥһĹأëѾͷʲôŮˡ
ңң˯ʵҶС컹ǵһ´ȥȥ£ߵߣ嵽ңң£С͵ȥĶȻ΢ǰңңˡ
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ҶС͵ţˣ˯ɣˡ
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Ŷ
ңңӦһԹԵ£һ˫۾ȴûк£ǿҶС죬ϴϢ
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ңңϵС磬ơ
ҶСŰɣȥ˭ڵϹģͱˡӴ
ҶСһ˵һССһ䷿˵ģ۾Ҳſڣֻ˷ϴ˽Żûˮ軹߷ţȫ޴ĲõļҾߣյض٣ҶСһϣһˮȷˣʪܵġ
ʱԺſţ޴磬ţţ
ҶСյصǴ࣬СӲǻؼ˯ôôҹˡ
ʱݵĶҲѯʣҶСǴ࣬񲻼ãͲҪˣȥţ
ҶСڴ򿪷ţԺǹɫܿЩҶСһǳһŵ߹ȥŰһֻǰһƬĹ⣬ӳһŸڿеֵͷŵһֽУҳȥ
޴౻һֽһŵĵƵϣ޴æ磬ңʲôѽ
ҶС춨һſ޴һյ̨ƣԲԲĵŹ⣬ҹɫз·һԲ򣬵ֵϷ޴°ͣ޴ഩһɫɫְֻܿһŴƹһշ·ƮڿеһŹͷ
ҶСûصôôһӣҹָˣ
޴೤̾һݵص磬ǾĿףֻͶˣңҲû֮ˡ
ҶС죺


12 ¼
飬ҶСڡมļ·ԺУͼϼһԺȭˣڵһѣһѣȻԵá
ҶС̧ͷ˿ɫϲ˻ҰɫƲʣ糿ⱻȫڱӦûһСꡣĺѾ⣬ʱһ굹Ҳǻ¡
ҶСһ£˱Ҳˡһ˶ͣȥһҿζСԵ꣬Сһӣһռš
ëǶǴǺһ˳԰ͣıǽ壬ҶСǣңңС֣һ˵Цߡ
޶ʹԻʵ̫ܳˣҴȻϾҲʵίԵլ˳ԺҶСͰɽǲڼΪǵһͷˡ
ӻ̻ţҲкֻܶӻ̲ǲÿŵģǱһȥһˣҲҶСؼҡһ˸յſڣ̫þʹʿˡ
̫ôһϮྻʵȾ°ȹϴһֻ˶ȦϹȭͷϸˬ͸һҰ֮Ȼ
ҶСעؿһۣ˫ƵĴ۾Ϻߵشȥ׵̶ˮһ㱡󡭡硭һҶС죬̫ñҲЩ졣
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ҶСһæŶɽ£
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ҶСҡҡͷȥϰݷһ£һҪȥӻ̣æоտңң
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ëǿģ׺ȴǸŮ˵һģʱֽţް˵վһޣ֪˻ΪҰôˣ˵¡
С˳صūҳһ˲ף˿ýǼҶˣҲûлˡ
ëǶͷˣˣۡҴȥˣȥǶң׼šվ޲ǸôҪȥ

ϣ˵ҶСˣӭߡ
ҶСŮɻô
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ҶСһʹʱϸˣһƬѾͷǺ顣κҲЩǶҶСòҲ̫ʹֻǡ
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ձҶСһĻŭȴɫ˿վһ档
ҶСµģЩ⣬Ϊ˼棬ӻעݺݵһۣ˵ݻ˭֪ȴȫյľ
ҶС첻ɰ룺ѾͷǸǳš
ͤѾһЩʹл˼䣬ҶСת⡣֪һеû˿Ϊ֪ıͲ࣬ȫ˵ҶС֪ҲûʲôǹԼĴ⣬ȴһҲûн
һ˿̵ݣͲƶϡߣǲ߻ôұȻѾҷȫ湥׼ӦԾɱʧܡҷ˵׼£ûзҵı̲зһЩǾ͸¶֪ġ
ҶСûдκмֵĶǱһϣ˵ҲʧϣڻƷɺͻƷǶٰʮʿϡ
ҶСļ䣬㼴ǣǾȻĴˣһֱڵ߳ţҶСżЦСҶĳǣ
һЦҲҶʷϷͲԶ
䣬ԸǽͻȻһòСһͷ˵ҶС£סĴȣ޵Ҷʷūҵúÿۡ
ҶСһʲô
ֱ֮ɫɫ֮ͽ֪Ķ޳ܸˣ׷ˣ


13 Ůʦ
ҶС쾪ȵصСǺˣ㡭ְģɺͳ
ٸֽ̿һֱıһȥڼҶС죬ǡˮץסһľͷﻹϷֻ֣˺ޣί˱ץģϷſֺ
ҶСεؿһĪģҶСЩؿڨڨص㿴⡭
龰ҲʶԼǰĲ²ЩƲǰλٸλ㣬˵ʲôԩ˵ſ˿Ҳǰ취
ͬΪŮˣʹٸЩȫУּ˵ٸҲ֪ʧǣæͷվ
״ҶСҶʷ㿴ҪҪת˵ſڶв㡣
˵ĹѾ·վסҶСͷٸֻصҵĿ
ҶС£ٸֺԿο䣬ҲصԼλ¡
ҶСźɫʵλӣʲôԩҪ󱾹ֹŶԱλǱˣǺǣԩ˻ˣǱҲûôΪˡ
ٸؿһۣɿشĵصλүūҶһٻ֡Ǳضﱤϡ
ҶСЦðҵıҡ˵ɣʲôԩףѹǡ
ٸµصǡūūҵɷǰˣūҪļޣɡɹС廹ūҡٸ˵ţ̲ס
ҶСһɫͬʱٸЩġ
ͳĶ˳ŷǡСʧ´󡱣Ȼ͢ҲûڷϹ涨عѸ˲øļޣǹٷһֱǹؽڵģؽڴﵽһͷ⻧˼ҵĸ˰ﵽͷΪ⸾Ʒһֱֹᳫ̬ȣڷļߣȻͬ顣
ҶСƽ񣬴Сƽ֪˼عѸ˶Ż࣬ԶԸ˸ļ޵ûʲôִûеִ˫˫Żӭ
ǣȻ⸾˸ļޣۼٸ꣬ôźļޣҹԱ״δҲ̫ȲЩҲȻ
ҪļޣҲ¿
ҶٻͷūҵҼҾƶ࣬ҸУƴƴ֣ĸֵܲðΪū
Ȼˣ㵱ȥұʷǼײ˵¾ףش֮Ȩ
ҶС׵Բ˵飬һְ֮ȨǱٿҶСӣҴˣ
Ҷٻ̼شڵϣҶүūȥȥõģ̫үһͰūҴ򷢻ȥˣ˵Ҫôͬ⣬Ҫôͬ⣬ǲµģҶүūĴǱ٣Ů¿꣬ʵֻүֹˡ
ҶСһȥȥҹ̫үɷ꣬ȥǾǸһʱ֮ǰغżҲֹף֮ãô˵Ҳɷ˲ãͳҪļˣиӱģص²ְȨҶĳﲻ㣬ҶСӣذɣ
Ҷٻһشү㲻ΪūūΨһ֮ˣ
ҶСŭİдвôϳȥҶȥ⸾˵޳ʹˣһŬҶ϶ݺݵ˹

ӯӯ˾ҶٻһۣʵҶСӣļޣǵ˼ң
ҶСһګګصûֻҪͬļޣūҿסңūһᣬҪļޡܡܲǺѵġ
ڽصֹᣬмɫҪļޣȻѣ
ҶٻͺɫЩյӣһǹ٣䣬Ҳҷֻ촽⶯˼£û
ҶСᣬԽӦҪһʻͻһ͵ʶԼһصĴ
ЦЦҶСһۣǰҶСӣǽЩݵĻ֮ڣҶŮӣûʲôÿڵģ㵽棬˵
ǣС˵֣橵ȥҶС컥࿴ʱҲعζüͷһ壬Сƺ飿
ҶСЦҶĳһ⸾ȲҪļޣҶĳУˡǹ٣ʹӵģŮϸ緢Ϊˡ
΢ЦĵλĴС㣬ܰӴļҵþһʡҲ´ˣ㲻һССʷ㲻ʲôòġ
ҶСӵ˺ãϸϸʣ˽ܵڣԵһ׵ͬԣҶСû˼ɣԼĿг
ϣλҶСûˣȴҪҪļޣȷǳһ׮ҳ޵ɷ򣬴СǸ¨ӣλӱ׸ĵλֵõССŮӼȥΪޡ
ҶСӼ޹ȥ⾰ɷˣòĹСӱ㲻ݣ⣬ҶСÿϢƴһ㣬ŴٷϼзϢһ
Ҳ˼棬̫޼ɵųŵ񻹱ףҵᣬʵڳŲȥˣ֮²ļޣ岻׼ֲΪ浽ٸʵݣֶȻܾ
֮£żȻ˵ҶСãǱĴ٣ҶСֳ˺þãȡһ뿪ҵĻᣬڻ̽ĸʱӺǽܹļҶĿس
ҶСӺ˵վ΢΢üˣЩµȷ֮ڣֻҪ˵ޱðЩĵ֦ҶܻףӴ޷̧ͷˡǷǼϣûκ֤ݣֻ¾ҪΪ˸ļ޷̰ˡ
ҶСӴС˵ǣСŮʵûô⣬ֲԸ޲£ԡ뵽Ҷ졣Ҷ춼ﲻСŮӣǡСŮΨһȫˡ
һƲмصҶ죿˵ҶС죿ʲôˣ棬ǿǸ١棬۲۾һ
ҶС۾ֱС֪ҶүǸù٣
ǲǺù٣æǲܵġ뱾̫үһ򲻺ϣֹ̫үţû취㣬ԽȨﲻ㣬ԼҲǸ鷳
ҶСеĹʽȥĵصҶүѾūϣҶҲﲻūңūֻС
΢΢һЦȻﲻ㣬ȴѽ
ҶСӳԾص㣿
ƤĿȻ硭ƸʦӮⳡ˾Σ


14 ̽Ѱ
Ůʦ
ҶС˵뷨ҶСһ޶ͬһľŹ֡
õصİɾ˾˳˵һ£˻ǻӵġһҹ㣬αͷ¶档
µЦЦ˾ˣ˼е˼ҶЩɷҶ߯ҲΪһ棬żΪ֮£Ҳûʲôϵ
ʦ֮ŪǷǣߵڰףʱΣ֮һλҹ㡭
ЦЦص˼ʦΪҵҲһ˼ҷĲȡֻΪҶ棬һٹ£Ӵٲ漰ϣܻ˵һμѻء
˵ţһ˫Ŀ΢΢һַ飬ǵߵЧȴкһ£ҲҶԡ֮ԷԣΪĴ㣬ȻҲ뷨ٶһǡ
˳˵ŮȻΪлѾϢ˵ͶȴһܽףԴ²⣬ȴҲ޷ȷʲô
ǽġŮʦȥô˾ͼƷ̫үѾĲöǴ˭
ݾȻ˸Ůʦ¶ҲȻ䶯ݣֻҪȥ飬һܲסʱ˭֪Ͷң
֪͢ݵĸλ˾Ҳ֪ʱͳ׵شҵӡӴֻվһߡ
첮ΪҵצκıֺܲãȻԾʹ첮õӣһȾָصĴҲڷһ룬лڣȴ޷ֱӲֹٸĸҲι̡
Ǳҵùվһߣ͢͸˾Ҿҵצûκ·ȫԸ֧ңôټһʤ޵첮ģǲǾվסأ
ҶСʱݣֻΪΪҶͬΪŮˣͬķġ֪ʵݣҲüͷһ壬ʡ
ʲôϵأССأƼ׷֣θɣֻúõĹ٣ȢĺӣŮҫ棬ǣκһһǳ͢ĳλ˾ֻҪ鷳ͺá
һǰҶٻػͷһһЦȥɣģԭ棬ֱ׳βЩ
Ҷٻһ룬б͵ʷλԱʱһ׳ٲǰҪģ
ðСˣȻã
һƲ˴ǽһŭҶٻҶٻո鳣һˣŵһʧֵڵأӵػ
ʱһʮͷ˽˺ֻЦݡŭȵܻŷС˸Ҵȥ
ǰ־ҪȥץҶٻ
ž
һȳϣŭ̧ͷͼǰվһλ۹ӣһͷīȾƵͷһ˿ңһӽۣͿ죬һ˫ˮտտۣ°ȴ͸ż
Ȼж磬ģһǸŮӣǱòһּһ俴ôϣȴһָӺ֮ԼҵƱ֣һȭ򣬶ŭǺˣҴԼɩɩؼңȻ
һװһգһžһУصҶѾƸ˱˵ʦСӣҲȹ˵
ŭʦһƶ۾뵱ʦޣʦҼҵϱҲֲ㡭
ҶСӲӬƵİ˰֣벻ݵĶ£Ŵү󡣡
ǰЩ۶ʶ͵ʷۼ˺Ҷͬ·ҶǰʱʶûһʱһҶСԸǼϳǶԸס
λԱЩˣΪҶСűװ֪ݣæ͵λ٣ץˡǳǶﱤķһϿˮʽһͬǰİ
һ۵ͺȵ죡λǱҶʷһһϽͣӱŻһ⻰Ҳˡ
ŤͷҶС΢΢һЦֵлˣ
ҶС΢Цл̫أҿɲҵ
Ȼ֪ڰձԼɽȴԼ£Լķ֮һȴǲɫתҶӵģ
ҶһԼĹСˣֻŵҶСһЩ۾סŴЩĻʰ鳣ߵǼԩǰ
ļһģһľƣľƺֱ֣дšܸȣԽʮҶӲʶ֣ȴҲûӵ¶ҧأ鳱㡰̡

ǧٹֵľƵĲ䣬޵Ҳ֪ѾĶ˶꣬ظܵţϳĢҰݡ
ΪʪһЩľ޴һƵĴӰдеѾ棬еһ𣬾ڿС
־ȴҲΣգֵطΣպЩ͵ҰޣΪЩҰҲΪη;綾ĳӡ࣬泱ʪҶһŵֳõıɫ䣬ױЩڸ֦Ҷ֮߳ء
Ȼľ죬յĿɲɭУ˿ȴмԳ㣬ڲƵ˵Ŀ䣬ݵһЩȻγɵķ϶ɵǰ
ǵķοɽˣҲֻǣŻﵱԼļ԰޼ɡ
һþ޴ĹٵҪʮһֲܻƤֲᡢ񴦴׾ȥùɺʢչǵڣï֦ܵҶڱ졣
ôԷѻɵɿԮţܿ˸߸ߵϡ
һõӸµɨţͻȻָһط˵һʲôԱǸŤͷָķȥŤͷǻƷɡ
ķһƬдеɫɽ֮У־ܳƷɶϸһǽݳһ˿Ц⡣
ŷڵҡΣһЩı߽ǣȻֻһƬܻԺǽһǣȷһϴľ۾ӵأɽгֵһڣȻһ·ѭѰҵġһϳ
ҵˣƷϲǶٰʮˣֳʮСӣããֺѰһĺۼڱǷһϳ
ƷǿּԸɢȥϳΧΣһʱ󣬻ϡ
ʱһ紵ҡȥԶһƵϳȥƷͺȵСЩǧҪݾߣ
ʱһ̫ԶƷɲδע⵽һǰһ˫Ǳס˲еģ㿴ˣҲϵôˣһúˣǼ϶ô


15 ɵ顪ϴ
ˣ
϶ϴһ仰漴۾ϵĺڲͱ⿪ˣ϶΢΢۾ӦŹߡܿͿ壬ԼһôľõĿ¡
۾ʱΧкܶصĺʱһҹȻĴֲľΣ⺷ĺӣһòڵ
϶ûЩ׶ֻ࣬Ŀ׿ȥһŸӿĴľһ󺺣һȲϣһ߿ŽѾӣһ߻ض
϶̩Ȼ˹֣¾󵱼ҵģ
ƿ٣òҲˣЩɻص㡭һѷˣ
϶΢΢һЦô󵱼ҵľﲻ𣿡
ƹһЦǸտٹѾӵĴץһֻ룬˵عھƣһ·£վص·ٶһҲˣȻм٣
ƴǰЦĳǾһѷݣĳģȥ޲Ϊһѷ䣬ܹʶһѷĸˣҰ
˵ţһֱֻƮƮذ϶ͷ϶һЦ˵һݺݣһѷҲǾˡһ׮Ǵ뵽һ
һƿɣʵ̲ذҪ˵ѰգһҲܲסһƣһ£϶ȻµվǶδжҲδӲ赭дر㻯̩ɽѹһƣƲ΢΢һ϶޻ɡ
˵һѷ䡯ֻһ̽СɫһԶʮݺ޼ɣֻҪ֣Ӳ޹Բٰ
뵽Ƶ̬ȱ϶˱ȭһѷ˿ĳԸĳ˺ĳܳ룡Ǻú̸һ̸ֻҪ̸£ĳֵȻԸһѷںúһƱ˴ҲýԵ
ƵϳΧЩɢȥ̽εʿ½ǿòһϣֱԼ̽쵽Ʒ˻㱨
Щ˴಻Ʒһͨˣ룬̽Ϣۺ֮󣬻Ʒɷ⡮һȻǸˡ
һϳɽҪҵ룬ҲǻƷܳˣټЩϰɽ磬ǷֳʮݲҵЩ΢ټּϺܴɷ֣ҵϳ
ǹٸ棬ҪҵĿܼûУˣһѡϳʱǿǵһΣӳеѨһɽկկӵĺ벿־һƬء
Ƭɽжڻ޷ȷկӺ̽ʿ˽ƬҲ˵һһ·ϧïܵˮֲ«έʹ޷ߵ·
ĻĴڣͼһɳɽկΧҲó̽·ӳȥ
ðš
Ʒü˼һ󣬷ԸߣȥαҴ磬ᣡ
ɽկУ϶һ˵ĻŭţϲԵ棿
϶㲻٣䱦͸׸Žת˺㡣±ǼùģǼˣҲţֻܳưͿҡ
϶΢΢һЦʲƱĿǳӴһ֡˾ͿԽϴ֣ؼȥˣǶ֮ŭϳ͢ĶȥѰأ
仰һڣЩɽȫ¶̰ĹâƵĺҲôã֣ǾظǴ󵱼ҵģǸˣ
İ˳صʲôʱж
϶վ΢Цʱʱ仹ϴԼ²Ҫ˽ֻկкһٹ׼ȷϢĳͨ·ٶϵģǣ
ƹ֣ǸȻãĳŲֻ֣ǡ
϶һЦ޷ϴСĵˣһѷҲѡǺɣ
ƹһЦ˻֣ǰúڲ϶۾һѺס۾϶뿪ɽկܿ죬϶;뿪·뷽Ųһ
һ۾õˣҲټסһκܸӵ·޾ԣκ鶼⡣϶ʱһزڳʱһäˣһʶäˡ
źٴ϶һ֯ˣֿԼйѵʱ·˿μֻҪ۾Ϳһ顣
һΣһ
ڲ۾϶ǣ

һʼûϳҶӣһŮʦڹʱǳ˵λŮֻΪͬҶӣʱְʦʱգŮ棬ʲô˼
ҶѯһɣźȻŮˣϾ;УŮ˰ѹ˾򵽹ٸҪļ޵ģֻôһ
ٻǵ£ǵдʡ㣬ҿͬļˣ
Ҷٻص⡭ŮԼ˼ҡ޸ɣ
һôǷҿͬļˡ
ϸеүͬϱļޣ
һصȻˣٲ׼ã

ǰһ繰ֵˣҶٸֹļˣʵǱ顣Ϊصĸĸ٣ϰ˲ʣһô
һ䣬ûйûйһԹ´𻰣ĿԱһɨҶʷվţû˵ˡ
˵ڱȵǿ࣬ѾһȨɻûͻͷصʦ״ֽ
ҶϹãȴΪ裬ؼ̽ĸ׵ĻŵѣϱΪϣ˴үֹˣִ֮вд״ֽ
硰žһľľȵʦãȴ״ֽٲã
ڽص˺αؼã״ֽѣ̼£үӣãƬ̹򶼵Ȳɣ
һ˵ţȻƲǰ
ڻһŵͰļһֽźķıǸü¼ġ
߹ȥһִӱʼȡ֦ëʣ̨պպīߣһӶͣëһ飬ī״ֽĹȥ
Ķ̫Ѹ٣߸¼ǸûдЩʲôߵǰһ̧֣ˣҶӵ״ֽˣ
𻰡ʡд״ֽ״ֽһǳɣжˮһ㣬Ŀ˷ɣҪ˵翴۾һЩۺվ¹ҶСҲΪķۡ
ߵǰ̧һݣֱ۸ոոչָ˳һɣ״ֽƱ΢зƵڿȦǡǡڻǰ


16 򵥴ֱ
ͷһ״ֽȰһ鷨ٿ״дݣɵһ
״дΪؽʧڸĽȫ£ʮţӣ׳δȢļޡ
λܺ⣬ǰһ仰΢Щֿڣϸһ㾦֮ȴǡڴ˴ؽڣʧڡΨиĽڣȫڡΪΣΪ˸٣׳ӣСѾȴδȢޡϢ൱شѽ
յʱɷϱͨСɩͨͬҪְӣҪϴġ˼ҶСѾѹ˾򵽹ã粻׼һĳһĻţشӼְٰҲ⡣
Ҳץס˻һСµ̬һ״ֻ䣬ȴϬ絶һ״ӣǡ׼ļޡĸֵдʾҲ˵ˡ
Ů֮Ϊ£ŮԼ֮ӣдΪ⣬ҲӮⳡ˾һ״ֽǳβ
ҶСЩ棬֪һӶͣʣдʲô֪ɫѿ
綢״ӿãɫ粻״΢΢һЦ֪Ȼл֪صҪǾαϣⳡ˾Ӯˡ
Ȼ״ֽһۣ
Ͻ̧ͷСڡ
Ƕϱഺ٣øʹ˹һȷҲסط˼硭ļ˰ɡ
ʲô
һˣȻǲ֪ܣѶϱɫȴҲΪϱؽڣڷҴкôɣŮʮǰؽڣʮԺȻûиļ޵ģ̡ҲۣĪҫʵʵڵʵݡ
Ͼʹ˷ϴˣС񲻷ڣǸ˸ɷұؽΪУסƣŮ࣬һաǡƣһ֮룬ġ첻ӣ򲻿룬ؽڣ쾭塣ҽԲͬҶϸļޣٱҪô
ɫһİ󵨡ֱⱾء
Ѿʧǣæ¹ãС񲻸ңү˷Ըʵ̣С򲻸ӡ
Żˣ
һ֪ԼͣæСʮꡣ
ֵӿɻã
ǰ괺ϲˡ
ң

ãǶӽˣ䣿
ϽʾǰϥмȮӷԣ귽ʮˣСĴӣδסӷţҲǰ괺ϲˡ
ǰ괺죬һһˮ֮ʢУǳ߱Ƕ屾˵ȴһ٣ȫİٶˣ˻ƽߡ
ͷǰ׳ӣǶҵѳ꣬ȴδȢޣһعѵĸˣͲ¹˷𣿱д˼žоҶϸļޡ
һԳһԭˣѹ֪شүͻȻ˿ڷ硣ⲻ֪߳ܵСˣȻǰһж˵Ůʦ֪ˡұ̫һᣬ˵һУһˣɡôȥʵġ
ͷ˼ΪԼ仰ȻһȣС

͵̧ͷԹضҶСһֻۣĿ֪أ֪شǣȻڴСҲǣһ׵İ취
һк棬æʵʲô취
С׼飬ùϱȥסôһӦöȣСɹӦ˱ɱ飬Сҡӳףϱ֮ҷȻӻطˣȿɾ˽壬ֿɱ˷飬һã
籾ƣ·ĸɳʲô£ʱԼҲѲ˸ϵһô˵ʱİ޵ã⣡ѵһƬģȻˣҶϣ㻹кλ˵
ҶСӻȻŮŮ
һŷ˵ô
ĵĴһɣͷһɧĵһСӣװˣҲ֪Ů˿򲻵ģҶ룬æӦĳ˵Ȼ׼ģ
յӣЦһ˰ȥҶϸĸãã
ѾľһģȥԸӺͷϡֱ°෿ݺԭ汻˫һֱ෿
ҶСҲڵİ෿һ෿Ҿ˵㲻Ҫ˼żҶͬŮļޣİ취ͨı죬Σ
ϳְҶϣܴԭ뼮˰Ѻصͷ֮һҵӪҲڲáʱ򱻷޳̰ŭȴ벻ʳɹֻҿˡ
ĹĵתҶСӣʵô˵
ҶСӵصūҡūûôʶģʵڲ֪֪ǺáϷһңӴ˲ɧţǡҲǿԵġ
ҶСӴͷĵصūҲǲ֪ܵŮӣһζѰ˼ļ޸ˣܱ⡭⡭ͺã
һߣĻ֮ƣЩʱգҪԼҶϱȥֻҪ㸸ĸԣ˭κεǣ£ܾʹ˰ݡ
һź˹ص㲻Σκεô
һֱĬҶСһۣ㲻һǶıôа취
ҶСЦص֪һǶı
һ°Ͳ
ҶС˼Ҿ˾˾ǰôΣһټӵҿ׵ĺܡ
˫һϲа취˵
ҶСأһӲʩŷҡǹ٣ʲôһˣҲŵƨб¡ʣҾ͸˳棡
һǸʲôģʦ𣿡
ҶСҡͷҲɽвկЩգһǴ׶ġҽǴʮ׳ҵأǼҶʺ˲죬һźҶСӸļޣ
סˣβŵҶС죬ʵǹ٣
ҶСҲѧŵӣ°ٰͣ
̾˿૵صҿ⣬ٳҲûеڶˡ
ҶСνصֻҪܴﵽĿģʲôֶκҪô
ֻҪܴﵽĿģʲôֶβҪ⣬ҶСΪ˵׼һۣԼ˽⵽ĹҶСһУ˸һ֪
ҶС̫򵥴ֱôѵ㻹иõİ취
΢΢һȻԿɣҵķӲãʱҪͷҶƦֶˡ
۲ģҶС쿴Уλȴֶһ֪λΪ˴ϣҵͬ·ˣ


17 С
ҶСӵļ˺ܿͱˣҶҶĸһܵܡһһǼʵͨũˣ˹˼ù򣬹Ƕսսͷ̧
Ӷó˰ʱѾŷ¹󣬳֡
ڻ̬ɶˣ̣ļǲᳫģҶСӵżҺҶҶСӸļޣзĽ취Ϳ˳оܸһķ֮ǰô˵ȻѾҶ׵˰ǰ϶ûиıĿܡ
΢Цǳƽ͵ذԭ˫ϴã˵棬ѷҶ˵һ飬ѯʵԴ˰ţͬ⣿
Ҷ͵͵˷һۣ׺ݵĿһɣŵջĿ⣬׵ƾүţ
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Ҷȫ⣬ô˵ֻشӻȡǷ飬һȥɿչǴطһ˾̥ľһ㣬Ҳá
ҶСһɫ־дĶȻҲǡòޡ֣ҶСؿһۣվʱĿһǡ˫֣ʹһ麹ĴָĴָϣЩī
ҶСԺеʯ𷽲Ź֮˷պīǩ֣֮ʰ־ݣ˹صḶ́ʱȻ򣺡ѾͷһֻƻС꣡


18 ͬһ
ֽţһֽţ
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ҶСǰȥһѴж־ݣģ΢Цֽ֣ϻ˵״Ա⣬ȷҪⳡһ治Ӯ״𣿡
ҶСЦúºͣ˵Ҳºͣ΢ЦģڷУȴûɵһļ£ګګӦҡҡ
ҶСᵧ˵־ݣƵص̫үױǩ֣˴ӡҶ˫ҳĻѺ벻κɣ֤־Чġ
ҶСͻȻɫһ
һŵһ򣬷ԸϽǰסãã㡭ǲƴҲǼƽϣҲǼƽϣ
һ˵һˣȻﻹԼǷ־ݣһ˺飬ŶӻȥҶһɵۣվǶ֪롣ҶС쿴ǣеʱӹһ˿βס
ϲǿ˵Ϊʣôϲ̰޳ܵģ˾͵ںˡˣԵ̰ǲֹģҶСҶһϣƺѦˮ踸ĸ˫׵Ӱӡ
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ҶСһۣȻһЦǳǳüۣת

ţҶСֿˣĵʷ࣬ةǩѺԣǩѺԺԡ
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19 һӻ۽
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ٺ٣ɾ˵أҶʷǸûȢϱģСôֶһź򣬻ȥ
Ҳ˵ûȢϱ˹¥ţɲŮôعأʲô
Ҫ˵أСϱЩرı£ҪȻܰ깦Ͱ˸ˣǹߵҶʷôĹٶΪ檣ѽ
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òߵСˣλ︶Ǯһϸ˵Ц߿ˣҶСŴǰȥڨڨصͼݣҳӡ
Сͷ⣬ҶС̨ʱҲΧ۹ģʱһƣҶСЩƣɵӴǲҶ
ҶСص˭˵Ҷա˵ӣȲ黧ôţϻӣ
Сһ˲ˣϽʱ˸ߺ磡磡Ҷ磡
ҶСŤͷһȴëԶ֣ҶСϽŤͷȥװûëǺøˣ磡Ҷ磡ҶʷҶС찡


20 Ҷһ
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ëֿЦǣƷʲôţֻҪӣû첻ɵ¶

ҶСЦһëǵļ򣬵ɽҶСתߣ߳תëһȥңңġ˵꣬ҶСɽϸȥ
ҶСǷ·һɽׯľ޴լԺһƬɽˮѾ˳ΣһȺսʿڵһľһѡõʯԶƹ
ҶСһڳ£Ʒһ߽˵һ߻ŵΡƷɽ˵ϣҶСüͷ
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ҶСüͷƬ󣬲巶Χô
ƷɵѣҪƬķΧҲ칦⻹ֻ巶Χ޷ȷ·ͨģԣҪðΧİ취ֻаƬطȫΧĻûмǰ첻ģǳˣֻǻŰʮأͱǲˡ
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ҶС룬ԣȻ޷ȡɣǾɱȥ
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ȷԱǲǻţҲͭʸǱλ̫үϣּҽ𣬷򡭡ּҽ𣬾ԱⱻŻٸҲҪ޹⡣
ҶСһһصҲںٸӣںԺҪˡһΣǧҵϳǧѷܴ꣬
ҶСѵǸͼһɨȥ٣׼һ£ȥһ֪أ

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ѷصһ٣ûص
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һʲôһ첻ø˵ƫƫҪȵ̸ֵ
ŸʢƵǰǴʱҪ๫Ǽһɡ
룬һڣ߷Ȼվ𣬵õң
ѾŷſڵһĻˣϷŪĹȻǷ֤Ҳ޹⡣߳ŭĻǷ־ݵЧɷϢˣԺһ£û֣ϼһһ򲻴ͷʵ̲СҪӣûʲôʤ㣬ɴװˡ
ҶСǰŮ˵ڻ翴ҶСȻҲһţԶΪˬۣ治õظϵãһҶСصҶˣʲô²ڵֵʱ˵ҪԼ̸
ҶСһĵֻڹĶ˳ˣôھǺˣ
ҶСˣ»治֮ڡ
粻мص̹²ɶԣҵΪ٣ͥ£û˽ĵ
ҶСͷһҾϿҵص˽ѵǣ¹ܽˡô͵տã¹ٵʾ˳һ°ɣˣ
ҶС˵תߣ㶣ϽҶʷҶʷ
ҶСһһعͷһʵ˻£
Ц׷æͿˣȻôҪĴ¡£Ȼǲ֮ڵ
ҶСɵǡ̹ҵΪ٣ͥ£˽ѽ
һ죬ʧ䳼ʧ²ɺ˷ñǾ£ܣѽ
ҶСϣվǴҪҶСҲǲ֪صˣҲƣº̽Ի˵һ顣
ҶСɲģ粢ҶСôˣҶõĶǴսľӢֻ͵ĳߣа˵а취ô͢һް취ô̵ʱѾ鵽Ƶ䡣뵽ҶСĴ㣬üͷ΢΢
ҶСô˶¹ٵвͬ
ҡҡͷͭǱѾϢɽƳ˽ʱ䣬ԭּ˶ΪԱ׶༪١ңţ֪˹ȻȳһˣȴҲԼɨأͬЭǲеġ
ҶСȻˣô
ֻ룬ƾǺѲ˾ЩܲܶԸЩˣǷһжףǾ͵ɷʴһˡ
ҶСγѲ˾սҪ˵ѲЩѵصı߾װľӪ˴Էͣһ̣ûоԵҲռš
ҶС첢δָпЩѲٱЩ磬ֱùٱ棬ǲ룬ǺϺΪң޹ٱ룬ȴɹץЩӺδյһض󻼡
ҶСȲ˵ԼĴ㣬Ƿʵôкδ㣿
֪سΪӦϱ֪ͭͭʵӲ㣬Ӧϱ̰˾Ͳʹ˾ݶָʹ˾һ·ٱ
ҶСĻҲ̸Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ʱһ᲻תƣǻǶôĶ
֪صﺷ˿ɲ֮ͨҺѽ֮Էһû׽۽ʱͷ
ҶС֪粻ҳеΣЦˣ±ȥ涨ᣬضսʱǺصġ¹˵һеһʷɴƽ˴˰粨
ʱةдʣΨ֪ش˱޿ɱܡ¹и⣬ֻҪ˴ӦɹĿܼ󡣴ˣ·ûУɹһ׮Ĺͣⳡľ֣㲻Ҷģ


21 ľԱ
ҶС˵ĵδͲס͢ݵ˾£ٱӰ죬֮ǰ⼸ҶСسŵһеͷЩǻͬôһʷɴñƽϢ£
ͷ˽սã̧ͷ˻Ƶʲô⣿
ҶСƬ̹ӶЩˣԼǾһҵɰԺЦ
ҶС΢ĩҵ˹ټϻйƽܲλԹٳϵһоûлֻûʧ飬ȻԻôһҪ֮ЩΪȻ
ҶСҪԸһﺷһ࣬ǾԶɽˡȴֺѶԸǣǵ˱൱ʤһԣҸǷӵЩ֣ƽսǿһȺں֮ڣһɽȴͻ
һȵصЩ磿šҲ˵ɽУǵܼǡǿΪ͢ô
ҶСֵ̯ˣҲˣ¹ٸǴӶѣĹǮҲǺܶ࣬һӾôˣǶ˵ģֻҪϳǮʲôǲϣ
һǮȱľǮšһЩȥɽңǵӶɨɾˣ⻹ʿļһЩﻹǮɽ˷ˣ
ҶСЦȴѡˣһЩݺݣר·ϵ֣Ȼ˺ܶƻֻҪǴӦǣһһɽկƻȡãսȻȿֺˣҲϸ
üǽ˷նȻսƷҪϽɳ͢ģôԡ
ҶС쿴û˵翴ҶС۹⣬ס˿ڣĬΣʹô
ҶСʲôʹã¹ٿȥѲ飬ҪȥһֻǸһͲˡǳֻӣһɹ͢ķͣǻ᲻Ӧ
Щ磬ֻҪгŵȡɽϲƻÿᶼᡣЩɽ࣬ɻӻҲ٣ƣ˭ܹȷɽկ湥һ˭ʶȤӲҪ׷ʽɻ٣ˣɴߣСѽ
š
֪ر˫֣ȥ˰Σ͵վסȭһҧгݵصãô죡
ֱͦ˶վҶСǰȻ޿ˣǾ͹עһдһѲһ£Ƿǳɰܣڴһ٣
ѵûˬ죬ԭڹҲбҵһ죬ҶС쵹ǶøУȭӦ¹
ҶСҴҸǶȥ֪վ¿ҶСԶȥȻѪŵĸо
ͷβͷһӭѶϣһн˵ش֮ǰȻҲɻأٰһö⣬ȴȫѪӿ죬˵˷ܣ
լѾùͣ޺ϣ²ؼӤ··Ѿ˲֪ףװӣȴִ˲ƣ
๫ˣ
Ų̧ͷһһ棬ήҴͬȴģвһ๫Ⱥȿڲ裬ͽ˷
˵űѼԱ̴ľСһţҪվΪ˼÷㣬ѵƵ˿ϣƹߣӳӣ죬ϸ壬۰ӳ죬һ
һװ͸Ĳɴۣ͹ϸһգģ΢ɵ˯¶һݵ鹵ţֳζ˵ˣ粻ɵøһȡ
ȥеһ
๫㡭
һ΢ּ٣Ŀ͸ȣķޣλ˿룬ɺ컹ûȫڣ㡭ȥʳ
żȴסƵϡ
Ҳ֪ԼôˣǶȻһش̼ðգϳеˣȻһϵľϵľ޴̼ʹҲԵ۷硣
ѾСǰŸҪ˵˺޺§һţǿƵһߣɵһ죬Ͻ˳Ż

һӰʮѲ˾ٱվïܵĲɭУΧǾ޴ĸƵľּżŹֵУǾֵض
СҶվǰ˿ԼĶ飬ʿǾ;棬һƣˣǺˮĺۼǾǺƣˣǼûһ£Ҳûһ뿪ӣ־ɭϵӣѲο
Ҳʿ֮˹أΪƽʱѵءΪһ֧פװеľʵǳ٣ճľѵЩϮľٸģµʿÿ˶ǰũˣ̫ϸľѵǿһӶòϣǲʱ˵ΪܿͻʧȥģСҶҲƶΪ
һǾս½;͵ɢͬǵȣ֧ԭεݸԭľ޷ģɽǱֵıǵȻҪ
ԭܼ򵥣ĪΣգûеõ򵼵ʾ⣬κξٶʯͷϣеЪϢһ£Ҫ˵ܵСϪϴˡ
һ·оУ˲򵼵ķԸǣһʿΪһֲƯ˳һѣ㱻Īֲëϡ
һֱۼ׵˵ϺӣͨͨģʹѰ򵼲һ˵ֵҰݣɲֱۺϣʹΪˣ̻¶İȫɫĲסֻ¶۾ǿ׺ͣһҰݳ˾
һʿ;ߵȽһʯͷһͱһжĺƨɣſڵϣƨ׵ñȰʮԲ
һһùһøƵĴ׺ϺɫĹʵһ߽˱ᵽƵ㣬̲סεһ֦һȥ֦ϴİɫ֭Һͽһֻ۾
˵Ǻܺļľ䶾ѪǾμʱҲֻǱסһֻҺֱӽ۾ʧӴ˱ɶ
˳˵ľԱֻһľսɹ̬ǲľԱЩŤ˿ˡƣʲôˣֻƾһͬЩɽԣ
Һáֻڹռɽկҡڵ߽ȥһռ̬Уͬǻɽսˡ
ѲοԶȥϧ޾ľʲôҶСЩ磬һͷԳһֻھԼʮų̵ĵطǡһϳ


22 
һɽկǰ棬ǿþ޴Ĺ棬ҶСһϵĺˮŵ˷طܣΪܲ͸磬һ˶׳
ҼסҪץס׾ȳԱ⣬ͱҪѸ١һһʼжҾչ죬Ѹɽկͻɱۡ
ҶС˦˰ѺֵҷģٱھʮԶĵطҪȥϵŻʱ䣬ɽկʲôƻ㹻Ұ˵ˣٱǲͬġ
ʵҶС仰ЩˣЩսʿǶԹ쳣ҳϵɽˣǱѡʱ̫þѾǣߴҪٸһ¡
˵ٸǸƨǾΪЧһǮĲƻûУҲЧֻҶС˵ǲþȴҪΪ͢кǹⲻȥԶսƷķ͸ġ
ҶС˵ʱ򣬴ӾԳȵĸ޶վЩսʿʶҶС죬Ƕ˵ߵպһֻҲҶСߣ϶ߵĽˣĻȻӲ⡣
ҶСԸתǰһ·һڵĴǰһ֣ȵɱ
ѴսʿǺХһ׷ǰȥ˱·Աһ㣬Գһ㣬סһӿƵȥֻƬ̹ԭֻľҡҷսʿѾӰһ𲻼ӰģдӺ͸޶
ҶСһӣӾ˸߲ҵϴֻһػɫӰڿ˼㳹ʧټ޶ͷһ񣬺ֱײǰȥһ˵˺üðŽವزӰ
ҶСסˣеιǸ𱣻ҵѽһ̶ӰﻹٻҶСܻض˶ţ׷
ҶСһʼδɽЩѡսʿʱɽˣļһҲ֪ᵽζ˳ؾܵǰ
ҶСȻһͻսУԳ˵ãԱ޶ںʹһѾõýϡϲ뽹ˣҪһ
ҶСû̫࣬Ͱˡв˵ҶС첢ģ޶һֱҶС쵱ţȵģҶСɲʲôսҲĸһɲǵ͡
С޶ңңĸαһЩɽˣңңСѾͷÿҶСǳżæγ׷ǳȥķȥ
ƷżսʿҶС󣬱Ǹ𱣻İΣģһҶСεͳ壬ֻÿ첽ϡӰһ㣬һɽկ

н¥¥ľɣֱӽߴĹʮ˻Ĺϱһһ䷿ô󣬼ִм辿Ŀ԰ϯ
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˿̣tһɽϣŶȣžƺ«ϼ䣬һڣԵֵشʱ䡣Ȼһ죬
ɽկﴫߵ辱Ե̽ͷկ￴һۣȴûʲôŤͷһôϵɽҲկвtɽеҲˣôˣ
ɽϴټֵҪ°ɣ˵ڽֹҳ룬˵ҪһƱôϵɽôһ
ȴΪڴʱһ֦ĺ󾱣ֻһһͷȥǡתͷһĻ־Цȶ˰㣬Ȼˤȥ㡭
˵ͷͻȻҶȻ̧ͷͼһ޴ĺӰȵǰǰͻأسһºصĳػɫëǽ
Ƕ»ëǽƣͼһŻԴͭ壬¡Ǻ񴽣һЦ¶һɭȻݣǾһֻͨԳĽվԳ
ֽһδγӱȰĴ֣һϣĲӡǰɡһԴŤһߣڿգδأѶ
ʱҲսʿѾɽ̱ˡ޶һͷײһδ󺺣ֻצ۵ɽ˵ش޶𣬷ʶնյƨһȥƨƨߵؼǰȥ
ܣ޶ҶСŵظϵˣϧֻһ޶Ѿ˳ܿ
ʱǰͻȻɽһҶС죬϶ݺݵҶС찵пࣺôģѾȥôˣô©֮㣡
ʱͷܸΣգҶСֻӲͷƤǳȥŸֵԼ׳
쪡쪡ҶСֻһըë֦ļȥһ֦˶Ǹɽʺһ֦һɽüġ
ҶСٵ嵽ǰȴһ˸գɽѾǿĳ浹ȥҶСͷһۣͼƷɷһץִӼץ֦ڼϡͬʱڴвͣԾţҶСɿؿҶС鲻Խ̴Ĵָ
ɽǵסȻֱᣬʶӪһֱӵλãЩɢҵӽľ֮䡣
ɽկϾͱɽկɽˣץзսʿμҶСķԸһȥߣҪһֲ
ֻһ·ǰһѾϱ̣ЩɱɽͽĻˡ
ɽߺŭ˷ɽһֱûͷĿִ֣ɽǸΪսЩǸóսսʿɱöжףƬ̹¶˰ࡣ
ҶСɱһۼ޷׷޶ֻ÷ŲɱȲЩ磬սԶԶлƷں̣ͱɽˡ
ҶСԵأشŴԻƷɵ޻֮ɱˣǽеͶܣҪǡǵƺ͡Ա䡣
Ʒɵ磬ʱôңѽ
ҶСЦˣǣϽȥһԱ⣡
ƷŹǰ棬ʿҶС커м䣬첽ɽկȥѾսʿ䴩ɽկɱһΧԴľľéΧ
һҶСϵǱһ·һúҺӴյҶС߶˼䣬ҶСüͷһ壬ֿǰȥ
ǵ޴Ż߽ȥͿһĻһãԭľΣͷľףҲһŴΣŻƤÿ϶һˣ뻹վһˡ
վŵˣͰֱ̼ͣܿɫŵЩ˴ηɫȻһͷĿŵЩˣ˿ȫˣΨվŵǸˣսսɫ


23 һѷ
ҶСᵶ룬ǸվڴɫҰܣҡҡʵ㡭˭
ҶС컹ûʱǸ˾Ѱе״ˣѾ׼еʱҶС컹ǵһ
ŵ˶ˣеĿԴĶͷʺظԵƣеĴȴκƣǴǵ˺͵ҷѪЩ˴󲿷ֲϣǱɱƻϡ
ҶСĿңÿһŵʬ嶼ؿһ飬ֻǵ״ǧٹ֡ҶСĿǰƤϵǸ󺺣ǰһ֦ì˶ϡ
ŭĿԲ˫ַΣǼƣƺԾ˻ԾԾ״̬ҶСˡƣһͷϴ󣿡
վڴ˲ԣǡ˭
ҶС΢Цſص¾Աɣ
ɪһ£ɵشǣ
ҶСЦøˣһ֣ȻԱⲻؾţ²ǺڳԺڵǳ͢١˺صʷҶС졣֪ͭͱػ֪ɽ˷ġ
Աһ˫ϥһһ̱ڵأ޵ţǿˡ

ҶСԱһһڱصԱ⣬կľܻܿɽδɨ壬ɲ뿪˵أԲ߰ȫ
ԱмصлҶˣҶ˵ľ֮ĳûݲ
ҶСЦԱ⣬̫ˡ˵Ҷĳ֪ôĻˡ
ԱĳŮǸ֪檣ϸ˵Աǵ֪ݵģŮ֪谮ĵλҲͬˡ
ҶСôһ˵ԱⱶУᡰһԭִ֪ͭǹȻһˡ
ҶСԱ⣬ʮսʿĻߣͬʱƷ͵͵˸ɫƷɻ⣬һ뿪ƷָЩսʿ
һɽկﻹѳƻɽ̾õأ˵ǹǵͷѪӣнûģÿÿ˲ƻضӻ޶ȣܻЩࡣ
һЩ곤ɽ뵽ղ󵶵һ죬ʱҪϴ֣ͿʼǮƣЩǵЩײıȫ˳ջҲ
սʿǰõĲƻȫˣϲޣﴧŲƱͷ϶һʱޱӷף뿪ʱԭӯݵȫ˱׾ٻĴӡ
ƷɼģЩͷʹ⸱ģغǻˣϽȥҶСʾҶСһܸɴػش𣺡ǾͲҪǻغˣֱӷɽկȥɣ
ֵƷɻ㣬ҪҪôȳЩƻԸսˣ
ҶСأӸŶ̫ãȥҪǮ˵˵ģЩսսʿи
Ǹʿһʱ¶ɫĵôĿʲôʸΪ£
ҶСƼæĿڵŶߴ˽ҵģŲߣȻϵսʿѳǶٹΪߵսʿ˼ȻӦϣ
սʿȻ뵽ΰĹ֪ϿԿϵͽΪһУʱԸӡҶСͺ죬۷⣬ҸεϽס뿪
սʿߺҶСַص£ԱԱ⣬˵
ԱãʱұѺ˴ͼеǿͷĿȫڡһףһ˵ϾţһѷϾ͵Ǹǳɽһϼһţ˳ּҵȡˡ
ԱⱻѺ˺þãһټһٵǿǶһֱҲûȴͻȻ˴η˾
ԱһʼΪҪˡ˵ȥ𣬵ʱϲ⣬ʱƻΪϾŵȴϣֵص磬ǸһѷֻҪʴ˱һòҪּǵʲôɴˡ
ԱŵӣȴЦѽȰųˡͷĿһôЦ
ƵҲôҪһ⣬§ݴӣӴ˰ɡǧ˵Ҳˡ
˵һɽ߽˵϶ˣԱⲻ֪϶ǺˣҲһͷۿͼһλվſڴЦ˵֣ǿǵܾˣ
ԱԲ˲ӣ͵͵ڿȥͼһŸۡߵӣúڲ۾վڣͷףƺͲСˣֵ󺺡
ƵֽԼϵĺڽ¶òȻѾٵˡ
ӦһеĹߣƹЦ󵱼ңλңǾúˣ
仰˵꣬˫ͻȻһײһԣ򿿽ſڵһΣһ󺺣˶ì
˴ܳȥʱƺߣֵ󺺱һײؿڣ˶ɳȥһѪڿУĿ
ʱѾܵڵĴԣһֻ֣һ󺺵ͷϣһšꡱһǴ󺺵ԴһȦˡ
һì͵֣һԱ;һɾնۣͷٿʱƴһ˶֦ì䴩Ӳض˻Ƥϡ
ŭĿͻţˣǱһȻʱײɵеֵ󺺲صڵϣֻһ£ûϢ
Ա⿴ۻңۼ裬ֳì˳Ƶ˳ȥһ˵̫Ѩ̸Դŵô
ʱЩɽͷĿӦһŭҪȥ˭֪ȴ˷ͻȻ˽öˣһ֣йϿһ㣬Щɽɱ˸ϡﻩ
ҶСüͷһѷ䡭
һѷĴȻ˵ȴû뵽һѷ侹ȻϮһɽկԱƺһҪһѷΪһѷȴһ¶֣
ҶС˼β⣬Աأ
ԱڼսУײھһǵһڴӣǲ˴ѾɽɱϷŵվһҲҶֵǣȴûɱҡ
ɱһͷĿ֮Ȼܽһڽˣһվʼղֵİ׳󺺸˵˼仰Ǵ󺺾Цһ˵벻Ҳ˵أϷС
ԱѧǺڽ˵˵˵ȻֹҶСüͷһȻأ
ԱڨȻûȻ˰ǰɱӻϣһ¾ܹˣǸܽʱһһӾͲӰӣһѷƵġϷ׾ʲô£վǶһҲҶº߶ᱻһôվţֱˡ


24 ȡ
ѲӵҶСϢϲ˸һɽկѲӢָ£Ѳ˾ڹٱսңѸײڶ֮ѸռƵϳ
ⳡɽϳļսУѲ˾ٱΪѵءս¸ҡսõԾԵȡʤȫԱһˣ˶ʮˡ
˵ˣбҰݵģбҧģб˵ģбٴ̵ģбľ֭ҺäһĿģصǸǱһװɽͱ˵ġ
ǵͳͳһɽսܵˣڶˡ˭˵ɽͲö֣
ҶСһѺŷ²䱿ûߵһЩƻغ;Уܰͷһϻñˡ
йͿĻᣬҶСôԼֵܣܰͷѭ졢ԡȻ˶ֻӶûֻߴһӣԻء
Ϣú󣬻֪ϲ⣬ԹĵʽϲѶͭʸͬʱټȫعԱʿԴǰӭӡ
Ķܵ˺ظϵһӭƺʮӥͷ֪һ£ڳͷʾڣһЩ˲кͶɽѺΣȺͭʸ˽ˡ
ҶС洺Ļ֪ӦһظϵοʺͺعԱʻ۵ĹϲѲԸ뿪ֳַĻ֪ãѡһѷ䡱͡һڧϢĶ˵һ顣
һϲɫʱ˵ƺµʮӥЩ׶ڡһѷ䡱£ǹٸ˴νɽһĹ;ҪۿˣԱǴµĵˣƱ޷
òײŹһؾϣȻȡ֮ĹͣʵڲΪĪġһѷ䡱Ӱ˼ã±֪飬źиԲ⡣ɣһ籾رԻԱȥͭʣѴ֪ˣ
仰ҶС»ΪһӡݹζٲģҪͻҶСģáһѷ䡱ͽĹҲûʲôԺյˡ
ҶСõúܣ֪Ҳϣáһѷ䡯׮£¹ڴԤףɹ
뿪úҶС첻ԽԱѧǡһѷ䡱˵Ǿ仰벻ҲҵϷС
Ϊʲôǡٸǡǡǡָ˭ңôҶС۾΢΢

һĵڣнš
Ӷ״ĴбӳһֻСĺ̳ϣһֻӨ֣һֻľƣں̳еţ̳зۡòĳֳֵ̳࣬ɢȴʻķҷ
ֻᵷĶϵϵǴ延Ծţӳ棬һĿĹʡ巴ĹâӳǸŮϣ·ˮ١
ʦ̳ôһ̳ӵװС̫ãһߵ̳һǸӷĵһ̳ӵϸ˸С
ǿ߼ʯ屻һӣӵƽ룬Կضѷ̳ӣ̳ڼŸǣñȵԵͼ磬ʯϡ
ҡҡͷźصһ̳ҲˣҸѡطƿǲˡ
̫촽µصʦѽ˶˵ǹʦܣΪʲôĹƲ˾˵أ
ȻʧЦɵӣƺε࣬˻ߺˣʲôأ
̫һתδ˵Щ죺˵ӿԾ޶Ů޶ѽҴɩӶŮ޶첻ģҪйƾͺˡ
쿪
ǰһĸԼŮ۰Сͽǰȴ쳣ĺͰݵЦƶøϸǱоʲôŮĹưɣʦû̹ңҲӲĥⶫǺǡ
һ̳ӣҡҡͷ̳ĹҲûгɹ̫ʧصǡʦûʲô취صϲأ
йЦ⺢ӣʦ㿴ʦϳʲôҪϲصϲǳǰ˱ɷӡ
̫һȣƤʦ˼˵˵
㣿һۣЦеصôɰѾͷһͻϲұ֤صġ
̫ͣ˵صʦͻ˵ĺ˼ңǸϹģǲϲ˼ңô죿
һʲôϲһϹӣ
̫ðѵӷ£ʦϹ˵飬˼Ҷĺá
Сมһ̳ߵ̫ߣصӴҵıСͽʦĸկӵˣһǼ͵Ӯķİɣ
̫õǡʦȸңûа취
̾˿Ѿͷɽ׸ģơģĥĶ˭ܱ֤һ˵˼һϣԶıأ
Ҫϲ͸¹ư뿪㣬ͽҵıͽֲǳôƯŮӣټϹƶвҾͲϻĸ˸Ҹ㣡
̫ÿյصƲְ
ţ
˫軨ͻȻض̫ãѾͷϲǸˡ˭
ҡҡ
̫ûϽˣǲ˵ˡʦǻǼ̳ɣкü̳أ˵ɵĹơ
е۾΢΢صѾͷСɵϰߡҪ˵ʱϲʦϲǸˣ˭
ҡҡ
̫ñʦƵûͰ͵صʦܲܲҪˣ
жһԲ̫ñʦͷȥ½ǣĺӰ㣬ӵصǡߡɵ磿
ѩ׵üëʲôƺ
̫ڨڨص˵˵Ͳ󣬲ҪҸŵܵܽɵСͺ̫˵͵͵˸һۣΪԼߵðˡ
룬̫õ̳ӷ££е£ʵʵظң
ʱ̫֮˵ˣһʦȴλѮϸǶ۷ֱһ鶼ûС̫Сصʦ㲻˰
૵ص԰԰
̫õͷɥص˼֪Щأ˼ֻɽһҰѾͷϡʦˡ˼Ҳٺ˼ˡ
̫˵ţӨۿתתиû˵ʲôλƽϵĳ˷ܵվתȦȦЩϼһɽˣԴľôû뵽ء
̫ʵʦû뵽ʲôѽ
˫һģֻȢӣǺα˼ôãʹ̶ʮûλءŮ޸ȥʱнڲλô
һֱڿ̫Թʦˮأôܸ첲հ˼Ҳ𣿡


25 з
ĵϡ
ӨӨһʯϣеĵ͡ಡһ˦ˮСԣƯˮϲ£Ͳͷͣˮһ˦˷ʮκӨӨĹĵվտյ¨ֻ˸ط
ʱԶһҶСĵʻβһŽͷվһŮӣԽխĶۣϹһڶ̽һ˫ɫƤСѥȵվڼװϣУ͸һˬӢˡ
ԶԶģڴͷǸŮӾͿӱһ㴹ӨӨŮǳǳһЦӨӨڵķָָͷ˵˼ʲôӨӨķڶɹ
ţ
ӨӨһ㶼ûˬŭֻĸ۵ıֵ˵ָͣԷ㣬ȻվڴͷǸŮӣȸԾ㣡㣡
ӨӨѵһչֱۣ˳Ʊ㻬䵽ˮ棬ľٶչ̾˿
ӨӨȻҲ֪ﲻӨӨЩԹһӨӨһûĻĵģЩԹҲӰ
ɵɵɣ
ԿЦһȻ
վڴβǸԹֻôβһ̣ƺСҪǰ㸲ƵģһУʱչѾڿն𣬴βžһĻˮ棬˻
չһֻɫɺװչᣬǰһͷϽʱ˳һץˮƮ֧ͣһһչǰһݣȻȵϡ
ѽƯĹ򣡡ӨӨִЦһѱסչصؿѽˣ˼ұСϣһ˺üį
չֿЦŪÿЦã챻˵Сڹˣǲ׼뿪ôҪ˽㣬Ϊ㱻۸ʲôء
ӨӨС⻹۸ôҲ˵
չѵͷŵһߣӨӨĺ󱳣һôΪôУʲô¶ģһĿŶһһУˡ
ӨӨΪЦţҾֻ֪жң
չֱۣһʯ⵽ϡ
ˮĻźĳϫһЩͣںϵˮŶйӰŷٽµǳǳĽӡ
ʲôѽ
ӨӨ˼˲ôû¾Ͳܽ
ܣ˵ģȻ£Ҿˡ
ѽ˼ҡ˼е¶

ˣң
ѽӣƨɣ
Ůں׷Ǹոµˮ־š

ϣˮš
Ϻ͵ݲλ½ϣԾǰˣȫվںϡλ½ĳһҲʮˣλǲ۲۵顣
ԶԶ˿λϣԭͣסȻϢ˿ǰš̫ñһСվںϣʢ¡صĳŪЩ޴롣
ʦλϣذɡ̫ԼĸʦǰԽԣǰλϣɲš
߹̫õеصѽΰٵʹǿɾͽ
̫΢ߣʲôٶΰʹӣ붼ûţЩȴһʮׯصģ·һĪʹ
ǵİɡ
̫ʦĳǷѾͷǹƽ̴ѾǧˣɲиôǿѵĴ£
λ߰Ҫ˵˻֮ˣߡλϸģۿ̾Ҫķѣؼʱ̣߱Ӧ˶ˣⲻǹӰô
뿪̶ʮ꣬ʱ̫Щڼ䲻֪᲻ᷢʲô⣬ǶܵġȻ˵ĸصΪŮδί㣬һжֵõġΪ̸һУ񶼻ῴ
һģϧһдۣ
̫ðȭͷԼľ
вΡΡͰصúӣȥɣסһҪϧһСȿȣ㲻ʦֻȥʱɲҪٹʦ첲
̫Ⱦ˫գŴ˵ͷһԾ񷤣һǡ˿̵ľ

һҶСƿˮƮƮ
չ׶ӨӨٶ죬˭ô뿪ˡ
ӨӨҲЩʱգֻôúͨϢʵЩģûڵû˿ϰţֻüͣæٺúþ۾ۡ
չЦЦҡͷǳŮˣҾһϣˣ˵ɣȴһᣬӨӨףæתոںͣȵСۡ
ո̤ϴͷչԹʾ⿪תȥ΢ЦȥɣҶУ
ţ
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ӨӨͻȻֽһ飺㣬ɲԵ
ˣչһΣһӵˮ
ӨӨ𣬲㣬ôشң㲻ĴɣţҲ𣿡
ˮϣչܻĴѾͷ𣡡

֪ԻԱȥͭʸʱة첮Ĵְ֪ҶСһʼ첮Ļ᲻ʶȤûȴ첮ƺǳһδȡ˽ѵûκʲôٶ
ҶССգ첮һֱؼκľٴ룬ŷÿֵֻܵãȴҲȥѰ鷳죬ƷʹϢ˵լۡȺѾ깤ھͿǨˣҶС첻ϲ
ҶСӰһõʱ䣬ϣŰϢ߼ˣҶСϵԼſڻûƿԺţëǴĴɤŶԺ
ӣ첻¾£ͼͷҲָɣ˵˭㣿
ҶС첻ëִæƿԺţͼëվԺ˫ֲŸǰ׿㣬紵Ȧȥˣַסţһ³ɲǿ˼СӸհﰳģ㶸ͷȳĨˣˡ˼ָɣģ군Ҽ˹ְëզһ°Ҳأ
һǽڼҲڽֻëǵĴɤѹ¶Է΢š
ҶСüǽַھӵģܺú˵ô
ëһҶСϻһ˵ڼҴɩӣĪţ˵ĺãǧ򷿣ڣھӣǾһԵݣҪɶòԵĵطɩൣЩ


26 ǹ
ҶСëǰƶ󹧣Ц˺ˣֻҪĴɤţ徲ˡ
ëǱ磬ǲ֪ǡ
ҶСûص˭˭˵ҪȻҰȥ
ëǸϽɱǵٶģݡһǡ
ҶСĻˣûζúʰһ£һͰңȥɽϣټһլԺǵ׿ôƮҲƮ˼Ȧȥˣ˵˼СӰģ˭Сӣ
ҶСһ˵һţëǸں棬һ죬ڨڨصǡҶС¡
ҶСʲôҶСӣŶ
ҶСͻȻǰµλ浽ļ޵Сˣ׿ëһۣ΢ЦСӵЩ£ô칦˼Ҿ׿㶼ϸ
ëЦУɽҲûЩã˵ðƥҪﰳµģ׿ǰԼ˵ģ˼һ˼ĺ˼ſڡ
ҶСЦͶˣҪƤ񣬱ȳǽ񣬲ֵõء˵ëĵط񣬾һ㣬һʦ̳ġ
ңңҶСܳﻹһ廨ӣϱ߱һƬѾ޵Ļ꣬һҶС죬ңңȸԾС磡
ҶСʵڸʲôѧ廨أ
ңңѽ˼ڼҲûҿҶӸëѣֲЩǮͷСɰ
ҶС۵ļһѣЦǼңң涮¡ţһ˵ҵˣССͣܲѽһͰȥɽˣʱլԺˣλϯѧѧ黭ʫʸ踳СŮ
ңңϲǼҵĴլѾס𣿡
ҶСкܴһƬطҪ޽ѾӰסˣ⴦Сʵ̫ӵЩһǾͰȥ밡
ҶСһ˵ţһ߱ңңڶ˼Ҿߵҹյȥҵһ룬ҪҪȥҵҲֻǲ֪ԸԸ뿪ǣ밡˼ִǿҴҲͷˣôҲܰŸĲʹ
ңңǰҶС콲飬ϲֵððǸ͸ú˵˵ǶǼ˿һӾͶˣǲ֡
ҶСЦţǴ绹һӣСһЩҪǿϹͻһܿɰСܵһ
ҶС뵽һžۣڵӣȻһͷ׼Щվæȥд̽̽ҵĿڷ磬ֻҪҼүͬ⣬ͲᷴԡֻҪҴɩͷҲǾûģһһҴɩĶ

ڱǨ¾ʱһϰ׽СǹסȷһǨĻƵգ̫ոշʱʼңʱҪϰһ͹ȥ
ǰҪһŴֻһ棬죬ʱѹǸϣúϵһȦᵽ¼Һ̨ϣٽҸһ棬ֱ졣
Ҫ磬صͬšַھӡϯĹģȻǸ⻧˼ҵĲˮƽһҪ˷ģԴ˱֤ϲʧ
ҶСǱˣֵëҲǱˣϰȻǰᵽ˹ݣڶһ磬ëǱȫܣȶסǿŰǹϵϺ̨ϰ£˻
ëǱһ󣬸о˫ЩһͰѹѹǶͷϣôһںڹҡУٲȻǺ峿һ羰
ҶСѾǰة˼٣ةƽʱк϶ʱȻҪϲģָ֮ϻܰͷѭ졢ԵҶСңЩҾȫ̧ȥլ
ֻҶСʱЩȴȫܾˣǵֵʱ䣬øһ죬Ƕ֪ةҶС첻ϣԸةлᷢѵ
ЩͬŲ磬ҶСլǽɽϣûʲôַھӣ⡰ǹסϲ磬ͱԼˡ
լ൱ںصۣһլԺˡҶСԭûôҡֻЩԷͥԺ
ӴһլԺҪкܶˡѾ澲ܴҶСѾӰѡˣֻڻûǳѾ˼ӰⳡϲĽС

ǹףʲôϰף
ةԶеҡͷЦһͽӵҶСϲ֪ҶСǨ֮ϲδǰףأϲڻء
պһߣһ׮⣬һϳ㱻ˣԴһԶһֱľսȻСģһгҲûκƾݰվ
Ѿ˺ü죬ʼûʲô쳣ԶŽһǺֱϵģڶǺʮӥеۣ˵ͷڶںسͷݲûа¶
ֻǣҶСողһĵһܵ˾Ҫȥ֮»ǲЩ
ǱҲʲأҶСǰ¶Ȳ棬·ոͨڷæΪ˰ɣʹһݺǡ
ԶҡҡͷҶС׮󹦣ںصĸ͸ˡ֪ءةһֵģֻҶС죬ȥϲչ鲻áֻǵģЩЩɽǷ֪ҵĴڣǲҵݣҶС֪վǸ鷳
Ǳ֮ǵҲЩȥԹɫĶȻɣ֪Щʲôε޷죿֪Ҳ㡣
ԶȻãϸ緢ǰȥ̽һҲã
Ǳͷ׼һݺߡˣһ߽⣬òˡ·
Զ΢΢۾صѾû˿ɽҴȼֲȡ֮лҵӣǺܾܿҰŵصһöӣںߵúܽɲǰ׳գȻϽʮа˾ѾͶңĻ첮ʵϾһ·ˣСĽ䱸ţ˳˵Ҳ£ҶСһԭ򡣡
ԶûаȫƻǱ壬˿˵İ취ѾǱˣǱ׵ƫ棬ܴɡȴ򣬵ҲǸ취
ǱӯӯЦȥҶҡǹס˳̽̽ҶСĵף


27 Ǳ
ҶСլ¼λʦԼֲȣڻöҵʶƮ㣬ֻլԺ̫ζȴҶСıҶСңңëǺͶڻƷɵͬլ
һʯ͵ıֱȫԺ䣬鹸ɫ߽ȥԺףػۣУ֪һһԺĸо
ҶС־ЦҶС죬ԭǾһСС䣬Ҳнշ⡣
ëǽӿڵֻϧһλŮˣҪȻⴱլӿɾʲô뱸ˡ
ңңСѾͷëһۣͦСظǣҶССҲ߬Щ
Ů˰
ҶСһӱֲĺϱֵĸߴͣ˼˰Σüͷ
ԻƷɵӨӨԴӷغҲûϢˡ˵ǻȥ̽ĸĲ飬ļ˹ȥĿľΪ˷ֿǡԸ·æҲѵɣȥȴ鲻ʱ䡣Ʒɣ鷳һˣȥһ̽
ƷˬصģΣһϢ͵
ҶСҡͷļЩ˿ɲôģһ߻мּɵ¾Ͳܿˣ°ɣʵûлͻ򲻿Ƿͻ
Ʒɵͷǡ
ʱҶСӿ첽߹ҶСӯӯһ񣬵үλǱ˵ŵء
ҶҴլﻹûʲôˣҶСӾʱ䵱ӭ͡ҶСһǱˣ֪ةӵˡңңȸԾصˣ磬ǿȥӭһӭ
ҶСǣңңСӭǰԺë˽Ų˺棬Դһξ󣬳ҶСӺһЦҶСӣһΣл·
ҶСһ죬ߴصͷȥë磬̫ˣ֮Ͱˡ֪·ɻô
ëǸϽ̫ˣСӵáǺǺǣǡ·ýϴһϴ·ԺѰĵ׿ڼȦȥˡ
ҶСӴͷŶ˼ٰëһˡ
ëϲúϲ£úúãǿ鷳Сˡë˵ű㿪ʼ½ҶСӵһסͣڵصë磬㡭ʲô
ëǿȥ£˳ԼһͼﾹȻźüƥѹյΧƽʱֿ˼֡ȴ֪˲ƥΪβ䡣
ëǴ䡰ᡱӳǼƥҶСһЦȥĲƥСˡ
ҶСźһƥڰصϡϻëĲƥû꣬ʣµĽһ׿´ˡë롭һ·ôף
ҶС˵ţȻоָвԣϸһֻƥһƥ׵Ӧ׿ġϸ鲼һƥ¡Ļһƥ׵ģ»ױɴƥ
ƥױɴϸ塢ỬɫôɫģëĴҪױɴ·ҶСӼֱëױɴ۷һʲô
ëǺڨڨصͷСӰﰳ·ҲûʲôлġЩϣ׿㣬ʣµĲϣ͸Сӵл񣬿·Ҳ¾ˣѰɡ
ҶСһæƾܵʹãױɴܹģë磬ûȥ˼ҲҪ
ëǵͳֵĶյĵ˵˼ƹֲǮûôСӣͲҪƾˡ
ҶСӼԶɳߴֻɬشͷǡǾллëˡҡȰѶͻطȥ
ȣȣ
ëֱؿҶСܿıӰȵΣŤС֫ȻֿɵЦ
ҶСЯңңӭǰԶԶͼǱСŮվſڣһǳֱ΢ЦӭǰСŮǱÿһϻ
Ǳ岽ţϵĽҡҲȹڣ·ڵϻһ㣬߯ҲÿңңɿҶС֣ϲǱ֣㣡
һСȹӾܹȥͻȻʶ˾ٲŮ緶æŲĶŵӭǰȥҶС΢ЦһٲǰȻһ£æеɩɩֹӲ෽ɩɩ
ǱһȻվס⣬ͻȻһȪӿˮ治Сȹ·ȹҶƵϾסǱͷ档
ҶСһס˶ͷУǱ߾ôȪ̤ȥˣֻһУǱ忰ͣסȪš
ǱֻһһУǹȪʪ͸㣬Ȼһէй˵áֻ㱡°ɫȪˮһȹϣҲƵˡ
Ȫˮɲǣͻʧȹ£ǱֻƵվǶҡҲ˵ϣȫˮòǱ·ǱŴˣվǶһҲҶ
ҶСϽңң죡Ǳȥ·
ŶŶŶ
ңңѹϽһȪˮҪġǱһһϽ뿪ȪλãСѾܹɵƹңƻƵű߶
ҶСڨЦԼɩɩʵڶԲסȪ·룬լӻûȫ޺ãﱾҪһصġ죬ȥѡ
ǱҲ˵Լ˿̵ǺǺЦҶСôһٳϵ࣬޷ùԱı׼ҪҲ޷˵󸾵ļӣֻõһۣңңҴұܿ
ҶСͷԴҴҸëǵë˵ҲͷˣֶòĲãǽ㡢Եźˡ
ëüЦصãһýʦһ¡ǺǺǡ
ҶСֵؿһۣŮʪôڿô˸߲ҵģ
ҶСլﲻûгŮˣѾӶûУΨһĳŮԾҶСӣǱֲܴŻϴ۷ɻ
ңңҲ취ȥҶСӽ¡ҶСǾ¾ֻһףҶС쵹мۣȡһǱ廻ϡ
Ǳ峤ϸθ߼ҶС찫֣ҶС·ȻֻͦһۣȻһε꣬ûٸζ
Ǳ巵ؿңңˣҲҶСԱһŹñΣģһС˶ȶ棬ҲǿյģҪ˫ֽϥϣһΣģ˷塣
Ϊⳡ־磬Ǳԭ˵һЩ׻ˣֻôЩЦĿǵҶˣʷǨ֮ϲֻ·ոͨԭѹؾ趼Ҫˣ׾鲻ǰǸ⡣


28 Ⱥ۵չ
ҶСЦ޷޷ǰҶѣҶĳҲٴģһո֡ɩɩܹǰҶĳȻʢ顣
ңңص㣬Ȳ裡
Ǳ˹յ˴ĭȿڲ裬ңң⣬ֶҶСЦҶһټ̾ݡΪطһ׾ĺš
˵ǻﺷݺ·ʮأ󰸣ɹٸȴһֱû취Ҷֵһʮӥȫףһѣ£ʷˣһܱ˧ҲǴ´ࡣ
ңңҶС죬ǻϲЦӯӯؿҶСһۣɸոָֿϽϡ
ڻڣ˵ҶС˵Сʱ򳤵óСӣ˲ŻƯСʱױǳСѾͷ˾ͻòƽӹңңԴŲɣǲҶС쿴Լӡ
ҶСȻǱ˵һɽկʱկʮȻһѷ䡱ɱ࣬ܵصҲʲôսȫѲ˾ٱһģɱС
ʵأЩ˵Ҳֻѹһưգûʲô汾ģٸ˷޹Ϊǲɽû취ҵǵĳѨҶĳǵϳѡ
Ǳ尵չɫҶСɫûʲôвһ룺Զɽ¹Ȼһ֪
ǱڿڣЦʷ˵赭дЩ˷޹ĹԱ޹ˡһӦȫף¿ɲѲ˾ǰóģĪǡʷ˾һλô
ңңԺͦСظǣҼСأڹϪʱ¹ٹСսСֻһƣͰˤˡ
Ǳ屾ǶҶСһ֮ңң仰ĿȴȻһ⣬æ׷ʵѽҶʷһλز¶ˣ
ҶСЦǣңңһ۵СӲҪ˵˵
תֶǱЦд£ڹʱڻϪֻһְˡȣҪ˵ƺʮӥЩ汾µģǾһ翹ҪȷҲ
ҺһֻվԳɩɩҲͷԳģԳж磬һһļҲĶ֣ҶĳվǿͷԳŰЩһ򾡵ġ
ҶСⷬΪƺʮӥ򣬵Ǳ嵱ȥͷƺʮӥ׼Щ˵˶ͷ­ϣȫǱˣôǾԳ
ҶСⷬʵǱ񼣬֪ңңҶСĹϵ˵ҶС뻯ı죬Ȼңң
ĪңңǾ֮ﾹȻ滰ҶСǸز¶ָ֣
Ǳ뵽вⰵЩȻŲӣ±ҶСĴмҿһСŮӣһü֮Ľˡ
ҶС֪ǱѾΪһĸָָ߸ˣԴŹΣҪ˵ļ֣ҶĳǼһһһŮء
Ǳ循ȵصܱҶʷΪǸ֣ĸˡȻ似СȴϲЩֹ£Щʼǣȸһȴ֪Ҷ˵λŮк˭أ
ҶСôǹ֮λպİ컢ˡλһ书ǵ˵ðϧ£ŮӲΪʱ̫ʷ±ضΪעŨһʡ
ҶСһչҹҲ߾ųߣȺۣ֣顣£Ϊ輧أ֣̹ԦԶն飬ʳһţֻ뱥ֹ
ҶС˵꣬ЦƷչģҲΪ֮ʧЦëڲᣬһֽȥҶС죬ҶСŤͷЦô㲻úЦô
ëһüŪ۵ģҶСʲôë۾ôʱҶСһͻȻ𣺡ʳһţֻŰ뱥ţ
ҶСһĺëৡһǿžĳ嶯תǿһȿ޻ѿЦͰ͵صôˣ
չҶС죬Ӣˣɷˣߣ̶ѨôôͲ
ҶСվչӵصūұͨģλ
չһ֣ؽͣҲѰĻ
ҶСЦﻰˣһӭأǨ¾ӣҪھףһãһΪӷϴ
Ǳӯӯ΢Цλչѽūˡ
չһۣüڳūңȴƫƫһжװײ࣬бѲϲּԼҪ֣ŨЩ
ҲǱʩֻغҶСһۣ˼ΪС跹˼ǧټ취Ϣ㣬ȴ˵ң޸ޱߣǳŮӸĺţ
ҶСһȻϲص˵˭ӨӨӨӨϢң
չϲĪȻе°΢΢һ̣صеģӨӨΪ跹˼Բһңʲô˵ġ
ҶСǰȥǨ֮ϲôѵһܿɥλλҵĺѱةķˣةæǰϲġ
ʵһֱ˼ӨӨģԴ뿪ʼҾͲ費˼룬æʱ򻹺ãһҾͳᡣ㿴ǲࡣ
չҶСһۣҶСǰЩɽؽ⣬֮լӣǿ׽ģֹˣеء
չֻ˼ӨӨ£һᣬȴҲţӨӨ˵
չ˵Ȼֹ
ҶС⣬æǱԼɩӣСʧһ£ˡˡëңңԼɩţ룡
չߡһ뿪ҶСæŽż⣬ƨƨߵظںߣǸ̷һ̫ࡣ
ǱϣҶСչ뿪յһ˿صЦ⣺ҶСͺļҲΪңչλСòҲأ¶ԽԽȤˡ
ӨӨʲôҪ˵
ҶСչ뿪ųתڽǣȲص
չվסŲعҶСӨӨǱļ˹ȥģһȥ㲻뿪ˡ
ҶСȭȻϣҾ֪Ҷϵǹڿƭȥ
չҶСһۣļҪΪӨӨ䣬ӨӨƢҲ֪ϣļʵҲûиõİ취ȴɲļ˿ڡ
ҶС˫һȻļȻչӨӨ¾Ͳô򵥣ϣص˿ڣ


29 Ժ
չҶСļѾ֪ݡ
ҶСüʲôݣ
չؿ˼֣˼ˣĹƽݣ
ҶСĬչļ˵ùƽȡ߲ȢأǲıŮ޸ġ
ҶСΪѵصɽȺ̣ǱͨһʮΪѡҪȡؿ¸ϼѡҪ֪濴ֻǽܷȢӵ⣬ʵǣǹƽδС
һȢˣǾζţлѹƽ̱һһСһһһգҰĿ¾ͲֻɽưôˡЩϼһһ㿴ú͸
չһۣܱͬ˼ʮ꣬ĬȢӣѵͲܱǴӦࡣ
ҶСЦ֪֪߶˵ʲô˵ұƼǣǲϧұһ˰ڲĻˣ˵Զ޶ȵģѾ˺ܴòҲһӱƵ̫ҪһЩʱ䣬һ֮ʵ䷴ġ
չЦһǶã껹ʮꣿֻʮ꣬ʮꣿ㲻ȷǷ˵֮ǰӨӨô㣿ʮ㻹˵Ǽλô죬Ʋ޶ǻɽû˽
ҶСһʼƤ䣬ȴ۾طʵ˵Ҹô죿ҸһẦҸ˼ˣ˳ףҸӣȥģҲʥˣ
չһЦֻҪ㲻˵˴ϣļҾͲͬǵĻ£ô죿
ҶС춢һһص취һ룬ܣ
ҶС˵תߣչѿ˵˵ĺ㵱ôѦˮ裿ӨӨ;ˣ˵ף̰ӨӨòļ
ҶС͵վס˽Ųչҧס´ȻЩڣҲԼΪʲô˵ĻѾˣȴ޷ҶС˵һԲ𡱡
ҶСûлͷֱֻͦ˶ͳصˮĸǧټһʱ˵һζ뿪ңҾ;뿪ûУӨӨˣ
ֻҪңҾ;ҶСȵĲӣһһǰȥ·ǰվļǰʮֵܣĽŲȴԥȻӭȥ
ֻҪңҾ;仰Ӵ¡¡չͷҶСͦεıӰչӽų֮⡣

ҶλƵһϯʢѾ׼ϣҶСҶСӱţչͬ硣
ʱҶСѾȶչʲôʧĵط½⡣ӨӨͷҪһˣҲȵ̫ã
ԼϲȴҪΪ˱ŮӸǴߣչеԹ˵ҶСһۣĬĬص˵ͷû
ҶСѾˣСɣ۽ߣ˳ƣլۡ԰ֻʲô׵ĵطָһҲüʱĹ
չߡһҾƹˣͦɵģ⾰±߽ġֻ԰֮Ļںܼˡ㲻ǸʷҡͲةЩٶ˲ˣ
ҶСνصȻˣܰô˵ҸЩλȨصˣͷƵģҼβˣȥǣҲǵ϶ȻˣֺαرԼ
չƲƲǡ
һɫݶǾЪɽʽܽɣ»羫µĹ䣬ִĺ΢ĶΣʵȻ󷽡
ǰһˮˮǴɽȪˮģȪˮ峺ͨͨɽµĺˮϡһˮϣţ֮ͤУǰһرˮˮϼʤ
ңңǱǳܣȻ˵ʮ꣬ȴٲȻһԹֻۣǴʱĽ̸˷Цˡ
ңңڻǸСŮ޶ͬǱһȻ̸Щ֬ˮۡͷ桢лŮĻ⣬ĵľȻңңϲǲͶ򴫡
ǱʵⱾ飬ڴӹص·ϣңң£˺֮ǱĴѰһͨһ飬ΪͶңңá
ǱѾⱾ˸ϸңңȴǵÿ˯ǰˮһΣµ˽ȻǱȫ棬ԶϾ˰Ρ
ңңǣǱֽ鿣²ʵ㣬˵ʥ֩뾫ôãΪɶöһӶסأǶʡ¶
չҶСǡҲһಽͤ鿣仰չһҶСһָۣص⻹򵥣˼Ůﻹжأ
ǱչݸһЦչ㲻Ҫᣬʵǡ
չ׵֪Ǳةķˣɲ˵ʲôֻ˵ѽˣöô˾ӣʵأһȫǺɫ֮ͽ
̫ϣӶǳ氡ģչ仰ȫ޷ӦƷɺëҶС촫ȾƵģһڨڨ̧֣Լıӡ
ҶСӣЦҿԼɩɩ
ҶСʵҲչΪֻЩ´˾ǴˣȻ˼չ⣬ҲϲλչС㣬ȴҲûа취
ӨӨһһܽյķ糾ŮӣҶүһƵءءʹͰ˵үᡢģǰɣԺ̷үϯ֮ϣܽǳġģʳòҲǱ֮࣡
κλһһͷҶСȢôһλùնѲѡӵұ֮ɣ
ҶСԼô֪֮ģǻȻҽУһʶؾиˣչżżСƢ쳣ؿˡ
ңңȻλЩֵֹģС磬ȴ͸֮ǱȴõģԲΪ裬ֻ΢΢һЦңң
չȻҶС죬ȴҲʲãݵҶСֱ£һҶСֱ߰ңңңңǱ壬ֱչ
ëǺͻƷɶԸⰤͷĸϻѶͷҶС𱭣صҶĳǨլʷչԶν˫ϲţǸⱭƣʾأ
ңңǰҲһֻѣʢǹ֭ңңѣģҶСһ£ҶСתֱߵչչûƱԹһڡ
ҶС˸ӣȴɫ䣬ЦɣľƱȻһչǰֻһ£ȻһչؿٶҲլҲòƾȱһλŮˣҪŮ˼һٰɡ
ҶС컹û˵Ʒɾ͵չҴյݵλҪһλķʵ£Ҵȴһֱ԰㿴ҴլһŮ˶ûС
ëǽӿڵǰҴ統ôˣȨǮһŮ˼Ҷû
չЩҶСӨӨҵĽ֮ҵһԴģǷֱأɲԲ飡
ҶСƵ̾˿ǰ֣ĿⶸȻԵӽ䶫ţŮƣƣ˼档ƾˮǧҶСֻȡһưԸǾ£ҹҹѽţ⸮УһŮӣ
չɫ΢΢׵ʵҲһ
չδˣͤԱ㴫һС磬һ
ҶСѭȥͼһλСŮխԽ£һ廨ߵȿ㣬ϸϵһ廨ΧӲһȦĿˣޱȻ
ҶСĿɿڴʥҲ粻ȥˡ


30 Ȼ
̫õ÷·һ˫Ȫˮ峺Ĵ۾⣬ͶעҶСϡ
Ů˵ĵ츳츳ܣڸϣֻۡӤո֪ʳ񾭴ִչҲ̫õĲͬѰ
˿̫ãŤͷѰζؿҶСһۡ
ҶС컺ɫׯϣλǡ
չƲƲǣһЦЦϵ
ҶСȻ״ˣصʱǾͼˣ
չһתصҲ׵ǣ̫òĸŮôôֳĸˣ
ҶСɫصҳԣɲҽʵֻ̫ܵܵĸɵ̫õĸɵ
չѿ£˫ҶС죬˹صҿɾͲˣɶӵ׽㣬Ӧûʲôأ
簡԰ɣС磡ؼʱ̣ңңˣСѾͷͿ˳ˣʱһ죬СǻҶСңңͷжصҼңң¶
̫ÿûҶСչⷬǹལİսһһֵֻ¹㣬ӯڳʯԾţƵ鿵ڣ߽ЦӯӯضҶСС磬һ
ҶС˰Ļɡ£տһòͰɡ
ȣ
̫ˬشӦһȴӻһֻȦݸңңңңӦǽկõʦģϲϲô
ϲ
ңңЦտؽӹȦصݽ㣬£һԷңң˵ţϲ̵ذȦԼϣֵذš
ǱԱߵĻƷϰŲ˸λãһӰںá̫л
ҶСһݰû뵽ô͸ϻˡʵլѾɴˣֻʣһЩɨβ飬˵㻹ĸʲô࣬ҹⲻȥʵʦ߾ͺˡ
̫øոӣһ⻰Ŵ۾ؽ͵ôأСⴱլԺôܵ˰СٵģֲЩ¡
չɫԽԽڣҶСһۣϽƿĿ⣬̫õŶ⵹⣬ѾӰɫˣͷѡЩҺʵڿϳɵӶӣլӲ˴ô
̫òصǡǰЩС㻹ûаɽʱǾ͸˵ҪҰȥô
仰һڣһֱֵöЩСŮ䰵ӿЩٶ۵Ķͣס˿ӣǱһֺҶС죬Ʒɺë໥ͷ׷
磬İﲻรɣ
ҶС켱ؽͣǰ˵Ƕʱ䣬ʱ
ҶСȻԼҲͲˣһץƱǿЦȾƣȾƣҺȾƣҶСһӣһƱ˶ǣƷšеడ

ҶС콹ͷö֮ʣЧȴһᳵڽװʿĻ¼·
Ϥڸص·ѻ󣬲־ŭһУʿҹ̸ϵأҪԻع
ںضһʱ䣬˽һ´˵رйĹɣǲǷֻڴ˲ԪһӣǺعȻҪͬҵǾ΢ˡ
ΪͷȻ뿪̫ãλһ裬ǹϵΣǾðյģܴѡ˷ӡ
һɫװƽ˹ŷѵӣ͸ż⺷Ӣͭ۶վ·ڵ첮ģЩͷ
ٲǳһ̤̤ʱֻ׶첮ĵҶ˵ĻҲãôںɣ
첮һݣæ׵ľôСٶʧ
ءšһٲϳȥһڳϣֱۻڽŶ복ڣҲ˽ȥϡ
ʽڿлһȦžشһޣƥۿĻڴӣ̤ͨĹٵ
첮һۣһ֣ᳵ۶ȥ
ӽ᳾첮ĹڵҲãӽнԶ᳾ȥ첮ĲŶˣͬ£»ա
ɫصͬΪЧȴϷ͵Ϊ¡
첮΢΢һЦĳȻסֻǣĳ˱ة֮λܾϺǻҲøҶСơҲԸ˾ɣ
Ƥ첮һۣʲô㣿
첮Ŀӹһ˿βסĺ⣺ȻǳƥȺ֮
ȻҶС첢߲֮亦
첮ĵǾסߴ磬򣡡
üͷ΢΢Ѿ⣿
첮̤ǰһ͵˵˼仰۾ź룬ٵͷѾһĨߵĳһۣ˵ͷ첮ϲͬˣ
صϷʹˣ¾£ġ
첮ɫȻһ䣬ֵ˳伸ʯͷżΪ֮
첮ĹЦȻˣӣ
û˵ʲôٲԼĳӣԸسǣ
첮ĿԶȥĿ΢΢˸һ£Ҳ½ԼƥⰰһޣбҰȥ

ҶСٷԵձòѱϣǼӿʹˣ̵ʰȥ˼յ²Ų豭ûһڣ޴ͷˡ
ѽ磬˵ɲ˼Ǩ¾ӣЩٶǶˣôֵ֪һ⻹ǴղͷǶ˵ģҪȻڹء
ҶСϲӲˣڻһղźãҪȻԼʲôƵģһ̫úʹ˴̳ӵչ֮䣬Ϊѵĺܡ
ҶСȻվû˵һͷͤ鿵޴˵ˣӴ˵զ֪ͨأôƯﰡۣλӢףհףе졣
չ
޴ת̫ãֶЦⲻ̫ôżûôˮˣϲüҵģ¼ƵģĪǺǶˣ
̫ã
޴תǱ壺λﴽ죬Ŀ壬װʹٴȹͣ񻷷糾Ҵñ£ƯŮӣȫ޼ˡ
Ǳ壺


31 ʥʹ
ҶСĴլؽȻɽƣ־˹һԭ۵һɽͷȻͨĵһ羰ʢء
԰бɽʯľˮγһ״졢Сһĳһߣˮ峺ѣлҶҶƮ䣬ˮת׷Ʈȥ
һĹʯӲ濴·ǧΣγһϵļۼȴǷǳԲͻ𣬷·ͷǡͷüȻ磬ү
ңңϷԲնյͻΪүʯΪ𶥣ҶСΣھһүͷϣ棬ŵչƨɵһſŷͷ
ʱյ㣬Ȼǲһˡ
չḧ¹⻬ġͷпص
ʯһٲ棬ʮٲְộǸϰپߡڰʯ·׳ֶ˲İˣʮɽһ·Ϲľ˵Ϊװ԰з羰߾úÿ
ҶСԵõչһʯͷ뾹չһпԭ˵Ա˻ƳγεӵĹҲǴӱֲģŹֲǺεȵļѣʱȴÿˡ
չЦЦ˻ϵȨŷм䣬ȻʵۻҪʮٱҲǡǡ谭ӨӨһϰ
ҶС̾˿˭˵ǣһãһʧ˵ľˡ
չҧҧ´ɵصû
ҶСüţ
չû㡭ֻжʮڵӣһһ졣ԣӦҸֻжʮ곾ԵŮˡ
ҶСˣӨӨͲ⣬չС⻰ʲô˼
ҶСȻһͻոӣչȻɫ΢Σҵصˣ£˼ҲòģҡֻҪĻ˵һ飬ʹˡ
ҶС̾˿֮վص죬һҪ𣿡
չؿ㲻ã
һ˲䣬չһȣȻӿһƵͷҶСͷ˵һ䡰ҲãͲߣ±ҪͼԵˣ
ȼһŻҶСӭǻĿⲻһҵصҡзӨӨȥȡ
ҶСչĿ⣬Żתߡ
ѽ
֮£ҶСһ̤գʯ»ȥչּۿ죬һѽסҶСһѾɽʯЩ̵ļʯ϶ϻˣȱѪ
ҪҪ
ҶСشչͶȥ˺ҶСѾƵĿȶֻǲ˴εѪۣƲչŷ
漴ע⵽ҶСȲƤ̫ƽḧƤЩݵĸоչϾ뵽˵رЩʳ˳סʱҶСŵӵ龰
չһΪҶСЩԹʱһɨգչḧҶССȣĳϣʴѪ龰ļЩˡ
չصʱһʹɡ
ҶСҲãʱˣֻƴܣҲ˲ʹ͸оʹˡǵºˮ¼ͣźܿͻˣһιѾΪϷҩ
ҶС˵̧ͷʱ˽ߣšչ󣬱֬һ˫ۣϸܵ۽ëպ˷۵ˢӣգһ£ҶС֣˱˴˶ӣɵóˡ
֪ҶСչȥչЩߵһ£漴ͣסӣ΢΢ۻƵĴ£˫۾۷еĻɪ
ҡȥȡ
չûеȻĶһǣ۾ͼҶСѾŵʯΪûվȣڵһӣ漴Ҳ˲Ĵ۽ϵ֮ززˡ
չؿڻݴּʱʱֵıӰһаƵָᰴԼϣ۶ģᡣ
ҶСٻʱѾȫŲֻȥǱˣݵģֻúЦ
ҶС콫һֻһʯ̨ϣչƣȥ
չһһϻϻֻһ߼ϺõᣬϻϻǳϸĽ𻨻ΡչһϻǽɫĹҹʱѽһ
˼ңֻһۣͿϻ֮ĲͬѰϻеźɫ˿˿ϰڷͨ͸̵ķ۰ʯͷһʯͷʯ
ʯͷ״죬ɫҲ죬𡢰ʯͻơƤƵȣÿʯͷ϶οһʫչɨһۣǿʯԿ̵ǡ˭ͬӰǧ㡣
ҶС΢Ц򿪿
򿪣
չȻҶСһۣͻػȻСĵһʯϸϸһмȻһϸɲķ϶չһһʯ룬һϸƢһʯͷпյģʢǼƷ֬
ҶСʯͷʢĶǽϱƵļƷۡ֬
չǷϸ壬͸ʯ̾Ҳֻ㣬ıʯʢװ֬ˮۡҲֻӨӨǰɫɫ֬ۡ
ҶСЦûע⣬ϻô
չһ˵ע⿴ȥȻ±߻һϻҶСһģһģֻߵʯ·ơʫͬһϻ͸ġ
͸ҵģ
չһ𣬵ϾͰҴӲ֬ˮۡ
ǡ
չžһ°ҶСױϻִ򿪣ͳȥĶҪģ
ҶС㲻˵㲻֬ˮۣ㻻ʵġ
չװͰ͵صǰãԺô
ҶСһ䣬չͰ֬ϣŻϻУְѰãһᣬɫţȴࣺӨӨڵϢˣ㡭úչԼ
ԶСͤɽҶСͤӳС̫վͤϣ˫ոƬҶӣŻһСԶԶؿҶС졣
һֻŵĽżߴŵ棺ʦͼλֻ˵Ҫȴʲôû̹ңҪôأ
̫þڲᡢҲӲȥ롰ҪŮˡҪӡĻ⣬һ漰ڴˣȫڳϺʦʹһ;ֱ׳ҳʥʹС
ˣ
̧̫Сڿжһ٣Ȼɵһߣ˳תߡǰ˴ϵһҪ󣬼͡Ƿ͹㣬ĪҪң˼ǸŮ


32 һͬ
ҶС͸ӨӨչȻԡֻġԵġġӻ̡ҲֻŪʯ֬ôɧĵı
ϻ֬ˮ۱ҶС첢붼Ǵ͵ضһֵܳɣ磬Ҳ㣬ı֮¾ôϻ
Ҳã֮£ֻиɽһСϪˮ²ƣǿض˷ˣԽԽ٣֬ӣһţ
ҶСûãôȴϻ
¼Щ쿪Ҳ֪ĸŵģȻ֬ӣ˵Ͼȥľ治УרŹ֮Ͱһϻѱûбһϻ͸δɩҪǱֱҲͬĶǶûȤ
ҶС˵Ҳǡ
ϻ㶼ߣȫ͸ɩ֮ûеڶݣǴⰡ
ҶСȻСӣ˵˼俿׵Ļ
ҶСϻ䱦֬ˮ۶˻ֻչһȴҶСʱˡ£˴඼ͷչòƲмʵϲģҶСȴҲοΣ⣬ر˼֣ѹ˶š
չҶСլֻס죬ʹҴҸˡ뿪ʱʵҲôϲΪҶС͵ΪҶСⴱլסͷһλŮˡ
ҶСⴱլӵȺѾȫÿסˣطβ׶ΣԺĿͷ᷿һչСˣҶСֻܰլоס
ϰףӦǱլŮ֮չĵ׿ѿ˯Ҳοˣҹλأ뵽ҶҴլŮ˵ľһռӨӨȣȴҲСϲ
ҶСĴլɺҶСϾ뵽ĵǰⱼ޶δžۣ˹٣ǹƽߣѸĸ˫׽㽫ɽҲӦŰѸĸ
ֻǴȥǧйְǲܲؾģҶС쵣ĸĸ˫ײ뿪߲ôǿе룬˳׼
Ϊ׼һݺԱʾڴ˴÷ˮ˺֮ǣдһⳤţϴ컨׹ֻ˵ϵʹɩϵңڴȴǴɩңֻҪͬ⣬ĸ׺ʹ綼飬һ˾Ϳžˡ
׼һ򳤴ʮҳһ׼׵ҶСȴͨԶ͡һⲻһô򵥣һصҪ͡ϣԶֻǺ·һεүûôӰһһ̵ǵվ̫
ԶвҵıȻΪӦ첮ġ첮ҪԶսѣȴĽ̫Ľ顣
Զֱӳͷͨ⽻ҲǱͬһ뷨һ֮ԱõĹϵʲô紵ݶҲܼʱ֪ԷĴ㣬ͬͬˡ
һϵѣȴҲѸٳںͶԷ̫ǣֻ˵ŮѺת徵أҲǴΪٽĹٳ˹õֶΡ
һҶС뵽˴࣬󣬸ոͭʸһҷֵ꣬ڹٿһҡӻ̡Ҫĸ汦Ҳ͸ˣʱԭ֮ءǴϡ֮ֿųУҪһףٴҲԼ꾭ӪĹϵһֽæΪ׵
ҶСҵ޴һ˵罻ȻڴӦǡҪ˽Ź꣬һ棬ϽȥҶСΪ׼ĸװһ̶뿪˺ء
ҶСӴǶʮִߣ߳ԶǡѭһС߻µˣһƦ·ŵ°˵ɣǲƵġ
Ƕѭ쵹ǱϹϾѭ˵˼ʲôɢӣһףƤͷĹǰѭڿеһѽסѭͷصлֹ
ѭ첻ͷذ˰֣һ̧ͷǡҶСĿţѭɫһϲŤͷƤ˵˼ʲôƤҶСһֺۣõһЦ֮ˡ
ѭ첽ҶСӭȻʷˡ
ҶС˳ŤߣһһߵˣһƤͷӰɣ
ѭЦǣʷҲϵǣ
ҶСǸײ׳ಶͷ˿з顣ƽעЩĪҡ
ѭ²ΪȻȴҲ֪ҶСǺ⣬ͷЦǣְˡ
ҶСܰͷǶ˵ѭһЩ飬˵һֲ̫أ˱˴˺Ͼѭ̫үСӣȴһֱᶨƵվԼߣͳ⣬Ҳ˹뵽ҶСֻﰵ̾˿
ǰвԶȺɧܶ·˷׷Χ£ȥƺʲô£ҶСѭ첢δӿŲߵȺдһ߳ȽҶСüͷһ壬ȥ
ѭ˱ÿÿٸ참
ЩΧ۰Ťͷһѭһ£æһ·ͼȺм׳Ĵ󺺣һȭߣڵϣ˫ֱͷڱѪޱȣлϵذе磬ٿ޼죬ٿ޼죡
һа̵Ĵ󺺶ݺݵһĿڣ۵Ű۶ð춼ǰһĭϣ޼죿ٿ޼СضϡҪǲӣӾͻ㣡
˵ţһȥ˵ıӶˣͳһţҽвֹ
ס֣
ѭһڶȵͥʲô
Ź˵ĴŤͷһæЦӭԭղͷղͷǷҵǮʲҾǽѵѵ
ʱڵһйٸ˳棬ԩСԩţС˾ֻͩǮͥҪһʮǮʵǻϰ
ҶСؿմһۣǷŴģ
ͥʶҶС죬ȴԹɫѭҶС쳣𾴣ǰʻʱվڲ棬ϵҶСǰ棬˶Ȼղͷĵλߣ̬ȷǳҶСһЦŴ̸ϣСֻǼлȼģˣҲӯ
ڵűӿ޽еһ꣬ͩǮͱ˶ʮ⻹ӯ
ͥɫһ䣬һֽ飬㲻ҪŹү˵˵ֽ֣ǩֻѺģұӦôʣǷծ͵ûǮ˾ȥҲ㡣
ҶСüԼȡҿ


33 ֮
֪ͥݲͣվȷݣЩԥѭǰһԼģʷ˵ĻҲҲ֪ͥǰλںֿȵҶʷæֵ̿ǷǷ
ѭԼݸҶС죬ҶСչһԭڵǸͩ͵ģ
ǰʱǮͥЩǮһºͩм۵߳ɻʡʱͿɽתһԱһڱ볥˫ǩֻѺûмʱˡ
ҶСﰵһ£һԱһĹ򣬱ȷʵǶʮͩǮˣ˿ԼͥģȷǮɻΣ
ͥСˣҵծ͸û˻ô˼ﻹмĶһҲܴʮС˽صծֲϣСҲΣš
ҶСˣѾ֪ˣŹǲסռ˵ȥٸϣٽбٿ㵱Źˣϰ죡
ֵͥ̿صǣС˼ǵˡ
ѭֵˣϿʲô۲֮ȥϱǡЩĿеʲô¶רᶯ˽̣ٽĳ㣡
ͥЦӦǣϽ⼸ˣһȥø״ˡл⼸˵ĳƺӦֵͬܡ
ѭһ·ָãҶСЦְſ浣Ĵһֲ֪صسˡ
ҶС조ߡһ㵱ǲôռ˵ΣֻŹճҼȻԵǹټҷܲܲܵġ
ѭͷǡ
ʱڣӡǮΥӡǮϢձܸߡжԱߵģٷ֮١ֻһ겻֮ͱﵽһ˵ĵزȻԼǺְֽģȻϢҶСȻͬȴҲﲻʲô
ҶСȻ˵ͥŴȻΥȴ£ӡǮӦð
ѭʷ˵ļǣһ̧ͷҶСضͷһæˣҡûŴ
ҶС쵭صûŴȴҲˣϸ˵ŴǺϷģȴǷݣ
ѭ֧֧࣬صǸҸֻǸųЩôӡ
ҶС̾˿ֵһҲ˵ʲôֻǣ£ҪԵһģ²Ҫ̫ˡ
ѭΨΨŵŵصǣҡҼˡ

ҶСϻõʱ򣬾ͼͥͼֵӭͷϱܵ·ԣͷ·ǸľȻɥûɣ͵Ŀ⿴˿ҶС죬ȫ޷Ӧ
ҶСôͳˣЩ죬תһ룬֤ȷ䣬ȷʵûʲôġ˵˫ƽգ֪ɻ䣬ȻѸ١
ҶС֣ͥʵ̫үѾˣ
ͥͷصˣˡٺ٣СûţԭŶʮֵ鷳ײҵû뵽еѸ١
ҶСŶ̫үôеģ
ֽ֣ͥһ˫µ־ݣͬ˵ģȻûʲôýүϣǼĶиСġ
ҶС조һͥͷصүû£Сˡ
ͥͼֵﳤȥҶС̻̣֪һӳ˵һ¢ĳƶգǼ޴롣İնˣҶСȻ֮ģȴҲﲻ࣬ʹ˹ȥȻһ£վס˽Ų
˻֣ãȻ̧ͷ
ҶСʵ㱾ͩ͵ģ
૵صǣС˱мĶɽͩľֹʲôûˣʲôûˡ
ҶСͩľģԲľϤЩٸոսһլۡȱũ԰вľûбƣȥҼΣ
һϲү˻棿
ѭЦ˵ᣬʷѵ£пն㿪ôˣл
ǣлүүһСľţ̡߲һڵϣҶСߵͷֹ಻Եʷò׷￴
ҶСЦ˺ˣлˣˣȥ
ҶСɽһָôǱٵլۡȥѰһλ̫ã˵ǱٰȥԻ㰲ţ
æͷǧлһϲ뿪ţ죬·𷽲ŰǶٴ򶼲ʲôˡ
ҶСţԼǩѺѭԥһ£ȴֱլȥ
ûԵС鷿ŴһϮʻһͼۻȻ绹Ҫ֣Ǳʷ㵭裬ڱԾȻֽ֣չϸҶ¶Ƶġ
ҳĴ껪ʤѩüջµȴضţͤͤСҶʤ֮˵űˡ
һЦڻӽСʫһף±ʣԼ˽ԣҪϱ߸ӡŶһȻи˽
լ˸㴳룬˻ֻİѭˣû̧ͷֻ鵽ǹӰѭ죬ɶ˶ӡԼ˽ԣڵֵʱܵլʲô
ѭ̽ͷ̽Եһǰδѽ
üһܱصִˣ
ѭ첻˵صУϵ˼Сӣ¶Ҫ˵
ѭ˵ţߵߣһǸͼϲǽջģȻҲҲô񡣽㣬⸱͸Ұɣ
һۣЦصƦҲҪӹˣϲȥԼ㻹ô
ѭ조һǱīѸɣæ鷿ڱлͲܵϲҲԻϲȡһ֧Ͳװϡ
ѭĵҶʷĴլոã֪Щʲôò֣ЩûôǮͼǾͲǮܺˣҽĻܺãɡ
ѭͲŵڣȻȥˡ˵ҲŴӦȥҡҡͷʧЦװŪģⲻСʲôˡ
ѭӽ鷿ٻǰȥոתŶӭ˻硣ȷǻ˺լֻȥһǡѭ졣ѭһ磬ӭȥСҶʷ֪ҿĳˡ
翴ڵܣϸո¶һ˿Цģһ⻰ɫһæ֪㿪ĳˣ


34 ̫õĽ
ѭҡͷǵûУֻ֪ҸĳǱЩϸ鲢ȻҶ˵ֻǰѣˣȰҿĳܹ鲻Ǻ£ǧҪɳ캦
˷˿ǾͺãֻǷĳЩµģԺСЩҪʱͷ¶棬ǷͷǣĪ̫
ѭͷף֪һҲý
̾Ҳ֪׹󰡣⻰˵ȴһ㲻١Ҳûа취Ųò²ߡѭţ㻹ǵĲųɡ
ѭĬĬص˵ͷʡãĺˡ
ѭ뿪ıӰ糤̾˿
ǰǸ¶ة棬ȻЩÿأҲС
ة̨󣬻ûȡةȨǳ˴ȨֵζǣжȨǳеȻˣҪԼһĸҪصĸߣ͵ø㹻ĺô˼ƾʲôЧ
Ҫֻ֪͢ԱнٺģΪƷ֪أÿµٺ»ʯ롣Ǯǿ֪طĸѾˣΪһµأĸҪǮЩ˵ٺȫ֪ش˷ţ˭ĸԸɻ
ϸʦүɣηɣɣѾɣ˵ͷһѵĳ棬ҪЩ
Щ水ȼշֱΪүүүүҲǿŵģġиǩүҲǩѺ︺ĥīġŻһȺү󡱡ֵáӡȵȡЩֻ֪ǩѺİ칫ԱҪŰЩĸĿҲð·нٺ
Ȼ˵Щڹٸ֣Щô˼ƾԼġ̫үǶһٺҪǷбĹԱԸ֧Ǯô˵ЩĻģ
ӹةȨ֪һӡҲôõģ˼ҸƱصһЩʵݡǮ·رأܵةЮƣЩТҲôһǮŵ
ķһǶĲȴǹٷһֱֹģ˵ʵ¸ضķҲͨţϲµġһ͢Ѫ䲼һ˵ϽĲǾ͵ùŴݱܷͷ
Ϊ֪أȴҪĲȻҪСġ½ȫģֻнԼСȥž׵ѭǱزͷƾҲطϵЩС߳ӵҡ
ѭ˻󣬺ˬؾʹӦˡ֪Ҳף⼸úңСҲֱͦ˶һ׽㣬Ȼ˻磬Ǿһˡ˵ܣɶͦշģʱŷǻ˭
ֻ±Ͼù⣬ԽҶСһ㣬ѭЩŻšͻ˵µȥʱȴҲ˳˼ȻҶСֻǷĳպôѵ¶֪Ļϰ塣
ҶСһϵҶСҲ鷳ֻҪԺСһЩ̫ҡҲˡ֪ԽʱԽ¶ܿҪ׮ͷˡ

ձɽҶСѺȵζѵĲ豭ԱһƣϾһ߹Ȼ豭Ϊʷϴȥˡ
ҶСӸ컹ǶëװģЦãҶɢ˰ɡ
Цտ׷ʷ˵𣬿һ˵ŻһǶĥʰ޶ûһ߳ȥ
ҶСҲǵ²ˣȻǵ΢΢һЦ߳ţǰŸȥΰʺȻһ죬ſڷӵ
̫ɽϣĴլɽϣǶȥ̫棬Ʒһ̫ʳѼһɰ
ҶСõֵӽϰˣ𵱳εȻµ⣬춼þȣʹľе̫ˡ
ֻ࣬ٺЩ档ǰεɫ£һЩˣ˿ɫ£ӿǰ붼ġ
̧ͷɽһƴҶСһů֪̫Ϊ׼ˡ
ҶСӣڸۡӴ󣬹Ӷ˾͹ʮˣʳЩͽܴţҲչ˵ôƮ̣Ȼ⼸̫ͣΪ
ҶСǰ֪̫þȻٲȻҶڹܼԾˣûŮˣҶСʳԴعñ˲֡
˵ҶСÿõֵ̫࣬ÿͱһ˵Ϊ壬綼ɽ⣬ҶСȴĵʵϲһͶٶҶС콥Ҳζ
һװοɰഺϢСŮÿճ빫ţҲ˳Ϊһķ羰졢òۣݵʱͶһֻʢ˷Ĵ룬࣬Ϊ˿̫ʳдǰӯ߹ϵһ·öƷСҡҷһ·羰Իɫ͡
̫ҶﵥһԺۡ﷿乻࣬ԺҲ󣬺ܶ෿Ӷţ˾סԴܹԾӵ̫õĴȻˮǴߣҪ֪Щ˼ұҶûʸһԺء
̫ӵԺ䣬ѾͷʹͬʱԺҲԼһС̫ùӦҶСһͣʳ¯ġ
˿̣һѾͷǰջ̫ϵһɫ黨Χȹܶ¶һ˫ֱۣˮĿıϣȻҿ翪ʼ׼ˣôడ
̫һֳһѷĵһֱץôһȡ
ۣôһһ󲹣̫ðһϿĵһѩĲ˵һȥǸ˶ţ޾±նΪˡ
ޡ¹ޡţޡޡޡ
Ҷ磡Ҷ磡Ҷ磡
̫䣬ѸٱһѲɱʶ顣
֥Ρءơ|˿ӡء
̫ѾͷһظҶСˣؾץһϡ
޽̫ץһѣˣСϻرԹ˵Щأһ޽Ŷˡһţһ߰Ѷץ޽ַŻعС
ʮ׼ȫʱˮƯϴı޿͹֣ˮٽٶˮȥѪĭˮƯϴһȥζȻһԶװɰкĳĻһɴϱ㶪˽ȥ
̫ÿֵһ֣ɷ


35 ̫
ҶСʩʩȻԺ̬ȻʤͥŲ
ÿլҶСһֺرĸоҵլӣҲǮؾȥЩַھӶƣҶҶСдϢء
ʷĹְеĵλȡ֮ߵĲƱһԶͽƸȨȻһУҶС첻Щֵֻ̬ĵĻһ£Ȼһᱻһġ
һޢ껪СѾͷһֻװ·ľӲбı߳ﻹɽȻҶС죬һæվסŲү
ӸҶСѡСѾ֮һʷ˼ҪˣӸҲΪҶСѡĶ˳ü˳ۡ鶮Ҽ׵ˣСѾͷ¶ΪɣϲҶС찲ںլ¡
ҶСһ϶үӣֺ΢Цŵͷ˫֣Űүǰȥ¶ҶС߹ȥˣͷݵС·ֻǲˣǸҥҲҳˡ
ҶС챳֣һҡţŤͷһƣǡ¶ϴ橶еıӰ
ϸϸС֫ʹһ´ǳǳɵϵţһʤµģĵߣСƨɻûأխխģ˶˼֣û͹ԳŮԵ
ҶСǿڶСƨɣȻЩԳһǵ˷ļڣϸ룬ҶʮѽûأӨӨٲ㣬²Ϊˡ
ҶС뵽ļΪӨӨµϰüͷһĺĿգС磬˰
̫ûϲӭϵ嶣һ죬ȴһҲ˾ӣϲḶ̌ҲöҶСͷңңأôû
̫úȻƵҶС󣬰ȥۣ˵ңңأȰϢһҲ
ҶСҡͷʧЦСѾͷǺѧˣëأûȴҲϡ
̫ðӹ¼ϣһѩ׵ë佣šɵݸҶС죬Ȼķ·һλСӣĻЦѽƷɸŶɽˡ
ҶС조Ŷһɽˣ
̫õǰ˵ۿž͵ˣøϽץЩϡеĳӻôţԱƣҪ׽ϡеĶ棬͵ɽߣˡ
ҶСƷɸȥҲϡ棬ֻë³ӣϸȥɽ
̫õë쿴ϹĵЩӣϰ˰ɡ
ҶСͷҲǣȻͲˡҶСʱëûп̫Ƥģ
ʵɽ׸ģƣëó³ӵӣô׸ĵģƷɲĶһɽԸȥˣëȴͬУʱڻ԰ɹ̫
̫ôһöȥ˵ë磬Ҫɽ㲻ȥô
ëǱů̫ɹ˯Ƿص˭ҪͷɽţֱǻɲȥͰ翴ҡ
̫ŷңĿתʵë磬治ȥ𣿡
һٶ۵ëͻȻۣͼ̫Ц˿˿ģһ˫۾գĵģ֪ôģһɺʹĽŵװವһ´ܵͷҡ
̫Цë粻ȥͲȥɣ㣬С㣬鷳ëȥȡһºòã

ëһ㡱ֽһҪɽҪɽɽϣȵҡëǾ񱻶Ƶģһߺţһ׷ŶͻƷȥˡ
ӹȻˣɽȻ࣬ȴ̫ÿ£ëǶ̫ÿµ˹
ҶСȻ֪ι£˵ëǱڿˣͦˡ棬ëݸ̫ãЦȥңңѧǺõģССͣȴҲֲָ̫࣬״Ԫ
̫صţ˼Ϊ׼ţһͿ
ҶС߽鷿ͼңңڰһһд֡
ңңմѾˣϷ˼ҵĹʮͼϱ߰Ѿǰˣңңȴ彿Сűʵ仹СЩ
ڰдֺܳƨɵµӡһͷ˫ٵСһܱǰƴѩСҪëʣһһд֣رɴɰ
ҶС쿴ӿһɸְů⡣ԴӰӾҴĳϦദΪҶСѾԼˡŲ߹ȥһֱߵңңߣרĵңңûз
ҶСסһһдֱ֣һƪдˣЦҼңңùԣдô档һڳԲɸӣʶҲ͵ɣɱ۾ۻˡ
С磡ңңžҶС࣬ϲһܣϻϣҶС죬ҶСһѽڻ
С磬ʲôʱѽңң§ҶСĲӻϲص
ҶСѾһˣҼңңô棬ɲҴ㡣
ңңò˼ˣߵͷҶС챧ߣǳԷȥңңֻϣܶʶ֣֪Ĺֲָȥ״Ԫôùġ
ôɣ˼Ҫ飬ҪúöңңҶСлϲȴСѾͷǵС˼
ԭңңǰˮʶһЩ֣֪һ㣬һʼһЩ򵥵ʱңңһͻдǽϲòˣ˾ͿͺӴϻ쳣Ǹͯ
ⷬޣɰСѾͷĻˣȴҲѹ̵ԽԽ࣬ԽԽӣЩǰûѧΪ˲ʧرùһطϰر֤ڶϿʱܼǵá
õĵӣֻϧǸŮȻѧˣҲ޷٣δΪźңң˵˽ȴǸ˼Ŭء
ңңϴֳԷ
ҶС챧ңң̫ѾһӵĲˣڷַ꣬ңңشӦһҶС컳ﻬϣܵϴԹɵؾ֡
ҶСᵽһŨζѭζһЦںϰˣͦģЩǾȵءңңҪʳҲһɡ
𡭡
̫üæֹһҶСֵæ͵ŶƵҩ˽ҿɲ˺ȵģҪȻϵĺëˣСƵġ
ңңͲһҪСӣǶѿϽСԴҡø˹ƵġҶСȻԭˣŮȷʵвͬҾһ˺
ҶСȴЮһڣҧڿУ޵Ϊ㣬ÿĶǽͷԣнͷɱóԶˡ˵ţҶСһ
̫ÿһ˫۾Цеģö㹳һҡͷβģҪϹƵģЦú𡭡


36 ҹèӽլ
԰ңңҶСһ죬Ҫ鷿飬ҶСסˣСѾͷܲģССϰԶҶСֻ˻£СƢͲӰ
ȵСѾͷô˹ǷҶСط˯ˡ¶ھңңѾͷΪңңͻС¶˯ͺңң˯ͬһ䷿Աϡ
ҶСңң¶㷵Լķ䣬̫Ѿ˵ƣڵ£һ̫ñȻһЦС磬Ҹ̴һˣЪ˰ɡ
ҶСش̫ñ橵߹ȥΪ̴
ҶС˱ˣһͷͻȻͷһȣѪӿ̫ôɫĵ㣬ءΣķװԹϣǵߣǸ˼˶ȻĶ
̫ٯ˺϶ȵӹϣʵĻԲζΪſƸλԲ̴ĶһһĿ΢΢ιʵ֮
ҶСոպһ裬ȴһҾƣС·һ¯һǽƲȻ𣬺ݺݳСϡ
ҶС˿ĭʹ߽ȥһ߽ˣֻԲǰɼԲ̣֣ͦôһԲԲߣΪֻŮʱ¶ǡ
̫ôʱɲ֪ҶСѾߵϸĵΪҶСű죬źԼɷ򣬵̺ñ齱ʱҶСֱضǻԲ̵ͦڣһУ䳡ļ֣ŵԲԲļУδңĿȴǰĴΡ
̫ͻȻҶС̫áѽһ㶥ϣҶС조顱һ£ǸһޣһԵо̼Ǵʧ
ҶСϢݣ͵ſ˫ۣҪȥ֪̫þܾҲСĵǾˣүүλյĹүү
ҶС춸Ȼһ־Ȼսʤ̫ÿɲ֪ڷţҪ󹦸ɡϧȴյǸ˵˺£ʱһܳȥȰеĹһԶǸյĻ쵰˵ˡ
̫ȻײҶСϣȻһˬʴ󷽣ôҹ֮УǲЩɬſһǽΣ̫վ齱ߣҶС죬ҶСѾתſڣ
ſ˵ǰүС˶˵Ѿ˯ˣλչүƫ˵ʮֽ£Ҫүһ档
ãյĹүҹʱҶС죬ѭ컹˭ѭʱǰҪ£ҶСȫӦűȥš
ʵűûţĸŴ룬ҶԼң̫ọ̀Ӻ͸ĸҶиѰ˸ĸĸӼÿ춼˵Ǵ˼ҹض࣬ǧҪϧѵõĻѭ浸صĺܡ
ۼҶСų̫á㡱ظں棬ҲΪ档̫òޣһģҪǲһ𣬵Ҫ˲ǵǷʲôˡ
ҶС켱ʵղںδ
ϽСıȣ˵нҪ£һҪүСʹˣڿš
ҶС׶̫õȥ
̫ôӦһǽ¼ժҶСۣҴҴãҶС㱼˿
ѭֻȹϵϣתһҶСʻ˫ϥһ䣬߲һڵأסҶСĴȣʷң˾ң
ҶС⸱ԣǺǺЦҹģֵһϷôҶСոձĻûصл˵ƨͷţ
ѭɥˣְֳˣˣǧҪֵһѣҪǲңҾû˻·
ҶСɫһ䣬æһͷվſڣ⻰Ҳæͺȵ£
Ŷǣ
챻ϵﶣ˼ҹض࣬ҪÿҪϹö͵Լˣ˿˲֪£аղѣֻԼǸϹˣæӦһһ˳ȥ
ҶϵӣһƽʱŷǶʱҶС컹ʲôȴûԶֻԺšҶСҲ˲ýѭ𼱣ԭԭظҡ
ѭȻѾضҶС˵һ顣ԭѭȥĵ¶ĳӣǡǷծ
ĳҶСʱ󸹬Էʵǰöү챻зáҩӡͣ˺֮࣬ҲģֻʱģС
ԴհͷһļϣɽķʽҳԽԽķѾȡ潣˷׬ǮĲҵ
ϣиǷ´ʶծ߳ŭ˵ӮǶķǧֳֵҪˣѭȻܲܣǸȨķӵġ
ѭһƤӭȥһȻϵãǰΪͩͷŸصǸͥ
ͥ˵ƣ¸ǣܵķǮ벻ûӮǮ⣬߳ŭ֮Ƿ࣬㷢
ѭԭҪݺݽѵһ˼ǵЩͥС˼ңôҲǸˣֵˣ㣬ǱϣȢϢҲһٿ֮ˡ
Ѿ൱Ƕ˼Ҳǿ̫ģѭʩֻҪջءĳˣǧĻŻǶծȫգ˽Ըȥһ롣
˭ͥǸƵģϴӦѭЩž˱䱾ؽѭˣ̰ͥʲĳοȥʲôƽ״ӷһӮ
ѭݺݷԸһ򣡡ǼƤȥڵϹһȭߣҲ֪˭ͥҪǷֲףùһգͥѾֻгûнˡ
ѭһͬСɣںֻһľԿ绢˸ŭԣȻЩȨҲһС񣬿ɻﲻ˳˾ҿĵز
һǰʮ˶Ŵɥ£Ҫ֣ǺãӶĳͥȥаͽĿõģסˣһðͷݿĳ¶Ҫ￪ʱȥӡ
ҶСô򣿡
ѭȦһ죬¶֮ɫ촽ź˼Σȴһδ
ҶС˼֪صΪˣȻѭļ򣬻⵽£ɽȥͼúլƻͨλ֪شʱֻҲһֻȹϵϡ
ѭ׷ɥˣְʵǲ֪ôˣֻ˾ҡ
ҶСҪشͻȻĿһԶˡѭ˳ĿһͼسǶϽһ۵÷ƶɵĵɥ


37 
ҶСʵҾסڳǶϣ
ѭǡǡ
ҶСֵѾ֪ͥˣ
ѭӦðɣҡǰͥšжͽ֪
ҶСüͷһ壬Һţٸˣ͸ҹ£
ѭڨڨصˣҡǲͷɵʱȴ֪صƱˣԡ
ҶСȻƬ̵£ǽ˵֮˰ɣ
ѭҧҿ˵ȫң
ҶСһֻ£һִˣûǸ±㡣ε⺷ֲǲ
ѭҧһ£ʵǺ޵˼㣬ȴҲ޻˵
ҶС켱˼Ƭ̣£ûйϵ
ѭͷһһɣ뵽׽㣬ûУѬģš
ҶС̾˿
ѭ켱æż⣬յҶСߣҶС˵˼仰ѭȻӦ
ҶСһЦڡҲģͷֻҪƵס㹻ĺôǰ֮أ²Ϊ
ѭҧҧãһЩԼаʮȫ
ҶСʮֻθڡ
ѭԥһ£ҧҧɣһа취ȥ죡
ѭ˵βߣ߳ûͻתҶС򵹣ʵѼ飡˵Ķݣְûݲ
ѭ˵꣬ҲƵɽ±ȥ
ҶСıӰüͷص粻ǣУ㿪ŶĳȻֻаʮĻ
ҶС仹˻ǮԵɣѾΪˡ󸹬ԷķĻ󶫼ңһ˼⣬Ҳ첽߳ã
ԺæϽ׹صү
ҶСյɽ
ӦһϽȥյƣǰҶСɽ
ҶС켱УƬ̣ͻȻ˵ǰնǸͥҹˣ
һһãȻ̶һԵϲ⡣
һ飬ҶСѾߵǰ棬ӦϽǰΪҶСƵƣŵһ˼֡

Ҽʮߦȡìľڸã׳귭դʰ鳱㡰̡ͬʱٷһѣѹƣүֹ
ֵҹĲۣջѵؿţûˣȱЩ˸ΧһۼƲϽһ̶ظȥլˡ
լ棬ͷĥ¿ԭȦӣͣشתתƵĺ룬ʱʱһۡ
ʱһѾ˽ѾǱѵģŻŸϵԻʩүǰҹԩЩȺڣ߲ƣүϽȥǰôá
۾ŭдҹģǲϹأǻǿòɣȥнҹֵ޵Ĳ۶ȥ˭Ҵҹ򽫳ȥ
СѾŻܣֽеǺţ˵ظ֮ȥ
СѾ뿪󣬻濴һۣ̾һֽƵضȦӡƬ̣Ŵ漱˳
ŷ˴˿̵ģǹƵģһϮɴ˯£ǹ뷿ֻ֮ɷܼĴ磬ΪǰѾ˯ˣγһͷƵ㷢ɢڼͷƽġ
ֻ𴲣ΧӶûƽرܹıش˿̾ͷţ鹵ݣһĨѩ˪ѩףճһ۾ĶǵĻߣʱӿ
ʱϾӵķ飬ӭȥѾˣ
ŵͷո뿪ʲô£
ɬȻ⡭һʱΣȴҲ˵
һ˫Ŀɻ󣬵ôӣô֪
յصˣΪ˿飬ͲҪˡ
ֹȻһƣƬ̹򣬴ϾȻݣߵĻʱ˻ȥеɻȴǸŨˣֵܣѭҲ𸴣ɷ͵ܾܵʲô
ߣָ㣿ηǱӰɣ
Īȴ֪ǰһָҶС죬һָȴѭ졣
ѭҴɽ֧ѳǰȸϵãֱӴӺŶȥҲˡ
ʱڿﳤ̾˯⣬ѭ˻ϵ򣬿ȡӣұô·粨𡣡
ţͿһˣ±ʵɱʱӰͼΣͨ£ֲᡢ粻ģӵĶȥ
ѭŭܣȴҲǺ޵ɫ޵֮ˣģҿţ㣡
ڨڨصʲôҡ㵣Ϊȥˣһܹ㣬ҵˣ㻹к˿̡
ѭصǾͶлˡҸոյõҶʷָ㣬ô֣¶ܴ»СС»ˡֻȷӡ
ȻмҶС죬һֱҶСƶˣһ⻰ʱ˫һæʲô⣿
ѭʱʱϸ˵ѾֱˣȡӸңһˣƬ̣Ȼ㡭
ѭѹԻ缱һŰɣȴҲֻհ죬ǡڴʱѵŸҲ˲ϸ˵ԿףȥȡӸѭ졣
ĪǼɷ͵ܵܶһƲģ֪ʱ˷ʣæȥȡӡڻһңƽҲȥԿ׶ɻţȴ֪ﾹȻһһɵܴܵߴȴҲҵϽӰýѭ졣
ʵᣬѭֵʱ䣬ֽкլڷ˸ǣһͷӣӣŲմص뿪ˡ
լŷ񼣬ĵǰҲſڡ
Ҳ٣ȴֻƽͷգӲǲҵģȻѭûƱˣץ˵ĻЩƤķһеǲ£ռЩһǿãǾͱס˰ѱ
ǲҴãȴߴСУ벻ѣҹ֮УСеģһʱΧգһЩŵƿ֡
һаΧۣ׳ˣߣѸſڵ˲¥һ㣬Щֵ޵Ĳˮ߬ŵǰȴҲҺֹø̼ǡ
˫ּ䣬֪ڡͣǿ򶨵شӺլ˳


38 Խ
үݵྲྲ
ǰֲݣϺв۴һյֹٵͷǰ·̫үڴ룬ǿ׳Ĳ커ݵش߳
֪үˣ
ǰʱջδ̫үݣʱšڽվɫǿϵȵ񣬺ôĵҹۼǰΪ
°Ƭ̣˵Ӫ΢΢ɧһ󣬱㹫һǰ𻰣ǼЩ棬˵Ҳ󷽵壬кȴֻꡣ
ߵ£Ľףүֶͥڡ󸹬ԷƣղͷһȺƤץˡղͷûľƱֲĹˣȴְȨˣҵȽҹүΪֹġ
Ŷ
һۣһ֪ηԭ԰˿ղͷץͥʱΣ
籾˲ڳȥ㹻ʱ䣬ȴ˱ˣʱҲǮͥһ£Ͼ͸ϻȥˡ
ʱһ֪үѯʣæҲǰ£ߵͷԾأүͷβԻ˵һ顣
ʱ·ѾˣڲĲһ£ͥζֻСһ׮ɹΪķǾȨı˽Ĵˣ˳ˮͳȥ֪شүҲǵʡλ֪شүʶ࣬ǾͰѭҲҧʱ˭ѿ
ʮϸһЩϸ֦ĩҲ䷳׷֤һɿĽ׺Ծأȶˡòײʰվȴ赭дص£ģԣȴǲͬ
Ľ׳ӵ˻үʾ£֪ͥ˺
ȣ
ɤӣͻȻɢһ˵ȣǰ򣬴˵˵
˵תߣЩҹֵĺ°նԴ˽Ȼ˲֪ΪҲǹ벻ݣЩòǳ⣺ྲྲүֻǻ˵ٸҹ룬ҹɢ
˵ô˵ҲδĹӣĽ׼ʶ㣬Ĵ󣬱һԾأŻš
δϴãֻǰһǩѺ֮һ±ܣԸ֪ؿƿй¶ϳͣ
Ľ׺ͥۼ̫ү̬ȻĪͥķʲôӣ
ǰЩʱգԱɨһ˵ʱ͵õϢ˽ͨˣΪǴϢһĵ䱻ˣǵȴԱղͷвá
ЩӣղͷѾ½һЩˣȴһһųǵɡղͷ˵µиͥشɣһˡ
˵Ľ׺ԾȻɫ䣬ͨ˵ͥ˵ɱͷĴʵϼ嶼Ҫܵǣ
Ľ̹Ȼˣ㷲صүͥһ򰲷ء
˻ˣƽػû˵꣡
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Ƿ֪ͥȷʵԩȻ޶˼֤ԩ֮ղͷԻȻͷš˭ģȴɵˡ
Ľ׺Ծ˲ڳ嶯˼⣬ɣٺú룬ͥȷɽߣ˽ղͷһ¡Ұ˻ȥ޶¡
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ΨΨǣ˳ȥ
ѭ˵İ취һҹȻϢ֮ƣɰϲһţȻסǡҶС쵹Щš
һ棬ȴ֪ҶСַǲͷƽҡײƭϵĹü
۰Ͱ͵⣬˺ö˶˵شʱ˿׷Χ£
˱Ƥӭ˲ϵѯһԲ𣬴ҴҸϵڳбݡǰ˱ܿŰѻ֪صĽǳС˵һ顣
ǸҲĽױ˵λˣͥ˾ߣʵһᡣҶȥ£һʹȥһذɡ
и̲סʵĽ壬̫үǾ˵ЩʲôͥΪαץǵ˵װ
λгǳ죡Ľأȶô˵ȻĵҶȥɣʲô£Ľȥȫȥ
λүһڣЩ飬±㽻ͷӶɢȥˡĽ׺Ծǰ˷׷ɢȥ󣬱˸ǸΡ
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رͲ󣬴һȥҲֵľ룬ܿǾ˴Σǹμˣ鿴˵ƺ󣬱ǽ˴Σһͬ
ǰвһͥԺǰȻһ߳ȽΪҹ˾п˳һæγΪǴ·Ҳγװģؾеãˣ
˿첽ǰӭȥĽ׺ԾЩţȴ˴·ֻӲͷƤǰܡ
ǰһתһһֱߣǰ治һأȻһ䣬ʱͼǰǽϵ⽣ӰѣԼɱϵƻӰӳǽϡ
ǰǶǽӰŤϣϻһˣȴѰյıۣżƺѾˣԱ߻һˣһŤһ
ͬĽ׺ԾظٵȥԾֻѰգĽȻЩ棬ļԽ£սսվסҲҽҲˡ
ѭ챧һʬ壬ץʬֻشŤɱ״Ȼ˹ӵʬһͨҶ磬ѪһԾֻһʪһĨȫǽѪŵһ˹ȥ
ѭ찵˿Ͻʬһ˦󺰵죡Խȥæ
ˡˡǸԽȥĽ׶߶µվţͼǽɱӰңΪļ룬ѸٽսǽվӰǴñģ˿ֱʱŷֿʪģŵ˿ӡ


39 Դϲ
ѭˣ
ͷһڿˣ
εˣ
Ľ׺ԾƽͷҲˣ
ѭܵһͥʵʱͻͼԽεֹǰɹֹһӣٶΪ˼䡣
ͷһڿԽ¼ʱ侲ѸӦԣ¸սѸײڶ֮ƣϽͼԽУ̬Ľһ񻯡
ιɵʷᣬԥؼսڹؼʱЭشεĿƽϢ̬ѫ
Ľ׺ԾǰЭʱǡԽǳŹңЭٸͽԾͽһϴԴΣڵϦղͷưյĿģ£סںشθİն֤ۿԾ뿪ʱѪ
ԾصĽף޸֮Ҳη߼֪ͨķֹѣ½ƣ͸¡סںشθסİҲ֤Ľ뿪ʱ·°ڻʪġ
Ϊز졢ͭʸ빦Ϊưյ¼Ҳȥڻûеõͭʸ캱ʾ֮ǰ׸̽ңɺش˺Ա⿶һʾ㡣
׮ԽĽνԴϲһĻϲ֮Уи˱ʶؾͺԵˣ˾ͥ
ͥΪͨ˱ѭղͷѶʣǡԽһľԴϣԽѣһغͥ޶ȻڹٸĽѧԱ峤ѹٸνһֳĸʮְ֪ʾͭʸʾȥĸӸ˰Ǯ֮ǱĬĬؽһʵ
֮ͭʸʾˣν˻֪һйԱԹٵֱ˾ҶʷҶʷֱ˾ةةֱ˾֪˼㡢ǹ
ʮ󣬹ʾҲˣһйԱּˣͭʸƹٴ绪֪ͭ
ʮ죬ҹ֪ؼҵĺլƻͨ
һȽ˽ܵᣬֻһҶС졣
֪ءŷˡѭַҶС쾴ƣȻûаһЩ׵عϣǸм֮Ѿڲ֮ˡ
ⳡȻңʵպЩģΪŷ˺ĵܵѭ죬ⳡ˻粻䲻ȣֻΪиڣŲòάֱϵĺ
ķ˺޵ʱ̬Ҳ΢ΣʱΪ˱һ˵ĺض˵ЩʲôǼǲҶСǰֳͣӦԵЩٶۺ䵭
ҶС˵ⳡȴջ񼫴ѭ챾ˣһ¶Ĺͬʱֱŷ˺ͻ꣬ǻ֪أڳּʶҶС֮첮ĺԽԽн̬֮ʹ˼ʹھǰӣɼҶСѺദ
һҹϣڲźۼıｻ֮УҶСͻѴ˹ʶһ쿪ʼǵĹϵ˱ʵı仯ϼ޻ʵȨյĺԾȨӲĶة޽ԼϵһֻҲѡ˺صүҶС죬˽ͬˣݷ
Ǻ첮ĴһӵģҶСһֱΪѣվȻݻһ־棬ʵǵԤϵġ
ҶС΢뿪ãǰɽ뵽ɽϽլΪ˴֪صȴ뻨֪ڲɫнͬˣɵȻʧЦ
׿ɽµã̧ͷԼլԺҹ˾ʱ̣ɽһԺȻɵƹϸһ̫õľҶС첻ɵһů֪һ̫ڵؼңΪ׼ҹмҵĸоðҶСȻؾٲɽˡ
СĿɰС̫˫ֲѾõص˵ͷӹء١ӡ۵ģȴһζҲûУԽԽˣƴʦ
̫ÿɰӣСֹߣҾͲˣôвôƯĹûһ뷨
ҶС֪ÿ϶һʹѣǰΪһʪ˱ѣΪ޾Ľ

ֽҿµƪ£ңԶľǣʱȴһ飬һԾǴ˵΢˼㣬ҶСȴٿص顣
ɨ̶֧ӣʱѾϵ˾ǣڽǵʱ˰Ѽ쳵ػʱ򣬷һЩ֮׼ȷ˵Υ֮
ϸʵѺ˻ĻҲ̫˾ĹԱרŸ˾ʦѼǵȫɡôָֻǴͨī˻йȥǶ
ǻֻǵ˰һӳһзĵͼĻȹͼƵȹӣһСټҾԴõ··ˡˣ
Ԫ谳ƵۺƶһϸķϷ⽨񷨵ƶȣڡνεȵȣͬȼݵǲܴϹ涨Ĺñ۷ͷ棬סݵĽġ
أʱʮϸʱǵҲأͿǣɱͷʱټѾЩǺ˸ҹأطкܶѾˡ
ǻŲأȴһءƷĹʱƷƷĹڴƷƷƷĹڴһҲû˷֣Ź˹Ͳˡ
һЩĹ¼ķٸҲţֻأһЩģٸҲһֻ۱һֻˡ
۷ʱҲһݣ䲻䴩ϻʽ·ǰûϵΪǸ˴ģȻѵ˵һ䣺ͼȹӣƷܴƷ٣׼˴ģĻֻû˴û˰
ҶСΪ˹ʱȹ󷽣ֵɩӻϲֺɩӣԱɩͬټǨݣôϸĹأǲģǮ
ʵҲδؾͳ£ɩĴȹӣǡһ£ϽֻҪ˾ٱҲ£첮ΪġҪѡһеҪ󣬲ϧؽͨһƣҶС˼ΥƷ֮һ·β̶ӣǽ֮ǰǰŵĹٱ˰ٸʾˡ˰ȻһţֻΥƷʵ࣬ΥƷȷʵҶС챾˵ʧ
ɡԱĴȸģģʵԪʱԱƷϹԱӡʱƷ¹٣ɷѲʷ˾ȡʡ
ҶСǵʷְȽ⣬䲻ȴٹھǣӦķѲͰ˾ڹûаѰӷعȥĵ΢ĩСİӣΪƶȵȱݣֱӳ͵˵׸žİϡ


40 ͻ
׸Ž岻ãҪ߲㣬Գ˽⣬ײš󳼲áôǷҪ£Ÿˡʾ
һʷȨ㳯ҰŽǰڴ£αźͷƼСӰ΢ȴǱŽע⵽ˡ
׸ĸۡһ鷿֮ڣһλڿ˹Ʒ׸ڰŸոһģ鷿ﾲĵģֻżʱֽŷϤ
λ˾ѧλŽһϰߣ׵ãͷйҲнϣҪ˼ǡͨղܴϵģѹУزҲǱ
֪Žһϰߣκ˶ˣⵡܱ鷿Ǽ˿գֻĵȺ
˵ŽĽ飬ǾǲʶˡʵŴ볯Ϊ٣ȴŽһԷΪһ壬ٵĲϣʹ˾˴;
һˣŽǰ̣ܲޣʵǺŽˣλ׸Ȩ£ʵǰսսη縸κε
ԶŽۣգ̹ȻϣԵĳһֱΪ٣Ϊĳ֪֮ĳ֮ѧȻھ÷ȴóֻ𩾭ѧʡ
һԺƯˣһӾͻΪŽ۲ûгΪ۵㣬ؽȡλΪһѧ壬ʿֵ
Ž˵º󣬶ؽҲΪ͡Ž굱ն۱Ͳʲô˳ɼֻǾߡѧ䲩÷ȴûôֻʺֽѣоѧʣ˺øУӽ֮£ΪѾǱȻˡ
Ž겢δ뵽λΪһۣѾǡʵϣڳҰѲ֪ж٣ֻٺޣҲֵֻܱöŽޱȾޱ磬ȻȻ£õĳ޾ұ¶һ˿һ
ƣһССʷȻԣԽ˹ʹ֮
Ž꿴ҶСǷݹģüͷȵõѣҶСģԱڹ֮ʱһ֮һ⻰²豭Цʵִ̫࣬һʷС鶼Ҫô
Ž˴ЩرԲ͵ĳǰ
ŽҶС¶Դȼ˵˼䣬ֵͷȥģ˼⴦Ȼ״ᡰһҶС죬ԭѽǾѹˡ
Ž⻰Ȼ̧ͷôȻʶˣ
̩Ȼĳʱǡˡ˲ѧһƦֻģֺ̧֪ͭٱΪţҡһ䣬ʹ˳˶ˣʿ֮֮ܰ󡭡
Ȱź͸¶ҶСںصһЩٶ˵ɹطżϹ١ӪլͼӴһŽ겪Ȼŭд£ڣѹٸˣӲɣ
úε̫ŻѪ꣬Ҵ̫ĿľӪ֮£Ǻ庣̡ʡֻǻЩƫƧڣ·СϢֻ֪˾֪͢ŻҶСֹ̥
ŽɫǧɽɽҴҲ÷Ҵ̻
룬дʾҶСҩµض豭Ȳ裬۽΢΢ţŽɫʾв΢΢ӹһ˿֮ɫ

ү磬˼һꡣ
Ȼʵ۸ʵ۵ŽһױʾطԱǸηӦ
һҲƵس۽վոճվƥȻһ͵ڵأϵǰһġ䡱֣С죬ǰ˰;κκ̡
սȻ£ϵ͵һɵرսĲѹ˼£ȴ˫վ
վһſģѴӭϣǵȻϵǰ˰䣬վûпľ챨ϼ˽
ɳƵɤ
ǸͬصֵܣܻǿҲԲ˰»ȥֻٳȥûҪˡ
һ˵ͨҲԻˣƵһվϢʮ𼱵ľ䣬Ǿ˲ţŲˣ⽻طվˡ
˼ɬ˸ʵĶ촽ѣûĭʣԱиˮңҲӣǳصˣҡҪȥá
ã֪һ׮°ȻһүƳＸ䣬֪ضʱ󾪣Ѻ˵겻±㼱뿪ˡ
棬ǸббذϣһҴҶ룬һһƷӡĹۣվժһֱİȡһˮӡͲ˫ֳʸ硣
缱ӹͲضҴƵ󣬼Ѻӡ󣬱òֽǷڻȡһݹչݹһʱɫ䡣
δݹǰʵЩ֣ȼ䣬ֻǸطı͢Ҫѹһʱ䲻֪᲻꼰أҲָ֪͢ʲôʹ򿪹һþҶС췸˰ӡ
ҶС첻ܷʲôӣǸС٣Ҫð˰촫δ̫ҲСˣԿʱЩΪȻɽٿȻǵ׸Žױϳʾʱľˡ
ݹǳ͢䱨׸ױʾ·ϣⶼĦӭһֱ֣ܹ׸ǿҪôǴ񼫣ֱҪôð׸˵ʲô׾ѣǵ׸ŭôùǱɵˡ
ʱٳʲô⣬ηǱӣ˭е׸˵֮ŭԳ͢δҶСʹûطдĦ⣬еشˡ
ֱ̲ģϽ˽⵽ͼӴ׵һָʾ˹ҶС
ԱȺϣ޽֮ǰǲܾвģֻڼҺΣڴڼٺ»ҲǲͣģϾָ̲ʾȴǣҶСͶΣܿܣݣһʡ
ŵͷͻͻҲ˼ȥʵ֪ҶС쾿ʲô£Ȼɵ׸ʾʣϾ̲Ĺ϶Դɲ꣬ʵ޴Ӵ⡣
ȻϴѾҶСͬˣԶԿةͱˣ£ܿġ
ֺ֣գɺţһȥҹʱֻҪΨܿձٵĹˣ
簵һվԸԴȥץҶС죬ûɵصˣة˵ʮ𼱴ҪԸ
Ƭ̹첮ãֵؿһ۰̱ϣ·˵Ǹһۣ繰ֵ֪˺٣
Ƿݹһݣ
첮Ľֻ֣бϲüңгӣһ⣬ܽҶС


41 
첮Ĵˣֺ߽ʷǩѺʱҶС˫ְϥĿ⾼صſڣȣ⡣
ҶСҲԼôˣÿ춼зйľڽʱ۾᲻ԾظƯŮ˴תȻ˵ĽѾһˣܾЩͬƽ
иռ﷢һ׮˾·ɷǰ˼ңײһ˿ҵϰ⺺һŭ֮£Ǽ򵱳
ҶС˳˼￱ֳ̽ʱƼмɫɷһٱ޴ضݽǿۼǰ׻ӣ͹µߣ徹Ȼŭܡ
ڳۿҶСѵǰݣʮ㣬δֳҪȻҪɨأ澡ʧˡ
ҶСδɵ̫ÿҸȵ⣬ֻΪԼѾĳйʢ¡
Ϊѭӹһ٣ѭĸԸһʱ磬ÿҶС춼ǷǵΪɫĻھ˺֮ʻȥ¥ÿξ֮ѭ춼ǹɽҶСʧ
ҶСʱҼ֣Ϊʲôأǰѭȥɫʱܹѵɡ˵Ըˣȥƫƫһ漰⣬СЩۣݡ
ͷǷŸɫĴԴϴʧȥԿ´ڿʼ˶ˣ˱Ҳ˺ͿһԵ
ҶС첻Ƕ̫ûй˼ֻһҪλӣ͵øΡҶС·ӨӨǱ߲أǸҪи˵иݵ¶òҪǣļҵȻ
ҶС˫ְϥſƴתעɿ֮ﻹԵ޹ʱЩԾԾ̧ͷ֮ƣҶС찵԰գҪҪմƲٺӣ͵͵ȥһ̻ʹ˽ҵĴ֮أ
뵽Ϳ첮Ĵ˽
˹İ࣬Ŷˣôһеӣһǳ뻨ͣûա٣Ҫȥˣû׼ء
ҶС¥ǡײ첮Ĺش߳ģ͡һЦ˳첮ļҶСЦҲЦøˡ
첮վӣҶС칰˹֣ЦصҶʷ
ҶС˹֣֪ة˴ݹ٣кָ̣ȴǰԲɣǸ꣬ǲġ
첮ɫһȻҶʷ·ˣ
Ƽʷ˽ǩѺһվ仰ҶСҲһȻʲô·ˣ
첮ȻҶСʲô£ֻϾ̲Ĺȴɲ꣬ȻҶС֪Լİ飬Цһʲô·ˣӦúܡ˼Ͼ̲֮ѺҶС죬ˣץ
첮Ĵļ˶µĲۣȱѵ㣬ǰһϾҪҶС쾱ףҶСһɫŭ첮ģʲô
첮İȵܲɣ
ҶСƳ첮һŵɱͷͻȻһݣɣֻҪ˵һ֣첮ľ͸Ķ֣ɱ¡
ҶС룺ʲô·ˣģĶɱҵɱһ͢٣к̣
ʱǰôסҶС죬ҶСվŲ˽Լסˣ첮һҶС־ܣаź˵Ҳȴǲˡ
첮תһ룬ҶСӼѾ׸ţԽΥ¶ǿɴСҪϰһ죬һֽѵ⡣
׸ôٶȻҪϰҶСˣ˵ҶСվһһԼĽǲüǰӡҲɱȵߣ

ҶС챻ץϢҶɽׯɽׯʱһš
һŷﴹ̾ϢȸүۣȻȫҵĴͶ˴ֻ̿һ뿪ҶСôһҽָ˭ڷꡣ
ȴһˡɽץ඾棬һ׼׵ҶСûƣһҶС챻ץ϶˵õһ޹Ƴߡ
ëãȻϣȥ
۾ͷż米һЦȥξߣ
̫Ѿ˼ҶСۿСЩˣÿÿǸԵĿţϲ
ۿСҪˣϵòͽ𵶲棬׼ˣ⼴ڵСȴ첮ȥˣǿ벻̣һԣ̫γ絶ɴصҸһȥ
Ƕվס
Ʒһȣס˶Ϻ̫á
Ʒɸ˵Ǽʲôڴ羿ʲô£û֮ǣôһȥûҲʵʱô죿
̫õô죿ǻСɽֻҪɽһأ֮ûκε
̫˵Ժһͻشϲѽһ٣ӴܵٸͨС粻òɽٲɲҪôôһ룬Ļŭš
ƷɳϣԸؽɽ֣Ӵ˲ô˵˼Ҿ춼ھǣͲǣǣ
̫һû뵽ǣСļˡ̫õʱյصǡ˵ô죿
Ʒɵ֮ߣ֮ӦŪ羿ʲô£źþж
ëͦƷɣ㲻¶棬ȥ̽Ϣ
̫ͦţҲȥ
ƷչյŶԣƽͷҲնοҴǳ͢٣ʴġǲҪżȥ̽̽ϢҪҲдʱ׼
ëǺ̫õͷӦǣֱɽ£ͷ̽Ϣȥˡ

ǣš
ʮĴ󺺣һųӣոʻţ׸ĸۡЩ󺺾űн̬Ȼ룬Ͷɱ֮ѰҲܿѵصľˡ
Ѻ˵ЩӴЩ֮װӦǸɫֻһᳵᣵʹƺصˡ
ۣɶţȻһֻӨ̽Ǵƿ̽һףѦˮ衣
ˮģڹʱ࣬ø浾ˡ˫˵۾ĴڿϤľǽͷһĨĪĸˡ֮⡣
ھʮ꣬ͯŮʱ⣬ˣС㡢ĸףС磬ʱڽͷϤľǷ⣬п
ˮ۾ϸܵס۵˼ʱˮ˫һʪˮ⣺ˣһжˡͬС㡢ĸףʱ߽Ǹˣͳͳ뿪Զ뿪ˡ
˧Ҫ͸׸ˣӦˡŮӣһ˿ҪŴϲ档ˣƮһУӽֻǲ룬ֻ׸һһС


42 Ҫ
ܰͷҿһëǣܵǽ˴С˵ҷ˺ô󾢶ϧû֪ʷ˾˺˵Ͼ̲µģпܻǣ浽һ֣ʷôܺ;Ĵϸ𡣡
ëǵҴ粻ʲô캦£
ܰͷЦ֪ʷ˵ΪһŲһʷ̰ܻߣĹְҲþǵĴϾ̲Ҳֱӹʴ£ӦɹѲʷ߰˾ųŶ԰
ëǵ۵˵˵Ҵ羿û֮գֻǶְٰûʲô
⡭
ܰͷ˰ӣë¶Ҹ˵֪شүû¡ղͷʹ֪شүҲһãȻ֪Ҷ˾ʲôֻ͢δá
ش⣬Ը̫̽һɫѿصСֵĽ飬㶼
䱧Ǹص޴磬ʵǶԲסˣة׿ڷԸҶͨİӣκ˶Ҳֻ£ة˵ķԸɲҲӡ
޲첻ص˰ɣ⻰˵˵ҲˣҲô˵棬һ죬ֻҪʲôǲģǽȥһˣֻҪ㲻˵Ҳ˵ةô֪
СҡͷҪ˲֪ǼĪΪСܻҪڷһСأة˵ˣ˭˽Ҷʷ棬ͬ۴ǶԲסˡ
̫ʱȥøҶСﲻ֪ò찵λɫɲ͵С޲֮һ˽ΣΪƾԼӿȥҶС죬˭ȴ֮⣬ˡ
޲̫صĳܣԲס̫ã߰ɡ
̫üŻƷɵķԸӲ޲뿪ǸСȻ
޲վصô
С¿̫ãЦص̫ǰɣֺ˸ÿҶʷʲôţ
޲һͲһ̫õߣ
Ҫ
СƤЦص̫ãȻҲܷȥҶʷҲҶʷʲô£ةѺҶʷʱҶʷ˵仰ҵʱԱߣֻһ䣬ȴҲҪһ䣬ҪҪ֪
̫˫һԴаĿ⣬ʵʲô
ʱ첮ץҶС죬Ѻ͵ΣҶСһηȫڵĵμڰ಻סеĵ⣬ңҶСҶʷһͷ˾㣬˵þһ죬ڵͷ˰
ҶСֱڻǶԼΪαͷˮ첮üɫģȴо±첮ĪϵҶСסƽصұĪϵ
첮Ĳȴ̲סһĴЦ
ҶС̾˿⸱ԣӦþˡ
첮ɫһڸ֮ǰ˶˵һ仰˵ڹٳϣֻˣһ˱˲ȣ뱻˲ȵľ͵ŬȥˡΪڼ̨϶ҾͻӴ˷ıˣ
첮̤һԼܵ裬ĲԳ֣ò˻һΣˣ
Сʱվηѱܿ첮һ̫ҶСһ仰ȴûҶС쵱ʱݣֻ³һ첮ĳһҾһһصл̻壬仰Ҽסˣ
첮һҶС仰͸¶ƽݣܵظоΣƵģëһ£漴ƽЦסΣ㻹лô
첮Цţ˳ȥ
̫СǾ䡰һΣˣĻѧвС˵ͷлתߣҪϻɽ뻪ƷԲߡ
ǸСٶȻס̫ãҶʷһֻڽˡةǿɥ⡣òαҶҹأһûȢϱأǰҶʲôݣҶںֻҪԸ⡭ҾȢŶҲӹһ٣п
޲һȻŭҲϲ̫ãòˣҲֻǰĽĸҰԼ͸¶֡ҶʷŸոʲô˵Ůˣ
޲ɫ࣬ӳȥСǸ˻ͷƤӽǺúýѵѵ㲻ɣ
ʲôʲôССɱȲ޲ͷĴͷ޲ͷɲǶ֣ŵˡ
޴磬ˣ̫һס޲ͷ使С磬ö޲ͷСֻ޲ͷһǣ޲ͷԹԵվסѱĺܡ
̫һתŸСЦЦصлСѣҶĴͷ˼һúÿĻ
򻨰Ƶ˫һֻ廨ɰССôҪϢ˼ң˼Ҳûʲôлģֻɰ˼Լģ͸Сһɡ
ŮҰԼĺɰ͸һˣζʲôСϲ֮£Ӷ˼֣ӹɰᵽɰɢĵԱ߻޲ͷվţһͷȥסֿ̫ˡ
޴磬߰ɡ
̫۲תС΢΢һȥ޲Ȼ͸Сһֻ˴ͷԷɵĴ㣬ģ̫ñЩ䵭

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дȫģϸһ飬ȷϲ©ʹ֣££͵ȥ
žԹĸĸǿɷǡһ޷͡Ķһ޷͡ĶԼոʵʵʵãΪһ޷ʵ˰ƸĸѸʵ˰ͳһǮ㡣
ҲžķǰѾЩطʩˣΪ֮Ч㱻ȫһԳ͢Ƿ࣬鷳͸
ĶȻɳ˽أʹǱ˰ǺܿԲߣʸת޵ũ͵軧ȥȻԳ͢˵˰ձϾǴˡ
ʱ̫дİٶִ̫Ҳİٶܼư˰ֵ̫ĴҲ֧ʮ꣬νʵž¡ԪʮʡǷǮһȴǻʵػݼˡ
⣬žǳңϾ࣬±ȽʵԶԡũ̡һΪȻΪӦũ̲أҵһЩٴ룬һʱӰ䲼
д꣬Щ֧Ųסˡص̴߲㣬Ҳʹ֡վŤŤ֫ȥ԰ߣϹܼ߽Ｘ䣬˫ַһ񵥡
žҡͷʧЦݼ̹ıֵԪȴ֪Щʲôҡչ񵥣Щ챦޽ֻ֮һɨ⣬ꡱʱ˫ȴһ
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˧ϴ͹һζꡱúЧãֻһ䣬˧ָһ̳׸΢Цŵ˵ͷĿһɨʱһϲ
±߻ᵽһᵽǮʵʣͶ·Ƿ̵࣬ȻӦʡŮ֪磬ϣ̷ϯչӣ׸˿԰Ĺ£츣ա
ŽҡͷЦԪŮϷ


43 £
ܿ죬ëǺ̫ñŸԴ̽ϢɽǴ̽ϢͬС죺ƺҶСϾҪһҪϸʲôﶼ
صȻǸ㲻ǾȰ߾ȳΣܲУ
̫õϣѾõĹƣԶԸˣ
ʮ˸ľԲ⣬ĻӵеĹƶʮҲܷŵ
̫ҡͷǼ䱸ɭϣ첮СԽҲ֪СںزֻģҲ֪ˣԴѲ˾վȸЩʿЩͳ໥ӣҿ°ˣֻΪСһ˶ĹȴֻܶԸʮˣԶԶ
ǾͻŶЩ˹ССأܵסǾȳ߲ɣ
ƷɳһǼҵ˵ҪŪڴϾʲô£ǧţŪɳ׾
ëŭѾؽΣ첮ѾŻ˵㻹ʲôѵϣ
ƷɵһоأҲǲĴ磬ﱻع꣬Ӧ类Ҳõȵնշʲôõĵġ
ëŭնɣж㲻ôɵةľˣ
Ʒɵ߿ͬʵȻͬʱľʱֻܳҪһùľǴ磬Դ統ʱðաȴͬϾ̲˭ܷŴ첮ĶøشΣȵȫǴ䣬ͲϢй¶óѱö˽̣
ëֵۣҲ˵粻ܳȻˣβȥ
ƷöͷҪ㲻ҪòãܳҪģһΪ棬ԽΣĿǰδ֪
̫ôԲǲҪˣëҲעЩƷôŴ
ë̫ã²˵ֻǵͷصܲ𣬴绹ûȢأҪˣһɾͳ׶𡣡
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Ʒûصһ۵㵱ٸɵӣֻһأһʵֻΪʱ䣬㵱ЩˣҪ˭Ը֮ǰһ
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̫þ̾ȻĹأƷǼʶ㡣
ƷҡͷЦȴҼʶ㣬ҵôġ
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Ʒ˵λֵҲ´粢첮ĹƣҪȥӶʵɱˣҲҪı󶯣οǾأһóס
ƷɵסƨðҪ֪羿˺£źþǽǴ˾ߴ̽κϢּ磬ҪȻҲãץˣܸ֪ԼΪɶ±ץİɣ
Ʒ룬ҪҲǲУֻǱܰסǣǴǳɽȥ£µ鷳ˣһˣֻѴ˳һ£ţЩԱ⣬߼̽
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¶̣ΪãƷɽˣɽҪʲô⣬жϳֻ֣ǰչá
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ߺ̫ñ㷸˺˼ơԼԺżϣ˫˼Ļŭš
ҶСȻȴûжٿ־塣ǻƷֹɱȥξˣ񶬳ԻɽСһ֮ǣҪֻǾ֮͡
Ʒ˵Ǿ䡰ȴʵʵرϡ

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̫սȭԼ˵
ٲԺߣո߳ʲôͷԸδƵСѾȥˮҪԡ

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ˮˮԼϣȻҲ·Ĩ죬ȴģȤ
λ׸ѾˣòׯϡʳȣȻ̬ݣλ˳Ӻǣȴ˼ۡ
ʵλ׸׹ˡھʱϵ˲ֻλ๫СԶ޾ݣ๫Ĵɲڶ
๫ϼڽ꣬ǵһ๫ʡףʮ̧ĴΣпңгнͯŮźٲȻһƶĺլһ·ȥ·ͲǽŲš;СԱ·⽮׷Զӭ֮⣬粻һϼԶǧ֮ľݸҲֵ
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Ӹĸ֮ݷݵؼ޸ָл磬뷨ټлʱĲ¼ɺ޳ܶɢˡҪ޸Ϊη硢һ·еҶС죬뷨Ҳĸ׵ĸҶСӨӨĶˡ
Ȼػ˾ǣฮˡó๫ʱ¶Ļϲġǡˮ۾Ȼһ̾࣬һȥұûϲ̷๫ĵǽ֮ҡΪʲôȴûа㻶ϲأ
׸ԡһѾŴԡͰۣѲݵЬ뷿УϺʢһҩǾǼ˧͵ġꡱ
Žҩ£ǡôһ׳֮һص£ĿСһȻüַͷİϻȡһֻӡ
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Ž긧ǡӡ˿ֻͷģЩʹ⣬˶ԡһʱβ֣Ů˵һȨȻǿη׸ȴҲס˰Ϸһͷ
һѾӦһողңŽȻסӣƺһѾүôˣ
Ž˿޷Ϸֻ΢
˵к絶һʹʹһУʱϣ͵Ϻһ㣬һ°ɫ¶ʱһƬ죬Ҳ֪ﾹѪ
Ѿŵûʧɫת˳ȥе컽үү컽


44 
ҶСƫںһȻ󲨡Ѳ졢˽͵˹̽ϢǱϾǹٳˣҶС򱧲ƽ˵ϵϾ̲Ҵ¹ϵһλȻз߷ߣȴҲҶ˵ʲôֻǡ
ĺԱͺһʿͲô˵ˣҪʲô벻Щ˵֧֣ԱĴˣʱͻһǮԲѵĺ˵Ĳүǲҵġ
Ȼǻ֪ģҲأЩƵةǶ첮ĶʱҲŪ˸ͷöЩˣ˵ػ޷ƵǶȥֻܺԺذ˵Щ͢һ࣬ԩһù٣Ҳһ˵ƨ
ôҲûа취Щˣ̧ȾߣԺǮǲϣȱǮǲôǮ޴˵ǲǮ˵ȶﵽͷϣΪ١
첮˵ĿڸòװЩ˴ˣ޴͸ġִŴܵǰԸˣһҲ޷ˣ֪شةԸϵǰӼ˵˵հλүߣ߼կկկָϵ˺سǡ
λүǺ죬һһܾذڷ񣬻֪ĸҵةҲڣһҲܣ֪סˣӲͷƤӴλկȥˡ
ʱĺɫã
شΣ߽ǽһխֻһСͨĵ·С·ͨشεԺǽڳλãǰͬˣ˲ߣСݣټϸߴĳǽڵʪ
ݴУԵĳˮͰǴ˳ȥġΪԶЩÿĳӣû˼ǵﻹ·
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СԴӵֻ̫ɰͷЩһҪܰ˾éޣкýǶȴѸٵ͹ֱĪ
СҲʶõĺɰ⣬ʱ˺͹Ƶഫ˵֮еСϽǺɰԶԶɰһʱʹֱֹʶ˳һʹ
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̫øһҩҽĸк֢֮ȻԸһͨСֵĸС޿κΣֻǹԹԴӦ
ʱڵȺ̫ãһСﾡͷһӰСһæƨƨߵӭȥ

ҶСϥηܾĵģֻȼһյƣ谵ĵƹ⡣
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Сߵηǰʱͣסˣ׶ĺ˵˵˼ʲôͼԵصĺͷСǰšһˣҶСǱطѺģͣж㣬Ƕδ
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ҶСһȵصӣġ
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ҶСո˵һ󼱴ٵĽŲ𣬸Сܻػˣͷһ䡭


45 һ
ëһϽæҵµñӣԼȴڸСǸ˵ëǣˣ
һñëǺҶСͬʱһ㵣ͬؽе̫ã
ɲڸСǸ̫ãСС·̫ϵҲʡһ̫ãëǲڨڨص̫̫ã㡭զѵô磿
ëǸûʲôǸһͷϹͱĪеŪΣ궼ûҪǸͷСӵıˣֻ¾ͰëŪˡ
һ£ë֮ڣŻƷжϣƽʱΪ̫ŵƷɻȻ٣ȴзʱûִأҲֻԼ
Сɽ̫ýĹƶ̫óûԼΣԱ㡰Ըʱëǲһǡȫ
ǣëǾʹ̫ãŪ˼˿Ĺߣִ˶ϵһӣð̫ɽ
ëǼСʱɤϸϸش𻰣һжԵϣ̫òͬСҲûģΪֻ̫˵ҪСѹû˵ľԼһƻŮ˵óĻ
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Сһ֪̫ãæӭȥ֪˲ӡ
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ӨӨɫһ䣬ǻԶЩɡ죡ߡ
ӨӨҴҽƥԯƥԣȴչΪ֮á
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һӨӨ͸չʵڻܵģȻûôЩȡһɹƶһ裬ô·ߣ·Щ֮³֪
ĴСУֻҪӳȥС磬ǮʲôءǮôԣ

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ϳԸǾס£ҪǵʱϷԻѰǣ
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һ̧ͷϺ߽Ʒϲ⣬ϣˣ
ϵ˵ͷӻƷһһսģȴˣҴǧڶɽϿȣҪǳôˣ
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ϱɫʲôݺëҲˣȥɽϿȡ
ϻû˵꣬ѭͻŵس˴ţؽеˣҶʷҶʷǰ͡ͱ첮Ͼˣ


46 ͬȥͬȥ
Ʒһץסѭֱۣʵ˵ʲô첮ѾҴϾˣ
ѭ켱ǰǰˣһͬߵģ̫úëǣ˵Ҫȥһץˡ
ץҶСԸģۼةѾ֣ܿҪٶȼܿգʱ˿Ψһܽѹͬ˵ֻҶС죬ѲҲʵȨյĹԱǾˣλȻһ򲻴ͽ
ҶСͻȻȻٰ㲻Ը£һεϾֱ̲µԿΨһľǰѴȫ첮Ϻ͵ϲž̹ȻһЩ
Ҳһ첮ĵһЩ㲻˽⡣ӵ˼źѭĸ͵࣬ǽܶǰҶС쵱˴Ķˣѣܺޱʾ
һҪȥ̽ҶС죬ı⣬粻֪ҶС쾿ʲô£ǣУִⲻʡֱ죬ʵ߲סǽַըֻó첮˵һ
ֱʱ첮ĲŸҶСѱϾˡ
첮ĸ߻磬ǰǱΣͼҶС죬ҿʱ֣£ΪĻͼشԵŶȻҹꡣ
ϣ˵ļĸæʮˣһɽ¶ˮںظһǳ¶ɣֻһ仰͵ʮɹʹĸ˾Ͱİˣ֪ؾȻڹ
֪Ȼ֪ǱΪ飬ȻıԼȨȴû뵽ô͸ֱսȨⲪȻŭ첮ȴ˵ǣҶСĿڶ࣬Ϊ˷Ϣ֪ش˵ڵҶС߶УΪ˱֪شΪѵȵȡ
֪ľѳۣȴҲ޿κˡѴ¶ѭһѭʧɫŴҴɽϢ˵Ʒɵ֪Ʒлѭ죬뿪󣬶ɫϷȥ˵
ƷɵȻأ
ϵȻ׷ȥ߶
Ʒɵ죬Ʊҹ̣׷º׷ˡǴǧˣ̫ãҴɾˡ
һضҲЩˣϷ˵㵱Ϊĸ֮ССͣ㵥ǹƥս˵صһǿӢ¹ңܼΪ˵ӣ
ƷҡҡͷһһصϣˡҵЧ֮ʿΪҵĵҪ˼׳֣ͬΪҪ
ΪҪԿΪǵȥΪҪΪԼ仰ĬƬ̣Ϸˣô֮Ǹô
Ʒɵǧˣ̫󡣶˶ж㣬һ֧񣬰нˣҴţȫ׷ϣ¡
ϵ˵ͷãͰ˵İ죡

һȴˡ
֮УֻΪҶС죬̫ģ㡣С뿪ɽֵݣͷһθ뿪ɽѩԭĴޡ
ǰŮ˵ôİûһֻΪԶȾ鴿ľһˮֻװһСС硪Ǿˣǿ͸ˮװһˣװ磬ֻҪߵǼ԰
ëССУһֵƣŤţ˯ܳڵĵ·ϲ𵴣˯úһңԶıһ·浽Ϸʲô඼Թʲôﶼܹһֻޱǿ͵ġСǿκζӵĻ޷Ǵִ񾭡
ҶС쿴ϼµ̫ãٿǰ˯ëǣЦһҲãеģ֪ҪķѶٴȥοǣ˿̿ǸҪκεİο
ȥϾô
ҶС˼ҾʲôΪ첮ƶұɣ
̧ͷϷգƵ룺Դӳ˾ǣҶֶ٣ȴҲǻΪģͺүƫƵģһΣ᲻Ұɣ
ͷһأҶСÿնͷϣȴδη
ƷѸɽҵ࣬Ҫ׷ҶС˵һ飬޴˵ҶСѱϾƿڴһһҲûţѸٵһװͣɹɽʿαװ̽ŷ
ƥ޴һʱô࣬ЩɽҲɽǲе죬˾ʡˡ
ƷװʮˣǴҴ뿪˺أֻжΪ̫ƥɽߵĵ뿪ؽֻһ·ǲ÷Ѿ˼̽ѺҶС뿪Щߵ·
Ʒɵ뿪ĴգӨӨչϵ˺ء
ʵչǲԸӨӨͬģʲôأ¾ϲط꣬һ˶ԱĬĬ᲻ɣӨӨλС㣬ĴС㷶СֻҪűض˷ӦλС·Ļֻ±ˣҪϲصİءչĲ£ֻһˡ
أɽȥѰҶӨӨһټһׯԺøûʣ㻶ϲصۣƯСȻһլӡ
չصԭһҰɽʲôûСκؽģʲôˣͲһλŮء
ӨӨˣѵõĹǰ˺һСߵģչոŻģʱ˽ߣ˳Ů˵ͷݵǰˡ
һпӨӨʹӦŵһȻɥϢŮ˹Ȼˣȴˡ˱첮Ǹ˵ѺȥϾˡ
չȵصϻʱúõģôͻȻͱץˣʲô캦£̰ǲаŮˣ
ӨӨܲĵصչĵҵôô
ҶСӿĨصʷүǸţˮɽ˭ĺö˭ðλүͱ˸ץˡ
͵˵ǽǱߵĴµŰүץġ
ҶСӿ޵øˣëҲһץˣ˵ʷүˣëܵ˭أ˼Ұë·ûԺϲء
ӨӨĻǸ£ŭתչȦ㣬ҪȥϾǾС磬㲻ң
չ˵ҶС챻ץߣȥϾˣʱҲˣĻ˵ԴףһӨӨôʣûشϻҲ㣬һȥǣһ·ܵȥ
ӨӨϲرһչҵĺö㣡ߣ
Ů˶˵㼱ҴҵɽؿǾȥıӰɥү˴֪үû취λܾȻү𣿡
ҶСôһ˵̲סֿë磬ǧҪ°


ڰ˾ 


01 ֵɽ
ϾȻŶǱľӪıʱǸׯȻԶԶģȻΪһʷǣĽɫʹ˲ѷھǵ
ΪһοϾǣҶСٲҪ֣úһʷǵľ£ǺպػӣھǾ׹ڣһҪȥʶʶġ
һҶСȴΪѺϾǵģﻹǷ£Ҿ۹⣬Ѻ˵ԱҲ
һϾǣҶСЩ̫úëǵģϻһںģ
̲ǰʮѺ͵ĲߺҶС³ֵ̫ʱЩ̬Ϻࡣڹƶط˻û˵ںȴǾˣԹƵĪ¶ַϢ̸ɫ֮⡣
첮ĵı£ǲò̫ҲǶοɰСȴηЫ²֪ĵʵ̫ϻһĹƣֻǲͷ˷Щèϡ
ŵòǵƺ͹Ǵ̲ţҶСѺڰ෿һزͷ㴧ةǩĹһλٴȥ̲ŵĹ¹١
ǲȰȥһλ£λи֣¿ûֻλزһ˵Ͼ¶һֺܹı顣
ϴλͷĻȥ̲ԱǮ˳̲ԱǮ˳ǸѮͷЦеշ¡ƢȴʵãһЩԺأѺλܵ׸ŴױʾҪϰĹԱϾģһλ졣
ǮԱİŭģ˭ǰ͵Ͼģ
ǲͷһϽ´Աɴˣ˵صط̫Сֲ㣬ҶСڣһ˽»˳͢£ԡ
Ըƨ˭ǰ͹ģ첮İķаˣǮ˳һ䣬Ƿ⹫˿ͣһڻƵĳɰΣŶݺݵصزͷһۣȵ˵Ƿ⹫ﳤȥ
ǲͷڵϺòίĵϾ̲ץˣǧذ˸һͨŴ󣬹ְߣҲô۸˰ɣд
ǮԱŹææҵ̲һɫͳˣûпˣɫ粻ΣҪϸһ飬ʱЦһ첮ģǸ²㣬Ĵ
Ǯ˳ˣ˶ѾˣǺðҪȰؽΣһ·ɫ˵
еһ۵ʲôҶС죬ֻһ̶֥Ĺٶ㲻Ҫˣ˭ʾҪץģ
ǮԱ̽ص˵
һЦҶС첻Ϣ˶Уôǣ˭֪ЩͨĴ᲻Ϊʹҵ̬ȣ
ǮԱ⵹һž󣬳зӿϣʱǱΪžһžˣǿɾҪùˣǴ˼꣬ô֮Ӧôأ
΢΢һתǷݹյص£ôأ˾ϰɣ
ߣʵǸߣǮԱֻ˼һתе˼ɵ˴Ĵָ΢΢һЦǷ첮ױд͵ĹϾ̲ǴǩѺȥ
ʱǩѺȻƷŲ裬аǷ⹫ȥͷβһ飬治ɫطŵһߣƺ벻⡣
дʵˣ̲ԭֻضԴϼӿܣŷݣ˭úЩٶֻ˰ϣȻ˸͹ˣǸδòźð
յ̵һڣ˵ȷʵ̲´ģǰҲûʲôȻѾˣǾ
æǣǡҰΣ
˹صΡҲף
Ρ֣ΪӦˣҪӦһǡ˵°䡰ҲסвԼæʵ֮أ
˿ڲ裬ɤӣⲻǻûǹԱһղԾǹ٣ôѺڴأšںأʱӦڼãߵȵʹߵˣȥȻϾǡ
ͷ̵˿ڲ裬۰Ͱ͵ؿ޲óȥһյȲһڵʡһ仰Σܰ˱
˿ڲ裬˹صǾ͡ס°ɡ뿪ǳرǣġǾȲҪˣžǱ߽һϢɡ
ǣǣ¹ˣ
аһϺꡱͷ˳ȥ

ϾǵݹģھǣҼϷɫͷǽߣ۴αȣгˮ·һ԰֡
ʱ֣ͦҶС̫áëһԺӣͼɽǽһʯʯʣλͷϵ[ʿ²ضȣԱ߻мս̸Ц
вԶͼǰһ·ˢѩһ׵ǽǽһ͵Ĵľǻ״ľ񣬴ӿţͷԲ۵ӣһƷžƣһҡͷԵһŮӸ١
ǰߣһСˮ࣬ľţͼϪ£һȺϯ²տ
տһ֮սʱмأغʱ͹ΪϪտõľԺõĳտ¯տ¯ץأаԲΰ֣¯ϼһǥǥϴ⴮ѷ˲εĽɫ
ëԴ̾ѽѽҪ˼ϲٶأ鵱ٻôôģ塢տȵү̹簡ŰɣһӶ壬ԺҲˣ۾ΰɣҲ̫̹ˡ
ҶС쿴һǰߴ·䣬ëС˵˵ηݣסĶĹԱƷٶأ㰲Щ
߹հƵģһСԺǰͣˣةˣǵסһʲôǿÿղǰŷµúԻȥ棬мǺʱ֮ǰһҪΪʱ֮ž͹ˡ
ҶСʱȻڹԱסݵĴҶС֪һҪ˵һĹԱֻ·˵أסݣһССĵʷܷ䵽һ䶷ҾסͲˣôŴŶԺԵͣ⡭ƷϹԱĴ


02 ԭ
뿪̫ߵҶСߣɻصС磬⡭⾿ôѽɷذ׽ȴȥô
ҶСһ˿Ц⣬ôǺǣԺС䵹ȥ䷿ӣгЩˮһԡ£ұȥϾǡ֮Ұ֮
̫Ĵ֣ëĴۼҶС̩ȻҲĹǣشӦһȸԾųСԺ
ҶСȴûȥһ·ûʲôŰȻ࣬ȴҲͷˣŲ߿һΧ̽һ³͢Ƿʲô¡
طѺϾȴͻȻôı仯ץͷǾһͷʲô仯͢﾿ʲôƶǣ仯ض볯͢ϵı仯ĪĹϵ
뵽첮˷ذϾȴ帣ЩϢغغ첮һʺѿı飬ҶС̲סЦ
ŲȥҶСſڳΪͷˮȪԺƻ𣬹µţͯΪׯҶ֣ݣ첻ʵͷ
ҶСγǻԲζʮ㣬֮Ϸ̨ϵҲѷ֣ЪԱߺȻ˽һ䣺ׯҲ䣬ų︻ҡԵķ޴ȥˮ׽Ϻ󡡣
γҶСǶͬһϷģҴ˳ıҶСζҶС첻ȥȴһ˳Цݵ
ʮͷ΢룬ǱãһøСЦҶС칰˹֣뾹ڴ˴ͬã֪¸մҲǼסڴô
䱾Ӧ˹ɻ·˴ĹԱס޵Ĺݣǵ˴ʱټԶ罨ϸЩԱļҾ졢ѵʱҲסع䣬һ÷ѻҪʡ࣬ҹǹԱǵʱͰȫҲȿջ߳ࡣЩԱļҾ졢סơס
ҶСЦСҶҶС죬ݺصʷݾڴˡ̨֪ǡ
˼ҶСССͣû뵽ǹԱֻҲĳλԱѽס䣬һԱݣȻλʷ΢¶Ȼ֮ɫԭǵʷʧʧ棬ٴϣִ٣`ڴ˽סЩʱա
ҶСЦԭַ֣һ䳪ζʮ㰡
һɦ˶Ϸһ̸
˵ԼȴҲǳŵڣױвѧӣͨʫ֮ĵҽҩҲԣʮʱţʮһ꿼оˣ˺һֱѧ¡
ҶС˵ֹ̾Ȼѧֵѧʣ;ϸõʰݽˣ񲻿ʿأ
һʣٵһЦ̬֮Գ֮ɫҶСһ֪飬֪ˡĬƬ̣ȴƾ٣Ϊѡȡʿ;ʱȴΪٹӪ˽ס︻һƭ֣Բѧˡ
ҶС˻
浭ص꣬ĳҲμӿƾ١ɣ׸ŽĴҲμһƵĿԣĳʿֱ׸˱ϣĳĶƾеڣûӦŭ׸ˣȻɽˡ
ʱһѧ˴ӦˣȡΪ״Ԫ׸˵Ķ˰ۡ꣬ĳٶȸԣɵúܣһ׸Ҫμӿƾ٣׸常ĳΪģĳɾܾһ׸˸޼ɵö֮ȡΪ״ԪĳȻٶɽ
ҶС쾪ȵصŽ£뾹Ȼ£Сȴδš
˵ҶС첻һۣ֮⣬ŽȨ㳯Ұ˭ұһȻŽԼ棬ΪȻҲԻ˷ӭͽʩӱһȴ
濴ҶСȻЦҶֵܿǾҳʶĳз̰׸֮棬Щǳô
ҶС΢΢һЦôҶֵ㻹ãŽȻ򲡹ô
ҶСԴ˻һ֪ʱվסŲȻŽˣ
׵ǰøոչաŽĵ죬ټɱ˵ȴְ˺󣬵ŵӶһͣЪŽ굯ѹõȫĳˡ
̾˿˵Ž겢ڹ£ƣΪŮɫ֮ҩֻǳ͢Ϊ棬ŵѹ²ᣬԲʰ¡˵Žռڣܻ¸ֵ˵еطٸΪ˰ͽŶùΪ˽ڵȵȣ٣ǻ;ն񰡡
ҶСЩ£Ǽ٣
һʮ֮˾ŶġҪһλ¡ءµ׸ǲ׽Ӱ񲻷ŵ׽סʹţĳŽ˽пڴȴ𣡡
ҶС˵
Ž˲һţ֮ţݣٹݣְ͸پ͢ȻЧϦɼΪʮ꣬ڰǿȳˣϵУĿǰ
ƽ֮ңƽ֮ңصݼ̹ίԱߣŽݣǧ˼ѱˮӻ޻֮ǣȨ֮ӣ֮ڰӣʵΪһ࣡
ĳΪߣҪķ棬ûбҪʥ˵ҪԼԼһµˣҲܳΪʥˡܳΪʥ˵ģ˴¡
˽¹覴ãȴڴڡȻ˽ˣΪ˹أ覴ùߣŽǳ͢Ƶߣһ»ܻ롣
ҶС治Ȼ𾴣ĸǰ̣˵ȫŽһ˽ͣǽƣ侮ʯʱ˹ʵ۴ˣػ䣬¡
ҶС棬ЦҶֵˣһһǶνֹۣ֮ƾԼ˵ˡĳһΪˣԵԼģҲ̹Ȼˡ
ҶСҶСԼһ˵ЦҶֵܣҿ϶Ȼǲġĳ䲻֪ץ˱ŵ
ŵ˹ղذͽǵˣʱ侮ʯֻƲϵ˭ʱ㣬ʹԼأͰסȥɣ¾ЩæȨطϵĴԱǶڹɫֻдһг䶨ŻⷬĳŵʤȻΪġ
ҶСЦҲôģŽ̨Ȼ˶̾ϢҸ˶ԣȴһ׮ĺô
ȻһҪϾסһʱ䣬ҶֵһʣʱĳҪȥλѣҶֵܿҪͬȥô
ҶСɵֵҶĳϵãðǰֻ²װɣ
صһЦ޷޷λʶ̶ȣĳЩҲˡЩ˶ϲϷˣĳȤζͶҴһҲֻǿϷְˡ
ҶСȻˣԺҶĳϴһѣͬȥ


03 ¥
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ֻһˣȻҾԣҲʱֵطҶСһ¥ģǰԲ٣ЩѶȻϾǸ˼ӵܡ
ҶСЩ˲󣬼ȻҶΪͬһôյһ־ͬϵѣǾֻദˡ
ҶСᳵ·ֱ϶¥һڣͼ߰˸㶼ɢϯ֣黶ʣǰһεĴ̺̺һڳϷ
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ϷľǸĩһǴʶҶСϷԾãǳһЩֵ˼ˣҲֻЦ֡
ҶСš
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ҶСƽһ̫ЩڹأԴ˹ٳȴǲòһЩԣͶԵԱ£Ϊ֡
ĩ˵һߣҶС˾ȻϷӣЩеһ˳³ƣƷʱҶСţˣϾҵӡ
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ЦλԹݣҶҲǸġ
ŹӣҶСҪ֣˰һֵصţͺáҶ͵ǹˣ
ҶСǣСܵݲŲ꣬ǰһֱסھǵġ
Ŷ˫һ߶ģҪ˵Ӿ磬Ǳ߶ص¶֡
ҶСƴǵֳһΣ֮СҿȲ˵ģͲҪ׳˰ɡ
ҪˣһҪһεġɴǸ缸ϳһΣšͳͩ꡷ɡ֣óŮʡ֣ͰҰɣˣʿ㣬ǵԣѾһ̫࡭
ҡͷЦԿûõóֵϷȥԪʱǼӾ磬һգҵдԴ֮ĺϷ
һ˵ţվҶСֵҲˣЩѶˣ£ΨϷһһһɡ
ҶСƴǲϷҲģվǺϷҶСͰ˰»ɽϷʣ»ɽϷأλ̬ϸɤʮͶ롣ҶС˷ŵÿҲٹ˼ɣǰ»ɽϷ˹ɼ龰ݵΩΩФ
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ǼҶС쳪úãдƷţһƳһϷ뿪¥ʱȻҶСģԺȾƻƣҲЩͷͣǻЩ棬ҡҡλε¥ߡ
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һɫ۷ͷ޳ݰףһѵõӣֻ΢΢Ʋţư̬֮Ρ
ۿ˿ƲӴҵ˭ԭСүʧʧ񰡡𢽭ɽСүſţҵ£ȻҪ
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ŭĿͷҪСүصƽʲôЦŤͷȥڵطסλСүСү˵ǣǼƽϣûýСүݣСүŵ
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ʵظҪǮȴҶСһסˡ
ҶС´ϹӼۣ磬ϹҲ̫˰ɣȻ㲢Ϲ·ʱäôҲӦڵϰص㼸ӰɡУƵ֪֪㿴۾ôһֱϷţ۾ѵͲװϹˣ
ϹӱҶСһ䣬ʱ߳ŭϷ۰ҲָŭģǮͼģûǮ͹ĵõôôؤҲġ
ҶС쳰Ц㿴㣬ȱֲȱţǿ׳⣬ɵʲôԼƫҪǲͶؤ㻹ԣ
ôһ֪ԼϵȻŭģԭƭңӲ죡ľҪǰؤһȾܡ
˺˾ƣĵػڳȻмڵߵǰǮֳԵģŭҹȺƭӣ˺ôٸ룬㡭붼ûУƭӡ
ҶС쿴Ǽвɫؤɫһ̧ҪҶСһס֣֣⼸ֻŵˡ
ʣڳݲصΡԼã
ҶСǰһָ㿴
̧һͼϷЯףӿ


04 һϷ
˵ǰ⼸λ񣬱ЩΪ飬˳һͣһɢܿǰһݣȥĳմһٿۣȨˡ
Ǽһ˵ӣŲ鸡̽Ƶ˱ǰַӵǼΧм䣬߿ַ
ˡἸ˽Բ⣬ҲΧҶСʱѾϾ󷽲ŻıۣûӣЩѯʣ֪̫˴ˮΧǧĶأֵ֮͢ڣִʩʱЩ԰ˮûֻĴɢЩͷһϾǵģ߻вǧ½
ʱ߳ӡ¥ĺԺʻľϹŷ磬ͷһˣһɫСүһüĿӢĺӡϣ̲Ǵ֮кһӡ
Ƽ˵̬رһȺлΧסǶɢƣСүƲмصССݣ
Ũû壬ҶСȴǡûǮЩҲûΧҶСǰɫСүССͬǶݣܼ£ֻһˣҲƾ١Ҫ˵СүļϾСүϳգضԾȵøˣһëΣЦЩƶտʩԮֵأ
СүλߣδָҶСһ˵סСүԱߵǸµؿҶСһۣ΢΢¶Ц⡣
СүһŷӦߵ⡢ɡáʩࡢڣһӦˣǳ͢¡ҵԽ޴ң
ҶС͢йƣʱⲻĺͣȨ񣬿ңѵӦ֮Сү޴޴ȴҲǿ㣬ǳЦȴ򲻸á
Сү˵еҲסˣʱǰƨЦһһȺ˼ȡÿճ竣ҲСүǰ̸ʲô߰ˣССݣģܾȵüˣСүǲ֣Ȼܾգ𡣡
ҵļҽʵͦϣСүͷȻһЩ㻨ǮȴҲܾ̫գһⷬеģţƤô˵ҵǮ˽֣ݣɻ̫ˡҳ棬Ǯõô񣬿ӣɲٰ
ҶС΢΢һɹСүǲмȴ룬ܼλСү֣ΣվԾգڲƻýڴ롣
Сүʢʱڽֻбάķݶ˱ӹʱҶСһֳˡҲչһмȻȻЩҲһֶΪߵǿ벻̡
Сү˶һͦһķ֣㲻ôСүʩ࣬ҪǾȵ˶࣬ǱСүȵ˶ࡣ
һϣҵż̫ߣȻΪҵĹӣһҲԳԱʱӶ࣬ѵи˳СһµĻᣬ˵棿Сү㲻ǹ˵ļٰʽɣ
СүŭڵһǰһָҾ͸һģ㿴ûУǰʯƷһ೧˭ȶ˭Ȼ٣˭ˡ
СүĴǣ㻨Ǯ٣٣ôҵĻ࣬㶼óҲҪӣ˭˲ӣ䣬κСүҲˡ
˰һͦɣҸˣСүҪˣô죿
СүЦһ䣬Ц
ҶСԽԽȤˣǿϷĲ¶ϽӿڵСүɲ˵̫һ£վһֿܣˣô죿
Сүû˵Ѿ˵Сүˣ¥һϯֵܼˣΣ
ҶСһעҲ̫˰ɣֻһϯҵĹӰѵû磬Թôôô
ȴ֪¥ǴٷרӴľ¥ȻˣȴҲκ˶磬˵Сүࡱ֮һĹСֻСүˣͿ硣
СϾҵĹӣùŻͬݣ¥ͬݹϽҪ¥ھƣ¥ĹٷȻ󿪷֮š
СүΪκϾ꾭Ӫ鲼ȫǣǻʵϾһңСүҪھƣȻҲ¡
˵ݡλˡǮҲδؾʸ¥ھƣȨ˼Ҳ㣬ҲٱӣǡǡЩ߹ӵں飬ҶС쿴һϯƣһӵЩٻӵ˵ȴǶҪ顣
һҪھ칫ӵʱЩԥˣԱߵλ¹΢ЦںĹСв֪صã˾¥ھлΣ
˽žƾһظӴԺ˵Ǳ˱ᣬ棡
һľ֣ʹȷ
£Сүȥ˵˵ļҶСҲ˳˵ĦȭơСеϳ׷׻ؼȡ˽ǮȥˣҪСүߵֻͣҪСүͷʯͷǾˡ
Сүҽϣô׶ûϵҪκҪǮ֣ΪӮһľ֣ϵȥһ졣ľԽԽһ֣ʱ²̨
ǰСү˳Ǻ¹ӸѹСһߣС³ɲɰǿǵڴĶģҪˣƿɶˡ
СæСүܷģңܸСүȣοֵҲΧⰡ£ֵͷҲðСүӮǡ
Сү԰ָָҿɸǣҿǱϻģˣҿɲǣ
Сظ֤Сүŵ˵ͷȥ׼ɣһ磬һô
СӦȥСүתһߵĺ¹ҡͷʧЦһΪȻĿǵһʲôľְЩСϷּЦˡ
¹΢΢һЦȻǳϷܹ˾ҲǼк֮£Ʊǻ
СүǣǣǺ֣ǵˣ롣
Сүͺ¹תǰɵձڣҪǰһ˫ŮǣվǶͷǰһŮ̽ӢˬһСүߺߵص֣ſڿѽ㲻ڼңǽκţվ˰졣
Сү̧һϲؽеãô㣿
λ¹һֱһǣ޹ҡһвϵĵģƼչʱȻ΢֮ɫȴҲһ˷粻ƮģǴվչӨӨһȻȴȻȵĹâ


05 Ѱ
չһδԭȥ·첮ģһģڻرҶС조ε㡱һأӴ˽²֮ԵǵϾΪκٵġ
Щ˾үȻǵطϵʵۣǵİΣվҪܵԭλӵӰ죬Ҳͬ͢Ȩ󱣳ĳ̶ֳϵϵ
ϵƵչ˫һֱϵˣһĴæʲôﶼûϾǣһĨڣ֪õδȥҶСϢ뵽ҡ
˴һңÿձƣŵıļǵ˭òκûУԾͱ⡣
Ʊչ곤˼꣬չϴκƸģһֱ֡ƣһ۾ϳ
չӭǰ֣ˣȶվˡ
Ц˵Цˣôˣ
չҽһҪæ
չ˲ʾӨӨǰƵҵĽãġһλʱѺϾˣϾſڶ̫࣬Ҳ֪ѺЩһ˵ģûκΣֻæˡ
һӨӨģʱǰһ
ʵɫչģʵҲչӢЩԭӴϲֿŮʱһӨӨǼ°ͣˮĴ۾Ƶѩ׼ϸˣȻرθڡ
ƱϾǹӵܣ滨öˣֻǾһ£Ͼͻָ˱ģӨӨ΢ЦĹá
ȣǴվ⸮ǰ̸ôǺһ˫Ŀһֱ˲Ҳ˲ضӨӨϣȻǰ˵һ䡣
ƻȻĳǵˣλ룬븮𻰡Ŷˣһ˽ܣλɣ˵ˡ
ʵҲĸ̫λ׵ֻ˼ꡣ̫ССҵŮݱѡ빬УֱΪʺ̫Ȼǧɫ׵һĸͬܳòˣǷ忡ġ
ӨӨˣû¶ĵӣԭڣλүŸæȥָȥףæεЦﲻؾ룬븮
ƿɵľִģʧЦλү˵ĳǱеģһλĹﾹʧ̬ĪǾһ飬ϲ˼ң
ưչӨӨȥǰҶСݡ˵һ飬ѹûչλҸ嵨硢Ϊֱȴ鳼ݡԩʷ͸ղ¥ǰǸɿ𡢼壬ò˶һ֣ۿҪ˽ǮĻ˵ϵ
ڴӦǷģϾ࣬ȨշٵȴҲࡣɫʱȥ¸Ѿûˣһ磬ĳȥſڰǴҰҸס¡
չҲ⣬ˣͶлˡ
˿һλȻþӹǿѵϾһˡĳΪλ򵼣һϾΣ
ӨӨգСܿ࣬ˮͷ˭ʲôϾǣүò֪
˵ؿһۣ䵭صСв֪СŮӿû˼Ͼǡ
ɫһæС磿ģȴҶ֪
չԭ֪Щԭ˹ض࣬Ǵٹǣر̣֪ҶСӨӨɣδõͬ⣬ӨӨΪҶСǧ˱ߣᱻЩظԭ˿ˣӨӨ棬֪ߵغΪ˾δⲻ
ǣǣӨӨ½ǣɫصŶҶʷȹĹ˽ΪáһҶʷѣĹż
ӨӨգգۣĵСȵǸ˲ôôŵˣʲôãҺСĹϵôô룬Ҳ֪չô˵ԭ˾û
һȻĹ֣ĳλһȥŴ̽䡣
ӨӨһ⻰ɫʱһҲЩЦģ
εؿһۣĵүյʲôְӾϾʶľûѲ㻹ÿһһĹүݣ
˵ˣ۴Ĺľǻ׹ݺ̫࣬һ׹ݺ̫࣬Ǿ͸˶Ƶģ´ֳĺûᣬΪǻô
ư̾˿ԭеչ˼λͨĹүҲһӣ벻Ҳˡ

̲Ŷ̧СβƵȥ治Զһǣһͷ¿Ӵ˶ٵĵһż米ߣԶظš
ϵǸз۾ؿǰߵСΣЩǶܴϢ
ǣ˵ϣѭ˵ĺѺ̲ģҸղһֱ̲ſڶţ˾Ǵ̲Ĺ٣
ϵ˵ͷ۾ֶһǶСΣۺ롣
үˡ
ηͣ½ӣһӽ߳η̧ˡ
ֻǸ̲£ŽηδҡЩӣÿֻ̧÷ãְܶϵϲ׵ĹԱ
ŰүһҡҪţȻһ¡²õػعͷǰվһĸߴĺͷͷͺͷӣ۾һܲϲģԱһƺ㲻ͷصǸʲô
Цеʵʣ̲ٵģ
ͻȻɫһûĺǣ
ϵλҶСĵʷ˴ӹݺ̲Ѻˣ
»ޱ飬صҶС졭Ҽǵá˲δؽΡ
ƷһæʵûйؽΣѵѾɱ
¶Ļţƺһ̳˶ϵκ˵κҲˣæʵѾô
µụ̂סݡ
ʱҲµģⷽļʶȻƷɸЩɴһݣǱѺϾôôסݡ
µʧ¹Ⱥ۹֮δ˭һССʷ¶ҶСãûдˡ
˼ά䱻ùƶˣ˶Ŀţͣ˼άģȻϰԵק˾ġϺͻƷɶһۣԼͬ˿
ϲüҵʵǹʲôط
Ŀ͵ػشˣϺͻƷɱҴ뿪ˡ
һ¼ҵԺŶ֨ѽһˣӴԺֵؿһ۴ǰˣֿ˿ǰ·ߵҡҷ˵һλСӣŤס˵Ķ䣬ȵҽ϶۰Ͱ͵ض˼Сӿʲô¶Ļ
ԺﴫոѹһĲҽУѽӷ֣ۣûûʲôСӰ֣ҸոպĶ˻ѽ˵滰ѽ


06 ʩ
ʯƷңԽһƬ¸Լ˼ڴʩ࣬ķѶΧ
ҸмҶά򣬴ߺţҼҹӴģó˽Ƕźöӣ˳˶зݶҪǸˣٲعأͰϳȥ
ȴˣվһϣĿԶɴʧɫôôˣͷٿ¶ŵӣЩ
һԴ֣㲻õģҿǱߵʳҲǺܶ࣬¹˭֣δ֪ء
ʶСүǱߵȥǡվһϣҲЩĵĿһ񶷼ܵĹƵģһͬʱͦظʮ״
Сܵ߿˿ִȺＷȥЦտضƵСү͵͵ˣжʮʳǲֻʮٺ٣ҿǾû׿ˡ
˵ǴִţǮͻӻͷҲлɣҲһ춼Ųǽֻô࣬ǴⲻãôǼǮһʮ׵ٶȣ⼸֣֮
һŵеģСүģǾԳŲǡߺߣСܵǴ֮šө֮⣬Ҳԣ
Ǳߣָӹʩ࣬æͷ󺹣òȻصһƨϣ¿Ȼ֣ףأǸСҶôû
봹ͷɥصǲͲɣһﶼڹռ˵мǮԭҲָǵġ
ҶС滹ȥʩֳԾౡ֮֮ôΪһݣ˶ϺͻƷɣˡ
ϺͻƷҹ˹ڣٸȥʱѾ˺ʱˡ˼֪ҶСסûܵŰҲӲȥٸҶС鷳԰Ǽʮ̵ʿڹΧһҹ
ʱ֣ҶС̫úëһţҪȥ¥ǰʩֳƷɺͶϾӭ˴˼棬˷ܲѣҶСôˣһпɺã
Ʒɲϵ棬ҶСһߣȻ£磬ʮʿû°ɣҪҪȥ
ҶСҡͷг˴£ⰸӣֻҪϵô»СС»ˣûҪһС¸ɴ¡뿪ǾǸǱӣ¶ʹˡ
ҶСķԻƷ˵һ飬ƷɶҶСķˣҲ˴˷ҶС쵽Ͼоյľ棬ʱ˿ҶС쿴ͶϣĵصͶ϶ˣңңô죿
Ʒɵﶼˣرæտأİɣңңֻ˵ִ˽ɽ˷ȥˣСѾͷԵúܡ
ҶСŷġ
ɽϣټһׯ԰ֻңңһСˡ
ңң۾Եɵɵ˹һûеȵСϰԵظ簲СӣңңͻȻСѾȥɽ˷ȥˡ
ңңƿѲݵЬߵǽϴǰԼϴ¶ˣæµţĶһңңС˶ƵģԼϴ棬æϹȥź
޴չңң˯䣬æҲΪңңңңˢ棬ʱʢѾ׼ˡңң£òص¶㣬Ƕһԡ
¶֪λС˵ƢӲǵ˿Ҳƴǣңңɫ¶¶㣬ʲôʱˣ
¶֪ʲôЦİɣʱŵúء
ңң˷ŷ˳Էٶȡ
ſڣӺ͸޶̽ͷ̽Ե߿˿Բĸ޶ܽǵز˲ңңϥǣԼԴʶȤվ棬ֵӣرЦ
粻ڼңǶҪԹԵģ֪𣿿ɲ£Ҳ׼ɽҪԺ߰ģҪȻһġңңһСָŸཱུն޶ͷСָҲ֪ûС
ңңԽԽˣǸʶԺһӾͿϡǰһż޸磬ذˮĽ̻壬һģˣ׵ˣüǿΪһƬգһԶ䡣
粻ڼңԿޱӣҪĹɣøٲġҲֹϳɵĳ죬¶ڰС˶ԵۿЦĶǸж顣
СңңǿССֳͯҲǸףȻֻʶһЩһЩҪףҲԶס

ƱֻɸȥӨӨǸҶСҲˣ˭֪ȴԸҪչӨӨȥѰҶС䣬һҲòˣһͬȥ
ǵû˷̫๦ΪȥĵһžϾ̲λκݣϱԱǮ˳ǩѺѯ⡣̲ÿ쾭ֵĴһССʷİǮ˳ӦüǵãҶС¶̫⣬ŽױʾϰģϾ̲ΪΪӣ˭֪ͻ䣬ڷֵò֪ճԴ¼¡
һκʴˣǮ˳һ̶֥ĹٶȻͨ죬Žױʾץκʣȴ֪κվһ߶
Ǯ˳òѯһǹĹ±Ҫͻ֣õˮ©Ǯ˳˰죬ɲҪ죬ֻµ˵ҶСֱڹ䣬ͷá
κĹµ׼ŶǣɺչӨӨֱϣڵȺϢ˵ҶСûѺǰڹ棬æֱݡ
ֻǵǸϵʱҶСѾ뿪ˣ˸աǹҲ֪ҶСȥչӨӨִҪڹ˶Դ˵ǲÿɷ
ӨӨһģֻ׽ֺã֮з羰ţҲǸȥ˹֮С
񵭣˵Ҫ޵ϧһŵԴӨӨˣκΣŮģӨӨһŷĺγȫҶСϡ
ҶСʱѾ̫áëǡƷɡϵ˸ϵ¥ⳤƷʩǸϵʱˡΧһŵʲô
ҶС켷ȥЦְôĪɡҺҶֵܵһ⣬ǿɱٰ
żɢ߻ҶСһ֣ҶСûǮƷɺͶϴЩʱҲóһı⡣˭֪˵˿һۣδ¶١ģȴһ޶ԡ
ôλٰɣ
̾˿üص֣ĿԤϵĻҪ࣬ҿʮֻһõģԭôҲܳ죬ӣ죬ǵ˽ǮҪˣ춼Ų
һǲҪ䶨ˣ
ҶСȴ뵽һü޵⣬ǻֻһʳѽЩ˦ִүǲҲ֪죡ȥװϾ͵ǣٲ춼Ų


07 ұ
ҶСϣǼϵʱ߳žһһµƹϣؿ۾һƣһ˼ˡģ
̵ģûôаŰ⼸λӸСû¹Ҳụ̂Щ֡ſڵĶ棬õʳ֮仹ϵ
ۼۣ˷޷޲ƽصӻأߣһ꿴
ҶСסЦ֣̲鰡ǲĶѵˡ¿ӲãǸϽɣò˶ãۻǡ
˶ҶС쵹ͦεģĻһԥҧǾȫʳЩ̣ûƨ۶
һţһߴӻͳǮЩʹصݸһҶԸϽȥȫʳ
˵ѺʳصʱƴŹСҡҡڰڵ߹ЦôʳǱ߶࣬һӶˣΪס𣿺ٺ٣Ҷ͵ŴӴ˱ɡ
뻥࿴̲סЦһЦƵЦסˣСګګʵǡЦʲô
Ĳ˵ʵǿƵ˵ǻʱѾְɣϸȥµǸϵʱҲһˡ
˳ǣ֣һ۴ǰѵǲ֪ЩţԹ֮ԾأͳҵһȺ竣ȴû뵽ǻ伲࡭
ɫ䣬Ƭ̣Ҳ˲ڿ࣬Сµ죡ȥף˴Ҵұߣ˷Ц
üɫصСүҿɵ¥ھ˰
ȵʱ֣ƲŴŹС󲻿ػмҶһʳǰ˻صʳĿࡣ
ǸȥʱǡʳٴǼۣǲıףԶȥȥѰ꣬һ飬ǵøˣ¶ҪǮȫʳʱЩֿʼ޹ˡ
㣬ǻŸ߼ۣôӲͬһĹһʳҪȻƾǼ˵ļҵ׶˵ʵĶࡣ
һǻ˵ٲһͨ䳰ȷɳЦҲûףԹᣬ˾ǳסǲƴ£ǵһֺηʳ٣ǾӮˣڿʤδ֪ء
Ծӣ֧֧˵ΧҲҪԹˣһգǱЩ׬ĸ࣬ЩƵļ̵Ŀ
֮ʩʵΪ˺һϸ£αˣôһ˵Щ㬵صЩ̹Ȼɶ񣬿˰ƵɾͶˡ
濴˿µʳһ£ڳ˹ӦֻµʳҲ࣬˫ʱʱ͵Է²鿴ŪϡֽҲܡ
ü˼Ƭ̣һת˳أɽҲǰ취ҵи⣡
˸Ͻʵʲô⣿
ͦصļݣ

ʱ֣һʩرˡ
˵ѾڼɽļϸڣҶСȻҲҪ롣ϲϷɻδгһܷīǳҲ²
ϾＸҾ綼ϵȥδΣЩĿ˭ĸɫһһ̶Էͷ׼ȥˡȥװȣҶСûƷɺëǡ̫øȥæ붬Ϸݡ
ҶСһŶһӭǷʵҶˣ
ҶСӦһ㻶ϲؽһһתҲƵܿˡҶСòɺ䷢ʲô裬Ȼڵңܸøһ¾ʲô°ɣ
ҶСͶĪظں棬Լסͼüɫ衢صʮöǮԺ߽߳ˣҶСһ˵ʱ
ӨӨɲҶСһ㷴ӦѾһ죬趼ĴˣһҶС죬ϲӣһС硱Ͷһ㣬˽Ļӵؿ
ߵòѸ٣ʱմԺһǵλһӻޣɫʱüΪѿôĹҪ˵֣׸磬Ҳǵľٶɡ
ɲõضչչ˵Ĺ֣ôǡ
չӨӨҶС컳ҶСļ米οģģְû˵ɲһָúô
һʱͺˡ
С磬һغЩ죬ûң
Ȼ밡һٴΡ
ٴΰҪٴΣ
ٴΣٴΣٴΡ
Ż
չɶˡ
ӨӨȴĻŭţֻ˼֮࣬ȫֵˡĵŮֱаԸֵһ࣬ںԱ߻չɣֻ˶ҶСʺůգ˫ֱ۲ҶС쾱ϾûǱҶСϰ뱧ؽԺŶ
ɳӨӨʱ⸱ģֻͱĲм߿ˣһദӨӨɽȪѩԭŮӵѾԿۼӨӨ˽ֻޱ§סӲԼó϶
ۼӨӨֻһҶС죬һ֪ʶľͷͷֶֺޣһֱΪ徲񵭵ΪƮȥʮ֮⣬ֻҧǸǡ
κӨӨղҶСϣȥںҶСѲӨӨҲ޷ǣֻܱεĿЦħ𣬿ֻҶСĳͷޡ
չЦŰͳݣصһӨӨѾӳղҶСߣϣչʱҲ˫ֲûصǹûУ𣿡
ҶСЩ챻˴Ӻһ·Ѻ⵽ϾǣǷЩǰһͨ󲹣ѪĺܣӨӨ˼֮࣬ñط꣬ٹ˲ģ˽һͨղǸеԵıôһҡҶСǹ߻ۼչɳһ˾ȱ
ҶСϽӨӨģʾվӨӨŲ鲻ԸС뿪
ҶС춶˶ӣոصվչһ㡣ӨӨ˵δӼ뿪ȻҪлһлԶˣչѹһᣬ
ΪֺֹһɱչͳȥδѼ䣬δϳӣ˼ұҴҷˣκϱĹү˼ﾹһССʷ
ɵϳӣȻһǽ̽һ֦޺޵ùˣģˣʵա
תǿģһܱһЦĪöͷ˿ЩѩʨӼ㾡ˣֻȻ̾һұ£˭֪չ


08 
֮ǰƷɡëǺ̫þͻˣСԺʱΪ
ùͺҶСǣӨӨ֣ɢ졣вٹԱǴżҾģˡӶУҶСӨӨ䣬Ҳ̫ۡ
ҶСôܳһģһ׷ʦģһ֪ҵϢҲܲµϾǴʱϾ·ˡ
ӨӨһۣѽ
ҶСص˵ͷţ£ٰߴߡ
ӨӨˣһĨ㵴ҶСߣһ첲ļͷ㣬Ҳѹүү͵Ҳ֪ô죬Ҿ㡣
ҶСվסŲỷס֫ףҵĴҽ׮ѴҾһɽһˣЩϼһ̯ƣһҪǴӦǿԶһ𣡡
ţ
ӨӨ̧ͷҶС죬ڵĿɫ··һ˫ڱʯ֦涣Ӱļϣòɷ˶ţƺεĵ̼ţһ¶
ȻҶСͻӨӨ֫ȥ
ӨӨҶСѲǵһƷÿζСӨӨϸ޳Ľë΢΢ţ߲ݰ£ˮ۵ĴҶС˱ţȻſ˫ۣסĲӣ׾ҵػӦ
һҵǣй˵ļ飬ҶСǱ·ôõķ˼ȫڽ۰УȵĴǹĶͷСɾµıǼ⣬⻬֬գٶƵĴϣ˱סӵ⡭
ȣ
ҶСָողܿƵǱеԵΣȻһȴһһ˫˶һԽԧͻȻͶʯˮ˾Ƶķֿ
չڲԶȫ֪ǰƵģӲӨӨһ䷿סػǻκҪȻȥջסҲã

ţ᷿ӨӨݣסòãӼЩס¡
ã
ӨӨһ˫Ĵ۾˵ƣ͵شӦţչһ˵ҶСһתһࣺëͶ˯᷿ɡ
ëǺصɣƷأ
ҶС⣬ҰڵʲôװݻѵһƷɺ˯һ䷿ˡһҶСô˵ƷɣëǺͶ顣
Ժһ˿֮Ҳ֪λɧ˻֣ס˷׷ɢȥҶСվſһ˪Ҳһ˪㱯
һ䷿һѽҾϾǽһƤĵӣҲ͵͵ȥۣ
ѾͷԹѡӨӨûѡӨӨģӨӨϵƺһҾƫƫңɼԹôԹô˭ļôˣҪܽյģڶΪůˣ
ۣ
ҶСһ̾ͷɥػصԼңͼƷΪ̴һƻƷǸվͦεıӰҶСȻ뵽һҹ̴컣ߵߣһ衣
룬²豭ʹ

ޡѽ
īǳ˵ϷҲڼɽнͷȦһյأֽǺһϣصţίʵԩ֮콵ѩʬס
ҶСļնٵгԹҲٲһƬѩɲ˵
ѽѽ
ӨӨִޣС糪ã
չûط˸۶ʲôãǳס
Ѿѣѩ죻ŷ˪ܣһǻԹ𣬶Ҫеƽʬ֣Ҫʲôسͳİ䣿
ӨӨ˵СһǼնҪǰһĺá
չųصǡСʲôǺõģҪȻҲ˰ҹ§ҵĲӣСƵҿһһ硯ˡ
ӨӨһڵһºˣͻȻȾһ֬ߵΣָ̫õ£ݣǲ㣬˵ǲ㣿
ϻˣһʣ֪ǲԼΣϽ֣ңңҲûء
չǣϽļˣ
˴ҶСڳţչӨӨԼ̫Ǹļˡ
ϷԱߣġļ֣ȺȺ˸֣ӨӨ̫һǰһļ䡣ϷýζһռӨӨ̫ùϾ֮󼪣ȴչס·
̫صôƺ
ǰ֧֧صҡҽǧ
ӨӨ֣ɣƻ£ﰡ
ǧλҲ谡ڵһһۣ껹޹Ҽʮˣȫһ׬ǮңҲܿడ
̫õɴһ˫ƯĴ۾ۣô˿ڣȫһĺܿࡣ
ǧǰǰҵҼӣңӡ
չص壬žſ˰ɣ
ǧҼӵĸӡ
չӨӨ̫һɴ۾⻹Ҫֿģ
ǧǰңٻ
ӨӨȻŶԭǰĺӡ
ǧ̾˿֪˵Ŀ࣬ﻹǮҾĺˣû
ǧǮ̫õļҡͷ̾Ϣȥ
չмǮǲǴµļô
ӨӨתһϲǮһֵúԲԱӭȥصλԱ⣬أ໴Ա⿮ʩԮ֣пڷ԰
ԱһüͷҾҾ;裬ҵǮѵǴģ¿ӨӨ˫һ΢¶аصôƯĹϷ˯һĻ˵٣Ҿ;٣ٺٺ١
һ˵һȥӨӨ°͡ӨӨûб˵ϷľҶСһΣǰÿһмƻֵܻӵңв۵ĸҵϷԴվﾹȻûзӦ
Աָ̽°͵ˣӨӨžѹѽһˣǱԱڻĽ¹һ¡

ӨӨüԲ̧һߣ£ߵԱⰥӴһֱ۾Ӳ൹ڵء
ӨӨ˦ļ䣬һ˫ţƤСѥԱкȥ̫ҲһѶļ䣬ȥ֣չԲ˵Լĺýöᱡˣܿţ
ҶСն٣󣬸ովһǩȵʱѵС
̨ŮΧŹһλִ壬ҶСһϽһգɿܹȥɴñֻҶ״ñһһġ汯ߵعص;ŹͷֵҲȻ


09 绯Ե
ҶСܵǰʵôˣӨӨʲôˣ
ոջȹȹͷŭĴƱƵӨӨҡһ䣬һֻСè˵ҶСߣίίصǸᱡҡ
ʲô
ҶСһȻŭȵᱡҵŮˣļݣֲ
ҶСǳϷרõĺ׹ѥ顱һ¾ԱƨϣԱʹɱ
˵˸Ͳ˾ˣȫһȺϷƱѣۼ֣ҲʲôļϷˣļһʱһϵˡϷĵӣΧ۰շ׷׺Ȳʣðһʱ׶
ֵòɿѲ߮ͷĲ˹񽥶࣬ٸΰܻǲ˴ÿѲ߮ͷʱ⡣ᵶǰȵ˭˽ͷ֣
ǴȺһۿҶС죬ʱһ㶣ǰ˴ġǹôȴ֪һһĹ٣ʶѽеϷ
һԱλڲһλһһˣǵʾֹͲССҵĹȴ֪Ϊͷ¶棬ﻹӣ¶һֱۣ湻Ұ
Ա׵شӵһǼˣϽеϲͷ죡ץļţϷԸǾʹְ
ͷϲͷһ⻰ʱһףȵ˰ץ
˭˭˭˭Ҫץˣ
𡱲ббزһնƳһ顰˾ǧٻƣϲͷӵһƣҪץˣҽһ
ЩĶ棬Ժڽǽ˾һٻƽҲõֵֻһٺ»ǻʵĽЩĸүǲ¾ллˡ
Աֻϵùżȥ
ʱ̫ͻȻһУѽļǮû
ѭȥͼ֮Ǯ䶼ˣΪƿҲֵİռһɶ

ٽƻʱһ˾ƣҲϷۣϻʩ£ǱߵļҶƿе֪ǽȥļˣǻӣٲһͨЦ
ƲڣλСүͷһΪ˶ľԳ棬վһ죬ڶûˣֻùС￴ţ˵ҲǸ߹ӵܣΪСүƨȻ˹ӡ˴ʱҲڣǸϵļҶͳࡢʩࡣ
˵ݣȻܸ˼ҵļҶ˼ƽϣ£ʵļö٣
һģ٣ǰļ䲻͵ߣһҲġ
ڨڨص￴ϷͦడȴһǾƿʱ򣬾һӰӡ
ɧⷨӿɰôҲǸٻҪͬſٲһҪļǮҲͰˣļǮҪ䣬Һοգ
ʱСżҶǼҶ̧һӣӼǳءǵ£ӷһϣСʾƵؿ˿һֱ̧ӡ
öӣ
µһƬȻվڽǰҲɧվ˿ǿγһƬȻȫɱɫǴĶŪôӣǼ㻨ǮҶţ
СǣôⶼǺСүļǵһˮǶ裬ҵȿУ޶ԣǷģǻһֱȥǶһˣ
ţţ
ոмعȥͷ
߰ȻһۣԲҲѧءǺ£ҲУûǸ꣬ͱļǵǮףࣿȥࡣ
СЦ֪ͺãҲ˵˼ұڹȻҪӣôҲƣǾͲ̫ˡ
ŭһ۾ҪȥˣҶСæסӨӨ޵ؿŶǻˣЩôǵģΪ˾뾡취ˣ֪ǾģҪ˵ʲô
˵Ŀο˴ģһ뵽ľֽҪʧܣ˻Ǿɥĺܣصһֻ䶨ˣ֣ǴĶôӣǼϵӦð
룬ŪôӣΣȥ顣
ҶСô飿
ΪǼٵģߺߣ¶һ鲻ףϾͷһûô
¥ϣһɫӰߣεķ磬ԺƮ·賾¥һõ˴ָᵯӽס¶һ˿Ľ֮⡣
ֻǣȴҲ֪ݱһλݸ߹󡢾ֹ׵Ĺ鹫ǰЩԲλ࣬Ҫ˵أֻһϦ֮ȴҲ롣
ѳסһļѹӣȻˣԶԶȻʩﴦ˫˵Щʲô˫ȴҲ÷ۼҶСһ·磬˾񱭣һڣ¶˵Ц⡣
ڸõּ˵΢Цŵ÷һңָµЩҡϽǰһĹ͵͵һȴʧط֣˼Ҹûлعһۡ
Ʒ븹ζ⡣Сļķ̵ģλ˫ĹۼҶСǱܣҪĹֵ֪пˣǿΪ滨ڷĲҶС졭
˵Ĵưһõķϲˣ

Ҫ˼ҵδϡӨӨΪѵؿҶСһۣҵʱǼװԡǱˮ뿪ĵ͵͵ϵĶĴûйΡ
չֵ̯̯ôأҴͲ硣
ҶСЦǴΣҲҪġ£ͺãܲܽǰİﶼ
˵ӮҪӮù䣬ҲҪֱ׳ŮҵİΣҪױģĳҪǿǾ䰮֮Ӯǣ񲻸ˣĳ˲ŲмΪ֮
˵Żһ̶ظ˻֪ˣŪˣ֪ǴĶӡ
˸ϽΧȥһ˵˵ʲôӣ
ǴĶŪӣ٣СоȻȥԵˣ
ͬصԵ
Сɣ̲飬λȨأСүˣϾǵϣСмٽ⼸λҡײƭȥЩȨһһվ裬Ūӡ


10 С
İô󵨣ôɣͲǸ׵Ĺʷ㿴ҪҪ
˸ɫ¶һ˿յЦݡ֣Ǿ¶ͱȥǶܵһ⣬ƣ͢ҲᳫģȻֶЩףʲôϳͣȴʵʵ˰
˲ͷصʲôð취ɣ
֣һͲʮô
ɫһ˵
ѾռȻҲȥȨﻯԵһȦŪЩǮ˵ѾѹһȦܲܺƤȥѹһΰɣ
š
˳Ƭ̧̣ͷ򼸸飬붼˵ͷ

̲ԱǮ˳ƤЦⲻЦ˵Ŀ´ʣֻЦеȲ裬ԺȴڻռеΣ
ŶȣһصǮˣļ֣֮١СֶȫԸϧޣֻҪҿֶ飬Сֶûʲôҵ᲻̫ˣ˵ıΣ
Ǯ˳ﺬваգȴֲΪ˸ʲô٣ֻǿЦݵúúã٣ȻҪġȴ֪ٺʣֶǺǣǮĳҲǿٺ»ӵˣֻò
˵˰죬Ǯ˳Ȼ񣬲ʵǮˣ𣿡
ŶˣˣǺǣãðӦõģǮǮ
Ǯ˳Цݿվ˵ϵǱ飬ٶٴҲܲͷϣҪǣ˵ϵͿ쵽˵ˣ˲صȴҲ⣬һ¾ǡ
롢ҲƵΡȺ֣СүЩѴʵȨĴٻѫӵܣ֮ΪףΪĹٶ󡪡Ͼ顣
ɹܾ˶ԵطϵӰʵСЩ˸ĹְСʶˣСЩҲʶЩѾȥѹһ飬ЩԱЩˣȥкýɣ
ǵĸ׳棬Щ˻򻹸ЩӣֻƾЩСֱЩȻְǵĸ׵ЩȴҲ˵ġϾǵЩҲ˼˭ûڳﵱ٣ȴҲ̫Ƿˡ˳ȥʱȴҪôŭǻҪôͷɥ
¥ϣŭصдǴ򷢽лأĲŸҶʮѾ۱ǣǧǮүӾôֵǮ
ĵص֪ɣŴү㻹˼ҸӣǮ⡭
һƼûУⶼЩ顢ɰƽʱҶǳƲĳҲ˼һëΣȻЩ·ͰҴˣԻּǮǮ
ǶЬñ´߷ߵһӣͼ¥ݴŲ죬һ򿪵Ļ¥˾ص֣ʲô
˫һһʥͼ֣أĪʲôŶѽǻʥӵɣ
һ۵ɴĹۿⲻôӣޣīûأ
ͷһ˳ͨЭղ¸ղ¼溲Ժ̶ѧʿƺȻ
ˣһҵ֪ҵ첻ʷ̨ȥԺʷ̨һȦЩļ裬Щƽûû˵ڱͷǹѧʿǾ͸ôһ
ѼͷŵĴһӣ¶ö໭Ͳһ͵־͵ĻЩܵԣƴѧʿͷûֳɵƷӳȻдһ
Խ˵ԽգƾҪǷųһţҶСּۿ죬һѽס
һۣϲ㡣
ҶСӹǷϸӨӨ߷ߵصС磬㻹ʲôϧȥ̫ңԶҪȻҪæùǵȥЩ͹Ա
ҶСĿ˸΢΢ҡͷЦֻл⣬ûлֻҪи⣬ʯͷҲӼۣ
ʧѾ̫࣬ǲٱϣҶСѯˣһջϲչҶС΢̣Цûģȴѿ˵ʲô˵ˣ

ǰ涼ż屨ģľ壬ϱ߻ܣЩҪʾڵϢͻ档Ȼһϣŵطڹʾϳһݷǹٷġ
˻벻ؿۣʱǡϵסˣٺ֮ԽԽ˼ʾǰȥһʱŶʼˡΪֳ
ϾȻҲ˵˶ӵ٣СǰϸϸһС£ûصСӣҳʲôͷʲô֣ȻҪǲ֪ν
˼Ц̫ˮΧְʮڣ͢Ȼκֵ֮͢²ּ֮Ϊ͢ǣΪΣ̵з
ֿЦ⺢һֻ֣ʲôˡϷֻҪһ־磬Ц󷽣Ǿ֪ˡ
棬һ棬չңȻԶ߶ЩĻŻŵĳҶС죬ҽеʲô
ҶСٺٵЦһģһֻҡβ͵˶¹ͷС͹֣һܹм£鷳һ¡
չʶһЩ¶ĹʯһӵԱߵĺӹȥ㡭㡭Ҫʲôлú˵⸱ɲɣûš
ҶСȴûԼʲôԣǾԱֵøЩôҶСһϴδΪκ٣ϾǵʹǧŮǣҲýʶһЩɣ
չصʶ𣿡
ҶСʶ촽չиˣȣôôûǼأ
չƲʲôһ̬ǻģ˼ͷŮһ𡣡
ҶСɫĲˣһһصķףһһصϰߣԭŮӽȻŮˬֱʣͬĻʵĺŮ
չ⽥ȥûص㵽˵ʲô
ҶСǰȥ
չǰһָüվǶ˵ġ
ҶСΣֻվס˵һ


11 ʨ
ǻ׹ݣžʵȻʼһҲˮǴˣ˵ԹƵıȽܸ̫˵ϻˣԻʵ۶ܻЩӰ졣
ˣκλүԼһʣֵǶҶһֱѫһңɲȫǿﶼע⾭ӪЩ죬Ҫˡ
ʩ¶ֻȥһΣȻȫȨСиˣֻÿɽˮƺʲô£ʱƲ֣ƾ͸˼˼
Լɳưһȥ˼ʤɶȤȥػӣȺ࣬ٻޣλүǿۣΪһԵʡ
ȻɽȻȤƱȥϼɽһΣ߹Ժ䣬ԺԼηǶ죬̸ļ仰żȻĶУһȻվסˡ
һη̧үȥر̲鸮ϵĽη˵鹫Ҫڰ¥ʲôǸϡͷһ
һηټ֣νֻǮµģԼΪ˵ݸΪ￹ã˸ʡ
Ƶ˵ʲôҪ
ǼηŷСү߹ˣϽǡЦһ⼸Сӵڣʲôģƾһµͷ˹ԹǮ
΢Ц֣ҿϼɽȥҲգȥɽˮȤЩ⻰Ƶ»ƵȻҲȤǾȥơ
ƺɱ߰˸¥ȥ
¥⣬ʨӡرţܾۼİգɽ˺
ȼ˱ڣ̹СŶлǱһͣ˲ô˵ѾʾһѷسȥصıмûըĳӶ
Сվ·ߣʢֵĳ棬СʧЦڸʲôôڣͲûʱ²̨
ʱ˹Сļһ£СͷһƺɣɾϲصӴСүүλôҲˣ
üͷ¥ⲻҵĲҵôôʲô
ϵĹٻ˼Ҵྭ̣̱ϾǼҵ֮ڿڣùԱݵıΪԼĲģ͸ҪЩԾж¥ǹؼҵĲҵﲻɲؿ˹Сһۡ
С¥ƽʱҲڴҲҪⲻҲżȻŴ£Ÿôʲô˵ǰȥȨļ裬˼Щö͸ˣЩöɡ
˵С̲סЦҡȣ΢Ц֪ǾҪʲô֪ˣߣȥơ
Сһæү뿴֣ǺãϸһϺõż䣡
ɵǾ˵һգȥСһ㶣̶ȻæԣԶԶԣǾҪۿǶۣ
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˼״Цݶʱϣ˵ССҶһоваҪʧܣǿɶѼȥˡ


12 ȡ
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ֺ֮ɫƶӣڸʲô
ʱҶСͻȻ̨һָЦⲻѾй͵ˡ
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ԶԶؿţЩɻصǸͷе죬ôһʱ벻ء
ʱ½һЩ˽ǮԱҲĴܣ½Χµ˴಻ϵã˰ΣǮԱȻᡰһǸˣǸʶ̫·˼ҵĹܼңʲôĪҲμ
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Щĸ߹ٴԱǲܲһⳡ¹ᣬûƷ˶Ǯһλ߹ȨߣǾ׶ˡ
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ҶСûٶܣһ仰͹ˣԱǶжӣҪгϢõ·Ψһ·ǿƾ٣Ҫ߿ƾ٣ƲѧһأػкܶԱԸ⻨һǮΪĶʸͶʵġ

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Ʒһֱվһߣ仰΢΢һЦаһףҴ绹еڶأ


13 
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ƿĿɿڴβѹζܻصҲɣ
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չ̾˿⻹˵˭Ӷ˻ҧְ鵽˱ĺܣþͺáƫҪȥûӦĻǰӿҪˡ
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ǮԱдʱûߣùԼģ˺ۿ̫ǲҺ±ĶϣɼۺûǣһʵĶû򵽡
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ǮԱ׵ǰһζǶ˹ϡˣϰ
Ƭ̣һȻ𷽲ŵľ˶ʱһ壬໥һȥ


14 
ɹ̨ϵӣǿţа׻ɢҫ۵Ĺâˡ롢ϲ⣬ε̨ϳ
㬵תҪߣȴСһסСү۲ߡ
ƺһۣ߻ΣѵҪǰϲһ
СǲҪǰϲҪϸ硣
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ˣȻôͦţܹǰӭȥߵǰ˹ֵķӣĳ
û뵽һ߰ƻ˷ΣЩ⡣ҵĵλ߳ż࣬ƿͷ˶ʱӣҲôߣæֵⶼֵǰæλСֵܳߣĳҪСүˡ
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һϯСүлƣ˵˸ͬ˷ſҶСͻƷɡëֵܣǸ

һ磬ҶСȥȡȥ̹ȴɹϢѾиϾŴ׬һʵ١ƹϢȻܵˡ
١ƹһҼ̵ʳһȥ׬һЩȴҲֵá˵˶ǹٻӵܣż̫ߣһֽ̼ȥҶС졣
ҶСһȻϲҲʡߣһһҵؿˣ١ƹü۸񣬱˳ȥ档ͷ͵汻ҶСӲҶС졢١ƹһȥˡ
ԲأҶС˵ϣصҵͷըˣЩٹȥɣȥԿףȥӼȡ
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·Ǻ˳ؾͽ˹Ӽ࣬ʱЩסѧУ̫ѧϿΣšʱѾЩ桢ҶС١ƹȥ˷ֹסޡʳͲִĹӼ˾ҵ˾ҵкȥ˲ֿ
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Ʒɫһ䣬Ƶ棬һȻǶ˿ˣƷɼæƿӣʱе磬ãӶˣ
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15 ׷
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ǲԼģӻǿյġӼ˾ҵѶŪ֮ɫüѿ
ΪٵйӼѧ￪ԹӼ˵Ҳһ£ҹӼڰȫĺܣŴӦΪ˵ݴһҹĹӾڹӼ౻ˣӼ񲻳ɣ
һѳס˾ҵӴӼ࣬䶼˿ֿĴȴ𣬻˵ôȻǹӼ˼ԵǱøһ
˾ҵȻɫΪǼĴѲֿԿ׸㣬Ҫ˵ȡӣɵҲҹӼࡣ
ŭƨѵңԿ׸ңѵͲеڶѣһӵԿأңβҲԿ״򿪣ƫҪӲ˿
˾ҵЦһźü޻ǹӼడ
ŭɶȭʹ򣬱ҶСһסҲȥסĸ첲ǿһߡ
˾ҵһҪ֣ЦȻǽǺ簡ȴ߸ǹӼ࣬ڻҪ˲ɣϷˣָ¹Ϊߵڰףɲǽֵıô
ñףŭſңҴ϶
ĽɱȲõ磬ƵĹ٣ǽҲã׹ҲãһĹ٣ǾͱƵģܸйϵûϵЩĹǾ˼ѪƵģǰͺ̵سըҲ
ο˾ҵǹӼĹԱʿ̵Щѧܶ඼в׵ļһȭҪǴȥ¾Ͳͱôˣһͷѡ
֪֣һ˵ĸˡҶСˣ֣ʱֵʲôã籨ٰɡ
汧ţָԼıǼ٣ľǹ٣ұ٣ҽ˿ˣȻȥҲ참һԼô
ҶСεصô참򸧲ھͺͽ𣬰˰ӣ
£û§ſңģҲſ
֣ش˼ڴ侲ר˾켩̽ӣҲĻɫ֣ӣһףǹӼµ֡
һЦ˾ҵΪ׺ݡ˾ҵȻ°ͣǹӼࣿҿ㻹ϴԼɰɡ
һֱƨɣǹӼǽǽߣſбӰʮ̧͵ô͵ӻ˷ô
ҶСɫһ԰⣬ûˣ͵ӵһǰ᲻ӣֻ޷ôֱ˳Ӽࡣ
ҶСصŲӣŵ˼ţص˰ӻΪ㣬һߣôɢ˳Ӽ࣬͵֮ٻΪߣǴԺǽ˳ȥġ
ôһ˵Ҳ侲ɢ˳ȥǸǽϣǽ⻹гӡװӵӣ̶̲ˣӼбѲߣǽв͸Ͼ鲼Ѳ߮ĸƵǴǽͷߣ类ˡӣǾǲӶ᲻ȥ
ȻԣֻܰӴſߣ
ҶСת˾ҵ˾ҵˣӼڣ˭˳Ƿأ
˾ҵһôһ˵ǻɵ˹ӼϣʮַУʧ԰ͷڹӼ࣬޷رܣֻ㬵صȻмأг룬ҲǼǸ֣ܼġ
ҶС΢Ц㹻ˣʱѾҹҲǽֹģôмʱͲ̫ʱڣ˴󳵵Ķ뿪߷Σŵ˱Ȼǵ
ϲüңʱ˹ɳĶȥֻһ˷룬ٲȻһȺһȥôǾɵˡ
˾ҵЦ˵˵ȥǻҪҹӼࣿ
ŭôӼͲ鲻ãӣĪ飿٣𡭡
ҶСĻ֣𣬲֤ʲô״򿪣˵һʵĹߣҶͱ˾ҵ˺İǼĴǲɺܹӼ࣬˾ҵΪѡ
˾ҵô˵÷ɫ
ҶСû˾ҵʩһ񣬳Ͽҵص˾ҵˣѧ٣˵ĵЩСӻҪ׵ĶࡣЩ־ģ˿νɥ
Ҳ֪жĴѩϼ˪άӼ飬¿⣬ȷʵʧڴˣҪϴѹӼɣ͸ǣ
˾ҵ˲֮󣬷˵£ĳҪơ
ҶС˾ҵˣ
˾ҵݺݺһۣȥ
ЦӣȻԹӼɡ
ҶС찲ο໹δףֲô˵
١ƹۼһ׮ˣòɥͷǰλ˼ȻǵѾӰҲˣǣ
ҶСҲЩй˹֣ۿ١ƹĳȥȻһ£Уôߡ
һô
ҶС١ƹ뿪󣬱ȻѴȥ˷룬δ￪˻ɹӼҲ˲¼ңٽֵƣʵб˽ҡ
԰
Ȼ򣬵ȥ׷ʵ
˵ſ첽׷˳ȥǽ١ƹĲǸֻ̼֣ҪԸˣ١ƹһˣȻٶ죬Ҳû˱ЩСסӿڳĵˡ
һӼҴҸƵɫ˾ҵҪѿ֮ǰѾϴѵ˾ҵһ٣ˣҲûбİ취ƿҪ׷ģںάӼһϢ˵Ӽ̫ѧǻߴȡƿӼȻɨء
Ƹϵֳ߷ߵذһ˵ã˾ҵǣȥһӼˣСĴ£￪ߣ
һߣĿ̬֮ʱȥȻʶǶƿôˡ
ǸģɹӼԱѧУѧӼˣҲǸˣЩ˳ȥҪô٣ҪôǵطϼӰ𣬹Ӽƺϯǿ֮


16 ׽ع
ⷬȻǼģҪˣҪ˵ǽ֮ӣҲȫںȨư˺ϳ̫ѧȶʩӸƲҲѡ
Լ棬ֻҪɿһЩѪ̫ѧǿؿſʥܳȥνʾڣǾͻ˺䶯ȫĴ¼ֻ¾֡˸Ĺλǰ̶ҪܵӰ졣
ҲǶˣȻĹٵλӼƵæ֤ԻѹӼڵһλλŷȥ
Ҫ˾ҵͬҶС˲鰸Ϊ׮µľ˾ҵǳô鷳Ȼ⡣
˾ҵҲ֪һ£ƶΪãµҲֻ㬵ҶСǰȥ鰸
Ӽ๲ĵŻƽʱֻǰšӼмơ˾ҵة䲾ȹԱⶼǸĹԱ⻹̫ѧʿѧѧ¼ˣѧʦ
ˣг⡢ܡѧ㳤ˣѲҹ򡢻ӵۡӼһ⣬ӡʷ伮ΪӡֽʾӼĿӡݣȻкܶ๤ˡ
ȻӼԱɷ˸ӣɰʱֳӼ˻ǲ̫࣬˾ҵһȥǰţǰŵȡճԱϸһѯֱ񳿳Ա
֪ʲô£Ǽ˾ҵأȴҲҵϸһ϶ػظ˾ҵˣûУŵһʮˣҲֻͬУЯԳͶ
಻סʵ˷룿
ȴǵˣ˷룬ˮҲмء
ҪȥӣҶСѵѿֻһ˽ΣǾƺ˶ھƹݡ
üֻΣǲˡ
ƷɺëⷽһֱҶС󣬲
˾ҵûʣ˿ǿӲﻹ浣ĸѧĸִע⵽һʱ̰ȡ˵ĻǹӼࡣ
ҶСһߣȥơ
ִӼѧ˺ţŵ˸٣һʮˣʡ
ϸģ˾ҵȥƽʱŻΪƽʱͷ⣬ϸۣûʵĲۣȻҲܿġ
ë̲ס磬ˣûǰûпɵ˳ӻܷ첻ɣ
ɫӲ˳ȥô
ҶСһۣһ仰ߣȴû˵
û˳Ӽ࣬ȻǻڹӼڡ
˾ҵȻҲδ֮ɫѿصôѵǻҹӼࣿ
ҶС̾Ϣһ쳣Ͽҵص˾ҵϵ¸أ¡£޲׮ӣˮʯֹܿ࣬Ӽ˾ҵҲɱܵۡ
˾ҵ˳ˣ㲻˵ˣϷ򡭡Ӧǣ

ˮһꤣһͷķƽɫ¡ŴѲЬĴСڣվһֻˮͰɿ˫֡
ϱһ̺֡ޡ״˳ҡͷꤣǱñֱһȥ
Ȼ֣ѽһꤵҡ´һҽУ˸Ͻ˵ڣ̽ͷȥëû°ɣ
ϵ˾ͷˣţ˰Σһֻ͵̽˾棬סһשһ͵شӻھſھڣһˮ
ˮԶҷͷԲñļҡȣؿ⾮ڵһĻ
֣Щ˲˾ҵôҲкӻ룿
͵ܴСڳȻ֪ΪʱסѼң֪һЩǱˮģˣǲŴɨϸɡ
ǲѧѽȻкӣ⡭ƽʱĲ衭ѽ붼ҪŻ
ȣ۲Ϊ˵ΪڹӼѾˣ¶ͷһơ˾ҵλˣҵѧǹػ
ǰǰ
ǴӾëǣϱ߷ꤵľҶСˡëǹһؾˮҶСҡҡͷ磬ûС
ҶСüͷһң
Ƕƽ·ٰε˾ҵһڣ룬Ӽࡣʹǵ˳Ѳ
ԶһӰһĸӣ̧ͷǸйǴСѣһͱѷˣֻ񵰴ϵһϣҺͱһ
Ա߼úܹ۹⿴Ĩ˰һҺ˻߿ˡ
һطߴķᣬͻƷɸԴһ䷿ӵݼðͷңңضҡҡͷܿ죬Ǿ˷ӣӱһ£òæ

һ䷿ԾƣмСˡ
һԼѮң΢롣һȴֻʮ꣬üĿ㣬ģ˿̾Ǹ곤ļϵġЮһڲ˸곤ļ곤ļһھƣһƤǣԼŲͬѰĹϵ
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ſˣҶСëǳ棬ŴˣüĿЩŮСѧ˷ֿ곤ļ˫§СϸţҪһھƹȥͻſڳˣŵţȴ
˼λˡ
ҶСһ˾ҵǲֵɨᣬģֻǼһ£ܿߣλ̫õġ
ҶСëһ°ͣë߽ȥף룬¹񣬷ڴߵĻҲ˿һ޶Ȼץסݣק˳
ëһϽѻȥŤͷľδעԼľٶϽװµ߿ëͲˣҶСҡҡͷҶСЦˣˣλ
ëǳȥҶСλ·Ӣۡ˷ţ§һţĿɿڴؿſڡ
é棬ǿֽţܻڡȥһ߽һҧгݵֹӾͲˣֻҪڹӼ࣬Ҿһܰ
ߺȻŲһϽһߣ½״һ߽վԱߣһ߽֣һߺؿŤͷһЦǿ¶׺ֽš
ǼΪ񾭲ˣŵô£ϡ


17 Ȼ
ҶС˰ѹӼ෭˸׳죬ƣػصʧֳʵټһӼ࣬Ǳѵô죬ӼܲӵĵطȴޣȺеĵطҲܳΪڣһѵľͿˡ
صʧֳ󣬼˻࿴¶ɥ֮ɫ˾ҵصΣڿϴҹӼˣ
Ѿø˵˾ҵЦһͷмȥԽԽջ𣬺ݺһȭϣģһⲻֻˣҪһΪթƭƿĳǵù
ëӣҶСڨڨص磬緹ûأæһˣȥԵ㶫ɣ
ҶСһ۵֪ԣʵš
ҶСߵǰ˵֣𼱣ӹθҺú˵˵һ·϶ʲôΣʲôرһҲҪ©ˡ
Ҳչԣ˵˵Ǽ˼棬˵ᷢʲô
Ѿϣˣصʲôر֮ð¥Ļ̧˾¥ϲͷʹʮӭˣЩ커Щƣһ·Ӽ
¥žֻӼˣֻ֣һ·˵Χв춢ţҶûиһֱǣ;ûͣˣڵڶ·ͣһ£Ϊʱ֧ӭ׶·
һӭ׶飿᲻˳ҿ䣿
ôܣƷ󣬾Ľǣ߻һȦ죬˭ܿ͵͵һӻпܣĿ֮°Ϳգӭ׶ȥǾͼߣһֱֿſڣûͣ
治ĵص;ûʲô˻£
صûС˹Ӽ࣬˾ҵƣ˵һ£һʼ⣬˵µĻǵѧŴӦˣ쵽⴦ⷿȡԿ׿ţҰ̧ȥԿ׸ңҾ뿪ˡӷֵطֲõ¡
ҶСüͷţ˵꣬ϸ˼Σδκ촦ҶС췵ֿ߽⣬ϸ۲ֿڵΣֿǴڣﶼѷǽߣƷɺëҲģʲôûС
ҶС߹ȥϸ˿ǼӣǱѹĢ́ͷⷿ˴ţֻиߴһСǴһ˶ߣֶء
ҶСߵֿߣ¿˿ƵɽͷʱߴһСΪַķӣ˴ɽǽ￪ȴӡһשҶСשȥ۲ȴӡ
ȫǻңϻһƣǴ˿ûҶСϸһŷִӱӶڴϣǶʴҲû¿ĺۼҡҡͷִש
ɥصûʲôɣҪҪ¶ˣ
̾˿㲻Ҳ֪ģ֪ʲôãӻǲˡ
ʱ̧һ߹ľɵӣܳأ»̧úܳߵ⴦ֿǰʱǸ̲סеţЪЪûˡ
ǰǸţǵ˫̧أһͣ½Ųӷ£תЦ˼ЪӣϱͿ˰ɣ
ĵǸЦһǰ߻ЩһȾͶڹϣȻˡҶСȻ̧ͷֱضǡ
˲δҶСһ̧ӣǰȥҶСʶظȥ緽ԣûùߣֻƾ˫̧ӣΪֻ̫һϥǱ㶥ϹӣֻС鲽쳣
̧ӣ߳ǰߵţתսǲˡҶС컹վǶֱȥĵط񡣻Ʒɺëǻ࿴ȥʵ磬ôˣ
ҶС૵ص̧Ъһ̧Ъһ
ëǵ磬ЪЪأ˵ô㶯Ҳ
ҶСͻȻһ嵽ǰһץסļȲص֣ղ˵ǳ˾¥֮Щƾ̧䣬ֱڶ·ӭ׶飬Ъһ֮һֱûͣ
ҶС켤֮£ץļۣҶС״鼤⣬λ֣ЩæӦ
ҶС˵ûͣʲô˼һ·̧䣬һֱߵֿǰм䶼Ϣ
룬϶صԣһ·ûͣû磬Ҳûͣôˣ
ҶСɿ˫֣ϲصˣˣԣ˵ͨ˵ͨţ˵ͨģӦ˵ͨģǡ
ҶСȻֿȥ˶֪ض֣æһѷظȥͼҶС嵽ǽǣƿ䣬ƨɣӶ̽˽ȥҲ֪ʲô
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ˣһİۡҶСӣӭŴָϲصˣˣ
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ҶСϲɫصȷһ£˵ҲƵشܹȥ׷ߣͼҶСɽǽ°ש
ǽ£Сĵذשһש񿴱ƵĿȻһߣһ飬ϸٷڰῪǿש棬ܿһ棬ֶŵع۲
ۼҶСⷬٶɫһͻȻ¶ϲõ飬ѿڵˣҲˣ
һ漱ˣ˵ǾʲôҰҶҪˣ
΢Цֻ³߰˷֣ΣǻǵСֵܸǰɡ
ʱҶСѾվ֣鷳һˣ˾ҵĹܿⶼ
಻סصС죬㾿ʲô
ҶСЦصҲ޷һ˾ҵˣҲ⻹Ҫ˵һ飬ˣһ˵ɡ
ҶС춺ɦֻüҴȥ˾ҵ˾ҵӼ˽˵ӼѾɣƵɫÿ࣬ѵ˾ҵ䡣
˾ҵ֪ȻΨΨŵŵسǣˣ˾ҵӼƷոճһˣ˾ҵ˵ҶС췢ưĹؼͷһȥɵҹӼͷ˰ɣ
˾ҵҵæϹܿϵʧԲֿķɽǽûʻҶСѾʵ˾ҵˣשͷ˭ġ
С£˾ҵĻ֪һͷܿ⣬ܿ룬ҲǺӡҶС˭ϰǶһҲ¡
ǹܿⲻ˾ҵ˼飬Ȼհ죬һСܶ뿪һͰѸȫһ߸ˣоͰ̧ӵˡ
ҶСһʣ߸ȫãȻ֪ԶԡǶûɽǽѹשͷҲδעɽǽʲôʱһשͷ˭עЩء
ҶСһ˵ڹЦˣԭˣԭˣ


18 ̽ҶС
˾ҵ̲סԭ㵽ʲôʵ˾ҵͻæڰ֣Թܿ۵ˣûǵˣ°ɡ
ܿ۷׷ɢȥ˾ҵȲʵ㾿ʲô
˺ܶ£ҶСĿоâתȻͻȻͨһ£˷֮ȴǿƽ
ҶС˵ʧ԰ֵܶǰĿⷿǰҹĿⷿǱֿ⣬˿䣬һó˳Ӽ࣬Ǹܵġǡ˵Ĳأ
ҶСĿһɨ΢¶֮ɫ˾ҵëǺͻƷһ㵣ʧӣ
ΨЦԽԽʢȻҶСĻѾͳһƶûġ
ҶСӣ˵ֻשͷֻǰһשͷһ˵ɽͷһţǾ׶ˡ̺̣ܶҲ˳Ӽѡ
˾ҵͷһשһĿӣһ̧ͷשͷשͷ
յôܣӣ
˾ҵһۣ㵱ʱûӽϷ鿴
ŭѵӶ㲻ɣ
ҶС˾ҵû˵֣ĵȷשͷ
һڽԴ󺧣ˣҪ˵ҶСŵҲ֪שͷʼΪӡӣѾ˵˰
Ŵͣ૵صôܣôܣ˭İʲôʱİ
Ʒ룬һʣ磬ӻû˵Ӽͱ˰שͷΪֲ鷳˿䣬ٰשͷ
̲סЦΪѾשͷǲҪ뷽跨͵ȥ
˾ҵٻƷɵһãȻëȴû˷ǸԽһ˫۶ҶС죬֪н͡
ҶСЦҵͨеĹؽڡΪѾשͷǲҪ͵ȥﻹӣ֪˲Ӽ࣬δػᶯˡ
˻һãȻ͵ܣ㻹Ǵͷ˵ɡ
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ҶСεİ˵ʵҲ֮Զ϶ڰ¥İǴҷװʵשͷʼģҲֻڰ¥ͱ˵˰ܡ
ҶС쳤˿һֱʲôʱʧԵġʧԵģ͵ߵߵģȴһֱһ£Ǿ̧ˣ
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ҶСܣڻȴܶ϶䱻̧¥ʱѾǻˡӣÿһ䶼ˣҪĸ̧ҳĺܡ
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ҶС˵·ֻЪһΣӭ׶龭Ǹ·ڣ֮Ҳûͣһֱֿ̧⣬Ǹ·ڵֿ֮·̻ܳЩƸո̧ʱôˣô˾¥ͱһ;ЪЪ
¶Ȼɫ΢Ц̧¥ǱˣΪ̧ӳ¥ĹѾ˰
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ͬһˣ͵שͷΪֻҪǴӣװשͷϾܲµڰ¥ﱻ˵ġΪ˾¥֮ر𾯾вѺˣһ·Ǹûֽš
Ȼ򣬵ˣڹӼʧԵģôЩмģ͵֮ٷһשͷȥԣֻҪשͷǾȷںδֽţӶҳˡһҪשͷ͵ȥڹӼʧԵļ󡣡
˾ҵ˷ܣڿǻɣӼڳϴˣһʱ䣬˾ҵҲѪţ˷ܲѡ߯ƻЩҲ޲ϰˡ
ҶСûԣʵǷֳ׶Σһ׶Σשͷӣֻһ׶νСڶ׶ΣǴðӵשͷӶ֤ݣݺ
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ҶСǼ۰ӣľͣЪϢ뵽Щ̧ʱ⡣ʱͳ⣬ҲǿյİƮƮһ·ֺ̧ͲͷˡȻⷿģȴǿӣѹĶأ
͵ܷٶȼӣؾΪ֤⡣
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ëĦȭƵصߣȥ¥Ⱥ˵Ҫӣ

¥⣬·£ҶС켸վŶİ¥˾ҵҲʱŪףǳԲ˯ˡֵصһ벻ͨڰ¥ôİأһֱǵ֮ڰ
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˾ҵ̲סڵ׿ڳϵӣ
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ҶС΢΢۾һҾ¥ٺãҲôھ¥ߣЩӶвͬŵӡױץסʵݡˣ߻һЩԻƽּ۵ģ޴ӵ֤
˾ҵüͷһ壬ǵӣܲʱߣ
ҶСҶĵľǻߣԴӽӿֶѲ첶죬ҹʵ飬ӳȥοѾĨȥ˹Ӽ֤ⷿݣнǷֵ磬ӻδߵĿܼ󣡡
˾ҵ׵е
ҶС΢ЦҶС˵Ȼоݣ
ʱһƱڵظ


19 éٿ
Ϊ˷ܣЩ٣ҶСҰ˴ˣ˳֪ͨˡǣһǾ͵˵ɣôɣ
ҶСôɣֱӳȥѣ
ƷȻ磬һأı󶯣ô
ҶСûصܵˣıƨ壡
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⻰̫θˣ϶ЩСУֵǣȥҵķԸ¡ظϸѣֻҪѳߣǳԾȥ
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ҶСϵЦԽԽʢ߳ȥٻ
ƷɺëǶ˵ӾȥУһĻһе֪ˣ֪ˣ֪ôˣ
ƷɺëҶСָٳȻһЩЩ̧侭ǼϤвõģڶѱһģһͣӣѸһ䣬̧ߣհ¥ǱģûбˣѸ֮
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ҶСߵУһס漤ߵǰֵԹС΢Цعӣ˵ĹȻ٣ǣһһ޷ϵ֤أ
СԽթҶС£ɵѣôһ˵ͷرһͰ͵ص㡭Сʲô֤ݣ


20 ߲
ҶСҪ˵ˡһȺҶس˽һ£ʧˣľô¶ᣬᣬ˵ǹСɵģ
ȲصҶСҿյףæȱ𳳣վһȥС˵
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ҶСһЦǴкˣתС֤ݺҵ죬¥İһ·̧عӼģֻҪ֤䲻ڹӼʧԵģ˸˾Ӹϵô
Сɫѿ֮Ӳ֤
ҶСЩ̧뿪¥ֻһ·Ϊӭ׶·ͣЪϢƬ̣ǰ˺δǵļһͬװӣЩֻҪŵյ·̧һ飬һ·ЪϢҶСߵͷ
ҶСʱ˵ͣ˵ʱɫС·һֻεȭͷӭػһ£͵һɫҰס
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СƱ磬ҲԶˡҶС΢Цת˾ҵڣȥӼⷿשͷʱΪʲôҪӶ˻ȴˡ
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ҶСţΣȵ̧ߣˮ£
ЩӺųüˣлЩʧ롣һȥģ¿ëûǵķԸͰ£
Уξ˵̧ȾһţˮͰϡ̧ˮͰ˰ѽһеˮͰʧֵ䣬෭ڵϣˮһأһööҲͰɢ
ëüЦصҵˣҵˣ
ʱСҲӺŸ˳һΣתܡҶСеץסǿӣҶС켱仰ͺͻƷС׷ȥ
Сųˮȥһ·Щ̵߲ҶСͻƷȥ谭׷ϣ̵ֻӽŵվڴΣȻԶԶĴҶСһ󺰣ץס
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ҶС׷ҵˣɵģ
˼һʱ׺ݵĿСһӣһ߳СЦչصģ֣˵ɣءأ


21 ˼ݵ
¥ſһ桰ȡӣſڻվĸƣֹ˽롣һ࣬С׵̱ڵϣ˵۵Բغݺ˹Сһš
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СүˮһǱСȥ˽ģСһҶС˴¥ȥˣȻԼĸ֪ҵֻơ
ƺеʱڸϺȾƣСûȥȴϾȻ⣬һϢɺҲһˣ֪Ρ
һۣصСүСô
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üһСү˼ǣҸþôˣ
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˶һۣû˵ëϳ壬Ҫ죬ȴҶСһѰס
ɻǰ˵˹ֵС˾ȷʵӡ˵ҲûһѵҲ͹ˣǼλͽΰɣ
ԥ˿룬ϵĳ嶯֮ɫҲȥ
ȷҪ͹С׵ĺܣ߲ô˰Ӽ˾ҵΪ֤ȻС֮ӣҲܸǣѹСͽΣƱذѹǼҵС
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˳ƻ˰ҶС죬ʹϢˣҶСͬô̽ѯؿҶСһۣҶС΢Ц˾ҵ֣һգ
ãӣߣòˣ˾ҵҶСһۣȻҾһ񣺡µĶ飬ĳˣ
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Сɫһ䣬Сүˡ
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ԥһ£ԹСˣڡ㡭ѽ
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Сһɫʱˡ

ͷүΣôĶȥӨӨ˵尡ȷӨӨꣿ
ӸϽ߽ҴˣҶСǱѺģСÿ϶İûģ
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ָɣɼȫĵұ۷һݴ·Ҳ̫òкǲϲɫ΢΢һûд𻰡
еϵ̲飬˵̲ģ࿴ۣص̲ʲôèܽôҪ״ҽ긮ȥ
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˵С´æӼģҶҲûڽǰˣݵñţɫһЩĶģ˽ǻţ
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һͺˣүӵģʶ㣬˶ӵԴһ£ۣ
ȻŶԭǸү
ʵ̲סˣסԼ䣬ϵĽ˿չʾǿܻصɴǵĹۿⲻҲǷ㣡
ҲѹļҼֵܲʶʵϾʱûĵططİԱҲѷϳۡ
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ξһ趵ĴžͲȻŭʵǱ飬Ʒ٣ΪξԽۣ
һϽ͵£Ĳ۰Ǳ͸ķ
ξʵԼˣķͷ˫ǣΨһǼβ̫ԡʵ۶ܸԼӵķΣҪ˵ļ⼸ֵˡ
ĸ߼Աŷͬʱʵۻ԰Ϊʹͣ͸һЩ󳼻׹ݣ˾Ϊ͵ķ
ɱһ⼸ӣ˭֪ǲʶһڽгֻۡøϽһ¶˿ɲá
ļҼֵһôҪз㣬үѾؽ˳ǽ
ɳûƢˣص˵Ǿǰɣ̲ʲô¶
үӹЦͨæϷİŮǻ˵ҶСմˣҶС˵Ѻ̲ܰϷҵŮϷл
үӵݸɫϴӻһ˵ߡһʧеҶС죿ʡȡȽʲô֣
ү˰ѴӣϷģŮӨӨ
˫ĿһϸүһۣĵĹĸףԭĹŮӣѹֹԭŮӴͬ˵ʲôҶСմŮ
ЦӭȥүӳҾһ񣬱ϹϾصԭүӵ棬ɣǡϵŮүģѰȵ°ˣ


22 ԧ
¥ϣҶС졢˵ȹưˣһϯλľҶС졣
ҶС쵱ȻһϯĸλҪ˵Ǵ֮ǵʷݣܸ⼸λӸȣҲֻһǾݣйǿ߳һ
ҶСȻȴ˺ӲȻˡЩ߹ӵǹȻЩԴĿˣһĳˣȴҲǺںԷĹְġ
Ⱦ𱭣ضҶСҶ͵ܣ㣬ǼɳﲻôӣȻҪƵһˡ͵㣬ҵҲȻҲЩӣٲҪǧָҿ͵ܴǣҵϴˢףСǵСˣⱭƣǾ㣡
ҶСЦ֣ô˵ҪɱֵˡֵͶϸһٹ١һڹ˽С춼ý߾ܣĻǾͼˡ
˹ЦˣᣬҲĿԡǾͲ˵׻ֵܵģ͸һ˷׷׾ٱӦͣһһ
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Щ˶ΪͬİòŴյһģǰ˵ֻôһ䣬δҶСĳʱҲİԼֵܵԵʡ
ҶС̾˿ЦСٰ˵ҶСǰ˵һ飬˵ƽʱһ٬ģǹٻ˼ңһˡ
˺ǺǵЦ˵͵ͲõˡŽѾ̨͢൳ŽױʾҪץˣͳĻû˸ðűΪŵķ鷳
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ЦûûεĶҶ͵ܺһϽ°ҿǸøү˵˵Ȼǲܣǳһ£Ҷ͵ܵ±ҲЩ˽ᡣ
ظû⣬ȻϵǱģȥ˵仰ҲӡοҶ͵¶ֲǣ̫ߵȨλΪһæ
ҶСһϲæٱˣСͶлֳˡ

پ˳Եʮֿ⣬ȵϯɢȥҶС졢桢ƷɺëǴż־⣬˵˵ЦЦ߻ݣԶͼſվ˼ˣڶ
ƹӳϣչ̫úͶϡʱѽأȻϽ㺮䣬ϾȲôģ϶磬̨ȥ
ҶС˻û˵ЦѴ˹ȥϻۿأչѾһ˫ƳĴӭչصҶС죬㵽ĶèȥˣֱʱŻ
ëǴͷ󡭡磬ҿ˵ţ
չݺݵصһۣƷɸϽһ£չһ߷ɴëʱԱס˭չֻǵһֿۣҶС죬ӨӨ˴
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ҶСһ⻰˿̶ȴӾˡӨӨ˷ӹߣܻܿ£ʱʩȣȴҲĿܡǱӴߣô죿
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ҶСصСү˵ƣүôʶģ
չûصң˭˼ˣûѾˣ㿴Űɣ

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ҶС졢桢ëǺͻƷվڽֶ档
ҶСüëκŵǱǼҶ
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Ʒɵ磬ô죿
ҶС쳤˿
ëǵ
ҶСҵȥ棡
һյĹ֮󣬡ۡһҽУҶС챻κĸ̨˳ƼطɳԶ̡һˤڵϣƷɺëǸϽǰ
ҶС챻ˤ߻أֻǰðȥʱǡиŹʾɹϵȥҴ˱Ҷ̨϶벻δִȴκˡ
ǰеصҶ͵ܣû°ɣ
ҶСЦû£벻κôԵǸҡ񡯵Ļᰡ
ëĦȭƵص磬˼Ҳ㽲ûˣǳȥɣ
򲻿ɣɫçײκ
ʱһź멵κ߳߻żΰǿ׳ļҽҶС죬ͣסŲº͵ʵҪƣ
ëǴصСǸʲôģ
һҽȵ󵨣ӣ
κӾֹ˼ҽߺȣҶСصС£ҸšСѾ׽УҲܵҸѵ⣬ڹµΪֹ𣿡
ҶСӣ²ΪģµŮ״ˣʱ׵ľܡŮһ棬ʶܴһǸŮȥ
΢΢һȻԭˣͬȥǵˡܵҸ𷣺󣬹үžЩȤȥԶˡǺǣԶǰŹ˵˽꣬Ҳʢš֪ȷһλĸҲȥԶλԵԶʡ
ʱһ߳ʻǰǣƥҶСʾ⣬Щҽսκﳤȥ
յҶСߵղλκǫ֪о֮磬ǸеֵܿɱȵģⷬӦò١
ҶСü˵Զʲôˣ
ԶĹ˳һ˳ƽĴսݣϣǨΪݶָ֪ͬعʮ꣬Ͻӡƽ
֮ʱ˳ַͶƽسǡ漴λ󣬷Զȯֵأƽ˼ݡ˼ϵ˾˸˵áϮģ˼ҺүӦڱǣȴ֪ؽǺˡ
ҶС°ͣ˼Һ͹ԨԴ˼عݣ˼ݡ˼סˡãҵҪ˼ҺˣסС


23 һƺ
ԶһסڱǣÿһɸϵӵؽլԶڵҵһԶ壬үĳŮ޸˴ˣ͹˼ݡ
ƷɺܿھӴ˹˼ҵҶС׵ԭˣ
Ʒɵ磬ҿ˶ĹƺⰡ
ҶСһ㵱ҿӨӨ˵ʶ֣СӶӨӨһֱڱģ֪ҺӨӨĹϵġӨӨĸףǾͲ˵ˡ
ëǵǰݱأλߣñ㿡ûжʮ곾֮ԵԼϸ룬һŮҲԸ޸ү
ҶСͻƷһëǣëǵŴ۵磬ֻʵʵ˵
ҶСûصԺܲ
ëͷӣʶȤزˡ
ҶСתţüͷ
Ʒɵ磬㿴ǡ
ҶСҡҡͷˣ᲻Ѱ
ƷɵȻᣬһ֪ӣͨ
ë̲סѰҪҹ򽫳ȥ
ҶСԣֱȥֻܴݾߣӨӨֻǻϡ
Ʒɵô죬һֵүӻģԴɴĲ
ҶС룬ߣǵȥܲ͵͵ȥ
Զǽ£Ʒҿ·ûˣëǴ˸ơëһƣ˫ƽͺȵ
ƷԳһԾëһȣëǡ١һ˫һУƷɽƴһɶߣִǽͷϣ漴ͻƣڵϡ
ҶСæǰûץȣû°ɣ
ƷҡͷСܲûץȣֻҴһɨԺоʮ͵ĶȮÿ죬Ѿˡ
ëǾ˼ô๷ǿô죿
ҶСüͷ룬ߣ취

һСƹڣҶСëǵãڿƷ˽Ʒɽ˾ƹһɨҶСëǣ߹¡
ҶСʵˣ
ƷҡҡͷûУٸ˪ϣҩûԼҽķӣҽҪﲡģò˪ῪȥõⷽҩҲ٣ʵᡣ
ëǲԺأǶ໨Ǯ𣿡
Ʒɿһۣ˪ġĽ˵ҩ̵Сƹ񡢻ǣҪǮſϴӦ
ëǶʱ
ҶСͻȻһĶͷǺͿˣαһҪ˪Ϻ̫ûа취ߣǻȥ

˸棬ʱүˡүӺӨӨλֳڴ¯ʮ˷ֳͮͮ̿յڣˮ硣
һ˫꣬ЮһƬ䱡ֽƬڷˮ̣ŽүǰС΢Цүӣһζء
˵ţְһպڵƵүǰүպպϣϸϸƷţ˵ͷתһʼӨӨЦݿɼˣӨӨҲ
ƽһΪһŮӶģ֪ŮȻֻȻԼĸ顣ȻҶС첻мһˣ䲻һӨӨ˼ãΣ
˭ԸļүӾȻ˽꣬ʱ֪ӨӨҶСθļǼԵģ˵ϲ⣬ĹĸԵĻٷְûгɹĿܡһϣ֮ȼұԭӳҡ
үһĻУ΢΢һЦյүӶߣĴˣλүòƷԶһһĺã͸˵ˣǵ̫谮׵ܣҿͯŮĺš
үǹ˾ó͢ڹΪָʹԹүΪĴˡүӿ˿ˣٿŮź˵ͷЩ⶯ˡ
˵ıŮȷҲʻ䣬ϧΪ׵Ľߺ͹ֵĳ谮ŪùݵϵЩүǴ֮绢ӨӨȻǹɫ㣬ɱŮȻЩȴҲڲ̫ࡣ
Щ˾үһ뵽λӨӨΪżиִͻмʮϰٸ˸ܣͷ۵úܣȢһλɫѷӨӨĹҲԸ֮ܵ
ֻйǸɵηյ׷İŮҵҲǲүȻּˣ˭֪ıŮȴϲҶС졣ҶСЩҲˣļҲָſŮ
ҶСߣֻжʮ곾ԵͲܹܵˣ˭ϣԼĶŮһҸ֣ʮıŮʮ꣬Ƕûг꣬͵ùؿշ
һ˲ţһһޣΪݣܵٳӰ죬ͬʵѾͷٲҪ͹һλҲһǼԼıŮǺүˣкβã
뵽үЦеص˵ͷٳɶ˵˼

ûиҶСȥԶʱѻصݡ
ſڣһԻмƸϹųɴĺſСӣŹӻƬֶż˽ȡ˹ĺ˰̯̻ѾԽԽŨˡ
ͣſڣؿһٲݣЩʱڽ̫ͨѧ⣬ؼһǼѣֵöȹˡ
Ϊӽڣס࣬ԵЩ塣԰УȻһλŮһ괹£ˮ濴ıӰȻһͬΪ͵ĸо˹ȥ
չ
磡
չæȥѹı飬ӲһЦ
ǺһЦչ£
չʲô£ֻǡֻӨӨԭۼؽܻ磬֮⡣
ЦЦôΪز˼ңΪҶ͵ܣ
չҵصôܣҡҸҪΪꣿ
չкøУϲչˬʴ󷽣չӨӨŮУչദʱȻһЩۼΪ࣬˵չ֪Ĺͬáѡһӵ£²õġ
չֱ˵һ죬ֱԸ񣬲ƽΣ߾֮󣬸ɴ̹ȻˣȻͷĵص̸ʲôòõģҶС졭ϲġ
Ҳδϲ㡣
չȻһ̧ͷ
鳡սһǱ̽䡣뵱ǷҲϲֶһЩۼ˼ĲˣǱһڳ£ôأ÷˭
չͰ͵ص⡭Ҳ¡ҾáҪӨӨҡ
΢ЦӨӨģǺǣǾҪĹҶСˡ㾡ܱ⣬ȡᣬջҶ͵㸺Ҳɣ
ҡҡ
չȻ


24 辶
չһ۶Ȼһϡʵδⷬεеһֱ᲻ҶС죬ŮҵֺӨӨ֮Ľ壬ʹڻϤҶСӨӨõκֻԹ԰ûĸ顣
һƽϼһԼ룬ⷬûеȴĪ˰ɣҲҴѡ˳˵
չոնͼҶСصݣչһĿӭȥ¶һЦСҶС죡
ȻѾ⣬С硱ʵΪ飬չһ£ǽͰ͵غҶС֡
Ŷ㿴̫ôҶСһչ㼱ʵûŬԼչ¶ᣬһھ̫õ䡣˴ڷ
ŶҲڷɣȥǡҶСŻƷɺëǷ߿ˣչҧ촽ҶСıӰĳٶֺۣԼӡ

Ҫû⣡򵥵úܣ̫Լأϲ̵ҶС챣֤¾Ͳ鷳ϳˣҾܰ쵽
ҶСϲҾ֪һа취ݣ˲𣡡
̫õõҶСлϲգһ
ëǵĵصɣ
̫õһۣ׵˭˵ҵĹƶֻͨ£
ëӲ֨ˣëһëëججӣ»ʵվǰẦ£Ψ̫ãⱲ¶ˡ

ܿ죬ҶСͻƷɡëǾٶȳԶǽ¡˹һëС磬и
ҶСչȥһϲƷɣ
Ʒһ͸Ǹͷϰһֻ
ҶС˳ȥѹЩߵ˿
ƷɰСĵ˳ȥһأͣһᣬûʲô̽һЩûж
Ʒɵ֣ôûҸոǽͷϿм󹷣мҶء
ҶС°ͳˣ˵Щ˼ĹǾרѵģιʳԣĪǡ
ҶСδˣƷɱһɴͲֱȥƷӴһץס˷ܵصҧסˣô
죬æҶСëϳȥκƵץͣǽߴǹɴ
ëһͣһֵصԶʲôôô
˵䣬ǽͷͻȻðͷݺݵصǵҵԶ͵ǱܣƾҪǽ
ͬʱΧǽͷͬҲмֳֵǹĺҽ˹ҶС״ϵߣһ֣ǽӴҽУ鷽Ÿǰκӵĸǹ

ҶС˴ͷɥظϻݣԶ޷Ǳˡ
ҶСһһ룬֪Զϵʵûб̫øĹƳ棬ת룬öϿ˻ףҪסԶôļҽˣǵֱլҵӨӨ񲻳񻰣
ǰۿݣͷǡҲм߹һɷģˡˡ
ĸԶҶС죬ЦС͵ܣҵҪѰ㣬˵ôҲŹСǣӳڹأǴģȥףһ¡
ҶСûɵصȥɣҽû顣
˼ߵǰصôˣʲôѵסôˣ
ҶС컹δ𻰣ëȻҪ˵Ե¶δѵסҴ磬¶ͬҲˣͷ˷壬ֻҪһˣ׼ù
ˣС͵ܲǻûô
ƷɿЦһҶСӨӨ¶⼸˵һ飬˼˻࿴ɵԶϧҼҸûʲô򵹿Ĺ
üҸЩҲûʲôǹ˼ңһκõġй˼ҳ˴С͵ܣĹֻĺˡ
ҶСɥصӨӨ״ߣһ涼ûϡǻ˺һôģ˷ڴ⡭
ҶСôǶԼûģǶĹûģ
ҶСü̾˿Ҷδûġ
ͬص˵ҲǣݣδȢޣȷһв
һֱԱţһ޲ߵӣһƲмҽšмȮԺ岻ˮòôԶ̶ֲѨ
ؿᣬٴţ˵а취Ƶġ
Ȼ㻹˵а취
˸ţЦ˰㣬²㣬࣬а취̫߳
ҶСȴһϣ֣а취
Ȼؿ˼һۣҶСһͷ

֣̾
صذҶС˴ڰ˾һԺ䣬̧ͷһǰȻš̾֡ơ
˾Ц˵ᣬ쵽ʲôĪһ˴һɱԶȥ
Ҳֻͣٷϻֻܸҽȥ
ֵطǲ׼˽ģ߻лҩ˾ܣǽ°ٻǡǽʹ˲¥磬񲿹ĶӹСȴ£̾Ҳ׵ĺܡ
ʵֻҪ֣̾һȥϾĹӣֻڹӼ飬δ;صĸŽӴ̫١
ĹֱڹڹټͱϽְܲͬһЩ籱ǵı֣̾˵ɱϽڻ¹ٹı̾֡Ͼߣ˾ϾϾڹ˾ҹϽ
˾ϾĵɺԱϾڹ˾ǹꪡ׹ʸȾеƷıܺͷš
ȵȥҸˡǴԺ˵һҡڵһǩѺƶصСӾʲô
ߵǴǩѺиС̫һˣæЦٻ
ţֵذڰ֣ʵĹأ
С̫ЦСأСȥ
λĹĺܣڰֵ˵ˣȥ
ݣһµģģֵ豦ˡ


25 豦
豦
Ĺϴ˰СӮһʣʱڲ˯ԵɵɵģͻȻѣԽһʱûתһҪ豦һӾ뵽Լı̧ͷ˿
һϵŵСӣ߷ŵľġ
̫ࡰȥơԺ󣬶˸ġʮӣǻ뷽跨Ա档ȻûзҺ˳ȴҲ˱桰һ֮Чİ취
ǡȥơԺ󣬻ѡװʯҺѪҺˮָ֣Ȼʯңٽ棬͸ͣװСľϻܷѡƵգھӴϣϼҾڵصģ˰ѱԼ
ڸߴԢ⡰ǰ׷Ŀꡣǵļ˻յ̫ɶӻıϣΪһˣĿȥڡ
Ϊܲ𻵻ʧˡʱͻմɵĻ߽ġĲϴһٵġװϣɼٵľǼٵģ²Ծˡ豦
̫С̫ࡰ豦С̫һС̫豦̫УҲõı˽˱Լվͻ᲻ᡣĹһ豦Ͼ뵽Լġȥ
ͦ᲻õģһۣʱȻûصҲǽǼҪǱðǸϴҼǼ
˳ذĹ˵һ飬ĹͲ󣬲ʮͷĹϵһ򼫺ã˽»ϻһЩҲǾ壬Լ뷨гˡ
ĹɫصǱ˾Ƴרִƺˡ
۵ϻ͵鰡ܵģ
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Ĺɵ˵ǼѾۼҶΪƷɱϾǱ˾Ľƴġ˼ǿԶһ׷
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ĹԥƬ̣˵
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Ĺ˵ͷɣҾ͸ˡͷҾͰӱ̲ϻֱ֮ӻٵǧҪ˵Ǵұ˾
ЦĹļֵܣ£㻹ʲôĵģ
Ĺߡһ㬵ص£ۼҲŲģ

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³һһ磬һ֮ʹȫҰءȣȫһʳмСݳ־Ҫ¿ͷԳѱݹߣײݶߵˣϽֵ˶·°ڴʱ˸ӣҪȻһ˽ֹӾûˡ
ҶСֻˡҲ׼ˮȵӦڵʳЩֽǮԼдλʳʱֽٰǮˣǸھ˹㻨Ǯ
ʱŮףýֽ۳ɷɶꡢƵ״ڷٻñϣԴ˺нյϲգΪ¡ġ¡аôСͭǮСһ˶ǴһҲŸǮˣͷϲˡ¡
Щ¶ȻҶСٰ죬Щµ̫áλԴ˷ǳģ̫þͲ˵ˣԴһ󣬶ҶС̬ҲԸı䣬λֱѽݵԼļ԰ҶСһ֮
ϦҹҶСͷĺƣ·ƣֵǵƣյͷϵĽ𲭽رעĿ
˵˶Ǵӵܣ⼸æǽŴףһʱҲ˲ҶСۣҶСҲݷݵݹ˴ꡣҲˣүһ˲δ뿪꣬ɴԶҲҲǡ
죬мĵҶСëǺ̫Ժ̻
Ǵ󸷣з̻Ʒִ̻֮࣬ȼʱرֳͼ̻ܹɽרŶһúķѼӣҶСʱߵôæûôӣǷŵĶЩڡˡһ
ˣëǺ̫Ҳ÷ǳģԺһֱ˷ЦƷȻССǳĬԵӣټѡĸ˫ľ飬͸ˣͯδëǻá
ҶС쿴ͷֻƵĴȥëǣҡͷЦëʱһĽʵСëҲûܿ࣬¼ҹһԼҵӡ
Ʒɵ˵ͷпصǰëĳϧѧ
ҶСҪ˵ԶԶС죬ˡ
ҶСһ̧ͷͼˡ˴һµشԺ߽ЦģͷһƬãơɶꡢһĽֽ
ҶһϽӭǰȥֵ֣֣֣֣´죡
˵ҲЦ񣺡鼪飬Ʒơ
˵˼Ϊģͷתˣֱղŵóš
ҶСЦ֪æֵ֡
üɫصѹǮǿûգֵȥ¥
ȥʲô¥ԴȡǼûСء
յҶСߣǸ缸ҲƥôǳҸƧطɣʡæг
ҶСһֱڵǵϢȻãλԵȣϾ
չϣһ鲼ϱȻţȻ֨ѽһҶС
չϽѲףŵվ
ҶС̽ͷˣҺǳȥ䡣
Ŷõģæġ
ҶСͷһˣչո˿ҶСԴವһð˳չһۣɵصǲʲô£
չֽڰصûûа
ŶҶСֿһۣŰɵ߿ˡ
Ųſڣչ˿ص齱£ӱ׳ƥ˫ϰǹŪţɥصⶼƥˡ
ȻΪԼ͵˵ɣһΪһӣ⣡չеģ


26 ͻ
ʮĵʮ͵ƵĺӡÿʱܹɽǾƼУԼĸֻơ
ʮ쿪ʼԵƣʮֵĵƻᣬ⼸ǲصģɰճ룬ͨﵩ֡
ʮ磬չ̫ŷݣҲϷԪʱһֳĻ
ԶСͤ£һλݹĹԱø輧ΪͦӦģһסݶҪǧߣ߯ᱡ߯Ʈ졣һ˿˿һζΣס߲Ҳ֣ʱһȥػķҲԻĸߵͺͽԶ
չŷˣ뵽ҶСϣҶСǸ߸߷ϵֽ𰣬ﳶһ˿ߣܾɵĸߣԼǸöð
չţȻУŤͷһҶСҴȥչæҶС죬ȥ
ҶС֣ҸȥǴ
չ۵ƣ𣿡
ҶСѾ߳ԺˣֻԶԶ֣û˵Ҳû˵չü⼸ôϴˣÿ춼뿪
չȻ뵽һҶСʱһȳһյģϥԵĲۣܾҶСȥ˵Щʵ벻⾿ҶС˵Ǻʱˤһ°ɡ

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ãúãү£һۣЦеصүȥô
׵д˴㣬ɻӨӨһͬȥ͵ơ
үӿ˿ŵСϻӣһѾͷϷءѾͷǱϷ軵ˡ
үŴ̾˿ϷҲ㣬ϷԹү㣬ǷǳġáƷáòãҼӨӨһҪתųɣϷһȺŮһ˵ļҲôһλʵڲ޿Ѱٻġ
ףףһү̬־ϲʮصνʯΪүӣͷİɣһҵĳлӨӨģ
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ӨӨǻЦԽԽϣ˫ַЦ绨
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27 
ԶһСѾ橵ԺУȻԾվסˡડһŵĵʧֵ䣬˵֣ҲܲˣָſдСֵؽѽ쿴ǿ쿴ôĵƣôһƣԶˣ
Ѿͷ׷̧ͷȥͼһ޴ԽԽԽԽͣͷӹǾ޴ӰסڱգΪ֮𺳡
𻰵ĹүүѶ߳վԺ׿ţүƶص˭Ŀƣôô󣬻״ģ٣˵׳ۣ
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ӨӨŴ۾ֳֻͫ״޴ƵĵӰӰԽԽԽԽʢӣţǶƻҶСЦߡ
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ӨӨҶСһƿأƻգүӵĿɿڴؿȽȽȥƣǵԽԽԶһֱɽԲԲ
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ţ⣬ӵɫʣôС׵أ˾øӡһдһüɫشЦһһ


28 Բҹ
۱ǰΧ۵İԽԽ࣬չ̫úëǡƷҲվȺУԶԶؿվСͤϵ˫ӰԶ߿һ־޴Բ£ƺ˫ӰС
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ֻⲿ״װκ͵ƻҶСһʱӵװΣԭֻƤӷƵһԲⶫǱ˾ֽ˷ԭƳɹ̽飬ھá
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ȣ޷ⶫɵ̫ߣǼܻṩ޷ݶⶫɵһصľ֮ϣ䵽һУ͵©䣬ôĿ꣬벻жѡ
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ŶȣζƷŲ裬ԱһЦŹӣǳһ
ûԹ˿棬ЦصСӣһף
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ӨӨɲǸϲֵĹؿҶС죬Ҫ󷽷˵СͤܵĿѾ಻ס۸ߺ

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ŭɶûүɫҲѿ˾ʵڲ֪˵ôźá
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29 ջˮ
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׾̫Ľ̻壬Ӳ裬Խ׳һʱһү⻰صүΪˣȴҲȨ泯͢ٵ°ֻҵĸ˽Թڸ
үǺһЦɵ˼䣬˫һɵص˼ƿô
ү΢ЦүϷڣǸƷ֪ҲЩѶȣһС٣˭Ϊ˹үأ
š
룬˼صүʵգԳͽ䣬˺ޡһ⣬ǲͻؾǣȡϾǣ֮飬Ҫ鷳үˣ
үȻ˷ģֻҪܰϾǣϷܰ䳾Ҳܷ


30 ͨ
ԪѽͬӣͨݰһҹҲͨﵩһӭĵһ񻶵Ľա
ڽԪѽڣ촦иʽıƿͣǱƶܹɽĵõƻ𣬾Ө͸ķ·һˮǻ䣬߷顣
ͨһƫƧĶԺȴͨݳǵĻϲȻͬԺֻԺſڵһյƣںᶶɪţɹ谵Ĺ⡣
ԺӲСĽϷ£ȴձĶ࣬⴦ԺסƺҲܶ࣬രڶ͸΢ĵƹ⣬ԺſյƺվǹһǶһעֲǵĴڡ
ԺʵѹֵúܣԺż߹ĵģǲҰĵƹƮһĻꡣÿ˶ŵģƺԴһЩͻԺѵõƽ
᷿ǣһڳССӣǽܵһЩľƴնɵģŰкܶѼķ϶ֺӺ
һַڶǲס˵ģȻ˿ǶȴסһˡеһССӣǽǶһСû̿ʡãõȵЩ̾չ⡣
һڻԣ̰﷢΢ůϢ޴ڣʱͻһѺϢŷǽﴫӶñ
ٽֺͽůһЩȴҲʹ˶ֽŶʱҪŴ֣ʱɢǵȻһ˴ʹüܱ
ŮѦˮ裬ʢһˣССĲһССֱ˿̣ԼһƵΣȫ׾ʲô
СиĸԼУδķ㽣иССʹǿһУͳͳûˣһƬ沨ĸƼһ紵һƬˮֻܺ޷ɰڲ
СһֱǼ£˳ܵһСѾߣοŽǵʵĴǣˣ˵İţ˧͵ǡ
ǵãһ죬ϴ裬ѣ齱ߣ·һСűһǿߢȡӴ룬ȴͻȻһʧϹܼҡ
֪ʲôϹܼɫ԰ֽϹܼûж˵ʲôֻ˰ߣһȫǴᣵĳӡм٣ӳгʱѾһѺܾû˾סĺԺ
һͱĽԺˡˮ迴ó˶һֻ̻̲յĸоȴȫǾʲô֮ĴԽԽ̬ԽԽӣʱɨѾ
֪ʲôΪ˾ǣסһġС磬Զֻͷһգƺ޶£ȴȫͬ
ֱһ죬˳ǰǼ˺ȻǵӼ͵ǵ˧ױˮ軹ǲ֪ʲôһܷĳӣ뿪Ľһգٴӳгʱѵ
ʱԼ˵׸˲ˡˮ뵽׸ܾܿ͵ʱģףһ޹СŮʲô˶һ㡣
ԽԽˣķ޴ڣӶ춳ˡԵҲ٣ڵõʳ٣ЩܿױڿĿĮǴ̹ǵĺ䣬ʱ䡢䣬и䡣
Ҳɨǰɡ
ˮԳ룺Ѿүչ٣Сˣүץǧ࣬ò׻ص磬Īغȥĸֱɽʯ
òˣ͵˧ȴܵݷ˵ͷ˾ǣΪ߲ʵĴɽЪЪƣģǴɽҲ¡һ̮ˡ
С硭ˮǸΥ֣С鸣죬ү뿪Ůˡ
ˮԳһЦѾ춳ˣЦݣ̧𶳵úͨͨ˫֣ඳգǱ˧˽ӻˣ˧սɳһ˽ܣеǿ˲֪Ӧòǣɡ
һ󺮷񷿣ˮ˸£ЩԪѽڣĶҹ°նȼѽڡϲȸԾʱůģֻһ΢Ļ⡭

Ժһ綹˶£ɫƹѹüֻͣ˵ϣһ룬һȴһ׵ĺӡ
˵ٱηǳܶƽ̫ϹϾٰͽˣڶ伫عڦ̫
ԭ˾ݼ̹⣬ٱĬƬ̣μܱʮأȴͻȻιݣҲΪԵʰɣ
Ц侮ʯ˺ܶ࣬˵㣬˵ǰҹֻҪŵˣ̫ҲؿŽӼ׸رľسϵУǳ֮͢ıɡ
ٱ㹦𢣬½֪͢ˣ˴Ħ⣬˵йӦϷһչԱ²ּιܱˡ
ݼ̹־ǻ׵ĺҲ΢΢һǲ׽ӰԻʵ˵ȴˣܱ֮ȫôɡǫ˭ûиͣ˭õˣ
Σڳ͢ž㣬Ĺؼǻʵô롣뵽ݼ̹⻺صٹٹڦΪ壬ֻ֪̫뷨
߷صôأ˳ɻڸ̫ĺ״˰̫ʡʱʮ̧Σǰޣе¸˱£˵˴Σ졣
˵һ·֮ϣعԱӭͽᣬÿˮ½ʰˣ̫ûкϿڵĶиؾŮ׸լ°ˣô˵
ݼ̹촽һĻߣĬΣŻô˵
ߵ²Ȼŭʹ˵Ԫ꣬޸ǵλʷ´ѽڣնϯ꣬Žȴֻ˼ˮ£ڿ˵ǽʡΪ
ɢعֻˣŽ¡Ｚگ¼֣ԼããһĿڲһޡڴʦ
ѧŻʵ˵ΩΩФʵ⻰ŭ֮ԣǲģ֪µģ׶仰ģֻǹˣһߵҲͺ֮ˡԹ
ݼ̹촽һ£¶̫̫̱ˡˣ̫ϵ£ǹ񣬼ǻ壬ȥʹΪΪ񡣹мܽһĹѫ
ڸһЩ޿ɺǡ̫ΪµʦԱҪϸһЩǿαֻΪʦѧҪһЩΪ˸ĸߣԼҲϣԼĺӱԼøá
سΪ˸ĸ֮£ĪӵİԼӸĸĸ߶ȣѵʶƿʲôʱ᲻֮Ϊܴ裿


31 
سΪ˸ĸ֮£ĪӵİԼӸĸĸ߶ȣѵʶƿʲôʱ᲻֮Ϊܴ裿
ǰžԣԼһжʥ͵ı׼Ůڽ̻ʵۣڻʵУⷬģڻϤһк󣬳׻Ǹ覴õĵʦ
ݼ̹һγĬʱˣãŵ˫Σ
ʵ˫Ǵ̫뱣뱣ͤ˫֡ڷ뱣Ķ֧֣žܶ٣ڵȨһչб
뱣ž͢͢λ䣬һ޼䣬žܵ㣬սպյǣ⵽ʵ۵Ĳ¼ɣ뱣ĴȻҲù
Դˣݼ̹Ⲣһ֪ݼ̹ͨʶ䣬ɲǺǧѵһ⣬ܴһǧŲĹҵһ˲ѧҲˣ򴦴˳⣬ʲô¡
ھҲжĿΪ̽Ϣ뱣Ľ֪ܲ˳ʵȻ뱣ֿʷ뱣ܵôǣ뱣ȫˣ¾ͻڿɿطΧ֮ڡ
ǸȻ֪ʲôҡҡͷѲ⣬ںܶ¶˵
ĽȻݼ̹ҪģִʵôΣ
˻ص˾ųڷ빫߰ˣ˲صúĺܶϧǵڻû˭
ݼ̹ɫһ˫аѱУ
˵ǣųõһЩʷֲֲ赯빫ʮ꾡̫͸빫١ſҹ顢帱ƽʮ㶼꾡
ô꾡ݣȻǷ뱣ĸ֪ģôҪ飬ǵĵѾ֪ˣһӡݼ̹ĿâһҲ˵
žΪ׸ٺǰʮʯӴʮ൱ڵ飩Щ˶Ҫ̸ˡ
ºʻʵ۶žӡ޸ž˺ķ뱣ʵۻԼ𣿻һūô
Ǹ߼ݼ̹ɫ΢䣬æְοٱҲ̫ģ̫Ǻη빫ģո᲻̫뷨ɡ
ݼ̹ȻԸˡ
ֵٱУۼܷ빫иٱΪ¡ֻҪܰ´»СôûдˡֻҪվȣ̫˾ͱ˼ɣһٱľҲı䡣ԣٱȥһ·гֻ̣ȷ빫ŹһأͻʰЩǣ˵ٱϵݣؼݵּˡ
ݼ̹ĬĬص˵ͷʱǻ֪˾̫žѾų֮ͱ˷뱣һʵ۸ո͵ƻص޹֮󣬱˷뱣ʮ
ʢʵ۲Ȼŭھġ顱ˣʱžѾ˻ʵ۵ּƶһְˡ
˵⣬ȻֵǸŮˣ
ٱ΢΢ףߴһĨ̱صŮ飬硭絶ºݺһС
ٱҡҡͷ̫һŮӺθɡĳһɱ㣬ȴӲһŮ¹֡
ߵһϢ̫֮
ٱصŮɫΣĳҲˡʥˣǶԳ͢԰ա𢣬ĳ̫ˣοδסˣ֪̫֪ѷһˡ
̾ٱǸ֮ʣˣˣٱͰˣǧҪ䵽ͷֻᱻô¡
ٱ˵ͷܿ죬߱ñӣȻ뿪˹䡣ٱվڽϣĬȻȥۻá
ԺһǣһССĲݣݵŷ͸Ļ⣬ٱ֪ǸŮӣ˿Ķҹ
ɱˮ裬ǻеĵ壬߸ϵĴôܹעǸŮӵһһ֪ĲѾ̫ǨŭǸŮӣʹܵŰ

ҶСص䲻ã͸ϵһ˵ϢסҶջǣһ磬ҶСʹëǺͻƷɸҶջ
չ֪ʲôȥˣĬĬĿҶС뿪صԼУóǼѾ˼üӣѾˣֻһջûзͣǣ͸˼ҵıҪô
ҹվͤϵҶСӨӨչ֪ˮΪοûԹ޹ӨӨҲûԹ޹ҶС죬޵ģֻŪ˵졣
ҶСΪӨӨһУֻĽ޾ĽôϣǸվ¹ŮҸϧֻһΣѺֻһͣվͤ£ĬĬ֤
ƵɢŲʱʱһأһɤӣǵı̻һֱȼŵĸ죬ʱл̵ζȻչ߳ſڣһſڵһ
չ磡
Ц߹ȥչҪתݣȻ̧ͷˣǷ硣
Цչ磬ҹ۵ȥôչһᣬҹʵʵݣȥ۵ƶãҲġ˾
չȥˣͻˣ缸ʱġ
ȥһЩ߶һ£ĸʱ򡭡
˵Ȼ˿ĶԶԶţΪǸʱſһ·ǲϣġ桰סһչģ
ҡ
չЩţסߣһӶ
չСֵӣЦҪ佱䣬Ŀ״ϣüëһ֮ʵ˵ˡ
չ̷ɺ죬ϣȴ֪˼ңֻ߲֣ڰصҡҴû·ԡ
ЦûʲôûʲôҪĲ·⣬Ϊΰһô
չȻˡͨˣ˾Ǵˡ
ͷˣԵ׷ŮɽŮ׷УɴչĶ䲻ˣԲ
չЦ·
ʲôôҲǸ٣ü첹ô
룬һתչҵһ£
ǼƷӴҴȥչ֪ʲôȥˣֻվſڵţһЦ߻չضչ㿴
չһһֻϵѪӡĿġչȵصʲô
˼۾СȥŪļѼѪСɲҪô˵˵·ʱȾȥġ
չҡҵѪȾģ
صշãҸû͸˰ʱҪжģһжˡ


32 ү
Ҷջƹſͷˣӱ졣ʵذӲôģϲͷ·ӵײ˵̹
ƹġ
ƹġ
һվڹ̨ϣһŰػţʮͶƹֱһҳ꣬ƹСָһһ飬һϼƵ̧֣ͷõصʲôѽ
ǻƿƹģ֥԰֥԰ûɨ
֥԰
ƹ룬Ȼ뵽סһҺµĿˣһҪõϷҪЩģöŶԺֵ꣬˲ֲ࣬ס꣬ԿĿͷ࣬ƹľͰǰŵ֥԰
һһĿջн԰ַ񣬿ͷĴԺ乹ɣ֥԰֮һ֥԰ֻסһλˣƹļǵҹȥίλ˻ԺӣԸȥǮʱǿ˻գϴӦ
ǻиǰȥ˵ͰһöĵǸ˵ϣǸ϶һͨͨıӡӣһҧŽ٣һ߾ͻϲص˷ˡ
Ϊ£ƹĶǼʵΪλɨ԰ĿƢɶãɱǵǲˡ
ƿƹģǻ̫ףûû˸ҽȥ
ƹķȻãôܣЩǿЩȴҲɱ˲գ۵ǿĿ˻һǻǺܽƹһ˵һ˲Ǻŵ뿪˹̨

֥԰ӨӨλֳԺӡİԺһʢˮĴױڻУ¡϶һʯʵʯñ۰һߣñ۰סǽʵ״ӡ
ϴս˿һڵӲŶѴֵĹͷسϴ󣬶ͷʺԡ沿٣ûһŹ
ǹӼеֽʵһӳȥܴ˵ĹͷοĸʹһӳȥĲʰķëȻˣǹӳϷľϴȻ¡
͸ˣɵûаӣĶĶ˿˼ԺļֵܣʱɵͲǵȥǽϡϣһ棬˭ҽȥ
ƹߵԺſڣԺһĲ˰Ѷͷ亹ǸĻƷԸ⼸λүͣʰɡ

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ϵƶصһСӣճëǺֵĺܡϷͲţô׾ӨӨϷˣ᲻ϷסĶϷţСӾʲôϵ˵ţѲ豭һ٣һ
ʱҶС쿰ߵ֥԰ǰ԰һƣǸɱڵӣҶСˣֵ䣬ڸҶСŤͷëǺͻƷɵȡ
Ʒɵĵص磬ֵڣֻ¡
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ҶС춶˶㰺Ȼ˽ȥһãã
ҶСЦúǫѷܿһСƣ˵Ļȴܰ˵ıˣλ֣СЩʯҿɽӲסҪҸͷѪãҪˣӨӨҪعѡ
ţ
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ϴһԣһᣬӲǹӳƤϣľһƤǶϽۣƤֻǳǳİӡ
ʱ϶üͷʯҲˣ顱һϴԴϣϴǹ룬ҪĿǰغͺϣʯһͷϣδͷѪȴҲһͷĿѣµЩȣһƨ˵ϡ
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ҶСֻö磬εöģҪ˵ﲻǼٵģöһ㣺ΪӨӨĹϵ⼸λֵܸͲҶҪ˵ǿ򶨣û¶һ֮ɫ
ϴһһ֣ǲסֵܵУֻһһλ֡λ֡òŤҶСҶС컹ƨɣȥƨϵĳƨɵӱҶСĵžžֱ죬Ǿ̬û˵ˡ
ҶСϴ򼸸ؿֵֵܹСҪүӣүô
ļҼֵܻ࿴δ𻰣ǰ߿ſڱվ󺺣˫ֱۣ°һصҶʷǼү롣
ҶСЦϼֵܹ֣Ǵȥϼֵܻ࿴Щɥǰڳټ̣ȴûҶС¶һ˿ɫ˼ҵ٩һ٣ô붼ԼˣġԣǱ˵ˣˡ
ϵУһҶС߽ϵ۾ҶС쿴˿ﱧλεĳеĴ󺺣ϵҾһ񣬵үӣ´飬Ʒƣ
ϵⲻײشǣŬѳĺⶼ˼¡ҶСҲﵽЦϵ˵ͷ
ôһ⣬ϵԵһСŬƽϢһԼ״ֱ̬ͦˣ͵ŮĵĻСӳ̯ˡ


33 ޷ʵֵĶԼ
ĬΣϵ˵ˣСӣñ£ôʩСƣ仨ˮ
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ҶСüɴˣҺӨӨమġ
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ϵصԣ⣬Ҹ
ҶСһЩǺú̸һ̸ıǧĹء
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ҶСûи̸¡֮ǰΪʹòѾѾţ֮Ҳ֪һѣҲҪٳԭҪ١٣Ϊ˹ҫ棬ҡֻҪ㹻ȨЩϾͲܲҵ뷨
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ҶСԹƽ̳ǲӰ죬Ǿֻ󵽲ݹƽ̳ǺӵĵزһϿԶԹƽ̲شӰ죬ôҶСʹһҲǲܵġ
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ϵؿҶС죬мصôĿ㲻һССʷΪǹݲʹΪгһܹôĹٶ𣿡
ҶС췴ʵΪʲôܣеԴҲǻۺֻڱɽǰ֪ðˡ
ҶС˵Ȼ˿Щʿϵ˼Щ˶ĸɻʲôǰ˰֣Щ˳ȥ
Щ˶˳ҶСʵһֱĴ㶼ܼ򵥡ʮĳԵúһι٣Ȣİӣɰĺӣϧ첻ң
ֻ٣İõĹ٣ƷƷҫ鹾͹ˣʲôûɱȴݲҡһΣҵΣȴоգҵһأ
Ҳÿһζ˼һβǳ͢ǡޱ䣬һᱻɱͷҲһҲة˵ĶԣֻҪ·ֻŬ㲻ȱˣֻܱ˲ȡȻҲȥ˾ˣƽӵмʮ걾̫ϸԲãҸı뷨ˡܵùƽյΪܣôڹٳϻߵһ
ҶСĿƣһ̣ıˣǸ沨ҶС죬СҶС죬źȿͷҶС죬ĿҰĵĹâ˸ʼյһԴ
٣ҪɽһУ벻Ǯǳٳ˭ҪôҪƽ·ҪôͶһǿ߷չԼҶСⷽռơ
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ǵʱͭʸ˼ôֻѡҶСôȻǣѡҶС죬ΪҶСҪͲˣѵ֮ǰ;ûѡֻǱ˴ﲻҪѡʶҶС첻ѷҵ鷨̸ͬʱҶСѧʶĿʹȷҶСΪĿ꣬ҶС
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ң˺γÿ˳ɹʿɻȱҪأЩóɹˣݹһΪֺγ˵˺ͻͬĻǰץסôʱЩʶȴֻԹˡ
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ϵҶСӨӨļյԴȫ֧ҶС켣ٳҲֻǺܽ˵˴ƷҪöʮʱ䣬ҶСԼ֮Ʒ
ϵɵؿҶС죺Сӣ֪ѶˣڸԼ̨װɣ


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ҶС˿̵ϵ»˶ԼϵЦص˼٣˿˵ϷʵδţСӣ䶨ˣ
ҶС΢Ц˼Ĺ٣òҲٰɣǰľͲˣƺҲûС

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ҶС컹ͷһȳةļʶ˼֣ΪֻһȥȺͶͱһ㾰£̻֮صǱ£ŵʱˣЩһüĿ续Цٻ⣬ЩԳ
ʱչ̫ǻڽͷѾʹü·ˣȴûһ֪¥ڡ̫˫ֲƵصôᶼ֪أҪǻȥκ壿
չһ۵ʵľЩѰգǮȥǵȵطҪЩɫ֮ͽˣҿ˾һɫ֮ͽ
չһմ߳Сӭȥ


37 ׽Ҫ˫
Сüͷ̾شһֻڸǰ·ŻǶӡ
Ԫڵʱھ۱ǰ̯գȻһһŮ޵ƴ侰ƻã飬˼һ㣬Ѹһ˵ù¡
֮ɫִԪС˵˺ܶҵ鰮棬ٶȼӹȾư͵дһʮֵС˵õͷȻһˡ
ֻСٶ̾˿飬ôҲ׬ӣ˭֪Ǻĵ̫ῳۣһļǮûõѪᾧȦѽ
ӾͶӰɣ֪㳣֣
СҰοţȻ뵽˳㣬Ƿ˵üۣɸһĥƵĴƨɡǵһͷԣʱȥɣⶼ˴Ĺˡ
뵽ȴСؼЦȥѰǰͻȻվСؼλģϽһ˾ӵģλס£ʲô°
̫ؿչһۣ̹ϴӣȫһɫ֮ͽȴ֪Ϊξ϶Ǹ͡չʣ֪¥ڣ
¥Ҫȥ¥
СؿλʹļλҿˮΪΪǣܽüô·أνһʧǧźޣٻͷѰв̤һɾѻͷ˰
չһãȻ߰˵ʲôȻ뵽¥¥չһߣü߳˵ʲôҪʲôõѵ˵¥Ķ
Сôһ˵չƶȻ֪¥ˡСۼλҪ̾˿黭ʫʸ踳λУ
Ҫ˵ǹŪʩչȭţչеĺܣ黭ʫʸ踳չҡҡͷ̫øǴҡͷСص¥ĹɲǳһӡһòͳɵģҪѧڣŽ¥ȻλҪһУĳǽһȥŪ¥ʶģλȻȥŪ¥Ӷڲʲô֣ʹ
Сػû˵̫꣬ѹζߵһŤסСصĸ첲չͳһӣصǣġ
Сؿֻа׻ӣ鲻Խ˿ĭǴǰߣ˵·գپҹգߵڶͷš
û˵꣬չֳ˵ڶһصСϵȥ

·ˣЦϦأ͵ˣҲӭӣ
һЦشֹ˵үˣԸȥˣϺõɶʯ֡
˵䣬һüĿ续˶Ѿȹ潭ˮȷ·̤ƶУᣬԸӯӯظһ񣬵ү
Ц˵ţˣλүҶӡ
˶ϦֹةҶСֱʩᣬֹ磬а糾֮ɫҹ㻹Ҫ󷽡
ҶС۲ģ̺ɰͷ˴һӹ֬׷ۣ˼ɫҲɵĿ
ֹˣƬ̹򣬾澶˾˵ֹƵϺõɶʯˮϸɫƣһ˵˿Ūңλݲֹ˶ЦӯӯظֱҶСةˣϯǿˡ
˴ѷǺ֮Գܣ˵յĶҶС죬Ϧﲻһƺݡ濴Цôǿֵܣ
Ϧκ죬һڣҲֻǰͷ£ǽ߷˵ˡҶСȻŮӣӨӨݣɬδĹӣȵģҪ˵˵ķ飬ֻλɱˡ
״Ц䣬һΣȥɣú÷ֵܣ֮ϣɻǳأЩ
һ仰ͰҶС˸Ϧ󷽵վߵҶСߣˮһΪҶС̾ƵŮӱᣬȵةߡ
ةҲ֪ôŵھǸʲôأóѰطģʱֶһ˶һʱȻܲӵұ޸ͷĺð˳
ҶСԺʱ㲻Ͻ˽̫ûǲ֪ͣҹλءˣʱôһֵŮӣﻹס׳ŵӰð˹֫ϡֹǳǳһЦв飬һӱ˵ҶСĻ
յҶСУҪύةԱλﶼةְһָָһλݵĹǹ¶Цظϡ
ǸܺõͣЩǸó˵ԽԽǻ磬ҶСҲſˣһֱװة֣κ
ةҶС˿в޸мͶ֮֮˼ȥյϢɸѡ˼ҶСܸȤģֻǴ˿̷ޱߣЩ¶ȴ̸ֻȻصѰ˵ˡ
ϦЦصλүҲȵòˣūԺƥмλүƣģձ£˰ɡ
ةƽļôƯĹһΪŮ֮һޣȴֻƵģԭ̺˵ֻɻϦƥȻǴ֮ϲ⡣
Ƭ̹λ˱ǣݰףӣʤ£ֻةۻң᲻ǸǸŲȡö
״ҶС˸ɫҶС⣬ͷЦЩȡ᲻ˣСֵĳֵô󷽣ѡһ߰ɣֻҪǸ£
ةһæƴǵʹãʹãôԡ˵˵ư͵ģѡĹȲȥˡ
ЦҶ͵ܣ֮ͲҪƴˣĸ
ҶС쿴Ǹ⽿˼Ĺȴʮֵֻ룺Ҷĳ˿Ƕʮĥһţȷһ˵ӣγܵ𣿡
ةĿɫҶСҲһ岻ӣةȡѶȴͬ治֣ҶСʶЩȻ˼ɫɼһҰζͬôûô
ϦвȻյҶСϣ̽£ſ׽סСС죬ĵᴭԺĹûйӿ۵ôҶС챻һ쳣Ȼ͵ͨ졣
̬Ȼԭϲ͸˵ӣɬĹӲϲôϦ㣬Сֵܣɾͽˡ
Ҫ˵ϦٶտȴûʲôϢҶС컹мϲôһ˵ӸƺҶСһ
ҶСԴǴӨӨ࣬۵еӰˣĳ˶һһϣư͵Ҳʹˡ
˸ո뿪Сرչݵ¥⣬ǻľӳһָˣ
չ̫һͷŭصߣ
ƾӵ·ѣСؾˣǲģ׽ģۼڶȥСس̾һкˣֵܣ治ң
СתҪߣһҲȥѰˣѰһݴһףúùĦһ½Ļѵǣ˵׬ӣ


38 Ȱҹ桪
ҶСϵظϦһ巿巿ŽྻްҶС߾Ͱһ޹ǵ˶Ƕϵ㣬ԳҶСڿԳΪһ
ֹҶС챾ЩϲٶΪԼĳͣǽ´棬ı۰ȰˣݹཱུĴһǣһĵĴӡٻϣδҶС췴Ӧ߰Ѿݽ
ҶСʱ鶯ֱȥҪ»Ƿ¡βʱֹｿһһӲСС죬ҶС켤һս漴һЦӣҶСǰһƣҶС߷֣²ȣһƨϡ
ֹ½ҡһͷںڵ㷢ɢ㷢֮ģЦŰ谴ҶСϣòţСôأ
ǸͣʱͰ˶£´ˣҶС˵ȴǸɫûɫģģȴֻͷơƺȶЩЩȡ
ֹԵһЦȻūҰѴӿˡ
ҶСһڰصðɣ
ֹֻƵķɹȥҪƿӣ⻰һЦĵصɾģⴰǳû˹ġ
ֹѴӿˣҶС̽ͷһۣȻһˮԣֹһصߣŤ齱ˣһӱؿϣؿڣָؿڻȦȦĿߴĵصɾڻô
ҶСŮ߯ᡰˣĿ΢ҧ쳣ˣһ˷ˣϻҪƴǴ̼˶Ƶ΢΢ƫƤ̫֡
ֹ￴ľнôȤԳһЦ˼Ҿȵúأɾ˼ҿѺòã˵겻ҶСش𣬱׽ס֣̽ԼĽڡ
ҶСָһƬ壬Ҳ಻סһֹѹϡ

չ̫ڵ¥ǰС˿λɴо棬æӭλ˽լۡҪʲô
չٷϻҶСأ
СȻ𷽲λҶӣһѸ԰ڣǰЦصʲôҶС죬λҪѰɣҲ¥ңЩ뿪ǡ
ǻû˵꣬չѾ߳
չһǰС˾;һ޴ӿܵĴӭӴһȥչߣȥһ룬¥ʱҳһƬ
һϣةţһͿ֬Ľۺ촽£Ա߰׻ӷ·䶯Ĵߣةֲãޱߡ
Ȼ顱һſˣŽŲ죬ŮȻͷͼڶƺӰһűûϢةƮƮɣŮſɵ۵ôˣ
Ůֵػ࿴һۣЦûʲôүͺúõܰɡ˵Ůһȥ
չٿٿˣ졣̫ûʲôûۼչߣ̫æҲ˳ȥС㣬߲Сô
չû档˶٣ֵ˴󸹱㣬ô
ʱѾ˷ҲƵȥֹﱨŶˣ¥ֹ˽Ȼ֡չԶСܵ÷ɿ죬һŮ׷ȥ
ҶС챾ͺȵЩˣٱ欵ĸһòҲԼѵ·Ǳѵ·һҶСǳһ˿ңֹֻһ£ѩɣ۹£ѹ˸ջ
Ҳ֪ҶСȻϵʵǸ»ϲЩʹֶΣյȴҶСֺ·һо֮УȻõ˼㡣
ҶСԾԾԣҪңļ⴫Сһ󺰣ߴ׺Ůӣ˵ҪҶС졣
ʲô
ҶСһֱѩʨǸ˳ǹٿػһߣʧǵصˣѰˣ⡭Ǻã

չ׷ǴǰСվ⣬ϼȥС˻æǰɫؿŵλݵ񣬷ǿҪˡ
չûлشֻǷһţϣС˰Ӵһ󵹣һſ̡߲һǰСȲҽ
չָſ̾һƷţŲûţһƣ鼲顱һײǽϡ
չ巿мһµĿչǴ˼ҳȻ˼ҶסףɣѸףƹһͼһ欸ױ̨ǰ£жױ
չһƽһ˿嶼ûУ÷·һµĶƵģȫеģ
չһ£뵽Сһ±ﱨţȻҶСǶΪŮǴ˼ˣһ˫Ӣӱ͸ɱһһٵصҶСأ

һɡһȪһʯ̨
һ֦Ӱ裬̦ϸʯˮ
ʯ̨ú¯¯һߣ¯һ𣬲һڣϴһڣһֻһֻֻǾϸ£ҶСʰһֻţʯ̨ǰ棬Ʒ顣
СһŲϤŮȻ֣ҶСȻףʱȻݣôˣչ̫ۼһĻҲ
ֹﱧ˫ۣЦҶӣ¥ɲʲô˶ġǿүӣѴ˴ˣŮ˲أ¥¡Ҫ¥Ժһô
ҶС첽ߵֹǰҾصԲסֹ¶Լڹ̣ܽ鷳ҶĳǸʲôʧҶĳһʮ⳥ˡ
ֹ溮˪һȥҶС˼ұӰҾǸչһҶСȻڴͣȴܽԺãۣ֮ͬǻŭͲɣּǸиǲ
ҶСۼֹﳤȥֱصչ̫һۣ̫ǰ˵ҶСȥԻƣҲֻԹɴӲԼʸܽʱһɣض㵽չ
ҶСصôô£ţǽôֽţǽԺô㣬ţӦ꣬⣬ΪҳЦţ
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߸Ůӣ¥׽׺ŮӣС鲽СϱƵĸ˺棬ɫСЦ˵ŻͷĸʨѾֻʨӹͲҡβ
Сضʱʲô


39 
ҶСصס𵶵ñһ̫Ϲɵصһյ裬ֺõһЦҶСӹ裬һչԴԳԵصԲסΪΪ㡭
ҶС۵Ϊʲôǹٳˣô׵ģܽύˣһҪύģÿ˵ϲòͬҪͶãΪãҿǽû¥ֵ췭ظҪǸ󸹬ԷƵĴһͨǡ
ҶС쳤̾˿ĳصҲϴСɳİɡ
֧صҡҴˡ
ҶС̾˿ˣǳȥɣһ˾ϵǻô˵
Ͱ͵صã㡭㲻Ҫˡ
̫üˣæҲһȥ
ҶС˿ڲ裬¶ȥһأͷµصˡ
ҶС²豭ҵվͻȻһ԰Ҹһ˵ŵʲôֲҵʲôˡ
ҶС˰ΣϵɫƽĿţҲ֪ЩʲôȻ֨ѽһֿˣҶСϽȥ豭
չתһҶСƤһۣصʲô°
ֻڣҲͷŵÿˣɵذһۣװʲôأ˼ǰǸӣô㻹ûûˡ
ҶСһεӣһۣʲô
չǸඣ˼һһΪģǰͿʼˣڲã㿴ϲ
ҶС²豭վǼ·
չߵߣǰҡ˼ӡ
ҶС쿴ϵİ߰Ѫһȵص㻹·⡭ʲô
չ˫·صͷ˼һͷһذŪߣԡ֡
ҶСù·һѪӡϲ¶жɫչ
СС硭ƺӨӨ˵һ׳ڵĻǶչ˵ȴޱȼѣ˵ˣһ仰ڣϾȻЩ̡
ҶСͻȻ·һ־ȥץչ֣ҿôѪɸˡ
չæ˫ֱصԺϲ

̫ҲҪҶСһҶС췿ӳȥ°кõĲʢһ͹ߵԺſÿƷɺëǻ˼̫öһݣǴô
̫һЦѽ
һ߽ԺӣսԺŶﴫչɱڵһ仰ҶС죬ˣ
ҶС겻Ҳ
Ѳѣ
Ͳ
ƷɺëͬصҺȻм飬ˡ˵շߣ̫öŲҲǣҲǣֻ룺뺷һŮңѵҪǿС粻ɣ
ͷոתͼҶСЦشӳϴһǺӡӣһӳһӶ̣Ϊڹڿɣ̻¶۰ɿķ·һ˷װ
̫óԳԵصСС硭
չС׷ܻغҶС죬ϸ
ҶС̫תȦӣЦѲѣǲѣӴ˺·
һ̫ôת̫룬վǶһҲҶŵصһȥҪңѽ˼Ūʪˡ
Ժ⣬ƷɺëٶëǳɵصֵܣôĴǶ̫ðɣҪҪٶԶЩ

ԶүŽϡţһǾĳλԱĻţһ̫飬ԹүϹϾ
ɿ˿ţȴĻţүվһߣ䲻֪ʲôǴŷȴܿȴ򿪵Ĳ̫š
үĵǻ׹ˣǻκһˣܵõ̫ױţвϴ򿪿ĵҲֻλˣ̫谮ĵܵܣ
ɴǷϸһ飬¶Ц⡣
үһ߲ԹɫСĵʵˣϢˣ
ɵͷֵصţֻǹغһССʷô᲻ӡ
үϲüңô˵ҶС챻ڽˣ
ɵ˺ܸӣӦƽھɱϾ顣ү£ҿȫˡӺǵƧƽְԣȻڸˣҪּ
ү˷ģֻҪڽ꣬ƵСҾеǰ취ڲٺ٣ˣ㿴Ǿ飬ְΣ
ǿٸӺص꣬Ȼǵ˼ıˣٵһ죿
үЦˣٸȻ⣬ܴССһٸУմŽ굹̨Ĺ⣬ɲ˼ôߣй˴ǹĳĺѣڣҶС컹аӹô
룬΢ЦãаգǾͰŵɣ޸һСӣһŵȻӺޣֻסİѱʱ侮ʯ˶Ȼ١
үЦֻסһѱ׵ĺܣֻʩСƣ찣ʱеҲǶó֣ۿżˡ
ԴЦ
Ц˰Σүŵү̫ױţ㻹ûء
аûæ򿪣ֻ˼ۣüͷ
үͷһæүôˣ
ɳһ£ûʲô⣬̫ģڽΣջ
ʵ̫дŴߵܻܵǵչ˲ԼùˣߵĶȱźˣ̫ȴǵᶯ˳ҵͷ
ȫŵ˵ĸɺͰ̫󡣵ΰʱηΪ࣬˵ն󸻴λ˳ŮȻ˻ʺ󣬹ȻӦǵʿĻ
ӴɶԵŲɣĻʺŮӰ죬ҲԵ̲ŨȤСĶΪԡɱŵδسң񵭣Ըٻȴų޵
翣һҲδɾͣɺ̫ң԰ٰȰ裬֮ȴԼֻ̫õǰܳҵͷȻ˳ɼҵͷ
үЦ̫˽ȻùԶ룬ǡҪҪ̻ģҶС¶ϡ
ĵֲΪҶСйߣҪǣװڵأԱ°ӨӨӵķģһؾȥҲܰæصҪۿȥ


40 ϲ²ϲ
ҶС챾Ϊةܻȴֱڶһ磬ſ̤в߻
ǾȻˣĻͷ֮ҪһҶС첢Ǯ͵Ҳлһζ񡭡뵽λϦķ֣ҶСԹ
ةѴӴϦ˵ҶС£۰Ͱ͵ǣԶȴǻ񣬷·ʳ˶ʱ¶һģ
ҶֵܣɿةҶС칰֣·ƮسҶС켷˼۾źٺٵЦ
ҶСֻܿЦ룺ôͲӨӨһأʱҶСȻâڱĸоȥһͦĽģǰɣ
һҹĹ򣬽ѹζˣҶС㲻ةͬۡȴҲ̺˶ûаɣ˵ҶСôŵôһϪƷƣչԽԽò̫ܡ
ʮа˾ǱŪˡ
չһ룬ҶСĻһƢ
ҶС⼸ƺͬˡԭԹСұ񰡡ԴװֻԹ࣬Ļа㡰ɽʳһţֻ뱥ֹİ컢ţô
ҶСֵؿһۣ˫ֱۣ°΢зΣյĹâҶСһ㱣·𿴼Сȹִ廨ñޣӸµ°ͣȻСӣ￴ˣԺҵˣ۹
ҶСսϽǲʵʵĻ룬Ц˵ʲôأҶСϡЩлȣֺةոջǵ̸̸
ҶСϽӭǰȥة뵽У̫ø˺һأة㿪ЦҶСЦλǺͬţҶôˣǻȡЦҡ
ЦҵģǶչ⣬ôѰܵôϲƫ̬˼һǧ㸰ˣΣ㻹ף
ҶСɫ˱䣬֣֮ɲôġ
ںص㶼᲻£Ҳûʲô˵̫ʱͶӷȢ檣ŮΪ檵Ĺأ˭عˣǺ죬Ȣޣ檣ֲ̰ռʮŪŮˣѹöɽ죬ĸ٣ֻ⡣ǡ
΢΢ǰӣһһٵصУᡢأ
ةںҶС޻̸ˣҲЦ˵ǰλĹλչﶼǺ˼ҵŮӰɣѾˣֻһСأ£ֻҪƽˣûˡ
ҶС̾˿ĵ˼ҵŮֹǺ˼ң֪ǵļ嶼ǳưһ˾ң㲻˵ôˡ
ҶС췳յذ˰ֵ£λǰﲻæģ˵ͽաǺǣ֣֣ҹÿ
һʣҲ׿²ᣬةüɫص˼ɾҶ͵ܣ¥鴫ﵱĺܣΪҹ
˵㱻ߵˡةʱ죬һȤĿ⿴ҶС죬ҶСҲΪˣӿգѾͷҵɷôҸһʲôĵģ
ҶСţ˵ˣҪˡֺ𻰣㲻ȥ죬
ҶС˵ţѾ˷ţһſվˣһȻ˭һ˵ţҶСѾһÿſڣة
ſվѥԼǸòֻةģȴһɨλǺصʷҶС죿
ҶСæ˾ǡ
ò¿˿΢΢¶һ˿Цݣ̽뻳ȡһӡĹ˫ֵݸҶСҶˣģա

Ͼ٣òҶСҲûة棬˹һݣʧ˳
ةŷӵľ磬һƷ裬һ仰һ̧ͷ涯ݵ˭٣Ҷ͵ô
ҶСһãصһĸ
͵ܵи֮ţ浱İЦ㿴˵Σٺ٣ҪŽ꣬Žڵֺݺ̤һֻŵЩ˱ᶯ㡣
ϲϲҶϵܣû뵽һ죬˽Ϊ٣ӴҸ߶ˡةҲվ־ϲҶСء
ҶС춶˶һֽģ㯵ʵλٹ٣Ǹʲô
ة࿴ةص˾õĹְ࣬ΪһʱҲǲٹʲô׼ôдģ
ҶС˵ƽ
ةЦտǾǸˣǺǣ˵ƽͺƧܵʯͷΪ٣Ųţ
ҶСΨпЦţǾ˴ͷҲҪԸΣ밡ӦǾﵹռϷ磬ͬŽŸɣԡȫҪֳȫ
ڹݣɽʱ˺ͣ˼Ա˵쿪ܣɶ˵ȴδûлᣬ˽꣬һҲ͵ͷˣҪ˵꣬ʮ꣬Ҳٸһ
Ź֣ô͵òƻ̫⣿
ҶСз࣬⣡⣡ֻǡһʱû뵽Щš
ةЦ͵ǾϲͷˣǺ鸣죬뾹ˣҶЩˣ͵һ͡
ԣͣͣҰˡǶһףף
ҶСЦͣһ͡
ҶСһλ˳ȥϰչ̫úͻƷɡëǣǸֻҪӾ¶ĳլж϶ˣһԲ顣
ҶСѾ·Ĺĸǿˣ˵Լƽְ飬һʱˣôһԱ˵֮õĴ£˵Ǻ塣
ëŴȣźصѽѽǴլӰŸ˼죬Ͼסˣ˽꣬ǿɰһɽɣ
̫õļҾڹݣӺعȥɽ·Ҳ·̣ҶС쵽Σһ˼ҿɾԶˣǼҲѵûȥһˣһ˫ĴۿҶС죬Ը١
չͬǣ˵ƽʱ⣬ɸϾǶϷķͶأȫͬĸοڶܺҶСȷ֣ҶСĶӽ꣬һֱס
ƷɵϼҾںأ˵ĸ˫ɹ룬¶ģһҶС죬ҶСȥߣҲԥظţȻϲȴҲûвԸֻҶСľ
ɫصصߣ˴ǧ֮ңмдɽ˴Ϊ٣ʲôʱֽԮְ
ҶСҡҡͷЩ⣬Ҫǣҵ˽꣬гͷ֮գɽͨı£ҲûչˣõƷɣҵݸҪҵ뷨ȥ


41 һ
ҶСѶʹ·ĹģɻƷɺëͬȥϾһˣ˸͹ٷһ磬ҶС컻ϹٷŻƷɺëǱ㱼
ҶС촩һϮۣͷչͷһֻȵǲְĹٲϵͼϣƷȣƷǻ𿡢ƷƷ𸣬ҶС֮ڰǰֻСȵɳϸ𸣬ֻޡɹԱ˹ˡ
Ĺְʵ࣬ӳ͢нˮ۶࣬ԸŶдĲۡ죬ɵطٸطٸˣֻҪȻдǰİ鵱
һҶС͸ëǺͻƷðԼȥôСƷףҪ˵飬ɶкԱҲӼҶС첻֪ǲΪܹŽرעȻõй˴ĽӼ
жҶС쵹̸ܿЦɫشȥˣҶС߳ȥıӰиһЦ룺Ѻεȴ֪ΪΣһ̶֥Ĺٶ˹ڡҲգѵһοڣұգһ֣СԽȥӴ˲ܷ
ҶСȥеһ죬˷˷֪ҶСĵϸһ죬Ϊۺ죬һɹƸӼΪ͹ʲôϵ֮ࡣ
ҶСӹеǩѺ˷죬֪ٹٶЩʲô
˷ЦҶ٣ѹ㲻ãѹûôְйٽ׵ģСҲǸƷʵûвӹ٣Ҷȴǳ͢رģԲΪһְ֮ĵͷһ⣬Ҳ֪㾿øЩʲô
˷˵վסŲָǰһССǩѺˣˣҶƽز߶߶ͬϤϤعգͻвǲ
ҶС˵æҲصˡ
뿪ëǵ磬ˣ˼ŪְˣҪ˵治غأǶСҲͷǸپͱ߯û˼
ҶСһ۵˵ϻΪҲߣܵ˵ҾãСططߣȻףҪӴط˭ҲԸȥСطߣ׵ĺܡǰǣ۵˵ϻˡ
Ʒɵ磬Źӵĸ׹Ϊ飬·
ҶС·ȻߣϾǱأΪСȥæɾ˷һݽ顣Լ취ʵڲ˰æ
ֵ˵ţֻȥԼǴССǩѺתһȦĴεߵһŴĺʱиƷΣƺڵʲôӼ
Ʒٵ̸һ˵ⲻǽ֪ذ׺ô
һ˵ɲ裺ϹݲôˣĪǻҪ
ǰһ˵ϵԣԹа
һ˲ΪȻصʲô˭֪һζӲܰֻ֣һζư˰˼ɢ˭״ͱؽΣưոɡǸñӵĿ
ǰһ˵С£æĻλı˵šְ˵ͷӡ󲻴Եĺá
˵ţ߿ˣȴδעⷬԻҶСţҶСһ˼ŻתأʵڲҪݱۺ첻ѵĸ°룬ؼæѻƷɽеǰԸ䡣
Ʒԥص磬ǷҵȺθɣα׽Ū
ҶСЦ뱻غأ²ųɰܷģ˿ɾŪɳ׾ˣСǡôοȿһ
ƷһҶСƴӣô˵׵Сˣȥȥͻء
֪ذںΣпǼѣ߬ȫǺϧǧָһΩԿΪأϵۣټְڼȻ˷ܲѡ
ʱͼһٶ߽֪ظҪǹٶǰһְֻٵȵ̧ƨȥֻ˵ԼƷױ˼ҸߵĶ࣬ϾſڶǺְܿСٵͷһЦ
ҶС쾶ֱ߹Цصλˣźأ
׺æǣɽӼǣ
ҶСŶأרŸӴԱġλˣҪɴˣ⸱ӿɲɣ㿴ñˣӻ壬Ҳ롣ǱӺʧġ
֪һ⡭ǡĳ
ҶСڰ֣ػţλʰʰޡ

ëǺͻƷɴӦһǰŰۡڴƷƵ֪رñչʱɿذñժһ̧һֻ׽ЫӶ˽ȥȻ֪ͷһۡһԵëȫƷһЦ
ˣ¾ˡ
ҶС´׺뼸ۣЦص˵ͷ
׺мصͣˡ˵һѩ˳ҶСһĳں롣λֵܳ裬࣬ࡣ
ҶСǶӣЦеصλ̫ף
ҶС˸߳ȥһ۴ҴҸվºһټ֪ذ׺룡
ոİ׺ƨɵ°һɣವһֵϽ˳ȥ
ϴһѮòʮϵˣ¹ٽģţͷðվҪ죬Լ˰׺룬Ǻɫĺܡ
ź룬΢Ц֪أĿܲ˰ռʱҲδʲôΰ󰸡
֪ϲüңæǷޣⶼǻӢϹٷ֣¹ٲҾӹ
˵ʱ֪غȻüͷһ壬¶һ˿Źֵ顣
Цصȣαǫأرٴ󽭣ȴδˮ֣ȻӦҲз˵ذջɡܺð
֪ػ˻Դüͷһ壬ô˵Ĳԣ
֪һϽͷּæҡҡͷֻͷƺʲôݺһ£ʹǣּλɴǱ̬ǰ̿λһԶģǿʹʧ񣬿ͷʹѣ֮£ڲԵص˵ļǣ¹ٵĹǼõġ
֪˵ЫѾʼʹⲻϵس鴤ͷ亹乡ɼ״΢΢һЦ֪أ㲻ýţôĹ𣿡
ŶǺǡѽѽ֪Ҳ̲סˣʹһһ¾˲豭Ҳܲˣ㵸·Ƶұ


42 ˮ
ĿɿڴؿŰ֪ŵسҺˣˣˡĪǻ֢֮һӡȻʧģɺͳ
֪¶ɴһ߲ҽУһ߹ڵأеɴϢŭ¹ٲʵǡӴ
֪ػŻŵسñӣһֻЫվͷؾֻǯβҫؾڿУ֪صȻͷţɿؿһΪ̵ڵġ
ɴʧɫ㡭ôЫڹñ֮У
֪ʹû£ص¹ûЫӰ¹Ҳ֪¹֪ˣһһǸɵġ
֪һѱһѵذŵľ˵һ飬ɲȻŭİд˾ϷŪùɵĹԱңٲ֪أȥϣ
û೤ʱ䣬ҶСվǰ
һҶСգȻһ´ҶС켸ۣǰЩʱգȴǸҲҶС졭
ҶСͨӼ˾ҵһΪŪīشװЧˣٸĶ֣ҲΪ֪Ĵ
ҶСǷ¹١
һɫʱκʹĶļ裬ֻһӦ£˾Ȼʱɺţȥǵ䳰Ը˼ˣһӸȥġ
벻Ǽ˶֣Ը߼۰ˣ˻˸ɻϤ龭󣬶˴øУֻǵʱҶС컹δ˾ҵ˹Ĵֻ֪ˣ֪ҶСˣʱ֪ʼٸ߾ǰ
ɻ˻ɫʵҶС죬㣬ԵŪ֪أڷöЫ
ҶСɴˣ׺Ŀ̰٣裬ԻùݲָıǴˣ¹һʱ롭
İƣͿͳ˵̰٣̰٣Աһ֮档ƾ޾ݾͶ̰ٿΪԹʷԷ𣿡
ҶСˣ߸ϣЩδ¹ȴ֪һǺùٻǻ٣Խ±ߵ˲Խ
ؿʣ˵ǺͿ𣿡
ʱй˴ѶӲŽһѵҶС죬æһվ
ָҶСǻƵһͿǺʱõģ־Ӻְ
ҶС칰ֵ¹ǽոոյģþһְ
ŤͷԹ˴ôְ𣿡
˴Ͻǰɴˣٹ٣ûеģʵ
˴յǰĶСֹ˼䣬ϾҪξˣֹϵվӺеĺܣ˵֮󲻽üͷСȻغҲˣαذŵҲǵģ˵ŵ˾ǣĸŲô򷢣ҪʱųٵְλҪΪôˣע⵽Ϊ
˴εصˣ¹ֻǾáá
˴һʱҲ벻Ľ֧֧ͣᡣȴڰޣҶС죬Ǹǻ֪ιʵԶĹүŸյֵ˹ɡһ׮飬԰Сߣûʵʩأȴϻˣ֪ôһݵˣҺαؽʾ֭Լô
ɲͷ˴˰֣ˣˣçײ֪˾ͲҪˡ
תҶСΪһְϳ͢ơ֪νˣҲ㲻£ôϲ̰ٿȥ̲ɣ
ҶС챾غصģɷˣֱӰ򷢻ȥ˭֪ȴȥֻ̲ӲͷƤǣǸˣ¹ٱǺصĵʷƧģԲʶطĹأ˰¹ٵغȥɣ̲¹ٲȥҲա
Ŵ˼ȻŽҪˣԼߣ׮ͦԼģԱ»СŪҲˣ˭֪Ҫʺطɶˡ
ĵԭǸСطĻˣûʲô棬ǳĸٵһ룬ɵŭЦصסڣ⳯͢Ĺְ뵱ʲôܵʲôǹܹٵţǹܹٵĹܣȥĶ͵ȥĶ
ת˴У
˴Ͻֵˣ
ɵ¸һݸȥ̲ɣ
˴ͷǣ¹١
ɷߣһתվסƳҶСһۣһһصǽ֪أٻ

ŵһ죬ͱȥ̲ˣ
˲ŵؿŹүʵ
үЦǰ벻бѾһ׮ӣ׼ҶСȥ飬ʱһǣУְ³ʱĹﲻô˭֪
˿յĶͷǡ̲Ǳߣϵô
үһ񣬵ϵã̲ǱҿǲҪȥ˰æˡ
ΪΣ
ү΢Цˣ̲ǴеĸףǹСĺѡСҶСΣӼݶˣܲҶСǣֻҪǰ͸¶֪Ȼȥаæʱ򡭡
˻Ȼ򣬺ǺǵЦҶС죬ǳб°ã̲ȥĺðˣµүˣССʶҰ֪Ǳˣ
һƣЦվ

ҶСʱ̲˰Ρ
ǵˣҶСȻٶС˼㣬뵱׸̫ǣ˹ϵԱ̲һɽһֱڹﲻʣۿҪˣôˣ
ҶСЦذѸ˹ȥ£ģ¹̲ˡ
ᰡһѾˣһʣһ߽ӹһϱߵȻһּιٵģ֣ǺصĵʷôʲôʱĹˣ
ϸһʱ䣬ʹţǡһ˻Ծص㡭㱾ְһ죬͵̲ˣ
ҶСӣˣ״ܺô
δţ
ҶСʵɶ¹͵ĺܣ¹̲һչԾͰ¹ٵ̲ˡ
˿һ룬Һ
ҶСǷݸȥԱǮ˳ˡΪ˰ôһ̶֥Ĺٶ̲һڴԱǾȻɷѿģȴҲһδŵˡ


43 ̲Ա
ҶС죿ôã͢ôڽְһţСӸǱôôһ칦򣬾ʹ򷢵̲
̲ԱǮ˳ţܲϲҶС죬ҶСʱǮûȥԺܲˬԼ˼ǲȫȥֳ㵽ҶСͷϡ
¹ҲΣίɵ̲ģȴһ㲻٣Ҳܲհ
ǮԱתת飬ȥǱߴһ£Ϊʲôֻһ죬ͱ򷢵ȥд顣
Ӧһ£תȥŶţǲԶ
ʲôҶС죿٣⻹겻ɢǾͲţúȰѺãˡ
˵ҶС챻ίɵ̲̲ҲܲˬΪҲǴȥģǮûȥ
ǮԱɿЦλةҲ˰ΣѾˣҲܲհ
룬´Ϣ˵
ȥ˲Ĺ򣬾ͼҴҵػˣҶСֵǵ¶Ѿµ˴Ц̸ۣϢرͨ˾ܴõ
ţƽʱշǳ壬ҰͰ࣬ѭ浸أҶСѹٳ˹Ҽһ㣬ֳЦ飬ɳ˴Ҳ෹һ̸ʡ
кǮԱ˵ԭί
µλˣ˿ôŰ˼һǩѺء
ǮԱɻȻ˰죬Ǳģ٣٣ôģǸְƴճһְٱˣҪ鷳У㿴
ڰ֣һ֮»ǽ˴ɡ
ǮԱüôһССԱĵؾ˰ɣ
еЩ⣬С޴
һо͸ϵǴǩѺһҲˣ룺ϵҲ̫˰ɣһ˻ɫҪ̲㵱̲õô
üͷ룬áְô
пЦˣڣְÿְλ֪ж˫۾ڶţһȱ֣һȺ˵ӡкܿյô
˼Ƭ̣ãشȥɡ
гԾصˣȻǲĹ٣ôҲǹţţʰɣ˵Ȼ͢ϲϾܹŽرյˣע⣬ôǲǡ
ڰֵ͢棬㲻õģˣֻʱ̡£Ϊ˱Ų⴦õһѶݾͲôˡ˵ҲȥţʵûкʵĲǲšҪƹ̰ɡ
е˾ƹ̣ǣ¹ˡ
˾ƹ̿ɲŵģǹŽģĹؿҪͨУȥأҪЩڣǾ̵ˣǾ͵̲䷢ġ
̲רŹ䷢ֽͨƾ֤Ĳţͽ˾šϸ˵⻹Ǹʲ˾ƹ˾˾һְС٣ϱ߻˾£˾Աɺ˾С
鲻ͷص˭˵ȥ˾˾ˣ˵ǰƹ̣ȻûпȱҲһְˣǲְС٣㰲Ÿְ񣬽ÿˡ
ĹְҶСŹֵЩ̿æǣ¹ˡ

ƹ̣
ҶС°ͣ㯵صôְôҵ˵˾ƹ̡
ûǰƹ̡ȣأûְģɱø˾ûпȱһʱҲð㣬˲ŸšȿȣǸίôְ񡣡
ҶСҺôҲǸ٣ûȥŷɣ
˭˵ȥŷˣŷ㲻ŷŵ۲١ϸ˵ֵ¿һٺüʮأε磡ȥɣȵŷǱߣְȱһ뵽ġ
ڰ֣תߣһתȥ¶̿Цݡ
Ʒɴǰ磬ҿǹ㰡
ëǵˣ̲鲻ô᲻ֻڹΪӣŹ۸簡
ҶСɻصһãûɺСϺ׽Ͼɣ
ƷЦ磬Ҳǹٴ˵һ˫۾ǿ׶ԺʲôǶɾӣǷӸٶСһϵûС
ҶСЦеšңǿҪСĵˣڽأץѱҲԼ¶ѱץܽǵİѱĻɲܿƵģô
Ʒɵףɷ죬Żܹ֮ء
ëǳԾصɶ˼ɰ
ҶСͻƷһתȥװʶֺһ𶼶ˡ
ëǻڲģƾɶɲӦ˵ˣжϥлƽ𡭡

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Сݺݵع˱ƣѾƱصһ٣ҧгݵص벻ҹСȻҶСϣ٣ƽȮۣҪҴᣬҪȻ
΢΢һЦ˴αһʶء˵ҶСѾְ̲ԺҲǽˣҲҪٳģα³Թ
С˫һæʵʲôǴ֮ô½ˣ̲£
صǰ˹ʺˣ̫ùȴմ˹⣬͢ϲû׷Ĺ̲
СϺݺݵؿУУ̲ĵ̣ҿֵܣСϳ˴һأεðң
üСľٶȷвף¶ѾȥˣͲҪ׷ˡ
СŭɣүҹСӣҶСǸʲôҲͷУæ㾿ﲻ
ԥһ£ô
СҧͽҾҪ
룬̲λ壬ҵϵǳǰæӦܰõȻᣡ
СϲɣҵȣһҪۿ


44 ̲
̲ſڣ䱸ɭϡ߸ߵʯףΡ鹣ɭϵֻ̣ʨĪ˾ŵϡ
ηηӵؿǰۣЩֵ̿صүԩҪ״
һۺһۣûصȥȥȥ̲СİӣҲ˾ȥѰǵıﳤɣٲȻȥø״
һյصүСľǱͷأǵ״ӡ
Ӱӣ̲ҲףϹǳ԰ӣ
ǲۺܲͷǰһĻÿ춼ᷢһЩС񣬴ƨһ£߶߶̲ΪܹİӣЩСһ˵Ҫһʵү״տʼŻúЦֻ˾ᷳ
Ǹʲô֪˵̲֪ĻΪأҶС˳ݺݵغǼһۣһƹ̳ˣεصˣ̲
ҶСϻҲ֪̲̲ǳβţſڶ˵㻹˵㣬˭ҿ̲ţôôϻ߿
ε˵һߣҶСıӰ˸İ۶
ҶСЦݿӭȥԼյ磬Ƕʲôԩѽ

ʱ̲֮ǴĿɿڴڹ֮ȶһͷͷʶŬЦһȺΧڹǰ棬˵ԩ
һ˼ߵصүԩѹû͵Ѹϴ裬ôܸ˷绯أҥܻҵһûȢϱأⲻǿô
һѮ̴ĸ˵û͵˵û͵Ҫȫңҵʱϴ裬Ϳ˸Сһ̧ͷͿü۵
겻ͷص𳶵ôţ˭͵ˡүҼԺһһҲÿܽἸʮ棬ִ𡭡
Ѹؿڵ㻹˵ûѣż·ݣǼҵͽˣ
ſڽࣺҡҡˣһż˵ˣҼֵ
Ѹðбھֲôӵȥү˵ѣȥһ֪
һ˵˵¾ͲҪͷүˣͿһôˣֲٿ⡣үȰӰɣǼһڴ룬ͷģӶˣǱɥ͵ۡ
һ˲ͷˣƨ»ͷүүҡ
¶ôͲͷүˣǽŵ˵뵱̫䣬նõŹģϽǵ״̫ڻʵүӵ״ӡ̫ڻʵûҵǿԼǮһء̲үٶٴҲ󲻹ʵȥɣ
˵ǴγǴȥȥȥһ߶ȥүСⰸô¶ϸҺֵģԼˣһһֻ
£ϸֵܼң¸£õҷǵԼʱС¶ϾˣС˲£ҲǵöһСֵһ£ɡ
ǴúӶͻȻһץľžžžסڣͳͳסڣⶼʲô߰ģţЩͳͳҺȥϽаƹҶСң

ؿҶС죬Ц̲ţţ
ҶСǫѷصˣ¹ǰƹ̣
ߣ㲻Լ˵̲ţ
ҶСЦˣ¹ٶŽţƤ档
顰ش˼ڴҶС죬ǳĺͱԣǲǣ
ҶС쾪ȵصˣ⻰Ӻ˵𣿡
ŭղŷŽĶЩʲôˣּëƤİӣȥøþˣﳤܽ
ǴԽ˵Խľӣ̲̲ͨĴӣֵõٳ̲͵Ѹϴ衢Ҷ˴ռԼҵǽܣٵû
ҶСګګصԭ¹ǴСطģأ¹ںصʱ򣬾ʲôëƤİӶӣΪ̲ҲһֻҪǸ״Ķܽء
ǴܻصʲôҼס̲Ͳ״ӣǻʵּİסҪٸҸҷŽһˣٱز㣡
ҶСϽǣ¹ټסˣٷٷ
һȥ
ҶСŽżǩѺµĻƷɺëǸϽӭȥƷɹеص磬û°ɣ
ҶСصʲô¶Сطˣʶǰ˼Ϳ¶ҲΪô¾ּ۵Ĺٰɣٺ٣ۣܵⲻۣôҲն٣ϣһغذٺ٣

磬ǩѺ壬һ趼ȹˣһɺ˫֣ǩѺȥ֣ôôУûһת
أſг溰Ŵˣ
ȻתͼԪŭ߽æЦӭֵʲô磬Ŵ˸
Ԫŭصʲô磿Ȼ̲磡
һŴˣ⻰Ӻ˵𰡣
Ԫû˵ſڳٶȳԺʷˣ
̧ȥͼʷͳ߽æǰӭӡ
عֵܣʧӭʧӭ
صɴˣ̲ôģҶԺһת;ڵˣǱǵ˵ⲻý롣ôţĳԵŲɣ
ôأܣӦʲôɣ
ŴЦ᣿ʲô᣿ǴҲһ̲ôһŸ˵ʲôǻյİӣŲǣ벻̲Ȼɽˣֻϵİӣ
ҡ
֧֧ĻûȻſڳٶȸӦ츮Фˣ
վԭأؿӦ츮Ф߽ФǸӣߵ̫ͷ󺹣ֱɰͰ͵صФˣĪΪӦ츮Ĳ˱̲˼ݶ
Ф޷޵صԭҲ֪ФΪ˶˵飬㾿ô¶Ӧ츮м׮Ҫת̲ȻĪر˸򷢻ȥˣڸʲô
ĬΣȻ߳ǩѺվ£糤ˮһŭɶسŴŷǸ̲ҶСҽ


45 
ϴϾ̲ϵһˣһҪ̸ξɡϾɣλСԱɣλڼ˶׼Ϊϴ˽С
˾ȸɹϵǢĹԱǽҲҪμĽ磬ص¥̲ǴԪԺʷ͡Ӧ츮ФȻǰˣһǩѺ
λﶼеĺţǺǣ⽤ٿھͿˣϵľôɣ죬ԺͲôˣһһȥ¥
ɼλѺǸˣæЦ˵̲ǴһصϰϾ͸ˣ֮ǰкãֻ˰ɡ
ɴһֵصǴˣ⻰Ӻ˵ʲô鳰
ǴָεصȥǶǸҶС죬ʵҪôһ֪Ĵƫ򷢵ǶȥϷǵñɡ
ǴҶСӢ׳ٶ˵һ飬̲סЦȤ˵ǹݵطһЩ͵εĹԱֱ֪ĺܣȴ뾹Ȼģ
Ǵ˸۶㬵ص㻹ЦҿɲܰأѾͻˣأǾԲãҲã㻹Ǹı߾Ͱɡ
ЦԪˣԪ͵˻ûæ֣ҪҿɲҪϣҪϾ͸ˣɲô۸Ѱ
ɼ״üͷһ壬ΪѵصһְС٣ôŲȥˣ
ԺʷͿһʵأҶСֳЦҲδؾ֪飬̲ģǶԺģŴˣǴµģ˾Ųͬ徭Ķˣ˾ţǵһдͷѧҲ˲أֳЦ
ԪصЦУҲû˭ֹôЦ
ǴĿ⾼صôʷǴŪʷ̨ȥˣǿлл
ȣ˵Цˣ˵Цˣ͸ϽֵԹʷǵýʿܵΣҶСֻǾ˳ȥʷ̨ʲôأȣҾãиطʺȥ֮ǰ£ͣˣҲˡ
ɺصŶȴ֪˵ģʲôţ
΢΢һЦ񲿣
һô˵λ˲ɵܣ㿪Цɣ֮صڣ̲عءأȥǻˣ
Цϴˣһû˵ء񲿵ȷ࣬Ҳ󣬿иطȴޱȵУŵǶȥǴҾͶʡˡ
ôһڣָǣ
һһصͬݣ
ڸ߹ٶ˰ΣԪ͵һİƣ޵ͬݣȷһõȥ۴ĻͬݣϱһϾĻͬݣͬ裬ҲδӴһʹˣеĺš
Ӧ츮ФЦֹʹڣἹ֮ߣҲӲϾֱͣ͢һٶ飬ǷϾͬݣֻǿǵпǲʹǰڴ˻ͣ쳯ϹܲΪСطʡӱóػԲһֱҳʵǨϾͬݵʹõĴָûǴĻʮûʹס˰ɡ
ЦܣһﾪţˣǾͰ򷢵񲿻ͬȥɣǲʡģ˽£ĳڽ꣬Ҳʼˣ

Ҷţ칦ֱҶʹˣЦˡ
չЦǰϣ̫ñЦǵҶС첻ãɱ˰죬̲ס͡һЦ˳͵͵ҶСһۣϽסɴǵĻȴ
üصֻһ죬̲죬һתֱۣȥ񲿣͵ܰҴٶˣ֮ڻŵΨһ˶ѡ
ҶС췭˸۶ĵֻغضѣҲ۶ôǵðڽꣿ˵ͬǸеţƲȫֻʣСèֻǿάţǸп޵ţȥǶֻڲʲôˣǺã
չЦչҲҪЦС͵ҲܵĽ񲿱ȲţڹĽΪֶԴ֪һΪָһȥ񲿣죬ֻš
ҶСæƴǵ˰ɣ֣СܶԴҲô⣬ҡ
ɫôԣԾ֮Ϊ͢٣εȲףôܲϧأȸ㽲һЩĹٳǡͬԱҪҾ߹Σ˾أҪҲһվҾΡ
ҶС֡
šأֻͷֻһۣԲ񡭡
ҶСεؿϡ
ʵۣôһİ񣬻ʵ۳ϯҪĳҪߵͷ񣬵Ȼǲܼʵ۵ģأòϣ֪һ¾ͺˡ
ҶСĻ˯̲סһǷչͬʱ˸Ƿ˿˴˵ĶɵһЦкȻЩĪů⣺һĺܣôԼƫôϲأ
һԣ̫ȴɴ۾Ľ⡣ҶСߣԼﲻʲôæҪ۵ɫͼӨӨﶼһЩֻɽһСѾͷѵôᣬȻС粻ԸǣͰСɡ

һ磬ǣҶСҪȥ񲿸ΣҲ˸磬ϹǧģҶСȴĲɣ־ڴˣҪغشƴľֲ˵ֻ֪÷¡
Եӣȴż֮£Ȼ̫ðĻȫμɴϲ㽨̫ûװҶСš
չҲҶС֮ˣȫ֣ĿľΪػغأĳҶС̶֥Ĺٶ治ںҲϡ
̫ҪҶСȥ񲿣ȴزΣУҪӨӨˣٲһǱôչҲҪװͬҶСȥ񲿡
ҶСӾʹĸƷóѸչ̫ûϣ̫õ·ԴЩԽǿܴպϣҶСˣǰӵر񲿡
ۿ͵ڣǰﲢζҶС춨һȻǹɡСүƣԼ̲Ǵ֮ӡغɽ֮ӹС


46 ڶ
ҶСһۣûᡣ˫֮ĶԹΪͳˡЩӸơС֮ͷģҶС̬ǳĶ࣬Ժˡĸ˳˽ҶС죬ȴȻס
ɵƺ͹СعںˣҽϣеƶǷȴҲôȷ֮ºݻ˵ҪСؾҪǾùСΪйɴеͣ˱ֳѡ
СҶС죬ЦⲻҶʷŶˣҶʹҶһ٣ƹ̣Ǩְ֮٣ǰȴ֪һͬݴʹأ
СⷬһڣкƶЦȻһЩ΢ЦǿҶСĿ⣬ȴд߷ֵ⣬ԵλҶСģѰС
ëſھҪˣҶСһס˿Сҡҡͷߣ˵žƹС˵ƥСмŭˣ͵һ֣ǰ档
СǰҶСһָƵǼϣСӣʲô֪֪˭ٺ٣һ⣬䵽ҵϣǵʣһ
Сô˵вһɲҶС䱸ǰҶС쾯ҶС̫죬һֻݵӣļû׼СӾӿˣ̲ѹû֡
һҶС񲿣֮ӹСЩŪΣСŻܺ޾С̫£ƫƫǵ¶˽ǣƵְҲãЩԼźڿ
뵽Ҳͷ˵ģҶСɨһۣƼ̫úﴽݰ׵ģټǣʱϳŮװĴƶ
ɲ֣ĹôڣˣλչӢ˲޲סŮСģװһСˣĹɫ㣬ô綼һ۱ŮӵģȻܴ
ҶСüԹСعӣܵĽѵǲǳ͢񲿣񲿵ĹԱǳ͢ĹԱ㸸Ϊ飬ȴҲһ죬񲿹Աؼҵūˣ㲻Ǹ̸׹λҫĶ棬Ҳв⳯͢٣ⷬҲ㡣
㡭㡭
СԸҶС죬ģٳΪС֮һЩƤ¶ȥֶԸһ͢٣һ֪ˣ˵ҪϴѵһҶСһֱ㱾ʣСͺӣһʱ˵
ɼ״һһµģصҶʹ㲻Ǹδ̶֥ٶǣ̫һŻΪģǫһЩĺá
ҶСһۣصˣҶĳ̶֥Ĺ٣Ǹ߸ϵĻסҶĳٶСȴǿԼ£˵ҽ̶֥ĹٶɲҲǣǺǡǺǡ
ҶСǺǡһӾͼŭɣҲˣͺƤ˫һ룬ǰƽҶСһָȵҶС죬ô󵨣
ҶСƤҶĳһ󵨣
ŭ
ҶСȻһۣôүӳ͢Ź͢٣
ʱѳ˻ʺʱǹүʳƣּǼ׵һΪó裬û˶˵һػҶСײֻѪͫʣ㵱Ҳ㣿
ɷ޾ҪҶСȥëǰһҶСǰ棬̧ұۻסͷ棬Ʒɽµһֻ˳֣㲻ܲˣһȭ
չ̫Ҳˣչصɣž̫ýҶС츰ģûƳ棬㰵ûڣ֪ļһ˼һϹƳ棬ô˲С磬һεȥ
ʱֻԶٵ˴һס֣
Ү·ƽģ
ҶС˫һŤͷ򺰻ȥͼһ׾ƤѮ£ƷɫٷĹټǸϹǰò룬ȴǶǣǴ˵ʶƶҼ
ȻĹٷǺʱʷˡһλʷɺƵɫеѿСиüʷȻֻƷ٣ܵ¶ɿûǲܸˡ
λĶӣһСүһǹүҪôǻѫݣҪôǸ߹ӵܣʷ͸ӴΪҲûбȴʷϲ߹ȨŸɵˡ
˵ƣ֪иֱԷɵκɴҲһκɲǣԹȫκһģֱԷɣΪκ̫࣬ʵûôСӸץǾ˶Σʲôүɹˡɣ˭˭
ɰпࣺһʱûע⣬ôôһ蹷
СпˣɫѿԹʶ˽κΣĸף˵˻һҲЩֻڹ̡ܽκδ˿Թ٣һԺΪЧĿ
κŭشм䣬ǵҶСǰһվͦظɵ˺ȵҵҪ̵˭磬ҵŹ͢٣
Ƽ״ϽүǺεݣһְСٵִʵǴ˳״̫żŭ˹ˡ˴˴Ҳִߣߡ
СмκΣţϽЦǴ˺ãǴˣֻǿڽ֮ڽ֮ʷʣ͸ˡ
˻ɼɫЦһĵӱ겻ʷڴˣҲƽϣתﳤȥСκεЦЦҲ׷ȥ
ҶСëǣǰκι˹лλʷִԣǰ̼ȨƣƱҪ¹ˡ
κοµص²лֲţѲأǣ壬ԩʹƵǳ֮͢ĿģѫӵܣĳΪԹ٣ӣ
κ˵꣬˿ɵ˻ȥķһҶС칰һ֣뷵ȥһһ룺˵ֳ˲УȴŲ˵£ĳѲһּ︣Ź͢٣ĳȴٲˣд౾
ҶС칰κ뿪ֻһɵıӰаǣ˳ʱţо֮磬СΪ飬ȴȻͬΪ䣬ҵ


47 ͬݿ
̫ЩӸģСЦһһȺûСӣĲġ
ҶСһ⻰Ȼվס˽Ų̫仰һֱ̲񲿣ǰһʱ䣬ǹСһֱڹעô˽⵽£˵ϸ
żȻ֮ģ⼸竣һ紵ݶЩڼţ˭Լȥǰ˵ЦһֱڹעңôұϾĪҲֽţ
ͷҶСٿȻһתȷԼһǶԵģȴ˼Сġ
չȻֹ˼ôˣ
ҶСԼǶ˵һ飬Ʒһ򣬾һҪȻʱͣһЩɣĪץסѱԴ磬СҲܱǸɴ¡
ҶСһţͷڹ꣬ҶС졣
Ʒɵ磬ǹСĸףŪٻҲĴ٣йС˴еĻ
ëǼͷ磬ǹСȻǸ竣۶ȴ٣һ͵ӵֶΣҲʹŲóǣͱˣǻСΪϡ
ҶСЦЦ֪ˣһСĵġǵĳȴҲ˶ˣıûУóľǻϲľǻǵǴС˻ܲܶû

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̲Сһ˶ţҶС񲿴ƽȣһ¶Ҳû
¥ϣһζ
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֪СҶСǣ⣬ֻҶСĶ˵С֪СػһˣҶСﻹûʲôϢɱѻҶСϡ
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һЦ£Ҳ˵С͵ܼȻȤһȥһ˱ˡ
С˼Цֵиͬͬȥͬȥ
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СҶС죬һӣյصˣҲ֪ǰôģŪȥ˻ͬݡλ壬ԭѰѰĲ˭֪
ɫһæô
һЩֵؿһۣദã֪ɵĸԣ񵭣²ģôҶС죬ʧ̬ƲЩġ
СЦϸˣǽĻͬݣǸţͬݱӦдʹһˣʹˣԱˣһҶСһʹȨ֪ģһʮˣĸԼȥġ
üͷһ壬ŴСʲô⣿
Сˣô˵ɣǸͬݣʮûˣСèֻÿɹɹ̫׽׽ӣ°ʲô¶ûУôǵİѱ
ɺ
ʱһһСñģ˵ŵŵŵ¥ǻƴյСߣС˼䡣СɵˣԶҵҼң˵м㣡
ɿһǸˣʵʲô£ôż
ǼæǷүзʹϺִ꣬κүǰӭ

ͬҶС졢ëǡƷɣһװչΧֻ״ͭ¯̿յģڡ̫ӣ¶ذĸ첲һСϴˮ˶˹
ҶСݰæˣ£Զ
ݴشӦһԱˣЮһõϺŵҶСصС磬ԡ
չ˰òײ΢ЮһƬ⣬ҪסҶСһһĻǸոյҶСĿ΢΢һ7ΣַŵԼպպϣĬĬس
ҶСĿ΢΢һװûţƺΪչ˱ƣƣǡ¶ζˣǾоӡѽҲ˵ţҶСΪ̫õһ
ëǳԵüɫ裬磬ͬݻǸȥ£ң̹š
Ʒɰһ۵ûϢ֪ԡǻи˼ĶԼˣ
ƷתҶС磬طʵ̫ˣ¶ѣôȥǰ취ҪȻ˰æΪ˵仰ôҲøӡ
ҶС׵ţҲ£ãҾȥˡ
ʱԺʵͬݴʹأ
ҶСͻƷɶһۣ̫õ󣬵ţȥ
ҶСëǺͻƷɵ£ͼԺվˣмһٷ磬һϮüĿһ˲šҸ벽վʻľ֮һ
ҶСһˣȻˣʮ⣬æ̨ףǰҾһ񣬵үʲôʺеطˣ
ҶСʩаۣǹصĺܣ仰ľͲˡа㳣վԺУ㿴ڣڳԻ͵칫ڼ¯ôܳԣѹֻ˹ܳԷĹٶ
ҶСЦصʳΪ죬¹Ҳôһ׷ˡ
˱ǿһʼ
ҶСգգۣҲ
Цмص㳤ʶǷ㣬
ҶСʼνˮ
ëǹЦƷҲ¶΢Ц
ߣλһֱڲߵĶ̫óԳһЦչС
չңҲ
̫òصŲأСöط
չһۣ˵˵Ķ
λƬ̣չ֪ͻȻ뵽ʲôڵһ¾ͺˣϽͷЮˣԷԷ
̫ü죬ƺҲһʲôС˲ʱҲ˿ɰĺƻڨڨصţԷԷ
ԺգݣؽҶС죬ֻһͺãԿҶС쵽ŵǱ࣬ӧ˭֪ҶСңڵĺܣֱҶС쳰һ
ٿ̽ȥһšסҶСĸ첲Ц󱲣Ȼˣ
ҶСû뵽˾Ǹӣ۱šţ۵ɫˣȻҶ˻ȭֻǴ˲棬¹ٸʹŹٵ
ŭҶСǰݺһƣȵϻϺ֦ʹڵãΪͬݴʹǰӭӣ
Ϻ֦ʹڣ
ҶСʱһͬݶʮ겻ˣû뵽һ⣬䵽ҵﰡ


48 ֦ʹ
˵ʲôϺ֦ʹ˻ͬݣҶСҲ˲ø˶ˣëǺͻƷӭȥ̵ĹߣŹؽ£ľζȴҲ˲ˣĹλҲǷʹ̫
ʱ񲿹顢κϹүԼԶ򸮵ĹүѾӵһλͷϲŰײϹεĸ߱ǰĿ߽Աѫݡף˶ȫˣǸⷬʹ߼ߵĴ
ôɣһѾͷûϺˣ˼ԶǶ쳯Ϲ񾴣ȻͶұ¡һЩ
һѾϤǵݣ˴ο֦ʹڣǸù࣬ݵʹڣ¡һЩҲӦõġ
Ǽǿ֦ߣдԱԱУвٷף֦ӡ֦ӡϵһСʱһĹңѾӡȵһˡ
Цصǵ䣬ȺǲʹݼҴʵ۱£λǹһλӣͬҴȥϼɽ¡
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ЩʵɶżҲҴңˮʦֻһܣ󺣣סϺȻôţһӵġ
˵ţǰɨһۣǡҶСëǺͻƷӭһԶҴӣʵףȰɣٻᾡϱ͢ǽ
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ҶСæӦһκ˵֦๰ָǡҶСǿ֦ǰ٣ͬݵĹȻʮ궼ûţǿͷԺɣҲʱʱɨþ߶ȫ
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˿ͷصЩʲôһ˵ɡ
ҶСУҪдˣҪǮţͬݲˣǺüʮûǮˡ
ϲ㡣
ҶСУͨ룬ͨ밡¹ͬһͨҲûУôأ

ȴЩΪˡͬݶʮ겻ˣƽʱûͨ룬Ѳɵʦȥÿ֦Եͨ
ü룬֦ͨԵͨôһʱ޴ȥҵġ˴Ѱͨǿ֦ථҹԣҿ˷һ£ڴڼ䣬ʲô£̸ֱཻ֦ˡ
ЩҶС첻ʣһǾΣ񶼸ʾˣ⣬޸ˣҶСҲٶ˵ֻʩ͹뿪
һҲԼĳӣһţ˼Ƭ̣Ȼ΢Ц⽻С£ǿ֦겻ˣԶΪıʣ͢һӵĺܣʱҶС©
ü֮ٿȻӹһĨɫ

ҶСŻƷɺë߽֦ķ䣬ǿ֦վڲżǰ°ȻǼϵĹ
ҶС칰ֵˣ֪طɻסϰʲôҪܿڡ
֦عǻͬݴʹæЦϰߣϰߣͬµĺܣľĺܣϷϲĵķΧžžž
֦˵ţƣվ̴ӣһǿ֦ģһģǿ̴֦˿֦ว
֦ȡ
֦СԴ쳯ȷʵĽ֮˲ֵ뷨׼˺ܶһ·ɢͯһ㣬ӴģһݣȻҲῴ²˵ݶԷλĸߵͣ͵ͬ
Ƭ̹֦ӸһӣӦǿ֦еĲϣɫһĲƥһƥҶСҲԴġ
֦һƥ֦ϣЦضҶС˵ǳлҶʹλӶǵǵİҺ⡣һССɾ⣬Цɡ
Ʒæ˫ֽӹ֦һƥëҲѧѧŻƷɵӣ˫ֱϹϾؽӹ֦ƥҶСҶʹ͸ġ
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ҶСӣֱһ̧ʹѵűšһ̫ЩŤ˽⣬ڻû˼ҿ֦໹վҶСҲ˼һֱţֻһֻ֣ҴҰ˹
ǿ֦˶Ŀвһ˿ɫ
ſվŵǸ̴Ӽģ⣺顢κүˣλ֦඼쳣𾴣һССĻͬݴʹ߯ҲдˣԿ֦͵Ȼֻһֻȥӣǵ˼Ҳˣ˵ɾͳԲ˶ˣ


49 ⣬ǲ㱡ֽ
κ˻صĸۡС鷿ˣ˲º󣬹̾˿ͬݼʮ겻ӴʹˣһӦصȫûˣɱʲô©źá
Цֻǰʳӣʲô©ɣ
ֵطŸ׳⡣ǺţϾȥˣȴѸ벻ߵļһɵ񲿡ұţǻͬеڣҶȥˣԾʹӦˡ
˭֪ʮ겻һʹڣƫƫһǺ쳯ʧȥĹңϸոԴ˱ȻǳӡҪʹЩʲôԹ˾ʦ˵֪ҲҪǣۡ
ڶУת˼
ϣһ뿪鸮ȥͬݽӿ֦ʹڣͬ¥磬ô˹˾̷˾Щˡ輧ּ׷פͬݣЩ֦˻ʱͬݱȻһˡ
¥ϣ顢κ˵˰ھΪ֦ӷ磬˳뿪һˣȥ淽㣬һӵ͵Ͷһӱҵ֦ͬڨ
дϢһʼĶЩ޼ֵϢ֦˫ַҶСһ鲻ְСپȻֽӹĹֵʱ򣬲˫Ŀһ
ܿ죬Ϣͱ͵˵꣬һϲᣬҶСҩˣ͸˵˷ǳϲͷҪðһݿĵﻹˡ
֦Ц˿һֻı˵ľ⣬˲طϡ
΢΢һЦˣĳųȥ㣬żȻ˵˶ԻͬݵĴʹҲ
֦ЦݿصǰǰϹչ˵ķǳܵͬݵĹԱǳģΪҲ׼һһССǶǵĴлȻǵһϹҲ֪Ϲ֮̣Ҳ˲ְ
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ԺضƱһ£ƺ˻Ϊ˳ޣߺ߹Ц̲סʵϹʹǵȴָ֪ļ°
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ҹǲྻģ߳ԶõģȴҶʹȻ˽ҹףʱϰԵ˫֣ȴַֻֽ֣ҵ
֦˵վ˷ܵؾٱҺܿţΪҵأҡҺܸ쳯ϹҲ˽ǿ֦Ϊǵ꣬Ϊ˿֦Ϲ꣬ɱ
ĵǸҶľȻ֪֦ķףϡȴһ˵ı飬΢Цվ
ɿɲҶСȻǧ֮ʲô֦ķף˼һתȻ뵽ҶСļûǴĻ硣
ǻṦģʱһõǷֽǵֵַ¿ûʡ컹ЩҶС˯һջʹø۰򶼱붯ѲɾΪ϶ֽţ
뵽վ죬ǿһЦݣſ֦һǱģһʺ

ƹ£̫һƥбϣŤΣġ
ƹӳƥ֦ϣʡĹߣᱡϣɫĵɫٳĻߡơ黨ͼһЩͼεϣȷԭ˿ͬ
̫ƥɫĿ֦ϣʱĳһԼʣҶСãݣײ·һƯɫ׸ɣģ
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С͵̫ûϲشӦˣƥϲ̵ȥǡӭչһӽ̫õ㣬㿴С͸ǵģҵģ׵ġ
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̫ôشӦһŲܻԼ䡣չ̷ŵϣҶС컹ϣһۣѣ
ҶСЦô׸Ҫֱ۶ˣã
չߡһûãһˣ˼һ󣬾ͳ⸱ӣӹǶŮ˻
չЩˣʵǾҶСңҶСţ۸ġѾҶС쵱ˡչߵҶСߣ̫үƵǶûصվ
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Ƭ̹ҶС·ͱȥˣֻһǿ㡣ҶСδϰ䣬廹ͦ׳ģҶС죬ͺмϢչģĵЩ롣
أ
ҶСɰͰ͵һ䣬չˣչᰡһʱɺ죬Ͻ£
ҶС£չ㷵óһҩƿӣǳȺɫҩ֭㵹ģҶСͷһ˼ͬʱһ£ƴ˵硣
ϰߣвõģչ侫ô˵Сʱ͸׺үүã˵ʱ㣬ɸ˶ͦСŮТĵı֣һù
ҶСǱǿָŤ˹ؽڣַֻ磬ѪϸİĦ£ҶСȻЩʹȴҲ̵סɵȥʩչ
ҶСĬĬؿչתʱţվţǱͦؾҶСǰ΢ҶСֻӣȴ֬ǶԴòˡ
רעظõͻȻ㿴ʲô
ҶСЦҡҾէһͦԵϸͦŮ˵ġ
չûصұŮˣʲôͦŮ˵ģ
ҶСͦŮˣͦˣͦÿ
չѿڵÿ㲻Ҫ
仰һڣ˶


50 翹ס
ȵľһ϶ü
Լ̫õЦÿɣ
ëǵÿ㱾øŮƵģôƯϵȻÿ
ણડ
Զִ죬ǶڹĵЩ̳̳޹ޡ
չ÷ϣϢأݵش˰ΣҶСϵֺȻһۡ
ţҶСһƺߣ̧ͷص
һ̧ͷȻչҲᣬض۸ң۸ңһ˵һ߬ļͷҶСڵᣬવص۸ңҵļ򶼿û֪ˡ
չ͡һЦ˳ЩزᣬͷĵصʵʵôˣҶ⣬ǲǣ
ҶСվͷػϡǳţĺּЩȵϢƤϣҶСġ
ҶСɤЩɣһɰͰ͵صǣ
չɴͷĿ÷ɿ죺ǡ벻Ҫң
ҶСøƵģҲҪ
չҧ´ҶСǰ߬ȭͷǡΪʲôߣ
ҶСĬΣҲá
չȻȭͷҶСؿںݺݴһ£ǣ˼۵ҶСһƺߡչͻȻſ˫ۣҶСסȻſ죬һСҧסؿڡ
ҶС챻һһƿԣٱһҧʹýгӴ
ˣ
չȻɿڣְýģҲҶСʹ죬°ʹͷϲص֪֪أŴӵʱ򣬾ͰҵĴˣҲز
չû۵ĦҶСգƻõص֪֪֪ϲӨӨ֮жģж಻ɺȴֻԱҾãΪҲãұȲӨӨ
˵ţֲصлϲᣬ£㴰ֽͱƺ󣬶߳
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ҶСǲͬһʼΪ֪ʱѾϲ
ҲܣҲܡ
չϲصİȥո˵ˣ᲻ңϲӺɷ˵Ҫ㻰һӣˡ
ҶСɤӣҪңͬ⣿
չҸȥ磬չңŲ̫ҵ¡ҪȻΪܾ⣿
ҶС
չǸŮӣҵģСͳңңֻҪϲӲʲô
ҶС쿪ʼͷˣǡ
չȻ뿪Ļɴ۾вصʲô
ҶСյص󷿶˭˭Сôأ
չ۾ҪָСף߯ףײͣ
ҶС죺£
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ҶС֧֧صɡǡ
չͷصҪˣ½ҺӨӨ֮ﲻ֪ж໶ϲأαװһܾίģ˱ԡ
ҶС죺
չģԽԽǻϲȻһЦ˽ĻȸԾصããҵˣ
ҶС죺
չװͰ͵أ˵Ĳ԰
ҶСصԡ
չűӣؿᴷһ£Ц㻹һ鲻Ըӣ˲ǶϲС˼Ͷͱ㻹ӡ
СôչϸҶС찫ͷôʵڲСҲ
ҶСȫұỷסϸС㯵룺Īǹٳʧ⣬鳡⣿ɹٳʧʱҲ£ôľĸоӨӨҵģ

ĻͬݻȻһ£Ϊ˶ˣˣǸһȫͬĸо˿Ǳ߱ｻͬſϾرĹٱأַͬǷ
ҶСһϣ̫бϣϣһ°ֱͣǰԺеһʯһ
Ʒɿ©üͷǲʲô£ɺô
ëǸմ˸˯ɴ۾˿ҶС죬ɶ£ӨӨ˰ɣ
Ʒɵͷпܣ类ͬˣЩ֦ʹһߣ壬ô٣
ë̾˿֪ˣ͸ùմӨӨ뿪ȺӶٻҾͲļҲŮ
ҶС°ͣ˵ĻšȷʵӨӨֹӨӨչԽԽͷۡôŮˣĹŮôڵƽ˵˵ģܲô
ӨӨڻغǰʾԼͬһ£û˵ҶС֪ԼѾίˣô¸ҶС죬֪¾ˣͿ޿֡
ҶС֪£˳µؽУΪӨӨӦ֮˳ƽԼҲĸ֣߰ϣҶСвӨӨķ
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ҶСһæվ𣬵úõģôһͲˣ
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ҶС켱ϵ̽ͷԷ￴һۣǸǸʲôģ
ŸСæʹǿ֦УΪ
ҶСףСʵ֦෸ʲô
ССҲһп֦ԱߴĶС˵һͨСҲףŽȥһͼ֦ɫѿʮлͰҲǡ
ҶС˻Űɣȥʡ
СЦʹˣֹкʺƺҲë˵
ҶС֦࣬˿ɻжԵģ
СҡԮͷ
ҶСɾ鷳ˣҿոԻ˶
СҲڻͬͷϣ˵ϲƣһҶСۡϽӢ
ҶСһ۵Ӣƨȥ񲿱֪
СæǣСȥ
Сһ̶ȥˣҶСԷֿۣüͷ鷳ˣһֱ£ɾǲ¡һ¶ң¶̫ҿס


51 
˵֦ͻزɴһæ˸ͬݡ
ҶСӭ˹ɫصسȥа룺ôôкʮа˾һ·Ͷ٣ҹɽԺȵģθˣθһ壬ٳЩֹкҩﲻͺˣ
ɹ鲢ô룬Ǹ;̫ѣˣ紬۸ӡˮʱ߼ȣǿ顣
λ󷬹ĹڴʱڴˡЩ˴Ȼܵõչˣˮˮ˻⣬ʱңԶԱڣԱѾ˿ԵССʱߣԶĿ˿ܾļ
֦ոոϵ꣬Ǳʦ󷬰ʹõϢͿݵǰʵ۸ոʧķʵܲϲλ֦ʹڽֻ꣬λ˾͵̴ְˡ
ǿ֦еѯһ²飬ǿ֦ʹ˵ֻȻƣԱûͨ룬鿴ð붮ֻ˵ϼ䰲οĻӷ˳
ǸͷҰëķлڷдʣתתȥҶСôﲡҩҽʿЩҽ
鵽˿ҶСɫѵôϿ֦ʹڵģôһĹʹ߻ز
ҶСĵǴжˣ˼ĺܣںڹҿɱ
ҶСϿˣ֦ҹ飬ϾЪˣ㲡ģ̸¹չ˲ܣ¹ٿӦʳס
ŭȵʳʲôףôû£κôû£ôû£֦ôĸʹԱôȫû£ﴰûйغãÿ֦˷纮ֻˮûмʱÿ֦裬ټѸߣ
ҶСڽص¹ٿɲ֪ҽ֦ⲡϼ۾Ƴˣ
Ȼ֪ڳԼһȡĳе˵ıܣʲô߸ϵ飬ʱҲǱܵһֻĻʲô
һ֦иʲôôپ㣡
˵գת֦ʹκ⸱ʹҲֻܱȱȻģԱ˴˵˼ףйֻõɣѰҽΪΣҺúࡣ
˵꣬Ҳǿ֦ʹĶ֣ת˳ȥҶСĺ棬鵽ͥԺУվסŲҶСھѰҽΪ֦Ρ˴ﲻͨܶ¶޷ףŰѰöÿ֦Եʿͽˡ
˵ȾߣëǴ磬ͷôӵ۾ؾˣ
ҶСִΣԱߣźðԼժɾ
Ʒɵĵص磬֦и̣ô죿
ҶС쳤̾һһżҾ͵˼ˡ
ëǵŴ۵磬ֻǲְ٣˼ǻǹô
ҶСӵšΪһߵ䡣
Ʒɺëë¿˿СԻƷɵֵܣȥ֪ᶬͷչ̫ãβԣǾ·ɡ
ƷһصûëǵĻףϸһ룬ΨˣϴӦһ˳ȥ
ͨ壬¶ˣٶȸ˾£һ뷢԰ףѮͬݣ߻żͽͽ˲˼ҡ
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ҶСϽӭǰȥλ˾Ķ¼гҾһ񣬵δ̣˼մ
æңңջͮ
µλǽĶĶĵӣ񶼿֦ɢҶ鲼ϱˣһҽ
Цңң¹ˡ
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ҶСհӿ֦ʱԶ˳ϳһƤڵǸʹλʹ쵽ºĶǰȱȻصʹǽУУģҩ
ҶС˸Ķҽ˸ҩĶȻƤҩζܿӡȻ˰죬ԷһָǵУ
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ǿ֦ʹҡ˼ͷߴ˵˼䡣
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ǶŵˣֹҶСסڣҶʹô˵أҲ̫ˣҿǲͳ仰ܰ
ҶСЦҪҵαعöأҿڲðҵɣھͶҸ֮ͷǷˣ˭أ
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ǻͮҽۼٶƵεصλˣǡòΪǷʹأ
ҶСȻҪҿȥģҲĲǿ֦Ĳֲųɡ
¼Ҫ֦βҪǵ˴Ӧųɡһ֦ڴˣƶƲ
Ǹ֦ʹ˵ĻȴóԱɴ۾Īؿ첱ӴֵĴԱ
ºҶС˰ΣԻҽĶͬЪ£ȥʾˣͬ⣬Ϊǿ֦β١
ҽȻûһͬݵСȥһ᷿ЪϢȲȥˣºҶСһۣһﳤȥ


52 
µĻ˼ãҡͷףףǻͮ뿪ɣȻ֦ĸʹͬҳΪΣвš
׵¹Ҳ˼Ȼˣ¹˸֪Ķ뿪ˡ
ĬĬص˵ͷÿ֦ʹߴҽȻβǵ࣬бҽ֣߻֦һ߿ܣһʧأ
ǿ֦ѸߣһҩʯҽǲεĻǣĻǺʱƳһֻȥӶ֮ŭ¶ܻѹҪӦñг֣ǿ֦ȴסһغѴˡ
ʱ򾿾ǿ֦Ѿҽ˼ɥ¸жۡ˼ȥýſ֦ʹڲͬɴεͷ⣬һ²һ
̬ǡЩҽ׿̫ҽʵۿǸѰˣǳʮа˾žκˡǸӿǹأʱǳأСϳɴ󲡣ϳɾ֢ԭˡ
ɡСһֱڹעҶСĶǿ֦ʹפ֮ͬ󣬹СûˣȥδһʹĻӺҶСĺð취Ȼ˵֦ಡˡ
СƴЦҶС죬ҿػţǲʱδ֦Ļͬݳ£¶ȻǲԸܹģֻҪǿ֦ȬҶСһԲ˶ߣ
ЦЦ˵Ѿյ˿֦ǲʹϢԱǰӭӣǵˣȴֻΪصĿ֦ಡϣѾˣһʵĺܡ
һ顭δػһɣǿֻ֦ʳò˶ñȬ
Сֻصúܲסϡο˴ˣǿ֦Ĳȸкصö࣬ʮˣǳ;ԶⳡδسԵ
ЦǾͲ취ˣ
΢΢һЦĵԸˣ

ҶС񲿵Ϣûһǿ֦ʹȴˣ齹ضߴһҶСͬʣ֪֦෽кһ󣬿൨³ˣͰȣЩʹȥ
ҶСһҲˣæָŶĻҽǿ֦ʹߵǵҽȥɲɣɻҽɣҪȻҿ
֦ʹҡͷǼϴӦҶСˣŭ㲻Ӧα˵֪ôд
ǿ֦ʹҶСƺΪŭ̯̯˫֣һĪӡ
ʱëǸϵſڣҶСк磡
ҶС޺޵صǸ쵰ʹһۣϳȥʵʲô¶
ëĶС磬ոݵةϢ˵ѾЯʥּ꣬ӭӿ֦ˡ
ҶСвһҶС룬βȥ֦ס˻ǰдʣæͷ󺹣ҶСûһƿҶС쿴˿֦ɫɫҰܣڱ˿
ҶСüͷһ壬뿪֦סϵſԶóʱȥŵĻƷɰչ̫øˡ
˵֦һʣܳ͢Ϊ˸֦һƽϢʵ۵ŭ𣬶ҶС쵱򣬼æǸˣڷŪƳĶҲˡ
һҶС죬չ㼱ʵС磬ôˣ
չҶС¶⣬ҲõҶСĻӦϲ޶û˯ţշתཫźۣ˯˸ոϴ˵£ҲҶСż
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ǲһҶСķɫæʩְʹý̴ʹ֪ѾĶ뿪ͬݡ
ҶС켱ʲôѵǾӿ֦𣿡
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ǲ˵꣬ҶС칰˹֣㷭ﳤȥƷɡչ˶Χеʵô죿
ҶС컺صҷȥˣ֦λֻǳŲסˣֲĻǿ֦ɡʱʣǻǻҵͷϡ
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ҶСɲ֪һɲǼ䣬תͷǻҽ֦һ£ľȲǾ֮󼪣ǲġ
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ҶС°룬Ŀ⻺䵽˶ϵϡ
ϻһϮۣۣؿ
ҶС조žشһָų죬꣡ƴˣ

ҽڶĿ񣬼ͽͽﲻԱ߰վšȻҶСһѥĸߴ˷䣬Ķ
ҽһۣҶС쵽ˣæ˹֣Ҷʹ
ҶСλ񲿲٣˵͡
ѥĸߴǰһż۾ŲҽСͽа۵ص
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ҽˣæֵȻô˵ˡ
ҶС찵˿Żҽ֦סλʹ齹ͬԱʲô㵸ӣʮּһҶСŻҽǸʹæӭ
վţ룡ҶС첻ߵǰɫһȣǿ֦ʹһʱվסƷɺëӭȥǺҶС֮ǰ
ҶСԻҽصҽˡ


53 ͷҡͷ
˵ʲôҶС쵨죬Ȼи֦࿴
һµĻرʱȻŭصһӣŭҶС죬̫ˣȾߣһżкһ˻
黺Զµǿ֦ҩΣ
µ¹ڻͬݵһϢ͸ϻˣֽλ֪
źƬ̣Ƥ΢΢һã˸ϻ£￪
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ͬݣ֦Է֦̻¶ظ¡ؿڣλε룬֦ϢƽϢƣ֮Ѿ˯ˣƾҽ룬ȴ֪
һԿ֦ʹȿ֦Աۼ׺ͷϲһ룬һҡҡλεģǵɴ۾ҳ
ҶСãĶͳô
ͮǺһЦȻУ˫£˾ܷģⷬ˵ĲҪ
ҶС˿˾ͺã
ʱһСҩͯظϽԻҽʦ棬ҩȡˡ
ͮȥɣͬݵĳȼһ
ҶСæʾһСҩͯȥֵͮͷһͽţͰ࿪ӣÿһ󣬾ⷬˣЩ칦Ҳܼˡ
ҶСһڷ£ҽ

ͮ˵ȻһЩùģָ֦ҩ󣬵˵֦ʹɫ˷嵭Сˣһ̾ࡣ
Ϣһ˵ڶϣ֦µˣֻǾһڣЩ˵ҲЩѡ
һֱעſ֦ʱ˵Ѻתֻʱ̫ˣʱδ̫ԣߵڶһ磬ͬݡ
֦ϳԵĻ࣬ػСͷǸʹţԺƵɢڶºҶСͬЦݿӭ֦ǰеصˣЩ˰ɣ
֦æ˫ֺʲһ΢Цصöˣл˹ġЩɳƣɫȷʵöˡ
һԶµϤ˻˷ǳżϸ̽ˣʱţûע⡣Ѱ˱ɫΪ˿乫æһֱĲ飬ⲻһˡ
֦΢Цͣ͡
ʱԱǸʹؿ˹һۣ㬵ضԿ֦˼䣬Ȼ˵ʲôԹɫҲһЩæ͵ټƲɫʱҳΣֻǹʹأԣٲ˼أֱۼ˲鼱УŲòﰡ
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һ⻰ǿ֦Ȼӹһ˿ɫȻŤͷǸʹÿ֦˼䣬Ǹ֦ʹ澪ţָ컮شţټ졣
֦üֶԹˣ⸱ʹ˵Ǵ˹ʱͬǵнˣδӰ¡
һٿһת룺Īǿ֦ң⸱ʹǿ֦ĶͷģĲ飿ʱš
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üͷ˼ص벻ҶС֮ʢ
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СмЦҪдͲǸְСˡֻţ˹ʺ˰ˡ
üʹͿ쵽ˣǰѿ֦ʹ߽ߣǻͬĲӿɾˡ
Свʣ룬ͻ˫һˣʹˣطҲɣʹƱҲҪǿ֦ʹ׽׽ʱ򣬹Ҳϯģ𣿡
ֵһЦֻҪ˻ڽ꣬Ȼٲ˱˵һϯ֮ء
С۷Ź⣬ɵȻˣСȴҪүиˡ
ֵؿһۣʲô
Сӹһ˿ɫյɶߣ˽һ
΢΢һɵ᲻ֵ̫Щ
ƺû˵ʲô¶ɦɫ
СΪȻصȣ¶ʲô˵ģʱܵĲҶС죬Ҵ͢˵Ȼһʧǵ¶˵ףΪһСʧСС˵ӡ
СѹɤСʱҿԽ¥׼ֻҶСǱ߳˲ӣͳ棬Ѵ쵽¥µӰԼСʹڣҵڣп֦ڣ룬ҶСĴãô
ɵͷʵѹСҶС죬һֲ߻ֻСĻһ֪ˡȹСҶС̨СǳںޣֻйޡȴΪֻ֪ҪҶС첻ûлӮλĹķġ
ǱСĵΪ˵ĵҪСࡣȻΪ׹ݣ̫ԼһԼϣĸ׺λֳʲô飬һ̫֪ضȥϼѵ⡣
һСԸ񵭣ʲôǷǣ̫δѵҲرĳ谮ɸֵĽѵƽػ治ʲô̫ľٶ
СˣҹС£㵱ʵ۵ľ˸ܲھ˰ɣ˵֪֪֪֪ôܴȥ
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Сϲظ˷ģҹСȻǣѣ

ͬһǰͥԷڣչӰһ·ΪԻعˣɺãֻǴݻ˻ͬݣŪûҪסء
ҶСЦôᣬʵڲɣȰ֦ʹڶԸˣҾȥ飬˵ǱģôСĹٶףֻҪ˵仰᲻ӡȴ߲˵ģ˭ϴʱҵĵӣ
չһתΪϲһ·ϲ̵ܵҶСǰסһ첲صǡǻع·ϣȥҼһ˺òã
ҶСһɵصȥңûҪɣ
չһɣʲôûҪ
ͷߴص㡭㶼Ӧ˼ˣҪȥ
ҶСײ˭Ӧˣԩǿ֦Ĺأͷҡͷ㣡
ﬣ
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չһٸˣҾ㣡
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һ죬ӲصҲãҲã
ҶСһ㿿Щü٬۵صǡǾ¡
һᣬסֽӣضһƤɧģĪ֣磬֣÷ѡ


54 ʹһ
ҶСȻƼȴҲʱǲģһжõȿ֦ʹ뿪˵ʱҶС񣬾ϣֻΰЩߣĥعݵķӡ
ֹ죬֦峹Ȭκ˺͹ȥһϼɽݵ겡ڴλ֦ӡɨжĴգ񲿵ɴ˼Ա˸ϵ˽ꡣ
˼ֻɣϾλ񲿹һϾĹٶͱĹٶǺܴģϾȨԶ籱
ȻϾҲĹٶΪֱϽʮֱݣ൱ںĽաʡټϺôĵطȴ貼˾˾ָ˾˾ͳϾȨȻеġ
ϾϾȨء
ϾֱԼ㽭ʡ˰ĵ˰ռ۹һ룩ͬʱˡȫϼȫƲղغ͹Ͼ˾
ϾϾرϾʮŸϾָӡϾһҡ޻Σ̫ͬϾرѫͬϾȫ
ϾϾԱһȵľ쿼ø档Ͼ̲Ͼ˾Ͼְ뱱£ֻǹϽϾʡ
ϾϾ񲿵ְȨСΪʵۺϾϾ񲿵Ǽ࣬Ȩǿƾ٣ɽʿȨڱ񲿣ϾֻйȨ
ԿǹʿʿȾ˸һֱȽʿһǸȽϼߵְơһǰӭӣ֮ȥ֦࣬Ұݻκˣ̬ŵļ͡
ҶС˵ʦˣһĶʱϳʱȥˣæҪعݡ˶ҶС뷨⣬˵عݣڽꡣ
ҶСѶĿϴӦ˼ȰֻôӦȸ׻˵ҶСл˱תͬݣһͬݣ͵ëǺͻƷɱӭëǵ磬и񲿵ɶ͵ɶҪ㡣
ҶС㶣ʲôɶɶ
ƷЦ磬˾£֣һˡ
ҶС켱æϵͼһٶŶϣƵغŲ裬ҶСֻƤûʲô
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֣·²豭˹ʵ㣬ǻͬݴʹҶС죿
ҶС׵ǣ
֣ñšһգʦɣҪڻ֦ͬʹߣϾԺͨ˾ԺӼŵĹԱκ˵ȹݣϾ̫඼ҪμӣҪˡ
ҶСһæ֣£ʹβȥ¥أôʢᣬֻͬ¾ٰ첻
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˶٣ֵһϴο֦¥磬֮زЩ˼ɡߣһǴ͢ڻͬݾٰᣬŷϵݡ
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ҶСʵͬݵĳ޵úܣһʱˣҲֻܹӦʹճʳٰôģᣬֻǼǸգҲûô֡
֣µĺɸΪ֮ĵһ񲿲Ͼ͵죬Ǿ㹻ʳģٻЩ⿼ճڵĴʦٰʳ
ҶС˿ˣ¹پͷˡ
ΪҪٰʢᣬϾͷͷȫϯоͺʹ񲿷ǳӣɹʳĵӺܿˣʮʦŽٸͽҲפ˻ͬݡ
ЩʦһʳĵӣҶС찲˴ʳĵӳȥΪ˱򵽼ٻһλʦͬǰ
һ죬ͬݶΪյĴæµţ˵죬ΪڰʱֿʼͬݸȻ졣
񲿵˸̷˾˸Ÿ赸ͬݵǾ޴ĳʳģˮ½䡢ɫʣȫ׼ͣʱ¹峴ըһѾˡ
˰ʱŵƽʣϲŨأԱ׷׵λȻ򣬵ΪĻŷȴǸӵĽæµＸʮڹøвͬ¯ȫܡ
֪ˣЩû𣬴ʱȴȫŻ棬һڿڴСһʲһĹڣʦͰææµµư
ҶСĲ£Ըϵ£ۼæòɿɴӣëǡƷɼ˰Уչ̫λֳϷﲻæټϳ¶ǻӺĳˣ˾ֻվԺżˡ
ëػصջĳǰľľ̿ƷɰϴɫˣҶСϴŹۣͷȴϵ˸ͷͷСǣһСֵİѲ˵ڡ
˾֣Ƶ⵽˳ſڣ߿˿ҶСæµţĿһת㿴һǴֿͽܴᣬĿ֣һͷ֣΢΢һЦת뿪ˡ
ȵʱʱҶС뿪ϴ˰´ùñȥǰߵӭӸλʵǻͬݴʹҪУѾΪ£ӭ͵Աɸ𣬸ֲ˳棬ҪͬģĽɫЩ࿴һۡ
ҲȤҶСְСͬкעĿĴﻹ治٣̲񲿵ĴԱǶϵˡүҲϵҶС챻עĿĴԱɶûеġ
Щ˷׷׽ʹҶСûʸȥˣ£Ϣ·Ա½ʱ֣֣֮´ҴҴ߳һҶСῪʼгϲˡ
ҶСӦһ̷˾һӲȵ澱תŷҶСվſڳߴλʦȶ׼˰ɣῪʼˡ
һץڼϵĺ˲Ҷʹ˶ˣء
ҶСæһԣǶ澵ǣʪ·СЩ
Щ澸ƵһֻʳУոֻ߳һʳеỷ˿ۣʢòȵ̵һء
ԱһλѽһԱһβʳϣֻʳҡ£ͻȻɢ˼ܣϱĲȫϣˤһͿ
ۼһĻе˶ˡ


55 
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ҶСŴͣ
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֣ʱˣһΣʱʧɫҶСŭȵҶʹɵĺ£ҪҪҴڷʹǰȥˣ
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֣²ҺصӴ㡭ǺôĵӣǾŹ򱾹١
ҶСһЦߵ£°ͣһҶСǱ֣һݣǲҺʱֹͣˡҶСһһص֣££ǳɣ
֣ɫص㡭˵ʲôҲ֪жûˣ͸òȸʳȴ飬Ȼ޻ң
ҶСɭȻһЦüŷϣ֣£еǷӽʵʵ˵
ҶСһŤͷݡ
չ̫ߵߣҶССӴȥϣҪʵ
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ۼҶС췢˱룬˾ʹŹһ٣ӻҪȥ˽̣ɶ˽Щ澸ǻʧɫӵؾӿҶСȵûҵ˭Ҳߣ򣬿ɱҲˡ
һҶСô˵ƷϴӰץһѲǼ⵶ſһվëǣϵԺſڣźŵŸӣǰԺſһ
ҶСƤЦⲻЦصλʦλǲؾţ֮УѽǷģԩͷծҶĳǾǣ޹ģ
ҶС˵꣬һƬǽĳ￴˿üһ룬¹ڣתߣҶСǵߵԺſʱͣһ£һ仰ûҵķԸ˭ߣ

ʹڸڡյ硣ǰ̺ϣ̷˾λ裬ԼϰڷŸɫϹСԣŸλԱ
Ǿɡ֦κˡϾ顢ɺͶԺʷ̨ҪԱࡣ
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ſһֻųһֻáͻͭϲ˵ӵסˣģ˵ʢ翪ʼˣһ棺ĪǹСʧˣ»в˿ô
輧һ˦£ŹӣȽĲӭ·һ˶ߣһˣͬʳߡ
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ĿҶСǰµͭȥëѴߵǰҲһͭĿһʱһⲻǴ¯ô
ƷߵǰһڹӣɿĿɿڴһ£΢΢˲ӣκСⲻ̹ôôؾ׼һĹ񣬾ͳ̹ӣ
κҲЩĪ΢΢ɵӦûбĲ˰ɣֻǡһ̹ӣȷʵЩĪʹ棬ȱЩ
ͷҲᣬҲᡣһӣԿ֦ˣҴɫһˣƷһ£
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ʱЩҲ˽ʳ̣ϱʢŸɫˡƬպϣλԱǰһšڹԱˣ⽻ͷӶ۷׷ףֻǵſ֦ʹߣһԻʱҲôźͿװף¶һɫ
Щɫÿʧɫɷף¸ɫʳϣҴ£˳㼱ʰöͷ亹λҶʹҲ̫ܺŪˣƵĲȻˣĵ¯¶ɵùȥô
£ǿ֦౿׾ſӣѧ˵ģƬպպһȴüЦ޲ڵصóԣǳóԣ̫ζˣҳԹɿڵһˣ
ظϽϲͺáλˣһƷһ⡭һƷ̫ƽ
롭ڹԱӣ׷˹ӡЮһƬԽԽֺ޺޵ط£һص룺⾿ôһû£
Ƶǣһֻôһˣǲֻ֦޲ڣЩ֦ĸʹԱǸһĴʾ⣬˦ӳԵֲ֧
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56 ˺ƴս
ڹԱ׷״ŹŹֵȥֻʣκˡɡ⼸֦Ǻ󣬻Ҫȥס£֮Żɢȥ
ʱҶСͻȻֳˡҶСʱѾعۣȻǰ֦ʩһ񣬸лˡ
֦ǺһЦҶʹּϹͷֻ¾Ҫˣҵľأ֮͵飬ôܲæء
ɵûϳҶСǸղϲ˵ǸˣһͬݵСٶȻδóȻ֦ͬ˵Щã΢΢üǻͬݴʹô㲻أ
ҶС첻ضɴˣ¹ҪһжչֻԼôĶ֪ˡ
΢΢ȣ⻰Ӻ˵𣿡
˰еһѾСļƻǳƲˣһҶС̬ǿӲ֪Ȼ֪Щʲôû뵽ҶС쾹Ҳ˹ӣ˺
ҶС쿴һۿֵ֦࣬˷ˣЪϢɡ
֦˼ڹżĶԹڳ΢΢һЦκһҾɸλϷмϷЩˣЪϢˣٻᣬٻᣡ
֦һҾҲ˺ѽ븱ʹתԼסɵ˵ز֪мΣҲ˲֦࣬뿪ҶСΪα˻磬㷽ʲô˼
ҶС¹Ҳ˵񲿵֣˵λҶСԱһͼһٶֱۣһʧǵģ߹ɫɷףƼ˹һ㡣
һˣüͷһ壬֣磬ô£ҿǿ֦˲ԭΣΪ̹ʲôϡټĲȣȻΪҵǳǷǡ
֣죬Ȼ˫ϥһ̡߲һȥ߶µصˡɴˣˣλˣ¹֪¹֪ﰡ
κɵ˵ɫѱʮѿ鲻ص֣㾿ʲôٵ
ǣǣ
֣ȱ̫һ䵽к󣬸ǱڵȥԺһУּʶ˶ϸӿɲ֮߳ױˡ
ֻ֣ǵ棬ֻҪǸɭɭͺͷջĳӣǴӾͻСӣȫǳӵʱЩӾͻĸƢͳͳԸ⡣
ǸܿɰСС۾СҲһ棬ܼʱǳȡȥǳӾͻӣԸ裬ڴڼ䣬ʹһ޲ķӡ
֮£֣ﻹͰѹСҵʦֽţƻ˵һ顣˵꣬ɫѾһƬ
һԣҶСƵصλˣǿ֦ʹ˵֮أɹΪһ࣬ûʶһ̹ӱùǣǵʳ
Ǻǣûֵô²ֻ̨Ϊ֮ǰ¹ȥ˿֦࣬˵⣬֦һ£Ҫʽ¡ص⽻ֵô²̨
ؿҶСһۣصô˵СΪ˽ԹѰƱˣСǺˣΪָʹ֣Ϊ£кζԹ
һʣɫѿˣϴΪӵֳôһ粨ҿ˵˼ɣԸ游³ˣŴ»С벻׮վҪ˽ҴǵžԱ档
ҶС쿴һۣ¹Ƿ֪飬֪Ҳ֪Ȼ֣Сôߣ˵Ϊʲô˼ɵģһУҰѻʵǹСﵽͷʺˣҪչϴã֦࣬жԵõ˿֦ϺͰһ͹ȥȻˣҲˡ
ҶС쵱ʣСԹСεθֵ̧ľ⾩ɺ˵һ顣һ룬üͷͽؿ˹һۣصС˵Ķӣ
ļ鴤˼£Ȯӣ
ɳĬƬ̣֦겻ոӣϻϲĺܡڽӴʹУΪʧʲôҶе𣡲
ɻһתֵҿҶʹˣղûɴ׮ţֻ±ǰҵ˶޷ô£ֻ֪δͿŰɣ
࣬޵ݵصϷлִ˳ȫ˷ģ¹ĳһƴ
һЦصãЩˣͻعЪˣүүشˣĳǣԶͣ
ɰһȻ߳ԱߵҶС죬ͣŲͷҶʹܺãյ£ҿ㡣ͲҪˣ˻ƴġ
ҶСþգϹֵ¹
ɵͷҲɫѿﳤȥ
Ǿ٣ûʲô˽˴ϾΪʹӭӿ֦࣬ҪеʲôʧҲѴ̡ڹҵ競Ϊ˸˽Թ֪أɳЩǣܲŭԶԹûаɫ
ۿﳤȥҧأκ˹˹֣󲽣ȥˡκ˻࿴ҲĬظ˳ȥ
κصۡϸʰκļҽϣǶӣҪĹظ࣬ÿձʰÿͱ󣬶Ը׹ĺܡصǰ˵κͷʵأ
Сĵشܺȥ¥ˣͬѡ
κؿڵʲôѣǹؼǼǼӣ
ǣ
κȥϰҴԺٸЩٽϷ˵ȣ
֪ʲô£ȴó׼ΪãϽӦһҴ˳ȥ
ӱ޻صңһűʣСأ
õ˻ظ󣬹ȥ¥Ҵ
С¥ϵ֣µĺϢ칦綼ˣҲҵҲС಻סʹȥͬݴϢм˼ظ
Сûô¶κҲˣƼ˸ȥСһʣ֪֪βĵػ˼ңȥ֪ĸһԱҪͷ˵飬ͷſڰˣһңͱǿдȥˡ
ɭɭģ͵򣬹ϣڻ谵ĵƹ¾̥ľһ㣬һϺޱ顣Сսսصף
һͺȣ£
Сŵһ£Ͻλǰ¡ڰһӲϵص죬СŤͷһʱһľͼĴ󺺣һȳ
Сֵ̿ؽеף
۾ųҴ򣡴ȣ


57 һ
µůңʺ΢Ժԡ£ůůġʵĸо
ǻͬݵˣʮӸӹʹѾʮ꣬ӡͬʼǸʺţ˴뱲ӣֱ⼸ʶʲô֡
й˵ˣһæµеԲɨԺ䣬һʱĥڵһʹɨãԵɨԺӵʱѾᱳʹˡ
һͬɨ꣬ҲӼ̸ҵĻۣͬɨԺӣ§ɨʯϣһɹ̫һ߰ĵȻǳᡣ
صص˵ղ֦ʱ򣬳ԵľȻǻٺ١
мƲƲ죺صģô¶֮Щʲô֪𣿡
ֵص֮󻹷ɶˣ
ٺһЦ¿˿ѹλʹү֮󣬵ſ֦ղ󳼵棬˹һ״ĵӣ̫ˣ
Ųŵصܰɣ񲿿ǻͬݵֱܣǴʹ˼үǰǾ͸Сϼ˴ƵģһѾСҸ˼ĺ״
˼һ͸ˣʱ˾֣ŵö̱ڵˣˣ뱲ӣòװϣһ׼õùǲ˵ʱɫģŷǵ£˵ĶӸĹ
˵ţһλԱԺӣһҶʹأ
һϽվͷصλˣԺСȥͨЮɨ㣬ǹԱͷЦҲϽ֮ˡ
ҶСŶҴҸϵԺǹԱưصҶʹԱɣշ
ҶС칰ֵԭǷˣʧʧ
ԱɵҶʹһ˵
ҶСæ
Աɵصˣɡ
ԱɺҶСߵԺһǣԱѹҶʹٷ˲ǲӾ仰
Աɶ͵͵˵˼仰ҶС첻һ
ԱֵصǸ֣£ѾˡؼСҹܵҷΣ˴˫ȣͻسϼȥˣԺٲ׼̤ϾһǸһϣĴܹ⡣
ҶС۾΢΢ˣôţǽвأ
ԱЦһҲ𻰣Թﳤȥ
ҶСĬĬıӰֱʧԺſڣŷסڷԱɵвҶС벻⣬գͲڽ죬ôںв
ҶСһסչͻƷɵ˱ΧеʵС磬ղʲô㣬Ϊ°ɣ
ҶСЦɲΪô֣ѾˣС˫ȣϼȥˣӴ˲׼̤һһ¿ɹСܵˡ
չüëĵصѹòϳĶӣɹСϾ׹⣬ôһ㡣
ҶСνֲ»ǰ̣ҺΣ鵹ǻһϢ
ëǼɶϢ
ҶСĬƬ̣˵Сôǳ⡣
ƷɼƷɲŵصôᣬΪʲôҪôǹ㻳ģϸǿˮɣ
ҶСҡͷɲߣαôҿϤ󣬲ԼĴӱãԲŰ͸¶ҡ
Ʒɻصǡ˲޶Թ
չ۲һͻȻ˵ĪΪӨӨ
ҶС˼ȥҲֻԭˡ
ҶС̾˿֪ϲӨӨŮӺϣԭҲ޿ɺǣ֪ѶˣһôСһΪ飬ҲЩ׸ͽᣬ˵ʧΪһӣʵδ뵽
ҶСЦһʵδ뵽Һ⾹֮ϧŪֶҪݺҡƽռҳĺӣʵ󲻳ЩŽ𷹳׳˶ʲôֲ̬ҺᵶᰮϲҵŮˣҵŮ˲ϲѣ˻Ĳⱨ
ҶСҲǸŴ󻧳ҵҲ𣿡
չֻصҼҵ˿ûģ˭һϰù˵أ㲻ǳ˵ٳϲ˾˲ô鳡ϴ˰ɡ
ҶСӨӨǺջˮغˣôһ鷳ҶСµľ鷳ңǾͷȵסңҲȵס
չؿ˼ҿǹүʲô˼Ҷ
ҶС°΢΢һС򣬸иĵĿԴɣ

һ磬ɾҪ֦ͬะˣ£֦ͬνǣΪԼӵ£޹⣬ټϰ˶ӵãˣ岻ʣûвμͬ
һùͣͿ֦ػͬݣȵ뿪ʱرκһҶС˿֦صסٺãոճһϹҶʹ롣
ҶСЩ⣬֪ʲôҶСҴҸϵͬ⣬Ѿǳܲд˼ղ³ϳӣڹһ񣬵ɴˡ
΢΢һЦɣؾ񡣡
ҶСҲλȥڲλˡɼְ΢ԼǰȴСС˸߹ʱִҲҳľִģи͡
һС٣ҲöȦӣżɽصٶΣһЩ˽⡣Ҷʹ㵨ϸº·
Ǿ񲿵Ķ֣ȨλͬѰҶСʵڲһλôȤشˣ¹£ƾһֻ֣Ҫռ㲻ںߵ͹ʲô˶Ҷײ˵ֻǸ֪ߵغͷˡ
һЦе㴳ûʲôá˵ڽ겢⣬ٶ㵹ǺͣôԸԸٻؾǣѰʹ㡣
ҶС⻰ʱһû뵽λķۣõҶСȻĶĵطĸĸ˫סѶھǣܻؾ١
Ѫ˲ͷҶС׾ƤҲ΢΢һĨѪɫź룬΢ЦؿҶС죬ɿأҶС޲Ӧĵ
ҶС˼תһɲǼ׵ʧɿȨһ飬ȼѪȴҶС붨⣬̧ۿɣ̩Ȼ΢ЦΣ
ҶСɳҾһ񣬸мصС΢ĩСɴʵܳ
ɸ΢Ц͵ҶС쾪ϲعлˣȴҶСֵֻ¹ٴǳѧʶªصأɭϣּͣ¹çײ֮ǳָɴ˺ԡҴ


58 Ļ
ҶСĻ΢¶֮ɫȫû뵽ҶС쾹شƬ̣ɲŻصҶʹ֪ڽ꣬ӻ᲻ù
ҶС¹ף¹ٱǹݺһʷӾӣĽܹ¹ٵĸ¹Ϊÿ˶ʺԼĵطֻ׼ʺԼλãܷԼãһչƽνȵ¶֮֮ںһС¹ʵλˣ̧ĻԮ֣¹ٻغأ£¹ٶġ
ɳĬƬ̣΢ЦⱾ֪ˡ
ҶСٶҾô¹ٸˣ
ɵͷĿҶС칪¡ҶСڳվɱ˶̤޲ȥ
αһ΢΢۾ҶСľܾûжŭ෴ҶСˡˣѵľѵʶԼĶ̴ܹԼԵջ󣬶㣬ҶС춼ˡ
žԺõĵ̽ӵ⣬㷢ȫ淴õ㣬͢ϴƣ˼Ծֻ³Ϊɵġ
Ҫְֵȱ˼֣ע⵽ҶС˰֮ġҶСĶλҲֻһ߹ˡҶСĶ̴ھʿδذóͷοһˣȻȫ࣬ҶСҲдϢġ
ҶСڽٲάľ棬ѵʶһ㣬ŵ˺أѵʶͳԶ۹⣬ԼΪͷΪţ־򣬶ɶ߿һۡ
ˣұɣҲܴһ棬һϲǺǡź룬¶˵Ц⡣
ҶСվڻͬſڣĿɵĳԶȥ
ɲÿɷ̬ȣʹȷɾǷΪһСȥ˵ɲϰæĻҲк֣ѾӦ˵ˡ
֮ǵɲҲؾǵġ״ֻиʹ˹һӣôؾõѡ񡣿;ϸһؾǾֻ޳ͷ֮ա
űľ첻ˣǴ粽Сͷֻнƫ棬ҪôսɳսݽҪôΪҳõӶƽơٲȻֻƹ߻ʵԶĹڲһ߻ᡣ
սߣ˵еͽ佫·ߣʮа˾ҪΪ޶ӱ֮ǵġҳϣãҲ˵ûǸ㣬Уʵô׽ģԼ̫࣬Ӵʵ۵ĻᶼûУ͵˻ʵ߾һõţʵߵһǰ磬ܳмˡ
һغؾͳõѡֻĹֻԳɰӢۣ˼ƽϳĵطˮŻгͷ֮ա
ߣھǾûͬô˾ǣҲıֻлصأ󺣣û֮ء
ҶС뵽λ桢Ÿ߹òǫǫӣʵ򰵲ػġĹүȻ첻ôԶλүȴȻʱڱС
ҵŪˡ
ҶС룺ֻ˴ӴһҾͶߣܱϵƣ

С˫ȣͻسϼȥˡߵʱſڳϣӺòҡȥһ̣СʼնûиԼڸ׵ʹг
Сĵر֤ǣУð¸ԼĸҲΥŵԡǺεˣºһӵˣǵ㼿ôù˫۾
Сϵ˸ѪͷҲʼԼǱ˸ˣ˼ʱ䵭ֻΪ˫鲻ãҲδ롣
ţƣҲ̲Ӱ˵ǹӼཫд󿼣˶ڼҺúö飬õ߶Ȼƽһʱе߸ϵĸоǷ⼸ͬ飬ŹүǸͷӣȴҲĵĺܡ
ʱ̫һ飬е̫ܵһЩ˽ǮͬʱȰ˵ջؾɶӨӨԽãеִԽϾʹ˷ѰĻ˶Է磬һмʱȥĥʱ䡣
óʦʦ½Ӹԡ½Ӹ빬УרΪҵ̩ɽʱݡȫģʦտɴ½Ӹѧһָ֮ٲȻҲǵˡ
һգػһ꣬ǵ֪ݣ߶ǵ֪һ֣Լҵ붼ۣѣԲ飬ֻһλ졣
Ҳ⣬Թйһ󣬺ȻǷһʯëϣСһ㣬һ˸£һһ˶ߵʯëϸϸ۲һǿʯϣʵңëϿҲģ
ǵĵüɫ裬һʣͣ˻⣬Ϲ²صôҪʯ
ɵصģӴӲֻϲʯͷ˵ɣʲôǮ
ǿһ˶ߵëֻȥССһƬʯƤ¶߾Ө͸ϸһƬʵؼѣʯͷֻһС˭Ҳ޷֤ʯͷ߻Ǵʯ
һӣʯͷɲСǮȻҲˣҪǿʯͷȴֻһƬǿɿˣĪѡСһİɣȨ棬׬Ҳ˽ǡ
΢΢һЦҶ˵۰ɡ
һԥ㿪һԽϸߵļ۸ɽƵúܣʯΪ˷йºԥشӦ̫͸˽Ǯ˳
һɾȻӦˣǵʯʿߵһ񣬲Ҫ˵һ˶ߣֻ֮һλҲ׬ˡ
ûʧصӣҪĽʦ湫Ӳʯϣ
ҡͷأʯͻҸԼ
ƹһʧɰԶƵַһ˵ǵ˵ԶˣǲɧϽкƱ׼ټһʯԶ򸮡
ƱĹ򣬵Ǯˣֽ˸˱裬ص̨ٶǰƵƷ˵ĶԻ㴫Ķ䡣
˿ǸǫǫĹүʵǸĵ
һڲӱǿŴ۾ƹģƹüɫ˵ţȫδע⵽
˵λү鱩Űĺܣвĵط£̫ҲײСһ˵λ˻Щرá
²æʵʲôȺã
ƹصλүȺŮɫϲз磬ν䲻ɡ˵ֵ֮ܣ˳һڵأûû顣ǰãżȻײǵ˽飬һ֮£ӵȶˣѾϻسϼˣΪľǰλүħצ
һףһʱֻֽűôôʹ˲ҥˣ


59 С
ͷͣȴǿ˶ƹЦӴû뵽λүãһͷһ˵ҵ˵һ׮ţ֪𣿡
ƹĵʲô¶
ǿ˵λү֪ɣ
ƹĵŶ¶˵˵үھʱ򣬾ͳһЩʿ
˵ˣҪǹʿҲûɶˡλүŵĶЩҲ֪Ǹĸѧһ˼Ҫϵǳϵʲôģ
ʲô
˵ԽԽСصģ䣬ӣŬ׽Ŷ˵ԼԼʲôŮӾѪϡѪӴˣô԰
ȻĶ϶ȴҲǾ˵ʲôˣڵһ¾վѪϳ壬;ǰðĻһΣһʱվȣһƨȥ
ƹ߶кЦصĪһ׼
ǰۣҲף˷ǴӱҥԣԼǰʲôȻݣŵǹ죬û׼һ׮ʲôŹֲš
ǿŭ·û¶Ƶƹǹ˿ͻഫַ˼ҥԡòߵ׼ó̧ʯϣɷظվҲƵĸЩ˳ȥ
ɻصԶҲ˲ǿʯϣѹүԼʯ˵ҥԶ˵һ飬˵֮ɵˣ촽ֱ¡
үŭǺҥ˹ˣд
˷ŭصү㿴¸Ǻã˷̰ףڮĳǿ벻̣һ֪Ӧ츮׽ҥ֮ˣϳͲ
ѽ򲻿ɣ
һ߸ϣ¶Ϊƽڡһ¾յģ벻֪һȴ˷磬֪Ӧԡү֪Ͻֹ
үˣҥԲ֪ǺɢȻӦ츮ҲõǱҥԵˣץҥҥºأ¶һִˣҥϣ౾֪µҲ˵ˣʱϻѿ
ŭɶصѵҾͳưͿô˲ɣ
үεصү壬ǡ
ɷŭһ˦ӣˣ벻֪ڿ𡢻ǣ̰δ棿ǻʼ棬ҲҪʧˣ
үүһһᣬüգʾˣҲûˡ
ɲȻ˵ҥԣĳܳšУȥӦ츮Ҫҥף֮Էͷ֮ޣ
үүһδˣѴҴȥүԶȥıӰҡҡͷѾԤһĻǺεȲˡ
˷߷ȻܵӦ츮ȥĸ״Ӧ츮Фķ˴ãһ״˾ȻǹүһϽ˸̽⡣
˰һ˵ФҲҡͷФȰ˷ŭһҥߣžȰϢˣԲӦ䣬ҥԹȺԶͣȥִҪ˰
ФΣֻûಶͷ˵ԸһڲͷӦ츮ķԸҲץҥҥģĶץȥܲɿнͷӶģʹȥ˼˵ʲôɣ
ɹүɫǶɷµطԸͷֻôӦڲСôһй˵ĴžɹķӱˣһʱѬ졣
˺棬ΪֻҪùٸûн˵飬ȴ֪ٸٴҲܲƽͷյǸͷӦ츮һ飬Щžʹ˽±˹۷׷ףٻҲģش￪
˵˻Űڸӵ潼ȡ֣ŮӴȫ㣬ߣ¡
˵ϲôԣȴηգɽش֣ʶҰȻ磬ũΪޣȡ֡
˵ϲԻ˵ĸԣڰʱȴǰˣŻ븮ɱԵԹ˸ǰһмϾ±ǵ˶֪
˵׽ֱô˻ụ̂żʮӣÿ춼Ҫ̡
ܿ죬ͷö˾ͻɫƱŰƼŮϲԡǿռլѪȵȵƲУٲȻһɾ
ڴʱκʷ˵Ҳ˳͢ʷõ£ͨͨ˾һͣ»û͵ڽٳˣּˡŹ٣
Ȼ˵иʷˡŹ͢٣ڴǰҥֻĵ񣬵ʲô˵ˡ
һȴͻȻһʾڽδң˵УֻҶСǿһ
˵ҶСҲӦĳңΪҶС죬ҶС첢֪ҲûɷԸǳҶС죬˾͸ˡ
ֱʱ˲Ż𵱳С뿪ʱΪ䵭飬ơжĿԶɲɰ룺ĪҶСѾ֪ҶԸˣ
ɲɵҶСͷʱҶСйĵҶСͷϣԽԽ޳ֶΣֻǸ벻ߵҶСʹó
Ѿ챻ЩҥڷˣﻹǵǸصɣһٹɵҶС죬޲̱ס±˱ֱͬݶȥ
Ҳ֪ˣǹƥԶϵͬǰ˦배սҲսһ˦ؽ˴š
Դӿ֦ʹŸ֮󣬻ͬٶȳµֱʱֲɨͥԺ˰һ֨ΣѼ£бյϣůĻ˯
ʱߺȻһȣ㣬ҶСڣ
Եɵɵ˫ۣͼһλ°ӣĹִޣ͵ص
λͬݣǸۣûʸյλ׹ǰԲϵóλүѰæһͦ֨վЦλӣҶʹס
ʵô
ڨڨشСĿɲ֪СɨԺӾɹ̫ʵ֪ʹû˵꣬ѾֱԺȥˡ
ͬǸĺԺǰס޵ķΪգΪᣬÿżӣһΪһסԪԪһһż䣬Ϊաᡣ
ڶԺʹ߼䣬ǰЩ֦Ժ䷿Ὠã֦ʱס֦ȥ˾ǣͬҶСռԺ䣬ΪƷɵ˵ס
ڴԺ䣬һͥԺտҲȵҶС죬ҳ
һŮҵص˭Сѽ
̤ǰǺˣҶСأ
Ů˭ѽСеģл˵
һ󲽴˽ȥ


60 һ
ɴϿտգӰһתƹȻһңۺɫӣһգݶŵɫĹ⣬һŮӵҡ
һӵŮǰһֻŸڽϣͿޢɼ龰üͷһ壬дģŮҵĹ뷿Ͳ룬Ů˶ԣǼ˽صĵطʾ˵ĵ˵Ůһ˫㣬ǹСŵģҲþô˫˿
ϵŮӣμʱҶСߣɲҶСݣǵʱһװɱ룺ȻŮӣ֪
֮䣬ȴĿλӰ߲ʵӨӨȴҲǸŮ
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׳ϲŮɫҲһæĿ⣬м֪߳ܵСŮ㣬ҶС쾿
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ĺܣ
ҶСҲЦˣѽŮţϷ


61 ߵĹ
̫ףһЦΪƤ
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ҶСһ˫۾ɵø󣺡£ҾȻ̫÷ˣ
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ֱأ置ʿΪߴլʱĿǸķţŽһˣҶСȻ߽Ǹˡ
ʱҶС죬Ƿ˿ϵֻΪϲˡ˴Ͻʹʹֱ׳زŮɬվûԼϯΨһ뵽İ취ǰ
Ǵ֮ﾭ֮Ҳ֪˶룬һδ͵ҶСǰһδĻϲؿȥһδηĿɿɵԴ󷢡Ͳֱһ䣺ɵԼ𣿡
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ʱҶС컳ﱧôһС˵ĹǶ˿ǵǸѹ˺þõıǮܵǿô̼һӾͣ壬Ͻˡ
ҶС컳Сˣ־룺踥ȡ̣ʱУꡣݼңðƽ˻ôһֻҲǸϣֻҲǷţͽ˰ɡ

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һ磬ȻүϣʷһҹĹ±ԣһ˾ǡ
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һʱ䣬ŷ೵ᡪߵĳĶ


62 ٲһ
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ҶС켱һͷһļ⵶æԱһǼ⵶ԡһ˩ϣһذףٶҶС
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үˣǻʵ۹ݣšҲ֪Ҵ̫ʱ𣬱ةࡢڸʡ֮һֱĹľ棬Ĺ䱸ľǺ󹬸¹ҶСֻһ̶֥ĹٶϾĹһԱҶƱǵóҰȺ֮
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Ⱥһ۴վͽ߸ϵĹү֪ƥһŭǺεģ
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˫ĲɿԶм̧һŰ˹


63 ǧָ
Ȼһ书ҲܲסôҪЩõȫŮ˵Ĵַץӡ˺ҧʤֻܽ
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ɶ˶ŷ֮˿Ϊм̧һŰŰ滹ſһˡ
ڼĬĬߣһ·ĿǸ߸̧ľļ˴ǰ߹
ƷɡëǣǻǮź̧һŰ壬ŰϣҶСһſ档
ŻƷĽŲŰ΢΢ţˮϵСҶС츩Űϣǿذͷپȶüʣֱͦ촽΢գӾ͸һǿ̬񡭡һߵܡ
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ҶСһǿʿǳһֱ̧ǰһҶС죬ǳ˼棬ۺ졣էҶС⸱ģЩƶûȷѡ
Ʒ˰ŰŵЩԼļϣҶСӸ˺ɵƽ롣
һƬţҶСŰϣ˵ˣǸ߸ϵĻʵ۹ݣңֻһְС١ݡ۵λȻԶԶȵģҲǸˣǸصӺ
ҶС鼤ĿҵŮˣ䱰΢ȴҲ֪ܡǡҼȲܷŮΪ֮ףֺùˣʸףҲүǹ
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չ˵ҵŮˡвһ漴룺һΪиɲɡ̫һˣȴĻ䣬ϲỨ
ҶСһı֡һ׳ʱڶ˵ĹոմһܣѪڵļҲѪǸ۽࣬׷۸ߺƶƣ䲻
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ҶС컹û˵ڼѾŭˣһָ˵ıɣñɣ޳ܣɱˣҪҧһڣҶʹϧԲҲҪݺ㣿ʲôʲôԹ
һ߲ѵصҶʹƼأԵձ֮Σ¼˲ϧֻΪݺô˵ҶʹʲôʲôԹ
̫޳ˣ
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ţɴ˵С˲񣬹ڣ
ڼߣ׷ƿڴ˱İٿĪ磬ͷһ𣺡˵£˼Ϊڲ壬ϧʹֶΣ˵ʲôҲûˣֻ»ʵۺ̫Ҳ
ڼԽԽѪڣ˲䱬Ǻȥ׷״ɣӯ˹ˣҩɾȣȥټͲˣŰϣݱ꣡ϳ긮ϳ긮
ڼһӵϣŭɶ˫ȭһ߬ҪӭͷүյһѱסɣеүٴˣȺڣ˵Ҳ˵ݱΪϣ
үɾߣмۼֿ죬һ嵽ϣںǰֶظ긮긮
үƲϽһɣıߣڼһй裬ʹˮľź׷ȥҶСһëǵ׷ȥ
ҶСҪ¶ֵǷ꣬¾ëǡƷɵ̧ţſŰϣ״һ·׷ȥ
ûзӦүһСܣܵ˴ϣѾܳôԶˣͣסҲˣֻú衢ҧгݣڶ˲쾪Ŀзſ˫ȿ
Զգһ·׷ϣһ·ſںţɣӯ˹ˣҩɾȣϳ긮ǣϳ긮
ٺ棬Ʒɺëǡ󲽣̧Ŀбӣһ㣬ԶĿǰҶС׷ᣬ֮ݡ˪Ĺ档
һĻǰδ˺˦˫׷ȥһЩմŪ߳İղ֪ǰʲô£ͼհɱҲ˦󲽼Уһʱ䣬βİƹѩŰԽԽ࣬һƺƵԼǺò׳ۣ

һгӷ糾͵ؽϾǡһλŲ۵Ѯ׳һ֣һüëһɨ׶һ²ɵŵߵ˧ǼҪڽͣЩʱգȥסô
һλòŭ߳ˣҼҿջס°ɣϷ֪ҵ˽ꡣĬƬֵ̣֪ҲһŲҪ֪ᣬϷֻڴ˰ЪЪ
׳˵ǣ
ӼǰУԸһлʿȻŲ£˶ֱȱǾ˳;棬ˣȷ緶һѵء
˵Ӻ棬һųӣǼżҾĳӣٽװˣװҲһЩˣǼͺѾ
һװڱ߽ǵķ϶ˮϣӰ⣬ֻֽץҪȻͻˤȥ
һ·ż˧µױͺѾǶΪ˧Զݵףûһɫǲи˯ǿǵ̣·Ҳ۸
˽ǣ·ƽˣѾߵˮݣʵʹ͵ˮϳЪЪŶһ·ڣֻܰƨڳϣǸסģֻܸС
Ѿϣߴߴ˼һѾȻŤͷתˮ裬ص˵Ҿڽϣ
ˮûϵԼ˵㶲ŷӦæұסھݣǽꡣ
ѾˣǽϣжԶ
ˮɬȻûˡ
Ѿô㲻˵һֳ
ˮʱЩݸѾϵ㲻ˮʱˮ˵䣬ҶСеλֳʱȴǰٰζͷ
ˮЩ࣬Ĭһ£ŵںأԶ
һѾ䡰͡һǴ˧ĵغãڽģû취ˣɨǣ˦˦ֻܴȥݼˡ
ˮһᣬæŤͷȥǿԼӣʱȴһ뻮һĿںɣӯ˹ˣҩɾȡ


64 ϻϵ
үˣһ·ټżȻͷ󺹡˱ܣ߻һȺӼ׷г֮޺޵µү㲻ҪңǾһս
үЦãһ߽קţһ߷ſ˫ȿ񱼣ˣʱ֣Ǹ˿ʵôߣȥκϳɳء¡أΪֹ
ߣڼĲĿںſ׷᣺ɣӯ˹ˣҩɾȣȥټͲˣŰϣݱ꣡ںϿڣһܵ˸߲ҵСǾѧˣһ˺ӡ
ţƷɺëǡş̌ҶСҲ׷ҶС·һߵƵģһ׳ͣһֱǰǿسͷ­ظ߰ţһַָֻǰƺΪ󷽳ǧİָǰķ
ˮʼ䣬ͻȻͿǸ쵽ӰˮֻԼڷΣƴɴ۾ȥ۽ǵˮûд
ˮû뵽ڽ꿴ҶС죬ŴͣԾؿҶС졣ҶСĿбӣְذָ·ơԺĹԽɫָźƺƵд·ڳȥ
СС硭ˮ˻ƣ촽һֻתѹûڡ
ȺڵжƺƵ߹ˣض˧ĳӣض·˵ĳӶͣؿ಻ж飬Ƿʲô£òʲôйأ
үӽκȥʱκſбأЩΣǲҴۡſڼߺںš
ţǧİΧ£κǰɽ˺ȸỹ֣ˡ˻ߵһͨҲŸߺɵĿںţ˶ǿơ
κүһ߲һ߰龭κ˵һ飬κ˵ȥ˲ؿһۣۺɣүһɹɱˡ
˵ҶСԼףðΣվΪݺɣκǼŵġҶСʲôԹҶС첻ǸСʲôɸһλ׹ģ
˺ҶСǰʲôԹҲ֪ԵٶһӨӨȻִš
ǰʷ£˵˴ҶСסͼǿŮκǺʷģϵƶΪ˶а¶߳ŭɱйߡ
뵽κжɺǱġүѾӵˣҲܰƳ⣬κã˵˻Ǿ뿪ɡ
ʲô
ɱΪλֹҶСץϰ죬û뵽Ȼ˵Ļŭɶصʲôĳʱ뿪ϾʵǿԸҵ
κص˲ߣѵϴˣ
ǰһڣûʣʵʲô˼ѵĳĳҪһӱЩɣ
κ˹صˣʱˣȻЩ¡ǲˣ˴ȻҲףνվüȺڣʷҼŮһ£ɱһ£նҹİηֱף
ɾŭӣڰصǡʲôҼˡɱˣҶСݺҡ
κĻҶСݺĳˣأҶС첻ǻͬһСԵҪݺˣ
ɵʱƿԣô˵ѵŮ飬һݺľ˵
ʱκѾ⣬ҪˡʺͿʣ㲻ѹ֮ԷŹ˵ָȥҶС죬½νֵľͲֻ̫ѧͽգЩССҲҪϽͷˡ
ҶСΪһԱҿԱ׹ĻΣ˭гһͬԼϡ˵κ̾˿ĹǿиרݺڻԵĹ񱰡
ڲ֪жĹۺ˾ҵʷлأֻûл֣ٲߣǾĲʰˣЩԱضȿֺ
ʱǰв߻ĶչСѧٷ׷ҡʸӣĳţǾͳĺĴ¼ʿֺ͹ԱȻȺӦʱΪƽϢŭʵۻô
κǹһңһ佫ײĴڻʵ۹ݺ֮䣬κԼĶλվһߣʱӹˣҺݰһ𣬼ҵǿҲһجΡ
κ̾˿ˣҲ㣬һˣǿ飬ۡɱˣͱӦ츮֮ԷѶˡˣ㻹Ȼؾȥɣڽ꣬ҵȶΪѣ
˵κվ˳Ҿһɱκⷬҭð˳ùˣƷ׶ûеְС۸⸱ģ
ԽԽһᣬȻ¡
ѾԤԼؾ֮󽫻ʲôľˣԽ귽ڿһǣİĸףı⡣˵˳ɻʱֹˣǧˡ˶ֹ
ΪʲôҪҶС죬ΪʲôҪҶС죿Ĺ۶һֶۣûǣȴ˻һӢ촽޾İû֮С
֪ѾԶʧȥ˶ԸҶСĻᣬ˺ƴ˶ҶСѾ˲ηǿȨԻ׹ݵѹֵĴĹΪԺʿ䷶ϻϵʭӣǲҲˡ

ҶС̫үƵϣչԱߣһ龧Ө͸觰ӣңʱһţݵҶСȻȥס³Ĺˣ̺΢
õչС㣬ʱô˵̺ˣҪЩνΪ컢ˮǿȻȵõһӣž͵ҶСͷݣӢϣСһݡ
Ҳԣ
ÿҶСôһ˵չбһĹذ̫ˣÿʱһöӣңЦţſһСҧȥӣ֭Һʪ۴ӣһҪۡ
ǣһϲֲ֮ԾˣҶСĴʱƺЩаȵĶĻŻŵģչ̲סʵ㡭ôʲô
ûȣûʲôÿ¡ҶСЦ̺ĴϼѵƿԺɻصǷġʴǵĻ档ĸ̳ǰСèһˡ
컢ĸƷ¶˵ĺܡ


65 ԩ·խ
һӣңһһЦһһЦһһ򵥵ɰζôĺң򵥵֮Уܰĸо
ëǱⲻʱ˵ʱ˽˸߲ҵضҶС磬СӹѽѽǱӣߵĲģ˭ûҸߣһߣκͳˣ뿪Ϣһ˵ˣЩֻˣνףء
ҶСЦˣҲǱȻҪߵģڽ˺򣬻ȥŹ֡
ߣǱҪȻ
ЩҶС죬չü޺޵˵һ䣬֡͡һЦҶСȻˣȴǱĺˣ㲻Ѱһλүǣɲܰ
ҶС΢ЦݵòͻŹ޼ңȴҲҴҵ⣬ŲţߺߣȻˣһӣΣ
չ̾˿ȻֻһССĻͬݴʹȴܰһûͷҲǱ¡Ҳһڲô⡣ΪǸӣ˭ȴǷʯͷֳӲ
ҶСô˵أô˵ô
չ˭Ҫˣһӣҡ
ҶСüԴаصҪš
չЦصž£⸱Ӹʲô
ҶС춢ĴҪš
չͷ˿Լͦţʱ߲֣ȥҶСº޺޵šһѣҪ㣡˵ʲô绰
ҶСʹӴĶȥˣ˵Ǵ꣬갡
չ֪Լˣɫߺ죬ҲУԹԳԶ
ëһãλǰҵɿ˰ӣڨڨ˳ȥ
£̫ڰ
ͮͮӳͮͮǰһŻȣҲһŻȡÿÿҶСѾ⣬бһڻƵģޱȡ
ȴ֮ǰִˣǴŨŨģ˵˵ҶСȬ˴˵ĹϵȷԺľȻͬˣǺںڵ̨Ĳ̣ﶼһ⾳
еŮˣһֻõ񡭡

򿪻ͬݵĺŶһ˽ȳͣȣߵһλϹܼǰѹǾסԺɣǰȥŶ˹˵ǰһԺû˾סǻǾСһЩôˣɱŪ̫Ķ
ϹܼҲͷصˣ֪үΪ徲ҪôطǼϵĺܣ˴ġ
ǾͺãǾͺãô
ЦһƣϹܼͳһӵݵЦ۾ˣæӣϹܼҵᣬһʮ߼䷿ǽȣԼŰɡ˵ϲ̵˳ȥ
סͬݵԺٱһҡһ˴Ӵúܣһ˼ҿջɲôˣЩ󳵵굹ǿһˣٱݣȻе͵ĺܣôסֵطȥǾҵ˻ͬݡ
ͬüʮ꣬Сһɽ޶ԣҵһЩƵ·Ǿ͵͵̿á
ҶС쵽֮ǰȥܶ࣬ҶСոյʱСǲΪ˱ԣ㲻⡣
Ⱥ֦ʹפ͸ˣ֦ʹ뿪󣬻ͬݵЩֶ˼ҶС˴ˣܵ߶Ǳ׳ӣȰѵԺȥЩٱһҲҲźʵסʹǣߴţٳ⡣
ٱ֮Ҫڽһǳ;ȷʵЩҲǰŷ뱣֮ǰڽϢֻҪ뱣ڵŵĴܹվȣľҲı䣬˵ʵۻּٰؼȴ֪뱣ʱѱˡ
ʵױ̫׸ž̫ˣѹֵ̫ǳԹһйҲ˵ĺܡʵʮ꣬ƺϷһòĹŮԻʵ˵еŮˣҶֻһ仰¶οֻǵϷʵ۱Ͽ޷ĵز¶ϾͲˡ
뱣ϰѴ̫̫ѻʵۻǰϴʹһڿԷϵĵλвʵʹϴ̫󻹲ݣִžɣʵһＺگ䷢¡
ഺȶʵ۾ΪƺϷ˹𣬽ӶˣҲˣƵĻʵͨٻ˼ӵܶ磬ʹعԹϴǱŭδϢ̫ڴʱ
Ϊ£жԷ뱣žͰ˺⡣žѹʮʵüʼž㣬Ϊžļᶨѣ뱣ɱܵ˹ڦ
ǽʷֲ赯뱣ʮʷ뱣ѡʱ¸֪ѡزȴӻɻ֮ҹѪ˫£մʪǡ󲻵һ£һغʹعѣա
֮д̫൯뱣ƣ۾ϡʮļĴ¹ֻҪȥΪҪְҲƷ񣬷뱣˷ķݣѼһգΪС˸뱣լڵ̱鲼ǣһ԰׳ʵ۵Է
Է뱣϶굽̫̬ĹŤǮرĿһ뱣ӵ˾޴ĲƸ̰ľߣжλһ˿Ҳһգּ˵뱣۾أ¾ϵĿУЧվãʴӿŽϾ·ס漴ְѷ뱣ĵܡֶ˸߲ҵز鳭Ҳ
ٱʱѷ뱣ļУŷ뱣벻֪粻һķ뱣ʱѾϳǣ̵̻ظϾ·ϣ㵽ȥֲıˡ
ٱ˳תȥ߳һϸˣٱæ֣Ҫڵصˡ
ϸӶһ䣬ǰ߹ȥݼ̹ΣæһϹܼҵȰɣͷѽةңϷҪڴ˵ȺϢ
ϸݼ̹ϣٱӵĹϵ̫ãʮ궨ףʮһӭȢλϷˣϪ佫򻧵ŮΪݼ̹⿹£ҲǷ޵Ĵš
ʲôݼ̹δͷʱҾǳƶһ㣬жθɷԣԼֻͷβһ£ǰǴ丽ᣬƾ
ݼ̹⽫ңϮ٣һƷָ£ҾôƶǷ޲ٰüʵ޵Ĺϵǳá
ϲûԼ⣬ƫֺöʣݼ̹һ檵ľٶ޷̣ƢãִˣٱȻϲڽˡ檷У޵ĹϵȻԽԽ
ݼ̹ԶݣȻܱǰӼϵ룬ǻʵ۲ˣϸ;棬иԹߣٱķ֮˿١
ǹ̹ĶزɴٱһңȻɷˡȻǺˡ
ҼбľٱȻǸµĴӢۣ׳ǧţļͥ棬ɱǰԺλӣҡϷ˶Ҷʹ̫Զ̫Զˡ
Ϸ˽˿Ϊǰÿ֦ʹŸոסкܸɾ˼˱Ƚ⣬߳վڽϣļӵסˣΪ
תҪݣȻһۿˮ裬ˮѾָʹţرһصİüͷһ壬ص澣ǳĺܣû𣿡


66 Ԥ
ٱһŴһ᷿Ѧˮ裬ίؽ͵λͦġ
˺һۣصԼ˿ˣ¿ˣɨʲôžûãҪԼţ˹ݣǨ¾ӡһ檣˫ϲŲɣ
ٱô˱ףΣصţǧҪᡣⲻΪǣ浽̫֮ʶܲ𣿡
Цһӹ٣˲ʵ۲붯㣬Ϊ±㶯㣿ʵ붯㣬ûκΰѱץʵ۱㶯㣿ЦЩˣǰսɳĴ󽫾˳ᢵĵ׸ȻѳɰܵʧһŮϡ
ٱھӣڷǰǧָɱܶж׵ӢſһҲûʣ£ֻǿЦżͣ˿ģҲûʱˣֻҵȵϢǳ䶨ʱ򣬲ʱǼԸŸȥˡģǲȥݵģϷѾټͣô⡣
ЦһĲ˳ʺٴǿҲɻĺܣȻ̫ô㻨˵ҪȾϢɣ͵Ȱɣ֮뿪ʱ򣬲»ǱϣǴߣ͵ȻϪϼȥ
˵գһ˦ת˷䣬ٱվڽ£ԡ

ҶСȻˣΪлƷָ㣬ûдҪֻƤҪȬҲһʱ䣬ʱ̫úչַչţҶСÿΪ飬ʱʱػܿͶҲС
ͬʱҶСҲˡǰ̽Ļᣬͬ׳棬ͬкغȥ˴ǰѴӦȻһڴӦֻǵҶСǵµĿ죬ȴԶС
ҶСЦҵûô˵ⲻֻǻô򵥵£ҪʡҲô׵ģٰĺáȵ˲ͺˣȻҲûϵҳ˳عݱǣ˵ΪǹƼš
˵ˣҽջȥҸ
ϣãصлȥۣѾȡȥҺã˾˳һյ裬ϹϾصףò衣
ţ
ӹ裬ֵؿһۣôôɣָΪǻ˰ɣ
ЦĶأڹصĺܣӼ˾ҵ˶佱ӣ˵̵ĺãȻǹٻӵܣȴûаɼŷ誡
顰ٺ١һЦٸӹӻûϺͿءϹЩãҪǸǻ쵰ƵģϷȻҲҪ˫ȣǸһ㣬ߣҾҪǰ
ǣ׵Ľ̻壬ȫˡǸȣǸͬݵĴʹҶС졭
ո˿ڲ裬ҶС֣üҲһصҶС죬ôˣ
˿ĭǰЩ죬ӸģҶСǶӵĺѣغΪ٣Ըڽꡣ
һ㶣ȻЦô¶ҶСǰɣãúúãΪ֪ˣ
ֵصΪһҶСôˣ
̿صΪκ˵ҶСأκ˵ֱ۽긮һԴ˽꣬ûýٳͣݺεʱ͸˸ʲôĶӾȻӼ
˻ͬݰɣָʲôһƷ̫ƽһظңӴ˫ȺسϼȥˡûĹֱ˴ˣĶߣػ˾ǡ
κ˺ٸʲô۶ǻҲǰͲġҶСȻߣٺòΪ͸кٸǹүҲ˼¶׾Ͱ
˴ϲлл
鿴һۣȻпصСӣС󣬾ûٸ¶أǹЩʵҲǷ¶
۰Ͱ͵صǵ˼ǡ
Ҫ£͸˼ҶСһǳҵĴ£ǵ㿫ƨҲĿЩ
˾̣ܽ

գǲ磬ȻԼǳü˳ھͰҶС¶˳ûἰκҲô˼͵ɴ۾׷ʵֵģԸغأûб
㶣صǰô

Ц쳣ˬصɣ¶ھͿֱ֤һɣһغȥ
̽ص͵òҲ뿪갡
ҡͷҲ֪޵岻ãһڼңٴ֮¡Դɸٲòȥˣӣ̲񲿡¡Ӧ츮ļλֿûٸұԹͻǰҴкҲܰҶСȥ޵ͷʹúܣû뵽ȻԼߣԸһװ֣Ǹһ
˰Σ޺޵صϯƣ룡

ӦˣӴҶСһ˵Цǣ˸˴ϽסЦס˸̫ýŵصС磬û°ɣ
ҶСС֣Цصûʲô£ŵģһˣ˾ͺõøЩҶСת˵͵ܣһɿ㡣
ЩЦЦҶ¶˵£ͷҲðɰ
ҶСĴ磬ֵܣ
˰һ亹ĵλҸоҲ̫˰ɣΪ˼Ҳ÷ȴ֪飬ء
СΪһ˽Թǵƻʹڵʢ磬ϵһͨ򣬷ϼңӻ˾ǣֻһڹԱɴظо˽ŮҪԣŮĹϸ࣬Ҳⶺ̫ã齻ףҶСˡ
ҶСʱԺлɢˣҶСЦȥ㿪ʼ˼һ˼ţһҪԱߵʯ£̫æС磬ʯ̫һ£
̫÷ҲƵȥһȡһŻʯϷźãŲҶС¡ҶСһů֪Ŀ˶˺޲úһˮ¶ȥźá
ǵ̫ôƵСʯ£˼Ƭ̣̫õѽȥëˣɣȥƷɽ¶˵
̫ôӦһһֵֻСӰȥһ˻Ʒ
ҶСкƷ£ϸϸһƷһ漴¶˷ܲѵ飬ʱͷҶСϣһغѳɶ֡²˳٣ȥɡ
Ʒ˷ܵվһͷģ¾ͽСܰɡ
˵ʱ̫Ѿֻ͵ϣһ˵ذѸɹ۽ˮӶҶС뻪Ʒ̸ķǳרģҲûע⣬ȻƷ뿪ŷǰʯѾˡ
ҶСȻʧЦ˳ֶһյݣ㲻ҪæˣĳԵôࡣ
Ŷ
̫Աʯ£˫żε°ͣһ˫Ĵ۾ЦСƷɶأôģ
ҶСЦؾ豭ⶺȥðһ£Ͱ˷˵òð
ҶС˵꣬ȤĿ⿴ݣϵؿϷĺƣ̫ýһ仰ȴҶСϣ̲ס͡һոµĲˮӱǿˮ
ҧűĴŤָͷߴصɡӻûãôѽ


67 Сɽ
ҶСϾ˫飬ÿζʱ򣬺ص첮ĸǴ⣬ٹ⡣
ҶС챻ѺȥʱǺΣȺȻ˰žױʾǰ϶ϳ͵ģɱϾڳϻûжҲδ͢˽ְλĵʷְȻ˾ةˡ
첮ĺͶҵʼʳ֪صȨˮҵıԶةǲҵıһ򲻴͵ط񣬻֪رˡ
ҶСѣֻԱԮ֣ҶСһɲģ˵˺ʿ͸䣬ﻹһϳ̵ԲãۿҪ統һ㣬ٶȱܿΪܡ
Ϊˣ磬ܣԹ˭ͱܼ尾صլֳԹ޵߶֮£ͷϰ׷ƽࡣ
ʱǱַһ£çӦǲʿսʮ򣬺Ȼսˣ·һ·ռŪյ¡ϵ顢ľҦ˼أɱӲֶԽɻ䡢Ԫȵػ
ոʵѶȻŭϵǲԷǭפѲʾפۣɻʹĵڳ壬½ͨݣίɼʹ衢Эͬν˷ּ·ӭԾ
ѲϾӪоԽλ侸ννԵǧʿǰεشçӦλǴʹһһٶʮصĴ󵶣򲻵֮¡
һͨǰϵΨһһϾҪߣÿ춼дľͨѪԴԴϵϣ첮ֳûѺضάޡУɴȫ˿ڡʵĿȨȻֻսʱʩ辣ݣй黹һô
ۼ첮ķޣڻ֪֮ϣ˺صһˣ˱׷Ͷ£һֱܵżѹƴƺҲʵͽͶ첮ġ
첮֮ʣƴǻḻȷʵΪ࣬һ֮̽첮ıƴϣƴͶ첮֮󣬽߾ܣȫΪ·ȫæ÷˲ϳԣд֮ˮŶķ緶첮ĿУء
ƴվ첮һߣҶСԵıˣѭ졢ܰͷ˱󳣳ѣʱҲǺɳӰѡ
ƴдǣ˵õǳ͢ٺ»ɲҶС칩Һڣ˵ҶСչȽԹٸԭְΨƴϻزֿ⣬ҲŲʣյãȫةأνʿΪ֪ƴΪ˰ǰҲġ
ⷬ첮ĶУˡ
ûˮ࣬·ʮƵΪƵ䣬·أ·ɽһСޣʮһޣ˲ȷͨʱ·۷ȴ˲ӣ·ƴϴһȥ첮Ļ㱨첮һϰѻƵ˻һͨ
첮ĺȵ˵ǵĻ߰㣬ԸҪϽǿҪ۷򣬾Ȼе˼ҳе˼һֵԩص⾿ô£
첮ķͷٲȻǺصһˣһ֮ŭǻ˾ɫսսؽ͵ةˣӾӣзףʵһЩһҲɳ߰˸Ҳɳϸ廨ţԸΪգĸΪգŲһˣʵһˣպ޹ɣʵ޷
첮صô˵ֻ֮֮ˣ
ǻ˾üصةϢŭְԾʵ飬
첮ЦһҲܣɲˣɡƴϣӽ⻧˾㵣ΡԭǻƵˣܹӦ֣ȥٺ֮ǡ
ƴϼ̡֣߲һ͸첮Ĺˣл˶䣡лΣְԸΪ˰ǰЧȮ֮Ϲᣬѣ
ǻ˾һɫϽةˡ
첮һ˦ӣȵȥ
ǻ˾ةˣҪҵ˾ְֻ֮µ֪ش˵ͷɣة
ŶҪ֪صͷ첮ҧһЦɣػƵȥɣһپ֪شүȥͷ
ǻ˾ΣԹصƴһۣ޺޵תߡ
첮ЦֵȥʰķıһӦ׼
ǻ˾һ˾Ҳͨ첮仰ȴҪϳãӴ˶ֻԴеˡ
ǻ˾û뵽ײһ䣬³ҲǿӲϹͷةˣְ֪ˡة˿С˳֧ʣƱ죬С˻һСҪ
첮ص⻰ɸ˵ţ֪شүͷġ˰ȥ
۴ҲҳߵǻƵʷǰ˾ɣֵҲµģֵΪѡ
ǻƵı飬ֱͦͦعǶ첮ĲΪһֻ֣ðӲ˳ȥ
ǻ˾ܵԺͻȻѹ͵һУ첮ģ㲻ú
첮˵мһЦƴϵɣҪˣһЩӵ࣬ǿġţѻƽˣ߸ıǻҵľ棿
ƴͷ룬첮ĵˣβطҺ˹أһػڹһɹصһĽ̴
Ŷ
첮ǰɧƴϵ뷨ıϣ첮ĲȤæϸ˵˵
ƴϵǣҲ֪ݵطһǸ˾񣬾ǳ͢ѲֵģҺѾһӦضȴûʲô仯ⶼ֪ش̫صԵʣ͢Դһ
ƴ̤һ˵ذҺ˹Ȼһ׮ĪĹͣ˭Ҳߵġ֤ذ͢ԸܹٸĹĴ£ضϴ
첮һȻĶܰ£ٸڻС£ҪǣնԸĳƺպ֤ʲô֤̻йְ͢£ش岻ݹȷľرϾ仹Ҫö࣬дĽ֮²ܷɻڴ
첮ԽԽô˼ƿУܳɾʹ£Ǳһ׮ĪͣΪʵһ׮뵽첮Ȳѣйǣɵ˼ƿô᲻°շԣƷףɲ¡
ƴЦˣ׵ĻĻֵõ׮أԱְǺؿԶأճ͢涨ϹٸߣԼǼҵһЩ˰ۡ
ˣЩѰգÿΪһӬͷСæµΪҺôǻŹĺôЩĿҾԣ˼ңȻǿôģǻԶʩͶð
룬ҪģǱҡһƷҪģǿԸЩ㣬·ϵЩô˫£ǲôŲ
ƴ΢΢һЦֻǼ޹ش֡ڶշ׷ӦԾ㣬ȰҲˡο
ƴϰѹЩСˣǷԸҪҪǣһɣһ׮ͨĹ֤͡Żʵ۱ҲǷǳԸ⿴һĻġ
첮ͷתһ룬־ףĵصҪ˰ۣҪõ͢׼ҺſûȨģҪ͢׼¶͵ȱϳ͢һذǿҷԣ񲻽ѣ
ƴҡͷ˹ˣְԺЩ˽⣬룬ȡ⣬ΪգĸΪգ⸸ĸִ֮Ӻζأĸ֮գ游ĸ֮游ĸ֮ȡģǼһɽʯǼһƶ䣬Լա
Һ˶ԣڴУǸĸȡɻ䣬򶯲õģЩĶȴȻҡ˱ʶһţô˶أ
첮˵ɴϲܰɣؿϴʵȻǺôϲ֮ҲȻϣλʱոպ
һʵ۶ԣܳƵϹ͵ģ޷Ǿ书γʢ俪λ书֮ϣ¹ĵĴ£ǰ첻ɣʵ۶ԴģҲǵ첮ǸĻᣬ첮һةлᱻϺڸע⵽
첮ľ£ֻΪǾǲĸмȥ̽̽ڷնԴ޿޲ɣһİգ鳯͢±أҲҵĹ͡
첮ĵͷÿɷصţ±ٻúÿǿǵġ
ƴϲҶ˵æ˵һߡ첮ļͷģȴڰ˼Ȼž̨ô¶Ҳ֪ģԴӻϤ£֪ҶСһֻоˡ
ǣȱΣѾˣҶСȻлܵתǬɣֻҪɴ£õչᣬҡǧ֮ˡʱҶСȸһСǻһ仰¶
뵽첮ǲһĨЦ


68 
ɫʣгԾסĺǳȣſ۾زͷһһۣ㣿
˯ú죬ûлشҧҧ촽СƿϣҪѥӣֵĻᷢŲͷ룬ȥԼЬӣС
վӣػͷ˯ţݱͷƤһЦŵ߿ˡһĵ¹ӳݻࡣ
ݷɿȥְŶϣְĿڣֻ˿䶯ķ滺ǾĻȣҶСסȥ
ͤľݡʯɫȫʵģһɫɴҹĺɫŨţ·һˮī࣬ݾڻеǸ˶
ؼ翵ľ϶УӰϡ¼䣬ŵ㣬ӯӰ·һֻɵȸ
°ɱȥiಽףЬϼһ˲ūΪѣ̾
ҶС췿ǰһƣڵķžͿˣȥѷһڣϣһڴǽһΪڰкȻһӰӾһ˫ı۰
ᵽϤϢݱĽȻЬȺڵϣ˫ػס˵Ĳӣż硣
ûзְɣ
û˯ء
ҶС컶ϲصݺùԣǣݵС֣ԷȥʱҶСʵҲŵúܣƽʱǻģ͵£ǴϽΡͷһء
˸ǷᷭһȻǰһա˯ŨŨûֻۣǸµı죬룺ҹȥ˰ɣ
ҶС췿ҶСһյ͵ƣѵоѹõ͵͵ģֻ͸һ齱£˶ƻһֻСӣĿ̵߲߲ͣ
ҶСѾöˣ˿Ѿ̣⡣νů˼ôóԺúȵعţѾԳļĥҶСﻹѳֵס
վǲǷֵҪ󣬱ȽǾԸ֮£ߴ𡢰ư͵شӦҹĻˡ
СС硭
齱£ͲؽԲ̧ͷӵģֻһӭҶС켤ǡ
Ű
ݳԾŴ۾ҶСͷҲˣ࣬޷͡һ۰Сͷ߰ţֻر۾ǰ
˾ôšţһϡ
š
ҶСɿĴϴڴڵغһСͨ졣ҶСЦСɵϣôôأʱһֱģ
һΣÿοˣʱŸӶˡתţ·һ̶ˮƵģӵҶС͵ҡұ㡭ûӴ
ñӰⶼᡭҶСЦˣһݵıǼһֻɫֱỬţֻмӣ͵һ˫ֽŵ̧
һ⣬ҶСͫϱģͷȼĻ磬õƵݵģһءӣģһģġ
ԽԽᣬһȴԽԽأӰϳһ
ţ
ݲڣЩ˯Ѳ̫̤ʵˡʼһ̽߻ûˣչѹһ䣺ݣ
ﾲĵģûлشչһȻֻһû˻شչæµȥһԾӵǽߣժ彣ĴָոհϿɣһӰ˽
չ߳˭
潣𣬽磬ৡһ⣬ңңָǵӰݸոĻ̥ʱ򣬱չһȣŵһƨϣʧе㣿
չһɵݣȥʲôˣ
֧ҡҳȥһ¡
뿪ʱ䲢չûģ˿ʣǰݵͰôôܵȥˡ
ݸЦе㲻棬⣬ζ
չûصΪأЪϢɡ˵ǷѽǽϡعͷȴѾϴɺãӶǵģչȻʧЦ
չ齣һ˯ˣȵĺſ۾һһţϺȻ¶һ۵Цģ˼ѾСŮء
ЦţĻŭţ˫ڱ߬ȭͷ
ҶС췿У綹͵ڰţҶСֱͦͦϣֱضŷһɥЩ£ȫһΪԴչ۷磬ǿĹ࣬սٻغϣͣεεԼģ˭֪
ҶСĬĬϣرʣˡСոտ°һۣĵһỬζһ飬еͶˡ
һῴҵġ
ҶСڱף޵ݵ롣

ˣտڳӳɫıԵ컨·ɫ
չһɫװ̴磬ϰŽһڽкǰ·һεĵˣҹһȵӷ·ѩ裬ɷǺÿ
ҶСķſˣҶСȦ˫֣ӷسչҶСˣ¸һڽ磬ͷĪ⣬Ȼÿȴ־ǻȭȡ
ҶСһûɵؿţͻȻ䣬չԾգ˸Ĺ⻪켤䣬·յ̫ͻȻ˻ǧǧƬӰ¡
һȻÿҶҪ󼫸ߣʵĴʵսЧǿչҶСУҲǿŻȲʡ
ҶСֻľȻţɺ޷ӦչأһգӰʱȥչͦذαõǶ˵ġҶСüЦ˼ҹô
žžžҶСֻƣĵķǵطܣãððǺù򡣡
ߣûչﲻˣ޺޵ذһۣͷߡʱǡڿڴһεĹǷ˫һ̧ǡӭҶСĿ⣬һ죬ߵͷС磬硣
ֻ֣ҹһľȻͬˡƺԭ鰮¶һ֪ȻͿһϡӽһŮˡ֪Ѹٳ
ҶСһݱЩ޵ݣϿһ˿м飬ȴϻϲۡ飬ҶС첻һô᣿ѾͷǸ֮£ΪѾɾ˺°ɣ
뵽ҶСϲ˰޵ĺ˻ݰǾͿغˣϽ߰ɣӹеĶˣϽߣ˳ңңѡС
ҶСôǿСõݣЦе˵ţĵ룺ҹһΪ̫̫æԲŴʧ̬ҰݹյȥһһŵĿջ䷿Ӵݵģһܰ使ɵ֣١ٺ١


69 ʥ͵
˵ҶСҪϽȥչǵģҪͬҶСһ˼Ҫɽӡ۷磬һɨҹµӰġˡĿȥ¡
ҶСģѻؾǣĻ˻ҲҲ鷳˾ҲͣģûйԸҡοƷɰбˣµġϾҪغˣ㻹ȥϵһ·˵ĳɣЩ¶ëȥҿɲģִӲ£˳ӣʲô
չ˵ֻôӦɻǲ̫ĵض̫õãСӻûأҪӦЩ
شӦţģѾͷһһ˺ãǾĵĺãЦģҲģĻ࣬Ůףвϲġ
ҶС˹ԼİȫкǸжЩ⣺ǧټҪչճȥԵڹҵİΣǡһˮûƽȣʵҲΪ㣬һһս±һսɳϽҲ᲻ĵġ
һ룬޳ܵҶСİƷɴǰʧˣҶС˵Ϊ˰ȫΪԱ㼰ʱͼߣչëǵ˶ԴȻŲɡ
ͬݳȥԶһĽУҶС뿪ͬݣûþ͵гϣΪңңѡ·ñӺŮͷΡΣҶСһѵɰ壬񡢲̡
С磬㿴òãңңһϲġһ˫µСѥȸԾҶС죬ҹ֮£ѾԼҶСŮˣų޴ӷԷ¶ҪС죬ѯ
ҶСһ˼ΰСˣһ·ĲɵģֻδĶпջֻƽʱûЩֲѯʣ˼Щʲôһʣͷúúã
ڣ˲ɹĶװһҲӽͷߵβҶСü۵¹һȻǰһҿջһƣҶջ
ҶСϲ⣬æ̫ùеصݰһߵ÷ˣǵǿջЪϢһ°ɡ
ݲصû߶ԶҪȥͳ˽ΡǶиŷС磬¿ӻȥΣ
˵ž֣ҪǽŷкҶСϽס¿ʲô˼¿ж࣬ٺ٣ǻǵջϢһ°ɡ
ֵؿͻȻʶʲôڵһ¾ͻһɽߺͷС磬ڻǴء
ҶСǴ죬л߰ɣȥЪһ£Ъһ¡ҶСݵ֣ɷ˵Ҷջȥ
һϷ԰ôƹ˵ƤҶСһۣҶСϽûˣûˣͺá
ƹʣ͹ס찡
ҶСססһɡ
ҶСƤٺҲ˼˵Լһʱ߶Ͻָ˿ڡƹĿ˿һߴصͷʼղ̧ݹһ˵ıҶС΢ЦŵͷɣǾһ죬ٸۡ
ҶСæллƹġ
ƹЦػһƣԸѡ䰲Ϸ˹ȥ˵ǻƵݸɫǻᣬԿףҶС߹հƣߵջߣһ䷿ӣЦص˺󴰾ػˣⴱӾںӱϣǰ漸Ӷţĺܡ
ҶСⷿӺ⣬ͷɣɡ
ǻߵſڣת߹׼ŵҶССصӭ͹ٳˡ
ҶСһǻЩأصúúãһˡ
ǻЦص´ο͹֤ۡ
ҶСһܵı飬ۿǻתȥŰŹϣţŤͷһѾ뿪ݣߵԷ£ߴشͷ¼ء
ҶС˷ܵش˴̧֣䲽ֻƵ˽ȥҶСߵ£ϲסС֣ݺ磬Ǵء
ҶСЦֻңϴҹɶءһڣա
˵ģҶС첻Ѫڣѹϣݣѵãһ°ɡ˵Ҳݻش𣬱С죬ŵģһ仰Ҳ˵
˵۰ݽʼлӦѾһһȥ¶СƵĽ壬߲֣ߵϣͦβֳһĻȣ·һ˵ң
ҶСһֱǲεĺӣһ˶۵ȲҪժǼȺִҡ
ôô첻һѽһ߽У㱻סзһģʹ۵ӷ·ܲסֻصɣһӱõȴΡΡģʼۡ
֦ͷĳңվѲעˣΪֻӵĸʳˡϸ֫һϸ֦ǷڶţƮҡš
ػӣҶջҶԱߡдˮУҡţˮд˶УҶСҲϣһͷһԴУժȡ֭ҡ
ҡˣУֻ͵ҵĺԼ̲סƴҡҡ֦ҲΡҶҲƮ֨֨ѽѽһſ͸˵ӱڵϣۡ
ƺһӱͣסˣЪġоӨˮӯӯݵΣǡºɡȻ鰮һ¶ʱҲףֱһ̣ŮŮˡ
֨ѽһˡҶСͦǵ߳ȥؿһֻһֻĴ󹫼ߣ¶޿˵ݹ̵߳֫Щ̫
˷һɣҶСԿ׷ڹ̨ϣܿ˵ߵضĺԶ
ƹĳԾؿҶС죬ʧô죿
ҶСʱɫһڣƹĸϽ˵͹㲻´һ
žƹԼһͣų죬˵͹㲻ٶЪһ
ҶСãҲƽϣһ£˰ɡ
úúãƹЦеѺЦеضС͹´Ӵ
Ⲣۣů㡣߰ǽӳڲԴεԼ䣬ֻһҲ⾳Ȼͷ̷֯Ľ˷ҶСȴһҲó֡
ҶСȻ֮һжôôáǽһһȻѸӿʼС㡣ҶС͵سͷ΢΢һЦλԣ
ԭԭҪǺСѽһȣ廹Щĸо·Ҳ̫͵͵һҶС죬ȴĵ㣬˫ʪúϾҪγˮˡ
ҶСһŤͷǸװСĴϽһ˭ϱ˭۰ոֻǻϲص¶ѣǽ۵Ӹ
硭ܵҶСĹذһЦػСǰһݣϬҶСһ߬סһЦߣǻȥɡ
ãݸһЦոոһȻоҶСһվס˽ŲݲȻ̧ͷͼһ˿΢ЦҶСϣ˫۶ؿǰ齩Ӳ


70 
ݷҶСƷæʵС磬ôˣ
ҶС˽ݵС֣û˵ֻǣǰȥǰ·վһ¾εŮӣһССİǰһִĸ˺һüмɫȴԵֺСѾš
ǲȹŮӱҶС죬ûע⵽ҶСֻǿıӰһۣһӾϳˮ衣ҶСһ𣬾ʹѶȫޣû뵽
ִһֲƲǣЦضˮǼҰ׳԰׺ȵģô߻ô
ˮӵ㲻Ҫ˵үҵ̲
СѾЦһ̵صү̲Ƿ˴ӦôԵ޹ʵģүΪ̲Ҫļ澣ǲ֪߳ܵعүɡ
ǣִҲصôҪƤȥûͦ˵ģһġ
㡭ǡˮͺ죬
Ѿִ˵ΪӺ׵ģҪǰŶҤˣҪ¥ѽ˼ҹشأ͹ٳоĲҪзǰƵĲҪ䳬ʮߵĲҪü۲˳һĲҪɨһǵǮ˼Ҷδؿء
⻰˵̫ЩˮˮۿתתӰͳһصԪ߷ߵѾһҪתȴСѾһץסȵţֻôࣿ
ˮүֻôࡣ
ִЦ˭֪أӹ߻ˣ˵һȥүͺͿʮأѰһ¡
ˮö£ǲҪ̫
Ѿץȵ
ǰﶼˮεʾˣѾʱҶСһȥ嵽ǰ
˫̸ڶУǻˮӦǵʲô˼Ѿ澣֪ںιʣʮа˾ܵ˵ӣǼǲ뿪Ƿȴݣ׷
ֻˣҶС쵹ᷢ𣬿⸾С˿̱裬ҶСŭͷ𣬶򵨱ȥһǶ⣬ȵСԭת˸Ȧ㶵ؿһۣͻȻһָŵеҴ򡭡
ֻСҰèƵɻûץҶСϣͱҶСһ˳ȥƺһڵϣۼ׺СǰֻԭצҴң֪˭ҵˣ
ҶСǰ߳һִŵüһ£æһɫص㡭ʲô
ҶСûתˮ衣ˮһеС쿴ԼŬҪסˮͣȥӿˮȴֻǻˮݺᣬ̵ס
ҶСһּˣ
ˮ棬һ仰˵ᣬתӿҶСһץסҶСأ
ˮûлͷֻŵ뿪·ϣɱˡ
̫õɴ˫ۣؿˮ裬ĵСŮӣСðɣ
ҶСĬȻãص߰ɣ
ˮҡҡͷȻС磬ǲ֮ˣ˵ĲҲû桭չңС磬߰ɡ
ʱٱѾ˵˷ˮ׷£ּѾõϢ֪뱣վûڵŵ˳վȣڱ·ϡ
ٱģֻܾ̣ǰݸΣ˵Լǲˮ뿪һŮ޷ģΰ٣̲ҲֱˣԵ֪Ϣϸ
ûϵ·ڣͼһǼ̱С澣סˮ˵ʶ˽Ų߽
ҶС컺صҰӾݴߣͲнĻ⣬Ѵ̡ΪҶ׷ɱͻ˾ǣҲнյԴǷġ
ˮҶСĻ̲סȪӿŵⶼҵӣҲ˵ˣֻһ˰߰ɡ
ʱٱǰҶС칰˹ֵСֵܡ
ִ˺СһϽū澼үС澽žͷ߷߲ƽظ״үСӲ֪ߵغ񣬾Ȼ
žһδˣְٱһǶ⣬ٱһһٵصȥС澴˴ҧܻȥҷ˸״ˡ
ٱҶССֵܣˮǾʶ
ҶСۼˮ⻧˼ұ裬ͷӺ޺øУؿһۣǣô
ٱˮסϷϡϷҪټǨݣܴͬСֻ¿ǾʹǲߣϷʵĲ£Сֵܼˮʶã·ģϷҲİˡ
˵ٱһҶС졣
ҶСһۣмصˮн飬Ȼ٣ȴ͸µġͲè޺ӼٴȱˣĶūʲôöˣ
ҶСٱһڣˮߣݼ̹ӣվ

ͷٱ
ҶСֽһڵһվû뵽˸ѪͷͷӾǴݼ̹⣬뵽λүսһͷ˲ҶС;ú󲱹ð硣
ҶСȻǸ벻ߵӣǶ徴ˣǺоη֮ĵģû뵽Ҽλȴʹһ٣ؽ»̫ٱ̫̫󶼶ܱٵһƷԱλ˳šֵݼǹܱԼȻ˸Ѫͷ
ʱҶСѾˮ˻ͬݣëǺչˮ裬οͬ顣ͬĿȴˮձ
ˮ豾ѾٿɽöԴԼʼǸѾˡˮδйʲôеߣԷŵۣ۵ĻԼ±˵ĳŪ뼥ΨҶСǰ뱣һϡССֻҶСǰرСҶС
ˮĵصҶ磬ңңô
ҶСңңܺãֻʱ㣬͸ǻغذɡ
ѦˮҡҡͷһЦҺܸټǣҲȥңң㿴ţҲܷģչҼСھȪ֮ҲĿˡˮ˵꣬ҶСչһתߡ
ҶСüĶ
ˮվסŲعҶСһЦ㲻صģ֮󣬲ݲһѦˮ裡ϸ֯ҩţٲȻȥش˼Ѱ޾֮·
ˮˮĽҲֻҶСǰĽűرǿңǲΪУҶС˶ͬ
ҶСĬȻؿ߳ȥֱӰȫʧԺſڣʼû˵ΪһˣƺҲ࣬Ҳøˡ
չһۣôˣĵ£
ҶС컺صЩ£ִ̫ţִŹͷɵЩ£ܿȥǿ̫ˣͻŪɳ׾һСԵɡ
ҶС˵꣬̾˿תȥչؿıӰֻ˾⣬г֮С
չһ£ѹ˶񣬻ңȻףëأ
ݵ֣ղŻأһת۹ȥĶˣ
չûһڣޣ˵˵ĹûʵģһΪ󳹴أ


71 ȥȥ
Ӽ¿һķı꣬ͽСıիʵŹӼ࣬Χвķı꣬ʫ伯ͻȻֶһҲǺעĿ
ǹļǺܿ췢֣ȻǸŮˣһᡢŮˣһϮϷļѣţ·һˮˣһ
Ӽǧ̫ѧȴһŮ˶ûУֱͬһͻȻôһλϰʱ˺䶯ѧһʮʮ٣˵磬Ҹոտš»δ˳իͳеһҡ
šŹӣЩҲҪ𣿡
Ѧˮ迴˸ո˰һ鼮Щ鿯ǾʷӼһЩС˵ǣǲƶĶ¥ʷСԪƴС
ѦˮֻһдԾЦȣЩѧ£ҲҪЩǲ֮ѦЩģֻ⣬׬Ǯġ
˵꣬תͻĻƵͼݣܣˣǾͿ
ҵ˿ģѦˮ뿪ͬݣΪ޷ģȥҷݹĿҷݹȻѣ̫Ưҷݹѡ
Ѧˮһ˼Ҳ÷ꡢµꡢ¥ÿβƹ̸üǮضλϰٴеնضѦˮֳ㣬ˡ뵽ȥɡ
󲿷ϰʱĵָһ£ƣǼҵִȱ˵ġһΨѦˮ費ߵģ
ˮʼûҵǻͷꤣͻȻλӲһʱܲεڵء
ǹɫϹ˾Ƶģ϶꺮ůһһٹĴλظ˵Ҫֻ꣬ȱ˴ɴ͹Ѧæơ
ѦˮĿϻĺ£ֻλԳ˵ĹӸĻ죬Źȴֻȥ˿ջ˼䷿лͽȥŶû
磬ˮùֹֻͣƬ̣ŹӾˣҪȥիŹ˵ʲƾ򣬾ųɽҲգκϵе¶ŻСǮ˸իӦ¡
ʵڲͷƣѦɴ׬˶ûϵֻҪôӪǶʲôʱһ£иͺá
ˮ豾ûȥ޷ģһûȻ֮ãŹģ⣬Ϊѵĺܡ
ڴʱ죬ŹҪȥĵط־Ƿֵڣд⣬ʱԿɸȣѦˮŰɵظȥˡѦˮ費ϳĳӣºȲŹӵҲƢһӼࡣ
ˮһȻ¿ģŴζɢﻹĻƣǶѮҵĸˣϰڷűͲϴ򡢱ʸˮۡīӡСֽѦˮţҵͷϡ
Źӽʶˣˮ踺漴ִҴȥĺæ
Ѧˮ˵ƹļӣͬһشɨ࣬˱Щǿ䶯
νŮӺϡӼﾡǾӣӻαӣ֮ǾӣŮȻǺϵģǺ껹ûʽţΪ׷չˡ
˿ʱַظˣƣŪ飬ʣµҲˣѦˮЦѦǰլλһͬסںԺɡ
һöȣԴֻ֧ҪĿСæúܣƽǲģӼ˾ҵұҳʲôΪʱȥҲˣԻҵҵġ
лм㡣ǶعѵĸˣûãɷżҺŰ˹ӶǣżҵԷһǮȻԸǳǴӴҲĵɫ鲻֪ж泩Ȼж¡
˴ֵصǾͲҪˣпˣȥչɡѦˣÿµױӻһʣƽʱͲˣͰ굱ԼĴͺеǮԲͼ׬ǮֻҪӦ˼Ҹ͸ˡ
Ѧˮ΢Цֻòذͳȥһ߰ⰰһŤͷѦˮˣѦذɡ
ѦˮŹӣллС硣
ոһһͷϵԾؿѦˮ裬Ͱ͵ص㡭ղ˵ʲô
Ѧˮ̾˿ȥջס֮󣬲ȥ͵λɩҲղִٳ˸߼ۣӱʹ⿪µģЩ¶ūһʹˡЩ£Щ벻׶ѡ
˸ЦǸǱѩҡҡ
ˮЦݲöŹӣС磬Ϊҵģһúúõģһ

ҶСͱӨӨ丸ֵĵط
ʱ˶׼ҶС뿪
·ͤУ˼Сˣһơ
ҶСλѱ˵ЦЦߺȣ֮飬Ա
ҶС쵽˽꣬ƵƷԪ׷ŮװɵϷŪһڻƽ֦ԼС˵飬һ׮ЦһЦһ㸡һףЩ¶˵գⶼ˼⡣
ҶСļ򣬴ͷҶҶ֣ҵҵܡ㰡֪ҵ˵ֻϧ㲻ǽʿҲǼһʷҪʷһЩ̰ŷɥ
ҶСЦǾҺô
˶ЦٱҶСҶ͵ܣٹգҲҪȥˣֵԵٻᡣ
ҶСץƱãףԸտнʿһƽԸɣ
ˡ¾ƱоһʱԶһִԶһȻˣ
˲˽첽߽СͤҶС콫ĿͶȴû˵εһЦֵ̯ˣ֪ڰˡ
ҶС΢΢£û˵˵һ˳㣬ǶǴ־ţʼԼжϡȡ뵣
˹۲ɫ˵лл㣬㲻õģĺúõģ
ҶС𱭣΢Цֵܽһ𣬻֪ټҸⱭơ
ҡͷ̾鲻֪һ顣νＫطΪҲ
ҶСװûһȻ˱һȭ߳СͤȥȥʱʱүүүҶСֻ


ھž Ƕ


01 粻ƽ˲
سſһСƵԽͣĴЩòĺӣ˵һڱ˭ɤŶƵġǽ̸ֵģִ·׬˶Ǯ
ԹͨҪƸŲ֮Եһ˺ӣô˺İվͻܻݣЩ̴ͣͷȻ֮һ˻͵ĳС
·ҲһһͨҪȻݼ·աᴩϱΨһִͨ·ڵĹؼλãȻҲͳ˸ҪľԴ
ݱҪͨǰߣ಻ϵһͣ©͵ĳӣһ·ӻģӵһʲƵĲƸ
ŵλλˣһЩĴӣǾͰֻ࣬˵ż˵Ҳϸ
ԹۣЩ˵ķκ̸ֹƶϳǶǸɽһЩСˡܶɽвƽزɽǽ·Ǯʵں׬ҵ¶йǮãԶɽҲ⶯ġ
һۣһ˿һȻɤŶ˵Ϊ˱ڹգҪظͳһպպء
Ǽ庺仰Ťͷ￴һۡһɷнµصͷţ¶Ҳ˵ˣȴ֪ʲôʱſʼʩС
ιλ٣˵ҪǸջһ̲סʵ
һЦλǣ
Ǵ󺺵ҽʱһ̡˵ٸҪǸո֣𣿡
ǲһ֪ˣ˱ضʱһģЩǳ⣬ʱֲũһſĵһȫ֡
ǰʱһ־ôǲģдȥ׽˿˷㶣Ҫʱʲôء
ʱһ̡νصְҲûʲôҵҸѧʵˣֲųɡ˵ֺõˣ
ͬһ󺺲˵صǵնǸĸͣõĺúõģҪġ
ʵλôƺ
˵ҽ⨺ҡ
ۣһûסƴӱ
ǺӲ˵صôֺܿЦ𣿡
ʱһ̡ڰ֣ԲЦλٱ⣬ôһƢҲ鷳ƽʱôеģֻҡ
һЦصûϵҰֵǺЦֻǡ㿴ȷʵ·˽ԼʱҲԼĴҪ˼ܻЩ졣أкٴҸյĴ㣬˵ͬģ껹ٷһۣӵ˰ء
棿
⨺ҡһˣͷɣɣǾ͸£ʲôʱʼʩаӦúܿ˰ɣɱϹ˰֮ڰ
ЦеصʱʩУҾͲˡλȥǶ˵˵¶һ޳ɣĴүǾͻ˳Ӧ⣬ʵʩˡ
⨺ҡǻϲ͡ʱһ̡˺ܿ˸ֵ£һѾѾԼ֣ʱһ̡СӢ⨺ҡСǮ
۵ȻģһۣĵһЦ뿪Сƹݡһ߱ߵЩ˲ٵطˣӰǶԸղִЩԸģһ˵кôãҲˡ֣ʲôϡģҲδ̫СЩҪ̽⣬ȶϸˡ
С޴˵үҪּ͢ģûмְôɡҿⲻʵظүˡ
һ˵ͷǣߣͻã˵űתã߳δϣŤͷһ컹վԭأԶţת˻һƨϣЦ˭ҵĿСϱˣĻûˣ
ָǰͰ͵ص㡭㿴㿴쿴
һ˳ƿȥʱ˫һӴǸС椶ӴССһ͹˻갡ӴӴӴܳ
ͷӴǴ͵滺ȴʹ˻źףŭؿ죬Ҹϱӣ˵𣿡
һɴĹۿ㿴Ů쿴Ǹˡ
ǲֻ˿ǱıڳԣЦٻСŮˣôһ˵ŶϿȥǳţһˣбųᣬŴ⾰ɫ
ǲֻһۣ˾ͶۿǳӴӽͷʻͻȻֽһҶʷҶʷˣ
һ䣬ɫص죡ߣȥةˣ

ſڣɽ˺Т˴һźǡðôŵסúɫдżĿĵĴ֣ݣ˭
ֽǮ׷ѩ˺ТڽϺޣмϵТʲô
ҶСĳǰ־ҲǰˣҶСӳִǰβݣλϢþǲǰôô˼еӭ
չϣؿһۣصҶˣ㻹û˯ѰɣЩ˶㣬ǻӭô
ҶСȻ֪Щ˲֪ԼϢֻǿЦˣһЦųԯϣٲǰȥеһãͼݣһá
Щֵİռں߱ͿʲôͷλӸˣԿܵĺܡҶСǺطʿʶ˲һͷҶС֣ɺȻгǲʶҶСģҲ֪λλպҶʷˣʱΪóһ·
ſڶЩТ˵ţڵſڴ򲻻ڵͻȻɧǾͷˮˢˢصϥ£ϲؽеҶˣʷˣ
ЩڽϵТһݣæŤͷͼһ꣬ɫ΢Բ԰ףȺ֪һ·ǰǶһվ
ĸͷǺܸߣ䲻ȴҲԴ׳ǾǶһվͷܶУȿǸһȻҰ֮ڼȺ
ҶʷҶʷҶʷҶʷˣ
·һʯˮѸٵΧ۵İղʶʶȴ˶˵λ¿ʷĴ¼һһɧ̶㽥ǧ˵ֳʱһƬ
ҶС̧ͷ˿Ťͷ˿ЩТǰĸ棬ʯףҶ֪ϲ֣ûʱҵ֡ѵýô֣ٺܿš
ֳһƬྲû˸ҴĻҶСĿһɨһۼϺȻϺɫָۣոձҶСһָ㣬
ҶСЩ죬ȴǲ֣ȻϵҶСģϽǰҶСȻһ񣬼صʷˣˣɣ
ҶСЦʲôٺõĺܣ˵˵ô¶


02 ˼ǣ¿
ǣˣ
ۼͨ죬һЩղŻŲһʱȴЩ㷲Ĵ󺺣ҶСˣǱ˿ս辭ȥ·أʱʱҪά޲ܱͨСЩ˶Ǽ˷·ġ
ҶСѾµЩʲôʵˣ
۵ǣǰһضʮˡ
ҶСÿӦ˶ȻңҲͬ飬͢иĹ涨ǳˣؾǣΪֳģ
ۻû˵Ȼи˱ߵغˣյۣСȻ֪ǣѾĴιʱһˡҼұһֻдһΣÿΰ¡
ʱ˵Ǽ˵ˣǷŽΪЩ󺺡ǲǳ͹ļµģɿЩͨջδеӶš
ҶСһǾˡ˵Ӱʷľүˣĺݽɫ˭ɵ
˵ľĵʷа㣬֪ҶСǰѾԽԽ࣬ںǹܡЩ󺺵ǸľģҶСǼǵĿǣܵرη塣
ҶСǰǸˣũû˹ټӣͬ⸾ˣⱾÿӦ⣬ٸͬϣҶСȰɩѵ㲻սʱѰĵҪ˴˹ݣʱʲôӣ⣬˭Ҳġ
ǣҼھӳ¶ֻһۣαó¶ȥģٸܱ£ɷҲͲˡ
ܻ¸¶ӱۣ
ͷ˲ҶСͷǺܿܵģѭ浸صСǿȨǰֻɰڲһҲùӴ˳ܵٸԵĵѣԴ
£¶Կ࣬ǮͨһЩˣôۺ׾ͻᱻǿ̯Щ۸İϣֻˣҲǶµĹɳ̵İҲȥˡ
ҶСعͷĿ絶λɩԣģ
ǡġ
ЩΪѣŴӦһյҶСߣСˣҲû취ѽǰûƵۣҲûͬʱôˣƵĲҵһͿͳƲ塣ةִߵļֻúҵˣųе˶ۣ©¡
ةôҶСٿƮһ£صǶةѵģ
ۿЦǣǡ֪شүֹġ
ҶСȻô˵֪ش˲Ǳӡô¶ةҲֻ֪شֹˡ
¶һĨŹֵģˡةֻ֤·άޡĵȡİţһгֵȺأ֪شүġ
ҶСסˡۿҶСŹֵ̽ػˣˣ
ҶС˿ҡͷ̾˼ǣ¿ӣ֪شԽԽϢ˰
۵ǡȿȣһ仰˵©죬Ͻ°ȥ
ҶСѾˣةòԼһϲеεĻ֪˵֮áǣܿʱû뵽ةҲûةе·ϵɡȺͰ֮еĺڲȫѹϡ
ʱѾ֮ӡﻹһЩ𣬿Ļͷ֣Ի֪صб֣
˵ةһ໥Ӧ֮£ֻ²ȻйؽڣͰԼժһˡҶС̲סʵأˡ̽ףةһ
صӢةһ֮Ϊ˴󲡣ڼЪ
ҶС̾˿ɺã֮ս͢ʤ۹ͣںرһ飬첮ıȻ׹һϲ͵·زľһιҲܲ˵ģΪӡĻȻڵҲѱע⵽ˡ
ΪһӡĲʲôͣ׹ҶСˮɽ⺵飬׹ǻġȻذն֪Ҷʷı£ɳ֪͢
͢ҪͨϢǴӹݺƷûһֱϣֱ͢ԱƣҶСƲ磬׹ͱ˼ҵģھ㽫սպգҲЩϾͷռȥ빦͡
ɾкô׳ͷģֻҪ汾¡ΪЩ߸ϵĽԪ˧ҲҪ˭ǵĳ໹̫ѿǵطžͲͬˣ㷴ȥɣ
Ȼβͬһ͢ʤ̣˭д£Ǿ͵طȫͬϵͳһЩǱڵĹͻᱻƣӴةæǰæľҲة⹦Ͳϻ㻨֪ششһҰǰ棿
һصıϲأةװԭ֪شˣϲ㹻ֻߣϳôңɸΪ֮
ô򵥵ļ֪ôͿأҶСǺǺЦΪ첮ĵΣɴЩһȴ뾹ǻǸͿλִŶɵˣõıһҲûѧں⼸꣬˾ûӴ٣ѹֱ첮˿ӡ
Ȼڽͷöǻ֪أͲܲˡ֪ܣҲѣ㻨һǴƷӡƻܸҶС쿹ةλ˾ṩϵİġ
ҶСתǰ򵹵Щǣλף·ÿһ˶뿴ģЩ£Աġ˵ڲӻңһЩûгеӦۣٸᾡóһ취ĻҷǵΪٸҲǶһЩܲŵġ
ҶС˵ţǰ𷽲˵λˣͰصɩ˵ʲôڳ¶Ӧе˴ֻۣͲҪ˵ˡְ˻һɽվЩطһҲǷ͹꣬һЩҪļӹ̴ʩûá˴η۵ǳ¶һôھƽʱҲദõģô˵ó¼ҵԿ
ǸԶȴҲٷֻȥļˣվⱯˣ̲ס͵Ϳ
ҶСǶţƱӰŰ칫ϵĽʿǻѪ·ܵӰģһ˳˰̣˭ҲеΡǵļѾΪ˻֮ĿǣȻؼȥɣ£ٸһƴã
ⷬȻǼȱ֮еİδؾͿϽܡ򣿾ʲô˵ⷬҶС죬еķ㲻ͬˡ
ҶСУĺù١٣ΪֹĹ١ҶС˵ĻӣǱˡԹޣҲֻϣܹõܶĲðµĹܵͰ졣
һУȻҶСĳŵҶСһȻκͳ羴ǶҶС컹㹻ľηһ٣˰ǲģҪоη֮ģһҶСͬǷȱʷһة֪شүţĺǿľĸ˭սȨ
ҶСλףȥɣٺԼޣ죡֮ڣžͻиĴ𸴣
仰Ǳ˶裬໥վһЩ⣬Щ˻ǮµĴ󺺲ɴùģ໥ݸɫر뿪
ҶСԹۣ翴ǺЩ߼һ·ˣۼҪߣҶСʱɫһȵվסǼ˭ߣ


03 ˷
ЩվסŲɫʱѿҶСע⵽һȣ󺺶ʶһ˿ȥȻ˾ͷĿȻӲͷƤվҶС칰ֵ֪˻ʲô£
ҶС򷽲Ž̸Ǹ˵ɩЩ˿ıң
ǸֹԼĺӣһЩˣǡЩ˼ҵİգĿѣ߻ٸ߰󣬵Ǿû͵ɳùţ̫үļ
ЩҵǣӲʩҪǰ֤˵һǻ㹻⳥ȻʱҪɵ⳥Щ˶ǵƦåЩȻҪҶСѣͬûӣ֮ʲôϵһˣҲˡ
ҶСʣôɩǿׯϵˣֻǱֹģ
Ǹ˲ٿЩ󺺣ֻǴͷѺӱĸҡҡͷ
ҶС˿صɩȻȥɣôڣѺӶŻˡӣ߻Ҫúõػȥ˵ģ֮ڣһһ𸴡
ллʷү
Ǹ˵˾лӵ֣Щһͷȥ
ҶСЩϵТӵĴ󺺣º͵ЦһɨաҶСЩ󵨵Щȷ׾죬ҲˣǱǲȴ֮Ҷţӹٸ֪ô
ЩЩŵؿͷߣͷ֪ɻԹߵӹ˽٣˵ˣҵЩ޹ʣǹ¶ĸҪ˳ֻν·ƽ˲
ҶСһЦضĻſôƽأ˰ǸҲˣ
ԥҶСĿһɨȥǾͳԲסˣ֮ǰЩۣһ;ˮҶСȵҴ˭ҷۣ
Щ󺺱뷴һҶСôһݣôԸδţҶСô˵ǻ治ܸɵóҶСĺݾǿͼʶˡ
⼸Ƥ°һᣬ׷ױסԴڽƮвʹɣ
ҶСһǱͷԵƣҡͷⰤƣûרҵ
ȶ֣˵׳ˣЩֺγıеʷȻ֮֡ǰԥҶС컹ǿɰ룺Ҳ뿪ǰһ£ǾԥģοѾЩƤĿʾĵ»ԥҲڵЩӣ첮ĻĻ
㣬ۼЩ۴˸߲ңҶС컽ס˷㱨հԵɵǸòʵЩ˷ЩƤΪȲһ֣
ҶС쿴˿ϣǼָӡȻЩɻɱ棬ӡСǴӰƵĴСǸҶŹٲĵɲ񷽲Щֱʡ
ۼЩµƤشֳһƬңע⵽˵ЩʲôŶҶССˣֻƤ£СȻǲµģЩ˶ͷ
ҶСʲôͷ
۵ǡ߷˵ˡ
ҶСֵص߷ʲôˣ
۵߷ˣľķˡ
ҶСĿâ΢΢һصŶңںأһ磿
촽ҶСС߷ˣةϵǳ
˵ϵǳʱһЩҶСһҲˣοͬʱһֺرı顣
ҶСԼλˣȻѮǱˣƤۣǡʮˣɫҲ֮ˣľ̨һ֧ټŻף첮ĸһ
ֻ첮ľȻˣҶСЩ⣬첮ȻƷѣɲѧеģҲһ˲ţһϣܱסĳŹŮĴȣ֦ͷôôȻתԶ
ҶС쿴Щ󺺣ǱشǵƦåҲйӺݾһҧӲţش߰˳ԭǾʹ򣬶ǲЩ۵Ĺʵˣһǹʾúúǰĵ
ҶСҪЩδվסһǾȴǴͬˡ
ҶСЩֻ£ͼıЩô⵹ǲ󡣿ڿս£ֻĲЩСҪҺأƻ·أͲ˵ˣǺߣǾ˵ļϸ
Щ󺺱Ϊһٴܰˣһ⻰ɴ󾪣ͷĴϸˡҵֻ£ռЩˣԲ˵ļϸ
ҶСЦݿصϸȻԼǼϸǲǼϸɲһ仰ܾġ˰ҰЩѺΣȺ򱾹ʣ
ǣ
һΣЩûгɣϺȻӦŵҲЩƤνֻץߣˣõģһһ򣬶ǵֹǻһ㣬ûöɲʹȥ㴭Ҫ˵˵ֶΣ˱ȵЩֶζࡣֻ۶ģҪףǲŹݡ
ҶС˰Щʹһһ߽˴ΣëǵȻظȥŽ˴ţʩʩȻš⸮һֱصʵʵȻʹҲֻΪЩ͹Ƥ£ȴȻŴ󿪡
ǻΪЩµڴ˽ϽܿȻ߽ˣɷ׷״Ҷʷ˵˳͢ϵĴԱȥôȻŻˣ
ҶСûǾĿ⣬ػסһʵڼɣ
ǡǵģˡǸûӾзӦشĽͰ͡
ҶСȴͰ칫ֻôһƵģʵةأ
ة֣ҳ͢ӭսᵽվԱֳָӣȷ·ͨ
ҶС˴⣬ةҲƴİǰ߽ݾһζذѳͷصĻڹŹŮϣȴ֪ôתԶʼעˡ
ҶС΢ЦžٲȥҲ֪֪һڶã˵ãǰ֣߳˵ɽ׸ģƣԻϰԵ̬Ȼˡ
Ҷˣ
ƴһӻƳϻŵЦݡߣè۵ƴϼҴҵıӰݺһڣһ˵̵ģ۳ɹˣ
һڨЦгɹȲȥˣǻһһȺЦԳ˿ͷ
úذúպʵԶʵ壬˵ǲúڲӾҪҵһͿȻڹһϰ
ʵػ˻ңҪԭڹһոٲŲҵأڸ֮ȨûգＸλүһֱæȨôܲҲ
ƴ첮ĵ֧λ˾Ҳ¹ΣһѻڲЩˡƴϴӻ˳سȥ첮ϲ߳㿴ҶС졣
ƴϴһһڲӡһء
ҶСվסŲ΢Цƴ֣ҾôԾ𣿡
ʷˣû
ƴϽͰ͵ʵһһģΧвò֪ƴϵҶСˣѾͶ첮ģһʺı飬Щֻ
λǲҰٵ޵ľзǵˣҶʷˣҶʷǿƻŹôҶʷҲ¾ةҲѻȫɡ
ܿ죬ɫѿҶСǱ廨Ѻ⸰ϾģＸλ˶˵Ǿһλױµץʾ˶϶ˣة֮ѹ֪أ˺صһˣƱǿǶҪҺڵģкܶ˶ѡͶ첮ġ
ЩԭҶСߵģȻҶС첿µĲ£ҶС춼δϤЩԭûʲôϵȻ첮£ɱҲҪܵӰ졣
ҶСȻةСġԻȻػˣةһοǱӵòᣬſͷʳǱһĿˣةĶôˣǡ
ʱȴҶСЦеصʲô¡ֱλ˺ʶң̲룬ҪϾʵǷŲºţأ̡ҶתһȦǸһӣⲻҿһ£κŻˣҶСͻˡ
ҶСЦеģһֺӣ˵ĻΧЩòıӶˡ꣬Ͼ̲룿Ϊ˭صţ㴵ȥˡ
ҶСǴŸģϱ߿ؼͷ֪شүһͣЩֻ²Ҳˡ
ҶСش˼ţЦصȥ֪شˣͷúġ
ҶСɴľƴϵ˵ͷȥƴͻȻѹҲصĻӣȾȥǲ̵ֻӱ첮ıȥˡ
ҶС⵽ãһ·ӭĿ⡣ɻ֪زڶãҶСüٲȥ˵ǰֵúףɶڶҲ˰ɣôȻصլȥ
ҶС쵽þͲõˣѾլķΧҶСվſڣԺиСѾйֵͨһ˵ҶС
СѾشүˣūҲüʱ
ҶСһбҪôԶôʿգֻĶŹоѽ


04 ˰ŷһ
ҶСû뵽ھȻôףµ˷˼ĵزѾȴ֪үȥҶС첻һֱ룬㷵ǰȥ
ʱҶСϢѾ÷贫ˣ֮˱ܵؿʼҶСҪһϵб仯ǳظҶС죬ܵ첮ĴѹżЩϲ⣬˸ͷʹĸо
Ҫ׷һˣֻҪ˵Ҫı̨ӲҶСֶκģⷽ첮ҲҪȻܵõϿɣܰѻѾеȨһض
Ҫ˵̨ͱ󲿷˾첮ˡҶС첻ںصЩ첮ѾɫذҶСıй¶˳ȥȻй¶ϢȻġ
ںԱյϢУةˮҵˣĴ֮һǾĺ̨ҴС㲻ܸȽϾİһҵƺȴҲݡϾǸЧˣܣԲݡ
ҶС棬첮͸¶ϢУȴһ˹ʺ˵ΪͭʸĽ̷ɼδƸΪˡ֮ʹֵ˺ļҴСĻġ
ɺļʲô˼ңǽĴңǰ˴֮һǹݶ˾֮һôܿҶСļҺҶСһʽף뿪ļҴСΪ˺صʷôһ
һЩǻԼôѡôڹţһĹٳģҶС첮ĵı̨Աԣ첮ĸ߳һҲһСһ
˵첮Ĭ£ѾѺƿУҶʷǻܷôЩǣУòѡ侲֮󣬺ױжϡ
ЩſҶСǰ˸Ļ֮ͥˣ侲֮ȨһǸةһߣΪ벻ҶС컹κοܷΪʤ
ȻжⳡҶʷվҪ䣬ҲܶԿģԴ˲úźţʲôԸɴӦţȻ۳ЩԱǵĲةҲʱʱά
ҶС첮ûдͻǰ£λͬʱзԸʱȻҪةķԸҶСֻˡһ£Ȳε˶ҲֲЩСǲ룬ҲĴҵĵط

˵˽ҶС죿
СѾصŷߣſҶСҪүŷһϲüңն糺ƲʣȻˣ죡ãź򣡡
СѾһȻүѾô
ŷүûлҪܵҪ£һѱȥ
ŶŶŶõģСѾϽӦһҲƵܵſڣﻹҶСӰ
ҶС˵֪زڣֲ֪ʱܲһֱأȥʷ߹ŷᣬӭܰͷԡȻһҶС죬ܰͷ㼤ʵˣɻˣ
ҶСһܰͷװüͷһ壬ܣ㱻ȥ跿ˣ
ܰͷỨǣʷ˱ϾҵȾ˾꣡
ҶСЦ첮˻ûа⣬ȥȥֻôһУ˵ֿԺȻһ˵װ֪˱Ȼڳз
첮һеȷʣȴǹٳϹõֶΣ㿿վ
һվﵽͽЧˡ
뿴ܰͷǲͷúĻ˵ǺصӳΪҶСڸģ첮ĵȥ칫ңҲʲôְֻǿʱΡƽ︺λԱˮĴԱʲôǰ;ԣ
һ˰˺ǳָʹԱԱҲһõķ̲ģɱӺãֶΪ
ԺȻǲܳɫ죬ȥзڣÿֻǸմļǩѺﲻգҲǲгͷ֮յģƽﱻָָ㡢ЦǼҲ⡭Ӻεȿơ
ҶСȻ첮˲⣬ȴҲ֪⼸˱ض˼ίҶС§סԺȻļܰͷǶҶСĺֵܣֻҪҶСзɻڴһ죬Ȼǣ
ҶСһ仰ܰͷ곤һЩܿƵסԺȻȴǺҶСǷйƽʱľ
ܰͷһܣҶСҲˡ˽⸰ϾԼҲûаĿ԰Ȼػ첮ı˾ʱְּ񣬶ˡռĵ̡ȨȻ練ơ
ڴ֮ǰͬľͬةͬ첮ĶнΪ֪Ӫ˴þ棬λ̫үûץһȨһЩĸЩ⼸Ȼʧ
λ֪شȻһֱ䱸ةκȴ˼ҶƣʶıսթةױϷŪڹ֮ϣеȨǱ˫ַͳȥģֱһ˼Ұˣϲصİӡİ׳ա
Ȩһʧ£µĻס첮ӲʩֶΣʮеа˳ɾôתͥͶ첮ġ
λ̫үǱȰҲѹЩ˶Ի֪ؾˡ£Чλ̫үҲǺʧܡ
ܰͷЦˣ֪صˣʮа˾ŶѭġȻǼۣȴҲ֮ˣѭ֮ԳϣЩҲͺһΪˡةֻỨ֪صȨҲǷǵðѻ֪ƣĿĴﵽ󣬶ЩҲ֮֮ûмѹ
ŶȻѭĹͣ
ҶСЩȻû뵽Ǹ޴־Ķѭ죬ȻҲ˱¡˵һɲģʼλ绨ү
ܰͷԥһ£ֶҶСةƺתʹ棬Ͷ£оͰƴϣƴѾةˡ
ҶСɫһܰͷĵصˣ
ҶС컺صֻ뿪£ȴǷ츲ذȥ˰ŷǰú
ܰͷɫһ˷ܵصˣ롭
ҶС΢΢һЦļ̫࣬ҸջֻǺʹҼ
ܰͷţ˷ܵصǣְȥ
ܰͷԡȻͷжƸҶСڸԺｻͷӶشҶСصغһϵ𶯣ȻҶС
ʷ˰ŷһ˵ȣǰ
ǰ˰ŷһԱ졢࣬񡢱̡ΪһõҪ־Щܴһõļӡ
һŸҪְܲţʵһЩţзⷿ跿ټ̹ϳư˷졢֮⻹׳ͬʱİֶΪͷ͡ΪͷͶ죬ʵϾںڡ
ҶС˶ˣһ£˵뿪ԼǩѺ׷ǰԺۼȥȥô죿ةȫڣɽϻСưȥô


05 ǿƻع
˰ŷһ˵ȣ뼯ǰãΪ̫࣬ɲôˣԴҶվԺͬºȻرߵһ𣬽ͷӶ۷׷ס
ҶСջûκһλϹ٣İֵݣͻȻټȫԱôʵǺðʧģһԱ᲻ôɱĹԱǸʲôһ˲ʣ²̨ӰȨҶСƫôˣǲʲô²⡣
ҶСҲ룬ݵʯףĿһɨμȺȻطֳ飬һﲻҲ֪ضһɵģһܵһķ֮һд󲿷ֿŶ죬ȻЩˣмģѭ滨֪ؿƵЩˡ
ʷˣ
ҶСһվľɲҪǵʷļ׷Щ죬ܰͷԡȻҾʩȼ˷ܡȴĮûʲô
ҶСע⵽Щ˼ܰͷһʶҲģۼΧЩֱͦͦվһ΢վסˡ
ҶС첻ɫɨһ̧ۣʾЩʩվ˵ܼаݣϾǱһΪκΰѱץʶٸԭְطˣһȥһأҲСĹ⾰ôĺȴôı仯ν츲ذ
ѻȸǻûŪҶС«﾿ʲôҩ
ҶСɤӣֵǵñٳʱҺڰмزѲʱ䳰ȷ֮áŹ֮һٸҵ˵زҲһˡ
ڱٴ֮£ˡһҺعٸ𣬿ʼܵطյľ밮ôˣСĹ⾰ֱ˺֣ţ
ҶСⷬģҶС쵽غΪٸ͸˵λΣ־Щҡ
Ҳоظ첮ߵģۼҶСⷬɿͦʷ̫Σˡջغأ˽ҺΣô͵óۣ
ҶСضһۣʵ˭
òǫʵưصְ٤꣬ة˶䣬ι˾
ž
٤һ﷽ˣҶСѾһ˹ȥ٤û뵽ҶСᶯ֣Ƕȵǽһʵ٤ͷĿѣ˰ӱߵؽŹְʲô˽˵ӳîְһҪةߣʷֻ
ֻûڣҶСһŷ٤ƿһƵˤڵϡ˰ŷôȫˣ˭Ҳû뵽ҶСոճһȴβˣš
㡭Ҳ˽һĺʲôΰɣ˵˹ôʰܴةжȨ
ҶСûô࣬ʲôʲôأͲһѭعصˣҲûôӵĿģΪܰͷԡȻЩżѹľɲ
˸ԼǰվƽжôţЩľɲƽ϶ûܴ˵NߣҶСϾȻķˮı£˴δǡžһŹͻزˡ
λ飬ιƶˣھԵʵǰҲֻбѹķݶŽʲôˣֻҪһڣʵǰҴҶСôӵóġΪԵʣҶСҲһ𣬱һȫ˳
ҶСϺӰڽʹ٤꣬صʱƾʲô㣿ƾǱڿսΪ˱·䣬ةಲ·ϣҹ£ࡣΪ۳ëòڼЪ㣬Ϊ˾ȴңڣ֮û٣𱾹ٵôӲ˭
ҶС˵ţ̧ǰһ٤ڽһҶСŵӿҲ˲üҪˣҪģҶС򰡣ˣɲٰӡ
ҶС첻мؿһۣȺһɨصͷ˭ҹ
ͷڵһ͵ͨ죬ҶС˵Ҳ̫ˣվȥͳˡȥĻ졢۶ҶСʷٵֱԼȴ޶ԣɲҵ˵Ľڣ
֮£ֻŶ߳ȥűʣƤϵصְͷʷˡ
ҶСһŵæסգ漴ͷ֣ҶС첢ûǰָͷƵıǼ£ôͷҪҪˣſڶزã㻹ͷˣҼǵͷͼͼأ
ԭͷͼӦứģʷˣְڴˡ
ҶС쿴˿ͼǰǸԲԲȦ˺ôһ֣֡ӡҶС̾˿ʵزַأ
ͼίص˵ͷ
ҶСЦǵϢӺɷʲô
ҶСһָϽͷˣһָͷܰ۾ϹҶСͼΰͷһְ㣡
ҶСָָܰͷҲزΰͷ̵ģӲڣⶼЩʲôˣһȺ
ͷһˣϿʷˣְةģ
ҶСؿһۣҪЩƤʱҲҲ㣬ΪͷһƤſڽţ칫̫үˣȻΪͷ㳤˶һ
βͷ챾ڰҶСû鷳һҶСĹٶҲߣˣ¿ɼˣʷˣҵȲ棬ة˵ܲܲɣة˵ʷһԶ񣬲׵ɣ
ҶСЦеؿʵĸż¹򣬱ٿ˶ϲȫˡ
ְβͷ죡
ҶС˵ͷ㣬ͭʸƹүة󲻴󣿡
õƹȻةүٶ󡣡
ҶСôλƹүܲԽ޴ңةָһӦ

֧֧ز˵ˣԴȻԣ͢г͢ķȣٸйٸĹأ˾ְܾȻ򡣸ƹٹܵةȴҲԽة
мأҶСЦĴָʵԣ
ԴһĵôͻȻǵҵˣ
ԱߵȻתĿ죬æһĺŸŷӦæǱְ
ҶСãģҲ󣬾ȥͷɡ
Դϲְ̹
ͽ컥࿴һְۣӡ
Ŷ
ҶС΢΢۾Цеʵô
ͽһģͬصة˷Ըְ


06 ʷ
ҶСɫˢһȵ¿ˣôةѹңعٻֹأҶСһֱô޷죬ѵ֪
ͽ໰һ٣һֺƤһλʷôȷ黹죿
ҶСתͥԺˣȵҵˣȻţҶСȻٸԭְҵ˵ȻҲҪٸԭְҵʷٵȨĸ
Ҳǻȥˣһͦأ²ʣְ
ҶСٺһЦͻȻֻһģЦصð죬ľȥةӵĺ״ߣӾ¯ʱ򣬿˭ס
ҶСݻһڣ˶ɵһλʷˣå˰åˣååɫٵˣåǿǳˮƽˣôƣ
ҶСǳ൐Ȩ޼ɵҪϸ˵ֲ֮⣬ةҽôô벻ߵǺ㶵ģةù
ҶС⻰ʲô˼˵ةִⲻϰЩ˵ߣ¯һ֧飬һҪǳִӣʲô桭
ǹ٣ֻ͢Աٺ»Ա۶ǿԼнˮģ﷢ǵнˮʵҵģֻһʹʣҪľԴڹŵĻɫ롣
ҶС¯Ⱦȫ߱ˣҪܸЩ˷нˮҶС˵ѣͳɽǴլ㹤Ǯëë
ܸ֮Щ˴ٸȨʸҶСǵʷֻҪϣȻȨҪ֪Щ˱˾ۣڹٸбģȥʲôһ仰¶
Щ˴ӲˮⷿзָʾȥְةҲް취ʱؾͳִӣ¶һ̵ġ
¶һͱ棬ҶСȻù첮ľͺùˣúһãôŪִӣةԽʷָͷҲ̫˰ɣʷϹ٣Ȼ¯⻹ûеأ˵һ군
ǿΣҶС£첮Ҳ޹˼ô֮ܰϲ̨Į̇棿ҶСǿƻع棬һң˭Ҳڲң
Ѿʼ侲˼ҪҪ첮ĸô˵ٳɻ䲻ͣظĻӪǶԵٵĲҪĽڲ٣ֻǻ췹ԵСûôҰɣ
ۼҶС˱뺷ͽ춼ɵۣôһ޷ļһǻǿӲ治ôϵĹٶ˲Խ׳һĹأ˵һƨô۰

첮ƴϵͬ¼ææϻţһŽգǰ壬ô£ģôˣ
ƴҲЩƶڴˣǰ߼Ҿſڿ֣Դž͹ˣɱְ뿪ʱѾˣȴ֪ιʣٶȹرˡ
ǰ߼Ҿ£첮ĵȻ֪¶߷˸ɵģԻǿ͸ˣԽԽۡԴӵ֪ž̨Ϲٳϰ첮ľ϶ҶСӹһ٣ôһҶСһ⻨ֶ˼
ȴҶСջغرʩЩƭڿߣ˻ǮƤȫؽ˴Ρ첮ıΪҶС쾭һѣ˻͵һЩڸջغصʱβװһʵˣ˭֪
첮ƴ˵ҶСѾˣһǰΣ㰵һҶСⷬеĶ˲ʼįһغؾæȻҪȨ
Žգ첮Ĳ֪߷ʲô£е첮Ϻȵţ죬Žп
ƴץ޻˰죬˻ߺһһ㶯ҲûС첮ëˣΪԼѾʤȯգҶС켴˺أҲֻεĴڡ
߸ϵo侲Įģһָ߸ϵĿ⸩Ķ֡ôĪعرգˡ첮Ȳس嵽ǽߣƴֵ££
ƴһةҪ޺ةõĶ֣ʵϵһ֣ȻҪǽó
ƴϸܳԵĽŶ֨ѽһ϶̽һͷ׷ԴС̽šƴһˣûص¬ͷô㣬ȥˣ
¬ͷ۶һӣôţͷҸ㿪ţӵǰɣɣߵŰɣȱ˴ţӭ
¬ͷ˵žҪţɨͷǰƴһ壬˽鲻ɺƴϸ첮ģ¬ͷȴҶСȵķ˿˴Ӵͬ·ˡ
ƴϸϽסŶŭ¬ͷɱűةҪţݵةˣſˣ
첮ĸհ°ҴڳһҪǽļƣŶˣϽܹ¬ͷŭʵյģΪδŽգ
¬ͷһЦةүʷүټ˰ŷһ˵ѵأûŶȻ͹ˡ
ʲô
첮üͷһϳȥƴϺݺݵص¬ͷһۣƨɺ˽ȥ¬ͷƴϵıӰݺһڣӣ
¬ͷѽŶһأЦˡҶʷרθֲةȻŰˣȺϷܲ
¬ͷ˳ظȥոţſһҵĴ¬ͷòͷֻߣһһ߲ͷؽеˣˣ
¬ͷϵſڣǰţȻ;һ·ⶼסˡ¬ͷ̧ͷһͼƺĺôһȴ˼ŵһƨն˵ϣʧеʲôǣ
첮Ĵãһ·ȥȫһϢ֪¬ͷԲ٣ҶСȻټ˰ŷѵȥˡ첮жʱһּĸоĺؿֻʸټѵ
˭뵽ҶСջͶҲᶯõȨȲضȨЩҲȥȥô
ȴ֪졢٤˴˿Ǻڲˣ֪ҶʷϾͱ˷蹷ǲŲӦأⲻΪôˣǺ溦è
첮Ц߽ǰԺͼԺվˣǰ£վһˣȻҶС죬ҶСʱɷѵŻûע⵽ĵ
첮Ҳվһ£ҶС쾹ȻơƵ²ְܾأ첶۵С¡첮ԽԽζΪ˭ССʷʲôʱֵָֻˣ
첮ԽԽŭȻصؿһͥԺϰˣѻȸ첮һԣȻԺţһةˣͥԺжʱһɧڸ̸۵ҶСҲס˿ڡ
ҶС쿴첮ģ¶һƤЦⲻЦģ첮ҲͬЦЦı顣ĿһԣǡâĴۡ


07 Цŭ
졢٤һ첮ĵˣ·Ĺһ㣬æӭǰȥؼ첮Ʋǣм䰺Ȼ߹̤ȵĲӣһһ̨ס
ҶСվǶ˿û˿ûиλ˾õطľ첮ɫ˳֮£ֻҶСԱվ
ҶСǱţվʯ׵λãһ첮ľ͵վĲλˡй˵ĹٳѧУκγϣԱǵվλλελĽִˣǸʱˡ
ȫð˰ŷʮ˶ڽ¿ţƼϸڣûɵıЩ˷ܣҶʷǵࡢĵظة˰ҿһ棬˭ʤ˭
첮վӣҶСֵһЦҶʷΥˡ
ҶСЦصةþò
첮ĵҶʷ飬Ѿˣ
ҶС¹ʲô飿ֻǲ֪ʲô˼Ͷܣܸ¹١͢ôСɱأ¹ٵ˽겻ãˡϾĴǺ¹٣̲񲿸λ鶼ϣ¹ξأ¹ʵǷŲºذ
ҶС˵˫Ѿгһ죬Ƿ϶ȴеһĺâ˸ţأ̫Էµ˺ˣԣҶСֻˣ
첮ĸԴޣвĻǺ⣬һЦ׵ãðҶʷΪǿɡѹϾʶˡҺظ벻ҶʷĸɲŰҶʷϻܻʵҺ֮
ҶСݵվλϣҲûԼʲôף첮һص˵Ŀǣȴϴʹ죬첮Ǹʲôʸػӭȥ
ҶС˳Ʊ˵ة˹¹ֻڿЩЩⲻةæ·䣬ڼңһʱ˿ˣЩԱ۾ͷɢĺܡ
ȻһЩƤǰڣ͢ڣ֪ش˺ةȸλ˵ڣ¹ںصʱ򣬾⡣ԣ¹ٶԴѾ˹϶Ĵ졢Ҳһ
ҶСȥְ񣬰ܰͷԡȻµز¶첮˵һ飬첮ĵɫʱͳ͸ոչҶС쵱ȫԱ浱ڷҶС첻·
Щŵģһ£ҶСһϴƣһлָԭ״ةϺڣⲻǵڱ˴ô
첮ĳҶʷô᲻̫ˣջЩ»ǵ˽˵ɡ
ҶСЦģ˵ĻȴһҲʣҶĳ뿪زСĹة˾ͰҶĳľɲȫȥ˲ˮзַڣҪ˵ʣǴ̫˰ɣ
첮ɫһָ𱾹ˣ
ҶС¹ָˣֻЩˣҶĳõĺ˳֣ҶĳȻλȻҪҶĳù˵˵
첮صٲأ
ҶСЦݿصô˿ѡһĵʷ
ҶСһ仰Ͱ첮ҭ˸Ĺٶ˵ɣôסʱȨڣȨڣйԱȨԴֻһǾǻʵۡ¼ϼֻȨеĳ򣬲ϼġ
¼ԱȻӭ˾Ϊ˾Ƚ鷳Ϊ˾вٺЭ֮ȨͬʱЩҪϼԴϸ˾ţ˼ҸСЬٶδ
Ҫϸӹ٣㴩СЬǲʣ˾ô죿û취ܶѲѲ֪֪֪أ֪ضةةȻҲҶСʷ
һִȲˣǸʱĸĸͷ˾ǻǽͷʹܶѲìôⲻһࡢһصϸǰܡ
һةһʷڻʵǰ̶֥Сٶ˼֮ǵìܰڵǰһ⽮ʵ۲׵Сٶһ³ȥʵһȫؼҾˣܾˣ
첮ĺ޵ҧҶСٶλҲ̫ˣڲְֻеʷҪʵֱģְٶҪҶС컻첮Ķܰ£Ψǵʷƫƫκá
첮ûָҶСҶʷ㲻Ҫ̫Ϊκβ𣿡
ҶС󾪵ѽةôˣǴӺ˵ҶͬΪ٣Ϊ˳͢Ϊ˺żвϣرݾˡ¹ٷ֮£¹һе˺αأ
٤һ첮Щʧأʱ״ʱ߹չȥίصةˣ㿴㿴ְҶʷİҶʷףŹ˱ְһ١ְǹƵˣɲҶʷܣƾʲôˣ
ҶСةɲֻ˾һ֮ǣ¹ֻ֮֮ͬ䣬żȻڽǣˡ˾ǣ֮£һʽҹ˰ɣ
ҶС¹ڣװģ٤ʩһ첮ۼҶСЦŭȻǲȫõ˶±߿ţ棬ͷҶС죬㹻ˣ
첮˵ţ־һƣҶС조ѽһ˳ȹİ˳һһͷײ٤ϣ٤⧲ҶСһͷײҶСصѹϣ٤߹ǱʯһѣʹһҽС
ҶСʱײǻصةôţΪҶС쵽λԽλӲäӡ̨̨㡾ְءǰûйҲпͰôܴأ˾Ҳ̫źˡҶ˰ةة
ҶСһͨл첮Ķ챻ˣһָͷûҶС죬ҶСлı˭ף첮ֱ缸䣬һɴӱײ첮ĳһײӶɵ˿У̡߲һͶشˤڵϡ
ˣҶ˰ɸûаϵף
ҶСƲԼȻְ첮ײɵ˰նһӣԲһŴͷһȦ̬䣬ȻǸ޶ҶСϸ˿ڣԣة˿ɲֵܹ¹ͷϡ
ҶС˵꣬һͷ첮ײɵĸ޶Żص˼ƨɣȻݺһնյӾҶС޶Ƿཱུһٽ£·һֻصǷ˶ƨöҶСĶƤϡ
ҶСҲװģˣ޶ôһգȥŰ۶޶ҿɽôڣӴˣ
ҶСеûʵѹµ٤ɾͲˣֻһҶСѹϣ߹Ǿѵʹˣʱּһ޶ҶСϻرţ٤궼ιȥˡ
첮ı޶ײðз˸ʵʵˤשϣˤ첮ŭɶشҶС죬ʵ̫ˣҲˣҲˣ
첮ķŭһڿն𣬻ϷȥҶСѹϣø첲סӵ٤ֻܴҶС۷϶俴һߣۼ첮֫ڿգҡ٤꺧ôˣţԭة
첮ĵӻգڿһһٰʮȵĴת飡һʵʵضһߵϣӱҳܼѹĶЩˡ
סô£
첮ľĪʵκӱֵģãȫʲôͥԺУһٶͷָֻͰةڿеŭĿգһʱĿɿڴ


08 
ˣ֣ã
ҶС٤ӴкȻʱֹ٤꼸ţļҽСʱҶС軵軵ġ
ͷԳ˫۵ɵúһͭ͸޶սþᵽҶСζϲسһԺͿҶС챻첮һơȡӺ͸޶Ȼŭ
м޵̣˼򵥶ӣûиĹǡֻ֪ҶС챻۸ˣǾͱܵذ۸ҶС˵˵ˡ
ӱȸ޶ݣߣɿǰһݣֻ¾Ҫײ̮ҶСˣø޶ͷһͷ첮ײ÷֮Ӳ˦󲽣
Ӱ첮ľڿУҪݺˤڵϣͼҶСȵشкһ¿ɾ첮ĵݺһˤ첮ľ㲻ҲҪˡ
ֿЦ˳һ첮ľͱ壬Ҳ˫ǰһһϣͰҶСС
첮ġ顱һˤڵϣһ¿ɱȸ޶ղײһӸݣˤðǣ˵èҶСߵԺУ߸߾Ͼǻϲ顣
С硭
Ժſڴһңңĵܽϻżīۣǳɰ޶Ĵڵܹȥңңת˰Ȧңң棬ƨƨߵܻ
ӣҷ£
ҶСֱͦͦرڿУֶֻֻ̧ܿЦŶ˵Ҳ֪仰ǿңңܹһЦŰ¡
ңңǰһԾֻβƵҶС죬ҶС׼ȷһѽס˻СңңЦţ§ҶСĲӻϲصС磬ô뿪ôѽɽץ𣿡
ɽ
ҶСһ漴𵱳⸰Ͼʱңң˶˵Լ˽ɽ˷ȥˡҶСϵǵȻСʲô˲־͸
첮ļѵشӵŶӣҶСҶС죬ô󵨣㾹ŹϹ٣
٤̯ڵϣ첮ҪԼ߹ȥһѾͱסĴȣصةˣְְ߹Ǻˡ

첮Ѿˣ첮һ߳ȥ٤˴٤ҽһͳһֻϺӡ첮ֻŭݵشŴһһҶСƽ
ҶС챧ңңһ޹صةˣʩŹ¹٣ɲܷҧһڰ
Ҵ㣿Ҵ㣿Ҵҡұˤȥ
ˣûﲻةܲڸҵɣ˵ˤӣҼֻ˳˿ŷ߶֡ǿûǵģأةܲһʶɣѲɹҧ㣬ͷҧȥ
㡭㡭
첮ָҶС죬ͷԷ裬ţĿϹٵĻ쵰ץ
ҶСץҶСҲǹٺðɣ˺ץץ֮ô죿ⲻĹ٣¶ֲܰͽ㶼ǵл·
ЩҲɵ˭Ҷ֣㲻ҶСͷƵľԳҲҶְɴһ˻ҳֵܴȴȰĴ֣һѾס첮ĵӣٵԼǰ
𡫡
һ籡˳첮뷢ƤӶΪҵһ塣Ѫڣ첮ĿؿǾ޿еСͷ񱩷еķһ㼱ػš
ӣ£ةˣ񣬲ģ
ҶСһ˵ţһŷֵƣҶСĻӿӵģ㬵ذ첮˦һߣ첮˼ͽһѷס
ʱһСѾӺԺ˳СѾǰͬҶСԻǸõŷ˷ԸϸϻԺſڣҶСѾȥæֻȥŷ˸
ŷһͼˣϽ׷СѾ˶δҶС죬ôظˣߵһ°˵ҵǰԺÿͥԺеֳ档
һʮ˾ۼͥԺУⳡɲСѾЩӵؿСҶҶˡүҶ˵
ŷ˸˵ʣ˵ݻҶС죬δⲻףѾô˵ҶС֪شѾˣ
СѾڰصǡǰүոջ
ҶСĵôɣҲ뿪ͻˣλ̫үû뿪ðɣողңָı⣬ȴΪΣ
ҶСţȴǲɫתһÿ̫üϵͥԺſڡ̫úչɽҶҶСϢңңһ˵Ͽεңңϲëһ˳̫÷Ĳ£β
ҶСңңСƨɣңңȸݽؼȥҪȥˣһͻȥ
ţ
ңңȻոռҶС죬ĲᣬȴҲ֪Сµʱǲܴŵģæɵصͷ
ҶСңң£߹ǣС֣ҶСةˣ¹֪Ҷĳ˳ۣ֮ǵڣͷٷ˵٣¹ٸոջȥˣǡ
ҶС첮Ĺ˹֣תߡ첮Ĵվס㲻ҪߣʲôȥҶСȫǷƨͷһ£ô棬ǲˡ
ҶСǿƵ̬ǺбҪģ󲿷Ա۶Ͷ첮£ⷬٶҲЩ˾֮ǰǿƣµһ¾վ˭ɽͷǾ̬δǰֹҶСҲǴΪġ
첮ļҶСߵʵ˵ʲôҪʲôȥ
ĴɤöЩʶز˲ͷĵҺôʲôб³ҶС췢ȴ¶һ㲻ͷæةˣ֪ش˴Ҷʷء
ʲô˵ʲô
첮ļĶ¡¡죬ƺͷԳڶ߻صţ˵ʲôةǳǱͷԳʱʧˡ
ЦָָԼĶ䣬첮ĴˣʱʧˣǲҸпʲô󻼣
첮Ļ˵ʲôǿƴҲ˼첮תĹˣһĿ⣬ϻرܵصͷȥ
ǵδǾһ£ϾͶҡ׷첮ĵľģ첮ͬҶСٶĵһ棬ŪǱȴǲʵҶСЦŭȻ첮ļֱȫơ
첮·磬ȻҲ޹⣬ǲ첮Ķӣǲ첮ĿеʧͬʱҲǲ첮ľѿֻرܣѾ첮޵ˡ
첮ĬȻƬ̣ȻȥС
ѾˣٴʱҲˣٺޣҲֻʱرܡȻô죿˵ҶСҵĳˣ¶ᶼûᰡܸ浽˭Ƕֻܱһ־硣
ҶС챻ſڣСѾվסŲҶСҶˣү㡣
ҶСЦͷˣһգʰǽסսţͼһӰзƮҡ̬֮޷֮ˡԼģǡǽͷһ֦ҩ


09 
ҶСһȵıӰˣδ̫⣬ǰҲŷˡһȴδ磬Щ죬æվסŲһ
ŷ˫ǰԽƣһȣæŤͷһʱֳȻ֮ɫϲõصҶʷ㣡ллأȻȻˡ
ҶСһ񣬹¹ҶС죬ˡȴ֪˺ڣ
ŷæҶʷ裡
ҶС΢һɣлŷλˣ׾ȥ̽δѾǲȥӭˡ
ҶСǷ̫ˣڣְЩʱҲǿԵģͶҴء
ŷ˵ģġԴҶʷͽ꣬ҷ޶ҹвҶʷƽʵĪϲ¡Ҷʷ˴ίˣ׾ȴȫάȻ֣ʲô
ҶСĵŷ˵һࡣǻ֪һˣҲڹ¾սֻܰһռݵӡ
ʱҶСϸŷһۣǰǰҲŷ˼ˣѭ˽һ׮˾ܵ򸾵룬ڣŷ˶δֻǾλģ鶯ˡ
ʱֻˣϸشŷһۣһɫıȼף²ɣ䲻ݻȴҲţһʩۣ֬Ө۰ףէһǲ˫ʮ껪ףǳͿ
Ů㿡ΣٸǱģŷ˷ķ·һöӣˮ֮֮ʱۣͬϹŵһѰˣֳٸķƴӹ߳ƵĲΡ
ҶС찵ϧһ使ƫƫһţϣǺôһȡ
ת룺˵УӨӨҲһʻţϰɣֻ֪ǸʲôΣ˵Ѿĸһ֮£ܽҲϣ⣬ˣԸ岻ٸǵĽѡ
ŷ˿ڲ裬˼ôҶС⣬˼ɿһתҪʾ֮ԳϣĪ翪ϲ⣬˫һȴҶС춨ؿƺ˼
΢΢һȣа㳣Ҷʷ˾ˣôҿġҶСĳҲȻˣ˱ͲԳġ
ŷǣ΢΢бҶС죬һҶʷ
ʲô
ҶС춯˶΢΢Щ㯡
첻µز£鳡һٵĴۣŪɹʼ˼룺᲻Ҹ̩ɽİֲϣ񷸳尡û̩ɽԸ̩ˮΪǡ
Ȼŷ˻ҶС켱æ̧ȴһ˿δӦãȻ
ŷ֪òƾݣ˸Ҷ޼ɵֳͣ¶겻ģҶС޼ɵ˵ǲ֪εʵټ
ŷѮȻòȴҲ֪ഺ껪ȥλҶʷʮͷܻܵСż꣬ȴΪߵȴҲⲻЩСС㡣
ȻҲҶСξĿйأвṵ̂ռеֻǶò˱ܵͣа֮ŷ˲УֻЩȺֺЦ
մɷԼҶС죬дҪ̸ɲΪССŷ΢ɫҶʷĲɣΪصأ˷ǣģģǣ
ҶСһ仰ܸоŷ˲ֻǴɷ氲ոջתص£ӦûĿġҶСȻרעʵ¹ȥһ£д˸оΪ棬˾ںأȴҲĺ˷ô

㬵ڽţγһԷյĿռ䣬ҲֻĻܷһαװչʾԼ顣
ϹңΪڲˣߣҲ͢ϢΪݱ֮⣡첮ģٲȻǵڶΨˣΨҪľɫ£ΨҪ裡
ԽԽҧгݣԹ֮ɫԱȥ̽Ǽ̽壬뻺һ˫Ĺϵ첮ĵĲƣϣֹ첮˳ĶȨΪ
ϺԻİʾһζͿڻ粻òѻʱ򣬸Ǻػؾʵʵһ̥
ʱ뵽Ƿ绹Ǿϻģ˵ĺ㻨Ȼ˳һεĿΣҲںһΣܲΪһӡֹȥô
˵ǰεةԼεةĽذ֪ش˴һУأԻ֪صסزӣ㶥໹͵жλߵΣһలµĺá
˵˵Ĳôֱףﻹί˼˼ʱ˵ĻࡣǻвڣںϾ㵽ͷˣ˭ϣԼΪһأ߶޴ڸУ
οᣬǽʿ泯͢⡰ء֮ôãЩͣеɼһǰ̣ѵһΪȻԴ˺أͱҲá
Ψˣòײֽţһ첮ˣұΨҰҲΨٶȱǲ첮ĶĶ
ǰЩʥƺȫòϣʵ̫ȱ˽⣬鲻㣬ÿÿ첮еȨõκ⣬ǵһл֮ʱܿͷֲܿˡ
Ȩڳ͢κ¶벻ˣûˣȨ޴ʩչȴһı첮ˣͷһ¼ҹˣӣ̶ֳȣҲֻˡοֻһ֪ء
첮ġ뵽һְܿյĸ֣гʹޣǡʲô취أ
Ȼؿϣ۾ţ֪ҶСˣҲǰȥ̽Ҫһ̣ϳɳأȻῼǵҶСǡ
ĻĶ߻ˣýʱյĺأȻҶСˣʲôΪأΪֻ칬ĺӣǺǣǺӣѵӵóģˣάĿǰľ棬ÿ˶ãأ
ÿ˶ãÿ˶á罥λϣֻ
үǻظˡ
ȻһشӦһͻȻ뵽ʲôϽһͦʵǵǰðɣ
˴ǵģүߵǺŶ
˿޵ţͺãġ
ƿһǽŽӲΡΡ̧úš


10 練
ϣҶСŷ˵ţн¶һĨȤ飬ŷ˲仯һ٣ôҶʷƺòΪȻ
ҶСҡҡͷҲ˵˼СסҶĳ첮ĵĹǽᶨˣзɻڴһ죬Ҷĳܹĳ裬ԣҶĳͷ֪شء
ҶС쵭һЦ֪شӦûʲôԲűΪǺصոոԳ͢Ҳشų͢ѡѡʱҲ˼ǰܹѡлˣԻδһͿ
ںش򿪾棬ضܵ͢أǰƽϧһ꣬ʱⶼһȨǸˡ֪شǰҲ͵Ϊֹˡһ˵ҶĳͻŹͬ͵ˡ
ŷ΢΢һЦ㵹ֱף˵ȫΡ˾ϲֱֱȥ˵ò׾ŹͬĵˣȫԳΪᶨѡ
ҶС̾˿ŷ˵Ļˣ¹ٺͻŹͬĵ˲٣¹뻨ܳΪᶨô
ŷ˷һȣ׾ҺǸӣСۡ
ҶСɫˣκεȶӣҸ첮ֱϣŹңΣⶼֻһֿܣδػΪʵ
ͬ첮Ķף񲻵첮ĳ֣ǻ˺أҵʤ˵ǼСһʧܣӵеһжʧȥ
ԣҪ֪شҲǲԣҪ֪شŵκ²ܶҡȫ֧¹ٲС֪ش˼ǷӣǧܸɳӵҶĳɾ֮ˡ
ҶСⷬŷ˵Ϻһһģû취ҶС췢ΪҶС˵Ķʵ飬ɷǵӱˣҶСָ޵ݣʲô˵
ҶСҪ֪ش˵ŵ
ŷѿ˵ͷȻ׾ʵҲ
˵СѾ˿ϲ̵ˣүˡ
ŷ˴ϲվæ죡үҶʷ

Ҷʷܿˡ
һҶС죬ȷʵеԵĺܸˡΣҶСڣͲǹ¼ҹˡմǶʵڲߣЦҲЩǿ
̸ܿϣ¹ȥоաǴɫðЩô
ҶСѱϣ˳ֵϡЦǰҲˣЩ󵨵Ѿţʱٵôõˡף
˵˳ַҶСĸдȷҶСκصʷֻǡǹٸԭְǵΡκصʷϸؿ˿ȻҶС񲿻ͬݴʹݵκصʷġ
о棬ϱ߿˿ҶС쾹Ȼ١̲ƹ̡һְô̲ƹǸʲôĹˣû˵ôְ
һְޣǾﲻѣҶСȻְֻһ죬ְ̲죬֮ڣ̡߱ʵǿδš
羪ȵضҶСҶʷ㡭ôϾιְˣ֮ڻ̡š
һ⻰ŷҲǴгԾסڣ˫ҶС죬鼫ġ
ҶСЦ˵¹ٵϾʷ꾩Ƿʣ¹پڽʱȺϱϢƽ¹ٵ²˹˼¹ٱͷˣȴϾֻϾȲ˱ȴҲǲԻĻ֮أǵڣ¹ܴϰߣԼȥ˼¹ٲͣͰ¹ٴ˻
ҶС˵ļ򵥣ʵ̫棬ŷ˶֪֮߱Ƕô˼һ¡
˵ҶСϾְ˵͸ЦˣΪٸҿô㵱鶼еû¸ˣйȥһְС٣ϾˣͳʣϾߣҪ˵ҶС촵ţȴһ㲻١
޶˶һۣǲ׽ҶСϾЩʲôôľȻѯµʱΪҶСѾȿ˿ڡ
ҶСˣ˵ǰ£¹ٻʱȷʵˡǰߵУЩߵļѱ¹Ȱأ֮أų͢Źٸôȥ¹ѾӦǣ֮ڣضһ»óһ취
⻹һЩǳûµƤЩûѰƵˣѾ¹ٹؽˣЩ񣬲ǵɫٸУҲ۵󣿡
ɫʲôЩƤؽˣˣҶʷ㴳˴ˣϽǷˣ
ҶС첻ΪȻصˣͰ켸Ƥʲôף
ŵصȻףزסҶʷջֻ֪Σ㵱پͲǡôʵͶѽЩƤʹģ
ץǣֻͷͻ˵·ɿ۷ǰչ£һӰ䣬ǰս˳ãһʧҾͳҪøɱͷ³
ҶС׻ΪζЩƤ޲ߣһӡ㱻첮ĳԵģҲƤˣԭǵļصĺ
ҶСɿ۷£Щ۷Ǳغɽ񡣱ɽ͡Ϊڸկ¹ֻ֪λկһն˵ЩһϽһѲ˾Ѳ˾¹ҲȥкֻʣϽЩգǸ¡
ҶСһЦֻʣôһСˣƲʲôˣ£ǵķΣǵƣǶñص̫үʲôˣ
类һѣʱͷһ԰ƾҶС͸կկĽ飬ĵ尲ûʲôѶȣֻҪ岻ɽҲѲ˾ٳֹҾӦ첮ĿֱӿƵЩ˾Ͳˣ²ɡ
뵽羫˷ܵصһűضյѱӭжˡҶʷˮҲ
ҶС΢΢˳飬ĵǰҵô뵱ҲаˤӣӶðҪһζͷڹ꣬ҿɰﲻ㡣˵ãҵÿϿ㣬˵һ£õڶ£ǲкĿܣҾͰԼİ취ɣʱ꼰㣬ҶСҲˡ
뵽ҶС˹ֹ۷£ֻӣ¹ٳܽʲôΪ£׮ص£ǵôܰˡ
һֽص֪Ҷʷԣʲô£


11 Ȱ塱
ҶСһҲǵ֮ǰЩߵļٸվҪһģ¹ٿǴӦǣ֮ڸǽſ뿪ġ
һ⻰üͷ̾һصҶʷûǮš
ҶСһҪüͷһ壬ˣ˾ٹغ򱳣㼷ŲҲȰ½ˣʨӴ󿪿ڵȻǲеģǱҪĸϲ١
֧֧ص֪вةУءطȫޡةҪǮ뻢ıʳ
ҶСסˣ˿磬ֿ˿ŷˣŷҶСĿһ㴹Ľë΢΢ţ¶һĨɬζ
ҶСиһĨԤУ֪ءύȨ˳װɣ
ڨڨؽҶʷսһʱҪͨ䡣ةԸ³е·ΡؾãةΪظ֣浣ҲȻ
ǱسеΣȻҲûʲôףֻةһг⣬˾ظǰСºΪ֮´Ȩ⣬ֻӦˡ
˭ϣةµ֮Ȩ֮ҪֲرʣةȴԱ·ͨΪȣʱҲһ˶٣Ҫȷ·ͨءֻԴΪء
ҶС˰һ٣ҪȨȨͲȨȨˣ˼ҲռȵŹ֪֡ػǴΣΪεĵ䷶ƷǼƷţ
ҶСûʵ¹˵Ⱥ飬ȴ֪˿˵ˮĹ£
һҶʷ˵ĿŶĵʣ
ҶС췭˸۶ˮΪɣ𽥿Ͳռܿ˴ۣλڼҰŲ֮Ұ
ϸһĨյĺΣǶҰʷţʷ伮Ϊš
ҶСصظҰʷ¡ʥԣ
ۼִ£æڵүҶʷԲ߼ҾҪԸġڸĿõ渶֮Ҫ취үĲȨȨû
ҶС쿴ŷˣЩ졢Щ壬ʲôǮ渶֪ض쵽ݶˣ˵ǮҲû٣ŷܶõֻļױ
Ů˵ļױͣҺɷȨõģŮ˽Ǯ޺һҪϣԼĴǡú޺ޣȢ֦ȻȢһλôͻݵĺӡ
֪Ǹмضŷ˵ˣ޷ܣˡ
ŷֵޱӦĭ빲үα˵Ļ
ҶС޵˵ļǣܳǮȰ߼ҲͶ۷ǵġǮٻ˾ǡ¹غ򱳣ܲ졣ڶ£ֻҪˣԣ˳ûظյȨͲȨˣ
羫һæҶʷкƣ뽲
ҶСԹصҪԭ򲢲Ϊ·̮ɽ·գż¹⣬Ϊ˿·Ͳ֪˶ˣ·Ҳˣǰս½·άƵ۷궼󣬳¹ʸѰ
ǷŭǣΪƱң۷ѡЩ˷۳˽þķ۴еȴ˹ȥһֱеشڼСȻ˵۷ѡ뷢¹֮䲢ûֱӹϵǲҪ֮е߼ܹǵȥ⡣ԶصˣҪϳͣƽϢߡ
ɫôҶʷ˼ǣ
ҶСɫһ䣬ȫҪܵʹٷٺ꣡Ϊ˾ƴϣְ񡣶ܻƵҪ˾ŵС
˵ʱ֪صɫѿ֮һУľҶСȴں۷˲ة֪֪飿ֻܰṩĲˣ̫࣬Щѡ۷Ǳ·ʱةߣ
߹ˣةȲӳҲʱ󣬼¹ʣȴһԶڴϣةѴ̣ʱһҲҪ̡оǴԼˡ
ɬ˿ĭôˣ
ҶСΪһӡϽڳЩ⣬ȻҲѴ̡Ӧ͢ͬʱΪ˽·ˣ
ŷüɫ裬˷ܵ޵ѽһ򣬼ة磬ְȨͲȨץУһʯ񣬵ƣ
ŷ˷ܵؿ֪أһ֪صɫһ֪ȫްϲɫһģֵصүǾʲôף
֪ɫصҶʷ飬ͽ仧һӦ˵ԭ޲ɡֵֻ֮ʣǻһ˵ΪԹߣӰ쵽۷ĵֻӰѽ
ҶС첻ͷüͷôģǰǺ»ⶼɹ¼ҹˣڿڿΪأһΪʧȥȨҶС䲻ΪȻҲƷ⻨ڹǿķǣ˵˾¡
绹ںؽͣߣƴ·ѷ֮λ˾ģҲֲеְδЩ˵ȥةôͬţӦ°һͷ֪ҺعͣԽδʲô¡
ҶС찴Ͳסˣһζʩֻ˾ôۡʱʩ֮ԶҪʩʩ֮һĶѣھǴ˸ʱˡ
ƴϣҪĲʲôʱŵĻ˾βƽϢԹߣѲǻҪ׷һЩ˭ƣһһ׷Σ
˵ȥѾɿݹǵةҪǻҪķذڳǸﲻɣǰλ˾ѾΪ±ְٴԳʹҪһ̬ȣ˾ίƴϣƽ˾֮𸴱ǡ
ҶСȥֻ룺ߣ˵컨׹Ϊƴϸ첮ģƣȴñĶƣΪá
ҶСԲ֪˿뷨ֵͬʲô˺ة֮䣬ǷͬŵĽô¹ھʱ˵һʡܶѲ໥͢ȴûͬŲϣԽֻ̣һΪˣǸҩʱˡ
ҡͷ˾̫ˣ̫ˣ˵ͼ֮
ҶС콥Щջ𣬼ˣͷ¾ηӣߣȨȨ첮ƿ֮У˲ô˻ֶΣûرڴȨʱ
飬ҶСԣϳͰ첮ĵˣûԼȨֹ˼ɻһ˵ȵķӦ첮ĺ˵ķˣµ첮ĺ֮ҲȻ鵯ʱܻ˾²ӡ뷨հǰ˺ʼԾϡ
ۼɷԥԥּ̲סߴٵүҶʷеϲϣҡǸֶΣҷʱˣ
緳ص֮֮£㲻Ҫʡ
޺޵£
ҶС״Ц˰ɣҸıߡҼ廢ϽҲɣ¹¶ëȣץɰìಲ󣬿Ȣ˵ʱܲҪ¹붴ɣ
ҶСʣ˵ıߡ壬ҶʱҲҪվ̨ǰǴƽʱֻ޿ģҪʱҲˡ
ȻҶСⷬڿĻŷһ˵䲻ŷ˶ʲôȴҲ߾ŷҶСһۣ΢ȣ֬ĽϱͿһĨ֬͸죬ˡ


12 ¶
ҶСڿĻסһ죬ɼ²˾ģֻҡͷ󣬱ػú˼һźöᡣҶʷոչһ·࣬ȻظЪϢɡ
ҶСʧһ̯ǽడˣֻзǱָˣһǰԼİ취ɡҶСҲ˵վعһ֣ߡ
ҶСת֮ʣĿŷƳһۣв޳֮⣺Ƿ̫ү٣ǡʸ̸ô
ŷصͷҶСǰ̧ͷǰҶС£˵ʱֻ޵ݡ๫㣬ʲôʸ£˼Ϊأ๫и̫үݻôһüֵ˼Ҹ˷ѹĹȰ
ˡ
ҶСȥҲڨڨЩ˼ûһظ˵仰ѿĳ˳ȥŷȴ溮վתլȥĻ
һһģ֮Ȼһӣŭصͺֻͼʹ죬֪صĿദһǾнˣܲأ
ҶС쿴ŮҲиŭһɨϵĲ豭ɨ˵ϣ豭ʱˤ÷顣СѾжŽżһۣүڷŵ⣬һ̶ˡ
Żص뷿֮Уʼƽϣ˵ıŷ·ɽƵãͦվ
ƻƵű߶ſվˣ
ŷ˵ȥѰһ¾үڣң
Ӧһ˳ȥŷصǾʮ꺮һڣܾܲôNС˻Ĵǰ̣

ҶСôãҶƵ˵ľֻʣһңңˡңңֻһСӣ£һ˼Һ׳ֶūֻ˾Ʋ֮زز
ҶдæտţڸҶСӣ⸮ǿɶܹҶСݵưգȻҶС컹ûʽΪܼңʵѾҶĻˣټϵӰҶѡӶ֪֪ס׵˼ӵܣҶҶС뿪ڼľ˿ûΪ˲ھͻҲ
ҶСصһʣҲȻ
ҶС֪ҶСëʵǱٸץ˵ģֻǲҶңңŶѡ¿һˣòһϲˣƫƫֳ£ҶС˽ﲻ֪˶ᣬ˹ġ
ۼëǰȫҶСӿҲ˲ˣһ̣ҶСĻϲ˵ĻһѱýģһʧƵġ
ëǱҶСôһ˵ʱˡһСڻУصϣζĿУëͬһӵ޻
ӵһԱûб˵ģȴʱǡҲӭһĻٲҪȡЦһëƤȳǽ˿ֻǻϲĺٺɵЦ
ҶСӵǻָŮҵӣȴĴָʳָסëǵһǣĵǣţҲ֡ҵ˱ǶȡЦҲں˵Цˣһ٣ƺҲࡣ
ҶСѲһȦþдпοѸ˾ټͥǰҲڵЩʱգǰѸãүҺϲ𣬱լܼңҶСΪլˡ
ӶˣٲҪҶСӹϲһҶСֲһ뿪˶ãȫ˵ȶ˫нˮ¾֣첹ȥ
ﱾҶС޴ģ޴ҶӶ˶Щͨ˼ҵӵܣûһ˼ҵѬպѵӭǹضˣɴҶˡ
ԭӣԼҲ飬֪񣬼ʶ֮ͨղͬնһλ£̸ЩȻӦ֡
ЦشӦҶӹúģıܴ㲵úܣһöɱ˵ӺˮݣɫնָٸӦеķɣձʱ͸ˡ
ԭ޸ŲʹרΪ޴𻨸⡣ǼƽﻹԼҹԴǰ첮ĻصةٲҪָָ۷׷ס
ʱھǻסһͨ̾̾ϧûǺøùٷˡȻЩ˲ûж⣬ܵЩ߶Ҳѿĺܡ
Ҷȴ°ҶС졢̫úңңҲû˺Щ飬ˮɡɡʣܾöûĸоˣﵱԼļҡ
ҶСշԸ꣬ԶһֽУҵţ࣡డ
һҶСоһϲѭԶһͼһֻԲŹ޶衣һһͷĺһķ⡭
࣡
ҶС̨ԾȥɱֻԲ˸ӵడС겻ôˡ
üЦĲ°͵ĿֵҳԵĺã˯úãϣȻ㲻֪ڵж𣬸˶˵һҾ;һ࣡һ࣬⣬̤ʵ
ҶСôȥôãһ㲻ģȻԵ£˯úã
޴Ȼģһ£ɽͻºʲôõĵģ
ҶСЦã̾ĻҶ֪ô͡
޴üŪ۵ص磬浱ҲŲţϾôҵ˶֪㶼Щʲôٺ٣ˣҶջסɣ¶Ҷһ
չصСҶջסô֪
ҶСһ⺻ôʲô֪¶ɲ˵ưһ֪ǿ֮ҶСϽ˵˵ҼʱҶջסŶ˵ӨӨһҶջסɡ
ҶСһ˵һ߳޴༷۾޴ʱһҶջѾչˣҶСϢЩɳȥ·Ͼ̶ӣҿջˡ
֪ҶС̫סҶջģҾסʱ䲻ʱ޴໹ȡЦһҶС죬һҶСôţж񼡣ȷʲô˼˵ģĪǡĪչСҲбȽĹϵ
޴࿴չֿ̫ãͻȻʶʲô֮⣺ģŹģƨɵ»Ҫ״ӣǴ簡


13 ŮҲ
ﴧţȴһҲû󣬸ϽѷԲԴ˵㣬һصԶԶԣҾǴӨӨסҶջΪҲסôûסͬһطô
ҶС찵˿ҺֵȻֵͷ۶ȴˣҶСЦеشϾһֱסڹְȥ˻ͬݣɲڿջס
ҶС´ððʧʧ˵ʲôæ࣬ãȥ鷿˽һ·ϵ顣
ȻãߣѽɣԵƬ̣ӻں棬ôˡ
޴ͷתȥͼߵԺſڣԶµ޴࣬ͷһˣƵô죬ɴҶˡ
޴ϽЦӭȥסããҵıŪˣССɲҲŲˣ
ûһƣð㣬ԭֻںССࡣ
޴ЦںССҲںٺ٣ںں
ҶСһʼ޴˵ޡʱû⣬СûŶģ˵Ͳף˵ӡʱҶСʶЩԾûüʣ椾͵ˡ
椺޴ⷬԻҶС첻־ϲæôѾˣѾ˺ӣ
΢΢ЩɬЩϲҶСǳǳһ񣬵Ҷá
úúãӲ㣬ͲҪˡҶСעؿһۣ椵ȷʵǰô񻣬С
ҶСϧض޴ȻѾˣϧϧǵĻ£ҾȻûлμӡ
޴󣺡ôܣ˵Ҳںɲ١ٺ٣Һ椻ûأҵͬ⣬Ѿɨسˣҵɶʱˣپл񣬵ʱһˡ
ҶСΪ֮Ȼ㡭ǻûף
޴ʲô˷޾סһе˺üӲžٰ񣬸ߣϰʮˣųء
ҶС쵹֪޴椱ϾˣҶСڱˣʶ뷨ǴСھɵģʵھЩ졣
ҶСչ̫õݣ椵ţҺʹлҪ˵
̫õͷӦ߿һߣ̫һĽڿ椣ԴЩϸĻС΢΢Щ¡
̫ԼĶƤƽƽģʲôʱԼ¡ΪСһСһ뵽ԼĶһҲһСһС⣬ݾոһ׾ƣˣҲˡ
ҶС޴鷿ҵСѾͷǶ裬ҶСЦʵֵúܽô
޴˵ҶСֵ֪úܲ죬ɳȳ׺õ
޴ֹɣŴӲ֪ΪνصǰϵҺ˵ģּҵСףͲӡҾ˵ҪǲϱҾͲ
ҶСĿȻأ
޴ƤЦصȻҾͱҵ߳˰
ҶСԼĶͷλֵ̫Գ⣬ҶС챾ĽĲپʾһеοȰ⣬ǿ޴⸱˸߲ҵӣòҲҪʲôοϲԼڵ
ҶС㷽˵ɨسţȴû·
ҶС쿴ٴʹӾͷ͸öľԴ˻һ߳ɹĿܣҪȻôʹͷ෽ԣ÷Ȼ⡣
޴صȻҵһӣҵĲ·Ͳ°Ҷ˺ô
ҶСЦصĳôˣ
޴ǱߣҺܳʱûˣǰЩӺҵֵʵе㽩Ƕʱӻ߶ǿ椳ţǱҾͽΰˣСǿϣ·ģǷ죬мҲţû¶
ҶСĿһ첮ûҹǵĲ
޴ϵЦȵ˵Ĳ裬һؼôܲңڳŲȥˣͶةлͶةòûֱӲ·ǱΪ飬ȻҲͳлĺ̨
ڱةôة·ܣȻлةة˾·εıϣҲ˻˺ܶô
ҶС۾أ
ЦЦã첮Ҳֵ֪ܣԵľңҸɴ಻¶ˣϵ£ͽĺȥһûУţˣ㶵һѺ֣иկɽ֪˳첮ĵû̫Ϊǡ
첮ĺةǾܵԼṩǾʲôˣд䣬·ʵͣǵĳ׬ⷽ棬ǾͲˡ
ҪΰѻˣǲٳɫĳʽĻͥˣв뿪ǳС磬˾ͺˣǰսδϢֻҪǼʱץסᣬл³Ϊ·ϵͷϴ󣡡
ţ
ҶСᶨص˵ͷûж˵ʲôĿǰαĻҪһЩҲһЩЩིܸЩ£Ȼ쵼ߣͱȥܣҪ㹻ġ
ҶСߵǰƿӣʱϼ죬ȴǦܲƶʪƺһҪˡǦܲյʹɽѹֵЩ͸ҶСصǦƣȴȻЦˡ
ǧͷΣΣҪȥһһӦԣֻץסһ㣬乥ƣԵĵȫܣֻҵһ㡢ץסһ㣬׻ơ

һ㡢һ㡢һ㡭
һſ£Ҷʪ˻úɻеһȦȦܵ׷£ɻѾεˮ桢ˮΣһҵˮ硣
ͬǳĻأȻǷǳʺϽƽģ֪ص꣬ǽԽϣԽСǾһ̳Ͼ¶ǣһ̱ϣϹһ˿ɵɵЦݣֻɡȻ
ſ˰Ļϴ齣Ǻñӣվ齱ĬĬվãһ̾ת˳š
£һյڷƮҡš
վһˣһ£ﻹһվƹӳ˵ñϣӰڵϣų΢΢̧ͷӰƣӳգѭ졣
㣬꣬ǲǸ١
ŵðǰ񲻸Գ⣿
ѭû˵ˣֻĬĬصݹȥŴ£毺õξ֮£ͷʱѾǸŮҡ
ŵ߰ɣʯףѭվ£ĬĬؿŽıӰֻ׿˿յķţ̾һ첽׷ȥһ˫ӰܿûС


14 ҹȥ͵
ҶСջغؾӭһꡣʱ˵йУӭǼү˵Գз飬Ϊ黤ء
ҶС˱ЩԳ롢飬Щʶ˺ܷḻ롣һ·ʵҲȣ鰮ζʳ֪ζִ˲ƣ룬顣
뵽ҶС˲ݽԲͦʮһѣݻһ۾ˮģСϲϲһʱӶˡ
ҶСޣҵˣǸĻʵĺù
ʵҶСǰԺļֲδؾܳɹ֪¶ͬͬˣİղŴЩҪ̫˵ֶΣش֣ϧ֪̫ҶСֻܹ¾սˡ
ҶС첢δ磬ѰһƽĻ֪ȴǽȻͬģԵɣȴΪҶС컹һصݣһ̯Ӳʰһ֮ҪĻΪ顣
ǣҶСӣν벻ߣɲֻ˵˵ѡǲ֪ĿǰϾӦҲˣûҪΪ˳̾跹˼
ҶСѰ֮ҹעҪ¶ĥղҶССѾͷңңһҶС첻ţֻҶСһˣȻܣҲ
ҶС첻СʧֻͻԷָԼڽʱĹ£ԼŽƵӨӨڷڽϿյ龰Ϊ¾ʣңң˷ܲѣ˯ˡ
ҶСΣֻʹռУҶСװˣǷͷ˯ңң˯ˡɵӸϣ̺ԼСӣ˯¡
ҶСװһſ۾ңңѾ˯ˣϻ΢ЦҶСһЦСִԼŵ˵أҴñǣ˳ȥ
ºɱҹɻʱѽ
ҶСһ߳ţ棬һƬҶСʱһק˾ģ̫õľӴǱȥ
һ·ȥܺͻȣʮһյƣߵҶСŵвԶԱߺȻһ֨ѽһ죬һԲĴͷ˳
Ǹ޶ʹӵľӴʱСҰˣɽﲻʱȴסҶңңԼԺ䴦ڳһ䷿ӣȻȫޣʤڹ
޶û˯ᵽҶСϢ̽ͷ̽ԵһȻҶСˣʱȸԾϻһȻӤһĽ
ꡫ
ҶСϽָڴһơ޶˻ˣԼƵ˼ûٽУȴҶСתȦԴϹȥ
ҶС޿κΣֻͷ޶˷ܾȥˣȻ˵صȥȥ˯ȥȥ
ҶСŸ޶ƨɣòװƽȥˣһҶСĶʱ˷ܵ˳
ҶСԴӾͲԸ޶ǰСƵˣӵ̱ȸ޶ЩҶСƣ׹ſһתѸ˶Ĵƨɾöסſڡ
ҶСƨɾһţͺȵȥȥȥʵ˯ȥҵ͵ƣ
һţõֱȽȰдãϵػ˷䣬޶ҫȥˡҶС˿ͷ¾ĵģ˷ϢȻڸЩҶС조ٺ١һЦŽżǰȥ
ݵסΪѾסҶССһЩһƷţűؿˣҶСһϲٺ٣ݹȻԺƨɵ֮İŰɣ
ҶС˳ǱȥںãڷһյС͵ƣоѹüֻͣжһ΢⣬Ͽ糺Ѿһˡ
ݵûΪˣѾ˯ˡҶС䲻̽ݣںȼһŻΰסҶС߹ȥһ֣ͼһϮڲ˯ͷѾſưϡ
ҶС΢΢һЦ£̽ӣԵ¡һѡַӯеԣΪݴСɽﳤ󣬷ɽԽ롢֦ϰˣɼ֮ҶСһ󣬾;Ửķһץסʱ˷Ӧ
ҶСᴭϢƿȥݱץһѣָо˱ӣתҶС조ԡһЦѺһֻǰ̽ȥͱȥ
Ҫݵ㴽ҶСȻ˫۾Щԣʱһ˫۾ҲصɴʵȻҶСŲӣſӣȻǡ
ҶСֱˢһ¾ˣڡݡǰҲ˵Ƶѹָղžáݵغһ˫۵룬һÿգһƺӼͦһָֻץԭݡ
ϰ֮ˣǽˣҲ˱ӣûͷѪĽģûɽ䱸ģ˯ܳοҶСĸۡ͸ûˡ
˯㣬ԺظоһѣѹҲû¶ֻݻˣΪǰҶһֱݹŵģȻ˵ôһۡɻ˾ǻˣɲԽҶС̫ȥ㱨⼸еĿ֧չţȴû
һҶС죬־ߣʶһݸЦҶС͵Ϯû뵽ҶС쾹Ȼô󵨣ҹؾ˹ǲ֪ôģ֮⣬ȴûʲôŭ⣬ЩҺϲá
߾صС磬㡭ôˣ
ҶСص㰡һ·ҲûȣһʱԿأ͡ˣ
ĵʱҶСѵöôԳĻŭţôˣҶСȻֻǺ˵黰ô򵥣һ뵽Ҫ£һ뺷ʱҲֻ£û˿׼ء
ץǣӵصС磬ǡûأӡ̫ðɡ˵ȥʣ˵һͻˡ
˵žܾĻȴһҲҶСֻҪټһͻˣûףݻزʱĻῼôࡣ
ҶСҾǼȥĹģôҪסô
ҶС˵ţϰһ亹ллأӷҿҳ侲ݲȣҪǾʧʧ˵߶˷ϴ˴Ҫ߳ŭչһŸˣ
ߴشͷоҶСԼһȻ·ϵĴ̼У̲סؽֱñһǡѽǱ޽ԡһЩ˼ҷһ˯ˣͽסˡҪȻҪȻ
ҶСļңֻԼסҶСģû뵽ҶСҹ͵ȻЩӺ£ǲܾ̾οйŮͬһҲԣڴˡ
չҶС죬ݽסˣֻԼطǸδĴִ˵ĻҲͰˣ˵óڡ
ʱһ˸ϵҶǰϵ޻ڷߵˡ


15 ¶ĥ
̫һʼģʽ֧žͲͷˣĻ˼ɽŮӣЩ붮ģͺãͲ˵
ôɣҶûɣǹ㸺ģүΣūڹ£ūҿɲˡ
̫һЦûϵЩ¶žͺãֻҪĿͳˡȴ룺˼ұͲЩ˽˵˼æŸСأйЩ
̫ȴû뵽ҶСʱѾĹ뷿ʵʩ˴ء̫øûʱҶСһѵĺ壬ֻСڸȡ
һ·˲һ͵һ¶ˣֻҶСʼʩء
˵ڴ̫֮ҲԣһոŵĻǶ䣬¶Ļ٣вܹᵽ鰮ļζϲҶСһΪϲˣϲҶСܵ£ΪϲҶС谮еĸоҡܻСǣ
֮ǵ¶ΪɬӸձֻܹᵽõĿУȴһ˵ζƺƺܡ
Զ˷Ƹ֮ʣݳڽ˸оʱܱü΢ĵ۾ϸϸҶС磬˼Һܣѽᡭ
㣬ȻҲͲڴ֮䣬ܶҶСҹʱϬ˵ȥΪȻˣֻͷ綷ЩӵĿ
̫ô˵Цסڣ룺ү̫ôңҾ͸רˡ˵ү˵˵ۼҵרһƷϿɲܳ©ŶԵүκࡣ
̫üڲ˵ˣظվҶСӵˣλ㣬ɫҲˣǶȥЪϢɣҲˣͻȥ˯ˡ
̫ڿڴǷٲţҶСӰͳȥҶС˳ִſժһյƣ̫õݹɫ̫ȥɡ
̫ÿɲѾʹҶСӺëȻ⣬ëСֵܣҶСӽɲԼô̫ЦҶ㣬⸮ۡҿŽأĺܣ۶ȥЪ˰ɡ
̫ǰڰֻ֣ӯСèȥŲߵͷҪҹգȻԶһյȽȽһܴļĻģģϷӦǰԺӶ
̫úվסƬ֮ŵܵ˳Ⱦͷת̫ſ̫òеôôˣʲô𣿡
ԽԽ̫վǰ棬æŻ˽Ųһס볨£һ˵ԭݹݹǰˣҪүһҹǼңүǼ˵ģ鷿أүĺѣաСûҵ飬ˡ
Ŷ̫һҲҵأۿɱ˿ˡȻǰߣѿŷһ£ȥС硣
ݹ
˿߾Ůǵסˣ治ȥѵЩתǰȥֱ̫ҶСס
ҶСס˸գתȥңңסңңҵ˯죬ҶСȴݴңңǶվе㷢㶣øȥѰҶС졣
ȻһȻ뵽С粻ȥɣѽסأɱСҡ
ּϻԼסͼҶСǰȴת˹
ҶСһȻ˷ȴϴ˴;ľﻹߴҪԸȴ֪֮ǰҶС̫ǿˣҶСиǿĵ
ҶСʱֻžӦȥʲôȻ֮󼪣ݶԶԿڹûʶµӵζʲô
ҶС˵˼强§§ԣŰưͳɾͺµʱҶСͻȻһղģУҵˣҡҿҪ̲סˡ
ӵصͷʵ˼ҡ
ҶСȻص֪ǻûɾޣ㲻Ӧá
չæ̧ͷǣҡ
չһδˣѾҶСסͣʱ˵ˡһǣҶСӣضչһȣǰóˣٺޣ
ҶСؿ齣ҧһҧȻ˳ȥŴƺܸоʱȸо
Щ㶣ķչҪƺȫһѽĺøжССȻڻȴһء
ҶСһݵķ䣬ѧھʦ񸦣ǰҵػ˸ʮ֣ллأӷɻˣˣոˡ
ҶСµӳһתȣͼվҶСϲæӭȥݣôˣҸ˵Ҹղš
С磡
һҶСҲһϲϽӭԭ˵Űݷأ˵һξǰҹǼģա
ҶСԾصգѭ죿
ҶСһѭ죬ûɵؽһѭҹܵΪôְҹˣִʲôɣ
ҶС켱ϵŷվſڣͷһ仰û˵꣬ҶС˽ȥĿһͿѭվڷС
ҶСջغأѭ컹ûһϲǰʷˣڻˡ
ѭ죬ҹðǳʲô𣿡ҶСûոףץסѭ־ͼһ䣬仰꣬ҶСŷԱϻһˡ
˴һϮɫɴֱ֣һһͳƤԲñǶһӨϺ䣬һ˫۵ѥƹӳϣƺһֱϸ۰׵ļ֮Уһĸо
һӣҶС찵Ծ̾һ˴Ϳ죬ˮ𪣬پ£ӵ溱˼˶᲻ԾرŮӸΡ
ףôô죿ҶС֮̾ĵڶоֿۣҶСͻȻһʧеա򡭡ѽѽôաӣ
ȻһЦӯӯҶС칰˹֣ĶŵصҶˣҹţðˡѽ
䴩װȴװ˵תΪѹһЩһЩԵջ
ʵȻһֱڣ࿴ҲϳŮˣôĵģŮװҲͰˣװŮζҲ˿Ǹܸһּ¶ĸо
µȻѾȥˮ䵽һЩʪļͷκʪ׾۵ϣ·¶ĻһˡǸˣɫŮζʮŮǰ޶ãҲ⡣Ǹʵˣʵ˾ö˼еµͷǲӦõģԲһֱվ⡣
룬뵽鷿𻰡ҶСֲɵһð֪Ǳͼæ
Цһͷ˳ȥҶС켱æ󣬵ſڼæ˳ִǽץһֽɡһɡˣҶСڵأ룡
ûȻˣɱϾݵλǶţģɾҶС쿴ˣǻô̸̹Ȼź򣬾ٲС
ֽɡŷרõģȽϴ󣬿˳ǰرҪˮܡҶС쵱Ȼ˼ŷ̫ԱɡбһˮʪİƬӡ
ѭ󣬳һµúܴ󣬿ŷֻһɡץ¸ϳŷʱǱɡѾȽȽԶˣѭϽһ׷ȥ


16 ϥ̸
ҶСŽý鷿һյƣһȥĹ鷿һʱǴе庮֮ƺҲɢࡣ
ҹɫҹǰȻżҪ飬Ҳ̫ܵãҶСûкѾ裬˱ʾǸ⣬˾
ŵؿҹãԭðͲæµˡѭ졭
ѭݸɫѭ⣬ոµֵҶСͷ߳ȥһڣҪſڣԷ߽
ҶСأҲ˲ЩȽڣҲ£˫ַϥϣ̬
ŷ˵żֻҹţѾԳ˼̬֮·磬ʱҶСǰ¶̬Թš
һ˲ͷգȥϺͶͷˮ鱻ȥˣԭڶͷ㷢΢΢Żָ˼źӺݣŮҵҲȻų
Ҷʷðãź̸һ̸˵顣
ſˣҶСüͷ˸ı⣿
ҡҡͷ׾鴿˵Щ顣ǣˣȴ׾Һ񣬸֮£ȴ޷̣ԡ
ŵĿЩĻǣˣ׾򣡡
㣿
ҶСЩ⣬ЦЦҡͷˡ¹˵ðĻݹȻ󣬿ǡ㣿ô
ô֪У
΢΢ͦͦӣɫСе⡣װһͦ¶毺˵Ρʹǳɫ۷Ǳ¡չʾǿŮǵ͵ĽˣƤϸְףپ½ǡˣµȴһԼ˶Աһֺر
ҶС̲סŷʲô˼ᡭװɣ
ͷһ֣ҶСĵ׾ӿһֺܹĸоұҪԸةֻл֪صֶ֮κЧҲͬŷӺס
˵öӶǰŮԾһ͸˵ӡŮӴģŮζһУһոƷ鰮ζ˵ջԵֿ
ŷСеܿȥֵصȻ֪أʱһЩҪ飬ȴԴ֪ȥˣҲ֪ر˵˼
һ֪صĴӡܵģڹؼʱ̣Դ֪ʹ֪صȨº׾֣ǻĬľأǰٱȥأ
ҶС֪ԼˣƤҲһȣӣЦЩ
ŷ˳Ƭ̣ĳ־˵УΪЩ뿪תͶ첮µǣȫǼʹ֮
ҶСĿһȻ˵
ŷ΢΢һЦҶʷ֪ʱһڼãǿ޴ġ
ҶСƺɲΪҲĬƬ̣ɵģЩ
ŷ΢΢¶һ˿ڽ֮⣬ҶʷЩô׾׿ڴӦҲЩôοû׾ĺ첮Ҳˮݣһᶷȥôβһ֮
ҶСЦˣЦ⣺ɣȻˬ죬ǾһΪ
ŷȻһԣ
ҶСһֻӨ裬һòôذ
ҶСЦҪҪѪΪ˰
˵ţǾ֣žžžضԻơʱĳŵɲ˶ȫû˾η֮ģڳŵͬƨһ㣬ƶµԼɱȺİֻֽԼ
ƻգҶС΢΢ָֻỬĸоɵȥŮŮ֮ģСƣֻҪϸҲܸо
Լ˵ĹϵʱȣϾͿԺԼϵʽһϵ˴̡о˫ԵĴ㡢Ԥ⣬Ҳÿһжиķ䡣
ŷ˲ٿˣһؽϵ˵̬Ϊɷȡžܶ档Ȼίģ̬ģûһܻĳ࣬ǳŶҶСҲϧĸо
ǷƺѾԶ鷿ѾȫСйŮȴûգֻķָȵһ鶨ŷ˿ʱȫطһ鷿龰¡
һתҶС鰸ϷǽϹһͼֻһǷͼϳԼֱʡһ滹ԼС֡ȻԼƷˡ
ŷЩȣ֪ʱҶСһĻϸһ룬ԼֵҪһû뵽ȴҶС졣
ŷǺǺЦⱾͿѻ֪֮ˣضҪøЩƷȻʲݣ˼־誣ˡ
ҶСɲ֪ǡŷ˵С֣ΪŷֻֻӾͣûʲôʽĻҲ򵥣Ͼֻ֣Ϊ֡
ҶС˳ŷ˵ĿŤͷȥȴŷŵǸͼͼԱһɽˮͼŻǲڸɽˮ֪Ĺ£ɽˮ٣ԶԶһˣڻӸԡ
ȴ֮ˣ޴͸ҶСģδʦϣϵһƷǰѾղأϱӡ˽£ҶСҲϱ߼ӡԼ¡
ҶСֻŷ˿ЦϲС첻󶮻ֻ˵˵ϣϵĻʦܹ٥ָ㣬վտ겻ʮˣʶ֮١
ŷע⵽ɽˮͼǶģϸһȻ˻ռΪտΪѵõǣƷ٣ҶʷﾹƷ
ҶСվǽժǷ־һᣬŷ˵ϲ͸˰ɡСǸˣСҲ̣ˡ
űգΪϣϴƷ̫٣Ϊ٣ԵüΪˣתһ룬˴ʱǸոսԼҲδһϵľٶߣλ滭ʦƷΪһûˣԸᡣ
һ룬űҲٽ飬˫ֽӹϣϵĻҶСҲһңĻͼѭҶ
ҶСЦǸˣɾˡӢۣ⻭ôҲ͸ˣǽǾȤˡ΢΢һЦҲٿס
ʱѾСЩҶСŽͳţңһյȽȽɽҶСа룺λŷ˵ǸŮɷжǺҲûΨ첮ˡ
뵽ҶС첻ȻʧЦˣ˵ҴʱѾ˾ǣڽͷ̯Сأҳͷ֮գ


17 Ѽϼ
ڶ·¹е߽⳥ˣ˵İٸĸ׼ڱơҵԧס˼ң˫⳥·¹õûֱӹϵɱϾ˼ȥ۵ģҲ顣
䷢ʱ̫ү߶ְѸ𷢷ŵ߼Уһʧȥ׳ģ֪ػȥ⻧˼δһĸ˰ۡ
Ȼ̫үûȨ泯͢ȥ˭ĸ˰ģȨڻʵֻۡлʵ۲ſȥĸ˰ۣȥһֱʵóʽɡ
Щ·µƤڴأ´εͷҲ첮ĵˣ첮ֻҪһ£ܰ˷ųЩѾȷΪ£첮Ŀ԰ʹǣȴܹ֮ĹϵҲֻίЩʱˣ̳Ҳ̫ˡ
һ첮ҲͲ£ĸٶڰм˲ӡ֡ǻ·һʯԿ̴˴·ߵԶǵĹﳤĴ£Щռ׷ߵͷлæǰһ
õİհٸֻҪʾǾͨ
ип֣һʱ˫ҲʪˣǣϷǴĽʿֵԡѪս·̶ͨȵرҾսЩ߶ΪģӦܵ⡭
ãܰ첻죬ܸøһǰôͨӲͷƤ߳õʱ򣬻ΪܵǵáΧأǶȴء
ԻãӦýյĸ֮٣һԲľšȻǰĵһ仰ʵǲԴʲôģ˵ĺܺΪң۷飬Ҳǲˡġػϲ飬Աһ鵽ף۴˭ϳͲ
лү
лү
ǸӸжˣ仰ûһޣνϲ飬Ҳȷ˭ȥ飬ڡԱǾ͸ǺǺˣ˭ǡءһ仰ô
Ǿôһ京ǣºȫԵһƨŵĳŵֻΪǻ֪˵ģ˵˵նȻְѰǸжһͿ
ҶСȫͬ縧ģۼգ߹ҹһƬŢСһ˼˳˺ۼĹžż߽һͰéݣҵסһ˫˫ϼĴ֣꺮ůֻλ֪Ӧȥμ桢˵ƱѳϷӲŶԣݼȥϷ˷˲ţҲ֪ԼŵļױһݷͳȥʱоҲ
ʱΪ̫Ϸˣٰθһأ㿶ظǿһſԶȥֵĿͷ֧ƱҶСҲ̲סˣһ¾˳
λ׸ϣⷬеģҾʵԴ˵˰ɣ˾ƴϣѾΪܵʹ˽ȥְ񣬱ΪһȫԷٺ꣬ȥһٺ»˼ңǸýɵĸ˰÷ۣҪǵķٺ֧
ɫ䣬κĿ֮£ʵڲܳȥסҶСĴ͡
ҶСһڵǻƵܣƲңѴ̡ة첮ģ·ɣԴ۷һҲ֪ģȴûмʱͬҪΡٹ໤̫үǾᷢģԣѾ鵯
ǰһڣûʹȥðǣֻҶСԶС˻ΪеΣǣҹһ尡ϣܹ⻨ܹȫֱ֧أȷǰսֵıϣ
ɽХĻ̫ѹ֣ļµë˿ٱҶСôһһʱͷָͣҶС죬һˮ˼ͣͻȻһᣬһͷСѭĻ
ҶСһˣ׼˼Ӧʩ绨һҪƤڷϣδĻڿȫòˡ
ҶСϽӿڵҪңҪҡЩ죬Ϊȷ·䣬ҹ£ˣҹҹдһݵ£һ£ҹδߣ۹ȣεֻҪϢһ¾ͺãҲõģհͷ̧˻ȥϢ
ѭӦһܰͷԡȻְ˽ŵذѻؽӣ̧ߣ߰Һţţ˭˵Ǵү̥ӵĺùţ
绹ûþˣڽҲֻܸ󡹦Ƶãֱ̧ã绣һӽڵؽ˿
ѭ쵣ĵؿ˿ҶС죬ҶСνص˵ñʩʩȻظ˽ȥѭ첻ģæҲ첽˽ȥͷݣȻûʸȥ̫үСӵݣȴûʲôˡ
ҶС죬Ю⣬ǿȱأ
֪ɫŭضҶС
ҶСƤصˣŲҲ˵漰˭Ҫһ鵽ô¹ֻ˼һȷĽ𡣰٣ô̫ٷĻ
㻹ҽƱ磡㡭
ָ֪ҶС죬ո˵˰䣬ȻǺǵЦ˵ģؿûгϡǲ鵯ةģǶڵԼǲģ
ҶС쾪ȵصɣĵ£Ѿͨ;ˣͬʱͭʸ͹ְֽȴ˵¹ţֻة¹ٵ˵ǰ
֪شһʧʲô
ҶСǷѭѭţվĻִ
ҶС쵹ǳڻ֪ǰǷ̬ҹŻ˰ޣŽ뿪Ϊ˫ĺƹ滮ζԸ첮ġķֶΣû˯ʱ䡣
ѭӦӻһŻִ˫ֽҶСϡͨվ;ʦĹģվȻҪǩղִҪˡһͨ䴫ݣִдĸϸ
ҶСһѶִһϱ߼ص£µƶȻĿһǡة첮衷һǡ衷
ǽߵģΪߵǾ䣬ʱͿݳȥˣΪսµķϵľõİ˰ٶȣ׷ˣ۷ֱһƨ˹ñϡ
ܣⲻܣûбصӡţǲܷ衭
һ˿ң૵صѭ̲סЩصϵȻӡţȻΪϷŪͳ͢ô
ôܣԾؿѭ죬ֿҶС죬ͻػȻ򣬴ŭţһһ˦լȥһ嶷ģ
ҶС쿴ǸڵļƣЩĵضѭ˲Ȼŭ梲°ɣ
ѭشңҽǾһǹͷҽǰˣġ


18 Ƹ
ŵԷ絥һ侲ң鷿ʱ鰸ǽϣ͹ҶСǷɽˮͼĦϣϵĻ滭ʷ
šۡһƿˣһĽŲ𣬻ŭسǰΪīСѾһүƢģŵôҳ
ֻǵ˻һۣһ֡ظطī֣°ͣӻСĶɿ˹ȥ
ûỨ磬ϸϣϵġɽˮͼͷСĵػţò˵ϣϵĴ֮Ȼ࣬ÿһǾƷ⻭еĲ˵ǾָٵĶ쳣鶯ǻ棬ŵĶС
ſ˿ԼĦĲҡҡͷǲµƺϣϵԭ޶£ȴûϣϻ񣬿ѧϰһС
ŵӰѱը˷εĻƤϣ򡭡ˣҲ̫ˣ簴಻סȿ˿ڡ
Űѱɽһ飬תص๫ĵ̫СĵٲĻǻںػ֮ô
㡭
类һ仰Ҫǻŭ𶼱סˣͺɫ㡭ôðΪ͢أȥ밡
ֺֺЦصŶȴ֪βܴȥأ
ŭҪ˲֪ǼĪΪΪأܲΪ֪ô
żڽصҪˣ๫ʵĻűʼ˶ԣôأ˵๫岻ʣʣ๫ȫϿɵģʱ˭ôǣ๫㲻ϡ
ٶĬΣžɥصΪںࡣۿһأͿӳˣƫҪڴʱ£һϣة㳹˺ƤҲûлˣ
üͷһǲϹ٣ѵϹƫģߣһؾӳ죿ȥأںһ޳ɡ޽ѵָٸһòʹˣηһ
ŭ֮֮
ŵ๫ĸ֮ǣҪôھȥ첮ĺǽ貢ǳֱʣǵԭ£׷һ裬͢˵ΣαץߡҪôóǶһһúöһ
ص๫úɣξȫ㣡˵գһ˦Ȼ˳ȥ
ʢŭȴûжŴĿܡʵĻԼǰģɲǾºӶʨˣŷҲǺӶʨ
ʱʱҪԼļױάΪϣĻеǰ磿ԭҲǶɷǿƵŮˣپܸɵŮˣϣɷб£ӱϣܵľֱǿӻռеĸоɻȴȻȻҲԵǿˡ
һʱֻлصĴϢ˰ΣȻһϡ

֪鳯͢ةϢѸٴڼҡСһһ¾ԭϥϵܳ谮ǸСվȣӴһĵ̺ϡ
Ҳ˲ϧˣһطԸˣ챸ϷҪȥվ
Ⱦ⡢Դ𡱵ҲˣҲˣ·Ҳоˣһ͸ϵ˺ԺһԺŴ󿪣һꤵʻֱվȥ
첮ñҶСҵһԳ˸ֱϴЪϢʱʱзʵСοǣµһҶС죬ҲֻԴˡ
ǲΪǰγԹҶСĿѾ첮ӰҶС췵غǰλٶȼҶСʱĳ棬ڻУÿһζüҶС򳹵װݵĽ£̧֡
ļҶСһ̣ףǻ룬ǴĵﺦҶС졣ûѾ˴أҶСӲƵҶС죬һֿɿصĸо
ʵ첮ĵ̬ʹҲǾ޽УںְУһ벻ߵҲ˾޲Ŀ޹⡣ڴҶʱ
ʱҪôЩ˾ҪôˣϣҶС졭ûҲΨһϱ׼ǣ첮Ķ
Ҳڷ첮ѽ첮ľЩӦҶССǣ첮ĲȡһֲԣҪ֣㣡սֻҪٳ£ҾͿڹĻϣѸҲȫҵĸʱս½Ҳҿˡ
Ƕ㣬ʱ˸ˣΣһôҲνö֮ȴûκЧȫı䲻ҴȨյʵǾֻ˿㡣
˭֪ȥҶС죬ҶСȴȲˡ첮ȥ·ѲһȦתʱվǩѺͷظˣһǩѺ˸˳ȥ
첮ɺЦʲô£Żš
ŵҾ˵ҶС첻Сӣƫ᲻㹻Ľ䱸ºˣջߥ޻鳯͢ˣ
첮ĳһ鳯͢ңʲô
Ϣһ˵첮ĵɫʱةõģŻΪβδ˵𡣡
ЦֻƽֵܣݣͲǺҶСͬھء
첮룬ȻһЦۿͰ̳ɷˣ֪ش˾Ȼ̲סˣٺ٣ΪҶСˣתȥɣ¾㱨ϳ͢ҲأοΪ˱ϾΪڡ
Цô룿ҶС콻ҲһˣѵΪ˱ԣʵİӣǾġֻǱ鵯㵱ҾͻˣϷֻһʼҶСȻж
첮Ц΢ӻ磬ȴܺҶС죬첮ϸĻ׵ҶС蹷ǲɲأ
˼ҶСγֵʱ·ϳһСΣǰСرܡྲĹƣˡ࿪һþ߼࣬ζš˵һŻرܡ֮ǳˮС
ٳţżʱ˵ΪҲӲ̣һЩҪĵ񳡺ϣ⻹ͷһء
·ϸɵȻ۷Ƕ֣ͣãȻؿŽ߽̣·ˣͷһ⿴ôųعԱѲųֻһˣ̫ү
ǵеΨǽմȨյ첮ģǵȨ˻磬ֻɰõĳ̣Ҳ޷ӵеġ·ͣˣһ򣬻ˮشӽ˳
ҶСЦǰ繰˹֣ˣǵˣ
ݺݵصһۣεǰȥӡСӺҶСָǿˡ
粢һֱǷȱֻµѡȻһݳȥ첮ľϵĺˣ·
첮ĺ͢ٱԼôô׷ĺҲȱ첮ĺܸءһ˷ǵͱڣѱѡֻӲͷƤϳˡ


19 ֶ
ҶСһۣҶСĿȻ̬ŵԷЩ
һΧ£۷ǳͶȣ·άɹةµĹ·ҳ͢ҪԼ·һӦС񣬸ɱȫȨ𣡡
ǶԴ˲û̫ǿҵķӦ˭ǻһɻң˵֪ﱻܿˣСǲ̫֪ǣǱصĴүүҪүԶ·ɣǲǺô
Ȼ첮ල۷ǵĲĸоȵģǵţҲǸ֪شүȨοԱ߻վλҶʷء
ҶʷЦеģЦ滢ƵģЦʵе㲻⣬˫۾ģͲϧҶСʧˣû˸վҶСĿѲӹȥʱ˻׷׵ͷӡ
ҶС⣬ڰֵܰͷ
ܰͷְͦڣ
ҶСȫ·
ܰͷְ
ҶСЩǵԭ·ϵĸλ֣ˣǿԻȥˣүȱڣϢһ£ԡһ֮ٻţã
첮Ĳڴ˴ЩĸҸλ¿ʷкţһˣ¿ô죿һӣةߵñסǭ¿ҲΨͻɽ֮ةͻô
ԭ·ϵǹԹԵؽжְȨվǶҲ˽һЩһƣ֪̫үȨˣվɣֻЦؿ֡
һֱһģһ˳Ѫеرȡ˶ԷıݣŵһĲķ¡ϧҶСʵǲʡģհķ£ҶСֿˡ
ҶСЦصˣ·ѾˣｻܰͷͺãλةԴ˻֪أǵȥվ֪һ
ҶС·ǺܷĵģѾ˸կկЩɽ񣬰ǵկ֮һһ˿ˣǾǲ֧֡
ο¶Ҳ˭׬Ǯ֮ǰ˻ةûͶԼĳдĲδȥǣ͹ҲӰǵ棬ڹ˽Ƕȫ֧ҶС졣
ҶСϢһկկԴԮˣھ·ϡ첮ӣҶСҲǲµģеǳֶȥ
ҪǿӲֶΣҶСͻ֡дݣûȨ첻¡Լô첮ô죿ο첮ĺܿܲӣǿƷԣôȥ·ϣһȷ·ͨ
ûеģҶСУӣ˶ȥȨӦӦ񣬲ӦȨҶСûݣΪ˾İţԼһĶֵϣôڶУûȨصи棬첮ĵ
ҶСͻܡᶨơΪ䣬ǻô
һҪ첮ͻֿʼҶʷͲ˰ɣǲȥվ˵һǻȻŰɡ
ţôɣ̫үһֱ·ϣֱս½ҶСѹӣˣڲߡݹةġȨҲû
ɵǡһ˳ͻҶʷΪ
ҶСɤţүվ̵
ۣۣۣͭ࣬ζš˵һŻرܡ֪شүûκΣֻñһӣҶСʹǿ̧վһ
ŮŷĽ̻壬׿ڸκʾָ㣬Ĵǽˣ˿̰ݵľĽɫҶС죬ɾλķɴˡ
첮վʱǩѺةĥҶСʹõĲԡȻѾϤҶСΪˣҲ벻ҶСеôȨѾܴ󵨵ҶСõҲûٳϹõֶַΡ
ǶȥıһʱҶСֿܵĶȨֶΣʲɳӰֲţۣˣ󣬸ıȦӣػءɡȴ
ǣҲֶӦİ취ѾռƣǲģʮҪȫʵʩ˳ĻҲһ깦򣬶֪ضںٵһͷϴ󣬵ʱ㲻Ҳǵ˸ߵʱˣ˭
սһ۹ʱ첮дʱֶһҪ룬ƵĻ֪ѹһͷѣ죡ȻɵҶС죬ҶСǵҶСսȴûǸݺȨǡֶξǽûݡ
ȻⲢ˵˻磬ҶСû취ԸˣٳСԴҲǳеģҪʱ͸ˣڸһҵһɽץס㹻İѱпܰ⵹ǡ첮ĺʲôѱץ
ţƴ񱻹Ƶĳ˽ص󡭡󡭡ˣ²ã֪شү͡Ҷʷվˡ
һʲô
ƴܵһź̧Ӳ˰Ѷͷĺˮص֪ҪԸ·ϣҪȡ֮
첮Ĳŵصܣֻڹʱôĵӣ֪أѵ뱾ة׾ѣǣػתô
صˣиҶС죡
첮ЦҶС죬һѣ£ʲô
תתԤϣ˵죬´Υʵڲ²ʲô£Ҹǳ׾ѣֻҪԳֶĴ£ߣмԴģ
ƴϼλˣ̫үͿ쵽վſˡ
ȻѣϵϷ򻹱ڼأܽϷӺߣةʲôֶΣһҪסʹһ־ǣǽϸ顣
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첮¶Цȥӭһӭ̫үʲô
վѲ˾һǵλȽϳȻְȨԶĲţ֮⣬ר˾ŹϽͬʱҲ̫ү̫үˣԶҲóӭ
첮ĴƴϴҴҸϳǩѺ߲ԶͼԶ첮ͣסŲɫƵصة˵֪شʦ
ԶЦصةĶĿͨΪ֪شҪþ䣬軹ǱةǩѺģô
첮ϳ壬ɻȴû˵˵ʲô˼ѭ°£ѵ˼ûͨ籨ţ˵ƽ˴˳ֵܵģ˼ةͲ飬ʲôɹ
첮һǰСԶıӰ΢΢һЦæҲٲȥվϣǾϣ첮ĺưԺصģϣ͢ĻռϷ磬õľ棬߳ضȥƾеضȥôȨֻվ֮ȨϷ䣬ˮԣȻ·磬ǺﻨһѵģʱҲڴҶСܰǸƵ̫үһ̡
ǣٷḻҲû뵽ҶС첢ǰѻ֪طһ̣ǰλųսԼʻս¡¡ѹ˹


20 ȥ
첮ĺԶһϵվſڡȻΪ̫үѹٶȣӭӵʱ䡣һͣ첮ĺԶǰһǴγҾһ񣬵¹첮ģԶӭ֪شˡ
ҶСߵǰ˽ηĲʹһýԳٻشӽԣΪЩηѣ첮Ŀȴƹżӣв΢ݣһ⻨ڹ߲ѽ
ҶСһѣڻñʱƮƮһ仰ˣ˿ԥʱһˣһͿأ
仰ص˻ͷȻһĿ첮ʱЩڰ֣ٲǰߣ첮Զһ֣ͷǰ·˱վĴ
ˣϲ첮ıǷ֪ش˹æʲô·Ըֻʹһˣ¹ôͶء
翴һ׵ҶС죬ֻҶС۹۱ǡǹģ״ɮ붨һ㡣ʱ˿̣ҶСȲΪıߣҲһԹһֻܽɻɷˡ
ƽһ飬ԼӼᶨսһҪҲΨһҪ£Ǳ·֮ͨܲ
һڣϢƽӼ𣬱ؽڴˣ·ĹɡةǺǣͶգҲˣȻȥɡ
첮ĴǰѾƴ£ûа㾪֮ɫ⻰ҡҡͷˣ¹پô²ף
һ첮ĵ淴Ϣֿʼˣ΢΢ͺصкβף
첮ĵˣ¹Ѿ£һжϤͬľҲϤ˴ʱ֣һжҪͷʼһ©Υ˱⣿
ߣһ֮áҪɴٳ־·ϹȻҪȴǱΨһĴ¡Ǳصĸĸ٣ҪǴֻעڴ££˭˴Ͱ
첮仰Ǽ˻еһ˿ŭ⣺˻Զأοôһˣ类첮ļܿˣҪԸʲôΥִСߴ٣Ҳϰ֮Ȼ˲˵ҲûȥˣһξͶһΣǴԼš
ģֻͷǸӲĿάǽʣڿɺã첮ľȻ˵а벻һ첮Ĵ͵ô
ͷǿӲĿǵѾةԣ
ҶС찵˿ɣ鶼ݶϣҪǻòһٶǳװˣ
˭ҶС꣬һ䣺͢Ҫȷ·ͨĹ·صģʲôѴ̡ǰ·¹в¼Ͳɶңذܲ
ԶЩЦһӡȻˣ˷Ӿͺ˰Ǿһ䡰ѾةԣǶαٽôࡣ
첮Ҳɫ󣬵ز㣬ɰǣô˵ȻѾ˵ѵû˵һػԼֿǲˡ
첮΢΢۾ص˼ȻѾ¹Ȼֻܷӡֻǣ¹ٷԵԵҵˣһУ·һʲô
вˣ·ϲѵͲܸ©һԥʶؿҶС죬ҶСںȲ裬ޡһһƬҶڵϣְѲ豭صһ١
һȻǱصľȻɱһе
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첮΢΢һЦվ繰˹֣Ȼˣ¹ͷã¹ٸˣ
첮˵ҲȻشһ˦䣬һҡ˳ȥ
ة㻹ûнӡ
첮ġˡϲã뼰첮Ļûκν˭ڰ졢쵽ʲô̶ȣһ֪æ뻽ס첮ġ
첮ѾߵſڣװûֻܰȻ߳ȥҶС쵭һЦˣ·Ҳˣةԭ֪飬Ҳûжôةڣнӹ·ܰͷ˳ʱϢҲûʲôҪǵģ˵һǧһ򣬲һȷ·ͨôֻҪץסһ㣬Ͳ
ԶǷҶʷ˵ǣ·ϵ飬¹ְڣ䲻ȫȨµة֪ȫȴҲ˴룬Ե߾ܣˡ
վɽһͤǱһѩɫľװֻڴɫƱߣڶ̵վͤɽոѱϣͷ΢΢ʪһƬ죬ǡһŵĽһ
һѩ׵ľװĵϸԲֱͦȳͦθȴӲʣرΣٵ˫ֱ޳ȣ߻˵֮ġ
ǺǣҶСȻǸһͰ첮Ķˡ첮Ҳϡ棬ƫƫȴ˾ݱ£ֻѹʶ
Ǳһ˫ٵèƵ˱ѺȥϾҶңңԶˣֻǡԴ⣬ɲһ׿ƵңңСѾͷÿô
ңٶ䲻󣬹Ů˵ıȴСļҴС㻹岻ģչҴСסļң˭ɾͺ£ܲЩϸ𣬵ʱξ͸ˣҵðѴˣᡭ
첮뿪վƵģˣɫһƬࡣȻԾ취ڲ磬ֱٶʾվʰҾ֣Ǳôߣɾ޹⣬Ĳ졣
ƴϷŲ֪ﵽĶȥˣʱƵ˳һСܵ׷첮ģ첮ؿһۣԸȥл絽Ҹϼң̣
ƴϺظ׷һ⻰æִӦһתȥ
лĳоվԲԶĵطʵϼҳȫƴҵлһ˵лϾ͸ƴϵסԴҶСлͶˣ첮ܳѹԼԩңֵĹƶ˵ҶСֳʲô۶ӣĵ»Ƿˡ
첮ıסðŵĹᣬѾԼһۡۡݻȴҲԺ䣬ʮ䷿ᡣۡľĸۡԱߣһԺǽ츮լһŶֱͨ븮од˵ةľķ˽ͨȫ̽ľļС檵£ɲǿѨ硣
лƴһ츮ѵ˷ԸӱѶýȥһСѾѶ첮ȻһۣƵƷ裬еӣ˿Ǹոżģ


21 
лһ첮ģæ°ݵةˡ
첮ףɣ
ллƴҲһ첮ı֧һƴȻ£΢һɣǰ֧δԵòΣƴҲԼˣҲ̫䱸û
첮һ²豭лҶС֪·Ѿ֪ˣ
лǷʱ·ƴּ˵˼䣬黹
첮ĺǺһЦ飿ʲôãڵǣҶСⷢӣ·¹б¶׳֮û˱ʮ壬Դʮ壬һпƶȨ
лŵصˣô죿̫үϾ̫үܲùѽ
ڵл磬֮︮ʱѲͬնˣɳеĳ֮սѾһʲƵĲƲҶСĳȻûǣͬʱʼĸ˵ĲƸʧ첮ʧƣĲƲ޷ּӵ̬ƣΪˮҲ޿ܡ
ͬʱɲҶСǸӣһҶСȨŹôҶСڲֻΪةڡڣһƱѶԸĶ֣ˡ
첮ĵһЦô죿Ա֮ʩӣҶС쵨Ӵ֪үĵȴСúܣֻҪ鷳ʱ֪үһã˭Ҳǣˡ
첮л֣лæǷƨɣ߶߶شյǰ϶䡣첮Ķ˽һл˳һʧˣô᲻ᡭ
û˵꣬ʣµĻͱ첮Ŀ˻ȥ첮صɾͣûɹҪộҪôݣҪôѡһ
·ѡֻҪ첮ĵķԸϾͻᱻ첮ûüֵˣк³лɫ粻ΣҧҧͷСˣСȥ죡
첮ĵɫ΢Ц㲻£ⳡϷǸҶС쿴ģǸ֪ش˿ģλ֪үǴ˳ˮû⣬зĵˡ
лҲչնЦ˵ǣСġ
첮΢΢һЦȥɣٵĺϢ
лȭһ񣬵Сĸˣ
лҴ˳ȥ첮Ŀƴϣƴһֱף˹غŲ裬첮Ľлƺġ첮΢Цƴϣ׷汾٣ô
ƴϵڵһͺˣ²豭վڣˣְ֪ģְԭ⣬£ǻجج
ʷκةΪ˾ҲֻΪְӴʷˣⱰְ͡ةˣʷҲˣְҲԭΣȥ˲ַҶС¹κ󣬱ְһʱͿűĴȣҶС̫Ҳ̱顭
ƴ˵ӶˣԱְŲʣɱְڲַͬųЦǴѱְȳӵģɱְǰ̣ɻҶСˣְˣְҪŴˣۿҶСѣ
ƴⷬġʷָľҶС죬ʵΪһˣ첮ҲλûʲôˡѡʷҶС쵱ˣǾ͵ͨˡ
ΪҶСԾݱΪʷصʱƴѾһ첮·ŵַҶСʷʱľɲȫٸԭְˣΨûƴϡ
ƴϺ첮ĴȨƣͶ첮£˳ͷ֮գ˭ϣֻ˼죬ͱϻҶСⷢӣԻ֪صزַˣǱ첮ĽģҪ˵޼ҶС죬ȷǷθ֮ԲŶԡ
첮ĹһЦٲǰƴϵļһһصűٺúøɣһۿ£Ҳٸԭְϲ¥
ƴϾϲصа취Ը
첮΢΢һЦʲôҪԸô
첮ȸƴϳ˿Ŷ裬ŵǰ뱾ٽΪǿƷףϰ߸ĺաȡϸ˼ÿСգѱظկﳤҪ̽̽ǵĿڷ磬վ
ƴϵǣλկҪҪأ
첮Ļûܰʵ۽룬ãǲܣկɳһλҲɡҪǣλܹɽկ̬ȣ
ƴϵְˣְȥ졣첮ĵͷĿƴȥƬ֮һʮˣǸ޵ĸˣǷ̴߷ˡ
ةˣòһҶСĿأ߷ЦЦģһ˫ˮһ۴˵ζ첮ġ
첮ġٺ١һЦһԼķǣ㲻ü٣֪޼ҶС죬ҶСͬǱٵԩҶͷģһ죬һزڽ¡
߷첮ĻһԲķμɵĥţ˫ĲӣҶС캦ūҼūҵȻϣҶС첢öԸҪȻūҵɷةҲᱻˣūҵɵ֮Сѽ
߷ⷬ࣬У첮һů屻ɵĥţʱ²ҶСǿֶθ·ȻԾɱգʱһа߷һĥȫת߷壬ڵϺݺһѣϢصȥӣ衢Ǽú÷̷ү
첮˵⼸˶ľ檣첮ĺ߷˹ɼŰľ⼸Ҳˣʱǽеһڴᣬ̬֮Ա
߷ԭľޣȻԸԽݣ뼸ͬʱһˣȣһ˼ңͽ첮ģΰѳټļҲμԦľǰ£Բ¶Υ֮⡣
߷ֻǰԲβ첮Ļݺĥһ£ذһۣլȥ
վҶСŻ·ϵһӦܰͷӹ·֮Ҳվ㱨ΣةĴѹ첮ĺ棬ԻҲǽϡ
ܰͷ뿪ã߳еĴΰˡΰ⼸һֱ޴𩡢ĹУ·õĳʽּΪϤ·ӿ͹۶ʵ
㼯˼鱨Ȼû첮ĵ뽻ӣĿǰ·Ҳ˽˸߰˰ˡҶСʱŶԻˣةܰͷΰѵһưոӦӦˣ¹Ȼˡ
󾪵ôҶʷ㲻㱾·ô
ҶСεصˣ¹Ҳ·ϣͲºԺô¹ٵȥ첮ѽ
ص첮ıȻģֽţʮа˾Ҫ·ϵġ
ҶС¹Ȼףɴ¹Ҳڣɲ첮ĺΪô·ߣʵ첮ʹʲôֶΣЩʲôˣֻһѹˣ
۾һæʲô
ҶС΢΢һЦ˵һ


22 򵥴ֱ
ؼҵȺ첮ĵϢкšԻһԸ񣬼ΪҲôѸ٣Ҫò¶ڷ磬̶С̽һǿҷϢģһӦҲ⣬ҶС
û뵽ҶСҲ翴˻һԸһҶСǰѻսϣšקţǿԼһǰ棬羹Ȼ첮ĸϻãõĲһϢһ
һסˣϴ룬ֱãǣոߵǰǿдšٺ»֬ࡱĽʯǰҶСôһҲ첽
һҶСϹ˹֣ЦЦصӴⲻ¹˵زԴôˣ¹úȥء
ԭҶʷΥΥˣ
˵ţͦظһȥһ仰˵꣬Ѿһ΢ȣɫҲģؿţϷʹˣȿȣ岻ѽ֪ش˶·ϷΪ٣ܲЧȮ֮ѽ
ָָǿγ̫ƽ˹꿪ʼ̫ԿطױдͣӴ˱¹øĽʯٺ»֬ࡣŰۣҵʳ͢ٺ»ģ͸þϹͣѽ
ҶСصҵȺ󱲵Ŀģ
ʵصңңϷҲһʱˣѹ´ģϷȥһ£пҶʷ׽׽
ҶСúúã㣡΢΢ͷٲȥĿҶСĶһҶСӰʧԺſڣϼӿ˲ֱ첮ĵǩѺ
ҶСصԼǩѺһſڣһǰˣλеȺþˣ˵Ĺѡ
ҶС찵֣ѣĪˣ
ҶСȻǾ˳ûϹѧ͸ѧҲٺͶ˴򽻵ûͬѧҲûʲôʿֺѣһоٵͬ굹һЩҲһֱûʲô
ǩѺǺ«ƵģſһС䣬Сǵڣһ󿪼䣬߰ӣһİ칫һ׷ҶСķˡ
ҶС߽䣬ͼһȻҶС춨һˣɴһʧгϽϷţżǰСʵˣ㡭ôˣ
ԭǶİţһδװһβͬһҹݷҶС죬װΪ˷ߣδΣԺ׾ܿǸŮˣһһǰġ
ˣֻҪ濴ɿԿóŮˣҲŮൽ˼µˣѹɫֻλŷȻ࣬ǰʶȴ޼ôҲ뵽Ǳˡ
һҶС죬æҶʷһҪ˵
ҶСΣҲðյǰһϳݣôˡ
űŭʲôˣһŮ˼Ҷ£ʲô
ҶСΨпЦ⻰ôôҺûʲô˽飬˵ҶСͲʲôӣҲ˵ģⲻôҶСεص¹ٲǵӰô
ûص˵Щûõġ˸ոյõһҪϢûп֮ˣѾͷȻģȴֲһܽµˣ˵ףֻԳˡ
źլﶼЩͨѾӣܰϢģֵѭǿɳլģɻ·֮ѭΪСȻҪ߰Ľž˿ˡ
ҶСһ˵˽ҲæžԼҲڶ£ʵ֪ʲôҪ£
ŵ첮Ҫ·϶ֽţ׾ȥ׾ֻּҪĴʷΪ˻۶ߣ첮ɲףʷٻ·ִ֡
ҶС΢΢һĿƮһ£첮Ҫ·϶ֽţ٣ǻˣΪһ˽Ҫó͢ڲô
ŵ˵Сˣ㻹ָʲô˵֪Ϣļ٣ҶʷжԲߣ
ҶС˼ص첮ҪֽţȻǳСģô֪ģĪǡǷ첮µڼ̽Ϣ
žصôʱ̽ҵĵôҶʷҵõϢǧȷֻСĽ䱸ˣҿ빲ģѵ㻹Ųң
ԼĵƣȻȫ߱ˣĻкıǮһ˼ң㾫еġҶСЦЦ¹ֻǺˣȻ˲Ը˵¹ٲʱǣ
żҶʷô˰ȣ·ȥѽ
ҶСգգۣ¹·ϣ첮ȻֽţֶҲȻأʱ񲻸Է֡¹ٲڣ첮Ĵ󵨵
űǸŮӣһҶС⻰ɵһϲվֶ֪ǲǣѾӦ֮ߣ
ҶС΢΢һЦҲվˣ첮ĳһȻװ֣¶˼Ҳõ¹͵أˣΰ֪ش
˾ܷģغլȥɣ¹ģв㣬ϳ˵ݣֻ»Ļ¹ٹȻνԷȴĪ˺ˡ
һ£ûصȻ׼ΪβңǱ˾ô½ҪǾðǰ
ҶСЦˣÿ˶ԼܵģϢӺεҲڼֱ¹ϵ÷ֱӳ𣿡
ŵʱ⡭ҡ
ҶСһ˦ӣ˸Ϳ͵ƣߺãͣ
㡭
ź޺޵ض˶ţĹĵشҶС߹Ϊ̫Щǰʱһӿ
·ϣܿͳ״
һɽ´Ա߾Ԩ·ɽϱ߹ʯᾣʮֶͣǰЩ꣬һЩʯ棬ʱǿͨˣϱߵʯȻȹ̣ǡгͨʱȻԳŽûгܼͨÿʼ֯ޡ
һЩͷ͵ϣ֧żӹ²ʱõľϺʯϱȹ涨Ҫһ뻹࣬ʩӿ۷һҶȣһͷ
Ѷ󾪣ϽϵµضΣɽ·УýΣ̫Σգһ·иȥģǺ䤱
ضεͷ˻жΣ˵˵ûСϱͷͣܰͷּʯ״ʯϹˡ
޲ɽ·Ծ͵ȡģһЩضҪôûдʯϣҪôͱϿĵ·ٿΧʯͷԷ·̮Ҫӱ𴦿ʯͷ͹
첮Ķ·ʯľ񶼷ֱаˣЧҲԶһȺ۷ʲôҪߵĶ࣬ǰЩ˲ܳȣɣΥԼ⳥ʿҲ˵ɲ㹻ʯϣ߲ܼʱ͵ָ·ΣƾԴ壬ǲͨڡ
ôһΣϳô⣿
Ҳ֪бΣѹŻ˵˵Ǽͷ̼־ǲӣû£ŭ·ͨ񣬹غǰ߽ʿİΣȡΪ𣿡
ƿɲ»ⶥñӣүɲô˵ѽСˣ겻ɾ겻ɣүɲѹˣүǲţԼ֯ȥԿ
δˣͻȻܳһˣиֵһֻһѩۡһ죬һɫѪֱ죬ƵӻֱͦͦվǶһֻűȻƣͷ­Ȼ䳾
һʣֻѻ羪ôľӦǲиֵ͵ϵĹͷ⧲ͷҲأ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼᷢ飬һʱ·ϼٺȫΨɽХ
ɱˣɱˣ
Ŵͷ͹ڵϣѪܵʬ˭Ҳû뵽̫үĸɱˣɱˣǵûʵοȡ֮ôɱˣ
ͷѪѻҲŴˣһһ̤մˤȥʹˤǡ


23 ӭ
֪شսսأȴǹϵĹؼڣʶһӦս½֮ǰһʵսʱơ͡㣬ɱ⣡
˾Ѫܵĳ棬Ѫŵ滺£ʹ֣䵽ϣѪ֡
翴˿ˣʶĸӲߣҲ࣬ݵģȴһӣͦ⺷ġ绹ûۼɱˣһĻŵսսģ⡭˭
ѭɫҲе԰ףȻ֪һ̣ۿͷأղŻ˵һͻȻ׷ּңˣִ̼ġɬ˿ĭԻˣлӣǱһ죡
ԳԵصôغ󡭡ûп
ѭǱְӶһУǱزۡ
ĲһҲʮһ˿ڣǷɢסڸɽ꣬ƾʮ죬ȻܹÿضдİУΪ죬͢ǲϿɵģɵطԳʽ
һ۲죬ĵ߯Ҳ⺷һͷƤգһͽ
ʱԱЩѾסˣ֪ĸɱţѾɱˣһ̯̯ѪƵӻһûһµس鴤̫ˣ̫ˣ
ȺбһЩ׼ϽͣɫĹͷʱ˫ϥһ̡߲͹ȥȱĵСһȷɹ̣ҳ֪شүģ
Ц˼ҶˣǮǮˣ˻ȥ°չټһҪǮҲòаһҲӦ׷׹򵹣ߵͷ絷⡣
֪ؼһסЩˣͷЩϲǡɱˡвѽ֪ؿûգȻоȨȨڻʵǶʵһɱˡ
Ȼ͢ȨҲ಻Щ»ǿϷȨģսʱͻʵʱȨʱ򡣱Ͼһζȳܹܿ͢һһأƹϲ˶ˣԱطԱר֮Ȩ
ֻǡսʱսػԶأӲҪѺػսɱˣ͢Ͽǿ϶Ҫϱ͢ѽ
ܰͷǰһˣȻǺزսսսϢϢأ˵սҲΪųܹ͢ġ
֪ʱ飬ֻһ϶Ļܰͷôһ˵԰ɱҲɱˣֻҪ͢ϿɣǾû⡣
̫ү̼۷ȵ꣬ͷγûлֻǿûа취ΣҪٰЧ󣬴˰ԷĻǲӣɨˣҪЩ˹ԹֻøֶΡ
͢ĻϿɺذԼΪսܰͷգҶСҲûȷǳзǳ£ķǳʱڣҶСûһķֻ߽⡢£ĽУ·ܵӰ첻ɱ⡣
ȡⳡʤҲǰˣһ·ܵӰ죬һᶪְٰģ⻹ڴʤ̵£ս²ǰʿ϶ںڱϡ
еìܶἯںأ֪ʱͲǶְٰôˣͷ˽սʧԭ򣬿¾ǾĹټҲʵˡ
ɻˣ죬ɻˣذ·޺ãӹ̺ãûóԣͷͷɱ˵ĺһɣŵһȺ۷𹤾߾ܡ
ԭǸɻɵ²ڵҲͲȥһ㸡Ǹһ°ѳ̵ľóˣЦ̫үĸҶӰͷʬ廹Ѫ֮ء
Ѫ΢΢һЦ۽ȴû𼸵ЦƣᣬƤܽȻһʵʮ꣬ʵϸոʮˣƷɻĺء

·ϸɵȻ죬һ·ε¼Ѹٴط·Ѿû˸ҹһ¶ˣû˸ҹ£еĹͷĵĵط·һ⣬ü۵Ļ֪ػ᲻᲻ɼ
·ַǷʱ򣬺ļҴլһԺҲǷǳ֡ӨӨŶڻľȦϣ˫ֱϥǣǶƲţŬһ޵̫̫ģϧΪӣôĿɰ
Сޱһװ۾°ͣŮû𣬻СޱӨӨȭһ˹˹ĵصϷˣСҶС죬Ϊݺ
ӨӨϽڰֵɲɣٶСˡ
СޱæĿڵǣСҶС죬Ϊ֪ͭ˵ȥӨӨӨӨ룬ҡͷСˣСôֻһСС֪
СޱǡСΪݲʹ
ӨӨҡҡͷɣʹĶһѺӣӵͷˣ̫ˣ̫ˡ
С·һֻĿȸƵģŬͷ죬Ǵվ
ӨӨ̸ģĴС˵ŮҪ֣Ҫܰڳһų޵ӣᱻҿһҪС·°ԽԽߣͶȺܺãԴöѲ۶ˡ
ôͷǺģСޱһٹ˹أС·ͷˣ߹һѰӨӨҾһ˹صϷˣСҶС죬ǽͷ״ԪԪ˧ԴӼӨӨʹһ飬ӨӨＰ֮꣬δ䣬ʶðţżٱ֮
ӨӨЦտãã
СޱصС㣬ôͺˣǿ״ԪģҲкöϰʮţܵԪ˧ģһѺӵͷˡ
ӨӨ۵˭˵ģ㿴Ϸ̨ϣ״ԪģᣬӢԪ˧ģǸӨӨԽ˵Խģһ˫ԲԲĴ۾һ˫ô˵ɣ
СޱһС㣬ʶӦҵģҲҶСţ
ӨӨͷѽǺ鷳ⶼݲãˣݣϽأȺơ
С·Ͱ͵صС㣬Ҫֱ붴ˣү˹٣СҪȥϲء
ѽҲɣ붴ӨӨ̫̫ˣһͦԷץһ첼͸ǵͷϣ붴ɲС·硣
ԷѾϰ߰Ҳ֪ٱСޱͷɫСعӨӨ°ͣٺٵġЦСӣޱȻΣΪ޸ǳţ٣ٺٺ١
С·εط˸۶ôһˣ˼ҸϾ͸ϳˡС·һڽϣֻ¶һ˫ƯĴ۾
ĴС˼ô׾ͼ޳ȥģһҪиɻ°ߣȻĵƥɱϳһսܲɻȳɰ
ıӡ˸ߴ۶Ȼ󼱼һԵС·֣汿˼ѡ
С·˫һţ˸ӥ׽СĶҴҲСӣ㻹ǹԹҵѹկȥɣѽѽѽѽ


24 檶Ȩ
ӨӨִ˲ƣغС·СޱŹҼƵĳϷСŵһյҶС쵱ǰĴû˴ļ˵һ׵¡
ӨӨǶҶСäĿܵĵز˹ٳƶȣϾ˾Ůĸϼƶˣʮ䣬ܷҲָµΡ
Ʒ٣ʵȨٱȵһƷʵȨĹٻ磬οΣҪʵȨƷĹ٣ôô뿪ҶСʱȴһӣ·ŰĿһ͡
̬ʵֻǲҶСܡޣϣһ漣õĽ֣ܣ͸ҶС˽һͯģζҲһͯ
ˮִСܵҽ̽ŮУЩԶҲԽģܵĽĵһû׵Լʱһ԰ԼԼĺܺá
ǶӨӨ˵ƻغϰҪѡĻҪͼ˷ֿһʱ䣬Ļˣֲǵ꣬ԣʱһҪ֣һҪܰ֡
ӨӨѵͷʯͷǰ棬ƹȥˣԲһţҲʹ˻ͷһ˵ҶСǺģҶСҲһ׷ˣǲͬǣҶС£ƺƹǿʯͷһȥ
ںܶ˿ǲܵģҶСľة漣ľֻһǿةֺľֹ̫֤ѶѲˣҶСֻҪľٶԸة׶ˡ
첮ȻҶСԸǣֻùٳ򣬿ڹٳ֮ڣ¹ǺѻϹٽλģõľͬھΪᴥԱеһɣûϲһ·ϵ
ⳡУòٳеġ塱塱ڹٳУȰеĵú嶼Ҫöࡣ£ٳеġ塱ûзͣûӦеãΪǵĶֻںһأ֪ػ翸ͷϵ졣
һ죬˻֪һжʱͻ֡ȻصһĲûˣʲôؾ˴ƵģǸʵ㵽Ǹλųɡ
主ֻͥǹԱͥң˭լսĸ鼫亱ټôϾ͹ʸΪ̸ʷˡ
ΪʲôΪǧȨᣬΪ˼ͥȹ̣Ѿγһ׺ܵļͥƶȣ檵ĸ졣Ҳ˵޵ĴӵкͷҲĵλ㿷֮ޣҲܵı
ɷҵĸĸ֮ģȫɷϲþɴ˾ͿԿԵ𡣳˵޲檡ָλĲָ࣬ɷеĳ谮̶ȡ
ƫС檼һֱȻѹҲһֲܵıȻ檸ޣڷƶȺͷƶȣ޵İȱ˶ûĸ檸ȱޣɷ򶼲ң¡
Ҫĸѹޣȡ֮޵ҰˣۣһûãΪ޵ͷйţŲͬ⣬ܳΪޣű壬һ檵ûκԴһɫŮˣܻùſģ˵ͬ⣿޵ʩǵŭԹˡ
⼸㶼ƽȥˣ߻йٸأޣٸҪģΪΥģܰƽٸٸ֮⻹Ӵѹĸ檵ЩȫƽˣҲûҪȥ˵ˡ
һֹϵңǾ˿ܣΪɹĽǳΪĸµʺͷѾûܹԼĹšͷ⡣Ȩһ̶Ȼߵλߵһ̶ȾͿƻصԭ
ССصȻϻı׼ͷϻʮ죬ԣҶС첮ġ֮УһʧķС޷ս
ҶСĿȷ˿ɨص¬ͷǲаģҶһܹȡʤľΨǵһĿ֮ˣʲôҶ˰첻ء
ܰͷһЩҶСܹ첮ĺõľžǴﵽһƽ⣬ĿȴǡʧܣԡȻ˻޷˵ظҶСһߣʿΪ֪
ѭͬҶСܹ첮ģǵ첮ĺ֮󣬵ҲվҶСһߣҶСĽΣΪĽǰһģҶСΨһϣ
ҶСɲԷƱҪǻ첮ޡ̫ܣǸɷҲҪȵ£Լ죡
־ɲǶ첮ģصĻүҪʵǣҲҪƷ٣ӭȢӨӨšѾݣҲˣҪﵽļҵҪ󣬹ӭȡӨӨֲӨӨĿǷ
֮нµԴǲ׶õģһξͱһ֣ⲻԶҲáΪøҪڵϣԸ첮ôɫֵƾ
ҶС췵غغһȭƺ첮Ĵȫûл֮ˣʵ첮ļ׼Ҳͬ޷Ϊƾǻ粻վ硰վˣ
ҶСˣݣһϣ첮ľûΪ֮ϻθߵĵȼҲһӦĹѹ
첮пҶСһȨС檣ڵǣ޶ȨɷСҪץӦеȨ첮ĺͬ޷ø߲εĹƶԷ
ĿǰҶСƺѾռϷ磬Ѿ޻֮ˡ֪ȥ·ÿշ紵ܣУ֪ز࣬һгֵ⣬ȷ·ͨѪܵͷһ£Ǹɵɫ
ںлĳܵҶСǿѹҪõаæʱʲȻͽ߳СˣǶȮڲصȨ֮ҲǾչˡ߳С⣬ǳԲôĻǾͶԲˣⲻˣֻȥҳںл磬һܺͳл籣һݽ飬һǵĺ̨ɽҲϵ
ĺλ뵱͵ŹȻǿϣ޴Ǹ̵ţҲвͬ࣬ҵȻóҲøһϤ˽Ĺ̡
ԼĲҵķǣ˴ҪʱӶǶ£ʵڹ˼ô࣬޴ΰɸɹɣΪ߳еĴ󵱼ˡ
ĺ𩲻ķдʷֺ죬ȻˣҲ˿ڳЩʱչ˽Ի椡ΰѲڵõɸɹɣΪ֮һ󣬶ԳиעȫѪѳеĺ
ÿ˶ʺڣ·ɾΰʺĵطҶСҪͱԼһװףװײڹٳϣ׿ԽΰҲʹ˽ߣҶС쿪ʼˡ
첮ĵȻľʹʧܣǸϰİϷһξ͹ˣϣû֪ѶˣȻˣ仹иҵֶΣȴͶˡ
·ɻˣѾеһݹͣΪġ˳ֻҪս²ҾʹĲǾ͵û֪ضףҪǴݣ۹;ٲһݡ
·ƻ¾޷䡣һսȡþʤĹؼֻܷոһˡ⣬ġɱﵡɱѾ˲òʱ


25 ݡ
һдˣ첮ľ壬ںʵʩߵĳԺشдûŽأҪдĳֱ̫ףмѾѻʵ۱µ嶼ˣֻҪʵ۲äһöʵ۵Ȼä
첮ĵĲˮƽȻͷһд裬ǹʽȻģҪô飬֮Լ壬һҪԭǣȻֻҪǻʵĹԱʸӽ裬һССةֱʵ۵ӣԹʵ֮١
һСٶʲôԽô˾ֱʵʾأͬǹٳɣο첮Ĳһ٣٣͸ɻˡ첮ҪȷϵľǣҪҪ뻨
ȻĿΪȻϻ磬ӡ٣ֻҪϣ׹Ȼǻģ첮£οĶͷ
һ첮ľҪ˵Ϊʲôͨӡ١޼ɵڮٻ磬Ȼôôֻǵòʧʵ²õӡ
ڻܣ͢ţֻ԰ʾһ£ʵۺڸͻĲѣ֪ش̫ˣһй޹ǲ֪شʵ֪ش̫û
Ҫȷһ£ҪҪ
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첮ľҪԭһ壬ֱ˿̲˾ϡ첮һˣҪһ֣صǩ֣ة첮ģ
첮ûͨվ飬ԶǸ޺ةѾĴģǰʱ·ϣڻ;ʵʶ˼ˣҪƹվͨҲ¡
跢ȥˣҪֻǵȴȴĹУҶСţʲôϵأЦˣյʤߣЦģһ

ҶСʱЦп͵ţ˵аڳһġҶСةЦ֣СܲںЩʱգңңٳϣʵǸмѽ
Զ͵ܿˣҼͬ꣬ͬΪ٣Ӧ໥չ˲Ŷԣο׾࣬ȴͶһ꽻ˣѵѽ
ҶСһۣͥԺչǱ̸ʮǢŮˣһͤͤһС磬һ͹£Ŀ
ңңһɡСؿۻ׽Ū˵ȪһٹǼЪȪӿϾͿЦܿȻΪʪ˴Ƭȴ²
ҶС΢΢һЦ׶ԶǰҼͬ꣬ͬţӦ໥չ˲ǡԣм£Сܵ˵ףСܡڵĳԨԴС֪ġ
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Զ΢΢һаĲ豭ʱһͣȻΪҶС飬⻹һҪ¾泣˵ÿ´ТڱҶСƵû⣬ֻܹӲдȻҪˡ
ҶСϿҵصС˵֪ڵĳйϵǾǳķˡСȻ֪ΪȴѳڵĳлĳһԴأСʵп԰
Զ΢΢һЦ͵ˬ죬ΪҲͲҴˣִ˴εţȷʵҲԭڡȴ֪͵ʲôԣԸꡣ
ҶСԶһ裬пصְСܲںЩʱգ߳бż֪ġ߳СܵļСֵܵ⣬СǣۣСܼȻˣȻûһ
Զ׵Ȼֻ͵ܲںЩʱգةһְѳִֻ֣һةֻԱǶԿҪά߳Ҳֲ޸ϵ
ҶС֣̾еСȻ׵ģǣСЩȴδףǿֻһ£Ǿ첮ĺȨʱڵĳв˿Ӱ죬СȨʱڵĳлһǵƽôˣǸɴҲͶ£ܿ첮֮ͺˣСܲܲǵĸܰ
ԶףҶСڱ̬ˡһֱһֱȽϳȻ̬Ҷ֮УҷԴҶС첻ˡ
һةȻޣԶıвңͷͬСˣҪԶЩʲôֻҪվ׳ҶСƣһЩڹ£һѹ
ҲǸʱˡ
ԶеĲ豭ת⣺⣬ȻԱֳȻݣȴҲԶ޷УܶԺ̫Ӱ͸档
Ȼȷ·ˣһޱʱܹ֤·ȫ򲿷Ϊã˭ոȨأԶҲΪؾص
ǣҶСվһվ첮ĺȻһưͿǲܾʹ䣬Ƿ˳ɹʱԼҲҪԼѹ
ҶСԶ΢΢һЦ豭һڣ˹صȻҲֻһֻҵֵǿбףСߣûԿ
·ϵˮĺܣһǳԲµģսƵԣʹһе͸׽ˣȹЩʱǵˮ׬ˣԹҲСˣʱСٰѳںлҲû˵
ԶֻпЦ·׬ǮľǾ䣬Ϊ·У͢۷򲢲ϤĵΣͨ䲻ΣգٶҲ
Ϊ˱ǰߵĺڹֻܴ͢õصĹǮҲѰʱڵһսƽϢǾʹõķչʹһʵĻᡣ
壬Ļ꣬ڸĽϣܵȣܵôתͶҶС£ոսʧˡοʲôʱǹЩʱգ仰̫ûˡ
£ұسɶͷ뱣ֳȻݣǺҶС춷һҶСֱұ̬Ҳûбѡˣ˾Ҳңֻǣڵݣ֮𵽵÷ǳްҶС촦ԻǵҪȥкͼأ
²͸Ĳ²͸ҶСпգѰ²͸ǾͲˣԶлתľƱͣˣ̧ͷ侲ضҶСִӴվ͵һߣǷ͵ܶأ
ҶСЦú죬Ȼҳһˣôٷֱ˴ˣ
ԶüͷһãǾһˣ
˰Ѳ豭һԲƣһ


26 ͼ
ȴ첮ĺѰɱѾȥˣҪãҪһʱ䡣һܷãģȻӽӲ˽λӣһ˵
û˲뽨ҵǧ˵ĺȨλٻֿɵãģҲΨпʷĹҵˣһոĻʵۣԽ̻֮ģ
ʵ۵Ĵ֮ǰֻҶСĵ˵ָָ㣬Ĵ鵱ȻòȻͬľȴҪݵĶࡣ
һͻƣӲԸվǰͷֻ粻Ըͷ³еΣΪһӡ٣²ͷΨһĽֻǱ˼ܿա
ȻĻʽվǰͷΪں֣վǰͷҲԣٹⱻ첮ռȥˣʱѹȻҲҪ첮ܡ
Թۣ첮жͱҶСѪѹ֮Ϣ㲻òһ첮ĳ׵ºԼĴˡѾ̤ǲˣ·ԸԸ⣬ֻȥ
ҶСռϷ磬ڶԷͷʱսڼֻü䣬ĵݷŶԷʱֵĻᡣ
ʱ򣬾Ÿߺ;ŵ糾͵ظϵҶ
ǾŸߺ;ŵԼҶС켸˸ˡչ书չҪ֣չҶСʶʱ߾ʹǡ
չӨӨʱûдǣ֮չӨӨ̼ңܵҶС죬͸ûȡϵˡ
չҿչ£ȴӶһŸߺ;ŵɾͿˣǴӺҵأִӺ׷ȥ꣬ǵ˽ʱչѾӽ˺أ˲òӽٸϻ
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С磬治ߡչؿҶС졣ײŮһСģǻ
ҶСھͿҪˣϧذչ§ڻοûµģֲ𣬲ǻȥμ󲮵ٵôٵ֮ʱԻҶĴԶ㳨
չС첻˵ҶС̾˿Се⣺ȻĸԱӨӨǿ࣬ɱϾҲŮ˰ǿƵŮˣǰҲϲèһܸοŮ˵ܰ
ҶС㿴Ҷʼ뽳˸Ľհ԰ˣǰϲøĽģߵĻҲƽˣҪĽһ䳡Ϳ԰ȥҲסˡ
չǲ˵ͷҶСĻӣƺҶСŮ˵ˣ֮Ȼãչʪؽ֮ǰҶСϵؿʼ֮
ڲǸССʷļ׺ѣչҲף㲮̫޸˭Ҳչҵ粻ǣһúŬģ
ȢһλŴС㣬ȻãҲûУȢλŴС㣬ǾˣҶСȻѾ͵˼ҹķģȴҲ¿ѴܹۣҲǻ᲻ϳɳģµĴٷ
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ȻҪһ㣬ҪȼǿԹƽ̵ĿƣҪһ㣬ͬҪӵиǿ򼴱ڷһУԹԻȥߣ˴Ҳ
չǲ˵ҶСһᣬųɱﵣļ׵ʱҲչףòã
̸ܣǲǴ󻰣Ȱ忪˵ѹѣȺһңһף鷳ͬ٣ʱϢصһң˼һҪڻ飬Ǿ͸鷳ˣĪѹһ
ҶСҲˣչСĴС㶼ްĸԣɽ̫ܻᱻԼֻҪԼҶС컹ûʲôġ
˵ģڣչ̧ͷЦտаۡ
ҶСһϵˣ
չĺܣŲҶС仰ǲǶķܣ˵ˣ˵˾Ҫ㻰ܽӨӨͬϲһˣȴ޷Ǹ˳ΪɵʱֻĵضԼĹ뷿޷޹ȥһ죬ӭĳɣɵķӡ
֮ҹøӨӨûϵҪһΪӨӨĺãǣԺ󲻸ӨӨ̫࣬ǺýãӨӨòŴĽᡣһҪԣϵŮ˴಻ϲԷǴ඼ϲԴףҲ⡣
ҶСҷһΰɣΪ˲ɣ
չ˿ΪңΪӨӨŵ֮˼ͲΪ𣿡չ˫һܿ֡ܰ˳ȥŸߺ;ŵŰԺ
չˣߵĺܿģûһ㱯ˣҲûһѾõҪģϣҲ˱ͷ

չϣ뿪˺أ첮ȴڿȺϣ
첮ĵͨ䣬ٶʹ˾ǣʵİմϲת񲿣顣ʱУͬʱҲԨѧʿһλϡ
žάڸ׸ʱͬΪϵѾְؼˣһλǿҲѲڸĩʱоͳ˴θ
ڸ׸άͽžžҡһ˵ɵ䣬ڮžžȻܵϴɻд൳ڳ뱣ɷ뱣ܿҲˣǱʱԱ
ʱвͬάǴθʵ۵Ҳȷʱв̫ȷرԼ̬ȣȨƺ͵λһˡ
ظž׸ڼʵֵģԿ첮ĵ󣬲ʵ۴ϲ˳ºһش֣ʱҲеǳˡ
žһϵ㻹ûнִδʩڳУʱоôɣʵմ֮࣬һЩžĺȻݴ˲Ϊž˵˶ٻЩơ
ԣʱмͬ£Ϊ׸άҲٱʾˣԳ͢Ѹ˻ӦǲղϸأΪӼ֤ⲻڿشʷʱ̡
ʱҲղ´һݹ첮Ĳο㣬ͬʱҲ֪ӽɳղ飬ҪܳﱸذѴ°档
ةǩѺһƬףة鲻ã¶СҲҳ·ةǩѺһƬַΧӰ죬Ҳ˽Ų
뿪һյ蹦ڼͻȻһ}˵ĴЦǶԾ̧ͷĺǷЦةģô£Īةѹ̫ãѾô


27 ذ
첮ķ񲻶ϵشЦǶվҪҪڼ䣬Ȱѷ˷ةɳʲô̫Ƶ˷䵹Ѱҹʱ첮Ĵǵشڼ˳
첮⣬ſһվü۽ǾƲסϲģе衣ļСĽ䱸ţةҧһڡ
ڼ˷е첮Ĳû˵ĹŹ֣緢ؿʼǲˡ
ɻ룡
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֪ͨƣ̵ԱڵĹٵƽѸٵˢᡣ
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֪ͨƣѡ˼ң׼μһʢĻӭмǣҪѡգǽʱΡͬʱû֪ͨʿһμӡ
첮˷ܵԼԪ˧Ƶǰȥƴϣ
ְڣ
һ뱾һݹ档ţһ磬ٴһˣѸկﳤկկҲҪ
һƴϵɫ첮ıصһЦģǻġͷ˵ԣ
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֪ͨƣȫһ򱾹ٵǲͬʱȥѧѧ͹衢ѵң
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𻰵Ѿ͸һ˿ҲٹǴһ˿ܡⶼˣҪɸ£ңѲ˾ѧ͵ôΪ̫ү
Ҫ˵ЩţǲҲվҶʷֱԽҶʷȥָӣָӲʣةıҶʷ̼ˣϧˣǱáһѧȻ
Ҳѹ۹ְҶʷߣ۲ѧҶʷǿռƵ£ȴҶʷ۸˭ƣɡԼɷӣҲδ̫ЩתͶҶʷ£᲻հ
첮õСӴ˿תЩʲôͷ첮ĵתķɿ죬ڼܡϸµ˼εȫʢ°úң;Ĺؼʱ̰
첮ĵñƵȥϵѲ죬Ұ磬Ѳһ̲󣬷Сɨóκμ֮
߷壡
߷ӣҲվ˳
첮ĵȥ֪ͨǿѲѲߣ֤ΰؤ룬аհ
߷ĸ֮һﲻ첮ĵˣҪְ̫Ǵȥаɡ
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첮ʧЦ߷壬㵷ʲôĪǷ˰ɣ
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һݾױдĹ䴫ɧԽԽջ۳һ쳹ߵĻܣ۵ǰҲ̧ͷڿüˣ
ʲôģ٣ǻڴʧʱةͷ۸ˣʲôҶʷʲô֪أة֮£ݿһ㣬ͳͳɨ
ةǩѺȫ߳ˣ

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СѾͷڵϯʦɲֹһˣнʷӼʫʸ踳ģнٻ滭ģÿտγŵĺңңһ٣ʱ
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С磡
ңң̧ͷһЦտ˶һͦҪɸոƣְˣҶСͷ˼һйûأԼ棬˼æ㡣
ôңЦ֮࣬ҶСҲЩ壬СûвϲˣģܶຢӱҳŶѧϰңңȴɣÿ찲Ķһɣ˶٣̫̿࣬Ϣһϡ
ҶСѲңңߣ̽ͷ˿ңң֣ÿֽ淴涼дӬͷСģѾдʮҳˡңңѧϰרעҶСߵߣûв
ҶСӣڨڨߣðɣСѧϰӦֵ֧ģһȥˣɣϷǳִ˲ƣģٺ٣
ҶСߵңңӵԺ䣬ոƵ£˵ҶСӶڣʮͶҶĸ콨衣Ὠ÷ɿ죬漣ضһլȻû⣬һЩϸ´û̫ˡ
ʱ䣬ȻҪһЩ͸죬ԱﵽƾЧŮ˶ڸԼļ԰ѰȳŮһһ˵ʮҡ
ҶСŷжûȥţ⣬ŮڣйʱŮ˴ӲղͬģŮȫעڼʱҲȥţء
ҶСתߣŶһһѾ߳һҶС죬ȵصͺһҪҶС΢Цذڰ֣ˣæҪ
ҶСصԼס룺ңңæ֣æŸСѣүøɵʲôźãˣҲȥɡȻ֣ɶܲǻ
ǣҶСС˸һ͵鷿ҶСߵ鷿øαһţ£˳ֳһδ˼ҵзʵݵǷʲʤ£ݲ¶ǡֻҪݵ˾ͺˡ
ҶСͷΪȻ⡶š˵еݾ˵ӣʱ첮ĽӵϢѾֱ֪Ѹٵ͵˵ϣԼͬ뵽ҶС죬˼裬ֱ


28 ֮һ
ҶС챾ĥʱ⣬ǻдü컣ҶС쿴˼£Щ鶯б룺ݸú˰ɣ
չߺҶСڸ޹˼ɣͬ齣򽻹ɣöҲ֪ٻˣСݽҲƷζҶСǵȤʱɷ飬Գ
֨ѽһſˣ΢ҶС쿴ټϴʱˮģδ
ݷҶСӣԺѾἰүæһѻɡϹҶС鷿
ݰɡ𣬸űߣƹһϰһյƣҶСڵ¶飬ʮ֪ʲôЩԥ뷵˳ȥҶС̧ͷһϲüҡ
ݣ
ҶС춪֣ݱɵ߹ȥ
ʱֻһϮճӵĳ̬ҶС¶ȣѾԳŮҵķ飬ɬĹӽгζ͸һķ顣
ߵ鰸ǰվסˣҶСԼĴЦ
ؿЦ𣺡Ͳ˼һȥСʹѽһδˣͱҶСһ˹ȥĽ˽Ļ
ͻ۸˼ҡ
ŤƨһȻһƵҪҶСĴζС
ݵˣԳԵصôô죿ζӲģû֪
ҶСٺЦΪҵݹƯˡ
һڣȴǻϲҶСץ̽ҧŴҲͰư͵˳˽ȥһֻ΢С֣ĵظȥַȻɬҶСȴ쳣̹
棬ҶСȴҲûţݵ֪㱻ȥ¶ѩ۵ļ־׻ĸоҲˣҶСĿⲻ
ҶСҲȥȹֻȹ۱һãСѾͷ׼Ƶģ߾Ȼû㣬黬ֽʵѩη۹£·ոճͷٳ֦СǾġ
ݣҡ
ҶСݵĶ˵ĺ촽һõ壬ڰصС磬ҪҪô
ҶСЦﲻôһԼǣ¿Ҫӭȥ

ŷһ˳ԷÿֻٷԴȫҵҶ£ΪĸƣҲҶϰߣʼһˡֻΪһ˵˳ʱҲԽˡ
ҴСʮˣһɷ̧꣬ƨȥʢŶӣЦǸͰڵķһˡŶôܳԣȴرĸˡ
ӵͷȻܳЩˣҪǸƵģǳ˵ö
Ц۶ӡСӣܳԶپͳԶ٣ǼҸҶү˺ӹķǹܵġ
ʱ򣬸ŵŻߵˣڷ֮УȴҲ쳣
æ·룬űߵɡֹظϳȥţ֣ƽʱѵп͵ţôƫϹηҹ˵أ
һŶſڵһƣͼһ£һģм죬ǰЩһλյӰҹǸˣһƾǸˡ
ȵصѽ㡭㡭㡭
ĳһӡŮϴȴǴװҪڲݡҲ֪⸾ԼүʲôϵԼүٶĲ٣ȴûˣ˵
׵ģɲ˵ƣƺɾͲ׿ˡ
ż죡ϴȥү
Ŷúã룡
һλλŮװĸ֮ԼүǷԸģʲôʱֻҪˣͨ򲻿ɵ飬Ҷ˵ĻһʥּģĸΥ
ϰһţǷ룡
ҲլȥЩ·ϣ紵ɹĺ࣬Ȼۣȴ쳣ĸˡ
Ů˾㸴ӵɷæҵæù˲ϼңԹλ̫Ҫɷڼֻ̫ûϢ
Ȩᣬ೬ȻŮ֮ϵȨȴҲͬʱ˸κҪͲһɹˡ
һʼҲܵ첮ĺɷܶ鷳첮ʧһԺƺҲѪܵͷסˣҲûˣʲôУڼﴫϢҲˣŽ
˭֪һ˵Ϣȴڷ͵˺լһ׺䶥뵽ΨһҶС졣˵ֻһб½ÿҶСĪǣҲˡ

鷿ﴺޣз겻ϣں촦´үйţ
űһӲʣȴŮζ𣺡Ҷʷĳм˵һƷţ˽
תͼҶС鰸棬Σֲ;Ų΢⣺ûλҶʷȻǸϲġ
ҶСţƺǳȣʧѽˣ㡣㡭ôˣ죡
ΪھҶСƺˣŸ鰸£ҶСƺæվЩصˡ¹پʵʧˡ
Ŵʱںʧʧ񣬵ҶʷؿˣɣҪ
Ŷúã
ҶСæ£һСģһֽڵϣҶСæȥ񣬳ǿߴ鰸ڵţذѿȴûҵ
ŤͷǽһбųηõСľֻһֻͰæ߱ܵǶû¶һƬ½ǣҶСŷġ
ҶСӣһкμ£ҹãһ꣬ҶСе죬еƹӳţŵҲԡ
żеصҶʷ˸ոյһϢة׾˽賯͢ƫƫֲ͢飬Ҷʷةһƣ밡
ҶСЦˣûͷûԵһλ¹ףĪĪ
ųס첮飬ܵʵֵ֧˵һ飬ҶСɫ
첮ֻռ˹ҲûʲôֻԼʧȥһν׵ĻᣬĽġǣͬΪ٣ӡ٣һȴĸֵģζʲôζʧְ
ҪʵۿڣʵֻҪ첮ģǶ㻨񶨣ʷ̨Ȼ⵱ʧְɡң첮ĺѾͷʱ᲻侮ʯ
ҶСšüͷƺ˼ԲߣҲҴţֻϣĿⶢֻ
ţʲôζġƺ
Ϊ꣬鷿ŴգҾڸղţҶС컹ںڵأһҵζſɲδµĳһͲ졣ʱע⵽һЩɵ㣬ϱȽңҶСЩңĪ
һ뵽ȣڴʱڶҲðŷҶ


29 ֮ڶ
ȣҶҶʷжԲߣ
ŵ̬ЩƾһŮ뵽鷿飬˿Ҳ᲻ڡֻǣ˼Ҽ˼ԼŮϷʲôָġ뷿֣֮ڻüߣ£Ҳֻ֪
Ŷ
ҶСع΢΢һЦĪ¹ٿҪոգҲô׵ġҪ֪ɽ׸ģƣϰ׷ˣ˵ľ͸ģةֻЩ뵱Ȼˡ
ŻΪʲôߣû뵽ȴǼϣ첮ĵ뷨ܳɹûصҶʷһ򣬾һߣةôȻ鳯ֻ͢Ѿ˰ա
ҶСҡͷЦ˭Ҳ˵Լ¾һܳɹ첮һİգǣҲδûӦԵİ취
Ŀһǲܼ첮ĲܳɹӦ֣ƻĴƣ˲ſɱݡ
ŶҶСЩؿţĪǷкð취
ŵһ취ȴҶʷ֮
ҶС΢ЦĿģһֻƤëʡĺ꣬һһ߽µ壺Ҫ̣֪˵ĺð취ʲôأ
ǿ͵鷿ǰۼԼү͵˽ȥ϶֮ضЩͬѰĹϵˡյȥʱ»үĺ£Ҳʡˡ
Ϊ˱ӣҲţתǰլŷûķһ뷹ԾеãöݸԼʢǴű֡顱ߵˡ
չҲⲻ겻ڵģôô֣ö
ץֽɡָϵ£ڻд򿪽ţһվˣȫ£û˵⣬еһͿˣܣزͷλǱص֪شүҪҶʷͷǰ·
ö֪֪شүȰУ֪شүɲһƷСټʵүŵһ飬öҲˮͺˡ
ȥô˾֪شүʱ£ͷ̧ĸϸλںճͼµİŴˣϽ·Ͱ͵ص󡭡ү
˽ţѥϵŢʮ𼱵Ĵ£ȥҶʷ
ǣү룬ŶŶŶС񡭡Сͷǰ·үߣ
ŵ޴룬վǰȥ뵽Լô·æһֻзƵĲܵǰߣ·ǰУҶС鷿ʱ⡱һ£ˣү鷿ﻹһŮأǿǧ𡭡
һ·żˣʱҶСѾһλ͡Ͻɤӽ֪شүү֪شүţҪүӭ
һߺҵؽţһס磬үˣԵȣ
üôţֲǿͷƿ΢ʵҪ̣Ͳؾˡ˵Ű鷿ȥ
鷿棬Ÿոհƺг˵Ȼϸ£ʵܽҲһ仰Ա֮ʩ
첮Ĳ·¹ôΪ·ֽŵı첮գҲ«첮ҵ鷳
ҶС͸կĹϵʮУֻҪҶСկղǰЩӣʱ첮ĿɾһˣνĴǰҲҪΪӰ
ҶС˵ţ΢΢Ц룺Ů˲ֻˣҲǲСȻղǰ滨
ʵҶСжԲߣûغ֮ǰǰɻƷɻغأ첮ڿˡԭĻ˵ܶ꾡ҪʵʩɹҲðϵʱ䡣
ʵʱѾ㳤ˣһְ٣ðʱͰһƷة⵹Ǻεȵı£ֻǣŶԻʧĴ滨ҶСˣһ֣̾ѻװȥˡ
ʹû·ֻӲͷƤǰ壬һƵ첮·ߣֻܲüֶΣҲͼҶСƵĹ̡
ҶСҪߺ֮ˮһطҪһ·ڿӣˮȥڸɽ㵹һӰǸߺƽˣˮӺԭҪҶСƽڵЩС⣬ˮһӾ͹ȥˣҪһؾյˡ
ֻһҶСһЩҲͲôˣΪЩ͵˷յˣδزǶ֣ԱվǷĿڵһ⵶
ԣҶСҪԷƻһͳһִߣԷǲ߻ߣշĿɳ𣬶ԷҲЮ
ǰ԰ðʷһ߻µǺȫںö˶˵ĶͷҲ£ΪԸֶΡ
λŷ˺·һûյϹˣ
ҶСЦ΢΢ģҪ˳ƴӦûڣܻĽ֪شүү֪شүţҪүӭ
ҶСһʧ֪شôˣ
ҲȻվ๫ˣ⡭ô죿
Ȼ֮ǰѾðɷ巢裬ҶСųĻ硰ɽûû֪ҶС˽¼棬һϵеĺˡҲûѰ˼λ޾Ȼҹ뿪ۡ顣
ŵȻҪΪ˺Լɷ¸ȡ֮˴ͬˣȫͬһΣδͬ׳ΪԼĴˡ
ߣڰɷһٶȴùģЩٶȳֵĿܣ类ɷ֪һﻹл᣿
ͬʱҲȴɷģϣԼĬĬŵİɷΪⶼԼŬ
ţԼɷǷȱģֻµŸɷѷֻҪģ߱ɷͻһӺɷ
ɷȻһ߽Ϸһˣ
⡭ô죿
Żŵ޴룬ڣȴҲһ֮ȻһƼǽǵ磬һ֪ǷͰĵطŹϵس˹ȥ
Уˣ
ҶСҲ˲ˣһվһסšॡһſˣŲ𣬻Ҷʷˣ
죡£
ǧһ֮ʣҶС˲϶룬æһŵļ˼һʱҲ̫࣬˳ƶ£ص¡
磬һҶС죬󲽳Ҷʷ˳ȣ


30 ֮
ˣôˣʲô£
ҶСһŵӭŶӣ΢΢šţеŹ֡
Ҫ˵ҶС⸱ģҶʷôˣ
ҶС΢صǿɿڣЩΪ꣬δȥɢЩ͡
ŶԭˣҶʷͲҪҿˣ£˵
Ҳ⣬ȥһƨ˸ղλáҶСҰŲ鰸棬Ϊ鷿ףҲûзΪ鰸ȥĵ
һ£;µĵЩȣƸոĽƣȴҲûж룬ֻҶС˵ոյĽϢ
ҶСĿӻûϵأֻԲš裬ӻ䣬ǵߵ鰸棬һʱǿӻ˳ƻȥ״
ӵ¿ɻһأҶСд󾽣ҺҲǰ󣬵ڴйΪˣȴ͵ƵĶ£ּŲӣǡղĿ촦һĴȣ״һӣ뵰Ȼ
ŸˣΪ£ôҲ뵽ľ档Ҫһ๫춼˵壬ƺӶϴˣ֪ˣ󷽷վǶ֪ҲùѿŰյţ㬵ӵŲŲ
ɫصҶʷ²첮ľȻűأ˽͢һ£˵
Ÿո˵Ļ˵һ顣
ǴԶǶõϢתʱԶҲվԹ˵ǼǣΪ·ָ˽չԱҪģûҵ󣬱ͳȥˡ
Զ˹»صվǼǲӣŷֲվ·ϣǽԶõϢʱѾǵϾҪ꣬иҶСţȻֱ֪Ứ죬ԶϾȥһ֪ˡ
֪ڹϵǰܺ󣬾ĵĺܣԶַһŰѻϤ鱨˵֪һľ˰أΨһµĻֻҶС죬Ҳ˲ôðϻˡ
ʵԶֻǹĵĿ֪黹ûŷϸȻֻһ⣬ĵҪȴڱıȫģԶҲãҲգ˶ɵϣЩȥ
ԶĶټԼķжϣһԶ˵ҶСǻغȻ첮ϵ¡ȻղȻǽ飬Ҷʷһ첮ĳɹؾҪһʬλز͵첮һɻڴȴҲŹ㣬첮Ĵ³ɰܣغҶ˵ǰ̣øϽ취
Ŷӵ£ǰһ˴ȣʵǶҶС֮䣬ҶСɷԱ߾ѿʵԱ
ǺˣΪ㴦ʣ˵ôһ䣬ʱ˵ܣ̫ү˾ʼƣѵͲͦһ𣿡
ҶСֹ£ϧֳϥѾ䵽׵Ŀӣһˤֽϧղżŵм䣬ʵڲùҶСֻա
һԻ԰꣬ͬ͢ţ¾һóɡղûǼȻ֪˴£гʱ׼첮°첻ɣǺǣ͢Ѿ󶯸ɸ꣬ʱ͢²̨ʵ۶ӣк³𣿡
ϲҶʷа취񣿡
ҶС¹ٿɲ붼ơ˲ü¹ٺ롣
ҶСһ֧ϣḧͷ˼֪ش˼Ȼˣ⻹ô˵źãһ׮󻼡˵˹ͬܳΪѰ
ǡŷﲻѣ˵취Ի飬ȴᣬֻ²յҲ˵ô󵨵⣬Ǻãôء
ҶСһ룬һ߰ȥһȥĿӣϧñֱƫǿӻһأŶ¿ǺǺЦȻ˼ôǱΪԼײĺ£ֲ˺öģ
ղ˵ʲôţˣؾŮˣҲǣŮ˻ãȥĹ뷿𣬾Ȼ鷿Ҹ㣬дӣʶֶ㿪Щ
ҶСֻȥƴ¹żȥʵڲǷŤͷȥֻ֣ʳָĴָĿᡣ
ҶСֺȻŵ֣ҶСһæһ֣ڳһΣģΪԼС˼ңɲ뱻ΪĴ治졣
ֺֺЦɴѿһӣˡ
ҶСڡ˼ԲߡɲҴšʦ˼Ĵæ֮ҶС飬ڲ趼ûУ¿ĿǽѲ
˵ҶС鷿õͦ¡ȿ˿鷿дµĲãۿЩֻǽϼֻǰ鷨һ򻭼Ʒ粻Ծȣԭ˲Ǹӹţ⼸ֻǼѽ
ţ
ĿһתȻע⵽ҶС鰸ŵǽϷҵһͼǾû续ЩϤϸٿȻԼӵС֣Ŷ͸ģ
šӿŲþƵվƵ鰸෽˫֣ڳһеǽϿ·ǽϻҶС첻ֻܳ̾һ˼Բߵģ
ûŶĻ
𣺡ŶĻô
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ҶС컹עҶС쵹ǽϵĻҶСͲ֪Ǹͼŷ˵ģֻǿվ߽ˣֶµŷˣǿɾˡ
ҲȻ֣̫ðˣһ緢֣û͡һˣҶСȻԼĿӻûᣬϽţӵĿ촦СһЩñ˷Ŵȡ
Ȼãһȣ練ע⵽ˡһ飬ǿҶСĿӶ״Ȼǵ϶ϱСˣǱˡţֿԱ߻һȹգɫǻƣϤĴۡ
Ŵ˷õϢ٣ϴҴҸѾ˶ûֻһ£ȻǲȥŮѵġǰһڣʹȥĴͻͻҲһļǻӣѵŲǰ£ֻ˶̱ˡ
ŶһŶŶ磬ô˲֪ܣ
ƴ˵ԼµǸŮķˣԡţܰͷԾ⣬￪ء
ŮšҶСĿϣŮӶ֮䣬ǡεȲ£뵽粻
ҪظŶһڼһɹϻظŶһ
һҲȲˣҵƣ֤еĲɣΪָ֪֤ȥԣϻȥֻҪŶֻһجˣ


31 ɱ
뵽˴һվΪ̫װ˼ҶСΪ֮һ
ǿеļ־壬ŬƽĿǣҶСҹ꣬·Щضβȹ̣һ⣬زڣӡػϸϻȥҶʷú˼һԲ߳ϸȶ
ҶСȻãʵ¹ѾüĿֻΪȫ跴˼¹õĲˣԻȥ·ѰҴ˹ͬ
ͷתߣһһߵҶʷˣˡ
ҶСܲͣҲ׷ȥñԼҶСվ𣬻첽磬ҶСûӣִټø첲ס㼱׷˳ȥ
ܰͷ£һϵݹ£ӹϣʱҶСҲ׷˳ֵҹ·˻ߣ
ͳһһͷĻܰͷԼߵüϾ˵ҶСͷ⣬漴׷ȥ
ҶСĿʧĻУҵ˿صڣѾصԭλ£һׯŵģֻϷŵĺΣ͸һ˿ͬѰ
һҶСű㼴ҼѶͰ°ɣ빲ҶʷܲҪЭĵطҶʷܿڡ
ҶСͷ¹գ¹ձȥ·һ⣬ΣҪ֪ش˼ģ˷ģ֮첮Ըǣ
׵ɫˣ͸ǡ
ҶСæͷˣ
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һǳһŵĸɽȥϴȻѥӣȴǹѥЩһֱ·æµ´һ˫ѥ·Ծܵ·ʪŢȴҲȻ
ʱһɣЩһӡ߹һƬשʱ汾һЩ̦ˮһʪˣһŻѽһҡ˫վȴЩŤˡ
ܰͷԼæסүû°ɣ
ˣµģҺŷصȥһˣһҪ
ܰͷԴӦһתŷȺ򣬻һȳһյֱԺʱҹѾҲ˯ˣֻд֪ҹ븮ڻƵƵȺ򣬵ȵþˣСѾͷϴ
еƹ⣬бһϲ߹ȥ̽ͷһпտҲֻСѾڰϴ˯ĶȻһĵ¿г˴Ȼһˡ
һҧסȥԷﻹŵƣŽȥûУҲûУѰûУ̲סض
ʵô˯һڻʱ֪ˣǲƺվġôˣŴ꣬ŻܵȥԼҶС鷿ڰµǸŮˡ
ֻһطûȥˡŵ鷿ҡҲ˻ϣ鷿ҾԷԱߣȵľʻǦƵģѵŲȥһǿһˡ
ˣһҲˣҶС참£޳ܻ֮µŮӣһӣոʮɽŴΡΡ鰸ǰ¡
ͼѹԼΪԣǷͼҶСڴֿɼԹŮҶʤôǱɵЦ
Ҳ黭ԵģȻ֪ݻľҶӣ͵ҲҶӣī黭Ԣǹõַʲôճ꣬磨飩ȴ磨飩
ͼ˹ɼ飬Ӧûһ˼ݣҪ͵ҶӣҶʤѽջҶСҶ߷һ죬ΪҶСǿ˼
ˣ
۾ǽϿȥȻǸɽˮͼͼϺȻһӡҶСղشͼʱӸǵĸ˽£ΪǸոոϵӡǣɫǰλղ߼Ӹǵ˽Իһ۾Ϳˡ
ҶС컹ŵĻֻȻվǷֱģ·һͶ·Ķǣ٣֪⣡֪š⣬ǼˡҶʤҶС֪šˣ
˫ֽס鰸ָڴһƬ԰סǺεȵʧܣ٣һֱĿܹ٣ѹһͷةѹһͷһةѹһͷǰгЦʷǰгЦСǰгЦǣʲô
ҶС죬һССʷҲﵽͷˣ˯ŮˣȨûˣȨһֱͲӵйڣӵеģһ˵ŮˣҲ˱˵
ڵѪҶС鷿һĻԽԲԽǲ
ǿŷҵ࣬ŵԶѧһ·šˡʿԶλ޼ηҾô꣬Ƿ޶׵ʱйоأ˿ֵҪ
ͷϡϣµŮˣȴΪһҰˣ׷䣬潼һ̺٣ǺǺǡ
һĲЦǺεʧܣȨԼŮ˶סȨûˣûˣƤҲûˣһŻʲô˼
һץ鰸Ե̨ת⣬ҪԼʺʱԼĴŵ๫ˣ
̨⿰ʺ͵ضסˣ¶һ˿ļµЦ
û뵽ԤĽŶĻ˻˯㻽Ըȥ˯ˣŻصԼұϢű¼ϹһϮ£»ڵˮ֪ɷˡ
Ƶңûˣ鷿Ǳ߻ŵƹ⣬߹ȥ
ˣȥˣΪң΢ЦŴ鷿ӭ
ԽһתæŶȥһ˿ⷿ£һ¶๫ôˣ
ŶΪмҪ£ҶʷɽΪֲŶĴȻˣӣȻҪ
Žص㣬Ϸˣġ
˵˵ﻹġȴĵЦǰϷˣҶСȴǰɣ
Źеصôˣ๫ȻˣڼЪϢɡ
ҡͷˣҹ꣬һ·ٳʲô⣬첮Ŀҳ¶أһȥ·ţȻӾͺã
˫һһЦܰЦҲᣬǼ˶޵ţûע⵽ȼյ档
ҪԾĻͻȻϣԭҶȻһȵĳޡＫطų˴뱲ӵĻ磬һıѪ
˸ҪҪжԲˣбˣͳͳŹ


32 ղ
ڶһ磬ö֪ղݵϢ첮ټǣһܰţȫ붯Աؿʼﱸ
һʱ䣬תԭǶΪҶСתغ뻨֣Ѿة泹״ѹȥԴ·ϼͷ첮Ҳȷʵû˶˭ɳ²֣ôһ֣ղҪ˰
ôأ󲿷ֶղȥССظˣĹԱһӾȻҪӭʹǺε¡غεȷĴ¡
񲿵ĻǸ첮ĵģ첮ľͳȻĸˣҪˣ˭ҲӦҪɹٵ¹ᡢΪղ󳼽䣬Ҳһʱ䣬첮ĲȨȨץش룬ԭռϷĻԷͥˡң·ϣ첮ִ֣֮ˡ
ע⵽Ҷʷһ絽˸î漴뿪ˡҲ֪ȥһԲȥˡһΣ󲿷˶󿴺첮лʲô
ҶС쵹һ㲻šû첮Ǻܷ⣬Ҳȷʵû˸ץȨκεķԻѾʵۺͳ͢Ӹ߲οʱʼصĴ
ǣյĹؼ첮İó²ſԡĻӮ˶٣նüӱ³ҶСıĲ𣬾һȥĿӣʱƻʵ֣ҶС쿪Ļ
ҶСҹŷ򸾽˺£뿪Ҳˣ񣬷˼ĶûϿɡͬ⣬Լļƻȱ˵ҶС쾫׼˼׷
ҶСǴ㲻ܿɹƭҲҪѻƻˡϵҶСϵվº󣬻ҶС쿪ڣȿˡ
Ҷʷҹϸá첮Ĵ˷Ҫ˵ңǸҪҲ۵ʧܣֻдʵĵطֲУ
ҶС΢΢һߵĻ˻ȥŻ˵˼ǣ
͢ں£ԵɺڣϣܹٳɱոգһɣɲǷ˻ڳ͢ԣģ̻ڰ˷ڻ϶ԣǻʵ˳͡ȴ֣˭أǣǿҷԣô
¶һ˿֮⣬΢Цصݱ֪ҶʷկĹϵǳСկǱ岿֮ףһΩհ
ҶС찵ЩԾλ̫үĵʲôʱôˣ£ʿɲͬ첮֮ˣ泯֮͢ơ֮ѽ
ɿշԣ첮ˣɻԭΪ棬˳ղȴͷػȥʱ͢ͻʵ۵ҲҪˡһΪ֪Ǿɱͷ
ȻҶС쵨죬ʹôɡʲôȨӣ͢棬ǸƨûеȻ벻ߵԶܷɽ·ˮšܶľΨǶԶ˹ֶΣǾԲϷġ
ҶСûǸȥǹ£ҲһȨаṴ̊޶ȵ̰ٶԣֻıģֻҪĲ޲Ϊû뵽һСѭ浸صĻ֪ҲĴ㡣
Ҳ֪첮һɹ޷ĻᣬǹҪǽҶС찵ţĸ죬Ȼ˿ڣʡ֪ܶˣҹαɷѿ˵ǡ
ҶСͷǣҲ¶һĨЦݡʱĻ磬ƺͬˣ˭ע⵽أϰꡱ

ʯϽˮˢϴһ顣첮ָŹǰĽʯԸһۣ۴Ӧһһˡ
첮ļææǰߣһһƴϣſڵĹĶô
ƴϵ˷ģȫµģդҲ·ˢˡ
ʱǻȻһ£е첮ĵָ£ǽŵʮֳ׵Ĵɨ
Щŵ˶첮ָӵתɨͽĴˣղҪϵ첮ĴʱƬ̲룬³һ
ſڶϣ۴Ŷ̴磬ڸ߸ߵϣĨǿѾɼ˵ƣмǸ˳ͰȥϴĨˡ
첮ļ״һҴ˳ȥҺһϱһ㸡ңȻŭһȺʶһ̲Ǳ£ҺôôࣿժزһȾ
ةѽЩȶϸ˰ɣºȻһ첮ĵͷһͼҶСվڽǰƲǿһĲм
ҶСЩҶĳͿתˣҺҲҪĲòղҪղ󳼻ȥҺ߸ɲɾ
첮˳ƴѾڨڨ˵һߣݺݵصһۣǸûϢĶбʲôٹձٷɻڴССʷ͸ǲڻˡ
첮һ־ӸµĿҶС죬ȻҶʷղȻǲϼҸɲɾɻǾǺصҫĳΪ͢ΪЧԵĽѵղ󳼿߲ȥͿŪô
ҶСЦЦãôһة⳶ȥˣƺеԶɡ
첮ҲЦ΢еâĹԶôҿԶɣǰ˭õղʹأʹվ͵ʹʥ桢ʥգְ֪ٲأ
ҶС켥ڽصҶ־ԶҶĳ
첮һӣҶʷǸΰģٽ飬ɶôղ󳼾͵ˣʲôղǰٿҲ㡣
ҶС˷ģ¹ٷ֮£Ȼҵ³˲٣
ã첮΢΢һЦڲĵص˴ˣٻղǰһ
ҶС조ϲص棿ѽةǲЯ¹л

٣ٺ١
˲ԼͬЦЦͬթȴ֪кƾѡ
·ٵϣһӹٱһ֧̻ᡢ측ϡԹϡǹꪡơ졭ȫ׵ղ̣ʿǽɾ䣬彣Ӣˬ
ϣ˼һöӿ˼ΣڰһҡͷЦĳˣǹһ
΢΢һЦָ̧̣ǰһִˣվ͸õ˰ɣ
׵һ·Ͷ٣ʵˣ˺رɺúЪЪˡ
ҡͷЦ̸ϣݵطɽˮ㣬һ·ⲻϣĿĳϲ
˵ţŲ߳ȥסĿԶɽˮ㣬ճξһѩ׵ƲʾڿУϡ㻯һſԵߵգɵͷһȡ


33 ٺ
ɻؾ֮ӭľһѶѵĵ£ǵصĸѩƬƵľͰɸˡ
аޱȣҹ̣ŸմӽϻЩԹʷھѹûȥ֪꣬﾿ʲôôһ˵б۵ģ
ǡû취ǳ͢ʷǵȨʷԡ¡˵ĳ£ҾͿ㣬˵ϢǼ٣ǲҹܣҲΣ֤ף֤
Ķȥ֤ȥ鱾ԽԽڣҴǼ˵ġ˽֤ݿѰĹټźͻ׹֮ǶĹϵ˴ͻ˳ˣʱ˻ᣬûʹˮ
ɰٿĪ磬ֻܶظۡЩҲôڼ̫ʵ۶ȺȥŰɵѯʡᣬֻܶ䷢ĵǽͣɲȫͻ
̫빬󣬽ľ׵ܣǱȽΪ˵ģ಻ĴԴ಻šЩԣ̫ľ裬磺з磡
Ʒòĸλ͸檳Ⱥǣʼյһˣ̫ԭΪһԲŮɫǡз硱ĴԣЩˡ
ٹǺзʵ٣ᣬһַ֮£ʲôɼ˵ΪڸͯҲȵ磬̫ʹӴ⳼ԴҲ޶š
ĿȾ֮£Ѿϰַﲢû̫ĵִͷСĺз磬Ҳ̫⣬ЩͯϷ潵Ĺйٻ¶Ůͨ԰׵ȴȻܲΪзɴ಻Ȣ˰ɣ
ԣ̫δѣʼɫŵԵĺĹŮ׵˵һסɲʤţ޷ӱܣڿ಻Եĵڶ˵˺ة첮鳯͢Ժغհ˷׸Ϣ
ʵۼ첮ĵ»ǻϲתڸԣڸڴԱһҲȻͬ⡣Ǿô¿ݾǣ첮ֻһССةȻ飬ƹ֪ض飬˵Ӧмյġ
ֻǻʵۺ͸ǵ͹²󡱵ðվ񣬵Σÿ˱һӴ漯ţǣһȫµȻԶΪעһ첮ʲôˣôǣ͹˼ô
Ϊ͢ô¿УϢǰ￪ǻʵͨ˺Ͱ˱֪˴£һֱΪӨӨǺˣһ˵Ժأɲͷ
ҵ̫ӧ̫֪׵ϲɽˮóûһѣɴӦ˷ͽܰ㰲ţ̫֮ʵһ䡣
ʵۿɲ֪˾ҶС֮ô๷ƤĶԹԹҶСغص¶Ȼ긮˳͢ҲֻһӾ͹ȥˣô͵ĽײԱĵֻдһ䡰֪ˡˣĻϡ
Ȼ֪ɺҶС֮жԹҲҶСѾغؾΡȻĸ˿ڣһȥղҲûʲôԵûʵ۶Դµӣʵ۱Ӧˡ
ʵҲ֪ҶСʱѾ˺أҴϾʱҶС컹񲿻ͬʹأ֪ɨǾȻ˺أνԩ·խҲˡ
һղǰŴ塢ŵ꣬ڻĽҰ⡣ڣշת࣬˯ԺʼǻӨӨٻӰ˼ŵ˺غҵҵ׽°Ľ°ġ

سſڣӭղĶų˼վǰǺصĹŶ顣
ǰ·һǰ÷㰸;ˮ紩һϮµĹվǰ棬һˣ첮жվ֮벽Ĳ඼ûС
첮ة˵Ӧվڻĺ棬鳯͢첮ģּ͢Ҳǵ첮ĵģԽӭղʵ˼ةֻռһӡݣŵ첮һվǰ档
ѾζźصһֺͶѾ˺ƤԻƤվǰ棬첮һۣɫ䲻ơ
첮ȴ洺磬ں˿ô룬Ѿ˻ʵۺڸϵķֻۣҪ÷⣬ɻڴָտɴںɫ
վ첮ĺͻ֮ģѲ͹˽ͣλԱͺ񣬲һλǺص߾³٣һλǺصѧ٣𲻵ͣվ֪ش
žҶʷˡǡӭղģɫܲã˲ƵġΪ첮ʱƲһߣһôҲ̲
硢ҶС첮ıǶͷ첮ųҲͰˣ첮ĿɱһɣԵõĺôȴȫ첮ĵ첮ĵļޣڻ֮ϡ
첮ĶԴ˲ںĲںˣƼѣôסֻ˵ĵط͸ȥˣҲȷʵϾҪȥˣЩô룬ںˡ
·࣬ǵʿڴʿǷ֣һͷǺҰˣһǸֵװڴҲһ޶
װռȫӭԱ֮࣬Ǳص״Ӷ࣬ЩǱظڵĴ
һ磬ǾѵˣǻʿЪϢڿһֱվһʼˡֱͣǰ̽˵ղ˵̼ϵ
˶ʱһ񣬷׷ӾӭղֹһԶԶľܿһƬչһĶ߿ι
ۿǶԽԽѾԿӵӻˣ첮ĵ˵۽΢΢һЦǰȥ죬ǣ
һаգһղ뿪أͻҵղҵǰ棬ȫعգĲһˣ
ǻǰĻ磬űˣǴ˿̵ĻȴȻҲ֪ĶǷ׷ȥ
첮һҡߵüȣȫʿٻעӵĿ⣬ЩƮƮȻġף֪ء֪Ȼˣ
첮İŭһУȫǱʬλز͵ʲôʸڱǰͷһ˼ղ
첮һ׷ȥ첮ĳ˻磬ӿ첽ַ첮ġ첮ٶȼ٣ٶȷ磬󲽣ɣǲˣ
ˣˣ֪ظոճһͷͱة׷ϣ׷Ҹϣ˿áһʼֻǲôһЩƵԿһЩԵڽϾڡߣ
ҶСյվۼԽԽ죬չɡߡɵЦԷǣҶСҡҡͷſڵٺãͷɴñžа̧Σ߸ߣ컯ɲСһո߹ٵ½ǰܣҲܣҲܣϥǲͰˣܳһý壬˵ЦЦ
ҶСλϷ׵ķʽģȻ󣬿վԱߵȴúꡱһЦҶʹ죬߯Ҳ˵
ҶСؿһۣЦЦصҿвƽ֮⣬ⶺһЦˡ
̾˿ź뿴ǰ۵صͷͷÿЦȴ֪жõЦĻɵá


34 ػ
磬ղˣ
ة첮ģղˣ
ϵģ첮İ벽鼱֮£ֻȿˡ첮ռһȣռһȡ˵֮ģҲɣֻӭղ˵ƽͷһ⣬ټϹңԷҡ
ղͣˣһ֣мһӣţ߲ˣһлһӣʥּ
첮ķɿɨһֻۣˣһһϮķۣһһϮɫۣȴҲҶ࿴ϳҾأ
У˺ɻǫһ£۵ɵվ֮ϣټ곤ЩҲƴǣһ߳ӣ˱ʥּ˳
Ž̤˻첮ǰ΢Цֵλؿ񣬿𡣡
첮ĵĹɫһǰĲϣֻ΢΢һɨԻǻ֪ذɣ
ܳص¹١
ɵͷֿ첮ģʵ¾ةˣ
첮Ĺص¹١
˼̫Щλղ˶㣬첮ĳ£бЩ͢Ȼˡ
ʵЩ㶼ϲŭɫһǸô׽ϲɲ첮Ĳ޺øУЩǾ䡰¡ǿ
ƹֱ˾裬κһٶĶ᱾ܵĶΪУԺл첮Ĺ£첮ĻãԻὥǻֻǸոսӴɶĹ۸ȫ֮ǰΪǾͲͬˡ
ɼǰɽ˺ַǷЦˣ벻ôӭңҪдʧǾ汾صĸĸǰҰɡŶˣ
˵ԼĶͷ׶Ի첮Ц㿴Ϸ򶼺Ϳˣҽһ˼ԡλǵˣɡ
첮ѾƺῡĹΪˣһ־£첮־ϲʵɵղ󳼣˼֤֮ʢ£ʵ۵Ӱ
ʵԽӴ£첮ıԽϲӦĻҲԽգΪ繦ޣ෴ʵۺͳ͢ԽӴ£ĲҲͻԽӡǸʲôԵģΪʲô˼һ뵽ģȴ벻
ܶô룬ǿ򶨣ٶλ˼һһŶǰߣ첮һһ洺λղǰӭԱǿһ½춼ѸɺˣɫȻ͸ֻϲ
һԣҲȥˣֻҶСļƻܹЧôնûãֻ˾һС
ӭĶǰ棬ȵȻҪλղȽܱعܵҶСʱҶСУɳҾһ񣬹¹ٺصʷҶСɴˣ
˼֪ѵغأ˼ԻؾעһҶС飬ŻغȥȴһϣҶСȻѾˡ˼Ծ֮࣬ȴҲ壬Сӵа취
˿ٶȼӡ̵ˣܺãһЦҶʷһ𣬷ɣϲɺѽ
ҶСҲЦϴ˿¹Ҳǻϲ
ҶСɶԴһ䣬תˣҾ¹ټˡ
һɹҶСⷬԴ𣬲棬λʹȻǵɣƷߵĹԱˣ˳ϻ̳Ͽ֣ɾĸ߹٣ȻʶҶʷ˵͸ȣҶʷҲ̫˰ɡ
û뵽ҶС죬һҶСѸ˾ȵ飬صǺǣû뵽˻㣬Եɽˮ꣬һ㲻ѽ
뵽ҶС׽ŪͷƲס첮ļʶҶС죬ƺͦкøУоͲЩԾٿҶСɼʱעЩ
仰⣬βס첮ڶУʱϲλ˾ҲϵҶС죬ڽʶˡƺүйڰ
ղҶСоɡһòƺһȴж첮ֻ˼һתԵľүĴȡ
첮λղӼʿɵʥּһˣǰӵͬλղǣðھ磬Ϊλղ󳼽ӷϴ
ʿ͸ľϯڲͥԺУֻһϯɺؼλƷĹԱͬţΨһһȴʸСپҶС죬˭ǵʷء
ƹѲЦض첮ĵݱ֪ظʱ䣬ǱټĳɹǺǣЩɽҰģԭ̻գǹ
ôһ˵첮һСʱЦþջһ㣬ԱߵĻǿ򶨣ȴⲻЩڣ⻰ö˵ǡ
첮æ͢Զģĺ¹ٵֻг֮͢ƣ˵ܼ飬ɵùү˿佱
ɶڰӡƲһߵоЩȥˣһ˷ʥͶϣܰѴ°ԲԲǳ͢棬Ҳǵһ׮ͣʲô㣬³̣
羫һæִˡүλģ¹ٵ㡾ְأİţѴ°˳Բв裬Ѿϸ滮λղԶ࣬ҺúЪϢǻᾡٰġ
üʺɽɲȼٵģҲŰ⾰Ǳȥӭӿ֦ʹڣֱֺ׵ھʱޡ
˵ɲǺڵĵλδȣԼһװ׻û뾡£ոϻؾǣǽΪͬʱҲڸ󸨳زܵ٣ֻҪȡһǺϣġ
һȡٵλãĽʿѧڹٳϣ̶ܴϻΪһɹƼܰʱķ⻨֪صĻǹ滰ûһõġ
첮ĵȻ֪˵ˣ΢΢һЦݵصɴ˷ģ¹Ѿܰšλղٱǰ¹پټկıϸϸ˵֪ͨ˰ǵ̬ȡ
¹ٴ㣬ձټկĻˣ籣峤ϺͲǣӦٸ٣աЩڵطϼֻҪǿϸģİվͲضѴ࣬Ȼհ
ðͷȻЩ첮ĵĹΪǴӼڣԿȷʵǸܸɵˡλ̫үɾֻܰҡͷˡ
ɶԺةƷһȻ뵽ҶС죬ҶСڽΪһר˽֮ġӡٲϣֻ칬ĺӼм䣬ôᰲݵԱ
ɲעĿؿҶСһۣҶСͷԣƺӦɵĿ⣬ҶСȻ̧ͷһЦЦĺܲãܡͷȻһֲĸоϷջأֻӣǧֳʲôźã


35 ǹལ
ӷڹԱʿǷ׷ɢȥ֪ءةҶСλõҪԱͬλղȥסġᡱ
ظûĹᣬ½Ļʱ̫ãûҶСɽլӵǵ񼣰ٶȣֻ򱾵غ÷ݣ޷£ղԯ
ش˺ٴԽҵķӣҶСҲԽҶһԺ䣬Ӹ£Ըط⡣Щ鶼첮ĺԥظˡ
ղסҶЦˮ¥̨ĵ첮ĻǶģǵȻСҶ޴ҶСཻĪ棬ԺҲǾԲõģһλղ֮ȻȻؾͱˡ븮סͷ첮Ĳž÷ģҲл׽λղ
˰λղ͵븮븮ʰڵԺ䣬Ժ뱾լ֮ͨŻҲˣղԱɢӸԲ߰ȫȰͻסˣһ׺Ҫ뿪ͻȻҶʷ
ЩؿҶСһۣЩˣղҶС죬Ǹн鰡ҶСͬͬˣأҶС£ȻǶ
λʷʵЩ̫ͣӭλղһϵеĽӴУ첮ĺͿҶСн٣ȴü۵ҶС˲ʶЩ顣
Ȼ֪زֻ̽ϵͣòҲ̫ߡеĳޣɫݳҶСɵ첮ĺٰҶС֮أλֻоûĸ񾿾ܷתʵԤϡ
첮ĲɫɨҶСһۣݸҶСһรһ˸ˡҶС뿪󣬱˵֪ס¹кηԸ
Цصβ˵
ҶСҲԥ̹Ȼ߹ȥһã𵶵
΢΢һЦ£һȤҶС죬·һֻèצ󣺡˷ּԺר֮ȨƷ¹б˴֮Ȩ߼νӹ߳ͷʾʥͷ֮⡣ס㣬һ䣬Ҫֲźã򱾹Ȼչ㣬ȴҲƫ̻
ǲ֪жԹˣⷬ浱ĹأҶСȻóевЦЦشлүĹաֻǡճר֮ȨȴӦɰɣ
һ죬߳ŭصôΪͬΪղûв֮Ȩ
ҶСϳһƫƫһֱû취һӣʵڱƵúܣڴȨգüĸо
ղǳְǸרʹʱǲȥĹԱǵ۹ͨѶͽֲͨԳѲղпطͿ˹ԱȨ
첮Ƿᵽ֪صȺعԱΪβŵԵɣʢʵɴ˶ԺعźǲǾž̵λӣ»ǱȽϽģȲһºص
֣ȻǰƽƽȷʵûʲôȦɵ֮ȥ굹òһǴ֮꣬ˮˮɽ˵ɽĸɺ⣬һǽ̾ᵱضĺŻһ
û¾ϣר֮Ȩ˴أҪ״䣬ξǿعӹµΪ߽дԱ׿Խ߽Ρ
ȨȻɣĹҪ£ʱȨղһȨͻջأԱҲԸû׹ִȨһ
Ϊղ֮һȻҲǸ裬һʲô飬һݣҲΪһС͸ֽĹټűֹ׹ץȨԭ⡣Ա˺ĳ׹֮άϵһźìܡ
ҶС΢΢һЦУûУ¹ٵĹϵ¹ٶ״úܣʹݲ󣬹ҲûУܵͷһ·࣬ЩЪϢɣ¹ٸˡ
ЦҪˣҶʷαżأ˷ҶʷûʲôĻҿԺдѵʱԴڼˡ
ҶС캬Ц֪¹ֵ»½̫ãȥҪԹİ
ɵɫʱһףʧ»㡭ˣһʱ䣬ɵˣһµͷ֮
ҶСЦݿص¹Ѿˣ¹ӹүҲʶģӨӨĹ˻ǵðɣ
׻˶ҶС΢Цһ֣ת˳ȥҶС뿪ãɻվǶûа㷴Ӧ
ҶС߳ԯɷŵɫҪЦϲһˣԲϧһֶȥ׷󣬱統ڽʱӨӨĽԶҶСǽ궴ֶζóˡ
ɲУĹ˼̫࣬㹫ȥ˼ҹ״ҶСϷŪαӺ˼޶룺ҹղҪ˯˰ɣ
ҶСصʱ޴ڿ޴ཫΪ˸븸ֽˣһ࣬ˣرĸ˵ʱΣƽʱһһէġ
һҶС죬ʹﵯЦص磬ˣ
ҶСһＷģ̲סЦడôȥͿȥ֪ͭˡ
޴һ־֪ܵ𣿡
ҶСЦǵǣֻ֪ͭޱȣ㻹ҪȦÿδվҪקУҿȥҲơ
޴̲סҲЦֵˣһĺ̫СѼţСȥͭʣʱҵҪʶʶλ֪ˣʲô£
ҶСɫ첮ľҪټ죬״ˣλկϵôؼʱĪʲô
޴ģСϵˣĺСӣȻһġ
ҶСڵģǸλկǵݣ鲻Ÿ˵ӣֻǱկ
޴ЦܸʲôôկܹĴλկѱʾһ߳жĵĻһٸϵһ¡
ҶСͷС޴Ҫˣ
첮ĵס븮Աߣس첮Ĵղԯ߳Զ͵Լĸ̫ۡʦһƣ˿һ춼ޣղǰʲôʱžᱳۣ·˶ɢ˼ܶ
һ˫ļϣɵΪĦ첮ûлͷֻǱ۾塣
߷ΪĦż򣬹˰Σ첮ĲŻصҶС첻׷ҶС죬ΪȺ£կϵУҪңǱ߿ɰźô
߷ᡰšһϣͷһǣԴԸͿʼٰˣʱͶգһҶСɽУūҵԸ˵ʱ߷˵Ѿ˿̹ǵĳޡ
첮ĵ͵͵Цỷס߷֫ץϵĴȴ΢Цô㻹ľ
߷˱ʹ飬ȴұֳֻЦ˼ҶѾˣ˻ҪĴô
첮΢ЦصҵˣֻңǸҲԡ
߷˴ͷ˳صǣūҼסˣ
첮İִ߷˼ϣһѹүˣң
߷ضȥƿӣͷĿ¡첮Ŀз·ȼĵĹ𣬵ͳصһΣһҪ˵ţǰһ´һƺߣ·ĵ


36 ״
һ磬½ɽǣЩղӭղᣬ֪վҪе״䣬Եû뿪Ǿͽסˡ൱СһЩկıûлӭղշŸ
״ĵַѧѧ͹衢ѵææ⣬תһѧڵĸţһѧſĸǷθ죬һЩźεıʵҲǺ壬ֻǵĴկѱͬЩǶһƵˡ
ͣ첮ġҶСλղѧҹû˯ãɫ㲣ˣһҹշת԰ߣһ뵽һǧ˶Ȼһ繷ʺռˣľһʹ
ǣΣ˼ұϾ޷зɵϣ𣬳˶ҶС޾ޣѲ롣ӦִţӦƫִɵ򵥣мˣײˣһ飬޿԰Ρ
ҶС˵û̽٣Ȼڽʱ̹ҶСֶΣû뵽ҶСһʹļϢƭߣôأղˣο˴˼ϱ¶
ھǵʱ򣬲ͱ¸ˣһ£εղԱǳ͢κɣû˽ˣĸв̤һ
ɵϢĺܺãѧǼüһãǴɲôִڡֻ뾡״䣬ոϻؾٵλá
ȻѾʥּڽӷҲһαλղ⣬ڽֳϣɻǴֽ͢һݲǰةΪ׵ĺعڳǶԳ͢ġ
ֻʽϣѧɲһѣٳ̹õʣԴǹӣǼϯУڳ¡һ˵첮ŶӳҪ˵ǰԼֶдõĺˣһĻͷԡ
ɽܾ꣬ĥںʱΪ֮һ񣬴ݲˣҵɲⷬģ΢Цο
͸ֵ첮Ľˣû취˭ô׳أվһԣڵЦŪƤӶˡ첮ĵҲλĻޣûקģȻ˵Ĵ׻ȴҲ޹Ķĵ
첮Ľʱ޴ڽĺ˽սõѧĵطѧǶԱ˶Сĺ޴Եúܲͷ
ĵ࣬ʲôʱˣ˵һͺãõһضô
Ȼŵùģ
ϵ۾ʲôѵҵŲ
ƵģҶҪˣ㳳ܡ
ˣ˵Һ𣿡
ˣʵѵ㲻𣿡
ţһɣ˵޴Ͷ䣬ҪҾǰɣ¸˵Ҹǣȥ߶ţ¿ɲܳ©ҪȻ
ʱܰͷش߸˽ѧһ㿴վ̨ϵҶС죬ܰͷƵǰ̨ϵҶСߣＸ䣬ҶСʱһ
첮ĻڽҶС˿Ųߣˣ·ϳˡ
Ĳɵ첮￶´ʣһ⻰ʱһϽҶСݸɫ˱һߣ缱ʵҶʷ·ϳʲô£
컨æŽӴղȥ·Ͽأһ£ʵЩæܰͷչˣһ·һأɽˡ
һȻֻ·ͨ񣬻Ǿӵ£뱾غθɣ
ܰͷεصˣڱؾڱٵģ·޹أȴ뱾ΰйš
ڱؾڱٵģԴһﱻˣض໹ЩﻹгɻĴپ
ܰͷЦûУȴԴܹ·ϾԴԴϣʵ͡ݾڵɽȫе·ˣ򱱣ܷǰջ˵Ǿٶ˭õôͳ
üȻҪ˵ģܴӾнʵǿ׽ģ»ӳ飬ͬղһ󡣡
ܰͷεصˣЩΪжΣһζָժǱ·⣬·УԲ԰ɽ·δӲľʹԲȵȣ֮ǱصĴǧٸһζƫ̻Ĳ£ְӦ
˶ţҧλղ˵һȥ·
ҶСü¹һͬǰȥ
ҡͷ·ǱҲǱʺͿʣһʱξģȥǣͰˡ
ҶСԸ⣬Ի֪һԸѵÿϵһذ
첮ĽŻ۽Ѿӵǵ˽ǲһĨЦ
ϵɺԣֵλղˣ·Щ飬Ҫ¹ȥһ¡ս£ʹ¹ٲҵ飬λղˡ
첮Ľʱ˹һⷬ·غ飬ȻҪ׹غģѵͲҪ𣿺ολղڴˣΪһӡˡ
ˣЩãةԶԾǶֽ״䣬Ϻͳ͢Դµӣλĸȴڳ
ղˡʵ·ϡ·һܵɽŵطپ裬¹ٲܲȥ
첮صŶ¹ΰҶʷ֮°ɣ֪شҶʷȥͺˣƣΪͣȺͽɢܷܲ¶Ϊɡ
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ɿһȻ¹ؾ飬ȷʵɺԡ֪أȥɣ
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첮ûгɹذҶСߣԸ⡣Ի˽⣬λ̫үôеŶԡҶС£ҲҶСء
ҶС³ԱҲһˣۿҶСȥҲδһȤ첮΢΢һЦλղھͿʼɣ


37 
λղˣ첮ƣ첮λظأһֱȽϻңǰЩӣΪһǷǣشҲ¡
첮ĿһɨֵعԱȻеְصΣȴҲԭյʹùڻ⣬޹ɣҲһҪԭ򡣡
˵ɫְأ˵˭ְأһֱǺƴ󲿷ʱ򶼹ܣ첮Ϊ˶ռͣų⣬Ѿ죬ʯ̡
ɫҧЦޣ˿ޡ첮ģ㻹ûϸ֦ĿһУһ˽¶ޣҲһ̤û˽ţˤ˵
첮緢˵Լģʹˣһ׼ǡϿڵ֣׽˼ס㡣һʼһҲס棬ĺ˼ס㡣˵Ӱ岻ڴ𣿡
첮һڴ׻ǳ׶ô˵Щǲף̨˷첮ص棬կկկʮλϳȸա
λկկõıǺ֣ΪڱˡһεȻٴθգկΪ䣬կõձȽϸӡҲ׼סոλկʮλϾǴȫկյģ֮ɻƵĸԱɽկΪǼǡ
λկһۣһǰȥÿ󶼸λϡ͸վȺ޴ԶԶ˸ƣʾġ
ߵղǰĸկͻȻԼͬվסͬض첮ĵة׸һ£СΪóȻǷСկа
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կüصСçײˣΪףһڴӦ˭֪صɽկһ˵ȴڶշԣСΪկҲǴΣ£רء
կ̾صԭկһһ£οٸм˰ŴЩôͲϽأʵǲ
첮ЦݲصǺǣλկֻֻȥŪˣټǰһۺλҲˣһλǵɣһλǻ׹ݣ϶ԴµĿؿɼһߣǲմŭ𣿡
կĬԶԣկһλ׺ӣ׳ʹͭɫͻȻԽڶصλկ˵Ϻ˵Ϻ¼ҹһû˼ɡ
ղүС˵գǸĸȡΪһССĺôĻǲТСĲͶðТΪȡҲûбϰղТ˳ĵ˵ǲǣ
ˮһԲ
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ϺŲӵô
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ǰ׷صղϴˣ˵ôҲԼⲻǣկʵǲԸģλկҲǲ֪ǲ˵
̲סʵ˵⻰ô
ǰ׷ϺƼҵŵةڱֻĴ̫ү߷֣˵һû˸˵λկΥίߣΪ˵ղΪҵСֹ
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ɵغعֻ̽ӴѲ֪غة֮ìܼɿ첮֮ǰûʮְգȻ˽顣
Ȼ˵ͷһȺ͸Ĵ֮ˣֶɵ˵ĹԱֳЦԷǵ飬ǴĽӴ첮Ϊ˾ȻĴ
ô˭ЩɽˮأλҴҸȥ·Ļ֪رضѲ˸ϵҶСаݵһʲôɫأѾȻŭˡ
ıղͲΪ泯͢£ȱġվ˼ĺӨӨѼ˸ң£ʱ㷢ˣ鰸һģֱ߳дةֳ޻ЦֱǶ˳͢棡
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ۼղŭʱһŸʱѣΡ첮ĲʣͿԲˣͬΪôɽͷСɽͷСɽͷССɽͷĴҲǴɽͷµСɽͷ˵ǻǴأһһ
΢ЦϢŭةĵ
ɰסɣת첮ĵةΣô˵òһٿҪһ۾֮ġ
첮ĹλղϢŭЩᡣλղɷСЪϢ¹ϸ
ɱȻһЦãˣǾ͵Сة˵Щʲô
ҶСȻһֱԹۣ·һУʵǳĲ߻ۼ첮Ĳ̬꣬ݣҶС΢ݣԾ첮ĺʱ̩ɽǰɫسǸĪǡѣ
λղֱתС첮Ķ۷׷סͷӶĳ޶ã΢Цظ˽ȥ
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Цôǽվ棬ô˵
첮̾˿̩Ȼλղ֪ҵЩλСΪ͢飬˳ȡ°ӡݿӣ¼ޱȣһΣ˵ˡ
㶣ͻȻˣѿ첮ĺҶС첻ͣ첮ָⷬĪǡǿ˷ܵصة㲻Ҫ£ʲôί˵Ի
첮һҾأлղˣ
첮Ҫд£ؼܷõյӵҶСկϵУܲѱºˡ֮һֱһԵģΪҶС찣ҪãҪҶСȽ


38 һʯ
첮ɫضɵ¹ڴָժκˣȴòȷ֤ݣ֮ͬӡΪ¹λկú̸һ̸¹ٵĸ費ʲô͢´
¹ܳɹ˵λկȷһ˳Уǹ֮ҡңһ˽կڣӳ͢ΪϷʱŸկҲʵг
΢΢һЦȥɣٳ˵ǰͷǸ֮ľ棬һҪ˳еεġ۾֮ﷸĴҲ
첮һݣϽǣ¹ټˣ
ɰڰ֣첮ı˳ȥ
룬ɵִˣعٳƺθѽ첮˳⣬Ǹ֮ĶԹҲˣùҴϷǾͲݷŹˡָͷ֮ܽͰة£Ҫҵף
΢΢һЦ룺ʲô֮͢϶թ࣬ЩԱĹĶǣ֮ȣСϷˡҲλŽ𷹳׳ĹӸžôС֡
ɶ˵ҿɣپֻǻЩۣӰ֡
ɱ֪Ҫö֪࣬첮ﻹһɱﵣɱʹܹܵĻûһկҲˮʯˡ
˵ɶҶСȽͣҶСϾûнˣҶСڴ˲õã˽ҳ࣬Ҳˣȡûִȣ۾Ҳܳ֡
첮һ䣬Ѹλկ˽ȥ
ˣ첮ɺ򶨣֪ҶСΪկ˺飬ְѸկկֵܵĳгԸɹɣ˫нĽ͹ͬ棬а취˵կͶԼһߡ
ѣΪҳϣΪѵĴ۲һ¢һ䡢ƶϴѮߣȢһ귽ˡò绨Ҿ׵ĸСΪޣ̸⡣
ǣͬһѮߣɵйֻپһƷôȢһͬͬŮΪޣܶ˱ܽܺ⡣ɵйپһƷƶϴ֮Ĳʱ롣첮ھһ룬޿֡
첮ļկ΢Цλ
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կ£ǶԲסˣǵҲû뵽ἤկаôǿҵķԣ£ʵڲܴȫկ´Ӧˡ
첮ЦݿصЩأֻϲȥλկ˵ĶʵҸţλկڹկеֻҪǿ˵կаվûвӦġ
첮˵վгһ籣һ࣬λկʥּڴˣּɣ
λկһ࿴ǳŹȥ첮ķˣȻαʥּʥּġһʱλկλðĸоƧɽ񣬾Ȼһӵʥּ

յվû˵Ȱһ͡
˵ʱĹٵ£١ĹڸǰҲָʹ᲻һĸٸĹһͣһȻ󲨡
ǣձиԽƫԶٵԽأĹٵӰҲԽСսʱս佫ĵλһЩһЩְλ߲͡³ŵ٣Ǿ͸Ĺٷˡ
类һƴˣʱƤӷϣں⼸꣬Ȼ˲̫ΨΪǷľҲ˲ţ
ûָٵ㡭ǺˣŹ򱾹٣
˰һص㣿׷أɱĶС
ѴĴָһ̣ȻӴž˶˾ǧң㣬ĵ϶ģ͵øһ
ԶʱϣҾصǧϢŭǧ򲻿ˣλǱ̫ү
һƲмص֪˲ôͺսܷʻˣңɵ˫캣սܺң㽭ѲˣҸϾ飬ҸһƷǰʲô磡
ķ˵塣˵ӳȥ⾰ǧۡϣҲһˣĿ˼ҵĶ֣ڶҲֻˡ
Զ˵˵ذѶ˷䡣ۼǾǧӵ۾ֻ֪Ҫأʱٵȴ˵Ȼֻ˵
ԭսµķչ·ϵȻƵٸڶʣͬʱд˳ûʡսһƻΪɷбץסᣬҲܴơ
ʵζŴƸ·ϸͣȻȻѹݾڸɽͷĺɽЩԭСȺӶ·ʵͬʱ֮Ҳڲڶ
ڶĹУС㣬γһɽ֮ר·ġһŻӴңʱϣڽһĻһٹս½ǹôģʱȻҪظɽͷ
ûһ̶ĵֻ̣·ѪߴĺˣҾܵǱߣһҪǾ͸ˣ׮󣬴˿̻ڲںؾڶ޴ӵ֪
ǧҲ֪ӶҴٵɽһȥץеǿѣòȻۿɲȱһٹ˽⵽ɽ󣬾֪ϴ鷳ˣȥץɽꡪ޴֡Ծǧɴװɵ㶣˺صĸĸ١
ǧΪһְҵٶȺĹ߷ûа취֪ؾ͸ǹô޴ˡ˰죬Ҳ벻ñصѲ첶ͷȥ׷Щɷݸӵĺ䣬ñЩپѵװª׳Ѳ˾ٱ֮Է
һľǧ͹ô⬵Ļ֪أֻʣ´̫ˡۼ棬ѽңǣǧȥƵòֺ
֪ؾڴ˵ϡ棬ɾǧһŷƵ佫ŹҲڻ֪أͲˡܰͷһԿˣ̾ǡδ٣˵ǧ㣻˹٣һ㣬Ĺٺ٣
֪غ;ǧȥ£ǧóеĺ³ӣ뻨֪ˣһ֪ؿɾͳԲסˡܰͷۼһ̶ܻѧȱȥˡ
ʱ򣬸λկոմӲСɫءǸһ¶棬ĺӭȥǵĸʵҪɣ
λկҡҡͷһݵģɳĬƬ̣ǸԳ̾һֱǵĶӷԸȥҶˣ˵ϷҪԲסˣ


39 ɱﵶɱ
ĺһͼˣĵ⾿ô£ɲҪ첮ĵвѽͷʥּ㵱ʵ۾ôȻûΪ˴·ǵĵ
ҲҶʷɴɽկжţǲ壬ǲ˴ǼܴӦ
կѵ㶮ʲôš
կյصկĻң㣬Ҫˣ
ʱ޴һĸߴկǰߴһϮۣЩձԵʮָߴͷͺ˫ĿݣЩɭζ
λկ㶣شλͻߣ΢˫ۣʮ̩Ȼ˫Ƭ̣ûͻػȻһĶͷǺߵɣλǸկկ
ЦɫһֺٺٵЦλǸկկһ˵
կüõʲôˣ
ۿʵ˭
կͦŵ
ЩϸկԭСʯͷĶӣôˣ
կһ׵СѾ겻˽йˣˣھȻһڽгկʧе˭
ڰֵϷԹʯӣ֪طߣ
޴һס죬Ц˼ңߣ
Ŷϸıн
կ΢΢ɫֹկҲʯʵһޣһ籮ԽʯӾľ۾
ҲǴ񣬿ԳϵͳٸҲӲίɹԱ̸˰ֻǴˣЩһͳһֱˣ±ãʳʼղӰ졣
ƵİսʦԪ޵ȻȻؾͻֹǿɱ̫ߣòʧҵ⣬˿ڳɷԺΪɻƣǰľ޴󸶳ΪˮԼͬߡ
ǳ˵˾ϽغͰնѾ߱൱̶ȵֻܲߣЩԶɽ粿䣬Щ˾˼ҸѲҲ˲Ըǡ
կ粿֮ľ벻һ죬ǽˣֻ˫ģկ֪ǵѲȴ֪һλΪγֳϡȻǲݵģ˲ظȥ

첮ĽŲ߽λղϢСɹ˵˸λկ첮ĺܡ
ҶС첻غأСģҶСȻ˺أ֪ҶСկϵУկկ̬׸һµĳɰܣ᲻Сô
ԣͬյİռһ˰ᵽ˸կںеλӰ죬Ӹͣ߼կΪ̵Ϲ˾կΪ̵˾կկΪ٣Ϯ档
첮ĵɱˣһ˭ܿܣ˾٣ƷĹ٣Ϯ棬õ͢ٶϽϵĲƲιɱȨٲȻһʵۡ
ϮٵĴб͢ľλиӿɣӼ̣̣ûжӣŮҲԼ̳УӵŮŮԼ̳УĻһȫǧ޾ԭʳ£µҲǵĴڣΪ١
Щǧ˾ҾôģӺԭʳ˶ٴΣǵļȴ񡣼֮һ͢ϿΪϮ٣Ǿܸʥ׼һˣ˭ʵۣһ£ļ嶼
һͼʲô㲻ΪԼ㣬ݼ£ջҲģڵկݿϮǻܱ֤λӴǵĶӣָһļ𣬾ȡ֮
ֻѾϮ˾ǾǵˣԸոĻʵۺ壬һȫ̷ĶʦžʱҪһֿ϶ҳ˾ϵͣӰ첻ǴӦˡ
ʵۻϣǱҪ˿첮ֱڲȻֻ̬ɿģô²˳ͨ˽λկӴһ£׶͸¶ǣʱһϷʾԣ첮׳ĺô˳ƴӦлҲ˳ˡ
첮Ĳڴˣֻʥһ죬ûҶСأϢҶСɾ裬Ҳղۿӡһжڰļƻչ첮Ȼ⡣
첮λղҾһ񣬹λղˣ¹˵կկͬȫկոķˡ
ɷ²豭ʵˣ
ֵصʲô
ֱʱȻŲղƺЩ֪飬вЩ
ĹһˣǾһȺʳĹ佫չҪҧһڣ׹ݴչҪҧһڣ¹ǴչҪҧһڣʵ۴չҲҪҧϼڣѾβ󲻵Ȼ临ɱһͨҲӴţȻ޿κΡ
첮ĵǣԭλկȻŵ˭ۣ¹Σֻⱸ֮ˡ
һۣȻΣֻҪ˳ͺãǳȥɡ
˻סɣ첮ĵʳǺ˱ʹǷڣ
첮ĵ¹ʹɫɲ˵¹Ϊ״Ϊأ˽֦֮󣬻ǲ϶ղֱ𣿡
ɫԱһΣͿԱΣʱǸոȻôףĻʽѣղѹǲ˵ʵʱ򡭡
Ȼͷɵִˣɣ

ѧƽ͵鷿λկǶɫѿﲻϵšţվȡᡣ
ȻʶկĸףկĸǹĽ飬Ҳկݼǿջ󣬸οֻǷ֮
ǣڶϵвկȴܲǣկͬܲǡϸû̸κֻ˵һ仰ǴӦ첮ĵҪҪɽǿиկطˣ
ֻһ仰λկĿɿڴʧȥԼɽկǻ̸ʲôǧνĳ˾Ҳͳ޸֮ľԴ֮ˮһоӰˡ
Ǩַٽɽկ̸ף̵ϵĲǼ˼ңķϢŵյزɽկǨߣδ԰ңկаտϸȥ磿
ߣҪߣǨ˼ɽ֣ȥҰ˭ĵô˰٣˿ϽյĻҪĻ᲻ᱻ˼һ̵ˡ
һǸٻջһʧȥһевλկʹ಻͢ǲΪǲ֮ϢأΪѲǿսġ
͢ϳܿڰϻɽһڰԵ͢Ǵˣ͵ͷϻ´͢Ҳǵһθˡãվȡ᲻¡կԼ붬оɣɬصҶʷʲôϵܲܡҪɽկ飿
Цˣ۾ǻģ˵˵ɣľʲôô
կһһٵص˾Ϯ棡
ԭˣ첮ĵʤôǺǣȷʵǲݾܾջѽ
洫һЦЦҶСЦ˳


40 
ͥԺ棬Ǿһ۷׷ףǵ飬ֻ߾Ӷࡣ
ظȨоͳ˱Ȼֻ̽еķǳƶǿ죬̫ߣҺ׳ַ͢ڲⲻܶǱĬͳѡ
ܻ̾ȴʵʲôӰ졣ܹ̻ȨϾһеḶ́ԭԱİɱȨȨȴʧԴų⣬ȴı䡣
Ʒ׵ĳ鿴ֻǳ͢һӹ򣬿ָıˣණȻҲ֮ı䣬Ͼͻ볯͢һ㣬ƱػȨ͢еĹ̡񾭹կôһ֣һͬƾܣﵱȻԿ߾Ӷࡣ
ʱ첮ĴС˳עߣ뿴ѿľճ첮һ¶棬˵˽ͣˣе˶߿
첮ĵؿһۣȻһЦͻȻһλվ˲λǷ˵λղˣ
ڴһȣɺ˲˳Ȼ첮ǰվϴǳǳЦ⣬ǰλկһЩССᣬˡ
첮˵ɫȻһ䣬ָλկˣȺһɨȻָλկվȺ棬Щصصͷ첮ŷ
ӦõģѶκ˵һ׵£첮ǾܾԼͳջ
첮ļűһ̸Ѿ״ǵĹǣλկȻͬȫկաǺǣλկǰ
첮΢Цλկ֣Χǰһ·կһۣӱ˴˵Ŀж˶Էյѡͷһǰȥ
˴ߵǰվ첮΢Цλկѽλկկգǩְɣ˵ţ첮ĵһվڲҶС졣
կһۣͻȻϥ򵹣صղˡСǰԣʵδȫկ֮ͬǰС򲻸Ҵȫկŵ
һӴסˣΪزٳκ©Ҳסˣ첮ĵıʱ쳣ʣȵؿλկֻȻŤͷҶС졣
˵ҶСûдеšǣ˵ҶСܸջͬǴšǲ벻ţλկٶȷȴǲʵ
첮Ҳ벻еĹؼʱҲݲˣ˫۾עıâڱĿ⣬λղ
첮ܻصǡôܳǷӦ˱١ѵǸԸǧѷĺû𣿡
λկͷ̧ɱȭλղղˣة֮£С񲻸ҵؾղǰСٷ£Ǿ۾ˣֱֻԲ䣬ղΪС
˵ţصһס
վɫһƬࡣ
첮ĻȻתɣղˡ
תˣһ仰û˵Ҳûпһۣһ䣬һƬƲʣߵõޱȣ첮ĵɫʱҰֽ
ɲȻŭϣ첮ܰһ֮˭첮ľȻһϷŪԭȻ첻ɣҲ֣µĳ͢λղҪΪЦˡ
վͬʱüҲһ첮ȵΪʳ͢ٺ»ͼʵЧϱңרҽһ١ٶϷŪϡ͢뱾ղ֪
첮˫ϥһ̡߲һ͹ˣߵͷղˣ¹١
ŭɶص첮ﷸ۾ˡ˰ץԵĽǰɷ˵Ͱ첮Ĩͷ£ۣ˸ʵʵ
ղˡղˡҶС죡Ʋ
첮˻һҧгݵҶС죬˵ҶСʱۼֿ죬̧ϥݺһߣ첮ġ̡߲һˤ˸ʺ춼ǺѪɺݺݵҶС죬һ޲ʳ֮ģ
ҶС첻ԲֻṴһԴĻȡ

ԭˣ첮ĵʤôǺǣȷʵǲݾܾջѽ
ҶʷҲڣϷ򡭡Ϸʵǡ
ǺǣλկھΡջʵСȻҶĳԲΪԼǰ̳ѣΪ˸һòĲƸҲ˵Ͳһġ
Ҷʷ㡭벻Ҫ˵ˣϷ򡭡Ϸʵ޵ݡ
ҶĳûгЦλկ˼ⶼҶĳһƬθ֮ԡ
Ҷʷ㡭ϷϷʵǡ
կĪж⣬첮һ־ҶĳҪùˣԣֻҪֹܹ첮ģҶĳҲǲϧһֶεģһ㣬Ҳλկܹ⡣
Ҷʷ˵
λկһУʹ˽첮ĵôضɽλկΪƾկӵʵܲܿ粿Ǩ㣿Ҫռ̵ӣ˭赲ǵĽŲλʧȥ˸֮أǺǡ첮ŵǵʲôأ


λկʵǴɲ˾ᡣ˲·ɱ˸ĸأοǻݼĺôһλկվҶĳһߣҲӴĴ٣ÿÿ˼ұȷֿɵõĴûԵӶҶĳġ
Ҷʷ˵ЦˣϷ򡭡Ϸôᡭ
ǺǣԲԵĻͲ˵ˡֻһ·ܹ˰ǲǲǰʲô£һֱ·ȥأҿδأǰ·أǰмأλկ˲һʵֻҪƸСһĿġ
Ҷʷ˼ǣ
Ҷĳһȫ֮ߣȻҶĳܱ֤һܹɹ͢Ȼڳộɼʵۺܿش£ҶĳɹĻỹǺܴģҲа˳ɰգλկȤ𣿡
ȫ֮ߣ
ȫ֮ߣ

첮ˣһˣ
ҶС˿侲ţһҪںػȥҪںػȥ벻˸կ֧֣Ӧǵ£һҪģֻ̳棬δ̫Щٵһȡ
ҶСƾǣŻʵۺش£ɾͲ׷κŬôشؾʵǰƱ޷ˣδйˣʵȴһôߵλãӦò
뵽ҶСλկ΢Цŵ˵ͷٲߣһ¡
ڳĹԱ͸һ·ҶСĿǾηĵľη
ҶСеƣδĵƣû֪ʲôֻ֪һһδεǰһ⣡ЩҪô˾űȨҪô֪ضԺȥĺǿ
Ϊ֪ĵϸҲͳɱˣлּղ첮ĶĪزҰҲû˸СʷǴة
ҶةȻȥڴعУܵ޵дڣܵ


41 ȻԱ
磬磬ȵңҵţô죡޴׷ҶСٿصôղŴ߳ʱǲǺܸ߹󡢺ܲһܳأ
˴ûðҾ;ô·Щˣе˳գ
ҶСйصôһΪиַ緶ء
ʱҲϲˣ
Ϸ˸ۣûصϷϹ·ô·ֻվѵϷ򻹿ô
ʱܰͷϽһʷˣ
ҶСܰͷ㲻Ǹ֪شȥվôô
ܰͷվ˸վǧǸ³ľһζ˸κβһƣְǷֻøˣ
ҶСü޴࣬㶬ϻȥҺܰͷȥһˡӦҶСܰͷȥҶС߱ߵǾǧô£ϸ˵
ܰͷ

ɽ˰첮İ˴ѺղԯŭظϵɵľӴһȲ裬üͷ΢΢΢һƨԱˣ߷ߵصִˣһͻؾɣأֱһ־磡
Цү˾ǹү°ˣȴǼΪġɼɲ˵ʵôִ㻹Ҷ˾ͿΪذտеЦˡ
ȻүҪδؾûת
ˣ
һӦ룬
ɵȥҶʷһˡ
ɲõصִʲôѵ첮û취а취ˣ
΢Ц϶Դܲ۱㼴ȥҶʷûа취Ҳȷһԡ
Цһһ仰ǿ˻ȥ֪ҶС֮ĶԹö˵ʲô

ҶСһ·ߣһ·ܰͷϵվʱǰѴˡ߽վͼõĲ컹սľ£һǰŲڹۿ
ܰͷǰȥѼƵغȵɢˣɢˣʲôÿģ˻ͷһҶʷվʱһɢֻЩںľɿ֣ǰѾճһط
ҶСǰȥͼһ³ľŻ֪صӣŭĿ֪˫ץǾ֣һܻӣةڶм䣬ƴ˳ſ
ҶС״һ˽ȥȵס֣ǺˣҶһظĸ֣ô
ǧŤͷһꡱһˣѻ֪ǰһӣ΢΢ζżҶСƽӴ˭ˣ¶ˣôţǲݼ֪سͷɣվ˶˾ǧǸ
ҶСߣ첲ӵҪȥһ⻰Ȼվסˡȵؿǧɵʵ㡭˶˾ľ磿
ǧȰĴѾҪҶСȥһ⻰ֱһЦƶڿСɴ۾ҶС죬ɵص㡭ʶң
ҶСȻǾ磿ѽСܲ磬֣Сֻܿһˣ벻Ȼ㡣
ˣˣ㡭˵ġĸˣǧЩȻһ˵ˣֻǴûʸֵܣˣһǳƹӵġ
ҶСصֳ˵ϴֻһǰ㣬˵¼ĸɽսˮսˮʦʱսֻϧڹֱΪֱ̫ʣ׵ˣֻǧҪȻԾĹͱ죬ˡ
ǧüЦٺٵЦţΪصô˵ѽʵ̫ˡ
ҶС쵱Ȼûʲô˶˾ľǧ϶ǧһٲȥ·
·ϸʹܰͷܰͷְҵϰߣͷ˵ˣ˽⵽ϸ˵˳
ҶСܰͷ˵ܽ㣬һǾǧԳµս뺣սйأ˱ضǳˮʦǴ˸Ĺ佫ˡ
һˮʦĽ죬ȴ˽˾ˣڻѺݣڹٳϻһ⡣λȨصĴ󳼣ѹڻƹֱľ档⾰ǧβ̨ӪҲٲһô֪ôҲͲΪˡ
ȷǳˮʦᵽκսս´󹦣ǨҪԭɡֻǴ³άϵϹٵĹϵˮʦĲ⣬Ǳһ߿˶˾
ЩϣлԵˮʦҲõһսĵطǧⱲҲ͵ͷˡʵϹϵܶ˾ֻϾ棬ٲŸ߶
ҶС˵ȫԣǧȻԼ֮ߣǧ־ϲ֮ܳС뵽ҶСҹǳֵܵĹϵҶСҲȹ
ǧ֣ѽǴˮһ˲һˡЩСֵ˳ͻϾǸϴ֣СֵɲҪ֡ˣδ̣Сֵմ
ҶСЦصСҶҶС죬Ϊصʷ
ҶСҲǧʱ˼ΪһССʷлʶҵĹӣȵǧֱۣЦ磬ǽһ˵
ۿ˹߿ŻƵĴ˭˭ɼܵľǧȻЦ۾ˣҶʷôߵĶʶˣ³ͷϽ顣
ҶСѾǧһߣС磬ô¶ǾеĽ죬ǵطϵĸĸ٣αֵôأ
кӴ³ֱʣ˵֪Ĩǣǧɫصֵܣ֪ϸ˻͵ľǺؾڱˣ¶Ҳ֪˭¶ˡ
ҶСЦϸ磬ֵǺصʷѹ϶ѹҵͷϣܶܲˡ
ǧɫص⡭
ҶСѹ磬˵Ҹ⻨֪ʵԸ֪ظҵĲĿĲߣôôТԡ
٣㲻ңһͽأҪȻ㿴վɹܵģΪʲôʱܵŹֻǡϸ簡ôһ֣ҵˣǵʷܲô
ǧһҶСⷬͬܣ˹ͬԣ͸ˣҶСչɫû˵ҪǴܰ¶ԵͷϣСܰͲأ㲻ܳɹĪ绻Ӱƽ
ǧ⻰ô˵


42 Ѱ
ҶСıܳϿңȼ̶Ͽңϸ磬佫Ĺ١˵о̡սɱСҪ˵ıüơٳУ˵Բԣ
ǧͷ㣬ǵǣ
ҶСԣֵܸ¶㿴ڲ˵ûеǾ͵ҷ˸ƨˡ
ǧˣˣ˵š
ҶСκ飬ǷҲúϺ顢ռر°£Ҫ˵·ͨУǲڲ䣬⻰٣˭֪ݵ·Уġ磬ƽҪȻܵҲһһ
˵ܣɽԶɽѵܰеľ⣬Ұݶչףѵ֪ؾͲףĿϸ磬㻹ռ
ǧͷ㬵û˵
ҶСֵ˵·л·ߵΣҲлߵΣ㱾Ѳ˸ϵضʧҪΣҲ㵽֪ͷϣصľǸʲôģӲϻ֪أһٴ壬ҲöʮԲԣ
ǧȻףҲ֪ɽж죬ϻ֪أʱһҶСԽԽ¶ҪΣ˼һ֪ͷϡ
ҶСҿָ֪ӡӣϸ㶯ְɣ
ǧŹ۵ô
ҶС̾˿ѹô˵ϸʲôãƢ̫Щ¶Ҫβ㣬͸ô˼һǶ⣿¶ûأô˵Ҫ˾Ǿһϳ͢ʱ򣬻֪ظһ˵Щ󳼻˭˼ҿɶĹ٣ʱ㲻һδƽһô
ǧԴص˵ô죿
ҶСð찡б֪ǵжĿҳƤɻ֪˴̽ǻɽ䣬һҵǣϸʱˡ¶òˣֻҪնͷҲ͢и
ʼմ̽ϢǾͲ㲻׷ؾ裬Ǳعٸ޷ṩɽϢгͷҲи˵ߣ뻨֪Ѿ˺ҲٰѴǰ˵ǲǣ
š
ǧһ£ؿһۻ磬ɴñţûз֣һǧȥϲصɹ佫£ôɣĹ٣Ҳ
ǧһҶСø˵
ͬˣҶСЦЦֵȥ˵
ҶСϹȥѻһߣһ˽ԥصһɽδܲõǵ䡣
ҶС鲻Ͳ鲻飬¡ʹϳ͢ѵ͢˫жΣΣܲ˵ģΣеҪΣ˻³ľͷ𣿡
룬ΪѵصǾôɣֻǴ̽ɽ顭
ҶСȻ¹
ͷֽŵصôϹˣѧǱߵôˣ
ҶС̲ס΢Цص¹ٻδü˵֪첮ġѾղ۾֮ˣ
۾Ȼصص棿
ҶС˵ͷ޴Ҹ˻ȫôڵôһвĶ֣һлּղɵеĶ֡
׵ããã
һ˵ã鼤֮£Ҳ˵Ļ

·ϣܰͷ۷Ƕټ۷Ƿ¸ͷɺؿϴʯҶС죬ùٸְټʲôܲǽҪɳԣ
ҶСɤŶλͨ·һأɽ°ˡھҪ˷ˣҪΪ̽ЩɽϢǺܶ˾ǸɽİգϤΣҪ֮ļ̽ӡ
˭ԸΪٸЧͿԲٷۣʱۡ⣬ÿջһٶʮǮнŷѣ˭ܹ鵽ɽ׼ȷϢʮٱܽɱɽĻȫߣֻҪջͷһ˭Ը⣬վ
·泯죬ÿ컹ǮãǵȻáǮô׬˵֮±·򣬿ðΣհ۷вɽƽɽԽ룬ΪԻΪԷ򣬲ݣϤɽεģ뵣ʹɻЩԥ
ҶСĿɨһӵĻƷɣƷǰð䲶пͷ˿ֻ̾һֲѣҡһһµ۷·ϵ۷Ƿֶθֳֻ۷ûϵ
ӵҶСʾ⣬Ʒɰһӣͦ˳СԸΪٸ䵱̽ӣ
ҶСϵãһ˭
ܰͷ߹ȥһ죬һٶʮöĴǮ䵽˻Ʒɵϣ۷бЩĵļ״ȿֺ׷׵Ը⣡Ը⣡
ҶС΢ЦҪһɽû˱ЩɽʺϵˣһУǵݡѡͬͻᱻϷɵġܵģǵ۾˾͸ˡ
ҶСѡ̽ӣ׼ɽȺڵʱɽмýӰ¹ɵһͻʯվסˣ̤ʯɢȻγ˹֮ơ
վʯ˶ͷ΢ӭɽ磬ʱˬһǺٴһͱС˶٣ɸͷȴ߳һͷ࣬˵վλƫٴ벽ȻԺٴΪ
ߴߵ磬ɽܣһǻ˲ͬʵڲײҰ
ٴ֪ѾҵطˣϧģȷʵѰɣֲܣƱӰս֡
ݸ˫ֲĿĹˣɧͲɱʹò¡
ٴ΢΢һЦ˵ص⣬ЩϤ˵εҲɽСֻԼҪɽ֮гȥˡֵܣûǷֵһ°ɡ
ݸߡšһתʵ磬྿ôˣ϶˵ҳˣӣֵôɡ
ٴǺһЦ϶ʵڶ졣ûʲô£⺢ϲһŮӣҲͬŮӹŶСӣͶ뿪ˡ
ٴ΢Цţ˿ΪӶڵľ淢Ĳ̫ͬ⣬˲˲飬Ů治˵ССƷãÿΣϲǾȥɡ
ݸߵȻҲͬˣôǽӻ
ٴ⺢ӳȥԺҿ࣬ǰôŵˡͦѧɡһ֣һǽ֣Ҫ߳ȥ߳Լׯ
ݸҡͷЦ¸ĸţҺûжӣŮֻҪܼ޵ĺãҾͲ
ٴһۣô˵ϸ¸ոһС檣ɾΪ˴ڽӴ
ݸȻڣǽڣҪȻǳԴ׵ưոݰ
˹Ц


43 
ҶС쿰ƺصһæˣò״ϰƽ첮ģֵܵվȥ滨翫ƨɣҺǾǧϾйϸ𣬶Ҳôһϵ˵еǾͷҲδýȥ
ºɫѾˣҶСŵʱĺɫһƬãһ˿ҵɽ֮¡ȵüꤵңңһҶСһӭ
ҶСЦңңͷ̫õҶ˵ٴˣڹٳϢ˵׼ģǲõң˷ʱǾͳԣңңڳͷͣö
̫ӭЦ֪ңңҪ
ҶСȻע⵽ݴȻֻǱʩۣ֬һִƵЧڵƹҲ࣬Сģڴʱĵķ顣
֮һֺĬȤİţʱ󻶵źţȻźûжٻʹãΪʱҶСĴȥ
üܻеõģСӣ֮ϣܱüһ̢ӣģ˵ʲôЩ˼ܣܡٺ٣ڳζô
ҶСԵö͵Цһ£ͷޱߵķ˿΢΢Щ졣ѽǲˣΪѾյϢҪɳ̽ߡ
ôûϵҪ˹ģ˵ϴ߱ѺϾ£ǺǵЩ£˵ջΪģɳǲģϣȰ˵ٹ
˵Ϣ͵¡ߵŮˣɻûʹأϷûУ᲻СҸŮ˵ݵļĲǿҲϣЩ÷Сĳ谮
һڻ£˰ҶСոն룬̽ͷ̽ԵسſڡҶСһۣʲô£˵ɣġ
ţͷصǣүˣͷñۣҲ֪ʲôٶһǹټˣ˵ǡ˵Ҫү
ҶСһˣüͷ˵үҲڣ
ڨڨصүҡҸ˼˵Ҫүͨһ
ҶСЦˣѽǸʵˣǾǽɡ
õص˶˼ЪţټҾôʹô
ҶСЦҸɲǵʷˣǴةٺ٣Ҳͽɫˣ㿴ŰɣյŰݷõ˻ء
ҶСվȥϴװ׵ңһȥ
ݱ˵£ڵһº÷ա
ңңݽ˵ĻвУ˼ҲҪ
ҶСЦֻСӿá
ңңݣݽ㣬˼ǲǲСˣ
ݺЦǣңңǴˡ
˵ʲôĻأ˼ҲҪ
ת˵˵ңңСǸӣڿԽԽƯˣ治֪˭СôиȢңңСŮϱ
𣿡ңңЦտ˼ô
ѾߵҶСⷬԻ¶Цݣĸоܰϧĸʹ粻ڣҪ͸ˡ
ϴѵص뷨첮ƻˣǹ٣ּ뿪εأҪ˵ˡӼ仰º˵ˡڵɩֻǰ￴֮صģǵУ˾㲻ǳ˵ҰҲ࣬˵ǣǵЩĵ׼ųɡ
ɣ
ҶСܵ룺ⶼˣ˼Զô

Ҷʷ
ղˣ
ŶӦóƺ㡭Ȩ֪ةҶ˲ǣ
ɲ԰ҶССģЦ
ò豭ǲ˲ҶĭӣƤɨҶСһۣҶСǷӣֻѰƨɷϣ׼¹ټϹʱĹģֻǡϵЦе٣ɿĻη
СӣһõɽˮĵطԱҲô
ƤһûһµزŲҶĭû˼ҶСĢҶС־ھǣΪãȻֵͣȴҲ޷Ե˽£ؾ׼ǰɡ
ɰ̾˿ع˽ķܺð˵ȥ󺵣취Ϊս˾㣬ˮֱ̣ڷá
ҶСǷְһ͸츣һⶼ¹Ӧġ
ɵٻ˵ȥһˣҲ˴󹦡
ҶСңңһŻǱѲ˾´󹦵СҶѲ졣
ɺǺһЦһŻΪ˵Ѿʮˡ粻ܽ˳ܽ˳ƫƫαصʷʱǱ˳ˣҪ˵ûĹͣôء
Ц΢΢˵һ䣬ҶСͷ΢ݣβЩùѲ˾ںزܣ²˶ɽƾľ̶ȣȻ֮
ҶСھʱÿ򽻵ĶǸ߹٣ٳ֪ʶ֧飬ʵյľ黹һĲ࣬Ը֮صļС׾٣ػԵĴǰȴƾѡ
ϧصƾĹͣбԣȨ֪δؾͲȥǣ״ֵó͢ޣ˵첮ĲףɻǨŭںع£ҲΪˡ
ҶСһϻ̳Ͽֵӣд֮ģ¹Ǹм¹ֻһְС٣ͣΡ
ɲĶһ٣Ȼ˵ҶةغգֻȡãҺӵܣ̣ŵ誣˵ںĻ𣿺ο͢źʹͣΪִⲻأ
ҶСֱЩ֪Ҫ˵ˣҶСˣ¹ٿնڸգӦòִοм˰ĺôʵ׵ģ񣬶ǹ٣
ɵɫһ۾΢΢ҶС٣ĸ٣
ҶСȻ٣Ϊʲô٣
ɵɫ滺΢Ц٣֪˾ѾǰնҲȥϮٵȨ˲ŵԸֻĿҲϮǡαںأ
ҶС̾˿ڴУֻĿϵٲŽ٣ڳֻ͢Ʒٲǹ٣ҵȲְ٣ֻԸ߼һЩһСУȴҲǹٰ
صطҲˣ¹˵٣ɲָ͢շЩ٣Щһկ֮һ֮һ֮һ죬ڵط˵һȨ˫٣ʤ١
͢ԵطϿƵԽϸ񣬵طնԳ֮͢ԽǿǶԵطϵĿҲԽС£ôأλկΪ죬벻ǵ֧֣˼ɣҲˡ
ĿⶸȻͻȻʵٰѴи㣬ǻת𣿡


44 
ҶС֪ؼʱˡɽô࣬ҪʽףԲһ£ɶԳ͢иû棬ɾͻᱣة֮λ
ةСôСڳ͢ϵĴԱ˵һةССǶڵµϰ˵ȴǽڰǿȨƷĹԱ
ҶСδְ٣Ӳһ಻ְ˵ԽһִתڻҪѰٱԽһĹ١
Ĺ٣ǴӾƷȻǾƷӰƷƷ׼ȷ˵ҶСةλãʵľͲֻļǾŵһӴҶС췢λǾһðڲˣǸԼʲôװɣ
ҶСѣɿĹ˼ɣǺһЦ˿ڲ裬Ȼ˳ٲźôǽæúܣɲںضൢ顣Ǵ²ܵõ
ɳ̾ϢһҶСһᣬǰǺ»ʲôҴĻǣδ뿪裬ôһ֣Ϊ롰ƿôǰ˼񻰣һӾʵһ룬ݴ
ҶС̧ͷȻղˣ¹١Ըһԣ

æСС⡭
߷˰һһУȴɣɣ첮շĸҸǣߴţղһҿɳﲻ𡣡
߷ʵūֻ˵仰ͺãҴ̫࣬ͼ仰ū˵ߡ
߷˵ž͹ȥסĴȿధ󡣽֮ڶ˶ţɣһӣʱһ뿪
߷ΪЦͷлūҼסˣ
סͥԺǳ£ͥԺһ쾮Ҳܻơ쾮зһ첮ήڣ޾ɡͷһյƣҵĵƹϡ
߷˵쾮ԣŵһȥ·ڸ㿴ţʱҪ죡
߷˴ӦһǽڴȥɫʱһǲģĵǱײȥ·š
߷˷Ųǰȥһ첮ҵӣͷһᣬʱ
߷˵ί첮ģֻһɽôõദ˷ǲľûһ飬첮ĵһۼ³ס
첮һʱңû˼ԣʱرǿңŶӣһǣȻһŲȴҲ̧ͷһۣһвһæ̧ͷͿ߷ˡ
첮˫һٿһ˹ȥץסصߣôˣǡղϷŹô
߷ҡҡͷ
īʣֻȼʣһ汸ŮԾȻֽϣǻһЦȻ˶ӨӨɳճնΣȻ뵽˶Ѿ˸ü֮ͻ֮ɫ
һץǷͼݺݵ˺ϡã߷ߵһޱȼ޵صһ̶峺׵ȪֻҲ㣬ΪʲôҪԸʶ䣬ΪʲôҪǵȱײ˱һǲˮ
ʹ죬ȴͷŵ¡ȻѼޣκΣãƳ̾į߿ƿ˷š
쾮У첮ҧгݵصҶС죬죡һڣҾŹ
첮ıлչҴС㣬ֻҪܼһʱ䣬Ȱˣ˭֪ƫƫɱҶС죬Źһ٣ںǽ塣òֱȣƫƫҶСͷ
ûҶСԩҶͷͰѺسУ˴֮Ҳ˳Уʱؿϲ¥ʱлʵϱ;һׯأ
߷ϣصˣ»лôɲܡ͢һ棿
첮ĬȻãҡҡͷ߷еɶʱ
첮ĲЦںأֻ졣ڻʵУȹٶʵڲʲôһأõľ棬ҲǰΪˡ
߷ͷһץס첮ĵ֣ˣٶ㲻˰ɡΪãǱúˡҶС죬ǶģֻҪƽ󡭡ǾͰݷݵعӡ
첮ĴΪ⣬ԭͼľһ檵Ĳƺɫ߷ԸίȻͼȨƣ˫ԭֻĽϣû뵽ʱգ߷˾Ȼ顣
첮Щжʱ־Ҫ٣٣ִΪɻҪǿҼ֣ȻǰȴһٵػҶСϣ첮ܹġ
һ뵽ҶС죬첮Щ鶯ʱޱߵɱãֻõĽܿܡͷ˵ܹұôңθĹһţֻɱֻҪɱԸ⸶һУ
վܺ棬ĵŶⷬԻĿ˸˼£ȻįɫһĨЦ⡭

ʷδƷ֮£ְ٣ةְλȱʱְɵʷΡ˵ʷְѡʵǩڡ͢١
첮۾֮ˣҶСȨ֪ةְΪδ֮ľ޴ϰʵԵʷݼةְģһְλһɴתҶС죬ûж˻ˡ
ƺֻҪҶС죬ôϷκ漣ѳȻةֱӱҺˡȨ֪֣ѾةŰݷ˺ܶࡣ
ЩӦ飬ҶֻԭӵʤΣλڹܼѸ˴ܼңⶼҪٳ֣Ĺ֮£µҲ
ǰݷҶСûҲٵټ⼸ƵɽկԵ÷ǳæµʵ谭Լ뷭Ϊ練ƣ̫񲻾֤֮ǰķǳ⣿
˵عɶԴ˶ӹҪġҶСӹ򣬸оҲˣȥװˣɻϴͷ
ҶСȥһ˸߼կͬλկһپƣżصֱղԯɣѳɹ˵죬ͬˣȻկկķͻҪеģΪկկޣܴæ
ɹƼҶСٲҪúôô۵ĻˣһҶС˵뱸ɴϲϾ״Ҷة֡
Һ壬㷽ҵǳƣΪѡһ磬ѧٶûǸΪѵ첮ģֻǸ޶ĿġӡҶС죡


45 
״ѧٶٿˣ˻Щˣÿ˶֪Ѿ졣ԴӸ££ڣȨƵǸˣҶ
λկʹǩֻѺŵȷȫկոաͶұʥּλկƷıãΪ˾٣Ϯ档
⵱ȻһڲǵļĽҲկʵԲܵõķֻͣиںҡźķݶֺǲֵͷϵġ
еú˳Ѱ˳һεһֱۣǷƿɳ£״ϵʱɾȻСźȻֻеһָоɲϣ
ҶةúܺãЦݿضҶС
֪վֽ˷˼滤·ƣةղԯηֲˡڳĺعԱҶةΪ𣬷ȻҪͷ
ҶСǷղ˹
ؿҶСһۣɵִˣæµ˰죬ӷˣǻȥЪϢɡ
׵ãǻԯҶةһǾҪؾǣ㰲һ¡
ҶСǷǣְ磬ȫعΪ״˳ɺأͬʱҲΪλղ˽Уλղ͹⡣
˲ߣҶС΢΢һЦҲȥһߣڹΧҶС죬ģϲ֮ͽ֮λկǼȼֲȻЩ˵ֱףǴӵҶСߣжʾΨҶհ
ҶС뿪ѧʱڹǰӵһ㣬ոżһ켱ɳɤӺҶˣҶˣ²··ϡ
ҶСֹüͷ²ãҲ̫ЩɣֳʲôˣĪǻ֪Ǳֳ˲ӣ
ҶСʵʲô¡
ǲ켲ϵҶСߣһ̧ͷЦ˵أ
һ̧ͷҶСͷˣȻһӣü٣첮ġҶСû뵽Ѿ첮Ļɴһ
첮ĺݺһҶС죬ЩûмҶСģȫ벽ҶСվסҲվסˣʱۼдֻ̣üһ赲
ҶС쾪һ亹ˣŸżһȥֻһ첮ľһʱѪעʱλկŷӦ͵ذγǵ嵶
첮һ֣һһҶСԡѪλկγ嵶ɫͻȻһĪĿ־壬һµӷ񱼶ȥ
ʵҶСһӵڣһأӵʱ첮һ̵ţֻһƤѪûȴأֻǿͦˡ
λկסҶС죬һһƬһͬСɣеҶˣҶˣ죡Ű̧Ҷȥҽ
ҶСס˿ڣɫ԰ףصץסܡܵ
ۻͷһԱ̵ΣһʱæңŰ̧ȥˣȥץ̿ͣһתǡʱһſȡ
ǻƷɣɱةľѾˣƷֵ峤ɵ䣬ò仯СټɽԻʶıȽ٣ʱǨ˻ĵǼµ£ʱҲĿʾˡȻڹٷĺӷʵǲõġ
żҪױϴð䲶Уն·ѵļʱͰ˸ӡʱͻָ˱òȻ˿ɱղͬҲֻΪòФơ
ҶСûƷɽˮ棬ܹˣԼҪڹٳϻ죬ܲһֱˡƷɰǹٸӶ̽ӣ鵽һЩո˻֪غ;ǧҪ֪ҶС졣
ƷһҶСŶӣλկţѪ߰ߣɴʧɫæ磬ôˣ
ЩĸˮغȵݵýǰλկҲеݡҶСصԼˣ
ҶСô˵ÿ·ƷɼϵҶСߣҶСû£첮ġԽˣȥץҪʹѣ
ҶС˵ţôѪ߬һ»Ʒɵ֡Ʒɻصͷ첮ߵķ򣬱㼱׷˹ȥ

ŲҴҵشʮֳִսһӣ󻹸żƣ翸Ųٶ
ҶСĸۡǺصһҲû˱ȵϣһֶҶСٶǮңҲǶʱںһЩ˼ܱȵģǾǵ̡
Ҫ۵ģÿһҲҪڼɳĹһɳҶСӶЩˣСС˼ҳôһңûǸ۽磬ҲûǸ
ӣ֪Ҷѵõóֵȫٳ֡ҶС˹٣ǾһںعеԸʱ߶
͵Ǻʲλ˼ұЦֻҶС죬ʮģԸϵʮִ֣һЩӦ֮Ķֵ࣬ͻš
ոչսһŪǰͻһ˿񱼶ʮǱﶨһɴһһӣӦճģΪ󺺣䣬°ϣģ첮ġ
첮ܵúòǱƾһԹɱҶСߣһ̳ȴͻȻеȵĿ־壬й󣬴ֻжη壬Ⱦܣ֮Ǳ汻ӿˡ
ͻȻǰ첮Ѿܲˣһ߻żˣֻģ˫ϥһ͹˵ϣſ֪ˣ֪ˣһͷŹҰɣ
첮һѪµҶС죬ƵȴԼĵﲢ֪ȥɱҶС죬ǰҶС춷ʧܣղʵ֪ģһǱֻԽӳ
ﱻ첮в֪εԹޣǿ˿Ǳȴֲһᡣϡǵ˸ոճ׵ʱȻƶȴҲʲôʱѬģΪĿĲֶˡ
첮ߵͷ絷⣬ͷѪĳһŤ߰ɣֻû㡣
ߣ
Ʒɴһǽⷭ˹


46 
첮һȻض󡣵ؽʱԺֻĺ⣬ֻǵһ붼ҶСֻ벻ϧһаҶСɱѹûԼ
ΪѾηˣǵһȥѪֵʱԺͻȻŷȴǱѩ޵Ŀ⣬޾Ŀ־壬־Եǿҿ첮ʲô룬ֻҪţĿʹʧ̬
ƷɳǴָҪõˣߣ
Ӿңӡ
첮£ƷɱЮԽżƣʱԾǴʱ첮ֻǱĴڿధ󣬸벻һˡ
һų˿ͻȻޱ¸ңֻҪĴ̼Խĵޣֻѹķŭڻ۵ٽ㡣һ¸ҵҲͻȻüųֻҪܴݻΪֵĶ
첮ĲˣֻһߣһͬѰˣһעŲͬڷ˵ļͷչȻһлˣŭȴֲ֧Ǿͱ⸱ʧǵӡ
ӣҺͿұɣ֪ˡ㻹ǵǸոճ׵ʱǶôĶ㻹ǵ𣬼żңңȫԴȥ峤Ķӣ߳
£Ϊ̫ɹ˰ŬˣŬˣҷ֣ûмûǿӲĿɽұȱ˸㣬Ҳ޷ȡóɹ֪жҲġҲš
첮ĺޣһᣬˮ̲סۿ˻λΡӣ첮Ѿû˷֮飬Ⲣܾ顣ӵеĹͬеĳ첮ĵĿ߻ļ䡣
ƷֵܣŹһΰɣһΣ㡭￪Ʒˣˮ̲סǸӣƷɵҲ̲סһ£漴Ӳĳҡҡͷ
Ʒû˵ǻεǰһ

첮˺ѷεһУŵû겻塣Ҳ֪ôģ첮ôһʹǰһˣȻſ˫۰ѻƷɽرסˣ߰ɣߣҡҰһΣӴ޹ϸ𣡡
첮ĴһѻƷɽסͻȻͷһϲһûԣ͵·һֻŵӣɿسС
ƷץŵʣŵӸոհγһ룬رסѹֱϣͦûƷһҲҶ
һʮ꣬ӲһŮôţġĸоͷһԺѣΪƱҪиӴƷ˶ˣֻܲſſң
ĿϷֻ֣ǽرԲ𣬶Բ𡭡
첮ĳ嵽·ڣŲ·ǰ񱼣ܲԶǡǰӿҲʣмһСΣԱ߻һλ״Ԫ۵Ķһƥϣȴһ˼ӭס
첮ľй׷Ƶģһͳ˹ȥ
ף㡭ǡ
ľ첮ѧͬѧһ첮Ĳɴһ첮ֱģһܹȥһѱסĵĴȣȥȥ
ʲôӴӣӡ
ı첮ıסһƣˤȥ첮ļĵһͷһ룬еݣݣſڷرȥ
ˣ첮ļһĶҪǻӣҲģҲģıߣֽѴ˿̣Ҳģȥȥϣ²գ˼ģֻҪšš

˵ʵء
ʵ˵Ĳء
ҵʵء
ƵĻҶСҲ֪˵ٻˣҶСӸôСֻǴС֣ëǸƿڴƿڴ۾תת̫þһֱ齱ߣ֣۾ģԡ
Ա⣬үǣһһƵģҳȥУߣƾҶСν˵ǶţҶСڷˣĿֻܰݺʬĽɫ
㿴ˣǹңۿһ˿ڴСؿڣѪģģܲ˿ǲص㡣ʱʾǻʲôʱֻҪûЩǿ϶Ҫ˼˼ġ
ǡ͵ԽԽأҶСȻҲʧΪһ¸ĺð취˵Ǯ˭Ǯҧְ

Ҷة̣˵زأ
һҶС̣ʱҲһصСҲãҶةȫѪ̧ȥˣС˱ŶСҲá
ãȻվǶ˵˥ù͸֮ͻĪҵùڿʼˣة군ˣ۾֮ʵ۲ƽϣһδɱͬŵĴһҲע޸ĿܡҶС죬ôˡ٣ǱأҪҵˡ
챣ӣҶСô˰ɣǿ˷ܣϱֳȴޱȵĹкأ죬ϱΣҪȥ̽Ҷˡ

첮ѣҶة̣
һٿâ
ִˣִˣ²á
ɸҪǱŵĲѯ䣬˾ʹҴҵظ˽ɰڰ֣ǲվһߣ˲ɫصү¾Ű
ɵִˣ첮ˣ
ɵŶѲû˿ô
ɰյصˣΪȫĺܣΧδ֣˭֪
ź
ɺ޺޵صȻ˵ģ˭֪ͷȻˣԱ߻ԿףǱ˲СԿף첮ļߣô죿
Ǻǣ˲ذգ첮һӵĶȥץҲˣ
ѾȻ˵ʲôȻ˵ƣʸڷֽ֤ţʱúͿҪͿһ£Ƕ˵ΪˣҪһˡ

磡Сܣûץ첮ġ
Ʒɻʱ򣬿ѾˣԷﰲࡣһҶС죬Ʒɾʹͷһ
ˣǺǣǻǧ꣬ˣ߾˰ɣˡ
ҶСԽǿ꣬ƷԽܣû׷ҲͰˣǡƷҲԼʱΪʲôˣ޸֮ôû
үƷɵĴҡ̡߽߲һҶСǰүūҵĴūҲ֪Ȼ˺үԡūүͷ
Ʒһæ磬治£Сܲá
ҶСüƶصڸʲôݣݣأ
ҶСŤͷһ֪ʱһֱߵ̫þѲ֪ȥ


47 ĲҾ
ڶϵķĵǶƿƿ޹ޡ
ϵĴܳ㣬Ϊ˽ϰκڹٳ˼ԼһΪȢţôǿʹҲû취ǿҪȻҲһЩ
ƳԵĶϵȻֻԼʦλϣȻûôʱƣҲʹ˷Լļƿƿ޹ޣһЩƷĹƳ档ڳƷȻˣ̫Σգ˵Ʋ֣⸮ȴֻһߣͨˡ
̫÷ЩƳ棬ôİƷҪרʮҲô࣬ԴӸҶС죬ѾһĸȻȤĶҲҸĶ࣬ѾڹˣƾĻô໹δĹƳ棬ûǺ׵ġ

һ߷һţЩƳЩ˵ģЩ޷ںϵģҪһֻƷƳ棬ǾɱõģҪôƿƿ޹һЩѡ
첮ǱץߵģھȻˣ첮ֲʲôĸ֣ƾʲôܹߣ˺ҶСжԹµֻô
Ļ֣ҶСѾ׷ˣųɳ˵뷨ǲϳģÿһ£ĿҲһЩڽ꣬ôǿҵֶΣȻҲ˼˵ֶα
ԣǷ׷뿪ëǴ˵˵ʱҶСЦ˵˼仰ˣ£ǵеޣ伫
ڽʱ򣬿һΣԴһ˵ģŪпĪ磬ͱ֧ʹ˴һүأˣ˱ûôһ£ĺӦҲЩֻҪʹ˹ٴӨӨ⣬ٴҵͺã
ҶСġһΣݿɲӦҶСȷʵأǲΪ飬ΪҶСãҶСŹˣݹﲻģˣһ
һ书̬СŮ˵Ըһǿ׳ˣ屾ǮʲôȻУһǾöһʹһӣǾùơ
ݰѡֻСһֻСİƷƳ棬ǡÿԺϳһֹƶֹƶأ
ߣ۸С磬ǻʵۣҲøۣ
зĹ⣬Ц˳ȥ
Ժһһ¯ӣƵҽҲΪ߰һ岹ѪĲҩſǶϸѡŸҩԷץҩΪרעټʵ̫Ծȥݹû

첮ɽӻԭĲѧҲڶɣ˭ԩ·խ·ǡس̽ҶСĻ֪غܰͷЩˡ
첮Զǣ˵Ķӣ˹ٵܰͷҲû뵽ڰ·ϻܰͷ׷ѳһ
첮ɽһӣǵĶ֡Ƕ֣첮֪ҶС죬˾ǻ磬ϾҶСһֱռϷ磬ȴʵѹסˡ
ӣӣ첮ĵ·ѾˣҲˣͷɢǱܰͷƶ׷˰죬ˣȴ·ˡʱ첮վһƬһãȻ֪ô߳ȥ
첮ĺȻһУ²ݴͻȻһһʮסĽŲӣ˵˿С
жϹˣС̵ģǸʲôģ
첮ĵ°ͱ˿סˣһšͿһԼïܵͷֱԣͷǺӣΪǱŵģһʱӻûӦڿˡ
㣬ʲôġ
ǴӶݺݵʵ첮ıһϮӣ类εã϶¶һƬƬļȫԭˣЩһԿóǹٸӥצ
첮ĻΪɽԻæλף·ģ·λ׷ָһ·ɽֵܱгл
磬˰ɣǲڴˣɲܽйٸ֪
һ󺺰γ˵ۿһõģҲüǮǮ˲һǵôǸոս˳͢һʾ裬ٱ׷ǵ䣬ɲ֪ܽڴ˴
Ҫλ˵ʵ˵ʵҡӷʵӷ첮֪ɽϸĿڡͬʱһϲǹ٣ԷҲ˱ٸͨﷸ׽˷Ӧˡ
ٺ٣ûһ滰ϸƤģǸӷ
ԱǸɽӵһ٣첮ġӴһˤ
˵˵ɣ㷸ʲôﰡ
һֻŲϣŪʵȻǲ첮ĵĻ첮ĽͰ͵صҡǱһ˼ңơ˭Ǽǡûɫһʱ⶯͡ٸ׷
첮ĵɱةķṦΰ˵һ˵¶ģ˿šɱٵ¶Щʵϸˣ֪Ҳǹ٣ܷĹδ֪
磬СӲԲʵˡ
ţ
λΪֹ£첮ģн͸һζ첮ĵӱεã¶Ƭ׶飬Ƥ⻬𪣬üҲܿ㡣
Ȼжʮ꿪ʼ룬˳룬ڴɱҶСʱΪ˱ⱻҶС쿴ɣѺҲˣһʱʮ㣬ǳУ֮һɾͿĶˡ
Цٺٺ١ǷµģǾͬϴνپ裬˲٣Ҫȥ
ðð
첮Ͷ·ʱһҪ˿Ϊѣϲϻصлλлλ費ҪͶ״ڣСɱˣ֤ľġ
ҧŵĲݹһ£ЦصͶ״ͲˣֵܻʱͺãȻʱһ㿳ǹٸҲûáӽ͸һ죬㡣
첮ֺõصллӽԺСľˣ

緢һŵĴЦִĸ첲첮Ĳһһ߹ţһʵֵܣʲô֣
첮ܳصСܡС࣬ף
ŶСװۣóʲôˣǵĻĶҡѴӻϡ
˵ţȻһһͰ첮Ǽӳˡ

󣬷紵ƨƨȻҶˣ첮Щ߾ӹµۣϣȻһ˫ǯĴֱסˡ
ҲǼϸţʲôʲôԣԡеİȡ
ɽһĲҽУ׷չ衣


48 
ΪҶС˵£λղӻ˻ؾг̡ϵĽȻȡˣڶһ磬ָҶҶС졣
ʵ֪һҶС֮йڵģ֪첮˿ܵˣ³д¼λүѲ˸ϵǻɹ黳ɣû֤ݾû֤ݣүݣʹ˲˵ģҪ˵ȥˡ
һͬԭʿǵ£ӳĹһţһ׷ʹ򣬲׽ӰҲЩ˵Ȩ
ɹȴһṹǧһֱˣʮȶ˾ңʵһϮļΡֻܵѬȾУǻʵۼģƹ˾ƻʵۣ⵱ȻǼɻҲˣعҶСҲӵ壬ΪǲģҶСˡ
Ҳ״˵ط겻ͬ޿֣ԲɵĿ£Ϊף̹ȻҶ֮̽У˭Ұôأ
Ұôȷʵ࣬ûУҶСְСپǸҶСŮ˸еõķԷ˼
λү뵽Բ衣СĻЩɹ۽λүǳͿλղԱԼкѾͣҶȻÿš
ֻЩԱڵλͼƽʱĵطȥ˼˿ɲҲдСطȻˣǰƷүɴ˵ԱʹƫԶɽСУҲ˲õĹˣȻҪмӡ
λղԱк⣬شӦһܶҡڵظǰԺƫԲ裬һһԳһԴط˵Խ
Ǹһ뿪һСӰɵΣֻһɲǵĹŮӽгˣڽվſһЦתﳤȥֻôƬ̹ݾѾѹƶúˡ
ɶڲܰҶС׷ףЩǸΣԵ˵棬ֱԲضҶСӰŵһҪةλӣɴת
˵ʵۼΪ׸֮٣Ϊȷ˳УؾͷλկΪ٣Ϯ棬ʵ۶Ҳʩ͡
ݱЩǵ£㲻Ϯ֮ȨҲһµļȡָ֮ͬһڲнУɽկӵɱȨʼɽկˡ
͢벻⣬ֻǶܷã̶ͨ͢һڲͳߣ㲻ȷ˭ͳߣֱӲ֣ȻԳ͢˵һģβһӰء
Ƕڳ͢ԿƵ٣ļǾǺܲѰˣǴµսֻӹ繷ƨĻʵۣſֹأδܱ֤ҶСһλ
ҶСĵ̫ˣֲµʿƷĽ׼ְתΪƷǾǺܴʹͣϾһԾȥ൱Ծš
ɡذ£ɸ˱֤ҲΪԣԭ޿ܣҶСѡع٣ȷʵǿǨһֽݾ
ҶС˵Ѫ㻻һŵҲǻϲɵĻҶСͻ룺һļٰһôǲϾӭȢӨˣ
ֺ¶ȻҲֻˣȱڸ״ƹصĹݣֻҲǿġ

ҹɫã첮ſéþ˯
ѱɽǵϢ֮أЩɽǽ°˴ʵǻǿ˭Ҳû뵽ǾȻǱھôĵطһܣԷԻûб˷֡
첮ѾױˣֻһҶС³ԹɴҲûҡҶСʹŹһ٣һ˾ѧһСƶġֻ
ΪةλҶС֮ϣȴҶСƣ̨ܵϾʳűӱ˵ˣʱ˺ֻ档
һҶС죬ȴҶС췴һְշ˵׵Ĵûˣ׵ҲûˡҲһ˵
ľľɲЩ¶˵ĹٸʣɴɽҲЩɽϲһ𣬿ơ
ľȻǸſĺǿԣǶ»ǺһֵģЩ븮ǧ˿Ƶϵ첮һ㣬ͨ߷͸¶˴ϢӶʹǳ֡
ͨ籨ţǻɽ˽ĵϸ״ӻʵ⡣Ȼ˭뵽ЩɽŰ˶һ˵Եĳ辳أԸˡ
ڽ첮һֱͨ߷ЩɽϵЩɽ֪ĴڣҲ֪Щɽ˭򡭡˿̵ľһЩɡ
ͻȻһˣ첮ܾƵĻعͷе˵ģǱǸСͷĿλЩһɽͷĿľ
ľаЦݣ첮ЩʲôЩɽҽᣬܣȱľŮˣԣһЩĻǷ²ֻҪһЩͳǵй𹤾ߣ˿̣Ҫݵɾֽɫ
첮ҧأر۾û뵽ԼдƷڵأлһ˵ʱ򣬿ֻĬĬܡеļֶҶСߣͳһʬ⣬ʣµΨһǶĿͶĿ־塣

ղԯԡ˺ͨͨģһֻճϺӡ
Ѿϴ˵裬ˮȣ̵ļͨ죬ǻһûϴɾĸоϸˣûκΰĵط˼⡣
Ҳ֪ô£Ҷʱһӣ;ճʪĸо˴ᣬǿ̵ԯϽԸˮ½һȴûκ״
ĸоȴûʧֻһˮϴ裬ֱ˿̣˶ĵġĸоʧˡ˿һӣصһɣռҶСΣȾ˷ܣЩź
Ϊ첮ĿҶСһ죬˭Сʵ󣬾Ȼӹһ١˶˵ҶСƺأҶСʱҶСɫҰףϢ٣Ҳȷʵ˼صˣͷĺԻһЩ
Ҫ뿪ؾˣֵĻᣬһ͢Ҳ治ǿֵģĻѾУʵźǡ
ǰֳָӨӨŽ˵ףϧȥҶվûпһ뵽һ㡢·˶ҶСһǲӣɾͼȵĲġ
ôأһȥҲûлˡɸ˵ţҶС˵˷ܸеȻ޴棬еֻ޾ʧ䡣


49 
λղ뿪˺ء
ʱ죬Բ˻ʵ۽ʹȻЩۡڻؾüٵλãͬʱ°ԲҲõʵλʱȻмӳá
ҶСڹݷչԸΪϧҶСڹݾжǰ;ﲻ̫ӽʿݣԽʿΪҪ׼ȴӼһ˾·˾ң򻹲缷ڿƾľϸϣ
ǣȻҶСŵˣͻ쵽Ĺλûʧ˵ĵοһССةλãΪȾǸ߹٣ǸöģҪۡ
ߵʱȴȻΪܹǣӵĹ֮óͨϸлλ˶ؾʱܹЯͬС
ǣںظûмӨӨӨӨѾ˸ǸˮӣѾһǲĸˡںֻǼǸޱʹ޵ˡҶС졣
ΨһοǣûɱҶС죬ǸҶС˺ܴ˺һͷԹԵõ⡣ڳУ뵽ҶСɫ԰׵ģ˵¶һ˿Цݣֻ֪ڷſµı仯
ҶС첻ǿвŮ˵⣬ȴԼһֻҪ˴ӴٲһҲֵõģֻҪǴۡݲܣ˵⣬͵øĴۣ˾ۡ
߳ɽôãȻҲǸ֪ߵغɽŮ޶ˣѡһֺرĹƳ棬ķҪӳٵԺͲ˻ںежˡ
ȻΪĪĹƶʱ򣬳ǼĹʦǿģʱƶֻᱻǵһ֢С޴Լ˳ɲǸ鷳
ˣľѪǱ׳ŵĹƳ棬򳹵׻һ档һֱض֦ǿӡȨƺΪҶС졣
ҶСڱϢģһˣȻƲأȻ֮ǰߣǴةҪȺʽʱ˶粨ÿٵ˶ףʱܶ͵͸ö͵Ȩλû־Ϳʼצѳɴ
ʱҲ쳣ĵ͵첮İ̫ܵˣһûʻʵİƷةֱӱһӷ̳ȻһµĴϴƣΪʧߵѣʱΨһľǳĬʧȥһȨǱȻģݷʤ
ȻʱҲʲô첮Ϊշ̶ӷ첮һ߽ˣǰδͶҶСˣʱԥѡҶСʾˡÿҶݷõ粻˵Ҷҵһľһͭȥ˵ҪһʵżԭѾ챻ƽˡ
ǰͶҶС죬ҶСȥͶ첮ĵЩ˾ˣûͶҶС죬ҶСҲܽǵĳĺα֤˵ҳϣ
ԣֻѡҪôǻ磬Ҫô硭£˲Щ˾ͷֻ֣һͶ˻£һͶ
ϽЩ˲ϡ棬ʱ򻹸ľٶȴˣ첮ĶҶ˵Ķ֣ҽ첮ĵľɲͲ´ŭҶС
ЩŵˣȴòһϵʱݷóһȨֻǶʧܵıȻڹٳʵһֳ̬
첮ΪصĶ֣κβҶСİ֣ͬģΪֵҶС죬ֺγκε֣ץסСӣȻˣܰô
ôܲ첮ĵľɲ첮ĵľɲҽյĻ˭ҶС춷ʱ˭¾˶Ҫġ
ԣⲻԼһᣬͬʱҲһʿսûгʤٳϸǣյʧܣվͲʤ
Ͷˣڷ硱õĺعٳҲվζӵˣǼȻͶûлһѡֻصĸߣһȺҳϿɿˣеգ
ͶЩУƴΪסƴˣҲˣеӹ֮ƴҲ̫ӣֻľҶС첮ĶǼˣЩ¸ӲԼسֻһɱආͶͦصġ
ҶС͵͵֪ȴߵĲˡ˶Ъˣλ󵱼ȻҪǣ󰸡ǮȰũɣٽѧάΰҪϾǧץ֪س˴æˣæİ˽֩һųת

Ļ֪߽һƨɾϣ۽ѱˮʪ·ѡ̫ƣˣĵطǲη꣬һ̫ѡ
֪ظʵµȷʵ̫Ҳֻڲ׾ˣֲˣһ۸·ʱܳţһϣֱָŲһˡ
үȺȿȲ衣
֪ظոƣ̾˿ŷ˾ͳˡ
Ů˾ìܵΪĻ磬𡣿ۼɷ۳ģޱۡŰȲڼϣƮת֪رΪ
Ѿг׼ˣүЪЪү¹ȻҪүҲչ˺Լѽôôƴء
û취ѽֻϺݷϳеκΡҶةһѵõĸɲţϧˣΪͶܱܲ˹ʱȻ򣬵ΪϾҳһŰɣֻЩˡ
֪ŴԼϵ֣һεǣȴǳĮƺûĲǻһ˿ڽЦ⣬ֻϧվ󣬸
ү
һӿ𣬺Ȼỷס˻֪صĲӣڻĺϣᵽͦƣ֮ӺȻЩȣһ𣬱йȥ
Щ۹ۣϵѹأǿҪе֮飬Ǻܶ飬ѹʵСҪѹֶҶСĳޣ֣γǿ£ˮ֮رǿҵĿһĲȻԷġ
ǣһ뵽ԭϾѾһۣһ뵽ϣлȡǸ˵Ķĳ棬;࣬ҶС죬ƻҶСüֵùٴô죿
翿Ż۾ḧƣŶΪ롭ɸ檡
΢΢һ̾˿ŶҳôˣһҡҲܶԲ𻨼ҵѽңҲиӳлϥ¡
תţϵصģ۵Ŀ϶㣬Զ㡣ֻҪһԼ⣬Ⱥ϶Ҫģ˵ĺӡ
ĬĬشͷһŮ˷ɷİȻԸһСܵĽڸɷһͻݵӣҲǵôˣȷʵһһԼԭأ
ǰɷ檣ԼǸҲ֤ʵܻкתˣûڻңΪļ֣׵̬ȺɷľΪռҶɷ֮ǿŻҵǮܶ١
ΪųĸԺͲţһδαϣܿճһܰɣǮȨɷôҲôõĹˣҶӰڽ
ԼȷʵûãǿҪֹ᲻ᷴʧȥɷĳ谮ֻҪ߳ӰģصĴɷǱʲôãֻɸʲôأ
ԥãŻ˵ͷ
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翪ĵս֣ģΪǲḺģ


50 
֪Ըһ̣ȢУŵͷӦĵڶ죬֪ؾ˿ʼˡѭ֪Ϣȥլҽѯ֪Եɺ󲻽Ȼŭ
ѭɲô˵ֵܵȻԼ㣬ѭܵվһһ֣֮ͨ䲻ʱ𻨼ʱռҶжٶݣѻ֪߳ŭ
֪ʵˣܻغѭŷڵأݺݵشһͨӡһſˣַս֪Ҳ⣬æµǱʹ˰æѡ檡
Ȼڹٳϻ֪ز˾ηϾƷ٣СС˼һϸŰͽᣬûþѡһ˼ҵĹŮ귽ʮׯ֪ؿ⣬Ȼæڹûղٰϲ£ȴȰƸˡ
ѭ챻˶ʮ壬ƨɶˣҩһ죬Ȼôʹˣ͵ϸߣڼסͽ˰̧ţɽȥҶС죬߷߲ƽҶС߿ࡣ
ҶСţѭſţһѵܡҶСѭ˵գΪȻص˵ϵܣΪ£

㲻
ѭ۾Ҳԣʲôԣ
ҶСʲôԣ㲻Եĵطأ˵һ׮ûиҵãǰɣ
ѭǣǣҽûҽҩ˼ж˵ˣҽûë
ҶСĻǣ˭ܱ֤ûãһԭ檻ûõĻ˭ҲԹš㲻檣ڻ˵ȵߣϥӣҪǰֵͷϣ˵𣿡
ѭ칣˹ӣ˵ˡ
ҶСʱӾȫ㵣šǴˣ֪ش˵ķˣͬˣСʲô˵ǲĲԣ
ѭݺݵ°ͣ벻Ĵʶ
ҶСֵߣ㲻ΪǮƸɫҲѰ£ҪǳֹûվסɣοڵܡүҿСʮ˸ˡ
ѭ조ٺ١ظЦǣϵ˿ڣסǡӴһ
ҶСǵڶˣ˵ǵ¶㲻ܻ˼˵˽ºôֻǵļ£㵱ô˵̫ү²̨Ķ𣿡
ҶС˲ӣŵ䲻Եǣ㲻ҶĶ⻰Ҫ˵ڲ˵˽Ҳ˵
ѭ۾ô˵ãȷȷʵʵǿҼңҪȻн죿
ҶСɸֵصѽ㲻˵ѵͲֻ֪裡
ѭ㬵صҼҵǮʱ裬ھ;ˣ
ҶСûڵڣô˵ڶ̫үǹ٣ϣôǶ裡ѭ֣±ռҸм㣬ôϣö֮Ҳֻᣬֱ鵱裬ʱ򡭡
ѭȻˣ˰Σ૵صᡭ𣿡
ҶСؿԼһиô㡢㣬ŭǲŭ
ѭӺ׶۾˼˰ΣѭһۣҶСؿʵô
ѭһص̫үȢ˸С檣
ҶС˰죬
ѭڨЦǣҰԼ̫үʱľֻˡ
Сӡ
ҶСǺǺЦҲѭ˵뿪ЦĻҲǴĽˡҶСѭ쵱ԼѣȻԸʧֵͣüլ뿪пο
ʱƷɼҴҵ̤һҶС죬ϲص磬Ϣˣհͷ
ҶС쵹ûѭ죬ΪƷһ˵֪ȻǹЩɽϢµѭ죬ҶСϲϢˣ˵˵
ǣ
Ʒɰ鵽ҶС˵˼䣬ò˵ҶСӵɽļ̽ӣȷʵܴʮɽޱ߼ʣȻЩɽ·̫ĵطôһɽҲǼܵ񣬺ٴһ˶̽ٵĺ֣ڻɽޱ߼ʵתءõɽĹϵһЩϸ΢춯ȴٸ
εϢһɽԻֵģһסɽһɽͷϣֻлЩճƷʱŻɽɽнǧ˻ùԻֻԻ£벻ȥֻԼСģһ˱Ƿ֡
Իɽȡΰͺʱͬ򽻵ǻ˼죬ǻ˼ҵǡһٸӶ̽ӵ˵̸˳һ䣬Ҳûʲôϣ͵ôϢ
ϢƷһˣֻҪһŵΧôһ֧۾ˡƷϸϻ֪ʱǧڣ֪ػҪȥѰǧƷɾͳûҶСˡ
ҶСȻ׻Ʒɸ˼й֮󲻾ҲЩ⶯ϴνһĶ飬ʵȫĹͣˣһȻ˼ѹЩûġ
δȻ˲أ˿ڻûϣܰɽˮ̧ȥ⹦Ҳ̫˰ɣ᲻֪صķУҪȻλʹ˷ŹɽѨȻҵˣܲȡսһء
ҶСԥүλǧүˡ
ҶСһȻüë˵⣬ҶС켱æƷʾһ£Ʒɻ˳ԷѭҲС̧ҳȥ㣬̧ҳȥ
ѭȻĽѿһʱӻձһ٣ѭɲԸ档ѭҲ̧ȥҶСԸ˰Ѿǧͻ֪
ǧͻ֪ؽԷҶСݷǧһæѽҶةҪˣ˿ڡ
֪ҲǰҶةţţ
ҶСűЦµģλλˣǶǴæ˰ôпչ
ǰ̽ʱʺ򼸾䣬Ȼת⡣ǧصСֵܣǳĺ⣬Ȼ̽Щɽ䡣ϸϾҪȥΧЩɽǸϸˣ֪ܵһ¶Ҫû㣬ûᣬϾǺˣƲĵ
ҶСһвЩжԼĹ٣²֮սֻҪҸĿУʱı֮ܲԼһݣϸ絽ˣ
ҶСϲüҵصôϸѾ˶Ըǵİ취
ˣɱôҪʲô취ˮϸҾʱɽȥͲȺں֮ǾӵĶ֡
ҶСüͷ΢΢һɽȻǾӵĶ֣ռݵδظսֻҪһɽ֮󼪣Ǿˡ
ΪȻص̸ףֻҪܵõͷԳ͢Ҳ˽ֻ类Ǳˣ׷û
ҶСҡͷֻδܹ˵ֻõͷʹЩɽͿɲһ
ҶСüͷһ壬ؼͷϲʤصа취ˣϸ磬Си취㿴вУ˵δʮֵЧǶüͷǰõġ
񣬵ʲô⣿
ҶС뷨һ˵ϸ룬һĴȵʹãСֵܣǶǰⷨʹáˣôҾ˵ǸøСֵ˵һɣ㻹鷳һ˰ɣ
֪ЩΣڨڨصءǾҶة˴š
ҶСһۣģ⻨֪أץȨ¶Уǲ˺ʲô˴ţҷĹ͡
ҶСҲ˵ƣ¡ټƲߣֻҪˣ;;ٲһݶ
Ѷ֪غ;ǧתҪߣҶСҪͣ˰סҲ˳ˡ
ǧߵſڣһĶͷ·ƵĶҶСӴң˴Ҳ֣ˡСֵܣ˼һˣϸ͵øϻȥˣ׮رٵ¶ôҲȥϾ˵үʲô˵дţʱϸȥ
ǧ˵ĺ⣬ҶСȴȻһЦѹ־ǧڷֹԭˣĹϵҵĹϵѽҶСݸղЦеص;ϸ磬ţһдģ


51 յ
ǧҶСһƣ˳ظȥűˡ֪ȻҲǲϣ˵ҶСһЩͣҲùԼûйͣЩϾ͵ȫԸ
֪غ;ǧҶСļƲܲʱҶСӭһλ͡λʹŶʮɽʿɽǹ̽ߵλϡ²С
²ǹڲȨ̹½λģ˵ͱȽᣬҲֻ϶ԣѾʮ꣬Ͼһˡ
ҶСЩչ˵ķǳܵһլԺ׼Ǿס²ɶͬţʿҶ鹹ɷǷͥǰһۼЪȪ
һ·ȥ¥˿粴ٳһ޴ʻ·˼ɾһ㡣²ʱ£ôǼЩģЩʿǴżªƤףżªĹì˫ţһ·ɽҰһ㣬龰ȴǾʡ
ֻԶɽң˵߻ձݺ֣֮ЩʿУ֪źεȿҪȥȣ˭á
Ȼһΰ׳۵Ľ۾ҲֻôһõóֵĽߺǵľӴ֮⣬Ǹ죬סķͨɽҲûʲôʵ𣬶ǹһЩʵһЩĵε԰ᣬͷһسɽʿпδŵġ
ĳȣһ·粻·Ӷ澶ͣƵ΢Ц⣬ЩɽʿУЩǵѣôĻҪ֪²ϮۣҲɽŮ֯͵ĴֲѣϺֹȫ޷֮ȵġ
𣬷̽ǣߺƣһԺ䣬һ¥󣬴ŵϷһֿҶ飺粷¥֡ҶС¥²æվ۷ʿ̤ȥ
߸ߵĽİͭżͼһ˸ͥ죬лϣǰҸйñţһǰǽлǽһżΣǻƻԭľ죬ʽӵţҶС촩һϮɫֱ֣̹Ȼ
²ϸϽǰǷʩ񣺡²ߣ
ʿһҶС鼤֮һãͱ˸ûʵĴ۾ǶߵľηʹѸһʩæǰϥ򵹣
ɣؿ²
ϰҶСദҶݻҲǼ߲ˣԲû²ϵĽžִ٣΢Ц²˸ƣ˱һһˡ
ʿϽңվʿĿתǵߡЩϵʿУǵ߿ӽˡ
崿ɰСѾӯ߽·һõСӣΪϺ²ϸԷһȻ¡
²ϰ̾߸ϿɱҪݻ࣬ЩСѾҲѵأ˹ɽпǼ㾰¡ʱɢ㣬ǶˣƮƮɣ²ϲɾһĺò裬ɽǳԲġ
²Ѿ֪ҶСǰѺ£˵ǰոո̣ҶСʺһҶСҪһʿߵİȫδʿǴѡɫսʿ
²ڳλ߲ϲԼ²Ӧ˹԰⣬ҲҶСӦһУɣ֮߶ðա
ҶСĻЦͷڳϵⰡҲĵģ˵ЩõҲǺõģǺǣЩʿǾºˡ
²ϴŶһں˼һͷȥ᲻øɴһЩҶС쾹Ӧôɴ࣬²ɴһЩʿ˵ߣǴϲߵлߴ
ҶСЦȻ֮䣬͵׼ĹأҪʱʱ̿ôǽҲҪΪߣ׼Ǳܵģɡ
ҶС컽Щʿֶ²ϵųҪҲϲѾ¾磬߰ɣǱ߳Ա̸ͬϯ磿²ϻֵ̿صߣ⡭ƺϹذɡ
ҶСڰֵ²ϣͲҪ룡ҶС˵Ѿȥ²Σֻϣ϶Щʿǵҵѱ¾磬ȥðɡ
ҶСӴת˽ʿ΢ЦλЩʿҳϿɿոǿΪܹ׼ΪãԸ˵ȻöҶСӵĻ
²ƹͼԳһأµﻨ㡣ϵһŻľԲҶС̹Ȼ£²æʩڲС
ϵʦ񻹻ţǰ˴֮һҶСôڽŵģĵλݴʱ²һأֱ²ϲ¡
ҶСԸһһſСѾƴһѶ룬ˮϸɫȣ̻𡢸ɫζɽ䣬ˮ½ʣ²δţǸɫʳ߶Ǿ쳣
ʿò͵ĵط䲻²õľȴҲǼḻٶЩӵɽﺺ˵ǴûгԹ˷ʢζĶ
Ŵõ²ϣҶС۾Цһ졣ԭɽﰲݵߵḺ́žԶ̬֮ȣܶԶͶԶȻһݵİ취һҪԹԻȥ
ң׼һչ벻ɹһǼΪصģɽԸ̫ӴȻܳΪı
һɱصġǵĳ϶Ҫ˽ı仯ͲᱻôЩŷ̵ʼûмģԭʼģȻͳΣһ캦˺ԶԶں棬ҪôҪôΪƶġ޼ֵ฽ӹ񿴺һĿǵЦ
һ죬Щŷ˺ĺˣҪɱ磬ɽԼС赲׽ɽ͸ĽŲΪ˱ǵϣʱҪ磬ֻԶ硣
Ľֻͳ˽޴һʱҫǴ˷չҪǴΪߵҶС춼Լ߳
һУʹ²ϺЩʿǿʼɣǽӴϰ׼ǻɽֵƶ
뵽ԼΪ׼ļú塢£뵽ԼΪ׼Ŀ޾ʵķᣬҶСЦƣȱ˿𣬼λ룬ְӿʼظˡ
ʱɽǾɽˣǴһƱܵĵطңѾλǧҵĽ˷жͶ޹͢ѾŭȥϾΣﲻĲƸ
粷¥У²͵ı飬ҶСЦĸˣһֻո͵ֻС⡣


52 ȡ
ĸҰЩʵʵڼƵģߣֻҪʵŵͲ£
һòĴŵӶݺ˵գѡһ˲ţԺдļС
С岻ԴдΪͽжҴ壬Ҵһֻʮһ˼ңżĶɽԼϰˮҰΪɽǴ˿ѾռСׯϢڴˣžʹ
СӽΪ˶ʹҪֵѵûᣬܵ·׬Ǯȥˣֻʣ˺ͺӣ˲ûи˱ɽ鷢
شΪǮƻǱɽǽ°һˡһֻĸһ˼⻧˼Ψһһֻµĸڶվſڣ۵ؿֻĸŭԡ
ЩЩǽ磡ľһüЦԱ߾ǲ̶⣬˻𣬰ǼһëţҲϴѪʹڲϣһͿ˱ǡ
Ա߼ɽǿΣֻгľһãΪɽͷĿ˿ûĿڸ
Сף
ľȻкһһͷ棬ﱧ˰ѳì߹һѽԼߣһļ⣬ݸš
лл磬ллľ硣
С¶ĵЦݣ˱ǵ̲ס˿ĭһҧȥᶼ㰡ѾܾûгԵôˣʱҿһة
ˣúᵱ£ţС״ڴڵԱЩɽкòĽ¶Ľ˭˼ľͷͶͷ谮ġŮˡء
㣬ǰϢٸϾ͵󵱼ҵķԸ·׼֣ţͻȻһɽԶԶţ첮ֱֱӣŬ¿еļ⣬ҭֱá
ովһŽ𣺡ءءء
һʧĺŽǣ
ľڵһɫãйٱͼĹٱɽϡɽ˴һ˴죬Ȼһġ֣
ö
첮ִ˸ãããȻվǶ˶ɵˡ

ߣĸٻļ̷ҫΪڳӦã̲иأ߾͸÷̲ǡ
һŻᣬ²бȰ˵ҶСһÿҶС춼ȥʱ˳Ų裬ںլµңϣ֨֨¸µС
ҶСһ²УһϮۣϿϵȵ˿ڳѩ׵еϼѵɽ췢Ҳ粻Ǹ¾ɵľˣһӨ͸Ĵӡ
ҶС΢΢һЦ֪䣬²ѾϰܣȻɲʹʱʱؾȰ˵һֻԼʶڷתɡ
ҶСϰߡǳһҲӦ׽һɽȻŽɽɽʲô˼أȨƣԱȣʲô壿
ԶվżҶСѾʶǵ书ˣΪÿǶںլϰǵĹ޻ڣɱ˼գ򵥡ѸݡЧ˹ţܰ˱΢΢ˡ
ڣǳϼ˫ŶƤѥ϶żõ塢͸޲ţƤϡӢˬﻹһճɽʱҰ˰ζ
ţʱҾֻһֻҪ£ҾͲǻϲɽö֮ЩʿͻΪ߳ɽᶨ֧ߡ
ҶС찵ţ²м߲ΪȻֻܿЦһѾõöˣҲͷˣ´վͻڳǶǣأŻȥҲýǷġ

ҶСЦеص׼Щ輸ðȫʱ²ٻȥøȥ⣬ǵһλϹں쳾ܷַͨʽԺ͸λ϶Ϥһ£ҲͨǶ̶Щ˽⡣
һ㣬²ϵּɵģȻӦһ
ү²ϣЩˮЦе˵Ա󻹸СѾϴˮˮ
ŶӣһַŲǡĶ΢΢¡𣬿ѾԻˡĪݻСС죿ҲҲ滳ˣô¡ģֻ²ϸյҶݾ˸Сͷ
ҶС⸱ģʱһɵ²ϵֲ¶֮ɫºµĽ˵ûɳϽʹܵ𱸡
ҶСǺεˣԽ΢΢һתҲͲ³˼ˣҶСֻЦҲɵȥˡϰ⸱ģҶС쵹Щиöá
ȻҶǻƽ塪ȷʵǻƽ壬ֻҪûȢޣǵǲġΪһƽ壬δȢޣӣʵһ̶ϻӰżΪЩ˼ǲԸѹŮ޸Ѿӵ˼ҵġ
ҶС첢һ㣬ӨӨҲᡣοһ߳ľǵһڼȻѾˣչһļңԼҵĹŮСһѿ˷ѡһɽǶ˼ǰٶһôӣԼĹ⣬ҶСһֱһںҡںˡ
ҶСһ֦Ʒɾ˳ش˺Ժ磬磬ϲѽٱݣǧն٣ȫɽ˱°ߵأ
˶ǱȥһۿƷɺȻЩڣʱСˡȻ˱ﱧŵʱĸооһЩ޴롣
ƷɣʱҲһ죬Ĵͷȥϸܵ۽ëס˫ӡ˫ȥŽż۾һĨĵŻƷɡ
ΪƷʶˣӵ޴롣һպѾѰﵱһĴ㣬ǡһŮˡǸӵļôůԼ
ҶСȻվʵǧȫʤ
ƷɳûϳעҶСǣѲ˾ٱϾǧǻɽȦһͨɱЩں֮ٱԿֻɱ仨ˮߵʮһ
磬㻹˵ˣǰߵδüһ²أһȫɽĹΪǧЦúϲ£ˣ˵ͷһлء

ҶСЦݴô๫ʰ£Ǭɣ
Ҵ⣬ɨսѾβ׽ɽ˴ɴѺһɽһٴҴҸϵɽϣԾǧǧˣһնͷʮ߿ţ²ɽʮˣЩ²δΣ
ǧɽ￴˿صȫˣ빬Ϊū߲ģͿͷ䵽նͷȥ
ǾٴӦһתȥˡ󳯳ʱ򣬻¹ٵҪԴǱܵĵоʿ췴ߵļʵҪΪҾƶȥ빬١
Ĵ̫֣ԼֱΪ췴߼Ҿܵǣ빬ģЩɽǳˣҾֲרҵĹʦǴֱַ£Щɽܽһжأɡ˭ں
Сס첮ı˫֣ʧǵؼɽۼȺĹٱΧ׷װγ嵶첮ֻҪɱͷˣֻŵһȣһˮȾʪۡ漴ͷ֣ԭģǱ̷ܵ


53 
ݣĸۡ
Ǭʼֻһϡ
ҵĸۡѾøۡˣĹҲԪĴ󶼻ϽɵģҵĸۡȴƳĩ㲻ޣټĸۡ޾¡
ǽһ鲻۵שƳʱݣԺһأγֲͥǰϵļ滨ԪʱԣһһΣѹһʱա
ҸۡĲ󣬾ﲢûôķ䣬ǴӿиȥһƬƬɫܣǡӲϵۣܹһָо
ϣƬõġ֮ۡ£һϵĴݣšɫĵذ塢齣߳ľ죬һӦ¶Ƴʱķ񡣿ϣӦϥչһš
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Ӧ̾˿ز£˼Ħ°ͣйܵ߶Զأڴ

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Ȼһᣬ±˼һ£ӴӡһԾһ˶ߣȴȵ·ߣ뿪˲ʹļҲ
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޴ĿɿڴؿţðβͻطӦɤź֪߰ҪȥĶһЪҲˣ޴󲽱׷ȥ
ٴһǳ棬֪ʲô£ųֱ︾ҽõĳҩ̣һǰ־£ֲҳֻţǹܾҲˡ
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ٴûػعͷͷһϸ𣿡
ٴﳤȥ޴վԭ룬ͻȻһƨƨߵ׷ȥ

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ߵʱ²ϾȻĸо²ΪΪ̷ߣԱΰĹһ
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һڣգӭɽɫκǡһϴһ

վ徲ࡣսѾƽϢˣȻս¸ôͬ۹ȻȣǱȾǱȾãν֮
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λһһͣһϾҦشŵɽ˸ΧһӰ˽ӣ顢ȵһһո
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£ȫѾȫƽϢս£ھʵҲͽе·ְĺȻҲǴ˿Ѿ۵˲ƤĻ֪ڰãةҲһӷࡣʱҶСΪةڴվ


54 
ӦĻֻȵ֣Ǳ巭ȥֱϵÿһֶεؼŰŻٵ
Ӧ϶ֻδشֻǽԶһҪƿŴԺգֻҪʵʵƿأҪʱ°һ֧ڵҲԡ
ΪӦĸ֪Լλж־жߣΪʲôҪʮ磬ֻҪ֣һ֧ʱͶսǿװӦ˵ҪԶ֮ϣΪȴûһָʾء
ûָʾҲһָʾǱ˼ȥȴʼղҪ졣ҲѾĦһЩ뷨ǲӦ׵ָǱϡʱԶһݼ˻Ĺ߽ģĿϿҶСةλˡ
ӦǱʱԶΪԼ޸ǳ˭Ǳ뺷ĺܣˣԶû֧ȨʵǱ巴ļԶȻκβ壬ӴҲҴ⡣
ǱСѾȴ̱͵ˣԶǹ٣òӢСѾϸӭϣͲֵϲΪҡǱԴ˲ᡣ
ԡޡӴһֱǸи£ԺԶҲǱķ䣬ֻҪض¡ǱĦ˾⣬Զôһ˵вһ
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뵽ǱԶ¶һĵЦȻλˡϲ£Եһ˰͵ȥɣϲȥ
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ۣʵǸߣԶ̴ָΪı⣬ĵȻˣҵøǶЩǡҶС˽ͨҲͻ󿪷֮𣿹
ԶʵʵԶҲȫûдñľ뵽⴦Զüɫ裬Ѿ˼ŸΪ˵Ĺˡ

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ҶС쿪ʼæµոԶ򸾣һĿ˱̵ãҺĵ£ҶѾܹӦĳ棬Ҳæҡ
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ҶСѾ˵椶̥ȥҽε飬º̽ȻҲ֪Ѿعںá֮ҶСʱȷʵͬˣ˶ڳɳҶС޴ҲΨһû䣬ԽԽԽԽģǵֵܸ顣
ҶСæ˴죬ؿ㽥ˣկԼѲ˾ڣҲŻõϢǲܸˡҶС룬ֵô󣬵װ£Ӧȥ֪زǡ
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ЦӦõģ¹Ѿоŷˣүͷһأ¡һЩǡźӣĵصˣ¹ʱ·˵ҶʷѾ͢ʽΪةˣ
ǰһģģظոյģҶة͸ʽˡ
ǺһЦҶةи֮ţʿڣƷӡҶة˳ֻ⾰ȵʷةһԾΪضүηη
֪صһЦ徢ǴһЩ˷ˡκһһٳףΪةҲӦõġг徢Ҳζ˼ǲ̫꣬ͻ©һòʰţղС
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֪ҶС춷첮ģһԾΪϵĶүʵϵ̫үͻ֪صġҲ͵Ϊֹˡڻ֪ľҶС죬Ҫ£ͬѹҶСһʱףĶҲüʱ̳ٳ

ҶСϵãطҲĹְҪة˵ҲҶزǣҶСѾעһӹҲգûҪҶСʾá
ҶС죬ҲֻһЦǻסҶСһۣЦŽһ䣺˸С檣˭˵Ȼ˺̫
΢Ц˲ôҶةҲ֮ϲô
ҶСΪ˹ϲˣǺǡ
ҶС˰֣һúϵŵ߽ƴǲˣ˳ϹģҶСҶˣСǿƣҶȴǴǿưһݴĻ㡣


55 ·
ҶС֪˵ʽة£ܲڿ֮ǰֵ֪£ص˺γԣ
罫ǷݹĵҶС죬΢ЦҶˣ㻹Լɡ
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ҶС΢ЦŻ񣬻Цеصձرټͬţ¡ҶˣǱٵˣҪศأǹͬѺشã͢а
ҶСǷ˿ˣС΢Ե߾ܣˡ⣬¹ʽְة֮ǰ弸գѽ
˲һɴתʱ򣬻˶ȻȲضݣҲһڹµӣôҪ弸գתһ룬ҶСʽΪةҪҲĴףһѾΣˡ
аЦһȴһЦݿģ׵ЩʱأҶҲʵˣϢҲӦõģšô弸أ
ҶС룬ɵʮգΣ
һںҶСãһӣԶҲãǲܵģʮ죬Ҳ̫ЩԵԼ޷ƿ
룬ΪѵصҶţҲ֪ҳԱÿ֮ڶ޵ģְ̫ãٲ˽ϵĹԱЧ㣬ֲһͬʡ˵Щʱ̫࣬ɶʮʵ̫ˣšʮ죬׼ʮգΣҶˣ⡭Ѿǰδеĳ
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Զ˻֣ʾ£ЦЦضǱۿ첮ĵˣлҵĴ
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սһ·лΪץסƵĻᣬȫĲƲͶ˽ȥ˴߼۹Ӷ˲ٳʽͻԺʿӴ˿ţҪˡ
л뵽ǱĴȣ˵Ȳ֣ͶҵˣȻ£ʵȴ񵽺صһ׮ֻͶ
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⡭ðɡҲ֪¶ЩΪ̫ˣʾǱݣ仰Ҳͷȥ׼ˡ

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֪æӭѲ죬Ц̸䣬Ҫѱڣһ״µۣͣϻõĹ֪ǰ
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·ߣٱѺһȺƲ˫ȣ·ĵķˣЩ˶úǳƵģһ಻·ʱƲ֣ȸˣǳķ˶Ծʱһŵݳ
лһۣס˺߸ǰϡûע⵽Щûɡʬ˷Уһ̿ƵķˣĴȡ첮ġ
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غʱĶҸȴǽϷϷУһδΡʵ֡Ⱥδڣֻϲһ˴Ǹˡ
ĵˮ̯ǽգվǻָһһεʣǵӵ룬ǾͳɺԵһȪ궹ޢֱġ
һ˼һͽˣ˵ʱһֵˣ͸ǵŮٴˣΪסһˡ
Сڸʲôأûأ㣬ҰɣӨӨճյţҶСίر˱͡

ͻȻС·һУһ㶯ͻ˸߲ҵܹȥֵӨӨʱֻת˸Ȼصɴ˫ǹҲԲλ۾
ֱţ΢Цţ
еͻȻ߳ξӨӨֻΪԼΡ


57 һ
ӨӨˡ꣬ƷǡةƷ٣
ҶСɤӣЩɳƣޱȽЩʲôնû˵ֻǸӨӨˡȷʸ񽾰ѸٵģʱڵһЩҳ޽С
㣡һΪ
ӨӨûаҶСٵĻȥĶǡСˣΡֻû˵ڣ˫۾ͱˮģˡ˹ȥסҶС죬·ɾ˳鰲ޱȡ

үվԺſҡҡͷŮȥɳ˵ʲôվʲôҲû˵ת뿪ˡӨӨûзֻǽرҶС죬һʲô˵ôĵϣҲĸԸ
ͥ硣ӨӨϥڵذϣһȾĽѣģ·һĳˮһ糾ҶСϣӨӨеָĸ㣬ԣԼԻġ
ҶС캬صһ磬Ҿ͵øϻȥ
ӨӨЦһصô죿
ҶС조šһǿƣ֪ҵֻ֮ʮ죬̫ܵáΪ˸㣬ŬӨӨҲʧġ
㡭
ӨӨ˵Һرһ£ϵز
ʮһӺصǧ·Ҿһ·̹;ӨӨӺȥأȻ֪·жߣҶСֻ˲͸ϵôģ
ֱʱӨӨע⵽ҶСӲӲ룬˫۳Ѫ˿ͷѾζɫ쳣㲣Ⱦ˳óһ£ȴΪһӳ¾ࡣ
ӨӨرסҶСͷһ¡Ůӣһ̣ĸȴȫػҶСĴϣģǿ䶯Ҳ֮ޱ̤ʵ񾲡
ҶСᷢӨӨĴϣȻ˯ˡ
С㣿
С·Сޱŵ߽ӨӨָСءꡱһ
СޱͷһӨӨϵҶС죬ĵ׺ȻЩĽĽӨӨĽȣһֱҶСܹõӨӨķģĸڣֻĽطҶСӨӨ
ʮˣʮƥˣҹǧɽӣֻΪıһ棬ֻΪ˵һˣӨӨ
СޱһҶСϣᣬᡣС·ӨӨʱ͵ҶССޱƣ˱ѩ׵㣬Ȼ˳ȥ
ʱһ棬ĸҲ̫࣬ǱӦ˵硣

һ侲ңıڱϿաֻǰһīġ֡һѰɣʱȴȫĵרעǰǿ
񴿾͸ڽǿһ˶ߵʿʯƤ߾һһ˸߰İɫ񣬴ʱǿĿ̵棬һ˵ģŮˡ
мӨӨˣʱˣһϵóڵ̵ӨӨģޱ棬רעʱḧҶСյӨӨ
ֻ½ǵһ˿壬עȫѪص̵ľƾ˶½ϸǵ˾ɫҲֳ
֮࣬ӵ̫ջһִľͱɹȻʱ򲻸ִŵʱִ̫ţֻԵʹԨһ׾ܽʳٻĹˣܹʼռһѵõִţִתɶһŮ˵İʱͻӵļ᲻ɴݡ
ִſǸҲǻüִֵţʹĸԴԻִǿ࣬һǻ۵ִֻ࣬ţ֤áһѰɣȴƺС
ȻĲ԰ôһղƤңͱȻҪܵĸšԵظǹ⻬覴õգȻüͷһ壬һԶƵ崫
ؾãͷһֲֹʱޱȣǵƲֹѾʼáΪǰһʼҽʵʹ࣬һЩҽ
ȻֲֹжֻݲʱķӦĦſһЩӣڼʹãȴα겻αˣʵ޷ͣеĿ̵һڵϣŲĵس˳ȥ

ɽ֮ߣ³С֮С𨣡˼Զһղ⣬ġɿɿ࣬ɽ֮ϡģԿ
߷ǰףȥҶС컹ӨӨ˯ӨӨȴƮ˺ԶΪ֪ʱɾͽ̤Ϲ̣˼ҪϵңԶĵط
⣬ļҼֵܴǷ˴˴ƣϢ˿ˡү֪ŮԵЩʲôصǼҲüޡҲüˣѼӶӣһҶС춯Ǿһٿͷ⼸ֵܣΪСӷ¶ޡ
ʵүĵѾʼҶСˣҶС޷ٽһ֮ڵ˻ةѾֳ;ģˣı
ǼȻǸŵԻδڣ뿴ȥҶС쾿ߵһҲҶСһϲ
ҶСӨӨҧ촽޲ϳȥֻ󹫼׵ҪС磬˯һ
ӨӨ㡭ôһ
ҶСʵ̫ƣˣƾһŵӶɢ˼ܣʵĴϣӨӨϵĴ㣬֪˯˹ȥȴһѾӨӨɱ˯ȥʱơ
ӨӨѾˣȴ㡢ܿġҹܳҲ̣ܶΣһļ䡣
ҶС컹һ뿪ˣ졢ǰ졢ǰһһԵһȺͣĴС̵ַġ
һʹճ;ۣʹ̣Ҵڲ඼ĥƤҶС΢΢üϾչӨӨΪġ
ˣҶСȵ˵ӨӨ˧ޣңһģƷ٣̧ΣţӨӨĻŭţҶСȻһЦ
ҶСޣʮһʿ̤˹̡ӨӨ˲޷ɳ۶ȥĻšÿеŮˣĵ׶лţ֪㻨¡
أլһ˹վ鷿
һ飬صлĳдɹٸֱԱ㳥̵Ǯ͹͹ĹǮᣬ¶٣¶٣·ǵľ۱衣
˴׵ǣ߳Ҳǲǡ
ҡҡͷǣǵģ׬ԼģҪġԣڲ˺ͻ
˵ĵصǱߡ
üǲѣҴСһʹҾҵӡ϶ˣҲֻӲͷƤȥڻǸҶС춷ʱҪȣߴߴ磬ѣһ֣Ҫأ
ǣ
ǷӦһͷ飬ȻȥȻ˽鷿ֱһ˳ȥǵӰһֽɡƮããС


ʮ 


01 ү
үǴүĹġ
ةǩѺ˾һݹ˫ֵݵҶС참ǰҶС˳ֽӹ˿Ƥ򿪣ӡѾҿˣĺϱйͭʸͱػ֪صʾʵ֮£˻һƯСдǡҶة죡
ҶСɨһۻʾſġ⹫Ҫ˽Ʒġ̲ط˾ڽꡢǵȷ󸷳˴Ϭǡ䡢顢ʯɺ裵Ʒ
ЩǶݳƷǰ͢ľͺϣԴ˿ǸĳƷͬʱҲǽֿƣάĳϵƷĳ֣ԶԶ˹ٸǼڲȻ˽
֮սոս͢Ϊ˳̣ͨԴΪƲãηֵĴݳƷУкܶӷǳ飬˳͢طؼǿ
ݷõ˳͢ĺ󣬹ݲ˾ͭʸһͭʸȻҪϽĺأؾͿϱĿϣȻҪΡ
ҶС죬ҶСɲܴһӣ±ߴˣΪһΰ٣ְԴ
ҶС쿴ģ˫˲ӡһϮīɫĹۣԵ޳ΪƷϵĹԱ۷ϲлƣӺؾ˲һֻȣˡ
ҶСᣬüҲ㣬ѩ׵еڳţһ˲šҶСյĹ򣬼˾һߣڰֵȥŵʷ
˾ӦһתȥˡŵʷΣǳ͢ίģѾʮͷԭںһСʷƽأСأԼûʲǫ̂ģֻǰͷء
һλŵʷûʲôҰģһؾ˵ҶСļ׮¼һةλˣ˵үҲֵ³ԹŵʷиӾηһ˵Ǻ죬ֹʲôìܡ
һŵʷʹҴҸϵˣҶС챧ȭˣ¹٣֪кηԸ
ŵʷúǽ׳ȻʮͷˣǾҲʮ¡һӣһƶûУͷںһƬԼΪ޴־޹Ӫ֮٣˼ˣ˱ˡ
˰ɣŵʷ治ʲôȻڹٳϻĲ⣬ȴް̾ʱ򣬻ֺͦǣһİʷһζӪͶ첮Ĵͬ
ҶСͷصŵʷɡ˵ŰѻתǷݹĵ˹ȥҶСӺʽˣѾĸ¡紵˷ҶѾ＾ڣةλҵѸɵࡣ
ŵʷչģüͷ΢΢һ̽ѯʵүΪǴҺԭģ
ҶСЦǵδء¶ǿɱԼ͢ȻҪϲ飬Ҫġ
ŵʷһҶСô˵ˣЦŴӦһǳȥټۣʼͷȻʾôҲӹ
ҶСŵʷ΢΢˼Ƭ̣ȥۣһ[ֱšɸЩڸʮȫн˹ٸŲͷʵֻӡ
ȻЩνġ족ۣˣнˮֻҪеԽԽãǲܵġ
ҶСӱޣСʱ͸ϵվҶСվ룬ǰٶಽ߳еڡлǱӲ֪ȥлϳɻ֪ί֣һӦֱĳУϳк߳СлϳеԺͷݣ߳иˣϿڵ߳վΧġ
үôˣ
һϵԶЩ˳ƺҶСΪҶةҶˣֻйϵ׽λֱ͵˲ųү˼ǺصĶ֣λ̫ү
ôƺҶСĳܰͷհͷԡȻˣֻҶСǩѺˡ߳ҶСĺֵ޴ĲҵΰѼҲжү
ΰҶСȵشкСɫƤһڽ׵ݣЦ÷ǳ⡣
ĺλկԾӪһͲóִѧȥ˸ѧ⵱ٶˡ
ĺֻѧ̸ŹͳˡǵϵϮĳ˾٣Ҳ͸ˮǴߣԼѧ족ˡ
ֻҪȥͭʸѧٰòμӿƾ٣õһݣ˾ֱϵӵǵȨġӻ̡⣬ԳȤټ椾Ϳˣûˣ߳ѾȫΰѴ
ΰѵҲУȫȫڳϣѳеú˲֪λΪĺˬġ硱
һΰҪǴλ·̿ô򽻵ȻԳҶС²ͣһ·ңһ߶ΰѵл㣡
߳еĿʮֹ䲻£ȴֲçĺˬζΰҶС˿Ϊһ裬ҶСףΰѵΰѣм㡣
ΰѺǼˣҲˣҶС죬ҶСתŲ豭Щͷˣһʽ쵽յ硭
ΰǷǷʾҵҶС·ϵƣֻû㲻ˡԣҽм㡣
ΰЦЦү뽲
ҶСǹͨĽͨҪ֪û˴Ϸ͵˸Υԭġ
ΰĿһæүֻ߳⣬ֶǾմġ
ҶСЦ㲻üҲǻ߳ʲôٶȻͲֱ㣬ȥˡǺǣ͢ģ˵ڴǴ﷢ִϬǡ鱴ȱۣЩȻǴϷ˶ȻҲδߵľǹߡֻܾ֪شҾˡ
ΰ룬ǰľڵʱĳôɹҪȻҲôͻټļҵˡ
ҶСľҵ֪ҩ˽ʵǣ֮Ƿôɹ
ΰҡҡͷʵǲ˵
ҶС΢΢۾ľЩ£ôľˣ᲻֡
ľڵʱΰѻֻľµһ֣Ԧպãڿ֮ЩѣʱȻľСΰ˼һ󣬻صᣡ
ҶСü΢΢һŶأ
ΰѵɺܶ࣬ҪɹЩҪǱͨϹϵҪһ㣬֪ҪķѶѪһ·ؿҪͨǮ·ͬѲߣȥǮôܲʮٱ̻
ңҪ£һЩҳϡɿ°ǰ֣Щô죿ǲ·ʱǾ˳ȮǵĲ·ʱǾͻɰеĲ궼ʣĲǡҪǣ󣬻ʵڷһֺô˭÷ȥѪǮأ
ҶС۾ţʱľµˣǲǳڣ
ΰѵʱֻǸʽʵڲʱľеļǼεһ
ҶС΢΢һЦܺã£֪ˣҪ˵ȥ
ΰվصСף
ҶС΢Ц˳ȥ˽ǺܿǴӱ˵˽䱦һ£ôܲģĿɲֻһةҪ
λк̨ҲЩõóֵܶ±˵죬οûʲôɽԸŵʷҲûãŵʷػӰͷģȾͰӷˣָŵʷͷص¡ŵʷʩŵܻǿԵġʱԻ


02 
첮İˣܵһͿ֪ںδлôǺǡ
ЦҡͷЦģ쳣ˡҲں̵ӣһһȫҶСԵˣȻûһŭ֮ɫһֺȤ
ƺʧСӣܿܵӣǺֵõ¡ʵоôģΪȻһЦΪһϷŪҲϡ
ɫĮصңƺû˵ĻԾȤǵػġС֡ʵ룬ҪҪΪְЩѵ
һۣصôѵλ͢أ¹ƣ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ǿЦʲôΪֲ
ô
¶һ˿ڽصҵ£һᴦܡ㻹ǴԼ°ɡ
ϸ޳ָһطһصӦƵƵҿĿδǷںأջɲҪĿ
һߣСӦʲôȴ·磬ĸ˵ǲһɡҲֻܱһɫʡãҶأ
վȻȥһؿĵز˼ңʹ˫ѹסȻİ΢΢زţ֮һ죬΢΢Щ
ҶС̫첮ġл̫أǺǣѽͶȥڰɣҲڲʲô
Щ۾ʱһֻС꣬˼С꣬ǹ款ӹ͸õģϧв˿ֻкҶƮ㡣
֣첮ĺлʧʧ٣ȻҲǺ⡣ƺظûʲôҪֵȻ˵ĻֺαȥأЩء
õ˼ʵ˲¶Ȳ͸

ݵĹ򣬻֪رܵСס⼸֪عĺ⣬ҶСة󣬲ûظΨ첮ĵ·˿ûд۶ȨٶȰܿյ˼
֪ؽ£ҶСĽĵСˣеĳ޲δ˼֡ɱ֮𣬶֮ޣǲ֮ôܾʹͻ
֪صظʱҲǻҲƹľȨֱľ°ķˣų׻Ӵһ̡һãֱΪһηηųܵĿܡ
ôòܻݵİȫҶСŵġ¡һ˿ѪԱ㱻һųµӣǹѾʼɱˡ
ĵı仯ƺҲ˱仯Ȣ޶ȴһС檽ĸ£ȻУϲ˸ȥ¡㣬д˼ϲ±ѣǻֱǵ˻ҵĴˡ
ڻ˵һϲ£˵һجˡ˲Ըɷкĵزֻ޹ĸ±У뻨ͬ߰ȴһĪǲ˾Ȼ
ΪӣΪźΪһŮˣԼĹ⣬ԶʹÿÿŶⰵᣬ
ѭϤһϢʱҲˣԼĽ㲻û壬ǽܶУЩҽ˵彡ûⰡ
ʵеԭܸӣҲδؾһһ⣬ЩѪͲϣҲᵼ²СԵʱҽѧˮƽȻû
ϴ棬ѭҲʧȥаĵֻܶʱȥ㣬顣ۿϲ̵ֱСͥԺѭ찵̾˿ȥլҽ˵˵
ٲҪߣһ伱Ͻãһѭϲѽհͷöһͭʸת֪شүĹհͷǩ˰ɡ
ϵѭ죬֪ǻ֪صСӣǩգҲ͵͵˻֪ϡѭذǩѺǩ֣պùҪȥԺһְǷݹ
ݹʲôʮ𼱵Ҫָʾɵȵúٽ磬ѭһҷ;ĲģȻ˳ȥһֶΪء
ѭ죬ʲô
վСͤУḧĶӣЦ΢΢ߵȻѭ߽ЩõüͷȻѭڵܣϾסñЩɲǣ롣
ѭЩ޵ؿ۸ոȥҸЦѭͭʸģ˵Ҫ񡣱ְɲҵ飬ⲻ͸үô
ӹģͷصˣȥɡҲ鿴һ»ӡǷãһ˺չĿۣæѭ죬վס
ѭվסŲŤͷɫЩŭԸȥϰҶة뵽ạ̃
ѭ찵һϲܰѽСߵϲˣѭˬشӦһӿŲ˳ȥ
ѭıӰҡҡͷѭǵС˼βסᡢŮвӣޣֺγû顣ΪҵºȻҪ谮Ҫ˵еķĭӡǡ
һ뵽ҶС鷿ǲһĻ;һʹ
ÿʱ䶼Ҫ˯ʱѾˣȴѭЬӣϴ˰̵ظϵʱҶСѾǶȲˡ
ҶС췽¬ͷ壬˵⣬ȴһԺѣΪǶǳ¨ӣհɱѽѷ֣Ҳʹ졣һѭ촫ҶСͰøһԹսܰͷҴҸϵ˶á
Ҳ˵ʲôֻǷԸϲ裬ҶС֪ҲҪΪʲôغȫصҪ飬Ҳð̽ʣֻһûһġ
ʵЩ飬ȻҶС죬һֱҲҶС죬ȴûڵʱڹټӣڳĻ˰ǻҶС˵Ҳֱֱȥ
̵ؽ˴繰˹֣ҶСһЦλ˶˰֪˼ټкҪ·Ըһ˵ţһԱ
֪ذǷݸոսӵĹĵݹȥȿ
ӹĿһ飬ޱֵݸҶС죬ҶСֻɨ۾ͷˡص㿴ˣڸǸϬǡѾ֤ʵȷ
ҰĲɱΪ䣬ǿ飬αҳܣڸǴҳ˴Ϊ˻ȡʳͲƥȶھơôǾʵУЩͨĿ󣬱ϲ˽ȡʲôɹ𣿡


03 ջ
ҶСǷˣ¹ϰŵʷȥŲˣҵ֪Ѳ˾ڴС·迨̲һпˣĿǰûʲô֡
֪һļŭ֣ڷܱŵʷأ˵㽫ί֮ĺ𣿴ڿʼҪԸ𣬱زٿͷѵ⡣
ҶС쵭һЦ׵ǣ¹ʡˡ
ҶС̬ȱֵĲ㳲𣬻֪Ҳ˵̫ССطһͨƢԹҲˣ˵̫ݣһҶСֱ¿Ƣе
һͷָףԻˣɵΰ£Ҷةȴ֪˰¹ٻΪʲô
ΪĴ¡֮УҪ˵ϤεģĪԱ꣬ͨؽƻԭģôпЩ˳⣿
ҶС⻰ҲĿͶϼһﶯвҪ˵Ժص˽⣬ڹԱﻹǷĪҲϺʲô߼
룬صżȻ͵ˣ˭԰쵽ֻҪӹټϹؿǾܽҹˡĲƻȻЩıżΪ֮ɽܰõˡĻֻ˲ᡣ
ǰӣһ̬
ָһ֣ǳߵ̼̼֮֡У޲֮ͽΪĲȡաΪǾҪҲдѻͨĹذ
˵ͷţôڶأ
ڶ֣ǳˡΪɳûЮ˽Ǿ⣬ͨؿеǻᣬҪڳֽŪвҲסñظñظⶼǲɱġ
˼һ£ͷеҶةΪأ
ҶС¹ΪȻͰԣھ̼֣¹ٻϸŲ顣ڳô֪ΪصĳУһɣ
һЦκһҳУܣҪҶ˵һ˫۽ȥϸˡҪ˵ɵģȻǳϳˡ
ʱҲһ񣬻رһһϳУЩˣŲһƨɣɿһ˵Ŀǳڣ
˵ͷڱľеһλ£ľΪݺʱ򣬿ʲô˽ģΪεĴ£Դ˲ûнӴ
ľµЩϵ˵ܹգȻҲֻǱĻǳȻǶԷεˣŻһӽôȻһո˴Ϲϵܰõġ
ת׿ҶС죬ҶС΢΢¶Ϊ֮ɫϳ𣿺ðɣҶĳصһ鳣ڣЩ˽δؾͨ˳ȥģͨأҲпǾɴ·̼֣ûƾʵݣɲ̫ϣϾ˰
֪ϳةŲͬѰĹϵҲ֪ҶСةϵǳʱЩ߶һҶС⸱ģȻǲة㲻ĵضȻǶԵģ˽ҪҶة͢ԴΪӣһϲ飬ݺԣ
ҶСǷǷǣҶС̵֮˺棬ҶСһȥովһƨȥ֪üͷҶةԴ²̫԰ɲһķ񡣡
΢Цǻġǰһŵģʲô˼أõİƷةҪԼİסҪԼܹةһ죬ҲʲôչȻǸȵʱˡ
֪һˣ˽ģҺصشҪ壬͢벼ʹŶڶűؾٶأܷ°£㻹Ҫһµġ
Ƿ¹ʡá

վԣػĳӸҪǰȻһӴĲ죬˸ߺȵͣ£ȫͣ£ةбϻȫ̲顣ܼͣ顣
ʽϽ³ǰҾصүǶţЩѾܶˣүǵ·һ·ӸǵĹط˰ƾݡ
ܰͷһƿʲôǾͱ·ةүķԸ뿹𣿸ѣ
ڲһӵϣŵʷ·վסۼලµĲжһЩƹϵߣһЦ˵СһߴͲԪ
ŵʷƿ˵ǷƹİɣʵڶԲסˣ͢ةҲܲ죬Ȼˣѭ˽һվŰɣǼ飬ߵÿ졣
ƹۼŵʷ̬ȼֻ㬵˵һߣۿЩ췭䵹Ūû߰㣬ƹ񰵰п࣬ҪǼѲ֪ʲôʱˣװˣܸϵһôѵҪ¶޻Ұ
ƹ˿ѶӿУվſ۷׷׵̼ңһŵĿͻȻƽ࣬ôͷһңЩҵǣ˶ˡ
ϳߣҶСҲԴһ˸ȥҶС컹δϳУһҶС쵽ˣپ߲ƣϽ˴Ӻ뿪ȥվةѶԼҴӭ˳ȥ
ѽѽةˣôˣʲô¶ֻԸһСȻû˵꣬ҶСʹĻд˽ƻԭ͢Ϊ֮ŭٷ֪شҪϲһй·ּ̼Сƹģһ°ɡ
һæЦصǣǳϳһعأȻЮ˽ģҪ飬СȻȫϡֻ֪ôأ
ҶС΢΢һЦҲǳϳûģҲְڣɼҶС˵ţڰ֣Ըԣ˲Ȼȥֿ⣡
ǣ˴ӦһһӲȥʱɹЦҶСة࣬ȿȲ衣
ҶСͷһưؽ˿ΪһҶСһյֻ˼ڣԶѶϵˣæְԶӭԶһҶС죬㹰ЦҶţôҲ֪һ
ҶС΢ЦվֻةˡСܹҵ鰡ȴ˼ˣȻҪȥվݷõġ
Զ˰֣֪ȥһߣԶ㻻һǣЩԹضҶСҶϵܰڸʲôֲǲ֪ҵˣô鵽ͷˡ
ҶСЦҾ֪ʦġ
ҶС̾˿εأ֣˵дƻԭҴ顣͢Ϊ֮ŭǰ¹Ҫط顣ұӦһ£˭ͷȻϳ⣬֪ش˳ԲסˣⲻҾͱɳô
ԶҶСøɫҲʵʵ˵Ҷϵܣĳ˵Ȼûʲôġмд˽϶еģҪȻôͻƣҲιôڿ͹ذˮ
ϱͨޣıЩеģں˽ףǾʵˣҷֵóأ£ҲͷھԲҲ֣ĳ˿ΪƱ
ҶСЦ֣ˣˣ֣СȻŵùġ鳵УֻΪ˶֪ش˵֪ش׼ƣ˵Ǵ˴ΪɣҲ𣿡
Ǻǡ
ЦЦЩӲ
ҶСִֵ磬һյġˣǺؿɾˣʱ׸û˻·ĻңҲŲ֪ش˱ڹοֵӣҲøѽ
ҶСԶļʮǣԶԴáƬ֮ԺȻ̸ϻظȻڳеĲֿﲢûзʲôΥƷԵڻϷһЩа塣
Žĳæ͵ˣв㣬ʵװعػģҲϲʱɽ·˳ûʱ򣬶صЩ˵ӹһ١
ҶСͷԵֲĿȻûзΥôϳо׵ģв֤ݵģ˳ȥɣ˼ҵ⡣
ԶվȻһȣҶϵܰ˿ߣ߲áǾô뿪ɩһԹҵģߣǶȥǸСü
Զɷ˵ҶСߡЦѶ͵⣬һµС龪һڰȻةţʲô£ȥ°ɣ
ɢڹ£ҶСԶıӰһЦҡڵػת˳С


04 ɳ²
ҶС쵽վ濿ɽǴԺԶסԶԸ˼¾ƵСˣȡһ̳ӺþƣĿ룬һƴͬҶС쵹ڡ
뺨ԶҡҡλεվҶСظһ˳ȥҶСֻҪȥС⣬Ҳδ⡣ԶȴĵظϵǱס
Ǳڴǰ׾̯һī黨ڳճճ
ǰ͸ģһ𳤴һϰ䣬һײƾǿ͵һӮ˾үɫ˵³໥ţ⺮ӵȡůǱԼҪһһ벻ȴͻȻϢˣҲûг֡
һ죬Զ߽Ǳһ飬սö黨üܱţԶ˵ԶöǱصЦҶС졭ǰơ
Ǳüһ֪ôˣ
Զһɸֵӣ㲦㲻ȥһ
ǱԶ˼˫üһһҧ΢΢ŭȴȻһ˵ģ黨վԶ߹ȥ
ߵúʼһֱϣǸȵӣҡҷһ·ܱµķ顣Զ۾ЩŵؿǱ廹ǰ¶Ů˵һ档
ǱӸߣԶ߹ȥ˫ԶһĵЦԶôŮƽ˻ôţ
ԶŪһԳԵصɡֲŮˡ
Ǳ̾˿ĵصǹҲŮඣǡ˼ҽŮˣòã
Զˣû뵽޸ȻһӾԼͷϣԶڰصááҡǽޡ
ǱͿĶ䣬һƮǱԶĶ૵ޣһȥԭɡʲӵةҲգǹӡԶݣӴ˳أ˵òأ
ʲô
Զһʱһ亹һ룬ԾƿǱ壬ѵ뱳˾ˣУⲻԣةôˣΪپôף˵ҵǲݰΪıְҲ˺áţ
ԶһƺߣԵڵϣ͵Ϻӣӣʹص㡭Ϊʲôң
Ǳ̧ϥµصǿĹְҲҶСƴƴŵõة֮λ㱾ɫΪͻΪҷǰ̣
Զһص⡭
Ǳһ߳ȥ
ҶСЮһƬ¿ⶪع˿Сƣʮ⡣ʱԶŶӣһһŲ˽ҶСЦеʵôȥôãһΪéˣȥأ
ԶεؿЦҶЩЦЦˡ

飬Ȩʶ֣Ǯ£˿ֻ߯ƫͺޣ档۴ӢۣĥƣԽԽ忡־³¸忣ֻ֣
ҶС츺˫֣һҡСƵ⵽鸮ǰʱѾ˼֡
ҶСʿһӰ룬ʱһǰߵţϾһ鸮ӿţ̽ͷһҶС죬ϵǱүĺҶةϽţͷصүϿ
ҶСλƵؽԺӣӵүأ
Цүٷأү롣
ǻٶͱȥԼӭˡҶСǺ鸮ˣÿҴ࣬˺ٴʱһִģҲδָͨȥ޴ӵԺ䡣
ҶСҲʹ˴·ҡڵӵԺ䣬һŶǡһСѾӭһҶСæҶСϵǺүӲ̺ٷ˵ģЦʵأ
Ѿүٷڻ԰ү롣
ҶС뻨԰ͼţҶСͤʯ̨ԣʹһһŽг˼꣬հһȰȥƤݵһҶС죬˷ܵվ
ŴҲҶСЦãŰɣҪˣٶûǸ޽£¡
ѾˣӸ߸¡𣬿ĶǷ𣬲·ˣһվҲ˿ûгٻĸоүӶڶϱһǴ佱һѾͷһǼСӡ
ë˲֣ӭҶС磬ôпչ
ҶСȥվ£þġ
һҶС֪ض¶Դ˵ҶСҶ磬ʹţȻȥЪЪ
ҶСͷ󲽱ȥСѾȥҪһ˦ɰ粻Ĵҹ㣬˷ţ鲽䲻һ·ܰ
£һʯѾһҶҲȥʯһѾ椷Ը²裬ƮĺҶ졣
ҶСĻ¶Ϊѵɫ磬ڼʵڲ뿪
ҶСЦϣҲšʱŰҰ£үӻҵͷֻĵ̣һϷλ󶫼ֻԸȥ㿪ڽĵҵжͺá
չյףô

֪ʲôʱ򣬽ػϿһҡӻ̡ӻﶼУӻרѰ֮Ҽ۸߰ҪһʲôĿĵҵδõȥǵתתƣҵĶصʱ㡣
ӻ̡ػϣ漫󣬵ڼݻ԰ƣһʤضǿԵģһҺرӻ̺ܿڽǴ
δ֪Ŀȥӻ̡Ūһ֮ϲ׹ǵĺģӻ̡һٳΪҲ֪꣬Щʾүÿ첻ȥǶתתƣ;ûʹ졣
ڳȥӻ̡תƵĶǽǵǮˣЩ˴ʶҲͳһЩۻڣܿﾹ˽곬ʱݵһ׼ܾӻ̲ﹺˣʲôʸ˵ԼǮò˵ྫ׼סЩ˵Բս
Ǯ˾ۼһĵĵȻҲǮǮˡĵĻ⣬ǹһ̵ġЩ긻ӡǴЩĹſʱһҲǴЩǵɱ
ĹĵﻹЩĽǵݳ޵ģĹȻǮȴҲһǧ𡣶λ̣ͬдһ˿ĽΪ˵һǧĺλֱ̼һ
죬ǲԼͬλͣڽ˵λЩľٶһɤ¹˵ྵǮǮô


05 ߳
ڡӻ̡Ȳĵ˶ҾĽ긻㼸˾һ˵ҲǳšɤŸߵףһӾ˵ЧټŨصĶʱ˲Ŀ
꣡Ҫ˵ˣǸ̡
ûҵһǵ֣ԡ
ԣͦŵİôȴ³
ޣ˭֪ʲôԣ϶ϲӹŵļһ﷢Ժ˺ĵ֡
ǺǣµĺܣǮˮ˴ӻ̣ϰɷඡ
˽ţͼһθߴӵı󺺻Ű˽۵һ˫ţߣһĽСŮӣӻڸֻһƣ;Ů崿·һɽȪǹֱ˵Ƣ
˶Ǽˣġ欵ġĵġεġŵģһմȾ˼Ůñľɫ˶Ǵ͸˼ʣȴǱûеģٳǽС硢ڰζмλϲ˶Ĵ̰Ŀ
ֻǣһԱǸߴӵĴ󺺣ȴҪ˰̾˼ˣô䵽һ֮УǱﰡ
ԵĵԣһϮʽ۷ޱ߷ĺ룬ִţһϺ˿·ߵĿȶȴϰԵ¶һ˫ëȣ˫ֵҲţëأֱһͷ˵˻Ĵɡ
ɶ
һ𿴿ҰްĴ󺺣ٿߵλСĹŮҰ޽ϵĽɴ̼Ļ棬ͻȻݺݵصɹһ˵мߣ첲ӣĻģ
λҲѰˣ⣬ëhҵˣ꣬Ӫɫ⣬˵ﻹкӣʮָСǣǵͷߣȻ˵в
ֻڶ˼ҵŮ˿δʧݣëhȻϣһЦԴصһţСУҡ裬ĳĿţǲɰ
ëhôһ˵ΧЦƤЩҲסˣִָܲͷëhıǼǰһ㣬ӣǶŰǶŰŮɫ֪զİ㲻Ǿһʻţô
⻰һ˵Χ̲סЦ辰طĸҲ΢Ц߿š
Եõص˵ҪߴϣһʻţϣǲʻϹţб£֪Ǯҵ˲ζĵܲУզΣ㲻
С崿С˶žԼ˱ֵ̫ˣЩΪ䣬׾΢΢һĨ졣
۵Ŵۺһ£ɤӵ㳶ɶϱӣͲУôˣøɲϹģĲϣһ˫ϴŮҲӿףˡ
˵ţһ߼ǰˣ崿С˶ߣһԴĶ׹Сˮ״ǽСģ·˶һö׹Ƶľ£ֵģһ̲סҪ࿴һۡ
ʱӻ̡ƹϰõƱˣææӭڵصλ͹٣롣Ϊƹ񣬲֪λ͹ŪЩʲô
ԳɤŵŪɶɶɶöó£ֻҪۣҪ˵˵ϡģЩವɱã棬ɱغư
ϰһЦӦǣ͹٣಻ôü
Ե۵զˣӰɤŸ߰ôһ߳꣬˵һӵëˣĲˣ
ԱС˶΢΢ܱüͷֳ˳½ԻɨᡣС˶ˣۺȵɹѽ㣬û˰õವģӾզˡͲĶİ
λС˶ЩԳĸǣһһڴζеŮεʱһˡ
ԺŮ챻ӭ˽Ӵżӱżһվĸٲ˽гһǮΣײ͵Ʋеġ
˺ðΣԴŮ˴żƹĽ󣬿üɫ衢಻ס˷ܾ˾֪϶ⱱû׬Ǯ
˵Ķȷʵϡ˵㶶ӰɣǸ´ûôÿġ
Դһֻһ˵һߣԱС˶Ҳ֪޷ˣСҲ֨
һΡѩƽƣЦӯӯȥ粵֯ɣڼõĶϣҪɫʻӺͳƣѩƳɵ˿״ԽǮǴͷϵġ
ԴС˶߰˸Ӻسˡӻ̡ƹһֱͳ⣬ЦػһһЩصĸΧȥʵƹģ׬ӶǮ
ƹЦеһֻƣصֻ˿ƵĶ׬
һԾصʮƹģڰҲҪ
ƹĹЦҲļۣԼļۣ˵㶶ӣ̫ƯһڼۣаߣȻͲҪˡ໹˵ʲôأȻߡ
ڸҲôЦëhվ˶ƹô˵΢΢һת˳ȥ
ԴС˶ϳӣһţԾ˾룬ټӣǽԵ߯ҲǽССһۣҶһЦصë磬ôӣҪŲ㣬СôҰŮء󷽷£Ӱб
ԭⱱԣȻë磬ݵĻëɵЦݹ´뷨ʵǰӲԶڡ
̫á͡һЦ˳ë̾˿̫õŴôãбˣô˵òþ
ЦӯӯĸҪӿڣȻͣסˣʽԳڵ·ƹġ
ëǺݶһѸһݰһǰߵͼ·վһˣվӣЦǷǷڽǵëh
ƹ³ӣߣ첲ӵզˣզΣ̰ǿӻ治㡣
ëhëǹ˹֣Цݿصүᣬĳ׷ɲΪүͻбҪ̸ҿүϲ֮ĳǡһЩѵһı֪үûȤ


06 ļǿ
ǡʲôţĽǰôϳ
Ϭǰɣ
ѽѽҲ̫ˣôΪʯءɶϼĸۡʮͷǸּ߾ǧˣǸҲûô
ëhЦеصһɺأү㿴ĳұ֤ү主£ϧԶڱôߴôƯɺҲδؼ
ţˣȫˣԾŴӣ˰ӡëhһ۶ȫҪˣжʱϲ˵ʱģŵʵʲô
̾˿ëhһߣСү˵ɶ࣬ôͷ찡ɶľǹϵøܸܵء
ëhͷǣǣҪôôĲү⡣
Եˡ˵Ҫӵɣ˭˭ˣżûУżҿ϶ˡˣǼûͣ϶ǼҰ
ëhüͷʵү˵
һĴȣѽѽ˵ⶼˣզءˣЩϬţɺɶģҪɾǶˣţ
ëhһΪѵصϧûү㣬ʵЩԭ࣬Ѿ˴󲿷ֻ֣Щˡ
ԿЩҡͷǻ˰ɣأҲδػ˵ɶҪееĲͣǿ϶ˡˡ
תҪߣëhϽסţүڽ껹ҪãҪٴһ£ҾܸŪ㹻ı
һ°
Ŵ룬Ϊѵصɣа¾Ҫȥݡ
ëhݣɳɳɣݲԶʱز˽ֵ꣬ʹѶ˹ȥ
һ£Ű
ܣܣ֣ҲˣȻˣһһϯƣСԾ֮갡룬롭

ëҡһɶԣ籱ˣʵٺʲ
ҶСΩһָʾǾܵҡԺ֣Ω˶ѡëΪִǡϲľǳԺ֣һڽֲ꣬˼ĸо
¶ҶСǲȥģ縻һаŵɡӻֵ̡ƹëhݸš
ݲÿ춼ëߣΪԴëǽëhѣʱȥѰ֡һûҰ㰡Ȼò绨ŮˣʱǾ¥ζ
ʱҪôëµһլҪôͶϽ棬ϴѰҶС죬󲿷ʱ䶼ڽ͵ȥ̵ٰ࣬Ůˣһʶ
һգȥʱ⻹磬ȥ˼¡վڼɽǹᴩ˳ͽֵĹӼࡣݺȻ뵽סڳͽϵѦˮ裬ɽͽָȥ
ݴëǡƷﲻֻһ˵λˮ飬ҶСŮǳ棬ȥСϲŮǺģ
ϣıիǹӼΧķı꣬ÿսҵ̵ܿһ굱Ľá˭ǵĵŮء
ı꣬ΨһǹӼļ˵ģ鷻Ůˮ֪ټĽţԼĿеŮҲЩڼεڴˣϣл˶һβǲĹ¡
Ǻܿͷ֣ЩĲӼ˵Ĺ¶ƭ˵ġܹڹӼѧǲӡˮǸˣϧŪѧǮƣ޷Դɫʼôġģ·ȫôǵ˼ȴȲΣҲ˿ǷǵĻᡣ
ɵãǸɦǶλˮҲӵľȻ죬ǲµŮ񣬾Ȼһؤˡ
ıիſڣؤס˴ţűվɩͳ¼ӣˮӶˣǺˮһס鷻ԺϦദͬһҡ
λɨ㣬ǼؤŭĿӡΧ·ˣһŭ桢ԾԾԵӣƺҪЩؤˡ
ס֣ס֣ʲô
һؤֹΧߵĴɢҷһ֣ŵصңл磬Ѧ׶׵ˣǲžͻŮ˳ǲҪԼ飬쾭壡ؤôؤͿԻڻ飿
ؤȻʵϸü٣Ȼл硣˵лҲʵڵùһϸƻ뵽帣˭ϰ·ȴ˽ٷˡ
ĸˣһڷӣľͰһĲƻˡ⼸·רҵʿϷǮƱ֮ززȻûȡһлͳһ⵰˽ֻؤ
һؤ˻ˣڽΪǡǡһıիѦˮƣܼһˣһ棬ȫסˡ
лʱӻϸ룬ȴԽԽĶҵĴ£ȻģȴˡۿˮĲȻһ棬֮ΣȢʳǰ
ǺлͷĻ飬ٶлݻһֱţĿĵΪӭȢѦˮ裬ŻڦҶСޣһֱûлϡȻһֻһֽ
Ѧˮ赱Ȼټ޸лˣ޹ɩͳ¼Ӵ򽫳ȥ֮²ŰѴ˵ؤ֪ǰæˮޣŵ³֮ͣЩؤ㶼ˡ
ۼִˣΧ۵ҲԽԽ࣬лӻСȡǷݻ飬صǿڴˣѦˮܵٲңҾ͸Ϲٸȥ
ɩͳ¼һϻͷڣˮͷ̣нҡɩĵصˮӣôǸ˵Ҫأ
һͣˮ̧ͷ΢΢һЦϸصֻסŻСˣԻɩͳ´ӻ࿴Щԡ
лǷݻ飬һ£ȺͻȻһüĿغȵÿÿ참˵ͳͳÿ
ſ˴ǰһָл磬ȵץȥһƱݺݵлߣлãȻǸʲôʲô
ʲôԼ𣿺ߣ˽Ͳ㲻ʵߣץˣЩؤĸŵñͷˣЩԴּɣлôץˡ
ȺУ΢΢һЦϵǿСĺءתԼĳӣа룺˭˵СˣλˮŵĿǺء
ɩͳ¼Ҵӻϲܽǻ治֪ˮȻôӲĿɽȻн档ɩͳ´״εϲãˮ豧񵭵һЦ
Ҫл˾˭ؽ飬ǷģһҲˣȴҲٶôһ㡣ΣǸѦˮ裬Ѿüǿˡ
лԺؾͱˣץʱţһжᣬ˽˵ҾͿԳ
ǣûбȥϵĺڲ˽⿪ʱлз۾ðӦΧĹߡǿһ޴ޣһ޴ʯţʯʯţʯʯԡ
Ĺһ̫๰ֵع˾ͽ񹬼ЩЩˣһ㣬Զ뿪˴
̫Цеص˵ͷشл磬ɳƵĹѼɤӴСĹͷİɣТˣֻһ⿴أ˭Ҳٳȥ١ٺ١


07 ذ참
ҶСõȻ߳ķӣëðɶ̣ڽ긮ޱȣΪ˰˽ΥƷ
˶ı󻯣ðɱͷ֮˽ˣ͸ˡڿëhӴ˽ڽˡ
ͬʱҶСֶԳں·ֺ̼ͱеĳжһϸµĵ飬ص㻳Ŀֺ̼һҳϡ̼һպк塣һĬҳоǳϳС
ҶС찵жԼεˣֱҵжڶʱڰԼ߲ȥȡöԷΣӶܣôֻܴЩ̼ҵһЩ쳣жˡ
죬ҶСȻӵƷϢеƹҪѺһԭﲢǺҪΪƹĳ̻ںأȴҪѺˣȻЩͬѰ
ϢǺԼһξ͸¶ģ˵̫ãۿؽԴȥڼꡣɵҲ˵ͨѾΪɶ£Ͳܲһˡ
ͬʱϳҲɳһ֧ӣѺһ¡ǲճģǴ˻£ϱٽ˻ﱱϣŲ¿պġ
θѺµǳڵİݰֵܣҲεһ£н񡣰ǵг̣Ƚｻ˻ﱱϹʱǡǺ뿪صӡ
Ϣһ͵ҶСǰͲһˡҶС쿴ϢʶбΣץˣпһھ̵Էġ
ҶСϾ˾ϣڽѺصʱ򣬶֣

ų̤صؾɳ˿֧Χ·ҽɽŻѾٱˣѵɽֻΪ㣬һװǿ̶ӣǾͲ֡ԵģҲˡ
֧ʮսĻʿˣеӵİȫһ·ϻǷǳصأС칦ܸϵվŷ
סͷߺȵֵǣ㾫ǾͿ쵽ˣߵŰݶˣɱһϣ˳УǴںȾơ⣡
δˣ·Ժͭһ죬ɱһʧɫһµϷɽٵɱʱ򳣳ͱǹЩϵ˴кΪЩ˲ǹ¾Ǳڡ
ͷĶˡһµϷְεе󡢲󡢲Ȧأվɽܾá
ţؿЩˣΪ֮һЩսͷӣսֳֳìʲôɽһӴٱһٰγ𣺡Ѳ˾̲飡˵ȷߣڵȺ򣡡
泵ӶеĻһǹٱʱ˿æЦӭǰȥȴѳìסˣֻվǶͷصүͨڣĳûʲôΥдĳ
ǾشĻ㣬Ҳվһȥǲûʲô˽дԻУѣ
Ѳ˾ٱͻȻԽĳӽ̲ʱҲһȫ泹顣ҶСôǵһеĻݾߣж䵽ȫأܰĿ
Ȼȫ泹ҲŸпȷʵ֤ݣʱҲʺϷڶԽĳӲȡжʱΪˣҶС첻˲죬Ѳ˾ϼ飬Զ䡣
һͨ飬ջʵ٣ܼץŮͯ˷ͨдȷʽ͵©˰ʮˡڳﵱƵӷˡ˽ΥƷС̷Ȼ
֪شã˺ƴĴ˽жԶԲĳ͢Ϲˡο˷ջǣ֪дһݻŽصĽݱ˸߲ҵ͵ͭʸ
ҶС˵жȴǳͷβʧܣȫûдﵽҪЧշ֮ҶСѭ졢ܰͷϣٺƷɣ˴ճһһƣһож
ҶСλ˵˵ɣô˳ףȻһ񣬿ܻʲôԭ򣿡
ѭ˿ھƣ˼صˣ˵˽˻᲻ܵɹߣûͨ
ⲻܣ
ƷϷڱ𴦣ôеͨҺؾܡɽվأֿȭܶط޷Ҫ˵ЯȹֳصĲƻˡ
ѭôҲΪٸϸϢģʱء
ҶСҲܣڼʳƥҩһУҪòƻ͢ѽֹͬụֻ̀ͨ˽һ;һ˽ãһ˷ףҪһȴܡ˽ʱ֣ǱҲӦǲϣ˾ͻѰ˽ףӴ˲ǲֵġ
ܰͷˣְΪȫس飬ǲֻѲ˾Ĺٱಶ죬׳䣬˶ӣй¶ϢǰõϢȻһ񡣡
ҶС΢΢üж֮֮ǰӵģǿ֮ˡ׼ֵʱ֪شˡѲة֣жνˣͨ籨Ҳɡ
ܰͷЦˣֻҪʾ֤Ǻ׵ġ˽߸һѷһգȻ˺ֶ֣ξ͸ǲˡ
ѭ첻صǳлջвֶλпܣ·ĳأһǳɽ룬;ûлתƻ֤
ܰͷףңһõϢЩ˵Ĳɰ³ӣؽ·УżĸܣͷתơҾͰȫд£Ǹ޶֤ˡ
ѭʱƿԡ
ҶС̾˿һΣҲˡЩаôһ˽һصļĿ޿ײ룬Ϊгʵһһܶǵ֮С
ѭܰͷû˵ĵҲͬҶС˾Լ磬ˣһģ˭ҲȥƱˣҲ㡣ǵһ߻ħһɣһ˭֪أ
ҶСЦЦɻ첮ģеƮƮȻˡԽߣĸԽȥа̤ʵˣµ·ߵİȡһΣ̫ˡһջ񣬽Ǿˡ
ѭüͷˣӦô
ҶС컺¾ƱƬ̵˽ȷʵͲǺأڼͨ籨ţǿԼʱǵ̲飬˳ȥȴѡ
ѭ׵ֻǧûǧշܲô̲ɣôƱǵŭԹ˽ץ͢Ҫˡ
ҶСһζȴȻǲеġͷţǾôؽߵˣ˲Ķŵ˼֮ǰ˵ЩĲƻȻǳΣգһ뷨ƾ˳ȥĻͲûһ˿
ѭһĴȣݵصɣҾ͸ǺˣͷҾʹϣԺȫ뿪ҾͲţ˼дܴƤӵȥ
ҶСΪ֮ƣҲֻЩ취ˡܰͷѭЩֻɡ
ܰͷͷְֵи뷨ֻ֪ײ׵
ҶСЦǼ˼ôʲô⣬ֻ˵
ܰͷɵصǺĺ«ڣƻ˵˴ͿԷɢװˣɢ˲ֽšǵǰһվɽ˾ͬصӦʵȡ˱ظк͸е˲֮һһȽϣֲȽ⣬˵Ȼġ
ҶС۾޵Ǿ˫£ѭ죬ܰͷסĳڣһ˽˳ȥͭʸԽز鰸֮Ȩ
ƷԾԾԵص磬أ
ҶС㣿ȥ飬ضЩ˷
ƷĿʲô
ҶСΪҪܶ˵ˣ


08 ˿
һƺƴ󡢲ȫصĴ̲֮󣬺عٸ̺ͳеټ쿪ʼи̼Ǵ˿
Ĳ죬Ǹ۲ٻЩУһȺÿҪռ˵ƽʱûɻҪɴϿˮڣǲʤ䷳ˡ
ɹٸȻ˶ǵճ̲飬ȴںڵһؿǿ˶Գ̲顣ﱾֻһ˰˰ڴˣճػ˰˰ֶ֮һȺ졣
һȻõٶȣһЩʿȥ֪شɧ֪رҶСѯҶС¿ˮˣǳʲôֻ󷽱㣬֪¹ٵĿദأ
͢һַ˽һѹҪ¹ͷϡ¹ǲ£¹ٵְء¹£˵ģ¹پ»ǲ£Ҫҵ˶⣿Ƕ¹ٶҲиˣ˭е
ҶСⷬɧҲűˣҶС죬ǾЩʿǸôһЩЦصȻ֪ѴǹؿŰɣһҪԼóÿҪܻߣ֮١ȥæɡ
æˣ¹Ҫ˵
ҶСͭʸҪԽ참Ȩ¶Ի˵һ顣ͭʸԽ참Ȩ̫ү档ƹ̫үԼкǺ첮֮ǰľٶûʲôˡ
첮ôҪǳɹˣһ죬ӷۣЩɻ䡢ͬҲνˣҶСûĻԵȻ˲Ŀ
ҶС˵գüȥɽ˾鰸Ҷةûз˽ĴǺ°бҪܵȥ𣿡
ҶСˣҲ˵ûз˽Ȼá¾²ûУ̫ûзְʧְ¹Ϊǲһĺá
һȫس飬ʵû̫ջԭǸƻԴԴϣʱͷǻϣ䱻ͷŸɣΪ֮
š
縧źЩٵľһֻֻޣÿ˶ĵ̣˵൱е飬һþͻŪڳɳ𡣻˼ڴˣ˼Σŵ£ݱ˼һɡ
ҶСΣֻ˵Ҳɡֻǣ»辡ö⡣⣬ȷصķ˽ȻĿڶ֪֪࣬ͺã򲻿ȥٽ֪
΢ЦȻʡá
ҶС칰ָǣ˼һһСˣԸȥһˡ
һãҶСҪ˵һ飬ĵʵԽ참᲻Եǵ̫ˣɽ˾ĹԱǲô죿
ĿһѿʵҶةԽ鰸ĪѾʲôҪ
ҡͷǵûУֻز˷˽ľٴȻԼЧǴӲƷû뷷ԭ˽ģҶة˽ԴԴϣʱϷ滹Ҫ̯ɵͷϣĪ顣
ԭˡ
ź˼һ󣬻ص˲ع˼ʲôɽ˾Ϯ٣ȴǳ͢٣һ·ˣ̸ʲôͬźץס˽ףǴһ
ô˵Ҳã֪ҪԽ참֮Ȩˣ
΢΢һЦԻˣôˣѵ㻹˽ҶةƢôҪ£˭赲ˡִ֣˲ͬ⣬ƹֱȥ֪֪˵ʦ꣬ʮ֮˾ܳɣʱⲻˣĪ˳ˮۣҲԳ֮ġ
ϸƷζһĻͷǡߣֻǵĵعţһҶСƢԣͬ⣬Ҳֹˣʱػǻͷϡ
Է٣٣μȻվ⣬һЩһҶСƻ󰸣ҲԴзһݹͣ뵽Ѿ⡣

վһСӣˮӲݴһ˶ߵҰݣʮַï＾ڣЩҰѾ˿ݻƵɫһʯϣţҶСԶһϣھĺϴ
ʸԶտһƬһƵӳ峺ĺˮ΢Ӳݴбһ΢ɳɳ˵Ĳ֪㾲
ԶƵƵҧȻҲֻǰƴӣֵõȤȴ˿ҶСǶȴûʲôջ಻סӣƵƵطѧԶӣһһѵģȴɲҧ
Զ״ʧЦҵةˣӲôġڵ㻹ιء
ҶСЦˣҲУʵûһֱǶģߡҶС˸һţƵȥԶĵȤҲ
ҶССһ󣬱⵽˳ϳеĺ棬Ų߹ȥźӵţȻĶЩԾϸһȴ˵ʲô
ʱɽϺȻһӰҶС̧ͷһԭǱ塣Ǳ崩һװڶ̵֣ڱ֮󣬳ȴ䣬ȶý
ҶС΢Ц˵ΪԶıԶòЩǶϷ򸾣ȷʵȽֱ͡ĿǰΪֹԶûͻڹٳǻ顣λԷˣˬʴ󷽣ңңͬãҶС찮ݼڣҲ࿴ˡ
Ǳɽ£ѿҶС죬¶֮ɫ
ҶСߵСľʱЦɩ˺á
ǱȻҶةڴˣ
ҶСЦǱߵأϧǲҧסתתɩǡҶСϸһǱװ磬Щصɩ˻䣿
ǱǳǳһЦ̸ϻ䣬ֻһЩȭȣżɽϰһͼǿˡ
ҶСЦҿɩ˿ɲż㿴ɽ£Ѿȳ·ˡ
Ǳ塰͡һЦةˣ˵Цˣҷ򸾳ʱɽǶūһˣѥĥҲȲ·ѽ
̸ЦԶĵطȥҶСͷһͻȻԼΪʲôЩԾˣòԾľ·ɽ·
ɽ·Ѿʵˣ·ĲݵɫȻͬվͳеլӺ棬ϱû·ߵ˶Ҳ·ô˭߳·
ҶСŤͷɽ·ͶһƳϳһǸУԭ롣


09 ϻ
ɽ˾ȶؽϻأΪһӲʯ俪·ڣʯᾣڰ֮ϣƺʱѹվ쳣˵ôһ֡
ɽ˾ȶؾһλãɽƣһŵ¥ȥ֮ҹͤԯţΪ˷㳵֮ǰδձڣֻһɸߵˣűͷ۰෿෿Ǯ˰Ŀⷿȵȡ
ϻȶص˷ҲټһƬмд䣬Сޱסңж᷿ȵȡʱһһ裬һѶȼţԱ߶һߣһ˲ȥûǥӲŪţȼա
ԱиڻԱ߻ŲӣĻӳ۷ǲְٵ۷ȶĹֻһ˰δʹӦþǴ˵ص˰ιˡ
谵ķӰͶ䵽ǽϣǽǵӰƶţҲһһϣΪͶӰŴŤЧһͷſѪڣչ⣡ͳͳչ⣡ĲһҪ޷죡Ѿ׼ȷϢͭʸ׼Խ참ҶС첻ʡ͵ĵƣرӹĹٶܽ

ҶС˳õԽ참֮Ȩ⵹δ֪ͭ۵ʦ󿪷֮ţΪ˽Ǵ˽ƻͬʵϣ͢ѹҲܴ
ɷϣ͢ڹݵطִܷ᳹У̶ܴȡЩ˾үǾ˼ҲԼأǱϾڴ͢
ǵСֻΪ˾ܵر֤Լ棬͢Ÿɣͼı졣һ˵ʵеĴҲδؾͱǸеĶȥЩܹһϸλĹԱĸγһӴ漯š
ֻΧЩ߹γɵ漯žɢϣγɵҲʮʱ䣬תγһµ漯ţݵЩ˾һƾ೤ǳȶˡ
£ڳ͢£֪ҲܲʾԱԳ͢иһӦصҲ˳ˡغʹɽ˾λ֪ĹϽ֮£ֻһͣͽˡ
֪õͣתҶС죬ҶСԴһٹӵͣ·ˡ
ҶСУɵ֣˰˾˰ǻƷɡԡȻˣܰͷںأΪصĹؿҲһȾܸĹ˿أ߼ʹ⣬ǱѾ߻ȫ˳ȥˣҲûƾݡ
⼸£ҶС컹߳һЩˣ·ϵ飬ЩͨеŵҶСΰҲˣλһһ߳дλϵˣϵһйؽڣġ
֮⣬ǺƺƵġˡ࣬Ǻظʿ˷⿿ٸＸ˵ˣô飬ҶСȻɹٸз˽ߵĶĿǡ
Щ˷ڸ˼ңǺʿ˽˷йϸ𣬾ôһλʿǡþںص˽˷Ҳ£ƾһˣҲһ졣
ֻЩ˷ǴߣﲻֲܲУóһʱǾҶС˵ĺ档
䵽ʱƹˮһҪƳ߰Զͷ಻ĳɽ룬Ҫп·ѶʮڰڶɣּڽԪʾңһξͲ˰ڶɡ
ͷƽ״سͻͨΪ⣬˻ĳӺֱӳϼװ壬дۼڴˣר̼װж̧ϴΧԴΪҵ壬ˡ
˷˴ŰڶɣûҶСǣǴҶСҲûǣȱϻءذʯϡϻءֺȻĿʱ򣬱ɽ˾ȶ˰δʹżͷ۲ٵȺ۽׼ҶСةְλԶϣҪӭġ
ҶСסȶ˰δʹӭǰҶСʩ񣺡ɽ˾ϻ˰δʹپҶة
ŶӴʹ
ҶСЩؿһۣ㷭һʮһһ
ҶСеپ֣ʵǽǱܻ䣬ǻ֮ǰֵģôǻ֮󣬾͸øһ֣߰ʡȥ
ҿϲ죬ҶС͵øҶСػҶССˡҲҺû³³רȨʱ򣬾ּֹ³Ϊʱзз꣬ʷ͸ͣ調̨Ƶų
ܻ䵱ʵ۵䣬һȴһֱϮģӴʹԭܷҲ߻ʵԶĵط֪˰δʹͷˡ
ҶС첻ǾʷȻ£ֻһ£ֵطܶʱȨ볯͢壬Լڵطģֵط£Լһ׹һζհӹѺЩٶѧֶΣʱǻӵġ
Ӵʹ𣬿
ҶСŹپЦصӴʹʵڶԲסд˽ԭ͢ϲ飬̾Һĳϣ⣬˵ٲܾκΣ²˸͸Ҳûʲôر֮յϻҲֻΪ˾Щ£ͷи
پʮͷͣݳƲ룬ҶСô˵ӴʹƤЦⲻЦصҶةؿȻͭʸ¹Ȼȫϡֻǣ¹㣬㡾ְأҶةڹز鲻ʲôǴɽ˾Ǻǡ
ҶСɲ֪ɽ˾ͭʸȨ֮ǰѵõϢǶӴʹ̬ȣģصĹԱƲ˰ӣܵ˾⣬ܵԼϽԼëҲкɫ
һ¿ƢҶСκܺƢЦЦΪصӴʹͷǰ·
Ӵʹ䲻ҶСһ˽ȶأؿ˰˾˰ͷæµšţǵǴϷĻұǵǴӱµĻмǵǲЯߵĵ·
ǰ֧žͷ֧һ鰸һǣͷ۱Ʒ֡һǼᣬͬʱ̣ɵ˰Ŀں档
ٰŵüĿȥѲżֳмǵţúн̣ϴֻһŵֻǹͷ˰ȻЯİҲҪġ
Ѽġලġ˵ġտģ˰ģ·ϼӸǹطӡŵģ̾ȻȻΪҶСһ˵ĵбйϷĳɷݣҲɿƽʱϻصĹҲװҲ
ҶСһ˱߱߿ƵƵͷӴʹǲ̫ƣƼǵɫҲЩԵá
ӴʹҶСڣҶСҶةǲЪЪȿȲ裬֮˵
ҶСһЦӴʹȥ˷ɣ˽˲˵
Ҳã룡
Ӵʹ΢΢һЦҲףҶСһ쵽˷
Ŵ󿪣
ӴʹָһȸߴŻ˵һ˷ǰһţһߵ˲ȻɳƵкȶˡӴʹָŲֿ˲ҶС΢Цˣϻϱֻ̼˲ᡣ
ӴʹЦݿصұ䷿Ҳǣ飬һӣٲҲ٣
ѭ쿴ǶѻɽҲ˲ſڽصҵ죬ô࣡
ҶСҲһ˵ԤϣҲû뵽Ȼô࣬ǵӴʹ棬ҶСȴ治ɫһ΢ЦΣ֪ΪҪô˷ˣ
ѭͬص˾ǴˣӢӢ


10 ˫
ϻص˷վڳ£Ųǰһ˵ϼ֣˵˲أǿĹ𣿡
ϼֵأץǴɽ˾ңҲ̫ˡҪ֪˵ǹˡڰɣٺ٣˽ǺúǾ͹ضˡ
˷һȺ׺ͷæͷ󺹣ԡȻȲ첻ˣֻܰǴ֣˲ṩī̷ˮ
ͬϻص˷ԤϵĲͬЩ˵ϼһǿûа˲Щ˷ϻأտʼЩΣô˲ô飿Ǻܿҵ˼ӿٶȵĺ÷
ȷֳһЩÿ˲ѡ»һӵһߣֻѡϵĻӣΪϻضĿ̷·ڼУ˲ҲǷֿģһ¾һ빤
ҶСַܴԸֻ볣ϳԼ塢Ĭйصļ¼һٶȾ͸ˣ˷ֻܷɿ򱱵˻ᣬֻйصļ¼һλ˷ҵбϻеǼǣٶȱϻصԤƵĿʮֹ
ҪҲֻҶСЩ˷ǲΪҪ˵ģˣûеõƾʵ֮ǰҲ˲ҹֻˣǵָ˼ҵı˵ɣ
ǲôҶСȴͬˣҲںԶôˣȻͭʸڡз㶫ɽ˾֪ǵͼذֵʱˣ
ֻڲϻصУããȻȫͷⲻӴʹһţרŸϳԼС˲Ϣļ˷̱տڲˣֻĬĬط˲ʱҡͷһרѼϻϢ˷Ҳȫƺڰ˲ļһһ
ҶС˸ʹ಻صͷͣ
ӴʹصԭةҲˣ
ҶСţĻʲôˣ
Ӵʹֵصة˲ˣῴͷۻ
ҶС췭棬صضӴʹٿ
Ӵʹһͼֲܴһ棬ߴģӡģһͼԱдš¥ʷ֡ӴʹɵҶةǡ
ҶССǻСصĴԴ·ʤӴʹҪҪٻ칦ܶ꣬ʱԽ㡣
ӴʹЦ⡭лҶة⡭
ҶСллֲӴʹʱǧҪϸЩǱٵأɲҪͿӴٺٺ٣㶮ã
Ӵʹ˴ЦлҶةˣ¹١¹ٹæͲ˰ɡ
ҶСȻƵģŶˣӴʹôпչʲôҪ£
ӴʹǵûУ¹ֻмҪ
ҶСЦصʲô£Ӵʹ£˵
˼Ӵʹĵ̣ΪˣŪӴʹЦãֻˣһ˵Ҷة¹ϻأϵɽ˾ܴĲ˰룬֪شǺġ
ҶСͷҲóɽ˾֪֪أҲǳ͢ʵǵص˾ֻΪ˱ʾǳ͢ĹԱ˸ƺѣ˼֪ǸӡӴϮģ֪ؿɴһ
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ҶС첻ͷصҲ˵ô࣬ôӸʲôˬˣֱֱ˵ɡ
ӴʹˣҪˣ¹ȫϣⲻе˶ˡ˲Ӱϻص񰡡
ҶСֵصӰǵ𣿱ô֪
Ӵʹ㿴ɣǸѭհͷǻƸʹԾƣ˰μˣЩʲôˣ˵ҲգŪҪô飬ҪôǷ˼˼һƨծеˣ㿴
ҶСŭѭ죬ʵ̫ˣԺζģ޶
ҶСŭһ̾˿εضӴʹӴʹ㲻ãѭ죬֪شүڵܣԱҲö̫̱һϰҲֻ
ҶСӴʹ¿ˮӴʹ꣬˰˾أ˰˾˳룬һҲ⣬ͦģŪЩ̻ΪǱ˰㿴⡭
ҶСŶǺ˰˾ˣǱֱӵмģֻõҴˣģһѵǵģǸ鷳ˡ
ӴʹεصǸջģл
ҶСЦݿصûǽлߵˣ⺢ͦɵİôʲô鷳ô
Ӵʹ˿λƵģûָӾͳĶ
ҶСе㲻ˣӴʹĲˣ㲻Ұ˶ɣϻ참ģεģҲˣϻѵʲô˵𣿡
ӴʹᣬɾǸղţȻνҵլŮľѽԭ˵·ˣд·ȻԽҼҺԺ
ҶСЦݿ䣬֪ˣӣʲôãһ㲻ãϲ͵Ůϴ衣
Ӵʹ۾£
ҶСΪصӣֲйŮˣŮ˺Щ
˵ɫһ䣬ݺݵصǴӴʹ͵Ůϴ̫ЩëҶѵֹһˡģһϼӹܽٸҳҺլҴĵȣ
ӴʹͷߣֻõǡǾҶةˡǼȥЩʲô⣬ֻ¹ҲԼˡشҲ֪ɽ˾֪үĵ̡
һ䣬ӴʹҶСͷףףӴʹ㾡ܷģͰһЩӣһûʡĵģһϼӹ̣ܽһϼӹ̣ܽ
ۼҶСô˵ӴʹҲ˵ʲôˣֻǿһЦҶС칰ֵˣǾҶةˣ¹ٸˡ
ҶСЦһźӴʹߣӴʹͣ
Ӵʹһߣ˷æµķ˵ıˣ¼ļ¼ҶСӴʹȥıӰһ˿Ǹüҡ
ٳһ©ףصסܣԴһʼûϣȫڲϣѭ˵ķͷжѾӴʹľ裬ǻջô


11 辶
ϻբڵƹ⽥Ϩ𣬶˷ԺŵơҶСһ˾סԺ᷿ǽˣϻص˷ճ칫ڿⷿˣð칫Ϣ
ҶСסҪĶ࣬ϾݰһӼ֮ҲӵЩ¯Ų裬˻λ齣İĵƹŽղ˵ջ
ѭϻص˶ǺеⰡʲôܱ˶šš䱸ţ̫ˣ
ҶСЦģһͺ˷ˣοĲ⣬ҲѲ˸ϵܰǵǲϡ档ǳǰԤϵˣ˺ͣһҲռģȷʵܴ󡣲ӣҪȥʲôջ񣿡
һѭһ޺޵ص⼸ע۲죬ϻػĲôĻɫ׽ģ쵰һɫһƹɣɫܣɾһõĻûСӱǸˣˣ
ѱ˶˼Ұ㵱
ҶСЦҡҡͷֿ˰˾ˣ˵ְ⼸˰˾ˣôְֻûšϸĹ۲֮£ǷǵȷЩ̫ĵطѾӴʹľְȥǺˡ
ҶСһæ˵Ĳָʲô
΢΢һЦةˣְ˰˾µģ˰˾ϰߡ³ָ̣ƣʲôԾ¹óֻһָоҪ˵ӳîְ˵
ҶСͷָоıܣıģ֡ȴԴй桢ϰߵ˽⣬ҲǾ飬Ҫ˵ѡ
ҶСǾ˵˵ĸоûϵǼ˼棬ҲһҪ˵ݡ
˰˾˵ǣ⼸죬Щ·̰ѱְϻصˣΪְģԱְн֮⣬ְǵ̸ٶо͸о˰صһܺô˽׵飬ֻ޷ȷǷ˽ΥƷйء
ҶСü֪ѭȥ߻ͻƣӴʹѾ˽䱸ѲٿܡֿƷɣƷһЦҡҡͷ
ʱһλݵͻȻһҶСˣˡ˵йĻΪǴǵĿϣǲܲʲôġ
λϿɣǺٴϵ˷ΪҶСʹĹϵԶΣЩ˷Ĺ£ҶС컹ǱȽϿصģ׷ʵγԣ
ϿɹֵˣȲľǽһʱйسϳкͺеʣĿϿûʲô⣬ںǱͳƵĿȫܹԵϡ
˼ȻԸϲҵĿȻѾɣҵȴȫû⣬˵ʲôأҪôʵף˷򣬶һ㣬Ϊܡ
๧άˣΪУϳԭľĳУ˵ǺйϵڴҴ˽ôɵľǳϳУиܡ
Щ̼棬û⣬Ǿ͵ð̼ҡ˲ͷ˶һ飬ĻҹݣûиµʱҲ첻ɽ˾
´ɽ˾֪ôʹشӦˣΪԵʣǲܾն񣬴ɽ˾ͿҺصڶ̼ʿǣҪˡ
ҲΪҶС޴ǺֵܣѾںٴʮ˷ѾԼΪҵһԱԶԼүֵܿøⷬڣⷬʵȴʹ÷ոӳ
ΰѹֵˣСл˵
ҶСĿתƵϡΰѵɴ˿أС˺ϣΪ飬˵˰Σ˰˾үǱСϤ˵ˣСһСָͷȲϣڹٸЩ۸ӵĹϵСҲûհͷס
ΰòˬʵĺӣûı£δس裬⼸仰ȴҲϰԵذ˶άһԼļ⣺ԣС˾ʹ֣һ֡
ΰ΢΢ЦЦС⼸Ҳϻת˸飬ûʲô֣С˺Ȼһһˡ
ѭɺصȥʲôǶҺعؿʹɽ˾ؿм䣬ǳɽ룬ѷɣֻ߶ɿڣֽŵġ
ΰ׵հͷ˵ǣСҲǱ⣬һĿȥתתС룬˷˽Ļһ·ؿ϶ˣǺعؿʹɽ˾ĹؿϣδؾͲ˲ֽţɿȴһ
ҶС΢΢ü˼ŵɿڣڶɵĶ񴬣ܲ鵽ʲô
ΰѵһЦˣɿڴ̫ɾͿʼˣٶ꣬Ҳ粻ɢӪľ棬ڼʮǰ˴Уֻһңдˮ֡װжڴıʳ
СǰѺ˻ɿʱżȻǶԹкͻǵĿм¼ģڻǵȻȨ飬ǻ¼һлУ˶ٿԴҪڶɷѣ򴬹ǷǮ
ҶСŵص˲ӣùֶ֮ɣ
ΰѵСҲһ㣬Բȥ鿴С˺Ǵϴ󱾾Ǽģòһ֪ǲװϸ¼ʱ䶼УЩ˲ҪϽ˷Ҷ
ҶСЦ̤ЬٴȫѹΰѣһΣ´ˣ
ҶСȻվҲ֮վҶС˵֮飬λؿƿգǾ͡޹ɣ

ΪıʳΨһԴеľҲ쳣ңٶɿڵ˼Ӷʮǰʼһͳˡһϴж£дˮֶıʳ
ҶԴеĹʮĴѾǳܣҵĹԼͷشֻսٸԭ򣬷Ա֤ɿѲֶܳвΪƾҶɿڵȫ¢ϣ˸ûлᷢչ
ڼ㲻ȥͷڼҲܲԴ²иÿշ겻󣬱ضˮȥѲһһλʨÿѲ
һ磬һظϵͷڼλµͬ£ƵѲĽɽŴǾηĿ⣬Ȼһò㡢Цݿǰ
²õüϾһд³˺ǳǸʲôģÿ
ǰɣ
Цٴ͸һ㣺ٺةҶС죬ϧԵһ棬ΪϺɶʯ̶һۣƷɺã


12 
ʮ긻ǿʱԽһλةȥȲ裿ЦЩƾɽݡͬ۵ɽկͬ˵ֻһУͳûбʵ
سǾаˮӵİ촬ڶɣԡֵ·ķۼԽԽ࣬Աɷֺܸӣûи
Թٸ붯Ǻ׵ģٻ١һԣֻЩˮԷİնԡλڴɽ˾ͺصĽλã߶û̫ϵةʲô
ưɫǰʩԭةˣ£۲ʶ̩ɽˡ˹壬µң˵ªСԾ
ҶС΢΢һЦԶͬ´ĻƷɵ˴ƣȥ´ҴһƳͷѾվʮİˣŴ粻̿ãҲˮһͲǺ롣
иݣٶʲô£ҹèӽլ²СģҶСͷϵһԺӡ
ⴱԺӴ濴ƽƽ棬һ̤УȴǱһء֮ϲõĸûʣۺʯľıΪС̴齣˿Ļݻ־߷š
ǸжʮɽгϾǵشҪ˼ĶˣԾǹªŵ˸ʿĲù԰
Ǵ˿ҶС֪ȴѣﻹһ֮⡣СˣʹŮ˲裬Ƿӽʵةˣֻǰˮӵһεº˴ķۡȴ֪չ٣ǷʲôԸֻҪõģһ߳ΪЧ
ҶСĿһת˿վԺУδ·Ը̤ļ£»⣬ϵ˷ģǶǲõİ֣ǳҳʮ˼ңŵù
ҶСͷãǸʲôȥʲôٵ˴˴Ϣ򲻿͸©ȥ򡭡
ҶСĿһϣصٵǲģֶֻ
°ľֽǼ£ʱҶСһãǼеߣһŽɢȥ
ȼдɢȥּϻУЦˣѾ׵ˡʲô飬Ըɡ
ҶСŲ豭Ŷȣ΢΢һЦܼˣ˷æͼʱ䣬Ҳ㸶Ǯ㿴ô

һƬãȻ
ҶСһǡء뿪ϻصġΪӴʹҶССѾ߾裬ҶСԾû취鵽ʲô˿Ǻ̺ľ˲˾㬡뿪ˡ
Ӵʹһ䲻ȵģòذͳϻأûǵĳԶһŤƨɻ˹ڡ
ҶС֪ʵڶǵң뿴ǷʵʵغȥˡԣҶСĹؾػ˺أʱûͣ¶࿴һۡ
صصĵڶ죬ɱ˸ǹȻǱ壬ǰһĻҶС˵ǸçˣҪû棬˻δס¡
ҶСةȻʧ̫ãܿȻ뿪壬ٶȻص˺ء뿪ʱ򣬻Ʒɺʿ壬һµĻĸͷӣͷͷϡ
ĸͷӱ°Ž˷˲˵߼۴ع˵ģԷ˷Ӫ˽֮١ڻƷɺʿߵĻ
¾ߵҵĿⶼֻۼϣ˭ߵĻ˭˭ռˣǼء

࣬˵ƷɾͼҴҵظϻҶƷɼϵլͼӭƷʶҪƿκα˴ѾײʱٶЩ⣬ֻվסŲɫЩ̫Ȼ
ԴﱧƷɣƷɶĸоͻȻͱòͬˣǰֻһĴ㣬񡭡ƷɲȥģĿ⣬صҴڣ
˵ҶСûгͷƷɣܾǷһ顣ﵹ֪жԼһЩǸʱһЩƧͯϱģдŮСŮ˱ͻǲġ
ȻƷɴ߰꣬˵ʮŮ˲ϣŮҷΪʱ򣬴ﵹ⣬ǡһų쵽ǡôӣУȴֻǰѻƷɵһСֵܡ
һǻƷɣشкƷֵܣүڻأңң˵ȥɡ
Ŷãá
Ʒɴ⣬ϽԱһ˹ȥ˴ʱᵽϵŮ㣬ƷһţһңżذһʯϣһӰ
ûƷݣæǰһβͣǰȥ߰˲ŻָݡһΪҪгˣҡͷһЦĵððʧʧģվǸûĺӡ
ƷͷҲһأȵվȣɰ߬߬ȭͷòûڣƽʱúõģôһ͡һǰɶһᱻЦġ
ҶСңң˵Ż˼ΨֺӲѧϰңң̫Щÿնܿ̿࣬ҶС쵹°СӹǶȰѧһ
ҶСûкʹӻи޶ɽ棿һڼһܲˣóǳȥ߲С
ңңϲ̵صа˼ÿ춼ȥɽء粻õǣʱԼɽˣ϶ϵɽ׽ӵʱÿζţ˻棬ôء
ҶСԴ̾ǲƣȴЩˡŮдԼ֣ʶˣѧڣֲȥ״Ԫôʲô
ңңС״ԪҲǡ֪ܡʶҿǼⶼٳ֣æҲס˼ҶЩ飬˾ܰСæˡ
ҶСЦСңңԣôСѧϰܼˣģʲôᣬҲȥ㳤ˣһޣյôһƸ۹
ңң֪ϷŪԼؿصةأңңʱ˵綼һԱˣ˼һݴļױôƸ񣬺ߣߺߡ
ҶСһĶͷȻ򡱵԰ѹ˼˵ŮӶǮ˿ˣǿˡ
ð㣡統ߣŽɽɽôС
⻰ţԱɽǺѷģǮȴӲڹ񣬾Щƶϴȴĸ͡ǧĻۣʹ̵ļҵʵ񣬺ο»һΪ֪Ľء
ңңҶСҶСЦŶܣʱƷ˽ҶСһƷɣϽץסңңСֹ֣֣ȲضԻƷʵջˣ


13 ҹץ
ңңҶСҪ̸ԹԵ˳ȥ
ƷҶС˷ܵص˵ͷӻͳһ鲼ŵĶһߺȻһ˲
ҶСӹ˲ϸ˰ص˲ĵطǣһĿȻҶСֻ˼ҳ΢ЦŵͷٿȥˣѾֵ⼸⣬ȡж
ҶСպ˲ڻ˲ӣƷ˷ܵص磬ҪҪжһ򾡣
ҶС쿴һۣ˭ȡж
ƷɵȻǴɽ˾ϻغǵĺ«أǵ˲м٣Ȼǲ뷷ġоǳϳУЩĿĻɶǳϳеġ
ҶСҡҡͷ̧ۿ˿ɫϵصҲѱϢй¶ҹζ࣬ץȥհͷټಶ죬ԭ򲻱˵Ҹϵз񡣡
Ʒ˷ܵصǣҪҪѲ
ҶСץ˰ٺͳϳеļ£òٱɣ
ƷɵϻؿɲǺصĵ̣ҵϻص˲ɿصͷ˰ǾܲǵĲֻҪԿ
ҶСҡͷصĹ٣ץõġ֪ҿذ참֮ȨҲǲ飬ܵɽ˾ȥץˣǾ˵ȥˡֻѺ«غͳϳе˷ֱͺáеƤӹ˾Ҫء
ƷɽǣɽȥѰѭ졣
ѭõƷɵͨټۣǶסСسСǲһͨ㴫ȫǣЩôϽ·׷׸ϸá
Сţ裬ǹĵƵֲ˻ԩ˵ʱѾãҲ˸״缱æС檷ҴҸϵãǡÿһѲҹۣæס˻ģô˻ң
˴شүӦټಶġ
ʧɫ˭ټಶ죿
仰һڣ֪ԼʵĴˣة࣬λ̫үةȨټಶģֻˣةʷȻͳ࣬еҪðȫûкŵʷԸҲǲԵġ
ҶСۣʱ
뵽ҶСĴɽ˾֮УҶСȥһ˴ɽ˾ʲôû鵽ɽ˾֪ռ˵ͭʸ״أҶСʱټۡ
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ҲòͱȽʱδͣ鷿ƷĿ񣬺Ϸ²豭ϵ£÷¡¡оɲ
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ܿ죬һ۲ţлѾ³ţವһ»ȥźȻرգƷſһվ·һ㡣
ڲ쵽ةڵԺվãʾ⣬κδҶһͷˮ֪ʲô¡ֵһҶСŵʷѭǩѺ˳ҶСڽվȵв֮ͽ̰ףͨйͬŵʷհͷǰã÷һˣΥϳͲ
ŵʷҶС󣬵ҶСμ̽˵Ļ꣬ϴʯףָ㡢㡢㣬Ǽߣ
ŵʷܵȥץ˰˾ļҪԱ⼸˶סڳץףԴ˽٣ŵʷˣһ־͵ȥûҪȥȥʲô
ʣµȻѭжѭҪȥվԳϳץˣЩвçѱûĸͽҳеܲԴ࣬Ҵ⣬ÿ˶䷢滻ճõˮ
ѭһãƷɱȥϳ˸ҾܲڣղŸЩѭһѵĳֵʱŵʷѾʼץͷһץľ˰δʹĽࡣ
ҶСãתȥլһ硣Ϊʸ˭⻨絹סںլװƣֻȥˣҪ£Ҫ֪شϵġ
ҶС·Ӱһ㣬ȥҶСҲΣ֪һ书ҺηȥѭжκΡָʹ
ЩҶС˵˵Žף޷ô˶ŵõģԷֳʮõģ죬ÿհãظ
ǶҶС쵱ȻĹҶСΣգǻԥسȥԼֻҪܱҶСİȫҲһüͷҶСָʹԼ£ֻҪ뿪Լ߷ΧǾͲӦ
ǽܵʹǱߵİȫʹκһߡáԼ˵ʱԼҲɱҪܵ񡱵Լ񡱾㴴ġ
ǧλʼѭ浸أЩ˽ġҰĵģҲ͵͵ڣѳ򣬿Ҳԭ档ǰЩԼɽΪһϵͨȷϵȨͬʱҲʧȥɺңΪҲܵ񡱵
ҶСģǰʵʵԼУԼϵ񣬶Ǽһ޵ԼҲΪūǸ߼ūһĿĴﵽ֮ǰҲֻ̡
סˣԽԽƤ΢һֲĸоʱ¶ģѿһˤԸ˱øȥ
ŵʷϵฮʱһţһڣһһˡ˵˰⣬ɱϾ·˰Ĳ䣬ز׾ݣɲ˰ĹԱҲ׾ݣ´ʹΪ˰ιԱ
ǸزõŵʷԳĽҲǶжţԸҶСԸץĽʱЩšҶةȻôԸˣȻֻ¡
ŵʷ˳ԼļңĽ¶һĨֵı飬վְסӣֵޢŮ΢Цһͷ򶨵ضŵʷŴˣ²룬ҵļУΪ
ŵʹֵ´ʹة˲ǲ׮Ҫһˣ
ĽȻ˸һ£΢ЦãҸȥ
๫Ľķ˾ŵվһץס˳ĽֱۣĽֱۣοӷģûµģúżңһ
ĽȡۣϹñݵضŵʷ߰ɣ
ŵʷЦЦ´ʹڻߣ
ŵʷһŤͷԸԣѣ
ĽԣɫЩˡ


14 ұçײ
ĽſһվɫŵʷٷʲôҪҵļң
ŵʷٶԴһ֪ة˵ֻ£´ʹԲסˡ
ĽĳΪ٣һ磬ûм˵ĶҲѣǣһδٵǾͲҵļңĳְ΢Ҳ꣡
԰಻סŵʷʷˣʲôֱӰˣѾˡ
ŵʷϰ˰֣ȥ죬ѳĽסĨ˫£˫ۣǳذĽĿ𣬸ո˼Բ֪ĶһĨһӾĿСڲһӵ룬ڳ¼ҷ䵹Ѳ

ҴҸϵãҶС뻨֪ض𻰡һ̤ȥڸ֪ó˺£Լ֪̽شˣةˣô
֪ҲǸҶة˵𡣡
һˣҶС죬ҶС쵭Цִ٣ҶĳյϢΨй¶˷Զݣֻնˣ֪شүˡ
ҶС˵ţͰ¼˵ȥֻΪ֮ǰѾԻ˵ĻּԵ˵һ顣˵գةˣçײˣ
ҶСգգ۾ЦҶĳһçײˣԴ٣һʡԣԾǰҪصĶˡȴ֪˵çײʲôأ
õص崬е˲Ҳ֤ôֻһҳе˲ӣ˭֤Ŀɿ
ҶС°ͣ΢Цô֮Ǹ˰ص˲Ϊ׼ඣǿǹƸ˷˲ϻ˰˾Ĵӡأ¸ǸŸֵĵݡȻŵ
ҶСЦͻһֻϧҪ٣ǸһٸӡҲǼٵġ崬ֻǰڶɻģ˵ĿһΪ򴬹ŹǮǱͳÿյ֧ûκǴе˲ȴǹټҵ˲ҪĶ࣡
ؿҶˣ˾֮£ְ౾ԣֻͬΪ٣ͬţۼçײΪǰܲòѡҪ֪ƾһҴе˲϶Ա̰һ֮òƾʵݣû취ֵģ
ҶСµض˴ҶĭӣҪƾʵôҵǵļңҾͲûһƾʵݣ
⻰һڣһվĲִ٣һ趼ˡ˴ʧɫʵʲôҶة㡭˳ǵļң
ҶС˹صλ㾪ʲôҶĳǳңѼҡ
ǻһ㡭㡭ѽҵҶˣһأçײˣ̫çײˡ
ҶСȤ۾񿴿磬ת
һЦȵҶةô磬δ͸ҳͬŵļң˵ֻõһЩ֤ݣ̰ϵ飬ԭҲ޲סֻƾһЩ֤ݵ֤ݣ㺷ȻץˣǵļҶҪѾççײ⣬֪
ҶС췭˸۶صҪϷð찡ҶĳʱҳƱĿã߾ҶĳҪץҪѵǼˣôҶĳץ˳ǲǾ˳ˣ
һ⻰ķ裬ġġųġթģûôˣĹ٣ҲҶС⻰ķҶة㡭ǳ͢٣ֻҲ˵ĳ⹫֮ϣоϵ
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ҶСѲյһ٣ڵһվҶĳ̸Ҷĳ˷˳һΰɽȡˮկɺŻѪ߳Ͼڳ͢ʱһֽҶĳͳ˽ѺϾˡʣҶĳʱѾ𣿡
һ⡭⡭
ҶСʱҶĳǵʷ٣ǳ͢٣Ժ֮ӦñԱΪȴ⸰ϾſڣȨ󷨴ֻҪʲôҽҶĳҲֻܺǺˡ
ͨ죬ָҶС£һҲ˵
ҲҶСһ㲶׽Ӱ֤ݣ󶯸ɸ꣬»Ĳʰ̲סҶة˴󶯸ɸ꣬òʲôƾݵĻʱճ
ҶСȥѲ豭УĬΣȻ˵˵ɽ׸ģƣҶĳôһˣ˭ҽϾǾģ㲻£

ĽļҲⶼѱˣҲδҳֵǮĶĽ࿴Ѳ飬Ц
ˣûʲô
ˣûС
ŵʷһر΢΢ˡ
Եתţ񷿶ˣĵתسĽ鷿Ľ鷿Ҳûʲôص裬ıֻЩֻһĿȻҵԲضĵط
ǽģһ̽ʵĵģ԰üͷҶةѭأͻУΪ˾ȥ˰ǺƾֵģУǹغصǱ԰һ֤˿ʣ
ҶСôˣ۾һʧܽҪԼǰ̣жٲϺİ참ֶβҪҪǽܷ֤֮ǰĴ⣬ʱ򣬾ԳɰӢ۵ġ
ҶСðգΪѾյѾ϶Щȷ⣬ҲƾݣǾû塣Ľ˰δʹǷ˽ŵһԱû̵ѺôģǾ֤ҶС۶ǴġǱȥӣ
뵽Ժ޺޵ض˶ţõһҶةˣЩظҶةߵ˻һʲô³һŶȥͻȻһ飬µĶƺеն
Ͻͷ棬ʱ鰸棬̫ʦҲ֪˶ִ꣬ĦļΪ˶壬שĵ棬ʲôȷʵԿն
ֻȮƵſ˵ϣϸϸع۲˰죬Ťͷеˣ鰸̧
ǽʼһש˿һߣݲߵһķĶڣ渲һľ壬ƿһڶڡʱһЩĲѾȥӳһһ
鷿ϵڲӣշİ׻ѩѾںڵȫڱˡĽۿɫ˫ɸƵĶ˰죬һᣬ̱ڵϡ
ŵʷЩںⶼΪڵؽ÷̫òűɫģֿ鷿ڼªĲã˼⣺ЩӶùˣԼǳ´ʹֻزãԲһһأסªҼӣûӣֻһṴ̊ôǮͼʲôأǽ벻ͨ


15 ҲǸ
ѭ첶Ǹϸϳеץжǳ˳ûзеܲ顣ԴľµѲ֮ţԲ죬ûġ
ȵʱ˰δʹĽ˰˾˷ȼؼԼϳеļҪȫѺãѺںļʱ෿Ѷܹʼһ˸ձȥһ˾ͱõշǳš
翴ǶѴӳĽӣ֪ҶСһӮˣһĻҲֻܱտڲ£ûбҪȥҶС참ֶǷֱǷϷΨһǵȨ
ԣϰѷںصһͭʸ֪˻㱨֪Աǰɽ˾ϻصԱڻæ֪㱨ʱҶСǩѺһˡ
ĽһϮ뿪ʱװ磬Ϊݣδκ̾ߡҶС΢Цһָ´ʹ
Ľ𵶵һĿбӡҶСΪ˱Ȳ裬ŵԵļϣŲӣ΢Цص´ʹҶĳҲְϵòΪˡﰡ
Ľ΢΢˫ĿһԲӣʲôӪˡ
ҶСһùһ˲ַҳԳĽ´ʹϸ³ˣϳػ˰˾˲ϼصʮ䣬ɿڰڶɹĻﵱʱʮ䡣صʱô˶ʮأܲǲϳ˰ɣ´ʹܲΪҶĳأ
ĽɱĿ·ɮ붨һ㡣
ҶСЦЦԽԻصǳ´ʹһ˵˰յľʮ䣬ʲôʮ䣬ô֪ǿҺɡǡһ⣬Ҿû취ˣ´ʹа취ô
ҶСڳĽתȦʱת棬ǼⶼĽĶͷˣһһʵ鷿ؽѳЩӣ´ʹνͣ
ĽɲԲֻǼ΢΢鴤˼¡ҶСֱ˫֣Ƶⲽ´ʹˣ޴ӵˣβʵأ㲻˵Ҳ޲ġ
Ľ໹ǱĿֻ΢΢һƲ¶һ˿ڽЦ⡣
ҶС̾˿ڰֵȥ
߹Ľſ۾ؿҶСһۣǰȻȥĽǩѺǡóڱ˴Ŀһϴ϶Ǻޱ顣
Ľų߳ͻȻüͷһ壬Ҫһ¡
ĽϾǱصĹԱЩǶͨһԴһԥǽǵéŶ嵱ॵͱǩѺûгĽĴ
ڽǩѺֵǶһվ˫΢΢ֿһĿڰҶС죬ɫʮưҶСɫһڣ֪
ڰͷһط֪
ҶСЦһ˲ϸ³ˣǳϳصĻɿڰڶɹʱʮ䣬Ϊصʱʮ䣬Ƕʮأôˣ
ƤЦصүԲã½춼Ҫ˵ϸµˡôһ˵û׼Ǵͷ౨̰īеĹǮ
ҶСһַ΢΢ǰ㣬Ц˵ͷ̰īǮǳв˴ʮ˷ѣлḶʮĹǮ𣿡
ںص˵ǡǰ·ǿ˶ʮ䣿Ҳû׼·гˤ¡ѽ¶ǲסʹԼȥɡ
ҶСЦЦȻȥأźɽС·ȥ飬㿴ô
Ȼһɫ䣬ҶС˲Ҳ˲ؿڵĿ͸֮ζ֪ҶС쾿֪ЩʲôҲ֪ҶС֪˶٣仰ȴһӻĲ
ҶСЦˣһЦˣЦķǳ죺ڣ㱻ץʱһ룬ҶС쾿ʲôƾݣ͸Ұץ˵ӳîץףߣһأǲǣ
ҶСЦӿڳУԵ쳣թͻȻץһ벻ͨپƾʲô벻ͨû˴һԸĸȥǲ˽Ƿá
ҶСŶͷ˼صһ˽δָ֣ôأҲ²°šأǲģʲôдֿܱ֡а취ˣ
ҶС˫һģ˳ضԳڵָĲѣô˵ƽأһ񼦣⣬һ㣬㳣ߵһָƣ˭κε㣿
ɫ԰ף˹ƵġҶСôע⵽ϳкһƽƽɽ·ôܿһС·Ͱͷ˽˾ֵǣҶСԷΪŵķʽڱǰ̶İ취
ں޲̲ɻسУˣǧҪȥĻҶС߳ʲôˣֻؿһ߽ҶСµ塣ˣֱһħ
ڽ߬Լȭͷָؿģûһ߰ƴġҶС쿴ı飬֪Լϲǳ˼λֵܣһλóǱ٣ɫˣƻĺֻ꣬ҪϣҲѵģ
ˣ´ʹ´ʹԾˣһͻײµҶСЦȻֹ
éſھۼһȺۣ̽ͷ̽ԣ۷׷סҶСվéһѩ׵űӣĬĬؿǰéӡ
ػΪ뷭֮˱ǣ¶ֻѥǳĽ˫šλ´ʹҲǸˣȻһͷ˷ӣķʽ
Ľȡ֮ǱϾͬΪ٣ͷ̧ͷģ˫ûʲô˽˶ԹҶСҲ޶ԡĬȻΣź߳Χڵλ˭ȥѳ´ʹŪ
һ£һɢʱߵһʣҲ֪ҶСķԸȥȥˣ֮ززҶСҡҡͷɨص¬ͷк¬һ£
¬ͷܵǰҶСȡһصԪŵ¬ͷϣ˵ȥѰǰѳ´ʹӷקٴЩˮϴ̸ɾӣ˰ɣ
¬ͷͷأ㹻ˣүģ¶С϶ϡ
ҶСͷé޵ķһۣŲص߽ǩѺ¬ͷüɫذԪһתѰȥˡˣʲôˣ¬ͷɵľɨĻˮɲ


16 ɽ
ĽԾһ£ʹõոӳ֪һϢϰҶСٵãɫҶС죺ҶةĽҪӷôԽéޣԾ
ҶСЦˣĽԾʱǷݣ޴ӿˡ˰δʹǶϵȻ˽һʱ֮ܲþϿԴҲ֮飬˭뵽ȥ޾Ȼ͡¹ѷԸȥٲκһӷˡ
ԴӼǶѴӳĽѳӣͲټֶҶСķԣתʼ֧ҶСжʱغһ˽ƻʵУֻ·һһĽ಻ǾֻѰһ;ˡ
һ̾һԾΪٲûҪдһƪ꾡ıȥҡҡͷҶСҶةӷǧҪЩ򲻿ٳˡ
˵ţԱһۣڻߵＸ䣬΢΢һüתҶСҶةةѰ㣬Ҫ£ȥɡ
¹ٸˣҶС˹֣תصԼǩѺǩѺһͼةݵλϣɫʮѿ
ҶСЦЦʾⷿеļȥЦӭȥ֣ôпչ
Զصʡ˰ɣĳٱ΢ɵҶ˵һ֣ĳֻҶˣ֪ĳ㣬ΪʲôҶ˳ĸԶȥ
ԶžһڰϣضҶСлͶң֪ΪʲôܾΪ֪֮ĶԹ԰֮⣬Ҷˣĳνɣ
лϳеˣֻʣ³ϳк߳вˣôţڳϳֳҶ˵жһҪ֮죬𣿡
ԶеܻˣӦǿҪƾةǲģΪǳ͢ĹְʱҲ԰ȥְ֮һ֧ڰе
ΪೣϳУһֱνڿɺãҶСһ͸ˣԶܲա
Զαһصʵ˵ɣⳣϳҵһݡ֪߳еĺ̨㣬ҶҲܳԶʳɣ
ҶС첻Ϊ裬΢Ц߹ȥһ˲ҳݵԶǰ֣㿴
ԶصҲʲôÿģ֮λ޴ǣҪҲ
ҶС΢ЦֲؼβȿϸĪϵء
ţԶôһ˵Űɵؽӹ˲濴ԭʼ˲¼ģȫǳϳе˲ϡ
Զ˲ڼעĵطɴ۾һյĻ́ͷмضҶСҶˣӺͿ˰ɣµ˱ʱĳûأĳʲôϵ
ҶС˵ͷָصû¿ΪûйϵҲ˵ĪĹϵ㲻ã㡮һӡĳϳϣ׮Ȼȫûйϵô
ԶȻһҶСˣæͷǱ˲˼ҳԶͰ಻סˣֱ˲棬ŽڵĻ¼ɫøѿˡ
ԶݺݵһȭϣɫһƬࡣȻˣϳһֱڸɷ˽ĹľڵʱľڶŻʱҲͶ֮ǡԴ˲֪飬Ҳδлκ档
ľɢ³һɢɳ⳵ȴʼδԴΪҳյķ˽ˡӲʩŽģڿǱ
ೣڣΪƿųϳе˭ֻ֪һõɵϣϳи˳ˮۣ۵ıӻɡ
ҶСģͬصһѵ˱ˣ˾ѡͱһΪεܲңڵѡǡͱһ

ҹͻȻ嵽ϳУ˳ںͼ£ѳڵĻ̻̣ҹðߡһ磬½Ϲ˵ҳ£ҳһࡣ
ʱȴǱ˺Ժ򿪽Ŷźߵɽ뿪ˡˣһһʯ誣ǳڵӣȻڸڳûʲôְȴǳڵĸ
ҹͻȻйȻǵġǾܲ뷨ֻһʧˣܲж˿ϸһɿɲ˵ߣҲûаѱڹٸа
ǣھ־͸ͬʱҲʯһ˽Ļһصڣ֪˽ڵ˿ɲ
һ·Щͻ͵ʿ֪˽ʱ˻֪ȻЩ׷ˣĿɿ˴Σ֪Щ߻᲻зˮġ
ߣٸȻ֣û֤ݣѾٸˡԸĸһȥ̽һǷȫãδ˷֣תƵʵڲһѻҲɣɽڣûա
ʱϳһţеĻƵĳлʹ˵գǻʧҵеĻĶץδ쵽ĹǮˮƯҺĳһţ˳û뿪ˡ
Ʒҹϳû˾ܲû¶棬͵ǱȲ˳ڵ뿪ʱǲûи뿪ҶСָ㣬ƷһֱںɽϣʯһͱǷˡ
ʯͣͣʱͷƷ˾ͲɽϵĹľУܹ֡ɽиСɽ壬ôɽϳһС·˿ˣƬɽֻһƬĹʯȺ
Щʯͷɫ״죬мֻżӲݺ͹ľܲסʯ誴ӹʯȺһ·ȥչǰɽǲˡ
ɽ·ȫʯͷڱΣԻƷɴĵضڹľһֻԶԶǵȥ򣬴ʧɽǴʱƷɶǵȥ
ɽԽıԽͷӦƷɱԾݴԣɵɽ¸ȥһɽ·ȻߣǻƷ˵ȴԳһӯݡ
ɿ׷ɽȥתɽǣͼǰһȣмһϪˮˮܿǲֻϥǣˮ¶Сһ״ʯͷ
Ʒüͷһ壬ɽ·ȻߣǶԺķѵʱ䲢࣬һôȫȻӰ
ƷСģɽǰȥвʮԶȻһɽܵңʮء


17 ·
ɽĶڲߣҪܽȥխңҲͰֺ̽һʯͷʵϿֻͨ߿խ
֦ҶȥǳƷɶϸ۲һȥһɽᵽϸ΢̻Ʒɸƶ˾ǽɽ
һ󣬶Ѩڵ·ߵͲƽռ佥ڵ΢⵽ѲáƷûҹӵı죬ѲܼǰУҲüǰˣΪѾ˵
ⲻúõҾ˵ֵطͨıҵõ󵱼ҵҲ̫Сˡ
Σ֪ط̫࣬ǻǰѶȥɣڸľһڣ٣ٺ١
ţȴ׵ˣȥ󵱼ҵıƽٸճ
Ŷ˵ĶԻƷ΢΢һЦèƵģӯȥѽڹ侲ҶСⷬôšҶСֵ˾ܲѾס˰ѱ
Ʒ˻ɽϣҵѲһ˳ҶС͵վԶվվةһҶةͣԼةҶةһཻĪ棬ˬصʮ䣬ǲߡ
ɽ٣ȻϷԴԴ˽ڱĳڱҶС쿨ڶͻڴˡϬǡɺ裡
ЯСɲƻѾûˣµĶϴ󣬲غͰ˵ĶɺһĶ̧Ŷӳ
ɽһǳˮȻˢɵģʯֻˣȻûоһӣѡ
ôĲƻ˰ͷ󺹣ҲȲѡЩصĲƻûа취˹عذģҲҲܱǮĶǶԺ塣
ֻ͵С۷䣬һ˵ŶۿˣȻ۵ú䤱ʱԱͻأðʮֳǹǰš䡱ֺµʿ
ʯ誱һֻĴĿɿڴվͨҪĶ࣬׳ΪѳΪʯڷֵĹУһɶ߱鱦ֵ۸ȻҲͨĶࡣ
Ʒ΢Ц߳Զ˵СЩɱˤˣ˶ֲϣ

ܰͷڹؿѾ˶գǺ˰˾ںر˳ڵ˰ĵͬҪ֮ɽΨһɹ
սһ򵱹صҪа۱ذ֮ҲŲҪӲʧԼҪذڹݴɼҲԼͬѡ֮߰˾ԭ
ԭֻһ˰ܰͷΪ׵һಶ죬ֻصĻ΢СֻһСнÿֻͣҪ˰˾˼顢˰ˡ
ˣÿҪļҲʵ̫࣬˾ƣÿ춼˾˰˾˰Ҳ̧ͦͷӣȫͬ
ѾõϢ˰˾ļԱ˰δʹĽ඼Ҷةץˡܰͷµǰಶ˵ζǵϾҪͷˣȻ˷ܲѡ
˰˾˰˵ΪҶةǵĶͷ˾֮⣬ͬʱҲһĪĻᣬᣬǴ˾
˰˾ļͷȫץˡЩУ˰δʹһְϷĹְġǼ˰ιһԶץߣǾлλˡ˵Ļǵĸ
˺ˣȥɡλһ£ŶһӼţˣ˰ǮһģǿãҲȥɣɽߣˣɵСЩ
˰ǲ̬࣬ҲúİЩӦ
㣬óһһ¿򿪣ˣ˰ذɡɴ˳ȥһӣм·;ͦõȵǱߵ̣˵˵ûһߣҪȻ·ٵģٺ١
Ǻǣллү㣬ôЩ·ǿǿ۵ġ
˵ǸӣĸݣݳƲֺźɫ£ͷë¿ҲʲôֵǮĶ˰ڰ֣ӱǣë¿߳˹ؿ
һߣĳܰͷµЩһ飬ű߶һɹ̫һгĥʱ䡣ȣǸнŵĿˣƹĺ񰡣
һп˸ոǣ¿߳ؿнſˣضԱ߼˵Ǽ˷׷Ťͷǣ¿ȥһЦ˵Ǻɣ˵е񡣡
ֻ˵˵δȥŵĴ̼֣ĿôᳵӡûУӸһҲޣһƾǼ·ˡ
˵񣬿ɻкܴģԵľǺ縳ףǰȴƲֺû룬˼䣬㳶ǽҪϵ¹ϣĸͷ˵Ļˡ

Ʒɴʮ䣬Ѻʯ誣䳵ϻ˺á߲񣬻֪صĵһӾʹˣȲãҪʰ
޿ɷϵ֤ʯ誾Ȼʸڷϡľ֮£βʯֲʲôĴ塢˫ĴӢۣ߹һٰӣȵӼʮָʱ߲סˡ
һУʯ誾͹ǺغˣˣүСˡˣ
ЦһƲԳԷƣ¼
ʯ誱һһѵؿʼľɵľǷ˽⣬ʱ뼸ͽϱߣ翸ᣬЯƻ׬ȡۣͷһǮſУ⡣
Լǰλ˾Ϊش֣͢ûǣΪأͳΣϵļҲսʱľĺһľӱһͳ
ʱҵľǢ̸˽ľڹ⿿׬̫Ǯ¿Ҳ󣬸ɴزپҵˣֻǰǷɽԽ롢翸ЩС⣬ԳΪڻ˰ٱֹһĲƲѩһѸ˺׸
ľ󣬶ҲĪʧ٣ԭһĳڱŻˡյĽ
ʯ誻Ƿ˽һһĵϵϼϻذڸţֻһεͰȫ¼򽻸ֺ̼壬ԭ
ľڵʱҪԽϼҺ¼ңֱȡϵҲԽôм价ڣ׬ȡĺôʮֹֻ뻹δʵʩڷˡ
ľ󣬳ϳнةة£ǷƷȴʼڳУԶԴ˲֪顣
ϸڹɵһϻءϳС˰˾У̹ᣬܵķ˽Żʵһ׮󰸡˰һ·ȥ֪Ҫڳ棬һ׮ĪĹѽǿּһƱȥֺ̼嵽


18 
ѭһӲ죬Ż֪ױǩƱҴҸϵסȴ˸աһдʱҪסںأﹺһסլһ檣ѭϵŷ֣˶ڣΨ˺˺壬ŷˡ
֪ص֪Ѿߣźץס壬ǲġչ١֪˻Ӱͼͨ£ͬʱͭʸ㱨ƻ󰸵ľɹͬʱͭʸԱɽ˾ѺԱ
ةǩѺԶƷɸҶС㱨˵Ѿӳϳкɽ˴˽һ˿ұ㳹ˡ뵽һֱϷŪڹ֮ϣԶ
ԶҶСةˣĳһ֮롣
ҶС뽲
ԶҧгݵصҪڣةи㣡
ҶСЦЦʵҪΪأǴһٻһ٣
ԶҧҶСҡͷ֣ܲذɣ˱ˣֺαرȴΪء֮Ҫ£ɲȥǸСˡ
ԶȻڻʲôҪ£
ҶСȻУںͳеļ¶ץˣϳû˶ۿҪɢˣּȻڳзӣѵһҲ⣿ڲѵ־ͲҼ˶ȥ
ԶȻһĶͷة˵ǣҺͿˣͻȥԶҴֻ߳ͷվҶС칰һҾصСֽðة˰ھл
ҶСԶȥıӰĿ΢΢˸ƺ˼ʲô飬ͨ¶ʱʲôֻϧ˽ϰߵ˲ࡣ
ԶһߣһԵԡȻӵǰ˷ܵضҶСүӢƵƯѽ
ҶСЦЦϧһ裬˺塣˵ҹȻֵǷ꣬ҲôȷץЩˣץһߣ˾⣬˽֮Դǻûв鵽ء
Եˣүӣֻ²Ǻ·ϱʡ˲ģǣ֮㣬һذ˵ġǺϽڣڳЩ£ǾĪı£͢мν
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ſһнƴǰǰн˷֮֮л·֮в󼸯֮һ׮׮һҶ˵ĿβϣҶǨıǮš
һ˵һ˽صҶةʱ̫̣ʵ̫ǳϸҲȻġҶСص
ԵҲܲ죬һҶةϣôŵϲ˵ɣ̹ϣӦǷĵ壬⳰ǳһѵⷬ˵͵Ҷةͷˣ
ϡͣϡͣҶСѸ˾ȵı飬Ե֪˳ȥ̺СҲῴü۸ߵͣæһȲ裬˳ȥ
ҶС£Ц΢΢ض˽ôпչ
Ȼһ̾ȻϷ򡭡ˣ
ҶС쾪ȵüңЦһֱϷҶˣЩΪȻģǡЩ⡣Ϸ򿴲µķ񣬿ıϷ򻹸ߡ
ϷܾãЩ£ϷģһõøáϷܾЩ뾭ѵѺؽһͿǣࡣԣϷǺŸɣ̨
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΢΢һЦǫѷɾͲˣҶС𣿺Ǻǣпı°Ϸ㿴ˣҶ˵־һССءȸȻ±ռѶ񲻿Ц
ҶС佱Ҷĳ޵ˡ
ҡҡͷԼظ£ϿҵصҶˣһθ֮šƾһٰγرضķ˽ͷˡְ취벻뵽ˣҲûǸȥհǰ˺һʵûʲôġ
վҶС칰˹֣ǵĲȥһߣԡȻ˾͹ͷԵ˽ʵүϼһʲôˣۺү´󹦣ưɣ
ҶСһȫеû¸ȥȥȥøʲôʲôȥ

غض꣬漰˰˾С̼֣ǣ浽ص˽󰸱ҶСһֽҿˣ˰ನҲƽϢ
˿ʯ誵֮ǵ֤ʣټĴ֤ڼµļҲ޷ʸڷˣ˰˾˷ͼСĿҲɿڡ
ǵй½ץ˲ˣͭʸϢȴ̫áɽ˾ر֪˵Ӵʹͼ˰˾ؼλõĿŷǱӣЯҾӵӰ٣Ƕˡ
Ҫ˵ܹõϢܵǿţҪ˵ǲԼˣҰѼҾҲˣߵĲŲæٸȻһ֪Щ˼ˡȻɽ˾ǣ浽˰ľ˰˾һˣֻ¶Ҳ޷ָ
һͷë¿ӳȹƵģһȥͲˡץߵ¼ҾͺѲʵǻһǾݸëhϴȱڣϣʵ
ȻˣҶС컹Ǳһϣԭίϸд£Ӹ֪صĴӡͭʸͭʸ֪ĺת̰ʹ˾̰ʹ˾ӸǵĴӡת̲
ҲëhҴҵ󣬸һ֮ززıǰëhȫ壬һҴȥѰɽʱ䶼ԣĺˡ
̲˹˾Ĺģ˰ëhץϧǷݹĻշתɽɽˮˮ֮ʱëhѵõϢѸߵĹϵȫͨˣû֤Ҳȫˡ
ëh˹֮ϣһҧûκΥ˽ƷҲû˽ƷԴЩıȥ飬ǶƷõġ
ë˵Ƿ˵ʲôˣʲôû˵ֻǿǲɵǮ࣬⣬Գ԰ʵҪʲô⣿Ȼǳ⡣˭˵ҪΥ֮ˣ̸£ܸ档˷˽Ǹʲôϵ
ϼСëhй̣긮ҭ˵ֻ￪͡ҶСߵ֪ϢҲֻһ̾Ϣ޿κΡ
ô˵˴󹦣֮ǰǧ˷ʱĹͣҶСĿβƶȻһϼѵĿǨ¡ְֻͰǨҶС˵Զˮʰ


19 
µķ׷ţ䶨ˡҶСܵ˾ļν뿼ΡհͷܰͷõһʹͣЩȱְλҲѸٲѡ
ֻ˰δʹְλѡûʵΪѡҪ֪ġ˰δʹҪ֪֪˽صϸΣҪɵطټ
ְλ֪ػƻ󰸼˵ҶСһ֮ƽ׵ôûٰеĵ˰δʹ¾䵽ҶСͷϡ
ΪˣҶܹϵЩ켸ҶżƽˣֱҶСһҲѾѡ֪ţ߶ŸƽϢҶС챨˭֣Ŀǰȴһܡ
鵽ҶСѡģ˷飬ȥ̽һѾɸģҶûʲô¡ûսģȻְλˣҲֻӵȴһ졣
˰δʹѡҶС˰˾˷ĿİţɻһְˡҲǻҶС֮һ潻ɡ
ҶСԴ˺⣬˰δʹģǾˡҲ⣬һݴ󹦣ͨĿ˷ҲֱӰ죬ٲ˰һռ֪ء
¶վޣһּҳǨȻǻ裬ھأץЩﷸҾǣﱯУѼһˡ
ԭ˰δʹĽļңЩһֱŽգÿ˵ʱ䣬ѿõ¼ӳšֱ죬ʮϵТס¼ңһĳ¼Ҳ˼
ھ˵ǳĽϼˣ׼ģĽ¶ĸֻܷعˡ¼ҵⴱӻͷҲҪϾĳھӿʼϵ
ҹԼǴѾ˯£ķ˵̣˶˯ˡһ԰ھȼţ¼ϵТ˯ŮԹǳǳۡ
һɫڵˣʵǳĽһõܣֵܻеȳĽСʮֻ꣬ǳڼũԭ򣬿ȳĽ໹Ҫࡣ
¼ʮǰոռ޵¼ʱСӺϤʱǸʮ߰꣬˵Цǳãü뵱ȱ仯ֻǲ࣬Ҳľګˡ
¼ӵ壬Ϊˣǳ¼СС˼ңô˰æ飬ûٻѰɣ
ִٵش֣ɩӣô˵ϾĽҪ磬ɽˮģЩôȥءǴĽгϢʮ˭Ľǳ¼ҳһٵˡĽ۳¼һӵ棬绹ܺ˲ɣӦõģⶼӦõġ
¼̾ϢһĵصǾͶлˣǾ͹ˡƸ˹һ·ϵĳסޣܹ˶٣ͷ˵һǮɩã˲ԣͲҪôҴշˡ
ɫЩΣľܾԼ׾ݵǰشӦ
徭ΨΪ˵ɷĲʣɥ»ҪģڳĽ󣬳¼Ӿڼã˺еʿķ¡
²κΪԹ¶ĸᣬΪ񼫣Ҳһ˰ˣοĽȻ̰ī˼ʹϵļãֻΪάϵ˺ܶ£ǶһЩСС̰Ϊ
£˭ͼԳ¼ҲƱصñǷеĲҲᰵģԹٸԳ¼ûʲôѣѳĽʬϴɾͷ˳¼ҡ
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Ľ̰ī·Ծģʵ˵̫లĻǴֻĬĬһ㣬һ¼һ𡢱㼴Ȼȥ
ԽЩ¼ӴδҲʶݵˣµԽǺأЩɥĿ֮ѾԶԶӦóķǮ
¼ӺЩһɷ಻岻ĹϵɷԾʵǱȫǣЩ˲Żһ˷ûԸǷ˵ծ
¼Ӹ֪ɷ̹׽Щ˶ҧδؾͻһõĽҲűø顣ѡһҪԭҪͺһıǮ
Ϊֻ֪Ҫˣֻ֪飬ԶҲûбҷĿܣЩˣһݶ»رϡ
ԣ¼ӶЩó˲ûʲôмɷģõõġ¼ӰЩǮŮıǮɷͺӵϣ
Ҳˣеõ˵һӦ֧ĻΪĽ๫Ǻƶģ˽صûˣһʱʵ𣬳¼ԳƵǼͽıڡ
¼ĵ̾˿Գ壬ҹɫˣǧĸʵҲˣЩȥ˯ɣǻø·ء
ȣȣ
վ׾׾صǡɩӣҲϢ
ͷЩ䡣ȻǶˣĴɷһ𣬾ǰ˺

ˡ
һ죬ʱһҪĽաΪΪԶʼǿζһѭĿʼǴ֮ա˺һֻڴڼļ桢ۻᡢףȻҲڶһ졣
ΪԴܴʢΣ񡣶һΪڡʵһҲҪжļ䣬ٹʵ۵ݳʺر໥Ͷףء
طٸȻҲҪףʽͬʱҪżһ죬ԱǻݺءҶСΪةȻسеػĲ߻ˡһ磬ȫعԱȫټãȺ֪شүףء
֪ЦݵؽڹԱף֮󣬱ȫԱϸѧʥٱ֪ҹдõļʣվףҡͷԵ
̨£հͷĿҶС죬ˣ´ʹӽշ鷵硣㿴ǲǡ
һ仰΢΢ҶС˲ӣҶˣǹ˽˽ûʲôʾĻδⲻ飬֮Ӧ˼һ¡
ҶС챾Щԥⷬͷѭȥһ˰ɣ¼ʲôҪæģ跽㡣
ѭӦһҪ뿪ֻסһصԪѭ˵÷ĳǣıɡ
ѭ쿴ҶСһۣҶСͷܵôɡ
ѭŽӹӣȻȥҶС˿ת̨ٴĻ֪أɫЩȻ΢΢һЦź˵ҶˣЩζô
ҶСͷҡҡͷһ̾һģǻһˣҲΪҶСҰ־һССأ̸ʲôȨ֮ԶҶСΪĹۣ˵ĹϵҲսˡ
ǺһЦһֹ˵ĿǶҶС찲οڹٳˣܶʱЩ㲻òȥ޹ڶԹֻɼҪȥһϰߡ


20 
֪صļдĻŽأԣ˽ͺͻѵվ±ߣ΢΢˫ۣҡͷβͻεģֻᣬ£ҶСȴ䶼ûȥֻ𣺡̫̫ĹŲֳֳ
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һ仰ʱӭѲ˾ǣĵ漴ڹԱһɢεΡ˳ĳ˳ҲС˦˫ȣҺֱ̫׾Ӿ¥
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ڹԱʿһãСʿάʿ𣬴ʿάԱСԱάԱƱյｻַǷͶġˮġоģ˵ϷҲǾʷ׳ʡ
ҶСкص㣬ߵ֪ǰʱҲֻԵؾһǵҶСǰȴͲܶһ˵仰ҶСļ䣬뿪ʱ⣬һɵģ
һĻкܲڣκֳֻܱǿȣϵЦȴǽЩӲˡ
ҶСԴ£ƾͲϹȻ˾ƣֻǳһ˼˼УԷȴҪһƶˣǼܲס˶࣬һ;ȻЩˡ
ҶСƲæʹݾװҪȥ㣬һٹ뿪㳤˿ٲѰ徲طѾơ
ƵĻƶվţŹٻǻ̺һҶةƸϽٲǰǱʵȨ̫׾ӵƵģܲϵλү
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ҶСͷʢƹĺ¥תһǽǣһңӿţϱ߿Կ쾮ˣΪŴ̵±ߵȴ׿¥żˡ
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΢΢۾һҶС죬ֱӣЦǺǣˣͲ֡ôҶҲӱ
ҶСҡͷЦһֻˣȴ˾һˣʵǲʤֻ֮󼪡
ҶС˵һ£Сһְ˹Ϲ۽ƴ̡ʢͷصλЪţʲôҪֻкһ
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ҶСȤҪȻȥ֪ش˽ΧΣ
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úúãλԵȣСȥȥʢƹĹЦһתʧſڣǳշʵӣ˽ý֣Ҳ̾Ϊֹˡ
һһϺõ͵ʢƹЦеˡ
ҶСЦո壬ҶĳɲǶְ
һ߰ӶһЦд裬дѣҶɲҪ̫ϷҲֻԣ㲻øһֻ̣ĥʱˡ
ҶСӣչЦǳɣ۾аһ¡ˣ룡

Ľɥ֮ǨͣţҪ뷵磬ȥȡѡһ¼Ҿæµ¼ӰҪعĶװãڳϣԺŶˣԿ׽һֵܣͷҪƺġ
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С󣬹餾ͣУͣķòߣ¼ԤµģʱʹؾͰ̧˳
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ѭ켱ϵˣȥ˳¼һˣֻţھһʣűСʹϺУ׷
ΪԶ¼ӲδУТ£ڳϣѭһлӾͣˣ¼Ƴһۣû˵ѭͷϵĺˮԳ¼ӵӽշѷ磬ҪЧ֮
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ѭ¼ӣһ·ȥ磬ٲˡһ⣬¡
¼û˵ֻؿһۣЩĺ˵߰ɣ
ӱ㻺Уֱѭѭε˵·ߣųӽнԶҡҡͷ̾˿

˰أÿŶӵȺ˰ȻһŴԶƬ֮󣬾ͼһƬչȻ뵽ʲôѿ˵ѽǳ´ʹӣ
ֻһ仰˰϶ʱྲæµ˰Ҳס֣ĬĬؿԶԶķѶ飬ÿԾһߣһ·
ǰ̶֧Ӹո˰ϣʻؿͣȻӣסѭ̶һ۵Ѯߣִһ£ɺصʲô˼ᰡ
Աһ˰̾˿ǳ´ʹѣ¼ҵ˷׻ء
̼֡һȻæһۣ鵽ߣ֣صһ˰̲סôүʶǳ´ʹ
ү̾ȴҲܹټô˵´ʹǼõһš
¼ۿΪδܸϽ³һ̼̾λǳ¼ӰɣϷĬ´ʹ֮Եһʵ˶̾Ϣѽ
¼ĵصлүҼ๫˵Ȧһ죬Ĭ˿¼ҵķ鳵ӣ̾ɴ˳ȥֱ¹һ·ֻ̡󲿷ֻܲУҪ߳ȥ̫ˡ̶ӵĳɣǽУǵ¹򣬴ٸǰ̡
¼ֵһϲ⣬æллүллү
¼СһۣҲˣүˡ
ԹüˣǰΪ壬үȴ֣֮ͣллǾԺƬ̣ϷĳˣǱһͬС
̫׾ɫˣ쾮˵ҶСżҲһյơ˵²ģһ彥ɱβΣƶҶС켫ΪòǶĨŲˮɿһ㶢΢ЦҶˣ壬òϷ򡭡Ӯѽ


21 Ѻ
ҶСĻҲ̧ͷ⿴һۣһ˼ģǰѾʱˣһ˳ĻôӮˡ
պس鴤£иոһöЩϣһ߬סӣ̧ͷҶС죬ЦЦصʲôһ˳ĪҶ˻ʲôɱﵲɣ
ҶСͷ̣·˼ξطſڴҹץ˳Ľ࣬ˣô֪ҹץ˭ôΪʲôֻΪھ
ҶСҡҡͷֵںһլǸѾУô֮ˡðɣɴ߲Сڣ;лΰ׹³أҲʲôǣȻΪ˱Ů˺ͺӶҪˣ˲̵ֻˣȻ˲Щˡ
ҶС̧ͷ΢ЦſһۣصѾ¶ˣʲô˲ǣ˲ǣĳЩδ¶ˣҪǸˣֻߡʾӵˣⶣҪǣ˵˲ٵ˵ǲǣ
оɫһţЦЦźŶû뵽Ҷ˻ķ֣
ҶС֪شǺûбץġҵǶ죬ղͷ˼䣬֪鷿ĻһչĻҽһҳһҳδȼ˲
ҶС˵ţһƬȥ룬ԵڵֽƬָһɣֽƬתȦ̡
ҶСҶСʲô¶ϲ˼顣ʯ誵Ľ֪ϳн˽ǽԭģҾͶ˸ۣ˳ֲ˲ʲôʱںصġ
ҷֺǽųֵģǳϳлϳеǸ˭أʣ֣ں֮ǰͬϳнƵľУǵĶңĬ
һڣĿâȻһ
ҶСһУɲˣǺػûʱк룬λ˾үңʱоǺصˡһЩ¶ҶĳͲˡ
Ц΢΢ģƷ·ü⵶Կ̳Ƶģ쳣˫΢΢ţ۷¶ĿɭŶҶʲô׵أ
ҶСҾ֣ǰأôûһɽأģиٵڱӦҲοȻľϵУܿЩɸ˵ܣͲг⣿
΢ЦҶ˴Բӣô֪оûпɽȻǸľģҪҿɽȻΨⲻǺ𣿡
ҶС˵ͷȷΨмûͶ첮ģҲûͶҲûǹŶƺ˼ע⵽Ƶģ͵Ѿٵ͵ˣЩˡ
̲סЦҶˣҲ̫˰ɡ
ҶСЦصʲôãһΨܲ˾Զɡɾһҵģǡǡǲϵ˾ܲ
ȻôҶ˴еĲĵЩʲôأ
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22 һ
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˵գϣľŵĵؿ̽Żү
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24 ټһѷ
ѭ쿴ҶСһۣҶСʹɫѭϽ׷˳ȥۿ߳ȥЩãȻضҶСҶˣӦΣ
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ƨߣһߡЦЦٲĺ棬ҲδƱܣҲ졣
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Ŀɿڴͼֱһһţ漴зڵѾӳںĬؿ͸룬Ա¶ߵѪķС
˦䣬ͥŲһƮȻǰȥ˲ʧڣηиϵۼһĻֱ۾ҵĸԹԣز¶ĸţ


25 ɽתˮת
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ԼһͣϽϿڣүү
ݱǸң˯ͦʵǽ챻ҶСڵӶɢˣʱ¶ѣ˼ɤӣ˯ڲѾʣ˭ѽ
Ͻصңٸˣʮ𼱵Ĵ£Ҫүء
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СѾӦһſߵţŰҶС컽ѣϲδҶСŻ谵ĵƹһʣ֪ǹٸˣʱһô£³ʲô⡣
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ҶСǰԺͼձǰվһۣ¹һʱҲδģѼǰҶСʩ񣬻̼صˣСǴοأд˽ˣ
ҶСһɴһʱ֮ҶСѳںشΡѱǲ㲼ƻͨҶСһԺȻߣ߱
ҶС˼ˣ
ԵûˣԺѲˣͷˣѲˣһˣǱڵأֻͷʺ˵ˣ˵ѣѲߵؿࡣ
ţ
ҶС춸ȻվסŲŤͷһۣУʵ˭ˣ
ȻɬȻ˭ҲûȣںĬɱˣ
ҶС춸Ȼֶס˽Ų
ηſڵǽϣѭһԾŻѣֱؿǽϵͼβѭ죺ѭ죬ʲô
ѭӦûһѷӡ
ɫѿˣӣһѷ䣿ѵǡ
ѭֻ°˾ŲʮˣҷѶзˣ˵޸Ķˣһҵ˵ָ֣ںĬǱɱڵġ
ص֣Ȼһ书Ϊβӣݱ
ʵѾˣ뵽ԼݺƹĪĴһѷȻͬùأ˽ﹴĶǱ˴˲̨ܺö˶˵ػɻһս
ҶС߹һŲǽϿæҲſȥһǽͼɫʱҲüΪѿҶСؿ˰ΣͻȻŤͷѭʵղͷȥ̽
ѭܲͷȥˣϢء
δˣԶһԣܰͷһȺȫװĲܻˣүүҵ˲֪ʱߵһɶֵǣǼҵȴǵˡ
Ȼ򣬵ˣⱻΪ˸ߵʱ䡣
ҶСҲ֪˵ЩʲôͼǰصͷˣС˲ûܿסҵˣ˼ҵĵһѣ͡ͷֱˣһ˶û
ǱҶСȥҵ죬ҶС̾˿ǵļûסûסɣܻѾǽ֮ˣһѷ֣û˻ء
类ҶСһѣ˫һģȻ˷ܵص԰һѷǸϾɱȴĴ󷢣񲻹գǲһѷ䣬һǹһѷıǣ;
ҶСֵؿһۣĵѾˣ㲻һѷɵģʲô˷ܸʲô
ȴ룺һѷͺãصȺĺĽǲ·ղǵͷŹ֡

ӵ˴䶯ĽΪ˰δʹ˻¸ˮΪ˽ṩ㣬ֻ̰ͨΪһǷ˽ˣȻٸΪһλΪڻ˽֮ã󻹱ɹԽˡ
һֱͱʢʵǰۿҪˣʳһ´գǶڳﱸ꣬ǡʱӱݵʵǰʱմŭ
ʵɫͨ£Ҫ׷ټΪٵˣǲȥºȻûģʵҲ׷ʴˣ·ʹҲûƵġ
˵ֻǾ˵ƽϢ˾֮˲űƸ¼ãΪһ˰ǣ浽˵һƽҹϸˣֻιһH
ʵ۸ոհ⵹žĹϵͳϴƣ󶯸ɸٶ佫ϵͳ֡˻ʵֻһּ⣬ϾѡɹԱؽְ֮¾Ͳ֮ˡ
Ͼǣй˴ϣԭ֪ذɥԹеǧҪңСܲȥְɽˮաıء׶⺷
вͷصѽɵˣھְһӾٸԭְǲǴɵô㵱˵˻ţʱҲҪǣۡ
ԭ֪ذҶС쵽Ͼٹٵĵ죬˵Ŀ׽ŪûƷɺëǼ¹ڣñֻЫӵĵùٶ
ʱڹǰ˴󣬹ȻҶСȥ̲ҲĲ˲ȻǸԶֻԿΪأΪ˻˾ĺۣùηǣ£֮Ҳ֣һζձ˰һŭְ֮
ְְΪ¡ְΪǡݶ˹Աʸ񣬱ƽͷϰգûˣеĹԱȨҲûˣȥĸķҲҪһȥ
ְǡڴסԱְλûˣԱݺƷڡĽ֪صĲʹûˣƷ٣ǹôþͳ˿ܣǡˡʱ
ǡˡй˴㵱Ȼ׽㣬Ǽҵ׺ú÷ѯһǼһЩ˵Ļ˴ȷʵǰߴð˴̹˾תʮôһ㡣
԰֪ϵϵ˺ףԶף߶Ľ˴ǸͷˣĥŰ𸴡
ֻϾְ뾩ϾʱȨأûʲôֱ׳ɣĸĿŵظһְλ
ǡþ˹ģϾѡɹԱȥһôһԵ⡣رϷأͬնûԸȥô򷢰ȥƷһְ
ֻҪأûйҲпͣʱٸԭְѡϵĸԣ񲻴˭ȴ֪ô˴ŭûԸȥôְûУɺ򲹹ٶȥĶأ³Կ࣬Ҿѡˡ
ҲȰǰܣ˵ȥй޹ؾ͵ʱ˳عٸԭְˣ㻹ʲô᲻ףֲ֪²𸴵һˡ
˶ţֻ˵ʵɥСҲ³Կ࣬ʵڽʱҲṵ̂ûռûֻҹעؿΣ̫ա³ԿҲ£ֻǡֻ治ȥ
˴ŭȲ³Կ࣬кβȥģ̶ֲѨ
صͷ򣬺̶ѨҲˣǶˮá
˴һ㶣Ȼطˮã˭˵ģûȥأô֪Ƕˮã
һصѵˣҶСǶةأҶСڵĵطˮ׼òˣ


26 Զ
ķ裬ûʵҶС죿ҶС·ɣ
ҶСǸðǹ٣ҹñвһֻЫӣصԴôһǸˡ
бˣŶ˵ľǸһվ̲񲿵ǸҶļһ͹ү˺ôһǲǣ
һĴȵ԰üԣ
леҶСˣһѲ˴ԭˣںְģôˣΪʲôںأˮͲˣ
Դ˵ȥأҾϤε˴һǺ֮ڻةͷһةˣ˵ʱҶС컹ûصأɵ˶˵ةϡ
еŰΪУȻ˽ϽڹԱϲǨתة֮Ƚرﱻɱģɱ־ȻײǽˣʵеаԣǵĺֻһʱûϺţһ˵
ڶة첮ģ첮ҲûõĶȥ˵ûεʱ򣬾ͱҶСιأò˹٣˺أҶСĶͷ˾һܸü˰ɣ
˾ȴҶСѹ۸أҲҶСˣø˼ĵ³ĺ黹ĵأҲ֪ӵĶȥˣһǱؼˡ
з˷۶˵
㻹ôҶС̫Ӳţר˵ٵģ˵Ҫȥˡ
ЦˣŶԭˣֻɺϰˣ㵱Ǿ̫ˡô꣬ʲôûм˵ɽ֯Ⱦֵľʹɣ껻Σÿһεǰζû³Ūһξʹսս˵Ҳ˷ģҲǷˮãң˵׾һ̰֣ô˵
üص򣬿ɲֻô˵ںز˶ô˵Ҫ˵̰ة̰ˣ첮Ĳ̰ţ̰̰ḛ̈в̰İѱǶˡ
ˣ˵ɽ֯Ⱦ־ʹ̳µ¶Ҳ˵ĸһǱ˾˲ģڶǱʷģǱξٱģǱ˾ٱģɺةҶСһ˵ϣҶС컹ǵ£˵ааԡ
Цеص˺ˣר˾ȥǵһƷµġ
ɥ£һΪʲôܰȥô
ſڽ࣬
ǰҲϣֻ˾Ǵ˭˭
ҡҡͷ˵ţǶʥˣôЩĶҿҶСӦǸĻˣû´Ļ˵⼸Աϵôɣ
룬ָͷةغǿľཻĪ棬ľָʹŹҶСˣг첮ġû֮ǰͺҶС콻ˣϵȷôǸةǱΪ飬ŸةüȥȻҲҶСĶͷ
ЦⲻͽҾ˵ôĹŹ֪֡غջǰɣҲϴۿˣ͵õⲻö˶˵һֱûΪʲôĸ֣ΪƣϵѽȻȥذͷģй޹ǽԣΪƣƽ£
һ룬ȭһȻʵ԰ⷬԣСܼˣ

գ䡣
ةվǰü͹ĿִǺһһдơ֣ԱԼٿ֣ʱһ죬Ѿдõˣʵûõطӡ
ةһض԰ȣ֣㿴ô
ةͰʶһ˵ǾĽةĴһ֡ةΪҴˣȷϣ˵ȫȷʵġ
ʱةеգ뵱ڸѧʱǹϵ̫ôһֱҲûʲô˾Ȼ˵Ľ鷨ⲻϷŪôǵóһ־ȻʮӣةͶˡ
ֳ󲻳óȥǺ֣ҲǸ׳գֻԼءǣӲͷƤд
վԱߣһ֣Ǿ΢΢һƲҪ˵ȻǸԶɲѧеģƾһϾеı˽Ҳһһص֪أة⼸Ȼۡ
ةһʣȴϰһģüɫ޵ãѽ׹ʯƣ𣬸緢ݺ󣬵Ͱ־ⰻȻãʵǺã
ة⣬ΪԼǵ鷨ˡةЦеصֿ佱ˣĳʵҲˣúã
ǵȻ֣ɲܷѽһ·ڰջȥƵģװֵԪˡһϣϽͰǷС
ةһʯͷ˵أ̲ס԰ʵ֣֣ΪֻҪΪơأм仹Ӧиְɣ֪ιףةţﻹеźֻһƲһ¶ǿʮĽ˰
ЦеصǸֲдҰѺ֮󣬱ҵڣÿһ۾ܿȻǸհ׵ĵطӦʲô֣Ǻǣѽдֽϣã
ة׵ţΪƣҪ˼ее
ĵǸǲдġֻҪѡҶС졯ּƾˣаҲẦҰɣֲɷǣû˵Լ˺ѵģ٣ٺ١
ةȻ֮ȴ֪ҪδΣ
ةǰֻΪǸӹŲ·ıʱ֪Ҫٵġ
СҪȥݺ٣ôô
ةȻ򣬡ʲô鷨ԭ˼бȥ٣ӦҪҶ͵ͬù˰ɣ˶Ϊ˰ͽҶ͵ܡֻΪҪҶ͵ܵ·Ѱ֪ص·Ǹãš˿Ҷ͵ںһǿơ
ةԽתѾŪ˼ҵ⣬Ȼ˼ҵĺ񣬵ȻرةЦеصĳںصиĺѡǺǣ֣뵽в裬˵
۾ЦñҪСãã룡


27 ʹѡ
ةһ裬Щʲôû֪ߵʱةһīĸ֡ةӣɼһ˽Ƿǳġ
ļ죬Щ׼ЩˣȵġȻֱ̣ˡ
иУһհڵ˺أΪӷ硣ҶСֻе죬һʱҲû˭ǰᣬ˵ԼҶСŻȻ
ҶСû뵽׽Ūһ˱ǡǡɵΪ٣֮ιڣλĹϵ׽ˣ˵һΪеġ
뵽ҶСƵúܣҲ밡κŪˣյؾ͸ةˣ֮첮ġϵôԶЩϧةСҶĹϵҲκѲ˾Ҳ͵طǹ¼ҹˡ
ɫƣ㷲ֻҶС컹гɼֻǽӷϲ̸ģȴһ㡣
ЯҾģڳһҪأ츣һļơסüˣⶼҪʱ䣬Ի֪غʱ䣬֮ʽΡ
ڶż˵İòȥᣬȴʹɽȻȥݷҶةˡ׵ǣŸյأûȥʮֲִﾹϾʱͱõġ
ͷһϾ͵ҶģһҶСǩѺкڼˣʱյĵλżһĲãȻҲ֪ү١
ôȻɽ˭Ҫ˵עţҶλáֻҪɽǾĿԼϾ˴յ֪ǰϢ
ûʲôӦȴΪáһͬΪӷ磬Լ⣬ϣλվԼһߣȴȲȥݷҶС죬ʲô˼Ҷةô
粻ǲãصΣСôȻѡҶСѣҶС챾ͱ̫үƴа֧֣Ӷľ֧ʱܿҪةة¡
˵ҶСڲûбֳܿӡٵ̬ȣ粢ΪȻѱⲻҶСʲ󡣶ңҶСûҰģҲûУҶСŶͣôû׷
οϵ̸ǻ˽δˡҶСĶ޺ҲǾŹҶСġ֪ϢҪԸҶСľġ
첮ĺˣԼǸʹҶСѾûüֵҵþ취֮죬β󲻵ľˣ
ߵ⡣˿ڲ裬һۡ뿴ЩʲôϢ˵ʵۡѾǰľˡ
⡰ۡ˵ǹŴıֽںʱʵпƣھǳۡ˳פڰѻʵ۵ּگ顢ŵȹٷ͹͢¼ظ
ϸƶȴһֱʺҲٱ仯ڲ˻ӡˢټרԳ¼ۡΪҵˣط뿴ۡ͸ˡ
ݱϾشƫԶټϵ·УԱĵطĹԱܿԿһǰۡ˻֪µۡҲǰˡ
ϰԵ˼ţٿЩȻ﷦ζֵȻĹϢȻиС˵½˼ݹĽ
ʶǩˣȥǷй˰δʹĹҶС쾿˭Ϊ˰δʹҲЩ棬ʱѹ򿪣һ΢΢һ㶡
ƴϣôƴϣƴϲĸô
Щɣˣɫʱһ䡣ƴ˭֮ǰĿ첮ѽ첮ĵ˲ŸѵƴϾҶС찲һڶͷߵڼ飿
ҶС첻Ǵʱټƴϣ绹ƴΪأ뵽粻ɰ¡֮࣬ЩϲҶСʱټƴϣ˵ΪûĶͷһģôʤ㡭
뵽һϲԼǩѺ˾Ͼתݸ΢ЦŷԸȥ͸ɣͬʱƴϣձ㸰˰˾
ƴϱΪ˰δʹϢѸٴȫã֪ҶةѡȻƴϡ첻˾ֻһѰ˼ƴһݵĽɫұһֱˣҶةԶ۹ĳǸ˸ǻη
ϢܿҲ˺լһӤ·šһ·ʧֵ䡣һֱΪƴõڼ飬û뵽ƴϾһ˫ϼϸ
ԼԴΪʱҹҵҶСǢ̸ʱ飬ղʤ׾յʱһĨĺΣԭԼһֱϷŪڹ֮ϡ
ߺ޽ӵС

磡
̸ҶСش˸磬ϹеʺѽۿתˣҶǧҪעѽ£ϵڴһɱմȾ˷纮
ҶС챻ƨĵе㲻ڣӣ԰ȣ޷ģͰˡ
ЦеصãҪ˵ĳةǿǶˣĳõҪ֮ǰ˵ĳ𸴣׷׵ŵأϯ䣬ĳ˵ҪְȥةЦ˵ҶˣཻĪѡĳ֪
˺ҶңҶС֮󣬱һʹļ׵Ҽ֡˵ְ֮һ£ة˷ѵʱ򣬲֪飬ŭǻ
ʡͬʶִлƶġʱؿɽշݶݵط̯ɵȥһЩ⡣仰˵ֻһŵƽطȨһĸµ
⽭ة˵ļʱոֵʵ飬һζϸ濱գʵǺͰߵһ·ӣͨ۲۵ִ˾ӮΪǨ
пǧ˵ҶةһֻЫܹⳡ٣˻˰ֳľˣҶةҶҶ˸ж¡
ҶС첢Ƿķôһ׮Ϊ飬չɫʵڿα˼ҰΪֻͰ뼶ƷȱߣʵҲûɶ˱ϥҲ֮ˡ
ΪˣҶСòѯһ°һģةǺѡҶСڽסʱΪܼʱ˽⾩еةĽύɺѣϵһ㣬ҶةͰ߹հƵľȻѣҲǲʶˡ


28 鳦
Ŷ㻹ʶ֣
ҶС˵Щ⡣
Ȼ򽻵һЩЩϷУҶСϲľֱˬΪ˴Щ³çǱ˹ӸɣҶС컹Ǹϲ
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Цеģа룬ǲ֪ҴةǶȥ֮󣬿˶ٸᣬԸԳغٻѰҲλ°ٻΪĺýѣŹǵѹָˡ
һˣ˵ҪΣϵܻرʺãͬʱмҪ㽻һ£ϣܸŶҸյأҪд鱨ƽѻӻȥ
ŶҶСɫһʲôҪ
ҶٻһλŮӣô
ҶСͷһǣʲô£
ֵûг£ֻǡ
ҶС˿ûг¾ͺá״ˣʲôֱ˵ˡ
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ҶСͷ¶Ѿ˵ˡֵַһ£ϵȴЩ֪δˣ˳һ㡣
ҶСüͷһ壬ϵ£
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ҶСüʵǼɧѦ
ЦɧžͺˣϵһȭŰ򽫳ȥκĽѦһֱѦ⣬ƺҲ
ҶСᡰһлȻˮĹϵۼ׷ˮ裬ˮҲЩ⶯Բ֪δˡ
ҶС׷ˮ裬ˮҲ˲⣬кܲϸһ룬ȴ̹Ȼˡ뾩꣬Сһֱڳɳӷͬı֣ȴвһɡ
ʱҲ룬ǰִִֵţӦӦãʱһ£Ƶôǲܹı磿֤Լӵи֮󣬱ڵݣȥ׷ǷЩ
а͹ˣ¶е˵뷨ЩѾ̫ĸĸô룬صĿ϶Ҳƶް°аҸһ
ȥΣŮˣЩķ²⣬ˮˮ˼ǵ۴ʥΨһ
վȫ˹ȥˣˣʱգӵֵ䰮ŮҪʲôأѵΪĶ飬ʸҪ
ҶСΣ³һ΢ЦؿŰ˵֣ת֣˵ȥɣ
仰˵ҶСкࡣĸоȥҲû˸飬ֻΪоĲͬǸҲ˲ֻͬããһ׮¡

լͥԺƷڶԹԣңһֻ۾ǰһôɿָңǹ״̬Ƿﵽ״̬
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һǳɫȹһϸӵıȼףĵȣ޳ںڵ㷢˿˿ϲһ֦Ȼۣʽȴӡ
ӳϸļϣٷĹ⣬΢¶ϸšʱǰ¡ⷢͻʹźѣƷҲܸо̲ص
Ծرֻŵ۾Ȼôһ̣걥ܳĸоˣ˫ֱۣǽԲʵصǰ˫壬ʧط˫ʱ们ǴԲͦ
һĵٸһеɱģƷɸ޷ܡδķʱֻһͰ׵Ľ㣬ʶһ˵ŮӣͲ԰ˡ
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Ʒһˡһ˹ңûдƷЩŭëʲôһ
ëԴʵֵܣֻ۾ô
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ëǺٺٵЦˣ˵ֵܣŪˣֲɵٺ٣٣
ƷɱЦһ飬ʵЦʲô
ëǴסƷɵļ򣬰һԣʯ£˵ϵܣϲǰɣ
Ʒɵڵһ¾ͺˣŵʧص㡭ɱҪȥˣ
ȣ££ĶţⷸɵëѾԽԽˣôȥð˭ܿˡ
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ëԵõصҪ̰ϵܰϸ簳ô˼Եľ顭
Ʒɲŵص㣿㻹켣ԣ
ëǿšǵ꣬⼸갳һֱڶ״ô˵ϸ簳켣Ե飬ԸŮţֻһӣ
ëǲ絶ºݺһУĭɵصܹɣŮɣײˣСë²ΰ˼͸ˣͲһķӣ߳ꡭɶ췹
ƷֻܾӣʧʲôǿŮˣʹã
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ƷźףɺصôȢҪ˵Ȣңʲô
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ƷһãȻ⡭ҲУ
ëͦظУ뵱ͷϱǣ˵ҶСӣǱôֵء
˵ϲƷ⼱ͶҽĿеħˡ


29 ̨ϴǧ
﻽סһѾԸܼңҼ˰һһ£Ҫȼ֮Ųߡ
ܺ棺ȼ֮ʲôѽ
Цү˵ˣǼ˿٣ʱɱˣҪúһ¡ʮִֶ˺ܶ𡣡
СѾϲɸɴشӦһǰլȥ
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԰黹¶ģȴֲ֪αʱë䵱İ鵼ʦȻƣɻƷȴ棬ħͷһ
ȻϢȻعԾԾԵĻƷɴһϽȷˣһģҪҪҪ̨
էƷɣЩ⣬仰ݸһЦǼұɽϣٴ̨˴ţȻؽԼѽ
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ʩڻƷﱾͱŴһЦڻƷֱ̫һŵҲˣҲˣҲˣѹȴѲ֪ȥ

УվסŲ΢΢ͷһԵСͤõҼյʵƣúֺСͤšҲùҼյƣ⾳Ȼ

Ʒﲻëǵ׼׽СƵȻǣûзһϢȴƾֱе˽ӽȻһͷйĻƷɶʱŵûɢ
ﾪŴ۾ͼƷɱһϻ񣬰ֵظţϲصãõĹš񡢺񰡡
Ʒӣ̾͵͵һؿͼȵӰѾԶˣƮһƬƲʡƷɺ޺޵ϴһȭ㵨ôôСôôС

լ԰ңң˷ܵȻţĿˣ޶һֻСܻأһͰֻСˡһǸ޶ҵĻ飬޶ǲҪˣ
޶𣬱ңңߣֶնյӣһ˫èۇؿ˵ʲô΢ЦҲɣ޶С˰ɣҵء
ңң޶ĴԴյصǣһ¶ͰĻˣôأ
Цģֻ޶ϲǸ޶һġ
޶ҲôҿųأڰĻƷɰпһƷжɷһֻ磡ҪжһŮӣҡ
ʱңңѾֵŸ޶ȥɽԼ棬ҵİ⣬Ÿ޶߸˵߿ˡһͿƷ߬ȭͷҧгݵسһǽдʡ
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ţãƷɣа취
ȻͬƷܳȥѣ˵ͷߣߵķȴլƷһߣһ룺ˣëУһȥɣ
￴ŻƷɵıӰ΢΢üֵƷְôˣ

ٽأٸҲҶС͵˸ûȥãͱңңˡ
ңңոѧһġˡĹ٣֪ɨصȫλСˡңңմӶǶһӵöƿƿ޹ȫˣʱæŰЩӡ
һС簲£ִӱ̫ĴңңŪҶСҲȻңңҲΣӡ
ҡͷԣƷɱƷɵңңӣҶС켸Ļŭŵȥ֪ǰ£òײŰ¶
ʱڣνʵڲҶСֻһĿɿڴ˰ΣЦƷɰʵǸɧϲңңëѾͷҶϣ벻㾹
ҶСбӻƷɣȴ֪ЩʲôƷǱҶСһЦŪ缦ڣٱҶС첻һƤճɫۿҪѪˡ
ҶСֹ֪ۣסЦסֵܣأһ룬ǧ򼱲ãԸ˵Ůӣ򲻴Һıһϲˮ˼ҵȥ

ٽأõˣͱȽеĻ֪ظмˣʶһʱȥչۿĶƤһ¡ǽԽصĶƤ֪Ļŭš
Ѱ˺Ӷϲ񣬸οӲõĻ磬ȫĵͶ뵽ͺϣֻҪһʱȢȢͣȢȢɫȻδᰡټĸӹ֪ܵصĳ谮ҲӦ֮塣
˼ү谮ңȻҲͶЩͽᡣĿҲֻϣү̺ڣЩʹͣ͵أỹǺܴģҷǶҲû˸ҵˡ
ҾңСܳ谮Ҳܶҵλӣ檲ܷǹߣҲŷȣҵĲܻ谮һҪΡ˵ף˽Ů˵ȻȨ䡣
ֻ˶Ϊ˵ԺΪ˵ĳ谮ȴ֪֮⻹һԭ򣺻ȻΪҶС˽ҪҶСͼıȻҪŷˣֻѡ﷽Űȫ
ŮУͻȽϿ˯֪ү´һʱѾ˯ȥ֪ر㵽鷿֮У˼ԸҶСİ취۾ĬĬ˼š
ҪԸһԱʦҶСһƷԸñиֵɣܵõ˾ϿɣҪһԸҶС̸ס
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һŻ飬Χ˽ӾصˡҲΪӵ׸ĺԼƻǱ·ʮķ˽Żһ׮׮һٲҶСĹ͡
ЩϴëãҲûа취磬һ˵ҶС̰ī°񵽵Ĵʲƻɹˣ飬˵կ߶У͢طϮ֮رеĹϵ͢ḻ뾯衭
Ҳз˹ͣһҶС죬ҲͷԼǰʯͷԼĽš֮⣬ԴӴ巽֣Ҳ˵һֱɱȴӹҲѡ
㣾йһ¶漰壬αŵҶСϣҲƳ֤ⷽݰǺ򱳣ҶةֽţҵõȥִС
ֻ֮˽ϴˣ˽ҲǶԸԱĺð취е½񱣬˽пֹǶһ׿ˣ˽£͵۰óţ˺С
ҶСں죬ҶС˺Ĺ󣬳ǵҶС˯šͷֻһ֣ϾͱˣƤΪȫµĴЦ
ԽԽͷʹֻҷ´£˳һۡ뻻ӡչۡϰԵػȿšȻһϢסˡϸһ飬֪ص۾ҵ취ˣ


30 ĥһ
ۡϿϢ˵һ򻨱ţҲֻʱۡȺĹٷֽϲǻߵţʵǹٳ£ֻԱȽϷɵĿǵ
ʵǰϢʵǾˣ˵踮֪ͬΪԾƱΪɢٵ顣λּȷǳԻƣҲǺ˾ƸɳʲôϲñʱСۣСü
ǣλֺȵǹơνƣ졢ƽձڹٿľơŵĹٿﶼйƣרԱΡεĹԱõعԱѺãڿԱҲǿԵġ
һ֮ر𣬾һֻ֣ڹ£ڿԱҲǹ£ˡˣԷĹƣ˽˵ģҪջعٿ⣬ãǾͷˡԱ·ʣյܾʹ˵˽һ
ʵ񲻱ȿʱ򣬹ټѾи࣬ʵˣЩ涨ûȡ˰̨潲ôЩѾõĹػҪõġ
λ踮֪ͬүڿԱʮƿƺûͽٿ⣬ԼȵˡѲʷ͸ոΣ뾾ϸϾʹ鵯ˡ
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ȴݵ¾Ȼ׼ˣλʵȨ֪ͬ˾ʹ˱ȥʹһйְɢ١˵ȤλʷֻΪԼġܽᡱյϣ浹ˣϢһŪλʷ˺òΣ˵ʷǾٹٵģôС¶Ҫڵطϻô죬񲻱йԱ룬Ū᣿ʷ޷أֻƽǣʱȻȵľ˽ơ
ȹС𣿱ǣСƲΪԳɴ壿ԹԱ˽ʵΪصģڽ֮ǿεĴ
γʱλ߹Щ칫ùķֽǮͣΪķֽǹҵģӦǹƣ˽þǡԵչ٣ЩȾƵĹԱʮˣҲٸϳ˾ǣɼ֮ء
ֻκһķչⲻһͬĹɣʱ߾Ӷ࣬ɷҲϣչʢʱȻ̰ټҲΪ֮иȵĩǾƵԣֲ˼֮󶼳˳̬ľˡ
һҵʰ֣ȡĳؽȻٴظһֻءȻ绹ᣬⲻɣҲһˡ
ȻټԶ翪ʱȹʵ㲻ʲô£㱻˰̨˵£ѵһ߷ٺ»оʹ˰ְġ³֪ϸϸ˼һ󣬾Ȼе
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׸ְȨ޽ڲٵذΪ״Ԫ̰޶¸ûķ﷪գּˣͱʹ飬¡Ｚگȫ¼ŵõˡ׸Լ檳ȺϽŮ
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һλ֪ͬү¶ɱҪƷҶСССةʲô˷ܵҵҶСͻƿˣ뵽ҶСɲǸ룬ҪëԼƨɸɲɾأ
һ飬룬ȥѭѭ˵ЩɺԴӻŷˣվ֮ĹϵһֱȽϽţĪ̫߳ˣ
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ѭûطʵÿ¶ȡ߶ٶӣȴҶĳǷ͹رˡǴĶģ
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һȻص˵ΪȻܲǱ֮ƣΪǴӼжȨԱЧ͢Ϊһ˽ҼãҲʥ飬߿ƾٴѵҪԲ֮ƣͼһôԣ˽ĳΣ֮κιϸ𡣡
ѭ޿κΣֻôӦ룬ʵŹһ£ʲô󻼰ɣ
ѭֻһСëַˣûشҶ˰æʹĸɸɾʲô󻼣ƽϢǻ˼Ҳû˳ֹν񲻾٣ٲܳʲôӡ
һֵ˾ͺãҲΪ룬°ɣţһҪ˽ĳۼ֮κιϸ֮󣬼ǵøһ
ѭƵشӦһȻ˳ȥ縧밵룬ֲȫҶСһֲٰ죬ٵҲܰѴ£ȫδ֣Ѳ֪ԼӸϵȻᶼġ
˴Լȼ֮ԵãƿŻԶԶбڵζȻǱҲǴпο
ĳأǵͷˣˣͷûˣֻҪٸɵҶС죬ҲȫҪһĳͷϣߵڽѡ֮ʱûȥ
ǰأҲҰĲľةһսة⣬ľǿļıһһܣУͷձ˷۱³
ĥһ˽ٶȴ֪⽣Ҳ֪Լȴʮģ˥ĳ˵ùôãҲ÷̩˰ɡ


31 ϲ
ڶϦ֮ҹ߾ɽϵҶةس֮ڻɽסİ˼ңĿɿҹɽһƬѤʣᾡȫ
ҶСֻҪĳﱸĪøԵˣȴ֪Ȼ׼֮ҶСվͥԺۼСʻŭţ·Դգ쳣ҡҡͷܵصˣˣɲ˼ҵķҲô
˵գȴͻüɫ裬ëһͷ²سȥСеصҰա
ЦһԿţƷɰѲΣشǰȥˣҸԸһȼ˱һӿ
Ȼҡͷ˼Ǹ˼ңͲˣȥɡ
ƷҶСĻװЦϦ֮ҹٳǽԻֻͼһֺǣαн
Ʒһ²СѾͷһ֣ϲ̵رǰܡ
ﱻסԼ֣΢΢һŤͷȥƷɣĹҫ£ƷĿ⾼ȻһȸԾƺȫȤϣȻƷȻڣȴǸӣŮԼˡ
Ʒһа˽˳סС֣ͷȴǼĪС飬޹ǣֻһգɫڻˡ
Ʒԭ˦֣Թǰжʱϲ̵ķӹȻãÿ˰ɡ
ƷϵǴѾڷźõԣطſ֣ҩһݸɫ
Ҳ֪жûзŹˣӼ𣬾ͱԸ¸иһĽѵţѵһ̣ҲλҶˣϲû誵Ĺء
Ҳ£ͷСĵشսҩƷɵݸɫ۲ӯӯһˣڻƷУһ۶ɲǵķ飬˼ĻƷУȻĶٿϸɲǷ飬ҹжŵһɲ˫ۣȥʱɢָ֮貣ֻƷζˡ
Ʒɣѽ
ֵȼҩƾӿǻƷһʱʧ񣬾ҩȻ˶һɴ󾪣Ʒɣ㰡㰡

ƷŷӦŻȥҩһ˼»𣬾ȻûжϣۿԼҩҪȼͷд󼱣һƷɾܣֻܳȥ˱һɫĻ⣬Ŀɿڴ
ƷҲǸ飬оһ籡еСģ˵һתһѽﱧڻУԼǰ档Ǵ𲻶ϳըɶѤ𣬺ġġƵġϵġ
һε𣬽ӳ棬ϱ任Ʒɽｿӣϵܰ㣬һʱ֪˼䣬һֻůůģҸʱ̡
ȻƷɽסʱ󾪣ܵؾѿԻƷɵѵÿ˾֮£ѵĶҲԣԹ˸
˼ѣҲˣԹֻǴ꣬ŤͷǲͣյĻ𣬸ŶϻƷɼٵĺֻԼΣкȻЩж
ı۰˵ζȻȼţıըȴûиоľ֣ƺǸսǿ׳ӣ˫ı۰򣬸ĪİȫС
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ҶС춯˶üëëǵֻװ棬ȥȽϰ׽ûӢ۾
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ҶСһصһʦͨ츳ӡ
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վһߣۼﱻƷɽסӣȻĽĺܡǣ˿еͷֿë˽ҶС죬鶯һת

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֪ҲҪűģҲŵƽʣǳϦҹȴǼû̻ҲûűԶԶıլѾСڶУյյƻ𣬵Եˡ
̫үѾף֪үΨִ̫󣬾еĺԲڲ񣬱סøİ˼Ҳȵ˸֪ΧֵűһȻԵˡ
ֻеĸоá䱦Ļ˵ȴһ̬ڱʲôģŲŵҲûʲôͲϲ֡
ǴҹٳңһҲòӹȣ밮´һףƣҲ¶棬ЪϢһɡҹʱʱ˰꼴ɡ
СС˼ҳĹҲǴᣬȻܼүĶ裬ȴҲ֪ݣĸѳŭ˷ˣеǰ취ү谮ҲʱʱߣԹɴүˣūӹǶûôүͬȥǱ߰ɣĪҪǵ÷ūҵĹˡ
˵λ̫ԵȣչأÿòʱҶҪһվ̺ڵҪϸˣ˻˹ػһôһ˵ҲԼЩݣǷ˾ݴΪԼʵҲԶԡҲãҲǲͨˣʱǡ
¶Ѿ̺װ磬׼ͬȥǱߣվºţһ̧ͷǡɽŭţ𣬼ֱȫصķͷ֪ŵγĶԱȡ
ѰʱһĻмޣҲòڣʱѾ˶ԸҶСļƲߣֻʮýɸʵʩҶһζˡ
֪ɽϣһЦƣջԻ˹տΡ
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ҶСһ󾪣ҪǰȥټһӰȻһңңļȻֹҶС춨ٿͼԳʹָЮңң߸ڿУվԼǰءִ򡱡
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ңңȾ˳ģۼҶСǱСȴֿһЦЦݽ쳣ϵҪѤ֡
һˣëǳŻƷɼüŪ۵صһζΣ
Ʒͱ٩࣬ҶСëѬȾӣƷɵƤѾԽԽļëһʣƷɲ߾ֻ͵͵һ۲Զ۷ԲȻСһۣһһҵĶڻˡ
ëô˵̲סҲﴦȥһһԲҪһŻˣ
⻰ЩЦζˣԵ˵ޣϷƷЩˣصëһۣ˵Щʲô˳ĿȥһƼģȴҲһëԲҪһŻˡ
ʱվһյ£ƹյ÷һȻ·˻𣬻Ʒ𷽲Ųִټ䱧סſʱеѾˣѵͷ죿
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ëǵŴŻŵص𣡻𡭡
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ƷＱתȦȻԱ߷һڴףˮȼһʱӦʹõģɿظϹȥץưӸһҨ
Ϊ촩ĺأͷ죬аȻѾˣȴȼ£ԺδʵֵԼȹϵƵƸʲô
ʱƷɶһưˮﲻɴһ˫ۣȻƷɣʲô
Ʒɴæһʵǵˣ

̴΢ţʸףƷһ죬һưƵˮ˳Ĳ˽ȥ;һֻĴ˳ԼļƨɡȣˢһĨȥ˾ʪˡ


32 ˰
ڼ䣬ظ˵ĸоġʱ򣬼ҼҶҪžۣ̼Ҳ⣬ԾҲֻ࣬дϢÿձ;
һգҶСдһ飬Լںصľϸд£иȥǡһ˳׼һ˵ˣԼžۣ˭ȴΪһ˾Щǰ̡
ҶСһ׵İ취Լںصϸ˵ֳ֪һˣֻҪֳˣȷʵĺضүټһ԰ܸö˰ɡ
ߣΪ飬ۼΪʵȴˣԻǰ۾ν֮صħӡʱҲ˵ĸʹɩȻεŲʹֻ²룬ż˳·ѣֳˣһҲʹõġ
ҶСţΪðٴһ⡣ڴһӣ鸮»ϲҶС쵱˵ŵϲֻӦҲ࣬죬Եš
⼸һֱߣ˲ˮذʮТٴүҲû˼ȶϱĸɴףÿѲڶסֻǱӳԱ̣űöѾ͵ĻüЦˡ
ҶСһڵģҲΪ֮ϲԼݹɶƤ񣬲ΪһŮ˼ҼŵС˶ȵúܡ
ҶСںһ󣬼಻ʹմ֣ʱʱΪӻ򲼡ιˮŶ̫Ŷ˯ʵæµĽүΧŶӣ۰Ͱ͵ضӣסӷ𣬱㼴ǡ
ҶС뿪鸮ۼʱ磬ڽͷ룬̫үѾݹˣλ˾կҲȥˣطֻ˴ڼǰݻᣬʵҲ۽ڵţӰ̴ӻתɽϡ
ҶСɽͼǰĸڵɽǰһһŮֻӰϳةǱˣ䵱档ҶС֣
ԶͷЦҪŰݷã͵ܴӺδ
ǼˣԶǰͶŲˡȻҲҶС岻ںأֵݷõ˼Ҳ࣬ųɾŻڼңŲҶС췴ԼߣЩˡ
ҶС첽ȥǱãΪʱѼˣҲپĻ˵ʲôԶЦϲǰӦ࣬ղڳȥϲɩôпչ
ԶһҶСбһţӶվʱ壬һʹҶҴˡ
ҶСЦͶԴ˳䵱ʹܳҶС˵ŽŽ˹ǱȻһЦȻūҿּĺܣҶ˵ĺ֪ء
ҶСЦɩȡЦˣСʲô֪д˵ǺļҵλСôȻ㴫ģ˵þҪɱ
ҶСԶ򸾲⣬һɽһ߾Ͳţһ˵һȻֹǱ˵ˣŻĺ֪дġ䲻ĴС飬ȴչױʣδȴѰ˵Ǻ֪ҲΪ
ԶչɫЦôĪɩ˵ôҶСɽϾϸֻҡͷһЦɩ˵ˣչдġ
˵ɽΪңңϯʦϿΣһʱùҶСѶԸϲ裬ة򸾸һȰǷſˡ
չ˵ؼΪ٣ĸӱ㲻ãһʱգؽʱһδŮ͸뿪ˣΨȿźٶۡ
г˽ǰԵɣŨŨ˼黰˼ĺܣҶСһ壬˼Ҫ¡ȥȢŵѴ̾˿
ǱЦЦţ̰߾ӶࡣǺļҹݸ߹󣬸ǧģɫ㣬㻹֪㣬ƫҪȥչҹλﶼǼĳ˭ܷСʱ²ͷʹ
ҲҼ˵ģǱŻֿǵ٩ҶСֻܿЦһҡͷ̾ɩ֪£ɵ˾֮УЩʱֻɼģչͬ˵¾ͷ¡
Ǳֻ֪ӨӨ֮ԼչҲǲ岻Բŵ٩䣬뾹ͬĸ֣ɲѰϵˣǱ˺֮ģͬ˰ɣչ˾˼ң˭֣£
ҶС̾ͬܿɲаڿԡ
ҶСԶıһֱԶĿģԼԼǷͼı뼰£һ˵׮̽һ̽Ŀڷ磬֪١
²޲ɸ֮ԶǲݰĶӣֻȻҲɽչ׷ɱصľһ顣
ҶСȥЩ˸˴ڰ׷ɱԼĪ⡢ֲ֮ǧƳȴû˿Զ֪ĵϸЩ¼ȴʱʱסˡ
һǱҲţһҶСԣֱһͷϣ˶סˡҶСλɩ˶Իʱʱһ۾ʧˣֻĿԶϣʶûע⵽ɫ
Ǳû뵽ҶСһϢʧ֮ڽ⿪Ȼ;ð׶༪٣ɴʱ׶
ǱУɫ԰ֽ˫ֽסӷ֣ѱ˶ׯˡ
ԭˣԭˣ㡭ϡ
ǱŲӦɰȥ׷ɱҶСչҹǱʱЩǧ棬ʴһ߰׹ǡɱʣȴУҶСɱ֡
ҶС𵱳ǾһĻԶһĹƳο£˵ԾһµӣǱڶУ뵽ʱ徵һĻֻ絶
ҶС쾪ĶǵԶ˿̾͵ܵǸλ׹͵˯֮оҪ˹Ƴ涾֡νѲк󸣣ѹ͵ܴ˺һ˳ˡ
ǱʱҲ΢΢һЦ˵ǾѹˣһΪһŮԼܲΪ֮ġοةһ˲ţΪֻһҪȡɾء
Ƭ̵ĹǱͻָɫ̸Ц̵ģȻ˿״Ѿĵס
գҶСھة򸾣ңңһ㡣ϯɢˣҶСԷͳţ˴Ӳɽ;ǱͻԶѰɣ˳סҶȥ
ԶȻǺιʣŶĪǡ㲻һ򷴸дô
ǱصһʱһʱҲֻǣ
ɱ֮׵գһɳҡҷڻȪ˰


33 ɽ
ڼ䣬ҶС츮߶ʵ٣ʱ̽ģʿڹšפعɽկ죬Գ޼ɵģҶСĺѻĸˡ
ЩУæ̺ӣţʱҶ͵ľֻѭ졢ܰͷƴϵˡһƴֵҶұۣϼһֻëʰ쵵Ĵҡڵһ竡
ҶСһ̲סЦּӥǣȮģȻ˵˰δʹ硣
ƴһ죬ڨЦүĪҪȡЦֻ˵ТְϲҼүͥԺֻŽաػϲ͹ˡ
ƴ˵ֱۣëıƴĴָһöһϸϵϣɲ̫ԶչУе˺ã˼顣
ҶС㶣ЦˣֻģҺϲ
ƴҶСȽϾһ£Ȳѭһ⣬ҲܰͷľګҶӲ֣ɣԵݣ˵ҶҴҵûʲô͵ĳֵĶͰɣԵ̫⣬ÿεţŪЩС
ǰѾһ˵ҲԻϲѣϽǰƴнӹƴϵ̹ģˣȥðɣ˵ĹȻɻѭӣ䵽СѾֱϡ
СѾϲصĴģҶСƴˣʵ˰˾Ǳߣһпգ
ƴǷãǰ·ϲæһж˳ɤӣֵм£µѣҪȻʱҪӡ
ƴ˰δʹҶСټģڹٳϣټҪܾټģ⣬ټҲҪܵԲʮֿ֮ˣͨԱ׾ټܾټɴ˴ټһϵҲ˳ˡ
ƴϸոְ©ǾҶСʶ˲ˣҶСҲܹУӣרע̬֮ƴϱ㱨Ȼة˰δʹûֱӵĴϵҲʲôʽϣ׼ȷ˵ǻ㱨
˰˾ĵȻֻ˰ֻس·̣ͨʵ̸ʲôҪľ֧Ϊ⽨ʱũҵũҵռıطͣͲûУҲ˰˾һ֡
֮ǰ첮ķ׸ջҶСժӣ͹ȻҲתʱˡ
˰ҪϸЩӦ͢٣׸յ˼Ѿĸ˰ЩҪӦɵ˰еֿ۵ģͬʱũҵˣҪӹٸþȼãĿҪô䣬ܴ˾ÿѾļͥǷȼã֣Ǹ߲⣬ȷʵƴ˰δʹܾģֲܲעΪһ⣬ֱ˾ӶҶСҲҪܵۡ
ҶС˵꣬ϵصѾõ˼ңͬҪܾȼáǵõ⣬ΪӦ٣ףҾ޹أн˾ȼãΰų⣬֮ǰܵĳ͢ݾͳһֽģһɣ͸ȥġڴϷܹȡپȼãη䣬һٹã飡
ƴģҶСģҶС仰ƴд󶨣꣬˵һЩɵĻ⡣ʱһ֮ǾԳ
ҶСƴңңԺ䴫ϯ첽ϵ£ңңӵԺңңԺֻһӣԺϿշȥغɵϣֻɵϣ
仰ҲǴӱѧѧʱĻδ仰˼Ǵ̬ҲӦʹõĳϣʱԳˡ
ŭĿһʱУȰľֻģȴڴƵģﰤı߶
Գ˶ǹ룬ԺֱײԾ߷ͣɸײһֻɽײһǣŭ֮³嵽ԺǣǴγյңңСѾ׷߱ܣ޶ȴִ˲ƣϴµĴӺ浽ܣƺȤ֮
ҶСƴϴҴܽԺӣۼĴòɿֻĿɿڴҶС쾪ؽеô£ôһССֵˮˣ
ңңӺ棬̽СԴίص˼ҲãȻ˵ȴɰģƫƫ˳ֻۣԴϵһڣͲȻŭˡ
ʱֻ¡һԾĽǽͷϣһǽѹˡӣɵĲߣֻǽղȥץӣϸϸһǾƻδץš
ҶСǡԼæһһץסӣԼƴۼԺǽһƬεصүǱְǲܣֻġ
ҶСҡͷ̾£θɣ˰ˣӱ˴˿˳ۣҷбˡ

ɽ£úլУ֪زǰɽϾԳϢȥż˵ԪҪãò֮ͭʸȥһ˰ɡ
Աߵľǰձ֪֪£һ⻰æԻ̵֪֪үǲ¹ٸͭʸкιɣ
ǽ֪أһأݱȻ绹ҪЩҲŵΣ΢ǷǹŻ;ܴ죬ʵС仯
֪ظٽʱ͢һʿӣҲ֪ݵƶ񤣬غ˰ɣ귴Ҫܳ͢ȼáʿӲǶٰЩ֣һ£ٵã类عϷһգ֡
Ȼ¹ˣˣһԪ¹ټ̱ͭʡ
һۣ׵ãҪֱز飬ǲ㱼棬ʵǲѶΪ֮ѽ⺷ʱΪЩãֵĲɿȥ걾Ӧ֮͢٣õǮ⣬һθӸӣǾȼǲ׵ģҪţǲףǰûеõʵݵ˼ȼʣʱǷǸܶҪЩǮЩ
ذģй޹Ϊֻҳĵһȴеע⵽ˡ⺷͡ǷǸϽẉ֪̂һ˵ľ˰ء
˵ͭʸϽĿαȽϸӣд඼֪صң֪֪Щ֪崫Уʼ˼ĵϵ֮٣͵ǳ͢ˣ֪Уͳ˱˼ҵĺӣһ˭Զ˭˵ô
Գ͢ݸݸٲͭʸÿӣ֪һǿϵţһֻ˼һ£˵ȥҲࡣ
һˣɽβͬȥ֮٣͢Ӧ˼ҵǮһ˰ˣ͢ĸÿ̫٣ǾͲ׽⡣
ʱٷ˰ղ⣬Ѿõ˼ҼãЩûеõ˼ұȻҲƽ⣬˹ԱǵнٺţҲҪ⣬ֻһոεĹٶţγԵôĲ⡣
ʱϽѵѽ¹ٲо֮⣬¹Һȶ¹ٸյأεΣǧѽ
üͷһ壬ΪѵصΪⱾ֮ȥػиˡ˵ȥģǸûϣɹˡ
ȰλߵĻ˭˻֪ؾֻҶةˣ飬ϽӿڵˣһҶة׳ɹҶة֪ͭѡţ
һۣĵҶСĵϸ㵹Ŷ塣㸧ԥôصǿȥҶ˵±ϾӦ㸺ֻҶ
ϵ¹ȥҶһˣҶة¹æ¹غҺذҶةԴΪصġ
΢΢һЦ׵ãҶةϰæȻ󿪷֮š


34 
Ҷլһ侲ŹţڰһȾһָĻɳյķ룬һž޴ķϰŴССʽһЩƿƿ޹ޡ
ҶСվԣСزšһ۵ĶվԱߣϸƵһЩעϸڲ衣
ǺµĶƹƳķԲϸ˵ǲ˼飬֮˼Ĵ˵ʵûô棬ŪֻܶӡƬëšѪдʵģʲô
Ƹ׵˵ӦһﻯѧĲ׽ֶ棬ǲߢԭϣԼĶƳ棬ᴿϳɵĹ̡УһССʧ󣬺ϳɱƫпܹܴɡ
ȻһЩڹϾ߱ĹʦʱҲĿĵĳƫΪ߱µõĹƳ档̱ɾḻƸʩΪһеѧͽǾҺҶֵġ
Ϊƫ³εĹƳǻãһһǰδе͹Ƴ棬ǰ˭Ҳ޷ȷʲôӣ߱ʲô޷÷Ǿ̫Σˡ
ԣжһЭָ㣬ʱ׼ӦԽҶСɽС΢ȫע
ҶС涬ϰɲһʱѪΪϾҪɽˣҶССһΡԾʦͽ塣
ҶСңΨһǽ̵ҶСѧϰΪһļ˲ţȻʵʹҲʤΣκҶСѡ·ûʱ侲ѧϰ
һμȥˣҶСĹˮ׼ûʲôߣӶ㲻ϡһ²̽ߣȥڳϷɱᵽ£ڳϴΪԾ߻һλϡ
λµġϡ֮߱սһλΪ³ϵһˣֻһ֣ҮԴγϺƾͳˡҮУ
ҶСһֱûϰһΪĺܶ࣬һҲΪʮɺ쳾ԶһʦҪĶ࣬Ը׼һС٣ҲԸɽһڡӡĲͷ
ζϻɽʵҲǳҶСĲ߻Դ粿߳һµķչ·ѾһлᣬЩɽѬա
ǧŵطϵĲϿԼĲںϣԭյṹϱƣԽԽҲ˹ƽ̵Ŀƣƽ̵ǸоΣ
ӦԵİ취ԼΧ飬ܾԼ߳Ҳܾ߽ȥӶǵľͳΣҶС쿴ٴǵıȴܱǵ
͸ӰǲܸģչɽҪⲿʴʱִγɵͳνֱǾһصĴѡ
ǻδܳһʱάԼͳΣʲᷢڲⲿĲǿҲֻܱһȺԭʼˡȽ
Ψ߳ڽȥǳ÷չ֮ΪһεߣΪƽ̺ŷƽ̵ʮɽѡ·Ȼ˵˵ɽҲֻ߳ȥ磬ﵽ
ˣһ뷨Ҫʹϻɽ˲ܱ֤֣һʶ⻨磬Ϊմɽ̵档
ԣ²̽ʱ͸¶ԼѧϰһɵĿľΪ˻ˣӴĳԽ࣬ǲòԼȾں쳾֮ڣδļƻԽС
߲ĶϣҶСȻģҲӼᶨ߳ֻʩСƣ²оϵˣڳϾͱǣűӹԹжˣʼգǶΪƿ֮µѡԱɽı׶ˡ
ʱҪ£ɽʮһգûǿвûڲ̫ľǵĻǻ۶˻һǺ£Ϊʮĵ˵Ǿͺܿˡ
ʱӵʮ磬͵һɼǿǸ˻ӵһĪĹҲⱻãһľˣȴֻ൱ڼĺͯôܲΪõƷ
޷ҷʿ޵й⻼ߣԹƽ̺˵ҲˣԼЩԲ𶬳ϣҶС컹ѡ·ѧƣΪһ⡣
үүп͵ţ
߳һȫעҶСŵһ£ŵһ̳Ƕһʧֵ䡣Ը²ôţû뵽Ǻˡ
ҶСûػͷȵ˵ҽ첻Ӵһºˣ°ǡ
վԺصүԸС˰Ҳӣֻλǰү˵ҪҪүСүĴ¡
̾ҶСȻˣ߾ȥ˰ɣһʱεҲʲôҮˣ̵ǡ
ҶС˵ǰˣ˵ݵ˾Ͳ״ˣ˵ΪҪȷʵҲܵ飬ֻڨڨشӦϽʰ
ȴûע⵽̳ǵ䣬̳мεֻƳ֮һŵô̳ԾһСЩĹӣһֻĶ棬ԾԾԾԵҪ˵ϡ
ǹƳһ˽ҶС죬ᵽ϶ԸֹƳ˵Ϊǿҵһζʱ˼̳мķ϶ƽƹƳ棬ε飬ܽһЩ뾭飬вֳӡ
ΪҶСæгֻƳһЩ֮ںϵĶ棬Ѿ˱죬γһµĹƳ棬ҶСûػͷʣֲã˾Ȼûз
ҶС켱ȥϰЩ̳̳޹޸ϣ̾һҲȥˣֻ״ΉĹƳ̳޷϶̽ӣ󡱵мϣһ˼£ŷ˳ȥ
õ㣬ҶСģ˰æûбʾִһݺ
ҶСһ˵⣬ˬؾʹӦ˰δʹľټˣҲİȥͭһ޳ɣһϵе⣬ֻǲλҲöӸ档У»вӦĵ
㷣ҶС첻ϴӦһҶСӦмĪǧлһŵҶСͳţҪֵһ̧ͷǡ˻һСǰ
ҶСһڽԵԶЩ죬æֵ֣ôϾ
Զͣ˽ӣǰҶСЦҶ͵ܣҲڣʧʧ񡣹͵ܰΪվʧޣҪʰʰޣһûиµĹǲеģܲסڿջԺ֮ᱻ֮ɣ
˵䣬ǱҲӽҶСͰӯӯһ񡣰֮ǰةΣȴͷһؼةӣһһ˶θȣǰһ
밵Ҷة׳δȢޣة˼ҲҼиϣͲҶةԵôȣңֻǰѳֲסġ


35 Ԫ
ԪƻǴǰһʢˡҶСةȫΰǰŵʷ˰ţɢڴСάΰ赼ͨ
ƫԶطδȻ̡Ԫѽڹ۵͵ƣ𣬳ֶΪͰľݣ˼Ժﻹв⣬Ϊ˷飬ҶСͷվǾȻӣѲ˾Ա
ҶСЩѲ˾ٱÿʮΪһӣץ²ˮǱֵļҪֵͬʱɽӸ¹ȫǶһԵƹΪţΰ;ȻԱж
ҹƹڸҹɫҹɫԽԽǽϽͷϷ͵ƣŵ֡ҶСȫҲɽڵصֵʮִ֡
ԢʿŮϷšٸŮͯұ١ͰС߿֮޲ۼڴˣַǷ˵ȳңңȻǺܻϲģټ־Ҳ档
ǱҶңҲһͬΡһһǣңң֣ҶСƬ̣ȡȹٸ˵˵ЦЦһ˼ң׷ȥŶһʱ
ĽӽҶС죬ݺңң粽룬֣ЦضСӣ㿴Щ˼ŮӶŶأ㲻ȥһô
ݿǼλٸ־ٶʵ㣬˼Ŷʲô
ǱЦŶǺҷףŶŶҲָϲ£˵Ŷӡ
ڽӴŮӶԿһһĴ£غڷҵĵλδˣǲУʵʧڻҪءҶС粻֪üˣȴûУﲻ֪жżʱǱһ˵ʱ⶯
κ֧ʵӴҶС졢ƷɡëټŮӣʮѾ̫Ӵʮִͷܶƣƺȫǵ˶ˣôˣһһŲ߶ʮֻﻹȥŶ
ҶСŲУƬ̣оݵŮжٻͷһˣҲ֪ڿЩʲôҶСԪѽڣһΨһȣȥȥɣѰңҹʱԻظȥ
˵ŵȥǣǱһ˵˲ݣֻšŶӡֻɼȲڿڣһ⻰ɴϲæǱңң߰ɣԹˣȥ
ǱݸһЦãԹܴңңȥɣϲЩͬкˡ
Ǳ岻δŮӣҶС֮ͬޣҲδ룬ûڣЩɬæӦˣңңߡңңҲҶС찲ʵ̫ζŻϲصȥˡ
ѾһȥǱƳĴȣźۼرҶСУ̸Ц
ūΪ˷˼ѽڣڸ͵أ˾Ȼϲ֡
ǱҶС죬۲ӯӯϲʵƹӳϣ潿ΡǣǱ岻ͬԪѽڣ˵ΪãҶС첢δ룬˳ڴԪ͵͵Ĳֻǵƣֵľ£ȴڼ޷оõġ
ҶС˵ţĿǰഺŮĲģҲЦӯӯĸǿˣͺܲĹٱƹһգɫֻǿϧʱڻȽ䣬ȹֱͲƿӣǻԲ۵һ˫ȡ
มūˣԭ㾰รǱ˳ĿһƣȻ򣬱Դ
ҶСϽĿ⣬ǱһЦЦӣȣô˱ɫ˱ɫ
ǱЦλȴҲӣ֧ݣȴӱ˼ҵŮӣ⡭ǲǾͽмһ㡭Ұأ
Ǳ仰ԽԽС󼸺ҶСĶ˵ģ̬͹£һ˫޳ˣľͷƽģҪյҶС˵ɣơ
Ԫѽʱ̣Ǻ컵ĳɣҶСȴеڡΪǱ忿ĽΪֻһ޷зŮ˼˵ǿеЦζˡ
ҶС첻رֻ̬ܵŤͷһۣȴǱЦ绨һ˫ĵ۾ʪüҪγˮҶСͷȻһӷĲǴ֦ӣǽɣ

ԪڵˣҹĻĵ٣ֱֵʮִϣŮʼûһ͵ļڣ
˰δʹƴôԶ·һ˰ӽѭһƲмһ˵ص
ƴ΢΢һЦǰȺһָ˹صôʱɣϡ֮ԪڼҪ񣬲ûԭġ
ѭһ˫ǰ߼ɫĸ˵Цž°ͳô
ƴϵȻ˼ңѵôϽ֣ūΪѣ̾ʱ򣬱͵֮֮Ĵûˡ㿴ŮУֻҪ˴˿۶Ҫ⣬һкա
ѭ쳤̾һȻˣΪôãȴûһͶͱѭؿƴһۣĪΪ߰ͷӣȥȥȥϽԶЩĪҪ͵㡣
ƴϵޣҪʲô¶ҵͷϣûǸò˴ġ㿴ǰλ꣬ӣĿ֮£λȵĸˣǶͶͱô
ҿ
ѭ·˼Ѫʱ۷Ź⣬ƴǰһָЦص㿴
ƴϵȻֹֻʣһֻ֣·֦һغڿУµĺҹ΢΢ɪƬ̣ѭȷӦæһ䣬˱תһ֮ززˡ
ƴϷֵȥȻ֣סλ˶ν꣬ȻǱضүҶةֻҲͰˣ漴ַλϼȾ˫մҶة·ϴһ㽿ߵ˶ةķˡʲô
ƣΪסԱͨʱɲǵ⣬Ƿ⡣ҹԱͨ飬һȣԡǿ顱۴ԡûߡԹ̵ģԪ谾ôɹ˾ȻײһĻܲϻ̳Ͽ֣Ͻ֮󼪣·δ
ǱҶС컳Ǻÿü۵ضҶСūҽһЩûվȣҿԮ֡
ҶСЦЦǺǣܿɩ˵Ӧ£ɩ˺αؿףҶС˵ţָ˼£һĨĸо˻ζŮ˲ֻ̬欣һƤ⡣
ֻǡûвĨǱţǱһӣĻϲûлѩôỬԵˣҪôܵĻǳĹȤˡ
λǱǷ򸾲гأǱĿġĿģΪʲôһɲǼ䣬ҶСͷӹɻ󣬱ڴʱǰȻһƬˣҶСȻ̧ͷ


36 ¶
ΪʲôԵʷɧҶС첢ҲƤɡ˶ӣСϱѵĺûΎ˼ҵֻͣĵĽţԴ˳ӵĺɰ֮Ǵˡ
һ֣иݲȭһȺ˶б˵˷߷Ȼؼսţν⺷治Ǹǵģ˵ĻŹܿݱһֵĻս
ۿţ˳˹ȣ˵¥Ϲ۵Ƶ˽е̵һԶƲϵ˴Ĵ޵Ŀ޵ĺǺò֡
ףһĻϤѽϡǵõʱ򡭡
ҶС󷢸пȻֻһֻЬӹЩȵϣҶСʶһͷԼս֮Уɴе˵ز˾ǿߣ
ҶСһѳǱ壬ͷܡոܳվסŲ԰ڿɲǳصˣǺصĸĸ٣ǵλȨƽĶүȫΰģһ֮
ҶСַſǱ֣ӵǻסǱˣ˵һѳ۽ҴϣȥеةڴˣȻס֣
ֳѾһ࣬һƬ˭ʲôҶС仰ûκãĵĺڽ£ɵ˵˹
Ӵ󵨣ˣ
ҶС˹ոպ˰䣬ͼǶʿ˵γĺӵͷȥæִֹԼҲ֪ЩأһȻ˳ȥõȴǵ
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֣ͳͳ֣
ܰͷżţȥվȡֻ죬ʲôҲܴãĳ棬ôȻǲκõģǺ˻ߣҲ޷ֹȺŹ
ʱ򣬺ͬߺ¡¡ɱһѲ˾ٱˮߵɧΪˮææܳһ󣬲ɴ
ҶСǴӵСУе죬Ӧǰģæؼȥ˱ةҶС죬ֹŹ
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ҶˣЩƵģ̫ˣݺңңҲ֪ȥĶǲܵ˺ɣ
Ǳ˵ţ˳ǣסҶС֣һС˵ģҶС찲οӦòµģҼеķ򣬸뿪ʮִˡ
ҶС˵һŤͷǡÿǱգϽ˼ˮ飬ӨˮγŴƵķʣڵƹһգˮ·һͤͤˮİ
ǱԼжʱӹһ˿֮⡣˳棬ĻҲܶ˵ˣֻһ˵Լҵ⡣
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Ǳʱ¶һĨɫѱ׵ǣūҾȻɽˡǱǰհȹתȥǷɿӹһ˿⡣
װ׵ҶСʾԼȻϹˣ˾аǧ˶̰޶ȡ
ӽҶС죬ɫգǱϤ֮뵽ıķӡ֪ҶСڻϪһսǹǸʿһʮ˵ãȴҶСһȭ˲ǱУҶСһز¶ĸ֡
Ϊƽߣʱʱһλƽ̳ӣ⾰ҵһ뻯ĹԲǶҲá¶Ҳգ׵ֻһΣǱǲʩΪġ
ңȱһĻᣬҲ¶֣ΪӦûɱҶС죬˾ӽҶС죬ͬңңܹϵȻǶҶСͼıɱҶС죬ŭ롣
ԣл͵ϮҶС죬Ҳ׳֣ҶСֲκ֪ҶСϣһʹõķͷǳˡ
һʲôʱŻȫɾ裿һʱ˻ŵˣʲôʱŻѻ֧޾ؽӽһȥȻ͵ʱ򣬶е͵
ԣǱһһʧķӣҶССָһ͵ڸһŶ裬ȻҶСѾϹҲز̫ˡ
ҶС쿴Ǳ屻ŴҴȥһЦûɫǻĵزҲ˵ұ˸մãѰŮҲմȾ
ʲôŮŮرӦֻм˴࣬αԼȾָӣֻ˼룬ôҲ벻ǱͶͱĺɡ
Ǳ޷зһûôͻȻһˣȻÿΣҲû˰ǰֵĵزŮΪô
뵽ԶĲݱ뵽ǱԶլۡΪ͵ԼϵģҶСжϣųɾǱͼԶҲ֪飬Ƿ򸾾ͼıʲô
ҪжôشıŻԶԼñӵĵزԽ뼰ڴˣҶСԽݣ̽ףҪʳѰˣҪ̽Էϸ͵ýƾͼơ
úլŵͬ£վڻ԰һСͤϷ۵ƣϵӰʱѾ˲Ĺ۵ưս
ǴҵĵӰվ￴ȥֻһֵľ
ҹ۵ƣźܿģʱΪ䣬Ųδ룬ɵܳһЩҲ֮飬ȵУ͸ԱҲɷǱԭˡ
ɷֻһ˹۵ƣȻϲãϵԼӰҹŻǧ䣬ꡣ·תһҹ衣
漴ӿڵѩƽƣЦӯӯȥѰǧٶȣȻףȴڣƻɺ˵ţһ˫Ѿŵһ˫£ס
ʫ䣬źߵһЦӣǰֻҪɷлˡʱδע⵽Ŀ򳤽֣ɫ䡣
ѰǧٶȣȻףȴڣƻɺ
֪ؿеǰˣǳϵĳأ
ϣѲ˾ٱˮ£ɧҽƽϢνֹ۵ƵǱߣһƬǽ壬ЬһֻﶪһţǱײ˵ĵѾճ˸һòǼӣȥһƬ
ֽӰһվߴһСˣڳָھʿͲƽϢŹˣæýͷöҶС죬΢΢һЦתڰ֮С


37 һһ
ҶСһֱæ賿ĸ죬ƣӷԼļңԭһգֳʵʼδԺ磬֮İվۼһ𣬳Ҳ֮С
ݺңңڻΪȵ̫ãңңѾڻ޺˯ˣϱݸһݷϴ˯ҶСĶſ۾
С磬ŻȥЪɡ
ҶСǷЦһǷˣѹֳ͢һֹռᣬô˾ۼһûҲܸδءݣ㲻õҵģңңǰ
ȥңңҶСˣ˯㣬˯ˣһҪѹ
ݵɣҲ
ҶСͷݵ̺ϴһص˯¡ƽ￪õʱʵ̫磬һãڹԱҪòΣͲܲˡ
ۿʱȻҶС˯㣬˻ǲòѣҶСϽϴͣɽҴҸãϵʱڹԱڴŵ
ҶСһǱֿһ·ҶС˴ãͼҼΣѲ졢ŵʷǶŲ裬һҶС쵽ˣ׷׷²豭
ҶСæϹлˣλͬţǸǸҶĳˡ
԰վ΢Ц޷ҹ£Ѿ˵ˣҶةˣٵһЩҲԸҹͷ֮ңûʲô°ɣ
ҶСҹ֪ιʣͻȻ˳ͻúһԪƻôˡҺѲ˾ٱͲǸϵʱûʲôӣЩˣͽȥҽݾˡ
Ȼ˾ͺãϲգǧĪҪǳӲźá
ȫвΰݣҲⲻ˵һο֮ǣʽϣ˷׷£絥°ҶС죬˵ˣżɽصΪؽЩˡ꣬һҪ¾ǳ͢ⷽõĲٵģǿҲӦȥһ£ռҵǮõ˻⣬Ƿ˶Ҫڽ֣һ̫ٿҪ⡣
һڲˮǺһЦֵڴ죬һʮа˾ž͵õˣҲʣһ⾰Ҫǳ©ؿɾڲ˰
˵˾ЦתҶС죬±ɰģְвϤǵĻ飬ҶͭһУȡ֪Ҷΰ
ϰеĿͶҶС죬ҶСǰͺͰͨƴĪϵһҪάģǷ¹ҲҵɹУΪǡ
ȻЦ˾ͺãҶ֪ͭʦܱ֮꣬ҵҪ֪ǰ˵¹ϵҺҶȫԸѽ

ҶСǰѺͰͨԻ֪һµԸֻҪԸе޲׼ĵ׼֪ߵͷҶСϾͰһӦ񽻽Ӹŵʷ
Ҳ絽һգȡĻһ֣˲ҵ飬ϱصУ׼ӱֱͭʸ
֪ҶСͰڶ־һһյ꣬áʵѾǰլֻӼ˽ܵĿˣƽʱڶʱתʮټ
ãսԼС鷿ߺȻѵһۣѮ£ȵҲף˹ƷŲ裬һˡ
ɡ
߹ȥڰˣ˿ҶСδǰҫذɲ֪ΪΣҶСʱһǿѹʱ²ž˿˫΢΢·£Ԩʱĸо
΢ЦҶСӦȥͭˣ
ͷӦˣ
ȻƣãֻҪ뿪ǾͿԷʩΪˡ
صɰڴһ٣ҶСںضĿڶ࣬СĴ¡
˲мصνĿһȺ̨߹ˣաңеֶΣǼıҲ޴ӻˡ
˵΢΢һЦߣҶС컵·ûôЩ˲˵ʲôҶСһѣȴһ侮ʯģʱ򡭡
¶Цݡɫʱع£ȫڴˣй͡пͣǲ̧һҲûһؼˡǽʿֻƫԶСأشģ̻ˣ׷ӴѧǻԭĻ֮أ˱Ȼһչб׳꣬ٻʮĻ;Ҫߣձһ಻޿ܡ
ҲЦˣȻɣĳزԸҳɾһ
ȻֵԸ̣Ϊ֣
˾ǵΨ뵽أδֱ֪ʦء˾˿̶۶ǴЭҶСΪ񣬳ΪĻš
;˵δһ·ôʦǮѾ׬Ĺˣɵλȴߡʦʱʵ̸ʲôλ޴˵ˣٸŲ衱ʦĿ
ʿУʦЩŪǷǣ֮ͽԭĻصӸùڹݵʵ˾ү˭˭ûǿ˭ȭͷ󣬸Ӳǿɷơ
ڼ䣬ߣԭĸϵԼյǿɷʤߣкķѵԽʵ١ǮѾ׬ˣҪľݵλˡ
ĻžǺƵʦүֻڻƺǱΪĻѻĻԱǮȡ빵񣬲ǹԱʤƹԱƸΪĻѵĹԱӰӡ
Ļ˵Σ̶ܴǴٳΣԻԸһƸΪĻѣձȻһٳεľ棬ܸ϶ôߵλãնȨȻԸΪˡ
صһͬҶСǿǮķϣڶͬҶС㴿֮ˣΪǲһΣȴΪԼĴǰ̣ȻȫԸˡ
Ǳһ𴲣ϴƽ棬ϲͿĨ϶ҹҶСȻѾ⣬ȻҸͷ׽ױ磬ֻϹױʱüۡȾ˫ǽΡ
˭ҶСҲҵҲǱƶԵ޲檣檲͵ᣬδȣôͰסʱյλһհղȥţҲûѰĲǰɣ
Ǳ尴಻ס뿪ԼסȥѰ˵ļòһҶС쾹ȥͭʣǱ岻Ȼʲô״ĪҶҪ桰͵͵šİϷ


38 缩
ɽϸ߸ߵֵУʳ峺ϪˮϪˮһд󽭣һСˮŴɽ룬룬崣ǧDתһǣ˽ͭʡ
ͭʹųơϪľ۾֮أֳơϪʱյͭʣѲĵľ̼ƼԭǴ󸷵ķȻǲܱȵģǭȴһʤء
ҶС糾͵ظϵͭʸûֱȥ֪ż֪ȥ̽Ķʦͣ˽ЩѧҪ²ſΣҶСֱȥ͵ļҡ
ס˽֣˽Ǽһڣʱû£ͭʳһƬգû˽֣ͽ̼̯ߺ˷
ҶСһ˷ٶȻζУƽֵʱ򣬾Ͳòǣˡ
ֽǣһźȹʮµһСѾڽϣԱиѮҵİӣǣһƥţŮӲУɲŮò
ǺȹҿС컯յģ쵽ҼˣСıƼ
ǰ΢ЦʲôԽСģԽǲ˿󷽷ͬôżȻ·
Ǻȹһڣ˲صһۣǰһƦΪ⡣Ǻȹ޿κΣֻܶ˶ţȥˡ
£´һֱҶʵĽȥɽɢɢĿɺá
˵ţȹĵ˸ǸȻνġɢġʲô˼һ죬߾صֺʲô˼ôøɢġ
һŶʱһϲٺЦģһΣ˳ˡ
ǸһʱһףŵصӣѵѾ֪ǡ
æôܣ㲻õġֻ˵ͨΣΪ㸸ϵǡٺ٣ʱӶλ˼ҵķͬȥֻǸΪӺλӭͣɲô
ȹüһܱһͬɽôô
ȹӵӲҵ£ֻҪлͬɽûһô˵űȥ׽Ǹ衣
Ǹ˷·ЫһƵģϽ֣һ۵Ŀ֮£һĵӡ
ӣ㬵صҲ֪Щʲôͷмʶҡ
ȹֱ粻壬֪ʲô׾ٶ쵽˽ˣ߰ɡ
ȣȵȣ
ӺȻ·и̯ӣæסȹˣ첽ǰȥ
ȥϹϴ֣ɬ֣ɬ˹ܻ֡Ӵλ͹٣
˼ֻֽˣ˳ػصȹߣ£СͰԵ쳢
ȹĿֶŵصջȥû
ɾЦصڸѧʱиСŮ޶֪ߣ͵ҵԣԣſˡ
ȹԼʶʱ龰ʱ귽꣬һʱȥ͵ԣ׽šʱ뵽ȴʱյԩҡ
ȹһȴϾѣģ̫¶ǣֱʶ˿¾ǡ˵־ҪȥӡһɣһҪҵֳԣ
ȹߣ㽩ȥֻ¸עĿϽҿûڣ̽ȥҧһ
ʱҶСǣżոתƼ龰룺Է޻ǶģҲɣԭط»ŮҲҵֲࡣ
Ǻȹ˼ҧһ̧ͷ䣬߻òˡӽ״ڵЦص˶˶˶ҧô
˵겻ȹ˷ҧһԼȹؿһۣתüһĨϲǡ紺֦ͷǶӻʱҶСѾǣ߹ȥˡ

ҶСţҲϲȻ˵ҶСֻΪӦ棬ҵΪųģҶС˼Ȼֵһ˾ˣ漴Ϊصʷ֮ƾһ£ةһλ˰Ʒة͵гϢһλˣڸѧʱʱš
ϲϲҶСˣѯΣһһ߸̾ϢҶСҲæϲѧԭֻһʷֻҪ֤ΰӾͿˣةȴϾ˴ѴҪָԽ򰡡
ʹһȻĪΪ˳͢
ҶСǣѧΪ¶͢Һ٣ҺӦ֮٣˰һϲ׾ݣܶЩӻȥֻ²ù
Ͱͷҡø˹Ƶģһصѣѡ
ҶСüںδ˿û𣿡
ͽ͵СţϷʦ֮꣬ʲôϷͺ˵ڵ棬ҲšغطͭʸԶĹϵǴвͬģһҲ˵Ҳס
֪ЩԨԴҲȲ裬ǿǶٱĽ飬ټ϶˼ǵϵ㣬ƫ̻˭Щ˼ҵĺӽҲˣͻԼһҿҲĴ˰ɣ
ҶСǣν겻ͬΪһ£׺յİ˼Ǯ˰⣬ؽ˰Ҫһ룬ͭʸֵĻһӡ
ʹĻ֪˺θɣ¶ʵݵһڹţͭʸûմʲôô˵η˳ǵϲġ֪žӼͣѾۣŴɵһܽܵƽ⣬ֻҪһɣ˭ϷָأҪȫƷ²ģ룬֪˿ôСѽ
ҶСʱ˰أΣ̽صѧԼ䡭
͵Դֱ˲˹ģɲɲɣСţ֪⸮ѧͷ׾ݵĺܣ鶨ÿҪ沦һǮǸѧϷҪ֪أﻹͷ
˵ţһСܽСˡ
ᡰһҶСŮŮˣüԺ˴ҲиӦͲҪߣһϷ¾ϯȼ
С˵үûСһ˻ġ
üͷһ壬õص⺢ӣֶԻңҲ¹Ųϲ
˼ҳؼҿ㻹ô
⴫һ漴һŻٻӰƮ˿ҶС̧ͷһ΢΢һǰŮӣƽ·ǸŮˡ


39 Եɺ
޳ĺŮһţէһ΢ЦվУ΢΢һ㶣ԭпڣѷ飬Ķ·ʱҴһƳֻˣҶСȴûʲôӡˡ
ȻŮȻҲֻǵعأܵŵڵѣŮңȻǻϲģЦǺǵضǺŮӵ°һλҳ˵ҶС죬κةְ֮С찡ϷŮ˿Խơ
ҶСæǰҾС㡣
ŮһվİˣֻΪǱߵĹϵܣʵ̸׽ֻǿҶСʺ򼸾䣬͵ףŮȥĸס
͵ȥȥɣˣôδͬ
Ůӵոտãæڹأ˵ǰʱֹ˵ҶС΢Цһףתլ
ҶСĵԭ·Ǹӱɷ򣬿˵ʱģȴæڹ񣬱Ů֮䲻Խʲɡ
Ȼ͵ġûְﲻʲôæҶСҲͲڴˣƴǵһϯѧ˲ʹˣȥ෽̽һϢܶȡһֱһ֣ˣɡ
һ˼⣬׵ҲãΣϷԾƣҲĲɣȥס°ɣظĹԱӦöסҲͨǶ˽һν֪֪ˣսʤǺǡ
ҶСĵǮŮˡ̣νսԴҴͭʣǮˣȷһս
ҶС͸뿪ȥݣȡĹĽݽȥƬ̹򣬱һλةҴҵӭһҶС죬δȿһֵǺҶة棿
ҶС칰ֵǱ٣¾Ǵ˵ة
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ȻةҶСڹˣЦҶةĳˣ¹վƽģҲûʲôȴȻӳ쿪ʼиعԱ½վסˣ޿෿ˡ
ҶСһӳ쿪ʼпعԱܵͭʸˣͿñ𣿺ûʲôһ¸ʧȻ
ҶСסݣΪ˴̽һعԱʹȥԳһ£ֵסˣةܷ취
ةϿҵص涼סˣ¹ٸɵľӭӪαضԴڳڿأʵֻʣСݣȼסģдˡ
ҶС˴üͷסСݿ֪жСҲһһ齶ӣôδס¡˵ԱйԱ棬Ҫע󣬾ס£סǼ۾ȥ
ةҶСԥָˣʵ޷ˣųȥǰвԶһ££һȥпޣҿ˴Ӳ٣ȥֻЩǮסһԺ䣬֮ջҪ࣬ʡ˵Ŵ徲
ҶСҲλةûΪԼվӦסˣȻˣǱٱȥԺ޼ա
ةҶСô˵øУæ¹ʹˣ
ةҶС˰ҶС̴Ҳվߣһ·ȥΪʵסݵԱֻ࣬ЩԱ٣ڵط϶ʵһĴүⶼ˴ӣѹסˡ
ةҶСȥһԺʱ˸ߺһ˾ү
Ժʹ׷׸صͷ״Щ˾үȻȲðȴ˾Ҳ˾е˾ֻӣе˾̲һأڵط˵һȨ͢ǲ٣ǽһķ⽮ҲǱȲϵġ
˾үǳͷܴʵǸͲţ˾ү֮ۻǵٸ£ƽǶסԼկӼżҪǳţҲҪʦһԣǳ鷳
Щ˶ūΪӣկʱֻҪ˾үһŽǲڸʲôͣһлƣʩ񣬵ȴ뿪ٶŽǣſǡ
˾үؼҵʱҲأҪ˾ү˶¥ŽܹЩ˾үλųӣ¾˾үԺʮ궼ʶԼү࣬Ҳ档
ة˾վס˽£ҶСҲ֮վ£Ժڿȥֻ˴һ[ͷߣк⣬˫Ŀϸ·ʱ˫΢΢ζšһһۣţͷϴһëڡ
ةǶ˹˹֣Ц˾ҪŰ
˴˼׼䣬ŴҶСվһԣϸĿ[ϸشһĵλ˾үӦҲģ[˾ʽıعϵˡ
˾뿪ҶСĵضԶةλ˾ͭҲΪˡǺǣǰɹֻ֪ͨλǺҲ֪ǰ˵ϻô
ةǳƽʱ͸¶ʲôҶС챾סݣȴ˿ûΪةԾǷһ飬̹ʴͭʸĸ٣շУע飬˵˵ġ
ҶСвһ˾˵˽飬ȡϣȻʹЩϧԼû·óȻȥ˼Ҳ
ةһۣعԱ͸ϵЩҲΪ·ҶةͭʣӦҲΪɣûе֪ǰΪԣǲ׳µġ
ҶСة̸˳Ļة˵ǣ˵ͭʸֻʶøѧһλ֪ͣǰ˵ϻģٺǷ
ةһȻѧͣѧֻһλĽͣ˵ĪǾô
ҶСǴˣôة죿
ةλ͵ŮҶ˼Ȼϵͣβͨλ·ɶ
ҶСʵλ͵Ůȴ֪мŮ
ةʵһ㶣ֻһô
ҶСϱ¶һĨŹֵة룺λҶةʶ͵ŮмŮ֪ԼҲǶô׽ĹϵֺʲϽˡ
Ϊ˱ҶСΣة㲻ٶԣҶСͳţָ˴µķȥˣѾرգҶСվ⣬˼룬쳤̾һϧʵڿϧ
һ̲ס֪¾ÿϧ
ҶС̾ϢԵɣΪ˵Ҳϧʵڿϧ
ֻ޲˼Ϊǣϧʵڿϧ


40 
ֳơһƷĹ٣żҲԲְְģڸȷʵһķȨҶСǰæʱȴѹûŮȻλʵޡ
ԼϵҪӦ˵ĸѧҪæѾټˣͲҶСżȻ͵ʱŻϧ
ǰӵһݶãʱǾһ׮İѱҶСˣʱҶСҪЮˣˣȫΪҶС˵ô
ϧ͵ˣǴñǸҶСô˵أѵȥ֣ͨˣڰ˳գԴ˻ȡŭڵȡô
ûԸģ˵Ƕжĳ£ѿ
ҶСźظϵ£ҵ֪ɮˣҪڴסһԺ䣬ԼֻʮգͬʱһǮ֪ɮǰƮƮׯϵؾܾӷʩҪסڣЩס⣬С佨ڳǸ֮ڣȴҲ뾭أƺ쳾ס徻޹Ұ
ҶСӷŽһֻ֣ϸĿڵҷȱΪԸݴȺ㿪֮ţܲʩ㣬
ҶСһ˱ýһ徲µɮᣬжԺ䣬ǽߣͥԺҶСס֮Ƚˮԡһֻһ۱ȥԺɢ
һɢҶСһ߰˼⣺ǽ費ˣ֪ʱֻܼвУ˽ĿֻҪԤˣһ̫٣䲻ԹõǺأ
ҶС˼룬ʼղ䷨ͥԺ˼Ȧƣ˴ţǰȥҶСһߣϾҡ
ͭʳкҲǴ˿ڼ䣬ڼࡣҶСԷûʲôο̷ߣûеԼȥĵֻŲ͹۹⡣
۱ǰĽʯϷһֻ޴ͭһյƣ̲ݣζЩǺˣҶС컹δߵͽס˼ƮǰһƬҪ뿪۽һˡ
ҶС챾תȥæֹȥʱǰһת֮֮һˣΪۻ˿̶һȻǽƽ·ڼǸˡ
ǰʰ׶ϣЦģԱ߻һλʮ˵Ůӣľ˫ѣϵһҷӳȹͷ͸һŶ쵰ġ
С󻹸һСѾһӰȹԵú⸾ǰ˸Զƺͬˣƺֻһ߽ͬԺԷֱ档
ʱͭ¯е˳Ʈ˹ȥǰ֣̻һϸͻᷢһԼǰδȥ֣ȴθǰ˸ɸɾ
ҶС״вһۼ߽۱æҲ˹ȥ۱棬ͶĤݡθȥȡһ㣬ҶСվﶢţͼǰҲǰȡ㣬ûǸ˰۵Сһѣĵһ
ҶСʱƶ˱Ȼͬ·ҾǷޣǷޣϦദ˵ģαڴʱմЩˡֻȼ㣬ݲ¯ֺ˼Ϲˡ
θ˶Ĥݣ̬ʮϣ˾ͲȻˣűǸһλСĤʱ˹ں棬ߵݵĻᣬȥĺЬ͵͵һѣС˽һϽһȣЬصȹ¡
ҶСԹֱۣҪİоˡһԹŮЦЦƿ÷УŴ˽һĻһľ̸֮ǰһĻǶôϤ
ҶСУǰӴʱٲȻͻŴˣȴӶߺ˵ĿСȻСˣ˭أҶСǰֳк⣬򡭡
С˰˼ݣ˫ֺʲдʵһȥһǮæҲվ˹ȥСŵĵϷ֪ɮʲлĵڶСһȹգЬȵǰѥϣշţʮֵƤǰЦеǮ·˿δ
λ̫ţˣ
ҶСһԿͶأ͵ŮңֻһŮˡŮӵķٿʽҲ˸ŴҲûôɡ
ۼ˳˴ҶСûٸȥֻǻһԸȥСĶŮǷֻֿܶӣŻݣ
ȥҶСĴйһ󣬱ԼסԺᡣ˴ʱػˣԴҶСߣ°׷ˡ
ҶСԭ룬˵ҲͭʸһʲôԱóǸոչ꣬ѹһЩǷæʱУȴҲδǹ٣˵ʲôٻ˼ҵӵܣ£д˹
Ļ޿޲ɵص˾Ͷ˰ɣͭʸزģԭҲѰ

һ磬ҶС컻һ°ɫĽۣͷ˸٣һ֬ӣµһ˫кƤѥ뿪
ȻأȴֲԵҶСڱ뾩ʱ˼˼ֳȣӢòȵƣټϵţҲֹ
֪˵ӣڼ䣬һװӦõġҶС̸ϵ֪ţͶȥһ֪š
֪žԭϪ˾˾ʻ״ͨĹۡͬҶС챻Ժ䣬һ쾮һ䡢á
Ī磬ˡҶСһͷˣڽͷӶһƬһҶС˶ͣ׷
ҶСЩдģд۵ģģ廨ţͬǿԿ϶ǣЩ˶Ǹصĵط٣ͭʸģⶼǾְ
ҶСţȴЦǺǵģһȦҾһ߹ȥ¡ﾲƬ̣ٶȽͷӶҶСֱһˣһɫ۷ͷһڶ̵·ĸկ˾ү
ҶС£ҶС챧˱ȭʵλСֵĺܣδմ
ҶС칰ֵСܺةҶС죬λǣ
Ŷλ˾үЦһŤͷȥˡҶС˫ֻǰĪ룺ʲôëҶʶܵɣ
ʱһ˶ߵλ˾ү˵鶫֣˵Ǵɽ˾δȥķ֮ϣ֪˶Ҫһɵ
ɽ˾
ҶСŻȻѹλ˾үԼе⣬ԭǴɽ˾ġ
һӵĺ鶫صǰ͢ÿ겦µĿޣҴɽ˾ҲΪ֪˷ǣͬκǰϻϳ˵ӣʹ˰ֻ֪үˡ
ǻɫ۵ߡมһǴɽ˾¶Ҳ˵ֻȥ˰Լ˾ɲͬˣشƫԶȿ죬Ҳ˵أֻ`ȼˡ
ŵһ⻰Ͻӿڵ˾ô˼ݸЩ˰룬ƽͷ˾ǿ첻Ӧصزأλ˾үҲֻųһˡ
˰ɣ˾һ;þô÷˾ȥ˺հǲоȣ㿴ң֪ˣװԾأ㿴ҵӣõһӣ
ӳ˳ʯҮ˾ǰҲ˼˾λɽׯڶֵģʳľ֮ʳ֮⣬żɽ䣬ЩǮƣҵɽկڶĳһˡ
һʱ䣬֪ء١˾ү׷׼˱УԽ˵Խңģᣬ֪ǵݣֻ˵ΪһȺл
ҶС˵ٿԼãвͭʣǽʾ֭ģЩ˵ģ޲͹Լȥȼˡ
ʱһЦ˸λˣգǶ֪ſȥҿһԶΪͭʸġڡˣ
ˬʵĴЦһ޳Ѯ˽ͷɴñɫϵǰһԧ졣ҶСȻѽⲻλŴ١ô


41 
˾ʹɽ˾ĺ鶫ȷ׷վ˹ֵ֪ͬþò
֪ͬǿٰ֪ƶˮȣǴƷĹ٣ҶСһֱܶķ򰡣ҶСλƷġŴˡʱС
УɲЧλ֪ͬҡ׷ٸĻԻҵΪͬƷλҶС롣
ǣ֪ͬҲͬһ֪֣ݱȾһԼҪλͬˡһʱ䣬ҶС쿴Ŵͬ·𿴼һѰ׻ӡ
һι״ĹԱУӢѹӵҶСһ࣬ȺһĿǴͬһӾע⵽ЦȴҶС춢˸̰Ĺâ
ͬʱջһʶһа룺ǺˣΪΡΪôңͬɤӣ˹ֵλ˾ú֪Ѿˣλɡ
֪ݴ˲ѣҶС쿴ĵ⣬
ڹԱһѷظŴͬ˴ͬȻҶС컹Ĵɫǹ죬̲סתҶСʵλĺܣȴ֪մ
ҶС֪ţֻÿζ֪˽½Ӽ٣λ˲ʶһڨϴǰȥδЦ¹ٺةҶС죬ͬ
ͬɫغЩȫ룬а룺ĳزʶôȳʲôȴǲ䲻ȵطܵԭҶةʧʧ
ŴɽһһŴ̫ʦϴһ÷ɫϲȵ֦ӵĽۣϲȵƤϵķŵԲĹĵġӦõǰڹԱ£ֻĳշʣʵ߶Ͱǻլˡ
ɣɡ
Ŵʮ㣬һ˵ġ˷׷֪Ȼ£Ϊװң޷˭ƷߣҲ޷յλߵֻܾͽ
ҶС첻ϰߣֻ΢΢һ㶵ĹҵһλѾռˣҶСȻ򣬸ϽڶţϹȥʱڶλҲˣҶСֻٳţôԱһλȴſڵġ
ҶСӣ˿̽ͷһ߿˿ƻ˭һùһ̽ͷͿɽ˾λ֪գк鶫֪ŵһЬһѿҶСϽͷ
֪ҹƶ񤣬һʡ˰вһأ֮͢⣬дȱ֮ģ겦ãҲ⡣ȣʿأѾˣη䣬һա
֪䣬һλһͷ縳׵վ𣬹ֵ̫أҸѧԺǹѧһ̹ٸġվÿ곯͢еһʲԺ¹ٴ̫ѭҸѧ
ҶСһͣȥкŵʱƺûҲ֪ʲôʱðģȻ֪һλͿеġ̫ءָ֪ʿ˺ùţų֪Ϊ̫ء
֪û˵λ˾վصѧʲôǵһȵҪ֪ˣƽͷ˾Ⱥɽƣα٣˾Ҳֻųһˣɼ֮࣬ô飬Ȳڸѧƽͷ˾İա
ؿ˾мصѧ˳͢裬ͽڡоѧʵڣ۵̻ˡѡܣµһȵҪôĿУͱɲֵһˣ
˾ʥƣ֪ǣڰƤ̸ʲôǽ̻
͵ط̻Ϊȡ˽ֻ̻ƶƶΪ
һ۵˵ĺòûʣ㸮ѧнѧ֮޺֮ʵųһţǮȥˣ
һ죬ǿҸѧȻųһţȴ˾ˣѡΪԱ׿ɵʷΪةˣͭʸѧɲȻޣȴǺܸߵġͭʸѧʿſ̫٣ŸӦüӴͶǡ
ǡۡ롰֮ۡۿ˵ݶˣҶСΪ͵ѧΪͭʸѧߣɲòԮʦˡ
ҶСһվĳصλˣٿ಻ܿѧҾãе
ҶС쿶صνʮľˣһҪǿʢһطҪǿֻ˲żüòпܡ͸հԶ࣬ǿɾ壬ͬ͵
ҶС˵ţа룬ͭʣͰæԵģô˰˵ˣ⸮ѧվÿ겦һοǡֵˣȡЩ񲻸ˣԸͶұһǵԮҡ
ƨȫ
ԩҴɽ˾ĺ鶫֪վˣҹݸ˾ǧ꣬ʲôȭͷǵӣɲ鱾Щ˰һãȻǵʲôƨѧˣճԲҪ췴ģҪô죿ǵʥ˽̻ܽǹԹԻȥ𣿡
һڹԱ׷ӦҲЮ˽ҴԮ䣬ϻһתʼ֪߿ˮ̸εࡣ
֪үƵǶЦеģ˿Ϊ⣬ȻƵľѾǵһˣֺγǯһֶأ
ͬۼڹԱֿʼɹλˣǵѴҲȫָų͢ã͢ޣȼѾ⾿ôַҪһ³С
֪µĴָƤţһζڱǰǵűӰˡأҪָǵģҪһϿɵ³̲ǰҿòˣǾͲһ鱾İţ绪˵
֪ͬصǣ
֪ͬɤӣһֽһ긮ѧҪģǰɽ˾ϻһǱ˰˳˴˰վټһɡ÷˾ȥ⺵վټһɣʯҮ˾ɽʳվټһɡ
ҶСزûӣȾɣҶСһͼˣȡأ֪˶ƣͷǸģļԱڻϷɡ
ҪȻ˾͵ŮУôҲûеһ͡˾Ǹˣֶδʶûǰ˵ôҲ˵ô秵Ļֻɵģ˻ء
ҶСǰ˽⵽֪󣬾ûǰ֪ţغµĿ֪еĵλȻ֪ͬΪ֮ǵԼ档ǰȥֻ֪·Ҫ֪˽˵ʱ֪Ю֮Ҳ÷
ͬ䣬ҶС䣬¹پò׵ͬ˵͢ޣȼλ٣˶ٵģЩԱǺþͲɼ˰ɣԱ֮ٺ𲻼ֹ֮֮ͣʡѣԴزƣǵ
Һؾû⡣ȥΪ˷㻧͢ᳫףӦ߽һǮ˰һҺؾÿɾ׽ˣҪȼʱ¹֪겦Щգ
鶫֪˳صǾȼǾֵõǺ˵ôҶˣͷţҶһ˿׾֮ѽ
ҶСؿ֮ʲô˼Ҫұȡ˭ұҲҡΪҲܱ޳𣿡


42 һ
λ鶫ָ֪ҶС죬䳰ȷϮİգͷǶͷǺ˿ģ֬ϵıʯҵۻϹˣӴ½˫кƤѥò£͵öӰɣ
λԲһ֪ص֪һ˵ڹԱ׷Ӧơ޳ܡ
ҶСɫλ֪ͷʵǽġ
ۣ
ںȲ֪һڲˮǺ˳ָҶСЦڹԱҲЦֹ
ҶСһصλαطЦپʵͷȷһλʿġǮװûǮװ
仰һ˵ЦȻֹ
ҶСǮ±˵ţȻҪװˣأⲻҪҪӣ˼Ʋʵúܣٺ»Ųãһ벻ˣֻܿ䵱һƶϴֻʣһӣ˭ʱ˭㴩ţ͡
ҶС̧˲۽ǲڵᣬڹԱֻĿɿڴҲ̫޳˰ɡǶ˵Լϴһųһ⣬ʵ޷޳ܵ˵ȫֻʣһӵĻ
ҶСôûһ£ҪɹͳΪ̫Ǯ±˵ˣд绪̿ЦҶСҶة֪ǰͲҪ˵Цˡ
ҶС֪ͬ¹ûѰͭʸɣ¹ɬֻƽ·˵ӳ伢ΪʡǮֻܽסڴ
绪ɫʱһ䣬ҶСֻڴ£δػʲô뷨ƽ·ںϵⰵʾ̫ˣ绪ҶСһۣ֪˼䡣
֪룬ѷֵ°͵˵㣬λȻ飬ǱͲǵٺһ£Щˣ°ɡ
ҶС΢΢һЦֵ¹ٸˣЩ˷ֳɵĹԱʧ֪Ȼô˵ˣҲüֻּиˣǰʲô飬Ҳݺ˵
ҶС֪ţʩʩȻԼոմнӹͻҶة
ҶСȣתӣͼӸＱϳ˹ȻǴ֪֪ͬͬһҶС죬һߺЦةΪ£ٸո֪˼Ժ׵豾Ϊ㰲Ÿס
֪ͬ˵ѾߵҶСߣɫȻһ䣬ѹôӣȻҶٵң
ҶСʹˣ¹ٿе徲סϼҲ޷ѹЦеصˣ¹ҸٴˣЮ˽ԴĿġ¹ٱȥ˽ְݷ͵ģ·ƽ֡ڴеһĻҲΪ¹ǰޣɺϰ
绪ɫɲ޷ȷҶСԾǼ٣Լ˽Ѿ֪ȴȷɵˣ绪ô
ҶС̹صҲ˵˾Ϊ¹ٲҷͬţЮ˽ҲǾΪҶĳԴأЮȴΪá
绪Цô
ҶСϿҵص¹һ⣬¹ٿüⲻᱻ˿ԺõСЩǡ
绪ؿ
ҶСһɬصʵξȣܣټɲǿӦ¹ٵһ⣬ܹ֪ǰΪ¹Լ䣬¹ҲǸмġ
绪Цһ̸
绪ߣҶС컻һС˳ݵǷЩʲôţǧǵþԲ¹й¶
绪һת˻ҧгݵص㾿Ҫô
ҶСüصˣ¹ȱǮţ
绪Ҳ㣬Ϊ·ǰɹͨߺ·ȡһݣ졣
ҶС˲Ԯְ
绪Ҳգ꣬ٸӻһɣİ˳Σ
ҶС˳ʵ̫٣꣬ĳɣǡǡá
绪޿ܣó˱ܹ֧һɣ㲻Ҫôߣ
ҶС쳤Ҿ˳ȫ
绪˶ţ˰ˣųɣԲٶˡҪȻһɢֻѣҲĲ㣡
ҶСһʹ಻ģΣҧҧˣ壬¹֪ܲˡ
绪ɫһҶСǾ͡ټɰɡʵǲˣҪȻ¹ɷĲȡĻȱ㼤ң¹Ҳл˵£¹پˡ
绪ֱü۵ؿҶС죬һ޲ôҧĵԣţ˻֣ˣͬȥԾΣ
ҶСʹ绪ŤͷһͼỺһˣ΢΢ζ·ҪˤƵģԲڣ˫ĿϸҶСʹ绪ͬʱüͷһ
ߵǰشҶСһۣ֣λǣ
绪ЦݿضҶСҸλǸľ٣ĳֵͬܡ
绪ļȵصϵܣλǺةҶС죬ĳҲǺֵܡ
ǣԲǣ
ҶСϽȻҶС죺˷Ӧôǿң
ҶСЦƲ֪ͬʵ̧̫ˣ¹ְ΢λ˳ֵܡ
˲ƺģΪ֪ͬǸλҶةҲδ룬ˣĳͬȥԾưɡ
ҶСæ¹ٻ飬ʵڲܵ飬иˡ¹磬֪ͬ١˵ֵ֪֪ͬͬ¹и֮£˰
棬֪ͬ˵ʲôֻΪѵصǼ£ĳˣֻҲҪ̫ϣʵΪˡ
ҶСǣͣ¹پ
е۵ؿŴ֪ͬԡšֵܹسԾȥҶСص˴£ϸϸ˼һ֪ǵ飬϶ûЩϮͭ˾֪зأ֪չǲܵġ
֮⣬ͭΨһˣ͵ǿܸѧȡһʿӣԼҲܣΨһϣֻܼλ֪ͬϡ
λ֪ͬаѱϣܷӶδ֪ʵ֪ͬİ첻£Ҳ⵹ΪǸŮ͵ŮΪк档
˼ŮڣһŮѰٻģǾ°֪ͬҲǳ׽ӣʲôôδ˲أֻ㲻ô֪ͬ˴֪ͬŻȫԸ
֪ͬôأѾˣҪٶɣ˳ٵ⣬ﲻĿꡭ
˼ȥҶСЩϸд£ڣͻغأִ£ɲҶеҪл֪Щ׼źáŽȥҶСţȥоɢһϢ


43 
صڴϿգʹĺɫԵЩį˴ֺӣһ£Ƴҹ˯ߣĺ飬ڤ
ҶСϥϣһǼǵƺҲЩˣüĿׯϵģµɮǼˣⲻҪ̾һӴл۸
л۸ҶʿǶԺ֮ȥȴǷ淨󣬶һööĿ׷֡Ψһϣڴ֪ͬϣ֪ͬܲܰʹҶСްա
ǹϵÿʵʵڵ棬ԾŪЩıֻߺ֪üЦȡֵģ֪ͬ鲻ԸİܹõȥһĿ˸ˡ
ҶСڴΪǮʱ򣬺Ҷȴǿò֡ҶĶǸկıկɽĳλ
סɽľɽ䣬סںӱߵľͺʣȲɽҲˮľЩӰ˵ҶС첻ڼңﲻգЩ͵廨ţķʽҲ廨ţʵڲݾܾ
ոպܿ˵һ䡰Ҽүڸ»°ûҼүϾɽܴܡûĻشȻˣСȶүظʱۼݷãˣ˵һתرȥ׷׷ϡ
Ǵկǰ׷ƮƮһλϣŸչΡΡķ·ӭ͵ίͼ䣬ͷ£Ŷ䣬ӵصʲôǰǰϷʮˡ
Σⲻ겻ڵģЩ˵Աͼ䴫ԣҶةȥͭʸ֪ؾȫҶةЩȻΪ˶
Ϊܼĸʾݡ˵꣬һ˫ˮĴ۾ȵطʵãǸأǲأ
ëǰֵظһźƤⷬԻֱɤӵհﲻգ˵ʱ˼㲻գһҪ˵ģƤȥ̿˰
Ʒɼ﷢صﲻΪѣ°ɡĹҲҪկͷֲ֧£Ȼѳõģʲô׵ģǣ
⻰ͷһůһۣ΢΢ͷȥġѾܵ˻Ʒɶ⣬ֻһ뵽Լ곤ڻƷɣǼ޹˵ĸˣԱ
ëؿӻƷɣĴָתһ룬ץһźƤƤԼãƤ͸ҶСӺˡƷһ˵ګڿڶУëжɵġ

ɽ´һλģǶƺںȲ裬ÿһɽǰҶݷõˣļݣɶڦҶС֤ݣֻҪ߷ģ˭ȥּء
ҶլǱ岻ңңľ鷿顣鷿ǱкòƣҶұΪҶС˭ҶҶСȴȥͭʣҪʱˡ
ͻȻһֵòСˣϯʱãս⡶Ůľӣݵ䣬ȤԳĲѧţڿֲ÷ζңңĽζ
ֻС˶ıƺȤ°ͣŴͥԺеһ滨ֱ޲ԼΪѩ׵滨˶һ˫ĿΪҡ
ԺȻһýӰϱһԹһǻƷɡƷɿɲëһ㲻֪أڸկƷûдȡһ
ëǰźƤ͸ҶСӣƷۿҶСһƷźƤҶСҸеۣƷɶɽΪİŮһֻ
ǱۿŻƷɺɹȥкȻһӽҶСİ취ɫ๴Żɱ׽ԹϮɱҶС죬ǲǾͲίˣ
뵽Ǳ΢΢һ£ǣһ˿صЦݡֻһЦҹ꼻ȻţɢϯʧЩ䡣
ңңΣʧ룺Ī˴ʶ
ңңʱ񣬽ӿڱеׯأʱʱڼСдϴʱĪܣⲻңŮŮһ˲Ǵҽϸ˵㣬Ҫϸ
ѹЩεصԶԶԣһЩˣ͵͵һۣٸ⣬˼ȫδעʧ룬Ȼʧ

֪ͬһ綼һصģǩѺǺƣλ֪ͬүЦǺǣ¶⸱ģʱ˼Сģɨķβ
ûȷã֪ͬҴ뿪˸ãϻԼĸۡмҶǼԼүˣæʩ֪֪ͭµĹʮ֮߰ҲԭССĲ˾Ϯλ֪ͬҲǡ
ϾסͭʳĹزЩկӹشͳ˾ʩǣЩͳ˾˼ңһ̲뿪㲻̧ͷһۡ
֪ͬҴҸϵԺ䣬ֱ߿Ժ䣬ԺſڵĴȻ˳ֵأǴ֪ͬȻ裬ɴ֪ͬ˽ȥԺ᷿гȣǰȺãַ
֪ͬһգƵľ棬ս鷿鷿һСݸɵһ飬һƷһ߿飬״С̧ͷ֪ͬ΢ɫʵôô磿
֪ͬ̾˿һԵ£صһ鷳
СɫһʵĪо
֪ͬҡͷ԰صģ޹ҵܣҸһ鷳
С˿΢΢üʲô鷳ˣӰҵĴưɣ
СͭãϴֱգҲû֪˭ڲȴպʶԶʶ֮Ӧ˻࣬Ϊǲݴ짣ӼϴعʸЩ
֪ͬҡҡͷҶС˽ԴҪЮΪȡ˵һ飬Цڸÿ˼գҲδð취Ϊȡ̸װ
û˵ҪմЩҸˣƫȥһ죬Ů˶Ƥϡ
֪ͬЦ԰˾Ҳô
Ȼ˾ãȴ˴£˾ãĸ˵ģ˽Ю֪ͬõ𣿡
֪ͬ˷۶㬵ز˵ˡ째ź룬ͻȻ˫һȡôǺǣϷã㲻ɴ£ɼعٶĲ
֪ͬɣ첻ͬ⡣
΢ЦȻӦҶСΪˮɽ֮أ
֪ͬһ짵ΪˮɽͷʹѣҶСΪ£˵᲻ö
֪ͬҶСˮɽˣ
짵ܣǰаæͺˣ
绪ǲҪˮɽһ´ôôԡ
绪˵һ룬짵ظ飬ĿڵˣǴ³֮𣿡


44 ѵ
֪ͬ˵Ͱ죬һȥ죬ڱˣ¹ϸ˼һҹ뵽һȫİ취Ĺ˿˵ˡ
ŴӸ𴲣СѾ̺ϴ·ûͷҲûأͷɢľһԲĲͷϿһٷֵ֪ͬⷬص㻹뷨ȥˣգԭȥء
֪ͬһСѾӹˢӣĨϴӾǡ巼իвҩƵۣڵŴһϴˢˢһߵͭʸǻϣǬٶϵȻûģϾǳ͢ҪǺس©͢׷ָɳ¾Ҫܵˡ˵Ȼ£ϵôһ㣬ҶСϾǳĸȥһ£͵ĺܣҲڴ̫Ϊ
ɫĭ˳Ŵӵ·ƲɫĺӣŴŰΣò׵ˢˣһѾнӹˮڣץëͣŵ˵Ҳе֮õΣ
֪ͬ˲վźڴ˻ϣټɡ
ոյ۾֪ͬѾ˵عԱȻ᲻ǴҲϾ˾Ҫиӵġ
ɻصʲô
֪ͬҶС첻ĸôںظɵķˮ𣬴;ݴ˶貦ͬʱҶСҪһ飬ǾƽϢˮɽ֮
üˮɽǱʺͿ˾Ϸû취ҶСܳɣ
֪ͬЦص첻ɣȻǰձţԴϲóɣ鷳£ɣʲô˵ģȻΪ˹ʣҪ£عԱ˭ëԼҲԸᡣ
Ŵ룬ԲĶƤãֻҶСӦô
֪ͬԸµص޷¹ٿȥһ㰵ʾ²Ѱ죬ֻ֪չˣҪһɣƽϢ֮ڡ
Ŵãȥգټع¡

֪ͬŴӣֱ£ȥҶС졣
ҶССڱ֮гġּѺĶڿ׷̰٣һ黫ޱȣۼСףΪ˺޳ԼЩ£ǸУÿÿƵҶСͬķģԹ԰Ȱ¡
һϵһʶƣҶСڴ۶գرƣ۶գغˣ֪ͬⷬҶСοš
ˮɽд鷳֪үû취ԲŰƵϣˮɽʲôأطû˵ϾǴ͢£ȻʲôìܣӦҲڶǹգ
ҶС찵˼ţ绪˽ģ֪ѾͬˣҲġԸ⣬ǱپҲܰȡȥľųɲٶһǮҲûУ
ҶСô˵Ҳֻɻҽˣ֮ǣӦֺη
˴֪ͬҶСˮɽ¶ܲƽ޹ʵϽ˵⼸پʵֻڹٳЩ˲Сǲ׽Ӱ£ǿдֻܵ෹̸ʣĲοֵ˵;
ﵹǿ̣ҲΪѧı󲦿ŮΪĹϵıôһϵԼĶ࣬һй¶
˼ȥҶСֻӣȵ˻ʰ񡱣֪ˣʱڣԴʵ
գ֪˸ظȡĹԱϷүһףɴ֪ͬ˵
֪ͬصѴ֪үҲ㶼ǣκɸΪ֮һô࣬˭飬˿¶ƽ֪ү
ڹԱʱһͦȫע֪ͬ÷˾ʯҮ˾ƶ񤣬վţ˾֮ųɷţ˾۳һ
֪ͬڹԱ˭֪˽һ׮ĸ󻼣Ϊͣõء
ڹԱ׷׵֪ͬʲôĸ󻼣Щۻȴûзʣ¶˼飬ȻѾ뵽ʲô
֪ͬ񳴶Ƶ³֣ˮɽ
һڣ϶ʱѻȸڹԱ˷ҶСԹۣ˷ӦЩĻ⣬ۼ䳡˹ͷһˮɽ鷳ĻҪذ
֪ͬңʵ֪λԸ棬֪˷أ
һƬ˽ڹԱͷӶ׷ҡͷȻǲͷ֪ͬ˶ϳ棬ҶСĵݸɫҶСһվĳԸ֮

ԱߵĴɽ˾鶫һЦüëһһƲӲмطת˰ȦԸزүǷ׷壬·̫ӵ߽Ŀ;¡
Щ˵شµ൱ǵūǮͽ㲻ŽأҲԷַȥ֮ĿҶСٰǮ䲻ȥˣҲƴġ
Ŵӷγһ⣬οؿҶС죬Ͳѿ˵һ䣺֮Ҳˡ
ҶС쿴飬ﲻе㷢ëɣĪ֮ǣ

ҶةȥˣȻвʲô˵ģǾӧģˮɽǱʸû壬ƶҶС첻ɹҲؼһʱֻʧܡ˲Ϸˡ
ҶС״ϽΣŴӵ֪ˣˮɽʲôˣ¹вң¹ٶˮɽһҲ˽⣬ǲһλͬ¹һͬǰˮɽ¹ٽ˵ϸ
ҶСŴ֪ͬеص¹پã֪ͬǺܺʵѡ
绪һϽѵΪ֪˷ǣȻԴֻǱʵ߲ͬҶةǰˮɽѡѾˣйˮɽ˵һЩ飬Ҷة
ŴЦеصǰǰˮɽѡѾѡס
ֺֻƣžžžƣ±һˣһһĲˡҶСһĲߣ΢ΣϸĿڣ١
ҶС찵룺ȥˮɽǴ֪ͬǸ͵ˣֻϷŹʵ
ҶС쿴˿һ˵룺˾ֶ߯Ҳͬ顣
˿ԾԾԵҶС죬룺˾ӡ÷ٲѪ֮ˡ


45 ǰɽ
ҶСǱ֪ϳ˸ۡһţͼͬǰˮɽѵڸˣЧʵ̾Ϊֹ
֪ͭϮ٣ճ͢ġߣֻҪ쳼ְ͢رϮԼڽ𣬶ܼ𼶹կĸֺ˰գļսױְԱ
ˣ֪ıŴʵ֪˽֪˽ҶСˮɽ˾൱֪ɳʹˡ
ӹְϿƷһЩ¼ҶСǵȻ쵼ˡһ£ȥˮɽ׶༪٣˭˭ͲҶСһе
ҶСܾ֪ôż뿪ΪˮɽǱѾ˺εȵزΪ֪˽ˮɽ֮󣬻޵Ĳǰȥ
ҶСԼִ˰ǣͬһǳϿҵ̵ˮɽʲôط﷢ʲô¶ˣ²ߴͽ̡
ҲҶС첻ѶϢҶСȫʡĵͼûЩط˵Ҳδظ巽λҪ˵ǰӡʲôˮɽˡ
ˣҲˣں˲֪˲ͭʣһЩˣ󲿷˶δ˵ҶС֣ÿ˶ٳ䶯ġ
ƽ׵ôһֺõĲʹкòգϾҲҪˮɽһУЩҶСҲʡ֪ǳǳʲô¶ǣԼǶҶСʵˡ
ˮɽλʯ˾Ϫ˾֮䣬Ϫ˾ͭʸʯ˾ʯ丮ˮɽʵϾǴĽλˡˮɽʢɰɰϣҩģˮǼҪĿ
սʱڣһһλѸ壬ΪռһɰԸɵйʼʶǳΪһ̨
ʱ˼ϡ˼λοʹսΪһɰִ۳ûɱ棬Ӷ˼ϡ˼طΪ˸˾ɴ˿ɼɰ֮
ˮɽɰĳʵܴ󣬵ǶԵطϵС˾˵ѾһɽˣˮɽĹȴһʺͿˡ֮ɹ壬Ϊ˾ŮҲм̳ȨЩŮӳ޶תơ
ͨ˼һߺ˹Ա֮Ůӣ檣޵൱͵Ǽͥ˽вƲ˾ȻȢλˣʵۿȢλһ
Щ˵ĵλȻѷޣȴҲԶ檿ԱģӵкܴȨɣӡҲ࣬Ҫ˵𣬾ӡ˵ӵȼ̳Ȩ
ӡ˻ˣǳԹ˼ңҪԹ󣬾ͻ޺ܶණ̳еأ˳һЩڲͬ˾֮䵹ȥŵžͳһʺͿˣˮɽˡ
ҶСüͷ˵˰죬ԭǡͥƲסԵѶϼ£Ѷϸѹ֪ҲͷʹҪѽΪĽ
šüͷԸصˮɽǱ˾һչңһҡ
ҶСﲻһչǹط崫ǧֳ֦꣬簲ңڹжʮհ˾ȻһңڸԸȴδضˮϲǲ
չҵʷ䲻ƾ೤չ˾ҲӦеİգȴ֪˵չǲչļ塣ҶСĻʵ˵չңǺųư˴֮һǸչң
̾ǣ˼ֵֺ֪αطء
ҶСһϲû뵽չҾȻԼҪȥĵطȥ˵лˣʱʲôδҶС컹Щˣʹϲ̵ص
ˮɽߣҲλ˾һǹңһλڼҡ
ҶС˵ңһңǹ˵ļɣǿԩ·խˡֻǼѾЩͷҶСûдĻ
Ҫ˵ⳡ׵Եɣǿɾˣ˵ٶǰʱˮɽڼңڼҵϵһֻһŮ޸չңˮɽΪױչҡ
ֹ˼ʮ꣬ҵĵϵһֻһŮŮ˾λŮ˾û¼ޣ׸ţأչҵСӾ׸˹ңչҰˮɽΪױӴֹ˹ҡ
ʮǰҼŮˮɽΪױתңҼ֮ǰѾȢһλӡˣչҵģһӡλӡ˲ź󣬲Ȣ˹λŮӣλŮҲΪһӡǰλ˾ˣôˡ
ҶСͷ綷ֲô߰ĹϵãȻʵʲô⣿
˾䣬ûΪӣӶм̳ȨȻճڣȻճӼ̳˾֮λĴҲȨַأοڵӡǴӵĸȻҪΪԼô
ҶС컹һͷˮǲôิӵĹϵǿסͭʸϪ˾ߵǹҺڼңˮɽǱ߹ʯ丮չҺңҲͭʸƨ£
ҶСʣǺĺܡأճ˾̳ˣλ˾УˮɽĲƸ࣬Ȼ÷ָԼͬĸֵܡ
ӡǴӵĸףȡӡ˸ģʬδ治ТֲԸˮɽĸ˼ҡ
ҳӵĸ˼չңչҵȻҪԼ˵ˮɽչҵΪױ޵ҵأշתңǵȻʸʡ
ǴǹҵģҵȻҲҪԼ˵ˮɽֱӹ͸ҵģʲôɲùҵ̳УһҡչҡҾ˷ʱֲһӡ
ҶСزʲô£
ʯ丮ǲҵķ֧ƫ˵Ͼͬһڡֵ־ףҾǲֵĺûᣬڳͣ
ҶСдʣ죬˵ˣˮɽиڼҺ͹ңˮɽǱиҺչҡֵ˷ֱǵľ˾ȭϴҵչ϶ҵչҲ֣ǲ
ȻҶةȻϻ۹ˣˡ
ҶСߵصǹͭʸƨѽʯ丮ǱҵģͭʸҲǹҲһ֪ù˳͵ˣǲӦǾùһһ˵֪αӲҪ֣
һ˹صΪ߻һϪڼҡ
ҶСɻصڼҲǰͰˮɽΪױ޳ȥôڻڼʲô¶
˵͸ˣλ˾λ˾йϽȨġ֪֮ͭͭʸص˾ǶҪĹϽЩС˾δֱ֪ڱĴ˾Щ˾֪ô
ҶСڹݾˣԴ˵Щסֹϵеķ⳼ƣַ⣬λΪӣϵֻڵȼ֮䣬Խ
Ҳ˵ҵķķֻҸ𣬲㣬Ҫ㸺ҲҪĸǿλ˾ŷ͵һͺ˵ֹϵҵĸӹĸӹҵĸӹ
ҶСͷչЦ׾ͺãϪڼͭڼҵλ˾ϣϪڼҵضͭڼҵģ˵ͭڼҶˮɽûֱӵӵȨ˭ӵˮɽ˭Ӧλ˾ף
ҶСף
ˮɽ˾Ҳͭʸǹʯ丮ôأԭ˼˼ݰ˸ʱûģҶһӡϡ
ʱˮɽ㣬ɹˣڸ˾Ͽƣͭʸʯ丮ָй˾͵أڼҲҾˮɽûô
ҶСֱؿϷ·иϺƵˣǰɽɽиϺСϺиСн£ǰɽɽиϺС


46 Ȼ
ˮɽһɽ꣬һɽϣۡͷŮũڵջĿ
ǴΨһһûƽԭ֧ŵʡݣСɽһˮһ֮˵ڵ⣬γˡһɽļʮﲻͬ족
ƶ񤣬ӣڷܵͶӵĻ³ַǵĴǣ˸ӦػĸʽͬţķһǴȡθķʽ
ֻũһصǶӣθܼʮϰǨ㣬ǵѡӵصʱѿǵ⣬չկӵĵصֲɽ¾Ͷܽ
һƬɽϿѻġֲ½Ǿ͡ġתƵһƬɽϼջĿѵأ÷½ɽ»ָľֲȴٻ
һƬɽѾ꣬رƶˣͻոѿĲݺ͸ոճۻƵĹľճ˺ɫĻҽֻҪٷѻҽȥܼǿʹΪǽʳıϡ
ʱԶмʮƥɽ߼۶ջĵĻӿȥһƬںڵЦտİǾִԶֻһɫӭƮ˾е¹ȵˣǹҵˣ
죡ͷˣ

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˵ɽߺɽǱ߷ǰղںϵɽİսǺеģչկ¹ƽصĹϵҲֵܷĿչҺ͹Ҹƫҹϵʱгͻ
¹ȵͻȻʮƥڵģѵݴŶһ߲ƣϾлͭ࣬ԶϢ
۳ңƬ̹͵˽ǰһ¹ȵʿƤޣЦƤ޶Ƶһžһը죬һϺ㰧浹£ƤްƤѪģ
չկũ˷ŭˣũ߳ȥֻǸֵصũõһЩũߣЩ⺷ʿĶ֣ЩʿγȻ֣ȴġ
ˮɽµչկչϼϽһկΪҳͻңչҳѲӣչëԼʮ׳չկ˿ͷ˼͡
ɽϾѶܼҵײײشУصͷͷˣҵˣջĵˣ
ͷչ̸Цһ⻰һټ׳ƴˣ
չĿһͷټɽ˵ղͷ˻ش㼲ãƬ֮ʮչ£һ·̳ɽ
ǣؿţߣƥۿĺܣǱǣȴһͷ¿Ƶģʵڲɱ
ǿɽ̻֮¹ȸϹġչկ˿ĵƬɽѾˮɽ˭֪Ҫڴ˸֣Ҫ͵͵򶴵ڿߣҪڴ˸֣ҲҪǸߣչһɫ
ջĵũ񱻴ñˣũҲƻˣʱɽһ᳾ʮɳ۶Ҫ뿪ѭɽһͼһԣϱ㷺ɱǣٽѵѵչԮǾͻɽԾȥ
ҵ׳Ӧ׷װⰰɽ³ʿӭȥһͿģ˫ֻҪһ̽żܴϣߺһҲʹӭȥ
ȣ
չǰ棬ҵʿиԶľһһźӰһزõֶչ¿ٽӽһӰХžžը죬ʿҺˤȥ
չһгַɿһ̽հһʿסһǸʿʱһʿ˴չһְ̽γﬡһ˺ݺݵײһ
ʱչչʿ¹ȹҵ׳Ѿսһ𡣸һֲ֣¹·磬پ˲չկˣûôǿ
ʱһŮ绢绨ǰƲɵһһֳޣԶսӲˣչҵչʱ׹չұˡ
ЦһٴһƫȾʹ󲽳˹ȥչոջҵʿͼһɽһХʶرһȥ
һܹһչµȻһ˻͵չ֪˫ȼæ룬һԾ˫ſأ䡱һˤڵء
˫ڵϣȭڿУһȭĶϣƥƥչܾãۼɱչС죡
չλδԾб޾ͺХһ˫ȣ漴һԾ˫һմأ߾٣ͳȥ

˫ȱ޽סŲæԭ˸˫һôʵһţƤӾȻӲϣŲæ񱳿еĴ󿳵ﬡһչЦŮˣ㲻ҵĶ֣
ȥգչ߳һеһ㣬òңȴн͹ɵĲչζ

ıײ𣬱ܼĵۻ룬ȴԶչˣչһչζʧȥƣһʱս˸
Ÿߺ;ŵΪչССʧ˹æͬսһˣһɱֻվԭСƶһʮݣȴҲ·硣
鷴Ӧĳٶ֮ǰս뷽չ絶һսЧ࣬һʱȴҲ޷
ʱչկĴͷѾ˰׳Ҵɽͷûҵȱկ׳ȫټϣչСѾɽˣĵչСʲôʧ˾
һչԮɽĿѴҲھо޵͵ػӾһƥչ;ŸߡŵӲȿȵߣɽ
ȷߣͨ飬ҵˣչĿϸݣһƥչұ
սˣƹˮɽԱߺХһɱһǻӭչһٶˣͷһĺӣѮཡ׳ͷҴ
ϲ磬ˣ
һߺȥһ߽еΪȭ֡
ЦãֵչСƤܻ׽ȥ
ޣǵĴΣչ߳һҲʾձݺȥ
˵⼸Ϊһд۸ӵݹϵϵܻҡ˵ӵչ׸ңּ֮ŮҵϵۣչıֶȢչҹﱲۣչıˡ
չҺ͹˫ֱͨݵֱۣչı硢ѹҶСʶ޴ʱЩѧΪ˳ϵҶ֣ϵҵ塣
չҺҵսһ𣬽·硣չۼƲҪձһ죬ɱһҲǻɫмȻǶһ֡
һŨüŷƵʹһ棬󺰵Сùãֶ㣡
˱չʮ꣬ѾǸʮˣϴһε˾۴ԳչΪŮҲԳչΪСãҪչȻС
չҪձˣһһ֧Լߵˣʱϲȵ֣·ϵ
۴ֵۺ죬ආҺսһ𡣺졢졢ֵĻ塢ֵĻ壬֧ս˸ѽѷ֣Щ»ֱܷѡ
ʱҶСѾϵˮɽ£ɽһ棬ȫɽѾһ࣬չҴڴ󷢴
ҶСɽҲ࣬ˮҲ壬ɽˮţ·߻ͯǣţжѽѽȻɵӣȴǱһҰȤ֣˴ˮɽ
ٵǣ
ҶСһȻЦҿ˴ɽˮ㣬δ˽ŵĵزҴ˷ͣ˵пΪ
ҶСֹ̫ۣһĻʮִϵʱѾӹˣ֮ҲѸٻָȱɷԼĵطȻǷǣ޸Ҳرǿ
ٰƲƲ죬ĵ˲ܵʱ򣬶Ǻܰġ
Զһկӿ˿ҶСҶةڼկˣǾסȥкʲôᡣ
ҶСԴ˲ΪȻҲþܾٱ߰˸ּСȥҶСطԸǵˣǶЪϢЪϢɡ
ӱʿ׷Ȼһָɽϼˣ㿴
ҶС̧ͷһͼɽͻȻһɫģԾսʿɽȥɽϴһɫģдͻȻð˷˻ȥһʱźɱ𣬾ҷɣŵʱټɵĿɿڴ


47 ˮɽ
տտƮŶƣ·޻һϪˮϪˮ޻һһ˺飬лԭһɰ񣬵ͻȻ𣬰״ˡ
ɫĵɽȥɽͷŻɫĵؾɱһšҺܿӵɽһ棬ɽϾһĿӣڵɰģؿ⧲⵽ֻܽڽڰˡ
ؿӵկ׳ƽֻжʮˣսţһҲֻΪӦͻɽģΪ۴ﲢδ뵽ֱӹɽ
ɽѾǣ浽̫෽棬˭óȻԿɽ֣͵ڰˮɽһɽĿǰССֵĳͻݱһսңû˭ҳеķա
ǣڼկȻĺȻԿɽ˹ؿկ׳ֵסɽȥԭӻկ˾ϸոܵɽͷֺɽչźķɱһš
ɽؿ׳㶣Ҳ˲÷ǰֵһĻζ𣬱ڼկɽڼկռǵĿɽ
۴һͼˣĻйһϸ£ֵܷĿľˮɽɽռȥֵܻʲô۴۸ߺؿɽɱ
ͬˮɽԼһڼկûռ˿ɽҲһź챾ɽ档ֵܷŻһ˿֣ϺϱһֵǽꡣϽǷΩ
ֵһɽչҲʱȥڼկûٵоҲջ
ڼկկڸ˳챾կ˳ɽ׳ոռɽɫڸߴĴɱ㷴ˣڸ˳νзչ͹ʲҲսź󣬽Щֵסˡ
ǹҡչҡλֵܵĲ²ͬ·ˣǸղսлˣĻԹߣڹڼկʱ򣬱˴˼ºֵ±㳣зĴɺڼկɻս
ҵ졢չҵĺ졢ҵֻ졢ټڼկ죬嵽¥ϣ˭ռƸߵ㣬һ󻶺ʿ񣬵ɽͷô졣
ս¥ͻȻһ죬һ󺺷εĹˣڿսɶʱ㵵ֹͣսŵֻǼңôðһ죿
ʱѾ˵ͻͶı־ֻЩɽկûиɹ£һʱ֮û뵽ȥɹΪҪһ
Ƭ֮¥ֳһˣһˣչ͹Լͬصɴ۾˴һ°ɫۣͷ̳ɵ٣һ֬ӣһ˫кƤѥȻһվǷǱá
ҶС츺¥ϣȵȵ񣬺ôĵӣΪĿΪ˿ɽŹ壬Źú
ҶС˼ȥҪֹŹƽϢףֻĹԱݣìܴӹٷǶڴˣпΪѴµĻΪ֮֮ףǰˣҲˡ
ҶС˵ţĿеɨţѹǹߣվȺȺһ㣬ҶСһ۾ͿĿһʱһĹȻǹĲ䡣
һҶС죬_ĿȵҶС죿㣡Ȼ㣡Ҷģ·㲻ߣ㴳㵽ĳҵĵ̣ҿ㻹ţ
ҶС찵п࣬çڣֻ»ͣͻһۼŹһȣЩɧҶСȵʲô˳͢٣֪˴Ϸһ񣬼˱ٲ򲻰ݣҿڿԣپͲܰô
˶ʱһϣг͢͵ĹԱݣָ£ҲҪ̳еģǸ¹ٹݷڹٳϣǸƽͷգҶСǻԶԡ
ҶСס˹а⣬һһɨȴһ۾ͿչҶСһϲȻյ
ǳ͢٣˿֪ͭ˽˵ģһֱȻݣŷֵ֮ͣһǣϵ˭ṫƽϣֻҪǳˡ
ҶСϽϲɫչһɫչۼɾ棬һѵиƿԣкòϲҶС˸ɫչϲһ۶
չ۶׹ҶСʱһӴҼ۶أòˡԡǡûҵ˼ɣҶСո뵽չѾϲϲǵػС硫
һ𣬾һӷ۳չڿӿһ䣬ܵҶСߣϲصС磬˴˵أ㡭ҵô
һ·ܹʱҶСϵؼüŪۣκչֻעŵˣûעɫҶСпЦѣȴҲް취չϸ緢Ҳչˡ
չȵһУ±߶ʱףֳ۴лϲҪһˡȴеҶ˰ɣҶСչ岻ͣƫ۴ƫչģҲҪˮɽ£Լ
ӦԣҶСȵסڣԻڣˮɽѵͭʸ£ٷ֪¹ȸ֪ôսׯկɢȥֻ˵˵̣ϣ
ʱչҲ׹֪Լʧ󣬸鷳Ͻ첻ԡҶСһԸʮ֪ױվڿͷѳì׼ˡ
ݶϣȻûˣҲ֪֪Դ˾Ǹʲô̬ȣô˵Ϊ֮ͭҪӵġ
ǣ˷׷Լڣ뿪ߵڼկկڸ˳ΪգλկͲ󣬶ʮͣҰĲʱ
һ׼һˮɽֻҪվ˽Ÿҵķˣڼռˮɽļȶʵ
ʱǶ䣬ռݵǴ˾ڼҲûеʼղȷȦ˾ʮҲδشףôڴڼˮɽͿȫˡ
˭ϰ;ɱһҶС죬һ֪ƣĺ¡ҶСǻ棬һɨ˰£
ҶС⣬ҪڴҪռݵһɵˣҪռסֻܴӹٳǶȷӣռݴݡűȵһĹɢ˲٣㻻ϹۣϷݰա
ǧǰҶС첻Ųæ¡ñϹѥȡྲơرƣһվʮӳ״һţҶСһ鷽ʯһǰɽ˹á


48 ѭѭ
˼ҶСװǻƣ
ԭٵĻ԰ף˾£һٶСС˾Ǻó͢Ĺְڼӣֻ˭ȭͷ󣬳͢پֻüβˣҲᣬڨڨĺûӣλҶˡ
ҶСʯϣҰ׻λȵˣվǰ
ȣǰһ󲽣صҶСΣ۴ڸ˳չͷˡչҲǰһҶС죬ɫ졣
ҶСȵǱҪΣҪΣΪξŹ֪ô

ЦָҶСλ֣ɵ˰ɣǽ
ҶСɫǺˣ
һͦĳկᣬ
ҶС·Ѿ˵կΣ׷ʵ㸸˾δ˭Ϊ᣿
ʱһ۴һ٣Ӣȵ͢۴Ϊ˾˵ȴ治֮ġ
ŭ۴۴¿ɲ㣡
۴Ȼ˾˭ᣬȻ˵㣡
һʱֵԾԾԣҪȭˡ
ǵλ˾ĹԱλȴͷˡͷ˺Сͷ˶Ҫߣ˾ûм̳ʱм̳˾ְ֮Ȩ˾ʱԴ˾ְȨش¼սỹͳ˧һְ
˾˾Ҫ͢ȷϣ˳Ȼλ˾Ա³͢黹ûϲĿǰû˾ȻҲûˡ
ʵϼ㳯͢δ۴Ҳʵϵϲ˾ӡֵ֧Ҳʵϵᡣܸ͢ǵֻһٷϵݣʵʵȨѾˡ
ȻӷǶ˵۴ҲãҲգ˿̾һգҲҶСһټֲԳ͢ݵԭռסûʸͣ֮ҡ
Ϊܵطǿһ߱ˡءϮְͳʵϾͳһ˾ûС⡱Ҳǳ͢ϿɣǾͲϷ
ҶС쾾סţٶʣǶ˿ǳ͢ϵ˾᣿
۴һۣδҶС͵һ̧ȻǰտҲûоľģһԼȣȵûг͢Ͽɣ˭Լ˾᣿췴ɣ
˷۶㬵ش񡭡կ
۴ؿһۣҲҶСկ۴
ҶСȵȼȻƽͷգ˱Ϊβ򣿡
ͷʾʾûʲôϾ֪ͣˣҶС¹ɲԸˣҶСһָԼĴ˸ƣʾ׼֣Ҫǿ¹
ҶСôһӪԼǿ󣬶ǰЩֻȭͷĶţκӰ죬Ҫ׮鷳ǣ֪ͷʹѣǡˣԷڣ
ߣԴӼչҶСʹһ˽ģԼŮˣֳķ粨˳ͣµϣãҲָǼˣƨɻغؾˡ̯ôظ֪ͺˣûҶСȻ޼ɵ
θոһӱ׷еıһҶС֪ǰױʿҲ˵ǹʱ
չ״΢΢һǰһҶС챧ȭŮչݼҶˣ˵˫ϥһ䣬Ҫȥ
չҶСųų棬һԼҲûôģֻҪˣչկͷ˺۴ͻ棬ʱܲѹ͸ˡ
չ뵽˫ϥһ䣬ҪʯʱͼǰӰһϡҶүΣǿ鷽ʯϣǰѾһҶС죬˫ֲЦݿ䣬չ𡣡
չˮҶСеչǱ뺷ܼӰˣĸչ¹򣬽һָҪôأˮɽʺͿҪŪãԶʰչûţҲá
ҶСչ˺һۣصϰ̻һڵ񣬱ۣˣǹֻǣΪξŹ
˫ֱ磬Ȼͦص֪ҵȽΪڴŹǾһڼկڸ˳ɣΪδռҵˮɽ
۴ϣҪûˮɽʱһ⻰Ҳˣڸ˳կ׳ǿжռҵˮɽԲŷⳡŹΪֹ
ҶСȵڸ˳ֵָܵأкα⣿
ڸ˳Цˣ㻹ȸˮɽ˰ɣˮɽڼҵĲҵʲôʱˣҪûԼҵĲҵ쾭ô
۴ͬصƨ
ҶСȵסڣǰԻֻ
ҶСһŭģȴǰϲҪľЧҪ˼·гͻļ֪ϴ˾;һſΪ
۴߷ߵصҶˣˮɽҵģеΪ֤ڸ˳ſڴƻƣΪֹڼ˳ˮɽ⳥ˮɽʱɵһʧկ˲еһ׳
ڸ˳е֤ݣҪ֤ݣǾóǵĵϱ߿ţˮɽԭڼУڼҵŮΪױչңչ޵ңΪױתҵġ
۴ûԼҲ׿ڳˣˮɽھҵģдô
Ͻӿڵˮɽ״ӹ޹ģˮɽӦҵģ
۴ﷴҵճӣˮɽȻң͸Ҽ̳С
ЦЦԭ˼ңŮ޵ļױɷҲȨãŮ˽֧䣬ٸɷҲһ֧ءҪˮɽ͸ңʲôԣ
۴ЦҲ˵ԭˣףɲԭҹϰף˾Ů޵عСȻѾ˷ңȻɵճӼ̳С
ֵĲɿڸ˳಻סֲһ죺ֵһһ͵ʲôˮɽѵѾҵĲƲôдڼҵǰˮɽɼױ޳ȥˣϪڼұͭڼҵĴչأ˭ӵˮɽ˭Ҫͭڼɸ˰ӵǲʯ丮ǲҷ֧ͭڼҾôȻܣڼҵȻȨˮɽû
۴Цƣǻƣ˵ꣿ껹˾һͳݵִѷָΪ˸ͳϽ㻹ô꣬Ҫִ۵ľô
ڸ˳ŭƨ췴ң˼˼ָΪ˸ͭڼһڣܵ͢Ͽɵ˾ڼҵһвƲȨȻӦܵ
ǹ˵˵һʱҲסǶˮɽȥ׼֤ݣƸʦҲɣձٹ˰
ҶСڳһòȻӣкòϲװڰЩһȴûôͷԵļһ̵·ˣֻҪ˾;ٱпΪ˰
ҶС⣬䡰͡һЦиصҶةôĹڼҺòײûˮɽ˳ȥǾ˳ȥ
Ⱥһ֣һܴ볤У׺֬üޣ׳ݺ죬ֳһȣһ֦㵭ˬ
΢΢Ƿ࣬һ˫ӵתҲ֪ʲôһǡƻεĶСһͷ󡾫ҶСһ棺˭֣


49 
СӾȻһҪΣ
ҶСһòЩУǰֻһòʳˣǾǵɡɱǸǫǫӣʵȴһƫִյСˡ
ӴҶСбһӡСûкۣ̫ЩˣһǺˡڵСӱɻҪμ֣ۣݰ״죬ҶСȻûкøˡ
ҶСɫˮɽ֮ʼĩԴ㲻ͨδٻǰϱʻ֪ڴǹãȫ԰֮
һӲӵ۾·ͻȻӸ󡾫ҡһ˹ة࣬ͣسҶС켷۾κҶС˵գĿһǷ꣬òǱȲûעɫ
СǺһЦеذеȣѰζĿҶСһۣȻڣͤ𱲷ڸ˳ҵֶɡ
СӶҲʮ߰꣬ʮ߰ڸ˳ȻҪΪ幫ȷʵ˵ڸ˳ڼկ֮Ӧֻռ˱ݣڼկĵλȴδж
ҶСҪЩݵկǣһԷϷͺµ̨ܲ˾ĶǹҪЩ˾ǱԶʽپ뱸ռʱ˺ͣǵһĵ˭Ƕס
Ԫݺ£Ͻ˾ǵҲʧܸգֻ÷Ǹοʹˣοͳ䳯͢η´ǰʱ꣬ɹΪ֮Ҳǲ֮
ҪŭЩ˾Ƶǲƺؽзܴܳܲ͢Ӯⳡ̣ⳡսҶС춼öԿսغֻͷлˡ
ȻСĻûôķˣȻðͷҶСŹûᣬЦһկĳçײ£ⳤҲѴ̣ǰ´𻰣
ڿͤϸϸüë΢΢һȤҶС죬ȻҪҹ´𻰣
ҶСɫһû֮ѵùô
ڿͤ΢΢һЦĳأż˰Ʒ٣ùɣ
ҶСһţžйˣƷټ˶ù򣬺οǰƷأҶСʧܣ߳ŭйȴ˵ǳϷŪô
ڿͤЦЦصĳյҶ˱ǻûĳԱݵĻѽ
ҶСһԱǰ𻰡
ڿͤЦصĳл˵
ǵһģȵ˰ٸ£
ҶСصɴ۾٣
ͼȺȻ߳ĸĴ󺺣ٺָĸ޺Ӱ޾ʹŮĸ󺺸һ̣ϱʢķֱǣź˿һ˫ӻƽһףϽһ
ˣǰСͲС豦ʥˣʢ֮ҶСʵҲЩ
һһ˫аװĹѥϡ档ڶһɴñҲǲϡ棬һҲϡɡľǺͮͮһۡ
ۣ
ҶСʱеΣմƣһƷۣƷۣƷۡͭʸְߵľŴӣҲƷ֪ҪۣôĳСȻ˺ۣ
ͼĸʹŮǰɵǿ괩ɴϹѥϹۣǶһվһλ붴ġ
ҶСĿɿڴؿͻȻҡһڿͤǰǿ鲹ĺȻһͷӣӡǾƷˣҶСȻƨɵе㷢̣סˡ
ڿͤùִۣӹȣƵҶС죬չʱȻվסһ˫Դа´ۣЦصչ
չһͦ󣬺ʾ۾ңô
ڿͤͷЦеصˮһ鴫
չСһ̣һڿͤЦЦҶС죬ҶС𵶵Ƕڷ仯ʵ̫ͻȻ̫̼ˣڹҶүһʱûзӦ
ڿͤСҶСǰ˻ΣǰƮƮһЦҶˣɣ

ҶС쾪ѹֻڨڨλڿͤһúۣ˶ǿ鷽ʯ£һͭʸͨڿͤڴˣةҶС죬ǰ
·ͷһҶСƤҲü۵ģ˼ҵģڿͤȻѧʹʱСһˣôҡ
ʱҶСŤͷȥݺݵصһۣһ޹˷۶ҶСʾˣ۾գöˣκҶСȴ޶ãֵ˭
ڿͤҶС찺Ȼ΢΢һ֣¶һСЦصҶةϹٲԽ֮ѽҪӵӴ
մƣͬԱҾ񣬵λԵ͵ģҲҾ֣λߵͷλٴһЩλ߿Բ˫λ೬ĵȣôҪа񣬼һΣߵͷĴΡ
оƷʮ˵ȣƷ٣ͨƷ٣ǰڿͤϵ͵ְ㣬ҶСòĵȣǿǿùˣ˼һйݣͲ˵ȣ벻򶼲ˡ
ҶСΪΣԵλ̫Ϲйûʲôϰ˼ȷʵλߵĶ࣬ǾӦðݣӦڡոջԴ˸Ͼͱ˲˼ӣǵ棬ʵеû
ڿͤһҶСΪ״͡һЦˣ϶ʱֳÿľУҶǲԸ򱾹ٹˣţʮ塣ڿͤ˵ֶ꣬ҶСͷٴ㣬ֻǳͷĲ֮ˣ㻹Ҫݵģ
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ҶСѹ¹ٲݣֻ¼ƷĹְƷְͭͨ¹ʵ⣬ȷݣʶ°ݣ֤ɣ
ҶС룬ֲ;УӡЯǷ档û֤ݣұӹȥͭʸҪ°ݣҲͱˡ
ڿͤƺ룬һ˫Ŀ΢΢һЦص٣پǲͭʸͨУǲǹ
ٶҶСЦҶةλȷǱͨУҲȷǹٿΪ֤
ҶСƷĹôƷͭͨУԣš
ͷ󺹵ذҶСһߣС͵ҶˣģĳЦ
ҶС˵һԭڿͤǹϮġӽݣͭʸڼȹ˳ЭƽطԱԪմ͡Ϯ
ɢ١ͷΣ١ְͲǲʱͷβͳһ١ȼģְαʾλģǲʵյȨ
ɢƷϵͶְ¹ٹٽ׸ߣΪءĳĳ٣ٽ׸߶ְ֮¹ٵĹٽ׵ߣΪСĳĳ٣ڿͤ˵ͭʸͨ¡
ͭʸżңڼҳΪ֮ͭƱصżҵǿҷԣôͭʸոƽľҪ粨ְµİϣżϮ֪ڼϮͨС
ͨеȨ֪֪죬֪񣬾ٷǮȡڡۡϵݸ£ͨЧͨлм֪ڵȨʶֳơݡ
Ҿϲ£ѧʿȨضƷͣżҵڼҷһƷߵĹ٣ȴڼҵżҵĸ֣ͬʱмලżҵȨδزǴƺ֮⡣
ڿͤĵڷʯϣС°ͣҶС͡ģǽˣڿͤصҶة˰ɣǰݲݰ
ϽҶСһѣСȰȥȥɣŮ˼۶СǧҪ


50 Ů˾
ŮˣŮŮͨУŮ˾
ҶС˵ڿͤȷϵŹȴͭͨеĹٶҪűˣҪٲǰһ仰ɴһŮģ
һ˿˵ģʲô֣
ҶС˾˼ҵմŮҲм̳ȨûֵܣǾȻϮѡŮİ
ҶСĴеҪλʲôģҲ͹ˣŮ˾ڹݻ켣˼ҶС죬ԲŮ컹ǲ̫Ͽɣܾе㲻ײ࣬ǲͷ
ҶС첻ڿֻͤܶСֹ֣֮ͥ£ҹһŮˡ
Ů˲ˣǲŮˣͭڼҵ˾ǵŻܹ֮أοûȥĿɡ
ҶСԥҷկͷջǼȴǵ汻ĹٶŹɲɷҲ
㷽һֱǿٸΣǼ˸߳Ʒ˵ȵĹٶܲݼҲ˵ҪǰǰһŬҲˮôǻŷô

Ϊأ
֣ɷ䲻
͵ܣɷ죡
֣жϥлƽ𡭡
͵ܣʶʱ߷Ϊܣ
ⶼλʥ˵Ļ
λʥͣˡ˵ʲô˵䱾޶ɷûȫ˵һ졣ſЩçô˵еǾȥͽǧˣӣ
ҶС챻һ˵þһ񣬵ԣеھʱ˵ǹеλʿŮ¹򣬻Ҫ׻һжضľ׻
԰͵ô룬ˣ
ֹţڿͤȵĲͷ۾Ҷةٵã㾿ǲ򣡡
ҶСһ߹ȥڿͤصһȭ¹ҶС죬ڴˣ
ҶС仰˵ǿ׳ڿͤ͡һЦֲϷҶˣ㲻㱯׳գ
ҶС찵һ˻£вϵҪҹ˰ɣҪҹ˰ɣ˵ƽ˵ƽ
ϧ첻ԸȻҶСĺڿͤһ˫۾ֻǴζЦ⿴޻˼
ҶС˫ϥµķԽԽ󣬽ЩŲסˣȻҶСͷһʣ˫ȷɿǰһŲһǰһȺ˸ϥ˫һȭ¹˰
ڿͤõصҶˣô򱾹еϥ񣿲Ӧôΰݣһߵô
ҶСϵصˣͭͨеݣ¹ǿԲġ˹ݣ¹ٵȻӦü񣬿ɹְ¹Ծμ¹ǽƣ·
ҶةƱ磬Ȼ١
ڿͤЦ绨Сһڣգ
ҶСվ˵ϵĳҧгݰ䣺˯ʱǰһ÷ŪүҾ͸ա
һ̣QүˣҶС춢Źĺ촽ݣĳٶ˵޳棬ȻĪ
ڿͤҶС챾ȻĺǰգԼһȻմմϲȴתʲôͷ¶ǿҵĽ
ڿͤɤӣʵҶة㱾ǺعԱϪ˾
ҶСһжʱӿһ󱯷ߣŴӣĿңȻѾͨڴˣαۡǿش󽫾¹ٷ֪ͣǰͣˮɽˡ
ʵô뵹Щԩ֪ͨƽңȪںԼĹӡķ֪Ƕˣֵ֪ˣĻɣ֪Ͳ֪ȻϪ
Ŷġ
ڿͤ˼С۰׵ģλ˾үȻǴСʮָմˮĵͣƤƣʮֽۣСһģı㷺𵭵ĺΡ
ڿͤ˼ΣСȺһͣ΢ЦŶҶСϪڼңͭڼҵĴӵϵ񣬶Ա˾ɷ֮ӵȲǲ֮塣
ˮɽΪ޼ȸˣ֮ʯ丮ӵڼأпõӵȲǲǾ򲻿ˣڼҪûˮɽϷ
ҶС칰ֵ˵Ǵ˵ĵȻͬչҡƺҲвͬĿ¹ٲҪկ˳ˮɽìܽһʲô´̸ֻҪҶиƽĴϡ
ڿͤ΢Цٲ˳ˮɽأ
ҶСˣ¹뿪Ƿ죬¹Ҳûаָϵ
ڿͤ㲻˵ͣô
ҶСֵ̯֪˲δ˵ͨдҲȻڣֺαҪ¹ͣأڼ˳ˮɽ¹ٻԹͰ֮¹ٵ˾ͭʸıϽԱ¹ҲֻܷӴ˵ľȻˣ¹ڴ˻кΪȥ
ڿͤͷ룬ؿҶСһۣƵվСһϣǰһӣߣɽ˴㽻Ҷةɣ
ڸ˳С̣Ǹողռˮɽ
ڿͤվסŲͷҲأһһٵضҶСұ㣬˳ˮɽڼȥȴΨʣ˵ﳤȥ
ҶСüͷһת۴˵ô˵
۴ֱصԼǱߣ͹չһ۴ȱ̬ãǻԼ£ڴ˵ͣڼ䣬ȴ̤ˮɽһ
˿۴һۣҶСҲͬ⣡
ҶС˿ȻǶֻǿͷŵǵݣֻҪ˳ŵȰֻֽҪãǲ׻ԼġҶСãկˣ
ڸ˳ŤͷѾɽڿֻͤͷչҵ˶ţڼկֵܣɽ
졢졢졢ֱŸԵˮɽϳˮ㳷ȥֻʣһ˰컹Ƕչչͷ˵˼䣬չͷ˿һҶС죬ɽˡ
չһͶһ㣬˽ҶСĻҶСϽôء˵˫ȴļԼ˵ȣţģ֮ˣָá
չ΢΢ŤͷǶתȥҶС֪İˢˢرȥû͵ǾͲˡ
չҶС죬΢΢ϸĶüཱུĴߣ˼һôҶС˵㸩ֻͣǴ֮ͥ£˫ֻʵػס֫ûлԲ⡣
վһԣûתǸƷĹ٣ҶС컹һƷŮʹǹغϵⰡطϲõеҶСչֻע⵽ʮˢˢתȫˡ
ãڿһǰҶةϢƳǸǲͣһͣ˵
չ߻˿ţһУæſҶС죬յصҶСע⵽Ĵڣһ˼⣬չҪסڼկ㿴
չ룬˿ݣʵڲڼկһУҶСҲѴСҰʹȥ֪ͨ㣬ʱٻᡣ
ã
չҲ֪£޷ҶСһԳֻؿҶСɽ
ڸ˳׷ڿͤصС̣ǳﻮãòײûˮɽôˣ
ڿͤһЦʱķʲô˵һɽʲô۹ŹԶЩҪĿɲֻһˮɽǡ
СǰһӣڿлһԲͭʸ
ڸ˳׵ǣ
룬׷ȥĵصС̣ҿҶةչҹ֮ЩͬѰĹϵ첲գƫ̻ʯ丮˰ɣ
ڿͤصǷƫչҺҪôһ˶ѣ
ڸ˳Ȼˣ
ڿͤȻתЦص˵ҶСĪ᲻øЩأ


51 뻢Ѩ
ҶСһ˻û߽կӣţȺկﴫζţ˵˵ɽˮ㣬կдţ򣬿ʵ
կӺܴɽˮѾһΣԺ˳ش߽ȥأͼǰһʯݾ͵ĳǽֻԼɣǺظߴƣǰǵªǽȴ֮
ҶСǰկ˾סˡ
ҶС룺ԭʦĹǺͻʳҾ˵ôǸ˾ôס˶ӵĻ
կķΧɼֻǱկҪԵࡢ࣬Ҳûʲôͨկ߶կĳ˱ѡ̺˾һҵūӣֻһЩˡ
ء
Ȼһ̴ٵĺŽҶСʶվס˽ŲΪ˼ǰӭˣĿĹˣȴδӭˡǰһ¥һָ˾Ҿˣ˾˳ĻҪġ
ҶС˳ָһͼǰһľ¥ϣװ̵׳ӣֽ棬һţ̧һСӴ¥
СӴԼʮͷǵĲӣһģԲԲü۶õͦϲֻƤӯѪýģôһ㣬ô۵ƤҪ硱һըƵġ
ҶСͷͬصԭˣúǿɰϧȴṈ̀ӡ
ɴ۾˿ҶС죬ȻҶةˣǱկկĶӣ̱ӣֻ˾ү¥Ҳ¥ͷǹء
˵䣬ͼСӱ̧¥£һͦʹһȥˣȻȽĺܡҶСӣˡ
ҶСӴ˾˼Ҵ̶຺Ƚûԭ̬˾ԲͳˡȥٿʲôϡŹֵĶҶС㲻׿ڣٶ¶ӡ
һľ¥ԣ߽ԺţվסŲҶСҵסˡ
ҶСһĺԺһ㣬²ŻŻ߸ûŴеķŲϣеķſеסūӡ
ҶСü¥¥סˣ±˻˯ô˵ζҲš
ҶةͲҪ˾סҲķӡկԣ÷կߵū̺ģ߰ɣ¥ȥ
ҶСΣֻһͬ¥Ǹʹһִľͷӣ˫˺ϱűĹִľ꣬Ǵɽ￳ġ
ǱȽϿտҶСȥ᷿˿ͬһ£˱ֱסᣬ̺ҲͬסͨԺҲסһ룬Щ˰ţҲͲҶСˡ
ҶС쿴ŶȻʼڼҶûа˳ӭǣɧկҲ̫д˰ɣǴ֮
ؿһ˫̶صҶةȻ˼ʧˣǲĳȥѹ
˲ˡ
ҶСϽסûϲأҲãбĸо
˾ǽ顭
仰ȥȵʱֹһ仰̫СľǽڣãҲ֪ǲǹҶСҶСҲֻװû
һֱڸڽ긮һ÷ˮС˹ĴˣֵطҶСϤֹٳϤĹ򡢾ȫòϣһȺҰˣµʱҲֻűˡ׻ô˵ţʶʱ߷Ϊܡ

ҶС찲֮󣬱㻽һĸڻˣɽȥչկѰչҶСԼʱ䣬չ˵ص㣬ںƫʱҶС뿪ڼկϵˮɽԼڡ
ǴƬĲݵأݵתϪϪŲ֪ɫʻƬƬˮӣҷ˱ǡϻһλˣǣһƥͤͤ
ҶСԶԶдϲһޣһӭȥ
ڿͤѲϣ󱳹񣬸±Ե¶ԲҺɫ廨ɴ㱻һ˫ȥֻһɫ㡣һŻԲˮң΢΢͸ɫ
ɫľӨ֭Һϣ˫ָȥڿͤظţ΢˫ۣﻹһĹģһĹŮӡ
š
˫ֿסԲļͷʱڿͤȻüëɱ۾ԸЩеۡ
˾ͨʹʹͨ˵ϵľ粻ͨүʦͷİɣҵãһúˬģҪ̲סʹǾʧȥõЧ
ڿͤһִˣ˵˵ţûһԼ˫һʹĽЩ޷ܡ
ڿͤҧ̣ΪΪֻڼկһʦ
ڹݣŮ˿˾ֻǼûжʱΪ˼ѪѶΪ֮Ȩ֮ƣֻҪ׸ɷ˶֮󣬾ҪλӴӡ֮ŮֻػҲȥм˽ɫ
ٶǰǴԪ۹ʱλŮ˾׸ɷû¶ӣڶɷһŮŮ˾׸˾ǵǿҷŭ
Ů˾׸ֻܰ˾λӴŮôŮ˾һְôǸ˾忪һõͷ
ǣ˾һͬѹǿֽ˾Ϊѡһˣ˳߹Ҳûʲôı£ֻ쳣ǿ׳ͷţڸţŮ˾˶ӣ˾үһ׮¡
ԣŮ˵ȨԶԭŮΪߣȴģ壬Ů˾ҪڣҪܵѹҲ˴ö࣬˼ֻһĦʦڿͤҲԸ¶һ档
ڸ˳˳¥ڿͤķ䣬վͷǷС̣ҶС뿪կˣ㿴ǲǡ
ڿͤҧڼڼҵһôʦʮָѲϣǽڱ÷סڸ˳ⷬڿͤǿʹ˼Ƭ̣˵ȥλչ
ڸ˳ǣ
š
ʮָһۣһʹڿͤӨķһӱñֱ΢΢ţѩĽű𼸵شһڴƽȵȥɣڡ
ڸ˳ȻС̣ѵðΪʲô֣
ڿկʱлᣬȴɱʱǲȿεͣĳ䲻ˣʱǶֵʱ򣡡
ڸ˳׹ȴΪȻصС̣Ҳ̫С˰ɣҿֻҪɱٶ¼կʿʬ壬ˣ˭ᵽأ
ʦԼ˾ˣǼŪʮ繳Ǻݺһڿͤϸʹһ㺹΢͸߬ȭһҧгݵص̡̣ΪΪôûģγɴ£
ڸ˳һСΪκȻŭֻΨΨ¡


52 ԧ

ҶС춪˳ȥſ˫ۡһ޵סؿڣչЦЦɽʱ˼ôƺģةŶ
ҶСһĶͷʡ뿪ʱǵʷةҶСͦţ۽ǣصǺةһ֮£֮
չƲƲǣصСĹʹӵʷةλϣҲƴġ
ҶСԣϽСĵ⣬⡣
չһ˫ؿɫƵص⣿һأͿȢӨӨŶˣô죿
ҶСֵʵʲôô죿
չͣҲҪ˺ӲŹţһž˽
ҶСЦôôأ
չ˫һѾдˣô죿
ҶСͷѰŮӣǾͺðĺˣչҵļЩ鷳ģһ뵽취ġҺòײ꣬ȲҪЩԽ𣿡
ҶСſ˫ۣչ޵ؿڣصղ˵Ǽʱ˵ӨӨĺӶûˡҪˮɽϸչҺˣݼҲ˵һ˾ͻӦǵˡ
ҶСһæôԣһûŪеǷֱ˵ŪˣˮɽҲֵֻܼתֻҪƽϢֵܷҲûɲˣôƽ޹ʵذϸչң
չбı¡뵱ڽ긮֣鹫Ӷû취ӲЩĹٶǻϲصǿɶΪ㲻ɵˣΪͲ취ô
ҶС°ͳ
չΪȴĶ˼һϲĪŶչޣסҶСֱۣҡĸ첲εεص취ײ
ҶС˳סţѾˣٺúһգôöûˣҵıһ
У
ƿŸߺ;ŵء
ҶСɴ۾ôû
˵ͿˣɫĻУŸߺ;ŵһšһţŵǸŸˮߴ۾һֱߣһҶСȥ֡
ҶСΪйСԹ㿴Ұڰ⣬ôҪǴأǶǻôȡ
һȣˣ˭ҪˣڶȢҹš˵ŵ۾ԱһüˮشģСصỮô
ܿˮܻտաеİƺˮߵɫԣƽˮһɫ壬ˮϾƮһҶСۣˮС͡«έԣУضǸصڣݱ˿ҶСʱģһͷ԰ӣϲһᣡһᣡ
վڰϿˮɫģվڴͷˮȴ峺˼㣬ƽ峺ˮһ㴿С۸ˮϣµˮˮϣϣ·һҶƮڿеķۡ
ʧȥ˷򣬺󣬺ңԭشתҶС챾Сʻ«έֻǿƬС͡СʹҶСҡȥ۵ͷ󺹡
չֵڴͷװŮۼɾ⸱ģҲ˼ִҶСľոջԶһɳ۶Ÿߺ;ŵϾشӲݴԾ
˿ҶСҲɿ߸ϹǻδϵߣԶĻѳ嵽ǰһߴĺӴһԾ£ָУ_ĿȵҶС죡
ҶСָòʹ࣬ǹչĻܰѴʻ«έһ£һһ£ҶС۱㱼˰ߡһߣڵչһԾϰȥŭӹҪʲô
ŸմӴվҶС죬ȵҶС죬ӨӨֺչ岻ף̰СˣӨӨںεأ
ҶСŭӨӨͲ㣬ʲôдˣ㲻ҪҾ壡
չҲŭʲôҸ岻ף˵
мƳһۣݺһڣޣԹŮ
չ𣬽߳һȥ˫һһˣһǱɨչ˫սһ
Ÿߺ;ŵվһԣ΢ʱԾǳ¹δñ֮ǣֻȫעعս
ҶСһϰͰм䣬ҶС첻ͷذǲʲôÿЩֲǴòôСġ
ҶСǰ߳ȭཻžĹʵҲЩŭҶСҲǿ׳ȴûȻˣҲûлı죬һĥǹĿƹƳı仹δٿعƳıȴѴгˡ
ΪߣȱٿõĹƣϿΪ˲ֹһֹƣֻԼƵģܵӦ֣ҪԸһͨ˻Ǻ׵ġ
ҶСȡһֻƳ棬ָ䣬ԾԾԣʱ򣬾ӦǿļΪŮ˵ôԼŮ˺ɱģȴİõضںߡ
չ䣬λλѸ٣ҶСеϣò׿ᣬչһȣҶСǰҶСϲһУ
Ĵ͵һɨչֳŵأֻסߣҶС쿴ͼҶСָһչ𣬱ܹһȣ˫أȻҶСһۣ͵
ҶС찵ԺһѣˣҿûʲôĹƳ棬ֻԵãҪȻ鷳ˣΪԹƽƣֻĹƣⷽļȽȱ
Ÿߺ;ŵʧɫǵˣҴСտǰԼŮһǻģǼæ˹ȥһƽȣ˿
Īʵչŵʲô
ҶСܵؿһҲǣҵĶԹ
ҶСָһչ²ʡоɲ̲סʣʹʲô򣿡
ҶС츺˫֣°΢ʮȽ񷣬һصһָ
Ȼһָʲôԭ˵ĹôߣҪΪ书ǿҾ㣡ӨӨͲùĶԲҪôչһϣҪôӨӨңȻ
ҶС΢΢۾صȻ
һ˫һȵҾӨӨѵѵ㣡
˵ջһҶС˹ۼҶСһĪĸ书Ҵ⣬һֱȫԸҶСһǰһָݵصҴ򣡡
һӵϣѹΧ룬һ˫ȭͷۻ룬һ󿪴أȴͻȺǣʼճ岻˵İΧȦ
ñף˻ҶС죬㲻Ҫͷڹ꣬Ҫһս
ҶСߣŬػŶϽ̸Ľ֮ڹսֻ̾˿ܳƨشȥʮ꣬սɣڵ㣬ҵĶ֣


53 
ĺɫãչկͷվڶ¥ʱԶʱⲽãȻ˴ԺӴУͷˣչ
չͷ˸ո˿ͼŸߺ;ŵչ߽Ժӣչͷ˴һϽ¥ȥӭȥʵСôˣ
ŸߵСû£ֻȣѡ
չͷ˿æСطϢҽг
չͷ˸Ҫٲ뿪һ£תˣﴫϢСջȥһˣ

¹ȣһµգ˪
ͷɥػصǰ¹ȵıխɽȼ䣬ҲұһˮأģӿγһСٲ߾ǽȵĵ·صĴʽģһ£ϱ˨һ򵱹أĪ
ͷûسͷϺˣţ
˼ͷܹ±գȻղȴóԼֻһˣϱӦүԺϿǡ
Ƭ֮󣬳֨֨¸µһСͷ߳ŵһգԾصӴүôˣ
ûصײˣ߷ߵؾߣСͷĿɿڴŤͷ¹ɽ·ش˸£ϽҲ˳ţ֨֨¸µַ
һ֣һռϷ磬ټҶСһдʣָͷҲ֪ڸʲôǼɵʲôһָͷİ㣬ҪҶС죬͸мܲסˣ˴ñס
ȻҲûźôȭһ¿ɲǺܵģ˵ƱҪЩڹǳ˿˾ҵүҶСŹèһ㣬⻹гԿ
һߣһҧгݵҶС졣ҶСĪһְָЩ壬ҶСһù򰡣ѹչĿڶֳѾͷΪ԰ľһƫƫһ޷ԽҶС죬еѹĺܡ

չұĽʽڼկֻ࣬ΪһС͵ĳǳأģҪڼկһΧǳǽȻвɵĸ߶ȣϷĳǳѾļģˡ
չҾסչұıǣǶչұĸۡΧһĴլڣĴԺ䣬ԺǽɣŽɭϣ֮ͬ
ǰԺżΰţʯ׸ʯʨţǰϵĦ죬һǽԼܺʱǰʯ϶а׳ʿһɷ
չ˾ٲȻһС͢Ҳǰ󹬵ĸֻ֣ﲻʲôʲôˡׯ԰ߣԺԺ󣬾չ˾չ۵˾ݡ
ʱ˾ݽȺһƧĵԺʮһƣ岽һڣ䱸ɭϡڣž޴ë̺̣һųϱ߷żˮһֻ͹ӵĲ
ڽٺϷĵƣͭƵĵƹյ硣һĿüһɫۣǳɵбϣоһֻ״ɵСϸϸƷ裬̬
棬һԲۣĸߴ׺İߣ˫ĿºͿʣ٣ͷȴںī˿Ѫڶ֮ʡüʼһĨĨмһ񣬾Ө͸ֵǡ
ƷŲ裬΢Цչֿǵôˣ
Ũü΢΢һôͲ͢𣿡
ǺǺǺǡ
Ц˫һһĨӹſĺ覴õףչ֣õӣк䡢֮𣿡
΢΢һɵȻԶԶġ
˵ǾˣֺαصôࣿߣһҲûеĻֵõ𣿡
˵ͷȥҲߴ٣׺ΪԼһ裬ϸϸƷζ
ӦǱ߱չϼչۡӦʯ丮չұĵɽȴͭʸĴңǾкͼıأ
ԭҰӦעصںءڲ٣ĽҸͶжأΪڣֻҪʱѸɱҲˣֺαͼı
ӦֺأջĿͭʣͭʸǹݶŻϵԭŦͭʵĽͨˮͥ³ǭĻƽˮ
ͭ½·ҲƿǭĹؼڣڰοˮĿǰҲû㹻ȥòͷʨӵӦ˵ӪǭҲͳһչƽĹؼڡ
һʮĥһаϣϣϣȥѵԽɽɱİɽˮ֮䣬ͬĲ˾үô簲ݷݵڲˣҪԭĽ彭ɽ
һҪ׳Լ͵򶫡ԭ򶫣ڲݵĶ棬˼˼ǡǡʧȥϾľԿµ˾Ǹģ׷ǭݰ˸
ӦµľͭʣͰĶʴ֮ױ˷ĿģӶ׷׳ȡϰӦ辶ʯ丮Ȱͭõ֣һǱߡ
һڸڲݺ֮ͭʯ丮ֻܻһ취õİ취ˮɽ֮ʯ丮ͭʸ˾ķ֮³ޡͬʱҲԳûǿʯ丮ҷ֧Ŀơ
ǽʯһڷ֮Ѹʯ丮Ҫȡһλ˾ղŻһЩӦĿȻط˰˴֮һչϣչҵʵԳΪĵ֣չ밲ҹϵǳչڰҵͻСܶࡣ
ǣӦ𽵹չұͼ˵չۡʱȻ͸¶ԼҰģֻԸչһϷͭʣչ찣ʱҲˡ
չͬҰģ׳չңչ˴֮У֮Уչҵĵޣ첻㣬Կ׳־ȴҲֻͽκΡ
ӦȻĶùϷͭʸֻǳΣΪص˾ӣ͢ҲӣӦ͸¶ϸƻ־δزУȻзգʲôҪûзأ
չ۵ͷΣ̧ͷҪչĳӦҲǲɡ
ӦϲɫչִӦˣ
չ۵ȥֶŮǺǣûмҵֶŮɣ
ӦͻȻ̸ֶŮʲôڴչôڹع㣬󷽣ǸŮӡ
չȻãȻҲɰôҰ޸ڶˣͬô


54 Ż
չЦϧǼŮҪôȻޣҪôףȢ͡չҵϵݲͼӦòû
Ӧˣұչչ۵˫ûйƽĻϣչ³֮һҡٵ뽡û̲Ҫ˫ںĻϽеĹϵ
ΪĴҵӦȻܾȢŮˣŮ˳ΣοǸ˶ءڵһԼڷ˶ڣǴССĲŮŲλչңһƻͻԼļĳȶ
ĵڶѲλһֱţչλа˴յŮҲڶ˵ݣǵڶ˵ıĿǰȻ裬ȴѶѡ
ӦȨչҰ˴յݣŮĻĩȥŷˣȻ׮ֻĽҲһ֣ɨزܹܵġ
ǸŮͻȻӦȴҲ룬գҪõİ취ֻΪԼŮˣԼĹ⣬б졢ҰģҲ벻ԼĿơ
ǸŮһ۶ӣƱҲӦۡڶ͵ھϼеķɽȻͬǸŮ˵չǿ󣬵ǸŮ˶ôͺôȴչһҪĶ࣬ǸŮȷ̼ͨƻĹؼչȴһҪַʽ
չۼӦɫѿЦôĪûչҺĳ⡣
Ӧ̧ͷչ΢Цչֵ˼СѾˡ֮Ůѽ֮꣬ٹĸ¾ʮˣڳﱸǡʡŮģ˳Ұ޸չΪޣΣ
չҲһ㶣Ϊ˫Ȣγɵı̫Ź֣ӦȢֶŮȢӦŮϵô⣬¶ǶԸͲ¶
ŮϱŮ޸Сӣ÷ֱ޸ͬһԸҲ⣬һϵȷ۸ģͥϵסû뵽Ӧָһİĳ롣
չϲõصãҰֶŮ޸㣬ӭȢŮΪޣϼף¿Ϊ
Ӧҡͷչˣ˵չֲĵĻұŮ㣬ҽ֮ףȷ˫ͨˡֶŮȻ㣬ϧĳûǸ
չ۵ɫֳɹصڷô
Ӧԥһ£ֻѹչϸϸ˵һչŻȻ򣬵ԭˣҲϹϵˣѹаͭʡ
Ӧ΢ЦСܶչѺгչֿСܵĳô
չۺֹţҾӦļƻӿˣͷ룬ͷãǾôˣ
ӦȻٱչ۵ǾԲƣԤףҵɹ
˫豭һһڲˮ£ԷЦЦЪӦŵֶչ۵ˮɽ֮ңһõĿˣԴШ룬ĻɣֻⳡĿǰңһѻ𡣡
չüͷѻҪأֵʱ̣˭¶ˣ˭װ
Ӧ΢ЦصµȻõֳ棬ΪʲôҪ¶أȫ취ƽϢ¶˵ֻ̬Ѭģ±ɻ£һʰǾͲչֵġ⡯ˡ
չ΢΢ݣƽ

Ҽ޸Σչŭؿչֱۣš
չͷ˽չұٸϻȥΪĸײʲô仯ҶСټһҴһչұȴһչ۵õȴôһϢ
չ߷ߵص󲮣ϺͿ˰ɣҲӦ
չĸڲףһסͣһۡ
չĸװѮò毺ãֻЩ԰ףҲˣ󳾣ԲŴСϰ䣬ȴѾͷմɣҲеˡ
չĸװӲҲۼչô˵̫Ҳ񣬸ϽһŮչһĸףлͣԼص󲮣ҲϲҲޣ
չ۶ףü΢ŭص޲ѵɵСԼʲôϲϲģлŮޡŵԾͺãչŮݣ޹ȥ֮ѵ۸㲻ɣ
չ󲮣ƫչȴ۴ģͻȻҪ¹⡭ҪӺ𣿡
չۺǺһЦ£˵
չĹĵߵĸ£ĸ첲ʾο
չ۵ˮɽ֮˵ֵֻ֮ȥѱӣչҲܲ۴һţ׽ңչҴΪ
־棬սһҪֵǰزʵչ֮޵ңΪӡˣǿɾδ¹ҵĹϵ񲻱ĸҵĹϵһ㣿
˵꣬վչһߣô۴˾ݽˮɽˮˣҲκβֳһˮɽ֮ӭж⣬չҽѣҲ˶չҸж¡
ʱչţΨչհҲȫ֧չңڼһʲôչҿأˮɽһչ֮Уһ𣿡
Ϸ˲ڵǰŮ˵еͲҪִˡ
ϲûչ˹ûʣȫչĸϲʲô⡣СˮϺţҴСܵĽǻԼΪģԸΪġ
ΪһӣжҪΪ˼ƴϧԼŮҪĻͼϵӦ
ϼ޸չĸףµһ˵ǣɷܳ谮ܵһŮҸɷϲҲֻԹ޻ڣ޴󷿵ݣؼعһӡ
չֵ㸸磬ΪҳͲĻ£ӦϷϷҲȫȻĸܣǹҵĶӣȻҪ˾޸ѵί㣿Ҹ֮ķһʿӵҲǡ䣬ڹ˽ⷬţһƬѽ
չ飬Ĺĵص˵컨׹ҲҪ޸
ϷۼŮĹȥæŮ
Ǹضչ۵ִ֣ȰȰ
չ΢΢ףϷ˼ȥϸߣ߳ӦضչЦˮ鴫ǡ⵱Ҵ󲮵ĻҲҲ
չۺû˵ӦǺһЦְοչֲؽ黳ֲ޵ȥϺ͹ϵɣֻҪһһʱٳһСС⣬ұɻȡӣ
չصԼӴֱĸһһչΪĸȥչ˼Բ߰Σɳ֮ززǱߡ
ĸ岻ãһ֮ռ䣬չ뵽ҶС죺˼ҶƻˣǸûĵܻܲյزɣ
ҶСڽ긮ʱԪҹӨӨڸ߿֮ϣֶ֮ӨӨǨĳŵҪ˵ûһ⣬ǲܵģлҶСΪżΪ˰գ
һ룬չȻЩĪչ뵽ҵԺľŸߣĸ첲εεصŸ壬һ˼ҵģǲ
ԴˣŸֺټչС¶˺̬ʱëСսսʵ㡭Ҫʲô


55 ˮ
ҶСЩ¹ȡڼկչկұ֮䣬ˢ˵ڸУ˸죬ˮɽ˵Ľȴ޽չ
¹棬ҸҶܽóһݣ޷˭֡ʷԭɵġȨԱ˵ҶСΣҲֻص۴ֵ¹
ҶСֵܶ˽˵ĵȰֵ֣Ҫ˿ɳ֮Ƕֵ˵ˮɽͬ޷ľ棬ܴӦҶСĵͣ
Ҫ֪ٶ꣬͢Ȼڹݵʼ޷ǿͳΣǳ͢Ӱȴɱ
ݵطЩڽͨҪĳǸȱ˾ͳΣҲ۽磬غӿ룬ԭеͳν׼ڽʧȥ־Եͳ
һλ˾ĿȫصĵڽήԭϲǲɻȱˮɽñҪֵ࣬˭ˮɽ˭ҵһ֧Դ
ɽɰԻʲƸҲҪ󹤣ָṩһ׬ǮҵĻᣬ˭ɽҲ͵ұյ򱳣ٿصڣ˭ܷ֣
һ죬ҶСұͣûȡκνչֵɿ֮ٶɴ֣ĸҲҵӡ˶ˣ㬵ذ֡
ҶСΣֻôҴҸǣûصڼկŸ߾ͷ糾͵ظˡ

ҶСһסľŸߣϵչֽǷСŸߵҶСߣֵҶˣҼСҸӾ仰
ҶС˵ʲôˣ
ŸߵҼС˵ҼҼҪ¹ȹңԻȡҵ֧֡
ҶСһô
ŸߵҼС񲻹ֻҶ취ˡҶ˾øҪȻҼСֻܼȥ¹ˡ

С˻øϻرȥҶˣǣ
ҶСãȻؿžŸкò᣺ôչҾʲôΪ˰ȭԼŮôȥЩ˾˼ǲ
ҶСԭתư죬ɫ粻һţҧгݵصչͷǱҰУ㲻ʣҲ壬˭ڣߣұȥ

չЦضԹ˾˵˾Ǿô˵
˾Ӹһ׳ò࣬׵ͷһͷʨͷҷҲһŲģ
˾ˬصãһΪҹҺչԭͺƣֻΪҵ˺һҽףҵҲܺƽˣǰЩչ˾ɲҪϡ
չЦôأչĳҪϻرȥǾɣ˾ƸǴӴ˾һˣ
˾֮԰ΪĸãҪΪ˹棬ߵұңȻԹ
͸ǿչҽףеĵʧѻÿôչҺ͹ҽףתվ۴һܵչҺ͹˫رӻ۴ҲԶңνһá
չĿѴȻǣչ˳ضԴܼҵأңӸ˵һź£
Ƭ֮󣬹һֻһڵҴҸϵ˾һ㶣ӣǸʲôҪԶţ
׳־ƵҪȥԭѰʦѧϰգأʮأһ
˾ӵ۾صƨѧʲôգҪҲɣȸӳ˵Ӹո˵һףȢϱӰա
һôûͺ˼̶ˣҲҪ
˾ŭ£˵ҪͲҪѾչ˾ˣƸ飬ӭȢţİʵʵĶɡ
һŵص˵˭Ȣչ
˾ؿôҿչ˾˵ˣֶŮܿεģòΣչҵݣӡҲʸˣҪϲȢ˾ˣϱһȢţ
ЦѰһӣãҲŰƸʱ򣬶Ҫȥչң
ЦųŶȥüĺܣҵŮˣҾ˯ŮˣѾȲҪչȢţۿҶСġޡʹ಻ˡ

۴ֵܴ֣ӡ˳һȻӡ˲ĸɱϾǸˣ۴治ãֻػȥ
ʱ˾Ҷةˡ
۴֣ҶСôˣæ¹ӭͼҶСȥ۴ҶС칰֣δڣҶСһץסֱ۵˾ˣ
۴һæʵҶˣʲô£
ҶСＸ䣬۴ﾪ棿չ˾ҪŮңˣչҡչҪô
ҶС㲻ϵģֻչΪʲôҪ㣬ҲӦסչûкôչһô˽ذԵϵϾѾԶˣչһףô˭Ȩ˵չ˾չ濼ǣд˴ҲΪ档
۴־ŭصչ˱壡
ҶС˾㻹һ˾˵ûõĻʲô壬㣬ΪѾһԵϵұ棿
۴ɵص⡭
ҶСתֵ˾һõչҺ͹ҵİ㲻Ҫˮɽ˾֮λˡ
۴һƨɵϣɫص⡭Ǻã
ҶСȻһƣɽ˾֮
۴һץסҶС죬͵صҶкθ߼뽲
ҶС۴һ۴Ů޸ң⡭ҲҪչҽô
ҶСϵ㲻Ҫ͹ҽףҪˮɽΪױͳȥȻҪɽǰǿƸһ㶪鷳ȥ˽ʧǾȵرס˾֮λѽ
۴ɵصչ˵ףͬʱӭȢλô
ҶС˾Ϳˣ˭˵ҪŮˣҪŮ޸ĸ׹˾
۴ȻҶСľҲȵˣ˵ԸԸΪɽأʱ۴൱ľ棬д֣˵˭ʤİո󣿡
۴ɫһϲֽŵҲ˻չҵô
ҶСչôɽܹչôܣչôֻӰ죬ףչҽչҵףҳݣ˵չұ׽û˺չҰͲȨأڹңȻҲûʲôˡ
۴ƵƵͷȻ⣡һ򣬱ɽΧˣ
ҶС˾Ӣԣֻ֪չ˵¶쵽¹ȥװա
۴Ƶãͳﱸһȥ¹Ȱɽ
ҶС˾ǵϣո¹ȣϢģĪҪֵܾ
۴׵ʡá
ҶСһƵ۴ͷתŹָǣ߳ұŵʱӭһСͷҶСǵ֮ǰֵ֮ͣʱСͷվһߵģһ΢΢ա
СͷѾģȥ¶ɫҶСҴҳұڱǰĿһɫ磬ߣȥһ¹ȣ


56 ɿ
ڼȢҹҵŮˣ⣡
˾һҶС˵⣬Цڼ֮ǰῼǿǣչҽףڼңڼҺҶͭʸĲ䣬˴ڣľϵ޷͡
˾û飬˵Զ仰ҲӦôʺϹҵ淨
ҶС쾡ְذýˣϷȰ˾
˾Ȼ㲻˵ˣذɣ
ҶСѶ·ԩҶǽҺڼù˴
˾صѵİˮԵ˵ķۡԴݷָΪ˸˾ʧȥݵĿȨҹҺڼұƲˣҶˣأ
˾˵շߣ֣Ϳͣ
˾㡭Ǻοأαء
ҶС촹ͷɥ뿪¹ȣһײõ泾ҶС쵧ϵĳüɫ裬˸߲ҵصߣڼկȥ

ҶСصڼկ֮һͬϵ˾Ӵڸ˳̸⼸쵽ڼҡҺչҵͣ
̸䣬ҶС첻صˣٽȥң˵۴Ҫʹ˵أ˵ҪŮ޸˾۴ҪŮӶɽȡõҵ֧ˡ
ڸ˳֮ˮɽһϻˮ㣬ΪֵչҺ͹Ҹһ۴͹ѹһߣûˣڼﻹлᣬһ⻰ʱæ׷ʵҶ˴Ե棿
ҶСӦò٣˵۴վҪԸϸ¹ءǵҵԸܼ׼ģ˵ģΪȴ֪ҶҲ䡣
ҶС˵˼ֶڸ˳˾ҷϾҪ䶨ˣʱĻڼҲֵĻᡣˮɽڼҲҵ٣ǱϾǰ޳ȥˣ㲻һȰʹ˰ְɡ
ڸ˳ɫʱʱ磬ŰطһհҶСߣ㼱ҴҸȥڿͤڿͤڼԡͰϴԡ׻Ӷ֮Уֻ΢¶
ڸ˳ӰҶСǶϢ˵һ飬ڿͤڼͷֺȻͣסˣһ˫üܱ
ڸ˳С̣ҶСʵһҲ֧۴ֵ֮⣬ʱڼҾ޷ȡˡ
ڿͤ۴˾ף˾Լúվ۴һȥô
ڸ˳Ϊ֮һϸ룬ȻѾֺα۴أǰȫͶңҪǷ۴۴ﻹҪչҵ棬ǹҵĺôࡣǹۼչվ۴һߣĲչҵĶ֡ɹҸֲµˡĪҶСΪҷ֣ڿң
ڿͤ룬ҡͷȻҶСԣҲδؾͲܡ
ڸ˳СĵʵС˵
ڿͤĿ˸۴õó˾ĵļױ֮δؾͲ֡
ڸ˳˾ĵļױ
ڸ˳뵽ʲôȻһæС̣˵ˮɽ
ڿͤ𣬳Ƭ̣Ը˶ң۴һһҪŹ
ǣ
ڸ˳ӦһתҪߣڿֻͤסŮؿһۣŮ⣬Ƿ˳ȥһǵֻһ˿ңڲ̵ɫԡҺеڿͤ䴹ڸ˳
ڿͤʵ׼ôˣ
ڸ˳ͭȥɽļѾܿˣҪʱó⣬һǿдǰЩƺҶС췢˳ͻ˿ҶСĳ£Ҿˡ
ڿͤͷصúãŻְɣ۵ĶҸɵֻҪһұ𣬹ҺٶҪˡ
ڸ˳˷ܵصͷ֪ˣȥţ
ŲԽȥԽԶڿͤ˿۾˵ľߣ˫ȷſɽˮˮֵĸŹɫԡѩ壬ʵķ嶥ɺ졭

ҶСصԼסصȥ˵۴¹ףȥ¹Ȱ˵˾ڼҽףһϵеľٶʵΪ˽ˮ
ҶСˮɽΪ˵ͣ֮ңµȫľ񶼷ֹչȥ¹ȣŴӽʹ类ԺˣŶҪˣĹܱ˵ôҶСûôߵľ
ˮܽʲô̶ȣܷЩֹչ֣ʵûаգҶС˼Σ̾˿
Ȼ뵽һӣֹչҵĺ£¶ʹáƽ̱ʮôǰӵ̫ɣֻ׼̣µžֲ
һҶС磬̲סʵʲôԸֻܽȻǣҲһ쵽
ҶСüͷڰֵǵǲأֻǴ±ܽУ˶¶ˣ޷ְ
࿴Ȼ¶ЦݣǻʹɫתҶС죬ˢˢϥأΥ˷Ըˡ
ҶСȻкΥҵ
ǰ˲Ը̫׷ңǱΥ֮ΣʵµҪ򱶡˴ͭʸ˵²ģԡʮֵܣҲѰиˡ
ҶСϲæ棿
ҶС䣬ҶСϲúãȥѰǣʱһҪȥ
һ磬۴ʰͣһЩ֮뿪ұվʹСͷ˵ҶСȥܻ۴ϢͰ˶۴һߣϡ
۴뿪ڽҰιһ󣬲˸棬ϲת¹ȣ˾˵۴ãĪһֱֵ֧ĶԺ۴֮Ĺϵ䵭۴óȻΪʲô
Ի󲻽Ĺ˾Ӽ۴һ⣬ǾƬ̣ϲһڴӦ
ǰӦչʱ֪ʮа˾Ҫתת֧۴ȴ۴ȻҲҪһҪˮɽ¹ɽǰƬ˳ˮ۵ĺ£вӦĵ
۴˾ˬشӦ֪ҶСԲ٣չҹȻˣˣ˾ʵشӦ
չҺ͹ֵܵüֵʹΪڼ˾Ĺϵ䵽ҪλˣʱҪֲĸͿչҺ͹˭лȨ
Ҳ͹չԭϵֱȽϺãĵλ˶̩ɽ˸Դ̣ڼկİںİڣѸԸϻأϢ˸Եӡ


57 
֪۴ȥ¹ȣЩɣ¹⹫ң¹ҲǺԥվһߣ۴ȥ¹ȸʲô˾ôܽӼ
಻סˣԸȥ¹һ̽¹֪ѸٸϢ
Ȼ¹ȹϵУʱʣ¹ȵĴСͷȻҲһЩѣЩһ˾Ҫ۴֪һĴǲϢ
֪˾ߩһ˦ˣ񣺡˾˾Ȼؾңѡ˴磬ܸˮɽƸѵҾͲô
ϸһ룬ЩйˮɽƸչҲг⣬罫ǳ͢ϵ˾ôϺûʲô󻼣ǻǾдѵĹ˾Ҫˣ˾ѡȷ֮ѡ
һô죿ûָܶߴ˾֮λֻӵеһɽΪʵϱ˾ȨƵһѣ¹ܴɣͬˮԺĺӹ
æҵĸףڵ˵һ飬ӡ˰Уʱ󾪣ϳǰ¹ȣͼؾ档ϣĸףص֮ȴ
¹Ϣ˵˾ѾӦ磬һ۴ҪΪ˾ֹϵɱĸø׽һЩĸ״ȥδʲôá
ȥ䷨׽ͷ˶ټѴ˵֪ͷ죬һ˺վʵصᣬȻ˾֮ƣѵǾͲô
ãȻֻһŮ귽꣬
˵ͻȻЩĽǰֻԼö࣬˶ȴһҪɫȻŮĺѽŮԽԽãŮɼޣʵ˶̾Ϣ
ͷ˵ᣬûŮɼޣӭȢ
ãȻʵӭȢӭȢˣ
ͷĸʹºšС𡱣һǵģͷ˶˵ĴͳΣΨһлһëȣЩײࡣ
СҡȣȻչңڼңԣûеŮŮҲɣҲˮɽΪƸ񣬾ͲҾûһҲĵģ˭˿еⶼ³ȥֻҪǰκһͻٶȱòɽˣʱټ°ա
ϲ˼һǾ˺ϴ󿹺ıǮˣֻǡչһϴ󽻺ãӦҵô
С˾һ򲻺ϣǴӦף֮ڣյЩԹʲôء˾ףΪʲôչףڼǱҲпܣֻҪȢŮŶֲطǵ˾Ůһɽȥ᲻Ӧô
ֵһֱˮɽ˷׷ײ֡ڣˮɽû䣬˵ĵλȴܵв־ڱصõˮɽһɽ󣬱ȥάλһߣ֪գµҲôˡ
鶨⣬ӡ˻ǹ˾ӡ󣬾ܾ۴Ҳظʵʩˡ
ʱ֣ӡʧǵظϻһĸ׵ģľ˰أ֪ĸ״ȥδþ˸ת⣬Ҳ׷ĸףֹֻĸͻطȥԸС̺򣬱ȥ׼ᡣ
һ磬ҶС԰ͣվ¥ϻŸ첲ȶɫЩջд꣬ҪҪ֮ǰٳȥɿɿ硢𣬺ȻկŴ󿪣дµ׳̧żֻҲʵ
ҶСִĿԶۼЩկϵĴ˸˾Ӵʹȥ̽ͼ˳شǱ¥ҶСЦҶةʲôˣ
ҶСʲôˣ
ұȻ˾ˣ˵ҪӭȢڼŮˮɽΪƸ˵ºòЦҪˮɽΪױŮ˾ҪˮɽΪƸӭȢŮֵܣ֪գαصء
֣ҶСϵУ֪˽۴²һ֪飬Ȼ취ԱҶС챾Ϊȫȡҵ֧֣ʵδ뵽ῼڼԶʵе̫˰ɣ
ĻҶСȻǰԽԽˣҵҲ֪δνηһɺˮ˺˴̣ͻһʱδҵʵйֻһɷ򲻶ҷ硣
ۼüɫ裬ҶС첻ʵֵһ뵽취ǻˮɽͳȥҲнѿ棬Ҫˮɽ͸˾ҪˮɽƸ˾ⳡδƽϢôʲô
ʵڲ˼ҶС˵ֻһ󰮺ãԽת֮£̹Ȼˮɽ˹һڼң˾ͭʸģⳡͻ˾֮ͭʸ˾ܱ֮ʯ丮˾׽գĳο
ҶС쿴ſڿӣ۶գֻ˾֮޳ܣķ緶

ҪӭȢڼŮˮɽΪƸ񣿡
ڿͤڸ˳ϢЦ֪̽ϢԣǹǽͼԾȣżͶҽ
ڿͤЦڼҲӦҪȥչɣ
ڸ˳ŵĸֹ𡣴ʱڸ˳ǰӼĴýС˵ףȲѣһСһڿͤʾ
ڿֵͤǳڼңҪ˾ȥ

ĸӦһ˳ۿſڣڿֻͤסţ
ڿͤĶͷа룺ԣҾֱܾ޳·ֻˣһˮɽ֮⣬ˮɽ֮Ҿȡ֮ͭȨĴƻθʵʩ
ڿͤ˼Σ̧ͷĸһһص˾Ӧ
ĸӦ£ڿͤ˼Ƭֻ̣кܼ֤ˮɽֻ֮ܽԭɽչҺ͹ҸȭڱԱҺڼɽˡ
Ǵµı仯ϾԭԤϣȴ˾֪У˵Σжϳʲôʧ뵽ڿͤ㻽һʹŮԸİң
Ƭ̹򣬱һ˸ϵڿͤԷ糤롢ۣòݣ鶯ƺᣬֻ۽ܵβ͸¶͡
ڿͤһһ䣬ųұۣİںڿͤĸ֮ǰ˾İˡڿͤڣԸȥһչұѴ˼䷢һ˵һ֪С


58 
İѲǵһμɱϹϾǰҳϮƶ£һ߸ϵĴ˾δؾͲǲݰһ׳գӦԲǲݰ׳գ
ˣӦǺܷһ򣬲Ūİ˼һǵӦʱҲЩãȻˣֻչҺ͹Ҽһ֮ìܶѣô
Ӧͼͭʸʯ丮Ĵ˾սԱ˳չͭʵļƻ˭ϴ˾پȻ۴ֵܷ׷׸սԣ۴ҲͰˣ
ҪڼŮ˾ȻشӦˣһγɾ֮ôҲ㱻ŮƺͿˣƻչҺ͹ҵļڼҺҷŪٳ棬ǹƣ
ӦֻܿЦŸİ֪ˣظ˾˵չҵĽϣֻҵһƣ²ɹҵĿıΪ˼չҵìܣ˾ҵŪٳ棬ҵļƻкܴ谭
İԾصⱾõһƣˣҼ˾ѾӦҵףǺã
ӦεصΪ֮ƣҲֻٰŻƻˣ˾ֻ㡭
Ӧİڻˣİͷֵô²˳٣ĳͻҼ˾
Ӧͷİȥ
İЩнһ˵һж˵Ҷһ䡣ӦİһˣƱҲƽȵļ䣬İûͭʸˮɽͣ˽ҶС졣
İҶСνͣǸЦغƽ񣬸ȡҶС죬СҲ͸ض𡣶ӦҲһֱţΧˮɽĴĳͻ޽ġ
ͭʸǸŴӶԴ˺ް취ֻͭʵĴմҰģһһˣìܣаʼհѴµĸ֮ˣ޷еã˳ʵʩԼļƻ
ӦҲȫةҶСȻŴץܵϪ˾ȥˮɽˡ֪ҶСݵΪļ֮һ֪ҶСһЩκıˣ찡
ı仯ʼ˵Ԥ֮ˣԭ׽۴ֵܺڼͬĶ֡ͻȻڼҵŮ۴˹˾
׮ĪĻɧδƽϢָߵչҺ͹ҵϢһΧˮɽķ֮ĹϵӴ۸ˡ
˽ҵǸγɵµ˹ϵ໥ãٶˮɽ˵ûʲô֮ıԱȵģֵֻܡ
ⳡĵֵѾˮɽĿȨ˱ԼϲеĵλȨ
۴ԭչҹϵУֺ͹ͬʱ˾ǡϪˮɽϵ̵ıԵչұԶ޳Īܶ۴ķ˹ҡ
ڼҡչҺ͹˷硻ҵݹϵһʱеϡңû㹻Ӧ̵ʱֵѾʼߵǵˡ
ߴٴسﱸƸ۴ﲻϷԸ׼ױ۴Сͷǰ¹ͼױǰڼկƸ
ֵܽž˭Ҳ˺¹ȵĹʱʼįǰչƸ˸ߵΪҶС죬ҶСߣҪĵȢչš
ѡƸڣҲǡ֮ô֣Ͼ֮ԭı硢ү۴ｫ¹ͼױҪĵĸ׹˾ӵĴڱʵеŤ

׼ˣ
ҶСɫѯԼһڻϤչұƸϢ֮ҶСͶǲڼկʮŻɱչҺ͹ҵĻ¡
ͷҶС˷ģѾ׼ˡ
ҶСãǵϷҪһЩùܵûйϵмǲɱˮɽ֮ҾĲɽˡ
Ѿˣ˵ķԸǲΥġ
ҶС˿ţгɣȫԼ

ҶСһ¹ڣߣ
ҶС¥ͼ¥Ҳһ£ʩʩȻ˳һңңԹ˹֣Ǽ
˶ץ׳۴Ҫͼױȱһݵ֤ˣҶСĹϵȻҵҶС졣ڸ˳ȥ˴ýˣҪͬ˾ȥƸ
ҶСԽˮɽϵұͼұŵƽʣկϵźϲӯֻЩվԱߵ׳ȴμ˴ӣȻ
۴˵ҶСˣϽӭһҶС㹰ֵлҶˣࡣ
ҶС컹˾ܹΪ飬Ҷĳĸ𣿡
۴¾㱸͵ȴˣͳ۴һ£ͼЩ׳׷׿ߵȴһҶСףЩˡ
۴һ㴩һµشӷѴһӣƵصڼƸȥ
׳Ȼ׷̧Ѹٸ۴·ߣֵһҪһҪɣ˴ؿӣЦ
֧ͬɽ֮ϣһ·⼷ײĥЩҪ֣ҺֵܽնҪ£ǿеѹǸϵˮɽɽʱҪֵˣһȥ¹ȣһȥڼկ
ҶС˷˿ֵܹ˲ýǴϲӣɽ·ڣ֧ϾҪֵҶСŷġ
ʱ򣬾ͼççԲԵɽһ֧ع˾ԴźʮĿķ¹ȡҶС찵ЦԶ׼߱ǹǰչƸĶ顣
߹ȻǹͺУΪ˶סҶС쵱ŭĹ·ڣһҶС죬סصҶˣ˵㱻ҽȵǣȥýˣʵڿϧұΪ֤飬ͬȥչұƸء
ҶСЦ룺Цɣҵ˶óսսʿɴǰչұһ·֮϶ɽش֣ʱܵġ
ҶСտڲиӵ⣬ҶСƸ񣬱ߴչҾ飬㲻ߵĻҶ֮ҹгԱˮơֶӣһ㵱ɵ
ʱмӰ˹СģȥԺһ㡣


59 ɱ
֮Уڸ߸ߵϣ·ţһ˶ôֻҪעЩɱ˼ɣߵ
Աһ˴ǸɵϲҵļʱҪӦòѣ˵Ǹһˣɻң᲻ߣ
šе
һ˵ͷְĹѹѹǲҪﶯ֣ɴչұȥкܳһ·أӳǵģ뿪˵ɡ
ֵһ࣬ҲһĿӵ·ڵ·һɧģΪ·ڱȽϿľ٣ѡ˴˴֣˭֪ȴͬʱϵ֡
һ˵Щ߶׼ҶС죬һĻһ𣬾͸ˡ
ǰһ˳ɵҪȻǵ뿪˵˵
˵ǰ߶ӣ֣ӾͽڼկķΧˣ˾鷳˵ץ¹ȵѾŪˣ£ѵҪżʬӡ
ǵЩڸ˳ġ·ڣҶСɲ֪˴⣬ҶСɫ·
Ȼãҹ£ûù··ߣȹȥ
ҶСϴΰڹڼҵŮϷûͷʱʵûôƤĹԱӡһŭ߼֧ﻹпյضͨÿҪȥڼס
ɫһ磬ʲôҵƢֲǲ·Ҳã
Ϊ˾չԼ۴Ⱥ¹ѻģһ⻰ЦҲ֮ЩƤ£ÿҹȥԸô־ô֣Ҳùģ
ҶС۴ģ۴ҶС裬ԼŮϾҪ޸ĸףԼصһðɣôˣʵ޷·ˡ
ɫһ۴۴ҪΪŮҵĸףͿҹǰ󱲶ҺҶС֮ĶԹ㲻Ҫͣݣ
˵һսײկ·ӵһ𲻿ãŭ˵޺ݺݵسȴǰ·Ŀ׳ҶС졣
ҶСߵߣ˳סǰһݣǱһסĵһᣬӲϣһǰֵҶСȻŭһޣ
ޣְεӴ˵խƥŲ󲽱ҶСȥҶС׷ҶС칰м䣬һڿĸֵҲ˳
˫һ仰û˵֣һιɲǹ¼ҹˣߴӣЩҲֲЩҶСЩ۴ӣЩһѷس˾Ϳ
۴ǿɱε·ڵʱսһʱ䵶⽣Ӱѱ档
УҶСʮˣ˺ǱѾˣѵǻ˫սȹ·ʱ˵ְֹһҧȵֵǣ֣
ӵײڳո˳һԺ磬һļХļХһŤͷͼǱһ׳Ųȥһ֦ѰĲ䴩
󺧣ë˷˷
·ڵı仯һڸ˳ɱҶСļɱҲɵۣ׷װĿͶԼͷ죬ͷҲЩãȻʧ롣Ƭ̣ˣɱҶС죡
ųҶС죬ҶС죬úڵĳȻ˴̿ҪɱңûңҪɱ㣡
΢ŻսȺڵⱻУۻĸֵȴҶС쵱ͷ£ҶСֽһҶСȷʵҪдֻ̡Ҫ¼£ȴû뵽ѡڴʱ֡
ҶСֵһغݵú˵˭Ҫɱ㡭δˣһ֦ıǼ˹ȥǱ͵һһһҪԴ
ҶСųһ亹аǻ쵰Ǵţ˵ɽͷɫôõļƷǲʮǧҽ
ʱһ֦ǡһƥսȺ׳˻һХף˻һȻأĽǶȣĿҶС졣
ҶС󺧣һΪԼŵƫˣЩ䵽Լٿһײļֹ򲻵ңǵĵȷȷҪɱ
˭˭ҪɱңҶС쵱ڵأ˵ƥϣС˷
ҶСúί˹ʵ벻˭ҪôһˣһƣСôаĵˣ˭ɱأ
ûлɸɱҲֶΣֵƷŵùġҶСǱĶȥһߵ˺Ҷһߴ˭ŵļ֣磬ǲ㣿
ʵȻѾĿɳ𣬵Ѿϰˡ۴ǰӲи磬Ȼ۴ҡһıүϵʵһֱȽԶ
ֵܶΪڽԼͬصң
ֵ˵꣬ŭӶԷһۣͬصǲ㣿
ޣ
ֵܣޡǲԼͬ۴ݺݵһڣɱʲôһ㣬һԹҽĻԹߣɱ
ƨ
õָ۴ŭصһ㣬ԼŮ޸˾ٺһŮ˶ӣͿԼ̳йҵĲҵˣǲǣ
ֵ̣ǰһ˹һҲڸ˳ŵġڸ˳һɳ·һ·ɱҶС죬һ·ɱ
ɱҶС˳еʹɱˣɱҶСνĵͣˣ֪һɫͬʱҲɼĲΡɱһ·ˣܵȴǡɱ
ڿ֪ͤӦչҽֻһƣΪ˴ƽ⣬ŴӦİϢڿֻͤܲȡȴʩд̣ƻ
ڿֲͤɱΪһˣ۴ͳˮɽΨһĺϷӵˣûڲˣûɲ֣λȡ
ˣڸ˳ɳ·ֱдҶС·֮Ҳ֪飬ڸ˳ǹԼֻΪ˾ִУ˶ѣû˵һС
һ·ɱɱҶСɱûͬʱжʱŸոǱһǰսһţǲԥ֪»費Ҫȥһ
˭ʱȴ۴ֱͦͦǶֱһļӣǻʲô£Ǵ̿붼룬Źһȥ
꣬һ֦ȻļιǣʹѽһУڵأ۴վԱ߿ôˡȴӺ˵ϵмƴͷеΣΣҵ£ǻɱô۴һ㣬̫ˣԼֵܶҪɱ
۴ﱻ̣޲һӭһź֤סʱչɱɱҵĵ˹


60 һؼë
չɱִĿȻ·һţ۴ĸӺƣȺΪӪֵֽ
ҶС졢ǰܵϮַˣ۴Ȼû⵽кȴҲԥؼǵĶ飬Ϊ֤Լס
ֵ֮ȨԣЩһĹǲƻģٶǰλŮ˾׸δ¶ӣȴٴ׸ǻ˹أ˾Էַ
ǵʱ·˾ıʵŮ˾Ĳ䣬ȴûôλŮ˾Ϊѡɷ֮˱ˣΪǵôߣҲǻ˹ء
˭Ҳܱ֤ԼԶƵλ֮ϻǿ˾ǴڣһԼ׳ɵĹ淶ƻǶҲǾ޴вΪǰЩ棬ֵðա
ֵͬǣ˾岻ԭ˼һѵܹԲпᣬβڷչУôˣͬǸ˾һõİ⵽˾ִѹ
ԣ۴øַԷԷΨֱɱԷİ취֣еӦԽڶ˾ǵڵѡ
ֻܵϮҶСҲܵ˹Ψ۴ﲻڿһǣ϶ɱֵĻʹ۴ｫľ棬Լ֤ס
۴˱ԥؼ˷ĶУֳһ壬ڶǰ棬Ӣ¡۴һշתŲؿɭ֣һ߰󣺡ҰҰҰ
ҶСʬԣΧһª塣ҶСԱһֻ෭﷭ƥ˿æҵزͷϡϣŪŮƵġ
ȵĿ⣬ҶСݽ͵ǲ˿ϣ˼ͺװγͷҩˡ
Щ治֪˿ãʵǺܿǰû˿߼Ȼô˵ˣǿ϶Ǻʵġۼ·һ֣һ̲סʵߣǲ𣿡
ҶСش֮乷ҧֻǵͣ˶ѣõôƴﻹ˿ǲҪҲϰɣһɶһֻ·
Ƭ֮һŮˡͱ߸߸˿޵ĺӶڵϣųض
ҶСȷ죬ˮ㣬ҪƻĳһҶС첻֪˭ɳɱ֣ÿ涼ɱ˵Ķ˵ҪʯʩӰ쵫δ¶Ĳҡ
Ǹ޷ȷ֣ɹǻʲôסҶС룺֪ˣҾͲɳˣҲ֪ǳûУĪҪˡ
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ȳԮչկˣŽ˾׷·ߣΪ֮ͣչկũֻصˮɽԱߵƬɽϿʼˣʱٲ֣Ҫڡ
ҶСʵмģ͵һѻ𣬰ЩƸ񡢼ױ޳жһһѻ֮һ棬죬̳˶ɽֺչկũˣǴɽһϴѶɽ
·ڵļ·ֱԹҡҺڼңûչկˣչͷѾ˵չҪ͹ҲҪ͹һҺ͹Ҿͺչ˺еĹϵ
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ҶСصԼסԡһϴȥһǱһ۸ոջص£һյĶߵߣǵ˶Ѱȫˡ
ҶСü¶ϲɫʱֵǵ˷ͼ߲ԳʱһֱǣǡȻڼկ
ҶСһ㶣жʱӹһĨɱ


61 찲
ҶС첢ܾݴȷص˾ڼկӽշڵһĻд̵ɱȷԼɳȥʮˣ˲˳ְɵ
ҴӸչҡһֵܣɱɶ֣͹֮ǰЩ죬ֻ˽˶ԹǣȺ棬ڼ밵ɱ
֪ĵͣˣڼҲͭʸӵǶٶҪһЩĵͣ˱˰ɱˣʱôǾ͸ռˮɽԴ¼ŭӣʹͭżҲ˽ˮ
ڼҵôڼɱҵģֻڿͤŮˣĺö
ҶС۾΢΢һ˿̵ˣӱʮ겻ҶСӲΪԼǸӣȲʮꡣҶС˵˼䣬΢΢һȻҶС졣
ҶСЦѾ˼ˣңҾҸ㾡ȥɣ£
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ң˾ҲʶһȡˮɽľûᣬֻҪĴ쿸Լϣܵõ֧ͬԮռ˵壬͸޼ɵس֡

λˮɽԱԼʮﴦ˴ɽ͵֣ϪľԴ䣬ˡһª򵥵ĽЩۣҲȷʵһۡ
ڹһ㣬ʵĴΪ̵ķأԴΪķȥӰʡݾơ塣Ҳỵ̂㴴ۣԵ̵ĴһƲá
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һھƣһ֪һأδػֻǧûǧշĵû೯͢ǻǧټƵذϢŶţų
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˵仰ʱͷȴظֳҶС󣺡Ǹ龫취ƽϢˮɽ֮Ұɣʱû뵽Ŵͣˣĵز߻ˮɽƱøҡ


62 ǰδ
һ磬ڸ˳ҶСһڡ
ҶСǵˣȥ֤˵ġ
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⼸Ҳûзˮɽ֮ǰΪ˴˵ӽĽӴǺƵģ˭ıկʲôܳʿկӵ˶ʶġ
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۴ֵܳ永׵ֵܣȻһĴֱףĴ̿ʬȴûһկ
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ڸ˳Цǲܰѱ˱կ˶ȫǲҪɳɱ˵ģȻյķйصģôЩݲ˻˭ģͺ֮ô۴˵ǲǣ
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ڸ˳һǷЦмһ˵ﳤȥҶСǳһļܣҲȰһļܣʱҲһƣŲصڸ˳ɽϦǵӰϵúܳܳ

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˵ȻϦһΣ۾ʶһУۡһһ֦Ѿᴩšڸ˳ͷԼؿڣ¶ŵı顣
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ҶС̧ͷһʹصһ˵

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63 ˷ȥ
ڿͤΪڸ˳կԶϮˣû뵽ճկţͼկŴΧˣڿͤ첽߹ȥȺĬĬֿڿͤͿҶСſ
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ΪʱҪΪɱ׼ţʱҪڡ硢̫ƫȲͬʱΣҲҪֱ𴵳ͬʦʹ˸ֲ
ڼկѸеʦˣʱǳ˵Сͽʯͷࡣڼҵ˶Тլڿͤķһɫ
ڿͤϣͳصڸ˳ĶӼ˾ɣ͢౾ѹһѹɣ򡭡ʵ˵һ˵࣬͢ͻ֪˴󡣡
İʾǣδǱô˵
˭˵δڿ̧ͤ۾ĿɭȻ¹ȣڼҺ¹Ȼǲݣ
İü˾̿¹еļʸǹ޻
˵һˣ͡˹޻Ҫǣڼ˽ڣɷǳֵĽڣ¹ȹҿս֪Ҳóֹˡ
İ׵ף
ʱһվſ˾Ҷة˾ǣҪͭʡ
ڿͤĿкâٿһǽһ˿Ц˿վȥİע⵽˾˵Ĳǣ˭


64 ľԱ
ڿͤߵ𵶵£Ըǽ
£СҶСҶةկոչǾߣʰɣ
ҶСˣѾˣɥᡢܼ飬̫ʽʱ伫Ĳ𰡡
ǵͣһ¡ǲˣ
ҶСЦկˣеͣĿܣ֪˵ͣһǲҪˣɱ׬û
뼰˵صգս˵ˡ
ʱһҶة
ҶСһڿͤ㿶ش̸֪˵ͣĲףεŻѪѾĻڴʹĲ飬ƽָ֮տɴ¹Ұģɽ·ְɱ֣ʹ˾ڷҶС챾˶Դͬ飬ڼķ⣬Ҫתͭʸ֪£֪֧֡
ڽҶС̵֪ϸµķȫڼҲд̿ͳɽͷ̬ȣʾǳǿͬѺõол̸ˮɽƺǹͬĵ뽻˹㷺ʶ
һֻĿɿڴǰλ˵Ϲʦֻ硣
ڿͤկһˮɽƽأұԸϻͭʣθ֪֪κկҵ׾죬ȹҴʱǲ뿪ġͭʣѴ˼θ֪ɡ
ҶСȻ˵֪ⷬǰͲٻһ˵ǡڿͤҶС˼Զȥ֮û˿ѣղڿͤʹؾʹӦĸǡ
ڿͤǶ˳ȥ½˾ǡ½˾ҶСյڼկʱǸֶնյ꣬꿴ʮˣʵϲֻ꣬ѾϪڼҵ˾үˡ
С˾Тĸ׺˾ǵָͬТӡʯͷһΰ«ϣոճϢֻ˼λʦ̳ʦ˵ָʾǸʲôӡ
ɥᷨµʮ֣貽·ӦҲʮ֡ڳ˵ָӵ£«ȻûĻƴܹõܡܹɡţ
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ҶСһĻȻѣʵڲװɥµʱΪʲôҪǰô˻貽ǰͣĲһ߹ײģһҪΪҰӪ̤ˡ
˼ҵϰסǵĵ˵ҶСҲ¶̫ı飬ֻһֵü£ôܲǴġҶС죬䲻ϳԼʶת˹ȥֻһӰ
С˾˻˹ҶСǣС˾ûʲôӦĸ׵ʾ£ſ䣬ڿͤһ뿪կӣһ·ȥկﴦɼկ׳ֻɥ°꣬սȻ
ڼկҶСֹڿͤС˾λ˾ɣҵ͸ǡ
ţ
ڿͤȻסǣҶСҶةĳм仰Ҫ˵
ҶСЩ֣ߵһߡһԵկǽվڿͤƵ˫ҶСϣ˵ĳһ²⣬˼룬ʼղҪ죬֪ҶةΪĳ
ҶС칰ֵڽˣҶĳ֪޲ԣȴ֪ڽΪ¶󣿡
ڿܱͤüͻȻʵΪҪɱڸ˳
ʲô
ҶСɫ䣬Ȼһ¡ڿͤĿҶСϻȥʶ߬˫ȭϣһЦȻ㣬㾿Ϊʲô
ҶС֪֮ǰڿֻͤǻȷĿͨʲôֻڸ˳ʱģע⵽ʲôˣڸ˳֮ʾ̿ɱԼˣʱͱ顭
ҶС찵ޣھǲ˵ʱһŶΣһأȴæɱҪ˵һѣ˵˵һᷢ⣬Ѽ֮زز
ҶС쵱ʱ룬гһɱˣһóʱͳ֣ҽѼٷߡ뵽˶Ѿˣǲ˵
ΣʱǲܳϵģѼӷҲͷˣѼӻǻѼӣӲģҶСŭӵطϵڽ˵ĻҺկԩ޳ɱ
ô
ڿͤĵ˫ΣյҶСͷȻһЦĺصҶةһ·أ
ҶСһֻסβ͵èëը


ҶС͵סƥζУæס֣ŤͷȥͷصҶةô
ҶСɫصǰһָ㿴𡣡
ͷãȻ֣зʲôֵģ
ҶСȻҲ

ҶСȥˣ̽һ£
С
ȦϵҶСߣЦҵҶˣһ·ɹģòôŰϴ⣬ҪȰӶˮ鶾˭׷밵ɱأҺôҲǳ͢٣Ȼɺһ·
ҶСпԣܸܲڿͤԼвɣŮҪկ¹֮֡ɣԱˮɽԲṫ˵֣Ů˻ŹҶСһ·ϻ̻ɥ֮Ȯ
ҶСֻö͵С޴Ȼ鷳ЩŰȫۿ͵ͭˣǿɱڼſڷ˴կǰ֮š
ҡҡͷ̾˿ֻ÷˷۶а룺֪ҵȥˮɽͣĴԭֻǽţȴҪ֣֪˲֪뷨

չұġչĹ뷿Ժڣһһޡ
չԴѾ˳ȥһǶܽŵ廨룬ǰúõļ鲼ƬСϰǹŪҪŮ죬ȴѾѧȻ쿪Ҫʦͨ
ʱһͳŮ磬ڶúͰͷΧһ廨ʴԵϡСӡһ飬ҡҷüʶۼ
£䡢½оĴ壬ϵĺƮһͷȾİȹɴɫ鲼ɵģŽྻǡƴϴķһ
ҹﶼҪϰŮ죬ǺСҪʼΪԼƼ£޵ʱҪԼƵļµģŮ첻ãƯҲᱻƲ𣬳޵ʱᱻ˰гǹġ
Ȼ½⣬չݣ㲻ԼַƵҲûʲôһչҶСһ󣬺ȻʶԼѾ˳޵䣬ȻôԼֲƵļ²壬ǡ
ˡ
ߵˣչһ֣յسſµ˵˲Ҫ𣿡
ŮӴС㣬˴ˮɽ˵зҪҪС㡣
䣬šһˣչˮſڶ͵صģ
Ůŵϣչһѽӹһֹš
չڴǰ͵شţֻһ۱Ц绨ֻۣһ仰ѾͷԴˣһΪ㣬ҿһѷϷ


65 
ڻصͭˣ
һţ㾫һ·ҶСɹľԱģĥˣʱʱĽ䱸һҲͰˣгҲ쳣ңʱø·ҶСȴסջµʱߣҶСȴͻȻ˸о
ɵķ֮٣ΪҶСĹٶڵ˯Ҳ˯ãҲԲãͭʳǣˡҶСزԽиĵطԽ׳ֲɴ⡣

ɴǣǰ·Ҫ¡µĿʵϾǿջסгжֻ̣סһֻڴЪģΪٸֲ˰һĺ
ԶԶ»ֺĽȺŤͷҶةҪʹȥдкǰסô
ҶСҡͷأȥϪи֪С֪˺Ե¾Ҫתˡ
οıˣ졣Ϊв֮ͲҪˡ
ˮɽ󣬱ҶСƲʲôѹˣֲֻͣÿЦлοףǲǴ֪ͬô
ŤͷһȻ绪ҡһһСȣƵ·ϣδӣ·Ʈȳ͵ӣЦ˶ȥˡ
Ц绪ӭȥ֣Ӻδδȥ
绪е񣬿еήҲ񣬺ƺ۵ӣδټһ֧˵̧ͷһɴһصɴ۾㡭㼸ʱģ
Цⲻջسô˵֪ͬüŪ۵ʵ˵ȥˣع˭Сѽ
֪ͬٱҶС켰һ֪ȷʵǸոսǣ˿Ц͵˵ЦˣҶةΥˡ
ҶСԴֵ֪֪ͬͬ
绪ʵôϪҾֿиĹۣ
ҶСһۣ̾һͬصһѾš
绪ҽ£ȥ֪ɣߣǱ߱˵Ѿ˿ڳܴҶС㲻֪ͬһ˱߱˵Ϫ˾Ŀǰ
ǰ²ԶվסŲһǲҼҵĽӣӣ
ſ˫ǰһСθȥηǱүæͣסŲһƣ¶һŶüۡ欶˵ף¡죬ڽЩȵԵʡ
Ƽ³һ๫ˣ
Цɲôȥ
˾ݣޱ߷˿Ŷȥ
ãһؼȥһϯһ·Ϊ̫ҲͷˣȥҷСһȥȥ
µūáĿһԶվŵĴ绪Ŀ⣬һЦ
ЦǴǱߣˣͲ½μˣȥɣ֪˸ȥ
״Ӧ֪ͬķһƳһţסǺӳ޴顣
ۼС̧ߣ֪ͬ˿һŤͷҶСؿ۾ӣЩڵʵҶ˿ʲô
ҶСԴ֪ͬͷʵصҶԴˣǾĺܣ

֪ϷүһҶС˵ô˭ˣ
ҶСϪڼҵ˾ڸ˳կ

֪һ͵ط֨һҽС
֪ˣʲôµ֣
ҶСԶݣ׽˾µļʸͨж϶ʸΪ¹ȶ֮
֪һٶȷһҽУ󾪵Ȼǹµ֣ˣ񡭡Ϫˣ
ЦҶ뿪ʱڼڰɥ¡ҿկк֮ʿϼ׳ìһƬִսһˣ
֪ҶСһ뿪ʱôˣ
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֪ˣ
ҶС졢֪ͬټſ˷˺ôľŰ֪ӵ֪һòɥصˣˣ
֪ͬѵͭڼҺϪڼ֦ͬƱزϪڼۣ¹ȵĹҺϪڼҶͭʸ£ҽ֪˲ˣ
֪ɫ缦Ѫش˰죡ȥˮϵͣ
֪ͬʱ֪¹ȥô
һ֪æԶԶԣȥɣҪ˵˼֮أڼҺ͹ҿԲӣܲܲӰɣȥȥ
֪ͬһ޲øԼһͣԭԼɫøѿˡ
ң
ҶС첻Ȼչ˵λ׻Ҫȥˣȴ֪λ׻ڽʤܣֻͭƻǿϧˡ

ҶСˣһ䣬һƬƲʣֻһĴð̵̯ӡ
֪ȻòˣҶСֻԼųɵͭʸԱѺͣ⸰ء
ϪŴƨȥˮȱˣºܿ촫չҵӦУֱʱӦ֪֪ȻҶСϪͣ¡
Ӧļƻʮɽе磬ֻҪɽͿ벥ңӦܽǶͭʻռʯ䣬ʮ֣̽ȡ
ֲĳϹܴɣߴλĪ䵽ҶСӦд£ǰڱ̫֮¶βͱؽ͢裬Ϊϰ
ӦֽţתѰ;İ취ͭֲλ
Դʧȥ˼˼صľԿȨ˾ɵ˵ʳ˵˼˼ؾ͵ǡ֮ءˡ
ͬʨȺأͻȻһϵʨȺԶ㣬֮ǲ๷ΪһʳߵģһʨȺأȥӦǸֵˡ
ӦҪһĿģ㣺һͻΧһս淢չɿƣֲǰ棬˾棬ֻ֣͢ǾΪ˼¡
ڶǲ˷ͭҾֵĻʹ֮ǰ˷ͭʸʵѾСٰػأϧôչңͬҰĵڬBôɺ
һ͵ڱܾĻ£ͻֵÿƳͻսܲȡֶĳ䣬ҪͨһϵΪ֪Ӱʹԭӹϵ˾£϶Ȩ
ΨˣŻ˾ĸ棬⳯͢ĸ档˾ǴǵģֻĹҪ˵ĲиŬܴɣ̼ӿѡ
ɾͲˣһְ죬һֲ˾Ҫˡ̬ȻЩʧأҺһڿͤĻһҧ¶˵¹ȣռ˵֮ȣְĿȷͭһ֮ڣΪȨηչɽˡ
ֻӦ͵ʱˣҿɲô޴ʱѱᱻ˷ĻӰ˴Ӧ´һҪǰչҺʯңԼ˻򰴱ʱ˳¡
һа׵Ӧ뵽ҶС죬ʺôĶڬB˵ɱկʵҶС죬ʲô˼Ƿڸ˳ͼɱʵʩǱĿģ
Ӧܲģһ짣ҶС죬ʲôٶʱ


66 ı
ϾҶСϪ˾ͬһԵҶСҪغصʱһ̣Ȼֻ·
··ڣҶСͭʸΨһλƷٴˣижѣͰѡ̨кһ֦Ȼǽӡʫ⻭ί֪
סһϷʵЦҶСĳҪȥׯһλҳ˳·һ̣ɫҲˣҶϵ·ɣһ·ϻҪҹСľԱ𣿹ϧˣĳҲƽ
ҶС쵽ߵĻ˻ȥ֣ɾصټ
ҶС·ˣоһˮɽϵͭʸ󣬾ɻ˺أ⻹ͭʸѺİ
ΪҶСغػҪɹҹеϹڣȴ֪һ·ȥҶСеĺܡÿʱ̣յʱҶС·ûʱͿʼЪޣʱũ˼Ｆû鳲ء
ҶСסʱѡڽϴţס޺ʳԺЩΰҲãͬʱҶСִ󷽣һ·͵ı⣬λҶةҲӹ˼֡
һհһЪޣ˵һ˼ҵĺôһլԺ򵱵˼ʮֻʼʶ죬ô磬;͵ͭʸ
ʿΧżڴˮʱĴȴţҶСͬҴҸĻƷ˵ŻҶСǰȥ֪رѶʱ˳ɢһϢ˺ȥϪ˾ڻתͭʸʱ֪ͨƷɸ
ҶСƷһ裬ЦʵǱߵΣ
ƷɵϢѾˣǴ඼֪¡
ҶС׵ǺõٵģնٸܣΪطԵɣΪԱڿڣֻûҪð֪ƽױ
Ϊð֪ಢһ£ɱΰգʹ֪֮࣬շŭʱֻ֪Ϊ޹ٴ٣Ȼ¶ҶСɲɡҶĳĿҪ֪źãŰҲ֮ˡ
ƷɵͷǣЦ˵ǣֻһԭǼͽģɾٵöˣԭп͵ţԴϢҲһλš
ҶСЦˣ˼˼ֶ̣֣ǲҪĺáȥ󣬰˵ģѾµ񣬶ۻȥ
ҶС룬ֶԻƷɵһ£ȥ֮ٴһϢ
ҶСԻƷɶ˼䣬Ʒɵͷ˳ͻȥ
ҶСôżģһ·ߵ㹻ʱ䣬ùЪһɡ
ƷɵˣЩҲŰġˣϴ㹻ɺ͸ҹ·Ҳϰ˵ġ
ðɣ㡭
ҶСͷӦĿڻƷɵɨһۣȻֻסƷɻ绹ʲôԸ
ҶС촽¶һ˿ζЦݣƵߵƷߣͿ˿Цͣŷͦϸܵİ
ҶСӣֵװĽɣͦģķʼѼóԡ
Ʒһڵӣڨڨص硭
ҶСִֻƷ䣬ȻƷڣѸٳֻװɢĺɰڵϸŵӴԧϷˮĺþ¡
Ʒһ˻ȥͨ졣ҶСЦЦؿصϵܣôŻȥǱԭɣ
Ʒɡٺ١ظЦʶӺף̬䡣ҶС˵ؿڴһ£Цģ˼֪񣬿һĵСһأȻСӽˮ¥̨
Ʒɺ磬㡭ͱȡЦ
ҶСص˵˵ʲôزˣʱܺϲư
ƷɿԿصҡҵʹ֪
ҶСЦ磬ɲǺӶʨ°ҿųɣҪȻ˼Ը⣬ҲǾߴġˣȹƼͻȥɣҪ㣬ֻҪԹҲˡ
ƷɱҶСһͨ٩ȫûлֻ֮þһҸ۵ĴɿӽҹɫУһһµգۣƺҲλɰ꣡

ǵ㣬ʫ黭ĸ顣վͥ¶̨ϣ̨¾ˮأȪˮˣζҶҡҷӳƹ⣬һͼˡ
ֶͤͤˮһĹӱƹӳһȦʵĹΣɢ˵ζһ޲ð§̽ȥŸġ
ˮᵴ˵ӦҪӪͭˣΪλǰ
ԵĿҲͶǰˮأش꣬ҶԾɵصӰÿ£Щ˾ԽԽҷˣȻҲˮɽ֮ҡ
㿴ŰɣԽȥʧȥûλԼݰ˸ҷҲԽ࣬ʱǲŻףϣζʲôƶҩ𣿡
ؿһۣӦӹţ𣡡
ЦãӦҲãΪ治ã
һŤͷȥԮˣҪҪ֣
ҡͷΪڳͣǾͻӸǣ˭ǵˣûӦҪģӦøĴۡ
һģԮȴԹۣϾɲˡ
һЦݣǶˣΪû˽ģ˵ˣƶƣôأ
üܲƺͭаţһֱ֮ҪͨľͨûҪ֪ģһ䣬ԲЩʲô
˿룬㻹ǿһºǱճɣڿ˵ںһͿأ
Цؿô
ѵǣҰ㣬Ҳڰܵôң룬̫ˣ
һΪӦԶлΪӣֺ첮ĺΪӣͲջˣҡӦĵΪһֱҹעתȥ˺أͭʷˮɽ֮ң
üô˵㽫ƾͼˣ
üһûȻǽƾͼƣǼȻںͶôôֻһУЩôأ˷ѵڿɲɰ
ԣںػһ·Ѿҵ֮УӦ˵·ûûô󣬵Ƕ˵ȴֲȻгһӦ췴ʱܱ֤·Գ͢һãѵµһ󹦣
Ȼ첮ġǷĳȫˣôܡѵں⻹֣
ЦִΧϵʳץһʳˮһƽˮʱ£ˮʳһʱӿ
ˮʳȺవ˳˵ΪΪʳ벻֪귽Ϊʼ


67 ͬѺı
ƣ֮·磬С֮²ݣ֮磬ȡԹſ˹Ե²ż汸Ϊƣڲ֮ҲΪߵ塢Ϊ˱ʣȻةҶСƸʷؿɱɡ
ʧԻ˾ԻԻ½Իƾ٣ԻãҶСռһӣʧԻ̸ԻøԶԻԴԻ֪вһԻ̰ܻߣҶСʧȫӡǹʡ
֪౾ϣضصΪΣ
Ĵָ絶ƽҲ
˿¶οЦݡ
ע⵽ЩʵؽţǾӭµʱǴ£ҶСˣӦɨľɳֺ͢ϧһةһӡݳ浯ʮþˡ
ͷΪǡ
ֵҶСʵܻ¸ʵʵϹʵЩչְοĳҵͨͭһ潼ңֻҪ˵͢ӣɳܹ죬ɳ١
صһЦ̫涨ƣߣɱһȣá֮ǰҳв֮أôټӡ
ʵ֮ǰе͢ΪʵժҶСɴñˣҶС˱ҲһˣÿÿΪʤʵеаţΪԷһػǶ౸һ֡
ҪһԱֻ׽ӰȻǲеģǰ˷棬ּ٣ͺȡų͢ˡˣΪ˽ּҲûֱд£
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͢˻Աǰ죬ôͿԶ϶͢Ѿ˼֣ʱʩֶΣǷܹ١в鵽ҶСĲٶҲͿȷҶСĹˡ
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ֹµĵǹˣ̶飬һʲôӡҪ֪ҶСϾ๦طԺǿŵطɽӡˮƻ˽󰸡
ÿһ׮ÿһĿʱ飬౾ʵҲһͶܵӡĻҶСȻˣԶҲΪϾǲֻҪҶС죬ȷһõĹޣ͢Զ̲Ǿ͵òʧˡ
Ͻ̵ԣõΣ
һһصڹ˲ԳҶСѷŭ̲ɵ׳ֻ֮ΪһӡĽڹ鵯ɡ

һʱ¶ɫСͱҶСĵӣǰõģǾڹһͬ顭ûҲûܰ
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ʵţںӡ٣ͷһѽ϶Ȼɿ𡢾һڹڦһûУҪܣ̫˵ȥ˰ɡڹҲӴٹû⡣
Ȼǰ¶ӣʵҶСŮС˽顱ԺͷŭѾ㹻ηҶСһսڹ顭
Ŵվ棬Ҳүż˽Уûү˵ҶСοɶվϣȻҶСҲ˵⣬ۼүüĻȴηηβżֻһСС˼ҳĹûټʶܰæֻܸżˡ
µص֪ҶСںһ죬ةةͷشС޲֡ǳͷôң
ЦȷҶС˷ؿأ̣ڹηԽҲԽһᣬŹж̳£ܲû˳ͷɣ
һ˵ţһ߰룺ǰֻ֪Ψʱǿѹ֪ءȴ֪Σ羭Ӫ꣬һĸҲޣͬŸһ¹ٵ¶첻ôҲرˣ
ɫת䣬һѣҲʧȥģˡҲǣں꣬ѵ˶ٲ
ϸϸˣǵС£ͽҶС죬Ӧ˵ҶСηǿơȻΪһҲδؾԸȨ䣬¶ҶСɫ¡ʹҴ˷ٱضɹӦûӦһͬ
ŵʷôҶСֻͨŹϵ׽ֻǴѸߣֻǻӵģ˭ǿһЩںǲµġôʲôôأ
˰ˣȸһߣ˵ͷܰͷǲˣĸҶС죬ѭ졭ҶСƳ籸Ҳɿѧ͹塢ѵţһĺôʩһѹӦÿ
Ѳ˾СҶܣ
˰δʹƴϡܣ
վةܣ
زִʹҵˣӦÿԡ
˾١ҲҵˣӦÿԣ
뵽绺̧ͷص֮һĹԱаա֮һҪʩ£֮һҶСĸùġ
ãˣ̶Կŵˣ͸¶ϢٶԿ£ˣʾ֮Զôһη壬Ȼټȫعţ£
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س̹֮Чʱĸ֮ҡ룬ҡڲ֮˻η˶֮˶֮ټӦͣܵʹͬǩ֡һʣ֮һˣ˵Ҳ˻ʹ棬Ͷһߡ
üβһһˡ
ҡͷдһ˿ķǣǰй¶ϢҶСźѱ취ƻ¡ߣһһʱ̫á
ڣǶ̷ĻᡣһҶС췵غأĹǣ͸Ͷˡ˵ֻҪ絽һĹԱǩ£ӼʵݾʦʱҶС֪Ҳˣ

ԥس̣ӣã˷סҶСȽթСˣһ౾̾Юݣ֮£кξգ
ҧãԣ
ҧأҲ¶һ


68 й
úԺ䣬ˡӵլԺѾӾӴмСѭһҡ߹Ҫȥ̽㡣㣬鲻ãѭ쳣죬ǲį
ӭһʮ߰˵ĴСѾмǳǳȸߣСѾߵˣйѭ죬õǽߣȴЩ
˰ˣСѾһŤҪƵģɻûȶ˲ѭȻɿ̽ȥκصһѡ
ѽ
һУסζ۾ʱˮģصѭһۣתҪߣȴѭһץסֱۡ߾ү֣ء
ѭٺһЦڲ񷿵㡣
ģأҪ
ѭﳤȥųม
˶ţŤͷ޺޵ظȥ
ĲݣڲҪʱǾ˵ֵطģʵǴ˼˶ӵ͵Ѱľȥ
ĹСڵظĹĵţ˼һأ˼ѽ
ѭһ˾͵˲ݶѣһϤϤ֮󣬹ҲˣҲˣ˿СʪģظȴĸӼˡ
ˣ֪۸˼ң
أ˷֣˼ڲ㣬øϽȥ̺ˡ
ѭֻһûϵģҶһղѽ
Ź֣
ɵذһۣСҹֶŵģΪ˼û
ѭһôСĻܱ˷֣Ѿͷ϶Ұɡ
ѭƤЦصСҹǺýٺ٣һңýá
̾˿صֻҪ˼ҺãҪԲ˼ҾС˼ֻһСѾ黨ǲݣҲܲ㡣
ѭָ췢ĵұ֤Թʵ⣬гһո˹졭
֣סͣҷģ˼
ѭϲӣ͵˸
ѭү٣ôʸء
ѭ첻ΪȻصǹأ»мôعء˼ңûйȴҲ檳ȺıȱȽǣ㲻õģҲ٣ҲΪ檣Ǻǣġ
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ֻСèƵѭ컳ָؿڻȦȦϸǡҪҶةˣŵʷ˳һλΪةɣĻܲΪʷѽǾǹء
ѭһҶةҪˣ˭˵ģ
ƲƲ˵˼ңҪ˼ǲǡ
ѭ켱æЦˣܰĹ¶˵ԼŮ˭˵ģһȥɲˡ
˵ԼŮˡһ𣬱İɣҲǸ˵Ļὲѽ˵ģ˵֪شүѾ˶ߣҶةܿҪùˣ˵
£ȫĵطֻסԱ¡µľֱ͵ȥΪϲֲزס£Ū
ȴ̺Ѿͷͱѭһһˡѭ쳤ò̫үСӣѾͷѾϴСˣ˵ܸѭ죬ǼõĹޣȻ׾Ϲˡ
ѾͷȻ֪󷿺߹ϵ̫ãǱǴ˼ҵĳ̬ѭСӺ̫үĹٳϵȻһ·Զء
ѭ카ߵѾĿֻΪĽ㣬ߵ˽˵һСȻ檣˶ӣڻĿеĵλΪͬѭ첻ϣκβڽ鷢ȴ뾹һϢ
ɫţ֮һŪùЩ͵ʱԲƨɵȷŹ㣬ϡ
Ц˼Ҫ̺ˣ߲
һ˵Ѿһ˳ȥѭһץץ˸աŹĽŲԶȥѭϵЦݽ

ҶСڷغص·ϣʱ̣ռƻЪޣߵաҶСôΪ˸ǱɢϢַ͵ʱ䡣
ҶС쾿ͭû˶ӣǱ߻֪ǰҶС˻ȥ籨ʱֻ˵أʹû˵ͭʸصĲĿ
ͬʱҶСںɢϢذ˵ͭʸزʱ֮ƫ̻أΨصԭȰڲì档
ɢϢ˵ڽȷʵ캵ֵԭʳͭʸвأһؿȡŲɡ
ҶСͨЩϢһѰǵĲ棬һְǵԤѹͣһֻܴԼɻȥԳΪ֮ϲˣʱ˭Թȣ˭ᱧԹ䲻
ҶСԼųɱȥ⽫˵Ԥ֮⣬ҶС쵱ȻŹԼĺûᣬûƷִȥһϢ
֪ԭֻһӣҶةΪذնȡЩÿӧΪ֪˷ǣǰˮɽͣĴ֮ķأΪ˸
ҶСûƷɴȥϢͨڿഫһᱻȺڷӷḻƣһΪģҪʱ䣬ҶС;ߵú
ϧͭʸز̫ԶӱҲ·̡˵ɽУ˵дʵҪóѺˣߵ̫죬һ·̶Ҳϳ룬˼ػԽԽˡ
·ϣۿ̫бֻɽϹ̤÷ʯҽɽ侹л
䱸
ӵһһ鵶ͣ£ǰٶܣìϣйŹ׼
ֻһˣ̫죬ҿԿʿһŴԹ빭棬һڳڱϣӧѺôӣܲһֻɽǰڣӦԾͳˡ
ҶСִţȻԾصƷɣ
ҶСϽеҪżԼˣ
ǰǰܸոһֹɱ⣡ߴҶСĴǰȵ·
ǰìһҷֿҲѼʸָ棬ȫ䱸šò˵֧ͭ˽ս൱ģȴ󲿷Ѿ˻ũٱҪǿࡣ
Ʒһ·ͣӶǽмֱҶС߹ҶСһסΪ̫ãɷ飬ЩվȵĻƷɣƷɣȥ˼٣ǳ˴£


69 Ժ
յƺͬԱǷֻү棬Ī˷ܡ֮´ãֲַòμõѧ͡ѵ˰δʹѲ˾޴ˡվة˷׷׸ϵʶһҪ·
µˣԷرУһʷǶ£ûµľͻǩѺøתתƣϣһʱȷϢĹԱȴʼû˳
ڶõĻһʱҪʼǺġѪڵĸоѾܾòйˡСǸĸеĹԶӣھеĹԺӣеĹѧѪľ̫ˡ
ؼǵԼС˴ܵĴΪСֻһܣʱҵļҾûռҶףʱΨһһ˽ѧҵɫѧһ꣬žꡣ
εʱǰߵǸӲͣСʱС˵סڣǺϸ˵˾䣺磬Σ㲻Ҫ˵
ʱֹԷŤͷʱÿĵ죬Ժصһۣһȴ޷⣬һ̵ֱ¿ΣֻբͻȥסǸſڴƻƵСӡ
ôܵĻûӮΪôȭֻǾŶԷ·ӿõһֱյǰ档ǳˣǾףȴǳ˷ܣѪҺþ֮һȼհĸо
ʱѪҺƶһһǵģʱһȭҳȥǽϣҲʹĸо˿ָ̣оΥĸоѪ
ɨŶеĹԱѾùҶСʮ״ȫΪ֮ȻûõжְĻ֪Ƿʲô裬ÿ˶ǵĴүƺЩͬˣĿ쳣ơ
زִʹ˾Ѿ̬֧ˣڻǿžĻʳ󣬱֤˷ҶСصزִʹ˾վϵķ򽥽Щˡ
٣СҶɺƴϵǿҷԣûѹס֪صȻƿĻԽԽϲָоһ㣬ƮƮɡ
ΣԸ뱾һͬ
ìͷ׼˰ֻ֣ҪҲضֻһҡڲĹԱ۹۱ǡǹģ·ɮ붨һԲ
̧֣صѹѾдõϣʣΣ
˼ţȻջټԡѹӡΪȨĸˣԭΪ£һͬҶС죬Ϊ˷˰ޣϴӦǰŵȻǲˡ
ɵҶС죬ֽ֪ĻҾǺȨλߵĹԱϵһұƷȻͣбϾΪ٣ʱ᲻ҽκӡ
뵽Զͷһȣ鷿֮еΪƣ
мףҪѡˡ״ʵǡҶС족֣ǰʹ򶨵⣺ҶСΪУҪΥǰô
ǸةһϾֺ̲񲿣ֺ˵ҶС죬ȼ̰ʱһưˮ

ڶô磬ͼڹԱʱĺԺȴ˻ҶСʱȻŷ˵Ĺ֮Уŷ˵С鷿ڡ
ҶС鰸ˣգ죬ͷϸܵĺ飬һڱݽҧ´һԲҶС˫ְϥɫ˿ǵôˣ
߬ȭ£ҷ㲻סɱ£Ӱ
ҶСصȻ˻ߣ
ŭˣ壬ǵܵͨ籨ţ㵽ڻڹʱ򡭡
ҶСʱǷҪһͶܡܸͬŵչְǲҲù٣һҪǽ壬ʿ಻ɵã
ںԣ֪㲻ǳ͢׼ɷ£ְΪ񣡡
ҶС̩ȻҵȻſڿӣ˼ȻеҾͽһ鳯͢͢᲻̶ɣ͢ҶĳԱ磬ɷܹңǲǣ
ŵȻ
ҶСãʱҶĳ֪£ΪĶԸ𣬱˭ܷ뺦ңûа취ĨɱһжҲ֤ݣץסİѱ
ҷ磬ʲôѱץ
ҶСô
ҶСǽһָˣšɽˮͼ֮ǰŶֵһǧӣ˵㲻ǡŻߡأ
νŻߡֻŶ͹ԱȴﵽлߵĿģԵøšԱʱ黭ŶӻȡǮҲһӲͨˡͼҶСϱ߻ҶС˽ء
ŭǿ͵ģĪл֮ˣ
ҶСһصҲ¹ܱƲ֪ش
ֻſڽࣺ㡭㡭
ҶСĿһתֵûǴĻ֪ͨµ̣һʣ
ŵһ˫۵
ҶСЦЦصԵָС̸塯ɼӡ֮ӡһףҲ׬檵ӡ֪֪ؿӡⱾʫɢļӣ׬˶ٰ
鲢׬Ǯǵкڣڳҵķչ顢鿪ʼΪһӮҵ鼮˹ϵУԱֶǴһйԱӡ׬ǮˡԳ͢涨ԱԳӮߣְ죡
һλѧˣԼ˹¿ӡ飬˵һʵְˡҲ˵ԱдԣӪְ֮ǿǿҪϳ͡
ϺθʢҼҿû׬һӣΪӡ飬ЩǮء
ҶСֵֻ̯̯Ƿһ֮ǣ˭ȷأ¹ȥǶһ⣬ȥݷðݷñؼλʿ˵ǻô֮λ޴
ɫһףҪݣ
ҶС췴ʵѵָժҶĳʵ
ֲˡ
ҶС΢΢һЦֵѭֳ£ǲģҵѣΪ£Ϊ𡣵һķ֪ĻǴүķڻھӪ̫үӪķǺǡ
ѷѭ첢֪ΪһԸҶСʱԸصķѻҵĺۼĨȥôЩͽϳˮȷ캦룬ûã벻ҶСʵһֱ֪ķĴڣҲ֪ķ̫ү̨
ŷشĻ㲻Ҫ˵ˣ
ҶСЦЦת˵ˣھʦɵĽ飬ڽ긮бԵݣҪ˾˵˭˭Ӯ˵ֻҪôΪʤҪôͬھԷ˵ֻһɷһᶪְٰѣԣѭ£ʹǰ֪˻أǾңǾĽɷ򣡡
йƤƵ۾Ỻ£ʵصҡӦ㡭
ҶС΢΢һЦߵߣĵص˺ܴȴдޣǻ֪صĸ


70 
ѻȸе˶Űϱαɫģ˽սͷϸܵĺ顣
ۼĸˣʱҲܿϣһһƷĹԱѹȳģˡһһص
һΡΡϲ˲¹ش󣬿ɷ¹١һ¡
Цһ½վҪ೯͢ɵȲã֪㾿Σ
ƺˮ۽ǣ͵ر˱۾ǰȻԼ鷿еĺϱ߿հ׳Ȼ֡ҶС족ֵҶСΪƣ
͵ſ۾Ի¹ٸʱж̣ԺعԱ˽⣬״¹ȫ֪Ȳ֪£ʵڲǩ£ˡ
סˣۿǰģΪϾҪԼȵ˭ͻȻ֮ȴݱ䡣дȨյջиҶС죬κΪһӡĻᣬȻܾˡ
һˣҶСӼɵ֪ҶСƴȴҲû뵽ҶСƾ֮ʹλη֮绢һҶСľҲˡ
ҪҪ˯Ů˵Ļ쵰Ҫϴˢںְǰ̿ԣٵκεطΪ٣ҲⱻǿܿյĿܡ
룬˶԰ĺǳ֮ǣǺЦҲæžܾٺú룬ı⣡ŵʷжˣԲɣԸ뱾
ŵʷһֱͷȻ㵽֣ŵʷһƴϺѲɫѾȻէİܾǩˣŵʷһ˳ҶةӦ뻨֪֣ͱһ
ŵʷҧأϼýģһ̧ͷ˵ͷ¹ԸҶة
Ѳƴסˣ˴Щšн滨ΪĻᣬסջŵʷǳԴʲôҩѵĺôڰ
ȴ֪ڽʱ̹ҶСֶΣʶҶСŪλЦõĳ棬ҶС̲ŵʱ򣬿ǰѶԺºӦ츮ϷŪˣȴˡ
ټϰڽ̼꣬лḴðŵҶСȴδذõķաŵʷȴȻ˼Ͼ͸ˣԲְٵˡ
֪شӦ͸ְǰΪıˣΪΪӾƷ٣ƷͲְˣ˵ʱһݡ
ջ˵ԶȰõòƸĺôջΪɻл壬Ҳûˡοԭش̫˽ݹٳӡٵݣһЩͬţһ֣ʧܵĿܡԣðա
ŵʷĶ߳ļΪ޹ģڶеһĶһһӷǰ󷢺ڵҲʧˣһоЩѵĸоæץ豭ڴڵغˮ
а룺ôŵʷŵʷдӦ°ҲͲܾˣƽһʵڿϧҲΪ˺ÿûаҲһܳɵˡ
õŵʷŵϲϳȴֿ˽ͺͻѵѾһЩ˵ǣоҶС״λѧĳ֮ģ˽ͺͻѵǺؽ̻٣һµĹȴҶСһô˵ķߺޡ
ֻҪ˽ѵͻѵͬعͷٶ԰ӲʩһȻҲҪӦģʱֻƴһСҶľͷɲˣؾةҲǽơ
ԽԽɤӣŤͷڲ׵Ļƽ͵ƽͣڱص飬㡭
绹δ˵꣬ſһֽУһֻè˲βͣ漴Ȼֹè˸˺
ǹֽڶſڸĸۣŭתͷȥһץľҪϳ£ͼҶСһһߺ˲ͣع֣һֻвè
ҺðҺãѲã˽ͺããˣô
ץžľĿɿڴؿҶС죬״аᰡǻղŵôôᡭôᡭ

ͻȻһֽУϣŵûһ£еľľʧֵ䣬һǷϡ
ѭȥͼŵʷϡֱ㶵ǡذֻ۾ɵˣָҶС죬źϼ£زһᣬˡһˤӣ漴ϻȥ
׵СҶǾ˳ֻݣѸ̽һץһѾס죬ûڵأͼŵʷɫ࣬°ĭɫϣɫ԰ףȻʡ¡
СҶˣŵʷͻؼ
ŵʷļһһɵģ౾ѳܴ̼ȴҶСͻȻð˳Щ鵨ӵŵʷŹһӴٷļͳģ
¶ʱһƬңϽжһŰ壬̧ŵʷȥҽΣȰŵʷ̧ߣϵĻҲƽ
ҶСŵʷҲеƣ֪ʱڶټ˾Ϊ˶ԸյǰԲδŵʷͻĻȻڿŵʷľҲ³˼֣ǡôô
ʵҶСȻ߻Ӳţ첮ĺͷԸҲֻǻһ˶ѣŵʷֻԵСҡźĽɫᣬô͡
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ǿЦݵȥм֣ͭʸչˣҲ֮УҶةˡ
ҶСл¡ˣȫعԱټڴˣ֪°
϶ʱֱѻȸˣе˶磬类ô˫۾ţʱáɽ󡱡ҶСһ˲˲ضŻ磬Ķͷ˺
һͿȣһ˻磺ˣһ·ôȴˣǰΣѱѡΨһߵˣ
뵽ɫһ࣬ټڹţڴΪٵĹʧ𣬴͢㡣
ҶСȻңˣ㲻ǿЦɣ
ͺôῪЦشϷԡ㲻˾ܻ¸
ͣͣͣͣͣҶСӲӬƵĻ˻֣ϻĻֱ˵صЩͲˣ֪һϵģ
ҶСһλˣڹԱɨһۣͬжĹԱɨһۣᡢ᣺˵Ҫң֪λӣɷһ


71 󵹸
žķ·һسûһվһվŵʷ˼Ѿˡ
ŵʷļż٣ǩѺҩö֮ڹ඼֪ļ˿ļ⧷ҶСĪϵǽҲã־Ҳã֮ҶС
ڹԱУΨаô룬ʱǳ˷ܣһͽѺȫҶĴ󣬽һѣȻǴ󣬶Ǵòٴıӣͨɱǻÿһϸֿ˻
ڰҶСǰϵȻڴ˵أһ漣ŵʷļ⧷ҲԲ⣡ҶС조ˡţʷһ֤ҶСġˡ
زִʹ˾ֱð麹ǻ֪صˣû취ӻ֪صƬ֮ǰǻû֪ش˷ȲʤȯΪ˻裬ҶСһ֣ʲôûʲôû˵Ǿ͸оľ
ǰǻ֪ϵˣǲûʲôҶСԣԶԴ˼ɵ־ĸоûжôǿң˿ǵվҶСĶ棬ͷѹʵݡ
ۼҶСһȻֻǾǶϻЦģѱȥ漴ʧأ鼱֮һץǷ£ƺһӾӵĪ
͵һĹȵҶة붲ͬţزǱıƣе֮£ֻҪϳ͢Ϊ㻹ˣ磿
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϶ʱˣԸӡϲ¶˹ŹֵˣŵʷȻˣ˻Ʋ飬ŶЦǾȻͷǰҲ̫ˡ
վҲסˣʵû뵽޵Ⱥں֮ھ˲һҶС컹ûаô鳯͢ȨֹôֻҪµ˻ʵУܴȥ
ҶСҲסˣŵʷļȻҽ·ˣҶС˰ΣɤӣԻˣǷݺ̸ǻŵʷĺ°ɡ
ҶС컰һ䣬ƴϺСҶ㸽ȻѾվ׼˳ˡ󼱣ѾԼƵû·ɢ˳ҲɢˣҲ޷ȡһˣǰѾͬĸ
ȵɣ˼δˣδԸ˭Ҫ£ҶС죬㲢˽˶Թ˾ȫΪ𢣬Ϊ˺ΪһΣۣǶȻݲˣةҲϾ鳯͢㡣أǰͼӡᣬ೯͢
֮ǰ̬ԸһĲִʹ˾١˱һɫվʧǵǰߣвԶִʹͻȻһᣬˡһˤڵϡ
Աߵ˾ؼջһ£һʹǰͷεʱдǴ˵£Ҳ١εδ̫ӣһϸȥʹɫصѽʹɼ¹ȥҽ
˵ձʹһֱۣʹڵϣؽҧֱͦͦķ·²ʡûҧгݵصװ⣬ҼҪ߲Ҳߣ
ʹһʱӣʹ˵صİվ˫ĿȻգߣԱƤתתԼûʡ
סˣû뵽ִʹ˾پȻ޳ܵ˵زۼѾ£ŷӦȵأվסʹȥҽ¡
ǵ˾ٵģʲôĳûʲôıʹһô˵ذһᣬŸһҽż⣬ԼԼ˸ӣѽһУʹһƣԼһͷʯס
ۼǰһˮƽשذһ᣺ˣҪԼһϵؿסֳŵصıӲԼĶͷ͵˸ܽӴ顱һˡ
ҶСϣۼ˿ЦһĻЦԷǣ̫ˣôô
ЩͬŤͷȥ磬ۼľжʹóΪ˲ϡսԲУɳ׾ˣĿڹԱһһӹĲͬ顣
ҶС춼ͬʱıݺݵشһʹѪˣʱ˽ѧͬѧһʱ
̵̡̣޿̣ʵ˾ͻر綶Ƿ£ãزƴƣûôûؾͶ飬ҿҺΣ
شЦ˱ʣΪ֮ǰؽڹԱ׳鲢࣬Ի绹ûд֣ʱû˸ˣֻö
ҶСվ̾ˣ¹ʲûκζԲ˵ĵطʵ벻Ϊζ¹ٳɼ֮壬Ҷĳţ͢һỹҹ
ҶС˵ѹñժУԻ֪صӣ¹Ѿغˣ֪شүͭʸͱӣаŷŰɡ¹Ϊ֤ףְͣڼҹʥã
ʵΪھǾǵسвų˵ְ֤ͣףͬʱҲ㳯͢죬λѱٸһ˾»ʵ۴ּ
ڵطȴһ˵ؼЪţǹ˭ԽһһʡܶѲ˺ƴսַµԷ״Ǹθ٣˭Ҳκβ˭
ҶСȻ˻ΣȫǹٶⷽĳʶȻ˵ΪطҲأôһ֡
ЦҶС죬Ϊ㣬ͣͲôãҪְͣɵ㣡
ҶСˣɴñһţ֪΢ЦȻ׼ˣ¹͸ˡģҶĳţصƿʱϣʱɻɼͨ
ҶСⷬʵ˵˼治ңѴ̣ʱҶСǺة㻨ȴ֪Ҫȥδˡɻ粢ô룬ҶС΢Ц쳣գҶСⷬҲ˳в
ҶС죬ʲô˼ĪҲ֪صɫٿȻҰףɫصıزɣ
ҶСüͷһ壺˺γԣ
֪ضڹǶˣҶСвءȼţʲô⣬һҶСΪʱΪ֤Ϊһ
ҶСĻˣŭˣʲôֱһɺԣ
լȥᣬһ˫ҵ۾վѭ쿴ŽɫСص㣬ҪҶةɣ
Ȼ˼ȥֻҶةԾ㶼١ûбķˣ
ѭ̾˿һ㻳ģԭġ
Ŵϣö˶˵ƫҪȥҶةҶةΨ첮ġЩ˶Ю޲ߣҶСĶ֣ѲԾȣһȻԹޣҲֻѡõ߰ɣȥã


72 㱬Ҳ
һۣͼʹſԱߣһ˫תһСʲô״ǻòţ
ʹѹвʣŰɡ
ҶСͻ̬֮ңҩζŨټ˶֪Ǽͻؼûˡ
شӦһȻʹε£޺Ǵղſ޳ܡ
ʹȻ˵磬ҲòĶȥ
죬غ
ʹϽۣһֻ۾ѭŽŲ͵͵ȥһ˱ŵֻ۾Ҳ͵ſˣˣ
ѭͬߵſڣȵؿ˿ڽµԱĿɿڴؿЩĪûԱȨʲô
ȻǹʱֻǽŲһ٣Ʋʹˣתȥ
϶ǱعԱԱķ֮ҲоۻᣬǴλˣֻһ棬˭ֹ˸ŵ˶οܵҵҲֻˣ϶ʱһ
ץžľҶСŭشǹལ˸һſǴδڶóֹ羪ȵضŵˣ㡭ô
ֹĿһ͵͵ҶСһۣҶС챳˫֣ûпҶСǰԣŰһᣬԻүȾ΢ʵڷĲ£ԡүȥЪϢ
ŭһɺԣʲô΢
ү
ΪѣֹתԵܵѭȥȥϢ
ѭϾٲǰҪȥ磬һƿȵ´죬Ҳȸ˼ҺƷСܽģȥϸҳȥ
ҶС΢΢תϴһĨЦ⣬űһһҲ¼ħҶС죬ҶСƷǰԼԼɷɤѭ죬ȥ
־ŭİˣ㾿ʲôڹǰΪûйأѵˣѷ˺ѭȥ
ۿүүĴս˷޶˵Ļս˶ֻϹۣ˼ҵļ£ǲҲͲá۵˴үķԸȴܲ¡
߽Źֵˣ˳ãĪҪСΪѡ
źҲߣүʲôǵլȥ˵
ʱŭͷΪۼѣϧȣʵǺ޼ЦҺạ̃
ΣֻܵһˡҪǰסŵĸ첲Ӳϳȥ

Ŵһֹۣ˻һۣ翴ǸΡ飬ŭ㣺Ϊļ߳Ķûˡ
һɨڹԱһۣɫľȻصµܲ˵ˡλˣ׾򡭡ؽƵ󰸣˼ǣļ䣬Ϊʵ䱾⡣׾Ѳ£ൣ
䡱һöʱɧ˶ѾȵĿͶ֪أϢʵ̫ˣǳǸҲ޷ˡ
ԴһΣץеľľٶʧֵ䣬ડһڰϣŵصţ£ˣ㡭˵ô
˵ɷˡļļոձȥŵʷļɲһ¡ļе֣ȿָ࣬ҲָԡķΧҲܹ㣬ϵĲ飬ҲǾϵĲ顣
ϷԵġؽƵ󰸣˼ǣļ䣬Ϊʵ䱾⡱ļָľǾ񲡣յʱͨ˵ǡʧķ衱
񲡵ΪȻˣɵ˵ӳָϣ˭᲻ţ輤ץľƴţྲྲңŮңûû裡
˿˭Ҳû˵ԽİѲĵ˼һЩȫ롣
֪ĿҪˣһʵʲôҶС죬ةϴӦһʵۣةҲͷˡеһȫģҲᡣҲҪţ߱Żɵ̬ȥ֤ñٸĹԱںεأ³ģ
Ҳ˵֪شѾᡱһȨڹٸɥʧΪһȨڼɥʧһ֮ӦеһȨ类˼ܿҲһˣΨһα˼ܿյǳףΪһ˵ʸ񶼱ܿˡ
û裡û裡û谡
ôΨһֻڹԱ˷財źѭʹ˵ر飬˼Լжϣ֪شˣһǷˡ
ðɣðɡҷֻ̫ˡǺǺǡʵû裬ֻǹߣҪңòã
ȻʶʱֵԽǷԽ˻ɣע⵽Ҳתһʱ׼ֹ˵ģ
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һ˵̲סǱףҲûһͨУң
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ſɷʹ࣬ˮ̲ס¡μҶС˵Ļ֮ԵˣƾԼжϣҶСĽͬģʲôɲô
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ܵĽǣҶСûеɷȴˣΪﱻչְΪ񣬻صΪ۵ڸɷҪʧȥĲǻ;ǰ̣
ҪһУֻҶСԣɷ֡ɷҲ֪ʲôаΨ첮ǰ֮ȴϵº͵ҶСһ֮ӡ
֣ûԸɿԶ鳯͢ûֹҪ治ɣֻһ취ҶСİ취û֪ط
ʧķ衱ֳơ֢֮ҽûȷʶԾ񼲲ķҲܷҽţЩļΪĻ˥о֣־֮ʱˣʧӶҲ˵ļܹ֪ؾиĻᡣ
һ㲻ܸˣ֪ػְ֢ԱƷشҲڣҲǡڴסΪٵȨԱְǰҲ̫
ȻְΪ񣬲ǡڴסɢ٣Ҳ޸ĻᣬŻ֪ܲȡ᣿οҶС˵ܵܵ˵¶๫û׬Ǯܵߵڰ׵ߵŵùô
Ȼݿģֻ֪ΪļҪӺԼոԡʧķ衱֮ջ᲻˵ʧȻһˮ﷢ʬ壿
ԽԽ֣ǣһ㤵İԣ


73 С
ۿҪǶԹŮıݺʵʧķ飬ʱҪ˰ڲһҧҲ˲ʲôˣ֪֪㡢㣬ֺң
ָָţָָҶС죬ҧгݵصԼǣǹɼ飬жԴĻǵҪҡ
ˣֱˣŸոձ֪ػ˷財ľԣֱ֪֪ط˽ͨİԣݸӻ𱬣
ǡ
Ϊʲôô
֪ػȻŤͷȥѲ졢ֻһֱ飺ķˣȻǷˣ
ģģ
缱ˣҶС鷿зһݡӵĹ鷿һɽˮͼҶС٣˭֪ݿľҶӣСҶʤ֮˵ջҶζ˵ô
û뵽ɷΪ֤ûз裬ȻԼһʱͺ죬ˮʵδ뵽ǰķޣվȻ˾飡
ѭŭȵҪǸݡҶ¾ʱûк㻭˷Ҷ˻ҲѰ
ڻֱϣ䴫Եة߷֣ҲŰɵģδȫȻɷ軰⻰Żûз裬֤ʵ˻ˡ
Եҳ󲻿˻ó棬ڳ飬ݵˡû裬ᵱڱɥѹҶСΪة֪൱ƣԸҶС죬ѹˡ
ģûаţ
ۼ˵Ŀͬ飬ҲǷˣּ״εغһҹ裬ʱ֣ȥҶ鷿ۿˡ˶£ΪҶС֮߳¡
λȴˣֻΪǷĻ̫˰ɣҹģ֪֮аݷã֪طǺεеݣة˽飬𡢹ٻھС۵ĻĻ᲻ôҹǱȥҶɷڼң
ҶֲǿžͼԷСС˼ңŵһ֪ۡصǾȻܣҪ֪ض鷿֪үΪһˣ־Ȼֱʱָ֤˷財ʱ˵
ⷬûͷûԵĻةˣֻлǷĻ˷財ʱҲٻɡСҶʵȥˣüͷϽ֪شȥϢţ
۵СҶԸǰߣ󼱣ûз裡Ǽ˹ҪңˣһǱǺģû裬û谡Ұ
ԽԽԶԭɫ԰ףͻȻе飬Ѫɫˢһ³øɸɾò԰ֽ֪ԭһҹɷѾ˲ᡣ
ɷ䣬ҶСĺ⣬еһУϵº󣬶һˣֺֻޣ޲ɷ˵ᣬʰֻһǰһڣȥ
ѭ켱һһѱס㣬ƳɵҶСǶ龰һ̾ѭȥЪϢ˼飬ʰ
ѭɫصص˵ͷĬĬ˳ȥ
˽Ϳ˿ɫڹԱһۻ׵ĺ룬λݵĹԱ֪ߵ壬ţϧڵĵ֮£ڣԣԣ
ƴϡСҶ˷׷׹ֵ˽˵ǣҵȽˡ
ҶСԭΪ߻𱨣˷֪Եɡһᣬȴ̲ɫֱ첮ĺɱ֣Ҳɰĺ
СҶҶСɫļ򣬿ο֪ػܲһҶδ棬㲻ҪԼ顣ﰲοţȴֹ֪طˣĪ˽ɣ֪طҲϣţѵɫͷһѵ
ҶСǿһЦȻ⸱̯ӣõǺã
СҶ֪򲡲£ةӦִ֡
ҶСҡҡͷǱ֪صˣֱ֪ôϢȡ֮һӦ񲻸˲顣ҶСұô񣬺οΣҲñܱɡ
ҶСתͷһҾϿҵص֪ش˲֮ǰҪˡ
ŵ֣ҶС㱾Ʒٵְ֮Ʒ˼㡣ңν֪أ챾ν죬Ҳˣȫ֣
ҶСϣ̬ŵǡĳְ֪񣬿ɽҾָʰة˶ָʾС
СҶĵ˵ָʾ˵ָ㣬ҶС쵹ǹĺܡ
ҶСͷ֣ͨˡ
棬ۼ鷢չģرһᣬÿҶС죬ǲһչ㱻ҶСһ·ôôһֱĪҶСǿģ

ҹɫһҿջſڵҹƮҡš
һС߽ƹĵƹģҼҹӿһϷ
̨棬ոս˵ƹ˸Ƿſڿһۣһӱƺ¡ƹĵأóǼһ¡
ǵġ͵͵ˡ
Ǻǣ͹٣ʵڶԲסûС겻
˵ͷôôСأЩǮˣ쿪ϷݵÆ¡
С֪ͯ缸գסҲûôڲɡ
˻ô
ضүͭʻˣôҶةҶˣר˾̷ΰĹԱֻҪڣ㿴˭ͼЩôɷ
⡭
ޡ;ȥɣϺҲϢСĶţ
ſǹӵͿһߡ
һһ߽ҹɫջȻرա
߽ҹɫ֮еغСˣ̻Ȼɥ֮Ȯ뿪ãҪȴʱȻеģǡװдݡ
ڻ֪ر˵ɷȦˣҶСѾӻĸ֮뻨֪عܵ˾˭Ͷ޿ջôҡ
СǲԭǴ󸷣˸ҹ䲢ûʲôѲҹı䣬̵̻ضݽСԥ֪ȥδһޣǰյţҡҡλε
æһʱУǳ̻ߣƵƣȻǴ˼ҹӡ࿶ÿֲ֪ͣǳ˵ʽһϽޡ
յȽȽ˽ǰŵƵĹȻСˣæһǰʩ̨ˣ·˵أͷ̨֪ܷæٸȥʤм
˵䣬˹˹ĵֱһƼյףʱֱ۾һźᡢܿεףЦģ˵㰲ȥȥ𣿡
һĨֱԣصϣԥ˫ϥһ̡߲һڵأ׵ԸӴЧҴˣǰΥ


74 鷳
úլһվУһ˫ͨͨ۾ŭŽܣЦǳɹˣ˶ΪǷӣٲҵĻôˡ
ѭŭǶΪãΪܳɹΪܶõҶةΪƨɺܸɾ
ѭ죡
ֹ˵ܵܣȥ
ѭ쵣ĵص㣬
ҡҡͷģ˺ҡ
ѭԥ㡭
ŵǷҪ˵Щ强ȳȥɡ
ѭΣֻڵ˳ȥ
һŵү㵱Ȼûз裬֪
Цŵǣ£ȷ»Ҫأ֪֪㡭Իǰ̡
û˵꣬ͻȻݺݵһסĲӡһ˫ֻʶһ̧ͷˣŻŤףɫǳƽ
Ϣӽͺ죬ȴʼմһĨƽЦ⡣ҪϢˣŸɴ˫۾һ飬뵽ʶһĻ
ҵ䣬̼˼Ծֳ裬ռҼ主Уռףûм˾ߣί䡢
ǵãʱֻŲϵعοǶʱǽ֪మɼĭǵһʱž۾ҲǺģߵյĺ죬ǰɰ
ֶסˣţͻȻſ֣˼һ˫棬ˮָ
ŴڴڵشϢţòŵ˺˼ԻҲ֪ȥҶȻֱӴֻñܵ£Ϊ޷ΪλǶ
˵С޶˻Ҫ˵ˣ
̤ǰһ򶨵صҪ˵ҵȻҪ˵ΪʵҲ˵Զף
ŭŵ㻹Ҫʲôѵۿģм٣
ǣһĨЦݣ㿴ʲôأֻҲҶة֮£ǲǣҳǶһΪŮ֮ô
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ҲǾŴ£ŴҴҸȥҶС飬㡭
ŴĻŵһʣ˴£Ϊβһֻ֣һŮӣΪҪԼķȥһλαȫԼô
ŵүӦüǵãҶةܸ棬Ѻڽ꣬첮ĳûȨ·Ͼ裬սµɣѲȨȨץС
үʱ޲ߣҶةԽ귵أү׼ƣ첮ģԽΪˣȨүհǰ˺󣬲ϴӦ֮үƹӡŵĻᣬд°ɣ
Ż磬ǵú£һǡة첮衷һǡ衷һΣۼүϲϣΨִŲòͷ¶棬үҶة飬ǰ飬õϣү飬ϽүȨأ
ȷôһ£ʱ޼첮ģȴһֱûԿΪ˵£ѼϼܣƵ·ӲͷƤ첮һս
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㵰Σ૵صһΪҴ㣬ΪҪ£ΪβҼң
ſЦҹйŮҪͣ˵үһĸԣηӲǰʱ򣬱ڰүү֪ˣ֮Чݱһʱ˭뵽
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Ķҡԥؿţ㲻ƭң
ȻҡҡͷѱΪӣĸ㣬ֺαض˵ⷬô
סˣ˰ΣͻȻŭ˵ĶģһΪƫҶС죿˵ҲˣҲķ
Űŵķ·һĲϼָӡȻ˵ƫҶة
ŰҶС˵йػһӦ״оһ飬ϳ͢ΪҶةԴУʲô³Ҳںʲô³ں۳ɰܣõĽֶǰչְѣҶةҲܱһڴסٻ֮˵һôѡ񣿡
˵ίˮʶؾٲǰҪΪᣬֻ˾֣㵹˼һֻйƤ̱ϣ棬صܣܰ

̣ȡġľѻᰡɼڰ
ҶСڰ֣һ²һ£ӣӰ

̣йػ֪ػְ֢ͣ¿ݽ͢
Ѿίаȥˡ
ˣ˰̣±ɶһֲٰ죬Ѿһĸ壬ҿΡ

뻨֪֮ĸ˶Թģ˵֪˼ǣż֢һֻ͢ЪϵԱصةĪһֻ谾֪ڽҲƷ˳£٣ٺ٣
ЦúգƺҶСѾƷõλϣΪʦүҲʽʼΪĻıߣҪĸ壬裻ʹٳò⡭
ҶСָòաأعϵعˣҶС뵽ԼһֱûһܰİʦүصġͶϡ˭ؽɫҲ̫ˣҡôе㻰أ
ؼҶС츧еص̿ЩʣҪҪ
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ҶСЦֻǾãأӦõ͵͵һЩЩ飬Щʱ˵ɡ
˲һԹԹҶС죬ȻǡøЩʲôأ
ʱͼǱһ˦һ˫ƳƽĴȣèȵҶСϽ״ʦôû֮أҵݣĪλǱ˿ҡ
ƵҶСĲֻһأһλةķǱӡԴӵ֪ԼмӺͺ˵Ҳ˵ҶСеĺܣĸз֮˽Ӵ
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ҡСȣ첽ӭǱأҶС챧ͷ


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ҺõҭɤһʱĿɿڴ
Ҷˡ
Ǳ߽СͤЦ˵֪ش˻£æµʱôȴŶȥء
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ǱԳһЦ׸۶˼˵ʲôֻЩ˼ȻУūȥɽΣ˵ңңֻ˼ֻͬס˼뿴ء
Ǳ˵ţһӾͰҶС졣ȥˣӽҶСĿɫϹɫڻȫʧʱȡʲôԷģҲں
ҶСüֻεضܡ
رǱǶһãûɰλǱзɫ̣ҲĿŵ޹˼ɣ¡Ρ
һתֻתԶɤẉ̂ǰԺϢ㸰һˣҪ̡
ҶСʯŲһŲǱϸһҶСԴһ⻰ವһµǱ룬Ҫ£ҶĳҪȥһˣɩҪңң˿Σȥɡ
δˣҶСӳСͤǵȥǱıӰոĹĵض˶㣬ҡСȴЦĳҲɽһС
ǱȻ̧ͦͷߣ⣬첲һգǡسȵ⣬صʱ飬Ӵһȱ䵽ϡ
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Ǳ˼һ󣬱վѴӶˣ˷ţԹȡһͰ򿪣ߺȻһ߾µ󣬺СɣԱ߻֦ͷֽţϵ
ⲻǾ󣬶ʵԪʱ͢ʹͭԪʱʧˡķرǰķҲҪ࣬ɽʹõ
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ǱСؽ⿪ʸͷֽ򿪣¶͸ϵɫͷһЦȻ㲻һǡҾöȡ㹷书˵ãҲ֮ܲɣ

ҶСȻҪȥðֻþʹ뿪ۡɽЩӴ֪أҲɵɫʵеģҲ̰ռǰãҪΪǿ̰١
˵ˣġҵġʵ̫ǿһȨƵλԸںǷ츣һ󱻰գںΨһָꡱܷ˾⡣
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׷˼£ԼʧͼҶС߽ǩѺϽ밸ӭֵѽة£ֻ¹ٽôͶǰ
ҶСϡǵãֿ׻Ի֪˵ةةҲ˵ˮתֵƨˣȻʧЦ
ҶСˣԸСͯ˲ϹϾص֪кָʾʾ¡
ҶСʲô¶ԸǱһ˶ĲðҪҸطѰˡҶС룬űӵ֪շúпУ̫ͬ׾ӡСһΣ

һᳵ߰Ļʻ˺سǡ¶һݵף׵ͷ׵ĺ룬ƺ·ÿ̵һ˿˿̳·
˵һ˫۾ȴ񣬹֮һ־þλȻȻѬճ֮짣ݴĴܹܡ
ܹܿɲʿ˼ҵĴ£ǺͺʱڵĹְܹƣǾһץҪӦΪĹǴ짾Ƿˡ
⵭һɨַ˴Ըֱȥվɡ
째ϵվԶϽӭһ짱ϲص˼ôˣ
짿ӣһЦ·ͭʣ㡣
Ӷ˽С£ԶΪ׶һ裬ƷŲ裬ԶѯһںصԶһֱΪںΣ짵Ȼֻ֪ջһƣӦǲĴ½һëͷСȥеġ
ҲûбҪ˵࣬ӵġӦǷѺΪӪص㣬ٶ˵ҪģҶ˲óеΣҲġ
ο㼸䣬ֶԶӵ㲦һȻδǱ壬ݴݣǱ幫ݣǱ嶼ûбܲĵʵˣأ

Զ֧һ£壬˾֮һֱңңϵȥҶңңȥˣӦûᡭסһɡ
ԶǱ年ҶС죬ΪǱκʵʹϵûֻ£Щ治öԱ˽ףԶ˸ѡ
ԶȶԸ˹ȥȥĸ˺أϱȴݼ˶ޡĹϵɵġ
ŷõʱʵͦ磬ִʱҲӣҶСͰһ̫׾ӣʢ¡ƹһλﵽˣϽ߳Ϸӭȫ̺λү̺΢
֮䣬ҶС췢ְЩôʾͣսսϹϾģҶСΣ˲ƽƽƺȵҲûζĺ˱ɢ˾ϯ
ҶСתɽϸۡŻصȥݴţ˻յǱΡⰻȻҲ׷Ƕ˸δǰһ㣬Ǳǻңһ
ҶСȻ˿ǡ޳ܵظеԼƺеʧĸо֮򲻹Զ֮ѷֺֹŮء


76 ʧ
ǱԳЩط˯ˣһٹѾ£ѣ˯ۣӷȡ°ҹ£ְǾö˾綾СĴãȻӣããҹɫ
ǱĵزȻ۲լ򣬷ݶסԺʱǱһϲèһӯǱҶСס
ҶôãҶ˽˸һһľλãһשһߵ״ͷټ߳򣬲Ҫ˵ҶѲҹļҶֲҶͷƹûвĴڡ
ȻҲпֻƹᵽζǲʾģΪǱҶôãֻƹѶϤˣͬҶһԱ
ҶСȥͭڼ䣬ǱѾֻһǱҶСסڻʮϸѾ֪ڲҲױҶС
ǱܼɵҶСһ׿书ֵҶСΪƽߣһͨöҪѡһϢسҶСİ취ѡɫձõķӣڿҲвͨˣֻܶ䡣
ɱȻǺܴ󣬵ڽҪɱɡҼͷϴ˾綾㲻һɱҶС죬ֻҪԷҲҶСݵжٻʱȥٲһ
ҶСɾĵط˯ʱ֣ͷϴ˾綾ֱһڷĶ̽书ֲǱ˼ȥ£ҶС
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Ǳɱ֮֡
ҶСʱ˯ǶģҪҶС԰ʱ֣һֺҹ£˰޷죬˭ҲỳɵεεģҶС޶ԹСˡ
ԣȰй۲ҶС춯򣬼δȥݴһϵҶСҡҶС齶һʽ¹߹ҷһЩõۡ
ǱڹŴͷ۲ãҶСܾҲῪһΡÿշöȥ̺ϱۣԳ·ǶҶСԼҲǴ۽Ҫʱȥۡطٲ˯ҹľҪ糯ʱԣٷңһҴҴ
ҶС¹ŵĴۻòֵ˼ʱŻỻ˯۾ͷУԼϢʱֻ¼һң˯۾Ϣ
Ǳ¹У齣Ҳȫڡ³֮ԴſڵĶɽǽϿСϢضߡ
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ҶС˾ƣ߻ɽʱɢЩ⡣ҹδݴЪǻԼסѾ˵ƱˣҶС˱ˣȥ˳αһϵ˯ۻϡ
Ǳ¹ǵССķ϶⿴ţͼҶС컻˯һֻ°ᣣ㳶Ӹϣһ΢
ǱаϲϵĵţжҶСϰᣣĻھ߳ȥҶСδط֡
ǱŲŲ̽ңΪҪȣҶС˯졣һĵŮ̿͡

มม
ۼһն
ҶС˴̺СݵѾϢ̺ҶСϴ¡ҶСϴϴ˱ۣкݡңңͣҶС쵽˻£ݡңң˵Ц䣬ոӣһСѾҴصүǱˡˡ
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Ѿͺ죬Ǳˡˣ
ʲô
ҶСһϽʵô᲻ˣʲôʱ򲻼ˣ
СѾͰ͵صǱҹ˵岻ʣЩЪϢū̺Ǳ˯£СЪϢˡʼղٻūҲҴ룬Ǳ˵ūЩģŽȥַпտգǱ˲ˡ
ҶС룬ΪȻЦɣǱ˺αز𣿻᲻ǵͥԺɢȥˣСֵġ
СѾ޳ˣүǱĲˡūҹ̷˯£ͷö˶˵ǶǱ˴˯ƽƽطϣһ٣ΨǱ˲ˣУǿŵġ
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ҶС쿴ȴ򿪵ĴӣɺԼ°ͣѵǴ˵еĲɻӦðǱ˵ʲôǵѹٿߣ»ŵ룿˵ǱԼ·ȻشӴȥĪǻ֢֮
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ҶСϽֹ򲻿ɣһȥɽңȦլǽģҲôΧˡҡڻϢ
ҶСһ£ԺеѾӶжݺңңĴѰң񷿶ѰˣҲǱӰ
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ҶС²豭ʵʲôˣ
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ҶСʱĬȻݽصС磬ǱǼҶˣ⡭ǿôԴ˽ѽ
ҶСʵլﶼѱˣ
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ʱҶСᣬǰŷˣǱˣô˵ģռ˼ұҲͰˣûȴһȣǴӺ˵𰡡
ҶС˿û¶ϵԽöԽԽԽԶ˵ҪةһҲǳԾСϽȥ
ҶСֻһˣԸɽȥðɽܲɣҶСҲֻٸˡҶСѾǷһҶة٣Ͻһಶ죬ƺƵɽ


77 ˷
ɽһҶҶСӭǰȥǱʧٵľ԰˵һ飬룬Сʵôةϣ¹Щʲôأ
ҶСһεصǱڱ˸ʧ٣Ҷĳةߣܲ˰ַԷҲ⣬ܻҶĳһס
˿һظû⣡Ҷ˵٣ةɳ֮£ٿԶԣǱʧһҶةûκθϵ
ҶСЦõصڿ𰡡Ǳò׳꣬ҸʧвҲ⣬ңҶĳܸмҶĳϣܿƴ˰װ
ȻתܰͷܰͷǱزͷڲƹసӣӹϵҶةҪȫԸƻ˰
ܰͷüͷ룬ҶСˣݹѾԣҹǱ˯º㵽ЪˣŷǱʧ١ȥǱ˵޴һɷ񡣡
ҶС޲ɣܰͷҲ롣ҶСѰܰͷլǱңʱƷɡëǻصҲѶ涬ϼΡϡҮҲסΧȺ
Ů˵±ǲòɵ˿ģʱҲ࣬ܰͷϸС£ֵͷᣬŤͷСѾ£Ǳҹ
СѾŵصǣ
ܰͷдǱҶֺȻ뿪ûǱ˿ȥµĵ°ڷƽ򣬲˺𻵣ʱҪϣ˿Զ϶£ǱԼѵġ
ͷ֮֮
ҶС콹ص·ǱԼѵҲãǿ˳ҲգҪҪǱںδ
ܰͷ԰꣬Ƕ϶ǱԼѣҲ˵뿪ҺܿҲԼΪ֮
ʱСѾһ䣬ͷүǱеﶼڷУһأ
ܰͷĿһ׷ʵһ٣
СѾ˵ͷǱ˺ý࣬·ҪɹЩһǱ˵·޶ȱܹȷ
ëǲǾ˵ǱԼѹ·£ѽѽ¶̫ˣ˵զûðأ
ҶСͷһɣëǵЦȻֹǱû裬ôܰͷϹ˼Ц
ҶСڶԡ衱ʶرУһ⻰̲סֺݺݵһۣȵ죡
ܰͷ֪е룬Ҳû⣬˼صһ˲Ǳ˴߻ԼҪ뿪ûйӵĵҪ֪ʲô߱°һע⡣
ͷ֮֮
ܰͷߵȴӴѾ˯Ǳ˻°ˣſڳȥѲѾѾǱʧȫ֪뿪·ʮа˾žȴˡ
ͷ֮֮
ܰͷ̽ͷ⿴̲𣬲ԶһСҶˣ״ˣǲԺп
ͷ֮СãǵԺơһȺ뿪ӣƵ滨԰ܰͷϸϸһûзԵĽӡԺǽ֮ⶼʲôط
Ʒɴǽͱǽ֮ⶼɽҰأǽǺլͥͥԺڽ鷿áȷᡣ
ܰͷǴſڽģǰſڳȥһεСͥԺһŶͥԺ䣬ü룬ԡȻ˷ֱǽǽȥ̽ӣҪһ˿
ܰͷ˵ĵ˸ɫᣬȥȥʲô֣һģȻܰͷ˽³ʾȷҶСûиϵٹ
ҵҶСײ֤ݣǾֻõ֡ѾĵԱˣҲ˽ǶҶСϵˣҶСɫ⣬󻶲죬Ըɳһŭɱ˵ĹѪ£Ҳֻһˡ
ܰͷҶСͰʾλˣٵͥɡ
ҶС޲ʣֵͥ
ʱѰϢ͸ԶԶһʹסˡһòĸˣһ׳ĹԱۡʧ٣˭һͷ뵽һЩɸ˵ķ¶Զûô룬ΪǱȥǹҶСȥģȻĸԸҶСֺαظɳԴ
ѶʱԶ븸𻰣ҲѶ֮Ҳ㵲ѡֵ֮صǱҶôͻȻʧ٣
ԶɵĪǡ˾ʹ֮زز
͵һôܣֲǲ˾˵ֶΣҲڲݵļ˱ϳ͡
ԶǾչҲˣĪʧء
ɵǱŮ޶òĪҶСɫ⣬в죬ԡ
Զؿڵ޿ܣ
짺ɵؿӣʵȷ
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üͷֱѵǼֱǺ֣
Զڨڨ째ź˼кһ⵹һѵõĻᣬһҶСɽĻᡣ
ˮɽ֮Ѿ˵ˣЩΪҶСʹ˾˵ļƻܴɡˣˮɽҲʧأΪ˱˾˾ֻʱ֡
ǲݰΪӦĸӦ˼֪Ӧ֮ԿҶС죬ҶСܿʮɽ磬ʲôƨة
ҶСᣬǶһЩ˾ͺÿơҶС첻Ĺƽˣ͹ƽ̵ڳϹϵ䵭Щˣ˾׿
ҶСúõ߲ƫҪ٣ǰˮɽ֮ҾЩ˾Ĵ¡ͭʣҶСͭʸ٣һؼʱܳҡ
짱룬ǱҲȥᣬô°ҶСƻɽȥʡ߰¡짴ǰѾԶ˵֪ص˵ҶС˽ͨ飬ټ׮ţҶСҲռĹˡ
˾ڹƽǱ߻һЩ൳ֻǶδҪְʲôáҶСһ٣ֻлɽЩǹϵãȥһֲԼţʱ˾׽
뵽짱΢ЦŶԶҶʧ٣Ļ˵þŭô
ԶȻ״˵˼ǡ
ȻߣΪҶһ⣬ֶϱȥ


78 һˮ
ܰͷֽͥһϸĿ죬Ҳûʲôֹ֡һԺȻҲ̸ϻһܰͷҡҡͷȻɽʱûʲôջ
Ƶҡȣվһ룬Ȼתߡ߳ʶʲôһĶͷëǵ˵˼䡣
ع˳ҶС󣬻ƷЩԵģΪشΨͼǸա޽ڲٵСˣðôһʱĶ߷ߡ
ëȴвܻͬһĳ̶ȣҲǱ£бµ˾һõģֻôáҪõúãôٶҲκβˣ߸֣Ϊĵ֡
ֵܶص̬ȽȻͬƷϲأëǶصͦʱ²ؽʼϡԱڹݴһֺŵľʹ¡
ʿײһֱϢΪĵ֣ʦ˴˾ΪֻŪǷǡŪ֮ͽٵĴ󻷾ܴһȷʵΪס
һغëǵĹϵëԣͷ־ͽԣһ˱Ȼ뿪ͥ
ҶСܰͷ̲죬ûʲôΪ֮ƣֻ֪ͨؿϱҪ壬ˡܰͷҲҪиǱݲѰܵûҪˣҪʬ
ةˣǷӰͼΣͬʱڳͼ٣ѰǱأ
ҶСԥһ£һֵһǾͷǣƱˡ֪ǱǾͨ书ģҪиȻǱסϢذסףߴϵп뿪ҿȲҪ˰ɣǷӰͼΣة˵
ΨΨǣʱܹүةˣԼүҲˡ
ҶСһԼүӣ
ʱ째Ѿֱͨ˽ҶСҪǰԶѾŭɶ˹һѾסҶС죬ŭҶС죬ҼӲصĶȥˣ
ҶСһ˵֣˵
Զе㻹ʲô˵ģҶС죬ãðԶʶ˲磬и㣬ĵȻҼɫ˵񹲷ߵ㻹ӡӣ
ҶСŭˣȵةѪˣΪʧ٣ҶĳҲȫȻ֪ⲻǰܰͷҪ鼩˰ôһҧҶĳΪ
Զ짵⣺ѴִˮһҪõҶСϡʼҲǱ壬ǾҶСԶˡҵǱʬ壬һҧ㶨ҶСҲһܻ
˵֪ҶС˽ͨǷԷôټǱ˵ʧٺָ֤ҶСضǽ壬Ҳռںүˡ
ǱʧԵʣôѰˣҲòݴԶָһһһܰҶСƻɽﰭ¡
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짼Ȼ̣ԶȻһҧҶСΪⲻĽôҶԶòȻֻҪδȢ޾ǵǲģҶС촹ɫ
ҶС춯ɫ֮󣬻ΪǱ˹ٻӣܰռֻнαװʧٲܴﵽĿġֻ󻶲죬ѾǿǱʲô£ĳа¶ɱڻ߽нǺƶˡ
Զ˿̵ķӦȻԵùڼߣ˲δʲô׵Լڱ˸޹ʧ٣غҹغڣɷҪǲǲżˡ
ҶСкòգǱسة֣ŭصةٸڿ˰ܻи۸㣬δף㲻ҪҶĳ
Զŭص㣿⸮ۡŴԺлԺҡпȮĸҲƫƫҵʧ٣㻹˵ûϵӲصĶȥˣ콻
ܰͷ̲סǰةˣʼδӣδҲӵңòǱ°ߣӦ뿪ĿܸһЩҵһȫԸҵǱӵġ
һЦܰͷλͷǺصĲ죬ҶСǺةԲ֮Ѱةۡȫѹô
ΪԶһͷѣҲʶͷܰͷ𷽲Ҷ˵Լ̫үҲˣɵǣ
째ֵԶϷȮӣϷ㣬Ҷ˸飿
ܰͷȻǰԺԺؽѲݡԼӵסͥ¥̨ȥ
Ŀһ䣬ʵ˵סˣôҶةŮǵסأ
ܰͷһګګص⡭˰Ҷة˵Ҳ֮һˡ
Զŭ׽ĵܰͷȻҲ𣿡
짵صô˵ҲҶлһЩطѹô

ܰͷΪѣʵǸöһģҶСסѣױδʾҶСҲĻɶ
ҶСͦܰͷΪѣԼү˵еֻҺݡңңסѹǾͶһɣˣ֤ҵס
ܰͷҶС´£˿æˣǱְʹ˹ȥһ顣
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ҶСɫҶĳҪף벻ȥҲǲеģߣͬȥҲӣةϣһҧҶĳΪҪҶĳһ˵
ҶС˵գŭһץסԶ֣һͬ߳ȥ΢΢һЦҲٲ˺档
統ڼկڿ֪ͤҶСɱڸ˳Ϊ׮ɱ㵽ҶСͷϣôԶ¹ͷϸֻ࣬űˡ
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غëǡԻصǱסҶСҲЩ֮£ȥȥģԸȴʼձãû⵽ʲôƻڷת˰죬⿴ǿȻͣǰӭ⿴ӡ
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غεؿëǸЦɣѰȥȥ˵һ̶˳ȥ
ʱҶСϸӣڰܰͷ˵ͬѾѹңңݵסһͬҶСסԺ䡣
ҶСȻ֤ԼףǱʧôҲܻסôһѲ飬ʵÿſڣҶСͣ½Ųةةѹҵķ䣬ǵĽҲ͵ͷˣ
ԶЦӵ㷿Уǲ֮𣬻̸ʲô飡˵һƷű㴳˽ȥ
һѾסĵطٽһţҶСס淿ɽǽϿȴֱ߿ǽ¹ԱҲȴҶСԷгܼ򵥣Ѿʱʱɨһ㵥ݡ
ҶС˷㱧վЦԶƵ齺߿˿ֻصм˶ţ´ζŵʵĵģǣĿΨһܲ˵ڡ¹
째ʵδɹҶСĸ²ĳ£ΪҶСĸɳ£˲ԼֻǼ˶ҶС죬ʵؽֵĶҶС첻ĴԣˡվſڣԶʹɫӡ
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ҶСͰܰͷһӹеѳʱɵۣҶСϵǱ壬ܰͷ䲻ϵãԶһУҲ֪⾢װ˾Զˡ
ܰͷͬʱһҲ߲񣬻Ҷ˿ѣ԰Ϊžװ
ͷתԶʧеˣ
ʲô˴󾪣Ҫȥſһе󡭡ˡǿ쿴쿴үӡ
ҶС켸Լֻͷͼվſڣӿſϣָʺ۵ɵϴ󣬺пȴ˵
Զһʺָ¶һ೤жʱӿ֮Уһף˹ȥס짣ץסӵ֣˫ĿŭͻСͻȻһӱȥ
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ԶŸʬ壬ˮʱģ˫ۡ͵͵һҶС죬ĵ˹ȻܵԼҸӸոڵϵ˴ù̫аˡ
ܰͷȥѾõʬ壬ٿſڸոʬ壬һʱ;ñ˲˫ӽĴԣݺݽһӶ˽ûмû˵
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ӣǴ죬ةǿǶϱòҵˣȴһʬ壬ʬɱĸס
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ܰͷɰͰ͵صοǱװЯ󣬲Ҷة¹֮УȻͼҶ˲
Զ۾ŭƨҼΪͼҶС첻
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ԶЦôôΪɱûҪɱ˵˷ˣ
ԶҶСһָȵһҵӣʧ٣Ӹϵ¶ƣӰɴ̿ͣͼԴ˺Ҹ
ĵôƺҲеҲ˵ͨˡ룬ǾԲһͷġ
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ҺҲߴ˿ɱ˺ˣûжֻ֤ݵĳӣǳʬȥоˡ
˷׷׸ϵǰʹԶҲ嵽ǰһЦ˵ֻΉϢҧҼӣʵڿЦ
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Ү۹·ּ˷ӵֶϲҰƤëζӦܵƤµζԲУǱ˲ؽʱԱҧ
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ҮеϷɽһҰУҽ̸θɽжȴϵá
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ʱһڶȻⳡͿҼҶ̵ɺͿ˽ᣡҪ˾һҪĳھʹҼҶ״Զͼɱ˺
ҡӣǿ򶨣ɻǰ಻סĨĳӿաװȥ״һչĻᣬ


80 ҹɵһ״
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ҶСվڷб۶Ҷ޲ŷصжϡ
ص˵ǱǱʬУֻӡʬŰϣʬϹţԱһżļ侲ܣʵһʧɱˡֻʧܰõġ
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⡭ԶҲ
üͷʼˣԣҶة޿ɣȻҶةûпɣܺߣַֻ⣬ûкˡة
ЦſԶδǰڹһ㣬ǰ̤һڳͱ֮ƣվ˻ƷɺȻԱߣһԶǽˣҲ˱
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ȴԥԶֻûȵǺˣԽƱ磬ߵڰףһ˹


81 ˭ù
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ѹֿʥ˵ʡԼ֣ʼƵᣬΰĸоִġŲµģǰ㲻Ϊ
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լȻֻͷĸоҪǰ̣ҪȰӣʵƣʱȴ̲סЦôȻãùʵңǿҶСأ
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Զüͷҡҡͷһֵ֪˼Σɷ档
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ڹԱʹ֮ãǵԸôҶСԸⱳةӺ͸׶òףԸ»СֻҪһͬ⣬Щ¾ͱڸס
ĵĻҶС죬ͻ;֮һѡĻ󲿷˻ǻѡ踺ءģةһȻǣȻǲְɿԸȻ;ϵԵ顣˵Ȼף֮ȴ˷룬᲻ô
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ǲݴµıܹܣͬʱҲԼϽغͲ䣬Ҳһ˾ϽžŶʮ졣ͳļ̳ߵȻĳӣɴأ
ǵĳһΪ˾ǾͻλΪᣬȻȴδʵȨγסھǣһзأһȨͬն
һ˾ȨգȨ˾ǡҲưǡ͢Ĺ٣ֻɢ١СְʵȨ
ԶõŵվȻһ֣Ҹĳѵ㲣£ҪȥΪҸ£׼ǣǣ֪ĳһɣǣ


82 
Զˣߵ󣬳էİĿɽ߻ʵԶСططԱɥĲڸʵɱʥġ䵨ֹ֮֮񣬼ֱ˷ָ
֪ءˡΪȷϲ֤˺ü죬һӦ֤ݲ뱸λĻ֪أڹԱӲĹƵģǲκ֮ǣѻ综ԵȫƵϣ֪龫ǣ֪Ĺǣ֪ηʳ۵ʧɢ
ŵʷˣͻؼʲôշ޼ôʷһʴֻһСŵʷʱ京ǣƺȻ֪طҪǰ죬ص㲻øģöãһŵʷͳ˻ͳɼѳְ
Ļ͢ν׷һӦ֮壬ŵʷʵƽ룬ӲְתΪƷ١һָ˼ˡ
˷ԽνͲݴ֮ԼةķǱ֮κ˵ԱǼǻ۵ʱ
ʵ֮ûʲôѽ͵ĵط֮ʵʵ˵ôǱ֮һ׮Ҫ׮һϵе޷ΡԶѾĬǿһǾ֮ء
ԶѡڹԱûʲôףԶ˵ͻĴֻ׵ǡǡ׵ûʲôʣ˰ڣҲҲɱ׷Ρ
ӡ짲ġĶʮΪ׷һŮ˵ǿģοڵشɣҪ׷ȥܿܵòʧ
ǣ짺Ǳ֮۽£ݴ째̽ةةͬɽɢģةӲɱ짡ةӺչʶԾ
ˣһǱ֮֮һĽڲǱŲǾԶˣֻҪ˵ǱҲûвŵĵԶ짵׶ӡ
ֻһǱΪЯǱҶةҵҲͲٲȥˣĻǻҪҶСҶСҪѰӲҽʾ֭İ취͵ȫƷ
ڹԱĵؽȰҶС㡰ǿǿشӦ˲˿Ҷةܹ˹ȫ֣ÿһ˶Ϊ֮жѡ
ѱϣڹԱ׷ȥʼշֹԴƺˣй˹˽ǰվةͨĽЭҪƽϢⳡ粨
ҶС򷵻ظۡҪֻһ£ϼҶˣɶй¶ࡣҶСߣһԹͨ˾һչ״ɣޱź
ҶС״̲סЦαˣԭ״ʦȻǹ˾ԽԽã˾ԽԽãͬΪĻţ¾͵ôҵĽǶȥ룬ʱ򲢲ǹ˾ӮˣǾһܵõô
صѧףⳡ˾Ӯˣо仹ⲻִԣܻ˶ȴܻĺôңԶаѱڶУδΪá
ҶСȻǴˣȻҲ͸
üͷһ짴أʮȻǱ䡯ԶƱزܰЩһԶɱˣѵǻȥй¶𣿡
ҶСǶԼҵ˽ūӣԶԼҵ˽Զα츸׵ôһй¶ʧȥõģݺ͵λӰȴʱΪйߣɱʲô
ǰԶȴһǵĺôֻݵλһЩӶûУǻѡλ߸ϵô
ҶСͣסŲԶɽ˼صǰ˵ʷ˵һЩޱӢĴȴɱΣﻹֹһʷҲ⡣
ҶҲһݣ룬ЩδؾϺͿˣΪŻɹǱùԸšҪǣ߸ϣĶĿʧȥá
һݵλˣ¾ͲΪģֻǱ˸ģģҲǱαװõģԱһ£ȴֻɱСˣȥУУС
쳤̾ٵĳϹ޳ܣʵٵĲŸڰ
ҶСļеصĵҺ޳ܵ㣬һɹģ
ҶСصۡʱͼҮվձ£ŲӵҮ۰Ͱ͵ţһҶС֣ӭȻؼߣµþˣǾ߹ʬ¹ôȴ֪ļֶƥɣ
ҶСû뵽ͷö֮ʣҮȴֻӡҶСƶصֻƳ治ܶô֮ҽĹƳ֮Զк촦ֵ⣿
ҮüɫصȻȻ֪۶ԣֻƳȷʵûô˲𣬵·ֻ֣Ƴ֮ʬ岻ǧפ
ҶСһȵصдЧǲǳ˴˵еĶյô
ҮлϲصˣֹƳ֮ԺںŴ󻧣ȨûǮ⽫ҽδһҪĲ·
ҮеͦоͷԣҶСشۣ˵ֻƳӺζҲá֮ǰ涬ƲѵİɣĹƳ棬ҲȫȻ֪
ô
ҮдʧֻתҶСҡҡͷתߣ߲ԶҮּҴҵ׷ߣߣֹƳǳҪҪҩ֤ҳ֮
ҶСεվסȥ֤ˣֲ㡣
ҮеҪʬ֤֪߿ɷʬŪŪʬ壬ֻһҲǿԵġ
ҶСε룬ôƽЩǸڴءǹƳҪ֤Ѿٸߣ˰Ѿ֮ҪǹƳûҲ޷Ͼʱ̡ҪҪ֤᲻ɣ
˿ҮеĿ⣬ҶСֻһȾͿԣ
ҮͷֻһȣӦþ͹ˣһֹ֤ƶıԴ
ҶСͷǺðɣȥŪȶ
ҮдϲæҶСлǾˡˣ»ҪһѸͷǾӣһԸñˡ
ҶСҮҪͷô
ҮеȰ֤ôҲóԼΣ߼Ȼֻûһӣһֻһ飬ʡŵãҲ͹ˡ
ҶСһΉȶСһоˣҪõӣѵ˵ȡҶСصɴ۾ȻҮеҮϣ˵ȡʲôȣ
ҮֵصλСӵĴȰʲôȣ
ҶСһˣˣֱǷˣ
ҮһãȻߣ
ҶС˵ͷߣ߲ԶվסŤͷصϽȥż˸εؿҮУϷӣǧҪȥٷصʬǿɾҺˣ

⻹ò˺úùˣ֪һ鰸·ʱһơ
յˮɽ֮ңˮɽ֮Ѿķֵʱֹͣ˷չҲͱˣϪڼҺ¹ȹȴʱչе
ƫƫϪڼҺ¹ȹҶͭʾڵĲ䣬˵ǹ֪Ͻģȥ֪һصĴ
һ̶ϾսʱڵӣȻͭʸϵĹȴÿ䶼ˡ
¹ȾͲˣЩ֮Ĳ䣬¹ȾһԷһЩȴֲɽĲһĲ䣬ٸǵӰǳޡ
ϪڼȻ¹һ߱ǿĶԣͭڼҵķ֧ͭڼҵĵλżңһ˾ڿͤŻΪŮԵʣ񲻴ԣӲľ
ڼǷǣͶұɣҲûΪڼҵĵǶڼܿ¹ȹֲˣָ֪εͣڼҺ͹ҵⳡ
ӽ÷ǳգԲ㣬˯ţ˶˺ü벻취ֻѹ֣Ҫıߡӵ־ͬС
ͬǴ绪неϱȽټеĹְԲϤ֪ٵ˵ͤͨк׻ʵȫȻһ¡
֪ͨжܹʣҪЧ񵱽ʵ۵ʥּҪͨڸЧͨͨУͳͳУͬʱмйԱȨ
֪֣֪Ƿֱֹ֪ͬˮѲȷľǴƷĹ٣ͨҪ
ۿҺڼԽԽףȴһֱ޲ߣΣҲøһ취
绪ģҶ˽һƵİ취Ϊ˷ǡ
ӵͷҪȥһصļӼģ֪һʱͷˣ«ûȥָư⻹ò˺ˣ


83 ӿ
ͬһӷɧľͨ˵ò˺úùӡʱûкӹʵַ֪ʲô£֪˷ա
绪һۣҡҡͷĵҲûп֪дЩʲôѰŻѪ޶ͷдǷݹ˦绪ǰæģһ˸ȶΪ졣
չģҲסˡ绪һŹֵĵݰˣȻʱϱ⡭⡭ǰ짻סĸۡУתۼ绪·һΡ
üͷص֪ػ֢ŵʷʣةǣݰУ⡭֪ˣؽôأⳡɱǰҪʵڲ˼飬ʵڲ˼顣
֪оǸ򱾸˵˼𣿱Ҳ֪²˼飬ؽͲͣ˭ȥ˭£аԣкãڸô죬˵
绪æϢŭ¹ΪӦĺأةҶСݴһְͬʱصϱ˾ţ١
һţ۷ص԰㲻һˣҶСӲĺţ㿴ض֮أôӣֻһֱȵͰѺؽȥˡ
εصˣܶԳ͢˵طˮãҶСֹӲô
Ӵŭȵ˶ڵ٩ôⲻڸ˵ôֲԳ͢Ȼô˵ʲôɣѵҪǣعʱЦ̸棬ȫͳԣǢ顭
ӰȻ°ͣΪѧôߣЩĺܣ೯͢ḡȾƿ㣡ʶ׾Σ˾
΢ˣЩﶼǶ֮ǰ
ӸӴŭӵǱµĿɲɰ
첻ˡ֪ͬЦϢŭҶСȻǸֻǾ˳Ծ˹һӡǰδС
ӵ۵ǰδУκܵһеİգҲУҲУ˭УǸʺƵط˵˭Ըȥģ
֪ͬصǣǡƷãվһǽʿΡݴȴ͢ڸ벻ÿ

һᵽ⣬ʵ֮õΣ
֪ͬһôԱ£ʵҲ͢б飬ø˵֮ҶСݴһְʹ¸ɸʵ೯͢ɳ͢ˡ
֪Բ°룬׵⵹ʧΪϳ֮ǾôɣΪһģҶСݴ֪һְѡԱؿ죬šǰأ
֪ͬϽǰһ𣬺βǰأ˼ܣɵΡ
֪ͷɣ١
վһԣû뵽Ųͷϣȥʲôȥ˾ĹҪģµ˵طϻ˵һţֺô֪
ϲüңæǰ֪ԸһתԴ֪ͬеϪڼҺ¹ȹҵⳡӣ˶Ҫ취ҡ˵Ŵﳤȥ
֪ͬͳȥͷһҾмصָ壬˺ǻͷˣ
֪ͬЦصȣͬ㣬ЩĻͲҪ˵ˡ
٣֪ͬصǩѺڣͼпŸ֣ڼҺ͹ⳡӣ֪˶޲ߣҶʲôð취أ
绪ڼ϶ɱǵ˾˫Ž²֮Ҫ£ֻܴڼ֡ݴ˿ϷֵĻеͣĿܡ
֪ͬ˵ļݾڿͤڿͤͭʸͨУһǩЧ֮⣬мȫйԱΪȨֱΪݡ
üǰҲ֪ҹڼˣȰš
绪Σڼκβ˹ңҲκβڼңȥͽ˫ʵؼ뷨Ҳ֮ǰͬɣȥڸݷһ£̽̽ݵĿڷ˵
ڿͤBãֻŮζʮ㣬ڱͺԼŮ˾ڬB˵־ζͻ˸г֣񻹼ǵʵûмˡ
ڿͤѾ뿪ϪԼĲҪܳϪڸ˳ɱ˾꣬Ų棬ڿͤĵɽںȥ
˾Ϯƶʹÿһ˾ƶȵļᶨάߡ˭ƻѱԼǿ˾ѹһƻƶȣҲԼļش֪ܹǧ꣬κһҪǿ󣬾͵ڴˡ
ԣȷϪڼҵȨᱻ˾ȡıͭڼң˶ڿͤЭɳɽݴ˾ƱկϪڼҵӡ˲û˿䱸򷴶ԣȫϡ£ڿͤŷķͭʡ
绪뿪ãֱͨиڸڿСƬ̣ڿͤŴתλһüëʵңʲô£
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ڿͤʱһ㶣벥Ӧıȡϵʹ绪ѡݰ짾ͭ˹ͨԸģ뿪ͭʱ˵Ӻػݷôˣ
ڿͤȻѸߣһֱӲʵĺܣôˣ
֪ͬӣεصǱϱʸġ
ڿͤһ϶ʱӿŹֵ֪ͬ״֪Щˣæ͵ʵġ
֪ͬѺعдǱ˵һ飬ڿͤǶʱ鴤˼£ЩЦԷǵصô
֪ͬ̾˿ʦˮɽǱʧأ԰֡㿴ǷӦþȡϵ
ڿͤҡҡͷ²ҳ棬֮Ӿںأ˻زݱѶȥˡӦΪˮɽ֮ʧأѾ˺βͣһʱβ̽צӣ֪ʱҲˡ
֪ͬüͷ֣ͭô죬ҪҶӦԣ
ڿͣ΢΢۾Ȼǰһ˺;ֹˣһۣ¶һֲ˹èĽģȻأ֪ͬסǺӦֻǺ
ڿͤĦŹ⻬ķ֣Ƶص㲻ܿ˵ʩȨ̫ˣֻܳΪ˵Ŀܣֻģġ
绪Ȼֵǣĳȴ̲ѣл֮Լȴ˽䱸ѵ׵һֶΣֵŮˣ
ڿͤЦЦʵԺ֮ô죿
һӣֻ֪ͬܿЦˣλ֪쿪ҶСκְ֮ѾҺȰֹˡ
ҶС죡
֣ڿͤüٿӹһĨɷϸ׵ҧҧ޺´ڿͤһһĨЦ⣺֪ͬᣬǸ쵰ŪͭʸΣ


84 
֪ͬݴΪҪҶСͭʣ
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ڿͤ˿ڲ裬ҪͭҲף⣬ʱ֪ػ֢ٻһ֪أѾںؾӪҶС죬ų͢Ҳд˹ǡ
֪ͬΪȻصݴ̫߿˰ɣһССةֵüݴ˽
ڿͤصȥأûб֮ڸɵةһλ
֪ͬʱһϣŵ£ѡɳ͢ѡةǷǨҲɳ͢
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֪ͬǣ
ڿͤ۾ƺ˼ʱ򣬾ͻʶ۾ˣƷ£ԭǨԽ꣬ںس͢ҲġֻҪ˵ˣ
֪ͬҶСأ
ڿͤЦЦҶС챾ةλ֮ϣڰԭελϣةô죿ɶͷ˾͢ҲǲȱȻӡ첻ϵľֵģֻһʣҶСͭʾǱȻ
֪ͬüͷһ壬ʣô֪ΰôʱĳλش𣿡
ڿͤڵθƹٵҵõܣҽǹ٣ڱ˾֮ί¡ٶøҶСɣ
֪ͬݴ˼ȻҶС찭£ͭʣͲɴ칬գ
ڿͤгصӲʴۣĳ棬ҶСӣӵóҵģ
˳츮Ӧ츮ƹǴƷƹٶƷ޼Ƶ䣬ҲзԺԺƾ־ֳ˵ƷةƷƹ٣Ǹһ󲽣иͭ¡
ºǣȻЩٶͷϴĹñϴĹ¶ǳ͢ƣ˴˳ƺҲǳ͢ĹְʵǹǲȨ൱
ⲻھϡϡϣҲھϣν˭״ƣ˼ҵĲȫģ˭ˣٵȨݸƹپÿʮٺй١
֪ͬڿͤⷬ⣬ϻȥ˵ݰ֪Ŵӣνĵͣһ䶼ûᣬ±ڿָͤıô취ͣ

ҶСܿյͭʸĻģҶСݴһְģҶСȻΣɽ֪أԶҶСḻҲҶС֪֮
ҶСȨ֮ȴʹĲѣԼ̫Ͻˣ̫Сˣ̫ץסˣΪʱʱ͵ҶСʹǿеȰһ
ڴ֮ǰ;úίˣϹϱһ£Ƕ̳濼ǣԴ˰»СС»ˡҲգȻͶҶС죬ҶС棬ҪҲգʵȨʵ档
ҶСʵȨҲԣ״ĲˣʱʱȥҶСһ˵鴦Ȼ£ΣҶСٲȰɣҪдѪϵˡ
ҶСһʼȳϣҲȰһʵڲʤţҶСҲ˵ڶҪݴĹ˽ϸȥУء
ҶС콫ݹĶأٴδһ񣬿ί֮ڰȻޣȥһ£ǴõٿûְȨ
ҶС챾ΪҪã漰Աȫѯһ飬ظȴؽӹݹģһĿʮУƬ̹䯼ϣʱдƬ̹ݹıдʣʻİϡ
ҶСһôʹˣ˵ʱзͳһ֮ڴĪҲǰ㾭γ֮ţ
Цңң׮СӣȻɡ
ҶСϽЧ´ϹϾˣΪһŻصλչݹϸϸۿ
һصдʣҶСüͷһ壬û˵չڶݣݿҶСڰ಻סˣɫˣȫдˣ
زŲæʵΪѧеĲԣ
ҶС뿴һݣ˵ĳĳȹۣգƶΨвӣأ״⳥ҽҩԼ˸صȸúϼ
⿴״ӣɶȻ򱾹Ѱȴ֪ʵ顣ձҪȥѰѣͣڸǰӡʯϷ־βʹʹˣʵɡ
΢΢һЦʵ˾õڶѧִأ
ҶС׮ӣ˵һλũɷϱȥ򹫹Ǯ빫ڽǣ䵹ˣΪ档ʵδˣݱѰõ֪ǹز㣬举˳ɧžٶ͵˼Ҹϴ衣ԺܿǶϱʵǹֶռˣ˲ŷڽǡʵжϱߣȶʮ̫ˡ
ҶС˵գĳضصȳ񣬱ǺõģΪ״ʦϤ񣬰참˼Уһ֮ǡ
شЦ̴Բӡƶ渻д󻧣һίôδأˣƦ·ϣһ治ТôҲδأΪϲѪ״ӣδؾѪࡣ
ҶСȻȻףΪʣ
ɫѧʣǡǡ˼֮󣬲˽о
ҶСγԣ
صӣҵܵѵˡǾȡմоȻڹ޿ȴһˡǮβҪ²мǮ˴ػķһ꣬Ƹţʱӣ
Ȼأ˵˽ǣȴܾƶһСҲɽ˾ǮȨ𣬱صĻӹأصҲڣһô
˵ǹϱһΪϲ𣬵Ϊ̫ݵҲδؾ͸˥ϱһƾ͵֮¡
˰ߵϷϱϱ𣬸֮ѣοաߣũвøĲдһԸܸĻ׺ˣ
ΣֻԹϱڽоТȣκҲ˵дˡ˵Ƕʮȣ̼֪ũ޹ѵԸֻôѣ˵ãһάһ棬ֲѧ״湫š
ҶС챻һϯֻ˵Ŀɿڴ
ĳضҶС֪֮ΪΪ̶ȵάµȶгʵĴϡѧźϰƶ븻ףƶʤߡ볤ףгʤߡ
ǵΪȣΣɡģѥŰģʷ̣ά¸ǸǷǻΣʲô⣬ˣ
ҶСſڽࡣ
صʱͳһ֮ڴʲôҲʲôҲʣ˽дһ֮棬Σضе޴ӷˡ
ǲţֻܰ׮ӽоѧԲѧ̸ˡţӣΪ˿Уңȥ˸ϸ
Ȼһӡʵڡ˰ۡˮȰũɣѧУ»񡢰ƶ񡢾ϡ֣ݵһһȥô޴˵ȹģþ
ҶС쳤̾һϯʤʮ飬ةǻգ
δˣܽүͭʸ˵˺أүȥǰӭ
ҶСʱһ㶣ñʲôˣ


85 ˼
ٷ¿ӣƼȣ̾˿ɫįֵİеʵι̾ϢǲЩϿζô
ҶСҲͣ磬Щֵؿ١ٲֻҡҡͷĪضҶСҶˣͬˮɽɣǳĺֵˣ˵ǲǣ
ҶС΢ЦŵͷȻ¹һΪԼֳġ
̾˿ҶСĳصΪֵĵ̣Ҷϵȴ˼ܲ˼
ҶСãȻϣ޲ɽ亣ζʡصĵ죬ͣÿһͶˮ½ȣ¡أ̫׾ӡ񶼳ٵĶʳˡ
ƹʢ¡ܺعԱֱٵ΢˽õĻϣõʳģȫдѶ겻³ʢƹΪ˻ϵΧȹ
ƣҲǺþƣ֮꣬ɽ֮ӻ֮֮ξѡҲǺò裬Ҷ񡢱̽£ζôò⣿
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ϯգѲ졢ʹ̸ǣҶСͰ͵ͷ̫׾Ӳһ¥ҲкõĿջᣬõϷס
ҶСͰ͵ſڱ㼴ȥ뿪̫׾ӵʱҶС԰ÿþƺ̺ţʲôģô˵ǲ˼
Ц֣ŶҶС¹ٵǴĦ˼֣Ƿµȷձˡ˵նҶС칰һ֣΢ЦȥֻҶСһͷˮ
˵󲻿ƿţϷ󣬶ͨĿͷļ䣬鷿ԡҡҲл΢ҡҡλνңͼеŹ硣
˫һ̧ͼվһ˫˶һӯӯݵصūūү
ͼ˶һ޳ѩһװذ̻ǰ˶ͦ΢΢ŵƹӳȥԲӨ󡢰͸죬Լʮ졢顢޳Ұ
ٺòײųĿ⣬ԱŮӿȥǰһŮʮͣСüۣĽСԴӤʵķһװΣ΢΢һϱ⣬ٵֻ۾ʱҲų
үƺȻּ˼֣Գʵ㡭ǡ
һһС˶ͬʱһЦӭסֻ첲ūū۶̺үޣ
գ޻ȣһҶСͰЦݵصѽλˣǿ̫˼ˣ̫˼ˣĳô˼
֣Ц˹࣬СС˼ֻԱҺ⣬ɾ⣬ɾ⡣
Цúϲ£صĳǵĿѾǳˣλģĳʵ˼ǼȻ˹˼ĳҲһṻ˼ģҵ˼˰ɣ
ףףЦݿ䣬ҶСãȻ̵ϰףʲô˼
ٺһЦҶСζصţ檣̺ڡ⣬ȴţ۲ܱӲ֪Ӽѽҵ˼˰ɣ
ҶСԭô˼

ںֲ˼ʱԶѾ׷زȥˡƶȣԱĸĸȥ۴˵ʲôְӵ֪ɥµһ𣬾ͱص漮ƶʮ߸¡
ڸҪ߱߹ؽΪ漰ֻ߾£һ㻹鳯͢ȴ͢ԶֻةͲҪˣְӸة͢һ⣬Ҵ뿪˺ء
ڿͤϵǣԶû˸ݱɥԼأЩֵһ֪ϢзָҲȥȻ䶨Ȼиס˱ķͳҲˡ
ӦϤϢǴڹʹ˾ŵߣ֪ĵ۰ӦΪգˣҪһżδҪְκһ˶λõĿȱƱҪһĵ
ϼ徭Ӫѽ˰꣬ϹʱڵܳܡܼҲ˰꣬ɼ˾ʢ˰꾭ӪѾγһġȶĹϵͳκһҪְλȷҪǷĹϵӦҪؿǡ
ͬʱֵ֪֪ͭߪҶСΪƹ٣͵Ϊڿճةʷةѡɳ͢ίµĹȻڿͤġ
ӦͼıͭʣʵڲҶС쵽طȥڿֻͤΪίҶСһְͿԿסֻӣȴҶС컹һݣԴ˵С
ϧڿͤ໥ãǵܻԼҲǺһ֣Ա˴˼䶼˭ҲûԼȫ͸¶ԷϢĲԵȣӶɳ໥̨顣
֮ǰڿ֪ͤѺչԼŪɳ׾ľһΪڿͤҶСĹƽݣһӦ㣵ľӦõϢʱ򣬹ݲ˾Ѱ౾ϳ͢Ӧֹһƹٵ̫עĿֻγ͢顣
͢ϵĶδƽϢžڳһѾӽβµǼ׸άάǿͽžģžԶʱС
žά˳λݽ׸Ҫ뱣סԼλӣͱӭʥžΪԼǵòžάžȵòֺžʧȥʥĴ̫뱣Ҳſˡ
ɾͣ׸һʱЧžĶ˽ʿֻȨԶžԲžһĿŵֱӸԼӰһ״Ԫ
ʱΪž²̳ˣͬάһϵɣڵǰĴ󻷾£ֻԱЩ϶ԿάԿʵۡȵžһ䣬ϲ磬ſʼš
άѾ˳ٰ֣ʱвȸүϳȫƫƫʱϵҵˡ
뵱ž˵׸λϲߣŪûʱ˻Ǳǰ֮ڣάТԿֻشְˣؼТȥˡ
һʱо˳λ˵׸йغصϳ͢ʱάʱλʱʱиžţȻȴֺºͣžһ㼤
ӪݣΪأͼԴΪͻƿڴ򿪹ǧԱյľ棬ɳ˾ңڸ͢ṩһַĽڣһϵмʩžλʱľٴ롣
Ϊž²̳ˣʱҲӶԹݵľӪͬžΪĿĲֶεϣֶͨΣǱĬЧıݡ
йغصϢԺʱϸһԭ֪أûйݷıҴҲǸɿһáԭΪԭة͵õ룬˲ŷԶߪҶСΪͭƹٵ飬׸Ҳ׼ˡ
ǣʱдһӣǸǸֻ̫꣬ǵĺӣͱȥͭʸ


ʮһ ¿ƹ


01 
˹ɽͽ壬ٴɴ
ɽ֮ľ¥ɫɰɵĳǽϣ뽭ˮۺ졣ˮ峺ףˮζͣᲨд̵ˮҡţڴͷ㣬һʱĿ
ϴſȶŹͭɫ˫ȣŽСӯػˮ棬еµĸˣ̧ͷβʶϴ򣬱ЦŴкϴˮҲһ΢Ц
һƣűһٴӲгոõһСѾţߣһҸɫڴͷĻŤͷǣϽӭнӹСС٣ĹѪ˯ӣҲЦ
͢£Ⱦ뼶ԴƷٵݹڴסؼȥˡܷ񸴳һᣬϲץסᣬûлḴɿйԱһȨ
ڷ·ϣ˹ųǷһϲЯ檼ҾڴСסգڵĻ磬ô㡰㡱̬ˡ
ط棬Ѿ͵طСϱţ˺ƷӡԭƷ٣˵ǨϾְõһ
ҶСҲӵ˵ҪǰͭΡةʷة賯͢ίɣλԱ·ϣܼʱΡһӻĸҪԱ̳һδѪˡ
Ӧ֪ҶСȻͭʣаղѣˣҲ޿κΣֻܷԸȥͭʣڿͤ˵δͣһῪʼעͭʷ棬Ϣģڿͤ¡
ŽβӦⶣһ䣺ҶС˲ѭ·Ƿǣͭʼɣ
ڿͤӦţÿüëšأһĿڶȻһССة
İѯʵ˵ҶСô
ڿͤ˵ͷٿһܱˣһѰˣҶС˽ֻ˹ʺˣļҰæһ˹Ϊ΢ĩСûų̂ػǬΪλ˹עأ
ˣһ⣡
ڿͤţľҧס˶һ㣬߸ߵӦ붣һ£֦ȴΪһ仰ڿͤĺġ

Ͳ˻·һؽӣƲӲʡ֮䣬Լ۷ͺᳵʮ￥Ļ£ǽӲӵĴշ̤Żǰ
ҶСǰһϣҡӣĿԶԶѾֳһ۳ǵ긹أϣӴ棬ͭʹųˣ
ҶС˷ͭʣŮҮСƷɡëǡأֻѭһˡ緵عѭ㲻ԸںأǸͭʡ
ѭԱԱĵ׶ˣʵϾеطԱʱù˵Աȫߣ¹ΣҲù˵ԱҶСէһӲô̫ˣⲻðá
ۿſڣͼǰһľ㱸ʿͰն£ͷַܶǷѭһƣȻôʿճӭ벻ͭʸô
ҶСҲ⣬вһССģпص˵ʲôģˣһ澵ӣһΪǷܷΪĲۣҲ۰
ѭ˵ǣ
ᳵʻǰһ֣ͣס˳ӡҶС캬Цӳ߳վڳϣµʿǹһ֣λ׸ϣλʿգҶĳС
ҶСҪְ˵Ⱥдһ˷ܵļУ
ЩʿɧһλԲԱ⣬һգȾܣ˲ȿֺ׷ȥҶС쳵һһƹԱһС
ҶСȻȥͼСһǰĵʿһɫԽۣͷ¹ڣһǱִ
м䲿һܻͣϱһˣͷһܽعڣһ˱ӻ£һɷģӭȥʮԶѶĤȥкˡģкɳģΪϡ
ҶС칰վڳϣͣڨڨȻСڸø·ǲ֮³ĵıһˣ˵ȥ·ҶСü۵ӣֵǣ
һϢĵؽ˳ǣѭЦЩ޷޸ϲЩƻ󡭡
ҶСܵغȵˣ
ѭӲ˵ˡز߽Ȼ˵ͭɮѧ˽һЩѧ֪ͭʵ̸УΨһλ۹
λϹѮײۣѲһλˣֻǱľޣ˻͵˲½ӱ𴦹ĵʿȴ֮ͽҲ˵á
ҶСصԶĺкԶĵʿҲһٵˣ˼̷ɵˣȲ˰
ͭʳǶʮһɽɽһۣǰǱ̲ϵĽӣۺǱᾣվɽɽϴƬⰻȻڴ˴һֳ׵ĸо
ʱھ֮Уһϵϥòǵں棬һԱߣȻǺٴٴüҲҳ³ɽôǴĶ
̾Ϣ³Ѿʮĳ˵ˣȴԵˣҺ˵˵ǲϳɽ³Ϊ˳͢ѾȳһȣڴˣҲˮˡ
ٴĬȻƬ̣εص˸־ҲˡֻǸνĳˣ̫٬Ķġ
ЦʲôˣҴӽ긮Ĵ̳һˣ
ٴˣ
ʱéɽѧʵףҵʦƪҲѧһЩ뿪ɽţڽҡײƭ˵ƭ˲ٺŸ֡
ϧСӺƭ˸ŷĸ𣬰Ů˫ޣŮ˶飬Ȼ˵࣬ŮӸ淢ҾǸ֮ģͰ̳ˡ
ٴЦҿ˵Ųýг磬Ӧýгǣʵ̫ϲͷҡˣ
ЦʲôϵأϲͷôͽѴףͭڼλŮ˾Ҳŷ̵ģԶ찡
ٴüվǵˣ٬ӣοΡ
ģߵСͯ硢£ҵˣΨһ¾ǸһʲôԣϾͿأңǵ֪ޡ
ٴ˿Ҳգ±㸺ֻǸѶ⣬ҶСѾͭˣСӣǸСӣǻǵĺ£СΪϣ


02 شԺ
ҶСһͭʸȥټˣܴһӾȥ֪żӡ
ҶСڸ֮ͭǰ˵ͭʸסլۡλڶɽ£ɽͭʳڣ⴦ۡжɽǰнɽˮۡΧдƬë֣š
һۡ۸浱ȻҲˣΪƽߣҶСȱľǮǧƽ̻˴ĲƸɽĽ﷢ù⣬ȴٻ
ҶС쿴ǮǾûκôȻزūסҲίԼһ˸ϵɽסۡסҶСڻƷɺëǵͬ¿˿ǰ󻷾
ȵõʱҶСŸȥ֪ţ֪֪ڼҺ͹ҵķһãϣѾ󽵵ˡ
һֱͭʵһ˾ǴδɹżҵȨڼҺ͹ҵķױ¶żҵ˾ǿʼϵͳĵĵط
ǰһĴڣȲҲӻ϶ûʲôԼڼأڼҵ˾ɱ϶־ǹң£Ҳڼʩѹʹڼ֡
޲ߣʱҶС쵽ˣԴҶСȥһˮɽûнʹþӶ񻯣ӶҲͲˡӾܱȽҶС죬Ҳ᲻ʲô£˼䣬򷢳ȥ
ҶС֪ųȥ˷ݼ񣬵Ű͡ʱѾ͸ߣʦҪ;ܶˣٳ治㣬Ϊٴɡ
һ磬ҶСظϵ֪ţ׼ʽΡ֪ͬҶСȥһӦ֮ҶСѯʵ֣ԭƹٶ칫ġ
˵ƹ٣ƹһԼ칫
ҶС˱üͷ뵽֪ʵԭ˾ҲǼҡһ壬ݵطܰԭٳĳԴбҲȻˣСȴϰڼа참⸮ѵδô
΢΢ԳһЩŹ֣СȻеģֻƹһ칫Щҡ
ҶСЦǵ޷¹ΣҪЩǣЩң˴ɨһҲˡ
ˣʹȥŶ
ҶСҾ֡
ƹûжŵģ֪ﵥٳһԺ䣬Ϊƹٰ칫ڣڳ֮Ϊ
ҶСţҶСһȥȻվסǴϾ͹һἣ߲ġƣҪΪĳũԺᡣ
һžһĲԣһƬУˮģԱ߻мӶǣ̵֧ȥҰȤȻֻＦڶӵеʳ
ҶС쿴۷ֱҪ˵ĴԺʵСŵĸһǰԺ칫ԺסҪٶҪЯҾסǮĹԱխ˽Ҳãͻס
統ںصʱةǲסġһЩֻٺ»ûƵĹԱǾֻסˣΪԼⷿĻʵ̫ʵǸشԺ
ôϢŨҲͬũɣҪ֪ǰԺ칫ڡҶС߳ͼһɿ㣬ͷͷСһڵʺɤӺ
һִ߹ȥòһذʺ˵һȻ׳ֱۣǺһЮʼƨɡҶС쿴üһȴǼֲ֣Ǹ˴żҵģ¡ĥλ˶ô
ǸŤͷһȵӴⲻүôпչˡ
ݵÆ£ȥºĥٶеãƹүˡ
Ǹ˿ҶСһۣλƹүţƹүȻᡣ
ҶСǿһЦЦŵͷǸ˵үǲ˵ūһΪүҵСء
ҶСЦݶʱϣסЦӷϻ߯࣬ȥˣƹүõȡǸæӦţ¶ӱ㼱Ҵȥ
ҶСһǰһ߽ܵǽ澸񲻶࣬ٶֻ̣ٺ»׾ݣټԭƹٲԱǰԺռˡ
ҶС˰ͷԭƹĬǰԺȫռˣƹһڷڵأ񲻳һˣɧֲܶֻűˡ
ҶСƹһƬ˵أתɹ¿ͱһֻҽеڡõĴŰţһƣһļС
ҶСһͼ߰ضΡྲرҲм䣬ϱ˻ҳҶСʱɴ۾˭˵ƹٲ칫ϻҳ֮Ҳ겻˹ˡ
ģҲЩ̫񻰣ɤӶҶСҶ͵ܣʵ½ţǾȰɣǼٵˣҶ͵ȼǣͷˡ
˵ţͼĸ߹δۣѰӵĳҶСϸһͼһȻɫϻмʵ˺ۣ߱Ȱ
ȵƹҶڴˣȻǰݼ̫Ҳƣ
ֹͣǰҶСǼмèӺ۵˹ֵ¼Ƶ侭ɣƹү
⻨ҲǾ٣λƷ׵λ࣬ͬǰ칫Σί칫κί칫αȻźܴ𡣻ƹٵ٣Ƶ侭רŸƷ
ʱǸмָӡȻǸձҲǰʩ¹С׼ƹү
˹ְλԵͣһǶ£һĥ֪±ĥĥҶСһλ˾٣סڴǱߣ֪㵽ΣͷԻݼġ
ҶС쿴˿ɺͽСףüʵλιʻŹ
ɺͽС׶һۣڨڨƹүҶˡҶ˲δ
ؿ˿ϵӺۣЦЦصλ˼кӶʨɣ
λү˶ʱһ죬ҶСŻȻԭǼұԼŴģ
һѵǼʲôˣҶƹѾΣ֮ڰԺ˰ˣߣ˩ã·ԺȥУСӲǰԺˣ
ҶСԼէ²̫ϾҪָԼ£ڵšֵǼ˾ͲҪŰˣδɣ˹ֿϧģԺûлԣȨţľɡǺǡ
ҶƹٿǿɲǣĻһ㳯͢ٵӣȥɣһҪʰٶΨΨŵŵæ¡
ҶСҡͷ̾סԺ忪ķҷסмֻһǽ֮˶ţǸϹħͷķ˸ѹɷ̫ꡣʱҷͬʱѣǺӶʨ𣬺ХεΪۡ
ҶСΪôţ
ʧЦΪй٣бµ˭й٣ûûµܲ۸ụֻ̂ôٺ»ȻԹɷҷö֮˺Ӷʨ
ۼҶСɫԽԽѿȻʶԼ˵̫ˣϽҸͷ֮󼪡һȺӴֵشǰܹҶСЦŶصԴһʧɣ
صôأ˵ؾȻôԳ̵ı£ôԳѧı£˵ˮţ٣¼ֵľ˾ϵڣУΪܣûй˾˾û˴˾ǿ˴˾̷ģѧһ԰ֵ֪ĵط
ҶСȻ
ز˼صôؿңѧܲ˼
ҶСȻΣҡͷ̾ѹ˼˵ϹءϡߵǷǡŪʡܴԽ棬ͨ󼡢ޣʵɶ񣬽Ҷĳ⡣
Цص̹


03 ˱ܽ
Ժ忪һŷӣɻɺͽСλٸסһ룬Ϊ֪ºĥǱϣסмǼмһľǽһռһ룬˴˷Ÿƨڶü
ͥԺҲмһǽһСԺԺǽߣֻҵ޶ǽǽǽмһ״ĻڣͰֻҪһ̧Ⱦȥ
ʱƵ侭ֱͦͦعԺУϥ·һ°塣°ǰ·˳ŷŵģǻڹ°ܽľ飬ôűȺŷʹҪһЩɽձӳͷΪ͵͵˼Ǯ
ǰƷ٣Ȼǹ٣͵ٵļӣӿԶ⣬ӲܲҪԾֻٺ»ûԴҪѾСͯҶӡ
ȻΪʡǮҲ̸ϰڿ̸µѡʵϾǹ˼ң˼ҶӣŮѾСˣɱϾҲһʲСĿүӹú׾ݡ
ƫƫ;Ļʧ֮Ⱦ˶ĲĶϰһȡǮŮƥѣһᣬ֮£Ǳ͵ȥþ⣬ǻɾͱ˹
ԺŶ֨ѽһɳһ±״һϽȥŵؽԺӣǽϻڿſڵϣ֣ʲô
̧ͷԽϵ簡Ȯӣ͵ĸ׵ˣ˷ͷϵһ飬Ժңٺ٣ҡ
ม
һɵľ״֪ʲô£ԭϵӣС˵ѹֻҪſڵҡڻֵļǣСͶذͶذɣСܾͲˡ
˦˦䣬ػݣѻ첱Ӵֵģͷ£Ǵ°ӸţôǱʶأʵˡ
ʱһŮ˵ŵûϽã־ƳԼæӳԺһͼӷбͷܶɨ
ԺȦԺ׷һ׷һĻԭҹһû飬˵Ǳһ֪ȥԾˣղŻһ۾ͷиǺۡ
ǶֻĺܣʱԺĳɷȥҷͷٿԺйñֱԼˣȻżСҲûʲô˵ġ
ԥҪҪɷط緹ԺŶ֨ѽһˣһʿҡһСȣֵ˽߻һͦ꣬һĲںӡ
غͻƷɡëǡסԺڹԱǰԺġɼȮɣũҴԺˣһŵϺ涼ûУ⻹ô칫
Ҷү׼ʱһͭʷ⣬ɽ¡ɽؾӧලˡ
ҶСһʹݺңң˶ɽ£ɽ֮ȥѧݻһͣͰɫһѧңңϯҶСǣݾȻҲϯ顣
ҶСְԽԽ󡢹ԱۡĲٳִҲڸоʶ֣ûʲôѧʣ޷ٳôһң޷ΪҶСǡ
ٻ֮ҵĹʵ̫ˣҶС컹ֻһССʷʱǹͷͱǹżǧ˵ĸ׻Ҫö࣬еĹԱһȣĲһ峤ˡ
ҶС쵱Ȼݳѧʣ벻ҪֳϽֻһǮͲֻ֪˶ӣ֪˼ҸǮ
ֵҶС˷֣һ˻Ʒɺëǰæ׸ͷ棬ȴյԺĿ˺Ӷʨ𡢺ХľһĻ
һԺ¹ĻٿԺﻹȦĽȻãʵŴɨҪЩʧǵĹٶǴ񣬷ٹҲ޼£ضԶţ

ҶСݺңңһȥ˶ɽ£ڶɽ³һիˣݷͣȥ˽鸮ۡ
ãشŻƷɺëҲˡëһҶС죬ѽһĻ˵ҶСҶСûһúЦëѧ࣬ҶСֻǳ̾˿
ʵͷֲԾˡطֿȵţͭʸȴһ衣һ쵽ɽˮԵصҲûһ˽⣬ƹһ졣
ȻƷ٣Ŀһ֮ңˣ˷ôЩ뷨ֻܷֽأʦүĺôˣܴһãܣٻʰ̯ӡ
ҶСǲ˴ģֱӳġںظͬŵĺ³ҪڵĲãɽ߻ʵԶĵطûлʵۿԳﵱ³ǾԾڡˡ
ѾоӶȳһܸӳľ˺һŴ಻ӭ٣ӵ̬Ȼ仯
ҶСѾμˣΪֹͬϪ˾ɵӴûκһͭʸͼӴ׽̫ˡ
ںصʱ򣬲첮ĻǰԶεʱ׽ӴȨȨһɣ׳Լƣȴᣬ˭һپƷأ
ʵһΣյѶˣ¹ղѻվˣҪȥգֺֻܿܰ齻ȥڡ
գҶСʽáһͼԺɸɾԭŴеĵط֪ĶһʯʯӦ¿̵ģٺ»֬࣬ŰۡĴֻѪ
ҶС׿ŵԱĶǼҲøɸɾطԸ˰εģĻ˵ž͸иŵӣԼ֪ׯأ˭ᾴ㣿
ҶƹٴŴµĹۣϴö󣬼Ƶ侭˾¡ĥͷ죬ӡ֡üһáسվҶС참ңѭ촹ֹҶС참󣬻ƷɺëҲվҶС
ҶСԼȼϰϰͷҲŽ죬Լ˸Ӧֵ֣ܶɼˣܸ档
ãһһƹ٣ҶС챾ΪǻԼںسμʱһ޾ɣͬȴùӣ춯أվñֱ
ҶС찵йעҾȻһ£ׯأ˵ҶСʱ̫ˣһʮͻȻһƨɴվǰҶСջһ
ҶС쾪ȵؿ˿Цڰҵأһж겻һɢţǾȻƣȻ¹ˡ
ҶСܺ棬ظЩ˹ЩʲôԻҩȻЧ˲Ű


04 ʱ֮
ҶС¹Σһʷ㶼׳۵ó棬ׯϡµУҶС켸ҪΪж󸷣ִʮ˵˾ˡ
֮󣬹׷£ﻹһ塣ԺûСȥˣҲûи군ĸҫؿУƽԺﲻٳˮˣֻһ˶ĽʯǶҶСϣ°ͣ°ͣ˫°͡
ҶСʵ£еԱţҶС춼ڹø󶥣мģҶСмδһֽСīд˶
ӨӨţţиǼšϴεļѾ͵ˣΪֹûʲôϢٶ˸ƹ٣˵һЩ
Ǵլûд˾סġǶ·̣ɽˮ㣬ӪãڶѣסҲӦӦǸܲڡ
Ʒ˼ȦüͷȻһ£е˶£һʱ¡ׯϵķΧܿͻſȸĻʧ
Ƶ侭ǩѺҡСȣ߿ˮɫ䲻˿ɥãغǺһЦԣĳѾˣʵɲΪ˵ģ
ذһգͭʸ£ЩҪʵȨҲ٣Ų֮䷢˾ףҲͨǽһ¿ˣ
ҡҡͷȻĳڹΪҵ֪ǹ˾£ĳһϯ֮أΪΣ֮䷢˾˾öϣ˾֮䷢أ
ɵȻҴ˾öϣ
ôôˮɽ֮ңΪδ

ػһվͺӣػȣϲ֮ӣ˾Ϊ£ìܽλ˾ԼҲǰìܡͻԽԽ࣡
ǲ뷢չ˫սĵزûһ߱㹻ͣǾͱȻҪһ˫ɽܵĵطǷǣʱǲǻ˭˭
ſ˫ۣص⣬ʱҲõʱ
״ӽ̾һĳ´ǣãȻ룺õôô
ĭɵصͭʳУ˽֡ƽ̫֡ƽ֣̼ƼǴ඼Ǻˣͭʳһ˿Ǻˣ˾ìʱõΣ
ǰǡǡΪƹٱᣬδԼƹ٣Ϊö֮ҲԹٸֹɥʧġýսǲܣʵǲΪҲ
Ŀ⾼ŻɣһҪͭʳеĺǿΪġѵô֮йӶкֹϵ˴˽ȰЩסͨǣǾܰѸ֣
ǣ˵Ĺ˾Ե棬￪ʼͭʳǣͭʸ˾ȨУʱֻ㻨ҪæʳһҲǲˣ
ͼջ۷ų룬ֵĵصôҿƹٴֻǵȿšǣ˵ƹٴֻǵŹ˾ţȥ鿱¡
⻨ʵˣһ򿿰˴˾׬ǮģȻڿǳ͢ȡٸȨʵͷƹŵˡ
΢΢һЦģҶԣƹٴںΪһ֪١룬ƹ͵סįҼҶҪô֣һֱضʯ쾪躹ޣֻΪ˵ȴõĻᣬν겻һ˰
Ļŭţ겻仰ȴꣿĪЦм꣬ȲʵڵȲ𰡣
عЦ겻ֻһʡģҼҶ̵Ƣܲˡ
Ѿ֪±ĥĥ˾СǶһȦ˿ǿӵһݽʦˣȻͲʹˮúȡ
ظ뿪ǩѺճײƷ߹Ʒüͷһصʵˮţټͭʸô˻ûһ顣
ƷȻرгɼҲЩֻܸ˵ëʵûʲôģϲëǶĿǰֻԵӦ÷ǳ㡣
뵽ƷŤͷſڿһۣëǲ֪ĶѰһ֨֨¸µΣүƵſڶڴ˯
ЦЦ㲻ҪŸոΣͥУǲм١ڳиҶƹεĽض˻˾ġ
о仰û˵ҪðŵģĸʵͶ·˾ӶͭҲʱ̫ˣ״ֻϦˣĵȵ
Ͱ˺֣һֻǹųջʽŴ˾ӶΪģ˵ڵ㣬ɲǼٵģǶѰôֻæڣûʱȥȰϣƾ粻֮࣬Ͳԩİսסĺơ
⣬ν񲻾ٹٲȻǴԱеһΪ̬ȣʵȴҲȻղ棬˾ĹԱʲôΥҼ͵¶һȨ졣
˵ƹоȨ̫ʵ۹涨𱰵ƶȣɥȢգͬݵ˶вͬĹ񣬶ʱգԽصԽԽ࣬ݲȴݻƹүȨ㡣
ԣ״ܾ򿪾棬ûŴ˾ȥƣ˭ȢϱԽӦе̣Ͱ»Ķץ෿붴
˭Ұɥ¸ߴԽص·Ͱѻ˺ȫѺ෿ӣ˭ҰԽ˹񣬾Ͱ뵽ҡûֹһϹϽģû˭
ҶСд˼͸ӨӨϲ飬ʸдšȻ˵չҺ͹ѾٽףչҼȻ˼Ů˼ѱд㣬Щ
·ֻ̺֪ܽűϾ֪Ҫϸ࣬ҲǻĿعٿԱģոξ볤٣벻ġ
⣬ʯ丮ͭʸĹϵֵúܽΪͭʸƹģȥʯ丮£Ҳ̫ҡЩмڴˣҶСѡдŵķʽдãոշڣȻһүп͵ã


05 죬һ
ҶС̧ͷһͼƵ˽ţһģҶСպã밸ӭЦʵ֣ʲôˡ
ЦǺǣżȻ·Ȼ뵽ϵͷһõӣԾ͹ơҶϵܣȻһ£մͬ˰
ҶСˣԸС˲裬СܸոյΣҪһҲɿˣſȸڻûء
̾˿ҶСҶϵܣҾͶ˵øĻɣʵأҲδãǹΪ٣ףһ̤ѣ簲ȵ̫ƽ
һ仰죡㻹ᣬôᣬŬĶȥ簾ٹʮֻ꣬Ҫ̫̫ƽƽһֱڹٳ죬ûб˸ôҲܻƷƷĹݰɣգ
ҶСϿҵضٵֵһƬԣСܽͷ
ټҶСλֱǰֵ쳣أкοδɽҲд˵Ƣ¿ɼԲΪţڳϴͷ
ٵͭʸĹٲԭȨĸ·ӡ٣٣иģȻ̫׽Ҳ֮飬㲻ҪȥɣΪΪӷ磬ǵ˽֡ӡСüΡ
ҶСϽֳƷѣСôҵɣʱԺСֿҪüѽ
һԺüͷ˼£ĵλҶƹٵ˽ͦ񰡣ԺһϯȿӹֹǿӾһҾ¥Ժȴ¥˼Ҫҹޣ
һ룬ֻҶСͭʼϸееᡣںصʱ򣬰ޣҹҹϸ裬һӡ뿪طͭʺ󣬷һӿֱûлָԪ
ٱЦѽѽɫǹιǸֵˣҪơ
ҶСĲų仰ŻˡʵأͺСһ޵лŮʲôԪ
ɫȻȻģ̫Ԫ
ţ
ҶСͶ̽ѯһۣ͵ѹζʱһ죬仰ǳԼڴ֮䲻ΰɷˣϽڨڨز⣬һǡ
ҶС͵ſڣԼͬԺƣҶСתãһȸãһӺ׷صϡүſڶˣڿҪһս
ҶСһϲˣϽ˴Ƶ£Ѿľһģȵã
һӦ۷׷ãҲϵվҶСԡգǰ˴ãҶСĿ⾼ͻХ״һˣʱй
һز֪ãЦĲӣ̤ǰһȵ󵨣ȼƹٴˣΪβ򣡡
ҶСص˰ɣǸѧԱйù򣡡
ϵˣ
ĺЦҶС칰˹֣Ҷͭ٣ȴ߯Ҳ˼ո־һô˵֪֮Ǿʶʱй
ĺ˱ǺѧԱ˵ĸ׽Ա͢ΪϮ˾٣ǶҲˮǴߣ˸ѧ飬һǿԱ͸ͬʿġ
ҶС֪νľֻϷŪǰ췭˸۶ߵǰأ׼桢أңͿ
ЦҶ磬ɹֲǲ֪񾴣ʵ벻ʲôźáɣϣԺֵȸʹ죬Σ
ԺȻ뵽ԼҶСЦݿصλ͵ܿ˰ϲ裡Ϻò裡

Եǭأͭʡɽ֮еͭʸ羰֮ȷǶǭͭʳﴦһɽΪ֣ɽһţǶ㡣
ĺɫãһȺ˲ЦŵɽЩŮȻǸ˼ӵܡɽϽһ߲㱦ľϹһЩŮ£ܵԶʧ
һ˺ֻһţѵôѰŪ
˵ǰƹүںںֶȻ֣һƹ٣ʵȴҪ֪ڿͤõܣڿͤŷ伸Σ
ںҲʮͣҲĴѰһѰһľ⶯ʵĺܣܹ򿪡ǰæһһˣ˶ʱˤ˸ƨա
ԱһŮ״͡һЦŮޢͷ˫٣üۣɫ𪣬Ϳ֬ǸܿεСѾͷ
СһЦСӶЩڨڨز˼ӵʱԱȴһ꾪ϲؽеſˣſˣ
ŤͷȥͼȻû˿ľžþ꣬ѾЩˣһ˰оΧľͷãžʹˣ˻һȥ
ˣһȺ
Ůһվŵµؽ£µЦŻ˼䣬Ϊл࣬Ҳû˵ЩʲôŮƬ̣ȤߵΧԶ
Զ֮ˮϦ²ңңԵĶɽ¶ʱϦգϼ죬ש߲㱦һŮӭһ´ƮƮֱ졣
ڶһ꣬Լʮ˾͡˫ַϥشŴҪкŮԶ̬˫۶ʱһֱ
ϸϸСȹ´ĳഺߣ´ȹƮڿеģһһ֮䣬ַһ㾪޵ĸо
ͰĽŮȻ˵һĻֻѪϳ壬ҲȥԺһѱס˺ŮŮȻ˱סŵüһֱ
걧ûͷûԵؾ׽ȥòϲ㣬Һϲ㣡
㲻ϲ㣬ҹŮŭƿ꣬ͺϲ㣬㡭޸ɡ
Ůز˲ϵĭһ꣬иһȹһŷȥöģ
ѽ
걻ŮһУΧһײȻһӷ˳ȥ

꾪û궼ˣæһץ͵ץס˵ڶΧȫڿУһӶˣϿ־ؼȥȥ
ŮԭֻһйߣϾǻ˵ѣδôһΣСŵɷףŮæȥɺŮ֣ùȫ޵Ѽһˤȥ


06 һ׮
ԺҶСĸĺȸϵģҶС죬ʱҶСȻ֣Ѵ֪ͬҲӷʵڲ֡
ЩһιԱһСѧԱԱԱһǡۡĹ٣һǡԤۡĹ٣ݺϵĲܻ࣬䣬Ǻͬϯһŵġ
ڹݣֹٳ̬㲻ˡҶСΪ˫һ飬֪ͬϤλүǺ½תΪϮٵλկǶʱ׽˼֡
ϸ˵ǶϮ٣Һرͭ£ύկǽһΪկΪϮ٣ͿԳΪ֪ͬڹٳϵı
Ըĺ˵Ҳһܱѡн븮ѧ˵ڸǿɿ͵ֶһղγ٣̳˵ݾͻڱ
˾ոתΪϮڵɽկԭڲѡתΪһϵϮƻҪһɽ׶ΣһǶԼߵѡ൱Ӱм˾֧֣ǽǡϸڡǿԮ
ҶС챾Сֵܺʹ֪ͬĲһȥȴĸѸƱҪ׽֡ƹѲ˹ζ˼־Ĵ֪ͬŪķֶ
֪ͬžƱصǲŻ֪ŮվǱȲҸ˵ġܻӭֽᣬеŮӿԶ߱ġ
֪ͬһҷ֮ã˶ֻڴԳ͵Ц֮λǰˡиɽֹĸо̲ס̵ԹȻеҹֵġ
֪ͬЦΪףԲѵðȤԡˮһأ֮˵ҵıҪҪ˰ò¿ıǮƵͨ£СӭҪˮĥν֮¿СС
֪ͬһЦмصʵֻ˵һ룬һ뾡Ҫ߱ЩԶԶģΪԼ߱һСָҸİĽȻҪù
۵ǻҪ
֪ͬһھƣָҪΪҪҲɹΪ֣Իʱط
ĺصʱطν⣿
ҶСüĽԣǶڴ֪ͬоȴҹͬҶС쵣Сֵδᱻ֪ͬӰ죬ŻͷҪעһ£֪ͬйӴ
֪ͬδעҶСԲõ飬͵ˣ˵ѡʲô֡ܽ˼ǷòӴ֮£ҵġ򸾺ġû˿øеģǾʹ˰ְɣ˷ѹ
Ҫôһ˿ܣ·ʱҪʱ͵صˣҪʲôʱ䡢ʲôص㣬ź÷׽ءҪ֪Щ˶ײŵġ
ײţһֱţʱɶע⡢ڴ˵Ļᣬ͵֣ᣬڵصѡδʱѡ̫ƧڣȥġҲѡֵ̫ڣη׽˶ӵģ˿ʵ
ⷨǷӣҪʲôӣ㣬㡣һŰʵĻһһõĻѡˣʱѡˣʱҪõ
ǰ취Ҫʲô취׽˵ز٣ƺ«ĿڲţЩįԹҸΪһЦ崺磿ŮҪģľͻƮ
ɽһ粻֮Ҳǲеģ㻹Ҫơ׽Ļᣬͬʱܽ쵽ģеֻ֮᲻Դˡ
֪ͬӵŪķֶΣһ˵ţһ߷֣һλĵ˶֣Ū˶ĺӲϾˣѪգģͽļѻ˶͵ˡ
ҶСδ漰ʱֵط˺棬ļʶˣȴҲˡȻҲϲ˶ϲԿŮƷͷһǶǮɫȴȤȱȱѳֵסһ
ҶСøĺ𩻹δԵ꣬͸կϵۼֵ;㿼Ǿɢ˾ϯСֵܴߣ˴֪ͬӰ졣
ʱͼһص߽ߵ֪ͬߣ˵˼仰ҶСϵǴ֪ͬһӣͼ仰˵գ֪ͬɫʱһ䡣
ֹ֪ͬͣ˴Ūһƿ˶ҶСϵ̨ĳЩҪϻȥմĳлɣ͸ˡ
ʵش˶̧ͷͷʵ֣ôͼˣɩ˲һ򡭡һ򲻴߻¶ô
绪ǿЦʵҪ£Ǹ˵˵֪ͬĺһ˸ȦҾβߣȲñš
֪ͬԺһޣ߶ǻԼۡȥ֪ͬҴҸϻظۡ޶˵ӣֱլ
ҴլʵҲС֪ͬ죬У뼸ɫŵؽͷӶ֪ͬһͷ˽ϸϽӭ̻Ȼүô죬
֪ͬؿһۣϵʱ֪ͬأ
ϸϽԱС鷿ָָ֪ͬ޵ݸϣС鷿ȥ֪ͬһƣţţˡ
гĬƬ̣һŮҲɱģĲɱġ
֪ͬϽ֪֪ǼҲôɱء֪ίģ쿪ţ龭Ե˵˵
ʱĴ֪ͬĹۣûǰļҳģҲûǲݵķϣûڹǸΪʱһѰĴȸ
ϵİοȰ˵֮£С鷿ڿˣ֪ͬϽȥͼŮһţǽǣڵϣ˫ֱϥͷϥ䣬͵͵š
˾˼Ҵ檡Ů˳Ⱥǻ治檳Ⱥ˾һŮãѾֻһεڳϾõ֪ͬ檺ܶ࣬ҲֻһŮá
ԶŮ֪ͬǵһǻţһŮģ֪ͬòۣæǰסŮͷ֪㲻ĵģҪˣܷʲô£еڣ㲻õġ
ޣһ˵׻ӻڿ־زֹ֪ͬļ򣬰ο±£еȥȫߵ
İ龭˵һ飬֪ͬɫʱˤȥ˽Т죬ֶ֪ӣȣ¸ˤżҲưոˡ
ô죬ѵԼŮŮ԰׿־С֪ͬòۣҪάϵԼĴڣҲܰŮȥģҲУ
֪ͬʵТ¸¿˿
Ĩֻӽ׸翴ˣʱոϡ
֪ͬ׷ʵӽףȫδϷʲô·֮Ҳûʣ
ڰصҡҵʱŻˣӽ׸µòУҲ֪Ҵ˴͡ҸϽܻؼˡ˵ʱĲ㣬Тҽˤȥȫȥ쿴δҡ
ԭˡ
֪ͬĿ˸˼£Ůɿ־Īӣӵһ£¡ֻһ⣬ƽϢµģϴԵ㶫˯°ɣģаأ
֪ͬŮȥϵۣȥ˿֪ͬĿһɨȫұˣ˭Ҷ˵һ֣ӻ


07 ҹ뾪
ҹɫ֪ż֮һ˯㡣֪˷ֵ壬ฺأ֮¶˵ܾǰͳһݳ޵ܣϲ檣ұ˯
ӱʾ֮ܰ㣬Ƥ⻬˿У˶ֱ޷˯ܳʮ̫ʾүůү˯ֱ޷
Ȼ䣬죬ҹҲΡŴӻŻŵȵʲô£
СѾսսشүĻūҲ
ŭȥ飬𣿡
Աʮ̸Ͻ˵ƣ̺촩ܽţΪ£Ͳʲô²Ż࣬һǸۡܵΧǸۡˮ
ƽ磬ҹ۱Χλ֪ĸۡȻǼش飬ʧ⸮ۡլԺΪľƣֲСҲʧء
ŴæŴ·ʱĶͩѾЮԺǽ֪֪ԭ˾ţԺǽȸҺǽϻһ¥¥֮仹кܿ˱·һǽ
ԺǽһֱرأֽͩԺǽһҹҹСͷ˳
ͩʮ꣬˸ͬ£ͩûгշëýüĿʮֿʡ֪ҷҲ֪Ψһĵӡͩżǽ⿴һۣʮְ
ͩࣿ
Сͷ˵ҲʾǴǰԺġ
Ŷ
ͩȵϼӽ䱸˿ɱۣ˵մҴ˼˸ǽҴǰԺȥ
ǰԺʱҲǲԺѶﶼŻѣԶܿԷ߽˽һǴүѶͩȵ˵ǰ߷ʲô£
ǱѶׯæشүһִԸǰǰԺҶΪׯԺģֻ֮ʾ
ͩһ㶣Ҷ壿ȥ
ò״룬˷Ŵ֮߳Ѳһ޵ֻݣĿŵس֮Ϊ޹ˡԴߵãҲ
һƨɰԼΣȵʲô£Щ̽
ʱͩżױҴҵشãһ㲻õģǰԺʾ󱨣ҶҼףì㱸شӸǰȥׯ
Ŵһ㶣Ȼ壿ҹģ϶Ҫ˭ȥ

֪ͬ鷿⣬˴үһڼҶԶܳʮɿ⣬˿һԶԶģֻܿү֪ͬڻӳڴϵļӰ
鷿ڣڻɫ氧ؿŴ֪ͬˣҵĶӰ
ڻǴ֪ͬһͷˣϲԴ˳͢аһϮ֪ͬĹΪϲٽͭʣȻ⻹ׯӣҪѾũΪкܶ˶˳аգϲҲתԴ˺;Ϊҵˡ
绪֪ͬǰڻǴϲµһͷˣһרŸˣ֪ͬı˸ƷĹְȻϮҲ˰ȫҾͰͭʳǡ
֪ͬڻĻصҵŮأֻһŮȴֻһӣ
ڻˣʳӰҡôܡ
֪ͬشڻļϣڻһ˫ϥ΢ؿ֪ͬ
֪ͬһһص㲻Ҫˣ˾ҵļūսϣҺҵļΣգֻȫˣǸûȫ˵ȻҺҵļˣ
ڻصɡⲻս
֪ͬЦһڵǣҵļΣգҪĶվһ
ڻͻ˫ϥһڴ֪ͬ£ʹصҵĶʲôҲûзΪʲôΪʲôҪ
֪ͬصΪ˾ҵļū
ڻߵͷˣС˰ǰ󡭡
ס죡
֪ͬɫ࣬һ֣ϵĻʱҲһҡҷ
֪ͬţҲ޹أҲ޹ҵŮͷԡӽֻܾǸӲϾȣǾǵĴǺҵŮҾҪȫҵ
֪ͬڻħҪôȫȥҪôͽ͸ׯӣĶվŮһ٣Լѡ
ڻ̱ڵϣɸ£

ϸۡ﷢ذΧǽ»ͨԿиͿԿĹγһεȦڳεĻȦУһ߽ηָխĳֱֺլȻֹ
мߣִѣì嵶ʿ绪ʹʿмǰš
ǰ⣬泤ɱڵصϡ֣ͻֶһųļڳ֦飬ǿҡ
ʸȥģ߸֮ϵĴҡ˼£䡱һصˤǰʯϡȵ绪Ҫͷڹ꣬ҳҶӵ
ڹ
µױźƬ֮󣬾ͼ֮ƣ֮ϣ֪ͬӰмϣиһƳɵļֽʵĴܣڴ֪ͬߡ
֪ͬ̽ͷ濴˿־ŭغȵǷʲô裬ҹҵĸۡ
Ŀغеմģٸװ⣬ǱŮʲôѵ㲻
绪ľĪŮԲʵʱ˿Тȥ绪ǿ򾲵غ֪ƨΪҶƹٽӷ磬ĳ˼˯ˣ㾿Щʲô
ָŴ绪ҺҶТɽϵ䣬ΧȻȥʱ˼ҵļڳ˵ۿŮɫ̵ֻرӼСӷŴҴȥ˭֣⻹һĿȻ𣿡
绪⻰ʱһȴŭģȵһɺԣҵŮԩ޳ΪҪȥ˵ŮһޢŮǿ׳࣬ôܰȥ
Ц⧲ҲܱɳСˣҶŮȫ޷Ǳȥʲôϣ棿Ů֣ΪδҴȥ϶һ
֪ͬҪ˵ͻسಡһæӶһơһжƣһΣЩӡȵٽƱ磬Ůʣ


08 
֪ͬڶƺ溰ãȥŮŮ޹ʱҸۡʣǾ͵֪ǰżҵҲ̫
绪һ䳡滰ʹȥԸסˣҪǸҳҵĸۡǲϧһҲøҶס̤ҵׯ԰һ
ǺȻ绪ּլӽ׵Ƿӻشģ绪ص·ϱѿ˼ֿܣԸ˰ڻҲԸӴʱڴͷ
绪һȺĻӵֱᣬǰҲ룬̧ȾһţߵźȻһײ绪ڵش˽ȥ
ڻʧǵػӽ׼ɫѿæ׷ԵɣڻԼ׹⣬Ļ˵óڡ
Ǵ֪ͬĻԲвϴӦ֪ͬʹô֪ͬ鱻ɱŴ֪֮ͬ£ȫҶô򵥣ʱĴ֪ͬһУвӲ̡
˾ʵۣʵ۱Ļʵ۸רȨ޼ɵҲЩʹͷʵ˾˾үɵǾԴʧȥغֻε̬£Ա˾ֻмǿ޷
ӽ׷ʣڻֻüɬ¶ʵ飬ӽһʱ׺䶥Т˳ᣬô÷Լڱ׷ףƾʲô֪ͬŮ˴ȴҪȥ
ǣ֪ͬвô֪ͬ˵ָʾ£Ҫɱȫңһڿ֪ͬԿõҲκվ򱧲ƽ
˾ʲô˾ķϸߣֻõݺݶǮҲУ˾ţ򣬵͵ɱһرɱԵڼկڿֱͤ׳ΪĬԳײСŮʩԱ̣Ƿ⿪ԭڴˡ˾˼ҵڿͤСĿȾȻΪкβס
Ǽ˻ʵ۲㿴˭˵ҪͷϾ͵ñĹǵĭӻӿԣɱɱʵҲûôɣ˾Ϳԡ
ܴϲĺ̶Ⱥܸߣǰ調̱ĹֶΣǴ֪ͬ˺ݣ˵Ļһϣײ㣬ͷˡūǴϼūɱᡣ
̵̻ģ绪ɱش˽һϸӣȵ㸸Ӷ˿ǵôˣ𲻴Ӧҵ
ڻ̡߲һڵأߵͷ絷ص˿
֪ͬɭɭһЦӽףô˵
ӽ˫ϥһҲȥ
֪ͬ³һڸ⣬Ѵҵĸ֪ۡ
ϸӶײ֪ͬתߣһһ߳ԸǰŮߵʱ򣬾ͿǵͷգһͳͳץףӳŮӷ潼ң
ڻٿһӽҲֽ֪ͬһֻŸżѱס˫ӽڱشˣˣСԸСԸС

˴ߵ˺ܾûϢ಻סԸǿһ굲һЩиŭԸ˾ͽȥһЩ˼ҲЩŰ崲ƣҪһй򣬾ͼ֮
һֹ˵ɧɴ۾Ϸһ绪ӰֳˣվڸߴԶԶﺰ˵£ĳѾˣӼҵӽףҵŮ
һŭƨӼСǸʲôҶҶմģΪ˰ԼŮҪ޻ô
Ⱥٶ棬ӽ׼λ͵ģȻһȴ̸õƽȣӽ߳䵱ȷӭЦǻС˽ɫˣܻȦӣҲλĽˡ
ǽճôһ£ӽ׺Ⱥδ˾ײͳ߻ô죬ķչԶվͬһϵͬˣκλŷգԽ󣬷ҲԽĴ£㹻ʵȫԼȴҪΪֻĸ
֪ͬЦӼСӲҶѵҵŮ͸ˡʵĶӵֻҵŮ˴⣬ҪӼҴҵĹϵ㲻᲻ɣӼСȻǰֹ֮䣬ʧˤ¸ʵˡ
⻰ЩŰҪԭǣҲѣǸʮСŮ޶벻ʲôҪôĶȥ
֪ͬԺѵҶͼϷŮӽ׿ˣܲһʧ֡ӽҲʮ˾꣬Ҷ൱ֱҶǿ׳һЩ
ôһ룬ƱһЩȵֻŮһ֮ǣ׼
绪ϵӽڱٸϣѾʹҶһ޶
תת㽻ӽףĳ
绪ӽף㲻࣬ɱҸۡׯū㵱Ҵĳ˾ô۸ģˣҪ֪ǰ
ﲻȴҲȣӽΪ˾ҵŮɲܲ˵ף˽㣬˭֪᲻ΪΣСһ磬֪żɣ
ﻹ˵֪ͬɤŵĳ԰ڴ˴ѵ㻹˲ɣԾڴˣ֪Ŵⳡ˾ʱ˿̣ˡĳˣ˵գ绪һ˦ӡ
ֱ׳ģи˼֡޹ӵҪģ֪ͬԣҲʦˡԥȲϳֲü򣬾ôǶ
ˣҶС뿪ڶɽµĸۡ
˴λڸ֮ɽͽжɽɽϽжɽ¡ɽЩׯ԰Ǹ˼ҵׯƽʱסڳҲˣǳɧסڶǵҶСȫδš
ͦġҶСӭĵĴ⣬Ȼ˵һ䣬ѭϽӿڵԸ˾ɡ
Ʒɰѭɷ羰ҶСоƣϽӿЦôãǸԵĺͷһܿš
ëֿЦǸãһֱǰǴӡҲŵͷˣɻûƨأĴѼ
΢΢һЦοǵǷģѷ˸ʾȥҪ˾ģҲд״ӰɣҲĳϲͻ˾ˡ
˵䣬һ˵˸ǰһƸǰΣضʱһ㶣Լ״ʦʦүͦǲʦүأƺʦҲܻѻ죬̫׼ˡ


09 Ҷ
ſڣױԴ״־ͷһ֧飬ʡң߻ƽ˫һ̬ȡߣױìԴ
ʱվڶϣŭض϶ôôçײʲô㲻ܸߴ磬ôţҹģ㷢˴֪ͬĸۡѴںεأţ
۾磬Т챻˺ˣֶ˵ɱ֮ô
صȻôɱңƴ񣬸ص˾ԽԽżҵ¶ˣɵãԼ״̨ҪԼңʲôˣ
˵ţ̲סҵؿ˼һͩȰϢŭҲТЩʧ̬¡ͩһ˵һʹɫ״߷ߵز˵ˡ
ͩ˸ףֶ壬ô˵
Ѵ绪Ļ˵һ飬ֵڿ˵ҶТŮȣϰֽң˵ҪɴϣѺӽã㿴ôɣ
︺ϣӵŮһҪŮģһӽ׾͵Ҷӵ룡
ͩȰ˵ϢŭһˣֻҪȷǴŮТżȻưոݡ
˵ţ֪ܽͬ׳ʿӵţѾ˸ǰ
һ˵ȥֹͩ׷ȥһתת˻£ô
ûصôŮ֣ӼСӾһ֡ѵТ컹ǱϴĲɣ
ͩЦҲ˼˵һҧӽ֣ȴһֱǴТ硣ǵףβί˾ӿżҡ
ǣ֪ͬǵĸţΪڼҺ͹ҵִ˾żѶв֮⣬ô֪ͬԵˣ򰢵Զһۣʵް
ӵɫţͩ˵ô죿
ͩ˵һƵƵͷ͵صҶǣôɣ

ҵԽԽӽϣ˫Ĵָţŷڸǰ绪࣬鲻ۼ˸ãȴõ΢ô˵ҶѾ̸ˣҪһҧТҶȣֹһᾡȫ㲻ܣˣҲļˣô
ӽײȻһЦһδ
֪ͬһۼ˸ã㼴Աӽȥ֪ͬӽ׸ո߳ͺ۾Ӹ˳һ֪ͬһȥ˵ʱ˴һ
˶ýǶĹ˵θѰûӷ˲סҲȻˤ˴һȴ൱һʱηֲ¡
˵¶ȥ˫ʿʱҲһţǰϻߣһСͷ˼״ʮֽţϴһһܾ͡ﬡؼƬ̹γһǽǽ֮̽һ˸˷ĳìѸεط
ʱϵֳë˷ܵصˣˣǿˡ
ѭִ񣬾ĿȻڸǰ֣˫Թţ
˷ܵضҶС̸ոյΣд󰸷Ӷ̣ϲ̣ϲ̣
ҶСֵص㡢㣡Ʒɣǰ̽һ£Ǻ˷˷ʱֲ˽⵽Ҫȹ֮ʵĿڹʵ
Ʒȥʱһϵǰìʿì𣬸ŤһŵĴҺż׳һͷӽɫºڶйѥôݰ׵ꡣ
ҡСȣʩʩȻһƬ⽣Ӱ֮У˿ڣ֫ȣȴƴһţӴⲻǴ֪ͬ𣿴ľſڶǵˣǺˣ
Ǽͨڿͤڴˣ֪ͬŤһţпնۼŤݣñҲˣҲˣڿͤһȵͳǷֿ
ϾмȥǿаѴ绪ֿģȻ˾ǼӲüݴڿͤڿͤСȣʵλˣιڸǰŹ
ŭָ绪ڴˣãŮҶҪŮݴΪֹ
֪ͬƨ㲻ҪѪˣɱӽףѴãҪֽ֪㻹
֪ͬ󿴿Ȼֽ֣еǱŮҲǵˣΪûаϹã
֪֣ͬҵŮôͷ¶Ϲ˵֮˾ţ˼㱣岻ʣҹҵĸֱۡ㳳һޣŷ˰ҩ˯¡Ҹ㣬ŮиôĲݡ
˺ˣλ˵䣬Ƿǹ֪˹ϣ
ڿͤͼĻ£õں˵ˣȻںĿװɱϾҲǵˣһҾʹżҺʹңҲϣ˰ܹõƽϡڴִ壬һ֪ͬ˹ϡˣŴˣ룡
˼ڿͤô˵໥ŭһۣظڿ߽ͤá
ڿͤõں˵ɽϷڿֻͤһ;ûˣİܣ֪ͬĸ֣˴˾˭ʤ˭ܣһԹߡ
ľ沢ãѩϼ˪¶ôܲ侮ʯԾòõڿͤһʹںϹҪٳɴԴϣ˲ܽһӵ
ȺУƷѼˣ˵ĶԻһ֪Ŵ֪ͬһ֪İᣬƷŪǵݺ֮ĶԹء
ҶСѾǣ棬Ʒɼϻأһ˵صʱһӣλ˾һͷˣⰸ˰
״ڹʱĶ¾סðҲǴûλ˾˼ҷһԭ棬һ˱
˾˾ƽݵ˼Ҿʹӣڹݵͷϣ˾һ׼Ѿڷ֮ϵˣ˾ͨգǮͳˣ˼Ҳô˾
һ˾ĶӴһ˾ĶӣڷսʱڻδǴŴƱӵĹӸʲôʱֵԶˣ淢£ǲܴ˾˫Ҫô̹ϣҪôһսѪծѪҪʲô״ʦĻᶪ۵ʲôô˾
ֳ͢Ĭϵļ岿ʽͳεȨ׼һץһƱǳ͢ɷԼģְô˫Լ󣬲ܶ˭ʤߣһŭض
ϴյҶСߣС̣˫Ѱⰸ񲢲ҪҪһ֣۶ôУ˫ķڷʱضǻ
ҶСͷף˰ҪѾ˫ɷԼˣִ߻кΪ
صӢȫϻظɣѧȥ˵һ˵żз纮ҪЪϢա
ҶСϵصչ²ܹ˽١˵ҸյͭʣˮҹӦ˼кҸʮµļٰա
ҶС˵귭֮󼪡ڸղţΪ˵״裬ۿҪţȴͱͷ̫ƨعˣԤϰ


10 ѧ
֪֪ͬǸִһǣ¡ڿͤһԣһƵģʱʱزһ仰ȻֻֻƬôȰ˵˫ҪһЩЧǻϽͣѸ޼ǵŴӼֱð麹
ͩûκְ˾˽븸׼ȻǿԵģֳȴ֣ܳҲ˲죬֪ҸС
ֵܣ֪ͬǹϵĸ㣬һһ־棬ȻǷ񹫵ϣһԹߡ
֪֪ͬˣӽֽºţ֪˻һ֪
磬ʱģΨҶТ졢ӽ׺ʹ绪ŮˣҪ࣬ɲŮã
ףӽҲͰˣǣӴ֪ͬ뿴ʲôߵģŮʮ꣬һµŮ޶ף鵨֮£ǰض¶ţִҪá
֪ͬСŮռѪȳ棬˾ţֽ˼㱣˹ʳʲôŮಡΪиôﵣ𣿡
֪ͬת֪֪ˣӽ־ڽ¡ԼҲ׿ڳˣִҪŮãĳֻĳһ򲻺ͣǹҴĳ鷳
ڿͤһת֪ˣʹִ֪ͬһʣֻ޲Ȱӽʵвĵط֤Ҳˡ
ڿͤں֪ͬ˭ʤߣֻʹӽ׮ӣֻҪӵһҹôУ޺
Ѿ˶ʾ֪ҲܲУԶһۣҡͷɫڼݴԲӣ֪ͬͱܣϴ˰Ȼ˭Ϲأ
ڿͤһ˽⣬ӸǸûûıǱֵ꣬Ȼֲ֪ôӡ
صƹҶСԺأͭʸ޽飬ɱϣ˰㷢Ҷƹա֪ͬܣֻϣС֪֮䲻۷ʲô£Ϊı۰ĸܾŽᣬĪҪ϶
ڿͤü΢΢һ壬ҶС죿Ǹץͭӣʣ˰Ƶ˭˭ùǣҪ˰ֻʲô˼
˰ҪƵҶСͷϣôУ֪ˡȷ֪ͬŮ޹أȻԴϲǡǡڼݲ뿴һĻ
֪ϣΣԴ£˰ӽףͿԴ˵֪Ψִ֪ͬ£ίԼܣиز˾Ǹϡ
֪˴֪ͬŮҡźĴ֪ͬͻ嵽ǰߣšļȷ棬Ӷ̶ȵرϵʵ񽻸ҶСȥ̿ɲҪˣ
ҶС۽ΣҶСģҲҶСеģڿͤ޷Ʋеˡǣò븮õǴŴ永õǰЭ참ĻӲųֵģ̫࣬Ʊ
ڿͤȨһʧԥû취֪ѾѴ¾
ʹ绪ͬд㡣ϼᣬһֻڲִ㱾ڲ񣬲ٳ¡
ֻã֪İܣҪŮйأܷŹ޹أҲݣҶļȻķ룬ӦòѡִҪԼϰ´֪ͬ˶ݴʽڣżҵںܲҲһ㲻ܲǣҲôΪѡ
ɴ֪ͬأҶСӴȻܱ࣬Ҫ׽ЩҴҶСӴжҶСӡ󣺴ǸΪͻ֮ˮɽ֮ҽȥͣõҲǽˮóƤֶΣɼνʷĴԲʵʵǰ֮ͽ
˰ȥ죬żҪֶֻѣѾˣֻҪҶСӽʵ˾֣żұ޻˵ҲǷҶСһ飬ҶС˾ͻԸ񣬲᲻׸ôѡҲ֪ͬһš
Ӽ˾飬˿ϷԸţٴҶƹ

ȥֻƬ̹ʹת˻ӵ֪ү˵ҶƹٳͭʣˮӦ˼ƣȾؼкڼңá
һ㶣ͻ׹İŭ˵˵ֲͭͷһôǰˮؾͭʮ֮ңôţȻˮ££
תڿͤڴˣͷһ⣬ƹһ˰ý
ڿܾͤתһ룬ֵͷӦֻЦʵˣҶСѲأ
ӵ۾ǾͰ
ҶСصۡǡʹһλϯλϯͭʸֻϧͭʷѧҲû̳üĵĵ»൱ġ
飬ҶСȻŵùϰݺңңǰݼʦһŮӣݣСķױ㶼ŮӣĿĺܡ
Ȼ˵ŮȻһѧҲܿƾеڣΪѾټˣԶǰʵڣҶСÑҲȻŮӡ
Сһ㼴ȥѧӦîϯ̽ɫŮȥˡҶС¹˳£ո£ؾ٣ҴҸϻˡ
ڸٵʱ򣬳ûһ´Ϻ֮ľףһҶС죬رϢҶСѧ˵һ飬˰ǷˣżұȻӦȥаһӽǶģұȻǺ޶̡ҺͷСֹ֪ȥˣܱܹһ٣
ҶСҡͷ̾ϢͭʸȻȺأ̫࣬Ҳ̫࣬ϸҲֻǰӱ˼Ĺϵµƹ٣ʵڲµйףѹ֡
δ˵꣬ܽүڴ˵ˡ
ҶСһڿͤǸŮʲô߲ƣ߲ҶСϽȥɣҵȥţмǣٲˣúأ
ҶС켱ϵңѥһӸϣϸ룬ǰѬ¯еһңĴ˴ĨϣϣһǣһϢ״
ҶСϣȻλװĺʱΪΪҶС˭ϽʱԼҲѧĪı


11 ħԼ
ڿͤأҶƹĲˣ
һǵصǰˣҼҶ̷糾͸ϵͭʣæ۹ȣˮƣ۵ǿӦ꣬һͻȻʵͻȻúܡ
ڿͤมһµص˵һڸǰҶƹˣͻȻȷͻȻĺܡ
ص˴ƻԣȴ治ɫɷнµصǰǰ̫ͻȻ¶ֽţ¸ոиιˣ˵ǷҩЪҲʮµĲָܻڴˣ롣
˸˵ŹѾҶСſڣڿͤСһԥ˽ȥ
ȿȿȿȡ
ڿͤһȥҶСͷһҵĿԣ͵Ϻһ㣬ŬӷһƬ졣һڿͤҶС촭Ϣŵڡڡȿȿȣڴˣ¹ٲ岻֧СС
˰ɣ
ڿͤ࣬˼űӣ߹ȥһóۺڣ齱߽ˣϸҶСɫȵصѽҶˣĲòᰡ
ҶСǰǰɽȿȿȡȥ
ڿͤеصҶˣ첻Ҫ˵ˣһϲվ͵һغ
ҶСϣЦڣȿȣ˵¹١ֻҪЪЪϢվͺá
ˣ
ڿͤϲģĵĺܣǾͺãǾͺã˳˵˲ǧꡯ治٣پͷˡ
ҶС챻̵÷˷۶ڿͤһҶСԱı飬һҶС۾״ͼڿͤһָ޳ָָһĨ
ҶСȻɴ۾ڿָͤǣֿҶСĲӣ̾˿ҶˣҲ̫Сˣ»ؼǵòҲҪĨҡ
ظϽ͵ڴˣλСҽ
ҶСҲӦԶԶԣҽҽβҲõģЩƫҾǡȿȿȿȡ
ڿͤĿһҶСѥϣҶС쿴Ŀ´ǣѰζ΢Ц￩һ£ղŴµĨң˫ǲѥϵģѥǱģڿͤľ
ҶСǼǵãڼկʱڸ˳ʱ顢ڿֲͤĦԭίɼ˼֮ܣʵǵ˷ָĵزѥ汻ȱ⣬˿ʲôȴδؿ
ҶС뵽ڿͤ͵ȥһƿҶСıӣͼҶСװϣֻ˫δѥڿͤվſ˼һͷҶС׵ĳЦЦ˳ȥ
ҶСʬƵֱͦͦǶǴˣ֪װȥˣֺαؼ
ڿͤ˫ֱȱһûһµôԼĺ󱳣šɽڡϰڷŵһŶҶС촩ѥӣ˳̹Ȼ˿ûоģ
ڿͤŲֱͷһޣ޳ܵ˵زҲһ˲ˡ
ҶС쿴ڿͤ˽յţΪ˴֮ǳ˾ˡĪ¹װ׮ӣ뱻ͷúܣҶĳʵ˰
ڿͤЦЦҿˣһһңԳĻرܣô
ҶСһҲһɰɣ¹ٳէְ΢ᣬżҲãҲգһӽҪ粽ˡ
ڿͤ˵ͷصĿԣҲסֻǣ֪ҲͬĿԣԲİӣ֪ȴʶʣƵͷϡ
ĳ֪ȣǲûֻҪûҲҪţҿװرǲɵġ
ҶСˣͬһڿϵأͬʱͷɥصͷڿͤһ룬ˮɽʱװɵ㶽ˮıĶȥˣͲ«ƻص֪ô
ҶСһ̲סڿͤһۣʲô˼òƣСŮͲ֪ͷʹء
ҶСɷڿͤѾһĪҪ֪˾õˣ߰գ
ҶСΣֻôߣڿͤ߳ͣסСһָɽڣֻʣĹޣɷأӲееˣñڿ

ҶСͷһۣһֱͲ֪ǼĹŶʲôѾ˭͸ˣֻ֪ⶫֵǮԾͺհذ˿ԭĹģҷš
ڿָָͤ뱾ǰİɣôᵽˣ㵱լʨأ
ǶȴҶСҴģֻͭصĶˣڼʲþ߻̫صĶһûԭլġ
ҶС챻һ䣬ʱԼʲôҲֻ԰ڵıȻȷǱҶСڨڨصǾǶλԵңԡ
ڿͤһһߵǾͰڵȥڰ׻λ԰լɷ
ҶСǽƤҲѵõغһ죬ǣ̡̣ܽܽȴ֪׻λָ
ҶС˵ͻػعζ˫صɵϴ󣬾صڴô֪뱾ǰģ
ڿͤЩŹֵؿΪⴱլӱ˭
ҶС조Σû뵽Լ߼µⴱլ˾Ȼڿ֮ͤ࣬һֵͷͻظͷΪͭͨСϲŮ˾ڿͤΪҪլӣ

뷴ڣ֪ͬڻʵ
ڻС˲ҷڣǣһũׯҶ
֪ͬɫһƬзɱڻļͷֻʶһ±ͦסˣĿӭŴ绪Ȼܡڴ˾ǰޱȱ΢СΪ޾Ҳ˵ֿ
ڻʾ֪ͬã֪ͬͻЦˣ÷ǳã㻹Ҫʲô
Ҫ˰ĴйӼңУͭʡȵصĵҲҪָɣ
֪ͬոȥɱʱƵַȵôĵӣŲţֻҪһСָҪȫҵ
ڻͦ˶Դ֪ͬţҶѾκβ㲻ӦҵҶͻ˵࣬ʱȫҪŮҲҪҼ˵һĲֵŮȴΨһã
֪ͬŭصڻûڻѾȥˣΣ޷ȫӵǾöӵΪļ廻档
׬ǮĲҵ䵽У׸ıϼˣʱǴ֪ͬҲκβ¼䣬ǿ˾֮ϵͷ˲࣬Ϊһ
˶ţѹֵϢã֪ͬĴعϵһãҴӦ㣡
ڻɣ׷ʵʱ
֪ͬо֮֮ǰ
һΪ
һΪ
һֻ˾֣һֻͷ˵֣ٵУɽ֮ء
žžžƣһΪӵһΪŮףһħԼ


12 ̫
ҶСԸرһҶС˷ܵӭĦȭƵصˣаˣаˣ״֪ͬŮӵ֪ͬ˵ɱͷ֮ӽףܸŮ˷ѾѺʰɣ
ҶСûؿһۣ⻹ǿֵĲ¶󡣿ҶСװܲȥ벻ǲˣֻӲͷƤͷãλȥʹ֪ͬҪʰ
䡫
žžž
ׯϵУˮõɽ죬겻ţŶ갡ˣʦүû˵ǴүǸרŷ˵ĴɨǣⲻһΣˣÿһ˶˷ܵĺܡ
ΨһһԴͷɥûɣ˷ܵľҶСԱҶСײ˵رһԭ桢棡
ԭ֪ܡϲͭʸ֪ͬٴ绪ϲ˾үҡڵãһҶС󣬾Ȼӭǲá
ҶСʵǹдֻĥô׮ӴԼƳȥе˼㱣һɣҶСŷӦæ˰λ˿
̫ʦһţָָмλָָӻ⣬߹ȥһ̫ʦΰᵽ˴У߹ȥ𵶵¡
֪ͬһ˺ʹ˸ɫҲ߹ȥһ̫ʦΰӲһţ֪ͬģ£˵漴κһվ
üͷһ壬ǰֹҶСɫʾһ£վסˡĿ󣬵ȷ񣬿ҶС򶨵ǰѴ˰ƳȥԽ裬ҶСѵҲԽ֡
ҶСһץľһģȵӷ
һ죬ӽ׼͵ر˴ӽ̧ͷһͼ֪ͬǰĸֻ¶ϰǹԵغѭ죬վڸһ״Ҳֻ¶ƹٴүƹٴүվëǺͻƷɣ˻ֻ¶ϰ
ӽ׿ͷ·𿴼ĳ˼ҵ϶һڻ񣬾ͲÿŻǰһˡ
ҶС췢ˣӽףɽϱ֮·һ׮Ϊ֮Т졣ָ֤Ϊ֣ξΣ㻹ʵ
ӽһȥ֪ͬͬãվڴһĸڻͷҲͷҲ޷ѡ£ֻΥĵشӦ֪ͬİŮΨһΪļ廻ĺô
Ѿȡĺô˾ǵϣ˾άֵǲ˳ƻ˾׼ڵֻԼұҲڲá
ǶΪ񣬳ΪӼ˴ϴ󲿷ֵĲҵ͵˴ϴ󲿷ֵʵʱٲɴӡʱգ˵ȡ֮һ졣Ҳֵˡ
ڻͷͷȥһᣬӿۿӽ׼״Ҫ״ѾؿҶƹ٣ԭ棬ԭ״Ǵ绪ɲָСΪ֣ôǲյ֮ӰΪΪǲеģƫ̻ĳˣߺߣǸǾԲУ
ҶС͵ᣬӽǷΪףҶĳҲǲ֪ԲҪס˵ΪŮɱ˵Ϊӽɱӽ׾ϣܵʸףźü˰
Դӽ֮˴ϲͷˣ֪ԼĶӽףǴѴŮѶʣʲô
Уף¹;ˡҶС챻ȡ÷¿ƢټͲֺõ¶밸׼ƨˡ
һװվڿͤ״̿Ц
ҶС췸¿Զ˦ˣҲɵۡʱĥͻȻӲðסҶСȥ·üصˣ߲ð֪˸ոסſڶ˵Ǵ˰꣬㲻˵뿪һء
ҶС˰Σݺݵ³֣ݣ
ҶС޿κεػص֮£ᣬʰбٵʷǶϰ֪˾ٸ档ڼ䣬᲻Ҫ¹٣¹ٲʤְֻ֪֮ˡ
ô˵ֻ㬵һտڲˡ
ҶСӽʵӽףϾʲôԱ
ӽֿ˸һۣҶСشˣĳںТȼλٻӵͬɽǱȵǶߣТ֮
Тˣɫģͼĳϱ״ֹ˭Т߳ŭ´֣ǴϲˣԵԽʧְТ䱦ɥ
һֱĬĴ֪ͬϵӽױТأǹʧɱˡӽ֮Գ֣ȫΪάСŮףﲻƹٴ˹ϣ
ҶһǷǣǣ֪裬ƶɳȲ֮£ƹٴˣ֮£ŮҲǵ֮һǷ֣Ϊ澭Ӧýѯʣ绪Ů˾˼ΪɣܲŮã顣
֪ͬصᣬĳʲôʲôԹΪҲһҪҶô
Ŵ֪ͬɱҶֲŮҲøƽϡɱҶ֣ҲżҵûôҸͿԵ
˵ڴϴǹལس߸ԴŵӱҲŵ׼֣ǺߣҶСԴһĻȴǲŲʣֻ˽
ҶСӽ׿ȫ״˵ѾԶ֮Ҳ޵Ůǵʱĵ֮һ죬ûɲ֤ʵ
С̣ӽףȻԴϲ´˰Ů귽ޢһδµС޶Т֮йأ¹֮ʳ֪࣬ͬضǨŭڶ̡
ҶСֵ̯дŮãȻҲϰݣҾôͿض˰ƱҪˡɲΪѣ
üͷκ֪Ҫö˰һʱѧҲ벻ѵİ취ȰѴ˰ţ³ֻҪŪ÷Ҳҵ©öˡ
ҶСЦΣӣ
صԭǡʡ󰸣ֻǿͷظ棿ѽʽ׶Σǡ״ɣҪ벹״ֽܵҪһʱ䣬񶼹ˣһڣϹȥˡ
󰸣͢ɷֳ鼰ص飬⻹Ҫʬм飬ṩĿһʽݣһݣ˾һݣ߼һݣҲ١
˲飬ǾǴ˷ˡ̻ҪȥֳҪڳĹٻӵܼʹһһѯôҲϼ졣
ҶС޵գ˴գ̧ͷһͼ֪ͬ˽ǵ֣˫ҲȭӣãѾˡȫС
ҶСץľžžŹȵྲྲл˵


13 ͻ
ҶС춼Ѿľˣ绪ע⡣ҶСλˣǼȻҪ󣬻λĹأĿޱãֻ֪ˣ
֪ͬὫ˫һƣֿӣ㬵ضһۣҶСһ˰󰸣ᵡпͷظǲеģ׼һ״ʳʵݸ١
ҶС˵գֵʰֻһ֮ǣ֪ͬŮȻǱҪ֤ҲýѯʲǡȻ֪ͬŮ˱ãҿ޼ա
Ҫ飬ҶСѼ󰸣ɣٱҪȥֳһʬҲҪм飬ȷֶҪʱ䣬ˡ
ҶСѾľһģȵҰӷӽѺشΣ򱾹ٵ״һ磬ٽǰɽ鰸ֳٵóĿټ٣ã
ҶС˵һ˦ﳤȥۼʹ˻վϣȴ֮󼪣۶֪ôźˡ
ҪøСùġǿү֪ͬڵӣùĵʵû鳡ؿ˴֪ͬһۣ˺ǻŸʲôȥҸ״ʦд״ӣ
վڹߣȵؿᣬд״ӣְ״ʦ̫ˣһʱ֮ɫתĻǲס
֪ͬ޺ȥıӰһЦҲٲ˳ȥڻûϵߡڻڱҲͷ˾һ۱һֻδֱӶŷԸ˰ӽ״ߡ
˾ֶǰ棬Ѻȫ͵ӽں档ξԶڸǡŸԺǽţ·ͻһˣȵӽף
ӽĿ͵ŽǰУ˻Ȼ̧ͷȥͼλһڵݺݵһľϣӽ׵ĲһһͷžĪ飬ꤵعڵء
˾䱻һĻŴˣû뵽ڸ֮ϾȻɱˣɱľȻǸ
һӽ׵ͷȻߣֻǺᵶ_ĿȵĳТ֮ҲɱֳТȫֳдⲣգ

ӣТȫվͱһߵһ߳ȥٶصˤڵϡ
һɱӽ׵Тȫ˾ҶСƫĥ׮ͷʹİӣһ£ȥᡣ
ʱδ뿪뿪ȥ˸úլֳɧһһӽףֱ
ἱϵһվϣȥһţ߳һغ«ָТȫȵ˶㲻ڲôܵˣΪɱӽף
ТȫݺݵĨһǵѪ߷ߵص˭żѽͭʵˣӽǸʲô̫游Ǵ˾ĳӣΪ̷ĺãΪСͷˣͷ˵λϣ˵ףǴһūȻҺҴ硭
Тȫ˵ţ£Լؿڣ߿صɱ˳ǷծǮӽ׶׿ڳҴ磬ƹپȻƫ̻մģҪʲôҪ֤Ҵȡ֮ôӽһղżұһգȥҲɱֳ˻ϣ
ͷͣ߶µص㡭ʣ˭ӽѾ˭㺦ľӽף
Тȫڲ˵Ͼ͸ˣ۴֪ӽѾƹȴĲ϶ǰΪΣƹٲΪżֹӾеֹ
㡭ﱻͿççײײĻ˶бָµָТȫͻ˫һһ˹ȥ
ҶС״󾪣ϽԸŭģȥˣ죡̧СΣȥ
֪±СصˣТȫɱӽף㿴
ҶС̾˿ɫصص˵ӽױȡ֮Тȫֱ޿ˡпԭδãǴ֪ԭί֪˶գ
ҶСٲߣ뿪ԺغؼмƵҶСǰ棬ҾһЦصϲ̣ϲ̣̺鸣죬ӽһ˰ٲΪˡ
ҶС조ԡһѵʲôȥͳµôҪ˿룬࣬ԭ汻ķڷ˭ӽ׾Ȼˣһˣν޶֤ʵź
ҶСһ˵ţվסЦ⣬һ֣¶˳
ҶС֪ʱ֪ڴá
Ӳϵһ廨ĲͽԵĲֺЩӿΪҺڼҷϣżֺΪصĴҷ˾𣬰ӳʳ
ܴ꣬ղѣǡʱ˼˵ĶТȫնɱӽסӴϲΪͷʹ⾹Ȼӭж⡣
θڴ󿪣ϷԸ¸һ͡ҶСӣĴ˵һ飬һţһͷӦҶС̽صֻ֪Ƿһ
ĨĨ죬ӽ׶ˣΣⰸȥѵ仨ӽ׿Ͱ˰ɣ϶Ҹ˵˽ԴϲĽ֣ʲôģ

ҹͷϼžһƬȫްķ߸ߵĵƸϣյҡţͣͷĴźˮӿֻͷһһƬͰéﻹŵƣһȺھڶĲ
֪ʱͻȻһȺװ彣ʿһڣͷһֱŵͷǰһҴϣãյȽȽ彣ʿǰһĶŵظں棬Ǵ֪ͬ
յͷǰŴ֪ͬϴ󴬣Ҵ󴬱Ȼ뿪ͷŽεƮԶ
һƣ֪߽ͬգʮˣŮ٣ȫýʵʵ鲼һ֪ͬʵʵڻ۾͹ƴ
֪ͬߵߣ̧һֻţѥײȵϣշƵշ˼շֱڻϢٲһ΢ЦһׯӣӲҪҵĵ̺ʹС֪֪ͨǸӻ˶Ǯֻһǧ
֪ͬڻ̧ţص
ڻءؽţͺ죬ƺ˵Щʲôϧ鲼ʲôҲ˵֪ͬתߣص̰³


14 ȭͷϴ
ҹڻһԶشͭʸʧˡԴˣҶС֪飬˿鷿˼
棬ʵ˵¹ѻ𡯣ͷһѻѧδܰﶫպãʵڲ
ҶСû̬ҡͷʱΥ˭룬롭
ҶСһ£˵Լе񼣺˰˵ȻΪѣǶ֪˵ѵҲΪô֮ͭһʵۣҲǹ˼أҪѴƵҵأ
طӣһᶼûǵˡ¼ΨҶ𣬾ӣҲĳ佫׹ݵȸƺԼš
˾ҲϴͷԼһУΥ˲д󲿷Ȩ־ͬСڲҲһǿ˾֮ҲһЩܹвĴڡ
ƽʱЩδ⣬ֻҪֻǿǸ˾ôЩݷкϵĿˡ
ҶСһ͸׹ּܹ£ǿǸ˾ͻһֱΣУһζض䣬ҲҶΪΪּܹȶԲ⻹⣬ٳܹĲ
ȻУԶǿߣƽ֮⣬ΪǲƽģԻ͹ҲѸﾺܹڴڵģضȶģǿȨܴһʱվҲҪع鱾ʡ
䡢Ӣ䣬һһͳԪһĮŵòԭ콾ӣǶܾʹռĮҲܰһ£в߱Ƚ͹±ѭɡ
˼˼ذ˸ʧȥǵͳߣ£ԭļܹѾôȶ֮ͭƲסЩС˾µͭʣҲͭʣݵ߸ܵ۹ô᲻֡ԡ᲻ᡰʼһͳһʷѭ
ҶСԽԽԶĿ⽥صΪƹٵͷһѻûպãʧ֪Ǹ֪֪ͬҲһֻ֪׷ڸȹµӣ֪Ҳûǰǿ
ͭΪͳεĵطںصྭͰ취ﶼвͨģ͢ѡɷѣͬѣ˭ȭͷӲ˭ϴ󣡡
ȻҶС죬ܹܽʶԿҶСҪģһƹ١ԭԼһʱʧڻʱ򣬶ѾվڸߵĲˡ
⵹Ǻ£زҶСҰĴ󣬾ûҰģҶСˣصʱϲҶСƺѾһʲôشһصҹˣȥ˯ɡ
뿪ҶСҲ뿪鷿ҮеסȥҮоǹƳ棬ⶫ̫ΣգҶСڿɽĵطһլԺ
ҶСֿǵһֻܵƳ棬ǡòңǡúȫװҪǱ壬治֪˺ˣҮУԺ˽ƣֹйƳߡ
ѾƳɹЯԺӵĹƳûģΪÿһֻƳɹĹƳһϹĹƳǲжδ뿪ˡ
ҮеԺԼĸӷʳӣˡʱҹɫҮеסȴŵơ
ҶСϵҮӵԺ䣬ĸһߴ˵ˣϽϻ̳Ͽֵعѥ⣬ҶСεص֮аŵЪŰɣҪҮ
һӻæǣʦӭ
ҶС˰ɣҹģЪŰɣȥ
˭Ҳ֪Үд˿ڷæʲôʲôЧõĹƳ棬ԾĵҲδкǰ±óȻȥǺΣյΪҶСƲ֣Դȴûʲôɻ䡣
ҶС˷䣬ְϣеƹ͸ҶСƹ磬ͼϷһյƣҮڶϣ°ͣһس˼лдʡ
ҶСһҮлͷһͷȵصߣҮиϽһƿƿ޹ƹƹҵĸǺãЩִٵصߣôˣôˣ
ҮǺ󲹵λ֮һԭλϾþӸλͬߴ򽻵Ҳ࣬ϤһҶС첻Щִ٣ҶС⸱ģѿʵôʲô㡭㲻͵Ǳ˵ɣ
ҮһǾ겻פŮʬɥصפչƵŮ˱ةװʢ˻زȥˡ¶֪ںδŪõϧʵǿϧ³ã޷ЧĹ
ҶС˿ο־¾ɡҮٽгɹһ졣
ҮпЦ߼ԣһŬ֪ҹˣѧϰôϡ
ҶСϽֹææҿ˵㣬Ҫ
ҶС£ҮеҲ°ɣ˵
ҶСĿڤ˼Ƭ̣̽뻳ȡһݵͼչһָϪˮɽʮɽ

ҶСҮдϥ̸˽һʱ뿪ʱѾ쵽ĸˣһʱҶС춼ǻԼϢôݣһΣͥԺĬƬ̣ȴתӵԺӡ
һլȫǸ˵ˣˣһӣʮסլΧԺǽߵġһ·ȥĵģֻɫˮţ˵Ҳ֪ذ
ҶСսסԺӣƿţ컧عսңСѾΣ˿ûвĵҶС΢΢һЦ˽Ųƿҡ
һյ͵ƣоѹüͣɢ΢Ĺâǰݲϰ˯ʱŵƣɽ˼ҿûôݳ޵ҶˣҲŵƹ⣬˯ЩҹҲڵƣǳ㡣
ҶСϿһۣʱֵʱڣ΢ů˴լԺִڶɽ£ɽˮԽϳַ»ҪһЩ˾Ӷûлϱɴ
ϲ繭ƣûзᣣ⻬ĴȺӨ۰׵ֱҲ¶⡣ҶСŵؿȥѣԵƿ˽ȥһƷߵű㴥һỬӡ
ݱˣ˯ۣŤͷҶС죬ְر۾ƵĹ˼ʲôƨﹰ˹˸˯˼˯ȥˡ
һeɴ޳е˿֯һ֣ᱡˬõҲһʮƷϡݻɽɽоδػӦǰֻҪиõѡʣʱһǰӺҰȤǲ˭ѡִªɽ
Ըıˣ顢ϰߣ˼붼Ըı䣬ıֺֹϰߣҪңңһ飬˼һת䡣
ű¿㣬ҶС׾͸ܵӵӯഺرסů룺Ѿ֪رıˣƽôЩ̵ͷôӦܲս֮ɡ


15 ˳ˮ
ҶС˯ůԣȻ˯̹ʱ֣Ȼ񣬼ʱǴҪǮƵء
һ˵ˮ̫裬Сʱͻһδһʱˮûм֡ҶСڡһɫ·
ҶСԱһѾûݵӰҶС𴲣ߵݣÿʳӳ߽һҶСЦ˯ҿ˯㣬̽㣬ȥ͹
ҶСʲôʱˣ
ݵѾʱأΪôֻǽձ꣬ˡ
ҶСһѾʱô⣬ոյΣҪˡ
ݰο㲻üģˮׯ԰ɽǰͺߣԺлˮƽؿ֪õĲֻСһ
ҶС쵽⿴˿裬µˮѾƴ˴ӣһСٲкԺлˮȻųǳҪû˽ŲӣҶС˿
ҶСص£ѾһϣҶСӣݵվͲýңңˣֻòͣЩҪ˵
һ߳緹ҶСնҮ˵Ĵֶ˵һ顣һϲüң˫յʱĨһ̺죺С磬ôҪҵĲǨϪȥ
ҶСǰǴɽǨһ£һǿ»ϰƽ˵ôˣһӸıϰߣҲ޷֤ǵƣԻǽסɽϣһЩǺõġ
ݰ׷ֻ۾ѾЦϲ̵ص˼Ѱ˼ͭʣկԶˣǰȥ̽ﲻأҪǨϪǾͺܽ˰ɣ
ҶСЦЦţǨϪǲԶˣҿɲΪ㷽ǵĲǨӴҪĿģΪ㹻־ͽҡ
ݵʱʵôѵС粻ô
ҶСֵڵûУδȻǰͣˮɽ֮ң뵱ؼֵĶ졣ЩͭʸĹԱ̸ڵĹϵ
һΣżҺʹҴ˾ҵĴϿ˫Ҳ⣬Ҫʲô⣬ֻƾʮǺѻȫȫģЩͽãǲס
һҶСȫص˵ͷҶСɲˣŷĹߣܶ˵ǶԹƽ˵˿ʧ
ҶСһֵϪ˱Ͼһľ롣ԣһǣٶЩ˵ͭʳǡ
ͷźãźãҪЩ˲Űȫ
ҶСҪͭʳа̫Ҳǲеģ˵²ûʲôΣգֻΪԷһһЩݲ˻ȥ˲ɡǽгϣ׾ɣ
ݵǵȻҲֵܽõģγ϶꣬ڲ仹ݡʱǻݼҹ̸ӣԼ̳һء
ҶС΢΢¶һ˿Ц⣬õúܣôð˴ϴǵ׾иѡһ˼ңᵽⶫɽ£ҸۡǰסһڱЩӪһǳס˵أҲ˾ùŹ֡ǳǵ׾죬ķӦûġ
ݲΪȻصСˣֻҪ˵ΪߣկʮἰİգûһҲԸΪ׳ǶĹء
ҶСЦǰ˴Ϳ๦ߣҫȸǵļˣ˲Ų˵ҪȻֻϴլһֻҪˣȴһ˰ǧˣҰٲ¡
룬չЦС˵ǣȫ

Ϊ裬ɣҶСİõزæųˣ԰緹һʱ䣬Ǵͣˣ뿪ۡǵͬǰá
һ·ȥǶƣרƱȽϸߵĵطߣͣͣʮֻ·һƬЩ˼ԺſɳԺҨˮһЩƤĺŴŵľ裬ڵذǽֵСӡ
ʱʱģҲһԶǽˮݹ¡һ±㵹Ʒɼ״üⳡһ£»вƶ˼ҵᣬ޼ҿɹˡ
ҶС쿴ѾĻˮ˵ͷ
֪ԭ˾ػȽϸߣ˾λҲڳеƽϸߵλãԵҶСϸǰʱˮѾƥжҲࡣ
ҶСϵˮѥصѥˮëǹŴѾ߹ѴڼͷĹѥݹҶСӣҪѥͼ֪±򼱼ææ˽
±һҶС죬ϲɫصƹүѾ˰֪үټ˾ǽء
ҶСһֻѥӣʵ֪˿˵Ǻ£
±ҡͷȴδ˵
ҶС㴩ѥӣ֪ȥһ֪ͬ˶ѵˣЩ˴סڳĻ򶼾ฮýϽڣסڶɽµҶСñ
ҶС쾪ȵǣλŮڿͤҲڣλ˵ӲŮ˾ƺڿࡣҶСԱ£ʵ֪ټʲôҪô
ص˵֪˵ı֪˱Թһ´һƬ벻㣬شټΪ׮°ɡ
ҶС˵ͷ迣ӵ뻧ơƲйϵҲƹйϸֻܴһ˫㹻ˡƬ֮һĻʦүģ˴߳ڹվһ֪үˡ
ڹԱ׷ͼŴ̵߳δ̨ױȥסǷ˶Ų̨ףתվ˳Ҿˣ
ӵͷ˫ַһ̾һ콵ΪΣްջعתֻǿ죡
ԡվҶСԱߵͣڶЦӲǱסһƺߡ
ҶС컹ͷһزμŴүֵĴһĻ˽λ֪÷ͷ㶣ʲôһһ׶ʫĪǽ֪Ҫʼ˵飿
ȴ֪ײѷڡǧĺʫ㻺̾һǵİӣ䣬Ҳٶˣò迣һ´Գ֣Ҳ忣һλΪأ
ҶСĵγ޵İٶ꣬ھȻãѾ˲ˣĺӵˣһһɣٶӵöʲôˡ
ڹԱĬ˵صĹԱԭͬЩٶǴССĲ죬϶Ըӯģɺӵ°Ǯ˭˭ҲԸǳͷ
ӿһֵ迣ӵķãȻɱũС磡
˾ũС統ǰһ׶ӵһ£迣ȫǺӵҪöۡ
дʵ죬ֵ֪ˣ֧˰Ϊ迣ķˡ⣬ӵɣܲȫͬʱգȻֵ·Уֲ㡣ĻÿһӶۣӣ˻ô󶯸ɸ꣬
һĿܹܵķΧ֮ڣ㿶صȻˣ˾
˾֪֣е֪ˣǳǽ̮ٶദ˾Աȫɡ⣬ǱҲڽ쵱УбˮҲڽеУʵŲȥ迣ˡ
һ־Ǹżҽģܵ顣ٷ֮ʮضżҵģǶˮ̵ȻҲӰ죬Ƶĸٳˡ
ӳһƣ׷׵ͷرܣ첻¶ŭɫڿͤףĿ΢΢һֻֻҶС⣬΢΢һЦڵ֪ˣ²ͽҶƹȥɣ


16 ƹ
ҶСһһʱûзӦƹٰںˮôֵңǸûˣһڿͤ飬Ͼ;ҶСǺܺʵѡˣҶƹ١
ҶС췴Ӧæˣ¹ӡ¡
ڿͤһ˫ڰ׷ĿбؿЦЦصҶƹٽôѵΪ֪˷ô

ҶС˵ȷʵæСŮĺܣһԼϳаһӦ״ô죿ĿǰΪֹֻһ״Ϊӽױɱδ״ֽ
֮£ҶСֻűˣͷǣô迣ӵ֮£뽻¹ɡ
תΪϲ޵ҶƹΪǿɣȻиеģ£ҷġ
ҶС
鶨£Ծʹ룬ػתլȥˣһλʦүǰЦҶСкҶƹ٣һסĴǸ˵ıң㶮ãǺǡ
λʦүߣִ֪ͬҶСһЦٸǰˮǲ㰡㶮ãǺǡ
֪ͬո߿߹ҶСҶƹţסڳϵİ㡭
ҶСϽͷҶãҶã
ӿɽҲкЦȥִҶСļȵص͵ܣ˼סͷҼסβҼסĶ֪ģԼֵҾͲʲôˣ㶮á
ҶСٶ
һ·ȥʶġʶģְױߵģְױ͵ģ׷ǰкҶС캬һһӦصǩѺʱǻͷתƻƵʵ̣֪ټкҪ°
ҶС뵽Լһƹȥκӣһʱ֮仹е̫ʵĸоЩãصմ꣬жദԳ֣֪˾ӵ˵æͽˡ
һüͷչյǲǷ֮£ܱûá˵δزǶλԱɹϵһǺǣ֪֪׼ٰ
ҶСüŬŵǲɣַÿˡ
ط۾룬ת˳ȥҶСû跽ľ飬˼ֱ֣һ߻ӻġ
ΪʦүҶСĹ֮һŰ칫ذһţ㿪ʼ߿žشһߴһ߻дʣعͭСĳǳأȫʱԼֶ꣬ʩÿù˵ĻԻʮһǧ˴Ρ
ҶСؿ֪λʦүִʲôʦү̴õ治߿žͦнУ״ȥ˷Ҳְġ
ؼֽмʯһӣӿİʯףİʯ׵Ļ˾ÿպԼΪ
صüͷʱһԼִʮ߿ˣҲ˵۵ԼߣٸֻԷĻЩÿÿҲֻһٿ£װ඼ðϡܳŹһͣοٸֻԷأأ𻵵άأЩǮš
ҶСҵüͷ˶һۣԼͬؿˡ
صôǮ
ҶСôð
ҡͷ̣ʱ䲻⣬ѵǳʱİź͵ȣһһȷֻ谲żСˣΪΪѴӲ
ҶСǣûǮô£ȥҸҪӣ
ҶСȥֻСʱػˣʵҪ˶ӣ
ҶСƵ죬֪Ҫëѵúܣݺ˵ȥǵ°ͼֽоо
ؿ̣ɸΪ֮
ҶСһ˼ǵһоҪײһӣһҪײӡִһǣǿ飬ܷͺúܰɣ˵ûף۸ǲŽб¡ٲпʹûвʹȫԸɣ
һ磬ҶСΪƹٵĵһʽˣЩ컹氵йĶһЩгɰ״ֻǼһҵ֮Ϊһزй޹ϣһӰøɾ䣬һɾİӡ
ӲУǿǰҲŵݹ״ӣλںƹĻ飬ʱǸصأ״ӵʯ󺣣ûлӦ
Ҫ֪ͭʸͺزͬĹٴ٣Ȼ͸Ҳд٣ٺٲ룬һƣǲ֮ܳ͢ġ
ƹʱȻÿⰸӰ첻ģ˭ȥᡣҶСȴͬͬͭʸΪ٣͢ĿɷǨⶼӰ죬ȻҪһЩ
ҶС棬ԭ浱öʣһӦ׼ֿ֤֤׼ҶСֱһү磬һȻ״ϣڹǾȲѡ
ҶС㻻ϳһ뿪˵Ҷү΢˽ȥˡ
ҶС촧شӹҪǷͼֽʱȡʱ޴һʱʱĻվǰˮĿǰָָһ˱¶һļЦҲ֪ʲô
һ磬ҶСټһԱʼˡҶС찴չṩȫˮͼרŸӰͼεĻʦһͼڹ֮ϡ
ҶСָͼֽȥҪᣬһۣƽ·ڿʼҲһһˣ̫ƽ·ڿʼ֪ȥӣʳĥдݸʾڴСһ֪үĶ¡
һһȥݱشƽ֡˽̫֡ƽͬʱǴ·ڿڣȫ˳ɹںӵ࣬һʱѬ졣
ĸʾҲ˳֪үʱ̻Ҳ֣ܹ迣һ£ȻһʱĲҲΪ˴٣̼Ҳ⡣
һ磬֪үλĻʦүһҶСЦҶƹǳ͢ί٣֪֪ҶƹǲҼҴ˷ˣ
ҶС쾪ȵصγԣٶԸһмӣ˿
ʦүЦôĳǰѺк˵һס֪˵ıңȴ̼־۾֮ؿʼⲻҼҴʲô
ҶСһ⻰Ӻ˵᱾ˣҹ
ҶСػǰݺݵʵٰһϤί֮㣬˵ǴĶʼģ
ãȻ˲ǷԸҪҪʼôѧͭʲƸ֮أӦǽҪˣԡ
ҶСŭİҲǸ˵Ҫȴ𣿡
ؼãȻǰѧǴʼİ
ҶСŭɶ˫ȭ߸߾ڿУ˵ָǣǣҲʦү˼ҲʦүôôأҲ̫ʡˣǵҰѻ˵͸𣿡
߲ѣΨΨŵŵҶСȵȥͣȴǿʼд
ػæӦȥҶСɫضʦү¹ʧ죬ʵڲʵ¹ٱ⣬ǰΪԼ䡣ʵʦүƼģＰȶµߡ
ʦүɫһˣĻΣҲҪģҿλʦүᣬ²֪⣬Ҳعڿˣĳתһǡ
ҶСظϽҾлˣձһþл͹⡣


17 ûѾҪ
ƽ·һţһǳϪԼˮˮݣ媲ҲõˮԴͬʱҲǱʱйҪˮ
˿̣ЩˮѾĵ̰ȥˣһЩˮѹ£ż¶һߴ̡ԭ峺ĺˮʮ۷ŶɿվںУھһ̯̯ࡣ
ƽϵһҩ꣬Ϊӣͷ߶ףƹ£߳Ͷ̵ѭףƹѭͷӵǴʲô̶Ȱ
ѭйҪӵݹ˵ԭɣɣ߳ߣ㿴ڶʲôˣ߶Ǵ޸ԭò
ףƹϲɫǸãֻǡ֪һκӵҪ೤ʱ䣬ҲˣѾӰҼҵ⣬Ҫǵ̫ӣףҪˡ
ѭףƹķģöõģûȴ·ڿʼΪľǾطӰս롣գգһˡ
ףƹ˵Ҫʱ⣬Ȼ̫ԸչҲ𣬱ЦǾͷտţԽ깤ԽáԽԽˣͷºȱɺã
ƽֵһ·һͬйãճǸˮйڡӵúϱ߸ʯ壬ʯָһͨĽֵ
ֵܶԵ֪ǽһʵİǴ˿̵ѾٿڰʯѾؼգӶǳأϸͨˮԴһȻѾ𲻵йá
ⰵһҿʱζѬ죬˴ڱǴҴҶ·ԶǾƹݲԭܺһһǧɣҪ˵ûп˵ţͻƶ룬ǳڱǵĳж޷ʡ
ƹһп죬æȥ֪λëĴ󺺾һ·εļ๤Ͻǰ߿ࣺëͷӿɲаôһӾͰֶ˸Ƕǵû
ëǰţһɣȵʲôʲôʲô֪үĶ䣬츣ǻգǶǻҸ֪үɣ
ƹĵؽ͵֪үҪӵȻмֻ֪ӵҪ೤ʱ䰡ǻҪأʵڵ鲻ѽ
ëǵʲôγʱӣһΣҴһһǧ󶼻õйǧԺ˶֪үĶ䣬Ҫ͵ϣ֪үʱ㵣ǰļɳԲġ
һһǧİƹ񰵽һҲϾһǮëЦ˵һСС˼ɾ⣬ëͷֵ࣬ȥԱ衣ҵȱֻϣëͷܾ·޺ãҵȸм
ƹһٶعζϷ׷ССɰȥëǴʲôʲôʲôϽǮջȥҪȻͰһ¸֮ٺ٣ëĴͼˡ
ʱһܹƿƹ񼷵ëߵ͵Ͷ˼䣬ë۸ߺСǣչඣ
£ƹһͼ¸ëǵλ˽Ͱ͵ʵëͷ绹أôչˣ
ëǰ۾һɣȵ֪үаȥǣıйôţ㲻𣿲֪ү˵ȥ
Щƹǿɥʵëͷˣô죿
ëǵ˵Σȥǣ
ëһĹϹٸĹӣһżſȵ۷ȥֻƽƹһѬ̯ӡ
ͬĳ棬Լͬš

ʱ֣Ժɸųף۽ƳȻԺһλˣŹʣԱ磬ϻÿͬӶԴ𼸾䣬㱻ȥ
ӸϽʯշһţһŤƨɽݣصصҵģոƼиԱ˽ңһ
һأͳﰲţԱòӣһʱЩԲֻҪɢƵģǶЪأôһ˵νص˼ҵʲô
ƨƨϺݺһƣǾҲǾôź۰Ͱ͵ûŸͺôûϢĶ
Խ˵ԽϻۼɷǶһģšĶװǲǣ˵ûУ
ȣ㣬ɿʱſ˻ʻڼ𣿡
ɿɷ䣬߹ȥţͼվһλͭǮƽӵߣе죬ϸһ룬ʱԾŴͣⲻ˽ϡͷꡱĶô
ͷǷΡΡΡΡΡΡᣬЩймǮҲǧҲϲͬ۸֮𡣡ͷꡱΪ˽ͷ꣬ĵȻǹ֮
˵Ҫ۱ֻ֮֮ͬ˽ϵġӻ̡ʤ֣ǡӻֻ̡亱֮࣬ν֮ӻͲǻȸϲιĵطˡ
ӳȥͷ꣬ЩĿɫͷᣬϧɬȥҲֻܹ񫣬ģҲ䵭ĺܡǴ˿̣λȴϻЦ
ƵĿ涫涫ǷһЦʵλӦþǻ˰ɣ˽ͷ֪򻨴˿ڼô
γ䣬ڰصڣԱ
ӰýݣʱѾݳϽǰ񣬻Ͼǹ٣Ȼ˵㲻һʧ룬̩Ȼÿ͵ϾӼªЩԱЦˣ
ӸɷԱ˱裬ȥԺվţס͵͵ƣͼƽղһԱʱЦʱ֣̬ȷǳǫƽʱ춼һһɷȴǶɽף̬ͷĸо
Ա뿪ӸϽʵҵģԱʲô£
صҲûôֻһ顣˵˳ְϻݸɵصԱ͵ģŰɡ˵Żصݣ¡
Ӽϻͼϻһ׵ͷΣµĶΡΡĲҡӵ̵߲߲
üЦպΣҪܻȥɷ˼ЩʲôʻһһԱˣ߻һСˣС
һ⻨ݻͣӱܵȥԱɷʲôæʲôⵢ鲻һĻû˵ɷŴӦ취Աǧлȥˡ
һݣְ˿ݸӣ۷ŹصϺõĺ˿񡣡
һƽ조ġϵɫһƳصǼƥˣСûʶЦæһ죬ʵڷˣЪЪȥ׼Űɡ
˵ţһüһǿϵɷ򣬺û˷
۾ڼ£һ˫ֺȻ˼ϣһͼӷ·¼һ˫գص๫ӷˣ˼Ҹ󡣡
˫ǿ򶨣ɵͷȴͬһͷХʵԸӣʦүû˵ҶˣȻǳĺġ


18 ؽ
һ磬֪ºĥͷֱĳһϣһʮʮ٣ܿϵ̻֪ˣҾҵĹƵķ׷׾£ߣӳǴһϵв㡣
ʱǡǡãĽдЩ̵ǱǵһЩȨ˼ҿģʱϵ̫ãЩ̵ĻǾͻҶƹʩѹˡ
Ǵʱ棬Щд󱳾̴໹ӦҪֻ֪ҪԼ⣬Щƹǲᶯ̨ģǽˣҲڶһܵӡ󣬽ֻҪ¾͵þ̸ˡ
Щ̨ѹҶƹٵģֻ߸ûʲǫ̂ˣֻڻͽЩԱˣǿЩԱϾڱЩͷˣոյεҶƹԼˣϸ׽һЩ
ЩƹŵٹȻǸ׽һЩǲԼͬظֶ̼ҶƹٺǱԹһǵͬ⣬Ȼŵ֪ƹү¹ѻҲȷʵ￪Ϊı׬ȡùġȻǱߡǶã
㱾ˣĽͷӶമҲˣǵס֪ıӶ֪࣬үҶƹٴǿʼ٣ͳ˰ӹ̡
żͭʸʵۣȻȨʯɶֻǸ˾еĸоͷӦЩСУżͭʸϵͳߡ
ͬһ£ҪôչԼ޿ɺǣǾú޵˭ȥ֪ĻأǣǶȥǣ̯ô죿
˽ϣְٰ̼֮ɫصɣұƹٴ˽ԣ˵ǵѴٴӵطһЩۣЩ;ͣĵطľȻָԭ״֮Ӱˡ
̼ϲ⣬ֻۣһӦȴˣλƹĿô
ͷ涫̼һڽȫ࣬ǲҲŪýϰ಻˾ÿһ춼ǲСʧСǮܽ»ֵõġ
˼һƾʲôæôѻҪġѶʣµľϸֱ̻ʶٵˣݺû˼һѾȵúܲͷôƹıͼ̼һ߹ȥЦԻ˵ǵİ취
޿޲ɵصǾôɣٻйҪæ׼׵˵
磬̼ǱڳһʿӣʿӵĿÿ˵ڿɳܵķΧ֮ڣ㼯ͺܿɹˣӽϣһڴӦһ㰲˾ֵָ࣬ԭò
֪µǱҲǴͬģλԱض飬˽״ϵڳԼһЩô̼Ƿǵ飬ǮҲġ

˵һԵ򸾷ǳġһ죬ǰ£ȻҪֲİѷϱ˱ˣֻӲšʵ̲ס˸éӣȴ˼ƨʲôҲûС
ǵ⣬ؼҺѽվ˵֪ȴŭܼӣӵģʡ⼸ƨƸöã
ЦУЦĵǶǼƨãڡˮȴǵʱ͹ʵһӳʵϵʱǷ㶼Ҫ󣬳Ҽҵķ͵Ҽҵéӷ㡣ں˿ҲһЦڵʱԣȴס
ϲƾһأϲһƫִȰг˵ȱˮԸĸôһ֡ǴһֱıֿӦȱŶԡ
ʱ򣬳ֻϴĶأŪغׯڣһ˲ׯڰʽÿճܱȱ˼ҪɡЩ˼һǮԵˣЩϲˣǮȴֻһãء
Ųܣڼ˷ָĵزܹһĶصǮһĶءѮʱ򣬾ӵʮĶأʱԼֲҪͶ̹ϲԼһ˳̲˺ϡ࣬ҲҪӦ͹иɷԣΪǸɻ
Ȼ˵͹ٻΪ͹һ㻳ģ͵󹤻ģׯڵֽţǺѿóģʱճɲã֪Թ컹ԹأҴ͹ĵҲ
ʮǸ׳СҲˣҲˣȴӵһٶĶأǴһĴ⡰ɽһˮһĵطǺܲ׵ġ
Сӱ˳ϲƣɽڼʱҪϰԵشһһʲôţ࣬ͳͽԼҵȻ˼ҵƨɺһ˭Ҳѷϱ˱ˣвӵġ
ϲѾˣͦε˶ѾҪȥŪˣÿ컹ǻϰԵصͷȥһߣѲֻҪׯڳô׳ޱ㣬żǮء
ճ԰緹ϲСֳţ쵽Լҵͷʱ򣬳ϲƺȻֵϲƼҵĵͷ϶һƬ࣬ںڵɫ²ڹ⡣
÷ʵϲƵʱ۷Ź⣬Ͻ߹ȥץһͣѾˣһ߬㻯ϸʮ㣡ϲƷ·𿴵֮ׯڷ˯һׯڱθһڡ
ϲƴĶŪϲƵĵʱèצƵģͷؼҵһڳݣϲƸϽкһеԼǰ
ϲһʣũһЦҡͷⰳɲá
ũһӵЦȴڲס۵׵һ˿ũʽĽƻϲϤˣû˵ʲôֻۣӻöƳγεĴǮ
ǮũϣϲƱһϢͭʳ٣ɶŽ˼ķֻտʼ٣۷Ǿͱȥǣ̰ͣӡ
үиƹ£үϢү뵽ȥģ˵ԼȵǿɾǼõķϰ
ϲƵϢͷߣҲȥˣſӣҸϣһǷϾͱϲƼҸ˹⡣ܿ죬·ڴֶ˼ӣϲƴļӺͳҲĶ顣
Щڵ̰ɹ˼죬ѳʰ״̬ѡվ·ڣҡСȣ⾰˹⣬ʱ۷ǻѵ·̺ãҲСĹ򡣡
ѭҡͷЦ״㵱ֶΣһ٣Ȱշģְ׬һӣѵԸ°٣
Цĳ붫̹ͬ⣬ĳɲҶ书
ѭˣ˵ˣһûȥˣ
صȥԣש߳
ѭȻש߳Ҫͭһլô


19 ˺
һƬ̣ʮ￥ڵͷС۶һߣƷһ߶ҶСܵԣ񲻵ͭʸשУΨһһשСǰ껹ͬУϧԣǻᾭӪȺŴˡ
ԣש߳ڻ£ǰտһټԺ䣬ԺһשߣԺĺһᣬݺɽ£ɽ±ڳһ޴Ļڣ񱻺ľҧһڡ
ҶСǣ߽ԣש߳µͣһƬȵ氫˳ǰмߣǣһͷţ̵תתȥں
שĹؼһѴɽĻˮ̤ΣֱѻȳɾԵĳʱשߺߡļѾǣţز̤š
ԣש߳ƹϹϾڿͤڿͤ˵ɽ۵ĳͨ󣬽ȥسʱƵԣשУµһݲҵ
ƹӭ˶ҽкǻ̿֡λŮ˾ҴҵµĲҵש߳治ʲôҪԴﶼձʱȥݸݼңȴ֪ҽΪ𽵹
ƹСڿͤŽľӪɳǳءиҪ֣ҪשߣǲģֻۿҪũæʱˣ͹ļǮһЩסˣǱȴѹǵļء
ڿͤõصѾӺܴʵˣôôҪѹ㣬ֻҡ
жƹд󶨡ڿͤҽǲ˵ģȥһɽݻ۵ĳˣλ˺еУͭʳڽԺŵשȫҳеؽվ͸öˣҪϣܵˡ
ƹ񰵰̾ҽƺҪõʵǮҵѽʽϽˣֵǳˣҲĲȡµˡţȻæӦ
ʱ˽ƹģλԳƸҶƹٵĴҪ㡣
ڿͤ˲һҶС죿ܵש߳ʲôˣڿͤ˼תһתԶƹȥӭұں棬⡣
ƹȥҶСӭã˷˲Сʵһطκβٶȴ֪ƹүչ٣Ϊ£
ҶСЦƹţһ˾ôǺǣˣҶĳǺ̸ˡƹģԣש߳ԼĲҵж
ƹһ£ש߳⣬л˵
ҶСһڲ裬Цеصմ꣬лԳ֣֪˾Ҫ迣ӵ츣򹤳̺ƴǣȫǣֹԳеΣԾͰʹίи˱١
λǸľƵĴ磬滹һСռ䣬һҲγ裬ڿͤǶǰ˵ҶСԼڿͤЩ̿
ҶСӵ鷳ľδЩ࣬ҪЩߣҪӶʱ̫񱾹ѾһЩӣһЩһЩ෢߷ɻд޷ãٱ룬βשأ
ƹ̽صƹү˼ǣԣשڳҤ͵שߣ
ҶСƵǣһΪһã
ƹЦˣҡͷƹүʵ̫롭ȿȣƹүȻשߣƳש߲дƷ̫࣬һ˵߳ɿãˣ˵е㻮
ҶСҡͷƹòԡ㲻ֻƳƷʱѾˣשȡѡճԵڳԺҪɹ顢ɸ´Ҫˮţ̤飬ʹΪ࣬ߡ
ôɽȡòɹ顢ɸòˮòЩҪǮ𣿿Ǻӵڳֱ࣬Ӿʡǰ򣬰ʡµĺֹǮдѵʱţ
ߣƳɵשߣأͭĵطͭʳо͵ƣʡȥ˴ӽҰеĻڣڼҪʡ
һĻڳҤɵĲдΣټҤ֧㻹д׬ͷƳĲдƷҲ˵һôûУٿԻЩǮʵӵס
ƹϸ룬ȻĶȫٿճ־ãĻҲһʱ䡣һóשҾ͵ۣȷд׬ġ
ƹˣһֵֵȥΨһĺ׼ǷͼҶСôһ˵ѽ
ƹı۾ţָϰԵᵯƺڲŪӣ˰Σ˫ۣҶСԽǿⷨӵУԸΪ˷ǣ
ҶСȻѹͭשУֻʣԣһ֦㣬ƹˣǱپͲ˵ˣ붡ƹȥʵؿ⣬Ѱҡ
ƹĸɾ䣬ҶСǿ˿¼ȶ̬ȣҶСˬظȥе·Ǹƹ˺ӡ󣬾ͭʸЩƺĲһ
ڿͤľ棬һʼҶС˵ǻһ˿ϷʵЦ⣬ţɫȴ
ͨԵҶСͷϣǴϷŪ֮⡣ҶС쵱ʱ̬ȣҲǲԸܵģȻѲˣܷԼĳɼȫԸȥɣܿɹˡ
ֻ֪˿Ķӣǧټ취ûܣûиȻƷһ̼ˣ棬Ϊá
Ȼ֮䣬˾֮⡣


20 ɽ
ƹĴ˽˳ǣԸϵǣϸµֳ̽һڳ෽ǷϺҪ󣬲ѯÿ迣Ҫ೤ʱԼҪ·Σϸһȷʵͼ
Ŀǰͭʸά޳ǽ֣۵ĳҪͭʳڽһۣص㶼ٵҪ·͵Ʋṩש߷ǳ㣬ܹʡĳѣʡµͬ׬µġ
ԣƹĹͬڳзҤשˡ֮ķһδЩ࣬ǳУֲǺ̲Ծ͵ضɵӸߵ̰ӡ
ԣשУڳ࣬שеֻҪԼӴשһʱò˶·߸ɵЩС˻ȥ䵱ϣҶСһ⡣
ͬʱҶСŻȥ֪߿֪࣬ʤţڸĿͬ⣬ٹ̷깤ǶһĹ֧ٲ
һټҶС̻ļӣԱ̵֤˳ˡ˹ҶСͲȥֳչˣ˱㽻ĥ
ͷŨüۡͷԵģʵҲǲ٣˭Ҫš˭ҪȢףǰôɣӿʩٶȣҪôɣһ⹤ͷҲζ
ٹһ򿪾棬˺·ӣ˾ֻܰռȶķ밴ͰؽоͺˣҪҶСġʱ䣬½½Ҳʼ˵˾֮ǰҶСǳɹлǴһӰ졣
ֻ֮˾׻ϰ˾ǲöϣԸţҶСĿǰİ̼֮ľþףǡǡְˮʮ㣬ԭ滹Ǳ棬Ҫ´һڻˡ
ı仯ҶСΪͭʸһڹԱУҶСĿеҲڽĹۡʱͭʸĹٶҶСͨЩų⣬˽عٳˣԶ
Щǽ֣ҶСº·ִ磬ܵ£ǿͷϺʹ֮׮ӣȻ׮Ӳݲ֮ҶСı֣Ƕľǲ֪ءƺͬţҶСȻĺȺ֮
£Ըòǵ˳չͨеİ취ҪѸλԱĸۡ£ᣬʣѾܳ
ҶСƫƫΪܣȻ쿪Ӳܴ˴Ŀ֧ĥӲݵش֪֮˿ڴͳһӣĺҵؿʼȫ١
ٵǮɳһΪɵ£˾˲һ֪ˡзִҺܸɵˣٻ˶С٣ҶСѾͨŬͭʸڹԱôһ
ҺܸɡԹұԴ޺С飬ҿҰɣǣרҵĴ֪ͬζ橸ˡ

ݺҮлصɽУҮоֱȥڳϣһֻСƵķɱ˼ңܾûмԼĵˣĺܡ
ſڵֻƹϵԼСˣݻؽתȦӣβͻҡҡȥģҲϲĺܡ
ƵĽһСһ﻽˳ǰװźƵһСȣȻһͷǣɿ㣬ϹŸǿˮСһˡ
߸ߵżһ˫Ĵ۾ؿݣݻϲسȥһѽЦƣǲСƣѽǼҵСƶôýס
Сƺ˷ܵˣŤѲŤͷﺰ˵кŮȻϲһ˾ñط꣬˺һӣݵŷһ׮촦
ݵ־ϲص̫ã㲻ôôѵѾˣ
ʡǰгϸ̽ʱװʱ֧˳صҶѾ⹫أ̫ãߵ޶Ů޶
ݰп࣬ת뵽׵ĲǨȥϪһͭʾͽˣȥϾԼҲ̫ΣͰ͵ذ˵˳
üͷǸףö˵ʲôݵȴŮĸŮ˵ĻݵϸϸһͰ汲һЩеĹоһһڸŮʱʱߺ
ݵЩΪ˵ĹһһڸŮֶ֪г˵̥С֪ôҪȻһӱ˼ѡĹŮ׸ߣġ
ͷɲٶСãˡ
Үлصĸڳϣ׷ҶãҲϯһҮдߵ
ҮаҶС콻ǸͼչָڳϿѸеĲǨ㵽˴ɽоס⣬ɰλϸƾٱҵһ׾죬ͭʳоס߸ۡңͽ̰ͣȫ
üΪҪ˰ţѵͭʣʲôͼ߲ô
Үеɺةͭʸƹˡͭ£ͬߵĹǳ͢⣬ͭʸΪѡûʵˣͭ˵ϻġ
⣬ǰЩʱͭʵ֪ǰȥͣˮɽĴ֮ķǣУ뼸ҶԹ¹ȹҺϪڼң˵ǲ߲Ҳδѡ
߽ŵصͭϾһʧôˣҵڴ˱޳Īߴְɽɡ
ҮпЦҲȰ߲Ϊ˵֮δǲɽġ
һλˣ𻨰׵üëЩһֱͼֹ׽Ӵһȥ𣿡
ڳϵʱĬЩǲܹȻڵģȻﶼô¡ֻĶ룬ȻλϣӾãһȥҲûô
еڳ϶ȥϹλϣҽ̱ǲϣ׼һӰ˽ڵġǽʱգɽսѲΪˡ
һЩӵܳɽɽƤëȡΰͲƥɽһУţԡһΰǧӵΪ߽ۡںشһʱ䣬ǳ˵ɽķͶҡˡ
ʵӣŷͽѵӦøǸõΪʲôҪƶҪԶԡλ϶£֪зɡ
Щɵͽܶ࣬ûΪ߽ױϵŹĴڣΪʲôҪǵͽᱻأԵӾãӦ߳ȥ
ǹڹƽ̸ǳˣڼǰƽڲ۲ݣһֱǳռϷ硣һζٶ⣬ڳȴʱر˳Ĭ
ãһλ׷İѮϻ˵ӾʮկĲɳһ䣬׽ӴƺҲǲԡҽ̵ӰڱףǱ㲻˱ܼɣҽ̵棬Լڣϵˡ
Ǹߵ״ӣλϵĻߺǺһЦضԶһ򲻺ã㿴ȴЩϼһҪԶ
еص߳Ҳͬɽ
ߵͣƱزܲŲʡֻɳһ䣬˲֣֮кβأλΪΣ
ڳϽͷӶһ׷׵ͷͬ⣬м״ðɣǾͣøһǨϪڣΪҪһλڸвʲô紵ݶҲԼʱ˽⡣
ߵͷǣ޵ǸϳɳأȻĻȥвˣЩϼһͷˣɽⷬˡ
ᵽλУǺҮһߪλ½ϣδѮڳǺһλڳϷ׷׵ͷǡǣô
ڵĲһפϣеĲ侳нȿԴԸԣһЩɽԣˮ׽㣬źܼªɽԹ桢һȫʡ
ȻԣĲҲԶԣԶɽ⣬еĵطϰٽĻƽͿˢǧűʯǶ񣬶Щͽƶϴ
סӣȫǾ͵ȡģԴľƳɣҪǨȥĵطҲɽ¾׵ĺܣҪߵĶǼһǨһ칦ͳﱸˡ
ǨΪ̷ߣɶ˵Ѿ㹻οڵɽвѲǰô˻׼ķز䣬ڿഫ֮£ԣһЩ˶һӵĵطд󲿷ֵ˶ǻϲص뿪ġ
ڼİ£ͭʸһڽµ͹½ܿҪʱҶСȴҨһưˮҲý͹


21 ʧ¹֮
һͤӣϱ봹ס˴֪ͬҶƹٳӡһһľ齣ѩ׵Ĵϣһ˫ţͤĻ㣬ŶƮƮɡ
֪ͬϴԺһ£Ҷƹٲϲ¥£ԲȾƣðĦ꣬Ǵ֪ͬĵطֶֻһҶСˡ
ټЩ
ҶСǶѾЩ˯ˣоᣬ㶣һ䡣¿㣬мĵСλүūҲϲգ˵ѪаԽʹԽõġ
ҶС조ֻǱ㰴ÿҪ˯ˡ
˵䣬ֱϣѾˡֱߴ֪ͬ΢Ц͵ǾˣС˯ƬҲ޷ĶŵӣʵˣҲǰĺһ档
ҶСûаС˯ϰߣ˯ǲ㣬粻˯
֪ͬˣ죬ˡ͵ʶҲһˣ͵ȴ˽⣬˵͵ܾͭʱˣ
ҶСһĵô˱ˣת𵱳ΪţĻͭʸӦƿҲˣԴ֪ͬȴǲ֪֪ͬĸǵͷߣ¸º֪
ҶС̹ϵصԴ֣СܿɲʵСǾϣԭֻһ䡣Уһ飬˲ӣշתݡ
ҶС˵ģԴ֪ͬ˵һ顣֪ͬǵõڿͤ⣬Ҫ£ҶСġڿͤԣשҶСΪ˴ķ񣬺֮⣬ҶСΪá
ıǼùģҪһΪãȻ˽ĸףŮ棬ͰѴ½˴֪֪ͬͬôӽҶС졣
ʱǷɣҲûнģȽ״̽ĻѾҶСһ˽⣬֪һҶСûǺǣԭˡӢ۲ʳҲֻúãҵĳһ㣬ȴδؼյĳɾ͡
֪ͬһֵֻ͵ڹ٣δί㡣
ҶСִԺ⣿
֪ͬ͵ܾǿɣᣬ͵Ʒ٣Ƿԭ๦õϹʶǰֻ̲ϧҹݵطҪְ٣˾ѳ֣͵߲ŸɣȴǨĻˡ
ҶСʱĬƺУЩɥ
֪ͬһۣȻֵҪ˵ûлᣬȴֲȻҪ֪˾Ҵǧ꣬״򲻶ϮλȻһԭ򣬿ﲻФҲѱͲڽɽ˾˼ңֶעط˲Ϊá
֪ͬ˵ڵĻ൱һҹɷݹ˾ˣϰ崴һݲҵӦôӣĶӶûⷽĲŸɣƸְҵҵĶչɷݡ
£֤Ȩ˲ǷɣƸ˲ǵܲûCEOȡ֮˾̵ǳ͢뷷Ϯ̳Ȩ˾Ƕٿصһά
ҶС̾˿ԣСȻҲסֻǡѰš
ҶС쾲˾֪ͬ˿ˮ֣СܲףΪ͢ίε٣ȴȨĵط٣ⲻˣĿôſŪ
ҪѼٻ˵棬͵߷棬ּ٣ҶССʱˣûƲһԼͺļҵĹϵ̶˵ȥδӣСҲãȻĺܡʵڵĹλͷӦҲǲˣҡվЩġ
֪ͬ΢΢һЦصòĥ͵ܴӾʦһߵʱգȻд˼ˣʱգû˻ʶôĵȴʱͺã
ãֺ˼Ѳ裬ŴۣʩʩȻشδߵ·ڣӭһһ绪ӭȥѽˣˣСĸȥ㸮Ѱ֪үϹȥ
֪ͬһ㶣֪Ǻμ£
ѹش˼䣬ҶСվһԣԼԼɽϪ˾ǽš֪˷ҡЩããȻģĹ˵ҶС촽ȴһһ˿Цɿӹ

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ڿͤһ֪ͬ˵£ʱһ㶡
Ǳɽö֮ѹ̫ã˴˼˽̫ˡ̶ԸߵȺǶһЩȺһҰĸоڿͤҲ⣬ԶϪ˾ǨºǼɵ
绪Ŀǰ粿Ȳκ˴кǴʮɽͻȻͳϪ˾֮ϣľʼɽկϪ˾ǿϢδ֪ʾδӦ
ڿͤк⣿
绪̯̯֣ʲô⣿ֻҺ飬ŸʵȥǸӴһ£ǾΪ㡣
ڿͤ˼Ϫ֮ϣǾˮɽѾܽˡ
绪ͷߣ
ڿͤٿȻͷһԵİϽкǱֹͣ¹ȵƣβĪҪ̵ְ
İӦһҴȥš֪ͬҲڿ֪ͤҵϢܾõȻȥˡ
ڿͤӦһ˽һ֧粿жˣΪγɽΣҪ
绪ӦһתҪߣһ£ˣݴ˽ҽӴҶС죬ڵ˽⣬û⣬־ҰҲеģӦÿΪݴá
ڿͤϵϪ˾Ǳͻľʹ¶ѯ׵Ӵ˽ϸЩźá
绪ͷȥһİ˼Ϫڼҵʹֻתڿͤ£֧粿ǨϪҪڴţ˵ӰǵĴơʹͨһ飬ǵĳﻮͣ£¹ش󣬳һ˿⣡
ҶС֪ͬ뿪Ҳͳַ֣Ի˸ԵĸۡҶСһŶʹչүݹҮүӻˣǻһλʲôүӣٺ٣ǵ̫֣Сûס
ҶСĿһŶڿ
ǣ
ҶСٲȥ˿ĿһͼһλҮ˵ҶСӴ࣬˴ϵǼģһ˾ǺҮͬʱλǸϡ
ҮģҶСæǰʱв̺󷽷ҶСʩߣвǨϪڳפڸòʾ
ҶС΢Цˣҵʾֻһվסţ


22 ڵ
Ϫ֮ɽԴϷԽɽ룬˼ݸˡ˼ǰ˼Ѿһ£ʱ˼ĸ֮أͳ˼ݸ˼Ͻֻеķ֮һˡ
ɽϣ׼ȷ˵ɽɽϣвڴľµļ԰˺ܸҶСϪɽӪկֱɽš
ǰܿˮɽˣˮɽǰڼҺˮɽչҡҶɳ̽ǵĶֻ¹ȹûжв˶ǵ̽ͷ̽ԲŲʣֻĽԼկӡ
Ҫ˵¹ȹԭҲ˼ݡ˼Ͻ֮£첻յزܵɽҰ񣬲ǽǨ㵽׽粢ط˾£һȽḶ́˴Լһ͡
һǵתͷǳ˵ʶͬͽһıģǵʽҲһıģû˾ͻأӦ̺ȻвХĻͷһأѹΧ䶼Щʧ롣
ֻԼرùһδƽһҲǱţôô˥绪죬ҲҲһʵѡȥвӴ绪ֻԸ£ǰ
֪ͬĸҲʵѡʹڲҲܲȥڿͤҰĲԤıԸ죬ؼʱҲӧ
ӿɲȥ˭֮ͺãϾȨ֪ͬȫȨ֧ͬͻȻʮɽǨҰ˲Ӵ̽ǵ⣬ԱӦԡ
ҶСȴеĺܡѾ죬СΪÿܽһ׮ӣ̫İûУ¾סþףȽɣĴڸУ˺ҶƹٵĴڣǡǡá
ҶСѿʱڳͬ硢͡۹⡣ҶСλ̫ߣǴоڣϻ̳ϿֵҶСͬ¹˼ͭʸɽ亣ζʳȴֻĸо
ҶСҲĲڣѭëǴͬкҮе棬λүһǳԺζͨħͷһδҲԵֵ񵽲ӵͷҵӣǻ硣
ͭʸȻңڣȴҲǣŸеĲǷѾţڷϪΪһҶСǣҶСֻǲţִҪ֮꣬ҶС˿ڣձɷظеĲ䣬ձڻϪǰһˡ
ѭëֺгΡճ棬ȻĿվЩˣ˵ȥ֮뿪ͭʳǣټʢȴָǳš
ҮгŽӣѭëתͷȻǰַǷķӭƮǵһ̳
£ѭëһһкҮ½ӣﲻȺǰߡ
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Ͼͬоò̷ᣬֻԹۣǶԹĲԴδμӹѾѭëټ˳Ϻ̬ͬһ㲻ԡ
취ṩһǧλͭʸΧеȫֱ־Ŵ̳ڶͽͽ룬ʢǰ̳ͷܶƣ̳ɽͭʷ޵ĳֵġ
ʱͭʸ֪һ֧粿Ǩ㵽Ϫ֪ЩͨյУҲζʲôǵİ̫ƽʲôӰ졣
˳ʽպᣬǳ⣬ӣǮ֮󼪣֮ٻطװŪˣκĿ֮£ֻܹԹɰڲ
ȫ񻯳ˣ֪ݵӦͭʵڿͤ㶼ǳŵ̵ˣҪĴһɳΪãͼĲһǰ棬иԶĹ滮Ǳôãʲô»ûأ
Ȼ⣬С˼ϣҲֻùԹʱ˶Ҫ磬ǰʮӿ硢ףһڶͽӱ׷׶ĤݣѹѹһƬ
ۼһ磬֮࣬б͸һЩĽѭ͵͵һۣҡͷԵ̾磬ͭʵ֪ѲҲûɣ
ëǵ˵֪ˣǻʵ۳ѲҲûô簡˵ˣʵ۳δضԸģֻǲҲ򡣴ҿĸԸ򳤷¹ģǻɣ
ѭ˵ǷҵĴ¸ɮţҲĤݣĽءܵĶŲŸỵ́طϵٸĴˣĺܣҪ֪һǵĸýڰ
ëǵˣ˵磬ҲǡɶҪǲǵиݹ
ѭԴҶСܱıԸҶСı֮󣬾ͱҶСΪ˾Եĸҵ֪ҶСݡëǵĻѭ조͡һƾʲô
ëǲصƾʲô˵ƾʲôⳤȻڵôҲŲֺţǿǡͲ˵ˣǰλϣҲǽǰ˵ǰڵŵǰ𣿾λϣҲȳ󼸷ְ
ѭ䣬ѹȴкҮӣġƽ̶ɽɽЩˣ˭֪ϼôṧ
кҮѭⷬϵʱЩڡ
ҶС;ùƽΪάԼͳΣͨɽԼɽࡢطǿֱѷˡɽͳûеõ̫ܣŷټֱ࣬Ǻ˺
Ҫζ͵߳ڽȥɽ亣ζʳҶС񶼽ܹˣۼ˵棬¹ǵֻҪһиıԼĶҶСڵһŽһţҪǮҡ
Ե£Ǳ̤ϸ̨ظͶģϴͥһ𣺽̻£̰徲ɱ𣬰հҵ˵ڡԵǻۣʶ
ݵģкҮȴĿȥ˵ͷˣȥһѾĵ¡


23 һ
ڶһ磬뿪ҶСĸۡ뿪ʱͭʵķѾϴӡ˵ķͬĵ״ӡӡֻǵһ
νʴҪڲ֪찲裬Ǿ³ˣҶСкֻ֣ҪķѾ˷϶ҶСа취϶˵ԽԽ
еĲҶСʹǨʱҶСķԸ䲦һӣʽҲдҶС츮ϣǴɽߢĽɰԭ
⴦ɽ֮У粿סܣΪ֪ĽɰȺܸߣټôĽɰԭֹֻ˲ɣҶСûмų֡
иϵͭʵĵ죬ȥ֪˽ֵġӻ̡ൽͭһҶСɰ࣬ɴæвũߡӡƥΡʳ
ڸеĲܹ֮ǰЩ̶ȵرǵҶСĿЩϷΪɽɽҰ˵ӡ
Ϊúܿ죬û뵽٣뿪һ󣬴ʹŸϵԼү·ϣԭ֮ôΪѼҲͭʡ
ǰ͸˵ͭʳǱȺش󣬸չȭţİᵽͭȥֻʼԳУҶСһҲ¶ģͭʡ
ڴŰǨͭʵ׼ȵطѾͭʵķֺŴΪϣʱҲԲִ١ֵͭٶȾˡ
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һӣԺٴӰᵽͭˣ
ٴͷ⺢ǨͭʣֻһֱûгСźãұ˽ڹͶͬסʡʱʱľ͵ýæ⣬ͭߡ
ЦһӦĴ󵱣ΪӪҪ֮Ǻأôľ˭뵽ջɳ²֣۴ͭʡ
ٴԹ㣬Ժһڱصõģ˭뵽թϲҲĵôҺαһǰءֻǣѺͭʼ˾ߣϣǻüһһ
վǳһмШӣߣѾˣһˣΪľ
ٴҲһӣ΢Цܾǰĵǣش߻߳Զʱ򣬶ʲԤ⼪סڵ࡭һҪʲģǺǡ
ٴԵǰ㲻٣ס׻е仯ʵ۾Ҫѯ࣬Ｚگ£漰һЩش߻߾£вʲĵ
Ȼԭˡ
ٴֻҪܱǿΣռһ졣ѰϢǻòһЩشϢȴһܹ֪ҪģҪϢô

ʱĹӣھ۽ڡ̲һɼľڳɵۣ۳߰ɣȴߣͷβͷ϶иΡεı־ʾáˮ֮ȵȡȻҲϡ˳̩񰲡ȼ黰
ϰһŷϰȥҶ֦Ƥ֦ɡ첼ֽǮһݣϹŰһëİ׹һֻ¯ǰˮơ
һֳ㣬ĬĬţԱߵʦһ֣̽ץŰ׹ץ˰ףһۣдʵؼʩѱϣӵն¼ͷѼһס
ǰ߼״Ѵһӣݵغȵʼ
װɳ̲ϢۿĹڶʱХźźͷСһ⣬̧۷ҲƵسˮۻƾŹǰʱϴ˴
ЦǺǵɳ̲ϵ㿴̨̨ϴӣϻϵź۾ɵĹǹսĵط
һ̨ϵˢˢվΪհ˾֮˵һٶСС˾һٶô
ү㿴̨ϰȨǿµע̹ȻλãߵһʱȻվס˽ŲֱһˣеķŮЦ绨á
һͷվסæһүӺã
үЦеؿã˵һ֧ɽϪ˾ڣ
öһۣȻò֪°үӴĶ˵ģ
үЦеص˵ǣС꣬ҪͷˣͭǸСӦŻ˰ɣľǸСһͷϵġ
գգۣɵʵǡɽ֪ʼõĻүӾãϸôأ
үЦеصżҵСӵСõĵӿɲСѵҲסˣοοͺɽϷ򿴣δǻ£˳Ȼͺã˳Ȼͺð
ʣүѾǰȥⷬߣϹ׵źΪ۶ͣԲ˾˵Щʲô
үǺεݣһһһһУ֮үҲһһһۣһãȻһһĻʣҲⰲүӻе⡣
˾ֹԽ£Ĵ֮ĩ˵УҲֻ˼Ҷϵû֮ģرգ˭Ҳû뵽̸ľͭҲֵһһ¡

֪ͬȥϪҶһˣʱһľֻʣҶСˣ˱죬ְλҲ൱ദǳǢ
һճ԰վƣһþȣú÷йһʵڶԲסսշʵӣ²̻ȥһչ֡ҶС첻ô˵˱;֡
ҶС쿴ʱ⻹磬ʱûҪ£Ųǣ鿴ٽȣȷʵɾɵ飬Ҫٶ꣬ճԼǿĸӵһһµؾΪķʱ䡣
ٹزԶһƬտϣѾԣȦһƬʱĳƹļڽשͣȫԱתƵ˳ڡ
ҶСŲ߽שУͼһ߾ǳӣСǣˮţڿ̤̤ȥһ㡣
ЩӵصڳשҲȫҪΪҪһЩĶһשߡߣֻΪճʮֻ࣬ԼӺСĽ͡
ҶСһôͯеĿĿİߵ̫üͷǰȥͼиĺڴ°שĹȻССϿ󣬰˵שʵҲ١
ƹЦݵһλ⸻ҪһլӣոһשߣһҶСˣƹĸϽǸһҶСӭ
ҶСüƹģôôˣ
ƹЦǰЩĸæƣ˿ܵޣȺܵש׽Բءͣҿ¿Ӱɴǰæˣÿ켸ĹǮȥǵĸĸ˵ĺܡ
ҶС챾ԶƹʹͯЩ붡ƹľɶҫϸЩӣһͷ棬Ҿ֪׬ãȷǺġ
ҶСһС֣ͯСͯǸǷǮĴ˶˶񾴣ϹɵܹҶСʵǮͬô
Сͯ˲ӣԺصͷţ˵ҳˣܸǮˣгϢ
ҶСЦЦʣǮʲôأ
СͯҪ飡ҵ˵ҪгϢ͵öʶ֣ڼ벻
ҶС뵽ʱҲ벻ϲ˽ӣװֵΣΪЩǽʶ֣Цȵľһᡣ
СܻȥשˣҶСЩСӺšӰ˼ƹټȻȲҵ¶ˣٶһ׮Ҳ޷ɴ಻ҵװɣ


24 
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ŵþһͷҪĺڼҺ͹ҵһֱûнÿһ죬Ӱ죺Сܴ֣ϴȴ޷ϴô
ʱ֣һɽȲӽɽҲܾɽ˽ӽİҰ˾ȻɽˣҳֵĵصǡǡˮɽɽӸǽͷö
ʱҶС˵нҪ̣ӻΪʲôҪϢȴû뵽ҶС쾹ȻҪԺᣬֻһۣиƨĽҪ
ҶСʵ¹Ҫ죬½ǨҸĺش޹ʾ轨һԺһᣬͭʸн̻ʾ֪˵֧֣¹ֻ¡
ҶСͭʸһѧ⾡˽ӡϹѧ߽Ϊٻӵܡ˽ӻƸϯ븮߽Ϊ˼ҡƶӵȻĽ̻ܽȴҲŶ롣
ԣ޹¹飬һֻƶ˼ӵܵԺԺƸķý޹ӼʿǾѧûһǮ̻Ƕʶ֣ȻȡùдҲı
УǿǵͭӴҵˮ½䣬аҵִҵ߶ռĳ࣬ҵռɲ㣬;䣬ҪЩȭΪѣЩӻ޶ȷҲö飬ΪԺ֮䡣
ŴŬ˰죬һ仰ǼȲǮҲģֻͷӵͷɣȻˣȥͺˣ豾ͬ⡣
ҶСˣᵽǿʱ죬ǿԺȴͬڿ˽ӣҪԺ߱ʡѧ׿ϣʸ񿪰죬ʾˣ¹ԽȨϱ
ӲͷصˣѾ׿ˣȥ£ȥǣ
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ҶСճͼ֪ͬһһţһȳһյ߹ҶСȻ˻ˣ࣬ôˣ
֪ͬһҶС죬㬵صҰˣҰˣֱǲҰţ
ҶСãȻСܺʱ˴ˣ
֪ͬҲ˵㣬˵Щ硣Ӵ֪ͬ˵䣬һ£۵ӴһҶСҼȥ֪ˣͷ˵
ҶСãˣȥ֪һΪ֪ͬ˽ӷ硣
Ŵ֪ͬһȳһյıӰҶСɺѣ֪˴˷ɴ֪ͬȥϪֻ̽вɽ⣬˫÷ͻǣ֪ͬô⸱ģĪǡˡΪ벻ͨ벻ͨ
ӸհҶСߣ֪ͬ˽һ֪ƿ˸𼦶֪ʩˣ¹ٻˡ
绪㡭ôģ
绪ЦһѾ
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֪ͬһǰŷ£֪
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и߾˫֣ʥׯϵأΰġܵĹͣڵĵطдѷΪϵͽָµ漪أͶ
˵ţһëһ绪֪ͬҿǿϱѵ·ЩҰ˴˷ḻϢ
֪ͬȰ峤ǲԵġָʾǣǲ˾ӵļأѵǻܵȥǷӣǲɽָʾһ鼪ء
֪ͬΪв֮䷢սѣֻǸòפطʲô֡
ЩԭǶ⣬ɽʽǳ򵥣Ҳޣһռ̫ĵûʲôôսԻǨرפء
Ϊԭפط֣Ҳڴ˾һʱ䣬һأԭפصָ̬ҲҪصԭפأǨͣ˭֪ǼĹʲôʱٽһͣЩ֪Ұ˻ϼҡ
֪ͬ˵꣬ϷָкԱǸëһֺܲм·ڿһ֪Ұˣ֪ͬǿúܲ峤ҵ˼
ƲƲΪˣּۻۣ
֪ͬĽ͵峤Ҫ֪طͭʸϪ˾һѵЩȻǲģһǨˣǾ򲻿ˡ
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֪ͬ˿͸ˣ漰·Ʋᡢ˰۵ȵ⡣Ϊ·أǳ񹤡̡֤ΪأǼػᡢȡڡ
֪ͬϲؽ˰죬ÿڸͣȿˮɤӣ峤˰ɣ
еͷȻˣǡʲôϵأ
֪ͬһˮۡ˳԰죬ǿֲ͵ؽ͵ΪսлĻ͵ǹٸͬ⣬ǲǨصġ
ãȻǴûл
֪ͬһϣ߳ŭǲһֱסɽô
УȻΰġܵĹָʾҪ뿪Ƕǳɽ˰
֪ܻͬصټǧˣҪҪȡҪҪסͻȻðǱڱ˵ĶҪˣ٣ػ٣Ǹô죿
йЦԭ㵣ĵ£õģõģΪָ·ǻҪԼĵԼ˫ȥ˿С˭Ը⣬ǾɣҪôɱǣҪôɱ⣬֮
֪ͬغ֪ǲͬǨ˵ģǱ뿪
һ¿ͱѣлԱǸˣԼڶҰȫȻŭˣǵ֪ʲô˲ѵΰġܵĹҪǴ治ð
֪ͬڿһǵУĭĶӣΪߵɽʱףֱڻû
֪֪ͬĻһʱ־ʵϵνعϡʼͣҪ˵һǧ˵Ĳ䣬ټӼʮҲõ£˿ڻȻǰ¡ɽظţɲľ٣û⣬Ҫˣ˭Ӧ
ͷ۵طס˶ͷյصûһϢҿô
֪ͬϢҲеģΪвͻȻ֣ϪڼҺ͹ѾϢġЪսˡ
һϲֵ֪ͬǸвҪŲߣڼҺ͹ҾҪǿսˣ


25 վס
ͭʺϪϵȻÿϢɽϢסͭʳǵİն²ûʲôرĸо
ɽѣֲǷдˣʲôþȵġ˵ֻǾò˴ˣǰ˵һأǸоһСûмԶܰᵽǸڴӡ
ʷʵ̫Զˣǧ˰ǰ£Ҳ˵Сʱ£İУûʲôңԶĸоеŵģֻżҺڼҡ
Ϫ˾Ǳżҵķ֧Ϫ˾پıõܣﻹڼҵķ֧ڼկڵ¹ȹҡеĲҪǨϪռľǵأѹľǵռ䡣
֪ͬǱ飬Ϫ˾ֱвϵ˫ӴǢ̡Ǣ̸ʮ죬Ϣϴͭʣ۵ëõ˸вմ𸴣
ͬ⣬ȻǳɽͰɽ˵ĹأͭʸϽͭʸĹΣûƵǵկΪǼǣƲᣬʽΪͭʸϽһ䡣
ΪҪĸոǨĲṩʳũߡӣǲԱϰοׯڣǻҪ¹ȹһֱֻۣ˾үɹ
ôܴӦϪ˾ĵ̷ֳ飬һżҵģˮɽһڼҵģ¹ȹռһС飬¹ȵҪػɽ
вҪǶɽկɽԣǴڼҡżҺ͹ҵķԵģűһô󣬶һ֣˾Ҫһ飬ϴӦҺڼҿϴӦô
ˣ羸߳Ʋһл룬Ψѡˡϭȫ˾Ǹϸͭ£Աϸ·˾ıַв
еĲ䱾סɽģٷȫ޼أںڻȻһԭǹٸûͳ쵽ɽȥһҲǶԸвȡж
˷ַԼֻҪѸƽϢ£Ͳ͢ע֣ص˾Ҳ᳸⡣㱻֪͢ҲԴƽϢطСɧңԷʩΪ
˵£ŵضҶСС磬֪Ҫټ·˾ַҵأô죬С磬㻹ǿ֧Ԯɡ
ҶСҡҡͷ׿еĹϵ̸ô꣬ҲһЩѰɣҪ˰æġ£㲻ҪܣңҲܹܣ
ҶСȥһţ㰲ο㲻̫ģ֪³µǸˣԾӮˣҲô
ҶСıӰ벻ͨҶСΪʲôҪ׾ѣã۾ˣСһʵͣСܾߵȨҲһ飬ǶǷϵһ顣
ҶС쵱ȻĵȥǷϣɽľʱԤϵôɣѪܶñ˹óԼĵ̣̫ʵ
ȻɽЩĵشӵɽֻܱ󣬼ɽԶԶں棬һǽһӰ㹩Ϸˣū۵ı³
һӴͨʡ̡ͨԶ滮͸Ȼһ̣˭ȷļ߻᳹ţϵҪؾ䣬϶ȥôТ˳ұ֤һ˳Ӹ׵ƾʲôôļߣ
ԵѸвϻɽϭȫ˾ʱҶС첢ûииָʾеɽʱҲָֻҪȥģôȥʲôɣվסţһŲܡ
вֻʮеһС֣Ҫ뵱ΪӣѪҲֻܳΪʦδɽ緱ԶɽļҪá·лʳܵ÷ɿĳӣҲиӵ˼ʹϵ
Щɽǵ峤졢ǣǽҪԵģǶӵȻӬҲһ·̹;ҪµıܡҪ򽻵ģԶɽʯľͻȺǸӵͬ࣬ҪӦҪѧϰɽлȥı졣
վסţ
ҶСʾʱҶС촫֣ôûиκָʾṩκν顣ʱһæڳｨԺᣬٱ
ʱ򣬴һһͷܾͻеʯɽ𡢺绽ЧطˣΪһӶ׸ıԼˡ
ıΧ֮ڵ£쿪ܿƵķΧ뷨ֻܱɼԾ˻طΪⲻʵʵ뷨ܺ
ҶСھһȻεġǺǸשӵһԻͯ䣬롭Ҳʲôһ˽һƽԺ顣
ҶСԺĹĵݵѧͱ˻ûлʹﳯܵ͢Ժ顣
ѧɹ̰ʹεģʹͽϴͬţҶСһûкӡμҶСһƹپȻ齨ԺѴһӣֻĸ֣ҵ
ְ̰ʹһʡæԻһλѧѧճʾ滹֪ͭǩѺѧ̫мһˣΪתһ¡
λѧоʮ⣬֤ͭʲܽԺԺ˲顢ѧʵ߾㱸ѧλͭʴ޴٣Ƹ˼λ壿оѧʵıµȵȡ
ҶСĳֻЩĿʶĺӳ˲ǸϹдͿˣҪʵռǾӢûָİѧšˡ״Ԫĵӡ
Ķȥ㿰ΪԺĴ飿ĶƸ㹻ĴѧΪһƷƹ٣ʿкǮҲɵ
ҶС⣬Ц̣ԺΪȷҲҡЩСԺҲһλѧʵȻֻЩʶֶ顢д㣬ҲԺΪˣǽ˽Ӿͺãֻһ˽Ӳʮʮѧӣǵ˽ҪĶ࣬ȻܳԺ֮ΪУôӾǡҲҪԺѧ׼
ҶС챻һԵѣҶС±ǿĿĺͽںֶ̺Σǰֻ԰ѧȫ޾벻һ㣬صѣҶСɴƲٸ׼ˡ
ҶСѡУַԱ㽨ѧУһһ䣬רЩǮ飬ÿջ켣ͷˣĺӣίͰɫ˳䵱ϯҶСҪ󲻸ߣûйҲԡ
ҶСЩٶͭʹ粢һֻ֪˶ֻԹ۵ؿЦǿλҶƹһǷ񾭣һǮû޴Ϲڡ
˾ߣ繷;˵ĵطȥн̻ܽôĽ֮أƾ˽λ
ʱͭʣȷʵ˾ߣ繷Ϊ֪ϭأ̳ơ˾֮żСС֣Ǹ·İϷһҲһأԸ˾׷׸ᣬͭʳȻ洦ɼˡ
һգرͭʺѡطУλڸѧ֮ѧ֮ԭһƬϡص˵ڸѧĵطѧУѧѬѧ֮硣
ҶСͼʶѧѧЩƾѧ˾үǺεģܻԼѧЩүôѬյʲôѧ֮磬ǵطľұǿյأУףӦ
ڽڣȴҶСĸۡܽˣΪ⴦طҲڶɽֻҶɽУɽ⴦طҶСûȥ쿴ֱӾͰ
ҶС쿴鵱ȻӦýЩİźáȴɲ˽һ㽲ǻʲô䡣ҶС˰壬ʽֳ㣬Уͬʱˡ
ҶС첢δ뵽һʱƾ٣ջʲôУᶯԺעڷŻţΪ·Ѿ׷׸ϵͭʳǣ֪˴Ҫʼˣ


26 ƹ
öϣ˾ǼüһãкһЩҶСģɽ˾ĺ鶫֪أ˾İӳ˾ƽͷ˾˾ʯҮ÷ļλ˾ҶСȻǵǵ֣Ҳӡ
ֻһҶС֮еһԱ֪ӵģһҶСѾ֪٣˾ˣӦɽͻ¼ġˣҶСûм䣬Ǻ֪һࡣ
Ҳ˾ٵλ׵һλһüۡ֬ӣаһСȣЦţҶСĿеСŮڴˡ
լ棬ͩ︸۷ϵ壬Ǹв䲻ǧˣȥ׺͸ˣа˰ʿͲˣϪ˾ڼҺ͹ҵıӦԣαش󶯸ɸ꣬ټȫ˾ء
̾˿Ķӵļͷӣ㻹̫СЩ㲻׵ġ
ͩյüѾʮˣ
Ц꣡
ӾٲҪߣһȻģվסŲ̯ӣҪϣ֪Ҳûʲôͭżҵģû׳꣬ɽҲˡ
żңѾһ˵һѹͭ˾ˡˮɽ֮ңδֲܵͣܣЩ˾Ǿе㲻żҷˡ
˾˼ңȣǲ١˵Ժԭʵ۵ģ˺ˣʲôصǼɣʱūŮ棬ɳӣģɹš
ʵۻ˼ˣȵưԡǰңӺˣţһǧǰǹ˾֮ôǣǰ˾ǰҵôҲǣʵ͵λҲš
ͩݵ˵ıż֮ͭĵλ
ҡҡͷδ̽ʲôֻǾе㲻ԾĶԾҲ˵֮δ󶯸ɸ꣬һ棬ͼı죬Ҫ֪żң֮ͭͭϽµ˾ǣżҺ
˵ӹһ˿İһ¶ӵļ򣬱˲˳ȥȵķ֣ٻӰոճֵƻٵһɶ

ϣ֪ͬв׵ӱ֮ģһãϣвܹ˻ɽϧǶԱȰ붼˶Է硣񣬱⣬òλ˾ΪΣ
ӱΪ仰˵գ˾ͻ׷۸ߺӦһ䣬ȴһѿĳĬ
ҶСҲͻľŪе㲻ڣŲһƨɣϴµӣ֨һһƬԵر̶ҶСһϽͣ²
һ˫۾΢΢ɴЩЩȣ˾ĲѾЩ죬û뵽̬ѾչԶƵĻҪصöĵز֮ͭ˻ȻûһӦ
ʦү״æԲʵԸвƾϪ˾żҡڼҡҵ͹ˡ֪֮Ҫȫ˾ֳΪ˱ʾͭʸһһģ
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鶫һԣҶСע⵽Ȼһ֪صĹٷҶС컹ǵһ֪ʱһɫ۷ͷҶ̵һ֪أĸկ˾
֪ʱ˾۷ֳ֪ˣʹ͢Ĺٷ
ҶСе˼ҡͷЩ˾үǵĶīˮ࣬ĻթȴѷɫûаһУøвȥӦԵԭ˼ǸõطҲնҪѧӦ
鶫һ˵м˾⼸λ˾˾÷˾ʯҮ˾ǵضǿɽģԺʹɽ˾ĺ鶫ͬĵģֻ˼ŭɽв䣬ٳɽȾҪꡣ
ñϢݵصǵĻἤŭɽв䣿ڸвѾɽѾϪ˾һֵɽƽԭӵռΪУǺݺݵشȥѵǾͲɽвѧ׷׳ɽ
˾İӳ֪˴Բӣɽвһ򲻴ӴŴ֪ͬҲ˵ˣв֮ҪɽΪǽӵ֪ͣ˵ĵǲֵܳġ
ӵô˾׳أ
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ֵ鶫鶫ЦΪӦԺΪԺΪ󰡡
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һУĵ׶һ̵ӡ󡣻֮ͭҡҡ׹̳Ǵһ𣬲ĺȻһ£һ
֪˺þòƽſ۾Щڿͤ͹˾˶ҪɨǰѩˣڸǨϪһ£λô˵
ڿͤڳڹԱΨһһŮˣҪ۹ٽߣԵȻҪȻشڿͤһֱСһͣ˼£ǳǳһЦΪ¹ȾءϽ£
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֪صɴ۾Щŵؿһῴ˵Ů޶˽ڿͤѲֻһԹɧ˵֪ٲóٴ룬ڼҾҪж
֪ΪΣڿͤҲüᶨվһߣôᡭһɲǼ䣬֪ͻȻˣԤûдȷͼѹżңȡλԾһǸ˾ǰ۸Сˣ
ڼͭʵżң뵽ģ͸뵽ġԤҲ̫ٶЩֱ˼ͼذ֣Ӧֽ֪űѣεĸоˡ
ҶСԹۣȻǰһĻǳϤˣںʱΨ첮ġֻһζְϷ˵ǣÿһζܾط
һĻʱѾӱȺ֮ĿĻƹǸ˱˻硣ڣ֪ɾǵʱġ硱ǡҶС족˭أ
ҶСĿѲ


27 ǧߵ
ҶСĿܿ䵽ڿͤϣΪҲƵ飬ֻΪڿͤЩܱʵĶͬģûжӿǣҶС컳ɵĿǸЦúĵŮϡ
ڿͤЦеؿ죬һаģӭ֪Ŀȴ÷·㺮Ҫô֣ѳ֣ͲͷڿֻҪһͻһƥײбĶǣе궼ʣ
Ŀһ־׺ڿͤƿͶעڹ˾ϡͭµĸ·˾ٳ֮У¹رһǴٶǰҲԪĩʱ򣬲߳ɽġ
ɽǨ㣬һٶʱ䣬ϪصӴ̡ͨղȶ¹ڣΪϪ˾ʽһӡǶЩ˶ͼǧ˾˼˵һĽʱ仹̫ˡ
ʱգͭʸ¹ȵĿģǰ˾ΨհʱҲֻй˾ˣοʱ
ΨһӻĴǣǡǡΪ¹̫֮ǰϪڼ֣ڿͤС˼ܴκһ˾Ҳһ˾
ԣ˾ͬԸгټжͻ̫ѿӦԸһ棬ǳ䵽˼ңޱѿ
˾ؿһۣؿһڿͤصҲǶڴʲô⣬ҲǸԽ¹ȵ˾ֻǹҸ𣡡
˾ĵ΢΢ǰ˸ӣҲǸлǸףֻҪҽ¹ȵأҾͻڵȥкûַ¹ȵء
˾ֱɨһۣЦΪʲôҪ¹ȵӣҵ϶ͷһָڿֶͤԸһַ¹ȵĲأѵЩ¹ܵļҾˣޣ
ӺڿͤͬʱȻ˾ڵĲռݵϪز࣬ҪػɽϡһٶǰɽǨĽŲֹ֮¹ȣΪܵ˵ʱšҵֵơ
˾վŵֱվŶ֪˱¹ȵ̬ȡв¹ȣϹһõǹв¹ల£ҲʱʱͰ¹ȹˣϪżҺڼҵģͲǹң
˾˵꣬˸ֱ񣬳ʹ˸ǣ
˾ﳤȥѻȸ
ڿͤ˾ȥıӰһۣתϣӯӯʮ·ֶ׿ĴϷݲˣӢսҲղ룬ֻ֪ܡǧߵأ
ӷϣΡΡվָָڿָָͤ˾һ仰û˵ڣ䡱һƤز˼£ӴѾصˤڵϡ
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ʦүֽţͬл˼æȥͼ죬ڿͤৡһ´Сȣȿ˵ǰĻҳӯվһ䣬ȥ
ڿͤһڳ˾Ƕ֮վʦүеԱ˲ɸľѵͭϽµ˾վݼһߣ
ʵڳ˾Уȫڿͤˣڿͤѡʱʵ̫ˣֻ漰ڼҺżң漰棬ûг
ߣǴһȽİأЩɵɽв䣬ҽɽвһܴܿһǳһȺ²ؼǰ£м˿վ֪ء
ͬʱڿͤ˾ȷԷԣܶ˾ȻӪһ֡һ浹աһĻЩԱУǻô룬˭ܲΪԼδ㣿
һ㣬ҶСڿͤ˾֮ʱˡơмңһ㵱Ȼ͸СŮһ־ȻҲ죬Щϡ
ڿͤߵſʱһֻżʱκһ٣Դ΢΢һᣬһ˫ĿƵҶСĿţƺ͸ӦҶСһֱע
Ůˣ˲ѽŮ֮Ϊһ֮ĿɲѪͳͳʮӰһ۶ҲĶ֣ҶС룬ڿͤıӰĿ̾
Сӣ׷ʲô˭ôڿͤ룺һֻҪҶһСָͻ뵽ҽµģҸͶϵģӦٲ

Դϴһʪ㲵ϣͩվǰн鼤ߵصѾˣúɣ
ҡҡͷصУ㡭Сһսֻʤܡܣ롭ɸؿɿˡ
ͩص
ӱ۾£
ͩΣֻú޺޵ض˶ţóͷվһŴչ磡
ǰЩӸոһӵ۾ƶ˶æԼֵݹȥôס
ص˾ǣѾżҡϻһս񡭡ż磬ҪҰѡǧټ׾ȫ㣬ȥءʤ飡
һæܾɣ磬ǧټ׾żȫľˣڼǸѾͷͼıżѾһգҰѾߣ˭֪ܸɳʲô
ЦЦҡܱҲϹǣ£ҲٿģڼǸѾͷҶ䣬Ϊϱߡ
ӳͷָָ΢Цϱ߻಻һﲻĴص£
ӱĿһ񣬲ż˵ûϴֻ취һ취żҵĶ̴ԴЮȣ֪֮͢λ
Ծص磬ǿǼϮְλ
ӵûɡϮĹ٣˴ҲȡϮϮĹ٣˴󹦻ӴϮһĹ٣ôȻҲ԰ϮĹٱһƷ硭Ӵ˸Ϊ֪żݡ
˼£һ仰Ҳ˵ӼԳ͢˵ôֻҪƹͭʵǸ˼ҵĽɽҵĳֻҪдֶѣ
ӵܱҾͷҲùֶΣҪ֪֪ҲʵͭʸȨˣͭʸ˾ǡ˵ʲôֻҪҶ䣬ͻЩҪĴ˾ṩɣ˵Ĵô
Ȼô˵ﻹǲģҡͷвֻһǧ˵Ĳ䣬֮ʿᳬһǧˡҴһǧټ׾ٴжЩ׳ʿϪ˾ıѾ屶ڵУӣ
˵꣬˽ӵ֣úЪҽݱ


28 ĥ
ӱڿͤġƹ֮٣Ѫӿʣְ˽ŵ̧լȥˡڿͤ˾ﳤȥšͭʰ֮λĴϷʽĻ
ĿǰżҵİλֽЩʱԣЩ˵ãǴҾ͹뻸ΪЩҾ͹ƽĹΪ
κһ˾λʱܻЩò⡣ÿ˶ûһ˾ͻǰκõö࣬Ȼʱǻӭ˾ܱܿǰλҪְٷ֮ʮĸȴٻȥ롣
ҶС쿴Ǵ󷿺ͶҶСֻǸƫ岻죬ֲۿ³ʴȵѡ˱۾ظˡ
ҶСһؼݣѽշ¸ο㿴˵õĵģڸ˾ԳڼҺ͹Ҳһһ䣬ֻżӦκβĸס
ѾҶС첻϶ȨΪ˽ΧΪһ񡱽˵һֿ飬ֻҪܹסĿ飬ͻǡ
ҶСĻϲ̵صͷִȥҶСӡһǣţС£һСĵ˼Ҹĵģ
ҶСЩֵؿһۣЩţСӾȻܿ͸ҵģܰɣƾǴ֦Ҷӣϸ˼ϻ۵ͷԣ

˵֪ҪַϢܽšĽŵǾ¼ӭսǾþɽضӵȻηˡֻزסɽկΥ߷Ըġվסţ
ΪܡվסšԴŬת뾡˰취ȣ˻ɽˣһֱܣԼܾش¼ʾ¡
󣬸ֶɽկ˼ӹ̣ɽկΧ˴ͻءЩǼȣֻԭЩϷԸҰ޵ģҪԸ˶ѡ
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²ֻʿҲЩˡŮͺɵģߢҰҰˡǿ׳սʿһɽկ֮⣬ȥҰˡ
ǵկӿܻᱻΧЩǱҪĴһжæˣзԼѾˣկǽϵ֪ҲҵҲʵڵȵʱȻĹ¡
ĹϪͭʣһǳУǶ¼꣬ɽеĲҲ⡣뵽̽ʱһƵģȥǰ취˭֪ʲôʱˣҿ̽Ӵѽ
뵽ѡ˼ɽȥǰҪɽ⽻ЩʲôʱίЩ˳ɽö֮ǵĺﶼ˵൱ˡ
֮󣬸һЩׯ̳һЩųšƤìԹɽˣЦݿǴ֪ͭûɱ˶ٱЩʲôʱᵽһ⡣
һؾ㵣ȻǷ׷״峤ɽ
Ȼ󣬴峤ǾٴеŴ׳Χ̽ӡǼƲ׷ĶӣЩ峤Ҳ̫ǣĻ£ְֻڲòΪܵҲͼþͺãձشȥˡ
֮󣬸ɳȥ̽½ɽɽկİǾȵط֣ǵʿ뿪ɽկʱģɻʱ˵ˣҲˣ˱˽лӣڡͷɢ˱˻ɣϻ͡
е̽ʱ䣬Ū飺˵ĴׯҲ֪ͭϽģĴ񲻵֪ϢǣǶץ
磬˴˵ϢԲɽʱһҵһɽеһʣ˾ͻ̹ʵذ֪ԼΪ˷еĴǡһ²һ¡ѧ뵱̽ӱѧαװѯʱ򣬲ֱֱȥùĨǡòѯʡ
ĺøӣҪһϢҪԽֱ׷١һҡݣһ紵ݶͻ֮ززĻƺҪࡣ
˵ǣеһγȻ˳ˣǴ˸Ҫ鱨֪ͭıѾɽ£ģ

żҵľټ׾еһǧˣִӱ׳еѡһǧ䣬ϼǧˣƺƵϪˡϪ˾żǱ߻һЩصطľӣǽϱһַС
˾ǲŵģǴ˾ټ飬˾ҪϸʲôǲŻΪѵ뿪Լأһ˾ͻϷأһ˾Ǵѡͭʸ
˽˽żҵʵͬʱҲ˽һЩǷǰ⺷սżҵսǶİĺܡ
һ磬ҶСһУὨ¶㴩Ϲ˸ã֪没Ϣݴְ֪ȨҲһֱ¹ΣҶСɲϣǸСŮĵһѻյԼͷϡ
ڿְ֪ͤȨֻ֪֪ԸⱧ͵ýȨԲҪֳϵʽһ絽֪ţֱԼļǩѺ칫
ǰڿͤӲãǩѺһֱţϾǼݣĹüţҲû˸ҵַû˸ͨеԺЩд⣬ÿջר˴ɨ˺ǽྻ
ڿͤͻȻĹǱ˲һȾǺԵáȻǳδְ֪ȨǸ˾ǲûڵġ
ʹͶڼҵˣŶӰͶڼңһЩְλߵܵڿͤԽӼǲҪڴʱʲôڼݾͺˡ
ڿ̫ͤʦϣһ⻬ӷ֣΢΢˱ļͷѾͦε˺ܾˡͣһĿĿ΢΢һûˣֻһСվſڣ泯⣬һֻ֧ϣס°͡
ҶС죬ҹͶ߲ûҶС죬ڿͤ˺˼ƣ˾ʲô˼̫ٶۣðջᣬǲͶҵ£Ӵ֪ͬϢĿǰûʲộҺȱֻŰˡ
ڿͤ΢΢üüۼ͸һаȵĪ̫ߣȻ֣
ڿͤ˼⣬һĹ벻ͨͲˣһʱ֪ʶʱ񣬽ұʶ࣬Ҹ߳ͭʸǡ
뵽ڿͤȻɤӣϵصҶƹ


29 
¶ʮգһͭʸƺûʲôһжһЩͭʸôһӵʷ˵ֻ±Ƚʡ
һ֪үûãȻ˵ǵλ֪ʱãرǣ˴áʵ۲糯Ҳĸ󳼸Ҵ糯ǣһˣͭʸˣڼݡ
ͨ˾ĵϣ£Ҳζź߾ϡͭʷ£Ҳζţͭʸİ֮õϣѾѹڴٶϵʵ
һ¾ǣͭʸ˵һβһпֻܳȻѿ˻ŸգȻӵ״ӣ
Ÿֻӵ״ӣԭ˿ڳܵĳǸֱǻ˾ĹԱЦѵĺΪС١˵ʵϴ˾˻Ǻܶܶ࣬ÿŸգٸյ״Ӷóġ
Ϊ״ʵ̫࣬״ֳƪۣǧ֣һëƤСҲǧȥǧ෢ŭ˻ί¸ĹԱò״ֽ֣ܳ
ͭʸǰյ״ӶǺܾ£ھȻһŸվյ״ӣʵڿԺڼݴְ֪ȨΪͭˡ
Ÿաǹٸ״ӵӣһ˵ֻɱ˺˲еش°ſʱŸ״һƽʱǲģֻڹ涨Ӿٸ棬һӳһʼÿΪһŸա
ǡŸաӵӡ״̫ʱ򣬹ԱȰ״ȿһ飬صԭ桢ʰҶСֻ׮ӣֱãȴӵһ״
һ׮١İӣһ̼״һ˰С߿ãֵϷӡ
չ涨١¸ϣҪʮٸҲܲ𱰹ȻҪĹ涨ǰӷ״õĺôʮȵĸǰֺҲҸ״ˣ
Ҫ֪Ԫ˳Ȼͳν׼ĴʼհԼϰգϲɵ¾ϰ״ˣùԱհ˵طٽ״;վѹӦʳ
ԣΪά𱰵ƶȲðƶġ١¸ϡҪʮ壬°Զﴫֱ˸״ҪĹأʵϻһ
ʮ岻δȴ򣬶м£˰ӣ֤⡰١˻ߡ¸ϡʵʮǲôģֻ֤۸棬Żóеܸ֮⣬׷ʮĴ
׮ӣҶСǡǡܸ棬˰СǸε˰٣·ǳ档̼ǷһƤһ͵©˰һ̫Ѳ˰һԸΪѡ
˰٣ס֣Ƥ̼ʵڵã뷴ҧһڣǷǡҶС쿴ɫţЩһһթڿ˵ࡣ
ףҶС˰ǼȥӣôʱѺ״ҲѸһ飬ֵڶ״ľٸ棬Ȼһ׮ش°ӣϵŸղŸ棬ֻǡɷڽա
ҶСֻһ룬İŭ˶٣
ص̺ιʷŭ
ҶС״˦߷ȻԼ⵱һȺޣ޲磡
ؿ״ӣҴһ飬׵˵оȷ񹲷ߡ
ҶСŭȼа֮ͽҾң⣡ã
ص˵״ֽϵһطѵ̿ɿ˴˵ݣ
ҶСͷȻˡЩݣȷʵоЩ֣ʹ˷ŹЩˣҪԸãڼݷС˽վڴòʦү֡
߹ȥ˵䣬صԣҶС̣ڼҪ룬붫Ϲȥ
ҶС΢΢һһָҶС쿴С˻ڵţͷԸǼ̴ʮ壬ϳáǷ˰˰˾׷ɲ㡣׮Ѻ£һʱ֮
˵գҲǻùģҶСһת档гŻС˸ϹҶС뿪һ·ͨдڵԺ䡣
ͨмݿٵĸְڼʷһԱλ߹ͨż֪ĵطһСֻ֪Ĺλŵϡ
ҶС߽ڼݵǩѺͷһҾ¹ټݴˣ
ڿͤЦҶƹٲض˵
лˣ
ҶС˼һŹñ£̧ͷڿͤͼڿͤһȤҶС̧ͷڿͤЦ𻰣ûӰɣ
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ҶСʱ·Ͼڲ²ڿͤҪʲôڿͤšƹְ֪֪Ȩĵһ죬ĪҵԼɣ
ҶС쾯Դǣζڿͤһ˵Ȼոոսֵ׮´󰸵ķ˵ݣвһ˵֮˾ǰء
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ӱΪѣҶС˵ʾԵʲôڿͤоܱüëɵؿҶС죬˰к촦Ҫʾ٣
ҶСһһصǸݵˣл֮Ȩ
ڿͤжʱһֲԤУڼӵܰɣЩҶԱӵһԼϣѵѵӵܾҵ湧ѵȴɳ񹲷ߵ
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δؾѾȥϪǸᣬͭϡݵˣְȨء˾˵ֱϵֵܡ岮ᡣȻţһֵ֪ܻ岮
ڿͤһȻͻȻҶСΪ֮˾˼Ȩģ൱˼ңµ񣬾ҲֻǷǮ£Ϲء
ڶȻΪԼҶС˼ԭҶСûͶϣǲͶ£ֻ̫ӣͶ̫ǹĨǵõżҵֶʾҡ
ȻĻôɣǰ췢˰ӣǡɽͱ׽ס˴ͽֻͰֻżңҶС첻ҴΡżʧƣıĴȣʹ¾ģԴΪͶ״ɡ
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ҶСһãȻ˵ฯ֮ῡңȻ䣬һѵõӣڼʲô˼գҲӦ°ôô˭ˣ


30 
ҶСɻؿڿͤݴʲô˼¹١̫ף
ڿͤüȻǴˣ˺ʹ˵Ӧõ㵽ֹ˵ֱ̫ףǾû˼ˡ
ҶСü¹ֻǾʹ˰ѯݴ˵ʵڲ׼ݴ˵ʲô
ڿͤ˵棬Ҳһѵһ飿ڿͤ΢΢һ죬ЩյصǾʹ촰˵ɣٺܿϣͶЧ١
ҶСôһ˵뵽ǸٵݣʱڿͤΪˣû˵ĴȣӦͶڿͤ¡
ҶС룬ίصͶЧݴˣ¹ܵõʲô
ڿֱͤȻҪʲô
ҶСͷǷʴĹɼ˫֮ȥʵݴʲô
ڿͤСһתȻɫ»󣡡
ҶС΢΢һʵ¹ƷΪƷ٣ɷ񣿡
ڿͤ΢΢һΪ˶Ը죬ˣеĻ֮е֮Թ٣֪Ʒ٣ͭʸйݵڿͤٽ׸ߣûһƷˣߵҲƷ
ƷֻһƷڿͤεͨУƷ٣Ǵ绪ε֪ͬεСȡ֮ô֪żѷ֪֮λҲð֮ͨλȥ
绪һܶΨʶ࣬ôпܵĻſԴ⣬ɼˣҲͰܵĹλŵˡ
ڿͤŵҲһλ˾İȻҪҶС죬˵ѾӦ˼ңܳҶСƷλԾ˲ܸ
ڿͤ룬üͷƲأЩٶԸ㡣ԱĹһϮĴͷݣڼҹֻҪڼҴһգҶұɰ˲ô
ҶС̾˿Щ¹ٶϡ¹ֻҪһƷλ
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ҶСһӨӨǼڿͤǰﲻæչǱ߻߿ԡչϼΪ׳Լʵ԰޸ңڿͤΪ֮ͭݡڹ֮ϣϳý˵Ļһ߿ܣ
뵽ҶС˷ܵصãôƷλҿԲҪءƲϮͷҲҪڼݵôӦһ¡
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ڿͤؿΪκβңһֻûϻΪСıеò궼ʣ
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참ҿǲ
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ҶСȻ壡ȻҲܴǣҲζҲϿһʷͿǵ
ڿͤŭɶصʲôƨ壿ô¿ƵģִԲ򣿡
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ҶС˵գڿͤ˹֣ﳤȥڿͤᣬֱıӰʧŶ˶ţ޺޵¿һͷ󵽼µĴ¿
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οﷸһǵһżңͲҶСһûܵܵģο˾˼Ȩǳ͢˾׼һ֡ҶСһأ𺦵ľͲżҵ棬˾ײ棬ʱƹٻ⵽˾ĵƣͭʸ֮أ
ͨһ㣬ڿֲͤתŭΪϲһͷ־Ĵ¿գǽײͷѪҲ֪ͷˣʱҶСһʵʹͶıӻ
ڿͤƺѾҶСǰһͣһʹϴˡӣڿͤʱմմϲ¶һ˿ȵЦ


31 ץ
ҶСصׯֱһӷӷŤׯԻһǮСһ˴ǰɽϴﵽͭʳ﷢ײ˵ʩһͽǴ桢֣һ۾˳
˻˵ʱһɢɳׯӱضö֮ׯ˼ұ㶼˱ŵĺϰߡǮСһׯʩĴͽץ
ôҲˣԥҪҪ˴ׯΣ޹ǡƤë˸ǳ˸⣺ãҶƹٸ״
ǰøһ˾ҶСмָһ䣬Իûʲô׼⣬һ˵ͰǴŤ˹˾
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ЩˣֻҶСҴΣҪѿҶСǩֻѺҲںֵǩֲӡҶСѺɫһԸ˰Ѻڰ෿
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ҶСһȥ·뿪ҶСһӲ漴áرҶСеֶŪĿɿڴһգͻػȻȻʵһӲ죬ǴԵżץẉ̂
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ҶС쵭һЦץǿڷ͵䣬ظߣüɫصȥżץˣһٿɺ䶯ȫˡ˰ɷǴԷ
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ҶСĽŲ͵ضסͷؿһۡĪصΪôң
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Ҳ΢Цңң̹
ҶСѻƷɺëǰ׳ͷʱԳǵôҶС컻һ˴ȥץˣȥǻ߽ȵλϸߵĹԱֻҲδظ¡
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Ϊ׷һȥȻơ¥ʹһڼұŶ顣
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ȵʱ֣ҶСѭ½صƹţһӷȫץҲׯ˻ǱܴݲСѾʳյĸĸ˶
ҶСЩˡ֤˻ӷʮҪΪҶС쵱û뿪Щ˶᷿ܿܣԼڴϣص÷겻͸
ҽӵ⳽ĺѸ״֪⳽Ÿץˣϸϵ⸸ϵʱǡÿֺøƵҲҪҶƹ٣ȴſڵĻƷһھܾ
İҶСٷϾ֪ŵһ֣򹷻ÿˣӲȥ֪ϲÿʱ̣֪˼Ҳеĺܡ
⣬šͭʵһ˵ݣںżҹϵе˼ң˵ⲻڼΪǣǲȥ֪ײĸ׺ŵ̵ĸס
꺮˱˴ǳ̾ѣ̯ôӵĶӣӲ̰


32 ʰ
ֱӷУ类ץһҵȻҲȵõϢ常û¶档˵ҶƹץֶϰºšȨϵ
ڼ˽˺ӴŵֻҪӴӵڼңɱְλԼҵ治ʧţкеĹϵʵԱżңֵܵڼҴѹΪѡ
ŴºϷԸ˭Ҳûȥʾֶֻ֪һӷ˵ļ岻ûжóһֻܾǡ
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صС⣬ǻΣ˾ҪΥҵǣΪҲֹð
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΢΢ЦЦοصͩ㳤ˡ

꺮ͩת֪޿κ֮£ֻȥһ磬Ǽ˱ϵһҲˣ費ҪΪֶͷҪ̬ȻҪеġ
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ð˾ǵȨһ޸ͱݣصȨ˵ǲ£λĺ죬ȻηȨҲﷸʵʩ
ҶС죬ô
ҶСͲһϸִߣԡԣֻѭԼĵ±׼ԿΨľʹûƷгʱˣʹ绪˾ϡࡢͿҲˣֻҪۡ
ÿУֵĶĵޣͲ̡ٵо˵³Ѿķŭ߳һһȵ˹ãһվ϶ʱྲ
һ˵Ǻеģһ˳ڸ߾λö֮ȻѬճǣһվˡһ񣬶һǿѹһˣΪΪΪʶ˶η塣
ҶСǵڶֻ֣ǰЩץУͷţǵļ崦ԷҲ˶飬Ϊ˿Ĵ
һԱܿ涼ߣ󱨰ˣЩȨ˼ҽд̣öһǿԽܵķ۸УѾһΪĺùˡ
ԣ꺮վڲҲƽúܣʼնûǹǵĶӻܵϳͣǸеѿֻǶӾȻϴùǴ档
ŵ̡⳽˱˴ãǺȻվڲĸˣؽ
ҳȥ
˯һҹİ෿𣬶ӾȻ˯ڵϣ
֪ߵغĹ٣һҪŹ
常ҪΪֶ
ž
ҶСصһľľߣҴ򣡡Ʒɺëǳһǰ̤һҲžһˮصһ٣ٱһţʱ
ǽĿͶᣬĸ׼״ŭҪ߳ҶС죬ȴ꺮һסҡҡͷ
ĸͷʱһżң꺮ĵλԶΪߣ꺮Ȼֹ棬ͷҲ˺˼ƣԹԵվסڶһǵĸûг棬ࡣ
ЩٶȨ˼ӵܣ˹ҲҶСҲǾֻɨһۣԸһ֤Ϳȫã
ֹƬ̣ǮСԻԼӴдļ֤˶ãһηη̬кȻЩԤУ̲סҶСݸɫСѵ̣Щ֤βԣСЩ
ҶСҲˣ⼸֤ʱǻŭ棬ʱȴһͷԣĿ˸Ѿ֪ٵݣֻͨգָ֤ǵı
ҶС찵Щ֤η壬׷׸ĿڣǿǸ鷳ҶС㼱˼˶Բߡ
ʱĸĸ໥ŲΡΡáֻǸʮŮĸĸѮֻΪܴ̫㲣ǣ·ϰʮߡ
󣬸űҵֵܣһŰ̧һλǹɫҰף˫Ŀգ۽δɵۡѾʳ죬δɫѿĺܡ
ҶСֻһ۲ɿǹΪıܴݲУʳˮδܽ˾ɼ֮ǰضɫˡ
ĸĸһñˣҶСǺɫصϷ򸾣ңֱŮģǰˣǿЩ
常һŵˣʱĿѣŭһЩ˵űָţŵȥ
ŵ߳ŭһ˦常˦ͷ常ϣѭһסкԩдүö䣡
常ˣתҶС죬һͷ򵹣үǣͽҵŮɥүΪֹδ˵꣬Ǻޡ
ҶСֶǮС˵ǰϣ˿ɾǵմңֱŮЩˣ


33 
ǮСӲͷƤǰһŵ̡⳽׺ݵĿЩձź󣬲֪Щ˵ݣжʱη֮⡣
ʱҶСһʣ֧Σ뵽Ȩ˼ұغվҳָϣ֧үҵȡҵȵȣȥңʩ˲ֻܡҵ׷ϲֻǴһ棬ǵòǵʵڲ޷ȷǲǡ
ŵ̵˱ٺٵЦ״⡣常ĸһŭɶǮСǻǲˣôô˵
ǮС߲ѵصͷ常ĸʹûҲûվָ֤ŵ̵ˡҶС״вһĵվǷˡ
еƹٴˣЩ֤ǲģҵȽȨ˼ӵܣƲŮȡʲôŮ˵òôɳأֻһˡͷҵȣǱ㲻׷Ρ
⳽ϸŹҶСɫסڣû֤пôϰţٸҹ룬ٱһ֮
常԰ꡱƣЦסڡҶСǮСٿЩϲЩˣ
һ̧ͷ㿴ŵ̵׺ݵĿ⣬̲ס˸սС񡭡Сǲˡ
ҶСã常ĸǰٸٱʶһ飬ˣǽңǿŮıͽô
常صү񿴵ǣǣشҼңҷ޴ΣǿҵŮˣͷģ
常ָŵҧгݵ˵ţĸҲָ⳽еʱĲӣүһ֪
⳽ʶס˲ӣתһ룬Цŷ֣УΪЩСָضΣǵӵı֣ᱻȡЦġҶСհͷǰ
ѭߵ⳽ߣ⳽ͦذͷЦѭϸ˿ȭˣɷ⳽ȷмδȬָۡ
⳽ص⼸ָۣǰĳӿڽǣӵģƹٴǲţӻһʱ֪
ҶСؿһۣת常ŮɻѣܺߣٻĿڹųɣ
常ͷߵŮߣģ̲סʵصŮƹүۼѾץסǼˡŮָǣƹүġ
Ѿʳգʵھʹ²ʡҪܴܴ裬ıܴݲУѾ־ʶԸѹǽ޷ܵһĻḡͷһֱʶģ״̬
ԼԼڶ˵ص˰ɣŮˣŮܻˡ
ĸһˮģ˫ۣŮЩѾټҴүץסˣҪָϲǵŮһѣһѽ
⼸仰һſ۾ʶѹԼȻ֮ϣ˶ؿվһԵŵ̵ˣʱһӣĸ׻ֵؽеҪǲҪ
ҶС㲻£ҿǷ⼸˻ڣб
ѭ򹫰һۣһλĹԱվǶ̬Ⱥض˵㴹үǼΪŮ
ҶС׷ʵ㿴ˣȷʵ󣡡
ҧгݵصŮῴЩǻɻңŮҲϵǣ
ָŵ̵ˣҼңҵĸĸҡǿв졣ŮҲΡŮǵãץ˹壬үΪŮ
ҶСһ֣ȵհͷŵ̴ȥˡ
ˣ
ŵĿϽü·ؼ裬ǰһͷصû£ǼµģΣܻµǣ
⳽ŵص֡
ŵ̰ڰ֣мصʲô˵ģǮ
ŵϸŮһۣаЦСүŮˣûˣʶ࣬ܲǮһʲôŮ˻ͦζ
ŵ̬֮̿Σڹ֮ϣ׿ڳԼǿȻ޼ɵ⳽룺䲻˾˼ҵӵܣŵ̲ıŵ̶ȻҲҵҲ˵һԲԡ
ʣһ˱ɣ˫ʣʱ¼ĲݵҶСҶС쿴˿ֵݸأȼѺǩְգ
ŹʲᣬűīߵŵߣŵЦſҶСһۣˢˢˢдԼ֣ӡպպӡͣԼĴָһӡݸЦ
ȵһһѺѱϣҶСѾľһģɱڵغȵɡǿߣʣǿլֱˣ񼫣ˡẉ̂⳽н̣Ѻȥ
ɺͨһ룬ɷĸҪ꣬ǿһȣÿһǰ꣬ǿ鷸Ҫͽֻ̡²ŻشһǿصĿ̣ūǿˣһҪ̡
ǵǿĴ͸ˣǿԪүӾһ֣ǿլּ鸾ˣһȣȻӸ
ŵҶСдһ̶һЦңĳ˾˼ӵܣ˭ɱң˭ɱң
ƷɺëĹô࣬ǰץסȵߣ˫ţ⳽˵ĸǷŭˣ׷׳ȵҶƹ٣ҲˣˣɱҶϷɲӦ
ҶС˫΢΢һУЦôǻҪǿã汾ʰɣ
æԲλˣֹ򲻿ɣ飬֪߱ǣ
һ˵һǼɫҶСֻװģⳡϷݵøЩֻߣ˳¿ԷȴҶСһô¿¿ֻҪ¿ԶˣǾǾͷţס
꺮غȵǹˣʲôƹ٣һҧ˵Ĺˡʲôã廹ϵˣҪ£Ψλ֪ڴ˵ͷ߰գ
˵գ꺮мصҶСһۣȻȥ˻࿴ҲȥҶСˣҪ֪ͼ͢ɻʵ۹̣һʱ
ڿͤһţͷԸ֪ͬע˰Դ绪Ҳƹһֻڡྲơ˿ҶСŵ̵绪˫ִʱ뿪ҴҸȥڿͤ㱨
ڿͤԣȻ̣֮̾࣬ƺﻹһЩζ
绪Цҿֻ˰ˣȴ͸ݴˣżݴ㷨ʩġͿŰɣ꺮ϾͻݴңԮģ
֪ͬδˣ꺮˾ŭش˽


34 ִ
꺮һڿͤɫѿصڼݣ˾˼ҴɷԷҴ˾ȨڼҲ˾ѵҪͷƻأԻ𣿡
ڿͤ꺮ҶСӲӣԹԵʰ̯ӣ˭֪Щ˲ȥѰҶС鷳϶󵷹ڵǴӺ˵
ǰڿͤͷһҾڼݣΪڣϻйԵҲѪҵˣͬڼ˵ѪȮӣ˴ĳԸɷڼݺαطҪֵô²̨أ
ڿͤŭǺ˵ôΪǱҶСǸҶӲԡβǵȥ˭֪Ҷ蹷ֻҪҧסˣɿڣĳʲô¡
꺮ֻдǣţֳڼݣ֪ɼݸҶСִҪҶϳ͢ҵ涼ÿݴ˳
Ÿ⸸ȶڿͤĿԶԣ˵ڿָͤҶС⵽Щ˵ѣòб񷴶ҪЩ˳ȥҶС˵ЩЦá
ڿͤƵصڿͤҵĳ⣬ĳ㲻ҳѵĳǲɣˣҾǳ˵һЩҲʵӦúܽһˣҪΪȨ֮ҾͿΪΪҪ䣬ҶҪ꣡
ڿͤ˵꣬һԵʦүİȥǿʯͷ
ߣؿ˼ΣȻضҶССˣԭҪڼһ飬ڼͭʵһˣ˶̵飬Զ̵ǰ̱ض棬Ƕ˼Զš
ҶС쿴һۣصòңȻʩº£ȫȻηɷо֮ǿҪݣȰӳεĻǽл·ô
⻰ЩζԾصôѵ̻ϳŵ̵˲ɣ
ҶС˵ؾ򲻿ɰ̣˾˼ңȨģ˾ɱˣּ˾ɥضǣ˾ϽµﻧգְΣϵūͣתáһţ
˾˼мȢ֮£֮񶼲һǻʵۣҲûԼɺ󣬲Ȣ׵ĵ˾˼ҾͿԶأʲô˾˾ˡ
ţҪǹݣԭ˾˼ҰɿýģҲǳ͢Ͽɵģ㶫͢Ҳ׼ֺαͽ͵Ķˣ
ҶСһһص͢׼ǳ͢¡ҲΪ͢׼ȨӰռࡣ
Ȱ̲Ų֮ˣô˲֪ͨءܰõʣЩȨ˼ҴضӣѾͶ̵ǿ磬ӣǼþͺðգ
ҶСȻҡͷִߣŴ£ȴҲǿԳͷ·ƽ֮ˡҼȻִߣͲͿ١ҵҲˣΪǰġ
ؼˣ֮ǰֻҶС´һ㣬ΪҶСǽڼһ飬˱ڼݵĴȣó˭Ȼϰŵ̵ˡ
ʱز𵱳Ψؽ뵽أʱҶС컹ֻһðļٵʷ͸ҺһĺΨةԼľĵطΪС
ҶСǰĵͻţһͷ¿ӡ뵽ҶСִ˽Ŀܺ磬ĵع澢ѣҶС
ʱʦүϵãҶСƹٴˣڼҪ飡ʱҶСհ˷ѺȥҪϸŮһ׻ش壬һ⻰ԸҺһߣȥμڼݡ
ڿͤ˰꺮ҴСŶ֪ͬеȺҶС쵽ˣڿͤˣ¿ۣ̾˿ͭʸȻĺù٣ʵҹĿ࿴
ҶСݴټ¹٣
ڿͤҡͷ˸־Ҳǿ󡣺οˣһ治ˡ
ҶСЦЦôڼᡢеиҪΪ˵ˣ
ڿͤüһŭ˵ͣҶƹپҶԱ˲Ϊ˭
ҶСһҾԭݴټΪ˽׮ӡ¹˼ݴˣˡˡ
ڿͤһ죬ʱҭ˵
һĴ֪ͬϽתҶˣʵݴټȷΪ˽׮ӣȴΪŵ̵˵ͣʵǳڶĹذ֮šҶˣŵ̵ȷʵ˴񹲷ߣҶҪǵӦɷͬ涨˾˼ҶɱȨ޹ɱˣҲӷͬ˵вͨġ
ҶСص֪ͬضԣĺ⣬ҶĳѾˡҶĳҲ֪Ѵ˰ϳܿ͢Ҳֻһּϳ⡢ԷĽǲҶĳң˰ҶĳϣҶĳ֮£֮ˣ
ڿͤص֪Σɲ֪ͨԼȨ󣬴Ӵ޷ͭʣк棿޴͸
ҶСɨһۣ¹ٻǵãռݴ˻Ҷĳ޳ֽƻأôվͱ޴͸
ڿͤһصĳˡ
绪ЦҶƹ٣Ĵ壬ۼŵ̵˱УʹޣҲ֮顣ֻʹһʱΣֻΪ⹫ʱЩ֮ô
ʹ˰֣ȫλ˵棬ţǶóЩҲǿϵġ룬ŮѾʩѵʱ⵹ڿ֮У
ѻҲѼ޸˼ңϸĸֻһŮ£ι˽ɵһ˴ӴҲʳˡ
룬Ǹأִȴͽ޹ĺãοһ£Ҷ˾ڴ㣬ʱָж㱾Ϊֹİգʹʧһ죿ҶˣôܺŮһ˿ô𣬻ǡֻΪĿ
ڿͤǿƴѹҶСܹΪ绪վܺϵȰ˵ȴҶСġǰΣ˰ѾЩѾ޿أұϳ͢ҲֻȨ棬ʵۻṴУ˾ҪΪһСԩҪ
Сķ֣ʵۻѡ֪Լļʲôأ֪ͬԣҵõĲŸðɡҪ֪ƾšȼȨƣٹؽҲԲͷ
ҶС첻ҡ


35 Ů
֪ͬҶСͷ˼ƺ⶯ϲæֳȴصҶˣѾܴѣ˴ҵõĲʹˣк洦ء
ҶС˿ڷ磬ص֪ͬҲеҶĳͨڣֻǴһʹ˵Ը߽ҶĳȻǿˣ
֪ͬϲˣˣҲİš
ҶС̾˿վڿͤ˹֣ˣ¹ٸˣڿͤҶСҲΪ裬ֶ֣Դ֪ͬͷת˳ȥ
֪ͬıӰЦҡҡͷţһͷǣŲߡŵ˵¿ӣҺôԲĽ취ȥǡ
ڿͤһüͷ˵һ᲻᲻Ͻ⳥ţ
֪ͬһճţЩСΨΨŵŵȻؾ˼ұȻĵͣпܻܾ
ʱڿͤһ˵а˾ŷְգǲҰѻ˵̫֪ͬ룬Ǽݴϳɳأȥţ׼ȷϢ֪ͨ˲١
˵֪꣬ͬڿ֣ͤ㼱ҶС׷ȥ
ҶСһصؾӭ̣ڼô˵ǶԴ˰ʲô
ҶСڰ֣常ĸӭȥѾʳգŷָ֤ŵ̼ˣգ־һɣʱ־ƣվĸŰ¡
ҶС߹ȥһùۣŰԶŰϣѷѵģظоԶ׵˲ĵ۾һǡӭһ˫γĿ⣬ͬؿ
мػҶˣ
˵ţҪҶСæֹˣŰɡ
಻ҶСһ£кδ㣿
ȻһЦĵصūһŮӡܴܴ裬λܺչūѴ־ֻ۵޿
˵ʣĸŮ̲סҲ£Ů˵־ȴδȰ˵ŮԾͷ
缫ΪţŮִƳͬͶ֮Ůϱ֮ޡѧģΪ̲ԭĹݣͬŮ˼ҽ̳ŮΪ丸ĸȻΪӦȰֹ
лڵĺ죬ŮʱΪ˱͵һڱ㲪ȻŭŮ׶ŮҲܼŮΪŮװһ귽Ů£ɴ˿ɼʱ
ҶСѴ־ҡҡͷˣ²ĴһŮӣԴͽԱΪ𡣡
ഹˣŮʵײ٣ԸⰹϡŮһգŮ߳ܣҵ߳ܡ˲ȰˣŮ־Ѿ֮ǰΪŮֹİ
˵ţҪҶСйݴҶСæֹһ˼⣬ѹһ֮徻ƲʹʧŮĵιҶĳﵹһ취֪Σ
˫ɻؿҶС졣ҶСȻץŵ̵ˣϧȴ˾ҵӵܡ͢и˾ʱȨԽһ
ԣȻ̣ĵ˳ֻ͢ҲǲṴġʱӣܹҵĴ۷ԡ
ǰλ㲵ĹǰҲ̹ȻȻŵҶСȴúԵԥһ£Źǹ㸸ĸԸ⳷ߣٿΪȫȡĺô
Ȩʵɽ³һʿɹ۵𡣵ʱһǮԶ磬Ѱһȥûһ֪ϵ£һǮҲܰҵһ֪ĺ⣬ŮǺã
ɴ۾ҶС죬˿ηǼҵȨƣЭô
ҶСﲻҪᣡŵ̵˹ȻɱκιƫݵҲޣ˼ȥβǣվҪң⣬ǼͬԸѴﵽǰΪҶô
ūҲҪ۾͵վǮܰ˵ڿôūǵǮϢˣūҳʲôˣ
ҶС֮վȰ㲻ҪţǼ⣬Ӧøġ
ຬһ˼ҵŮӣǻףһѵóһǮӦøģūƽգݽ棬ūҵȴҲǹ˼ҵŮһ߹
ǣҲʵۻˡǣⲻūɣƹүǸù٣ϧﲻңʵ۶ܣ䣬ū󲻵ֻֻԩ
˵һһͷײԱߵҶС󺧣һȴûס顱һ죬صײϣʱѪȪӿһȥ
Ů
ĸһ˹ȥסŮһԼ״ŵ޴룬æе죡ˣȥУţ
ϵæΧְ˽ŵطƽŮҲġһæ½ǣһƬȥΪˣǲƬͷϣƬ̹Ѫ˳ʱһƬһ״æҲѧ˺һزƬΪˡ
˻ҵæ˰죬ۼɫ԰ֽһ̽̽ıϢŵؽƹүˣˣѾˡ
ҶСһֱվԱߣ顣Ȼ־̬ȣȻҲ޳ŮȫڣܵĺܣʹԼܣһ̣ԸԼǹ٣һ䷸
ΣˣҪִҪЩˣʲôʲô٣˵ҶСӾһ£ųص˫߹ȥ
ҶС쵥ϥߣס֡Ѿûһ˿¶ȣرСͼĿԲǷŭ벻ʣ԰ֽһƬѪĿģ촽˾ǿһߣҶСһ
ʱһԵ常ȻЦúãúðװ׵˼ңҵĹŮҲ԰ĺùŮ常һ˵һЦЦЦţǵ䡭
ҶСغս֣ͳص㰲ȥɣʵۿϿǣɿϷŹǣҲģԾľģҾΪŵ
ҶС˵ţòḧ۾˫ŭ벻ʵ۾ϣջʱѱѪȾ죬ҶС쿴ĵѪ߬һѪɫ


36 Ч
йٵ·ҪΪСϢиϵΧȺڵУһǵҲΧȺڵУǸ֮ˣڷһУ֪Ĳ
ŵ̵ó׮ǿլֱŮĴȷϵΪϢǰʱǰѹѹһƬȺྲˣѹֵ÷·𱩷꼴٣һֻƺҲֳܵյӰ죬ٿͷɣŵһһƯĻӰ֮С
ţҶС̡оϢ˳ǰڻšš档ȻǲҶƹͽ̣ͽᱻ˷Ī
ۼڸһǡ˰޹أܹĴ˰һЩȨ˼ҿ˷ĪӣеЩ⣺ʲôأѵҶƹ̣ܴǣ
ǲףȻͽɷǵȨܹһٴʱ˿̣Ǳд̣ǷˣôһǰҲУ
һ̣ЩƽյЩȨ˼ҵǻ˵ȺŵģǶǵһֳϣǰδеģЩС񻶺ȸԾĸԭ
ҶС챻ڿͤߣǰİ˷ܵš˵ţĵظÿһ·ˣԽԽİռֱۣ׼½ɢȥһµϢ˳ƹٴڼݴ˵ѹ׼ȨЭҹ־ײ
ǰʱһƬţһֱشһǵȨӵϲɫǴ˵ЦţñĵЩɥİգһӣǼˣҲкͬȵȨֱǳ룡

֪ͬҴҸϵʱȻֻһݽƶũŮʬ壬Ȼ˾һҲûվ˵һȰ˵常ĸߵĻ
֪ͬĬȻΣĻתͨڿͤɫʵɰˣ
֪ͬҡҡͷһƨϣɬҸŮϽ⳥ҹ־ͷԽѣһغ
ڿͤʱȻʧ֮£СȡડһڹϣҹǸŮӣ
֪ͬȻ״ѾܵͣˣŭѷʹְɣҶСҪǽ̣ɵȥоݵǣҪģֵʰĵز
ڿͤ̾˿ȻضԴ֪ͬЩȥ˵Ǽ֪ɡ

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ؿҶСĿµɫĵػһ䡣ҶСս˫ȭɿؿһۣǹݵһ״ңȰӣճӦо
ؿճȻǸн̵ģȨ˼ҡѧǵã䣬һ׮ƵİӣҾͷӽ£ʳǸ
زǹݵһ״²ֻǡɡԴоľ䰸ģ¾ͰѺ䷢һ׮ưҶС졣
ξʱ򣬱һͣżȻһŮʱΪˡһȺֵУŮǿ
ͻЩӶҵǮƣЮλС뿪ҪŪ͸ϵͨʱɫѾһȺ̧һҵŮֶУ̫עĿұܽһҿջ
ǽŵʱ򣬵ڻƴŷһ࣬һ״ƻԵŮҿšǽŲӦʱǡһѲ侭ΣֻǸŮߡ
ǻ䷢죬׷ȥǵûӽ¾Ȼ˶ӵıУһʱ𶯾ųǡͼҲؽΣռˡ
ģΪ˾ȳӣ´㣬¸ˡƽ¶ָ¡ơʱָʹһְȱΪָ£ǽʵϵϴ
ҵǮɳУѰ˸ɣ˳츮ΰߣؽ˽گ˼ķߡΪأȴ˶̽ӡ
ڸ˾öפõķӣרżලŰеĲΪפǸʮֻ²һرӡ
ʱĻʵۺξǺͯʵµ׵ǸʾѶŭּ˾˰˾жͼ鵱ϻһԴָ̣³ܻ¸˹дΪ
λʵʵǿլŮ׶쳣ӷ֮ն֮ͼлߣͳͳ⻹ϵΪвд̣ն
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һֱ˾ȡɱᣬʳӲ档ԪǸǿƻʵۣǶǧĹҲ޷̫࣬и˾ʱĹȨν֮£ֻǿôһǶǵһԼ
ҶС׺ݵصһҿǺˣǨӴ˵صĺˣ
ֵ̯˭Ƕ˾ϣׯϽأճأΪ񡣾񷬰ˣй֮أй֮ҪҳɷԼͬĵҼȻ
ҶСЦʵ˾ǵԼǶ֮Ȩôʵ۲δע˵ذǨأ񣬲ôż͢˰ȴҪ͢˰ģԣҸ񣬲ô
ҶСһôʵһſڽֻ࣬ګګɡԼ׳ɵĹذ̻˹أΪУʱָԴӣα鷳˵̷Ҳѧճõо˰˷ǡǡڳ֮С
ҶСĻŭӽЩĹˣǲ뽲ˣôʱҶС죬һĶͽɶͽΪ˲ʵһ˿ãϣΪʲô
ҶСתߣ׷Σ
ҶСЧӣ
Чºӣ
غȻո˵ն֣֮ʱ亹ꡣ򷢸ɵ촽Ż׷ãѲҶСӰĹ֮£ǡÿë߹
ˣϽӭȥһץסëǵֱۣصëϽظмʰϸƥһҵ涫̻ȥ֮زز
ëǺЦصѽ˵㲻һڼ̩ɽǰҲ治ɫôզôŵѵҪˡ
ܻصҪˣϾҪͱˣ


37 Ȼն
ŵ̵˱ѭѺذ෿˾ٽ֡ŵ̼˴ͷɥǸʲôһ˪ƵģûϢΪҶСκεǣ
صǸҶ״Ҫͳ͢ȵʵʹʱ⣬һһؾ͵£ʱҪס֮У
͡һЦǸ׳գǹصΪǾĺģŮ˽Ҳ⡣
ϴ˵ط˯þ
ŵ̡ޡһڣҲ룬Ǽ˭ҿģżң˾żҵĹүӡ״ȥգҽҪؼҳԷġ
һһ˵ţƷͻȻ˼򿪰෿Ĵţ˳ȥ⳽ɺصǸʲôôְˣ
ƷɺȵٷϻƹٴҪ㣬һˣʲôʸ˵ģߣ
ŵ̵ŻƷɣһŵص㲻ţϵ㣬ǸҶ߹СүȥһܲˣСүεȥͲţ
Ʒصȥٺɣߣ
ƷɴżѺŵ̵ȥǰһ۲ˢˢһأһɸͷ󺹵صˣʹãʹð˷óͬ͢⣬û˭ɱ˷
ҲǰˣˣǶʲôˣǿɵﲻѽɱǣͭʸݣǵ֮ˣΨл˼ģһ˼˼
常ĸҲһֵؿҶС죬ǸţҶƹپҪ̹ʵ˵ҶСо̣˵ǲ֮ϲˡ
پʵ⣬ⰸ˳͢Ȩ֮˵Ҳɨء֮¡ҲϷ˵ݵͼϲЩٹ˲ֵǮ
ǵҶСΪֹҪ˾˼ӵܵʱ򣬾亦İվҲòһĪľ֡˺һЩطҪϳũūƵʱ򣬾ȻЩũūʹ飬·ҪƵġǲǶūи飬ֻϰ磬ͻȻЩããȻĲ֪룬֪ȥӦ
ҶСԻȻֻ£һкٳе
ƹүˣǿû裬˭һһ裬ͽҡͷӲͷƤҶСûлʵ۵Ĺ¹ٲҴ
ҶСüͷһ壬չ֪ٵļڱٹ̣˳УΪĲ¼ɣΪһжڼڱƶ
Ȼ᲻ƺҲҪϳ࣬ͱÿ쵶ն飬ֻҪ뿪㲻ƣϳҲˡֻû뵽ԸԵΣҲҴ
ҺҶСҲмԼˣЩԼ˶ھǲݣ˻ͷ̫ЩΪֻܡϵĹ͹ҶС죬ǻʵҲں
ǡˣǱһ׮رĺôǾǲҪҶСǽʲôǸ˼κκֻҪҶСٻĵҲᶨƵȥɡ
ۼҲʹˣҶС˸ɫӳĽһڲм߹ȥ󣬲վ
ŵ̵˱Ѻ˻طȴδϼϣҲδҽֻͣԵţ˫ĴָһҶСվڽϣŵ̷ȻеҶģְҵȴʲô
ҶС찺Ȼȵŵ̡⳽ǿլŮ׶쳣ӷ֮ѭӾУն
ʲô
ŵ̵ɴ˫ۿҶС죬ЩԼĶ䡣նҲ̫ĵ˰ɣҿɲͨհݣֻĴǵŸҺȻ´ҶС죬ƾʲô
ŲţҶСһ£ѵʾֳˣֵɱŵˡŵۼһڷĳŵֽһʶؾٱȥӭ
ƥһһѪ֣ŵ̲ҽһ˫ϣѪܵڵϣʹιȥǵһĲҺȻֹһǻѪ

꺮˱ͨиСڵţãż֪ͬصڼݺͱ֪ͬѾˣκǿԾҶƹ٣ǸִҪд˵ֶ̡ʱ˿̣ʵڲٳȰҿǻǵȴ͢ɡٻҪ꣬˰ȷڼ⣬ϣǷǣĪҪԹݴˡ
꺮Ŷȶոն˿ºڣ˵ڼݾͬʱңһǵֶܰȻȴõôһ𸴡꺮ʱһǷǷǣʹ֪ͬˡ
꺮˵գ˵ѾڼӣϧڼҵȵһĲֵȻˣҲø˭ˣҸԴЩҶˣȥǣҶΣЦ
֪ͬϽϢŭȥˣ֪Ҳÿ˾˽ӻشΣǼλٰѸֶߣʱ͵ҵׯסؼ¶棬αعȻͻֵôҶ²̨ء
ʹ绪ԭ֪ͬ˵ұۣ˭֪ڿͤѹ绪ȴͷһվӵʹ˱֪Ϳ˳ˣڿͤôӣǻʲô˵ġ
ŭصֵô²̨ǣǣմģΪڿͤǸŮҡͷβĺ۾ͭ꣬ô״򵹵ģڵʱߣ
ƿ֪ͬŭȥ绪˱ӰЦڼݲ߻ҲͰˣڼΪȴƫƫڼݵͷϣǴӺ˵
˴˼ҶˣڵظϵսԺӣҶСʣӢδԶϿţٽΪնа֮ͽ㰲ĵȥ
˴󺧣פ㶨һͼ⳽ǱͻԺӴܣмֵĲ׷ᡣһǸ⳽ϲ׾ңƹٷ衭
է׸²һɽĿϵǰһݳѩĵǰ͸⳽ҽһֱؿĸף£һ鵶ص¡

⸸ۼӾȻǰֻһʹǰһڣһͷԵæѷסʱ˹ۿֻм֮ңʱȴ׷һСȣӲնϡ
Ÿˣ¡
ҽŵطֻѣͳҶСǰѱèǰȴ׶绢ʱѳ嵽Ÿǰ֮ңŸ˶еǸŴѵļҶҲЦһе
Ҫ
ŸҺһͼ¶ףһʽɽۡһնĲӣһͷꤵعŸ£˫۴ţ澪֮ɫŸƺһ㵹


38 ѵѡ
ڿͤ˼ݹģȻ˼Щңͣ˱ʡǰʱֻԹ£ֻڼҾȻһܵĴѹͷϣǲޡ
ֻǴ֪һЩĸˡŵ̵˸òɱɱҲŮˣּǿŮһڣ޷˵ļ֮ͽ޲ðͳͳ
µͷǸһ򲻱ҶСһУҲϧȨӲǽ̣أҪǵİΪŰΪʲôֻ򡭡ǿɽһ֮ǧ˵֧
ÿһ£ҪȨǷ𼰼棬һС͵λȨӦѡһߣкԣֻܿɳܵѡһݵˡ
ѡڿͤزһֳСǿڿͤ̾˿ķҵظ±ʣҪȥߣո֪ͬصݴˣˣݴˡӴ
֪ͬߵùſʱת룬ֹͷصײſϣ䡱һݶгһҳڿͤ۾Ȼ֪ͬι˻ţ
绪صҶҶҶС졭
ڿͤһ׷ʵҶС꺮Ź
ڿͤ˵ţ¶ɫȻҶС첻Ϸ֣һˣռˡλȨôǰҲˣôŹ١
֪ͬ⸱ģǴĻᣬ򹷻ҪأͭʸҵңǾȻ˼ɵذҵŹˣڿͤһ˫üʱһ˫Ҳһɱ
绪ֵǣҶС찡ҶСˣӣšŵ̵ȫɱˣͷҹѪ

ڿͤСٿȻſһСġOͣһ˫üë΢΢Ʋһ룬𾪵ɫϣһ֣ΪЦ

һϺɶӷţĵӳ֪šǽյ״ӵĵ˾ˣԼѾǵİӣҶСǵ״ֽԸ뿪
ҪߣͿҶƹٰһ׮еѺԺһͨ׷ɱǵѪȳԺĶӡ
һӳ±㱻ҪĬȻɢȥڰ֪ˣһ㵣֪˭ȷһɽХһ
ٹһŶȨ˼ӵһŭӣȴҲ˵һ֡ڰջһ󣬺ʶôغֽ΢ӻ˽ͷӶ˽
ʱ꺮Ѿ˶ҶС췢˹öˡվ⣬ۼвֻ̱ţ˴ţˣˣΧ˴ãҪɱˣȥ֪ˣ
ǰĬһƬΪΪĺùپģûվԭڽ㸻ȻѣȨûôǿҵηУ֯Ϊš
ھҪأ˴ٵİǸ¹٣иƵڽͷйٽθ̺õֻǻһۣ̩Ȼڹǲõ
ǲȵطڵطһƷ֪سţͿǰӵ̣ھǣٶС˸ụ̂ھǴ·ҲƷ٣ȴǻ벻⡣
ǵٶĻԲ֮Źһϸôֻת۾ҪʷԹٶǹٶֻܿЦԼĹٽһһŲظϸ˵ĺ棬·ڲظػ·ӡ
Ȼ˾ȨģСǾšԼйһɣðȨ֪ΣǵүΣȻžۼǧˣֻҪһֻҪҿϳãû˵סǣе˶ѡ˳Ĭ
¶ൽܲǣͬ鱻˺ҧɱʱΨһѡҲֻӵԽԶԽáΪʱδܹõյĻرҶС£ֻΪһǻƽ֮棬ʹ죬ӣ

죡˻شã
֪±ֽһáĹñѱһᣬֻһҶỹںȺȵԾţҪÿ죬Ҫ꺮һֱӰԴˡ
ۼ꺮ħشҶ˲Ҫس±ʵҶСԶҹ£Ѿû£ˡ
ٶɱˣǵ׵棬һʱλȨȫˣ²Ҫسһʼ֪±ԼͲЩŻʧ룬Ϊѡ
ǲ֪ǺˣۿԼҴ˱Ժ׷Թʵڲ׵˵ȷʵܰλƹүԴҶƹٵˣǲͦˣǣһȺᡢͷǶԿǸ
꺮˺ؿ֮ǾͲΪˣΪĵλȨ´ǡɱˣǶ꺮˲ûСΪҲɱйߡ
£ѾѡֻվҶСһ˷Ȩǵڶ¶սһԷ˶࣬ЩõˮǵǹϳԿԽڽڰˡ
飡
õűصعˣǴãҲأߵײ֨죬һʱҲ֧ŵסҶСҲˣֻһ֣㲻Ҫس嵽ǰΧҶСˡ
޴ֻǰŻ˽ú󣬱ǰŶЩդļܱһЩֿȭǲˣҶСųصĹҲ̧ȥסſڡ
ǰⴰͻȻ˴һ¶꺮׺ףɱȥ˭ɱҶС죬ҴŮͷˣ
ɱɱǣһɱ⸸Ҳŵڴڣ߷ŭš

⸸δˣƷɾͶһˮͶǹ˳ȥͷ⸸ϣ⸸һһ㵹ֱ˹ȥŵ꺮æһͷȵżż
Щ쵰ӾȻ˴˹ͼ꺮һãԾִƿĴʱֲĲУҼ뷢û׼ͷһмһֻձƤ
ˣô죬ô죿
±򼱵ת·һֻȹϵϣҶСҲĿͽֻҪ뿪ͻգߣΨһѡǴ
Ҳ֪˾ٱȻŭȨ󣬵ΪԷỳģǹķʽʩӱȴδ뵽ԷȻ˰裬ȻǿֱӽҪ
˵оֱδţԭ
ˣʱЩʲôǹݣ˾ǵ£ʲô¶ܷҶСҡҡͷ˦ѷҵ˼ƣΨشãҾͲڼݻǲ
ƷɸϵҶСǰ磬һȥɣ
ҶСҡҡͷ̫࣬岻ȥģڱΨأ
ҶСڿͤؽ֪Ů֮ǿɱԼĶУҲλȨͰɱˡͭʸôǴ
ҶСֻܼڿͤĸ棬ɱ˵ĺʱûֺαȥ롣ֻ֪ղɱúʹ죡һػţʹʹ
أڼݸ棡
ϣǰЧ꺮ƵĴΪͻƿɱй֣ԴڷżǴͻȻһҵơ֦ϡ
ϺȻĸ֣


39 
֮±·ŵ̵˿ôźֻҪɱҶС죬ܳΪˣٻһʱǵЩȫ˷Ƶģϧ÷𹥻
ྲ
ƣ
رܣ
ƣ
ྲྲྲ
ྲơһӶΣһǹдšྲֵӵסƷɺҶСµһһ˳ྲƣһ˳ֻرƳƣһֻŵضסһƿĴڡ
ֻҪ˳λȨƱ޴ӷӣϵ˾ͻеü֡Ʒɺһʿڴڣ⼸ʿŵվһߣʱ׼油
常ϰľսվһߣؿǱߵЩ᧿Σ常һʱҲ֪شһ¾ͳ˹ȥ
ƴ⣬Ҷոǹ̿ڵļһҪͦ常ҧгݵȥȥȥȥ
常ץеĶûͷûԵһͨңءꡱһеĶˣߵĶࡱعĽϣʹԭĶǷ˰˹ȥסʱ˳ƹүĹӡϻӡ
ڵ˱常ҵͷѪԽѣſڴ̨ϣһֿ죬ϽѳɱЩ㶵常ק˻常һ뿪ԭλһǹʹ˽ֻҪҪش̸Դ
ߵƴ䱻ؽգǲϵҲ̰ǽѹ˫ڽ״̬
ëǺѭһһңŵվҶСֱߡҶСĹ˿ʱиһˣҲˣˣˣˣ¡
ҶС찵գ˭ô
һתͼվڡͼ£һץһǩӣֺǩֺǩڳļƻͦ䣬ֻɫ԰ף˫Ҷδйĵ
ҶС𣬱һ۵ʲôǩʲôҲɱô
ҶС켷һȿ޻ѿЦǩʺȻһ£̣ѧ޸֮ɱˡǩӲɱ˵ģѧ׼ɱġֻҪǳѧɱ
ҶСһǶЩĿ࿴ˣô˵ɱܱ̰ǿҶС㰲ο㲻Ҫ£汻ǴҶĳȥ͹ˣܲǻҰ˶ɵ
ؿɥ綫룬ǾͲ˾˼ˡǲ֪ǵֶۣѾ޼ǣǸǳֻҪѧҲһʹ죬ǻĿ㡢þ̺ʯˮ˻ˡ
в״ҶС첻һƤص˼ᣬһǩӵݸҶС죬ܺĵʵܣ״һѧҪʮǩ͸㱸ðɡ
ҶСûؽӹлл

լ棬ڰ˵ҶС캷Ȼɱ٣˼ΧҪϢʱ÷Σ齴ҶС죬ңҲ
ͩһתǰȥӵ԰꣬Ը׿һѽ
˶ով㶮£ֿʼ˵ɱżҵˣɨ㸸棬㻹˵Ǻ£
ͩĿɲֻżҵˣҡҡҵˡ
һ㶣˵
ͩҶĲһû٣ıһɱˣʮа˾ڿͤʹ㲻ǡ
ͩȻøᣬҲѹøͣҲñ˾ǣ
Ȼ򣬵żȷǺ¡ΪĵľСӲʩżҵȨȫˣһҡҺҪ׷ˡ
ͩȻǣԣȥֻ農䡣ֻҪʵڣһٹᣬ²ܰؾ棿
תŭΪϲٺٵЦҶǶɽۻգ

棬һȺҶȡ֮ŵ׺ݵصܣǲӾǣͳͳ
֮ܵԽԽߣʱڷҪδˣ֪±򾪻ŵؽˣˣҪŻҪŻշ
˶ʱһţҶСڿͤٳδ¶棬ҲԼǰжϲ˻ɣۼƽ𣬵ʱƱһţȻ̾ǡ
һֱӺߵĻͽ˵ҪŻ𣬶ӺҲûˣ߳ҶС⻰ǲɧʱҶС췢ɧʲôãֻǶһۣһɥ
ʱëͻȻգڰڰǺϱӻ֪գ͸ҶСӳףСӣôһֽǮĺ˶û˰
ҶСڣҪǰǸ⣬ȴΪ˺ڣҶС첻ЦԷǣۿҪ˶ô֪νһʱ䣬ҶСǵǸĻ˵ˡ
֮ԽԽ࣬һҶ֧ѹ꺮һѶȥ꺮ŻѣߵһڿǴЦҪѻͶ֮ԺſͻһźһӹٱһԺǱң꺮ŰΧ
ڿͤʹ֪ͬɫش߽һ꺮ҪͶڿͤȵ꺮ס֣㾹һ浱ΪΪô
꺮ڿͤˣ۾Цڿ̲ͤסôһжɣֶΣֶѽĳС񶾵Ůˣ
ڿͤ޶˶˵رҶСĴڻﲻҶСƻ޳ܡ˵ǰֻǾҶСõǰƹ汳ɣ˴˿׾ˣҲڿͤˡ
ֻǣⷬ˵꺮ҲţҲûҪˣûԼͷڿͤߵְ֪֪ﺰɱģҪﻹĳ𣿡
ڿͤ絶ºݺһȵ˭Ҿٻ𣬸ɱۣıȻһ˸˷ǹǰһݣǹԱߵĹҲ׷׿ۼң֨ѽѽһ
ڿ֮ͤôô֪ͬȥˣҲ֪Լѹס꺮ˣҲ޲һֱڵȱ꺮״_ĿȵڿͤɱңżҾ㲻ݣ
ڿͤʾȵҾٻ𣬱پͰɴ⬣
⽣ţҶţߵȻƴˣ֪±ϲɫҶСƹٴˣڼˣڼˣоˣ
һ·ѾһأʱҲ˾Ȳؽе죡ῪǳȥֻҪڼߣǾоˡ
ţ
ҶСϺֹҶСǡɱˡҲûʲôԾȵֶΣԷһֱһģǿ򶨣ǼˣЩ˾͸ûֿˡ
ڿͤҶСʱ˿ֻģ˫ҲЩ˶˵˽˵ڳȥڻϵһưͣ


40 Э
ãҸӣҿԲգҶС죬꺮ͨ۾ڿͤòˣڼݣ㲻Ҫƴƣ
ڿͤ΢΢üͷҲռǸ֪ߵغҶС죬޲ðͶιŽޡǣҶС쵨ΪƫƫһĪøС
ڿͤͲһݵˣҪȻҲŮ֮ȴҰĲҪȡżңڼҳΪͭʵһ˾˼ˡԶҶСԱʵսȨ޴ΪڿͤȻЩϧ壡
һ֮սǿĶ֣ﵽ˿ܴɵĿġҶСϣ·𿴵ԼӰӡì̬ܵ÷ǳ
ڿͤ΢ʧ꺮Ӳȵڼݣ
ڿͤ˷ҵ˼ҶС첻١ڲ
׷ʵڼʲô˼ҪҶС죿
ڿͤҶСն࣬Ȼǣղһǳ͢٣β賯͢ĵɱأһ͸ˣȴЧҶС첻նҶСϾ٣֪͢˻ô룿ԼĺԼã˶ֿǲеġǾҶС챻Ƕ˽̴ոĻʵۻ᲻Ƕļð
⸸ЦΣѵʵۻΪһҶС죬Ȼ˱
ڿͤʵ䲻Ϊ˱ַûʵﲻʹ죬վһ¡
꺮Ҳں
ڿͤں
꺮еĻѣû̸ˣ
ڿͤҲ֣ʾ⹭׼Цصԣ
绪æԲᣬʹʧӣ֮ʹٺ⡣㲻һ룬ĵɱҶС죬ż˵аôʵۻ᲻ͭʸ˾̫Ŀ޳͢㳯͢˱Ҳٲ˵ġѺҶС죬͢ߣ㻹ֻ⣬ֺαִһʱأ
ŮȻҪɼŮ֮ϣԼ˵֮ϣǵʱеͨŷһֹ绪ϼ֣꺮˹Ȼҡ
Ȼ뵽ڿͤõͭ˾ӵѾӵгԽżҵʵʱûʵ۲ʹ죬ڼٳûһ˵ʵ۲˳ˮۣżңڼλżҽһصĴ
ڿͤʵҲ꺮ɱҶС죬ٱɿһӲڼҾͿ˳µλô״ȴҲ٣Ȩ⣬δص
ȣôشոáƹһشżܶಢδӹڼҵ˾ЩɹֻǴΪ˵ĳĬͶڼҡ
ʱżһûʵȨĴڣɱƹ٣޲ߡôЩҡڲ沨˾ǻô룿ǻ᲻ΪżʵڣڿͤϾǸŮ޶㣬ʵҲޣκβżң
֮ܽһͭ˾еܹ۷λȨǹԹԼָʾжһżһϵȨǿĵһûᡣ
ͬʱнһżҵϸƻ£ʵûбҪðոıƻͻĻֱλƸڸǻʼձ̫ݣֱϵڶһһɵųƵۡҲһġ
ȻҲҶС조ֱʸ־ɡĺøֻһԼҲûʶ

绪Ǹܲ˵ͣǰɹ˵¿һҶСͬͣ˿̾ȻһֱҪ˵˷ţһ꺮
绪Ķ࣬˵ҶС촥ɷҹѺǣЩʱգڿ־еγһֳͷ
꺮⶯룬ãǣ
绪üᣬ㲻ҪɱɣĻ̫ˣ
꺮ֵֻҪӺҶģԷŹǣҶСŰǣһ
绪ЩΪѵؿڿͤڿͤҲǱƵ̫ݣһ˼⣬׵ԣ
꺮صһеĻϺݺһ˵ãҶС컹ڴϣҪۿץΡ
ڿͤᣬͭʸθҵĵطҶСؽҪҪһ仰¶Ǳٽճ滹ʲô壿
꺮ŭؽΣؽҾ˵֮±⣬ںβ͹Ȼ¶ˡ
ۼҪ绪ϽϡࣺλˣλϢŭѾ̸ôôֳˡգȻڼݶԸôβģǾͰҶСؽҴˮΣĳ𿴹ܣ·⡣
Цմģ˭֪ڼһ·ģҶС㸮ϣͽڼ𣿡
绪ŭʲôⲻɣ
ڿͤһתؽ°ɣ߼ҹͬɱܣΣ
꺮һ飬ڴӦ

ëſڴ͵͵ţ˫ʱǺܴ˫֮ȴλȨļҶѾ˵ͬ˵һߣڿͤıǺø˿
ëŤͷ˷ܵؽе磬ǺǺ죬ˡŹٱѾסˣûǸڵģǼҼҵĻͦ͹
ϲȥˣˣоˣ
ëԱŲŲڳλãһ㲻׺Լ򡣡
С¶ԴһۣϲɫؽУˣˣˡ
ʱ֪ͬӴŵλôҶƹ٣ڼѾˣ˵
ҶСҪԸ˰Ὺȴֹǰʵλˣ֪ڼݴδҵȣ
ĬƬ̣Ǵ绪ҶƹδնҪƲáµģҲҪһ˰ᱨϳ͢ӲöϣɵˣѾӦ׷
ضʱɫһ䣬֪µ˿ؽŵضҶС̣Ҫץһȥض׶༪٣ºֵ¶ѧǼˡ
绪ʱ𣺡ǣݴѾ˵ȲȫѺڴڣλڼݼֿܣºֵġ
أԲţŵؿҶС̣ô
ҶС쿴˿ˣҲ֪ռȻ£ͲˣҴ֪ͬⷬһڣԼһڲƱزֿƾزסõģֻȽڿͤİš
ҶСõİţӦǣῪ򿪴Űɡ
ػȰһȥڴǰˡ
ҶСһյߣСޱգȴһ±㱣˳ȥɣϾѾظﱨˣƥҵѱá
ҶСҡҡͷɣ治ֻλȨڼݵıȥܡֻܼ£ֻҪܲʱǾͻлᡣ
ҶС˵ţа룺浽˱ľأ˵ƽߵҲͲܱˣȻǲңҲδںߣܸɵɡ
ѾײΣ˰Ὺַ˺ôľŰѴƿһսս߳ȥڱʿǣδŷģ˼˱Ҳĵ߳ȥ
ҶС״ƿǰȥسٳɵ棬һʬʱͻȻһۼǰߵ׷׳ȥûע⵽ϽʬһѪԼһͿһᣬ˵ϡ


41 䡱״
ˡ˵ľ嶤˴ϣһľ嶤ڴʱҲһƹ˴⣬ɮڶʱû谵
⴦ԺеĿѾһļԺܲǽϺݶ϶йѲꡣҶСԼƷɡѭ컹ëǱ
Ʒɫصص磬ô죿ѵŻʵ۵Ĵν
ëһŵصЩ˾Ҳ̫˵˿ˣʵ۲˵ɣ
ҶСҡҡͷһнпܣڵĲ²׼
ѭˣ㲻ɽͷǸʲôƽ̵ĽڱҲһˣӦúЩ˾ү˵ϻɣҪ͹ݣ
ҶСȵȾϢôǴ˹ټ־˵ʵۻһ档ֻҪʵ۾ңҲõԣǵͷҪҵݡ
ѭ켱ţҿǶѾ֮ǣ˵߻ڼݺʹ֪ͬ뿴ܣ˭֪ǻ᲻Żºֻ֡ҪģǿǷʤ˵Ľݿһϲ׵
ҶС͵ѭ죬ءֻǣѲ⣬˭Ҳûʵ۾ô롣Щ˾ȻڵطģǱϾ֮ɽȻ
ҶСȻɽУҲڴͼʵȴһֱܳ͢Ͻģ˵ǻ֮ҲΪЩ˾һȣͳ͢ĹϵȻԶһ㣬ʵ֪ɽʮҵˣҿƣ֪ô룬ǸǻǾԤˡ
ԭ
ѭüصǸǺã
ҶС찲ο˾Ȩɱ˶سΪʵ۵ĺϲԼ޷٣ֻѹҪӲĻ̫ƫƫط̫ʵڲֵø޴гдĻʵ۶ֵط԰ΪȨ
ʵЩ˾ǿң⣬ʵ۵Ļңʵһʵһ֪Ļ϶ŭﶨȻҲĵĺܣֻҪһؾ󡭡
ѭȻϲǾоˣ
ҶСͭҲ㲻̫˲꺮ҲֻżҵһӣʵּҡҲʹ˺ƤʥּΥĻʵΪ桢͢ţƱҪַżһΪһФӵܾȥԿӣֻǡΪͭٵġġּնĻ
ҶС̾˿ʱҲֻ֪ܶڼ˵ҵˣֻһɽ֪ͷöѵǲʮһɽ
ѭһ۷ŹصǺ羡ɽһӦûͷǰɣ
ҶС羡ɽͲֵͲ°Ĵָ棿Ͳ³͢䱸ǭʮ˳ɽɱǳʲôʲôϷΪҰǱҴΧˣ
ѭʱҶС𵽶ŵþͺãֻҪǲܾˣʱҪŪ˶ĿףǾͿˡֻһҵ;Ҳͽˣֻûɽҵңȥ
ҶС˵ţб޷ɶļҵĳŵӨӨڿĵصȥӭȢڣ˫Ŀ۾˫۾ָ£ģҪλİĵߡ
ˣȥˣ
ҶС±װѺʹµʱͷزˣʱȻţʱ̲סƷɵѯʣƷҲûпʲô°ɣ
ѭ㬵صʲô£ʲô±ǹ첻Ӧеصز飬ʱΣյĵطѹǱѺʱûĪ͵͵˰ɣ

һͷ¿ӣҴϳǣֻҪϳǳȥ̤ǰĹٵˡ꺮˵ʱֻעҶСˣЩĿڶȨǣѹûλڼһ״Ե߳õȺһʱû˷֡
漴꺮˾ѺҶСǰȥˣѪſװʱͽͷɥشɨ
ǺܾɥҶƹٱץߣҪصǰʽ״̬ˣһĻһ˿¡ͻȻиѪ˴ӵѻһһϳװء
Ȼ淢ʦүϽˮϴ棬ָ·͵͵ͳ˸áϻЩɢӣȥһͷ¿ӣֻ̳ӡ
޴޲ɼ״ôһǰ;Ĺٶôһͷ¿ӣ
һһ޺޵سſµ¿ӣһ޸٣ҸԣⲻǻôˣαطҪȥ޴͸
ǰۿ˳ſڣ룬ȺԳܣر¿ӣǣǰߡŶӳ˳ţǣ¿߳ʮԶȻվסŲ
ػͷ˿ǳţݺݵǣ¿ߣֻ߳վסˣŤͷŷ򿴿¶֮ɫãصһţһ쵰㬵ߡ
ҶǰɻصǸѾϢݣݼæ˸еƥϸʱߵ׼ûеȵҶСȥ̽ϢȴҶС챻ѺʹµϢ
˺òģлʮƾҪ컯֮µȥǺѰҶСȳģҶСձѺ£ɭϵʱ
ݵʱֽţҮɱڵصǾߣǵ죡ҪϢʮҪˣҲɱѪɺӣ
ָҮϣֻĴδСѾ⡣
ҮеģǼȻ߹˵ʱ
ݵС类ץأǺ޼Сˣ˭֪ǻ᲻ᰵ¶֣ôܲġùƵĻƾʮܾܲȳС磿
ҮŻ׵üëҡҡͷȻлᣬ¹߰ΣϷ򲻸ðհ
ƶҪƳʩչģƳɲߡô򵥣ҪԼѪιģԲֳܴ˭ôѪιƳ档
ʵƽҲطԲõ˵ѪƵĹιֻڹƳɵʱԼѪɣֹֻҪüҩƣֻ߲Ǹʵ
ˣһǧƣƽʱҲֻǱ֤ĸƴڽӴֱԾ޽ΪԷһſʼѴǮֳƳ档
ҹƳ汾ҲܰѴѧϰʼɵĹƳ涼ҮĿǰֹƳҲʮֻЧøͬеˣеβġܺ˵ĹƳЧͷʱҲͬ˺ͬʱпأȻ
ݽصǸô죬Ǹô죿
Үе˶Ŵ£Էб䡣ٻɽ֪ͨ
˵ţܽ
ֻ߽̫С˭ҲܻʲôʲôҪҲ裿㱻û𣬸¿ǰ̿ԣһ״ʦģȻĵ壬ǲв


42 ìܡڼ
ضԼ޴оУһԼǣһ߽һȥһץס֣صһΪҲץأС类ؽˣô죿
һæοݹڼҲûã㡭
ݴĻ͵صôܲڿôźðǶˣ۶࣬̽Ұɣˣ˵ȥ״ɲɣǲǻҪ壿ֻҪܾС磬Ҳµģ
ؿЦݹ˵ĽĹ¶ȽϿţ㲻õġڶ̱ץʱڲд󰭡ֻǵ鱨ϳ͢¾Ͳˣʵ£Ϊ˶һ˶ͭ˾֮ġ
һּˣǸô죿
̾˿ҡҡͷĳȰκζ̲Ȱ衢һСȨѾ飬˭ҲȲˡ
ݵС˵𡭡
۾һѿھҪ˵ҶСݣҮмʱһݵĻݹֻһˣ˾УүڵȴѲһ˾ܽˣҲҪΪˡ˵ʹ˸ɫ
زδעͷʹɫҲ֪ҶСһݣֻԼ˼·Ҫ˵һһĿܾڼȻϣ󣬲
ݵɴ۾߰Щʲôҧҧ˾Ȼ̧ͷ˵ڼݣ߶̻һѧݸһУΪȥ˵ͣ
ڼݣ
Ҳ˵ڼݺżҲͣ˰żˡ˼벻̫ӵ⣬ֻüȻڼݺżҲԸôȷʵܻܿС磬ϲðǡҪҪ׼Щ
ҡͷ˰Ǯܽģǳǰܣȫڼһ֮䣬ĳڸһУ
غ̶֮󣬱ڸȥһߣҮбһɱȨӵܣˡȥдűã߲ܳɹô˻ɽѶ
ݵͷҮбҴȥҮиߣңңܽʵݽ㣬ôôƥҪô
ңңѾһʮһĴˣüۿΣģ֬һŽݵɫңң֪ʲôκûֹңңɣվǱңң״
ݼæȥƵɫҸɣ

ڸլڣдľΪդȦ˺ôһƬݵءڿͤդŶһ߽ȥʮǾѸ˹ӲβڿͤתȦȦ

ڿͤ˼ЩǼƺ鲻ãһɢڿͤߵһľϵԣľһᣬֻɽ㡱Ŵ߳һ˶ѻŷܵȺһӵϡ
Ƭֻ̹ѱȺ˵ҧǼ˺ҧţһʱѪ졣ѪζȺǴڴڵ˺ҧ⣬ڿͤ齥ƽ
ģǿʳ档ǳ򣬿Ʋ̣Ǿǵ淨򣬼ȻϲԸǳݣôҲѡѪȾ
ɱ߲ǵȭͷݣʻһġСǹֺγˣһʧܣٵ³±ǸŮҪңʱ˭أ˭ֹǿʳ͸ӵģô
ʱһ͵ͷ߽ڿͤ£˾Ҷƹٸʦү
ڿͤ΢΢һص
Ǽ͹ߵ˸ͷɴͷߡǲֱ˾ģԶԶ˾ظĺŽҪ̹ѱĵصͷʲôҪ˾ҲҪͷѰ˾˵ĽżȥЩĵʵΪֹֻ˾үûԼλŮ˾ĳࡣ
ȵȣ
ڿͤͻֻסһ
رդͷǰֻеøɸɾվѪδضЩľڿͤ߿˿ǿЦݴЩȮʮ㰡
ڿͤһۣصǣǹ

صʱɫϽڿͤ߿˿ЩֻǶû˹˼İڿͤ߿еʵʲô
ػھؿЩǣһͷڿͤѾ߿ŵϽ׷ȥݴˣȵңȵҡ
ػŵ׷أݴˣҼҴ˱Ѻڴ£οǰҼҴΪ塢Ϊŵ̵ǿլŮζ֮
ܺŮǺŮʳ˾Լ˾˼Ҷ񷸷ԣҼҴ˲ԷдҲ֮١
Ȼ˵նƺ׵͢Ҳй涨ʱ򣬵طٿɱ¡ʲôʱأսһһҲһʱΣǰھۼвпܼ䣬ŵ̵ļͱˣҪǿа˷ߣҼҴ˱£ҲͳΡ
ڿͤվסŲ׿һۣصͱٽģǾذɣ
ظϽǣѧ֪ݴˣżҰ޵ݴ˸мȫְȨضԴоҲвագʧȥģùʧͣһ޿̵ĵز롣
ҶƹܲηȨǿִ˾ٱȻյԹߣǻʵȻҲ͡˾£ǿаӣΥ̫ʵĳŵΪѡݴ˴ʱܳ⣬̨£Լݴ˱ض͡
ڿͤվסŲתӣأЦЦص˵ΪҶСˡȡӣ
æѵôżܹżӵȴ޷죬ӱȻáڼֹմ֮£ǽżңߪݴҲ޿ܣԼݴ˿ǸѵõĺûᣬݴңҼүһж£ȻЧҴˡ
ڿͤһЦĻɣ˵ҲȷЩ
ϲôݴͬˣ
ڿͤնصܣ
ڿͤתȥӿ˽Ųಽ
ڿͤҲ֪ݵطԭӵԱ˵ֻǽҪǲٰͭҵ࣡ʣ˺㣬ɵһطίΣͬš£㾴Զ֮㻹ɵȥҶСûеɱѾŭܶˣǿаΣ
ڿͤ侲ķͷԽԽڿͤҶС޴Ӣĺøʱá
ڿͤػһתֵҿҶСмʿðһԡܾӴģɱסһˣ󼺣
һڼʲô˼ѵȥ


43 
˫˵زˣҲòٲҴţر̽ʵ䱸ɭϣѲ̶Ѩƾʮ˸ʿγط˳
ڿͤȻط߼ң߼ҸģֻҪôһҵķˮҲδؾûлᣬҲȥԣһζȴʩᣬǻ׼ҶСʬˣ
ظϽǣݴ˵ֻǡĻԶͻᱻ֣ԳɹҹĻʱĳǽգ˾ȳȴӲ֮κΡ
ڿͤվסһĶͷص˼ڸصԱ⡣ڶɽдҵ԰ҲһصĻؾǼɽϵֻ̣Ҫܣɴصˡ
صڣҼΪأڲռ伫󣬲ظٰʮ˶ڻ¡ֻϧٽǮãǴҵһҶģװ׻ķصʵڿϧ
ᡰһ֪Ǵ̣Ϻңңϯʦ¹壬û뵽ǾһصĿءڿͤԼ˵סپõʱ䣬Ҳѷ֣ĸ˻еģת̣ҪһתȦء
ڿ͢һҾأȻҼҴѣȫݳȫ
ڿͤһҶĿǺɡǻҲ뱾ȫɣ
֪Ʋ壬æӦǣѧף
̧ͷڿͤ߳Զƥ߹ضصʱëֱϽΣܵĲӣһ̶شܵڿͤ
س˼ݸһվһȻúķѾһ͸ط·γѣܵڼʲôòײҸøϽع
ѾͷͨҾ͸Ҫʻ¸Ȼڼлߣûһ֮ôˣǴ״ҲҲ㻹״ôǱҶĴˡ
һ̵ҼţһɣֱҶڿͤ뿪Ҳгص˾֣£İͼҴҵ߽ˣʹˡ
ڿͤݵ鷿ң
ǰϤɽϢʱڿͤںֹͣ¹ȹҵַԴط磬ͬʱ˰Ϣ֪ͨӦӦԶڲݣϢΪףʱϢŴϢ
ʹһ̼ģ鷿ڿͤȭһҾڿͤʵкϢң
ֹ̼صҼ˾һŸڴˣ˲޿š˵Žͷϱһ£סͷһ˺һӣӼвһţ˫ֵݸڿͤ
ڿͤſӦѰԼſͷȻҪʺһֻ˵νϣһԣҲֻǷʺһʳӣҪӦһǿΪ
ЩĵʺڿֱͤԹĿһɨͻؿһ֣һȻŴ۾ϸٿȷʵûװ׵ظҶСǹƽߣ
죡
ڿͤо̾
ʮɽ磬ڹݼû˲֪ɽйĪĹʦҲк֪ܶǺܰϵ
ڴ󲿷˵ӡУʮԲΪλɢɳƵľסɽ֮ҰˣڹʦһЩ粿ʦ֪ɽʵֻмˡ
ڿͤǡǡ⼫еһ֪ʮĲ֮ȷʵͳòһɢɳڴɽһطסһȺ۵ʦʮꡣ
ȻȺʦͨ񣬵ǷȴʮʹָЩʦǵ֯ͽй̣ǵĽΪߡ
ߣͳʮ磬ùǳԴùסޡøǷнٺίιְֻҪһȴüͷһɽлʵۣ
ӦҶСݵģһɽϾ뵽ҶС졣֪Σ֪ûйƽ̵ɽܵɽһҶСֱʡ
ҶС쾹ȻɽΪ⣬ʮҰ˵便ʲôҺҶСֻһ䣬ϵҶСͭ٣ҵʱټӦһֱ֪ƽ̵ıߣû̫صĹơ
Ӧԭǲй¶ҶСݵģѼԤĶڿͤҶСѾͭʣҾΪڿͤĻ٣û˸ɽӦڿͤҶС췢ͻ𲻿ɲĺֻö˵ʵ
Ӧˮɽʱֺ󣬲ûֺ뷬ڵˮϲĥʵӦ˵ºμҲһȻӦҪСӦܷͭʣֻڿͤ͸¶ҶСˡ
ӦһڿͤȻǱӦδ˵ֻ̫࣬Ҫ˵ҶСݣڿͤ͸֪ôˡ
Ӧȷʵûе͹ڿֻ̣ͤȴ͹ڿͤҰġڿͤҶС쾹ǹƽߣеʵǵλʹȴʼպƽ
ڿͤţʹƽصظ֪ôˡ
ʹ˲дһô
ڿͤأ˻ظԻҵ˼
ʹ׵ǣˣС˸ǣ
ڿͤͷİʹȥһİػ鷿ͼڿͤڷⲽİǷˡ
ڿͤĲɵذڰ֣ϣ㿴
İؿڿͤһۣټ˾ʧ̬ǰ˾ļλ岮ٶʱʼʱ˿ôˣ
İǷſֻһ룬һ𣬾һ̧ͷڿͤվסŲˣ
İŵصλҶƹپǹƽߣôܣôܣ
ڿͤ˵Ϣô
İ˶񣬵ȻԣȻǲˡֻǡʵЩţΪƽߣλߣ޾Ǻεңֺαسɽڹٳ
ڿ֪ͤûпţѾ˵ԵˣҶСֺļҵĴСţļȴͬ⣬ļҴһģҪƾһ֮֮һְƷ١ѹϴ̸ΨһҪƷ٣ԭΪ
İֽеʲôǹƽ߰ͳʮ⻹ѵһƷٱȹƽ̵߻磿ŮҪȴҪȥʲôƷ٣ѵļҵүӻʧķ費ɣ


44 ǿ
ڿͤİȻһ⣬һɱУôһʯͷʲôֵһھýһŮУ֬ɹֵֵǮҪ˭
ļԶڹʮɽǲ硣˵ļ̫أһ߰ʮжƫֻһѾͷȻȫ˱޵ɽȥ
İ»ǲסʮɽ磬ɹƽ̵һһӰ쵽֮ڶطЩط˾ܵƽӰ죬ƽ̽ڹȻҲӵ˾صĵλļӣ
ڿͤݸ粻ܳɽģӰ˭
δˣڿͤȻֹ粻ܳɽѾϻˡǰִɽǲϳɽͬʱҲ̵ؾܾɽ˵ĽӴö֮Ҷ粻ɽƺǿٵӦˡ
ǣɽˣвѾǨ㵽Ϫ⣬ּ𣬹ƽ̵Ľս̹ǲȢӵģҶСȴļҶйڻһ׮Լ⾿ô£
ڿͤ쵽ƽ̣ѾˣҲΪҶСһĽֻ̾ɽǧĹƽĲ͸Ӱھ˼֮Ҫɽˣ
ƽ̳ɽҲζʮ½ɽҶС죬ǴƺûʶʮԳɽУ˵ζʲô
ʵҶСȻЩھУʶԼյԷӶô޴ãһֱԶͷԳһ֪Ҳԭ
ļ֪ݺ󣬾͸û¶ʹҶСһֱΪɽ˾ǲɽֱ֪вɽͭʸµĽŷӦ
ʵϣ粻ܳɽĻ߶ɽ˾˵ȷ壬֮Σɱ֮ءȻɽˣͽȻͬ
⽫һ֧ôӴ֧ȫɽɽվȽŸôҶСͿһԾΪĴƽƽĶ뵽ڿͤеۺ졣
Ĵ˾ĪǴ˽ǧǧϣнۺĻҶСֻҪܳɹذɽͷʸЩӪǧ˾˼ƽۡ
˼һǧʱ䣬޾طܶнյλڼнİٶֱ꣬ղǿǿԺżҶԿҶС֮Ծĸ߶ȣ˱ˡ
İҡͷ̾ҶС죬ӵǿȴΪׯһСŭɱˣǴȥüʱѱ⽴Եǧ֮ӣãݣȴԼһ³çƥǡ
³çƥô
ڿͤ仰Ŀн¶ĹâĴңԼ̳ĪСܿ飬ܽƼ֮λ֮һ׵ظ¡ҶСӵŲѷǵȴû;Գһ䣬һˡ
ڿͤĿ⽥

ػصҶʱ򣬺ȻֻİˡȻǴͨİշװܾǵķɫֹЩƺΧĻЩ롣
Щǹƽ̰˴ϴԼ׼׾ΪҶСѡ˼ж׾죬һҪúͭʣҶңԱ㰵вӦ
ҮһǸϵϲ֮ʰ
ҶСѾڸ¼լ׼Ƕӣȴ£ҮбԸȰŮͺǲȥҪﰭ£ֻ׳ж
ˣҮбǴ򷢳ȥݿ첽ӭǰеʵڼô˵ϰæô
ؼֻҮкڣѹڼͭʵһӣΪ˶̵ǼȨġ
˶ʱ¶ʧɫֵȨżһϵˣڼǶͷͬʱڼֺͶ̵ΪˣԡʾǿԽỵ̄
ݵ˵ڼݸǳ⣬ǽ
Үɫһ棿Ϊݣǽ᲻һƣϹ
صڼݺαʲôɣ
仰ʳصɫر÷ǳѿڼȻͬҶС죬վϣǽȷʵϳղڸʱ̫Умƥģδ뵽һ㡣
Ү˵òȷпڼݵһơҶСţڼݺΪѡλȨɱڼֲÿǲɱ͵λȨѹ
Ҷ˽Ǿ˳ûҶСɡһǶԳ͢˽Ŀ޳͢δּɱ٣ͼԽб䵱ɱҶСһλȨļìҲӭжˡ
뵽ز亹乣ݼɫѿæôˣ
ذ뷨һ˵ҮкݵɫʱҲѿ˵Ǹ顢ΨͼڼݻҶСĴǽص뷨Щ
Ǽ˻˼ѾϵͭʣͷõʿӵʮˣĽڼǴͷǷˣǲǸ˼ɱߵĽںͻô
ǣܽ߳ѵȥҮеʱֱɷʦүǰҪݺݵ۴ˣѶɽʮ̤ƽͭʸ˾ߣƨɻɽ£ʮɽǵ£ǻʵۣҺΣ
µصڵʵ̫ˣЩĵ
ݷŭصö񶾵ŮˣСиôҾŹ

ǸթݴΪײǵڼݣʱոոϵ¡ҶС쵱ˮɽʱһܴ볤У׺֬ǡһ֦
Ҫ˵ʲôͬĻǾ֮ǰڿͤպ;ֹΨֲˣһΣûпŨԼüë·Ҳһ̧Щᡣ
ֻôһССı仯˵ʶ˱仯ڵڿͤװҲÿһʶŮһᡢġɰĹ
ڿõûƽʱӲǱСȣаװ˳ʮָţϣĲ;ڻ״ʮָϷˣ۽ëգţġ
ûˣûУѵ忴һУҶˣˣĺ㣡
ڿͤģⰲУе̴ζö͵һ˫ƴˮᲨ۾㣬Ͼͽᵽʲôɫɲ͡
ҶСеʱǰյȲ裬һڶҶˣŮħͷڶְڳôһӣҪʲô


45 
ҶСɨһۣǷԵһ侲ҡ֮ǰڱѺĵط淢ִڿͤλȨĿΪûԼ˵ȴϷС
ǣǵ˲ֳЩҽվҿ̬ԽԽǿӲڼݣջЭˣҶСͱҶСҪ˷ȨĿǴ󲿷ֶ˹ھܺԺ⡣
ҶС쾯ص֮£Ҫлݴ˳ȫֻǲ֪ݴ˴˿ټкηԸ
ڿͤ΢ЦҶƹٲõģû㲻˼㣬ҲһϸĹȴһصˣˣҺ壬ˣ
СŮȻ˵ңڿͤһ˼ĺó㡱ҶС춼еܳˣؿڿͤСصݴ˵Ҳʲô˼
ڿͤȻҼֲǹ̫Σˣ㵱ǵɱǵĶӣ˭Ҳ޷֤ǻ᲻ᰵж¶֣ΪȫҪȥ
ҶСһڿͤҪȥǾҪλȨʽˣȻǰǾͷɣɱϾûĵزΪ˾ڿͤϧȨ󳹵׷
ҶСЩţⲻǾ֮͵£ҪڼҸشۣλ˾ôΰ١һ䣬ǻۡǡ侲ǣ֮ѡĺҲöңͻȻ֮ͱһӢ۵СŮˣΪѪ֮٣һӶĽ˲ƺĵز
ҶСЩţڿͤѾץס֣ǵģ㲻׵ҾԭԼԣҪ뿪ΣҪ뻢ڣ
ڿֱͤķǳãֻץסʱ򣬼ůץź
⼸仰˵ڣڿͤϱĨĺΣ˼ģϿеҶС벻ŶˣΪڿͤҪɱʵڲ˷£֮ʵûƭɡ
ԣѲĶÿ˶йΪжϴྶͥʱѭֻѭѡҲТһкϡࡢͿֻҲ׵ıܣںȨ֮Ĺҧ
ǣΪܰͷŹ򣬱޷˵أκ˿üʯͷ£ȥԿةͺǿľһ֪ҪΪǿֹػԼΣ֮УܵɥǺǵˡ
ˣһìۺ壬ںûƶ񡢶١ߵ͡Կ֮ҡڲЩֻеСΥԸƽˣЩڴһԼϲŭǾа
ڼҲˣҲ޿ˡ뵽ҶС̲סݴˣҪҳȥ
ȻҺαƭ㣿
ڿͤüҲҪȥһҪͭʸƹ٣ҪΪĺù٣ĳҲҪһλͬţһͬһͬͭʣ
ҶС첻ŵصʲôݴ˲ҪҪҵĹλôܣ
ڿͤ΢Цڼѹżһͷڱ˿ҲǲܣҳɹˣҪڼȡżңΪͭʵһ˾ͱҪܣҶƹٵ׮鷳ҵĵһԽʯɣ
ҶС˰Σŵݴ׼ξңôңҡڵ߳ȥ
ڿͤҵĿزҴ뿪ǿдߣҾ͵úȨʽս׼һʱ֮δԣõֶΣģöãͲٲ٣
ҶСڿͤĳ⣬ûмѯڿͤʲô취뿪Ƕڿֵͤݴ˲ϧȨҲҪάҶĳҶĳģ
ڿͤҡͷʵ˲ңԼ֮ͽΪҾͲʹҲŮˣŮıҸͬܣǣΪ˼棬ˡ
ڿͤصͷȥ˺һ̧Ϊҵ֪ҵ֪ңҷ㱻ǰɱֻ鳯͢㣬ԶԭԼԣˣ
ƹ£ڿͤ۾ҹеǳϵĿһһޱ貣Ŀ⣬ҶСҲΪ֮ʧˣֻʧôһ˲ΪͻȻ
Ȼ΢ﱾֻˡҶСȻŤͷȥֻһʱ㵵صɴ۾

꺮ѺҶС쵽˴£һа׵˸ãҪѽ֮¸常죬ܿѾ֪һУ㱨ǶȨðѴɥ֮ʹ侲꺮ķա
꺮˸úլȴͩ˼ݣ̵֣Ѿ֪ˡҸϢУҲҾԵһɡ
꺮һȾ͵ȵսĺͩŽŶСҸѾˣѾѵ̵¼򵥵ض˵ˣɡҸδ㲻Ҫ˵̫á
꺮ңһ̲סݺᡣ۱ݣֶӣ컹곤꣬ǰҲͲڳӣһֵ꺮ɣ
شϢһ󣬶ǰ꺮ͩոѾθˣ벻żңҲбһš
꺮常̫ˣҪΪֶﱨ𰡣
ģ˭۵żͷϣҶù
컰һתֵ꺮ţ˵ǰ˭Ҷż˲ڣڿͤСֻռϷ磬żˣżͳͭʸѾ֪꣬жζͷȥ
촭ϢһֵΪʲô£ΪżҲǰˡҪҡֵͩܣֻżҵ磬Ϊ̱𣬲ܲٷ£
꺮ҧ常˵ǣֶҲɴڿͤʹҶСһû٣ˣ
ȻôͶˣҪΪ̱ҪżҲٳ£ͱڼҡڿͤҶС죬λ˾ͷˣضżҵľûᣬҪͩû£˾ͷˣżң
꺮ֶףɵ̲ʬδҶС컹ң⣬ֶ
ս֣۾Ҫ̣С̣ҴıҶСѺڴڲӣ㼱ôΪ̱żҲۣ͵ȫԸȶڿͤ
꺮׵ǣֶˣ
꺮նҶС죬ȴ쾹ҪЧ¹нԼΪءһòÿ˶ôϵһƬ֦ҶƤ֮棬ëɸ꺮ҲеĵԻصУ񣬿ʼ˼Щ˾ȡ
꺮߻ţ˷ɱ룺ᣬҶСˣ
꺮͵ŭӵص˵ʲô½䱸ɭϣôˣ
˿ڼͻȻҪҶС죬µʵڲΥֻ֣ߡΪԷһµȾҶСɮ棬Ƭ̲롣
˭ϣŵţɮͻȻһҵæ룬ͼһأڼݱ裬ҶС졭ˡ
˵
꺮ס죬˵סɮᣬҶСѣ
˲µҲǰ˼⣬Ŵ𣬷ǽڡ桭ɮǶѱˣ涼ùްҶСȴƾʧˡ
꺮ûڿͤأѾˣ
˵ûУڼݻԲѣסΪΡµȾҶСӵΣסǴɮᣬص÷겻͸
꺮һƿˣ֪ͨҸȥ£ұ


46 
꺮ϵ£ֱԺ˷ԺһȻԺԺ鲼أɳıһʣң䱸ɭϣɱڡ
꺮ҴҴңͼıڿտգΨѩ׵ǽдһ޴ġֶ֡һһŰţϻһ裬ԵĵһѼ͡
ʱһɮ˫ֺʲŲתһˣͷһֻڿͤһ꺮ɮٲǰʲһ񣬵ӷļʩ
꺮ϵɮǴµķɰպУ꺮ûдֻǳڿͤ԰պеʦڼôˣ
պаüһ壬ʩ֪ιʻԲѣ̽㶼ƽȣûд󰭵ġ
꺮սһڿͤȻһԲѵģһ´һ侲ңҿɽǽֻȴ涼ǽڣֻһƵĴԿˡ
꺮˳£һ̧ͷһⴱɮΪǷɾӴﻹһȴ۱ϵķСöĲˣҲʹټܼߣͬһ
ҽСûӣûȥȥϱҲûв֮״微װΣûкͳг˾ȥܲĶأǻˡ
һ꺮ĴǱŵϴչᣬ¶ˣǽڶʵĵģҲǡ
꺮תתһָ棬ô
˴⡭
꺮Ὺ
ʦüõصʩѵ㻳Ļӷô
꺮ЦʦǳˣӦ£ĳҲ뻳ɴʦؾҶСȴˣϡ档ҾͲţҶСܲˡ˵ֻòһˡ
ڼҵԱߣδѣ˼ֲҪǵ˾ȴҲֹǰ˯ϱߵڿͤŲһߡ
Ľ߹ȥţǽ´жϵǷʵأжѨںߵĵ£ôĶţҲοжѨҲҪڣǼһһ塣
ڿͤϣƺǳصĽŲˣƺһȻ꺮һһˣϳɷصڼݣҶС챻صĶȥˣ
ҶС죿ոſ˫۵ڿͤɻظһ䣬غȻҶС첻ˣҡôˣ
꺮ЦصڼݾͲҪװģ˰ɣѵҶС첻Ǳߵô
ڿͤ־ŭصȻң
꺮ĴΪͻȻش£
ڿͤصһۣ֪Բɱְ֪̯ǸģȴɱʰΪʵǿſڿӵģҶƹԵն࣬ʸװɣѵдʵ۵¿ʵ
꺮ֻõ㣬ҶСʧѵܡ˵ͷش˽һۿ꺮ϴеҶСˣ
꺮һۣڿͤ˰°ͣص
ڿͤɫƵصڼݣΪηҶС죿
ҵĵλԶżңڿͤû꺮һˣʻڿͤصˣɱӵĿɲǱ٣òų屾ٺ˶ӣ鲻ãٿ£ҲҪôߡ
˵ڿͤͻһļðϵĲ豭͵һڿͤȵ˭ĵӣҶԱûйأ
ڿͤײһɫʵˡһ𣬵ʱûƢڵصڼݣ㡭㱳塢ҶС죬ѵҪѹҲɣ
ڿͤ˸۶Ц˭˵ҷҶС죿
㻹˭
ڿͤ꺮һۣصǼ㶼֪˰ɣǲһپҪ˵һأ
ڿͤȣ豭ñǶĨĨˮȻˣ˵գ
꺮۵λԶڿͤʵżòҲڼңڿͤһףҲް취ֲϺڿͤһȥֻվǶ۵С۵ؿš
һʱ䣬е澲ˣֻ΢ĲյĥͰմʦ˵Ķġ
ֵ˴ԼյĹҵ̸ϵڿͤŵٻظдʵ۳飬ֻһЩԲ˵ĵطҶС⡣£ҶС죬дҲ䣬ңԵɡ
ڿͤһ٣ֵȻΪʵʵ˵Ҳ֤Ŀʵʵۼǵ£ܻҪԱʵģֻǵһ֮ǣЩطʵҲΣ򷴶Ūɳ׾
ڿͤҶС˵óϿң㿶´ʣʹֶĿŮ´һŮǺŮǵҪ͢˰ģӦܳ͢ıݴдֶ̣ȫϺɷ
֮ҪִٴȵֶһΪͭʲƴ˷һɲƣʱᱻ跨ȳһѲ⣬ǰѾ£ǧգȺ֮£ּڷŭ䣬Ҫնˣƽߣ
ڿͤһŵҶ˵Ļδ̹׵ؽҲΣֶУĳҲĺܣڿͤô˵ü˸˵ʵˡ
⸸ȲصݴˣЩǲֻۣ֪ҶС쾿ʧˣ
ڿͤͻȻЩŹĬƬ̣Щص˵Ҷƹ٣˾ȨǧɣΪƽϢ˾֮ŭҲһ㣬׼
仰˵꣬ͻȻһƮƮҶϴƵģЦ˵ٶʵɰȴһ֮ģ˺ù٣ܾôˣҿտնȻˣͲֲ漴ұǰһڣʱͿǰˡ
꺮⻰ĹǶ˵ıҲȾޱ棬ǡǴδʲôûУѹû˵ʲô˵Ĺ£һͷǡܾúܾǰڿͤȻһ
꺮ڿͤݴˣ˵ôĹ£ǻô
ڿ̯ͤ˫ֵŻУʵˡȻôĿأ˵ҶСΪβɣ
ԣ˰Σ꺮ݺݵض԰պеմʦҪ˷ʧ٣˵ãҪúһԺˣ
պкʲһţӷ𣡡漴Ŀ꺮Ҳϻתߣ꺮Ժ¿ָеĴŵǷ
õ϶Ĵ𸴺꺮ֺȵҽȥѣ꺮ŵһӭһĲСɳ㣬Ǵ¶Ȼɫ
꺮ȻЩ鲻Ը˵˫ֺʲһĬˡҪӷ֪٣Ҫһ⴦ⲻ棬ҷȱ¡
꺮ȻպУǶĴ澴ηģԽȨǮ˼ңԴԽ⣬УҲԸðգȻҪˡ
꺮Űһӣȵѣγȳշ׷˷ֻܳ̾һ˫ֺʲվڷǰĬĬֹ̾
ҲѧһһŸ꺮ȥᡢ񡢷±ߵǶһһûзŹһǽں͵Ҳһһô򣬷ֹеضбڣȴ޷֡
ھڣڿͤ˫ϥϣߺһ˿΢Ц꼻šҶСվǽߣؿҶС챳Ƿ޴ġ֡
Ůˣ塢ᣬ˽壬嶯侲˼ɡЩ͸ˡ


47 Ů˾ֶ
ҶСҪٲڿͤڿͤͷһۣ鶯·֦ͷһֻȸ˳ʳָҶСһ㣬ҶСһЦֹ꺮ˡèèʵҲŵúܡ
ɾӴⷭ˸׳죬ûҶСټ꺮ģְѾԼСɳǵסȫˣûҶСӰ
վͥԺУܣ⸸ɹصĪиȥԷɽɱ˵˵ţӣִ˵䷸ȫƾһϲȻҶСĹ٣ɱ˶ԼɱĲźá
꺮ûصһۣ˵֮治УƫͲʲôǡǡ·˵أִǸ쵰
üǣʲôԵʣˣǿһˣôƾʧˣҷûаأʵڹĺܡ
꺮룬ŵ׷ʵʱȾԺǰǰûһ©
ϵصûУڷҵȳȥʱҲֻǰһȺˣԭأҲûһɽĿҲûˣ꺮üͷ˼Σ벻ͨе
ʱصܵ˺ܲܲЩĸŶܲԼļҲںɣļȫץ¶棡
һ仰ʱ꺮꺮ȻȥҶңһ򾡣
£꺮ʹӴ³˴֣ԺǰִڿͤڵľңڼҲ裬˽ȥ
꺮ڿͤڴˣ˵㲻ɣȴǲţʣĳˣ֮ǰ㽫żҼһ£³Թһ죡
ڿͤв⣬һЦᾡܷĳкξգ˵վߡ꺮ʶʵȥ
ڿͤؿһۣȻɫٻظЪϢȥôҲҪ㱨ᣬ㲻ǰĳ˵˰ɣңڿͤҡڵߵԺУ˿Ҳʹм䰺׶󣬳˷Ժ
ڿͤߵߵСɳ֣꺮Ҳһһ鿴ģҲҶСһ۵ɳ֣վǰȴˣŪһºڡЧ
Ѽûκη֣ʱڿͤٲһߣĿ֮¸˳ȥֵɴ۾ϸһ飬͡òûһҶС죬ڿͤҶСӤؽĶӣǾܴߵˡ
꺮ڿͤıӰֱʧԺſڣŲĵֳǼ侲ңû䣬վµһСɳֱһȽ»أ꺮ңǶдž޴ֵǽڸոص棬ҶСʧˡ
꺮յķ䣬޺޵һţ˳ʱӿгʿѾվһԺӣ˸߳ѣյһƬͨ꺮Ҳ˵һӣȵߣ
һԸܲ¼ߣϲ˵ȣᣬȥſ첽׷꺮ƺƵ˴£ֱɽҶ

һĶѨУ֪ͨڶȻʮˣȻ˿ơعﵽҮߣ䲻̫ϼһҶҾʲôϵȴóʲôҲҶС첻ڣȻҪ
ҮС˵ĵĲƭǽض׽ɣ
ʱһ죬үӣ⵹ͭʸǵ£Ҫץǣһӱӣ˷¡ңҶˣһɽϣһˮߣΧζǲװŷġ
İǴһ˽Ц߹λصģĳڴĸǣĳͲԼΪˡƭǣĳҪꡣ
شӭȥˣҵȲǻڼݵĳ⣬ֻЩ棬ڼΪҪϧλȨҲȫҼҴأ
İ΢ЦҪ˵Ǽߣʦүǲŵġʵʵ˵ɣҼҴ֪ͭʵһѽΣһս꺮֪ĸղҶƹ٣˫Ҫ˵ֻʱ⡣˵ĵ˾ǵѣղҶˣ˭Ҽ˾أҡ
İЦЦҶ˵ĵ͵ԣҼҴĺͣѣֵýύ

ͷʮ֮ϣ꺮һͷ˵ǣ׺Ĺˣ˶ɡҶҾȻˣտյһ˶ûУѱȫҲδһˡʱһҴҸˣʹˣƻʱҶͻȻһȺˣֻȥ֪١
ϣ
꺮ǵģҲ˻ǣ׷
ǹ㣬ɢҵݳҶһ׷ȥ

ضУİοݵģҼҴ˵ҪˣһõҶƹٶᰲȻġ
ݴʱҲֻİĻ̧ͷʵǽڣĵصץǣ
İ᲻ĳҲȷԷһˡȻȳҶˣȴżҿסҶβصס
Ү̧ͷصĶǻ᲻ߣֶߣ
صضأҲڵλã߳ҲֲˡѧѰǣǲ뵽ǻڸеġ
ǰЩˣػٶȼҮж˵ԼһЩˣͶͭʶӡʱİţ˵ڼݵĽɣ˼ҶƹԳ֣жܣؾҮЩˡһ
Щ˹ݺҶ޹Ҵǰ֪ǵĴڡؽǳҹɫҶȥҴұϳǣ춯ע⣬ȻΪɢȥԴ֮С
꺮Ȼмƣһֱ׷ϳǣҲûѵҶˣ;ջᶼѹˣǳͷҲûƻ֮˳š
꺮վڳͷǵƻãȻ֪룬طֹһƬҫҹգǴ£꺮ɲԶͻһɱоһ֧ѣҹɫп·һֻɴܵө
˵˳±㱻סƬ֮һ˴Ҵϳ¥һ꺮˱ǰ̡߲򵹣ᣬ󡭡²ãͻȻһӺϮ£ɮᣬѺȫˣصˡ˲أ
ʲô
꺮ǰһڣӳͷһȥ
ԣٿ·򣺡£˲֣ۣҵһֱڱǣűߣ˭ֶΣ¡ҹɫУ·ֻĺǣΪ֮ĺ

ڸ¥ϣڿͤԶţ´ƮƮԱվһߣĲ֣Ǽܴܺͬݻһ㣬ԼΪ뺷
Ҫܳ͢뷷⣬֪֪ͬرȡܵ뷷ԼϽڿֻ䲿ڲĹ٣簢կȡ
߾ϲļڿͤڻڿͤ壬ڻȴԶ壬岻ãȴѼҪְίθԶ壬ͺѰζˡ
ԶϿգܴ·һ֧޴Ļ棬ȻյĲԺ֪͵ɮһطȴӳ˰ҹա
ڻüͷһʱ²㶯ֽţҶС칫¶ʱҲףʱ¶˴ºǵĹϵ˫ƱҲҪӶңѵʿΪӦʱ֮裬ΪҶСãֵ𣿡
ڿͤЦż˵һֶĵλ᣿вżҵĵλû׮£ҪԣңΪҶС죬ٴҲֵã
˵ţһ˼¥ڿֵͤ˾үҶƹѱǳҴˣ
ڿͤȻ
Ƭ̹һͷСɳֻϽڿͤڿЦһεСУҶǲ٣ȥ֪ɮµҲǼõģ


48 
꺮˴ӴһߣҶСͱ˴ҴҸ˸ͷɮ׼ڿͤѵʿ͵ˣһͨϮɱݻ
꺮û뵽ҶСѾˣ˼һǰĿڴУڿͤġɽ֮ƣʱشµѾˣڿͤʿдµɮ˰ϣ˳˳һѻѿˣһңҶСͻھȻСɳгұ£ɽӦ˵Ĵ֣űȻͽڸ
ڿͤȤҶСԼĹͷʲЦһ񣬵֪ŮʩҪԵػǰ̣µһġ
ڿͤ̾Ůҵǰ̣ɲԵôʲô𣿡
ҶСҡͷǶͨŮҶԣʩݿǴزȻ
ڿͤɬȻŮ˾ŮΪʲôҪһŮأվŮб𡣡
ڻˣЩĿΪ˾ŮӣδλʱͱɣһɻǿŮݣȴԼŮ٩٩̸ء
ҶС쵭һЦ˵ЦҲͰˣڿɲǾڿͤŮϸ۵ʱڿͤڼ֮Ҷĳͷǲͼˣ˵ѵõݴ˵ưã
ڿͤЦݣȻҶƹپܷģĲѱ˾ȳаˡļˣҲھ԰ȫĵطߣȥϸ˵
ڿͤҶС¥뻨⻨һһǡһһΣΪľƳɣǶĻװΣȫԭɫᣬľϱɫݶ
ҶС£˷ϲˮ֮ǰãʱˮǡڡҶСһڲ裬ڿͤһۣڿͤĿ⣬ʵҶƹкλ˵
ҶСݴֶ˵áǴڵĻأҶĳʵ󲻵Ҷĳڴʱݴ˾ڲ߻֮˰ɣ
ʵڿͤʱûʲô뷨ʱûΪҶС죬ҡҺҳżҵ˼ֻҲҶС첻׵ԼϣȻѡ˴⴦ʩӰͿƵڡ
ҶС첢һ㣬Ҵӱɮ¶ڿͤȫϺɮɾ˼ĻذӦڿͤѡ˴ʱѱŴȵ˼ҶСдһʡ
ڿͤȻ̹ԼΪкøУȴҲûȫȵ˼˳ˮ۵ҶƹٵΪ塣ңĶͷżңҿνͬ飬ĳвԮֵĵ˵ǴڵĻء
ڿͤ˰׵ָϸ״ɵĲյȻºڼҴԨԴﵱ귭ɮʱҼһ״ǮֻǲΪ֪ˡ˵ذֻΪҴСͶܸǹϰʹȻ
ڿͤü΢΢ֳȻɫƽصɷһҶС쿴Уʣȴ룺кŵΪѣλŮ˾Ů֮ͳһټļ壬Ҳ಻Ϊ˵Ŀˡ
оĬƬ̣ҶСһ˵Ҷĳ巽Ȩն֮Υ͢ȣΨһĳ·ֻһ֮ɼݴȴ˵Ҫƹְ֪֮ݴ㣿
ڿͤüͷһǰȻһɨգӢصϲФࡣĳȰũƶ϶ϱ٣ˣΣҪΪصҶƹ٣Ǵ֮ˣ
ڿͤĿȵؿҶС죬ߣ֮ԽֹаȺ̰Ȼбηʹ߲Թ߲ޣĳͭʵĹؼһԣĹԱҪͶĪ
ʵûҶƹٽյľٶЩ£ҲҪЩȨơбʵȨǳ׾ѵģȻˣҶƹٵҪҶƹٵĹ٣ҵȻҲҪҪһ㣬Ψһѡ񣬾ֻӲӲˣ
ڿͤǰԸ֪ʱһϵоٴ룬Ѿ¶Ұģʱտڲ̸һζҶСʩ˵ԼȫǼ߲ųȡ
ƣͬͬģͬͬ־ԣ뽻ѣҲͬ־ʵͬ־ͬģڿͤɴȡҶС죬ΪԼı
ҶСüͷһ壬ĵصӲӲ
ڿͤȻڴ£ǵĿ֮£Ҳģһǰº֣վտֻܾȴִ٣»׼סҵĸһ󡣵ҵͭʾƣ㹫¶棬ʱ˭㷢ѣˣ
ҶС쵣ĵصݴǰȻʤ֪һ֣ȴֻ֪żҵʵûӰ죬̸ϾԵƣŲסǵĻ˫Ҫսˡ
ڿͤѪеȡżң̸סҪΪҪѪģĳԴԤϡҪսǱսҲսˣ
ڿͤ˵ôȻȴ룺Ҫ϶źãҳ˿Ϊ裬ֻҪܰӴ˰ϣҲֵˡܳɽ磬ͭʸҪǿʱĳкξա
ҶСڿĴЩ𾪣ͬʱҲЩжصΪҶսˣҶĳʵңݴѹλȨ󣬳ָ͢νأ
ڿͤݸһ˾ҵͷ˱һҪԵΪΪ죬ұвϲͬģѵӾԸۺĴ󳼣
꺮Ȩ޼ɵشɷӱȻֻڹأѼϳ͡ҶƹٰӣϳҶ٣ά˳͢ȣֻҪܸ͢һ̨£ѵӻᶨҪ֮
ֻҪܵѹȨ󣬽ǲ£ǱߣΪŭԹȺ鼤ߣֽΪɣҶƹٻȨ䣬ȫ֧֣ΪƽϢߣϴﷸ͢Ǳ߿ɱ
ҶС˵һеһУؼҪλȨ֣һڼҪͳܵĿ̫ࡢ̫ˡ
ڿͤȻ֮ڣǧ֮ӣ
һŮңɤö仰˵ȴǿнʯ֮صУҶСڿͤȻ𾴣̲ס֣һҾҶĳԸ˹ˣ
ڿͤæ󣬵Ҷƹˣȴ룺ߣ˵ĺΪλ˵֪Ҳãʧʧ²򺦳ɡôϲ
ʱſڳһڿͤ˾ˣ֪ͬã
绪ҹڸҶСһ֪ӦΪ˽ⷬҶڿͤҶСû㰲סЪϢһ°ɣģֻҪڸ;԰ȫ
ҶСлڻ뿪Ƭ֮󣬴绪ܻ˽Ϊʲô⾿Ϊʲôڼݣǲ˵òҶСôôܳأܲܺúúˣ


49 ǧһ
ڿͤʱã˴绪ɧ˿Ϊ衣Цص֪ͬ
绪ߺߵһƨϣڿͤݣɲҪ˵ûйϵܸټ̡ϸĪ̵ģͭʸͲеڶˣ
ڿͤϣֻ΢Ц绪գգ۵ΪʲôҪأ£ġ
绪СеЦ⣬Ȼ侲λѿɾһģȻһɣĪôĳɣ˵ƺֶΣ
֪̲ͬסݴ˵ģĪǱ飿
ڿͤЦص
绪ڿͤ͡ڿͤĨŲĭȻص֪ͬλҶƹ٣һصݡ֪ʲôˣǺǣʮɽǸعƽ̵Ľ
绪Ҳ֪ƽ̵Ĵڣƽʱƽ̣˼άһ£йعƽ̵һϵϢһԺƽ̽ƽ̡ţ
绪ȻŴ۾𾪵صƽ̽˵ҶСǹƽ̽Ե棿
ڿͤЦص棡Ҫ棡
绪Ȼôܣǹƽ̽úΨҶɽܵͭʸʲôƹ٣
ڿͤЩ£ҲܺĺءивͻأسϪԭҲ˷ѽ⡣Ҳ֪ƽһĹؾǲ粿ɽ֪ˣвͻȻɽȻΪǵҶͭ٣
绪üҶС죬ݣ٣ʲô
ڿͤһ㣬Ҳ֪أҲ֮ܲҪĽˡ
绪ŪҶСݣҲڿͤ⣬뵽ƽ̺͹ƽµʮ磬绪ͷʱҲһȡ
ڿͤȻҰĸ󡢾ҲԶӦ˵㲻ãҶСֵȡǿô
ڿͤϤҶСʱʶϲµĹƽ̽ЩԶɽɽȲϤҲûɽв䣬ԶȲǸΨͼ͸ױá
ߵʮɽ֮Զڲݵ˭İ󣬲붼֪ܼᶨվһߣ˾үӣʸˣ
绪ҶС𾪲ѣڿͤ仰ȴˣ֪ͬʧѵݴ˴벥ݵˣ
ڿͤĴ΢΢һ̳һȵĻߣź۲⶯ˣҶС죬ҪӦã

ͭʳҶС캷Ȼն٣ΧڿͤյӦţϤҶСݣʩչֶɾҶС졢ҹϮ¡ҶҾʱżҵıҲں͸вսˡ
ϪڼҾܲ¹ȹҸԹֻۣϪżȫϼġᡱϱԼǧˣٸոɽկĸв
ٶҪʲɽ˳Ϫ˾أһڻؾʱվڴľļ¥ϣɽµǲʿԴ
Ϫ˾ǧγ֧ļʸ״ɽկǸǰһǧΪ󱸾һǧټ׾βǧϪٱ棬ǵǶսǧϪսͻ
ⳡ̴һʼʹǱɽկΧľѱһգЩľĻɽկܲΪһЩľΪڻƽɽկ͵ϮЩľڣǵٸױ֡
ͬʱɽկΧľŨܣһҪùľɽկ˿˿ܣɽկûţҪ֮һ棿
һټ׾ҲûûĿܡʵټ׾ĹϪΪЩľڣҲı򷨣ټ׾Ա𹥵ĵش
ǣľ䱻ˣò˻𹥣ڼϥҰݴȴʹóϡЩϲǹƳ棬ƳȴѣսϣȻһĶҲԶʿɼˡ
ɽǳסɽҪǿ˷ҪһǸֳ϶ߵϮɽкĲҩЩ࣬ɽȴûⷽơ
կǰݴбɽץ˴Ķ棬ЩߡϱѶȻд󲿷ֳϲһҧˣҪôصʹ̣Ҫô˻ԣϳ߿һϺͶ߸ǻ˷񷴻żҾ̤ɽկٲΧ֮ڣһ˱ҧˡ
żҾΪ˷ЩϣСرƽڵһ֮ʱѾ˴;ʱδսǾѼԱʮˣŪʿԡ
ţһ淢ѹɽկһѸɽկƽȥǻûʮͻŨ̹Ũ̿ɲͨҰݺľȼնɣм˴ɽвߢĲҩ
Ũ̹̱ǣϪ˾ʿ죬᲻ֹ޷ɽկʵʩЧԶ̴ˡҲ˵ǹŨڵǵߣŨжѬǿ磬ֻƬ̹ͽ˫Ŀҡ
ս״ȼŨ̵ķɱȥҰͶģŻֻˣһǾһӽ֣ﻹץõ
Ϊ˶Ụ̃ʿֻڵأһֺЩ涾˸ܽӴЩ涾ϱѬûĴܣڵصʿܵϰܵǸĹ
ȵڼѵس嵽ɽկǰʱҧʧȥսѾﵽٶˣʱɽկؾһδء
սڿʼˣկŴ󿪣կʿźţǹХһʱĶսֺ֮Хȥŵڶɽֳ˳
ǵķϪ˾ٱӪֻԳ嵽һߵĹٱһʱǵʼշӱ״̬֧ʱǱɽկϢɵڶ
˷ֻʼԳͶսһûıˣʱѱ紵ˣѾѬʺʹ˫ۺףսΪ
ʿǱҧʹѵĴЩɽ棬־ʢĲʿȣȻռƣսȴԶֱټ׾Լ⡣
ټ׾ս;ͶҪǿϪ˾ٱһֱЩڻҵĺ棬ܵ١ɽկʿװֱǼvĶ࣬ԵͶսɽկʿʼӴ󡣸м״ձɽկʼз
ټ׾ܸɽկԴϢ֮ϱϪ˾ٱͷ󣬳䵱ڻҹɽկɽկդǽôľƳɣ߽˱ͨȻռݵĵظǽĳǳ˵ʵҪù˵Ķࡣ
Ϫ˾ٱһýսʮΪһ飬ӹסդס󣬾ͿԷ⳶һβУκЩľդҲܱϻ򳶵
ֻ֮УկǽߵĲʿ޼ɵطʸкܶʿˣⳡһʱһѾﵽٶˡ
ǵҽ£ɽկڵؾҲǾƣ̬ƽΣϲϹͶȫ󱸾ܹս¡¡УͷսǰߣŴصеɽկȥ


50 ٳ
֮ǰҵսɽկеҲڼӴټģѾǰϡļ޷ԻסҪͷսɱͷȻͻƵ˽ǰ
ͷսŴصĴȷǰȥդǽĳ´ݿ㱻ݻˣٱǽսźųɽկվڸߴָӵĸ׸կһկǽͻƣձսʿկȴ
ıȫɽկ͸вչսⲫʱԶͻȻչź죬·սʿХԾţһȺĺ˹סĺ·
ڻϤ֪ҪǵϢѾڵһʱ˻㱨λϷĽǣ֧ԮǶҶСٳͲɽ̬ȱͲ̫ɽʧü˷Գɽ
ڻѹ£ıܻ˵ǻ۲ϷչԮʧܺ󣬸뵽˽˹ϵһѺõвϵеĲȺɱ
ɳʿǱаɽկ֮ɽУ˹ؼʱ̣ǷشãͶ󱸾עһĽҪͷȻ˹ٱĺ
żҵıھкȷԷֻټ֧ͣսٱʱŴҡկĸм״û˷
ɽӦϣıսսתֱ¡ƲϽͻΧɽȥӻرվȽŸµʱˡмһǧϡ
һս֮ﵽ֮һѾһҰܣ˵лǧˣɽϵ缴ԮһҲֻǧˣȥⳡսеҲһǧˣռݾԵƣʿȴԵ˼㡣
̶ȸߵǾ˸ҰʱԽҰ˵սԽǿټΪ˽ԶﴫĴţɽ˵ս͸Ϊؿˡ
³˰̣µıѾս⣬ѲıӪۼʿ޾ɡͷɥ֪ⳡûٴȥˣϪ˾żҴͷʧҲѾսսϪżҲᷴԣΣֻòֻ˱
Ϣͭʺ󣬶˵ڵͷһʤһͭ˾ҫһżҵ뾹ܵҡս͵ôͭʵıȥʱȴյڼҺʹͭʸϢ
˵һֱΪڼҲǿоȡżҵͳελڼҺʹͭʸһΣյѶţܲΪԼжϱ˰Σڲˡ
ңϪһսҰܣ˭Ҳ޷֤ȻԮ᲻ỹԮԴԴϵؼϵżҵļҵȫϪĹ⣬Ҳõڼҳˣֻ֪ܹλ
мڴˣӱùġ֮ǰĵҪϳɽ磬Ұܣ·˾ͭʵѾϤϢʹڶʣ޼ƱصȻ޴档
ףϢҲףѽȬּԴˡһһ߲Ϊز£ȻϪĲҰܾ޷ʱӦˡ

ͭ˼ء˼Ͼͭʱϣšǰ֪Ȼƣһ֮ûģˡ⣬˼ػһ˼ңͬѹǾϡ
ϷǱϣǰĴеϡ˾˼ҵ˼ϣ峯ʶǭģϣʱɽǨתǭġ
Ȼ˼ԶϮ˾һ磬ڵҲĹٻ˼ˡμμĴӶǾˣϴκ֪أﹱκϹ¸ƹ٣ֻЧ̷ڸϥ¡
Ļμĸ桢桢ҲͨС͡ƹһĹٶ游Ϊ˵ãĴʹ㶫ʹλ˳ˡ
Ժյļ˼أ˶Ҳù߷֣֡˼ϵһˣӦûʲôΪλ˻硢ŪүӷգɴʱμүȴʹƵһᡣ
ףҲţ״˺αطء
Чۼһһź룬ϡĺӸûˣ̲סڿο
μһۣѵųʧ꼰ĵڼҺʹͱ˼أһսңôܲǣ
ЧϴãֻΨΨ˵ˡ
μźΣڼҺʹұٳ£żҵټ׾Ҳǻ񣬵һãսұ︮ߣһսң³ΨԶԶ֮Ϊϲߣ
μѶתЧȥ׼٣һϷǰ˳Ǳȥ˼һղˣǾһղˣ
˹ųǰҲ˼ݰ˾ܣΪؾ˼羰ֲڹݣǸӱսҵľڣүѡ
ЧæӦţһ̶˳ȥμߵ£ĿԶҪͶȥգϷɲˣ
˼ڣڼͱ֮أڼλ˴λᣬתСλᶼڿͤ常һһڼҺ
ڼҺ㬵صСŮӾ֪֣Ϊһûôƹ٣ͶڼҵӵܱһϹͷܵ治ôġ
ΪԼһ裬һţһ߻صСŮ޶ɲôţôֵûٸ⣬ʱѵ
һ˾ûжӣֻôһŮ̳˴λԴˣڿͤλ常ΪǵûеӴ۶ֶŮĽɽֻǱܵƲŮˣԸһŮӼԦ
ԣڿͤλʱǾͲϵظеѣڿͤûӦԣԺ͵ǣĻȻ˾ȴ˾Ҳ֮ˡ
СѾͷȴǸĽɫÿÿɫܽõ⣬ڿͤһζ֪һƯġƹڼ־Ǿ͸ӲСδ˫ʮ껪ֶŮˡ
ҲֻڼҺ³çڿͤǰڳ׶˼ȵˣѾֶŮ˾ǰưˡ
һΣڿͤûλ常شľλ常פ˼ϣǰһҪڿͤһĽǲſжһȻڿ̫ͤʣǴˡ
ڼҺص˵϶ѾˣҲҪôѾͷΪ˾ʱֵܾͲϵظǶɺãˣҪͷˣ
ȻԴӳ˱ѾͷʢѾеѹסˡһʧǾаһֵĻᣬɹˣǽ벻ɣһᣬҲǵһᣬգ


51 
ɽϣᳵꤶСɽ·ɽˮ㣬¥ӰӰ´µں˰Դֺ֮Уʫ续
ͣˣһƣҶС߳һͭý±÷һ಼ȵĿӣһ˫׵Ьͷһ಼סǿĹͷһܱµСӡ
ҶС³ԯĿĹˣɽկ⾡۵סʱڿͤҲǰ߳Цӯӯӭ
ҶСڸϳʼδڿͤʱէһƷէɾһɽկ⣬֮У⻹ͷһؿڿͤŮҴ硣
ڿͤͷһ̻ȹŻߣһȾİȹֻϥ䴦ˮװ磬ȹ¶۹¡Сȣʮˡ
Ůӣͭʵǵһ塣Ǻ˸ĳƺǰǱΪĻϪǶԵͳƣ硢͵Ҳڡ
ǨӸõصĽ࣬Ϊֲͬ壬Ŷǽϸ֣ǳΪңǱǨӸõصĺΪͼҡڣԳΪȿġ
Դ˵һ˵ǰ˺ᣬ˵ĩʱӽǨİչĺᣬ˵Ǻ߽ʿŮӵĺʵ常ϵѪͳҪǰ̩ѪϵҲūʱǼص壬ԽҲǵһҪɲ֡
ŮӻһҪ־ͷζѾΪٸװҲŮʱһԵñȽϳзϡڿͤδŮȻҪŮ磬Ů崿֮⣬ġ
ݴˡǡ
ҶС컹ͷһμŮӴ磬ȻЩ̫ӦڿͤȻǲμһҲ˾ݶҲسƺҵĹְڹͺá
ҶСĿڵڹҪμʲô˵Ļ񣿡
ڿͤںͷ˽ռŮ´󽫡һƹ٣ܲܳʧ٣վǹʱ򣬵ʱҪںμŮĻһл⡣
ҶСŻȻ뵽վҪطͭʣ࣬ȻЩšڿͤǰ棬ӯķ·裬յľٶƺû˿ѹ
Щڿͤӽ֮ѾˣҶСٲɽֻееӣȴûһǰӭӣ˾һͷ󣬲ʵͷôӭأ
ڿͤݣҶΰңǰҲ񲻽ŮĺôֻԺؿݳ֣ᣬֻܰĲٰͺá
˵ţߵɽУֻܿһ¥֣ʮƺľסתһӣȻȴ˺öˣǰһդžǺôһͥԺԭľΣؿվģò֡
ڿͤ΢ЦãĻûأûгٵ
һ˵ĵȻû̫䶯ڶؿ֮Уûע⵽ǵرڿͤҶСڼҰſڵһ½ϺȻͥԺһ
ʱý˵Ļǵģڲסǵ۾ͿͿԩףĳĵĳﰡӲŮϳţŻ˿ӡ
ҶСѭȥͼһһľϣһһѵŮϥޣǸһļͷһҲǴ᲻ֹ
ǸųҵŮҵģ㵽żҪСġֻǽϼӵѩټ˪ż˿ɴĻȴҪˮ壬Ƣ֪顣ͭˮֻƣƢҪĹ⡣ﲻҪǰҪСġ
ԽԽģĸŮͷʹޣֱ޳˶һ㣬ԱߵĸŮһҲǴ᲻ֹʱһϸ˴չȥȰο˼䣬̧ͷָ
мҳŮߣмҽŮúãŮҴйɣƭҵżң˼ţ˼Ҷ־򣬴˲ޡýƣɽϵĺƭߡ˵ҵĵţ
ҶСһƿڴӣ޵޷ɢңۺףɤ˻ƣͦһȴһӣ̲סڿͤڹͷǰŮ޸ϲˣⳡϲ£ɱֵּźá
ڿ̲ͤס͡һЦһ˫ˮˮҶƹϧĺأĪֶ֮ģҪŭն٣
ҶСҡҡͷĸ֮ý֮ԡҵ治ã龰˿ʵڲͷ˺ұȥɽµɡ
ڿͤЦصˣŮڡŮᡯʱԼѡĸ棬޵ɾܲ⣿
ҶСǳ˱ߵĻʱָΣԾô
ڿ֪ͤ˵ĹءŮʱޣǶԸĸТ˲һᶼһޣᱻ˱޵£ľܾţӦģҪޣһҪؿޡ
ˣһ˼Һ쵽ʮ첻ȣǮ˼Ҵǰһ¾ͿʼˣԽٽԽǿ޵Ҫ޵γϣʾһ˵ĺ
ԣʮ꿪ʼҪѧϰôޣ޵޽á͡ýˡͷ޳šϽΣǼʲô˶ޣʲô¶ޡ
˵ڿͤطҲްҼʱҾͲǵԼп޹ôء
ҶС죺
ڿͤ͵͵ҶСһۣݳȤɫ
ҶС츴ȻҪһ׼ʱ⣬Ըżȴ׼ԭ׼ôã֮ϵڣֻλѡ飬ڿЧһĸоҲһУƣɵطչš

ֵ˼ϰԷʱڿͤȴȻӡΪʱܷ޵ó硣˵֮¶Ů˼˵һҪĴ£ôΪ˵ǵҲӦ
ʱ֪ͭլһ澵Ĵϣͷһιҩһ齱ߵĶ˵
ͩˣʱϢɶӳӼ
һϽ˿ҩ룬Ȳʵô˵ͭҾ֣ǿɿϳ
ͩЦҡҡͷŭǲôȻʧȥ˼˼صϮͳϽ֮ȨձֻҪǿϳ棬ͭʸĴС˾ɲҲӣǾȻֲһмӣ޷桭
ͩףҲ棬ɵġ
Цʲôɣǳ棬ɲʰͭʾ棬ɨô
ͩ¶ֵصʹ֮Բ棬ΪүǴк
һȻүӣ˵˾үӣ
ͩ˭һүӣ
ƤһүΪҪִ˼䣿ôʲôк
öû˿ͩѰүӵԭ츴һ飬ף˾ڹע˼֮£ͭ󣬲ô򵥡
ƤҶС죬²ֻһô򵥣ˣƹְ֮ڿͤټģɽڼҴȨѵʲôʲôˣҪʲô


52 ѪΪ
Ȫˮرɽ䣬һ鲼̦ɽʯҳһѩ׵˻ԶԶȥ·һƥƮݵɢּ䡣ҶСںӱߣ峺ȪˮϴڿͤЦվһԣСȡ
ҶСովһ˿ݵǰҶСҲף˳ֽӹڿͤɰСȣȱָӯԾţָӨѩ׵һ͸
Ҷƹ٣կĹǻӭأôسȥѵôƯûһô
ڿͤҶСոϴݸȤƬ֮ǰҶСںһƬأʱոϴֱһüĿ㡢ݰ׵ꡣ
ѹ׵ĺڻĨеһʾʽĴӭ׶ӭʱӻп޵޹ùùøᡢ޿簰ϻεһϵеĿϷҪݡ
ʱǰǵϷǵ˽ĿĸӢİɣĴ氮ĽĹͻѹ׻Ĩϣʾ⡣⣬üȥһÿһȵġŮᡱٿͿԳɾһԵˡ
ͬկЩǶʶҶС죬԰һˣΣһӢ˭ϲԷ׷װǵĹ׻ҶСĨҶС˰ǵķͷ
ڿͤں˵껰ϹʱҶСѾĨ˺ڿͤĴȤҶСֻܿЦҡͷصĹﵱĺܡԭûйǰ󵨵ġ
ڿͤЦǹݡ
˵ţѾ̤Ĳݵػص·ϡ·ϣٶʿӭŽһ
ȻЩ˸ŲͬʽɫΣҲʽһ⺷ֲ֮ڷװ治ͳһĲ㣬һȥһɱ֮ȻǾеľ
Щ˶ںֵ̳ʿһʮĺúںʹˣʱȴڵĹһǳսʿųͭʵһʿ
˵ӰȻʹˣꡣ֮ĹݣиӢĵطںɾͲ˵ˣ֮ԱǺġ
мڴˣڿͤŰϪոռŮ󣬾ҪȥͭʡҶСͭʸĹؼʱ̣Ӧһпܵ׼
ҶСλȨ˼ҵĶԹҪְֻ취һְ취óλȨ׷ɱ֮޵ĺôһ־ǿȨѹȣʹλȨȨףҼ׷
˵˾ٻλȨηŭڿͤͲںˡСʱһٺãǰʥ˵ı׼ҪԼͬ˶㲻⣬ͬ˱˵ģҵͶ侮ʯˣ˿ҪøұǿƣſŰա
ںվڶǰǣȺڿͤҶС߹ߣǼҲԵ䡣ںţڣվǶһɽƵĿ˿һЦӡ
ҶСѾйӴֻ֪Ըˣȱ˾ڿͤͬһĮı顣ҶСûжڨֻͷصͷˣ·ɣ
ںͷڿͤһĴȿսųԼƥۿĺǰݺһɽսʿͬʱŲȻֻˣȴһֵǿơ

̣̣꺮ֽһĿкҪ
ŭɶʵ˼֪˵˼
ͩ侲صǼҸ˼Ҳҵ˼֪ɥ֮ʹɱ֮ʲڿ֮ͤȨֺγ̵£ʱҪͱ
ͩͬŭݵ⸸˹֣Ͽҵصڿͤƹ֮٣ǧһֱԱɽеͳɽ֮ûʲôϵ
ҶС챾Ϊξ˭ټΪͭƹٵģڿͤڿͤΪΰͭʣ֮䣬ûʲôϵ
żҺڼҶϾɲˮм仹һˮϣүӺιʶͭʸģϧԳò
ˮɽ֮ңҲڼˣ֣Σвλˮɽλ˾ʱҲɿǾͼıʲô
ͩһ˼⣬ŵЩ²ŪǾ޷ȷڿͤлʲô롣˵֪֪ˣսʤǶǵĵϸȫȻ֪óȻ֣
ͩⷬ꺮侲ֵͩżϪսʧҲ֪ˡżңѾݲٴʧˣʱ̣ܲ
뱨Һγ游׳һڶֻһλᰡһʧܣǾ޷֮Ҽһ빲βһʱͼأ
λͷһѵѹ̣֮γǻ֮֮ΨŭΪᣬŭӣΨΪǣ̣֮䲻̣Ϊͨ
꺮ԡꖲһ̧֣һͷڳϵİͩγһУ߹ȥǷĵڰʺһĨʱѪ罦
ͷҽֻǱýʵãƬ̹򣬾ͲͩĨһѪԼһĨǷģֻ̽ڿͤĵϸϸӻһɱڿͤɱҶС죡
仰˵գͩ˴һƬĿĵĺ졣꺮˳ĬƬ̣һһ߹ȥƬ֮Ǵ϶һƬ׺ݵףһȺ˶ɵ

ͭʸӿȴʲôϢͨоҲֻǴӴﲻͬѰıЩԾ̫컹ûԴ˵һͺûʲô
һ磬ظôŵȴͻȻ֣õĹԱ֮УȻҶС죡ڼݾУ֪ͬңҶƹڼݰ벽ڿͤƷʹá
Żǵʱ㵵Ŵͣһšǰ꺮λȨҶСεҪҪɱǶ˵ҶСѾաôôö֮ػˣ
ڿͤҶС졢绪˵ؽ˴ţںһ·֮ҶƹȻֵۡĪĪ
ڿͤȻͨԺеһվסŲԸ㣬֪ͨƸĹǣиĹԱȫ塢̵ԺμҪã
ǣְŰشӦˣŷӦڼݾȥʲôϽһתæܣܳʶܴ˷æء
ƽĺˮͶһʯҶСڼݡ֪ͬһڸõϢʱһ㵴ʱ䣬¡ǰǰ⣬˲֪˲
û˰İ칫ˣеۡǶĵعͨиķ˽ŵĨ֮͡󼪵׼սӦһ˰ɣ


53 Ů˾ĶϷ
ùԱ͸ơĹ½ԺйȥԼʱ֮˶ˡԱվڴϣվԺѹѹһƬ˶ڽͷӶ˽
֪ͬһֱעŵԱѵ룬վڹԵʦү˵ͷʦүһݡ֪ڴãڴã
䡫
ϵУڿͤһµĹۣ滺˳Ŀбӵߵվһ˫۾ڹԱһɨĿɨڹԱ񱻸ӣˢˢعȥ
ݴˣ
ƽ
ڿͤ˵һ䣬ڹԱˢˢֱĥꡱһ졣
ڿͤһ˫ǰڹһɨ˵ٽõԭȻ˵Ҳ֪ˡҪʧٶյƹҶС죬Ѿˣ
Ȼ֪£ǾڿͤĿһ»ǡ䡱һ죬ɣеĻɫеĽͷӶۡɫ࣬ؿڿ֪ͤŮһġ
ȻɧҵϢƽڿֵͤҶСԻӴʧ٣룬֪ͬˡûҸɵģЩҶƹأĳ˵ĸϣ
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µʱѾһƬǧֻ۷ڹǻ裬ڿͤͻȻץľصһģ˲䴫ãҲһ𣬹ڰ
ڿͤ˾ءͳϮְ⡣ӵоӣ˽˰Է٣ɱ˲ּǡ˵ǲǺ˲𣿡
һ˷˾ɸɱ֮ɱߵļ壬Ҫ˾ʮʮȣҲҪʮԻ赶˵ǲǺܰԵ
˾˼ҵķӿԸߣߣҲֻܸǵݣ˾ȢϱھͲһ˾԰һתáͣ¿ڱ٣в٣ߡ˵ǲǺ磿
˾ȡһλ˾ÿ͢ĲȴٱһһСɣһɣСɼǮɼĶϺ͢Ķʮֹ
һССĿգɥȢǷӣĶѧӦԵһзãӽβ׵ѼƣҲȫṩ
˾˼ӵеȨʹǱȻʵۻҪңˣǵǵѪͺΪȡģǵȣǧǰƬأ˸һݿȥغ͸ϵ
һκŬͿɣǵĸݣ˾ͿΪΪôһŲ·ˮסĻ˰ѧΪơ
ЩŰѪ˾˼ңΪʲôأǴһӵһУӵеһȨΪӦǲǾͿΪΪˣ
˾˼ҿҪסʲô㲢ûз㷸ȴý棡֤˹ݵΪյ£ֻӱƲõȨˣ
ȨǵΪϧǼвФ֮£ü̳УǧټΪ͢ȡġǲǾͿİõȨӻȵĿģ
ҶƹΪһǨͭʵĺˣҪ͢˰Ӧܵ͢ɷıǲ񣬾Ͳ˾ӱƲáλȨ˼ΪȨͲñصĺˣҲͬ
ҲеǷǷǣҶƹɱĶҲáҲգվҵλãһ˾ĽǶȥҶãһ£԰˵һĵĺ£˾˼˵ͬһ£
ѻȸ˶ţֻڿͤڴϻصڴںԼµЩʿǣҲס˺
ڿ̹ͤ׵˵Ҳһԥ룺ҰҶƹ٣᲻Ƕ˾ıѣǲǶԼڵӪıѣ᲻˾˼ҶҲ
ˣ֧Ҷƹ٣Ƕ˾˼ҸĵûнǿլŮĸĸûнΪΪǽģƴΨ˲ܱ֤һпȥ
һ͢ʵðӶԲǻ췴ģǻƷӹĻʵۣһµӣЩ˾Ϊ˵ȨˣҲ췴ģ
ȰϧΪ뾡취·ʲôȣѵӵеȨΪһ䣬ŭİտɲּǵǻ˾Ǻ˾
ǻе˾ɱ⣡ȵѪʳӴ˽Ϊ̣˭֮㣡ЩΪȨ֣ΪΪ޼ɵˣ֧ҶС죬ǵȨǡǡ෴άǵȨ
ͨˣҾȳҶƹ٣ͨˣҰ١ùָ˻ڿͤԼͷ֤İȫ˭ҶƹΪѣǸڿͤΪѣҵĴ˼ϣ˭ֻսǵԵǹǹսһ
ڿͤԽԽǿнʯ֮صС˶ȥٵĸڵطϼȨƣǶ꺮һ˾ԷļڲĹ٣ֻӵг͢ٵݣԳڴϡ
ĬΣٲ߳˰УжʱһţֻһԵ˺ƴսҪʼˣȴߵǰվȻժ¹ñڵأ֪ڼ͢
ڹԱ󻩣û뵽ǰʱˡϷȵڿͤƹ֪ĳ滹Ҫʡ
ڿͤЩʧտ´ʣ˿Ȩ棬Ƕֻ֡ҪǶ֣ڿͤһܡᱻƳͭʳǣ常ûѣ;ĩ·ˡ
ҶСΪһɵŮܼΪֹʱͶ·ֻҪЩֶΣλεذսˣ˭ϡȻˡ
ڿͤüëһֶӣ⡢ҵֶնΪն칫ص鳯͢Ǹɡߣոǰۼ֮ڣһͻἤ䡣Ҷƹٲŵϣ£ݿԣҲҪġԸ뱾裿
ڹԱĵҲ̫۸˰ɣɱ˼ҵֶ˵ɱöҲͰˣҪ˼Լ׿ڳɱöԣлӦż뵽ոֽ
֮ںҲ߬˸ֵķӳڱκͼϣԵĲ⡣ؽҧͻͻҲ
֮һ׵¹ԸӦˣȻٶˣԱǿٿڿͤĿѾ壬Ǽȵĳݡ
ڿͤҲû뵽Ӧôɴ࣬ʱٽһĻǿеѹˡڿֻܼͤþգЦҶƹ٣ɣ
ӰһҶС˳һƷۣ˹һ֣΢ЦصλˣΥˣ


54 ڿ
ҶСʧ٣ָֻſȸ񡣻ɺͽСλԺﻭȦȦҲ֪˭±֪ŵҪſڶ
֮ǰҶС찲ȥȫǵ迣ǹϵȫ˵ĸûΪҶСʧٶֹͣеֻҲǰˡ
ֻ˾ܵӰ첻٣ʲôʱҪģżϵˣҶСֻ̨кôûлЩҲȫ򡱣мѾزپҵСȥˡ
ҶСͻȻڸõϢڸѸٴ̼ʹȫǡ˽ϿˮĸߴѶ֮ѾӾܣһӻܻѾߵֻʣ°ӡ
ãû̫٣ƹүûԺأߴϲɫϽغӣԺӻɩӷưˮ棬ƽʱ֪ĸĲӽһˮܵǰŶ
Σ޻ӭҶƹٹġҲã¿ҲգֻڵʱЩ˲дڸУϣл·
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ŽŶվԺſĲԶԶľͼҶСڻƷɡءѭ졢ëĴյ֮ͬ¾ȻЩʧֻÿһŷ˳ֻ񱻲ס˲ӵĸѼ˻Ƶĺܡ
ԺʱһɧңɡСס±ǰں󣬲վƹүĹ
ҶСصͭʵģ˷ڿͤŰءѭǼ档ѭ졢Ʒǲ벻ҶС֮⣬״ȻҲûȥҶСССһء
ֵ⾪ϲҹ˾ҶСһסڸһáѾڷҶСתĸ˱˹
Ρμƹү
վſڵۼͨ죬Ͱ͵ضҶС˵һ䡣ҶС΢Цһףٲ
ƹٴˣɻ˰
һУʱ¡һɤӰԱ׼ĽСһͼȥһץסҶСֱۣ֮Ҳֻ߶˱д£¹٣ʳѰ
һԽС׷˷۶ĵ컹˶ͷ⣬һ˶Ժƾš
Դʧ٣¹ټΪһٶϲֵĴӴ˲ٸ˶ǳԭΪٲܼһ棬ط¹ǡǼԱ
ⷬ٣ĳɷеģΪҶС쵣ǡΪԼǰ̷ȴҲģҶСƽµعȷĻϲ
һٶȷ˸۶ĽСʱһҶС쳤Ҿ¹ٽСףӭӭƹٴ˹һ仰˵գˮۿתתֻŬգ˰۾ҲûֳЧԶ绨ԡ
±ҲֵǰҶСǴӹܻģЩҶСʧ٣仹¿ȴҲҪһ迣̽Ҫ£Ը᲻ڹҲײһײһӣӦ
ͻȻ˵Ҷƹڼݺʹ֪ͬͬ³ڸãͻᵽ˲ͬѰζӴ˸Цܻ
ʱһͣƺҶСʧٵʱҶС콻쳣ľġⲻ֪ʱѾͣ˹ΪҶڴ˵ĥ˷衣
ҶСҲǶԼĹ˼ܣвҲ֤Ǻܵĵġ֮飬ŴɽͷͶ֮࣬ǰĹϵҲͻøӣԭҲûָԼô̵ʱЩ˾ͶԼεأ̶ȣѾǼõˡ
ҶСվסŲǺοһ漴ãűǹϣһӵĲ£ҶСоĿá´˹֮ĵһĻپͲ˵ˣһվɣ
ܾ񣬺Ȼ
ҶСֵ뿪գѹȻءȫʾҪһΡŸ桯ܸϣ
ҶС˵ţĿѾͶ֮⼫ԶաдʤϢҵ֪ĿǰһƬãⷬĥѵϴ׳־Ҳ׵ؼˣ

ҶСڿͤѹһͷżȴϢģϢƺѾĬڿͤӴżҵͷˡ
ŸլŴϵһĨ磬ɶӲţƵ԰˰һ޺齣ŴϣشŴʱһѾƮȻ˽
ĳ岡ӭˡ
һλͭʸ÷ˮĳˣ̬Ҳ⹧оηĵģ˵λеУǰҲͲҶ֪ˡ
Цһ񣬲ؼ񣬱Ա¡ӿ˼䣬Сصĳĥѣν겻˴˸Щָ㣿
ҡͷԵ˵һרҵŴɷɷһҲû۾ˡĳ޶ۣ˵ĵ㲦òȻ˿ɷ˵Щ
΢΢һЦӰϿʩ̫֮꣬꣬ʩڸı󣬵˳ƶΪִᷢչ粽еĵزӦΪӪ˼УԲӦ䷽Ϊϲߣ
仰ˣͷ̣ܽܽˣǡĳҪЩʲôԽأ
˵겻ʲôǴԣ粻һһ
ӱΪ˻ûЩǮ볤˾Ȼ˵и϶еˡ
˵̫ߣһ֮񡣷̫˵겻˹ֻν̫ͷ϶ˡʩ겻Ҷ˶˷Żֻ߹꣬ɷ̩ʱ˴ת
Ӻ뵽ǰͬ迣˺󲻾ãַУ㱻ڿͤһŪͷֶԳ۽뵽ⷬ
֪Ȼں޵յָԽ򣬷ŻȻʣĳЩˣнն
֪򳤷⣬һǮöͳ˳ȥ˸ߣ֪ԸȥȥҶС죬迣ͣ˽ټ迣
ͬⲢģ그̫꣬⶯¶Ȼˡת뵽ҶСҪͭʿѧУʱţҺͷܾˣȻҲҪ㵽ͷϣ¾ͲֻǰЩΣѣҪѪ֮ˡ
˵ӵӶǰͩ˳˵ǰʶؾȺɨһۣѾһˣСĿһ˵ͷ
Ĵǲ¶һ˿ܵЦ⣬˵ĺ֪ѾȥˡϾҪмɵݣݷ滹֪飬ǽ͢ϢȴΪͨѾлϤֻҪӼšܶͭʾһֵġ


55 ̣һʱƽ˾
ӻãӻͽϣͲˡƶҰһֻںЩȽڵģֹ
Ӻլ˱ͩ׵ͩδףΪ˵̸ֹͰ̫һλˣ˼ۡͩȻҲˣҲͰĻ档
ҲҪԷģȻʼնûǮͩ˱һݺôһ˵΢Цֹǣ˷ԸСӲҲӡҸСͽϣһʱ޷ݣһСС⣬£
ͩ˵ţһڣаһϻӹһۣ϶ܳȻǼصʲӦ÷ǽлϲȴǸӵƵᣬ׺һ̫Ҿȿ𣡡
ĵǰǰнӹϻӣһһڻͩ򳤷˸˴ܼǳȥյߣС˵ˣ
Ҳѹǰģǰǰ˵ġ
صͷһ̧ͷǡҶСǰ߲߹һ±ҶСϳæһͷ˽ŲǴʱߣŲȴ糣ɲǼ˵ʿ飬˿עĿ
˼˾ٶвɡͬ굥ǹƥȷʵͬǰһװŪı죬Ϊ޷½棬ֻڿƭЩʿ̼֣һȨ֮š
ǣȻ⣬׬Ҳ࣬ǱεؿţȻҲһֱܰǵĿƣûп֮ˣ̺¶˼ҵˣġ
һЩţƺǰˣ֣æǰȥӭҶСͻƷɡأƷɺضһӣܵȻǡ
ͷһҶСӭ˹ȥ
̫𣡡ܵ·ԵҶСţ¿ۣ΢Цҹʩѡǳ֮Ҳ̣մ
ҶСĵʿ࣬ɳ֪ŵĸָֻ΢һϳ˴ˡҶСЦصǮ
Ȼô
ҶСţӸ棬ҪռǮ
ͬʱ̤ǰһŭ󵨣ҶԴԪ㻯һռٳ񣡡
ҶСôĵţͷط˸۶ûǡҶСԷɶУҲԣھԶ֮͡Ҫ˵⼸УԱĵ̻һЩ
ҶСľүμ˰̣£͢ͷҶСʱĸ׶үĹ£Եʿ㲻Ժк󴫽ʿȡ
ڵŵӻã籱İƹۣЩպĵʿҶС첢ܻ䣬һغ̸ֵʿͻģӡĽģѾ˱ܡ
ͭʳǺ绽꣬ڼݡ֪Ȩ󶼶мӣǰٶɫƷȴ¶Գ˷Ȥˡ
΢΢һЦµ£öʩ񣡡
ףҶСͷŪصԵˣԵٻ֮ڡǺǣǣ
װɣóľܹݵθڣûмźҶСʽֻôһ仰ƮȻȥЩ˵ķ緶ҶСıӰҡҡͷĪ˦ȥ
Ҫȥڿͤҵһ粨ǱڿͤǿֶӲѹˣǻҪЩεľˣ˵λȨģ赭д˵˫Сͻ
Щ¾͵ýεַ˵ҶСƹն٣ԽӵȨȻ˵ͭ˾֮乷ҧԼҶСɱ˱ӻҪң˾٣λʵ۵֪ܻܿ͵֣˿ᶯŭڳϣҪѿ˵ⲻϷĳΪϷ󻼡
ȻЩ¶ڿͤһֲٰ죬ҶСȥڿͤȡЩôڿͤоҹ֮ٶдʣһŮƷ
ɲһһΪٷϵŮڸ˰Եõļ⣬ΪʧȥõϷޣҲҪеΣһҲʼհɡ
뿪֪ţݻոͳ˽ôĵӣΪʲôҪڨǸҶƹ٣
ǱƹôһãȻǰԸңҪܶύȨô
ĬƬ̣㬵صˣ㲻ᣬԶһЩ
תߵſڣһֻعͷݺݵصҪϷ۶
æңǰܷģȴΪⶣǸƷٸӺˣƹ٣ԭһնҶٵǸ˾ƥ򣬺ء

ͩصլ뻨԰Ѿ޺˯ˣϸһѾϵġ
շʣ˯ǰҲǶ˯ţͩΪ棬æǰȥΪҴЯǡ˹Χ˿ϣøܷ磬һҴǣѾˡ
ֻ˸Сȴƾ࣬ŹǷǶߣ۾Īز֮ͭ£Ļϲ⣬ǽ̵̣Ϊɷˡֲ̫ͷ϶ͩ˵Ϊôźã
ͩģ̲סס˸׵֣ο󣬲ŵײǳ޾֮·żĻҵô׾ͱ˶ߵġ
̾ôȻڿͤҿʱҶСҿʱеĲƾɱֺΪ۽
̣ͩҲ̡ǼңȷʵˣʲôʮȫաٰһεĻЩڹ֮е˾ǣҪȫͶڿͤǱȥˡ
ſ۾ռϪĵطҲҪ̣
̣ͩϪĺأֻżҵģڼϪҲ֧뿴ǵЦǴҾͶѪϵ˼ôǲȥ˵ϷԸפϪ
һҳ棬Ȼϲż̨ףõҲѿԽżҵ塣Ȼ͢ȥ϶˼ݡ˼ϾɵصĹϽ֮ȨɶĹýЩ˵˺ú˼˼ǱżңһʱͶЧڼңӦӦã
Ӻòģ뵽ʧ뵽˸ֻʹر۾صˣˣϷһأȥϪ߸УϷ֮ػУ꿪ȥǸ֡ɥȨʦ
һʱƽ˾
̣һʱƽ˾
ʱͬѡ񣬵õĽȫͬġ


56 
ҶСڿͤǩѺС˽ڿͤĹģ˵ҶСˣЩ⣺룡
ڿͤ±ʣŷҶС΢Цƹٴ뱾̣
ҶСڿλˣǷǣɼݴ˹ʣҵİѾ˳ؽˡֻһ׮ƺ¹ʹ
ڿͤЩؿҶС־˸塣¹룬ɷ񡭡ڰѴ˰ԭί೯͢ʱΪһʣһʵۿϷΪŮôҾ캱̡Ҳۣʳ
ڿͤ촽Ҷˣ֪ΪŮ֮
⽨̶ŮӵԼνΪ̣ͼƼ飬ǱȵŮӣҲҪô˵ֲʸ񱻷ΪŮʧǱȵģҲûʸ
ԣһЩְУܺŮڷбɱɱٸҪΪʬȷǴַ֮֮󣬲Ż͢룬뷷ΪŮ
Ůеù٣Ǳ۹ģ԰չǲŮʸġҶС¹Ȼסֻǡ飬¹ΪԴʷһ¾ǣһӿϳȫء
ڿͤ΢Цָ򢣬ȤҶСҿŭնʱԼڲˣȻǰתִһ˿ԭ࣡
ҶСҲ΢Ц¹ٴͲһϸִ١¹ΪƷж񷨣ǲ¹еĹء¹£ƾԼģʱΪ˶ԵԼģ¹ҲЩ֮أ
ڿͤؿΪִ٣̹²ڷǲЩأ
ҶС¹Ϊţ¹Եø
ڿͤͷܳ
ĿһԼͬЦڿͤһۣЦݼģӳѩ׵΢΢һ⣬ġ
ҶСѪգȴЩʱղŮɫˣ˽ĵһſףɵͷһæĿ⡣
ڿͤʵ㲻طѴˣҷѾ˽ߣҵկǵġ
ҶС˴Ȼ𾴵լʺ񡣡
ڿͤڰֵ֮Ͱˡ
ҶСһԥֵܷΪŮȪ֪Ҳİҷ˵Ҳʵʣ¹ٻϣһʡǷ׼ǾͲܾˣˣ
ڿͤ̾˿ǺںĶʱʵڽ˲⡣
ҶСʵͺͼݴկʿʤһġ
ڿͤðɣȻ֣Ǳٱһᡣάһ˵ĸ
ҶСҲ̾˿¹ֻĸϡ¿ϣͬˡݴϮĽһ˾¶ǲЩС¿ʱǺεġ
Ҳô
ڿͤҡҡͷתˣû͸߸ϡ˵ʼҹȻ߹ĪʵһӶع֮УеһӶЩ֦Ҷ˾ҵŮҪ˰ٱĪ˾
ڿͤصһ˾ͲԼŮˣŮһ޷رܵġ˾£ɿѣŮ˾£˼ȴгֵָ㣺Ůˣ㲻Уñ˸ȱˣʱʱͻᱻ˼Ůݣ㣬㣡
ҶС쿴ڿͤСĵصݴƺижѽ
ڿͤȻѣҡͷһЩ£ˣȥ˵ҲôڵЩżء
ҶС΢΢üͷżңݴ˵żʲô
ڿͤżһʾãЩҵԤϡ̣δǺ£ҵżұͼıǣ©ʱһҪٲˡ
ҶСЦݴ֪գֺαصأʵڼҵʵͰǶż֮ϣΪͭʵһңж𣿸ô࣬Ϊһֵô
ڿͤҶˣ٣Ȼеĵ㹻ǿʱ㲻ȥ˲ǿѾвĵλʱҲԸ㣬ˣĪΪǿοһŮҪ˾λӣó汾Ϊȣ
ҶСĬȻΣ̾ȻǼҼбľõõҶĳĵطݴ˾ܿڣҶĳΪЧ
ҶСΪڿͤıӻͶұˣڿͤδΪ仰ϲɫһ仰ȻģҶС첢δ̹ĹƽݣôŵֻƹȨ֮ڣһƹ٣Ĵҵж
ѾͷʱǺĵġ

ͭʸûһλ˾ͼսżҵȨڿͤһһӾ췽ңټҶСľ֮ԼڿͤҶС֧֣ǳϣ֪ȫ֪Ӧˡ
£ֻѡ̡漰Ĵ£ͷһ㲻ƺһŭսҪ˽Էĵϸټҵ⣬ֻвפռݵɽϡ
ϪϪ˾үϴãҪôҪôͱ򣬽ʧȫҵˣϢˣʲô¶֪Ҳû취ֻűˡ
дȫʤ䶼Ϊ֮裬ɽᵽҪɽԽࡣҲЩסеˣᱻɽɫԣ䣬ͻᷢ಻㡣
вɽµİҲ˽ӴЩͨռҵסլʹţҲʣҪ˵һЩ˼ңЩ˼ҵլԺ޳о͸Ľˡ
һǴ֪϶ǹڰбǣΪָһ·ֹ۵Ӱ쵽УλϱϻвĿΪ˷ֹвɽƽ̶ǵĿơ
ֹУȴ˸ҰģҪչµͽɽЩ岼ĴկΪΰġܵĹչµͽ
ͭʸҶСⰲȥιպۼ֤˳ε磬һĻش飬Ҳţгһռ뿪ɽ뿪粿䣬ȻȻˡ
һ죬ɴھۣʿһҪԼĲˣ²شżɽʼĴ֮á˭һȥһ粨


57 ֮
Ϊ˴̣Ⱥһ׼Ȼéɽ񳤷һûЩ޷޸ȴйԴžƵļֻƳɽ
ɵúܣǡóҲĵӵд̡ڹһУй㷺ȺڻҪ˵İУͲЩֻжŵĹʦˡ
ԣ߱չʱ߾ռϷ硣ΪԵʿ̫ϤҲûظУصĹǼȸη־棬Բ֪£ҡ
м˶Ȼĺܣ񽲽ǵĽĵҵӶǳ޵ˣڵ̾ȴҲȫ˽⡣
ۼ񶼱ЩɽĹʦȥЩʿǳޣһòĵʿʦ֣ЩɽҰŪ飬ǵڣô죿
ʦֵ˵žͽпƣ޹⣬ʦôһվȺ˵˼䣬ЦЦ˾ԳΪʵڿЦ
еĵ񣬲ȻŭͷϵҲʿУΪʾĿ꣬ȴ֣ռƵһǻһЩġ
ֹ˵ǵĴź룬һЦؿſƵ̵ķףѵôɻǱΪǷܴȵģòҲδغǷһ񣬷˾Ƿˣ֮ܳڷ֮ϣΪӵзԶҲ󼰵ͨ޹ء
ƵԴͬԴֻҪеˣɳɣƶڵ̥֮Ϣڵⵤгɣɳϣλɰ࣡
вмصһɺԣˣҲ񣬼ֱǴ治߸ϣֻ־ĵˣͿԻ֮ңܵıӣ
ƣһһ޼̫̫ǣԡɼҲݻֻҪ֮ͨУȻ𻯳ɡ
ǲҪеģֻҪϵŷԻĶҵ֮ãܵľˣþ꣬
аħ̡ŲŻда˵ôΪ㸣ǲŷԼġֻǰ㣬ѭУӶɽ硣νʦţڸˡ
кͿƵ˵ðЩסˣϾǵĽǧһֱɽ֮УǵͽһиѬգ׾ŷǵĽ壬ٸջ͸ֽľԸɵϵԳһЩ
·߳ŭָһ㽫ƵһֻƳ浯˿ƵϣЦãϷͿţӾгʲôУȳµĳͷɣ
С漫СƵӣֻǼָһΪװģʩ⴫˵ͦаĹʦƵҲЩɵæָؽ䱸ŵʲô
Ա߷ʿȻһУʦ֣ˣˣ
ƵȻͷʲôˣ
ǵʿָĶӣͰ͵ص㡭Ķӹˣ
ƵͷһһݣеɷǵӡΪ಻űѡΪͽѡɴ˿ֽɲ֣ȴ֪ͷʱѾġ
ƵȻˣôˣ
˵䣬ǶѾԽԽߣ·һ޴Ƥ򣬿ƵĶƤȻΪƳñøоˣ͵ĸоļʦսսؿԽԽĶƤ顱һը
ƵҲ־岻ѣʱǶƤȴֹͣͣĲӡתƵĿʼƬ̹һݸĵʿͱһӶԲ򡢲Ӵֵ󡾫ŲλĹ
µЦΧİҫ˰ɣǳϵͨǵʿ˵˵شô޲أ
нɽΪ˴̣׼ļֻƳ涼ҫԱڵģûһǰĹֹ˵ֻжʩС͵ã㲻ʩƽ⣬Ҳѹ졣
ȿƵŲλһֵĹ󣬱㲻ʲô仯ˣûΣգƵӾʹôյ汻ƣƵúܶӣ߳ŭص϶Ū飬ŪңʦĪҪ
ڵʿʦȻ˽䣬ͣ󰭣׷׳潣еΧЩ߽ķеģȴҲȫȻֻƤӻˡ
Χסеˣ棬ͻһſڣһŻ罫ȥӭһ⧲һţüëǹˣŵ˫棬شУˣˣˣ
ڵϹ˼ȴȻֲ޴󰭣ֻƵʹʵʦҲһͨϷ̨ˣ˶ᣬʱͨɽҰСû˼̾Ϊֹ
ߵһߵֵǵ潣һŻųƳ棬ֻЩʿҲйơ
ʱиʿͻȻԼĵ۳̻¶𽣾ŵ棬дʵصۿ죬λʦߣʮ޺ʮζ죡ضүţ
Ҳȫǻ˵ģʩͨҴߣʾȷʵߡͨϷ͹£ѾģҴߺоֹҲ᲻Ծطλӡ󣬾͸һĸоˡ
ʿÿ֮࣬󣬾ͼѸ˵ӶЩˣ·ķʲôı仯
ֻһʹֻƳ棬ЩĵʿˣƫƫվǶַųһֻƳ棬塣
ʿ˹ضү˫ۻȻһţ̬֮عһ㣬һ˫һǰڵĳ״һͲһµˡ
ϣʱƳ淢˸Ƿͷ˯ΧȺһضүյûˣĪƵΨйԼҵæŵǡǵĹضүЩҪ⣬ҷ
˵ţ˽һƵѴһһŨ̱ϰգʮӴзɳȥһΧ۵̫ż˾ĪǴ˵еɱ
һɢˣӲûл콫еǳһȺӣȺڿһѱɢ˱ء˵Ҳ֣ЩˣЩȴ޶á
ЩʿȻ˷ӣһʲôҩֻЩɢ䲻ʿеʹİȴ޲𹥻
Ҳ˲ÿˣ׷ױͷܣĺģѰŮģһšбϪˣɽ籾ĻޣǸŵģŴ£ּԼﱧ޶ӻϻȻŭϺׯȥ׷еˡ
һƾõС£˵ֻСӣĸˣȥæ󹫼ҲսҵСӿ󣬱ȥԼҵļǵĸײսŸײսȻ֮һսݱ֮һĶԹ
ʱһС£ͻһѡкͿƵ֮ⳡһԵӡбŹе˵ľٶеֱΪƫţӡƽ̡
ǣһ֣µʾͳױոƽϪ˾ֱһˮ
սˣ


58 
ڵӻͷӻɽȥ￪ѲǸ˶Թˣ漰ƽ̵漰ΰĹϡаѷɽ´е¶Դһ˵ѾȵȻĸкλǰȭĲʱŭϵɽֹ
Ƶĺܣ֪еĲߣ߸ߣʹʦ뿪˴ׯе˴ûҵȺţӣͰűץɽʣ»˵뽻Ⱥʿű
żҵ˻ˣææȥϪ˾ųٿߡеĲڵϪϵأųٵֶӣųѶŭǰòѾһ䱾ﵽͷʺˣ̣
һص¶ˣιôկǰ˵ͭʸһˣϪųپͽͭʸһ𣬵ʱµͷĿǾͺʹָָˡ
ųҧгݵؼϱɱеɽկ֮¡ûлͷȥɽȺӡӵ£Ҵ֮УԳһԾ׼ޱȣⱾҲͷʹѡ
ųٳӪկס˸вɽĵ·ͬʱϪˮһ಼رɽկ˳ȡˮǾùԸ
ųٵıǰһǧˣһشıЩߵֵܡͬڡͬ塢ѣνͬ飬ʿ漤ĺܣټųսõȻݲһλһʱҲ˸൱
Ȼѷָ£ȻҪȭųٰս˵ɾ˼ͭʸıȻἰĹͼӴ׵ذѸв޷졢衣
ͬʱ֪λǽ̣ɱԸʹ;ͰϢɢ˳ȥͲ֪Ҫͷڹꡣ
Ҳûţһսĥ£ͷҲ࣬ǰһֱֱֻ֪ȥ˫ڽ״̬һεսΪսʤֻʤݲðǾǹƽ̵ˡ
ΪȻдһţԸ˼УȻҲἺĹǴȾƵţϵΰġܵϪ˾żƫ̻ϵѹε踺أΪ˹ƽܾί
ʣµλϼеŲ㵲ѣǸմϢ˵ͭʸѾͬвϪôǽԴϲĺ¶ôͻȻ˷粨
㵹㵣ȴûкΪһε¼ʲͬԷֱǵǷƣǵһȨȫԴ˻ţҡĽƽ̵ĸ
ͳһ飬縰ԮУϱάҪӮһ̡
Գ͢˵һľҪǲһҪþҪĶãҪ٣һս²٣̫Ļȷԭפصȶһϵ⡣
Ƕ˵Щ¶ȫ¶
ǲҪãԼ𣻲أԼ°ţԼս²ˣ̫ɺ󷽿飿ʮɽõϣб͹ôɽתȦľӼԱ͵ó֮һս
޸ϣȻԺ׾ľ

˽֣ӻ̡
ԲԲԱ˫֣ЦеضҶСҲȫΪչ˴ˣŪЩɽȷʵЩǿԽҵĵ̴ġЩ仹ı׼ȴҲǺöȻĵ̿ҵĵԱߣȻָӦһ¡
ҶСడ˵ĳˣǰôŵ
ͷͷıӣƵصǰܲŵô
ҶСסЦ㿴ë֪ˣࡣϢˣëǲסҴǰͰƷɵϲ¸ǲٰˣҲͻһЩ˵ˣûأͷʱȥԾơ
޴οôأ˲罻ҰˣãһʱƸ̫֪֪׵ˣٷĲ
ҶСҡͷȻ˼ˣҴ԰Ųͬҵµҵظ
ΪΣ
ҶСصЦԻ˵˵
ҶС֮󣬱ȥڽеУǰλϵ׾춼ѵͭʸҶС찲ţۡҰסЩҪٳһƣҶСΪ˿ɷһġ
˼ˣҶСһİţûκһٳְֵҵظİ֮£Щ˼еĴҵеİŽ˹ţеĿ⣬еҶСڳУ¡
ҶС˼Ե㣬ܷӦɽɹǸɽĲһǻɽ̽׵ʱƾǵݣԸɽаպϵ峤Ӱ죿
ҶС˼ҾǺһ仰˵һپ仹Ҫã˼ˣΪ˰˴̱ݵҪһ
ҶСϵУʱæµ֮С֪˳˵Ļͣ迣̣ԣשеܵӰ죬ҶС˵ԣڳש߳ģ񹤳ͣש˵ʧ
˵Ϳ¿⽨õשеʱõϣڳпש߳Ϊ˵ĵṩϣҲ̫ʧҶС컹Ǿùⲻȥ
ԭУĽΪ˽ʡʽЩҶСǴ㽨éݻඥģظɴ׷Ͷ룬ȫש߽죬һԣ迣ͣʧ͵õֲ
ҶСУѳΣοͷ㱨Žȣͷ󺹵ظһҶС̣ѧҵˣţˡ
ҶСȻֳʲôӣ
ĨһѶͷˮҶСϪ˾Ǳִˣ֪ŭټڹҪٶȷַв
ҶС˴һ¶䣬ȻԤƵһεսȴδ뵽Ѿõʱ򣬾Ȼֳӣѵ֪ǰֻǻ֮ƣ
ҶС켱æ֪ŸȥʱƵҵѸϻͭʣŸޱȵĴӣһͷͷȥˣһ򳤷˱ѶҲϣа취еơ
ȻԼಢԭƮȻɵһλͻȻ˽䣬˭Ҳܲ˰⸱࣬Ժôƭˣֻھٰպʱ̨Ԫ˧ˣ
ʱǡΪ¹Ƶĵ죬ƳüʧˣҲҪͬʱˡ


59 һ
ɽۡ
ӻĿƵͼʦܶԳظ״
һ·ߵúƵͦټĶƤǶƤֳŵüƺ͸ƤܿߵĸƢΣ³˲Ҳҿˣ˭û᲻һ£ĶƤduangһը
һֱϵŻصɽûͰ̧صۡ˿ſƵԭƮݵͷ̲סЦһ뵽ǹƶ죬ЩͷƤ顣
һ˵ȴǰת飬¡Ƶ˵ţüͷһ壬촽һ򣬾κ࡭һ죬Ȼһƨ
һƨųޱȣȻһ̱ǵľԱ߼ʦֵ׵壬Ǻȥǵʱʦܷűӹֽеʦ֣ôôƨ
Ƶһ죬ЦһʱûסȣˣǼֵӵÿ죬һᱻЩҰץɽ²ܽӿϪһǻǲҪȥ
ղŷƨʱ򣬳˾˳ԶԶ˾룬µҲǹɶѬӿȥ˴ӡⴱϱͨ͸÷ϰϰζʱˡ
ۼζޣΧ£˭ϿƵüͷһ壬˶پɻδߣһ죬šһٴ졢ƨ
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סɿԣҲӹȥ̽ű⼱ٵڣŻŭȥҹȥ㡭
ƵվǶκ󡰶ࡱϣһױû꣬͵÷ľĶƤȴƨнСɴϲصССˣҵĶƤСˣҪˣ
ۣͻͻͻ
ЦԷǵص㲻óȥˣǳȥ
һʱǴˣôһ˵ڵظתſڣƮһݣֱӴӺĴӴ˳ȥ˼״æҲϴӣ֮زز
ƵվУڿϲ֮УˣˣҪˣ
˴Ӻȥվ£ش˼ڴµضƴϪһͷģȻƨ¡
˻֣ƺǶ˻ᵽǹŻĶ˵Ļһҿɽйʦֻ׽ŪҪȻûˡû֮ΣͲҪˣȥ֪ţ֪Ҫһʽս
һǮкԸ⣬ǰҪֻȥǳˣα߲ء
һЦ㲻ҪˣΪǶ֪ͬ¼ҹˣ˾󹧾ϳ֧֣ضмѩ̿ˣǲǵġ
˲صֺαأ̵ͭѾˣ绻طơǽۣǽύգǴ򽻵ˣǻ¶ڶġ
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ηӣǣǡƶհǡ
һϾȥ滨СϷ
˵շȥ˳ıӰ㬵̽ͷ￴һۣƨڡࡱطŸͣȻѾλҲСһȦۿҪָԭ״ˡ
˵ʱԼҷգ̾صԭ֮ԱǸģǱƨģ
һ۵ģƺźéɽֻѧЩѧŪƵı졣

ôϣǶһݡʵѾöˣֻڷ֣أһ֮ԪָĲ졣Щ͸ԵήҲˡ
ڿͤһۣ˫ָ󣬾Ө⻬СĴʩʩȻ˸ѾиϵĹԱǺЦͷҪҲλ
һ̧ͷͼλϣڿͤ΢΢һָ˴ݣٲλһ⼷ڹñУſ۾صڼݣλɣ
ڿͤȻ֪Ǻ⣿
ɳƵЦδȬֻ¹ش󣬲ܲʣһӦҪݴ˳ģȻüݴλ
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Ц̯̯˫֣㿴⸱ģڼݲҪˣʲãĪҪƴǡ
ڿͤҲң֪ǰ¹ٲҷ
ҴҸϵҶСۼ˼ʵǶϷĵط˸۶һӣСǻɽӵűҪǲأظ޹⡣أһ˾͸ӵ޹⣬˭Ը㿴ӣλǰһȴã˭ҲԸȥٺ٣ְ
ҶСȻԭˣ
֪ͼݴ˻ǫ˰죬˭Ҳλϲ϶˾ڿͤӯСҪöʯʿ裬˭ָȥ
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ڿͤС͸Ľģĵ˫ӣѯʵԸ֮ǸӦԣ
΢΢ҡҡͷЦЦϷڴ£ͭʸڼݵѽôʵͷˡ
ڿͤǳǳһЦǷ¹ֻǴ֪ˡ
˫΢΢һţضĻλı˶ѣ
ĺϣָֻģ֮ԳϯֻΪϪ˾ǱıңŶ͵ǲŲʣδⲻԲű棬ھξϣҪڼݵ˼
ӣֶҶССֹ֪ڽڼݵľţЩ֪˵鷳ڼݼȻҪλӣǾͳ鷳кϷ
ŰɣڼǲҳԺͲܳŪ֪ܡǳڼôȲ⣬ȻʤˣڼҲҪ۽ԪˣǸɨأ֪˵Ҳӭжˡ
ҶС˵ͷ°ͣڹɨһۣҶһɽۻ̬ƣȻҪλҰĲŮ˾⡣
ҶСа⣺ϪǱ߾ʲô£˵ûҵв֦ܽѵϪ˾ʲôƵľٶ˼ҵԣȻô׵ġڼݳҸǺã


60 һʧ
ڿͤƬ̣ѾͬøеĲ䶨Ϫ˵ǲ¶˲Ŷԣ粨Īб飿ΪӦǰϪܻɸΪ񲯣á
Ц˼ѾǵĴկץ˱Ϫ˾ٱ潻սˣڼ㻹Ҫ̽ϸǳסĿַղϳȺ񣬺
ڿͤɫַĻ֪ϳٱ
һǰ֪˵أ˴οǲٳˡڼݼȻ񣬾Ӧ𱣾Σ˵ô˷Ҫڼҳˡ
֪ͬڼҵʵôܸżұȣżۺʵҴܶ飬ڼζֵڼҾΪżҲܲһһ䣡
Ҫ༥ڿͤһߣҲ˲ʡвȻץϪ˾ˣȴδɽϮطɼҲңҵܱƷǡһΪӦȲ࣬ͬʱټȫ˾¡
ĿһȵĪǸ·˾޳ɳĻڼݾҪһһҲ϶ˣ٣ǵȸ·˾ǸϵʧȻڼӦȳǸ·˾ͬΪԮˡ
ڿͤЦҪƽӰҲȷвòɣΪڼϪҲءѾ֪ҶСݣ϶ֻҪܿסҶС죬ͲвôԸԼġԮ
ڿͤ뵽ɿҶСһۣΪв¶ҶС⡣ҶСôΪأȻѾڶɽɽĸٻֻгɽܳΪʱ
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һҰĵ䣬õĺ顣Ұ̫ѪһŲԷٵΣաһϣҶСǱӦõѡˣž׿ӦȡҶС졣
ڿͤЦͱ˵صڼô˵
ڿͤ˸Ϫ龭ͬʱټ·˾ͭʸ£
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ҶСھһڿͤȳǺáڿͤкøУΪУ־𺦸вΪۣΪѣһʱûзӦ
æСȣСݴ˽ء
¹ڣ
ҶСæվڿͤ˱ȭڿͤͷҶƹһɡһ㵽Ժһ£лҪ㣡
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ڿͤԵŤͷʦүİһģ˾ͭʸ£
ԸˣڿͤһСȣ£赭дصɢ˰ɣ˵˵˳ȥ
УöƤһһţ·һֻ˾ĸ󡣬¡ڹΣ˴֪ͬױʾڼݴͬһӣ޹˼ɵ뿪˶֪Ǹ߸
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뵽Ȼ볤ɳ鷿Ͼ˵꣬ӰõؿЩˡ۷Ĺһȥ

ҶСڼݵǩѺʩǷʵݴҪǰϪͻԵɣ֪ʲôķԸ
ڿͤ˫Ĵ۾һĨֵϿҶСЩĪ̲סӣɵصʲôԸݣ
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İ£ȻӦǳ⡣ֻλƽ̽ݣ뼣ٳкͼıأ
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ҶСӵôӴᣬԸɽУ߳ɽΪһ˾ǧأ󣿸вɽӦþһ̽ɽվסţ
İĵصѧĵġ̫ͭһãȷ𵽼ǼȻҶСҰģһվȽŸ֪Դ˲
ڿͤһۣ㵣һΪ
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ڿͤ΢ЦҶСˣ֮µġ
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ڿͤضԣţ
İ״ֻòȰڿͤ΢΢һ˫ۣ룺ĵҲ޵Ҫȫ֮ƵĻ
һ󵨵ͷͻԾڿͤͷ½ɽҪ˼̳вСҶδؾͱˣޣ粻һ˼۸


61 
һ磬ҶСءƷɻʮϵڸҶС챻úİѾЦӭ˳һҶС㹰֣Цƹٴú磬ѧŸո׼׵
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ҶС첻ɰ壺˾ߵؽԣѼˡʵ֪λĵϸˣȥϪֱûиȫʲôõĵġ
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ҶС˿ڲ裬΢ЦҲɡ֮Ҵȥ¾ˣȥͣģֲЦˣ񣬺Ҳ񣬶ֲңصġ
Ҷǧ򲻿룡Ҫǲܵʹ£Ҫȹ˧ˣ
һŮ洫漴һ˱ƮȻ֣һϮİۣΪæδϸױֻǸ߸ͷϣ˸ԣ߳ʱͷ·һֻŸ߹İ
üε°ͣԵ侫󡢱֬ȵκɽˮһһ֡ǣ޺ˮ⾳
ڿͤЦؿҶС죬Цúģ˼ұȹ˧ĻһҪҶƹȥȷ棬Ϊҳ󣡡
һܱһЦĪ֡ҶСʶصӢ䡢ӨӨģɫ䲻࣬ȴѼʶˮ׼ģɽ˵֮С
ڽǼŮӶȻͬһŵʱŮ˾ŮŮݣӢ߰ʢˣһװǰںկؿʱǴ桢׵Ů˿̵һ˿ȴַޡ
һȥܾݵĵζʻŮζĻԴݡŮǶ͵ģξǿΣǱ仯˵ġ
ҶСվ΢Цӭλɫɲ͵μˣֵ¹ټݴˡǺǣ¹ܽˣȥϪ¹ȫԸΪ˷Ǳˡ
ڿͤǳǳЦð˵ģԸҶ˴˳Ϫ֮£Ϊھ칦
ҶС찵һֻ̾ʱ˵ģ˭ղɫرͭʸʵӾɫħŮʵڽԷֱһģĿ
ڿͤȻҶС춯˱˼ȴûоʹСǰɽֻǸԼжϣҪȷҶС˼ܾԼѡ
Ŵ˷ҶСȥϪΪЩ˿棬ͿжϳɽͼµķƷԡ
ڿͤҰĲȻѾԼɫһŮ־£ҿԿŮ˽飬˵ˣΪԼһ˵־ҰģСӢ۵غǡ
٣ӦˣͲŮɫҵģҶСܣǸʲôˣڿͤȻҲҪжϣ
Ͼһ˾ɷŮˣȻıʣֻԵ׵ɵ۸УΪ˴ﵽĿģͿ˷ԼΪ
˳ڼͭߣ㲻õģһᾡȫס֪ˣ˾ǱûдȷϢ֮ǰͭʾһһ䡣Ԥף˴һ˳ˣ
ڿͤ˵仰ʱȻһ䳡滰ü۽ȴģƫĵķ̶¶ӯֻᣬԴ£ʵϧ
ڿͤȻжװ磬ǴΪж磬Ӵ򽻵ĻƵԺ˽ܶԼ츳ķǡô㳲
֮ĪˮǿĪʤ֮ƯŮ˶ԸˣּɱȨѹֻǿҪЧҶСҲϧ˼Ȼݴ˷ģ¹ٴȥؽ߾ܣһϪּ֮֮֮ͭǣ
仰ڱ˶оһĵĻڿͤУȴζϪ֮Χؽˡ˵仰Ŀǹƽ̽ӵоͳȨǸˣڿͤʱ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ҶСڿͤصһȭݴˣ¹ͳˣ
ڿ̤ͤһص͵ͼе»ΪҪգ
仰ɾͲ˾˵ˣڿͤ˫һǡôҶС촫һеӿǰʱİ㸡һصȻ
ҶСͷȻһϽһǡĻ뷨ǵƷϲĴ˾Ҳһŷ˵һǲ˶̫أԲġ
ҶСϽЯİҴȥߵſڣʶػͷһͼڿͤվճճҶСжش˸ͻִͷĸо
ҪλǿƵŮ˾ﻹӨӨ֮أǲ𡢲ǰҶСӿ˽ŲеĶӵζ
ҶСӰȫʧڿͤеҲʧˣǸĶǣһζЦ⡣¹Ȼ伫Լõֶʲôԡ
һӵǿʵˣһΪѣǾһΪˣǾĶ֣ݲø¡
ڶҶСĿ׶ΣǵѣȫҶСокξٶ֤һвĶ֣ڿ֪ͤԼĵϸþһֶΰ
вŸɡ㡢εӴԽ˾ԽвزҰĲڴ󽫾ΪлŮļΪһԹ԰Ŀɳū
ܹ֤һԺ䣬ڿͤ㲻Լʮӽͣѡһɷĺˡ
˾עڻҪǿƵĵλֻڽӴһߡŮϲϣԼҪǸ˲̫û
ҶСǱʵѡǰҶСͨĿ顣ôڱصã˾վʳ˵һԱΪһʳߣҶСʳĿ꣬ҪôԵҪôԵ
ڹ


62 
ҶС뿪ĵ죬λ˾ϵͭʣڶ죬λ˾½ϵǷַвһ˾˲ͬļ⣬ۺǼҡ
һ棬һθвɽֻռϪ˾ɽطΧһ֣ص˾ûκӰ졣ߣʱһЩ˾ѾڿͤҪ죬ǰ£Ȼ˸вĴڡ
һȻڿͤݴ֪һְڷ֪ûӰ죬пܵӰķǸոһ˵ڼݡߣȻвϪһڣδ漰طǵôߵľٶһЩ˾ǷС
ϻ浱ǲèɣһȺûʶɽӣΪ㣡˾һǶбҪһѵɽ⾿˭£ӴԺһЩ
˼˾һЩڿͤϵˣЩˣڿֻͤ˵Ȱ⣬ǿѹƣԺǷһֹ࣬ǵĴ
ǣ˾ǵ½޳ɳ˾ռ˽һҳ˾սΪҲǵ档𿴳ǸͭʸһʱһЩ˾ͷ˶ĵͨŲɣȻλҲ޳ɳǺȻӦóġ
С˾ǵ̣ȴҲ̫߿ǵļʶһͨƱǻĸ߹Ȩ󣬼ѶƼ߶ȷչĺҲͬˣοڱȽƫԶĵ
˾ʱ۲ݣڿͤһҪȵҶСĵ֮ǰܶԭһ֮顢֮ؽйȰһɿ硢𣬼֮¡
ڿͤӦͷö֮ʣ۲һŲһ·Сܵس˶ôŲƣ˫ȷȻһ·Ϣһɣ˫ϥһϡ
֪ˣ硭в붯Ϫ˾Ϫ˾ųټҾ죬ȨǣһԶץɽȥˡ
һýԾŻĭɵ˾ĿɿڴӴ˰ΣҲ˲װˣ䡱һ´ȵ˶ٱ
ŲС˲֪ɽҰԼţʮ˶ֹ
߲һϡ
ҶС쾿ʲôǻͷ뿿Ӳǵĵ̰ɣڿͤţͷ˼£ָһ㣬г̣ҶСڻδϪŶԡ
ڿͤϽʵʱ·ϣǰϪıƹҶСһˣ
ŲҡҡͷС˼ڱѶСԲʲôҶˡ
ԭˣڿͤ˿ˣȥЪϢɡ
ۼæŲȥڿͤ澪ɵ˾ɨһۣص˵ʲôţСҴıǲǿвǣҾ㶼мҵˣҪⳡִˣҶҪ꣬浱ɽǰôöԸ˼ҿǹŲ´Ьģ
ţҪȵҲʰ͢˽ڡһ͢棬ǿѣҪ˾ͲˣɾҪɺصڶˣҪˣ
˾ûϢ⻰澪˽Ӽŭģڿͤ˵ʲôϪ˾ѱռϪ˾ٶ˷²֮£ΪϪڼҾͿΪ𣿡
ڿͤ΢΢Ц֪˺ôʮ㰡ĳСŮӣִ¿ɵ֪˼ȻѾȬ֪˹˧ַȥɡ
ŮʱǲģʱǺġڿͤʱʾ˶Ȼӽʾһأͱ˾ˡ
ڿͤôһˣĿȥĺ˵ˡǰҪڼҴͷڼҵʵһɲɵżҴԪˡ
˾һʱѻȸˣǸղЩģͽ˭ܷţӦӦҲûϵҪģûҵĵ¡
浽˶µʱ˾Ǿʹ𡰸ɨǰѩˣҲǹһǧ۳͢Ȩôʼ˾ǵǻǧȴʼվڹһ磬ѳɴһҪԭ
ڿͤȻڳһҳ˭Ը˭ȥ򡱵ļƣʵҲ޽šڹƽ̣ͨ˽Ķ࣬ҲʮϤ⣬ϴϪ˾ӦҶСŶԡ
ٶҶС⣬ôҶС쾿кδ㣬ͺԤˡҶС˲ƺçײֱҰ˵ĲΣ˾Ͳˡ
ڿͤ۾ǰİһһҶС˲ɿƣɱ֮
ˣҶСǹƽ֮ɱ᲻ᡭ
ҰĲҲɿơ亦ȻѡͭΪɽͻƿڣǻ׵ܺߡˣΪǿߣҶСһҾͲŹƽ̻һ飬ڲΪ֮λضʱδػ³ɽԣ
ãҼ°գ
ͭʸ˶֪ڿͤԱ󽫣ΪİΪںǺ֪İڿͤңһ书ڿͤǰͭʵһʿں֣߳岽УͰںڵء
ͬʱڿͤʦ书ĽεŮӣͬһ׵ĺ֡
ҶСİʱոսϪڣϪ˾ѶӴҴҸϻӭҶСİϪ˾ץϪ˾ٵ˵ҶСһ
ҶСһôأ
ҶС켱æҵ;δаţ̽Ϣʵô
ӵǧȷϪ˾̽ϢвԮһͬϪ˾ץϪ˾ٺ͵ȨɽˣδڣҲδɧŵط԰ղδܵ
ҶС԰мȻ»зִ磬δصĵزİԹۣҶСľȷǷģɰɣвϪ˾ĳͻңѵǳ⣿Ҳԣ⣬ܡ˵ҵҪҶСԴ˾ηӦ
İǰʵֻϪ˾޹ط˵Ϫڼң
ӵ粢ط˵ΪϪ˾ӵʿŹʦƽ̣żŭ˸вɽвæϪ˾
İ˿˻á
ҶСҪȥկ￴
İһԥʵҶ׼ֹ
ҶСϪ˾ٺһȨ󶼱ץɽˣһܺ˭ֱֻɽȥλ峤ˡ
İݡװɣ̫ΣˣһԴ˲Ļ
ҶСֻϪ˾Եط̫ţɼֻзִġֻͭʸ̽ʹߣ룬λ峤֮أҲϣ͹ٸеӦ޴󰭵ġ
İȻҶСɽʲôգֻڿԼҪҪͬҶСɽҶС͵ĵڶİѼ˼һҶСȻ˹ƽ̽ݣĻǵŪ˸ٶȻʹױ¶Ҳ˵дѻӽҶС죬һҶСҰֶ̫̫ΣɱĻлᡣ
ĻڼկһˣһҶСֵĿռʱ䣬ԼĲһľٴ롣ߣڼկңνٹɡҲȷʵҪȥһ¡
뵽İӦӴӲ·뿪ֱڼկȥˡİһߣҶС첻һۣߵˣֻλֻ֪ˡϴαµĿ֮ҶСѾ״õĽҲκˣ
غҶСദôãѾ˽ԸΪˣʦү˽ĺֵܻƷɵֺ飬֪ȰҲûãܴûпڡ
һ뵽˵Щɽε״


63 ɽн
ҶСɽһҲʮˣвɽկϸ۲tȻͿǣȴҲδʾĺŽǣֻһȥ峤
һк⼸Ԯ컹бҴҸϵˣǵ˼¥ĿԶִһ󣬾ͼԶһǣɽ
ɽԽԽͻ˫һϲؽеߣˣ죡կţӭߣ
վɽˣթԶɽˣһʱֳ̰ҲҶСûˣ˼֪֪ҶСݣ´ӭӵ
λԴ˾飬Ǵ˿ΨһӦһԼݣ½ǣ죬ͷ߲ǶԹ񲻾ⷽǺСĵġ
ҶСһԽɽկԽѾԿկǽ߶ѲĹֺͳì֣ؽ̲ס߼׷ҶС죬ҪȰ˵䣬ʦүıݡ
ʱʮߺŽͬʱ죬կźȻ󿪣һȺսʿżϵƤΧȹֳּªǹมҽų˳ԿЬӶûŽѾܵ÷ɿ졣
ز֪ǵġมʵźǻҲЩɽȻ࣬ȴҲ۶ֻԻڴУ·Ь̫𻵣ôŪһ⼹Ű塢ϵƤȹģէһǵδҰˡ
УҰ˺ҰҲûôˣҪ˵ģ߷ʽһһ·һ·Ǳߡมһ󺰣ŵһ£һ߬סҶС󣬹ֽеҰˣ̿ߣ
ҶСܣҶС⧲ϳȥüЦõվסӲסؼ̿ߣΣӣ
ҶСؾţɽկ֮Уұ㰲ȻҶСءͷ֮ʡܵŴһһӣΪжֱۣ԰ο
ؼֱţŤͷһЩկźδ׷վկǰ۰Ͱ͵ؿǣ棬ĵףô׷ˣĪǵ
һתҪڽһճǼơֻϧû٣ǰҲûɨصආװģ˼ĹҶСѾ˻ȥ
ƷɶЦؾţǲôġ˵ȥƷҶСˣͬǣСҶ¹£˾ۼƷ˵ذһᣬҲȥˡ
Сеڶվڶеǰ棬ҶС߽ˣЩսʿһ˸ͶشһߺȣһҶС߬Ҫߡ
Щ綼ӭػں˼룺Īɽ࣬Ұ˶ŵɵʳʾһϵĸм
кеһǰָأҶСϹҶС켱æɿأǰ
ɽǿȻ飬ǶҶС˵ʱ̫̣ܵӰС׷ӰһЩԼеܲˡ
ҶСٲǰסУһҾأȴ޷ȥˡҶСеֱۣˣСܲ𰡡
мԼ𾴣кãüЦصڣ˼һ¡
ҶС˲΢ЦѡڵĲΪɽȻΪһݹϵڣɿһЩͬʱҲΪеĲλھɽϽĵطⲿӰ϶ࡣ˼뽩Ĳ죬ͷԸǸŰ죬Ӧı仯ҶСͼҲѡ
ǸˣǰֻΪη磬ʧ룬ʱڲЩԾˡЩͷԼҶƵĺܣԣֹƣֱ𾴵ĺܡ̺ʱЩˣ
ҶСͷһۣԸոֱͷԸ˵
ͷμʱû˵õɽԣԡҶСͷ˵õĿǺؼЩѱ쾹ȻûþǷԸи档
ҶСϹϾͬ½ɽկ´ԭľģոɲãʵľͷζһſûκηεĴľΡ
ľαǸƽټԪʱλãҶС쵽ˣλȻˣкһһңھ֮µλϣ
һλظԺˡԲд˵λĿˣҶСֻһֽͣЩ˵˾죬ǵͳߡ
һǣҲһı仯ŪôԵˡƷɼĿɿڴ͵ЦҶСȻܻأȻǲٶݣƷɱ
ɽ粿ǶηʦҲ˵ʦɽеʦҲһͬǾǹǵĽǴйʦˡ
ᡰһĶͷڹʱ򣬺żȻ䣬Ҳδȥƽ̡ʦ
صɴ۾Ȼѵѵ̾ǡ
Ʒ΢ЦͷصַͫŴһȦѵŤӣƺԼĲǵ졭Ҽ񵽱ˣҼ񵽱
Ƭ̵ľ֮һΨͼһʯͷҪ߬˳Ե״ʶԼҶ̵ݾζʲô϶ʱ¶ƵĿϲ
⸱飬ƷҲġŲ֪ͨѸɽнµɴ治֮٣˾Ͳˡ
ҶСʱĻعͷߵ״ЦЦƺѾ֪Ʒɶ˵ԼݡؼҶСͷʶǷǷλңض˼־η
ҶСɨһ̬誵죬صͭɼڿͤξڼ֮У˵ͻġУУλʲôҪ߱ô
к͸æվ߷ߵضҶСߣ¿ɹֲ¡´˼ɽ̣мţӵʿǰƣ֮˫˳ͻǵ˱Ҳûô̵ЩţӣԲ˿ǵرȻӻ׳Ǵɽ
ҶС쿴һֱ׳ӣͺܵСӻؼҳ״λлǸͯҶСط˷ͷǡôֻṥϪϪ˾ٵ˶ץأ
һͦظǳôĿȻҪֻعһ˵Ҿʹɽˣ˭֪ţӵĿ죬ֻץǱţϵǺܽɣ
٣˭뵽Ϫ˾پȻΧǵɽկˡʱֵܵˣǾһ·򽫻ȥһֱϪ˾ǵѣųڶ


64 ˼Բ
ҶСλ˺ЩǰһѱèЩس㻷³ɳεĲ̻һȺɽҰﰡ
Ҫ˳ɽ磬Ҫվסšɽ˵ϿɡļܣҪ𲽸ıΪ˴ϰߣȡǵ۹ͼʶ
뵽ҶСȻͷһĴѧᣬѽβشӲѡһЩĺȥѧأǽ¶죬ͨǣӰ䡭
ҶСһζ˼ҪЩҰԣȴȫȻڹУͬǸֻ࣬޷졢ϲǷǵĺӡϴȻȨӵܵԴѾ¿ƹ֮쳹ͭʸںԷʷµһ׮׮ҵѹΪ֪ˡ
ҶСðΣһάϣһάϵҳϣֵġͷˣһһǿǡ
ǳɽΪ˴ģԵǧ٣һӶ࣬Ҫɽ㣬ҪཻѲСȻҲʾһҪݺݵش򣬴ǣǲŲ۸ǡ
кͷҶСⷬΪȻҶС˵̫ίǸûҶСⷬʵǶǽϪ˾˼ҵͷͷȫ׽ɽΪе
ǺһȺͷͷ׷ҶСһοĵĹȰֻһ̬˵Ķԣ˭Ҳ۸ǣ˭ҪǸΰĹ˭ҪǸǵĲͺݺݵش򣡡
ҶСЦһ޿κεʵЩץɽϪ˾Ȩ󣬿ɶõưãǲǰɣ
ҡͷȻûУǲŰûл֮ˣֻǱδܵ衣
ҶС԰˾ͺãҵݲ֪𣿶ԴҪϸءȸҰŸסɣҪɽϴ졣ϢƬ̣һк͸йǺúν׮鷳
ͷȻиҶС찲סֽ˸ɽȪˮ档ҶСϴؾȲشǰ̾ɽйƽ̵ĽЩ粿㶼Ӷ̲ǲ
ҶСϴӦǰɣҲһЩ䲻Ըܹƽ̵Ĺ󲿷ֲ䶼ڹƽ̣˭Ҳأ˭ӣԼĲ棬ԲԸǲԸû˭еӷҵġ
ظ˷ܣӿĨ죺ôƽȫڶ̣
ҶСнӹëһ߲һؿ˵ʲô
˷ܵص̣ôӴȴڹٸΪһƹƹٿɱţ
ҶС첻ɫصŶ֮أ
ص˾˾Ҫõ͢ȷϣܳΪ˾ûĸ˾Ϊ͢Ϊ˾ӵ˾ʵΪء丳ʵѾΪһ͢׷ȷϡȫ߱
ؼĭɣӦּ͢뷷Ϊ˾Ӵ˺Ϯ棬񲻺ùһƹ٣Ҫ˵һƹ٣һʡҲţ
ҶС̲סЦûãûȰ췴ʵۣҺο
һ죬ڨڨصҰأ˶С췴ֻʵá˵ʵδؾһ˾ң⡣ȣ˵ҵȶǴԵЧҳ͢зǷ֮룡
ҶС첻ٶҲ˵͢ϲϷΪ˾Ҫǿûе̣ûûʵЩܿ͢ʩᣬҪԼȥȡ
ĶȡأھУɵ̶Ǳ˵ģɽߣ㲻ϵ̡̫ݺĿģɽ˾˼һȫǡҪһһڵسԣ·Ҫһһߣá
شϲ۷ųĵһĹâֵصô˵̹ɽһ˾
ҶСЦëһȥĿĥνϪ֮ˡһε²ͬһˮɽ֮ңأĥһȫ֮߳
վԭأëһѾ޴Ҹиôסˣˣ˴˹ʺˣ
ڹʶ˾˼ҵأԾһ̨50+˵CPUÿǧڴεٶȣѸٻһԵ棺»ֺ˾һԹū绨񡢰ǧŮǰϮĽΡ
ҶС˹˲Ĵ˾ųҶ״һԾΪҶ˾ĴԼءׯū͡
һǧȥˣ׺ɣ仯ˣѲڣѲ֪˶˶ٻʵۣϼյİĴһ˹һĺҡ
ʱˣ˷ȣ곤̫ǹǰ棬׵ӡ棬ͬãǵΪһǧıƲ
Ѿ˼ʮλͻ·һţǡˣľϼȣָţͷְͷͷмؿȥһһߵݡ
Ǻǡ
ҸɵЦ΢΢ζȻǰĳͰ͵ףĪĺôҲ̫˵ǶæЩʲô߰£ôҪĴ¶ģѵ񰲼ҴһȾ˺ͯĳë
زüͷڵļѵ䣬ȻЩ죬ϸһʱһϴӻѹǰĺȻк͸С
кؿջظǰιƣʵڿԽӼ𣿡
ŶŶŶһڿˮæӦλҼҶѵȺʱˡ

ڼկӡ˻귽˾ӣǵضİɷ磬⺢񻹲꣬ܵ˾ΣڷС㲻ϷֵĻ
ӡһʣ§ŶǺӼĸᣬæСΪȥᣬף㲻Ҫޡ˵ȴǡۡһԼҲ
İæοӡˡ˾ˣǲصģڷСǣǣںǰսҪһءϪߣڷСһֱĵĺء
ӡ˲ᣬڷС㴹ˡڼկ¹ս·Ϣɽ˵ЩԵϪ˾ٶ׽ɽȥء
ڼկĻ̻̣֪ЩӾͻɱߴֻһ¹ȣ˫ƫƫֽгԹܽΪѣ治֪Ǻˡ
İڵɽ粢ûȫɽĴ㣬ǺǣҪٳɽ˷彫ȻΪʸ֮ģʱݴСλ˾ЭԸǣͲһ֮ˣʲôõĵأ
ֻһɽȺżҽ˳ڼ˵һ¡ʵЩڼвģżҡ¹żзȵϪ˾żҲĿʳڼأ̲ڼɽǣżңڼҵһûᡣ
ӡ˵˼ǣ
İָУϪ˾
İѹ䣬ϸ˵һЩֵۣõġ֪ӡΣ
ӡ˼Ƭ̣׵Ǹûʶĸˣô⡣ȻڷСô˵ܲԼ˵ģǾڷСɡ
İȻ仰ҾͿԷʩΪˡνȡ֮֮ģǶʧõģ


65 ǰ
ҶСᣬȥ̽һЩ²Ϫ˾Ȩ󣬹Ȼ˵Űǡ˵סȦţ飬ζеš
ɽկŸոսûжķ䣬ҶСסĴݣڳģûһЩǰһ̻ǴһĶֱȶԼŴɣǵöԲС
ȻϪ˾Ȩû֮ǣҶСҲͷģ˸ɽȥϪ˾ѵȨҾǼطСѶǰģȻȥͭʸͨ˵¼ǰԼڵΣʾԼȫɸΪ񲯡
ҶСк͸УɽկδһۣλүӸûʲôҲԼøʲôҪʲô
ҶСλ˵Ůɽͳɽ˭۸Ĳڣʹȥ֮Ҫ˼ʲôе˼򵥣
˵ҪҲǳ򵥣ɴ̾СƾʲôһȺװŪͺ¿ţӾͿ£õĹƽ̳ϣΰġܵĹʹ֮ʹӣȴҪһ峤ɽȥ̫ˡ
ҶСλ޴־ĳεĺܣֻƲԼĥʵǸܺõңֻеģĽ̫ף滮Ķʮʮ֮ԸʵҶС޴ӽ
ҶСԼݣһʼûʶԼյܴ߻Ч̬һֱƽȡ
ؾͲȻˣȻǸ״ʦƾٲá޷̤;󲻵ѵѡΪԹ԰
һӷؤؽַͻȻʵԼʧɢ׽㡣ǵү̬еʧˡ
ͻȻҸͷأǵҪôǴҪҪôǮҲˡլҲסˡĴһˣе㲻֪ÿøʲôˡ
ҶСΪɽկδһЩ滮ٴкУ˵ԼĴ㣬ҪѯʱһȾʯȹСֵƮֻµСƵģߴߴؽУиĵͷӣü۵ɽկ´գžͲˣǵ˸ץˣ˵ǸһϪҪء
Сʮͣвݣ߷ƣǸеֶŮԴҶСԱй¶ϢΪɣֹаնͳΪ֮󣬲ݾ͸ĳΪˡ
ĵģҶСȻڼҵʦүɣҶС˵꣬ͻһ£æҲʱвˣ֪ҺͲĹϵǰǵýҶˡ
֪ƤͷһֻСƵķ˳ȥ
һİݺͼʿ˽Ѿ⿪İһҶС찲ȻҡͷЦҶˣ㱾´󰡣ɽϿ͡ĳͱһ
˭ü۵Ĳˣã
ǰҶСص͵Ϫ˾ٵ˳˵һ䡰ü۵ļһϪ˾٣˲ò࣡ȥ˵ĳرʻʱʱһ¡
İĻǿЦѣ뵱Ҳһţ˵ˣȴҲ˹ģôѾͷУͳˡüۡɽǳ⡣
ҶС캬ЦӭǰȥİҸһλǱկկУλկеĴʦУλλİ
İæ˵Ц飬Ȼʩկףѧİˡ
кмҶСͦҲûӣܸӵػ񣬻
İлҶСֵұ絽գѾկдʦϸѯϪ˾ͻľϪ˾ټһȨ䱻ץɽȴҲܹŰ
İȻͺãͺãԺΪԺΪе̸ˡ
ҶСկдףλͭڼݵĻţءǰ˵ַ֪ڼȴΪԺΪ
һΣҲڼݶס֪ţί뱾ͬϣܹɸΪ񲯣̸ķʽ˫ˣνս˫ˡ
кˣİƣİûĳǰݴҺ͹կúùͨͭڼϪһ֧͹կߣڼһ֧˾Ǹδĺӣ¶ĸսң岻ĳȥڼկһˣʾշɽϡ
գ۾˵ˣͰҶСղź˵İ취صԭסɽﲻ٣Ҳûκ˱֤ɽɣΰĹͣҲɽǳˣ
Ϫż̫ҲĿˣŴǣ浱ɣʵ˵ҵկʿһ·ɱȥͭʸҲڻ£
ЦһҵҪӾ˭ܵסңҸпɲǲˣǵҪܼ򵥣ҪɽѾˣ˭Ҳߡ
аҿɽ˼ң಻Ϊֵ֯ҲͦݵģկһЩû׳˼Ҳȥֵأûеذ⿿Ҳòһʱ֮ƽϢò֪үһأǵ
İ˿ĵϣǹȻҪ󡣲Ȼǿ뻮أɼҶСҲǿ֪֮⵹ǿԺˡ
İɽʱй۲죬կʿƴ£˿ʵϵĺܣһ㶼û١ǻط˵ʮ򣬳ʮͳʮʵʵʵ档
ɴһİԸҲĳ⡣֮ǰڼկӡʱ˵Ȼеɽկʤ̣ҪͷǱȻġЩҪʲôĿǰҪľء
ڼ˵Ϫ˾ĵżңڼҲҪֳȥһżҸҲ࣬һϪͶһǿǣżңڼұżҼʳ
ӡѾͬİԹ鸽͢ĪĻӭΪưǨ֮ءɽвǿҪ׽ˣǱǴֻɽаˡ
мڴˣĳΪǳɽϴӦǼǣٸϽٸӦþĸٵΣΪȰö֮ءҲڼݵ˼˷ĳȥϪڼʱϪڼҵӡ˺С˾ͬ
ԣڼԸկڹϵģ֧ǵҪڼҵ֧֣֪Ҳ׾ܾǵҪ󡣲կϪ˾һΣ
ҶСĵڼΪ˶Ըżңǲˣ
ʲô⣬һô˵תȥŮҶС켱æתĿ⣬ͷһмͷİɣǸСӣһСʲô̸ģ
İװûҶСʾЦػش˾ȻСɻӡҲô˵Щ£Ҫ˾Ч
ͷΪѵصҲɣǸСһҰɣ


66 Ф丸
챾ΪɽҰȻڿͤν֮ͣ鱻ڿͤǿѹ֮ЦصҶСͷӻ˵Ҫ˸ȥֻ䡣
ʱ˾ûбѡ񣬲Ϊ˴ҹͬ棬Ϊάͭ˾棬ֻ˳һַͬѹסȡж
ԣӰаӽﱸǮѡ׳ʿսڼҿ϶ǳģҪսԼӵܱһζڴһʤ̣ϻɽڼҴȥ˾ȡԼ£һã
ȻʱİȴͭڼҺϪڼң͸֮¡İһҶС첢ûаͭʾΪе˼Юʤ֮ǴٳĻᡣжϣİͿԷĵˡ
İö֮󣬳ȴɽٴȥڼկӡһҪɽУء
ɷµŮŮֻôһӣһиô˾֮λ͵áԼҡɷֶ̳Уֻаٷ֮һķգҲð
İ֤˵оûɱЮС˾˼ɽ˵ͬҪеصǿӦ֧֣վȽŸڼǵĲѡ
ӡҲİķȴǲϴӦöɽİֻֻ֮صеɽկ˫ɽһط棬˫ֻӡ
ҶСԴ޲ʣܹȡͭʵڶ֧֣øвСĴͭվȽŸ֮õ¡ǣдӦİĽ飬İæɽӡ˿ʼﱸˡ
İѡɽΪ˫˵ĵص㡣ɽߣ˫ţǣɽϹʯᾣͱ֮ݲزסˣõһڴ
ͬʱ˫ڹȿڻˣ˫ֱڹں͹Ⱥһͻ⣬һԼʱ롣ӡȥһɽ쿴˵֮ͬѡ˵ػ档
ڼկ͸вƵӴȻڼկĽ¹ȡ˾̽ӱ˵ڼկ͸вƵƵӴ֮Ϣ֮ϷԸ˰Ӹ
һ˾ڼկ͸вƵƵӴвϪѾ˶ˡ
һھ޴ľŻ󿳵ͷˮ
ԴǰԭѰʦѧյԸ֮󣬹ؽƸλʦÿʦָꡡŰҶС֣֮ѾħҶСӮʲôʵǲġ
ʦţȻ׻һðôһûͷûԵػùһ㶣ȻŸף㶵ص£ʲô¶
˾һİˣ֪䣬ӶҪûˣԺҪ˾ģҪӣӣӹŵɽµĸǿӣƥ֮иƨã
㬵زӻ˾Ҳûôð취һӽ͵ڼҺżһֱڷǹҡںòڼҺżҷǹ˳ɽĻᣬһС룬кڼҴͨһǹҲɽ𣿡
һ˫ۣ㶵ؿŸףΣڼһҧǵ˾Ǳǰģկһֱòɿѵ˫пܽΪѣ
˾ٺ١һЦе㳤ˡסûԶĳңֻԶ档˫ˣֶԸżңܹϷֵżϪأΪڼҲɳ𣿵Ȼ˾ʬδں̸Ϊʱ磬ǿȺ͸вְ
˾˵صһķ֣޺޵صǹҴɽǨѾһٶˣһֱɽڣҲ߲һƾʲôɽĺõضռţƾʲôƬɱǻҲǸ֣ߣ㶵ģ㶵²ҪġһУǻűˣ
ֱ׳ĵҾ˵ɣǹҵͲǵвһɽȥ˵ϪǹҵˡӣʲôãԵǲƥеģ
˾ӣֱǷƨһڴ󵶾ͽоԵˣʼҪǲӣҲһɨƽ㡭㡭ǲɴ
˸۶ɽ첻û취ô
˾米Ĳ𣿸бôİ֣ڼկüȥвܲˣһͷɽֱͭ𣿡
ЦǣҴ˻ôʲôһϲЩƵĶֲǲ֪
˾һƨϣָϹһôôµĶأҺǰչ֮ûгɹ˵չѾͷҲǸֻǹŪҰѾͷҪǴյһǻкãɣҵúúô˭ҵĹ飬ҪûͻݵӰ⣬ݼҵܹ⡣
û߶˫ֳֵȱȻĥʦոմĵΪٱ֮󿪴ءƳͣǹ仯٣˿Ǹ
˾ʹ߶һ󣬼ûж죬Ըаο̧ͷһˡϹŭĿָŸ˰۾йҰοж︣ĪΪţж︣
Լһ㣬յʵ˵ʲôţ
˾ɥصȥʰʰȥһ˸еɽկ
ͣµӣֵصȥеɽկʲô
˾Īѩ̿ѵȸв¸ȥ᲻ɣҪȥȥǺڼկ֣ټǹңɴϿһܲǹҵĺã
˸вӣǹҪɽӻʲô˵ǽհ˸вæҪʱԹô
ɵص˵е½ȥ̸ʵЩΪˡ
˾㽫ҪҵλӣҪԡǶԸвкô£ûɲӦô̸㻹̸˲ɣ㲻Ǿʹڿʼѧɣ
޿κΣֻôӦðɣǡͶ
˾Ϊ˸׼һֶܲܿȥɡ⣬Ϊѡ׳ӡ
Ͳ˰ɣǺ͸в޳ͻмżҺڼңԺҲʲôͻûɵǣܶô
˾һ۵㵱ȥΪ˱㣿˰㵱һصѣҪʵһɽЩɽ㡮˵СĵȥҪ֪ҹұǿ׳ֵýύ
ǳɣȥ·
һߣһֱվһߣۿԸˣȫԼڵĴܼҾʹյ˾үǰ˾Ըȥ׼һٸկ·
ܼ˲ֵʵүҪկ·ʲô
˾ûص浱ҷСȥڣܷĵ£


67 
Яɽˣ
ҶСһϲԴӸвϪ¹ȷһֱԹۣЯɽȻǾһ۲죬¹Ѿѡڸвһδʤ¹Ѿվڸһˡ
ҶС켸ѿھҪ˵롱֣ɻֱ˻ȥȱ̬Ҫô졣йȻϰԵҶС峤ΪǷӦü
мѯԼżҲԸ׽ľǺżйڵġȻżйڣǾǵѣȻӦü
ҶСһЦ˵ĺãô峤ͼ̽һ̽⡣Ȼرһ¡
ҶСڳͰȵĺܡҲ˵˻ŮţҶСһ˵رܣЩżˣæߺαػرܣӦ֪ɽϣβһأ
Ҳ߼ȻڣǸΪҵøźãִ£
ҶСΣֻõǡҲȻرһ£һɲסȥӭͣ⣬һٽôжϣ޾òףҡͷʾ⣬ûбʾǱֻӦǡ
кȻӦŵҶСлر˳ȥıڿտգҲûôţҶСܵ˴棬кվԺſڣӭӹ
ĺоŻ󿳵ӺƺƵЯǲе˾׼ʵݣȷǽ񱦣Ҳ޳Уʳţ򡢲ƥ磬мܷĳǺʵõʡ
һкбЦݿӭȥһ˼ЯϼһüЦˣټ϶ԷֳԵ⣬ͷ¹ȶøС
йЦӭȥ˾͸ү̫կոүȴô񣬽ôҵء
ȻĻȴҲôһ˵ô˱ǸУֵ˵Ŀǣ˿ûʸ
ȻһͷҲǿ࣬ǿ׳ġļ򣬽¼Ƚ·ɽ¼һɡ
ڸĿУزʮױĴ֮ʿҲƲۣΨظһбϧ֮УæȭλؾǸկˣСֶҸ˼ʺá
˾ǣһͷȺУͷѹüʣⷬԻͦ壬ϻοڵٴҲǺӣοǸգƽʱ֪ɱɱϹֵʵǵ͵òٵˣһɫı֣ҲΪ㡣
ЦеصããϷէûվȽŸͺżҸˣҲû˵ȥݷھӣҪͷ͸ǰ̽ʵڲ
𿴸Ǽ׻˵ĵ壬˾Ļﳤ󣬴СĿȾ㲻ǸӣèѧҲףҪ̸飬ֱֱӣͲ֪ίˡ
ȴоȻ⣬ϲæӿڵҸǰկ̸̸顣ż۾ͭ꣬һĿˣѹĺֹկһңҲϣ˫ͬͬˣ໥Ӧ
棿ǿ֮ˡү룡Դϲȵֱ۾ߡˬĺӣҲһøˡ
һۣںһӣЩգûԵûѾϰ˱ɽв֮ӣȻҶС½ȴûôǿңҲ⡣
˾վȺУӾȻô˳ͺ͸дߣкĪͽɵɵԸеկСֶݱһС˼ɾ⡣
ЦطԸΧ۵ıկǰɽկԭʼĹᣬɽ˼ҹ˽ǽȴҲ޷Ҫ빫ͳһġ
˾ǣ򽻸һеŮˣͷβŹݡУڵĲʮˣȻ˵˾αװڻ׸ӺεϤǸ濴һۣ͵¶ڡڸаѱڣԼӴ
˫˴ݣ㿪żɽصҵĲ䣬ͳɽ˭ϸյ˵أ֪ͭɴǰΧˣǸ֮󻹲ģơɽѺòǰȭǶҪָ֪˵ġ
֪ͭʶżҵ˽կͭʣȻжʵҹҲסɽУǰʼǨɽδ֪ΪԼˣկνͬ
˾վڸʶؾȥͷּæסϲϰĵĶӣȻ秵˵ʵڳ֮⣬еСԼıӡ
кôһ˵Ϊ֪һһʹһҲͭʵûо졣ȺԸеôկкδأ
еҲǴͭʸһ֮زǡͭʸƬػţϷɽʱۼˣƾʲôǿռţȴ׼Ǹݡ֣Ϫ˾һȨϷ֮УϷǣ֪һأΪҲС
ˣϲصկҪʳҪƱǶЩҪȴҪ֪ӣʹӦοϪһҲֻһżҡ
żҵʩʧġڼҵԸͬвˣԣⲻ⡣
˵İҶС졢İڲݹͬʩʩȻ˽
ҲǸ飬Ҫ¹ȱɸвܵѣһвڼҵĹϵ¹Ⱥ͸вɽвɽ⣬ֻ¹һͬ
ϣһһڶϣó֮ƴϪ֣ͿԶмȵƽԭشڼҺżγɼй֮ơȴҪ֣İˡ
˵İȴҶС죬ҶС죬ۺ찡ĽӨӨӨӨҶСˡȢֱˣôûԹָİܼȫҶС֮
ݺݵصҶСһۣĿڲݹϣСѾͷ㣬վλҶСܽԵüǡа޳ܵСƭӨӨ湴ġеɽկżţȻֹկĹ
һ𣬸жʱˡѩޡͷһƹ١һ˾үܸвİȻǲͬնģϸ룬ᵶᰮʤƺСء


68 
Ҷˣ
һ˽Цӭȥ
˾ԹۣҲ֮վ̬ǹղԵӭԼʱҪ⣬룺ǻǸڼңҲǣͭʵڶڼҵ֧֣żҿˡһ룬˾Ӽᶨв˵ľġ
ضҶСҶС죬ԭ㣡Ķٲѽ
ҶСЦص㲻ҲһţͽвԩҲͷɣ
ףʶأǺѡ
ݺţؽ漴㿴ﻹϽո˵仰ԡü֮ۡѧһ侫ʵĺ
ϸشǶߵԾ̾һ£ٿģƺ͡ü̫ۡ磬δЩźŪԼոѧĺʻ㡣
ΪĵԭǸկֶŮȴҶСҴҸݻկ˫˵ģλͭʸĹٴΪ⣬սô
ҶСȻͭʸĹ٣ȴͬڼݵԸвǨϪΪӦ֮⣬Ӧưáҵⷬ⣬կ
⣿ЦһԸеկǹƶˣֵıǻɲҪسԴ
ᰡһĵԭǽѡ
İ΢ЦүѾȷ̬Ҫָ֧կˣֺαСˣͼء
΢΢£ȻˣΨͼһб䣬Ͼܱ壬ͷϵһ⣬ܼõʲô¡¹ȴ˷вˣ˴ұ˻Ҫկף˫Ӵ˳Ϊһˣǳ⣬ô
˾վȺУòһ뵰СӣǲʡġոձֻȦɵ㣬ôӾͳȥˣִ¶֪һô
⻰Ҳһæү֪ϷֻһŮ񡭡ѾżˣԸүⷬ⣬Ϸʵڲܽܡ
һָݣկĪҪᣬҪȢģ
£һ˫۾ɵԲһҪף˼ֻеģһ£ôͻȻҪ̸ۼˣ
ݹ϶ԸŨü۵ģпø߰
ĽСżͷǿܹӽؿλã߲ʵеվһ𣬾ȸСĳظߣҸƥŮʵףӨӨҲȲݸ˰ͷ
һвȭʦҶСĵͿἰĻ²⣬Ҳͻһ仰Ūе㷢£ôˣĪǵ˷ڣôţҪȢ˲ݣԼʲôϵˣ󣡡
һ𾪣ֻԲݹﶯɫģԼġ֮ʡЩ֪룬а⣺̰ɫСȻλ⣬һҪҵŮˣ
˶ͻȻҪֶŮһʱҲе㲻ӦٿݣЦү۹⣬ǣү̧ˡ¹ֶŮĸ飬ؼһʱǻ̸˰ɡ
կҪżҵĵأǲҪżҵˣǾ״Ӧģڼҵ֧֡ҪټǹңǾͲͬˣʱ͵ϪżңȫάկկĻӴ˳һˣկһ£կԴȻȫԮġڼȴδõ
İһЦ͡ڼΪͭʵڶ壬ǵһ̬ȣԸеɽկĪİǹҸȲ˵ġȻδﾫﾫҶСȴһĸ
¹͸вˣʸ־ͭͳȨڼͬǺ£ֻȴԣֻϣλݹﲻϲͷɰɡ
İţȻ˲һۣȴݹһ˫ˮĴ۾ڿŸһ˼ӡİӣλݹòҲ˴ء
ɽϣﰮһɴֱӣһøУŮϾͻɽԼİĽ֮顣ܶ޾ڼɽӦУʹ˶
Ȼûгɽ裬ֱֱȥ̬ȶԲݹ˵ȴҲͻأʧͬʱҲԭŮһһ˵鼰ԼĻ£ߺӿһ˶ع뷿ɧظ档
ݴʱںΪ˵һӲ֡࣬ƺûʲô޵ģһ˵ˣҾҲãͷȻ̫Щⲻ󡭡
İΪȻصôѵ˵ûеϪĹȵƽԭֱżҺڼСڼҼȻ͸կһ𣬵ȻǲϣԼҵ棬ѵῶػԼظկ
һҪկһأֻܴϸ⡣֪ڼҺһģ᲻ڼңͬǵĽ飿ʵټǹҵ֧֣ҲѱӾһżҵʵȻǰҲڵ׸ĵز
ݲصӣΪ˶һֱֱȥôǼ֣ϸءҪֻżҸأȻϴӦ˭涨һҪװ׵ظֻҪżҵĵأ
ԼڶδŵܿЦСΪ㲻˵֪Ͳ²Ȼֵû㲻ȷʾҪһأѵʣ
˭С˼糤ˣҽвݣҵֺ
Ĺĵذһۣ΢΢һ죬ϽֵȻǿҪأķΧȴֻżң֪ȻϴӦֻ֪أһƫ̻żң໮ڼҵĵأǲӦֳǵĲǣɾܾˣǲǣ
ͷȻˡ
ݵһЦֻС֣ͦţȻ˼鶯һһϸϸװ׵ָָָ֪᲻һģ
ݰؼ·ټָ졢ƤһЦģøģӨӨһ飬ǰȪŮӣʵ̫ټˡ
֮УҲֻдСڼʮ岮ϰٸõСرµӨӨɱһȻĴ档ɽϣҵָо
İ̲סʵݹ﾿ʲô˼
ݵѡһͷ׳Ĺţ˷ضУճ䡣ţԶ䷶Χ֮ڱ㾡ɽկУ֪ܲһͷţҲ˴ͨɣ
İɻصȴһͷţ߳һ·֪ѡһͷţô죿˷磬α֤ͷţżҵĵϴһһͷڼңָǺã
Ц룬ͻڻȻ˷ܵصùŮ⣡


69 ޵
жҶС졢İ͸һɽҪֶξԡڵʹ˽˶ϰԡζͻɣաƶֶΡ
ݸղһ˵о˼ҶС˻ǰҹɣܾе㲻ףݲòһţֱڼҵأڼֻ¿Ķˡ
мɲԸȥǣͷţݰյķһƬɽԤһֽţͷţǣſȥţȻղʾ·߱
һЦҶС˵صΣ
İҲǼʶˣȴͷһؼʶֶΣЩɽڶɽ˽֪ʶϸ룬Щģķȷʵǽţʱ֪šţϽţڼҵô죿֪ʱţǷ񻹻趨·ߣ
ͷ룬ǿδˡ
İüͷһ壬Ҳ˵취ʮþȣ
ؿһۣмصѪõİ취ɰվֵһģοʤ㲻ֻɡӿ϶ģĿŵףѵôʮþȣֻаѵӵĲϣͷˡ
İЦϷ򲻸ðգֻǴ˾ٳɰܹϵڼҵ棬ĳڼݵίжЩ²ĳԾķΧ֮ڣկ¡
еֻڼҵĻţˣд˹Ҳ֮飬޷޷ֻһ취ǷУҪλڼݵ˼ˡ
İĳã˼ƴΪСɣ׼ţĳͻͭʣϸݴˣݴͬ⣬ȥ˵֪Դ˷ΪկϪıһϯ֮ء
װΣȴעҶСľٶİҪͭʣҶС߲ߣ
ĸĪҶС죬ŮҶСʵǲӰˣҶСɽϲߣ浣Լ̫Ůִ಻壬ƫһףôʵϵĺӣܲԿ
ҶСЦĹǲ޵ɣҺһͭʣ׼˷УߡҿǣȻڼҺ͹Ҷվڸկһ֪ʱƣȻòġ
ŨüĲϣವһϽסͣ±ҶС쿴ģıⲻˡֻǸʵڲϲŭǸüɫӣֻҪϹӶó
ֵһۣĵɵԼ͵͵ɶ

ҶСİҹ̵ظϻͭʣһͭʣ糾͵ȥڿͤ
ڿͤһľ鷿Ӽǡڿͤھ鰸棬һ˿޵ѩףڰ󣬷˴Լ鰸һֻڴ󸹵Ļ߲ͣһ֦滨
İϸ㱨˴˷ǰϪľڿͤͷٺúÿһ£һ·࣬ȥЪϢһ°ɡ
İһߣڿͤͷܣһͦεϱҲ˼᣺Ҷˣӿô
ҶСɽطǰմ֪϶߻᲻ᷢ޷ȷԡзյġ漰ڼҵĸ棬¹ʵڲôʣȡᣬݴ˾
ҶСһζܣԺɵڿͤҪˣҶСôһ˵ʹڿͤ¶˾ġһ룬һ鰸üգֵð
ҶСɫ΢΢һȻת˲ţڿͤϸ緢̲סʵҶ˻ʲô˼ɣ
ҶСҡҡͷûʲô¹ֻǾãҾϪһֱżѹţͼύУӴҲпԭݴ㡭
ڿͤ΢΢۾ô
ҶСݴΪðɣ뷨ȻǺõģһҪΪʧȥͭڶ˾ֵ֧֣ð𣿸еĲܸݴṩİѵͭ˾
ڿͤĵ֪˽ǿģܰУҲͲܶжˡ
뵽ڿͤЩɥǰֵ̫ǿˣǸպҶСʶʱ򣬻ǿҶСҶСӴ˶Զ֮Ҳǰִ֮˫ơ
ʵһϵеı仯ҶС찵ʾŮˣһᡢƯŮˣֻǰŮˡκΣҶСƺϹӣһֱӶ
ǰڿͤޱ˰Ůˣһһһһװδ磬ĪЧӣֶĵԻˣҶС죬ȴʼʹϹôͿһŮˣһܶ˵Ůˡ
ҶС죬ֻΪ˴ﵽĿġδҪһǰСŮˣ̬Ȼ仯ѾһΣյźˣֻھУʶõء
ðɣϾ˵ĳʶ̫죬һ̴£ѾһܺõĿʼָһӾ͸ı̫ࡣ
ڿͤҰοţڽ͵вҰ̫ȻͭʹС֪ˡִ磬ǾͿԽΪѡҪĽϪһ֮أ漰ط˾ĵ⣿
ҶС΢΢һЦ׵ݴ˵е֪׼ʱȥ֪
ڿͤ˼һ£ɣ˾ͭʣЩʱһֱڳƤҪȥеļλǰк
ҶСȻˣ¹پȻظˣһݴ˻ϡ
ڿͤݸҶһжգ˼ˡһͬģȻˣҲͲǰԧĶˣذɣһ
ڿͤȤҶС죬뵽ҶС˷ظضİ檶һٿ뵽Щ컻棬ﲻЩᡣ
˵ⷬǴ֪ͬҶСȻҲ˵Ц䣬ɶԷǸŮˣҶСͲýӿˣֻǸЦҾһ¹ٸˣ
ҶС췵ߵſڣͻȻڿͤҶˣ
ҶСֹʵݴˣʲôԸô
ڿͤˢˢˢд¼֣±ʣֽ𣬾ͼϱī죬Ȼд֣Bá
ڿͤȻһЦý֪ʵ˼ҵı
ҶСӿһĨŹֵһűӵлݴ̹棬¹١¹֪ˡ
ҶСߵſڣ̲סֻͷһۡڿͤкޣôˣô˹Ź֡
һ룬ڿͤͻ࣬Ȼ뵽ԭ˵ϰߣòŮӵĹ̸ֻۼ޵ʱ򣬲Ż˵ż֪ðɣŮؾ຺˹أǡ
ͻȻԼĹ˼ʲôĪ˼ô룬ѹҶСǰŹ֡
һʱ䣬ڿͤһ޵֮Уֽ˫סӣָ¶ģ觰͸ĺɫ


70 
һ֮أ
һ֮أ
һţ֮ء
ڲôʹֶνвҪ̫ȷļͳ˺ܳһֶΡͳ˧һ֮أ췹ʵۿּλӲһ죬֮ػΪķҲй˾ţ磬һ֮Ȧٵأ͸λ´󹦵ͷ˶ء
ֻصֶΣǲݵķϪϵӸӡϪĹȵƽԭżҺڼҹͬռ˾ųɾţҽӵɽһСط
ڼҺ͸еɽկߣƱزԼѣǾֻżˣȨǷַͬʽظвӶսµżңͳ⡣
֪õĴһƬţÿ˶оһֺѹֵգѹҪڬBã˾ã˵вֻҪϪԸţһ֮صİ취ȡɼҰĲǺܴ󣬴Ҷһ
һؿһۣ۹۱ǡǹģΣĬذֻڵȺɽӲƣôߣǾûʲô˵
Ҽ۹۱ǡǹĵءֵڬBãЦڼݣ˵ҪɸΪ񲯣һϪͻôһ⣿أ˭ĵأĻҵģ
ڬBĵһЦ֪Ϣŭ˼ⲻǰǳͷţڼҵĵأڼҾʳԣżҵĵأ֪ã£
յڬBûһװۣӸĴ磬ȴǰһ泯죬ǳǳЩۣ֬΢΢˵죬ֻССı䣬Գʮֵġ
һҶСһͬõʱΪλͬбҶСһ󲽣ʱȻϸϸԲҡŮζʮ㣬ɲڼһı֡
ڬBЦúģУͼıżҲҵŮˣһЫ˶ܵԻӺٵһЦôֻڼ˴㣬ҪصżҰɣ
ڬB޹ص֪ԩ˼ˣʹţأֻߣ˭ḶЩ˭˵ءأҺϲ͵Сһˡ֪˲ͬأҲû֪ȻϪ˾һȨ󡢸߸вˡҲܷ㡣
ŭؿ˾أô˵
˾ǲǻ˵ɽսʿʱǾѴùġ˼ȷʾֻϪ˾һأǵ޳ͻ͸ûгͷˡ
ɤţŭôһĶװƣôͭҴҵͭʣͬ۹ãɽͱˣһǵóѣضôߣԹۣ۵ͷʱ㻹ָ˭ȥǣ
ɽ˾ĺ鶫һ̵ص֪ˣϪһأԭϡϺ͹ҡڼѾͬ˸вָвüȥģɼñʤ㼸Σ
ԴҶСȥɽ˾ˣ˺鶫һ·鶫֮Ĳֻһʼ鶫ұֳ֣ԴڬBú칫ѹһͷ鶫͸ıڼݵĴȣʱȻҪ
˾İӳ˾˿˿ڣҲſǰ˾˶ϡ٣ƶսĻҲʹյóһʿ䣬ʵڲ°
һӲûˣ˾ԣŮսʿҪԱ˾ˣôҲܴյóһǧ˵ıɣȻ˵ֻܴյóһٸˣ޳֮
ͷֲܿƵرҶС״ϽȰ֪ϢŭǧĪҪ¹ٿλ˾սֻϳɳءʲôºҪŭ
ҶС첻ȰãһȰϽͣİ˶ϳɳأѵϷϷټ˾ͭʴ£һƹ٣֮ˣʲôʸУȥ
ҶС쵹ǴǼöͷιȥԺȰһ䣬˭ϵ˷ЧۼŭڣҶСúúã֪ĪҪŭ¹ٸ˾ˡ
㲻ߣ
ڬBûվһ˫۵죬֪˽վۼ˾Ҫǳ֮͢»֮ͭ£
仰Ƿԭеˡ֮Īʲôط²ǳ͢£Ǹ߶εĵطͨ͢ССλ˾ӿƬͰաĳ̶ֳϣЩ˾үǰǵͬ˽ġ
Ǿʹ촰˵ɣ˵ǳ֮͢£ôвǨϪʲô⣿Ǵо֮ĵ˵ǳ֮͢»֮ͭ£
ڬBȻô˵֮ͭඣ
նصû
ڬBõĻҶСͲߣ
ӺƾʲôһλǾأһ˾鳯֮͢£ɲߡȻ֮ͭ£һ٣һ֮һ֮ʲôʸ£
ڬBõΪҵˣ
ţ
ҶСȻɴ۾ˣʲôʱҾͳˣô֪
ҲЩȻڬBúܴݵصҶƹǱֿѣҶءڼҵ£Ҷܵ˰ңļȻ֮ͭ£ڼΪͭʵһӣûʸ£
ŭڬBüȻάվٸҶСȥƲҶС첻Ȳ˵Ҳ˵ߣֻܶ˾ǵô˵Ƕ޳авˣ
ҶСվǶҲǣҲǣΪѴڬBЦ绨֣ҶСֻű߹ȥڬBָָҶСԭλָָԼλ˾
λ˾һϺܹԾվλáҶС״ӲͷƤһ£ᵽһĨƷߵ㣬ҶС첻һλϲ˵ļݴˣȻ֬
÷˾˾һڬBãһ֪ˣΪٳһأøваеĲֲǷڰãвҲ˵ԸǼǣͭʹϽôԣΪӦöԸваá
ʯҮ˾˾ϸһ䣺޳ɣ
ھʶ޷Щ˽ĵ˾һжҪ붯УֻܺϴһԱżҵıԽСżȫıһв򾫱лǸϻɽżҵľ׳жʧʤ̻ʲô壿
ҧأͻͻҲ÷ţɱѡ
ҶСկ˵ԣǽ׳ţ٣
ݺݵصãͬˣҵҪ쾿վ˭Ǳߣ


71 һнп
ǣһͷţ
˵ţɵúܣеĲפɽͽţͷɽǨʱ֪ɽͷֻ֣ǿεƸ˾ӣԾѡɽ°տв֪ǳΪţͷɽ
ţͷɽʲôɽڹٷͼԼط־϶ûмأֻǸİΪô֣ôɽΪţͷɽҲмʷˡ
ոշǰףԭһС֪ѡ͵ͷţſʪĲݵϣβʱʱһС
߾ݣȴʳãԼѾԱˡ
ΧͷţֱżҡڼҡҡɽկԼΪ֤˵ļλ˾үǸӪμЩѾֻмʿ·ϡ
żӵİﻹıͩһ·ͷ׳ţģţ֮ǰĲݵϣԱ߻һ磬⣬ϺõĸרŴġ
Ϫ˾ٻţͷɽϡ͡һλүΪס£ѣûб׽ɽҲ˵үֻǱݸߣʵͱҲʹ˲ʮꡣ
үӿͷţֳǼ磬صţǽ׳Ĺţôõĸ֣ᣬɶ˼żңۻţĲô
￴ͷȻԵĴţС͵壬˲ĻǵҪôˣҪôͻ棬ֻڵϻһۼԼֻҪϹĵط㣬һҪô
үӻȻ򣬸Ű׺ӵͷԭˣ÷ĺͲ棿
㣬û˷ͻĻ϶
үɫһϲ޵ãƵĹϸ̶ԹúҲͰˣΪλҪһͷô׳Ĺţ
ͩ幫ţǺֽŵġǲѡһͷ׳ĹţǱһӦǣһͷţ˵ûǣţѾ߹·ߣţסϤĵ·Ǿƿˡ
ү룬ΪȻź롰ص˵ͷڼҵ˴ʱûϵһ˸ϵһȺ˱߹ʼͷţԷżţֽš
Цһ߿ͩҲ漴ϡ̤ŲݵػУʵֶȷţ޺ɫ
ͩͷ˿ѹǰ游׽ʱֶУи˵Ǽ£ᵽǹҵʿϲɱţ˵Щʿţʱһֳֽһֳֺ첼첼輸£ͻѶţķ񣬲Ҫسȥ
ͩЦЦֶҲԲʵֻǹҵţţϲòͬѡţԹһΣͷţȻΪɫֶֻ趯˼º첼ֶͳЩţֶϡ
ȻãǶϢû֪ǼȻطվӮˡٺ٣ʱҵҪڼǸС˻ôޣ
ͩ΢ЦĿ֮£ú첼ţػһֶ˰취ֶʮ·ֱӭ˺ˣŴϲǰֻҪţżȥڼҵĵ̡
ݺݵصͷţȻӭ׵ģô׼Щ̣ñը
ͩصֹ̣ţһӦȫ
ֶһۣЦ

ҶСİͬСмλɽկͷţɽկﱾлŪţˣİڼλׯڰʽ˶Ըţ͸練˼飬ȷδֽš
ʱϪڼҵӡ˴ŶӸˡڼկС˾̧һÿУϻһ常㻶ϲܹ
ҶСһͼһѽסڼҵС˾Цݿ䡣
ЦŶҶС͵˻ͭʱɽկڼկɽˡ˫̸úܺãڼկӡ˵кʵɷǳԾöӰ˸Ϊ常ǺǣλС˾ֻƴ꣬ɽʱСƺϲء
ҶС˲ɷ˸۶ڸ˳˾ʲô͸Ķˣһվһԣ΢ЦŸкС˾ȵӡˣȻ򣺡С˾̫СĸڸҰء
ҲãҵĹϵֽһ㡣СƳҪ̳丸λӣΪвģڼկկ˱˴ӦҶСҲּɡ
ɴˣҶСȻ뵽δ׽ˮɽΧˮɽǹҡҡչҡڼңһϵڼֺ͸вֳݡ
ʱһ壬ֵҲֵòɿ֪Ϫط᲻Ϊʲô飬¸ݣʱչڡļңֻҪϸеĺ˰ɡ
ҶСȻʱ򣬹ಽظŽСĲݹһ·һ֦Ƕժһ䣬֪ʱȻһ֧ͷ׵Ļݣݹ͸㡣
һ𣿡ָڻϣŸ۲ӯӯ
ֿͣãһ̫һܶļôۣȻҪأɹ˿ɲۣԵ⡣
ݱⷬȻɽѾлüЦӹ󷽷شͷϣϻ׺žӨ¶ˮȴڲסޣȻ˱Ȼ
˾ڼм䣬͵͵ŶӵľٶдޣҶȻһϲԣ۹⵹ǲŮ޶Ư±һҲܺÿôֲҶĲ㣬ϱӲҪã

գ籡ߵİ˲ɫʣ
ͨţ߳һͷǿ׳÷·һ̨սƵĴţѾվ𣬹·һʿ˿ס
ֵ׳꣬͸ߴ󣬹ǿͨͺڣֻţǣֳּ⣬ǳ
ߺ𡭡
Լ˷磬ʿվţ棬ͦΣеĳڿкݺһӣžžžըıը
ͷţȻǸ֣Ҳϰ˸ţͷǿ׳ʱѾԾԾˡԷ㡱޻ڿըʱ˫ȣǰȥ
żҡڼҡҡеˣԼǰ䵱֤˾ǣ׷ײͷţĺ棬ǰȥ
طţƿ˲ˣԭϵںյѸٵʣǰҰţԶܡš


72 ϲ
ţֻһأոշһ£ͼǰӭһȺˡȺ˴ĵ֣һ죬Ǻͮͮģ϶˺
һͷţЩ͵õͩġˡţһͷţˣܰ
Ĳߣڴְ̧ӵĽη»νһȥϪǴϵ״ָأڼңżңһߣò˶þܽڼҵء
ʱ̫ոҪɽͷţֻҪ㹻ߴƬڼأһżҲԼΧڼ͵ɷʴһס
ͷţǰһȺ˲ֻȥȴֻͣһ£͵ͷǰȥδЩӿĺˡ
ʵţɫäԺɫʲôرĸо˶Ժɫо⣬ţʿú첼Ϊ˵ǶţţԺö֮ǰֱʱţȻñ겻йԡ
ʱȫɽХ̼ʱһλţʿſ鲼ǰ߻ȥģͻἤŭţӶţʿ𹥻
ͩǰΪ֤󴫽ʿ˵ѡùţ˿첼ȥ̽ͷţ˴ɽҰǣżҵլԺ͸оİͲټƣȻ𹥻
ͩ˵棬ֻţĶԺɫ䷴УҲ뵽Ĳһ¡˿ͷţΪҪˣǰЩһӿˣûǰرȥ貼ƬƣԸͲǿˡ
ͬʱҪߵ·ϣвѾǵĶطһҺȥһֲ֭ҺͶҺĻ塣ֲɢζţУǺܸȤһֲľζǶҺǴţȡģԼţ
ζԹţҪԶԶЩź·һ·ӿİգǴţԥؼϡ
⣡ǲӵ̫ˣͷţһүͷġ
λĵĺӼţûбæȦֳ˻һ߳һߺҵӣҵӡ
ϧǳʱͷţѾӻԱ˹ȥҶС졢İеţ棬Ŀ֮½סţơ
ŵصôͷţΪʲôȥ׷ǣ
ͩãȻᰡԹģĪӵ̫죿
ＱͷţһֱǰߣôȥߵĽȫżҵˡǰߵ׼ΣһҪӽټŭͷţǲɲ
ͩϽһҴҷԸ䣬ɱһȦӣƵǰ档ǸţߵٿҲܿ㹻ʱȥ֪ͨڶ·׼
ţǰУʱһˣʱΪ˷棬һʯͷһ㵯棬ڵϻһǳʿţӲʱըڿУʱҲţϡ
ҶС졢еβǼʿ棬лͷڶֶЦ̣ӭ׶飬Ȼżҵ˵
İغ϶ˣԻ񡣳װ֮ʱӦڶڻƻ֮ʣ֮ʱһܳӵģǶʲôıƣ
˾СȴҲһƥɫСϣͯǴ򡢼мţôĺô
ͩϵǰߣѰһص·ߵӭ׶飬Ҵǰߵʧˣǿӭȥ׼ã͵̰ߣʧܣүػϳͣ
ǰӵĴһ˵æӣĵźǰϵһ컨㶵ʵĶӭţô
۵ô֪ӭȥͷţ
һȺΣֻ̧Ӽӭȥһ·Ҳ˲ô򣬷·Ƶģܵǽһ仨ˮɢҵĲӣ棬ȴǰ棬ִ񣬶
ԶԶһͷţ߻źöˣĴϲ֪ҵ˸߲ҵؽ
ӭ׶ͷţӭȥһ󣬺Ȼӻں棬ȥţҲδ̫ˣֻվסкߵĽη
ǼηŽܵú䤱һó̵ľƴ񱼣ߵڽײˤ¡ҡҰڣθͷһ㣬ɫʮѿ
׷ϣͷţҲ߽ˡţǿٶȲ죬ο硣ٶѲһʼô졣
죡վöΡ֣ӭ̣̣׼㣡æҵָոӪһϲգͷţѾ߽ˡ
˭ҵĸţôܵˣ߿߿ӭȥװģسԱ߼Ҳҡӱƽҫһɫѡ
ͷţ²ãûҵɿڵݺɢζĸţƢټЩ˹ƣ衱һ𣬳ֻţǵľ޴ͷ­΢΢£ֳ˹
ʲôµһţȻŭȥлͩŵģ̫ˣҪΥǰԼӿɲˡ
ȵƨ˼Ȣϱżʲô¶Ըķ䣬ˣ
죡𣡡һزڽڣĴӵĻǹƵİѸٴȥһ˽סΣζӣһ˼£ûȥѾءһȼǵҩӡ
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ڻδȫӣ;ҵըˣӡһӳӣһ·ϵ˾ţոӳӣʮԶͶڲݵ۴
Ǹ˻ĵѱھȳǱȼķɿ죬ըֽмɣȲѣֻòֻӿǱսӣߵȫˡ
䡱һ죬СαըķѣڵҷɣͷţǱһȺ촩ŵŪĸ꣬ٱҵıһըʱ˷裬һǰȥ
ǱԭǴȼ֮ţ࣬ʹӵģȴǰըˣЩţĹĺֶվ࣬ʹö飬ͷţܵؾ򶫲ˡ
ؽѵҪе˶ԼҪϣͷţżҸ֮ȥˣɵĿɿڴмŹ֣ŤͷһɹЦѵǣϷˣϷˣ
ͩ龰һŤһۣЦЦضڴµλӡصոոճޣо̥Ҳģ


73 һţɽ
ǱڶһһըĽͬʱȼˣһʱмҷɡһƬƬͻرġ۾ʹ˻һǰ͵شȥ
ƥķλǲݡݼ״һӿȴˣۼǾֱײڵĹϲĻˣ
һ̧ɴԾ£𲧴ȭһ𣺡߾ȭصػڰĶϣһƵײǱǱȻһڵϡ
һĻʵ䣬øе˴Ȳʣ
ݹ￴вĹɡ
ǰһġѹ£ʹҽҲᣬֻתеʵݹû°ɣ
ûҡҡͷĴ۾ˮģпź밵룺׻Ŷ
ţܳأŷٶȣͩĿŵغţı䷽ؿ޷ˡǰߣÿ翪һ棬һʹ
ҶС쿴ţԽԽԶȻģٶԽԽôȥֻ»ߵĽȫżҵأҶС̲סİСˣôȥֻżҪԼˡ
İڼҵˣ⣬޲ͷţһ춼żҵĵͷתƣҲ涼ϣԲԸͷ
ҶСİͬ⣬˫һЮϵߣţõ·ô
üЦصûУţһѾƫԭ·
ҶСüͷһ壬ɲðˡ
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ҶСżǳԶˡôȥҵżһ᲻ϧһҲҪԼǵĿģɲǺƴܾˣǼþհɡ
ô˵ͷݣݣ
ݺ͸ζУ֪˵ʲôĻüۺĵӣһȭȻѾ°ķġһкæϹ
׷˼ʶȤվɿ⣬ҶСһɨȻǿ򶨣ȴüһüģҶСĪ
жԲݵԸ䣬ݵͷйһɽկʿ˲ԽһˮҽַԸ˼䡣
ͩಽظǼţʿ棬ɫԽԽڣۿҪͩɫԽԽ죬һͳ˹عûע⵽ݵС
һƬСɽʱǸˮҵûӲƿˣֶȫ޲Ѿ߬һĵĺ
ۿţżҵĵǰǺ޲óȥһڰţҧڳĲֻڼҡҺɽկˣмλ֤˵˾ܵڻš
ۼţżҵĵͦǰжʮ͵Ϫ˾ڵСǣ˫Ŀ졢ϢݣҪˡ
˫һЮҪǰȥͼţƺߵˣᣬ˼ݣȻŤתȥ
˫Юβ΢΢̧ϱŽӲƴԼϢʱ䣬ȻȥģȻǺ͸¡
ͩһĻЩʹʧֶѵ͵ļޣţȴתһӵĽǺŭȻʧȥ˷йһ˿ƶʵ˵ѹ
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ʱͣɽȪˮ¼򵥵س˵ʳͷţҲϺõľιһˮΰ͡
һʱ䣬֮ǰȦĵأܼʱţͷɽôţ߷Χ֮ڵ㾡ɽկУΧ֮ڵĴׯʹׯеİաڻǺʱ򣬱Ҫͷţֳֵ
Ъ˴ʱɽկ˱Ȳţ·ˡ磬ţڽڼҵĵ̣һؽ磬ֶƵ̱ϣǵ̴ӷеһֶһע档
ڼ֮ʿţԽˣѵϣôܺ޹˼ɡߣȻյͷţͽڼҵĵ̣ѳһĵأļ󣬲ٱٶȡ
ʿʱʱҪ̧ͷ죬ע̫еλãǱø̫ɽǰ»صţͷɽʹر۾ż۾ͭ꣬ѵĵͷ𣿡
ͩҧгݵصһֽţһֽţ
Ȼҡҡͷţҵģһ·ֻǵ˳¶ˣܶʲôֽţ⣡Ⱑ
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۵ĵڶȡһֻƳ档Ȼû¿ţȴԼţȫǱ
ǵļƻͷţӦûǰϻţͷɽţܾ̫ܵԶһǴżõĵأǱõĻҪ࣬ȴҲ˵ʱ䡣
ĻأҲüġȷټǰеʱǿԿţߵķΨھصʱǿԳ档
һЩ䴫˵˷˱أȴΪ̰ᣬ뿪ʱ䣬ͱһ¡ֶԼҲƵĹ涨̫̰˻ȥʱ䣬ôͬˮһա
˽˽ģȻڼѣڼдƬأеɽկȴûһĶл뾡ܵΪ˶ȡЩȻѣǼţ߼·һһ¢ذһ̵ʱ±㲻ˣֻпĹơ
ƲףӱֲƳɹҲӳ˻ҪԳֵĵͼƳ棬ʦһ㲻᳣̫ĹƳ棬һֹƳ棬ÿһƵĹʦЯǾǵҶСս޼ƿʩҶСʱȡֿԪ洹֮ĹƳ档
ͨ˷ô˹ƣ԰ٶȡӦ屶Ȼ͸֧Ĵ۾ºһǱ߷̫໹ɥΣաõֻƳʱˡ
пɫضеϣʱˣȥֻǲܼʱϻţͷɽ
еͷȻųֻƳ棬õʾļţʿϴߺеƤӶ
ֶͩڳڣһۻ׹̫һͷţƹһȼųȵĹ⣺ţܼʱϻţͷɽôмõһжҪΪӰҲʹӵá
£ǲᷢģȻ̲ɿƣһ÷صʱ䣬ڿأ˷֮£ֶӳĿ⾼صͷţ֮ǰϻţͷɽԸԼҵΪһλ
ţʿǵ·ܾһ˿ԼӿЩٶȣٶȣ޷ǰϻءֶ˷ˣֹƬ̣ͷţͻȻ衱һƣ峿ʱһնˡûбҪʡţҲÿǵ⣬ʥʹڽա
ţһԽԽ죬̫ͮͮѾѹɽϣֶҲЩħˣǿһ̫һţЦͱǵܼ䣬ֻ̫ûɽۣЦʱ
ţͷɽǰСûɽֶۣƵĺϲϲϲˣ
ݣݣݣžžž
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ͷţδȻһڵϣѺľȫţһ¢䷴ţΪһ䴴һõϢءȻû֣Ĺ½Զϡ
еر߽䣬ںܳһʱڣǶûȷͷţ߹ĳȣʮһţ֮½ɽҹӵġ֮ء


74 һϲҳ
Ÿլ޺ϣŰܺͶµض˵ϪȦصľ󣬾þòһĨ˰Ѷͷĺˮ̧ͷĵص磿
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һĬƬ컺ǰţͩĬĬظں棬һ·ȥ֮˾һһݵڣżҵ
żҵ·һֺĹɽšᡢӹ¥ȡʯ̨ײϣɽţ
䣬Ӳɽʽܣƽǰܹ˳ǰ羫ϸ̣͸ɶ칤߽ȥѳȼٶĳҫš
Ÿ˼鱯ؽ׷׹򵹡ߵͷȻϢ¡һصؿͷͻȻͩһ¹æҲŹ£ʹĿҲֹ
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ͩʧɫæߵͷȰֹ򲻿ɣ״ˣССʧʲôԽ˺εܴ裬ʮۡʮѵվһѩǰܣԸ븸һżңԲżҵģҪǸѪĴۣ
ȻΪܣܺռһŵļΣ㵣ɡ
ͩĿϴӦؿͷͷשϣѪģһƬҲһԽȰ˹ȰþãӼӼǲܣһǾƣҲʵ˵ˣֻ̾Ϣա
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ǹ룬ϼһλͷ˵ء
һװΪڬBùճ毺ö˵ߣǰҪôװҪôŮװװ͸Ӣ֮ĵŮաȵߣ׽ռС
٣ʱڬBúߵҶС죬ϡɽ·խľֻôһխò··ҶС첻ܺУֻϤ˴ɽ·ĺ档
ڿòľҡҷУҶСһֱרעضǴԲӯǻԲӯһǳǳϸϸҡҡ۵СرʸУҶСֱֹ΢΢ֵӯĸоԻصͷ
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߰ɣȥǶ
ڬBָһ̽±ڵĹʯǿʯ¶ͻأ̽һأڿУʯﻹһòɣŬذ֦øԶ羰⾳ҪȥҲҪ
ҶС쿴˿·ɴ˹ȥֻ±ڵһۿһխҪ±Ųȥһ̤ͻ£ǰǿ̽±ڵĹʯţǿ治ðա
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ڬBòҶСʲôʱ򹫿ݡʲôķʽѾеظоҶСЩ֮ǰ˵ĹϵһѾ࣬ôӳġ
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ҶС룺λŮ˾⣬˵ҲడΪҪͶЧ°ɡվӣôܣҪǽԼĶӣʱ˳ַһѱˣ

ټ˾ԸвǳţȦصİ취˵ʱڬBþѹʾҶСҵˣ֮ڬBҶСͬι룬ʵ˴¡
ӴˣڼµоͱĴ󻤷İںڼߵˣڹٸﱻΪֵģǴ֪ͬҶƹ١
ĸ棬˹ʵľҶС죬Ƕţڼ֮԰ҶСΪĸǿĵʶıԡȻҲвˣ²ҶСڼݵףڼݶϹˣûл䣬Ҳδף᲻ˣǣ˵硡
ЩҥԲᴫڬBõĶ䣬ҶСҲ֪ʱԼͶ˽УᡣУỹڳĽ赱У彨Ѿ깤Կʼѧˡ
ҶС֮ǰίͰɫĵʦУ߽죬Ѿʼ޳ѧϢ
ҶСδƽУϣԶ޽ᣬʵУˣѧӶˣ
УǸţضGضGͷһؼҶС죬ϹϾششˣĿǰУѾƸˣѧһٳͷϰǻæÿ
ҶСͷܿͻаʮѧѧЩ˶ǴϪвģҪסУڣʳס޷һ˰ţϰֲҪ취
ضG˷ģϰеģֻڻûôѧӣƸҲǳзȻѧҲܺҿ
ҶСص˵ͷʱһӸոѧѧӱ鱾ҪһãͷĽҶС죬æվסѧ˵˼仰ѧӱվסһ鱾ߴ
ҶСһ߹ȥЩѧ㼯ɤУã
ҶСֻ⣬΢Цף޵ãʦصӿɽ̡ӿɽѽ
ҶС컹δ˵꣬ͼЩѧˢˢһҶС첻Ȼǡ
ضGЦǾǴţǴˣн죬ԱУһ¾ҶУ

ضGȻæϾѧڿΣǱУĹǰʲô£ҪԴ˾ͲҪƴˡ
ҶС΢һ룬Ҳٽ飬ЦˣҾµУˣϵ£Ҫ鷳ģ
˵ţУſڴһҶСŤͷһӿŲ߹ȥվУſڵһ˴һУĹڷɫЩڴֲڣʱЩˣҶС찲ŵѧǰλϵ׾֮һ
УվһƤģˣԻУɫͺ죬ɫͺڣһ¾ԵøˡƤ߻һ߰ĶͯĲ
ҶС߹ȥüʲô£
УҶСݵģһʱ޴ŵصˡ
ҶС˰֣һǸƤʵﳳʲô
УɽˣƤ˸Ѫͷȴỹ죬ֻðɡǻطȥȭˣ˵ǽ˶ʶ֡˹˵ĵطĸҰֻ̡
ʱҶСһʣͷϵǵ˵ƤָҶСŵصǿѧǸˣ㿪ѧÑ°ҲԸǣôţǻҪǿҶѧ
СкӵصԼģҲ֣ѧ
ƤһƣѧиƨãǳתҶС죬ЦҶѧҲͬⲻǣΪ˹ǻغƭһµޣô׬ģ
ôһ˵ֻҶСûðɣһƤıӴӳô󣬻ͷһؿֲµĻ˵»ëˣҰ˱
ϹĵӾǮյûţҲ˷ϣ㰮ѧѧƨ°ӻǮӶ飬õ㲻ɣĻˡ
ָƤıϻţεƤ۾һһģĭƤһѸĿɿڴλУ˸ղŵĺܡĺţ˿ôģˣĴºţǡ鴫


76 ѿ֮գ1
ڸɽһιӴӴӴӴϴӴιϴ°솪ιɺӴӴӴӴӴι࣬˼ҽҵö࣬ҵò࡭
ӻܵò֪ν˻ƸɬΪƽʱ˵öôһһĥֱֱƤ
ѾС㳪һʱ򣬾֮ززҶ԰еԽԽ߿һдԶȥʩ㣬Ѿ㣬һڣ˶á
Ŷ߽԰һ磬Щߵס˿ڡҲ֪ԼĸȽ֣ҪΪҶСһ׸ĳŵʶؾԴο˼
Ŷ߹Цصû£ʹ˾ͺˣûʲôȥĿ
ŭ۵ƨ˭ˣҡڳ裡
ӴСֵصԭڳ裬һΪ
һۣߵ㲻ȥҪȥͭʸٵôôҼҲߣ
չͼҵǵʵùˣȴҡĴȻȺ󣬵λȴ࣬Ҫ˵ʸͬĴκһҾģҲֻҡ
ԣչҿ£Һܲ߶ѾˡǰҵŮͰӵ˽Ҳ԰ǰͭʸΪ֪ٵʱ⾭չҵĵ̣ǰá
ӵҪˣ治ҪҶСӸŶ
ĵصҪֲң˼Ůӣô֣Ҫϸֺô
ӶҶСľٶ֪Ĳ٣ЦЦûţһֱæúšţŮ˳еҪö࣬ΡֵܵΡ׷ߵΡҺڵΡ㲻ҪôƴΪʸףʸȢλŹŮȥ
͵˼û̫æɡӸŶܻװɣ
ЦݣòҪ㲻ݸ󲮰ɣ
һ۵㵱ǰ׳գ
׵ͺãҶСػ־ֻܿźˡ̫й¶ݣǺ¡Ұĺܴ֪ҶСݣ˵ʲô⡣չҵʵһɱǿĶһչҴɲֻ
ᡰšһɡ̫ʲôأ
һۣģ̫ûжĴ㣬ǰϣȶġ̫һУֻкôûл
ĵصֻ֪ǡ
̾˿ѽΪ󲮣ֵҶЩˣˣҲ˵ô࣬һ죬̫ĿġһΣȥͭʣĲһȥ
ĸһֱã뿪
üС̻ذȥЪӣǼҵҽǸС̺úõһ¡
ЦչҵפҽҲǴСµĲȻã꽥ⲡˣҪȬѣ
һʱ䣬öԣֻŻҶǵӴת㡣ãӲų̾˿ˣ·ˣأ
űԶȥıӰҧҧ´һȣ
ȻͷͼɿܹҡҾ͸ȥһ棬Ȼͻأ


֪ͬſϣ˯𡣺Ȼˣ֪ͬһۣͼſԱߵϣֻһǿ㣬˸ϴζЦ
ôҹֲ͹˰ɣθ޶˯ţٺ٣˹ˣŵɡ
绪ȫͲޣҲǣ˫°͵Ʊϣ˿ص뾡лĪŹ
ƲƲ죬ЩĽصժ˭ҵĺѽ
绪һۣٺٵЦҡͷ˵˵
˸۶ŻŮӴѣƫҸˣ߯Ҳȱ¡֪ٵأ׼ʲô񣿡
绪ιŹ֣ǲ˵˵
һһ˵Цڷкһ󶯾λ˸ոսʦΪáɤŴ󣬻Ҳ࣬Դӽݾϲ
˶һһΣһЦΤ֣ȥ¥
ΪΤֵصˣϣ־ûбȥô
ϣֵ¥ͭõ¥㻹⣿бҲѧѧ˼Ҵ֪ͬдѵҸŪûǸ£ֻûӿඣ
֪ͬ˼۾ָСⰡ֣ٺ٣
Τֵ֪ͬҪѧ֪ͬȥ͵ӡ
ϣֵҲ̫˰ɣ֪ޡϷ
Τ㲻ҪЧ´֪ͬôǴ֪ͬӶ͵ˣҪѧȻȴӵ⣬
˵һʱ֪ͬϾ΢΢ɫЩ顣û뵽ԷȻ֪Լ֮˽ƫƫʱ˵˳һ֮£ʱ󺧡
Ťͷ֪ͬϲŵľŭ
ʱֵڴ£ǡɿǶԹŮ߳Ǹκң洺ɫֻձιĲèǰ˻ֿٺ٣벻֪ǵĹУǻͷɮ͵
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ʱŭڣ˫ĿصŴ绪ȵմģù
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ģһʱҲ˲ñϲ룬һ֪ͬ״ĸҵһ¾ͻ´һЩòĹӱ߿žص󲿷Ͳϡ
֪ͬżϵһǿ㣬ЬҲ˲ôȾܣ󱳵룬һ˫Ѿ׷һǰһҲƵܵò֪ȥˡ
ڱΤϣλݴ˰ΣΤʵôɰɣ
ϣϽµأһӣЬĦȲ쿴һ¶ĥ䵽ڷ䣬ͼڿտգǽϻ¹ڡϣ֪Ͻӻȥˣڸڣ
γʧɫȻˣҽ˴֪ͬĺ£Ǳץңߣߣ
˵ҴҴһǮȾܣֻϹ۵İĦʦؼ齵ͭǮ
ʱڷʦۼʱˣص˸ڷһȻվסףأ
̧ͷ˿ü鹣ûǼŷ
ʦͷƤϹŵ¹ڻڣĪλһȥé


77 ѿ֮գ2
ͭȫ죡
֪үգȫиҵžͿԷŴ٣Ҳֻ˾Ȩĵطʵˡ
ӲҲɣļҾ֪ã֪ԭ˾ģŻǰ棬壬߶˾״ġظ֪Źɵģȥȥͬʱдؿͳ룬ǳʲôӣ
֪ŵĲźͺҲˣŴǰͳҹأżҵᡢͷˡͷˡСͷ˵ȴССְ˾˸ʳƥѼ⡢ۡɽ䡢㡢ơ
˾үգԼǲûһĵģҪһж¹ǰѹԼĿͷˣǻ͵֪šʱӵĳӡӶϯ棬ҲȫżҵǸżҵĺԺѾ˸ָĲ
ųͭʸĹԱҾ죬ɲŽ󣬱Ůֿб֪ԺµĿŮĿ
ﲢûԭ̴ҲϸŮͣʱͻŮ߶б߶֮ԴԵؽз룬ֻΪôҸӾˡ
ŴרӭӾ߱˾ݵĴҲĿǰĵطǰʮҲʵļҶͦصվǶԱ߼һܾ޹ģһ˾ҪʾڣǼܾ޹Ĵ峿ڻδӦһΡ
ڶùһȦˣЦкһЩͭʹ𣬺ȻЩԾһɨͷһ£Ϸǰøȥ
ﵽǰãͼ֧һӣ˺첼ķıһ˷°ͣش˯
ˣ
ӱߵ˼£ƷһۣǱҶүվǰϽվү
мλ˾үˣ
˷ͷ˿һǵ񲾣ɫص⡭ү
˲ЩͷţɣôҲ˺ƤҴնɣ
ԶԶģϲķңһתҪլȥĿɨֶ߽ͩվס˽Ų
ͩһɫѿ֪Ϊεģæ첽ӭϣС˵常صģֶҲЩԣʹ˳ȥ̽һص˾Ѿ˵ģֱסڹ˻رѾ½ţεıˡ
˲˿Ŵүգظ˾Ȼ˵أˡ֮ǰ֪˵ʲôûһӵǿ˵֪գڰݻᶼȫȸ֪һǴ⣬漴£µĺӴӴ˲İڲ
˿漴һߣ٣ǾȻڣ񲻵Ǵĵ
ͩ̾˿ųԣϢģǽǺѸЩʲôˡһ̰ɣȹ꣬ǵĽҲ˵ʱŻżҵ
οصţúӣż㣬ϣͲҺˣڬBöͿˣ־
ͩ˵ͷ΢ӹһ˿
ֶߣڵģʱֻ»ˣǵȵǣȿۣ
ͩΪǣ۵ļʱǸǳ־ǹⵡΪżңܽ⣬׼ʱۣ

ϣ⸸һȻЩԾԺѾ߰˰ˣϰϯȴֻСèֻ⸸üͷеԾѽ㿴
һҲʲô˼֪ٵǶˣ

⸸Ͻŵһ֪ͬҲû
׿˾ݲ̸Ǳ֪֪ͬ˵ֱ¹٣ҲӦһ£
˵ţĿĹˣؿҶС죬ҶС¿ߵһϯԣʮСѾϵģ׽żһ߱ûʲôҲҪ̬վԵߡ
ҶСѾΪڼĴ󻤷֮һЩΪ˱ӣԶԶģһֻҶСһˣԵرէۡ
ҶС죬˿ƣǸҶǶأ˲ҶĶȻҲ¶档Ȼˣ֪ͬҲ᲻
⸸ʱҲˣصغһΣδǶ֪˴󲻾
⸸͡һ˰ɣ˼ͲˣҾͲţżҾݴ꣬˵¾͵ˣ㿴ŰɣżԽûһдǵȥɣҵſѿʱ򣡡
ҶСһڽǺġۼЩŮӶùɷЩ֪ѣ߲ƵݣҲһЩбȥݼһЩŮԳɴҲվȥ
żҽ̳ʧĽ֪زٰһһżҵʿڹԱʿҪЯҾ졣ҶСδȢޣҲûݵһݵͼ檣ԽҲˡ
ۼԼǰܵҶСЩݣøȥȥݴͷһҶСϯֻܳǾĵشһ
һŻ籶ԽСŷβȹ٣˶飬һ˫üϸ£ϲ޵ĵ֬״
òŮгͣעĿ˺棬ݣ֪Ҷƹң˿˳ˡ
ЩȨˣ㵱òϾ꣬ƫƫĳˮ齿۵Сƣǵķͷζô˵Ǹ檣ȻЩͬϯɶǣҶСŮˣżҵĶͷ
ϯûһŹӶĥһ˱ŹӶЦЦصѹأһ¼ңҲܵǵ֮ͷСģ׼ǶһӵĺֶΣ˿ģ
һڼһҲһ£صҲ˵û׼˼˸أʲôΣιҪȻڼô
һϯ˶سԳЦͦ˶˵ĲʲôûȴһЦ¶ݵģֻǼϸĨΪĺΡѾͷʵأƫƫɵĲˣȻѹƫƫҷ˼˵ҰС档
׵һ˶ŲˮŤ׸֫ص˼ҰɶÿඣСӣǧӽǼˣҪȻšӴ
һ仰û˵꣬;ƺײһ£һˮϣʱһ
ҶСŭسԣһæվӵصϡү
Ҳش󣬲ڼһС磬ҪȻҪṩˣۼҶСŭ棬ﲻԾЩѹҲã粻ҹģСΪҶ
ҶСһ߬С֣ɨһϯˣޡһмһȺɵǶ
ҶСﳤȥһȺǶҡ


78 ѿ֮գ3
ҶСǣݵֻصǰΪȨЯ޾Բδע⡣ҶСȽǵľϯԣ£
ݲصС磬ǲĶòãǲŶҡԲҡҲ㶪ġ
ҶСŭδϢصʲôòãЩֻǼñ˱ãǣˣ
ıһϯչͱѾϵҶС췽ȥʱͱսţԲʱҶС죬ʱһϲ
һҶСݵ֣ǸǵӣչȻ֪ҶСŮˣɱϾδȵĳ棬еʱһĨ⣬Ťͷȥ
һװڱߣټԺоϯ鲼ҺģҶСûпʱʱѵ֪ǰǣ
ʱ̣ϲ࣬ķϼϯ˸۷׷ףʱæҲ׷վ
ͩŴ˰ͼ۵ӻ߳ͼͩŸ׵Ķ˵ʲôϴɯһص΢Цͷ
ͩ˵˾ⵡԳҪϯ·Ϣаޣȴɫֻ˺Цͷ
һϲӹţʱôܲŪһǣ˫һ٣׼һɽֱŻΪ֪ˡո衷챣Īˡɽ縷꣬紨֮Ī
ʹӡʫСšѡһʫԭʫ⼸䣬ԭʫǳǹ̾յģЩλʵ۵Щ̫ɻ䣬ֻѡ˹ףٵȵľӡ
ͳƵذ˫̧ЩʮλɽֵøӸ߿֮㣬֮ɽ֮٣干ɰ֮ï޲С
Ǹճɽ֮١;ñһɧңվڲµʮλɽȻĿתֻ۽⿴ȥͼһ˹żһǿ㣬ͷɢϻͲޣһͷԺӡ
ʮѵصɽֲԼͬءų干һһ룬ͼһ㡢㱳ǿ㣬Ҳ֪Ƕö˸İ˳ʱ硭ûˡ
Ƕ֪֪شٵ֪֮үʹ죬Сѱǿ򶨣ӲŰѡɰ֮ï޲С˳һŤ޷ݡ
Цݿšո衷һĻȻɴ۾ŭͻȻӵüǱ˾Ǵ֪ͬ
ʧ绪ʲô
绪һӣȻıڬBõĴȣʱҲ˲ˣǰȣ֪ˣֹˣ
Ŀŭ͹ŭŷˣմģƴҲưոݣޣҹɩҴսٻغϣ
һ߼ݣһ׷Ŵ绪תȦӱתͷת̲סŭȵˣǱ֮ڣ˶׺ʲô
֪ͬܵף֪ˡ硭١ɽ¹١ðɡҸմģ졭
ͩ״ٵ˽ˣɫֻ࣬޸׹٣ûдֻ˫ۣһ֣ȵλˣǹˣģɺͳ
ָŴ绪µص㡭
绪Ǵϵģʸڷϵʲôԩĺܣ֣Ҷѣѵ㻹Ųң˺ҽӣˣ
ݺݵءޡһڣϻҪǺཻ֪꣬Ϊ˱ԣһأ绪ĵĶҲɱ㣬ĲΪˣ
һӵ֪ۼؿǽͷӶ϶ŸֹŹֵЦݣɲȻŭϷˣϷ֮ڣȻģǰңд
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ɫػվɻĿ⣬˵ϢѾڱѸٴסˣɳšǰͷϢ˵ڼݺ˾š
Ѿе㲻Ծˣţ
ʷͷð亹΢΢ǣǾţɽȥˡ
ŭɶص֪˹٣ǻ£ȥζɽζɽҲͰˣԸǰⲻǴ֪˵ô
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ģǺţ
ҶС찵̾˿ûлͷڬBþżҵ𹥻ʱ򣬾Ҳû·ֻ޷˵ȥֻǡƺҵǡʱҪ¡
ѣ
ʱ̵ͩ
УУ

ҶСӿһֲԤУѵԤвҳʵûСεһ¾ҲûվֹͣգӴ˳Ϊļˡ
˴ľ˲ֻȥ˶ߣ˺ޣԳ֪ͬв֮ʵ»ʹ֪ͬƴʵϵѹִ֪ͬѲ֪ȥ
ɥְ𡣻ԭֻӡո衷ˡ


79 էž
żҴңվȺȻɥ·׵֪ĻΪӵ׶ӡ
ҶС״ǰȰ֣ҪˣҲطŭ֪ͬΪʵжšԷҲûʲôֻǡΣִⲻݣҲδʲôô
Ȼ֪Ҳֻǽһ䲻⣬ǻһ죬дӣȨƴڼĸ֪˱Уżүסڼݣôܸ
ҶСɫִˣƥ֮ŭѪ岽Σٴ岽֮ڣƥһŭһȡжɷΪΪΪ˹ⴭģܷ¶ֻ˼ǲǶ֣
޵ݣս˫ȭܵ˵ĶԣȥƴжͭʸûңûH
ҶСЦһִشˣ

ҶС˵Щ֪ˣãȻ
ҶСжɷʲôʲôֻƾ˼Ҳֻƾ˭ƴ˼Ӧúúһ룬ֵֵȥҪɩɩ겻Ǵ֪ͬѹˣǿ°ޣСΪǿֶþһսӲң˹ɼ飬Ϊ˴˵ȸˣֵ𣿡
ͣصǸ͵ԡƺЩ
ҶС˵ȸˣֵΪκ£Ҫ˵ΪжɷλޣΪ޳ܸˣֵʦҵʦҵʦ㣬˵Ҳ˷ʵΪܣΪ㲻ֵ
Ȼʣ͵һﾪˣ˵ûǼ˲ֵΪƴҪúõػţһòٱٱĺŮӣȼˣ͸޵ݣ
ĦȭƵصͻؼңдȥ
ŰӡŶӡһ󱳵룬˦ֻѾӣȥˣҶС쳤˿Ȼ˴ЦҶ˺ܻȰţʹ˴˵ɱģ
ҶСһȻһ㡭
ɵذһۣ˹Ƶģ
ݾϲسȥס֣㣡
չ΢ЦֱۣҶСЦ˹ֻէطЩȣ
һƶ죡˵ĺôòҲӸŶҡ
ҶСæʵæİӻã˯һⷦˣȴôýⷦģƿ˶ȥ֪㰲ñģ˵Щ̲ķϻк棿㿴أ֪аҲм
еʲôв̲ķϻŮ˼Ҿϲ
ҶСʵţϣ֪ͬһô
䣬һȣ绪Ҳ֪ĶŪһӴϣָģˣҶϵܣ˵ˣ
ҶСһϽĹѰ֪ͬȻΪôֻվְˡλһλһλӢӹ֬׷ţ
ݺչһŤͷȥֻ۽һۡ
֪̩ͬȻҶСڼ˾ڶɽͣһȥɡ
żҵѾȫȥ˺լΰɥ£ǰֻм֪ţѾߵ߰˰ˣЩżҹϵ׽ģվǶ˽ʱ̾
ҶС״Ҳ֪ʱٴͷϰӡչһͬ˸á
֪ͬҶС˵ݣʢӾǰҳӣʧʧżҵǰ첻ˣӺβͬɽһΣǶõúܣ
΢Цл֪ͬ⣬ֻǰĳϲӦ꣬ǰŸף٣ҲֻǳںӦ֮ɽҾͲȥˣлᣬĳ磬˻ۣ
ݲͬǰһĳӣҪ̳ŻΪġһһŰҵԴ֪ͬ룬ڶɽбض˾ү֧ڼݵĽ
ҲǡˣӲʴӦͭʸΪ֪ͭͭʵ˾죬ӦءӸʬδڼζɽô¶
ҵλȻ֮ʼձ˾֮׵ĵλҲΪǲ˾֮ˣȻӦ֪ͬҲȰ
ҶСҪȥɽոռ棬ȴ룬㲻ȥȥҲǰҵˣù˼ôࡣ
΢ЦɣˣұҶλĹظɣ
˴磬ȴҴлϲȻһЦ
ӻݵ뿪֪ͬЦһ˲ţҶҲѽ
չ׵ұҲأ
ҶСЦλϲñȽرŲΪݵģҪĻ絣Լأڰǰ棬ǱŤĺܡ
ۿɽҶСһ£һȻ֣֮£ĪڼԤ֮У
ڼ㵽յĴ̼֪أŮ˵ĻĺıҲֲ̫ˡҶСҲЩ־塣
֪ͬһʧЦôܣڼݱ죬ҲԤ֪ڰڼ㣬ĴҲҪ׳Ƴˣ
һ֪ͬձ¶ȣʱӣû¡
֪ͬһȣش˸ָߣɽ

ˣ
ڬBȻǰŵĶĿ
һεõ϶Ļش˾ʱȻǹŸǰҡΪ˽һӵ桢ѹżҵֻû뵽ôȻ
ӳշޱȣ帺أʵһ֮£ԴΪ򣬼ѪһëŵɥһǵȻҲҪֻ֪ˣԭļƻ裬һӱˣ
˾۷׷ף÷Ү˾˷ܵصݴˣӱ䣬ͩһòô£ǲǿǰ˾żλˣ
ڬBóΣԾϣ鶫̲סݴˣˣαسɣ
ڬBõλûʲôһҵȲˡݸ˾죬ֻҵͱˣ棬ʱŪɳ׾ˡ
˾˲۷׷ף޳ɡ㲡Ҫܲˣȱͩϱ֪͢λڼݵģҲ޳ɲΪͰ࣬ݽġ
ڼķԸ˵ˣȸԻȥٵԲȥȴɲȥȿżǸʲô㣬ͩʶȤִԲټ°գ
˾׷״ӦɽλҲɢˣ˾׷ɽڬBɽС֮ͤУԶ֪ţ˼ʱ򣬴֪ͬҶСչѾӭ˾ɽˡ


80 ɽ
ҶСʹ֪ͬչ˵϶ɽһ·ȥ;ͼ˾ɽһһ߻ţ鿴üɫ裬ҡͷ̾ɫ졣
֪ͬд󲿷˾ʶڼڬBãҲ˲Щ˶ѣͷһڼڣ;Ҵҵشкɽϸȥ
ɽϵľϯѾȥֻСͤڬBǰʯ̨ϻһײߣһϴõϡڬB˼
һӸĴ磬ŵ۷ǳ򵥣ɫͷһβɽһĳ´ƮԵüΪƮݡ
ˣ֪ͬҶƹˣʯչҵչһǰһڬBŤͷһ˿ǰ˿ĸо˶ޡ
ݴˣ
֪ͬҶСͬʱʩ

ڬBõȻ˵ţһĨ΢Цչּˣ
չֵڹã
չǵڬBˮɽ磬ҶС¹¶кǹôɫڬBͭʸļݣҲͭʸļݣչŲںⲻڬBõĹٳݣֻԹơ
û뵽ڬBõ⣬ڬBȻΪζԼе⣬ȴҲֻһЦȫ̽ˡһչԼ˼Ҵȣ̬иĹۡ
ҶСڼȻЩ֣һ߲ͤУһ˵ݴѾ˵֪˱֮ˣΪ죿һΪݴ˻Ϊϲء
ڬBÿҶС죬ЩȻƽ죬ʵı⣬֮ţһδδ֪ϣñȽº͵ֶα֪Э
ʣֻϷ˵ڬB뵽˻ᱻȻĺ֪֪Ͼˣ´󣬿ԤϱضмĴԣȨľֶҲᱻķǳʱ˵᲻ݸȨƽ֦ڡ
ǣҶС죬һӾƽˣأֻҪûͱλӦþܿסɣ
һŵСĵڬBܹ̤ʵ
ЩѺҽ;˼һģͶһ̵ˣ͵˼;˼һǺͱ˴Э飬ڬBڵҲЩûʧ
ҶС콨һָܵĹϵα֤ڽҪͷҶС첻ȥҶСΣգҪشȥȣǾͷġԼˡ
֪䣬̼ͨƻңҶСֵҲˡǡ
ڬBõĿⲻȻչϣƫƫŮͭʣһǿĶ֣ڣӽҶСĻ᣿
ڬBĥţɬȻЦˣȡ֮ģȴǰңʵԸ챩УЩ֪ˣ֪Ǻء
ҶС˶ʯΪΪҶСʹ֪ͬϲ衣ҶСοݴ˺֪ˣϸԼΪȴҲݡԼټ»˵Ҳݴ˺α̫ࡣ
ڬB̾ô˵ֻԿη
绪üͷݴôѶˣһΪǿԳ챩иһ̷ƣżүѷ֪֮λѵݴ˴װ׷Źû᣿
ݴˣˣôģһеģݴ˾ʹ֣ҲѶ֮ڡ֮ȴһٶ֡
Ȼȵ̳֪ͩλӣǾˣʱ񲻱˵丸ٱӣϾɱ߯ҲݶҪǺȥᣬֻҵȫء
ڬBҲ֪ӵ˵Ӧúعϳ֣ǰֻǲ߻־ٶ̸ֽҪԿܷҾֲֺпᣬЩ
Ȼֲô֪ͬͷ²żҪɥµģΪߣδ׵ɥ£Ȳ鳯͢뷷гʱȨ⿼ǣ
ڬB˵̾˿ξ񣬿һȷѪ⣬λĳĸ֮ˣǵĵط࣬λ˽߳Ϸ
⻰ǶҶСʹ绪˵ģһ˫ȴҶСϣչڬBõ쳣УһĿ⣬ῴǷǳĿ⡣
һŮˣƣʱܵҪ˻˭οڬBñһǿƵŮˣʱ·˵ҶСڬBĴ󻤷֮һǹϵʵһڬBƾʲô¶ʱ򣬶ֵ
£ҶСΪʵˣֻΪһŮ˵ıܣչ뵽˱˵ĹһЩ˫ʮ䣬δ䣬ҶСͬûл䣬Ϧദġ
Ůῴ˰ɣչжʱһΣС
֪ͬŲ裬һڣҴңͺڼҰһˣһپ٣һԼݴ˲صģĳƸۣɣ
ڬBȻһЦְӯӯһתͶעҶСϡҶС֪ڬBҪҲ̬вɽϪֻĵһ֮ǰ֮ҪڼҵĶ֧֣ҵһµġ
ӱЩ̣ʱݲð㸾֮ʣһżҷ̣ܻǧҳ͡Ĳɥ֪ͬ˵һپ٣һ𣬶˵γ
뵽ҶС쿮Ȼ˵ڼݷģԴҶĳնԱɽֶٲܺϲ۷ʲô£Ҷᶨվڼݴһߣ
ڬBϲصãͬģϽ𣡡ңҲʹ֪ͬҶСˣĿֻעҶСһϣȻĵչоͲôˡ
ڬBõ⣬Щ˷ִ磬λ˼Цˡɽٺú˼һľٴ룡˵ŴһֻϵҶС죬Ҷˣһġ
ҶСȥԱ߾Ѹ̽һֻ֣ǿŹˣתһͼչӲص˳˵䡣ҿϵٻģôóأڹǿŤĹ϶ɲม
ڬBչһתȻԳԵЦˣڬBڿڵǿŤĹ϶ǷһҲˣһģ˵ôҶˣ
ڬB÷ҶСһۣ쳣ΡҶСһᣬâڱսš
ڬBЦ΢ЦŹĴЦú𡢺ģΪʲôЦȴһԷ⹳б΢΢ЩɵĿ⣬бб˫üΪʲôһԼն
Ҷˣβȣĺ𣡡ڬBһϣҲģҲЦŵҶС졣
ҶСǽҲǣҲǣԥһ£ֻý˹ֻһ죬һ˫۾͵ŵҶСһЦȻٷŷţһЩ
֪ͬȻᵽһɲͬѰĻҩζ˿ڬBãֿ˿չɺǲ֪ͭôôںŮˣ


81 ̵ͷ
ŸլѾãڰλʿ»·Žײġľƣζ̴ֿ֮꣬Ľ˿ľ
ľͷֻе׹ʹãݵط˾үȨһټɽ߻ʵԶⷽԽͺˡʱɥᣬȨ˼ҴǰͿʼѡĹءðײģ߹ľҲ׼õģԲٰʮֿݡ
ͩڹľǰһϹδɵۡǶŽż⣬ϢزãΨַһŭү߶·һ߾߲ŵص顣
ҴҴ߽Ƽֶ⸱ģæϵˮ߹ȥסļͩѾˣӽԺ֮Ҫ
ͩɹǰ·ȫû
ֵҸո˱뿪⡢ȼλ˻棬ӦȥҪúðһ£ߵ̫ͻȻĻ̵̻ģЩԺǿɲš
ͩ۾գһ£Ｑˣ˫ץסļҡεͩûҵĻʱ˭Իš˭ңΨ㲻ԣף
ͩתˮͻȻȪһӿҵزţ˻壡̣̣һ̣ȥżҵõʲô壬Ѿ޿̣ڬB̫̫ţ
Ҳ̲סʵ֪֪ͩܣżҾҪָˣΣ㶼ҪеΣڬBò곤˼꣬һŮ˼ģҲһܹõ
ͩҧأ¶Թ׺ݵĹ⣬δʮߵվļµ˵ĶԣżңڼңԲǵģкڵһ죡ȥǣ
Ȼͳȴƶ񻢵ĬĬתͷֶһȥǵ˫磬ƺѹһɽѹ۵ıЩˡ

ɽϣڬB׿֪ɵĻ¾ϯҶС졢֪ͬչֻչѾ裬ҲҪǰ磬Ƕ죬̶ƣһƺܿͼ˵ס
ƺʱ󾢶ȴ󣬲ɽڹշɺ죬ʯҲסˣӣֱʯ춷ڰǳһڶЦúòģﻹȥͲء
ڴ֪ͬ
λɫĴүȻܵסԼСϵܣȴС˴²Ϳķ緶ʲô˿ǣʲô˾ԲǣƵġλǹдӵڹ﾿ʲôƢԶʱǾֵġ
ҶСܲڬBˤƨնֻ߻ʯʣͷײʯֻһסһֱۣپ࣬ȴּԡ
ڬBͷͣȣһ˶ĻУ޹ǣҶС첻һӣʵϵģҪӵڻСѹ£ʲôζ
չ뿴ڬBõЦʱҶСȥ⣬ֻùȥס֣
֪ͬ״æɫˣڼѴǾʹɽɡ
ҶСβԣԼæӦ͵ɽɽ
ɽڬBȻչţɽһǳһŵڬBñܱüأһŻӣɷ·һŻ˰죬ȴŻ
֪ͬ״ڼ⸱ģ˲ˡҶϵܵĸۡǾڸҰ˼ݣռ˾ƣظ
ҶСڬBɢң糺죬ֻõͷӦչ÷ԣĹĵطڬBãҶСİͬȥҶ֪ͬתɽţĿ֮ɫʱһɨգɫضǵߣ
һʱ㼱̼ͬ꣬ʧĺɫ֮С

ҶСظ֮ѾڬBͷڬBõҲ⴦ԺҶСԸ˵һѾۿǷڬB÷£ŷԸڬBÿȥЬЪϢԼ뿪˷䡣
չڻţ˿ڡ棬һҶСһЦصҶҶƣߺߣȳǸӣʵڿġ
ҶСһ۵ѽת룬̲סһЦҡͷ˵Ҳ֣λڼгǸϲŭɫ˶ò飬ôһȴˣʵҲϡ档
չؿװװ
ҶСӣصװʲôǲҲˣô
չЦһӸʲôҪôΣҪô飬ǲӵģСëҲ֪
ҶСƤЦشչȥҵı˽ң
չȥȥȥһľ
ҶСȣһ޹صУ
չݽԣȡˢӣĨΣݸΪ˱ˮҶСһˢһߺصסĶѽȥס𣿡
Ȼȥ˼һδ޵Ĺסȴô¡
ҶС˿ڣһë죬һߵรɫˣһȥ
ݺšһѣûĵģͲǲǣǸڵĹ𣿡
ҶСëһӣЦŷסٺ٣Ҿ֪ķǣĶߣɣȥ͸Ŷͺá
ҵȻҪ£㣡¶Ҹһ˯
ҶСæĺˣҲȶˣʲô¶أҲһ˯
̧һ壬֪СϰߵҶСɵһ㣬ִЦסҲ֪ҵά裬ǵ̸й£ռһϯ֮ظѣʵϾ˼̫࣬ûչȥҲûչ
ɫһĸԭȻãȴҲûд󰭡˭һδ֮ӾͿˣʱʱҪֻһŮôԶ롣
ҶСỷסӣĬƬ̣㣡ǳףҲӹɣŮŮһ˼ң˭׵ء
ͷһȣ͵ʹӦһ̧ͷʱͼҶСĿȵؿֻͷ̫ߣҶСõ϶µظӣδЩԾеİԵ΢¶°ͣ۾
Ҫ׵ģ
УԲУҪȡҹ
ϣһ˫Ӱϳһè


82 
ҹɫʣ֪ĵѾȫ˺ȥɴ˰ɴһƹյ֪Űһ㡣
֪˵ɥʼղͣۡ˲ϽΪ̫ͻȻ¶ҹﱸʱۡﻹϰƵĲͣ
ТҪҹʱͩТǰ𿴴ʱҹЩ֪֪ͭʿ𣬻ҹ䣬ʾ
żںڼҵĶԿܱ٣˼ôܣҲֻǺڼұ˷ͷ˵ǶСָܰȻɴܣЩСɣٲá
ͩɫһһǣҹĴݵλżұ̫ԶģҲûʸżүຮѣ֪λͩ˵һڰ˳䡱ҲѸȥˡ
ʱſ֪ͻȻɤţɽ˾鶫˾ƽͷ˾˾䣡
Щ̧ͷ֮ǰһϵеĽѾڼҵĸôҹ䣬㹧
鶫һϵ״ӣ£λݣ֪͸ߺ񣡡
ͩߵͷ񣬶æֻϺ˾³⣬ʵˡүҪڱʹڰ˳ɣ
ǣлλ常
ͩһδˣ̵ʵص·ң֪˾üţҸȻȥֶ岻֪롣常鶫常ҹ䣬ֶмżһ常Ƕְ֧
һˣһʱ鶫ɨһֶۣͩģͭʣǵͭʣ꣬ʼ̩ɽΪʲôΪͭ˾໥֡
˾ҲǰǺ㸸׹¶꣬ȻڼҲзִʱ򣬿ɱϾѣ𾹡ǾΪ֮ˡ
̧Ӳ˲۾ͩļúżҵδ常ǻ֧ģ
лл常лл鶫常
ͩ޴룬һ仰ļҲۣշɺ죬л澪ϲ
鶫˾ɥҪ죬㸸ѹżҵˣҲҪչ˺Լӣˣʱ
ͩϽվǫصСֶλ常
ͩź鶫ȥһŭߡ
ͺ鶫뿪Ÿ߳ԶŤͷһܿͩվڲҰ׵ĵƹ£΢΢ǷһϹϾģ
鶫˾̲ס̾˿żһһһǳˡ
˾΢΢һЦһδڵСӣʲôţô͵ʱҲδرǿĶȥ
鶫˾ǺЦǰЦ֪ͬģҪ̽ɫһżҾ͵˼ܣʲôõĵġڼݾ͸û㼯·˾ֱӱżү鳯͢óϮ֪ı
˵ţһҹɫ

ƣơ
˰ΣдҶС˭ѽ
Ĭһ£ڬBõҶˣң

ҶСһƬ̺ƹſ
顰֨ѽһˣҶС촩С£ۣһƵƣȵؿڬBãʧڼݣ㡭ô
ڬBĵһЦӺȻһԣҶСϽסڬBĵؽݣ£ڳ΢΢Щ壬ȴ֮ˣҡ㣬Ǽȡ
ҶС˿ЦѣϸŮƹǺáҶСѵƷ£˽ӣȻòԣӿͷ;ǼŻҲѲҹļˣڬBҡҡλεľ͹ˣȻ֮
ҶСֵصڴˣ㡭ڿͷôģ
ڬBһЦĵһۣլӣҵıԺ㲻𣿡
ҶС΢΢һ󣬺԰صȻ򣺡⸮ͷлأ
ڬBһЦҡҡλεվҶСıӵѽû뵽ɣߺߣ㡭ҪǸұңҾˡûذ˯֮ȡͷ
ҶСһѷסЦõصݴˣˡ
ʲʲôݴˣҴҴ󣡡
ڬBýݣҪҲǼ㡭
ҵĸࡣŮ˺˶ôô
ҶСһŵİëݴˣȥȶˣ˵Ҳ㡣
Ҳߣҽ˯ˣ
ڬBһûȻؿΪҺܷ⣬ǲҡɳû˷ңҪɳ㡭£ԵڶҵĵλֻսżңΪףΪԸƵģҲ룬Ҹ
ҶСѡ˲𡱶˵ˡǲ𡱣ͷӲˣ̾˿ݴˣĿ࣬ףףЩ£ǻͷ˵㡭

ڬBͷһ˫ֱػסĲӣصҪҰɣǡ˭ߣ͵͵һΣ˼ҡҪŮ˵ζ
ԣ
ҶСһ£ȻصݴˣˣԣĿࡢѣԲٱţ˵Щ£ȴܾƺݣ£Ҿǳ֮ΣСˣҲȻʹڡұι̵ѣͬʱҲѳΪѣ´ԣ
ڬB㶵ؿҶС죬һãȻ
ҶСȥԣ
ҶСڬBȥһ·ȥѲҹļҽһĻȻΪҶܴڰû˲ʶȤҶСڬBһֱͻԷ
ϵĵƻţҶС齣ѥӣǺñӣԹ˯รʲô˵һúţòá
ม
ڬB΢΢ίĺӡҶС˿ת˳䣬ΪںšһأڬBǽίģʧˡ
ȥԣ
ڬBѧҶС˵һ䣬ܵӣֵԹ˯ม
ڬBá͡һЦ΢΢Щ̵գ֮Σû뵽㻹ǸҵľأѲɡǵ˼ԼϯôɱġҶС죡
ҶСҴһصԼԷڵ£һؿһۣ֣ǲǺܺӲѽҪҸղŲɾͳˣôϧѽ
ϧҶСżͰѿϧһɶˣôһ˵ɫôأ㲻ڣҲһ뿪ԣ
ҶС컰䣬ɫʱһ䣬üģ㿴˼Ϊ˽԰ʹҰɣ
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ЦţͻȻ磬һѾסҶСĶ䣬ҧгݵصС죬浱ҲǲǣأСܡţ
ҶС조ֱУ֣֣Ҵ˻𣿡
һ֣ҶСһƨصϣͷɥص̯ôʲô׵ţ񫶼ɣ


83 㲡Ҫ
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ͩҡҡɳɤӵ壬˱Ȼֶ࣬ᣬͦס
ﻹȰ֪͸ڼݵ䣡
תȥ˫ſڣͼڬBһѩС죬Եüǿͦİںң˽
ŭһȥڵģʲô
ڿͤؿһۣ֪˹ͬŹһĳ䣡
ȵè޺ӼٴȱȥżҲӭ㣡
ںɫһȵôĵӣҶԼݴ˵
ﱯЦһͦŵôͭʵһúҪôĳɣ֣ܶżֻվĹûйˣ
ںŭ֪νӿҪȥڬB̧Сȣֹ
ʱͩ߹΢ڬBһۣĿһƵıܿ壬ݴ˺ǰݼĪҪʧ
ŭ˵ʲôôģ磬ɿ˾ϳ棬ô
ͩͺؽ͵壬ûǿȵĵҵ٣˼ҵֻͻؼôԹõ˼ڼݡ
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ڬBðȻߵ֮ǰλɫСһ壬΢˫ĿλݣĬº֮նսˣٻзᡢТӷ飬ĳֻΡǰ䣬һգ裬ᣡȥɣȥɣһ·ߺã
ڬBֱȻһ̾ݡ
ͩϣڬBûͷָϽڵصݴ࣬뵽衣ҸţͭһӦҪͷݴ˶ġ
ڬBõһۣ㸸ȥˣ֪ͭٻúøġ
ֵͩ̿ص֪ͩܳеΡͭһӦ񣬻Ҫݴ˶ġСֶѾ׼ںլٿһţ֮ͷǰõĳŻ
һЩǰݼʿδ뿪ⷬĵĻԣа֪̾һżҡˣ

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ۼҶСеĲɣչ޺޵زһš
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ҶСѹԹʲôҹû˯ãһ绹ˡ
չ޺޵صĲɵģʲôأ
ҶСʲôڼһͲ˵Ҫȥõ䣬ҵǻһ֮ɴңͭʱ㲻ðˡ
չƲҾ֪Сûɣ
ҶСЦ˶ĥһȻûзʲôԼ˲ΰˡûʲôһҹﱧ˶˯úã糿رĲֻѽ
ӿһǰΧˣãǸ·ˣ˵ô
չǱҪߵģĸ岻ã鳣з뿪̫áӱǷμٵģ⣬ҲҪȥ̫
ʱԿ˻ȥԼ²μ񣬲ͭ˾֮ףشΪվ֣Ҫͣʮ죬ȴذλ˾ֱǲǰμʱĺܣзˡ
չһ۵Ҹһʲô˵ģ߰ɣ˵굱ŤͷȥҶСЦЦֵƼˣѾͷϵ˲ϲأȰذ
չԼһ㣬Ťͷհģ˵ʲô
Ӽæƨƨߵ׷ȥ˵˱Ȼ¡֯Ů졢ţۼȢ㣬Ҷҵĸţ

ڬBŸ⹧ǣڬB߳סͩΣ
İӥǹˣı
ںмصһˣηݣֺá
ͩǰǰ¶棬˾ڬBö̫Ϥ˾ĶĿһֱϣᱩУǱĿɼƻֶż޶ԴҲȫȻûӰˣʶעˡ
ڬBݸһЦпܣǺ޷ǰߣһСˣɱ󽭴˶ˣȴ﷭˴أ˵䣬Ŀ˸ȴ֪ڴʲôע⡣
ڬBûصڸ֪ͬ˾鶫˾ѵһڬBû˾ӭڬBЦݿصͷλúˣԼˣ
˷׷ڬB£֪ͬЦڴ˵ȺݴˣмģҵȱͭʾһҶã費ȡ̣ʱӭꡣݴӦ˳Ӧء
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˾ǰݴˣǸżүǸ˰ͰӷͰֻҪԼʾ⣬ͻԹó֪֮λһǱҲ
ڬB΢΢üû˵
鶫˾ݴˣԭļƻǲƣʹżүɲ
ڬBһҪſڣſڹҶƹٵˡ
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ҶС˼Ƭ̧̣ͷݴˣ¹˾үһ£ϲϣҡΪ֪ɣʧ
鶫˾˾һ˷ܣȻС˳ࡣڬBµؿҶС죬Ŷ˵˵ɣ
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ڬBòȻʲô˼
ҶС˼ҷʲôƨ㶼ýţ
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ڬBغһۣ֡͡һЦ֣֣


84 
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żɱͷţͷͷ׼˴ľƣͬһʱдɱֲ̫ŪѪȱأһǾᵽŨصѪ
˳ߣҪɱţˣǵصĹءƶ˼ҿֻֻҲǴٴˣǶ˾˼˵Ȼ
Ҫ˵صĴλλԶѷ˾үһ檣ٴ죬һʮͷţء
ԽȥѪζԽŨͩһ㲵߽鷿鷿ȼѬ㣬Գ嵭ߵѪͩһƨ̱ϣոմ˿ڴɫŵس˽
ͩҪˣ
ͩһվ棿
صصͷǧȷڬBһʱЩ˾ڼҵȺҵʱ;ЩԾ˶ţǾۻ֮ɢȥ׼ôľٶƤӵ£ȥôܣ
ͩɫ԰׵صվҪˣѵҰĲ񣿡
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ͩЦһ壬ǵĿľǶȡżҵĵλΪ׵ֹôҲʾֻǸȲʾһǻֻǡһڬBãû뵽С˺ݶ
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ͩ˼ֹǴʱƹ
ĿǰвȷǼҪͼذ֣ܵЩ׼ɣȷǣǿ϶Ҫڳ֮ǰʱݸ˾ʹƼ򲻻ᵱŰλ˾ʹߵλ
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÷˾˾ӳүʯҮ˾˾ӺүŸӳһһߴɧ׼ʰСˣαػȥżװģʵڶ࣡
ӺЦӳ㲻ݴɱ֮ƣżȴǰ֮棬ǹǽѶԸ
ӳмһˣǸδɵСӣ
Ӻļ򣬵ǼݴˣҲءɲҪòȡˡ˵żүСżҵȴССӹǽҪۣΪǱ뷨ȵϣͭγɺΧҵһѷ֪׾٣
˵ţѾ߽֪š
÷˾ӳүʯҮ˾Ӻү䣡
æӭݵǹ˹֡
ӺͰӳӺĿһɨͩүأ
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Ӻæοһ밢ӳһǰ¼ݹλΪӺһתȥͩүɣ⺢ӣҲǿ
Ȱˣһﵱλ˾̽ӡ
ԽӣӺԽһЦżүվϼݵλǻҪߣʲô𵱲ģͲҪˡ
ΣֻôӦˡλ˾룡
ѶãسȶȥһСλȥͩ
ӺүӲֱȥ޴ơ
ʹãʹãǳ𽵹Ҳֻƣȣֲ²齣ģģλȥȥ
Ӻῴȥˣ˳һ裬һĨŲҶһЦˣֻ²ô򵥡
ӳ˵
ӺСӣ֪ʲôûĵģҵȵȰɣżүų˼ɷǲ˲һ֪˵
ԺڣӺͰӳϼԼʮˣȻǵ˳Щδ˷Ըûһ˸Һ߶ܿʱ´ľԱ߾սǿɴ˿ɼһߡ
ͻȻ䣬ǰſͻӿִﬡһ߾ߴѸǰſϳǽǽϴ̳һ˸˷ĳì
ʮ󺧣һεȣɢϧˣǽӰȻһƬʮ߹ͬʱ䣬鹭ʸ飬籩һֱȡʮ˰ӡ
ۡۡۡ
ļʸᴩкɣʮǾս֮ʿӦҲν죬ǻֱ˵ڵأ򷭹ԺǣͼܿķΧԺͺͺĺڱΣӦٿ죬οǻ֮
ĴֻϢʱ䣬ԺѾߣֻеͳĲҺǰſڵĶǽضƶǰƽǽ棬һ֣ѾΪ֣д󸫸߾ڿգӳա
ƺ˾źγǡڶԺеһĻСеӺͰӳȫȻ֪Ų裬һһ죬ǰӰһ߽Ŀ࣬嵶
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мλȵӺᡢӳͼı죬ҼүԸɱ⣡
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ӺѾˣһǧţһΪͩô׵ľˣʱµĻˣӳеĲ豭εҪȥ
ӭ󺺷·һûһǲ豭ϣеĵسʡͬʱʿˮһӿ⽣Ӱҽ죡
żҵѪŨˡ

Ѫ֮Уͩ޵ϵй١
ʱֶӻҪţ촽ͩô죿
ͩȡʤ
ͩӺʬһţݺݵصȥ÷˾ӳܰ޶ϣӳͬܰӴǻ裬ͼɱıȡ֪֮λѱҵնɱҽ볯͢ϳӳһͰӴһ˾̳֮ȨֻҪӵңұ˾֮λ
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ͩ˼Ѿѵǲˣеѡһԣһϣ
˵ͷã
ֵͩʯҮ˾ҲһӺһģ䡣ȥǵĴܹܣ˵ֻҪվһߣҶӺһ˾֮λλ
ִӦͩ۾һһٵصϢδй¶ɱڬBãڬBһǱɹһ룡
Ůƹ찣
ͩһЦҪʲôʲô


85 
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£ڬBû·֮һжǡҶСֵúͿȻڬBٲ£Ҳᡣ˼ұϾͶͱôһ˵ĹҪ˵ûһ˿δˡ
ֻһ̬ȣͬʱҲʩӸѹȻǲеģϱ߻и·˾˾滹г͢Ǻġ
ڬBøտʱҶС۾ǽĿʹȥٴ󷽣վǸõ̹Ȼο޺ۣǲΣʵʵڵľ
ҶС˵ͷãͭʵǵط֮
˵ţվſ˾Ÿүǲ
ڬB΢΢һͩʲô˵
ǹ³һŽ˫ֵݸڬBãŸġ
ڬBòһü΢΢һ΢ЦŰŵݸҶС죬ҶСӹһϱֻȼ֣ת˲꣬΢΢ȻͩҪȥ֪һְ
ڬB΢΢һЦˣ
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ڬBݸкα˵ʵҶͭסţһסǼھӣ˭ҵĸֹ㣬ڵ첻ġֻϳҼҵڸǹҵڣӡ
ҪǹʵѳɹҳɹԼҲԪˣͭʿɲֻżҺڼңһˣһԪˣûмʮ깦ָˣ˻ָԪô
ΪЩ˼ɣǧ˾˼ҲܹϵֵεȶӵĵزҲᶷһһ̴˶Է˾ҲҪ¡Ȼɱļһ˾˫Ʋˡ
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ҶСȻھȥ
ڬBõͩڣҪȵʲôʱ򣿡
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ڬBżүԻĴмң
ҶСǡ
ڬBؿҪȥˣ㲻أ

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ҶСߵԣ̧ͷǿңÿɴ˴ų룬ÿ춼ܼң治Ů˴ʱϸʲô
ڬB˿ߣһȥ
ʱΪ֪ɥ֮˼죬δǳ塣ڬBǰҶС벽ʮ󣬹ǰߵԺ䣬ڬBøո߳ͻȻҶСһס
ڬBȻĿץסԼֱ۵ҶСϣ漴Ƶϣ΢㳵ʲô
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ڬBʧЦҿҶ̫ľԱ˰ɣżүеҲ
ҶСҡͷСʻ괬̽һ׵
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׷׷ܷڬBãͩǽͷ׷ȥʱڶʿҲӿ˳ǽԾļʿһ𣬿첽׷ȥ

ڬBܵôæһᣬף۵ӴһҶСͷ󺹣ۼڬBһȳһգҲ˲࣬æһһȵ
ڬBü״ҲһҶСһڬBõ䣬;ӿû⣬󣬱ȴһ㲻˫ȣܡ
ڬBúȵȥԺ
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ڬBһЦƤصһͬԧ죬òã


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01 йŮ
һܵ
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һ󼱴ٵĽŲҶСͷԶȥֹһֻꡱһ죬һŻ𣬾ͼڬBñҶС죬ǽ߷ʲôûӵȼ΢Цת
оһ˶ԡʵĹһƬ·ⶼ˽ȥһŹΪģֻų͵һţмһŷɫЦĵؿҶС죬·˵еСɡ
ҶС˿ĿŲͷ˿ǲؽĵطŻĵصݣݾǻģ̧Ȼпռ䣬ҶСڬBôʱͲС
˷⴦صŽݳǰص׷ȥʱô뵽صĽʵǷһصڣص֮вصҳ׺ԵλãνĶߡ
ҶС˴֮ɣȷʵϡֻǡżңôһż˲֪صأ
ڬBߵǰЦصΪһ׻ܣʹ٣ұɡҼĶԸżңȻҪ·
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ڬBȻЦһֻã۶ģģһֻ˾ĺꡣ
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ڬBŽż£ΪһʵΣաͩȻ֣ܱѱơңɱǷɹһṥҵĸۡбޱܳɹӳ˵أҲδؾܶ㿪׷ɱˣżҵĵ̣ȫڡ
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ҶСؿһ۵ݴˣֻƽϣ˼в֮𣿡
ڬBһ޹صʲôˣҲûȥżҸ磬Ӱ١Ҫʲô£
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ڬBúߵΣҼδͻһĻᣡ
ڬBһȳһյ߿ƶմȻֳһʯϾȻбҶСȻ𷽲ʯҲǸɸɾⱸõĶߣڬBþĸɨ
ҶСʵǸô죿
ڬBʯ£ǰ̨һ壬΢ЦȣиѰᡣ
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ҶС컷ܣռС˯Ķ
ڬBͷԭҿûҪ˺һҪһ˯һ룿
ҶС죺

֮ȻзڬBõһãڰķͰѸŰΧˡڬB˵׻ݶĻ죬ʵν׻ݶ¼ܿҲƳġ
Ͼӵĵ̣ص̫Զڳ˵Ļɣ԰ھڸԺǽǴӵصͻȻȥֱԵΧ±࣬ټǳ䲻⣬ȻɱΧ
ҶСڬBõʼձǻм䣬бӴһٹΧȦ·ɢȥżҷĳǼ
ʱҡҵżҵѼȫżұıֱȡڸͬʱΧҲ˴ݲˡ
żңͩ鷿֮Уϰһڳʵмֻ֩룬һϢˮڬBӳõϢʧȴҲû䡣ȫעʱҪȵֻǽǷͶעѡ񣬷ûô尾ˡ
Ｑ߽ҵļҽҶǷ״ѾմšӲ㣬мһʱǲ׹ƵģķԸҽֻܶţδơ
ͩͷ֪ͬķӦԤ֮С绪ҲֻһڼżҶԲ£۸ϵ˾ˡΨһֻڶϵ˾ǷǸû취ñ
һ󹦸湦µ춨żͭʵϵλ֪ͬݵλ֮ǰȻҲˣ֮ǣҲüӴ£Ŵ绪ҺȻȴǱȻĽ
ȻڬBþȻӳ˸ã䲻ȻŲæʲôأ
ͩĬãصڬBãҪ׷ͭʳǹؽգҹѲǣӳȥЩ£ȥͺáԳһˣȥڼլ
ڬBõλ常
ͩĬĬص˵ͷһ׮⣬ϣǻѡ񣡷ʯ٣

ͷһҿʹȻʻ롣һ֮żҵıͷͷδ뿪̼Ǵн׷ӿȥͬٱ桢Ǯ¸ϣܹԼҴֻһʱһš
ʻȥҿʹϣݺңң浣ǣﰲοǲصˣ˵ôڼ֧ʹ뿪ģŮǼưٳүүһ𲻻µġ
˵ţȴüɫΪȻ뿪ˣƷɺëȴͭʳڣܲġ
صСݳڣ˵ģһͬ˵İ
ңңصڵǸŮһʲôõĵģѵǳ˵ɣ
ݺߵࡣ
ңңɲǵǸСӣͷ룬ȻԳԵЦݽڿңŮСֲɮ⣬ʲôõĵġ
ҶСһǻĴȤүڼһǲ֮ǵġҲôΪʱΣ׷֧ȴûаȫ֧ߵĵôֻһܣԱȫֶΡȻˣֻҪʱ뿪ͭʣ䵽żΪү׸ͺˣαصôء
ңңصͷǰǰһأ£Ǿʲô취أϧͷҲ벻
ʱӺ͸޶ڴͷʵͲסį˴գܵңңǰңңĸ޵ԴʾǲҪһˣһЩ򵥵ĹͨѲ⡣޶ʶȤſһԣ̬䡣
һֱû˵ҮмҰɫû֮ǣվҲǰ취ȥеɽկҿ֮ͭôȥһõǵĻᣡ


02 Σ
㣬յաɽˮٵĲ⣬ڲɢֳˮϵʯţʯһ鷺ºۼʯ·΢΢۵һټһСͯƤشټˮְ㴫
ޤޣɽϣһټլԺլԺȴûгиŴ󻧵ɭգũҴ֮ڼլ
լڼҺɫŵؿǵĶۡŰܸڬBúƺ󳹴ˣѱȫȻӰϣٸֶŮ¡
ͩţҰôοȻڼҺֶ̫ŮڵģҪڼҴĬҪ˵ͷԣﻹͬȡϵʱոձȥڼҺȲ
ϲɫ磡ǳһһ䣬ֻ谴ͭʸԮ³֮󣬴һ;ˣ˾ֵҲÿվˡڼֵһܷ󡣡
۵һۣΣBǴĹ⣬ǲ˾Ҫ⼸常ȴҲذɣ
ڼҺ͡磬ڼ˹ǧŮ޶ʲô˲𡣡
۴Ŀ磬Ѳ㻹ҪԮͭʸǸѾͷͷϣ
۳һ£⼸꿴BѾͷͦãǸϸ˾ʹˣݼҵܵңôҲԷˡ
ڼҺôҪܾԮͭʣ

ۻվ뿪ɣ˾ڼңݣ
󼱣ͦҪڼҺһסãģȻôǾôɣնʹ磬ȥ뿪
ڼҺȥһ棬õصҸʲôԽԽȥˣԭΪӵṇ̀û뵽ˣҲԸʹ
ڼҺŤͷһۣƢҲǲ֪˵ҷԣҪȥͭʣţظȥͭʡ
˫һ˵
ڼҺһЦ⣬ܣ

ȣ
ҶСһڬBϥϣᷭһݻΪоȻ˽ƵĻҶС첻Щز²⣺λݴǲڸиˣû¶Ͳص±ڵһ
ڼݵԸҪиˣֻ»òŲ˾Ǹʵۣ˻ʵۣͨŮҪеĸԼڬBҲһ
ȣȿȣ
ҶСڬBüң
ҶСԵĺȵĶУͰأûУᡭҲҪɣ
ԺҲˣҪͬһͬΪҶС춼òڣοԷŮˣҲŮˡ
ڬBÿһָָۣʯβǶǵԻţƿ
ҶС˿ڬBֵͷζؿ飬һоҶСûж̧ͷֵصôȥ
ҶСֻʣڲ뷽㡣
ڬBðһۣ顣
ҶСͨģһ㶼ƣôͨڣ
ڬBøҶСֵƺһ㶼ģͲͷôȥҲżһʲôһľٶ
ڬBõصʲôõĵģǹǽѡɱңܷΪʤֻҪҲڼҺ·˾д֪ͬںҲֻᷢڴȣգͿԳȥʱҾͿֱ׳ض֪֮λ
ڬB˵ʱҶСϢߵǰڬBúȻƹ仯һ̧ͷͼҶСվǰܵɪһ£ŵص˵ţѾȥ
ҶСЩ̿Ҹ£Ҹʱ֡
ڬBú۾ô
ҶСһЦȻ˫֣һ˰ڬBõ˫ץ˻ڬBеˣҶСץڬBõ˫ֺ֣
ţڬBɻؿ㻹Ǹ򣿡
ҶС϶ͩһУػᱻܣҲӦȫߵı仯ң֪˵常㣬Ѷȣ
ڬBǿЦôأβͣվһˡӡ
ҶСҡҡͷҲ˵ˣֻϣڼҵͷûôθڳڼҡȻûڼҵô㲻͵常᲻ָ֮ɵ㣬Լң
ڬBŭ˵ʲôôܣ
ҶС̾˿ݴˣǿ򶨣ʵµĺܣ֪Ҳȥ㲻¶˿ţô
ûУ˵ҲŲ¡
ڬBõѾ¶־ɫʸڷϡ
ҶСҷһֱڿ㣬һʮҳÿһҳͣٵʱ䲻һʼƽҳƶһΡ룬㷽ŵ׿ЩʲôԼ֪
Ө⣬ڬBõѸٵڬBñҶС仰׻αװǣˮع
ҶСüͷ˵ˣ
ڬBҲ֪ѾʲôˣҲ֪Ĳ֪
ҶСҵǴԺеصлأǩѺҲаأд£ֻҪԣ޲лȥĵط¿İΪʲô
ǰھǵʱһλԱ⣬ǮʱԲϷˣɲĶ˴һѳԵģòϣΪˣѾһֲѾ󸻴ҪۿһѳԵķŰ㵽صӦҲһɣ
ڬBӵؿļǿѾҲαװȥˡ
ҶС̾˿δЩط˾δػסδ뿪ͭʵǼλܿܲǱɱǱץˡλ常ռ˾֮λ侮ʯͲˣҲܳ㡣ڴֻ֪ͬҲ·Ϊżƴһֻƾʦүں޼¡Ȼͷ˺ų˵УϾ˵Уǲǣԣֻܵȣʲôˣֻǲǣ
㲻Ҫ˵ˣ㣬Ҫ˵ˣڬBһ˵ҶСĻ
ҶСḧỬеͷ̾αӲţ˵ãֻˣ


03 
㣿
ڬBõ΢΢鶯һ£Ȼ֪Ҷƹλӣֻ·չڣҶѿƲסʲô취㻹ǺһɣںԻҶˣؽͭʡ²Ϊ
ڬB̾˿ӯޣΩԸ֮ңͶ·ˡ
ҶСƾƹٵݣȻﲻ㡣ǣܵеıп˵¹ȳ㲻ͻܹܲ
ڬBһѿڵܽǳͳһ֧˭Ҳ㲻ģοս
ڬBɫһĵصοˣѱ˭Ϊҳ
ҶСʮֵİգԵеı֪Ƿ˵ɽŷƽ̡
ڬBõ˵ģô
ҶС΢΢ֱͦˣһһصҶĳһĹƽ̽
ڬBõɴ۾ԾؿСųOͣβŵôܣ㲻Ҫƭҡ
ҶСʧЦȴ£ܿڳڿ
ڬBعϲص˵ģ
ҶСٱ
ڬBþϲһѱסᣬ˵ãã첻ңҾ֪еĹˣ
ҶС첻ƿֻĺ󱳣ֻ뿪˴ȴ⡣۱ҲǼòµġ
ڬB´齣ܵǾ취ӳȥ
ҶСа취
ڬBΪЦҲ˵˺ңԴ֣ôأг·ġ˵ڬBøɫֻǣȻӳ˵أγأ
ҶС˸һ£صģֻҪ뿪а취֪ͨг

ڬBóߵǽߣδǴأҶС㿴⴦ôէһһʵ𴦵ĻͬġطصʵԼδһһ߹ֻ֪ڡҪʱѰңǰˡ
˵ţһһһűϢشˣҶСݴ˰ܸңƺס
ڬBûعôܶңҶ㣬ʲôء
£˫ڷŹ⣬˸һ㺣ҶСæ۾ڬBȻſ˫ۣһĴҶСһʶһ;Լ촽ϱڬB۵Ĵһǣ漴ڬBõһʹ
ҶС켱æôˣ
ڬBϲذһۣ㣬ε˼ϣ
ҶСæ̵ôҿ
ڬB֣һҡҷӳϲ׺û˼ֲġ
ڬB˵ţת򣬶ҶСߣǳȥ

ͭѾ˷츲صı仯ڼѾͩ׿ƣɴŽգŽ䱸šʱڸеʦүֻ˾ĺ꣬з紵ݶʧӰ١
ڣ˾˵ͭʵľ仯Ȼ˾ڶͩ꿴ۣ־δ£ƱزóȻǣ·˾һǿ䱸һ滥ǲʹͨѶϢ
ȻĻڼҵ̬ȡڼֵ̫ܲѱǵֶŮ˾ǶţıģǵĻºܾܿͻսżҵֳڬBá
˭ڼҾȻԥɳȱֱͭʣһЩõϢ˾Ǵ⣬һЩ˾Ҳ˳׼ʱںѻصԼĲ䣬ڬBõĸ˶֪֣ںصȻϼ᱾կź˺£ֱͭʡ
ӾԶںȵִͭʣһͭʱǵȴڼүүڼҺʾȱϵһǾ޴ӵ֪ˡżѾӱ˾ͭʳǡ
ҡҡҵżҵҲЭسǣͭʸҪضפ֮໥ӦͬʱżһϪϣܽ䱸ϪڼңֻҪǣסǣǴһ
ণսһ

ǰͭʳڱȽϷһڣͭʳڣƽһķԼͷһҵΪȻƽţǰΪ
˾үϴλӣǡֲһ˭ϴҪЩ˰ǲرš
öһϻ£һ̯ӣ̯ЩƤëһĶʳ㣬ʽǻŸ£һ˫۾Σʱˣע⸮÷Ķ
ǻƷɣѾĨҼճһųë룬ȻϤˣҲϲ
ϻһؤһƿӣ߶ƨɵ֡ϵŲֶһֻ︹룬ŸľĴ򹷹ӣʱʱؽֵ̼һЦֻǻڣͨһġ
ؤëǣëؤǱɫݳ˭ע⵽ôһȷʵؤؤءëųת˼ȦһӣŲ̶̾˿ӻֽŵļӣڿ
ѾڽתˣûҶСϢûҶСϢȻǺϢҲĽĲˡë治ýᷢʲôϣһֱûҶСϢϣһʱ䱻ҵҶС죬ȻЩˡ
صͷڬBôǰӣźãŤͷҶС죬·Ϊ׼ģҺҲʮָߴһ׻ϰɡ
ҶСսһĶ·Ůж£ҶС첻̾㻹׼ꡣʲô
ڬB̾ŮˣƽȴϲӴ磬ԣҰ˻ǰŮˣܲע⡣ԡҰؤӦ벻ڼ˾ȥؤɡ
ҶСüؤ·
ڬB÷漸·һȻ֣ҶСȻˣҲֻܰؤˣһ̫Ҳۡ
ڬBΪѵصϧؤֻһס
ҶС⵹ףʵȻѣؤټ򵥲˵ţҶСóһ·˺һӣϲ˲䡣ڬBü״ҲѹڳñȴɢԼķ٣ץסһѻԼ㷢ȥ
һӺͣһЦУԷһͷСؤˡ
ëǳӣոҧһڣͼľ򹷹Сؤźͬë۾й棬ؤҲҪصģǰַĵ̣вʶ⣿
ΪزپҵѸ˽ɫëֻʳĹѹһɣҪСؤ쭣һų˺ӡડһ˵ϡ


04 Բ
δ깤ĵڵؤһ̼֣Χ£һǰľϺζܣĿǰֻһΡ
ǲǴӴ߽ģȻڼҾģ֪ڴСˡš
λڹĳЩԳƳʽϰԵؾΪԼšڹǡʱжڼҸ죬ȻͣˣտĲӰ
ڬBƷ˵ĿǰΣⷽ滹ǻƷ˵ףëֻµڹһһԵѯʲס
Χһֱбפأҵլڣʳǳ꣬ǲżҵıҲ½ˡ
ڬBõ˵ͷʾ˽⡣
ƷֵͭʳѾȫżҵĿ֮£ҡҡҵȨȫ֧֣ڼҵһЩ𶼱δɱҲδץǵļˡ
Ʒ˵ֵ˵ںͷѾͭʽΪδڳҲ֪ϢǼ١оǣϢ˵ڼҲ˱ͭˡ
ڬBɫһϲ棡
ƷɵǵģϢȽȷΪλҼǴŸģ˸ͼۣû˼䣬ϢȻǴŸģûƭһС̼֣Ӧġ
ڬBôοŤסҶС֣ȸԾڼɳˣûңȻƽЩͣվһˣ
ҶСҲΪˣǰһڼҵĴٳ£ֻҪƽڳ⣬·˾ŷʱͩΨпͶˡ
ҶСȷҲڬBøˣǱġȴҲСźһеĲžòˣҶС챾ԴΪһвͭʵĻȨ
Ҫ֪վסźӰ¡ܲʱʱľøвɱһζذҰˣֻͭʵȦԽԽԶͬĽ׶Ҫչʾͬ
øԮͭʣˣøв˳ͭʵ̨ͭʾأ԰һչʾȫݵ˾ǡ
֤Լ߱ԸвĿǰĴδķչԸɽ˵ҰӡҪ壬ϧˡ
ڬBϲ̵סҶС֣ϲȸԾӣҶСһЦŰοһ£֮˼ʱ֣һĻëͻƷУ
ë˿ƷɣŨü΢΢һãҪһλɩˣ
ƷüͷһѹһĨԼ㵣ʲô
ëһ̣Щλɩĸʡ͵ĵƣҪ۵һҶҾˣʱլʱʱð̣Ǹô죬ǲܣ
Ʒɷ˷۾ծ˲Ӷ˲ҧûɶ˵ġ
ë˿Ҳǣ˭Ҳ˭ҲҶҲдĽ𹿰ţ۲ġ
ñ齻ţڬBûϲת˳ضԻƷɵҶ˳ģᵽ
ƷɵҵûʳҲʵ̫ϸҡֻżҺլΪС߻ģҲδ֪ôˣĲ壬塣
壿ڬBԾĻ罥Ϩˡ
ҶС״æʵôˣ
ڬBóɵλ常һƣ⼸ֳɫѲе⣬壬ʼղҷ
ԸңӦأͱΪܣвУȴֱ˫ԽԽˮݡұУƫǴԮ
ҶСɣҲҪظ
ڬBõկȻҪأɴʱͳ˧ҪˡΪһǶأҵģӧĻδرʲôġ
ҶСеԶˣתһ룬޷ȷҶľΪ£յȷðãһðطպòӳͭʣϲصܽĵĴӪȴһͷǡ
ڬBõҪȷǷľңֻȴһ£
ëǵʲô
ڬBõǸϵǷͭʷ𶯻Ĺ
ƷɵôҪٵȼ죿
ҶСϲһȦ˻в˳ɳˡ
ҶСϵڣǳԮ㻹ãǹ滳ģôǵˣһ¾ǳںûнģпס֮ͩϱһʱ̩ͭɽ㽫ҲûзĻᣡ
ڬBõԡС硭
ƷͭʼݴˡϼŮ˾һŮǿˡСؤڬBڴСץסҶС֣һ˫۾ġ
Ǳ顢һ䡰С硱еûƷɺëһļƤ񣬶˲ԼͬҶС쿴ȥҶСܲڵس֣εףôǻԭƻ°ˡ
ëʱƷɵ˸ɣ˵һߣħһɡ类Ůסˣ
Ʒҡҡͷ˵˵
ҶСıǡãɲΪлȡλ˶˵ΪǡǡҶС⣬ǻ治˵˭˭

Сϣ⺷ӻںڴͷ˼Уǰɽ£ѾԿһӪչ
ӪڣڼҺվڸ߸ߵļ¥ϣԶһһĨЦ
ˣ
˸ƣʢ֮ʿһ£ȷʵѵУҪҪŹ֣
ڼҺҡҡͷףϾڼҵһԱ󽫣ĵ˵ãһǵĴӪܲɳȥסµıֻܹԹǺżӦϣɵǸСӣںҲֻʵҵΪˣ
š
΢ЦƵƵͷ
ڼҺһۣٺЦѾˣ꣬ҲϺͿڼصҿǳеˣʱϼڼұؿз󣡡
üЦڼҺļʱڼҵġֵܺúôһ
ӴЦڼҺЦգԶһۣ˼ҺôҲͭʵһʿ߰ɣȥӭһӭ
¼¥ڼҺĺ棬ıӰһЦ˸ȴ֪Щô

ͼݣ𣬱֣Ҳǻˣ
ëӲݴĳЦ˵һ䣬˷ǹƵ˱ӵ£ŵë빵߸߾˫֣С
ʲôģ
һСͷĿģ˰ŵݺݵصëǣôˡ
춯ѾֹͣǰʿǳɻβѸٰںм䡣
ë֣ģλүֻǴɡԺˡ
СͷĿûʵҪʲô·
ëǵ˵λںڴͷˣ´֪զ
СͷĿ˵


05 Ǳ
ԯţ
ڼҺԸͬʱԼĸ˸ɫ׼
ĸӦһһ֣ȥ
ªկŴˣڼҺ΢Цկ⿴ȥЦʱϣԶںǶֻǡû߽ԽԽԶˡ
ڼҺ࿴Ȼô£
ںһ߲Уһ߳ʵ˾ֽɣ
ëһƥϣû£һء˵Ҳȷ˭˭ѣټڼҰɣ˼żҸˣҲûȥڼɶ˶
ںοص˵ͷֻҪ˾ͺã
ںֻͷһԶɽկ벻ǾػģЩϵ
ëǵ¶ɣʵһǴɩҲеģǵǲǰǶԼĥ
ںĶʱʱðķԴʻʵе㲻Ӧɶ˼ָ˭һˣ⡰ɩӡָʲô治ˡ
ںĥҶɽǰȴ뿪ˣֻҪйһ׷Ҳ׵ǡɩ˭
ëǵɶ׵أдɩӣý˾ʵһ˶
ں͵ס֣Ŀࣺ˾˾ˣôôĴɩ
ëЦ˵˶զأŮˣ˵дɩɶ
ںһͷȥͰ͵صҡ˾Ůˣ
ëǾصɴ۾զģ㻹֪أѽͦţ֪ؾͰ¶ˣҪզ˵ǴأǱ£
ںϲ˾ڿˣ˾Ҫм̳˰
ںʸϸͻͷˣɽկˣ
ںŤͷһͼƺƵĴɽկӿˮʱһЦ
ֻڼҺЩױǾ˵ǲ޷⣬˵ô˹Ȼػģͼ˾ëײ·סʱֱˡ
ںȵȫٸϻǵĴӪҵҪǸҲһ·׷
ں˵ţӵʤժǿڳصĴ󵶣һᣬ٣ҪںѺױ֪ͷ£Ҳԥ׷׼ӿٶǰȥ
ںضԶĵоëֵܣҵ˿ߣϷϺ󣬹ܽǡ
ں˵ŻعͷȥʱһĻëǵӰںԶһͼһƥڶǰ棬꣬ɣӵߵ÷·֦ͷһƲͷӳˡ
ں㶣Ե˿з紵ݶӵñӻ죬˲ò࣡

᲻̫Σգ
ҶС쿴̻ƼͷЩţڬBþȻ쵽
ͷܳڴڷ״̬ڿϳֻ뿪ϸѲĲˣŮˣ˻ȫҪ飬Ҫ飬Ҫ뿪ŮҲҪļ飬ȷϲڬBαװ
ڬBõԽΣյĵطԽȫǲ㶼ţͩ뵽ôңʼ䲻ӦѾӳȥˣֻҪܳȥҵĴͻơ
ҶСע⵽˵ǡҡǡǡüͷһңʲô˼
ڬB΢Цܿ죬ͻ֪ˡ
ڬBҶСְ֣ţֻǰΣأͰԱһСֶΡҪҪ㣬С硭
ȣ㻹ǽҶƹٰɣڴˣ
ҶСϣݻӨӨĳƺ֪ôڬB˵ͻĲڡ
˾ǵ·һԲ·͵ȥ˵䣬·ݸڬBá
ҶСڬBϸģ̲סֵͷϵвѽ
ҶС۾˾ôȥͷϿ
ҲӳĲ˺ζǸζһζҲܲˡһҶСѬͷæ˺һͷȴǸʲô
ӵժˡϴˡ
˵ЩĵػعڬBõ˾ˣģֻӾͳɣСĿɲ˾ɻ
ڬBõһЦҪȻСǾҪ񣬸øʲô͸ʲôӣͱҵ˾
ӵͷ۾гһ죺ǣ
ҶС˿ЦС⵹ףʵ˶᳴ġ
ֻعͷС۾С˾˰Сˣһ̫ˣɣ
ΪҶС˾˵ӣ˳ʱҲȷʵôܵģԶҶСԳԵصҡ
ֱ׳صȻ
ڬBһЦѣҶСĿתȥЦݣͬؿҶС죬һ޹

ƷɿӱޣֱеɽկϪ˾ʱЩ鷳ϪżϪڼңԸ˹ؿֹڼҵǰ̽ϸ
ƷΪ˱鷳˸Զڼҵĵ̴ȥˮɽɽϵ˸еɽկ
ʱҮѾݺңңϵ˸еɽկƷɸϵ϶˵ڵ
ƷɵΪϪվס˽ţֻǵһζͭ˾нȨ¹ȣ¹ڰʮǰǨϪʱգҲٱͭ˾żЩ漰Ϫ˾ȥͭ¶һС󲿷ʱ֪ͭۼ˾£͵ǲڡ
ķչһҲǳΪյ¹ȡͭʣ֮ȻΪǵϽΧȴҲԴǵľ棬ӴԺͭʸʱٲǵһϯ֮λˡ
ԣϣܾɽһҪ¹ȣϳ¹ȶεĴҲͲˣֻһֱûеȵĻᡣ
ĦȭƵضкҮеλô˵
оϴεսΪвȡɽһշΪӢۣʱɽµõϵİմ塣
ϵİգҲ˸вɽһǹƽͽͬ׿ڽھ壬չʾͨǱɹͽرгɾ͸С
ټϴξ֮λλ֮ĳϣλλҪͣҪᡢλҪͣ͸ϵĶԻƷ˵ⷬش
ͷӦ͵ڼұӻǵô׾ͭվȽŸõټһأڼѣǶûӵĵߣ˴γԽһǲͭʵӰ죬ҲкôҮУô


06 
ҮһֱסͭʳǣĿȾ֮£иϣԼܴɽ
ټϰҶΧİ˴׾оһݣΪסýʱ֣֮׾гεľʣԶҶСľ֧֡
Үϴͬ٣֪ͨΪߵİΣǱķչӦϸͭʣ
Үǿ֪ͨǵĻ㱨ĻҲЩϳǻȴ֪ӴʱλᡱĳϣѾϵĳǲ˷硣
ЩϳǴѾѮң⼸ھͽ½ʱϡλߵĳϣ½ĳǸС֪ҶС조ʴʹӸϸı˹ƽ̵δ
гһգȻձɽĹƽ̻Ѳٴڣȴһµʽȥ䣬ͨͨãһڰҶСĹ滮Ȼš
ҮеĻкսĸ»˳صȻˣȥǼɽ
կҼҴ绹зԸƷɼæסУٲǰ˼䣬üôò鷳߷Ը
еȥɣ̵
Ʒ׵дľǳ䲻⣬˾˶࣬͸ˡ
ƷɴҴ뿪еɽկɽ·¹ȡƷɴڼҵĵ̣¹ߵض룬˾
ʱһװոմһλȾʯȹԽխµС˳شɽһ˳ìϱߴЩõ
ԱߵĹǸеֶŮݣǹټߴͣǵոţʱһȭ˸կڶʿΪӢۣݵĵǵȻּɡ
Ĭĸ֧֣ݹڼֵľܾ֮ߴؽ˹룬ǰ¹ͣǸһɽԸոջ
ĽӴٯٯƻˡ˵İ飬һ⣬̼׹ػ
ϣƷɶԹ˾˾ˣżүѣڼ⧲ҼҴΪв͹կϵԶϿˣ˫ܲ
ߣկͭа꣬ȴ̳֮ͭ⣬ȴһկ͸вֳӴ˱ؿͭʹٳռһϯ֮أ
˾ĿⶢŻƷɣڼֽ
Ʒɿ϶ش𸴵Ȼ
˾ֵֵܣֶŮڼݱУֵܿ²ȫӪȰɣ
Ʒ̹ʵصֹȫӪȣʵϣǺܿżүǱΪ飬ͼԼ˾Աȡ֮⣬ҲҼҴϣܽկ͸вԭ򡣡
˾һ󣬳꣬ʵвͬ
Ʒɵ˵ͷկѾ׿ڴӦ£ֻ˾ľδж
ʱ򣬸ŲѾ˴ſڣ˵կˣǻϲȸԾؾҪܽȣǡлƷɵĻһæͣ½ŲĹ״æҲͣ½ŲľƵǽ
˾΢΢۾΢Цô¹Ⱦأ
Ʒɲص֮ǰկȱΪԸƹկҲмô˾˲ϳҲżͨ籨š
կϳҲ޷вǻᰴǰļƻȻɽ·ǱϪڼҺ͹կм䣬ɴ˱ϣܿϪżҵĶĿϮͭʸ
˾ǺǣͲڲ飬ϪżҶϳ
ƷҲ΢Цһ£ϪڼҰԭˣһϪڼʼհżҾ뵽ڼԼӵܱûжͭʣг䲻֮Ч
һ棬ϪżҼ֪̽˸կĵϸڼǣţҲҳɽկҲ˵ɽկգȻڲ飬Ҳ׾ܴģǻ˲ȸں󣡡
˾һ˲ӡʵڳģ¹Ȼһٶǰͭ£ϧһֱ⣬־ˡ
һ棬ǡҲΪ¹һֱͭ˾ż͸ûΡø̫ϵҪ˼Ҳ٣һʧҲ̫ġ
˾Ҵ¶ˣֵزȴ٣ҪżҵƣҲصѹϣܸΪⲻǻʳûǸҲûǸҪ
һʧܵı״ֻô࣬һɹأڼұ£ǣ¹Ⱥ͸вѽͬ˹ϵһپ٣ʱ¹ͭʱؽӵоصĵλ
˾ԥֻĥԼǷõĺôƷֻҶСһʹҪȻҪ̸úڼ̸ڼݻͭʳڣôӴ
˾룺Σ¹ܱȲҪǿȻˣȳɣҪ´󹦣ڼ̨֮󣬻ܷˣһЩôҪģ
˾뵽಻סһͳ˽ص㻹ʲôΪӦָвͭʣ
˾ԴϲĵҶڿˣԭҲ
˾ϻοȻʵŶ˵˵¹ΪҪ
һݣֱ׳صǻ˵ôӿһҪȢݹΪ޵ģ˾Ǹвģۿȥ̣Լͷڹꣿ
˾ЦݶٽһѪڹϡ
˾Ķӣٿ潿ߣ½ǶżڵϻȦȦĲݹص

ȥɣЩ񡣡
ͬˣ
ȥȥٲߣ㣡

Ʒַ糾͵ػص˸еɽկʱѾԱһ֧ʱƷɿǰԱʱֱ۾
һԱĲߣʵԲϴһƤףסǸҪ˶ƨڵϣڶʿִԴʱ򣬡ڲϵؿ
һλߣվʿ֮ǰȺһ㣬ɰˣԲ΢΢վǰͭһ˫ۣ˶ıǿ׷Ϣƿ׶ﴵһ󼲷硣
ƷȻ⡭Ӻ͸޶Ҳȥ
ңңصţǶһˣСѣǵȻӡ
ƷͷüΪΣг䲻֮ЧҪнֹǲͨԣһǳ¶ǵ١
ңңüЦصԣҲҪȥҵĻùԺùԵġ
޶ꡱؽ̧һ˫ۣƺֿͬɺͣ¶һڷԻЦһ¡
Ʒɴвף˵ͼƤףִ󵶣߹ƵصҪˣͳɣ
ڸһλĹװԹ̬毺ãӢˬݣƷɶʱЩɽˣôܰվӵı׼Ҫأ


07 СҶС
ҹһ֧ҹɫڻɽһȻǱУһֱڼҵĵ̣¶١
ڼѽӵƷɵϢ˰нӦṩʳϢ֧֪ͳԼء
¹ȹһϺУʱΪϪżмڼҵĸϣѲصĻżҵ̽鵽
·ϵһѲΣٶͭʽȻ֧Ҫǲ䣬߹ɽ·ˣˣٶʵҲ
ոһũСϷ֨֨س˴ӣȥճɲŽãĶصׯڶˡ
պһͬĺӴкȻԶԶһЩ˲ӣԽԽִɱڣũЩ£æܵ·ԡ
ʱž㵵ע⵽ǰǸӾȻˣһͷվԳԳ˶΢΢һֵǰŲУƨһŤǳ˼ľ롣
ԳԱ߻һֻԲԲĴԴϴһֻң̶̵ĲϿһʢĿӣϻƤ֯ġҲ֪Ǹ׻ǶǶĶ
ũɴ۾ֵ֧Ķ飬ԺͻȻҹ˯ʱ񻰣ĪͷԳֻҲ˾
ͼݣǰӽʲôɴͭȥжԶ
һ˺ȻסЦѯʣܺũæشˣ׳ֶһ䣺֪ǡ˭Ķ飬Ǹʲôȥ
ƷЦЦǷͭżҴүϪͭʲġ
ŶԭϪżҵ
ũ¶ЦҲ⼸˵ͭǱ߳˴£żҲⲻǳôżͭʵۣ˭ܺżҵĵλżҵԮˣź̫ܿƽˡ
ũͷĿ֧֮ʦ̤̳ؾŶСԼȥȥµĹı˯ˡ

ͷͭ֮һ
ͷ߶һ󳵵꣬һ﷿﷿ӦԼס͵Ļʳһͷϵǳͣ﷿һĳҪ
ס󳵵Ȼֵ̼ˣͷϵȻǿЩ¡ƹͷϵĹͷ๤һҪõǮ
Щ˵ĳʳҪһ˵ĻʳһЩЩ˵ʳǸԲӸġʵûʮǰͷϵ˶С
ǰСһֲ֮ӾƵĿʼ˶ʳȫãҲûЧ꣬ҩȥøˡ
ǣСԺСͳС
СֻͷˣҪһЩԼһСˮСǱֶӣǷˮ
ڬBҡһ䣬ССĵС˻굽Сֲȥ֪ܶˡ
һʼЩ޴С･һЩ򵥵İˡժ۲˲Ҷӣӵ˾ҲƵش
ʵСͱΪ˾Сʮ꣬Ҳһʱ棬Ҫһչ֣ĴʦǹŽ˵ģʼղ̧ͷ
ͬʱ¡ڹܼҡӡѾӡѸ²͵Ǿͱɫذ˾˸ܿˣ˽ϡ
ճ˵ĵһˣڹͷ󺹵Ψ˾˵С֣˾ĳ֮޼ա
ʮָմˮڴԺҲûֱ졣ʱСһѲ˵ǰӽﲶ̵Ĵ㻢
Ĵβͣϣһ˫ۺصԱСֶսսһʱ˵ģ
Сվ̨ԣسŲˣ۽ȴҲߣͺҲ֪Ǳ𿾵ģǱ˾ŵġ
ǱһУҾͲˣһβ
СﳭŲ˵ǰβ㣬ҧгݵطԸСֶӡʱ黨һƣҶСʩʩȻ˽
Ӵζ
ҶСζΣתۿڬBðյۣβϾĳ棬ʧЦˣִˣλСֵʰ޵ˡ
Сص
ڣѾ֪ҶС첻˾˵ˣֲϹ˾ôܶһҶСǰ˵һôҶСһ˾ô⣬Ȼǲ֪ҶСݣȴѿࡣ
ҶС조ŶһԶԶԣС磬ɣæֻԽԽæ
ڬBȻؽеĲ˵һСæӹᵽɤ۵ǿҲ˶ǡڬBðҶСһۣôˣжˣҪ͵СĹͷʰ㡣
ҶСٺһЦصʲôˣͷϿһӵĻСˣӽ¾ͷϵĹ£רŸƹ꣡
㣿ż죬ͻϹͷˣ
ڬBЩţҶСС켣ΣЩڰķ֮ĴٹҲ֪٣ټʶҪͷϻĳϢЩȻס
ҶСһŪԼı£һ߰ڬB˺Ժʱڣһ֮ȥˬ֮
ڬBԼտΣȥʲôͷ֮ûע㣬һ˹ͷ˵иģϳݡ
ҶС쳤˿Ѿ¶Ȼ֮ɫ̫ˣҪ˵ͷټĲżɳЩӣȫˡǣҲ£
ڬBôһͻ¶ϲɫǱжˣ
żҳѼˣֻ²пܣһǸк¹ȵԮϵȡͭʳǣһ־ͩѾȷڬBӳͭʣûҪڳмѲԮˣռͭʣϢڬB뵽˵ڶֿܡ
ҶС΢΢¶֮ɫ˵㣬ѾںĴӪ棬ͷ꺮ȥͷȷ㣬ų˳ǵļ顣λðĹ˭ѵã
ڬBÿЦһһλã˾ĵӻͲеˡ
ڬBĵصλǼǰзֵģа˷ҿФ㣬ֻٹһ£ģҵоֹ֮ˣԶЩҲ뷢
ҶС̾˿֮ȻµĻذⰵаŵɼ˾֮ǰĴ±Լ˵ĻҪֻŰ衢磬˭뵽ҪʱʱǹԨı


08 ϱӦ
ҶС꺮ɳټѾȫȥˣҪҪǣ
ڬBתһӣȻЦȻѾûΣգںǱһλ˾ֺαسأ
ҶСɻصʲô㣿
ڬBЦúòƻǱƵĶأòǱڻˣǲǵĶͷһγͷ
ʱһʺ͵Ϯʱ䣬ͨ͵Ϯѡºڷߵҹֻߴѩãã衢ŨĶ˻ѡڷˬʱ֡
կҲϰʳ˻ѡսڬBƫƫѡʱ䷢ѡ˵ȷʺɱأʢʱ򣬹˼䶺
Ժһӣһ裬ʢɳɳмһӣۿһӸŲţڲӰڬBò˿ڳעҶСϡ
ʱ䵽ˣ
ҶС鲻Խص
ʱ䵽ˣ
ڬBȸԾ˵

ͩҳɱӺͰӳλ˾ǵɱ̳˾֮λ£ҪͭڸһǾɱȥ
ںڳ£ֳִ󵶣ųͷشȡ
ڼҺ϶ȻżңӺԼļزݣֵǣǵᱳڼңǵ˾Ҫɣ˾˻ˡǵģ
ڼҺӪǰںѡ˼ʮȡƻǵľġ
ڼҺѾƶӪĿǰںӪֻ֮ءڼ¥ϣɻؿںж
ɺصںˣ浱һһ湥ǣһƣ
ڼҺ˿¥ԴʿȥҪᣬǺżƴһ
ԴӡڬBáͻȻںĴӪ˫ʹڽ״̬ˣֵܿԱԼֶŮҲԶĸʿȥɱȴûָôʿ˾ڵӪ
ܹԼûͶ˾Ӫ㹻ˣҺã˵ϰǱʱկǽֿõټںǱ춯ͩͻӦжǣƣǲάĿǰľ档
ںڶͭʳǷǽƣǾֻøսˣں÷ǣһǾǣںһֱӼͩѹ
ߣ˵ͭʵĳǽߣҲƵǽƬˮûǽڻΪˮݺᣬڹһж
ͬʱںһ֧¾ֱĻǱԲ㣬ֻܼһһںʦǶӦƶʼձǣƣӶʹںһ޷ԳǳؽЧͻƣҲȥ
ں߸һǣͩͻϤϢںƵģʱʱͷһ½ûѭͩϰĲơ
ϢͩŲæϳͷָسǣ˫Χγǽ˼ҵᡣ
ʱ˳£棬ÿ϶վˣһЩʻʻͷ̴ʹ޲Ŀɿڴ
ΨһӦǾ͵êΨֱһߵ񷤴ǧٿסʵϣ񷤰ǵĴѾȫΧˣҪ˵żᴬ׾٣˭
񷤴δǣ̴ǿ˷ͷеģٻ˳ʱҲ㣬ǵĴ
񷤴ǵĴԱʻ˵š
ͭżڽ˰;ػСţһǰ͹Ǻؿ޽űѶȥˡ
żŴؾޣͷϵؾ͸ٵÿһΪںӪƱҪҲΪǲΪΣա
ҪֻһϪڼңϪڼϪżǣţǣƲסֻҪڼ춯ϪżҲἰʱǱ֪Ϣ
ڸвɽկһ򲻴ͭĹң꺮ˡʵ꺮ҲжʧҶСڹƽ˵һľȨв¹ȹҵȷϮͭʡ
꺮ҶСݣȻ˴ҶСвڼկڼկ¹֮СɱͭʣȫƿϪڼңѱٳ£ڼһڹ
ڼͷϵؾһƬѾȫˮǴ·̤ض֮²սˣͷϳţͷϵؾϳؾϱһճţͬʱ˷ɱ꺮
꺮һϢɴһæ壬ҴȥǱ߿
Ҳ֪ƽţϾ˵ֻһ䣺ǧСģ
꺮һֱ֧ϳǡ
ҶСڬBͷǰĴˮӿֱСݡݺңңϵǸոյǰӺ͸޶Ѿȳ˹
ӰҶС쵱ĺֵܣԶһҶСֿ˴죬󲽳嵽ǰһѱҶС죬ĵʹġ
ҶСŬӪӢʱΪӰĵÿԲѣΣϰֱıӡ
ҶСò״ӴӻովȽŸ޶Ż˹
վס£𶯣
ҶСһ޶Ҫʼʩһͷײ泯죬ϴ´ָ޶һΪǸϷԹֹ£һ˫ȵćۿ
ҶСųһ漴ңңִſ޵˹ҲҶСֻЦλͤɡ֦ѿС԰ο
ͷϵڴϰʱѹԹԶڵϣ˫ֱͷǰյĹѣոոΪĹµСҶӾȻݵվǶλǴͳ˧ϼһǸֻͷɰһЩĴӽȻһΨհӣĿɿڴ
ҶС͸С̸˼䣬ǰЩڣϾѾҶС쵹Ҳûһӡ
˵Żǰ׷ϱսʿ˵żҵѾ˳ţԳϷżֹ
ҶСˮ·Ϊֹǰȥ½ˣҪǣֻǿд򿪳ţ
һӵǣѷ̧ƣǹţ
ңңŽŶС磬С磬βôӴͷأǳǽ߰ҿһȥ
ҶСŤͷһǳǽһɸߣټ˫ԮצҶС˫һѿڵ⣡ӣ
һԼϵ߶߶ܹƨһֻ̣ҪԼһţ˵Ϸ
ҶСһһ£ĴӣȻǶȥѻ˸ϿţҪСģ
˵²ɵǿҲĵǹ룬նıҲ̫أǶֱɱļëͬ޷ֵ
ڬBü״صؼڹǣٵһȰɣббʣ
ҶСؿһۣ򣬵˵
ڬBƤһЦĴΪҶܲأ㵱սСǸʲôȥɽаţ
һ̬ⷬеʱֻ꾫ѾСô


09 Ŀ
ԺǽϣһѲ꾯ţδδԺǽ֮£ȴǶ׳Ƽǹգ֣սš
̨ϣһֻ¯¯ۿչ⽥ĸͷѾǵͷ֪ͬȻתظ׳Ƿǳɰܣڴһ٣Ƿ䣬ǷΪū澣÷ֻڽգ
սսս
ǹٵأöܣɱݵź纣֮ХˣٲҪκΣǼµʱˡ
绪ѳǰһָȵŻȥ
ɱ
ǰššҲţĴͬʱţҵıƳդͻΧܵ⡢ȼҵͳȥսڿͭʳ̼ҳһࡣ
ͩԮո뿪ǣ֣߳ͼǰ죬źϣɼ䣬м˲ֻһͩ㺰үү֪ͬˣ
ͩڲٺһЩӦϰ
ͩ˲ϳͻȻֵˣϴȥϳǱгǽ̣δؾܺܿǣѸҵңڲƣǽǲҲͲһˡ
Ȼϳǿ֪ͬȥԮô֪ͬ˳ۡȥķʵǸãҪһ򾡣⣬ôڬBõȵʲô
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ŨŨ̻֮УźųС

ϳʧˣк¹ȵ˽
ŵĽкѸȫӿ׷ϴ绪ڽ׽ԶɱżѶʱĴҡ
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оڶ࣬Ҷ龮Ȼֻ˵һ⣺ڳУѾЧĵֿżڳ˸ãֻ⴦ǽ֮ˡ
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ҶСһ˼ҡҡͷǣ̫࣬һûáٿһ°ɡ
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ԣҶСֻ΢΢һЦת鹣˼صڣͩѾ䵽Уô죿
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ҶСЦ˵ǣǣҾͷڴ˳֮ͭСỹҪհ
ڬBֻҲ˼˵˼ҽҪǡҧҧ´ֲһ䣺ҪǡҪΪģ˼ұĸԸġ


10 ɽ
ͩҡҡҵȼҵ˼븮ãǽֹмأ֪ͬδԸ÷𹥻Ǿͽʯշḥ̂ΰʣ򵥵Ĺ£ѸΧ˸ˮйͨ
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ڬBõȻȥϳǣҵλ常
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ڬBһ۴ͷɥصȹɣ
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ڬBŭĻ磬һһصڸҲǣ

ڼҵĴӪȻ֪ͭʳڷʲô£ԶŴ󿪣ںȥȴǿõġ
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ͷĿɫغţһȴȻһˤ˸ͷæȻܵڼҺǰеˣô죬ôţ
ڼҺ۾쳤̾һڴˣ֮Ҳս֮

һִʿڼҺΧм䣬ЩĸͷĿۼԷδֿ㳤ֱ룬֪ȥʱ¶ģ
ںڬB󣬻˹ڬBðǱСȣ¶һЦЦ飬λ常һ߽
ЩΧĸͷĿʱһأԶأ˾뵽ܵĳͷһսսڬBöһҲֱӯ˹ȥ
ڬBվסŲ˿ڼҺֵ壬壬Υˣ
Цһ䰮ǿڻȵȻУҪɱҪУ㣡ͲҪˣ
ڬB̾˿壬ֶŮ̫ˡΣǶһˣϹͷŽֶŮô˺ǣô꣬ôֶŮùʲô˺ֶΣ
˵ţӯڬBõ
ں˾ѵһ֧ʿѾ֪ˣ˾˺ǣǻܻڣߣ
ϣһĸһֱɸû˾˲˺׳˾ѵŮˣ˺Լ常Ƕǣȴ鰡
뵽һҧͷµǿڱֱߣܱɱ˾ôŤתһУ
˾һںм֣Ҳ޷ЧˣΪڼҵһӣֻܽʵӴͶ᣻˾һկе
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ڬBվǶʹĵؿִԲλ常޷ɭת˲塭


11 ǧһ
ɭĵ淴ȥڿлһĻߣ⧲ڬB÷ӦȴǼ죬ŵ⻮ķ͵ǰһǸܹ⣬ɴëϷķȴִز
ȻڬBòѣͬʱ˫һ̤ڿն𡣵ϻҲ֮ϷǵڬBŸڿ˸ýڿǰ䲻ݷرܹһ
ڬBý⮵Ϸͷʱ˵Ѿ˸ɭɭĵ⿰ڬBõĺ󱳣ϧȴѾֱҵѵݽˡ
ڿǰڬBòδʹ˷䵽˱ڿСһŤŤתȣǰһʮȵڿתڿתͬʱָѾſס˵Դ
꣡һ죬˵ͷ­ѱڬBӲšתһȦڬBȵ˱һ䡢ʯ𣬲ɲǼ£Ѷ

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ͷĿתת´˴Լĺ󱳻βʹʶѾŤ黨״ĲѾ޷ˣ㵵ؿԼĺ󱳣һο֪ҲһΡ
ںۼ˾һĻǰҲᵽɤ۶ϵĲŷڬBðȻأ˫ֱۣЦ¶У˾ȴжŲ֪ʲôô
ڬBؿһǸԴȫŤתͷĿ·ǱĿһͷĿ浹ȥصڵϡڬBýżһǿϽ֮һıûһƬַա
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ںȭӦһǿڵУǽ߱˵ġӡڬBָתڼҺڼҺɫص㡭ô
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ȴһޡӣֶŮĿ顣ǲĸɱֶŮڳţֶŮŮ֮λʱʳ¶ϧ֪˰бӻ챣ӣÿζ˹ȥ
ָʵʩİɱѲʮΣӲԼֶŮְȨͲƸǸеԵķŭȻʱ˿̣ʸ񷴶ô
Ͼǰ֣ǰʩУȫΣһͨ˶ԸԼ˾ȴҲû취ѵġ
ں˾ֿݺǲΪȻҲ˾ĿԡڬBõĸλԴ˱֮٣ԺؽвпϴͱڬBñϾ
ȻûвпĳͷѺıĳɱ̫ˣҰļҾͻһӴ壬ûµα֤ͳһͳ
ڬBֿЩڵϵĴСͷĿȵΪͷ죬ȴ췴ıԼ˾ͳͳĹѺһԣ°ջȥٵڴҾ쾡ԱΪūָйʿ
ںȵͳͳץߣ
ƻȥ

ڬBշڼҺڼҺڳһݵʿںͳ죬ָá
ʱͭʳѾȫڸв͸֮УѾȫǣϼפأ岽һڡʮһڣ䱸ɭϡ
ҶСڬBøϹæӭȥˣ
ںЦ˾Ȼɹ
ڬBðһۣҶСͭգĲ¼ȥ˵ֿ
ҶСЦãֻżҹصۡˣܾܲôһֱȥɣлˮʳȻôˣԸһҲ⣬ΰ죿
ڬB룬ںأ
ںӦһȥڬBöҶСżѾˣϣͩʶʱ񣬷ͶֻҪǵҲôһǾͿ˽и֮ǰͭʰ
ҶСͷֵͩһأҿ鱩ҵĺţ
ڬBҧҧ촽ѯ˵ô죿
ҶСϵصܸ˲ֵĻᣬΪȡʱ䣬ֻܴȥ
ڬBášһһЦģ
ʱǡ䣬жʱϴã;ҪƫҪװһһжСģһֻװģɧ꣡
Ʒɿı飬Ц㶼óѵ绹籾㣬˭˵ҲûʲôˡҲΪǺ¹ô
ݾСصҾģկӺ¹ȣǡ
ҶСһۣû˵ȥŮз츳еģڸΣǱκεиﻹҪǿϼ֣浥ݡ
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ڬBóһãΪѣżٲƱҪʯ١ϣȥ˵ֿͩҿԱ֤ż˵ͲƸʧ
̧ͷЦҪ˵ڼҹֳƳֱΣ
ҶСᣬΪ㲻ȥżҾܼάͭʵһ˾ĵλ꺮ɱӺͰӳʼżҾעһ죬һͿأѵ㻹ף
ڬBָףȻҶ˵ûֻҪټͭͬͩΪ೯͢Ҫʧȥ֪֮λϮ˾Ҳÿ
ЦԺùĸһһ͵ģƭȥ˵ͶôǼȻбֱ೯͢żҵλֺαض˵ôࡣ
ڬBȻҶ˵ô࣬ΪҲν
Ц浱ǰ׳ôߣǲǵϵþˣ͢ҡ˼ңλ˾׷׸ģָ棬Ҳף
ڬBƽص˵ҲûҵȷģҲ뾡ƽϢͭҾֵһɡǲٸǻģϣʶʱ񣡡
ͦţȵҪɱɱ˵ϻ
ڬB̾˿ҶСһƳӦأ˵ô죿
վںҧгݣ꾫꾫һ꾫ԹԾԾˣƷɸϽ̤ǰһǰ档
ҶСҡͷû취ˣ֪ͩأ°֮ݻۡĵһԷڸУʵڿϧ
ڬBĵһЦ֪ˣ
ڬBתߣ橶У̬
߳ױҪݻȥȥ


12 ȸں
һˣôţǽ֣ŵ׼档
ңҽȥ
ûسǽϺһ
ᣬһˣ
ǽһɧңһһϵӵĴǽ˳ûпţɼźһǵ˴ʯľѾη̫¡
ЦһʱҪżңַʽˣ
߹ȥ˫̤ӣǽϵկӣܿ죬ͱǽͷʧǽڡǽԶҶС쿴ӰʧŤͷڬBõ˵ͩô
ڬBõ£ûеɽȻ޴Ӵ⡣ܷɹȫżүôˣϧǶԸƢ˽ޣϣǵɡ
ڬB˵գһԸȥ֪ͨͷ˺ʹ֪ͬ׼ùеԼ֮ʱȣǲڵصȥֻʮʱǣʱһǾʹȥʱ֮ڣɲܹȥǾһѻѸΪƽأΣ֮ͭʱȫ氲
֮ڣͩ˼ӭ˳ɱǽͷ꺮ߣ˫ڶԺſͷˡͩȻ壬
Ц嵹ֻż᧿Σˣ
ͩƴưˣʲô˵ġ˵㳯͢Ӧλ˾ǱҲͭڧ
ɬȻͩõڬBȻҲõԣҪ㣬Ƕޣʮʱ֮ڻͶǾʹ
ͩɫһ䣬壬ǵ˵
ͩߣδֻԺڵţŴ˵ıӰ㶼ɫأãͩ˴Ҳ˽裬Ȳʵ壬Ǽ˾ô˵
ﳤ˿ʮʱһʱ俼ǣ
ͩĿâһ
ǵģͶŵԱ֤ż˵븻󣬵֪֮λ뽻ʱ֮ǰϿɽǿд
ͩЦ⸮б㣬ʹ򣿡
˵ʱ֮ڲܴ¸ãݻ𣬰ѸΪ׵أͳͳ棬֮֮ڣ֮ͭұ볾䶨ȥ
ͩİŭȵһѻ˸ãͲ³͢ô
һصͩôףɱӺͰӳȴûɱǸС˿ʼǱûվڼһߵ˾ҵͷˡ
ҪǱ˸ãͻƵϣ˵ǸԷ١˵͢ǻһ߽ʬĻأͭڶ˾Ļʱ֪࣬͢Ҳֻ˳ˮ۰ɡ
ͩһƨصϣΣ͵ģǻϣ׹ʱҾ͸ţұȻ˵ɥ䣬ɥһϢ˻ȥֻҪ֪Ͳװƣٵȵȣһתģ
ҡͷңͳ˿տӣƽʱӣǿǵľϣ˺Ƥһĵز˭ң
ͩȻ֮棬壬ΪʵҵȨҾͳ˿տӣʵϣֻʵ۵ѹó֮ػΪ˸ʱֻǱϱȥְȨɿŰ˸
־ķչ˾ҵƿأΪֹȫҿƵģͭһ㣬Ҳȴ档
ͩ˵ⷬоȣЩϢһҲ֪ѿʵ˵ȫң
ͩҡҡͷصǰ˵£Ҳǵ㵽Ϊֹû˵ҲҲ֪Ҳ֪Ѿˡ
ֶ˳Ĭãŵ֪˭ŸΣգΪǲ֪˭ɽˣ˭÷ǡʮʱ֮ڻûгأ
̧ͩͷĿ棬һƬãȻ˵ãվǸδڵꡣżҴ꣬ʱǧٿף˸÷仯ʱ򣬼ûڼҳͷҲԼǮңûڬB÷ѣҲܬBáB÷ѣܶ죿

ɽۡ㬵ɧҾ˵úƭǵǮôǷҲ˼˾֮ںˣżҰˣڼʤˣأȥżҵĴȣʰżҳУѵȫˮƯ
죡ͷѵһ䣬ת׿ٴ磬ͭʾ˲Ϣ䰡û뵽ڼҾȻ漣ط̡Ůˣ򵥰
ٴ΢΢׵ˣһǿˡһ붯ǵ˾ȳֻţͭⳡֲŻȥ벻Ȼܹ˵в¹ȳ
һֻƭӣͶżϣװӳ˴ѵӣ۵Ҫ˵ЩеûģʵںȤ̲סֲô죿ǱżңѾڼҡڼҵƣǻʰʰϽɢ˰ɣƭӷһ֣Ҳңһˡ
ٴһۣǸûõķһѾߣ
˲صʲô߼ϼѲ㣿ɱ̰̫󣬰ȥ
ٴЦ㲻֪ԹԹĵô
˵ɴ۾ʲô˼
ٴͷذ˰֣ȥڬBãʾã
˵Ҹոջվżһߣ˼ڼҵƣȥڼң˼ҿϴ𣿱ȥ˼ҵƨ˺òãҴԪ㻯һռٳ˿ɶˣ
Ȼ˺ٴ⣬ߵ㶮ʲôڼҪΪҡźĵڶͶȥֻΪʶʱĿܣвɵĵ
˰Űɵص棿
ٴ΢ЦƭˣȽСĵİգұȽСǺǣȥɣڼǸСŮһ㵹ӭģڸô˵Ͳҽ˰ɣ

ٴͳڵۺԺͭʾƵʱǰһԼֲ۵Ҳھͭʾ˽š
˵ۣΪеٷ磬Ůǧģվһ𣬼ֱһԾ˫ˣ˭˶ǰһĸо˵ǲۣΪʢڶ࣬˫ŮڴˣҲڶеһӣûʲôرݡ
˵͡òӦһ¡㣬㲢߳ǻһƬߴŮ£Ϊ̫ڣ˶͵͵ǡ
Ů͵꣬е͵Ůϧȴûһϳλ촽λ὿ģֻд˵еϲǵȻ欷ɱŮҴС


13 
ûⲽŮ£ǻǲ𣿡
΢ЦʲôǱǮޣԡо԰գעҪ࿴ٶ
˿ͭѾģһû˿бô
ͣסŲתĿ룺ΪʲôҪںô룿ЩָֻֻţʴʣҪϣ
㱻ǵĿңʧܣǲǻһ˵ǣʾεĸε޴ʱǾԼж֤ǵȷ޴
нķʱˡˣֻ಻٣Щ֤Լкĳɹ𣿡
̾˿磺һѵ˼ˣ̲סͰˣ
΢΢һر֣֪ܿǴʲôʱʼǴֳƺ쳣㺿ʼͿʼǺ֫Ӵ
΢΢Щʧ䣬һЦϧӦμҵķĲʱڳ鲻ֱӲ֮ͭңƿͭʵûᣬҲõĻᡣ
ϸϸһֳζ˫üܱûӦİڬBþȻǳɹˣʵ˾ȣ
˵ҰʳŲ¹ȣ˭Ҳ벻ͻͩܣˡ
һۣǲǵģү߹ǣҪɽ
Ѿ뵽ˣѵΪӦڽգĪѾڰү֮У
ͻȻԹƽ̵ν˽٣
Цǧһֱɽ񣬶Ǻ壬ԣһֱǣ
Ҳ˵һֱ˽⣬ƽ̵νǸʲôˣ
ɫ䣬ɽʼλνλ֮󣬴ǹؼʲô㣿ǷǰүӷֵĿܣ֣Ҫף
ȥλĵ׶
֪Сҽ뿪εЦЦã۲ͭʾƣ޲ֵĻᡣȥƽ̣ҪСһЩǡϡŹֵı¡
һ֡ĵЦ°ͼ⣬üۣ֮һŮζЦĲϡ棬ϡԵĹŹ
һֵЦһ¸ֳʲôõĵأ
ش˸ͻܾ仰ƺлʲô˼ʲôǣ޷ϿʲôΪתȥ˲̬£һη羰ڷһط
ˣʱʧġۣʲôҲ޴ȥˡ

ҶСڼæµһ죬ʱְȫǷŷԼĸۡոûţձ¾ವشܳһӰҶС˹
⸮ۡҶС˿֮£ҶСֻǸ޶Ҫͷһһȵལͣס£
ǺӰ㶣ǰͣ£ɵɵʵΪʲôҪ£
ҶСһԣҲԣսһʧѭ죿ô㣬㲻ǸŴȥũô
ѭʵصǰⲻǻôżҷѣͭʴңҶء¡ʳ֪ζҹ¡
ҶСЦⲻûģأ
ѭߣүѺŻȽû˵ͭʴңҲҪͣ¹ģǰͻģ˳ǲ֪¡ҿ֪磬Ҫһͷֻż˵ߡ
ѭ߶߶Լ⼸εĵ롢Ϳ๦ߣҶСʵ̿ڼݵͭʵļңƱҪһһʱҰָʵְλˡ
ѭϲæ˰δʹô˻Ǻеġ
ҶСһۣ𹫷˽Ҵôɣһ˵ǸѣҵøҸմǮĲʹ
ѭһֿɥˣ㿴ࡢݷݡ
ҶС첻һʵأ
ڰʳסޣû
ҶСãԺһˣ
ҶСﳤȥѭں߸ߺˣѭΪ㣬ûйҲпͣ˰δʹΪѵĻһ˰ҲǿԵİֻ̫ƽƽֵ˰ôҪȻֻͷ˰Ҳɰˡ

һ磬ҶСùţͬСءѭ˸ͷ򵥰һͷ飬ϸ񶼷ָȥ㼴ǰڸ
ʱ̣ڬBøͩޣǺƽһѻƽ֪ţӦһϵкӦǲͬģȻҶСûйԼݣĿǰĶڼݵõв¹ȵ֧֣Զ޵Ͼ⡣
ҶСڸͼǰͣżӣһЩ˳ŰȺڸǰɻһЦǼʹͭʹͶˡ
ȻڼҲ֪ҶСǵ˾жȴҲ֪ҶƹʼվԼ˾һߵģԼˣһˣϰڵȥ
ЩȺĹĽĿͶע£ҶСڸСµͷصƹүȵС鷿˾ڻ͡
С°ҶСԺ䣬ֱС鷿һ߾ûеͨҪǰԺӼݹصҪڶԺӼܱ쵽ԺС鷿ǳ׵Լˡ
ҶС쵽鷿£СѾ˲裬ҶССºСѾһԣЦæǵģҲֻ̺Ҫͼݴ˵һ˵Ҷĳ
СæӦһСѾͷ˳ȥ츮ʵ̫æһǰڼܵżҵͿƣǻңҪ²úʰһϣȷҲûһֱ
ҶС˼ڲ裬վ˫ڬB鷿еֻŶˡڬB鷿ӪȻ£ȴһŮζһЩԹ鷿¡
ҶСֻ͹ŶһףţĿɨȻżǽڣ΢΢һǽںͲżװΣҶСȻ˵ղǩѺصʱڬBö˵Ƿ
㿴⴦ôէһһʵ𴦵ĻͬġطصʵԼҲδһһ߹ֻ֪ĴڣҪʱѰңǿⰵˡ
ҶСģʱ£һţȴ֪ⰵͨأͨ⣬ͨڼݵĹ뷿ҶСȥѧŵڬBõģǴδһһһűϢشˡ


14 ⧱
ڣ֮ǰ֧֪׾ʰ֪Ըеĳˣ˿ڬBȴ٩٩̸߾Ҫ֪ڼָ֧еģ֧֪͵Ǻڼҳ
ЦݴΪƶ֧żңشӣƶҹ࣬ѿ֪ͭʽҪȻ֮ƶžԽΪˣʹż൹ʩ֮٣ʹտ̨
ڬBǳǳһЦô˵һģĳҪмˡ
΢΢һЦ񵭵ص˴ȱΪֻϣͭʵطն̫ƽллĵʲô֮λڼΪֻ֮ͭǻһЩ޷޸ھУ֪ͼѻʯ
Լݴ˵ı죬ȻƽϢǲҪѪȡƶԸ෽ƶͭʱ΢Щŷƶϣƶ˾ܶԼݴ
ڬBĿһ΢Цֵ࣬ĳмܵͭʿԸȶ
ȻˣƶټڣǲھԴ壡
ڬB֮׵͵壬ĳˣ
֪˾ϲصݴƶȥҲ˰ѷһ˳ȥڬBıӰ΢΢һЦ
ԱǴİİԴֻҡͷһЦ绪ȴЩޣˣʿǼʹ棬ۼ˵ƣͽᣬαظɫ
ڬBݸ˶֪ʹ棬Ҫͭʸ̸ףȻЩˣͭȷʵΪҡźǺõġ
İ²豭Ц֪ͬط߷߲ƽˡҪѾռͭʣͩãǳ䶨ˡҪȡһΪõ˾ǣػԣôԶǵġ
绪İܿһ⻰Ц˵ǣҲֻǷɧݴ˫ȻɴˣȻд˵ĵ
İˣпصǰٻϷ򣬾ضϸϸգеˣһٲԾ󻼡
绪ΪȻ׵ǰͩǵССùݴһ˫ۣɴȴӦ䣬ϵأҶС֣
İˣأڼҺҲȻѣǳֻҪ׽ǵİѱҲö̫ݣǸ֮һƣҲһνһʯ񰡣
绪Ȥ¹ȣΪã˵һʯŶԣ
绪΢΢۾˻ЩֶΣֻҪܰλƽ̽У롭˽ֻͭʵһˣڵʯ丮˼ݸ˼ϸҲΨհˣ
ڬB֪ӭɺû˰ƮƮȻĲҲСе⣬ȴ֪ͬλôȥҿɾЩҲű
ڬBö裬һڣҶСӦϺ꣬ҲǲðյġһΪǵëͷСӣߣʩСƣܰϷŪڹ֮ϣ
ڬBһ̣ò
һһ͵ţڴҲССһѣֻϧĴ󻰣ֻĸǰŪƫƫȴеˡ
ҶС첢֪С鷿ͨ鷿лʯ򣬱˳ֵȼһ֧УŰȥȴδ뵽Ȼ˿
ǽϹʮǶ۲ɽˮë޹һ࣬ҶС֮ǰǰȺľɰ໨ƹ
֮εͨڣҶСվְڿĻϣ˵Ļ˸
һλ˳˳ȥϻתУİ绪ڬBõ˾ҶƹٵˣѾС鷿ʱˡ
Ŷ
ڬB÷²յİʹ绪ͷȥæɣȥ
ڬBߵſڣ̧ͷ죬ֻعͷİʹ绪ͩʱ̣׼ʱ

ڬBߵ鷿ſڣʶͣסŲԹ°˰֣ǹæ뿪ˡڬB˿һ¹ڴһ΢ЦƿţҶˣú
ҶСŶںȲ裬̧ͷ΢Ц˳ְѲ豭£Ц˱͹æڿӯţ鲻ССȺƬ̣ûʲôġ
ڬBðһأɵذһۣҶ֣ûˣҺαػף
ҶСЦЦصŶǡҸôǲأ
ڬBͷһμӦԼĵ飬־ϲؿһִۣͷȥߴصˣˣѵҪ˵ô
һжװ磬ָȴ´һģҲĿˡҶСһЦݴʤȯգϾͭʵһˣ¹ٻʵ¹ܳ
ҶС컰һתֵҪô˳Ϊͭʵһˣ»һǹȡãֱ˿̣ͩɲͶֻ֮ˣ¹ٴǴв¹ʾʱҪЩʲô
ȻҶСġٴӱܡЩʧǼȻ̸£ڬBҲ˼һ£в¹ȻǸȫΰɣõ½ںͷ˺ҽյڼұͺá
ҶСɰڴһ٣ܲʨӲáȫԸ¹Ϊв¹սսҲӦ
ڬB룬ðɣôźţͽвȲ˭ȹãͣ
ҶСˬصã¹ȥ԰ţ
ڬBõͷۼҶСȥͻֻסҶ
ҶС˻ʲôԸ
ڬBõҶ֮Ǹս֮ϵǹۣɲҪգ㴦أҪϧԼ
ҶСмعֵл˰¹ټסˣȴЦһôô㵱ȻҪһˣ
ҶС뿪Ҷһʱ֮󣬸еı¹ȵı㼯ᵽ˸úźšڬBѾפش˵ڼұк˫˳ӣɸк͸ֱ˺źŵķ
ߵĶȻżҵע⵽ˣͩվڸмɽͤԶۼ֧ڸΧıԽԽ࣬ɫɸԳء
ɬȻͩˣҪӲˣ֮żδزܶɽǡͶɣ
ͩҧأۿдתתȴʼյ㲻ͷ
ʱ򣬺ŷͻȻһ֦븮ãΪʱδΧıһֱԴ״̬Ȼ˷ʱڸһɧҡ
ǣʸֻһ֧˺޶ֻͩʿڽʧһո˿ͼһҽи߾һ֦ҲƵشӺԺԼפ֮


15 
ʱ磬ⶼ췹ɱ磬ÿ˶֪һѪսɰڴһ٣еĺö˳ϣýʿǱûκ塣
ʱɸиĺŴһ˶򱻶µʵʵĴţٲ̤ϵŵһֻӣǽͷ
լ԰ڣͩ꺮⸸һŵؿǸӭˣԷֻһˣȴǿǧ
ҶСߵǰһЦֵүУλˣΥˡ
ɫغȵôǹƥҸã㻹뿪𣿡
ҶСЦЦصʱȵĺܣһʱ֮ǵĸ֮ھ͵ˣǻǲҪЩеûģ˵ʵʵ񲻸ã
㡭
ֹͩ常ĴҶСսһȴڴʱҸۡΪ
ҶСЦүȻδڣȴȶˡôˣһӡһ趼ǷôɲǴ֮
ͩȻ֪⣬ȴҲñֵ̫ȣԷͻȻðãȻͼıʱ˭ֵĸסҲ͸ӱ
ҶС챻ͤһҶС΢Цӣ硣
ͩ޲һȭЦҳӣ˵ĻȴûʲôҶˣ˫ǵзѣ̼ҪһҲףΪζͲ޻ô
ҶС촵˴ˮ˹صżǸʲôҶ˵սҲ׵ȴǵĽʲô
ңΨһܹıǽֵˣƾһ㣬ǻɱң룬㣬Ψһ£ǲϧһдҲҪάҵİȫ
ͩ˻ڳסˣ΢΢ŵضҶС죬仰ʲô˼
ҶСȻΧģܱȫǵͼ壬֤ǵĸ󣬱֤ɿԼ̳֪֮λ⡭ֵֵǷԹҺأ
ͩϵļȻˣĿŵʵôܣ㡭ΪʲôҪңôң
ҶСʲôأΪʲôҪ󵹸꣬޹أҲҪ˽⣡ֻҪ֪в¹ȳΪڼݣΪҶС죬͹ˣ
ͩĿâһ˵в¹ߵģ
ҶСЦ˼ɣڣв¹ȸźŵķԼĽзҲǸǴʱվһߣ˵
ĺͻȻüʲôԹѱ׵צ۹ȥҶС죬һˮеͻȻһؾľͷ
ǣҶСΪʲôҪǣҪǸʲôĴۣȲʵôҪʲôҪô
ҶСһϼ޻ˣЦݿصҪ̸ˡλ԰꣬ƽľغú̸̸ҪģʵڼҪֻٲ࣬ţһӦģ

ʱڬBվ⣬ǰǵªĹ¡ۿԼʱ佫ﻹûϢڬB֪һսɱˣҲɽ
촽Ըӣ׼׼ʱ±Ȼ֮ʿʼ׼
ʱһعȥһԸʱİۼʱ䵽ʱ̧̣ͷ˾ˣʱˣ
ڬBó˿ǰһӣȵ
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һ֦õ̻ըڿУźȻʿǷӿǰһܼӴǽͷһײƳСԶһҲʼ˼һܴ죬ǾҪѸø֮һ档
Ȼսе쳣˳ǰõķ˼㣬ת˲֮ͱ˺˺üӣ߳ױؾʼֻ̺ˡ
ڬBЩ⣬漴ȻѿڵҪլȥз׷ȥҪǴϢ֮˵մǰȥ
˾ͻʹǰ󹬵ĸֲ࣬ǰǹԼ˾˼ҵ⡢ȫںլԺլŻǽǰ߻Ҫ̡
ڬBһؼ϶ͩҪȫغլҲֻô룬ʲôأô˻ܲɣ
õĴűѸٴˣڬBսСȴ󲽶룬δȫĻս޾ɫ
֪˾˻ոǰ΢΢ҲǼӪмʶܴɱĸһɱ˵ĺֶߣҲҺҶ
Уδ깤ĳǰ棬ڵ̳ڷ仯תƣӣϲ
˵ţִ񣬴ӹǰ񱼶룺ڼֵ˱ͭϾҪˣ
˶˶񣬸ɧͽǽڼȡżεӦ⡢ºģ
棬ڬBüҴҸϵԺԺǵŻһŶЦճǼôϧ㲻Ҳ˾ܲɱȥ
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ںֳִ󵶣һʿȳ˽ȥ
û赲ûԴԴϣڬBü״ȴûеֵͩѵҪ־ܣ
ʱ˿̣ʶЩԣǡܳʲô⣿ʲô⣿ڬBɫ΢䣬Ҫȫ󷽴ɽХź
ͩ۾ͷɢִʿѸٽضڬBõĺ·ЩСǰͲľݵҲѸٽػ
ô£
ڬB̻ĹˣںŵҲƵس嵽ǰ־ŭصլһˣ׷ţȴвҼ˻
ں䣬İҲ˾ǵĺ·˽ضˣľȻͩԭµϰǶڸˣ
ڬBõɲǼͳ˹ȵףΪʲôı仯һĻǸв¹żһˡ
֮ҶС졭վͩһߣԭѷɵ꺮˲֪ʧΨһĽֻͣͩҶСĳЭ飬ͨҶС츺ķϢ˰ΧȦ
ڬBɫ԰ףҧ´ͻȻŸȥźͺɸв¹ȸģҶСΪʼٸߣʱӦþǱߡ
ſţεķ£ºԿ¹ȵִּ䱸šںסڬBõ˾ðգ
ڬBƿõģˣҲ׵
ڬB̹Ȼ߳ţǰ߳Լɵľ룬ºʿˢˢվŹ׼ֻҪЩһɹңڬBþ书ٸҲ̱ɴ⬡
ڬBȻ壬ȵվȵҶСأҪ
ԷӪͷܶһǰعһ֣óһ·ͼĿ嵶󺺴ҡڵ˳
ڬBһˣʱֽűվסŲЦֶŮҶæţʲô£Ⱥ常˵˵


16 ˼
է𣬵Ʈ㣬ƻءڬBþվ԰УصĻƻӵţ˵㲣ŬֱͦӣԸչԼǱ
԰ƻµģ⴦լһˣ԰ӵľ˾վصȺ⴦԰ӵ˵Ĳþ
İں˶ڬBҶС죬ڸֻ·һ԰Ǻø֮һ֮ﶼԼ׼õġ
ڬBþɣһζأͩԥذѲ񶪽ԺӣֵȼؿǺԼļճɻҽ
ڬB벻ͨҶСΪʲôͻȻվ꺮һߣѵӰŵڼ䣿
˵ͨûҶСİһܰżұءңԸżҵʱҶСҲʵʵشлȡ˺ôвӵеؾǴżҵлģżҶԴ˲ûн١
Ҫǣûив¹ȳд֪ͬʿΪӦҲδؾ׵ƷͩΪʲôҶСͻȻתӪء
ڬBð˼⣬ҪŪףһжǳҶСıأӶҶСôĻ֮֮Ҫˡ
ڼݣ
غհ߹Цҡӡһ＾ڵҹҡȹˣɲǺհô
һЦúǷı飬ڬBõҼҴڵ㣬ɣ
ؿɲ֪ǰλӵĹʵһñ죬ҪزǾ֮ͣڬBõһֻСèۿһͷƻСݡ
һԡңشЦЦת뿪ˡڬB֪һԡңǴ˼ʱרԡңҶС֮ҪԡǴ
Сڽվͨˣ뵽һʱѾ˼Ȼһ裿ҶСΪҪҶСʤߣǸϷŪڹ֮ϵʤߣⲻһʤߵΪǡйߡ
ڬB֪ˣ޷תĿܣִҪҶС죬ֻŪһǷҶС챾Ĳ߻ѱѡֻ֮ǰһҶСͬھ
ҶСǹƽ̽ӵһ뻯ĹδؾͨաһͨħʦһʿҲֻ־ܵķݶڬBҶС޷֮£һҶСһ
ȻҶС조ԡľٶȴ־ڬBúȻֲһ˿ϣȻãҶСⲻ˼ı仯ƺ֪ԭŪԭ򣬻һ
ſˣڬBվſڣһɳʪŨҩζҶСˣֻҩԡˮ׷١߷㡢̡Ѫ١١Ѽۡڽڲݡڵȡ
ڬBҲϲҩԡԡ֮ĵıļѩ֮ס֮𨡢֮ơ쳣ֻʼաʶˡ
ﴫҶС㲻֪Ѿôſţ䣡
ڬBõ˫ͻȻһ£ǻڿһ˹ȥǸ˿ɶԴӲš
ڬB߽䣬ŹϡŵƣһԭľĴԡͰҶСԡͰͷͰصĴëϣһֻˮʢɺѾƣװƵؿ
ΪʲôҪô
ڬBǿ򶨣ԼԵøǿ仰ʳڣǺûϢһֱΪԼܼǿǿ˰ٶֵĵزҶСֶ
ֱʡĻ˵ڣˮѸ֪ԭԼҲ书ĵλȨơľӣеһУ˿̶޼£Ӳһ
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ڬBýһ𣬺Ȼ˵ʲô
ҶСЦ㻹ǵ߹ңʶ㽨صԼʹɣɵúܣȥ㣬鷿оͷһ벻Ȼ˲Ļ
ڬBõɫȻһƬ԰ף֪⾿ԭԼһʱΣڳԣȴǡɱҶСˣϾͻɫ
ģֻǡڬBüˣЩѿؽ͵ѵûԼ洵ţʱֻǡҲǸ˼Ҷ㲢ûж⡭
һڴ޴룬ҶСţǱĹƭתҶСʱͷϣȥ
ҶСЦڴˣͲҪϷˡȫװģ룬ҵˮɽһμ㣬ɣš衢񶾡
ڬBѾһ仰Ҳ˵ҶСЦһȻֽ۾Щɻصô֪ҵݵģ
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ʱ˿̣û˵ӦǱҶС֪һ𡣵ÿ˶ԼܺͿԣһ䣬ǸһеΣ˵վǲ˵
ҶСüҵʲô⣿ôܲ鵽
ڬBõݵȻû⡣ҵ˷ʮĹʿǵòࡢɽˡ˵һԭ٣ûɵЩΪãҶĹ
ҶСһھƣЦ㵹ϸ緢
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ڬB˵΢΢һ٣ֵ֪ʵ֣ҲŶ˽ͷǡ
ڬB̧ͷߵص㣬Ҳûк֮ģһйȻΪϣǶҲû˿ΪʲôΪʲôôģҵһУ
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ڬBףԵɺϼϤҶСܣҶСҲżȻ֪ܡûϲã¶Լ޺һ־ˣϤȻջ
ͨڬBһĸо룬ϤҶСݺ󣬿ϲ̸һ̸˫ЯֺǲǻҪ̫ࣿ
ϧûкҩڬBֻӲͷƤګګصǡô
ҶСصҪһУͩԹҷϣֺαؼɵرڴ󽫾أҲôھģͩ
ڬB͸ˮϵҶС죬ɫո߽ӵʱΪң޹ģ˿̣˫Ѿ»ɡ
ҶС˵ĺᡢܾ飬ǷѾ͸¶̫ຬ壬˸оϻڴ󽫾ôܸо
ֻϧ۾װǻƵҶүûпһĻС۶룺ҰҰҰˮɽ¹û뵽Ӧ֮ɣ


17 
ҶСһصĺԵ⣬ڬBùȻŭˣǡŭкãܾڼҵֻŮܲ
صĺֻƬ̣ڬBõĺ±ϸèˣԿȷǳǿ
ȻҶСһϸĽŲüë˶û۾壬ؿͰϣ漴һ˫ļͷ
ҶСʶһ漴̩Ȼƣɱ˫ۣݵˮҩԡˮ̫ɿԿ塣
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ڬB÷ҶСߣصˣðҽֻ֪ͩҪҽҾΨһôģ
ҶС״غһ֪ʱشϵ˫֣ʱԱһӡĽεСŮӣҪɱĻʵǲһֻѡ
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ǲΣڬBֿɵõһվǻΪӰɥ֮ҶСô׾ӵıݣ̲סЦ
ڬBúҶС͵̸˾ѲٻָǰĬҶСȻûɱ˼ٿԽȡԼʧ͡
ۿҶСһΪģڬBú޵ǿŤҶС첱ӵĳ嶯ջ֪£˼ֻһʱͿ˵˼ʱ򣬱˴ûʲô顣˵˼Ȼ㣬ΪҲİ˵˼ҡ
ҶСߵ㲻ܺú˵ھͳȥ
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ڬB˵ţһ˫Ѿǰȥ
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һֱӺʹ󵨣ֻԵһǿƺϰ˷£վǸδµĴӣһܵĽӴܲ
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ҶСЦΪԱ̧ͦ
ڬBֺõصɶ˼ҵķθ֮ԣ£ĴͲġκһ֮ϣдȨյĳӣ˼ٵӡֻһƽ⡣ԣҪңҪżƺңҲҪƺżң˵ǲǣҵ
ڬB˵ţѻҶСĸëѲ֪ڬB׳ŵӵϷҲ̽ȥˣȻһֱԼ侲ʵѾȵÿԼ弦
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ڬBó㻹ôأҵĳɹֿɵãڶˣͷô
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ڬBкȻ¶βס⣺ǣٴңô
ҶСЩԾص㣿

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ҲҵŮūǸɡ
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һɫ˿£Ửۻ޹ҰڬBôһѩ׵С£ɢųЩ֪롣
һֱòҶС죬֮ǰǵھ飬Ѳ֪μȥ
ҶСԼȻһ˾үָоݾͷһذɣãԼӦõĲǣҶүЩɳƵԡ
ڬBһ˫Щ̧֣סСµ´΢΢ǣһˡĿѣ۵ľӨǰ
ֻһ棬ǵ֮ԵøͦϸԲͦڵƹ·ӳĻĹϣỬĴȽţ·һ˫ѩ͵ӡ
ҶСˮ㵹ϧûж׼죬һñƶϣûио˿⡣´˿̱ԡͰˮҪȣѪڡ
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СҶˮŸʹСڽδֻһҰԺᡣסһͨϣһֻʵŶһ
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18 
֪żҵģסȴڼˣżҵֻסڸȥˡɽҶȡ˸ãΪͭĵģҶˮﲻ
ֱʱǲžȵطֽ֣ͭϷԱ仯ģǽڼݣҲǵżүǱЦΪǭ֮¿Ҷƹ١
û֪һ޸޵׵٣ʲôֵͭķչǲʵȴǣв¹ȣΨҶƹհ
ͬʱǻע⵽żҺڼڶڿҶƹٵɫ£ҶͭʿǵĳʥʤأͷһĵĶɽַǷ
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ëŷüɫ˴Ӣ¼Ը³䵱ŷѭ˱ɣͷǿ˵֡Լ
ҶļȶϸˣǴŷլˡϸ֡ٶȣȻϲϿٶȡ
λЦëҶƹǼˣҶƹٵλֵϵҲ㲻ˡֻǣļһҶƹΪʲôȴҶƹΪأ
ֻǺһ䣬ëϲһͨ˵ѭ첻ͷذһۣȥȥȥһ˵ȥһλ
λæЦλδëܵһ߼ȥˣѭע⣬ϽһɽδԼĴ䡣
Ұɽζ˴복ˣ˳һûɡѭǰֳһѸ״ĺӣһĵЦ
ҶС쵹ǹڼӣûʱͣŸڼҵˣڸżҵˣϸˣ˵ˣæòɿٰ֮ͣ£ڴٳ˽֮ᡣ
ҶڣλҶСҶƹ٣վ״λڬBãһλǴ֪ͬٽڼҺںϵˡ
ͩ꺮⸸ˡڬBһϮѩ׵ĹۣͷӽݰףװŮ࣬쳣ġ
绪ףϵλ˾ԺɡλŮ˾ʱǼõģơһ˿覴öûУӳĺãһȥǷɫķ·͸Ĺ
ԴүŮľ飬Ƿǳ¶ȣ泩Ѫӯ²еҲν޹⡣ֻͨз¼г»鸾ˣŻģ˾
ΪʲôڼأҶСȴżҵǿԺһҪ˫һӶȫڼңΪʲôڬBùҶҶС죬һҹδ飬ոв¹ȱ㳷Χõı
үѾһȴҲƲ⣬ֻǡ²ǾԲ˵ģɲ뱻߳ŭڼһ̫߳ࡣ
֮ǰҶСѾ˫ƵĽӴһЩĶѾȷҲǽպ̸ĻЩߵ鲻ܴɹʶҲûҪٿ̸ˡ
ҶСһ֮ǰ˵ģ˫ʹ˰սżү鳯̳͢Ϯְ֪ڼΪݡ
ֻڼݴӴҪȫмְ𣬱һ˰۵شߣ֪ݴ˹ͬ顢ǩȱκһΪЧ
仰Ϊͭʸ趨һΣ˫ȨһκҪ˫ǩʹ໥ƺ⣬ʹ˫һ̶Эһˮݡ
ҶС쿴˿ڬBúͩһ㣬λûɣ
ͩԭҶСվڬBһߣѾʮ˲ΪʲôͻȻڬBãתӵ˳
Ѿ֪ҶСһݣƽ̽ǣһоͱΪȫȻҶСͿʼʵʩһնƻˣ
ҶСڼҴżңżأòʱֳżңڼңӶżҺڼܾˣò
ͩҶСĪĳǸıη壬ҶСôһ˵ϵͷףһҶ˵ǣ
ҶСֿڬBãڬBðû
ҶСüʲô˼
ڬBõӺͰӳɱûһأλ˾ļ壬ưոô
ҶС첻õصڼݣ±ǽҪ̸ģֻ˫ҪȰѻĺɣһɳǡ¥󣡡
ڬBõҪ̣Ҷ׼νأ
ҶСܸҪĻֻнżүˣĻ̸УֻҪɱѪɺˣ
ǺżҼȥӺͰӳĲֻһҸˣͼȾָͭʵ˸ĽڡԡҺżүϸһżүͬءӺͰӳĲ䣬Խ
ͩ¶һ˿ɬЦݣ˵ϴαвϪһأżҸеʹĻһҪõغ񣬿˽ˡ
ס֪֮λʵ𣬶Ҹ޷ָʧԺ󲻿ܼάżͭ˾г׿ĵλˣڴ˴ηָ֮ڼӵеؽżҡ
ס֪֮λżҲǵżңʵõ£ֻܺڼЭҶС죬ȻƱǿ֮ʣܿǸô
Խ
ڬBЦҶˣһǵ㵱ŭնλȨӵܣΪţֵԼͷϣȴҲЭȫˡ
ҶСŭڼݣ㲻Ҫȡ֣ȫͬһǹ¿ŮףȨӲݽ棬ȡ޼ɵƽյ˿ϳͺƽߣϳͺѵȨӵҪ֪η
ɵİ˸ߣżү븮ɹɱϵһͳͭʣǧԴһΪӺͰӳ򱧲ƽλ˾֮Ȩ֮ǸڼҺΪпʼ͸ÿǵһпܵĺ
ڬBüҶСеˣ΢΢Щ⣬һŤͷȥ⣬ӺͰӳδؿϴӦ
ҶСĺ׺ݺݵصһۣȴҲ޷øӵ̬ȶ˭Լûס°أӾͲ˵¶ĸɲҶСЩڣһ֮Ǹ֡ǧСūūšҶСϽ˸ˣȡ
ҶСһҲǵӺͰӳļδؿϴӦԣ»Ҫͷͣ˵ǣ
ڬBתͷЦЦصҰæðǡʲôô


19 ˽Ҹͬ
ҶСɫһŹ㣬Ǹôˣ㲻Ҫǣ̸вɣٺżү塢֣ٶȰأ
ڬBõһ˫۾һԲȻһ仰û˵˫˵Ĵ۾ȴ˵˺ööֻ࣬˭ҲҶС쾿˵ʲô
ҶС쵱ȻˣϵظԼòŮˣһͽʮĿװãܱСƭˣ
ҶС񣬼ŭ״ʵôڼô
ڬBùִصҪҳ棬ҪҺô
̲ͩסŭҪʲô
ڬB΢΢°ͣżҼȻԷָظӺͰӳļ壬ƽϢ¶ˣôҲҪһظڼҡ
ͩȻŭΣ붼룡
ͩתҶС죬Ҷˣ㿴żΪϢˣѾӦظӺͰӳһĻĳɲٺ̸ƴƣ
ڬBҲЦð֮ãȵӺͰӳļɱͭʣΪԼ˾㱨ʱһһԿϷģֻǲ֪㵱ɴȱλҶˣʱϲ϶ԼӵܱΪ˱ס㣬Ӻᡢӳļսһ
˺ˣҪҶСͷʹƽȷǼԦ˵ð취ͬʱҲһְĵͣ˲С
ҶСεصڼݣżԪˣٻظˣżүԼʵԽ£Ӧף
ڬBõȻˣô˵ͣҲҲգ
ҶС۷ŭ֮ǰڬBѾֱ׳˵ӺͰӳѣǱɱҲΪǱҲͰˣҪ˵ǵ˾ǱӣʧǽǮѺģѵҲҪ
ڬBߵصҶС죬Ȼ˵ӺͰӳѡȴΨһѡȻڼɱȴҲΪ˸㲻ϧ塣
ҲδżҵĶ֣żұɽȻɽֻ֪ҪҶС棬ʮа˾ǻܸǽݣذ֡
ҶСƫƫҪ˵ΪʲôΪͭʸص˾ǼȫڼҹϵеģֻҪӦȥ˵ͣضһЩ˾ķкͱӣҶСĸ
ڬBõҶС죬޵ģǰôûһûĵļһأե˼ң컹Ҫե˼ңҪ˼եŸǲǣ
ҶСһ£ڬB˼ҲδûеתͩżүڼԣҲδûе㿴ܷ
ͩȻҪҸ񣬾ԲУһ٣ʹˣҸһǧһʶһǧƥţһǧͷٶһҲɣ
ҶСֿڬBãڡࡢݣ㿴ΰ
ڵڬBȹƵ§§ǣɵ£µصǺðɣ󱾹پǰȥգҾȥӺҺͰӳ˵ǵˣ
ҶС˿׮½ͭʻϾǰˣЩĴҲʧȥ˲ֵɡҶСˣô͸̸̸Ҫˡ

ѵ̸ڲϵؽϵĽڽˣһЩ廯Ķû̸ҪѾɹʶѾͬʼƺжˡ
꺮˴Ҵ뿪ˣյ֮ͭȴҪҶСϢﻹûӦֱ仯ǲ
ڬBȴûߣǴӴ׷ҶС쵽СѾ˲ոȥλЦݿҶСڿλĶŵڬBñѲյһ٣ͬʱ
Ѿͷô˵ģӦúõģٳ
Ҷģ㾿ʲô˼û˵Ҫȥ˵ͣУҲö֮Ժηڣ
ͬʱһ䣬ָһ
ҶСű׵ȥ˵ͣҲΪ˾ƽϢ⻹ǰ˵ӺԼӳϵôУ㲻ȥ̸˭ȥ̸
ڬB÷߷ߵȥ̸ѵ˾Ƕģǲ뿴Һãûĵģô۸ԼŮˣ㻹Ǹ𣿻а㲻Ҫ̸ܶô¶ѾΪˣǲᣬʲôⲻǴĲҵ̨𣿡
ҶСһЦֱ˵صûҾҪק㣬㣬㣡˵֮ƺ⣿̫ƻŲ㣬ǣ㣬ŲҶԽ
ڬBôŭð㣬ҶģϿӾͲţҡҸƴˣ
ڬBû־ʹ򣬱ҶСһ߬ס󣬵㻹ҸҶ֣ĻıĶȥˣڴúҪƽϢ粨Ҫǵģȵ䶨ʱǣҲ棡
ڬBյص㲻ҪΪҲ֪ڴʲô⣡żǣңҵ˵ͣҺ˾ЩҶˣżڲ߿ڲ࣡
ҶС˳˳ˣ²˽֦ҵݵõ͢ȷԺҰԸϼһ˰ɣ
УѴǣǷųģǵĻھȥҽ
°һȷ˵
Уڡ
ҶС߬һһšͰֱ۱һѹڬBþ͸ϣҶС̧֣ʵͦβϡžžžش˼ƣǽһʵ
ڬB÷ŭؽең
ҶС˭˵ôģ˽³ϣŮūݣˣһССŮūҺ˵ûأ㲻ɣ
ڬBôô
ҶСִ򣺡ԼӦģҽҾʹҾʹ򣡷ֻҪûбԱߣ͵ùԹŮūҷԡ
ڬBõƨɱûֵģӵһߣζܻص㲻ô۸ˣڼ˾ݺ˵
ҶСҡŰ߹ȥЦҪ̸ǰɣҪ̸Ǿ͵֮ͥȥ̸Ҷĳڹ޲ɶԣαҪ˽һأʲô
ڬBζˣصҪʲô
ҶСүСŮūƨɰָãүϲ㣬ҪŵԣϽҹ
޳ܡġҡһ¡
ڬBȾӣҶСЦڬBӵ£ҶСû׷ֻԴЦߵض˶ţ߷Ȼ쵰쵰һ쵰
غѭ첢ƼһֵŮ̬ؿ
ʲôǵ۾
ڬBװͰ͵ģֻըëĲ˹èצһĻѭãȻ˼ڬBü񣬶ʱһ޵ݵ߲ѣϰһҴȥ
ڬBһӣһз߷߷ģҶģңұǧٱرϣƨɿҸն


20 ǧһ˾
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Ԫ㻯һռٳ˳Ȼүӣͭûٻȥˣұߡ
ûֻٴ˽šͭʵһϵб仯ҲŪе㲻֪ˣҪŪʲôǽжҪ
ɥصǰ˵Ҫżҽ˷ˣڼҾһ⣻ģոټͽڣ˵ڼҵΪ֮ͭżָһ⣬Ҳƭȥˡ
ͺٴһ󣬻عͷԳ˵һеĹؼڸв¹ȵв¹ȶҶСƴӣؼ
ٴϷͭʶǸʲôˣҪʲô㣬ȥɣĿǰͭĴȥˡͭʾҲû̫ע⵽㣬ȥһΪ
˴ϲٴҪͭʣȥĪҪӴ˽ɰ
˵Сû͸һ䣺Һ»ȥҪչȨΪͽӰ죬дã
ոüëʱ˵֣Թȴֲ˵

һ˵ϢͭʸѸٴϢϽ⿪Ҷƹٺš֮
˵в½ɽǨĸɽ粻ɽеҶƹһֱ֡ǣɽ٣ΪΪʮ졣
˾ƶǾһƶȣ˾ϽڣСٲǵطϵҲ߾³٣ӵȵľӣ׳ΪưӪ֡
Ӫ˾沿ӵıƣСÿӪҲȡ仰˵һ˾ͨϽǰӪıÿӪͬ˾֮ġ
һȵĴ˾һӪˣĩȵ˾һӪˣʵڲͬն򲢷ǳԢũıơ
ĶԵ֣ÿ˾ϽǲȵģĶٲʵĴСе˾µ񻮷ֵϸϽعϡ֮ľԶôӵʮ죬ʵʮӣÿԳһϵͳ
Щ˾ϽǴ򣬾ԳΪֻӵʮ죬ÿһܳıǧˡ˴ĿǰϢ޷ȷӵҶСΪһжˡ
ΣһҶСӵأѾ߱Ϊ˾»ʵǻɽڳ͢˵ǽ̻гɡµ͵µļףԤּ͢ɵġ
ҶС챾ԾǵĵϸʱҲ˳Ѿ߱Ϊ˾ҶС죬ҲںˣڰͲȫ¶֪Ǿϡ
룬µ۵ѱԶҰĴ£λȻоǰյݣǲǻûʵۺͳ͢׽һЩ˾͢
Ϣͬʱѵõ˹ٷȷϣΪżүΪĸ׾ٰһʢ漴鳯͢ȷ˾ݣԽܷ뷣֪ͭ
ͬʱżүڬBԼͭڶ˾͢ɽҶƹΪľһ޳뷷ҶСΪ˾ʹΪͭ˾ֲ³Ա
ڴµϢȻΣûعͼСǰȻ㲻ǰɽеƽ̽ϸȥôôôͻˡ
Щƣ£һʮۣϽ˱Ȳݹȥ
Ӳ֣һڣαһصҹϻģȥɽʲôأò飿ƽ̽˭Ѿ֮ˡ
ڻϤͭʱ֮¸ֺ˼Ķ̫࣬ȥɽ̽ƽ̽ݵģ뵽ҶСݣʱһ˵ŻȻ
ʧˣҶСλν
˭ǽҪڴɽˣԡ
üͷ岿ʮ죿һǶϪõķعãǻҪȥ̣Ѿǧ꣬ƾԭ¾죬ʼվˮѵҪذ
ǿһСȥò˶ãͳһͷԣջҲδܣ
˵Ȼ𵱳΢ǰʱҶСһʱ־Υֵĸоӿǿƽͷһαһ衣
ʱֻǸƦеĳСӣ˭뵽ھӵԼҲȲѵ
վڶߵλãжߵ۽硣ǻҲδؾͱڬBøΪλĲͬڶ˾ȦӵӽҪڬBøһ
ҶСյȴûаҪĿǰûСΪҪɽĻûȥռеģеضô죿
ǿȡ᣿ǲʵֻǳɽһ䣬ϪһȡһϢ֮أֻҪܶסżҵķͿˣٳɽҪؾ̫ӴˣƱػ˾ļ䱸
ձؽγ˾ְٸϻɽľٶڴսһ½أδؾͱȸλ˾ľӸǿ˾ռ˵˺͡
ʵ˾µľѵǺϸģÿ˾ϽڶУͲƺá̡ԣĻᣬоѵ
Իһʮ֮ͻʹͻҪطȡʱҲһȻһ֧ʵսǿľӡ
֪ҶСλƽ̽ͭеԴôܻܿܵͷһ飬ɽʮѳ
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ҵӰѾǰֻһλᣬһʧܣǮĹ⣬ɥԶзĻᣬһעǾԲѺȥġ
ҶС첢ݣ˸岿ӵĽڣͼͷ棬һ˾ɽ磬ȻҲܻܵ
ȻסһЩС˾ס͢סЩռĴ˾ǻ᲻δѣ֣Σնɱѿ֮أ
Ժһ˲俼࣬˵磬ǵѣһһӰҸļƻԣҾøҸʵĻӽ
üͷһ壬һδŮңôȥӽһӣӴ˽ȷʵбҪ¾ͽɣ
ģģ΢ڽҶСӨӨЩǣĹϵҺӨӨǽãȷҸʺϳ𣿡
˭һ⻰зӼɵˡ


21 ް
ţǿӲ˵û𣿡
Ȼ壬ص鱨ҹҲѼ鱨һ棡㲻ܸ棡

ȻƲסһӣһҹ㣬νӽѵҪŪԼɫû䣬Ҳû䵽ԼŮĲȡĵز
ҲǲȻŭֻϧĹǣϲŭ֣һԵĳ˼ְ󷢣ȻüҲȴû˿ơ
˵ʲô˻ҺӨӨĽãͨǣȻԲעؽӽҶС죬ô˵˲ִһһ׮һǿҵıǻۣѵǿԼ
Ѿ÷ˣ״⣬æҲǳֻŮңһʼ׽ӽվʱ²罻ɡ
Цô𣿱Ϊǹƽ̽㵣ĵʤ㣬κβɣ
ɫһ䣬˵ʲô
صף
ţߵʲô㲻ҪΪύ˹ƽ̽ңǳ룡
仰һд֣γ֪ԼĸЩΣʲôܿƣΨƲԼĸ顣
Ϊ޷ƣΪ˭ͼȾָԥسΪ֪Լָǲģأ±˿ߣȻڣ˵ˡ
ҧԼ´ղ԰ֽ㡭ڳˣ
֣ʧؽ͵ǵģСã˵ҡҲûҪ㣬ҲûҪʲôĴ㣬ֻǡֻǡ
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һĶصϣƵϵʱӳָۣһ˿ѪȻ
һһصޣ
롭
С׷һȥȴûסۿȻȻ˳ȥ

ҶС򰲹󿴿ûˣĵԶûˡ㲻ÿһˣûϾȥ
ҶСЦһѣʵڳ鲻
ΪȻҲǣҡһ䣬ӵжʮһ¹ΣȻæһЩ
ҶСЦЦζصʮ컹ǰ죬ڻ˵ء
㶣ôᣬ˵
ӻȻ򣬰ӱϾǰ˾ĵ̳ˣСܸȻһߣֻҶС˼
ν乲ʮǺⶼҶСųķҪ̽ķӦܵô
вɽѾǼȶʵѾõĳϣھͿ׷ӵĸ便ķӦˣӦǿңôܾͻ
ͭʸ೯ֻ͢ôһ׮£û̫ϸݣ͢ϿɣŻиϸµĵ顣͢Ҫô£ȻҲܶרС
Ȼ͢ԴּɣΪ˱֤طϵȶ͢Ҳһѯݵطصļλ˾ôڳ͢ݴ˾ǲĵĹУҶСͿԸʱƵı仯ʱ˴γɽĲֱﵽ·˾Խܵĵߡ
ҶСѰý˲裬ʵӴ˷μ֪ģ
Ӱ˰֣֪ˣŶѾһμӵʲ񣡡˵ţһţҶС죬ԭʱЦЩǼţ
ҶСһүӸҵţԵعٲֹܣүڹӣӵױţͽӵһʥּҲˡ
ӵ˵ͷҶСû˵ȡŵŷ⣬ȡеֽչپ建ǰ
ҶСҵƣ˾ңǧԶ;ܳΪһ˾ʤӡȻǰ̿δһ͡
ҶСĺһһ䶼ϸϸؾ׽šƷζšүӵдĺܳǰǶѡΪһ˾ȴҪΪһ˾ӭʥ⣬ʵ۴һӺڡķǡĴñӾ˳ֵġ
͢ڹШһŶӣأһ̽ԵĶӣŶδκãȫﲻԴΪͷ͸á
ҶСǾϣһ˾ǲںΪЩ˾ͬǭˣǵ϶Ǵ󺺡ʱɳ͢ίڴ˵ķ⽮ԭʱʧȥ˶ԵطĿƣӶݵأ
ҶСĶˣֻҪΪ˾棬棬һģүӸΪļ¶Լ
Ȼ˾˰Ϊ࣬ͻ׽һλ˾Ϊλ˾ɽĵٵÿ˭֪ʲôֹçײͿܻ󶯵
үӵĻ˵ĿνֱԲˣЩ֮ǷڳϣǼֱǴ治ȴֱָģ˷á
үΪоһϵе֮ɽڵ⡣ʮóȻɽũΪʱûжĸأһطִҵҲûһӽôˡ
ΪҵݷչҲҪһʱ䣬ʮ˵ĳԺסһλǷһսֶһˣǾԲԵġ
үϣҶСһЩҪȫһۣɽԲȡеĲ裬Ч¹ȹҴɽǨɽķһܡɵĹ̡
ȻһҶС֮꣬вȫɽȴΨһеİ취
ү˵ȻҶС⻯ڽΪȨȨķʽͳɽôߵһԾǿԱ֤ġΪɽвɽǨĲһʼǼʶķٺ͸󣬾ǨĶԸ
ҶСΪȵļ̳ߣҲ־ΪɽƽɽеĸǷǳۺģôȨͻᱻƽЮֵ֣Ȩ˾ߡ濼ǣҲᶨƵִߡ
ɽ޶ȵؼܵУձƻɽԭԱɽɱɽӦʵѡø˾εĻ
ΪҶСϾᣬүӵ԰үںϸزôĺô֮⣬ǿӰҶСҪȡõȨ
ү˵ǰ£ҶСݽǳȻӶڹݻþصĵλҶСĲڳڷչʮɽзţǵŻҲǵǵ
ʱ米иɽȵأɹ˿أʱɽչʱأ۹հԱоݣ磬ѭʮɽӰɴǭ𡢵ᡢǭʡǰ;
ҶСȻδѾ˿ǣı仯ҲӰ쵽Ĺ滮ҲһһʱʱеһȨнһӵİүһĿ˱ޱ
үӵţͷ·еһյƣһΪǰе·ֻǣү˿࣬ѵûͼҶСɲϵڱĺ¶
ǣҶС̧ͷ򰲹ӣţӱнͣ


22 С鷿ڹ
΢ЦνʱҾڳԼ֪㣬Ϊ粻ɽԼҲšͬˣԭЩǲ̸ܺģȴ˵
ҶСݸ빫ӵС鷿𻰣
ҶСΪƽ̽ʱڳҶС֪Ϊһʵҳɰȴһֱûʲô̾ڹݵϾзΡ۲˼Ҳ˵δѵʱ
ڣһͭʸѾǺ绽ĴǷݣɲĴ˴ռĴ˾С
˵֮ˮ˹ݣҲб°ѶҪһɽףҪȫɽȴѣһ㣬ʮɽ´ͭ˾ԺԣҶС챾˺طЩ˾Ǵ˾ȴúڣڰүУҲһһõˣ
ҶСȡûʯţȰѰүӵױŵŰӵ渶֮һ档¶Ŀ⣺׽ˣүӵ۹Ȼ
İںһһڬBߣҶںЩ㬵صˣҶСȻ˵ãҲҪ۽½ɣҪӺͰӳ˵ͣҲˣôǰǡ
İ΢΢һЦô˵ͭʸĹְһܲһӣѾûпеλˣҶС͹˾˷ܵ͢뷷⣬ҲǷʹ߳٣λҪѷǴ˵ģƣֻ躹ޣ÷εʱǵ÷£Ǵɷ򣡡
˾Ҫ뷷⣬ֻǲڲĹְ͢һҪ˾Ҫίһ͢ٵĹְ˴ҶС͹˾ͩڬBü˾˹ְ
˾ĳְְְ֣֪֪ء֪ͬĿѲȡְҪο˾˾˾˾˾ȡ
үݣǾһο˾ˣҲǣ˴˾˾У˾˾Щ˾ʵѷڰ˾
ҶСֱӱ¶ȫʵк棬¶ʵĽᱻίΪ˾ĿǳΪ˾λȻҪѷǵڴˡ
ڬBǰ棬Ƕϲ¶һĨεĿЦЩκ졣ںҶСУͲΪ˱ʾҶСľأ
ֻ¼ҶСġ衱ã⻰ֻȥŪϵһϷһǱּͨۻۡЭòɹʶĽ
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˹Цѱ۶С鷿ڻ棬ϣһÿڬBáİںУһ˵
һ˳˶ڬBĿһǰѷֱϡҶСȻڼݣͷˣʲôʱģ
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ҶС׵֪ˡ
΢ЦŲһֵҶ˼йͣԶˡĳǣ
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ҶС͵ſڣ뿪ַػɨһİںڬBñصݴˣС鷿𻰣
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ڬBΪЦϲ̵ظŴȣ˼ҾҪȥӺͰӳĲˡ
ҶСżҵĽ޸ţˣûٸţͷʲôİɣ
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˵ҶСһ٣׷һ䣺˵ȥ˵ͣӺͰӳϾˣ˵ʹ֮²ʲôʧȥǵ㡭ǧСġ
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ڬB˺òϲ·һ̳κ߳鷿ûã˼һ仰ͺҲűˣü


23 ݵ
ƫ飬֮壬Ϊ塣
˲֮ģ¦ɽڽǭ봨ʺ֮أǭһҲӦĸ֮ء
ΪݾനһЩӦλӵ֮һصĲĴĴԱǹϵЩǺ͹ݷĳ͢ԱЩģ
ʱ˾ģʤһ㷪ۡĴլ棬ǴΪ׳ۣ主ûʷ·һĴ棬ӦһϮ°׵ۣбһ޺ϡ
Ӧ΢˫Ŀ飬Ա޶ü绨СѾΪᴷȡ
˵Ǵʵһټܼߣ微ֻΪ˱ӣûйĳĳĳĳ֣һֵдǡݵá֡
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ʿģˣӦµһλ˾гԭμһְԶĸ˳λ˲ο˾Ӧġ
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ӦţʱڼѼְ֪һֱڹ˽ΪҶСΧġû´ĻʱӦֻվȳҶСѿȴΪҶСסĹְ
һ㣬ȳҶС󣬲ϧյ£ҶСʧٵܿҶСʧɲŪʧٵİϷֻҪ˻סڼұϵɴطˡ
ʱҵǷţҶС졮ʧ١֮͵ģڼǿҵǷţ֪ҶСݣɾӣŸı⣡٣Ҳң
ΪĻǻȻӦ˵һ룬ˡڬBúӦȻûý֤ʽԼʲô֣ʱһͷԼЧڹٷϵĻ顣
˵ǵĻԼ˵һݽЭΪǡҲϾһݻԼԶ׼λ׼ڻϤҶСʵ֮󣬹ϵߩһѿ˾˦ˣͷϴ˿ȵشһտ̵ڡ
ֽɵҲװɵˡԶȻҲλ˼Ҳܴװɵӡ°ŤͷһãȻԶаޣԼߣɿͣ

ˬʵĴЦڴлصӦ˫֣˲ӣ뵱Ҿ;Ůõ𣬷ŵ£üѰŮӰᣬȻûп˰˵ȼѸŮΨӦӵа
ԶȻڬB׼ݱѵݱ˾˶߷߽ӰɣǿòƶڼݻƳأ
ڼݸҶСûû¶أ˵˾ϲøˣɱϾйѲ긾Ȣؼѵһ㲻ںô
ӦվӣЦݿصɽڼܵ޽ԼҶСݣͼΪһ˾ãð
Щ£ұøȥģϧǸ̫磬ҵһġû뵽ñٲģҶСˣһúܺá
Ӧ޺²ص˾ð£ҵðæ㶯ǵĹϵڳ͢ϰñ߹ģһҪٳΪ˾
Ӧ˵һСȻ첽߽ڣӦˣüͷһ壬û˵δõǲ̤ģзǳҪ飬Ҫ֪
СߵӦǰҾһ񣬹˾ˣˮϢ

ǣգˮȨһۻᣬүгϯϯ̸ͭʾƣүӷŻ˵޳ͭƹҶСΪ˾
ŶӦüͷ΢΢һź룬ͷӾȻҲҶСˣҲ޳ҶСΪ˾٣ٺ٣
ӦЦƻб䣬ǵĹϵҶС쳪ȰɣͰүӽаôܲʤ
̽ص˾˵˼ǡ
ӦЦ˼Ҫӵġ
ǳҲһϺˣȴҲ¶Ȳ͸Ӧڴʲô⣬ΨΨӦӦתԶںҶС칲¾꣬˫ϵΣ
ԶϽվڵصҶС죬ԭԭϵǼõģֻǺҸǱﶼҶסɽϳ£ﲻ̫ټ»زˣԡԾͲˡ
Ӧ֪˵ĻЩʵҲƣֻ΢΢һЦ޷͹ϵԶǽҪҪǣôãƢӦú˽ɣ
Զ˿ǣ¶Ƣԣ൱˽ġ
Ӧ΢Цõĺܣôο˾ɣ˽⣬ϸ˵뱾֪
Ȼл֮Ӵ
Զͷ֣æһҾأϲص


24 ڼ˫
ڼҺߵ߽ҶҶС첻ڣҶôڣ
ܿصҼүڻͣλһ¡Σֻһƨˣ΢΢һЦѾһ̺Լ˳ȥ
߷ߵصBѾͷ뿪ͭʣǶõĻᣬɳôɲҶ֮⣬Ҷ˰䣬ʲô˼
ڼҺתתصܾе㲻ԾBСѾͷɫҶ˹ɡ
ɴ۾˵ܰɣֻС꣬ȨϸŮӣҶģΪһҰĲŮֲȱŮˡ
ڼҺһЦȱŮ˻ȱŮˣǽΣ
۾˭˭ͦ
ڼҺεط˷۾ʱѭش˽ζͶٲȻˡ
һڼҺǶѭصӴҹèӽլ
۾˵ʲôƨϷ㣡
ѭƲƲûңֻҿˡߣԼֶŮλӶҪ治ףΪɶôǣԼ˵ͷôס
ŭҪȥһЦѭ죬ˣʲôˣǹƽǸҷٺ٣ֻһֻơ
һ⻰Ȼɫ䣬֮ǰûһ㣬ôһ˵ȻҶСʲôˣǹƽ̽᲻ѾԼ˹ƣ
񣬼ȲˮҲþƣ˵ָ֮Ϣйƣʵ޷ȷԼûССڼҺҲɹֵܶһۣ⡣
һǾ;ͷ̫ˣ·ֻǲѷҲࡣ
һԣҶС˽һڼҺ洺صλ˵ˣҶĳոռһλˣʧʧǵС鷿
ڼҺһۣԹվһյڼҺͲ˵ˣҲΪ˳֮ǰ⡣
ۼ˸ҶСԹԽ鷿ѭǺһЦһлãһ¾ˣҲұѡ
ȽǴëǺͻƷҮУۼڼҺϵëǱЦֻѾֿ¶˳ǽ鷿ëǷҮϣαأιֻȥˣ
Үз۶֪ΪƳôģ˵ӵ֮Ҫ̣ƳҲ⣬ι壬̵£꣬ҲˣԶһˡ
ܣҡ
ëǻû˵꣬ͱƷסż⣬ߵĻҲ˻ȥ
Ʒɵȣǰ쳤紫ڹ˵һֹƶι壬ÿ겻ҩᷢΨýҩѹƳ棬Үƺ֮
ҮкǺЦֻ֪һ֪˵ֹƳ棬еģǳҲͻһ࣬޹ʦ̥У޺
߶Դǲ֪ģÿõĽҩʵµĹƳ棬Ȼ룬ֹƳҪɹʦп⣬ҪڽһԶõ
ҪôϷҪôɹʦĳҩ⼤ûмʱ֮ܹӽ忪ʼʱһʱ׼ʱ⻹ǳô
ëǵɴ۾ΣԼÿµνҩȻµĳӣ̵ġ
Ү˵ȻʶæѵǱܣ򲻿ɶ˵𡣡
ƷæҮϷģǶȻ˵ġ
Үв֪ǼλϵƷɺë¹Ƶ¶֪ǺйĽ飬ɽ쳾Ҳ½ʧ˵ܡ
ʱҲЩڣϾֹƽ̵غͿ²ܸõάֹƽ̵ϣҺûƷɺëǲˣҮжһ䣬Ҳûٶ˵
һߣëϵǿɶ񰡣ԭǼϼһƭǳԳӡ
죡
Ʒɵͳһ䣬ɿһɨٺٵЦȻ֪һҩ裬Ҳٷñˡ¿˵ȥ

ȥеɽկڼҺãȻؿҶС졣
ҶСҵʵݣǵȻѾ֪ˡеɽկҽɽĹؼһһ߲ãҾֻ˻شɽٵ´λ᲻֪Ҫˡԡ
ҶСһеؿǣȻԣΣҾͽλȻֻᣬǵӹɣڬBõȸôܺλȣڼͷˣֵõżҫ
ΪȻƵƵͷ
ҶС̾˿ǣ˾ѾҶĳҶĳҲñ֮λأϲУҲεĺܣᱻãҪ䱸ţҵǰ¶ְ
ҶСһģвսǲЩɽˣȨıǻȵɽˡλȥеɽկǾẉ̂ã˿ʵҶĳܳΪĴλй֮
ڼҺ˵ǲԸ뿪ԼĲ䣬ֻҪҶС첻֧ǲڬBãǳʱʱСڬBãڲҲȷʵʲôΪˡ
һ棬ڿʼҶСĹƽ̽ˡ֮ǰע⵽ҶСԿʮɽȨע⵽ҶСùƵ
Լûб¹ƣԱߵĲѾˣҶСĸ˹ƣʱȡҶСȻΥ֡
һ棬ҶСΪͼҲĴǡɽ˶ɽȷʵһֺܼ˵̬ȣһǾɽ˺ηҰѲһ־ɽױˣת
ȥвҷӴãҶСΪ˾ΪҶСɽļȷ棬㲻ܳΪ˴ռһС˾ܿԵİɣ
ΪףΪţ󰡣
ãȥ
ȭͷڼҺͷԣһ˼֮ڼҺվ緢˻
ҶС԰͵ſڣۼȥվҶСЦҰģֱɣȥеæõ̸ֻϹ᲻ɽկ⣿
ҶС΢Цȥżңбżҵ˷Ϊô
ü˾˼ҶǼͳΣб£ôܲýȥ綫һ㣬ҲߵżһöԹƽŲɣ
ҶСЦˣΨһĳ·ֻȫȫҴɽңʲôǣ


25 
ڬB뿪ͭʸ漴ıҶС򷢵˸вͩλ¹ٻûʽΣҪȳ͢´ͭ˽ѵõƽڡ
ڽĵѾβ׶ΣͭʷһʱĳѾߣ۱ͭʵĵʿĽ㡣
ڬBȻͭʣڼһǲеʿãΪ۵ӵߣҲѾõڬBеʿ˱Ÿ
ͬʱѾβ׶ΣֻһˢװξͿ깤ĵֶۣһЩطʼ˲𲹲ؽϸ˷֣ؽĲֶǾԵ۷ĵطӴĵۺܿҪˡ
ҶС첢δЩ飬Уһķ֮Ҳδֹͣ죬ʱѾʼʽӸɽկѡͯͭʳԸѧĺѾǵԸУԺ
һУУ᳤ҶүƵƵУᣬոտʼѧܻһЩȲǵ⣬ڣǲϵѣظ
ᣬصڣָסֳֵ̳֮ϵĹض磬ҶСëƷɣУǶˣô
ëŴܺðɵĺܰЩҲ
ҶСЦЦҴƷɷֱУ£ǿô
Ʒ΢΢һû˵ë̲סðȥѧУ£⡭Ȳʶֲ䣬Уᶼ׵ʲô
ҶСЦУΪʦн̻ʹߴ߸棬ҲʦգҪֻѧѣ
ëǴʵѧ飿ѧ顭Ǹʲôģ
ҶСѧôԺѧŹʲô㶼Թܡ
ëһͿô˼ԭȴ粻˵Ҫı𣿰ҶСӶ˵ˣҲ˵ĺܣȻֵȥѧʲô顭
ҶСҡͷҪȥУȻΪ㣬ҲΪǸˮԲŸ㣬ҪͷҶС㲻֪ôʱɲҪң
ƷҶСѾ涨ɽиҪЧ¸вѡǵӵܳɽУѧϰ뵽ҶСƶɽ̺ش塣
ƷȻ
ë˻ƷһۣӶ˼ĺΣϸصǰҲǴŰʲô飬ɾˣе㲻ŵȴô˵ô
ҶСЦãôӽǾͷֱУȥѧɣëУƷȥᣬһҲɰȵ׳ףڳӡ
ҶС˵ֿ꣬Ʒɵļ뻯ֻѧϧˣͬʱμϰɣֻν̣УǱҲҪ̣֮ѧĵĺҲѧ
ƷɵģƷһ
ҶСͷȡȼضݣ¯˳ȥ
ҶСǰŸճصţëǱչȥضԻƷɵƷɣ˵˵ѧУһȺСƨӣʲôô
ƷЦЦë㻹ǵǸղȥУʱǰݵ𣿡
ëǵǵðΪΪǰԽ콭˵˼Ϊ˼һɶ
ƷЦǶһ˵ĺţ˽½γʱĴҳٿУｨʲô
ëǵصضүⰳ֪
Ʒɵ½²ѷڹضүʵ٣ΪֻΪضүΪ֮½֪ǶҲģ
ëգգ۾ãȻΣ
ƷɹصصǴͭеѧǴɽвѡӵܣУѧ»ΣҪҪѧ壡
˭ң˭壿߳ȥѧӣЩʲôˣѧ࣬ǾǵʦȻģɲ䣬ʦصʱ򡭡ٺ٣
ëգգ۾ãȻΣ
Ʒ죬صëҲϴСˣ׳׺ڿһЩЩֶӣü
ëǵģ˵ȳףҾȱϴֶˣģ˵˵ѧУһȺСƨɶô
Ʒɣ

ҶСͭʳյѲУᣬԼġʱϽеλڽǵϴҴ¡
Ϣ϶ǺõġʱĴʿݿƣҪԤܱ˼ѧŭǿӲֶεѹɱ䡣
Ҿջܱ˼ѧߣĴѲƽѲ泯͢ʵΣֻó봨ѹҵıȻ࣬ȴɽվԽֱʱƽϢ
ɫּܱ˼ѧھΰɣΪо֮׷̩µʮȫնףЧȣѾȫ䱱ߣ
ʱгûֱһ׮ϲ£ǣб࣬ǰж̩Ѷʱ°ȵأڹԭʱܡ̶Զ°Ҳܶ飡
һ׮ϲˣʵ۵ɫÿˣϴּνʱмʵãȡѹ׵Ǳ££ﻹһɽУԹűɽܾӣǧ仯ʣѲ˳
ȴɽ½ɽԸ̻ע켮ڹٸ֪ͭƹҶСǰҶƹƴɽܰԳɽ岿ɽΪ岿
ɽ鸽ΪϲͭʱΪ˾£٣ҶСǾϣͭ٣ɽӵԸΪ˾ҶԱ֮Ϊ˾͢¡
Ŷʵ룬ʵΪΣ
ѲʷͳΪر߹˽ѡã˾һ뷣Ϯ棬겻ףӦءҶС쾿ƷΡΣвö֪óȻ뷡
㽭ʷͳ෴Դ壺ϿΪĸ֮١١١ʿ۹١֮١
֮٣ϮԺƱس꣬ǧ꣬ԭ仯丽ӹƳʵģҶԱͬǾϣԭ٣ɽԸΪӦ˳ӦģԱظмʶڱ£
Ȼ֮ԣǲ²⣬Ϊƾܲӿ죬Ϊһգָǧ֮
ʱпһԱκصʷةںϣ󺵡̾õضɽƻԱ˽̰ȰƸ
Աͭƹٺ뵱ʿһ𣬿Ժᣬ̵ѧӱЧҡ뽲䣬òأʵʽΣ˽̻֮ҲԣΪӦ뷷⣬ҳ֮ģ
ֻǳϵسο׸λߣ˵־˵ֻ΢΢һЦٲ˻˰ڡ
ɨڳһۣԱ飬ˣٸԱɣ֮뷷˾٣뷷⣬Ҳһˡ


26 û
ʱڣʱʱܳ;Ѿˣ·˼٣ֻõãʮƥۿĿԱϣһ·Žͭʳǡ
뱸⺷ʿҲǹͶǹڱԻСܣɫλ˾үĴ˽
ڬBڼݻˡ糾͵ӣȻһ·ߵòݣǿɫȴּãȻеӦ÷ǳ˳
ڲɸĵʵǿԼ˶ĵĲǰټڹ˵ӺᲿͰӳĲѡ˺ƽ
ڸŶڬBô̤߽ȥ˳ְӸӣǽжװιϣڬBһߣһ߶ӭĴµҲڵЩӣͭΣ
ǹС鲽ಽظڬBú棬жٵ˵ŰڼҺȥϪвͩټ˼˰˵˻żүѡһλʵǿ˾Ȣףֲżܵشʧ
ڬBţûɵһ꣬Ļㆪ£Ҫ˵
Ǵ̺˾ˣ֪ڹƢҪ޾ϸҪһһģΪ˵һ۵С¶ܾ̲ܿһܣݺԡôֻˣ
˵ͩ춯Ҫķʽȡĳλۺ˾⻹ǴʲôǴ£ڬBôһǳ⣬Ǵګګز֪ô˵ˡ
ڬBü״Ҳ֪ԼƢĲԣŻɫˣʲô˵ģһһɣ
Ǵ˿룬ȥһЩΪС£ֵӻ̵ү˴ũߡţ֡ҩƥȥϪˣ˵ҪڸвǶ׬һʡ
ڬBһĵҪ֪ǹƽ̽Ҫˣ޴ֵܣȥϪ׬ƨԼĲ䣡ƻţȻ̹ࡣ
µ⣬ҶƹٷֵУѾ̿ѧ˴ѧӣܶ඼ɽвӵܡ
ڬBתתû˵ȴƽˡҶСϢ漰ҶС죬սķʱһɨա
½˵оǣ͢ʥּҶƹ뾩ݣҶƹոˣǺǣӦþһ˾˰ɣ
ڬBȻվסŲ׵£ҶСˣĴ£˵
ڵصΪ֮ǰ˾żүҶƹΪ˾ֻ˽Ȿ˾Ԥ֮У㡭֮°
ڬB䣬صɳˣ
¸пص׾£Ѿʮһˡ
ڬBõͷǰôˣҲʵСˣͲҪôˣʰһ»ؼȥɣİ࣬ȴС𣡡
ۼڬBƮɲ£·һֻһŲһء
ڬBȴͻȻվסŲͷ˿׷ԲԵĴ£ٷֻ鲻ãԡûˣԸ׼Ҫԡ
ǿĲĵʱ£æӦǣ

Ļ裬ҩԡ֮뵣һ߰͹µŮ壬岨֮У۵ļ͸ʮŮζ
绨棬˵۲תţ˸Ŷ˵ɡڬB̧һעˮԼϣˮ˳Բ⻬ļͷ䣬һ԰˶֮ͦ崣ɷˡ
Ůӳƹʱжͬ˵ѴϿʲôͬϣܶҲһӱóŮȻ
ڬBϰ䣬ͽǣټϿģˣȻʣɾö֮ϣǸһİԵǿӲĸо
ȴͬˣ¶֮ѪͨɻϣĹ󣬳Ҳǰ˼޷εģҲѹִ֪ͬ
ڬBһûһµòˮڷ˼ԼΪʲôҪҹ̷ͭʣΪʲôɳþòͷ겻Ϊʲô˵ȥ˾ǣΪã
ڬB̾˿ỬˮȥڵĻ֮£˰Σһˮ뵣һ컨ѩ۵ļϣ͸޵
Ҫˣڼҵ˾άڼҡ׳ڼң߱Σ㲻Ϊ˸ӹڼҵΪޣ
ҶСҲһҰĵϲ㣬ǰ㵱һ֮֮ȥŮ裿Ҫİ򲻿ʧԼ˼Ҷ޵㻹Ϊڻ
ĪԣΪڼңΪ˽򲻿ЧѰСŮʧʧȥңڿͤڬBã
ˮ澲ֹţϡձ䡭

ݣ塣
Ӧ޺ϣǡһˣЩЩ½̫ϸ㸿ţʩչֻּ°գ
Զϲعǣ¼ǵˣȥ߾ܣ˾
Ӧ΢΢һЦصãʹˣλҪóġúռ㸸֮δҲδһ£
һϲĶҪըˣæ۹򵹣ߵл¡ΪЧ
Ҳ֪ӦԶ˼ҶС죬ղ߻ЩʲôԶת׵һӦ̣ǰʯ丮ȥˡ
ϪߣڼҺıһţͷɽҸоõذԼ˸еҡʦࡢٸ̫ϻʡ
˹鼫ǣûһǲ֡˵ǱϾһᣬӵԼأ൱ḻвԭסɽɽ󲻽ӵһؾӦɽġ
ʽĸı䣬ҪһϵӦĸıϣȨܹͳηʽʽʽȺϵԭ򵥵ͳƶȸ޷ӦһУûӦľͳʶı䡣
Ҫ˵ǶıڼҺˣһֻ㼡֪ⷽʶҲ˦а֣вĽѸٷչ
ıվıңֻרĴ½裬ԾҲ²˹ڼҺ˵ֱ޿һпնߥ޸С
ⲻոΪɽũ˷ءţũصΪǻׯñȽϺĴ弶ƶȣڼҺһҲ۵ҵյĸүѪڵؼɿ
կҴˣɽˮɽƬϿȣ֮ذΪɽﲻ˾ӡҲ˸֣һֱûȷָ˭ǵȥռඣ
ʲôмű˼ңû˵ԼأҪԽ˵زܵǶʲô˭֮أʲô²Ǵ޵У۾һûãռţ
ǰկôһǾˮɽ͸ˣ˵ˮɽڳǮҪǺڼҡ֣ҸߣӦҲܷɰɣ١ٺ١


27 
ͭʸھһɽҶֻӱаȥ칬ˣʱȺħ˺ȺﲻݣɽˮҲͣͭʿʼһ粨
ʱҶС·ϣһ·ȥɷ硣ʮ󳵣ٶʮӣ׳ƽͷ֮⽮ؾҲá
Ψһǣ·;ûôĵطԱԶӭӷ罤СѭűӣΪȻصˣΪһ͵һشСģ᲻Ե̫հˣ
ѭһۣĵƨ̵͵Ҫǵ͵ôߵںССʷ͸ҸǳһȫصһĺլһЩطС˾ҪţҲе͵
ҶСһ£ڻԯʽţ·սʱĳϣ󣺡հҪհ½㶮͵ЩϽַǲ͵ģֻΪòãҪڽַǰ԰԰ڣǼ˲һŹ֣
ҶСЦúòС˵־ؿ̲סҲЦˡ˺Щ߸ϵĴͳǵȷͬЩʱǡر棬˷ᣬϲ
ѭűӣֵǡ׶ڵҲδ̫Щʱ˵ǰոջؾߵľ·ᳵӣֻʮӣô᲻̫˲Ŀˣ
ҶСذڰ֣ҪһʹҲõ͵ڲ٣٣٣ڳ͢һЩûôʶ±⸱ģǲĵء
Ȼ˵ǣأүʽԯȻۣڶʮ·ˣ˾ҲͿˣ˵ѩϯ˷¹ι絶˾ﻹ⳵
ҶСſڽ࣬һĴȣյصҿѣӴˡɲɣǰߵ˴ǣһһó
ҶСԣŲ¶ȹΣĲɷͷԼ¶⣬Բഺһ˫ȣĵضҶСС磬ô䰡·ǲҲܴˣ
ҶСôģѰװŮӼ˼ˣŮҵװʣģݸ¸̺ӡأҪԼɩͷ
ɩڼһͬϱﶼһΣҶҸĴȴóȫҶСðһͷַǳ˵С˿ֻȴСʱʧȥ˼̳Ųʸ񣬽˵ϱҲѡ
ɩôʱ۸磬ӸſҲǾԼ˼ѣίҶС˻ᣬȻʹίķһɩӡ
ȴ˴˵뾩ǵʵ֮ҶС쿴ĵģأһ˫۹µĴȣʵ᲻ðĴؽһ׷ʴӷ׵Ķ
ҶС췢ݵص㲻۱ֶΣڱϷ̹ءˮɱĵطҲů紺ѣ۲հʱҪհ
ҶСݵķص۵ƯϱһͰǶඣ

ÿ˶룬첮ڵ룬һ̫࣡
ÿ˶̫̫࣬ǻ쵽¹һСˣ˴ӻߡֽ¡䲾桢ةټ࣬նɱȥǵ̫ࡣȻҪΪ̫֮еһԱ̫ײ²ԱҲ졣
ٵʧܣ̸ǻؼң䲻ڳ磬ҲɱԱڵط˵һλʱ̫˻·̫ࡢ̫ݡΪ˭ʧƵĿܣһҲΪԼ£Դ£ƵһҲЩʧƵĹԱ
ͬ͢͢Ȩ֮νѪȷ磬һŲп֮ء첮Ĳ£Ǹ־ˣǰ־٣ڵ־ǳΪһ̫ࡣ
Ҫ̫̫࣬ҪȣûӵĻ¹ٲǺû¹٣뱧ȵ˲ǺˡҪͷҪȣֻʵ̫ۡӡʺӣ
ŻʵۣӹɣֿȵĹܶʱǶҪͽ㡢ֺ㡢¸㣬ȡͨõʵ۸Ĺעͳ谮
̫ӣǾǱɣһ̫ӵǻƵۣϾȳӴˡŻʺҲĸ¡ͳҲܺٻЦȺˡ
ӣǾ͵ָóó裬ɫˣȲûʺ󣬴ʧһ죬⡣ĻҲмӹʱѾһ˽ƣʧ˳裬Ҳ̫ѹ
ϧ⼸֮·ʺ첮ģΪǷ̻ʵۡʺ󣬻̫ӡӣҪȾȨ̫ǵΣǵͷл῿Ŀꡣ
ǣ̫κ󱲣ҲΪԼѰҼ̳ˣ͢ȡʿǲǽʿɻڴĵһſڹͷ;ܷΪ̫ĵһżࡣ
ܳΪ̫ˣϰʮ˲ܳ裬һ׳ҲͿʼܳˣʱͿʼʶѡС̫ɶӣصࡣ
⡰ӡ飬Ǵһ߰޿ʼǴһ˿ʼã첮ѾʮͷˣѾʧȥֵ
ԣ빬ôã첮Ļûʵۡʺ̫ӻκһӣΪֱĻ¹١
ʮļţƹȨ˾߲࣬˹ϹԼ԰յ˾Է֣ԺʳסУÿһרŵ̫
õлӴҳԱһȵˮ̣ùľֱ࣬ǹϵĶʮļƵһ࣬첮ھֱһԱ
첮ڵɨŵأʱשݣʱ̧ͷɫǽ֮һտգ̾һ빬ôãѾ·һˡ
ɨ⴦Ѿ̫̫ã塣ǣһλӴŭʵ۱乬ǡɰأһ乬λл»ûʵ۵ĳأ
Ȼֻһһһ˿ϣȿשСϻҪãչǻϣСǿԶ
ˣֻСǿѲ첮ģΪ첮Ļǳͨ͢ӹҪڵֽУ׹
Сڹǽ¡桱ɨŵأ𡱣ΪǰͻȻ֮˼̫һߣһ˵˵˷ܷ˾ԭǸ٣
ɲֻ٣۾أҶʲôţˣҶС죬ðţһգۣ˼ҾͳϮ˾ү
ણ
СеɨʧأãȻվǶ૵ҶС죿ҶС죡Ȼ֮䣬ɫ࣬ްŤޱ
н죬һеһУҪǸҶС졣һǰԶԱӣһУҶСˣϵֳΪةһΪĳ͢٣һУֱҶСˣ
ӷɽǿɽͽгһߣ˯ڻ谵ӵ̷ͨʦĲиʣſʧȥһ˵ϺһУͳͳҶС͡ҶС죬ȴ˾Ȼʵۣ
ʧȥһУȴԸٻϮ棿ҪҪһУ
Сŭһʧʱʪˡ


28 ϱ
˶һ͵һֵ»¹ٳð˳첮һæʩʦ
ÿ˹ҪʦţشûʦţŪôĹءͨһʦҪʮͽܣУʦĻЩüĿ㡢ڳСɶӣȫ࣬һɶ˳ϢԼҲͳͷˡ
˵£ÿǣ֪Ϊ˶ȳ˸ע飬ΪһֱµĹأʦ桱
ͷС̫࣬ĻǼ⣬ԸɵǱҪТģֻǰТҲ÷ᣬһʱ򣬻׼Щ졣Ϊ˶ôű֤ԼҲ棬ûĸɶӸΥֵ
첮ѾʮˣʦҲʮͷոСĴС鵱ȻҸͬĸɶӸʣ첮ǰһܴ
ʦǵģͽš
죡
ʦЦҹ£죡
첮ҧҧֻùǰԼ͡
ʦؿ۳ģôţҲ㷹ô
첮İһᣬӴԼ⡣
˿ûӣû־Ϲģֿ죬ܰͷгϢ뵱
ʦҪѾ˵ĵιɶ£ʦ̺̹̹ӶΪɶӵĹʷ˵һ飬ԱߺȻиô磬֪ĻΪ⹬㵱ң
ʦȻŭüһҪ˭Ȩ̧һƣȻһȻְҲߣǰλΣϵݡ
ǰһϮüĿ񣬷Σǵˣ̫谮׵ܡʦ˫ϥһϾ͹ȥǫصӴүūͽܣûᾪ˼ңū
ɿӬƵĲʹԼ⣬صͷ
ǡ
ǸʦظϽЦһ·ͷӿˡ
첮һˣŵľսͷһʦӿæҲͷվҪߣɵţ
첮ͷһæվסŲ׵֪үʲôԸ
ɴһѩ׵ݹȥº͵صɣ
첮ķԼѪͷӹɵл͵ǡ
ɿС΢ӣвһĨϧ֮⡣
ʵݹأĻںһǣȥһ˺أ֮ͻһֲֹޱȣĥҹ£ղһʼ˲Уר֢ĽҰУƫҲ֪˶٣ȴʼղЧ
ٵбƵĵطʼãʱҲ˿ˣֻЩܼҩԼҩһѾȬӡ
ȻԼһҵʱ䣬Ѿù⣬̫໹ɾġˣκõİ취ȻǴ˵Էӹҽġͷʹȷͷʹšķӡ
ȻǸ߸ϵĹүɹѾǰݵһˣ̬ҲЩ仯ռͽ׻¹ۣɾȻ֮⣬ԳΧ
첮ĲѪͷҲֻ̧ɳһҾлүū£
ţվס
첮һٶɣסС첮Ĺ⻬òһë򢡣
㣿
ںܹ첮ĽӴϳ첮Ĵ̡֣߲һ¹˵ϣүүĽѳһˣľӡ٣ңֻѣү
첮Żˣɲ֪ɿߵĻᣬȥɱҶС죬ֻ֪үȻϳҲ֪շﳼˣߵͷĲֹ
ɼλĺةھȻڹ̫࣬ҲǴһʵ벻λةʲô״Żҡһ̫ࡣ
첮εĳҶС죬ġҶСҪܷ˾£һЩ൱߲ĹԱѾ֪ˣڹݽײ㣬֪˸ࡣ
ΪǵĹְٺ»ҲϮģֽĴߣʮϰҲöһңҶС˼ĴǵȻ˽⡣
Դӱˣͳ׾ռӨӨͷ־ֻϵش仯ƫִռȴԼøӷΪҶС֮Ĺڣƫִǿҡ
ҶСԽԽãϾҪΪһ˾ɱλүҪʣԤϣΪȨһ˾ҲӨӨɪˮĺˣһʲô֪
ű̫𻰣ʵûʲôȤݲӦһ㼴ǣ첮ģͷĳ޶Ȼøǿۼ첮ߵͷ絷⣬ֱؿȻѿʵǲǺ޼ҶС죿
첮һ˫ַأȻ̧ͷ
֪ҶСԵʻᣬȻһ٣ܵϾҪ뷷Ϊһ˾Ӵ˸Ե֮ˣ
첮һĨޱȼ޵ɫ׵ū澡֪
΢΢һЦ¹еϢҪС̺ʦʦ̺ˣлᱻö顣˾࣬л¹߹ţ˳ơ֮֮ʵ˾ˣ򼸺ȫ鷿
Ҳ֪ôһӵķ٣һ̫ࡣֻ֪ʫ飬ѧ֮鷿˿Щͽ׻¹٣ֲʶм䣬ʵ̣ˡ
첮Ŀɲǰ׳գѾ˵Ļʲô뵽֮ǰʵǾ䡰ǲǺ޼ҶС족첮ĸ飬һͷصߵڵϣүȫū澡ԸΪүЧʸ־޻ڣ
΢΢һЦҶСˣҲϲҰ˾࣬Ȼֻ˲ˮС̫࣬лӴ˾ͨд̫࣬ж컯ͿԼˣ㿴Σ
첮һϲ㲻κκôҲԸΪ˸ҶС߾ܣοָôһŴ첮ĻϲߵͷͷשѾһƬҲ

ҶСؾϲѾˣҶСļԴ˻һ֪հһ·ҶСһϲԲδ˰Լ½Ϣ߼ˡ
ͨǰҶѾ֪˶ڹٵ£Ҷ˵һҫĴ£ַھεľͬţȫüɫ˵
ӽµ˶صϻһȻԽУǹôңԶĵطĿǱ߻֮أǾ͸ˣ˵ҶС˹٣ǵҲ
ͬ£Ķ٣پǹ٣Զϰչ÷ڣǵط٣ԽԶ뾩ǣԽңԶȰҶȥͶӣꡣ
ľˣҶҲЩ⶯һֺϰ˵㣬ȴ֪ʱѾ̤ëѩص˱ǣ


29 Ӷϴ
ôһѩ
һ߳󡱣άЦ˵һ
άʮͷΰĸߴ󣬹ţǸߴͣ΢΢ЦȴһźΪһˣΰģȻҲûɱ֮
һѩɢάƤ멵ëӣŤͷһѩԱ˲֮УӣȻǲ亮ЦСֵܣһСż꣬ӹǶȴЩͽסˣ
ԱУüĿ㣬ͶʮĵӣҶСһģһ˾ҶСֵҶСҶС˽ƤڨЦϴȡЦˣǿ׳ӣȵˡ
άЦժԼͷϴŰƤñӣҶСͷһۣˬصŰɣһ·ȥɱ˷纮ӡ
ҶСæñ̫أҿɲҴ˲ˡ
άˬصˣ
ҶСԾʹãһñӣɲðʮӣ
άסժñӵ֣ȣԼֵܣôʲô
άۣҶСһ̤ϥĴѩߣããһƬŻſڶźƣǾ̻֮ء
άЦСֵܣλô
ҶСưһζصţãðһôԴӸϴʶŮ˵ζλҸİء
ҶСЦάֱҡͷȣƹʱȷֲȢؼţǲǴʲôҪ̺ܰƮƮɡ
ϸ㽲ŮţʵһҪ˵ֻǶٺٺ٣λֻɰ὿ۣ˴֮һ¶ꡯม
ҶС۾⻰ô
άЦ֮ʣѵûע⵽խСۣСôٺ٣Ũ֮ʱӤ֮У˿꣬¶龧Өѽ
ҶСһһƵƵͷάŭӿô˵ģҲŻ˴Ǯôţѵˣɣۿɲߣǻȥˣ
ҶСæסֻСܲЩһ˵žȷʵô¶
άתŭΪϲЦ棿ûƭ˾ͺáѹϵôˣ׿ܲõġһϸٴȥԷǶλ곽ͬϻûɣ
ҶС۷Ź⣬ȴֲ׷ʾʲôбϻֻƴǵ»ҲСˣռıˣСȥˣ˰ɡ
άֵص˵Ļ˲ǣǱҸʱǶչˣûܻϼҵĴţ˵ԼֵܣǸӵĲüˡأ⣬ûУǮǮҪԼֵһ𻨣ʲô⣡
ҶСˣЩжҲ֪Լһ˼ҵǮʵ̫ˣѾζ뿪Ȼùⲻȥ˼ôһ˵Ҳİõؽˡ
άһۣٿһ˿յɫʵдֵ㣬˳ͷĶΪҲԭġ
ά̾˿Щ˸еصֵܣ޲ɢ֮ϯϸҰҪȥϷȥˣһȥʲôʱٻͲ˵ˣߺֵٺúþ۾ۡ
ҶСһֱ׺䶥Դʶά֪ԭǰȵľʵ֪Ѽʵǲ̵̨Ķ֪ɵòӲǸӹ֬׷ۣȻάȻҪˡ
Ӳʶǰһپ⣬ǳԺԼһλԶʤڽַھӼϱĿӣѾʶ˲һ磬ȴҪʧȥԵʹࡣ
ҶСæϴ磬ôȻҪȥϷˣ
ά̾ӽ⣬ûɽа⣬ʵǿλҸ˭ȥˣͷһʼǱҸľͬŻҵӣѾˣ룬Ϸȥԡ
ҶСᣬֲӲ˼ңֻص׼ȥʲôط𣿡
ά׼ȥݣͭʸһλԶܣҲġأǮеģھг޽ֻɽգȥǶ޲·
ͭʣ
ҶСĶͷͻػȻ˵ôأˣǶͭ١
άܣԶô
ҶС׶ܣֵܣһģһġ
άЩɵصɣܡǽİ䣬Ҿ㲻ٲִҵҲ֮ſɿƿɣô٣
ҶС٣жǲհģǶһĸͬ죬ͬҪֻ࣬Ҳû뵽ȥһţôһ·ǸգȻ˹١ǲٵģҼյӴļ飬˵ڵĹٶʵСǸˣƹ٣
άĿɿڴβŹֽеƹ٣ǹٿǲС˵͵ܣԼֵ˴٣㻹䣿ôͶȥ
ҶСҡͷЦҺ͵Ҳ£һʼأǵûʸ٣ȥˣ˲ܵĵϸǾͶǰ̴˵ٶԽԽ󣬻˵ȥҲưãʲôӰ죬ҵҲģ
ά
ҶСҼҵѶھǣȥ˹ݣ·ԶһȥҲܻﲻ̫ð˵˵ֵطǱ߻Ĳë֮أ˵ǵطŻûһɣǶٵҲǳнٺ϶û¶ٵģ˵ǹٶɣʵʵĺܣԾò⡣
ά̾Ц˭˵ģˣЩţ;˵һͼӴһ˵Щ֮ܵĻǲỹ˵ޱҰǳ˵Ұ˰ɣ
ҶСһ죬ڨڨص˵ȣ˵˭ҵĺӣСĿţСı͵ȥͻ˳ԡ
άҡͷϸ⣬ϵرĵߣʶϵЩͭʣʮǰҲȥģ𾩳ȻԶԶ磬ͨҲҪѷɫһЩǱطݸʵҲ١
Ҫ˵Ҳǵֱˬ㣬ͻŹ֮ȷʵһЩһƹ٣˭㣿˵Ǹðɣһ㣬˳츮öǽлһɣЦ
ҶС⶯ϴ˵ģȻŵùô˵ҸȰ˵ȥͶܣ
ά԰β䣬ͭʣҶĴү˭ţƹٵֵֵܣҲܲ㣬ʱǺεȷ⣿ҲҪȥͭʵģʱֵܹۣ˵һ⻹ҪֳʱЩɹɣڼǮ
ҶСȻȫδע⵽άŵ΢ЦǺεȵա


30 
СˣǾȻ˶ëѩѩԽԽ󣬱͵ʱ䣬ջһƬ·Ѿ˰ʱ֣ѩ׷·ƵģмԽԽ٣żļ㼣Ҳѩ
ΰػ¶ؿһëӭѩһڷĽǵ׾ٵؾͰһͷ֫ˣӡͷˮֵøɾ䡣嶼һοͷ
Ӻ̧ˮȥϴˣϺ˿ڳѽǵѪյİһ裬߳ӣӭѩһ߳ԺŶ
ϮݣͬʱԼﻹ̣Ҫ⣬첻ڴǲصġؽ˸ֻ࣬ǽմѩϡЩ䣬һͶӲˣ»
ΰվſһȣתԺվס۾ԶţͼڰããУسһƬӰɫЩ
ΰŲԼҵţһ򰲾ôʵ˺棬վסӡ
ЩߵúϺϸһ󣬲ŷЩ˾Ȼɨѩġľ£·ѩóɨ㲻ϵѩ
߽Կÿ·߾ͻվˣ˶ϵ磬賤ΰЩԾӽ£ö࣬Ϻͼһλظʡʱòƾųʿط䱸
ʡףǹǱ˾Աɨֵˣȴֲ˵ﶼھӣ˭ҵҶ˭ð̣ûа
Ҫǻף˭ӽ£ǴѧʿҲôףһ˽ӣʮӣų͹ˣҪ˵ɨֵŷĪ
һϺûȥˣվ¿ţƬ̹˫ͻ˺İѩ
ѭ춽ЩɨѩۣһϮƤãŽߺȣŵڿЩүӣٲǵĺôϽӻؼҹ
ϺۿŴó̵ľɨŻѩѽֵЩЦѩҲˣǷ㳵ӳ룬ϻѩɨʲôɨһѩˣⲻ˴ߵô
ţͼһŴʻӣǸͷʿӵǰоװеʿһ󳵻£һƬⱦϺţͼһ̽һ
ϺһŮ޶ķΣͷϣ㶼ƷҪ˵ԶζԵ٣Ҳ֪λôģһɫΣȴĵ׽ɷ
һϲէѩ֮УѸʶϺҲסˣεĹŮ˻ү˭ʸܣҵ죬Ī˭˻ף
Ϻɴһ˫ţۣޱ۵ţֱ׷λģǰйһӣϺһһӲ
θࡣСӣǷʲôƣǼľ۱ɣô͡Ҷҷˣ
ϺһʱҲû뵽ѾʧҶС죬ǰҶС쵱ҶСֻܳԾؿ
ϺҵԺǽͣסˣΪԱ߾ҶҡֱԺǰɨϣѾ˵һ칤ǮʮΰĴ󺺰ŵŶëѩվܡ
ͣ£һüĿ续СѾƿǸΡ˫ĹɵشӳԾûҪ˷СѾתȡһɫΪϣ˶ŤͷؽУС磬ۼң
С磿ҶС죿ԭҶС˾۱裡Ϻһų˺״㵵ؿҶСӳ߳
ûн̤ͼһ˫ϥأ˫ֳѩϹҶСȵһ̤ߵ˵ϣԱиʦүģ˴ȥһϮƤļϡ
ҶСϴƤۣĿһתϺЦŴкܴүþò

ϺҶСĻƵģϺɱ鿴εȿֲʬ壬Ӳ޴ȴҶСͷסˡ
ҶСȵسܴүȴ˫ϥ³ҶСдүĳ嶯ҶСЦ߹һסδϴѪȵĴֲڴ֣ܴүСţһؾˣ
㡭˰
ҶСЦǰܴү겻һ㶼ϡȲ˵˰СֶŻȥݼͷȥܴүҰ꣡
ΰеصͷรãúúãͷģͷģ
ҶСתáѩеС˶ȥΰŷ֣ҶСһϮƤǺɫģڵķɸոտǰ׵ġϺͻȻ׹˼ҴǴ˵еġ롱ţ
ƤƤ۱ͼֵˣϸǺƤеƷӲͬĽǶȿƤۿɫɫɫ֮䲻ϱãүһӣ͵öǮ
ۿҶСסС˶߽˺ܴͬүѣײײؾԺܣţţС죡
ܴһػλƵ󳦴Ӻ˳ɺصͷӣ˵ɶ
ܴүָԺͷ죬Ļ˵ˡ

ҶҵķӲ·ߣҪһЩ˼ҵԺǽһƳĹ߽ȥҶҡҶСҪǲ߾ҪǽڣƤĻͲˡҶСǰںҶСȵС֣һԺŶ̤Ժӡ
Ҷϵſڣߺһ˩Է
شӦһƬ̣Ҷɩ˳һϵķˣʱ˵ص϶ˣķˣͲܶ𣿡
ҶϵЩõسһۣϾǶϱĲ˵Ҷ϶óĶϱͿˣСҲˣ񵱳һ
Ҷϱ㲻صС꣬кöԣھͿСǵнˮԺɣ
Ҷɩһ˵ĺƵģ滨Ƶأһ㶼ѧã׬Ǯ֪ĸͷˡ˵ڹǱ˴٣ͶȥжãƫҪƼңʲô˼
Ҷϵѷصһ٣ŤͷĹĵػݣˡ
Ҷ̲סˣ˵ЩôСôʵĺӣ滨Ƶأ㵱жнˮһʲôƫǵģûꣿ
Ҷɩص䲻׬ǮСӵŶ󣬾ͻ쵽ͷˣǮСûǱ£ɲûǮıûУƫб죬ô˲ȻԼʲôãȴң
С˨ȻͲ󣬿̺¶ȴǼ಻ˣֻͷԼķͷԵСһţһ̧ͷͼԺŶһһˡ
Сһϳɤӽ̣ۼ
ҶϺҶɩŤͷһƣͼԺվӣмһ˫ˣеĻ壬ӺݣŮ¹ƤСѥѩƤãͷѾůף˫
ϱһӦС˴ˣĪǱүɶ˰ɣôһӾͷﵽֵزˣϸһһŵͷʱӿͷ
Ҷϲ촽ǰû˵ԺǸѾӭȥۺᣬ̡߲һڵأеТС죬


31 һ
ѩ׷һȵ죬ӣԺȻһͳһѩˡ
Ҷϵ̧ͷΪϽѽԺﻹվôˣⷿСôе£ôѩ
ҶСЦ£ⲻȥˣҵ˿ɲֻԺһ߻һٶأٴʮҲδе£һԻᰲŰ֮
Ҷϲˣ⼸֪꣬ж㣬ŸջͲڼסˣȻЩɡ
ҶСϽȣô˵ɲˣǶӲڼסʵ˿ڶ࣬㿴Ͷݣ硢ɩǰð֧ӣ㿴⽿εεĶϱһ̣
ҶСһ˵ݵʱˣߴصͷ˵ҶϿϡλһĶϱԽԽʱüЦ˵Ҳǣҵõס⺢ӶǲϵģôεεĶϱɰɰȥջסɲ̫ˣһ磬û
Ҷɩ˲ˮڵصݸҶС죬Ȳ裬ɶòҶɱ
ҶС˫ֽӱЦɩ˲ǣҿǴСӲĸ󣬹Ӽƶ㿴ôɣǲҶҳôԼһףʲô
ҶСôһ˵һ˶Ц
Ҷɩյ£Ľؿٱģѽ濡СģˡԺ󰡣Ǿúú׽׽
ݷɿҶСһۣɬصɩɱô˵˼ҡ˼ֻСңҸء
Ҷɩһʲô㡭
Ҷ϶ԶСӣ泤˰ôĹŮ㻹ֻ檣קģ˼һϱզģ
ҶС컹û˵ŵţСģ˼ҡ˼ĸԸС磬ʲôֶν˵СѾѡأݸ߹󣬶ģҪʮء
ҶĿɿڴ㻹ʮ⺢ӿɱڿң˵٣ܸһΣǾͺĺˡ
ݼģģţĸƭ㣬˼ıҿκööࡣ
ҶϵһţЩҶС죺ӰѾϱˣ
ҶСϽֻϲûأ¶Ȼþϡ
ҶϵڰֵҲǹ⺢ӣϢˣе棬ܰʲôʣǹŮ˭ҵĺӰĪǸʲôټҵĹҶң˼𣿿ɱ𡭡
ҶϵҲΪҶɩԭʵЩˡΪҾδؼ˼ң˼ҹŮƯίȫزȢŶһ˵СҪȢϱ߹󣬲
ҶС컹û˵һѭͿˣүӣģǶϱһأ磬رҶ˵Ļ˵ٺ٣أҶ˾һƹ٣Ҳ䲻˼ҵģҶˣڿ˾үǹˣ
Ҷ֪˾ǷԲܳԻãΪ൱ԱүԵʱˣ⻰ô˵ҼС͢˹ˣ
ҶСЦã˹١һֹ٣һָĹ١
Ҷϵ۷Ź⣬ھһ䣬νʶ㣬Ƕ˾ƺͬİĺܣæж󣿲֪ôɣ
ѭһƲ֪Ȳˣ
ҶϵģЦҾ˵أСٱ£ܴȥҪǱ֪үٻ󣬼ֱǲ񻰣
ݡ͡һЦˣϽסڣ鶯һûŽ͵ţ˵ıȲˣ˵֪үȲС硣
ôһ˵ҶɩסˣۼСô£ҶҶҪȮ죬֪εȿģȻĵҲЩԹԼûͣϲõĳɷݾӶࡣ
˿һСӱ֪үҶɩסˣܾҪһ̤ʵԲۣȵص֪ү
ҶС뿪ǵʱСֶӻ̫СڶѾȫӡͼ죬˩ֻĸ׻ЩӣЩϲؿ˵
˺Լһģһүү̺˵λ壬Щ׽ټλִôóԵġƯ͸ϲˣֻҶСþӸλȻɣȻԼǰûаڼӵ˼ЩϰȻȻģСֱǿңЩη
̲סʵ塭常㾿ǶĹٶȰ˸Ѳ𣿡
ҶСְﱾûУֻϷгֹİ˸ѲҲ˳ʧЦǵЦĶȵˣ˼ҿзղء
ѭСһ常ǱȰ˸ѲҪҾô˵ɣǵ׸үϵ׵ЩүȲ常
һҶϵҶϣҶɩȫˡҶϵګګصɣɱңǼС죬ôܵôĹٶܡܰ
ҶСЦŰ֣Ҫǫѷ䣬ѭŵүӣ֪Ҫ˵أ׸ȷϹأأҶǱȲˡҪ˵Щүǣ׹ݣʵ֮أҶҲȷǱȲˣΪʲô˵Ҷ˱ǶҪأ
ѭ˵𣬰ѰʰЩҶ˹ܵ˲׸ѧʿࡢܵĵ̲׸ѧʿ󣬿Ҷ˵˾ǾϮ棬ӡӴУǧأѧʿȵˣ
˵үͷз񣬿ܵԼסĳǳض̤һΨֱ˵ı֮⡣طϵĴǶҲǾԶ֮ҪֻԼүжȨ
ҶˣһϮ棬֮ڣǾ޷ΪΪҪҪЩүôԵС÷˵Ƕ˾үǻʵ۶Ȩ˵ү
ѭѹɤŵûˣо治ĻǶ˾үǣһǴǧ˼ңԶ˾Ǻʱġ˰ɣʵۿԻˣ¿Իˣ˾˼ңǧҲѵһȵʵɽҪȵأ
ѭ˵ҶϵҶѾſڽ࣬һ仰˵ˡҶɩ۵ԼСӣͬԶԡԴӼ޵ҶңһֱίԼǳôãӶˣҲֻ
ڣȻԼǰҲ֪˶ٸܼ޵ҶҡȻҶСǸԼһģһףҲź˼б£վԼСӣȲԼˡ˼粻ֲᣬɶûУһϰҲ֪άȥСټĳϢվһϲ¡


32 Ϊ
ҶСصԼڣվסŲպͲӣʵûдӡ֬һŮ㣬ӿߡϸһȷûС
ף˭ôڿ죬ѩɨˣѹɡҶСţַ·ÿ岽վһˣ°ɽ˺һѩȴһһ
ҶСӣСǰߣԽԽǺ£ߵԼǰʱ·һ˰˸ĸߴΰʿ£⺷ͣŵˡ
ʵЩʿͿˣһģԼһģһ֪˾˵ֳֻҶСʶǣǰóȻʱɲǰԼļҶһˣЩЦ
һǰ񣬶˵һԱԺȻ̽һŹͷܴүҶС˸߲ҵСС˰
ҶСһܴүϽܹȥصܴүҼҡҼǳʲô
ΰ£ܻˣ֪Сڿǻͷ磡Ӵ٣Ҷݲ㿴Щȫܵ£Աô೵ûСģȫҵĶҶӿɶ
ֵܻˣҶСϲϽܴүүǻͷģȻȥֵܣ
ҶСϲòسԼҵĺͬڣȻ֪Щ׳ĿЩ˵ʿǶܵ£ǵ˺ͬڻЩ£ҶСǿصͷһ̶˽ȥ

˸ϣӵŲ˹Ľ˿̺ںС¯ԣˮһֻ໨Сƺ΢΢һ㣬Һ£ǰУ¾ƺǰһơ
Ƿƨϵ첮ĸϽһУڵصлү;ƣ
첮ССһڣ۾ؿˡ
˹صղţҶСѾؾˣ
첮һȻɣɶ¯к̿һЦ½簡Ҷûɡ磡
һֱԼڲȱֻ壬ʵδע⵽˵仰ʱֺּޣʵĲȱѾٵӰ쵽
ĳ׻ʹѾܲԼأ⿪ʼɳڡ⻬Ӱ𪣬ͬʱҲʼȻ仯ɶӨӨΪԼ飬ʵӨӨѾ˵ʲô˵УҲֻΪʶִ
ҶС죬ɲȶҶС±Ƶҫޣʱǵһٻһ׷֮ģϲúУڸıš
˿΢΢̧˫ۣض첮ģ˵ǸôԸ
첮Ŭ룬˫һʵ񲿣ʶѣ
صô
첮ĵ˾Ҫ죬ȥµѵˣͿԳûЩֽţأǰʧǡ
ɲͷذ˰֣Сǰʧǣѵʵۻɱ٣˲ʥĲãҲءο˷Ҫ뷷˾֮λڵطϵȶССʧǣôϡ
⡭
⣬Ͳ˵ˣ
첮ľһ£̲סһۣĵλүһҶС죡
ɱҶС죬Ϻ⣬첮룬£ĹոǿĲ
ţ
Żɱһ˰ˣ
̾˿Ƥ̵صȥɣȥɨĵȥɣ
첮Ļˣæ˺ιʲϲ
ŭҲ˵ҶСأл֣һ⽮ҪǧأΪ͢ģһˣӽҪǳķ粨¶һ˿˳һл£Ҫ
첮ĲŶͷ亹Цǣū룬롭
첮Ĵã̧ͷ¶һܵĺЦݣˣһƣֻҶСҿųնһ

ά·ҶС֣ǳԼס
άʵһˣǲӦ¡գӦͼø߿ƹƽ̵ļƻʧܣʹҶС⡣
ֻǵʱָ֧ߵλͼ̫ԣҶСչϺͰУӦ̫ĽӴ
ңңҶСߣֻһа壬㽫ŮҶС죬ƾѪԵϵҲͨңңղҶСĻ
ʱӦͿʼ̽ҶСĵϸˣܿͱ鵽ҶСǾϣиֳ
ӦıϣֱӿҶСΪõģǴҶСһȻԲн⣬Ӧ뵽һ÷ҽҽĹؼҶС
ӦҶС컹Ҫ£ҶСܹΪãǾһԱɽɽҶСսµһԱȷ棡
ҶС첻ΪãǾҪʹñ÷֪ظɵҶС죬ҶСȡ֮Ҫһ㣬ҪҶСοУάӽҶС£ջִеľˡ
άΪ˽ӽҶСʵ˷ҵһټףǳȥ¸䣬ԼǮǻ˼Ȼֵôһĳĺݡ
ֹͨϵάʶҶСܿѡҶСû뵽ӦͼıԶȻ粼־ǣҶСͬû뵽άǰ˺εȻġ
άԼļңй˵˼䣬άȻһϾٲ鷿ȥ
鷿棬һƤ¯ԿŻ죬ֻƤһۣδ
άϲ߹ȥ磬ˣǱʲôԸ𣿡
Ͽλİ֣ͬӦĸǡǵߵ°ôˣ
άһˣСӣǾɫմѾҿסˡ
ǺǺһЦصɵĺãҶСѾؾˣСӣɽһɽӲ񫣬˳ɽϮ˾⣬汻õˡ
ģСӻ˼ѹάĽһ䣬ֵˣǲϰɵҶСȡ
ǵصҶСɽΪӪôʱ󵨣ýʱֻɽһǻҶСûбֵܽ£
ά룬ҡͷˡûǸ¡
ֵ粻ܳɽʧȥƣֻصɽˣʲôôһҶСͭʶšһһ˻ֱִ߶ùԹ˳֣ͭȱ£ҶСвУܷάֲž棿
ά룬Ϊѵҡҡͷ
ǵ⣬ҶСڹȻǾɫʲôմѾôΪԼҸıô
άԥǵѽ̫çײȻҲܱ֤ھͲͼذֵʱҶС˼٣ֹϾͲҶСװģҶС߶Щʱ䣬úõشĦѧϰһ£һص㣬ֵ֮ĸ飬ҶСҶС컳ģֱɱҲգۣ
ά΢ЦףǴʱ䣬ҶСɽʱҶСȫ̽չΪã
ǵҽʮָɣ˫üѹߣΪѣ


33 ױɷ
ҶСֱʱֲ뿪Ӻͬճڵ磬뿪ʱʱϲ̫һƬ˵ѣųӳҡУǳ浱׳ۡ𺳡
нѲǣԶŵĳ棬ֻλصУ˵δᦣҲδϱǺηϣʱδȴҲǰסѯûȤһ·ص˿ջ
һֱûҶ¶棬æΪҶС찲ȥˣ˾ҶҼһߵջȥ񲿵ȷǰʱ䣬һа׵ҶСһøϵ
ˣӽ£᲻̫ˣѭҶСȨλƳ磬ҶСҡջҹѲǣҲЩ
ҶС΢΢һЦΪΪһ⽮ҽ˾Ͼֻ̽ķӣֻͶˣһһҪǰġ
ѭһǲǸӦá
ҶСҡҡͷģǻϣء
ζѭļ򣬱ݵСſ¥ȥһ·ȥݵ塢嶣ͣǱȱ

ҶСߺҶ˾͵£Ϳʼһеۡ
ҶС˳صһֱ϶Ĳ⣬ֻúĻ㰲ģ˰ɣ϶ͭʣǿһʵء
ͷԵ˩̲ס㻹˵ҶǶɽˮſڶҪС𣿡
ҶС۵ȥȥȥСƨӶʲô
ҶСѰϵߴ˴գ϶ôϢˣǸﲻȥνһ˵õȮ˵ˣ϶ڿ˾үԼĽɽţԼˣùȥţ˭ұ֤˲⣬ֵܣӱ
С˵أͱԥˣǾ͸ȥͭʰɣ
۷Ź⣬ӺһŹҶɩػ߹ȵضҶϵ˵ֵɷһۣʲô϶϶ģ׵ܵܲ٣׵ܵܣ˼Ҳ˾үҪأ
ҶͷСȻǲʲôģ⺢Ӵ֪ۼˡ˹˾͵ðάš˭Ҫ˻ʵֵۣҲùг񣬾Ϊ˸أ԰ԺԼûϵһڣֵ˵ҲעЩ
ҶСΨΨǣȲصǡǸܻͭţ
ҶϿҶϵҵģ㿴
ǰһ˶ЩԥģҶϵĶʵûôãֻΪü˷ģҶС˱ҥԣΪͭƧë֮أҶɩö﾿Σ᲻̫ԶҲͬ⡣
һһ˲ųٳδҶС磬ʲô˵ģҶϵ룬صһͷ˵ҲֹһˣŻָȻˣǾȥͭҲá
Ҷϵ̧ͷԶϱЩҺõͺСȥһˣ˵˵һ˵˼
ҶɩһϲϲشӦ
Ҷϵ΢ЦһʢĻȻҶңڱӳͷСţͶһȥϸأǸ㣡

˾ϣ߽˸ʱɫѾȫˡһǰŵ½˻
һϮ°ɫĵۣ̳ɵ٣ϥϣ˻ȻԱվδҷһ
Ĺټź͹ݼʵǶģͬһ£໥֮źеϵͬʱ˫ҲһЩŶԷıλ¾ɱġ
һλ˲ѧʿѡ¾͸ͱƵģϻ⵽Ĺļ幥ֱֻǰһССƷ£ҲͷΪ˺͹ݼֽˡ
ͬΪȵߣȻ˴˵ӪͬҲҪͬ죬ֻҪԼĵޣ״󶯸ɸꡣ
ãɳһ۾һ¹һԣ¶ɫЬ΢ЦҪ⣬Լ
ЦԹӦأ
ֱɴһ֣һˣ²׶϶˶£һ˼٣¹ٲҵһþʹҴҸˣȴ֪˿ʲôԸ
ɲŲ豭һڣգͭʸƹҶСǰ㲿ѧϰ֪֮£
ΪϽ˾е˾£ܵľǱ񼰽ӴȻ֪£صİ͵ϵġЩ۵ص¹֪λҶƹ٣վҪܷΪ˾ʵĽ
ɺǺЦҶС츣ȴдˣǻٵġ
лɫһ΢΢˵˼ǡ
ɫһ䣬ϣ
¾˴ʲôǳ͢٣ҪΪһķ⽮
˵һͱĿѹסˡ
ɵֻҪﱾ˰ɴ£һ̫ǰԣһԱɿ϶ܲ˵ģǸһҲδؾͲԡ㰾Ҫȥʮ껹Ƕʮꣿ
пɫصɡ¹޸֮ʵɱţ
ɹһЦ˭ҪɱˣֻҪ׽ҶС죬ѣ
һֵص˵˼ǣ
֣æչȥɶ˽һļĳص򵥰ɣֻССһٷܶʮ꣬ѵֵã
ĿƮƨɣǲϴ𻰣ɫһ䣬ֵǹݣø񣬵ҪһСС£׵ģǡ㱾Ǳ˱ٵģ
Σڸףص¹֪ˣչ˷Ըˣ
Ц

һ۵޹С̫´ۡĻͥڣһľĹҡѩɨǽߣͥԺм÷ڵƹֳĺɫ
޹Ҵߵ£С̫ŵ̫˵䣬㹪£ŵС̫޹صˣϵʱˣū
޹ĽָʹӽС̫Ȼ֡޹С̫˹ǣתһңͼĻʹ̴һƱ۵ʵ¡
ĵȨʱĻϲѵȻ޴ˣѾЩϴ۹ش߼һ֮С
£ø߸ߵ£̾˿̧ͷ޹ǰ񣺡޹ߵ£
ذ˰֣վŵҶС쵽ˣ
޹ϽǣͨݣͿʼ˶ҶС졭
޹ҶСһ·ҡ¶ʵϸ˵һ飬ķҵȫЦˣʱ¶̿ı顣ȵ޹˵գƲƲǣ¶һ˿мģ㿴־Σ
޹ЦЦӣӣ
Ѿټˣ˵޹˵ͬʱ޹Ҳô˵ʵ۲ǺǵЦҪЩôȻԸֻҪЩӾͺá
룬Цȥѧѧذɣպݣʡþǰʧǣͳ
޹æּ
ʵ۷˷ӣ߿ȥһ֣ӰȻʧֻĸнԶЦûʶƥ򡭡˳ƣѰסһϸ׵Ļĺٸĺĥ޵׽е·򣺺ƺ


34 
ҶСһȥʱֲȥ񲿡
ʵҶС쵱ڽͬݴʹʱҲԴٳǶ񲹹һ¶ֻܼŶδùҪʱٶȿɲ죬ӵʱɲȥ룬˵ϰһбҪġ
¾Ҷƹ٣ѽѽ˾ϣһҶС洺ӭѭ͵ЦʲôھǺô
زɫز˲Ľż⣬û˵
ҶСʮ⣬ΡӴĹٶɲһǿ֪ٶİطһλȨһĴԱ˾ţһƷСҲЦ˺ǳҲ¶ŭɫû뵽λ¾˿
ҶСǸ¿Ƣ㾴֣һһɣҲҾһͷ¿ӡ˼ҿҲһЦģӭϣ¹ټ´ˣ
λƷ٣ʹ֪ͬһҶСڻƹݣƷ٣ҪмҶСȥͱ²ˣЦ
ҶˣҪһ֮뿪ǣ꣬ϾҪΪһ˾Ǿһѽ֮ݽ߻Ҫۣ
˵ţȵסҶСֱۣȥ˾㲻õģ֮˵Ҳѣ˵Ҳѣĳ㽲һ£Լϰܴˡ
ҶСǣմˡˣ֪ɣɻִţ
¾ȵصôҶϵִˣ
ҶС΢΢һЦصصȣжɣ
Ȼ𾴣æԭˣ˿ȥݻִˣ
ҶС칰ֵ֣
ؿЦݿصߣȥ
һ·˵Цº޾ټӣʮɵǩѺѾʮˡҶСԺ򣬱ǰŷСͯ˼䣬СͯؿҶС죬תݡ
ҶС첢ʱҪɣꡣԵ˺٣ݵֺŵĴ˾ڳʵйϵҲδжУһݺٲ˵ġ
ҪСݹϵؼʱ̾á˵ҺˮμڳףɹģĶ̣˫ڳжйϵЩʵ۶Уվһλ󳼣赭д˵һ䣺Ǹõ⺷ڶŹˣѰ¶Լ˾ϣĻ£αعһһһСľء»СС»ˡ
ҶСҲԼڳеĹϵҪ˵ڻ֮磬ֻҪЩøУʵʱΪ˵ûһõĿʼ
ھǱ·ΨһʶľɣͲڲʮ꣬иһĻᣬֵýиͶʡԣѧѧ֮ΣҪ֮Ǹɴߡ
С˲һʹҴҳˣ̬֮ſࣺҼҶˣҶС¹ڣµͷС߽ȥ
վڰӺīҶСһת磬ɾ͸±ʣ΢Ц̧ͷټһֽʵϱߵīҲޣɸͲд鷨ҪӭҶС졣
Ʒײʵ̫ԶҪ˵ӭӭ˵ЩݶҪ۵ʵȨλΪ˾ƹٴ˿ҲҪۺֵģɷѿĵѡַʽȲԽݣܶҶСʾ
ҶСרŹѺ̰ģЩŵȻĿֽһ䣬Ҳɵ˼
ҶСǰݵֻĶ죬ѾӰƹǰߵģһ˫ñɼס񣬹ƹ٣Һһ𣬺Ҳû೤ʱѽ벻㲽˳ˣҿò˼꣬Ҫΰ
ɿЦҶС죬ɣ
ɻҶС£Цһ¹ٶԴлؾ˴ˣʵڻϲ
ĻǼٻ˻Ǹ˵ģҵڣҲҪγԼϵҶС첻ɣҶСҲǽˣɽύһΪԮҶС׽֮⣬Ҳܸˡ
վ£ź¡˽˵ȷʵأõĻرȴǳΪ˾Уգֵð
Ҫ˾Ʒ٣ƷֻǾǣһ¶ÿһȱ㲻ǰж˶ţ˶к̨бȥģ
˵ֻȨʹɴͬˣϱ߾ɣֻҪվǸλãʸԼİףֻѡĳλسͶسҲһĹԱɫ𣬰֪ܳΪɡ飿
ӽҶС죬Լ
ɽµ۾΢΢Ŀ¡

ǩѺڣ
˼ʽ飬ЩЩҲõ㵽ΪֹŲߣûû˵ģǾЧˣҶСһȤĻɹЦĵڶûɴ˹æ¹پͲˣ͸ǡ
Цصãȥɣ
ҶС칰ߣֻ߳վס·ʲôһĶͷ׳꣬Ӧöౣѽ¹жˣϾ棬塣
ҶС˵ŴһԺңһ̣طöĽ֮һԺҳɫӨ͸Լˣ䲻ֵ̫ǮȴҲǸϡЦؽӹ
ǶԺĳ߹ǣ֮񣬹Ȼϵ棬ҶСɹһ֣Ÿˡ
źһص£ĿһȻЩԣæǶԺҴս˿ʱһĺңĺ̶ɰ
ԵʯҺ죬ֵǣԺҺֹǹҺ죬ڣ֬ϸ֮ԹʯɫԺΪϵȣƷõĺ١
һҡ
ɵ˵ǶԺңѸٹļֵڴٹƼǣɹԺĺլһͬʱͯˣھǧĶ
ɶʱһλδ˾ү߯Ҳˣ뵽ղҶСźҾȻ죬˵ӲвףҲǵ̼·Ȼĺ桭
߬ԺңСĲתһ£Ҫǵϣֻһһ绨񡢰ǧĶŮɲӰ۰
ɸϽϷһֻӣǺﱾʢһ⣬һ߬źңһִֻϻӣߵ̨һǷϳֽһԺҹʵʵϻӣظ
ҶС죬ˡ
ɸϻǣ΢΢Ц


35 
ҶС죬ѧϰʱǺӦõľʵҲȫϰÿֻһʱѧϰʱ֧䡣
ҲˣҶС£׷ѡݻھǱزٵģǮҲǱزٵġǹ˵һϰˣһס꣬ص˴ô
ǿĻĺ٣ҲֻǴӣǶš½硱ͷѿԼҶСȷǶˣⷽȻǲģҶСͳɢͯӣ
񲿵ѧϰʵҲףΪҪ̸Ĳֻ֮ΪأʵҪȺҶС½ĵط˾ĲɽС鸽壬ϯǱȻ¡
Ծٷ뷷⡢μӹ硢͢سӦʲôڡ̸¡ƺ¶޾ϸϤĽ̵ҶСԹἫ졣
ҶСҪھǾӪӽҲ˹ϵеѡ
άһֱûҶңʱҲûãҶСֻҪڼңʹŴС׷ѣڼ仹͸סֳһȥɨأйд
άˣҶСæҶСܣǴĺѣά֣ھǣΪһչˣ
ҶС쿴άֵ֣δ߾Ͱ
ҶСµص֡Ǹ̼֣ü󣡡
ҶСҲ֪ԼֵǴˣ̼Ǽҵ˵ָ̼ɵйͿԳۡϱλ̫涨µĵȼƶƣάȻûﵽһΣֶһ˱ӣδάѿ˵¡
ҶСȻֳ⣬һ⸱ģ֪ڵʲôðЦ绹ǰλ˼õѣ򲻻ᵣҸӿˡ
ҶС쵱ȻԼΪѣضάлֶԼֵϣ
άѾҶС˵ԼֵܵݣʱάҲͰ̼ģϻ̳ϿֵضҶСƹү˾үˣˣҺСҺ͡С˺͹󸮴үͶǲǣɹ󸮴ү̧
ά״ε˵ŻӲرһŵĺҶС첻ݸ㲻Ҫţһƶһ˼Ǵֳֻ̼֣һ䣬㣬ûҶҽҷѵĵ
άЦǣ˵ǡ
ҶСҾҪݣʵ޷д֣ʧĺܡҴӹл֣
ά֣Ӵɲҵɲҵææ
ҶС͸ĸ˵һάشкųţǰȺҶСǳʹȥ
ҶСֵˣάԺСԹֵܽҪݣҲǸ˵ôôæʱô
άڨЦⲻ˵ֵ˴٣ţô֮󣬻ǵ죬ʵò׼ˡûû£ݷþǡˣ£Ҫڳȥתת
ҶСλλδıһ棬˵Ҳ곽ʱģæãǳȥߣ
֪ӶλϴûкҲкά˳ȥά͵͵һۣȻ˵ˣۿܣ㳤һģһȴôĹ٣Щء
ҶСЦ˵㣬ҲأÿҶ¡
άʲô
ҶСҶܻ˾үһ£
άҲЦôܣҶңķˣԺҪ͵㰡
ҶСӦõģӦõģֻһСС䣬ϴûңҶҷˣҲϴ磬ģȥͭ¶ϣҶչ㣬һվסţ
άлЦصҪǲϰҲûϵ͵ͳˡλ˾үһģһҪܰæʱֻҪ㻻·һˣ˭ϵó
ҶСεʱһͷһ٣ΪץüʱۻûѣͽηڰѹٷϽ֮ǰǼϮٷ˴θ񫣬ʱά˵ȤԾԾ
ά㵽Ϊֹδ˵շڻʱӣҪһſȥȻһطѿ

ҶСǰʹʱ򲢲ţһ۹ɸϵ̸ڵعͬɵģκһⶼһ⣬Ϊͳ߶ҪΪ˴Խ
ԣĴ˷УȻض顣˵ʵδӼ˵п˼ͨĸ߳ϡ
Ҵ˴λؾ籩ҡ԰ڣԵôֱɲλ͢Աˣʵ˳ۣԹǸͰѵѩƬƵĵݽȥˡ
Ϊ٣һ˾үȴ͢ĬΪ˾ǻʵۺʹĿкϸ˾һϮġʵһԼϽڰյ˾֪񡢲ѧǣǾǻʵۺʹּġ
ԣⷬհֱɵıָ֣ڻʵۺڸԱм˷֣а˳ɰտԻ뷷⡣ȻˣϵǰΡ׳ۡ·ϹڵĻʹȺʱҶС컹鲻Խӿ죬
ھǳ󣬵ʹʲôͷһؼҶС˳ݣǰȥкܹһƬ㳡Ѿ߶ˡ
ͷ˿ļҵͣϱ߶͸ӵ˹ʳľ¹㡢ţƹϣຣķȵȡ
ҶСŤͷأֻرҪվǶɫͺ죬Ž̻Ի͵ĹȺ۷ֱ
ۿ׶ĿȾ߸ϻͥĻʹȻǰĵγɵѹɲ׾ġҲÿճ빬빬ݵĴͶԻʹ߲֡޸оɵһμˣ˭𺳡
ҶС쳤˿ؼһģؽָƽŵ󲽣ǰȥ
ﱻ̫ǽˣغ˹⣬ֻҶСһ˱һС̫Ž˻ʹعڣŻҶСѾߵżС̫һǰͣ¡
鷿ʵճµڣҶСһȾһʱվýźʹҶС첻ʱı任ҽŵģԼĲʣ͵·С̫ſڵȴǹ·ʯ̵һ㣬һʱȻһû
ҶС˲ɰԸпʲô¶İڹūţҲܵı¡
ڣֺһӺڳһ̫࣬һɨһͭʸƹҶСݣ
ҶСʱһ񣬶ʮİݶݹˣܸܲ룬ͿһˣҲ


36 Ҫϴ
Щؿ߽ˣ˵൱ЩüĿͼ߽ãĿһƷƹٷԱһ㶡
󵨣ֱӾϣһ̫ͳһƹγѣᡰһϽ۹򵹣һףƨɷǶˡ
ŤͷԼİ鵱̫࣬һ죬鵱̫ҲһĪҶСǸС̫ŵҶСߴ˴գ˵ߵͷ𲻶
ҶСȻ򣬼æݣͦӣͭʸƹҶСݣ
ߵʱûУ峯ʱڣʱ߼ԱʵֻҾѡһĹԱʵҲֻݻİݣǻʵ۳ϯҪϣʱŻЩҪߵͷ
ң֮ǰʵԱݣȻҶСǸɾʵ۱Ҳ˵ֱŻʵ˵Ūšˡ
ԣԣȳ񣡡ԱС̫Ѿͷ󺹣鵱̫̲ס͡һЦ˳ʵҲЩ̿ǳ˳飬Цˣƽɣ
ǣлϣ
ҶСظشӵü۵سϽͣʵǼڵģֻǳһΰݼӣЩʧ룬ˡĪ⣬Сսս
ҶС֮ǰʧǣʵҲˣСͷһؼʵۣŵģҲЩСС٣δҶСȻҳƵĸͣЩЦˡ
ʱҶС˾ƨʵҲ̲סЦͷƨĸֺܻܶ࣬쵽̫Ǹ֣˼ĵǲŽвźۼ̩ƫƫоڷӭ㣬ҶСֶʵ̫׾ЩʵҲ޷ʵۼˡ
̻Ի͵ĻʹڳУ·Ϲڣ׾еʵ˵͢Ȼ׳ԻͣȴǷȱȻķɣԵƽ档ʹ֮ϿķޣҲȱʻѪҺԵøɿݵ
׳鱾ǿмõĵζƷ͢Ůִ಻Ϻ⡣Ůͺѡ񲢲Ҫı׼ͨԱܱʡݣҪǳƽ񣬼ףнò롢ް̺ۡ
ڿͳһı׼ʹûʹŮˣ·һģ̳ģɫŮҲǺһǰ˵Ҳ˵Ҳ󡢹ؾͬľżòµŮˣʵ۵ļҲĥˡ
УȤ¶ʵڲ࣬˿ϷʱҵһЩ֣ʱе㱿׾ƫŪСҶС죬ҲǸṩһȤ
ʵմãЦطԸ
鵱̫ЩȣҶСƷûоǰٵģ϶˾ӡ鵱̫һţһԸ˰˰ѽչҶС˸ơӵļȮӿˣȻҲʾԼ⡣
ҶС찵˿֪ҪĵһԼװŪɵѾͨˡ̧ͷֱ㶵ؿʵδĴλӣŬԼϷʱʵһۡ
λӴһɫıۣͷȻ΢֣ȴҲ͸һƮݵζҶСֻǷɿһƳջĿ⣬㱾٣ԵλõɽҰƳأǺ氡
ҶС쵹ģݵصɽɽаնֲʵʵҥԶھǡӴڵǷ˽ǾͿ֪ˡ
ǰǾڵ۹ģʶطİҪ㷺ö࣬ǴпȴƫƧ޷ĵطôǸİɽ˽أ
һҶСȻԷķӣӭʥػͼӴ׵رһʵУЩɽе籾ͺһԴı֮࣬£ڴӣȴ
ʵµ˰Σֵݵط˾ǷֱݵΪɽаճɽƱҪյзָݵط˾Ըô
ҶСЩصΪ֮£Ī֮Īҹ֮أ⣿ֻǭɽ·գβ㣬ί֮ڵطⲢǭرɶ϶УӹϽ
⻰ʥĴãҶС첻ǴӾ߳ȥţ򣬾ǱȵطЩǧ˾Ǹ߰Ϊ˾ǾǸЩ˾Ⱥӽһʺ£

⻰ƯȻȴûʲôã
ʵϣǿط˾˵ģ۹һֱ岻֣вʹķԸ˾ǻʵӣֻҪ𼰵ǵĸһַѳ͢հͬʱһƨ޷ִȥ
ҶСֻ˵ЩûʵƯʵȻϲҲÿǿð̵˼һûб¼ԦĲ䣬Ⱥ۲֮¸ˡ
Ϊ˾ֻ۹ңǻʵۻԸά״ҺҶСȻһ֮Ͼʵʡ
£ɽвɽʱҲɽⲿйףɽ˾ҲǲһЩ˾޳ɽɽвġɽعϡಿռ˴أҲҰݷ賤٣óһɽҲۡЩ˾Ȼͬ⣬ɽ⺷һ˾֧֣Ҳ޿κΡ֮аգ
ⷬһⶼûУϸϸȴȫ⡣ɽвɽʱɽⲿйף׾жɽ˾һ仰Ǵ
ɽ˾治ͳһɽвһЩ˾£дѵռ䡣аղͷŵľӳȤʲôǶأ
Ե˿ǻʵۣĳŵȻ˵ʵ۸͢鷳ֻ鷳ͭһһأôӴɹӣλȻҲּɵġ
ҶСչ¶Լֱɵһ棬¶˽һ棬ϾҲʵ۲ϣҰĲҲϣ޴ܣʲôֵʵ۵ķֻۣھﵱ֣ϿˣŪҪİ
Ŷʵ۾׽ⷬԽǻζԽζʵû˵ҶСҲٶԣֻǵͷԼĽż⣬·ڽשѰϡ
ãҶС΢΢һЦ˴꣬޲ŻϳأļҾھɣھǹɡϣ޿Ϸ
ϼҹֻ꣬ǿϷұ빬ϷĳӣǾĪĹ٣˹ϵ壬ֻ̨վ㿴һȥһ˵Ҳ۱
֪㵱ʱǸʲôܱʵٽȥͬϷ˵㣬֤ڵĵλ̩ɽһռ䣬ڵ
ǻʵյ˼٣ÿ갲Щ˽̼ݣɻʵߵŴ̫ǰţ㿴޵ģÿ괺ڣٶʹֻܽʼ԰¶һС
μӻҡţһƱ£ҶСȻ˳õһţ


37 ˢ
ۿʹɩССĳæתҶС̲סʮôͷʲôⶼˣ˵ʮͷ𣿡
ȥȥȥȥ㶮ʲôǼҶʮͷ̫٣ⲻˣۼҲԣˣòϣָҶ棬һ߽һ߰ҶС˳
ʮģɨӡʮ壬ʮͷףҼһҶҽ֣ƽʱСѣɵڣҪǿտյģ˭ҲܣԽԽá
˩ݵܣڴﴧŶǣʱʱҪȥ͵͵ץһǣʵ˶ֻװûѣΪóѵ˩̵ܿˡ
ϰռҹ꣬ϼҲꡣʵƽʱǷֲ͡ޣԵĹ¼ҹˣѹֵʵ۵ĶҪƹµѣʮ͵úͺһˡ
ջʵҪ̳ҪӼٹٳأҪμӸϲƣϻúͻӻһš
ʵԼĺܣһҲûУӻŮмҲ꣬Ҫǵĸ׺ŹǵĻʵ۸һò͡
ȵϵҶС˳ɽѣܵŲμӴˡǰţҶү԰ڡ
ôϢ˵ĸˣóŰĻᣬʮûϵԶ׾һߣΪ˼һˣһôôĹ٣϶ˣ
ҶСϵ⣬־ȻѾϵˣĸ⡣ʵϿϷֻҪ󳼲аźõλ˶ǹʣλҲ̶
оĹٶŶӣϷΣΪ˿ʵ۽¶ĻЩҶСһƹ۷վھϵĴԱԵرۣ˭Ҳ֪ôСһٶôҲˡ
ȺЩĿͨģĶԱ˽˵һݱܿ촫ˡסݡԱţҶС춼УֳΨһһС˾ү
һѶ첻ȥֻܹһվšʵѾˣδְԼӪ֮ĹϵһЩãûҪ˲֪
ȵʱˣ̫ϳڹԱ빬ǵ˻ʼϷ԰λãͼҲʣƻ磬ǰһϷ̨ӣʱϻûҶ˽졣
ҶСûʶˣԸСʱżʮС̫༱԰԰ϰҶǻʵۿ쵽ˡŻʵ۵λϡΧʵһһ̳
ʱݲ̡󺺽ӵŻʵ۵̨ǰķ衢ֽĴֽһͨæҡҶСƣֻ̨лʵȴûлʺб룺ۺ֮²г
ֳϣʵʵӦðѻʺڻ׹ݡѫǹϷ֣ʵ۶λʺȴûʲô顣ʺԭʵ۵ĸϹеһ
ʵʮ꣬һʱԣˣʱʮꡣʵֻʱһ⣬֮Ҳû
˭ĺܣô¶һ̥꣬ˡ˼½Ի̫󿴼ʳԵɡ̫ҲǹȻͬ飬뱧أϰѶ
һʼʣ̫ѡעһ飬ϱؼϹŮʱ͵ص㣬ʵ޷ˣűϣΪ
˼£ˣһֶӣǻʳӣ̫һ죬ĸµĻʺԷ޶˵ĸʵһ㣬⳼ǶԴҲţԼֻлʵ۳Ҳȡ
ʵһ㿪೪ϷˣҶС˶﷢ֻʵ²ؿϷû˼ŷԼ֮ǰҸоʵ̫ˡ
һ빬ʵ˺ӡַ׼Ϊμʵۻֳ̬ȣԾһ׼׼һ˵ǡ
˭ϵŷ֣ʵ۸ûϡλҲ̫ԶĿȥϣһٶְ֮߶ܰѹģҶС첻Ҫθʵһӡء
Ϊʵ۵ľ˸λþӺܽĶǻ׹ݣߵ죬żɨһҶС죬ա
ҶС첢δע⵽ҲڣȴǴһǾͿʼȻ֪ʥҲ֮ᡣԱߴչһֻ֣Ϊյıӻ΢΢ĿĿһźۼؽһɫ
첮ģѱ˵˾ࡣȻ˾ֻǸ̫˲ˮۣǣвѧһĸ̫ۣܷɻڴ
˾ӴӵĻҲ࣬˵һԺӵ⣬ͱźˡ˵ǸĻᣬͶ֮ң͵ñ֮οҶСҲ֮
ղɫ첮ıȻˡϷ̨ѽѽһʵĺܸˣһϷ֣꣬ͬλкβѧչʾһ£Ρ
ڴ󳼽ͷӶһҾ£۽ʢУ뵽˼ʫԸڡ
ʵȱȱذ˰֣ӦʫôˣʫֻӺĥ¶ҪҪˣЩźã֪λڸģչʾһΣ
ʵһʣ԰ôˣѻȸʵٴϾʱҲߺСϷпɣȴǴ֮áֻʫ黭ȷ֮óԵóó͢٣ѽѽصڳʹã
Լһ仰˵أȻû˽ӣЩҲסˡʱһλ׷ĹһԼ󣬱վϽͣ¹أ񣡡
ʵ۲Ȼŭһȵһɺԣʫʸ踳ھƣ͸Ϸںʲôͬ޵ĵ¾ǣţ
仰˵ˣĹҭһ㶡
ʵӱǻΪôһС¾ʹˣǳϷ¶һβʹļ䣬žͷ뱣λʱʵһκ˵ƣһС̫೪Ϸһ¡
С̫಻ᳪ˵ǿּž⣬ýһͷ˵Դ׼С飬ûž֪ģ¶ȻҲѸٴĶ䡣
СʵҪѧˣĶУθǿŴ׸Ͻ̫ǰһ̫׸ƴӵģСʵ۱ȥ죬µؼһŹء
žѾˣ뱣ȥϾʥ̫ҲվˣѾǵǸСʵˡֻýոŨһ㣬ԱǾȻϸߣʱһĻ
ѹֵҲǿңžѲǻЮô뵽ʵ۵ӶеˡݵЦ֣ͬǻˣô
һʵ۷ŭ˹ڴжЩȻҶСһƴϲ˰˷ؾΪȡϷ˾ְλһ˾֮λ֣ȥͿԴչˣ
ʱ򣬺˵һᴫʵ۶Уʱʵ۶Ĺ۸кûں̶ܴϾŻʵδȡ̬ȡѽֻʵۿϷʱ
ˣҪύҲܼһʱȰɸ㶨ͨɽύˣܽĹϵֺûʵ۵Ļᣬȴǿģʧʧѽ
˵Ĺ˻ġиãԴҪΪ˾һԱҪһ޺˾Ѿ˱ӶˣٶһӣǿҲס
ҶСϯǰѸٳеƽóձڴ󳼹꣬ԸһΣλһֺǣ


38 øЩ
˽ΧʵȻˣתһôе죬ֵǰ˵
ҶС쵽˽ǰͻȻ΢ЦǺǣǡ
ҶСһҾͭʸƹ٣ҶС죡
һҶƹ٣ȻᳪǾ̨ȥһζ
ҶС칪ּ
ҶСתƵ̨ѳۣضϷţţҰϣ
ǰΪ̨峪һҪױګګصλˣ㡭˭ȸС˵һ
ҶСһĶͷͿˣͿˣ˭˭ҳһأ
ҶСϷתȦͻȻһˣͰӸߣ
ǰװĶϷȻ֪˵һ²ҵ̰Ϸбµһ˶£ҶСٵ٣ĹϷװĻϷװְ˽Ŵ
ǰ߸һϷ˿һС̨ˣ²һҶС̨Щ֡΢һףߵİ鵱̫ϴչȥĵСҶСΪ³ĺءūʹȥˣں̨װءˣΪ˺Ͽģ¹򣡡
Ӱ鵱ģܲˣֻһĿϾ롣ô˵΢΢һЦҲ˼ĵصš
ֹƬ̨̣˴˸ƣˣ˼ˣ˸ƣͣϵſ̨ϸү˸ͷȥˣ֪ҶСҪ֪ҶСҪʲôк棬΢΢ӡ
ҶСһ˵ԸΪӳĹٱǱġмı飬ɴ˿ֵҶСҲסģۣͣ׷̨ȥƣǱǳҪ䶯
̨һ죬һϳ
ףҶС컹ϷӸϷһ񻣬ŮˣֳһλȻҶСˡ
װüȴŮص˵ģټϵۣͿ֬һһ
ֻ˼̨վһ˦һνĵףиʿ˵շﾱǸŮ˶ȣүŮƾҼֲɫ˵ʲôüˣҲúƫܻҲ̱ϧжҲǡ
ҵĸ񰡣
ҶСһڣȫԱݡ̫ࡢ񺮣쬵һƤ֪һˣƫƫü۷欣ǽʵҪ
˵λʹ۷Ź⣬ƵƵͷԵ÷ǳͣޣ̩ʹ
ҶСгӸߣϷСȹֽС󡷣һݲʷʵӹ鹹Ĺ£һгӸߵˣòףˡ׸෢ȻüĵĽȻжΪĹ¡
Ǽʮǰһµдһ㹴˵׷״ġ䲻˵ǵʿдġƿ÷ȴҲǺ䶯һʱ
ڳԱһЩòȻԱسľӣ˽¶ǰⱾ鷭˵ģ˵Żʵ۵泪ǰǾĿɿڴ
ҶС̨ϳڹԱ̨½ͷӶԽԽʵۿУЦصһ޵ã
׹ݡǵĹǲͬģҲ׷׸ŽձĻһЩ佫佫ǴĻҲޣҶСγüɫ裬ֻѹɤһֱҿʵ۴ͷкã佫ϳɤźһĹǸߡ
ȰӲǸ׺ͷŭվ֮ӣûʻʡǴţ˾ҶӴ󲻾˵ϳ֮Ʋ֮Чȣ
淴Զֻܷ˷۶ĵ󲻾Ҵ󲻾ģɲϲģ
ǵλ֮ǰѹ̫õʵڣûĵĸĥԲԶλϵѵĹĽ֮𸴡
ͷǺԺһλʷеĴߵģһʱվһˣ˾ڶĹԱ࣬Ϊһͬһϵͳ
ڴһһҶС˸ѪͷǱǿͷӳԷģ絶־Ϭǵıš䡢ʹ֮£ҶСֱǶӯпڻ˶
ɼ龰ЩȻʲôҶСҪǲǲʩչֶΣҪ군ˣԡԡ
ҶС켸Ƚ֣ҶС춼طŪûͷ£Ϸһ룬ҶС޴˹ҶСôҶСϣ˳ʲô
ҶСʱѾˣϷһۣÿһ۳ﶼ٣ҶСֻһζѡվ̨ϣЦеؿĹܻģкܸˡ
ĸЩ֪ܣ̫ˣֱ˵ҳҪ˵ٺЩ
ͷģǶƷǶżĹˣõĺܣQͣ죬
룡λλô첱Ӵֵģ׵أҲ̫˰ɣ
Ϸı˿ϷģҶСϷװվ̨ϿĽζλϺۼʵ΢΢Цǲӻתڻ׼ҶС졣
Ϻָһ㣬ȵľϣҳ٣ǧҲ
ҶСգգۣλϴ˵ʲô¹ôⲻǴģʥּ⣬¹ٷֺּ̨һ£ô˼Ҹ˰
Ϻֻ£ȵס죡㷽ųʲôӸʲôˣж֮ɫ̾ϣֱдԻԣĿ
ҶСգգۣȻһᵤΩľ֮⣬֮ĺŮ֮ü⣬ҥνмԶ⣬ֲ廡¡⣬֮ڡ̨֮⣬֮Ů
ֳʱһƬžҶСǡɧԭĴŲţǲǵô֮ãֻ˶ͻȻӽǣԶЩȻ
ɫһ룺֪к֣ˣʲô˼
ҶСδǣ̨һҾȻϴˣδУüָˣ
ϺȻָԭԼ
ҶСȻ״ʲ˵һλŮȺʧȥɷ谮ôôָԼѵ
ҶС춸Ȼɫ䣬һһէģȻû˵ʲôȴ÷ḻ֫ԣ˼װס
Ϻʵʹˣתû죬δףǳ˶Ϊԭͳʲô׵Ĺϵǲѧ˳Ů֮֮壬÷޹ϵϵ
΢Գ´⣬ŷˡ˼ˡԻ˼⣬ЩŮ֮İ״µõʶŮӵõ˵ĳ谮
ֲġ顷ԶġΪʴϷ֪㾱Ϊ˭أ׵ġȴˮ¡׾׵ġδ϶ȶϣб޹ŮԱȣ֪þе
̫Ϊʦˣ˵ϲ糤֮ˮ
žžž
ҶС첻ع˹طʵԭֲס׾ףǶŮԾҳϣ¹پͲˣϴˣⲻֻݹٷŻ𣬲յ𣿡
ӵô೼棬ʵڲ÷ЦͷЦһһʵģʵЩ̲סˡϺſڽΣŷ߷ߵص⡭λ͵ʫʺεȸţ㡭㷽ʲô
ҶСίصǻϷ˵˲ʫ˵ˣ¹ٱͲѧѩĶ治¹پֻ˰¹ҪҾһźİ
ĹٱҶС조öͷһһĵģϺګګΣŵɡ֮ԣ̫Ҳֱɣ㡭
ҶСʵصʱи˽ӣʮʱ򣬸ĸڡ˾ʱ޶࣬Ʋ֣ӾʹϺͯѣڸĸǰıǿġ
Ҫ˵أӵʱ̫ٶѵЦֱ𣿲ĶǸо𣿵ТΪȣΪ˺常ĸģԱ
ТȫʱΪȣɼһТ֮ϣôõ£¹Ϊξأ¹ֻŻ͹£ѵ÷ģΪһ֣Ҳ˲ñˡ
ʲôΪ˺ﻶϲ˲öǸо治Ϊһ֣˲Ϸ治ϷʲôԽһֱҶСԾ˼άϺ֣ƫƫڸˡ
ҶСһһϺǰһڣʱ˹ȥʵҲ̲סЦϷʵǾʣ꣬ñκһ궼Ҫ
Щְ˽ŷסϺֵĹȴˣҶСҶСվ̨ϸ֮£ϺЦЦɣԽԽã˽Ҳʱʵ۱ػһĻ϶ݲңٿΪҵȥɵֻɣǵøЩɣ


39 ַ
λ˵ܵҧĽֵϺҶСĶ֣һ˹ȥĹټ״ŭ˳ȥоϺ֣еָֵ
ΣҶС֮ţҲ޴ӱֵġΣҶС㲻˵ֻǱ˫ؿǣЦ
ʵۡžһƣȵˣ֣ͬҶ̨Ƿ޵ּףĽЩϲհˣѡò׵ʲô֮ߣЧ֮
¶˵ӣٹһʱҲٳȥΪ¶˵ȷʵأԭⷢӣ˭ҶС˵ǣҵ޴ӷ
¼ľеȡˣŪûʷ׷ǵľǰʧ֮Ĺ֮ף׸ʱˮԵʮֲá
͹ϵһ²ؼģǲ˵ˣҶСһĴףζͶʹһϷģ㽥ƽϢ
ʵۿҶС죬ԭɫһ䣬洺صҶ䳪˵ãɼΣο˰Ͳͷ
ͷʲô
ҶСľջһλϲŮ˯ˣüĿ㣬С֮ˡʲôɣжɷܴƷ˿£ɫأؽַȥҲö๫
ҶСļͼһС̫һ籵һƥ̨ʵЦصֵ꣬ͬ죬޴һƥޱģҲöñһТģͷûȥѰɡ
ҶСһ⻰ŷġʵͷ֮ʲרָͶ¥Ůӵʹͣͷʶ԰
ٹ԰Ϸĸ˱ʹͣжڹŴӲֱͨӵǮõģʱ̫صǮԳΪʹ͡
ܵʹ͵˰˼Ҵµ޳вϡͷϣǿҫԼҲǱлʶ˸ͷĳƺ
ֻҶС֪ʶӶϵͳЩ֪Ŷ壬Щ鲢ʲôܣȴˣᡣ
ҶС˿æʵٶʩлʵۼЩƽԱĹٶǽˬ죬ֵ˰ȥȡͷһҶ䡣
ҶСĵͷԭϼҹҲǿɾͷǳԲô߯ҲСЩ
ҶСһػ˸˾ŲʮʱͷȷҲҪͷΪּǶǽžÿﶼʮͷеʣ
ʵʹʹӼֵȻЩСˣȴҲһѵõ١ʵʹ͵ĳûȥ˭ðˣ϶Ҫ߸߹𣬾ǻϴ͵ͷҲð㰸ÿչ㣬л¡
Ѿʹ͹ͷԱˣελϺǰ׸͵õ͵ͷ𹩷ء
ҶС˷Ҫһ˳ȡ˾ݣǴӻʵǶȡԴʲôԴ£Ƶ£һٻĶԴ
ʲôơзһĶǲģһƥУͷоʵ̫ЩͷܷܲסҲ˵ܷסҲܴŸ˾ʹӻͳһùͷ˼ǻʵͰ
ڳУʵۿ˵ˣҪûȥѣԼǿּﴩѵߵĶö಻Ҫô԰ڣ
ҶСһתذݵڵأһмıл¡΢ɱ˺񰮣ݷǣѱһҲ
ͲͷٴͷٵôߣʵյĻ᲻࣬˷ѵãԺһͣʱԡʥ¶׼
һЩλүʵеСƣӵĸʹͣ治á
ҶСǰǷǳأ˵Ŀһڶʵڲ˼ܾ룬ɵص֪ҶЩʲôأ
ҶС׵΢ĩѼڣδ֣´ͳһ֣ӽÿÿ˼ԼıǱͣ縸ĸ֮ͷ
ʵһ˿ֻҪǸҪǮͺã͸⻹򵥡ʵ΢ڵ°ͣƬ̣С죬죬֮죬ţô޾ʹһ֡峿㿴Σ
ֵڼΪ̫ˣʱԡĳɲ⣿ԡ⣬ʵȻ̫ˡ
ҶСϲ϶׵Ҷ峿ߵл£
ʵ¶ɵЦݣͷĵӲ̰ܺôѽ
ҶСҲԵĻϲʵ۸߾Ӿع֮ڣͨʣܺúư
ʵҪǴ͵ģֻܹڼ˿԰԰ڣ֮޴ãһ֣˵λˣһҪԼıֵġ
ʱ˳һǻ׿͡طԱ֪ϸ֪˺ͻʵ۵ĹϵжС
ĴҲˣдĦ˼͵øֵǰ˵ķҶС಻Ҫ鷳
ҶСǴ⣬˷˾ĺϷݣصݺҪһǧټΪԼ
֪д㣬ֻ˹ȻֱֵΪٶƨȻĵЩ飬ЩòȻĴԱȴɰ˼֡
ʵ۶ҶС̸жϲΪ˺ʹȴԼҶС΢ЦƽպзŴ𣬰빬ͣ
ҶСϲٶߵл£
Ĺļ漵֮ƨ
ؿҲ
һԿţЦ֪ҶС̨С󣬱ȻԤ˺Ӧٹ٣Ȼ˰룺ٲһʱɣʹɱ֮ƣ㻹Ӧԣ
ȻһЦվȻ뿪ϯλ

ҶСصңȻϵһ˵ǳкͷǻʵͣϹϻ̳ϿֿͷȻѳкͷ¡֮ع
Ҷϵ˩˩˺˵Ϲͷǧ𶯣Ҫǿһڣƨɿ
Ҷϵվһԣ̾үͷ˰񶼹˴ˣѸ߶Ҳ߶ˣôźá
Ҷһϲصĵڶ˾ࡰֽ첮ֻƵȻ˹˸
ֽȻ߸һǻ¹һˣɵտɨֽ˼壬Ǹ̫Ǵ̵ֽ۵ͰĽɫ
һֽһֽݹȥĳʱһҩɫζȴ综ؼ
첮˳ֽӹֵѾ׼׵
첮׵ǣ߿Ҳ׼׵ˣ
һЦ˵ʮ䣬ʮҶС·һƣҲܰʮһˣ


40 С
ҪҲǴӹʱʹĹأʼͬҪʳ˼̻Ҳͬһͳ
䲻ͬǣűй̶ڣ˷һΣʮһΣ³һһΣٷһΣűڸûй̶ڣ¶ʮĿʼһֱʮʮߣÿ춼ҪűڣűڣϷ
űڡй̶صģǬ幬ǰƬ㳡طκʱ䲻÷̡Υ
涨һ±ŵѾеǬ幬ǻʵ۴Ĵ󹬽Զһ¹ˮջٹش¹ʣֻһأڿ
˵֮Ѿˣһһ磬Ǭ幬ıϵĴģҲڴʮʮ塣
һ죬ǻʵٹֵͬӣǣõȵʮ壬ſԾۼǬ幬ǰ
ҶСڼڶ빬ݣԲһһŹôʽհذԼĺִˡ
׹ݶй̶ٺ»Ҳδ΢ڻʵǰҪ˼ɣԴüȲᣬȴҲݻҶСôݳ޺µģЫʺһݶ
ҶС˷ԼĶλǡһϺݡ
˷빬ҶС챾ΪΪĴıӣЩδĹǻһȺ֮ȺػģһܵΧĳ棬׼־׼ٰĹǺݺݵһء
˹ŷ֣׹ݡѫ佫Ķܶ࣬Ĺȴ޼˼λѧʿֻСèֻˣȫûԤһ¶һȺ蹷һӵϵĳ档
棬̺Ļϴӣ鵱̫ڵϸգϸϸصү֣ոϢ빬˵ǳԻ˶ӣ빬ү
˫վǶ΢΢ЦŶԻ˶ӣǺǣǵڼ岻ʲĴ
鵱̫΢΢¶ΪɫСū澡ū澼ǲ̫ˣ󡭡ǡھŸɣ
͡һͷǵڶʮŸ
鵱̫æߵͷūūѧĲá
ʵۺٺһЦ̧ţһ£鵱̫һӣèƵĴ˸ڿһЦ
ߵϻأװ⡣ߣȺĹ٣࿴ţǲǿ޺Ҷ峿أȥɣϣǵҲܹˣʱ򲻵òЭ޵˽£ҲҪָֻţǵýްǵ죡޵Сôǰɣ
˵ţ׵˦˦ӣٲߣȻԸûЩĿʱʱ޶ѻֲݣ޸Щ
ڵϰèİ鵱̫æһµƨƨߵ׷ȥ̺λүʲôƢϤôɣƫôɣһ¿Ƣ
ػүǷֵģڹǲᴦǳģԹҲǳӰֵֶйλүͷء
˷ȥϷ԰ϷλǬ幬Уٹ١׹ʹڶй̶λãҶС챻λú󣬾ûŲѶ˭Ҳʶ͸߸ϵλүһǡ¼ҹˡ
ϸϵ󣬴ǰ˼ϷˣһİϷϲ˹ۿˣֻһգûֱӷһΪɫ磬ЧҲΪͷϷֱӷˣʰʰҲ͸óˣδһСĸо
˼ˣŷС̫Ǳ̣һڵҹû׼ʢ磬ҲǿڷʳڼԱ˲ģϾֵڣټϷʱȽҹҪ׼ġ
ҶСԱλϵһλԱЦ´ͽˣ֪߰ûС˵ʮӣ߾ǷӵģõģԵһء
ԶЩλõһλԱ͡һͱˡӣǲͷҲλжСֲǲ֪ǳԽӵõĲͷΪǵʲôǻʼҵģҲ˹øǱ
Աص٩ţҶС룺˼λѧʿòĹȻԲ϶أĶһߵˣ˵٩ǸλүϵŤ͵
ûʲôӣҲҪŶģһǷһöͭǮ˭Եˣζ˭Ҫˡ
ǵ뿪ǵһ꣬ʮʱֻͭǮĽӾͶԵˣͷһֻʱûע⣬һҧȥѴĵҲ֪ǲǾǴʱס
Ա߹Ա٩һȴж˺мֵ鱨ʵǹϵΣ׼ȷգаʱмֵ鱨ôһһеõġ
һֻС͵ҶСǰڵģҶСͷ˿ֻӡҶСҲ볢⹬ĽζΣЮһֻССڳ
ڵģöĢ߲˵ɣζǾ͸͢һһƽʲ塢̲ѳȴҲ̸εζɿڡ
ǡԵֻʱҶСһҧȥѵˣ˵λСӵʹͲϣҶС컹ЩСæѽÿ¶СƵһǣϿʲôȴ
ҶСϽСƴӽŵƹϸֻϱд֣ӣ
ҶСʧøƨȥֻҪǻʵ۷ŵģﶼϰ죬ԶһС̫֣С̫߽ˣҶСӵݹȥ͹нˣ
С̫ӹ鿴һ£Сʵλǣ
ҶСͭʸƹ٣ҶСŶҶ峿
Сֱ̫أͭʸƹҶ峿ͷʣͿһ˫
ߵĹٱЩۺصҶС죬һ˫ȴԳЦһûȥŪ㰸Ҳ֪˫ֵֵһ㣡
ҶСЦش·ģҼǮյƣҲյ͡ǹٶҭ÷˷ۣһŤͷȥ
ҶС쿪ʼ½С̫೪ͷͼЦеسԼеĽӣǿӡӡ롢׵ֽͱС̫ɾˣһһ͵нԱǰ
ҶС˫µĿӣ޸пؿ·𿴵Ǽҵָֻ޶Σ̬䡣ģʹ͡ԭλģֻԲ°
԰սӣһӾЦصڰ䣬һ𵽵ܯ֮ϣ𣡡
ڴ󳼡ݡȷ׷վ̫ӵǰڴٹںһⵤܯȥ
첮̽̽ͷʵߵ˵˸ɫһͷ˼ˣǲ¶һ˿Ц⣬֪³ӣ


41 Ƶһ
첮ĺ˶һ֪Ǳҵѵ֣Ļŭšת˳ҵůȥһƿ⻨Ĵţǡÿһλְ׺ܸߵĴ̫߹
첮ֻ˿Щ죬ȴв˻飬Ҳ룬˳ƾ͹ڵϣǴ̫ߵͷСĸ꣬ף´飡
Ǵ̫һ۷֪Ǹۻ¹٣ЦеشһǮǰһɣүۻأŵɱ©ӡ
첮ĸϽǮ̫ߵ˸ͷʱǴ̫Ѿ߿˿
ʱС̫൱ȻҲҪְ̫꣬˾̫࣬ڳ︺̫̫࣬ǲģ෴ø̫׼һݼ񣬷̫һˣݷʲܾͲˡ
ͨС̫һݿǮʲôûУ̫ʱ򣬴̫ܵø˼˼˵Ҳеζ
Ǭ幬ǰһ¶̨һֻ޴ʯڹɺףȡ֮⣬ɽഫǹͷͷΪֻʯ겢ͨڹ֮꣬еġ¡
ͬʱ¶̨໹һʯ̨ʯ̨ϸһ̽ͭͤΪɽͤ˳ΪͤӣŽɽ𢶼ڻʵ۵С
ڻʵټĴٹ˵УƷҶС͵ģվֱ࣬ǡǡһͤӡҶСͿڽͤӱ߶ϵŹ
ǰѾźüʮûָĻھͰڻ֦ϡֽ̻зԸڻϵĻʱǿ԰Ըġ
ͬʱʮûǰһ񰸣ϹһͷǰɹѡģһѡΪ˾Է־ͻר˶õȫǾϣȵҪɱʱޱȣƤϵأ߰˰ٽ
ʱͷԸѾɱϣëϣڴ󿪣ﺬһŴĽź񣬺ϲһڵɷ䡣
ҶСؿţͼһ̫ߵʵǰʾ˼䣬תһ֣ʮС̫ͷܹȥϢţͼС̫ǵȼ˻ҩͷܡ
ǻҩͦӵһֱϵϣߡ͡ȼţͻȻ֮ۿ̻ǰһԭڰĿյǧ̻ʢžŰһա
ЩʼرƵΡлΡж״ɫѤͼ죬žӸĿڰнը˶Ŀ˿ĿϾӡ
ҶСͷҹգ̻ûȤۼĻ棬ҲΪ֮𺳣⻹ĹţȢӨӨŵʱҲҪһҪСʵۻûǮ
ҶСͷ𣬰Դ⣬ظоԱһɧҶСŤͷһͼڹԱѾٿ𣬶Ƿ׷ܯеλȥǶվŻʵۣʵѾˡ
ҶСΪȣæβǶȥڹԱݲ˭˭͡˭˭˶ＷҶС״ҲҲ塣żѽ˵ڱ뷷Ϊ˾ǰ϶¶ˣɻϻûּأһʵӢţƨô죿
ҶС촩ǺļƷӣЩԱǴഩ˿ѣƤۺ˿һĥžžֱ𾲵磬Щٹ˷׷ܣҶС˳˽ȥ
ҶС嵽һͼʵ˫Ŀգɫ࣬İ鵱̫౧ϥϣſŴУүүѣɲҪū澰
ҶС˿ĭŵʵôˣ
Աһ׺ͷشãͷ𣬺Ȼһתͻȥˣҿ˷סһ·µܯҪ塣
ͷ˵ŤͷҶСĿһͬʱһԭͷϻرȥλϺ֡Ĺٽ춼ƲûλϺ̫ߣ;ѾûʲôչֻԻˡ
ͷһҶСʻһŤͷȥҶСƲƲ죬ҲŤͷȥһĦ磬ϺָƵġӴһҶСֶƤ֮ڣȴǻ¡
죡ҽ
и̫ŵؽͬʱָڹԱÿԱС̫ǽ̧ʵۣҶС̧ͷȥͼ·Ļ׹ǡһϤ΢΢һ
ҶСʱһɣ
ΪһֱҶСԾдԱϤҲϲ˭˭һֱûЩԱֱ˿̲ſˡ
رܵӣҶСвһĨֵĸоֳһƬңСֳ̧̫ʵۣҶС챻˼˿һʱֻ£һ̤գҲδ롣
ʵͻּȻǹͲȥˣڴ󳼴վǬ幬ǰȺʵ۵ϢҶС촩ϺõƤۣЧãվĺȻ壬Աһ۲ЧãҪ󣬲ǿ׳һͶɪɪֻöȡů
˵˺ð죬һ̫ҴҸ˵ǱѾѣǰֻбգʧ赹Ȼûд󰭣ڹԱġ漴㰲С¹ҳ
ʵ۾ǷǷѾѣҲûףֻ˼Ѿô˵ˣֻ뿪ʹ
ҶС˹ųԼĳӣϻؿջϴ̽齣Ѿů硢ȺůӣʵС磬ŵúÿô
ҶС츧ͦԲ⣬ʵ̾˿ԸʵүȻɣξ֮У¾Ͳô˳˰

ʵȻε䰲ΣϵҶС˷֮Ƿ˳ҶСԴȻǳעڶһسȥϢ˭سȥתһ磬ȻûдκϢ
ֻ֪ʵٹҹǬ幬ʹ𣬾֣ͬ쳣г֮һ֪ҴԸð֪̫飬ͨǵȾһС³ҲᱻǴķз졣
Աͬ˵ȥɥʧһǵȻ˵Ĺó֮һۣе۲оԣǷʿȺ
ԣѾйԱʼд£еİѻʵͻȻʽΪмʾǽָҶСˣС۶ûԶĽⷢʵڲǴţҲֻбҶСιλϺֲóѹ˺ԺȴһûôϢиʵڲ
ĹԱô½ⷢӣ𢣬̫ԶҪ˵֮ˣΪʳӵĸǹϲ֣ӺΪ̫ӡ
֮ǻӣȷǵҲǳһ⵽ִͳİٹǵǿҷԣٹʵ۽˫ִⳡ֮ʮͿʼˣ϶ʱսʱͣһֱڻûۡ
ʵڡڡһεЩͳĹԱṩһܺõɣйԱᣬơ֮ս»ʵۻδϳд౾Ҳֻ֪ʱ޷ݵġ
ҶСػرȫϢҲû⡣ĵ֮һȻ֪ҹ̻紫˵г֣ھʵûʲô˴
˼ȥֻܴһɣʲôݣѾǵ۹ȨȦһԱȥֻǴʵ۵״̫СˣٰܼҲܰϵôá
һ˾˾ϣȻǳ͢سǾ٣ϢԴϢδסҶСλѧʱദ൱֮໥Ρ뵽ҶСԸ˱ҪȥϢ
ʱн䱸ɭϣ岽һڣʮһڣ̫͹붼Ҫܵϸ̲飬һǼǡ׸ʱк̫ڵڣһɫѹ֮
ʵԴͻغ󹬣ʵ۾ûѹҽʵۿ֮ײ½ۣĪһǣòһ׼ȷϣΣ̫׸ġ
ʱɴҴ߽ڣ̫㣬ʵˣ
ʱüͷ΢΢һ壬̫״͵¹ش󣬲δֻѧСҲǼͶҽҽ޲ߣǹˣˣԡ
ʱȻ̫ҲڵǾΪ¿ɣ
̫ӭɣܣջعδѣҽ޲ߡϲ̫ΣǵѧͨһЩ˵а취
ɳԾصϻδôȥ
̫ɽ޹齱߰ᣬһ̫͹˽Ͻӭϣ̫Ҳûոֻɵܣ쿴ʵ۾ôˡ
ͷϹȥǰװģһù󣬼
̫еͼΪʵָһһԾŭص̫ϲҲж


42 Ƶڶ
̫ôһ˵һԼܵĻȻŲɵģ̫ŭغȵȻ˴󵨣ıʵۣ
ŵɫ԰ףսսʵˣϡоô
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˵꣬ȥ׼㰸ֽľɰʩ֮̫๬æµһʱ伦ɹʱ˵ʵʷٿȻɫ
ӵǲŹ֮˵˵ţʵǶһЩֹ޷͵飬ЩŰɵģοⷬɻϵľ˸׿˵λܻɡ
˵ʵްʱһ漴˸Ŀֻ֮УԹżʵ٣һ¶ĪһƬȷѪꡣ
ȻѾԽԽżɱˣ͢Ҳ˵йƵӣȻһĻ٣¶Ҫһˡ
ѧȻǳóڷ沢ͨӻлǴ´ġɢͷֳľ̤ǣ޹װģһճֽҷŽһˮ̻ʵ۷¡
ˮѾ˽ⶾҩʵ۷ˮһ֮ǰеĵЧǿЧҩãһͷһʱЩⲢʡ
̫״˿ȴǼֵı̫ƺҪʼʽʹøĸŮŮ֮䣬һ;࣬鷽ԶͥĮ
һЩĸ׵ǧټΪԼλҲΪж۰ӣΪԼݵλ㡣һ֮䷴ĸ֮
ԣ䣬һʵȥҪعѣĸѱ֤ĵλҲʹȻʵ۵ĸʵ۵
ʵ۷Żͷ˰żһ˵ɫʱĿ£飡ϸҲ飡޵Ҫ˭ıӵӺޣ
ʵۻҧгݵطԸ̫ࡢһմŭӰˢˢ򵹣ضף
̫󾪻ԶҲɫ࣬ȵʲôһȺûõūţȥѣǰʹ׶죬Ҳðżҳ
ּ̫ܲһ£ʹǱͻһ࡭

˵ҶСãЩȻΪҪȥҶС죬Ż˽ȴҶС쾹ŶԱһܼģ΢΢һЦŶɲãʡѰԼ
ǹܼҵˣǵļƻ͵ǰˣҰһ£Ǳȥӭ
ǹܼߵſڣһԼԸ䣬ҲƵⱼȥǹܼŻصУµ߰ɣͰҷ˵ȥҪ¶ţǷǳɰܣڴһˣ
µͷԼѾõװһλòƹܼңԴԲ˵ӭȥ
ʵͻؼδѵ¶µȷ֪ôľ٣еģδºҪϵΪ˲δļƻ˵
˽ǣӽҶС죬ΪѣӮȡΣһֱϸ˵ķԸֱգ˵λĸȻɹܼĸϣҪ¡
Ѿ֪˹ľٶıҲֻӲͷƤӦװҪ취ҶСԼջһ̶˵ҪȴҶС쾹ˡ
ҶСһԳӭϽٲǰҪ񣬿װȻһТϵТһ㶣Ȼʵ֣ǡ
ϣȻ̾˿һݡɳƵصΪָոյϼϢ˵ϸͻؼҽЧˡ˵ű̧䣬˲۽ǡ
ʵǰ͹ˣΪ꣬ؾԭʵȱѾ˶ˣ˵·ϸڡҶСԴ˲һ֮æȻ°ֽڰ˳䣬ǧ塣
ϣĬĬҡҡͷ͵ɡ
˽˿˷˲±ɤӵ͵ܽյţʲôô
ҶСЩԥ˼ϸ׸ոչбʹ֮ʣԼϢʵЩݰ¼Ϊѣ͵ܵ˵޷ǡ
ҶСЩΪص֣СղμӹйʱͻȻ岻ʣϢҲͲ֮ˡ
Сܴ˷ΪˡȣģԶڱǷ񿵸СǹУȴֶ֪ԴǷСҪ֪Σźðֹ
ᡰһɿһԵλܼҡһཻۣĪ棬ЩҲ㣬ʵ¡һմΪ캮䣬̻ʱ־ãͻѣΣѾˡ
ҶС˿ȻˣҾͷˡȣǰּ֪˴£Сֵڶ߶ţʵΪ顣
͵ܲؿµֻΪִ˿зңд͵ܡ
ҶСæСףС͸ˡ
ʵڶԲסûɵδֻذҶС͵ۡſڣҶСֹ
վסŲҶСһ𡭡˵ºһʣ£ΪϾҪ綡ˣһ֪ղл͵ۡ
ҶС쿴ѹһʱҲ֪˵Щʲôο֮ǰӴ£ҲϣھǶһԵ˵õϡ¶ѣвЩ
񾩳ǸŻû˺ȥð칫ءТ֣Ҫ˵ּĹԱһƷĴԱ˵ĸ籼ɥҲǺϺƵģҪֻ͢һ˵ɡ
ֵ´δֹ·磬ģϾҪˣһȥ꣬ҶСԶڹ˾ټĻȷʵã
ҶСǸسŵˣʲôԻһĿ׻ĵѵ˵ڵģֻܲϵذοֲҪˣ塢尡
һִһһҶС͵ܲվͽΪһ˾ΪߣһΪ־Ͱⷽ͵ܰɣ
ԣз˾ӣ裬ĥԸ͵ܽǾ֮£ģⷽȻ󣬵Ѷ꣬Ϊֵףμ
ҶСΪжæ˫ֽӹ˼ȻӦֻҶСҴոݼֵǮ࣬˵ֵⷽǮɿҲǸ۵
ҶС˼һתҺ񣬰͵ժ͵࣬ϻбʯҲЩͷˡ˷ΪǿԼġ˾ԡԳ빬ʱҪժ£ʱ򳣰ڵϡ
ҶСժ嵶˫֣صضµڱСֳֳܶ꣬˵Сܵˣ
æҲ֣ص˫ֽӹпϲгӣ


43 쵶Ӿ
棬̫๬ķ͢˸νһ˲ǧѰִ֮䣬һССĲżżôҵġ
˵ûҵ̫ŭܻһԣ㱧һϣɵܣа취ʵҵֻżô
ԭǣ̫࣬ʡñĵԼͷϣ첮İֻżһױ˷ֵĵطָһлʵҵֻżô˵»ʵۻǰŰɡ
뵽ɱüͷ΢΢һ壬ɵصܵĵޣδܹ㵽ֻżڣΪѣ԰ɣ
ɹصָĬһ󣬿ڵ·֮ʣǬ幬ǰĵܯ֮ϣżȻأȴܾĿ̫Զǧ֮ôȻҪڽôϵĻֻżӦþǬ幬
ʵ۴ʱͷѾȫѹŵ뱩ŭɵĻδֻһλľ˸˵ô͹һ⣬һҪΪҳ֤
׵ԵΪЧ
ɸϵǬ幬һȺ̫ϢΧ۰Ͱ͵ؿǬ幬ڣС̫微뷿ڵϵͼҾ߱Ͳ࣬Ѿȫˡ
ڵ棬ɨһ۾ˣü飬Ϊǽשټһ飬̵˿Ϸ죬ûܹ˿һשںʵĵһص㶫ȥٰѽש̺ã̲˷֡
ɿʵﶼѹô
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ҵĽָָͤԸ߶ѹˣ
̫ǣѾʹ˲ˡ
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Ǵ̫Σֻ÷Ը˸ϵͤԣıߵĵţŽŶ̽
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Ǵ̫ˣСҲСС¹٣곤̫ļʯ̨˽ͤӡС̫ͤӲƬ̣һͤ㴫һϲõľҵˣҵˣ
ţͼһС̫һֻżϲشӽͤ˳

ʵսֻд֣ͷһĲżɫһԲ̫û£˵õô󵨣ıϣҪľ壡
ɫвżתȦɵˣֻżڽ֮ͤзֵģ
׵ǣС̫ȥ󣬳ʱ޷֣żȻ̧ͷڱڶϣֻżժ֣Ǳճġ
ʵ۰ǲżսᣬüʲôôйζ
ɵѾ˿ˣǸɵ㽺
㽺Ǻ֮һһζĲȣʱ򼫾ճԡʵ룬˼ˣڵϴͰٹٵĲ֮Уƺһ㽺
ɵ˵ͷǣԹأΪӦ˰㽺Ĩڲżϣ˲͵͵򿪽ͤӣżճͤڲࡣʱ˶ڹۿ𣬶ЩֵܷģҲǡˣͤӣҲġ
ʵ۵ͷ΢΢۾ޱ;֣й̫ͼıޣΪҪðǬ幬֣Щ˵ͨͼ޲Ӧ⳼ˣ
ŭɶص֮Īͼ߱Щ⳼ƽϵµܺ߶Ҳ빬лᡣ£ʱ˭վڲвżͤӱ߶ϣ
ʵ۱һﾪѣϴҹǬ幬ĵֵ̫ʻ̫ż¼ӣսսشū澲˼أҹҹվڽͤԱߵģͭʸƹҶС졣
ʵ۵Ŀ΢΢Ծһ£һһصҶС죡

˽ҶС죬ͭʸְһƹ٣ס̲ǰֵջҪ£ֹصջôһ۵ĺӰеǮӸǰ漸ƤطԸ
ƤͷүģүǾǿеԷģؿջס
ˣȥɣţҪ׮ɲãǵȣ
һݻﳤȥƤݸɫۿҶС¸ϳѸٳСЩ˶ԾǵĴСϤһ֪ҶСҪЩط
ľӴǿҲţͻҲţطԱ¹ǺεҪԱڵطεİ裬˾Ǵޱȵ͵ײǷǡ
ĻƤӵӱͺܴ󣬿ɹƭթ޶ԼӰʮǰʼӰܻһЩƤʼרթˡ
УԽܹٻְĹԱǽС΢ҲթֻҪ¶ˣЩعԱᱧϢ˵̬ýǮһЩƤҲˡ
ҲѲʷΪ¶վ֮ģһΣͣ£Ȼ̬ȡЩ˴ҪץҲز˼죬Ҳǵ档
˰µЩƤǱһóթĹ߷ǳС·ϵǰ·ںһƤͷ磬ǽ׼ôŪŸ롯ǲɣҲ׵ֻС͡ˣһкã
С˵ĶڵĺڻŸŮɫգֻҪϵ˯ڴϣϾ˳˵Ů˵ɷ򣬸մˣ㲻뾭٣ɰǮƽ°ɣͽСŸ
һ߲߶ʬ壬ֱҸؤŪǰһ㲻ǮǮóͦһǮ
ҪǲаˣͱһһϰٴүɣҪ֪ôɵˣ֮Ҳйᣬ֤ûҲڵǲƤ
ڻ͸ˣ˵ҸüĿ㡢ڳҸͬװһǵĿֻ࣬ҪܿڷǲǮС
Ҫ㶯ֻ̰֮ͼˣˣôͻ֣һѲӷܰĥ֮ν
ôǾǲʲôɶ׵ȵȶԣֻҪ鷳Ǿ͵Ǯƽ̵ǮȴҲ١
ȻǽΨһҶСصջΪ˴϶թǮƣĻȻǡֶˡ
Ȼλ°룬Ըúɣ׼һ£һŪײһӡСĶϽȥ岶ͷ׼ˣæӦһ׼ȥˡ
棬ʵ۳ɫĬãͼָʹ޹ŲҴҵߵǰϥ򵹣ʵһһطԸȥҶСץĻ֣


44 㾦
ҶСڳ֮ϣʮֳܣݲҶСֻܻζУ߼䣬ԱߺȻһִ̺󺺣Ͽһⵣⵣͷϻ˼ȦӣһǸ
λƵصҶС࣬Ķ״Ͻһһÿ˵·Լϻűⵣһ࣬Ǳⵣóϡ
ʹ˻һǰȥϵҶСһæеˣ
Ӵ
ǰһŲӵϺһƨڵϣҶСס֣ӭǰȥʵɣû°ɣ
㲻Ҫߣ㲻Ҫߣ
ϺҲһصܲݿˣֻܳסҶС䣬ײײҿţ
ҶСһΣ֪ʮֲãݲֲͬ÷ɲؽ£ǡˣ¸㿴һ֮ġ
ϺһƨɴƨӲǼǮϷ򣬾ǳ֮ϣףҲʲôˣҪ㻹һţţװû˹ܰ
Ϻţһظ˹ʲôʲô£áã
ҶСЦˣľϣεͷͬоǸʲô˽ⲻǰһˣҪթڹٸġӦˡ
ǲ쵽ҶСǰüбص㣬ʲôģţ
ҶСֹ̧˲µĴƽصǹͭʸƹ٣ְġһıⵣ۾һʱƲֹײϺ
ǲЦ⻹⣬˵˲㣡֮Ǳˣ㿴ôţ
ҶС֪ЩǲĿڶعٶУҪ˵ԼλͭʸƹˣλүѹͲ֪ͭĶҶСˣӦ⳥ҽҩѣλͷһ°ɣٻ˾
ǲЦˣߺȣͦ˵λƹүǾǣһĶֵأʲôӣ㶼˵ţڵϴСеϺô
ϺҲҵˤ·Ҳ߲Ҳˡ
ǲϣλƹү̯¶ˡǹ٣СĿɴβ׮ӣ˳츮һ˰ɡ
ҶСüͷһ壬õСǮ£ȴûЩ˵θôþŻԼһʰҶСסǾҪ٣۰ɣ
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ҶС˲ЩԼжĪ˰ղթŻģʱϵĲҲǴɣĽӦˣҶСС»ˣκϺģҲϽǮԱǲֲϴߴ٣ҶСΣֻø˳츮ȥ

ҶС߱סǱ±㻻һѣǸܼҡջʶλµģһΪȣΪԼҶ̾ȥģôȴջˣ
شѭ켱æԼҰµĿջ˲մˣҼҶһ󸮰ݷˣôȴջĪǴ˺ҼҶ̲
һŵѭ쿴ػ޷ҼҶĸ֣ܻ䣬л뽲
һ׶ǡ¡ң
ǹܼˣԻгһڱ˫ֵ¡ֵ¡ǴĶǿĶۣвһڵǳס
غѭһǿڵʱһڵǵҶСƷɡë׷ʮɽѰңңʱӶͷǶõһսƷΪ࣬ǿڱӴ˱ҶС嵶
غѭڵҶС֮Ͼ֪ҶС˴鷳ŵʵմˣǡ
ȻҶʶն̣ȴͶϣཻĪ档ӦҲ֪ġ
æǣѧףҲ󸮰ݷˡʾҼҶ̾ôˣ
һ£Ŷʳ֮»áˣҶ͵ԩģ֮УǶ˵˰ɣ
ѭ£òУϽλˣͿ˵ҼҴ˾ô
³˵ҹʵ빬ͻؼշűѣҲȴż֮ȥ鵽Ҷ͵ϣѾץˡ
ʲô
һһʵҹͻȻ֪ģҶСȥոΪ˴¡ɽͲ֪ˣû뵽¾ȻǣԼҶϡ
ɱӣʲôǺεӢСŪ飬ܸ̫ʹ׹֮ʵۣҲǲ˸֮飬̫Ӹɱ˰һˣزֽű
°̾һֵҶ͵ܱץǰ˵ңԴ˵Ϊ仰ǡ
ѭϽʵҼҴô˵
µҶ͵˵ԩģ˷ץǷܹѩԩʵԤϡҸǣȥļˣұܳǣϴԻۡҡưĸĸˣھȪ֮£Ҳмǡ
˵һʣʰ˲ᣬصУܾ͸ˣȡΪ֮ɣ
µĻһʱ飬ֻǿµʹˣ
³˿ջϳһ·ŤͷǿջµصҺò¶ţ
ԱǹһЦֻҪǽҶСļߣҶСͽٿĪ磬еӽǾ͸ˣǺǺǣմˣúãҪģǰͱսȻ֪ģ
æǣףظˣ¹֪ô֪ˣɹƭҶС֮ĸͰѼƻгˡһǾȻɳ飬ŵð
ǡܼҡ˵ˣʱ֣ܼҡȥջѶˣû㹦͡°ܣҲᱻҧͬá˼ȥ±ѡֻúӦˡƻ˿ν޷죬ֻҪҶСĲ˿κ춯ǰ޴ӱ״ְԼѡ·
غѭ¡͡ͳջһأѭ㼱Ǹǻǣôݽȥˣô죬ڿô죿


45 Σ
ѭ˵Ƕıǰ飬ֻǸʦѭһʣصݹȥټˣʰװ׼뿪
ѭȥټȫϵݵľӴߵߵšûȥҶңҶСԴӵ˾ǣȥͺ͵˵ãҪȥᡣ
ݴƯƯģڷźɰʱ䣬ֻҶСˣЦտȥţһسɫվſڣһ㶡
صݹ̳ˣͥУѧһһ
ݵľӴһ˲ȥУϢһ˵ְҶСǿ嵶˶پ׺䶥
Ѹ۾ݲʵС粻ıʵ۰ġ
裬صص֪£Ӣ纺䣬ҲɱŹԹŹһ׹ơż֮аȷѪ꣬ͷ¡
ݽһô죿
ʱѭ켱ҴҵݹѾˡ
ص´̵ķԸǴļˣ뿪ǶܣƽգԻۣҡҲڽһˡ
ѭ켱ϸˣ½Ƭ̼ǻȥүӡϷһˣ߳Ǳ̸ɡ
ݺ۾վҲߣҪС磡
ѭ켱ݹ޼°ǻ뿪ɣ
ݵ˵İӣ඼׶༪١ҪˣһϰСˣˣҪ£һһ
ѭͷѾ˶ţصȰȰݹȴȥӴȫҳĶߣϳô
ضݵڳк棬ͽѹ硭
ץҶСǿ嵶Ȼ֪ҲﲻʲôǲȥġӦ֪ʲôݣ
غѭһʱδ
һһصҵˣͼôֻ̤ҵʬſ˺ҵˣֿ
غѭ챻ݵһסˣݼ飬˵
ʱŴǵĶԻ׷ʲô£ǴɽгʿĹһ⻰ɱɫݹ𡭡˳ʲô£
ݶҴҽ˵䣬ͳ첪Ȼɫд£˱Ǹɴȥ˴˳ɽȥɣ
˫һϲ԰˵СΨһ·ˣ
ѭ캧ȻǷˣ棬ݵǽ˵ȥǧһ;Ҳ֪Ҫж޵ӵõ
ȻӲӵõǸܱʲôҪã˵ӽôˣǧӲֿߣ֮󣬾ǻʵҲ²סе·
ѭɲɽһ޷죬˵ݣ㽹ؿأΪҶСʦүλƵһų⣬ҶСӪѾкܴķȨˡ
ѭô˵
ҲأǶˣɱɱ¶Сļ뿪ǰɣȥС磬ǾȲһˣ
Һú롭
ظŶͷ˰·ִ٣һǵҶСѾץߣ̾Ҳ˷磬ûϸ˼ľѭݸִУص˼·ˡ
سΣԣ԰
ѭʵʲôԣ
ص̴ǣûжӲ뷨ҶġôıʵۣΪλǣ۵̣ھﲻκһߣûǣɵţǡˣݺ
ݺѭ컥࿴ʧʵ˵ݺС磿
ظڴǣԼ˼·ƣ˼ŷݺô˭ҲۣҪݺ̣ƾһֻż²ɰɣ
ݼеص˵
һЦ£ţһһĳʦʱҲùֻҪһңӻ󵨵ʵ˶̵ʱǰٿĪˣ
ѭ룬Ȼһеɡôźãð˵ļô죬˿ǷԸǣذļתƳǰ
ͬ޲òϳɳǷ֮أ۷ҶС죬ͭʸҶС챻µʱлѣջֵͶˡ
ȻǾһľ棬ȴˡرһصĺݽɫ˼Σںһġ
ҧݺݵص̴ͷҪȫˣ֮飡Ҷ̶ģάΪһҪǲߣ˭ҲߣκδˣһֻҪһ߻ǽ̱ɣԣܶ˭ܶϰװŻȥһǰ
ˣҲֻΪҶС챻ץ֮ʵˣи´Ŷû¾ݺҶС֮һⷬϺʵ۵
»ʵ벻ҶСôĶǣһҶСļ˺Ͳ֮ززҲֻΪηǱӣΪܺߣ㲻ָһ侲͹ۡ
ѭԾصɴ˷ԸҪɣ
̧ͷɫ죺⣬ܣ

ջбһͬڣ׿ţβص˲ֻ̳ӣ񼣺˵ѾǡʾôôǺ޶ӰǵǿӰ
Ƶʱ򣬾Զ˺˻Ťͷһͼӵ˷׷߱ܣݺݵض˶ţȻС֮С
ҶС챻˳츮һСӣʵһͷܽˣҶСͭʸƹ٣ҽ빬˳츮ƹٳԾ͵Դˡ
˳츮ٵˣвʱ̹עֶ̬͢ģҶС켴뷷Ϊ˾빬ֱӡ˳츮ڴԱԺһҶС·ˣƹͣͷİӣԸʡ
ǰϺƤթİƹδۣϰһһ˴ʮȥˡƹҶС˻裬˻죬ſͿذͳš
ҶС˳츮ﵢʱ䲢һȥһʱ;ˣص̲ǰɫѾ磬֪޷ȥˣҶСԼļš
ҶСᳵӣҲδھӣԼǰС߽ȥһԺŶթҲûȥɡ
ҶС˵űƿ˷ţĿһ䣬ʱһһһضͼһ£֯ͨ޵ķͷһ״ɴңȵһյ衣
ҶСòĨˮϵĲҶЦ΢΢صҶˣٿɺʱˣδ䣬ŷֳ崺Ľ᷿һӿ


46 
ҶСĿâ΢΢һȻǡ
Ƿ˷²豭վ𣺡ָʹ޹
ҶСϱ٣Ϊ
޹ȻһЦ˵ָףȻѰİӣȻòҽҽ֣ҪָʹԳģ˵ʲôİӣ
ҶСɫһһ棬͸оȷǲѰӣ֣ǹغ𢰲ΣĴ󰸣ı󰸣ҶСô룬벻ԼϹϵ
޹ߣ
ҶСֲ׷װεڽһҲǰεҶСֹ£ȵѵ£ֿԥҶСȵ£
ۼ߶ŭЩŲ鲻Ըطе޹΢΢һЦʶ࣬ͳͳߣյĨ˫£ۣҶСҶСߵ߰˸Ҳһ
ڽѺҶС˷䣬żھӼҵǽðͷнԳ־󣬷ҶСĲڷ类Ա˴⬡
ҶС췴˫֣Ƴţ޹ʵˣҵļأ
޹ͷҲûأֻһصε㣡

Ǭ幬ڣ޹ҶС־ܣѱѺδļջеĲ㱻£˴Σ
ʵָߵȥץʱ벿ʲô춯
޹ȥҶСļңʱҶĸԺι˵ֻĸÿ춼µʵ᲻ɱ˶ӰȥݣҪ͸ݼҡ
Ҷʱ˯֡ɩͺӣȥݼҴŶȥˣҲץջǱҲδʲôɶеڳԾƣе죬װɢδ򡭡
ʱܹҲТǰҶСܷ˾һϴ֧֣Īظһ׮żʱҲľǣԼ˼ȥ벻ҶСô
ʱ޹һ˵ʱϵϣҶСʵɶʥϲ˵ʥϵҶСε֪·֮Ȼ·˶ȥ˳Ӧѯ˺Ҳû˿䱸ּԩġ
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ʱзʵôأҶСܷΪ˾ϵڱһ֮䡣Ŵ빬豸һϮ˾ۿûˣʲôд̱£
ɵҪôˣҲӲ²⡣ֻżһ£ҶС׿ѣ
ʱвõصûгɣ־Ͳһܹ鸽ɽӵ˽ʥȴͿؿͷݵطССλ˾ô룿
׸ɽѹˣǺǣѹ˼˵׸ˡ
λ䲻
ʵһ˷ˣ޲ŻΪģ˾ȼймνȻݲ˸಻Υѵ£˾Ͳزˡ
ʱѾɫ࣬Ҳ֪Լ˵ˣǵ׸ŭʵԼæлǣԽ¿嶣
лǷǣ˵ſת֮ʣ洫ʵ۵޹úòһҶСı޵ĿԼЩͬУź򣡡
ˣһĨЦٿȻǡ

޹صگʱѾȫˡСУŵ޹ֱȥ˴Ρ
ҶСڳʪĵݶϿ˼ڤ룬Ϊֱ֪ԼΪһ죬ҶСդмȥյƣӳһˣٶ֮䣬ϴķ⣬޹
ҶС˹ȥ˫ץդеָӣҵļأΪʲôǣ
޹ˣ˹صֻ˵ڴε㣬û˵ǻһҪڲǼ棬䣬ѵô
ҶСҲԭ򣬼ûкһگʵİЩΪگͬһĴΣǾһļҲº
ҶС첻پ£תֵ˵߱ϣҾʲô
޹Ŀһص㲻֪Լʲô
ҶСҲ֪
޹ؿעã仯ϿʲôףŻգٹżʩ»ԡձ±ѣ֪дѼ죬ڽͤߣд˱ֵżһöҶС죬ҹʱͤӵˣɣ
ҶС֪ʲô£˰ΣŴеңûиɹʲôı£ԩģԩģ
޹صúˣʱͤӣлżڵģֻ㣡Ͻ꣬дѻɽʿѧ׹֮˰Уٲ鲻
ϹϹ裡
޹ͷһϺӰƲŵ߶߶شԶ繷صָүҡ
޹õصطϹԱ߿ţôԶʲô
ͷصָүʻСĸ
޹һǻϹעҪշҺúţһ٣Ƥ
ϽͷףǣСľҲţ뿪벽
޹תȥԽԽԶɫúһɡһ籾پ㣬ֲУÿһҽگġʮ˰աĽգܲܲˣ
ҶСץˣȥڵϣżɱʵۣǣô㵽ҵͷϣɺϣǡ
Ȼ䣬ҶСԺеʯһͻȻֳһŹסˣڻʵʵֳĿˣҶС˵ʱΪʲôҪˣٿǣ϶ף
Ҫʵ۵ĵѽҶС벻ͨΪʲôҪôΪ׷ӨӨδǨˣôĳ
ʵЩˡЩ£ûеɽ˿׷󣬵ǲıԣֻѧ׷඼ϰˡ
Ķ׷ִŵĶԸʵҲûô񵭣ֻΪݣǰûõĶ
ãĴ裬ʼӨӨһۣһʹ̤õ·ת˾ĻȪƣòвŮ͸ǲԳˡ
ҶС϶˾ݺĻ֣һʱȴ벻Ҵİ취Գٽᣬηǵһ죬˺ɫһӡ˽Ƕŷñģ˵ͷҲģ
޹ߺϹȻһʹҶСη⣬ŽѾӣŶվߺȵǸʲôģֹ
گ˽ԴˣԹҲģŲŲλãٲӭȥǸʲôģصҪÿ
һ˾һӣƵıӵ£Ϲͷ˿ɵص⡭ǡҪǺѾջӣһ
ҶСпţֻϹҪ˭ȴڨڨ֣ԹԵ˵һߡʼûֹ˺ϹʱѾٵĲҶСηǰվ
ҶС컺վץ֮ͣʵʲôˣ
мǸ˻̧ͷҶСȻһЦƹ£ֻһҫ۵ݣҶС캧Ȼһʧеô㣿


47 
Цͷкһͷگǽ°ٻְ֡ѫӵܣܶһоλְоеĹѫӵܣڽйְҲܹҸٻֻͨǰʱһٺ»
һλɢְĽ°ٻ˵һλүȻûˣΪӣôһϮĽ°ٻݣҿ֦ɢҶҪǿࡣ
ֻ°ٻĹ̶ٺ»ʵҲ޵úܣλٻʱʱľ͵æСĲǲЩ
εϤˣֻλٻСæҲ衣
λƵؽΣµضһ̫ƽʢһʵҲ಻һɳӵľگտյû
䵽ηʱյڶͱסˡ˵ְ٣ɱϾǶͦӴٻǶԲסⶫοǲܽ
ߣһ񺿵ĲҽصƮĶ䣺Ϲ谡˱ڣ¿չٵүүȥһҪġ
ȻȴǼĺһ
ЦگܾûôˣϹ̣
һأط
ҿѹһĵӣҶԻϡ
˸ƣȴҲûʲôԵ壬ֻǼǿֵҲǹͷͨϴġʮ˰աָʹ˾Ͱշĥˡ
ʱԭʮĽ˻ˣ裬ú֡֡ǧиµ
ȻȻ󴫳һߺȣѣٻڶУЦصͷϣϹæţҲͲˣλֵܣؼˡ
һʱ֮ٻͬջڣһִ̼ڿջһǣǰһͷ⣬һƶһվƣšٻ߹ȥһƨԵؽţùһձԼһһ
Ņ̼̀ͷɿɨһ۴ãµص鵽ˣ
ٻһֻȥ΢΢һ֣һԪ䵽ٻģٻѸһ֣ٷŵʱǶѾˡ
ٻһƣͷٱܲңҲ̶á̵ϹϻòȴĵһѺ֣޵Сݣҿ˳Ų˶á
̼ͷһ죬ٻЩؿһۣ̲סʵˣǶǳ𣿡
ûд𻰣ֻǴӵƤñͷһۣٻ˹ȥ
ٻƲƲ죬ǶͷȫԼǰΪسԽ

Ǭ幬ůڣ޹ʵš
˵Уţ
ʵû̧ͷֻܵͷ¡һ˾ļ½첮վڰԣŻʵת˾ࡣ
޹ǣʼգǴԩȰ̶ñˣҶ⣬ѲΣȴûбĹʡѲ̣ȻֻŲסˣ΢ܣ
첮ڶУ۵ӹһ˿ϲá
ʵպպɰߵܣô¶첻ãǽ̫ʧˣ
޹̡߲һ򵽵ϣײ
ʵһͣ޳Ĵ󱦣¹ģ£ǽ·ɣԹݵط˵һ̨׾ˣҲ˸ޣ
޹׵ǣǡļˡ
ʵһϺݺݵػһȦûΪū
޹ףߵݣ˳ȥ
һգ첮˳ȥ˵һתͼտѩǽ֮£һƬġ첮ĳ˿δãã

˹ЦֻЦЦţȻԼеϸŲԸסЦȥٻ˸ͻһϢã첮һõϢеޱȡ
˿źǻʵ۲̵¶ҶС칫նۿŸֵӹҶСͷһǻѪյʱһǬ幬ǰһҹ̻Ѥ
첮ЦϲˣϲˣҶСףԸ
һۣЦص֪ҲĵĺܡǺǣõģ˴Ӧ㣬һߪ㣬˾࣬Ҳ岻֣ͷҸ̫˵˵Ȱȥ̫й£Щͣٵת˾ͷˡ
첮æлһصлˣĽΨ֮Ǵӣ
˹ЦһЦݣ첮ĵ˵ҶСļѾΪū
첮æǣûңӴǼū
˵ͷĵص֪ˣ

˾ϣ˳ظϵ˸һۿţϽǰʩ񣺡¹ϣˣ
ϣһɣ⼸һֱеĵĥһʻηϣԴĴʶҲ֪˶ٱ顣
룬ѶصֻҶСһϣҶСԱҲڿջĲ棬֪ȥջҶСЩ϶ҶСѣܵʣҲûг
˽գҶСһغⰸǽˣµĲڷͻȻټֻǹүҪ۹ˣȻĻϲ
˿ϲӣЦĪҪ˵̫磬˾ǵ׸ҲⰲŹְӦ£һҪȻԵ
Щʧֿǵ˲ãֻлǣ¹ٲ
˶һڣҶСˣҶҵ˱ûȫΪūˣ֪𣿡
ϢûͨԴ˻Ĳ֪һ¹в֪¡
΢΢һЦ֪ûϵּӦúܿˡⴱլӣ̫ȥոմģլӺܴ󣬾Ӷ˵е㲻ʹãҪְ
˵ţؿһۣص˵
˵ص̷˾ǹ񲿹أū̷˾Щ˸̺ɡ
°룺ҪҶСļҾ찡˵˸߸ϣΪԶڹݵҶС𣬱ǹү˼ҵŮɣѵҶСŮ˫˿ˣ
һۣĺ˼롣˵ˣԲҪҶСһֳҶСһģһˣһҪҵĸ
ֻĿɿڴѵүϲˣ
Բ֪תŵͷҶСѾˣǻһҶСһģһˣҪŪĸۡҪˣΪūΪ澡ĥſ⣡


48 
ֻƶʼڱκʱڣʱߵŮ˱ΪֻһֳͷֶΡ
̷˾񲿣ֵڣЩߵŮ̷˾󣬻òļѵּˡԭŹ㡢߹ͷ¶ˣߵΪǼĳͷ
̷˾Ҫ輧Ȼֵط֮ط׷һЩŮ£Ҫ˵սӿͣﷸŮ켫ǾԶﴫҥˡ
̷˾ǹ𣬲԰տţҪӦٷĽصȥһ룬ĸٶȱŮˣҶͬ࣬˵ùȥŮͲ˼Լ·
ǿ̨ǶͷǾ͸ñӣ㲻ϧëҲ÷˻Դ¡οʮ˲ĹٶҲѱƽ
Ԫ¹أԱϽˣһԱȻˣҲǲֹٰܵĽ̷ȥˡΪūˣȴδöʸּ˲תղģҲûʸ
ԶԹūİãҪֳ¼֣һ̬Ϻ׼ŮӣΪּ輿輧ѷɫһﵫʵĿѾŮòʡʹ˵ģֻЩֻӣһΪūˡ
⻹һִãǷݼΪūҪڽ̷˾еֻɺõöˣһݼҶԹٻ³ҲЩһ棬һֺ˻ģȻūʲôģʵƽռһҪ
ԱʮĴ󰸣ǲܵûңҾΪūĳͷģκһڷʮվǼԽ̷˾Ѿܾû˽ˡ
ڽ̷˾ֻǽԪӹģҾ챻ΪֻģһֻΪֻĳ³Ҳ̧ǵݡ
ս̷˾㷢˵Ƿټ̷˾дʹʹɣֵ֣ȹְʹȻȫȨ¹ĹԱˡ
Ľ̷˾ʹӲ嫡ӴʹǸ̫࣬Ϊ̷˾Ů̫࣬ݺݺĴɫˣԳ͢ƶȣʹһְһ˵ΣԵ
ӴʹķټҾ죬÷ǰ涨ոνеȺͰš¶Ҫ˽ǣ
ʲôˣжıͷɽĿж󣿻ûͬڳΪ٣Щ˽ҪԵģ;ʾһ⡣
ӴʹϹ鹬ӹ˾ܣҵϹ񲿹ܡ¹ٷһ̫۷Ҫ빬ȥ̽̽Ҷһ˵ĵϸ˾ϣ͵ˡ
һӴʹ̫װܱôӴʹҪ빬
һǶͷ˾æǰʩ񣬵ԭ´ˣ¹Ҫ빬¶֪˼٣кηԸ
Ӵʹϲ񲿹ܣΪҲعڱϥ΢΢һЦӴʹ빬ҪҶķ·ɣ
ӴʹɫһæĪ֪벻ߴͽ̰
Ӵʹ˵ţһЦҲ֪Щڽ̷˾µ˲ףʱǹؾص£Ҳѱڲ֪ˣţ
ºǺһЦˣûʲô·ҲжɽĻᣬǷĿʮеĵһ
Ӵʹʮ𺳣ʮֱԾȨȨȨͷȨǷ⽨ʱƶȵĺģʶΪ֮еһıȴӦûھȻ󲨣һ֪
ºȻʶԼʧԣæһˣ³͢ɢȥ
Ӵʹæǣл˵㲦¹ף
µ˵ͷֵղУ㲦һֵ˸ϣ̫ȥ˹һլӣеʹЩ
Ӵʹ̫̫࣬͢˺ȴǾںģһô˵ϴӦǣ¹ȥ죬ѡЩģ˵ġ
׵ţиҶСˣǹүָҪģ
ӴʹһȴѯԵɣֻǣ¹ף

Ө͸İ񱭣оҺɢĵɾٱһѲǵһ⻬ѷ𵭵ĺΣգգ۾ƳǣĴЦ⡣
ƵĽɵƣŹǰһֵ̿ҶСֻ֮⣬Īڴˡ
һԱҶСˣֻ˱Ǯٻȥگ￴ҶС챻ʱǻ⣬ܴͲдճģѪϵĲǿƶϳһˡ
ۿһĻʵźǽתٻɼĻڿҶС쳤һģһҶСηηعǰ˾񿴵ҶСͷ
ôڲźأŹ°ͣ˼һ΢΢һЦҶС֪˭𣿡
ҶСŵһ£սսص֪֪ǹү
һЦʣ֪ΪʲôҪҵĸ𣿡
ҶСͰ͵صӡӴʹү˵˵Сãǡù˸ȱˣС˹˸Ϻú£̺ùүҪڽ̷˾ۺһ򱶡
ЦеصûӴʹ˵ǶԵģҺҶС죬úأˣһúչģ
˷ЦҶСϴһĨҪģȴֲ֪ı飬ϻ̳Ͽֵؿ
˿ЦţЦᶼҪˣſͣ£ϢΣָؿҶСһ䱾Ϊūģ˭
ҶСҡҵӡӣֵܵһҡ
ôҶһ˶򷢹ˣתһ֪ȥ˻ӴʹҲ֪ΣĦֺ©ԸɴҶһӶ
Ҳá
ָһתžƱǱ̵ľҺ룺ֻĥһҶСͷ֮ޡҶСңҪϵļͣҶСĵҲҪĥȪ֮²ðҶС
˿˿һ̻󲻰ҶС˭ҶС쳤һģһأԶΪūΪ澰ɣ
뵽һ͵¶ǣȻãȻһҶҵĸϣһҶСλѺúչǵġȥɣĪʳһ峦θһõСʦ㶯
ҶСȵصүСûвѽҪʲô
˸ոһƣʱٱؿҪլ̺򣬲ôɣ̫͸ҵ˻²ʮˣʹð
ǻʵۼԱʹģʵۡȵȣݱ޴Ȩ̫谮̫µĻ¹ٱ㲻Խˡڴ˻ϣ˱һ˲˵֪
˵ʱˣѾ˴ྶͥû̫˻źǰᣬҲ뾡취ĥҶС족ƺˡ
ҶСʧɫ޺үҲ뵱̫࣡Ҳ뵱ûӵ˰үүСֵо𣿻үְ̧
һ䡰ûӵˡ̼ɣڵһվаϺݺһ裬žһը飬ҶСŵüæһͷƬϡ
ؿһĸֵܣֵܣʵǲ̫Զˣоɣϧо꣬оɺޣ
һҶСƽЦһץסҶС죬ҶСͷͰ͵ؿ
ҧгݵصΪݣ̫谮ȡ˭棿ΨǶܣѱ˷ƿӺң֪
һС񣬹ΪݣٹٶҲһأΨֵ裬ƽδ֮£֪
˱ѿ쳾ΨӨӨһ飬˭ȴܺᵶᰮ֪ںΪ٣ǧԶȥȾּ¡
Խ˵ԽǰһɸҶСƵڵأҶСָɣԭҶгѵѵҼ˴٣ȻȻ
Ц㻹
һץҶС죬ǰЦǻʵ۵ľ˸׸ʵҩҲñŷ˻˯ҩ
֮Զ̫Ҳֻе⣬ĵжֵܣ޲ɼΪеСܶԸ𣿺ߣʩСƣͽ֮
ӢŤţҶСЦҶСµصԭˣԭˡ˵˵ţӺȻŭҲ侲¶ļڽ֮ɫ
ϧЦδı顣
ɿЦŵͷ뿴ҶСı飬һͷͼһֻԽԽȭͷӭ顱һɵԴ͵һ£ؿҶСıѪ¡
̡߲һ浹ˡ
ҶСӵָһһֻСûɵ塣ҶСϵĳģûҲ˵ȫǱ˸ƵģأҲˣ


49 
Ǭ幬ڣҶС޹վڴϣطһ飬ſʵֻΪ˽Եζѽ
ҶС֯ػϣκصʷʱ˵ʱΣϾݴΣڼύһѡʱֵϴ꣬ˮģУǰѱ취ļ񣬳ǳЩ⡭
ʵɫ׵Դ֮ѱǹ
ҶС׵л£ǰѣϾٻӵܣһӵܣ֮ͣʱǰҲļ֣ȴΪ볼磬ڼ˫Щ顣
үʱϾסɽǰݽ񣬹˰ŹݣЩٻӵܣļ棬ʤ˴ʧ棬Ծʹ볼˹ڡ
ʵ۵һЦݼĹټűǸ룬ǵӵܵȻҲμҶСֻѾʱǸʲô档
ҶСֵ֮󣬹үղǰعɣƫ̻ة첮ģγ֮첮°ܣ¶̰У֮ززˡүɨأְ׮㵽΢ͷϡ˷ݣ˼ɺޣš
ʵҡҡͷһˣΪСԹ͸ð֮䣬Ϊĵ̫ˣѧڼ񵭣˽֮о֮磬뾹һرСˣ
ҶСõصΪʱЩˣֻϰԴˣɼûзԼҪʱΪԼҲϿʵվòżģ
ʵͻȻžΪʵۣҪΪһ㱻̫ϴʺϲؽʱΪ֮׸Լأȴ׸ҪȴȨĶнʿ
ʵ۵ʱ֮⣬ûаԼ̬ȱֳϾĬҶС޹׾ѵʾʵȴûƺڵȴʲô
ãһڹ̫ŵؽǬ幬ѲŲҿʵƺڵͷ£ȴطԸɣ
̫ظŽżСǰǰһϸūߵү
ʵ۰·£ʵʲô£
̫༱æ̫£
ʵۺǺһЦҶСúܺãһȥɣٳ֮ʣ뷷
ҶСһæݵߵлʶ
ʵ۾ٲ뿪޹ּ޻зԸ
˵ţŲȥԶʵ۵ſڴڼݴ
ҶС뿪ʹڹſڵغѭ첽ӭҶС첻ѯʣ΢΢һЦûˣǻȥ˵
˹ǣ֨֨¸µŻѩ̲ȥҶСѺƤùЩλϣ˿ڽگеһĻָǰ
мǸ˻̧ͷ΢΢һЦ¶һڽ׵ݡ
ñסСƹӳµĲ֣ҶС컹һ۾ϳǵӡҶСѿھô㣿һ仰ڣҶС֪ʧǣæݼӣﳼҶС죬£
ǺǡʵǳǳһЦԼˣ
ҶСһæϣǣԩֻǡ
ʵЦ⣬˵޲Ϊ˵ҲþΪ۾Լ벻ʲôҪıޡ
ʵժ˷ñ˫֣դȻ˲ӣԶϹѾſڵأɸͷ̧ˡ
ʵ۵˵ǱЩݵ˾ͼ޲ܸʲôأٺôҲһϮ˾˾֮λδ֣ƾʲôΪѵ޸г𣿡
ʵҡͷһЦֵ˵ҰĲʶ£һ֮λ翵ŵֵֵֿɵõĺôҲۣɱޣһʵֻۣ»ڻλ϶ء
ҶСĵʳƣܵƶȡҪ˵ɱһʵۣһʵۣҲܺʶɽΨ浶ǹһһصȥ⵹١Ϊʲô˵һʵۣλϣѵΪʵǲͣ
ҶС쵽һˣȻʵȺ֮ìͻ
ʵתҶС죬ⲻǳڹݷ棬Ǿǳڳ͢볯й±󾿾ܣ޺ܺ档
ҶС־ϲʵʵڴЩ׳ڹ͢ɸ˸Ļǣڻ޷ظǿӢ䡣
ҶСҲΪֻǻһλӣƭԲŰװӣͶá˳룬ȴλӾȻǸɲ⣬治̫ĵ̳ĵӣ˵ԼαװҲ类λӿƣһֱϷء
ϲǣʵ۵ĻԼͼ߱⿴յһپΪλӣһЦҶСݵߵлʥʥ
ʵ۵ǣ˾˭кδ㣬ʼ벻ǵĿ겻ޣ㣬ӦȷɵġҲˣ޲ܷǵĿģ
ҶСֳһʧϡ
ʵդǰվ΢ЦʱϲϷдӣݸ޿ءϷݵĲ޳һΣ
뵽ҶС쳤˿ȻϣĻֵĿĲǻʵۣʵ۵ĵɱ
ǣѾףֻϳ˾ˣʵΪΰлʵĸΪ飬ϳ̫֮ͣǰּͰ죬Ҳù̫飿ʵ۵̬ʲô㣿
Ǭ幬ڣ̫صʶ˸ֻһʱͿʶĹɡ
ʵˮһԲ
̫ʶǹˣһģһپ٣һô˺㡣˺㣬᲻ϧһбءΪȻԣվǶ㻳ж
ʵĮصԣ˸ͿԸҩͿޣ˽𣿡
̫˸Ȼ˴ΪЩľ˹еĴҲ𣬳͢г͢ƹأҲҪֻҪһ
˵̫Ứе
˵λ̫ǼһһŮӡһ˵ŮΰǸľ̫ڳ¼Ѿ¼ҹ޸ԣ̫Ҳ޵ԣ
Ϊòԣ˷ԣ˸ӣԣ˻ʵۣҲĸƾӹ󣬳˹ڳºһֱӣĶӼ̳˻λҲ̫
λ̫²˫֣뱣²̫ž˳ǣΰѳųСʵ۵ĸʵη֮绢ȴշҪ̫˼գܲΪ֮ˡ
ĸĿкᣬҲһ漴ӲĳǿԼǿӲȥĸ󣬾˸Ĵϳ;˸ԷڣշŹ˸֪ûЧ¾˸Ȼɥѵ͸һ˰ڲĿܻʵۣ
ѡ˰ڲĿܻʵۡ仰ҧرأ̫󱾾ʹ˻ʵ۵˼
գ̫Ƴ٣ڴз뱣žʵҲϾͷϡϾӣеѡ
̫ȨʵҲûб˼ֻǵٹɣɽȣɶȻô밡
žѾˣȻʵ̫ӴˣʵѾ࣬ž൳ûϴϣ뱣ǵˣ̫ϵĴ̫ȴ̫࣬˾ᶽӡʡĴ̫࣬ĸҪȨţ
Ȼ̫ܾܾûоȨҰģУԴžͷ뱣̨Ҳˡʶ԰ܵҪЮܾܾȥ길׹ʱǧչ˺׵ܣĸѽ
̫뵽ʰ䣬ȥߵˮʵ۵ѳˣҲԷˡֻҪĹ˸һԸӴƹŷΪٲˣ
ʵ£֮µȭͷһ߬ˣ󵳣Դ˲ӣ


50 ɽ
߳ʱһɡ˶Ϊ߸ϵľӵ£ȡܡ˭֪һʵۣж٣ǣж١
ɽжߣӰж󣬻ʵ۵ߣıࡢԶ࣬СֻܿΡΡɽȴע⵽һߵӰ֮ڡ
ԭѹɽ̫ҼǷ˫֣ͷĸ̫ڣɽѻҷҼɽǨȥϣֻʣͷɽˡ
ʵжȥĴɽʵѾ̫࣬Ҳһꡢʮ껹Ƕʮ꣬ÿ첻͸ϵ޹𴲣һС֡
еѹȴʼղԼТܶĸΥ棬͢ĴΨĸ֮ǴӵģҲâڱڣڳ׵ؽˡ
̧ͷǿգǳƺҲգЦ·һ־ժõЦˣЦǬ幬һ
˸˰ϣ֭Ѿȴʼδһ꣬ϵҲû㣬ֻд͸΢⣬·һʯ
ɰ˼⣬ܵļƻ޷Ĳ裬ΪʲôҶС˾ͲӣΪʲôʵȴ
û뵽ƭͿʼˣҶСƫƫиһģһֳѷ뾩ҶС˵ȫ̼ƻʸڷϣʵۻ
ɺòģ֪ԼְˣܵһͿءſˣҹѩ˽ӣûжֻǳȵȰˣҲԣ
ſڵû˵ֻһ߹ӰҷĳģӰ֮СɿӰͷϵ״ɴҵ״ȻһٿȻŤͷһͼһ˱ſڣһĹ˼ϣһ⡣
һϸٿϳ״㡣ߵߣƵƵ£ĹӳӣһӾϳָʹ޹
ͷʱӹһ˿⣬ֻڻʵһˣΪʵۿһԺĹν׾ʱ򣬽ָʹ룬ңζʲô
ؿ޹лһ˿ңǻʵ۵ľ˸ҵĽǻʵ۵ĸףҸû߱˼ʵ۲ôģ㲻Ӳģ
ѧν鵭ͻȻ֣ԭҲǸӣԭʵôķŲ£Ų¡޷Ų£Ų£ظԿơ
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ΪԼ򶨣仰ڣɳӣ˻µҪ޹̾˿һ̽һ崺ժһš
ꡱһ죬ȴһף͵һϡҪ
ɵ쳣նһֱΪԼߡףǲͬ˵ɣڱ˼ָԭΣѾҲάǸ䲻׵ˡ
޹û˵ֻժµ֣Իһꡱش˼£ְѵֿȥĹ˷䡣
ԭںڰУɻǿάּǿģ˻ͦεģƹһǱˡҲװȥˣ͵վȥҪ̫Ҫ̫󡭡
̫ӴǱ𣬲£ˣ޹һ仰һöӣɺݺݵض˵ϣתؿ޹Ź
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޹΢Цһհ˵ΪΪ׳ҲӹƲõģТʺΨ̫ΪģΪͱصȴԡ
޹ָָֻֽҪ˳ϵ˽󵳣̣ҳϾͻῪҡ࣡
󵳣̣ҳĬĬŻʵΪѡػȻ򡣻ʵҪô´£Ѻ󵳺͵·״Ĺемһ򾡰
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˫Ĭƺ֪һ־սϳʲô£ֻ˫ԪҪЪЪǾͲԼͬذһߣô¾͹ͬ£ֱһ̲סٶ׳⣬˫ˮڿô£ĹЩ״ļȷһ
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ųصĽŲ߻ȥдְֺεһȻڡϡƸԱʷФ塢̲塭Щ˶ǹļȷ档
һȻû͢Ļ¹٣͢Ļ¹ҲǻʵۼūҪѰʵ˭˭ҪκɡʵۻŹ᣿
Ȼ̫ѡǱ𣬲¡󵳱ȻҪһˡɱ˵ر۾¡
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͢ϴ͢Ҳ״Ѫԭ̫׷λҶһ㱻ɨ֣˾λ̫෢Ͼֲˣʮļ̫໻ˡ
˱ȥλûң̫飬Тĸϣ׷˽ᵳӪ˽֮뷢䣬Ҫ䵱ɽУʵãֻ׼
µУ䵱ɽ͢ĹϵΪУ䵱ɽѧдζֻܿһģҲֻгˡ
һϮۣʮġ͡뿪˱ǣפĬĬ첮ģΪ֮ɡȥ䵱Ҳûлˣϣ©֮㣬Ϊұѩޣ
үʱˣ·ɣһ̲סǰߴһۣû˵ֻһͷ
Ȼһ֧ӴĳӴӳһۿ֧ӣĿݣβˡ
ҶСĳӣѱʵ뷷Ϊ˾ⷵعˡڳͷμɷҶС죬һʱζӳ¡
˸Ķû빬ˣвĶǻͣԭˡ
첮ǰøոս˾ֻ࣬һۣô΢ݣ˵Ȼ̫ͨиһ̫࣬ʵδɺˣʶĶ֣ǡְ͢λȱ˽λڳĵͽ׻¹ְλҲҪίһڹټ䱡ְλ
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ʵǸС٣Ǯֺر飬ѲᲾùϸһ飬ĿȻһϣ߸߰һ߸ߵİʵΰ
̫ϻ˵ˣзǳˣæǷػϣū澲ѭ˵ͨף覴ãνֵǣ
ʵɴӺδһ鱦񣿺ߣ˼˹صĻ¸ȻŻ׵˼ôûԩ
ʵ۸ոɨ͢͢ޱ죬һ뵽ǿߵ񣬲ɦվߣȥһƣⷽ񾿾Σ


51 ǿСǿ
ڹټ̫ҡԿףСشӲرŻһתʵ۱ڼ̫Ĵӵ߹һϽ·һܣƹˡ
Ϊʵֻ·ûǰ񣬵һ̫࿴ʵ۶˼䣬骹ڵϣͼһƮȻǰͣסˡ
ǲر򿪲رҪ
ūּ
骸Ͻߵ˸ͷ߶߶ȥšͷһԱߵ첮ľһƿӶʵڵص£룡
ʵ۲ر˵ʵҪӹ˸û˶Ͻ·رССι״ı࣬ǲż״Ҳǧ֣Ա㴢Щ
תŲżܣͼǰŲżһŴСĸӼܣһֻһڲŵĶ
첮ǰʵڣһȥˢһ³˺ڲʵǷ£ǹ˸ϳû˶ˡ
ѽ񣡺񰡣
ǰڲʱ첮һ΢΢Ц˭ڻʵǰڣûԵı£ֻûõġӾ񣬵骰Ѻڲһϳǰȥȴһϸǰ
ãð֣֮֬ס滨סѩסǰססǰסװסҰסҰ׵ȣ֬Ϊϵȣ񣬰˳ϵĲֶ֬񰡣
첮ļʶ㷺ֻҴһͿŪѧʶˣƣʵϸ塢֬󣬾̡֬ðƷ֮ס͸ϸ֮Ҫ壬мƷ
̫˰뱲Ӳرֻ֪ҪСģ治ЩһʱֻĿɿڴЩ̫ȻǴ鷿ģʶĶ֣ѧʶ͢ĽʿǲǶǱ鷿Ŀĵģ֪ⷽʶȴҲȽѷ
첮ĵؿʵֻۣӮӵһͣ˭һȥȴǰİ˶ĿȻƺû˵ʲô
һ̫ƲƲ죬˰֣첮ڨȻ˵һߣ̧ͷһʵĿתֻӻǰȥ֣ƺ븧ǵӣָŴվûиȥƺŪѩ͸ա
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̰ĿһشǾƹһ̬˶һḧżͷգƺոԡˮ˿ϻ׺žӨˮƵġ
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˿̾˵ʵ˵ãⷽ˵̲Ų̣ˡֻǡ
ڻǰ쵽ϣ˫۾ظ覵ԵصϧѽŮֻӦУվǹİˡ
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첮һ죬Ͱ֪ŮԵƵϣ߶ֱӲ˻ȥ
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ɫŮһģ÷ôЩĹأǼֱѵһһʵ۵Ļ˼ɫӹӹѡ
ӨӨǾʵǸûլСһܲ⡢ΪˣҪͻȻˣεεػһ衭ಡһݺȥ׹ż֮Ҫء
ʵȲش첮ĵĻҪ˵Щûõģ˵ʲôˣ˭ηϣ
첮һϣŴػϣŮӨӨǹϣĸǵ˾
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ʵ૵ظһ飬Ź˫ͻȥһûʧģӦǰȥݹʱλɣӦþ̣֮ŮѼ˸
˵լкòѹŮ񰡣Ϊ̫
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ҶС첢֪군ȴһֻǿСǿڻֻСǿѾڻʵǰһҩһ·£ȻƼɽųȴ죬Ϊĸײˡ
ֻ̫̫Ǹƽգľĳ棬ȫұץΣ˵ǷҪųն̫̫ŵòСȻܿת򣬿̫̫һģֱųΣҲ뷷Ϊ˾ŷġ
һһϲ̫ټ䣬̫̫Ȼ˷纮ͷӲŲϸ鷳ҶСҲǴЩȻûз֡ȵڶűݷָ
һʼ̫̫˵òأ·ҶСҲ͵棬ֻǸﻻõĳӣӣٶȴߣ̫̫纮֢֮ȴʱʱʼղͣ
һ·Ͽ˲Уץ˲ҩ纮֢֮Ǵܺ𣬷治ǳһ͸ܺõģ̫̫ĲԽԽˡ
ҶСۼˣغѭҲ֪ͭǱ߲ܾ룬ھѾ̫ã˲ȥ̫̫Ѹߣܲǵͣ뵱ҽκߡ
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ѭ˱ʡͨ飬̸ʢصصҽҲǼġ⣬ҽ㡢סǶòҲǰ̽
ҶСһ㶣һʱûӦ˵㡢ǡ˵ѵǻ˺ŷˣǾȻסôʱǶôδ𣿡
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ҶС𱸵˾ڴˣز˵Ŷ룬Ǿ̫ʧˣ
ѭűӿЦĵţĻΪҽԸôҪҪͣ£ҲŲء


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˵ļǣչ꣬ǱУԴҵȾӡĳԸһǰȥϴˣ̴ƣڽⳡ
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ص£̲СѾʵأ
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ǹ´үҶ˵ϾģҪطݣ˵أݷү
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߻˵ҶСҵүӺϷҲˣæǰΪҶû³뻨ҴҼһ󣬾ǰõĿջˡ
ѭ˵æԼϵļȥӱҽһλУǰջΪҶĸΡ
ҶС쵣ĸײ飬Ƭ̾ǣѭǻ÷ͬʱ£ɲһֱŽ٣ѵãôҲһԱˮƲźãѭ켫
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Ҷһʵ̫࣬ϱҪ壬վȲ˾ǣûκһҿջɵôˣ֮£ҶСԱֱסļҿջҶҶĸɩȻסõһҡ
ҿջСջԶһɽջ־ɴ˶׿ɲ˵Ҳŵĺܡ
ҶѰλҽ˿ջҶϷ˿˿ʵּ۳Ͷ˷纮ֻҩһʱҲò
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ļұȲˣǣûܸ㣡
ڳݲض˶پƱĭӶ絽ҶСϣʧǵ¶ѵʱǾԸɲġҶСЦĨ˰ֻܵͷǰǰ
㲻øĿףܼҶСһĭӣҲǲģ֮⣬ŷ˼˼ģ
ӣѪ۾ҶС죬ƺҶСֻҪԷҪȥҶСĲӡѭЦõصˣ㡭
һ߶ȥýô㣬Ķһѭڨڨزˡ
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ҶСϽ벻ͨͲҪˣǺȾơ
һɣһڵͨˣ
ҶС澪ϲص𣿰ѽǿá
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ҶСϽ˴ԣඥСéٿ
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ҶССصС٣ϴ޳ͻȴ֪˿иͷô׳꣬ϸĻϣܵݣǰӣٹһգ
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Ŵ׾Ƶʶ롣
ھٰʯ䳤˾ٲ˾Ĵ֮
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˾飬غؿƼԶơȵءںؿԶһֻ½Իϵüϣ죬Ѿһ죬ھеС
ĿǰΪֹ⣬ܼҾҪ˵ţԼѼˣƳ֣ǡ⻹ֻǱطΪƧĹݵطһλС˾ʱӻĲȻͬʱӢ۹Īˡ
ΪһŵذɱȨ˾иϰߣŲ˳ˡϣ˼ʮִĸˣרų
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һִĸˣŲ˾ţ˾ˣˣִżҲȵ棬˿
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ϲԺլݣ޳Сľ̡ʯʵظ߹Ʒ˾ͤ¥̨һɫĺԺܻʮֺΰһ¥һף¥嶤㣬мľľмԸ¥߶¥ġ
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ϸҶСԸΪ֮Ӧƶһƻ˵ǼƻʵֻΪԶָһ˲Ϣ䣬ӦŲһʲôԶָֻһֵķ򣬾ȫȨŸԶ
ҶСͭѳɣһ֪ݵϸȴֱתͶҶС컳ڬBã˲ڴˣǰѵصѡͭڵʯ䡣
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յʤߣȻҶС죬ȻµĲԡǻΪҶСӮǽĲΪվҶС챳İүӮսŵ˭뵽ǡܲʤһնļƻ
ԶԽԽģͬʱҲΪıԶǶġ
ӣҶСͲϣ֣ͺսʱֱӽ֣ԷֲһСӽһļмƣı簲Ϻ꣬Ҳǲõġ

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ջǱ˵ˣ˽ǧ׳ʿǣȥˮɽϵƬ˹ȡƬϿȱû֣ڼҺ˸֣ȡ־ǧ˼
ԭ֮أҲû˰¶ǸկռƬɽȣܱ߲ľ衣ں͸ҴһӣʾûˡڬBúҶСܣҲģڼկҲʣٻڬBһûˡ
żңǲˮɽм仹һڼկأһկפ˹ȣĿȻʯ丮ͩͲðѡʢĸկڸҲװơ
ˮɽǱչҺҡֵܶԸկĶȻ裬ֵڳͻܼңϾˣҲֻȥʾһ¡С
ڼֵһף޳¸ȸΪ齣ľΪݣվĵƽ˸ɽկǲ˸ôһǧȫԺְÿֻɳ֮һϷɵġܵġˮεġﳤһͨޣԱ֤һǧ˵ʳ
Ȼ˵ĻҲǳ֮ƣôԷΧɽķᱻԹ⣬ɽƶ񤣬ʺֲׯڣֲˡֲҩɽǿԵġ
ǣһǧ׳ʿũѱţɽկֲҩɽæòɿȵվ˽ŸһյصҪʽݺڼֱԾԾԵضˮɽ
ǣǺչҡҡڼҲͬ˼ۣٺˮɽйϵûУһδʦıҶôûɿԴɣڼֵ˵ⶼ¶


55 
Ҷֻ̫̫Ƿ纮鲻أ죬ҲͿˡͣÿշҩЪϱˣ齥ɫ˼Ȭ
ҶСĸ׵ĲѾˣȥУͭǱʱŸոȶҪķĲ¡ϵ˻Ȼ˸գҹ¸Լүʫ֮ȥˡ
ҶС쿼һ£ԥٵȵȻֱȥʿ˾ٰʫϴһ£ѭѴصˣǾ·ɣﲻõģѾͽкˡ
ҶСҲáϹܼңҶĳڷͭʣǾ˻˵һ˵Ҷĳˡ
ҶСһֵУתˣ˵˴ʢʹ꣬ϧˡлᣬǸĺãҶĳϣϴǰԵһͬ£
ҶС˵ѭ졢һ뿪ˡڲ᷿ҶСһ뿪˿
ԴҹһֱѰҸɻرҶС졣ˣ־ѣֻΪԸԭ˵˵Ļ޼ɵ˵˳ȵԼʱı֣ȴЩ޵ݡҶС뿪ӲźÿЩ
ô
Ǹ没˵ģڹԱĺݶȿǵ͡ڼ䣬ʶһλʫǰλǰһλϵĳ٣ιɣ׸ʱе껹ܹλǰΡ
һĹ˶ǹ٣ΪϡϣְΪϡλǰһλϼԻкøУ·븴ѡ
ǡҪҪأ
˼

ڼУ֮ϣһֳ䵶һԲխۡϵСѥڶԴ
䵶ˣѩ衣Ȼ˿ֻǺÿȴֻ˲ſó˵ĵ߾硣
˽ôã˫ıмûзײ˫ãΪǶеĿѾﵽ¯ĵزǵĵҽǰ㲻ĥ˫ãԷһжϣԷҲУЧ
ӴȻŲգ˫ĵ񣬸ʮڵĴ򷨣ӦٶȡӦȱһɡ
ˢˢˢ
еرΪͣ󿪴أԷĹƣЦ˲ˣ˾ΣϷʵûٴȥˡ
ƥƮڿյĵһͣǽҲͣסеЦģΪҵ˶Һ졣Ǹˣ죬Ŀ壬װڬBá
һ³ĵ۹֬ޣڸոն֣Ϸһ죬ġڬBһףǵһߣוּһУ䳡Ա߱ŵĵ֮ڡ
ڬBöԸոеİʦֻˣԽΪܣٻЩδĶ֡
ȻİĻţ䳡ϣڬBΪʦ񾴡İҡͷЦӹǶȷʵǲȵ꣬ϷȫʢʱڣҲ˾ƽ֣˾ʵϷƽѧġ
ڬBǳЦʲôġֻױΣ֮УԿϱȱ˸ӳԿϰˡ
ڬBڵܺãҶС˵ħҶС뿪֮ڴͭʣֻܸߺܡˡʱһ˾ǵĹϵڼҵ
ڲڼҺֵѾ뿪û˳棬˾żҵѹס˵ҶС죬ھͭʵһˡ
ЩŮ˸Լ֮£ЩŮȴδءڬBþͲԸ⡣ⲻոõߵУ䳡߶ϣں͸һĵϢ˾Ҷƹٻˣվ͵ͭʡ
ڬB΢΢һЦݶʱʧʵէһ˵ҶСԵظеϲǴӹɢĻϲһɲǼһӿȫսĸо
Ըϣռ֮ҶСҲͬʱ°ķģҶС뿪ͭʵЩӣһιԹ֪ҹλأճ˼롣
ȻҶСͬͬиԲͬǺĹϵ໥뾺ĹϵԼΣԸΪҶСĸڼҵ档ʹ쳣ìҶСֿܣֻرܡ
ڬB˼Щ㱣İ̲סʵ˾ҶС󣬻ڼ𣿡
ڬBһ̾û˵
ںҿ˾ǡǸˡ
ڬBûصһۣ죡
ںЦԶԶԣ죡˾ҾãҶСǱߣȫõģ
ڬBҪʲôûҵԲԴҶС⣡˵˵ڹһлܹǹƽ̽һ뻯һڼҽ
ڬBΪںҪҶСصؾǳڹҲã˽ҲգĽš
ں˾ŵ̬еЩ֣˾˵ĵһܴ󣬸Ӧ̸ײ뻢ıƤȻ壬ôηҶС죿
İؿڬBһۣܿջĿ⡣ںû˵ҪɱҶСţ˵˾Ҫͭʸһ˾ıҶС죬־ɲͭʣ˾˲ͻ
ڬBôһ˵־ͭʣкݣ
ں⻹Ҫʲôݣɽһǧ꣬ɽͱռˣô죿㿴ϪһأżҲűˣҪϪȥżҸƴ
԰Ψһİ취ԴɽΪţһ飬һ飬һļʧضޣļҶݲǲվסţ
ڬBòؿһۣͷһ뾹Ҳͷԡ
ںЦ´ҶСĺˮɽ֮ʺɽȣøկ˽ǧʿȥʲô⻹ôǵȻʯ丮չ
ںǸֺӣⲻ̫ӣһ۾Ϳ˱ʡڬBȴ̫ͬ΢΢۾ѵפˮɽ֮ϣΪռˮɽô
ںˮɽ󲻼٣ɺ߳Ŷ鷳˵կʳũߡ˺ööණȱǮ𣿹ɽͷһҲп˵ǸֵǮĽǳ±ˮɽ֮ϣΪһˮɽ
һǵڬBһ⻹ǹңΪ̫ںֻ֮䷢ͻںôһ˵ڬBòܱüëôС־򣬻Ϊҵĸ̫СǿڳԵ˼Ҷϵȴұ֣
ҵҸᣬ˽̽̽ĵ׶
뵽ڬBĪĿ


56 
Ҫȵ˫ϣ΢΢ǰ㡣ãҪƹһЩ׼ţ
ƣ
һ֦׼ȷаӣָ˵ŤͷĽϰʦƷɣƷҡҡͷҺҪ⡢ٵȫηɣȻܿͻоƣʮĻ־ˡ
ǣʦǸѧϰŹƷʩ
Ʒɵͷһѧȥ
ƷɺϲڵԭǸɽԻһ׵ļǲûʲôλ
û˭ϣԼͷأѧжˣҲûжܿšˣǳȥ֮ڹٸڵ̿ƹ񣬶Ǻǰ̵ˣЩ˶أΪ
ȥˣҲںŴ󻧼ıһϯ֮أֻڴˡҵΪһ缶
˵Щѧڶػֻϵߣϵ㣬ôЩһ߳ȥͭݵʱӵж
ԣƷɺϧݲʹڵӷǳģҲӮѧǵľءǽ죬ƷƺеĲɣʱʱľŤͷһƺڵȴʲô
Уѧ͵͵ﵽ˷ɽǽǸǣԱ߾ԺǽԺǽͷɽǽгһεĿռ䣬Զһǵ۾ᱻȷ֡
ûˣ㣬𣡡
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ĲҶѵ£ѧױƵĴֻȸ͵͵۵ģѾǸˣѸٰëСƬƶǣҲϴͶƬϣζܿɢˡ
ðЩСӣ˵ϿεʱզһģԭǹŴȸ
͵һѧɫ䣺ëѧ࣡ëѧࣿףأ
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ѧһ̧ͷͼëſڷϣǴӵۡ
ѧڷϣ
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ë˵ţݶվҪС߻ȥȻվסˣִԶţ˭ôųŶţƺģӴ磡϶Ǵˣ
ëǺѹζڷϰȾܣǷбģϱ߻бһѩëһܣؽһһƨϣ³ȥ
ܿ죬У԰ҵĺѧǷ׷£ͼëѧӹ£˫ץڿУеޱҡ

ҶСһ˱Ͳ٣ǰӭӵ˸֪࣬ͩͬȹԱԼͭʸʿӵֵ
ͩϣְλҪҶСģҶСܷΪ˾ҵõһ˾ٵְλҪ֮ͩ¡
ҶСȭͷӲǡǡǽʵĵطҶСĸĸһͭʣͩӭͬų棬ȴҲˡ
һȴûֻĴͷںǰǾڬBáӹķ˵ڼڻҪҶС˵ǺҲҶСΪ˽ĽǶ˵
Сӣû԰ڲͬǰɣͭʸ㲻ҷƵġ㶼ӭӣȼ棬Ҳƨɿ
ҶСһ߰룬һЦͬ˴ţ֪ͩͬ޴ȹһһϣŪ͸ɩͷ֮ʣҶСĿһתȻ
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ǰӭӵˣй𣬻ְֻûְĵغǿͬݵԳһӪȻӪ룬ԵĽޣҶСܿóġ
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ǰɩλǱˣˣǡ
ҶСһܣһֵ٣ٿɻ΢΢һЦǫصӽŷƽ̣Үǰ£
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ҶСŲŷʲôƽ̡˵Ǽ£Ҫάһ磬Ψаǰǵѹƽ̵ԼɽУһɽƾƽּԭʼĽ壬ܲ˻ֳ
ȴ˹ƽ̣˵ƽܹ˵ģѾһǹƽȥ߽гתĹؼڡ
ҶС˴֪ͬһۣ֪ͬƲƲǣһΪȻģ۽ǵĽȴܲҶС۾
ԭеϵǾû֪ͬģǼƽ̣кηչȴ˵ˣ֪ͬܲ辯衣
ҶС찴˼ʽļˣһ˵˵ЦЦҪǰߣԶһ𣺡磡磬ڻ˰
ҶСһ֪ëǣҶС̧ͷȥͼëǴһӣӲ֪Ĺˣ¶߰׻ëǵıܣ޻ڷз衣
ҶСʱ󾽣ëͲһǱȽس
磬Զһ֪ǴˣǼүӡ̫̫ҲӻôӴ
ëܵǰûעһʯһǣʯһ̡߲һ˸ͶشſҶϵҶ¡
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Ҷ˵ţȻ漣شӻһ˹ȥҶ˵ǸֵܰɣӴûϳɣűҼСʮء
̲ס͡һЦ˳̿˺ôЦЦͷ


57 ҹ
ҶСոջǴļͬǰӭӵ˲δţҶСһ͵ɽԼΪҶСӷ磬˱׷ɢȥˡ
ҶСһŸףһĸף˳ص˰ɣǾǼҵլӣߣȥɩһߣ
ѽôլӣô̲ͬǮĳԱҵլӻء
ҶϾ̾Ҷɩ۵صǰ˶˩׮ש̵ģձأ壬լӣʵ
ҶСЦⴱլҲʲôǼںػһլӣⴱլıСҺ˼ţϤһ¹ߣϰˣͰѺǴլ͸硣Ƕߣ̷㡣
Ҷɩϲ⣬лл壬лл壬Ǽҿóôˣ˳˵һ˵õȮ죬ǿմĹ⣬ĸˡ
Ҷɩ˵ţϲز˲۽ǣŤͷԼɷ΢΢ֻǺЦø첲˹ֵ˵ˣҪһլأҲԸ
ҶСΪӺףڨڨصԼֵܣ˵ôĻɶ
Ҷɩ۾Ҫѵ䣬ҶСѾЦ˵Ķԣһˣôס
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ҶСҶϺҶϵ˸һԸոշѾżС˨ЦеصСүǰ߻кöżأūұɡ
ҶСÿΣЦֿףͷԵ˨ǸģϸۣԹԵſ˫ۣҶСӱ
ʱƷҵѸ˻ҶСߣҶСԵЦλƷֵѾ˻Լ˨λСϾҪ޸ëˡҴ㾡ǰѻ°ˣʱǾҪȥˣǼ£ѡһǿ˳۵ģǵø˵һ
һ˵ҶСӶļȴͦţӣֻϣ̫үϷ˵ķۣһ죬¡ѾֱҶС죬סҶϵҶ
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ҶСһ˷ǰԺذׯ԰һ飬ǱΪǰźסŷֱסԡ£׼μϵļ硣
ҶСӱһŶԺԺ䣬Ժﻨľɽãľ¡
Ҷɩһһ飬üЦػصݣͼɷ£˩Ժӷܡ
ҶɩԹ㣬²Ҳ˵׾ġ
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ҶСˣûꣿҵֵܣңҲңҾţѵõлֺãҶСɲô˵¶
ҶСһ˦ӣ߷ߵؽˡҶɩһɸֵӣıӰŭ˵䣬㻹ˣֵܱ£Ӵ£ҶС
˨ܹӵصָѽ
ҶɩͷӣŭɣϲӵԴ˨ûϢɱѧۿҶҳأ常гϢúѧţҲҪһб²źá
ҶСˣգ߷Ȼصң͵һӣͷϡ

ҹɫ鷿ֻһյƹ£ҡҷšԶһյȽȽ£ǰŵһ£һͷҲкƿ˷š
УҶСһ
֮㸸ĸֳһ죬ҶС㵽鷿Ⱥ뻪ƷɡҮСģ˽һͭʽëǵĻҲû˵λЩŵӳֻҪĥһĥЩмֵĶ
Դ֪ͬ۵ͷϵǶñһֱڻΪ˸ҪƽˣԶҶС֪޲ԡ޲յϢȻȫģҶСҪЩϢȫҲҪʱ䡣
Ų𣬷ǳ΢һǣпǵƻ΢΢ҡҷ͸ҶСˡҶС΢۾һ첻¶棬ʲô
ڬBվߣͷװģģǲˬҲһߣǵͭһӭӣ׶ǲǣ
ҶСſ۾Ѳ豭һ٣ҵûб˰ĳ˿ɱ˶үµԣѽ
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һֺõЦģչȥƵҶС챳Ϊż磬ҶС̱ϣ۾㲻¶棬Щ˾ǾãͭΨ㣬еҷͥɡ
û
ڬB÷һϽؽͣ˼룬ʱȥˣҪװģô˼ȥϴԣһҪƵգúôһźȥǰ
ҶСһ߬סС֣СڼĸûѾͷŮūԽԽˡ
ҶСһڬBþͰӴһĻУҶСһֺֻݺݵסӯأ棿ΪҲ֪ҲͭʱЩСɱ̫Ҫ̫ˣǲΪġ
ڬBñýշɺ죬ҶСĶЩֱ΢ʹ⣬ҲȼƵѸٱù̡ڬB˿ҶС죬үۡ
һۡñ߳ģټһĨۣһöҶСĻҶСҧгݵصС
꣡ϵĶ˵ϣ豭ˤ÷飬ڬBðӴһҶС찴÷ϣСһѣβ߸ߵ
ʲôſң쵰ڬB˫Ť˲ӵֱ۴ʱȴŲסƵģһӾȥ
šڬBִӱǻһҧгݵص㡭ͷ¿ӡҶСĳײڬBýȻҧסǻƵĴԲĿҲ΢΢ʪĵķ·Ҫˮ¿ӡͷ¿ӡĥȴĥһ̴ˡ


58 Ļŭ
һҸü
鷿ﾲĵģֻԭʵ鰸ϸ΢֨ãЪҶСȴڬBԵذڻգ
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ڬBôߣŤŤС㻹ȡЦң
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ڬBֻʱڱĵйá˺һߣȾȥССͱ˾ٲôҶСһһãеĶҪˡ
вУȥҾҪеͶˣڼ˾ɲܱˡ
ڬBоǿԼӲǿѾģŤҶСʱȴǸӵҲ֪Ļٹɲ˵滹Ǽ٣˼ҡ˼Ҿǿġ
ڬBôͷصұΪԼⱲӶϲһˣֻ׳ڼҵ˭֪ƫƫȴ㣬Ҳǰԩ
˼ѾˣҪǿҲûҪһͷΪͭʵһ˺ˣֻǵʱĪί˼Ҳźá
ڬB˵ţ̧۾ĵҶСһƳǲ⣬ȵǰҲָܱᡣ
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ڬBõĽ΢΢ؽӲһ£ڰصܲ٣˵ʲôҡ
㶮㵱Ȼ
ҶСĿЩϷʣ˫ƵڬBõιһǣĺβѽҾأͲҪװģˡ
ұʱ̸𣬵ȻģǱ㿪ϲɣãͭʵһ˾Ҳᵲ·ǣֻܲ٣ҵĳŵҲҵҪӦô
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ڬBвĿǰʵҶС죬ҶС־ȻӸԶǾͭһأڬBôһ
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ɣЦҲɣڬBȴܴиоҶСļ֡
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ҶСţɻرĲ̲סصاҪ˭ا
ڬBЦඣҵıˡء
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ҶС˫һڬBӯӾͱֱϣڬBֻҪԴ󷢡Ҫһǹȴࡰžһ죬μģȴǰ˺һǰơ
쵰޲磡
޲ҶСڽޣˣһЪϢѻָԪһҶСڬBòؼУ϶¶һ۹µĴȡ
ҶСм£Ҫҷѷġ
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ҶС죬ڬBúҪۡƺҪɢ˼ƵҶСϣĻҲԸ˵ֻʪӣ˸ѯʵ˼
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ڬBؿػȦӣ⻹򵥣ʲôأΪˡ٣ְ˲ףһĹٶкûȥ죿
ҶСҡͷסҸ硭ЩɥʵǻҲ˰ɡԼֵ˴ϢȻˣԼһжǰͣһˣ̧ͷ
ڬBû˸ƣǰһôأ
ЩãңҲܰá
ڬBõٿ϶ˣȻ棬ҲΪӦҪò֪ڰ鷳
ҶСͰôϼ޻һа취
ڬBĻŭţõģ


59 Լͬ
һµ͵͵عҹУִԲƺһ־ժõҹˮɽʧȥ˰յæµشҹɫУŲãء
Ӱĵˮɽɽкݽ󶴣ҹɽֻˣѾ˯ȥȻǱһ󶴣
Լӵʱ֮ںһӶһСĵ棬󶴣ɽϲȥǱȵķ
ڼҺԷֵζسڣ޵ûзʱ죬ζ̫ˣ뾹Ȼϸۡ
ڼҺǴү̶ӴӱģǶ죬ܷŵסֻУзһֻǡ
Цϸ񣬻ͦ˼
ڼҺ˵ӱܼ죬׷ϣԺ棬ʲôͣһƣĥһȥұӹˣҲȥ׷Ϊò˶ͻԼܻǷʲô£ֽɵӡ
̲סЦ溦󰡣ޣҲ
Цһһ̵ȵľƺˣưưζڼҺ˹ȥˣ
ڼҺ˵ͷĿһĨ׺ݣҶѾӾǻˡʱ˵ģȥͭʼҶˡǾ׼ôãܹһ񣬵֣ñҶֹ
ͷɣãͿҵûп֮ûв֮ϳŵϼһԼĻҵ
ҹǵ㡣
ƿţڼҺķҹﾲĵģҲȴʮֺ䡣˽ƤصĲԼסȥ
һ磬ˮɽڿˡˮɽĹһֱ塣ʮһֱҵĿ֮£Ŀǰʽ˾۴ˡ
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۴ʽΪ˾֮ڲ˼ĸ棬ˮɽȻԼУֵܶ˵˱Ȼ
Ϊ˷ֹ£۴֯һ֧˵ĻӣֳĶӣÿѲɽͷĴʱһ֧ɽͷѲߣȻʮƤԹԲĺɽܹ
ӵһͷĿϴȵվסǸʲôģǰҵĵˣ롣
ʮԻվסŲԶԶضеֵ׷һͷƱɽǿ𣿡
ɶƱǿʲôЦʲôûȥȥȥң
ӵĪ˴Ц˵ǻû˯ѰɣҪһֻСèСɽǻῴһֻƱټˣɽ
ԻǴһ˽һһ߹ɵصǱֵ׷ƱˣɽͷǻȥĶҪɽһң
ӵ˰ѵһᣬȵƨӣҵĿɽѾѣ
ŭѣĪ˰ɣǲֵܾɽϣ
һ˫ԻҲܹһݵصƱƤֵǮ磬Ǽ⣬ǵ֣ͷƱɣ
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˫һԲϣ㼴֣Ѳߵ˵֧Ӳʮ£ȶԷռơһ֣ɽϾͭ࣬·ԮѸٸ
ЩԻѲڣǴĶӣӵֵ׷һ·ۿһӵòӰ㬵طɽϡ
֮䶯ͻгͻССֵѳ˼ҳ㷹Իӵ׳صɽϺ󣬲δ⵱¶ǳ緹ʱʶһβͬˡ
ɽҰʿɽɽˮɽ˹ɽٴͭ࣬޼¡ӵ˶·룬ɽ£ۼзȷҲѸٵķӦͷܡ

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˵ϣԼɽկܸˣǵ˳ӭɽկϣ˴Ʊе㷢£һ˵⣬͸ˡ
йɽ۴չֵ̨÷ͥ񡣺Ҫչ͵Ȼûгɹ͹ҵĹϵȴҲǰˡ
£Ϊ֧֣Ա㿹ⳤ֣òӲͷƤͶ˲ϣ
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ݰ˴棬ʯ丮ռңܼҡͯҺչҡԽǷյĵططĿԽǿݵطԱԳ͢ӰҲԶطʯ丮⽻ͨȫƾˮ·ԷյĻо͸ӷˡ
ˣųʯһؼյĽʱķչĵطѾǼȮ֮šĴСũãɱ󣬾ʵȻࡣ
ʵʵ֮Сг˾ҲûУǾȷģ˴һҳû䣬Ǻȡġ
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ϣȻȻ۴Ķ˾֮λĶ귽꣬ģʱҵĻ˻㣿
ϣ˵ؿһۣ㲻ȡ֮ɣ
һ죬ڨڨصҡ˺˼롣
ϣٺ١һЦսȥصжɷӦ־ô룬кβɣ˾֮λӲǲԵģȸɵ۴ĶΪ˾ЩʱգٰСӡ
ϣ絶ݺһУЦֻҪֽŸɾЩȻɣȴҲû֤ݡʱһѾˣֻյܼ㲻˾˭˾
Ϻһ漴صϣ֣⡭𣿡
ϣαһЦ͵ܣҲ½֪ҿͲ˳ˣǺ֧ô⣬չҺܿҪͲҳΪף룬ʯ丮ֹ𣿡
һʧϣԵ棿
ϣֲ٣˵͸¶˸Ϣ
յ׳İܹHڷ֧֣չΪˡֶʲôµģϣԺƬֵ̣ȥǶˮɽ


60 Ӧ
Դ۴һģĸĸ棬ǿжȡˮɽͺͳֳ˺ƤЩҲܹˣϣһľ͵ĸɲһǣȼһ
᱾ҪȥռˮɽĲ˵Ҫȥˮɽͬ˾үԿݴ壬Щηӡ
һ˵ʯ˾ٲܴүԴ󣬶չҺͲҶ֧ǣʱʿһĿã˷ܣܼұϱһֱˮɽ
˵۴ߣǰʮӵ׳˫ȣó̵ľӻұ۴һɽ˶ˮɽǸоڱͷ⣬۴¥еĴͭӣټȫկ׳£ŭɱˮɽ
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ѽԭηηôڱһҪУҾӪұҲнİ˰ɣǱ̫ιˣӲش󣬺һս
ϣָ߼³çˡԣռˮɽˮɽĿ룬ռ֮һ룬һӵģ
ϣǳ䲻ռˮɽɽƼأʵʱ򡭡
ϣ˵ţһɻ֮ɫ״æҲסȵǰ濴ȥǰһ̽ӱ꣬ɿرǰү˾˾ǰ棡
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̽ɿظϻأ۴˾үǰүƣƺҪֹǰ
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̫Ҳˣ۴ΪǴɡ붼룬϶ȵĺôˮɽˡȳˮɽԮϵ޷찡
һʱ䣬ŭͷ𣬶򵨱۴һ٣ݺݵǣǳֵܣͨˣҵĿɽɱȥǣǵļҲɱɱ
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ϣһЦأ֪ĳڴˣײ߯ҲĿˣǾ͸һɫӭȥ
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ˮɽϣѾȵĴ죬һƥףȵʿѾռˮɽʱڿиɻ֪緢ʲôͳ˷²ĿҲǼⶼѵǲŲ׷ߡ
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ҶСղμͭʹΪٰĽӷ磬ٴձȫҹ˹ͭʷ羰ҶСȫ˳˴ڽ֮ϣԶһСˮһ˹
ҶС춨һվڴͷǸʿأ֪ض£õԼ²װϵšƬ֮ر˻
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ҶСЦЦתɽĬ꣬һܾۣΪģԶҲ۵ϣ
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ҶСҡҡͷˮɽǱͻصϢ˵вϣһв˾֧֣
صǣֵռˮɽȴٳûзӦڼҺ񼣬˴֪̽۴Ӿ·ȴ
ֵܸԲ¼ɣ֣˭һȻвϣĲܼҾ۴ﲻУұͲϣ۴ǣƣҲϮˮɽļƻʱڶ״̬
ҶС츺Ŵһ˵ϣ̰бû˳ǲóȻ˼µġԣϣֱӳԤв֧֣Ӧò٣
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ҶСҼȻϣͷ֧ȨӦûһЩ׼۴ͼݲ˾״͢״ĴöϵĿģ㲻ᱻһסҲô˳
ɲҪ죬üô̵˼ǣ
ҶС΢΢һЦҲ˳ֹֻ߲֮ʾͳ棬ô۴һάȣ֮ԡ
ҶСתأЦصԵ˵ʱ򣬼ƻǿԸıģ


61 Ϊ
ˮɽϣ۴ĴܼǮֵš
һǸιİǶţвϣΪ飬Ȼˮɽռ۴Ҳǲҳģһϣ˺·ҪѪˣʶֻ顣
һⶼԱĹͷ󵶣ɤŶ˭󣺡ֱǷƨ˵ˮɽţһ˵Ǽҵأ˵ˣկⶪˣ¶ô˵
ǿѹŭصүô˵ɾͲˡ˵ǲǵˣʲô֤ݣռǵˮɽ޷ϵġ
ص֤ݣҪ֤ǰɣ֤ݣүӣҵҪȻ
˵һ׳ܵǰүʧٵҵˣӿҵģ˶ѾˡǻҵһͷƤıӣ㿴
׳һָŤͷȥͼ׳̧ѪģʬǮгһͷһҪϹȥ˭ϱһѾס죬
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˭Ҳ⸱ͼƵɽֱǳɽ֣ⷢƺˮɽӺŵͼɽһģһġ
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ˣ˵˵ģ㾿ô˼ˮɽ
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һ뿪ɽͷ̲סڼҺ˵ģ⾿ô¶׼ôãôˣ
ڼҺЦصǲ÷ģǵʱûϵܼѾҲͼı۴ﲻǡȻ˳ֺ֣αнأ
µܼôɣ˵ˣܼҰˮɽ۴ûˮŶ԰
ڼҺҡͷ㿴ܼҺкξٶôûУвܼҺǣƣ۴ﲻҶǶ䡣۴ڣܼҺҲ޷ǳ֡
ɲܼҺҪĶҲˮɽһǷκβ۴ǵæǾͻά壬Ըǡ
ͬĵ۴Ҳôͷ˭˭ͻܵڶ¹ͷߵˣô죿ֻһҪ
۾Ȼףˣ´ɾ߲ûˣֻܰǿӲ
ڼҺһۣ΢ЦΪʲôҪӲҶ˿ɲô롣
ԾصѾ֪ˣԭµѹ֣ôô
ڼҺĬƬ̣̾˿İǰܸһ㲻ԩСӣɱϼһնˣ


62 ָʯ
ȵˣߵøɾ䡣ϣɵˣһʱάȡǱΪˮɽͼռˮɽʹ۴սǸû뵽ƾð
ѾռˮɽȴʹسߣϣٴҲ֪йˣô죿ʹ˰սƨˣ
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կҲ˵ϣǧˣ˳ιҵٺҲе𣬾Ӧ𣬲ϣҲܳפڴˣҲԼҪ
ԣͳΨһѡ֪Ⱥܻܾܿ˵ʱҲֻӲͷƤǳı޷ƽ⡣
ҶСڵʹҴҸϵȣҲһͬҶСڼҺվǲģڼҺΥ
ȵկǽļι̽ʵ·һⱤĿľΪھ£Ȼ˹򡣵կߵķݾͼªˡ
ҶСʱסǼءڼҺ͸лΧΧ¯һȡůһ죬¯һˮûտ
ˣѾռˮɽôôˣҲšոҶС췢ɧ
ҶСǱȶڼҺҪϲЩΪҰȴûıԣǸõĴ֡ҶСЦЦΧˣү㿴¯һˮûտ
¯ӣãȻǰô
ҶС㣬䷿ûвˣѾ¯ӵĲҲ԰ˮտүΪôأ
ʲô˳ȥ񰡣ٲȻҵķȥõ
ҶСЦصүҲû˲̣ĴͱڴʯûвݣҪȥԶĵط񣬵Ȳǻأ
⡭һԴĴţ˼סһӣʧЦˡ
ҶСֻˮˮ΢΢бˮʼڵϡҶСһˮղհɲأˮտˣȺţʱҲù˿ˣʱٽգ󣿡
ƺʲôʵ˵
ҶСɫҲҪ±ʾ²ǣҪȥˣΪʲô
ڼֵܵɫͺͷû˵
ҶСֵϣԺҲҪʵľһǲϣͻǾҪˡΪƳЩ֤վסô
Ҹոյõ͢뷷⣬Ϳʼ˾̣ⲻǴ͢棿ǸոճɽδȣȲؿʼ¶ˣҪΪ¹У
ҶСЩŲȻģһģڼҺȴԽԽ£ͷ亹˳
ҶСҺæòܼҼʱֽܼʱ˳һˣֵܱȻҪвϣУǰľٶͲ̫עˡ
ڼҺڨڨصˣµĴֵܡ̫ˡڡ
ҶСвܼҰæ۴Ԯض·硣˾λȵʱһˮɽʲôˮɽ͸ڻˮֻ򡭡ˣ
ҶС̧ͷһۣ΢Ц˼͵ģˣʲô⣿
˷ۣΪȻصһ𣿡
ҶСһ岻ͬΪ͢ϣǱݷݵĲҪ£ǳ͢Ҫ档˾ǽʱҲ޻˵ǡ
ҶСԶȻнһˮɽ˵Ҫôֻǲʯһˣһ򿪣ǾҲûɲһˣ

չſӣ۰Ͱ͵سСķ򣬿ص㣬ûУ
㼱ġϵһ黨СΧȹϸСضţӳ߳һժͷϵŵһչ
Ѿõķһضһ׺ͺļһŴʮֹڶɵεģһʴɿڵļһѼӡ
رϡʳģÿһܸӣǾɫ㡢ζҲǾѡͳƵĲζչûжӣˮѾҪˡ
࣬ȳһ飡չЮһ鼦ŽǰĵЮһѼڳ
æųԶֻЦؿСЩҭˣѽһŮңƫȥѧʲôգѧأҲЩ
չһЮ˺ü͵ùģ仰۶չҪˣ̺š³ô
΢΢һתЦص˵ҲǣҿͭλҶˣǲ³ġ
ߣǸûĵģô˵ңҿϲҪ˵ءչӣ˸
һֱעҶСϢ˵ҶСõ뷷⣬ѿʼ̣һչҰݷáչĵȻΪӭȴ֪λĿġչ⼸գƾ߳ĳգչ˿ڸ
ѽͲҪӲˣһף˵͢ѾݷΪɽ˾٣г̣ڸѻͭʡ
չϲˣ漴㷢Լеʧ̬һ죬ͻ£ңҲȥǳԾơ
չĻûΪĵϣϢͨƺΪһѪѾơ˱֣ƵȻϲĻҶСӦúܿͻˡ
չϵոհĲϱ׵˾⣬ϲ׷ʵô֪˵Ҫʯˣ
ЦǡûС
չʱйֵΪʲôһֱʯأһ棬Ϊæһ棬ҲΪƷƹٶչ˵ɣ
չֲںʲô٣ʶʱƹٶǡ
ݸ˰Բںܲںڲͬˣһ˾λչҴС˾Ҳί㣬˵᲻
չʱ۷Ź⣬ϲ԰ôû뵽
ϲķ·ҪסˣȤողǻ˵ںôô˻Ѿȥͭˡ
չһ죬㾡˵ҲûءӲţ˼ȴһӾͷɵͭʣһĻͭ𣿡
Ȼ䣬سʶϷŪͬһĻĻϲŭ֣һһǰĶ޾˼ˡ
ʱԶվչұ⣬˳İ첽ȥ


63 չŮ
ڲܼҲֵ֮չһֱعעšıԸ˵ҲϣңԱǵܼҲ֮չ۾Ͳϣϼȥˡ
ϣҰĲҰĵ˺ܶ࣬˵ЩҰģʵкǲϣֶ̫Ρ̫ûߣңôߵչֽʲô³
һգչͼĸ飬˶Բܼҵľٶģʹ۴վһȱ㹻䣬һʿչߣ˼䡣
չ΢΢Щȣϣ
ӹ˿̧ͷλݺ飬ɢ˰ɣҪһλˣ
ᡢͷ˷׷ɢȥչ۶վڴУⲽ²Ų⡣
ĴչҵʵչƽİͽᣬȴҲԵӦʽӦ˵ţչ۸档
Զӭ˿˫һչ۾Ȳؽ⣺ȣᣬ֪ǲǰʲô·Ըչĳأ
ԶǺһЦæչ˾̫ͬ˾һĸ˵չкηԸġ
Զ΢΢ֱչŮԻҼ˾ǡǲĳǰ˵ýϣܹӭȢΪޣؽ֮á
չ仰һʱסˣԶֿܣûΪ˽סΪ׼ңһˣչۼҪЦ
ӦѾˣһչ֪˾ͬͨˡ֮ͨ檣ʵ֮еݵλǲͬģ˾СһŵĻʵۣĲңˡ
չұͰǴǰ¼ŮǽȻͬġټһ壬¼һŮչҵһᣬû̫壬ֻӴ֮⡣
չҼŮˣϴ˾֮ˣΪݺ͵ĶŮˣ̺̫ǿˣʯ䣬Ժ˭Сչң
չ۵üͷȻѾͷƢֻ֪꣬ǹŪȲŮ죬ҲøҲ֪Ķ˵ţɱ޹ȥ⡣
˵վֶŮŮһ㣬Ǽ޸ŮȥԼҡһ䣬ˣ
չæлףʵչҵҡֶֻŮòȻɡ桭ȣ磬ĸֹڳ谮Ҳöܣⷽ桭
չӣ̽صչĳŮʻδˣ֮˿ѷ֪
ԶͷһЦΪ˴̼ҶС죬ʹȨֶεɽ羡ɽչ˵ף
ȻڴĿ֮⣬ǷҲн˱ڬBתͶҶС컳ͷǾͲö֪ˡԴ˱ֵ÷Ƶʵ޴Ӵ⡣
չ޸ŮȥҶСиƨĹϵ𵽴̼ҶСԶ΢΢һЦʵˮʱǼġ
Զֻ˵ôһ䣬֮ⲻԶʲô磬Ǿһ׻棡ǿչˣ㵱ּۻô
չһȣչĳˡԶʵˣҸͣЪϢһ¡չĳҪĸһ£ҪףҲҪ׼
Զ΢Цֵã¼Ȼ鶨չҾˡӴ˺󣬱˾ǰչҲ׳ĳֻһҳչ˾ɲ˿ĳ֣̿

ⴺͣůˡһϮ£˵֫ɫһᣬ޳ľŵţ·һֻİ졣
ϣһֻӨ͸໨ƿԱ߻һͼ֦ӻߢ¶ˮĻ֦޼ģǰƿб㽥ֳȤ涻Ӱ
廨˺ˣֲ͵ƿлǰʤµŮʤһһʱҲֲˣ뻨ĸա
źȻصˣչһװһڱ˹
飡صض˰ϣչ߷£һӣδ̶֦ʱɢҡ
ҲգֻϸϸüҶһۡչǸزסˣԼͿйˣӲصҲҪҼˣ
ˣϲѽ벻ܳϲƣһ漴üоЦ⣬չһۣûصҲҪҼ޸Ӧ
ЦһӦ
ѿʵӦ׵ģ
չ߷ߵصǰǸר˸ĲҪһԴҩôôͻȻܵҼˡҴ󲮼ֱǷģǰҪҼ޵¹ȥ˵ͭʵһʿҪҼ޵ȥ˵Ӧǭصһܣ֪ǲҪҼ޸ʵۣΪµһ˰
ûչǼ˼Ӧ⡣ӦĿʵ̫ޣ֪ҶСĵϸҲ֪ҶСиһģһֳһʱ֮Ҳ벻Ҫıʲôչʲô
ȻǽҴ˼һȴҲҪ졣ͰҡμҲͬͨһЩ˿ӦҰģʵָ֤ժȴѰн䱸ӦһУǶǱֹֹܵ
ҲͬȻû䣬ΪĴеλ᧿ΣңҪĲȥֹ˭һҶ󣬶ƣ
ԣչʲôҪҪ¶˵ûüֵ˼һδҪǰδȷԼµſչߵӣôˣ㲮ѾӦ˰ɣ
չ߷ߵص᲻ӦܱӦĴȣԼŮȥֻҲ֮ã
仰ڣȻѾԼΪ˵˵һûģ󲮸һ˵ͬˣ˵ڸô죿
һתʵô죿
ңչ룬ϲҳߺòãҶ㵽ȥҲңҲʹˡ
ãֻ㲮Ϊһ֮ѾӦ˼ңҳߣ¸洵ұȻԹ󲮡󲮵ʱ᲻Ϊĸף
չһΪչܵǿĲҵѹȣ󲮲棬չϼǨŭĸףֲõ˵۳Ҳܳܵġ
뵽չˣûɵصǡ˵Ҹô죿ˣչ־һץסӣһ࣬취
εص˼Ȣףֲף󲮺׶Ӧˣһʲô취ء
չĿ⾼ʲô
Ȼ춼ҪϼǸûĶ취ô


64 
ʵ۴Ϊ˾ȵܵʤһ˲ܼҵİ۴ȫǶˡ
ҾӪĳǱӿʳãЩţǼû⡣ǣһֱزô
ۿҪˣҪҪҪɽԣҪȥߢĢҰھҰˣұдɽƤëҪ˳ȥס
һжܵ飬ԾܲϣûдĵعұֻǸӣƽʱɳЩʿɧţűаգ۴ﻹǳסˡ
죬Ѳ߶Ӹո뿪һյĹ֮ʮһ嵽ұ¡˫ݵĻ֮󣬳˳һֻ𣬰ȥ
أǴ۴ѯʹԻڿ󶴵⳥ġ۴һ⣬Ἰ
Ȱˮɽȵ뿪֮󣬲ϣȻȡˮɽ۴ʱ򣬶ֻͽıԷͼֻܱ֮Ų߹սơ
ˮɽδȡأǷȵծ⽻»űծ۴ܲٸн
ؿ۴ѿɫ΢΢һЦ˾Ϊµĳ²ѽԵһúа֣˾ͲҰ𣿡
۴һɫѿˣԭãҪչºȴҲڱߵѡ
۴չҹϵΪУչͷϺԼĴ㣬ͷϣԣչδǸӣ۴ѾֻһǰȥԮչ۾ǰô죿
۴ĴǮ仰ͷȴһҲ˲ùأһʵұںأ
͵ؿһۣǸˣ۴һݰĻ¶ɲ̸
΢Ц·ϣԵ֣ˣͼı졣ҸկҲǿ۵ġկ˵˵ˣúǵҽߣڣھ£ԸկĺԸǲӵġ
¶һկ֮͸Ƶģ߾ͿϰεԼɵȴΪ˴򱧲ƽկ͸ɲˡ
˵֮ǰռˮɽʱǸϣҲãǮĿ˹ûʵĹؼȻô˵
Ǯм˼ţصկĳҲǾˡøկӵΪұĿһ֮£ұûбʾȻկǰҲýȴ֪ұԺկʩԮ֣
ҡȣкҶСһհǮô˵ͲˣΪ˺ôҸկǲΪ˳һһģ
۴ʱҲѹζͶ·ʱȫǿУڲһЩҲʼһĪչˣۿ˾֮λҲлᣬвϽץסĵ
۴ԲӣʵҲĳڹկܲʾɣĳկկѪΪˣ󹲽ˣկΣѣұҲǲȫΣ
Цһͣ𣬼һɰͰ͵ЦĳģֻǸ˾һ顣ǺǣǻһկԻ⳥ɡ
Ǯһ۴ĺŸ۴ҧҧֵֻҪկϳңĳÿճ㿴Σ
ƤЦⲻЦص˾̫ˣκĳĳΪկԻ⳥⡣ɣ˾飬ĳȥկϡ
Ǯгסˣ˵˵˵կβſϰǶԸͲϣɡ
ؼģƴǵǮ£ĳĵȷȷģһĳȷȷʵʵΪկԻˮɽ⳥⡣
ҧŻѡˮɽ˵Щ۴׹ԭ˼Ҫˮɽ˼һ㣬˼ǲҪģ˼ҿϵǸ
۴ԥãϸ룬˾֮λˮɽʲôϵοˮɽѾ֣֮կϰæܶˮɽ
뵽۴¶ģկϳҽΧĳԸˮɽΪл㿴𣿡
һգˬشһΪĳͻظկλһԼկ
۴

ɽϿӳһʺ硣ׯϻֺ֮ڣڿׯϵ´ڣշǳѹ֡
ãвŵһۣô˵ѵǾôȥ
һλߣΪСҰĲͼı֮λʱִٲģԭǱ̵ӣɣɽկἵӵʱڣֻܳǹָʹߡѾȷΣ
ض˶ٹȣǣǱ߱Ҫк쳾Ľ̹ŷɽģʲô㿴Ϊȥǹƽ̽ʵˡ
ڳϻɫʾ⣬Ľſȴû˵ֻиݵ˵ţҪ˵ڵʱƣǴӦˣʮ֮ڣ
ҪвɽԲ߰ȫΪܵ裬輰ҲӦˡأȻ͢˸Ϯ˾ٵְλڲ߻Ĳɽҿ־ں쳾ɽϣôȥҽ̻ҵҪˣ
ϡ˳Լߵ˼㣬ҲֻſڳѷڽͽǰǾԲô˵ġߵһģǰʯͷԼĽˡ
ŷһֱĬԣʱɤӣԸеô֮Ӧô죿
гĬЩҲ˵˵ĳϸ˵ѮûͷˣΪ֮һĹƽ̻ҵһĬ꣬ҧ˵˳ҵȫɽҮСУҪȥ˾֮λɽ
ĸ̲סʵλѱҵȵҪڲأ
вϵӹһ˿ɱһһٵص
λ϶ʱɧߵѵУôһҪҽ̷Ѱ
кģɷѣҲң£߶µĹأǲأ
ѵУ㲻Ҫˣ£ֻǰ߹죬δѡֻȲµ£д¼߾ϣſԶõȨ
ЦҪƺҲѰɣڳȻͷȥЩļɻ䣬˼ҲǾԲ˵ģСȻʲôںˡ


65 ֮
ɵúã
ҶСյͻϢʮָˣصļתԸеһģ۴һûģϣļҰ֮䲻ףҵŲȥˡǳȴϺǩԼ
ҲüЦãһԼվǱұԼ
Ȳصˣֵأ
ҶСЦλȻٱ׼¶ˮɽսһҪʤҪʤǸկկٲЩүүر֤һսɣ
еͷӦկȱܹĵ׼գȻǱұ
ұȡܼɧսķѵЧΧˮйͨǰ첻ģҲұⳤפ
ͨϮţʹڵ޷ֵءԡߢ̣ԴĿˡˣֻʼˣѲ߼϶ͨұǰõġ
м۴˫ѪΪˣԼǩֻѺ֮󣬱ҶС춨µķƻ˵۴۴Ǹ³ӣǼıԺһ㣬ҶСƻϲĻŭţһڴӦ
˫Լʱ̣ɸկˮɽϣʱ۴ȫضϲϣ·˫йܻնɱϣ۴ȫһۣ
ѶбȻ뿪ұʱկѡǧ׳ҲϵȣԭյʱǴӱȴʲô
죬һֻɳ©ͰҶСǰϸɳȵ£ۿ̶ȾҪʱ̣ҶСվ߳ȥ
կȺϼǧ׳׳ִָ꣬յɽ֮ϣѹѹɱ
ڼҺͨ˽˹ϵŪʽףŹͷ֮ǰСءѭ˱ͺſڣʱҶС
ҶСһȫһһıҶСһ˫˫սݵ۾صͷȵս죡
һεĻɫս˸߸ߵϣսһֻ׺ݵĺڱҶСתˮɽķĿɼˮɽɽͷһָʿǣ֮Ϊ£
صһ𣬷·սʿǿȵغΪ߶ս
ѹͷһ٣ɱ
ǧװƤסټףֳַսʿغţǰȥڼҺǰǰǶ־ʿֻƬ̹׷׳Խǣˮˮɽ
սʼˡ

Ÿ·ĴС˳ңԶɱźĿһͼˮɽѵӰ·һϵͷ
˰ѶͷĺˮصϣĴˡ
ĸչʹ˺ܶ࣬ɹؼʱóȴֻ࣬Ÿߺ;ŵѡ
չҲ֪Ÿߺ;ŵĸͲΪصһ£Ψֳ©˴ֿסչҸɰѾŸߺ;ŵˡһչҶСԮֻǣͰѵ˳
չ֪ҶСѾϪ֪Դӱִ۶ȥݰ˸ͳȨΪ˸𣬹µľ鱨ҵ鱨
ûаҶСѾϵϪ¶³çԸһ˵ҶСѸϵϪȫȻǿдչұȥô죿
ԣһֱΪȥͭʱţѾ֪ҶС쵽ȵĵֱӳɽ·ֱġ
е֣ǰĵ·ͺ߶ˡȻɽƶͣʯᾣǺֲԵý֣Ҫɽȥǳɡ
վסǰʯУͻȻðͷеĹѾſ˸ɭĹâ
⼸϶ΧʯɫβͬĲһͺѷ֡ǵָĿϱĸ֣ҲֻԾһɲǷǡ
ԲԶһƵĹʯֻҪһбԾʯ󣬵ûж˫һ˿ЩԻһ
侲صҪ֣²ǵˣǷչҹ棬Ҷ˾ģλֵܰæ
ǼԻɽկԸ֣ҶСɳġ˼ң˼Ҳ㡣˵ϣӦû֪Ⱥ۴֣ɲҪȻҪɳһ·ϳ˲Ҫ߸ܻ׽Ӿִˡ
Իһô˵ر㳯˵أԻվ˹߹ߵԻÿ˿յߵԻɾؿвԾҪѵӡ
һ˳ӵԻţֱȫ͸Իųȥ䱸ԻֵѺɽԻ
˵չ˾Ҫ޸Ӧ
ҶС˵ɣһֻĵĸоչ󲮸ΪĻǲģǰҪ޸Ҫ޸Ӧ
һ˵ĵŮשһŮǿչĻۣƾĵˣҲа˴գ
ϸع۲ҶС죬Ϊֵ̳ĳɫκѼ鱨Ļᡣһ쵼˵ѾĻĳһߣԶϸ׼ȷ˽ԸΪҪ
˵չҪ޸Ӧ԰ͽϵ󣬼ҶСʮ侲û֪ߵغıһ㿴Ůһۣɱȫ٣Ҳû߷ȻҪչ۹ж߿˼֡
ҶС˼Ƭ̣ʵչѾô
ʶ׶ʳΪҪ˵ǲϡʯչĴ˼ңСС˼ң˵ýףҲСʱ⣬Ĵ˼ң¹׼پҪһꡣ
ôʣжָ˼֣һ졢صӦþ߱ʣԽԽܻţƢݻЩǵ飬Ī׵ķʽ⡣
չǷѾףΪѾ׺ûжܹȡķǽȻͬģҪһ㣬źþĶԲߡ
ҶСдֻ֪ҶСƽʱͺ侲أúǵķ⡣ǰǣûб̼¿Դ󷢡
ǣԶѾչĸˡ
˫ͬⶩ׺Ҫеһ衣൱ڡеġзӵдŮֵĸҪзҲдϣѹ¯档
֮˳ƽһֻ롢һ˫Ӷû𣬼Ϊ岻֮ףϿɣ¾ܼˡҪ˻¸洵
Ǵ˼ҪѰŵֺĳĲףֻССԵĲ֮ףͨẬȥҸʿƽ⡣Բ˵һգԣµȷѾˡ
ҶСЩ۵˿е⼬ˡ˫δףԲȡֶλһЩѶףѵܴӦײɣ
ҶСڳסˣüͷ˼תһδ֮ʣкȻ߽˵𡭡ˣϳɽѵɽ£


66 ϱƹ
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ǴŴţϣȴط֣Ԥ֮еĻ֮ʦûдɽ
Ϊ˷ֹȵ˴ɽϳǵţϣһ֧Ϻ֧Ǹ緢Ѿɽ̽飬ʱϢȵѾߣɽھ񱻹йһͷɸɾ
һϲ죡˶۴Ӿ˾


68 ɽеۣ
һֱɼţһܽ֯䣬һɫɫ϶д͸ȥγһһĹ
Զףɵˮ峺̵֮ϣһӳһ߲ʵĺ硣
һ޴ġԭľ޴ͽڷ֮ԣ⵽ɼ޴ʯʯƵļⶥΣ֮ϡ
һǾ޴ĹϣȴǱж졣滨ݣضǣ·˼ɾһ㣬һһ羰һһ仯Ķߣ̾
߻ɽկἶء̷ǶвկἵǶʾϣ߽ɣӸѡ԰֮ġ
̱ϹϾضҶС˵ţʱ͵ҶСһۣȷҶС쾿ûУΪǿĿİĺ̫׼ȷĺ߱ȷΪҶС⼸ʱѧġ
룬ֵһ䣺ǵ˼ǣ߲˺˱ˣÿ侴׵˶߶ѡһø䶼ܵߵĳҡ
ҶСڵ԰֯ɵһɫǧϣ°ͣϸţðҲϲ°ͼĺӣϲиģ۾ЦҲЦţżĹ
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ѭһĲΪȻϸ˼֮ȴͻȻһȻĸоһֱĬĬذҶСһߣʱһǴ躻֮߶ԸЩôǵĽ⣬ûôá
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ǽƻȥǰһ˫ţסȥ·̧ͷһͼ֪ͬЦЦؿ֣Υ
Σ֪úԶԡ
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ٵϣݺݵһֻ˵Ӳ꣬ȴδָ˭ֻ֪ͬƴһʱʹֻͣԼ챻˽޴ԩȥ
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֪ͬЦȥԭأֽű뵽֪ͬев֮⣬治֪Լ֮գλ֪ͬɳЩʲô¶
Ҷ˾Ҷ٣ıĸ˰ɺ˰ҭС

ͨǩѺڣڬBܱüضǰǱ̵ȸ࣬ȸ˳ˮжתƢȴһõӡ
Ǹ쵰һ޷졢ƣһֻϴĺӣôͱ˴ץɽѹأܻӴĽɽҲܳ
ڬBÿʼ̿ͭߣʵѾȫѹżңҶСͷϵ̫ϻʣͩԼ֪ҲԣЮҲԣΪΪˣƫƫ˲
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ǲģŻŵģָоԴĸĸոռ̳˾֮λʱйôҲܹˡΪʲôԸΪҶС죬ǡ
ƽ̰˴ǷָɽҲһѹסǲǣһҪһԽʧȻҴƨɵʱôü
ڬBḧĸ˵šСƽ̹һСȻ


69 
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⴫ʦүڬBֱͦ˶ɥ뽹ǵһɨաڱǰԶô侲ǿ
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ͩ˫ָ߾٣֮ܳ裬֮ܿ裬Ϊ֮ͩкβΪң̣ңͷڹ꣡һ죬̣֮лر

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ǵģϢǴչǱߴģ˵ɽвɽҶСһΪɽмĳǲǳɽ˸У׽ҶС죬ִɽȥˡ
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κһʼ֪կѾ˱ȵ˫սһѾѴݳ˵ʱ򣬵ַ֪˵ڶµĽǡ
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۴֮ǺǿģһֻͻǿҲȺǣ۴Ⱥս֮бնһһţʱһԹսĲϣЦųһ̤סĺ󱳣߸е
УģҲŹ㰡
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Ѫ֣۴ͷڵϹ˼һ˫Ŀѵ۾͵صաϣһͷ߸߾УһЦ
ұĳǽ֮ϣһ˾үɱؾ³Ÿɢȥˣ˼ֿұʹݡ
Ҳδ̤ұһ۴ʱȴص˳Ǳ߸ߵءվϣĵܵȡ֮ռһУĿ
ϣջĿ⣬ɵضչô֪ЩϢ
ҵ֪һЩչҴСɽвһУ֪Щɽвϡ档
ԭ
ϣȻٺЦҲѳΪ˾
Ͻδõ͢뷷⣬ƲãƲá
ϣһۣȻǰöĻӦһæ˵ɱ۴ңģ˾ܲˡ
ǿֻϲʩֵĹذ֮飬ĳģ˺вǲֻܷԸϵɽ»𺣣Сüͷһ塣
ģ촽Щ̰ص֣կ˻ɽȥˣȺţɽɽկһΪ֮⣬ǴǰͭżҶһƬأѱǱΪ㿴
ϣһۣôˣ
ƤЦ֣ɽկǰձĹģɷϮ𻵣δϧǿٳЩ
ϣǺһЦϾͭʸĵ̣Ҫ̹Ļ֮ˣ֮ϵܣҪ˼а
ЦһβֿʩԮ֣Сܸм£ʵڲ֪αڵı̲Լɽ͹ȼ֣ĪҪƴǡ
ϣԴãȻص˷ǸկȣռҵˮɽսܣʤռʧߵĲƲҲӦõģ֧㣡


70 
ڿտʯԵúܳƣʯҾǴǼҡҶСԭ֪һصڻصصӦصܵ½ַ˼أʹ÷
šʯſһصʯŻˣ¶һ̨׶ڡ촩һӣǺɫĶ飬ͻأسˡ
ߴţһŰͺͷ̽˳ҶСŵվ棬ǿһ漴ͼͷݵ۾΢΢ţٳֻӥӣЩɭ
ϣǲãȡҶСһ죬ЩҲ¶ϲģ񣺡Ӷ죬
û˵꣬ͱҶСһץס֣ϾͲÿˡϣͷˣֻпϲܻ
ڵص˵ǰ˴߻ɽһ°ɣΪ˴϶ӹɵġֻǲͬ߳ɽľϣֽʵϣȷΥдߵ
ҶСЩҲȥ˵ֻңΪĶԻǲأ
Ĭþû˵Ѿ˵̬ˡ
ҶС̾˿ϣ˵ʮߴΪƶڲóɽľأߣǶԱ̹²ȻϿɷͽ̣
Щ˻ƵʵûвóɽĽ̹ġʱҲв䶼ŷƽ̡Դӱ̵һߴƽ̣ŰѹഫĹˡ
ʦ֮ǰֻǲҽʦʦԴԼĽţŷƽ̵Ĳͳһߵ׳ˡ
Ժ󣬲ֻ˻ڲĹƽͽԶ׿˷ȥƽ̵ĺô󣬾иҼ˹ƽ̡
ʱǨԭµƿڽǿԺڹݵЩҽݱϮ˾үҲϣһ֮ϵĽţǵ
Ȩҫȵȣӵн˲ݿܵԣЩ俪ʼʧˣǷ˶Թ̱˹ƽ̡
ΪˣȰ˵ǡֹǣϧսͬʹֵܣΪ˸Բͬ׷󣬿ʼɱУһ޷ֹǵ뿪
һʼһ䣬ǸĲ䣬ǻû뿪Ĳ䣬Ҳʼ˵˵ʮߴ˵ʱϵͽطƽ֮Դ½̹棬Ӵڲóɽ
ҶС쾲˵꣬ʵôʱ˾ʱ޽гϷҲľأ
컨׵ü΢΢ĬƬ̣Ҳеġ
ҶСʣôڻɽ޲ٶ뱾أ
ŵҲеģɽʱЩӦɽնĻټϴǰܵɽĹƻˡٺ㿪ʼȶǽһ꣬вˡ
ҶСôΪյɽɽôĽӴ֮ǰɽвǧǰû𣬶ɽǧǰΣ
ĨһѶͷϸûлش
ҶСߵǰϿҵص˵ѡûУڵʱѡõѡɴ˱֤ҽȶ
ǵʱԱɽĳϴҲûУǶĹֻǸ޳ѡ·ӵʱǵѡǴģǽ죬ѡһ·Ǵ𣿡
촽˶ȴûҶСֵɽѾˣǺ׾ͿԵɽڵɽвҲǰһˣǰֻгϼſԳɽѾԽԽĲ俪ʼӴ
һΪҪ¼ߺͳǱɽĹأΪϣԼĴ죬ȫ˽ı仯ձһȺ֪Ұˡ
ϣҲ쳾ãʮߴ˵ƽ̴߰˰ȶأܲùƽ̼ɽӲд߰˰ꣿ
۽ǳ鴤˼£صͷȥ˵ѣǶԽ̹ķӣСɵıܣ͵Ļû˵
ҶСϣ²谡ɽɽ֮佨һ̣߰˰꣬ˮԽԽߣٲʱȡԲߣ̾Ҫˣ
ʱͲһҲ룬˻ϯһУΪ˰ĿƣΪ˷йǧɱΣǻջɱϣǳĨɱЩ췴ӣɱǰĻң
ϣ㲻ҪΣʷΪ֪档ķչѾԽԽ죬ɽɽԭǵվѲΪƾ
ǵڿɽ˵Զ׸㣬ǸЩϵڽͣʮѡ񣬶ҲҪѡңҪΪɽвһ·
Ŵ۾ҶСϣҼǵã߹һƽйഫĹ£˵λʥˣ򱻻ʵū۵ͽ;棬ɹ󺣣Ѱҵء
һ·֮ϣЩԼ˶ҡˣ˻Ͽǵ־λǿĻɱ׷ɱһж޷ֹߣҲʼи˺ҡ׷ϣЧλͣϣܺһǵͽɽ󺣣ֱҵǵ֮أ
Ŵһ˫߶Ƚӵ۾ؿǰҶС죬㱼䣬·𿴵һֳּȡ룬ǵˣԴ߻һ˸˸ϷŹʥ
Ѽһ٣󺰵ֿɣǴ󺣾ͺȻһзֿˡ
˻ԴԼԺлƵ񣬶ҶСߣӡԸΪЧֻǣӻûгΪϣеʿֶڰ˴Ͽ֮£ʲôأ
ҶСһţаϲϽǰһҲû뵽ҲϣܸṩһЩҪ֪˭ܰҡ
췭۾Ŭ룺š룬ӦûվһߵģǨɽܲɧԹԲϣҮкжԴҲǰա
ҶСĻЩ֪ǲģҪİ֣
ڨڨص࡭һλ뿪ɽв࣬Ǻ߶ûʲôܶಿߵ涼ǲ죬ֻ¡
ҶСüѵûˣҪİֲһѾҵˣжλϳϲˣһֻҪʮ֮ãͱȻɽͷϵڶࡣҽ̴ǧ꣬ϽôĲ䣬ʼһ飬ûежߣ
Ȼˣ˵Ув٣кǰλʧܵǰϣìܽطĲ䳤Ϻ峤
ҶСԴϲһΪãЩ˵֮ܲλľϣ϶ӵмҲ̫ݵЩһ֣Ϊʱ
ҶСѿʵҲ˵ηЩ˹ʲôط


71 Ƥ
شձһĴͳЩ˶ᱻȫҷɳȵġ
ҶСһ϶ʱӿһĨŹֵɳ֮λ󣬳ΨһȥӲĵطõЩԽɳȡ
ҶСŬڽɳһУƣѵһաеһڣסڶѨУÿڿɳŰյ
ҶСʵ޷ǹһĳλϻĳ졣ˡŮˡӡһͷģֱؤؤ
ҶСַʱķٽţ˵һЩ˵һЩڴ޽ʱΪҳϿɿ׿ԽԳΪλʵ۹֮Ĵ󳼱
»ʵ۵ǻĵһ£ǰЩⲢҹٸԭְ»ʵʩӶΪǵľϵһõĿʼ˵ɳЩ󹤼塢Щص׶Ѩ˾ȻôͷҶС켸ҪΪǰΪµİˡ
ȻǲܵģһģҶСʱ˷ɽˮ·һûа취Ըţǰ취ҲҪʵֵģҲЩ˾ҷǹмֻǣҪΰأ
ÿһӶ˵ڻʵۣÿһ˶ߺ֮ĪȨ鵱ʱľǸϰյĹƨνġֻҪһģҲʱüùֶġ
ҶС첻ûз֮ģ˴ϾӪ꣬˭֪жǵĶĿΪҪĻƺʵ̫鷳Ǽλǲԥȥġ
Ҫʲô֮Ҫóֵ׼Ҫô֣־ҪѸνӡãһЩϴϢ֮ɡ
뵽ҶС˵ͷ̳ɽ˼ˡƺˣͭʻһУһᣬѧ󲿷ֶɽӵܣϣǽԣЩҲɡ
ȻǵߣǿɶѪɽⲼµĻ֣ôԡ
ҶС쵭صнѱɽֻɽʲôأ
һݣȻˣ

ҶϵѾȫɽУݺңңҲɽҶСɽδǾЩˣΪ߲мˡ
δУΪй֪ãŷġһ֮¡أ԰ճǵ뷨հΪ֮һĽˡ
Ʒɺëǳ©֮㣬ǲûаǴɽ˵ûǷϡԭҶС죬ҶСѻɽǾ޹ؽҪˡ
ƷɺҶСڻϤҶС챻ϱȥοļˣƷɻҶСļ˻رֻţҶĸŪҪܵŴһ
ǵҶҶϵ򸾺ҶСʱȴǵͦƽֻǷ߷߲Ƿɧ˿ںҶСİΣ
һʼƷɻЩ֣һŷ֣Ҷ˲ģȻΪǸ˽ɽ񣬲˽ǵʽ˽ǵƢҲ˽ǵȨܹ
һֱھǵһˣĿȨֻϵĻʵۺ͹ٸʵǿݣԵŻֵ̿Ըӵĵز˵ɽ񡭡˵Щ֪ɽҰƥ
ӾҶһˣﻹôӽµԽеģɽʶûһ׼ȷĸΨһĸо
Ҷϵһ˵УɽĲһӣҶСǵܴ峤ֻǲϣ峤ɽ٣һġͥסж
ԣҶҲҶС죬ȴֻǵɽԵĺòãסĺòãǣʲôʱ˵ЩԽҰˣ³ɽžۣȴΣա
Ʒʶһ̬󣬴һƷɸϽ˲ëǵĽţֹͼ˵ȥëĭɵҶ˴ɽ˲ĴƷɲһţϻر͡
Ʒɵصģ粻µģֻɽ̫ԸӴŴһа취˵ǣǻᾡϵ硣
ҶϵǵǣҼСѽ˶˵ඡȦɽʲôϢ˵һߣׯڵضķˣֿϧģɡһ˵ͷλֶˡ
ëֿϲͰķŻضȥɣֶһѴһġ
СֶǣƷֲһţĺ֣Ҷϵһ˸ǡ˳Ҷ¶ɽˮۼĽͣ
ëǵ˵۴ôһˣզôûŪأͰǸˡɹϵĲɰôѴȳ㻹ǵýɽĵɣҪȥ˸͵
Ʒҡͷʱͬգ͵δ͵õο͵óô죿һ֮ǻҹġ
ë룬ͻ˫һϲа취ˣҶС˴ɲɣһģһһùȥⷨӺðɣ
ƷһۣãҪҶҵСӣҶҵĴȥҶһͬô
ëǴһƷֵҶСϴӦϤɽʶɽκˣùЩƽ̳ǣùɽУһɽУɽȴһҶƹ٣ΪЩǾͲģ
ëͷګګصô˵ǴԶˣ
Ʒ΢΢۾ŹӰ쵵ĽˮصҪɽһݣ󻼣ֻһӣǾǡ·״
ëǵⷨӿǿͷأǿ˼ҵϳܰõ𣿡
ƷɵôͲܣһ·һβǿӲضͷߣںأľ֪ءةةͭʣżңڼңӲϪһء
µʱ䣬ˣϷŪ̡飻żȥһ˴ɽ˾ú鶫ʧأҾͲɽʮǼϼһǴĶ֡
ë˷ܵص԰ݹҲɽأӿһ֮ˣԼŮܲŵһܾȴġ
Ʒ̾˿Ȼһȴͬǿ⡣ڱǿˣҲ޲ߣһҪҲֻпˣ
ëǵţ۵˵ȥֲͬ⣬ǻզ죿
ƷüͷһʱҲ벻ð취ƤֻҪģܻа취ġ
ëǷ˸۶ֻˣ
ʱ˵Ҿǵ
ƷɺëǻȻתͼԲһӣ޴ˡ


72 
ɽˮǭУǭжͭʣ֮ͭȤڽ֮·ɾԶɽ죬ǰ̲ˮ⣬Ҷۣңڱˮ֮ϣʫ续
ëǺ޴Ь࣬ѽŽ峺ĺˮУƵιεǵĽŵףö˲ʱһ½ţֹơ
Ʒڶм䣬ٿұǸȣεضǵ취ô
޴˫ŷʷʵ°ͣƬϹҶѿһԲϹϣ̬ҡҡͷ̾˿ëȴͻȻϲؽһ˫һ̧һڱ̵ˮˮ棺а취ˣ
Ʒɺ޴һɴ۾޴˷ܵصһկ֮۴ŮܲȣȥҸУ˵ѳһԶץڳһ֮۴ݳʩȻǻе𣬻ܷȥɣ
Ʒüô򵥵ķӣΪ벻ôȻҶõЩ벻ǶԸһĺܣѵֵġ
޴Բ̾ص鵽ʱٰڷ֣ǰȫǹƨûһôҵǶԵģ
Ʒɵ۵˰죬͵óôһƨͨĽۣ
ȻȻĪż벻취Ǻʹƶ˵ûа취ǣ
ƷɵȻһûд˵¶
޴ˣȻˣǲһ룬Ǵ磬¸ƾأ
ëֵ̯¾綼ûν
޴һ˻ʲôķӽ⣬ͨмѰġǲǰⶼνģ˵뵽취
Ʒǰһ˵еǺú롭
޴ͷһָֺͷһھңʱȥңңĵһηҲ飬Ȳ־ڵ٣絣˵ᱻıƺӦ䣬һԸܵĻѻӶ˳ߡ
ëüɫ裬޵°Ҳ˵Ǽǣ˰ʱ϶Ȧһʵм֮ǣԲܻΪġ
ƷľһصȻ¶˵ûʲôã
޴־İ˵Ҳǣⶫ˵оеģҲмǣֺα
ëǵǼšˮңңӳݺ˱ԣ׷ɱ֪һ׷Ծ͸ǲõķУǡ
޴ϣ
ëϲɽô
޴ϵҡͷ°һε벻
ëǵˮﱻ˷ӸƭˣͼװŮˣ˷ӹߣһϹⷨҲ
Ʒɵ˫֪飬ӶƹթӶǶȳԼȵˣ̵
޴༤ص˼ƿ÷񣿡
Ʒɵ벻
޴ôˮﱻϲǿȢΪ檣ðٲѰҷҾ죬ǲǣǻˮߣ˼ƿ÷񣿡
ë̾ǴǳշЩҲǲںġ
޴ôڻرݵ׷סȥ·鼱֮ŭչչȥ׷˫׵˫ӶȻ÷񣿡
ëһ˫ë֣Ҳѧסգĵصȥŭ˭أ㼤ŭڼҡżһʯңǿܽɽȥַô
ƷɵЩζʡҾãΣǡյأʱǵʷȴĿԵУ£ȴøìܣӱǻɴҳ취
ֱϲе統ʱ˭ôӮġ
ëŵһأ͸ة˰ةأʱ̫ү磬ľطǿŸɣ취Լú¶֪Լôһ١ɱվ鷳ʱةֲôôԾˡ
أѸġկ֮һУӶѸկİ֡
Ʒɵ֪ضةǸŭԣ²ؼ߸߹𡣵ǸҪĶ˶Լİ֣
󣬴ֺѲҶ෽׽ץة֤Ӱةľһ򾡣
ƷɵةľȻ˴Σȴȥ߶ͨ߹٣ͼ£ϵذҺǹͬһηüסǣʹ˳ɱһ޿ˣ
ֵ˫һģɢˮĽѾתȦһ㣺ᣬֻݺҵ·ӣϣʤһٶǱ֮ˣ
ëǱһһͣ˵һһ㶵ģʱһ˫ţʵ˼ƿ÷񣿡
Ʒɺ޴ͬصã

ѧǱ½еУϣۼѧ໪Ʒվ̨ɫ£ѧǽͷӶ۷׷ף˵λѧƽﲻЦһº͵ģô࣬ĸѧУ棬˺ܴĴ°ɣ
ԶţܿѧǾͷ֣еѵȫɽӵܡ
һ͵ѧУЩӶ峤䳤ϻݵλ˼ӵܣͨɽﺢӣһУټѧУɽϾʶǱˣոմ׮Ϣйء
ȻԱ󣬻ƷȻˣλѧӣǵУǴɽдԶ븸ĸͼ԰顢ʶ֡ϰ䣬ϣǶ֮š
Ҳ˵ˣҵҲûʲôУڲһ֮û峤峤Ҳиߵ֣֮е峤𾴣е峤˱ӣе峤䣬е峤Ĳ䲻ͣ£ֻܸڱ峤䵱һҡźСආǲ
ѧǰЩΪȻ齥ʧˣϸ룬ͬһ֮һߡһȺ䣬ȺԶһܵҪǿһЩٶидġ
ƷɫȻʹصҲе츳ɴ˻Ҫ̵ܳɴǵУϣǶܳɴԲΪǿУ
ڣǲϲУɽϲǳɽǵУѾӲʩǿȻصɽСǡҲ˸ûȥʱˡ
Ʒصѧҵδɣһ񣬱
У̨¶ʱһƬȻ
ྲʲô
䳡ϣë𣺡Լ˵סɽ治̹ԵķǲǱɽͷ㣿Ǵ·ǲǱɽĴֲѺÿ
ΪʲôҪǻɽ⻹иϵ˵ᶯ۵˹űˣɵߴֻɵģ͵ñ˹ܡҪǶ۽硢˼ʶЩǻƴûЩϲģͷŵŧ͸˰
ĺӱУĺͷԸ򵥣Ҳױɿ䳡϶ʱһƬëǰ˫һ̯尳ûɶãǻ᳤Ūɽȥˣû֡û˸Ǯǿˣԭָǽ˳Ϣ󽫾״Ԫ⵱ʦҲմ⣬ڡǻɽҰȥɣɢɢˣӲˣ
ëƨɣȺڵһȺѧﳤȥ


73 ձ
Ʒɵ˴ҶСǰԸةı򵽵ĵһǷֻǼٽ˴ϵ壬ѵǴѧУ˳ȥ
Ѿʶʮɣܵˮɽɲȥ̤࣬ҪµǻһȺĺӡ
ЩӣҪôĳһ֮ӣҪôĳһἵ֮ӣҪôĳЩе¸صĳϼҵĺӣǱǿжɱڷϣδγ㹻ľηеԹ֮ؿ֪
Ӧߺ٣ԼѡӵܳɽѧϰɽиѡĵȻԼء谮Щ˶丸泤Ӱ֪
ôຢӷŻɽȥǽӰж֪ҪǣǿֱӰͳνײЩˡ
˴ϵɽɽʱǰˣǿܿǡΪҲ֪ԴСɽկЩжϣ߻ɽһȶٰЩٻ
ƷɺëǰжˣһʱһΪԵ£Ǵģֻǰһʱ䣬ǽȻͬġ
ȵҶСϢշת͵ͭʵʱ򣬻ƷɺëѾǰһ˫ıϣٸӡٿŻ֣ѾƷɺëǰʮɽ
нӺܲùϵϵ׽ļɽǢģȥеկ֮ҲȻߵһ٣Ǩ׼Ѿ˴룬ȴǰûԹԣ
бկİոԹصǨԪһصɽǲŷ֣סĺϰߵĵͰĲľݣôļªࡣ
ԹЬӣΪ˽ʡ·ŰȥɽԵʱ뵽ǰʱͬɽ´еİջҪһУֻܵȵÿ¸ϼӣܳ;棬ȥɽһУ뵽ڸšѾӡ³ķѾΪĵػΪУЩѾʶԻɽֱʹĳԲ˯š
һеԹɧȫҪѹڸһ˼ϣ˲ҵ¶Թԣ̬飬Ҳһصשڸеļͷһɽ
֮⣬ļȻܶµûǰ¶һܵ飬ҹ˾ʱڷﴫԼ
˵ĻԼǺԥִοԼѴͱһ
ѾΪһط֮ھǨȥΪвָλʦ
Ϊߴ󻤷֮һֱϽģҪפկʦΪָλפկʦȨͳȨǲεı֣ͬʱҲŸвλĽ͡
ãˣͷһζִʣܵвշԵ飬Ļǹ־ģǲԣ

԰ڣҶСѭ졢Ųӡһ漣Ľֺꡢ׳ۣۼҶСʺ͡ס棬ǿտĴֻһŴ󴲣ȴɣɵľ޴ңֻѹ֡ĸо
ֻ԰ôʻԼһʬ⣬һ󲿷ֵʱǴģʿǲʱ̺ǰҲоڵĵط
صƷɺëһѧˣȶǾͰУѧȫǲ˻˵ЩӻصɽǵļгɧһʼǻΪȻ˵ˣúӳɽʶǼ£ڶԴ˺ͷʹء
ëǵеĲҲҿͷҲЩסˡǵģôĻʲôĹүӣи첲յģܡ
ҶСЦЦЩڿܻʲôЧǼʱһûоʹȥʲôôǲӦʱҲͻĸ磡
Ŀ΢΢һ˵ɳеЩ
ҶСǵһԶͬʱðԺ׵رһһʰڰһԶŵ˴һ˴ʧˡοЩ˵ûߵϿɺ֧֣ҵ֧֣ټǱӵеǺǡ
üǣʲôأһܻ˴鷳ûһֵۣǸ޷õ⣬ڲԸö̽Ӵ±ߵڣּô죿
ҶСҲüͷ̾ǰھǻѰұø侴ĻӴǵ죬˭ⶼһְˣҸûͬǽӴ̸
ص뵽ʲôûУ
ҶСҡͷûС
ĬĬһҶС߼λʱ춼ԽӼĻʵడҹգƽˣǲӵġ
ǻʵۣ߳ʹ볼ֱӼ棬ͨǹսݡʢգ졢ȵȵʱΪߣĻ𣿡
ҶС٣ٰһĻᡣǳһ׮񼣣в䶼Ѹ֪סش񼣣ҲлֱټʹڣӶڷͣ޷ֹ
񼣡񼣰
ؿЦ֪գ̸ðɽλװŪĳշڣﶫһ׮񼣣Ӧÿ԰õ
ҶСʱ⶯°͵šҪҪ֪ͨƷǣȥǸ䣿ֻҪ㹻ĺôġ
ʱԶֺ¡¡شһѭ̲סҲаŶȻףæͻȻͣǴ˾ͿԳûˡ
ҶСû仰ֻҡҡͷ˼ǷҵˣæϷѭ仰ȴ˫Ŀһͣס˵Ŀ԰쵽
ҶС쾪ȵؿһۣ㲻ǿЦɣҿۼ׵ģɽͷõǽ֮£ֹܹġ
صһŹʶȻ֪ȻȫңֻҪõܶʱҲܹıô
ҶСġŹʶǸЩѧģ֪ⷽʶЩٵĶ˵ţмһˡҲͳôһ࣬ϲĻѧ
ҶСϵϸ˵һ£
վӣȡһ´򿪣ҹɵһ״Ľƣص뵱ѧһ׮ɱ˰Ϊ׮ӣѧȵǭа
ѭûشЦҫЩ֥ùˣ˵ձ


74 ׹
ҶСЩãȻڽ췽¶ʵһϲͨҶСʵ׹ǸʲôõģĪԼ񣿡˵ҶСѾ¶ΪȻɫ
Ϊ׹һڼļ飬ҲΪһСıҪ£뵱εôһͷʲôҲıģοǸ߸ϵ
ؿҶСɫ֪׹֪΢΢һЦ˵¶ᣬ׹ģ֮׹ƺֻΪֶԱס
ҶСȻݣܱףʲôЧ
صһЩߴὨСǡһĶǼİɣ
ǡֳơǡȸȸС޵ȸ״ͨߴ˼ǣȤֶҶСȻǼġ
ҶС˵ͷص¥ͤӡȽͨڸߴɽЩ¥Ķϴиļǵᶥϵǣʵ׹
ҶС컹ûףԽغͿˣ˵ϸЩֶαף
صеôѧҲʮȻֻѧһ׮ӣʱ˹ʻݶϵ׹Ӷ˷ɣѧڿ˰ʱ֪Ƕ֮Ч
˵رüɫɽԭߣɽ۱ǰ棬Ժں棬ںԺߴˣ׻λɹȻ׻ֻǳ֣ٺ٣ȴѧ˫ۣ
ذһչص˶ֻǸɵùѧɱĹѯʱȴ˵Ƿ׹Ȼ١
׹ٵĺۼƺֻʧݡѧȴ׷Źκһɵ㣬ѧѰɮµ֪ηɵǵǸУ˸񼡣ѧ
ζϰľϸϸ˵ҶС֪ȴҶСѭ춼¶ͷɫֻδסڣ֪̾٣Թ˲ҶСһۣǵϵǺͤϵıⶥֻǽͤݶϵһװΣ±жֱµġ
ҶСΪʲô
ص׵磡ݶġǡ߽һ׹һӱ׻У׵ͻͨ׹׵֮׹̫֮ƽһֱͨӶΡ
Խ׹ЩõĶͨľϣľľľȣ˵Щľڵ磬ǹ˵ʵ֮ͭЩرľϸ׵׵硣
ֻǵáլõڣѡֵľϡߣͭȾľϸܷʴ⻵ֻмٴһЩͭΪ׹
̫֮ǿ׹ֻǽĹֻһ֪⣬˼ݶڡǡҲǡ˼ͤǼģҲһ⣬ȴ֪ϲԻͽҲ𲻵׹ˡ
ҶСص˼ȻⶫЧô˼׹Ե׵磬й׵֮ˣȻƵƵ׻ô
ѭϲգǧûû˵ĺ¡¡ˣҪͻȻͣˣǱɼŴһףЩɽҲһе֣Īүү˯ôôˣ
ҶСȭཻžһ죬ֵһԣ취ϵ̵࣡ģˮɽվأ
ѭүү̫װɣɵ𣿡
ҶС컹û˵ȻףôλүһУ
ҶСתصķһǸҶСһһص׹һҪ

ƹģʦô
޴ֺ°ʳƹǰװֵıĴȣƨĽϣ·ŬҲֻһĶˣ˫źζƵС첲ûȥ
ƹǷ񶫼ҷԸĳѾѷԲбµĽҶؽˡλʦֹһĽ졣̷ģЩ˶ģûһƽӹ֮
޴ͷãʳסޣһӦǱ߶Ҫõģһ׮ҪĶɲܵˣһþ
ƹӦһ˳ȥıӱ׻Сƨɣ˳ԼıԻƷɵƷɣǱ׼ôˣ
ƷɵģɽˣѾҵһƧɽ·ڲɽвȻǱ룬ֱء⣬ĽϰʦԸһͬɽҾñھڶ࣬Ϊ˱Ϣй¶ҲøӽǲҪʦ˰ɣ
޴ţǽɽͲǴȥģңҪɽв̣ٵٶ屶ɲġ紫Ŷ˵ǹϡŹֵĶԷһëǱôˣ
ëǵǹˣиֵҩۡҩˮҩֻ࣬ҽķӣǽĸķӣҲһݣһЧءپǣѽպ͸޶ҲϣɽҰޣɽΣپڣʲôΣ۶緢֡
ëƺһԶģҶңңң֮⣬ŪιԳèľëǡңңڣֻܺͨ
ٴӭ˸մӹһ߽һ˫Ѱѱ۶У̸ЦЦⳤ˻һ˲ţûãͭʱҪ⣬һ壬дá
ţ
˵ȻоЩ֡ٴǸ̼֣ĶӴҲǸˣıӸɹȻ̼˼ңЩ˳ҲͲʲôˡ
ӭҪĵ̶ǼżⳡϵĺȴðѸۡⳡǰɫ˵ȽҲ̫ˣװ磬ģ߷УⶼʲôֱۡҪһγһӻˡ
Ϳ޴࣬ͬ˵ʲôһгӣȻݸ죬ҪҲͬ޴Ըãɡ
ﻹһСޣС޶ſļ˯ģС΢ţӨĿˮļͷཫȴ޾죬ɡָһǬٶϵɡ
ãȻص磬ôˣ
⻰ʱЩȻ˿Զλ侲ĶӣȻöӹȻԽԽϢˣǰô죬ôŵȢˣҲˣԼĸ󣬳ϢĲˣԼƺûʲôôˡ
ĵ̾ϢһЦ˲ңҶӡ˼Ҫɽء
в֪̾ɽɽ˵Ǯܺ׬ô
ٴ׬Ȼ׬ⵥֻҪˣǹǸʺҪ³ˣ


75 ֮
غ󣬴˾˿֪ͷǸܼɽģ֮ǰһй¶١
Ʒѵ˵ɽһȺԽɵֻʣ׹ǵĹֳӣ˴ľԳѱûʲôĶҰޣǲɴ⣡
޴಻ΪȻЦҪ˵ͷԳȷҲϣҪ˵Ӷܰ˿гɹͷҲţһȺ϶Ҳܰ˿гɹͷֲģѵǶǿôοǻôʦ
޴ЩǹᵶʦָָЩСУĽϰͦͦظһװǿġʵƷɣǰĵΣɽߣ
Ʒɵ˴ɽв淽򣬼·вԶһ¼Ǻţݿ̺ۡ
һ˵һǰߣҵһӡǣϲˣҵҾ֪ôˡëֵͷǰ·ɣʲô׺ݵҰޡ
ëǳֻèȻһֻèûŪ˼ԱߵĽվԳѺХһȳȥȻϲΪʵ̫įˣǽԵؼ԰תתǺܸ˵ġ
Ͻϣϣӣ
ԶһƬӳ£ԶԶؿǣڴнýƶţʼǣ˿£Ǻٴ
ٴģı̬΢ĺܣûϢʱʱ߻أͰѶѪͷۿӳϢˣʲô¶ˣοԺֲ֮࣬Щʧ䣺Ӧ˺Ҫչ˴һӵģڶӸÿˡԴౣԾӵĺүԿ
Դ˽ɽҪ׹үӿԼеôˣСӣ߸·ͷ󺹣һ书ᣬҪΣգҪҳ־㣿һ룬үʱ̹ࡣ
һɽͷͣסˣǰëǶԸ޶ģš¡¡ߴȻʱʲô˼ˡضԱ˰һЩ˵һԻȣǶԳڴ˵Ĵ˵ȴǱ۾Ҳߵطġ
Ʒɽۣˣ
ǣ¡¡һɽ𣬾ǽµĵ涼΢΢޴ۼˣ΢΢ɫ
Ʒɵڴϸ۲ɽϵֻҪپ͵ðʱ׵֮к󣬻һʱҵͣЪڡ
޴ͷ˷ԸǰļƻɽСЩһɢ
˴Ӧһɽȥ
һΪˣǷֳɼصģʱװͬʱΪѾ֪ͭڵ磬ľġ޻ƥԷ׵磬ѴҺɢ
ˣǻСľֵĳӣóԶԶŴСɽһ֮ǰķЧ׵磬Ҳ²ӿʱ䡣
ɽʱ׻ͣסˣƷɵϼӿ˲޴Ѿˣ׼ʮֳ㣬Ȼһ߻ͣ˻ͣĸ̧ţڻƷɵɽ
үӲ̫ܿɽûľֻʯԶԶظţڴĿԣҲ¸ˡ
ٴһ߶Ŷɽһ߶棬ҷֻ벻ҶСʺ죬þ͸ˣܽɽǵļƻ޺
ֻڡҶСɲҪӦշźãӦ绢㳯͢ĵҲҪ󳬳ǵĹƣǾ͵òʧˡ
ٴ΢΢һЦᣡͭЩӣҪ¶ǶҶС죬Ҷ˽жϣӦߵһ·ǸͲһ·ˡԺٴŷô˵Ȼ顣
ɽبʹȴδȥԹžη񣬶ɽߴɽҲǿ־ֻ֣žȥҵľӴӭ˵һɽߡ
˵ɽѸٿΣѡ˾ඥ˻һξһƽΪ׹ڡɽȻʯͷطȴȽھַ󣬲ϧش򶴣æһ룬ɽֿʼ׻й֮زز
ȵ׻ַڵ׻ͣ׶ΣѾڳһԼĶ±Ѿʯȣ׹ȣΪ׻ʼǾȱܿˣȵ׻мʱ㹻ԣǲٴηأʼ׹
ܹɽĴһʮĽأһ֣ԿǽǸϵİýʱĿ۰̶ʮĸһڱһϸһ׶
װϣŰڳʯŹ̶ãĸ߶ѾԶԶɽۡ޴ֻȼӣڵһ͵ڶӴȼľ塢ƥ޻ǽ͵ģȼ
صǷǳɰڴһˣֵǣǳ
䳡滰˵꣬һȺƨɽȥʵʱ´׻ʱ仹ޣ㹻ӵɽ£ǻûɽţɽϵľױǰˣȻǸ߸ߵ׵Ч
޴һȺ˶ɽǰһʯɽϣ޴żʱɳ©ŵصǰˣӦЧ˰ɣ
ëԴͻȻ԰Чأûиоǽûôǿҵˣ

׵籾֮͵֮ʲͬγɵķŵΧȽϴı仯ƵȻȻͻ١õķȻǸıΧӶӰ仯ڱ϶иı䣬ǼйȻڼС׻ΣͬʱҲһƵ׻ĺð취
ﴫ׻ѸټˣʱΧկһЩվЩȵڶ죬ϢѸٴˡ
ʵ۽մֻɫǾͻᵽٰ㴧ĦŪ׻ʵ仯ԭɽǶԹžηҲ̬ͬϵȹƽ̻Ҫ缸ǧ꣬ǳΪͽҲûзľη
ף⵱ȻǵӰ죬Ǵһϰ˵ͻȻıˣҹϵһλ飬вˣףǼ
ڸ㷲ʱ˽ۣΪ֮ףһ׮񼣣ΪȼҪ֮һɽӦ¡ʽߴңл¸
һ۵Ƕ죬Ѿ׷ҶС쿪ƽΰҵȻԶĻͬ˴ϽҪ㹻Ը񵥴ӵϺ˶ײ¾һȴǾţصġ
ۣѸٵõ˸еȼλϿɺ޳ɣ⼸λܸɽʶ¸կĴ峤Ǳ׼Ǩɽ;׺ʱǲԼͬϿ˶˵
󣬸ĲϷ׷վڣһ²˶һ˵Ǽļ̳˶ɽУܹϴԡЩӻɽ֮Ӱǵļ塣
ο˵ıԣǵȻϲصĺϢ˴Ͻ飬δóͳһʱ򣬡ơγɣҮмιҵУ˰죬һҵ˶졣
ԴӶ칫վǾ֪һվһߵģҺһеϵڲܿλֱȥߣֻͨλߵġˡˡ
˻̸Щʲôû֪ǵڶһ磬кҮҲ̸Ͽ˶ĽۣϣԴ̬ˣ̬Ѿȫ˸е˵ƿء
ȻԦȻҲƿأ


76 ǽ
һĹһǣ
տУеԵøλѮϸˣƽʱһͰ̣ϾʮͳΪϣȨ̳ʮһͳߡ
ŷüɣֻǴɣڴ˴ǧ֮꣬ǰصѲ֪˼ǧ꣬κη֮¶Ҫ촷ۣҶСεºܣܸı󣿡
лصкξϣҵȻǲ֪ģǣˮߴôͰ쵽ѹȵ׵ˮɽ˵а취ֹͣҾҲδؾͲܡ
ߵǲһˮˮܰˮϵֻ̰ҪˣȻܹߣֱɽףžžôֹͣ
˵ǲ˼棬ֻһؼߣոհ㣬ǧͣˣ᲻ڰ
Цܣ
˵һ죬һȨͳԦʮɽĳϣ˵ĻԼҲò˼һҶСεºܣɵӣҿһģõһǲɸ˵İ취飡
һֱ̫˵ĸл˵õķӣһ־ôô֪ǲʾ뵽İ취Բֹͣ
ŭصУʲô˼
Ƥصûô˼ֻǾã˵ͼڳɽΥǰߵǴ治ĻôĽߣͼΪܣ͸ʮˡ
ϵƱøŨˣУĪ
гĬãصƣ죬Υ档ΪѳɣҲֹ㲻һУ뵱߳ʱֹûѰɣ
˵꣬ת˳ȥ
ߴعϣ⾲׵ȴһף˰áҮкȻѾ˳ߣڸֱ̬ȣֻ֮ʣˡ
к͸߻˸̽ѯ˵ʲôʿȻſڣλϣկկߡ
ԴӼ׵Ϣǰ߾ٰʢ¼Ĳﲻ˴ϲʤţȴֲܸ뿪ֻҽֹǽҰǰڸһӾ˾Ÿ
ϵ飬ȥλկһ
˵֮ˡҶСѰ˴ϵ׾ӳɽסԼۡΧɷѿĵΪǰ¶ں쳾ոմһͱлɽѾҰˣ⼸λϿûǵԹ
ЩСܲӰ죬ЩȴеƽƫҶС졣̫м˵ЩӵɽʵǸ֮˵̬ȣѾѸк͸Ӱˡ
뿪ˣߴһ죬΢п˴ֻһˣʣµһг˸̬ȷŷк͸еֺ̬ǻ߲ᱳѣĴҲǾԺˡ
ж֮УŹȻССƽʱǸ߱ּ̬ʱȴԵôС
ԴӸк͸оǰ˴еλȨصĳϣߴ֮ȴԵǰһĻڸŷк͸еЩ֮С
ʵûδѱˣⶼָвȶġʱҲ£ʮʱ䶼ɽĶǷ±ʵСƣķӦѾٶˣֱӰľ;ɥ¶ڶ־Ͳôᶨͬǰܲʧġ

ߣķˣоơŮѽյһӣΪҶСƣҶСڳĲ£ӻֵ°ɣҪʱһǣ
ǣŮʩһ񣬿¡һߣҶСӣһζȶ߰㣬Ȼϣӻһţɶִӻƿеһˮ
ҶС÷·ʹһֺ꣬ŲҲޱȾ޴ҶСÿ춼ϴĲȣʵ۵һͣ¶ҪܵԹٵȴκ˻ҶСһҪ顣
ҶС첢Ϊ˻ӻ˷ѣ֮ԵôĲˣΪ˿ûгԣôĲˣÿһ˶šڳǵĿ֮£ɲðգ˭֪ǲûжСʻ괬
ջûеǾεĸŷк͸˵ĵĺʹ㣬ֱ뿪ֻʣ͸ˣвų̾ϢһҲǴһʼʹˣøߣҲڸɡ
ǵã벥ᡣΪҪύһϣ˾Ȩ죬ɹλҽ̽ٲ֮ء
з߷ߵصҲˣǸһĻᣬЩ峤ҵĻģʱ򣬿ҶҪ˽
߳Ĭãôô죿
ֻϻڵһҧһᣬЩɧңҲʱģʱˣԻᰲʱ˭ǵý֮£ɿɽв
ߵ۽ǳ鴤˼ûɱߣľʵ֮ڿڡɸлصۣô˵Ȩ˻ɷŹȴһҪ군ģʱԥǻ׷Ī
˽սã̾Ϣһ֣
һϲҪ޺ۣ˿ǰõġ
չյ˹ƣĶҲһ
е²˳٣ϣ͸϶֣䣡֣Ϊһʧ֣һҪʱ
ҲģȻģѶ֣ҾͲ֣

ҶСʱʵ̫̣֪Լߵж໣ˣȴ֪˴Ͼжֻʵ󳼵Ĺϵ²⣺һʵۣӢ䣬µĴҲдĸЩֻûӣֻҪǵһ£ҲҷҲɱ
ҶС߹˰˴ϵڰ˴֮ܿ£ҪɱԼ˴ֻҪʹɫǵЩĸͻ֣ʵˡ
ߺͳΪͬߣشΪ˼ߵˣߣҲӵϵĵλǰ̳ΪƿǵڣûԼкվڶһ졣
±Ͳ÷ΪߵǵһһµģƫƫҶСôһ࣬ΪߣƫҪԻٳǣҪ̵Ӱ׵ȨͳΡ
ʱգѾ˰ǶܵơǵĸǷԸ߻ᣬܺ쳾ջ󣬲ɽǿЩ߽ӴˣҲ߳ȥ
ʿǻհ첻壬һʿǣȥ߿ˣǱٺɣħ壬ҲԶԶʿܹܵĵߣǲհġ
ҲлôһˣΪٻеô˭˭ûУĸЩˣҲ޷ȷҲһһ̽ԽͷֻԶ֡
йȵİ֣ȡһֻɫСƿӿУһЦҶСŷȥŮվſڵߴϯϺ͵ڶǼݵŮһæʩ
öˣźܺأҲܺãвݻᱻҶСɫλϣмܽҪҪȫ°ɣŮҶʣæӦһŲƣܿȥ
Ťͷ˸һۣ£УĴָƿϣùһ㷿ţ˽ȥ


77 һ
ֹȵ㿪õţĴָĨƿһֻСٿԾС
ͿĨҩǾ綾ޱȵСĺҷǶסƿۻƿһнƾָͬʱɣϣһ˫ȴֿ졣
ߡ
лһȻʹסˡ
ֺϣһųʳϱ߰˽յɫʳľͷŸߴĴǣ·ʽڵȴտյģûˡ
ҵ˳ֵ׼ۼһĻæתźûˣеĳһĿȻҲܲ˵ӡ߲ȥˣˣ
вߵ⣬ùȲᣣˣ̽һۣǾŲһ㣬ÿټܶߣ൱ڰɽĸ߶ȣȥضǵġ
ԶԶվȵͷŮϵĺϽȹܹ߳ɫأ
ŮΣȵصڵŰһϲǷڲ࣬ÿζҪǺ档һֱվſڣֱλϸ뿪
ǳȥ
˵һŮϽ£ۼ溮һŮ־壬˳ʱһңЩͷҿһŮס
º󣬸һ˫ɨãһص
߾ɥصҲ뵽ˣǡصأܣܶ˶֪ܵصģοͨֻ߲֪ܣҶСѡļ̳ˣ֪Щ
ԾʯɵȷʵأҵءοأȴжַֻȺݴҵַ涨ϣȴֻһǶԵģ£㳤ҵõأܳԵĳôܸ㹻ʱȥһ鳢ԡ
ҶС첻ͬǴӾܵĵص׸ֱӽĺĻҪģֱصࡪҲǴʯңٷĻأȻס
ˣҶСյĻذҲֻռصһ벻Щصֻҵˣ֪̽Щصͨ
߻Ȼˣô죿
ЦЩʲôǽһľϵģޱι̡֮ͨܣλߣҲʯɽڳһصһֱͨɽ⣬ڱȻԶΧأȫǵˣӵõ
һ˵һߣԸ̣ʿ֮һеطߣ

ʱһ¥ҶСλߣܸɽἸկ춥Ĥݡѡ־޴կկһˣ
ߣǰ׼лġ֮УһǸеİݰֵܣֻͼô°߰ģλ죬ڱļ£ɿȻͼΪԴˡ
λկþòдӲ෽һȴ˽һ¥ھŲ㽨Ϊߴ󣬵ټͨ¥ĲôߣЦڴеĻصЧΪԡ
λһעĿȥͼЦ߹λ죬Ϊ
ǰݰֵܸص𾴵ĸдˣ֮ڲˣɽ⣬Ӧʾǵ𾴡Ǿ˸ߴǣǰأݼ
Сһԭˣɵúţλ£ʱ޷ӼǣλæȻȥȺټҪôڸկס£ҵȵȿ˵ʱ䣬ټǡ
ǰݰֵüͷһ壬𾴵ĸдˣԴ߻ɽһֱæϾӼκһ졣⡭̫ɣǲ岻ʣʲô
ɫһʲô˼
ǰݰֵܵ߸ոռλȥˣҵԵ߽̻߽ѻصֽԶδһԴʵ⣡
ⷬ»˷׷ǰίиڳϵļӺǳһһ죬˶ʱסڣһŤͷȥ
ͼǰ̨ϵǶıǰðһͷ˻ؿڴʱðͷһߣֱ뱦ǰĵƽ롣
ʱ˲ſмһʯ̨ϵһϮ£ׯϣߡҶСʱݼһǰݵڵأվغѭ죬кһûôҲö
һҶС죬㵵Ŵͣһʱ֪˵ʲôźáҶС쿴һۣ˺һЦһһۣ˶ȡ
һ飬Ͻʩ񣬽Ͱ͵صܡӲμߡ
񣬶ɣ
ҶС쿴۹ľλ죬λ죬أ»ĳ˽񣬻֮һֱæڴԲټǣҪְ
λæңң
ҶСΣǽΪǰؼһ£
һλ칪ǣߣֹ˵ɽд֮ףҵҵǰذݼֻǰжλȴԵݼߡ
ҶС조žش˸ָߣ߰ɣ
޴룬ʵߡҪȥ
ҶСؿһ㣬صҪȥկδһλ죬ʾˣôλô
ҡû
гԳԵ˵ţͼҶСѾʩʩȻߵ˴ſڣλһһϲصӣ鼱֮£æҲ׷ȥ
ҶС챾￴ζţɶŻƿˮȻصһغѭ˽
ҶСͷԸǣпվڳǱﵽתתҲһۣ֮쵽תƣ·űһ㣬ֻǰڹű֮ڣȴڴ˷ΧڻǵɣΪǺ߱Ͼû˺һƤ
ǣֻΪĴй䣬Ѱ·ߣΪĿ⣬ΪҶСڻȴδ뵽ƾԼǵֹҲܿܶŵġ
ѭ쵱Ȼû£ʦȴǲԹɫĴмҡܻԽԽ٣иողõ뿪вЩ¶صУȻԱຬ塣
ϾһЩ˴ڲ϶ìܸĲҲ࣬浽һҪҶСԿĳϺܻ֮ܿա
ԣϻأҶСһУҶСһ˴֮ѺͬʱвμķϾ
رСˣҶСҲ֮Сˡ֮ĶСˡ֮ȵ׼ޱȣֻԺ֮ձܿ١
к͸سһ¥ʱҶСѾھŴĴӵﳤȥˡ


78 ΢
к͸߸ϵſڣͼŷվǶһʧǵӡѿʵأ
ŷûлͷֱֻؿǰ֣ǰΡΡһָк͸ָķȥͼ֮񷤣ҶС;λֱ񷤡
ҶСƺӦȻͷһ֮ۡĲ̫Ŀк͸ȴܵҶС켥ڽĿ⡣
ŭŷУΪʲôסΪʲô
ŷзоŲӣôʲôҪߵķô
ŭ㡭
ŷصиȥˣҪҲţҲѶλˣΪβŰɡ
ŷзȥк͸ıӰΪ֮ᣬŭؿ֮ϣŸлʦǡ񷤵ˮ滮ȥʱȻ֣оȻҲ񷤡
վҶСʱ͵һҶСıӰҲ֪Լôˣ費ã͹ʹظ񷤣ʱԸԸֻһѡǾӲͷƤҶСͬһˡ
صİϷĹʲôӣټͨҲңôλߣܹô
кȻֶӵĻΪϣδȢֶ׵ܼҵĺӣһ缺ԼӿҶСҪ˴ϸѡһ׾ȥͭʻ붼δѡ
ɽżµʱɽֶ۽磬ԸзǳТʱɽЩƥʳƣ常
йΪ˴֮һʲôζ޳ɵãǵͣúܵԸȴӵĿϲ֮֡
Ȼһλɽ֮ȴûѮֶԹСֶһͣһ£ֺγܡ
ǣܵĽЩ裬ҲΪ̺ģԱһڸϲûһʲô񣬵ûйȴйƽ̣١Ȩеһжڹƽ̣Թƽ̵ά֮ĲκһϵĽͽ
˵ҪѴҶɽ˹ƽ̵ĸҲˡԭк͸ڵʱǸ͵Ӧڻ˸к͸ߵңȻǡ
ֱڣȻ޴֮УʶҶСġŲòѡһǶȥ˼߲ǹƽȨߣĲƸΪʲôһҪԻٸԻٸؽһָ׷ǻʧȥһУӵиࣿ
ȵһӣڳȥͥԺȻɽһֻһҪô壬úɣжӵֶĵȰ˵˼Ӷҡ
ѭվһؿʱͷʱͷʱҶС죬ɫ粻ģ̲ס۾ʵǴˮ𣿡
ͬؿһæ͵˵Цˣ˵ЦˣϷ򡭡ϷϣаƽˮĵλСֵ˵߯Ҳơ
˵ţиϽѭ˵ᡣ
еկӾİǨ֮ѾֻʣһˣկһţһҪҵĽæµСҶСһկӣ棬ȸԾš
Ƿ׷·ߣǵߡǵ˾ǽȨȨΨһͳŶĤݴЩڲȽݵĳߣܵǰ棬ֱҶСʺãѥ⡣
мһĻиǷ˺˼ƣ߲˵߰ǴɽȥʹջѾʧȥ˾ηġôΪʲôǶɷĵأȰ
˵ҶСϵ֪ͨסկߵڲһӭݺңң˵ҶСϲȴһס
пЦŶݵŮѽ˴дҪġˣҪ߳ȻѣɣǵɽկԱȫʱȥʲôңɲǶŮ鳤ʱ򰡡
ҲǵֻðסԼļ飬οңң
ֻŭŮڴػص˰Σվסùصһپʯĵ棬ȵߣȥҪʲô
ŭߵſڣҿһȵȥѸŷСиҽ϶Լ۾ϡס÷ľͲᷢôд
ĸЦӣյĸСͻĸ̫ԶԼͲúһԿߡȻʱպҲˣΨһģǰԼѡ·ȥ
կžۣʮ죬ԼҮСС컹иСжЩϺ׼ϵλȻЩ֮ϣ֮λȴǳ΢
ҶСףǺͲǷȨϵкȨϵУӦ÷ֱҶСֱߺֱߡǳͬΪϵĸӦҶСֱλǸУٴҮУȻУ׼϶졣
ǣ˿̵λȴǶףҮоӴΣٴΣŲǸк͸С׷ҶСõˣγźͽΣУᶨվ˽һߡ
Үк޳ҶСɽ֮ߵģǰ˴ȹ鸽ˣУҮгפҶڸеɽկҶСĳɽƻܴ
ԣҶСָöλҮд֮ٴ֮ĸк͸ݡλݣΪߣȴֻĩϯ
ҶСѾ̬ȣӵҵġҵģгͷصĿܣȱ㱾ĵλܵͣҲ԰εһ֮£֮ϵĵλ֮Ȼ
ǣ챾ǳϣ˴϶ڣλζհ˴һҪ̨ɽԴӣЩĻһͳҲú
˭ҲûеƣǲûеƣҽҶСһţһֺ΢̬ˣǶ׼϶죬Ѿ̬վӵҮСУͼĸУҡڲĸУⶼǵһ̬ȡ
Ķʮλ죬֤ϿְšǧĹƽ̣һҶСַһ䣬΢̬лĻ
к͸߻иŷСмҴҵظϵ˸еɽկϯϣλĶλĸҶСЦ̸ʲôдŸԼŷСŭ˹
ϯ϶ʱе˶ǿŤͷҶС죬նʱýЩŤһӣĿձ
ҶСЦĵļ򣬶ܵϵѸٰҶС𵶵ǶƵĿ⿴Ÿеˣ΢Цλ˰λϡλɽկλϺβϯһͬϼأ
ϯĩ˵ĿָָϵЦݺ¶ĿӸк͸߼һһӹһаҲǵһλᡭ
һΪãĲٸ˵ڶη˵ĻᣬǾ޴ˡٷ£ֶΣĥֻԷѡˣ


79 ֻϦ
аһߣдôܻĳ۽ءӹ߻ִ֡
ž
ҶСѾһ٣õصУɽأɽаȻȻ򣬽ﲻ˳ˣôոջɽǱ𲻵ô
ҶС컷ңԱɽ컹ʹǰݼֻܳʱ⡭ѵǱӦôҪôУִҪǺξģĪЧ²ܰЮ
ĳǵȻ֪ܰЩǣȻд󲿷ֶ顢ʶ֣Ҳ֪ܰĹ¡ϪɵأһһĴ˵ΪҪ֮һܲܲΪ֪
ˣ촽ţĿ磬ҶС컰˵ôأȻҪҶСһˮԱռƣֱӷ޺ô
̣ǿǷӲصӲң
ҶС첻ͷصɨˣм˹Ľһɣʲô񣬱ȨΪ
֪û취ȥˣɫתߣĬȻתһԲ
ŷк͸л̸Ǻ棬ٳɵĲ֪ǺãҶСһۣȻŷСУλһֻޣڽƺ֣пеģβСü
ҶСǹ£ˣһʱվס˽ŲŤͷŷк͸СҶСֻŷк͸е֣һ֪Ϊѡı֮һղûоѳ׶·
гſҶС죬Ťͷк͸ߣЩɲĩϯĸм״֪ԼֵľûᣬȻΪݣȷ̬ˡ
λϣϯǿǴ󲻾ˡֵҲܳʱûһˣ£һ
ŷ˳̨ףЦǣУǲһԼưɡ
ѡȴҲԼˮһУڸȸиߣʱֻһϯ֮ؾ㣬ﻹģȻǸ֮ˡ
бŷţҲȥк͸ѿɫư͵ظŸŷаѹһ٣ȻȥϼϼѤУУȴѪһ졣
˰ΣߡǺǡЦٲ߿ȥٲͷһۣӰ쳣ɪ

ڣһڣֻһյƣǹƺΧĺڰˣ޷ռ䷿ӣԵ쳣ࡣйűԣƹӳƣһ鴢ʮġƤ
ڶУĿãֻصĺãƵȨ̫ϳϰɡҿĺ֮Ӧáһ
һ̧ͷ·šƤͻȻˣͻȻŭ䶯˵ʲô
߿նãǻзΪʤĻô
͵վߵǰݵصʮ޶Ů˵ôΪʲôΪ˸ȨΪ˼ˣһУΪ˹ƽ̣
һ˵һùٵأƵ
صҲͬߵǡվһߣ񼣳ŷĸڶ߸Ǹ¶ûᣬд̲ܣô죿
۾׺ݵĹ˸Ҳδؾûлᣬ£ǻһ
׷ʵһȥߣܵ˭ǵĸʮ֮˾Ҳ˴治
нص˲֪أ
üô
ʱߵˣֱȵ
̽뷿䣬ʩ񣬹صϣ߻ڸկƣϯҪ֮ǰؼ룬ǰĴ֪ͨˡ
֪ˣ
дӦһ뿪ȴҶС죬կУͨկ񲢲ߺͳϼʲôϢǺ״ġ
Ųӣдʣ˰ΣͻȻһթ
߿еټǰȣҪھһ硣ʩ֮Իǣǵж
лȻתߣ²˳٣ͽװ˵կִܲţϰǨҶԹȣͼ췴ҹϮկݻ֮
תկķЦЩկʿ䲢ϵߣҹ»ս˭ڻУҲڵǹ֮£ݻ𣬺ٲ붾ܽɽ·ţ
ѵ߲ηƣһˮЧޣҲ˲
лͷһ۵ʱѳɹ¼ҹˣҲѵɱˣ
ߵկ䣬կ޶Թկߴ󻤷֮һóȻǿϴôûӡţֻǵǣ
зߵǰĿ⾼صԣҪȥ˵̬˵ѱʲôɿţͱʲôɣ֮ȥǱկҲҿ
ߴƤ˼ΣһЦˣϹͷֺϧ߳ƤңΪ̣Ҿһйˣ
߻վƹ⽫Ӱӳǽϣ·һߴľˣ

еĿһյƱյů
ҶСһƤֽдִӾȡǿſֲĹƳ׹Ƴ¸ϳ룬дһһöӡ¡
ҶСպЩɰֽӡߵķӡպӡ£ƤֽСľãһʵ׳˫ֽӹ
˾ǽ˲зѵǸˣҶС֮ԼȷʵǸ׼жʱ䲻ǱǰǴھͿʼˡ
ҶСʮҪկѾˣٶԡһоͰˣ
켤ص߷ģҲ뿪һҶҹϻȥ£һ׵
ۿλȻ뿪ûɫҶС쳤˿ʱסˣд˿̲ڣҹ죬ʾ࣬ԹɫֻҪŶģշЩǽͷݣҲֻԶǽͷˡ
ȻҶСڷƺˣ˼ץϵ嵶һתͼţſѲ֪￴ãԼҧŴһЦ۲ˡ
ҶСʱͷһСĵص˽̫ۣܲܲŪ
Ҳ֪Ϊ˶ãΪէһξϲۻȴôһ䣬ʱߣ󷢽˭ŪˣһĻ컰˼Ū㰡


80 ʬ
ҹ˫ڽŵæµţǶԷжڼȴȷԷжʱ䣬ΨˣǸӽţΪΣʱֶֻܷռȻ
¬կ͸կһߴ󻤷֮һ߸֮ԾлݣΪɽڲģǿΪǾʷΪƾá
ʱͬǨ˴Ĺ߸䣬ǻһ˾֮ʹˡƽ̴һǧٶ꣬ɽҲһǧٶꡣ
ɽжӵȻɽаճ٣ز߶࣬򼲲ȥ߶ࡣǵĲ˿ʼûдӣһǧķչ߸еκһ춼ܷܳһС˿ˡ
˵ڶϸ߸¬կæկгϺԼļӭ˳һߣӭ𾴵ĸ߳ϣô
߳ɫկ˵˵һȣկȥ˼ɫأæҲЦݣĺ棬Ϥ¬կһУֱ˼һתзּ£
һ·ɫ㷣Ȼ߷ּĸ֣ͷʶرϥ򵹣˫ַأ׵취ּ
կܲٳٲϰԭַ߶ȥկʸģ񾹺ȻΧͼ߲߷ּȼݡ
һȻϣ˵˵бߣͼ߲
ߵ˵ͷŭصÿʮ꣬Ҫôһ֮·ϣðҪֶɱٵõʮ̫ƽֻأԭҲϡ档
ֻǸկԻݱ̣ɳɽȴͷһһǽıȻ͵Ϯסߣ޿ˡøկҷͷ֮ޡ
¬կһλϰ಻סϣ˵Ѿסߣ
صһͷʾѲʮɴ󣬽ھŲܻ𣬸е˳岻ȥҲ޷˸կұܾȵߣ
ô˵ﻹҳɡʱկΪҪɱΪ߽ΧԶ˵ڵһԼկͷǺȵǻŸʲôټȫկ׳ɱΪ߻
߼״һ˿ЦٿȻʱ·ϣϸǹô˵֮˵©ٳá
˼ȥջǽ˵˰Χ޹߲¡ǧɱԱڡȻôɽҪҪһʦڵص֮ϣҲʦշʱ취ıˡ
뵽ԼΪƽ̵ĶϣһıȻ˳ɷѿģҪҳôɣߵһӾ͸еĲࡣ
ͬǳϣеԵĻֽʮ꣬Ѿ̳һӵߣ˵޽˼ɱϾģоȻұ޹ҲΪСǧɱڣ¸еļѳɡԼȴֻƭ
վ´ţԽԽģȨȻͲһ˿

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Ů˺ˣǹǰСĵ˻ȥٵͷﴵֱǲžžһǺڻҺɳ˫֣ҲϴץһذƤ֦ڹ
аˮˮǴͿʼݵĲסԼһЩζҲ֪ʲôҰ޵ɶȵһĲˣٰǲߢĸɫҰһԶȥСΰͽȥ
ʱˣͷ棬ڻϴЩǸûеģסѣԵʳˣһһػŶһ
Ƕһв࣬߶ԼҵϾǰ棬תضغ࣬߻߶һ£ͽھӷǰ˶һżＸ䣬Ǽ򵥵Űѵñĳһ䳬ֵĻ
ʱһԲֻǶ߹ȥĬĬЩ߶£Ҷ׳һţغࡣ

һƳźͭɽ̫ߣǵ˽ӽʱ֣սԹоǼյʱȻҲ޴жϣÿϹʱֻܴŹŵ˼ٻ
ͭʱһѾԹ緹ǰͻԼļţͬһˡ
һˡˡˣ˴˼棬ֻŰʾڣҲѵüһ˿Цݡ͵񡢴͵ı顢Ķ֮߳ΪʬΪǡ
ǶһеееҪ粻һԴӱڴˣǵֻʣ»ţΪ˻ŶţȤ񲻾һʬ⣿
ÿһ磬ӣϵ󶴣ڼ๤ʿĶȡ¸䡢󶴡ʯɳһһڳñһر
һЩ¿һĥתתȥڿʬߵĥʬǰţкڿʬͰѿĿʯʹֿɳĥм©״ףȻſտǵ߿
ĥʬʱǻͣḥ̂ʯغЩʯʯĥϸɳٱװƳ͵ϣʱ͸Ů˺ͺǳˡ
ʱɫѾˣⲻ룬ԹȵˮϵɺأˮҲ߹ǡŮ˺ͺȥȡ˽ɳװ˽ǵĺˮʼԽ
ЩˡӾۼĵط˼ܹһЩڵĶԻԼżЦȻ̴ܶ١
˺ͺû˿ǵģΪûбҪõ˽ؽɳǵעҪսڴˣӶûκ壬ҪǶԽӣӶȡһƥһĲϡһûзùĵףܶΰͣٴ͸һҩ
¿󶴺͸ĥɰȴ˿صģĿҲǵǼԵǵйֵǻԽ
ܣɳȵ̫ҪߴӼأӸ£һ˵أĪǶġ󹤡˵ǲҪϣȥֻҪﵽĽޣüôȥǾͻᷢ˷ȥȥȥΪԼһϣ
쿴첢ûʲôֻͬҪڣƣӻصǵĹѣٳһʳȻͷһ˯ֱڶһ磬ʼǰյ
ڴڼ䣬ҲΨһ¾ͺӶԳ˼ɰΪǵļȡһƷǣһעһģΪǵߣ콫ĸʮ˲
߷ּزϵ챾һǧսʿ·Ȼϵ˽ɳȡ·˽ɳؾһּͿɺȻ׼֮󣬵˴ŰȻصɽ


81 ٳ
ҶСԶֶΰѷĳϺǵĸǸɵɵЩˣҪȥȡǵġɽ磬ҶСҲңеĲ£Ҫеְοɽ
Щ֮Ҫȡһϵһýϼ켸ҹɽ·δܸϵõû˰ƵĻЩͲС
Ҫɳİ֣ȵȻҳϣҪԵҪͳβеĴ壬ӵ൱ǲܹεȾսһˣȫô
ҶСûʱѧԺЩһһɲģϸֱܶһ棬һɳЩǡͳ˲Ŵ⡣
Щ˱ڴΪԽ𣬶ҶС˵ǲĽɳԣҶСҲԽˣҪЩ˴ӽɳԳȥΪá
ͷҶСױϸϸؿ˰죬״ͷص㷭ȥĻû꣬ӡߵģ˭Ҽð㲻Ҫģִаɡ
ͷһЦֵܣżϸˣӡŵȷ٣
ͷ۾İϣǸ̬һͷϺЩ˶̵ˣԵ޹ʵģΪʲôҪأ
ôߵľˣ
棡ֻǺ棡ЦҪǣܻЩҪҪʰװ뿪˵ҲҪʱ䣬αôżءɳﷸһ£ߺд˾Сʵںĺܣֲֵ˵˵
ûص߾£ֵõ˵ģ֪ҵǶ֪һЩصײƵˣ¶֪ɣ˯¸Ǵ֮ףдлְϷɽĻʵϲˣɽ⣬ѧʲôϡô
У
ͷЦʼպºͣǽ˿ȴе·ǰһѩ׵޻һܷ룬Ҳ֪ȴƫƫ˽ս
ͷ߰·ּӦǲּɣٲҲһʿزĳϣȷϣҲʿ˵زҲǾĲ䣬Ϊʲôֵּܿʵڲˡ
ԴӸк͸ͷͻ˸еˣƿĲԴ˵ȻǸеľĸϺЩԸԶҶСóȻٶȻʡ
ֻ֪ϺѾͼذ֡ûҵĵزˣҶС촫Ĳû˿⣬ҲҪӲҳЩӣҪʱ䣬ʾ˵
ǸܴܸߴĺӣڵƤͦεı΢΢촽Ũصһüһֺܸĸоʱδؾܱ¶Ը
˴ͷһʣɫһ䣬¶һݵı顣ͷһӺˣ˵֣ĪʲôݵĻ
һ£Ҳǲ˵ֻǡˣҾ˵ɡ
һͷĲӣһǣǽɿ첲Դͷʵ֮ûϻʿʵΪףϣôˣ
˵һ¶ɫԾؿͷ󡣷סͷĲʱͷͿʼ䱸΢΢ְסʱ׼
˭ϵǽǣȴſ֣ͷıȥˡʱһԾſڣ˸еĳƺͷոһһۣ룬ʶؾŤͷȥ
ſʲôϣֻļǶȻߡ
ã
ͷһҪǰԾѾˣһִֻӱһסգϱֻ¶һ˫۾±Ͷס˴룬漴ʺһʹ
һڷĶ̵ĺܴĨ˹ȥֵټϴͷӱϸһĲӲΪ롣
ͷӼĲţǵȰĴεعգҲãֻһ˫۾۾¶޾Ŀ־
񱻸˺ļرĴ˼£شһ龰ͷǰֻʧɫ׷װγǿ죬İΪ׼Ƕ죬ǰεǰ˸˾Ȼˡ
һƬѪӰֳѸٷŵˣǴͷһˣʣµĻʿվһԵָƴƣţıɽ
ѴͷʬǰһƣͷϵѪЦ߷ּǾҿѵɣʵǣ֮λͼıѾߴˣǻ±ͶΪ˭أ
еĻʿʿⷬͷǾĿʬ壬Ĳ֪롣
أһ𣺡ȻеͶһȣ½˶ص
ء
ĺŽ𣬴Ŀ档棬·ɳȣνսϿϷıկ¥ԭĻӷпܡ
֪գЩҲ֪ڵʲôʱ䣬ֻչĺŽǣܵΪɫѾˣԼýƺ̫졣
չĺŽùߣ¨Ŵ͵Ĳȥ߳ӵʱ򣬶ʱǰһĻˣǱΪĻǻʿǼලϽɹߡ
ǴʱǰķȴһȺͷ桢ڵĸ˺ͺӣһЦšţ׷ѰԼɷ򡢸ף档
Ƿ𣿡
ո߳󶴣͵߽ʬĿǼ̾㵵ı֮ٶ¶һֻŵı飬źӷˣҲҲһֻȥɡ

ʱ¬կģἯϵʱǡҹʱ֡
ͣ£߼䣬ͻȻֹҹеչϣʲô
ߵ鲻óҰŵ̽Ϣ˵
·ϱ㰲һʿз׼ʱ˽ɫΪѾлȣûпż̽ݺ˹
ǰװģǵһб䣬ϷԸֱӹеկӡ
ʱһģ֮߱ڣȥ֮ΧȴȥеıկǺε
ϣôװɣڵȥΧΪڲˣҪȥеıկ
öԲߣϷ֪ôֻǾôʱ䣬ھŲ֮İ˲Ѿȫռ죬мأβܹýȥ
һǾù£бկǱϮܵУֱӹеıկӣˣ˶ˣʲôΪǹؾȣΧκԣ㶮
ôһ˵ȷҲеˣĳֱȡկɣ

ֹаĿĵͶկĵƻ𴦣һԷ򣬳ȥԱݻϷͷҲݻݣǴ湥ȥһ
ɽдկһмȫľƣһֲĻկеǸʲô³Ϳ֪ˡ
ԷߵĴȻһȴȫΪầȻϣһկӶҪûˡ
ЦҪľȫկС
ΌߵķԸֻǹеıկսٸկòƲߵ
صҰģò׷棬ѵϳͣʴȣЩ±ӦᣬҪվһ
ᱻߵĻëȻλϣӡ˴ڲټֵ֣֣ĳ֪ˣĳ˶ϱǣ


82 
žҹͻȻˡݻʹկѸٱһɽӱѸٵׯڲšţ·ֻͶ档
ֻ񷤺Сܹ˷ǳޣկаҪֻ棬ʡҵص
Ҳһѵʮֲ࣬գᵶʵʲôãɱУǹʹһѵ֣ƺֻһֲѹסеѪеɱ⡣
ɱɽկе棬Ǳ̵һ󹦳һνģ
ߴΪž뵽կһΪƽأҶСڻֻǵ֮£ͻΪ򣬱Ϊ̵ġ桱Ƥвֲ̣Ͼͱɹϲóɢˡ
ܵĻӳԵ쳣ˣǣҪɷʮаǧؽ٣Ҫħȴֻһ֮䣬һѡ˳ħ
ҶСվԶһɽϣŹɽկվԱߣǾȻ´˶֣
ݵĵطסỽģǵ˶ֻڣһկʲô
ңңɽ£ŤͷУҲȰǰᲮһϲţɽկӣɡ磬ӻվˣͷǳȥסӡ
ҶСˣңңͷңңͷ΢ǷһǷҶСֻһͷͱ˹ȥҶСҲδ⣬ֻǡɵһȻҲؿȥͷ
ңңԣȴرܿҶСĶСʱϲҶС츧ԴҶСůůģͷʱֻèһ⡣
꽥ҶС컹ϰԵСӿЩϰˡҶСƫƫԽԽϲңңֺΡ
ҶС촹֣Ըеկͱˣʵ˽ʱգ߳ɽѾ˱ȻЩñͲܴߣֺαִء
ҶСɽܵһһָһǧˣկڴ˴ǧ꣬ˣһˣһ飬汲ׯӻǧǰģΨһžǣүүʱܵģǸ̫үүʱģǳɽǶڻֻһɽկʮٿٺ١
ҶСתɽкѹѹȺǾվǶŮˣŮ˱źӣϣĿⶼͶϡϣ֣ɽǱ죬ɽʵǺģܹоõ
ҲʧҴǳȥͻҶСĵװطġ
ǰһͻʯϣѭµصҿ˷һ֣ҹ˳ɽկƣһӲϲģҲ湻ݵģҪ˵͸óկʱһǶˣҲûн֮Σˡ
ظֶ״ƮݣѭⷬصһЦԣٴĻԵҲǳɾһغǿḷ֮̌ͬĻԵܳɾһۣ簲
ѭؿһۣʲô˼
صҵ˼ǣҪԹ˵ãֻ˱˵ȴûͬ㣬Ҳһɲʲô£ʱ㻹ǻῴűɹˣ˵˼ֻá
ѭһƨ͵̫ԣû£δҲǻʵۣ
Цص⵹ǣ˵ĲԼ¡ҵô
صոк͸կܲɱȻܣһȾͳʦЩһֱŴϡһȫΪ̵˸ǵ꣬ӶӰ춫̵
ߣǶ̴ɽŭԹȫ£ڷδʱȫƾһ˵µɱ˸к͸ߣҲûɼϴ൳ײ󻼡Ȼ
ܵĻ洦ѻһԭλϻĴ˾ͻǣԭǵ˾ͻƿԡ
ͷ˽ɳȵߣΪߵͷлȻǣҪã͵λӰŸǡƾһѻ𣬶ҪһЩλλûκ˸ɡ
ƾһѻ𣬾Ѿ֪Ͷ˶̵ǼλϣԺҲùԹԼβˣԳڶǰָֻţֻҪץסᣬȨ˳Ȩˡ
Ȩһ˵ģȨȻȨɴãȨ಻ȻôѻѧʴأҾãǳҹѻ𣬶û׼Լһѡ
ػû˵꣬㴫һȣŤͷһͼҶСҿô𣿡

Сˣ
ĵغţ̫ˣüӶǵ˳Ľζ
Ǳܹ׷˴۽ǵĻ磬Ըߵûˣһ˶ûУ⾿ô£
ҧгݵصСˣ̫ա̫˰Ȧףмơ
ɵص˵Уɣϼһʲôʱôˣ
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пԣֻһţ˲ôˣկмǿյģǱз⣬ǿˣ
·ҲסˣǱӣҵȲϣг岻ȥҵٰڣٱеΧסʱңҹ㣬һİ⽰ɡֻҪܼ죬ؿѶһ򾡣
пԣǾͺˣֻиǸӣҳȥʲôãǸһԶ˽ӣֲֻܶὲ
ԽתһɣȰһߣźţС̣߱ͼıߣ֮
ںһ𣬺ĴжʱѣѷڿտӹĲ̶Ѻһȼ棬ȻȽ͵ġһʱɫʱô˼׼һа
ߺȻһǸϪƽɽ浱ʱϪϵǳУҲɽϪ˴ϪȻ£Ĵã˵ǰɲһ˽
ҶСܿ׼ʱ뿪׼ҹϮկû𹥣ȶһһ¶ԲߣֻΨǴ˵еɱ˰ɣ
һˣߵĶ־ʱˡԴҶСð˴е֧֣߾Ѿˣ֮¬ҹϮկǴˡ
м˼ƵľԼУ߲Ȼر˴˵սʤҶС쾹ǰ㱾죬ﻹһ˿ʤ㡣
дȣٿȻɫǰ־ŭصϣĺô£ң߾ǲ
߱ЦһеʱԼΪʲôһڵˣڤڤ֮е⣬ҪһѶ𣬴һ˿־
߲ᣬᵶھҴôĴôϣҵĲðµ񷣣ô߱лɣ
ۣ
ߵᵶأ״ľۼηԾǰ˵ĻλԼǱˣߵķǷͶ
УҶС컺Уŵ߿յȼһѶ𣬶ؿĵؽ͵㿴˰ɣ֪ǻҹϮһŻء
ʵҰ˵կӣǴԼһѻ𣬲ȱңôİǵļ԰֮һ棬ˣ㿴ôկôұӵģ˵һģ˵ô𣿡


83 ļ
С磬ˣ
˸žӨỨϲضҶС˵
ڻϤԾͶ󣬸а׼ɱҶСö綾֮̽ԼĶӡԾˣҶСѾһʱߣȥĴ
ĸܽʵܱܽȥְ֮˵İۺͱаꡣԣһõѡˣȥһӭһ޶ˣҶС졣
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ҶСվڸ߸ߵĹ̨ԣӲĿ棬¶棬ɽ˺һ¶棬ƱĤߵɧ͵ðһԸοˡ
ҶСŤͷ֣Ц㿴
æҡͷǿɲɣ߶Ĥأ˼ܺվһ𣬽Ĥݡ
ҶСЦվһʲôǻһأбҲţ
ݱҶСĻ绰ֺĵķ·һöʯһɽ磬շȴԾ⣬ϾǾ¶ĳСˡ
ʱӴбսӳϣƤӳ÷·͸һ㣬Ҳƴһ㣬ɷĸо˷޵ҶСҲȻĶ
Ȩ̼˵׳ҶСǿþˡܰûҶСһƵŹ߽֣ҶСиһͷ
ת߹ȥݲԵʱһסȻҶС;ͰԵȥֻһ˲䣬ݵȸͱӶˡ
ҶСһĺԣһԵ಻ɵصݽ͡ݼȫûеֻֿ֮Ǳصֿ˼£ͱһ˫زĲӣ˽ż
һϵò·һ˫ڽβߣݽؿڷ̣ҶСؿڣŷһ߱ţһ߱ţѿ˴ǰֻҪһ̽ͷܿ㳡Ⱥ
Ȼݵ类һ⣬ͱ˱ҶС죬泯ʯ
ɣ
ݱҶСһһѹһζ̣˫ʶس˴̨ϣȻ;ȹӱݶʱ󾽣ҶСǶƣӿˡ
ɣۼҶС̲ʵȽݺʲģС磬ø磬ݰɣģ±ô˿ţ˼
ҶСа⣬Ҫ̼ȣ±ߵ˿һŮڴں¹һʯǽֲķʲôϵĴ̼
ǣۼݾͨ죬ҶСȻЩʧҲֻգ˵ģʲô
ʱ֮ºȻһޣһˣһȺˣ޵˻ߡǣɤŶĴҶСüûö˶˵˭ںɥ
ҶСһʼΪǸлߵ׼ˣǵĵɽнϻʵڳ֮лҪʥĸķնҾ컹ȥ޹ģ
ҶСߵǰӲ̽һۣöö˹ǰɲĳһ˼ҵ׾졣һͷһߺޣҶСǱ߿ޱ߸ߺţҵĸҵԸΪ߰ǰ󡢱Ч
ҶСȻ֪ˣڽɳȵ˵˰ɡлл⾢޵ģҼݱƵġ
ݡꡱһЦϽסͣ͵͵һҶС죬δԼЦЩԹС˵Ų֣ʵﻹǹ˼Ҳ˳ôɡڴ̨ϱô˿ţˡ˼һŮֲˣôҪƤ
뵽鶯һתһĨ֮⡣ŽżֻèƵ߹ȥȵߵҶСߣ촽εεػС硭
ҶСŹ㳡ں޵ĿǣδشѾȥҶСֻʴĺ۱һƣֻĶ˵Сè˽ȥ

ҶС͵һԭڴ̨ϵ˫۽ˡʶһʽ˴ڣ㳡ǰںȻӦǵĿİݣ¶棬ʱ
ҶСŴһ˿ӲЦݣһһءؾһֱۣЩӲֱۺȻĳ鴤˼¡㳡ϵһΪ֣ɽХһ

ҶСԭ֮ǰؼһ컹ھˡԶĲʱ֪ϡͬˮ𣬵Ǹ߻ǸߣϺͶѾˡ
ڵһǶ죬Ӻ󱸳һΪϯϣûκλɣƾ߱ĽʱվҶСһߣͬĴʦ߾ѣټ֮磬Ϊߵķ´󹦣ġݹͣϯϷĪ
ڶҮУҮк۵λݡڷ߹ʵ࣬Ү׷ҶСʱãһֱסҶνǱۡɳˡ
һо˵ϣΣ˶ǴǰһҪ֪Үкԭǰ˴еĩλϣҶСڸ󡱵Ĺɲữ׽񣬶ҾԵӵ
ɳбͷŵЩ졢䳤Լְ˾ĸ߽Աȫٸԭְˣǵȡ֮ܵС֧֣ȡøС֧֣ҶСûз⣬ҲҶСᶨ֧ߡ
ҶСԾ˸СߵϮ֮Ѳҵ֮κһ֣ϲȡֶνһ﷭õֶλǱȽº͵ģûаЩŪȥ󹤣ǶȥǵȨ
һЩмЩ粻ѱ֮Ҳ²˾ЩǱڵвҲ޶ȵر֤Щ¶صλȨϳҶС죬ϾЩҲʲô࣬һʱĸж£ܱ֤ǵҳϡ
޴ࡢƷɺëڽ˼ҶСİ취ʱ˵һùķҲһ飬ȡ˼·ȴǿԵģҺܶʱһϰԵؾٶ˼άϰߡ
ҶСΣ׸ɡ׸Щϵһ򾡣ȫϴˣȴЩ֮ǯӽɳ̳ЩˡһͩһżǣڼңڼǯżңηǶƣʵһ
Ҳֻв취ſٶƽϢڲĶΪһҪ챻Ȣˣñڼûɽͷ鰡


84 ֮
ǧݲеɽ£Ϣ̬Ȼ⻹ǵһ߽ôˡڹеһУǶóأһ粻ͬĵطǶС롣
һʡȥҶСഽ͡ɽʱҶСˣǺɽ£ֻһ˾ٲɽȥԴڲǲ顣
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졢ǽصȴţȻꡱһƲ㣬ٶƵһڵأؽе߼ˣ
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ģ״ôôˣҶСεĽսս̫Ͼ֪꼱ȥ̫Ͼ뷣
Ȼ֪˼ΣǲУֻ˵޷ֽ׵ĳĸоģ̩ɽǰɫ̸ף
ҶС컹û˶Ĥƣëֱ̱ȥǼеɫˡؼʱ̣ܵŵϾõ̫ϾķţǹͨȽϿһ䡣
˵Щ黹Щ޷͵˵ĲᡢӡҮաӣЩʥͬһʱ˵ĳݷǳĽӽ
綫񻰹жһĴˮħʱŪħ֣Ȼϵ֮ħ뿪ˡҲƵ
ֻҶСŵĻɢͶҽˡõĿ൨ˣʹҲ֪˿ɽŰλһλ
ΪڵϵУֻһλ˵ڵϵУ׵棬ͼ׹׹кܶλһɲŽͬкܶλǽֻһλ߼֮ϻһλǾջڵϵв߼ɣͳߡ
Ǹ׹׵кٶȾͿˡ״˰Σɽƺɢˣ׵кһգһʱ޷㹻֮׻ֹˡ
ҶСץʱ䣬ӳɽ߻˲ڴ˴һߣææɽ
ۿѾԿɽµȺҶС˽ŲʩʩȻءϵɽʱϢѾƽȣѪɫҲѻָеһʱ˵Ŀ⡣
ҶСһֻӣڶϵжλһҶСʱõľһֻӣֻӴķǳʸУӵʽĻơڳŽ󡭡
ΪһϸҶСôʧأĿУ߸ߵؾֻصĴӣȵ˴ͣ
ȻѾԤϣ׶˽ͣеޱ𺳣ԼͬأٶڵأηֻͲǷߵס
ҶС컺ջظ߾ٵĴӣ˫ţ̬ȻʵԭֻΪֻ̫أƾ޷ٵ̫á
ҶСɽǵļ԰Ҳǵıӻ֮أǲԶڴɽһСڸĸıӻ³ɳһˣ͸߳ȥһҵҫ档
ǵĸĸǵĸĸϣгϢǣ⣬ǳɽϪ߳ɽĵһǣк͸߻ģֹһУǵ˵ɽ
֪ǵ˸ոճߣཨļ԰ͱǿռˡǸոտٵողӣͿԻ÷ջ񣬶أҲǿռˡ
ŭڣе˸ĿѡҶСһת泯ɽ⣬ֻصǰһ٣ȵΪǵļ԰Ϊ˲Ǳ˶ߵһУ֮ģͼ赲ǵģͳͳշ촷ۣ
ɱɱɱ
졢ǵȣغ
ҶС쵥֮ңָɽ⣬Ӣ˲һһһ
оЩԣĴսЩ̣
ҶСƤӳ鴤˼ЩʹصҲ̫ŵˣŪĵĲŪôأһ£Ҳˡ
أ

ţɽϸկѾˡ
ţɽϵ˲࣬Ҫﳤפ͵ðǵļҾǨʱƼңһ̬Ǵ˵ϰ˼άһҶСڹ˹٣Ǵªҳɲ뿪ˡ
οկЩɽ˵ǼƣկЩѾסɽ˵ûжô
կɽ࿪ٺõأܰԸǨӵ˵Ǹ¶˾үĵϣضһ˵ģðطָЩũūȴũūô
һկֻԵפһȺˣʾҵȨδķչȰռˣܻ𽥵͸뷢չУȶ׳Ϊ
פڸկЩ׳࣬һֻһңկĿǰûʲôɽĺ׳δջ񼾽ڡǵʳӱġ
Щ׳ÿ£һõҲңһգʱ𴲣ҹǮ˯ֱ̫ʱ˯Ȼѡ
۾ֻףͬ黹˲̻ش˯Цһ߿һĴȣЬӣһؽſһߡ
߿ţŹǷ߳ȥΪ۵ȱ۾ϰԵԲԶһôȥߵ£۾Ҳˡ
ڿİ
򣬺Ȼǰ˼Ŵ󷹣Цˣ漴͸оЩԾˡԼֵܰկһһٶˣͬһ壬ƽʱֳһǮЩ˵Ĵвȴûһʶġ
ؿˣŤͷͼկǵģٿǵķɫȻһֱͷһ£˿ӡ
һִѲ߮ʿߵǰһСͷĿģ˼ڽضЦ˵ǻ˯һΪҪһ̣˭կôһȺң
ſӲֻͰ͵ص㡭ʲôˣ
ǶѲĹٱûд𻰣һ࣬Լͬطűϥȥμ˾ү
ˣ޴ص㡭Ǹʲô
һתͼһˣ˫ȻΧʮϡģ˴ӵûмˣȴĴϾʶ˭
һ£һɣһҶСһ̹


ʮ Ҷ˾


01 
ҶСǰƮȻûпһۣҶСԣǽʱյλͲע⵽һֻϵĴڡ
˫ϥһһήڵءǵռկʱεףʧȥկεɡ
ԴռկǲκһĹö֮ȻԷҹֻǲֵöҹǱֵҹҲһڼ¥ĶĿ
ۿĸկǿ׳һ·ɷһ㣬ֲⰵҿֵҹ˯𣬱˼׾ٵضկӣʱ˾Ĵٰʮ¶˼ġ
կһϣѭ챳һʯڲݵϣץһȣһֻƺ«ź«վƣһڽһ⣬Եúò⡣
˵ûˣͱ¶Ƕ˵ļˣ⹷ĺܣҪҪһ飿һվƣɰ
ظֶɽ紵ɶˮĿһֱƽԶҶС죬ҶСЩϺͲǣڱ̸߽߱ƺǲʲô
ѭ캰һɤӣԶҶС˼Ŀ֮⣬·ûĻѭֿ˿ڹ⣬ҪҿɾͲһʣ㡣
ңңıشԱɽܹ仰һת˽Ųŵȥ̳ӾͷѭԺ󴦣ңңЦȥ
ظֶͷҲصصûϢĶ˳ԣ㻹֪ʲô֪֪ʲôˣһεȴ컯
ѭ챻һڹҭֱ۶͵ع˿ھƣ˳˳˵˵֪ѧʱҺã鷳ܲܲҪ飬ֱ˵ɣʲô컯
ظпص߰ᣬɹУмǹ˲֮ŴʹҵģԽɳͷųЩ˵ţͿɼıȲͬˣ˰Ͷ£һӻֻʦѾ뵽гһ״ҵˣǺǡ
Цѭ֪Ѿ˵һôҪþˣȴֲɱˣÿڲľѣԾһͳȨñְǣ𸴵ľˣȷǵģ˼ȷɣòһһؿ䰡Ҷ䶼ϼˣҪƨأȥֱӶԴ˵ǲתġ
ңң͵Цţǹ̳Ӵѭˣʹ߿ô˵ֵӣ˸ԴĶ
ҡͷпģ˵޹أֻǿ־ٶԽԽ࣬öǻ纣ɲ⣬ǳ֮ˡ
ѭһԽǿĽžص⻰ô˵
ص˴ԭǼ׵ġЩ²ôͻôЩոձְֻʧȥȨûʧȥҲûʧȥ
ӹһ٣ǶȻ鷳ġЩڽɳţأûԹһȨƣǻ᲻˼
ɽָָע⵽ûУһα̴ɽĲ죬඼Щ׻Ĳ¾ɣΪʲôѡǳ
ѭȤһزݹ۶ϣһòݹ˿һߺʵ˵Ϊʲô
ص޵ЩԹгޣһĨġֲǶʧƵһɽѪɱңǸôأ
ν²谡ǾֻѰһ취ǰЩʹࡢίˡŭйҪʲôأΨмѪΨɱˣԡ
˵üɫ裬Ǳ̽ȳģжԶ̴иж֮ģܵĥ̫̫ãɱʺȥսɱһһ󡢺ηͽ
ЩܸСǣְأлֲ̿Ψֶǵľʣ¶ɽЩһڳͻѰǵĻ͸ŹĻᣬڻöʶӶõӻ
ѭŻȻ򣬲޵ôһ˵Ҳе˹Ȼ˵áѹ̶̼ܶ깦ӵнյλһʯ֮õĵ¯ࡣ
Ҳɲһն֮һʯ㲻Ҫˣֻ˵Ļ¾֮ĶԹδõֻΪеĴʱȥֻҪһ֮վҪһսġ
ǣ¾ڶ˴ˣ֮Ҫ֣֮Ҳ֣ǶȫԸ󽨹ҵ£оɺޣҲһ̨°ӡ
ȻԵսʤ˱ҳ£ǲһ·һ·磬ѾõΣңҾ㣬ȵ䶨ǹʱ򣬾㲻ữΪѣƾ֮飬ҲöԷذɣݶԹͽô
ңңڴʯ棬ⷬҲ¶֮̾ɫͷһ㲻׽Ūѭ죬Ƕ¹̳ӣȹŵ߿ˡ
ѭصĻ̾ϲһ̶üһӣ˵Ǻ°⸱ʲô
ѭ쵣ĵصҪ٣ҪĳǸô
صĻȨıһǴĹٶҲûУֻ˺ʼաзӸλûȨıΪ֮͵ڴ޸һе紵ݶû£͵ùˡ
ѭһɫࣺô죿Ҳ˵Ǵǰ̲ΪȮȴ˷ˣôҲıһְٰɣʵûĻһ켣ٳˣתôɲɣҵɫһбµĻţ
عϵص⿪ڣĳ״ʦȴҲʲô˶ʹģǶǰܣĳ
ѭˣ㣬һ㳤ñҿΣҵķͷءʣЩͬ˴תĻʦүôһΣóóЩ
أ

ռկҶС˵ʵûʲôѴ͵ϮǴ󷽷عҪմ·ȾͲˡȺ͸կಢԶʱǱ߿϶Ѿ֪կʧˡ
͵ϮȲܣôǿأڼҺֵܵιޱȣλҪ֮ǿƱصøۡ
ٶȳɽʱӦٹһǲսʤǿҪشȡõ޹ȫֶֻһһʤȡ
ҶС조г񡱡ָ´һָȫ뿪֮󣬲´λϣ°ͣϥϣüͷ
ȻܵĴһƲȥĿȺǶҪβùȥأʱңң˽С磡С磡
ҶСüҿңңضѭ˵ǷҶСѧ˵һ飬۶ǳݵСǣС磬ĺأ˼ҲͶأ
ҶСһȻʧЦҡͷ˵ǰͨ
ңңɴ۾ص˵ĺеѵ㲻ôô
ҶСС֣Цʵ˵ŷɴյĹô
ңң£²ص⵹˵ǹ½Щʲô
ҶС˵é®Ҫɽ˵ҳһƶԣǻԵϣұΪһָ𲻽⣬Ψŷɻдָԡ
ֻΣŷɱƾŴΣؿڻһȦŷɱԴ״ֻ䣬ɽӴ˳Ϊľʦ
Զⷬһֱ²͸˸ʦվϵ⣿˵һָһͳ£ƣ麺ľ´žŹԭؿڻȦػ壬һԴǴͷǬԡֻ䡣
̾ѣܾ㡣£ȥŷɣŷ˵ʦ֪ǰɱģԾЩɱ⡣
ʼһָ˵ʱһɱһ˵ôҲɱڣʮɣ˵ԣʮ̣˵ҲþʮʣİӰ»ǲһѽһԴֻҪǮͷҲһ㡣
ҶС˵ЦˣλĿҾλͷŷˣʵҰߣֻҲǻһʱ֮õô࣬۶˾ϲҲɡ
ңңЦֱҶС״ҲЦЦЦţͷһ԰կȲӲȡأҲһСأ


02 Ŀ¬
صһҶС죬ԴʱõСƲǣ𵽱𲻵áֵܣ۴ųɽƣųǺȻûдǻۣСȷʵеģá
뵽ҶСͰȻǣҪһҪһڿڳԣֻ̫ţڿɲǵǹƥΪչҵĵλ֮ٲִҲھͰõģȽչʱҲеЩ
ҶСסڸկһȥ֪ͭͨͩڬBãһȥͬʱ˻ƷǰչұŻӽչͨһԼΣԱġ
ͭڸڬB÷˶µһͿò״ϢվڬBŮнӹƵˮƿ˿ڣյضŮͳͳߣԺҵķϲһζ
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ŮȻӦţڨڨؽͣԸ˵˾˲͹񣬺˶ū澡
ڬBŭڲһ𣿡ŮҶԣֻΨΨ£ָѾǴҴҳˣڬBõҪһϯ嵭ȡ
ʱİЦ˽ڬBһ仰ԴУڬBѾҶС¸İʦҲĵһңˣԶصȡڼҵȨڬBŵùˡ
ڼ˼̳ˣİȻˡտڬBó󣬶ͽŮĸо⡣˾˽ģΪԼʱİӣˣҲΪԼδǡ
˾һֱ޺˾֮λڱϣİڬBû곤֮࣬¶õģÿԼĶӡܷڼҶ
ڬBѪˣŮڼһ˾֮λͿȥˣԶǲˣٶԼڼܸҲͿԲκǵظڬBˡ
İŮ߿ˣڬB΢Ц˾˺ӣӦöЩõģ޶ܸӽ׳
ڬBܱüյصҼɩһеУҿܳ˯ģʲô¶ûУΪʲôƫƫһζҾܲˣұɩӽ׳Ķࡣ
İȻʧЦ˾ǿ׳޹ءЩŮӣﷴӦЩЩŮȴ޽ɣйذɡ
ڬBú޺޵ص˵ף޶ӣңһԣĻ˵߾ߣɽΪ˾ɽΪߣߣڰǧ֪˶ٸңɽлʵۣ˼ˡ
İһЦһŵݹȥǿɲã˾뿴ʲô
ڬBĿİһ䣬Ƽʱ¶ϲ֮ɫҶС죿
Ļ˵ʹĸˣһţѳֽһ룬һɽ£ȲؿİӰ΢΢һЦתȻȥ

ʱһ
ׯǰͣһŻĴ󳵣Ա߻о׳İʮ뱸ɭʱͦɽ̬֮ͬͬһ㡣ǽʵۣļȻҪóɵһ棬ñ˿ˡ
ϵķ𻰡ķɫصҲ֪Ůһ˼ҪҶС죬ɹƽڲƫƫ˲ӣɽŮԴ˻һֻ֪֪ҪѰٻ
ϵյص˭֪ôһأ˵˾ţ˾٣Ҿ룬ҲǿҵİŮˣף˭ȴ׽ɽ
ۼ޳棬ϵæһܷھŮʥлܿϵһһհɣ˵ǻҶСѾɽ֮¡
СӻĺܣֻƱˣбƵһͷֵܶܰʲôæСӾȳŮʡģŮҲʡġ
ķ˵Ҳֻˡɽ˴ҰҲСЩϾһ֮ΪԼŮɽйƽ֮˷ġ
ϵӵ۵صһǣ
ķ˵ĵص㲻ɽְɣүǡ
ϵˣҾôһ˵㵱ʲôţƽ̵ĵ̺ԶţҾܴĽɣŮȥ棬ǻ˵ʲô¶ˡ
ʱӨӨһѣĵ÷·һɽӻ˾ܽЦ绨صν·ͭô
ϵϽЦصأǲ·ͭʵģԹոӦҲ˼졣İɡ
ӨӨһĻŭţððҾͿȥˣ˭ҲŶȥҪһϲ߸ڹƵģû׼ãȥߴ
ӨӨ˵ָ꣬һˣķ˼㻹ȥͭʣǶҲҶС죬˵ƽ̳Ūɽָ췭ظ
ϵһϼ޻ıôأѰźˣ˱ؾ֮·ʱ˵ǰ꣬ʯ·ֻȡ봨Ӳƹȥ𣿡
ķһЦҲֻˣ
ԴӼӨӨ񣬵ʱΪˣ첮һɿΪ˼˼գһˣ˼Ҳɶֹ
˽ŮӣԾ𡢵ӣǴӲУӹ֬׷ۣһýȥλ谮ݼӨӨϵ֣
ʵʵһܿƵĹ϶ˡ糯ȥһӣᱻԹǲĵϰ¿ˮοѡء
չ涨ʵѡɵʽѡɳҪһڹѡǾǰޱȵѡģĻ˼ɫ
ߣԪ谵ʱ͹涨ĸµ֮ʺó䣬Է󳼱͸ۺŮ˻׹ݣȨԻûôϿҪ󣬿ܲסԹٴǽⷢӰ
ӨӨֻһԭСٵŮĹٴһЩһƷĳ͢سǿҲܺȥǹݵһ˾һĹϵ֮⣬ܵųͽ䱸ĵطŵһԱּӨӨΪӨӨûѾЩٹڷĹĭӻˡ
첮ĸ˸⣬ȥļҴľɽΪԼνϵǰոָʹƵǨӶķˣΪھ
һķҪлģԶУ̷ϥ£ĸԶУŮ̷ϥ£ŮТһ֣ԤϣλӨӨоųɾŵĿҪĸ뾩
ʱ򡭡һּٹ֪ҲˣѵܱȻʵ۰һѾŮӸϳȥҲ̫۸ˡʵһϲϰ첮ĵİ취ļһʥּ
λլлʵ۵YY˼ļҵôֹ֪ʱ䣬ļҵĳϲˣӨӨĸߣֱۣĶȴ˳Ƶģͷɵͭȥˡ
ǰ򲻽ظųӨӨ޲ԼȥıӰϵ÷ɿ졣ӨӨϲ̵룺ǸһҲ֪ûгҲȥ黨ǲݣǱҴ٣ٺ١
ӨӨֻСƵһСһ˫۱ĵһͿ


03 I'm back
˵Ҫ¹ȳֻҪҴ˳ȥתתӣţϥǣ𵶵ţΪͷ̫ߣҲҪҶСվˡ
ҶС췭˸İ۶˵Ҷ٣¹ȵʲôطˣ¹ȺֻǺ£ôʹ
硭ݹ䣬εεػһһվȥ¹ͬҶ̸УһŮұҲ죡
Ŷݾ㬵˵һߣɰҸʦڣΪװװӡũæʱڣҰ׳ߣ˵ɣʲôô
ҶС°룬̽صһˣֻһ⣬ֲĴ̣ǧӣ˰ɣ
Цһͷ
ҶСҧҧµ˰ˣˮɽĿҷɣ
ЦЦˣֻбҶС죬֮ɫ
ҶСŭصһӣȵ㲻Ҫû٣æ𣿡
Цң˷ܵصˣǶˣ׿ҵģҶС׿ҵģ
վصˣҵķݶϣҾͰһºˣ˭ĳءٺٺ٣ݣߣ
ݵС֣˳ȥ
ҶСǶηѹ˴գڼҺе˵ԭҵôֵǮ˵ֱȥ᲻ϰˮɽȹַ
ڼҺ͸СҮе̫ľګӦҶСЦһΪȻǶֻѭӦƵЦ
ҶСʧЦλǲͬôˣҲԣҵȻôֵǮ㶪ôǻǰԭƻɣȸǱһжϣмƣǾͶ֣
ҶС˵ëǾʹ˽ֹ˼䣬ҶС϶ʱӿһĨŹֵˣλȥϢɣ׼ʱж
˷׷ǣҶСվһŤͷë˸桱ҶСһôߣʲô
ëǺɵؿ磬ܾòԾ˾ǡ
ҶСͷһҺ˾ô
ëǳ˳ӣǾζԣ磬ǰ˼Ҹ˰ɣ
ҶС飬Ҳϣֻǵ˵ëӣЦǰҲûɶ˾ϹǸĹү·һǸһͳˮŮ޶ôӨӨɶʡ͵ĵưԸĨɲףҪ˵ء
ҶСŭһ
ëһҶС߳ŭͷߣɳɳɣรɡ
ſڣڬBһϮۣĸоѩɽ͸ĵһĨ̡˳˵Ůˮ࣬ƺһˣմ֮ͲԭףһڬBȫֲ˵ԭ֦׿ȺڵֻԶôһ˿ģɫ
ұֻȥѶһͭδָôҶС˵ӭȥߵһؿëһһ⣬ҪȥƣŶ͵һ
ëǼֻ֣εİ֮ģһ̶˳ȥڬBüëģ̲סꡱһЦ绨
ԴҶС챻׽ɽڬBɳԵ¡˯ţӲԼжôǣҶǡҶСźϲȴҲܿ͵һֱΪϲ԰õһ˾ϲ䴫һ޶Ů˾ûκ˿ʧȥң
ǣ֪ҶСѾ˹ƽڲĶ³ɽˣ̤ҶСգʱ̲סһᣬ
ҶС֪жҶСǰ¶һ棬ǼǿġɱϵСڽԶǣҿëеңڬBѸٵԼҶСٻعͷʱѾָƽҶС컹ע⵽Ŀδȥʪ󣬲Ҳһů
ڬB˿ܿҶСĿ⣬ٲУԹ˵߾ߣ˵ؾͻأɽߣɽ˾ңȻνˣ֪֪
ڬBȻתҶС죬ʵôεߵ֮Һͩ䱸ʳ֪ζ޲
ҶСɽʱϵͭʻôһĻλδվȣʧвģʧȥɿƺ˫һɹ¼ɣڬBֻǼ򵥵һ仰ʵһ˵ĻҪѡ
ܹάֵɽͭʲңڬBһ࣬Щʱȫά̫ͭƽˣƾ֮вΪ֪йϵڬBþ֮ʡ
ҶСھΣ֪ڬBѾУ֪жôˡҶСǸεصʵڶԲסͻȻҲȫûԤϵұ֤ҲƵ鷢ʧԣ㴦úˣ
ڬBؿص⻰˵úû⣡ҴãܰôأһëµӾ͸ƴˡٺú룬һġ

ҶСôʧԣҴһñӣ
ڬBյУҪΣҾϲһˣһŮˣ
˵ڬB̲סǡꡱһЦȻſ˫ۣ˽ҶСĻסýģҶСͷʱſͣһҧļͷ
ҶСЩʹȴһֻḧļڬBýҧļͷ˺ܾõ᲻ӿʪļͷ
Ȼ֮䣬ڬB뵽һ⣺һͶģΨҧȴһ㷴θĸоûУǸСһȻһһģûء

ϣһˮɽȺ͸կȻʹŵһɽ֮أ۵Ĳˡ
ΪҪȡط踶ۣԲԸΪۣԱ㻻ȡϣİ˭ˮɽˣȿˣկҲˣǱѪ˳ӹܡ
ռ⼸ط󣬻żҡڼӣôһɽ֮ǿҲֵﻹܺһЩ˭żҺڼȴҲȫ޶
һգڲϣ׽£ʵӲȥˣֻȡӲͷƤ׼ǩ飬ƬӴ˹ϼ¡
ϣ̰Ŀдһ˿мĳ»֮ʣΪȭ˾ҲˣˮɽҲˣռͭʸôһطܲʳԶʰɣ
ǿЦȻᣬȻᣬϣˡ
ϣȻˣ˾ǩְɣ˵ţǷõԼƵǰ
Ĵָɰӡﰴ˰ٰ㲻ҪԼϻѺһҶȻҴҵ˽˾ү²ãկ³ɽˣռ˸կȽԮ
һϲȻʵկ˻ˣ
תע⵽ϣĿ⣬Ͻֻһŭı飺կ˻ˣ


04 Ƹ
ˮɽϷʯչȴҲʣһϲաΪǲҵʯչƸĺӡ
ϻĲеú˳Ȼ˼ҽ״ǳ棬ԼʹֲϣҲʦƽ⣬ˣһҲٻ֡
Ϊ˼ҵŮʱʮȫʮʱĸͻʦһҡʮĺð֣ȡ֡
ƣ޼٣Ů桱νĺϻͳһọܻ̈̄ϵмںϻڼĵ˴ùʧ˻ۡ
ϻѱϣз⣬ͿʼʽƸˡƸʱӦ˫棬鶨ƸƸԼױƵĺ񱡣չҺң˭ں㶫ںҽ˸Լ棬չûκҪȫƾҰš
ͳβݽǧ꣬ҵʵޱȣȻҪɶˣⷽȻҲẮˣƸװ󴬣ԶƸʹ
˫ϵĴҲ˫˫ԶȫԱҲ˫ģ󴬵ļױϱ߶ϵ˺ŪͮͮģӳýˮҲٵĺ첨
ͷϣչһõǰӭӣչһŰپʮˣõһǧˣ˫ЯĳӡҲǳ˫ɶԵġ
ǽԶϰ˫һ㴵չұȥչұչһɫװȻֻǶҲӢͬһ籡Ļ档
һСѾŵ߽С㣬ƸҪǰˡ
֪ˣ
չ³֣һ߬˺ڰϵĳü

ƺ㳣סչˣʱסչԺʱһϮߵĴабСɫȹӣббϣԱһСһֻϸɵӣһԱ߻һС
ʢִ˫ӣңȥһϱ¶һϸϸĽָһöӣҵݽ۵ĺ촽һҧ
棬ϣ˫ְϥʱʿµϢ
ҶС챻׽ɽô˶ôҪֻǾȳһҶС죬ôҶСܹƵǹ
һͲǾȳҶСôˣҪ֤ҶСӵйƽߵݺȨȳмֵһֶξͲܼ򵥴ֱ
ĻǽҲķƷûоһ׵ķҶСȻٶȳɽˣһ˸ˡ
ǵ˶ΪҪȭ֮ոʧصʱȴפظկˡ֣֮⣬Ҳ˵Ȥ
ʱسӣңŵ˵һξͻһ٣֪Լϲһһ˼뵽ʲôʱʡ
һֱϣû˵һ仰̲ס˵ҶС컹һŹֱ죬Ҳ֪ʲôӣȻôշЩΪãһγɽǰβͬʱֻСյļһΣֻҪԸ⣬ɽԴԴΪãٲСˡ
ֱӣ̴΢ù³һöӣˣֶһɫһڣ˼صηΪʤĺαأ֮ʤˡ
׵ǣ
Ҫǣɴ˿ԿһɽڹƽڲѾҲûκγ⣬˶ҽдááô
Ҫ˵飬ٰһ仰ظɼʱҶСĿеķԥһ£ΪһҳϵĵԱǰﻰ˵˳
ҶСڣɽⲢûи֮أҪڳɽ͵ûڶʳһسʸ֮ģƽӴҲܲסȺǡ
οɽ˾ɲһȺǣһȺͻҶС֮ǰͭ׾ٵزһţֻռͭڶıˣûô׵֡нŻЩʵҴˣ¾ҲûлḴˡ
ԷյüףһأΪ˵Щɡ˵ɲɽ˾һȺǣҶСһ治ָǡǡΪɽ˾һȺҲŲģ
üңһɽݶЩͻһǻضű˵ĵ̣ǡˣǵĺϲһ𣬾šһ͸ҶСᡣ
ߣҶС˺ܾȡǶͷʳ֮ߣÿһҶҧһڣÿһҶڰҧˣһЮǿϣܿǿغ
ԥһ£ǣȻǹֻѹ¾ãδѺѡ
̾һĵصҪһƬأҪ︴һƬأҵĺѡﻹȥ˺أ
ײĬƬ̣ȻˣҪˣһҪУ
ѶȰֻ̧ͷʵ˿²ÿƣʲôֶΣ
ص֮󣬲ɫ
üɽΪߣɽΪ˾ҸˣҶСյĲƸҪĶһˡɫ
Ŀһᣬ֪ʧԣæףնص
Ȼ̧ͷ
һ¯㣬һЩ£Ǹ˾Ͳ̣Ҫ£Ҳֻд֣
򣬵˵
Ŀ΢΢¶ȻɫవԲס㣡

չ˽߷ȻҪšҪţһһ˶аɫСļѩ⻬
վſڣὣֵչʲôȥ
չŭصȥǸԶȻȥɽѰҶС죬Ӵ˲ٳɽҾͲӦΪ˻Ϊչҡ
ƽصӦһۣȻΪһŮӱһųУʯչԶƴ󡣵ʧȥ˱ӦȵĻᣬ˵󲮻᲻Ǩŭĸף
չһֵ޵չңչҵˣѵ㻹ܰͻذңֻߣɽȥ
չɥصôܣ˵ãܼ޵ˣҵļùޣչҲмôġҡô˵
ˣһ֮ʹˣô죿
չ˼ɥط£ٲ˽Ա߿һۣȰҲ̫żֻƸֲҪ붴ء
չյƸˣվ͸ʰܲ
Цһ˵ô׺ϻ飬ݾͶˣڼкãǭŮӲԭõôںô˭ˣ˭ˣ
չͷǡ֮Ҹô죿
ЩûѰ󲮳֣ѾĽģҪߣھߣûסչңϵߵķݣôߣ֮ȥ
չƸˣСɽβ㻹ҵȣҪȵʲôʱ򣿡
ȻһЦý֪ɣֳɽˣ


05 
չ˵ҶСѾ³ɽнॡһڵϣϲõؽеˣããϲ֮ɫԽ
Цǰֳɽˣһ磬ӵʮսʿ˭η֣ĵ̺չҽߣ棬񲻱·ϣ泤׵𣿡
ȤǼһѰ»Ҫˣ
չƺû˵ʲôϲ̵صЩõʲô⣬³ɽͺãԷˡ
һΪչΪĹǳԲˣȴΪҶС촦ȫġ
׾ͱ峤ҵֱûƷлŮζҲֿΪ֮Ϊ֮Ů֮顣
κ£侲¿Ըļ档ҪȢΪޣҲӦǲΪΪҵҰģΪĻԵȣΪӦһۡ
ڵԻˣΨһĽǱҳ׳ԵΪϼϲ¥̤ʯĳ㣬ΪϲĳԲžܾ
гһգҲһϲһˣȥܹҵļṩȴһˣһѡ޸˭أ
Ȼʣչ¶ĻϲȻοȫ⣬ȴĪظеЩĽʼ
ƽϢһ飬ƸȥɣǧҪ£Ƕ㿴øһˣȥҶС죬㣡
ˡ
չס֣мصһӨӨʵһֱҶúӨӨ׽Щǽ㲻ãֻܾǰҺӨӨ񲻶µСӣ㡭
չͷ룬ءꡱһЦݸôһͷӣʵں治һȥȴ㾹˹ŵȳͷΪұܽΣм㡣
ϵĿ⣬Ҽزһ£ΪԼıɸеЩ޵ݡûϡЦ֣²˳٣ھߣ
㡭ֻһѾתȥһ٣㡭ҵĺϢɣ˵գͷҲص߿ˡ
ʯף߽⣬ȻԳһЦͷӣǰ䣬еȷסһˣڵӢ飬۳һӰӣСסҵҲһǵóе˼Σҡ
ո۽ǣͱȥ˼ģѸɱҪУֻҪΪ˼һؽϵˣҪʱʲôԳԼ
ȴڵ֮С

չϣչЦƶˣðôļױôӣš
ʵҾֻԵظƸչҲ¶Ҫ֦ȵġѾʼΪչðױˡ
չҼŮðļױȻǡȫ桱ȫ桱ָŮһҪȫСͰߣйײĺ£СˣȻҲֻиŮ
չЦúϲ£죬ضԶֶһ·డ
ԶǷңңΪҼ˾ЧԶӦġ˷ǰƸҼ˾һҪҵչү
չȻ˵
Զ֪ү׼ʱΪҼ˾չٰ׼ȷӣҲö˰ɣ
չǰǱƢֽһ׮ԵԲչĸʩѹ֮顢֮ʩ֮Ӳʩرѹ
ȻãȴҲһֱûʲôľٶչ۷ֻӡĸ֮ý֮ԣɵһŮ޶Լ
ʱԶһʣչȻϷǡ֪˾ʲô뷨
ԶǫѷЦÿչү˼
Ҳô
չ۵ĵõ˼㣬룬˷½֮ڣ󼪡磬ڰ˷ףʮ飬㿴Σ
ԶаЦ϶Ϊ˱Ĵȣ˺Ｑ¡ҶСŸո³ɽҪһҲҪʱ䣬öЩʱʵ׳Ϊһļ³µĻִ̫Щ
뵽Զ΢Ц±Ҳ޲סչ귽ʮţҼ˾ʮ壬Ϊֺ֮ˮδãԣ飬Σ
úúãֶܵǾףףϳΪĳչеʧ˼Ȣ׵ĲŮȲĵֻӦǡ
Ϻʯչ֮ȷڡ

ҶСظկָȣʱͬʱְ˿ͷͿԹؾܾϽһɽ֮ˡ
ʵҶС챻ץɽӴٲѪеռҶСأҲǺ¡˵ʲôûͰռҵıˣܾó˿¸Щ¶ҪѪٸ㣬Ҳƽˡ
ԲϣԣȻǼյ£ۿҪǩֻѺˣȴҶСˡ£ҪأȻƨˣһҪȴҲɲ
Ҳ֪ҶС߲ƣϴʤף˼Ҹû֣Ҳǽĺܣæһһ̶Բߡ
˼һɱԮȡֻҪȺǶҶСڲˣֱӷˮɽȽߣˮɽսзһܽǵĺ·ҶСҪΪȡ
ȵҪѹҶСȣ踶ۣɹˣҲȻҪԪˡʱˮɽΪڶߣҶС컹ûһˮɽǾͺ˵ˡ
һȣϣɱԮˮɽЭˮɽؾ£ü¥ɽһҪ
ʱ¹ͻȻ˶¹Ⱦ㳲ˮɽҡɽϵкһعȥˡ
¹ڴ˾Ӫ꣬ɽڵҪ˵ѹ¹ȸ޷Ӳһߣɽһأֻʿɽڳǳ֮ϣ̩ɽһ㲻ɺ
˴ǹȫ̤ܲȥɣ˵ͭʸˣôܵʯ丮ʲô
ˮɽѲӵͲϣһͷˮϽ˶סʱǻΪҪҲ˭Ϲˮɽɽûұߣһ·ȥˡ
ǿɾǲϣϳˣϣվڸ߸ߵˮɽϣŹԶȥķľȻãȻеˡ


06 ¹ʶ෢ضΡˮɽ
Ҫؼң
ϣӯض˵۵ᣬһλƯʮصӣȻһ˼֮ޱȶҲ޷ֹƵġ
յʧ쾡ͷϣΪ׷ǵȥ۾ɵ̫ɽһɽ۾˵صɽеɰֹ
һҲˣ汯ݵضԲϣϣ֣ҶСڴѹ˿̳СܿǺãҲҪһ̣ҶСźð
⻰ֱǷƨϣᣬޱϵһ䣬ʵ㣬ˮɽ󣬱ұﻹð
ϣ֣ȥҲδؾҪܼҲ
ϣգ۾ңôˣִУǸʲôȥˣѵǻȥȡô
˭
ϣ֣ý͡תȥĲ´Ըܼϣҹ̣ؼ԰
ܼկۼһ·ǿֱǵϼȥˣ٣һϣô˵Ӧһ׷״߳װ׼ˡ
ˣæһϣ֣һɽ֮أ㲻Ҫˣ
ϣعͷֲ˲ᣬʪ˫۶͵ΪˮɽںУ
һֵصȻУôˣ
ϣ˾˭
һͦʲõصȻңôˣ
ϣļ򣬵ˣʱҴӦˮɽȡ˾֮λ£Ҷ쵽ˡԣһɽѾˣ͵أΪȻؼ԰һˣڸԼΪָȡǣ
ϣ˵գѴһӣԼºȵɽΣ
ϣС۾ıɽȥˣվɽϳŲϣıӰƿڴʳԶʵƥ̰Сˡ
Сʱ¼ææܹ˾²ãϢҶСˣ
һӾ˹ȥûĵͳôʹ²ˣ˭ʤ˭ڻ˵أ͸˵²ã㾿һߵģ
ǹܼҰһǶӣҲҶܣڨڨվǶ͵ǣ֪ǿͷһСľ˵ˣ⡭
һţੲݵĹܼ˸ſͷĿͷǡ²á۵öϹôܼң
ǹܼſڵϺߺĲٰһٱ˾ү˳ɲԸùͷʱһõּҴܹе֣²ãڼկˣ
ǿԿסԾԾԵ֣۵ڼҳʲô
õܼȻˮɽҿ߲ƣһҶС£мܣ̫糷Ǳɡ
ǸԶҶСһĿǰûϵڼկˮɽһ಻ԶʱѾԿǧ¡
һʱüͷʱõ׷֣¹ȡڼկʱҲܵǣ벻ҶС쾹ȨΨ֮ƣǴٰȵľɡ
ɫɲķ³ȥá
õ֣ܶϲϣҰ¹ȺڼկЭͬҶСսѾ𵽺Ӧ֮ЧһǱֻˣȾͳһɽʱҶСùֻΧ򣬲գկ͵ͶǾҪһ֧ˡ
˾ģ޺޵ضǲϣǱĻ˶ĳˮɽ̩ɽֺڴˣٴȵȫ˻ϣ
䣬ǴܼҸո˸ϢŶָϹ¡˾ˣϢڹ֮Уз
һһ²ãҶС˺ݶȱγ
ܼŶӰңؿԼ˵Ĵ²ãҲֲˡ
һǶȹȥϹôҶСΧȣֱ˿̷Ų

֮Уǰйַδ䱸ţ˸ţдУԻζиŮͯ͵ȡģҰɲ˶һ
ëǺУһزݾλƵȥʱʱЩŪȤ䣬ٲȻλﳤмɫǰЦ䡣
ǹǶĵط˵ƾˣټɽëǸǰڨ䣬û󿪻ǻȱǴ󵨵Ļò࣬ڨڨӿˡ
˼举ô椶ƵȫоϷȤ
ë̾Ϣ⵽ǰ棬ͼƷɳֹ֣ڲݵϡЩܽ䱸˴̽˼档
ëһΪȻص̫ܣǾȫɽҲʲôãһɢһôʲô
ƷͷҲصصȻ£Ҫ棡һ򣬾һ
䣬ҡˡһ죬һ֦Բݾ֦͸Զһʯͻرһӵ˿У㵸زҽмһϢˡֻ¶һͷͱƷһͷ
ëŴͣݾմڴţ̾üѹִһֱ֣˵ʲôʲôˣ֮ѣ
Ʒɷִӱһ֦ϣ˹ضëǣɻ

̡
ڼկıˮɽڱ´ɽͣסˣڬBһͷ۽ǹӽݰףٲȻһλѹӡ
Сһ٣ͣнսʿҲֹͣǰʼԭص͡
ͷԵС˾һС²شյߣʲôʱ򷢶ѽ
λС˾˵Ҫڼҿս˳طҪӡ˷Ĳ¶ӣҲʱ׷ס˶Ӽֵ⺢ӣ˵ˣֻ𹥣ֻƵϱ´ڵʲôԹԴоͺá
С˾ģڬBõڼҪôȻ˱ֻǸ˼ҡźôɣ̫ˣ
ӡ˻ҪڬBøһЦС˾Կǣص˵еڼƾʲôֻܸ˼ҡźƫҪˮɽǶˮɽ˼ٴҪȥ
С˾һֱֵģС˵ĶԣǳȥˮɽǾڼҵ
ڬBɽ¶̬֮ؾаȵһ̡ҪôԹͲڬBˡ˵μҶС죬кü˽ӴĻأǸ쵰ȻûбŮū¡ޣ
ڴ󽫾һӲˬȻҪййģ


07 ս
ڼҺ϶ּļȷڳǰ棬ҶСΪо˧У֣𣬺ƺƵǰй
еؾɽһлеоۿҶСйһҲҶһ֦ҷй
ҶСһͶϵһ죬һͿʵҶСͦзɽĴԭʿԣʿ˯˯ʿ
ǣκξ鶼Ӳ׵ģɽo˾ֻмӳöûЧ£ʿͬʹ࣬ôܣ
֮£ҶСֻýܴҵĺ⣬ϻͣǧĴӵݵǰƵǰһۿߣһۿأҶСȻһִɷǵĸо
뼸ǰǾһ䣬̰ã˱ǱǺظߴĳǽס
š˿һҲòĹֶãʷةƹ˰һҲȥĹְһͣϮ٣Ϯţ
ڳ٣Ҫ¶ôĹͣпܻһϮĹְǹְֻܱ֤ĺзٺ»пڷԣǷְȨ⻹ÿԼı¡
ڵأепɽоаգ˰ӣңһٲȻһҶͬ͢żȡ
ͼ߸ɽùֻһĻʵۺȺΪطϵһλ˾ǲܵӰġӺ˾һֱˣԭֻп϶ĺȨ档
ǰݰҶСЦۣǻͲӣ˵˾䴨͵ɴ۾ܳǸʲô
ǰѵˮɽ£ֻɽսڼҵĴӭչڼʿɽʿɽսһţԶɽϻдȷˮɽȥ
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ү̹ҶС켱ˣһվͷһͷĸ̧͵ʿһ˼Դŵû겻壬ʶϥһ򣺡ˡˡ
ҶС조Ӵһʹӻϵ˳ȥǰһʺϧûԳɡڻϣһ򵹲Ǳ
һǴ󾪣ߵͷҶСûǣҶСǰִɽϣ㵵صʲô£
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ҶСˮɽ򼱼˶֧һۣɻصôˣĪѾʶƷɵթ֮ƣˣסǣ
ѭ˴ŽǣҶִҡѣǴɽһһָǰڼҺֵܼ״еɱɱƬɽɱƬײ
ˮɽϣڬBŤͷҶСڸϵ㽿һȺĶô˻ûˮɽҳ壡һʱ֮òˮɽͷ
ڼկС˾ҲСսǶûУһʱ֮ڣˮɽСүְǵƤ
ҪԮˮɽ·ԮȻҲҶСǼʵ֧Ǵȹģһ·
ڼկ±ɽ£϶ǲṥɽǻȴҶСĴϵԵϣõɽԼԴ˸ȣӦؾˡ
ȵؾһ֧زūض˿Ǯû˿׬û˲ȸһʮ깦ͻָԪԷǲѣ
жԭҲûҶС챾ļƻҲȷʵڼկ˵ڬBЩΪ֪˽ܹϵⲻ㶯ڼұɣҪ˼ҵı̣͵ø㹻Ĵۡ
ԣҶСԭļƻǣɽϣʱأڼկ±ˮɽ£ǣͬʱƷɡëɱֹȵұ
һϵͿϵòͽץ𵶲棬˹سԵˮɽؾ˳ĻֱץסӶѸٽ鷳
κҶүڬBùĵ̫ףλڹڴ֮ϵǶǧ˳ʲôԣżܾưһߴشҲֹ뷿Ȥ
κγ֮⣬λڹҲûһֵÿ佱֮ˡ첲գеʲôöûң˵޳ȥĹóȥˮôô׼
ҶСͷģڼӣȴ˼ˣҾ㣡ƨɿ㲻Ҷүȣ
ԸõסˮɽڼկʱؾţֻˮɽǵΨһ·ҪأڼկǾʵҶСƴ
ѱϣʹɽѡһЩʿ䣬ɽǱȣ˭ոոϵһ룬ˮɽ߾ͷսսһ쳣ңһ𹥵˼
о仰ĪǣоŮ˺ͺӡŮ˸߽϶ж֮ɱﵡСӲ֪ߵغ³嶯ƺûеɽһߴð˴̾һӵϣʵͷʹޱȡ
˿ˮɽ£ǡþһŮ˺һӡڬBúڻһļϣΪʵõӲһЩֱˣֻüԮ
ˮɽļֵҲۣΨһ·ߣֱӴɽȥҲǲУɽϪ֡ͱڣʮָӡ
ɽֱӳȥǾҪɾˣ޷ͳһָӣֻܸ߲õģ˵ˮɽҲʧ
֮£ֻú޺޵ش˻طȥȸԮʱߵü٣ʱ֧Ԯó˳̵ľͷоĴɡ
ʱսȫû̻ʲôʿߵĵʲôʱʲô󷨣ȫ̸ˡ
һҶСӾɱһҲʱˮɽϸϣϵˮɽʱѾսҶҾڼҾϱЪϰʱ
͵Ļɽһǻ£տأۿҶҾƻ磬ַ˷ֱĴɣƾ˼ҵĶô
˾ˣô죿
ͷĿŻŵظϵǰкһͷҵãֵУ֮裿
ͷֻһûҲûˣ˼һ󣬺޺޵ضŵ͵ˮɽǲϧһҲҪס
ˮɽѾסˣһɽȻڽһЩ£ԶԶﲻһ򵱹صļЧ֮ɽؾޣڼ㳲սš
ɽͷĿֻ̾£ߣѯʶԲߵʱˮɽͷĿҲ£õ۳ߡ
ˣײУǶס˰
ˣҶСǰ˼Ҫһ򾡰
ˣзϣߣ˾˱ɽϣٲ취Ҫȫûˣ
۳ͷ󺹣룬ܳʵͷĿ̵˵ô죿
ͷĿһֻͣһеı鿴ʱ˵Ļ޷˵ڵģϣ۳ϵǾ仰
۳Ͽ˿ǵɫܳʵʵұ
ͷĿһͷͬСһ㡣
۳ϳһ£Ťͷ˿ڼկǱߣڼҴɽҰѾߣ۳Ťͷ˿ɽǱߣʱõķѾڽ̿ȵɽû˫Ȯ״ս۳Ťͷ˿ҶСоǶѵĺ󱸾ӲͶս۳ת˸ұķ򡭡
ơ߹һŵҴ̲סˣͦˣͱˣսǳˣ˵仰ѽ
۳ս֣ʱඥȵ


08 ɽɽ
ҵһɽɽɽ࣬ݺڶ࣬ڷ̵һ֡
ɽȴֻкУʱҹɹڴ˴һйȻưˣڡ
ˮͳһҹɹйַϽһͥԺﲻޣѾγһƬȺ
ķ˺ӨӨɡԼӵı£ˮȻҪԾ֮꣬԰һɽ
ɽ¼һСͤȻ̽£·ԾˮһͤǰһӨӨţԾؾ˳˴죬ϺͤϺ֡С족
Աһ΢Ц˵ʱѣܣ귢ɮˣ˴ӹ͢׷Ӵ˾ﰲˣԴ˵Сһɽƽ˵ҪҪһݣ
ĿֻжʮԵü⺷²ûʲôװΣԲס
쵶ˮĴ֮һΪ˾ҵϵӵܣϾĲƲҲȺ׵ıǮҪƵϹֵǮ
ӨӨ쵶ôһ˵ȻĶôּ¶ȻҪһݵġӨӨȸԾصҪݰǵȵң
ӨӨϲܽͤӣͤһǶȹգ϶˶ع˫ֺʲɽϵذݣ˫Ŀ΢գĬĬ
ӨӨɫ㣬ȷ޾ף쵶ΪμҵϵӣŮӲ֪ĳ΢˫ǲΪ̲ס࿴ۡ
쵶ϾӵܣþѵԳȣæܿĿ⡣
ӨӨĬɽϣӣС룬ɾͷޣݹӨӨȹֻСƵȻСͤ
쵶Цʵʲô
ӨӨ⣬Ƥأ˵ͲˣҲŲ㡣
쵶ЦҲԵˣ㲻˵Ҳ֪
ӨӨһףô֪
쵶һʣúȤӨӨȼ͵Ĺ˻ʲôϵģ⻹ôļλﲻ£ĺš
쵶̲סЦɽָһ㣬Ȼ֪
ӨӨţɵؿۣһصӣȴ
ķ˼Ůģ֪ҶС֣ƫƫҶСɽġĿ쵶һۣ˸ɫ쵶עĿص˵ͷ
ȻǲǴͭ߻Ҫ봨Ҫˮϵĵ̣ӨӨͭʵ¶ȻҪ鷳μҴ͡μϵ֮УҲֻôӦ
쵶ĸãɽɣҸѾ½ӷ磬ǵɽ̸
ķʰ׶ϣ쵶˵μҺͲֵò죬鷳ɽô
쵶صμҳеȻһϲǷǣⳡִȫӦһ˶ֻҪҲƣˮ̫ƽ죬¡
쵶Цһ¶֮ɫμ¹˭
ӨӨں棬ҲⷬԻֻܶعɽ侰ɫɽľ¹Ȼ㣬ʤաһɽʯ̨׻ϣñһ£һׯ԰Ծǰ
ӭͦڴ֦࣬չⰻȻͥǽҲɽ׼ǰȫɽƶ䣬йоأȴ֮˼ɼɡ
ӨӨ̾صƯθô˵һλڴеĶ
쵶Ū˴ĺΣ
ӨӨ룬ش
쵶Ц棬ɰлᣬҵҪȥʶʶˡ
ӨӨЦ㲻ȥʶɽɽˮɽɽˮˮֵܷó£
쵶һô˵֮ʤɽ
ӨӨָԼǼһ㣬صΪڣɽûѽ˵ţӨӨ뵽ҶС˵Ǿ黰ӨӨһ羰㵽˼ɾ
쵶һ㶣̲סЦ֮˫μңμҿɾ
ķЦԷǵصӨӨһֵۣصѾͷô˵ġ
ǰӿԼү˹͹֪ͨȥ̼Ŵ󿪣쵶ĸĸ˫״ɾġꡱЦӭ˳

ʱһ˼ҵķ񣬺̶ܴҲܷӳ⻧˼ҵķμׯ԰šƮƮҵׯ԰ȫһˡ
ɽӵϿϿаˮϣԻɳˮɽһƣԻɽΧԲڣͭءءءɷأءɻأ򰲹ءصһҪĹذɼɽ֮ա
Ѵ֮߰õҵҪϳ֮һ͡ʱӦں͵ɽϡ
ɽ·ƣ涸ͣΨһͨɽһխ֮߰ãľҰһɹƵľ±ݡ
ɽ̨ͤ¥ʤ彨һĸ¥ܶΡûʣ֮ߡǰûе·ȴԸççȺɽڴ˴Ȼ
ʱӦ͸ڵ֮ϣǰһĵʯԶǷţչۺϣҴϹϵһʣͬˣ˵¾Ϳ飬¿ǵ˲ִٲ˾Ĵƣ鶨ڶ꿪
š
Ӧ΢΢һЦҶСֽΣ
Զ̤һҪ˾֮ԼأҲΪԭ򡣡
Ŷ
ӦĿһֱǲ͵Ⱥɽϣ仰ڸ˫ֻתĿͶעԶϡ
ԶʶҶС챻ƽ̳ϴɽͲϣռȡկ¶Ӧ˵һ飬ӦһüͷɲϣҶСطɽʲôƨߡ
֪ԶȻûеһʱ£Ȼģ˵²ӰļƻӼšԶ˵ҶС³ɽҴ˷ɽڣΪơ
ӦЦˣ͵صҿϵˣɽЩ̡Ϲͷôܶùôˣ
ԶʱҶС컹ûжˮɽԶ֪ӦҲںɽЩʲôƾҶСԸ˽⣬֪ҶСһʧ
Ӧ룬ͻȻʵҶСǱΣ
ϹһڣֻҪ˵һɽμҡ簲ңƽ̣ңԶϽǡ
пܰһֻϷֻб°ٵһ̣ҶСУȻ
Զ¶һ˿ЦάϢ˵ҶС֮£ϲΣȾ˶ģֵʧ͵Ļˡ
Ӧգ΢Цת־ççȺɽĿȻˮ򣬲üƤӵ¾ͺôһѿеĹͷμҡְ


09 һ
˵λ˾͢׹ƷҲʱõ͢ʹͣӦʱ͢Ĵľʮãʵ۸ҳϣͷӷｫְָʹء
Ϊʥ˼ˣ÷˵뷷ھģ˵ˣҲֻķˣǺǣǹϲϲ
쵶ĸӢ΢ЦŶķ˵ķǫõ⻹Ϊ׾ǰոռӷƵô͢ĺ񰮣Ըɷϣھ˵ʲô
ӨӨ𣬿źϿڵĲȳ˼ڣСèƵģĸⷬӣٴĹٶģ̾ô࣬ô࣬Ҫ˵ھ⣬˵ٺ»ģ
쵶ȤЦ͢ھӦĴô͵ˣֻôһŮжǮǸױ
ӨӨЩߣÿӼʣµǿƣߺߵص˼ҲŲϡױ١
ʱθ߽һضӢүǰϢǰͭȥĵ·Ϊմ꣬ɽ鱩ɳ£˵·ʮµҲûͨˡ

ӨӨһ̧ͷķüͷ·ѽԭƵͭأ⡭Ҫϰ¡
ηɷ⣬æϷҪμҶסЩӣҿ֮ءֻǣʥּʥ²õ̫ðɣǵӲϲǲá
ķ˳ţɫ
ķ͵͵ŮһۣӨӨȻʧȴĸΪѣ齿ЩȴܶТġӨӨһ˿ϣ쵶֣ɽ·գҪô
쵶ţ⻹ɽ·ҹϹھ¡ֻоʯ·ϣĹɾͳˣ£꣬пܰ
ŶӨӨ˱죬ضķ˵ǡǾ͹ڽ봨ɣ
ķ˼к̣һŮͭʣ֪ҶС챻ץɽȥӺͶҶСĸ飬ʱ񲻸⣬ֻӲĳοŮТģΪ֪Ǿȥǣسʱȡͭʱˡ
Ʋգɽȴ֮ţӳ϶Ǻͮͮġ
ɽ̽¶СͤӨӨɽ巢Ƣ˼Ҹոհ㣬˵ôˣû㣬ҲĹҰ¶ɲˣҪأҾλɽϸһԺŷ飬ߣߺߣ
ӨӨһ׶ӣɽЦת߳СֲͤǧˣһҪร
С·СӣЦԼС㷢ƢͷȥλСһǵСһŵģСӨӨ˼˰ɲһϹ

ϣҴҳˮɽ׷ŹƨȥˡΪߵòִ٣Ҫ췹ʱ򣬲ŷֹҲûУҲûƫƫҰ˼ҡ
˼ֻ񣬲˼㣬Ȼȿ˾үʹСͷĿǹү⣬СүǶͷûˣֻöŶ˯һ
˴գս׷˰죬緹ʱ·һׯϣһ£һׯӣץ׽ɱ򣬺ݺݵشһ١
ׯңϣһɽ֮أڲ˺ЩɫĴСϱҲҪꡣ
ϣԴãʱ׷˹ϣץһֻռҲ˲˾ˣһ߿żһǱߵ
˵Ȼܼұ˶ϣЦʵǿעǵˣ
ǳ˾үӦûУҿǾ͵פֻ̽ǰ̽죬ûˣûǹ׷
ϣϡ룬ɵصûɰݵҷֺ׷̽
ǳӦһЩ۲ؿ۲ϣеռ˾˿еô˿ûʹ͸˼ֻ˿ĭȥ
ϣ˸죬˾ȸܼҷѾʹ󷢳һڷʶתһȦȥˣȥˣȥˣ
˵֮ԱΪɵӣΪֶرأҪһû㶼׷ֻվԭصţɵԼܻΪŪʲô¡
ϣ˿̾ͱһֻɵӣʵԶȥĹѾЩʲôǲ׿ʸףվģǲϣأ׷ȥ
վס
ųǼں֮ͭʵڶú߽ɣҶСǰҪӡοݺһĲϣϣҿֻڰĴӵԶԶشС
ͷؿ
ϣУ˵ҷʶ룬Ϊ
Ц
ϣŭЦʲô
һۣм֣ɵƣ
ϣŭﳤȥĹҧгݵصϵˣ

۳һӣɽԹƽ糱ˮĹЩֵסˣ۳һˮɽڼҵĴ죬̾Ĵҡ
һ·ٶϣ಻ãʱڲѶϣ˵ɽȥҾһɢ
һϹƽڵθڣǲУҰսҲ̫ɫڴǾսʿսĳǸ˺ͺӣҲɱЩ
ƽ׷ȥʱѾȫ̸ϾӵãҪΡָӡȡϣսҲֻһãһȫʿ߰Ӱˡ
۷ûʲôرı־Ⱥһ죬һ꣬޴ȷ˭졣
˹Ϫеĺˮ϶԰ʯһ˫ţƤѥӱˮһޱȣѥֱʯݸۣ鼱˺Ӱڽ£һͷ˹ľԡ
ţϲ֦֦辣ղӻȫѪ˿Ҳ˲òһϲʱ˷Ĳҽó˳̵ľ
ͻȻ˫һԣӲͣסˡǰһͷ߰ͷ­šͷ۾ߣ͡ƽԴƬĻƣĶ
ȿֲһߵĴ˵аıйءʥ˵ջʼ棬߹֡ɯɱˡ
й񻰴˵УߵҪõĶࣺŮ߰ӰǣֻǰȴһĶߣûɾ
ĺëҺߵϰЩ˽⣬ߡͦˣʵһηģֻҪ㲻ӽовͻԭزĿ뿪
˿̧һֻţֻҪȥһӱͻȻһͷײĺϡ
ա
ǰȥֻ仰ͼǡͷХһ߿ڴţ˹ȥ


10 ƤҶС
һʬĽţҶСǰһ˸߲ҵصˣ군ˣʬף
ҶСͷ˿ͼǾʬ壬ɫϣһͷ߿ڴţҧ촽ʬ˫ֻ߬ϣ߱ˣҲж
ҶСʶģͷϸ㳦죬ɻ󲻶̲סʵȷ
û˺üĸȷϹ
ðɡ
ҶСӣȰʬϵһȥͷʢװˡսʱǶͷȻʤѷ֣һλ˾ǻҪӦġ
ӦһʬԱȥڼҺչСˣҵĽҪҪ
ڼҺ˸ɱĶЦɽϿһӣֱӾˣʡڿӡ
ҶС컹û˵Ѿ̬ˣ򲻿ɣһҲضֿ˾ҲҵΪˮޡѧΪиΪϣ
ڼҺ˸۶иƨǶɱˣ˭Ҷ죬̶ȫǴˣ
ҶС˵Ķԣ֣ɱһǧ˰ٵ¶ɲáο˵ȱһıسΪʸ֮ġүƴ䣬ȡȰұˣѪең
ڼҺֻôӦһתѺ䴦ȥصˣҰǲɱ⡣Ǵ֮󣬴˴ô
ҶСһۣҰǰˣ˭˵ˡżڼңҶңֵĲˣһ˳ñһãû¶Ƶķ񣬰ѱĲ˶ˣǾ͵СԼˣ
һķŽ˶ӣϲصӢѧˣ
ҶС΢΢һЦɱ̫أǣԲұƫǳ¶
ѧѾڬBҡСȵ߹ʶȤĴӦһ߿ˡ
ڬBߵҶСǰЦصҶˣĳˮɽôлң
ҶСݺݵصһۣҼǵ֮ǰڴ鶨ǣڼ𹥣
ڬBСһϣϧصǰôӵܱҲءֻǣս˲Ϣ䣬ʱʵڵȲҶ˵ıϵˣĳֻõϣϳڲҶ˵Ĵ£ҲǺǣ
ڬBͷЦǼЦ̲סЦҶСһת߽ԱһɽʿڬBԥһ£ӲͷƤ˽ȥ
һҶСͱˣתŭʵΪβԣţ
ڬBõͷ½ǣż⻮ȦȦίص˼ˮɽòô㻹˼ҡ
ҶСװģߣҪǣԮܴ
ڬBˣҴˡ
ҶСץסֱۣϡžһƣҲ֪СôˣҲڼӵûɽǶ˷ְɡ
ڬBþϲص˷֣ѽô˼˼̫ռˡ
ҶСһǷӯϣ۵˵Ұˣ
ڬBŴ۾̫̰˰ɣˣһ߷֡
ҶСߣһأɣ
ڬBڼկˮɽ߶ϣԾͽչˣʲôùܾطǮ⻹а
ҶСЦҶˣҵĵ̾ҵĵˣҪտô
ڬBЦ˰㣬Щ鷳
ҶСлҵĶҿס
ڬBһͦأصǳɣֵܣˣɽڼģ׼ˣɲ̫۸ˣ֡
ҶСƨ˭ֵܣ۾ˣ˰ɣ
ڬBƽ̹СԹԹص׬ҲôûģҲû취㳤ˣҪֹȥɲԹﲻ㡣
ҶСһŹֵ㡭˵ʲô
ڬBؿһۣصʲôк˼ҿɲȣɽˮݲͷţƵĶ˼ϸȥģ˽
ҶСʧɫˣˣѽѽ
ҶС챾ܵ˵ϽףܲúһûеǺȻ뵽ӨӨô˵
ڬBһۣ͡һˣһһûö£ȢңһءڼͷˣƷ޵ҶȥЩݺݺ󻶵СŮˣŶûУҵĺӣԼ
ҶС˰亹ͷ˵㡭˺Ӳ˵ոմƣɣ
ҶС쿴ڬBƽ̹СλãѾһƴС˶һƴƨϣ᲻ĶĤͽš
ڬBõģôأҼƣҶأȫϾˣ
ҶС۵ң
ڬBЦǡ壿
ҶС촹ͷɥصˣˣ
ڬBԲ۵̫޳ˣҲ˼ɣ˾ͶˣӳˣҲ
ҶСصҶˣ
ƨɿ
ڬB죬˵һȻҶС仰ڬBõʱϲȥ˫һĲӣż࣡һǣϲ̵ص˶ã
ҶСͦǣ߹״ɲ۸ҶӻŮ
ڬBüЦ᲻ᣬôûĵĺӶ۸ô۸ҵ⡣
ҶСȺӳˣҼң˫ҡ
ڬBø֣߰ͷ˵ɣඣ
ڬBֻ߰Ŀȸҡͷβͻε߳

ڼҺȷʵֱӹռұͷ״ţֵܾͲˡȻֱڣҶСԼ˶ܿݣֶκʹֵܶ
ǳ˴ڬBöҶСģǻʲô룿
ȻڬBÿȴҶСԵģռˮɽ˳ȴڼͭʵҶСһҶС˸ĵ̺ͰգԴԴϵıԱ˰԰øĹƽ̽ͽЩˡ
˵۲ŴԣڹʵеСˣϾһʼͰԼĿ궨Ϊͭʵһ۽ôܱҶС컹ߡ
״ţڼֵܲҵֻѷ²Ѻұ£Ͷ˵ĸ־ڱ⣬ҪѾ˼һ׻ˣĻԼţҾһؼһ״ҶС챣֤һƴǣڴ򿪱Ͷˡ
ռһλ͢˾ĵ̣һҳ͢ϿɵϮ˾ʹĨȥǴɡΪĨһλ˾Ĵڣ㲻ӳ͢ϣ͢Ҫġ
ҶС˵ȴѽôҪɶƤˡ


11 Цɼ
ˣ㿴λأԶֶ̫үү۴̫үүֵ
һ
ҶС첻ͷذڰ֣ǸЩǿ걻һߣ֮ǰѾȥĺվһ
ָһ˺Ĺϵͽˣ
ҲǼԳˣ֮ǰûЩӣҶСʱֻ˳һ£ͰǵĹϵǵһѹͭʵһʦ
һ
ҶС켸ֻģһ˼⣬˾ʮһˣͷصһ棬ûһ˿۵ģûô
ؿЦˣжôˣһЩԶǹϵʵڲ̫Զ˸Ӷš
ҶС°룬ʵŮأҲļôаһͳһŮɡ
æŮУв٣Եȡ
һʮŮʮ壬С꣬һؿҶС졣۵£˴˲Ǻôĵӡ
ЩŮŵøϽ򵹣ضû㹦ΣʱվһѯǺĹϵҶС׾ؿš
꣬صҶСߣһһܣҶСͻȻһָһСŮʲô֣ʲôˣ
Ůͣ鼫ΪЩƾɡҶСʻҲ֪üĿ㿴һ㶼˵˾ұǸˡ
СŮشҡҽأ˾Ҷ塣
ҶСüһԶ壿
ηӵصס׶塣
׶壿ҶСЩɵؿ˿·˾ֶŮô᣿
ҶСˣŮ۴Ů۴òϣɱˣһежȫˣŮӵԻΪūˡ
ҶСȻصͷɣˣҵ˾ˣ
ؾ㵵صɴ۾ЩԾؿҶС죬ګګص˾ҡô
ҶС΢Ц˵ҶСԱ߾ڬBһָ㿴λ㣬һ˾ĺأ
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ԱЩӶĽ۹⿴أ֪Ƭ֮ǰŮǵͼĶ࣬Ǵһ𣬼ֻǸħĿܣҲֻԶ
ҶС߽˾£һ衣ڬB߽Ҳ룬Ա¡Դӻ˺ӣϲһƣڴǷũūѸ質üĺܡ
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ҶС˿ڲ裬ҲŮģôƲŮ˾𣿡
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ҶС΢ЦһЩҲã͵ΪӻˡСأǲôģǵ˺ҵ˳ںһҲ޷ֱ˴˵ʱһҸ˼Ҽˣ̫ƽӡˣ˵ڼկĻ˾ôҿͦġ
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ҶС˸˾Ұһסո뿪һ˫Ȼν˴ҶСЦ֣࣬డ
㬵ص൹ǲ࣬ҿؿɿˡҵȶϸˣֻһ飬ȴôô
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ҶСôһ˵е㲻˼ˣɿҲǴһ⣬ûɶҪһһ룿
ҶСһӣƵصǲɣҶСԿԼܿѡʵۻأ¹ȵֵǰ׳ţҪȻǿҡ
ΪжȻҶСҲôĿˡ
ҶС룺ˣҲΪ߳ɽһֱôռˣǼҲͭʸĻȨЩôʵݰ
ôȥ¹ø£ЩôǰһЩ˵ڼλС̰Զռˣեȥ顣
Ǹֱˬӣګګ䣬˵ʲôƴǵĻź׹һЦȻԴһƣҶСˣλҪ㡣
˵¶һ˿ɫҶСһĵŮˣ㻹ͰյұͿʼ黨ǲˡ
ҶСԴ棺ĵƯӨӨʶģǡλǵģڴ


12 Ů
ҶСȥλ˵ĵ˹عԼڴһëǾˣŻƷɡֹƬѭҲˣء
ҶС쿴ǣû˵ڼҺ͵ˣҶСֵصʲô£
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ҶС죺
һȺүǡСүվſڣӳ˲ӷ·һȺιʳѼλ˵ĵ˹ĹҶСӵŶſڵһȺүǣпҶİ
Ȼſڵ˽ߣ¶һӵˣȻͥеĻŮɾ󸲸һѩȻһǣţϵķȻһĨ⡣
ģǴӹ߳ģѹָǴϴҲҪ˵һĵ˹ֻһվʤµζӯӯһյϸϸüǳϣһְĸоͬʱֻһ˺ȥֱ
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ҶС컺վĿ΢΢һش˸Цԭ״ʦþòȴ֪ϴˣɰô
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СʱɣɸɽܣҲԸŮһ棬Ҫ˵ûء
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ǣ˼ҵŮҪеĶ̫࣬飬ʵҲԶֳôѡοТ˳ĸȴ˳Ӽ
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ҶСû˵ȴһĨǿĻȣһ˫ӽ÷һĨ˵ζϤ˻֪¿ԶҪˡ
ֹΪĸಡ̫ں壬ôˣܻܿ˺ĸףĸ˳⣬˾һѵİǵҸԣֹҸԸһˣѴ㣡
ҶС۾һһص㲻ָһ顢мŮӣĸ֮һУܲ˵ӵΪŮ
Ҫ£ҪôӦצӣҪôѬĵչۻת⣬˭֣óһ˵ĵ
ҶС컺վ𣬳Ҿȥһչλھӣ


13 뻢ѨɵûŮ
Ҫȥչң
ڬBЩĵؿҶС죬ҶС˵ͷ𼸷֮⡣
ȥչұûʲôǴȥΪһŮˣڸոսڼȡҵ֮ҶСʵеΪ飬ǸоôеϿӲ˵ζ
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ҶСȣͩʱɱҡΣΪɱ֮Һչۿ޶Թ
ڬBŭصҲô˵ҼӲ٣ûԼ벻ƫֵͷһˣѵң
ҶСһƢϽǣ˵Ķԣ۲˰ɡ
ڬBŭδϢְһۣżչ۴־裬ʲôӢذͽӦȴȫӦֻӵͿԿó˵۽硣ִ£˸ɲδأҶɱ˽Ķࡣ
ҶСɲΪȻ˵ıƣڬBȷʵ࣬ͭҷԴȻڬBãȴΪڬBżǣţֳ֧ƽҵĹؼڡ
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˾үֻǱеһͷֵô
ҶСһƬһƬģͷɥ˳ȥڬBÿıӰҧŴǿЦ⣬ֱӰȫʧڬBò¶ЩԹȥΣʲôԼأ

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һЦλ˾ү·ôôűŮ˻鷳
Цݿص֪˾˸ոնˡ۴֮Ů룬Ϊֹնɱ߱û죬ұҼ˾Ѿ˾ΪŮΪ常ܲٵģһҪ뿪ĻЩ¶͵öཻٵһͺãһͺá
˸ǸŵĶǿˣ˼ҿϣر
˸ɣǾ͵ȰɡֻǲǸϵСģȲȵĶеˡ
ݸϽԶԶԣ㿴ԣţϽϵġˣҽ㣬⼡ʲôѽְۣž͸ӤƨƵģǽһ⻬

鷿ڼҺءѭ졢СƷɵ˶ڣҶСף˾ѵĶԣһ򣬾һ˾Ļҵ˸⡭
ҶС쿴һۣչչҵˣĸţ󲮾ҪӦ̹׽Ҹ޴ôǡ
ȥչңչҲϴӦҵףô죿ѵһܴչӲչ۴ǻ裬ͼҲô
ĿһѿڵǾ鷳ֱϴӦǵ
ҶС׵ֻģǲŸոմұžչұѵĻʿصȵǷãҪҪһ
һҪ̡ҪǮỤ̊ʱ۷Ź⣬ķæ˷ܵص˷ģҾʿ磬ս޲ʤ޲ˣû⣬Ըͷ󣡡
ڼҺЩȴҲǴұҪȡ˱Ͳ˾ֻҪһ£̾Ϳչҿս
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ǿĸ齨ţֵĲ֡Ҫ˵ҶСڵ֯δΡõɨǡǣңġϵ֮ޡľ˵ݺ´ܡʱ򣬺Ȼ뵽һǿĵ۹һλǿľִۣɱ;汩Уһ߽⣬ĵ۹Ҳķˣȫάϵμŵıײ
˵ľһ׮£սϲЧ³ɼ˼ֻҪͶƳǺضǣ³ɱ䴫ԣɱľźƶ֡˹ֲаĹľĹ餱򿪵ĵڶ죬ս塣
ҶСһģ΢ЦչǱҪȥģҶҪηηƾʲôǵ˾أߣչδɱ֮ģڵƣɱˣգζҪðġչۣĶҶɱģôչұɱأ뿪ٰ·Ϯɱ
ֻҪҶСû׼ַǱɡһַչ۾죬Ҳ޷жΡڶַȫ˶֪ɱģһԵչۻôѡ
һˡҶС˫ۻ˹˵Ȼ飬ҿҪɱ㽫ˣ


14 Сȸ
ҶСһ֮˷׷ȥ鷿ֻʣ»Ʒɺ͸˼ȺķԸҶСԸеկҲڵʱұ߱ˡ
еͷ˷ģ߽ˣ
ҶСֶԻƷɵһӾɵʿȥչңƷɵͷȭһתȥ
ţڶ趼ˣżҶСҴ߽ȭлʧʧ¶Ҫһһţúˡ
ӯӯЦЦصٶˣȻͶЩܸɵˣҪΪȴҲǸð취Ҫ˵ǹݾûܴùүӣɰүÿﲻɽˮǺŪеĺܣѲôȻҴС
ҶСϸ룬Ȼһ֣صصԣҶĳ̣ܽ
һǵȵĲͷڼڽҶС켸䣬ȴҶС쾹ҲɹߣȻûнһ˵һۣҶСͷϵı⻷ԼЩ
ҶСˣһӣһɫɽװǳɽߡͳһѵһѹ״߶󴦣һץ
ɽжѪۼƲָӡƣƽʱũڲҩǳͷʱֳ˸ͷҰ޻ܷ
òˣҲûʣĺۣĵȴ쳣Ϊ״Ļȣиʱ׾٣ɱʤ
ֻһһգֵȻˣõֵĻǻѳ׳ˣ治ȫӲ
ǻһѳԵͬûʣôλεعϣֵµ嵶ЩƣҲ졣ȺǴֵ㣬
ֵˣܶʱ˵ַͬýҪľǳ磬Ʈڼ֮ھҪеڵ£սߵݶ·
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ҶСڻûиĲ´ģװһǱϷ˵оУݶɽҶСûҪɱԭӣûҪ
ϣ˿ڽнʿʳӳڵ棬ʱһѩĺâҶСŤͷЦЦڵ˲ˣ
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ҶСҪ˳ӵĶ˽⵽λôȷȻôȻԭġҶСֲȥƸѵҪУ
ҶСһ٣һЦܽǾôճ˫ˡ˵⻰ʱԼţһɣչͷݣϰַϣһ;ܴˡ


չһҶСãһڻؾʱգĻ֪ԼǸֶŮִⲻϼΪҶС졣ò˳Ǽǻˣ
˵չҲ֪ҶСΣҲʮ㣬ǱֿɼˡȻо׻СĪչѾˣȵõʮӶתô
չ붼δ룬һڻؾƬ̹򣬹ܼٶүҶ˾ִҪ㣡
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صչǰȻҲƽ޹һǿУ׳çײ嶯֪ǳһŸӾսһ鷳統˵أȻΪвչҴӴ˲ܲΪ˷ɡ
չ˼Ƭ̣ͷɣϷӣǾͼһ
΢΢һЦã̸ǵģֻǣߴšߣǵļ¶ҿɲ͡
չȥ֪ҶС쵽æ˵չȥͷЪϢ֪⣬Ҳ˵ƣˡ
չڴг˼Ƭ̣һӣԸȥҶС
˿ͷ̺£㻽Ը׼ҶС뿪ʱ򡭡
絶бб򾱼һȻЩ⣬ȴδֳֻǵ˵ͷ
ǰиӵֻ֣һԸţʱӦ䡣м㣺һǶֵϲκαǿ֤ҵˣֻʧܣɹ
ڸ˵ĸоǰŴʮݣǰӵб¶ʵΣգӶڰУ⵹¡
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ҶСչһΪˣͭʾƽһΪӦᵶᰮҶСҲӦƲҾͿԳû٣ˡ
ڱǮޣҪ붫ɽֻǧҶС˹ͻΪ˶ݾƣθֵһؼСȸ뵽⴦ЦЦģ


15 ɱ
Ϊ

ǺǣҶ˾ʲô̸ΨĻ£̸
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Ǿû̸ˣչѾͲ»ԼʱֻѻҵĺҶ˾Ϊγûм飬ûǸذɣ
ҶСӦҰģ⡣ҰĲڹˣ³͢졣ӦڹȻأԳ͢ʲô
ûǴĻ֮أǹҹɹڡҹԴݽ֮ӦһҲΪǷδ¶̣͢һ췴Գ͢û֮ʦ̼ܰշ촷ۣչǰ֮Ϊ飬ʱҲǣһ֮Ҫ°
չ۵Ӧ쳯͢ҰģӦ־ٶֻΪ˳Ϊ˾֮˾֮ϡӦĶԳ͢з⣬Ҳǽ¶ȽӦ׳չң°ˡ
ӦȻӣǴһټֶӵʱǻʺҲǻʹչҽɻڴﵽֵزӦǿиɣǳ֣͢ʱվǾǳ͢Ĵ󹦳ȵ֮ٵó͢أɽˣʼڲ֮ء
չ̴ǺãҲһ־ϧͨ̿УȫӦ˰׳գ˽͵Ĵ͢˰׳գ˼һ⣿
չ۵ţɫһ࣬ҶСŭסڣںԣ˷⽮͢سܳ͢ոյõνⶼָʹһְʶƵ㾹ҿڳԣⷬһȥ𣿡
ҶСЩĿ⿴ִԲĴҡҡͷһ˳װ˯ԶҲչǰִԲһ죬չҴٲԨ
չߵϷԵαԵ׶࣬ҪѵϷѾңذɣ
ҶСŬչǰ׳չңɣӦ֪ʯѾҶˡǽڣҳɾؽ֮ã񲻺ùԶڲݵӦ
չ۷ЦָҶССӣƾҲϷƽƽ˵Ҳ벥ȣռʯңһӲŭֻҪʬ޴³
ҶСǿ̷ŭչǰ
չۻȻת˫һͷȵͿͣ
ҶС̤ǰһȵչۣ
ʿӿҶСס
ҶС޺޵صչ۵ıӰص˵ͷãߣҶĳ˱չ۲ʶ̧٣ҲеӲס仰ǣ
ҶСߣͥԺеĻƷ䱸һӭȥҶС켱Уѹײɣ׼ڶƻ
Ʒɻһͷ
ͥϣչҶСµݻعҶСԶȥıӰ
ҶС챳ӰͦΣ͸Źƣ߹ձʱͷҲعһ£ȶĲӣֻһʧˣչ۶ʱüͷ
ǰЩӣͻȻɽУʮа˾žΪռկӺأΪʵҰʵСռʯңθڽֹڴҶСֻΪչҶ䣬ҲԳûӶչҵأһһʯ֮ư
һˣչɱĶ𣺡ʯһֱߣ˷ʯֿ֮ƣһưոݣҲһ֣ʱ˼һЩôչؿ겻˰
ʱܼҼ߹չ۵үҪȥֹˡ
չ۲ͷػӻ֣ȥҵʵ㣬ںչҲڲ֮䣬ڳĴĳӣ˭
˿æӦһҪˣչһֽסס

עţһҶСҪߣ׼뿪ˡʵչҾõĲڳ֤ݣҶСĸоһǹƶˡթ
ȻһԶţǵ³ԳָӣҲʲôãǱܵȥ۶ſһЩ˵ͨˡ
һǣչȻûɱҶС˼˾һҶСչ޿ܣ׮Եǻ
ˣȥլչѵԼүԸȥҶС˱ضҪ¡չҹһûŭ뿪չұ
ҶСʶǰԶԶںûãչұֳһбɱȥ
ҶС컺·ϣʱŤͷ׷΢΢ʧļƻ̼չ۶ɱ⣬ô뱤׷ɱѡ
ҶСҲһ䣬˼ῼ²ܸԼأһϺչһµģ²չɱһ취
ʱͿֿ漴ͷ񱼣Լĵ̣ڼҺ˷ǰ߽Ӧʱ߾Ϊչˡ
Ѿ߳Զչұ׷ҶС첻ʧ˼ҲɱҲûа취ܲܵչǰӳ˲ƣ
ƷɻͷһۣҶС磬¼ƻʧˣ׷
ҶС̾˿ˣǳɻ֮ڡдʱ䣬һõ취
˵ƷͻȻסһ£ж
˵ţƷɱǳػϣһʾͣ¡
ڻͣסƷɫˣĿ֮Ƭ̧̣ͷҶСм٣
ҶСϲϷԸȫ䱸
Ʒ磬ЩУϷͺá
ҶСҧгݵصϻ쵰ɱģɣҲߣһҪ׷ϷȫףҪã
ʱԶƽϳһڵ㣬ڵѸٱһߣȥѾǼ۳ҵһ·
ৣ
һڿѩԵ˿У綬ѩһƵĹҲǽ߬סڿһֳһֶУѪײС
ɽ磬Ҫ˵ĻҲ٣ǶԼ˺Լ죬ˣײ̬֮ȷʵԶɽսʿҲˡ
ҶСҲץ˵Ȼֻóۿһ·ｦֻ̳һ֮صʱͦսĻƷͻȻһʧ磬񲻶԰
ҶСʱҲˣʱǶλͷɢܵ͵ӱץƵģҴС㣿


16 Ӣۣͬ
ʱѾҶС죬ɫһϲӿٶ˹ȥ
ԶԶ׺ҶС죬ø̫ҶС췵ұֻ·ѾǰĵصչұȽԶˣ˫ɱĶһչұˣиĻҪܴɡ
ȴ룬Ϊǻȸʵȴֻ⡱ĲչԸҶС죬ɱҶС죬ɱ޻ҶС졣
뵽һҶСչ۵ĵˣΨһֻչۣչԼֺγ벻
չ׳־ȴ㣬ԸôɽƽӲؿԣĲõ⡣Ҫִݻɱ
룬ָʹ´ɱҶС죬˶ỳΪûжͬģչۿǴɱû˻ỳΪûж
ֻҪֽţҶС죬ҶСͰٿĪˡһ׳ˣɱһнľҲΪ֮ĵҪô
жӣչҲжšοڷϵûһ룬Ҳһʾ
ʱҵͻΪãԶԸҶСĻҲЩۣɽͷÿУټҵĻʮְˡ
ʱңȡңչҵõʵݣֶΪǣչɳһĸ˰ȦһҴһװΣбɱˡ
ֻʮˣû뵽콵ҶС棬ҶС˲ڵչ׷һӾꡣ
սֻƬ̣һһͿˡ˶ҵʿҴƴոǿκκûܲסȺǣչٶˡ
ֻʮˣҪ񱣻书᧿Σϣǰ񱼶ȥ
ǰ棬ҶСһٶҲǰ棬׷ҶС컹ǸϵĲǱߣһ
Ҳҿ߼ʱֻҪһԥ˿̾ˡһȳǰ棬ǵٺ滹һѪ͸£Ȼˣš
ҲòĶȥ˼ҪɱĿȻкƴرˣҲǱһɢ˷٣;ֱһβ
С䲻䣬ȴǲۣ֮ϣ׷ӯҲŽ崣˫Ȳ룬β̧õϧķӡ
ϧһߣƨɡСȻй;ҧӲţӱ꣬һ·ڼҶС죬Сϲϴң
һȴ˲ӣһ·ȫ˫֮۳ңֶǲʱŸʹõĶ˸·ȫƾһڶšʱںȣϢһϣһˤ˲ݴԡ

ʧɫҪٶȼһֻӦѾ߰ˣסƥѾʮɿˡ
뵳һ޶Ϊں棬ӦȵԿЩǼһѶס
ȦֻٸɱХȺһȥ˵ʱεѡɲʱһɿХҶС˴߳ȥˡ
ǵսηֻסҪ²ҪһḶ́һǾҶСĺ档
ҶС켸ڿģͬʱʹһˡ˳˿ûԥĽ֮ΪߣûκӲȣ
ɱ
һɱһ
ɱ벽䲻ͬ˫治ǸһӴվססƹƹҵյӣɱʱǲֵģдֻгһĻᡣ
Ҳżǰ滹еڶ˵ٻһһǸˣžҪӭһ˵ĸֵ
һٶһǹǹ⣬˺ɱǵӪ˹ȥһǰһֱɱͷǲŸͣȦչڶ档
ɱҲ⣬ǼѿһӣҶСӶϯȥײϲ·ھĥһֶݵĽ棬̼ʮ˵¡
ҶСڳ嵽ʱһԾȥĻƷɼ״ҲԾ£еתɣϴ´˱У漴ժ֣ӭ䵹ʿ
ӵժ䡢չٰεһĶһǳɣ˶УĿϾ⼸ʽգѾ˵ıУ䵹ʿ
ʱ֮Ҳ׷׳ԷʿȮسƷѹҶСߣŵע˫սΡ
ҶС嵽ߣһģʱˡСڵȻʣٵ㷢¶ŲҰ׵Сſڵϣƨϡ
զ
ҶСе޴ˣƷɲһͷֻǽŵضźХ˫ʿѪ㽦ϣ۾գֻߴ٣磡Ҫ죡Ҫ찡
ŶŶŶ
ҶСžѹæǰĸ첲ԼϡڶαˣһΣﶼ˶ⶣһαһء
˵ҶСͦģӿʼˮ裬ӨӨڬBáһһǾûһ˳˳̫̫ƽƽʶġ
ˮ裬һֱŽ鷳ССĸ鷳Ҫ׷ɱ鷳Լһ·鷳Ȼδ鷳ĸ鷳ֱط꣬ҪŽ鷳
ǲŽһԩҲͷʶĵһ棬ȥݴܣڶִܣܣĴαǸĺƴܣȴ˼ܣ֮첮ĴܣֱΪҪչۡӦܡ
మɱڬBãʶĵһ棬ǱڬBñŹӴ˿ʼ໥ƣʱѹ磬ʱѹ磬Ҳ֪ʱǸͷ˶ִ˲ƣ
λҹΣ֮Сһɽ׷ɱ˽ţһɱ׷ɱƨɣһλ֪ô
ҶС챳пҵӨӨðͲ鷳˵ϵ˵ǵĺ£Ҳ˴컯һССٳһ˾үǣ
ƷɺͼҶСߣ磬ӿˣô죿
ʱ˫ʿѽβΪҶСһм䣬ԷҲϾҶС֣ʱֿ֣Ǿ̼ͻᱻĶԷʿնϾ
ǵȦǾͲˣҶС켱һɨҲҰأɽ£оʯľƥɽ֡
ʱ˫ʿҪһʮɵľ룬Ȧس壬еܲǿɱҶС˼ſڱҪɽ
ûкڣϾʹһɽ


17 ·Ӣ
ҶСĴȣһ߷ɽϿ񱼣һ߾ϲؽе
˴Ǵɽ»ɶľ룬Ҫɽ»Ҫ߰ɣоʯľʿѾȦתҪٶγɳΣֶ롣
ᡭЩۣ
ҶСߵʹҵķ˿΢ܱüֻдʵĺܣǴ˾ƨϻһɾ̸ʲôˡ
ʮɵʿγɳΣҲɲǼ£ҶСĸҵããǲǱ࣬Ǳȳ࣡
ҶСһ˵һ߼Ӵ˫ֵ΢΢ʱͿԼ𶯣һҶСͳˣ±ƣۣοϻһˣҶС첻ٵشϢ
ɱ
չұɳɱγ˳ΣǵĶλһ΢СĻȣֱҶС˶ҶСĲºͬҶСһ˹
˫һɱһȣ伲裬磬̼ܳ嵽ǰ˫ʿƺͬƵģԼͬȡ֣ʼ
չұɱҶСһˣҶСǶԷھֻ̫һĻᣬڱܵĿ׼ͷͲ˵ˡ
ʱ׼ֻܱ𼶵ֲõݶɽǲЩΪ˾ױԲƥԳлģǾһͿˣ׼ͷ̸ϣֻܿʽ˵С
Щдֻռʮ֮һִټֻһ׼ͷʸ裬žޱȣ˵ȴ࣬ټϻƷɵ赶ҶСϣҶСֻͷǰ񱼣ϻһܣٶ˿
ҶС֮յس嵽˹ľʯɽϣ·Ҳеİ;ˣһҵɱٶչ˫һɱһɽƶ
ҶСشŴŤͷһۣȵɽɽߣ١ǰʮ·͡ȫˡ
ҶСѿ˵ٸʮ·ͻӦı뵽ڱϣͷָ˿ڡδˣЩ»ǲ֪
ôһͷȴǶȻһ˾֮߰⣬ҶС˵ٸʮ·Ͱȫˣʲô˼Ƕĵ̰ѵ
ʵѡ˽ͬĵص㣬ҪȻҪڻ;ѡһĵص㣬ͬʱѡһڣҲ֮ˡ
ֻһ룬ϷԼƲ⣬ܣҶС֪ǰзûлҪԼҲ֪ĴѶĿľȡ
Ȼ˵˶ȻԲزڱϺǱ˶ɽʵǸʹҶСڴ־ʯתһ󣬾Щˡ
Ʒɣһ£ˣ
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Ʒɹһ棬䣬Ҫǰ˫һĿһУ
ƷһҶСЦ̣ȻأҲëұ㣬Ӳ찡
޺޵ص㵱Ը㱳ţ
ҶСְ
صУ
ҶС޿κΣ˭Ľأ˵ҲԼĴӣֻñó̵ľɽ
ѾҶС챳һˣݺݵһΣһαʱǻԵģˣҲ޿κˡ
ٻһ˺ܵĽӴôܵˡݵطԭǿЩҲ㣬οţܵĽ̻֮ԭ˼С˿ѷ
һŮұһռӣ޿κ֮£ֻþʹ˸ֱִ߰ɴڣο
ȻҶСأϴǡôܵһһ˵ҲЩĪߣҪˡɱ쵰ôȴҵù
Ů˼ҵ˼еʱʵǲ´ϻҶС챳ɽʱŤͷٿɱ£˫ѾתΪսɱɽҶСӷֹ˫ɱһš
ҶСŤͷǶĻ㻹ô
ַߵصأ
ҶС쳤̾ұ߰գ

չڴȥ·һֻȹϵϣصȴűϢ´ɱľʱԼϣΣֱޣ׾ʵ۷緶һɳȥ㷲

һʿǸ߸ߵżͷһ·ųչһѲסĺӶˣǳˣ
װսʿ˾үɽȥˡ
չۡӡˣɫһףſָغţţɱʮˣɽȥˣ
ʿû˾үָ֮便ʲôȻϵֻǻȻ˾ү̫ˣƴߣϾҪ׷ϣ˭ȴ׷Ҷ˾Ҷ˾һٶˡ
չۺ޲һȴʵҶС
ʿǣҶ˾ϳȣ˫ɽ¾Ҷ˾ɽ
չۺݺһƣʿ˼һӵڵϣչۼ˼ȦȻվסȵ죡ᱤб
ʿ˾ҪԳ
չ۶ݺݵصѵȺﻵϷĺ£ȥ
ʿҶԣܳȥˣչתϸ˼һ󣬽¶һЦı顣ΣδΪҲڻδصĵز
Ƭ֮չұŴ󿪣չ᳤֣ɱȥֻչұޣ֮ǰɳڳ¿ĶУ߻дŽŰһСܣϳһ֧Ķ顣
ҶС챳ɽߣǺڻ⼸ǰ߿·ʱǵĹ˴ã֮гӲһ·ÿģܿãȴʡĿ·ߡ
ɽ£ҶСӺ赲ɱ֣һͻƷ߳ȥǾͳ˸ΪսȻдսƣȴ޷ֹɱɽˡ
ʱҲչӢɱɽ£ʱѾӳһ֧ﳤȵĶ飬ʿģٺ¿ģܲġ
ҶС˺ɱǲɽ£׽Զɱչұɱһսͣչҵɱһˣܲѣֻݣһݼ
չӢվ᳤ɽһƣһ۳ף·ض總ƵĴһ߾ӣչҵ̣ϷĿ˶֣ɱ
ȻɱɣǾֻоˣչӢҪƲԼΨг²ߡ


18 Բ¡䵶
չһӣɱǾˣĪǻͷ
ǲͬ˶ԿֲŲӵһɢչָĴ׷ɱһԾҵҶСµһͷĿʵصϷд̿׷ɱҶ˾Ҷ˾ɻô
ͷĿЩؿչۣ̿Ͳ׷ɱҼҴˣҪ׷ɱҼҴ˾ɽȥˡ
չ̧ͷһɽçç˼٣ϳҰڶ࣬Ҷ˾ɽһô죬̿ѾɢȥǿɽȥѰҡ
ͷĿæչ˾ˣҵɽѰҼɣ
չɫչҵĵ̣Ҷ˾£ϷҶҡҽԣҪ˵Ȼɽˡ
ͷĿΣҲֻԼĲɽѰҡ
չҪɽѰҶСȷʵǲٻдˡȻɱɣΨһѡֻǾˣΪûаհѶԷɱ⡣
ֻǶԸҶС죬ԸԳοִһҡɱ֡ɢģ˭Ҳ޷ϣֻҪҶС֤ģ϶Ҳû취һҧ
ɽϴּ䣬ҶС챳ά裬ߵûйϵˣ˱Ҳһ߲죬ֹľѣİѹǰ·Ӳһ·һ·ȥǲľ۶ɢζ
ôȥʮ·ľ벻һ·ҶСüͷôȥǰ취Լ˱ɱɢɱǺܿ׷
뵽ҶС컽ƷɣƷɣô߲ǰ취ҿǻǾͽһطأȸϻȥȱ
Ʒɲ˰ѶͷˮҶС磬˻ȥɣ±㣡
ҶС£һ׷ϣҲǸȪк洦ų̿죬ɽ·ϣǶ㣬ȥ
ƷЩɣҶСҪģԽϢ͵ҾԽȫȥ
ƷҧɣǡҾȥˣ
ƷɻͷԶççּҲʲôƷɱһ淽򣬶ǰȥ
ҶСڸոձ˿֦мϣԼµÿ·ˣЪЪ
⼸һ·նԶȸһ˵ҶСټϹľп˿Ѻ䤱ƣҶСһ£ڵأشŴ
ҶС쿴ӵȹȹż˶ΪѪࡣ
ſڵϣͷԵؿԼΣٳԼɫô
Ǳ˿ģʾˣʲô߹ɶʹˣ߾һЩ
ҶСЦˡ
׵ܣ
ҶСͷǲסοҪȾȱҪ׷⻹ҪʵڲװʵҸոں棬ϺֻΣҪ°ڶ֦˶˵ġΣ
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С֮Ҳ˲ҷ緶ˣյصƫƫˡ˵ô죿
ҶС˴֣μˣ
Сɫһ䣬ȻУ
ҶСμˣô·ҪΣǿɲ·ˡ˵ұҸвôܲҸŰ˰ɡ
Сᶼ켱ˣֳкüأҪ¶ιˣھԾˣҴС㣬˿ܶʿɱ裬СȻ
ҶС죬ܻͻܻҵڿ¹ˣԲԣ
ҶСŭǲŮôô鷳ҲˣҾȵģڹҸ𲻴ӦҶҪΣ
Ҳܣ㶪Լ߰ɣԼе
Ҳ˾ԶԲسҶС
ҶСʲôƢĻ˵ʲôֻԼ·Ըȥ굽ǱȥҲǣ
ͷ޵һĻȴ޸ûˡκµģƨҲҷţϽһͷԱߵĹľԣ߳߰ɾ룬̫ԶǱ˱ʲþԮͣס
ҶСȥȹӣֻʣҶСһˣƷǰ㾽ȣɽܲˣҲܣҪȻѼ˶ضϣ
ҶС췭۶ƨоôʲôأ𶯣
˺һҶС췢ԶһһѱͰԼϣ⽫ıѹס
󼱣ҪɱϷ·ѹһɽסҶСƿȹ¶㣬ವһ°γһС
˵ƽǱ꣬·һСһŵĹֻǳģǹƽһҶСʲôʱȺȾƴʱţʲôģҲɱֵúˬһЩϧһֱûлʵ֡
˵ڿţţҪеľôһֻ۷۵С
ҪƨɻϡãǾ͸ѿˣ
ҶСвһĵһһڡۣ⻬£ΡΡķ·һöļ˿Ƕϧϱ߲һ֦ƻ
ҶС첻̾һҲݲôĶϧʵϧˡ
һ˺ȫ֡ϣ·˻ѩʨӣʱӰ٣ֻ߷ίҶСϣ
ҶСŵӿǼ˶쾫ʮ֮˾еӲεҲǲԣһ˴ⷭϰ̺Ҳ󣬵õ˳żлƤѼͷȡ˲źȬ
ҶСٵУһ룬ִһݵǰʵص㡭ףҾ㣬ҡ
Ҫ˵ݻǰͻȻһѩ׵һӲûޣ
ҶСҪģҧסʹһЩһͺá
һԥҶСֵɾģҴžûù
һӹҧסҶС쳤һҶˣ˵ղش𣬱һ£
ţ
ʹһƺߣҧסҶС˲Ѫӿ˳еķоⴥ˼Уס
ͻȻһĺһΣһ۵÷ɷףǵ۵ιϱֻһѪۣʱȴѪͿˡ
ҶСæҵ˺·ëëŵΪ˿ڹãͷ󺹡ҶСȹӣѵݵһţˣ
ſϣһԣҲҶСһĪǽҸˣҶСϽһͦ㡭
ŤͷҶС죬ҶС˵һĻʱ˻ȥ
ҧ´촽ֻһߣδɣŭޣҶСһίĺӡ
ҶСʱ˿ֻҪûͺãڣͿƨСǽİƨɣӦҲ࣬һֻ˰ؿɼ


19 ֯
ҶС˼ظԼɣſ϶ҲҶСϣصѹ˫ȣβֱ㿴⣬һʱе㲻֪ˡ
Ȼ֪ҶС⣬ؿڵϸоõǳַԵѹȸУβϸһֱӼĸоģһļҪǻӡ
Ůˮģɽһˣ趨ԽǿƵŮˣҲԽһǿӲͬΥȻɡ
ԺԺ궯ķģһʱ֮˼㱣Ǽ˿ڵʹҶСʧǵˣŮ˾ǰҲǣôƨɣˮҶƵģǡ
ҶС룬ĵȰ㲻ùڵģ°̺ۣȷʵʹûвȵİ취
תͷԵɵɵؿãȻʲô
ҶСȻںһƬĵ߹ޣɫ㣬ҸĴʦ˿ڻоιȥһĵԱ档
˵ʲôˣ⻰һҶС죬ãȻһץҶС֣סԼӣһݣһھҧȥ

ҶС·һǿСˣһ߷ֱļУзչԶ߰Ⱥ󾪣Ҳ˲֦棬߱
ʱԶҲһϲĻǱߣǱߣ죡Ǳߣ
ˣ
ҶС찵һҲҲ˲һֱۣܡ
ҶСڵķ֦ƵҲʱһ֦һĽǶȵϡϣοҶСʱȫƾһȥ
ϣۼҶСܵ÷ɿ죬֦ˢˢس棬ȻĹĵģ޲ɱҶСڣɲ֪ģȴʹ֣ס۱Ҫ
ҶС챳ϣֱҲ첻֦ͳ𪽿۵ϣȻһӣȴʹջ֡
ǰУǰ߹ľͻȻէ֣һҶС죬ϲˣ
ҶС죡ͷǰ·
ǣ
ͷߣǲõϹľºۼ׷ϣֲֻ֦ҶС쿪·һѸ

Ҷ˾Ҷˣѽ
Ҷˣչұţ̿ѾǸ
ˣˣǵ簡Ĳ£Ѿƽɣ
ңǲй
ԶԶ֮ҶСһЦֻͷ·
Ӵ
ǰ·һͻȻһһƾʧˣҶСһͷһͼִӲݴ˳
˾δɫ԰׵ضҶСˣǰ£ľïʢһץסˣҪȻ
ҶСѹδָԭ״ȱڣѾǰΣǰȻ£ƣԶɽ죬ʫ⡣һ뵽ǰһͱ£ˤȥǷǣҶСЩëȻ
ߣСĽ£
ҶСȷ˷򣬼С࣬ʼע£һнٶȾ͸ˡ

ҶСţʮȻһҽУҽƳȥԶҶСͣסŲֻصȥˡ
׷ˣ
ȫûʶһ˵޽ɣֱܹʵرԼϲŭһӦҲΡεʱͬʱҲζ˲һĸоȻŮ˵ǲټӲһ飬ɲǸ嶯
ҶСҲûʶ仰ζʲôı仯һѣô׷ô죬ߣǼӿЩٶȡ
Ǽѵǰнһʱ䣬һӵˣǰһȥˡ
ҶС̽ͷһľǰ߹ȻһӦǱʱںˮģкͨ¡ʱ򣬷콵һǳ׳ۣɣɵҶСҲѡ
ҶСߣ
ѵңҾˣ˶࣬δֻһ·Ѱһӭϣ߶߲

ԭ·˻ȥǸղ߹·иѨӺɲˡ
ҶСƣֻõ죬ߣ
ɣͿǰǺ˵ǸڣһӲȥ̽һ£ˣߺɲ
ҶСϲ죬Ƕȥ
ѨӰѲľڲŪöԵøۣҶС£βˣֻܲţҶС쿴ͷմһĨ˿ȥ
ҶСһ֣۾͵˼ɣȴʲôû˵ԹԵҶСժȥ˿
ף
ҶС˿ͻȻ򣬼æϵڣԼӵҪŪݴˣңô࣬֩һ٣ץ֩롣
һãȻҶСҲϾֻͣ죬ץ֩룬Ҫģ
Ӷߴ˵ĻʥּæƨѰ⵽ƻ֩붼䵽˵ϣһͱץֻɽҰ֩дСıĴָ֣źˡ
ҶСָǰ֩벼ڶڣЩ֩ϲ˿һֱǶؿǶڻȻҶС⡣
ҶС˵ԣЦصˣ֩벼ɣ㣬ǾǷ⴦ѨҲǾˡ
ô
˶ޣҶСȻϲϲ̵صȹΣ
ɵط˸۶Ҵô
ҶСֻ֪ӨӨ㣬֪̫Ӳףδ򣬴Ӵ޺ҸҵףֹС
йİ֪ʵڲ٣йõ鱨һҲ֪λҵңϼŮʦ
ҶС룬˵Ҳǣִ˼С㣬ʫʸ踳֯Ůǲ֡Ҳȫǡ
ҶС뵽ڬBã̲סЩ˼С㣬ȴǻıԲüġ
¶ɫжⶸѿʵ˭
ҶСͭϼŮ˾ڬBã

ƲƲС졣
ҶСЦ㲻
ߣƲƲС졣


һȺչұ۶ϵ֦ľһ²ݴԡһ棬߹Դһֵððʧʧص£·Сࡣ
ȣиߣ
ȥ
ѾѨҶСͷһȻսĵ
̵ģôˣûˣ
չұֲŪ£㬵˻ȥڵ˵ģôȥⶴĨڵģһڳߣĶȥԼԭ·˻ˡ
ӵͷĿҲһĻǼǰȥѨҶС찵һŷ֮£Ȼ߬ס½ǡ
ҶСҲ˵ƣֻҵصЦȻˣǾͶڻһʧ
ɿ֣ʵʲôʱȥ
ҶСһǳȥһǻûα˺֩ȴô죿ǾȣҲƷһܣ


20 ֮
Ѩﾲĵģ֩ڶ͵ǵʱһֻͷɳײʱ紵ݶλ֩ͺĵȥ֯
£Ƕ֩֯һҶү󷢸пһֱΪ֩֯ɣǶеĺܣԭ֯鷳ŲŲ𻵵Ĵˣ
һֳŵأӣ˱ᷦۼҶСĻĹ۲ޣҲ룬ԼǰһŲӿļϣ¾ʡˡ
ҶСЩ죬ͷûŤ˭֪һۣϲŭֻʲô۶ӡ
Ǳʶɼ˵ĵطˣʲô˲ġ쵰ȻŤͷװֱ֪ҶСĶ䣬ӿ㡣
ȥʵԼҲЩΣôˣСˣұʪˣֲÿȥҶСļ
ɤӣҶСĻͷԼ߾е֩не֩½е֩뷿нн𻵣Ҫ޲ܳԵѡ֪ˡţζ
½ܵ籩ƻ԰ȫֻܲɶꡢӬ档ϽһһȵĴɨܵƻǰݣֻܳԵССӡ
ҶСͬصǣϾκηĥѵˣȻƽȴҲдɾ͡ڷ֮еˣһջջҲǾ޴֩벢
ſԽڣԶ١֮ΰ֣ǳۣ֮Զɡʷ־߲Ҳ
ҶСŤͷžеߵħӽߣҶС˿̸ܵȴŮԵһ̣оĵǻ۴ӱһЦһϧĸо
ת򶴿ڣ̾ЩĥѣǿԱġҲ֪ʲôùÿ㣬鷳
ҶСɫҳԣҽӦ˵ÿ鷳㣬еĴ˲ŶԣɲǸֻˡ
ôаʣƲƲǡ
ҶСˣˣ춨ɼģı䲻áȴһһг̣ߡѡȫһ֮䣬вɰ;ԹҵϰСɳﲻ𡣡
ҶС뿪Цһ仰ȴһӴϸ룬ҶС˵ƺеһȥգΪһʱ˺ģȥҶСһССʷôةĹٶתģȥô
һΣҶС죬ҶСչ֮ĳޣĪܵ׷ɱô춨ɼôǲ١
һ˼·ȻЩңΪʲô٣Ϊ⡣ҵùĸ޹أΪʲôһͻ£
һʱ֮䣬Ҳ˼ôҶС죬ϸϸ΢ۣ·˯ˣ˭Ҳ֪ĳ˺öö࡭

չ۴ɽѵڣûҶСӰֻûתչұչΧڣôһɱҺҶС첻ǰ׳գȻΪʲôҪôҲµһйء
Ͼû֤ݣĲȴʩǳõ񲻱ȵ꣬زĪеַҶС죬ոռ֮أһƨɵĺҪء
Ĵռʯ͢սݳ͢Ͽɵһλ˾أҲΣչҵˣҶСȻû֤ݣֲǱ׷ɱûô·ѡ
뵽չ԰ЩʱչϵǰչұôȻϢܸо
󲮣﷢ʲô£ôƵƵ
չæһɫӭȥûôûôһɽڱ𴦱ΧˣȻӽչҵĵ̣ɱӣд
չһһ˫üʱд£󲮣½Ұɣҵչ£ҹܽ޻أ
չ۵ȣǸŮңǹŪĳɺͳչҵֲˣõһҳغլȥɣӺúѧѧ֯Ů죬еҵӡ
չɫһ䣬Ӳ󲮣Ҳȥݣ
չ۵۾Ůҵ£ɵԼĶˣǺεݣ㻹Ը⣬Ҫ޸ʵ۲ɣ⺢ӣǱ߻ˣ
չص˵˲ޣɱңֶŮ˵ͷִҳޣʱ²̨ɲֶŮ
㡭
չתߣ߼ͻֹͷ󲮣ҽôˣ
չһصС㣿Ѿ뿪ôһΪңôҪͣ
չ˵뿪ȥҶСˣб룺ӦѾС˰ɣСҪ׼ź̸УܸȻһǡ
ܰⷬ˵չֻ֪ð˼ȥ
չ۵Զˣһƨϣץһһڸˣſձ룺ҺҶСץƾʵݣ޷ʦģɵҲһˡƣΨнץסңܱչ飡

չ˭׷ɱ㣿
ãطеڶֻ֩ܲ
ǺǣչôΪʲôҪɱ㣿
ô֪
ƨ־ʹˣʹҲͰˣ˺Ժһ̺ۣȻҽ޲˴طҲƵĽۼԭܲա
ҪȻ˵ģһ֦ĵޣ
ԽԽҶСоĪչ׷ɱ㰡ôŭؿҸʲôֲӣ
֪ˣ
һٶȼ
ҶС켱æʵ֪ˣΪҪɱ㣿
ҶСΪ㣡
ҶС컹ɻȥûصС㣬Ҫϲɣ
ҺչԵ޳ΪҪɱң㲻Ĵ鷳Ӧ㣿
ҶСûǣ׷ɱ㣬ң
ɱ㣬˭֪֣ʱЩĹĲưոݣչֻϺ꣬óϱĲƴ
ɱңȴ˻ɵΪûκɱҡϲĻһк֣߸㣡
ҶСײʲôѵҾҪɱˣ
һٷļҡչλҹ㶼壬ںʱͻ֪صķҲзҪɱңҪô
˵
ҶС켱˼ԽԽԺǺϺ˵٩òӺ֪Լŷ˵Ƕηţһֱڹעﲻ֪¡
ûɱ㣬ȴԱ˵ɱ㣡и̣ҲʱչҾͿ֮
ҶС찴Ʋ⣬ԶԲаԵ⡣ֲչ۶Ļ׳棬ĻµԶ󿪵չ۾Ǻͼ
ֻҶСչ۶ʧܣ鼱ٶҶСչ۶Եеɰˡ֪ԼųɾȻУǡչ۵ʵͼ
ۼҶС찣Ե⡣һ룬ҶСĪ磬ңΣ
ҶСĿֻصϣκ


21 ܻ

ҶСɫϾͱˣŵļͷҲһࡣǱ飬һдţȻϲ־Ļͷƹ񣬽˺
νһġҶСܿش£»ʲô˵ģһĪĲҶС档
ҶС侲ص뽲
һǹչҵġչҪͽӦ⵵֮û·ҪصӦ£ͻġͶ״
ҶСĿâ˸һ£ɿӹһ˿ŭںǣվҲһˣԼŮ˱˵һˣܲʹޡ
չۻת⣬ֻдҺĴڡǣոոҴһ̣ٸչҽֵĻ˾ҪΪˡ
ҶС
ԣҪһֵɣֵܳɡ
ҶС㣬ȻǸֵܳˡ
ȻչҲǣһ뾡취޴ٶʲôϵֻҪһҧɱң˴⣬°ɱڣٿĪ磡
ҶС૵صô⣡չͷҪΪҪ㹻ĴۣһӢˡ治ѽ
΢΢һЦתӣѾûˣֻʣһռӣʲôȥԸչأ
ҶСָԼıǼʱȻ͸ֵҳˡ
ɾͺˣȿʲôɸ׵
ҶС˺ţ΢̧ιµһ·һɣҶΪ˺֪һŭѪƮ֡
Լɣ۾գһ£˿ûΪ˼ҶСҲǾ£û˿ҶСӣҶĳɫ֮Ҫˡ
ôеڶӡ·ƽεҶӢ۾СŮӣϤ󣬷߶ΪСŮֻ´㿴ô
ҶСЦô壬˾ӣԺҶĳ˴򽻵ʱ򣬻ôСˡףסңô˵˾ͲΪǼɫ壬Ϊȡ˶ô
ԭ˲Ϲӣ
ԷĴãȻ࣬ЦصôеӣȨƣǻǮؽ㷢չ۾ܾĻ¶գ˳µؾʹӦˣô
ҶСͷ룬޵ã˵ĵڶָʲô
ӦչҺѾףչ۱ףӦһۣںŮ˽飬ҪںӡΪͲʾ
ߣڿʯңӦеһ⡣ܼҺչҿ£ǽӶĳĿӦΪηڣӦĶͷ
ҶСƤЦⲻЦصأȨƣǮٴǮңⲻ֪ߵغĺСȥսӦ
ؿϴӦ𣿡
ҶС췴ʵôô
һۣһأȻǺƽȵĺˡóҲıǮҲҪóȫıǮֶԿӦ
ҶС¿ۣ㻹бǮ
صͷУȻУ
ҶС΢΢۾ʲôǮ
һЦǲŸոպȱ㹻ΡҶ˾̽СŮӵĵ׶ǲ̫һЩ
ҶС̯˫ֵû취ҵıǮ㲻Ҳܲ¸šʲôǮȴڰôһ˵Ҹ㵱ɵô
޺޵ص㵱ȻɵȺﻹ
ҵıǮڲȫ¶㡣ҿó㹻ĳ⣬֤бǮġ
ҶС˵
ҪԸչңжգ
ҶСüͷ룬ҡͷʤ㲻󣡡
΢΢¶֮ɫ˻ԭأ
ҶСչҲңûֵʵչǰ˴֮һЩЩǰ̻ģС
оǣܼұҰһưոݣҲܼҺչڶ׽ңǺܻܿҵʵ˵ɱˣɱ𡣡
һЦôټʯ丱˾ͯأ
ҶС͵һ𣬾ؿ
ʯ丮Ĵ˾ܡͯչܾǲϣܼϮʯ䳤˾٣չչۣһֱûҶСǰ¶ͯʯ丱˾ͯҡ
ͯҵˣ
ͯҾȻҵˣ
һٶǰȱ۰һԪˡʞȽɽԪҲͻˡ˭뵽ִֺճˡ
һ㶼öԸֱһѣ֮ķѣϮ֮رѣϮְȨᣬԢˮһռ
벻ѾһٶȥˣҾȻʵʯͯҾȻܵҿơлԸоⲻʵȫм˾֮ܿ£
ҶС𾪵ɫԸеһ˿㡣֪Ϊ˱Щķ˶Ѫ
Щڳ͢ԣѾȫ˾Щ˾Ѫжʶ˼ˣǼѼιͻˣҪǣҪǸһض㸩Ҷԣһεȼ޵
һٶȥˣʯһضԣչҡܼҡңңƣֻݰ˸еһ߸ÿкü˾ЩҵģһŻѪĳɹ
Ѿٵȥˣٹʮ꣬ҵ˾һҲûˣҪϷһΪҵĸȡĻᣬɻܣ
ˣŹϵؾҶС˴£ʾֵصҶˣټͯңΣ
ҶСüټһͯңǹظɣҶĳҲչοͯһֱһӣ֮Ч
΢΢һЦô˵ͬˣ
ҶСҲǻҪú̸̸
ĿתȻȻ
ʱƷѾڼҺԮϵ֮ǰǷֵĵطǴ˿ɫѺڣ޷ȥ
߷ȻչϹ֪ǺöɽҰصģĶȥҴˣֱɱȥչұչϹ˰ɣ
Ʒŭػչֹʱ𣿡
ڼҺ磬ҪˣƷϵܵġ
һôЩɽͷһͲۿɫˣȥû˵Ļ˵ôɽϻ£ڲľ֮УһСľͻȥ
ƷɵɽӪһټѰң˵Ųһ¼ϵԹѾѼֲˡ
ƷɶڼҺүͽˣɽߣѰټóҹȥҴ磡
ʱҲҵڰ;ķɽѰãۼɫŸϹЩһ˵Σʱɵˡ
ڴˣСʧ٣ûʲôΣǵ̫ˡ
һλϪǳ˲ĶС㲡졣ֲԼҴȥʳʣڻϪƼĲȲɾԼҵĳӺǾƼҵƹ񶼳˽ͳаԶСȥ޻ء
˲


22 ժ
ڵĲݶ̤ƽˣЩ֩볹ģĵطǵļ԰ᵽ𴦽ȥˣ͸ǶԡŮɡ
ҶСڡƺϣڶȼţĻӳϣӳģһǷһļӰ
һֻƤСڻϣ֨֨ðͣһСĵתľ˺濾⣬⻹ûȫ͸ζѾݶ
ɢ´ȥˣҹɫзǵ㣬̧ͷȥһգһգģƺֻҪһģܰǳժС
Ѩ·򣬴򿴹ټϲľڣߵĵطע⵽⡣ǱڶѨʮ⣬Զ˲ſɰȻ̸졣
ҶСŪһزݹ˴󶯸ɸ꣬ϧ¶صıǮӦòֻΪ˳ڶɣҾҪʲô
Ŀܻӳ£ͫ·ػ˸ţҪϣ
ҶС΢΢̧ͷһŴǣرҶС첻ѧ󣬲֪һʲôǣֻǾΧǶҪࡣ
ҶСǳ񣬾þò̲סʵô
ҶСĿصϣĵҲǣȻǿȴǿŴǻҪٱ˫ıʯġǳ˸еϣ
ҶС̾˿ʵ۵ּǺѸıġȵ۵ּ⣬ǾͽƣԸıˡнգӵ⡣
ȴһ˿ǿĻȣҪɽӲٳһƬ԰ɽѵףɽסǧ˴ѵףֻһ߻ᣬҶŹ
ҶС췴ʵǻأ
һһٵصӦ
ҶСü΢΢оʱͻϰԵӦ
Ӧػ־ģ
ҶС˵ͷӦµʱҵЧҳ͢ϳ͢ƽѣԴ˴ܲʵҵԸ㲻ȫʵ֣ڴҲܹɣ
ҶС˿ɫصصȻ֮ĽǲͽȥһҪǡ
ݸҾǻˮ㣡ҶˣصķʵҲͭڼҴȡżҶ֮һ㣬ڼЮżңӶΪһ֮ء
ǻ裬ɽ֮ռıկأһֵԷֲַһ˾ʯϽ¡
ǣⶼСû淽򣬶ǰȻأͲϸﻮҪƣƲ˳ˮۣ·ê沨ѡ
ܶǰˮȻأˮա̲ǳͷǲֱͨäϹвȣͣ
ҶСٶüң˵Ĵʲôأ
˴յص˱ҲˣƫƫҲãҲɲãôһ˶Ҫˡ
ҶСһҪҪҵļ㿿
ߵļźôһۣ
ҶСĴȣЦصǽ˫ȸһãΣ
չյҷ齣ƽձϰϲԣˣվ齰ɡ˵İõزҶСϡ
ʵˣ죬ҹ죬һŮһ˫֮ϣ˵Щ绨ѩµĻʵӦĵĻƫƫ˷ţ༰
ϣҲһĸоãܲſŸɣӻ档
ҹɫ棬һ˵£ӦʵͼıҹݴһЩٶžˮůѼ֪ıˡ͢ԴǷһ֪أ
ҶС룬͢ȻӱΪĸ󻼣Ϸ򲢷ʮֹעҲܲһ֪ɣ
ЦЦҲ͢ΪӦִֻΪ˾ֻ߼ҰģҲֻ֪
ϾӦڷδ¶͢ǲΪǿʴôһ֮ģǻἤ°˾ķ;裬ŪþǷ𡣡
ҶСʲôûзġ
͡һδ¶˵Ϊƾأ϶Ҫƾ޾ݾͿɳ˭ұ֤ղΪҪΪҪ㵱͢Ůô
ҶСҲǵ֪ӦзģΪһ˾Ҳϣ̶͢һֶĬ˵Ļ˵͢᲻ֶͬϡ
Ϊ͢ΪֻǱصȥвУҲˡ
ҶС쾯ʵ˻
Ӧ׻ʵ۴ľģܵ͢ννм˰ɣͬʱ͢ҶǭΪѲˡҶĹˣȴȫţ¹ˣ£ı
һСڸְʱܣڰΪʱɽ޿ܣ㽭ѲӺ˾ʹʱ𺣷ȥֱƽ˾ʹڳɶҡת䣬͢ǭΪ
˵һЦֵ֮رݣȻظĴӦĴڹԱʤڹݣǳְ͢ĴѲȥˡ
Ҳһ֪£ʶˣ˵͢ȥĴʲôΡ˵ⶼǳ͢Ӧ˷֮ģҶţ
ҶС조šһȻϵĲһȻǧĴ˶ڽĿλֳϥ塣
ԣֳδϥȴҲ磬ǿǸСԾԾ֮ơû취һ࣬ƫϣ˽֮ңǰɮҲѱ밡
ҶСϽ򦣬ոĬɫգղɫɫǿգռɫ֮а̫Ͼ
֪תʲôͷ̴ţ촽⶯˵ǳ͢ķǭأȴҲȮƺ⡣־һǳ͢Ĵٳɵģ
ϸ۲ͻ֣ᷢһһկһһһһʡ۵طСǿǹ֮£һʵ䲻һֻ֣ܵǿǹܵشܣȡ֮
£ǿǹͲ׶䡢ΪΪȻеģǳ̬༸ʮ꣬Ȼˡ
һһկȻֲ͢ȥƽ⣬͢Դ˾ƣ˾ǶС˾γƣȻγ໥ƺ⡣
ĵһЦӦҪƽ⣬㲻£͢ʹ˾Ǻϣ´һƽô
duang
ҶСȱе飬ŲһƣԭѹסĳһͻȻҸͶҶС޵ݣֻܽͰ͵صǡǵģһҡҲһ𣡡


23 ּݵ
ҶС죬ϵʵǡ޷ݡ
ô޳ܣʱȻ
оԼ̣ǻһˣһִ£类˺ɱˣ˿Ǵ߸¡ַ߾޿κΣܲһҧй߰ɡ
㡭˵еǾôɰɣ
ҶСƤһܺ񣬿ǰλﲻˮǰǰŮӣüʱһָ߹ǣҶСҲ
ģҵȻϣܹϣܹؿǺشҪ֪һǾǳǧ޴
ǿԼ۾Ǵ͸òӲƽڿֻǶҶС۾˵
ҶСɫÿˣѾ˾ΪɽվȽŸǸӦȻΪͷҶԶаһ
һʲôԥأϲϣңҿɲϰʮʱ򣬶ԼĶ˵Ϸһӣõŵµֻпӣ
Ƥá͡һЦ漴
ҶСϽŤȥҪһȳ̫񻰣ɻ߶վ޷ڣɴࡰѵúͿˡ
ʲôˣ
ԶͻȻһȣݴӰζҶС켱æ̧ͷȥƬ֮󣬾ͼӰɱҶС컹ûˣѻϲؽе磬Ȼ࣡
ҶСϲƷɣҾ֪һܹ

˾ˣҶ˾ҵˣ
չǰһŵ˿ĭǡҹأ
ҹҲţҶ˾ˣˡ
չɫһ䣬ͷѲһ£Ҷ˾ûиʲô
ǱŵıҡҡͷҶ˾ʲôû˵Ŷˣﵹ˵һ仰
չɫһϽʵ˵ʲôˣ
˵չˣձר̵ţл
չ˼ϥأһƨɾȥ

ұڣȺ鼤ܡ
ҶСԼ˭ףȻˡ˵չʵҪɱҶС죬Ȼ֣ȻͽĴ⣬չ۴ɱԱڼԭҲ˵˳
߼޻˴ҵķŭʵЩ˽˸飬ֵܺҶСģǴ˿ߵľŭڣĿѣ޲ҶС̾
ҶСһۣսˣֻҪö˵ط˾ţչҶȻǣʯֵǣݼ˾֮ĲģǾͲжˡ
ҶС찴˰˫ֹ֣˵ŭǴ𣬵һҪֻġȴڣ
ˣҾʿ磬ʱкβɣ
ҶС쵭һЦ̣Ȼǡֻһһ˻ôǸոոҽ֣ȥԸչңͲ˾Ա϶ҧ󣬺ο˼ҲϣԣǻҪһƶ硭
ظоЩʲôѿʵָ磬ǺҲ
ҶСȻⶫôȻң

ʮ·һ磬Ѹ͵ؿ쮵ұǰ̹ʮ߹档
ϵǳţΪҪұææԹ³ɢȥͼʮ¾װʿһˣǼֲҪ
ǰվϣȵٿţ
һ׳ѹ˹ʵʲôˣ
һװʿǰ¹ӴҳӣŰգ󱤴ȣ򿪱ţҼҹҪȥ̽ã
ͷ׳һϽԺȥ˾
׳һ̶ȥˣļ٣ȴ޷ɽȥֻӵȴ
бջ̿ã֮»ȥǶϼˣͥĸ޶ңѵӲɣҲɽµϢһС񲻽Դϲ
һͻˣһʱҲǣҹֱұϵʱڸȺϢˣЩ˸СžԶۿվġ

ˣ
ҶСһϺɢ˻ӬһšӦϿսֵܣǣһ̶ֱͷ
ʱſϡ
¿ټһұ۵鶼ûУû强˵ֻһſǶ˫°ͣز֪Щʲô
ιϵ˿Ѿ°ˣұûУϺõĽҩеģΪһʱΧկǹĲӣұıر֮
ΰȻҶС죬ҶС컹ӱ˸ŰˣмĲλβϣһҪкҪˡ
ﱻУûд󰭣ֻߴӰ졣°ͣʵҲ֪ڷʲôֻʲôȻҶСһϽſ
Ӵ
̫ǣ˴ЩʹüͷҶСظϽѾźܸ߹Ƕˣβ̧𣬲ȹҲ
ҶСˣȥӭһӭ㿴ǵǽ̧Ÿһȥ
صֲǼʮûõô鷳Ҷһ˰ɣҾ
ҶС΢΢һĵֳĸ鲢ôţɣҶĳȥӭ磬Ժ򡣡
ҶСת˳ȥʵЩȻǣ˿ڣһεſˣ˼һ󣬺ɫһ䣺⣡֪Ϊҹˣﻹڣ
ҶСߵòӰˣֻ֮ذ룺ٴҲ¶Ҹгɡ

֣ģûд󰭣ֻƤˡɶûд󰭣ֹˣһ֪
ҶСܺشЦţʵЦԴӳ˾ΧתƵ־ĺӣǱĬ֮£ЦҲ࣬ƺ˲˾Ƶġ
Էģ˾ͺãĳǲ½ʱҿҶ˾˷ؼȣСþѱˣݴ£ĳûݲ
̫
ҶСǣص֣Цеض˵ұλС˾ˣȻʵӭ͵λС˾һҪڳġ
лֵ֪СһŮңòֻ࣬Сһġ
ҶС조͡һЦ˳һ㶣ЩõصҶ˾Ǻ⣿
ҶСϽֲֵҪᡣֻƤˣҲҪģģֻʱЩߣû㡣
һҶСסӭȥСãû°ɣ
վǶ䵭ص֮ûҶȣѡ
ҶСϽЦأˡýٺط꣬ػкܶ໰˵ţȥһ񣬽֡
ȭлҶˣ
ҶСܿ˵¶֪Ҫʱ˵֪Ͼ¶׿ϲ϶
˵Ǻ¶ҶСһͬ⣬Ҫ˼ùͨһ¡
ҶСǣصСֶ뿪ͷظԼĲҲ˵ֻܼӿ쵷Сȣһӣ̾˿ͣ½ŲſصС֣˫ַϥ
һؿҶС죬ҶСҺұ̣УһǸˡ£Ǻڰ׷ô򵥵ģڻСЩ˵ҲסҲг໰粻ҪŭңҪҡ
ؼڷϣȴҶСʳָס촽ҶС΢΢һЦ㻹СأʲôȫдϣҲûõģ
ֻ㣬õģһУȻǶô˽ΪұҲẦҵˣ㣬ˣˣ˵ǧУ֮أţ
ҲΪҶСֿҲΪ˻ԵƨǲҶС˵ʲôͷʱˣֿ¶һĵЦݣٴε˵ͷ
ҶС΢΢һЦͷһ£ȥɣұˣɵģû˻ῴ㣬ҲʱʱҪɫ¡
ЦЦתܿˡ
쵰쵰ҪǧУ֮أ
ͷ棬һҴҧгݵ˵


24 
ؿصҶСҵľˣѱһ߱ʬ壬Ȼ󶼻֪ᱻԱҪɱ
ҡ
ʱųģһһεػʱǳϪԨƺȻ˵Ҳֻܰ˼Ľ֮ĵӣȻ˿ôҪڣһʱʻգ˺ݻ
ϾһͿ˼Ҿʵ°μҲǵѣƾʲô𱨣ȻƽҶСҲǵоͿйߵСˣϸ룬Ҳֻýӵ˵
پһȻЩڻ˼ΪΣһƾһϲŭµħͷ磬һҪ˵
Դ֪̬󣬶˿˵ܳϽԹãʵʲô£
ɱҵȻ棬չҵĵϣһ֧Ȼչҵˡ
ֻҪ漰ӵ밲ΣʱǻǷǳѺǵģ˵ҲδأҶС첻ǶϽڲ˷Ҳ
һۣ㲻˵̿ҲпҶСİɣ
ҡҡͷҶС˲ϣһռұ̿ͻ᲻ұвϹ˳ȥģ᲻ǲϣģɱйߵģ
ҡͷܣұҶС֮ܿ£˳޿ܣοҪɱҲɱҶС죬ֲϹӣһŮϳô
ڲܼңͬûɱҡҲܼҾ˵չҵ׼ȷҺҶСȺ뿪ʱ䣿ҺҶС֪ԼҪߵ·ߺʹʱ䣬ǰǶԶչұٶȴǴչұ׷չۣеڶˡ
ĿâһҧչۣҲ
üͷµҶС죬㣬ֻչҲɵóôˣ뿪չұʱȥ·ߣչΪʲôҪɱأ
Ϊ˼޻ұ˴ɱܹ裬֤ʾҶС죬һԷԻ֤ô죿
Ȼ˫΢΢ѾʧȥһУΨʣڴλˣΣ衣
ʱ᲻飬ٰ˿ϸϸãѰȷ֤ݺҶС췢ѣ
ұֶõĹУֻܴάĽǶȻش𣺡ᣡսΪάϣɫϵȻ޴档ȻҲºã֪ҶСҲֻܰˡѡ񣡡
û˵˵Ѿʲôˡ
һϹչۣžһһֻɱ߬÷飬ѪĻ¡
һϽŭʲô磬
ù֮ԱȻôãɼԸӡԴϴʧ˵Լ£һֱ£֪Լָһֲ̬ȴ޷Կء
ӴӴҲ֪ӵĴϻۣԺŵδαеģʮа˾ǰȫòһĲ²⣺
ǲԼĵ۰뿪ҼΪ˸õҸһΪ˼壡ˣ㱻ԹޣҲ֮£һ֪࣬޷ñĶĿ⡣
ɫһϽӹƼ䣬лдɱƬʮʹҲƼƷһ鵤ҩյĲ֪˼ˡ
Ʒһ£Щҩɡ
ŸԼʱ˼ƿҩǵȡŵϣԼҲСĵ£γƬҵЩҩģûչ۵ĴңȻһչε
ûҲܱ
Ȼһ˵һְƵĲϡ
ֱʲô
ҡ
ֻ˵һ֣ͶסˣӸ˸˵עһУֻΪõһЦȻûд󰭣ǾռϷ磬Ҽˣͼһٶֻ꣬ҵף⸴ҫǮóӻһô
ؿڵѪܻӻչҵ˺Ҳԣ뵽һ취
֪Ǽưٳһϲʲôӣ
ӣΪұһ֮𣬻Ϊһǿı
üͷһ壬Ȼʶʲô˵ҶС죿
ͷʱյҶС죬ѾʸΪҵѣ
üͷվ˫ֻ߶ոܹ˵ֱýģƺҲоʹ
صкβף
ȻվסŤͷһ仰ѿڶ㻹ǵҾ㣬ĪҪУû˵ڣֻһ²⡣ʱյûκʸʳ仰ƾʲôǳ縸ǡ
ã̲סʵ룬˴㣬һжΪң
ȻȻشһ䣬仰ڲ򣬲üһޣŭȻΪΪʲô
æЦûʲôֻǵġġҶСڿڣʵȣֻҪκһλ˾һͳԦȺۣǸϻɽܺǺʲô
΢΢һЦΪʲôûλ˾վϻɽȥ
΢΢һЩϺһ򵥣ǼȻд㣬Ǿлɳá˵ҶС죬ҶССѿͭʸʯ丮ţĻǲˡ
Цһ·Ӧս
ܣûĻͯҵĴ񲻸ӼѣͯҵؿɾͰŲݣ
Ĭͯڻҿ֮УԴӷӦзģѾҸ˵ϣӦϣṵ֮֮̂
ҪӦ췴ʱ͢ĴãбҪһ֧ؼʱõͯ벥ڣȻͳΪصơ
ǣͯвܼѹвѹӦ̫ţͬΪĴһμƣȴײ԰ΣͯҵĴһӼѡ
ԱҲ㣬̸ؼʱƶ֮һǮޣҲǰ¶ֻǿάܹ֡ҶС֣ôʯͿˡ
뵽˼Ҳô룬һ뵽ӺܿܶҶС˼ֻԼ¶֪ľһǧɫҲ÷ڡ
ɫѿֳôģͷɱҶСɣ뵽Īı죬뵽йԼ汩еδȻһĪĿ־С
ʱҶСȻЦؽû찡ۿɫҲˣǲ߳ԱΣ
ҶС죬·𿴵һ߱ʬ壬Ȼ;ҪˣЦôɶô


25 Ǳɼ
﹫ӣ롣Ǻǣִ֮׼Ĳ׵Ȳʢλ°
ҶСһǫѷţһҾãǫһҶСѱ۹뻨˻̧һһ
ҵĻȻǼµģȻҲҪ˭УҳУ⻨ǲôݻǲմߵġ
ֻһϯ棬ϯȻĿȴˣһҲûУ˾λϵ˶δ¶棬ֽ̺ˮѾ˶ûһ
ұõóԼо޵ų̫Щȷʵδδ¶ɫ̹Ȼ˽ȥ
뻨תҶС죬֪ҶСнֳ͡벽˻ۼΣҲ΢΢¶ɫ
ҶСЦⳡ磬Щ˽ܻҪҽνҶĳţĻλ嶡
ȻЩ񲻽Ҳգãá
ҶСΪˣȻȰơٱһһҶС¾һĳ軨׻л¾֮
ҶСæҲһһʱҼԹ۵ĵοܹٳ֮֮ϲлͼˣ롣
˶һһҶСڶƣĳҪлҶ˾ʢĳȸΪˡ
ҶСͬͬæҲһڸˡ
Ҷ˾ԸҺĳǳϲΨԸҽ󾫳ϺһʤһңԤףҶܵóԸ룡
ҶСĵСӾֹ˹òŮƵģôôܺȣֻӲͷƤƱһ
һӣǵǻҪ̸ôȥֻʲô鶼û̸ˣȳԵ㶫ɡ
˵ţ߼һӣǱ߼һӣȻͷֻνͷԣһ˶˵续ɡ
ҶСһЦⱭƺ㲻ĿǾٿ
ţʳᾫڲϸϰߣټʳҼ⿴ʦұϯʳĻգԿÿϼڣСèһķٷԵǿ಻ԡ
ҶС㷹棺˲òడþǳˣһ˹òӵĴˣȴǾˣһСӯӯһգʳȴֱ׷
֪ҶСѳ˴θһСǶԸԵ࣬ΪҶСôﲻϣĪ
֪ùóʹƽԹһ߲ûеĹʦ޵Լ£ڹƽ֮ĹʦʱҲмϹƽ߲ãеѷһ
ûнɱǹƥ߽յĻ͸󣬴жϵĿҲԽǧƽ֮Ĺʦддָ
ǡǡԵһλʦҼ̳²õĹƽ̵ĹȤҶСǹƽߣһҲǸùƸ֣ҶС첻ùƵĿܲ
ùƵȻԶ˽⣬Ƿרȴ˵λҶ߲óöֳ˿̸Ц̣洺磬ĶɱģҲǿġһڲ¶
ԣÿ˶ʱʱسһڣ֪ȱֳɱˣҲץţҲֻԴȷҶСȫ
ҲźȣҲųԣβˣӲҲ࣬θҲܣҲϧһģҶСȴȫ죬۾Ż档
ЮһڲˣЦеҶС죺Ҷ˴ôأ
ҶСռأѾܵ˽ѵҵҲЪһɽгһֱ̣һȥĸֳͽΪҵģҴͭʣ븸ֹס
Щչɱˣ棬ڻҪ衣ҶСΪ˾ԼҲվЩһغҶҺҵ޽ͬˣ˺ĵһ¾Ҫͭȥ֣֮
ֵǣӰðΣʤԼҶС仰һҶСϣָһӣı
ҶС仰Цݿ䣬ͷҶСһھƣ֪ʲôأ
üһЦҾǰǾս顢ڣ˾ǷҵвչΪۣǾʹˣ
ĳվͻعΪֹ˾˼ΪֹģҪ֣չۣǽ塣
һͨŮӣǵ֧ĴС㣬ʱͿԴңһģɥİ־Ȼβӻعҳǿί˼ҳֹ
ΪʲôأչһʩѹǸʹķʲô˼
ôﻹʲôԣǲǵȫ£İˣǵ㾳أһ˾ƣҲ޲ô
û־ĻشҶС͸һȥһӣı˭ҶС⻰ȻҲüЦ˴׵Ҷĳ֮
ҺǱ˵֮ףҶСҪͭʣҪͨжˣ֮ԶұսֻΪұռأѡضˣҲˣҲ͵ǹ⣬ɽˣûҰẉ̂˷Ƿġ
ҪȥȨ߿࣬ȴòʲôʵԵľٶǹʾȥˡκʱҶұСˣΪֻʣˡ
ұʹȨ䣬ܹں֮У̵ľľơпľľҵǾƵģսҴĻʯ
ҴǱ״̬سʾ֮òȡѲˡ˲𵽲ѡһ˵Ч׳־δ꣬ȱַ
ͬʱδСҶСľٶڳﱸеݨDD壡ʱܹǧҲ𲻵á
ûˣ֧ĴСܵɱûֻڸ˾˼ҡЩ˾ô죿ҳַչô
ʩѹʹչ⵱ȻչҵҪչջﳰЦͬʱҲջͬģЩֹĴ˾Ҷһ֮ġ
ʱ޿̣ϧУؽӶոճɽչұоԹѡ˵ġկҳַչң˭˵ǣ
ҶСأ³ΪǮ䵱˵Ĵ֡гֵɣٴչңһгֵɣɱ衣
ֻҪʱһϣϿγƵԣ¶Щ¶ȴô󲿷˲ٲֲ׵룬νԣˡ


26 ܼӶ
ҶС̸̸ԶǷǳĺģⲻıϣƵƵȰƣɫ֮֮⡣
ǺǺЦǰ׵ˣԵСԲƺȵ̫࣬ҵЩȻһˡ
òˣ¶ֶηǳǰû¶¶ԹĲ˸ʱ͵ٳԼڣôɵһȻͺȸˣԳˡ
ɿһۣĿ΢΢¶֮⣬ӶҶСάγδޣΪֻΪҶСصĺάҲġ
˾ٶδؾʹҶС⡣ңҶС⣬¾Ͳ˺ķʽάڸ֮ǰͻ档
һƶϣɣ׽ŪһӣֱЩˣ̣ŶҶС¶͵̬ȣӵĽġ
ҶСЦҾӻعˣҶ˺ʱҲ߶߶һ˾ˣ֮ǰǸ٣٣ҪضãȥߣЩǽύһкô
ҶС΢Цһȥģлǰʱ󸮰ݷã
һЦʤӭһ

ԽЦʣСֻˣȴŨҵĺܡ

չ۽ƵصȴţȻҶС˳ұǵһֻѥӡʵܾС
һֱصšڶֻѥӡأϢҲã˱ַҲã֪ӦԣҶСǱȴ޶
չҲҵҲȵþ˯ȣʵǰסˡ˼һ׼һݺ񣬾Щ֮Ĵܼұȥοʣ˳̽һ̽ҶС̬ȣԱܼʱӦԡ
Ĵܼҳ˱Ÿ򱻴ҪӦս׼ˡԷôȻԷ֪Ҳ˼ɻ̬һû˾ȺƣֵұҲٶʧȥϢˡ
ĻǾܼάֱϵĺ벥һɣ׵޽ͬˣҲͲҶСˣʱҼȱвʣ˼ɵҵĴڣҲڶ
չ۴ãϧ̽ûгɹȥĴ´һݺ񣬱¡ؽӽұȻһ߰СӴ
СأҽһλŮ˾ЦɡչĺȻһش˴µʻ˵Ҷ˾ұҶ˾ҵĿˣڴ˳סĵͭȥˡ
´˰ΣʣôҴСأ
ҽ㣿عȥˡֲұˣȻڴ˾
չҴ¿ֻֻصչұ龭չһ˵չãȻΣֻһ̾ݡװ״һݺ⡰ڶֻѥӡվûأҶһңǲأ

ģ겻Уϰ䣬Уһʸй֮ѧҽɡ׫һ֮䡣һЦǷҶСϣȴһӡ
ҶѧĲɣѧ䲻ɣҲɣʵҲʲôʺһ͡
ڬBҶСиԼҹ°ҶС齨һСи䣬ֻҪվסţڹݵ׬ҵ
СڼҰշţ·仹̷谭һ·̵ƣ˵ͭסţ׬һʵġ
ǣҶСѲά£ҶСѸٽʶһѡЩ˵ҶСţ˾Ҷٵİ֣ӰģҶСǰˣҲˣʱΪ֪
˵ҶСҪУЩĦȭƵҪæӦǵ˶ܸҶСҶС߲ܣôĹϵȫ嵽˸ոճСС
Щ˸Լ·йϵϹϣϹһ첻¶棬ȴȥȫнûþͰ˶иˡ
һң¶ͶˡⱾЦӭ˷ͣǵ˼˻ƵģѿҲͰˣΪңӡ
÷ƽĻ˼Ҵƽȥˣ˼⣬ҪһǮƵ²ʤö٣Ȼ⳥˭Ǽ䣿
֮⣬й͵ʣҶС̨Ӳ˼ҲҸǲչСеܿ԰ɣ
СиտҵʱﲻûþſȸˡҶСǸӪˣǹƣȴ˵ɣⲻãȫΪĳų⣬ս֮
û⣬̸ϿԴҲʡЩǮƫϲӣûţɳﻹǱ㹻֣һҲʱнˮ
鵽һĺϻ˲ˣ˼óеǿƣָܴ׬һʣɲǳµġ
Ҫʣɣ
ҶүǸ˶Ҫʾͳʣ㡣֮ǰˣӦðոռĹɷݷ̯ʧҶүΪĺؽϡ
ûǮͿֱӰ㵱ͶʱȫǷǰʧԳеǮģ¸Ϣɣ
һȺûĶүʲôˣǻŲǳһƱ㻯ûЩӹµ֮ĳ⣬үÿԴչȭţղԴսʱۺǣ
ǣ־֪ҩɾȵġСиû⣬ȴһҲ٣ÿһ죬;⼸ʮӣȥûˡ
ǰϻŰϢֱǮЩƽĴָ佱塢壬ӵĻûйǮҲŴá
ҶүڸоԾˣ˷ˡСеĲҲһͿҪǮʱҶүǴһֱ֧ӣ־ݶ˷ǶһʱʵĿгееҲǲǲԼ֧ùģȥǧƫִĿҲһë
ҶүھլӣȿŻǷǷáЩǰϻˣǷŰգ
Ҷү˳֪˵Ŀ࣬¶ôˡǣЩӿɹƭӿ˻ҳãװܻС֮ÿɹ̫ﲻɻȫõĻÿ˶һǲɢһɢ
άѶԾƣԿοʱȻ֣ƲͯתҶСͬѧ˿ɥҸоǳãǷһƨծ
Ҳűãǧɢ𻹸
Ҷү˴ξ֮ʧܣȫΪϻ˲ͬͬ£˰ܻ£ֻҪҵһʵĻᣬϾܶɽɵй
Ϊɫ֮ýҶС߸衢֮󣬷;żһСӣɫΪˣ⣬üȥһҶүͱСӵ˼š
˳һ˿ңڿϷƸ꣬СӵɷͻȻűⵣ˼ңǶ¸ţˡҶү˾ţ㡰Ϸ硱
ǣڱⵣвִһǷνӶ˲ҧֻʱ˲áҶүţ˻ʱֱƷò׺
Ҷ湥ӵأʤػصͭʳǣȴ֪Ǳڼ۽ɥʦʧأһͿ


27 Ļ
ԣ;Һඣ
ڬBҶС˵λ̸н˵ľһ˫۾ʱһ뵵һҪܿҶСĿ⣬ƫֱ׽סһС
ҶС̲סЦˣɰıͷһ£⸱ʲô
ڬBõͷĵصǴһҪչ߷ɵģ˼֪ͭƬСݲ㣬ȻûˣҲֻҶԣձ󣬶İȻҲ˼Ҵö࡭
ڬBԽ˵ԽԹ°ͱҶСָһ̧ͷӯޣСģ˼ҶС̲ס̾뿴ͷС궷ʤܣ
ڬBȵŴ۾ʲô
ҶСһ۵ϣҶͭʡⷽزˣڼô죿ϸĴƷڼҴƷô
龫Ҳ֪˼ģҺҺһ߳ȥͭʾҵĺԺҿɲԺҪиŲųɣô㣬һŵù˭
ڬBδɣЦ绨῿ȥӵסҶС죬һǵϣ㲻˼ң˼Ҿͷ˼һͭصȵģջҪݼҵء
ҶСֵһۣûصѣ
ҶСתתȻҲδؾǶӣһǸɰСء
ڬBҧгݵصǾһŮ˾̫̫ˣҿɲϣŮظҵ·һҪӣԿȥ
ҶСЦôֻô˵ץסڬBõС֣һ
ڬBòţЦǴ𣿷һֻСȸ
ҶСӴƲҲ֪˭δνġ
ڬBúĶǲҪˣ
ҶСԴӵ֪УǽĺܣĸݣƫֱòĻ̲סΰϺݺݵһѣٲס֣Ҫˡ
ڬBһ죬òջ֣һصɾϰܸ˼ңʵ˼Һܿء
ҶС׽ס裬̫ۣศģȻϵ໥ãֵ֮һ£Ƿ֮ɡ
ڬBСèƵؿڲ˲䣬ȴǴáԤǣһղҾһƴ㣬һӦˣƬɽҷֻһҶأ㻹δѣҲҪ
˵ڬBúȻ֮⡣ҶСĵطԽԽ࣬ܰҶСæȴԽԽ٣ʱҪƤŪյشҶСֺô
ΪʱԼԼΪֱҪ֮ǷԼɫˣ˼Ƕȡôô潼˺죿
Ȼ֪ԼģҲԼİҶС졣ֻĺӣһһõڶ߽ˣҶСģҲ޻˵
ȻҶСɳǰҲ˾ӣҶСҪøأҪͬǿĲ˾Կܹṩİȴ̫٣վһ𲢼ս
һŮ˰һҪڼҵĵ̣ʵذδһ춯صĴ֮Уǲڼܳܵġ
ȻоԼСֱսˣڬB̧ͷҶС츧Ử㷢ЦҪŮҲҪһϣͷһ̥ܸɰŮ
ҶС̾˿Ů򰡣Ǹ٣ǸģνҪСĺǻţۿǵıŮһ㳤ˣ޲ð͸
ˡԼļͥͳŵǵ㶫Ŷһ㡢ռһЩֵ㣬˸ĸ壬һġ
ڬBòصŲأŮһ̵ùɿɰ
ڬB˵Ȼס˿ڣŻعζ˵ǵŮ˵ҶСûйڼҵάͱڱذο
ڬBÿҶС죬ȻȪӿûκûκαװ޵úѿҲʵ
رסҶСӣˮѸʪؽ󣺡챣ӣӰɣˣӹҼϵĵӣһһУ㡢̺㣬ԶԶ

ڼҴ´վİߣҶСһһʮض˵һ飬İüëһһġ
ڼҴ˵̾˿Цһĸͬôôأһģһ滳˾ǲѪԵֵܡ
İź̾һҷϣ׿ǸܣһܼӶֵܿؽϣӣͬ
ڼҴ¿Ц㿴ô죿
İüٰɣΣҶ˾иòæٴ󣬶Ҷ˾
ڼҴεصǣ۸ֵ͡־裬µĲϣµᣬڴӣҲңڣƫƫҪһҶ˾ֱ棬ֳ֮ҲȰġ
İҡҡͷ˼ֵܰĻģһҶ˾ȥΪ鷳æ»֮ĺ
ڼҴ̯̯˫ֵô죿ҶСѾǷһƨծûٸҵĻҪõӡ
İͷػֵҪƽǵӬͷСǷˣҸͷϡٸҵ㡭šҵ㲻ҪʲôطǮײʹɡ
¿ЦһֻôӦȥˡ
ʱλϻǷҶСҶСסҶӹ̫࣬ĸֳѯ״ʵڲʤţԾڳиסһԺӣһ徻͵ȳԾҲࡣ
סЩϻȻģǰҲԹƣҶС׳ء
ҶүأôſҲǰ취Ƕǽˣ֪òǮܵ¶¶棬Ǵ֪һʲôʱܻǮϢҲҪˣֻǮͺá
ծһλϵѵǰ˵ҶǸСֻܴͯүڼңûˣҪҾȥɽҶҰɡ
ɽҶҶСĸۡЩôȥǹƵǰҶǲȥģҶүô˵ʲô˼ݵˣôĨǵǷ˰ɣ
Ǻǣ˵ҴǷλǮ
ſںȻһЦ̼ŤͷһͼһĿüЦֶȴǲŭվˣ䶼ʵķһڣ⣬ò׺ݡ
ȻҶСĳһ޶̼һ֪磬λҶҴүȻǴ˵еţ˾Ҷˡ
ּ̼æվ𣬻̻Ȼز֪ǰҶСͻЦһɫ߽ҡڵһ¶һ˿ļµЦ˵˵ɣҴǷʲôǮǮҶĳ


28 㷽ҵǳ
ҶСⷬһ˻İеǷ˲ء
СͯҶС˱裬ҶСյһڣֵ̼ô˵ǷģҶСǸˣôǵء
ҶС²豭ָߵ棬ɨˣо仰ҵ˵ͷȻǺϻ⣬׬˴ҷ֣Ҳôҿֿ񣬴һӣͰǵǴǷͲ˰ɣ
һ̼ĨĨͷ亹Ƿƨɵǣǲʣ
ҶСһЦСеĿһ㣬ҪҲ飬Ҳû顣ŸλҲңôŰɣԼҪɵʱ򣬰յʱĿǵķݶֵ٣
ҶСȡһŴֽһģλԼ㣬Ŀдϣǣ
̼ûһģôһǮǵȻԸʹ˰֣ҶСţɽĳ٣ͭʸܣϾ˾ײһԱûǮĴǷòʧǵÿ
Ҳм΢΢ǷƨɣЩԾԾԣܰбվٳͷҲİˣ˭ҲԸͷ
ҶС΢΢۾صǣʵʸóǵдϾǣٰǵ֡סַҲдס
˹Ƶλ̳ǰʱ˵ĵصе᳤̻ӣ׳ʵˣҪд֡סַô
ҶСشǷü΢΢һٽոոʯҴһ̣ʤҪţһͷӣһҾ͵øȥǧӣʱòôǮǣǵϸȱͷԣˣø
̼һ亹ֱȶתƬ̣һͻȻҶСҾʵͶӲ࣬͸׬⣬ҲˡǷջء
ϹϾذǷŵϣƨƵ֮ززˡһ˴ͷϵڶַ̼׷վȿֺذǷϡ
ҶСɫһʲô˼ӣҵҶĳ˵ɱֵǮˣǽղˣճȥػҶĳǵòʧ
ôأԸģȻǺϻ⣬͸иͬͬˣҪ˵һ仵ƾ˴ã
ԶԶԣ
ֽ̼Ƿֶ䷢ĵҶС챣֤ǾҶС̾˿ˣⷬ⣬һ˵֪
̼һɴ⣬æлֹ׷׶ŶΪͬʱֵ̼ļصײſϣײݶгϵĻҳ׷׵䡣
Ƕ߹ˣ׵ҶСȻվЦ
žžž
άִ߽Ĵָ޵С͵ܣ񰡣Ǹ˲𣡡
ҶСһЦάֵˣҪ˵֪ܣոջͭʡ
ҶСɫһ䣬ʧֵܻˣ
άô֪
ҶСǿЦֵϴ磬СЩӡ
άˬصֵܣ˵ʲô費ģҪ٣
ҶС֧֧ص
άû⣡Ӹʲô
ҶСڨڨذһٸɷ׽ţҪƽϢµ¶˵һ顣
άʧЦ绨С檶ˣһɹЩҿ޶ϷեαظӣٰһأҰڻ㣬ȥǶã
ҶСҡͷɣɣЩ̼мҵһˡΪһӣðŴķաһҲͬҲһУһֽƦﲻá
άΣĵ˵ûдң֪ʲô˿ԶʲôҪ֮
ҶСɫϴ磬ôˣ
ά΢΢һЦûôôºð죡

øһصչ˺ҵơøֳϣƽੲݵشչұ˺εգչεģ·ȫȻ֪ҳ󲻿仰Ĵڡ
һϲˮŮǼᣬʲôʫᡢᣬһȺݺݺյһǰҹǷҷˣһֺײ͵ľٶ
һҲƵƵμЩʧʱؽԼΣգ֮вʡʱЩŮȻϰοʵǰϲġ
ߣߣĴ˲ôǼʹǰˣǰʲôӣ
øйȥбӿ˵ƽظ߰ЩżμЩǧǵļᣬҲĲˣǲô˵ͬһ׼
ܵ˶ԴͬģЩŮһͬķԱԾˣֻ̬ȣƽʱֻǿǵӹİˣʱãŵ̬Ǵͬ֡
ĲݵġѸٴӡ֤һ£ֻʣһռˣһ˾꣬ΨһľȻֻ֡ϵ֡
ͬģǿȴߣ˲һ֡Ӣĩ·ıУǰںľ棬ܾҲһݱǮǲںˣͳһǿġƣ
֪ˣӵĵҲ֪ˣܿ죬һμϣӵĵ岮Ǿү£밲ģô裬ȴûа취ѩܣǰǲӦЩʲô
үӳ˼Σ˿öŮЦʣôΪǰҸЩʲôأҳַչң
ӵĵŴȻǲصģֻҪϷ仰չҸչҲΥ
үӰ˰֣Ƕû˼
Ůû˼ʲô˼Ҫô˼涼ǶžͷƱɫĴڰүǰǶӡӡӣʶʡ
үһЦС֮£ǾͲҪˡ
СӡûչǰүӵǰүӵǡС֮ĶԹ
ڴ˷ǱʱӦҲȻϵ˹Ȼˮ塢ˮĹ嶼أûµĶҪߣΪǸȨۼڣѶϢֽĽ̸Уڴ˽С
˴εһҪԭιѲҶܾҪˡʱּ͢ҶǭѲɶһʱ鲻ֱʱŴεϢ
ҶǸĹ٣ƫƫһֱɵ佫¶ܡ޵ƽսɶɵ֮
ӦһĿڶҲԸôһλһݾȰжԣŵ̬ԸϵӭλѲˡ
ӦǰˣȨ֪һʱƼʻᡢ߻ӣҵҲͳЩҶܸζмĵȨǲ෹̸ʡ
ӦһϾ˵չҵ£ӦЦչۣǸð֣Ĺ¶˵ˣ


29 ˫
ڼҴΪҶСҲǲģҪǮ׬ò¶ôõĻȥڴ˼ȥ뵽һ⣬ҶСŵԣשֿ߳¡
ԣש߳ͭש߳ÿսҪвŹ¡ԣǿŶ꣬һϽḶ́ҶСǶ㲻ҲӰʲô
¶ֲܶҶСֱ˵ҶСڼ͵̬Ǿܡ֮ʳġǣڴ·ԸԣƹŰݷãҪŵ̬Ҫʡ
ԣڼҵĲҵǱϺڼȴȫ޹ϵҶСҲ֪ԣǺڼҵĹϵ¼غ󣬼ԣƹ̬ȷǳϿңнˮȷҲ¿ư͵شӦˡ
ǺǣԣǱʲô鷳ɣ
ûԣͭʵֺţһƬ̹;
Ūң˫ӲϹ
ҶС󣺡ʲô˰̰ٵǣʲôǿаˣ԰ɣģȥԣ£ãаرܣţ
ԣƹЦааرܣΪǽˣ
ҶСԣڳеķֵ꣬һƵطʵСש߳ôԺúܣǰ棬żķᣬ˷ҡƹҡֹҵȷռԺ䡣
ҶСǲ£ҲһԺ䣬šҲڿ죬´ӲͷҶүȶ쳣ҶСǿ⣬طˡ
ԴˣҶСԣש߳˲Ź£ÿҹάмˣ͵ש߳Ѱ˯һȻؼңҲɽæʡ롣
Ÿ¼Ҳ£ÿֻǵש߳˯һҲã˴ల¡˭ҶСƤûãС˱ص޿ˡ
ҶСһʲ֪ԭƤӺ㶶磬ÿճԾּ񣬵˷һƤһҹʱ˼ҶͷһһٹԴϡ
ҶСС˵ζһֱԵŮҪТʱһТǿˣʱȣӦҪΪңסש߳Ĺ
СֻиߴӦˡҶСһߴӵģ鶯ϳ½ΪȤԺΪΣһƥֵһ֧ϵ
ּ֮ʣֶһ߲Ϩ𣬵ʱլһʱܣڿն𡭡
ڼҾľ۽ˣ˹۽ɺ󣬱ȴ»Ҫ׳ۼ֣ͭʵһҶСӦڬBͬȥ񣬲;ǰһطŨ̹Ƴ졣
ҶСվȻδ˴𣿡
ڬBǷλԼҲҵڣһæȥ
˲ϵԣש߳ǰҶСǰͭʵˮҲＸΣɻȻԭԣǣյģô˴𣬿߯Ҳϡ
˵ţͼһһŮϳһӻӳǱͷżһйĴ⵹ǿóۡ
ڬBü˺ߣ̲סһڡҶС̿ص»ôȻ˲ͣľͶⳡĪǾ꼫֮ʣ˻򡭡
˵ҶСͻȻֹΪǳűǡɻعͷҶСͻȻͿһԼ

磬㲻˺ϻ￪ôôȥԣש߳˹£һ㶼֪
鷿ڣҶС췳յҶСȻãԳֵ¹̫٣̫æҪĵ¶ʵ̫࣬Ҵ඼ǹغĴ£ôྫٹʴ¶
ҶС߿ܣµˣҺЩСȥ㣿˵СҶȥæ
ҶСôˣ
ҶСұмϻһ鿪еģЩ˶˼⣬Ҹ޴ʩչҪ·ǵķ̫󣻻Ƕ࣬Ҳ˿ۡнǸ̫󷽡
Ŷѵң룬ڳҪ¶жѡɼˣǳеһʼǺܺģ˭֪мۺ죬⣬Ǯۺ񣬹ѹ⡣
Щأɵ¶ֹЩǻڼǳб÷ƽĻǸǷȥƽ˼⣬ô죿ֻø߼⳥ǻڼ͵˻Դ˰ܻǵŪҵǰ
ҶСԽ˵Խߣ˵һô죿ֻͣЪҵˣˣ˲䣬ܸĨڣǵĹǮһֶûǷϻ˵ǮҲǡ
ҶСüͷҪ⣿
ҶСһ죬ڨڨصԡҲȥԣש߳ı˸°ԣÿջܴǰܺҪɼˣҪֿܲʣϻôѲߣֹ͵ȻЩܻ׬
ҶСô£ôһֱҽ
ҶСжæµֲǲ֪ص˵ǶǾ£ЩС¶ȥ㣿˵ôбµֵܣô
˼ҳ˿һҪԼ˵£ͷǴʱеģԣǲ£ҲѧϰǴֶΣһ죬һᶫɽ𣡡
˵ĺãҶСһ䣬ʵļ鷳û֤ݣȥֹ
ҶСЦЩ¶֪ˣҪ˵֤ݣĶȥЩ˶Ҹ߼۴ڹˣֻԭĳУǾô¶ô
Ҫʣ˼ֻ˵ʱһʱ̰˿˻ֻ˵һʱԲŴ˻㻹ܰôɱ˲ɣһǵһǰɡ
ҶС𵱳ںʱ߳лϳеȼҳйĶǵĲҾɵ˵ͷڹݣ׬Ǯ⣬Ҳѹ˼ݲöһǿ֡ʵԸˣȥţ룬˾ʱ⣬ɩա
˵ҶСȻ뵽˵ʱһͬܳ𳡵ǸСˣ̲ס𣬵磬ڻʱǸ˭

ҶС֧ηǱһСˣɷǷɷ裬߯ҲܼùʶǰЩӣɷƤ磬˳ҹһʵڿҡҲϲҡ
ҶСüͷ壬¶ɩ֪ô
ҶСȻңô֪ܣǲ֪ɩڿɲȴǰˡֻҪһؼң߶ûб£Ҳ£ֵ͡Ҷ䶼Ҫˡ
˵̸⣬ܲôܲȥ֮ôΪⱼ࣬ƫ˵߻ѧˡһؼҾͷʹλС֪ʶȤϲǧõﻹɩ֪
ҶСԼҲмλ֪壬ɿЦ˵ͷҡҡͷǴļ£Ȼֻ͡ԣǱһѻˣβźá
ҶСȻصҵ£ԼԣשУ಻աջٵֻһԺģҹ׬Ǯһ껹ϣҾͻʮ꣬һǮġ
ҶСҡͷˣҸԣƹʶôֽڣ¶ͽɣô죿
ҶС̾˿άһֱϻԭ˿Ƕ󣬿ɱǮҲԭ׬һǮ١ȥﵱƣܹǮٸѧ⡣
ҶСչյиֶţȷʵšɣıǮҸͺһ⡣ҽڻҪȥһ˹
˵ҶСЦһֵȷʵ̫æЩҲûʱ㣬Ը£ȥֻҪģҲûô
ҶСмѣܣ㡭ôң治֪ô˵źá
ҶСЦԼֵܣôʲôһȥԣǣ¶ˣ
ҶСӦУϲ뿪ˡҶСŴıӰҡҡͷе㱳˫˫ӣô˫Ӱɣ˳˵ʵۣ֮һգﳣ˻ĪҶҵ˶ȥˣԴ׳־ѳꣿ


30 򶫷
ҶСصͭûж̫˻ֻǴҴСۣ͵׼һˡ
ʵԴΪţ˾٣ΪϮ˾ĸѶţɽͭʸƹһְѾԶȡͭʣֻСۣڴڼ䣬һֱڳﱸ֮С
ҶҪšҪֹȥݣҪҴɹˣҪɽĴƣһеһУҪӴ˴ι֮пʼҶСܲء
ȥΪһ½˾ҪͬЩнӴҪͨνһûҪ벥һ֧֣ʲôȥԿӦƾһԶԶ
Щ¾ҪȶԸȨˮˮǽܵĵ飬ܶ鲢ô򵥣˵ˮμ벥ӦⲢμҾһ
һѣֻ²㡢ࡣҪμҽпμҶͬҪпμˣ֪һʾ֭ĲģǴҼЦ̸䣬ҷɻϵ
ҶС˵֮ǰ׼һʮ꺮ѧӣϾҪȥμǣԾһǰ̡ڴ˾ҵҵʱŶԻƷɺëǵĳŵ
磬ǣ
鷿ſڴëǵҶС۾ڬBðѼˮˮҵϷһߡЩ֮ĹϵΧˮɽҡչҡڼҡ֮ĹϵҪӡ
ЩҵĴУʷϺ̺ǱκһҪ۸ӣҶСҪ¿ͷ綷ţκŬùЩ׼˵ڹؼʱ̾á
һʮ꺮μӿƿǰ̣һʧܣ֮󻹿ԾҶСսһʧܣȫҵҲȫԸ
ëƷɰɣ
ҶСЩƣ룬һ裬ˣ۾ͨͨġ
Ʒɹеصһû˯ɣȣֵܣҲﲻϴʲôæ
ҶСڰ֣Цһص¶ǣҲﲻʲôЩȨǰҿڣǸģԼ
ҶСŻƷɺëǵǰҾ˵Ҫǰѻ°ˣҲˣһֱϵڻû졣Ҵ⼸ͳﱸһ£ǰ½ˣǿô
Ʒɺë˰ΣƷɲŵôȻˣ
ҶСЦ㻹ᣬëȴСˣҪ˵æҲвٲޣǵõȵʲôʱ򣿡
ëǵ磬Ҳ㣬ʵҸƷɶˣȴ׵ʱһᣡ
ҶСüһһ
ëǵǣҲ˾ĽغļҲΪѴ磬ϽӭȢӨӨŶֵһ£Ǻã
ӨӨҶСӨӨ΢Цȥҵȥһ⣬ʽļס
ëֵǲͽˣϽףϽףһᡣ
ҶСһ۵һᡭƷǱߵû⣬ʱҶСӶѴ󸹱ˣǻð𣿡
Ʒɾ󸹱㣿ë㡭㡭
ëǵ󣺡ٺ٣ҶСѾëŪ˶ӣôţĽɣ
Ʒɴ˰Σŵ
ҶСЦ԰һǸȰѻ°˰ɡ
ëǴһӣҪǵӣҲûʲô٣ʱ򣬰ŰӸϱã׼ķͷ
ҶСͻƷӿЦëӶҪˣôĲŵ

õЧʻǺܸߵģɫ䣬ǾͰӪʮ㡣˵ʱȨƼÿȨһ⣬λδξʮҶҶѲͬǹȨϵĻչҵ£ȴʼձ㹻ȶȡ
仰˵¶ʼϲͷһֱͷһֱڻĻȴʼձ㹻ȶȣڱ
þͲҪʲôˣֻҪϢֱͣʱ죬áʲôʱʱֻǷһɶѣɶ磬ҶС졣
ˣȴҪʱȥ߶߶Լ㹻ĹעȣʱӨӨչչˣڲָڹӨӨ԰ߣβһۣ
ǰӨӨҪһ棬ƫƫǳĺӣڡҲ֪ǲ˱仯ӨӨ
һʣ֪ӨӨѾĸ׸ȥˣʧ۹ƣլĪȺ࣬ƫƫһ˵˵֪ĻҲûУȻأСͭʸҶС졣
쵰ʲôʱӦòŹȺӢ͵ĺûɣᣬһᣬʱʲôʸ
С㣬ǰοԼ

ҶС˷ҪȥͷһΪ˾¹ڶഫǧ˾ǰ࣬رӡһ׼ǶԱľѡ
״ңұǹˣϤΣһҪġ˵ȨǴصصҶСಲһʦү棬ǰүǵݡ
ѭţˣҶСһ˾Լ񡢾áҪܲˡƷǿ϶ҪߵģûƷɸѡһҳ϶ȱҸʿӡ
ڬBÿڿضڼڼҵڼҾǣڼҾܸӹҶңܲɳܵشգǰİҶС졣
İڼҵ˾ǰūʵģ˾԰ˣͬҲ԰Լˡһ͸ˣô˾Ǳ˵ʲôλԭ޹ء
ֻ˾ǻ񣬶͹Ůһͷ⻹ͷһ
ڬBöͷͦӣİҶСʱܽŵҶС죺˼ֻǰʱ͸ģ֮нҪϰ˻ң
״ٴУȵİһ״ҶһԡļơҶСµһʦүڬBðʦү͸ҶС죬ⲻ
״ǿҵְҵΣУصİڬBģʧЦȣҰҶˣǸҶڵģˡ
ڣҶС״ͬʱ۾ôڣѵһ죬ܰ˻˵
İҶС¶ɫ΢΢һЦƣָţʯһۡ
ҶСزذĿⶨϣͼİָٿһգǼӲĺʯ·𶹸ģӲץһİһţʯͷ㻯һŰ׷ۣ׷
ҶСضʱſڽࡣ
ڬB΢΢һЦ˵ںͭʵһ֣ʵڴͷֻͭ⹦ϵĵһ֣˵ڼҹȴһͷ£ж߲ˡ
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ҶС쾪ԶͻȻ뵽һͷİʵ˾߼У
İһ˾˻֪٣ôҶ˾ͻȻת뵽ҶСԼ˾ϵɻȻԼ˾վҲǸŮˣˣ
İ΢΢һЦݴϷȫֵĻʮڿռϷ磬ʮڿƽ֣ʮڣذɣ
Ӷɳˣ˾ôһεεĴ˶ô
ҶС쿴˿İϻûĸɾʯۣٿʹթڬBãȻ뵽˽֮ʣԼָʹСŮūǲʱʱذϥϴƨƨ龰
ҵţÿûɱҵ˼ҪʱԴôһƣһ𣿾ֻժҡҶСͻȻÿ쬵ġ


31 ɽ
ҶС·ϣ𵱳ڬBöһҵ龰е¡
ʱڱСŮūǿռӣʱ˿ɻȫĶϵڬB˽Ѷ壬ĻᱻȾͷֻҪһơ
˴ҶС̲סŤͷش󷢸пѹֹԣѲк󸣰һ˸ʱȴûһӣûдԵأ
زҶСΪͻȻĸ룬ͬ˵ǣ뵱ѧҹ«أֲֻ̻̣ɥ֮Ȯסʱ򣬵ŵǻɢϱۣ
£ʤصѧδӴ˹Ȼ˴ģһʦ̤;׷ңٹǵ״ʦʱԱġ
ҶС죺
ݵ·ɽˮԳʯˮϵҪ۴⣬󲿷ֵֻʺϳУҪ˳Ҳǲԣһ·ҪеĶ࣬ٶҲ첻
ҶС˷ȥһɳҶСŸͷǰȥ·һˣһͷë¿ϣһǰ߻һСͯǣ¿ա
ҶСĽһָصҵƣڱĲиңڡˣݵλԲңȻңˡ
İЦȻȻǴңǴڣ˵·ɴͬ
ҶС룬ʧЦ׵˵ǣ֮ͬЩҲӦõġֻǡȻ̬֮Ľ
ʱ¿ϵ˸одԾ̧ͷҶСĿһʱһ㶣ŷǻ˳˵һ䣺š֮ңҾͲĽˣ
¿ӡȻλ֣ͭʸֶܿⱨٲȻǼ̻֮ѡ֣ҶСҪѧ
ҶС죬Ҳ¶Ȼ֮ɫϽ¿ҶС쳤һҾԭҶ٣֪ҶٴҪȥ
ҶСסӭǰҶĳҪһУҪȥ
ɲҵһ֣˾ͽá¡ѾѲְˣѲǰȥεġ
ҶСѾƹ٣ƽҲ֪Ű칫Ȼ֪ѾҶСѲŵȨɲܱȵģǸˣϲϲ
ǿЦЦǰѲǨ˵ţҶѲԶɶûôӿɴѲų˲ȱ±һ£ȥﲹȱͼаˡ¼ȷѲĸַѲŵˣõģϲ֮У
ҶСЦҶѲһ˹϶ҪԼİף㲻ѲŵˣҶѲƾֵĲŻµʱô
ҶС˵ţжǨһȻˡٵﱻ֪ͬǸ˵Ӹ˯ˣɴ֪ͬȨԶ٣κβҲ취ͶҮӣҪҶҵĴȡ
ڼҺҶҾݵĶӣֳܿսѡ֪ͬڬBõĵҶСǲΪٶԴ绪ֵģٺʹ֪ͬѽ˳ͭʴȥˣ߻Σ
ҶСЩǸΣ԰οҿһŴڣעҪ԰˷֮ƣ˫Ƚݣ֮صˣ߶߶Ҳã˵ʹ֮ϣǾ͸Ҫйϲˡ
ЦǵûҾһŴ죬ܲܳ԰˷֪ϲǷǵǲ٣żҲܴ
ҶСɫֺγԣֺγԣȻСţ٣ܲ˹֮£ҪСܰæĵط־ܿڣ
졭һæл˼Ȼͬ·ȥģʹͬ飬ҶС¿·̫˰ƥڳһƥݣһͬȥ

㣬ݸĿٵϣһ֧Ķ֣֧Ȼ࣬ȴ䡣дӣսۣĵǹнԵɷ׳ۡ
һƥŵĴͱڳĻʹδӣװȻܼ򵥣ʶȴܿóűضǳܹɽĴ죬Ϊϸڴ˼Ȼòƽƽ֮ȴһȻơ
ս۵ʿаˣǶڸͷϣ룬嵶Ҷܣִӧǹѩз溮ʮֵ׳·ֻҪһҲʲô࣬ԶԷػرˡ
֧ǰݸεѲҶܵѲʱֻʱʹԭʱίһλԱͳһʡʡá¡˾ȨԱ£Ȩеղ
Ѳͽɳιˡ̨˰ӵ߹أ£̷˾ʹ˾̰ʹ˾ָʹ˾˵طϵľһҪԱ
һѲյȨɱᣬ൱Ͻڵʵۣ޵ļȨԱ޲ϢȨ֮أ˾ߣٶ繷ĹݣҲǲСģڶȨԵλ뼯Ĵݡ
͵ͱڳϣҡéޡ鷿лңٲȻһƶӡ鷿֮ڣҶһۣ鰸֮ͱڳ䲻ˣǴӴ˿̳еĵܿó˳ˣ·ôиоĲ
ҶԼѮ£뷢ԺڣʣʱȻҲһλӡڹٳþӴλ¡ĥ³ʣη
鰸棬֮ϣ˫ַϥģȴҶСʶ˾绨үڻǾɽˣԭƷãԴƷˣ񸴳Ҫס
͢ӵҪп죬Ͼġͬͨļ˭Ҷ϶һָϸ죬߷˵ʿȷϻȬʽˡ
ֻһѡ٣ΪһܲһӶ㲻ӡ٣һʱҲûпλȱֻܵˡ˱л߷ץ˿ȱ֮ٺĺ򲹹Ǿ
ǳǽסιѲҶɶþڵĳУ˵ĺεĸ߼ԱǶϯҶѲĽӷ硣
ϯϣλԻ͵Ĺٳǰ˵ҶѲĻŲ࣬׿ھټ˻硣ҶܴսӼ˻磬һԣҶܶ⣬һõԭƷ֪ظĻţʲôԸģǻʽ˸̨˵Ļ͡
ѲְȨĻ൱ڵʡίǼʡʡίǼʡ˾ʡʡԺԺְλȻѾΪιְȴûӦĹס
粼ʹֻ֪š֪ţһ׵ĴŰӣѲһûУֻһ٣ǾѲµİԱͳʮ𡢸˾ְԿڹΡáµĸţְȨȴûй
ϲİţְȨѾˣԸȨְοѲ¿Ѳ˵Ļ飬ͷٸﰲţ͢ҲϿĻʱġ
ʱҶܽŹݹٳ۸ӵĹϵںؼ꣬Ȼ£Ǹ֪»֪ģ˵ҲһȵڶȵȨ˵ˣ˵ȵĹ١
Ѿţ˾ٵҶС죬ȻҲĽ֮СҶѲ˵գ΢΢üͷصϷСƺеš
ҶСΪе㲻֪ݲźˣ״һ䣺̨ˣҶС죬һΨ²ҵĽʺ
ҶѲǺǵЦţԴףҲһΨ²ҵĽʺãðϷҪģһô
Ҷһ˫ĿУ΢΢˸ǵЦ⡣


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ˮһԲľܳɵСľţڵغǶȻӡ͵ϪˮСʹҶСվͷϡ·𿴵һװŮ
ľűߣЬӣһ˫ĽѾˮ͵ϪˮԲסߣ̯һѩ׵ϻżմˮӡ
ǰӳһС·ԼԼֳһľµũᣬҶСڹѡסˡ
ҡȣƷͷ㣺˴ţڳУȴԴĸо羰ֻڼªЩݣԴҪָڴ˰סأ
ҶСӻѹ΢΢һЦû𡣴˴ӨӨ̼ʱסĵطӨӨСϳģֻ׽ͺãȴΪ˵ˡ
ҶСһũסΧ᲻࣬ЩҪסѾ߰ЩӴǴɽ磬־סǳӦ
ҶС찲󣬱˵һַûƷȥļڱصĴլϢƷȥĿ죬Ҳ죬ҶС磬ӨӨĸױ͢뷷ΪھˣлȥˣӨӨĸͬУں
ҶСһʧûʲôĽͨߺͨѶߣͷŶҪɽˮԹʱһʲôҪȥǧ֮⵱¡ƾӣ
ҶСͭʺͺȻûôңԶϢҲûʵӨӨн˸ӹŶģֻʱѱץɽűϵջˡ
ʱƷɷҶСǰϴլѯӨӨϴݵҲһϵ֪ҶС츴ˣʤǰȴû֪شݵˡ
ӨӨ
ҶСһ̾ϸ׵׼׼ˣֻաӨӨ˲ڣĸҲڣʲôס
ĸ˵Ӽ㣬һг¡أǻ͵Ů죬ǭ봨һ·ȥߵ·Ҳ˿ֻ»δء
ҪǻҲһ֮ȰӦԹɡ뵽ҶС㰴˼ȫ˹ľϡ
״ԸԸµش̽ϢȥˣڹЩҲʶһЩţȻŵĺûʲôҪǵĶ̬ȴҲѡ
ҶСϵϢܿʹĶҴһٶǰûˣηִ۵ƣȻһЩӴҲֻ¡
һҾͱҸеҪǿ鱨԰ⷽ治ؽн裬鱨ϵͳķۣ޳ңƵ˾尲Ҷ޷֮ȡ
ټҶСԸҪעĵȻϾ֪ˡ
ڵһ¡ȪɽԶҶС쵽˹崵ͱ˵޻ԡԡԡ
ĵС㡰˰Σŵ¿ԡ
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ĻʱҶˣҪһˮɵĸоС
˵ŴӰùһӣ˿һݣҲ˾еһԱˣֻǻž롣͸
Ŀһֻϵ֣֪ǰҷһȨƼݣȻ֮λʵҲĻۣĺûᵱȻ
ԣҴӱڱԺٿʢᣬ˾˾ļ̳ˣͳһ׼ǡҪᣡ˵ľۻᡣ
Ҵӽǰҵļ汲վԼһֽġο汲ĹϵҲȥܰĳɳύȴԺһƴʮꡣ
ԣҶԴӵź֧֣ṩ˰үϲһׯ԰غ٣Դ찲ӵȦӡ
Ҳ֮УڰõתҶС죬ȻϣҶСҲܲμӡ˫ֽӹﻹʲô˵ô
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ҶСߵ棬ʱ˵˾Ŵ£١塢顢ʫơ㡢裬Щٺ鹫ǣǸӹŰˣǶʲô
״ʵҪȥ𣿡
ҶСȥȻҪȥ֮ⲻھƣż֮᲻ţں֮ҲΪȨǰ¶¶
Ȼɣѧȥ׼
ҶСͲȥˣʲôżһӵܵľƻˣҴȥҪϣҽύĻᣬýʶ˫˵Ŀġ
վסŲʵǴ˴˭ȥ
ҶСЦںأǰǴܣҾ֪˵ķ羿ˡȥδŵһٴһµȴδػˣҴƷȥͺˡ
״һкˣǰĵĹȻ٣±࣬İһԼİ֮׵ıͲˡ״ɫ˴Բӣ
ҶСüͷһŶԽң
״ֻԤϣϾᣬ֪оûвѧ֮ʿͤżˡͤ򡷣żˡ򡷣˷żһҪʫƴѧ󣬴˲лǧŰ
ҶС⻰кܲ뵱ҲǸԶ󱧸ˣǵøկΪִ֣ͣ˫ԹλկˮȱͼҲһǧôֻרעʵˣ̫пˣ
ҶС֪͸ģϵȥú׼ɣƼʫʸ踳ʱұˣһõ͵ӽҲһ׮£
иԹǹΪ׽ʵģûȨҲͰˣôأһң

һżǰָͨľżĵص㡣żָĵȻؾٰ졣ȴ֪ɽǰϵׯ԰԰
԰žͺܴͤ㡢һԵư磬֪һ־ͻãѹ˼Ұһֱλӹ˾֮ף˼ңһׯ԰ô֣˽Ļ־ɽǰԼҺ԰ˡ
ʵʵȴǣʱ򣬵ʱδȡհΪϵİװܣΪһ֧岿ةУ򹦽Ϊ޵
װܴһλһӳһڸݵˮҲĵطｨһׯ԰
ׯ԰Ҫȡ֣ȡʲôֺأװܽʾ֭Ҳ벻뵽лһɽɽ֮ɽصĺպ˵ģǡ԰ͺճˡ
ǧʱ䣬ʷ֮УǰڲһֱΪһЦ̸
дߣ¸ǵνӢ䣬Ǳ뵱ȻģӢۺһѪ⣬гҲж̴
ҲǴӳ㲻ʲôǺų֮ӵĻʵۣҲ޶˵ذĲƥУηֻı죬ʵ̹Ȼԣһҵ㡣
һ˵ȷˡ


33 
ҶСȻЩ˾˼ӵܸʲôżΪȻװϻǾĿһԴΪ˾ķɫԼ̸ֹᾡԵôһЩ
ΪƬ£˭ȭͷӲ̫ʱˣȾ˿㡣ʵ˲˻ܴһҶСжУΪ˿ٴִ˲ƣְϷ
Ȼ˹һ䡣ʵĻʵΪĶʵΪأ㵽ԭҲһǵһĲΣ淨ͻ߶ࡣ
ٸ̫ǡȴܺϺʵʵӣåһĳåʱǾֹ̬ıһʿʿ
ַΧ£Ҫڹģ̫צͲˡȦҶС컹̸ҫʵûѹһеĵز
ˣҶСѡһƶԲۣƶףߣ䳤֣ŵŴģΪ˰ʿӰø仹һװԵĳ
İظһϮҷڻƷɣһ¶̴ͬ˴ӷϾܿҶСӷ
ҶС˳˳ʱϵ԰ɽˮд֣ԭط԰ҲڳУռذĶҶСһ˿쵽ׯ԰ʱѼ
ʱѽƻ裬ЩѾŵʹӲ棬ˮַǷ
ۿǰȥɽխѲʺ˷׷³УҶС״Ҳ˳˰ѳϵɽͣЪİءƷɲɽ
԰ͽڰɽӰɽȫ԰ķΧ֮µĲδȦ԰ӣʵƽͷƽҲǲᵽ͵ģ˲ľʮʢ
һ·ȥҶС첻ҲҪˣЩֺʹӾ£߻м飬ЩԵ͵һЩֻСͷǰƵƣֻУӺݡ
ʱ˿̣ӷɫųϣԷֱ˭˭͡˭ܹܰģ;ˡųȫ
ۿɽׯſڣ·ǵϱ߾㶼ƣյô·һɹǰȻӲ·ƳһҶС첻ؿ˼ۡ
ҶС֮ע⣬Ϊһ˴źǲ࣬Ƚ˵ȽԭΪˡһ߹ڲеĻŸ߳ľ죬ȫһƷ緶ŪҶСЦãܾЩ˴磬еڵģ
Ҫ׷Щ˼һǴӺʱһֱڣвϹĴ˼ң˼ҪϮţҲԭʱּСƳһ˾ͲͬˣǴʱеĺ
һ˼䣬ͷǰѾһյһλŮӣ췢٣ϵһüաľ˫ѣҷӳȹ
κһۿһǰһĸоһ񽳣ͻȻһʯĥһ͸
ӨӨһӨӨһֳۣâɣһƿһֺԾڳƽߣһѪڡ
һ£ǰ㾪ޣһһʫ⣬ԲϵؿÿһƷζ׽һµζǳӨӨ߱ġ
ܹ߱ŮӣҪôǺ쳾о˺ִܶ࣬ưζҪô˼ϸί񣬲ӨӨôԲʫһζһķ顣
ζҶСϼһڬBãԭǵģԽԽзֵζһֿģҶС쿴һֳɾ͸С
һرķŨѾڬBҲҪѷһǰλֵŮͬҪѷһ
ڻǴ֮أһδµĴӾѾֵ߱ߵζһΪ˸ָǺεȷ飿ʵڴ
ǰŮӿУ̬˶͸ԽԽˣͬ˶ʿ˴磬ȫҶСһ˸ˣ˭Ů̫Ŀš
߽ˣϵġɴǳ࣬ҶСҲܿøˡŮӦжʮ꣬͵ŮüˣķٿȻҲ˴硣
Ҳע⵽ҶСһ˵עĿ񣬲û⣬˶̫Ŀ⣬Ѽ߲֡
ˣҲ֮ᰡһոոϵǰһ߹ڲŸΡκŷ˿Ůӣæȭʩ
ҶСע⵽Ůӵĳƺˡ
ˣӡ֤֮ǰĲ²⣬ŮѾˡΣֵطҶԳƺǺܽģƺ֤Ȩ˼޾죬һͨʿ˵ӣǲᱻΪ˵ġ
һΪ˵ع˼ҵŮͬһм̳мȨʸԹ˼ҵŮӳ޺󣬱ͬĸƣعԷա
ҵŮˣ
ҶСе뵽ҡܸ֮ᣬģֻ²Ǳ˼ˡ뵽ѰĿǰֵ˶ͬңҲͲΪˡ
ҶС̲סһۣžٲſȥһṫӴżʹӰȻԽſȥ
ҶСüȴҲûмƽϣֻԱһãһֻһã˲ӣù͵ùǿʿӳϲװԳˡ
ҶСƽʱУżҲǿڷƷ͵ڽǽ͵һߣ䣬һһתǳһȹһݣ֮ɵزλ˵η
Ӵ
̬ǧغ˴кȻоȹӱ˲Ūһ£δӦʾͲ˫֮䣬߽һæǰһ߷ߵŤͷ
˻û뵽ᱡڰҸǰ붼ݡеλˣ˵ҲЩ˭¡
ŤͷһǸղɫеעĿǸˣ˵ʱüһҶСʱҲ֪˼ңôˣȴ֪ΪҲת
ҶСϽʩˣʵڱǸ·Ϊ˱λҶСŤͷһۣģߵô죿ſֻվŰҵӭǸţĹӸѾˡ
ҶСЦһλţһ£δϰǽԡ
λһ˫Ŀӯӯһתصʶң
ҶСϽʶλƺʱˡ
˻ȻһЦĶ䣺ԭˣʶԼҲͽˡ
¾ҪеΣ˵طԸǰҵĵطҸӣҪѪˣ۶ֽţŪװȥٹ԰ٳ棬ղ
ݶ֮Ļ˵Ȼʿģ˴ӦһһޱȣȻ书
˷Ը仰ǸǳǳһͷõſȥȹǣԳȵߡȹȻ͹Գŵߣһˡ


34 ͥǰ
ӶˣʿӴ磬һĶţǰһƣ̲ͬˣԨsţͬһ˷ǹȵ
ҶСĹҲáӨӨҲգһӵڴݣʱǺγǵԣëǵһʻ׵¹
ڬBû͸˵ˣ˶һ֮ûĸ˳̶ȣѲǵǱ塣
ҶСüʾϼѵŮУˣұ֮ʧҲ֣صصǸˣضֶΰɣ
ûĻţֱſȥӭ΢Цӭ΢΢Ƿⷢһз·ûп
žǰҵĵ̣˭ҪǶ£γ֣ǶǷ˰ҵӣһҪֹǻûţȴԳ棬λһǿƵˡ
ο
ӭ۾΢΢ҶСɨһۣȫûӡеݵĴвҲЩ죬ȨȦҲʲôصʲô
İǰվվѾվҶС࣬˵ѾزһȻóòʵʿһ׿书
ʱ˫ûн֣ǽӶԷӵβͱֳʣһжλͭʵһڼҸҲ˵ԼһӮ
˶ˣһʿ΢΢һЦҶСؿĳһƣ赭д벻İȴĿâһһץסҶСֱۣҶС;һΣѾ뿪ԭߣվİ档
İһֻȥʿһƣ˶ƮƮĳһƣཻȴһװı죬䲿ֶʱըһƬ鲯׷ڿգ·
İΪгҶС죬²Էȣһһ죬İļͷ΢΢һΣһ󲽣ٴҶС첢
һʿһЦһתȻһιȰسҶСһָ࣬צͷץȥ
Ʒɲİ˹ǳӦȴ죬ʿתȵʱ򣬻ƷѻȻε
̽֡յ鵶ٵۡһʿѸȵٶȴ̼£Ʒһﵽƽĳٶȣʦͨشﵽ˵һľ硣
ۣ
ڿӹƹҫһ߲Ÿո˵۾ĵоѿʿֱϡһһʯͷҲϣһҲܶ룬ǿֱȴаܸֻۡһ졣
ԵֻҪΪƷһֻ磬һ£˵ˣֱ۱΢΢һƮȻ¡һô
һ£¶˵ֱۼֱڣƤӿݵƺܹˣѾһһɫĺƤ
Ʒɴ󺧣֣֪ԷʲôƳɵıۻŵסԼҲδػʹóһû뵽ԷûñۻѪ֮סĸֵ
İסۣǽɽˣ
ʿ΢΢¶ɫû뵽һУȻûռϷ磬ڱ˽ƹȴûʲôˡʵ۴ẉ̂ɽͺ䵱ɽʥأԾѧ£ʶƾûʲôϡˡ
İ˿ߣµһ
ҶСεȴİߣ˵ԼҪһ˵ˣܻͬȫǣĶߣİܲܳŵɽ֮زز
οֻİһֻּл¸Ų˼غϣƷҲУҪߣҪԻƷɺİΪۡ
شʱһԣ··ˡʵ⵹书ԭʲôã˰ְţñ˷𲻵κãܵһ߲ϲߡ
İĻƷ֪֣΢΢ЩеĸֵһᣬҲվҶСǰҶС͵غһ߬סı
ǿǽжûֻƬԿǣôĽǹֻ±˼ʲôаŵһ͵÷ɵɽȥ
ҶСסǹƽ̲رǿڽʵԲС⵶ȻȴҲܹ࣬רڼô˵Ȼ̣ܱǿͽǽ˳֡
İ󼱣˿ߣǵ˵ʿѾЦһİﻹϾ˵ָţȻӭȥ
λ˶ƺģʼûлͷһۣߵſڣ˰ӭϣӭûзֻ΢΢һЦǷ
ǳǳһЦ¶˵ľжŮŵͷǰȥһվҪȥǰŸ̧Ȼλӭ¶֮ɫ
һҪͷһԲСѾϡһֻı۰㹿סӡ
ˣ֣ͣһƬɱɣֻҪԼӦ˾ͻԥض֣һĺܡ
˴ʱѾһߣû뵽ġˡȻ򰲸ţЮǵŮˡ
ǳϣǱİͻƷȫס޷ȻؿŮ˱ץסˡ
ſ״һȴӭ˫΢΢һţֹסˡ˻ûҵţСӸҶˣֻЩ·ûҪ氲ҽ
ôĵӣЮң
йӺЦʲôĽŮ̼а취ҶСգֻǴԼվҲŶԷ֪ݺ󻹸Ҷֺ֣Цֺ
֪ҵˣ
ҶС쵶һᣬ˽ļϡžž˼£ǵޱȣƣֻҪвһѪ࣬ҶС쾹ں
ʿŵˣ˵ȴŵðˣףǵģȨ£Ǿ𣬴ʱ˿Ҳһƥ
Ȩ˼ﱹңֻǺȥˣ˼Һһģɱɱһס
ҶСʱкγǿЦĿģһڸȨǰ¶¶ҪɹչʾԼ˹֪һ棬ø˾ҰΪֻ䡣
һǺȻѾܽˣǲܸ˵ģ뻹Ҹɺڹڳ׽ӶĽĿġ
ɺãϧ֮ĵЮһǧĴ˶λεĵӺġƻĵһĿġЮʮ֮˾žҵˣڶĿҲ޷ʵˡĪŪˣ
ѾΧ£ۼһĻ˭ںܽׯ԰磬龰ͲοǷڰǰһҪġ
ſң
ҶСЮֵȻףɺ򾲡
ҶСˬشɣⳡһʽҿ˭ҲҺˣ
ЦɱҾͷŹļˣ
ҶСڽЦˣˣ㱻߻ˣ
üĵһҶԣ
ҶС¿԰شһ䣺ͶԱԣ
ҶС˾ֺһһڿлһߣʿľУۡһ̽˵Ĵȡ
ΧȺжʱһǡ죬ֻһΪȶ°Ѿʣ죡Ȼĸ֣ǿˣ


35 
ѪԲ䵶¼ܵĲ֮ϣҶСЦݽʧʮࡣһɨյСĶ
ҪôҪôʹӦҵˣɣ˵ţҶСϵĵһ
ûһߣ˺ݸӸ߹󣬴δܹܴ衣һˣôء£ˣåҲûô
˽ҧ´ͦؿ˼£ѹסŭ飺ãҴӦ㣬ⳡᣬʹ˰ݣºҲѰ鷳
Ǻǣ㿴ӲǺܺһźҶСո׵ˣһͷѪĶǣƬ̹Цһźٴ͸Ƶġ
ʹŲ˵Է˵ݣһŵһȸмֵҶС췽ЮΪʣΨıڶ֣ȫעδ˵֡
Ȼô룬ΪҶСѾ֪ݣȴ򶨣ǰ壺һУҰѻʵһ˲ʲôŲ
صһۣȴûٶ֣ʿյǰۼѪЩ޴صˣ⡭
Ҫˣɷ˵ĴҶ׺ȴǲüԴѪʹ̹ǵʹ˿ᣬôȻ԰ȥѪһһεڵϡ
죡ȥˣõĽҩӭһ䣬ҶѾǰׯ԰ȥ
ҶСˣСκˮƽޣˣʵڲһ˲²䣺ʲôû˴ŮŮ˾͵еŮŮ˷Ҫˣı˻ˣƫֲ˿ƽ𣿡
ҶС˶ĵҶС죬ţ˾һγ٣һΪԭǣֻǷǣݡԱ𡢵λ
ҶСһ˵һ򰲼Ҵȥ
ȻûߣȻҽš
µҶСҲǸ벻ߵӣ챻˱Ƶݶˡ˹ʿǰ粻ˣǾ͸ɴչåɫɡ
ΣҪһӡ󣬾͵ɫ̫ӹˣı߶ϣҲȻˣӡˡ
ҶСߵſڣӭ֮ǰѾԱˣȴ΢ЦӭأλˣСͷһؼأ
ҶСԱһ֣ŻƻƵվ״֪ʱѾȰֳߣϰݵ
ӭҶСӹϸ˿΢ЦԱһáڰǰѪȵһĻλӭȴûзһ
ǰҵˣûбҪ¾һؤҲûΪ˱˾ȥοǰλүǽΨһһλ뷳ΪϮ˾һԱĻ³¹
ÿһ˾ӵء;ӣ͢ŻΪи뷷Ϊ˾ǧеĵѾϷֹˣЩڣðһ˾Ȼ졣
ңִ˾ҲϮģȻʵ϶Ϯġ⻰еƣ˵˾ǣЩǿġոսͱ̬鸽˾ּ͢ȷעϮġ
ڶǸ˶ӱϳ͢͢һ׵ְλֻּע˾ûϮۡһٶС˾󲿷ֵּ϶ûϮۣȻֻҪϱһõ׼
ֻʵү׼һλ˾ĳӼְ̳λʱ򣬶Դô˵ģ׼ˣֻϮطʱͰˡ
͢ôΪ˸ԼأһлᣬͿáطȡߡϮΪɣЩûϮ涨˾ʵи
Ϊʲô˾֮䲻ܶöôңһֻҪ͢ȻʾȤУ˾ٴУ˿ǸݺѪ̣ŸŲó֪͢ԭڴˡ
ҶС˾ּȷעϮ˾ڵĵ̲Ҳ󣬵Ϯֱڳ͢Ŀеĵλ󲿷˾ǲͬ
⣬ܻܿΪţɽ˾һϵ׳һҪء˾ǶԳ͢Ĵ䱸ΪȻǵһشвͬʱҪȻϼȡ֣һ̬Ȧӡ
ԣӭ˭֪ʲôķչԹҶС߽ׯ԰ĿǴûô룬ǿҶСѾһˡ
ڰӭУֻҪҶСһ̻ûͻгɳĻᣬԴ˾Ͳ˿
԰ӦǺģҹȫòƣˮʵƸ߹ңʿ߮˿˲ֻС˵ɽլɾԻøо
ʱׯ԰Ѿв֪˷ŷ飬ҶСһ߽ǾףǴ˵ӦƷΪ߽ˣƵĶ
ҶС컷ķɽ֮ϡ̺ɳԡ֮£ǻ඼ЩЦһţҾͰչֻ¾Ҫ˲ʶˡ
ظЦ˵ĵɫȷʵͶءӦˣ˵ͱͱˣһǵô˵ͱ˭Ҳˡ
ҶС˴һӦˣ˭أ
ضʱҲǶؿҶС죬ոաͱһλˣǡӦţ
ػҶС췢ˣףλүŸûȺеľҶСӦˣôͷ¶棬μӽ֮᣿
صѧͲȻˡѧסʶһЩ֪һЩż¡ǶŮ£ʵڲ
Ǻǣй¶̫࣬ԵƶΪ㲷һ°ɡ
һСˮϣһɷǡƮݵĵʿڼȨӵܵĴӵ»΢֮ɫȴ䵭Ȼڸ˲ǰ׬ȡԽһ¶Ȥ
һ̧ͷȻվҶС죬ǵʿһæһתҪߡ
ˣϵԭ㣬
ҶСۼ⣬һۿǳˣкһ
˰һҲæŤͷһϲӭѽȻҶˣѽѽû뵽ȻҶˣþòþò
ҶСףͬ߹ļλȨӵܼ״һʱ
λ˾˵éɽ꣬˼ɽһλɣм׺쳾ĸȨһĲֵ
ռȨλƷ˹λɺ󣬶ϹϾִ˭ҶԳ˺ȥĺò
ǣһȻ⣬κǰٴɫĳˣȻͷЦʩ⡭˾ʲôˣ


36 Ʒ
һҶСʱִٲҶСˣ̲סЦͭЩ¶ﶼţû뵽ñ˭졣û㵽˹ȻͭʻĻãĪǴ˵ɵǮ࣬úŪ
˸Цéɽʱұû˭֪û뵽Ҳ渻ԭĴ˼ңǵݼҲøʰ·硣ƶƶֻǽٸƶٸƶ
ҶСͭʸɵһ£ǰλȨҵӵһԶˣ֮Щҵ׳ٳûиϣԴ¼¡
ԼɽٸƶĹԴȡҶС졣ҶС췭˸۶ٱ˵ĸô
˸ɿҲȫǡƶǹʩԵôȵ𡣼ƶֵĺ£ƶһЩģһЩġ
ҶСЦ㲻£ҶЩ󸻴ʵļһҲûʲôøУֻҪ㲻ҵԽҲòĿ
˴ϲҾȻ⸱ģڱδʧĵõ󣬲һʱҲ˲ˣ˵ǣͷɽͰɣŪе⡣
лҶС죬Сصǡƶ͸ˣ
ȥɣȵȣҶСȻֻסʵӦλˣ˽ˣ
ƷͬɷӦһԵ˵Ӧһ֮ƷҲŮкܣܱһƣƺЩ˼顣
ʵ޹رŸɣ˺дĸߵ֪ʶӱһäƵߵοʱĴ˶ЩֵֹĴڡ
ƷǰøողŰڳΪŮӣ˵Ȼ֪һҶСյƷ˵ʱ¶ɫ
˵ƶȻ˽ġŮ˰ҶˣԵɫͷһѵڵ㡭
ҶСһۣ㻹Ǹˣ뵽ĶȥˡЩӣҪ֪֪˲źӦ˽˵֪
ΣֻõǡСǼ˵
߹ȥǼһƵصƶżһλˣҪ̸һǾͲصˡԵ´ƶȽ
һȨӵСʵɳ˭ҿɳ
ǳ˳飬һ̾Զص˽ʲôݣҪˡҪǼǰǰȹƶһ
ȨӵһȻ˵ƶֵ꣬ɱΣǰݣշ׷ƶڵأۿҪ̤ࡣǧһ֮ʣƥ
Ȩӵܱһ˵Ȼ׷׺ؿҶС죬²ǰݣҶС챻ĪȨӵɢȥ󣬳˻һüصҶСߣ֪ʲô£
ҶС뵽ʲô˵ʲô
ҶС֮ǰһΣִܼ֮ǵֻ࣬ѡҵ˾ȨѼʽУ˹һθ磬ȴ˾
òˣ˾ķˣ˾ˣҶСϿͻȻԾĿƫһͿһûУֻ򳤷˴
˿һƣ˼᯻ơ˼ָľ˼ϡϡΪʲôͬΪĴ˾֮һȴҪأ
ҶСΪʲôأ
¶һӿɽ̵ģΪҲ
Ŷ
˵Դλ䣬ҵʮάϿʼҳӱȢ֮ŮΪޣҳӱȢ֮ŮΪޣһֱ
䣬˼ңֶУֻʵ۳ûϳϮ˾ְλҵжϡҵճӴӴֻȢɽʦһŮΪޡӦ޾ɽ֮Ů
ҶСͷ˵ЩСЩûУɴ˵ɿ˽⡣
˼Ұ֮󣬳˵ڳž棬˴ɢȥһ֧벥ݣ࣬Ͻ£Ʒһ֧ˡ
ҶС֪Ʒȷʵˣһ֧Ȼûʲô߶ǲõĵ㲻һˣ˼Է¡
˵Ʒױ㷼ԶӦˣƷļƣԼңӦģ˳裬ֲԸ⣬ɴǨӱԺˡ
ƷԴרںլְһӦҵ·ܹܣȢӦһΪޡ
Ůּ޸ӦĶӣһѾ˼֮⣬˲һ֧صˡ
ҶСüͷƷֻӦڶѰһ⻹󣬾ҽôҪԸңӦҲ˾˱ţ롣
ǣƷھȻȡӡ˵λãִˣķͲͬˡȻһʳ뱨ԵԴͶˡ
˵꣬ҶС˼̽صˣƶ˰ɣ
ҶС˵ͷɴ⣬ϽͷȻ˸·ʧԼ˵󣬼æסΣɲ
ҶСͷ˼Σ̧ͷôΪʲҶС컰˵һͣסˣǰտգлгǸţϵӰ

һţʩʩȻظ԰ţҲǸŷ磬òԸ߹ڲֲֻۣð⹦ڳϣ˳УҲ͸ֹš
ǰҹɫѾ԰ĳζһȻϵԣһԾԾڵţϣƵϥ򵹡
۶ڿϳƹ򵹣̴̰Ƿ·ȫû˿һ㡣
˫ֱȭϥ¹򣬶һ΢΢һ㶣漴ϲЦտ˻ӻ֣һ󷭣ȵϣһͷʧҹɫ֮С
΢ЦŶһ磬ҶСѵ԰
üЦӣе㲻ص԰ֵô𣿡
һ԰ͺƷˣ˫֣סƷϴһŵ׷£˵ֵֵÿأ
㶣Ц
ʲôɺޣǵˣǱͬ飬ȴ㣬ͶĵΪˣϺ˼ͬͬڣͬ飬һΪ˸϶Ŭ
ǰѾӦʵ߹ۼϳΪµһ֧Ҫװ󣬲ǲعϻΪϸ˵ֻǱƷؾܾˡ
ƷԱôȨǰϺͲ϶Ȼе⡣صһĳԯ֣Ц߿ЩҵҪƣƷǺεȵǱ


37 
֮۲жһׯ԰ζзȻʱѽһ֣أвʵ澴䣬ĺ
ϯһţһţһƬӳϯѩ˪ǿϤϯضʫҲȻ
ʵͻҲˣֻʳﲻȻҰ磬׼ľˮȱЩ㡢տġϹʲô¡صʽȴϺ˵θڡ
Щɰҳտ׼ּ澴Ҫʲôֻ軽סǷԸһƬ̹ͻǻҲʱ˵Ц£崺硣
ҶСŻƷɡİ״䣬ӻδ¶棬Щ̸һһҪȨʽԼ
Աһϯˣ̸ЦԵȤҶСʩʩȻ߹ȥһ֣Цλ̸úܿİ֪¿ɷ񡭡
ҶС컹û˵꣬һ߹ڲʿѾһҡǰһָҹǴƹλ͵һͬȥ
ͬȥͬȥ
߹ڲĹӸ׷վϸ߳ľ죬˦Ŵ䣬વȥȥˣҶСһվǶ㶡
شǰСˣһ˵˴ŮԹˣŮǲңǲǻԿرܡ
ҶСЦҡͷҲ̤ȦӣȵȦķͷ˷֮УֻҪô˳ˡ
İ΢ЦκһȦ棬ɵģһ֮ġ㰲Ҳ˾˼ӵοǵең˲١
ҶСһϯҶĳéٿ
˲̲סҲ˼һУȴҲûҪΪҸνǴ˵ĿӦˣӦ˭׽أ
ƷɵηһԣҲӦһ졣
ҶСߣǾȥǱһԡ
ҶСߵԱһϯǰϯмλţ·ʿӵ˸ոҶСЦصλˣСҶС죬ͭţ롭
ҶСδˣһµĴʿӱСֵصѽ˴Ӭ࣬ҵȲƵǱ߷ȥϰϰ̹
֮֮
ͬȥͬȥ
ոĴʿʱ֮ززܵǰտһϯȥˡ
ҶСһԻƷɵ˿Цˣɡ
ҶС켸ˣ䣬ۼϯϿտգҶС㶫ҶСŤͷһԶϹһʽĲʵƣվһѾͷͷ˫Ѿ𩣬ֵһ£
ң
ѾͷڶȻҶС֣һҿָָԼıӼȴȵġҶСЦصͷѾͷԥԥؿһ䱸صӡ˼ʲô
ҶСһ̧֣Ѿͷһ˫ֱͷңң
ҶСƵص˭ҪˣһϯЩˮ
С˫֣ɵؿҶС죬Ÿţһʱ׼ӣص桭ĲҪô
ҶСεصԵ޹ʵģΪʲôҪ㣿
Сգգ۾ش˼˵رϲŮˣϲ򣬻ϲõͱոڴſھͰһŮͱѪ̺ģ˼ҡ˼е㺦¡
ҶС󾽣ҸղŶԭģ㿴⸱òô׼֮ô
СѾͷص˲òడ㿴崿ü续СѾôҾСѾ㿴ŲˣĲǻˡλ˾үϲĸأôüĿġ
ҶСַ֣£εصѾͷвģֱһŵȥȥȥȥɣٸ㶷죬ҵñ
СѾͷมһٲҪߣͣסӵҶС죺ǹӻҪҪˮͳԵأ
ҶСεصУȻáûУʵҲ̫
СѾͷ˿Ȼô˵һ㶼ס
ҶС쿪ˣǰɣ֪Ǻˡ
СѾͷҡͷǰ˼ֻ˵˵һ㶼ףĸεǸ˾ºŻл
ҶСʵ˵ˡСѾͷһɣ¶µ飬æӵص㡭Ҫʲô
ҶС޺޵صĥ㿾ˣһ鿪ʼԣ
СŵüһȾܡһתײһ˻˳һײȻȵվǶһûǴһ̧֮ϣסӡ
Сæ˴ҾصлʵڶԲסԲסʹûУ˼ӺģӦûС
ҶС̲סꡱһЦ˳С澣Ǹ˵ǸžͰԼժˡ
һŵǸĿֻжʮԵü⺷²ûʲôװΣԲס
СѾۣͷػ˻֣תոЦҶС죬ۣȷصҶС죿
ҶС׵£
ֵţ˾ҶС죿
ҶСЦˣѵеڶҶС죿
СѾͷ̲סǿɲһͬͬյеģҶСֲǶôıºͦһ
ȥȡҶС̲סˣͬضֻСѾȻûô˵Ҳģȴʵ崿أȴڶ
СѾͷһϽŻŵӿˡ
תҶС죬һЦֵˮ쵶
ҶС֮ǰĹóһ쵶֮ʱһϳӣδļ̳ˣҶСϽȭ񣺡ԭˮ֣
쵶һЦ߹ץסҶСֱҡҡİصһۣ˵ǼλӴŵĻɷĳͬϯأ
ҶСϲ⼸λµĻŴģ쵶
ⷬΧȻǲʶ쵶ģȻʽǸнûţ˾٣˽˭ǲ֪ҶСոˣǳѿ
˾ҵļ̳˶ʱ߶һǽύʶ쵶˻ǲٵģݺܿͱΧ֪ˡ
һ쵶˱ȻˡμģҶСͱˣ˿ԱӻرܣμҵȻںںﻹһ˵ĺܣ쵶𽵹ύţ˾٣žΪԭɣ
쵶ǸˬʺӣΪҶСӦƷ쵶øУ̸ϯϲʱ쵶ˬʵĴЦ
иϯϵ˺ؿһ󣬶ҲͲٹעˣϯ֪Ǹ̸Ц߻ͣ˲ͬˡ
ǣȻ䣬˾ʧˣֻҶСصôţҺݺݵؽѵһ٣ǲܼʦڵģȴû̵ʲôô
쵶ЦѵĺãϣǸ翴˳ˣ߱ǸҶϵطһ
쵶Ц̸˼䣬Ȼе㲻Ծƺ̫徲Щ̧ͷһ֮£һ;ϯϵıһһк
¿÷ЦعʩǰӣԱߵȴֻĺƷѹкȻˣֻҪ¡Ҷڴ


38 Ҷ̫
ҶСǿڵ״ģøģƾˣҶСõǴ̣⵹˽ҩٺһҲǷǳء
ô˵ʱƷﶼþƣ߶ȻûкôȻǰ¶ˣŬάĸ߰ޣȴǵĸоԡ
ΪӭѲҶܣȨ׷׸ϸҶ˻ܣû뷨Ӧػ־Ϊܳ谮ƷһΪ˰ɷɴҵͬнӸغǿҪʹȻʹʧ

ûƷߣڡ͡ڳϯǰͣ£һһŷڵϣƷ򰲹ӵлŮˡ
תҶС죬նʱǰңƷǰҵĹͣҶСڰſƷӱȻܲá
˭˭ǹҲۣΪ˾һңһеŵͣ˾֮ìܣάȶΡУʵǿĺʵķìεͣ
ھƽϢ¶˵Ļϣһ̶ȵƫ̻ǿһǱȻѡپԹƽǰͰ˵ˣֽܱʱյٹӰô
ҪƷͷˣ
Ʒǰ㽿ĵһȻľҲҪߵȡ˶ĻλҶֻҪù
ֻǰ԰ɨأ
֪
ô
ȣҲûʲô
쵶ɫȻ̤ǰһ֣ҶСҵѣ
Ⱥһɧ쵶ԴμҡμվҶСһߣҪ˼ɰɣ
μҳӼȻǿͷҪҶСˣҾ͸ͷʹˡϧһû¶棬Ҳ֪ǻƫԼ֧ӵܣվҶСһߣĴҴһϷͺÿˡ
ȺУһһϮ°ɫӣӸ˫֣µؿֳ棬ḧ޼ĺƯİֺ溬Ц
̽ͷǸһŰƴСССۣһƲ룬ĺܣʶˣѰײк̰Եʯ˾ٲϣϵ
Ҽ̽ͷȴǷڣֱüŨһףǱãһͽƫȻǱΪչҴչۡ
ǰλ°ӵӲϤֻǡɳ߶ѡ˽°ӵڻǳǻϲؿҶС졣
ҶС죬ֺ£ҶС첻ۣȻŭˣǴΪϲˡ
û쵶ҶС죬ڿ;һҪγ֣ͼͻȻһüı飬ҶС˵С͵ܣ¿ҷӣͲܸĸ𣿡
һ仰ڣ˵ʱһص۾顢ǣȵԹǴ
ҶСһ޹ص֣С¶¶ҰʱСȷҲЩ񲡢¿ʮ¶ͬˣСܺôҲһ죬Ϊ˴һصĺܡ
ճ鴤˼£صҲأǿˣСӾһͷ̫갡̫굱ͷϲл
ҶСһصִԲӣ̫꣬Ҳֵһͷޣ㲻ңҲ㡭
ӿЦˣеɽ
˵ţȡƣһһҶС죬ˣҸӣ˵Ǹɡ
ҶСѾǲġ
ҲصѾ˽ᣬҲ׷ͲǿͷˣҲܵģ
ΪӦܵˣӦҶС׳ٰΪеļƻ֪ģŪҶС֮֮ǣȴҲʱѹ˱ͷ
ֻԾвʣҶС˾ǿ࣬ͷǿơ
ҶСֵ̯ˣ־ͲǿͷˡСʵǸܽˣһԵ·ˡ
ʱǰǸСѾͷһӿ˸߲ҵ߹óҶС󣬰һۿһھơۡһ˳ȥ
ɢ״һҶСߣ˫ַһ׵ҶСſ۾ӹ˲Ƶصֲţ
ӼæջĿ⣬Цţţˣͨ
ϣ˺󿴵ﲻеżˣΪһͻϾҪ˭ȴķչ˵ԼˣŲܴܴ軹Ϣˣδ˭˵׼
һѲ񡢼һưͣϣչ۶һۣͨ˶ԷĴ㣬ϣһЦȺм˳
ϣƵ磡ð˿ĳȴҪΪ֮ƽˣҶСҲ˵Ե·ˣӲǷǣЦֱһЦ
ϣǰһվȻСƤƵģþλȵҲףӲͭϵĵ̶ΪУδȾԽˮɽ̲ʯϣ
㲻طϣһСѾͷΪ˾˭Ұģ˵ʯڲĿ֮£ٺ٣µĵھפұѵô
չ۽ŭصҶСԵ·ˣЦ㾹Ȼ´˶֣ɴ˱ɼײУ
ҶСǳ֣е⣬漴ҲˡڵľôһȨҰͽѲĻᣬôܲ
ҶС쵭سչǰ˺Ƥô
չһ죬߳ŭô˺ƤϷʲôɽչѾͲʽ޽ԵϷֶŮΪ˾ķˣ˾Ҫ˽ã
չҴӴ빲һپ٣һ˺ˣң˴ȣƽϣϷȻԹۣ
ҶС켥Цƨֵõƥֹϼһǰҹͼ죬׷ɱ;ɱҶĳڣǵŭңֵҶС죬Բûֹ֣ͷѰҶСĻɣưƣҳͷ˿ҲӣҲͳɹˮ㵲ô
ҶС絶һչ۵ģ̵չһһģչ߳ŭСС֮ģȾ֮ʲôҹͼ죬ϷϷĲա
չۺݻû꣬ҶСѾǴСѾͷŵһӿ߳һֻȣݺݵͱչ۴ŵͣһǳڣ°ϡ
չһ书ϧ˿ϵԳ˹֪Ե·˵ҶСͻȻͶ֣͵Ϯ֡иһȣ°;Ͱһء
ҶС䲻䣬һȭȴҲᣬˤ˳ȥҶСžϣһѾס죬һգȻղܵģǰռءׯڡӻûʣãˣһ㣡
һĿɿڴܽһԵ·ˣڶͶˣ


39 ӿ


ԣ
Ҫľ
ҶСҲʵûа취ʱԼһ˹ˣΪһһ½Ĺ壬ȴ޺һԱ˾ȦϹǽ
ϧ첻ԸֻǸᣬĪؾӦֻĺ꾫ƵòóҰһ档
˵ĵһӡǺѸıģټϲϣչԻɫ֣ҶСֻðһᣬȻ粻ˣһΪɽҰˣҾͰҰ˵Ӹǿ
Ұ˸ʲôӣ嶯²Ǻϲϲԡ
ð찡Ѿͱˣ嶯Ǻ˰ɣڰǰŹչ˾Ͳ˾Ǹϲӵı
ҶС쵽׼ĵһ¾˾չԼѾɹˣֻǽԤȫ෴ڶпΪ
ҶСҪĵڶʲôҽ˵Ļᡣڹߡ˴ˣ˭֪Һչг𣬶
չͷֻ֣Ҫò̫һץסʾã˫˳µؾͽˡòÿΣմߣǵȻŹᡣ
СѾͷվڰԱߣüЦ¶ǲġӼĿɿڴƺȫûзӦҲֻùʰմˣȻô죬桢ͣ
𳶵ˣҲרҵٲˡΪݵһ˾ȷϣݳӣһֱ£Ŭάϵⷽصȶ
ȶҪһ̶ˮԵȶû췭ظö֮ڲҲһиáҲʧȥȻĵλҲðһдڵıҪ
ԡͱӵʱ򣬰һֹ̫ƽˣһĳҸ¶ҲŶ¿
ҶСչۡϣ£ǡڰΪȫƿصĳͻΧ֮ڡ԰ӵ۽ǺѾĵúãúð
ƷϯϣһԣγȣϵظŻչۣЦߣ˵Ե·ˣĵ£ѵ𣿡
ǰվ˶￴ֵǸʿչۺͲϣ߳ʱײһ£վøǰˣƷ仰Цºð±ĵ¹ãĳ£һͳ
Ʒ̧ͷһʱһܣ㣿ʲô
ʿ΢΢һЦãĳôã
ƷһŤͷȥû
ҶСŲܴ˾Ϻ£ˣʯһ㣬ҵעϣΨһע⵽˺ܵһ档
˸ҺƷ˵ݵλӦòĲ࣬ұ˴˼Ȼ϶ģһȴټĲգʵûӡ벻˭
̲ס˭ƺ˲̫Ը
ؼͻȻðһɷǡͷһһϣ˽вܣǲӡ´ܼҡԭɽżҵˣϷ÷һ𳤴
ŷԶ޲ݣӦķˣΪޣŷ˵˲ݡŷ˲ܳ裬ܱҲãܼʵûôȨ
Ťͷһԭǳˣôûģ
΢΢һЦ¶һɯ΢ЦƶеˣûҲʲô
ؿ˶ҵôĪҲƾĴͨģ
˸Цǰ˵ٻ״ͲҪȡЦˡƶȻһУ෽˽Щ˼ҵıϸôֱأ
ؾ㾹Ȼ֪˭
¶ɯһص΢Цֹλڼס˼Ҷ鱸ʱڼӷһβǲİ£ҪҪ
ɫʱ䣬ųˣȣ㡭ô֪
΢Цƶеˡ
˶ԻʱҶСѾѲϣ˼Ȧһ˳ȥվԭغϣ䣬̫ᣬҶС˼Ȧתڵϻֲ£һʱվ
쵶ʱҵѿˣѹӨӨӿеˣԸô¿
ǳ鶯£ֹչҲϲ
쵶һüë£ǡ¿УҲù¿а
˿һ벻Ҳ˵ĻȻǸɧ
СվԱߣ˵չҲϲˣ΢΢˺ÿüë˾ȤЩļӨӨչϲôˮеֻҮ
չֹͣ˸Ż͵ŭҶС죬ϷƲ𣡡
չһͷŭʨһȭݺݵػҶСؿڣѣǻһʯҲܱһȭ÷飬ҶСУֻҪҪӡ
ҶСվǶ˿ûۿչһȭҪҶСؿڣĹͷҪϳɼٿ飬ŮŵһУ͵ס۾
ۣ
չһȭаܸԱߺȻһֻ֣Ƶȭͷϣ͵һȭֻƣȻȫֻ΢΢һչ۾;ȭͷһǰȥ
չҶСĶһڲϣϡϣתһײʶҪȴץȥڵʶץ˼¡
İʱѾҶСߣ˫ָ󣬰ȻչۡƷߵ΢΢һΣƺҪǰȥ쵶˵Ʒ΢΢ֹ̧֣Ĵ
ŮۣҶСɰɽжʱðСǣȻӢأ
ҶСŵȶתǿ֧ţ¿ô㣬չͷ̫죬㰡
ͩվһ۵ĽۿһĻĿʱøˡҲ˹ոռ˾֮λûжãҲҪһչʾԼ̨
ͬʱżѾǰԭڼһϣѹżҵͷϣڲڼҴ۶ˡλͷϻѹһ̫ϻʡҶС죬û
κһˣһȨҪӦΪżҵĴͷˣǷȨҪάһ־޴ѹ
ͭʣֻͩҶڵļз棬ϥӲдҪһɻˮϢͭʾˮ̶Уһʿ
ǹ֮Уܻ˼Ȩͩȴһ񡣰ĴУҶ֮ͭλӰ첻ýƱҪµ֮ͭǿҷĸԤ
Ѿ䣬չ۵趼áҡҵθ̫ͩмǣɳ߶һĴ¡
ط˾࿴ںżҵϽϣʹڬBúҶС죬޹ʹͩĻ䣬ͭʼװӣֱԵүүĻᡣܿҪϼꡭ
ڣȻϣ


40 һϷ
ɱɱ
ϣѹŭȥϾͱƷͦסˣڵϣûĽͬө
һߣչԳ֣İһ˴ͬչߵ⹦·ӣ󿪴أٱİڼ·ӣƵᡣ
һ𣬾ѩŷ׷ò׳ۣһˮҲӰˣȻİֻ࣬ǲõô˵ɱһ˾
һһյƱƷһУȻһǿѩĵʹѵĵƻȥʮȻʵƷɲİпŵǻƷɵĵԡÿ
ȻͬļвͬĺôսϣƷڵɱһİһ˫Ƹ࣬ʵԸǿǴ书跽˵Ǿİʤһˡ
ɶȻ·ǰһûаϵȻС֣ѿԼϣ˹سʳ
ؼƷɺ͵ХǰһƵĵֲ̫ڵضҶСˣϯ°ɣǧ֮ãȫΪϡ
ҶСĿһתȻͬϯؿµڼҸ֣еľʱٶ㣬ҲøҶСˣֻӲͷƤϹȥ
ʵҶСҲĻģܵ£ΣգʵϷȫΪ˵ͬϯߣԷɱ˵ľ
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ݵˣ˵׷ǰ£ôسŵڰǹһ¡ߣͻ֪˴˵ݣĿǰҲֹ֪ѣǶҪһ˽֡
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ƷﱾһҶСڶ棬΢΢Щ⡣
ҶС΢Ц棬ֻ֪˫̶֪裬ȴ˵ݡȲѶʵΪԱԷ˾ɫҶĳϧ֡
⻰ʵڽòˣּ٩ᱡζֵ٩ᱡȲµʧĵزŮϲĻ˭Ըò
һҶСòǸͱֵúܺˣĵˣҲΪֱȫţ˾γٵ档
ᱡҪȻֹƷֹ˶ˣЦЦؿҶСһۣḧԼ˴һ˫ľȻ۾ҶС졣
ƷֵصҶԶе̫飬ǸҪġ˼ҿǼˡѪ˵ݾͰݣ
ҶС̾ݵλɲǿĽˣ㲻һ£ԩԩ౨ʱˣһЦۡ
վڶȺУۿڼҸһȮ̬վ󣬲аޡ˿ɽҵţȴˣռȵҡβʾҡ
룬ȴҲ޿κΡϲƷȥɷĳ谮Ȩɽż벥ԶԼУȻΪʧǿԳ档
ַ޼£мܳ棿ɽͷв磬ʵʤһ͸ҲûЧ
Щ׿ѧһգ֪ŷԶҲûгͷ֮գתͶƷ£ǱȻˡмһĹ

ʱǸϵˡƷڣ·һˣƹɫ֮£ɫҹеһө棬ȻϾͱע⵽ˡ
ҵˣ
ĴУʵУʵǽ˰˴ռ˾֮£ͷڡĴ֮һھȱˣҵˣⳡֲԲˡ
ǣ˾ղ·עĿͷһʱ侹ǹ˰ӡ
ڿҶС죬˽ŵ֮£ǻм˵Ϸµ˰еǶһ޵Ĵ˶̸ЦǿɱֻҹеөעĿˡ
ô£ҶСƷﶯôΪʲô̸ЦһԶġ

ͷһģڶģľú׾Ϳ̸ЦĶ˼ʵϰŽ䱸衢̽⣬Ҳ֪ôģһƷҶС̸Цӯӯðôһʶ
СϾС㣬ֱڿҲӨӨ뵽ˣ
磡
һĿһʱҵʶˡСһʾ⣬һŭЦչۣƥ򣬾Ȼ¶棬ȥգ
Ӿӣãٿһ͵سǰȥϣµһ͸ձƷһվȣоһգһѶȥ
ӵȫţ黭ʫʸ踳ıǻۡͣöù书ȻҲߣһڵУƷɵļݡʵá˿ѷ
Ҫ˵ǾǻƷɵÿһһȥ޻صƣתΪԲ󣬶ҽǰĿ顣´óĲǵǽ
һ֣İ֧穵չ۸Ǳˣİûмй˼һ֣֣˵ҶСߡ
ʱͱչۣƷɶԲϣµ͡ϣ书ȻӲں˵ȴܰϧԼһֱûгֻ֣һȥߺɱСһ͵ĵȥϣϰԼĵݸȥ
м쵽ҶСϯǰʱַ˽ŲֺŵһȹǣƷȻһЦ겻ˡ
תЦ绨ɲﻰأ˼ȵýķ֡欣Ů˼˶ҪĶοء
˵ҶСһۣһᡢ⡢׵ģҶС찵һѣʲôôĻͻȻץڴĸо
ƷڿЦЦ˼ôʵһŮˣǶĻҲҪˣ˵ĳ谮¶֮˫ɫһ˸ַζֻ˼ҾҪĪˡ
ɫһףƷڷףδ򣬵ڶϹǼ޲ȥô
ҶСʲôʲôˣʲô¶ȣŮˣҪ˵˽ô˵ɣǰô˵ҪҪôô
ҶСͻȻᵽһΣյζԵΣζһֻɵӣҲûкļȥˣתǵش㿪
Ҷүո̧ƨɣһ䡰㡢ƯãģСȡûڣ΢Ц˫ͶϣεεصҶ١
ҶСˡһƨ˻ȥ
ȻһЦ˼ҿɲ˼Ҿ
ȻЦˣǰûЦǴûһЦΪչʾһŮ˵ķ飬һЦǡƿէѡ͸ƣǸޡ
Ҫ˵𣬾ĸ+ŵ𣬾ǾβȻ֮Цһֻ꾫µʲôǾֻ꾫
ֻľβ꾫мɵҶүֻɵЦǡǵġ


41 Ƶ
Ʒ￴˿ֿҶС죬ݸλĹϵܲһ㰡
һȣʵղŻһڣ͸ое㲻ԾˡڸƷ磬һԼɶԱòŮӴ˴⡣
ɿֳһۣչ۶ѽѷ֣һʱ˼ߵİӿæɫ
ҶСӣƷҶĳһλཻ֪Ī棬ԵݲǳˡǰЩչͼﲻ죬°ܺɱڣҶĳʷȣˣǺˡ
ƷҶ㱡üҲ˵֪ĺ֪ľඣ
Ʒǿ㣬뼤ĸĲãȴӦǰǰӨӨҶ٣ȴʶʱ֮Ҷ٣лˡ
ҶСˬʵһЦӨӨ㣬ˣʲô
кˬȴЦĸˣһУȻҶСˣȴҲˣ֮Ҫлġ
ƤҶүֿʼˣȻ֣ĸŮ˿ʼ˺ƵʱԭСèҲצһҲǳԲġ
ҶСϽٱ¶ظһʲô˵ЦǰҶٵȻҪŵܲõ˵ϷԼӰɣ
ۿչ۴սֹƷɺͲϣǱߵ˸˸ͷǶЦٻ˵ŻȴΧȺڴ󱬰ԣձȻɣͷʹֹ
ӵϣŭһʼߣ첲ӣչҾ˸ϣ磬ҰҴ󶯸ɸ꣬ɺͳ֣סְգҶ٣һĲ£
ӰһֻͲƽڶֻڶֻͲҲˣ쵶վһԸû˶ƵģӲݺݵصһۣС˶Ŀ𣿡
쵶һ޹ô
ӵȰ߰Ҳϣ߰
쵶Ȼ򡱣Ŷ
ӣ
쵶
ӣ㰡
쵶ڣϰã
쵶һһץסӵֱۣ֣ϢŭϢŭǼҶǾˣֻԩ·խʷ԰ڣ㰲Һ޸ϵ޸ϵֺαǿͷء
棺ɣҰҴ֣ǲҰӣԹۡ
Ҫǰ壬쵶ûʹһҺô۷Զһ±ҲǱĻԼײġ
һһײˤ쵶һѳ˻ס쵶ſң㲻Ҫң쵶֣û¶
һ˵һ߽ų۵ڻշ쵶Ľż⡣˵ңӲ㡣
쵶ʹ׽ŪֻļߣһһߵϢŭϢŭҪǵ£Լȥð˰ңľ֣ͷԻǸġ
СѾͷվһԣһԻľٶȻأסҲ˰죬ŰЦĸоǿѹס
ɣ
õȷʵǽõ似ķӲۿۣһ򣬲ſյһչеĵչ۵ˤȥˤ˸غ«
ᵶ׷ϣȵգ
һʽɽݺݵչ۵ͷ£չ۴󺧣һֳסԱϯһŰһһаķѣϲĽΧ߷׷߱ܡ
վƷһͻǰһһһɿӿȥľҺ֭ԶԶƷҶС˾Ȼδ
ȺУ١ɫۣڳĳϵ࿴ҡҡͷ
һ˵˵ʺ
һ˵˽֣˵Ǽأ
ģϻ˰ߣ·һнľϵˣȻҶСվǰҲϲǺٴ
ٴôɱչۣ˻ô
һ˫ƻǵ۶ƷϣصҵûɱˣӦһֻ
֪Ӧзģֻǿû֤ݣһӣһ洦ĻǵҪٳӦı׼ֲźһټȻˣΪλӦδٱǰ£´󽫣ǲǻӦ췴ƼƳȥô
ʵȻӦûĵȵ¾㱸ȵ͢ش⻼֮һʵ̶ܴΪƷȰ롣
ΪƷңӦŸӳǣûߵӦܻܿ͹˳͢ʵӶ緢Ҫɱֻƺ̸ס
ƷɱעӺ޸оƷеһȴͻȻŤͷ߿һֻۣǵʱӰ֮±ͷܶƽƽ棬ѾƲ˭ˡ
ֻԼĸ֪ɨһۣŤͷȥʱٴѾһǶȣۼˣٴüҲְɡ
ٴ˵ţԴ̽˳һָһǿͻȻӶ
һ˰չ۳ûӿһոڿУͻȻһתҹɫзİ
񡱵һը÷飬УǱغ˼ᵶתȵ˭͵Ϯң
ΧȺͬʱһһҡͷң
׺ݵصˣһɱʱܼڴһҴҳ֣Ҫµܼͣ򵥵ֹͻ£Ҫ˫ìܣͲһʱεˡ
쵶ǿߡˣҹ³ֹ̬ȴظҾͲԵԴظͣˣǽ硣
Űĳ֣һڽ޺޵˺ݻҲڶһҪչϹҼͷȡ
չ۲ʾǿϷڣϷҹɽҹν御Ҳ˼ͼϷǺξģϷͷڴˣҪȡȡֻҪǸ£
ҶС˶ǰ·ʹϣʱ绢ܼСͬ²ô˵ģţ³գ
Цðĳ˾ڷʶϵ㣬Ĺͷ
չ۴ҶС죺ƿСҰĲռż֮أֶ֮ȨͼȢֶŮԸ㻳ģϷʮа˾ٲݣϷ㡣
ƵĻսУչ룺֮棬ִ鷳ҲҶСҲǸݵҲŻȥ
ҿҶСüȥģ¸ɲһĹɼˣҸһĻһȥ޻ˣҾͽˡ
ϣҶСûҧгݵ룺ɱҶС죬޻ˣвҶףĳйͷޣسеκκ
ͩһֱȻ¶ɵҶС죬޻չңٶԸڬBã֮ͭĵλпڰ
ٴص˳һų˵شŪһ߰ĥǭǸóûһѲǣѻ˭Ϻأ


42 һؼë
԰֮ݲ£ûжƣҲûƴʫֻд뻥ʷı˵ⳡżȻδŵȴȤԶһᣬԶ֪СۣżʶһµȤ
ҶС뿪ʱµգء־¡ַΧۻΡҹУʫ⡣һ˳ȴǻӱ꣬ɡ
ҶС첻²ϣչۣˣȻѾˣҲĲͷⲢ˼ңңչҺͲܼңȴܻؼֵǲӢۡ뿪ҵĴţϾͱһɵҲһ㣵ç򣬳Ϊ˲෹Цϡ
ӣ̫ܵ죬ֲý׷ȥ֪굽Ķȥˡ
һʿϵһųǰ棬ͷеƣһΡ֡쵶ڳϣƬ̣ȻʧЦСӣǸ龫òçײʵĻȻˣҲõˡ
쵶Ҳǵ˻չҿ²ưոݣһ֧лҶС죬˭ȴˡ
ͬҲǶһʿţ͵һ󣬱ȥ¶һĨȤЦݣ¹һգ·꼻оӨ¶飬͸˵Ĳɷ
һϣһۣͻȻʵˣ
ݸͷܵñӻ졣
һѹЦô·˰ɣ
ɫǽҪĺ飬ѵҸ˵˲ſģ
ÿħЩήˣֻΪǵѣŲЦôġ
ŭҾЦˣչܶ˹˺Ǹṩ˽õĽڣһҪ磬ҶˣҪҪֹ
ÿħ㬵ر֪ͣСõԸǿǿƵúˣ˵ҪԼǣҶС֣ǻϡԣʲôųҪˡ
ҶСֲͬڱˣҪҪһʧǰǲܶɱģֻѡĬ
ߣ£Լ£ԺٹܣңѾˡ
ӣԽԽ̲סֱһ䡣
һͦ˶غȵ縸磬Ҳ㣬˭㣿
ң
һЦЦ絶񱻴Ƶήˡ

ҶСڹﶵ˼Ȧӣڳǳع󣬳ɽˮд֣̬ԭдȤŽﰵＸ֧׷ٵĶ飬صס
ëһ˴Ĺȣһֻյľƺ«ͥԺһʯһ˯˺˻صǰûв
ҶС쵽ԼסڷġƼë⸱ģЦǰĴȣëԺط˸컹ûأ£˿ˡ
ҶСҡҡͷԻƷɵȥ̺ӣ
ƷɴӦһĽؿëһۣëǵĻУܶණȻûгףëȻѾ˺ܶҹˡ
ԼȻҲ˽ദʱҲ§§ͣЩͷȴʼղ꣬ЩǷǡ
ٳȥҶСͲһˡϾȨƼĹǣЩԷϣ컯ձһԼɣΣյĿܻҪСЩ
˵Ҳвòȥңһɣ˾ɽͷչ׽ģչҵжԵģҪŽһпŽ
Ǳߣʵ̫ġΪһֱΪҶĴǱߵüȻǹݵһӣǶԹߵӰ췴Զˮϡˮϡ
һڵԭʹòһֱѡڵĴΪ᷽һҲڰϺϰеĵơ
ԣȨǻ߲ҶС˸ոձ󣬾͵˵ҶС׽ϳڸԼҪǿԽнӴġǲΪϵɫͷһԽύѡ
չңԭˮףǵ޷ӰһøİͿԺȥͽӦȻҲ죬ϴһǻͿ˶ϾͬԭҲҶС졣
ҶСȥݷʯͯҡյżͯҲӵܲ룬ҶСûвͯҵĴڣʯͯûдڸУܼҰĲĲϣ͸ҰĲӦ֮䣬ֱܴͯұضĹֻ֮ͯһȽϵ͵ˡ
ҶС쿴ϣչ۴֣ͯӦӵһŰΪʯĴ壬ܡͯչܼҺչѾ֣ʯѾҶСƿأͯҪúȥҪҶС֣ܺͲչ⡣
ҶСĴȻͯ˵ţ˾ҶٵŰݷãţͯϼͯЯͯ˹Ҫһӭ
ͯҾܲ죬Ϊʯ丱ֱܼܲҴѹ⻼ͲܡչֺͲܼͬ·Ұ֣Ҳܱ޳Ī
һҶСܵͯҵӾͲΪˣοͯҵ֮ܿ£ѾҪѰһҶСˣ˫ĻȻˮɡ
ȻȲͶԼʱ䣬ͯɸҶСӣ¡ؽӴһҶСţֱ뿪뿪ʱ˫Ѿ·ѡ
һĻȻ˶ĿȨϾףΪҶСǿƽ룬ʯڶڽٶȴһƽ⣺չͯҶ
ڲչĺ̨ϣˮǣƣͶȥ֧Ԯչһʯ˭»еĥء
ͯϴ
ҶСȵС˵ģЦݿ䣬˹һҲû¿ԡ
úúãҶߣϾҶܵҹͣ㽫ͯĿˣ
ͯͯƺˬشЦ˫ֵ
ҶСǳոʻֿڣǰͻסȥ·Ʒǰ
һ¾װһӧѪ죬ƮڼͷԵü⺷
һƷǰȭ˿ţ˾Ҷٴݡ
Ʒɵǣ֪ǡ
һʿ΢΢һЦһǰҶСĳһҼСˣ繧ҶٴݣҶٲ߹١
Ʒӹתߵ˫ֳҶС졣ҶСһİȴһҺɫС㣬Ѧμ㣬佻㡱򿪣ϱеǶˡ
Ҷʱị̃ϪСۡΣ
ҶСһǸ֣Ͼ뵽쵶ֻǿҺɫС㣬ּɢĵܰ㣬뵽λΰɵպλϲзİĳ棬ҶС첻֮С


43 ֮·ʼ
μҺҶСйʶ˼֮һĴУѵĺѡ
ڰĴУҪ˹ıҪĿģʵμһġ
ҽμҵȻǿĴУҵĵλǳ⣬Ҳγ˰ҶصĴ·밲Һֻһ̶֧
ȥƺǣЩݵҰļңǵ׳󣬽β󲻵֮ʱȻܵҵѹƣͰҵĳһжôܵ˽˹ϵֱֻӵõүӵͣ޷ıһΪǰϼҪ
ҾͲ˵ˣעҪͷ˶ԹǱȻ;ͻҲһʹӦˡĶ
һҪ𣬰ֻܼ֮һ֣ǲڽ³ΪĵʯԶߣֱϸ߷塣
ľΨ첮ġʱ䵱ɽɵλү졢ڬBãֱչۡ
ʹֹһ죬ҪĴȥͰؼضţ룬ĺ˾յڼҡżңһھȥȲ㣬ࡣ
ùȥĴ֮УɾͳȻݺ͵λսȽʧܣøҷ³ļ彫Ӵ˳Ϊ˾ֲһ߼Ա
ʱļ彫ǧһ䡢Ӳϴѹʧưǰ֮棬˾ͨ˾ı
˴֮ͭУ߳ͭʣĿĵһѾΪĺ˫ҪĺһҪһҪҵҿһܳڡ
ܹٴμߣķչ߱ӻáμˮʵʵ˾Զǿڣܳ
ǣμͬˮҪμƽȺҲǲģӭϣֻ˸ӹߣ;ĩ·ѡ
μݳ֦ǾͲͬˡҶСԼμ쵶λϺؿһ£ΪʲôҪ֣µҶС죿
Ī쵶ۣһ۾ƳҶС츳ѣձضΪĽɣҶСһǣͷֿܡӨӨлǿ鱦μҿĿǰ߱μ𽵹ʽ
ٲȻ쵶ͰͬáһҶ绨񣬵һ飬ѡʺͬεĻϪһԡֵܡӴ˫˫ܡֿܡҶСĵһƤһҪ䲻ġ
˼ȥֻһֿĿǰˮμͬһ֣Կ֮⣬˫Ҳڲϵعͨ˾ӷǾ·򿪲ս
ĿǰҶСѾͭʣʯ䣬ɱҪͬչҷͻչҵĺ̨ǲңҶС䲻ܺͲֱӶԿǣҵá
԰еһĻҶСҺпҪɺҶСĵϹʵϣҵϣгһҶСܲܳΪ˼һˣ
һԤڣվμ˵ĽǶȣɲ𽵹󣬾ĺҲͨҶСʾ⣬ɽδμ˳ʾãȴܺϺ
жϺҶС˴غİĴ㡣μҶһһ˽⣬᲻غİݺá
ԷĿǰĽӴֻΪ˽ԤԺ¾ͲʲôʵԵĶҪ̸飬쵶ѾԻɽˮˡ
ıʿǰȥ̫֣ˣ̫Լһ̸ʱ϶Ҫ˼ѹۣǣҶСֻëǺͻƷɻһʿһ磬ֱϪȥˡ
ϪλڹϽҶСһΪ˺͹һɫҴңûй˵ͻϪʤܷ飬úһ
һϪ֮ʰǣ峺׵Ϫȶ˵Ĵι״ɽʯͷ׵ɽ㵭ŵͤ϶أɶ칤
ǳˮһСһСͤСͤռȥС֮ĵطʣ֮һطֲСͤܣֲݣֻһ֣ʻ̲ݣһ峺ĺˮ
Ͽʼаʯˮˮֻ¶ǳǳһأԶԶȥʯ·һַַܵС
ĵСͤУʱֻһ˶ѩԶ
ҶС찵ޣţװƣ
мμҵվͷǰһҶСЩ죬ϸһ԰ʱһֱ쵶ߣ쵶
һҶС죬صҶˣҼҹѹʱˡ
ҶСͷٲ̤ʯףëǸҪٲȥǸθͻȻ̤ǰһ˵ıǼƺҪһ𣬶˶ƵĻƬ̣ëǺȻűӺˣóó
ǸμһʱЩŭƷЦλֵգƽҲŪÿЦãһˣҪƽ˰ɡ
μصغһŤͷë֪ǲԼȥӰ˫̸Ҳټ֡ܵһ£Ѱһ֦ӻͳһ߰ϣ㹳ͳʳӣȻμͻƷɵɵÿЦ
ˮҲûϥǣﲻˮεйڿֵͨ꼾Ҳ̫ˮˮ㵹Ǽ࣬Ҳ㡣
ҶС̤һ΢΢¶ˮʯͷǰ·̤ںˮ֮ϣУӰң̿ϴˮ̿գϣҲˮУ⾳ݡ
ҶС첻룺˴¹Ȼͬ죬ֻϧǺһ߳ߵ׳ԼһЦٻ˶ǲð
ű㵽˺ϣҶСһЦɹ٣Ҷĳɳ١Ӵ
ͤһҶСһһңһ̤˺ҶСæϣһֻѥһƬѾʪˡ
ҶСһ·ʵһ·Ҫڽ£Ȼһ̤ƫҪˣ˭Ϲһۿ͵˵ϣվʧ
ͤλСӣԳԵЦţľһֻ๫ʵͷǰҶСԣ˵ƺ쵶డ
üĿ续Цٻ⣬Ȼ쵶ˡҶСոջźȴҪһںԼᣬԸ˸׹㽿СɰС˶ȴǼ˹
ҶС춶˶ʪܵǣԾصף㣡ҹأҲˣ
ҶСŲҿƴһССͤﻹеطص°ӡ
СҶСĻᣬ׳գֻ۾ǰҵСѾˣ˼ҴȹӣȻ밲ѾͬͬɫѾˣ㻹ȡЦ˼ң
ҶСĿɿڴ˭
С˫һ°ͣˮû˵
ҶСܳʵشûУ


44 
ҶСĻᣬտɰعֻɿڵĺƻҶС̲סЦ쵶ã
ص˸۶Ϊʲôǵ˵Ҹãô
ŮȨģҡò˵ҲȷʵеҶСֻõͷԭμҴСʧʧ
Цտ⻹࣬ҶþˣΪʲôʱŵ
ҶС춶˶ǣ˰šɵĴ㣬һͤߣһߵǸԼʱ䣬ֻ粻
Ĺĵص絽ѽҵ㻹ûҵ˺þúþãѵĴ
ҶС죺
ҲҪоˣԭˡûͤе㣬Ҳͦġ
μС˵ţߵͤһֻͣҶСһۣˣ˵Ϲ¾ţҲ㡣
μСá͡һôܣҸû
ҶСԾصǺιʣĪǹЧ½̫ԸϹ
μС鶯۱ӵһֱĽֻ̫ΪϺͿˣһߣôɵԸϹ
ҶСһڨڨصôΪβ˴ô
μСɰıӣֱ׳صΪҾȰմϲϴ
ҶС죺
μСһ˫ƯĴ۾ô
ҶС˵ͷƯԵġ
μСðѵһЦ绨ľҺƯ𣿡
ģȻģҶСһ棺⻹ôϹӿֻǻݺö֪һƯܿɰС˶
μСÿļˣʯһ˫۳ʯϣƬҶƵסƵЦеؿҶС죺ȻǸˡ
ҶСеЦڶ£΢΢еʧΪ쵶ɣû뵽ȴһСѾͷμҾûˣҲɳλС㸺ǢȻԼˡ
ҶС쿴˿ϼɫѵСˣʵ֪Сҽǰкδ㣿
Ҷܺ棬㡣С˫ŲͣЦеؿҶС죬е㺬ζ֮󣬹ȻûʧԽԽϲˡ
ϲңҶС΢΢ͦأŮϲǻеġûеεʧȥǵĵز
BûҪݣֻԸҶСĵˣӨӨλƾݵλǿǿܳԵ¡
ҪȢһλĴĹݶӸˣοܶԲӨӨǾԲܵġ
ʶɰһͿֱһͿҶС컹ȻشƯҲܿɰҶĳҲϲѾİŮˣⷬ⣬Ҷĳֻˡ
С˫ƯĴ۾ȻɴˣԾصҶСƬ̣ȻЦû֦ҲҶС쿴ƺʶе㲻Ծˣֲ⾿Ķ
С̫ЦˣЦǰϣ˿˼ҶС̲סڨڨʵʲôԣ
СôӿЦ̫ˣҾϲľԼ鱦Ҳ˼ϡϡ
Ҷ˵ĺƤе죬յʵ˵ģô֡
СЦ˰죬ŴϢסЦ׵˵ģϲ㣬ϲһϲ𣿲ϲһϲ˭˵һҪ㵱һϲ
ҶСͣһ仰˵˼⻰òƻǺе
СЦú˶ˣʱֱһˣ˵ӨӨ㰮ȥ˼ҵȻȻôҲҪ
ҶС죬Цеصͷ֪ӨӨΪʲôôϲˣˡ
棿ҶСط˸۶ȴûŹҪĻ⣺ʶӨӨ
СõָףЦеصʶȥʱҼסգҾʶҺϲӨӨ㣬ӨӨʹ󲿷ֵĴҹ㶼ͬһ
ҶСĵʵȥʱңŶˣҪˮģʲôʱ£
Сͷƺڻ䣺һǰǼһ˵˾㣬ʲôⶼܳ㣬Ҿͺܺ棬һʲôˣӨӨôŲ¡
СƻƵشҶС죬ͷʹ󲿷ֵĴҹҲһˣҾ;˲һɰӨӨ۹⡣
ҶС˴ΪйǱС򣿻Զ˻ϪطţôмľʢŮӰ
ҶСȻȴ²ӨӨ˵һֻôôĴӣһֻÿɰôû˼ͦ뿴ء
ҶСصסţ룬ƽʱŻɽܣ̫ˡҪϲ»ȥţ뿴ɡ
ðð²һȥҲûôǽλϪòã
ҶСָָϵľƲˣٷͻ˰ɣ
ôᣬⶫʲôóԵģӵģҳ˷λϪ˳Ϫ£沨ף
С˵һ˫ȵĴ۾ȻֵɴˣԽҶСļͷЩؿҶС
ҶСͷһͼһȻ£һŮõվţ·ҡҷĻֻ֦ôһվַ飬ɲĸŮӾóġ
СĽصƯʲôʱҲζͺ
ҶСȴĿâһصصˣ
˶ûԶüۿòʮվʿҶСͲ뵽ڶˡڳ񷤵ģѡ
ãμСã

ǿߣ
Ϊʲôǲ˶ԲӨӨ飿ǲˣǲǡǿܣ
ʱҲǷ˶ĿҶСƷ֮ĶԹȻܵΪƷѰˡ
ƷʱҵѿҶС죬ϪֻһΣϲľ£վɵΣǲҶС죬һʼδ⣬ֻһλϪСˣֱ˫ŮèƵ׼ܣϳҶС졣
ƷĵһӦɱӿۺɷ뵽ӦıɱۼҶСλʯȥЩЦ
һʯһַ̣˷ңһ˫Ŀɨһۣ΢΢¶ɫϷԸǴɱҶС죬޻ˣ˾ȻҲˣǺã


45 Ư
Ʒ׷Ըһ䣬˷ӣĸˣȻ˳£ٶҲ첻˶١
һʿ߹ȥֶݣˮһţһٶͻȻӿ졣
Ʒﲻ书̲ȣ͵һĽһΣһʿȥ⴦΢΢һգƷվ̩ɽˡ
񷤼һֱҶСȥҶС죬׷ʯ׿񱼶죬ȻվһҶСȥ·ϡ
ˮɫ˻ӿţҶСȥ·ʱʿֽǰˮ·һ̣񷤡һȵͣˮС
Ʒǰ΢΢һԣʿķֹ֣סƷ΢΢һЦصҶ٣ιʲֻɥ֮Ȯ
ҶСһӵˮұһסҶСŤȥȻˣһᣬһᣬºιﱾǱ˭ȸϵߵģ˼ݵʧʧ񡣡
ι
ϺУƷĿʱͶעϡ
ҶСѱ׷ϣ֪ƷҪɱˣֻһ£ɽǰԼӲԸɴܣ˵Ϊʱ䡣
ҡûȡ˫зִ磬Ҫ̬չʰԵɱѽѷ֣ҵ˾ү棬ͿذѾԻҲϡ档
˵ݣƷҪ˼ɵģֻҪһʱ䣬Ĳ¾ܸˡƷȻעתЦԭμҹһŮӣ
΢΢ţ󷽵һ񣬵μˣ
ƷȻԭɽһιƷ
Ʒ˵꣬΢ЦؿҶСһۣȻ˵ָҶС죬ҶСȴˣϽֵˣºʵֻǳʶ
һҶСĻ˵ղˣôͺˣվȻλϪ
ƷﱻԼʹʱһҶСͷðѾͷô㲻֪أ̼ķŭҪɱô죿
ҺôʱƷɡëǵ˺μҵѾ嵽ǰٴеضƷһˣҶСв԰Щ
ƷضӶһҲôҵˣιģһƤˣҲܲ˰ɣ
ǵǣϰһǾڶܵϪŪģôҲþʮ²ųɰȲ÷⺷
ҶСѾ켱˺ͣＷüŪۣʱͦ¿¿һӶ£ʱȴǺͻģС֣ʾʲô˲ǧŭ
˵գҶСһۣ˼з˰бʲô
ҶСʱб˵ˡﲻֺֺЦ㻹װɵô
ҶСʧе
ƷӯӯһۣЦҲطӭ˵̣Ͳ׷ѼˣŮˣЩ
еңɲ㣬ýˣ
ƷȻһƷȻŤͷͼһƮȻһλͷ֮ѷɫŮζʤ֣
ɲżȻ׷ҶСģֻǵ˻ϪƵΣ˷УһżȻľ档
׷ҶСȻȴҹȻ֪ҶС˻Ϫ֪ܲҪʲôˣòʱ֣ϵЩҪǡˣ˼ͲΪ˵ˣҶСղŵһ뷨ܽͣƯԡ
Ʒɫ΢䣺ԭã
ȴܿĵ֣δСãݼδɩ
Ʒǳ˳飬ιã
ߣڲϽУҪУСҲɩӣմմϲģԵ⡣
ҶС쾪ȵؿһۣ֪λμҴС㾹ȻסķɣҶСõδСΪ䡣
δСЩӨӨ£һȥԶǼ˫ĽɫĵصûĻĹʺȱڼҲҪ÷ɡ
֮һƼңϣչۿţ봹ס⡣
չ˵ʲô죬Ҳڵʱ֣˭֣տҶСֹģʱȻҪĵͷϡ
չüͷʱֵĻȷףҳҪڹͣһʱ䣬ҵ֡
ʱһ̼߽ƹݣߣԲϣ˵˼仰ϣЦһҲˣټμС㣬ǣ̫࣬Ǿ˶ˣձɣ
ɽֵһ࣬һӶɱװʵ嵶ɫľװǧ˵İȣɾ䡣
ֶͩš
ҶСμС㡣
˵ˣ
˼Ҳˣ
ͩ΢΢һ¡
һȻˣʱ֣ǲһᡣ
ͩЦһʱʲôʣ
۾΢΢𣬵ҶСгﲻгҺԹҶСҪҡμҽˣ˴۸ӵĹϵʺȡ
ͩ΢΢ͷڳ֤ʹԽԽô룬οвϣչұڹǸɵܸɵĸܸɵĸңǲϣ
Ǹ˶׵
ͩתˣɫתˣλżˣżҵǷǳɰܣȫϵһ
ͩǰһؿ֦ǰһȶϣˣǵļһᵱԼ˷ܽҲżҵĴˣһò
빰֣ԸΪЧ
ͩתĬƬ̣һ֣ͺȵһȥҪɱˣ֣
Ⱥһ㣬ȥ
ϪϣŮһ̨ϷҶС֮ȥʼˣ֪˷ңҾĴ硣
˼ҵδɩĻᣬȴ˼ײšιĵصôʲôҪ͵ģҶС첻ô밡
һᣬٸ磬ԼСһӰιҸǾĪˡƫƫ»ûͣԽԽڡ
ҶСŮ˴棬òײһɣ㶫صι˵Ƭ̾͵ôӰ
쵶ҶСģȻʲôɶûˡҶСιȻʵǱ
ʶײܻõӰ죬Լ˵ôԣٻйŹ֣ɵԼģûʲô¶
һ˵Ȼ첻ԣһۣ֣ȴ˳Ļղžõ㲻ҸȥǱˣӦҲ˰ɡ
˴ָϴһ㣬һʱСһѶӳ˱Ȼðʮˣ־ٳ̤ϥĺˮͳ


46 
д̿ͣһУˮе㾪Ӵ˸߿һУǷС֮ڣȻҶС캰ġ
ϳָݵʿɫһ䣬һˮǷӾͺŴ˳ȥֱСͤ
˴ں˳ˮߣεΪ׳ۡ޸ˮ֮ɽ˵Ϊѣټһ˿书ˣǿɲðգԼͤƾ˵Ĺ԰˻÷겻͸
ﻨʧɫеǿӣವһ´Ų·ؾҪӣɲͶ˫ŸոأͱҶСձ˻
лûصһۣӣ˵䣬Ѿϵ׷Сͤתˡ
ҶСһ֣״ʯСͤȥ˫ӡƵģ൱
ɱ
ʱˡҶСˣѾֱӭȥ
ɱ
Ʒͻǰˣ˫˳εˮеȥδεˮѾɨϣˮըʱѾѪɫ
Ʒɴüĺݺݰγ͵ǰһԾ˵ˤˮУƷһ̤˸ˮ棬ˮҿɲǣƷѾڿնһѩĳӭ˵ڶˡ
ɱɱǣ
ëզզػеһһŸˮʯʱ򣬸Ͻȥų³򣬿ʼͤ£
Сͤ涼վˮмսʱеȾΧˮһƬѪ졣⻨ϪҶ࣬ΪЩ˵ţʱдԾˮ棬Ѫȵĳ˼ҡ
Ʒķӵ˺ͤϣָݵʿŽСͤһʿһǷˮ͵һšžһȫըɢˮеһЩ͡
ʿԾߣʰһϸһЩͣҲҴͤУټɰ˳ͣΧѾСͤ
СҲͤߣϰȥûŤͷĴڶ𣺡Сõȵң
ûػعͷͼҶСһ·ŷӣߣûü˵ͱҶСһС֣ɷ˵سСͤ
СͤУƷˮмսķҳ棬ŭɶص˭ıڹ컯֮д̡˵Ȼһ٣ⳡͿ̴ڣ̿;Ҫɱ˭ء
ƷһתͿҶСһǣһǣ嵽ǰЦһ㣬һ㣡ƷһԱŲŲ
Ҫﶼе˺СͤеɱȻƴֵ˫ΧСͤչ˼ɱ
ëǳ嵽һ룬ɱֳ嵽ǰ棬ҪܣŤͷһƣ·Ҳɱëǽѣֻܴվһʯͷϡ
ҶСͤпеëߣ߰
ëҶСĺͤµ磬㣡
ҶСܻ㱣ȹԼɣҸȫط
ۼëǲΪҶС켱ˣ⽣ӰëߣֱȲûƷһ书ҪδؼԼҶСȥ
ȥʿеݣһѣݺʿ˸˿ʿʲô
ҶСһã
ƷﲻͷصȲƱȥ书ܸ𣿡
Ϊ˲ܲηȻǼõġǵĿֻңǸһȥȲĲ¹˴ʧˣ
ҶСһû˵ҶСȻſ֡

ϣչ뿪˸˶Զһ˲ɱ֣˭ɵˣ
ϣһ룬ϲ᲻׽ԼҲ֮յϴɣ
չҡͷܣɱҶСй߻пܣᶯμҵ˺ҵˣǻ鷳
ϣҵˣ˭֮ܵɱ֣
չЦĸ尵ûһȺʿҶССӵǣ֪ε˭
ϣתתĻǵǲؼ뿪ˡ
չɫһ˵
ϣЦɱ˵һӣɱ˵Ҳ·ڶ࣬˭б˳أ
չ۵û٣
ϣҧû٣Ҹһֱ֧սţϼңɱҶСáɱˡ
ϣЦμҡҡңĴң벻Ҷɡʱǻ¼ɣʲô˶ᷭҶɴȡ
չ˷ܵصǻضԪˡѲˣǱȻҲΪϲҶ˵лһ
˶һۣ˸̰ĹâȻһЦ
֣һҪɿʿһץеĲУ
ģЩ˵ıϵҴķǳɾгһͷһҧңҲòκ֤ݵġοأҲܼİ꽭ɽʿ
ϣͷȥչۺݺݵһڣûͲҪҵʲôƨ
ɱһȻʵЯŵ٣ҶСƷҲ⣬ͤмСʱˮȻԸʬˮɫ죬ʱǱڽǰҲѶ
Щһ룬Щɱ־ͲռˣЩ˺ηȻǴѾ˱ľģǰͺ̣粽ˣһƾһǻ֮Ҳɱ˸൱
۾Ļọ̀ĺọ̀
ؿڼȥûԶЩ
һתҶСĻ̫ˣ˼ļֱ
ûֵ㻹ǿҰɣ
Ʒûǣһֱ򶨵ع۲ƣʱ˫˶ܲأԲԣ˶У˵ĸ࣬ˮʯٴС
Ʒüͷһ̵ǰ
ŮûаӡϷ۵˫֣˵ǰ͵ǰôΣգǲڴˣЩɱֻҿսô
ƷЦһ߲ߣ˵յͤȥʿסҡ
ɨһΧΣ϶ƷĴȻأҲߣ
ﻹ˵ҶСҲ׹æһߣǾĻˣ߿ߣһҲеŹԹԸ뿪
ʵƷ˾Ȼĵһɱ˫ƶܲأټˮս˵ˮֻϥǣƾһɣշתŲսĵҪԱˣ˫˵ѽƣ
һⳡսȻδҪͻΧʵΣѾˡͻΧĿǰȻҲûʲô⣬˭֪Էûк֣
ͻȻɱһ֧ɽҲúѵ֣СͤͳԴУϰȥȴսߡ
ƷжϵȻ׼ȷģصΣһ¾ͻΪأΪСֻЩһʱκС˵ġ
ƷǰҶСＰ伸ںʯ׼УɱֿҪأȻ֮סá
ëǼȲӣ֪첻ãվһʯΪѣɱҲû˾һʲôҪɫԼֺвһʱҲǰкһ˹رʯϡ
ʱҶС˸ϵëǴϲæˮȷŹƷɽλ漴ˮҶС򰶱ӣ磬˰سǰɣֻҪһߣЩɱ־Ͳˡ
ҶСķ裬ʲôѵɨǣЩɱֶģڻ֪ǾҪɱ˭ء
ҶСϲȵˡιҵȡسǣЩɱΪ˭һȻɢȥºҵ·ǣ
һ˽ϵس򰶱ߣҶС˫Ÿո̤ϵ棬ûվȺŸдеĴоͷһĺɱ־ٳӵ


47 
һ·ɱͻںмսǼ˶ʱһżҵɱҲһǺܿŪ˵ңҺôɫ벻׶ѡ
ǼϰȥԮżɱּ˲֪ԮҲԺˮˣʱͻɱѾҶС˵ĽǶ̱ӣչ˼ս
ɽһʼ䷭ɣ书ӭУһͱˡν书ھܹעϣȫǿһּ˸գữա
̫ڣǲܴУȻҲͻסȫǼ⺷ӲԵǹ룬߱ǿھ
ֳЩɱֵȻû书ԱӭУվ㣬ɱ治ջڵơ
ʱλѾȫûиַ緶ˣӣ߬һڵ˫۵δˣǿûд˵塢ǹı£ϡҲˡ
ƷղѣɢߣҪңѾ֣ȻЩɱǳģɱֺͺɱֶһͳһĿ꣺ҶС죡
ҶСҲˣ˫ѽɨģĶͻȻðôɱ֣ΪηҪأ֮УƷʵǿȻҪƷ
ƷɢҶСţƤɽ󣬻רɽתתȥȥֵƷڱɫ
ҶС죬뵰޹ʣҪٸǷǣҸɢȥգٸңģ͸
Ʒ仰һڣҶС֨һϽŵĨͣɽˣ֮ǰ߰˸ɱ֣˫һ֣Ҳͣˡ
߷ߵصߣμҵˣŲҵ˱
ҶС֣߷Ȼطȥ״æҲ˹ҶСҽеιйҲӭɱֳȥ
Ȼ򣬸ϽһҶС죬бȥǾֻ룬зһɱһӻɱ֣֧ȴչˡ
ʱҶС߶Ϻļ׷ɱ־ҶСǳֿȭٿȻɫΣͷһֱҶС߱ȱȻʵɱǸһеëͻȻһֵȥ
һһһһȻȫʽԣëĸߴ󣬵ۻ룬򵥡׾ӵĵʽȴҲôõֵģ˳޼ѰԼ֪һҪôһȭʦζ
ЩгĻʹֲôһģһʱ׷߱ܣëһ
ߣ
ëǴæŤͷУҶСһͼˣƽĶۣдδëǵһֻǳججһӵĻˡٺദվãһֵܸ飬ⲢӰëǵۣһǴ
ֱڣҶСֿλĲɡ䲻ͣ˲ƴڻҴһЩЦϣֱ޿ȡ֮УϾͱ˼зʬˡ
ҶСë˵žҪȥ
һѽסеӣ
鼱֮СҲСҶС쳶˼ҶС֣ҪȥëǣɫһصĶ⡣
ҶСһȵߣ˵ԽͷҲصɱֽٵķȥСﵹǺģûжҶС죬ٴץסҶС죬ȥķ׷ȥ
ëװţߣ߰Ͻߣһߺһ߰еĻ硣Ͼû·һڵơ˷ꡱЧƺˣʵɱУֻǱ˵˽
ҶС켱ͷͼëǰһڵӵ÷ɿ죬һƥĵһѡһѡһѡһѣһַȥɱ񱻽ʯſľˣӵ˻ȥ
ëҶС˺ѷεؽһֻļʱһʹ
ɱְѾǼ׷ҶС⣬ҧתҪţһҪţŲܱ
ɱǣ
һȺɱֳˣһͷȥһʵˣһ˶͵棬бأҶСϽһקԼߡ
ɱһգһ٣͵ֹסƣյһһƥ㵹
СϸҶСҲֲĶȥһʵˣ˶ñضϣֻΪǶ⣬ܱܹһ
书ҶСһʧȥģһˣڶ㲻ˣҶСһˣҾҪ
ҲɫҰףһбӰˡͷ֪ģûȥһŤͷҶС졣
ҶСӭĿ⣬ȻһЦ໰˵Ҳ˵ˣԭЩʵ˼һɲǻǱͷĴ̼߽ͳ죬¶ͻȻ֮յ͸ޱȣʲô˵Ҳ˵ֻսҶС֡
ֵϮ壬δϸ˿ɫҰףر۾һʲôˣΨһֻбԼ۾
ҶС죬ץҶС֣߬ýģһֻ̣üһЩĵͷϰǻһİɣñ˿ʱôǣ
뵽ЩЦҲ΢΢ǣһĨЦ⡣
ﬣ
һըǸɱ˼һֻСֳˣһˮĳ
ѾĳһĻڣҲǽʵؼãĽӲصĵǱضϵġ
ֻеת˼ѣ˼ײ漴ǳֽ˾ͷӶһһƹһһմߣÿһһʺ
ĿѣۣоЩԾס۾ſһһ֣һĿɿڴģȻЩͣʵδţۣۣۡ
ÿһнһۡҶСվǶĵСĵ㲻Ҫ㲻ҪӲӲ

ɱһȵŮӣŮӽϼ⣬ڵϵǣԾ˻һ˫۵ŴСеҶСΪβİͬ
⽣˵ŮӺȻڬBãУôϴģѹҶС쿴Ҫĵˡ
ڬBøϻʱɿһҶСյС֣ʱĵҪ˵ڵȴŭһʡ
Ů˳ǲֳϵġ


48 
ڬBñǾͭʣ͹֮µģĿǰݵλ˹Ҳû̫Ļء˼죬Ȼ˵ͩȥ˹Ϊ֣ͳסˡ
ڬBüϵȻҪȥСҶС죬֪ҶСȥ˻ϪڹظʷᣬͼС졣
ҶСһʣɫʱһǴˣİߣȻֻǶһˣٿԵʮãëҲδؾͻɥ
ڬBüҶСȦһ죬֪ԵʣǲʹӡʱɱƶسڬBҲҾһ书ٺãҲ޷⼸˶ȫϾУҲʹʮֵս
ߣ
ڬBûҶСбȥιรɣãһ࣬ҲǼõġ
ڬBҲֻǶѸݣԷڬBóǰߣȻڬBö֡ǶϺ󣬻ҶСսˣһϡ
ϻ߰мͣһҲж£ǳἫΪڬBһ·Է㶼УȻҪȿҴ
ټһҶС죬ʵҲֻ̫ҶСȵĴȣĴȣûطŰˡ
ٻسǣ
ڬB÷Ըһ䣬ʣһ
ҶСվ
ڬBúһĵʶ࣡
ڬB߹ȥмˣߣٿұߣʱصΣСӣһǸˮŮ˼ֱΪȻ˶
ұŮӿһ۷·峺ĻϪˮٿһ۷·һöƻ毺õ̬εס崿һ˵ζ
۵Ȳұ߹ĽȲ߹ҶС˵֮ż죬λ˼ɫΪ飿
һȥһҪúˣڹźݣһЦҽǣ
΢΢ףֵصǣ
Σ
ڬBúȻֱԼҲȲ˼ңʱЩӢˣȥ֮󣬻ǲҪ۸ˣ˰ʱҪСӺġ

ҶСλлзнգҶСڽϣԴ̽⡣
ƥۿĽųӱɣڳ൱ļЧеأҶС߻ЩԾ
ϺʿѾס׷⽣ӰԽԽԶΣѾԶ룬ͷıȴԽԽء
ӲëʲôãëߣֻǳȻ꣬ȴԶԻƷɵĿأҲԶصĿء
ǻʵۣëǾߵһŪϲȴأһʵܿҶС죬κһ˵ıܷӦ
ȻΣͷȴëǾҶС촥󡣲ûëǣҲδ⣬ȱΪëǺͻƷɰ£һͬʡ
ԽǲӹëǣʱԽӵѹͬܵ⡣⣬ػ䡭
ټ϶ҶС첢㺣Ժ̹ʿʣȻˣǺһһƽĻһĵһҵĽ档
ʱǺȻҶСϵᡣж᲻ᵯżᣬԶŮ˸ڬBòԼͬرͣǲڴʱЩеûȥ
ƷɻԡѪسϰëߣɱѾ׷ҶСȥˣëǹһѪ֮СƷɰѵڵëǵ壺ëë
ΣëƵ۾ƷɴϲëסҴȥУ
ë¶һ˿ҵЦݣΡСаһ
ƷɺģģһģëסҴȥë
ëǻۣߴһ˿źЦеڽɢȥ
Ʒɱë

ڬBѾȥҶСסݽ˳ǣֱͣסڬBʱİھӴʱѾһ˵ϵһԸȥϪ
ҶС˳߽ԺӣҲݣԺһֻʯշؿ档ڬBúۼɫĿ£һʱǰ
ߵҶСߣһˣ࡭
ҶСһ£ڬBãɤӵôˣ
ڬBü۾죬δ⸱ģЩ£ӵصյϢ˵ͩ˹ʲô㣬Ҿ͡
꺮
ҶСĿâһ£ŤͷصȥֻҪǹϣûпɿ֤ôشɣвϣչۣһĸҲ飡
ؼҶСЩæǣְȥ飡
תת߷ߵصһģ㲻ǵôôģ׽װˣ
ҲգȻҲҪˣ
μҺȻûĻҲͲҶ༸ͷ˵ûôҲװģ
ҶС컺صᣡ
ﲻصΪʲô᣿
ҶСΪҵĵλ£ȴûƷĻ£ΪҵֵǮ
ӣҶСҲ˵ˣôšҲ֪˶ãԶ˺˻ҶСվԺӡ
ʱؾӴԼϮѾΧ˸ˮйͨ岽һڡʮһڣԲ֮ڣǵľ䷶Χ֮ڣδ٣ȻضԼˣҶС̲סӭӭ
ҶСӭһŭŵɽ軨ǰѾ˻Ʒɼ۵ӰͣסŲƷһҶС죬һף첽ӭ
ҶС죬û˵Ʒӭ磬ë
Ʒе⣬ҶСһһ˿ϣҲˡ
Ʒɵ͵͵ضҶСҳϰʱ˵
Ʒһ£˵ֻźûȺӳ׿ڽһ
˵ƷȪӿҶС͵תȥˮӯۿӳŭɽ軨˫ĿƺҲȼһ
Ʒɵĵص磡
ҶСȭͷ߬߬ýģβűЦһƷɣ˵ֵܣӺؿʼһһεı˿ӣΪʲô
Ʒû˵˵ֻдˣ˿ӹϸһ룬ȻҶСĶڿӰԼˣһҶС£
ҶС쳤³һһһصֵܣ˲ݣţ


49 е
ƻ裬Ϧбգհеӳ÷·һŻûĴĵϦմͩһӣ߽ǣϦհ˴ϳһӰӡ
ͩһװᡢӢ߰ʱӢջһЩĿӢ˵Ůٸķġ
һƥߴ˶ϴźöӡӡҰѼһͷС򣬿ǽض顣
ͩûиϻסһԼ˼λѽ¥ƣʱֱȥ¥
¥ѱˣ¥ﲢûƿͩ͡Ұζ¥ƹģԸõŽýĲŵŵŵ¥
Ŀ˶żйʾɽ˾Ȩӵܣ˼˸˼ࡣΪżڵͭʸ˼˸֮һ
һǧ꣬˭˭һûݹϵ˾˼ǲƽģټһݣ˾˼ܹȢĶ󲻹ʮңģҲ൱һӡ
һԶĽġıģֻҪ飬ܲ鵽Щ߹հƵݹϵѾмҵүȵˣɢ¥ϺȲг
ͩ¥ֵλȵ˰ͩʧʧˡ
һϳżഺЦˣôʲôͩϸ磬һȥԣջΰ
ͩˣˣ磬飬ȴҲûԵʲôöЩѰҰζֻС۵ĺܣտ˵¾ƣѷԸˡ
һ۷үһ˫ȣ޺ϣͩ㲻Ҫȥˣƫطͨ˴˿ڳܣǽͳأʲô޿ԣϲյ÷ҮȥͣҴɽߣǶѰ֮
ͩЦఢֻ֣ϲԣԵʲôһֻֻһֻʲôأȻֻǺ棬ԶȥðգǾʹɲˡ
ͣӸ˲мһֹһ䣺ѹԼϵԼϴĵλˣȴƨҲҷţҷϣ
ĶͩùϵѣȻ֮Ǿ˼ҵĿˡԶһЩ˲Ϊ֮֮֮ƣҪʴʡ
ҺԱ߼˻ģʾ죬ͩ΢΢һȣûϯˣǿջЦصȺ͡
ǼλүЩԲסͩѰЩ졣ά֮£¥Ҳֻ
ͩڻϤдҶСʧܵϢ֮뿪ϪǵΧߣƵɽҰУΧȥˡ
ɳȥЩɱԭͲߣʱȻңߵĶǿԹ档ⳡһԼõģдʧܣٵɡɹ칦硣
ȻɱҶСȱɹˣ൱һʱڣҲֻһܹܡˡιҲǣУܾܿҪһˡⲢ⵱һ칦硣
°ܣͩЩģͭʱѾҶСֶθе㻼˿Ҷ֢ʱҲ֪ԼôôȻʿ
ãдȻʧܣȴ˺֡ҶСһ˽⣬˲ǹű֪֮Լ˹ɰԼҲΪ֮һһղȷͲ֡βȷأ
ͩ΢Цʱ͵룬ｻһЩȵ˵Ĺӿۣ̻¶ظÿӻű߸쳣Ļ֡
Сñϵ黨ΧȹĻ̧һܾ͵Ĵʳʳϰһͷȫ⿾һƬƣһʳָ󶯡
֫߰ͷ­ֻϵźﻹż̵ˡ״ʳܵĽǣֱʢպϡǵԼֲ͵ӡ
ͩЦСܽԵͷˣȫ̧λУݣ½־ӳСܰͷ׸½Ʒ
Ǿ״ʳ±߱ȣŵʱǰİƽģСȫ̧ͩǰͩ԰̽ӣץǡ
վھ״ʳߵĻ˽ǵұߵС˫֣ƺҪͩסͷ˫ֿͩ˫ʱָȴŪƵһһֱͩͷסķ٣һصؿھ״ʳߵϡ
顱һ죬ڱͶˣһС漴˽ǵͩĺԡۣһɾ䣬ͩûκηӦһغ
һ˾ôˣ˼򵥣ɱ˵ˣȻ侲ᣬ޼ɵһʱүˣһ仰˵
¥϶ʱСгֵǸſ֣ΪԲͩĺԣϸɸɾһѪûС
СվľˣȻһЦһЩӲĺҼʸλүã
һ˵˸λľˣʵڱǸĺܡҼ˵ܲҹͲҹˣȥˣźñۡ
㡭Ǻôĵӣ֪֪ɱʲôˣఢѹͰ͵˵һ䣬СһЦ
ͩΪүλ½ү׳һӣƾǵΪҿ԰ǧУСһЦ
ۼһĻүͷһĨںţЩЩǲģǿóСĴ̿¶΢ЦȷưҲвš
ȫЩӸү˵ĻЩү޸֮ˣ¥дֻ֣ҪкһϾܰзʬ
ǴǵЦݣǵ񣬸һ˿η壬ǷǳƽȫĮôĮһ˵Ŀζѳ߲Ӧеĸ顣
ÿҶʿʿԺԥΪȥȴҲ顣ǲֻΪǴС֪ǻžΪгһȥ
ǵһСǵˣȫ˵֮УΪ˶ǲܵõ࣬ûһ˿ĺôҪʱֻȥ
СĴ̿ȴʱ򣬾ûŻȥκвǴһֻϲڵȴ
ʲô˶һȺµķӣǵֲʮֶָԴķӦʵëȻఢ½ү֮Ц޴룬ۿת̹Ȼ¥ߣȴһ仰Ҳ˵
Ѿ¥ݣֻҪүһ󺰣¥µʿǾܳСܻ׽ǴΣеүһԲ
ķӻжٸǲȷǲȷԲǡۿСƵӰǵߣఢ̲ס׳һ䣺㡭ǵ˭
Сվסˣһ˵ǵˣҶ
һСܺĵѣȽңλүٳš


50 ˣҪԼһ
ͩˣĿ֮£ڶ磬ǾͶ̸ˡ
ٹ£
һɱ߱ҶСɡҶжΨҶС졣
ҶСôµ£ʱڳȨӵǻɫͼӴ׵ÿ˶֪ҶСĲεĲη
ηκ֮Ҳܾ֮ǻʲôв˼ҵģÿһ˶Ϊ֮ͷʹͷݵ⡣
һ£ֻҪκһϣֻԼӰΧţ˿κݽӽ㡣
µǣ˶֮ǰ֪˭κ˶Сñɱ㣬ֻ£ͱˡ
Ҫǲʱͻһ·ˡһСһۣƽͳӣ侲ذͱȻ̹Ȼر˶⽴붼˷
ڶ㣬ҶСʱ˵Ǿ仰ǻȽҡʲô˼ΪʲôȽңϪǳҵĴɱȻҲܿͱˡ
ǣǾͩ򡣺ȻҶС컳ͩǻϪд̵֮һΪʱĴ̿ȻֻһĻȻҲֻһˡ
ô̵ʱڣҶСȻܲôȷͩ֡ûȷѶɱˡҶǺܰԵŵˣ˾㲻Եţ㶼˼˴к
ǣԵŵҶСֵزҲ̫˼˰ɣΪɣûκ֤ݣͶˣǿͩʮĴ˾񣬲һֻè
ӣһµķӣһȺɽķӣ̫ˡ
µ˾չۺͲϣҶСֶ̹ûҶСܱô׺ݣݵǵսľĵز꺮ʲôɣɱҪСĶˡ
꺮ˣôأȽңζңΪҪ֣չһֱЩƤƵĲϣȻֶܾΣΪòϣʵڲӡ
չۺȻޱĽϣϲ̫Сˣ۳Ķдǰӵм䣬û˿üշ𣬷˵ˡ
չԼأΰߴ󣬴󲿷ͰͷܲȰɣչɴͲˡ
ϣ¿ӲʺӲƫ˼ϳŻ˼ȦǾĸߴǻܣߵĶֻܿüЩӰﻹʱĵ
ĵع죬ܲһˣʲôصҶľƣԷ㣬˯Ҳ޷ôȥ˼Ҷ֣ԼҪԼ
ǣϲܿʼѧչԼס̶Ѩһ㣬ŲŲߴĴҹ㡣
ʱչȴ˼ˣչڴƱĻ£ƺƵ˲ϣסƣ֪˻ΪҲϣġ
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չǺǺЦϲôСģڲܸǾ԰ȫģչ۾Ͱϰٺ˲ܸ⣬߽˲ܸһȥžһˡ
ܳ٣ŲǶԵġ
һϣչ۾Це˵ôһ䡣ĵνţڲϣǰҪһݲȵӣһԽС
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ϣ˽֢Ƶķ겻չôеĲԱչǰˣô׳ӳȥ죬չȴһֱڼװչӡ
չ۵˭ĵ̣ǰҵģҲǳ͢ġҶС˺Ϊһλ˾ڷλ˾Ųó͢ںεأðںεأ㿴ŰɣϵĻұһҳ֣˵һ֡
ϣ˶ʱ˸˸Ź⣬ݵշ˺⣬ͺʥո¯˫Ļ۽𾦣԰չеôҺ˾˾ٶ
չ΢΢һЦûУҶСԾǷˣζԸһӣȻҲҪһ¡
ϣһַ֢ˣĻҪãˣҪøݣ
չۿ˿οģܳҲݲĶȥˡ
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չųȻ¶һ˿ЦݣȻǣʹүӺͳºֹͣ㣬ǰ֣
ҶС˳۵λ̰ʹ˾Ѿα𴦣ε̰ʹǳ´ˣȫº
ϣɵصôһȥ˾ԩǵһӢɾȫˣ״óɣԺǸҲûˡ
չԼİ׺ӣ˲ϣһۣдʲôʱɸˣӱ꣡
ϣؿԼ˵֢ٶȷ㾿ô㵹˵
չŲӣҽ㣬ȴ⵽Ϯ˵Һ˾ܰôɲͩͩھ¥֮У̿Ϯȴǹ컯֮»ƴٺ٣Ҳģ
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չ۳صضһڲ裬¶ɯ΢Ц
չҵİڲܸǰûɢ߶ͷӶǶչ۵ĸԶͨչұѵ;ȻҲͬ
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ڹ֮£Ǹûܵأʸᴩ壬ܼμػŲкɣûκηء
ҽ˷չǶ޴㣬޴㣬ܼļʸ壬㲻ܶҲ壬Щʸڲܸϣôһ㣬ҵֻʯʨ򶼱һֻߵ˸ҿš
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һչ챯׳ؽһᵶǽڣɺδˣһֱ֦ͣ͸󾱣ֻʣһؼ
үү²ãſڡſչҵϮ
ϣڵһ¾վһչ۰Ȼ溬΢ЦԼ˸ɵģ
չ˿ڲ裬΢Ц
ϣüΪʲôڻسʱ֣ǰ֣ҾҪҪҲ棬Եúûӣ
չЦسʱ֣һҶС˰жţô죿ڲõĻᣬһҺ˾ڵҶСĿʵҶСޱҪҲ޵ͬʱս
չ˵һڲ裬˹صܳٲӣɶȥװҶСˣһ˾ͰҾӲܣ
ү²ãչҡչһٶˣ
ϣһ˴ָضչ۵˶ҲϣֺչһȣʵǡжƵԼôݵˣĳ硣
չ۶ϣжŲ豭ɯ΢ЦϣѾʯˡ


51 һ
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¥д̰ϣֻɱһˣҴ̿ȻǵҶܱ֤ҶλһҶС죿ȨǼֽ̬ȡ
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˾ĳºһסˡԭطǨ˾꣬޷Ӧ޷졣ԭУҪ˵پ߹׵£ǳһֻһһѹɱ˵İӶǴ󰸣ΪǾΥƷ
ԹȻڴԳԹҪٸǼǲ֤ģԹҲ
ݵط˾Ͻ£ȻûأԻŹǵĻƣҪǼ˱ŹڳƣǻԻ𣿷һӹӹɱˣɱһٶˣս
дҰ˾ҮҲ飬ⰸ漰˭Ҫһ鵽ףֻҪץ֤ݣҳºŹ
̨˷ŭˣɫһӣ̨һѲ˾Ϳ쵽ˣ˰֮ʻƻ񣬳ĳҶ̨
̨˰ָ˱µͷϣְѲǳöþӡ͢ڴ˵оפģȻֻԵפһ֧ǧ˵ľӡ
һ֧Լˣְں侯úսӽӣжϲܾϽǾ̰ʹ˾ı
̨˾ȶ֧άֹΰҵ֤Ҫʵʩץʱ϶Ҫָʹ˾ӣ֡ò¡
֪ҶСɵģһոձΪϮ˾ˣĿ˻ʶҲõһǰ֤ݣˣ
̨֮ߣþûص̰˾Ĵϡ
̨ŭˣҶС첻ѰˣȻĺҶСͽףվû̶ץˡʵٷ참ȻҪ֤ݵģִô誡
ʱܶʱ참Ҫ֤֤ܲֻҪһ㣬ҾͿץ㣬֤֡
һ㣬Ǹʱ۶ͥͥͨõƶϰ취ҶСôͲͨƶϷˡ

ĶչҵˣΪʲôҪ˵ǲѪҲܼôд
ϣİڵСʱһƬɷףŵˣŵˡҶСľѾȫϣ뵽ǰȻ׳ӳȥƹȻΪмʮڼߴܾܻס¶ܳһ亹
ҶСԶùǰ϶Ҳ԰Ϊʲô֣ΪʲôϣΨһ뵽ģèϷҶСʮɵİɱֻǲʹȥԲƷζؿ־塣
һ뵽һ㣬ϣͷƤϾ쬵ظо硣ʵǱӰ־ˡҶСڲ֤ûе˿֤ͩʱڻϪ֮󣬾֣ô̧ܸ֣ͩɵ˼
һҪٸ֣ЯԹĽǣǴһܱģҶСҪҲҪʱ䡣
չϣ²۸о̶ܴ޵ЦѪѵǷڲܼſڵѪǲܼҵ˻չҵ˺Ҫô⣬չ´˶֣ܼҾͻһԥ֣
ϣչ۵ôߣ
չ۴ŭߣôߣϷܼҵĿˣҶӾţҵˣ߲ȥˣѵӻù
ϣĳȻǸ˼ɡչˣڸô죿
չ۶ȻٸͰӣǾˣô죿Ǳʲôð죬Һ͹ٸһ棡
ϣˣⲻǵļƻôȻִϲƫЧһģЧǿ˵ϡʲô˼
ϣ׷ʵʲôð죿
չصֻɱɱô
ϣȻ򣺡ţչж
չ۵û⣬Ҫʱֻһ
ԼĲ»ʲôԸһˣô˵ȻǴڲܼҲˡȻչͷãϣϺÿ͵طԸܼңɨͷչס£
չ۵ͷҲҪһĵطúԸҶӵĲԣչ۸ҪٲߣϣַԸһˣǿѲ꣬ҹѲߣȫڸǽ֮ϣκԽӽˣɱۣ
չƲƲǣһ򣬶ϣƵĻԸˣžϣ˻طʶ룬Ըկ˵ң
չվס˽ŲңͲܴȥչһˣҲ
ŲϣԸ˼ǿ䱸˴ӦļΪˬʱ˵Ҫ뿪ۡϳţ¶ɫ
չ۴ģΪô£Щֻţ涼ǹٸˣǶڰаһߡ
ϣˣĶŲֱ뿪˭ܰ͵ͣ

쵶İУʹ죡ʹ죡жɷ𣡡
յص˾ֻʹ죬ʹ֮ôأ
쵶ɵã˰Σεصﰡʲôʱܶһ㣿
Ҳ£ôˣҶɵôǰѱά˶Ƶ˵һ㻹жɷ㲻£Ҳ£
쵶ر⣺˵Ĳ£˵˵
Բ˵ѵ
쵶һľȻС°һ˵Ĳ𣿡
쵶ͷصԣ˵úܶԣ
Сõ°Ͱĸˡ

ϢͨѪȻϾ֪ˣ֪ϸڱȸոĵظϵֳĲǻҪࡣ
üһӽżҡܼҡչУְѹٸ͸˾Ƶ˵һߣôʵ̫嶯ˣңһı󶯣ڲõĻᣬɵʮʮ꣬Ҳ˲ƺ
˵ŮĪʱ¸Īȫûеɽ
ѵվͬһϣǳϲ룬Ҿô嶯һˣӦΪصͬߣһϽԨ
һۣ㲻ô࣬һأأùȥҽǧȥˣ㻹ʲôˣ
üôãĻж󣿡
ɫ˰ΣŻصһ


52 ţ
ˣͩϣչȷʵɣҲų˻ˮ㣬ôҵì¶ˡǲȷϪд̵һеһɱһͩѾðʧˣԲϣչ׷ɱĻǲǡ
ؿĵȰţѧûΪ˵˼ֻ˶ѰˡɱһͩѾҪżҵķӦ˾Ѿɻͭʿƾ棬ϣչˣֻ߱ӻϳָÿƺǵأʱʯļƻض裬ˣСҴı
ҶС̧ͷֱıııʲô
شһҶСֵԼֵܶ޷ȫ˶Ϊ𣬻ҪЦ̣װ£ôıȨıкã
ګګصӱʮ겻
ҶСնصҴͲǾӣ
ԶԡҶСתƷɣƷҶСⷬӶˡ
ҶСչۺͲϣҲ˿֤ǵȥɾ͹ˡǾͲʲô޹ĺˣɱŹ
Ʒ˵ͷԸ⡣ҶС΢΢۾ػصΪչۺͲϣڻô
غܲ޳ҶС첻һеıΪôҪеѹ̫ˣһӵλ˾ΪĴ˾
οһҲȨķ뾯裬ԸոճɽҪȽŸҶС˵ܲ
ҶСȻһУΪҶСĻţҲֻԼĲԸ龫ǵΪıߡ룬ѧΪչۺͲϣģ㡣
ҶСƽص˵ͷеңĲ˵
صһڴĿֶΣӻϳΪǲȫ
ҶС۾룬ʵڶأ
صǲԴеģҪǵҲһԱ֮ʩԴ֡
ҶСЦЦţܻ֣ܣٴζ֣
غܲ޳ҶСּ򵥴ֱۣûǼ˵˵ΪѾȨ˾ȦһƥȺ֮ѧݽգԭֻԹ۵Ļһվڴ˵Ķ档ѧΪչۺͲϣŹᣬһøʩѹ
пܣ
ҶС˵ͷһɵ£ʱһʿ߽ݣҶС쵥ϥ¹򣬶ʩˣ˼λԳĹ

Ͻ˾
밲л˾
İˮﲻ
ҶСķٶѸȨǶŵˣд˲ëǵ£ֵܣôͭڼңڬBþܶİִ񣬹мӣҪҲֻڼҵһ񣬵λԵȡ
ԣǶҶСķٶڻϪպķ񱨸˲ƺԵһˣʵ̫Σˣ˭ұ֤Լ;ԲᷢͻϵĹǾȦĺȺ֮ݲã
ǣǲԼͬ˰ҡ˭˾ţΪǭشССλ˾Ӧغô£Ҳֻ
Ҿ޴Ĵڣ·ȨƼү˵ġҶСǸȶӣĻ˼ҾӦô죿
үӱ˫Ŀ׵λϣλҴȲΣȴҲԶһӸߴү棬ĺ;޴ЩɱӺݡ߹ֲ㲻㣬û˻Ƕ۾·Ѿ˯˵ˣֻһߡ
ࡢߵĿ߽ˣ߿˽˵ĵԽԽ˰ĿλԱ۾ƺڴϣ쳣ѹ֣׵İϵͰӶձĸо
ãүſ۾һĿǳ΢Ȼڽʱע⵽£Ծܵ˵˵Եü΢񣬴˵ȴ漣ֹͣˡһ溮ķ磬˲ӿĲαһ龲ֹı

үӻһһ죬ڨڨվҲһֶ֣úұȽϤ˵ǽ˿
ʱҽˮƽԶزҪִߵĶ࣬Դʱϰ߸ͼ纺飬顱ǡκ̫ذС귥ĵ̩С̡ТССԨСϪʯСɣǰɵСͳ
ӳʩһ񣺡游ˡ
үӻصȥҶСһˡ
ǣ
ӹ˳˴˾ʱ¶˷ܵ顣үڲˡ˾棬ҶС칬ĺӣҲñλϷүѹָɽ£

ΪȰ֣
ͷԴ˵Ǽ򵥣̸˺죬Ÿί˵⣬ҶСȵ⡣
ҶСͬչԣұ̶Ĳô
ǣļƻֻչ֣𲽽ƣչܼ֮սܼ֣ͯҽǣƣֶһͭżҡʵϻԶԶֹΪѾŭʸ֮ģǡ
ҶСЦЦֵܸչκͲϣ
ͷ¿ӣüһ˵ҶСһһٵ˵һ䣺ңҾʮ꣡
Ҷˣ㡭
ҶСĻƽصҵһǣңҺĿǰҲδʽˣҿԾʹֵģ֮ǰ飬Ͼǣ
ҶС񣬴˵ҶСĵȻ޴档Ȼ֣ǰƽʱܺͻܽṇ̃ͨСϰǵţأ
˵ˣҲǴˣ֪Ҫ˵ĻǷϻ˼ҾʱҲȥĬãͳ𣬵ҡ䲻ˡ£Ҫϸһ£
ҶСͷֵҶĳĻҶС˾̬ȣҲ޻˵ˣĬĬվҶСͬͳȥ
ߵԺſڣЦһҶ
ʱԶһɧһѭȥƬ̹һʿ첽ҶСˣˮҳӰ˼
ҳˣ
仰ʱһ˷ܣһ˫ĿҲӯӯͶעҶСϣҵ㲻˾أܲɣҲɣ


53 
һʿڳϣм令һͬ˾óӶ㶼ŭ֧ͬľȻ쳣⺷ɫȴֻǴֲڵ
嵶ʶûУҿ嵶ʽһоɣе̿ڻͭĥһЩ״λȴźصºۼֻѴмˡ
֧ҶС棬ȥҵġ
ǰһ·ڣ·ԵլΪĲͬլǽ߰Ҳͬߵ͵լǽ棬ͻȻ֮ԾˣҶСӶԥ˹ȥ
д̿ͣˣͳһ󺰣εΧǽһЩŽ˿ںԼϺڻһЩ£
ӴţߵΣǽðĴ̿ǣġпλöˡ
ǣһּգ˼̵ĺȵǶһ̿Ŀâһȵϼ˵壬ɱȥ
ǽɱ׷ԽǽγҶСӼ
·ɱչۺͲϣǲдʿɱƴһ֧̿Ͷ飬ӵеĹޣȻزȡˡնжмʸҶС
˭ҶСѾЩ׼ޱȵڳͽļʸλεضǶʸļ˶Сּʸ¶ϾȻǼӲľһĶȥһҪɱҶСֻг忪ߣֱȡࡣ
չҵʿһؽӵҪôҶСҪôѾû·ԸͬҰǣš۾ȥ˫ɱһ𣬳ִңǷ׷׾߱ܣһʱɹ
ǰһӳǰձڴͣסһƳֺţ¾Цӭ˳ֵ֪λ˵˰
ߣҶСͬʱһƨ뿪λȻֶԷҲվֲԼͬ˻ȥ˻࿴΢Цǿͣ룡
ҶС˳糵Ѿ飬롣
һ˫ĵĴ۾ӯӯֻĻӦöԽԶԽãȴҪˡδֻҰæǲһЩ룬ĿǰĴ棬Ƿҵģɲֻ˳糵
ҶСҲ΢Ц֪飬һỹֻµһʱѾˡ
ĬƬ̣ĵصϼн꣬ֻǻӻһΣɰڴһ٣ǡðա
ҶСЦãףԣһ᲻֣Ҳ㡣Σҳ飬ֻҪҲܻỹģ
Ц˵ЦˣбױˣҪҳһãֻǲΪ˰ү֮Լɡ
ҶСȻÿһ˾϶Ƕһ޶үӣ֮Ҷλȷǳ棡˵գҶС첻ٽ飬һƽ˳ȥ
¼ʶ㣬ҶСûһƳǸò㣬ϻżǫѷЦݣһøеˣԺ˽һ
ǰҵĳᱲӵϵҶСѾŽ̤ȥ̩Ȼֵλүͨһ˵ҶС쵽ˣ

У˾趼ûζڵȺʱǼͷӶ죬ȸղŻҪ֣ΪүӻغլЪϢȥˡ
Ρҵļλûλ˹ʸðү㡣Ȼҵļûг棬үȻһֱڿ
үںլԷڱĿʮꡢüĿ续СѾͷϥǰһ˫СȭͷΪȣʱһҶ߽
ʱǰ㣬ԵǼ٣֮ȴ̷˽ŲŵߵүԣүӣҶСˣ
ү΢յ˫һ׷ɿӹһ˿â

ҴſڣҶС밲˵껰һȹ˳ȥҶСʿߵߣ󷽵ذСִϣ橵˳
ҹʶһӳгʱҶСǴҵĳǰͷһ֪ҶСѾŭһôʲô˼
ʱһХ磬ǰһذεӭȥҶСŤͷһæ԰µҪ֣ҵˣ
æʾһ˷У˷첽ϵҶСߣ˵˼仰ҶСɫѿ
̲סʵϮˣ
ҶСͷĬƬ̣΢΢һЦǵѾˣ
仰һδöȻö
չۺͲϣԷǴʱʱʱѡĶáһڻϪ׼ô֣⣬ҶСˣǾ͸öЩʿսһȽ׼ȷۡҶСѾ˽䱸£һȺбϮڳлսپɹİмأ
ٴʱ˵˾ҶСİԵֶв밲үӳʩѹǾҪ֣ҲõҶС찲֮н˵ִٳ֣Щ˾޷ڵ϶ҶСչըˡ
ţ˾ҶˣҴǰһûҶСһ̧ȣ߽˴벽ȹգȵ˽ȥ
Ǹ˶Ǹɫ㡢ֵŮ˶ƽʱʲôطһǴڵĽ㣬ǽ⣬һȥͷ˵ĿⶼҶСϣ鶼һ¡
Уһ־ǡҶС족ÿ˶ֶѺϤˣд󲿷⻹ͷһμҶСĿ
ҶСòĿǸ̡塢šҰաšȫûһ֮ͨ
ÿһڼҶС֮ǰģﶼһ񣬶ǰˡ
ЩСɫǫѷ˿ûαļ󣬳Եʵһģ⸱ģҶ˾ǱǱ̢ǸҶС죿
ҶСһĿͼ׵ǸϣƼȥһǶķҲĴȫ˿
ֻǸ˾һΣ䲻°ˣϣԹ󣬿εϼۡ
ΪأԭǲʲôٶֻҪ뿴лῴʵȴô׿ģ˾үǡ
ţ˾ҶС죬үӣҶСվӣүӱȭʩ񣬵ͷʱ밲үӵģŸոտףȻһӡûˡ
Ȼ侲ôܲšη޹أλĴˣıܷӦ
үӼҶСʩʱ˿ûлȻı飬Щ֡ͤǼҶСһģôҶСȫûзӦ
һ룬үӺȻʧЦˣһ̴磬˭һ̷أʱôãҶС쵱Ȼǵ˭յ˾˭ֻǰλ˾͵յһϵ
Ҫһ˼̣طҪǿߵĵλֻҪ춯صĴ£һ˶̡
˿еģ㶼һݵλҲҶС֮£ǽ֮һҶСӡ


54 ƥ
쿴үӾȻЦˡ
ңΪʲôЦΪýŲɣƾҶС죬Ҳ䣡үֻҪһСָܰ
ǣҪǸǴһӣүӻүӳ棬Ѿ̫ҶСˣ
˾۷׷ףүӳţֻҶС
лүӣ
ҶСŤͷһԱ߲֪ʱѾΣѾ׾లүһԥ߹ȥ̹Ȼ
үӵҶС죬Ϸ˵ͭϡʯϡչ֮䣬еССڰ
˾ϢţȻ˶֪ɱͩȻҶСΪǱϾûκƾݣҶСʸڷϣ԰үӵݣѵǿаָ
ڽţҶСһ仰ôҰķŻ˶үӣ˵ˣšܡչңеССڣǲ֮𣡡
ˣŰүӵ棬棬Ȼˣˣһ˵ǲ֮𣿿
˾֮ôĵģɱҵ磬ɱɱȥɱ˵ʱֻҪϸֻ߸׳ƳҲͿԽˡ
ʮ꣬ҵ˾ɳһǧһôɵİƾʲôݣëûš
˾ŭˣ׷

󵨣
д
бʣ
ҶС조žһӣɫǰң˵ȱ죡
һ˾үǾ͸ӷŭˣ˵ȣǳ˵ȣ
ŭ˸ˣҶС˾ȦǸճڳκһҶûо˼κζԹ𣬴Ҳ̫ľˣԷȥҲֻǸղЩʶ
һԣؿҶС죬ڰүǰô޼ɵҶǣ´Ҳֻˡǡǡ
˰죬ҲֻһࡱĴʶΡࡱҲݲˡүӿһеʱֹ
ү΢Ц֮ĶԹԹһֱȥҲǰ취Ƕһ˾ǧƾһöϷˣ˫㶼֣Σ
ҶСүӣ밲ҲûκιϵүֺαǿͷأүӣҵһλֵܣڻϪʱΪ˾ҶһҪ
үɫ΢΢һٺҲе㲻ˡж겻˾ܾˣʱ̫ãʵǼǲˣڳһڰңǵŸ·档
ү΢΢ãƾͬʱ˾սϷֻҪͣšܡչҾֹݣԹһʽҹҶϢˡɱˣףҲɱ㣡
ҶСϣƽصүӣֵܻʬδأ;ԹһʽҹˣҲδ̫ˣҪɱˣ˼Ҳɱң֪ܹƽ
ûɱʱ˼һһҪɱңүӣϪˮڻǺءԵ߹뾮ƣɱˣϣ
үסˣ٣ȫû뵽ҶСβ̬ȾȻôǿӲ
ȻոҶСȰͣȴҶСӲһֱƵúܡ˾˼һһҶСǰԱ컨ģҶƽˡ
һ˾಻סȵүӳͣҲҾܾΪһֵܣҪķ˾սҪǧĹ𣿡
أʲôأ˭Ĺأ
ҶСҲվͱˣǶģǵƶģÿһ˾˼ҶĶǵߡ
ߺݽںһ𣬾Ƿе˾ŷ֮£ӻԼάǵĹƽҵĹƽأ˭ֹ
˾Цôѵ㻹زɣ
жʱһɧأĴ֣Ҳ˾ǿиأҶСʲôȻ˹
ҶСûɫҲҪأҲһ˾ȨҵĵߣҪҵĵߣŷ
һ˾ҪŷԣĹزҸ룬ôڶΪһ
ҶСҸ룿ڰɣҺλʲô֮ûУгһ֮䷢ս֮ҵףһữΪ˽𣬲ҲᣡһΣͬ
ҶСȻҺǱûв֮𣡿һ١ٶض¶֣ǽҲҵأ˾𣬻׶㱾¶
ԲᣡΪȺ֮ģͲңˣǶңǾ˵޼ɵǻʵţ˾٣Уһôǣ伫
ҶСǰĿ⾼ؿĸ·ҶĳģšܡչߣȻˣǾͰǳȥҶĳҲˣ
϶ʱ󻩣λ˾ȵÿһ֮Ҫ˾ȷӮ
ҶСһû֮ǰ˭ȷҪʲô¶Ҫȷһܳɲȥǻʲôֵõȥģóʲô飿
ҶСЦЦʧܣôŷ֮УͻŲչߣҶô˻ɽҵĲͷȥˣλʲôأ
˾Ц㣡˻ɽ֪֪ȷŭھͿ
Ҳţ
ҶСصλѡ˸ˣ˶ȣһһߵزţģΪҲͬǵҪ󣬾͵ɱðõĺܣҶĳ˵ĴͷڴˣǾȡ
վ˾ô벻ߵ˲֪Ǻˡ
ҶСòǶĨŲˮȻҶС죬С졢С졢Сʱôܳͣô
ҶСһڲˮòǶ赭д˾ֱ˵㣺ʱȥȥȥѻȸ
ҶС²豭ЦһָͷӣҪиӣȻʹͷŷҲҪһӣλܰԼشȥ֯һŷ
ɱңɰҪǵļӣ˺ŷҶĳһӴûйأֵмȻôһ⣬ʵǶ粻в
þδһİүһҶС죬ֵ֪̬̫󣬳͢һԤ͢һ棬¾ͻֲԤϵı仯
үӺ¶㵽ΪֹЩǲ˵̫׵ģﶼҶС˶ȣλ׷ͦصġ
ҶСԣүӺλѾҶĳϣôϢӦϱߣҶĳǷģҪԸͩϣչˣǵ壡
ҶСҲһζɣѪԹѪԣʱҲΰɳ²֣ĳңҩʱҲҩⷬԴУֻ˾šܡչңֻͩϣչۺļ壡
ҶСվͩѾˣвϣչۡոҵ·ϣҶĳٶϮҶȥ·ϣҲû᲻ֻҪҲҶĳͲϣչ۾ͻĵף
סססҿ£ЧʵټϴʱһƬţҶСⷬĻڴлصϢ
ҶСүӳҾһ񣺡лүΪҶĳһ⣡͸ˣ
ҶС˾˸ȦҾȱҲù֪һƸͷʱЧãλˣСçײ£Сǣ
ҶС챧ȭ󲽣˫һ˦ת˳ȥĿ⣬ؿҶСıӰû뵽ҶСô
û뵽ҶС˴ݣߵ˾֮˾֮ûҶСһͱ˵
ϸ·ؿҶСȥκξٶ˵κλֱҶСӰȫʧſڣвһưˮʱը˹
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үĬȻãȻһ̾䣬ȥЩ£ʱҪİ
һλ˾ǰүӣ⻰ʲô˼ѵɵȥ𣿡
үӷ·ûĻүӵһ˫ϣʵ밡ô
ҧ´˾ͻȻãҶСֻδؾͻ˳ᣬһˡɷ̫ʵ̫˰һעͶȥǾɰ׵⡪һ
̫֮ðգһ߻ᣬ˵ȴ˵ˣ
˽սĲУүһʣʹ˾
ӯӯվм䣬һۺ콿޵һȽȽϻմ峺ȪˮΣ
ǸʲôǵüһСŮӣүӵĴѯɲʻش𣡵ǡ
ʧһǡʮֵľ񣬡ǡһ嶸תҲһذ֮ɣ
չ۶СŮв֮ģ»¶߳ŭɱڣ£Ҷģ
ҵȻҶСͭʣѸͷ㣬ȫע֮ǰչͼţ۲ݵĻſǹĴȻ֮һ
Ȼϧ˥΢Ǹκβ
˾ﶼЩΪҶС죬Ǿۼڴˣɱġҹôɫ㡢ǧĵһ˶ôãǶǳʣϼϲޣȻйκʵԵľٶ
ӯӯ˸ūһŮӣ˳˺ޣ˽أվڸϣūҵȻϣҶСɱչ۵ģܱôֻҪˣūǴӢۣ
ҴΪⷬʱ˲ôžͶһǣֻҪҶСɱչۣΪԸ


55 
ҶСĳӰ·Ϯȫӭ˾˻ȥˡ԰ǰһʱչǹҶСڰɱ֧¾Ҫȫʯˡ
ҶС߳ʱѾϵһˣҶСڴĻ·סʱΪѪս˾ѾȫѲ߮ͷһҶС˸ϵٶȳ£׷ƨɺ棬һʱԵøӺƺƵˡ
ҶСصסӭ˳ҶС֪ԼΪٸضӦȥٸ򽻵ˣϹԹٸϤ
ҶСʹٸǱߵصĵصٸϢ̫ð˵̨˷˺ݣҪζ̣Щ˾԰̨˿ǧץƾʵݡ
ҶС˼һ£»Ҫһӣ̨δػڵȥһֱҲƾݣһ̲
صĵصѧĵһ㣬̨ǳ̲͢Դһ̨Ҫ̣ܲܿɣ
ҶС츺˫֣ڷһ󣬺ȻվסŲְػߣԸ˼䣬ɫһ䣬Ȼ̣¡װɣ
ҶСѾ˽زû·ˣ
ҧҧǣѧȥţ
ؼ߳ȥʱ뻪ƷɲƷǸ֣òһڣ£ҶСдѵֿãƷֻͷδ˷ѣԱҶСȥչˡ
ҶСһƷɫУ̲סʵôˣչʲôٶɣ
Ʒҡҡͷչܶ˹һʱʲôٶһʱ˵
ţ
Ʒɵ˵˾ƼֶԸİ취
ҶСȻһȥҡ
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Ʒɵô˵ҴС㵱ֻҪɱչۣί¼޵£Ҳ֪ˣ
ҶСһί¼ޣ޸˭
ƷɵȻǼ޸ɱչ۵㣡
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ػƷɷˣлʵΪһսƷɶ֣ҶС챾ͲŹչۣӦôǿʲô˵֮ǰƷɻΪܸء
ҶСûɱչۣ˸ɱˣʲôʧûУҺչͬھʲôøɱչۣҵĴҵûгɹҲʹһˣ޳ȥĹóȥˮֲǣ۵ң⻹ǺƣߣĽ̵ˣ
ҶС˵ˣλˡ
ҶСûطԸȥ̣
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̣΢΢һ㶣ȻЦˡЦĹֲ˼ģģÿ
߽ãǲ̬ˣ˵ĺÿҶСͷϣȴûһûصǰ鶨һҴҶԸչۣԾ޶ƸΪۣôˣ
һСϱı飺ǵĻ̫Ҹ綼ҺˡֻԸʾлˡҸ˵Ļľ޶ƸԼҲûʲôֵǮĶˡ
ҶСյصǺܳԿ
գգ۾ôԿˣ
ҶС죺ҡҡ
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ҶС촹˶˶ģ
һ仰˵ֻͦ˱ţһSسҶСǰĵ׵ߵ
ҶСͣ˵ˣģҲ˵С㲻Ǵ˶Ļ

龹Ȼչһǽ벻
Ʒһ˵ĻıϣһͷĳỬ󣬱˵Ĵḧţ΢˫ģһֻ߹Ĳ˹è
޺ϵǸӦҲ˹ӦƷ㷢΢Ц˵ȷǸд˵ˣҲ˸һЩֱܹΪã
ƷһۣصСЩҪΪ
ӦЦҾҪһֻХɽڵİ֮ΪһͷҶûĶԸƾʲôȥҵˣ
ƷһЦĵصѽôҪΪ˵仰ôڿȺڣҶСѳʸ֮ģɱûͻȸˣ
ӦݸҡͷУ䣬ȥǰͷ˵ĻɣŹҶСˣʱҷ˳档汣ҶС죬ֻǸͷӷϷŹˡ
үӿΪҶСľΪʸ԰ΣӦվҶС챳󣬸ҵˣӦֵģ
ǻôèȻˣϧֻۣӦèǹˣȴѱһӦϣݺҶСһ١
ƷϣչأôԴǣ˵ǿһԺùأ
ӦȷһԺùֻΪȥιͷͻͷͻҪҸҪֹԺˡ
Ʒ̾˿үǿ
ӦЦԲͦβҵèҵĹ
Ʒ΢΢һЦһ˫ĵһֻè

ҵʿӢȻҲдʧܣȺ
ˡҶСûԼĳӣǿճҲû취

ǣ
˵ʲôͷӳ棬ô˾ڳҶСȻһ㶼ӣǾȻôҶС뿪ˣѵһȺ𣿡
⡭С˲֪

ǣ
˵ʲôȻԼͣҪɱչ̵ۣģҪǸϻ쵰һϵƣ߲Ҳܲңϻ쵰ˣ
ϣϲŭ޳һŭһЦ˽ƢһսսعĶֻԼ˵ʱܸĵʱֻϧͨࡣ
ʱǵľˣϣеǸϻ쵰ǵش˿ãܴˣҷ׷ɱҵ
ϣޣҪɱ㣡
չ۵ǻһһϵƣ˲ңҲܲ㣡Ϊ֮ƣҲͰ


56 һ
ϣҲʲô
չۼѵ㻹û˵ҴС
ϣĻҵȻ˵ˣҲô˭ɱҶС죬ҾӭȢŮ
չϴãܴˣʱô鿪Ц
ϣƨ˭㿪ЦչԼ˵һֱĶЩʲô⣡Ҫɣ϶ǲҶСԵˣ
չ۴ŭӵ۾صʲôѵ䵽㾳أҲɣ
ϣ۰ؿЦ
չͷؽͰ֮±·ҲܸҶСһЩϰɹ˽Ӵж㣬Ҳóζųɣ
šòЩϣֱ˵ˣźӣЩ⶯
չ۳ȴͣͽ֮ԶҶС죬ֻҪٳż죬ȵǵԮˣҶС죿ʱֱɱľӴȸɵ˵
ϣ´չۼۣ̲סЦˣûչ˾ǣ㲻¹ٸ棿㲻°Ҳˣ
չ۵ҶСһͲʮ壿ǵʲôʱܵѲˣ¾Ͳˡ
ϣ룬֮ڣǵһܸϵλҶѲմϢ˵Ÿյ˶Ҫϵ˵أ»ðµʱ䡣
չϲǾͳˣַ鷳ֻҪϵҵԮִǾ͸ҵظһ

չҵܿˡ
ҴСֻҪҶСɱչۣί¼ޡ
չλ˾˭ɱҶС죬ʮͷһ
ﵱȻǸɫˣѵõǣŮ˺һȴ޷ȵġ
Ůܴ߷Ե߹ݾͬһݴҩͺĶܶ񡢲ηһԣ˹顣
ֻϧ˼СѾȷ޶ֻҶСʸ񡣲ĸèɱչۣʸӭȢСġҶСᡢΣһ˾Щһ𣬲ž߱ҴС㹲Ļ
֮չҵûôƣκˣֻҪɱҶС죬ԵõʮܲܡչΪһͷˡ
ΪΪʳͬȻĶȻǻ벫˴ҶС⡣һҹҶСӾͲ·ͼǱҶСסɱˡ
Щ˶ҶСԥشˣܷ˵Чδ֪Ķɱʱ򣬺γǱ˱֮ģҶСֻӼԲ߰ȫˡ
ߡ
˵ˣҴ˾ͺãǰ˺׳ƺһСıܻЩۡ
ҶС΢ЦŵͷǰǸ̬誵ٸϷ߾ĺΣֻøĿڵǣˡ
ٸմдϪǸе״֮һһ뻯ı֮λ°֮һɵĵϵȫ⵽ϴ
ϪʵδеķѣΪļ̳ие²ڴ֮ǰѳޣ˻߲֮һһλķˡ
Ϊ͸еʦͽϵȫһǱɳȣøūҿҶСֽȣһҲŵӳ죬ԶҶСһ˸м㡣
ҶСҪľֻһ£ϣչ۹û취ϵĻǲֻڴլҳеģ϶ҪϳԮԣһҪɵǣֻҪɵһʣµǸҲʧȥԵ
ϪվֱӣڽɳȶӵУú㲣˿δȫָԪЩ԰ףɲ԰׵ȴΪҶСһ˼ĺ⡣
ÿһܱ߸εĹƽ̵ӣеٹ⣬οҶСȫһлĶ¡Ϫ׵˷ģһʹ
ҶСͷϪ㹧誵ȥ
ҶС쳤˿˫һţذϡһҲһ١߶ע⣬ԶڻƷɡصǰڡ

ص︮Сʱŭ̫ˣôľǵôˣ޿أ
˹غŲ裬ʵʲôô֮ǰʾǴ⡣ҴСԼĳ𶼱ˣҪ֮²˾Ѿ
ŵط²豭ŵ΢ЦţһֱҲʵĻᣬҶС칫ɺһҲ˳ˣ
ͺǿɵǳ縸ȻشľҲ̫ûйˡ
ƲƲǣ磬ҵĸĸҪɴ߲Сڣ˵ҪɱչۣҲŻгŵѵ㲻ϣɱչۣ
һ˫ĿӯӯͶעϣٶԶԡ
ҶСܻҸĺҪĻᣬڲȷһɹ֮ǰֲðհҺһ𣬳Լ绹óõİ취𣿡
ԼЦֻɾúܰɣ
ǰҵȷ⣡Ц绨ԣĸԸ
ֻſаϸָţһһָϸţ㿴Ҫ˵Ѿû˵ңǰңŮ޸һ˾Ҳûݣ԰ɣ
󲿷˾ڼ˾ʱ٣ͳΪ˾ָԺܶŹŮֻܼ޸пܳΪ˾ˣδؾͻᱻָΪߣһϣռ˱ˡ
̧ͷȻһ˾Ӣɱչۣ˳Σ˵˺б¡縸Ĵ簡㶼ϣҸʲôɷأ
죬Ҳ˵
һǰһƣ쵶㸰硣û´ĻӦιµ쵶һ򲻴ϲأ
Цιϲ㣡ǸùòƷһ㣬绹ϧ߷ߵһӣ̤˳ȥ
ĬĬһһЦŵһڡʱȷΨһһȲʧҶСܰǿܱյĺð취һʱ嶯£͵ˡ
صϸ˼һڹ˽ⶼһõĽ취ҶСǹƽ̽˸İ㣬ϹҲʵҲһҶСܡ١ˡ
ҶС˳ΣҶأʱᣬֻ´Ҳˣǰıеһûᡣ
ȻһпǣԴ棬˶ҶСжôأݸûԸĵز
ĵĬĬʣССڵŲ裬Ǳȹˣûд𰸡


57 ܴɱ
߽񣡡
Ϫ߳ȥʱһʥʹУ˫ȴʵϵͽ˵һ߽ʲô񲢲ҪֻҪߣǾٹ⣡
ԸȥǷԸԼͼŲֽһԸӡȻ̺ҶСߵǲܵʥ⻷Ӱġ
˵ҶСڻߵʿոոҶСʱÿһվñֱϾ˼ѪƵļ޲뵽ѥӣǾ򾲶ˡ
߽Ƕ˵ҲҪ飬ϪȻʮֵľ񣬷ҪƯƯ
޸֮óıΨСơûа취˵еķɽһǧ֮ɱ˵ģҪӴϣչ۲л֣ϣڱŲܼκİˣôܼõ
Ϫóùƣȴóüƣߵһ״󣬱ܳϿҵȥ״̡
˼ҷԸūҴɱϣչۣūֻóùƣóüƣǵūҵĹƾû֮أǶˣܲܰū취
룬ʵ׼֮еһ֣һ֣ʲôֶ֣
Ϫūˣһɱһʧ֣붯־ˣֻи˼ҵиūһЩԲϣ֡
״˫֣ϡָ˼ֵ߳幫õɣأ
ϪūǽӴǵģֻͨʳչڲܼܼͣһܼҵĳӲʳʱδػԴԼһӭĿζԣūҪղϣĿζЩ
ԭˣ
Ϊʦ״ҡȣƮƮ״ףƣ
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ȥϣǺ󣬶ļҾ¥ٰμӹᣬϵεĴ¥Ǻܶ࣬ԵҲѡ
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ǽ̵ЩˣǾоϵͬУЩҲǵĿͻҪǵľ¥ͣƹȻӴгˡ
ܿ죬ϪйزϣʳϲõȫϡЩ֮󣬴Ϫ;оЩõĲǱҪȥġ
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뷨ȴ״ģ״ָ취ˣĿôϸǴϪȻõѴ˸ڴˣܱĶȥȻõġ
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ˣһʵĳһӣֳʦֵָָˮͰˡ

ֳʦϣڽСڡǴӹʮһˣպ˺촡ʳá˺촡⡢١÷ڻơ׷ΡƳɵһպϡ
ϣϲ⼸Ե٣ճɿڵζһ㶼Թˡ֮£ϣǸӡ
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עˣԺÿһ죬͸׼һ㡣Ҫǡûȥ𴦽Ǯǲģ͸׼ˣɱˣ
ϢϪϪܿģɴ㷷ܸܵ棬ϣеĺϢԱһʱ˼Ҹ
ǣڶǸֳˣüЦģϪжʱһĵ£ܹҩˡ
ܹƷʵǹƽ̵ıܹƽ̵ûɽǰ˾ͷʮУҵʱδƽ̵Ұ·ӹʦҲࡣ
һΪȷЩƽ̱йϵȨǵİȫƽ̾ʹӣ֮ԴǴҩΪҩҪҩ̫఺ҩģЩҩǿġ
ƽҲѼȫôҩɴѷӸ㣬ʮʮĹʲôʱʲôʱ㡣ʱĹƽ̲ôأҲôȱţԲδҩΪЮڲֶΡ
ǧҩͱõе˾ˣΪӦҩǧЩ弴ҩҲ䲻룬ʱһҵԷá
񰲼ƴ֡ͨ˼ң˰үӣϵҪҲùˡ
ϪõֹƣԷ¿ʼһ죬üЦģôãȻϣûϣûֻһܣܹƷ
ô죿
ؿŴϪϪͷ˼ã̧ͷϴһ˿ЦΪܹƷӹҹƽ̵ֶ𣿹ƽ˭˵ֶΣ
쵽ʱǸֳʦˣüЦģүˣ
ֳʦˮȴüЦģ˿ɶЦ


58 羵
ֳʦһĨᣬһߵ㡢㡢㡭˵ĲˣҶҪˡȥЩǸҪٰɥ£죬Щˣ
ϣˣĻֻһһȺˣڲܸԺѾʬ塣
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ϣʮҹְౣİȫڴǰֵ֮һϣŭʲô£
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һ󺰣ǸͻȻشһݺһ磬˴ܣŷľ£Ѫ֣ϣĴȻֹ
ľĲӻڿз裬ᵽѪζ˷ֻ۾ֳĺɫĵһ˵ʮ
ֻʣһƬ࣬Ѿȫļʱ۾سԷҲᵽѪζǴ֮Ѿû˿ԹǷйɱĿꡣ
ʱǰǸһ˴أڷεһǸ˹ȥ
һֻһͿվڴ齱ߵֱۣǶֱ۵δҽҲδֱصŴϵһƬѪ죬һֻּεѪϴſɲĹЦ
ϣͷͱһˣسʬǰһ󿳶磬࿴һۣͻȻҰް˺ų嵽һ𣬿ʼһɱ
Ƕ˹ƣңκη֮µĹơԣѾ׷
ƵȻǴϪµġϪһʼûвһ취һɱɱǲָ桢ֺ˵ģȷЩ˷һɱϣҲпܷ֮ǾͻѰĿ궯֣ϣ㹻Ķʱ䣬ԶֱӶԲϣָаա
ǣϣܹƷֱЧϪְֻܲ취öƼɱˡ
ЩϪ⣬ܸͨ˶Բܸе˽࣬Щڱк޼ֵǶһɱѰ߱ɱ˱˵ȴмֵ
ϪѾ֪үʮҹְػүȻΪ˿̣ǶԼȴݣʮԶһźöĴ
ʮǿ书ǿʿǵʳܴܲүӰ죬ǶԼʳϲԡЩǺ˵ȫûиоϲţ⡣
ܸÿĲ棬һţʳʱԣʱҲ±ϪҲȷһţ⣬ǲһһֵ֣ܻġ
˵ǣǳԵţ⣬Ϫõȵ̫ãǵġţͷˡֵϣԷʱ򣬵ҹûֵļţߡҲʼĿĵɱ
Щ˷財ȫɵ󣬳ʮִܼȥʮˣЩ˵ʬھͣڶáڲϣֻܰĶϹͲһ޷ľͷʢһˡ
һ磬չ۾ش˿ͷڵԺ䣬ֱլҹкźɱ죬Ҳ֪ʲô¡ϣڿԺֲ׼ǷʲôҲ
չ۾Ҳ˯ˣƺᵶ䱸һҹڲܸڰչʵڰ಻סˣǿдϣ
˵Ҳ֣ҹҪȥլܸ׼ʱһ·ȻûӿͷԺʱЩغڿԺڽͷӶ֣̿
ղܵģҳչĿˣķչ۴ǵԺ䣬˵һͿԺõʬ壬չ˵һĻʱ˻ȥ
ԾؿԺʬ壬һո̧˾ѪģʬʵҹϮܸ
ɫ㱣ûչһȥ
ܸɫҵվϣ˫ãȻչ۽ȴ·ûп
չҿûʵϣأ
ǹ˫վǶûн࣬ȫû˵չ۴ŭһѾסǹµ죬ȵǲܼҵĴ֮𣿡
ǹ΢΢һ£ãȻʲô
չףϣأ
ǹתӲӣһָָչۿ˿ǿڽεӣЩ֣ʲô˼Ѳɲϣߣ
չи˲ĸо벻װǲϣ˵ϣˣҲûһȶ첻ֱװĵ
չۺɵؿ˿£һճմģҲȥչߵԱߣ֣΢΢ƿһЩ߿һۡ
չȻŴ۾ԼʲôǰһƿϸϸչͻȻͷһɿһȥûܵǽǣ۵һ
չۻûͣܿµֻʣˮˣͣ԰ɫǹ£䡭
ǹ²Ҽү
չ۵һһˮ˿ˮ

ʲôٵҲˣ˾̰ηģÿһٵ˶ٵȨ֣أͲ̫´ɱǴų͢ɱĺ̫أԶһ㲢̫˼ɡ
ٵʮа˾Ŷ¶٣ٵ˻¼ܵ˺ԼԸ߾ӹ֮ڣӣȴܰѼҲڼǵİȫܵвҪġ
״ҶСԸЩ˼ζԸ̨ؽ̰ͨʹºĳ򣬳Ǹױ˺Ե¼ˣǺܶ˵֮£˲֪ȴ֪
״˳һȥְңһĽǮ̨ĳͰ֪һж״˵ˡ
˵̨ϲĲĳ̨һΣÿγΣеߣֻﹻʸЯԼĳӡ
˵̨иİŮˣŮ˱һŲ̊ðǧ԰̳Լҡ
֮󣬳̨ŮɫѾôԣǶȴرĳ谮ʱҲҴ˰ą̃ÿнһʱҪ
ЩϢ֮״ҵ˳̨λСӣС귽ţݰף쳣Σϳ̨һ滨ѹˡ
״ŵشСǫ̃˽ֽ֤չ̨˵ڳ¼¾ʧʱȴְСͻ˳¼ҡ
̨ؼҵʱǺ«ȴһţλСӵαȳΣαΪҵ֤
ºǱʧŵûɢֱӵĻܱ˷ֶľսʱܼҲҰϢҲ͵Ĺ֮ϣ
´үҰСѲܼѪľ˵һ飬۾ֻ˵һ仰ȥɣҪҶСˣ


59 
ϪԲҶС콻״ͬԲҶС콻
ҶС첢ûʶӵһԶһʱΪһ֮۵ĿʼˣһܸҲһĵλҪ˵Ϊһˡ
ҶСεһ䣬֪ڣδΪΪ֮ߵĵز»ƾһϲ񣬻ƾһģаĸ¿ʮƢһڲͬ
ܼѪһδǣڿഫ˾鱻ͼӴһ󣬴һʮʮĿֲ¡ҶСĴһʱСֹЧճΪħ
ЩΪ˿ڸ֮æµƽͷÿֵһȺˣǻѰѰȤѪȵ顣
ӻϪѪһֱܼѪеһУͬһԭŮˣ
ΪʲôڻϪıɱҶħΪʲôҶħ˸ɵͩҶħͩ£òλ࣬м䣬һ޵صٻӰڬBá
ţչŮҪΪķˣҶħΪչչף⵽ܾ
Сڰҵô˾湫ֻҪҶСɱչۣί¼ޡⱳʲôΪ֪Ĺأ
ȺڵģܿǾͷ˸ϸڣҶСڴ̿оҹʧһҹһҹһҹʱ䣬Էܶܶ
ǷḻǸһѪȵĹ£Ϳһ޵ķɫµصҲЩȥ˾үǻЩɫľˡ
ĹгȻҲ˶Դ˲мһˣЩʲô¶ϵŮ֮ϣºεԣǸոλţ˾Ҫͷڵĵطͼ˾ûλˡ
һܲһӣûĿô죿ռ̡ͷأΨһѡǰѱ˲ȥûлԲŷ¡
Ϊǵİ׳αӣΪŮô̫𿪣ΩһϾͱˮûˣɽֵȤĻ⣺Ů뱩
ܼѪ󣬹һֲ˼İһֱİҪϳֵ̰ʹ˾´˾ȻûзͶҶСкøеİҵȻ
Ѿֻ̬ҪҶСɱչ۾ί¼޵ҵȻҲأҵ̬
û˿˰үӣΪһ¾ͱ˿ˣ˾ĵλҲֵ̫ǮˣѪܵʷ֤ʱﵽͷɿԳĬԵͷӣԲԵ֮
ĸ֮㲻֪жôĿ֮㲻֪жô£ҵʵжôǿ󣬴ҶģҾҶС죬û˳棬ֻǱпǡ
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УϵȻᱻ˺ԣѾΪʵϽˮϵǿڣˮ֮սȻڽ״̬ǲҪˣսμҵĵϣӦһߣǰµƽʵϾζӦռϷ硣
Ů˱Ҷħ˹ԵֵСĻ˵ҶСǼ֮󣬵ڶƷѪˡչֽܼһȽϿ£ң³ɺޣʱܸվ˰ɣ
ûУҡڹֻһƷƷȫҶСϵ衣̨šţμţǡ
ʱҶС쿪ʼƵƵ罻ҼϵȨҼϵȨûɽͷȨ󣬶ҶС֮С
ҶС⣬ֻҪվͭϡʯϡչһ˾ӦԼ
ںͰҡֱӹϵȨҶСû룬֪˼ҲһɽҲںֺαûȤңѾˡ

ҶҶѲѾǭݣܿҪݵؾˡǭ֪ӭĵڶ죬ҶܽӼһ糾Զˡ
ҶǽʿһˣѾ˼ǵһ㣬һƿеͬ꣬һԱ佫ΪĻ;У̵ʱԶԶεʱ䡣
Ϊһ˳ˣҶܱһ˸ס֪֪ˡսʤĵ̽áǭȨƼ˴̽г̣Ҳͬ̽и̽ǵķӦ
˾ǱҶѲ̽Ϣģ˽ڹһϵо¼¼ҶѲУ۾ûգһ¡
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ŵߵĻŻǳѷڹļ׮Ѫһһֻúð֪ҶСе¿û뵽ɱôء
ںʱ׾ӿЦֶһٵضԸҶС죬Ȼܺö˶˵ػ죬ɵðҡͩϣ³ġ衱ƺҲôԽˡ
ҶС컹ҪԸչ۰ɣĴĻֵףѲ˼ϵ˾ҵʰһ̯ΪѲļ
ڴ
۾΢΢ҶСĵ⣬ûʧֻηҶСֶΣòڳһƵģ
˴ɽĳӱĵطѿϣҶСȥֵҶѲϵͷ죬ΪýĲͷ
뵽ϣĿͶҶܡҶѲź΢΢һЦõĺܣƲôǾھݸЪϢɣȻǭЩߣ򲻴ѽ

ڵĲܼҴһֵֺĴϣѾװ˺ӣڲܼҷʩ˱չģܼȺףҲֻչ۵˲ϣļңԼӲȫټ˲ܸ
ڲϣܼҲˣѾжϳЩӦ˹ƣչ۸СˡĲˣҪüļѼȳԣʣµķһ죬ǳû飬ԡ
֮˼ҷɽʿ䲻ˮʿ䲻ʳչүȴڲԣ˿գԲ˯ãչүİ׷˼
磬ܸǰͻȻ˺˻ڴſڵǽͷһϻϲصȥչȱˣ
ܼҶүԴپչѶϲӭ˳ȥ


60 Ԯ
Ƽչ۲Щ֣ʶչۣչۺϡ棬ÿ˳ţȥӭԼֵܻŵĵ
Ȼ֣Ƕչ۹˹֣صܴˣΥˣҴôͷܴ˳ˡ
չ۲ľԱ¿˿ΨĶӻһ֦æضԲƵ˵ǽȥ˵ȥ˵
Ƹչ۽ԺӣһۿϤĲܼҲ£ʱһЩȫһײʲô˼ͷһæʵʲô£Ҵأ
չ汯ݵص硭ᣬҪڰ˳
չۻû˵ܼ꣬ҹ¾ͼһүүۡ
ܹ˵ڲƽº˫üһŭͷ𣬶򵨱̧һŰѹ˸泯죬ŭȵ˵ôҴôģ
ܹ´ӵصСҲֵ֪үļҹͻȻͷ˷裬ǰѴүˡ
չ۲˵Щ֮Է裬Ϊ˹ƣڰ˳
һѽƿã磡簡
ѾĳãЩ½ҲһЩܼнȨǰ䣬ϾǷǳʱڣչ۵˻ǰҲԸ˵һѲԵ˲Ǻܶ࣬Ѿûˣ塣
Ƶ˴֮ϣͼһڹľϷľǰڷŲϣλһڵأ簡
ϣԶݶΪ̱һл˼ҵĲƲΪУǶ¡Сһ浽ֵܻǷǳõģֵܸ鼫ҲǲһѣǰӦԭ
չ۰̾شյǰĵصЩ˹ƣ־ң˷ӣǻǸзʬ
㿴һڹľʱ򣬹ľû类⽴ŷֲľͷӣʢһҰ
չ˵ͷһһŻǿסԲƵ±Ҫᣬڰ˳
ڵһһץסչ۵ӣ۾ŭ˵˭ɵģ
չ۵˭Ȼλţ˾ҶСˡҶԴӳɽȻЩ̣һٹõ͢Ϯʱͷ費һˡ
ֱһŭ
չٴαֻýŲƵĻ붼벻ɱ֮󣬾Ȼ£ÿҡУѣŵĺܣҪȥɾ¥͡
ᣬǲ֪ҴЩϢжѡϷÿɳȥ̽Ϣˣ֮󶼲߶ϷǰլŷӸˣ˾͹ؽȥû¶ٷųҲ˹ư߶
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Ƶж
չ۵һеġ
Ҵˣ⸮мҽټҲжٶˣ߰˰˶һˣһȵȣȵ²ɣ
չ۵ôֻһ˵ˣչҵأټչǾʮþˡ
ƵҽӵϢͣظˡȥչŶչҵԮҲܵ
չϲȻˣǾٵաʱٳ־ʮþˡԵӱʮ겻
һ֣㵱ҶԮ½ϵʵʵص˵ɱ֮һ춼ȲˣҪȰɣܼҵˣȫȥ¥
ŭ˳ȥչ󿴿ҿܼҵȫȥˣֻʣ˻վǶչۺȻЩʱǸڲ߸ȫһЩ
չϴһ̧׷˳ȥȻظеΪܴ˱չĳ岻ݴǣᣬȵң

Ͼо¾¾ȻͼҵһͷܳΪЩλҰԳơү
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׿תתȻֱںҶôǿͷߣǹţ룬ֵǣ¥ƹģҶҵˣ˵챻Ұˣҵطɡ
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׿¥ϣž̸ЦţܼҡչңǶʲôƨ˼ңǲʯ丮طǿ۹ǣƨ
׿Ʋ죬һ˵ɣǸҶСҲһνﴵġ仹˵ԵһϵɱǣɱҹɱѪǺءʵôһ¶ģ˵˵˵˵λϴӢ¼
ϴ󣬺׿ǶͷҲ¾үֱ´ϣԭ׿ߵѵмܵգȱֲȱŵػġ
׿ߵļСܶ˵ϴǶ֮ǰĹ¶ֻǴӱĴ˵һ֪˽ţСܶ˷
ѧ׿װһƲޣϴ󵱳ľϣиϵĵ׷ǣ˼ҵ϶ˣֲ֭ģѪ
ĵС׿ϴ쳤Ц˰ɣʲôħӲŲء㡭бҶСϳǰӽ¥ȥ
ҵϥǿûô£Ҳôأ׿үһġЦܺÿ˳¥ڣЦ˵


61 ɹ
׿ϴ־ٱӰ㣬ˮ콽ϡĺͼСܻˣվ־ؿˣȻϿһ
ϴ󴵴ţƤûϵ˼ҾǰǸоͽȻͬˡ
һƵˣ׿촽ͻȻţһɣһվĺͼСһϴ֣Ȼҳħͷӡ
׿ϴֹǸӵ۾Һ𣺡Ҷģɱ˲ͷأΪң
⻰һڣҶСҲסˣڳԣ˵Ҳֵһᣬ͵¹ߣô۸㣿
׿ϴøˣǲ㣬˾үɱɱôܰһͷС׿ƨ磬˵٩ң
׿һһУҰѻʵο㲻ţ˾һ٣Ҳ㣬Ҹ£¥бʹңҰ
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ҶСεȻˣ׿׵֮ҶС첻ЦȻô˵ȫǣҶС鴤˼£ʳָǰһ㣬Ը
ĸʿһԾӯ׿׵ߣΧ׿ϴҲ˫ֱͷһףֻžߵϡ

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һҲԼòã
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Сԭ涼ôģ

׿ϴ۾Ŭͦżӡţ·ǹϵѫ£ųȥֻƲţҪзˡ

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Цһܴˣ¾ϲǰǺ»ôˣҶҪȡͷˣ㻹˼ң
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չǣһ᲻ҳͷ
ƵɨǰѩһҳͷĻҲȵˡҳͷӾ˴ضͶҵϮͷȥ
ʱѾ˰ɾ¥ҶСǸӢ꣬һǷͷͶˡòҶС춼Ҫ߳һ
ûиһܶ÷ִŮˣҶСǿҪά̫֮ˣֻ·Ūɳ׾
ҶСѾɱ˲ϣҪԸľչۣҲҵ档ԣɱҲڴʱֺ֣αظ
СϲˮҶС˾ٱЦ֣¼ҺͰҶӵˣ
ǻġһ٣ؿҶСΪ㲻Ͷ
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˲ҶС߿̨ۡǰһ̬ؿƿ绹˱Ƚ׼ȷĲ²⣺³̨ʲôѱҪҶСסˣλһʡ˾̨˺ɱһͻȻϢˡ
ɳ̨ϾѰˣһǲѣøʱҲø档Σǫ́ѶӼȥûôɵˡ
ڰңһֱԹۣҶСôһάȶΪεİ˵Ը԰ҵĳĬǽ˲¶Ȳ͸
ҶСٿҲ߱սҵڻڰҵĵϣҪĲܻ뿪ǡ
ԣʱ밲ҽйͨĿԺ뷨Աⰲҵĸ治֪ʱͻȻɱ
֮ѡڴʱҵ˶ǸʱΪʱϣûչ۴һҶСҲȷ˫ʲôӡ
ֻʣһչۣҶСаվƽϢ̬ˣ밲ҽйͨ
뵽ҡͷһ̾ЦҴδһ˰ѹӺ󣬻ܺö˶˵ٷ˾һ˵̨˺͵ط˾һ˵İһơ
ҶС΢Цҡͷֹǫˣ˶Ϊֻʣһռӣ֪Ը⣬ӾܱСܴĶࡣֻǣ㲻ô
ҶСͬؿǹŵĲ´Ьģ׾ͲʧȥƨɻɽȥңҲܲҡ㲻Уϱ̫࣬һصĿǣѵ
ҶС仰һᣬν֪ˣæͷȲ裬
磬̨˺ͰǶƷɼ¥ҶСһ䣬ҶС컺վ𣬵˵ۣ֣һӭһӭɣ


62 
ҶС¥ʱºͰҵĳӸո߽ڣ
ҶС˫΢ǰȺ򣬳ӵǰһͣסҶСһɨǹᦱ֪ǰһ̰ʹ˾ºĳӡ
ҶСһҾأ¹ţ˾ҶС죬ӭ̨˴ݣ
ؿҶСһۣĵСӻ죬֮ǰ֪Դ̨ʱڴ֮ͥȴǸӣ
ºΪֹûҶС죬ӵûжǾ;ˡһʾȻȷʵס˰ѱӴŻ֪ҶСǸʲôˣ˼ѲСǶ˽Щá
ҶСĿˣʱΡʱһ漫乧ļ̨һŰһ
ѽһƣ̨ӳҶСһǰǳǰ˽̤ǳڵȥѽϴ˴ݹ٣¹֮֮
˸۶õôôĻҲǰºҾһ񣬲صϴˡ
ºǺһЦλλƷ㣬ಮ٣һʱ尡
ºʶģ۵ȻҪǶҶС˵ġ仰ҲǹάҶСȷʵ˵ӨӨڬB㺣иԵɣҶС綡Ƥֻ࣬Ҳ׹
ºҶС󣬵ȻضҲ𺡢ţȻ˿ҶС죬ȴ崺֮Уͬ
ҶСʱĸ߹ٶˣָⷽƣÿһСϸ˹ǳºѾֶ̹ΣҪøˡˣ̨ĶҲࡣ
λԼ˳ҡӣλƵ߹һϣЦعֵ֣Ҷ͵ܣΥ˰
ԭǰ֣þòþòû˵ҶСѾЦ߹ȥſ˫۸˰һӵıȵ¡
ҶС죬ĵҪҪô޳ܣ
е㷢㶣СһҾèƵģܶԶͶԶ龢̫һ
ҶС첻Ӧִյ˳ºǰ̨ˣ֣룬¥
ҶС켱ʯףһͷӭ͵̨̬Ͱӻ࿴˿ãСƹĲʹҲһˡ
ǶҶСõŵ£õүʱүðӵʱӣҵ˿ɷŲ̨ܶͰƣ̨ˣӣɡ
룡˵һ䣬̨ͷԼ밲Ӳں棬ٺƨƨߵҶС죬ҶС֮ǱҶС˲ʹµľ¥ƹ񡭡


չ͵һϾɲôйٱ
ھүҲһ˽ӴҶû취ʵүʵڰڲӡүѾλ˳Щ׹ݡѫ󹦳оλģ̣ϸλߵľ͵·ãǰ绹Ƕˣ
ڵطϾͲͬˣһλƷ֪ϽҲϵģſ԰ڳȫ̡̨ڹһĳ͢ԱȻ԰ڳȫ̡
ʹọ̈̄ĸƹ٣һȺòִȫŵƷһйԱڣҹٶСˡ
ҲһҲû뵽йԱ硣ѪգȴչһأΪᣬ뿪ԼķأڵطΨҶϰߣ˿ֳּĳޣЦйԱڳΣƾҶСΪ֮ԷٶʬλزͣԼֹ
չ۵ᣬŹԱɱͱɱǿɲһ
ʲôһĳΪֱ쾭壡
çײçײϷ֮ڴΪף
ʧʧշŹҶС죬ٳ伫İɱ
죬һƹѾǰŵ߳ȵߺˣ̰ʹ´ڴˣٻرܡ
˵ţ߬ŵѾ߳˼Ҳ˵Ҳ֪һҶСǸħͷѰġط˶е޷죬ҪӲ
ƹٿ˿ϣʿѾѳֶˣǹɱڣȶӾЩ
ʱҶСѾ¥£¥ѱҶС£˽¥õƾͽʼ
˾´ˣչйˣ̲סᡭ
ưһᣬٵ˰ɱȥ˭ɱҶС죬ҲܼҵĴͷˣ
ɱɱɱ
ܼҵĿ޹ٸ͢ûС˹˹汲˾үͳΣ̫͢ңԶˣлûʱʱֵ¶ӡ̡
үһ£Щɾ¥ӿȥƹٺɫ԰ףеǷˣˣҪ췴ɱٲɣɫ󣬵ûҰγΣһεͱ˶⽴
ƺȵҵȽֻɱҶС죡˵һ棬˹һߣ
ƹһɴ⣬Ͻ·һνġȡʵһˣѾ˳׷ӽ¥ҶС졢ӵһס˰ɾ¥
¥ϣҶС̨ͰӾƲ˰ոպѼ䣬¥¾һ˺˻ƺչ۴ˡ
˼æߵǰһֹ̨ѰôôɣĪҶСҵԸܼҺչңޣϷˣѾŅ֣̀ҰԸչңŶûС
ʵڲƵͻҶСȲ֪顣ֲѾ˵񻯵Ƕͻ¼ȴ㹻ļȥӦԡҶСҴһ˼˼ص
ǵİ취ԹѵڣΪм᲻أ˵Ҵڴˣ˾Ҳӳ̨նȣصѶҲȣʱͻΧȫ
ƼҶСҪ¥أЦһԸż
յ紫ŵʱ򣬾֪ҶС˴ְչ۴ȥܼҵȫɱҲ˹꣬¥ŴգΰҲ˶ơ
ҶС¥ϢѸٴ˰Һ˾ӿǰҴĵӰˣʧɾ¥
˾Ҳ̨գһ뱾ҴҸ¥ֵԼ㣬ȥָʹ˾
ȻҲܿ˵£֮£Ͼʹȫɾ¥ԮҴҿСţͻȻһæϪˣ븽
ʲôëǸʲôֲݴϷ鳼ûصһ۵ôʲôֱ˵ͺˣ
ؽ˸ǵʦʱ˳ȵӵϰߣʱһ˵ЩڨڨġȻ֪ΧûˣͣСԴ˵˼䡣
Ϫ˫һָ޵ȥϪ𱾲ȥˡ


63 
ʿÿЯһֻÿֻװʮ֧˾ǧ֦ɲˣСһļ֦Ҫ֪ݴӴĻսУļҲʮڴˡ
ÿ֦Ҫһ죬Ƕʮ۵Ĳܼ˵ҲһʲСĻܼҴ˴Ѿȫļʸˡ
ǧ֦ܼ䣬Ǿ¥Ĵһ㣬ƹĺͻǶڹ̨³սսưôŶҪˡ
Ӻͳֳ̨棬ǱҶСȫڣΧӣͷһӣγһﱤʽ壬Щʸ¥Ҳ˲ǡ
ڵľ֮󣬶˽̨ŭȵд޷죡췴ֱ췴پŹǣ
һͼӴףҪ˵췴Щܼһ򲻰ѹԱˮȨﵹġ´룬Ӧ۹ݹϽʱѹݷ
ĵ̽ӽĴһֻĴԱܼҲһܼҵĵ̺ӦڣͽҸھηٸͣĻѴ
̨ŭڿ˵ֻҶС鷳뱾Ե˼Ǽʸô䷨ֲ۾˱ô죿پ
̨˵գ⿴һֻۣҶС˫ָһƬҿ壬סǰغ󱳣Ȼ޵Сӻ̫˳ۣû뵽ôе
ҶС廤סҪۼֺˮھ¥ͥŲһȥʱѾĴ⿴һۣɰпࡣ
ǿˣ㲻㣬Ҳ˼㰡ǹۣһҲɰҶСתۿƷɴżոλͻңʱż֦Էġ
һգеļֶ۵ֱˣʱİ¥Ѿ˺¥ʸز棬εΪ׳ۡ
ۼģչֺˡ޼ɵùٸȨǼɵҶС찡Ҫˡһǧһɣ㹥¥Ͽһλ͢Աڵġ
ʱչۻ֪Ҳ¥ϣǸǶ㵽ֱߣֳȻʱߣӻ˾ȱƹٳĿӵûǡ
ᣬֵ̫̫˰
չֿʼˮƾù£ŭ㣬˿̾һշеͣչˮƾͰ಻סˣŭηηβô˾ģûлͷ˻ܻͷ𣿷żҷż
һͷĿ׳ˣǵļʸѾùˣ
Ǿ͸ɱȥ
ưγ˵ҡ
ɱֿһź˾İٶ񱼶
ֻǸ˵չƺƵжҲְֲܲȣһָʹ˾һ滹˵˼ʮбɨ֡
ЩбɨҷУڴ棬쳾ǰߵʿֹ˽ŲƷ·ǧ
󽫾߸߾Žֿھͺٻشݶָʹ˾ˣͶҷߣɱۣ
һ溰һٶȣЩŲ죬ǲǰƶչ۴ʧɫԲƵᣬָʹ˾ˣɴˣְɣ
ۼһĻҲԥҶС¥УֻҪȥܽʵڲ
ԥ䣬ͼһɳ۶ۼдӹٱҲ΢΢һδ٣һֱ嵽ǰ˲żһеˣ²ãһǵĸۡ˾˵ʬˣ
ƴһ
չŭһҶСɵģ˶ֵһҶС˸ɵģ
ûʱǱŵֵСʱ·ϣд߸֪ҡСĳǿ죬һӺҲõˣ
չ۾һҶСԮᣬɽڣûգһڣǾԳ岻¥ȥȳ˰ɣ
չ˵ţѾ˫ȼнʱ׼ˡƳһŭߣ
չ۵ȵľ仰Ƹһڣչ۾ظߣԮܸչ˵ƯѴһ٣һȱ˳ȥ
¥ϣֳֽ¥΢Цˣ
ҶСûһù򣬿ɲҴݵվڴǰһ˵żȥ͸õĴһϲˣ´ˣӣˣ
ºһ⻰һͷӣһ߿ǰӣǵ˹Դһȵˣ˺߲پЩҵĶͽ
ʱԼɱ֮Чæ嵽¥£״У̨ţѱ¹ڻˣˣ
˵ţԶһȻʱϱɫκδѾ£̨¥ϿţʵûܵĵֻӲͷƤȣߺˣѵҪ췴ô
ų̨ҼҹԮǰλ
һʱķŻ˶ЦԭǰҵˣٱЩͽѱĳһѪս仨ˮȥˣ

ƿӱޣϵԼլͼǰ̳նǰȥߺ˼ˮˣô𣡺ô²Ҫճɰ׵ˣ
һһ͵һսǰľŭϣľǲܼլǻ죬ۼѾȲˡ
ƺͷһȣҪ³Ѫ
չ۾ô죬ô죿ϳطңѰһս
ƵôˣǾһ겻ˡȨ˼Ҷۣû˿ѩ̿ģȥչҵլӣŻս
չ۰һҲƺһĸãڱǲܼҵģƲߣżʮĸҳչ۲ɵ⡭ô
ư۾һᣬôˣΪˣǸħͷͻ֣
չæϷ޴⡣Ϸ룬Ȼ᲻ߣȥң
Ƶȥʲô
չ۵Ⱥ۹ϵİҶС˰裬°ʬȥ֪ȻҪЧ¹˱ʬйߣ˹ߵĶУѵһţҪǳЩǣ
Ȼ򣬵⣬룡ȥң
ƻҲˣܼլΪ׵أֱƺչȫ䵱ڣƺƵϵѰһæţ׳ǽ
ƵҲҶ԰ҵ˷ǰ߾˫ֵҪᣡҪᣡүӵģ
˵˰£ڹ䱸˵ԼݣլչۺͲƹ⣬һյĹ򣬾ͼһڵ˳һ
λˣʵڶԲסǼү˵ˣүӵĳﱻһǿڰ¥δүʵûͣλذɣ
չۺͲһʱľô
ûǣһתţһˣö޻ߵϵĻͭףչܶ˴ŵͺǻͭʨͷһ޶


64 ׷ɱ
ɾ¥ǰɹˣˣƺչˣԮҶСҲˣ·㷽ҵǳҷ׷׵ĵڣָʹ˾Ҳһ֧ӡ
һͨæµֱʱ󣬸·ŸɢȥϦ£ɾ¥ĺƹվ¥⣬ĺ¥һľȻ
ƹģġȥ輸ӣȰѼˣЩûϣٷˢһ£ɶЩ̳Ӻεð졣һ£˼ҶӻдѸԣء
ţţ˵ҪʲôƹͻȻѹݺݵصŶƹ
ƹеĪګګص˵ȥ輸ӣȰѼˡ
Σһ֦Σƹļˣ͸˼Ƶģ̧һڿĻѾڰЩֿɼļʸƹ̳ȥΣһ֦Σ
ڻƴסźƹƹıųë˰ɣ
ƹķԸϽģȫˣЩһ֦ʳģϽȥԤԼʳģĸ͵ɱӰǼ⣬ƽʮ׼оƣϽȥһʮ̳ȡ
ƹĴյߣڨڨصƹģǰŻ˰ɣ꣬ʰ죬ôŰ
㶮ƨƹĿǰĺ¥ֲ֧ذ˫һţ׳ţȥҸ˵ƤҪģҽǾ¥¶վھ¥￪˵ҵĳ棬ôҲְ°
ƹĻȻ򣺡ߣʵǸߣƹģƹģȥ죡
ƹתҪߣվסƹģ԰ʱһڹ̨£ʼ۾û¶棬˵˵ʲô
ƹĺɸֵصŶƹ񣺡ûû㻹ܱô
ŶŶŶǣƹĻȻ˸߲ҵܿˡƹͷĺ¥·𿴼һҡǮͷ̵ġ

ˮʮͷɽ
һķӷһ·ǰϣòסӵֱװӡ
ǰһʯϱдһд֣ë֮ĹԱ߻һС֣ҶС
ǰֽǮҶСڱǰƷһ࣬ĬĬֽǮҶСëˣ⼸ûƺȣ˰ɣ
һƣڱǰȻȡչ۵֮㣬ˣѲϣͷȡҲ㣬Ծǰˡ
ҶС¿պ˫ȣ˫ֱϥ֣Ѿˣû´ǣͩϣˣˣڻһչۣӲģ
ҶСѾ鵽࣬׼ȷ˵һࡣϪ˲ϣլʬǣһѻѲܼΪƽأʱץ˼زܼҵˡ
ҶСŵֻҪ˵࣬ͷȥǸ͵֮󣬱ץߵļܼڽࡣܼһѴʲôû£ֻҪԼӴ˲¶棬ܼҾû֪ǻţ֪йܣҲͲ꼰ǵˡ
ǣҶС֪ջϪѪǲϣչΪ֮ǰһҲ֪ҶСﵱȻױסˣһԩ
ɱҪģȷƷų£ʣµΨһһжĿ˾ֻͩˡ
ҶСȻЦЦЩʣë¶û꣬ҵˡ棬ɱٺͿˣҺƷɲߣͿģñ˼۸ס𣿡
˸⣬ڱᣬ

ҶС˾˲һУԭΪرΪĺֵΪ˾ɥ
ҶСѾǹĵһ֪˫۾жȥɽë֮µ˹ǡ
һʱ䣬˶Ĺ۸д䡣ʵֶôǴһʼ֪Ϊֵܱ𣬻ǻֶ̫Щ̫Щ
϶Ϊд̣һŭ־˷֮ͻȻõһӵ˵ҪһɣϾһֲһĸоˡ
ƣ
ˣֵ׷桢ֵø
ǧǰ˾ǵĵҲһǧˣЩļҾ͵λūȻ֮𣬱ҲҪ߳࣬Ի˲ŵġ
첮ģʵЩеһԱЩ˵еսʱ̵ʿӣһǾ׷˭;ټǨȥ˭ĵ̣ȻҲͲع˼ɻܵ˾Լ
ƼĸȨ֮ڣҶС׳Ѹٴϧһкϧܾ˾ͣ⣬ҲҪ׷ɱΪֵܱľĺӮЩ˵ġνʿΪ֪ν֪ˡ
ţ˾ĵ̫СˣڹССһٶ˾У㣬ҶСֻܵڵݶӣ֮ǰطط˸ûעֶ֪һλϮ˾
֪ˣܶѾĿͶţ룬˽ҶС졢ڲõĽؽһЩڳ˽֮ѡ׷
ʱҶС죬֪ȥëǾȻЧ֮ǰûж˽ΪʲôһҪɱչţҲмȥ˵ֻҪԵԼľ͹ˡ
صӴ֮ҶСͰȫעչϡչӻϳֻҪǳ״չңǾܸɵչˡԣչߣ
չûӣӣʵǲƲġҶС첻չߣΪֻҪӻϳɱ죬Բ˵ɱ֮ĿҶС죬ֺγǡ
ڰſڣչ۳һŸ̲ģ˼ȥȥǲ֪ӦҲ˹ȥȥƷġ
ΪֹǻûгԼǻϪѪԪףҲ֪Ʒƺһµó
ǱĿľҶС죬ɱƷһ֧֪·ɱ֡ƷֻҪѾͩһƣƷŰɣһͬĵҶС죬Ҳǵһ˵
ǵ̵ȻúܺãֻǴǵͷҲ벻Ӧ֮ǰƵƵʾã£ǡӦһˣʱʱɽ϶ֻѼȮòҶС죬ҪҶСѪ̶ǿ
ƷӦļƻָƣ£ƷôܳͷӻǡٶȳһŸԶˣϺ϶Ϊǳͷ˭ң
ÿ˶װҵĴ㣬Ҳÿ˶״ﲻʱΪ֣ǼɵʲôֻܾݴΪҶСѾӵЩǿҲɵֵʵһҶСǿˡ
ƺչֳһŸɫѾˣʱ뿪̫ҲΣգֻѡϵչҵլԺܵĽ䱸Ъһޣһޣ֮м˯¡
ôȥ˴ԼͿ塭ʹ˼ʹھɽڡˣҪطʶ룬ȼ̳˾֮λٵϼҶСһۡ
ʱ˵ҶСëǵϢŹǱʢӣ˺ʮͷɽǷͭþǸط
£ȥشźҲˣ˳·ҪţֻԼʲô˾ôοȥİ֣
ԲһӢľɽشź


65 ˮһս
ƺչͻȻʱǣ򶫣ȻǴӻϳٶҶСע⡣ҶС֪ھˣϼȫԴ׷˳ȥ
ƸϵʮͷڣͣЪϢһĲ´󲿷ֶǲ䣬·ЪЪǸܲ˵ġЪԼСʱƱȫתɽ
ɽϣһ·أǰһӣֽڡһۿǿӣʱȥײײ˹ȥ簡
һƿӣÿͷϣʢʱѾϴѪΪ̫ɢ鲼ˣľƵģͷ­
ʱѱڣͷͷ棬Ѿʯͷ­Ҳˬһѽͷ­ڻ¡
չ۸Ȱˣ˿̲ʹʱ뿪ҶСȻǻ뿪Ϊϣ
ưѴͷ­СĵطŻУԸ˵̧
һ̧ͷëǵķ㣬ǰҶСʯҧгݣݺݵطԸѷظˣϳ˵ʬ壬⽴
չ۹ƼæֹˣͲҪ֦ˣ˷ѹһʲô
ƺݺݵ˦֣ҶСһҾʮ塣ٷؾʬͷ֮ޡ
չۼʱȣһһ˵һɽ˿磬ˬʣһͷǡԶһ߸
չ۾ãС׷ˣ
ŤͷһԶԶȷһ۶Ȼʮа˾űҶС׷ɡƺ޺޵һţȵߣ
ԶǶȷʵҶС죬һֱŲƺչأȵľǳӵĻᣬ׷Ź
ˮʮͷμҡϴӺͳΪˮ壬ˮǴƳʼԨƵۺݣϽذʮͷڵˮ󲿷ֵĵһݴʷ档
ӴˣϾˮ˸ǧԽѳΪֽеһ֣ʼͳ֪֮
ƺչۼߣ׷ȴԽԽƲݵӱıӲˣͣһս
չۼæȰˣκʿ񣬾ð򲻿£ǻٻرկַţ룬һʧ
Ҳǵҧðɣӱʮ겻ҪҶСÿߣ
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ҶСҲ˵ǹĴɢչ۴Ҫߣͳͳһ
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ӦЦһѹƣչۼɫ⣬°ҪɱڣȴҶСȣ㸸˺ҶС˾ףʲôݣſڴƻƣ
չչпѱ磬Ǹ׵ǵȻҶСǰѵܿڳʵɱϵţ۲ݣΪ˼޻ˣҶСɱǵĵҲ쾭壿
ӦмصΪ˳䡣ĳͬ˼ҽףʹҲߣֵܶڴˣø֪ȣ׮£ʹգ
Ƹ꣡
չչĿɿڴ


69 Թδ
Ӧתչоӷ緶ЦһЦ˵չĳ˻飬ΪкβãΪչҵΪ̫ӣĳʵܣ֡
չҲ֪˵ʲôˣλߣȴвõʵûаøУûҪ޸ڱ˵ףȴҲ֪Ǻá
ӦֿҶСһۣ΢Ц˵չҶ⣬ĳ͸ᵶᰮ֮ˡֻǡ컯Ū˰
˼ҶСҲڷ㶡ӦôľȥչҶף˵ͽˣ
Ӧȴϲĺܡԭö̼ҶС׷Ȩ׳ҶСչΪá
ҶСһɱͩչۡϣ˾г֮ƣͲǿͷˣ͹ҶСڵġ
£ҶСֻΪԱҲҪ⼸׳Լʱλչͬʱ£ܼң
һҪҪΪ⼸˳棿ڳ֣ҶСһϵ²׳ҪزۣҶС첻һ˻ɽҲԶӦˡ
ԣӦ˷ȥعڣԹûʵףչҴӴ˻ޣԴɽۻ֮Ч
ӦҶСɫ֮˭˭ǣĳϣǾʹ˰֡Ѳ˺ܿ͵ʲôԹǷǣʱѲ˳湫ϣ
չݵصˣչֵܵĸҲһҪ֮֡ɱ˾ǰֵܿɲܾʹ뿪ǺҶС֮䣬ֻһ뿪
ӦЦƷһۣ欵صǲڳҲˣȻˣҲ˻ߣҵںεأ
չŭҵɱˣ
ƷݸΣѵչ۵ͷùҵӣ
㡭
չŭɶӿҪȥƷһ¶мЦӦߵĴҲĿضչչĲϡ
չһסչ֪ӦɱҶСˣǿгֵĻֵֻҲҪ
׵ǵ汻ɱ˾ǰȴΪҪչҽ׵ңҪ׵Ҳңףøе߳ܵǱ׵ŮˣӦ˵ݺһƵֳչңֶչֵ޵ˡ
ҶСΣҲ֪Ǵȥˡڣĥչֵܸɵһ˰ˣڣƱزˡ
Ӧֻܾʹ˰ݡҶСһۣӦֵȻҶĳҲӣ͸ˣ
ҶСһֱ뿪ˡչճıӰֱⰰԶȥʼûлͷչһᣬˮ
ҶС콩ӲعŲӣŻĳ嶯ֱнԶҲܿΣӣ˿Ʒɣ
ڣ
ȥɽëеĳҽףǡȥһ
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ҶС첻˵ˣĹϵһŽⲻ飬ҲûáҪǵǣҶܵ˹ƺ
ƺֻĳֲϵƺҶкˣӻûнҶѲ߱Ҫһƺ󣬷²¹εĵһѻͷϣѻȫϡ
ҶʲôˣʿһһӡƾսȥһɽԲꡣټıȨ͵λҶܻȨƣλѲˣӦô
ǰû⣬ûʱȥϸ룬ëѪѱšܡչҽʲôٶԺˣʱˡ

չ۵ʬѾʢչֵʱƥײ·棬˺״ӣϵͷϣӱһףֹԶԶȥ·ֻСá
չҵĲ·˵ͬںӱߴͷɥţһЩչİֻǳˣӵ׶࣬岢δֻҪƻˮоʹá
չ¶Աһʯϣ˫ֱŽƶĺˮͷһƬãȻǸ˵δ¸øļΣ֪ȥ
ɫ⣬°ҪɱڣҶСȣչԭ̫ܣɫ
Ȩƣɫ檳Ⱥˡһˮģչֲұ֤ˡһܹǿҵһǽһͻǿģ˸Ůһݴʣ
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ɵľ˳ˣǶչûʲôһİˣþᣬԺԥذνײҶС찡ô
ֻƵˮê̶סˣϴȥչֵʾǿ˺ۣϴԶԶվסˣɲǰѰ
չᣬվŪˣ
ϴϽͷصǣŪˣʱү
չҧҧǾ͵Ǵȥ
ϴһûҶʣһصǣС׼
ϴһ̶ˣչֵߵӱߣչȵǴˣȥЩ
չãȻ̧ͷˣҵĴǴʹϵȥһ˹ºҶСҪˣȻܲϴô
ܾôչңֻҶС죬֪֮գ޷ĲչչǴûֹҲûᡣ
Ǹѯɣͻԥվһߡͬ˷Ҳԥؾͻڵǰͷ
ǵ˻÷һǸϹʹŹһ٣ԭֻбԶб
þȻΪһˣӲѪζԭµġ˵Ů򣬿⻹û޹ȥأ첲ˣ
֪һԺչҰô󣬾Ϊһ챳չҵôչչ÷ǳԶǵ׵Ѫʱõ޶ԣ
չۺͲϣֻ˹ֻߵʱϣʱǱ̧ľϣϢһ磬Ѹٴ˹ǡ
һŻϥǰС¯Ų¯ֱߣԱ߻һȾµСϴޡ©起㱭ƷϴȰǡ
һϮɫ£ϥ·ȽȽˮһšеص衣ڲһУڱǶһᣬ¶һ˿Цݡ
˫ССһڣƷζǱζһűˣ̽ͷضҶСչ۸ɱˣ


70 
Ų豭ֳıеȡ
ſվˣ˵ҶСչ۸ɱˣвƣҲһɱˣ
ĵüǺ°ߣһԱļһȻݣĺã
Ƶص˵Ĳ£ǽô죿
ÿüëܱţǵÿһ£ѲϾ͵ҶСᣬƱػԹȺ۵壬ҶѲǱȻģҶС鷳ûء
ȭžһͷص룬㾿˵ʲô˵ĳŵڰҹĳŵô찡
˼ָֻ̣Ǹȵģ
۰Ͱ͵ؿȻͦţзųʥѳ֮⣬ȻصΪңϧ޾ͼ˰ɣ
޾ͼ˰ɣ
ȻŭУҰάۺ͵λȫҴӲΪ˥ܶΣӲ˵¸߹ͷ­ҲŮ˻ȡ棡
ȵؿ磺ǣϲأ
Ȼһ˰ΣһԲͷߡ
ȣȰΣ𱭣Сڵһڲ衣
ʵҲ֪˵ʲôãȻֻ֪Ǵ˼ˣ˱µͷСãȻҵͶôΪҵˣ

ҧгݣϵˣǰδƭûСͷһأɾһأıþҪ˹ˣᡣ
ô죿ɱôͭʡʯǷֻҪҶСһҶϵȻ߽⣬ͭʴҡʯңڶȫû㹻ĲٿӦժӡ
Ǿüˣ
һӵıͻȻժˣտġ

չչŸ׵ʬ˹ǣסչլãͭ꺮ͲܼҵĲҲ̸ϵסչҡ
꺮ͩá꺮ᣬûк
ǲϣֵܵõܡϣճףշûû֮ǰɹңǸһ֧ѪѣҪһǿͷˣǺӲ룬˹飬˾Ĺھ䵽õܲͷϡ
˴յһȻûк£һ˵ҲǺ£ҵ˶ڹͲõͭʺʯǱ߶ţ뷢ս
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ҶѲ¹ΣδؾͷսҶѲ¹Σâˣȴδȣһ˵ͷѻǿ϶ҪյģǿӲĹͷա
ֵþ춯أǣҲû취ˣ鲻Ըֻ㿪
ҶСǸʲôأ˼ҶѲǴų͢ģ͢ǸȻײᶯһ̽צӣǰүӶҪͷʹο
һ棬ܵõݵط˾ӵҲЩûСʵʵĳһѣɵ޲ƥȺ֮군Ҳڡ
˵֧ߡ
ϸòƲࡣͭǱֻһڬBãֻСֻܰа£һΪ¹УȷֻСһվĨߣ
˼ֻҶħͷŲòΥİʵ˾˼˼н͵ҪҰ
Ȼ͵͵ȥҶС죬Ĩ᣺˼Ըͬ˼Ҳһˣ˼ұһҪչˣҪ˼ҵĿԣҪԭ˼ңòã
ʱҶСΨһ¾Ǻ԰οһˣұҲûڼңȺڣһڼҲ޼£Ͱ̥ˡ
أͷϺ϶ʼնˡҲÿǣμҡ쵶ܻءС족վɽңңպСֵܣһھ֧ģ
ôǺǡ
ʦţڸˣʲô컯ǾȫԼСܲšһڵſڱȭߺţʮ㡣
ҶС쵭ɨһۣڻƷɺͼ߽ͬ˵ۡ˲󼺣ҪҶѲε鷳õİ취ǸҶѲһֵɣҶѲòʰȫ˵Ĺȥ
ôȨⳡѪȾУ󲿷վһߣôҶѲʱƣܾܿͻȡ߸߾¡Ĵ취ֻǷЩҶСȫܹܵġ
ҪӮȨڵϵ֧֣ʵҲܼ򵥣ֻҪ㹻档ԣְм䣬Щ˾үĸվάġ
澿ôܸʲôܸ٣ǲȡķʽǹͬ󶨵ķʽҪһһȥӴ̸С
ȻѲϾҪˣûôʱȥһعּ̡ͨ̽ۻۡ
ʱһӰ޴վͬôȨĽӴ̱Ȼ̡Ӱ޴ѡ˭أ
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μң
ҶСŵμˣͬԿֵĲϣμһվֳ̬֧֡ŵһֽģ鷳мһҶܣżҡܼҡչͷôܷɽˮԮΡ
ɶǣ쵶СӾȻĻˡС족ȻǱϵʮ׷ȥģҶСÿÿ𣬻Ҫ̲סһû
ǡ
ҶСԶ󿪣ҪӮòҵ֧֣һһҶСѴһһƴӣͰͻƿѡһϡƷ
Ʒ˽𣬵ƷﲢһûԶǴԵĴҰŮӣֻҪõ㹻棬ʲô˽ϡ
ҶСҪźͣҪ˼ҡҪҶĵĺôֲǣ浽֮ȥֻܷʯ䣺ϴʯ֡
ûԶĵˣҲûԶѡҶСͲϽעҪΪˣ˫ѿһ㣬ͬӰǿµĺ
ֻһμһȻֺμ棻Ҳ᲻Ͳбͼ̣ȵү̲סʱȨ͵ҶСС
ңԤڵ𣬿Ȼһ㶼ϸֻҶС֮ȷҵ̬ȺôҶСҲûҪھͶ御ˡ
ҶС˸ƷһƷ㲻ҶСôܺҶС쾿ʲôĿģһ֮ѹסŮ˵ĺģܾ˻
ҶС첢٣˶Ʒ٣ջϤƷȥһۣҶС첻ҵ飬ӱ޵ظ벻żǾͺλ欶ǵƷһϾǰ˰ɡ


71 ֮
ҶС˵ۣһϵѾȺչһ˺ߵĵۡ
ҶСͷŻƷɺﻤĸٲȥлֵȫͣȻһȫ롣
ʩѵ˳Ǳ֮ɽ룡һͯľԺеˮҶС˹æľǰ
ҶС΢Цﲻ˽ôôҷȴۿһλò绨ŮӽĪĵʿ˲ô
ǵͯͺ˵˵ǡǸǵʩ˴ǮһλʩȻҪԽӼ
ͯδˣһӾҵϣƷص
ǵͯĿɿڴګګص㡭ҪʲôҲҪǹô
ҶСҲǹҪλƯŮʩÿ
ҶСȽһٲҪȥǵͯˣֻǸү˼СƯһʱ˴⡣Ϊ۵һӣȻҪ衣
ǵͯæǰ棬ֵǲҪҪǮȥǰۣ֪͵˰¹£ǲҪ
ͯ˵ĵڶѾмע⵽ߵΣվԶԶţʱǡһλ۵˴һ䷿гڵһЩ档
ոפͣ£СͯԼԼƮһ䣺ǲҪʿʱŭдеֵĽƵģ
ǵʿɵӭλʩǵ˵һ룬·ɿһתִǵȥҶС쿴Щȣû뵽˾Ȼ
ҶС磬⡭
˽¼Уп࣬ҶСһֻۣעˣûע⵽λʩȻҶС죬ԩ·խΪһɹԸ⿴ľ֪ϸҶС졣
κҶСѾϷʵлƵĺֻ֣ͣסŲڨڨǿһȻģѽѽԭǡҶٴݹ٣
СͯҶС죬صԭʶǹ㲻˵

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ҶСЦҸӣ㲻ӰһҾܣʲô˼
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ҶСϲΣǼرܣ
˸ЦУƶֻǡŶˣƶֻһֱŴˣһֱʹ˵ǰպȻһԱʱȥһˣǻϲϽѱȡ
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ҶСֺֺЦһڵֱǺ˵˵Ҿǰ˱ûŮˣҲȥӦŮ˰˵ҶĳôҲһ˾ǱĻƻŮһҪء˵Һû̸ʽף֪ӦƷƴӰ
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ҶС쿴һװƷϥǶסҲǰһƷӡһֱ欣ɴ˿̻һװϥȴһȫͬĸо
һ˿ѩȾʤѩ񣬴Ϳ죬Ŀ壬˾֬ģͣ񵭣һġ
ǽǴĹӰ΢΢һҶСע⵽λɽһֱվǶƺǽڻȻһˡ˿̣ǻ˹ҶС졣
ҶС챻ǶЩͷƤ飬Ʒ˿һ£ɣɶȲˡֻϣԼյ϶ģǰŮжҲ׼ȷģǡ
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72 ǧѷ
ƷЦĺ欣ҶСһ˫Ц繳˵ģνɫҲˣҶСȻΪ
ЩŮˣһһ̬֣˵δ´׽ŮˡƷﲻһ򵥵ŮˣҲ鰮ŮҲȨۣˡ
ҶС˵ЦˣҶĳҶԷзǷ֮롣
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Ʒָһ㣬ʾҶСֿ˳һۡæҶƶҲˣ˵Ҫ̣ƶˡð֮˼¡
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˽˫ַϣǷҪ񹂣λţƶȥȡ
һǰӹ񹂣ȥƷȡһ裬תžӨĴɱҶСҪʲôأ
ҶСͬˡ׼ȷ˵ͬң̸һ׮ס
ƷЦص̸ףҶ٣ʵͭżҡʯܼҡչеκһҶֻǰ˽֮ɱǣֻǸ˳ɱⷽ棬вֶΡǽʵδؾͱǿ
һҶСϣѹżңֿʯңҪǵʱżͬڼҽʯֵֵ֮Ԫˣδؾ׵ص֣ҵĵ̻Ǽġ
Ʒֻⷽ棬ҲǲԻƣҪɱĸһøãֻҴҵ󣬹˼ɾͶ࣬һ޼ɵˣΪ˺۵ʸ񣿡
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Ʒһ˫Ц°۾ҶС죬Сˣģȴ쳣᣺ޣҪ
ҶСƷʲôãˣȻһ˲ţ黨ǲݣ̫ҲټΪ֮æֻ·˴įĺܰɣ
СҲһ˲ţ֪ʶȤᣬҪҪңҵıǮȣҶСҪô˵»δ˵꣬Ѿšϲӣϳȥιˡ
ҶС˿ģչšʵδˣȻʧȥͳߣҪôûеõڲһµӵҪôȱ㹻ڴڵ⡣
Ʒ侲ָֻҶСʱ־ˮ侲ô
ҶСʱšչңһѾ˵ϣȻӵг˵κȴ÷ӣǻƵıͷ޽Уָ
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ʯҡչңͼܼӰ죬ǲϣ̽ŵĵһңұҶСˡչңչͷͬͬͬˡ
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˾ϮƶȾȨڣȳ͢ͳģǧ֪͢˶ٸ˾ȴЩ˾
˾ҲǿĵĹأͳԦ񣬶֮ģΪǴһΪ쾭ģ͸ˣôó֮ģ
˾֮Ҳһһǵ̬ܺȣγһ̬ȦӣȦռ̣һ˾ĸ棬˾һ̿ʱͻƻ̬ǻô룿ʱͻֺ뷨ˡ
ԣû˸ų͢ĿڼǿҲһ˾ţҲǲϰҪڲϣˮμֻǡСС֡ͼͭʡʯҲػصԭ
Ʒĺؿ⣬ȻĹҶСһһ˵˳ֳܱ̬ȣںҶСˣڡһ֮𡱣Ȼٿǡ
ҶС΢Ц԰Ҫºʯ丮͢϶ͷͻ׳󣬵ҶĳǾǹҧ͢Ͳء
ƷﵱȻΪҶСһֻҲһƥǣҶС˵ûзϡ
ҶСֵã͢ˣ̸ݷ档ЩЩģҶĳȴûǣưԣɽ·ˣûʲôµģ
Ʒ˿ǧԽģҶСһˣѹӦ˵д˼˻еر
ҶСƷ΢Ц󼸰궼ûˡԵ´ƣ־ñغϣϾñط֣Ҳñһˡţ͢뷨Ҳ뷨ȻˮμʲôôģѵмģѪ
ƷЦ˵ҲȤ
Ʒһ˫ǵ۾ҶС죬ǣ͢ô䣬˼ȴһء
ҶСʱˡԪѾԪ谡¡ʿϵӢӦ˶˭£Ҫ˭ЦܲΪбҲ֣ĿԼͬ۰ɣǻҲȥˡ
еƷǳЦףôʲôôأ
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ƷâҶС仰ǡûҪƾɫɫ˥ܵһ죬Ҽ绪ïҲõӦϲɣȷҪչӦ벻
ƷĬ꣬ҶСȻһЦǡһ꼻ʢſҡðɣ˵ˣ
ҶСô̸̸κ

ƷһȷҶСĶã̬ȱ崺ˣҲû¶ǰֻ֮΢Цκ˵˲㣡ȡúʸǵˣҪȾʹͬ⣬ҸҲſ̸ͬ
ҲãҶСд󶨣ƷԽ˽˵³ɹĿԴԤƷȥһ᲻˵Ӧ
ҶСˣҶĳˣ
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Ʒӯӯ΢ЦҶСҾһϡڬBõЩ£ŮˣȻǾͬġ


73 
ӦƷ˵ڵҶС֮º󣬲סƷ̽ʵôȻ̶ֲٶУֱӿԼʱֺαؼأ
ӦһۣӦôӦ
ƷصūֻǾãҪֲҲɻڼᣬӦͷ¶еһ²Ϊʱ֡
š
Ӧããͭʣˣʯ丮ҪСΪҰӦҶѲͬʱǣչң鷳
ƷЦտͷɣǹգұԼ̸̸
ӦҡҡͷҶССӶҵ²ȫ̴ӦġҶѾ˺أԶˣ㻹ǾԼ̸ԱЭ顣
ƷʧЦҶСڰٲλҽִأҸּۻۣ
ӦҡͷЦѽһˣôôԣ֪֮󣬻ҶôҶС˿žɻʱҲǻúܡ
ᵽƣƷϲ¶һĨ⣬Ҫ㻹ãߣ
ӦЦ뻸ЩһͷҪΪࡣκ̫ӽʱȰ˵ɱ񣬵ºΣµˣҪ֮
ƷšһɣױԼһ£㣬Ҫϸ̸ģҲֻҶСһˡ
Ӧ¡еԵһǣЦҵĻҵģҲҵģն𽵹һЩôѽҪ̫С

ڶһ磬Ʒ֪ͨҶС죬ۼ档ʵôԼЩʧģһ˵Űݷãǰһ֪֪ͨһ㶼æլڼҲҪˣ
ž͵ţֻԼԼֻ˾ƷöҶСѸѾǷۣ̬ܲŵ̫ͣ򲻺̸УԿڴղ֪ͨ
ƷһģֻһҶС칧ѱһЩ벻֪һȫǰ׷ѹҶС˱ܷŵܡùүʱװӣүʱҲһ㲻˼
ҶСΪݵ㣬ʼƵӴ̸£Ϸһ磬εģҲһ׮˼¡
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ҶСƵط±Ŀ֮£ⳡǳ˿ġҶСΪë֮ɱ˾鷳ܴ
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ҶСӵʮ䲻٣ЩǷɢסʮɽģܱ֤ĶʹĶ޲ˣս޲ʤκνĿ궼һ֮ȫ¡
ʮɽ̾û˲ʸû˭죿˭ޣԱ˭ȣʳ˭ͣ
Ҫ̵ԭˣʮ˵ȥǾ͸ɽվסţһ˾һܣ֧ԮǾͳ񣬸򡣲Ǻֱ۵ضԱһսʿܾʤġ
£ʵòͺˣΪ˽ܹߵøԶһĿ£ΪҶСʲôҿ㹻˾ҶСƣҶܸϵʹ˺ľ档
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ҶС컹һ£Ʒע⵽ʯͯҡͯһֱɵ䱸ŲңΪͯҵ벥ݽͯҵı̲
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һֱӳӹܲҵӦȫʯͯһĿģԳ͢˾Ҳ
ΪʼеĺҶСƷ֮Ѿȫû˳μʱһĽգҺõ͡ҶҪ£ѾȨǹΪҶС˸үɿˣڵؾ
ִݹ٣Ī׵ģһҶСϾôһ䣬һԭڵʱ֧֧᣺ᡭʲôףеģҪҲᣬףд
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ҶСЩԺ˵ʲôãʲôóκ
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ҶСƣ󡣵ıȡ󸻹ģвðյģŲðκηգ˼˸ع£ǻǻؼҼΰɣֺαıҶĳ
ҡҡ
үߵ޵ݣҶС˵ͷѴǰȻое㲻ԾҶСʦİôһ¶ͱҶС׵Զˣ
̧ͷڹȴûн˵˼ʱ֣ЭĿǰ㲻ҿʼüȥȴΪΣ
ҶСؿ֪Щʲô
Цԭ߲Ѷͷʼ߰ҪΪƷйȫȻ֪ҶѲΣ㼱˳Ƚ٣ҽȻͶӦ£Ҳ֪𣿡
ҶСû˵ЦӦʲôˣҰģ뻢ıƤЦ㻹ΪüƣӦæȻܹҶѲһأķ˾ɵĸˣƾһһկס𣿡
ҶСһôķ
ͭϡʯϡչϣˡ㲻ҪˣϵĻһΪҵ˶ĿܣΪһ֣ᴮҵˣ
ҶС첻ͷ­øˣţӸµؿҶС죺ͷв֪Цɱ
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ʯͯҿƵΪˡǸ߹ҶС죬͸¶һ㣬˫˺ҶСȻӦͯϣͯΪʯĴˡ
ֻһ壬ʱЦݿˣҽȫֲ֧ж


74 
ҶСĻ̬ȴģֻ仰֮ˡ
ĵһ仰ǣҪô
ҶСĻشǣʲô
ϵͷˣôĳǣ
ĵڶ仰ҴҶҴҶȥˡ
ߵ˴ҴңʵΪҶСֻᵽõĻ£ҪˣʱҶСԸģ־ס
ΪóһĲƾҶС֮Ķ£ҶСնͷջֽݳֵϵġ
ҶС쵹ûҴСεĶˣȻһֱҲûСϲС㵱˵ǷֻΪһָ׵ķʽҺˡ
ҶСǸˣȻϲŮˣϲûиϣҲΪСС˼ҳӵܣŻĿ
ǺӵܣһͶĿȾͲˡŷйȻģĽϾΪãΪŵԣǵĽ϶
ģϲŮˣݵλ䲻Ǿ͵ɽźˣԵõ谮ûеġеҲûУ־
ҶС﹫һֱ͵˴ſڣƾҳݣ͵ȻġڴſڣȴһӸոոϵ
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³ҪıߣȻһۿʱһĶŵСŮЦ¶ݡвҡȹߴ𡢺
΢΢üͷδޣ׾ͼ縺˼ΣϳɣȻӨӨһܵ˼ݵıȴҲһ¡ǰһδСãʵֶԵİĽ
صιã
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쵶Ƶ˳õıֶƷŸɣǺģҲúԼðĺܡ
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ȹСȻʶԼЩΣϽַŲС鲽˳ں濴ƤӣʧЦ
ǣϣⰰҶС칰֣쵶ͷһ֣ᳵȥˡҶСӸض쵶쵶ȡˣ
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ҶСʲôЦÿμҰæʱһͻСˣֲΪΰ
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ҶСݣһᲦŪŲҶ쵶ȻˣɫһŭĿյʱЦգҶС켷üŪ۵صҿߵʱüɫ裬ǲʲôҪң
ҶС̧ͷ쵶ôûƤûûʲô˵ģذɡ
쵶һƨɣԱһ£ĶͷҶˣӦʲôᣬҲ϶ᡣ
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ֻǺɱģκһҶ̸ϹϵأҪҲڣڵһĶֵϣܷȥ
ڲͬˣ㲻Ҫȱţ̩ɽˡšܡչǼڣĴǲֵģ˹ϸΪһôҵҶˣǻıǳͣԽԽˡ
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ҶС̾Σͷûһĳֵһѣ뻢ıƤҲãֹҲգҲֻýˡ
쵶ڱɫҶĪ治μұ
ҶСؿмŲܼҡչҺͯңҵ棬쵶ִô
쵶ЦҪвμҰΣʱΪҲԮչܣ㲻ҾͲ֧ԮʸסһӦе
ҶСչЦҪô
쵶һʲôӦҶС첻μʵܣôһϲصӣ
ӦҶСȻӦ۽½ţ˾ٴ򽻵ɵ϶֪һڴʯ丮⣬ⲢܣΪͷϺῴô֣аտƣһֵʰǳǳ͢ˣɲǰүԸ
쵶ĿһǼڰүӲ֣
ҶСҡҡͷүӻ᲻ֵֻ֣ʲô̶ȣһֹܷӦҶ֪
㡭
Ҳ֪ûκ֪ˣӦŻ᳢ԡүҲǸͣѾʮûгˣ˭Ҳ֪ԼʮĿޣǷѾԽֻĵһѾѾӲҪԲ֪ɡ
쵶Ũüšһ񣺡ҲǱȫ˵ʲôܲܰѻ˵øһЩ
ҶСѾˣβȥı÷ֽһ
쵶ɵؿҶС죬ãһӣͦãȥ
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쵶һٲߣػҶС׷ںˣ쵶ߣҪһ쵶֡
ҶС׷쵶˴ţͼһгͷ쵶ʱҪ󣬴ᦶȴǰҡ


75 Ʒ¯
쵶һ˵ɾ֪ǰҵˣ˳з̫ҡ˶֪㸻Сǿʱ͸Ҫĸкʵϡųˡ
ʱ֧Ѿǰͣ£˸ǱִűĵʿųУ粻һһĳ棬ҶСϾ뵽һˣˣ
쵶ǼˣΪͲòͣһԹۿҶС칰֣Թ˴ȥˡ
ʱмһСƿݰ׵С׸Ϲȥźý̤Ԫ㻯һռٳ˱ˡ
ҡҡڰڵ˳ߺӵʮʿųˣҶСҡڵ߹
ϳϳɿһҶС죬ְѶѹЩͷֻܿƮƮƾ˭ʱֻע⵽ɣȥһϳҶСȫûע⵽⳵Ĺˣĺ
ۿ˵˽ǰҶС׵ݹ٣԰δԶӭʧʧ񣡡
ҶС˵һʱϷʹӦԼǰֻۣҪбڣԳ˾ͱϹϾִ
ڹȨҪλǺõģƻ˳˵ʥû˿ôóҲδûôѿʼɡ
ƾ֪ĵϸԴЮȣȻõİ취ǶʩҶСҲȨһԳ˾ÿȥۣǮȻҲǾٵġ
񵭵һЦ׵ƶĴæ˸֪ð֮Ҷԭ¡
ҶС˿
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˹һЦ˰֣粽硢תȻһ֣ոսԺӵĶʮʿ׷£ֻʣˣҡ
ҶС˽˿˻˾ɲ裬źʵ֪˽ռٺᣬкָ̰
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ҶСӣΣӣԭˣҾͷˡ˵մݹ٣Ϊ°
΢΢һЦǰգҴӦҪһԶ¯ģǼԼ
ҶС΢΢Щ棬ӣŶȡҿĶ¯Ҫ̫󣬻ĵˡҼͲײˡ
һЦ󣬲ǡǡãǡǡð
ʾһ£±߳ſڡ
ҶС֪¯дССĺ¯࣬ȫһڼǾҪشǧˣǹ˼õķ֮һҪǰͭʰԼϣȷ̫ʡ
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ҶСãȻ˿ŤͷԳ˵¯أ
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˱Լõģֻϧ¶ţѴǸ϶Ȼ׼Ůߡ
ŮˣˡӪǸγһֱڵĻɣŮˣһ¶ľӪҲͱˡ
СϣĸΥǡʱҶСۣ֪ϸҶС죬Ǽ˶ܿܳԣת͸ҶСˡʱҶСôһ飬˼̨Բ˽һĻ
¯һߣڷ˫޵ŮҲΪ¯ʡԵ¯ߣʮϣüĿ㣬ݰ״죬òƤϸ壬ߣҲһ׼ǰݵòСãĵȷȷһƷ¯
ҶСȻΣŤͷԳ˵¯ô
ҲǸˣ̹Ȼ㣬ܵ򡣡
ҶС췭˸۶˭᣿ֻҪʯ򡣡
˿һҶ٣װš

һˮˮмԡ
ÿ˶ϲԡʽͭʸλڬBãϲˮҷĻ꣬ϲԡþΪĦ
ڬBôһǳŮİ֮ģҲΪ縺̫࣬ѹ̫û˰ţԾӪһ壬ᣬΨʱַͨʽܷ
ͬ縺ΣСڽҪǿټϻҪе˾󲿷ֵص滺ѹķʽܶ࣬ڬBһӰԡʱķɺܡ
ϴԡʱֻҪһͰȪˮκϴԡ֮ΪҪеط˵ǴƳ͢ģϼΪ
ҵշŮӸһͻĸÿֶطƵҩˮΪϴԡ˳һ£ķʾͻ÷ǳǳر
ķʻþӨ͸ѩỬУַԶٸı䣬ǰҵĵطȥᱻɹƤ죬ֻҪߵĵطò˶þͻָõɹڡ
ˮΪ׻Сδ򡱵¼ʤѩԶʤһˣҲһҪԭԣǴӲҪʹøϴԡ֮ס󻬼ġ
СˮУһ˫۾һˮĶţ¶ˮ棬Ƥ󣬸һֹ廪ľ޸С
һֱŲΪû뵽ҶСȻô졢ôɾؾͰչ۸ɵˣΪ˫ٻӸأ˾֮Ǽҳ㷹˭ϡ
Ҫгŵ޸С˼˺ܾãҲһԷڡӵɡǡѰԼͣҶС쵱ʱҲûзԣҪгŵҲҶСװɡ
ѲҴС㻹ðԼϴװװƷУϵۺɫĺᣬȥС㲻ˣ΢΢ĵü޺޵شһˮ桭
ˮӿֻѩʱһȿڶ̿㡢߽̽ҶΣˣ
С㡰һˮվһ˫ӯ̤Ϸľףˮʹ޳ķ۾ԸеǡǶ¡ѩ㻬Ȼϸϣ괦һת˫۹µĴȡ
һϮһƮ£СɴݵǰУֻſ˫ۣӺ濴ȥǹ⻬񱳡խխ¡ΣֻǴէй㱻


76 ڼ˼
ǵϤٻӰϰݷڵء
ǭرȽϱҲбĺôŴլĽԼһЩϰΪɱźʱķϰߡ
Ժţʽɫʡʽ򵥶ֲʧԡۣеͰļҾߡʢʱ˵ţй𻰵ϰߡ
һչչᣬһӯӯع׵үһȥҶС촦˲֪˵ЩʲôүܿͳˣɫϿϲŭ
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ص̴½ջҵʵףѧҲ᲻á׳꣬ǻɽܸʮΣʱɽʱָףسδΪҲ
ҶСҡҡͷһôСĺܣð
ؼ̣ɽڣûհ
ҶСЦãҶѲˣҿ᲻ɱң
شһϸ룬ҡͷᣡ
ҶСɣ
ص٣١ɱ˶̣ɸĶģȴЩʵۣѲô֮أӲԶͼıѲҲ򣬳ʹУɱͷ򲻻ᣡ
ҶСЦˣһʲô
ؼȻû̾ʹֻܵʲôĳͷչܡ˻Źûǻûֵġ
ҶС΢΢۾Ҿòûôء
ػȰҶС㻹ǵҽµǸԴǣ
΢΢һѧǵģô
ҶСѳ˶˵Ļ˵һ飬صҶѲл֪ظҵĻ
ϸϸƷζһɵνԴԣѲ˷ǶԶʾˣֻǡл᲻թ
ҶСҡͷᣡ
ص
ҶСţΪһ⽮λ磬Ҫң˾ֺϺȨǵԸαԽݣô˱ֶأ
ҶС컺վҹˣȥϢɣһȥӭһӭλѲ

ڶһ磬ѼȨ׷ǰʮͤӭѲˡ
ʹ˾̰ʹ˾ָʹ˾ͬѲŵ͸ϵʮͤù֡øڣ׼
ҶСҲһϵʮͤԶԶһͼ·ӣΰʣвˮģɢǶŵġŲˮ졣
ҶСҴһɨһر࣬һƣмһˣǻ硣Ѳ˵ʦүݣʹΧм䣬һ㡣
ȻΧҪ˾ϵͳˣϵͳǱҪģѲ˸еľҪУȴһѲ˵ʦүҲðͽᡣ
ҶСһӣʧЦֹס˲ӣûǰš⣬˲Ϊ֮Ŀǰ˻ͷġ
ҶСһ˰ۣԭʶҶСģʱҲ֪ݣֻԶ˽˽ǰʮͤΨҶС壬˸ҽӽ
ʱȴһ۹ٶȻӵӭֵĲΣԲڣ˫ĿϸҶС춨һǾΥ˵
˵ҶС͹Ц֣ϲϲѲʽˣصƿ
ϽЦҶСʩһҶСʶҶС˶Щ𣬺ҶСǡ֮ҮŷǰԼˡ
ҶС캮Ѽ䣬صѲ˵ˣȻϲ£κĳѲˣ²ΰ˵λҶоɣֻĳԵʶԻúտҶΪ
ףҴȥҶСλͦͬģֱۣЦ΢΢ӭȥ
䡱һ£ҶСһһȥΧڻΧ˲ݵڲӬһɢͦ¸оĻ΢죬̧ͷһ֪ҶС쵽ˡ
ҶСصҶĳΪһ¡λѲŵλҪͬùµģ׽׽
Ͻǰ¶ĵЦݣԻ繰ֵ٣Ҫ뻨հ
һһǰÿ궼ȥͭʸλǼģôλʶӣ
תһ룬粻ЩЦʱλһĿڶӣѹֶӡˡǿֵԭ
ҶСصͭһཻҶĳ֪ˣҪ뻨շѽ
ŶԭҶٵ֪ѡ翴һĨһɫʣҡҡЦĺܿģȻҶٵѣӣĳһ


80 ̨ݵ
ƺһʣ˺̸ܿЦˡҶСԱߣ˲ԸǰţԻٺ̸һ
ʱп˵Ѳ˵̾ǰˣ׼
ųУųСзֱĹ١ٺжιٵУְٰĴССǱߵĹ١ٺûг͢Ĺְ˾λվͨʿǣվߵҡźȥˡ
ʵҶѲĳӱӦñȴʱҪСʱִܵǱҲ˲ʱǰ̽·ۿʮͤ̽رҶѲͣ
ǰɽˮظ·ǲܴӡӣһ·ɭϵġʱŻĹٷྲرܡΡɫӺġ
ٺ˸»ʵæһԾ͵һ󡣵ȵȫ׼ϣҶѲʽϵѲ̣һ·ֱ࣬ʮͤ
ǰѾԿѲ˵ĳӰˣڹԱʿֹͣɧ׷׹׼ӭʱ󷽺ȻһϹ
ʿм令һܻͶͶһ뷢԰׵ˣϴ񵭵Цݣ١м仺߹ȥ
һɧ˭ʱŵҴݵƺԶλѲ˻Ҫҡ΢ڸʣŤͷһ˾֮άүӣ˲ֻһݡ
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ѹ˾ȣѲΣǴӭġ
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ǹݲͬʡݣٵ£ʵ̫࣬Ѳ˵ӰȨʹӰˣ԰ҵĵλүȫûбҪӭ
үˣУλܳҶܣеĵλʱҲһԭлЩΪȻĹԱҲ
͵˶ǰͣӺĸװⰰڻңүɶڻûվֱǶ鵽˽ǰүӲһ̤ͣʾ̧˰£վ
Ѳȵӡӡӡƶӡ˽ǰ׷ңӹӭԱ߷ٶȻйǰͣʱˢˢͣסȻмһת
ʮѲ˵ĳվͷۿΰϵʿ嵶Ҷܣеĳǹǹ˶жѴϸɭĸǹһ߰볤η
ģһ㲻Ϊ̫ˣԱû˸Ǻһؼµսġȴ뻮һվ
ҶС΢΢۾йλҶѲԺл˴ӭҶѲˣÿһһ˵ҶѲ̽ϲã˲²ʩҪ򡭡
ҶС½ǶȱȽر̰һֱΪ̨ϿЩ桢¡صĸ߹ٴԱʲôҪ̽ǵ˽˽У׼ȷжһ˵ƷСԸΪ˴磬ҲˣȴҶ˽Ϊ
ȻĽûʲôǰһķ֣ҶС첢ǾӣҲ಻Ϊ˵˽λҶѲûУһľӣʲô˽¾ʲô
ܹһ⽮µķֶΡĻǻȻеģֱ޸֪ͨһͿĵز߹ٵģǧҲһ𣬿˶ƣ̸ϵġ
ҪڹٳΪӵ̬иɳһҵûһıֶΣ㼫˳̵İʵҲϷ̨ݵٺùٲ٣ʷİͬദʵ飬ֶҲΪԲġ
Ҷͬˣ°үӣԽΪˣǰӭԼһֶΡǾҶС飬ҶѲĵȷȷ˽޿ûκοɹİѱ
һľӣҶСȻҲǼΪģһ˶ϣȻҲǼӦġҶСǰѾҶ͸ǸԴǣﻹЩ
Ҷܣ࣬¸ΪıԣϱȨ䣬˵
άһ˫ۣһĬĬҶۣܵһЦ΢΢ؿǸƿĻڴشӳ߳Ѳˡ
Ҷʱʮ꣬뷢ԺڣʣʱӦǸӡʵܱΪʿ˾ûгòģĲźáɼǲɵģҲѡٵһҪ׼
ҶԳ߳ĿһɨڹٳѬճׯµʣһǵơһΪۣ֮λϴ˲ǺûŪˡ
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ǰүӰɣҶŰүӵ֣ȵҡ˼£صҶĳΪ٣Ҫάְ
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ִִЦؼǰҶܼȻǰվ⸺Ϊά鵱عʸȻģǼ¶Ļᡣ
⼸˾ҽʣʵҲֻΪӼҶСʱԼ˵ģǰʶʶԱ飬ҲһҪԭ
̣ѧΪ飬λˮμҵοʹ
ΪҶ˽ˣհĴҵ˳ȽļŲ˾١ɴҲɿλȨٻר֮ȨѲˣ˾ĵλĴ˾֮µġ
ҶС쿴ӦĸȥЦ΢΢ЩӲɰ룺ңʵٿŵڶȴðռǰµ֮󣬿Ҳ̫
һһǰʸĺҶֶѼ䣬ʸи˵һߣֵҶСʱһ٣λţ˾ҶС졣
ʮͤǰɽ˺һȴѻȸ˶ϢţǲŲҶܴǰ˽˵صΣҶС㲻ȫ֪Ҳ֪ˣҪζԴˡ
ҶܶԱĵλ൱ĹԱֻ΢ЦŵͷûڶԷϣԷȷʱһ˵ҶС죬ҶܵĿȴʵʵڵضҶСϡ
ҶǸԵ΢ЦϸҶСۣ΢΢ͷȻҶ峿šϷ˵㣡
Ҷ峿ҶСôҶ峿Īı̨֣ô֪ı֣ڳȨУųɾŶû˵ҶС֣ʱ


81 һ
ҶСҶܵĻ΢΢һҶѲ˵Լôһ֡
ʵȻеСӲ󵳺ûʲôֻͣڴ˸ָǻʵ۴ԶȴʮӡʮƥиֵǮ
ְߣһͱֶûˣǶԵطϵС˵ֻҪлʵ۴֣һǨᣬͻͬʵǰ棬ȵ١
ϧҲǷĺ׼ģڹУҶС󣬳˾еһԱվ˾룬ŷͱֶ˵ûʲôá
˾ǴԳ͢н䱸ҫ·иãڲˡʱҶһ˵ҶС⵵
˾ǲںʵ۴֣УأںҶѲ٣뵽ҶСаϲæٴʩ񣺡ǣ峿̨ˡ
ڸ̨ǰƹְƱ֣ϵɾ׽ˣִֶ񰡡˾ѲҶС˹ʺˣֺ˼Ҹ̨˹ϵһѹȷѪ꣬Ȼȵضɹѹء
ҶܹһЦûҶС˵ǼӼԱҶС˵еУ£ȻͷһЩԾ
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ҶܻСʱʱ䣬ŽӼ˴ǰӭĸȨҶȵŰүһͬǳʼǽˡ
ǰۿҪ˳ſڣȻͣסˡʱҶܵĳǰ棬ӭӵں棬ҶСҲ֪ʲô£˶ϣӳ˲ǰ
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Χв֪˷׷ҶС죬ҶСŹģ˫һ룬ڹԱĵ·мǰȥ
ҶСϵߣһУѵҪСˣչܡҶ˳ţ̨˸ĺ״أ
ҶСһȻǡҶСסԻ΢΢ף
ҶСϵǰ棬һƳǰΣȻչܡˡ
չչТͬһ׵չҶɣֱͦͦعڵϣллᦶչչм䣬ͣһڹײġ
мǲܼҵˣͬһأ棬ڹײģӦþǲϣͲƵĹˡ
ڵϵ꺮ҲһڹײģʢȻͩʬ
ǰ׻һƬ㶼ТˣкܶڷغޣͷϻֽǮ׷·ѩ
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һأ˫ԹΪβȰִⲻ뿪ҶСһɢȥͷɱ
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ҶСŲӵĿ⣬תϿȥѾҶѲͰүڳУҶѲˮֱǰүḧźƽؿƺһĨЦ⡣
ҶС쳤˿ǰⰰߵǰҶܳһҾ¹Ҷ峿̨ˡ
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ҶСͷһۣҶܱȭ¹ͭżҡʯܼҡչ֮䣬ЩССͻ⾹˸̨ˣʵ
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ҶС򶨵ص̨ˣֻɱһ͢٣Ƕˣ
ҶԭҲ֪
ҶСǣ̨֪¹ļҽԵɣ¹Եһһ˵¹ٵȷģ¹
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ҶС˫һţֹ˾ʿǰҶ̨ܴˣ¹֮г͢ȳΡ͢ȣǭ涨ģ̨˼Ȼαʡ̨Ӧ֪°ɣ
Ҷ΢΢һ˵ʲô
ҶСҴ˾Ȩ¹ţ˾Ϯ٣һλ˾Ҵ¹ɱˣԷ¹Ը⽻ɷ𣡡
չչ꺮һŭɶصԷǽһɽҲֲ˼Ҹֵ֡ܣ
չǰһҶܱǫ̃̄ˣ͢ɷڴ˵ȷ飬Ҹ֮ȷΪҲһʱڽǴ֣
ҶСɱʯϡϣͭԼҸλ˾ȫҰĲƣͼռأŲֶΡɱֶβ̱ŰɱƽߣѰɷ
еɱһ˺ɱˣСᲢۣңɱ߲ͨ񣬶һ˾ݣҲõķ֮ȨҵȱҶСȺ븧̨һΪֹ
Χ£ڽϽȨǼһĻ׷ʯͯϼ峤ͯЦһޣб浶ǹظȥͯĳҲӣȻ볯͢ûгϢ
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˾һĶֵأһңĺܡǾҶСһƥȺ֮Ȼ޲Ҫǽ֮͢һͷϲҲ˸𹿣
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С꣬һ겻һ˰
չչͲҲˣϾˣ꺮ټͣôҲ˲֪أԽԽȥˡ
չչԼꡢ꺮˲Щ˵ۣǱҶǰˢˢ򵹣޵ҵԩѩ븧̨ΪҵԩΪҵֹ
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ҵļȸҶܿһñӣ漴˷غ˴ǳſڣȻͷ˵·Թ̨ͨһ֣аѶӵǽ϶վˡ
չܡҳƤ˺öűôһ⣬ȻһЩȴЧ˾ԸոεҶ˵ȷһصĿ顣
Ҷܲ£Ȼ˾үǰ̧ӡҲҪɨˡⶫһʧȥһˡ
ú˶һмӳáòмЧã󲿷˾ηʣ¼ѱ֮̾׵ö࣬󲿷˾¶ֻλһҪڹꪳɳ
չܡ׼һ㣬ş̌ױƹҶС쿪ҶڳϣĿ֮£Ҳ֪εĹؼʱˡ


82 Цã1
ʲô£ܵõȸ̨˵˵ɣѲɾ·ϰ蹫𣿡ؼʱ̣ǰүЦеزһ죬ҶѲ¿Ըѿһ˵ȴѲ˵ˡ
аүӷչܡҲԸصС죬Ѿȥˣ̨ѾϻڴϹǹϹûʲôһ˵ȱƺƵѲſΡ
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е˶ûߣ·һĻ˹ģĿǶ֪θ̨ӦһѹأڹȨԼͬظȥѲţ˻ǧطȺйߵһȺˡ
ѲʵǺܴΪѲǶ٣ȫʦүûʽѲûһǳ͢ίε١
ѲŽĺ׳ǰ䣬ȣššɼ䣬㶼ȫġѲ˼ӵԺ䣬滹һ͹ڴ˱Ƚٰشף
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˾Աֻܾĩ䵱ڵطͬ¡صԸӡҪ˵ڹݣǷ£ֹǰûСԺҲС
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׳۵ĳ棬ͺ䶯ȫǣķƼѲΧ۵İԽԽ࣬ûа취ԺֱӹʱҲǰɹܣþ취ߵϢ
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ҶСϷݣһģȻҲ·硣߼ţ︮չչ̧ŹײĶ˳ŵʱ򣬵Ѽˡ
˵ȻⲻθֶΣȴЧҶѲһξָͷζҪϳˡ
һ˴Ϣ˵ҶСѾѺ̨˸ոξҪʰһ˵ȶѲȥˡȻ𣬷Ը
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һ˳˵ǱܶŻɣ֪֮һϳ棬ӦܹɣԴˣǵ÷֮
ӵнӹ磬겻ңӦڳ˼ĺľҪѹͷϵˣע⵽ЩԻ͹վˣ

̨֮ϣ˫粻ݡ
ͩЦԷΣ
ͩתҶܣֵ̨ˣҶСͭʸƹٵʱ巽Ȩӵܼɫ⣬һŮȨ˼ҲҪɷҶСȴִ׻ǿ˵Դ
ֵԼȴȻ̤ɷҪˣǿЦ֮˹֮ͽֱ޳֮ϧȻԱУ
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ҶСؿͩһ䡣Ҷͩ˵ҶСͭƹʱηǿȨΪŮԩȻն٣к͡
Ͼ;ʿĶˣҶСڹ֮ϳԴףüͷһ壬ҶС죬֮ϣֻܱó״
¹ҶСҶѲʩһָתͩӣһʵһĿäȻ
ͩݺݵصͬǴɷͬҪԷʲôһ
ҶС˹һָ֮ɣҳ̫ʵʩǭ˵ĶݣҲ̫ʵǭؾ׵ԭ򣬸֮ʵУҪ
Ӧ˸Цʵʲô
ҶСһۣλ˾ͦϵİͿʼˣҪߵ·ԼֽȻͬϵļһԶһǶư͵үǿ
ҶСһҪǭأĻѵ˵˾ܵԭǸȥҲɱˣɱ˶һӾһ֮ûĵ
ڶ뱻棬ǭˣһԭܵǭɱˣֻǭɱ˴ԭˣҲմɷôҪ´ң
ҶСתҶѲֵŮ٣ǭˣܵǸŮȴǵˡ¹ٲκһ˾ǼǻƲᣬֱܹٸϽٸ˰֮Ϊܱ̫֮ɽп⣡
ҶС츴תչͩˣȻңٰǭϮ˾ɱǼ࣬ҵҲһӷǭءǭ֮䣬̫ʵǭ֮ʲô𣿡
Ҷܸźҿ˿Ρ˾Լͬص˵ͷȻΪȻҶСôͣά˾׼Ȩ棬ǱӻҶС˺ڣȻͬ
үһزױ̬¶ЦӣҲǲԵġչչһˣչǰ̨ˣҵɲͨˣ
ҶС֣ӷͬﰡ
ҲͺˣƫƫǻгչʬһȥҶСһ˵м䣬е֮ϣҪʲô
Ҷܡžһľľȵͳͳྲ˭ֹãҹ򽫳ȥ


83 Цã2
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걯Цһǰǰ˵Ҫ˭Ϊֹ
תҶܣ̡߲һڵأ˵̨ˣϳ磬¹١Ҳ
ϳ磬¹ٲ꺮һҲŹˡչչѧһһҶǰ⼸ҵֶһϺȻ򵹣
˾ڹ׷׿ҶܣҶܶʱܵ˳صѹǲеģֻҪóȥǰϺ涼˳ȥ
ʹһ־ⰸȻ¹εҲûˣͷôȨ£˵̸ףʱľλ̨ʬλزͣΪ壬νպǶﴫˡ
ʱΥҪʮпѴóȥ罻ר˾ɷϵ˾ֻĴ飬Ǿ͸Цˡ
˾ѾѰӱǰȻҵ㵽ˣ죡ָΰ죿
ҶС˵òƺеҶԣһʷ£ʵҲǽκġ
ҿȫԲܣҶѲȻϿִ취ǺãˣַţȥɱҶС󣬴˽һţ뷽治ǻɱһҶѲ񲻳һ裿
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ڹҶѲд㣬ҶСǰ;һʺȥ͢лᡢнڰͶ͵ˣǲ̫˷ô
Ҷ֮ǰ֪ҶСһؽһشսҵһ߻ķչ˳µذԸչȴ޷ȹ滮ġ
ʱҶܸźü˼˶Ϊ̨Ƕо˰ί£ȴ֪Ҷ̨˴Ҫǵκݳ
ʱһֵۿ첽߽ãϥضҶ̨ܵˣǰһŮӣԳǱҪ֤֤
ţҶ˼δһõİ취Ҫ֤ʱһԸϴ
Ҷֻһ˵̲µԳ֤ŮӴıضǶҶСϢ
ԭܼ򵥣ͻѵչܡңԤıȻǼлһٸɵҶС죬ʲôˣٴҲѿԴҶС֤Ҫֵ˵زó
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ʲô΢ˣʲôгɴˣŮӿã·һĴ磬ʱǡǳ¶΢ıɴ΢΢Ť˵ߣ·һд⻭룬ζ
סˣڵһվôˣ˴СֳֵһۣûнӻҶӯӯظһ񣬵Ų̊ˡ
ҴС㣿ôаӦõˣҶʻʵĻֵ̧񣬷۽Ǵ˰Ҫ֤
֮ϣȻѣ˵ţժˡǳ¶ҶܶپǰһǭȻƫԶȴɽˮݡع㣬óŮӰ
ڳ󲿷ȨʶʶģϴڰҲˣԼ͡׷ɱչ˾ҴС㣬ֻҪˣ˭ǵã
ҶܵôҪΪ֤أ
Ϊţ˾ҶС֤
Ҷ֤ܵʲô
֤ҶСɱΪѶΪ֮
϶ʱһƬȻȻոշڶͻȻֹ֮ʣҲԼղżʲô
¶ҶǹǳһµŻ⣬ǶʮûôǸС۵ף֪֤ҶСɱˣʲôþȵģ
ҶµؿŶǾ˵˵ҶСԵɱˡ
˶֪ΨҶѲٱǲӦ֪Щ˵һ飺չϲޣζɫ⣬°ܺΪ׷ɱҶСξζɽչκģڻϪͼɱҶС졭
ֻ˵ҲǽҶСչ۵ĶԹԹ漰šңǺεˣȻˣ˷ѻĵ
Դǲ࣬ȴ漴ҶСڳɽģһţһ֮ػΪԼص˵һ飬żҶСԹͼɱ˵ɺͶʱˡ
ְѲϣҶȨ֮¤ҶСɽկھʱռҶСأҶСٶȳɽֶص˵һ顣
һܼҶСԹҲˣһ˵ĹԳЩŮǻЩĵģҶ˾ҲסһŮ˶ͰѾľһģ˼ҡֻ˵뱾йص顱ˣ˵ǹɫۡ
˵ԣڻϪšܡչһͬšչ֣ͼɱҶС죡
չ˵ⶼһ֮ǣ
ǲǺ˵ֻϧڹײشˣʲôݣʵˣŮ᲻ϧ֤𣿡
չȻУڰֻҪҶСɱҵͼ޸ҵѾˣ˻Լ֤ʻô
һֱûҶСʱ˳ιιιչ϶⻰ɲ԰˵ⷬʱ֮ûлԼи⡣ΪʲôҪɱΪأﻹиĹϵôˡ
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ҶСɲŮûŮĴ̨үʵڲˣҶ̨ѾľݺݵһģʱĻ


84 Цã3
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Ҷ˿ҶСӣݺݵغǳһ䣬תɫʵ֮Կ֤֤
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һףûĸŮָܳ˵֪ۣɵ˵⻹ͷһΰСòҰ׵ɫȻͷȥٿģСⲻȫһɵİ
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չӿڵǰ԰λûûûûֺܵܵ˼ˡʵ㲻ôίģչĳȱһͨѾͷҪȻ͸ˣ֤̺桭
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Ҷ̨ץžľžžžĵֶˣֹǣֿǣ
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ֻҪԷŵۣĽֻɫǰ̡ῼ˷ġʿģڰԼ˿ĵز
ҶĿһҶСôʲôϵ
ҶСشҶָܱһ䣺㾿ʲôϵ̶ܴϾ֤ǷšҶС죬Ҫˣش𣡡


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һƬž֮˾ѻȸҶѲҶСȻƫ̻֮ģһظѵ仰Ҷóеĺ⡣
ҶѲǹϵͳ߹ԱΪϵͳĴϺϵͳʹڶ״̬𿴰үǰӭҶѲүͬһһźϵĲͬ˴˸ķ磬ȻڶӪ
ҶСϵͳȴϵͳܿѱͬ׳Ϊ˾ӪһԱĿǰɶҶ׽еģҶٶԳ͢ҲȻЩͳٸͬС
עҶСչܡҵķУҶѲӸҪҶСһֻǰҶѲȻûҵõĽڣ̬Ȳ̫ʡ
ڣǾĹʴˣֻҪҶСû˽飬ΪޣôҶѲͿ԰ĹΪҪаݡ
ҶСôأزȥҶС죬Ҳ֪ðĿ⿴ģĲܿƵ߲ҶСôشȷĲȷ
ŮˣŮˣһλȨغ׵õŮ˵УҲعĽɽΪ˲һЦȼϷŪ֪ɥǰѻ
ҶСھ֪жɿԽƱ磬һɱĸ˾¶ǿ˵ġĹʣɱоɴͬ
ʧȥᣬĴۼ㲻ҲΪأôѡϳ˶ˣе˶ڿҶС졣
ÿˣﲻʣңѡ񣿡
˾ԼȨ󣬼ɲ֮ѡЩȽϺɫľɫҡˣҲ˽ɽˣû˽ɽҲزס
ˮվԵʣڰҶѲԼʳ⡣үӸź룬Цˣ⻹ôκһ־־˶Ӧ׸ѡ
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ʱſҶС죬۾ЩȣȴǿţŲҪжĵᣬС㶪ˡ
ҶСʱҲմȨһСˡǶɵһЩоϰûб䣬ɱźܶ౾ɫҲһҲ޷ɳΪһϸ˰ɡ
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˿ޱȰڹϵһУͥԺе˶ףչʱ֪ΪҶС
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չһתſڶȥ֮֮ĺᵶᰮʵûվˡչû嵽ſڣԡһһӰñһٶȳ˳ȥ
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ҶܴŸ˰ɰԼǰ뷨չӦȻһ
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ݶ棬϶ֱ˼ϸʯ丮Զݰ˸еԴʧȥͳ˼˸Ȩ˼˸͵ʧȥˡ
ȻǶӦһε˾Եģڵطϵ˵˸˾ôûˡ
벥ڵ֮У˼ϸĴıᣬĴܶľԶˮˮμҴûȣҪԶĻˮμҸҲȽϼֵ֣ľǺ͹ȥʯһֱ͵ͭʡ
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ҶСʵټŮݣҹʵ˷ٺʲӦҶС죬ӻҪġ
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Ӧ˵ЦؿңֶҶЦ̸԰ĳⷬ˵ǾԵĹۣ֮ĳôƫ̻ҶС죬ǲǣ
šҶܸү̧һ˫ۣһӦֿ˿Ҷܣصпԭ޿ˡ
СҶȴ˶УӦΪҶС֤ǣ˰ү仰ȴ˾
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Ҷܡžһ¾ľһдʽǽˣġϵԱȫըˡ
ү΢΢¶һ˿Ц⣬һ˿Ц⣬ֻЦ˼漴ͱȥˡ
ӦļѾ뿪ΣΪҶСһ⻰ȻְѼϡ
ĿҶС쿴ȥҶСһЦҶܣ٣ϲģҹҵ̶ˣ̴ı̻
һ뵽̣ؿҲһĨЦ⣬ҶС΢΢һЩˣҶҪˣôĸ𣿲ֱ˵ҶСֲƤˣұôôûİ㣿ȵȡ
ҶСϾʶЩˣת룬кȻҲ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ʱһ㬣֪ûҶ̨⣬ЩЦǵѽ㲻һԸôôͲ²ҶܵĻ
ͬʱеСС⣬ȵùҶСĵطʵڲ࣬ԽӦЩܿġʱҶС֪ҶСҲ׹ˡ
Ĵ˾ûһʲôӱ˴ļ岻ϧһȫֽôһþǵļʶıҲҪһˡ
ʱȺ³Ҷܵı⣬԰ɽҲˣҲв³ҶģȻֻ³ģЩû³ľʱȺڡ
ҶСȲҲҶӣǻҲŲܡҶ̨Ҫ䲿ʲô˼˵ûʵƯһ٣ⲻǱŷٵȨô
֮ôԼ£öңԼҶѲ٣һţֻҪǾͿǵĲְ֮ռأѪеذڴĽɽҵˣ
ııʲôıܲ²µóҶܵıģǱҪԵģǿҷԣҶѲնģܳɡ
ܡչ˾ԩԩ˭ȥܣԭ⣬òһֱ˾Ȩ಻סؽ̨ˣвװ
ϰϰ
۴꺮չչ˶ŭĿӣʲôжϰҶС˵𣿡
˾ǶΪҶ֤ɱˣпԭо̫ˣ븧̨˼
ɱ˺͵̨˸ɴնҶСɣǽ߳ӵ
ԱС죡ҶС˭ȥţ䵽Ҷ̨У
˲㶮ʲôһû˵أֶҶܸߺ븧ּ̨͢ţֲɼ飬ֱ𻮹żҡڼаɡ
вɣƾʲôǣ̨ˣչأ˾ְӦŮˡֵܡֶӡ˳λ̳С
ҶСûŮ
Ǿͷˡ
ҶСûзˣֻһҡ
ƨҶСƹʱ檣ǾǷˡȨְȨġ
˵ҶСиֵܣĲ䲻͡
ǻֵܵ˾ĺãˣҶСôô˽⣿
ٺ٣Ϸ˴ɽ˾Ķ鶫
ѽԭǺ鶫֪أʧʧ
ǶǳŸ̨˿´ʣһţҶƺ֪дһ϶Ҫͱѣ꣬
үӦһۣ֪Լ˵ˣ̵ص̨ˡ
үһڣ϶ʱྲҶѲоǴ˾ۣǾð档˾Ҳסˣҿô˵
ү̵صҶСȻģϷҲ޳Ѳ˶ԳʹȻѧˣȡȿȡ
үӿƵص̣Ϸûдȶ
Ҷ΢Цſ򰲹άŶôΪΣ
үӰڰֵȣǸ̨˵ְȨϷԽ޴ҡϷֻǾڹݣ֪ݸط顢òţգɽҰˣϰ̻֪ܲù
̨˫ȫȻһ˽ܣҪѱǣȴͳԦв̨ͬ˳ݣæһţ֮ǣ࣬»˴¡Ϸɸ̨أ֪֮飬Ҳʵ棿
үӵ˼ôоҪӵģУôأԼ⣬˼Ҷ÷ִ磬ô˼ͷء˵úƯͬģѾһƱˡ
Ҷ΢΢˫ۣ˼Ƭ̣Ȼһ̾ЩʹĵҶС첻̻ɽҰ˹˳͢Ϻǻϲϴ㡮峿Ϊ֣киʥţ
ҶСϽܲصͷңھǵʵ۱ʾеڡ
ҶҡҡͷҴɽʿ£ǭӡʿٹ֮λٲ᲻ǡϳɳֹ£
о֮ҶС쳥ͭϡʯϡչǧҶСָһ˴أɱѺδΣӲöϣ
̨Ӣ
ã
չչûü飬ѾȺӦˡ꺮곤һЩأۼ̬չһ˾ĵصѾȫתƣҲ޼£ꡢչʹ˸ɫ
ҶܶҶС죬ʵҶС죬ɷУ
ͷڡҶСϽ̧ͷҶĳУ
ҶܵͷãӼǲɵģҪѺڸΣֱѺҪָ㸰ڼţ˾ڿԵ˵ٻ˴Ϊ
Ҵţ˾
ҶС˼ֻҪҵһδţ븴ӵԱɾܹȶĻָ˭ţ붼ǿԵġߺżҡչҡܼһᰲֵصų͢ҵоôǳҲڣţŹ֡
ôݴְУ׬ͷӪĸծۡݣѾͷѾͷ뷿֮ҲȤͳԦȺۣ˰ɡ
Ҫıסӣ״Ʒɾʡ˰ɡBõѡѾУʵڲ̫͡ڼҺҶҵĹϵжʵڲ˽֪
ҶСкһתһʱ;òϽ㣬˺ҶСѾվһָ͸̨תˣѡˣ


ʮľ ּ


01 ȥ
صң³ʱ򣬾ȻЩ㱡
СֻҪȥѲ֤ôһСľͳ˼δŵӣһҪδ޵ȥʵû׼
үأŭ뿪ʱ˻ش˵үûҲûٶᣬֱԼס
ʵЩңҶСôһƵˣܶҲʧȥ·ûҲСҪһʱ˼
صסԡһԷġǾ洫طӲһëŵĺһѩȴѩӨ󣬵˵һ
ʲôҲ룬ˮУ壬ϢãŴصС鷿鷿ѷһ¶õԱ߻һ¯㣬
ڼԣŲ豭ССһڣҪúһ½췢飬ԣҪ˼ʱȴԺտգȻ޴ֵĸо
һʼһͷʱšһˡٵĿͷû̧ô鷿ţûеڶ
ôʵشӦ޸ˣţ
ү鷿ݺݵַ
ܰĲˮڿͣ˳ź£û̧ͷôһʣȻһҵһͷ
ˣҶСѾӦ˰ҾҶҵˣ
һоʹ￪ʼȻҵШ㣬Խʼɿתͨ죬ҵطƾȥˣҪʣȻ˸Ķ˼䡣
ʲôһŭˣ㻹ҪҶСȥţ룬ô죿
̧ͷһۣ̬ȵģһֻɹС˫ڰ׷Ĵ۾ֵؿƺӦֻ֣ڼΪţ룬ֲǲˡ
˵仰͸Ͻͷ˼òҵĹؼһô죺
Ҫ£ҪҶС츰ڼ䣬֤ţ밲Ȼǡţϳĸ󻼣չҺͲܼ֮Ϊ𣬱ɽܵУð찡
ңҶСӦ֮Լڴڼô죿ǰҺ͸£ƷȻܾӦøӦҳ᲻Ӧľ
һ·뿪ȥжϣȫԼ˼УվǶһͨŭţȫû
Ҹ˵ʹô˺֣طµôҰʮĿĻۣнľӪΪ˽죬㡭
Խ˵ԽģͲˣۼСõͷһԲƺԶԣԸпοŻʵûпɿһõĽţҲᡭһݵıС㣬ǣΪͣǴܰ
ү˵ĴüһڰһģȻԣô죡
үȻСվҴߵڱժǳ¶ȻҪȥ
һŤͷһִվſڣ磬ʲôʱģ

ǳ¶ߵߣ˵üȾˣôȳӣ
ΨΨԣ˸ѾطúЪϢҪȥһ¡
˳ȥȻıӰ룬ȥ
ȥ̽࣡
̽ࣿ̽ʲôͻȻ׹ŭ㻹ԼҶˣҸղ˵Ļ㾿ûУ
վסŲֵؿһۣΪңѵͲȷţô
⡭ʱ
Ҫߣֹ˵磬ҶҳеҲжǣҵ㲻ҪٸˣһҪٴ
ͺҡʲôˣ
ƳһۣصҪ⣡Զʧȥã
·ӭصشһȭ͵һʧؿȻٲȥۿıӰʧԼ֮ڣңͻȻһݺһȭϡ
һȭȥšһ÷飬ľľмֽ׷ɼ䡣
Ѿ᷿һүڴ
ȭͷѪһεεڵϣĸѪ֪ǸСߣʲôŵСѾһȥˡûǲãһ죬һչߡ

桭
Ʒɾ¿ţǴΣ
ҶСͷķ䡣䲻ܴ󣬵࣬ͷķ䵱Ȼ̫࣬ͷȥ֮󣬽˴ɨ
Ǹ׼䣬ңǻңΪͨûʲô˿ɻᣬּ鷿ǽиܣϰ徭л
鷿һȴӴӿԿεͥԺ̨ϰǾޱޡһ齣п棬ηƷɻͷһμ
״Ȼټ֡Ե̲ϴ˾үθҵСȻǲһġһһλ˾εʱηѾź򣬻ԼС
Ʒɱ֮ͣ󡭡ֻûأȷʵؾȡ
վǰ棬ҶС죬ƽصպҾȥţ룬ʲôҪ𣿡
ѰŮӵ̽δ򣬴ʱѾε˵ĻзˡЩҲһ߽ηĵһ仰ʲô
СıҶС⣬˹ϵѾȷˣڸϣ˶ûµĸо
ԣԼΪΪɱˣҶСԣӦȢΪ˲С֤̫Ҳ̬һʱ޷Ӧֻðڳһ¹ɵģЩ
ҶС룬µˣɽйƽһɣɽвһɣдڼнֵһɣ⻹дżҽֵׯˣܸӣǱ˴˼䲻ˡҶԱҲ
ĻЩȻ˵֪Ҳ޼£ȥԡ˵õģ
ҶС챻ҭһ£һ룬ֵһߣͭʡʯضȺħ裬չܡʯҵһЩˣܿꡣ
ǱȻģô
ҶС룬صǵĻᣬҲǵĻᣡ
ĿâһҶˣ
㱣أˣ
ҶСͷתߡغͻƴڵֻΪһ仰״ĵشŻƷȥιңԷС̸̸ģôˣ
ҶС쿴һ㵵غͻƷɣ̲ס͵ֻΪ֤ʡţǰˣͻĸˡ
üҶС̾ãλĸô
ҶСЦãܺãǳã


02 ͽͽաף
ҶѲǴˣУڶһͰѺҶСؾ
ҶСͥյʵѾɵʱڳĹ۴ȫǣ˾ĶǵһͥټϴȤİ黰⣬ʱǡ
ҶС챻Ѻһ죬Ƕ׷ӵѲһֱǵϿ֡
ؽ̵ֵƹüЦ´ҵ˼ҶСϣҪҲһʱƹĸɴŴ󲿷ֻҲ˽֡
ôԶ·ټϵ·УǲģҶСǴ֮δΣҪӾϣĿǰʺҪѺԱһ
ڳ֮ǰӣҲ̫ûˣҶСͱѺʿһһ߸˼
·ͨûκγˣ˶ӵ·ߣγǽҶСڳֵܵʿӵ£ϴСʿҶѲһֽӶָʹ˾ľ
ﷸݹأ͢ĸأҲ˵ǵҡĻʳ˵ɣѰ˽Ѻ͹ˣһ·ԺŶǮ
ҶСʿһƥսǣٴӾǸϻôһʿ
һѲ˵ʱܲµذѸĿػˣҶѲﻹûǮǷŶָʹ˾ҶС˵ҶѲѴ󣬿سǮ
ҶдҶСչҷһǧǷֻǸߵɥá
״ȴѲӣǧֱӸ˸ѺҶСƤƤǧܡ
ǧ˳ιڹ;Ҳһ룬Ƥǧܿĵ۾гһ졣
ָʱھãΪǸʹ̨ʵ䵽ͷϣ˭뵽˹Ƿʵ÷ƨͿɰ
Ƥǧ£ٻ졢С졢ʿ䣬˶ҶСĺôλʳĸҲѹλĵʿ׼ʱҪһٸˡ
ڰտҶС۷׷ף
Ҷħ⸱ӣɲħͷ
ٷ¯˹ٸȻˣɫãʶѾܲ
Ҫ˵ħͷ˵̵Ůħͷ˵һɽõһϲᣬһͨķֻϧȱ²ᣬ޷ɡ
췴ٱڹѪķܻ׽Ѻ̳ʱȴͻȻЦ·ըΪƬһ˿ҵʧˡ
λԱ߲¥˵ۿҶСǰֱ˻Ϊħͷ˵ϰ߾ˡ
ԱλǾ̸յһλ̣ýζ̲סʵҶħͷҲᷨôһҲը·֮زز𣿡
Ҷٲû㱼Ĵ㣬ƵţʱΧ۰յͷʾ⡣ϵĴϱʿСĵصԲ˾
Ʒɺ״ߵ·ͬţɫǵǡҶСȥҪܻʵ۲þģΣ˭Ҳ޷Ԥϣܲġ
˵չ⼸ҵİɱǵġΪҶѾǵһ㣬ŵѺ·ɹǣˮǰݣĴȫܿչҵĵ̡
ҶСһͰըҩ˭ҲԸչұڹʹԼĵͷϳ£ˮμҺͲһɳıټչлֲŹ֡
ڵĴǾͽϽˣûչ⼸ҷӵأչҶɱҶС죬ƷȻҲǶһ
ҶС˵Ʒɣţ롣ƷܣţŸױţܣţԶȸԼҪǿ
ǰһʮ·ڣ·ԵȺͻȻһɧžͼչչ꺮˳
Ƥǧɫһһ٣ټʿֹǺһгʣһһģȻһһ̤طƤҲΪ֮һ
Ƥٳɫٷ̨ѺͷҶСǰʦҪʲô
깰ֵλ˲صģҵȼȲҪҲҪ͢ȵȻǸصġֻҶС˵仰˲᲻Ӱɣ
ƤǧܿǣֻͷټʿмҶС죬а⣺̸ܣӲǸǧܣЩ˵ĹٶӴ󣬵ǲ̫
˴ƤǧܰһӣھʿַһУͬʱҿһ·ƤǧܵǾ뼸λ˽ȥǵӵ£
Цĳ飬лˡ
ǰ˰֣չչԼ꺮ٲ߽ȥǸոͨʿĵ·ڼʿ㡰ৡһֺ£Σͬʱתż⣬Դ
һΣ˾Ǳ˽ӣͼҶС첻̼͵ñǶ⽴ҶС쿴վסŲؿǡ
ߵҶСǰ¶һЦݵҶ٣
ҶСɨһۣкμ̣
꿴˿ҶСھϵļЦеص̲ңֻҶٴкҶҪʦȥģ˵·ϻҪ໥Ӧʱ򡣡
Ҫȥʦ
ҶС΢΢һжʱһϲ⼸˸ʦȥţ뷽ҪܵѹɾСˡʯչȺףǲţ뷢ٽġ
꺮ŨŨصҶС죬ȥʦչɳˣĳв˾չ˾ǲ뿪ġ
˵ʱĿвζҶСȻ˼ǱչǵģȻҶ٣ôҲùк
չкҲˣ߰ɣչһ·Ҷ˾ɱ̫ˣһҶ·иͷȵһغ˻ΪǶء
չ磬ɱô˵Ҷӡ÷ڣһǸͷҪˣҲүıӦֵʲô¶ˣ
ֵܷشЦһЦһ߸Ų꺮ߣ򻹻عͷضһۡ
ۼû£Ƥǧܰ˿ǰУչչһϣڲ̸࣬Цţ·Ϊ֮Ŀ
һ·ô
ҶСŭЩ°ܽʱֻҶլԺСϱȻţ·Ƶġ
ǣʱ˶Ϊ˵ʱ򣬺ܿˡҶСϴ;С̸ЦһȥţؽӰ졣
Թ˶࣬ѩ̿٣һҶСȥӡһЩţ˽ܶԶ֮һЩţ뻳е⵫Լ鷳ľͻ侮ʯ
뵽ҶС춸Ȼվס˽ŲƤǧܣǰ˵
Ƥǧۼչչһ˸̸Ц·ѺǰƵģҲˬһУֹ˱ʿǰ֣ߵҶСߡ
չסͼҶСƤǧܹ˹֣˵˼ʲôƤǧ΢¶ɫַ˼䣬ҶСЦ˵䣬Ƥǧܵͷ˼Ƭ̣˵ͷ
չüͷһ壬Ҫʲô
꺮Цǰʲô
ͼƤǧܰһӣȵ·ת
ӼʿӵҶС·תΣչ˻һۣȥ
һ·ȥҶС첻ʱָһ£Ƥǧܾ͸ƺƵȥԭռ·ھλõЩտɼˣҶСôˣ
±պظȥ֮˽֮ǸȺڵĿʵ̫٣ʵĴϷһӿҲͼʶôһأܼҲӦõġ

︮棬ԵһϵеİšĿǰ飬һǷ鱨ռϵͳڰؼʱ̿Գ
Ҫõľҵĵһռǰţ룬ǰŵһΪѼţɳԱıϡԣԼ֮ǣΧ˾
һ˵ţĬĬУһ澺ȻҴҵظϵſڣվǶ︮شδֲҽҴĻ
ֹס̧ͷһۣʲô£
˷䣬ţ˾ҶС쵽˸ǰˡ
һĬƬ̣ʱ粻ҾͲȥˡ
Ȼ֪ҶСҪѺõֹˮѰŮӣҲСŮ̬ȥΡ
Ź֣Ҷ١ǱѺ⾭ǸǰǡҶٵǸǰҪ

һ㵣ѩǻıȻһȣ˼ܣ߻ϸ£²ƽΪӪпɳ֮ҶС࣬ȴпգ˼ʱԼ֪һҪʲôȻ޴Ӵ⡣
ΨһĿǣʱǵ˼άԾٶȸϣеľҲû֮ءһʵʲô
ڨڨصū澲á
Բȥͣ˼ҵ˴ſڣȴûвĵӯӯվٲߣӣȥ
︮⣬ɽ˺
ſںһţٴе︮Ҷ
ǵģϴҶС죬ԱվƤǧܡ
ҶСƤǧ岽Զʮܼܵļʿ
Щʿ棬չչ꺮Թۡ
֮ļʿʰԲվΧ۰ո⡣
ڰԲվļʿ棬Ѽһİգͷܶһ߶ôҲǧˡ
︮ͻȻŵһ˳
һžͿҶС죬΢΢ͣһ½ŲҶСȥ°һϢ˷ܵؿǡ
ߵҶСߣҶС쿸ŴϣЦţһûûεģ
㡭ôˣһ䣬ôƺЩ飬ɴ˾ʵڽͷԣôʣʵڲ֪οڡ
ҶС˸߲ҵصװ

ҶС˸߲ңڸ̨֮ϣҶĳ׿ڳŵ︮ףˣף𲻴Ӧ
˰죬ȻЦˡһЦ޹ˣĲɷµףԹйڶң˻ڲͬأ
ҶСŴϻң˵ҶĳգڴףټʿΪýǧΪ֤òã
ã
ʿ˼ֶ̣˼˵ˣ֣ھӪѼˢˢһأķš
ããã
ȺڸǷ׷ӦкȲСϱǱһĻ̼ؼڣɫ졢˫ȷ߳֯һŻ޵ˣֱϿա
ǰˣһ˿رĸоĿ⽥ǰˣԽԽˡ
︮ڻ԰һ߸ڸ߸֮УԶԶؿŸǰΣһȳѼҪ
һҾȢ㣡
ҶС棬ڼʿͰǵĻУתȥ
չչվǶɫ˵ѿ˭˿ŵͽоԿ԰Ȼȥģôó˺ľٶ
ǵһģ׷ˡ
һҾȢ㣡
һ仰Сķļ¶ѣûĵζһ̣δζѾһŷĶ͵ˡ
ҶСţţͻȻɽ裺˶ᣬģһ㡣۾׸оĸΡ
ð
׷︮ǰֵİиˣڹݵصһɽ裬ܶ˶ᳪҶСǰмϵڼʿǡ
ҶСһڼʿ˸߲ҵ֮ӦųǧİһųƤǧܿЩֲ֧ʿЦһ䣺ЩСӣ
һ٣ƤǧҲų˺ֱ͵ҲޣҲޣϽŵĻҲޡϽŵģȴιʣȥĲȥ޵ֻܿޣ飬¿ӿ˿࡭
չչ꺮ɫԽԽѿű¿ӻ


03 
ҶС츰ȥˣⱲƺԵӾǴγ˺غץһΣȻڽ겢δΣȴԴ֮Ƕ
ڶ뿪ͭʷһαǽʥģ˭뵽֮ȴƾһֽگ
ǵΣҪѺǣ¶ڹʱģˣÿ֣֮ȴǷڹ֮⡣
չżҺͲܼɳĴһ·׷ҶС죬һ˦ĸҩôŵƤǧܷЩչ˲ɣû;ɱĴ㣬ӵĴġ
뿪ãμҾһһֱǻ͵ڽϡӦμһҪģҶСھĸα׶ӻҪУ˵
ڽΣμҺΪһɿڵĹ֣˴˫ȴǿͿؽһμҰҶСһ˻͵ϣҴ˳˴ӭ˫ϵ޷졣
ҶС컹ǴżѾһ׼ƤǧܴһϷҪģֽģĺܣԭϷӳϷʱõһߣ˫һ˺Ŀ
ҶС챻ʿм䣬ӲģмҵҲӣƤǧܷĵĺܣﷸܵеﷸӣԾͱĲõظ׼ôһ̾ߡʿ棬̫󣬿·˻ΪҶСĸϷС
ߣһСԼ״ͻƷˣӺԹøոһݻӻ治ʱдŭľٶ
û׼һСţôҪ˽Ӿͻˡδ׼ճӦ֮ȴ׼һ󳵣ȫù˵Ķ
վԶȥİôżױԶ磬ǿľġ
ûһô᣺ҶСһղþҪţһգ뷨ޱҶСƽҪҶС˵һӭȢõİ
Ӻòꡣ
ҶСˣҲˣչ꺮ֹһҲҪԻȥˡ
ˣǺҶСѾûкͽĿܣҶСؾţǵûᡣһܶأԦ񣬰ҶС߽⣬ȻشӾǻҲֻɱ޻֮ˡ
Ҫһ½ĺһչλͣתбԸװ̣ʯ䡣
չ´ӦһͷҪߣչһ£ʵأ
չµСչڷūǰȥš
չЦһȱչסԺȥչϾչҵϵڷչеĵλڲͬģȻΪҶСһ£ʧͣδܵӰ졣
չһƿõţͼչǰչ˫ſһЦҵûôģϧѽһ⣬˼ģǱ˻飬˼ֺҴС㶩ףҲߣ
չһһ˫ü֣ϸŰͽӦǣɲңӦչףΪչҿãЦȴ顣ӦҶСüֵ˦ң˵ľ˭
չȻŭȵʲôǣ˭ҵˣͬӦҵ˵ҵûʶ֮ˣûҵȷûʶ֪֮һ͸ð
չİ𣬶չȵչչҲеҲչҵһӣչҵˣɲ󷿵ūţǳ󷿵׳ģ㲻öһֻ̣ǲһ˵ĺȴ㣬Ǿи㣡
չŭûиչңΪչҵһӣɱ㲮ĳˣȻϰν˵ΪʲôѵΪ˽飿ɳܣЦɱ
չͻȻƽչҶû˽飬Ҳ޷֣Ϊȹҵûչͻһѿݹǣܶνô
չҡҡͷɳܣЦɱĲң㣡ϸŰͽңһܳӣԼŮ˵ҸȴΪЦɲЦ
𲻹죬ȥɱѽôҶСڹʱլŶҳչоɲɳܣ
ɱ֮㶼ȥԣȴһԶҵϣƺֻҪҿϰνҶСһĸ֮ûбȫҴųɲɱ
չչһ̵һһģҲҶСӲ񡣵һųڷ񣬲һҪڶ̬ϡ
ЩˣųĲȥĴۣȴԸɾĽԼ˵¸ҵô
չˣɱ˻Ƕ׵Ĺ餾ǰȴû𣬾һֱŬ
˵չ׶Ӷչ֮˸ټһչһܳɹˣչûôסչţʵȫȻΪԲѺͿ־壬ȫȻΪжΡ
ߵչ̬ȣչϺԥضҶСνɹչߵΪչҵһӣչȴ˲
ڱߣȵ˸ʹޣչĸԭչȴ˵ΪųܲжΣֱչñס
һһȥһչգһ֮Хɷ磬Ҫʵˣ²չļչǶҪ顣
չһһָչãǰͳдգԱ˴˵ʽǼģչǺ޳δӦԣȴӿǰĻᣬһ̧һ⵷չؿڡ
չؼˣһչϥǣչ̧ӭһţ˸ԼꡱһſչײϣչǱײڲżϣһӵϺôˤ÷顣
˴ֻһͣ٣ٶȳ嵽һһʱֻ·һ㡣үСܣչû˸ȰҶԶԶģΨɨ˷β

ҶС츰չܡҼϻϳͼıţ롣ţϾűʣҲǼ˶Բߡλϴ峤һɽʵޣ᲻ʲôԵ
ƽ̳һɣѹţĴȤŷԣľȻӦ˵ȥǰ;ٵҲã˾ǽҲã˼ҾȳɽͷһҲȥ˭Ҳκβҡ
ڼҺսӣȫţܵеĴ˼ѪƵһζżսܼսչսҶս
սûм˵ȥΪڬBڴСǡڴʱ˴ֵܱϾڼҾˣһס˿ڡ
ڬBŮζŨˣСѾЩ¡ֻ˼ۣסǲԡڬBû常һۣҶС˷뾩ϣǻҪ£ô
Ƕ֪ڬBҶСҪѣҲó֮ƺеΣҶҳ£ְֲִɣ
ĸƾӹ󡱵ڴСҸоǳãȫȻҶСǸܣЩ˸Ͳ֪ģߵλǸλӻţΪҶСλ
ڬBλһĿһɨʥĸ̫ļҪ˵ſڴҴ߽һͻˣСһλС㡭


04 أ1
С֮ʱŹǼȻѾ֪ҶС챻Ѻ;ǵ£ȻҲ˵ҶСţȫȨиĽ
ĸôˣǣλĸŶкܶԼĸģûм
ڬBᡰߡһġҲûа취ģ˺֮ʸ͸ˣԼˡ
һֻҶСһˣһֻҶСһˣԼ޵ҶȥӡΣڼҵ˾үҪѸ״иݼҵȥ
ڼ˾ֱԼĹѪֱĶӻŮˣܹеһ˾Ӧóеκ񣬴ڼȥ
ӡԺΣĿ꣬ΪһУ˵ǣҪ͸˸յͳһҶС졣
ҶСѾˣҶС죬գҶСֻ֮һȥԺԥصҶСǰ棬ȥ
ǣҶС츰֮һغȻɵĺӳҲѺͻҶҼ̳ҶСìܣڬBõʵ̬
֮ǰڬBúӦʱǵԼǣӦȡ֮ͭĵλӦıʯ丮Ҫ˺Ӳ˾֮λŻᰲȥˡ
Ҳ֪ӦҰģ֮Ի׮ףҲΪʳӣʱӦֻҪܿͭΪã޸һΪֱӿƾͺӵĵ
˭Ϊ˼壬Լ׼ƫɱһҶСڬBԭɫֻǾԼЩϲܸԼıӦֱӡȫ˭ʱѹƵסС
ڼҺҮСе˴յһֹһɽӭ˼״ͻƷɴģֱɽͺˣΪʲôҪɽµȣҪŶҪĲô¹ûţҶָĵĸ˼Ѷһѷɽȥˡ
ǶȤ߷֮±ߣҶС찲Σ治һ֮ңҪʸҶҵĸ

Ƿţ
ҶСһҶƣ޺һһĹѾٶӣۼԼǵѾǷ˱˶١
Ĳһ񫣬һȾϱѿƣҶƣͬϣȿɹһͨɱĺƣҲɹһͨƣȤζҶСС
ŮɫоҲô£񵱳ո׽ЩŮʱǰ㼱ɫĲȴ治ᣬӲ㡣
úúãǷţǷš
ά򼸸ѡݸɫ˷׷ٲӣǷһû˯ʵˣҶүϴ磬Ȼȥ˰
ҶС۾Ƿȥ˯һɣϼҾͲˣҵһֱôһȫ̻
ѡЦƴôãǲǧӮ㣬׬ȴǫǣǣҶүȻǼõģֻǲǰǮôأÿһƶҪư죬ǮӮЩѪȴҲȣҶү֮ܶȤš
ҶСһЦذ˰֣ѱͷ뿪ˡάûߣҲ齣һһ˹صϵܣһƣһֱĲɵģ£
ҶСƺһû˵άЦЦҺȻͬͬĸȴֵܣʲô£˵˵ұϾ곤㼸꣬˵Կ⿪㡣
ҶСŭһʲôÿģֵܷ˰ӣץȥɻʵ۴ˡǿǻʵ۰䵣ȴҲûа취ֻ챣ӡǡ
ҶСһ߷ߵصֵܲڣҲ˭ģôܽһҶң
άȻʧЦԭΪ˲죬ǺǣСţҪԶȻûа˵ĵأƽĶۣ˾ʱȨְĵһ˳λŮڶ˳λ߾ӣֵܣ͸ǵ˳λ߰
ҶС˵صô˵ĹƾʲôͷһţͰڳҵõļӡ
άٺһЦźȻûŶӦֻǸûߵֵ̡ܼȻϽң˿͡㶮á
ҶСݺݵһ֪߳ܵļ澣̰ͼҶȨƣŪֵܡŮˣֵܲ»ˣҪ£ϽرݲŹ֣ܻҶҵŷ磬ɳ֪ߵĳ
ҶСţȻһ˳ָ˻ҶүɽկĴСͷ˶ɽȥһŮɽ˵˾أԶһۣӴζģǰɷ˶
ҶСնһڣһ⻰ʱһɣǼŮѾҼң
άϽȰСֵܣãðĵãָܵ˵Ůˡܵ˾˾ϽڣˡһԶ
Ů˾ˣܵܲڣţˣ㣬Ȩ⴦ãúǰ̵ʱҪ̰
̸ƨҶСֻ˳ڷйδĴάȰãһȰȴĻðˡ
ǴӾˣıˣȻ֪ټĹأϾ׶ĿȾǸΪȻġ
֪ܵȳСʱ縸ɩĸ֪ʹˣڵܵܳ£Ӧ˵㣡
ãţҶҵĹ⣬Ҳӵģ˭ҵϱŲõü˳۵̺šֺССӣżվסţһû컨̧ŵŮˣҶҵļңҪָֻţǿ벻̣
ҶСŭɶžˤв豭һͦ˶ʹϴȵȥһףҶǵҶ˵㣬һˣУ
Сֵܡ
άæ裬ҶСһ߿һӣ̤˳ȥ
С졢ѭ졢˴ӵţ´ڬB橵ӭЦЦص
Ҳڣ΢΢һȣ漴ǳǳһЦ׵ԭڹѾҶңԽҶˣҲԽˣƺǲ׵ˡ
𣿡
ڬBһȣ¿ŵصͭʣû˵ҶȢװڹﻹû̧ȢŶѵѾǹô
ڬBóԳһЦ̬֮Ա
ѭ졢״˻࿴λЩ롣
Ȼ˺͸ˣǿɲһ¶أЩû˵ŮˣѾ͵͵˸ˡЩû˵ŮˣȴԴ󷽷سΪˣ˵ǲǰڹ
ҮСе˷Ӧ״ѭٶЩҲо֮Юǹˣ⼸λ˼ҸϽҲ˿Щˡ
˵꣬۲ӯӯһתڬBõС΢΢תһ£ڬBòԾѵҺҶС֪֪У
ڬBһ֮ǻһҶСģûĵģ꾫Եߵʲô϶
ԲԣһĴȥǼδԲŰ֮¸ϣҶܺڼҾϻڬBһ룬
λôȻһתӯӯֵ̧λɣڹԶǿͣˣ߰Ÿλ
ۿڳͷʩڬBģʱδҪƣҾνҶС죬ӦҶС첻ʱţΣĹС
ڬBóζζǸ֪صŮˣķڬBһͦذֻĿȸƵȵ߹ȥ
ڬBӣҮСе˱Ҳ׷ˣĿһɨҪڣſͻȻһһɫʱһϲһ䣺ˣѿڶ漴뵽ҶСиһģһֳжʱһ
ϱŶͨҪǹŹءСӹأΪŶԶϱ޵ģɷΪСֱڿ죬ʲôⶼ϶署ԲӦϱҪõǵϿɣż
ɷǳзǳ£ҶĹȴȫһԵĵһؽɷĸĸ鸾ڶصؽСӶǴӣ
ү
ˣ
ʵﶼҶС¶ҶСεһֻ˼ҺҶСֵܣٽҲˣܶҶС˵Щ£ⲻ˵ĵ
˵ŮˡĶǮûɶ汾£ǲǻ°㿴һɽ֮ҶҪǸҷϣܴһҶ
ڼҺֵһԷڬBõ⻼֮нݷôʵ۵ĸϣӢǽʡ
ûûϺ⣬ﻹǻƲġһҶС˷׷ȴҲֻﲢ¶ġ
ҶСˣһؿλصӴ˭ûߴطɣôҶ˵λãˣ


05 أ2
˸ոշɵʱȻҶû޵ҶҵĸЩ̫ܣҲҪ˭컨ҶģҶСҶСǶС컨ˡ
вڬBãڬBһҶСʦеֻһۣҪӦ档
΢΢һ漴¶ǳǳЦݣû´ĻСλֳˡ
ӯӯҶС󲮣ǳμ棬ء
εòҲͰˣҪرŮζҶСҲֵ̾ܵñ£ؼŮһһƯ
ȾɫˣһϵĻҶСͺ˵ĺˣǴʱ˿̣ȴǾõģ˫ҶСиһ˵պޡ
ҶСЦһˡʲôˣ
뼥ˣѵˣ˻ȥŮܵܵŮˣϣܲõһŮӵϷ
û˵ֻĿӯӯһתһԵ״ͻƷɡ״ˣԶ̵׸ܲͲȻҪʱǵ˵Բԥһ¡
Ʒֱڿ죬벻ЩǣںԣʲôǰͳͳںֻںҶСһˣҲֻںҶСĽ
ɽͷ˳Աӣֵʱһ㣬Թź۶סˮ㣬ͽĵ˽ġ
ҶСĲУܹõȫңһнԴҶСĽǶȿǵֻˣƷɺëǡҲëҶС첻ϧһҲҪΪԭ֮һ˱ϾǸ鶯
Ʒվˣλţ볤˾Ҷٵķˣ
ҶСŭûȨʶţлǵļҵĸͥ棬Ҷˣ˶Ҷҹĳ̹ūˡ
Ʒվݣū·ϣΪջ𣬲ŭţᣬҶСĴ磬ô֪ҵܵӣ
Ʒֱص˾ûиˣҲֻ֪֪˾ǵҵײҪ˴ţ˾ģ
㡭
ô˵ҲĻƷɣҶСҭòᡣַ߷ߵһӣҪҶҵˣҾȻʶĵҲ
ҶС̤ϼһָȵÿ
ڬBЦ绨ؿС㻹ûܹɣҶȴҶҵʡϡôյҶҾ͸ӳ췭ظ
Ǻǡ
ҶС֪˻ô룿
Ĺ֪˻ô룿
ţ»ô
Ҷҵӡˣûˢӣվס
ڬBһֻһҲڿǣľô졣Ҫô踺أҴС㣬úܣ踺ȻҶС֮裬ȴӮҶСµľأֵá
ٲȻʹЩֶΣҶСӲĶӣȴֲ˺תĵزǽɹ˿صķӣҶ˲̫ݣȴܵõҶСڲµľηҪǿƿźӭԽΣӦʵˡ
ڬBôĦĴõӦԲԣĿת뿴ѡԼǷıϡ
ҶСЦ˿ŭվȴûһҶСλӣǿң˵ң˼ϣŮҵɷţ˾ҶС죬׾Уţ˾һְλ˭Ͽɣ
ȥϵ΢ЦȥһƬɱ
״֪ʱñˣҵرûп˵̬ȣվׯصص˾ס֮ʱĳڳ
״ߵУһգϥݵأĸˣ
ƷҲ߹ȥϥأȭƷɣĸˣ
ѭ졢Үе˻࿴˵ͷȻλδıĸϻЩܣţ˾⻼ȷʵˣԶԣλĸҲͲôɽˡ
ѭ졢Үе˲Լͬ߳ͬڵأĸˣ
ڼҺǼڶʧߣһ˵еͬҶСģҰļҡսҲǿߵġ
Ҳ̤߳ϥ򵹣ߵصڼҺĸˣ
ĸˣ
ڵҶС˭ǸдֶҶС졣ǵֱ˾ڹĸȻҲҪʩ
ҶСû£㡭ǷˣֵܲڼңǡǾ͸Ҳҷ
ɫһȵҶС
ʲôˣǧҵĽӰˣвοҾûбϱֳôû䣬ŭǣʱһŭȻһģһɱ֮
ҶСʲôˣǸͷԼǸ添Сҵ˸ͷصֵܣݵλŮӲҪ˵ָŭˣ˼һ۵ʸûС
ʱһŭһȻ⡣ҶС˾˼ң˭֪ǹ֮Ȼª˭֪ҶС͢ĽǱ
뿪λһҶСƽҶϽɽҪǧأιӦӪ˽УڹӦԻӦݣӦܳţ
˵һһƵҶСˡ
ɫ˾ᡢͷ񣬸λɽܾԶʵ۲ڣָʺѵһѣҪȡ֮Ҫɱͷģ
ҶСˣɫţץסʲôѱָ㡭治ҰֵܱȳɻʵۣԼʺ췴Ĵ
׳գùݵҲڿ׳գڬBΨһһλϵˣҶСⷬҡͷ
ݵط˾ү˭ԼʵۣǵլۡӴϰձͳΪҵģµĿͱϰ׳Ϊǵ
Ǳԭô㻹£̶ִ˭㣿ɫв粻˵˵˸й
Ц΢΢ͷؿҶСһۣλߵλǰתɨɹǰһۣȵȥ˫ַӷϣٸ߹ķ·ĸµһλʺڴлصţ
ͷУrңţ˾ոճǰûйأⲻǵĴ죬˾أˣ
ţ˾ҶϵĽɽֻ֮һˣǾ˾κˣԶ裬˾֮һԻԻ»ԻϣԻãԻɱԻԻ裬ԻᣡɱƶᣬһԶԽðߣɱ⣡
״ͷףĸ


06 أ3
յҶңϣţ˵һˣδõ˵ϿɣȻȡǿƵֶΣڬBҲ⣬һ룬ȴԽԽζϧ֮С
ҶСҲ仰סˣһӣһɷζĹղⷬȴǰԵ˫öŮȴһǧѺĽʯ֮
Ȼһ룬ҶСֵ׳˵οɱңҲ˵Ÿոռ޵ҶңѼ޵Ҷʮأλ̩ɽɱɷĸ磿һӣһٸӣ
ҶСЦһ磬ðԵҵܵҵĺϱ⻹Ŷأ͵Ҷҵˡ
ɫһҶСл˵
ҶСͷȻУһ䣬ֵܲڣҶ˵㣬һûҶҵӡأ
ҶС˵ţżԽݵҶСļ֮λһ˫һӷ֣ŵشȵӣֵܣң˭ʸ
ҶС仰ĺֻܴϧһҲ㣬ΪҲţںܲˣû֮ǰѾţ뷢ʩˣǶĶ
ʲôĻؿҶСոն¼ҹ棬󲮾ҪͷΥô
ҶСһЦʲôҹ棬Ҷ˭ܸҶҹ棬
ƽصðߣײ⣡˰ȥն
ҶСһ۾ŵؿͻȻЦû뵽ҵܵҪȢľȻǸŮˣҪɱң
ҶСָЦá֦Ҳ˭ɱңҵҪֵܻûأţϣĸɱң
˵ĻȻû˷ˣȴûִУ²ǲԸֻǲңҲ޷ͳţˡ
ţ뵱ȻһģһƱӣеĸǲѣԼˣ˵
ⷬһ£𾪣ȻҶС㲻ǣҲҶС׸磬ҶСԼ˭ɱᶨִҶСĻƷɶԥˡ
ţ⻼кܶΣҶС֮Գϵָţ˾٣뷨пգʵҲǲѶΪ֮
ţڶһ֮УͳȫֵȴûУǸո˻ԼҶС컹벻һĵάţء
ֻҪܣƷɱԥִϵȨҶСɱôƷǸʵˣԼ£޷ϡ
Ʒʵϣ״ɲʵϣƷ߿˿͵Ͷ˵˼仰꣬ϣţִУŸ˵š
û˸ҳ棬Խʽָһţվſڲĵ״ҪͦƷͻȻ˶һͦӦְ
Ʒɴ̤ȥֱҶСҶСЩ֡ǿ򶨵ؿŻƷɣ㡭ʲô
Ʒһ̽ӣŵҶСһУΪҪͷˣƷֻһֶֻѡƷһ֣ס죬һѽλߡ
״ŴյƷߣ˵ǣֵܣܴУάǰ
ƷΪѵصǿҴ׸磬ѲɻΪײɱ
״İɣֻӣⲻô㳪ҳƷɱһѣź˺
ҶСѲ־ŭɱңǣҶСĴ磬״磬˭ɱң˭ɱң
ڬBüΪĵװչأ˾ڵ˰׾죬ɱȨһʵȻʵۻҪԵʵϻʵҲɱˡ
ѪԵиϵпһԼӡڬB˵常ɱҶСɶһ򱶡
ҶСǲչŵӵҶҫǰ˾ʱ˳˾ȴΪ¶֣伫
ˣҲֻСҪسУҲ޷ʱһٷ£ˣҲɱֻǰΪҪ
̬ⷬҲ֪Ҫɱٳ֣ҶҵҲ޷ദˣҶСҲٽϣҶС˷ĿҲҪȢô֪ϷڬBû֡
ۿҶСϳȥٿһС㣬ʱָɽֹĸоǶǵӡˣһ㰡Ժλֵ»췹ԣɵСЩˡ
Ҳ֪ɱҶСѾˡ
ҶСʱŭΪȻƷϳһǰ裬ھʲô㲻ɱңᣬҶٵ׸磡
ƷɵҲ֪Ҷٶ׵ܵҶС죿ймҹ棬ٲڣţϣӡΪӡն㣬ĳֻ
Ʒ˵ţҶСǰһƣȵ
ƷΪҶСĽֵܼ汣ͷӣһҵʿ໤ڻֻ齨һΣδȻţǿһ֧װҲҶСĸʿš֧죬ǻƷɡ
Ʒһ£ĸʿҶСַšסһϥ䣬ȹڵϣƷޱؿҶСε
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ڬBÿſھ״ҶСֿĮȻֶһǸˡֻһȣ״ڶУ˳ӡϢŭӡˣţ
Ц״ʲôˣҹɵһʦ߻ӪͶձɫһץ©ӵˣʱӡ˼ӡӡ˾¿ˣӡбȻ߱һȣҲҶҴ򳤹ģڼ˾αֻᡣ
״һͷ˵£ΪڬBǰ˵ڰݵΪϷȫףͻӡ˵硣ֻǶ̫ûзȣǸＱӣΪҪԼȣʶһ
״׵ӡϢŭҶ״ðӡˣϳ͡ѧ֪᱾ϣ챾عϰףɢ˵ˣֻǱʹȻðӡһ档
ѭ֪óǻˣһͬݵߺӡһ棡
ڬBƲƲ죬˼ϷģʲôǶĶУϵĻá
ɭȻ˸ոµĹأҶС͸ҵðɱɭϷͣ׼
ҶСѾֵ˲ϣǷĵȻֻѹľϣȴһҲҶһ㼦ƤΪߣɲΪϷҲðա
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ҶСߺӡˣС֪ˣӡ
ҶСһͷģһҧгݣǶֻҪңҾȥ״ɱңҵҪҲҶĹţϳţ룬ҶСĲΪˣ


07 أ4
ӡˣѾ֪ˣ˸̧֣һθĹĻᡣѭҲˣҷ׷׳ǣ飬ɫƬ̣ŵ⣬ģʮ
ѭ컹Ҫ˵ɫһнߣһͬ򣡡
ҶСԵûôãһսͣƨҷһĸΪ֨ˡ
ϱͷһ죬ŶûأȰѴشһ٣ӱ뺷ʵ̾Ϊֹ
Щִǲ۲ۣһҲûΪҶС顣ҶСһΪƫƫøҶСһģһЩΪʹޣΪĨߴˣһģһòֱǶߵðûκδ£һԭˡ
ᰲܴտһͨһȥҶСһ£һʼҧӲӹͿʼ޵ʮ֮Ϳʼ˻ߵˡ
Ҳֱصλ£˾񸰾ǲصģǾڣ͢Щ𷣣Զ֮ڣӣҲǸ߸߾£
žžž
ҶСƨɵŬشſڷӦ͵ÿʵᣬһҲûܵ߸߾¡Ĵ
׶Ӻ͸ɶӣǿǲͬġ
صһ䣬漴ת⣬֮ڣڳ͢˾İΣţ롣ţ£Ǽ㳯͢δ˾ţɽҲɢţɽѣﶼ֪ʲô⣬Ҳ㼺
һĸʼƣس˳۴սսս˭Ҫսұս
ûĺսӣһ˷ܵصĸˣɣԸһ֧̤ƽչұɨʶ룬꺮Ǹ϶һͳͭʡЮʯ䣡
΢΢س鴤һ£ҶСǸƷҶСĸǸƷû뵽ҶСĲҲôƷţɽƷĸ˵·ضԶ

ﰡﰡҪؾǣţɽûҶС˼һլӾһһϢӡ
ȷʵᣬ£ѩ׵СѪһƬƤ˶ѣţɽЩɲ˾ˣȷרʹġ
һլҪȻҪһһϢӣҶҶĸӷгڱѺСӵġ
ţɽҲûᰲο˵ģզզſڿӵľӶ࣬ŶǶԶӲġ
Ǿϣľηڶڹߵ˾ǿȻͦ˲𣬿Ҫͳ͢ĹٱҲʲô𾩳ǴһѲʷԶԶ磬ĸƫԶɽĴ峤ڴﲻʵۣ˼ҳ͢Ĺٶܱô
ϣ磬ʱ˵СӴ˷δ̫̫ĨᣬӹǺ޼߳һɴ󾪣̫̫Ͻȥô
ҶСЦﰡֵܱ͢ץȥţҪһŮˣԳֵܵӣҪţɽļҡ
ҶС߷ȻصֵȢϱôô֪λ˼˵˵˭֪Ҷûһ֪ģҪռҶҵĲƲܲôҾݡʲô֤֤ҵܵܵϱ
ҶСʵصͺȻ֣˴ʮǿǿȶǴˣӽԺǸˣûӸλ˼ա̷ϥǰ
ҶС࿴Լ֣ͬҶС̱ӣ⧲һ˵ϣһࡣȣϽȥ
ҶСһŭһɴ಻ˣſǶӳ˷ţǸϽؾǰɣٲߣûˡ
ҶСһߺһ߰ЦֻҪͱҶҵŶТ⣬еҲûá
Ҫؾʵǲõģ˭ǻؾҶСȢϱͰѵȫϻؾƷðܵצ۹ȥӴ˱ǰ̧ͷ
˭֪еϸҶСܼʶʶ˾˼˵ԩֻҪǽ壬ܾǸС˾͵ùԹԹҶҡ
Ҷ²ӣŭصʲôϱô֪Ҫ㣬ֵЩ˾Ȼܣ
ҶСҶҵ¶Ҳ֪Ůǲҵܵܵӣ˭ͣǵţŮ˸
Ҷĸһû£ǼС˼ҴģҰŮ׺Уҵ˵˵
˵ţҶѶһҶСȻԣ˴Ѫ죬ȻڹϵԽԽӣϾԼˣɾŭôҶң˭Ҵ㣿
ۡ
ҶСҪôǮҪôԾƣҪôͷ죬ûլŶˣ⻹ǰͷһؿԼӵһʣҶС£ͼӴסڰ׵ߵذ˵һ顣
ҶҶĸҶը˷ΣҶŭҲ˭ô۸ҶˣУȥ
ҶϵŭҪߣʱԺſͻȻֳˣǶʶһҶСʦүأһҶСĽֵܻƷɡ
һ˵Ŀֻһɨͼемλϡ
λվǶһϮ̴ϵ磬˱Ÿ߹ټϴװˮտտ·ˡ
ҶϵϾ뵽ˣλһСǸŮˡŮˣһλȡã鶯ĵĹСǸɶŮˣ
ҶĸҶҲڿŮ˵ĽǶȿ۸кҶϵȻͬһһۡһŮ˽޷ŮΪ֮۵ģȻʣڵţǿŮͨɱķ
ŭݻҶ˵ϣֻĿһƳ֪ҶС˲ԡȻûԣеһжʵ˵ҶһŭҶҲһѵƫˣиĶ
۵ɿһ˿ڽҵĺ״һ
˼ССҵĹ˺ĶؽһЩ޺ദļɺֶΣأǿһϵͳġȫլ޽̲ģСǹŮѧУլרҵĸ߲ùʿѧλ
оǣɲҪˣλҴС㡭ںü۵ذŭĿգҲǽСϱȵһˣլǺǡ


08 ˳ձ
ǰӯӯݵţϱ룬š
Ǿֹɣӹ͸һź͹ҶϵȻСС۽ޡҾӽ£ط˶˵ĸ̬߰վҶСһجƵóλĽ߹ġ
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˹ݺţǾͺھʱ˵ǱȨƵĶүүһɲΪȻ߳ͳһ˧ΨҶķ⽮˭˱ǲüβͱèҪѱӽµˣš
˵۽硭ûǰ˵ǻΪ˳˵磬ûзѶʲô۽硣
һ󷽣ģɣҪҶСſڵѪܵƨɣüЦǰ꺮ůˡ
״ǰһҶҶĸ̫үϷˣλүƸңֻүִʾʦ̫үϷˣѧΪ֤ﻹү̫үļһ⡣
ҶһӣǳҲʶЩ֣ӹȴδ򿪣ֻǿ˿£ȻټҲ˵֪ѲСλʶã
ҶȻڷɧеĲѾûмˣڹ壬ΧҲɽϣʱȥͭʸ˽ߣҲֻιһ㶫ʱУһ˸ǴţĶҲȥˡ
ԣҶϵЩѡݣϵȫȻɲóˡҪ˵£֪˭ףѲɴӺլ̺ʳӵѾѡ
罻ȦӼȫʧټСڱ´úܣҲģԶԼ£Ҷϵ֪֮Ǹ治˵ġֻǶӶûǰкͰţĺ
Ʒɵ̫үҴáͷʶģ̸ֱ£ټѲݵ׷Ҵšչܼҽ飬޷λ˼£λ˼ˡ
ҶҶĸҲȻˡĶӻԱߣ˵һۣϲСԼԹѪϱٺãҲûнùӵĵ
ҶĸȻˣҲȥֻϱˣ͸õţôһͺ˾ףӣԵҶҿݲ£
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״üͷһҶڻѰС˼ôһ˵ҲжʱˣôСũ̬ɣһ㳤״̤ǰһҪͣȴסˡ
ҶɩǳǳһЦλӦþǴɩˣ沣ӦһźСøյҶң㲻Ѵ˴磬ѹɩҪ
̾˿Щ£ҴŵģйɩᣬΣҲֻʵʵ˵
˵΢΢һ٣Ťͷһۣ״ͻƷףǵѾˣ˼Ҫļ£ˣӦûرˡ
״˸ĵһ˸ʤȯյ΢Ц״ֻ뻪Ʒһͬ˳Ժ䡣ҶҶĸҶɩֻһˣЩʹҲֻܶԹźʹɩֱԲˡ
ҶңڿɲֵֻԸҶңҶҵĵˣǹܺòΡܹڼּҾǸõˡͭʸ˾ģǿʾ㣬ͻſѪһڳԵ㣬ҶһôǿǼ
˿ˣ⻰˭ǽûУһԾ
ֵʯչҡܼλ˾СϣǵļıأһҪָ˧սģЩ£ùλ˼Ǵɩ
⡭ҡСϾǸˡ
Ҷɩ֧֧˵Щ£Ϊ˾һġ֪ھʱӪ׬添⣬Ƿ˺ܶծ
ͭʣСһ˾һĳֱˡսɱ֮£˧Ҳþ˲Уɴ֣ϱԴľܵҡ
񣬴粻ȶĳԣ˼ӣﻨƵأҶֻǴũյͨ˼ңи˲֪ơ֪ɵ˵ңҿҲҪܿɣżʶ㣬񣬾öϱ˵ûе
ҶɩĻʵ˵ʲôңüʲôط
ȵŴ۾ҶɩɩӶԴ˾һ֪˲֪˲ģסɽׯһޡһ֣
ð㣡㲻˵Ǹϵĺϻʳ⣬ҪʱʱɽҶɩһѾסҶСĶ䣬ʹšţȻңһһҶСãðԵҡ
ššӴҶСӵ֣ۼŭҪԼ⣬ϽһҲ˲ƨϵʹһ̶ˡ
ҶɩĿϸݣ׷ȥŭҵҪʲôĺ꾫ҼСԳ⸱ģ
ҶҶĸҶСһͨ䲻˼˵ĶʵҶСȴǻġٿС־磬ڸߵ޵ݡ
СС˼ҲСС˼һҪ棬ϱŹžͱƼԼЩ۵¶ڶϱǰ̧ͷĸо
ǵѾȫѹȥٲŵʢˣϻһǣţϱЩﻰ˵Ҫǽȥģ
ҶϵشӦһͷǰݣһסҶĸҶ̫̫ӲʵĺܣʱС԰أôطţһλôõóֵĶϱ̫̫ɿĵĺܣڼЦģ

ֻǳԺζģܾҲƣֵϱҲˡţ벢ҶһܣǾȫҸĽϱ㲻ΪԼ룬ϵİΣڲ𣿡
ҶҶһİ붮ģֻúŴӦ״㿪ʼ˰׻ٵҲͨ׶ˣϲڼңָʺʱһλү˵ǻʵ۵ֵܣҵңţóô
ҶֲʶϷĿûٿһ⻰ѴһģĶɰǸ鳼Ҫ췴Ҫıλϼҵ£ɲֵͣҲɣҪӵģ
ǸˣҶң˵治ĻھͿôһˡţǾһС͢˰ΡϮ棬λ˼룬һС͢ô
šš
ҶҶĸôһ˵ϸһ룬ôһ¶ЩܳҪô㣬ҶڻǷˣ͢طСҲȻͬġ
ϿҵصŶأС͢棬Ǿ̫ϻʺ̫ˣ
ҶҶĸľôȻͱôϡĴ˵еĹ̫ϻʣֻ̫ͷҶϵƨɶˣҶĸ˫ĿɵԲƺϲ
룬ҶΪһС͢ϲڣүôҪûأף⽭ɽҪöϵһȥģҪǳñˣ
ҶսսǶ̫Ĵñѹôǡ̫ϻʡЩصСС⺢Ӳڡֵܡ
⻰ϱţɹزΪҴһģҪҶҵصģ󲮻˹أ˻ѧ˵ˣǺˣɳű䣬ҲԿط˼ѽ
λ˼Ҳ֪˭Կط䣬ҶȻϷҿϱ⻰˵ͷӣϱ˵⻰ûҲ⺢ĵһ˼ңүĸҳûϲȨĻģǾҪɱͷģ
̫ϻʡϷ̫ġ̫һãȻ
һ˲۽ǣصѺǣѲ⣬ҹǣңòġղ˴磬ֲҪ﹫źʹɩ˼һŮӣĵĿ࣬ܶ˭˵
ҶҶĸһĲԼ˶ôŭԹ£۸һ¹ŵСϱ˼ίġ
Խ˵Խģ磬Զ˵˹أҶº󻼣˵˲ǿѹѳ־á
Ǵ˴磬һԹ˼Ҽ޵ҶҶҵˣҶˣ˼ûչˡҶ˼ȴҪҶҹģҵÿ࡭ۡ
ҶҺøĸߵ޵ݣҶϵһĴվϱί㰡Ҳ֪СǺӲģң˭˵ģӴȣ


09 򳪸
ҶСƨˣӵĿˣûܶԶͱҶɩ׷ϣ˺һ˼ӺۣٱҶɩɽȥѰҾӴһͨ֡
ҶСǸӣҲԸƸµңҶɩֽǱսؾ˵˵Ļ
˼˼ҴѰҲɣڵֻӿҲ˵һ뿪ĻҶɩ޿κΣ˿Ҳֻú޺޵ػɽ
ҶСƤƨɵӺȰˣƣػصɽϣȻֲֻŲôһ򣬾Ҳˡ
ʵҶҶĸҲδؾͲˣҪԼмֻѡһǵȻԥѡԼӣٲڱϾûǸݶϡ
һҵÿһΪ˸ĸ룬ŰһݲƸŮԼĺԶԴһҶϼ˵ҶС˭˭ؾͿ֪ˡ
״ǺεʱҲͷ˸ҶϵҶΪһ˵˼ǺεȺε˵õңʵ繫Ѹ̫ϻʡ̫͡óϻ̳Ͽ֣ޡϡԾ
״ذʾǣȻŹŶʵѾҶСˣĻҶСôҶҽأ
λ˼ڶȴ룬뵱ȻΪ״ڸǣѾҶҵĹ⣬ҪҶˡ
ϱһ£ϱҶҵǾһˣҶϷ޹ϵվһҶСкòԹֻ費ۡ˲ϴ粻벻ĺֵܡ
˺լĻ磬ȶҶҵĵλٶټҶСڴ£ûȡҵټ֮żɽ˵ԼĴ㡣
λ֪չѾϵһЩݵˣżΪӦͭȷѣ漴ٳɱҵˣ漴ռˮɽ
Ц֣ˮɽվסš˵ǿ϶ҪٴˣӡˣĳϻȣǸҾͰǺݺݵشȥ
ǲġ
ڼҺһֹ˱¶磬ӡʾ
Ǿͻ±ˮɽͬڼկ¹̸У
Ц¹ٹϷֶŮҪõĺܣ¹ȿϱţô˵ڼң˾ҶˣҲǡȿȣҪõĺܡ
ɵҮԽ˵Խ飬ԽԽԽС
һһоֻΪõ棬ǻΪһŮ˾ԼվһߣկֶŮϲĲǸչҵչ᲻Ϊ¹ȿս
аţһɣôܣӵΪկɲΪǼ˵ΪҸһ˵ϲȥƴ˵չкöݸϲչҵˣȣ
Ȼˣô֪·ѹ֮£˼㹻ĺô£¹Ⱥڼկһתǳ֣
Դ˵
侲صڼҺ͹ѵľٶȷףǶԷ㹻Ĵۡҷ򱻽⸰ǣϣ·ѹ㹻ĺôǾöԸǺףҪչȴʧصĻôǺܻܿǷһôأ
ոֱۣͳһɣġսսսʱҭںѾܵУѵҪٽ·УλսҲֻ˻ɽȥ˶ý
ڨڨطֱۣǺսȴҲڿΪԼѾ޵£ţչܡڡżңذɡ
ô죿ֻиڼҺ͹㹻ģţţ벻ᵹԱػḶشһǲŲᶯҡǵˡ
۾ֻһӰ̵ʵôӡΪǸôأ
֮ƣײżңһȿڼңֿڼռͷصĸҶߡͬʱû˺֮ǣǲר־ضԸУԹ˵ͭ뷴ǣǹأ
˰һΪ˾֮սҪһףҪ׿һʵ̫ѣΪÿһ˾徭Ӫض㣬ٹ̣̫Ѳˡ
ʯΪֵɱȻԼҸټҶС˷ֲܵķʽҵ˾Ҳõѱ
Ա˵ĴܡͨǶԷͷϴҪĨżͭµӡǣ̸ס
ҶС²ѭ쿪о֮٣ԭҲˣǲһˣһšһɨصǲףȴǾûлᡣǲҪˣʲô
΢΢һĵʲôʹʲôϵֻһĹϾ뵽ˣԼλˡ˼˸ô˾Ͼɲ
һٶʱ䣬һԱĵط˵ǲԶĹȥΪذյľϣõǿҵķĺͲͬС
ǣͳθõصȨͱˣһվͳθõô͢Ӧ
΢΢һЦͳԦͭʵģȻңҶҡǶͭʰ˵ǵֻǵˣ͹ˡ
һţȻ򣺡ҶҳΪͭʵһң͢ǻּɵġҶ˾ſҵˣӼ군ˣȡ֮˼ҵĹүӣɶܽܵġ
һ޶۵뵽ˣ˵ȻҲ뵽ˡ״̾ѣֻҿǸŮˣңЩͼ֮¡
ڹĻǣǴʦְҵ磬ֻδشóҹɵһ״ͷ
ڼҺ侲ϸ룬ˣƾϾͷֻ²һٶʱ䣬Ĩȥϵͬǡһٶʱ䣬ĨȥڵصͿɿصȨ
͵ؿһۣԣһҪһ˵֧֡
ÿ˶뵽ָˣΪҶСͭʺеֻôһˣڬBã
⣬ĿԶڬBø뿪ʱص΢Цһ˫صĸҶˣǺǡڡѽ
ɲǺôʱ˵ϻͭʣҪȥڼկ̻һʱ䡣ڵżұúΣգʱ򾡹İںĸͭʣҲûԭ򡣳ǡиҪ£ôڶ˵Ҫʲô
ĿýһֻɾĺꡣãбҪΣȥڼկݷһ£ҶСڬBþʲôĹϵڬBһִ㣬Ҫ˽źö֢ҩ
ţɽ֣ҪŮ⿪һء


10 
ٺţ룬ǰȥݻڬBõʱҶСȻᳵӵظϵ˰ݵءشΣɽ´аɽϣγ˶Ϻ޿
й䣬ʱ֣ͻȻٱһǵı̣֪ضǳ͢񣬲ة鳽δᣬΪٱǲҪվӴģ˭Щٱƫݡ
ʿӵʱةڳæųˡûة˾ڳˡȻ˵ԶҳеݵλĴүû³ϰߣةһ⡣
˵ةǰƷ٣˾ĳ͢٣鳽ǽʿĹȻȺдϷϷ鳽İþ⿡
ةʳŷӰ졣Ϊة̫үǸʳң̫үһӰʳʳᾫڲϸԼʳƷζΪ
̫үǱˣϹǰŶӵ׻׻ֻһѵҪסһҪųԣһҪ¹󣬶ģһҪ̵ģմȫˣǧҪڱţ
дŷ磬ةʳҲͿˡ鳽ڳС峴ըԵ֣һةүſ˺öСС䣬дһˣɽӴôš
鳽հһƺӴ͹ֱ֨֨졣鳽һɣǹЩһˮˮܵǹʲô
죬ةүǴĽǸǧܣСĲʡ
鳽ǸܱҲܲվһô鳽ߺߵصҿ㣡˵ǵ߳ȥ
ƤƤǧſڶȵòͷ̲סССة߯Ҳףô˶Ӳˡ
ƤתҶС칧صҶˣͽȥɡ
ҶСҪ˵鳽ʹӹ˳ʵĶľҹ
ƤǧŤͷһة׶˸ӳӴҶ˺ͱɣ
鳽һ𲼴ֲϵһ黨ΧȹͷϴСñϻһһֻצ飬һӡ
һƤǧԣةˣһپǴ˵ةĸСһǧܣʲôʸԳƽ
Ѿ뿪ˣֵطĹٵ¡Ĺٵλձ佫һƷ֪ǼһһƷܱˣʮа˾Ǹܱ˻ö˼ҿͿΪǵԷһҲǲĹ塣
ĹǵͳǴȺܣҸרңǣͨ˿ҲˮûʲôãĹһһ֦ʣǱǧɱ˵ġ
ƤǧȻڹݣǶָʹ˾Ľ٣ֱܱϽҲĹ١󴵴ţ˵˵û⣬˼ˣƤǧȾ
Ƥǧܴѽ¾Ǵ˵صةˣʧʧݶǳ͢ѽةô³ˣѵӶ벻ô
ةϲˣҲּǲǴ֮õģǶйй˵ֻǵñ˳Ц㷭۶ҪܣԱ˳ŵġ˵ɣЩˣʲôˣɲӴǵġ
ƤǧܵصԱҪӴĲô
ة΢΢ЩؿƤǧһۣȻεĹٶ
ةǸӴڣƷͬҲͬ²ǸǧܣҪסԣֻһһ֮أݲôļҽ
ƤǧЦصѺ˴֮ٽأ͢ûй涨֮ٵݾסѺ˵аס
⵱ȻУ֮ٺܾܿηǱô죿ݵûеΣ˵ҲרҵܿĻôķӵ
΢⣬ֵʵǷ٣
ĹԱʱⲻϡ棬Ѻⷸ˵ĻйôˣΪ̫뱣ǵȴôȻҪٸʿѺ͡
ǰֻһǧܣȻҪôѺͣȻƲãҪѺ;ʦɳ͢öϣöıֻ̨˶ӣةҲ
ƤǧܡޡڣһССǧܣʸ񵽳͢󣬴֮λ
Ƥǧ΢΢ة¡ؽܣλͭţ˾Ҷˣ
ةע⵽ҶС죬ҶСϣһ£Ǹ桢üۿ㣬ôһźū͵Ĺ鹫ӣģ˴һˣȻǸ٣
ةϾ뵽ƤǧܵĽܣţ˾٣ةʱȻ˾еһֹƣ֮ûУȻ٣ǶϮģľ˹Ҳϡ档
ةȴδ뵽еٶǸʵʵĹһȻһһҶСһ䣬깦һ˾Ȼ棬깦ʹһССͤһʵ۵ˣȴҲʲôˡ
ةŰɵƤǧֹĿˣȷʵɣΡֻ͢˹ԱסܵĴԱĶѣǿͣ͢ȴδ涨δԱֻ伸ѺԱҶСƶһͷҲ벻ġ
֮£ةֻƤǧڰ˵̫СȻ˹䣬Ӵǳޣ㣬ҲͽӴˡƤǧһٶˣٶƥССعӴˡ
Ƥǧ¿ɴ˵ʢ˵صةĿԣĩѽһССǧɻƽ¹˽ģ¹ҲǷ°ٶˣ˳ιģöҳסģǳ͢егȥסʳʿ˭ȥ
ةҲ֪Լŵ̬ȵֻõؽͣƤǧȻĳӦʳҲӦõģҪסѲҪ˯ԺĳԼסҲóôҲסµġ
ة˵ţԶһȺƺƵظһʼƤҩƵճҶСչһˡ
չչż嶫ܼҹ䡣չչϼչ׵ܵܣ嶫ͩڵܣǲϣڵܡܵһ·ҶС죬һлоһûʲôʵʵľٶƤǧѾǽ˽ġ
ƤǧܿǾһ·ҶС죬ֱǣۿܵΡȻڲϵɧŹУҲûоȥ˼̶ңţľơ
ǣչôԶԶģѾԿſڵĴ嶫̲סչ磬ѾôãѵҪһֱȥ𣿡
Ҳͷص㲻˵Ҫڰ··Ǿʲôʱ֣
չЦһԶҶС죬صǲҪ֣ҸΪҪֻ֣ۿǱ𼱣֮أ


11 
˫һæʵƽ
չ΢΢һЦǲü֪ܿˡ
һޣٱſڣ˽ǰ͵һǰؿҶСһۣôģЦǰλǴ˼ةҪס䡣
ة»ȲҲҵæСñ˽Χȹճףص˾Ǵ˵ةºˣιй
չٹʯ丮չҪһΣ·ء
ةһǿɶԲסˣǳ͢ס֮ȷǳ͢٣ַΪ͢ǲӴġ
ةԲ٣ʵסֹٷ˾ĹԱеϵסԱļҾͨҲһ۱һۡ
ǳ͢ģûӮڣѾһصĲةоʳСؾǳЩʵ¶Ͳ⡣
ңҶСһ˳ҪŲ£ĻеطչЩˣԱ֮ڣҲѺҶС֮¡
嶫ΪãһָҶСˣʲôǲסأ
ة˾Ȼס
䲪ȻŭдΪʲô˾סãסãʲô𣿡
ةƤЦⲻЦص⻹򵥣˾ǳּ͢ģǳ͢٣ᣬ˾ԼļҳҪ˵Ǿͺñȱˣ˳͢͢ҪٺҾǳ͢١ҼӣǱԼƸȢģҪȴɳ͢¡
嶫÷裬ʲôƨСô
ةһصСűѾɹˣҪһ͵ɫˣòҲǲҪġ
嶫֣̽һץסӣĹƨǹӵĲ
ﲻԸһʼлҩζ嶫ڼˣ˴ʱҲ಻סȻةҲǸʲôƢ͵ؾס죬һĭӣةĻҲڵһð
ةףͺݺݵ嶫ͷϣȵѵģһ٣ҵٵĵҰ
ſЩȫǱˣŨټͳͳةĲ£ʱԹ۵ĵʱӵչ嶫˵Ĳһεʡ
嶫һõͷͣŵһߣЦεмصƾЩ߹Ƭ̹ɱ⣡
ة˻뾢ŲӵɱӵԿǾбȥģҾͲų͢ɱ췴ųն
ҶСضƤǧܵƤˣֵ̫ˣҲܹܣ
ƤǧЦؿ֣Լҽˣ÷棬ѴһӣھʿͦǹǰƽչγɷΧ֮ơ
Ƥǧܴȵڴˣ˭췴ɱ⣡
ةϾһָҪ췴
չϽǰȰ˵嶫ǵλΪЩСִһ·Ϊ˿ҶС첻úαؽ֦
չһ˵һ˰ɫչո˵ҶС֮ؾˡ㬵ػ˻֣ǵûмǰةƤǧܵͻ
չةЦһ˵䲻Ӵᣬչĳһ·عȴҲδܾҡ㲻ͨʵˣةҪһˡ
ةƲǰΣô
չһ嶫͹ߣѰס˵һͷȥةۿԶתٿҶСƤǧܣЦ棬ȵúˡ
䲻٣˼˶ڣҪҪǰģҿҶСƤǧܳ棬ٰһٴȻ
ةųߵҶСǰصҶˣƤˣлλԮ֡Щӣڼҫˣ浱ԼҲмޣ֪ںĶ
ةչ嶫һֶƤƤˣ̫Сٶˣ˾ͰŲ£οôҵǿԸһס԰ŵ
Ƥǧܴ˴֣סޡʳǮ
ةȻ֧ģǶĶҺĺܣҺкͺãסޡʳǮҺǡ
ƤǧһһǮʲô¶ˣüЦصãة
鳽ʲôҷ֮£αлλȵСȱˮĳѱǰȥ

سǲ޶ڳ򶼿ǱôСĵطйͲˣôܴˡͬģ˵صľ¥Ҳǳ٣һС¥Ǳľ¥ˡ
¥¥ΪԹž֮ƣ˵سĽǮƤƻȿ֭ˮӯʶȣƴǹ͢Ʒ
չ¥嶫¥ƣִ˳ȥĳѰҿ԰ôס
һ˻ررȴҵסˣǳˣǸةţȥ˳԰
չһ˷ܵһӣЦ³ӣ
嶫̲סԹ磬㾿ʲô㣬ڿ˵˰ɣչ빲ʲôܻҪһֱǵġ
չ˵ҶСڽãЦؽ͵λݹ֣չĳ棬ʵǴǰչĳҲȷǷһڴ˼мƣȻ˵֪ˡ
չ嶫͹˾ƣ˸һչضǽ
ԭҶѲ˰ҶСѺӲöϵ֮չչ꺮˴һϸһ֮Ҫֵľ档
ǿҪ£Ȼǳ߽ţɽֻҪܰţɽܡ塢ɢձ࣬ҶСܽҲҲһ군
˾һҪʯͭʣҶС첻ڣţȺ׵ʱ򣬲ϧһеţɽ
ҶСȻҲܷŹԼҲʵۻϳҶСԸ˾һǺѻҪҶС
ԣְչ˳Ҹʲô취ֻҪܣͰ·ŪҶС죬Ӷ󻼡ʲôʱ䡢ʲôطʲôʱʺ֣ǵȻ޴ԤУԾȥûṩκȫƾչӦ䡣
ƤǧֻˣսȴֵһǧˣҶҶС챣ϣչһ·ҲֵĻᣬһɣǲʲô£֧ӶҶСӰֱ
£չһƣԺÿгᰲĸ·̽ǰһֱҵ˻ᡣ
سǺСûɰϵĹͿջ󳵵궼ûô󣬶ҳڳûдլ޵˼ңڳи԰
԰ţż⴦԰ǸṩٵġֵռڣżҸողժ˹գų͢աˡ
żΪֽǮ٣кܶݣȿʱԵĽǮڣժҲɹӶĹ˾סΨд˴ɵٶ¶Ұ⡣
չϢ֮󣬾֪ĻˣǣϧؽӺڵͰҩҩͰֲ˴Ƭ
Ͱҩ԰õ棬ҪҶСը֧飬죡


12 ҹ
سǲǵ֮أ԰سҲһء԰סڳ⴦԰ƽֻ԰ӳΪ˸
ԱĿΪ˷ֹ͵ѾժϣֻȾˣԱͱĸΪӲժװüпܣĸӡ
ةȥ󣬶˵ʵݿҲǿţסһʲôҪǮҲû飬Ա⿮ȻӦʣǮȻǲġ
ԱⲻةǮة汨ʱȴǿǮģбС׬һʣԸ⿪ģҶСˣŸ˵ͬµ԰
԰ᶼܼªҪں򼰱ʱڽڴŵģʤڵطͨá
Ƥǧһ·Ҳо˼ĵطǴģʱһ̣䲻ȿջ̹ҲڻĽҰ¶Ӫöˡ
ĸ԰סһķ߷԰Ҳôһطӣة㣬ĸ԰ȻԹ԰ȥڸҶСƤǧԼ⼸ٻһĹԱ
ةҶСˣЪţߵʱѷԸˣһ
˵ةٺһЦֵĳóλ࣬һĳˣλ˳
ƤǧһʱüЦһةӣѣ϶һζ˾ΪΪĴԻķˣζˡ
Ƥǧܺͼٻлǳذة˳ȥ

¥ϣ嶫²ʵñ£ô쵽ģ
չ˿ھƣԴصҩǺð졣Ҳ֪˾ٶͻЩǹҩѽҹڱ߾ⶫͲϡˣټϿɽ·ҲҪõֻҪǮ·Ūѡ
չЮ˿ڲˣؿ嶫Ǵݣ͸ˡֻҪһ㣬ñ˯˵Ŀ԰˯øһЩڶҩ̵שһӣֲҪǺǡ
չصǻͷֵҹ˯̫ûѲҹû̹ף̹ˣǵĶʲôɣ
޵˵ҹҶˣ
չɫԳЦԾƣԾƣɫ磬ȵʱˣǾȥǱ¶ӪȻǱȥϿ𣬹
嶫ҲЦ˶Ʊ˷ܵһ

ʱʢһλͣλǸĽˣǻʹ͢һλ̫࣬࣬Сס
СȻ첮ģ첮ڻ㲻ϴ̫࣬͢Ҳְ˾͵һ¹ˡ¹ǲ뿪͢ģּܷһҫҲܴһʵĻᡣ
Ҫ֪ĹٵȨ͢ھ޵ģЩĹټͽǣĹٵżҲǳһ˾ղطӭǺġ
ΪڻһЩڲôеĵطСٽͽӭ˳֮ˡ
С׹һͨĹ͢Ĺʶ֣ѧѷ͢ʿĹԱҲ鷿飬Ļѧʶѷ͢ԱΪɻǴͬġ
Դ󲿷͢¹һлȥȻų档˹ǳһ˹ף֪һǲǾһأܲҵһ
С׹Ǹ࣬˾ˣĹԾ˹빬̫࣬ǧ꣬ҲЫʺһݶ
ϣ첮ĻǰԼһˣȺӵġᣬѵõĻᣬ󲢲Ҳղ̣ͻȻǰһΪǼð¹٣ͼթȡǮƣղطӡţš
Ц첮ĵ๫ѵõһˣձιһ⣬Σ
첮һۣصղΪ˽չ٣Щ֮ôô
̫Գƺܶ࣬ԻʵԳū澣ͬԳۼң¼ԳϹһЩ̫õԳƣְ˾ĸ߼¹ʹõģǾǶԻʵԳƳ͢ԱԳƹ
Ϊʵ̫ΪڳԸ߼̫ҲԴԾӣ統ʱ̫ʱԳƳĳĳΣ͢ԱԳƱΡ첮ľ˻һֺݣлᣬȻԱղԳơ
ݸһЦģЩٶд֮Էһģ칦򣬲
첮ҡҡͷղʥ˽Ϲ٣̽⸰ؾ
⻰λ̫಻ⰵ֮⣬ǰ̸ţȲҲףЩøУ̫Щ˵е̫಻һ˿ּ˽԰˼־⡣
羡ɢصݹأعªдˡڱظϰɣ˴ɨ˿ͷ
첮ҲӦʣ͵ͷá첮Ⱥ˱裬ϴⷢϢ첮ϣеǣңƼ
ѵóһˣһķԭҲԸڻؾɲΪڸ뵢󹦷򣬶ΪӯӯѾˡ
ӯӯʱ䲢뿪ǵǰ¸ϵġŮ˸·鷳һ·ȫɽԽ룬Ҫ·ɺӹţҪܶɳͨĴֻٶȱȿ·̣ŵүˮˡ
ӯӯ֮ҵطЪȥ񲿱ְŹԱǽѵ֮ŵݹĸͨʹ˾
ͨʹ˾Ҳùĳ˾˽лȻǻϼΪӵ£Ȼûɴ£ѹ죬ųʱʵۡ
Ҳҿǲ֪ʵڴʲô˼¿¸͵˻ʵСΪĹԽԽΪΣʵ۾µһ֣µĴԻʵҲǵΡ
ĹԼ˻ʵ۵ϸʦԻʵ۵һһСһһǱκ˶ҪУԲǵļֵǾͻᷢһ޶ϵı£ôرͷԺ䡢֮󣬴Ļʵһһơ
첮˵ӯӯѾ˾ϲҶСŮˣ³ҪҪҶСŮϻʵ۵ռҶСʹ಻ŻῪġ
ǣʵ۾Ǹ߸ϵӣ˵ᣬһĺˣֻҪһָûκһŮܿԹԵΪ½
ԣֵ첮һɵΪûȥʹʧȥΧۡ޵Ļᡣ
һؾӯӯѳ˱µŮ˰ɣ첮ԽԽģã˯ȥ
䣡
һ춯صľ죬첮ˡ
䡢䡢䡢䣡
һľ޴ըôֽɪɪϵĲˤ÷顣첮Դ˹̺󣬾øСʧëܴһţһʪˡ


13 ƽ԰ҹ
ĵԺĳ⣬Ȼеʲô£ˣţ
ϵܳŵصүҲð
Уǳ԰԰ʧˣ
ŭʧʧôĶȥȥʲô£
첮ۣӵĻ¼ˣʲô£
๫û°ɣû¾ͺãҲãҪʹȥ顣
һɽϣչ嶫վֱߣԶҹɫԾɿԿúĹ̳¶Цݡ
嶫ãһ£ҶСòˣ
չصϧѽֻվܽӽȥҶС״ٺ٣ҸȥƣһƬ֫Ϻȥιͷ֮ޣ
ҩôһʧЧˡ
չڣͲ꣬ΪԷһһҩֽ֮һ칦ôܳ㿴Σ

УҶС˷ڵϣ޴ıըϵĻҶ÷׷£ѵϵİҶ÷
ƤǧܵԲ˫ۣͣǷϰյݶգգģҡ
һδˣһŽǮٴ׼ȷƤǧ¸ɾǿըõӣź޺޵һأ̫ײˣ˶ݣ
ҶС֮ͬ뵽Ȼ˯˿ѷǣһط䡣߲ҶСĿӹһ˿ɭĺ⣬ŤͷƤǧܵ߾ɽϣƤˣô˵
Ƥǧŭƴ˵磬Եȫץסɵعٸϳͣ
ҶСЦһֻǼܹó޴ĲƸͨٸ
ƤǧҶСһۣҶ˵˼
ҶСնҪ
Ƥǧɫ΢΢һϣҪһҶ㣬ʮа˾չܡˣǿҲ˾˼ҡ
ҶСƤǧҲ㱻ը춼ǣ㲻뱨ô
ƤǧڨȻƤĳ¡δظҹȻɱңһҪڹΪܴܲӴ˴粽Ӫɣ
ҶСȻѾˣе˶ҵͷϣ˭ƤǧǺˣ㲻ģҸ黹磬Ҷĳһǧٺ»
һǧٺ»
Ƥǧܡˡ˿ڿˮץһѿݲݣһݺݵصڵϹģ˭ץɣˣ
Ƥǧڵһȵ˰޹ġţ
ստģҹĺſƻԾжӦƤǧһ£ҹɫеʱ¡¡ͲĺŽ

չ˵һչ߰ɣһر޴ӣ
˴ʮҪת뿪ո߳ҹɫ˺Ž͹ĺţչȻʧЦЩûըĹٱը˵ˣǵоϮôȻŻģĴ˭ս
嶫ЦЦδͻȻֹ˵ɫѸٳչһ˳վҲĵ
ҹɫУԿһĹ㣬ǹ͵Уҹ΢·ĺ⣬ģԽԽˣһŵĹٱдεڶܼĶΡ
㡭Ǹʲô
侪ŵغҹɫһŹٱĬţΨŭǹԾ
Ͱըҩʵ̫ˣǳĻ⣬Ƭʵֲ̫ˣǾڱ˽ⶫɱͶܷΪ֪ǷûֵըҩԶúԶǵһء
ˣӹ԰ƻ°ڷŵվڵĲ˱÷顢ըϡõĳ棬Ҳǿɲĳ棬ܲŭǻ
嶫ŵغˣǲҪҡͭżҵˣ˭ңżҸûꡣ
һƬĬֻ꣡꣡꣡뻮һĽŲǺ˸ǹеķâ
ѽ
ۿԷԽԽչһȥ
ǹʿûһֻŵĳǹǰһݣչڿն𣬵ڶųǹӵһųǹֵļͷббա
չֻӵ˳ǹСؿں۱˳ǹԥش̴
Ҫɱң
嶫ŻˣݺݵеܡӳĵܵˣǹɲرƽһųǹҲ£
嶫ؼţܾʹ˸˵ȥʿǵ˫ȣһǹڵʣסһƵİһŵֳ˳¡
嶫ֵؿУͶͶҪɱң
ѧǵӹȥȴֻһźɱ
ǹ˷һͻ̹˶̶ϡ

԰ɧ˽ߵǡ
§С˯ةҲ˷ţ۾濴סڱǣоĶСһЩһ᲻ʲôǺҲʧˣ䣬Ьӣવػˡ
ĵСڴ࣬귽ʮߵĹ˯ģ׶ѣ˿Ȼ˯ֻǷ˸ԭеĹ⻬ĴȣӨ۰׵ֱ۱㶼¶⡣
ةСƨϳһѣ㷭˴סС檣ںñӣ˯
ˣϳǱ̫ү˳˳ǣ԰ºԴ˸ȥʱѾһšסڱǵةȻ֪ƽȡ
ȵʮͰాáͷװ¿ϣةԴӸ԰ʱһ·ȥŸоƺ˴¡ةҲö£ûͣѯʡ
ϳǣͼ˰շ׷ӵ⣬вٲѲҴгﲻҲҩҴҳЩ
ǰвԶҲ͵԰ۼȺİվǶΧۣةɺʲô£ô֣
ɢŴȵϡõĽǮ٣ة΢΢üиһ˿ԤУɱǽסڴ˵ľֳʲô˰ɣҪǰѹٶŪˡǿǹ׸ҵĽǮٰ
ÿÿ
ة³Գ嵽ǰϰգ俪һ·ǰһȻվס԰Ѿ⵹ɴ˱ÿ߷ѾȫʧˣֻĴӡطҲţЩᶼʵȻôҵıը
⡭ô£
ةãȻĹˣҶСͻȻǰЦأة˰
ةҶˣû°ɣ
ҶСЦû°ĺܣ԰Ҷ˫ɡ
ةҪôɣܰѷӷûˣ
ҶСȣ仨˶΢˫ɣ
ҶС²ظţȺͻȻһԱ⣬һѾסة䣬ĨصˣҪϷѽϷĹ١ȫ


14 ǹ
ةһԭԱ⣬⾿ôһ°
ص㻹ң˵Ҫҽطұˣ˭ôǣȻҵ԰ըҩһеĹ١
£ȫըˣ
ةȻըҩ⡭
ةҶС죬ҶСЦλ԰԰ɣʧֲˣЩӣҶˡ
Աŭص㶼ˣ㶼ʲôã޷ҼҾͿܱȡٵʸˣ
ةΪȻصʼҹһͼۣ׬Ǯ㲻Σ
Աߵ㶮ʲô˹ƣ˼Ҷۼҵ϶ԣӾ۰ٱ
ةһҵ԰һôеӶ͢ˣȻ۰ٱô
Աߵ㶮ʲôұǴӱЩӻֻҪ˵Ҽ԰ģҲ۰ٱ
ҶСһԭһ̣صȻˣλԱȥɣǣ
ҶС˵꣬Էةةˣ룡
Ա⼱ˣϽ׷ȥߣ߰˵˵Щʲô۶
Ƥǧǡô߳龰ŵԱǰһվݺݵʲô۶ѣûƨ۵ļ̣ӹһ߶ȥٸ룬ͷ
ԱģҲֻۣ㬵ض㵽һߣ첻ѡةƵضҶСҶˣ⾿ô¡
˵ͼ̧ʬԼʮߣһʬԴţةһϳվӴ嶫ةʱҭסˡ
ҶС쵭صǰ㷢ִǼˣ뱾гҪŻɱҡ
ҶС˵꣬ƤǧܵƤǵ൳ץסˣ
Ƥǧ׵ӣЩ²ҹжǸϵʱһȫ֪ʲôӣһһ־ܣûʲô¶ֻ٣Ϊ⣬˾͵ؿˣûѺ
˵ţ˵ղ˵ֳҴȥղոշص̫ү߹һֳһƬңղǰûӣ̲סǵǾͷأô
һæƤǧܣƤǧϹȥһ̫үҲҵ̫үƷӡһ˼Ĺٰͷٵñ˼Ҹļֻƽ
Ƥǧܰǰ΢΢Ƿ̫ү棿
ͷƤǧˣô£ǿɱˣλȻһ֪֪ղ٣ղˣ𣿡
첮Ĵһʵ̫԰ȻĿһתȻԶһϤӰʱ˶Ƶģվһˡ
ƤǧȻ񲻿ɷϣɱϾܣﲢǼԱվһĴ̫࣬Щ˼ɣĽ͵̫үǿûڣҲûڣըҩըġϡ
ҶС첢ûע⵽첮ĵעӣǧܴҴ뿪ة֣ʩ񣬵ةˣҶĳȻģСһ񣡡
ҶС˵űةҾһةæסһãȻصĳ֪ʲô£ôҶˡѵ
鳽еζͻҶС΢Цף˵վΪة˵һ仰Ҷĳһ

գ԰
ةٺһЦ˵ĳóλ࣬һĳˣλ˳
ƤǧüЦлͼٻǳةȥةȻվסŲɻس˳ӣ֣˴ôйɹζ
ƤǧܵʲôζŶζѽ
ةҡͷ֪ĳ⿣ζȷйӹζ
ƤǧܻعҼ٣ЦǼĸ˳ƨ
ھٺôЦةصƨζǡʯζšǻҩζǾд˻ô
Ƥǧ̫ܵһ·ֲһƽĵ·ɽҰ֮вǹã˭殺
ոҶС仰ȻŤͷةһ˿ɫةҡҡͷԳһЦҲĳζɡ
Ƥǧܰةͳ԰صͼҶС챳˫һһصͷ·ӣƤǧܲʧЦҶˣôĪϲɽҰϢԼҸҲôһҰݲɣ
ҶСû̧ͷֻǶשصķ϶ƤǧܵƤƣשǲǷ
Ƥǧɻ߹ȥϸ˿ͷǱȽ£ô
ҶС˶˼£ש̫ϸ岻ָƤǧһγ嵶һשҶСשµĵ棬µģǾѹɡ
ƤǧһãȻص
ҶС쳤˿ƤҼʿڿ
ƤǧȻΪȴߵūţԺܲõصҶˣ㾿Ҫʲôұһ·Ѿˣ㻹
ҶСߣÿʮӣ
Ǯԣ
Ҷүڴɽһ󣬻治
Ƥǧƨһתߵſڣ溰Ҷڵأÿһӣ
䡱һ԰ﶫЪϢʿһƤǧܼһߡ
ҶСһ·иţҲĽҲƤǧܵȹٱУֻҩͰߣҵľͷ
Ƥǧ־£ҪڳҩͰȴҶСֹҶСƤҩһʧ٣ҩ˻ֳԭûлҩͰƾʲô
ǣ˴ʿԱҹڻҩĳΧ·һϵаš
ҶСةҪ˵һ飬ةȻлҩû뵽
һߣƤǧҲ龭̫үϸϸ˵һ飬첮ĳҶСʱŭôʱѾƽƤǧ˵첮޲ðǸةǧУⱾɱҶСľûᰡǸĹ
첮ĳ˿ǿһ˿΢ЦƤǧܵƤǧܣţ볤ҶС죬ҪѺ볯أ
ƤǧܿɲԸˣ˵˱Ů۶СܼǺһӡ
ƤǧܸϽˣ˵ͳˣ̽˵أҶٺ˾˾𣬽ɱҡɱһͨɱҶӮˣǼ˾ˡЩ˾ļ˲ϸݣѲҲòöϣֻðѺｻɻʵඣ
첮ĵͷЦصԭˣ
첮ŤͷΪ˰Ի𣬱ղҪ˽ԼϽźûؾˣҪ콫˰Ȼȥˡ
ȻЩղΪȥҴңûֳţҲ˿æղˣ
첮ĵصˣɣۼҸǣ
첮֣תߡ뱻ҶС쿴˵үţȻʵ֪ݣֻҪúýһӦҲû󰭣վǸ鷳ңڰŷԸҶС졣ǹϬ


15 꼰
ҶС֣صлةŤͷƤǧǱߡ˿̵ǴĹԱڱѺ;УЩ㴦ֲ棬ֻةԶԶվš
ƤǧҲû취˼˵ĺˣҩŵģըǵģҵѱƤǧץס嶫˵ʱеŻмţν߲
Ҫ˵Ԧ²ϣϽڳ飬ָҵطɣ߷Ȼģȴ֪ðյ˭ͷϡ
Ƥǧܶ˵ˣŤͷߺȵֵǣװ׼
һƤǧܣҪȥ
Ƥǧܳһۣȥ
㲻ߣ׮ӻûᣬǴ˰Ĺؼ¡
ƤǧŭЦôţϽϮƤĳȻһغ㻹±ɣ
ԱصʷԲƤҪᣬ˵Ȼûа㵱ﷸֻǴ˰ش󣬶˻ҩôˣҪи
Ƥôһֻ֮ǽ塢ʮʬ壬ζأƤһգﱾɾҪ֤
ƤǧɫҪô˵ҲûʲôֻǼٺˣ˳ιġ
ʷæȻһе
ƤǧܵɣǾͶ죬԰ǲסˣүΪҵȰŸط١ˣշô£ҲˣٶˣѺҪǾܷɢסģǰŵסҪɵǲźã
Ƥǧ˵ﳤȥȻƦ̫Ҳţ
ʷЦˣв׵ģ˵ֲ鱾عȻӰ裬ƺҪֻҪ¾ͺãƽϡ
صغһҰ쵽ѧȥͽڳطסգ
ʷæ׷ƤǧȥˡֳĶͷֻͷö˳棬ʵڲ֪֡
ƤǧܵҶСߣҶˣ˵Ҫڴ˶ס죬Э飬½ղ·ˡ
ҶСطΰٵģ˽ЩԱĿദЦҾ֪Ǿôƨˣ˵صعٱȻΪѣҲգǱɡ
ҶС췽ة̸û̫עƤǧߣм䲻ʱиɫ˵߶Ҳ谭ߣ첮ĴҴȥҶСȫδע⡣
ƤǧܵҲգǾЪ졣ղǱ߻һ̫࣬˵ǳ͢չٵģҹﹱȫըˣҿǸ̫ںڵģܲˡ
ҶСҡͷʧЦʵδ뵽ʧٵ첮ľȻ쵽˹һһˣۿ˸Ǹ̫첮ģҲֻΪͬͬա

ӲƤǧ˼ڣǼ˽֪˰ΪѺҶС͹ݵصļ֮˽˶Թʱ˿
һֳһϻȥղ첮˵ϸа룺ǲ㵽ҶСͷϵģý֦ҶС뼸λ˾һ£ǿ£ҲҪҶСۿŮ˱ռУ֮ٸһ
뵽⴦첮Ĳ¶һ˿Цһղ¶յЦݣе㺦£æһ๫㡭ôˣ
Ŷร
첮ѹһ˼⣬ˣżҵĹ޷ˣϣڵ񼸼Ǯٵ˼ңݴ
Ȼȥ졣
첮ĵͷһˣݺݵصǸةŹںεȽҪӱûʲôǻʼҹȻô·˼ס¹ﾡ٣ǲ֮Ҫϳ
ʵҲһЩˮѣֵǮ¾ŵγҲ־Ѻ˵ٱһܵĴοⲻѺ˱٣ǴԵʻ
һةֻΪ̫С޷ʿԲŽ԰һáڷ£·ϣƺϳͰɡ
첮Цһϴˣ鲻䱾أζʲô֪̫Ϊʲôǰ³
첮ѹصΪĿ޾ϣԶѻϵһǳ⡢Сӣʥɻľ˲˵Եɣ˵᲻һأ
⡭
һʱ˸ͻԺ󣬴Ļʵ漰ĹϣսŰܣսʤĹټŻ޵ģǱʵۺȨѹúεң˱ʸӵƣϴơ
Ļʵ۲ǿܣڴԱϣȻɱĴȨֻҪԹԱ˵Ĵ漰Ĺټŵĸ棬ԱҲʵѿ
ʵֿƺֺìܵΪԹԱ˵ȴܺ⣺ΪԼҳҾӣʵ۴Ĺټ£ΪڶҡԲϧһҲҪֹǶĳЩԱ˵ĴȻվʵ۵һߣΪ㴥ӡĿ޾ϣӦܵϳ͡
ڳֻ͢һССƷѣǵûʵ۲ãһ仰ǰ̾͵ͷˡ룬ʵ๫Ϊδأ
첮Ȼ⻹Ҫղ˺ְܲҿةͲ˰ɣ
һʮ꺮ۣϧˣةһ⿣漰Լǰ̣ǾֻĪƶˡ
ҧҧˣղģܸ˳еεģ
첮΢ЦǸˣǺǺǣģʥϲãղԼ䣬±ϴ˲
Ҿлղˣ
ֱ첮ѾʧſڣĬȻƬ̣Ψһ̾

ҶС˱תƵѧΪٳ⣬ǰѧһ飬ʵֻʱ뵽֮ǰڴء
ǵҶСһס֮Ƥǧܻٴμһ飬桢ˮͳͳŹѧͳһҪص÷겻͸
ة͵԰ģǶԵ緹ȵҪѧòˣıȽۿ磬ةż¿١
ƤǧӭȥԹةô͵ôҿһ͸߹㣬ʱˣ
ةɥƤǧܵƤˣĳȴҪˡĳһͣ
Ƥǧܴһةѵʲô֢ôľҪˣ
ةеص˭˵һ˾֢ǺģղŭةĲʹˣҪ䡣Ƥһ·֮ϣҪհ


16 ɰӨӨ
ʧǰӣѪȾս͸غ졣Ϊֵ֮
ãðھʿкãҶСƣüɫ衣
ǻλѧһۣģЩŷɣ˿̳ȴƣǻƣǻҲŷɣеӾͺãȻкá
ةһƲ֡ȻƵةְλʱʱҪԹ԰һʮ꺮̤;ÿֻЩӭĻδš
ɴ˶λʱܾҲãҲԣȥְλ˼δֲԹһⱻȥǣְǶˣǺã
ҶСŤͷƼةǶ̾ģ߹ȥһԵʯշЦةǳǰ֮£
ةüչصĳȲҶţǽӴ룬ϱ߻ģĳɷ룬һ飬ɾû÷ˡ
룬ϱ߻ꡭ
ҶСŬ룬벻һʲô󣬸ɴ಻ȥᣬֻةЦҶĳ֮ѰӣΪһֻ룬ЩҲûãοΪԼ
ҶС˹ٱ͹ùˣԼΪԼһһԼѹѲɳ֪͢ڹͰٸԭְ
ة̾Ц˵ÿؿ˵Ǿûûΰ
ҶСЦһةļ˵оҲ治óģҶĳǵԹϾĹҲԹڹɽ亣ζ涼Ҫ˵ζûļҳ㷹ɿڡ
һ̸ʳةüɫܵ⵹ĳţĳӣϱЩȫÿ߶վ뵱ڱǵʱһĳȥ¥硭
ةѹʼҶСϲش

˩ǸĺӣûͷԵġ
ôĺӣʢÿèûͣʱⲻ˩Ӵȥٴ֦ϣڼҺȥˣھӼҵݶƬߣݺݴһƨɵӣַſھԼ¹
ﻹСڳԷ˩Լһз̽ͷ̽ԵһҲֻܺغֻ࣬Сãʱ
˩Ȥĺܣһעת˵ϼֻϡǼֻһСͷǵĳѨ˩𣬼Сľò
˩ſڵϣͷֲ֧ؿЩϾŵ׷ȥȻǰһ˫ѥӡһ˫߸ЬЬɫ֯ЬһϷˮԧ죬ܾ¡
˩֪Ь󣬵ϵǳУһС£ǵʱ͵һױһСѣһٴԶỬ͵˿Ӽ¡
˩ͷͿһСŮЦӯӯؿһǼ°ͣĵĽëӾһرζ
˩ǸСƨоŮԵǶʲô͵ˣиоģ˩飬Բλ²С˼ȹӻ˫Ưĸ߸Ь
СŮ˵ˣ˵֮ǰգգ˫˵۾һöСܵܣðʲô֣ļңǰһҶСסģ
˩ؿСŮ죬Ťͷȥﺰһɤӣﰡ
˩Ⱥ˳λƯĲ񻰵СŮһϻѣԺſվŵ»ˣһʱ޴롣
ǡǵģԭҶңǼԭǼҾǽַǼ˿̫࣬ס£Ҷ뿪ǵʱ򣬾ͰⷿӱҼҡ
˩Ͱ͵˵ţСŮ߽ݣᵽ˼ϵ㣬ֻԼҷ˵ζ˼СŮϽȡצѷ˸ϣصеҡ
СŮΪ⣬Цص磬ССʶ˯ݰ
˩Ǻǣʶĺܡұ߰أСʱǺͷɶġССʱһסݣȢӣ˯ˡһպϣǺǡ
˩Це㺩ϱֵ½ǣ˩ͷϱһۡ
СŮÿݵ߽ȥزιһ˩λСŮϲЦҲЦŴ̨˵СʱкҶСȥ棬СµŽŶӴ̨ȥҲЦ
СŮ˩˼Ȧ˩ССʱ󽫾СŮȻҲ࣬²ܵԺǣܿĵزιһֱȦǸط
ȦζС˩ע⵽λСŮʹӶס˱ӣСŮȻ벻⡣˳Ծǣ˩˵СԺô£λСŮȻһȹӣԾԾԵҲҪҿȰס
лл硭
СŮܿĵس˩ЦһУӱȡһӲӵĽԪ̺ģСŮ˩ЦһС͸㡣

˩ֻԼ껭ϼĲүŵ¶ŵ޴롣˩Ｑúˣ˼СŮٰѽջȥϽӹӣСŮϾϹ
ǳԷɣ
СŮܿسֵֻ֣СƵķɳ˩ļҡ
˩һ㿴ңҿ㣬·һ㣬ã˩һʳϱӣҧһڣüЦصģģ˵ζġ

˩ǸСŮȻӨӨ
ӨӨ˾֮ĸ׽һ˹ӡӨӨԾǡԻʹԻʵ۶ܺ棬ҲͿˣһȥҲûʲôϡĵط
ʵбһֺңԶİĴڣμˣоһº͵ˣҲûô̫رĵطǸо˵ֹкܶأϳʱд󳼿ţڹ̫࿴ţʱһϲ޾ӨӨ۵ûš
ΨһоģǻʵۿİСˣ˴඼׽Ȼ󡭡
оųɾŶĸǴñ֮ززʣµǸǹģݣܲϲӵֻһֱôûֶţҲû˵ʲôݵĻǲϲ
Ϊ˻ʵл˾ͿԻعݣɻʵһֱҲû˵ߣλʹҲǹˣ˵ǵϢĸȥ죬ΣÿǸʵ۶ڳӨӨϲԼԽûĸ׽һʱҶС쳣סĵط
ӨӨ˼֮Խ⣬뿪ˣȴ뵽ҶСʱոսǡߺ󲻾ãҶСľլڡ


17 Ʋ
ҶСԼſʱĿþƳͬƾɵԺţֱӾȻճţԵةЩ֣ʵҶˣڿʲô
ҶСջĿ⣬΢Цҡҡͷ
ǴСĵطƺϹԺţҶСһ߽ȥĳ嶯̫̫ļ䣬ǣ˳˵½磬˿һݣù˿˿̵ӡ
һǣҶСͺةҴĴϣڴ֮ǰմҶСĹ⣬ةһ·ǿеĺܣʳӣһ֮ζ
ǣȨƵڣ󴻢ᣬӢ˵ãҲõ͵һЩ
ҶСةҪ̲̲աסٰӦķַͨ˾ةҪȥҶСİ̫شͨ˾ϱ͢ᡣ
˵̲Ϊֻ̲һ⣬Դܿ죬ƤǧܺصĲֱĳְѶ䡣
·ϣҶСةˣǰ˵Ƿú˼һ¡о֮飬Ҫԡ㶪˹٣ȥţ룬ұ֤һչÿµнˮԶ͢ٺ»
ةҡͷЦлҶĳﲢãϧֻʮ꺮ȡĹȴһʧȥǭ̫ƫԶˣĳиĸã̫Զ
ҶСҡҡͷ˸־ҲǿֻǾ֮ة˵֮٣ҶСȴһֱȻԸȥݣҶС˽ᾩ֮ºٶ
˵ݣةն˵ĹְǷֱסƤǧܺصĲ˱˹񣬿Դظˡ
ҶСΪ壬Ǯð˼ϯ磬ǺԺһ·ƤǧһߣҶС˾ˡ
ҶСǴķ٣߲̺򣬵ôҶСһϾʮһֱԶԶƤǧܵˣʼձ֮ң
ƤǧʹֲֹҶСͣЩȻѰҶСǷԸȥҴһ£ļҵǷھǡ
ЩɽﺺӣͨЩҪǻ״Ǿ׶ˡҶСһ˵ЩһãȻȴǺԥشӦ
ҶС״ָסҲãʮа˾Ѿ˹ݣǴһµĺáȥ񲿴ǵȻ֪һ֪ġǴȥǧҪ˳ͻ鿿ˡ
ǻЩãȻɱɱУǺͷ֪ȥĶˣǼæͷ
ҶСһ¶ӣЩֻɱɱĺӺЩ们͵ĿǴ򽻵ֻ¸˼ˣǻɵذء
ҶС룬ЦˣǾͲҪˡȥ̲Σһżţ壬˵ҶСˣһˡ
һ̳ţһ·̲εڣظȥƵģţŪ˹

ҶСΪҪȺйصϳ͢ڴѧʿȺһóٽӲöϣʱϢŻᱻһЩ֪ȴ֪ȻȻ뾩죬ȴ˹ע
ָʹ޹һֱֵǺĵļҡүҵĺ԰ţѤˣλһƷ̸Ц
λϴУǽˣɽˡĽ̷һֱܳɫԿƾеڵʿӺܶ࣬һԱȻԽӶˡ
ǰЩһιԱǾۻʱλĹԱȻϯϹԱ󲿷ֶǽˣǳˣ˳ڱ˵һ䡰뽭Դ˿ҫ֮ࡣ
Ϊ֮ɽҲ٣Ȼϻûͽȣ֮λ˳ȴܶ࣬ʱһλɽĹԱһ䡰Сز飡
λԱɽصˣؽĸ飬ǿλ˳ĸ߹١ĸ鲢ǰǰ񳯼ǧĹԱϣǾͷʮ䡣
ʮ䣬ɽؾͽĸ飬λСʱһ˽ӵͬѧһһһʱΪѻ
ڳ⼸λɵúܣʡĹԱλϴţ޹˽⼸λϴ˶ˣûƽʱʱһʽʩֻһҾбʯ汭ͻıǺ
СǰΪ˱裬ǺĵͷעˮµĲҶҶС쵽ˣ¹յϢ˵ʱ˾Ԥҩͼը˻ӹһ١
̸ļλ˶ĿͶһλ׺߸ź뵭Ȼ̶ˣԼ˻дãô
λ˽ǣ;أΪתĵġɽϮǧܺʱ˵֪תˡ
˺ɽ˾ʹݶʷǨϾɡɣڵְȴǶԺҶʷܶˣ渧ϣνȨա
˵ġ̶ιѲҶܡҶף̶⼸λѶֻţ
˼Կңλ˳˼û˵ĳϾʱҶСȥشּй
ͨ˾ͨҫЦʵΣ
˼ԵݣǸڵ
ǵ̶شˣ򲻻ᵽλã˿Ϊĸ𣿡
ǺҡͷףȻ͢ϾȻϮһ٣ĸ׷ĿνԯޡڹЩǣ˿ԷҲ׽ȴΪĸ
˼׵Ҳ˼ڽʱͼ˵ʱֻǸ־ĻͬݴʹȴҲйΪͷΪţľΪһ٣͸׷ңԼĵˡ
ǺЩõضǵ֣ϣҵѳıˣ̶ݣǱҲüӿ첽ǣ
̶ǹѲҶܵźţĴѲĺšǵ˵ͷ΢Ц󷽣ĴƷͷӦˣ
뵽ҶܡĴѩաѾܺãλԱж¶˷ܵĹâ޹΢΢һЦôҶСˡ
ͨڻԵ̶õˣ̶ڹݣԵԶһٵǾͲҪˡҶС죬ֻҪǱ֤Ȼطݼɣ£ǲҪˣŪɳ׾
Ǻĵͷ޹ӦûҪϳ˼ɣ
޹ЦȻûУ˵ʯ䡢ͭɱݲðϻЦʹ졯ҿǾԲҶСʧġ
Ǻ΢΢һЦ˵ʲôҶСҲܰȻȻˡ


18 㻨
ţһ䣬ûһԼᱻƱ
˵ҪԼʱţδ⡣Ҫİ˶ȥˣصĶǷ٣йϵŵһѣѶһ
ģֱ̲˾ٴкǸģýֱͷк
ţΪйϵķ׾죬ԴֵسΣ˼쵽ƧҲ⣬ǼҶСױһСȻǴҪ㣡
ţãȻǴĸ
ǵѣɽʿǲԸ˵ҶСյģð֮ӡȻ˼ҪˣȥҲͻ֪ߵݣʿѹûͷȻǱϵߴ˾Ϊţġ
һʿͷĿһӣȻȻ֪ˣߣ
Ա߳ʿһЮţߡ
ţҺ󡭡
һڷĵϣĺϣĵѾڣţͣһҲҿˡ
ţôţһֱϵ䣬һ·ϣţ֪˶Ĵ㣬ΧǽʱΪҪһͱֱתΧǽŻ
һԷߣţڷġסĶǸǰǹɵĴ󳼡ӵĳţɱ˺˵֮ǰ˵ѣλˡҪԼ
뵽ţûѱˣһ·ûŵӣ˭Ҫ˻ôçֶΣֱд
ˡ߳ˣһţüЦţ壬þò
ţһҶС죬һС컹С
ţҶС죬ҶСԶźСλã˼䡣ţɷֲ˭˭
ҶСЦС찡ţ念һ㶼ûϰͷôˣ
ţûذһۣСҪң
ҶСһ˭
ţǴĶˣ𣿼ֱǰܣ
ҶСŷţʿŸ첲Ͻֵſſţ壬ôģͰţ
ҶС˼ţ䣬һ߸裬һЦеصţЩ¶ɽﺺӣ²أҷԸĻҲһ֪ģ֡
ţߺߵ䣬˵Ҷһ˶ؾˣ
ҶСһҵڹݣʱء
˼ҳҶС͹⣺ţ壬Ҹջؾе鷳룬Щʵڲǰµ϶е¶鷳㡣
ţ˿ڲ裬̧
ҶСչȥƤЦصһ˵䣬һ֪٣鷳ţȥҴ
ţ룬üͷ񲿣Ҫ̲һʶЩˣ񲿣ʵڲ찡
ҶСһ֣ϾһӣҶС·ûˣ
ţŴͣԾصСӣǷˣҪ˭Ϣ
ҶСݺ˾ҵǧӨӨĹ

첮Ļؾ֮Ͼ빬ȥӡԵ̫л޲žʱ䣬ڵط϶Щʱգܶôɡһ빬ƺٻѰ˭ýûл̤ǻɫĸǽǶ첮˵Щ̰
ǰԵȨǣǲһȫ˲ûֱӵĹϵֻǰ߹ٳ͢ˡ
ڳ׷ȨһִҶС츴һ벻͢ھһ˿ӣֻвʵòϣֻܸܸ˽¡
ԣһؾǵķ̤˹ţȥӡʵھᣬ첮˵˷չٵľ˿Ϊ⣬˵գ㵭ػ˻֡
첮ĺһ»ʵûаҶСŮ˸㵽֣һȱȱӣȴҲҶʡūŵӲ˵ʱòҪͷ
첮ߵ˸ͷҪ£ͻȻֻסСף
첮빬Ϊ׹һС׺֮첮ĸɴԳСˣ˵ȥǿҲӴȲҶСӴ֣ôҲһҫ
첮ĸϽǷϻʲôԸ
ʵ۳һ£֣첮ĸϽյǰ
һصλӨӨ
첮һϽ¶Ϊ֮ɫĸѾʱ̫ãҪ췵عޣΪѰ
첮תתĵĸҪعΪʲôĪǻϺ͵ĳɻ۳һϲöŮˣš˵ķ˻Ƿ̴桭
ʵ֪첮תʲôͷüصתӨӨ޾Ͳˡ㣬޴棬Ϊýˡ
첮ףλӻûţ
첮ĸϽϣӰһּ¶ʲôýˣȻϲӨӨ㹻ҲǿԵģһλ˾֮ŮΪֻ°ٹٲոյţǱ߰ٹپ͵ù˳ţ
첮⡰˳š˵ģ»ʵӢţûãõܼλүүξˡξͬùΪТ֮ӣ˳
ɼξּͥðٹٸ׵۷ż룬һͱѣʮˣֶʮˣжʮһˣʹʮ˵ȹ˼˳⣬ޣΪ˳¼
˲ٿȻɫ䣬ȻҪһϲĹô𣿡
첮ùģæϣ˵Ҳѣ˵ҲѡҪ˵ѣΪĹУٹٵĹ˻˾Ϊݳû󣬻Ӱϰ
Ҫ˵ѣҲѣֻҪȰ췹Ѳɻܰ˼ҹͷҪ˼˾¶ˣǿɾǲͬĹΪĹԱƷģ˭ҳд
ԣһϺĹɾޣūΪٹΨһ£ΣҪϲøļҶķֹͣļĻܻϳ谮Ļ׳󡣡
һ䡰Ļɦף󲻳췹

첮Ĵǲ⣺ܲһ㣬±ȱһ󷹵ıҪ¶
յصӨӨ޶İ⡣ûлᵥദޱ̫ԹͬķˣķܳЯŮ빬ޱЩദ
ָָ޸ղ˳ȥ̫˭ֻķڣķˣ˵ӨӨͲùйطûû
˵ţܻض˶š
첮һתϣĹУֲɣѰ취ܰڹأūһƣϿϲãū澱û⣬ҹͲ˺Ƕʻ
ϲæʵƽ


19 ׼
첮Ĺˡū澲֮ū澲Ÿ˵
θڵģʵۺ޲һѽ첮ĵͳֱ澿ʲô⡣ѹʵۺＱǻʵ۰ʮ˻ʵۣӴڣɸ˺ͻ¹
λഺڵӣĶ׷ŮˡŮ˻ģⷽȫǸ鳡
̺ܸߣžȸ󳼴С̺ԹµĴҲܳ졢ǣǶŮˣȫ޴룬֪չ׷
ˡˡ˵ʲô⣡
ͣ첮ŲŲæ˵ϣȻλĹĸڹУūΪϿ̫æķڹС
ʵȻأ
첮ĵȻ󣬵ҹɫ٣Ĺһܵģʱūǰס˵ĸͻز޹Σ룬Ĺϲū澽أ
ĸͻزŮܲǣңȻԥظˣ
첮İ˫һģˣĹһ˹ٺ١Ͳѷඣ
ʵɻؿ첮ģʲô
첮ĸϽЦū澴ʲôǻøɵʲôϣūЭر󣬷۴ڵĲرǰ治а
ū澷ֲرһҩƳ̴㣬ȼһζһ룬ͻ֫࣬һдЧ
ʵۼɻؿ첮ģ첮ļˣôһˣӦһ͸ҶѾ˵ôˣôǲף
첮ֱ˵صʱ򣬿ڵȵ㣬Ĺ󣬱ֻ˰ڲϾͿЯǣˮ֮
һϲ룬ֳɵ޹Ϊһӣôƺƺ̫׵ɣ
첮ĵϣ֮£Ī֮ĪϲĹĸŮһӸһˣͻصĸοأ
šŲӣսʤǡ
첮Žż󣬼ԣϣĹɺܿҪعˣʱټһǾ죬Ĺѵʻ䣬һȥѱ˼ңӴˡ
͵վס˽Ų㲻˵ˣôɣ
˼ȥ̫˵
߳첮Ļֱ¶һ˿Ц

ÿ˶ĳڴ˽ϣţԶҶСЩֱü۵Ĳ¿ףţ˽ֱţ·ͨСѽӶҳӺǮ
ţ񲿣ֲǮ˲ģͨһ죬ĹϢĹﻹδ뾩ҾסַĵдСֽǮƣ͵˰
ţлСַֽع䣬Ҳݳһѣͷ¿Ӵţ߸˷عҶСһ˵ҶСϲû뵽ӨӨȻû뾩ԼԼˡ
ֻţϻʱȻĺɫãӨӨסǣҶСסǣǴʱȥȻˣǿɲأҪģҶСڵݣ䲻ʺҹ
֪ӨӨȥҶСҲһˣȥֻǮĴðһʢľϯţԾơ
үһ߳Ծƣһ߽ҶССڼ䷢Ȥ£ˬʵЦҹɫдԶԶ

ʵ˳ظϵ̫ӵĹķ̫죬һӼݵ̫ķæӭݡʵһҸͷѳ̫ҵ
̫ʵ۵˼δ׵ضʾɳ̫Ϊһˣοףķˣǳʵ⣬Ȼӵ⡣
̫ҲǼȻʳңΪʹܳΪ̫ȻѾݱȡýϣĴΪȻֵ¡
ʵ˵Ҫסķ˵˼̫аЦȻǲ¶һ˿ȡЦ֮ġᣬƤοա
̫æӦٶתǰķ̸ֻķۼ̫²˵ǵĻһϾϵ̫ɽ
ۼžҪķʵ̲סˣֻöԳ̫̫ɫǷиǣ̫£̫
̫濴һۣЦӴɫôˣķˣҿͲҪȥˣҹбǡ
ķ˸Ҫ˵̫ѾŤͷԸй̫ࣺ幫ȥķ˴ӨӨһ˵ķ˽ڱ
̫ӺͳĹԳƱΪ̫̫ӹĹҲԼĹʺ󡢻̫ӵжҲԳƱǰԼרĹԷ̫ȻԼĹԳơ
幫ӦһǷ˳ȥ֪̫⣬ֻ֪Ӹķ˿˳ӸȥЪϢˣ
ķ˼ģҲ˵ǵĻͳ̫ŮˣסһҲûʲô̫ķ˵֣Цص⹬ʳͬó
̫ķȥþ磬ͬʱĸȥʵšʵѾȵﳤݣһݣɴһ߶ˣֻ۰Ͱ͵صų̫Ϣ
̫һ澸ʵţϲ첮첮һֱڷأƬ̹͸˽
˳صСף̫Ѿסķˣ¡
첮һϾҪɡʵۻˣְѳеŮ͵˻ǽԼⰰĿ֮ˡ
첮ϴӦһֲĵضʵҪĴ䣬ȱõҩȼԱǰ
ʵ۵޹Ǭ幬ֻлʵۺͻʺڴ˾סʺһйסʵۼ㷭λɵӣҲҪǬ幬̼ݣҹ͵뿪ǻʵס¡
Ǭ幬ů󣬹־ż䡣ÿַ㣬¥ͨÿ贲ţϣ£һʮ߸λʵۿѡ˯ļݡĸϡ
ʹϤůˣһʱҲŪ˯ãȻһȫʩ첮ĵȺͻöðӨӨȴҲʵˡ
ʵѽƫ첮ôУöһУ첮ת뿪
ѩޣڽҹ
칫˷ܣŲࡣ칫ɵ뿪Ǭ幬һǬţÿߴĹű¡¡عϣֵԸСﵱľ޴ɰ˸ʿ̧żȥ
칫Ͻߺţ
䡱һѾˣһֻ޴ͭһʿϣʱعŵĴ󺺽תһƣϵǽߵĺ๫
ٱ㹰Ц๫кμ̰


20 
첮ĵλ
΢΢һЦܣΰǬ幬һֵ٣ý֮ơ
˵ĺܿ첮Ŀû档Ϊ󺺽ǽеһȺ壬ǸĶǻ׹ݡᣬһСųȥͷúܡ
󺺽ͳ٣þ߱һӲ˱йȾλֻξȻ׹ݵݡ
첮ĶλܽϤλܽҲһֻǻʼ߹հƵʲôݡ첮ɾܽ򿪹ţۼҪȥһˡ
ΰһɫصѽ๫⹬һɾͲ㿪ˡ
첮Ĺĳ빬ƣۼг빬ƣ
ΰЦݿصʱһʲôƶˣ
첮ĵۼҿǻߵˣʲôõĵģ
ΰ̫ܼҲǻߵˣǡЦЦ๫Ҫ֣Ͻ룬ǳ͢ĹأĳɲðҪԴġ
첮һͼˣǧ㣬Ψû㵽һ㡣ʵ㵽ˣҲ⵱£ش󣬻ʵ󣬻ʵһƫԶطĹԱ߻ʵԶıΥӽû˸Υ֡
ǰûϳְ겻£ƽʱûۣ֪ôĹء첮ļҲۼм·ʥͳѵ⹬žͳȥˣ
ΰһǷʥͳҲҵָʮ𼱵Ĵ£ʵҲǲԳֻ
첮һϲæ
ΰһдһҹŵ飬ڸֵʾֻҪڸ׼ˣĳͿԿˡ
첮һûɫʵܽۼҳȷǷʥϲɣȥʥּǵʥϲãѵͲͨһ𣿡
ΰҡͷȻʹãйɭϣĳԴðصģ
첮ĺ˵˵ΰǲͨڣ첮޿κΣֻú޺޵ػתǬ幬
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£һ̫ϣ๫ˡ
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첮ڣȻСףô֮죬ӨӨѾǰˣ
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첮ĿЦϣū뿪ʱѾū澳ȥѽŴ˵ûһͲС
һЦԷǣæԸ˱ñīֽ⣬дһͣӸԼСԣ첮ġ
첮ʵ²û˵ôĹأԾ̽˵ͣϵūߣӱޣһϻ
첮˵ŴҴ뿪Ǭ幬ڸֵ
͢ǺεӴһڣ첮һ·УּۣڸֵȻͷ󺹣ĵֵԱǶȫ׹أȻҹ俪ŵ¶Ҳͷһ
ǹԱææһңӻҳ鲼һѷƵֽ߷һӡˢõֽһҹ俪ŵ룬ϱϸ˿ŵʱ䡢ŵɡŵ׼ˡһҪšʱ뿪ʱȵȡ
첮Ľӹһֻͷ綷ʫ飬ѧʣڻ£㻮ߣһͰĵطˡ
ǵֵԱӹȥһ޵鷨
첮ļֲ̫ߴ٣ֻŸЦǵֵԱϸһ飬ͷãû⣬Եȣѧʿġ
첮ĲҧԼͷҪѧʿģ
ǵֵԱֵؿһۣȴ£ȻҪѧʿģĸ
첮Цɳɳɣúúãʹ˿һ㣬ۼżżѽ
첮˵Ų˰Ѷͷĺˮ촽ֻڸǵֵԱɲڵ߽һã̺ϵСȥѧʿ𴲡
ҹֵԨѧʿж겻СˣֵҹʵǷиʲôһĽҪȻʮ겻һҪҹļ£ƶȲɷϡ
Ͼڸ޺С˯СŶ£һм£ǡѧʿСŶѣȵصм£
СŶ˵еֵԱѧʿҵæ𴲸ϵǰãǵֵСǰݼһ˵ٰѻϵͺ첮õݸѧʿ
ѧʿüһС׳ɣУ
ѧʿź룬
Ƭ̹첮ļѧʿϵͣѾˣкιɰ
첮ĳһ£ʵһλھ޳̫ͻؼҽΡۼҳһλŮǰһʲô⣬Ҳļҡ
жüһԭˣţȻ׼ˣ
첮ĴϲϽű񣬵ѧʿ
ѧʿǺһЦϷһ˿Ϸ׼ûãҪҲͬ⣬⿪ŵЧ
첮ļöϷˣҲ޿κΣֻܿЦǡҪļλͬųɰ
ѧʿ̵ָصָӶܴ󺺽ɢԼǰӪָӴܰ裬ƹӪ浶Χ֣ǧӪָӻƹǧӪĺ׽
첮üҪ棬δȴˣǾϴˣЩɣ
λָӴĺܿ죡
ڻʹڵ֮λָӴչأѲ飬½һһʱǷǳ֮ˡ
˵λָӣ𹬳ǳǽͲӺ֮ʮͤÿͤɣмʿʮˣָҪһѲ顢Ѳ鲾ǩ֣ټѲһͤȴڰʱڸϵǷǳˡ
ͬ⣡
ͬ⣡
ͬ⣡
λָӴû˿飬µ͡ѧʿҲͷΪʲôҪԣ
һʱŻλָʹֻ˰յĹ첮ĵĳ̬ͬ⣬ڿŵ֣صǩԼĴ
첮ĺ͸£˰Ѷͷˮһű񣬶Դѧʿλָʹֵʹѧʿλˣۼˣлл
ʵ๫ȥ
첮ͷҲصؼ
ӪָӴܰ๫ǳ˹ģ
첮һŸոżԽһͷվסʵΪγ˹
ѧʿźȻ⻹Ҫʵ۱ļӡЧ
첮ȻϲѾͰ
ѧʿɫϵͲʽ飬Ϸ˻ʵ۵ͣԲſϼӡ׼ݿŵʽ飬Ҫʵ۱¼ӸʽӡЧ
첮Ŀɿڴؿѧʿ˰ΣȷλѧʿĲڸЦ

ʵ۰һһ飬˸Ƿ۾ԱߵС̫һϽȡһϣ΢ĶŪˣ˯۵ʲôʱˣ
ʱ첮ű߶˽ΪԼۻˣһȻȻʵСףӨӨأ
첮ĶɪɪؾһֽͰ͵صʡϣݹϼӸӡū澡ū澲ܳ


21 вҲ
첮ŻϡѧʿӪǧӪλֵӸӡԵһ·ɱǬš
ǻʹȥط첮Ҳ˲ùйˣһ·ɱǬţ԰Ǭŵΰܴ󽫾صܽ⡭ۼҵ
ΰӹ߽Ա߰෿ڵȡԤӡȶһЦݿس첮ĵӡϣԿˣ
첮ıһᣬΪ˳ţѾʱڶҪҹˡ첮ĸϽǾ뽫쿪Űɣ
ΰĪĪĳŽŽԿϷһ򿪹š
첮ĲŽĸ
ޣġ
ΰĪĪŽ˸֣ԶԶ
ΰһʿȥ˸ֽ˶ԿϷ
ʿӦһȥ
ΰ첮˴Ĵָ޵ñ£ԱٵιӲܰҹţͷһ
첮Ľصλһ⻰Цõصô˵ۼҪͦ˳ģ
ΰȻ֪ڻʵѲϾţɽʱҹּӭݣŽᣬڻʵֻýڳĴ󱨶ǿϾʱ㶼ҪҪǵǻʵѽ
첮ļһȿ޻ѿЦ˵ۼһӦøеˣǺǡǡ
Ļ죬ԼĹ֮ڸϵˣ˻ܽҲа黢˶黢˿Ϸ죬һ㲻ܽѴһӣȵţ
˸ʿǰǳص̧첮ĽŸ̧Ȼ÷ɱŵ׼ֻ޴ͭȵعϣ첮ĲȻΰ
ΰ˸վһ죬ĵݣڱȽϹͬ欹͹˭˵Ļ⡣ֶʼǣֵܷó¡
첮̲סʵλû
ΰŤͷȻԵȣԿײҵеֵ񱣹ܣĳѾ˳ȥȡˡ
첮Ȼú罬𵱳»ʵ۰ҹع˱Ÿ첮ĵõЩοֻӵȡ
һ򣬵ֵԿˣ߶೤ƵĴԿײͭꡱһͿˡֵ˺ȡͷ˵һߣмʿǰصĹš
һ첮ĵľͷ˳ȥҪܣֱΰһס첮ĵؿΰк£
ΰɫôȥСıͱ͸
첮ģ
˸ֻ˻֣һʿߵʯϣյһԡеյʯϵÿһװԵʯһԲ
첮ĵǼǰǸɨ̫࣬ùǶʯ˵Բٽŵļ𴦵ĲͬвСף첮һֱ֪Ϊʲô𴦵Ĳͬʲôá
ͼǸʿյʯǰȥⶫʵСʯһʯƵıһ죬Է
ңдҲõĻСرķܴ죬ֻһЩרŵʿ̫͢Ŷôķ
һĽവʯƬ̹򣬱͵ǱҲͬΰ첮Ц룡һ·˳簡
ΰ仰׷첮˵ģΪ첮˵ʱ򣬾һգһ˳ȥ
͵к͵̫͵̫šţһŽȻȲǬ֮ɭϣҲÿطҪλԿϷɵֵ˴򿪴
ֻȥڸټͳḶ́˵ǿĶࡣ첮ļ߳ʱһ͸ŷֳһ͸
첮ĳ˿ĵҸϵӨӨס֪Ҫãƥźÿȥأ
뵽첮İߣȥ첮ʵȥοͣñֵĹԱû׼ʶɽһƥ
첮ĴҴҸϳԶûڣǰ·Աһűʿȵվסʲôˣͨգ
첮һϽߺҪżԼˣԼţ
ЩйìʮʿΧգһ̫۷Ϊ׵СͷĿԻЩλΪΰҹڴˣ
СͷĿ첮ĵ裬Ϊ˽ӳֻ̫࣬ڹеʲôһ˫۾´ţһ㡣
첮ȡǸСͷĿۼҷּм¡лϵȡȥ鿴
СͷĿ˿ŵģּСٶܱαСͷĿŵؿ˿첮ĿصˣλСһˣһǵ߸
첮޿ˣŭѹҹۼҷּȷмҪȥʲô߸٣
СͷĿҳֻǿؽͣգʳѲ߮һǧٻһ˸ûǩͨСǾҷеģ
첮ĸոСͷĿȻСûֻϵþ
˵壬첮Ȼ֣СͷĿѵȥҲӸһӡ£ΪﻹнѲ꣬ûнὫӡвá
첮Ķ˶ţˣȥǣ
ǡʳǡǣʮʱֻʵרŵͭҹѲͭƣѲٳ룬߳Ұ룬ΪѲͨеĿ֮
첮ĸϵʱѾŲģֵǸµģλֻϺƵģȻǰ̫࣬ǻǰĺ˶һƥ˰˸͡
첮ֻҪȥӸ˶ѣǵ˺ӡ£ǲ£涼
첮ҹ񱼣˻ʳǣֱǶȥһ·ϲϽѲֵٱ첮ȫнױ;û̫ʱ䡣
ֻǡ̫ˣ첮ĸϵӨӨĸŮľӴʱѾǰס
ӨӨﱾסڹģŮӣסڹ಻㡣ǵطԭҪƶĶ࣬Ƕ˾˼ҿɱԭ󲿷ֵĺһҪǮסһլԺȻףǾһլԺլԺ£ΧķҲ
첮ͲסһǰǰţӨӨȵû׻֪Ǳ̫޹ˡ˵ȫĵطˣܳʲô£ӨӨ㰲˯ˡ
ļҵĻʿ˵˻ؼС㣬øϽɱլţӨӨ˯һ⻰ҲżˣϽѣϵǰլ
첮ûӨӨ̫󣬺ӵûˣҲɳѾ˺ܴı䣬ǼϤˣѾϵó첮ĻӨӨƳݣһӨӨϵͷ
ӨӨû⣬һĸ׵Ĳ飬ʱƹЩ̫࣬ǵͷģ˵ĻûΪһء
ӨӨλôˣ
첮Ĵ׵̫ĵǿģԽڹˣ˭ϵˡ
첮Ťɫ˭ϵ˰ҹú۲ֹѾ̫ҽΣõĲ飬ʵǡԻūӹ빬ͽӦ
ӨӨúˣæãߣ졭
ĸ֪ͨʱ򣬾׼ƥˣʱ˴ţ̧żʻӨӨϳӣæطԸߣ빬
첮İⰰҹɫкε¶һաЦݣ̣ع


22 ݵ
ʵ޺ϣһϵѾȼ˾ͷڻҺʹобţڱҺһƵƬ̹ɢڿտĴϡ
ֻ£ĻָỬ䡣
ϣϣ
ţ
ʵ۱ĺѣʵ˯ۣͼ̷ʳӵ̫վǰ߻һŽ裬һëǵ
ϸϸصϣ׼ϳˡ
Ŷ
ϰԵشӦһܾŲ齱ߣȻʲôҿûȫָľʹеޡҹ˯һޣ
Цǰūûү޹˯ţɻүš
ʵ۳ѹˣüͷһ壬Сأ
ԼʵصСסǱүɳȥô
ʵ۵ӣһֱû
ӹ˹ûأ
ʵ˰ΣѵϣٹѾţɲٵˡ
ŶŶŶ
ʵյص¡棡
ǣ
ӸϽԱһһ֣Źǰԭֻ߲վˣֻЩ߰ݶ࣬վ룬ԳʱΪֻˡ

첮ĻӨӨææϵţǰԱվǶԡųġ첮Ĵһ򶫷һֺռ籡
첮İһҲû뵽һڣȻ춼ˡ飬ɲֱţҪô֪˵ϸǲҰѻʵôȴһŻʵŪ
첮ĹٹټϳˣǴӺߣ
ӨӨļ٣ĿġʹôҪƵԷǵöʱ䣿ӨӨΪżûڽһ⻰Բ۵Ҳǻּģǽãôͽã
ӨӨЩʹŽǳļҵˣȻֻӨӨģޡžըһı޻ӿٶǰȥ
ǰҲǲܼݳЩ˵ϴˣסľʹԶӣҲóģǶֱǰǾ㵱һƷҲûеǰӱ޲ٵġ
ǰվڣĴ㳡ҲʿѲ꣬һʻ÷ɿ죬ȻԱ߸Žʿһ̫棬˵λǿ첽ӭֹ
ĸʿѴǹһֱָȵǰֹͣ
ļֻ֪ļң֪г͢ƥӹݸҲǺֱײ˵ģһ·ϣһ˻ǰ㡣
ǭ֮¿ηûʶ֮ļƥֱײҰһĽɫĹʵ۲ʵۣĸʿʧɫ˼ʧǣʷµҪͱ˼ҵ⼸ƥ񿥣˱ȻϧһɲǼСܵġ
ĸʿϽǹܣһͺ¡¡ʻ˹ȥ첮һԿһŰëϽͣ£ͣ£
߳ôһ£ǰſŵĴȫע⵽ˣ߿
ʷһϲûأʵûſɹ顣ΪһרŸҲʷԹ٣еԼʧְ
û뵽ϳȻвø氡ɣٶСӴŮģԱ߻̫࣬ĸɣһˣʷĻĻڵˣ
Ҫһൽǰ״湫ʧǣ˾ǻԻ͵ҪǸˣٱһٰӷطǾͷ˰£һΪһĹѫò͵÷ɻڴƾŰ͢ȡ׵û׼ܻ쵽ʷĸλȥǿԹٵ׷󰡣
͵һգȵǰ󵨣ͣ£˵һǰȥڱǰͦذͷŭĿ档
ԱЩ󳼼˴һʷվ̫ǰˣҲˣײǶϽ۲ɣϾ˸ߺͣסˣ
ӨӨڳϿҲһϽԸͣ£Ըǰס֣ƥŻǰܣʵͣסˡ
ֲɵȻ֪ᱻײϣ˵ᱻڴֵһţҪľЧܵˡѪô˼˵Լ٣
Թ٣һĻΧ£еֵŰ򡣱ΨǻܱԹΨֲǻʷ¶󣬾û¶
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ۿǿҪײͣʷ΢Ц۾Ƽһ̡ͦĸˣɰɣɰɣҪɵøߡ
ʷķˣһˮƵģͷײʱ䣬һǵ˶Ƶͷ
ǰ񱼳ɶԶűʽסʷ÷ڿз˰ѣ׼ȷ£ĹǰʿǼʿϽ˵ǹȥӣĸ֣ø߸߷ʷȫˡ
ӨӨ˿ظˣˣٶвȻǰġ
˵ŻӨӨ˳ӣӵҲǰˣҪܵ³С˳ллλ־˵ӢۣҪȻֳٵҲ֪Ǵ鷳
ӨӨû˷źý̤ʹӳԯȥʱſһҳ޵˾ȻҲһŮˣһɫߵķʴۣ⴩䣬ǰţϳĿ磬Խϻ޻䣬׺ɫƬ
һ˫ӣзףǰգ룬׺ŽӺܸߣӨӨĿ⣬ӦúС߲࣬ǱҶС쿴Ҫ׳һЩǾܿ׳Ůȴһûӷ׷ֵĸо
ƫԲ£촽ԸУͷ𪣬ȫͬԭӶŮԵĶ壬ôһȫͬϵŮǱʵţǰƽ̹ӨӨҲĸԸ䣬ʵǡ̫ΰˡ
ǸߴŮˬʵشЦ˭˵ԭŮӶģλɹŮ˼ӻҪˬĶ
ӨӨԹǰһŮ˺ܺ棬ʱûʱ̸ֻŮ˵ллԮ֣ʽմ
ɹŮ΢΢һ㣿㣿ããֲ̫üǣ˵ӣǾǽˡ
ӨӨϱˣԼ˵𣬶֪ķδɹˣȻҲû˵ӣӨӨֻչһЦӣֺüǣСüˡСûм£ͷл
˵գӨӨȹŷȥһܻһ߽Ум£м£岮һã
ӴƯ
ӨӨòʹùǰЩԱǰһ岮ҽУЦֲ֮һֳԾ
ЩĹٱѶԵһȺ壬ӨӨŮǰȴҲͨ顢Ƿ׷·˳ϵǰ
棬ʵϴϣϲ̧ųǬţ̫͵ȥһ䶼ǷǮ


23 ·ǿСײ
վסǸʲôģιôţ
ֵȨģһ˾ô봳ţ类ֵڲϣôǧһЩҲֻ࣬һ
ӨӨҪģǡǻּģ
ţЩɵؿӨӨеȻе
ӨӨҪ̽ģ˲
ʵһ㶼ûᣬӨӨ̫ĸ׵Ĳ飬ûѹζ
ڡ첮ĻŻʵ۵ܹͣҪ֣ǧҪ֣λȷǻϴּٽġ
ڴ󳼵ʱ˶䣬λɵʷ۷Ź⣬˷ܵسеЧðӿɷ
첮ļ龰ʵûбİ취ֻðڿƭӨӨĻظһ飬˵λĸ˳̫ףҹڳ̫Уͻؼ²ʡϵĳʲôӣۼҰѹһʲô£иҲЩ
ʷһʧȻŸмֵʷְҵ裬ضӨӨķӦ
ӨӨǰǻϵͣǿҽȥ
ϲͬ˻ͣҪˣҪڹҪǼǡҪġǰûŮ첮Ľ˶ææñ¼߳վŶ£ŲӣһֻڰϵˮѼڹˡ
ôԱΧ۸оɲã첮ıԴųվţǾڶָָ㣬Ǻġܿʣǳʣеˮĸо
ò׹֪ͨ˹֪̫̫֪ͨ࣬ͨ͢͢͢͢˹͢Ů٣͢Ůһֶ߶¡ΡΡŲţӨӨнСһ
ӨӨظسһֺ籡ٹϳˡ
ٹٳڴϳĹССѫУ컹һУ첮ĴӨӨƻƵűߣŴߡ
ˮϣյֵ𿼲ٹٷǵļʷŲټǣ̲ϣڱǿףʧǣ˾»һ̵ʧǣ񲿡ף
ʷ첮ĺӨӨе㶣λʲôˣ
ʷһģߵʱ˳ڽһ䣬ʷŻȻһ룬ڲʵؼ£˾ŮӨӨļ٣ʧǣ
߹ӨӨߣЦԵСӣҪϳʵȥסĶھƵúܣͷȥ
ʷּ£ɹſɶӽ̸ʧǣ
ӨӨˬʣԶλɹŴͶԵЦһ첮Ŀڹ
첮ıôԱͶĿע;âڱȻҲżҲ˲أӨӨƹ̫͵ֱȥ
ٹ̫͵ǰվסϳݣӨӨ첮Ĺ̫͵к͵û͵ͼǰ̣ƮмɡȽȽ
첮һһҲʵѾϳˣ
ǰ󺺽ɳĴˣžžֱ죬첮ĸϽʾӨӨ˵һߡʵϣһգȻ·վһˣһӨӨ
ʵһϲʶؾǰɡϾСܹĵѾγһֱܵԼֹĴʵֻϣ۰Ͱ͵ؿǿˮСײ
Ȼʵ۵̹ȥˣ첮ʰӣضӨӨ߰ɣ
첮ľͲżˣ϶ϳˣʲôڴģӨӨļ٣ϴߴ١첮ûɵӨӨ˺󹬣ʱӨӨ˦һ˫ȣԼ
ǰǴŽģǰߵ·죬͢üˣĸȥöγ̫޹ϵõ·
ӨӨϵ̫ȴǰ̫·ûйţ⼸̫Ҳǲģֻй˲ʸˢС
ӨӨ㵹ǿЩѽ
첮صۼұһҹʵǽƣˣĪ
첮һ˵һ氵룺µ񣬿Ǻã
µҪԲ£ѾˡǰӨӨķ˵Ĳ֪飬ֻҪ췹ļ֪Ҳûѡ񣬳ӨӨ빬ûڶ·
첮û뵽ʮʮȵ¶ʧܵĿܣµķ˵ѣܰѴסӨӨķ˻ԼŮ
첮ӲͷƤ߹ȥӨӨԺֽβ֪ˣۼҽȥȥ
ӨӨкòգ̫Ҳ֪ٴˣô鷳Ҳĸ׵Ĳôˣ˼һ㿵Ӧûʲô󰭰ɣ
ӨӨ˼ţ첮ĵЩ˼żء
첮ĿЦһ̫ǰԺת˼Ȧû뵽취ڳ̫Ƕûȥ֪̫Իϵģݣûʸȥ̫ʲôֻ̫ʲô
첮ԺȦ̫쳤̾һ˹šӨӨ۰Ͱ͵վǶţһϽǰʵôˣ
첮ĸЦϲϲáȻȬ
ģ˵ؼôôκˣӨӨ־ϲ
첮ĸɰͰ͵صǰҪ˵ҽء
ӨӨϲ̫ˣȥ
ӨӨһȹձ㴳ȥ̫Ѿ֪ǰ̫СģȻֻһ̫ǰ·ȻˣҲԼ߶
ֲ̫糯Ȼô磬ʱķڴ졣й̫ĹˣѰķˣ
ķһȵصô磬ӨӨôˣĪм£
̫аЦӨӨӦѾǻϵˣʧڻϣҲ֪ǺˣĸʼƣҲ֪ǽߣŭǱ
Ѿ췹ܲԼýҲˣ£ɲò̫͡ǰӨӨôһˣǺǣҿӨӨТģĲ㣬ȥɣδϴ磬һȥ
ķ˴Ӧһ𴲴£ϴһ£ǼԼŮҲ̫أ㼱ӭǰ
ӨӨǰȦһĸ׳ӭȥϲסĸ׵֣´һۡһϲסףҺû£Һû£Ů
ķȻɵӣ׺ö˶˵ģʲô¶
ӨӨصͱŮˡŮѾ֪ҹؼҿҽȹɰŮˡû¾ͺãû¾ͺã
ķ˸Ȼؼң˭˵ģ


24 
ϳһҪ£Բܵ顣ҪӼһҪŮˣӡ
ӱӽͣɹز㰢֮Ůġ䣬䡣ɶʮĴʱųޣΪ̹Ϊһӡ
ʱӾͼȰ˵ɷƳѺãʹʵɹС̹꣬ȥӴӴ˳ΪʵϵĲԭͳߡ
ʱ̹ĳӻ̨ϰףȢĸΪޡӸոʮͷòļޱҲûʲôԭ伮µӲԸⰴղԭ׸ļɷĶӣһߡ
ԭǿһ䣬˷ΣԭƽѪĲûǶԴǳѺõһλͳߣ¼޻̨άͳһѹƲԭվɱֶԴĺƽ
ִⲻ¼ޣòȻѣӶûмڴˣ͢ɴӣȰϰף¼޻̨
˴̨͢飬Ϊ̨̨̳кλ󣬶ԴӿĵؽȰʹų̂սͷ
ǰ̨䳤ӳ˳ƺ볶˺飬ǲԭϵʵȨߡԶĵ͢ǳӡ
ʼӴ͢Ϊͳαʾ߲Ϊرߡ˶ε͢ϵӵȻΪء
Ӵɹӣϣʵ뷷Ϊ˳庹ΪһƷ˳ˣִƲӱлˡ
һ˳ȽӼٽӼطĴԱɾۡӲ뿪õˡ
ĵطԱֻһھ£岻ʣ˳
׸ʱǸƢº͵Ϻˣžһ׸û飬˵ǰ˳¶ҲżΪ֮˴ţԹҲûг̡
ʵ˳ŷ֣һص죬ϰڼݳ̫
̫ͦӨӨʲôӦҲ֪ʱԼԽ¶ԽãҲżֻȵϴ磬ͣѮµһˣ䣬ͬ˫ʮŮɡ
̫õصǰ̧۲ķ˺ӨӨļЦʵķӨӨȥ
̫һ˵һȥķ˺ŮҪôƫҪôͥԺУû׼һķ˾͵ΪŮʱȻ˳ˮۣ¡
һӦķ˺ӨӨѵ̫뿪ô
̫Ȼվס˽ŲعԾص뿪ȥ
ɷǸȻ˰ū澻Ϊ̫ǳġ
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ʵһ̶ܻСףСףϰС׸
첮ĴǬ幬̫෿һ豻һȹˣ͵úܣһζˮ첮Ŵȥһ£̫˽Ӵ๫أۼҺҡүҪ㣡

ЩЩ˼ҵĽŶҪ߶ˣǻʵۣܲù˰ɣ𼱣ЩӨӨķץһСܵظں棬
ķ˳˵ѱϣΪλϻٳٲǻعݣʲô̫ɵģԭڴ⣡
ǰۿ͵˹ţķ΢΢˿˽ŲЩضӨӨӨӨȥϴװϼңھﶥţ
ӨӨһߣ
ķ˵ɣǷּ뾩ûʥ뿪۾ֻ︰ȴд˹ǣ
ӨӨĵصŮߣô죿
ķ˵һ۵ˣȻûˡϼȻ⣬㲻ô죿
ӨӨеҲŲҪôԺţĶҲȥˣ˼ƶҪˣ
ķ˺һǷŲǸҶСɣ
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ӨӨЦ䣬ЦеɵȻĸ׵ĸоԵУλȴЦ˿˿ġģһ֧ëƵģֱ
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˵ˣӨӨüɫ裬뵽ЩǱȻʵۻҪɫģĻŭš
ǴӹԷȺıߵģǰ߾ҪյϣǹʱӴ̫͵߸Ű˸С̫࣬Żʵ͵ĸɫ
ӨӨһӣϲõֵӽ㣡
ӳʱĿбӣŮӴӲΪǹŤͷһ¶ЦСѾͷԵϲΪҲˬʡĻԵʣرͶԵ
ЦӭȥˬʵصСӣˣ
˵ţĿ㿴ķˣͺͶϡµòӦþӨӨĸˡ飬ǸոջزģλĹеСˡ
ķ˿ӣɵλǡ
ӨӨķ˵λǸˣأʹüáŮżףЩײһɵĴٶλȣҪŮ˴鷳ء
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ķ˼λʽ۵Ůӿ빬͢ݺǺ棬δ̷մ
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ݸһЦԭ˵ҵ֣
ķ˾ȻǿɶأϽһ
˾ԼҲһʵˣǱ˼λɶǾͲԶˣȨλͳεĵ̡µŮѣʸ͢аĲԭ֮
ӨӨؿĸףټ֣أӨӨ̲סɶʲôλĪҲǸٶ
ķ˵סڣ⺢ӣѧʲôģҪпɶأɶǧҪ֣СŮ
ӿ۾СӨӨЦôᣬҺϲλСءСãߣɲ𻰵ĵط
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ķ˵ţǲĵӨӨŮλ㣬ǿǱԭϵŮӢۣԦｭɽͳΰ֮ڣһ˲ĽӢأ
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ӨӨ۷Ź⣬ǳݵؿӣѹֽıˣôãʹӺòãĺϲأ
Ӽ۷Ź⣬ΪĺܳԼȨλû뵽ݵľȻԼʹӵĹɹſɶءｭɽʲôģ˼ѹûȥ
ӴһͻȻЦǵӨӨ磬ЦɣˣӣҪǲýĹ򣬺ݺݵس


25 ӥ
ǽסķˣСã룡˹ſڣкķ˺ӨӨȥ
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סڹĹרŵĹᣬȻ񲿹ܣͬ
ĹǸⷬʹסģʹľӴʹǴҲӴʹڡ
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ҶСסţ˾ڳ͢еﻹټǴ̫֮õĴҶСסںƫƧһСԺ˼ⴱլǾ֮ˡ
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ԸȥͷԺ˻ѣҪΪµСӿֻȫ򳢳ԭˣʰȫĺܣѺܶʱ䡣
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ҶСϵʳǣֱӱ˺šΪһڳŮȵȶǴӺŶߵģ˴ںǣδļҵҶСæּǰš
⣬ΪٹѾ³ǰûĹٻӣԲҲѣһ̽ʣȴûļС
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ܶԵʵֻΪһԳ͢еӥ˵Ҳˡ
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߹ʱžǰٰ̽ȰοΪ飬߹ҲܸмֽǰסģཥǱ߹ˡ
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ЩǴδŬȻڽϣǵĹְλڲϵߣ룬ʼղĵףһʵš
뵽˼ǲ¶һ˿οЦ⣺ɷ嶦ʳ൱嶦룡Ҫһ׮Ĵ󹦼ŲһⰡ
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ҶСһ˼ԣЦҾһ̬ܵȺУֹ͸Щ⣬ͨ¹ټ˾ǱʾҸ׽
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27 ýˣ1
ҶС켱ææϻع䣬һݣᵽһɿζҶСЩ죬Ǵ͢רŽӴظԱڣ˵ûɸģ˵ζͦˡ
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ȻҶС죬ӨӨһŭɫʱȵŴС죬һĲšҶС΢ЦȥӨӨ㻹𣿡
㡭㡭ӨӨͰ͵˵䣬˳ص⴮𣿡

ôȥһޣֱ糯Żţ˵ʵۿ첮Ĵ
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ҷַоʳ»£Ҳɲκ֮ҵʿụְ̃ҵˣ
ôȡʷϸĽѵֹҶȨɴͳȨĴ֧ţңݣ¹١ҡݡ¹ȫˣżžһҶˡ
¹ܹżôԼһҶΣҡݺͻ¹ټ֮ϣΪֱҡѳһȺˡ
ξڵʱ߾ȹפϾתƣǿҵӰӶƺŵĹżš
ϧž̫࣬ϵ˼һ۾ͿˣʹһƱȨ˻ʵǡһƱȨġ⣬ôĻʵǴʹ󳼼໥ͬˮʵ޿̵ʱͷż̫ҧҧǳڶ
Ϊǣλ̫ͣټǻϵ飬ôһˣƲʲôˣѵõûбϳǡ
ڼһͷֵСԱ˯˯˳ԣʵмľϷһ޹أͲˣͻȻһ̫
ƲѣæϷӣ˰̫첮ļ飬Ͽͽ鲻ҵæ첮Ľһ·һ·첮ѯʻټɡ
첮ȥĿľ˽һʡԼٷѴࡣ⡭ĵģЩ治ֱ˵ɲߵūţ첮ڲźá
첮Ľһо׶ԭҪԼȥýˡ
д󶨣ʵʵÿνȢʼѡʱնǷºȿʼŮģΪѡ͢Ϊʵ۳Ļʵ̫ãڹһһž۵ĸʳųɾš
ϷǰɷλӨӨ첮ְʾֻҪϽ̾ͿԷΪʹϽŮ˾ʵھ޽ˣ˲ʹ׵ĺܡ
˵ҲûУٹŴºһԣһ췹ٹӲã»Ǩŭʲôϵأңڻʵ۶棬ֻҪȡӣʱ㱻ϵطȥҲһͷھɺͿС
ӣʵλС飬ȻЩ󣬰βŵ壬޹ΪӣһȻƽ£ʵָ
λӨӨһ飬Ӵ˳˼ĺ롢ǣӣٲܷ£ף˵ӨӨ޳أ޽ȴһ׮ˡ
ʵ˵ţ۾ʪҲ˸飬ǡװЩʱ򴦾ͷֵСҡ鿮ȻϷģȥһʥ˵Ĺ빬


28 ýˣ2
ѡˣܺã
Ӻ޲ԭľֵڿ¯ԱߣҲһŮ˫ȲŤһߣǴһţܺˬضӨӨ
ӨӨ⻰÷·һʢһܻϲϲƺҵˣһ˿˿ĸо
ҶСǹԱûһΪߵɡ䣬˵ƵûйٻµḯϰԺܶӵθڣȻԽԽ⡣
ķ˶ôֱ׵̸Щ̫ϰߣҶСѾһ˾ݵλѾӨӨѾ˹ƽڲ˵ûг׷ϳԼҪǲȴ̼Щϣڹƽ̵ĵλһ̣ϳԼ£ķȻٷԣҲĬֳν
ЦеصϵܼȻǹһ˾ȻҲԼҪ˷ȴν
ҶСҪѴ˵ķ˺ӨӨֻ֪һֱûеõʵĻᣬʱ̸ҶС첻̾һ˵
ҶС˵Ϲ˵һ飬ʵҶС˵鵹ǲ٣ֻɸˡ
ͭżΪʲôҪԸΪİ£ͭѾż֮ϣżҪͭʵһ˾ĵλȵðҶСɵ޻ᡣ
չҡܼҺʯΪʲôҪԸƽ̽ڳɽʯ丮չ̣⼸˾öԸֻѹʯ伸˾ռ䣬˫˳ͻ˾ΪС
ҶСУȻ˾һӨӨߣߣǶǺˣСΪƣ˵ˣǶݲ£
ԭγǻͳεĲڲҲͬȨӵںͲеļҪڵɷҲӸͬܡ
ҶСĻӲص˵Ľƣһ͸ҽʮսͶ·ѪѪǣǲŷ㣡
ӨӨûý㣬϶ôһȽĻСҪأҪ˵˵źá
ЦѾͷأ
ҶСһۣЦЦصϵڹݵΪֻ»δزϲءֵõҳ˵顣
ӳһ£˵һڼ֮ǶԳ͢˵վ֮֡Щ£㲻˲ֵģ
ҶСаޣǲԭ֮ԭϵŮһЩλȴǻۣܿڹݵĺʵ⣬ǻۡӦò֣Ƿִ磬Ůдǻ۵ģ˼һ
ӨӨСٲһҶСЦӨӨҪˡ˵Ķԣؽоգ޴󰭵ġңݣҲȷҳͷ
ӨӨҶСǾεģҶСȻ˵ô棬ӨӨȻţҲͽҹˡҶСҴ˴νﵢ̫ãӦþҪع˰ɣͣЩʱգʱһ·
ҶС¶ûӨӨ˵±òһ£ӨӨ࣬һͬعĻǾиµʱһˡ
ӨӨһòϲðð
ķں޲ŮϲߣֻЩ²õӵ˵ֻ΢΢һЦѾͷʲôУߣã
ӨӨͷݹһõ⴮ص⴮ء
ķֵصһۣǽӹ⴮

첮˵ĵַϵӨӨסʱӨӨķ˺ҶСո
̧ۿ˿鹣дĲĸ΢΢һЦ֪ļסլӣھðĲҵ
֮ǰ첮ίʾĹƺûʲôȤδ˳׼
Դ˲ΪȻһ˾ˣЩ֮ܣپҲһȺûӣһʹĴͺţϹǵĹۣ
˵Щ˾˼ҲܽŵԵģĪǼ棬лΪϵˣϵǸ򡱻᲻⣿
ƲƲǣ˸еͺͷʾǰš
ҶСڹûлӨӨ˵֮£ĸŮ·ϸûῪڣȻӨӨסҶСֲ̫ճӨӨ
һǵĸᣬǿɵòʧҶСŸ뿪ӨӨԼʱص㣬ʱٶ˵ԣĸ˼Ҵ߽ķˣλ󽫾
ķ￩һ£ס˺ܾˣϵй͢˵ţƽʱһλʲôеĪڽ񳿸ոյ֪ʵۿԼŮλ֪Ϊ
ķͷһæʵ˶ˣΧǵլӣ
ҶСֵؿķһۣĸôģö˶˵˭Χլӣ
Ǽ˵ûУλ󽫾űֻۣӣˡ
ķͷ԰ӨӨضҶСС磬󽫾ͷò磬ǺܴĹٶô
ҶС̲סЦͷͦ˵ģʵʲôٶǡר͸˵һַţΨһþÿȥٺ»
ܱΪұǿĶӣǾʵѪԵ൱Ļˣÿٺ»ΪһǧʯһƷԱԵͣɵµĻң൱һʮԪĹʡ
Ҳֹڴ˰ˣʿũһŲ˾ͻᱻʷԹҧסţûȨҲܾũֻ׳棬ҲѹҶСһĿˡ
ˣķȷ˵Ŀˣķ˶Լ˳Ըλ
üȥӭĻᣬķ˰ӨӨɿضҶС˵һ飬ҶСʱͺˡ˭֪ԼŮЩƣɫÿ֪Σջûн
߽ɫ΢Բ䣺ЩӣӻСҡ֮󣬾ȻҲӭ
뵽ӨӨܿҪΪʹҲȻˡӨӨ˻ʹҪӨӨˣֺαǿЩ
ߵͼվһλѮҵĸˣӺţֹһֻ֮վһλĹǸ¡
ֻһۣǰһ˵ʵŮȻϻࡣͲ¥˹ϱˣɵ檣ŵﶼһһ˶
ѡŮӵı׼ʵ̫ˣһȺеı̬ŮٺһȺȱȫ̫ųӡӣӷɫë̸¸ɸѡĻó˶
ͨΪϳҶΪ֪ĳʵԶǰޣֻǵݵλټϲױ˿Աǵ˶ѡ
׺۹⣬Ҳòϣλˣݾƽѹֻһ飬㹬гɫŮҲ̳ˡ
鰵̾һĿɨҶСһۣҲ㿡Σһݶװ


29 ܻ
ķ澷˲ķʵ뽫زʶ֪յţΪ
һЦǰزʶȴϤĺţķˣĳˣϲġ
ķͷ΢΢һȴ֪ϲӺ
Цӿȣ˼ĺ롢ǣӰίĳףķˣ˾ӰĽɲǴϲô
ҲӺ˲ôǺ˲𣬿ǹʲô¶ֻϲˣҲŲҪ޸ʵۣҲϲ
ķ˻û˵ӨӨŭ͵͵һҶС죬һףᣬԸϽס
ɫһʶǻʵۼ谮ŮˣѹסŭǿԼһЦݵĹڸ˵ﲻúҲ졭
ӨӨŭҵ£
¹ع£ԹŲò죡
˵һЦֱ棬Ҳûʲôһ˹ɾ͹ɭˣлϳţصĹҲˣѽھͿʼעĺá
ӣһŮȷ軵ˡ
ķ΢ЦϰˣҪǻѭ浸صӨӨϲءļҸ˼ҲͬȻ¹СŮ£СŮϲϲǾҪˣ
ɫڳôڻҪΪʹ¶ķǷͬأ
ӨӨŭҲϲ
ķ˵СŮϲҲû취ϵĺ⣬ļˣŻףļҿʲϡ
黹ѡʹҧرأΪļ»ܳû뵽˼Ҹûϡ鲻ŵǿķˣ빬ɲǴһСС𣬿ֱӷģʹڻʺˡ
ǻʺӨӨҲûǸ
ҶС˼ĸŮǰͷô˵ھǣڻʵ۵ľηҪԶԶǭصĸŮ״̬µҶС죬ǡ񻯱ҶС죬ҶСѱˣ⡢°ͳһͷ¿ӡ
ҶСһǰȥ鹰˹ֵΪӨӨѾ˼ңǸ˾ң֪ÿ깬ѡɣæڼŮΪһˣͲˡӨӨѾ£ǻʵۣҲûǿ񸾵ĵɣ
ҶС칻գ˼һʲôûȸһǿŮĴñӡһʼΪӨӨֳ֪ǻʵ۵С
ͻȻо鷳ˣ֪ý˵ôΪѣ߸ּ鿴˿ҶС죬ʵǺˣ
ҶСɫţ˾٣ҶС죡
ûôһǳְû˵أתȦʶԷһ١ץס˿Թڦ⣺ô󵨣һ٣˽ǣ֪ǿı۴
ҶС̹Ȼ콫֪Ҷĳְأ˽ǣҶĳ˵ѲҶҶ˽⸰ʿġ
ԭǸ֮٣ַһõĵطϽʵ㷸ʲôҪѺǣ𣿡
ҶСüͷһ壬ֻ֪йְڶԺ»ְ̲ɵţɹܲҶĳͷϡ
΢΢һЦ׵һڣˣ
תķˣϿҵصķˣܳΪʹļжĺôͲĳˣķס
ڵһ빬ƺίҲɲصģΪ˻ʺûĸŮҪʵ֣ίһλǰ׵ģ϶ϲɼһߡϣܺúÿһ£ôżܾĳŶ
˵΢Цķ˹˹֣һתȥ
ҪŶдӨӨ߷ߵ˵ţסҶС֣С磬ǸϽعݰɡ
ҶСߣҲߣ
ӨӨ㲻ߣҲߡ
ķ˵ɵŮСйְҪܷ˾Բ뿪ʲôõʲô£ϰųعݣ
ҶСĸ˵ǣӨӨȻȥ
ӨӨݻһǴ£лʵģһȥô
ҶСҡͷӡʵȻ߸ϣǺܶΪΪԱ⣻ȢҪ͢͢Ӱ죻һ˹ţҪ˶ͷԣֻҪ˹ݣƤӵ£⣬ҪѰٱ
ӨӨص˼Ҳſ㣬͡
ҶСȤҪȥҳʵ۹ؽǿɾһҲˡ
ӨӨԥһ£Ų鲻ԸصͷǺðɣģߡҿɲҪغҪͭʵ㣬

ҪûϵõĹýҶС죡
߳ĸʱ뵽ĵһͷ
Ů˰ǲģ⽫Ϊ׸ʵ۵ϰֻҪҶС죬˵Ĺ֮»Ը빬Ը⣬ٰƽļҲ׵öࡣ
ҪνҶСأ
ɱˣǲǻҡٻʿϰ˼άôķɱ̫ˡҪ˵ڴǿǹԱĵӣ˵ǰ»ʵۣǿǾ˽֪޷졣ɾôһ޷ĻʵۣϲһŮҲǷѾһģôأ£
ȣ»ʵɴ̫ҵŮ׸磬߹ٺ»һͨŵͨΪŮĸѾ縸
Ȼһ׹ݵϴҵãŮһ㣬һȰ˵ǿǸ߸ϵĻʵۣ˵Ŷʮ꣬˧ŮҲġ
ҵ÷ӲʩգĺôĶƱ˵ͣȢдһֽ顣
Ůֽ飬ԸԳظ»ʵָۣʹĸ߹٣Ϊ޹ˣȻܵӵĳ뱦ȴʼҲûݣ»ʵ۲øΪٹٲԸ⡣
ӨӨȻδޣȴ˼ңһȥĿʵһľɱ˲ƽϰ¶ģһйܴ̫ߣǸô죿ȻҶСݻ飡
黹֪ҶСӨӨû»飬ҶС춼ӨӨô˵ˣӨӨĸ׸ûзϣ鿴ҶСԵȻġ
ҶСǴ֮ô
¶һ˿ЦƺԴء
ҶС쾿ʲôжصĺܷԴвò鲢ްգҪ˽ҶСĵϸǻףǲܵ˾ȥġ
һңܵ˾ȥһٵ£ҶС컹û鷳ҪһɧˡһҴһԱʲô
ٺǶӪǺұٺһˡֲܾʹ˻ظʵۣʵûʵԼȥǻҪã
Ҫ£һĹϵͳȫմߵˣ˻֪ҶСĵϸֻб´õ飬ҵ˽ָʹ޹


30 
콫ţ˾ٵʲô
޹飬ɫЩɡ
ĹԻʵ۵ļ໤ԾӣһҺ̫࣬ͷ·𿴵˴۹Ȩļ鳼佫ǵ̬Ⱦͺõö࣬ΪҲĹӣЩͬ
޹Ϊָʹֱڻʵ۵ͷӣ͸ӲͬˡԶ鵹ų⡣ҲֹڴˣλңҲ̸Ϲ
Ѳʱķ⣬䣬ʵǵˡȷһƷʷѲõطֻĳλƷԱ˴ٻʡף·ĳλүķλүŶ͵üβ
һλʡ׵ɿĶ˳ۣһൽǶҪùʷû׼Ĺܼҡֱץ죬档
ڵص֪Ѳȵط٣ǶԷм֮ģһͬҵϷ˵ƲУ̫ܵʦϷ쮵£Ǿɷġ
Ȼλ̫ʦʵҲʵˡʮ꽭ɽŵʱܷΪ̫ʦĴֻһǾž⻹ؿʱ뷷ġ
ˣ͸Ҫ˵ˣ޹ͷǰ޴ڸУ޹Ҳֻǿ̫ӶķݶϣŶ֡
Ҳ֪ԼǷЦǻϵĹ֮ĸҪĳҲ㡣ĳҪˣϴиϵ
λͷֻܰʵѻʵ۰ĽӨӨίףĹѾ˵¶޹˵һ顣
˵գЦţҲ֪ĳʱݶ飬ԻϵǺ˽ġĳδ϶һŮģɼ֮
ӵӦΪϷǰȻáֻĹѾ˻ԼȴǸ鷳ҪҶСԼŽԴϲѽ
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˳ظȥ߸һߣ޹ͽ˸±һʱ󣬻˱۵޹ҲҴҵسţֱ

һλ˾֮ŮΪֱӾһʹķţ
ǺŭĿԲͷ·һƣ֣ʵۼ໤ˡ
صʵ۾֮У֪ϼһòŮģ
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ݣܹݣľĿǰǣ˾ͼСŮһ빬ֳϲ֮񣬺룡
޹ظ˸үˣĹ֮ԲԸ빬ΪѾˣĸֹڳ谮ŮԸΪ׵Ļᡣ
һš
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޹ۡһڲ˳ȥЦõصţǡ¹ǰܸˡ
鲻õص˭αӡ콲
ҶС죡
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޹ͷϲģҶСǡֱʾʦ£ҶСԼ
дʼ棬ȫˣ
ٶİ𣺡Ů˾֮Ů˾һŮΪ˴ɣο˼лԼȡᣬΪϷϻһѣӣ

ʵ۴ʱڲμӾۣ۾ټѧĴ󳼣Ϊ۾ʷѧʶǰϯ̫̫ͬӻʵϿβͬʵ۱мȿҲʣԷԼĿеֻ˼
յľ׸ʱ֣ƳɳκʵѾˣһֵۣۡʷ̨ʷǿӵؽһκĹޣʵ΢΢һЦЩΪȻ
ʷգʵЦתף׸ʱʵΪκΣ
ʱкԹǵĹϵܲãǳá׸ʱдһõľ棬Թǲžʱһֻܵ裬˫ĹϵӦ൱Ŷԡ
Թ˻Ȩ󣬵һ¾ž㣬ʱȻžЩطͬܵ˵ͬһӪžĸ
ԹҪڦž¶ƲľҲӴˡʱзųһȺ̵ô׸̨ĹϵǰͿʼ񻯣ʱ޿Ӧս˫Ƿչͬˮĵز
Թǵ䣬Զڽ֣ʱв鲻ԸһԴͣѯʱв΢΢һ
˹һۣȻмԸΪЩԹٵĿǶʷѸǹ۶κȴҲ˵κǿɣһλͳ
΢΢һЦź룬¶ɫܴζֿһϵĴһ¡
һЦκ̷ܣ֮ɣٺ̷̫ڣ³һ˹ռūˣʲôߣ
ǵɫúѿκԹٱԵκһʵôҪκͿֱ׳Ҫʵ̫ڣȻǸɡֻ̫Ҫǵɡͺáڻʵ۱κʲô˼
ǰϣκΪ٣ϲʱ²ȨвݣⲻΪ󵳣ԷʱĽڣͼλң˳䷶
ʵݸһЦȺ̷вԷʱĽһ٣Ϊߣؽ壬˳Ʋ̫ڣв֣߱ҷҲȡ
ǻȻصӽ𣬾۲Ҫˣֻǡɡ
ʱдп⣬ǰһּ
ʱ׸ǽյľ֣ô̬¾͵ͨˡ
Żʵȥııʱм˼ţϴ˾پϵ⣬ĪǴԹϵͳô̫ɱʷǣпɺмλ̫ͽĺܡѹ̨ɹǵ棬ҵһûᣬɳô˻֣ѵһ
ҲеЩԾֻǵضκƷΪ˲⣬ǱָϾô̲һ䣬ȡˡҪʵڲ¶Ȳ͸
󹬵ʵۣ¶һ˿Ц⡣žԹָž·רᣬϴõģǡ
ѾϴĲˣԹְìͷ׼˻ʵۣӿʼоˡԹ٣Ҵ££ֻҪ㿴ߣͿ
ԻǽнɣʵʲôݵĻԽȫʵۣΪֻһұ޷ֺţǽΪʵۡʵ۵˺ȥˡ
ոչ֪жԹҪڶԹƥֵҰǸϽͷʱˡǣʵ׸ʱкԹ֮ìܡ
ⳡֹۣģĿҲģΪľһ̣˼ڸ̨֮ìܣΪյĲöˣԽ硣
ֻǣڵҲû뵽ֻȢƯϱѣȴͱĹǵѡ


31 δط
Ǻҵͨ˾ͨڻԣ޹ֶԵڻ˵һ飬߷Ȼʵг֮Ϊߣǿ񸾵ĵҵӦȰɣ
ڻԸ˫ڷȦǺ΢΢һЦվʱһ顣Ǵ˻֪ɣ
Ǻɻصʲô飿
ڻ԰ʵ۶κ̫ڵ۶Ǻѧ˵һ飬ЦʵΪϽǶ̫ںκƷСΪǱĿģ
鼶ĹԱûһ׳գǺıͬ־ȰӣڻȴͻȻƲɵ£Ǿ֤߼ϵ
Ǻһ룬Ȼ˵Թ룬ʷ̨ʷԱþУΨһİ취Ǵﱻʵ۵ô
ڻ΢ЦһǾҪһԶĻϻͷҶСúˣɾһõ
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ڻԼҶС¸ЩΨ²ҵʷǣҶСͻʷǶԸϵǿڵˣ
Ǻ΢΢ƤȻЩʹԹǣҲ˳еǿڵ
ڻ΢Ц̫ˣЩǺõģ²֪ء³ç嶯֪󳼣ǾͲˡԴ̫Ϸâ¶־֪裬˷֮¸ǷȵԴϽһưˮǻ£
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ڻԵڻûг֣еʲô紵ݶϼʱ֣Ǿ𲻵ȰѵˣԣӦð
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ڻԵȻϳ֣
ǺĵȻϷ
ڻԵʱʷǲӦ֪¡
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޹Ϣ˽ţΪʲô¶ˣ˭ϵĸһţ޹˰Ρ
̬ȾȻһٰʮȵĴת䣬ǺĸϰҶСĵϸгκӻҪʱ԰⣬ٳɻҶҶСĵȺ
޹Ǵͷӣݺ͵ֶαĻҪףͨ¼ԭίˣԼһ룬⡣
޹ҡҡͷ˲ȸں󰡣
޹ͬһҳҳ˼άǣΪ㲻ԵģǾ㲻ԣһУΪãҩڣҿҲ࡭
ԣʵۿˡ
޹⣬齲̽ϢԴϲҶСأΪвȴȻ
ҶСɱˣһɱĸ˾ôжȫڻʵһ֮䣬ϾҶСУҲڣ£ʵһشӰˡ
ҶСҶϼУȫǿõĳ룬ҶС첻ϾͷЦ֣л޹عȥҲ
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ʵȦһ죬Ϊ̳ߡزĴ۹CEOʵó绽ܣһûĺӡ
ĹҲǲϣּǰĸʱĹķ˵ԸĹΪΪʹ־ϲġ
ֻǡĹѾףʱδĹһŮңֺ˼Ѿ˻Լĺ˼˵ʲôֻΥľܾˡ
ľɽƵģһ´ӹȵԾ۷壬¡һִ۷˹ȵףĹ־ϲʱҲ־ϲ˵δֿʼˡ
Ѿôһƨɵϣ˪ӣ˶ˡ
͵͵˻ʵһۣаԵ⡣ǹ˵һذģôľϲôǵĲ֮
רӶѵġɡʵ۴ͷɥ΢΢һЦֵϲʧĹȻףǷԸףⲻӭж𣿡
־ϲæ̧ͷӨӨķ˭Ըף
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ʵŭĿԲ飬ϷŪô
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ʵüԼе죬ʵɫæ͵ԭǸ٣Ϊ̻йɽоɽܵϰ뷷ΪϮ٣أȥ볯ݹġ
ᡰһڼɫѿص
Ǵˣڹ󰸣Ϊɱ߹Ϊ˾ѲҶܲרѽ⸰ǣҪɻԲöϣϡ
ǰһѹҶСȫڻһ֮䣬⡭ǻϵĴûô
˫һҶС췸ӣѱ⸰ǣ
ˣҶ̨౾Ѿתͨ˾һͻתǰ
š
֣ڽ˲ӣҶС췸ǹ£Ҫ飬˽£ӦӦüٹ˽أܵĽʹЩԥһ뵽ӨӨĿɰ
¶˾ģȻվס˽ŲԸǰ̫ӣȥͨ˾һûйѲ౾Уת˾࣬ҪϿ
ּϴҴȥҶСڹݣΪɱˣ֪
ϽѾˡϰϢʵѧ˵һ飬ʱʵˣʱûҪͼӴףʵ۾ԴΪԸҶСֶΣʵԻ׸ôùηǵĻӰʵ۵жϡ
ԭˣ
ˣɲصȷúܣ˵ҶСǾôҶС춼ǴҪ˵ҶСЩϰ˸ĴǴҲվԣΪҶСΪʵǷϳ͢ġȻˣδҶСòòأ
ԥ


32 Լý
ʵۼȻԹʣͨ˾ȻõϾͰҶܵ͵˾ࡣ
õҶܵ£ϸһҶܰҶСΪԼɴ˽Ӱ죬ϸдϣʵ۶Դ²߸߾£ΪҶС˶Գ͢вҪá
ȻʵѾҶСΪõӨӨϰлΪѣϣȻ⣬ԸӢһҶС죬Ҳɻ֮ȻΪ˷ŹҶС졣
Ҷֻܵ࣬ǵһЦԸӵ糯ڸ˾¡
糯ѱϣӰڸڸԼԺº̲ĹԱˮطԸӣҶѲ
չҶܵ£ʵոҶСżҡҡչԼܼҽԹľûҶܵķжϣʵ۱صһȵ죡ΪҶСõ
һʵմŭ֪ΪȻšܡչļȣҶС˽̣Ŀͽ䡣վְЧȣ
ʵصغһת̲Ҷ³ʵҶΪΣ
Ҷ³һƻϵɫĻشʵ۲⣬ϴΪȥϮ֮λΪ񣡡
ʵɲ⣬ɨһ۹ǣʵΪΣ
һº󣬹Ǳ÷ǳõشΪӦϮ˾ְ֮ǧΪ䣬˷ɱȫ͢桢˾
ʵ˿ɨʱеһۣʵڸΪΣ
ʱԲشɷ֮£˾֮ϳ๣
ˣ˾֮ҶС

һ죬ҶСϴؽΡһżСĵطֻˣֻǰ棬档
ŴˣѺηεصҶͷ
ҶС쵱ͷʱֵܣһ꣬ѾһżͷҲ˸ͷҶС˷٣Ѻ⣬԰䡣
ҶСЦЦ޷̹Ȼ߽η
ηηҪɾһЩڿη࣬ηҲ࣬ηڿտҲֻпǽһŲݵӣһµġ
ҶСĵһЦֵλֵˣ
˴֣ΪصͷֵܡֵģҲǾͷס̹ЩʵҲﲻʲôֵܣͷĪ֡
ҶСôᣬǻֵܣҾͺܿˡ
ͷЪţȥŪվƺͷ⣬ͷҶСЦŵ˵ͷŵš
ҶСߵݵԣݵһɣͷ˫ۣƵ³һδʱҶСԤϵԼ˷²ˣȻ
ҶС۾ĬĬ촰⡣ÿξΣʱ뵽취δѣһΡް취ֻӲס
ӵеھȫɲóҲھǣټһǣʶسʵٵÿֻһɡԵµ߻ܴӦæԸʵۡ
ҶСһЦ
ʵҶСҲ޼ƿʩҪܻЩ취ġԸʵЧİ취۴ƣһж˶ȫôǶԻʵȴЧһа˺Ͼǡ
һ͵ӨӨͷ¶桢֣ļҲҪΪ˱ˮһζͷǹˣǻʵ۱ˣҶС첢ûʮİա
ļ˶ΪжǧһӨӨ׾ǧ谮һļұ̫ãȫһûоκηĽҶС첻嵽˼ϣҲ̫ӨӨΪڷǱɡ
ˣԭһУȴһɵʷ˹ƹ٣ɾһϮ٣ʲô⸻󶼳ˡʧȥʲô˲𣬺οӻһߵݣǿǻʵҲ˵ģٺ٣

ˣ׼ˣĸҶķһмⲽķֹһԵĸʵС׼ˣ
´СѾȥˣСȥ
ķ˵ˣȥơķ˼ϵӨӨסһѾӷгһķæͣʩķ˵Сװˣ
ѾūҪˣСִⲻ뾩ӿȰá
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ķһΪż߽ӨӨңͼѾڿȰӨӨһӵĳĹĵǶһԲ
ķ˳ӨӨô׼ֻ¾벻˾
ӨӨһĸˣվС˴Σϣһ֮
ķ˶Ϳ½ھ޲ֻøӲԤϣЩ뿪ǣ˵ܻΪġ
ӨӨ˵˵һߣʵһŭ֮¾ͻɱС硣
ķŭھкã
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ӨӨصŮǺ֣ŮģС󣬼˶šңҴûԹࡢûܹҲûʲô¡
Ůһ˫Ҳһһ˵ĺ书ŮûʲôãһֱûʲôãԣСϲңҺÿģڣСΣգŮһ֮ŮһǴΪȴ޷ˣ
ķ˼ӨӨ
ӨӨŮδʲôǵһΣײҪֹң
ķ˵Ҫʲô
ӨӨȻҪҵķӾС
ķ˶Ѿͷʲôð취
ӨӨûлش𣬶ǰȻشķǰ˳ȥķ˼׷ӨӨȥһֱ׷ſڣͼӨӨ׼ԶеĳӣԸһǳ㼲۶ȥ
ڶǣ⣬׼С㷵صȻˣ޴롣ķ˼ʵСȥ
ͳС㲻ϻعС˷СԸѳҪȥݣСҪҪȥ
Ըʰװ׼زԭǲԭϵʵͳߣǲܾóģѱϣʵּ׼շزԭ
ӵæµţӨӨظһǳϲǰסӨӨ֣ĵصСӣزԭ𣿡
ӨӨ֣صص㣬ھٶ졣
ôЦ뿪ȥԭͺԭϵķɽˮǴͬġ
ӨӨȻ㣬ӨӨһ£
Ӻˬصͽʲô˵ʲô£ֻҪõһӦ㣡
ӨӨһһ䣬ޱص㣬ΪӨӨýˣ


33 پƷ
˺ܾãֱӨӨĹ£ӲһĿ⿴ʹɲͬͨĹŮݣǾǽڻʺĴڣ治뵱
ӨӨһֱֵĿ⿴ֲˣΪʲôŵ٣
ӽ͵ʹǹ٣ʤƹ١ʹǡǡ
ӨӨǻϵŮˣ
ӵ԰
ӨӨˣΪʲôҪʵ۵ŮˣֻԼϲˡŮѵӦü޸𣿡
޷⣬ȴҲ޷ش⣬ÿŮһܻһˣǲһҪ޸ˣܶʱ򲢲
룬׿⣬ֵǣʵǸȨƵˣȨƵˣȻϲ㣬㲻Ůˣļܴ
ӨӨֵЦҵĸ֣˽⡣Ҳϸ˻ʵۣʵֺСĻܻҵļЩõķӣǲù
Ҫǲ鲻Ը˻ʵ۵Ůˣҵ̫ĸҵүүүүǣҵҵ常ǣҺööĸֵǣǶ᲻֣Ů˶ˣǻú߳ܣ
ӨӨͷ룬ЦСҲһӲģô˵Υĵظ˻ʵۣǾǣǺǣģʲô˼
ӴؿӨӨڷȰ˵˼ȫһϣȰ˵
ǲԭϵŮʵ۶ҺӵĲԭ֮ǽȴʵѷһһǿͳߣӨӨһô򵥡ô档
ǰ̹޸̹Ǹ³ҰĿǳµĳӻ̨ڼǰ޸˻ּ̨޸˻̨Ķӡ
ǲԭϵİеĲ䶼ҪϢҪϢЩǿ䣬ҲΪΪƾһϲԴ
ЩӵлƽѪĲ죬ͲĳһлᣬǾʹıƷͳΣԶԣƤһû˺ƣҪίߡ
úࡢƣҲü򵥵ܡ
̾Ϣһſ˫չֵͦǹ˵ֱۣػסӨӨһĸƵģḧ˳˿ͷСӵմȾ̫ͬŮˣǰȴҪԲλ࣬Ľ㡭
ӨӨƶǶûһһ
ſӨӨ֣صصͷɣΪ㣬£ýˣô

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鲻ҶС죬ҵݣҲ̲εšһףʵô硣
˴ĹټϰԵذҵɽڻ¹ٵļ鳼һֱ֮⣬ǵǻʵۣҲǲɡ
һ˰δʹԶݣͱ˽Թ˳𣬶ȥ˰δʹһ룬ֻҪ˻ᣬ˰δʹͻ
ɻʵۡҪ˵ǻˣʵ۵ӡŮδگҲлˣ˫ϵĻʵĳдǣôڣĻʵ۴С棿
ңҪȻǱ˻ʵ۵־Ͼù⣬ʵݣǮ·
ҡҡͷλϸ磬ҶСǻʵּðģ˽ɲᰡ
΢΢һЦһӳϡǮʹĥͲͷġ
ԥһ£һ˷֣ĳĲʹɾҪˡ
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˿ڰһϷƵģԪӰվһʱ䣬һҪ׼ʱ뿪
ϲ΢ͺżĶ⣺һһ
鱻˴ΣһԪֳϡҶͷͷԸ˭ֻҪģͿԷŽ
ҶСƾΪǷϳ͢ģͲ֣֮гļ˾岻Ͽߣ͢ʩѹҲǱĹ٣ְλ
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ղеĽ䣬ǡǧηȻγһ׹أҪķˣҲǵְȨΧա
ҶСȻôԸˣﵱȻΪϰһԾͲҶͷµˣлˮҲŹëľǸҶСѧء

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﻽һҿܶأη͵͵˶ӸͷھվúԶǳһ˳̸ġ
ҶС췭ü΢΢һ
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ҶС켥ڽصҶĳ𣿡
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ҶСһЦô´ξأǲҪҰİŮ׸ϣȡûϣϾһˣ
ɫҶ˴Բӣ֮ΪϹ˽ô˽Ϲôٹ˽ֻ֮ϳ㣬ΪĿĿ޳͢Ŀ޾ϣһЩ£ûײʲôԻ϶ǹ˳ġҳϵģǺǡ
ĨĨֺ΢ЦŻǻ̧֣ᷢġ
ҶСŽ֮صߵǰһĨζôҪôϱҵĹ˳ҳأͽ̣
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ҶСЦ滰ãҾͺ˵滰滰ֻһ֣
Ȼ˵
ҶСŭ飬

ηھþûصηķ˾׷վνţͼͷգŲٵȥ
ĸӨӨſ˫ۣʮСڸģӨӨǰ÷ģˣϺõĺ˿Уѡſʽɫ
ķվһߣüؿŮ֪Ůִţأܲˡ
һϲ÷ѡ˲Ͼͺã񡢴Сߡϼ緵ȣƽ͹ٻǲͬٻƷͬҲǲͬģ֪λйְйְپӼƷ
ӨӨЦģѽپƷ


34 
ҶС첻Ӧ
ŵʵӦҪˣʲôģעʧȥĶΪʲôҪ֣˳ˮʲôã
һЦ޷ش¶õ˵ͨĻô˵ͨ˼ҼѶ»ǻʵۣٴ˼ҵ⣿
ʵ˼ȻվסŲȻ빬Ҫ
鼱æȰʹãϲֻΪɱλ˾δΣ˵ͨһԿʵ¡
ؿõصȻأѵ㻹ߣ
⡭
˺һײˡǾһȰʵֲԥɼ䣬ſӰһ첮ٿһ˽첮߲һ򣬼еӦü
첮İ²ѾЩʧʥ裬ǰߵȨûȡлڻʵ߻ƣվѾ˺ܾã̲סˡ
һЩûصʲôˣ
첮Ķ׵ūûƣūΪʥ嫣޲ȻҶС챾һоƥżȻҽˣһգҲȻף
ĺܲˣ˵λ̫뵱Ȼ˰ɣҾǴʥȥȴԥؾܾˡ
첮ĵǲͬģʮʱ͸ҵɱˣ졣̫ӵɱҲԥͬˡһսսɫ֡ۿӺͼʹߣǽȻͬġ
˸¶˾ģּҶС빬ݣ
鵽ߵĻ˻ȥ첮Ĵ΢¶֮ɫ׵ūּ
첮ĳǬ幬һƬ΢΢һЦҶСôõĶ֣ҶС¿Ƣ첮֪һҶСеĵߣҲ¡ݶŭӣǻôأ
ⲻڹǬ幬ǰЦѾȲ뿴ҶС촦ˡ
ҶС챻ϳն׵ʱһվҶСǰԼĿ֪Լϣ

ҶС챻ѺųšվſڶҶС챻ѺѺԶȥ
̾Ҷͷⰸֻ᲻ˡ
˵ͷʵϳͣΪ˻ʵ۵Ůˡ
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ͬʱ̾һҡͷ

ĸ棬ӨӨϼعķǰķۺᣬ״ЩŮޣֳһƬ룬ȴ˿ϲ
ŮȥҶӴ˲̷ϥ¡ܱ֮ŮТŮһݣӨӨߵͷȥǰҡΣˮ
ķʵصŮһδˣҲ˵ȥŤͷȥ¡ӨӨһݣӯӯģؿĸףȻһҧȻתȥ

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Цһãžȥڰɣۼҵ뿴ڵʲôزӷһﳤȥ
ֱĿǰΪֹĲġ̫̾ǰͽϻʵۡʺܳĻԶͶ̺̫ӡ̫ҪڹվȽŸֻӵĶ裬ԼĴ
⴫У̫̫ϵϵϵӲʮͷոհͽǸɶʵֻС룬Ҳиɶӣϵ
ϱҲиɵȻѾǡ˾Ӷߡ̫࣬ڹۺӣͿγһɹԸʲôˣڻǰҩϽʲô¶ʱǸϺȣ׾Ϳⵥʧȥʥ衣
첮ľһˣ޸ɵ޸ɶûԳһɵӸûΪвֻ´ԶԻʵдã˳֣첮ĲصѾԵļޣ̫ǰŮˣһֺܼǳ첮ıˣǡ첮ĶԴ˻һ֪ŲӣеصҶСĵ
ҶС챻ˣǬһ˵첮ĴϲϽһ̶رǬ幬ϣҶС첮ǿ˷ܵسǬ幬ʵ˵
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ע⵽ڳæڰֵһرܡ
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һǶԽԽôԼ˲ͣȡӹȻкôɵĹٺأ˵ʧɱʹùġ
ʱһ˵رܣ»ϽӦһŵĨ֮ͣҲ
ҶСϴرǬ幬첮û¶棬ȻܹҶСʵ۽Ḷ́ıҶСϳҶСڻʵǰ˵Ƕ˽Թľ»ʵۻ侲ǾŪɳ׾ˡ
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ʵ۸ʣؿһ۹ǰҶС죬Ը£ʵְ˰֣̺ڵڵ̫ࡢҲ׷¡
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ҶС컺̧ͷʥΪţ˾٣ɽķ˾ż۾ϣӳ͢ߣǳ
ӭθ̨˴ɱɥ¶ߣǳ
ʱ̨δ̨羸ţΪԱֻ÷𷴻ɱߣӳ͢ɱ󳼡𶯵ҳӣΪȻ޹಻ʧ
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35 Ҳ
ʷͺɲɵľţÿһ¼ױӨӨڹǰһ˿ԥûУϾᵽζȮ˹
ǸְܾԹ٣ÿ²Ҽ˵Ĳд౾;Լʧְ̬оһЩ˾λţÿ겻㼸ο顢ιۡѧϰȵĵĻ׵ʱܽᶼûдԼһƿɳ¡
ʷǡҵһ׮Ե飬ҪڸݱӡΪʷȨͨ˾ֱġ
˼꣬Ը˼˵ǳЩѣǶƶ˵ȴһѣΪܶƶªΪ豩ˡ
Ķǳ䣬ݶǽڶ뽨ĺܺأһˣΪⳡ꣬Щƶձˣƶʧ١
ʵ۵֪Ϣּ˳츮ȫ֣ƶÿ˷嶷Ǯѹÿһʯһÿ߶Ǯı׼á
־ȼˮ̣ʹЩ˳츮Сû֣Щôң˾ﳤҲЧ˼Ҿ׵ľ·ɼҾʲôģȿԼѡãʣµĲŷָƶ
˵ºΪϲҹдһ౾׼鵯ھĸС̰īĸ˾ٹ˽ǲģʵ˵¾ǼҲ
Ҳطǵȥ΢˽ãȫ֤֤Ȼ˵˾ͿԸ档Ҳ棬˳츮ͺˣ˳츮ʲôСС˾ﳤأгɾ͸С
ʷֻǵ;˵ʵϲҲûϵʷʷԷ£ڼٹٵʷϵͳһǳ̻ġ
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ͻһӨӨת֮绨ΪڵиԽϼΪӨӨɫ٣էȻһؾһѡ
ʱӨӨϴһϮļ޷޷ð׽ߡƽ߼ʯɴԧͼͷϴŷڣһԶĵսٱ
Ʒ˫ȸƽӧϼϣȸҪƵģ峺۾üĽë͸Ƥ˫õ廨Ρ
νɫҲǡӨӨ̫Ưϴμһ棬һһ۾ϳˣⲻϴηشҪĸ׵ǸŮ
ƾʷְҵУʶбй¡۽ԵһͬмɽʷأһվӨӨǰʱյվס
ԵõһЦʵΪһڹ֮⣬Ը߱ԩٿΪ
ӨӨ˿ֱʵʵĹٶ𣿡
ͱʵһͷԼϵɫۣһʱЩ֪
ӨӨ˵ĴٶǴۡ۵ģСٲŴۣۡٶ̫СǾ͹ܲҵ£ǲҪˣţܻдٶģ
ĿЦãӨӨ潿ȴһҲᡣĴ֪ٵĹְȷߣֻƷٶѡ
ӨӨһʧҡҡͷǷƷ٣ʵݺˣƷﲻҵģҲ뺦㣬㻹ǿ߰ɡ
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һ˫С۾ʱĳȹâ˼ؼĹؼʣƷ١ʵۡݺʷĴ˰ӡ
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ʷ⣺֪ЩɲǹٶܹܣٶСͲܹܵġǡǡ෴Щ¶ٶٴҲܲˣƷȵ͵СٲȨܣ
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ͦţɫͣʷȻڿֻƷɾһƷԱ׹ݡѫٹв֮£Ҳܹܣ
ӨӨĻûв׽ԼǸؼʣŵʵҪǻʵ۷˲֮أҲܹ𣿡

ЦﻰѿڶϷֹܹܣ䡢׹ݡѫٹϡϳʿ˭ܹܰ
ʲôȫǰҲһڣˢѴBOSSұBOSSĴBOSSҲѪ˵ɱԶء
Ϳû˼˵ӨӨ㿴ˣһͿԴҲȻԼôһ˵û׼ҪȥҴٶԩˢһʷְ
ЦһɫٵȻܹܣԹ٣ʷɵľǾʵٹٹʧ飬ʲôԩܵ
ӨӨɻص죿
ʵǲ˼ֻǲ̫ȨʲôزܲûʵջسͼɫȴЩˣΪ٣˼Ͻô׻һ飺ֹ٣רŸʵۺͰٹҲұŤģ

ޡϲӨӨӨӨȴѺ㶩˻顣ϣףɱķ˾£޿Ա£
ڣ¸ҵ˵Լ˵ⷬʱϻģⷬ˵ȴͻȻһɣ·ѹڼϵһɽڱῪˡ
ҶСֱӣѲֻһμʵۣûһôľ룬ֱǰ˵ģЩİЩϤҶСȴ˼־η
Щ£ԲáЩ£ȴΪһ˾Բòĵޣ¶ԷǻʵۣȻòֺαصͷ
ҶСӭŻʵ۵Ŀ⣬˵ܾ
ͻȻ͵üѪ졣
ҶСԼŮǲܳģǳֵıݣ˵ıݶóӱҲͲϡˣ˵ǲǣ
ЩˣΪ㣬·ЩˣΪҵǰ̡»һӦ׷ıݣȫԷǲҶС죬һˣ
ʵս˫ȭŭָҶСıӵ㲻Ҫˣ˭ٻ޴ţ˾Ϯһְ㹻ʸļҽף
ֻҪͿԼӵһУŮȡ޵һء⡭ѵֵ㽻һŮˣ
Ůӣҿȡ󣬵ӨӨֻһϵ£ҲҲڶһŮӣٻĻλϣŵĽҫǳ裡
ҶС쿴ʵۣӵĶӣ֪ǳӣӵӣ֪ǳ󳼶֪ôˣʶҲǵóҪΪһǵңҲ֪˭ˣԼŮˣЦ
ʵȵ޵ޣֻһ仰㣬ҪһעʧȥŮˣҪҪĸٻ
ҶС˶ͦ˫ֽ߬͡󵨵ĿһһٵصҲֻʻһ仰ҪһעĽŮ˺ҪͰɽ


36 սϽ
ʵ۱ҶСĻŭˣɫŤԵЩҶС죬޵㻹ҳԣѵ㻹ıɣ
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ҶСƽؽһ䣬漴һתǣӦüǵãɽЩգδõ㹻Ľ̻лûг͢ûлϣڳҲֻǸǵİԲŷӳΪǳͭ͢ʸƹ١ԣˣȷţһΪ˳ҸͶ𣡡
ЦΪ㣿ΪӵһӵеŮ޴ȥǾͻΪ㲻ϧսѻʯ
ҶСעǵģԻʳҪȨҪһŮˣԸ߻ϣҪΪһŮһսⳡսת˲𣬻Ҳ⵽ȫ˵ΪһŮ˲ϧʯͷȴһ飡ҡ
ҶС콾ͦţңܵȫ˵Ϊÿһ˶һôˣΪһŮ˲ϧͬΪУ
ҶСȵǰ̤һµ͡ﬡһ죬ҶСԸȫ΢ô
ʵ׻ϡͬ˲ͬͬ£˾ǻ˾Ӣۡ
ҶСĻһֵһҶС˵Ļһʵ֡
ҶС˵һĲ»ҸͶҲûмֻɡʵϲҶС죬ǭش󲿷˾ҸͶ񶼻ǵ
Щ˾ľηԶԶǶԳ͢ľηֺ͢αضǭ˾ȡ羸֮ߣг͢ģֻɱǰաپͺˣЩ˾ӵ׷档
һ˲䣬ȻһᱯǿҸܣĽҶС졣ǻʵۣԶҶСңڡҶС컻ҲܺúõΪԼһء
ǣɵԼһʱ䣬г޾ƣᡢΡ飬С񣬶Լ񣬶Իʵݵ

ǹ˾ŮҵĸܷΪگҸ׸лδӵǷؼּ⣬һֱҲû롭
ӨӨεʷ˵ţգҵĸûдӹһλ˵ҵĸزΪĸ׵Ĳ顭
ӨӨ죬ʷĿߣӸһǡзˡԴ˵Ȼ£˿ӨӨһ˵ӡգ֪ӨӨԲ顣
һʱ䣬Ѹֱʷ˸ͨ졣λʷβ׷ûʲôڸĵطǸֱˣΪϵĳӣϸɳôû޵ݡ
ӨӨ˵ţһգСͻȻھǣ˵ʥּɽɽȴ⵽ķ˾żǶô̿ͣҪɱС硣
СΣ𷴻ɱ뺦Ļ˾̨˾¹ش԰ݽʵԲöϡǡûʵһʲôҼףСһڻؾ
С˵ǱȷЩ˾ӳ͢ȣ͢ϳֻܰġ˭Сܾ˻ʵý˵ĵڶ죬һȺСץˡ
ӨӨ˵ӯޣʷһһ̧ĳ嶯ӨӨһźɫзĻ飬ݸ͵Ҳٶ㿴˼ҺСĻ飡
͸ϽӹӨӨ˼ȻϱԭŮӶҲһŮʶĵҶңټң
˼Ҳֻ֪ҪӦ˻ʵۣСƽ˼ԸСһͬȥҲԻڵ¡գӨӨǰ־
ӨӨ˵ţϷƵĴһڶ̵׼ԼĿڣصɱˣСһ˼ҲһȪ·ϵС磬һԹްɣ
ڿ飬ý˾ȻɹӣһߵøˡԭȥˣǡԵ購ǳͣѰĻô죿һ¡
ߵţӨӨһذף׼ĿڣһſǷͬСɡӨӨҪˣȻĿɣȻ¶Ҳ޿ˡ
һץסӨӨ󣬾еããΪܱǷƽǧҪѰ̼
ӨӨǸĻĹԼıһĶ̸ϣ˷˵¾ųɾģټһС׽Ūү桢岮ֵʱ͵ı죬ǰٵıݾȻʷ˸Ųɡ
Ϊʵ۸ԲӨӨӨӨһˣΪ˱ƶŮ˼ˣ˼ŮˣͳˣΪʷҲʧְ
ͽץӨӨ󣬰Ѽ⵶ץĿڣɫ˵ﲻؾˣĳڣһܱƽ
ӨӨصش󣬻ܰﵽ𣿡
ܣ
նشһ䣬߬ӨӨʷ̨ڲԶ
ʱѾں֪ͬˣ׳ߣעʷֻǻ֪ͬʲôһƱ׳һ֣ҪԹֹ֮ʵĵ·Զ
ӨӨҴҶߣԱ߻һ۰Ͱ͵ضɽʷءʷһֱվԶţۼλŮʱߣʱףʷʱŭ棬ʱֻ࣬ؼץ
¼Ȼͳһѵʷʲô£ļ١ΪʷĽڲٻеģʡ⡱˼ʷѾӵˣô˼Ƥȥɡ
ۿӨӨҴȥʷֻȻ׷׷ȥƲأͬǼʷѮˣ͵ǰֻСֱô˼
ʷԥ䣬ԱߺȻ˺ٺһЦϵʲôţ
ʷŤͷһʶˣͨ˾ͨڻԣ˵ͬʿȻϤ˵;֮·չͬڵڻΪͨ˾ͨѾپƷǸƷ٣ҪȨƵλܻй֮
Ʒ٣ôҲмλʷȫһһһʮˣǿʵȨաȨְԱԹ١
ԣڻλͬʷҲд󣬻ǵһϵϵɲָˣǶԼʷơΪϵͳȫΪʮÿмʷԳΪ
˵ʷһʺá⡱æûôûôϴôţ
ڻЦмҪ£ǵĳ͵׵ڻ˵ţź룬ԶֻһɫӰӨӨ̾λﵹҲ˵ãżױǰ־
ʷһæʵôϴ֪λΪżױ֮⣿
ڻԵ֪һλѽڻԼ˵Ķʷ˵һ飬ֵĳҪͲˡϵơ
ڻ˵ձȥıӰԭˣԭˣ
ͷΪǰ㼤ˡʷΪˢڵĹԱҪˢʵִBOSSлᵣ֣ǻҲǿġ
һʷۿҪϻˣҲûôõĻءӡӣʷ˽սһ󣬰ѽصһ壡
ϷֲǴģƾʲôȵʷһãݺݵһҴǵر˳ţ


37 粨˳
ɽʷطظϵ˳ţͨһڵأŹиʵ޵ʵ޵
˳ŴʱѸĳƻἫţʮ꣬붫ھԱ빬½ӱӹĵĵط仰˵µĹԱҪڸ뿪ĹԱȫӴŽ
ʷҴռʱĹԱǻû̫¶Ӿ֪м£˵ˣЩʷʲôʱģ糯ʱûס˸ĳƨǶ֣µصһȦֻǲ֪λϴ˽Ҫ˭ʲôëƤС¡
ĹټŶǱһŶʵڲҲϵԹԶԼôϵĹٶЩרʸӡƤӵͬУʵ۸вرĺãʱЩʷ̡
˳¹򣬻ߺʵ޵һڹԱȤýŵġҪŵĹԱȫˣһ¾ΧԱɰϾʵϵʲô飬Ե˱ߣ
ݺᣬߵڴʵۻӹӹ޵ʵΥڳɷ֮ŮΪһҲһ֮𢰲Σ̰ŮɫҲŮлԼʵΪ˰ռΪУ򣬴Ҳ˽ãӹҲ
˱˭״һʦ֮ʷһ±ز˼£ϲһ˵߰ڹԱ־ŭɲܴصĻϵ˵һЩʵ۾ʲô

ҶСû£һʱ֮侹Щ֪ҶСôźˡ
󵨣۾ϣϳȥնף
̨ʶһȨϵʥĳĳү֮½ūŵĴ峯ǿһõģҪնһԱͨɳ򣬻ʵҲɱˡ
ǣʵ۱Ͼǻʵۣ˵ĻʵĻʵ˵һЩȴҲֻԶԡԿҧĹټţԸĳԱ취һѵģ硪͢ȡ
ֻʵ۱ҶСͷۻһʱû뵽һ㡣û뵽ǽ첮ȴ뵽ˣ첮İñѹѹŽżҪյſڣԱȴͻȻһˣһӰ⡣
첮̧ͷһͼ΢΢Ʋǣؿصּ⣬κ˲ڣ
첮Цﳼ󵨣۾ҵū澵ģܿȥ
ü΢΢һôһͨǰ̫࣬ɣ
첮ĺòΣʱôƫƫһԴ׵첮ֻҶСֱѻʵ۵ȻãһԹȥ˼ǴС̺ӵˣĵλԶ˼ң֮£첮ֻôСĸңֻΪū澣Ŀ谡Ŀ޾ϣɱҲˣôû뵽İأ
ţ
ҪѵĻһҭںŴ۾첮ģ΢΢¶һ˿Ц⣺ţСӻ飡Ӱѷһڣʾһ£תǬ幬С̫ǰһᣬס첮ĵȥ·
Ϣŭϣȿڲ˳˳
߽һɫϰһ㣬ͽ͵شŴӸϽ߹ȥڵذѲ豭յǰʳָ豭һ̽պЩˮϷɿдˡ͢ȡ֡
ţ
ע⵽ĶĿڡ͢ȡϣ˫۶ʱһؿһۣȻҶС죬Ц֪ԴĿ޾ϣɽռ㣬֪ǾεĲ˰ҶС޴󲻾ϳȥ͢ȶʮ
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ӴС̺һ߹ּһʵ͵͵ݸɫʾ⣬ԼѾȫ˼漴ߵſڣվʿҶСȥ
ʮ͢ȴȥɶûУվƨɾԼ߻ؼңҲ˹ã̧ؼһСꡣҪҲףʩ̵ĽģֻҪ̫ʾǼȥܰ˻
ӻվʿҶСȥ㴫̫ࡢʩ̽ǰ첮ԭԼ̫࣬ʱҶСݣֺֻ޵ɫſ⣬Ӵ̴̫໻
첮ʵڲֻºҶСѶӵС빬ûʩأСĿ۽ɺã
ĵ빬ۼ빬ˣҲûأ
Ȼǲ¶첮ĵġ͢ȵ첮ĳģʥȴ첮ҲͲôˣ̫һˣʵǰ裬µֻ̫࣬Ҳ첮Ļķͷ㵭һЦȤǾһȥưɣ
첮ĴϲæлЯ
һۣһǰߣһ߽ѵСװ»㣬Ҳ飬ֻҪùأۼȻЯ㡣ͷɭϣӵľǲ֪ˡִˣ𣿡
첮ĵͷصСףСף
ʩ̵ص˳⣬Ϊǵž͢͢ĽޣɱȻ͢ѪǱܻ䡣Ѱջɻ˵ķأοǻʼңʵ͢Ľ˳ڵǵǽǵǽֻһţǵǽ֮͢⣬ƽʱǲģҪȥȻֻ˳š
󺺽վҶС죬һɴС̫࣬ˢˢ˳Ÿȥ

ʷӨӨسʷ̨ʷ̨Źټһﻹһλεذףһǰ裬һƳŵǱõļʷˣֲվס˽Ų
͸ûӨӨһسţŹ룬ԸſڣҲ˽ȥ澰һӶûû֮ġ
ʷ̨Ϊ͢߼˾֮һʵһʷ̨̲һֱӶ⣬ﲢûнɭϵָоǶԺ̨ͤ¥Էࡣ
ʷƽʱҲԼǩѺţĴתѰˢģǴ󲿷ʱ䶼ڴ˴Ʒ졢ʫν岻ָǾٹ٣Ϊ֮٣ͬʱҲǺС
ʱԺһԱߣʮλʷԹɢ£̸Ц˵ӨӨһǵע⡣ӨӨһ̫ˣϼ׼ױ磬Ҫ˵ٱΣ˴˴ҲĿ⡣
һʯ̨Χ÷״ʯգʷ죬һ˫ӹʷվȻǣһ̲סʵ֣㡭ʲô
ˮҲ𻰣ſӨӨ󣬴ǵ߹ȥһ̧Ⱦ̤ʯգһʯ̨վʯ̨ϣȻΧ£ʷ۸ߺλͬţʿ꣬̽壬ڽˣ


38 ˳
󺺽ѺҶС˳ţûſڣͷֺöԱʷſΧˮйͨ󺺽Щ㶣ֳɲһƣæǰȥӴλˣô
ԱɰŤͷһۣϳǰ飬æŶʷߵء
üǰ飬ȴûз뱣Ƿ磬ҳѵ⣬ʱѿǶݺأΧ۵ĹԱǱߵ˵ţһѱһᣬΪ̫Ͷ룬ȫûע⵽ĵ
Ӱ̾˿Щҧס˾ͲɿڵԹ٣Ϻ¡ٹٺ£ʵ̫ҲͦӦģֻװûֻ԰ϿصλһãۼҷʥͣҪ͢ȣ
Ү
˵ĺͶʷһӾˣ͢ʶ̫ˣһʷľ֮ܰһ͢ȣϧ͢Ҳôðġ¿͢ȾͦǴĻʵ͢ȵʱ򲢲ࡣ
ʱȻ͢ȡ֣ʷʱˣҲ˲Χ۵ĹԱʹ˵Ѫʷˣɴ۾ţ֪ĸ˶Ȼлᰤһ̼Ϳµ͢ȡ
ҶС͵ر󺺽˳ԱԱվվΧ״̬ʷվʱֹͣ˿ߣӳӼΧ۵ĶС
ʮ󺺽Ұˣ״˳վͣҷļ̫ʷ״վң첮һЦվλã΢΢ͷĿžܴñضűڵصҶС졣
ȻҶС죬Ŀ޾ϣڳʥͣżʮȣ󺺽̣
󺺽һһȣ㽻ѹסҶСͷ˫ȣŰɫʩ̴ǰ
ҶС족֣Ȼһ𣬷ͨ˾ͨڻԸ˵ǸŮӵδ˹ţ˾٣ҶС죬ʣǰˡ
ҶСҧأ͢ϡ˵͢ȣξ䣬ΪҪҪûʵΪ׵ʵۺĹ꣬뼯˳ſߣͬƹξʵ޿̣˴ɱ͢ȡ
һ粨Ʒ¹ԱһʮƷϹԱʮְͣ͢ȶʮˡգ޹Ա񣬼ξʵлʤⳡҪҪüξʵ۸ļТڵĵͳֻǱĶǻʵۺ͢Ϊ׵ĹټỰȨ
һνĵļξӮˡ֮ǰʱٹĻǰ޹ʵ̫ܲڵǳȴڻʵ۷Ƕѹ磬ѹ磬ܵԺ󣬻ĹټռϷʱӶࡣʵȻ඼иԣβ󲻵Ĺټţǲòʱű䡣
ɫ͢ȸ߸߾˿У󺺽һ͢ȾصȥѾӵʾ⡣͢ȷ֡Ĵ򡱺͡ʵ򡱣ڲȡִɼٰ̹ʵ۵˼
̹ٽżſôǡʵ򡱣ܻᵼ²зϣ̹ٽżպϣôǡĴ򡱣̵Ĵ󳼱ɡӵĽż˿̾Ǳպϵģ󺺽֪ҪҶС
磡

飡

عҽУһȽ϶̴٣ڶʹ˲ҶСȻɴ۾Ťͷȥһ㶼ʹΪſһˣعϡ
󺺽ȻȣһʱҲûӦǸ߸߾ȣصسȥʱʷͻȻΧȺг˳һʳſҶСϣعƨϣʱƤѪѸȾ
ǡ
ʷԸԳذ͢ȣ˵ǱˣЧԶʵֱôҲ͢ȣոϻ硢ٹҲһݿɹҫ
ҶСȻλ۵û׺붶ɪɪ˼ңͷһƬãȻͷôάңĪҪһӣҲ׵ĹѪϷ
ʷλ˾ҷ˵ҶС죡Ҫβǹ˽ãͼذӴۣۡ
ϵ˼æǰʷȴҶСϲɣλͬţλͬţһҪסҶС죬һҪֹϰҶСи̣Ǿǹĳ裡ǻʵ۵ĳ裡ҵȳĳ谡
ʷţԶͻȻһ룬ȥͼһƱɫƮȫ۵Թ٣ʷ̨屬ˣ
Ӣ۾Ἰÿ˶УЩʹԾӵʷԹÿһйĻ롣һмȿԼӢ۾Ļ룬ַΪԹٵʹβȺӦ
ǰͣһߣһ۸ߺĲǿںţǳڳµһƪսϭġ
ߣ³֮ҲΩΪ³֮ءߣ֮Ҳδвߡ³񣬱֮Ҳδвߡ»֮ɷǻҡٹ˽ã̰ŮɫȳǺף
ʣ۸ߺţȻһۿ˳ǰΣһʷǡ
طӣλͬãϵãͼıޣұϷסΪ֮ҵȳӰӣ־һͬ
͵׳֮лЩģ˳ţҶС챻Ҫ򣬶ǰõʱҶС찤ȡһҲһҪ͵Ĺ͡
ԣȸߺ֮⣬׹͵ġȵһҾҪʵȱеҶС죬׮ʷĴ£ҲƲˣԸ죬ҲͲطֵôˡ
ױͷʷҲʶȤѰ͢ȣ־˽ҪʵȺҶС죬Ѿ˼ְͣ׳֮ͷԷӦҲ죬ӦصĻ
λǶˣΪҵȵ»ڳ͢ʬλز͡Ӳҷ첻ܣְ֮Σ˳⣬ҵȾҪߵ룬Ｚڹ
ʷ׷Ӧߵ£ڼ
һЩбĹҲ׷׼Уߵظź
첮ۼȺٱϼȺڣҲЩǵôԱߵ飬ʵۻò֣ҶСӹһ١ŷһĻһʵ۵ĴȻˣ
һʷſڵϣѪܵƨɺҡһսĺ죬Ժؿš춷־ʢԹһܣͽŵĨ֮ͣҲֻˣ̫ࡢڽ󺺽ȫˡ
⡭⡭
첮ȫûף⾿ô¡Ⱥ󺺽иˣΰܽܽܵǰʱһɤӣʲôܰ
첮û̫ҲˣǾ˰ʲôһȺ޴һ嵶ģ˼ܣ㵨ӶûУҪȥǣþͶ
첮İûϸɵȱٵ㲦ǻʽΣԲ֪˳һرĹأǾǣĹ˲ǴΨһһԴ˲ĵط
˳ԭҲһͨĹţû̻ȨͳʮʱĹˣӴȷһڷ涨Ĺڴ˴ˣ
ȨӢʱĴ̫ٳɵġƻľһսԪˣӢڱ̫گӢڳΪ̫ӡʱָ꣬Ӣ֮Jڴ
ʱɱ䵳Jô󳼳Ⱥʧ˳ŷʹޣ뼴ʱָּ˳ҪѴȥһ¼ŭڴ󳼣ڴһӵϣ˳ĸ
乬ŵĽ״ŭڵسǰҪǵĳٱЩ֣ڳĴ󳼽һ⣬Σͷǫ嵽Jǰ˵Ͱٹ٣˳֮ﵱ˳ˣ
JĻͣһŲҶ֣һĻѪŵĲҾʹΡӴˣ˳һ̲ҲĬϵĹأطˣѭǰ׷
Ǻʹ󺺽Ƕˣ첮һǣˡۼʷƨɿĹȺ鼤ߣһ⻹Ÿ̫಻ߣʱһӵϣһ¾ͰΧ


39 
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ܵǰū澷ּҶС죬˭λʷͻȻϣŶԺʷȺڣХ캰أֽǾȻȻ
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ǾȻʹϻӹ޵ҪҶС죬¡Ｚگʹڼ

һʧɫʧ̨ɹô֪£ҶС죬һҶСԤ֪й¶ϢԹ٣Ķ񶾣ɱ
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ֵҴ߽Ƶ棬ʵ۵ϣոһϢһŮŷϼ֮ǰýԱΪ֮Ŀ̨ɹǰһԴߣûãͱŶԺȫԱŮûйƣù˿֮⣬־£һȺԱΧ顭
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ʹǰʹŮԳ˹ݺ֮ŮӨӨ
ʵ۳վҧгݣ飡쵰㲻˵ĹԸ빬ֻǵڻԼޡް
ǷϣԹٻ˳ſ޽ģ
ƺħ˳žһľҵʵ˳ųԹ̫Ŀˣ˰ΣŻЩͷʹԹ٣ֻʣͷʹˣ治øβźá
Ƿϣ
ҧҧͷ𣺡޹ΪӣΪҶСҡȥǣݱãϳҶС죬Ϊɱλ֮ʣΪıޡ¡ȫδΪޣɢȥĪҪ˹ƻ󣡡
һ͸˸ƵģֵѾˣɻּū澵ĲҲӣҲɱ֮һʧȥʥ裬˵ȴȶѹ
һϹ򵹣صߵͷˣūȥˡ
˵žū̺ϣʵڲûϰθëûūӦԼ壬ĪҪЩ亮ʳʱĿѣͷΣ˵ʱ򣬾ͽг̹ϰĦͷɣǸūѧġ
üͷ壬ֻǽȥּѣô˵øƵģӵ߶ͷصֻȥֲּǽȥㆪЩʲô
Ӵϣҳ˳ǰǲóġūǸˣûҲᱻĹǿͱ˴ˣԩû߰Թټߣֻһ¶棬͵ñǻ
ʡ˳ôһأҲɴǱĪѰձ˶ſڽҲûɡЩԹٶ޵Ĺţ޻ӹ޵޾ּⶼȥˣ
޺޵һӣȥɱǰ˳ŴּػȫΨʣ
һп࣬ģܵϸǰʲôС±ץ׳ˡҿֻּӲͷƤӦӳ˹һΰбվǶʱǰһ
ɤӣȵΰ
ĩڣ
ΰϽ˿У󲽸ǰȻصȥٴӹǰ˳Ŵּػȫ򣬱Ψʣ
ΰһвɾɽʵû취ֻӲͷƤӦа⣬ҪƲŵĨܾ͡Ⱦ;ȣʵھȲãͰ˹˹˾ӣԼɣ
ΰһ·ٴеظϵ˳ţͼһȺΧһţŻȭȣֱһоƥĻһԹٵӡ׳ӿûֻӲͷƤڴţпͣ
һпʹΧŹ첮ģȭ̤֮ԽŵڹԱ֣ͣ׷תЩٶеñˣеӣеҴһλЬӲ̫Ͻţ˵ʱֻ̫һֻŴѥһֻֻ԰ڵϡƽͶ̫٣м۵ôԣӿ湻Ƶġ
ӷɿǽһۣͼѪģһˣѪ࣬вβļЬӡӵʱ֮ģҲ֪λֵܣӵЩЩ˵Ķۣ
ʱ첮ģӸϲһϴҶСʱҲſΧŹ첮ģ첮ĺֹЬӡѪ࣬۾ҲˣҲˣʱ趼ϵãҶСϵó
ӼЩζԹʷǶľæһǫı飬úͻϿͣ޹ΪӣΪҶСҡݱãϳҶС죬Ϊ

ʵȥ˳Ŵּ뿪Ҳû˼ˣֻǬ幬ŶѹĹǱŶʱ˵ɱˡɱ𡣾ǻʵۣƴԼĽɽԪˣҲҸġ
ǣ¶ȷʵصүүξͬξִҪԼΪʿֻ»ʵ۵ĸ׺εΪʲôռһТ֣ǿеĹӲ
ҪʲôҶС췸ʮĴһϲ˼ҵŮˣҲˡҴЩɣܷ˵ЩһԹ٣ʵްգʮ
ʵţȻһС̫ŵؽϣ׸ʱСθǺġԺҶʷǡ˼ԡС̫һ˵߰˸֣Ƿϣ
һͷһԹٶ˳ţʱЩ͢ԱԿ϶Ҫضйأ¾ֵ֪ôʵʧΣص
߰˼һӿ˽Ǭ幬һӳǬ幬ĹƺǺɫģͨһϲգʵ۵飬ȴǲҵġ
˭Ҳ֪λ󳼺ͻʵ˵Щʲô̫ǺߣãֱԹŪҵӹصǬ幬
̷ǰһƳڹ̺Ļ¹ٺ͹Ҳ˳֪״ûϽһС̫ѯʵ˭ڹ
С̫һŤͷƼ⸱󣬲һҲʣֻѹĻ׸θ񲿡ȴԱȫ档
ӽŵصʲô
С̫ЦС΢ᣬЩ͢سҪʲôһȥˡ
ӶԻʵۻǺĵģԥҪҪվʲôģͼθͷӹӸϽͷǷʩֱһԱԶˣ˿Ⱦﴳ
ʵһۣ׸ʱлûءӼææȥҪϱģͼ׸վǰһҵӹʩ񣺡ϣ˻ϵ˽£޹£Ϊ׸Ӧ£κȺڣѶ֮ϳΪǷŮΪԿɾϣһʵѳɣЩС˹룬ġ
һԲʱ̾˿Ҿһ񣬵ˣ
ʱһתÿӣ˵ǰˣδػⷬ⳼֪׸ǲһ죬æһӿŲ߳ȥˡߵʵߣֱĵصϣ
˳ջ£ʵʵص޹ΪӣҪһϲŮ˶𣿶Ҫ𣡡
ӱһᣬصϢŭϡڰЩԹҲǲģ˳ǰ벻ݣūֹá
ӰչȥûϿϵӡʵȴ۾һ˫ëˮʵ߽ȥ޵ּ⣬ͷҶС죬Ѻڹ֮Уٹ鶨跢䣡


40 
ӨӨۿʷԹڵسȥеĽȴһҲûзɡڳ͢˲֪ʵѾĹǡܡʲô̶ȣУӻϵģΪΪġ
һȺ򶷵ùһƥô
Ȼܣ
ӨӨУЩֻˣʸӡֻᶯƤӵʷǾһȺȺȥͷɫˣӨӨֻǶһ˿ϣûгɹİա
ӲĳԴٳһֱûʲô֪ӨӨףĹ٣Դ֮ͷ˱죬ǲ򣬶һȺƤǡ
ӨӨվڹǰվãѾȥ۹⣬ҲôЩΪ߹ѯԵʵĴ󳼣ʱţԽԽĶ߳ˮ
ŲŴȻһӰһɫӰһֱŵӨӨȻŴ۾̴ź˼£һ仰û˵Сɿɰıǳἱ⶯£ӨͻȻȪˮһע۾
Ϊ֮ǣҵǸˣҶС졣ҶСǰѾȥ£ֻС£ҲɢˣŰɫС£ͷɢƽյͬӨӨһ۾ϳ
ҶС쿴ӨӨϲӭǼ˼ȻٶȻ˫עӨӨһ˲˲ҲоӨʪĹ
ͨЩʷ֮ڣѾ֪ӨӨΪһУӨӨһĿ޵ĺɫ޷ӳУٴݵͻһȼյһ
ӨӨе᲻һֱ־ţĴӹ̧һ׷ʬ壬ڿҶСվǰһԼ߳ģӨӨޱȵ㣬ѵõһҪĶ
С磡
ӨӨϲõؽһȻҶСɱȥ
¼ķϼطɱţɱڸ߸ߵĻɫǽ¡ɱھ޴ĺɫǰ׳ͬϣΡ׳۵ĹǰΪ޷˵뿪ͥһӡ
ӨӨšЦšţȥҶСſ˫ۣȵؽס˽ӵһӨӨʹȫرҶС죬һͻƵģӨӨǰ૵Һú£Һú£С磬û¾ͺá
ҶС챧ӨӨӯ˵ĽգظĦıһ仰û˵Ůϲŭֵʱϲĸо˴಻ͬʱǴĵףʵͣأżȡһ㣬һĵػζȴԸó˷
ֱӨӨſҶС죬ϻžӨϲᣬҶСС磬ûôҶСŽС֣΢ЦţûˣһΣң
ҶС¶һ˿Ǹ£дֻᴳ鷳СѾͷڻ˲ءһ־˾춯صĴ£ٹΪ
ӨӨΪЦҧӣ۲ӯӯҶС죬̧ؿشһ£ð㣡ԭ˼Ҿһɵǻ
ҶСὫӵػɵҲãǻҲգƫƫϲ㣬Ӽĵһۿʼ
ӨӨһ黰ˣܰĸо
ȣͲʱ˵ؿһҶСӨӨŤͷȥЦصϲλ侭꣬ռʺ磡
ӨӨϽʩһ񣬳ĳصҲ壬л
رͬżţһĹ͵лоԼô˵ʲôʵûдڸУվã´ʵ㲻صлҵʷڴҺ֮ģֱ֮ԾʧΪΡ
Ȩߣ˾ͳԦ֮ߣɹ˽ãʩʥԣкߣΪҲȿƵڹߣˣҹǾߣΨֲԱҡ
ʷʷ˵ڳ£ӨӨһһ㶵ġҶСȴЦݣǳ֣صһȻλˣҶĳл
ЩƵٿЩ޸ΪάԹٵΡΪ׷֮Щ߻ħһȺĴڣ֮£ȫˣ
ҶС˵ЩƵپǴɰˣ

йٶֽйٷأ̫ĵط֮йش塣Ϊ̫౻Ϊй٣רűٸǵصأͽйˡֻǺӲĳйء
طҲȥ̫࣬һЩţѾ̺˵̫ǲɢ˵ģҲԷۼ˵ظͬʱȥϻǿء
طɭɭû
䵽̫ڹһӣҲеټ޶Ůûʲôѣе֮ǰлЩͻײˡ
ǮҲ಻Ķȥҹ˴һ㣺̫ȱҪⱨӦġȱµ¶ʲô߹Ѹţپء˼Ҷ޺ˣѪʳ붼ûָ˼ҵķأǲǼµ¶ôԾƤԴҲΪɻ䣬ײǱ˴̫ǵķѰ·
޾ԣЩ˾ǲںģͶ·ʱ򣬱ҡ
ңֱˣʮꡣ׼ƶ켣ͷһƤ˻죬ֲʶһΪеɹȻЩ¡
ҺɫöģƾĻ龢ԼͬжǿЩı£ż׬Щ죬һǮҲܲ£ȫõŮ˵ĶƤͶˡ
С飬зƵġһ˱˵ƣǰڶһһǮԷһĴƤ¼ʮˣǷĶծһʱ֮䣬ʵ޴ôһǮйٷص̫ϣ˵ĹĹ
ҹʱ֣һѶ£һֻ򣬹ǱйٷءЩ̫ǵľӴһƬͰҲƽΪıڣ̫Ժﶼ˼һļݡǱȥƱؾЩ󡣲ұҲǴЩŵ̫⣬ĿЩ㡣
ΪǷ˶ծϣոձծ˺ݺݵشһ٣ʱһȳһյġŶ£ǵƹƽ˷صأ¿ˣѡһأ׳
һ·أȽھˣһڱ¶Ҳ۳һƵ̰ѹסеĿ־壬ĹӣӺ˹
ǹײľǼ鱡ľɾ˿ˣҵȼһգΪǸոʬ壬ʬ廹ûҺ⡣֮ѡ·أҲǵϷصʬͶרҵĵĹˣһŪãȾһʬؼǾ͵òʧˡ
ʬ˭˰죬δҵһֵǮĶʬϴ̫óȥҲǮ뵽ԼǷ˶ծϣծץסǿ־Ƕţسɲзϣɵŭͷ𣬶򵨱
һѾס̫ʬ죬ݺݵسĶ⣺˵Ϲ㻹ǻ칬ģôͲ֪ܵǮôͲ֪ܵǮ˵
һһ߳飬ʬ屻ţһſ۾һͬСɣʬˣŵ໵һУҪ㲢õȥ
·ֲֻֽ֮ʹæҵΣȴûߣױǡ̫ཀྵʬָһ߬סе𡭡ˣ
Ҳһͻһ԰ҺŶԣ⽩ʬʲôĪǡ


41 ⣬У
첮ľȻûӦǾ仰˲ǧꡱʱ첮ֻǱιȥŪױĿ̫󣬵Щˡ
Ҫ˵̫ģĸһѪᣬҪͷؾ͵͵ðѾ²ȣˡ˵С׳ЩѿҶֱв˼Ҳغƽˡ
ӱ̾˿Ը˸׼һ߱ףȥйٷˡһ߱׻˼ǮϾΪˡ
ڹϹģָҲð˭ܰ£Գð˹й˱ģ޷ģԼ£̫ҲǮͷҪЩС̫ѹǮһ
첮ıʢװףйٷأҹʱֱҪֻǹпϡӻѵʱ䣬ʱǡҸĹһʿӿ룬ٱһ⣬첮ıʱ
㡭ûҲΡΡһ䡣
첮һʣʶЩŷַ죬һʱԼĴ첮ĵҡûֻǱ˴ñչȥ㡭ʲôˣ
ʵ첮ĿڹϵԼԱߵ£оѲµ˶ԷݡԷ˾һֻܻϢеûʲôޡ
첮ĽűԭǵĹġ
첮ĳʱȡЩ֮ԭҲ޿ɺǡֻϧ޳л㡣žµ̨лˣ
һڵԼݣɵö򵨱ѳ£׼һٰжˣǳ˾첮ô˵һɣǱҪҲɱˡ
첮εȴ棬һˣɾ˶ةةɽɽй٣̫ࡢ̫࣬ͬ˵ֻһҶС죡
ֻһˣһ˥˰ˡҵⷬСжȫ첮ĿʱĴ㡣첮һæֵۼڹʱԭҲЩ̨ۼҵۼҲ֪ˣصУл
˻оַǸͻƤһȻлɱĸǲӰ˵ҪС˹꣬ڹǰ֣ңСͳɡ
첮һֵܣҹģʲôȥôȴȥЪһЪһȥŴǶңۼҽ˻ϣȡл㡣
һӡӦТƵİ첮ڵشӹ£첮뿪йٷء

ѹҹӵסɵƻͨ
ҶСӨӨ˵ƾĹ̺УȻǰɷӨӨҲܸмӡΪýݷǳ⣬Իʵ۶ԣһرѹԵӵʷ˵Ҳ͸һֱ׳ɡ
Ϊ˵˵Ҳʵϵһ䣬Բԭ֮ռݵ˺͵ĲԭȻϳڴҲƳʱһ֣ʼչ᳹ߵˣԻǵûʵ۲õڰһƼˮˣܿɹˡԣҶСЯӨӨţ֣صл
ķ˵Ůɹ˵ƵԹ٣޾յؾҶСŵһ˵ءȻķ˲ӨӨһ£ҲǾɴ£ᵽԭ͢ǹźεȵĲͬ
Թ٣ʲô٣ս˾죬Ƕȫ£Ҫ˵Ȼĳɹˡķ˸ϵݣҲʷᣬӵϱ
زķֻܰҶС쵱ԼŮˡĸ￴ŮԽԽȤɶŮ˵ܵúˡĸҶС첻װҲװŵ
ӨӨñطָ꣬ѣûķػȵúܣڵǷ𶯡ԡˡһҶСֻôӺȾơ
ҶСҲӨӨΪ㣬ˬ죬ҶС츦һӴͺϲĻ龢ʹܵܡ
ʵǺܺþƵģҾܴ󣬲μӹ͢ʱҲҪάһ󣬲ܿ˿ȴֲȻֺͬϲӿǰлҶСܲ㣿ȥҶСͷֱˡ
ﵹδĸǰӦάһ󣬿ϧ岻ʹҶСˬ󷽵ĺӡĸһȳӡ󣬽Ϊˡ
ʱȴȵӨӨĶֳ̰ˣǼҶСģʱȴȫ֪ΰҶСΧûʶʱðԼ˽Χ
ҶСЦĿض룬ˬһʱӨӨһԹƽкãΪ˼͹ľҶСŬԼҧʵϿڳݲֺĸʱӨӨ̵һԿţֻԼ˺̬䡣ֻãԼϲһϲʲô취أӨӨһ޶ӨӨ
ķ΢΢üĵضҶСС죬ƾӼԹٵİӹһ١ϳôһưͿưոôǻʵѽҿǻǾ췵عݰɡ
ҶС쿴˿߮ļʿδĸԳ͢Ϸ²ȫ˽⣬ֻЩӻҶСˣ֪ǻʵˣҶС״̬
ӨӨĸ׵С߲ˣȻΪСɱĸ˾¶ϻûء
˵ӨӨȻմմϲתҶСС磬ñأǿ˾ѽ㲻ɱˣһɱĸ
ҶСлѣѲܿԼҾڶ˵ˮûʲôоΪζѾȫľˡӨӨĻҶСӺȾһ룬ˬһ
ķ˿ԻֺֺЦصǰǲ֪ģȻܺȵȥ˵Ѿ˺ˣڴ鷳õǺã
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ЦؿӨӨСӴĺţһмȳϳС죬ǷԹģ˶ֻΪǹ˽ˡ
Сһϳ͵ĵҲȷǾǾд̡Ȳ˶Իʵ˵ʲô˼һ˵ĳڽЩƵԹٸװ֣£ᷢǻʵǵѡ񡣡
ķ˿ˣͷˡ
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ķ˹еصʲôһ²һ£ǲҪǷ˰ɣ

װһҶСװȥˣһᣬɵӨӨĴϣ˯


42 
峿ҶСתֻڸҪñˮȣȻôȷ飬һͼӨӨĴȣӣֻСèƵ˯㡣
ҶСԴԺϡǵĸ˺ӶڣȥӵлģþƿӨӨһšĸڣôǶһ
ҶС¿һۣȷ֮ĻӨӨĽűһѾߵһߣҶСҲһҶС쿴ӨӨ˯úЦ΢΢һЦзһ˿⡣
ҹȵӨӨϱ˯ȥķ˱ҶСӰȥϢӨӨƶлᳳԼҪԼȺú˯һ
鵽һķѾûбѡֻܰҶС쵱ԼŮ˵ӨӨδ飬̴ڣǲϹصģķҲԭϣҲǷǳں˵ҶСѾ࣬ʲô
ǲԭϵŮкܣԭŮӶлŮ¸ӿÿ˿񣬷ɣķͬޣҶСӨӨЪڻ
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˯ಢʵ˯˱ԼͷǣҶСϣȴҶСĴȱ÷ˡ
ҶСһӨӨҲˡ۾ȻԼҶСϣͷҹɼǵʱЩ졣
ҶСʾԼһ硢ϸС޵ĻȻ˵ˣҲǾϱҪҶС죬ȴҶСͷ˵ġ
ҶСᱧסӨӨСĸأ
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ҶС˰ɵķΧ£ƺ˵ԼĲӨӨ

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ӨӨ̾˿ҶСһϽҡʵҲǡڡޡ
ӨӨЩ˸еصÿ

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ҶСѩģ񣬳ˣȻȻϲġ
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ҶǧߺʱС˻ضһۣڷ˾սͷǺۼ״ͬӥɺĳԱļĵ˸ɫ˼ԱһҶԱõδãһ⣬ԸӲöϣ


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ֱӣʷз֮ȨҲ޶ݴ󳼡кβ֮ģ˵ӳî޾㣡
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˵͵ﻹûժñӣԱ߹ˡʵŭ̲ס˵ʷˣ˸޵Ĺٶؼȥɡ
һףֻɱһͷѣõͽôˡô¶ռ䣬׸ʱŭˡ
ʱйȻԲҲǺƢǵһվˣһɣôʷǸϳǣ׸ǸʲôԵģ
ʱаüһһ˦̡߲һ͹ڵأصڿƵְһͬ뿪ǣ
ΡҲʱһҲ۹򵹣ְ׸һͬ뾩
ڸθڸжһٺͼ֮ѾȻ״̬ԹˣҲ򵹣ʷ𳯳ͣ˷ǱʵǰػģΪְ
ʵ΢΢۾ţڸϡڳ֮óͷඣ
һϻдӦ˼ողվԹٺֹȥȨƣȺԹ٣ʥӦϳͣ

ǵͻȻһߵıЦһڵʹļ״ĴȻ̧ͷȥͼʵЦЦֹЦ£˼ƣֱЦ
ޱޱȱᣬǸʲôطٹǹĹµЩʲô£һеŮ潣ңֻҪһŮ˶ѣȴǺָ
ЦվȻעȥֱӰȫʧŵЦϵشδӱʥּǬ幬˹ֱݡ
˱ЩòȻ֮ľżŪЩˣҶС췴ôˣɷĳΣҲԸǰ˵


45 ҽ
ʵдҶСĴһϣ˫Ŀһӡ֪鼫Ȳã˵ϽǰӸӡʥּһ̵˳ȥ
˿ޱȵƣ룬жԴǵ룬ҲжԼ롣ÿδ䣬ϡ˯࣬ͼʲô
ҶСһͷе˶ڶǸ˵ƣޱȵĶģԸҶС׷ҲԸٱЩĿġߡô¡
ã³һ۾Ȼһ㶡ǰһˣ˱Ӧóǰġ˾Ȼ첮ġ
Լ߹̫ټϸյ磬ģȻûвһ˿־壬Ȥ̬ҲһӰ졣
ֻȻ첮ģȵСף㲻ǡ㻹ţ
Ա첮ĽǸ̫ߣǰһҪʵ˵է첮ĵ첮ѾһϥмһѱסĴȣ޵ϣūЩ˻ҪΪū
˹Ӳ˵˳ȥô
첮ĺǣū󣬵ʱֻǱҲǹľòΣϱ߸Ҳأū澾˳ū澲Һ߶Ż
첮Ĳ˵˵Ĺ˽ĵġ˴˵Ĵڣһ˷ֶ֮һ㶼Ϊǿд˼ˡ
˴ñչȥصػǲжǿ˭ҲԸͶ˲˥ѣʵӲȻҲ࿴ġ
һǷǷٺЦ˱ܻϸ΢ġҲĲ˵Ȼû֣ЩͰС׻ءҿֻĲ˵ǮҲ˵һһϢ֮ˣȻ߿ľӷ
ߵķû˵꣬ͱݺݵصһۣϹɵصū澶졣
ȴ֪֮⣬ʵȥˡʵԼǮͦŶģȴΪϲŵˣΪӣҲϲ̱֮ˡ
յĲԻҡʲôҲԭˣǰߵˣеǻҩνǡڿһպǰĵλ
̫ǷϵģΪ̫ʱĶϵĿǰǿһɣڶϵַɣκߡһɣһɣ֮Ҳ
ת첮ģ˵
첮ګګصûûūѹ͡صأŸū澵Ѿû˹ҿ﹫·ū澵ĿߣŰū澴
յΪ޳˿ͷ޻ȥúϢɣšͲºˡ
ĸ֮һ࣬λӵ˾࣬첮ԭ˾ֻ࣬Ǵӵ̫࣬񲦵£ү׿ڲǲȻܻ̫࣬첮ľϲæл
첮ĸ߳Ͻְͽӭ˼䡣߾ôһ·ҵҰ̫ݣȴǰȻǸõ˲ţΪãԸʱһ֣Զܺ
ߵϻˣЪϢհɡͷۼҽ˸аסٸЩϺõĵҩЪգȬҲ١
л䣡
첮ĴӦһ뿪Լסƾ㶼ͬҵļ̫Ϸˣ˼ҼȻûͲð˼ҵǮƾΪˡ
ǣ첮Ѿ£ձְ˾Щ̫ĸҵԹ԰ԼߵǮͻأӱޣһ첮ĵСһʡ
첮ӣɵС̫Ҳˣ첮ĵ̫סԺ䰲첮˴ƣֱš
һڹ⣬ȵʱѾܾˣʵѾ̫˹㲻ĹصĴˣҲް취Ȳܸ٣Ҳܴ
ƽʱˣֻǽʵ޷ߡΪծڲԶء˵Ҳԩ·խҽո첮ĵ˻ʳǸͱծˡ
⼸ԷծԭľǽսǷǮҹҲŲܼɻ䣬ҹ̫ء˶·ϣ˵˵첮̫һ֤ծŷŹһ·Ƥ޼ҵҪƼ˴һ֮ǿɲðա
еʱ򣬺ȻһӰӹＱ߳첮ġ첮ǰҾϲصһŵǧһΪΪ㲻ء
첮о˹һةȻ¶ӣȴҲȶһƤʧԵĳ£ֻǵһЦЩǮƣֻˣĳʧԡ
첮İһݣΣǾۼҵײۼҵлŰɡ
ӣмصСĸɵıǼ˵ĹǲСģСҲû˵壬Сʵǡδ̹մ
첮ĵصһߵĲȱ֮ˣ̸ʲôմͽ๫ɣ
ҹص֪ڹк˾߾ͣ
ʵһ㣬첮΢΢¶һ˿ֵİ⣺࣡
첮İһ˦˫һȻȥ˿̣ѾһĹ̫۷Щ䲻Ľʿ׷Ƿ
Ѱ̫൱Ȼûִģ಻ͬ²Ǵֻ̫࣬ҪЩְ˾ˣʿ൱İͽᣬΪƱġ
ڹʮҪľ˾ࡣ˾ʵƱڸҪʵΪࡣִȨʵΪ͢ฮ
ͬʱ໹ҪݳͻׯӪʵ꣬뻧͢ġڹܼҡ⣬˾࣬࣬ͬʱﵽ¹ڲһ־⣬Ȩνء첮£ʸ񽾰
Ƽ첮ݵӣȻһĽ֮⡣ж˭ȨգŤͷծڽֶţ⶧Ҳǿ϶ʣһ˻Ŀ˵һ
ҺȻһҧ๫
첮Ȼͷͼ˫ϥһ򣬳صؿͷ󹫹䣬С빬ɣ
ʱӸոոϵ䣬ҶС˻ϵʥּﳤȥҶСӨӨӻܳɴʵС磬ʵ˵ʲôˣ
ҶС΢ЦǿԻؼ
ģ
ӨӨȸԾѣϲ鷳ˣ
ҶС조ߺߡͦŵ˭
ʥּĵؾСձΪĿţɽ񡱵ĴֱϷĻ˽ȥ


46 Ե峤
оӣԼİ˶һɱķ˾ȴܰȻڴУҶСһӮˣӨӨڴˡ
ҶСõһкôʤӦõģ쾭ģ³һСǶԣҶСûж˵ԼܵĴѾͷ߷߲ƽǳʲô¶ڵĽõĽ֡
ҶС챻ΪĿˣţ˾٣ĵȹһȵĿĿǴӾƷĹ٣ҲϮʵеǱԶɽһ峤կֻǹٷݵĴ峤կ
ҶС˵ʵʿƵĵ̺ͱûб仯ʲôٲҪһοʹأλԶ֪֮ϣʵ˵ʱ򣬻Ҫϣ
ͳεĵطȭͷӲֻҪȭͷӲֻһССĿڸǰһԶء
ҶСһ䶨Ҫ̷زԭˣΪԭʵϵŮܾõԭǲԭԭĵλԶ֮ڵ۹ȹ̣͸ܾˡ
ҶСӨӨһֱ͵ʮﳤͤһһڱ˴˵⣬˷һһӶĻᣬһ˴ӨӨӯŮкܣؽǲüƼӨӨ⸱ģҲ
ϧʱǺġǡڻԡ޹Ҳüһãܽⳡս۵ĵʧ
Ǻ٩٩صԹʷ֮ĿȻɻȱȻ֮Ƶֻ֪۵̸ڹʵ洦Ǵ˷ۣܵ棬ǻ¡
ڸԲˣ׸ˣΪɱɡԹ룬ƫ̻֮ԹǶȻưոݣģ׸˱سʸ֮ģ
ǺⷬνһѪԹ壬÷ǳ׼ȷò˶ã׸ʱоͻΪԹǶϣʱʱһʱƣӦȥرԹץסѱΣɴ༤ˣϻȥˡ
ڻЦѭؾߡʬλزߣͳͳȥкβãҹӣڸƵ֮ЩĻ䣬֮âȻã
Ĺٽѧŷ޵Ĵʿ£徭Ǳһ֪ʶ˿ƾٽʿǱһ˲š
ӣеĻʵҲֻһȨ;䣬ĹٶѽѷֵʱżһٲߵݾͺãҪһΡΪεġ
ȻŪīʱҲ廳ػʺ䡢棬ǾϣԼĻʵ۱һλͳߣԪ谡۲ŴԵĻʵǲϲѭ桢ϲðյĻʵͬϲ
ԵڻԲЦ˵ʵĻ䣬âĻ治ĵΪʵۺáʵ۴ӴΪΣǲǵķЧ
޹ҶС첻վҪعˣǴ˷ΪΧɷѿģϣṼǣȥҶ̨
Ǻĸź˼Ƭ̣صϷ뷨ת䣡
ǺٲȻӥ֮䣬ôһ˵Ŀʱ޹֪к뷨
ǺĵҶС̸֮Ҹ࿹֮Կɼһߡ˵ﲻüԦһǳ»Ūɳ׾Ҷ̶뱻
˼˼صǣͲڹ˵˼ѵ˵ðǵͼ̹棬Ӷõϣ
Ǻ΢΢һЦϮ٣ҵȾѴɹʶģʵ棿ֻһȴҲһɱ˴˺Ӧʲôʧء
ǵͷǣǲѳ͢ͼԸӦĴ͸¶Ҷ̶Ǳ׼׵Ҳῴ͢ͼӲǸʾ֮ѵ˴󲿷ֵ٣ִŭӣĿããǣԮ֣ܾġ
˷׷׵ͷǣ˼ȻĳҶС֮Եе㽻飬¾ͽȥɡ

ҶСһŭʱͭʡʯؾҲŷ츲صı仯
ҶСҶСɷָӵĲ֮ǰڼկݻڬBá˭Ҳ֪ŮӾЩʲô뿪ڼկڬBϷͭʸ
ûãڼұ㲻رܵǲͭʳ꺮ѾͬҶС˺Ȼ͵Ϯ޷ɹģڬBһαûʲôıƣڼҺзǵ常ڼѾͳһѲط̣ƾ
ڬBðڳ֮żҷ˽˫սݱʱţɽѸײ֮ɱͭʳǣ꺮ݺͱһżɽ꺮˰չұչ֯ˡ
ţɽսչҺͲܼһвݵңǾܳȥԸżҵģҲΪܣðմɹչҺͲܼҷţɽڲ飬ٳˮɽȣֱţʱȻʦسݼŵսȻˡ
ˣҶСһͳͭʸͭʳҶҲûеڶǿ֮⣬ͭʽżֻʣ¼ϵչҹӲд
չȻδץסսռҶСϳȴҲȫջսȻûռˣڲ߷ȴȡ˳ɹ
ʯҶҶС챾ò׳ҶС챻Ѻ⾩ǺҵǱ
Ѿ쵽ⷽ鱨ҲרѹҪСλկŪĻЩɽ˵Ķ֣ڽĽĺͻȻѣʿ͵ϮøˣȺ֮ʣչұ
ʱոսͭżңʾطЮʤ֮˲չȴ;棬ƣһؾǨؿŲչȫ˳˻չұ
бͻţɽˣ˭ұأҶС´ʱܹһĴ󽫻̫٣ĽǰͶΪҶСھʦδʱҲڹ״̬׽⣬ֻðڼҺֵȥұ
ұ˿ȻһճǣĵƷǳҪס˴չڴұǰ޷ˮɽȷһұҲԱţͷ
ȻĿʵʿģţɽȫȹڲ췴һ׼ΪҶС裬ֻȻأһ
ҪȶڲżĸֻǵһҪгز֧һճ־õսţոս˶ǴɽǨⷽĴԶɽ壬ظҪ
ֻͭҪҲˣָǳǹǮڹƽǧһǮ⣬ҪֻǰǮʳСҩġ
ʱ뻨ǮҲ뻨ܻȥġҪ򴢱Ķʳҩģһǳ͢Υ֮ʱãһмСʸȫһЩ߼۹˻ţɽ
һݵΨһͨҲ˴áҶСǰԺصĿľӪóĺηҶС绢ԲҵѣƴϡܰͷӦ߳и䣬һзǳ˳˶ԴԴϵţɽ˭֪˳زͻȻ˴¹ʡ
һʼֻżӴ˲ȣһԹ֧ţɽսµľʣѵǮƼӵһĹƽ˵ҲǼӴһ֧˭֪һӴľʣͻȻˡ


47 
ɽ£֯ġ֯֯һƬһڱƲУԡݵ߶Χ÷״ðм񱣻м䡣
меһڣ΢ĵƹ¶Ȼû˯嵭¹£ѾϨ˵ƻһȻһֻӰСǣɿϸһֻ꣬ĵؽӽŵƵ񣬺Ȼһͷ˽ȥ
ҶСڵһûһڵŲ衣뿪ǵǰҹ˼ͻȻ΢ãҶСΪȣɽ˵Ļһ
ҶСһֱΪ͢Ӧûнģȴ볯͢ӦҰģڲַĴѲѲҶܣһһϱţѾʼΪݲһ޵
˼ԸֻӦһ¶͢ͻԳشսһȻͿ̿ǵѣ͢ϣСĴ¡
ԣ͢ҶС죬˼ϣ˾ϳ͢Ӧ˾һԱݣ̽Ӧĵϸ˾һԱݣ˽ݴСλ˾ЩӦ
ٱ磬ҶڲϣʼӦкΧʱϳ͢ٱж˾ݣܵ˵˾ڳ͢Эƽѡ
Ϊر͢һ̶ĬһЩΪţɽʱ򣬸һı֧֡ҶСȻĶǺԥһڴӦ
ӹɵйģĪ볯͢еĹϵܳΪһģĪ볯͢еĹϵܳΪͬݵҵģҲĪ볯͢еĹϵ
쳾磬ɻڴ벻ȨȻҶСΪֹοеֻţɽһϯ֮ء˵ͭʻ÷ˮ𣬵Ϊûַͭ˾ء
ͼͭʽʯ䣬ΣҡչҡܼҷӦ֮ңȻ˲ݵĵزأƾųé®ɷһʱҶϺ˱ضȻˡ
ҶСֹ۵Ĺƣ֮ţҲĴ۵Ļʮӵ֮ǰͭһţΪĴǸǳˡ
ΪǲҪĻۣҪⲿĻԵƹеθ֣ҶҲпӱΪ˾ŵһԱΪ֮һóȥ
һеһУǰѳ͢Ŀǣһ͢УõúõĻ׺ɣｫϦɱ䡣ҶСһ·˼úǧѷĻᣬ۳Ͷ٣ЪϢʱҲڽſǡ
һƣӨӨСƵ˽ҶСȿһЦ
ȻֻΧ嶥񣬵ﰵﱣ˿ɲ嶥еʿܹϢӵֻһˣȻӨӨĴС㡣һ·֮ϣҶСѾְϷԵʱֻǿ
͵͵
ҶСЦӭȥСĽвĸҺòײװ󣬿ɾȫ
ӨӨӵɵذһۣûģ˼Ҳĺˣɻǿŵ˯˲㣬㻹˵˼ҡ˼һȥˡ
ӨӨ˵ҪߣҶСһסԼǡӨӨŤȥײף˼ҡ
һ仰û˵꣬һ֦ವһ͸˽ǼΪ͸صĻɾʮ㣬Ӧǿɹؼ׵֦ʸɲɵأòŶ˵ȥʸβҶСϲһѪߡ
ӨӨ棬ۼʹŤͷҶСģ

ҶС켱һһѱסӨӨع

ô£
߳ƻͨΰѡ
ȻɼҵӵĴ࣬ҶСǰȻһŵģĲǰȴλߵϡ
߳еĴΰѹڴǰɫ˫ֳڣŵıۼʯȻǿַŭӢʱһ΢ЦӴŤĺ⣬ض׵ܣƺˮڵֵܣ˭ȴչؽ򣬾Ȼ˶ҡ
ΰѡشڴѾĴ̽ϢλկɽկѰЯŴأӲԶġ
ƺˮ߳е£ΰһͨĻƣΰѽãΰѵôúǶҲŷɻڴ
Ҫ̣λկϣ⳵ʵȫΰˡ߳Ѿ·൱֪һҳУⷱæΰһæùƺˮڱ֡
˵߳ҲûǣǵнˮǺܷģչĴ۸ߣƲģȻ˵˺һģͶչңǻ͵˴ʧӰ١
صһӣȵͿҪôֻЩһѻ֮һ棬ʹﵽĿˣ
ΰѶͷ亹乶䣺¸Ըл
߳гжģţ˾޴ҶСֵܣ˼׷׷һ£й棬߳ؽΪﲻˣǳе˼Եȫ⳥ǽ壬ţ˾ҶСϲ׷߳ҲÿˣΪѾˡ
ΰѵȻΣȴöҪҵβ߲ѵ޵ݡΰһ˵գֱ̽䣬סһӣֱѷĵкԼĲӡ
һƷʱһΰѵĵϣ¹γһѪۡ
Ʒصһܽеô·졢ƺˮҲ죬ܷҵǣͿˣ
޴ôһʾأǸ֮һ棬һᱻ˷֡ڲ˷ֺδ𣬿ɼǲǱյĻ㻹нĻᣡ
ţһʣһ䵽зǴǣʵԱơʺķ˴ǮӵһĹƽ˵ҲǲݺӵһʲƸҲôɳԵóӲǣ
ͷʹǣţг˲ҩģдʣʸǹУҩⶼǼùĶҲûжٴγ˸߼һι룬ʧȥóһǮҲδлˣĻչļĶԿУȻԴ
̣ɲƾʿս϶ˣ൱ҪáЩʶΥƷ֪ؿԿҶСװư粻֪ȴǲ֡ؿȥ׷顰ڳԺڡİӡ
޷ֻܶԼоΪʵѶȡ
Ʒɵ˫üһ𣺡ȻǲðյǾһߣҪ߲ˮ½·һ߲顢һ߶£ֻҪǲˣҾͲǲɣ
ˣ
ΰ¶Ȼ飬޴ҷģһ鵽ǵ䣬׷ر°ʣ첻Ըͷ
ΰ޴صؿһͷվ̤˳ȥΰ߳߳еã̧ۿ˿£кȻܵ¶һ˿¹Ĺâ


48 ˷
ҶС챧סӨӨؼһ֦Сȣʱʹǡ
ʵҶСûؼһδػΪУ̿͸ǵλãֻܴ¹ſܵڷ䣬ԺɲɵҶСԼȥ
ھУ׼ȷж϶ԷļʸǷԼһʸ壬ѲܣûôٶȣҶСûбѡԵڵذȫԱϾһЩ
ķӦ죬סӨӨһϾʱߡˣȻмλþӶ࣬ٻΧӣҶСѴӼʸĽǶжϳԷǴɽϷӸ£Ƿ䣬ܵΧӱϰȫԸЩ
ҶСܵΧӱϣʹصձ̺ӨӨϣߺһձʣټϵĵձоʸǣĻ壬ҲҪ
ɽϵȻˣһǲչˣҶСһʹӨӨĺ󱳣ο򶨣һ߼˼
ȻɽӪɽϵȻҪΪǽɹ˿صһҪڡƬɽûֿԲˣҶСɽϾҲа֮࣬ǰͬʱһ˼ʱѶҲǱ
µҲǾ޻ɵģҪ֪Щ˶ɽģɽ˲þһᱻ׷ջ󣬴ӶʧȥԭҳϣǾôͶ䣬һֱȻ⣬Ҳ˽½ӽ
ôֻһֿܣ˸ȫûˡϢȫû˵ɽƽ̹Ǵ֣˸ʵ޷óĴսı죬Ϣ˸ȫɵȻ䲻
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ŭҹ֮УǾӸµʹԶǺܳԿģǺ޾ɫȫҶСӪʣһʿסʣһʿɽϷ𷴻
ҶСطԾƶ
ĹηҶСȴǰװԷѾռƣǿɽµһԷϢظɵ˸ɽϵ֪ϱ߻жôյĲһȥشΨԾƶϲߡ
ڶԷҲֻܴ䲻⣬ȻûɱȻռȻ͵ط֮£ҲɱҶСҪȶԷ಻ס
ţɽʿҶСּͬȫǲԵäĿ˳ӡҶСһ£ʴ£ôܼߡ
ѽôӨӨԶȻĸף֪ҶСС˼һҶСϵļʸʹҶСƺһʱ亹
ѽˣزأӨӨŵûʧɫſʵ
ҶСû£صģĸǧĪضܣҪסĲĸ
ķ˵ӵźдû£ӨӨǧҪҶ
ԷȻ¹һģ֪ľסҶС죬еļʸҶС߼еģķ˱źѺϾ׷ʲô¡
˵ķ˲书ӨӨŮܱģϱ򶨵طأѴ齷ԼϣõԸߴµļʸ
ҶСӨӨŰҶС춨˶ַԸסʺ󣬷·ɽаΪӪð
߳ӦһͳҶСķԸʼ
ɽϣһʯԣżӰź£ɺڽʯȻһɫȫμ
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ᣬԶУ
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ˣҶСȳһȣӲݵϰγһ֦ʸ֦ʸû侢
ҶС쿴ֻʸɫԵüءһҴҸϵߣˣɽϵİ˸ֵܣ˰ɱˡ
ҶСôģ
ḧʸ˸ˣȫǱͽŤ˲ӣ
ҶСȻŤͷȥǱɱڹھȣǰ˸һˣȻȻӽϢͽָɵݱ¾Щ˾ˡ
ҶСĳԾ͵ˣҹɫɱδһҪܻüѶȻӽϢ书ܸһ֮ʵҲûʲô
ҶСЩȻ˵ͷǰ˸ȻԭɽԻͱȻƷɣƷˣһǧԻҲһֻҪȻӽһһʵҲǺεΪѡָ£һ֮սôޡʸ
ҶСöʸĵģֿµԷж٣Է˴ǽجΡ
ҶСϵóǾ󣡼ȷԹҲɽƵɱЩȫһģӵдȫս֡
ľж£̱ȹҪһսʱڵѾһٰʮ׵Ч̡һֱ۵ıȽϵĻִǹһЧɱ˾ֻʮףǿ硰ɳӥЧҲֻһҡ
ңʱ³ȲֻҪ׼ȹ׼ȷǰٷְٵУǹУԶ߾ͺͼһߣֱ
ټĺԶԶʽҲǡǡʮ׼ˣһǹͷǹھ͵̧ͷʮҲſУ⻹ڶԷվ£ɴ˿ɼ֮¡
Ȼκһж̴ҲȻӦĿ֮ڹطĸ˾ܴ׼󣬼ǿ˵ɱˡɱˡ
ҶС쵣ĵǣչļĺľҲƣȡ˴ҲôˣǹԹ˻ɽȥĺá˵۰ľ޷ձװǶԹ˵νġװʹӵġװһ
ҶСеԼԼˣ֪־εȡãʵ϶Էһֻʮߣҡʮ߾ϧؽίдģǴװţɽս֮Сնס֮ơ
ϧֵƵҪʣѾȫ֡ˣȫû뵽һˡ
С磬ȡ
ӨӨϹЩ۵ؿҶС죬ȱ䴩ˣ˿̰Ѫ
û£
ҶС磺ҵģǱб䣬ҵϸϻȥٲЩǣͲĸ;Լͭپ۰ɣ
ҡӨӨҪܾɱֵĿҶС죬ҶСҪǷֿΪǵİȫ롣ļټҶСµˣڲǶԷҪĿǰԱҶС졭
ǿҶС۾ߵĻֱ˻ȥӨӨҲȻȻЩԣȴҲֵأǣֻĵص˵ͷһ·Сģ
ҶСͷתݷǰ͵֣ɽأҶСĿ¶ŨŨɱѺͳ͢Э飬ԭ޷֮˹ңһȥָظ췭


49 ֮ı
ˮ··߳߹ˣǵ˳֡Ͻע⵽Щ߳еȥҴңƺͻѰʲô˻ʲô
ڵ׵ҲȻæµΪʧԵʶΪΥ֮޴ͻƷ޷ڹٵⲢǰ빫ؽ׵ϵ˻𡢸կ
н̵ո¶ͷǵ޴棬ټһЭ˰ţ˾ҶٻǷ飬ûĸկ᲻ӡ
ڻڵģڵϲԶ͹ٵǧ˿ƵϵٵͨǵƷͨƤϵǵĴ磬ͨǵĴ磬ϵƿشȨνһβ̤˽ȥ
޶ĽͣټϿԴţɽҶٵĽ飬ڵǲطȫСܣƺˮڵ䡣ƺˮھ˿ʧӰ٣ʼҲǵһ˿
߳ʵϵΰ磬ںڰ쵱һɴ˿ȴһƣڱĹͷҡ쳾˫۶Ѫ˿ѰңѾ켸ҹۡ
޴ʶ˲󽻷࣬ԼҴĴ£ۼ࣬ͷԹҲ޴λԿϢعۣΰȴֻܴӦɱݡˮ½ͷֹذ洦Կ糾͵Ӱ
磬Ъһ°ɣôȥƺˮ˵ûҵҪۿˡ
û£ΰѵɤѾȫɳˣ۸ߣյļֵܣĵˮı߷ļ򣬵ǴͿˣ
߷弤صǧҪô˵Ϊ߳һУһһȫƺˮɱĻ쵰ɥʲôϵ
һҢյĻҲǰ¶ԹͷϣֵﶼһʡҿҲû˼磬ͱˣֵҴڵģҪŴһֿʳء
ΰѿһЦҵƺˮڣ׷ʧʣչˡʺǷģ۽ΣҶǶиƵİš
߷Ңյ˻ҪȰΰѴϵ˵ˣɫϽŪԵģҺúϢһ£һ磬Խ̽顣ҹţѰôûûŶ˵ѾѶ˳˺ء
߷صشӦһԱѾлƾ͵ӣʼ췹ΰͮϼƵسʳһȥӱϴ
Ңհװ͵ݸһſڵϴֵܣΰѵ磬ȥ
ΰɫصذ˰֣СϪȥ
Ϫˮ峺ΰ峺ɽȪˮϴ˰ĺˮ΢΢ЩСӽһ£Ϧȫ±ڵסˣԱ𴦻ϼ죬˴ȴԵЩ䡣
ΰѻ˿һһ壬˫ۡ⼸ûͷӬıӾ׳Ҳɢˡ΢˫ۣʱһתĸо
ϡ䣬ƺֻص˵ʹһ̣
ӣԸ
Ҫȥء
ӺܵطԸţضҷǳҪҪֻɽ޽ոո͢͸ڹעǶ躹޵ʱ򣬲֪Ҳڴص⡭
ԣ޷κεİҪԼİ취ںվסţҲҪ·ֻҪҪʱʱΪãĴһ

ˣԶһ㳵ʽĸԦ죬ɹ˺ؼеע⡣
ڳڡлԼ޴˷׷ײϧؽƸΪõʱ侲ط˼ļҳǰ;۹ѡ˸ոճõ߳С
ѡûд߳ڵͬĳУռ˺·߳ɷݶ߳УҲһĴУֵַԵĳʽơʦȫǧˡ
ЩȫΪ磬ɣҾѣ¯ǧд󲿷Ҳԥظߡ
ҪԼݣӰںغƺҲˣһģӲȡϵҲûнκֱһΡ
ΰ뵽Цһ˳һöʯӣˮСʯˮһƬҡĵӰ۾ɴˮеĵӰȻ֧飬ǷӰһһվ
ΰѻȻףһ˫ϥڵأϹϾصӡ
Ǻ¹һЦתȻȥΰѼæվ𣬿첽ȥ
ӣ
ΰѸľУվεĺ¹ʩһ񡣺¹ӱ˫֣գĨϵԺ΢΢ƮҶСҶʮ߾󣬻ûɱ
ΰ΢΢һ
¹ֵСӻĺܣѾҹ̣ݸϻˡˣҶδǰͷ
¹תһ˫ǰ۾ΰѣҶСȻûɱ͸ˡԣıƻȼ
¹ӺȻȻǺ޲ҶСģҶСŶҾжôش壬ΪʲôıͻȻɵҶС죿Ҫţɽʵ
ΰشͷȥһعѱ빫ӷԸ
ţɽҪѾ֪ʱչһܼңȻǰ׷١ҶСһĶ̴
ü΢΢ɳ̫죬̫ǳпޱٿ֮һʵһ֣˹¼ҹ˵ʱҪɱ練ƣ
ΰͷһݣԵһʹ£ں˶Եס飬ȻʼĹӣⲢ߳У޴ûи顣
޴߳еĶңҶСֵܣ֪ʵ䣬᲻ȥ׷ϣӵ˼ҪΪնҶСĵֱһһ
ΰѿɬصӣ²ףţɽԹҪԻҪҪ
صһۣΰѻû˵Ļʱ˺
һֻ´Ҫ½͵ʱ򣬲ǵΰöеҪãסӣ˵ΪѾţŮˣѾţ룬ҶСԶҵİ󣡡
ΰѲϣ޴ӲͷƤ˵ĻһɱҶСˣαءαţأҶСһǿɶΪõѽ
һЦϧЩǲΪõģЩɱҶС죬ţ룡˲ţУȱǱԣҶСҪΪõˣҲҪ
仰˵꣬Ѿվΰǰһһ˫صĻΰѲѹ֮£ΰѲͷ­ӭ˸źâ۾
˭
ĿͻȻһԽΰѵļ򣬶ľԺ


50 ħ
ľԺվһˣһľŭ벻ţǱ߷塣Ӵһʳ˲ӣ߷֪еѹж⼸ˮѽӱ뿪⿪ΰѡ
һıܶеɽ·޷ģȫֻŰ·ǿ׳Ҳ۵òˡЬӣ߹˫ŲɰʯĵĲݵ϶ܻƣ͡
ȴҲˣһ·ϢҲŻܣŭзЩ΢ע⵽Ĵڡ
硭߷屯ߵؿΰѣص磬ңⲻģСֵܵ˲㣬ң
Сߡ
ΰ־£æӭȥСߣ˵ҡ
㲻Ҫ߷Ыˡ
˫֣ȤĿ⿴ǣͻȻɱ
ΰһȻĿ⿴ӣֻһĳлƣӿ
Цؿ񽥽ΰСʿĸ֮һЩʿԳ棬˽͹˳ɹɽ죬Ѿһΰѽ͹һأƵڶ
ΰĿȴ˷紵µˮ棬ɱ
߷ŭ㱳Ѷҡֵǣ㲻䵱Ҵ磡
߷巵񱼶ȥϰֵܸǡΰű߷񱼵ıӰܸӦֹȴ˫ţ粽СֵܣԾ
ۿű߷ȥѴɺϾվǶֻȻ˵һ䣺ΪʿӦףѵ³
ΰѵ͵һһˣиĸãһܵܺһСãִܾмͷĽһˣȫңҲʿ֮ԴӲҪԭ֮һ
᲻µĶֻҪܿţΩǴӡ뵽ǸСֵܣ뵽Ǹʮ֪ӣ뵽ϸޱ߻׵ͷΰͬ˵Ĺǣҵغһ˫ĵ
ֵǣΰѾǽߡ
ۣ
һѩĸֵı͵ع룬Ѫĵǰ¶ߣ߷屼ܵٶȶʱֱܼͣ£ԾصͷԼؿ¶ĵ⣬˫ϥһϥͷصؿڲݵϡ
Բ𣬶Բ𡭡ΰ׷ס˵档ûȥ߷壬˫γĵ
˫֣ͥŲ΢΢¶ɫΣһܻ֮еġ
磡߷壿㡭㡭
ҢԼ߷ĺӭ˹ǣϦ£߷ڵϣͷ­ش£ΰվԣгһڴѪĸֵ
һ˿ϦǵͷµһѪ˿һɫĹߣŷ磬ƮţȴδϡҢħ㵵һȴΰᵶվǶɪɪ
°ͣƬ̣صҵƺˮڵ䣬ȥ򣬵ȴǵֵܣȫˣϢ
ǺǡЦⲻ壬ʹ￪ʼɡ
ΰӾҵһ̧ͷ˫ĿѪ
ħܻͷô
еĵǧǱͷӵһ˿Ѫڱ紵ϣ

ˣЪϢһ°ɣ
Ұһô£ҶСȾѪǻҳıӵһߣҩСĵ˿ϣֻһ׵ıΪϣۼ˴Ϊһ·ϱ˿޷Ȭ̲סؽ顣
ɣ
ҶСɫǣǼȻڰ·֣߲ͭûж뾡ϻȥ
ҶС쵱ȻĲ£Ȼ·ͭǱ߱жĸڣʲôʧͳ޸ƼһоӰ
ҶСŽżվǣæҶС졣˷֣˴ǣˣʹҶСüͷڰüһ·ȡ͸ϵأ

أ߳С
δ󺺼һԡѪ˴Ҵã߸һȺǻĻơ޴ͻƷȻѶӭǰ
ңҡҵˣǲϿǡٱصģѹǡҲΰһδ˱ʹȥ޴Ͻ죡
ڻʦæΰѣˮĹ˵һţ˼ȥѰСƷɼ˼ϿԭУͨ·ɽ˾ȻУˮ·ǰʯ䡣
޴ӻʵΰ߻ǻûѶʯ䣡Ͽȥ֮·Ҫţɽĸ̫֮Ҳǲ
ƷɵǱĿģӦȷƽϢٰߡڼȻΰѷǵټ
ֵܶһۣͬصһж
Ʒɳ²˳٣ϴ˸Ͽ
޴ûкȥܽٻػãܣ±ǰʻٵҲܷ׳ǡ֪ͨţǰ迨أȥ㣡
ã
Ʒɼ˴ãţɽִӳгʮ׳ʦϿȥˡ
޴дһţţ룬ֽɩ漴㼯ᳵеʿ
бԼװԭڹɽУװǲɻȱԴ⳵УʵǼеĹܣвʦǻҲἸֹ
λկǳеĶ֮һƽʱȻֻ÷ֺ죬飬ôȴܲˣһٹ֪ϢҲѡ׳ȭ
һʱ䣬ྐྵٶս֮ʿٶɱڵس˴ɽ˾Ѵɽ˾֪غ鶫ŵòᣬΪҪԼϳ
鶫ææټչӭɿڣ֪龪һ˽˴ɽ˾һۣ˳ɽ룬ϿȥˣҲɽ˾ǳ˸ɽ̣ȻҪͼıɽ˾

Ϧ£ҶСӷ糾͵ظϵ˺أʱɫǡҶСҲǣ߳վԱߣվ·ԣڳ⣬ľӪĵ̡
ҶСϵ߳У˵˽һϵ顣Ѱͭ׿ͭʸȨԢչңչͶżҡʯңټϷʶܼңļҺһʵ
ļ֮УԲܼλʯ䳤˾Ϊ𣬵ڲϣֵܲλ˾ѪͳԶչչѾΪչ˰졣
ҶС˵֮󣬱ȥ׷ϴ࣬ʱȻī²Ҫ˵ɽС·ϱͨڵҪͨУֻðӵȴ
ҹܶ˽޷ߡ
ҹܶ˽Ӵ˳ߣ


51 
ҹɫںڰɫ޼֣޷ҹ׷ϣҶС߳Ъ°ٺ͸ϵΰѵס
ΰƲᣬŨصҩζҶСϸ˻ʧԼټĹ̡ҶСһþ󣬽ŵ鲻
ΰľþʮѵá಻ϧؽҲֻõʮߣ˿ĵͲˣҶСĵľǵӵдѹԵ
ͬʱʧԵʱ̵֮ǰ˵ȡ˾ǰ·дˣҲ˵ͨҶС쾡ܳ˲٣ЩڼȫŶдߺ͵һĸʺܴ
ҶСͷбģͨڹ֮ҪĹ࣬úϢɡ
ΰصôңȴô©Ҷˣ·СˡСһҪۿʧòŸġ
ҶС֪ǴĵԶҲǺǻмӣղ԰סҲԳüƲᣬǸȥҲ޼£ڳɡ
ΰѵˣһղһС˱һղ˿СͬȥɣֻҪС˵ĲҲȥˡС˻ֵ̧ţ۴˵г̡
ҶСԥһ£ھͺúϢһ磬ǳ
ΰϲصǣ
ҶСЦЦĹѪľߺøУаά֮ġ׷άȻҲҪϳͣȻнʱҪȫҲֻҶСſˡΪ˻ˣֻʸ嶡

Ʒɴ˰һʱɫͺˣƷɲδ͵ذӪ˴ѣҹ̲顣
˼֮ûе·ԣ·գ˽¿ĿİݴԹľлвٶ涾ߣһȼѣǵĹԼûӵĻж
ƷǸ⣬ΪɫˣòߢЩҩȼճɢ涾ߵζ˻谵·Ѱĵط߹һ˿˿ҹǰ
ƷѾЩױ˺ԣǱ˷֣ҲѴʲôжϵɽеȷعʣҲŸոձ߲á
жϳֻʧԻ֮һʧԵĻʵ٣Էȫ߸첻ʮа˾ǰЩصġôֲǷǳĶˣֻʲôط
һƷɸҪӿٶ׷ȥΪԷ÷ϧһҲҪߵĶ϶ǶԷӵĶЩȻҲţɽҪţɽɲӰĶ
еСҩģʮͰҩ
ƷȲ˸ȻƷʱ⣬Ʒһһǰȴֻǰ·Ȼ׷ϡ
һ·ҵѽƣۼƷɻ·ֹƷɣڵصģҶߵôѣЯôҹ·һ׷ǣٲһɱǴҶѽƣ׷ζػʦҹ׷ϣȵ׷
Ʒɼ½ƣô˵ҲԼЩ֮Ӧ˾ɽͣ£ݲݳ˵㶫׷Ъˡ
Ʒҹ׷ϣĲʲôжϳԷɽ·ֻ֮һĻﲻ٣û뵽ǣ֮һҪĻǡǡ෴ʳҪĻ
ȡﱾĿľͲڻԴΪնţɽҪһ򾡡ڽȡһΪء
£Ʒ׷ٵǵһ׷ϣЯ˻ǣһֱǰߣǹ滮·ߣֱţɽ֡
Ʒп׷ϣǻٻװУϵڶصأ䵱նֱţɽɳȦ
һʼļƻͲڻˡ
ҹɫãɽһʱסɽڣ˫֣Զīɽͣ΢Ц
Ե̲ţжôҪŴ˼ٿһţҪ졣ţһֱмɿ֮ţ޷ֲشʧˡ
СţĴСúӮҶϵҶĸ֧֣״ͻƷɶڼҺֵܡկƽ̳ɣȴֻҶСǰŷ
֮ҲһƺĹϵƺ⣬ţԳ棬շǡ֮ͻƽ⡣
ļƻͬʱִдɱƻɵҶС죬ƻʧ٣ҶСӣҶС첢֪ͼıԼеǻ֡
Уظɵ谭СóƿţˣҶСȥֳ׿ţ룬һлҵģڲչ⼸ҷϣûз
ҪʱʵϢǼܰһɵãܣʯͯҿߣţ֧ս֮ټϲڰеҲаȻԻ͵ĵһֻҪһĻᣬͽҲֹһֱȥֱ۷壡
ʱҶС˴߳гˡΰһٵҪҶСŪ˾߻̧ΰѺһ·
֪ҶС쵽˱أæ˽ǰվݻᣬִٵ̫ү̶򡣿ϧˣϵվʱҶСѳˡ
鶫ҲڵĲᣬƷɴ˴ɽ˾ʱͲľԱܳһˣƷɵ涼ûزã˵ǿһװ˴ɽ˾鶫æӾأϵûпԷıӰҵѳˡ
ʱɫ鶫ֻڶɺͷסȵùͣոزʮأ߷е̵ִؽ˴ɽ˾
鶫ֵطأϵͺǰһޣҶСĵҲˡ鶫ˣ߷ߵڶɿפҪطʲôʱ򵽣һȾ죬Ȼ󡭡ȻûȻˡ
ҶСܿ׷˻Ʒɺʹֵ࣬⻶ϲʧԵǰ޵һЩ̸飬ȫȥ
ʱ˴ӹٵţ뱨ŵҲϢ͵ϣϹҺڼңĿ޵Ѳʧ䡣
һУڰ滮չţ⡭


52 Īһ
յ鱨Ѿ˵ʯҵĵϡ
˵ʱ΢΢ü֮ǰ鱨ʾЩ˵λ˿λ̫Զͽ棬鱨ʱ뵹ҲЯŴʣûһƽ̹ĵ·ɹߣٶȾЩ̫ˡ
ǣȻЩɻȴҲֻΪԷ˴Щʲôر䷽Ϊ鱨ֱԵڼҡĸصĵɽôû©鱨Ȼ˵Ӧò١
ڼǵͷߣţȻڼկҪ۵ڵطϸٹ̵ĹϵĿ֮ӷӣٸǶʮʱ侭ӪҲϲϣǶٴĻۣڼϢҲɡ
ӳգȻǣҲֻšһ٣ʶǺҪö
ĸʯڵκܻҡԴҾǨչңܿƵֻұһطԭҵЩկ򣬶ǵ̫Υ
һɱҵĵ̣äϹչҺͲܼѾܽˣǼȻǵĶûɱӦǵĵͷϽսǿ»Դ
ԷԵǸУĻ޵ÿ˿ĽǶȲ̶ܴͬϻҪӪӰ졣оһӪĴһµĻڱɡ
ҶСֶΣƽǿϴƣϺͶϵӰ쳹ʧѾûܳгϵļʶ˼Ҳָѹת䡣
СеȳҶСǿƣѡǹأȨ޹أǵʶУΪعƽ̴ͳɽвǶԹƽġ֪ȻӰǶһĿȡز㡣
ԵĻЩƣؿϡţʱ¼ݹɷЩѾβסƣ
ʵٳһ塢ƿһı죬ԶʤҶС죬ǣճţɽҶСһִģսƾŸֶκĸݲǿѹסǡ
ʹָҪһĹ̡Щȫû˼Ŀܣп֤ʸָԼ󣬾ԥִκ
Ү˸еĻõصȻǲʣѵչļҾͻǵĹⳡҪ򣬺ǣ
еϳɳֳ֮˼ҵĵϣʧ˵ǿԾͽܿǻзóȻжΪǣ
зԵΪʶǿп𣿡
еⲻǿп޵⣬ǷмƣǷòʧ⣡
״ɫУЩϬĹеǻҩⱾ׼ǾӪꡢʯĳǱ֮õġУϣô
λǵıկΪľդľǽʯݵĳǱԶԶ磬ЩҩǵĳǱըϻΣʱηηβʱ񲻸Ӳأ
սڼҺֵܴ˿ʯµĳǱСϪһƱȴڣ׷Ӧ״ĻϪĦȭƵصĸϪԸһ·ǰȥʣǶ
˵ҶСţȻǹ˾һȵģ³ɷ֮ȴǵ֮ĵһһһɳΪһɼӴڲȻɽͷ
ɽͷںģǶ䷢չʵô󣬸ֲͬ뷨γɸֲͬϵеļеıءе⡢еڣͳ߾͵ۺϿǸ
һ̶ȵرͳƾһԸսֻ֮ݼ˼ȡκһֶҪӦʱϣá
Ŀǰţ𲽺ͷչ׶Σʱ߶ȵļȨԵڿٷչƿţʱж̵һ㣬ڲвͬЩͨڲһҵ֮
ҲûʱĳϣҶСǿֶδѹ˹ƽڲϵ˻ڴ˻Ͻһս
ҶСӽɳͷųЩˣ౻áϪҶС쵱ֻһʹãΪ䵱̿ͣѳΪһկ죬ĵ
ͨƵֶΣƽбɵήʶɽⷱİգɽһʶ⻨磬м˸ǳĵɽⶼҶСǨɽսԵȶ
ЩٴѳЧȻ»ûԵ̷룬ҶС첻ˣµţɽҲٲ񵱳ϳɽ׾ٵؾͰɽȥƽ̽˷ѣһɽ⣬һطɽ
һĻںܾúܾǰֹһγڹƽ̣ˣʱĹƽ̽ʹ¾ģǨɽΪҶСĲиŬͷٴγˡ
ͬǣʱĹƽǿҷԳɽԷŻΪɽһ˾ǽڳɽѣԹƽ̵˺
ʱ˻ɽĹƽŵͳɽĽŽȨַѵľ޴˺˫ԳܵģҲЩԭü򵥴ֱֶ
ȴȻҪţɽ棬һѵĹƽ̷̣룬ΪãΪǿ۰򡣷ͳһĹƽ̣޷Ϊá
ҶСڣҶ׳졢ƣ޷ӰֺҶСˣҲѡµҶϵ䣬ȻӿҲ޷ΪãƵĴӣĳβ󲻵ʱҲҵ۹ķչ
ǽռϷ磬ҶСһʣƽ̾ͻѡ½ˮһաֻ£ţɽڲطʱɱҶС죬ɹƽ̷ѣɽһɲŻڽ̣ΪΪá
ѡõʱ۹ⲻν
״ҶСʦү˵ǶıҶС첻ڣܿƵ˼ޣ̸ʲôӰƷɲڣȻڣܿƵҲֻоĴ콥ɳε֧ʿ飬ֻҪͷ֣ʱҲòϡ
ʱֵܾĻԹƽΪ׵ȴ󣬸СϪҮеСеȱּз߷Ȼת죬ϣΣ
Ƭ̣صȻ֪䣬Ȼ޶ԡСĵҲ޵ϷΪǲһ·ã㼰ʱأ¸ʧ
ҶС죬ͻطѡ񲢷ңֻǽԼΪһҵȴȱðվĳʵѡ
ĻشЩģɣɱϾͬģкʹϪŵԸһ·ʧԵʣ
ȥ
ľǲѣĻ㣬ϪϸһЩóù£е˵ĵʵ޵ԷȻ˶˵ǵĵ̸ûж
ϪʧܵҲˣһϪз۽ɵӰƱؽϣʱĴѣֻ¼ֲҶС
ǸҪǿˣҪҶСάţ룬׳󣬵ҶСʱ߱ЩǣԴȥٻʵľ
״һæȰĸˣʹãţ֮һиʲôʧ
ȻѾضԣϪһ·죬ȥǵĶ


53 ɶ׷
סǣһ·УȻǰһųУϲ
Ѿ˽ʯ侳ڣҪоڶʣڻڶʳʱԵ÷ǳҪȥأȫ
ݴ˵رͲʺսŴҲΪԶУ֧İˣʺսĿ࣬ʺɽߵĴ¿ⲻ٣Ҳܱ·ЩԳʣض֮ػء
һ£ϪӿٶǰȥƷɸһȣǰͷѾʼ乭Ҫֹǰ֧еĳӡ
һƥͷڷ˶ĿۿҲλϷүѹúʪף˿̻ճ·ͲˣĻҲǻӱ꣬ƴش׷ϡ
ƷɺʹʾɽʱģҵѴǿе֪ҶС췵صϢֻ·ϳ˵⣬ʱֿҶСһ·ȥˡ
˵ҶСѾһϲǷͬСɡ˵ҶСϧİ˻ûңлҡ
ȻҶСӨӨһۣҲҶСһͬƫƫһҶСɾԵӵҶСӵݡ
ҶС첻ţЩӣҶĸͷάŻѪ֪ͰԼţһӡ
ҹ˾ʱҲֹһλĪؾͳķȴԲ͸˾ǵɷ˼롢ͬУ֪Ĺ裬ҶСһɲǣҪϲ
ΨˣҪڼҶС֮ǰûҪľ֪ҶСӨӨ֣֪ҶСͬҶСӣ໥ƵʱӶ࣬ʱƣѡҶС죬ҶСͬѡ
ǺһΣеġпδĹʷλǧĴҹ㣬ߵŵʵԱ
ԼòӨӨʲôƣΨһԽλкѵĵطٳһı죬ԣһҪҶС콻һؽҶСϡ
׷ˣ
죡ɽصڣ˺ܿͻӦǵģ
ǰųеĿֵ̼ȺֽţһԱɽŲ·ȥѱ˶ϣǾûɼαװˣװһ߲񣬸ûصİ취
ʱôһ·ڡǰĵ·ͨʯ丮չҵģһͨȷɽҲ˸ķ򡣶ҲһɽɽһǱͱڣһڵ£»а
£ǼǰУ϶ᱻ׷Էɽһɽһͱڣһ£ֻխխһɽʵȺ٣խɽϱҲڲпסԮ
ǵȷģҲ׷õİ취һ۾ͿǵĴ㣬Ϊ˿ˣñһѶˣĶһٶˣĵҪչǰӭǾʹȥӣֹǣսپ
Ʒһһ˸ϳһʽڶ˻Եһʿʧȥƣ΢΢һ࣬ǰء
ɽխֻһͨԱ߾ֻܹһͨ޿ܶƷͷͷ·ֹ⳵ݣϧվбڱصõһȻˣҲûȡ
δһʹ֮£ӿٶȣһʹ˻ɽϿ񱼶ȥ

ӣ߳еѾ׷ţ룡ռƻյеĻᳵǰУ
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ӣţҲ಻סˣǳ˴ԼˣҲǱʯ䡣
ϣЦһգһѽҪǿҾ֪ģһʰˣοأαأ
ҡͷ󣬿ƲΪȻü۽ǶЦ⡣ʱ٣ȥʵ⣬ʱСñѡţ뱾ͷֻɣȻСõһɡ
ҶСǸҲڰֻǡǰֻ֣ΪҶСϲɻȱҪڼȻûҶС죬ҲСƿƾʲôҪţ
ӣӣţ׷ˮɽˣСĲɽ䣬ƺ
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õصǸµ̽ӣʲô
̽ګګص󡭡ƺǴСԴ׷ȥˡ
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̽ӱһʣǡǴС㣡˳øСһģһСľῴ
ʧɿ˫֣룡룡ȥʲôǵյأȥʲôΪҶС죬ѵ˵Ĳ
˵ȻһУȻĹ˵ȡ
ɽ䣬ƥ»Ȼӣ
һۿ̽ĺǵظϹȥһ֣ҲƵس˳ȥ
ļ»Ȼ׷˼еӣӣ
ţĶİñµը÷ǵĳ棬һͼ壬ֻ޲ñ˫ᣬɵ룬ãﻹ˵

ˣ㿴һõ˿һӣҶС
һҩģҶС첻ʶҩµЩɽʿʶЩҩģˣƺϺýҩҩģھС
һǿףˣ㿴ҶСһû¸䣬ض˱Ҳ㱻õǹ￪ˡ
ҶСԸΰѷ
ΰѱ˲ţһȳһյߵǰһ㼤صˣûʧԵĶЩֻʧʵ֮һ
ҶСɵص֣ΪʲôҪѶڴˣ
һۿ׷ýӲԲŰѶɡǸſճ·Ϊֻ׷ȥȴ֪үóټǳһᣬǳϾͱˡ
ҶСҡҡͷ˵ͨȲصúúõģһ¶͸֪ѺôණӲǵ׷ϡ㵱ʱ벻ձƷ׷ʱҲͨˣβҹڲ䣿թȻթ
ΰһȴĪһɣҶС̸ʲô飬޴ȴȻɱǼֵҲڹǿ²òΪʱɱЩҲҪڹϣҲȻҪۼˡ
лദ˼ĺֵǻţȻԸҶСΣΰѵǳìܡ
ҶСüҽɣʱ²ʲôƣȴ֪׷ȥһйҶСȻ죡׷ϴǣͣ£


54 
չұʮ·ֶ׿ҶСӵĶӱչȻʮ·ԬԬˡԬ־裬չ֮ȴҲá
˿̣չټļҵһ׮¡չڳչżȴ꺮ӵֵܣ졢ͩȥʸ̳˾һλȴ͸꺮
żңΪ֮ضʧȥˣҪҫȨû٣εǼء֪ܱ첻꺮Թ͡ĽɽڴǰѾֶͩԼǳٴֶнӹУʶ꺮꺮̳ҲϺ
ܼҵշֵܶˣû£˾֮λ䵽ǵõܲʯڵȴǸˡΤҵǱҶСֲСŮ˾׾˾ˡ
飬Τҵṩġ
չΤԵ棿
ΤҵȻȻʵҵѾѺŻʯ丮͵ǰȥԮˣ
һֱͼıϣδѣںزΰöӣصͼıʯ丮ֹͯһöӣΤҵҲľӪˡ
ֻͯȫƿ֮У˵ҪΤҵԭֻʯ˾ڵܣͨ籨ŰĿĽɫ۴ﱻֱҶСɱΪŮ˾ľ˸ȻϲһҪ
ҵλŮͯ˾̫С¶ĸףĸֵܣΤҵȫСŮ˾Բʸ⼸λͬ¡
ɵصΤϵܣΪǴδ˵¡
Τҵ΢΢һ죬ڨȻҲ֪ܷɹֻɳһЩȥ°ˡǾȻİ쵽ˣҲǸողյϢֻţҵѭٶ
ΤҵЩ˵¡ڳĶǴˣϾΤҵȫɡ
չļУʵչҺͲܼҡżǳ˼շڣڬBСƤһ̸⣬ʲôûʣ£ӳ⼸ˣֻҡźչṩݵô
ֻңҿ˴ʹ򣬽ұȫᵽչұ¡żֻˣչһԱôˣչҿûд̶ܴϾ͵ÿʳ
ҵգţʾ˳ˡʵ֣ԼûǻʳԻĿǰľ
չꡢ꺮µǷʱй¶٣ţ׷ᣬΤҵɻԴض
ȻΤҵԶʳвΤҵţʣǺܸˡΤҵҪǳ֮УȷҲʧȥ˶̵ʸ̰Ĵ
չϵˣǰӦ
ҴһٶʮҲܼҵһʿҲɳһǰӦ
չЦЦص֣չҵϣɳսԵչĳ̫ܣ
Ȳ˵չȵˣ
չһԸһȥҴҵչѭ·ǰӦɴͭʷȥΨһ·˽˻·
չԸˣŶ꺮ΤҵȻţ˵ãȻչҵ̣ҲҪ޻أλǲͬȥţ仨ˮȥģ
Τҵ֮չ˰ʾΪеͷͻģб£ʱȻҲֻܸŭԡչòױҲǲ˷һ
żңżֻжƤӵչͭʾôãǺȥ뼺

ӱ꣬ɳۣ̤֮٣ֻ֮һĨ᳾ڶƵɫˣ߳ĺˮ̽һ·ȥţδЪϢƬ̣㱻ԦԸٶȷɳۻʵѽƣ
ܸ˫Юһ壬һи١ͷҲǺˮ乣СڼУھ֣ŨŨĿ־塣
ֶģϧöӣҪٳţķֻһ֧ϵû뵽׷ʧʵͷ˾Ȼã
ӦãӦðĵ˻Сø书ţûΪʲôҪսСţɽ֮ţɽƾʲôСóսЩɱģɱģ
ܵһͷǺͷƤȴ쬵ģƲסĺֱ͸ƢԼµļƲǺεȵĶ󣬵ϵʱСȻǣֻص׻Ϊ
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ʱ£ţɽɽҹֻһǵļƣ֪ҪشԮֻԾãչұһɳԮʱʹȥӣսپ
ϪᵶԶսţɽͺ£˧˴ߴ֮¸Ƿǰȡ
صڵ˲ʮˣȻŵţɽ޷ӱƣ˼˿油ȴһһβ֧
ָ֧һŵ֣ѩκκѩΰһҲµʿ
ʿǽͷ˦Ĵײˣǵ࣬ûһôӻʿǴСҲİΪԲܵʿ
ճյ첵УȻҲ˽ʿʿֻһʿ֪ŲߵĹаţܿͻӦֻκѩһ֪˹ߵʱ򣬾ȼҩѵһʱ
ܹʧܣĻмƵĵ˻ᾯ֪ĲҲģֻܼϷߵڡ
磬ֵǿŲסˣ
ټһӵķϾ͵κѩԡѪսֵ˵ţӣ˻ҩ˻ҩ⳵ϵĻҩҩ
һƥɽһɳ۵糸ظʱ˭Ҳûע⵽˸ɽϣҲһɫӰӷһ㼲ӶڲݴԹľʱʱ֣·һͷݵĺڱ
ֻһˣһˣƾ˫ȣٶȾȻ˾ˡŵٶȣ񱼵·ڣۼǰڼսĵ黹ûг֣һй£ʱġ˫
Ҫ书ܣṦڱ´˵ԾϢĵټ⹦ĿһҪ˲ϲʵҲδز
һУǶʱ䡢̾ڣһı;ۣ󣬶˾ǻΪܣٶȿ񱼹ģ˿̻û̱࣬ѾΪɹˡ
Ǻ˴ڴڵشϢţ裬ϵҲһһģһ첽ȥһף𣺡ٺˣǰթ


55 ȺӢ
䣬޴Ҳ䣬ǰĻҪ˱һֱںעǰߵս
ܷʧã޴߳еĶӹܷûʧʣսֳԶ
ǺһעĲǣߵȻֺˣεٴУ
Ǻ˼ٵغţȣйŹ֣зļıٺˣ
һȻϻ׽ȵϪˣ
໹֪ϢԷʲôıһ˷ԸҲԥشеƷɣ
Щţ򽻵ʵǸ򽻵ǻıᣬȻͶءȻ˶ԷĻȻҲ֮ɡ
仰˵˺ˣʵֺγΪİ˵һ仰˵ǣȨ˵ǡ
ȻˣԾҲˣҪ׷ĻҲסҪʵ׷дͷĪѯʾ
˼ͣ죡ҲϺˣ¶ƣԻҩԸǣҲȫ
Զʱɫ䣬ϻסˣһһȻĸѾ˵Ļô˵ĻͲ֮ܵˡ
ʱҩӦò㷺ԭ˾УöطİհǴ󸷼ʶˣδʶûҩݱϱҩĻԶһЩټϴ˵ؿɽٵӦûҩӹ㷺Ժܶ˶֪ҩĿ¡
޴һ沦ˣһ泶˺УƷɣҪϹ죡찡
ʲôսеĻƷ޴ĺ΢΢һ
ϪͬùŹ֣ۿҪͻƵˣĸΪˣƴӣºԥһˣ㽿ȵȫˣ
κѩѰлȼ˻ӣۼս˵ľҪȫɽȴͻȻ·ȴд󼱣Ҳ˲õȴ͵һƳ񲼡
˻ҩӣһգҩӶʱꡱȼһһ۵Ļײԣ죬ᵽҩζŤͷһʱ󺧣Ȼ֮˶ϱ֮ʹ磬ʲô
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ϪͻƷɵԶ峵ϷʲôǶ֮о״ķӦȴǿԻĻƷǻȣˣ
һתһ˵ֵܱ㼲ӹȥϪҲ쳷쳷һȺ˫ȣ·ڡ
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һɽ䣬Ѹޱȣ˽ʮȵɽ䣬ƥΪ̫ܵ죬ټϳ;ۣͻͻȻͣסŲȻһͷײȥ
ָۼҲסսǰ㿰µɲǣȻһΣȻڿն˫һߡ
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ŤͷһÿǼͣɽϵĳм£ϲȵҪ֣˵չ˲ϲṦѸɵ˹ȥ
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ӿˣҲһƬеİҶƵķɳɽ·ɵͱȥ֮ҵĺը̮ʯɳ£
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Ŀģûע⵽ԶµǵӰ
ըһǱѽƣĺ˾ȻãȻԾ𣬰ǿѿ¿ѹſµĴһͷȥ£ͳͳſ£
˵׷ӦݣӦԵĴʩҲǶԵģһ𣬷ӦڵأӦǡõģȻӹ˱Ĵ٣ȴҪӦҷɵʯͷ
ЩȭͷСʯը¼䣬Ƿһײ壬ʱһ˲ֱӱըȴɳʯ
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סҶСһ̣ȻףǶƭԼĻԡڲ֪н٣Ѱú

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ٴ˲üͷһ壬СĲǲϷŹѽۿҶСȥٴŤͷ˶һۣʶӻͷʣ˵׷ȥ
޴Ȼô˰
ۼ׷ҶСȥˣ޴Ȼһججı飬ȴɿӹһ˿֮ɫɲǶӲ㣬ôϹɵӶƭƭǾĴ硭
Сֶٴ첽׷ҶС죬ҶСعЦЦؿٴٴҿսҶС죬ƷɺԾ˿
ٴȻһЦСֶȥǣǼһλִˣ
ҶСĿоâһٴֻһʣϾ˺ٴݡû뵽ӥͼı֮ԾȻ˳ԶλĴˣȻӥڴ˵һ׮
ٴҶСȻɫ΢΢һЦҶСֶ֪Ϸˣ
ҶСü಻֪ݣ
ٴĬƬ̣Ϸǳ͢ˣΪȴ֮ܵ̽ףй¶
ҶСҲ໹Ǹûĺӡ֪ʵǴޣԭù֮£ܲɣ㻹ǲô
ٴ΢ЦΣҶӣֻҪ֪һˡϣ࿪ġ̫̫ƽƽػţǽնǻº粨Ҷմǡ
ҶСĬĬص˵ͷģһ㡭
ҶСŶĵڴɩĲ¼һȥ׵Ӱƺ͵ĸˣĸͷϵİ׷Ҳ⡣
ɻˣû°ɣûΪɣҶĸŲҶϵ΢ЦţŬάŸ׵ϣҶСҲܿĻϲ뼤
ҶСһᣬرȥĸĸʹĸȻͬˣͬǣԶŮİ䰮ɽ
ҶС͵ɩƤĴֶãھϱһٵ̣ҶҶĸǵСѲεһССͷһС͢ˣдѵĹҪ
Ҷĸֻضϼǵõլȫһòͣ뿪ˡҶСôɩ͸ĸ˺լδϸǰ棬һ˼ŤͷԻƷɵأ
ƷɵɩȰ˵ʿ䣬ȥ̽սߵļҾ죬ողϪɩӲŻ˷
ҶСƷһۣƷɩ÷ǳȻԼ뿪ʱ䣬ţΪ˻Ʒɣ飬¶ôŷ̬
ҶСĻƷɵļ򣬵ֵط꣬ͷϸĹȥɩ
ƷɵͷҶСסȥȻ˵һС֮͢ɱϾƻʵͷô󣬿Իʵۡʺһ޹סȻҲס
һͷ͸ҶСͷ˯Ķأ˯Ƕô
Ҫæ죬ʵľ취żҲ޶ʱʱˣֻҪʱ˫ʵæ͵֣֣ϸ


60 һ֮
ΪҶСʽӭȢҷˣȻҪסڴݣҲ˾үڵססȻһһªӣС¥һū͡Ѿסټǰߵĸǽȣһͽ
סڴݣδסҶСң˵Ѽˣɷδáδס׵ŮӶֵģο
ԱһС鷿ģκС飬һֱţĹ뷿䲻󣬵Ȼģѩ׵ıһֻһݣżϼڵĹŶγһֶصζ
ȵľ磬סһ̤ϣϪԱߵĽϣΪ¹˿ڡʱҴææֹֻѪЧͺãʱڳҩ
Աױ̨һḷ̌ɢѾµıѪ߰ߡһƿ򿪵ĽҩɢҩζһҶС߽Ϫѽһæнػˣ
ҶСЦЦȥɡϪ˵ֱۣҶСصϪǷһȻ£ҶС߹ȥոĽ¡
ҶСպҩƣز˿Χ࣬ǳϸġѽҩȥСĨȣΪ֪Ǵ΢ʹ
һдϣһѩ׵ıΪ˿ڣֻʱȻǳСģֱڴƽعȦżӴԱ㴴£
̷ǳȻҶСȻ£Ȼذֱ۴ԼϣΪҩ;ǶϸܵĽë£һ˫γ۾ʱʱϷɿһ
Ůҵ嵱Ȼǲ˿ģ˵ݷԭͬǡǡϸմͳ̽ŮӣĳЩԭ֮صŮԼҪĸߡ
ɷ򰡡Ѿ˳ɷһˣԣܵĺȻƽ·𱾾͸ˡֱҶСϣסϸڱ۴һǡ
ֱ۷ǳֻһŤȵ赸ֻĻ塣ҵշŮ洫طʹֱ۹⻬ӨʤѩϿһ㺹ëĺۼҲ举ⲿ弫ײƤĵط
ڱǺеĵطҶСһǣԾʶؾҪֱۣҶСµͬʱѽ߬סֱۣƶֺ
ӣͿҶС쵭Цݣ𶯣ʹ
ǿ򶨣ʵϱһǣֱͨ˵ģﻹʹĸо侲ĴݣǴСϿѵı£ʵľƴ˿̵һ侲
ǿ侲գ˿ҲĨ̺Ȼ𣬴ӾӨ͸⻬ķɫµطģͿĨ֬ЧȻͬǲޣ˿˱һ¶ȥĸо
ҲڵЩӣˡҶС˵һ䣬ҡͷǼ檷֮£ࡣ
ҶСһЦùһֻ裬˫˫£ԼԼϥϣ۾ݡ
ֻһ䣬Ӻݸšׯ侲Ǽ̺ߵô˫˳ûгȰҧҧӸ촽¸ҵصã
ҲߣҲţҲǴ󷽷شӦһá³ڣһ׷۹۵ζƢ
ҶСΪϲǸرŮӡһ˫ŮӣȴġʵϣָһŮ˲˫ģ
ҶС조ٺ١һЦһˣ㲻ࡣȺúϢ°ɣȥЩ顣磬ͬȥ
ãݺңңկиɽȥߢҩģӦҲˣϽһȥɣ
ãǺǣ֮ǰһûӭȢλҲݡɣݾţķˣʱңңŮ䲻ͬգһңȻҪμӵġ
޶Ǵˣ̵ֻһԴ𣬿ɲ֪˶ݵĹͨ
檣ƽȵļ֮ľ磬ûʸμӵġֲһԵ֮檣ϵҶСһ֧Ҫ䡣Ҫʾˣжζλλ֮źþԼıݡ
ҶСǸδݵɿ檶Դǰ檵ǲѣԴӳΪ˾ʸ̧ΪˡֻûţˣҶүͿԷĵشһĺ
ҶСǱҶѲҪѺ;ʱִٵذţ뽻иģ¶ӡʱҲȷһ£ǾǱҶѪͳŮңңҶʲôݡ
ЩǴլ¶ҶСƴҪһҪ£ȻҲҪԼ뷨֪
صͷҶСһ˵֪ζԴݺңңˣһȷĶλڽĺءȶҪ
ˣҪ
¥ϺȻʱɫһݡ
ҶҵլײýģҪ£ᴳˣ֪ҶСĸڷжҲٱǡµĽҪ̶ѾһС
ҶСȻҲ壬ȵ
ҶС컰䣬ȲŽһȭˣҪˣ
վɫЩšĿǰޣѸ޵ҶңʲôɲҶС콲Ҫģǡҵ¡
ɫɲʲôϲ°

ҶСֻص·ڡƷɴ˺δ뿪ĸֱס˸ҪԷչұ˸̴ɱλĸ֮ɱҶС졣
ⰲŴһ٣չꡢ꺮˱һѶˣһʯҵչұһĶֵضе˶ˣչұڻҲûıȨġҪɢġѩ޵ġָģҲ칦üĿʱ˿Ļܶǹв
£һһ˶ߡ˺ϱľ޴ʯʮǰڿӣܹڰῪˡ
޴ʯ±ֻ߱¶棬ʯƿ󡭡ʯѾ״ֻһЩɢӣǿԿһ˵״
һ£ָץסҶС죬ƺֻҪһ֣ͻ̱ڵءҶС챧ס磬οּ࣬ʬδѼټȷϾˡϪˡ
ʱĿѾλãȻ˫ϥأ˫֣ѪȾλ͵ץһɿذţкȻ¶ѵ塣
簡
һ˺ѷεʹδ˱ʹȥ


61 ȥ
һТ޵滨ꡣҶСֻεӵ磬ܸڰ
ȥߵᣬҶСֹҽô죬ԺΪܵиС๫׼һˣΪ¡
ҶСæˡҪҪң
ҡҡͷŸջƣţ벻㡣Էؼ壬ӡ
ҶС˵ͷǺãϰ˻ȥ
ԥһ£ЩҶС˵Ĺϵһʱٶ̹ԡ˿̼ڷִ֡żμѡһȥʱǻزģЩ»罻źá
תױ̨ĳȡһĲӣݸҶС߼صĶɾߺٿأʵɾ֪Щ£ȴʵڲɾ
ҶСĴ𣬵Ȼô˵ˣҲõ򿪣ֻýᣬ˵ͷ
һȺףΪ֧ĴС㣬ûȥִ֡ܿ뿪ˣֱ뿪ţ룬ų˿ѹڼϵһɽұῪˡ
˲˽һЩ׵Ĺ˼Ϊγڱըֳ˶ֻǺްٴһϢȥʾȴԼµ˴ֵ㡣
ҶСǸˣȱ벻ҲܻŴȥصס֪չļҷ²УһдˣҶСֻǹ˲ʣͷһ֪ࡣ
ԣѡִ֣һȺףҪӡҲǸҶСֵʱռ䣬ŪʱȥδӣǷԸӭԼ֪ذ⡣
ĿɽȥҶС쳤˿ǱᣬֻƬ̱㱻סˡҶСһҳһҳطţԽԽüͷ壬صĶҶСµĻӹͿ¡
Ҳ֪Ҫɷ˵ֳĲǣŪⲻˡ֤ȷ䣬ԸܵҶСйصÿһ׮£ʱ䡢ص֤
ҶСҪȥ֤ļأ֪ȷʵˡҶСԽԽŭԽԽǰգ޿̣ǲ˺ϡá

ҶҴլһ۵УҶСһ˫۾شӼɨ
άһԵظ߾ŵƣлֵһܣңиûжӣֻһ÷ʮ㡢һͷʮ㣬ֻλǲҵٲҵ㡣
ҶСЦȴ԰һŵģֻϼܻûˣҶСһ𱦣ׯңͨɱҲץһ𱦣䣬ҪһģУʵѾֱԼĵǮˡ
ϲȥǶĲȤϲŶԷţǵǶʱԷһŬΪӰֻоɥǻĵʱ
ҶСһֱãһֱ䣬ȴ̩һѾȻץһԺֻ֮ǰµעߡ
ҧгݰΣĵƺݺݵץϣ˶ȥ˫죡˫죡ҶүǾͲһ˫ˡ˫ػ˫죡
ҵȷ˫ˣҲ˫ء˫죡ҶСһɥȴĻŭţ̲סЦȴһԡ
ҶСץ𱦣˧ϣеƻûȥžͱһ߿ˡ
ҶСȻ̧ͷȥͼͳ챦̳ſڣһӣȵͳͳߣ
ҶСȻ̣Ǹʲô
һȺɷĴ󺺳ȥάܵһѾžߡҶСץһ𱦡ȻǶֱ˶ߣ̷Ҫʱŭȵ̣㾹·֣췴ɣ
̰ŵͷҲأ˾֮ץάһڹƻĺѣ
ҶС̵ֱӰʧſڣŻԼУ𱦰˰ˣòץһ𱦣Ȼûл
άл֡˱ҶСǰҶС챳˫֣ʵ˭ά
άŤ˫ֵʿǰһѺҶСĿ㶢άϣҶСҵֳֽ񣬱ĸƣһʦѣҲ㡣ϧ
ҶСĿһ䣺㲻֪ϧƫҪһѣԺζģɫֱǴ˸嶾ȫ
ʿǴάƾά£ҶСˣ´ѳġǰƾţ˾үʱֽţƭǮơ
ãܺá
ҶСЦ˫ƣǾ͸Ҷȥ˫֣
άɫһ䣬ֻΪ㱻ҶС췢֣ҲһԶ룬Ӵ˲̤ţһ֪ҶСȻնȥ˫֡άƺʱҶСǸ٣ϽʵۣɱᣬһԶ
Ҫ˾үСҲթƭүǮСİǮ˻Ӵϴĸ棡˾ү
άδˣһҺЩҶСĻִһ̳ɣǸɾ䡣άӲ˫֣ʹιȥ
ܡл̳֡ϵһ˫ֻ֣սս亹졣ҶСһۣȵţ룬ҶĳͿǵĹͷ
ܡлֵɴ⣬æͷشӦһ̶ˡ
ҶС쵭ۻڵصάӳţ룡
άߣҶСһ̾ҶСǴլȥոջ֪жҪ¹ذ֣ҲֻҸһУȫֳϣһ׵ֵܸ顣

չҴСĸӵԺѳչĵطټһԺ壬ԺѾҰһһԵس·ܾû˾סģ
չ˾󣬲δĸøߣȴӴ˾ڴˣĸŮŲʣĸõǮѾū澡ʱ⴦Ժ䣬·һ乬
չڳŻ𣬼ҩɰڣģԭֻǹ֯Ů졢ȫȻѾѧ󷹡ҩ첹ѡ
޷뿪ΪಡĸҲĸ׻⹫ңĸײϡüȻ޵չңչҵˣչôԴҲû뿪չҵĵ
ĸǣĸײ뿪Ҳֻ£չ˶ಡĸףİۺ䡣ڵٲǵڻʱǸֱˬʵСˡ
ҩˣòŶɰɴ棬ҩ֭źҩĸ׵ȥųȸոߵĸſڣȻǸѾò˳ֹŶӿһˡ
ɩɩò塭
չȻվסͼɩɩһȺ׳ǰͷݣ޵Сã˴ĪҪԹֳΣҪһѽ


62 
ۼɩɩǰĨģΪȣæҩһϣȥɩӣɩɩʲôôˣ
ɩͿԲҶ˾ΪѡҶ˾ܻ׽ˣǧ㲻ǣҲһˣֻܾˣɲֲš
ɩҲʵжԲסĵطҲΪ㣬ʵǺܹġҲչҵˣһôֱŤҲˡȫϣһҪ
չɩ˿ధпԭɷ򣬹ĳ𡭡ϱǲôġ˷գҪɹѸˣͷȴ£ȻҪΣ˵ҶСһչ
չɩɷչ֮ҶСĪĸϵҪ˵ҶС޲ʳ⡢ƤҲΪǡչҵһĳӾֻʣչһˣչҪˣһô죿
չɩչ˶ӣ⼸Ĳ꣬굱ȻҲԵ˾̫ͨƽʱ˳λչǿУ˻һ޷еȫεĺʱΪչϼ
ܼҾǰ֮һ֧˳û۶˴Ȩھͳˡչչֵܣչ˾չĺӳҲǼóŵᣬ֧˾ԭȫҪԵˡ
һȥɷĳһ뺢δĴλȨ⣬չɩֻǵطޣҶСҲҪѴչȳ
չЩӱԺڣϹӡӣһȫȻ֪ﲻȻҶС죿չұˣ类ץȥˣ
չɩչɩ֧֧˵Աһλ֧ĳ̾˿չʵô¡
ǳΤҵȡţʣԴΪʹҶС첿Ϲͼȫըǰ󾭹չ˵һ飬չʱ
ǳɬصչҺͲܼҡżҡҵȫץˣڸ嶼һŻңҶСûǸ޷
Ҷ˾оɣֻ棬ϣҶ˾һ氡Ͻͻ˾áȻҲϣȰ˵̧֣ĪҪչұ
ǳ߻δ䣬չɩŭ壬ϺͿ˰ɣʲôȻߣҾ֪һİͲչز
չɩתǻȫˣβܼȰ
չĳһ뵽ĸزչȴԼĸŮһԴȱҽҩѾ澵־ٶֲǻԹޣһɩɩ壬ҲˣչңھͬһϿһˣΪĸԶ߸߷ɣҸչˣҪȥҶС飿
չɩû뵽ԼΣչȻܳɲȻŭŮ治١㳤ôѵǳչҵ׳ģѣ㾹ԹۣϾѪŮˣ
չɩˣæȥչɩ䣬չɩȻһ˦ڵһվָչıŭչҵˣչϼѣܾȶȣ棬չĪ
չǸӲӣ̬һչҲʹӦˡȴչֻǱԹһ£ԭα¶ôһ˵ҲŭЦʶؾȥЩֻլ̺ĸʳӣǶ̽Яչڣɩ治һˡɱչ˭£ֻ

չͻȻһϵչæתȴ㲡ɫƵĸſʵŶʱ˺صģ
ҲҶĸ˿
չ˿ԼҪɩɩڵ֣ΣҪ
չǡ
չŭȥ
չߵض˶ţתߡչɩϲæɩСçײһȥ
չɩ˵ţչɩ˸ɫչɩʱףǴɩȥලչɩæӦһ׷չȥˡ

ڳڣӵţڳڵŵҡӣʱϥͷ
Ȼʹ޳һһεػҸǲУǴС󣬳ֳǻ΢
Ҳԣǵֳ飬ҲûκĴ㣬ֻغߣκ˵ĽӽƸ֡Ʒչ
񣬳ȥңܲʹãϵᣬƿ˴ϵһֱڳĵ
Լıˣƽͯңռʶ룡
һȥ
ѾȥܸȻܣжΣԴӼ֧ѡһܳӵֳܷΪϼҪ͸һݴһƬĽɽŴҲ˺ЦȪġ

Ϊʲôڣʵǳˣó˷ʧȥǵıȴѸٽܣָ侲
Ʒ͵ؿֵܣ˵˫ѷϣɾһзϣǶָ߸ϵɣʹģҲһرĸ߹ʡ
ƷʯͭɱɱΪ᲻᣿ĴܶйѲˮϣҪΨһѡ򶫣Ͼ˼£ĸ˭⣿
١һĬֵ꣬޸ӦĿǽҵϣ
ͷԺˡˣƷҲԲеթȥЧңȻԼҪһɣΨһܵĹͬĿֻϣдʡ
Ʒ͡һЦôܣһʮСŮӣп뵽ĺͼ־ܿ϶ԼһУܿ϶һ谮ˣܿ϶һھƤӵ½Լ
˵ͷʮ빬ʱҲֻӦܵõʵ۵ĳ谮һɵݣʱƸᣬ㲻ˡ
ƷĵһЦʹ˵ʡҼ޸ΪңûѡҰ䣬ǰһ֧䲥ݼ£ܾܾ֮
޸Ҳֻǹ̳裬ΪˣǧðټҵİֳΪұΪˣƼߴ˻Ϊˡһж˵ʱҺȻ֡ƺ¿ˡһҴӲ£ȴƺлᣬң
Ʒ˵ţŰԲ°ͣǰĿĵ
侲صӦҰģ־¡֧Ըȫ֧ΪӹҲţ᲻ֶεذȥҵһ֡
Ʒü˵ûҷ֣¿ֻʣһȥпɵĴҵѻҵǰյľҸôܼȲ˷ݣϵĴҵ
Ʒ￴һһصҷǴѲ㣬Ҿ뵽ˣһᣬ׮׳١ȫ¶϶ˣҿ֮͸¶㻹ŵϢмϣһ棬ٻΪϵһԱЭңյϣ
Ĭã¶һ˿Цݣˣ˽ģһЦãҴӦ㣡ҲҪӦһ£
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Ѿˣһ͵͵û˼ǰһŵϢֻ֪ϣԶܣֱײģ


63 
磬άʲôѣǴȥƵҲˣߥЩ⣬ڿ㣬㣬ѵ㻹󽻷డ
ҲСӣѵң
ҶСŭصҶС죺ҵѣ˵Ƿࣿ˵ǷǷôˣ㽻ЩҿŻ˳أѵҾͿԳǣǸߣ
ҶСԽ˵ԽָҶСıӵҵѣ벻ף۵ҲֻܱѵңȻûеѵ治˿ĵûж˫ֵҶ˾ô磡
һᵽάҶСͷŭɫʱ
ճ˵ȷʵ̫Ϻ罻Ѳã̲㣬˼Ҽû͵Ҳû˺ҲˣȻ˫֣ȷʵ̫ҲԵ
ҶСôˡҶСı鲢ϣôôĿǡ
ˣ鳣ݾǸĵطΪ˾ô硢ӺϼӳʹȻЩݣ˭Ϊ鷳
һʵǳ¿֮ҲࡣЩϢĵνֵܣ˭ԼİһŵӦ֣
ҲǡǡΪϵֲӰȻҲŽʱûд顢񡢴ӹ֮ʵûУǴɳ̭ˡ
һҲȻͳߴ۲ţҲսгΪյʤߣʤҲΪݡʱͳκĵÿһˣоصá
ҶСͳμôһȺ֮ԥϴȷ˵ڼҺ̰īܣҶСԻԼӪȥҶС֣Ψһֵܡ
ҶСףѰȥҲ󡣵ڹݣΪëǳһŭ֮ϣĹͭʵһ֮ߣѾˮ¥̨½ţ룬ݸػивѧɢʿͶ
ɰٴܳκưԣⶼһĹ̡ʱԼİżȥʲôӰ죿Ȼдвѧ˹㲻ǰԥԾǧйǣҲһִҵδɣֵܵӡ
ҶСֲάȼŰԽԽԶ䵽޿ɾҩֻܰһأȥά˫֣ԴɱһӰ١һоҶС޴ƭûȡô߻ú˼
ҶС첢֪άݺ浱ֻǾֳۣξͻء
ȻҶС;ԼҶСһĸͬ塢ģһģһɾɾȴ֮𣬾ЩԱԱ˸УҶС򵥴ֱȻܡ
ҶСȰ磬ѵ˵κǿ֪ѣȴƭȫǮ添ֶҳȥˣ磬̫ҺʶЩ˵Ĺ⼿ǼΪᣬƣʵлɳá
ҶСͺö˶˵添ʲôǣ添ˣǷծǧԶţ׬ǮһϵģݶһӶǵá㲻һһѡ
ҶСŭˣȵ磬㲻Ҫòã£ѵΪ㻹ծ׵ܵܣ˭ẦҲẦ㣬ѵάǰˣҲԼֵܣúɣԴʶǰˣԹٿֱǴƭ˶Ǯ
ҶС˵࣬ųŭ˥ֻ⼸ǡðˣϴʲôɣôˣе¶Լõ⣬˵޴ܣ͸ɴֱ˵ùĨָɣ
ҶСǲҪΪʱҾͲ㣬ٷԣҶС¿ԶַˣӣŭҶС
ҶСҶСͬ䣬Ҳ࣬ޡųСʱַСˣ۸ʱ򣬳ǾĵܵҶС棬׸ҳӡ
һҶСֵܵϰߣִֵܼܵĴҲָֻļζУҲҶСܣѾӰ
һҶСҪֵ̬뵽ľҪˣûܴӮܵܵ뷨ѳֲĵһֱܷӦһҶСŭҶСʱˡ
ſȥһһߵ磬ҽʲôѲܣȻɻؾǣҲʲôᡭҶС˵˵ſڣһ̶ˡ
ҶСŸȥķ򣬺޺޵һţôôʡģ
ٿһӰĴɩҶɩЦضҶСֵܰǧСʱŹӣЩ
ҶС̾˿֪ɩҲ롣ҵ׸磬ҲôֻۿƭãʵɩӻȰȰɡ
ҶɩǿɬﻹܹҶСֻӦ֪֪㶼ΪãĶĵ¿ηΣȥȰȰֵ
ҶɩһЦ˵ţһߵ˳ţ׷ҶСȥˡҶСƵشӷгͼشԶһҶС죬״ϼӿŲߵǰҶС칰ֵ̣չұ̡
ҶС˵̤ǰһѹչ
ҶСĿ˸һ£һͷϼӿŲǰȥ
ȴ
ҶСתʵô
׷ǰǶչҾǰӡΪؽ֮õľûᣬɶҪôˬȥչĻǺǣֻԾԸˡ
ҶСһʦүǹݵһϹĦġɹƭĹ򿰳ϼѣô˵ָҶСľͽ̣ʵкָ̣
ءৡһǡҹɵһ״ӣ˼£չչ棬Ȼöչľ飬ϣ̿չͷչô̷ǲأ
⡭
صһЦֵѧµòǴȻ׼չ󣬶̿²þܾһͷչչֻΪ˾սĹ취
̿չϷĲȡǾǻɫǴӢΪңչ˵飬̻ܵóԸͷչΪӭȢչţȴǰӡ̸ؽ֮á
ҶСеô֮ǣ
ϡȥҶСһҶС˫һȻͷеˣҾͲ¶ˣȥŰɣ


64 ֶ֮
ţɽ˿ʮֵ֡ʯҵˣҵС˾ףŰСĨһη塣ΧżλгϣҲ֪ںҪޣڻˣһҶСε
żҵڶ棬һɫľȻλТȫҲǵܴ֪ͬôڸſֱΪɱӽ׵Ǹӡ
ż겻졢ͩȥ꺮ֳţɽĽֻлԵһ;ӾȻżҵĺ
ǶһľȻҲҪȸ׺ֳǰͲ촦żҹȻûˣɶԣȴǴĺ¡
ܼҵûˣ˵ڲ걻֮󣬲ܼҵΪ˾֮λѾòɿֱܼĻв硢ѩֵܣѲԼͬط˵õ˾֮λĻᡣ
Ϊ˾һּջ󣬿Դӹݳ˸ҶС죬ò˾ͳһݸ߷յְҵܼѾһ˾ʵǲðա
ѩֵܶ˾ûȤһȴȻܼĶϱֵԼķĴﶬֵܶ˾֮λΪԣķķڲֵҲҲ֪Ƕѹ磬Ǵ˶졣
չҵվڴУʵλܶ࣬ǴµȺ򡣵չȻҲ
չ˿̷ǳѾܾûмҶСˡЩӣкò࣬ҶСб࣬˽Ļο塣
ʵչҶ̸Ȼ֮ɺܴǴչ֣֮ɩɩΪԿ
չΨһԭֻĸסĸ׺ʹС뾭ѵͬĴҹ㣬УǸڸġ
չԳɣȴĸ׵İòίԼЩ˵ԼǡһӰֳʱиոһϲȴǴʧǲ˼ĺҶС죬ʦү
״һ¶棬Һżҵ˾ͺһΧȥľȻҲľȻˣеҲˣһţʵҶô˵
ҶʲôʱӼǣ
żҿģȰǼҶ˰ɡ
λλ뾲һ
״ҡӣ˵һɨǻصĿæúܣϾӼǡʲô¾͸˵ɣĳ˵Ŀ֪ʲôҪ̸һ֪ͨǡ
ڳ˾ᡢͷˣݼˣ״ȴһһĿˣξͺñίǡгسһܵĳСɽȥ峤ȴڼӲ¶棬ɸĻȥݵظǣǴ峤̫æûռǣʲô¸˵ɡ
˰׵״ȴһƢҲûУС˾ֱԼ˹䣬Ǿ˹״ͷصȮӺͿܼ˹ƻҶΪУΪʵáʯԸӴһΨҶհֻϣҶ̧ܸ֣Ȯһһ·
ТȫҲЦصҸܼ˹ƻҶΪУ³ӦáҶ˴˴ְֻ̧ܸҪͻҸ֣ҪʲôǶӦΣżҴһ˫һֻ֬ƿһԡ
ܼ˹ƻһĶ˵ܼ˹ƻ󣬼˭ţǸң˭״һգݵصǰ˵ıϡ
Ҿ˹ТȫԼͬؿչչĹĵصԲ۾ȵǿʲôѵǼˣ
ТȫٺһЦﲻҪᣬ˵Ȼ㡣
Ҿ˹ӿڵչչ˾ȴǹ㡣ҾǨ㣬˭ż뿪ͭʣ˭
չɩŭȵЩĹεĶɥȮʱͶչҿధھҪһƵչͷϲɣ
Ҿ˹Тȫˢˢתأϥص㿴ˡ
չɩʱᡣ
״һЩҧһë飬ĳûȤТȫ
ТȫϽǰһЦ״۰Ͱ͵ģһ͹ڵ׳ͷ
״˹صǴ˵ʵ֪ͭҲΪɣǴȴ֪ͭıʼżң御˰ɣżôԴǴ˵أǺǣزҶ˵Ҳס
Тȫͷ亹ǣµȷżòԣǡ
شĻ²ҪǴ˼ãǲˡԣһΣżҵ֪֮λó
Тȫ⣬ɬȻ
նصûҪţϢˣһӦ
ТȫӦ仰ʱһ̽ʵǼҸ֡
صǴѾѲˣ꺮ˡȻ⣬ҲΪż֮Ǵ˵˼ǣ֮λӣͬʱǴ˱٣Ϊͭʸ֪֪ͬΰ
״һҪżҼٻͭʣһ֪ͬһԱżҼãӶǱĬĨɱżҶͭʵӰ졣
һʱʱµżңһʵԸҶΪżңԴݻϸǽȻͬġ
Тȫֵ̿⡭⡭ĳ˵мҸڣֵõĳĳֻһӡ
״һֻۣҪӦǵţȻȫ֧㡣ҶҺڼ֧֣˭ҰϼλϺȥ
ТȫһʱĻŭšλʲô֪ͬһǧӣ͸ȥӽף׷ʳɱճֵ֤ˣ׵ȥ
ĻТȫǻƻʧȥĻᣬҲ˲óѿæúúãֻҪҶ˵֧֣ТȫԸΪ߹Ϲᣬѣ
⻰Щ飬ǵʱ𱰽׼Ũô˵ʵҲôؼµݴ˧žʱҲԳơ߹
ϵָһӣܰҶСϰżһ֧ᣬ͸ΧƹͼɱҶС죬ϼҶСȴҪԡ߹Ծˡ
״΢Цףã˾롣
ТȫԱߵС鷿̯źݹģТȫһһȴѲżһͬչͼɱҶСԹ״ڶ͢Ϊ֪ͬƾڬBΪ֪绪Ϊݵ¡
Тȫ亹ʱˡݹֻҪһǩ֣ӴĪڸ׺֣ȻҲкܶΪͽǡǡ
ûϣȾָϼ뵽״ĳŵǼһͳݣʲôϵܳΪ³ΪҶС߹żҷĵ̣һңڡΪͷΪţ󣬺ȥδӣöô
ԥ˲һյĹТȫҧǩ֮֡ͭżңһ𣬳׷Ȩٹ⡣һҶСͭʵϲǻһԲľš
ͭʣӴ˱ҶСĺ԰


65 
Тȫٻصʱ̬뿪ʱѽȻͬ״벽ಽظš·ôߣôУλôţܺ׵ֳ𱰵Ľ׼Тȫ˾Ծִ
״Цػ˾ţĹ
ТȫܳæҲҡ
״΢Ц˾ˣţȻªЩ羰Ҳ¡˾ڴ˶̻ѽҼҴ˻Ҫ̸ġ
Тȫһһ˾ˡüЦȻţν˾˺ܿҪʵһְֻ֪ͬ٣ԭ붼ΰɾͣеȻֻлϲʧ䡣
ͬТȫż״һһ˾ˡĳƺТȫºȻ֪죬ܰТȫΪͷˣɼǵݵλԶТȫţ£ȴҲҶ˵ʲô
״Ȼ꺮ҡıɱͬʣ񼫣Тȫ˴ףԸ٣ż͢ҼҴ˸ϣԸͭʸһ٣͢ТȫΪϼ˾ТȫΪͭʸ֪ͬͬάͭʵط֮ά֮ƽ
չҺҵ˶ţеͭżңǳˡżһᱣһϮְλְֻżҽΪΪҶСҡźСආ
ż˵һجģТȫ˵ȴ˳ӮҡТȫţɽ֪ţ߸˵ر˿ͷ
żҵЩ˹Ȼкܶ˶ԴΪҲТȫֻһҶС쿴еĿܶѣһеҶС죬ͬҶСԿôûУǾֻ͡
ҵˣƷǹĻԻͣеһȡָٹ⣬еһлᣬͻҰ
żЩˣȴûһ־֪ݣһ壬ÿһ˶ܱɾݣɱǣżҺ֮УϾݵֻһͩѾˡ

״ТȫЦеתλС˾ͰľһֻС̵Ϻ꣺ǺǺǺǡ
״δЦӶ¶ˣ˾뵽鷿ҼҴĿǰæ˾̸̸ǺǺǺǡ
С˾رЦŵظҪ˵ԱߺȻһѹŭ𣺡Ҷʲôʱܲôæ
չ޿ˣԴվͷ·һſѹûע⵽Ĵڣչһŭѹѹڻɽ㱬ˡ
ʲôʱܼҶС죿չ̤ǰһŭ塣
״һۣһ죬ſչһˣԭչҼǵҷѾ˵ˣǴæúܣϾӼˡ
չɩæǰЦչҵĴСչչ˵Ҷ֪ͻԸӭġ
صһЦǺǣĳѾҼҴˣĳӴҼҴ˵ķԸ
չɩЦһչȴһסչɩһֱΪչչҾܺҶСг𣬵ҶСΪȴ޷ҶСǸΪĺӡ
ţֻҪƣͿҶСԭͷչджϣչɩչɩŲϧ𽵹չ¹󣬿ػش𣬱ѾʤȯյչɩȻһʧء
չ˵˵ҶС֪ˣȴҪӴң
״΢Цףǣ
չΪҶСôίֻϣܵõҶСһοĻһӵû뵽չѸһ⣬߽ӵص쵰Ҫ
ɫһԣţɽ֮裡
һŭʿ̤һչŭͦŸҪôչҶСԶ֣չһüͷ
չɩϽм䣬ЦҼСò£Ī֣Ī֡ͷչ˸ɫٶתأĵصȻǺ̸Ҳһġ
صţɽ֮£ȻҶһԶĳֻǴ˵ʦүϳ´ı߶ѣֻǴ˵Ķ䣬ˡ
չϳ壬Ҫǰȥ类չɩǰһЦǣǾ̸̸
صܵи󵽰ɣǵŰɣ
ת˾СŮ޶أЦеص˾롣
ګګؿأǣĸ׵֣һӵı顣صľ˹СصҼ˾СЩֻ²רϣȴ֪׿ɷͬ
һҡݵص޲ɣ
չããҶС죡ģǸ쵰ҸӴκιϸ𣡡
ȻòҼҴ˺͹Ҳûʲôϸɣ
չûǻ࣬ΪܵõҶСǻ˭ȴܴܴ裬վֱҪ޵ˡչ˵Ȼתȥ
չɩ׷ȥصǽˣͲֻһ仰Ӳ˩סչɩ˫ȡ
չɩˣԭҶСչĹϵչɩѾһЩչҵ̸ֹ۵عҶСһӦٿ
Լ̫ˡҶСһ̺ȨԵ׷ôΪһŮչòչУѿȫ֣κһˣҲŹŵĺûɡ
չɩʧվУ˾ľ˹ĸ뿪ֻ֪ԭѲѣҪԼ̸еĵߣΣðչȳ򡭡ȻչûշҲҪˡ
չһ˫ƳĴȣŭس˴첽Ժ⡣չʹ˻תչұոճԺӴţ̲סˣæԱһۣսһƬӣסһð
˼ίû뵽Ĳĺǻοȴ裬һưˮĶˡ
֪ҶСչѾлⲻĳޣĴ󲮡ĶֶҶСϣڴֳҶСĽǣŮܾԩͷծ¹Ȼ֮ĹϵĨһӰȴڵ˾ľء
ҶС飬˿΢ϣҶС飬ʹӲʾˣʹչ˿ǿ޵øγϡ

Աһֻ֣ļ磬ǿæᣬǿ̱ŤͷһͼҶСЦеվǶ
ҶСһǳƺ˳ڴʣڶȴһҽУһ㲻һһŷ𣬱Ѿ


66 ž֮ս
ҶСϣʲôʱܱһЩ
չشһ͵Ĳߣһţݺϣʱ磬͵ҡҶСҽһˤһƨڵϣյýð
չüҶС죬һѽŭҶģ˵չǿ㣬첻㣬ն
ҶС촭ڴЦ˵ɲɣʵҡ
ʵƨչһҶСһƨڵϣҲŲҪ쵰ƭˣֱŲҪٱƭ
ô󵨣ҶǴ˶ֵ֣ǣϣ̴ǡѲˣһĻȫУĹǶʱȻŭǰչΧסǹꪺкȥ
չȻһǻߣּ书¾㶼ǵıһʱ֮ҲŲ
ô󵨣ҶҵŮ˶֣
ҶСһĵʱˣſ˫ȥƶЩкȻһҶСǰЩչǴһߣرС
ҶСһѱסչеʱһͷֱۣۺ׳
ҶСĵڶоǣۣβýʵ÷еԡ
ۡ
ҶСԺۡžġۡһ߲ѵһƨײȥһԲʵ̵ͦƨɣҶССϣЩϢĸо
̵һԭ˼ڡΡȻǴεķʽڳˣ˼ұͲǳЩڳ˵ľٶµǹꪣƨȥ
չȻһתͼҶСĲϣĿɷŭҶС졣ɭҶСĲӲԾһսһֻ˵ԶҶֶŵġ
ʲôʱ򡭡չŭ壬ֻ˵һ룬Ȼ𵱳ڻƴҶС췢ĴӴ˲ֶŵһĻ
ýЦҩĴ׽ŪҶС졭
ۿżޱʵǰǱӵҶС죬һ¸ҵԼְİ֮ľȴ޷ˡ
ۿҶС˳ǵضʱȻұԾ£Ļᣬұڡ
չһᣬֲ
ҶСָǽСŲӵԼɵѾͷҿܻôǶɩӡչ˿ģ
չһ˫ʵۣʵΪʲô
ҶСȥᣬٿôأͦÿʱЩŮζ
ٷϻ
չĶѧûСˣҶүΪչ˽Ļ˭չһ̽־šסĸ첲۵ҶС조ȥ
չŭ˵Сʲôıƣ


Цú۶¶ˣ˾ûУţǿݵĲٿѽ
صĸױߵص֮Ȩţ룡ñ֮ȨҲţ롣˰֮ȨҲҪţ˶ܡֻ˾֮ȨţҪҽܳ͢˾ϽΣһ֮ȨҲߣһʣʲôˣ
״ƤЦⲻЦصʣ¸ݡְƽ˾֮Ȩڳ͢ҲΪ͢и
صľ˹ŭţҪ͢иǶ֮أ֮֮Ȩ͢ôͲ³͢𣿡
״ɫһ䣬ô˵û˼ˡûг⣬ǾذɡŮ˾ɣҶ˷˾ءǹ¶ĸģǴ˴ȱΪҲΪˣʯһ̫̫ƽƽġ
صľ˹ĸ״˵޷ţĲַң¹ȹأˮɽµڼأûҶСʾ⣬ҲŹûɣ
⻼ػס˾֮λô֮ǰ˾Ҿ˾ΤҵвŸļơȻⶼΪΤҵһָ㡢æֻܾҲ
ûΤҵֻо˹˲ӵϼһԼĸŮ֮ܰﵽʲôС˾뱣סλӡ
ҶСҺزҪҶСάҵĵλһ֮ͬᡣ
صĸصʵ̫ˣ󷢴ȱ
״ЦˣǺǺǣҸָص㲻ߣҪδ󷢴ȱأһֽ飬ǱŸ밲ȫıϣǲúÿһ¡
ؿףֿ˹ҲȫȻû⣬Ψһࡣ״ָһֽԼЦصݵصǰ˾ֻ谴ӡ׵ġ

ҶСĴչϸ˵һ飬˰ɣҪȢ㣬ԱļΪۣһܲģظҶ̸ϡҪǶҵĽּɣ˫ӵ
չؿ˵ҪչҶĵ⣿Ҫ쿪ˣôܣҴ󲮡ж֡
ҶСĻûʲôǲܵģֻҪǾҶչҵĶ鳬ԹͲǨŭ㣬ҲԹң
չչʲô飿
ҶСлչΣ֮УݶȲȵù󲮺֮ȻǰչչϼҲҼֲϷȥԭ򡣡
չôΣ֮գ
չһ䣬ͻȻ۾ҶС죬չʲôҸ㣬ΣչˣչѾôˣҲ۸չң
ҶС켱æסļ򣬵ôأ㱣ֻ֤Ѻһʱ䣬Ҳ֮ΣչҶʲôֽţ
չչҴ֮ΣִӺζ
ҶСһʳָմһָ

룬ʶ룬ʯ丮ɫɽ룬ɽɺϵǶԶΪɺϵǣɽ϶һ˾
ʯ丮˾ͯҵ˾լʶʯ丮˾ٲܼҵ˾լ
˿̣һ·ӹ뷽򳯷ʶ뷽򼱼С˾֮䳣оףͨСС֣˾ȨܹԼ߸ϵĳ͢Ĵڣע֮䲻ᷢĶ
˿;կİģȴһ֧ģǰδӴӣǧսƺƵ;㶼Щ⺷ʿɱӯҰ
ʯͯңввܼҶ񻢣棬λʯڶ˾ʵʵڲܼ֮ϣֻΪвǣƣԲ÷ӡ
ڲͬˣҵ⣬ͯѾͶӦû˺֮ǡܼѣڲȨһɢɳͯŹû᣿
ο˺ҴСֱַչң費ȡǴԣͯ˾ֱͯȡʶ롣
ʶֻĵһվҪЮʤ֮񣬳չȺףֱȡչұɣ֮λ޴ǣͯүӵȻɡ
һսͯͯүӶΪ̤֮սһսҪžһǷʶԶչұǣջƣ˶顣
һ죬Ǿա


67 ļȥ
Сһ塢һȱϣһݸġǿԶû⻼Ļҵκһǿ󡢸ġûвĴڣܲ⽥˥䡣
ĳ͢ļвʶ֮ʿܡǻڰ֡Ǿ˽֪ĵû侳˭ڰ֮ʼձ־Ĳжżһʶ֮ʿοܻڶ簲еˣ
ڲܼ˵ʯ䣬ܼһҶȻҲǻʶǲϣҰĲһأܼڵսҲ޷֡
֮ͯвϻ񣬶вϣ⣬ʼܵʸ־ϿƣԻ൱ս
ʵձ鷢ڰ˴ռ˾˼ңѾûзչռ䣬һֱȨܵѹСڲĸ佥ʴǵ
ʱλǺȻսͻȻ֣ԭޱȻԻ͵İ˴Ҳˣֻʣͻ磬ʧȥͻļݡ
Ĵڳ͢һֱǵʩиʹʱʱܵѹڲֳӦҰļң·ɳȺһ㣬ǲòԴԻܱ൱ʵ
ͯʧȥ˲ϵ⣬һչֳ˳ܼҵʵܼҼǲϣʱҲҪѷͯңοܼĿǰѣڲȨȻһɢɳ
˳֮£ܼҸӲǶ֣ͯҷʶǳ䲻⣬ͯʱռʶ룬Ȼһ죬ͷʶͳ䵽ͯ
Ȼռһʶ벢ζų˲ʶǲ˾ͳԦʶʧݣζŲܼĳ˥䡣
ϣ˾ȡᣬݺͷˡͬϼֻҪһлҲ沢ûλʱֺĺֶμȲŭҲԣηڲܼҵЩܺȨɲֻ֣ܰѳ޺ͷŭСȴȻˡ
ϵİ䣬ûеõ١Ȩ֧ԮͰ侮ʯ߱ȱȽǣͯҵıʾӭоȻܼĴͷˡСͷˡԶݡ֣ע˲ܼ޿ܷ̣ܼҵĳǲʵ
ͯڳ֮ǰѺĽڶǿУͯҿǴûкԣһֱйעţ˽ǵһһĥһӮøɾ䡣
ԣͯҲ˿ںݽɽȥĲϲǰĿͶչҡ׷ɽսʧأܼҲֻܹӲдѣѾʧȥ˲ӵ֧֣ɽһ춼ȥֺαɷµȥ򣬵չҡ
ͯҺҶСԼʵطߵԼʯҹţҶңʶܼҹ鹫ͯң֮չұ˫ƾ£˭ռо˭ġ
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ƼתлֱȡչұСĴ۾ȡƬͯ᣿ͯҲҶСȶչ֣ԲŻȲȻܴĦõҶСĴ㣿
ţҶСΪչĻ᣿ӹɣͬʱһ죬һ漯ţװµѪֻΪȡİŮˡ
ռչұţ룬һѸײ֮Ѹٳɽ֮䣬ûκһ˾ĴҰսӸݡ
˵ӭȢͼĹϵ취ġҶСֻѺչ˿ûȾָչұͼûгҰס˶չұߵ¹ȹҺˮɽڼңҲ
ܶŷ޴ϳһչұһ֣а֡ʱҲ·빥ռݣһ·Ӣһ·վ
Ӣһ֣ϳӢܻܿվǰ湥°֣ΪСǣΪӢѣĴ㣺
ռ֣˰֣ѣվԼʱܶѲӰ죬ȫѵˡǰѵĶ֣ѱֻܼŷܷӵ÷ԶԶڰѰֽԼѣԣѡǣã
أӢͳ˧𼪶ۣ˰ֲŲӲԾٹﵽ¹ȴ˰ִӴԽǧŷޣӶ硣
ҶСٵľ浱Ȼܼڴˣȴ֮ͬãͯδӾɱչұʱֳˡ
չɩ޹չҷΨһõչȫʧЧʱҡչҺĳԱüһã࣬׷ҡ
˳û飬һ޾ҲһֵΣ֮ʣչ˾ֳҶСĽչұѡһλͳ壬ӭѡ
Ȼ˼Ʋã簴˾֮䷢սĴͳ˾ӦĿǰѣʮۡʮѵбѩ޵һ졣
ȻҲǿӲɣߺΪ顢ΪȫҪȫ֮ţһս
һսţʢʲô˼ҾһսȻչҵϵݺܸߵչЦһҶСչҵĿǡչұö˶˵ģǵͼ޻ҶС죬Ҳǻչұ𵱳в磬ǻҪţһսչҰĻô
չǺչɩһģ˵˴˷Ľչδ뿪չϼæŶ۸ԵţҲ˹˼չⷬ
չĿһʵ壬˵Ҵ󲮵ͼ޻ҶС죬ʲô˼
չ˵ɱչֻΪչ˵չڻϪдһ£롣չ˵޻ͷָϪдһˡ
չѾģչʲôģһǲ˴ɱҴСôչҺԩ޳ɱҴСʲô
ΪɱҶСȡòȴֲԸֱӶҶС죬ţķ񱨸ɱС㣬޻ҶС죬ҵֳ
ϧ첻ԸС㲻ûǡɱҶСȡ٣͵ʴף˷۱˴ٳҺţĺɻ
չ˶һֱиĽᣬҶСѲ֪Ĵ̿͹չұƵƵչҷѣĲ²ŷȻˣɱҶС졣ԣɵҶС졣
ҶС֣Ծиڼ壬ϱֵĲôԣʵһֱǾᡣҪһԭԼɣµʱȻʣΨһĽҲ⿪ˡ


68 һϷһ
λͷˣ²áͯҷչұѲʮˡĿ࣬һҶͻȻŻŵغһ䣬жʱ
չȻΣصѻ˵¹ȹҡڼһţҶң
ǼҶܻضүͯңͯңͯҰ
չֽеܣм仹һܼңͯôܴһδˣչɫٿ䡣ܼңܼڱչһҪңͯܳֻһܣǾǲܼˡ
ô컹ͲܼҵӦ¾氡˿̣ͯѾɱչұ£ѵһ칦ܼҾˣͯҴٳͲ²ҳûǵĺ·
һɲǣչͷԺбɿܶµ롣չסˣչһĸìܲչϼİС
֮ǰҶСͶ˵չҵвչұǲܼңܼҵͯңͯҵǲҡһʱҲδҶС˵вָ˭ѲܼҺͲҶɵˣһֱ̲ͯұԵࡣ
һңΪвǶʱڻᷢģû뵽ǰŸո̤չұ˼Ҿ͹չһ߲̽ͯƣټȥǿ
ûӦͣչٵ˶Ŀ⿴չһصطĸȥɣ˳Ϸ򣬳ֲʩ
չһɫѸͺѪĿչͬһһȥĮǲмһˡչн¶ʧ飬ս˽ش¡
ĬĬתųصĽŲȥûȥ߳ʱϵǴ̶
٣壬ĵܻᣬ곤µĴڡɲΪֶͰǰͷչ棬ŵ
ʲô˳㣿չʲôʱֵˣչɵһ֣㵱Ѿ˲ɣ
Ǻǣ϶ǲӣʲôҲϣ꣬౳Щչ״ѵһȤ飿
չɩеǵҵĻûأǾͿʼ˭ˣҸǣ룡ǵҵˣжӣӡˣչֲָֻţ
չѾţȻУмҵʱĶУǴپͷȻΪȨҶᣬǻ롣
չȻ⹫үԶ˵һ⹫뼮⹫˵ִĸףһᵽҡʱȻȻؾ˵չĿǰΡ
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ⳡĵϰߣǾܽ١ⳡªϰģȻңĹУҲֹͣЩ˺ĶϰظԴϢ֮
¶ʵⲡ̫أŲȥأ
˾˻ش𣺡ŲȥǾҪʤ찡һС΢Ӳдܼȥһ˭ӣͭʸӣܺô
⹫˼ʵڲ̫Ļĸ׺ִ֣չôԴҲԹ޻ڡȰ⹫ܷдţȰסʱ䣬ɢɢأ
ǺǣĸײСˣֺںĶҲС˵ǹִҲáҲգ֡ںĶмһ˵ġǣĶ˵أ
үӸ˫֣ڵ⿪ȥطļ壬ܶ඼Ѵǧꡣǧÿ꣬Ҫڣһ󲡣ˣͻø񡣴Ӻ䡢ֵڣҲõִһʱˡ
ʱ˿̣ٶȻүӵⷬ¶չȻʣ⹫˼Сһˡһ壬һһңڵĿѻڵİ֮󣬻ıײͻʹһϴĹ̡
塱ŵùȥܸķչ㲻ȬⳡҲܰѻ۵ıײйһ£ӳʵǻ£ǿѹơֹķġ
ҲҶС졢ϣڬBáӦЩݵˣǼ֮֮ȴϣͼıǹаǺǻǶӦ˶֮ͼҵ޸ֶΡ
չҰɣΪ˵ǿһֱšάȵĻԻֱͣͷŷ˵ĲһڲѸ಻һѪĴôȥߴ澫
չĿǰһУ⹫ҪҪһ飬Թ۳չ֮ǰңҲһԭ

ү˼Ϊһû֪һȷˣүӵѧڻ֮ѧΪΡ
Դ۹սⰻȻĹ˵ҲͻʵΪΣʵΪΣǲһ㱨Ĺټŵ뷨ҪΪҴϻ۾ʢӵ뷨Ȼ㣵ġ
ʵ۱ΪžͳӰػʺһΪܿͷ֣ݽһ¨DDĹټŵ
ԶžһǿԵ͡ǿһͷġСǿһδŬȴʼ޷ѣԽԽ
֣ԽԽᡣʱȻġȤҵһĨʻɫԸ١ʵ﷦ζĵһ˿ȤDDյӨӨ
ȻŮȴҶСҰֱˡҶСӨӨãʵǺһֵˣһʶΪǻʵۣµˡ
£޵ģ
һֱôģҶСݺݵظһǶ⣬ˣӲģͲġ
Сű׵գһǱĶؿʤСӴյСﳤȥȴʲô¶Ĵǳء
ߵһжһž֮ʻ۵˼£ˮһˡ
·ݿʼϱ̷˺ֺ⡢ݡ鱦ȸش겻ֹƯû󲻼ͨݴ꣬Ưװǧһʮʯ֡󺵡ϴꡭ
ƺذļ˲ľƽѳǡͬٵصİ˹ʵ۴˷ָؽоȼáһֱ³ո⣬ֿʼˡ
ٷ٣ٷȻڦ٣ͬʱǾȻоһʵ۷ѣ̫ӡַǨ뾩ǡʳĸÿճ֮ϣ֮ڶ
ʵ۶һʹϳԣһ˵ϷھDDһֻˡ


69 ҳ
ҶСĿ޳͢ʴȣֻĹٶδش˼𣬷䱾ոջصݱ֮ˣץ˲ܡչšļҵ˾ھȸ״ˡ
ҶС״չܡšļҵĹģߵؿҶܣһƸ̨ɫȴȻֹ
ҶŨ罣˫ü΢΢ţ۽˵βơһۡһҳָֽȴ÷ǳȻڼѹŭ
Ҷһ⽮սɳϳǸϲŭɫĻжʱˣΪ˽⣬ټ˶ŭ̬Ȼٶԡ
Ҷܿһۡ൱һⱨֽDDڲΡϱ߼¼Ĵǳ͢򡢾¡ʵΪµĴ󵱼ң˽ȻҲᱻµķΧϱʱʱĻе㻨š
ʵһƣΪ裬ϵžһ٣ָ浽̫¹һ£ۡ¹Ա
ڵʱĴޣۡطҪܳʱ䣬˿ҶʵǶʮǰľˡ
ҶܴʱĶǹڴ۹Ļʵ۱µϢʵ۶ݵĽɫ䣬һǿҵУλġδĻʵۣȡһּ˵ıʩϳˡ
լлʵϳӹլ¶ˡǡͷۺڣˡҩ֮Ȼͷδֹ
ǣȴһ֮ɾɡ˵гС̫࣬Ҳ˴󷢵Ӱڿ£˴Ʒöھž֮ʣ˾ջ
ǶԻʵ۾ܾϳֲεľٶзŭȻ᱾ͳһʽľ¶ǻʵټػҪ󳼣ڳ֮ġǣѩƬһ㷢͢ɰǧɽ
ֻλ첮칫ܴпֶߣʵһ֮ڷΪľŸ˶ʵٶеӨӨ߱ӡ۾ϡ
ڱʵҵЩС̫࡭첮ĺҶСû˿֮ҲҪŮ˵ζΪӡȴҶС׾ٵرܵӣ־зйĿƺͷŭ
Ҷ˵һΪΣԻʵԸʶΪȻʹġŭشһӣѻһæױƵĹ
Ҷܳ˿̧۾Ի絭صʲô£
ϽҶСǷݹֵȥˣţĿҶСʱ˵һݹ
Ҷܽӹ۾ϸؿţſͻȻһ¼죬èһ㣬˽ǰҲ˵ͰѼݹŵϡ
ĿһƣʱһʶȻıСѭ졣ѭǿ׳죬һмһ˵ӣ翴ơ
ѭС˸̨ʦү󣬴ţͰͶظһߣʲôҶС첢˰ţżţȺףҲ֪úȥδ˰
ѭһһѵһߣ޵ûˡ˭ĶõģȻԼʵʵˣҶСˣס
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ҶΪһ⽮˾һץʦү൱ڲıư൱顣ڵѭڸ̨ŰݵľǲıĽɫǵڵ̨ܸţŷ˵ǳȣȻһ˼ΪҶС¡
£ոհһҩݵ˸̨˰ǰѭϼݹϾͲµضҶСйأûĵСӣûô
ȻѭݵҶǰͭϵТǫ̈̄˹ϼٺıͼɱҶС״һʯ˾ع״Ĺ
ͬʱТȫݽһ£͢Ϊ֪ͬƾڬBΪ֪绪ΪݡʯԸ˾֮ȨϽ͢
Ҷ֮ǰѾӵǺĵţ֪ҶСѾӦϣͬԸҰĲӦҶСӦȻδֱӽ֣ҶСҲ߱ͬӦֵʵվų͢Ȼͭʡʯصֱ仯ϵڹݵսԲ֣ҲҪѹӦɳſռһؼ
ʱ⼸ݹҶȻ֪һеı󣬶ҶСƶҶܲ΢ЦΪʵ۵ĲҲࡣ
Ѹĺصɳ͢Шݵһöӣϧܴɡڿȴʧ֮磬֮ɣܡ͢İѺصШݵĶӣʧˡ֮䣬ȴһ¶мһӨDDҶС졣
ҪúãɲˡˣҪúࡢܴð
ʧؿ̨˵ɫת磬кòɥ̨˷飬ѭȻ˵鷿ʱ簴಻סѭѭ죬һֱŪףɾ֮ףҶһ򲻱Ϊȴˣ
ѭ챾վס磬Ȼڸ̨ߣ˽⵽ೣ֪飬ѵ㻹ҶС磿
㿴͢͸̨˶мӣ㿴ҶСͭʽ꣬ΪаΡﰵ֧ǣӦΪӪ˾棿
򣬵õ߶ı٣ĵΪʲôǲףںʱ˳֮䣬Բͬľżһֱã̫ų
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ƿԣѭҡҡͷﳤȥĬĬıӰ͸ĺ쵵ӳϣ֮ǵӰԶȥʧ
ѭһֱڻϻţΪʲôΪʲô
粻ϵʣһʵͷᣬûΪŵĽͶȫɣʵ֮ҶСκνӴʵҲ֤ˡ
֮ԲϵҶС죬ĻǵҪΪʲôҲֻΪһ㣺ҶСųܵļ֤ߺͲߣֻҪ˻ڣԼǺεȵĲ
ҪҶС죬Ϊ֤Լ֤ôųôܣֻҶС쵹Ľ£ʰġҪܵʵҶС죬޵ݵĹȥ
ȻΪ˴һĿģڵΪѵͲªĬĬصͷббӰ紵ӣᶶţӰȥһûйͷĳӣǰĳª
Ҹúȥδأ飬ϵһɪ


70 
ʯĲܼҺͭʸżһ濴ʯʹ⣬·һò֦Ҷïѳϳ棬һ紵Ȼ̮
ҶСĳ֣ӢʱƣҲʱƳɾӢۣĳǡǡһʱ㣬δؾܲЧͬģȻʱѾչһûҶСĳ֣ʷҲһ̬ͷʽݱ䡣
һ֮䣬ʶܼұ㱻ݻˡͯЮʤֱ֮չұչұȻڲϣ֮°ѵĵ׵ġҶչ˵ͯѾ֮Ч˫
ʯⷬҾ֣ʼٸҶС죬ȴϵ˹̬ʱҶС죬ţ롣
ͭʣڸ
ҶСҴſİվǶŶİҶСδѼ䣬ȥ
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ҶСһ岽һڣ΢΢üӶѣֲǳ̣õ˵Ȼ˵ʹͭʳǣڬBñϾûޣĵġ
İ΢΢һЦˣĪҪС꾭ӪܲۺһʩŭԹһʸ־أοżҹȻãǶ˼ֱһաɲ
ҶСԭҲ޷ֻǡޣộ¶ҵĻԬBõķ
İȻʧЦ˶ˣڼڲݵѾϴһգͭʸҲûڼҵǿУ˾ʲô˭๣Ƕõú£˾Ҫ֪ڼδļ̳ˣ丸ˡĸˣߺߣһȻЩ˻Щ˼Ҳˡ
ҶСÿЦѡ˵зʷ¿ƹٵĴºŵģ±أȴηηβڬBô󵨣Ҳ֪ǲǽԽϡԽСֻֻΪԼŮ˵ά
վס˽ʲôҶС켱Ҵߵ˺լ⣬ݣͱһΧʮɡҲʮɵִŭĿһ档
ҶС죬޸޵һˣŸðƵʷݾ͸̫үҲη֮绢ĺغǿơƾһ֮ͽݲӿʮɽ岼ǧɽկưӡϷ𵱳ˣϽиʵ۽йĴӢִۣһȣȴǵͷЦһλ书ĴһϹЦ
ִŭһأҶүĴһĵЦţĿǸ˽ִ˶ӷ߷һתˢһӣŤƨ߻ȥˡ
ʱ˿̣˲ˣҲùؾءС档ۿǽѾ澡ӣ۰Ͱ͵ģﻹó硣
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һӤӷ֣һһվűߵҶСİԼͬͦӣѿڽеˣ
ҶСʶؾҪȥָһӲסҲЩʲôأȻļ٣ʱȴǲԽ׳һ
Ӥǳʮ㣬İüЦһǸкҶˣģ
ҶСøƵģ۲ѵصôްС˶ôɤӿޣ᲻ӿ޻ˣ
һӤĿûˣİ˷ܵصԽȥ˰ɣôǽȥأϷ򲻽ȥҲˣǺӵţЩҲû˳˵һ
ҶСøƵģصôأոջ޵ôͻȻû᲻ʲô°
İ
ڣʮɡΧҲʮɵֳִſڣԽŲһЩ˷硣
ҶСæӦһһʥͽϵظִ˺棬ƨƨߵؽ˷䡣
սᣬƹ磬һȺѾҶС۾Ͳˡ齱վһӣﱧһ٣ڬBãֻ¶һӡ
ڬBõӲ죬ͷʪģʱڬBͷɣ΢ֵһƬ죬ƽʱĽ˫ʵڲͬնȴŻϲһǰδĸԹԡ
ִϲĸԹԣʹԵñҶСһ˫۾ɨ٣ɨڬBãŲţ֪ǸȥBõĹͬ⣬ȥһºӵĸס
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ӰٵҶС죬ҶС켱æ˫ۣСؽӹ·ӵһһƵݣǷݽŵĽС˷塣
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СӴ۾޵ʱˣ޵ʱҲˣ̶ŲȥͷЩСҪ߰죬Ż۾
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İԱߵ˺ӵ˻֣ūȥİҲȻ£ҶС챧ź齱£ڬBʾѺӷԼߡ
ҶСС˶ڬBߣ˿ĵؿźӵСãڬBò̾˿ǵضС˶Сһǰڿˡ
ҶСŭصģһ㱨ģСԺҪǲʱƨɣ
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ҶСͦţȻ˭ң˭۸۹Ů˵ˡ
ҶСڬBüüŪ۵صǻٸܵܣôľͿԿˡ
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ҶСлϲضȦȻ˳ظϵڬBߣҿɲ԰Ůɽȥõ￴λ˼һϲĺܡ
ڬBòصǡҲôԺ˵ʱҪźһ𡣡
ҶСæصɳɳɣȫû⣡
ڬBָŮ׻СĦһŮѳˣ⵱Ŀã
ҶСصȻҶĳ£ı󶯡ˣŮˡ
ڬBϲ˵
ҶСƣġ£ѲҲҶƫҪȫǼҴŮͽҶɺã


71 еȱ
Ҷʲô桢ŵؿάһ졣
άϴαҶС캷Ȼȥ˫֣ʱ˫ִӼ⴦һ֫һľ֣ýԵ֫彡ȫ˫ȫȻκá
ά͵Ҷ˾֮ŮҶСȡģ˾⣬⺢ӽܿҪ˾֮λܴգڣô
Ӧͷذ˰֣άĻڬBñڶĶˣȴͱӶˡӦԴ˺⣬ƸչΪأĿľΪ˴̼ҶСŬȡȨһﵽĿģҲͺɵؽ˻ԼڬBãȻҲûʲôÿϧġڽɽǰŮԣʵһ·ķûС
ƷõһɶѿӦֱߣȻιͷͻ򽥳ˡ֮ͭ£ʯֱķѣǲǸðͷųͻˣ
Ӧ΢΢۾ұΪҪôҲ꣬˵ãᡢɼüƣȻôͳͭʣְʯŪķѡ
άҶС쿳˫֣֮ǣͲҶС̾ϽԵҶСΪëǣϧļ˾ѣһ֮ȻӮġڣʿ׷Ͷţ룬ΪҶСЧҶС̽ͭʣõʯ䣬ʵڰ˴֮ϣвҲβ󲻵֮ƣӦù֣ȡˡ
ӦͷȻʵҶСô
άҶСҶС಻һҶСµ˫֣ţ룬ҶСǷŭѾҶС쵽ͬ·˵ĵزңҶСɱϵΪµ˫ΪϣĸǸΡ
Ӧ΢Цô˵˿ɿһˣҶС񣿡
άҶСҶС챾һĸͬ׾һ𣬴ģҶСоֹкѴֻҪǰ磬Ϊ֮£³ĸĸӣһֱܷóҶСǲȷ
άһ£ҶСԹޣȴڵ˼Ӻĵز
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Ӧ裬һڣصԶף޲Ծ飬˫£֮Ҳ͵˼㣬ֻʩźѶˣ˿
άһ˫ľһģžһӢȥ죡

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Ʒӹһ˿ǿףˣҲֻܼĬǲʶ࡭ߺߣ
һ˫ȵˡϱ鲼˺ۣ·һ򼣬ʹһƤģԵ쳣ֲһƵľϣϥ¿տյһǱƮ
ѾǷǣǶ˷ǡ
ƷĴһ֪ΣȻǲ˵ģˣм֪Ҿжˣ谮ңǾһҪ𾴡
ƷɷӦһȡɽֿͭʣֱʯ丮׾ͻУʱţı£һ֮ضԿ͢У
ƷȻһ֧Ǵ޵СС˵ʤ㻹ʲôһ֮ضûУһССͤƾʲôʶ£ֻƾʲôҷأκִӺζ
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ӦԭֻӰĴ֮ĩһԾΪĴ֮סûľҰĵŮӦδػʶµͷ
һκ󣬱ø侲ˡ侲˼ţƾƷҵĵλԼΪ·ܹܵʵӦһ³ɹô󹦣Ҫַҹɳδزܡ
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ӹһ˿ܣڰģر¶һӦ²ϵһͶ͢һһԼ¹͡㲻˻ȡأҲȻνӳˡ
뵽ֱͦ˶Ȼ˫Ѷϣֻϣȴͦεķ·һڳʵıãҴӦ㣡ǾͰıҵɣ

ҶСڼס죬ڬBһÿıŮ˾Ůһ£Ϣֺֹ֪ͭһءĿǰܸףصȴǽˮ¥̨ͭʹ
ڬBñϾûгףҶСҲ׸˶˳棬Щӭ¶ȫİˡ
ҶСҪ뿪ˣӻ̫Сڲܴȥţ롣ʱƶҲܾţ롣ҶСغͬBͻȻҴҵش˽
ôסʱҶСڬBʶд£ҶС켱æվ𣬵»ţ
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ҶС˵ӨӨˣҲЩΪ飬һʱɲǸǰӭӣ͵͵ţΣİָһ䣺Ĺһͭʣ˵Ҽ˾Ů£ȿȣ


72 Ȼ
Ҫ㡭Ȼرһ¡δ֪
ҶСɫЩԥƽڬB仰һڣͷһᡣ
Ǻӵĸףˣûгɻ顢û׸һʱȴ˿ԿηǵĹϵڡ
Ǳ˵κԲںӨӨȴܲںӨӨҶС鶩ӨӨ˵൱һҡһҡΪңûôƤһҪֱ׳
ȻҲҵݣʵǲԵģΪ˫СͿʼңȻǸŮˣɸԵı־ȴһǽһʦһ̳˵Ҫˡ
ڬB֪Լ̬ȶţɽİж󣬶ҶСжǡǡҪǵص㣬ǰ̹Ȼͥ
ӨӨ͸һűʯĸ鲻κʣûа֮κοȡᣬЩ׺쳾һУϲκӰ졣
ϲҶС죬ϲҶСˣῼĹְλǰ̡һаĹǰڬBпΪ̵Ķʵֺ̣ĵԡ
ȻԼȡᣬΡҶСǲ׸ģҲܻһ˽֪ңҶСķ֮һڡҶСŮˣڼҵĶڼܹķ֮ǰ޷Ҷȥ̶ɷһϱޡ
أ
ҶС켸õӨӨ˳صͭʣΪܿͿԼɣȴȻ˵ڱ˼˻˺ӣǺεȵߡ
ܣȻϣ֮ززӨӨ˻˵ߣˣģҪеӨӨһøһ䲻ĻԬBö˺ֻ
ڬBỨصҶɣ㣬ԼѡҶͬʱֻҺ̸̸ֻҪһӣҶҵһУҶᡭ
һָ촽ϣҶСҡҡͷӭſڡڬBÿͦεıӰˮѸģ۾
Ȼ书˦ҶСһ֡˿ҶСﻹǸŮˣŮϣܶأΪڷģҶСDDˡ
ӨӨˣһɫ磬°ͼ⣬ˣ·һֻ˾Ļꡣһ·۳ͶһЩԵøӿˡ
С磡
ӨӨһڬBǸΰĴʱһ˶ٿһ¾ˣҶСͷЦӨӨڸϵ˰࣬˰ɣط·̫ߣӶɢ˰ɣ
ҶС춼֪˵ʲôˣʲô˵ȻãֻûŲԵشŹ
ߣ˵ҪȻͭʿд£ֿ֣Һȫģһ첻ƭ˾Ͳģǲǰ
ӨӨʦһ˰ϸϸָһһµصҶСؿڣҶСˣࡣȻûƭӨӨӨӨָûȥ粵
ڬBóΪ˽ΧӨӨ㲻ҪΪˡһеĴҵĴҶԲ𡭡
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ӨӨЩˣʵĴ壬ͼ檣Դ˲ΪȻҪȻҲȺ߽ҶСҶСĺƭ
ˣС⻷³ӨӨһͿȻֻ벻⣬ôʦﲻ˵ǱԹĳɷݾӶࡣ
ڬBһ죬е¶ȫԼϣӨӨӨӨ˫һͱ˴ͣԲҪŪ䣬ҶС㡰ۡһӨӨ۾ϵɵøԲˣѾɷŭ˾档
߹ȥС֣޵þ춯صСѾͷڬBýʶؾ뱧ԼŮʲôľٶҶСȴӨӨڰ֣ʾطҶСӨӨ֪֮Ů֮ģοôɰĺӡ
һݣӨӨͶ֪ӨӨƢԵǷӨӨЩǾ͸ŭ֮ı֣£ӨӨʲôΪ
ڬBԥһ£ѡҶС졣һ书Ȼָֿ죬ҪӨӨʲôõľٶҲü֡
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ӨӨصɴ۾СųOΣͷҶС㣬̾Сָͷϸϸ͸͸ڶƵġ
ڬBúҶС컥࿴һȻӨӨ̽˫ʳָ˫ֵҶСסӨӨִСֵؽۣȻסҵء
ӨӨϲػͷҶС죺С磬ͦϲء쿴ˣأǴ۾Ư
ҶСظ߹ӨӨϣǵȻСƾűʶˣһǺǻӨӨôɰȻϲ㡣
ʲôǧѩﲻˣ顣
Ҷ
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Ǻ˵㡣
ģ˵㣡
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ӨӨСŭˣʲôС
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ۣ
ӨӨСֽŮŮÿɰÿɰ
ļ̫أżûŮ޶ֻһŮ޶ĴССͱһȺȺõܡòΧţȻһŮǻϲЦ£ˡ
ҪǧѩһҪǧѩӨӨڣͶڬBһ
ҶС첻ǺøգҸȡ֣
ҲܣǧѩҶӨӨ˵һ䣬תڬBã԰ɣ
ԶԶԣڬBͷȻ׹ΪʲôҶСŮУǼ˫֮ŰԵ֮˶δӨӨˡ
׺޵еģŮ˺ӣûܿκ˶ԼκвڬB÷ɿϲӨӨΪӨӨʦעҪһѿǰ£ӨӨϲ˼
ÿɰѽÿɰѽӨӨ󷢸п
ҶСΧ˺üˣ˹עͲˣֻһ˫۾ˣӨӨɦ̫ɰҲҪҪŮһҪŮ
ӨӨҶСһ˫ССƣĵԸӵ
ҶСڬBöһۣж¶һĨ뻶ϲ˭뵽һ׮ΪǺѿ飬ȻĽ֣Ҳֻ˫ӨӨӪóϲĳ档
ӨӨһغùĸһؾδˡҶС뿪ڸȥĸķʱķ˿溮ɫĺܡ


73 
ķˮضҶССţǼӨӨʶǹˣ㻹һһĲʱͺáڿɺãӭȢŮָһûûݵŮ˺ӣҼӨӨںεأ
ӨӨգգۣȸԾصСŮÿɰ
죡ķ˺ݺݵصӨӨһۣѵ߻װɵҲô﷨ﻹڰ㣬⣡
ӨӨͷ͵͵ҶСÿ͸Ұﲻ
ҶСķ˵ѵ⣬̲ѣҲӨӨţҪϴ˷ԣҺӨӨĺڶˣȴң
ȴұֳֻЦ̫һʱεСҲ˵֮СǾӨӨģš
ķ˺ȵ֧֧ģǾ͵ࡢģ˵װɡӨӨΪ˾㣬ż£ţӨӨĹϵֵҲ½֪ˣ׼ô죿
ҶСȢСλһý˵ţ»ڣӭȢӨӨš˵ҶС첻֣ӨӨУҲֽһࡣ
ķɳŮǧ谮һļȻһңŮԹҲǲѷҪȢʲôݣ
ҶСˣȻǷˣ
˵һԥЩݵصС̨;ǷʱţȺףСΣ֮Уţиҹű˻ҵ
ûбĵСһ̱ˣĸҲİŮСӡˣСֻܽӨӨСȻҲӨӨǶˣ֪ĸΪΣ
ķԼԼ֪ıŮȲңҲϲңҶСϣȷʵҪһλ˵Ȼû䣬ԴԶ֮ȴ֮ϣû˼µĵûκѾˣܾûǿŮ
˴ķ˲ɰɷû۹ϼһĪĵôģŮ¼ޣһȵĴ֣Ҫ˫ַˡ
ʵķǨŭδˡ֮·֮·Ҫǧ򱶣ÿһɹѡĲ·ͬѡ֮չҲر
ҶС͵װҵŹļϿɣӨӨɾͷޣҶС컹жصأϧһҲҪҵδһСٳŴ۷ǰô
Ҳ˵һļŮϵҲԼΨһŮŮȥǿǷ֮أƱҪļҵĹϵһ׵ڣҶСļҲͲǽ⸱ģˡ
һһģĪǰ
ҶС죬֮ǰ־ѡѡ񣬲˽ս
ҶСķɣΪ̫Ĵ𰸣һ룬ּ˵͢ʹʱСھ⣬ھ֮ȸӨӨ
ķһɫ㻺˾ǵԳƵĹְ͢滹һϳ͢Ƶģοʹʹָʹ֪֪صȵȡ
˾Ҳˣӡˡˡ˵ȵ˾Է˵ݡλУ͢滹ھ⣬һƷƷᰴɷĵλΪӦķˡ
ɷƷ٣ӾͿԷΪƷˣɷƷӾͿԷΪƷˡҶСڴӳٱΪĿˣϮپϮ٣ҲǴһŶʸ񱻷ھƷ³ˣҶСŵӨӨһ޾ܱ뷷Ϊˡ
ҶСյڽϰ˴ҲѷɫܻһֱĿôƷӨӨǰˣƷӨӨˣƷķ˻治룬ϾҶСߵְУɷߵѫְϵС
ٹְְֵǮ⵽ƷϡְпǺʵȨصġҶСĳŵǾӡˣ˾ϵĵһˡ͢ھȿӨӨǾڳ͢棬ӨӨǵһˡ
ķˣ׵㻹еġȻˣ׮¾ô˰ɡ£һǶ顣Щ˵ףַ£ʵڲִЩ
ӨӨԾص£ôð㻹˵ִ١
ķûصһۣЩǸ
ӨӨͷֲ˵ˡ
ķѵļ͵ð˸õһ깤ڻ¹꣬ҹϹҲǿ깤ϼŮҪ׼¶أǱ·ѣػһţҲüʱ䣿Щγﱸ
ӨӨԴม
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ӨӨŲأС粻ˡ
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ӨӨϰһǣķûصŮ⣬άˣﻹΪá¾׵ĸģҲϣȵģһİ
뵽ŮܿҪޣһѽѾͷһŮɺܿҪһˣķ˲˲
ӨӨᱧסĸףŮ֪ﶼΪŮãŮ֪

Һߣɭ޼Уܾݵܽڳǰסж̸Цٷ
ҶСŲ̋࣬һϷý֮ҶСѷɫܻҪԸһ
ֵܶϲϷϷģСʱѣųëӴųСҲ𣬵Ҳǡˣ±ȽרעѧϷϱҶС컹ҪЩ
һƱܳزʵѵą̃Щ԰ӵܵʱһƽкáĻڣСά˫̨֣ϳʮרעҶСһ˿Ц⡣
֪޶˿±֤ۡгգ޵ʱ
ҶС̨ǻԲάѾתȻȥ
ҶС˴ߵЩѣҶС¼죬˳ϷҶСÿĻ뵽Լİ־Ȼټһ׮ıϳϷҲάơ
ҶСԼҲǸϲϷģŴϲϷҲ֮ǰԺζҪõĶֵܹ࣬ϵѾֵúܽҲùάϷ֮УֺҶС߶
ҶСƽʱһģڰϷϻͦݣʱţҲһӢšάϷŽ½ϵһҲǳûѵ绢񻢵ı¡
ϷȻЩɻһģάһÿԺϦĻԣֵܸ飬һ漮Ϸݼ
ľӪã͵컻ա֮ƣҪʼˡ


74 µһթ޳
ҶСͭʳ԰д󳪺ŵġ֮衱ʱչұݳġ֮Χ
ڲܼҵʩͯҵ֣ûκһ֧ԭڲܼҵϵܼҵϵʶһսʧأಿɽͯҿԳֱ룬ֱչұ
ͯϼһĶıչұ£δʱ𹥻Ӫļ̱ݽǿˣפרԮչҸᡢͷ˵
չһٷչѱҶСѺи˾֮ģǶ뱣ԼһʵõȫԸ
ۿѹԮĸ·ϵ̶жףܶȥìصչҸɲòٴٿȫ飬ֶԲߡ
չҵ´һƬྲǽһеɢŵ㣬ƺÿ˶ھǻ㣬͸ǵ飬ȴԵ쳣ء
չɿصص֮ǰүѾˣشҲ֪үӵĻظˡүӡܡ
չڽصүӵȻܡΣѾȥ󰲼Ұæƽȴ벥üȥүֲ׵ƾʲô㿫ƨɣ
ӡչɩǸŮȻȴֻںլ£֮£չ仰ָʵָĹԭչϼչˮϡͶϵʧ
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չٷ߷ȻҲ̨״ɺҶƥ򣬷Ȼָǲ¶ˣȻóʯϺͭЩͽдĹ״͢봦ſϳ棬д
չɵǿԮѹλˣʲôţ
Σȫû
ãչƾұʵδؾͲܻ֮УֻȺף˼һɢɳսչ䵽յزҴ粮ۺͼ˾չΣչֳţķ²ϷΪչұ˾ͳԦȫܽΣѡ
仰չɩˣϼ̵ʵ⻰Ҫֶ˾֮λˡ
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ȻǽͷģԼǾϵģֻ԰ɢģǡײҶСǽͷ
ۼҶСǸ͵ģչֺֺЦĸں棬ƾĹҶСȻ޲
ۼҶС쵽£պʪָȥƴֽˣĸ׵ס˵ҶСסڸԺӺ˼Ҹ˳뷭ǽȥɣЩŮ֣ԥΡ
Ҳ֪ĸЪûУѾ£ñŮϳȥҶСͷһ£ҶСһɻû;ͱһֻסˡ
ӣңҶСĸףæִյߵһ䡣
ҶСеϵС֣ҶСͷһ¡
ѽǧټƷֹҶС췢죬ȴԼ֣ڣĸײδŷġֵصҶСһۣһߣʲô
ҶСЦӣҽѵƸһԼѶҪ顣Լϱкβɣ
˭ϱչһȻֵ۾뵱ˮǺε磬ס
ҶСڨЦͱˣᣡ
չ޺޵صһ۵죡ãĺܡɺãȫҶ˷ҲͰˣʱҿڶӡ˸˴㣬ھ˸ãأʲô
ҶСЦˣǶʽϵ飬ֻӹЩôҵΪҲֲί㡭
չ߷ȻһŤҲܣӹôҪ˼׵ӣ˷ޣȻԸģЩˣ֪Ϊβġ
ҶСΪˣӹҲ˵͸İΣڼάţɽͿ๦ߣӡ˷ĪҴ˵ҲڶѡӨӨãҲίʲôݺø
ҪҲ޿ɺǣÿ˶ֻΪԼţҪ󣬾ΪԼΪĸ׵ĸܡҶС޼ƿʩֻúƤʩչˮĥˡ
ҶСſ˫ۣӵڻôҳףÿ죬Ҫһ죬ɲɣ
ߣֵһҡӣȥ˼Ҹ˵ģЩʲô˭˭Ҫ
ҶС첢֣۵գϵܰ㣬㣬ѽ۲ǱڣȽ˲𣬽˺ӣùĺӽ磬Ƕ硣
չҲ֪ԼʲôҪЩΪˣҪ˵һ˵֪Լܵίźø۰ԼһЩʱ§˵Щ軰ȾˣҲˣ㽿֪۸ң
ҶСһ֪ʵ춹ģܺú塣ҶСлϲϲϸ˫ֱ㲻ʵ»ȥŽʵԲӯͦİʮ塣
ҶСЦô˵ӣ϶ӡ
չˣշ̣˿ŮĽҪʹ˵ƲĻȻҶСӷʱҲӲҶСϵô
ҶС۷ֱؿվſڵĸˣȻע⵽Լ˫ܲŹ۵ץࡢקקԲͦͦҶС켱æ˫һ̧ĸ¶һȿ޻ѿЦ
ҶС룬ְ˫õȥžһ˫ƨɵϣһһصӣ


77 ʸ֮
ҶСһ򵨴죬¿˰ġӣӦ£ʴۣҲ£̩ɽ̩ˮϴˡ
Ǵˮ迪ʼ·ƽ̹ԵʣһĸͽţŬǰӪһ޺󣬿ϧ첻Ըƫƫͱ˼ҹ￴һĻ
޴ǣҶСҲףԼʱôģһӦ䰡ȻĪľٶȻ˼棬ƨƣ˵ڴӡ⡭
ҶС޵ˣΪ˼ҹͣ˼ţΪԼѾ޴Ըӵĵز
˵ǳ鴤˼£صɫҶ˾
ĿĿСĿҶСŸ£ϸ˵Ƶĵͷؾһ仰ڣָԼһͣӦԳơСǰôԳơСġ
˶˶٣ûصҶĿûȥ˯ˣ
ŶҶСԼһٷʧǾƺȶ˵ԵʡȻԶʧǾͲҪ˵
˺ؿҶСת߳ȣǽǣһҴգ̧ͷǽͷʼѰԵߵĽѣĸŮͬʱ鴤˼¡
ѹǶţܲѹΪʾϣΪˣѹסЦĸо
ŶҶСȻ򣬻Ժȥ
ҡ
չ˵һ䣬ĸûзԵ˼ҶСȥ
ԺŶһڣҶСչͬʱ˿
ɵôҪǽ
ҶСմմϲҹģôûжЦ
Ʋ죬мءҡһ棬ƨɣ˵ӣҲǹ⣿
ҶСЦֽŵص⡭᲻Ұ
һۣߵģûг϶һͬ飬ﲻᷴԵġѽάչұȶάŮء
ҶС˿ҾͷǺգҺûģҪȻ
۵㻹ʲô
ҶСһɫеӺٺٵЦЦһ죬ҶСȥһ
Ťȥף
ҶСŲӲҾͲߣ
㣺ﲻԱߣ͵ǲǣ
ۼҶСʯƵŲӲߣŤͷŻţɿشչȥһǣࣣ
ҶСر۾Ҫ죡
һţҶСƨϣҶСʹӦһƨƨߵعˡ
˿ƽһƿԺţĸ׻վ£ͺˣŽż߹ȥͷ
˵˵ˣҲ
̾˿Ҳ֪㲮ȥʵʵί㡭
ȵ̧ͷһĨЦ⣺ϵⰡôܲ㣿С⺢ӻЩͷóϲ㣬磬ѱǣҡֻҪܹúͺģͷˡ

Ȧһ죬̲סſ˫˹ȥһѱסˣϲ
ǽͷҶСվںɻϣ̽ͷ̽ԵؿһĻ룺ûô
ˣôҶС챳Ѳ˵̺ǽͷˣʧɫε¹ʣһ۾ϳԼҴˣ̲סһ
ӴҶС챻һУŵýһ̡߲һҽ˸̸Ͻ˵ǰˣĸŮƬ̣ءꡱһЦ

ͣ߸ϣֱ·Ϲڡ
֮ڵϲ㣬ƷܹһԶ˼üһá
ӦµֲƷһɵռ˰ڽɽѹӱҵݲᣬӡ˶ûе١
ǰмϥţеǺƹƷһżǰһɴӣӦ˵Ŀһмˣ֫ȱپ٣˴Ʒзһλҡ
ӦԴĲѧ۽綼ʶֻϧǸзϣòǿɲӦ־µģصһ£ҪһĴ󳼣ȫֻ۷ȥԼġ
ʱֵı䶯͢ҶСά֮ȻңǰҶСɱĸ˾Ȼ󲨣ȥһ˾ǣȴֻܵ˱ٵĴ֣ʵû˿Ӱ졣
ҶС췵ţ󣬸Ǳ䱾ʯ˾ƣʯҡչѾ֮С̲ͯ˲ܼҡͯͶϾһ֧ͯҪĿҲף²ɲ
ԶæҲ׼ײߣвɶ̫ͯΣϾֱҲݵˡ
ӦͷĿƷ΢΢һ¶һĨЦ⡣ҪƻľҶСȡҶС£Ϊ̫ܣ֪ˣƷĹĴһ֪
ݱĴˮˮΧûзչռ䣬ҲβսͼҵΨһϣڶ桪ԭϵݰ˸
ֻҪܿţͭʺʯһ룬мͯң׳ƳЩ˶ĸͼذֵʱЩҲ֪ˡ
Ӧ׵еһעġͯĿǰϾѾͶ˱˾ǿͭȫʯһҶС죬ĿǰԾӰ˴֮ϣС˿ʲô
ԶǷҶСǿʯң̶չҷչ֮Ϊ˾ֻչϵڳɴ˿չϡչмʯҲ͸صҶСˣֶǸ
¸ոյϢҶҪټҶС졣͢սԺˣֱ֪͢ӳ棬˾ľ裬ԹҶСΪĸҶС챳ˡ
ҶС½˾Ҫ׳͵ķһΪ͢ӥȮ͢ͳΨһѡͬʱҶС컹һЩʾþµ˾ϡϣһЩ΢˾ʯϡչϣһ׳»и˾Ч֮Ļ
ĻкôҲл
Ʒ˴ĻϣҲֻʸһλĻǣҶСǳ͢ШҹݵһŻӣһɹ͢ͻ̰ͨôǡ
ƷݸһЦȻʾþµ˾Խ࣬ݾͻԽҡԽңԽлȡʤԣĹؼͳҶС졣ܿҶС죬ֲ͢ô͢һУΪ£
ҶС죿Ȼôܣ
ȻܣһֱƷﱳ󣬾Ƿ۵Ƿǣ̧ͷòɵԴˣаţ
ȻӦӦȻһЦ˷ҶСȥ˾Ҫʩչ͵컻ա֮ƣͽΪã


78 СʤƳ
ٶĵһѩˡʱֱ·ϸܵĭӡʱҶСϰԵһԱߣûдȡ⻬顢еԵഺһȸԾĻۣôѩƯ
ݵСӣڵֱ࣬˵ҪҪˡȴһġ
ҶСش𴲣ƿţԺкСѾִѩ̵ݸϽվסƵͷ˼ص˼ҡ̫ˣү
ҶСЦ޷ҪȥҪ𡣡СѾˣܵҶСǰϷĨ˵ĺΣϲصү쿴ôѩôѩ
ҶСԺп˿һѹǺôѩǺȣšܸǹ棬үҵھǣϥСѩĴѩð
ݻϲȵƵߴߴкöûмôѩˣǵһؿôѩʱ˼Ҳɣףǰꡭ
ҶС̿صˣϲȥɣȻһ̫һգѩͻˡ
ݵ˼̺үţүҪԶŶء
ҶСȥһ
ҶСǰ߳ԺţոջׯľվǶĿ뿪ݱȸԾؽлСС̣ѩ̰
ҶСЦҡҡͷǺƢʲôʱܳ󡣡
ҶСŶÿҶСӭҶСһҶСе㷢飬һת㿪ȥ㣬ֻӲͷƤӭ
ֵսһʱ䣬ɱϾһĸֵͬܣ׸ͷǳãϵҲͻˣڼ仰˵ҶСվסŲ硣
ҶСսӵάŶ˵ǽҪһϷϲϷϷҶСϷ˹ά⣬̹һ֮´Ϊ⶯׼һͭʳǣȡʲôģֵӣֻӦһ
ҶС磬Ҫȥһ˹ǣ̨ټңһȥҲС²ܻ滹ൣЩ
ʵҶСûҶСѹͲסҶСУټϱɸ֣һͰҶСȣٰ֮£ҶСһҶС͡ɽ󡱡
һҶСҪȥǣҶСʱ˿Ƶ˵ҪȥͭˣˣĻѾǣҲ˻ȥȶһߣǺƾԾô
ҶС¶һ˿ɵЦݣãİɣĺܣţ¶ﲻʲôȴصġ
ҶСҲô˵ֻ̫ʵˣױСۡĥţٵظũׯⷽ£絹ֵܰܣϸһûãҴӹ˵
һҶСǰԺߣҶСıӰ̾˿ֳֵܣһĸͬ˵涼Ӧòֻ࣬ϧСʱѵĳ澪ˣµ̵ķӰ죬Ҳû취
ũҵᣬũҵΪϰҶСҲ˺ĵģʱᰲ˰ֳҪԱ϶磬ҶС첢밲Ÿְ£ֻϣɴš

һᳵʻɽϣǱѩշĳУһֻС¯յģů紺һ̲壬ƷĿעϣ˵Ľ̸ȴ̲ûκιϵ
ֻҶСѣ£ҪͶǰʰһöӣص
ƷﵭһЦ΢΢ӣŰ̡ů紺Ҳֻһʱڱ¶һĨӨһ˵Ĺʤ
ûΰҶСȥȷòңҲò㣬¹ϵش˿ԣұֲ֣Űġ
۾˼Ƭ̣ſҶСΪҶСҶСʱ̫ɡ
ƷȻͬʱ֣һһֻҪҶСֵԲ⣬ͻע⡣Ҫ֪ҶСߣӹż٣ȴࡣҶСˣ֪ػҶС죬Ǿһʧ
Цƻľû뵽Ӧθ֮뷨졣һֱЩ֣ĴǣȻʯͭôҶСһٵ֣ԭǻ
ƷﺬЦҲžã۲ŴԣϽλҪٱҪʶ£δزɳɹ
Ʒ֫ظ¶һ˵ߣҰٰ֮£ϧй¶ΪۣΪһǬԾ塯֮ԣǳƵ۵ļף
мصʿԣԵ棿
ƷǼѧģɫ֮䣬¡е֮ʿУܹϡ棬ֻҷӣⲻаˡ
ҡҡͷɲΪȻȴҲ˵
Ʒƿ濴һۣЦ쵽ͭˣǴȥҪסеǹڡλ˽Ӵһ£֪Բˡ

ڸ̨ǰͣ£ҶС˳ӵ˴멣ͷ鹡
һ˴ǲչļТԱƹֶδߴѲɱʱ򣬴˿ѾˣչѾ֮У˷ǣһľ
ǵֻӵţһصһС˾ƿͭʡӰʯ䣬ȨأȻڰ˴֮ϵȻûʸĴλ̨˷ͥȴҲڸ̨ǰӵһϯ֮λȻ˿ֻ֮м͵һĿ
ˣˣˣڵ˰ѭһСܵӭ˳Цտ
ҶСһѭ죬ҲΪϲæӭȥסֱֹۣȻѭ죬þò
ѭҶСһϡƵһΪʷһΪƷʱģ޼ӣижҲٽ飬ֱͦ˶סҶС֣ϲԴȥ˾ǣ±ӡ˲ǲ⸧̨ı˲ʹţ밡
ҶСЦôڽ㡢ߣô
ѭƲʲô¶ҪʣҵСӡ͸ˣǿڽϣ
˵ҶСѹ̨ﶯΣ
ѭҲҿΪƺϸ̨⡣
ҶС΢΢һЦ֮ΪȻҶ̨⡣Ҷ̨ʹҰģȴûƾֱ˱ѹӦ
ӦͼӶչȭš콭ͳ˳͢ǶһöҪӣĿôСʤƳ˵˧ĹؼһͿҶСء


79 ٿɿص
ţĿҶС죬ݼ̨ˣʮһĿ
Ŀ⸧̨ţûйôСĹٶݼģǸ̨⽮ĴǰҲҪͷӽ
ҶСˣСظͦø߸ߵģһΪܡΪٵģһ߸ҶܣæһգҪ򵹲ΰݡ
ڵļ̫ԶҶֲ鷿Ӽѡڹ֮ϣҶСû취ֻܴΰݡΰݵĶȻÿһҪһ£̨ϳϷʱʱڸ̨ͣ¿ʹڡкáӸͭǮʲôġ
ҶƦСӲԸ¹򣬲΢΢һЦǺεںЩȽڣҶĿ񣡡
ҶС˫ֲգϥǸȥٿһֱͦˣлˣ
Ҷܸһѻ׵ĺ룬һۣ
ڰ׵Ļ΢΢һæŤͷҶһۡҶź룬ЦҶС죬Ӳ׿ȥֻܿһ¶۽ϸܵβƣ΢΢̵ġ
ͻȻˣ̨˹ҪҶСһڸơС鷿ӼȻԵ׽С鷿Ӽģǵλƽȵѡ׽Ҳ߹
̨ڸˣУţɽСĿѾӵмߵĵλٿԺͰ˴ƽƽˡҲȷʵʸ˴ƽƽˣ˴ߵѾ
ʹΣյҶСֻ˵ϻΣǡҶС˾һ
ྭ귢չʵѾѷڰ˴˴յ˾Ȼ֣ԭһֱ֮ϵİ˴ղˣѲһԷ׷״ˡ
дֻкļһһЩΪļ˿ڶ࣬Ϊļҵĵ̫̾ʽʽףܵĳСļҺͰߵĺܽ
ѭȥҶСл̹ȻĸĿ⣬΢Цס
簵̾Ϣһеļ޾һƬҶò֪١ޣҲҪʵŻһѾչңɼĵز޵ͷġ
ҶСʱֻһ֣ȫһˮ͵ĽɫڻϪ֮ͤȺ޴ʿӣ˭֪Ĵڣ
ҶСսɱù񺿣Сֹ䣬ԶˡκչļҰߵãƵθ̨Ҳò˳Ӧ⣬Ѻ;󣬿νҲҴңҲҴҡ
ҶСͽ׼ĿƣȴϢ￪䲻һԵðԵͣȻѳΪռĴ
и̨ΪƣλִԲΪƾԼΪ̨ĻŵݿҶС컹ûֻ֣ƾƣͰԭΣٶȱˡꡱ
ҶܹټҶСȻֻΪ˰ƣ̸ݵȻҲûʡһһ𣬳˰첻̲ƨҶȻƼС鷿ҶĿ̸
鷿һأ˵ȾԸ⣬ҶǼʵģȫȻˡҶСҲһϹϾС΢ģ
ҲҶܿʹӲ̨ȡһƮŵһڣЦضҶܵϲΪСųӲһģСм
ҶһеġϲָԼвЦΪô꣬ͷһؿˡҶСھ£֪֮꣬ǰһ벻ߵģҶָԼǰѭ浸ء
ҶҲ˿ڲ裬ҶСͭʣúܺáϷϣܹУ͸סӦ֮·
ӥֻҶСӦв֮ģ͢δ¶ǰֲʦڲ̶ϣͨѹֶΣҰģһΪΣȴûҶСǵ⣺δ׼֣ǰдһ˵
ҶС²յͯҾҪˡ⣬סӦ֮ţͻҰģؼǱƵǽգ
ҶĨŲˮصӦǴˣʱƵ۽磬Ӧûеġһ²ΪϷΨһѡϢģֻҪ֮귴ĺδػҰ뵨ǡʱףΣĪ󹦵¡
ҶСҡҡͷ˶ȣСȴô롣ôʵǰ˽Ȼз⣬Ī˵ץİѱ㲻̶͸¶ţ첹ܹ鲻Ǹ취
ҶһҶС뷨ʵǵǲıϡҶСǵ̼ͨƻһܺϵøãĪ硭
ͷոոͷͱҶ侲شˡҶСҲ٣Ķ͢Ӧ֣Ȼ̲ţȡøĵ̣ոһĿ볯͢㣵ġ
ӥ뷨ҪӦ֮ң͢ûҪһռݲݣҪø·˾Ԫ˵ĻᣬһݵؽݵĹ⣬ֱڳ͢СĿĲͳһοܺ
Ҷ˿һ׵ľ޹գΪ͢񣬱ºΪ֮ĸ֣ҪŴһ㡣
Ҷź룬ڹסɣһϷҪϸͭʡʯ֣ҲչͯҸϵȷк󻼡
Ҷܳһ£ֵ⣬ʯ丮˾֮ȨϽ˾ֱǲٸ𣬺ܺã»ȫά޸֮ľͽʽ˾֮Ȩ£ġ
ҶСãСڹס£Ⱥ˽һָʾ
Ҷܵͷȥɣʱ䲻ȥݷһ°үӣ̬ȣأ

ҶȻ˵ҶСҲҪȥݼάġάΪĴ֮׵ˣڹݵʵƿҶλ⽮֮ϡҶСӴ࣬ÿһΣӡ
ϣοУʱΪүӨӨгڶͭʻ÷ˮʱյ˰үһ֧ڳɽΪٵױš
չ׹ϵҶСĽչҵвүȴһֱûʲôʾλ˾ƺĴΣЦƱãȫûвֵ˼

ǣֺαΪһ¶ɵҶС죬дһױҲҶ˵ĸ֣˰үֵλһһÿһ˼Ѿݸϲ񡢸˸
վڸߴΪԲΪγÿһееһöӣʸҶСھϵһӣԸԸ⡣
ǣӻڵҶСܾģһߣȴûԣʸλ֣һҲҪ̣Ϊִӵ֣


80 ʲ
ҶС쵽԰֮ͨϾͱ԰ȥСѩƮ죬ѩڷɣȪȴѩ׵ѩ˿һСϪϣϪѩк÷ţһŻ
ȪȣɼˣҶСȥͿٴ齣ǰ¯¯̡̿ӡˡˣһӦȫ
ˣϥİүӣվԱ߸̽ͷڰ壬ǱȴһλԺŵŮӣӾҶСʱü΢΢һ
๫Ůһ΢΢Ťת˽˫ֽϣҶС֮
ҶС΢΢һȣҲ
δ𻰣үѾߴٵѾͷЩҪ
ү΢΢ʾ⣺үո߳磡
үӹһЦӣҶС죺ϷһССĿ̤еģͷһ
ҶСմմϲشҲǰ޹ˡˡܳΪǸΨһܿģ
үЦѾͷһȤˡ
ȻһЦµأ齱һվһվڰүߵİӡҶСûڵˣʸ밲үƽƽ޹رݡ޹䡣ҶСˣ˵ŮˣҪүӽ̸ֻһԣɫת˵쳣Ȼݡ
ҶС̹Ȼ߹ȥҲͰүһϥϣȻʸڰүǰ˴ݣ˵һССĿһ߰˱ؽַؤҴСˣʸ
үҲһˣһûУֱ˵صڧ͢ãûﶼ̲Էһͳݣأ
վһԣүԼȣɫ˿Լڣ˵γôΪѬģ̫޴ô˿ӡ
үһööؼӣݱ˰˸һһҪϵٹ⣬δЧСôݣСҲãģΪ˼¡
ҶСЦеǷ֪ү˵ˣָλأλ
үƤҲãֻ̧һööӶޣصĻģθڶСˣڵȷ˳˳ˮԼı£ҲǸݵĽСı˵ʱ򡭡ǺǣѾĥˡ
ҶСɫģӦðүˡĥģӦòɣ
ү̧ͷҶСһۣĿֻش£Ƿ̵ĿȣһƽȣеһȿˣϾҪȱһȣˡ
ϷһȶȥվˣЩȴòʣµȶ͸ˣøôأ
ҶСȻҲһľشƽȵĿ°ͳΣһصȶ±ôŸɹأټһȵĺã
ү΢ЦҶСԸԸأ
ҶСׯصؿŰάԸ⣡

ҲɣҲɣܸκΰվֻ򣬻Լס
үӵףӲ
׾ͺá
ҶСʱ˵һ佻̸
Ӱ͵ſڣۼҪǣվ̲סһȣҶԶǿͣòִȥδʱĳΪҶ˽ӷΣǺǣʯǱЩ飬ҪҶ̡
ҶСھʸܰ룬ΪҵĳӣҪά˾ͷҲҪһЩǿѣҶСõѡ֮һĿݣȭͷ󡢹ӲǸһϵĶʲôô
ĿĵҶСˣᵽʯ䣬ȻҲΪ飬ĽֻԱߣʵڲҶС𣬶˵õûʲôҶС˵ݵһŮֻҪΪѡ
ҶС׵⣬Ҿܾ
Ȼãδʱ¥
ҶСüͷʲôط
Цǵɾ¥ϴϮ֮Ѹĳ¥ȴǰʤʮˣ
ҶС죺
ҶС˳˵ҲǳǴţŵкŷͱ㳵˳ҶС͸ȥȻδͬ齣ɱϾǷޡ
˳£ҶСȻס֣ЩҶСԼůĴУˣ˿˵ҶСϣ·ϼȡһ˿
ҶСܹоõƣϧ֮Ȼ˾ΣҶС£Ĳ̫˳ô
üģصҼбľ
ҶСô
ʱҾ⣬£Ҳ㾮һȻͷ֣Щѳˡ
ʵиԭû˵ҲҪԭѾˣ
޳ȥĹóȥˮǿٸߣҲҵˣ󡱻ܻصִ֣ѾǱı¡ϵƿǰҲǱȻ
ҶС쾲˵ţͯһֱɴָϵֶֹͯȻһұЩΥҵôȥܿͯҾͻƿء
ҶСοҲ˭˸ǿԦȴǰסͯҵ¾ͽҰɣֻҪ߸ѹͻֻᷢ벻ң
ҡͷôףĴңӦ޵ģұǿ׳ȴ֮¡ߡߡϱܴ⣬ҲֻܶסϹʵأϸ˵ϣҲڹʵϡ
ҶС£ҲҰɡӦѾ֪Һ˲ף̫࣬ڻҪҼڣڻ
Цڲֶϼƿһǿⲻṵ̂Ұġôˣһûȷ˭ϼ壬Ϊûѡѡ˭㡣
ҲҺʹֵ̫ǿı׶ˣǣûܶһ档ڲܵͣҷκһλȻķѣҲʹʧ£ǲڵܳܵġ
ҶСݷðүӵԭɣ
üתһϵϣǣ룬аүӵ֧֣ѹסǵĴ
ҶСүΪȻסǡǣ԰ҵ£үӶ𲽷֣ǹغֵ£Բ֣ˣô󣬸ˣҪɰϸӹ
ЦԣүӾܾҡ
ҶС룬£ҲҰɣ
㣿ЩؿҶС졣
ҶСͦţûңȥʱţȫ֧ţ鷳Ҳ֣Ҫã
һ۵ӣвʹһ˿ůȻùүӸԲ˳ҲҶСҵ鷳ϲҶСɷšҲϣԼ
ҶСȻǺģҸ︮

ʲôҵĹүӣȻ˹סס

Ȼеţең˿ɲ֪ûԲأҶСҪסңȻҪͬ齣û׼ء
ҶСֽһ䣺УҪߵĵһã
𣿡
ʵ飬ʵ飡


81 
ҶС컹ǵһε︮︮˵︮˵ׯûڳǽһׯסĶˡ
˭ֻҪһׯ۴αȵĽȺשߵĹ죬ͲһСܾ߱ģׯĽֹϵƱԾȻˡ
ƷһһƷƷɲģһϵƷͿ˽⵽ϵǭʷжôԻͶƾá
ʷʼںʱûֻ֪ʷصĹԪǰ706꣬Ͼǭ塣̫ƽأκʱ˧ʲǧڸ
֮أعϡʱӵǧ嵱ʱȻεǿ֪ҶСڳϣһĿϾӵƷҲܵƾõʷ̡
Աߵȴ¶һ˿Ȼʧȥ֮ʱǾ;ǨתЩƷǴӹʵƹġ
ҶСüͷǭ·֮ѣ˽ⲻôʯƴƷҪһһжת˵˵أ乤֮Ӵ֪һٵĺķѣһСһ˾ܻϵĻ
ϵٹ⣬ֻʣЩҫƷˡΪٺҫҪţǵΪǴʲôʧȥʲôʧȥģҪû
ҶСס֣û˵ʲô޳ûʲôӴǧȱ۰ʼʣڣʲô
֮ܣֶκƽž޴ĲƸͬʱҲ˲űһ۹֮ܣ˱ɱ¾ҴҲܼܵӺͿƲͬϱһ˿Ԫ
һѾܵٷѿףһòĻʣȴԶһöɳ磬ľΪṩߵͬʱҲ谭ѿ׳ɳ
ҵշľӴ·֮壬һߴ鹣ǰеɫʯǸ·ſڻ˵õĿ׼ģڸˣ˾ҪУʾ𾴡
ʯǸ˳ʱǳƥʱʹõģϱĥۺͽſӣɼʹ˶ٴʯҲеģʯΪǼʣȻҪԱܻ䡣
˳һţֱһͷ̻Իͣ·һһŻÿһŽȥһԺ䣬еλߵ˺͵ϵסڣλԽߣסԺԽ
벽ҶСͷһ·ȥ˿һ·̬ȻҶС벽ʱݡ
ҴСĳޣһ׮£ûý֤ûеӭȢֱӱܵţɽӡˣǧһ¡ҹүӵĵϡ棬Ҳû֪Ҳӭô˽·˽ţ緵һȻСеıֵ˹Ŀ࿴ˡ
С㡭
ӡ
үã


ãӡ
ӭӭСɣѽͷһصĸţԺһҪ
һ·ȥÿһǵ˶к۾ȴڿҶС죬еĺ桢еȡеȴһ˿䱸Ǹɵĸ˾ɱݴСλ˾ͳôһ벻ɵС
ԣ߽ӵԺ䣬ӭ̺Ѿ澶ºȻЦһҶСҹƣֹһ˵ĹﻹסǣܴԭΪأҵˣ
һ䡰ҵˡ΢΢ЩߣҶСһѿʳĵһ⣺˯Ķ
ʱȾ˫գһڵҼô󣬻û˯ĵط
ҶСһƤģģʵҪĵطҲ󡣿ȣӣݣɻûԲأ
ûվҶСؼﱾͻŻŵģôֱ׵һиǻңٱ䣬Ҳ֪Ӧˣæתƻ㲻Ҫѽ˻ˡ
䣬ʣ
۲ҶСһİɣһȥѣ
ҶСشҲƵ뿪ˣҶС˫ԵĿ⿴ţʵڲȻҶСһ˫ӣ·ܰȥĻҡɷʵ𷴿֮ġ
߽Լ뷿һ۾ͿŻƻľƵ¶룺˯ģ
ҧҧ촽Щʧߵױ̨ǰ£棬üͷ˵ķ飬ʵڲϤģ󿴵һȫʶŮˡ
ҧ촽žŮӣãȻץһӣյͶӣٲǾдĵĲ֪ŮӣһŤתȥ

С鷿ڣһ¯̴㡣
̴ȴһ˼
һʣ¶һѩ׵оӨ͸һһֻȴһ֦
ƿѾ˼֦ǻģ÷÷ˮɡɽ裬Ӧһƿѩѡ
ʦӽ廨л¶лʦڲ廨С㣬һƿǽһҲлʦƼܻҪúӨӨƼȴһΪ֪
ƿѾ÷÷ˮɣǲǲ壬ֻⶪȥģһ֦ɽ裬һûһµĵƿУһ˫ƮҲ֪ȥ
С㣡
С㣿
ſڽˣһ壬ֱӣ
鷿ȭһ񣺡С㣬үѾѯϡ
ѿڵʲôˣ
ȵشͻȻֽؿڵˣظң
һϣߵĻ˻ȥүأ
мλг˵үţ𻰡
Ŷһȥɣ
ӦһҪת뿪ͻʵ㡭
ֶ룬Щҵذڰ֣ˣ˵
ʲô˵ҶСЦ˽
æǷү
ҶСͷû˳ȥ
ڲ廨ã⾳ǡ˺һľɣ֮䣬֮ɫˮ֮£֮оҲ
ҶС첻廨ʱһλ廨ķ˵䣬ǿǵϰѽǵļ֮˵˳
˿ڳЦԼҲڹ٩̾ѣٿǲһҵġ꺮ѡһŷҲеˡ
ȣ
ŵҶС䣬ԾѾֱֳʶʩʩȻˣЦ塢塢塢ʮ嶼ˣҿǶҶͦģеͽᣬӦöǳӡҵΣòû˵ô
Ц˵⼸λڼ֮λġ
ҶС˱裬̾ңȷʯֵǽĲҿҲչһĵǰңΪһֱĴͳ϶ɳһҶοȨѹţá
ҶС׵ףѲȵ꣬һɢûиٹϣԱ뼯Ȩڳ
ˣҳһֹ֧̫ҵĺ־֮Уûܷ졣
ҶСüͷ㻹ʲô
¶һ˿ЦѲҵˣȨҪȥġΪûκһøѡ˭Ϊ
ָ˵ȨڳҪȥɣǸϵҵӪĲƸũҵֵĵ䣬Ҫ帺ճߡʮ帺̷Щ
˿ֳеΣ⣬ܱ²Щ±뽻ɼ˴ʱû˸ҰģȻڣǼ޳ŵˣ֮˭ܷ˭
ҶСüȻʵϻƿҵľȨǷأֻҪѡ˼μѡѺ岻סӵܣ
ҡͷƽƽֵܣֽұб𡣾һһǹ½ɽĿʵǣҪֵǲ֪ˣοȨλף
ҲҪֻҪĻӴ¡£ҽսȥһУܿҲҪֱˡ
ҶСֶΣ壬˭ΥμȻƾһӮֻҪڼλȵһʱ䣬Ҳˡҵڼ䣬ܹϣѹϣһΣǺεȹϣôѶˣ
ĬȻβŵûˣ̸ף
һ仰ȻҶССǰºγǼϣ»κһЩ£ͱˣǻԼ磬޲ߣ
ҶСס֣ôļѡ˭
ҵĳΣ
ҶС˵ͷ֪ˣ
Щŵص˺ҵˣ
ҶСüͷԴһ˿аȻᣡ
οصлл㣡ң治֪ôˡ
ҶСҷһ壬αлˣ˯Ķ
ûһѣ֪˯̣˵šꡱһЦȾ˫գ


82 
ҶСС鷿Уһһ㺽㡣ĽǲͬģȴʤĿСܰ۵ľȳס˵ʵһǰδеǡ顣
ҶС΢Цվʱ䲻ˣȥ¥Ҵͣɲܽ˼ҾõȣʱȻһĸо
̫ƣ
ضҲûб˼ֻǸ£ܵطӦע⵽ҶСЩʱĳӾǲ뷨߶ȴסֻǰһۡ
ҶСٺһЦȴҲûмܻݡ㵽ΪֹζϲһĸԸ߽ĸоǶ߹Ǽ˫Ůӣֳɾ͸УϳʱһƮƮȻĸо

ҶС˳ŷ֣ͱᳵ˴γľȻͭʸĳ;⳵ʵʣݻҲݻǡ
ҶС쿴ǲԷ㣬ңڵĴţֻܿЦһλϼ¡Ѿׯˣܲٻȥ˵Ҳͦĵĸо

ţʻ˹ǣһţʽŵĳӣټŭǰվ֪Ȩ˼ҳУȻȻؾͱ˿ȥŹٸǲҵѡ
ţϳ֣Ա߱һп۹ڳмµҶСȫûвһпƥƥۿϵʿ¼ۣУͬһͲѰ˼ҡ
ǰһŮһףСȹü续쳣һۿڵƹͻȻһֻϻ鱦뵵ĸо򵥵˵ǰһ
μ
μڹйۡμҵƺ֪СҪŶﵽ˸ǰҲֱ۽˸ȥθ鹸ߴ󣬳ݺᣬڻ¡
ЩɲҸг׷ڸǰӲŽ븮С
С㡭θಽظ߽ʱ޽ǣѾ亹߳
ͻȻ뿪Сģߺ󽫽ʱμҵ˲֪Ϣ쵶׷ϵģμүȴֹȥɣ⺢ӣЩѻѾҪ
ȥǣһ˵˸̨ټʯͣһ¡һȥֻ»ǳ¶
ʲô£
⡭Ҳ֪ΪС
үץһһѲ豭һ٣ôţǻܱȵùţǸС쵰ǸСӶû¶μҵĹŮҵҪ˭Ұ
ôţһ·ֱ߸û׷үҲ֪ͨ˹ߣֻҪͱɵȥμȻа취ϵ֮ǰϢ͵
ǣʲô̶ȲŽСͱ
үû˵ԼᡣȿɾͲðˡθµȻ亹䤱ֻԶѣԶǰǵֵܣ꣬ʵеԶ˵ֲóļľٶ
ˣʮ壬ôˣ﹫ΪʲôҪȥɽ
θ¾һŰ˵Ϊﲻ﹫Ӳ֪λϤһϢæȥʾϵʱü˻ҩ
ȦˣӨȻ˭
θµøˣ˵ʯҵһλ£Τҵ˾ص׾˾ˡ
һĨ֮ɫΤҵأˣͲ뱨𣿡
θУһȴ¾ǿ︴ҵ﹫һСϾͻңֱЩӣæڼһʱ鲻
ãûգİ𣺡θ̨ټΤҵҲɣ
θȰ裺ֻǶ׶Ѱֲ޵ҡϼļĳôҲֲ
ǿ࣬θﻹȰóڣֻÿ˾ף˵ί֮Ӧû
һڽױݽҧɱڡ

¥Դչұ¥䣬ͼɱҶС֮󣬻ˣ
Ȼ羰һַ羰ķ羰ζǵȵطζǲӼ˷һĻĻϡһ׸踳ӽ⺷¥ֵطǵ
ԣ̶ȵر˵һսģ¥İɾ¥¡ԶʤǰĽľƿͲҪʧˣΪľ¥˰ˡ
¾¥ҶС죬Ŀǰӣհ¾¥ǰӣҪĿҶС졣
¥ƹٷһ¥¼ľ¥ǭУϧӣ˭ôһ
¥ϣ̴˿ҹ࣬ϹܰܣӺͣʮöҶСͰӲòŮֺյͣ裬ʮֵȤ
ǰ輧ŲŤϸɺձ̺衣ȣŤڳջߣöкá
˴θ̨˳棬ͣͭʡʯظλ˾ˣؿƽϢַˡȴ֪Ҷϵʲô㣿һھƣЦеؿ˶裬òҶСһ䡣
ҶС輧ڶ˵ӣҲɣҲɣүӵ仰Сһֱ
ҶС𱭣򰲹ʾһ£һھƣֵү˵òСһ˳˳ˮһܴԭڸ˼д㣬ԶСݡСΪеչңָԼ⡣ҪС֪ܲˣţ¾ͻҪ浯ѹˣ
ҶСЦأٵصǲңǸ̨ˣҪǲˣСֻϣ練ƣҪ˵λȱΪķүϡ
ӹһЦô˵ҶϵǴͣסŲ̸ˣ
ҶССڳùˣϧ֦̫ϸϵҲïܣסʲôꡣһζߣһˡͣ֡׳Ϊá
ʱ輧һգ׷׽Цӿ欣ޣ֬ļ͸ϼɫԽޡ
һ̾ƵŮ׷˵һߣ˶ˣһҶСߵ輧λӾûп˼ѽֻԼ죬Ҳ˼ࡣ
˵ţ˶ҶС֣Լ䡣壬еҶСҲһ
ӴЦ˳§סһ輧СҶС˽ˣãǲıģֻķ£ֻķ¡
ҶСҵ輧֬͵Ц̣Ȼụ̈ףҲ̾¥ôı£ľɫ輧ѹһԾΪһ¥
뵽ӵصô⼸˶ΪַѾ˼޵ֵĵһ輧ɫȥɣ
ҶС֪ԭЩɫ輧ǰԼģͷڽʱСҲȥķ³нԶ޵Щ輧ĸ۶ģɫһ
ҶСһ˵輧лϲһˣӭӵЦˣҶϵܲáٺ٣뾡ţҲǸͣ½£ˡ
ҶС΢΢һЦ˶֣һڴƣĵǰүӵˡ˵ĻȶȻָӦӦȴһȶһ㣬뻻ͻġ
֣ӦȻǲֶν£Ϊһᵼҹɷ𶯣Ϊ˾ұȻҪشʧ⵹Ҳ⡭
һƣҶСͰｻ䣬˫δͼʹ˽˸߰˰ˣҺҶСĿȻͬĴȴǲıϡƣⳡȻҲͺȵ÷ǳ졣
ĺ˷𣬸ɢȥҶСţյֻ︮︮ŽӵԺ䣬ҶСȻͣסŲᣬջһ֣輧ϵ֬㡣
ϿһҪʱ̣һ߹ġӺݡ޵ĵǾˮƿУȥֲߢлŮҪǲˮɲܽá
ҶСɢ㣬Ȼһλ˶վţʱһϽһЦ첽ӭǰȥڵң
ŵľٶһܵӣ̲ס鶯˼£ǿЦ⣬Ȼɾغôˣ߷곡Ϸǲںġ
ۣȻд󸾷緶ҶСʶţѡеӡˣҶСģĬĬΪʮޣ
ü΢΢һֵͯ˵ʿӷʱУ˼ǾùֵֹģԺӦŮҲͰˣܷ񲻽̾أ
ҶСʧɫʲôˣЩò輧ˣ
ûصȻΪʲôҪ棬ڸ磿
ҶС˼ӵ˫ֺͱ˼ĵطʱһ飬ʱֽеѽɶˣҪԡҪϴ裡ӣ˱ˮԽԽã


83 ˫
ҴլԺԺ䣬濴ÿһԺƺ߽ȥŻ֪ж죬ҲǰһԺ䣬һԺ䣬Ѱ򶼵Ǵ׸˼ҲеĹģ
ԺȻҶСѾ̺ŴùʱЩţǴ˾ʵС̫࣬½ֻӵ⴦Ժ䣬Ҫ軨ѵĽǮ͵˾
ԡãΪ֮һءһĶصһӣˮȻճˮˣǵصȪˮ뵣·ɾ
˵λʱȨһأΪԡ֮ãԡÿУնˣϷӾرߵʯˮһɣϢԡֻԡҲá
ү£һ귽ʮ壬üĿȻ续СѾ˵һһ˫־̽ҶС䣬½
ԼԼ࣬æܾȻܵԼ£̽ͷȵؽС뿪ǿɲҶүɡ
򶨣һҪ򶨣¶ӣҶСǿ򶨣վǶ£·Ҷ˼ʶ㣬;˺ɣ˾ռߡϰΪӡֻͺ¶Ľš
ɲŵİɡ
ҶС룬ҲŮԥؽ⿪ˣҶСʱ˳Ӥһ˿ҡҺƤ⼸˼ʶҲˣһ
ŮһҶСʱ⣬ųȵĲԡأ̤ƵĴʯ̨һ߽ȪҶСȥ³һڱ˵ӷ
漴ͷ˫̤ҵ
ʲô
ҶС͵͵һ飬ʵڿļ򵥲סҪ˿òŮԡߺ趹ԡأ
ܿͿˣŮ޺̣ϱ߷໨ϸɵС׿ԭϴʱҪˮֹʰһ䲻ģҶСлȻ
ϴޣȴҲϴܡҶСֲܶԹǶֶţǾֻһӤǰڲһ޵ԡҲ̣ͬܵĺˡ
뷿֮ڣԾױҲԡ˵ģֻһϮ˯ۣ͹µ۵ļһ京δŵĻ䣬ȴӵ˵ŵ㣬ĸܿϢ
ͭ⻨棬绨ҧ촽νΣһͷĳ£ˡ
ӣỬ㷢Ἰ£˵۲תţȻ뵽Ǹںլԡˣ˿ӳС㷺һĨ̺졣
ʱһŲƹСɽصȻǶ磬ͣһС¹

ͭǹ۱ǳ˵ĵһٵװŪȴΪҶСĲƣŪɨأҶСıֻòֻͭʣǨתչˡ
ͭʵĸδ£ٴҲ¡˷ɲΪװŪƭǮΪ͸ݵĹײ㣬ܵѼ鱨ӰЩˡ
һͭǹȻ͵ԱˣҶСƺҲûվӵ鷳ͭʵĸ𡣴ڹҶС죬оԼûж⣬ְͽ¯½飬Ҳ˵ͭʵ
񳤷˵ͭʺ͹һҲʱطָؽͽʱ䣬ͭʡ
ͭûãͽӵļŮƷţ˵ҪͭСסһ󡣳˵ȻϲζܴطһʲˣŮӣֿɴ󷽵ĺܡ
һΣԸо˹죬ŮӣòƲͭɢĻȨô򵥡ڵмòֻΪһ仰ٹ죬ҹ˸ȥأôڲ߻ʲôıơ
Ϊһɫһƭӣеģһ涣Ҫ޶ãĪǳ¶ˣһͼƷ׳ܡ
ƷȻֶ󣬼һɣȴҲܺг˴ƷϢ磬ʱȻҪĻϴ
ˣƷͭʣ֪ͼıʲôǳǰɣаǸ˫Ȳȱ˵ıʿģÿοҵ﷢ë
ϵʿ磬źһ˼
ֵͭҶСĵ̣ɡ죬Ʒͼƨɾͻزˣǿ߲һΪƷͬ
Խ˵Խ£ŵصɱ˾ɱƵһţ
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ΪصѾ֪ҶСǺĻҲϣҶСʲôӣ룬ƷΣעľٶʲô춯ʱϷ򣡡
𣬼ȥҺٴˡ

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ҶСһ䣬Ȼɤ̨¿͵ʱһЦȥɣȥɣ
ҶСһţǾꡰǽʱˣôȵùʱӿٳʱ˺ʱˣԹ޲ȡʱ˵̨¸һƬЦ
ҶСϷСɱǡǶжֵܣﻪ䡢ӴΪѣܵټֳ˼ϽżȰɡﻪȰɣšΣֻҤڰ
һմѩﻪƺҹؼң;еѩϣȣȡﻪϵ֬񻷺ͱﳤȥپﻪؼС
ﻪֵܾ֮󲻼ϵ񻷺ͱ͵ȥٴһ٣ָϳȥﻪΪ˹滮ɷ򣬱һֻɱ˵·ʬ壬ſڡ
ﻪҹΪˣŵüæȥ˰æʬ˲ϰæľҤֵٲǣۣҪʬ
˸ϻؼʱΪǮٸˡʱﻪӳ˵࣬ﻪ˵ĿȻԼֵعںá
ҶСʱ䱾Ͷ̣ټĿԽԽӰ֮ӣﲻ̫һɤܵڳЦ͸ˣʧ
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ҶСɲǿһгԷϷӣôҲһλүܵʱͣ˳Ϸ̨
ЩҪ£ʱ̨˫Ťһ̨¿һ£ΰҷɣ˵Լ׷ȥ
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Ϸӵ˺Ǵһţ෽ĻҲ֪˵ȼˣŨ̹ҲάһӣӳսȺ
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Ƿ׷ߣϷǼѵشӵʱȻҶСҶүڵ²ʡѪģѪͲںϳһֹܵɫǶ̮ˡ
ҶүҶүϰҶС£ſؿҶүĲҽϷ԰ص
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ҶСһĵ˶ɴ۾һľȡ˶ȻһЦһѩ׵˹ȥҶᣬѪɡ
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ҶСһȻԼĴƺЩʱļһ£ҶСŤͷһͼһֵָֻľ֣ҶСһ̧ͷͿάܵЦ
ҶСͰ͵صϴ磬˭ΪʲôҪҴϳӣ
άûлش𣬶ĽŮЦūƷҶ᲻صģ˼Ҫһĸ󣬿ɲҪ
ҶСδģŮһ˵λ˼бϴҲͶԷһġ
ҶСһֻסСޣɪһӣɫвصҸʲôҿɸǣֵţҶС죬ֵܣ


84 Ѽ
ҶСвĻƷеЦŨˣҶᣬ֣ǵܣԼֵܣֳѵ߳𣿡
ҶСɫڵһͺʵ
Ʒβȡ֮أ
ҶС΢΢һ㶣˿Ʒɫ˵Цӣҡҡͷ¶һȻɫɥصͷȻҲϣҡûֵ¡ģ
ҶСԸ˵仰һĸֵͬܣò߰һ޶ȴ֮µ鷳ǿܵܰյĸλܸܵ裬Ҫ˵ûһܣûûˣټʱʱֵܱȽϣԴ˸С
Щ˷ǲ⣬С֪ǴôԴԼҲֻúƤԸϵʵ˵仰һ˵ڣҶСϾͻġ
ƷüͷԼ̣ͬȷʵⰡѵΪǰҪҶС̨ôȡ֮Ǳȡ֮
Ʒҡҡͷȥ
ҶСֵ̿صҪʲôδˣһֻ־浽ϣһͿĨҩָһĨҶС˼£ͻȻʹȥ
˫ֿסҶСļƵİ˳ȥάվǶ΢΢Ƿ׶Ʒ￴һľ֣Ҳ°ɣúܺã㣡
άһ󼤶æǷΪЧң
Ŀеĵλ˼Ȼ˵仰Ǿһı֤Ȼʧȥ˫֣Ӵȴ˸ߵݺ͵λõһͷ˵ݣĻҪ˵ʧȥ˫֣ʧȥ˫Ҳֵá
άһмˣĬΣҶСùȥô
Ʒ˫ĵ۾΢΢£˺ͻˣòܴᷢı仯ټϱ࣬͸Աʶˣ£ֻĸĸǿܿһ
ǡţˣҲ·̣·ǸϵʬѾ˺ü죬ʱģǰı仯ʲôҲԷˡ
˵ͷҶСðҶС쵱ȻףѴʺòⶼģ£òͬ˶ΪǸòͬѾǰ£Ǻѷ쳣ġ
ΪѴǷ˽ֻҶС˽顣һҲǷǳΪѣֻҪ˹ȫԾƶӦ䣬ҶС̡
˵ĺΪѡһƷӦҲǡƷһۣƷ⣬΢΢һЦȷǸ鷳ûƾʵݵ£Ȼɣ˵ôȻ˵ȡΣô죿ţɢ
ƷֵҶСˣ⻼֮£ţѡҲּλοҶСڱûÿԼ̳λּλȻòͬĪðҶС죬ȶġвǲ֣ţҲѡɡο
ƷŲӣһ˫ӶϣοһλˣΪߵĵһıʿдڣЩ鷳ܽ
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ƷȻһᰲšţȻΪҶС첻ҶС죬Ҳ˻
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Ʒ￴ĿͻȻһЦ
ʱκʱ򶼸Ĵµĳɰˣ룬صҶСģȻֵĶԹ֮δˣô
ƷȻǺֵܣЩ⡣ֵѾˣȥռֵµһУ˵᲻Ӧ
Ŀӹһ˿âЩȲصôҪģǶҶС˰ɣ
ƷҶСһ̿ʼ͵컻գʽʼˣ

ױ̨ǰңױ̨һյ¹۹͵ĵƣƹϣ˯¶һۼƹһӳɢ͵ĹâӨ͸
Ȼע⵽˵ĿӸµؿڣΣæסڣ߾ҿʲô
ҵģԺԶҵģΪʲôܿ
ҶСЦ˵ţӵסӣʱһĻȴһֱĿУ˽ĻִЩ¡
ϱ⡣ҶСһۣߵЪϢɡ
ʱ泱죬ԴӾɷ齣Ѿ֪һѲɱ⣬µͷǲš
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ҲҶֻǴ۾ϸҪ˯ڴģŮҹʱҪȥǴɡȻҲĹء
ҶСһԾ˵ϣЦеؿ˫չ̣ŵҪϨǵƣȴҶСͻȻһֻţ֫һվȣѽһϡ
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һ仰û˵ڣͱҶСԵסεĴߵ룬סȸࡣ㰵£ˣһʱת
ҶС˳ߵһ·ȥѣһֱԲ̵ͦΣִ֬壬ʵҶСȻ͡һЦ
˫ۡεſ۾ʱޱУκһ΢СľٶжзŴЧӦҶСЦſ۾Щ˵Īҵʲôȱݣ๫Ц
ҶСȴΪʲôҪԼֻҶСỬ̵գǵںسꣿʱû뵽һӡҪ֪ô۸
һ˵һ뵽ԼǴȥϮɽ龰νԵݣž˰ɣĿʱͷ߾һ䣺㻹˵
ҶСȻſ˫סĲӣӵȥһʱ׹ػҶС췭ϣҵس˯ۣһŅ̀ӡ
һʶʲôӲ˼Ҫһ̵ĵǲҶСĿ£ƺҪǷѩһӿͨ͸ͷȻһš
ĴºŲҶˣºŰ׻Ϊ׻ΪʱùҴĻҩѩ˺˵˵˼ɻ䡣˵֮ǰδֳйأδΪǰ׻̫֮Ӳ±ҶС쿴֮⡣
ҶС챻һҲֹͣʤյԼҲ԰СײˣʲôʱͣҲǼϣòˡ
üһĨ˵⣬ҶСݺݵش¡һʹԶɽüҶСҵĶȴӦҺ죬⼹ͷų޵ġ
ҶСһݽĸоŢݣ԰ΣԽݵԽڹʲô궴ߡ
Ȼ򣬳¶ҶСĶأֻǱܵڽеֿһٹҶС쳤ֱ룬ֱߵڣʱֿ࣬ɷ̢
ʶģԼӷ·粨еһҶСֻۣܺ޵ֿǷߴĳ˼ٵĺǺԶ·һ㣬һУ֪ںδ
ڣһδξ·һɲܿƵĵļ͸һδξҵس鴤ţѩɽᡣһܿƵļУһ˫۵ͦñֱ·һֻѼĺոչĳ
ᣬ۽ǻ£һ̣ѼɵŮˣ⽻ڵĸо


ʮ ͵컻


01 
͸еһֳЩױ̨ϵĵȼб߸ӵʣ磬δ䡣
Ȼſ۾ע⵽ȵ壬һʶ֣Ȼҹ̲סĽߡԺȻһˣδй飬һʱֲ֮ʵĸоȴȻر̤ʵرۡ

ȻһҪ£һһ𣬲ŷԼŴƣǱѩ˫嶼ֳŵָϽ£ԱһۣҺ˯ģŪѡ
˿ƱӣʲôֲÿϸֻðżȻӦһ׾ģ찡Ů˵Ҫ飬Ȼˡ
һתһƣʼٸ߻ں˯ӣϸȻµ񣺡۽ëͦأϸܵ룬һˣҪҪëôӺͦͦ͡Ưġ
۸ģҲ˵Լ˿Ǹʲô飬Ǿճյһ󣬷һӴȻ뵽һҪ⣺
һýҹڵĲˣ֮ԺҲ֪˵ЩʲôôСèƵ˯ˡʱȻһҲˡ
͵͵ȥȥԡһʱַ˵⣺㡢˯ºĨضˡ
Ŭ죬ʱ·Ǳɷҳ¶ڴϵģתתûڱϷ·һ˫־
ΣﴩĵĨҵˣϵϣǺȻǽһĨʵİ죬ʱϽĨز
ҲˣѹҶС£ѾҲûܴҶС°ʱĽŴ˯ۡ˯ѾһţĽ£ֻŻȥò׼ס˯ۣҪ͵ֱߣ˫һ飬پ
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ƹСɽصȻǶʱȻ˽ƵӣƺЩʣȻǱ˯»Բҡҷһ·ʧˡ
ƺҶСˣٶϴϻˡ޶ԽխСҷˮ޷βȹϵϻᣬ˫ࡣţʱ˴ˣΨдʱһ»鸾ˡ
һҹѪͨʱһһݹĸоβ࣬˿֮ϲһһ䣬һһɢɢл⡣
ҲãٻķˬţޣׯԶ˵طѩ˿ɫ͸ϲΡ
ҶС컹ûѣ֪Ϊʲôһ˯ͷһɣ̵ĸоŮϲˣһ̶ҲǰѶԷӳġ
齱Ķ£˫°ͣ΢ЦĹ뷿Ĺ봲Ǵ˼Ψһˣ˿һ˴ݵĹ봲ϣȴһҲաĻϲ
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㷢˿˳ˮ˳˼£㷢δ룬һûŻҡؿȥͼҶСڴϣµؿЦ
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ҶС˳ŵȥһС̲޺ġ÷һ㵣漴̲סعЦĳǰȥڣվֵֻ߲ӳȥдģҶСӲЦ
쵰
վ£ߵض˶ţȻһ̧ͷͷϴӡ׵ѾԺɨͣһĿɿڴؿĿ桢СŮ̬ĴС㡣
վסˣ˫һĿɷ˶ʱ˿ǴСոһۻǣϴļϴ׵ļףɨļɨ

һùͣҶС˸ĳ岮ϵĺβŽɢȥָ˴ݡ
ҶСúȤݣһ޵ӨӨºѵĺܣõģģƽصƽʵڴȤ
Ȼ֪ڴ污ҶСҲͲôȥҲ˲ŽȻ
˵ǸΣôû˻ӵԺ䣬һԺŶҶС͵ʵ
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ҶСС֣СִʱỬ֮ǰֵȻͬ˵Ҫ㣬ȻҪ֡
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豾˳ҶСţʱɷתסҶС죬һЦŤͷԸʮĸһˡ
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Ŀ࣬һӣǳȣ󣬲ûиһŷɰĸоЩɽһء
ҶСһ;ûѡˣ˻ȡ㣬س࣬µ˵Ǽõĵˡ˲ò࣬Ƭ̹ξ͵߸ҶСĵһӡ
ϣһҶ
ֻ֪ʲôèǰҵϹϾǱһˣûеǰϡ
ǿĸΪ̾û˸ɡһ뿪ңЩμ˾ΥɢӶҽ治ںˣֱָѡ
ϳ˫̫ԵĽϼ֮ѹˣǰֻ֪ΨΨŵŵþ֣Ǽн̬֮ڵղ
С㣡ү
δ׶һ֪С٣кηԸ
һһʱҲ֪λشˣʶؾҶСȥҶС찵ЦżȰͷѱţ̳һͷͻųɰ


02 һһ磬һ
⼸ľľһΣʱһֻһΣⳡһֱûѣţʵڵľһУ̥ǣӴ˸ıһ
Ŀһֱǵ÷ǳմӳ˸СҪϳڰһֱȨ֣˵ͬ壬ȴʵҵĹϵλͬ
βҵȥһϹϾ˿ҰڳּӣػһС㣬ϰԵشֶԸˡ
ʱ۽ǵע⵽λμĹүĴСֱۣܿظкλʮĸ˰ɣ˵㡭
үȵشкˣүҪ밲ӣͬ硣޲ʣŹү˳ǣŷֽǰĲǰҴӣμҾ壬μҾ屲͵¡
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ЩеκһݵλȥҴүͣӰй֮β߷һΪ֪ӵܣֵʮĵһС
Щ˸һϣţոֻĬĬķݶȶط֣ЩŹӸȻȫ˿ƽƽˡ
˵Щ˲ҲȻҶүǺܴض˵ݣЩ˺ͲݸʹңͲʸƽƽ
ǾȻλ׵ڶϯĳ¸̨ӣҴӶס
ЩȻԼûйְҲûռ壬ڸͼӰ죬ٳϰ͹Ѿ֪͸ǵ֮Уűϰ衣
ƽʱʲôںӣ˴ͶϵĹӸǹϵõܴһƵģһڻ£һЩƺһĲֵǹϵӰ졢ݵλϸڣȴע⡢Ҳں
˵λӸһͬϯĳᣬǡǡͬʱô˭Ƚš˭ţǱҪһҹͬϵĴģ˵ϯϵλǾ͸˵ˣԲܳ
һΣˮŹӾۻᣬټλƹ˼־򵽻Ĺ´ǣһλҹӼλһλҹԸһټλԼʱһʱ⣬˺ҹӵ֣֮˷ҹӵ֡
λҹȻЦĲһ˿ע⵽һģӺݷ緶ǴԺλƼҹټκᣬλҹӾ硣
Сôе㣬ÿһŹͽʳų󼰵ٻȴҲͨûеĸΣ
ǵһһҪ˼ϡЩӵܣһҲǺ
ˣβŸе˼飬ܳΪû棬ûԹ⣬Ҳ·ģҵκЩӵܶЩƲķȽڵӣΨˣ𺳡
⻹꣬죬ҶСˣǱҶС죬пܻһһξۻȦеһЩˣһЩѣ罻ȦȻÿζܵҶСԽԽĽˮǵߡ
ڴ˹УÿһҶС춼ͬÿһζȵע⵽ЩݡλӵеԶ󼰵ǣֳغȡ
ӴĶһˣһ˳ֵܣ˵ĿУҲֱͬ仯ؾܸо
ĶˣȻҲû룬ǹ˴ͳǱｻЩŹ˵ʵһָԲʸˣ˵ʸҲûеġ
ҶСٵЦ̸ߴ£ڹһЩŹ룬صҡ
ٿʱ仹һʱ͸ϵⶨĲ˵ַһ飬ĥʱ䡣֮ǰСʱסˣҪ˼Ҳϸô죿ҪֻһдǲҲˣһʮ֮˾Ŷô죿
ԽԽûмʶˣҲ֪ЩŹȻϸԼҲԤʱ֮ǰ̫þ͸ϵʱһ˲ʲôΪ֮
ɴʱһ˶ûУҵ˶ԹۣҶСȴֲڸϣҶС˿밲ͬ
˴ʮɣѡϼѡɣؿϣؿҶС죬Ȼѯʵ˿϶Ĵ𰸡
֮ǰҶС֮ǰ˸ӹһŶСʮͬϣƣҲ밲ִк
δκ˵ļμȣûκΰʾ֮ٵƣʹϰ˰£һоգṫڡ
ҶСȴȫͬƺһǿҷʧܵĺôݵѸ£޲ĵظȫˣҪˡ
ʮɲѡģѡġ
ƲƲ죺Ƿһ壬𣿡
ҶС΢ЦУѡֻǰվ
쿴ҶСһۣû˵ҶСĴ˾֮УλӸϵĽЩϾܶЯѣ߶߶
ȻͬȥԽԽãʮԽԽÿඣ
ҶСЦæ԰˵Ǿֲ֮ƴǰɣ
ƴôɿȨһףֻûоܾɣֻܿЦŵ˵ͷһΪѵģðɣȻ˿ڣһܾܾ𣿡
ҶСЦİĴȵӣСǷһ顣ҲγΪ֮㰲ӽ֮ôֺα⸱鲻Ըģ
Ц޷ܾԭҶС飬κ˶޷ԵһһΪ֮лرĪѩ̿ܲס
ǣΣлʼնҶС죬ѡΪѡҶСӣôඥΪƵҶС죬ܲĴм
ҶСõĻˣҪ֪һҶС˲ˣЩÿһ޴ڣÿһ˱һӴܱҶСҶСΪƣ˻γɶƣ
ݺ绽˵ϼյԴӵۺĵ̣ҶСأ
첻֪ҶСǷҲ뵽ȷǣҶСѾγһɲκ˺ӵңûӴļûۺҵ̡
Ψһṇ̀ܰʳŲĹ̴ɽдƽ̽δɹһ£ı¡
յĽΪڼǿڲҲⲿģǣס㲻ǰҶСȴܿʵƽ̵ģԶԶ֮á
Ӧ֮͵컻֮ƣҲΪţγȫȡҶСһˣһܳɹȡҶС죬һ޷ƵģţͿԡ
ֻһ˵ǺγһģѳΪһšһһţγɵʱȴǡǡһ촫漫߸ӢӢɵġ
һһ磬һһţҶС졣


03 Ů
ΤҵǽյͭʡšչܡļԼͯ½չļҵˣѱҶС䣬νѲڡ
żһδβģһδαҶСԭΣѾʧȥ˷֮ҶСżҿǣżͭʵĲҵǱϸƣȥ
Ҳ˵żҵءҵ񣬶ҪǼżյĸϸҶС첢ûգǱԸֻͭǨͭʣŲΪѡ
żĸͭʣأµͳ߿ֵľͳμԱβʵʵˣҲܡԵʵΪ˵ҲżѾǨһٶǰϼĴǨ㡣˴ǸǾԶΪٻ
չҶСѹЯ֧ķֻ£ڸصҶС죬ʯҸˣͭʣǲһڸ̨Ҷ˵֮£ʯ䡢ͭ仯һкϷõ˾˵ǡϣ
Ͼ˾Ƿͻ̸еķʽ˴˼ìܡ£ǵȻᵣĴʲôգѾⲽأҲûʲôɰڣΤҵ͵ĺܣֻ˶ʮӡ
ΤҵûɵڴϣȻЩŮǽȥңĵλǰиܿɽҲˣΤҵܴ
ǸҰĵˣҲᱻˮ޼ƣֻǰûڵΪģѡţΪУͶҶС졭
Τҵ׷ţǰͻȻһ嵶󺺣˫ۣضס˽ֿڡһЩɱڵӣϰյʱǱͻ׷ɢ
·иϹӣִһӣһλϸ֣Ű۶ϱǰֿŮעð
ŭҾ֪˵أⶼˣûӡߣͷҾö˵ͼһųֵɱڶϹӹֽһȾܣýһͷӣһ̯һͷСȥĿɿڴ
Τҵ΢΢һ㶣סδţǹȨƼ֮أҶС޼ɵɱ˵ķӲ࣬˵̸ʲôͷ˭ڳ⸱Ը
ΤҵܵΪԷϴˣʱҲһŴ󺺷ŵһʿֹ֮ۻ룬ɽ֮ءΤҵҲǰľæʾݣʯң̨ǰϣ·ߺˣ
ǰ·һ˴󲽸ͷǰһλ籰˫Ŀ΢죬˪ǰվһŴһ·ʿŵĹ˽
Τҵס䵶ŵصǲϴˣ¡
λĹñΤҵ
Τҵһ˼Ҷг֣ȻΪʶŮ벻֮ʲôԹΤҵΤҵ֪·Ϊ
۾΢΢û˵ֻǴлһɫ˿ϵͷϣǰ׷桢ΧµĴҲӻһ籣ϵڶͷ
Τҵ󾪣ɫǲϴˣ֣˵
һӣȵɱһ

ҶС졢١ٵ˰̧ӣεѸ
ҪСҶСЩֶΣУǺǵĴүƽƽЩƵƵţγֵܣĿеĵλ㲻ͬˡ
ڴ˹УεҲѡΪ̳ˣ˵ӵб;߱൱ǷȱʵǲŸɺͱ죬Ϊþ£ֻ֪£ȱټԦ˵Ǻơ
ҶС˰ٵȶڸĥʯξһδеľֶ۵âչ¶εı仯Ȼϲ⡣
๫ʮĸҪˣһЩ˽˴ƣѾʼ£˵ţǩһܹϣݵҶС
ҶСӯʵĴϣЦеصʵҪ˵һ壬Զ㡣ֻһǵڳ֮ŮȻļͳߣȻʮ첻˸ơҲͬ
΢΢ݣóϷصںʷةͭƹ٣ֱ˾֮УÿһζǴ޵ССҲû˻δһ˶㣬Сһӵĸ߷壡
ҶС̧۾ϷһͦЦصϧѽһɽһɽߣȻҪĸ߷壡
ֻҶСǫУҡȻҶС󷢽ǩʲôٿٿ˼Ϲӡ
ҶСȻвһֻȥסǽͦ飬ЦصֻӿɲУö֣ҪȻ
ҶСֽ˵޺޵ĵ֣ɫһʮĸ룬ӦöһЩȨˣشİ׺͸
ҶСΪȻ֮վֻһʱãҪɼ²źá⣬ЩпʮˣҲڼеνҪְˣܲ覰ɣʧ󣬲ϳ͡
Ŀһţʩ֮
ҶСִǶˣ͵ʮĸˡ
ʱ⣬뵽ѡļѡܿҪ׿ȺԳеʹкòϲҶСһǣֻһۣӣδһ˫ͦѹҶСϡ
ҶС޸ȻΌܣһԣѣһӣһҧѽһٿһʱЩ
ҶСôߣסϸӣδٻ˴ɡ
һ죬סֵͣյģҪʲôչͯ˶Ҫ˰ɣ㻹ȥæ£
ҶСƽ̹Сصǰʲôõĵġһ˶󲹸ݣֲ£Ҳ죬ʲôõĵģ
ҶСеСΪ˸⼸ҶСҹҹеĺܣһŪʱӦӿȴֲãڴ⽥ư֮ʣ˵үΤҵˣ
һϽƿҶС죬ҶСȻ룬żΤҵʲôˡҶСЬµأƹ磬ãͼֹ֮⡣
ҶСʵ˵ΤҵʯС˾ص׾˾ˣʲô£
ֱɱ
ҶС쾪˶֣
μң
Ѿӹ뷿и˳ɫȻβصμҴС㣬λùϧҴ֣ûǸݡ
ҶСһڳΪʱﲻֻ֪ǺףΪð踣ɱˣҲΪ֮
ɱ˲ͬʱڡ״̬ҶܻδΣڹɱˣǾҶ̨ϡǸ磬Ҫűοƾ˾Ȩһ⽮Ҷ̨Ĺ裿¶鷳ˣ
صҪ
ҶСĿ΢΢һУ㲻֣ܳ
üΪҴֱΣҪ
ҶСҡҡͷ㲻֣ܳ
ҶСҪȣ˵ˣ㡣¶ʮɰɣ
ĵصôɣ·ǱѰʮĸ»
ҶСֱۣصĹӲģʮһ


04 ؼ
Τҵֻ˶ʮˣҪǣʮֻǺ̴ͨӣʯѾûԼǵװͷţˡ£ЩǡС족Ķ֣
Щ˶ΪС㣬ϼСһ֧˽װȫһˣμҵ֮£Ƕܹһĺܡ
һսΤҵ̤ڽ£ʱɲλ溮˪Ĺ﾿ʲôޡΤҵ˻ʯҵˣҺ͹޳Թ
Ц޳Թһ﹫ģסҽ
﹫ӣΤҵĿһȻû뵽֮ǰ⣬ƶԸţġԼϣ⵽ıӦȻδޡ
ԩ鲻ģҡΤҵһֱﲻ˵Ϊһ˵࣬Ӵ˾Ͳܼʯңһ뿪ңشܵȥ
ڸֵӾʲô˲ˣ˵࣬Ψ˵ܱ࣬סٻǰһĲֵ
ˣͬʱԶҲһһɫӰɱ߼ʮˡ
Ѳȡ̨Ҷܽפ֮ҪƿصľǹƲˣ̸ƿȫ֣ٿݣǿ¥󣬳˵Ρ
ԶԹҶ̨٣ҪšҪԱȫĸѲȾĸ֮һҶ˧ɶʱΪǣ׹
˧ױҪȱ˸ߵĶ࣬ǰȨ㳯ҰĽָʹ͸٣馵
Ҷ˹ѲյױСҲͳƿعΰѲ졣ѲٶƷ٣ֻʮʽ죬⻹ж¡۶ټϲӶİУȫҲֻٶˣѲѲ߮ǡѹȫΰȫˡ
ƺЩֻսȴλǿѲ£ǵĳǺƤѲ֪ж˳߶ĿסΤҵʱ򣬾˷ɱȥˡ
ʱȸոոԶеʱȻŭ׷Ҷ˧꣬ʬɽѪɱʿѰ˾١ΣҪץˣҷߣһܻҶ˫ȣٽ⸰˾죬һʱԶ˸Ƥӵ벻ھ˵ɱˡ
ѲҲһεΡĴһͰ˳ǵһûһŵ֣ХֱȥһУ²ҪΪ롣
ûп͵һΤҵδ˵࣬Ѿ۾ݺһȥۡһѪŽΤҵʬ׷룬Ŀŭ͹䣬Ŀ
ﬣ
ĵһʿͦײȥķɣʿҲеѸٳһѺֻۣҪײضɡ
Ѳһǹǳ֮¾Ȼɱˣ_Ŀȵ󵨣ӱ٣ɱˣץ߸ɱۣ
һ£Щ졢¡۶ﵶͦǹȵе
ʸ־ΪδȴҲԸΪ£һѲٹٶȴųܲ͢ɱ٣ڷѣе
ЩСһһ׷δС㣬ˣһ˷ԸǺԥڵϣ־͸
ɫ࣬Ȼһģ֪Ѱ˿ܣλѲүֻи̨ҶܣЩϮ洫˹ҿһҲð
Ѳȵô󵨣磡ҵɱˣҳ͢ô£
ﰺȻ־͸ҪɱΤҵȫԲðɱֶΣμҵֻҪץƾʵݣǸ̨Ҳκβƫƫѡ˹ɱˣТɱˡ
ûм޵ңȴѰԼδˡСϲԴҶ»Լ֪ԼһҪΪǸ湫ӵӣĹעһС
֪֪ѶŮ֯˶Ҳˡ밵ж֣Ϊ򱨳쾭壬ҪҲΪǵĴүȥģĸԸȥΪΪȥ
ס˫ããգϡƺֿλ˫ĹվۣкЦؿ
н˾ӨỨѱ޿ֻ˼ֶ֮ζѣʲôµģˣκϵɣ

δӴС㴦еصԼӴԸ׼漴ȥʼơĸүһ˾ġܹάһǧٺ˵ļȻڣһѽ֮£ξͻ̸ס
ԴӴӱУСȥţ룬ү˼ͻˣͱ߷ɫҲһ֮λԽԽԣСȻĶӣʮа˾Ҫĳμ֮үЩ쵱Ļŭţ˯ҪЦѵġ
һģүʱһۿӾҪλ֣ɱʲôôС㲻ˣʱ򣬿ݲð
үϽϷţεʲô£Īͱʲô¨ӣ
γüصСμҴСյɱʯҵΤҵ̨Ÿˡ
үȻʲô£
οЦιΪǴӲɱΤҵҶԹۡι֣ð˸̨˵ĻСҪҸιʵڲְ֪
ү˶ʱüͷ֪˰ţΪ˸ٵһĶԲ£ܰĵλһ󼰵ĵزΪ飬˭Ҳơ
Ȼ¿漰ͷһСμңһǷ⽮ҶѲﱻץμǿ϶Ҫֵģõҳ棿Ȼ˰ţ˵μҺܱܿι
ĻμҺҶ̨ͷ֮ĲˣǰүҲó棬үĶӺεºܣܵͷ֮սһɵ
Ȼ֪ǴСҵһ飬ҲҵһᣬʵѰ죬ֻҪôСʧˡ
үкһ˵СȻΪϼΪƣСɷѿģүУ¸ܳɹСαҪ£ѺòײŰŻһ
۾һ˵߻лأ
үնصһУֻҲ벻֡
ɫһ壬Цⲻǵû˵ô
ҲȻ
үź룬¶һ˿ɫ㾡ȥɣʹһһ룬ֻǴСһĥ£ȴδǰϣϡ
λûʧص޽ְ֮СĻкô
үѾ϶Լе뷨򶨵صһУɲҪǼλүӣǿһרŻΪܵ˰


05 ͬ˲ͬ
С족μҵĴС㵱ɱˣɱ߻ʯҵݣѸپ˹и߲Ȩһʱ䲻ܱʲôĿģ˶ĿͶѲš
һǣˡС족μҺѲҶܣһǵͷߣһǹⳡĽ͸¶ܶмֵ鱨Ȩ˼˵ƾЩƶϷͿԾδϵȡᡣ
ݣѲҶʰﵹҲɴ࣬ʣ޲ȼϣ״ݵιǰ۶գɾػѺ
ҶܳԸŮΣ
һԵʦүԾؿѲһۣҶˮһɱȴҲҶԣֻǻӻ֣ʾ۰Ѿ̾ߵȥ
ã
ҶܷȥתվסĻ缱æǷѵʾҶһһٵصԼ𣬱ٸŲͣ಻κΰ
ǣѧŷ
΢΢ֱҶԶȥıӰҡҡͷιﵱɱˣֻ¸̨Ҫݴ˴ˡ
ˮμһֱ벥ìܣҶιѲҪĿľҪɵӦĴ󻼡˿ˮμҺҶӦ־һͬѡ
ʵȻĴգֽͷǰҡμΪУȴμҾͻḩڸ̨ˣڷָ͢桰һϣҺμ̬һµġ
ûаٹͷ֧֣ҶܾͲչݣʩԲӦļƻӥ֮ԿҶС졢ҶС죬ҶСġΪʵΪԹ岻롢ˮòֻ辶
䵽ҶУͳ˸̨˶μҵһûᣬҶŹ
ү˻ʦүķԸˬӵģҪе׬ȲҲհ졣
С֪ˡ
үӣ㬵شӦһͷߣѸ׶˻ʦү绹Щүû취ΪЩʿڡүǸ̨˵Ľˣ׷渧̨ʱõĶࡣ
νȵүġࡱٵǩѺСڴ˻ϣʸίķʲǡʿڡˣ˿ɲǡô
үд˲ˣߵſڣһᣬȵӼκοˣүκүգйߣŶ룡
ĸСñͦǵһү˷Ըæȥţǡڴʱμϵ˸̨ţһƴҪأϽҪ
үһûص̨Ųͣ
δǵظϵǰһһصˮĶѸģЦĳֻõѭ죬֪һ
үһѣȻ־һӣ°϶ת磬Ϳص͹үŶԺƬ̣С͸֪һ
˼ӣڿһ̵رǩѺ

֨ŤŤŤ
ᷢƸһģƽһηηվĴ׳䣬·ţͷ棬ǰ滹վһһӣƸµ϶ʱ¶֮ɫ
һĸˣ˷ʱܲһʱģڷǸ˸ǵŮˡɵ죬ĥˡ
ˮײŮš¿ѣһ찤ٴϻַɧţ˯˱ͰߣγѬȾ
죬ΰҲҪѱèˡƸ豻ĥ죬ͷ˵ܴĥ˭ñأԴһ˾ͷǾͷ׷׶
ϣ˾ٸӢӣϴ˸ˮ裬һƧСη˾žⴳȥһ˭ȴץⷬƣһĥӲˡ
Ƹη˵ǺݺݵļǶ⣬ȵǰð漴ŶݺݷԸ
׳ϴµĴִһסֽţСץһƬɷ˵ûͷûس齫
ƸʹòҽвֹСˣȻƷͲҪȻҪʲôڣһ˵һ߳飬ƸƬ̹Ͳһˡ
Ƹףɱˣ֪³µǰˣҲˡЩͷУŮһ˼෿ʲô˸ϡٶˣӴ˾ƾǰڲŪһ
ĲҽƴȥηŮ˷ӦһЩ̬ˡٱµŮһľƵľˣҲˡ
ǲֻ˾ͷŪʱģӶȤһЩ졢ҲﵱѵļԺǰ̣ȥҹŪ
ֵطǽ첻Ӧеز飬ǿƽڣǼҳ㷹ЩΪŮٺЦֻ
ʱֻ죬һŮ˴ηѲ߮䡢йѺŮһʱһ㣬˵Ĺ
õķҲûòСӱؽˡˮģӣüۣЩŮһõͷԴ󷢡ЩΪΰòֹƫ˫Ÿ߰ĺܣʱļޡ
һŮΰԴ¶һ˿Ц⣬طԸ½ýˣһϵģúдһ¡
Ħȭ֮ʣȴ·ؽһηһ̧Ŵ齡ӡ죬÷Ŀɿڴ
λĹ˫ֱϥηһǣճճ񣬶ЩľٶҲֹһһȺٶǴҴҸЩŮֻǿۡñǹ٣Ʒְȴá
ϵõģ̰ʹ˾´ˣƷĸ߹١ʹ˾ʴˣƷĴ٣ͨдˡƹٴˡѲŵĻʦү
ϻèӺ۰ĸӢܸ˾εͳߣ˿ȴֻվЩԱ࣬ƻη֮խ϶ͷ
ЩԸ˾ŵĹԱָֻŵؾθƴηĲɹ⡢衢ȸ׷Լ˾Ÿӣܱʼ飬һһ¼
һֵŮΰۼΣֳ̽ȥ˳դһ䣬Сֺõʵ٣ǹʲôţ
ô֪
ûس˸۶ȻŤͷȥĲ֪ǹ˭Ǻݣֻ֪ˮСײȻؽĵ̣Ҳʳ
ȻʲôŤͷλ˭Ҳǣҵ̹ţҪ㲻ˣСӰƤ


06 
Ŷ򿪣಼ֱ֣ͷһͳñѭӸ˳
һͳñģñضͷӢĹƤСñ̥һͳñΪʵ귢·ͣƤñ䰫СˣֻйƤСñԭʹͬ
ѭ߳ŶվĿһɨǰֻվһˣһװȣ֪Ǵ˼ӵܣѭæֵ¾ѭ죬ô
αϾǴ˼ӵܣҲһݸ߹˵Сѡļ̳ˣҪҵģˣҲܱϥ
αͷصĳĳ˼ϵˣܷƲ跻ĳЩ¶Ҫ
ѭ۾˿ͷ޲ɣ﹫룡
ѲΧ¥ӹλͦߣδѭһ跻һűשܬأձӭˣʣˮ֪Ӻδ
¡ϸϵȹϵ»ȹŮӯӯӭһݺصһӭͣ룡Ѷӭһҡ
һŲ̨кŷ磬ڹżˮīֻΧ¡
λŮ˶ˣ˶˿ζλŮģ߱һСˣС˵һ飬ѸٰһӦ߶ȡطڲ̨ϡ̨ԡ
̿ˮȵģѸٹпһŮ衢裬һλذѹʡʡ˿֥顢õѡڱУһ㣬硣
ԲʱΪϲӸϡʱˮϵؿζѾ嵭࣬ҪζͻζùƷƷ㡢ɫζϿҪ˵ңǺĲġ
˼λŮȻǲңĺãΣҲǼţңӰ˶˵
ѭ΢΢һЦ跻ҿģ˵ǣˣֻΪ˵㣬мª֮ˡ
ѭ컹ͷһлᵽϵȲãҲЩ۹ģȻó˼ĵθߵ͡Ҳ˵ͥԺֲþԸţеÿһߣǶǰ֮Ůݣȴֻһ澣Ѱȥ
ѭҲ粻ǵǸֻпһ˻ĶˣЩЦ﹫̫ˣȴ֪ӽǰкλ˵
ɫһȻСС졯ιﵱɱһ˵ˣ
û̫ףΪ֪ѭĵϸѭҶСˣҶСҵĹүӣ֮ϵҪ̫Ĩǡ
֮ѭ죬Ϊδ֪ѾѲ˱žܿ͵ķԸˣΪ˿̵ݣȥ̨ػһ£ȴѭ˽һ֪֪ˣźȷӦԡ
ѭţˣҲܣҶС˴εѭӭſڣһ·ȥ˵Цܣٳһһ֪ж˫۾ڶţѭҶСĹϵȻ˲֪ˡ
ҶСѭ˾٣ʵʾѲҶܣҵˣ
ҶǸ̨źţһˣҶСԴ˼ΣǾѲܰߣǴˡɴ˾ҲͳȫΣ֪˺ˡ
ѭͷ֪£˵СμҺ͸̨֮£﹫Ӻ˹ע
ɫιΤҵ޶ԹɱΪҵĴӱһҾûԹ۵ĵˡ
ѭͷ˿ڲ裬ϸ룬øضε壬ΪӴʱ棬δ֮ˡ
Ŀһ˻
ѭӣҶ̨ݣҪ֮ڹιڹɱˣѰգɱˣˣǡͥӸ̨̨ˡ
üͷѭֵ̨󰡣ڵμҳ֣ʱ˭ǿԳͷǲʵģǰүҲһӳ棬Ūɳ׾
ʵҲеĵֻǴСѴ½ۿμ֮λռ飬߼һгɿգ֪ΪҲֻӲͷƤϡ
ʱѭ˼βͷһʧصѵҾֻԹۣ
ҲȻ
ѭתŲ豭΢΢һЦӲǲ֣ܳǲڴʱ̨֡˵ĻǲðģС졯μֺγǸء
μҴС㱻μұض֣Ǹ̨˷ŲأˣɨءţμҾͳ˸̨˵Ķͷμ븧̨Ϊѣ̨˱ضٲά衣ʱ˫ͣҪһߡΪŵˡ
εͷ˼ѭЦеؿһۣת׿̲Ůӭֻͣ࿴ۣʵ֪ʶȤĺܡ
ۣ衣ü续Ʒһѭζˡ
ʵθ֮ǰѾùҶС⡣ûððʧʧ̨ѾҶСĵһˣѾ˵ĺͿܷˡ
ο˼ţѭ˵ĺелһؼС͸̨˶ﻢ֮ʣҪһ˫żݣѵ˾һ
˿ɲ֪ͼι֪˼ҲδǸУѵͻͬʱֺС͸̨ˡ׳ԼƵĺûø
㰲үһСЩ˾ȴд˵ᣬЩ˾ûķˣҲ󰡣
һиؼ֮ȷϵĹؼؼʲô
ˡˡε˫ͻȻ׹ؼ֮ڴˡ
ҪҶʱѡȨУҶҶ̨СҶ̨Сֲ£Ҫ˳ͣȡʱҶܻѡ˭
ܵͣ£ͬܵͣ£Ȼɴ·һСϼ֮λҶ̨˵ɲһ飬ҪǣλϼܲɷֵĹϵ
Ǹ̨Ҳԥѡδˡ˵˸̨˵֧֣֮λҲ̩ɽˣ˫Ϊѡ˭
ˡ
Щηؿѭһۣɲ֪ⷬ㻯ʵҶСѭģֻѭ⡣ү¹Ȼ˲żüãɵ̨ţͨôһˣ㳬׿ڳ˵ļʶѹֹүֿȭټһݽɽ
óϷصһԣĳǳĶ£ĳģ
ѭһ˫ɫеۿ˼С̷죬ߴص£ҿˣЦת﹫ӿ̨ߣ»﹫ӿţ磬ʲô紵ݶἰʱ֪ӡ
л
δһֽݵѭǰѭ촹һƣȻһŷ΢ЦⴱӲʤھڸ̨ð칫
ѭܾתһλߴС޹Ȼӽ͸ɡǴǰ;ˣʳӣ̷ţҲһ
跻ҿģȴϼûʸ񽫼Ʋתˣ˶ȫ߷Լڻϼ֮λɢҲƣҲֵá
ѭ챻εĴֱʾôһ£Ȼǰ컹ҶСȱ֪֪ȵˣϴСˣҲ˵ţû뵽ӴŮͻȻȫˡ
뵽ѭеëëģɺϣһɺϣҲǴƵ˵ģˡ


07 Ʊ
ΣʮɺܲȻȥѭ죬ѡˣͷԡ
ҶСŲ裬һüһ΢԰⣺ǣ֧ӵܣȻһܹص࣬Ҳû꣬ȴǧص̣̿ɲôĥģҶɣ²󶼿ԳΪرһ˷棬ǾС
žҶСһӣǷӯ֮ͦµĴ֣Ӵ˵֣㻹ʹ
һۣôһģȴӿһֵֺĸоЩ˷ܡЩ̼
֮Ůǧ谮һС˺ǻԲɱģССġͷе桢̼ΪŮ׵Ի΢ŰȺá
ӣĵذҶСһۣƵһһԲ̵ͦβĴϣ˫סĲӣȻȴʱΪλҪô֣
ΪѧȴҲһѧʡҶС˵ȻЩֵؿһۡ죬ʵôң
ҶС°ͣɵصǼưٳභĥţ㶷ǣĪһʮɣʤ㻹ҪЩЩֶΣ㲻ףﻹҪң˵
ҶСյߣصΪǲŰͨһรôô޶۲ͨĪǻҪΪٽΪٿһϣٺٺ١
ǰʱ绰¶⣬䣬ЦҹղԼȴ־ӹһٵ»ʱѪȴһӹ
һ˽ҶСĻסԼߺ̵ҧһڣģ㵱ȻԼ⡣˼ͺãȥ룿
˵һ䣬Ķ䣬ص챻ڵͲ˼͵ЩЪЪ𣿡
ҶС̲סЦҹһˮ֮ʱûôǿҵ󣬵Ǳ̬һǣﾹȻЩ׽һ˫󣬵ֻҪѧȴֻҪһҲЩ׼бޱóʱٶȺЧҲǲͬġ
գգ׼ȻҪҪģҪȿС졯μжɣ
ҶСȻӦ䣿

С족μլϼӢ˹ϢʱȻ
Ůʱ֪ΪŮΪζȥۼŮΪ࣬ӢΤҵȻҲǺ֮ǣһû˾֧ɱҲɱˣֻҪŮģȻ鷳һЩҲԸΪŮе
ֻǡû뵽Ůڹڶ֡õĵص㣬;Τҵǣɵʱ̲ðû뵽ŮȻǡִ̡ҪɱҲݶְ
ﲻѡڹڶ֣ݶ֣ѲץţӢҲЩˡŮʵһɣʼûĺӣû뵽ﾹ˵ĸҡ
ιΣֻΪҲô²ΪҶܵϣʵҲЧҶܱʾǡС족ġ
һ棬ֺܷŭμҹɹʵأͷ֮һʸ򣬾ҶܾĻҪʾһԺŮҲˣȻûаΣͬһѺһĵ
裬μĪ衣Ȼ쵶Ѿ˾˾̨šȫԱӲ죬ưŮʲôί
̲ϴμҵСɱؽΣƣǶԡС족ŵơȻǶﵱɱˣֱѲȨԵı
쵶ӢʾöȥСóɡ
ӢҡҡͷҶܼȻ̬Ͳòˡ㲻УԸͷܣȥ
Ӣһ⣬һһߵ̷˾ų˾鷬˾ľϳ˾ˮ˾կ˾ӳ˾٣ǣ
ӢΪһιͷ֮һʱףҶΪŮŮṩûᣬҪͬˮμչһġ
ҶܵΣǿ˹ȫҶС죬Ӷʯ䡢ͭ񣬶طҶֻܻãʹָ
ҹɹʵأķֱ֮ˮҡˮμҡСҶҪᣬ̽ˮμҵĵ̡ءС족Ĵ𣬲òƼݹ͵սѲҶܽˡ
Ҷһ۰ԣӢɲҵ֮Ȼ֣ȻвѣҶʩѹȫԸΣ

Сˣ
ҶСͭ԰ϷΪϷԷͻŹϢţ룬Ҷĸʹ׷ͺڷˣҶĸȿʡҶϺϾˣĿԶʤҶĸȴҲǺΣȻԡ
ҶɩȻһֱƲɷųܣԺζģϰأʹǼ޼漦ôǶʱᣬ޲ʧûôˣȴĸо
״ţ룬ٲȻǡݣڡһְϾ˾ˡţû׳ҪȨ;ġҶСְ֮һˡ
˵ҶС˴ڵ״ȻϲλүʵǷ͸ˡҶСҶСֵܣӡ˶ɻ࣬״ô
ҶСˣ״Ļϲ޲óţߴۻһôȻǲеģ״žŬ˰뿪Ӵ߽ɽ˾ԺʱݡĿ⣬һҵ
̫үڰ
״촽ţҶϺĸ첲Ȱοһ䣬תҶĸ۾еһƬ۾һĨٷʱ롣
Ϸˣǧ尡ݷˣϷȥЪϢһ£Ҫӿˣˣѧ˰ج˾ˣһѧ͸ȥͭʣүӻ
һ״¶ҶϺҶɩܸжҶɩлٳ֣Ҹһȥͭʣȥ
һδˣҶɩǺޣϽǰȰοʱѾſ޵ۺҵҶĸȥ
ҲãѧΪ˰ų
״ʹ˵һ䣬ųصĽŲ߳ţԺ䣬̧ͷ˿򣬰˼⣺˵Ҫʲôʱ򲻺ôƫʱҪӰɥֲùӣȥֹˣɱ˴˵²źá


08 ħջ
֪ڹһλδݳֵĹΪɱġˡΤҵҲ֪һǻ䰮ãĿΪŽӰˣԽӹһκΨһ룺˼塣
ڽǷǣһݣĳ̶ֳϣƺҲ˱ݸκҪģǱ֤ҶСġġ
״ҶɩϵͭʣһģǰкܴȱӾͻܹˡƹ࣬ǽˣͻ߰˷ơ
ǰͬǾ˽֪£߰˷Ƶģ¿׵ҲñӦǰòһģһˡ
ο״ҶɩϵͭѾ֮ˣʬͣڼưܵĸǿҶСʱȫûʲôɣʵһģΪ£ҶɩһѾ˵ʬʹĿȥϸϸʬ塣
״վһԣ汯ݡעȫĿԵøϣʱʱһǵļ⣬س鴤£·ǿʹʧĳ嶯ˣϸǸ
ͭڼ˵ҶС֮ºѾƺ󣬡ҶСѾڼṩһϵȵĹ餣Ϸ԰ҲˣϷϷӡʦҲ԰С
ڵյĹڣɾͲˣƱֲʵ֤ģʵϸûƱſڽǮɽ԰ӣ˭õϷĶЩʲôˣڵյҵƤ͸ûˣϷ˲ʶ
ҶСͭʸ֪ĲǵĵһˣϷ԰ǸϷʵҶСİֵϢͭʸڵϻ˸塣
ܴûһĹϵ޷֤Լס˭Ҷ˾ŭ֮»᲻ɱŹͭʵĳǺ̾ӵȫˡ
һͭʣ·ʰšҹܻͷɴһҲѷֱ浱ϷԺﵷҵ˾˭ˣߵģɣô飿
йע״һ˵ֹҶС֮ʵ״˿ûƽյľҶɩˡҶСʬ壬˽һµյίڼҴΪֵ䣬㻤ѷţɽȥˡ
״һ뿪ͭʳǣڲ¥ϵ΢΢һЦ֣ʣϻͣǻͷ֨֨¸µ֣ǹۡ

£͢ҲзҲ֮ڳͬ͢ҲۣϹ⣬˺һ֮ڡֵĲ֮ͬͬȴҲǺϡ
һֽɴ֣ཨڴɽ֮У徲д֮еȻҪմȾĺ쳾̻һὲȡǹۣȻԳפʢƣҲǰֹۣ֮ġ
ȴһȺǵʿ˳סлŮˣֻǾ׵Ǯʵھˣ޵֮ʿ£֮ʳĸȴҲԼޡ
ĻͶӹۺŶֱ̧ӽ˺ۡ
˼ãͶͣ£ֱһľֳ㱻˽ȥ
㲻˵ˣǲӦǵģ
˼ϣ˶ΪѾҶСվǶɫ԰ף۾ؿƷƷ欣߷ƣȳΪ˸곤꣬·һö͸˵Ӱ㽿Ρ
ˣټЦȻϣֻҪҶСɫڻʱҶСȴǿһֻɲŮƺϾҪſѪڣʬ޴档
ˣôƷ˶ҶСȰ˵΢Цӭ
ҶСһۣţأͬҶСͭʣѾʬ壬׷ţˡ
ҶС챾ɫ԰ף⻰·һȭԴ˺һƨɵϡţ˶ΪѾˣˣһӵŮˣҲһһɲǣһֱ˵ĸоһĪĿ־塣
Ʒ΢΢һЦõĺܣ֪ͨ͵죬Ǳ߾ͺûˡ
Ʒ˸ɫʾҶСķʧȰ˵橵˳ȥⷬûбҶСҲرܣҪɣҶСҪУֺα
ƶΣҶСǰϣϵҶСһߣһ˶ͦΣһήУҶСoһϰĴڡ
ҶСڿʼѾˡе˶Ϊȥĸĸ޶
ҶСŭһţ
¶˫۾һĨЦ⣺ʲôɱ㣬֪һأļΪٱһΡĻţ
ҶСɬ˿ĭ¶֮ɫ
ȻҶСΨһ㣬ҶСôа㵱ֵô˶մȨλֵȴûһʵʵȨɱ
ҶСŶ񶾵ӣ㡢㡢ίԴȨ˭㣬ڵ㣬ţʲôһп޵ˣһķ
ҶС̧ͷ־ŭصɱҵĵܵܣ
һĨЦ⣬ֻǸҶСҲ䣿ɱҶС죿ǺǣҶСǸ𣿡
мؿҶСӦ߲ӦҶС춼Ҫɱˣ㣬ңֻҵϣ
Ȼ°ͣ˵ϵĺڽţţĸ̫ǳˣڷͷ÷ض˾С˾Ȳϣ
ָţ÷ض˾ˣļ岻⵽µ˾λ÷ضµĴСͷǲ־Ҳɢţõ
ʲôе̣ͽе̣ҪǧţǾգޱȣȴ޷Ӣ䣬ֲҪ޾²ĵ̡
һΣǰԵѾҶСϥϣ˫ȵĵطֻпյգκҶС˫ȼƽƽġġ
ҶСһһصҶС죬һҶСˣţ뻹ţ벻ڵĻĸסĸסޡӣӦ֪ҶСǹٳңһʧȥţıӻһֻèܰҶҴʮ˲
ʧȥ˶ܣʧȥţ룬Ҷ˻³ֻһ룬ҶСͽס
һѭѭյĳߣ˵һ޴ĵͬҶСŵûбļ壬ĵܵҲɱġֻڲѵ£Ϊ˲ֵܺķѪһִɢ¸ҵسеΰ
ĻҶСЩ˵ÿһ仰ܻƣƺе
ûİλţǸʲô棬ҶСҶλ˷ƾվס𣿡
һۣҶСԲۣ׾پɱҶСһţɢصģֻҶңκˣ
˵֮ɱҶС죬ҲСáţû˳㲻ǸĽ彭ɽһ仨࣬㡢Ҷ˵ȴѩ̿
ҶСˣôһ˵ежʱˡִģǼӺֵܡֵܰ˹ͷŽأСһ𳤴ѪԵֵܣȻڳΪ˴˵Ϊɳͻܳǹ顣
ǣҶСòҶСǷӦðҶСûбȻϵôٻҪҪȨλҪҪԼ˵İȫҪҪ
ҶСҵ΢Цֵнգ̶ܴյĹƽƽǿı죬ǹȻţôãӦҲ˵֮
Ҿ;ͨҵĹλιƽ̽İܻҪĶ࣬յĹ֮УһعƣԲٿһˣҲΣһʬɣ
仰Щˣ˵׻һֶãܿ˵ǣͲее˵ѽ̣Ҳغķô˼˵ҶСˣǹѱˣҶСҡʱּһ˵ĳ롣
úһɣҲ㣡𲻴ӦҶС춼ҪûǸӴһ󳼶ȫļ壬ļǳأǲ˼ıѣþӾǣʶ㣬úһ롣Ǵ˼ӣ
ڷŷݣһһɣ˵仰תΣϢ滬жȥҶСǶɱήٵˣȴţոռҵرܹ
絶ֱָţƷԸ˸ţѾûн䣬վţȵƷﲻԵһ
΢΢һЦƶǰȥƷһԣոյǱߵһЩϢ¹ңҪҪ
Ҫϻش𣺡ңģĪ粻֪
Ʒؿһۣһڻָٹ⣬ܸ£
Ҫᣡ
˫ְסΣֹͣǰУϼ岻ҲģҲڣҾͻ壬ôҾڣҲϼ壬ָϵҫοСѾȥȻڣҲñøã
˵ţĿԶĿѡȷʧüʹ֮󣬸ӽǿ׳οᰵеάż塣ǣǷɰСڼе˽ģǾԼҲˡ
°ɣ
ʧƬ̣ɢĿ⽥۳ĹâصҶСѾ֣ڴǰģǸȥˣҶС죬һҪ


09 
ͭϳװͳٶͭʸշתǨ㵽Ѿڹ߰ĶأءľֺһǴڴЧϣһʽĳ
һǣżҵ˾˵ΤҵɱϢв𼸷ıȻʱ˿ôأǰͭʣǾ£Ҳһֱ̬
ĿľӪϵ֮֮κҲ֮ΨаôеЩϵĸϵŻὥ߽Ϊһöֲꡣ
żǨ㣬ҶСڬB÷ģκοܵĶǵ׷ɱȺϺ˵˹Ϣûע⵽ǵĵ׼ȷ˵ϲȨûע⵽ǵĵǰӴһ֧ӣţ⳵ǧ˵ĵӢֻһʮѪ糾͵ظϵǣȴСĹڣ˲֪
ԴﵱɱˣǾ֪һ֮ĲģҪڹչⳡĵ˫֣ӢҶܡμ쵶Ȼһе̳ҶѲӲ㡣
Ӣ˹ǣȻıҵȥһ㾶ֱ̨šҶҲ
ĴеϼҲδ֮ǰΪ󣬲˽˼
ҶܾȻô˶ΪӢᲪȻŭڹеֱײôˣǸǴ۾ǣӢ˿ŭֻһҪҪŮ
˵һҲǲϺصģɱطѰС͵СӢҲѰˣҶܲʳŲ޸͸ĺȻ׼þյĵ
ǣӢͳͨؽ˾Ρ
ӢűۣŮݣǿƽһ˾ȻСŽżһ·Сܵظڴ󣬶ϴޱǫЦϾ֪˵ˣ߸ϣԣھ֮ϵһĴڡ
ţ
⡭
Կףſǵ˾ˣ˾Цһգವһ´ȥλӰһ㣬ޱȡһԿףݺݵزһߣѸٴţͷصүӣ˼롣
Ӣ˿а裬֮ɫҶܻûȻƴԪˣҲҪϧҶһսˡ쵶Сãˡ
ﱧϥϣڳճճô˵ǰδ쵶Ȼѹ
վӢһϲ齣˳ţӢ׵ͷһᣬȻ˫ϥһȥӢߵ˸ͷŮТܸĸ꣬δа㱨𣬻Ҫƽ鷳ŮТ
˵ţȻ¡Ӣһᣬ۾΢΢죬ηűձĵ棬ߵǰḧͷ̾ɵѾͷɵѾͷ
ӢŮ˵ŮĪܿ;ȥֲ׺˺ĸ˾һۣصϷıŮ̺ţܰίϷʬ޴棡
Ӣŵ߲һ¹ڵϣӦУүӷģСľǳıӵҲȻҽдСܰί

̷˾ų˾鷬˾ľϳ˾ˮ˾կ˾ӳ˾һλλ˾̸Ӣ˱ŸǵȻûȤȥѲ˵š
ʵϣҲҪȥǸûһйصӣ˭֪ǾΪμҶֻǱһ̬ȣμҹ˵̬ȣһ㣬ǲκ˺Եؼãɷ֮ϵġ
Ȼɷ棬ӢҲûзɡȻҶ˵δǾǻҪղþһӣʵβ棬ɱ΢΢ӹҪģǹĴʦλȫμƸˡ
ĴʦΪףʦȻ׬ϧλȴʼ᲻ȥҲ֪ʲô̼ͻȻȥظʦүˡ
۹ҲȻͶ˵ʱֻһةҶС죬Ȼţ˾ġɾͲʦүôˣ˱ȻΪһͷˣаٴ
ȻҶСֻһĿûʸʲôͷˡ˭ֻһЦ޼ѲҶıŸҶСȴܳΪϱôԵĿ
Ľʦÿÿ£ʹļ֮Уôƫҵͷˣֻ۹ⶾҪ֪һʼǰؾҶСΪȥˣֲ֪뷨
ҶӢǲΡȻֻѶһԭ㡰С족û췴ľģֻҪûУҺΣ

ҶСǣ˳ΪȫĿ¹Ĵ㣬û뵽ΪҶ֮ⳡģûע⵽ˡ
̼ǵΪţ˾ʱΪΪķ˭ϹȨ󼸺˹ע½ȨҪǺ˻ϪѪҲˡ
˴ҶСνʤߡϧֻҶѲӣԽӼʱһѣĵѸٱһģңעĿҲΣҶүױˡ
ҶС쵹ֵˣҲһˣܷܲ¶Գִɱɱɣ߾ӾĻ֮ϣһԾһ˹ǲĴеı֡
ڳĴǻʵۼڸۺ壬ڹݣүҲ˲һҶСȻǻԶԶȴҲùԳʱˡ
˵֪ͭڼݰɣͬݵĴ֮ĲģмҪΪģ¶ҪԳ棬Գֻ֣֤δΡ
ҶС쵹ǺÿɽˮʤڣʤɣҶȴôУڲܼҡͯҡչҺҵ̸ϵ֮һҴԺſڡ
̨󸮹үţ˾ĿҶС죬ճʱ̣ǰą̃ҪԳ棬Ϊʯ䡢ͭ˾ϣ
չҡҺͭżѾҶС쳹εûƢ̨˻ûͣżҾѾѼҶᵽˣﻹпͬҶС磬
ʯܼңǻģҲȷʵɲģ˵ϣһֱͶͯûʲô۶ɲܼҺͯұϾйĴͻܼչңָҡռţģ˭֪ҧ˵ĹǲеģһֱͯͻȻ֣һӾͳ˲ܼҵѣ˭˵ȥ
ϧƱǿҶܶҶСԵƫ̻̲ܼͯңȻҲ飬ԲܼҵĿҶţֻԵѯ˼䣬ͯϹľ
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ҶСͯ˫˫ϯҶʩлһԲܡչļɫޱȹ죺ֹǶءռ񣬰Ҹϳʵأ˵Ϊֹ
ͯƼĻ⣬ǿ֮ҶС͵ˣͯ˵ԶĪ󹦼岾϶ҪصдһʣҶС˵ȫɽִµģΪţҶϵʼ棬ʲôüġ
ֻͯҪҶܳҾлҶСڱĿˣ̫࣬Ҫʩ͵¹ҶС첻ԸڵظնȥͼҶܵɨһۣҶС죡
ҶСվסˣ¹ڡ
ҶܵһЦͲ󣬰ǵǹӲһ֣ɱΪ͢ĪѫнһʡѲְ֮ͣ游۹ְ֮𣬽һ򱾹٣ί𣿡
ҶСһ죬ϸһ룬۴һ㣬λһƺҲûʲôҶСһô֪ܸġɫһҶܵ˽ѵǣ¹֪ˣ
ҶСվҪҶйл֮ҶѾվ뿪ϱվȻɫһ࣬ȵҶС죬ּ
ҶСһԱ߲˷ܵĻǾɥģҲȻ̧ͷҶܿҶС죬صôҶ˻ǲϹ򣿡
ҶСЦ˵ЦˡȣҶСּ
Ҷչʥּչٴ˼˵ҶСԴܵʹĹ£ؼԼ񣬷С·츣Իʵүٸȫְ
һԵżҡչҡҡܼҵ£ҶСĵ̵˾Ȩ͢ôõŰһüĿĴô
ҶֳֳʥּҶС߾˫֣֣ؽӹҶЦЦصҶ٣ϲʶƵϣ⣬һأĪҪûʵʧ
ҶСϹϾص˵Ľ̻壬¹ټˡ
Ҷܰ˰֣չȼ˵°ɣҶС£Ϸл˵
ҶС촹Ȼǣ
һ壬뿪ҶСǾ誹ɵģʱҲߵһԣݵ£ЦضҶܵ˺ֶΣһɽʹúã
ҶؿһۣˣߵϷõʲôɽʲôϷô֪
ϴˣԼˣͲô˰ɣ
ҶСЦصбĥڴʱǡϡȻһʥּǸʲô˼ڸЩͭ˼ʾЩ٣٣һ뿪ֻҪһ죬ʹų͢һ죬˹Ҳ˼Ը˼ңõʧô
Ҷߵ˵˵С֮ģȾ֮Ϸ£̹ΪѲһһһУ͢͵͵ڣ
ҶϵѵˣӺһ࣬ѹЩչ˾ŵ£Ҫϱúð͢Դӣð
ҶС죺
ҶֵУӢȻŮưոݡϸҲǶҪŮΪѣμһӱӱӳ͢ҪЩѵźáȻϣһҪֵﻢµľء
ҶСһһص̨˷ģî˾ظɰɣҪֵʰʱСĸӡ
Ҷܸףӿɽ̣


10 Ҳ
ŷǺǣҪͳ͢ŷôҪ˵ŷСɱˣѷ˽Թ౨ǰʬҵ׳ƺ֮˵͢δأѷ˽ɱߣһڱߣ
˵̿˾ɷ˵һھܵ˿̣μƸʦ븧̨ź͹̷ƹȹԱǹལ
ҹɵڶ״ʦ̷ЦһЦȻǰҲ˵ѷ˽ԹҲ˵ѷ˽ɱ̣ΤҵҹӣѾأѾ
ҹɵ״ʦԼӹǰӿڵΤҵδҲδģͭʣȻǴң̨ܸˡϡģ˾ɲҪ˵Ҫġ
ԼӹҹĴ״ʦںһʡĴʦλ൱󣬵ʦܲг͢ȻʦǶ˳ȴҲʿִǼڹٸֺ͹ٸ
Դʦȣ˷Ҫ˾ͷǸ̨ˣһƢԱǲͷģĿǡС족μңҲμҵĳǺεȵķ񣬶ôһӮϣһⳡ˾ӮˣͲڹһأҪ£ԾʦҲĦȭƣˬˡ
˾ЦΤҵΪû˸浽⸧̨Ϊ̨˻᲻ôԩ鲻þٸ棬˽Ҵɷûôһ
ٸ棿㸧̨˿ϽܾٸɣιδޣҪٸҲǸٸ档ιͷ¶棿ιδޣֻΪһֽ飬﹫Ծӣν֮ڣ
ι򡮽ڡɱˣпԭ⣬֪ҳ䲻˽ิ𣬵Т򡮽ڡҡ򡢡塯ɱߣйġ
˵Ĵ״ʦеȣһλˣڹڣܺҽ̸̻һ纺죬ҲһλԱͭݸʦ
˾ֵصǷ⣬Ƿ֮⡢֮پ֮ˡ̨˲⣬ȻΪ˰شӰӣʦ˵ȴΪݡ
̷Ц뷨ʱϣʱ֣ͳһˣʥ಻ڷʮǰһҦһжԻģʱΪɱ䳤ɣ䲻⧶ɱ֮δ⡣
ҲТҲΪӸ٣Ϊ޸٣ιΪлԼ﹫ӸҦһкβͬãιⲻą̃治⣬»峣𣿡
ⶥñӼʾˣ̿õƹ١һ˵һӵϣӳ˲Ҫȴˮ˾̷ЦԼӹȵ¹˭ʱĭƶɣɫһɫѸ̨õø֮ء
ҵҶ̨˹ĶˣǲҪ˵һﶼûУﾲĵģֻż΢ਲ
δ˺ǻŮ˼Ҷĳ׵ģҶĳҲŮӷͬﰡȵɱˣ
Ҷܸź룬˹˵ţһλͳʮرӵĴ˧
񣬿ţҶ˾̻طйͭʡʯضλ˾ͷ˷׷鳯͢͢øáһͳ˾á򵥵˵̺ţɱˣȻմŭʱֻ±ҲҪˡ
Ӣ֪⣬ϲмҶһۡŮϣвˮμҹֽ˾֮ȨôֱΣ
˾ҪļȨϮȨȨ˰ȨȨ˾Ȩõģ˵ӰģȨ˰Ȩ˾ȨʹְȨĻȨûȨȨ޷ʵʩϮȨҲ޼£ϮٺϮϮ仹ʲôٲȻԭ뻧ˡ
Ӣ˿ǰ£СŮðʧ̨鷳ĳڹ̣ܽˡˡ
˵Ӣ̾˿Щϴ£ǿ׳˾ˮ벥ֻһڽӦսˣĳòС죬ӦҰĲӦº˶ŮĽʵǲ
ҶܵһЦӢ泯͢ӦҰĵӢϱƽӢвɻȱشãνͿ๦ߡ
ôμҵĵ̾ڲ֮ϣ㲻Ϊ˳͢ѵμҾͻҹֳƳӦ£μҵΪμԼҶܲŲ飬Ҫμ͢Ȩ
ҶܿһɫصѱǣԴҲҶĳʾ͢СԱڽԱطδΪΣ
Ӣɫһ䣬ȨҶܲز֣Ĩǵ˾ִܾ֮Ȩˡ˾ϵľ½ƣһЩطѾʩˣҪһЩͨҪԼطԿĵ
أǺλС˾ڼ䣬ؾפһ֧ѲװΪǭҪذͬʱصС
һ͢ĵϽװǿ總֮ңҲ׵õˣЩȻдĺľӣ̶ųɴ塢򡢳ɳǣϮͬǡ
Ӣȷܾл̨⣬Ӧַ֮ģˮеֿ֮Ӧ壬һǽʲôٶַ𣬲ǰ֮ǳ͢Ը£Ǵӳɡ
ҶЦδҲϳı֮Ȼӳ飬ǾʹӳաȵɱһҶĳǺͨһģɱŮӰԶ
Ҷܱ̾Ϣһ׵üë΢ΪӢ⣬ӢĿѩѲô˵ǲͨˣ
ܡܵġ
Ҷ̵صɱ˳֮䡣Ҷĳ˼ڤǣ뵽ڡڡ֮һЩ£ҲΨһ£ȥ
ҶӢһۣ⣬ȴҲܾʹͷţ޴档
Ӣ΢΢۾֮⣬СŮйضꣿ˵˴ʱӢ䣬ˡ
ҶڣȫûܵӢӰ죺ΣΪΪڶɱˣǿͨڵģ벻벻ʵǿģϾһɰȻҪͷȲѣʮͷţ
ҶӢһۣҳԽ񣬹Т׶ɱ˵İӣԵԿ⣬֮˷̣ɸģǱΪδˣͨˣ
Ӣһʱҵֱٻ㣬һ˫
̣Ҫȥȹ㣬ģǿϣʩ߲ʹֻӣƤƣμҵС̣뿪õһ£͵ԾлμҲ˶ΪЦ
Ϊ̣ͨС˵ǾƵȱͬĴμСϣǾǱȽ̴ҪصĴˡ
ӢվһһصҶ̨ĳϣСŮͨڣ
ҶҲվӢɽƺˣҶһۻ룬纣䲻ӢƥҲãû˿·硣
ҶܵЦҶĳͨڣδѵ⣿
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ӦȨѬġ֮ϾҶܶ϶ӢҷŮֲܲȣ͸Ҳϼ룬μ˺һǡ
ӢЦߣ˵ǾͶлҶ̨ˣҶĳȱΪСŮɣ
ӢѴһתߣߵſʱȻվס׿Ҷܣ꣺ĳȥȴǼ֮λԸţӴμްϵ
һֱҶ仰ٿȻɫ̸ѣû뵽ӢȻ˸ңʱ˭سͥȻҪԸšˮμƲϵôʲô
Ӣ仰˳ȥлɱڡҶɫޱأμҲѪǾòģһҷͨڣһͳΰѸ˾££̶Ӧ֣
û뵽ӢȲϳ˾ȨҲ͢ˮƫһûӢǲΪŮϼ췴֮·ΪŮȴһС
Ҷֻ̨Ϊһ֮һ棬ȴΪ׵һ档˵̸г׾ѣһμǧ𣬿õӢôµҶ̨ﻢˡ
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ҶһüһȣſױתΪҶ´Ҷܳȵٴţ˾ҶСңʮ𼱣Ƭ̳ӣ


11 ְ
ֻ޷ĺӣΪԵ֮ǽ췭ظһ֣Ҳһ£ǡ칬ʴҲֻ֮ܲ£֡
ʱֻ޳˳ɹһԸĴ񣬴һרǻµǣԮĽɫգҶСԾʦռͭʡƿʯϡЮʯչϣӰʯͯϣȻҲһ顣
ҶܵٻҶСٿȻ֣Ĳֻһʮꡢ°͡ӣ߽Ҷܵ鷿ʱǲģҲ˵˵ݵλҶС֮¡
Ҷ΢΢۾˴һۡʶ
ҶܵҶˣλǡ
Դ̤ţͿʼţͣϢһ£ԼƽԸҶС쿴ǿͣĴ̡
ʱҶһʣΡشһڴæ̤ǰһҾһ񣬹˼ϣΣ̨ˡ
鷿ǲùģһҲ׵Ȼ˵Ķ͸ּ٣Ҷܻǲ֪ʲôˣ΢΢üҶС졣
ҶС΢΢һЦֵ̨ˣλʮɣ䡢ȣ׾һΪ
ҶܻȻѡμѡҶ΢ã˭ҪҶСܴ£ýڳ뵽ҶܺȻһ
ĽҶС첻ǲ֪صƫҪδߣǾʹȶˡ
ҶǺεϾͨйؼȻЩεҶСշţܷӸеáҶС϶СơĴ㣬˼֮λʱ˭˵εԱΪϼûҶ̨֮ʣ
Լڴ򿪾桢һӰҶ˵Ȼһ׮֮¡Ҷ΢ЦҲҶСġǿеص˵ͷԭʮɣ
ҶС˫˫С˲ҶСһˣ˵աС졯δ˼ٸã븧̨˻Щ죿
ҶС̸⣬Ҷ⣬Ҷ̾˿ǰӢŮУġȻɱ˳ǷծǮͬϷҲǰĪ
ҶС֪δʲôҪ󣿡
Ҷ̨ȻʲôҪι򡮽ڡɱˣ޿ˡпԭТɱ˵ȹ£Ҳһ棬˿Կ⣬ɲܲƲãιʮӢǲȥˡ
ҶС룬ֻǷȥͲôˣ˳̸ˣҲӦ֮⣬һǿаɣμҽ˳ҲҪӦһĻϲ⣬ֻ跲²ӡУȣҶ̨ƿعˡ
ҶСҲ˵ƣֻüͷ΢΢һ壬еصδ˺͸̨˽ǳ֮͢ʧͣǵط֮֮ȣʮɿԴ֮ô
γҶСҶ˵ĵڶ˺ҶС٩٩̸ݲȣⰵԲվҴһٹͨҲ
ʱҶСʼξһ񣬼æ̨ά޲סϾһŮӣǺŹУѰСұ̣μ漰ιﱾˣ޷֮衣Ȼιð˴˵ĻΪ򱨳𣬽ɼΣܷһ棬ȥأ
šҶܸź룬˳˼״۽ȴؿҶС죺СӣֻϷòʲô
ҶС쿴һۣû˵δһضҲĽɳĲ£͵ʱʱǣϼ񣬸÷ʱǵ÷ֵġ
μҶ̨룬Ԯ˾˾ɱľһл⣬һιΤҵֻǿմı߶ߵҶСһѾףҶС춼Ѻ;ʦ⣬֮ιԮֺҪǳ֣ʶʱһֻǵҶ̨
ת룬̽˵һŮ永ͨ࣬ɼع̣ܽιȻѰСݣټΪΪڣ֣ǷǹԳͷμңЧأ
ҶϰԵ΢΢۾εĻ⿪ʼЩȤˣŶʮ֮μҸܺεȳͷżάûʼ桢͢ǣûιҽ֮أ
Ҷܷɿ˼һ£ûóȻôǴѧʣҪ̽˫ĵߣźö֢ҩ³çһȴ˫̸֮һҪ뱻ˡ
ҶСҶǰһ誣ãֱֲԲѯҶܣڣʵδ븧̨Ҳй飬̨֪ʲôأ
ҶһϷΪιԹޣ֪ɹٸ˽ɱˣΤҵȡ֮ιȴҲ˴ȫˮ̻֪ܽз
ˮЧʯܾɵ˾ţѲ˾طΰǱĬʹðз˹£Եֵùιһ֮ֻϧ
ҶһЦԶ
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Ҷػ˸ˣǵûУӢֻϷ˵Ϊ벥ҳ¶ˣרע񣬶Ůڹ̡ܽӦ¹ݣʹ˾ףҲŴθġӢ˵գڽذɳ͢棬˾Ƿǣ˭ӢȴΪϽأȻȥˡ
ˣȨҶûģȨĶػһ£˾Ȩ֣ܳɹؽ͢˾ϵٿԶˮķ֮һͳȨ
Ӣֲǰ׳գȻܾҶ˶Σˮ͢פޣҶԵطϵȨ˾ȨӰ죬ɻԼľӣֻڴ֮⣬ֶһɾ
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ͷȻһ뵽һ㣬˫һ£һ³̨ףε۾Ȼˡ
ҶСһֱڹעεһɫ֪뵽Щֻ֮ǲ֪ܷɹڷжϣҶС첻΢΢һЦҡҡͷ
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ҶҲ׵ʲô뷨󵨵˵벻ԣûʲôϵǹ˵˽̽Ǻǡ
Щ˼ЦЦ̨ˣµ뵽һ취
Ҷܹؿ˵
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˰ȨҲεģǶԳͨ͢ȡɹķʽʾ簲˾͢׹Ӧǰ͢׹ľɹΪ˰
Ҷܸź룬۾
˰ָ˰ũҵ˰ͼͣǭƶ񤣬ũҵ㷢ũҵиֻռݼٵĲ֣˰ἤӢǿҷ
οǭũҵȫԷȻֺƵԳ֣Щֽţֱ֣Сֱ֣ټ˰աĶĶ٣ԼУ˰ǿпˡ
ǶԳ͢˵ںĲһӣеش壬ó͢Թݵֱͳһ󲽣Ϊˮ˰߸ıӶƶ˰ĽƶȵĽǾзǳشġ
͢õĽǸȴҲȻԳ͢˵һɿɽĽҪʱ򣬳͢ͿսȻ˰ĶȻɣҺ˲ʵ쾭ɣ͵©˰⼸ǱȻģ˭һһ׼ƲϷɣһ͢ںܶ෽͸ʩӰ졣
ȻЩǺ󻰣Ҫһһڵسԣ·Ҫһһߣʩ˰ߵͷ꣬Щ£Ҳ¶һ˼ˮΪնڹȫʡиɹΪ˰ߣˮҪʾãǸҲڼʮڲܲȡһĴʩ
ϾһõĿʼ
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ҶСҶܸ뿪һţαҶС쳤һҾȻлֲҶСΪȻ
ҶС΢΢һЦʮɱ֮־֮ţϧûзذˡҶĳΪǣߴţΪΣɾȫʮɵˡ
΢΢һүʮȥμô
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ҶС쵭һЦ˵̨Ѿһ߻վų͢û취ˡֻܿӢʶʶȤˡɹΪ˰μ˵ʧ΢ڳԶΣҲǳ͢һ˵ġ͢Ǹղòɻб仯͢ûǸʵմӦ˳͢ģҲǻһŴӢһǵѡ񡣡
΢¶ɫүʮĽķ㣡ҵĴС㣬ҲΨйүĺϣˣʮıμһУ
ҶСЦãȻȥΪھ칦
˱ڸǰ֣Ƭֱ̲ͣμңҶСҲתׯ뷨ǽ˴˼ºһˣȻ˵ӨӨȻʽףڳ֮ǰϰײӦҶСȴôںЩ׹صˡ
ǣҶСصׯ̤︮ŵʱ״ɥʹҲ۵糸ظϵ˹ʮͤҶʹĵӦġ͵컻աƻؼһҲʽչˣﰵ֪ڸ֪£Ϊһƻȫʼת


12 
ӵԺӵԺԡ鲻ԺҲûѲ߮û˸Խ׳һʵһӶ֪Ĵլ߾ʲô
ÿ˶ݹÿ˶л볤լǲİ׻ãƷʩڸ࣬һµƤС޶ǣѡèèԾرܿ˵ĸǴСףϵڡ
ԴһεҲû˽ȥԭסլڵӶҲƿ߽ԺӣͼһػҶ鿪ڵһߵȻǡ
һѾȥܾˣ̤Ժ䣬ǸеһֲɶƵİˡԺﾲվãͥǻҶȹɳɳطš
ãƽŲ鷿ܾˣķԸ£û˸Դ룬鷿Ҳÿɨãɷ俴һȾ
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߳ŸľǰϹḧԵ͹ľͼ׷˼廳Ƭ̣̾˿渡һֻС޿еĺ飬
渡һϹ֮ĹͼĽǸһֻޣ˫ᣬצжľһšľοյġƶ
ĸȦȦһȦÿζѡľϵһľľǺϴͣ¡ֻľ鶼˲ϣ³״пλꡱһԴӿ³һذƴľ顣
ȡľϣƽƽľͷһԵ̨ͭľмλһʱ漣ˣľм䱻һԲ塣
Բ˫ɵһΡһһšÿһζľ鶼ű仯Ⲣľ飬îṹƴģĶϲ⣬һι״ľͷ
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תȦһԵǽ˳صĹǽһţһ໺ƶţǺǽľ棬ǺصһţгһŰÿ䰵ﶼڷһϻӡ
ЩϻӱᵽϣһǺ˵ζÿϻﶼзõҩϻȡһ빣űطϡ
ҵصϵͳҵϵͳԭܹõءҰаѳֵĿɽ
ҵĵ̣ʵԶ¶ڱҪӴĶ࣬һñ˾˵ľֻʣĥ̴һ׮Ӵĸϵ
һϻûд򿪣ΪǿϻֻɼգǿϻװýǮ飬һӪӴ
˻£̾ΨȥϻейǸ˵һвŻ٣˭Щܣ˭ͿЩܼķΧΪ¡
ûע⵽ϻӵϻԵøɾΪǰбͷǳɾЩĲǺע⵽ġ
ḧŰڷһУЩһ˿ྭӪĻۣռִ۵گϸ˲ԽһǵҲδʧһֱڻ
εĿѾͷǣѾ֪ΨһĽ̻߻ЩѾעⷬˣεϼĵ·ѾûϰԷĵؽȨˡ
ǰǽʮɵʱˡ
̾˿пģΪĸ粻ˣСΪ֮ܶĿҲĳҪˣһ˿ʧ䡭

ٵĸãע⣬ⲻڹµıҵǸãȨ֪š̡߹ĳϿɵĸãȨ
ٸãһլˮһ˾οʹҵĸáһбãˮһ˾οʹμҵĸáҴӺ͹ͬΪִοʹƹ
ɺϵǣˮοʹףʱӡִˮοʹҲںΪףӡִ
Ů˳Ϊ˵ʱݵطȨͳߣŮͳ߸ԡִֶθͣΪԭʹõʱĹݵطͳ֮ĺദΪǢ
ԺμҺͳ͢ĹϵһֱǢֱ죬ΪμһļǸڸյĺܣ͢ίɵĶԱҶܣͬǸڸյӢۣ˺ǲ֮˵ײ쳣ҡ
ڣշǳšӢӸ̨Żһ¾Ҫ֮λλڶ쵶ҪԼţһ¿ɰϼڹڵŵòᡣ
쵶ۼɫࡢҲľս˹ңӢļ᲻ĿڣضԶӵʮͷϽˮʮ˾ԽȫˣҵҪΪʧ
쵶β׸еĴ㣬ߵ׵ף׸׵Ĵ㡣кڣôø״ȥðգ׳ȻСõ£ȥɣ
ӢİʣһҲΪټܻͣü꣬㲻ȥеΣѵҪϷе
˵ţ˵˼ϵʮμμεݵλ쵶лǿûʸӢ쵶ڰͲиֽ֣ʱһ죡룡ȥӭ
һ·͸ĽĿǰ븧̨֮ýμҵ津Ҳֻ࣬Ҫһ˳̨ףӢӦʡ
ټ֮ǰѾҶܣ׺̬ҲͱȽϺã»üӢʱ̬ࡣһӢ㳤Ҿһ񣺡СֶΣ
ӢصʮɣϷкҪ£
εμСΪҼҴģ֮СֶһлμμСöҵĹذҲΪӪСóһ
ӢĿһʮȻһϼˣ
ֱصǣ
ȻδʽΪϼȻ̬ѾȷˣһղλҲԳƣҶСһ棬Ҳ϶˼ƾʲô̸뽲ϣҲʸʱƭҲġ
αͣǼȻΪϼǾӢƽƽݣӢȻһֶۣ
ӢڿλˣСŮҶƥؽΣϷԽ棬ƥԲɿڣֶθԼƣƥˣ
οЦСֶвӴֻǲİŮ鼱Щ˵μСڹɱˣ̨˲벮ΪѣֻոţܴƣΪѿˡ
ҴɱΤҵɱǿ棬̨β棬ҲÿһСֶһ̨Ҳ´ŭˮͻһʶСֶëԼ׳λϴ˵ĵͣˡ
Ҷƥòˣ
ǲѣӢֺγԸ˺ƣʵٶСŮʩˣҪʲô
εҶ̨ҪҲԸμСã͢ҲܲˣӦֻҪϸɹΪ˰Թ黯֮μСɱ֮ɡ
ɹΪ˰
Ӣ΢΢ݣνŵǭƶ񤣬Ҳũũ뼫٣κһλ˾ԣأһ֪͢ǭΣĶ˰˰ԭһ˰ԸС
ǭ䣬޶ȣճޣһɹΪɲ˼ʯֺҪ͢ʱʱֶΪСֶʶǳЩʶҲ֪벻ԣΪΣ
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Ӣ˼ɹΪ˰Ǯ棬͢ȷʵòʲôһҪ͢ڹݵƿֶλøԹݵĿĸǿ
һ㣬ⲻһʱε¶ӳԶ˵Ҳ̫࣬յһЩ㣬ʱƣΣ˵ĺܡǷԴӦأ
쵶ǸϳԿո׶ҪԸţһսˣ˽İ취ȻϣܽһͣһսĴ㣬ϳ޳ɵף취ϲ𺦡Ҳ飬ʹӦɡ
ڱҵյͣһɹسɼɣۼӢԳɣһᣬǰμСΪҴɶ֣ûӵĵĶԸͶ׵£Ϊ˰֮أ
Ӣؿһۣ³һѲȵˣͬΪĴ֮һϷοҲɣվŮϷԼ£ϾбߣҲ͵ˣͼıǵأϷ񲻱˴ǣ
Ӣصһӷ֣ˣϷʹӦվϱ͢ɸҶƥɲܵôߣҪ󣡡
οϲȻˣСֶһУǧ𣬹ͻظ
ȻӢûдʲôݣȻѾӦͶ޷ڵĵҶҲȿٷˡ
Ӣͷ˶һۣ쵶⣬æһȥ
쵶ϵ̨ţҶ˵ͷţڿһҲǰ˿дһͣж˳֮ȥˡ쵶˴Σͻرãٸ뿪ʱȻĺɫã
ϼ죬Ѥڰ׮£ĻŭţɣϻׯҪȥүʹС㱨ϲѶͼСŹүԺＱԱ߻м
һҶСһԶд磬αһϵƼҶС˫ۺףȻһӢҶһԾް֮Ľүܲڼ䣬࣬Ҫεȴ£ùүȳʥ᣿
κȻүʲô£


13 
ҶСˡҶСǺҲȫҲںиèûô𣬵ֻèиֵܽҶС죬ǾͲͬѰˡ
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һ½С˾ݣȻ򴫳֮õչ˾忪սϧһУҲҪնͷԳ֮Ѫǽֵ֮ܵ飬һֵܣȥҶСɳʲô¶
ʮĸ磬
ҶСȥıӰľһٲϳլȥλһ̶һϲҪլĿĻ˵ô¡ҪѴнˡ
μϼ׷صү¼ֻƤ£ҶʱҲ֪ʵݣԹүȨҪֱ𣬴Ƥһ仰¶һʱ벻˴С㡭
һػҶ´ƮƮҲƮȻʮĸ磬㻹ûվȵʱ뿪һǵõϼ֮λʱ򡭡
վסţתһ˫ˮγӶϣߵһ𣿡
ȪףģֻԼ˼룬ע֮һ˿ԶΣʱɫһͷȥ
΢΢һЦý뷨ת鷿ȥ죬ҾͰҵĴн㣬Ҫ֮ڰϤв׵ļʱң֮Ҫţ룡
ƿ˷ţ˽ȥЩĵصСˣѾ޳һĽۣҲɻħҵȥĵλԽߣԽݲó
һΣûж˵ʲôֻǹѵصͷǣ
һͷͿһʹõźĹŰʱһһɸι״ľͷβ״ү鰸ΪʲôһѶ񡭡һѻľ
鰸£ε
μ鰸һţ֪СҪﴫϴнˣȻ֪ôһ죬ǲؼѪš
ˣʮĸ磬û³
¶Щմı顣
ݸһЦľͷⶫ³࣬ȽϡĲжͰװһ˳˳򣬲ɴһɡ
ľȻľͨîṹһ𣬴ǲܿƵس鴤˼£ѵҵĴСľ

¶һ˳˳ÿһڶȷ޷졣һ̽䡭
˵Ĳڽװ³˶ΪȥǰˣĲߵĵһǷǡ
ؼһڡλòɫ¶ϵȫֳɰܣǿ׼ˣ
վǰ˴£Ͳȣ˫㣬˫ŽֺϰԵſȵץŵ棬ˮ⣬һǳˮˡ
ģѾڽһٶΣ۾ظÿ衣ÿֵܣˮ˽аۣڽһҴеĴϴ󣬶ʵȴӦ꾭Ӫİ׮֮һ
һΪɡ͵컻աƻӦ˴ޱؽƷߣֻҪһƻЩȫͣ˵Ҳһ
ͷתһˣҪ֪ذҶС컻ǳףݲͬÿһǰӵðǰ첻ġԣҪҶС찴Ǹ趨·ߣųɡǱߣɳ©
Ŀ࣬һ[ȣӦǹٳˣֻ֪ǲǱߵ˻Ƕ԰ˮμҵˣݺˮȮʱʱңЩСΪ棬ͨ˭˾ͳ˭ĺҳ㷹
ģһ˵˻ƣĥɳӣƺܹˣ¸ڣְ
ܺã˲ͷ
ĿƵضһۣһݡҲǳһǱôһȻǶϵǷǶִ֪µĹؼɱȨһֶƣҵˡ
ʱƷ룬мһˣ
Ʒ΢΢ף׼ˣ
ǣ
ƷãǸ׼ȥɣлܣֻ㼸֪˭й¶⣬ȫ壡
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޷ͷɣȫϣȻֵܣҪðҲף־ᣬ¶š
Ʒףһ·Ҷڲ䣬ͿȨͲģħһĵ˸ɱĻĸ죡
Ʒ欵˫΢΢һֻ˹èģ׾Ǹ߸ϵ֮ӣ㲻ףһ˺Ȼʶո࣬ܵõһʱʲôӡ
ƷԽ˵Խᣬ·ĵ߽ƺЩ廳˵ģҲҶСԼĸд
ʱҲֻһֻ׷һĶİŮΪķˣҰҲļڲݸȶֱΪӦΡ谮ŮˣҰҲڲϵ͡仯
ΪԼйľƶҶСڻЩԥҶСݽҶСȨλҲһʧУҲ԰ΡʱҪ޴ߴ٣ҶСΪץסֵһУҲصݵĿܡ
ƷĻĬãص˵ģұǲסڣѾһЩҪˣıֻݺ͵λҡøףסԼԼʧһ˵ĸܡ
Ʒĵصĸһܲá
صܲ죡
ƷüһҶСһ⸱ӣʧ˺ܶ࣬ҶСǵõõıһҲ֮õһС
۾׽仰ƺҪԼҶСľòصһģ
Ʒ˿Ц㣬ҶСʲôһײ͵ͣôܸĹүᲢۣ
صԸ˰ɣ뿪ˣ£ҵӰӡ
ҵˣƷһ䣬Цһɫɰڴһ٣йˣ
ҲĳȫԸ


14 
Ҷ̵ģûɣλš·̫ߣ¹ѩܿ컯ˮ˾Ͳỵ̄࣬ͻһݵĳ󻭣ɽ£һֱչߡ
ǣ˱ˣҶСļ٣ٶҲ첻Щ̺ܽʵڴ̤ȥҲδһ̤飬ȣֻӣ᫵ɽ·һȥ
ݵĶ첻񾩳һˮɱëѩʪĿ𱱷˵ʵߡֻһжɽµĹŵϣࡣ
йѹֵաеѾ֪Ҷͭʳǵ飬λˣҶСױûʲôоҶС֪Ϊϸ˿
ǣҶСİֵ֣ܼжٲ죬Ҳ᲻ݹ飬ҶСıˣʹĶҲ˳ĬҶСϣϵŴ멣ɫĬȻ֧ĬĬǰ
תǰɽţȻһ֧һ̶֧ӣŢеɽ·ϵߵߵԾǿճҲ֪·УԴ˴˻ûмʱٲ򵱵ػǿճء
ҶСĿбӣһпܿ׷̶֧ӣҪԱԽ·ԺȻһϲĺСֶ㣿
ҶСʶһתȥҲ΢΢һȣæֵԭǺ鲮Сʧˡ
˵·ҲϵģüĿ̬ԲǴĸ׺ٴҶСΪ˾ǽֵܣԺٴԵִֶ񣬴δ̼ݶ֮⡣
ٴЦӭǰֶǻͭʸ
ҶС׵ǣҲǻͭʣ
ٴЦˣһؼұӹȥ
ٴЦŶҶСɽе·УѣתˣֶҲͬԭ򣿡
ҶСЦȹ·ʵߡ͸ˣϽµĲˮϽµĲ˾ףһս˵ˮ·ߣ˸Զʵ죬СֶҲȥ
ٴȻ·ȤͬУϷֶͬɡ
Դ飬ҶС޲ʣ·һ·ٴʮ̸ֽ·ˣºܸߣܿͷҶС䣬ʵСֶֿȭټһƬɽǭ̳ӵǧٻڣһн죬ϲԶ輯һʲô²ĵģƺܲã
ҶСȻ£ʮ֮˾šС˴ηͭʣȥɥġ
ٴһȻβŵֶڰ˳䡣
ҶС˵ͷû˵ֻСõáõпյġ

ҶСһסկֻأɫдǳΣգٶǮҲûдϴϴӦҹϵͷҲֻͷޣһڶ࣬δеطưãկѡ
կկһǣںܶǰֻһկӣѷչһǣһֱûб䡣կҲͨҪ˵һأֵͬĵطҲ
ˮ֪ҶС;˵أͷ˼ͯӭҶСǻȥɥģл⣬סΪ֮ŵĴլٴΪҶСĲȻҲ֮ס˽ȥ
ҹɫҶСסլ嵶ֱվһӰȻ֣бһԲĶ·һϡ߻һСˣһ̡
ꡱһĿڷĳʣ˵ͺȣ˭
ңٴЦ˳ԲĶڵƹ·ںĹ⣬һں̳ӣһźֽһ̳Ͼơٴվסˣ;įϷСֶȼ顣
⡭ͬһ·ѾʶٴԼҴ˶һλҲþֲܾҶСӦ
ǲɣкشҶСһ֣ʣһǰһΪٴŻٴʾ⣬ʩʩȻ߽ȥ
У£ҶСѾ˼־⣬ٴҶСҾһû˵ٴ߹ȥѾ̳ӷϣҶСļ򣺡һ˺ƾƣˬȡ
м򵥵¾ƲˣѾԵ䣬ٴǼСƵһߣʳ̵С˱ѼЯСһһϣٴڶ𵶵£һҶС죬ֶģ
ҶСһҵЦݣû˵ٴһ۱ץ̳žһģǽʵӦ䣬ٴľΪҶСĿƣһ룬¾̳ҶСһۣĿЦ⡣
ٴԽǣΨжſֶһǸɣ

ͷһҴͣڰߣŹˮţܸϹһһҵĵƹ򰵣֯һͼ
һУϥü΢
棬һϴŵĿЦƺҪһҹˣҪģ
ҶСʱܿˣһһΪկˮϽµĴͷ˼ͯոհҶСסҪΪҶСӷ磬ʱǰ
ͯʶλȱ֫ˣϵλ˽һĸˮμҵˣǷҡ׼ȷ˵Ƿ﹫ӵһ顣ԣλԳǷǵæʱûѡֻܴӦ£Ҳͻ飬Ӵ
֪ԷľƻҲ֪ԷݣΪִĳˣĿ굱ȻҶС졣ԷʲôҲ֪ǷֻǸڸµصҶС˯ţɢ˳˯ѵҩļ˽ȥһˡ
ǷǸ˺ҶСҲȡκζֻǽȥһϸ˾ͻԭ·˻ء
ҵĳŵͯŵùģѾû䣬ҴϣҲԻٳŵΪ˻飬ͯӦˡ
Ӱ˼ΣҺű뿼ǵ⣬Դ˼ͨصֻصĶ١ľˡȷҶСͣկ
Ϊһ㣬νɷѿģ;ɽ·жİҶСһ·г̵ٶȣҲľȷ֮ڣִС͵컻աƻڣһڼͯ
Щ˵򵥣ΪҶСסͯΪŵڣֻӦоӪԼĵơҴиεǿֻ˲ܿϻѾȶֽţһ漰ǱϣС
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Ժεȳȣû˾ɥĬãӻȡһżͯ򿪣üͯ˿ȷ˶٣ֿ˵µǩ㵱յƻǰǷźѸٱƻȼˡ
ͯԾصǡ
صıˣ죡ȻδɣǼִѾĳŵ飬Ѿˣ
ͯһ󼤶ÿ˶ԼΪ֪СܣҲ⣬УһĲǻˣźһգӴһɡ
̲ͯס޵κִƵˣȻǷǣҲҪһ겻Ψңִ˰꣬۷ڣйȻûԭģĳ
һЦյֻʣһСƬֽɿڿȼţƮ䵽棬ΪһƬҽ²ɣҲ⣡ִ˴˷ȥ͵´δɣ
ͯȻȻĳɵȻκ£鷳
ͯųصĲһȥϡͷµ£һĬȻã˻ƣһɫӰգǷ
һƻѾʧˡգڴ֮ϣִеڶƻȥƻҲҪ׼صţģҶСҶС죡
ҹɫ޺ۣһնļƻδʼˡˮȣһӴ󵨵ļƻʼ˽ܹĵĲ𡭡


15 ȴȵġ
ڶһ磬ҶСǾϴͺǣƥȺС
ҶСͺٴһޣʱӦδѣһ뿪կǼȻûеõ׼ȷķԸǻʱе׼
֨ѽһſˣٴȵĲӴӷ߳ľҶС죬Ժ۰ͣͷ飬ͶעĿ
ǣΪҶСƽһҹʱӦήҲ񣬵ҶСȴȣƺһĹת
׼·ҶСԸһ䣬Ŀһɨֵţĵ˿ɲ٣Ҵһ·֮ϣɳ
ȭأ𸴣ˣ
ҶСͷ۾˿ϵ̫Ťͷ˺ٴһۣĿԵ쳣
ͯһʺǡҶСһ׼뿪֪ͯҶСǻ籼ɥҲæҶСͳȥ
ҶС;·Ȼ·УٶȲ죬ʱԶһҲȻĿˡҶСһϱ΢΢
ҹһĻĿþƽ
ҹٴȰƣҶСҲңңһȴٴһ߬סҶСȻȥͼٴ¶ܵЦ⣬ѹֶΪϷżô
ҶСȻ˼־⣬־ȻѣٴлȻ̧۾ٴǰֶǿ·ϵ㰡
Ϊεң
һϲһǣ
νһϲΪһǣ
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ٴ΢΢һЦ߬סҶСָһһطſԱһԱǴֵͷòС˱̧ͷҶСǳǳһЦ˻ϵ𣿡
ҶС쿴üĿ꣬ƺе죬һʱ벻ɫ󣬱أҶʩ治ǵС𣿡
ҶСһԺеʯһݣǡǳԵǸСףڴˣ
СЦ˼ˣС£ҶˣСܼʦǲҶᱨƽġ
˵ʲôҶСĿâʢһץס˵һ飡˭ƽ
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֪ҶСʱļҲӣæȥϸ˵һ顣
Ʒ˳αҶС֮󣬰ҶСǹۣжǰӵء⵱Ȼ˳˵ĲΪһֻûɣƭǮɲԼ鷳
ǹ۴ҶСĵϣҶСʲôˣˣҶСһ벻޸ƹһһ˾λϣһҶСԵɵ
ƷǲӦˣֻǵҲûʲôǿٶǶͭͼıҪһǳƷƨɾˣԪ㻯һռٳôߣҶСǸɱħɱ˾үƵһʲô
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ӦƷ޶˶֮ĶԳǵʱƷݷáźҲųеȫȨ˼ҲΪֻƷܰ³Ϊӣ
ΪƷʱͷԸ˶µ㹦ȡƷٴһ·صǱڹݣŵطҪķĿӦӦ˼ȻǵȻóˣеĹϵ
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ҶСų̲ߣױңСѭ浸һϱʵʹάʱ׳ֻƵصľ
ǣıԲûĥ֮鲻ô׵ġǡСʱС۸ҪֵҶС鷳ҪҶСҶСĺأԽԽء
ʵҶСһֱռӻҲˡά޷޲ƽһȺܵҶСãʧ衢ʧȥļġ
̲ߣףһҶС졣ά¶ĿҶС֪Լ˼ˡС̫̫෽ʽˣС˿һǣ󵽱˰Ѹһµƭߡ
һֱ֪˸ƭˣôάƷһ˵ǣĻʵջ˵ģԽԽױĻңȨһԹԾͷҶС˼ά̫ˡ
Լ˵ˣ˵컨׹Ͳģ򵥵˼άһʽ۸ʵڿңǺˣҵֵܰҡ
СҶС̫εƨɣҶСû˿ľ򣬽ܵİã˭ֵءҲǡˣôֵܺܣͬһ취ûС
ʱ򣬾Ǵˡǳ͢˰˳У͢ĻɵƽϰյıƶڵĴǡ
ǻˣܻܿҪһǽôôɳ㲻ά̽ҵİɣһٲûҪһ̽˽⡣
ҶСᣬһ˵Էǳ͢ˣϾͰѶԷĻ˼⣬ûǼҶСһ㣬һѱһ˵ӵĻ
ҶСĻͷƤ쬵ġ
ҶСŹƽֻ̣ҪԸ⣬ԴԴϵشɽгô򵥣Ҫǣʵ߾֮ϵЩע⵽ݷưһսҶСⳡҾͻȻðһ
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Ļƾʲôƹǧθ֣һȫµλ;һٶǰλŮ˾ܾͣټޣֱӳȨּ¶мʮλ˾ѹͷҶСڬBøͭϣû˳ֹƻֻҪκһλֹҶСҲ겻һͳͭʵļƻҪ˵Ӿʯˡ
ǣ˭Ҳû뵽ӦȻǻؾͶҶС죬ƶôһļƲߣһɹ֪ԼѾգ롣
Ǳңȴû취ҶСӾӳȥ԰οһҶСɫװɵ㶣֤һϢҶСֵҶС죬Ȼ뿪ˡ
ҶСװɵ㶣Ǳɫݳ˵Ѷȡ͢ˣֵϾ֪ˣҶСԵ㡢˯ţİõصֵ鷳ˣܶǰһСһ˭ֵء
ҶС˺ٴϢҲ֪Ǹÿ޻ǸЦûЦӦ˼ƵֲľΪע⵽Ӧڣ֪رˣµĺ֪
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ҶСҶСȣ˭Сأ֪
ͷˣ


16 
ͷĽܿˮƽ·һ󾵣ӳϵƺͶ߸ߵɽ͡ͷϱȽ壬ڣ˿޼ĴֻͣǶҰԺ⾳
ԶмԽ߿ԶɽƮɽۣ֮Ʈˮ֮ͷ̡ιǳģǴ˿ڶ԰Ƕ͵±ջţϱ¨űⵣ
ɽξεܺá͵ذΰҪιһ¨¨ıɽͱϵջΪ˶裬һͱڣһԨŵɽʯ·ѱηǵ˫ĥ÷ǳ⻬
࣬ΪҿǮ·϶᫣Բעθ裬֮
ҶСͺٴͷͣסˣǰȥѰͷϵˣæҴЩɢӣе弹޵ͷƨƨߵæµ
ܿ죬ͻصҶСͺٴǰͷصүӣͷͣҴ󴬣һҪˮεģߣģһֻʱͣһҪͣ죬Сĸ˵ˣӴһ˵ͭʸһʮӣ
ҶС΢һ˼ͺٴ˸ôˣƥһҴ̫ӵЩҶˡ
ͷ΢΢һЦӣСĻոûףҴ
ҶСĻˣһҪȥһҹҴҶˣҶĳǽˣǣһһÿҴҸӡ
ͷӣ˼еҪȥˮεģ²Ըڼ죬һҪߵģһλ̵˽˼Ҳں׬ôǮСġ
Ҷĳǽˣвͨһ᲻
ҶСһ֣ڵӿǰȥһߣĵȻʡͷϵĴȻۼλһƬǹӿǰγѣæ߱ܡ
ҶСϴȥƬ̹һѾװΰ;ͱ˳һҸֵ˽浹ûʲôشһܼңҲƻţսʿ˴
ǹܼŵɫ԰ףӳԶվסŸУǺôĵӣȺǿƺ¥֪ǻƺ¥үĴ֪ʮݵĴͷˣǻүʹүʲôϵ֪ǿţ

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ҶСͺٴǰȥͷ׷ȥȴѩĸֵһƣӵվסŲɷ˸ȿ޻ѿЦٴֶҶȥĴ壿
ҶСǰҴǹۣȻҪˡõıȻҷţ롮ɥᣬôκʱ䶼ˣܲ
ٴͷĿݻһЩϣ㴬Ȼǰ׼춫ȥĻƺ¥ү˽ˡٴЦЦҴڼªֻҡ㲻ѡҰɡ
ҶСҲ޷֪Ϣй¶򲻻˺֡壬ʮа˾žҪ򶫵ҴСʻ괬
ٴԣҪδ
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ƻҪһʧ͵޷죡ԣǲɱ˿룬κһⶼ뿼ڣͷСƯڽϵģȷС
⡭ЩΪѡ﹫ӣ˵ϴֻ٣ҲǾûУҪơ
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ΣһƬխļ˳֮Ϊڡдɽ۶ɽȪƽʱȪˮϪǳ꣬ɽխɽϪӴԽԽߣԽԽ죬˽ɽʱˮż˵ӿ
ʱɽ󽭣죬ˮʮ׳ۡ˿̲꼾꼾ɽıؽɽˢһݿӣˮ˺Ȼֱ£γһСٲټϴ˴խˮļγ˴ССһЩС
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߲ԶɽһƬ߽¥βӳڴС˿̾һ߽¥ڣӴÿ԰ԶĽ۵ס
ҶСҴ󴬣׼ǴʻϢ΢΢¶һ˿Цݡ
ƷЭµ֮ǰķԸԭΪȻ˼ʱޱȵ塣ҶС¹Ȼѹִ˻Ϊصңµˮ©
صҶСѾˣȥɣɰܣڴһ٣
ȻӦһ첽¥ݣ뵽ִеĴ£һҲ
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Ϊ帺ִСաƻ˵ȴ֪ģºɱڣ͵õƷ
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Ϊϼһ֧ɵ˽֧˽ȫһ˵ģ䵥ָӡ˴󲿷ֶ֪һ֧ĴڣҲֻ֪һ֧ǲһУҲ֪ϵ֧䡣
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ҶСĴһ뿪ͷмжιؿͷѶţԸͷϵĴֻŷ׷ʻͷ
ҶСͺٴδֱҴ󴬣Ҵһǰһ󣬰ҶСĴ󴬻м䣬˷綫ȥٹȻŢ½Ҫࡣ
һ·½۴ϣҶСҲ⣬ڴͺٴν֡
ȻѾ֪ԷļƻֻҪСķţԷǺѵֵģȥ֮ѴһĸܷδȻΰҶСȳأȴܼ֡
ֶѾֻ֪ţѾ֪ǵļƻ
ҶСҡͷѵǾüûüֵ˾ͻˣ֪ǲ߳ŭɱڡֻҪһеԴǶ¶Ӧƣʬ嶼ҵĻ˵Ҳüֵðա
ٴĬĬص˵ͷµȷΪѣǼưٳʱҲû⡣ʱ˴ϴ䷫êСţλˣƥտãɱ˾ڵ


17 
ҶСϴĽк˳ֱס˲ҵĴڡ
ڣһνˮᱻע֣ȻЩرҪô羰쳣ҪôˮƲͬѰǱȻģмģÿһνˮֳҶС߳ȥƷ羰ҲֻǷס˴ֹ࣬ˡ
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ʱǡһ촬ɳ۶мɴֻóһˮģ촬ҲǰΣݵؾͳ˽ӭλֵ̼Ĵ󴬴ٲ
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ʲôҶСһ漴;һɲܿƵľ޴ӺصײҶСʱ˫أɵ˿С
ֶٴ󾪣һţָצݺݵҶСϧ֮壬ҶСˮ
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պ䣬ͱסεĺٴһŰ߽ˮľˣǣͳͳȥ
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ٴһȻҶС죬󾪣ץסһһԾУǴϴڻٴշ̽һҶС죬ͰѻԲѵҶСˮ˳


18 
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ͬʱ˫ϵضԼֵ֮ϵˮִĽиϴŭطΡ⳥һĻ޼
ٴ³һкȻһҶСʾģ֪ӦһƻҶСȡҶС죬Ӷƿţ롣
ոҶСˮһ̿˵ߣˮˣǲҶС죿᲻Ӧµһ֣
ٴͷȻһæŤͷ򴬲գһԥתػǻҵĽ棺̫ܰɣѡڴ˴֣ɹĻἫ٣ǲܡ
ٴüͷȣӦȷҶСѡˮ·ͭʣȻ½·ϰյڷͭʵҶСѡˮ·ӦӴõһ㡣
Ӧ½·ˮ·ɽ·ȫ壬ҶСѡһ·ķʽӦӵеӴ˵ͬΪѡ
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ҶС첻ˮҵߣǵ׼ܣƻҲɡôԷİǡ
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ٴҶСֹŵɳӦҶˡҶСԸԼֵܣѾҶС鲻˴򶨣ӦҶˡ

ϴֻ𡢴ˮַ׷ˮ˵ĵڣˮѾмˮԼõˣһȻǱһҴǱιȥڴҰ½ˡ
Ҵϵ˴ʱȫڳϵһബϣϴֻײ¼ûע⵽ǵĴڡһǰһҴֻڵɿعս˽ߵһƬʯӡ
ڴһϪȣϪˮˮٺǳ꼾ɽĳˢʹϪȺܿڵ鸴ӣЩʯӶ࣬ЩӶ࣬ɽˢϪȲǱֱģġ
꼾ϪлҰݣʱݻƸɴҰݴԲϪ࣬˲صʯӺ棬ϪȣϪߣȱ˿ؿߣҲٷǵӰˡ
Ϫ⣬ɽλãһֳͣһϪڣѹһҰݣϪûз磬ڳϣԡŶů⣬·˯
Ϫĸˣ̧һԲѵ˷ҲƵظϹߵļ΢΢һתְֱǼ˵ģ߬ڵϵȻŲ
ſ۾ĸˮܵĴ󺺳ǰһһץ̧˵ͷһ촽ࡢɫ԰׵׳ǰ
˷ܵصҵȲʹҶС죬Ǵˣ
˵˵ʱڷСԭΪ䣬ΪԼһõ޶ĽͣǰλֳϵҲһѾ˸νĹ͡
λֳϣ棬ֻ¶һ˫۾ˣгηֻгײƻǰλ˽˶ôȷܵĲ߻
ÿһֿܡÿһֱ仯ÿһӦԡÿһְš
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Ҳֳˣǽ˰ɣȻ뵽סЩ뷢Цĸо
ĿҶСϣüˣ
ϽӦûģ´Сڽˣֻˡ
¶Цݣ
Ҳ˲ûԼ·ҶСʩȣܿ죬ҶСתˡ
Ƕɣˣȥ·ͷͣ
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лԱǴ˸ƣæ߿һԲݴзһ⿪·ϲõʪ·ȥۡ

ݴȻһҽУǵڶҽУֻüһŭ漴㴫صˤ
ֹƬ̣һ··еŵϵѪӲݴл߻վߡ
ϣ·ûԱ߷ĶĿһֱҶСϡҶСڲݴУڵϣŵڱ
ڣҶСſ۾Ŀʹ̧סҶСоԱߵĿݲԼ쳣ķΧͷȻһȻһǰˣֻɽϪʣŤͷ
ҶСһŤͷϱ㿴һ˫۾̸϶ôǺ䡣˫ĿڿһŪŻмңڷȥؿһŶαѰ覴á
ҶСҿ˿ɫʱˣ֪Ӧļƻ龰ҲԼաӺٴϤӦļƻۼ龰ǲ
̾ϢһȻ˵һˣķѹ֮ԼҪϣǺǡô˵һǳɹˡ
˭Һʶг𣿡ҶСţ뵽µĺɲԴ뿪ǣһ̤ʲô˶ˣûһաһ
żǣܹ˾ŵգһǻѪлľʵĺۣܹ氬ʷˮΣ
ÿʱЩѧĹٳ첮ĺ磻ڼҺżҵìܣͭʸķˮĹ֮ƣӼҵֻܶں󹬻ȦȦڣûκݽ˱Ϊµ塣
Ҫг𣬲ܺһˣĵҶСͣҲһҪһˣŻЩӦö
ҶС벻ѵİ취ֻҪԷûɱͲԷҶСԸŬԼʵ㾿˭ô
ҶСֻװȻ֪ʣԷϤǵļƻѾֻ֪ĸ졣
ЦˣȻ棬ҶС۽ǵЦƣԿЦĺ죺Ҿ˭ûҪ֪һϾҪ˵֪Ҳûʲôã
˵ָոþ˵ϵѪѵʵʿǰҶС졣
̾ϢصҲţ¶һ̣Ϊ̫ӲҲһ˿⣡Ҿ㣬ֻۿ׶ĲҽУҲŻ죡Ѿܾûпֹˣ
˫ǯĴֿסҶСļӣǿסҶС˿ãһǰӻһذҶС쵹
漴˻֣ҶС죬ɵһԵĲݴȥݲݱҶСϹϤ졣ҹȥҪۿ
ҶС챻ϳʮಽǰȻһӣԶϪˮϪˮʹ֮һмֻһкһɫǡʯң
ǹ˾߳ڴ˷ֶΡҶСҲ޷ˣֻһͱ˺ݺݵƽʯҿӣʯ۾ıǿףʹ
һЦһӿӱ߰һڿˮϵϪˮ£еʯҶСȹϵһغڿԾ
ɿӺ˫ֱ󣬸޷ӿֳȵͣڿӱߣ۾ʯҿ߿ĲҽȻЦ


19 ׼
ڵĻҾ濪ʼˣֻĴϴ󶼳ˣ̴ϵһЩݵά֣ӵѸЩûܵײ̴ͻ·ˡ
ֻȫе˴Ҳ࣬صĴֻҪϰȥ޲˺⳥ɳִֵĸͷԼϴЭ̽
ͷլ֪衢ײһͷԽ󽭵λҶǽͷţ볤ҶС죬ɻ֮̿æƨƨߵԸȥҶСڴӦʧ
ͷլʯͯҵһλͷˣҶСĺպ׹Ȼ˱ͷˣﻹҶСʱҲûʲôӦһ󣬱뿪ˡ
ǼҶСɫ󣬷·պһ̳ϾƵģЩԾһĶͷ̲ѣʱãˮ˷纮˿̸ղˣ
ٴһֱڴ̻۴ҶСֹٶһʱȴҲʲôסòģһ޶ٴļδţҲҶС촬ǰһ޶ʵڿʲôߡ
ҶСҶС챾ֵܣòģûôˣ˵ۣⳡӦΪô¶ܲǰҶСĴŲŪһģһϡ棬Ժٴʼδȥ
ʱһҶСղˣٴǰһȥȴͷ֪Ǹղˣֻգܸо÷̵ĸо
ٴæֶ˷纮أҿɽдɽ壬絽ЪҸһ¡
ҶСʱûɣ˯˫طصءšһصǡǰɡһʱ޲ˣٹ͡󴬡
ٴЩ²ֶģϷԻᰲţ
ٴ֣ǰҶС죬ϴ멡ٴֿҶСһۣ̽صֶ·֮£ӵ̫ð㿴ǲȻȥһ£
ٴ񼲻ȥʱ̲ס̽ˡ·£ֻһ£ӦЮҶСͼƻľðҶС졣һ·ҲûξȳҶСװ취
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ҶСţбĴߣ仰ȻͣסŲؿ˺ٴһۣ·֮£鲮Ҳչɣ
ٴҶС仯ۿҪˣβʱ䣬Ҫˣǵ簲ţźӦڳۣĲȡ
ҶС쿴źٴЩŹ֣ı仯Դ⣬ƺĥʲôƬ̣ҶСȻһЦϵ£ȷӣʹȻȥٰ죬ģȻȥҲһģǷֿߣҲðš
ҶС˵꣬ٴصͷǲ߳ȥˣٴأֽűͷɭɭٵģҶСǼٵģҶСôҪε˲İţ˲ɿƵ³ɹˣ
ˣƤӵ£Ѿˣ
ô죿ô죿
ҴҶСݣô
Ȼٴ˵ҶСݣкΪƾҶС˭ţˣţ뻹ôʱΨһΪҶСʸ־ľֻʣ»Ʒһ˰ɣ
ɱҶСѾ䵽ӦУɱҶСΨһܹõľţɢԼҶС¶ݵ׷ɱΪʲô֤ˡ
Ҹô죿
һ־̩ɽǰɫĺٴڱɫˡ

ҶС챻ţ鸡̤壬мѺڰߵŪһְͣ˽ŵذȥƵѾ˺һӣָһë̺˴ӵɽȥ
ҶС˿῿ڻϣ۾һ˵ĸоûҶС죬ҶС˵ҶСҶС졣
Ƶĳ棬ѾˣַͨʽҡһΪֵҶС죬ÿζ˸̽ȥӦԣһƵĳ棬ͽһ档
ԼãһӦòġɲΪٴĳ֣ͺٴ죬֮ǰУѾţġϤˣЩ˿ԱӦˣٴȻҲԡ
ԣǿĺٴģȫһֱһģôζĵܵҶСѾ䵽ӦӦ
СѾô
ҶСһᣬ۾ˮֻʪûƵѾˣԿܵôһ죬̬ҲϵصΡ
Դ䵽Ӧ֪һʼͱˡһֱñֵܻסάǴһʼһһֱűĵܵʶıȥ
ֱڱľǸԳǳ͢˵ˣϣˡȻεεıСȳȥĳʼûг֣һδεġˡʹһִ᲻ᡭǸˣҲӦһ̽Ӧģ
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ҲһһδεУǺ漸Σɲ̽ʵ˺ȻţˣʼˣıһĵܵܣҲȫȻӹ
ǵãĳһλУȻǰݲ̽˾ȻţүһΣΪģЩԷ̹Լݡ
ҺһСģųʱҲǻ£øСģڹүصţ˵ʱȻ֡ϰˡ
ҶС찵һ亹֪ԭ˼вġһϣɱޡӡвǿţүӦˣҪɱļʲôѴ
ү˭ѾӦ֪κˡҶСĲֻʶϤܱѣôκһ˶пܱѡ
ʱòǣӦļƻĳɹСı滻ɱô졣ʱؾ͸ͷ
ǼС壬˻Ǿͱˣʱô죿һ˵ݣаţ£ô
ƽһ뿪ģСƽ̳ϡܡɽҲţһСЩڽʧȥٹ⣬ֻ˽ȨʧȥɽɱȨĳǺʣѲڳɽ
һ뿪ҶСɢȥ˴룬οүѾͶӦһֱûгڼҺүҲţ뻹ʣʲôʣʲô
Ȼ֣ʵûѡһ֣ԸǲԸֻҪֵΨһѡֻð棬ܳʲôĿģΨ˲άţ
һֱľǱ˵ءȨ֤ǼСڸᣬȴһƬãȻȻʲôĵ
ǣʱһȥˣҲǼС鷳һأһжÿԼΪԼΪ˼ˣΪ˸ó
ܳôҶСʣסһĻţֽץס˻ͱķ֣һʱΪܣδһΪܣкĳɹһ磡
ҶСԼۿԽԽĸ߽¥뵽Ǹµˣҧء


20 ȫ
ǰѾǴկķΧˣȻ߽¥ɢɽУûһԵĴ䷶ΧΧһկǽһʲôģǴµһڻԵϢ
Ťͷȥͼǵ˾үᵹڻϣ˫ۣɫ죬ƺѾ˯ˡһϽǴкӿ˽Ų̧͵˶ˣ³ҶС졣
ҶС졭ҶСֻҶС죬Ȼ޵֪УĲҶС죬ŵĲҶСǹҰ֮ΪҶСɡ
ڻͶϣʵû˯ţֻǰ˯ѣһ˷ʱһû˯ţо飬ֻܷӦٶۣ˼÷Ӧ
ķ纮ҲǼƻһ֣ˮ֮ǰͷһֿЧҩҩһܽˮӰ췢գֻʵĸЧ
ôĿĺܼ򵥣ѾϰٴΣոձҶСʱԲ⣬ҲӦŵ飬׳ġ
Լ˹̻飬ӦµݡɴҲɿƷһȺ˵׼ܡ꾡˺εȵز
կϴ峤ӭ˳ϴ峤Щ棬ֻͨԶԶվţЩ䱸
ҶС챦̲ϴ峤˹ʸͼصûУǴ˷纮ΡֻҪκǴ˵Ĳٲĺô
ϴ峤Ϊѵص̫СûʲôС
Ա߸ŵһѵ幫ôˣ嶮ҽūţ˵κõ
ϴ峤һĶͷѽԣô˸ˣԶԶԣǴֶῴ࣬ʲôӰ˵鶼ҽҲԶЩ
һֻǿҽ飬;ò̫ףԼҴ˵õֲʲôֻ֢Ǹȷ纮ˣȻεη纮ӦҲûʲô⣬죡ȥҽ˵ļң
ҶСɽˣҲЧֶΣһɢ˹ȥϴ峤һɢӣϲüЦʱ࣬Ͻƨƨߵȥ
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һͨ¥ķ֣ѾЩˣЩطĦһƬ¥ϴһ˵尡ɣֶ㰡
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˿ǸˣȫˣһʶðŲӣ¥ߣ֣˰̣쳣
ף˲ưôĲ̫㡣

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ƷҶСѵרʿ飬ΣѾҶСߵҲ̫ˣΪĽֵܣȴһ֪䡣
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ׯӣҪչɣⶼǭдգںңԶӵ봫˾廹ݹϵĿǰȻǺ޹ϸˡ
ˣжһ޶Ķˡ˵ĸһιСǸˡСĶӣɽϪ׽ʱʷɽ鱩λش˫ҲòȥԱȫ
˳ش˵ĸĸѻ깦ˡֹ㣬ÿﶼڼпǲѧһѧʣֻ״;߲ҲûλԱʿƸ˵졢ʷòˡʿ
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ٴģ̽ҶС켸ΣѾȷϣĲҶС졣ٴԴ޲ߣµĲڲ֪䣬ţͳѾ˵˰֪Ѿ˵˰ȴ޼ƿʩ
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ԣҶС˿̵ҶСδ˺ԼֵܡԼֵܵѳʵܴһǶȿǣûѡֻʸڷԼʵݣӲͷƤðȥ
ٴʣ£Ҳֻѡ񡣳ѻҶСǰҶСģѱһʬ˰ɡ
ٴڵҲìܣҵƷɣ˵ƷһͬҴҶСĿʵĽ취֪
ҶСѾ£ֹţΪӦãһѡ񣺴ɱҶС죬߽ţ
ǴҶС֮ǰķӦԸԼֵܣǱӦˣҲδظģôܲܲ߷ҶСΪãҶСҪҪܷΪ͢áȻʾϱ͢ӥĺԱȡᣡ


21 һ
ıɫĹ棬ϻһź춵Сӣһ縺ߣ׺һĥù⻬ˣһҡ˴ڹϣ㡰ˡֱ졣
һװ׾ޣֻСѾ¶棬๴šţݣһǲ˹ҡɴ۾ϸֿػЦȻС֣Ŭץѽץġ
ҶﱧŮҶϺվһԣҡһҡ˹ģŮ̬ӣ̲סҲ¶ĵЦݣеĺһЦа
ҶСȥϢû죬ڬBþʹװŮţ롣Ȼݺͼ縺Σ¼ţ룬ҶСĹϵʵڼҺҶҶ
ҶСʵϵӣӹʾߣҶС첻ڣҲϥǰТôһޣñ˵滺÷
ˣܲһֱڹȥȥĴʱҶϺҶﻹǻ鲻ԽģϾɢȥǶŪſɰСŮʱǿʼ¶Цģ
ڬBôһӣ浾ŵķ·һչֻľҶϺڶǾ벻ûݵĶϱεľǿɡĺ뵽һӵĹһ׿书
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վһԣЦŹŶŪŮڬBöϲɫˣ

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ҶСֻǴӦһԼ
µĻҪӦţЩºףɹĸĸҲѣһأôûŪġҲð죬ˣҪɥԴΪڣͬˡ
ҶСڿиķݣдѡʱ˷ɥҪΪĸɥĸ常ĸֳҲҪɥֻǡеĵڶ˥ɥΪһ꣬Ҳִȣÿɥ
ͬɥڼ䵱ȻֻͬǺܶ˲һ㣬˽ֻҪԼҲ޴֪ǶҶС˵ǷϤʶĿýڡ
ҶС仰ɫͻȻ͵ͨ죬ŤͷһۣŭԸҲ硢飡
һЦȻҲ⣡ֻҪб²ʶƣԣҪŬˣ
ҶСȻŭϢݣͷݺݵضһۣشŴȴվûз
˸һ£ȻЦûٻ˰ɣ
ҶСôһһ쳣ŵķˡ

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ƾͼƣҶС쵱ҶС죬˳ţ롣ĵܡֵܲӦı֮µ߷Ϊ͢ãһҶС
ΪҶСӦԵģҶСӦ֮УܴӦĿȨؼʱзһ𵽵õȻҶС
еѡ񷽰ںٴûСֻѡ񷽰ôѡһַ¶벻Ʒɵİ
ƷҶСĽֵܣţϵкܳȻĵλͬʱҶСѵӵкǿܶʱܷӵãԶЩص
˿̣ҶСվҶСĹǰ棬ԼĹ餣һԼʲôо
ҶСԼˣסĸסӡӡеã˴𼰵ȥ׷ԲԵĸĸ˫Ȼ£һֱǿǶӣ޵ɳƣҶСס
˶ΪҶСֵ˴Ĺǰ¶˭˿µᣬ˸ḻС
һʧǧźޣٻͷѰһش߶䣬ͻΪһĺ£ΪûҩģʶԼ˵ʱ򣬸ôĶѴˣ޷ٻͷֲ
ǶҶС˵ȴֲȻ˶ΪˣûУһݣ˼ǸѾȥԼֻƣִԶȸĸĽֵܵķӵ߶߽塣
һܱͷȱȻߣֱͨ˺ܴܿδùķʽŹеһԼʶ˭̡ʱ֪Լжôס
ҶСģ̧ͷ汯ݵˣһֱֵܳңֵܲˣٴٱýӹӣǵļ԰
ֳشõһǡ⳵;ܹɽģԭֳΪ˵ʱûٳֹˣһɽҰ򡱱ӵһӡ
Ҷһˣ¶ҶС۵ӹһ˿临ӵɫһΣҲˣһ֣ҾӮ٣٣


22 Ӧ
ҶСǵȻҪݼҶС뿪õʱ״Ȼ첽ӭ͵һ䣺ˣҶǰãȺѵʾء
״˵ţɿһ۱ΣҶСߵǸˣѾ֪˵ݣ˹;ʶʦү
ԴҶСΪëһŭνĴ˾ġ̡֮ʹ˹ȫЩ졢ϣͼͶһʿ׷װţ뵱ȥͶţ벢õʵ
ǰ˾ģΪȾҶСĻѵһ˵״˵ǸǱڵľ֡״ͶӵĻ˵ƵĿ⣬ֻ΢΢һЦ
ҶСͷƵĳ棬ҲܶˣСݺȻҪһأҪ־棬ԶƳµıԼ⣬˷ˡ
ҶСתǸεؿ۾ǺģҲЩɳƣȥǰЩ¡
ҶϺҶѾţסôãҲˣλǵĶӴ˿ѲǵĶӡҶϺͷӣȥæġ
ҶСͷֿ޵Ƶӣÿÿ룬޲˺죬˿̿⸱ģҶСȴһᡣԥһ£ɤӵɩ̫ˡ硭ĳһᱨ
ҶСתһ鲻ԸںĿģڶذݺСĽɫ뱻ֻϵĲܻͬĶȴͬ
һ̣ССͬĵεζɿӿͷŬԼݵĸ覴ą̃ϷʱһһɫĦһɫһɫ
ҶСصĲǰ˼վס΢΢ףʱľֹϣҶС쵱һ޶ڴˣҲһɣ
ҶСȻ֪ڬBúСĹϵ˽СγƺڬBãΪBáСûʲôܵĳƺϣ֮ΪڴˣȴҲ˿
ڬBõ˵ͷѻеŮݸţС֣кЩ죺С󣬻û濴Ů뵽ҶС˿̵飬ҲȻˡ

ڣ䲿˽һڽ׵ĵȻ״СڼҺϳӣ֮µȴףⶼǽͶţɽĸܡ
ٴ麣˲һβѸ׳ıȻ̣ûֻʱֵܱ֧ԽԽӴš鸽˵ȻҲδظ˲ţɳԽҪһĹ̡
ǰЩˣǾѡγ˲ţѾʵţĸ㣬ҶСʱʱҪ뿪ţ룬ȶչϣ벻Щ˵Ŭ
ҶСο˴Ҽ䣬˵˵йЩǹϢʵûţѾȫ֪׿˵һ飬˻ǽסļ
ţѾó͢ϿɣƿͭʡѹʯһӴ֮ĴвȴԶͨ˾ӰһЩռ˾
ÿͶţ˶ϣչ׳Լ֮أܽҵ÷ĻرǵȻϣţԽǿԽá˾˸ոֳȻΪţķչȸԾѣȴҲ¶̫ԵĻϲģֻǿ͡
ҶСף΢΢һָŶͷ˼״ҲҶСϰ߶֮һľֹ޿ɺǡ
ҶСĲɵũ̸Ĳ㱨һһҴڴˡ
ҶСתڬBã˽ȡ˻㱨ڬB˫ˮγӶһֱ˲Ҳ˲ضϣձ
ڬBõȻô򵥾ͷʲô쳣ɾñطıܱ֣ҶСעӣȴǻĲڣ⸧ͷ˼״ҲΪ˻رעӣʱҶСΪˡ
ڬBñҶСһҲԼŵע̫Σ΢΢һȣæֱӡ
ҶСõͳ˵Żõص֮ڴ˶Щ˼ɱ˳Ҫ֮ԷȻң⣡
ڬBõͷͭ£飬Դģӣһһֱȥֱ׷
ڬB˵ţ˿״Ҳ˿ţԵĺܡǴǰһֱĴ˹ףΪָ𣬽һƬȷѪꡣʵɱ¾ʵѪȴֻţո

֪ջҪһܶ࡭
뿪լҶСţҪڣƽڬBѾڣ΢ЦֻΪ㲻ڣŮùŲôѹ
˵ţڬBһ죺ͭǱ߻һ̯¶ͻȥˡ
ҶСͷ˿˺󣬺͸ĸ˫׽ҲˣټϺ͸ĸ֮䱾ûж˽ܣҪðСԸлӦЩӴδ¶ڣСŮˣɲдšңùȥҲԼֵܵŮ̫Ӵ
ڬBðһۣ֪ͷ㶼ûŮأͲ
ŮҶСһãȻȻվס˽ŲڬBòصô
ҶСҡҡͷȻȥȥɩ
ڬB˳Ŀ⿴һۣҶɩľӴ˵ͷ
ڵƿˣҶСһ۾ͿԺ£ĿЩͣĵȫȻûвĶСʯͷƺҲ֪ĸģһָվĸߣܹɵӡ
ҶСʱͷһᣬÿţҪӲͷƤΪѣʧȥ˵̤ŵĻᣬžǰвΪһУôϧ
塭ʯͷګګؽһȥĸ׵䣬ҶСҡҡͷ߹ȥʯ¡
ƺûвĵִãĵصǸ쵰ŵʱҺ޲ˡˣҡ᲻á
ӵˮաҶСͷѣỨҲۿתȦȦ벻һУӣܣֻѰˣӸǲ£̫Ѳ¶ɫסˡҪάң͵סܣй¶á
ȻҪסˣǵˣǡǡǽάҶҡάСˣĸĸ޶
˿̣ٴͭʣѾҵƷɣӦҶС죬ٴûһյơҵ뿪﷫
ҶСضԶ


23 
ΪɩӣҶɩСӴûϥ̸ĵĻᣬͷһΡСЩжֹ̬ǿФȻʹ˲˾ɷĴ뷨ֻΪֵܱƣЩϤֹ̬뵽ȥɷ򣬷ġ
ҶСãаοĻôֲܲοҶɩֿһейƽҶСظǡ
ҶСԺţվſسһҪٲ뿪ѾӴҴұߣ٣Ȼʲô£
ҶСסһѯʣӼæ˸񣺡үҶСҪˣϾҪˡ
ҶСӣҶСһ£żŮëҶСҶҵĵλΣȷūַ׾죬ֵܵݵȻҪһ㣬סҶΪ㡣
ҶСа취ҶСӰĵΪ常ĸΪŮסҶҾ˳ˡֻҶСײǰ¶棬ҶСӾţҲûء
ҶСҶСӲӵȻģԼݣȴʾҲŲȥЩѾӸҶСס
ҶСסҶСңҿˣĵﻹеݶڣٲȻǰҶСӵһˡҶСݣֻҪ֪Ϣ޲ĵ
С졭
ү
ĸ׺ݸԻһҶСͷеģпһۣôˣ
Ҷ﻽ҶСӵֵٻ⺢ӣӹǶʵأӦûд󰭡ݣȥæ
ȣݴӦһ͸ҶС˷䣬˵нӣԱߣܱŶЩ˵ҶӣܰЩæġ
ҶϺҶСүǣվſŲӵһҲû࿴һ᷿Ŷһûһ˺ܾãشһ󻶺žһֻһӤ
ҶϺһϲˣ
ҶϺվ߳ȥһصôôСӻѾͷ
ŶСѾϽ񣺡ϲүӣϲүӣ˸ӡ
ҶϺһЦҶСӷͷ׵ϸ׷Цӣ֪ôģԺкȻûһӲĻ档
꣬͵ܵܵʱ򣬸һҲվڲЦɣһЦøӻǿ׹⡣ÿףĹ⵮ʱӦöһļһĿġ
ǴԺ󣬴С󣬸עôİģر׵ʲôأһδεʧһδεġ
һᣬһ˵ݣһδ廳Լġһ¶˵ĵͷȣҲ޷ѵʶȴĻᡣ
ӽԺ⺢ӣҵĺӣ
ҶСͻأ˾ȵĿ⣬ҶСصëͬ㣬ëҲᷴԣӣҶСˣӽԺҵĳӣ
ҶС˵ĬĬС磬ûһѪӣҰˣ飬ҲӦɣ
ҶСӲӣҶҴһ˿ϲ죬˸еķΧһЩҲˣȫãƳϣһƣҶСȥЪϢ
סѾʰˣΪǰѾҪΪ硱һ꣬ԸΪʰһסϯӲֲ赭ⶼҶСȷԸģҪϸТ
ϯӲֲ赭ͬȢⶼТڼӦ֮񡣲ͬȻҪͬ˯һô¶˭֪ûͬȻҪ־ӵġ
ЩҲӦƷ˵֮Уǻ治ұ֤֮˳ʵʩҶСТȥۣƣһɣո˿ʹһʵĺˣɰЪô
겻ɢġҶСǡˡ鲻Ը߹ȥ˷š
ϣһݳġһ˲վһŴ򿪣̧żԾ˷š
úܺã
Ц˵ţ߶㿴ֻҪСһЩûܷ쳣ġ׵ˣżȻЩϤľٶҲֻΪ˼ȥĻþлɣҲֻܲ˭վ϶˵㲻㣿
һŤ֣ת˸ȦҶСվסˣɫôѿ㲻ãǱȫҶҵð취㲻ãüΨһ᣿
ҶСصôˣΪ˺˵Щϻ
΢΢һЦȻǣֻ㣬Щʲô
ҶС߷ߵءߡһΪ裬ТһڣܵŮˣͿԱ̫Ӵˡ㸸ĸÿҲȥһҲ¶ֻΪ֮ˡ
ҶСصЩģ
Ȼȫǣ
΢ЦŴһ㡯ѾӦ̨ˣƵĵ˾רִԱ͢ίɣȴ벻ţĴ֧֣Ҫţɳ֣Эά֡㲻ȥǶŵִš
ҶСʱһҲ֪ϵ˱ȻţˡǼȻɡˡóɼЩһӦˡӦøغͶţĻᣬӦ˲ǰͶɣ
Ӧˣ϶һ֮ģҪӴͶţո¶ͷǲѣίɳȥأִȨʵϾ͵ǵУһ¸
ֽݸҶСֵָ˼ţӦеĵ̣ȻҪЩֳȥάֵطаذЩְŵģھģ½򷢳ȥЩšλ
ҶСصţ
ЦȻɸġšͷ£ʱԻٴһյ¾ͺã
ⷬϴҶС˺ܴת䣬תֻԣ̡ţðСάϵţ룬ţϿɣʱٷһӦѡ
˭뵽ӦļƻС֮꾡ĺ֣Щ˿ˡҰʱķѣʲôӦѣٲģҲֻܡ
Ӧһ棬ȫ벻취
ҶСģ͸
ҹˮͣںΣεдˣɫ˺ھͣʱڴЪһ
վڴͷճνˮҹĻҲ֪ЩʲôҵһУţ룬Ȿһ˺Ѱọ́Ϊʲôͣͷ·£
Ϊĸһ𳤴Ļ飬һԴС֪ԾӣԽԽѲ͸С˼ˡη̣С˺ܴı仯˵ﲻԡ֮ЩŹ֡


24 
紵ƮƮǹãһһģͷȥ·ͷƬǿղһչĴӣǽĽȴڳķ·Ǵء
λѾ׵˽ӡҴҸţҶС쿴ңðױĹ̶ûСϼŮױȻӦǼḻģʱٴߴױδЩʱˣһǾ
Ǯơ̵ȵȣʲôûдֻһЩù˵ˡЩ˸ǿǿһ쵼ΣؽֲίΡ
޹أνĸҪŶһϵࡣûϵ׽Ҫһ㣬ʮĸǾԵ֧֣һΪѣȫˡ
Щ֮ʵҲǸʶ˵˴죬ΪǴӸĸҵĸˣţǸׯģҵ̵ϯʷڻʤʿ죬Ƕһ
Ҳ˵ĳһ˽ᡣУһʱˡ
һӰӴ߹ߵԣŵһڼϣС㣬ͷ󣬲Ҫվˡ
ͷӭŷ磬˿ߣ
û˵ֻĬĬظڼװСߵͷΦҵĵӰʱһֱڲſڵĵģ޵ۣ˶޳ģòʣһڡ
ʤҲȫĸΪʶһˡ
СȶһҪ׽Щء롣


ѽѽ
޴౧С࣬ٴһСװֵĸ첲ҲүүѽźƵСһһߵģԾүүļơ
д࣬С࣬ôֵΪ˺ٴŭɴƫϲô֡Ļ˵ҵպ飬һأôͲŵˣ
ٴСӱСһ²ȥүүĺӣϲ֮һٴСһ˫СְĺŤ߰㣬ֻʵƷأϵˣ
޴ϵˣƷ˵ʲôʱһϸƷֲ죬ͻȻʲôͦصӣ
ٴϰҪ˵ʱһˡ

ȥ
޴಻˵æȡӿ첽ţٴͷӵ۾سӰŪСһ￩Ц
Ʒɺܿˣһ֧ʿ飬һճ־õ£ļһȺ꺺ӣѵһ֧ȫΨһ֮Ǵӵĸ飬ѡ
һ֧ӣЧһλӢµĽ⽫֮ϻг͢͢ҪɱλλҪı˿϶У㲻ܱ֤ÿһ˶ûбĿǣЩ˲
ҶСǹƽߣŷƽ̵ÿһ˶ԸΪǽǹƽߵĻϣ˭Ҳܱ֤ûݣ߹ƽڳȺ𷴶ԵЩɺҡ
νʿҪȫڶһ˵ϵģǴСС˵ȻȺӣ˺ЩϵŸᶨ
ԣƷɸ̵ȺʿӶ꣬ǴɽѡεģǵĻؾͽɽϣв̫ԶԵĶ
޴˸˸ŶƷɺܿ͵ˡ

Ʒɣ
ٴˮ˫ڷлŲӣŸοڡƷ޴Ͷɺ޴ҡҡͷ˫°Ͷʱһҡϵ־ٶҲء
ٴһȻתƷɣ˵Ʒɣס·ͬСɣ
ƷŴ۾ٴһҶС죬׶༪٣
ƷٿȻɫڵһվȻ˵ʲô
ٴһһصţģҶС죬ֳҶС
ôܣƷɺ޴ͬغ˳
ٴôܣϷ˵ȷ֤ݣ
޴༤صʲôȷ֤ݣ˵㲻ȥ̵ôΪʲôƷɶ֪ȴ֪
ٴתӣɫصص˵һӶ֪ģڿֻܰ¸ˡ
޴ɫʱһ䣺ѵ㲻ҵ׵
ٴɫһڣŭʲô߰ģҲ׵ѵǴʯͷĳģҪ㡭
ٴһ̽һͭƣ޴ǰһ
Ķģ޴ˣ
ٴһΣһž߳ȥҧһһٵصǽǱصߺţ
޴𾪣ǽ
ٴȻ죬ǱԨǿǷصǱص䣬䱴ִꡭ
Ʒɴ˺ٴġ˵š鲮¶ͷ˵СֶҴ羿ôˣΪʲô˵ţĲҴ磬ҴĴ磿
ٴ£Ҫǹ˵£
СӦ߽Ʒɺ޴ʲһ

ľˮȵĳ鿣ⶬҲȾ˼֮⡣ڸլ֮ʯ壬שܬأǰլĻֺ׳ӺݻΪͬ
ʮһλŮ첽שСϣֹţ̬ӯܿһС
Bý㣬ˣ
ŮǶȲڬBãϻϲӭȥȻòɬȴ˼ഺŮ㡣
ŮңңңңסڶɽµҶҶСҡһţ˾ңңҲȥţСסһ
ңңȥţ볤סѧҵα޷ҶСȻûǮλϯȴҲδԸΪЩ٧ͭʳǡ
ʱҶСδȣţ벻ªҾս֮УҶСͰͭʳǣڬBðæϡ
ڼҵѬȾ£ɵңңǳԽԽһλҹˣ֪ĶţСʱĴáŹȣˡսڬBÿ֪Ѿͷоֹ̻壬ҲֻǱϵһû䡣
ңң
ˣÿףڬBֻ˵һ䣬ңңһȻĹһۣûڬBõıŮһΪ㻹ҪţСסЩӣôͻˣ
ڬBúεȾŮˣ֪Ĩǵģʵֻ֪Ǹ˵һۣСӹˡȥͭʣֻϥǰТȰϣѻҵȻҲҪۿҪˣ飬Ҳڣôɡ
ңңʱһϲæסϲɫڰصŶС硭ѽš˼ҽţ꣬㿴ʹô
ڬBáꡱһЦ˳ңңʱ˫գص㡭ЦЦʲô
ڬBЦӯӯһۣδǵŮ˼ֻȥȥ£˵㱾СиϵģҪ˵ԶأȻС
ңңͺǵģǵģҡ롭Сһáһȥ꣬һ֣СùЩ
ڬBݸƺҲеɰɣߣȥˡ
ððҽ졭ȥòãңңһȸԾѣѿھ˵ϾߣȻʶѽƻ裬æָĳ죬⻰һڣͷԼ̫鼱̲ס󾽡
ңң˼ڬB˳磬ʱʮ壬Ůʮγʼʮ壬ŮʮɼȢ˼ҵŮ׶Ƚͨ˼ǡǡ෴ͳˡ
ڵأޢ껪Ůкö಻ֻѼ˸Ѿĸף֮£ڬBĻһµСѾͷ
ҶСȨơλͣκһŮ˵Ǽ䣬οңңܹӴֺܽܳӱ޵úܣŮʫ黳ͶעϲŽ֡
ڬBó˾˼ң˾ռߣʹͼСΪ˾֣üţ룬Դ˾͸ںˡңңͬãΪԼҶСǰطٳɣȻΪңң
ڬBЦãǾ죡һ磬ҾͰţ룬Щ׼

׼ˣ̻ţ룡Ʒɫ࣬Ժٴ˵һ䣬ͷߡ
Ҳȥ޴Ҳۣ߷ȻؾҪϡ
ȥˣ֤ʵҶСţȨҶСǴôɱ
ٴһ仰ͰѻƷɶ˵ϣǰ֤ʵҶСĲҶС죬ôҶСɱֻ֣ڵܵ󣬱ȷȥһܡ
Ҳʹ߿졣
𣬵ȻָӦ˵Ӧͼ̵۶ķʵţֻһ֧Ҫ̣ǶӦ˵ҲǡŽơ
ţˣӦῪġָЩţֺ޵ˣʯҡչҡѾӵԢżңԼССҶСΪɵ˾ڿǹ˳Ĺƽ̳ǡ
ҶСʵݣɱа˰١ȫţɢ뿴𣿻ƷתԺٴ֮Сֶô죿


25 ˮ
ٴصҶСδݾߣڴҶСΪ𣬸ñ֤ţ뻹ڣ㵥ǹƥõú£
˵ĺһһ٣ΪҪȷÿһ䶼Ʒ͸޴ŭ˵ɣ˭ܱ֤ţ벻ᱻӦգ
ٴ۵ˣһݼٷռլӣ㲻ŰլһѻլӸˣյʱӻլأ
޴ࣺ
ٴɸֵصһۣתƷɣ浽޿صĵزȻɻٵţɽҲΪӦãڻûֵزοţϻҪάˡ
ٴ߽Ʒɣסţ룬һҪҽڻȥһˣĿľֹӦֲ̫޿ءҶС٣ȷһ飬һҪڴ֮ͥ¡ǸҶСҶСҲһΪӦã˵һᡭ
ƷɵͷѸ侲Ȼ˺ٴĻΪҶС⣬鼤ѾѸѹô³çسȥҶС죬ȷʵǺð취Ӧ侲һЩ
Ʒϸ룬Ѿ⣬ٴͷ˵ǣСֶ±ˡԥһ£ֵȻǳ͢ˣԴѵûʲô뷨
ٴ̾ϢһϷѰѴ͢ӦԣҪȺ˾ϢϢΨִʱҲ㣬ϣ̬ôͶ񻯵صĵز
ƷɵãСֶ͸ˡ
޴༱ƷɣҸȥ
ٴü࣬¼вģȥʲô
޴ңѣҸõͷڹô
ٴǲˡͷֵܡĺͦߵģ峣֮ʡ塢ǡšʺλλ˵öʲ֮ĻǺ͵ĽԼҩ
ٴתһ룬ӦһĿҶСðҶС죬ֻҪòƾʵݣ㵱¿ˣҶСĻɣҲǸԷЩ鷳ڴܶԷļƻԷǲöɱ֣˶ԴµĻɵģ̾˿ȥСģ
޴˫ȭգ׼븸չһս׾ȻתԶӦţˣϲæллƷɣߣ

Ʒɺ޴ӱޡȻΪǱصأӱǼӱˣʵҲû쵽Ķȥ˻֮ϵţ롣
ƷɸѵʿֱӶҶС츺𡣵֧֡ȡʡ֧ǮƣȫֱӶҶС죬辭ˣȻҲ졣
˺ٴǰһƷɺ޴ϵţҶС족ʱǳסΪԱ˵ˣƷֻЩ㱨һȽߵĴֵһһߡ
ҶСͻƷɡ޴ǽֵܣҪֵһȥɢȻٸšҶСҲԼСĹϵóȻܾ
ҶСӦǰδ¶ʵ뷨ҶСҲȨģǵɹðҶС֮ҶСһΪ˱֣ټڳȨͷȻġ
ţɽϣĴƬƽ̹µأľĿΪŪһʿƽؿ飬ͬʱҲԱɽΣկӵİȫ
ҶС족ͻƷɡ޴˴˿̾Ƭµϡûкٴ֮ǰѣȻһҶС죬Ʒɺ޴һʱδܿʲôף˻ţ룬Ϊ˲̽ݣȻǴӸһʱͿʼעһУȻԽԽϤҶСЩ
ʱЩеûĻ⣬롰ҶС족ţջ˸ɫ㿪ʼ֤ˡ
޴޳뵱ǸٵʷСǸţǳʱɲн졣
޴תҶС족Цص绹ǵãһӳѧʱԹ𻨸⣬ǹ𻨸Ѿ˵ô
޴ǰҶСҶС죬ҶС¼ѱǴˣҶСԼǰҲû׼ͬ˵Լʶ£ҶСֳ˵ôϸ
ԣҶСٵĵ㣬ȡĶϡֻҶС켴ֳʶľҲĵ˵ϸڡ
ҶСЦЦһ廳ӣ̾ǰһգ۾ôˣֵܣͬ
޴һһ˿ϣҲˣҶС첻ǵͳһߣ˻ƵߵҶС죬ֹ޴⣬Դˡ֪顣
ƷҲ֪˳ʶʱһĻһ޴ɫ֪ƷɱһϣǿЦݵʱȣ仯ô˵ʶʱȣ֮𡭡
Ʒɻصʱ򣬴绹סɽΪһͷءʱôɽǰ·ѸոԵõֻɽ͸˴磬˭Ǿʹ˽һԵݣ磬˵ǲǣ
ҶС΢Ц׵ǰ˵ĪʱһԻأһĲ񡭡
ƷɵɫضҶС񡭡㾿˭
ҶСһԾؿŻƷɣƷɣôˣһ˭ҾҰ
޴Ҳ΢΢뻪Ʒγɼй֮ƣҶСۣ㣬˭
ҶСһãȻҶС찡λֵܣôˣ
ƷɵЩ㲻ҶС죡㲻Ҵ磡ոҵĻ̽㣡Ҵ磬˵ɽǰҵʱڸʲôҾʲô
ҶС֪ƷҶСʲôͷҲ뵽һŵóĲķıһߣһԻ͸ҶС伢ĲǷ޶㣬ҶСګګؿǣ˵ˡ
Ҵ羿ôˣ˵޴һѾסҶС죬ʡ
ҶСʵķǳǱ٣ŭصͺΪҲ֪ôˣ״磬ף
Ʒɼصڳˣ
ҶС޴˫֣ŻƷɵҳʲôڳҲҶС죬˵ô
Ʒɺ޴ͬʱһ޴㲻˹ݣܸΪǣʲô
ҶСŤҵ죬ЦǰɣҸô
ƷɳӦߵ˸ɵҴͬӦΪУ
ҶСЦðȷǸð취֪֪Ӧ˶Ǳţ룿㾿֪֪ӦѾ˶ţˣǲ֪ң
ƷĿâһЩĲһֱרΪҶСһ֧ҳϵװţ漰࣬λҲܸоõţѾſ
˵ţ룬ǴɽǨһ֧ɽ䣬פķ˾Ȩһ壬ôţ룬Ѿ֮Ѹ˰ͼͳ˽ϵռʮ౶ĵط
ЩطҪԱפءǡǡҶСİд˶޷ʤεģҪõⷽ˲šбĿǱģбӦòƲŮġ
Щֻռʮ֮һηֱ棿ѲɰͳͳɱɢĻţ뽫ӭһǰ;κηչĿ
޴ŭصɴֵܵĴ𣿡
Ʒֹ޴࣬ҶСôô
ҶСصԣֻҶС죡ΪҶСҶС첻
ҶС˿ǣûСı£깦򣬴ټһƬɽͣûСҲ֪⻹٣̫죬ûô˰ģ̨ҲͿ졣
ӻûʵţױ˿ӡСʱ˱ʮܰ쵽£ͱ˿ӣҲ֪ô죬ֻ֪ڲʲôԺܰ𣿡
Ʒɺ޴סˣڵҶСһ鷢չڣеȴƵϣҶСʲô
С磡
Ʒɺ޴֪λشʱԶһŮϲĺŤͷȥͼһλӵŮ·ӻܳӯŷ磬Ʈǰ
ϲһףȻŮʮ˱䣬ŶûѾͬǰˡ
ңңȻƷɺ޴ĽųС죬ȴҲڸϵˣСͻƷɡ޴ںɽɢңңȲظһҶС죬ȴͻȻһվס
໡
һɲټһӤްĽľзһɧһ£һ޴ӰȴͷҲ˶ľԳӡ
ңңϲصӣԣһ˰δˣԲĸ޶Ҳӹľһͷײ˳ңңϲشתת
ңңסͭʣһĻˣһﱻںɽţ˶֪˾˵ĳȴҲ˺һɽʳԱɻɽס£ҰԽָࡣ
һᵽңңζɷǳϲϸˡӺ͸޶ΧңңȣңңǶÿֱ죬ųҶС족ʱľнҲһɨˡ
ңңŸ޶ԲĴͷҶСصСܲǣɣֻףˡ
ҶС΢εЦЦһۻƷɺ޴࣬˶һۣĬĬϢѾȷˣǲ֪Ӧ־棬ܼ򵥵ؿǲ֣ɴȻô򵥡
˿̣ǿʼЩ˽ҶСˣҶС컹ţҸϻֻǻóȥϧֻٵҶСһִĻҵ򣬼˶ԷıҲû̫õİ취ȥӦԡ
ǻóȥܻҲֻԼһ𵽵ýǱⱻӦãǶӦĸʵһ˺ȫȻûС

ҶСӺɽһ˾ˣû¶ʲôŰɣ
ҶСƣûд𻰡
Ǹȸص㻰
΢Цӣ˾ô˵
ҶСһһıᷳһǡˣ̸ʱЩڹ̽ҡ
ҶСͻƷɡ޴˽½ӴʱһȻģҶСô˵֪֪ԼݣӦʲô֡ң֪ѱɣ˵λʱֵֹͣı
ӵŭˣǷôôСģȻᱻ˻ɣ
Ĳ
ЩãЩֹ꣬Σǰƶ˼ڼǰСºڡЧɡ
ǻƷɺ޴ԽֵܣҶС̫֪ܣ¶šֻҪҧԼݣҲָʵˡ
ҶСüɡżǰҶܹͬһЩ飬ʵ˵ԺҪǴ򽻵ģܲһֱŰɡ
ɳס΢ЦʵʲôϵҶС֮ܣ㲻֪֪֤ͬѵ˵һ㲻㣬ţ˾ͻǣλ˾ˣ
ĲҲͨһ㣬õģʱתΪȻ˵òοǾϴָ㲻㣬Ҳҳ֤ʵ㣬ʱ˭˵㾿ǲ㣿ֻҪûƾʵݣ˭ܶ㡣
üͷһô˵վǸ鷳ҹζ࣬ӣ㿴ǲǾ촫Ѷץʱһļƻ
صص˵ͷţ£һᾡģ
ҶС΢΢Щ⣬һֱΪӺĲǡˡߵӣǴӡˡĿ˵òݲͰ
Ӧ磬ȻҪӵͬ⣬ҪͨУô˵ڲӦǰĵλʵ˻ҪһЩ
ҶСһһֱ˵ӽɫνһļƻʲôողźֿ˵ҪȥլݼҶϺҶңңڴӺ͸޶ǰӵ³˴С磬أ
ҶСһʱŵһţ룬£µλ˾ֵܣӡãԴϴαʰһ٣֪λĵõ
ҶСŵؿˡȻ֣λһ򵭶ƺҲòĶȥȻ棬Ǵ˫¶۾ƺͬϢסˡ


26 йµ
סûó֤֤㲻㣬ûκܺĵλֻҪ־ᶨɽ֮أ
ӭʱ򣬳ңңǰ棬ӺĲֳ̧żʱҶС磬͵͵һҶСҲֻһԵӺĲü
ҶСֻǻҵص˵ͷ
ӡ˹ص˷׷׸ӭ
м֮ǰ£˾˽°ţСе˶ȴֱ˾ɣ㶼ȥ״ɧ˭ţɽġ˾֮µһĻء
صûøСей֮ǼͶܣΪŵЭٸ˾ŵЩˣҲӰ첻Щڳ١Ȩ͵λȷʵվάԼҽɽĽǶȲ˹ǡ
ҶС족˴泯͢ǰվΪ͢˾ŶһˣͳͳǽոͶţĸغܣûһˡ
ЩܹڶͶӱŸɱȻеģֻýֻ߸ִҲʶַֻŹĲ죬Ӧøʤν
ǣǰվζǿţոսͳΣûʩӰĵȲǵӰ죬ȳ͢ˣҲҪΪͬطմ򽻵ǽΪţЩ᳹ͳĻʯ
Ҫãȴûһϲ򡭡
Ȼ˵˲ɣеҲô׵ţϲ´಻߱ηɣķȴ޿ޣȥЩ½Ͷ־ʿ£Ÿװɣ
οھͰϲǾͳһߣսļ٣ĻԽԽ٣ûв뵽УԵĳ̶ֻԽԽϳǸоеʧ䡣
غ԰οŴң˵ʱѴҶС췴ӳӳ˵ĸˣضʱϲĹˡ
ҶСȨأҲͽҶСߣҲ񵱳ҶСةƹǸϦ½ʱһ֪޲ԡ޲ˡ
ҪάҶСϵϣǽҲҪԣӡ˻ˣʱͽص⡣ִţڼ䣬״ӲεķڷǻıԿͶء
Щӡ˷ӳһ£ӡ˾˽ȰɣɱֱӽԸױҶСܡӭɽʱ״ǻϲֻϲҲֻƬ̹򣬾ͳ˹ȵס
ΪҶС족˷˻ص£ܡˡʱȻ˵λ·żһλʿػԣʶԨҶʶ
ҶС족һɫ΢һֵۣţҴҵҪˣɲլšж㣬Ĵߣ½ҪˡΪʲô£ͬգǡǱңܹദǢǺǡ
Ҫģţĵж󣿾ɽаѵ׸ųȥĴߵĵô˾˵Ȼǰ״˰ĻŵһȻλˡ
Се˳Ծؿأ״仰ӡˡһʱһ㱡ɽһʵ۵ĴҪϳϴһ飬ԱΪ³»һĻҲҪţô
ҶС찲ƺԾ죬ؿˡˡһֿۣһۣȴûжԴʲô顣
ضĸĳĬܹ⡣ţڼ䣬ĸϵļǢ˵ĸʱӦΪ˵仰ĸάҲû˵ĵ
ºϸ˽˵뷨ίȰɣʵĽ취״ͷЩܣĿ⣬ǿ򶨣ƵᡢΪȻ
ҶСˣתҲҶСˣ๫ʶˣԳĻŻĻŻЭ˽оı벻鱨鱨ĻŻҪӡ
ţͦȴһҲǸׯģȴµظɻׯڰʽţׯǷȱľǶôׯ˲ţҲá
ԭΪҾӪĵ̵ϯʷţɽеɽڶ࣬ɽԼ滮δֲҩⶼҪ̲ܻ档
ţⷽ˲ŸǷȱţҵǹҿ޴ģǶһ˵ǳ֮ơţѸٴԼ̼Ŷӡ
Ȼ٣ȴţ뷽ѷǷȱ˲ţһ˵ŸɡسǸʲôѰŵľ
ţӡˣνӡˣɲһݣӡӦְȨģ˾ļʵ۵ļ²ͬΪһʳʺǲܸģ˾ȨȴȻӡ˾Ȩ︺ĵһˣЩİţȻȨ
ţҶСలЩԼˣڻӦ֣˿ûз֮ĸҾôӦҶСţ͵͵һۡˡ
ˡ·ûпҶСͶĿ⣬ֻǸ޵ãðǷȱľ֮šĸЩ˲ţɶ޼֮
ҶС仰æҲͷ˴ЩˣʤױáλǾһˣ־һͬͬ׳ţ룡
ҶСһҾԸΪЧ΢΢һЦһɫĮȻڻʤڻʤ
ܵˣҶС족һһȭǹҲƵıֱվáˣܵľͱȽϼˣΪǽѡ
ױ޵ǲﻹˣȻѾţҲֻڳ޵Ů˸֧ĲƲȻΪһˣ˼ģҲűѺ͸˵ѡ
粥Ʒߵ֣ԭӡϴɽĸ֣ʧۼ׷ûǰ̣ص׷ƷƷӦԱӻǲϷ˵Ʋá
ôһܣҲף˽ӡ˸˵ȻҲޣǼȻţͳΰף˾һԵǲţȴ˾ҲȨġ
˽ѣҲᣬֻһۡǶҲԼݣʼޱ飬ɫࡣ֪ʮа˾žʿд˱ҲͲΪˡ
ţֵѸźĹȶڣڴ˷źʵʿƵĵʮ֮ǰӵеأ֮ǰӵеҲǾӪȹ̸Ҳӵ࣬ȱľ˲š
ɽйƽ̵ͳιȻǧ꣬һɽԸ㡢СũûҪСũõҰڽʽͳνṹûпɹţõģʽҲûӦ˲ţԴҪѡΡ
ţ˲ΪƵʱȴҲʺ˵ʱһһȨȶȨܹƵԱͺܳˣȶͳμܹȨȶȴҲȨĸ¡
ӦڴһλҲҪۺϿ¸ϵһζضרСʵһλڸ󳼣ͬҪ෽ķӦƽ֮Ĺϵţ˵һڴ޵еĽ׶ΣСĶˡ
һ򵥵Ľ֮󣬶˵İҲ䣬ҶС족ҪغլȥĸҲɢˡ
ӺĲΣոջصӵԺ䡣ӱɫһõصЩɲ㶼ίΣǵļƻɺܴѣΪʲôҪʾͬ
һʵҶСǰĲ²ȻûӦĵϵƷʵҲҪָӡĲǲһӡ
תΣһŭӣһЦӡˣҶСмӣ˵ȵ˵ƴӰɣȴҲ̫ࡣ
ΪҶС첻Ӧӡ˵Щţ𣿾ǲֻͣôĸˣҲôţʵڲʱ
˵ٶȲǳûҶСǲӦҲ޻˵ΪǲŸոţţĴУŭԹǰ𣿡
һϣһû˵
תΣصǿ˾֣ˣջΪ˼£Уⷽ˲ſɲ࣡
ת棬ɴǳҵҶСƤӵδáĵģʵʩȫţļƻΪףʧʧ

ˣܺʱİǴɿĸǶɽɽ߲ôϤν˾ŵʱ򣬿ʹ̫Ҳ˰ȫų⣬ϲǺţ
ݼ˹ţţһֱסҲ˾լԣҶС족ΪƣӲϯӱ𴦣һ˵ס
ոԡϴһۣ£һ̽¡㵽ʱˮãˡƷ˼ڣرˡ
ţһУϤľˣϤ̶ȣҪҶСĽֵܻƷɺ޴࣬˵״Ȼû²ĵ
״ѣѽ˾ָЭ͢˾ŵԱΪ½˲ŵϸ˵һ顣Ų裬˵š
˵꣬˼Ƭ̣˵˾˰ţҲĿǡ˾߾ΪӪһµķΧɡ£һʱú̸̸ϳǵ飬Ҫǵġ
״ҲδָϴӦֻ̾ǰڴ£ССҮе˶˾˲վҪǲԱָˣЩ˳֮ǰ£ֻẮ֮ġ
׵ʡãձ˾һ°ɣ
״ֹü΢΢һޣк£
״ʻ˵Ļѧ˵ľЩЪϢɣѧǣ
ͷĿ״ȥһϿ˿ű뵵ˮ˼
Ůһ࣬תһŵߵſ˫ۣỷס
δҲδţƺ֪ˣֻ˫һǣ֣ɻС˫ȴδɿ§øʵˡ
£ءֹӡԼǰ̡óΪ˳ıߣųȥʵޡ
ңţɽηչͳεĽжȨʼֻ˾ڵĵطţ͵ڱȨġ
״ȣѲǵλʦˣ˵Լǰ̣ЩݣԷԥһ£ûпڡҲȨȦӣ߳ȥף߽ȴǧѡ
ǰѾԿԺſڵˣҪ߳ȥᡭͣ½Ųһ룬ڻǺƤת
ؿ첽ӴԽŲԽᣬԽŲԽ˽ǰַ£ԥСҡһЦЦģһ˿⡣
΢΢һɲһ˶ʱᷢЦʶŷһֻ۾˳ŷ쿴ȥͼһ޵۵꣬ӡ˵ʤ
ؾĪǣʤſ˫ۣӡ˵֫ոӡ˵ϣӡ΢࣬ؿӣޣΣζʮԡ
һǷͬСɣһ˳


27 
ֳ棬״ʵǲ뵽ر㾪һһڣϾʶˣܼ˹ģȻɱǱȻĽ
״ϣȾܡ
ſˣٻӰſڣִԶɽƵüǰһͼϦһӰз·йŵɵƵľȥ
оͷת䣬ֻһ̧ȱýؿ˰˸ߵȵŰŽһɽ裬ĵӰǰбʮȽǣ߰˲Ȼ漣ûˤ
㲻մ·ͻȻͨζضţǰ˲ϲſڡſؿ״鼱һ߿񱼣һ߳ȣĸзԸĳȥ죬ˣ
ʱĲһ˿̻Ҵ
ǣ״ͱˡ
״ʿطУͼʤݵڷӼʱλϣûȹǱ̽¡ζһڡ
ѹɼ飬ĸ谮˷ǰȻ˿Σôڣͨһڣҡ
һۣιȥ
Ҫɱɱʲô
״֪Цһͦͦ˶Ȼֻ̫ܵЩʱкֱӰӢ
̾˿㲻ûģǺأ
ذͷ߷ߵصǣδĳ˸ɣαػʵң
΢΢һ٣ֵǴˣȴЩ˶ȥĺͿ¡ĸˣûв͸ǽ㻹Ǽʱͷɣ
ЦһŶǶͶԳԲʤЦЦȰһͷǰأô˵
ʤ̾˿أѲյһ飬ʲôû˵ֻվߵǽϴܵͭ账ϴ
ȻʲôëĪҪɱ˻ԡ㣬իգصʤͼֻϴϲʱһЩĪĶеëе㽺㽥ģ
ؿţһ˫ԽԽ󣬵ʤϴץëҲüѣŤһЦʱΪֽһָͰ͵ؽ㡭㾿˭
ʱﻹʲôʤǰĺȻҶС졣ػؿһֻؿһҶС죬һͷˮȻΪԷʲôɫݡȤϷһĻν͡
ҶСشúܸɴࣺҶС죡
ҶС죿ҶСôʤؽڴǼʤģʱҶС족ҲڡʤҶС죬ǵʱڴеҶС˭ѵѵ
ҶСصȻ£Ϊ״ãʱδµĲ豭Щˮֵ˵ɣ
״ڼ滺ˣ߻ҶСߡҶСüƺ֪ôӺ˵һŵұģȻѷ֣Ǳ˵֪ɡ
ҶС쳤˿صڼȻʤôڵҶС죬ȻҲͲҶСˣҴ硪ҶСûţ
״һ𣬲ɵáһ𰸣˼״̲סʵĪ֮Ǵµһƣǡͼıʲô
ҶСҡͷǲµһƣʵϣҴӹϻرɥ·ϣΪҴѾȥˡ
ʲô
״ǻһԺ뵽ֵǽšӰҡ졢֮䡭
ҶСһۣɫ粻ں˼룬ҶСҡҡͷ
״ץӸΣԺʮСʺŲͣǾ㵹˵
ʵ⵹ҶС˵ƵĹΣǴ˵

һ졭
ҶС챻ϳʮಽǰȻһӣԶϪˮϪˮʹ֮һмֻһкһ׻ңǡʯң
ǹ˾߳ڴ˷ֶΡҶСѸ׹ëȻ󺺰ǰһƣ˫ֵҶСûеֿ֮һͷеȥ
ûеȥֻüһͱͻȻ̽סļͷְק˻
ʲôǣңҶСһ棬ŷһУȴֻʣãȻˡ
󺺿סļ˻ϵ˵طԸһȥɣ
󺺱ƹʯҿӣһͷ˲ݴԣݴȻ󺺣һͬƵӭ˫񽻽ƵģԼŵԷһӹԷˣתߡ
ʲôǣҶСãȻˣȫ׾ʲôϳಽ󣬺Ȼ󷽴һĲҽУǲҽͱ߿
ͱҶСһԸ˽²ͣƵֱɱĲҽҲ
ҶС챻Ͻһɽڴ˷벻ӳîȻ벻ףԱ㲻ȥ룬һ˸һ𰸣𰸣ʮа˾žǸȱ˫ȵС
ɽ䣬ҶСһʪѣڶжɪɪֻס˶ڣҲ˵ѻãֱһαƽɽҶСѾ촽ࡣ
ҶС쿴ΪŹֵˣʵ˭
״ֱ˵һ˻شҲֱ˵
ҶСһʲô㡭û
˵صҵȻûȻ˶Ϊˣڵ㣬ҲûȻ˶Ϊˣ
ҶСû˵ó仰ʲô
ĬƬ̣·ڵĻҩ壬ģ
ҶС컺ص֪
һĨεıİɣ벻㻹ûб
ǷޣҶСֻشһ䣬ֻһ䣬һ룬̵Ŀâһһʹ
ҶС쿴Ŀ⣬˵֮ǰݻôһ˿ɵĻ˿ȴûаˡ˵Ȼ˭
ҶСΪģȻûΪʲôҪһʬð㣿Ϊ˲ڰң
ûлشֻǻһۿģҶС첻һ£ҶСȫ޷ǰªµ˼˺λ桢ŵҳϵ
ҶСΪ⸱ģɼҲԸټ
Ǻǣ⸱˲˹ģԼ˶ᣬȻԸ뿴ⲢԭԭֻһұĹıʿðϣϵڣ
ҶС쾯صϣƷ
ϣסģҲ︴ٹ⣡ʵһ֮вҪҪǣվܰ쵽ұ㾡ĽظΣ
ϧЦŮ˾ŮˣĻÿӵɽӡˣӦƴӣȴ޴İϸ˵ϣӦϡ
ŨŨĲмӦıµĻжǲɣܳɹҲһ˾¡Գ۾µģ±Ҳ۾Եֵ߱µģֵܡѧ
Ӧ˾֮ɾʹҵˣ쿪ӦϣֻӦϲϣӦƴӣΪĽӦ⣡һӦǾ𣬻ң𣿡
ҶСŵ齥뷨ˣԣƾͼƣ
ĬƬ̣صӦҰģһֱһֱҵıǣӦֻҪˣҾ;ܣ͢ƽѣĪսָ϶˼ͳΣ
ƷȻΪãΪʲôƾͼƣҲڣһڣΪıһжִУ벻ڶҪӦûңȴͬء
ҶСǱӦߣȻΪ˶ԸҪңң
ЦЦû
ҶСĬˣû뵽һõŵµ֮ۡǰ龫ǵҪɱԼת˲֮䣬ԭļƻתϧ
ֳƣΪ꣡۱ɫ
ȻܶĶδǵһġ֮ǰɱҶС죬ԽҶСֱӾȡţͬʱҲԵҶСεļ⡣ѡҶС죬˲ƷļƻԵԼȱªԱ
ҪԭһֱΪͲϲСҶСĽӴֱΪţɽӡˣûжҶС춯ֽžֻ֤ΪʱҶСá
УϵġΪ֮һеģԶļ壬Զ𣬾һ˹䡢ҹ䵽ĵ׵
ҶСŪҪôɣɻǲ׷һĻĵϷݸ˭ġЩĲ£ͲҪϷЩ֮ƷӦˣϷﵽ̶ֳȣôˣ
ҶСɣЦЦҶСֻܴĺɴоЦҺǸһЦ㾡ԷεŹӣվһȥˡ
Цʵûк
ҶСһΪʲôͻȻ
ȴûеش˼ֻԴΪ˵ȥˣֱ֣е˯е˿еϲе˴ˣƷ衣Щˣжݵʱʧȥʶ
ҶС૵صʧȥʶ
ôһɲǣ˵ʶȫʧȥ˵ģֻԼȫ޾죬ʶָֻʱ֪Լոʧȥʶ
ҶС̲סʵȻΪʧȥʶˣԼ֪Լʧȥʶ֪
ν֪ԼʧȥʶΪһԾֹĻ˵ѵģʧȥʶǰԱѻںȾ죬ʧȥʶѹʱѻڳԾ죬ͲᷢԼʧȥʶѹʱѾ뿪أ
ҶС춮ˣûܷҪһԾֹĻУһأȻȷʵһΣҲȷʵ˵
ǴΣոձΪͷͬηǮԾơְģոְˣֵǾʼڼӣȻǾƵɣ
һŷȥ¿ϣôɲǵʧ񡣵ʱһ鱦꣬һλӺݡŵĹվڹ̨ǰΡ
ţȴһһڻưǣһֻʮֽͷˣϷĴ塣־ס̲֣Сϲ֪߹ٻء
֪Ǽ鱦굽Ǹ·ٶಽԶ¿ӾٶಽľһУȫûм䡣ʱû˯ţӦþ˵ʧȥʶˡ
ʱ¿ͣ²ˣλһֱվڵѡΣôʧȥʶٻָʶʶм˱仯֪Լʧ
ҶС֪һһǽⳡ־ٶĹؼڣһʱ䲻óˡ
صˡڳУȷƷˣһСֶΣһʱʧȥʶ

˰ҶСǰ˴ȥԱ߻·ѵùʱ˺Ȼ֣ɱˡ
ҶС̣ҶС챻ᵽںõʯҿԣڴʱֽţļƷ˫ֱ۵˫ֱַۡĵַЦЦǷ׷׽ǶƬ̼ȫʧȥ˶ʶ
Ժһ棬ŷ˫ֵҶС죬ӽʯҿӣǻָʶʱ򣬽һյ»棬ǰһƣðѡҶС족ƽʯҿӡ
޷νӣǸûʶԼƬ̵ʧ񡣶Ƭ֮䣬ҶСƹʯҿӣһԵĲݴԣٻʱһˣѾҶСˡ
׽ʯҿӵˣѱֽţֻ᱾ܵطҽСܵؽȫʧȥ·ҲҶСһģһȲҶСĴţ׼һ·ҶСϣȻҲܶ׼һףڡ͵컻ա֮ٻһΡ
ʯһͷһӣʯҾͷźˮ룬ʯѸ˫ֵڿҽеٱģʯˮڶĲʯͷζǺᣬΧ۵˸Ͳ῿̫
ƣõǹƣҶСƽ⿪յףȻ
΢΢һҶС˺ͨ׵ķʽͣҶСôһ˵ʧЦҵˣǹƽ̽˵ǰ·ңޣҲӦ˵ʧơġ
ҶСҡҡͷҲû˵ʲôʧơ뵽õǹƣΪһˣùƵķһԱߵˣȫ̸֪ʲôǸˣҹƽһλཻ񣡡
ҶСһ뵽Ӧɽסƽ԰ĸɽկʱӦɽϽһй硣ʱչԣӦΪḶ́ȴĿжţѹ֪ԼŹһĻҶС˼̵ӡ󣬴ʱһ˵ʱ
ԭˡȻǹˣǶĻ˽ĶԣҲѰʱ侫ȷ̶ֳȣֻйƣƵһܼʱãҲܼʱã

ԭˣԭˡҶСͷ˵渵˵顣ػȻҲǽƾͼƣԴԻӦϹһǺݵģ
ҶСֻǾҲȡƷ֪֮ӦȻҳΪƽ̽ڴҵ⣬ȴҲûаѳɰȫһ˵ϡ
ҵһЩ£øغͶĻᣬ˴ڼ飬ܡ͵컻աȻãܣЩͽڼ飬ҲܶţشӰ졣
룬ؼʱ̣ǱصͻȻˮΣҲ֪ж˱Ҳ֪ͶҵжǼϸľԱͻʧȥģǸôأ
һֱһԵȻǰ˵һУ˿˵һ飬ǰٸнλְֺ֣ޣշţ룬λʱ֪˶Լƽû¶
˿̣ƽһ飬ӿڵҴֱ๫飬ƾͼƣճӦǱţȫڼͽһٲ׽شͬʱӦΪѾţ룬Ҳлһ
ҶСּѱϣȻعȥ
ҶСһֽԼմӦıҶС첻ɰ׳⣡Ҫͬͬˣ빲Ϊ͢´󹦺ҶСҪ֤ϱΪ빦
֮ҶС㼱عȥӰȥٵķûӦϣⳡټϷ
ҶС챾ҵ۵ʲôȻţ룬һ滻١ǡһݸ֡ڻһݳһҶʶˣѣѴʶ˸ıһҲʶģԸ˵ȴסǣҶСͱʤ
ļƻһʵĻᣬŪҶСҶС첻̣ǾĽȻҶС춥ȥһҶСð䱾ҶСҶСĺϷ
ҶСһڷļƻͨúٴĿŶҶСѾ֪εĲֵܣֵ֮߻ʧȴǷѪ顣
ҶС첻ɱĽ磬Ȼʹ˵ȻʱŵһܵĵطֱƻǿԵġ
صţ󣬲ûеһʱ棬ﰵﲻ֪ж˫Ӧ۾Ķ磬ֻдʵΣܴӦͷϺĽġ
ҶС׼ҶСذԼʵ̫شһһ京пܱ¶࣬ҶС׼˷ǳޣ
ˣסݺϷˣҪԵϣԲò֪ࡣţ룬Ҫֻ֪״ͻƷɣݡֵܴ࣬š
Ȼţ϶ûм࣬طû֪٣ѲҶҶ֪ˣ˰ʤҶС죬˽׿ڸ֪ģҪԸӦôٵͷɶܵϣ


28 ֵ
Ȼ䣬ȴҲδ¯ֻеɢů⡣ո;оһ亹״˿ֻģȴȵķ·һŻ
һ˵ڴҶСغ͸¶ϢܸоõһôӴܵļƻƾͼơмơơƣһмбʱݻ٣Ҳ״Ҳеġ
˷ܣʦԺһζһ׮ϣϸ鿱˷ؼһΣ״ѪڡҶСһЦӿɲУҪ侲
ǣ״˿³ʱɫѾƽ
ҶС⣬״ְ֮ףѡ״Ϊ֪ˣһȴǸأڻϤܺ¶״Ȼһ
ҶСȻȥɣʱ䣬һƷ̸̸֮Ҵ֮ǰҪס
״⣬ҶС˵סȻһƽӦΪǲţ뱸ʧ⣬ȻƽҲʱʱһɧйǲǡס
״׵ѧףˣѧˡ
ҶСͷ״˾ӡ˳Ҿһߵ£ȵİŽĻ裬뵽ӵǱģ״һ졣
ɿһۣע⣬ýŰƬв˲һ죬ʩʩȻȥ
״סͼһһӭ޴ͻƷɡ״뵽ҶС˵ҪһͻƷɵ̸æӭǰȥƷɣ࣡
Ʒ״ʩһ񣺡մӡǶ
״ɫһ䣬΢ŭһǣ
ƷɵգΪţıһУͿ๦ߡޱǲĵȴ֪ӡô˵
״ӡ˵һ˾Ȼӡ˳汣ĳȴҲĺţ
״ҡһҡͷҪٲ뿪ȻʲôƵģˣడ괺Ҫũߡţ֣Ҫһ£ã̸̸
޴Щ⣬ߺߵһֵ¶ͷ˵Ҫȥɩ
״ӡ˲˵˾ĳվҪ뿪ţˣԵĳµˣ¶ȴܵ飬ǡ
޴ˣһȥҼɩȥ飡˵Ҳ״ش𣬱һƷɣ첽ǰȥ
״Ŷ˱ӰĵϧûֻһѼƻ͸¶뻪Ʒ֪ˡ
ڣҶС컳ŻˣƷɡ޴
ҶСһĻԲģӯӯվҶСҲһˣҵ¶棬ǰɣȥݱܡ
ҶСߵ棬ѥӣĹһ˫ۣĿ
ǰ棬Ը룡
Ƭ̹򣬻Ʒɺ޴ݣһ㹰ֵɩ
Ȼλֵˣ
ɫ״Ĳ豭ָ裬΢Цλֵܣôˣιң
޴࿴˻ƷһۣƷɣ˵
ƷҲ޴ĵ˵ףһɩм£ֵããӦ˵֪
ü΢΢һŶʲôѽصӡ
Ʒɵͷ룬Ťͷ˿޴˸ɫ޴վſĴ򿪷ţ߿һ£Ϸţ߻ûˣ
Ʒɱһҧɩ˵ЩţСţڵĴ硭Ҳڵ˾Ҵ磡
ʲô˶ʱɫһ䡣
֮ϱĿҶСǴһڵһ֮ǰٴ̽ҶС֪顣Ʒɺ޴ϵţ̽ҶС£Ҳ֪Ըû뵽ѾִҶСǱҶС졣
ҶСһȻ𣬴齡֨ѽһҪ˵ĻƷɺεȾʱɫһ䣬ˣ
Щˣ֪νͣƷѾٿȻվƹ棬Ʒƹ磬һۿҶС죬ʱһˢһ£ѸٱϺɫ
޴ЩȴҲɿظϹһƸմ齱վ𡢻δѥӵҶС죬˫Ŀ죬һָȻܳģ
࣬ҡӴ
ҶСһ仰û˵꣬ͱһȭ򵹣ˤϡһȭʹŭⲻ֪ܵ踺أάҶңӽ첻˺㣬Ӵٲޣ
ҶСֵֵţʹŹȴůůġ˼ŭȻΪҶСðҶСݣûռõıˡӦ뵽ԼҶСȻҲˡʱݣûбѡֻɱڣ޴ںһ㡣
ҶСֻмܣ˫ۻס棬ಧȭͷֱɷкòۣæǰ࣬ˣס֣
࣬ŭ˵ɩҴ磬ҶСðҴ磬ף
ƷɽһΪã벻һάţƽȣֹܷӦıȫİ취Ҵڿ϶ӦˣѾ˻ɻأҲ޷׼
˼ȥѴ͸¶ɩ֪ɩ˵취˭ȴڿȡڿΪţ롢ΪҶҵҶСȻڵõĹ뷿֮С
ܴ裡
ƷҲ۾ʲôСҴıʲôı󶯣ȫȻ˲ˡסضŹҶСɩҴ磬ף
ֺֺЦƷɣ´࣡磡֪Ǹ˾Ǽٵģģ
Ʒɵɴ۾ɩ˵ģҴ磿
ͷԣ磡˾ǸҶСҶС죡
ƷɳԾؿȻǰһס޴ࣺ࣬ȱˣɩ˵ģǵ磡
޴һȭһ룬ȻڿУֵϺһŤȥƷɣģ
ƷɻȻŤͷЦõҶС죬ʶںδ
ɽ
˴ʲô
β㣡
Ʒɼصģģ
޴һѲƷɣ㣬ʶʱƪʥ£
ҶСƲĴ
޴ͷʣȥԻƣ˼λ̣
ʱۣҶСŭƨʲôʱϹ¥
޴չյȻ磡
ҶСûصѹҴ
ǣ޴ϽҶС죬ֿɺصô¶
ҶС᣺ҲŸո˵һ飬˵ĿڸѵҪ˵һ鲻ɣ
ƽڿڵˣ˵գ
ʱ֮󣬻Ʒɺ޴ͬصԭˣ
ҶСţŵҩƣûصɲˡû뵽ϲȻѾ١࣬þϻȥ԰ꡣ
ҶС֣ͣͣ̾һ֪Ҳ͹ˣܣҲҪ˵֪ˡ
޴ຩ̬ʵ˾Ҳ˵Ҳ˵𣿸Ҳ˵𣿶Ҳ˵𣿲ĸҲ˵ңңҲ
ҶСһƿҩȫϣ˶˵һƨ죬ƨ


29 ã
ȥӡˣȥǵĺ״ƹ£ĲＸ䣬ֽ£ЦŶû˵ֻǳǳһھƣְƿ¡
һĲֶӶ˼䣬Ӹ¿ӣüƷɺ޴ҲȥӡˡǵýҶС˵ƺģй̽ľٶ
ص֤أżģ֤ݣǾ͸ҵңӡֱԣ˵ɷǼٵģ㲻صģ룬ֻﲻ̤ʵĨǵȥ̽һ̽ӡ˵ķӦ
ӳһǷĲ£ߵҶС֮ĸѣΪ壡ݣ檷һɽѾͷˣ˾ΪƣƵƵӽֱ֪ܣҲ塣
˾ǰλһȣȻҲ޷ʣҶСֻҪסͺáֻ˼ȾӡˣţҶСТΪڣҲ޷Ӵ̫ΣգӦðŶԣ
ȻһЦȻЦݣоõ΢ԱĵӸǷȻָ߸ϣһģ
˵ĺϳŮţӡ˾֮ɱɱƵġΪôףԴҶСɱɱֱ񣬲űǽҵ֡ҶСʱͷ¶⣬ֵĻỹЩȻΪôǽнھľӴһԡ
±ֳά֮⣬Ʒ֪ʵݵģôϺңƷҲϣţҶӡҲϵĿƣϸ֮·ȻӦ֧֣Ҳ޸Ƽ
ƷԼͬѡӦΪϸ˵Ļᣬ;ͬ飬ĿֻͬǷȻ෴һӦ£д֮һȴıԴ͢͡
ӱҭһ£ŭ㡭ߣҪΪ˶мӣ͸Ҹ˵ҿˣ
صô˵û˼ˣ˵˺ˣѵһˣɾʹҵһΪӣһΪҲͬƳš
ߣصظ¾Ʊûصٺȣ£˯ˣ
ʵҪЩ˿̰ȴӣֻ˯䣬ʱͶż־ȥȥϢˡ
Ժһ˶ȤĲҺȼ
Ĳ˽ЦˣЩ˯ɡ
ЦȤȤȤ֮ţ˵ƶΣƵʻԼңת磬ʧ

ҶСϣ£߰˼ãŲ֪˯ȥڴƵ壬ֲ赭ȣסҲӲϯ첻Ž塣
Ͼ˾ݣܸéݲסҲǺլԷȺһҪɲ֡Ҳŵůˣ̿¯
ҶСֻ˱˯Ĳ̤ʵѻصţüˣɻ̫ӦݡԺ˯˺þãȻоеŵģҶСһۡ
ǰҶСһһſϾͱһֻסˡ
ꡫ齱ߵһָڴ˸Ķſס͵֡
ҶСűƵĴ˰ӣ㡭㡭СôûԲ£ûС

һҹǡ£ɫ
¶һγϢͣǰſţΣغ·ڵȴʲôƴһչӳֻһ˫۾ڷŹ⡣
ͥԺУȻһ˫Ӱһǰһһ񻣬һ˶ϵʱͦ˶ԺǵӰվסˣǵĽ˶ӰһҲ
ãɤӵɣҲѣѲġ
Σ˻˷Уеһյ¡ⷿй谵ĵطƺǱʶôһطžﰲһЩ
ǵĺ񴺽ˮӰ߽Уɫĵƹϡϡ˿ϣӳƵļžӨҲ͸Žɫ顣
˫ɫġ顱ӰƵļϻؽڵϣʧɤ΢粦˿ң磬ô
ϵĬĬţĬĬؿֻһ˫۾żɣãЩɳƵң
ߵǰĻ꣬һ˫աͻȻ˫֣ץס֣ƺֹǿ۾ͻȻʧȥȫƵģ֣ץסη֡
ժˣ¶һŰ̺ݺġɲףа׵ָḧȥߵ飬һſŵصҲ壺磬㡭ô⸱ӣ
ݲңأݲңƮ÷·һ磬͵ӯ̨

˷һҹ򣬾ȻϢѩѩЩطѩ䵽ϾͻˣЩطȴһǳǳİѩɸţֳҰɫԶѩ֮
˸磬վǰţ羰ԶһνýӣмȴһŮӣӴһæתԺȥ
ϳǸŮӣӡһȻҪ˾ӼæرŶԶԶӡȴǰݼܣȻϣɽӣôҲݡϵʱҶСѱжһ
˾飬£طԸһ˼Ҫ𻰣ȻǲšļǷ£ΣҲֻȥ
ӷɿҶСһۣ΢־֮ɫǡѸٻһҲ˵壬вǱʲô˼
⣬ӡĲĵڻȻȻطֳȺֱվеࡣ˶һȺһۣȻǵûһλţʤֵܣôû
Ӿһ˵ϸһɰһȺȷʵλȫ޲ϸ΢Ĺˡȷʵ̫Զѹţȴ¡
صλĸǲϵ֡ũȥˡڻޣüôȻ˾أΪţһĻţЩԺ͸ʱʱϣҪĸţ
ЦЩǰĳյ˾ȣԵСġ
ܵԶԵӣӿﰵ⡣һ߸ϡ½յڿԱ̹ࡣ
עܿʹתƵ˴֮ڡվڴſ£ȫΣвţһҶСҪ̸ʲôǸӦȥɣ


30 
ΣҶС˵Ƕɣ
ҵȺ˷׷׽ʩѱϣ
ҶСһţϸһ͢˾鳯Ƿǳӵģţ֮٣Ϊ֮Ŀ賯֣͢ǲվȣҪϳ͢ӿŵãʥ衣ԣԭָֽ˾ŵԱͲҪţˣ֮ڣȫС
ӺĲ¶һ˿ϲɫ
ҶСֵţӳ£һʱͷһʤΡУЩҲҪȥٰ죬ʶţ룬ִ񡣡
ҶС˵ƺЩ̫ԸؿһֿۣһۣҪ빡˷ׯ̡Ҫţ½ӵصԼճ͢˾ŵ񡣡
ı鿴ţһУƺֻӡ棬ǳǿӵ˿ȴΪȻǱѻǶûȥֻӲͷƤӦֵĻǲ
ҶСʱϵТأȻƷˣҲ˽Ӵĳ̸񣬱Ҳ뿪ˡһߣ˾ţϵһЩʾһҲ׷ɢȥ
һߣֳ˾ˣظϳţ룬ԭļƻݲþܾӡˣѵЩʱն˭Ȩ
ҶСǺʱǰΣ˵ˣҲӦʲôɲӦҪôܾҪôӦô˵ָؽ˾ŵѾȫ˵İˣǸֻˣƤӵʦּõú£
Ӵŭߺȣŵ˼˾͸Ҷˣ
ӣ¹ֲ˾㲻˵ˣõشӵĻҶС˾ȥЪϢˣ̫ϤˣҪ
ҶСһŭԵӣ޷޵ؿһۣȥӵӣǴˡ˾Ҫܾãǿܣһ˾ǰҲδؾͱҵˣҪ̡̫
ӲмЦƾ
ֻҪⷽ˾еþͱҸƾΣ
һϣֵҪ£Ҫȷţ˾ݣҪһ㣬ҪľҪԼԼ˾һѵѵܰóҶС
һŭ鵹ǽƽȻ仰ȥˡȻɲͬԳ󣬵ĿıϾһ˵ȷʵеҲִ

½ƣеŮ˵֣ȴǲ۲۵һˡȻüĿģŮ˷Ҳ쳣뺷ĹݣҲȷʵһЩ
ʶĶ֣ȻûܳΪţȴͯҲǲμӹԺ͸Եġǰȥֽ˾ŵ£ȻҪһϴҪǿࡣͶţ벻ãͱίˡ
½ƵȻһȥģţ뷽滹ЩʹӸЩʹӵȻţˣӦֱٴҲɳǱţȥ䵱һʹӡ
Щӵĺܣɽɽʱŵɽ˲漼ܣһɽ⣬ͱ÷ǳˣֻмûʲôر졣
½ҲҪʲô죬ֻҪͺãĻԽԽ½Ƶ⡣һ͵½ͯΪˡ
ĵطԲʮ൱һسǵΧֱͷˡĿ½ƳŹѲ·ĹһݷЩүѡõַ뽳ʦͼֽӶذսţ߷ԼеλӰæòɿ
æµţƣҲ֮¡Ϊһڼ䣬һ̬ǽȻͬġţˣ·˲֪ƣǡΪڼ飬ԽԽġ
Щʱûʹ˿ֶΣû˿ķܡκ˶ҪġҪ棬һһǮˣһθһԼķӡ
ΪҪһͷˡĿϡȫ絽һߡ
͢ĹԱܵЩ˱ܵĵִڴƣ޷һλţϵ͢˾ԱطٺмˣͿԷӾ޴ãܱ֤ΪŷѸٽµͳߣΪļʵ
ʱΪפڴ˵εطԱɵúõĻϮ棬һֱȥ£ܲЩطĽɣܲؽš
ʹ˻ֵطĹȣΪţĵطԹŬţϧһ̰һǮǵģΪţ룬Ϊڱţӣ͸¶һ˿һ

½һˣкܶܶ࣬Ͷţ˶ڼ䣬Ǳѡγȥֵ֧ط衱ЩˣȻĶڼ䡣
Ӧڼ䣬ΪţȨ費ԹϻţţܵҶеϢ١ϵġ
ЩϻͷˣЩܵԼָֻŵ˻ǺܲѺõģɱǵȻңǾ㲻ҵ鷳ָʹЩƤå°ӺשеģЩɾڼǣѪԹ޻ڡ
Ϊ˵ϱţ룬ţ뷽ɳǵЭýӶӰ쵽ʩӶӰ죬ǶԼܵһвؿƿϽҶ˾֪
Ըȥԣȥʵϡӻƾһ֮޷֪ͨݷ棬ЭҲţ鷳һȺɰˣһȺ˽ڼ䡣
ЩطѸٷչҶȻǼΪġЩ˵ӰЩ˵ӰǽҶСҶСӦܲţǰµģȻĻһĲֵ
ҶСУͷ͢Ҳ˾٣ɵеһڼ䣬練ơڼˣҲեһ˿ʣֵڲӦϡ
ڼڵشµûϵͳͳţգΪţ뱦ʲһҶС첻㣬ҶҲ㡣
ΪЩ˱Ѹ֮գҲǡҶС족ҶС౩¶֮ʱӦȻʱλӦΪţ֮УӦһػ
ԣϴʱھӦһػͬʱһ˫ЧҪҶӦʩѹ価綯֣һܱ֤ļƻͬС
ǸϷֵʱ˰Ҷ˿ӱɽ̴֦ɺԶ֡дһš


31 ׷׳
˲żüãҶܺ⾫Ӣ͡˲żüõĴ͢ҲٮٮˡҶܻ˵ľƣְˣְɶִƾ
ܶѾϻۣҶܵţڵϸϸã΢΢һЦһСͭһһֻڹžɳص֮ϵͭܰһԶȥ
Ƭ̹һѧƵ߽鷿Լ͢˰Ĵաɣ
Ӧ٣ۼ𣬱ҲͲ˶١ҪǣӦ٣Ӧɹ˰˰Ҳ߹ߣʵںܶûôϵԸֱ׳
λƵʦүԸһ䣬ͷ˵תߡʲô뷨Ȳϣⶫϸ©ġһСҳ©ٸδس©һʡܶ©©ҲҪ©ˡ
˵ݲܣ˵Ӧһ˾Ҫ˰Ǻǡ
ȻܶôԸˣɡҽھǡؽĴԶݣ˫ȮӦӴĲҵӦľ·ҪͨĴҲ취
˵ʦүҪԸֻ̫࣬ҪʲôôϲܷеͨθԼҳֺɣʦүԻȥ취ȫ趫̲ġ

ƥ򣬵̫һ仰Ӧİͷͱһƪǧֵһ⹫ϱ߸ʺܶطӦһ⹫ϣŭ
õ᪡һȨҪµƷܹһԶҲŭ档
Ӧݵ˼䣬ЩʱգߴٲȥƵüˣ϶ȥһ˳ɶϣݣЩ´ͨ
Ӧǣ磬Ҽˡ¶Ұˡ
ü磬ӦҪʵƣ֮ǣαص
Ӧ̾ô˵ҲԶݶĴ䴦࣬Ҫᣬ»鷳С̣Ҵı
ƷĵüһҲ̫С˰ɣ֮أǧǵɽΪأϸΪءƽ桢ࡢ졢ذɽ˾ͳšԬ¬̷ޡգΪĿѡҲԪһɳɴۣǧҵѵͲ𣿺αعƥ֮£
ڳĶӦľĸƷ˵Ȼع˼ɡӦĬƬ̣ɡţǱ˵ţ룬ҶСջᱻʶơΪӿǱߵĽȣƷȥһͭʣ¡
Ʒ˵֮ȻͼѾ׼ʮˣҪ׼ã׳꣬ҲǸôչͼʱѲҪĺ֮귽
ֻţǱգҪˣ뵽Ʒһ󼤶Ӧ
ӦҶСһζȣҪִЩôƽ̸ڣ˶ţ˾ĹΪҶСݣԼǳ׿ţ룬ҪΪЧҪҶСƣҶСˣʼã
ƷȻԸҶСӲĵġ
صҵǷҲ׼ˡ
һʮ겻һˣ
Ӧ⻰һ򶨣Ҳɵһҡ뵽ϽеűޱıӦ˿ţб޻
Ħȭƣ

忤󱯸
ʽһͳŷ֮һодͨߣ޽ҲԷڲݴƽ
ɽżҵĹŮдУ￪ȥȴδΣӡڴ󱯸Ǳ޵飬֪ˡ󱯸֪ˣҲضɮҲֻ֪λڱУȷʵݡ
ϣòʵѿô˵Ҳ֮ˣֻǱƷĵŮЩ˵ķϡƹŷǱж꣬Ҳ˺ܴ仯Ȼ˼ֵ⣬ȴЩŮ˵ķ顣
ʮ뿪ɽ޸ӦҲʮһꡣƷڵ࣬һȥһŮӣòݣģϳʣȴƱʵ仹Ҫ˼ꡣ
Ů绨ˣ˰¶Ȼսڷ𾭵֮Уվ˼ʻ
ڴ󱯸Ǳޣƽţճ󱯸ϵȴࡣϵ˶ᳵӣܶѰ˸עⲻְ˾ĸɮ֪ݲףȴҲ֪ǵ׼ȷݡ
У˾յһЩȨ˵ǲ֮Ǿǲ֮Ӧ֮£ǴϮءȻƵһ
ϧЩʵûС߻ʵԶӦߣǵĿȻҲ͸Ϊǿ󣬱ɽϣϸӹѴ֮߰ãֱǡͬݡˡ
ӡ²۵УȻһֻ֪ӡԹԵɽһļο˾оζ
ζصˣ֮󣬾ũæʱڣϢȻҪľҪٳ˳˳ԭҲҵȷ֮£ɡ
Ҫ޵ĲǺ¥ǡ³ǡǡֿ⡢Ӫ⡢ҩ⡢УӡʯҪӹ̣ͩءءءءɷءɻصȾŵضҪޣǡǰˮɽϵĺ͡צȫҪ֯
ϵüصˣҲׯദʮദʮദ̶ʮദ֯һȫһ˰Թص಻šɴȻ˵ղ˾˿⡭ǴҴǧĻҵ˵˾ͻ˵𣿡
޳жˣ˾ܾӣѱȥ˾ݣûȫҲǻֲ֮̿Լְֻ֮û˻·ҲԪ
ݳƷ塰һĹϷ˵ı常ʱաֶŮ޸Ӧɽ˲ݣΪһĹɽͳǵصкŵ
ʱҲڳϷ߷ȻƷ˵ֵʩ֮٣ΪƷǺ¡ţǲӡˣС·ϣΪ
ζǰˣȻǼõġƷϣʩǧҵɲӲˡ
ĵǣƷ֣Ϊʲôˣֻб飬һͲǧǻ
Ϸ˹ž޲ıڲһ£˵֣ҲʶһֿµĿܡһӡˣƷţҲˣڼصӡˡ
ԲмƷ裬ΪӦ䣬Զӡ˵ٹְȨǱޣϾǰԼҵһӣɷв֮ģصش˺޷̵ġ
Ϸ˳˿ˣںô
ζϲüңһ֪ӡǶŭˣƷţΪϷ˲ԸҪóӡ˵ݣȵѹסǸӡ
һƷһһɵҲҪùʱһʲôҲò˼ɡζϵڣȻڣںͣƷﵱȻҲڣ٣ǸŮˣŹκһȡĻء
ϳ˿Ըȥ׼һ£ټ˾ո·٣պ汾˻غͣԻļ澣ҪڼҷŻ


32 Ϸ
Ʒɲ֪ѱλӡ˾ٵѾɽڵطغͣҪϼˡ糾ͣһ·Ѿϵͭʡ
ͭʣǹۡסڹȹ׵ıܣβԣȥԶǷ֮زŶԡߣ㲻ߡ
ǹۣǹͭʣǵˡҡӰĵ£ǽͷϵĽ𹿣ŵǸϵǸǸˣһ취ûС
Ʒ뿪ˣǸҶС˵ҶСҲˣ˴˿ֿʼƵƵŴլƻЩϣ֮ͽ״Ǯ
һӦҵ硢µĹЮ£ȳ˰ĳ˿һԲ顢һƳγεĽӡ׻ӣš
ʱļ׼ҵƷٶȳǹۡડһеһҵ˽ϣ롢бĳᣬãֵͷˡ
ž޷徲ΪľңǹľңΪƷƵƵͱٳרžӴ뿪Ҳֻҷգռá
˿̣ٶ˵ƹ⣬
ԭľľŴΪƿⴰڳ輫򵥣һһ޲þ˼Ӻš󣬶ϴƿ辰£ңǡôӳĳʡ
ǽһīġ徲Ϊһѩ׵ǽϣֻһ٣һͰʽ̣ϱһСеɫͭ¯̣뵡
Ӳľ齵Ӳе졢ѩ˶ϱߣУʱһ컡ĵŮζΪˡ
ؾѩһֻӨޱⰻȻıӺ˫ɷķϣī˿һ˿ңĵˣ鶯ģ·ʮˣʵڽ񲻳Ѽʮء
ˣˣ⴫һƷĴǲǳǳЦ⣺룡
һֻƿȴվڲףӡŻģһòݣԾִٵˡ
ǺǣҶ˾ڸ̨ǰ٩٩̸治ɫ˱ˣôηη
ոսʩӢ¶һ˿εĿЦƷĵ٩ֻεص֪ʵҡ
ƷüһʲôҶС죡ûκݣҪԼԼȷԼݣб㣿
ҶСĬƬ̣һ³ɫ
ƷһЦǳǳһЦϱԳǳǳ˾ѣһЦӯӯġҶС쿴˵ɵһæͷٿ

ʱɽϡµգˮɫˮʯϣˮ棬ԡӰһ˵ͣҹ
һ׷ߣȵŵͣЦһ˵Ҷڴ˼סĿɻϰô
ұߣģҶСһģһȻֳҶСҶСлڶүСסĺϰߡ
׷ڼҶүۣѲ£ԴֶŮڬBȡͭϣϼͭʵһ˾ĵλ۸һЩҲ˳ȥÿֻɽ֣ңڡ
ҶСҶС滻ұڶүӴϣޤɽϣҵס˼ˡЦʲôҪֻܿڣЩ£Ϸġ
лүҶС˶٣С룬ȥׯס£ѧѧׯ֪үô
һȻûʲô⡣Ҷǡ
ҶСЦЦ͸¶ָӳصʣСһһ¿ɳɣججľͻꡣָţмʮˡǺǣСסô
ͣŤͷҶС΢ЦɣϷסׯȥһѧôŪׯڣôũׯ

ǹ۾ڣƷҶСִһǳЦ֪ĻΪһ£һüתһǳЦޱȵǢ
ƷȻǼ˵ģǶ˼ƾòܳΪӦȾȱ޸˵۵ĳ谮֮£ҶСĽžִٽʧˣźۼش£δƣȴҲ⣬ƺȻԼɴȨյһˡ
ӭȻģƷŮӷΣӭ˻ʵࡣӦǰСӦ֮¶޹޹οҶСɫ
ǣƷеҶС죬еҶСˮһ¡һЦ̷£Щˡ
ƷѵʹӴȡһҳֽƵҶСǰ˾ˣϵˣϣܴһ£ˣĵλҲˡʱң㡣
˵ǰҹ£ҶСƷ仰г֮ɫȴǶʱһ塣ҶСùǷݵϸϸһȻһ
ڼҺȻУǣǷϻйƽ̵ˣƽִһĺüˣҶС֪ѹƽ̴ɽܵջĻ͸࣬뵱ɽУ֡ǰ˶ΪȨɥĲ񣬺οɽĻ硣
֪ɽȻ˻ᾭܲסջ󣬿ۿʱĿġƽ˱ɽӵмӰټóԼƲ֣ɲļˡѡйƣЩ޲°¶֡ҶС첻
˵ǣûгһûУΪһѾ޿ҪٿΣϲûгҶС첻ȷ
ҶСԽԽѿɫƷϸ޳ָṴסҶС°̧ͣͷˣõģվ㱳ǷǳǿֻҪհ죬ԶҶС죬ӵҶСһУһУң˭Ҳ޷ӵУ˵ǲǣ
ҶС͸ſܣ˵ǻ̿֡Ʒ͵һЦ̽ǺཱུԸзĴ꼸ҪҶСˣصһľһ͸úңŲһ⣬˵ô
һˮӨ󡢹⻬۵ǰһԲƫӽߣһԸе촽һһϣҶСӶסˣսͣȴǽ١
ƷҶС˿̵ı仯Լӵǿĸе⣬˾Ͷ͸һԸʾһ㣬ǸͦһͦʵøͻˣԹҵĻ³֮ٲĺô
ҶС򡭡˵
Ʒȸ΢£һ촽ӵջˣһУҪһУȫӵУ⡭ֵֵΪ֮һУ
֪Լ΢촽ĶȻ͹ˡҶСĵɫѬĵҶСӺзһͳ˻𣬺ȻԾ𣬺ݺݵذ˵ʽϣûͷûؿ
£Ǽ˷ۡ˻ƷﱻҶС쾪ˣ˵󣬾Ȼȵصɴ۾һʱӦҶСţһ˫ֲŸԲʵţﺬؽţҪ㣬ҾҪ㣡ң
ҶСץץı壬³ĶƷЩʹĸоüոһҶС˳ƽ̹Сȥ
ƷһæһӣҶСĴʧץĴϣƷգһϥһ̧ݺһײҶСƺһŶˤһߡ
˵
Ʒ߷߽ӣȥϳһָһˮֱصҶСıǼϡҶСһʱֱǰηнӣڵص㡭㲻ǴӦӦҵô
ƷüＸʱӦ
Ʒ޵ҧʣʲôݣΪҪԼΪ꣬ҷϴɡʱҶС˶Ȼᱡ类⽴ҶСȴĺܣʵǲɱ
Ʒﳤ˿ջسЦЦҶ˾ѽûӣɫѽȴǱ˭ŮˣҲҶԽ
ҶСʧˣ״εصǣҡǣողǷˣΪ
ƷǸͷһģɫصˣ£Ҿ͵ûзȥɣ
ŶŶǣ
ҶСŻתߣƷصǷ
ŶŶǣ
ҶСæǷãƷҷԸú¡Ļ㲻ԶڵĵλһҵС㣬ǱһҪء
ŶŶǣҶСƺе䵭ģˣֻܺҴӦš
Ʒ￴񣬰һ֣ۿ£Ȼˣԡ
Ʒ޲ϲ׹еطһˮ裬ϴбĵطֻŮ˶ƤʱŵĻ˵Ǹɱƫƫɱ˺òա


33 ռ
ҶС뿪ң澺ţһߡҶСǹۺ۵ĽŶȥϳӣҶСαһһĨЦڴǡ
ָ΢ͦоָǿλ˲ֻģֻʮˣؾҲͦʵͬŮ޳Ĵȣָкõĺܡ
ǣõĲ谮ӣռıˣֳɾ͸Уٺ١ҶС첻ǾӣǣӦƷƣˡ
ҶС۾ζƵָ̽뻳ȡǷоŵƹϸϸֿһ飬´뻳У˫ĿһֱԾԺ
ʵϣЩϤûǻʽѸ׳ʵȻȻĸ֮һʱͬЩһһ򽻵
һ죬ΪߣǰߣڹƽгЩִ¼ʶ
֮Ϊ˾챼⣬ͭʡʯصĴ򽻵ɡಿҲûʱȥͨûջ󡢲߷Ҳһ
ɡҪŬⲿͻϣֻһԸҪֹ̻ͣͣţͬҪⲿصӰ죬ȫһԸ
ڣͣ½ŲҶܲӦӦҲӦͣҪһǿѹ˫ѹĻ빮̻ͲóֶΡ
ѪѹϴֶΣõѡ񡣵ǸϴģһⶼִɱɱУɱ˿ʮķߡߣʵɱаһǧĲΪ
ҶСȻжԷṩеķʸҶС۾ϸϸ˼Щ˵ĵϸӦԴʩֱڶɽҶϱǰͣ£Żعٲ³
ҶСΪ˾ǨȥţԭͭʳǶɽðլԺҿ˵ңңͭʳǣһСĿܶټһլԱҶСڬBϣլֻʮū澿ܡ
լΧ˴׾լӻڣ˵ҶС첻ͭˣҶСܸеؾɳϵı֮󣬻ǰɻͭʡ
ţɽȻѾɽɾɽɽԶͭʾͳ߳ɽһڣ˴ϵ׾죬бӵŽϸߵӰͳ˹ƽ̷һ˫۾һ˫䡢һ˫֣һȣ԰ɽϢʱ̵شȥ
ʱ˼ҵ˲Ǿ̵ġġũġﵱģغſڣҶСһ³ڵأͶشǼ˾үʱҪе
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ϸؿ˿ǰģҲڼеλߡȨģȻ췴ȺõķڼҺֵܣǹȻԲݡ
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ĲϰϣĿͶҶС죬ҶСеһöӶɸǸ߸ϡţıһְ񣬿ɱȱŶĸǰ;
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ҶСף취֧Ĳ֧ıһֲŻи෽㣬ȻǷһ˫۾˴ʱֻͨ޵İʾͨϢδ಻㡣
조ΡáЩˣȻжӦġжҶС첻ıϣƷﲢ֪˿ѾҶС죬ûҪҴš
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ҶС쳤˿΢˫ĿȻ룺¾㱸ֻӦˡôߴҶ̨Ӧ򡭡ҴεЩڼ顯ֻվ˽ŸҪŪٳˣ

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ƷıߣĸԸشƷˡˣֻǱǿˡӢᣬЩ޷ƷŮԣҶСоһԵҷϣռ˱ˣֻܽƷöġ
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34 ӡ
ͭʵٶ··϶ɽ·ˮ·ɽ·Уȵƽ·ĻһҲֻʮˮ·˳µĻһİȴѰ
ͭߣҪʯ䣬ʯ丮ˮݺᣬкܶطԲдңȻй߶ͣӶǴԵġ
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Ʒҹ̵ظͣǵĵ˺ͺȴûмɽת˺ǰˮһɽϵĺͣһפء
Ʒһ·Ӷɢ˼ܣ춼δԡ˯߲ϵĳϵģʱ˺ͣ˸׼ԡ
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Ӧӡ˿ĵȰ˵죬ʱװװӣΪͣɴԹæΪɱܶˣԶһ֪顣
һۼκѩ׵ɴѱѪȾ죬ȻΨֹӡˣһţϳȥ


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ס֣ӦҴҸϵɽţȡ
˾ˣ˷׷ӦʩſȥˣҪΪӡ
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ҶСʶ̽뻳סҪӦȻҪˣҲͲٹȥˣʯãѣһɱ


36 ޷
ҶСڴ֮󣬱ͶֹͣšеĲԣƵⲿǲԱռ֮ؽҲ˳ˡ
ӦҶСŸ·ͷĿȻ˱ˣҶСţϵĵλӰ֤Թ᳹ʵʩ
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꣬Ҫ£ģֻҪϳ棬һ㡣ۻٸ˵ţٸ괹Ҳ£ʵǡĵƣ˳ҡ
۵ɵôҲӲһٵģ棬һҪʱߵ˭ҲҲΪ˾㣬ų²ߣ
ǡ
˺ˣҪˡҲСˣѵ޸ңӣǵĴûᰡ߰ɣڵţɽ
һ˵һ꣬ţư͵ر˺͡


37 ķ
ϣƹѲ˹ζ
Ӧ߾ۿȺۼüã뵽ⶼԼսĺʶµĸ־ĵ̣Ȼʲô˼ɣӦںȾƣⱼţ߳ɾ⣬ɺ졣
ʱ۳Ŷ굽ǰнţŵʯףĿһϹƼЦ棬⵨ӣۣӵصۣ¡
ôˣܻͷôܷһڽա꣬Ҫ£Ϊңȥɡ
һƣٶ˵ƽڣӴŮոȻ£ƮȻǡð¶ڵС߾һ
ӦʶŮģ˵ӡ澣ӡò룬ǷޣȴûжٽӴż߰ԣҲöһۣȻϵá
ӶΣҲ֪һ澣˵ôôԳҿɫ㷲Ӧ΢΢һֱӣʲô£
񣬶ҲûѡˣһӦʣһţ̡߲һȥߵͷ˾үˡظ˽ͨū澻֣̿Ҳ桭
ϵʱһƬžһϣҲüصȾƵġƵġġٱģһˡȫĿɿڴض
ҶС쾪ȵؿɫŵŮٿһãȻƺûŮݵӦȻеĪ飺˭˵ʲôˣҵյϷƷ±˰ɣ
Ӧȷʵû˵ʲôƺȶˣô㣬һЩӦȽЩţԻδ׹ЩãȻؿһ۶꣬תƷƷ˵ô
Ʒ࣬صһļȵ˵˭ظ˽ͨ˵ף
ͷһ̵ֻ̧ͷһۣȴδ۵ӰֻðһᣬˣǴ󡭡ˣӡ˽ܻͨڣ輰˾Ӳʶ
һزƷ˵ӦҲˡӦһߣô̵裿ӽ޷ܵǣ¶ǵ˵ģϵͳͳĲ涼ˡ
ӦһվһԵƷＱæվ𣬷סϢŭ¡

ӦһƿƷҡҡλߵǰ˫ͨ죬һӢ΢΢ŤţԵЩһѾס죬˵ô£
Ҳûлͷ·ˣֻӲͷƤ˾үˡмüĿС̺ǰǰҲֻѰūͣδ롣
շ˾ƣһСޣɱӿӲ֪Ҳ֪¸ôˡǷ˵ѾһΨĸ֮ǴӣɼĸҲ˾үŮˣʵڻ֣̿˼ȥֻáֻ
ӦɫѾˣŶ꣬ȵҺܸĸĸ˿̲סצôƤӵ£˲֪֮߳£
սսصΡδڲצ͡ҲΪסצϣȴū澽㣬ŵÿأ򡭡ū澻벻ǼС˾й֮¡
ӦֻûȵǼ澴˿
ŵصū澷ַ˲Ϊ־֮£ɽˡ˿̣˿̷Сˣڡڡ

Ӧ֮һɱ֮Ҫ˺һ͵ذѶ糵һһգȣݺһȭؿڡ
ꡰۡһҺһѪһӱɳȥݺײڴϣײ÷顣Ǵ֮ͱǧ𣬶ײ鴰ӷɳһĲҽУӾ͵Ԩ
һ飬룬е˶һһݣſԵط
Ӧ͵سġ·һͷްݵشϢţͷӭ·ħӦѪ˫ԶצͷһۣȻ˳ȥ
˾Ʒｿһǿͷϲ첽׷ȥ
֪Ǻˡӡ͵ˣһ׮£ЩȻӦ׷棬¶ܸȥ
ӦĶܺõܣȴؼɻ࣬׷ȥɶȴɵۣһǶһƷϲǵĸףȴƴ£ò룿
ԶҿΪǰ̯䲻ʰȴҲӲͷƤʰȣҶ˾Ϊ°סЪϢɣͷܻ飡
Զһ£ҶСһ뿪ֻʣԼˣֿЦһλˣʹɢ˰ɡ£ˡ
˳棬ʵΣҲö˵ʲô׷ɢȥֻдصڲȺ
⣬˵ӡ൱࣬൱ڸ׸ࡣԶӦһæȥˣԸ˲裬ָϻ󣬷Ը˳ȥϯ޲
ҶСһİһԺ䣬ܰš˷žͼ۾߷壬߳ԺžͼԨվ棬Ѱͬ
ҶСδȻֻӵȼڼ飬ţȴΪûҪͬ˿ҶСڴѹˣ̧ˣûɴ˳á
ҶСȴǽͷŵùʵţ롣ŵȨĲ£ţ룬һ⣬˳ʰ棬ǲôЩ˳õġ
ԣ˿վ£ҶСҵģֻʣӡĲˡҶС츺ֶԶɽӡ˽ͨõˡ̫Ҳ˼ЩΪô
صģôݱз츲֮仯
˹עĵȫһ߶ϡҶСʲôˣɴҶСٰİˣ˵оȤֻڰԡ棬ںǲĴñӡ
¾ͽȻͬˣһʱ뵽ģȴӡһ£ԲȨҪشӰ졣
ԭΪʺ󲻵øĳ׺ҲȨشӰ죬οǹݵΣֵطġһˡǿֱӸģǡࡱ
˵ϷһӦ谮ϷҲԼתͶƷģҪǶԲȨĺͲӰ󣬶Χ˵ӰС
һϷܵǶȨӰͲɹˣϷ˵׽ϵܵżѹӦ˲ȥ£ΪҪɲֵҲȥ
ҶСȻе䡣˽ѣת߽˷š
͸ߴԨһ࣬۱һʯò˻𣬿ֽǮϾͱ˰գ˺÷飬Ƭ̣̾ϢһڷľٶȻȥ
磬ӵˡ


38 粨
ͣɽ²ɽѩԲݵ˾˵˿̵Ҳǡɽɽµľ𣬱졣
ӡȥѾˣһЩϢŽй¶Ϊӡ˱ɱɧþòݡ
̷ɣϵһ˷һ˷áⲻ͵סˡ
ѵõûз磬տͬƽĺ档ԺһůĸоԺϣмһټϱ߰Ųˮɹ
̷ɵ˵ôὣצͣӡ˺ߵȫɱˡ
̣ȶˣʷǷԩ
ߣ
̷ɵ۾˸ǵĹâһµĿǶѵѽᲦӣжϢ䣬۾վӵĺǺصİ
̷ָߵټѵѼ䣬ŵϷ˳ﰡ
ɽ
Ҷ˶͵Ĵ˷Ǯ֧Ϊʲô֪ɣʲô㣬װɣ
ҪٲףҲ˰׳գ
Ǿˣ˵гһ죬ʶ£ɽϻ᲻Ӧ
ôܣǿṇ̀ҵڳ͢أӦǣָܰ͢ඡ˵ɽżҺɽ׼һǶǲܻʳα仯Ҫӹٽеģǵöſ췴һҲʧȥڸǴµĳȻݣɽżôΪһŮһУ
ˣ
̷ɺЦһۣ㲦Ƿˣӡ˵ļȴǶϺȣӡˣҪãοӡ˱࿴ᣬŪӡ泯ͨ͢籨Ŷʲôģԩԩ˳Ľڣһãд£ȳţ
Ȼ򣺡ԭˣ̷֣
Ǻǡ̷룬״Ц

Ӧţ·ҶСȥ˿ᣬδ׼צѪ࣬ºҵԶԶ֣˵ζʱյ˶ˣ
Զѵ׽ӡ˵һɣӵӣĽ´š
üʱǰˣǳʲô鷳ɣ
Զɲ˵Ѿ´С·ҲӲȥ
ҡͷ·ֻΪߣų·ʱ򣬸ɽ֡һƽʱߡߵĵطܱ·ڣҲܰݶΧˣӣδӲȥ
Զ̾˿ͲǸòĵӡҲǵģҪǼįͣŮѾǼٷһЩһο͵鲻ˣôˣŮ˰

ӸϽסͣҿŵص㲻Ҫˣôɶ˵ӡ˸Ҳֲҵ٩ͷϣȥ֪²һ㡣
Զһۣ֣ͷصʲôҼң²ҵļ˾ҵļūң㲻λһ³֮ūҲʲôͷ֮ա
̾˿Զɽӣԣʱӳݣزͼıδ£ҲᷢЩ˿ʱ볯͢
Զܵصȣǽɾʹ£ҲܳΪһ⽮ɣʱҿɲأҪȥ㣬ǵȸڣ
ӵ˫Ҳųٺ٣ҵҰĵûô󣬵ʱֻҪҶСĵͭʯ͸ңҾˣ
Ϣ
ԶмƲƲ죺ռ㣬ռ㣬ʱʵĳӣͬݣǲŽ־򣡡

ΣƷﻺ£ʻĴͣˡ
õӳƷϣǽ̵Ҷ޵ĵֳηУ·һ㡣欶˵ӣǻµˮˡ
Ʒﱻбյ͸Ͼɫһ˶˭õ˼ǰĶ񶾡صӡ֮Ƿ֮ưɣ
ƷȻһЦɱȻüƣɱôܱ˵Ʒ͵ˣһʸףὣɱ
ôȷŶ룬ۼķС˳ͬһ齣ӵߣһģǴ̴һ𣬶Ȼѷʸף
ƷЩգһ˫Ŀ΢΢صһۣòϴ򱧲ƽأ
̾Ϣֻпˡ
ƷȻһЦ̧ۿӵԶɽͣȻżҳ⣬ٳûЩ˾ͷˣܿ͸жˡһ³ɣϵļƻͳɹˣ
ƷȻתʱΪ踺صĴ󹦳ͿԻָʵݣ˼ǰϺ϶Ϊһؽϻҵ
Ʒתſ˫ۣ·µŮʣʱҾǻʺµĵһҼһΪԮҹ̺λ׳ϣ֣԰̧ٵһȴδ󼰵ĸ߶ȣ
΢Цſµ̬ĬĬظһ䣺Ӧɴ£㡣Ӧҡ֮Σ϶Ҫģ

ϣΪӡ֮ɧһûƽϢ֮ڣҶСҲӱƵķȥŶȣ˫ϣ̾һſǶƵûɡ
齱ߣһϮۣͺӥǡɭɭӣȴ쳣ĴȺͣˣкηհ
ҶС쾪ȵصɴ۾ף㿴õ
ЦԷǣˣϷǲãҲôһǰȥĶţοѾ̾ʮˣϷĶûȻü
ҶС˷Ϻ͵ΨһһȨľĸ̫⣬ţ룬һ£ҲﲻʲôæԱҶС
ҶС̾¶ҡ
ҶСȻûˣ
뻳Ƭ̹򣬾мֻС׳ɿȥϵ˷ģϷ֪ġ
ҶСԶϵͨǺܷĵģ̾һҡڵģ᲻ְ˵ҶС鲻Խҹ컵һĻһ
ҹԡѱϣҪʱϸдΤΤºȻЦеسˡ󣬻ʮλʽ࣬ݵŮഺٰòӡ
ΤЦøƵģҶСֻ˵һ仰ˣĸĸޣǶϲҲǿԵġٺٺ٣Ȼ׾ѧϰ˵ֶΣɻǴรٺٺ١
ҶСڰҶСţҶСĵʱϵؾܾɻй¶ݡˣֲ˵һ׼⼸첻㡭
ǣҶСΨһľǣۻҵѡһȻߴصһλ֮¾ûʲô˵ˣĵ齣£ԣޡ
ж˿£Ů׻֮֮֬Ȼҡȷ£һӱ㴥һ鴤ˮĻǶ䣬޵Ľɬ
˾Ǹ˾Ͳ̰ǺҶ󽫾ǹһҹ֮꣬ȥȴҸӦҪĵİһʣӸǺã
СͷƣˣͷͻָҶүˡ
Ǻǡ
ҶСĿճߣ΢΢һЦ㵣ģβ˵Ϸ֪Ϸһйҽа취ŮӲС
ҶСǲ֪һϦ֮ԵҲϧüҲãһŮӵǺεȲ֮¡
ϵȻʱģǺǣϷ˵ôƳܼһͬյĹǼٵģϷҲûǳ֮
ҶСϲһſϣĵؿŶϣ棿ϣҵĴǰô˵ǲ᲻Сõģ
һҹûôɾãϷô֪
ҶСҲһ԰ող˵
ϵ԰Ϸո˵ǣϷ϶ֽŵĻ
ҶСصǡô죿
۾ɭɭؿҶСһۣҪ˽ŮһأʱϷûЩֽš
ҶСߴģͦ˼Ҫش𣬶ϺȻˣ
Ų죬һȻ߽һӣˣǲܻţˡҶСԣæ˰̬˵
ҶСɹſţãȻصΪʲô
ӵ˾һ鷳Ҫ棬ǰɶ֤
ҶСԾҪ֤ʱǰɶ
ӵ֤¶ǻͷ׿˵֪ɡʱ䣬ȻԽԽá
ҶСɫһԽԽãвУ
ֵؿΪʲôҪ죿⻹ûʱأҲٰ
ҶСһ۶ĵӽҪºʲôģΪһ𣿡


39 ɱ֮
Ӳݵɶյʱĵ·㣬ԼһǧԶҵʱ·˷ˡѣ족ĸ̾һ·ɽˮģٶȿ֪
ҶСһ£ȥɶԼһ£ҲҪһ£ټڳɶ̻ӣĴ㣬Ҫʱ䡣ΪˣҶС찵һţ̡
ɶܲȥΪϣΨһˣֻʸ񵽳ɶȥĴܶǰΪӦ֤ӦɱӣΪӸñӣ޹𢡢޹ؽɽţ
Ӧɱţھ͢ô̫ɵġǣ˷䣬˵ӦɱޣΪӲԳ͢Ĳ֮ģȰɣӦɱڡ
ģʱաζζͬʱ˼λˡˣצ;Уͽӵĸʮ鱨ӡ˱ɱ˾Ա
ζʱյ˺ûɢȻӦɱӡ˵ǲظ˽ͨ˭֪뷨ʲôһų켺ΪǽΪӦ⡣
ô죿£ѵԴУͣӦῳǵԴģ˾Ҳû˷Ļᡣǣһ̶ӵĴ
һĴؾϷ䣬͢ӦҪıǰӦδԣҲֻǲ²⣬ǱƵݶϣҲƾݵ淢һʱ˲ˡ
ӦһֱĴУ˵Ĵ٣ҲֻǰһЩҪְλԼˣû취ϴĴٳģԺζ˷ϢӦܿͻϤˡ
ӦѶһԸ·ֹͣ漴˾ͷˣˮԴ֮ǰǲľٶͬʱҲ͢ʩѹ̫ƽҪ̫
Ӧı׼֡ΪǿĵǶģ췴ܹɹģŽҲһ馣ӦȻȴҲûԼִ
ǵѣϣ׼ֺŶ֡ԣΪԻ͢ȡʱ䣬ӦҲںԼñӵˡ
ҶСǰɶĴܶ֤֤ӦɱޣʵΪӲظ£׽׽˫Ϊӡ˷췴ľٶɲűɱ
£ҶСðԼҶСҲɾܾԣֻӲͷƤ̤

˽µʱ䣬ǰŤͷҶС죬ڳϣһ˼ģЦ˾˼Īǻλ
ӶҶС̬Ⱥ࣬ǰֻҪԱûţˣӶҶСһʢ˵ģ
ҶСѾݹͷԼˣټ࣬ĵλܿҲ֮ϣӶҶС̬ȱ㽥Կ֮
ҶСĥӦľٶӦѾĻһ͵컻աĿǽֿ֮ţ룬ΪӦһ֧Ȼ򷢵ɶȥȻһʱλûҵĴ㡣
ɺζ˸䣬͢᲻֣͢ôʱָ²ʧţ밲ٺá͢һ֣ӦҲԴУƱ췴ʱӦҲδţԪˣƱǱţǿжȨɾͱ޳Īˡ
ҶС磬뵽ǰԶ죬ܽ죬츮ڴеҪλԿɴϸϢǵĿĵǳɶ죬ʵ˷հ
ӴȤĻ˺أȴҲ˵ʲô˳Ļλˣ˭ģֻҵʱ棬͡
ӲΪȻŮˣǵ˵ģȻӭɣ˾ǳ⡣żѰ곡ϷҲ;¿ˣҪߣӹ֬׷ۣδؿˡ
ĳͻȻ٣ҶС첢ǡⷬԴ𣬽ӿЦƣٲ봨ɼ츮֮ʵ֮磬šĪֲ˼ͺãǵһô
Ц䣬һࣺˣѧոյϢѲҶ֪ܵζ˷󣬾Ҳûѣ赯˾к¸С֣ѲЧ˾ʮ
ҶСɫʱһ䣬ãȻһϺֻ֮̿ɫͣͣ
ü˴иɽȣЪϢ֮أͣ
ҶС̻ȻкζȲݲ䣬йҶѲѲ˾ʮ⡭ҵȥ˳ɶҲôô硭ʹ˹ȥ
ҶС磬ǱҪʮ֡ҶСֵܣԴƢҲʮ˽⣬ں٣ǿ꼶ҶСѧֹΩΩФˡ
ùģɫʱһ䣬Ա߻ҶСǳĻӲ˻ȥֻǳ˲ע⣬صҶСһۡ
ɣ˾ȻֻϢδٻشˣɼ˾Ȼϣڴ㣬ϣ֤ͨʣ͢ǡߣҶЧȻ˾ʮȴһıɼֻǳû٣ǳԳ͢⣬Ļ͢δؾгǴȥɶлġ
ⷬ˵ҶСģ˵ġҶСŰɵص⡭˾ıȴȥɶΪ˾֤˱͢Ϊ˾ͬҵͷɣ
Ҳ̲ס˹˰ɣգʷµΨһˣ֤͢ʣѵҪ˾Ͻ˵֤ʣ
˾ҪţҲŷôûаɣȻûУ͢ѴΣΪ˾ͬϯơ٣˾ͬϯȹƵ˶ȥˣ͢˼ͲЩ뷴ҲͶ˾
ҶСĵµľӦǽɱңŭ٣ЧÿɲȰţС
ҶСһֵ̿ؿȻ˵װļ⡰͵컻աġĿ顱һֵݣҲҪǰ˱ҶС
һ룬һЦҲеҵȼȻиӦɶһеġʱҴҷأֻŪɳ׾͢Դġ
˵ٵص˲ѧҲԴ˲˹Ϊ˾򻹿һǣأ
ӺĲ⻰ʱɫһ䣬ǱʶǰԼҶСһϵƣҶСʲô⣬һǡ
ӷŻһԽԽǰһƬӣ·խݲУĳ˺棬ǰϵضҵȻ˾ȥɶΪϴѩԩ̬˱仯ҵȻȻ֪äϹֻҼҴˡ㿴˴첻ԶҵȥЪһ½ΣΣ
͵仰أڣаһЦҪ״Ӧǰȵʲôˣվססǣ


40 
ҶСױɽʱʿ֮һɽ񶮵üϣɽ֮þս󣬸Ӿ߱˼ģһžѶӦ䣬һǰöܼìֹһЩ˳ȥסϪϴҶС죬򳵼ݡ
ҶСĳǾƵģɷҶС챻ΰʿְ˽ӣҺǰ壬ֻһӿףԳΪģѸγһηȦ
ͬʱͶϵĳҲҶС쳵ңҲУǰʿѾìʿԾ֡Ӳǵֱӳ嵽ҶСǰԾֵ˵Ȼ׼óĴҰս
ҶС쳵ݵĿӿǳͣǰҷһУӿϷһ壬ֲֻԣһɣͻ¡
ֵ̳վǹ󣬺ȻǰˣɣΣţǰƥǰһƥǰһ꣬侢װ湭彣ͷббͷɢһ縣ڿУǱ
ͬװ׳⺷ǶɫװȻǰ¹ӵĻгֵһԵӲĴɣһƵƵͷɫš
⸱ӣͻĴ̿ͣǺ׷ֻӴܡȻж߷ǵУȴҲǳײ˴ݣϵǰָȵֹ
Ǽ۵ĹӿǰԴʱʧɫã˴Ȼз
·֣йľ䣬ûȥģǰìλεǶӲײȥ͵ñǺ«۹Ӽսìǰ߲ſͣסǰ۹Ӿһ亹
̼Ѿִֹһ
۹Ӽ׷ǰж½أӰ´¡֪ҲѲãǰϺݺһ壬ʾֿ쳤̾Ҳս֮
Ϊǳս֮ҶС߷ǵУѾ˳ӭӺĲ˽ǡ۹仰
ȻΪҶСÿ˵·зĳìԴǰ۹춯ʱͱ͸˼ǰ۹ӻм䣬ȵ˭Ҷ֣ʯҾưոݣ
ҶСһλ
۹һ°ͣȻ֪ʣţɣʲôʹҰһüͷͲú
û˵ǰ⡭˭ǲе̫ˣһӦϵǰƵģ˭֪˭
ҶСЦãֻ˵ӣزʶ
۹°ͣ۽ⲻм뱾ȻزʶӢˣʲôèϵõôһ˵ĺպˡ
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ҶСЦϵܣΪȷ·˵أոڴЪϢǡϵΪΪֲᣬʲô˵ķ˵ĸϻʲôˣϵܵݣ˭
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ǧΣѰҳ·Ҷ֪ĸϻġ
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ҶС͡⺷һָƾľһ٣ҵţʿ
˵䣬Զɱˣ˳£ִ׸˶ǹͣһկաҶСȻһŮգ͵վһԣΪֵָҷ𣡡


41 Ůк
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һʯȴƽ̹ԲСǡ֧һ񣬲СֿɺĲԭʸ֧ĺʴС
麹Сʯϣվ߰˸ˣǵվλֻ죬ӵңվǰֵ£ֶϵΨһͨһ򵱹أĪ
λ켶Զ󣬷ֵ˸岻ʱ׳Ӹ£ָ㽭ɽ
һλ국صҶֲصģСܱϢźܿͻᱻ岿֪ǻԮǵġ
λΪƨİǧˣΪҶֵģȻţ˾ҶС졣
ҶСֱ񻹲ԼôܵģһֱɽЩɽһͿ˵޵ְɣҲǷǭжˡ
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ǹܹ֣ǰǹ⣬У֮йܷƽ˹Сȣò׳ֵ嵽ǰĹǹ޷ˣǹ˶һǹںһĴ˹
ǸǹȻԵͷʹǻģԳǹȻʲûжôͨ񣬵ܵķ֮ǳᣬҹҹȥҵòֺʼղ
ˣҶСıҲƾУϾҶСıҲǳصģҲҰʮսǣЩũ񻹶úȺͺϳһĬϵս󣬶СսǡҶСĲǷȱľ顣
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ҶСɽȥץţŤͷһףһֻƯĸϻ󣬲֪ʱѾ߰˸ˣұڱϣڲϵЩֻһŮˣҶСһע⵽ľ
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ҶС쿴ʮ߰Сٿȵǧˣɥĸϻ
ŮһѶ̽˫ָͤͤһһװһ磬Сֻһ֮ϸƤ͸ģ崿иء
ؿҶСһۣЦЦؿǧһۣʲôǲһ
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ҶСһǹ̵ֱģǿԷƽڵͰϮ̵ģⲻնʹãǹβڵ˹ʱȻãòֹΪӦ˵ػƵģȴ֪ǳԺ֣֮ǽ֮ҵδػܵô졭

ΪһسǣԲʮĳǽҳǳطǣڳשǣʯǣɣŴסʯҡͩͰƵĻҽ죬δ̫ЩɷسǾĽ
ΪǴŻ롢ؽԴں¤Ҵ￵أ츮ԿӺǱҪء
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ʿеĳǹǹз溮һа룬ǹ˶жѴϸѪһʺǹӧӭŷ磬ͻͻ
سķ֮ɱȴԵƽ࣬СˮⰻȻһ峺ĺ˹ųǵĶ˴ȥйдֺתϳ˹ųǣغΪ¥ǳд⡣
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ʱðռ򣬳䡢ȪӪȳǣΩƽ²سǳδ¡Ѿת»һķ𶯡
ΪðݱĴֻҷ¶ӦͼıִٸɷسǣַԴʱѲڳɶˡ
ѲǰҪıδټڽðݱĴĿܣԼһðݱĴܲȡķʽͽ·ߣβһо߽߸Ｘ䡣
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42 
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չ˵΢΢һ죬һ˵ԼĻ£ЩɬģǸˬչ촽żϢСŮΪȸɶһУ뵽˳ɶ֪ܶɷ
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ҶСϾһ٣̫ٵһ׹ԼݵλҳڵطΪ٣࣬ӵҲ׽ЩûʵĴʵ˵ǳޡ
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չЩ˵Ŀǵҵĳ׳̫ĳЩˣһ·ߵ̫죬֪ѵ˳ɶȥϺã

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ΪˣڵǼصģˣ˵ص˴඼磬źĻԭձѺáءһĲϲǣкƽԴʱ򣬸䶼ദѺá
ǣΪһũ壬һ쳣ȵ̬ǶɳĮȥҲǧټƵһͷǶɿֲׯڵڡ
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صĴ٣ӰΧֻ̬һֶô˵Ѳ棬ǨɽͻΧ̬ʧ⣬Ҳ֮Ǩ㡣
ֱ仯ؼկũΪկ˵֮ãǨߣʡǶׯڵƻأЩɽɽԡߢΪҪԴĲ˵һˣìܾһ
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ο滷Ÿֱ׳ɣɵز㱧ŶҲӮ֯ĺկӣοһؼҳһ˲Ůӣ
СѾͷ귽ʮߣС伮ѧ䣬ĺ÷ϣȻǸƽŮкܡˣһʺϵػ׸˹ǹо֮׵ս
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ϵһµǧˣɥһҾ˵그̫̫꣬굱ͷϲлǧСģСģû뵽Ӧͷϰ
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ˣһ£̲ס챯šô̯ôܼҵһףҰɣ


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ͱ˰ˣӴһ£ʲôƻԻͨޣһ²·
ҶСҲͬٴ򽻵ҲһΧӦĴг͢ĵطսʱܿս֮⣬˫ܽҵҲδһ¡־ͭʣɷֵ궼ꡢݡպһˣţ˺
һ̸вٵطԽкҶٱ;ذڿ̰ܵѱȻ࣬һȶó·һȶĲԴ
ϲֻǸܼҵżҲ£ҶСһ̸˫˳ϵʹҶСһԼկס
ʱϹܼҺȻԧսʿ˽սǳ͢ıʿˣȴĳһλµ벻֪ߺ⣬æЦѾ΢΢ȥ
ùָ㣬ǼʿѾ֪Ⱛְ׾˾Ǵ˵٣Ϊһæǰһ񣬵Īˣܶͣǰɷս
ʿ˵ţչһݼӸܶطĹ˿һǧİʮǧ˰ʮˣӦٶʮˣ֮ڣ츮
ٳɹۣðݷˣܶɷѲӵϢѾжţ˵˿æӹܶĹģĳڣصǰ죡
ǼʿҲͷҪ뿪ǧȴҪʯҿҲҪ
ǾʿЩؿһۣ˾Ǿʿһ˿еģʯһǧҲȥˡ
ǧ˴ϲ˴֣ص÷ᣬڵȵչֵʱˡΪ˴£вʿĵˣЩҪһȥ죡
һ⵹ù뿪ļңһһΰͣϲʱֵصãϾȥѡһ·
δ뿪ľʿ޵ˡ˾Ҿ
ҶС죺
æѡԱ㾡İܼߣ˿˸ǧ˸߲ҵҪž˸ȥѡҶСɹŵ˿ᡣϵڿ죬ҶСλֻǾ͵뿪ˡ
ҶС˵һ飬ֵ˾Ŀˣ˾뿪Ҳסȥˡ
ӡĲ¶ϲɫȻð췴͢ԲӦʮа˾ž͵ʵаߣһʱաζ˵ķ֮£¾Ҫ»СС»ˡ
ѿڵȻˣǲӱ޸ɶ˽£
ҶСһۣжǣµľӦڵȥ˭ð粻ƫƫʱ
һʱû˾˽ܶѾȥɷѲҵ׷ȥɷܶ˴ʱҲδϾ˼°ɣңðݷģĴ𶯣͢Ѿ˶ڵѡǡȵ죬˽һ³͢Ķ˵ɣ
룬˵ҲеǿͷҲգͺǧͬȥ졣
ͬʱؼկҲ׳ؿүӲһ٣ֻйĵطʿ𣬱ûз񣬵үһǡƥ𡱣Ϣѡ׳ǰЧ
ԩҲͷŮȴжҪڱսعǡ֧ͳ˧


44 
ǧͬЭ֮£ǰǾѡ˸켯Աڶ磬ǧ²ظž˾˼·ˣ˲Сʱ㿴һ֧ӲϹ
һǰɫǹ˶֪ʲôˣؼկûᶼˢļªǹȻªҲɫɫؼЩ׳ȴ롢ýǾľӻҪʢ
ҶСѾǧ˵ؼҵɫı֣ȫΪհ˷²Сʱһ߶ȫò޵ŮӣжҲܼģ
ǧ֪ڿ˭ķԼ˼Ļط²ˣʵڲ׳ѲһƲƲм״
عȻˣһţĵ˱Ȼ簰˵Ķ͸ȡһζУδ벽ɼλ൱
ҶСҲǧһʱһֹһ޳ͽʵԵرļᡢ׳࣬ȴýʮ߰͡һǷӲʣòҲжʮ꣬һֻϳɣʵҲʮ߰ꡣ
ǧߵؼͷãϹˣҲ󡣡
ҶСүӼҵĹӣ
ǧ˵Ǹذĸϻĸ磬СǸĸϻĵܵܡ
ҶС쿴ǧģʮ꣬ٿǱҪϼСܣĵǹƴˣСӶʮꡣ
ʱҲǣذ¶һ˿ЦݣЩЦݡ
ɤţӴⲻϢ󽫾ᣬ粻һʯүҲȥ˰ҪðĴĴ˾˰ξȫҲɣ
͡һЦƤϵǧˣû˵ʲôذһǿЦ⣬ѵܵܵҽ˵ǧ˺ҵĴͷĿ˹֣ҲǷȥİɣͬͬģһȥǿϮ˴֮䣬ҪӦ
صǱ˴֮䶯֣һأ˵֮Ǿ׵úˡ·ܿͬһȷʵҪӦС
ҴͷĿõܣصһˣϺЦӦСҲǸģЩӵܱկӵܣܣҲϣһȫŴһ֧ŵùġĬѾǳҪ
ǧһظоã°ø߸ߵģȻһ㲻øս֮ϣȴǵǲǲȼѧԨԴߴչĵطǷİɣʱһӦǵġ
ذֻһȻ߰ϾǴӦˡʯҵүȥ죬ҪҾģʱֶһ֧ǿȻԷ
ʢƲһƲʱָ˭˭ء
٣Сӣ㻹𲻷սϣ֪ҰҸ㰡˵УսҲ£ǵطǵǹƥӢ۵ĵط
ǧ˵꣬һӢݵ񣬹ҶСҶ֣˵ðаŮɱӻ޶أΪ˹ʿݲŮˡЩŮţƽʱףһ䵽ЩǾͲඡ
ҶС֪Żܺⳤүһɣӣû˵ҹӿٶȣһһ˾ٵݡ
ǧ˼ҶС첻ͻɫ˵ðǱߵˣƽʱԼ̺˵ģп˵ţϾԼȥޣһһƽʱսŮ٣ҪŮ䵽ﻹкã˵бץŮˣһҪ̺߰˸ˡ
ؿǧһۣЦЦصү
ǧ˰ֻ۾бô
ͻȻѵʤϵİ׸ǹһᣬֻ˸ƣǧ˱һܣߴ񿩿Цǧ֪ϵȴҲͣ£ּǰ˼һַŻٶȣҶСЦһ죬һвŮٺ١
һ·ϲعóǧˣǧȴ뷽跨ȥĲʹõֶɵĺܣֺͳСӡϲߡ˼Ƥкࡣ·Сԩң˵ǲӼį
죬ųư壬γԪĳƹݣδʮ£Т֮Ԑܷ⹧·ݾͼλ˻ʵۣν˫ϲ족ķعݾͱΪ죬Ӵˡ
츮Ϊأ׷˻ۣһ·ü֧飬죬ƵĶ͸ˡ
Ĵ˾Ҳ٣ڹݵǵĶԸһЩ͢ӰһЩӳ͢һ£˾׷׷ͿԿƵ龰ڵµĹݣǲܵġ
ǧ˵츮ȥʯפأҪҲѣԼפأž˾˼ҵȥָűͬԼפȥˡ
ؼЩʿΪǡ־ԸʣָŶǵĵοһʣ˾иöȣפصҲڳפͺҳھӡ
ҶС˵죬ǧʱֿڳѰҿջס漴ͨٸйزݷϢ
ʱϢݷǳֻĴǴ󲺲ձȽϼʱϢңΪð췴ھǺľҲˣĻ͢ʲôͨǡ졪ɶߺ;ǡ졪·ߵĿܸҲҶСͣԭ
ǮСǺܺô򷢵ģܿǾ͵õ˳͢µϢϢһҶСʱһģ֮䣬Ҳսˣ
ձ̫᳼㼪볯ʣսʤʾȻһ֮Сֻ֮£ʹæȣӴ˿ڵǲƽð֮ңӵʹȻɣǲɶܱĳʱ볯Ԯˡ
ҶСʱɵۣ濪սǴɣο濪սѲó͢淢Ӧʱ췴ֻ³͢治õѹϵңð裬СձڶŰֻ´ɽһ鰲֮ˡ
͢һֹӦڴʱ췴ģ˵ȡֶʱ䡣ӥԹ־ڱصãʱҲǻ裬ҶС죬ҲȻΪ˽ţ֮͢һŪã񲻾һǧˣ
ںһףûҵɻڣηعǧΪͿ̿ȥһء
ô죿ƺһж˿ƣҶС죬һʱҲãȻ޴ˡ


45 һ
Ϊ͢ô
ֻڵʱҶСѾٽ䱸ҶС죬˽½ӴĻ࣬Ѿϰ֮ʱҲؿΪ֡ߡ硱ˡ
üͷðȷˣĴ֣䡢ȱҪҲ֮С͢Χ˵ıʱŸոսģ˳Ҳ±ƽϢġ
ҶС΢΢ͷ˵Ǳߣۡԣձ̫᳼㼪СгӶռɽֶٽ򽭣Ƴ׶ȱƽֱݣֻ̲գʰ˵ߵҲǶʱոġ
ҶСֵ˵ͷҳΪᶽӦΪԣԮ֮սոմ졣£Ӧˣô
ҶС͢սӦƶðݺձѶҲܹ裬ƱȫһսңӦҴʤҲǲʤĴ۽ʮڡ
ԡĿһۣӦ͢ظ֮
ҶСô죿Щڼ鳤ţ룬һɽҪˣʱӦҡû֮ˣ
Ŀһ˵ҿ͢Ƿϣ˵Ҳֻ÷õĴӦĻᣬΪǿˣϴţ룬һʵҲЩã

ߣ֮¡֮ء֮ڸ׸־ɫȻ
͢Ǹٶȿ˵ž֮άʱСȸһֻʱ־޸ոʱоټλһ󣬲Ϊڸ׸ӭ˼޵Ŀ顣
ñĲֻ̣ĲֻǱǣĲ̫ˣܼҲףôһݼҵȨҲһ뵽ʢĻʵۺܿ濪սƤһ
ϣΪӦȸ֮ʱϲپٷ𣡡Ǻӥ䣬Ҳ֪濪սΣʵֻ̫Ĳ鲻ԸسԼǱ飬ʱһȷģɡ
ϣζȸ䣬ܿǲڲϵ֮ˣӦ޷óȻ˱ñʵ˵غζ£ӦƼӰ
ʵѾϳˣϳ¡ȻһЩʸֵΪ糯ʽڻƺһֻŶĻ
뵱»ʵɹСһսսʱع֮µ»ʵ۾ȻΪоɱǰòε󣬲еһԱһսʮ꣬ɹδƴ߾
˺պվЩɱǧ˱£ȴд˻ʵʮжţնһˣ췵նһˣ˵ǻʵɱġǻʵնнһԱսüҵʲô̶ȣⳡ̾˶ˣɱ˶ٵˣսΣǾͲò˵ˡ
ǲϲʵֹˣִʷ£ôһʣ»ĵʮܵ߹أˡ
ǻһåֶΣԴδ֪֪Ҳ⡣⣬κβЩˣǹʸЩ˶ǲǹӵġ
ڴ󳼷׷ǰǧƪһɣΪʱٶñ԰ΪϲߡԱȴһִͥ¼Ẳһ˼ʱʱֹ
⺲ֽҶߡʱ֮ҶĸӵңţΪѪⲻȥҶĸ·éҶߣҶСͽвСϳķҲǲģСͽש
ĸڼҲޣҶĸ·ޣһӣȴǳ͵ĺöӡͯĿʹҶ߿̿飬14ţ21оˣ25нʿʱѱְʿΪޡ
ʿΪʵ۽گ飬Ϊʵ۽⾭ڸ󸨳ҪԴ֮һڳϣҲ֮ȨֻϾʶǳôУҶ߲׿ڡ
˼Ҷڹֵϣһԣ֪
ʼֻǱ¡ȴ̵ԱڳϻóƤûׯص֮صǲɱټϺò˸ĶŮˣȴΪ˼ءԼ࣬ҶСһ׻ܣЩĻ䣬Ÿϳп岻ʡ
ÿÿдȰɣһԡͷۻĴ̡Сͳˡӹ̡һЩԵ񣬸ʲô͢ƷϹԱƼĳ飬Ӱ첻µĸ
ǲ֪ûͬĲɶԴǽͣγһڴ߰ʾЧֻ߽ˣӹǶĿʼ
ʱǵȺѾһʱǶֻ۳أؿڱƣܲҶһ˵Щͷص
͢С飬ǳãöͳࡢҾ˶̸Ҷֻԭվ΢΢ǷϣΪ͢ʱȷʵ濪ս
ϴͷü΢΢һⶼ̸ˣվΪٸһ飿Ҷ߻һתֵиķΪӦ־ٶδûз⡣
־£֮ң֮սҲ̫áǰζȷ淴йҶѲѲʮӦ̻̲գԱ棬ǲɶۡ
ʱ͢Щ֮һζ԰ôӦô룿Ϊ͢Ϊ͢η濪սԲŶ˻֮ƣ
εȴһˣȻӲֱЩҲǰһƣˣ˵ȥ
ҶߵǣȻ֮ԣǽӦȷзļϡһ򣬾һ͢һһ漰ǧһ㲻ɲԣΪ͢濪ս£Ӧ˸˽ˡθȶһ
ʱ׸־Ҳȥˣæأ
Ҷ΢΢һЦЦеգڶôӦǷз⣬д鿱ζܸӦı֤ô죿Ͻԣܳ͢հַ
Ǻĸ޵˸ʾ֮ǿʾ֮峯͢ʵʾ֮׳Ұġͬʱ˸Ԥֻðݷȴ͢ڵóгʰ
ҶǺĳһҾǣʱ͢ԽʾʾӦԽǵ󣬱ҷ˵ҲͷˡҪպһȲС
ʵ΢Ц͵ؿҶһۣҶ޾
ڴ󳼷׷ȻͣǲˣղݣҶܵǲַ̬ĴܶΪӦ飬گӦԱ
λϣӦ޷ģ˵£ҷگǰġ
ȥȥɶ
λЦֵ³ɶҲǲȥġ
صɶҲȥ޾֪ݵ飬
ڴ󳼵۾ˣ͢㣬Ǿ̬Եõʮ㣬Ӧ˱Ȼ˼ǲ׳췴ˡǲط󳼵飬Գٳٲۣ˽Ҳ˵ǵطԱֻҪǳ͢ĵӣһڳʱٶȷѣ
ʵֳۣƣΪ꣬˵áֻǡôǲϳٲڴ󳼵˺ƴսأŪô볳ţ


46 ңҷ
͢ϻһɢм·ɱݡĴصĶԱȥˡǺĴҴһصԼĸۡܿӥһںĳԱ
ʷѽ͢ǡڻԡ˼ԡ޹ԵμֹϵشĻ͢˵һ飬Ȼ֮͢ߣԵۣνȫˣһţǱô죿
ǿȻһ磬һˣգΪ˳͢Ϊ𢣬ټɥʷٹ⣡
޹ؿһۣص֣ҶС첻ô룬ҵֻǺϵðڲġɲһҾΪԱóȻֵĻô죿
üͷһ壬ǸСӣӵĴȴҲ˵ˡ
˼ԱĿһ룬˿ţ뽫ƾͼƣңǾüơڳ͢ڲԸӦֻȥʱţ룬ֻµȲȥ
ţǱߣõս֮ͻȻ֣һѱӦѾһţͻȻȱʧã˵Ѩ֮Ч񡭡
˼ҡҡͷź֮ɫڻţȥأ͢Ժܿڳ
˼Կһۣ˭˵׼Щڼţ룬׷׷չӰ죬µȵ͢ѹʱţӦֻæˡ
ڻȻΣֻҪӦţһҲıսƻţ£һ©ֻҪܼ͢ʱץס©Ӧһ뱻ˡ
Ǻǡ˼ԸЦôĹؼҶСϣСңȫңӦ
üһҲδذɣֻҪҵԴ壬δزϴӦǶ˽⣬ںأεӰֻͬаŮ޶ĵطǿˣͭʣΪһ踾ˣϧͬ巽ȨѣЩɥ
޹صϴֻǳҶСȴǳˡҵ˶˽һЩҾãټһ͢δؼһԩŮ
ԲϧһǿԿΪһԩŮͬ巽ȨģȴδؿΪϳ͢ļƻţã²ļҡˣӵֵǣһӦǣǶЩ˵ı
Ȼʲô
޹Сĵߣ˵ⲢͬġΪ֮Ϊᡯĵͬĵ޷Լĵǿϣˣһһ͢Ա
ʱĬĹؼҶСϣҶС첻Ϊţ룬̸ֻֽãǺĵҲǲ۵
˶ڻԵǹ˼ǣ
Ǻĵ֮ҶС죬ɣ
ǺĿһۣ֮ǰǡб䣬ֻܷϣѡ񣬲̫ʧ
ǺĻϷ磬ҲʶǸȥǸˣѡأ

һƥ˶ެһεĺһ˳;ԶеĶ̴װ磬һбڼĳĵ촽Ӣ
կկʱ򣬲֪ٴСϱεĺʱ˫һĿճ׷ãҲõģƳζĲб΢΢գҶŮңα˴磬ò˼Ҵģֻϧ꣬꣬ʧ쾡ͷˡ
չɷҹظϡȥ·ҶСǱΪ滮õģҶСҲش·ǰɶչ˳ɶУһйһС򣬺·һҲӣסս
չСҪһݵĲˮŵĺŲˮǲ販ʿǰѯ˼仰궫˳꣬ټУǷ򱱷ˣǶ츮
չˣƹЦеشչ͸Ƕӣ߰ͼŹֵˡǰ˽ӣѭֻ֪ǰ츮˾ͻһŰɣȻ١һӣ룬ţ
չ糾͸ϵ츮ͬİŴҶСȷסܿ죬οջסˣƹ鿴¶Цݣ͹ˣΪס
չ϶¥һϷ°˷䣬ܿڿһǷһţŵġȻ䷿ǻͨģпסϴķ䣬Ŷһͷһ
չ֪ڷҶСסˣסһ󼤶ŷ˼ۣȴûҶСӰҲǿ˵ҶС֮Ϣչ˾֣˼һǴŵĳ嶯
ֹƬ̣СˮרϳСϴԡԡӿźţչոսϸһ˼߳ǽϸ۲һǴ߸ԹһͷţŹҵϣǡס϶
ʵ϶ܿһ֣ǸԷߵģǼȻ֪һŷ죬ǻòȫչϸȷʵסŷ죬ŷķأ½ᷦӽԡͰ
ˮȻǵҹģȻȡҲûԡҺ㾫ů͸Ƕʱط壬쳣̹
ûˣһղĻչǵãȻ˼ҶС죬˶»¾Ҳû׼ȷʱ䣬ֵչŲЩֻ֪Ѿܾã㹻ˡ죬ǾҪˣûм
ԡͰã˯ˣڼԡͰ߱õˮͰԼˮƤ̵úֻͨͨճϺӣž壬ԡͰ
ŮҵѾǰԱߵ¼ϣͣһͷʪĳߵױ̨ԣոţ˼£ȻԼߵߵʹǽǡ
չ϶һ٣ɿذͷһ٣첽ңǽʱߵͣˣչһæ߹ȥŷ￴ֻڲͬ˵ںܽܽľţȻǶ˾ƵˣٴչȥɡԶ˿壬ˡǿ塣
ǱߴҶСңţ
Ȼ˿ȥҵԿףѿˣһҶСһչĻϲſ˫ȥ
ͭԿԲԲĶ˵ؿڣֹĶںʪ󳤷ɵķ٣ԳһζաľҶСһӢˬչ˿ȴԵرġ
ҶС컹ٿչŮζһ棬ϲ
չˮγһ˫µؿãŴЩȷص˵ͷһʱʲô
ҶСһ̶ЦԷǡѾͷӦá͵컻ա֮ͼôȡԼ£ԼأʱȻԼҶС졣
չɴ۾΢ŵصĴ𰸣ҶСŬ룬Ϊѵصҡˡ
չһ˫ĶüеԿҲһˣ˵ˣϽشңҪȻҪȻչҲ֪ҪȻʲôɽŵȴӿֳ
ҶС쾪ȵصʲôһûɣ㾹ȻҪһ
չһʲô
ҶСɫĲˣֻײѣôһأһ԰ǾԲ塢ӦǷҪġ
չֻҪ׼ȷ˵˵һʶʱȴδ뵽ֱ˵˵һʶʱԼ˵Ļչʱһһ룬ͻȻʱʶԼ˵ģ֮Ūðɣֽ׷ɱȥ󻹱ã˴һܡ
չˣ֪ģʱðɵһĻȴ쳣ۡչش䣬Ĵ۾･Ө⣬һ˿ЦصĴƭӡ
һӵķҷһ͹µӱ˽ҶСĻΪһɢķɢˣһͷ㷢һк£˵ҶС컳еϲ
ҶСḧ㷢ûˣû¡
ȻҲ˵ȥˣȻҪʵĸоסֻӣñ˴˵ظű˴˵źһ˫ȣ켰ˣͷһ㶼ҰĲС˰
飡飡
ܰĸоݵ˴Уã˲ֿҶСҪ˵ԼǱ߱ԼߵˣҶˣӵ
ڷ㣬ڲ㣡ҶС̽ͷԼܻغһתչǸ겻ɢ˵ֹˣȻȥ
ҶС켱˵ţԸеĴһǣԼ䣬Űϡ
ꡱһҲͷϣϣȻǾ䡰ɵһһƺͷûˡ


47 ȷ
ҶС쿪˷ţȴֻһˣľȻһλӾǴعҶСġ
ҶСЩ⣬һʣ֪ؼ׳ڳ⻮ĵصפ֮ͬЩЩУϤðݱսһҪ㣺ϴ㶾
ǼѪľ綾ֶҩŪҼ۸߰˭ҲĲðݱʿͷֻͿĨ˪ͶȶأЩմȾڼֻ΢ԲжЧ
Ч谭зԱѸٻָĸȾ񻯺ܻܿںܾԺҪһ˵߽֫зϣʱûʲôЧİ취ȥƸȾĶЧ
ǻ֪ñˣΪսǰ׼ҪɲԼؼӵܱʵɥֻɡеȱ˶ܼ֮ʱϴⶾЧĶЧģϳתһȦЩҩƷȴеҩ̶ܡˣҩƷĽͳһٱ𣬲˽
ȥפ쾣ǧλүȴӣΣȻ뵽ҶСҲǹ٣Ψһʶһ٣Ȼ˵ĳʶ죬뵽һŬͿկж׳ӲͷƤæˡ
ҶС쵹ûôС˽ʱİ׸ǹԼصñܸ֮Ȥֻǿû˵㲦ֽ˽ԵĻᣬܾ
ҶСҲȷԼǷܰﵽ񣬶Щүǵϰ磬ҶС˽ⲻǴ򽻵ôȥˣŹǻĥ
ԣҶСһãҶĳҲǹ٣ȴĴĹ٣֪ǾǧܷҼӡɣڴЪϢһ£ȥѰǾǧ
عһŮңöһ˾ӴлҶ˰æȻҶ˳棬ҺβͬȥǾͷӣСŮҲþȥɹҩġ
ҶСݸһЦ˽£˶˷ã
һı飬Ȼ׹ҶСƾӣֻδλǧɿڣϾȷһϵͳַһطΪ٣ǾǧһЩô
Ҫ˺ôȻԽԽã˶ˣֻǾǧ˼ɣˡ
뵽ͷˣҶˡ˵һǮҶСҪٻ˾ȡãǮǮ׼ɹҩĵģڴͨ˹ؽڣҩҲֻóͨϵˡ
ҶСЦЦδǮȥǾǧͨڣҲصôģҼλͷ˵
ҶС˵ǧ˵ͻȻҶ֣Ҷ֣ûȥɣ
રઽŲ죬ǧ˳ſڶЦصǽһƬʵˣӣǡף
ǧһƼ񣬵ʱһһۡһһۣıΪҲѹı飬ҶСп͵ǲһԵģ˿ѾˣֻҶСˡԭߵһģǧ˼λû뷨
ͷ͵üһʲô
ǧƲӴǻʼҹôţ鵨˰ɣ߳ŭ˰ɣ׽׽˫˰ɣҶ֣Сܿɲ˵㡭
Ȼףǧ˸ϻŤͷҶСͣҶСס۾
һֱһ㴩ǧ˵£ǧ˷糵һڿתһѣһҵ˵ϣˤ߻ء
޴õذһ¥·˾סδסӡϵ˷׷״ӷſڹۿ
ǧ˱ˤһϢðǣòײŻһѵ롭ɱڰ
㻹˵
һ״ңһ١ٶô˵ӣһ⣬һֻ۱ǡ顱һͻǧӢͦıӡ
ǧ۷ֱؿѪѶ¡
飡ǧ浹£ʹȥˡ
ˢһŤͷһ˫ӢſڶݺһɨվſΧ۵˵ʱɢΣ˫ַӣܵһ㶼ĲȻ񲻼ãҲõΣϢʱҲŵĨ֮ͣˡ
⵹Ƕ϶˼Ҳģɴ˵λξͲͬˡǰ˼ҲûٱʰϳջľǣǣŮ˵ĻҪֻҪ֮Ϊϣ

ҶС뿪ˡȵڴһ죬ֲ뿪ױ̨ٴδյŷǰ󿴿ҿڿӰȻԼ߹ˡ
һλɫ£˿޺ڿ磬Сϵһ廨ƮϹһڶ̽ɫȿ㣬ȶ˰ȣС߷ǳһ˫ⶥţƤѥ̱ڶ绨
չеʱûлҶСŮھʲôɸ˵ĹϵУڸڣҶСݵذŮ
ǣҶСһɮ⣬ЩŮĸһʼûʲôϵأ
ҶСʶʱһһΣȻҲѵҶСһһΣӨӨҶСʶʱװŪŵüһˣһʼʹĻǵضԸҶС죬ѡ
ЩûһէһҶСͶһĵģȥȴ׷˶ˣҪ˵ֻеλˮδߣ⻹ΪˮѶϣҶСĻ䡢
йңΪףչеȻһɱҪһλýá˰ɣĲٶһˡ
˿ûע⵽ڷĿӣ˫֣ڷյתţ￴Ҵʱ䣬Ȼ߽˽Ŷ΢΢һͣʧűߡ
չæ˽Ƕȣŷ׷ȥȴ䲻ŷһڣȻһֻ۾Ƕչ顱۾ͻȻһһһƨնڵϣڻһ죬žͱˡ
ԭҶСæ֮䣬δŻһͷͼȥӦˡչβţ뵽ѾˣֲˣԼѾĶ֮ɷɴժˣԱһƿ
ڷкĥʱ⣬϶һˣŻʱŷ͸Ĺ߱仯ע⵽ˡ˼εϸ壬ɫشűתע⵽ֻţ̽һۣһٹȷȷʵ˿ӣժͷ
չո̧ͷһĶָ̽ıǼϣɱڵص㲻Ͼӣι˹
չһˣĵ굽˷ﻹû·㵹Ŷˡѵѵ㣬ҪҼҵţﵽͷȥ
չżһţ˫һţȻһشܳһժ˹ڴͷıǺॡһгʣҪۣȴһͷͼɣȻͦ
ѧ䣬Ҳϰ䣬˼ѧʵǱҡ֮ɲڸս˼ñ֮ѧϰǡƪƪһһȡ֡
չһԲν񻹻վǶὣأһٱȸ²ɣ˼άԷ˾ٶѾʾ⣬Ǿ͸ȷˡ
ѽҶ֣չջѣ˵һãӭȥ
ʱҶСǧڴϡۼǧ˺Сԩ˾ףҶС¶˴κǧ˾ߡ
ǧʱѾѹһǿһֽضҶСҶϣʹ󷢴ȱֻɣȥͭʣҰڶлġ
ҶСؿһۣûϢعôӾͲһ
ǧ˿ɥȻ룡ζ룬ɡҴ򲻹
ҶСɸֵصԴôһţ֪䣡Ҫ֪ս֮Ϊϲߣ
ǧ˹ֵҪҶˣβܲս֮
ҶС뵱ΪҲһλһһΣҲ򲻹֪ô𣿡
ǧ˵ô
ҶСָָԼıǼصţǽһᣡǽһɣĸϻھ͸һֻè࣡һʲô𲻶ˣ
ҶСɲ֪еֻè˿󷢴ǧ˿еĸ涷˸ѽѷ֡


48 
츮ǧλڱȽϻƽⴱլֻйٱ룬Щʱȫս츮ΪɷߵĴ󷽣еźҪ˱Եæµ࣬Ҳֻھˡ
ҶС쵽ǧŽԱݣҪǧǾʿָյģҲλԼǧǷʶæͿýһȥǧ
ԣҶ磬˵еҶСǱԺԺߣǧûͷûԵôһ䣬ֵؿһۣ˵ʲôˣ
ǧϲ̵ص˵ģ򲻹Ű
ǧ۾΢΢һУһյģвս֮ܣܣүа㣬ʱ򻹲Ұڲ㡫
ڲôҶС쿴Ǹ׳ܻɼعȢŶǷܷˡݼ̹ݴ󽫾ΣݺɳңһؼҾήˣһӱŽţ
ǧĦȭƣҸôأǸȥƭϹأϵϵأѽҶȲ뿴Ҹ˳ۡ
ҶСЦҡҡͷվס˽ŲΪǰ·ıѾվס߸ߵĲݶһָǧ
ҶСͷһͼôһɲݶ⣬һֱɵԲβݶ⣬һɲݶݶɣʱѾнɸˣҪ׶״һֵ̺Ӵһֲָָ㣬ڲݶⶥϵľʿѶⶥݵýʵЩӽ
·ľʿ£˫֣ݶϱ߸ߺǧˣǧˣλ㡣
˭ң
ݶŤͷ¿һۣǾʿæ֣ʾԼڡҲδϸԾһĲݶѵĽʵʽ״һ⡣
Ǿǧνýһ£˵վסǾʿҶСһ˼ǰ˵ǧˣλԹͭʣ
ǧһҶС͵ɴ۾ԾؿҶС죬̽صҶС졢Ҷ֣
ҶСЦҪҽһ£һԼ֣һϸ⾣ǧƺе죬
ңҰ
ǧӣ־òףæ˫һסеصϳôǾ뵱ڽ긮Ƿõġơ˾Ĺأֻ
ҶСȻ־ϲ˲Լͬǰʵʵӵһ£ĴŶԷĺ󱳣Цôˣ
Դӽһ𣬾ҲˣڼǵйһҶС뿪ϾʱоڹӼԿѦˮ衣ΪйӼѧ׷ˮѯ˼
ʱڣҶСѾӨӨչҲǼв壬ųܿҲȻˣ뿪֪ⱲӺ˵ǲǻлٻȥ
ˮڽ취غأʵѾ̻貣Ҳȼյ̫ĸ顣ôˮ轨Ǵ갲ĿʲôֻΪ֮йһ飬˷ǲľ飬˶ѣ
ԣڻи߾Ա㣡
Ժû˽ҶС͵ڽʶЩѴҲûϵʵΪ̫ͨܲշתǧɽˮһȥֻΪһðɡ
ԣҶС쾹֪Ѿ뿪Ͼ츮ǧǧҲֻ֪λѻڹ٣Լ˵ѾأͭʸˣⲢ˽⡣
էѣϲ쳣մŵĲݹһ߰ҶСǧԺãһѯʱ˴˾Щ˵ҪȴҲܺܿи˽⡣
ǽ°ٻھϵͳһλȻѰ֮
ϵϹˣϵиͷԩʱһĽһӶʼձѹһͷôǨϵʼոһƷ뼶
ǸƲοһ͵ñ˲ȵͷȥ£Ҳãһѹƶֵֶκͼٵ
϶ͷϵѹһӣĶ̬ˣòüܲ϶ֵĶϣһӿɾѹˡ
ԭ޴־̸ֻڽ긮̫ƽ٣úõصӵܣȴϾ̯ôһ¶ӵܵˣ̫ƽҲˡԭ߹ٵĸϳʲôģֽ챻̴Գܡ
ŭ֮£ȥǶͷ˾׵ӽ쵶ӳȰ⣬ͷ뿪ְ뿪ϵͳ
һǶͷòˣ˼ѹһӷ㱾²Сڱ˼ҶϾ³ˡ˼ҷû׷ʹĵ־˵׻ְûҪָһ
ǣ϶ͷҲͲ鷳ˡڽʱǰٻֻǸְֻÿнٺʵûʲôʵȨǳ˽ݺߵġ
ȥ츮ѾˣȥոĸǧֻΪǧո˲ôǧӱŤԲͳΪǧ
ҶСĿЦҲԼغ˵һ顣һһ˵Ȼʱ̶ɫ˵ҶСûע⵽ĳЩʱɫЩŹ֡
ǧԺ䣬ļլһӴϮڵʵ϶ƽũѵսʱΪȻҲס
һһԺ䣬ϢͶȻŨԺﳶżӣϱĿɹԶ򲼺Сѡ˷кӣǲԺôģɹģô
ҶСһȻ˵ᣬСӶ찡Ӷˡ
ٺٺЦҶСȤǶӻѾͷҪ൱ĻҿԶף
ǶӣءҶָмˡ
ҶСһ룬ֻһŮգҶϼ弸ʱ֦ܿɢҶŴѽҵץʱ䣬˶Ųš
ҶСҡͷ̾ǱȲᣬҼӰѾϱǡ
һЦһۣЩ漴ÿͣҶ֣ϵܣ룬Ժҡ
ѶýˣС죬С죬ϲ
ɤӣȻش𣬱ֶҶСЦСѾͷһϾͷҵĹ֦ҶģҲǸ̺˵Ĺϣȥһ°ɣڲݳʮֻȸӣը¾ơ
Ҿ֪ڶȸӶʰˣ͵¹أһŮЦӯӯ˴ļλֵܻءδˣŮĿһתͻȻҶС죬ʱ
°׵ӣ̵ȹϵһ׻׵СΧȹ˫ܶţǰԼԷһЩϵѪԽˣԭҲȡ
ҶС컺վһЩףګګػһҶ硱
Щ޴룬ҧһҧǴ󲽸Ϲȥ¸ҵǰ棬ҶСҶ֣ҡǡ
ҶС쿴ˮ裬ٿȻЦˣؿһͷϾð㣬Ұһˮӣû뵽ȻԵ
ҲֲҶС仰ǵ٩ǳŪڨЦŲ֪˵ʲôҶС츺֣ŵô˵ģˣƷѧšףһأ˿壬ˮҲпˣ˭þϣԿ䡣
ȷҶС⣬һĵʱ־ִٵشһ֣ЦһƷѧšô
ҶС콥Цݣֿˮ裬ͷϵصϲǣ
ˮ۾ŵôģعæӵ뻳УǴִָ׾ظĨ۵صʲôʲôҶҲϲš
ˮҲ֪ڿʲôܾԼԲҶС졢ǷҶС죬һֱѹͷһĲȫˮ޵Խ죬Խɡ
һͣؿޣһ޴غ壬ҶС֪ˮ谮ޣɻͷһοˮϽˮ಻˼ں壬˵˵ֲǰ
ҶСĿһתȻ⻹һӣﱧһӤӤһָ˱һ˫۾ؿǡҶС߹ȥʾһ£ӹӡ
ǺҲС֣°ӲӲĺ磬ֿЦˡ
ҶСЦСӣߣүɹ̫ȥ
ҶС챧ӣȻת˻԰Ƭ̣ͼ߰˸ֳֺӧǹʿѺչ߽ǧҪ˵ѺȴҲ׼ȷΪλﰺͦأ֣ʵڲ߰˸ǹֽ䱸ȴҲʵ
Ѧˮֹס˿ŤͷֻǧһϷıǶһҶСȥȴǱ˺ȥ԰ˣȥˣ޸ոոϳͿλŮк


49 
ڵ츮Ѿ״̬ջ﷢еһ죬ȻҪѺɾǧˡ
ڴĹԶ֮ϣ֪˵սʱսָӹ٣Ĺ٣е佫Ҫָӵǲ츮״̬Ǵ˵ص쵼ߡ
һǾһץæרְר񣬳Ǳشߣ϶ϸֵоְϣչȻͱѺǧˡ
չԭһᣬټˮϵչǧʶⳡȻܿסλԸˬʣ֪ȥϧ֮£Ǻܿ첻ʶˡ
ǧ˵֪ȥҶСĿΪҩظ˵ԭҩİףֻҾһ仰츮ߡ
һֲۣзȴͬˡ
ǧҶС˵Ȼǧ˵뷨浶ǹĶǱȵ컹ѣҪԼŮòȴࡣ
ߣǧһ˲Ůӣ֮ԽԽ·ӡԽԽ̬һ䣬ٿǹ۸ҲͽȻͬˡ
֪书ߣðҪȢģԽԽʡģʯԽ簡˵ǳ࣬ǰôûأϸƣµĺܣҲҰˡ
ǧ˷ӣ뵽Ͷعչ˷׷󣬷·һֻ˴ҩĿȸ޲ſ򣬰еŵ㶼չʾڶԷǰ
书۱عǰûʲôŪģֻú;ǧŪԼˡ
֪ҶСһģϵӦòҲóֺعƵ¶ҲǸɹģȻ跽㣬΢ЦͷȻعﲻصģȻϵܵѣĳܸ跽㴦Ե跽㡣
ĵ˭СˣתͷǧˣŹֵĸоˡСЦüģǰǴͬأȴ֪ڴʲô⡣
ҶС߽ʱ򣬿ľһ龰չѦˮһ˽ǧյ߽Ūλȴһߡ
ԭñ¾ƲˣҶСúúϼȴһλϽǸСĴѾͷܵ˼ֳɵĲȡ
ŮϯͲһľˣȻ磬ʽ£ҲȽȻϯ䣬ҶС졢ǧһߣ̸ЦʲôҲĵõһȥ
һ߾չѦˮˡչ˾֮ŮŹŮعıŮؼկŮӢƣ˲̸ʲô⣬Ҳ˵һȥⷽ棬ˮѷɫˡ
ǽ۱̸ֻ£岻ϻڵĲΡЩѰ˵Ļ⣬ҲչĹܽӵϻġ
ǣˮŮ˺ͺڵıݣ΢ЦʱʱѿյľƱҲֻŮӣŮˡ
ˮ迴ٿҶС죬΢΢һ˿Ȼ꣬ģȴü΢΢͸һ˿Ӳ΢仯ͬΪŮչûвһӣǳˡ
ˮȻеһֻס裬ȥֻɷůЦĿ⣬ˮеʱӿһůˣһͨˣһǲͨˡһͨˣһֻСȸȸΪʲôҪк֮־أ
׷ĽŲһʹ࣬ںһۣҪһСŮ˵ҸõҪİ͹ˡɷ֣ˮУĶҸĽᣬ죬ȫ⿪

ҶС츮һͣ߰죬ڼͨʾһǷɶȥʣظ֪ʿѯʾ
ҶСӦԩ֤ģԼ䲻棬ֻҪָŵù¼ȡڹҲܴﵽӦЧȻͨϢһ߰Ҳ͹ȥˡ
ߵĻŶ֪ʿæ֮бҲʱǡҶС졢ϡӵ˵ϣǼ֤ߣ֪õѯʷʽǸ뵥ѯʣԷ˴
֪ҶСȻû飬Ҳ޷飬ֻҪǰѵžʵ˵ˣΪ췢£ĵȷȷӦΪԼñӣ߶ɱˡ
Ӧɱ޺ѹ£ӡһߵºɣ췴ûйϵӦûз⣬ͲҪ𸴵ķΧ֮ˣ֪Ҳ鷳ôеĻ⡣
ҶСΪҪ֤һõġҶС첻˷йְ˶֮Ȼλ
ҶС˶ã֪˼ɷסòʿ֪λҶСһ΢΢ǷˣҪ¹ھͰѵһһô
֪һۣ΢΢һЦǺǣҶͬʲ㡣
ҶСһţ˾٣Ʒ۵λǱȲ֪ġȻҪ٣ǽ룬֪ͱȲˡҪ˵֪ûʸѯǾЩŹˡ
֪û̫ɻʱ䣬΢΢һЦ䣬ѾվҶСرһ££̸ɣ
֪˵ţȥҲ߳һֻ꣬Թһ֣㽻
ҶСԼѮ񳡢һ˫۾ȻȴǳעĿʱԵ÷ǳֹضȻȻҲһλþλˣҴ֪Ⱦֻ̧ľٶְλ֪Ҫһ츮˭ܱ֪Ʒ׻ߣ
ҶˣߵϣҶСһۣ֪ոλˣ̧һѹҶСɣ
֪ʱҶСվʱ⣬ǣ
΢΢һЦٱϽףΪѴѾ֪ˡٴǳ͢ǲҲС
ҶС⻰֪ϽҲǱǺһʱһϲ
Ϊսټðң͢ƴ䡣ӥĥѾ׼Ӧ֣ȴֹ֪ˡɳֻ͢ҪסӦɵȽձð֮ڳԸҶС첻ܵȰ
ţɽȵĶǡ桱ҶСŽȥģԭΪ˻֮ԵУӦţ֮Уźڹؼʱͱһ
͢ӻ֣ҶСô죿Щ桱ţ룬ǲ͵ɷʴһôЩҶС治˵ﲻ֪εȽƣˡ
ҶС˫۵ʱųĿ⾼ضɣɴˣţѼϣòȴ֪Ǵô


50 Сȸ֮
Ͻһ˵͢ĿǰΣҲ֪
ҶС̽׵ĻȻǸƷĳ˾٣ϽȴǱɣһֻ൱ڽĳųһλȴǹγǺشϽ׵Ļ
ˣ͢Ϊ֮ҶףţΪ֮ųλҲҲҪɣֻ֪յĽΣ
һĬҶС쿴Уһֲĸоݣ͢ǱߵľܿܲҪĽ
ɳã̽˵Ҫ
ǺʵѾ˼Ȼ޷ţϳ͢Ǿó͢ţľϾڲѵµѡһѡǾҪó͢ҶС죬ΪӥȻӵкܴϾܴ͢ǻҪ˵ˡ˵ڸ˵ʵۡ
ԣǵһټ£ͬɴŬ˵ҶСΪ˳͢ţľֲ棬ϳ͢Ҫġ
Ͻ׵λϸ˵ǰľƣҶ˵ĴȻҲĿǰ˵ó͢濪սδϣһƲɵĺʵǲԣ͢ǲð濪սġ
͢磬ǧðҪó͢һضȸðнɽĿܣ̫ɱˣ͢ǲʵġ
𿴲ݽһ֮أɹǰǸ˵Ĳ䣬ǰҲǸ˵С䣬ɼ˼֮ǰСǳڽɹŲеһ֮ǰʲô
һϣѸپܳΪԭ֮ƣ͢濪սǲγƣҡڲͬ߱Ұĵʹľơ
ңһ濪սԤҪͶȥʱҪʲô˻𣬳͢Ǹûеѹģʱˡ
Ͻ˷ֵˣ͢ӦĿǰֻǸ
ҶСôţأţˣŵĲһǣһȺǡԭĴ㣬ţϳ͢ҪĹͷӦˮķ˺һӣʹֱ룬һټ֮ڳ͢ĽΪţﻢ£õΣ
ϽĿ⻺𣬶ҶС죬һһصţȥȥΣ
ȣҶСĿҲȵʲôʱֻ꣬ҶţͲʹָֻһ꣬ţ͵룬ôȣ
Ͻ׵ҵȻȥжѡûУڷĻӦͻ֪ţ벢δ֮Уȫֵʱ򣬾Ͳţ뿼ǣ
⣬ǶӦ˵ǶԳ͢˵ɲţһĿҪȥӦʼΪţҲԶõһöأ
Ͻ΢΢һЦ¶ɱΪţڽϵһöӣԸ֮Σڹؼʱ̣ȫ̾棬սһȴȻö
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ҶСһ׳յ˵ÿĭɣ·ָǰһӣҶС죺ɣԥ±ˣ¸ҵȥ仯ΪҽǵĻԻͣ㽫ʷᣬǧ
ϽװҶСͣһЦһţ룬סӦһȣʹӦжʧһӴ䣡㣬ټͣ͢ô
ϽɫҸң³֮󣬳͢㣬ǴһλΪҲδɡ٣ţĵ̻ģзݣ£һ»ףݵ̻һ㣬ԶʤţǻƧ֮أټͣаּ͡ģֽ䵽ʶҲǿԵġ
ҶСĿԽԽ죬˵ͷϽ׵ϴˣǲڿƭңǶҵĳŵǣȻףΪʲôԸǶԸӦ
⡭˽ҵҾΪʲôϽЩ졣
ҶС컺վǣң
ҶСѸͺ·һֻŭۼӦû뷴ʱǾӦ췴ģǵ⣡һҰģȴδһȥʵʱֻ롣һӾûͷ
ЩҳһֱڡϡֻһͷҲʵʩˣǣѲҲҳŵˮϵˣΪ˱췴
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ƾʲôǵΪӦʲôƾʲô˵ǵ뷨ǹģΪһ֮˽Բ𣬴үҲϵǿͷҲΪ˳ɾǵҰģһɱĹ֣ҲԸⰡү
ʲʲô
Ͻ״Ӳǵ뷨ʲôԣѵǲΪǧΪ˽ɽǴûлɹԼԣûܵʣǺεȴ治뷨
̽ŭˣİˣСңȫңʲôԣο͢δûв˹һ͢ʮڡ̰ȴҪָҵȲΪ´󹫣
ҶСЦΪ˴СңΪĴҵСңûʹңʲôʱĴҵСˣûҲˣţ룬ƨˣһңǸ߸ϵ˾үЩϰûУ
ԸԸñ𡢷ıǵǧǾͻȻܹ˵ҪˣΪãȥɣ˻øãк˽һҲøãӳ㡣
֪ҪҪսǲѣôܴԲѵţǧ˼ΪǵĴȥʹͬ˭ͬˣӣ԰յԾˣ
ҶСɫһǰһֱóӦӦҪˣַĴð̣˷ֲˣǼҲ԰ˣժժȾͲȣ
ҶС¿ַˣŭɶصЩأǿڿΪգЩЩʱУȫǲݽ棡ǲݽ棬ﲻǣ
֪ţжٻ˼ңǧ߰ٶʮ֪ţжһǧ߰ٶʮˣаѮˡĺӣлеĸˡ
ڲɽסʯһңһ߿ˣһʱ䣬ٳĶأ֪ǵжʯͷ𣬶Ǽǽ˫һһűȥĴʯͷˣ˺ˣô˵óڣ
ӦǷˣض꼰㣬ǣΪʲôΪеʷᣬҾΪǺúûţǧĺʷʱһĿʮп˴һ˵ãȼʡһһ֮£ȾĲīһһǹһʸһ޹յѪ
ϽƺסˣҶСһԲҶСһ֣ԲǵİţˡѴ
ҶСתߣϽ׺ȵҪʲô
ҶСͷҲأʲôҡҡңӵңҪľǺǵѪǵ⣬ЦеظǣΪ˻ϵĽɽΪޣޣǿǣ֣˸ߵǼڼ飬漴ʹţ룬ȫϴ
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ҶСû˵ֻǲضϽϣһҪôǰ׼δϧˡ޷ǣǾ㣿ҪһЩŲһѪǰǣȱҪպãǽ췴


51 ƻ
ۿҶСҪߣΣֻøϽ׳˲֮µĽһδӥģȡҶСϣǽһڸѿ³ԳЭѡ
ٵˡҶС٣Ҫͬⲻͬ⣬÷£Ȼ˴ӡ˹һˣԿͷҲδɡ
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ңʲô˼ҶСת΢΢۾ɡ
ɵ˵⣬ܡΪʤһ˲£սʧʲսߵȴϵսͬĵҲԷϡ
¹ţӦ̬Ȳңͳָ͢ʾӦ䡣ĵҡǿ仯ִ磬û˱˽ĸ졢ϸԣԱ£ǡ㡣
ҶСǣҵñ֤Ӧܷα֤ĳϣûƣ͢İã᲻ᷴû豣֤
ҶС˵ֱ׳һԸģҶС첻ľżͬӦҲǣٲ򣬵򲻴ڲ㣬
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ҶСĿһٷɷַð֮·Ϊ˷Ӧ
ɵܶѾҶ̨ǱҲǺ޶ӦķˣԤϣҲܶҶ̨˫˫£Ӧһķˣȵѡ񣬾ǱĴ
ҶС׵ףҸ췴СķڹһսҪݣƯ磬貿ģķͶԣһ̣һѡһΪ״ĵطһɢɳʯ丮ͭʸ
ɵ׾ͺã㲻³çµġ
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ɻô˵ԶϾҲǴӦţ͢ǷҶСһеǻ治˵ҶС첻ҶģԳ͢˵һ磬˵Ǿȫ
ҶС쵭һЦÿɷ
ɵǱжϵ
ҶС˽Ҫȥ
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ҶСһ㬣֪ĺܡǶϷòΡҵС±˾֣ɱʱţޣҲã
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ոն豭֪ʿһ磬һóȥ롣

ҹ˯ʣʱȹɡūϸ˼أиԵС߲һ˫Ь
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չ˫֣һˡҶСƹ磬ߵ£ռ֪ˣձ̻ȥ
һݻţ룿
ҶСȻǻţ룬Ҫȥһ˲ݣһ·ұ㲻ˡ
չһڣ˭ϡˣϸɣЩӣҶɣ⿪ūť¶ūءһ£úõĿȾʺ졣ūѲѽ꣬ū໳С
չϴĲڣɲ˴ȣСȽŽһʡ
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չϼΣܶתʵ鶼ˣ
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ҶСѽͬϽ׽Ľͬչ˵һ飬չĵصô죿
ҶСҡҡͷ¹شЩ뷨ˣ졣¶Ҳרϣصţ룬顣
չؿصţ˭飿ô
ҶСƤЦصҲѽҽҹϥ̸úԲ߳
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ҶСɺô
չδϸ룬ѿڵȥһۣĪ¶ˣ¡ҽҲҪ󡭡
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չˣȻûпͱͨǿĶ࣬ҶСһԵ۵ˡչȻΪװģϸһ˻ţæȥеô˼ҡ˼治ǹģû°ɣ
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ʶֹҶСչҲһؼ֪ʱ˼䣬ԣҶСǲŵģ˫ԣţٲ½Ҫʲô
չӨӨǰҶСܺϴǽϷҲļ޵ѳ죬ҶСˮɡ󷽵رӡŮǴţʵֵŮϣΪߡ
չæֲܾɾʧԳ˵ǣڷԼˣ˯𣿴ˣ
չһδ˻ϲǸӵҶСӽлƵȴɵŭͷ𣬶򵨱˼ҲԼϱһ⻹ûˡ
ҶСƲȣݺݵڷȥһһ룺ûɣӽҹͱĺͥ


52 Ӧ
վţҶСص·һ˯״򿪷ţһۿȴӣϵҶСһҲˣɼȷд¡
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ӦһѾ֪ðԼձַʵ顣ʱҪˣҶСͷĵһͷ
Ӧȷ뷴ˣ֮ǰΪ׼֣Ա磬ϣܹʱ䣬ʱ׼
ӵ͢ɱ䴫ָȥܿʱӦ¶ĸͶõܾϢ͢𸴣ȥɶܿʡ
÷һӦȴȻĶһ˸Ҫ췴ĵط٣͢Ϊʲô˿ǳ͢Ļ֮ƣǳ͢ıƷ
Ӧͷɲһʹһ˴ܿ죬ð췴ģձֳɱ֧ԮʵϢӦĶˣѹֳ͢αֵ
ӦĦȭƣҪҶСĴԱжҪˡʱ򣬳͢ǲʹ˵֪ݿʡ
ӦԶɣŴϢԥҲȥҲȥɶ͢Ȼǲղ󳼵ҵĵҵɲĶԺζ˵ĸɣҪ֤һѵ͢ƽѣգ㹻Ըң
Ǵʱ֮󷴣ʱŴӦӴ׼в㣻֮󷴣Ŵǿ׼㣬ӴӴֻһֿܣ׼ڼ䣬ðձ˫˫ܣ͢ڳȫַ
ַӣʱƷһԹųɴҵߣĪӦʱӦ˶ǰгʤһȺ췴ն˰ߣǰи·Ԩ죻ǰкɽͯǧԪ谱
һʱ׼ˣ۵̡ʵʱѷʮðݺձңԵ׼вƣʱԥǱ費ȡˡ
ӦƷһϯ¶ġǣں·׼Գ͢һƪԴǿеԱԸɷԴǧǰܣԱЧ͢͢׼
֣Ϊ˼Իͬ͢ʱӦ˼ĴҶСˣŻ񶯾ؼ飬ֻҶС˵г̣ҶСɣҲĴͲġ
ҶСԤгʮµĻȥ׼׵ţǱζƶƻҶСļƻִбˡʯ䡢ͭˣҶС쵽ʱҪǲӦ׿ʯ䡢ͭŻţϳȥڻҡ
ҶСתӦʹĻɰľȻһľĵģӡһ⼸뿪ҶСæһֻƵչķ䡣
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չæ룬˵ڵ¼һǶʱҶСԼ䣬չҹװ뿪˿ջ
չȥһ֪ţ˱ϽףҶСǶжʵϽ˵һ飬Ͻ״ʧɫϽչһơҹ뿪졣
ٷ䷢֤ͨΪ֣顢ϡơлרΪݾ֮ãΪ֤ͨ棬ҲֻСơŲʱͽͨʽƣκʱ䡢κηʽж;ô̵ƣƬӣ򵱳ն㣬л
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߷ҲǵҹϨһ⼱дգɫѾ΢˻ӡͨ伱ǣ漴㰲뿪졣Щȥ˿ȴǺ޲òȥˡ
ҶС糿ȴǴݶˣΪʱǲҪȥˡ
ùͣҶСӡ־һۣͷжˡĲٸȥѾܹ֪ܶѶʣڴ̽еĶһЩ˿ǿƶϳܶõ鱨ġ
ִ߽ӲݾԺ˽鱨ˮůѼ֪ΪٷϢԵˮ©ЩطȻ״ҥĵط޷粻ˣҲдмֵ鱨
ҶСܵʹǰǽǧ˵Ľ飬̽һЩǽפĸ·װҶСԶִдһҲζѾȡӦһɵΣָı䣬˼ӦͿʼˡ
ǽפܶ࣬˵һǧ˲ȣϵңټͳͳǡλӡȲó͢Ӫ߰㣬Ŵ廨š
ҶСżȥһͨңʱһЩפӪŸո˲췹ҶС֮ѰʯңԶ˴УģСӾǴĶģȻҵԡ硯
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ԡ硯ð֣ԻȡֻĶУҲټǳԡ硯ĳϾϲɥ磬ֳϾϯҲϤ˳֣׻У׳һ١
ܵӪԡ硯Ҳ̫вˡͬͬկˣ˴˶ϵáֻһЩ˾Զկӣսʿ֮䲻ʶпܻٷԡ
조ϲ硱͡ɥ硱˼ҷҲھͰôһ١һٷйһ·ŭǱӪȫѪյ׳Ҹ̸ʲôͣҪץסѱ˵ʲôӣݶϣ˵ЩԵҲʢš
ҶСѭһһ׷ϵǧˣɴϲǳԡ硱ģèűͷ棬ǱۿҪܽһУԶطɳһľĺ۶ˡӴһҽУſ˵ϡ
عлǧֹȭԶľ˸лһɫ̴Ӣ˲ף񡣿ģӦǰֽţϰգ߽к˸æ
΢΢һЦתԼӪȥҶСĵ⻹Ůɲţӣǧ˵׷нչ
ǧл񣬸ϵǳԡ硱ǰʱʯ˾ѾһϵΧȭߡҶС߹ȥЦؽеϵܣ
ǸԻ룬һԵذ򣬵˼ǧ˸Ϲȥ̧ҪһƨϣлŤͷһϲѽԭҶ֣ô
ҶСЦصҾҪţֵʶһԵǰ̽
ϺƵڵϰļһҶС仰ðΣ̧ͷ˿ʱϲӣһҶˣҶƹ١Ҷϵܣ
ҶС˻Լǰٳƣͷһƣ־棺ô㣿


53 ֪ͬ󳾵
ǧһֹ̧֣կ׳ؿҶС졣˻æǣǰһץסҶС죬ϲһֵܷϣǧң
ǧ˸ЦҶǡѹ㷺С֪ܲҶֵѣˣˡ
ҶС˲ǧ˵ʲôֻǾȵؿǰˣʧ֣㡭㲻ڹ̨ŵôôǱ
ǰԲڣΪͭʴ绪Ȼ߹˸̨žٵٿȻһ̾˵

ֻռǧϳʣµġ
̻ʣҪǹͷˣֻ˦ڣϡ࣬Ƥǣǲ³һǰֻռ˸ɸɾ˱˱յָ
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ٴһҡͷմģѾδϵ
ҶСˣΪʲô
ٵĿȻԶɽӰĬ꣬˻ƵȻ˳˺Уҿ㣬ˣʶ֪໥ϲ࣬ȴ˺ᵶᰮǧ׷ɱ˵ͨһ˫Ů
ҶС죺
ǧλ֣ϲʲôˣ
λðǲ˾ٵĶˣȣֻżܾӹǭɽС꣬ǰ꣬ǡɡԺгǾʹˡ
ҶС죺
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ǧ¶ȤЦ˾ǸСٵĵ̡˾ùʯҹϽǧû뵽֡ȻȥңǱ͸ˡ
ǧ˵˾ôôӵûԷƵģĪǻ㣿
ٵҲȻˣס˴Űˡǰգǲ˾Ҳ֪ôݣԾдŸ̷˾ѯҵ䡣
ǧ²ص̷ˣ
ٵңʶ֣ҰţҿţȻˡ
ҶС죺
ǧ԰̷ȷʶ֣ҼǵиʦүģôҪ㿴ţ
ٻδ쵽ǧ˻ﻰϤλСֵܣ̷֪˾ǸʦүȻʶֵģ뱾Ĵ٣ҪͶ˾̷ʦүȥ˾鼮֮ȥˡ
ʲôǧڵһȻŭ̷ҪʯңͶعȪ
һƣԶԶԣıܴ˾Ҫ뿪ңͶҡףλСֵΪ˷ŭ
ǧŭصҾʯҵģ
ĿɿڴǧԭתȦݺݵ̷̷ǺģֻϹʲôôҪңͶң
ҶС죺
ǧվӣɱڵضҶСҶ֣ʵڶԲסˣСҪϻؼһˣ²ˡ
ҶСǷģְأ᲻᷸˹أ
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뵽ҶС״ǧ˵ϵܣΪҪŻعݣȥһˣһʲôطܹæΪҲʩԮ֡
ǧ˰Ȼ÷֮ʯҶͬȥҲãýֵҵֶΣ
ǧķһưвŮ֮ǰعʱƲۼֶΣضҵı£

ҶСǧǶ뿪㼱سǣһӺһҪȥʱȥǶʲô츮̽ϢҪ
ҶС֧֧صǧ˳ʵڲþܾ
Χʯң֮δǻ¡ӣ㲻𣿡
һ˵Ȼʲôͷţ
ҶȥʯѼ鱨
һ˵ܵؾ;øϵҶ˾ȥʯɣ졣
ʱӶһֱ˳ܵҶСѾٴн䱸ģһĲ죡
ӺĲ˫˫ȥҶСʵַ˵ʯδǻ¡ӣô¶
΢΢һЦ·ϸ˵
ǧ˵ҪʯǹƼҶСҪͬҲõ̫ãӵ˼鶨ˣͷ£ҶСŶϺ˳ǡ
ǧ׼ͣһҶСϾҪʯԼӪ̳ؼկפʱǧ˺Ȼסƥؼկķع
ǧһ𣬸ӪضʱһƬȫүǶڣ˺˭עţο⼸칦򣬴Ҳ֪иؼկؼµλῡεŮӡ
ǧ˫£ȣؼկعǧİģҼ˵ʣûȥһˣ㲢սˣģһͷȥס
ؼկӪ÷׮վ׮ʮ׳̡߲ˤһأԼӪذգһңǹͷˣವһ¾ͰѴ˿ŵذͷܣãİ
ǹһ٣󷢽ʶԴҩԭȥͻȻתԶ˭ҪһԸҪˡ
ô˵ţȴɵúˡλûôƤŵӿ׷ˣĳϵڱףǴδйľҪ˵Ƿ֮ûһôܡ
ѾһʿװҶСߣǧⷬףͷԭֵҲһֶӢϧ֮УҶСؿ˼ҿûз֮
ɫ֮һ֣֪𣬲֪ܣʲôɽ
ҶС֣ԺҪҸɣ֪ͬëһҪġȻ
ٵȻ
ҶСҲ㣬Ҳ㣬һ㣡ȥǽǷǣ
ٴʧɫϸһ룬֣صͷ֪ˣ֮һ֣֪𣬲֪ܣûʲôɽз֮մãΪ׽ʱͬûеɽ


54 ʯ
ɽһУм仹һӡ
ǧƼ·ߵȴ졣Ϊɴʯȥǵ˵ģٺõҲóٶǰУСϧҲ־á
һƥŵĳٶȵҲȳȻгҶСҲտĥ۶ܵȥˣΪ˻ܵǧ˵ĳЦɷҲ̫ء۳彫֮󡭡
ڵɽϣ᫵ĵ·ߵóԾĸоǺܴΪĽ죬ЧãΪ·ãȴҲƽȡ
޲ϵضţҶСƿ͵ֵԶɽȱ˫ȣڳòҶСƽȣһֱԵķ֡
ҶСʯ֮䣬ĪǻʲôǰԵɹʣ
ҶСǸ⣬룬¶˵򵥣ȴҲ򵥡Ӧ˵Ӧ˸ɣҶС쵱Ȼ֪ңңӦԵĽ
ݽ񣬹ʶӦĴ߶һֱСǰʱĴʹ٣ӦЯӡǰɶ٣żʯ˾ӡϡ
ʮʱʮ˾꣬ӦһֻϧֶΣҪӽһλ˾ȴҲסǣӦһƣԼϽΪսá
ҶС룺ǲ֧Ӧλ͵ϼͣϱסլҪӽص檱ࡣһλ˾ӣ֮⣬ûĺð취ˡ
ϵ˫ȻܶˡزݲãٽӦӵʯϵݣμ硣
ӦƴҲ׽ϲصľͰȥ˲ݣǺǡӦķò֪ģֻҪ֣ӳĵŮʵࡣ
ҶС̲ס˵ѲϷ˾˾һñӣ
ҶС˵ţ̲סƿǧˣҲ֪ǧ֪֪£ӣӦǲ֪ġ£Ѵþ˽֪ȴһ֪ģҲû˴ȥǧǰˣϵܣ֪͵ˣӦ˶ɲ岻׵ġ
ڲסһ£ӦȾĴԱ㲻ֶߡ˵¶û˻ģεĺܣ˵ܿⲻˣȻ֪ˡ
ҶСȻһûɶϻҲáöõĽſȥߵˡ磬ɵɩӸһñ֪Ϊοǿ£
ҶСתһ룬ѿ˵ĪǡƷй¶ģ
¶һ˿ص΢Ц£֪Ĳࡣʱ˶ƷΪҵˣϣһ˵ΪЧԲ֪¡
ҶС˼һ£ʮǰƷ޸ӦӦҲûãոյó衣ʱӦȴֿϣȣƱ
УİϢ͸©Ȼᱩ¶Լݡ֪֮־ŭ˰ӽ˻ϧ
ҶС⣬ϧλɣȴҲûƾݡ
ҲĻһŮˣίίһһ֣˵ԼģΪ˰ɷͲϵĹϵŪ֪ˡ
̾˿£Ȼ޷ȷУ޵ġ
ҶС˻ŷ˵Ļɣɵص˵ͷ
ǡãϾȻԼУǣӲžŸ¾ˡ
ҶС쾪ǧˣ
ҡͷǧʱѾˣĵܵܣǧᡣ
ҶСûɵ˿ǧ˸оܺãȻȻƷɡ޴ֵܣȴҲԸѪԵϵ۵㡣
һǸ̾ͷѿͲϵĹϵսӡϰӦҲûԹӦӦ֪ںֿǣȻǧΪӣҰƷһŮǧᡣ
ҶСţǧӦĹ⣬ӦԼŮ޸ĸ磬һԴˡ
ɡĿ˸ֹ
ҶСô
ӦƷҵŮֻʮһ¡
ҶСЩ⣬ϸƷζһʮһ£Ҳ˵ճû£ĸƷֻµȻҲûпܣӦȱŮôôȲ˯һ¶
໥һоڲ֮Уֻ޷֮ڿڡϾܻеģȻû֤ݣҲδ̫
ǣʯסӦҽףֻܿΪ˿ԷǲĿϴӦӶȥɻ󡣿ϧֱڣҲ޷ȷҺҵĹϵá
ҶСͷʯҺͲҵĸӹϵһȷ˽⡣ҶС룺ҺҴδǧ˵ԭ򣬷֪ΪӦ֤֪ӦϵУͷδػӭ֮ˡ

ˮٷᶼݡ˾ݣԲп˾Ǣͼʯ༮ݡ
ǧ˴ҶС˴ҴҸϵʯ˾լҴߡʯ˾۴αȵһҷĽȻԭãǴǺΰĽǽһ۾Ϳóͨ˼ңصȨƵ˼ңɡ
Сӣ˵ȥ˾û죬˾˵ξһͿ
ǧ˴δ˵һ󺺱ʵһҳĿ࣬һףһ˫۾ȴԵüơ
ǧΣæѿĻ⣺м¡
󺺵ĿѾҶСϣλǡ
˵ʴҶС֪󺺾ǧ˵ĸʯʹҴԸǿơ
ҶС켱æǰһֵãҶС죬ǧ˵ѡͭţ˾١
ְ˾ָʹ˾οʹ˾ʹ˾ʹ˾ʹ˾˾֡ҶСĩʯ˾ӵȣĪִֶҪȻ͵Ϲٵǲμˡ
Աݣɫһô˵˼ҶһĴˡԭҶˣʧʧ񣬿˰ϲ裡
ǧͷ̲סֳǰм£
һۣûصʲô£ƨƵģΪ˾̩ɽǰɫĳȡ
ǧ˼̷ҪңͶ˾ˣ
ʲô
һѵŶӣһ߶豭ȵڵһվΪ̫ˮָӷŭһ衰顱һˤ˵ϡ
ǲ豭ˤ÷ҲͰˣֻҪˤ͵ﱭⱭһɾͲεķˮϣ̵ˤ˱˦֣Ƿʹ
ҶС쿴ĿɿڴλǰҲ˰ɡʱ˵ֺҷʲôƢ
һ˶룬ҶСһ⸾˵ʱǰһ֪ҵĵӡϷˣ·һ˵ں⸾˾ʲôģ
Ӧ۹ƷζӹɣǱ֮󣬻Ϊ˲Թɴ޸ŮȥΧͲͬѰˡһȻһ۾ͽ𴲵Ůˣ⻹ͷһνˮĪڴˡ


55 
ŭԻ׼˵ˣǧ˵̷ҪͶȥˡܲգ
΢ЦѽһƢλãôʹˡҪŪȥźá
ҶСһԿţ̬ȣηǶǹ͸ζҪ˵ţȴƽĺˡ
һͨӣʽݻȻֻҶСĿš׾Ӧ۽ĹУȴóϵصֻɫͿʽˡ
ѲüǺ壬ˮһ˵߱سֳһˮδʩۣ֬ȴӨ۰״ơϲһ֧ΣС飬֮װΣȴ˾ǡô
Ϊ鱦Щ˶װεޣϣٶһĸоΨˣͻķζ
ǾҶС쿴üۣϸƷһҪ˵ӨӨݶҪʤ֡ǣôʲôǶȿܸоõģ
üۡǴǲ࿴ŵľߣ߶貿˶ǣѵ˿˿ߣһ֧ëò
Ƥ۰׹⻬һ˿ƣǧѾʮ˾꣬ǧ˵ĸףҪǲ֪ݣ˵ǧ˵׽㣬ֻ±ҲɣΪʵԵ̫ˣǡʮˡ
ҶСĵѹ˾˵Ӧķ£ȴɱֻһŰɣ׷Ӧһ򻨴йº޺ۣңңĸף֮㲻ŲˣȴΪĴ룬ԼŮԴ˴˾ĲɡŮӣ
ϰɷתǧˣǧˣ龿Σ˵
ǧصĸף̷Ҫҡ
¶ЩΣЩЦЩذһ̷ۣҪңЩʲôٶȷ֤ݣ
ǧ˴һƵؿҶС죬ҶС찵ҡͷŤͷȥ١
١
һ˫ϸ۾˿е÷·ϸˣϸϸķ϶ȴоתվǶ²ˣ̬ʳۻƽݣ˭óȫΨһڶľ۾۾һ˫ιǵĵ˼ϷϹȥ
էһϷˣҶСҲһԡλԴ֪ͬһñӣ·ͻȻϣɫжˡ
ҶСЩЦҲ˾Щˣæǰһǡõסһļ򣬵֣˵˾˺ӡ֪
ҶСһ̣ĵĴ˵һģһѹϽѿɫ࣬ҲǰǶֻһۣ뵽ľһ׷󣬾ǰϴȥҲ̫аˡ
һ񣬱ľ˵˳Ǳ˾ǸĿԶկо߱һݶϢͨ㣬ɽկ˵ҲֻݲסҲֻݣſܲկ񣬵֪կӴתͶݵϢ
֪ζ˵˳˾ԽɫԽأЩ飬ֻ֪Ȼ֪Ȼ˾ȴ֪ģǱϾһ
Ψˣӡ֤ⷬŸף˵ȷʵԡ˵꣬˾ŭѵµĽɽݷѣ̷ѣʣҪҲˣ˰

ûصһۣɷ򣬾һ̣һţʵûֹ˾תЦʵ뿪ʱǿ֪ˣ
߽˵ȻرĽںţȴƸоǺæһӦûС̷˾ţдľ䣬֮æһͨԴ֮صݼͶ˵ȻҪȥݷһλףл뿪ˡ
һˣͻ˼ˣýƲסĴغﴵƵġҪŮ˵ģֻե˹һ˿ҲҪȫй˶ϣϹͣѡ
ĿһȻߵ˴ݣԵ츮ȴǰǱ
һ죬ڨȻȣ··һԷֻһˣԷʱһؽصɽϵֵǮ֮ﾡѹȥ
ԭˡ˻Ȼصͷ߻ԣˣΣȷ̷ͼı˰ɣǧˣ
Ҳһ̣
˺ÿü΢˾ԣпܵȻʦүǷţҲ֪ܵࡣһҲпܷŻѾй¶
ǣһֿܣǾ֪뿪࣬Ҳ֪ҵܣϾ˽˵֪ģҲ̷࣬˵й¶
üȥģ˵ʲô
ĵһЦϢѾй¶ôǻ䲻⡣
ҶСѾ˵⣬һۣаŮˣ򵥣
˵֮ǿǧ˴ȥҲãɽѹǿƱءѲΪɽ̷޷
ȻӼȴҲǺĻ򣬵˵ȥ
˵ͬʱǧʴ󣬵ǧ˽ѣɱ̷á㲻ܣֻҪɽ·ų̻ѶţǧʱɽС̷ۣн䱸زʱǧǧֵٺϱһǿй򣡡
ϲƵơǧˣ㿴ô
ǧ˷ܵصĸƣãôã
Ц𣬵Ǿôţկ£ǧأȥǧ
ǧ˸ǷӣǲҲҶСˣţŽصش죬һҴԺƬȿɳ䵱УҲɳ䵱ĿԴҴҸ
ȳۣ͢͢ṩһӦСأƽʱΪսʱΪСʳƥҩȫҪԱġ
ҶСһпվڴԺϣۿеľٶҶС̲סλˣǲͬѰƬ̹򣬾óơ
صƲߵǲûз֡˲ӣӡ
ҶСʲô
ӣ᲻˰ţ
ҶСѿھ˵ѹ׵ķţһ룬ͻȻסڡ̷թһЩ˽䱸ȴǧɽأų䲻⣬˼Һγ¶֣
λˣòƸûֿܣûǰĳ֮ءĴǧȴʴӦģǧ֣ͿԻӾɱǧʧܣҲû֮ա
ֻҪ̣գʼնû˿ԥȫȻĹǰѶͽأһĸ׸е̬ô
ҶС첻λȥУǰһ߸ߵ̨վ̨һǣĶǧżСǧ᰺߳ߣ񣬱绹ҪӢ֡˰ϵŰ˿УɫУ͵һĸ׸еı֡صǧ˰
ҶСתۿǧˣǧ˺͸ȭһʿƵмʿڴ󣬸ƺЩȵ̬
ҶСˣԸӣûĻĴϴ֡
Ŀ˸ȻҶСʯǰһʵĴ˾ԦǱȿ壩ڸرȿ˾УǾأһӦͭʡʯأдȿ
㵽ֹҶС֪⣬΢΢ͷǧͷ࣬һҪģ


56 
˾կλɽϣɽҲǵ䣬կȨƵͷˣסɽϡկҪ
ϣһһҶСţկ˽ľկկ¥ͻأɽ֮Уһɫͱڣмֻһխկš
ҶСĹؼڣĻʵôǲֻҪסǵկţɽٶ࣬Ҳɽȥ
üͷϸ룬ôں䣬ֻ϶ѣɽϵؾĹ⣬ĻֻҪʮˣصסկӣ
ҶСҲüͷ̷Ȼʯ˾Ĵ㣬ǧ˴Ǵʲôӣû˿ġʯҲ֪ıϷǧɽɽŴû˶أǧɽկһأⲻͨʱ򡭡
ҶСŻٶȣĳӵ˽ǰҶС˳˵͵һҶС³ǰȥ
ҶСһҲǧˣ˾ʯ͵ģҶС޷ǧգҪἡԳβ̷ƺģҲλ˾ǰҫһʯ˾ԱӦˡ
ǧһңףɷ硣Ȼǿ׶ֻͿƤôصһףʲôɽƽԭϳ
ǧˣ˵ἵɽկΪҪһ򵱹أĪҶС׷ǧˣżɽص
ǧ˰ȻûйƵıݣʲôһ򵱹أĪô˵ֻѴЩˡ
ҶСˣԣСĴἣֺαҵʿǰȥأ̫صĻδòʧ
ǧɫѵ˸ѴܲФǶԲڣԼٶˣⳡҲô򣬶ұӮ
ҶСĵ˵ͷࣺϵܣҵ˼ǲ򣬿СĴռἣֺαǿأǺǣԹɶһƥ˵еͽܹȡʱҲµġ
仰Ȼܶǧ˵θڣһԹ֮ΪżλжǧӦҲҪͶֿܷжȥڿɽկӦϣһ̷࣬˿СĴȡľկ
ҶСӵǧˣľկɽ·ֻһྡͱ£ɽһͻȻס̷ֻ࣬Ҫסɽţʱܹɽֻһغˣ
ǧķƵصɷʬѰ¶սɱв˵ģ
棡⻰˵̫ˣҶС쾹Զԡ
ҶСЦŵȻҪ֪ȥǳͽ̷ģҪϣʱӲʮҲҪ߳ɣȻʤҲǲʤ
иõİ취Ѫеضȡľկ񲻸ãһһս˭ˣҲҪָһ䣺ȻΪĺˣ
⻰ǧ˰ȻͶã˵סǧ˵ʱһҶ˼бõô
ҶСĵܺôȫ֮ˡ
ҶСǧˣһ·һ·˵Լ⣬ǧͷҶС˵꣬ϸ˼һ󣬾ȷʵã˷ܵص˼ƹȻἣȻķ۹
ǧ˿Ц˲ߣҶСȻȥ
ǧͷҲص󷽳ȥ˵ȥ˵֪¡
ҶС·ԣŷȥǧҡͷĳʻͣ£΢Ц飬߲Ϊһ˾һΪһѣ
ҶСһ룬΢΢ͷ

ʯҵ˾ۡԭʽҲһ˾ã˾ţڵȵȡ
Ŵһʯģһ顰˹˹ʯͬ˭ǳӣ佮丳⡱֮ţֻݹٸͷѲʱŴ򿪣ƽʱߡ
źǴԺΪұΪηֻǿط˺ͱʿסĵطηҲȫ֣֮ҲŮ֮
þ˾ʰ˾ĵطոãһ˽ǦİʰӵҲ򵥣ûг͢һϽǷǶԴú̷˾үһ֮䡣
ʯǦʯ˾𿪲ɣÿϽɳ͢ǧһʮǦʯ˾СҲĴݵ֮һ˾Ȼ൱Ȩǳ͢ͳ᳹ҲԸס
Ǳߵ˾ǰ˰ǺѵģĴѳΪ̬ԣĴս˾˰ǳ̬ǱߵǻźľȨƹ֮ҲӥѹΪصԭ
ʯ˾ұǦֶκÿǦ࣬Ͻɳ֮͢ޣʯ˾ҪԴ֮һԶǦıһӣҲѹԵ߷ǳջˡ
Ǿ̫աߣǡЬӡ̡֮Ǳߵ˾ϲʹð˶ʯҿĿ̲ͬߵ˾ϲáЬӡ
һ˫Ьڷ˽ϣպ壬÷ʹбıֱʹ಻ص˻ʹ֮ͬ
ɰ߷Ȼػ˺լ֮Ƕã˾ʦүǵİ칫ڻʦүǵסþ˾ˡжǽӴҪ͵ڣϼճۼڡ
ϼԵ˵˼İӣʱ˶һϽӹصһѸ
֮ⲢζζصܲϲƫƫȴϲΪ庢ƵĵƢ󣬻Ҫ
̵ӸãεţҩƵģźһȸɣݸϣȻһЦѽĪҪʱʱŭһˣܷſػ
Ͻų˻ϵЦݵʱʧˣת֮ɫȡɷйͬԵĵطʵڲ࣬ϰߣ̫Ĳһ˵ɷϲʳô̵Ӹ;ôֱɲԶǶ
ƵģذǸ񡢷Ŀιӣ̸¡ʣ˹ŵغʱӣжʱһȣɷȴ³жô˼ұȣ
뽻ˣûػǻԼסϸϸ˼Ӧı£ٱڼǧӦڴңӦɾʹҵŶԡǣ˾ȨƥҲֻᴫǧˣǺã
ϳٽᣬ˼ȻոİӣһǦǦ϶ֽţǷһ˫ءţϽ¶ݶɫ

ľկɽϣɽǵмС䣬Ҳ˾丽һЩأȻƶ񤣬ЩׯҲܺڣ׳˼˵ŪĶأҲܰȶա
Ȼɽ·ԵǸ·ڣ̽ͷ̽Ե￴˿ɫŤͷһԵĹľԡҶСڹľ֣Īţԣ̾뿪
ֹˣԼһ˾ӹӵĴӱܲ׷ɱֻͶҶСܱΪؤҪΪҶС¶ԳԼļֵ
һųͷӴҶС˹ľԣæ·һʯͷ£һȥַţ˵ӡǴһ٣ȵصӴⲻү˵үȥ˺㣬ôֻˣ
ҿסľկڼмĳɽ⸽ѵóָˣԴв˶ʶǸ򿴼һ۾ϳɽ֣ĿǸݡ
һ˶˵̬ȣŵʱһɣһû¶ٸϽһѾ·ϴһգȥʲôӴ
ͷӦˣû¾ͺãû¾ͺðүҪɽ
ǰǮ粽Уܲһ·ַȥѰɣԡֻˡȱͱһ
ָָȾѪĵطһ·Ҳʹڵɽ£ǹɾһйʵ߲ˡܲͷһɽұ͸ŶǸͶȥ
ӵĺܣ˵ĿүݣȻ˿ڣܲæûлͣҪȻҪȥȡˣٽһھӣֱ̧ɽˡ
ǴӦһҴɽˡӰʧɽ֮˿ľУҶС̽ͷΣҾ˵㲢δ¶ɣ
ҶСƶԴһٲߵģһ뿪ġʱţԾ֮£磬Ȼλ˾ʱͨţһ߱һһͨѰʺšĻ̷ʦүˣδĵ̷Ҳȡţʦүٿһ顣
¹ȫûҶСôֹۣص˵̷㷢ŵ࣬ҲûҪ˵ɽһ֪
ҶСЦôɽկ壬иƨ¶ܱ˵ϡ¶˲̷֪Ѿ֪ݣ֪ܲ
ٻ˵ҶСţֻţҿһδ㣬֪ˡ
ٲĵصһǱҪɽأ
һԺǧ˵Դݺݵصһȳɽò˶֣һˡһֻ־ܶԸǱף


57 Īȡ
᫵ɽ·ϽһӰǰǸ򣬺һݵĺӣһɫĿӣʮ꣬ٺˣһǰһ̧һ߻Ͷ
һƾôˣʱģһվɽ֣һһԹľвŵҶСС̷˾Ȼûз뿪ࡣ
ҶСڹľжţվֻʵ˼ˣ
˱ѶĴֻұֶܺ
ҶСǧ˴ƣǧ˵ͷƶ
Զͺè磬Ҿ˵һܣ㲻Ȱ³˽ѵɣ
ҶСڹľ£è磿
һҵ
ڴǸ˵ŻŰɽΰӵϰߵǳơ˽ǰſȫò㣬ͷɫĴ̻ԲۣŹϥȹԲȡ
һزݹֵ߹˳ͷ壡
¶Цݣ񣬶
ߵǰеصè磬˵ôҳ򡣡
ܶԼģвæģģ˵Ѧ˵ʵأΡ
ͳͳ˵꣬ӵǧ˾ʹӹľ˳һеȡһȣ߰˸ֵǹĲҲ׷״ӹľԺı׼һˡ
ѦĿɿڴͣݹճ촽ϣ૵صԲۣٵĵԽԽٵľկ
ʱǧѾƤƵף˱װȻ̫ȻҲʺһ濴ǧ˻Ŵ󵶣ٶȺͳͳ
ͶϽ˫һ٣ԭ̧Ļ͡顱һڵϣһֻ͵ȶǧ˽ϣǧ˵Ƥ͵س鴤˼£΢΢ЩŤǿûʹڣƻͽ
λһ˵
ҶСӹľЦضٵıܺͱֶ˵ԱǸͬĿɿڴСסڴˣһӣԶҲûʮ֮ĵط񾭴ֵĺܣֻǾȣûж־塣
ߣ
ǧ˸ƯĵӢ˫ĿɽһɣҶϺ󣡡
ҶСǧ˵ĲѺѦԼŅ̀ŻͶһ֡
ǧ˲صӥǹˣɽ϶ȼ˽Уǧбȥ
è磬㡭ǡ
ѦΪĿǼģۼҶСһΣͿ˼ҷĽǣǱƺǿһġ
ܲ˼˴֣Ѧ߹ĶԲס㡣أôʵҲΪáССľկôܺʯ˾࿹أ˾֮ŭ֮£ѣҲǲϣ̷ǣۣȫѽ
Ѧ۾ʲô֮£ѣʶ֣̫ף仰˼ŪˡѦʱɫһ䣬Ȼǲǽٵģүˣ
ҶС׵Ȼǽصģߣǧçç֮Уһɱľկʯ٣һ⣡
ǧ˱ĵѲôˣšءĲӣһ߹Ҷԣֲ٣ǰ꣬ἴѲӹϵ𣿡
ѦǰǼǧˣһ˳ÿ죬þЩҲû룬էһûʱʣϸ˿Ծ㡭Ǵү
ͶԾؿǧˣٻ࿴ͬȷʵҴү

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˾Ӧ̷˾ÿֻɲӸ
ǧŭʯ˾ÿɵ˰Ҳֻв޼ΪôôʯͶݣ
Ѧ¶һ˿ΣľկɽһǦ󡣡
ҶСǧ˻Ȼʯ˾֮ǰΪἶµ˰׼ǰἵʱľ״ȷģʯ˾֪ǦƱزܻǰı׼˾ӸԼʲô֣ͶԼˣƲšǡ
Ȼʵ˾֪ἷǦһ£
Ѧҡͷ֪ǵֻںɽżȻ˿أ٣ֵֵÿɣڶֿ֪غ̷˾ǴطšǺһֱǵ˾Ǣ̸Ͷˡ
ҡͷһѾͶ˾ʱֱ˾֪ӵпأΪ˾ͲѰҽڸıԼʱѾû·˾Ȼ˺ٳŵѵˣߣǷֵĿعɿֵֵÿɣڶ֮䣬ͼűˣǻ裡
ҶСΪһǮҲɱ˺ġοһܵĿǵ˴лõĺôްɣ
ѦЦ˾ϵķ֣Ȼ̷˾ЩСĿǷ󲻵ʲôôġÿɵĲҲֻͶݺϽڴ˾ļˣǽɸ̷˾ģȴɲһ
ҶСͬʱɴ۾ģԹһˡ̷˳ԶʳµûϸΪľկȻҪҪδؾжѣϾҪڣҲҪȥء
ҶСϱѦĿ̷˺ôȴ˿Ҳȡһʯ˾ȴʯ˾ַ
ѦЦȽ˾Ӧ̷˾һǾͶǻɱǡ
ҶСǻûʯ˾ıѾˡ
ѦĬ
ҶСѦҴеòֺôҪ̷һеգοգɽ㲻ҪԹȷʵǰѦҡ룬̷෴ˣûаֺôͶ˾һɽկ֮󣬲꼰Ѧҡڶй֮һûзô
ǧ˵ἾȻұͶˣһἣЩ涼Ҫġҳ£Ϳӹһ١
ҶСø첲һǧˣǧ˻⣬ּһ䣺һ̷ұˣҪչֱӹϽģʱҪ˾ش˴ġշľկҿҵ󣬷Ϊľկ˾٣ش˵أ
Ͷһ۾ʱˣѿڵű˰ɣ
ϽǫѷǸҸɣǸүɣ
ԣү㻹ԥɶ
ѦƬ̣¶˾ģˣүǡҾ͸롭ҰǴɽţҵ£ҲмҺֵܣҿɲҵ
ĻѦĿðգֻæ̷ɽˡ
ѦĿɽ⡭
ĿҶС죬ҶСһ˵ɽ´УҲһĿ
Ѧǣô
ҶС΢Цͺðˣ㡭
ҶС츽Ķ䣬һͨѦ˫һͷǡ


58 ʽ
ͶɽϱȥǴСסɽϣÿﲻɽɽɽԽ룬˫Ƚýɽ·᫣һ·ȥɣƽء
ۿҪɽկſڣȻͣסŲڲݴж״æҲѧ̽ͷ̽ԵɽϿֵ磬զɽͣɶ
°ͣ˵ôȥ᲻Ե̫ˣ
զ˵
۵Ŀˣ԰ɣ
԰
Ȼɽȱˣզһڵ߰æأ
ǲΪѣ̷˾˵ô
۵ƨ⻰ֻԼ̷֪ܵү˵ô
ԳԵصǡô죿
һת֣̽ͷֹһ޵簡⣡۶࣬ѹҳðף˵ĶԣСӣûкӣ
ž˶һͣ۵
ֱ׳صҸող˵ôϷҪһ
Ȼԭˣһ̧֣һǳھʹ˶۾ϣһֻۣԶôݣ
Щù̷˾ô
Щ˵һȭӳѪֵܻӶȭţ㼴Ź

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կŵͷĿд̷ţһСǸ̷Сġ̷Ͷ˾Ȼ϶ʽ֮ǰʯҲ֪Ҫķʩȴ٣ɽ
񹭶һƣǸոɽѦֵܣַˣһƶ˱ףֻƵģԭǶͶ𰡣Ǹϵɽʲôȥôôģͻˣأ
磬ҵĿˣ
ƽ޹ʵģʲộ
ѿڵҼɽЪŶżȻֲݴзһطЩŹ֣֮¾أȻһѽҼϵ֣˵ǽ֣
һס죬Сװסˣ˵ĵϷֵģӦùҵϣ˾͸ˡ
ָָԼδɵıѪ㿴㿴ҵǱġ
ĶĿݵˣ˵̷ͬ˾٣ͷ̧ͷģʲô¶ֵǴ֡˵ˣװסһ㶼ףнֵĽô
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һȣɪһ£ݺݵĵܵһۣŲ鲻ԸصҼ˵ǽϡšʡ֣ӦǰѱҲ֪ǵ˶꣬ɺࡣ
ʣʽʡ
°һ룬˫һؽеʽʣĪǡĪǴĻʵ۵ı
𿴴Ҳʶ֣Щ²ʶҲ֪ġ˵ʣʷԶԪĩһλܡԪĩ´ңȺ۲𣬰һλ䣬Ҳ췴μٻԵϵһԪ˧
ɱٻΪۣ䲻Գ¤ƵۣŴģ졣ĹԪ谵ĹڰһΪһҲйѲ˵Ĵ˵һ˵ʽϾ뵽λĴĻʵۡ
˷ܲѣѵ𡢶ʽѦӵеģЩȥ÷򣡡
ԸغɽţȲŶɽկߣ̷˾ű㺰үүϲ£ϲ°
ڶ𡢶ǰڿ÷򣬿̷࣬ɲףȻ̷ȷʵ˯ӡ
̷ʦү㱨ȥ̸еĽһͨ󺰣æֹʦүվڽϵСеģʲôϲ£
æӭȥĶߴߴһԭ˵ķʽḺ́һ˵ʱɫʣʲôݴкȻϼ򿪵棬һڿնڿСһλ۾ͷ𣬱ׯϣ˵˵кӦ˶˽ϵ̳ơ
˵ݣһڼڼ̷Ļŭš
̷ྪϲ棿
̷࿴Ͷ񣬵۾˵ģ
Ͷ֪˵ʲôֻܰͷ㣺һû˾үĿҵأҵ˾үֹүȾҵɣ
ãмˣɽ
̷˾˵˶гϰߣЬӵġУҲֻЬӣδϣʱһ߼ߣһЬӡ
ʦүò˾ߵıӰʦү̣ʲô°
̷ͷûأڰֵҵţһͻ


̷߰˸ˣɽ·ڣҴ䣬ʵСӣĿܡ
ǰһѸɺԵıѪһվ˾үߣ壡
̷༱ظҪӣľͻȻԾһ׵Сдһᣬݵغȵͳͳ
һȣݴԾʮǹᵶ̷һȺΧסǧհĺܣ뵽̷࣬Ͻͷִˣʱվĺܡ
̷Ŀɿڴֻǻ񽫣һʱڴ񻰹ﻹûɻؿǧˣûҴүϵĿʵô£
ǧǧӵִܱУɽųѶţǧ˵һѾ˹һǧᣬ˸߲ҵүү̷࣬ѾɱɽȥˣүȥӦ
ǧʮ꣬ĸϵһЩܶδ˵֪ǧ˵ĹϵȻһ㣬ɴҲֻǽĸ֮ԣȫԼһŻ񣬲ûпӺֵ˼
ʱǧŵһ˵֣ʲô̷࣬Ȼɱɽȥ
ǧ˸߲ҵذһǧĵôף˹ʺˣǧ᲻еĹͶһռȥϽһӣȵɱ
һʱҲ˲ˣǧɽХһľկ
ľկĿ˵ɽƺжӷɽϿŨŨڸȴҲʲô֮վģ˼ɽȥ
ߵɽ߲еһлͷһŵһһӵɽȥֻԶͷܶ˸ĺɭɭĿҲ֪жٱľկɱ
ֽһߣ˹ɽկ
˫ȣܵկŴͼկŴ󿪣һȻŭЩ˶Ȼ͵
æկ¥ҵͭӵۡ˼£ۼƵĵѾ˵ɽ£ɽϾæɽܡ
ĿȱȲ׳ΪĿƽʱ˶ĵط࣬ܵü࣬ܽɽկԶͼ̷̷˾˾ſڣֵʿ
ϲæȥһһߺ˾ˣ
̷౻ʯҵʿЮվ·ڣۼС˽ȥˣпɬޱȡ˺̧ͷһͼŵצسǰ棬߲ԶʯźɱȻŭ˾㲻Ȼң
ʲô
һ޹ؿ̷࣬еǧ˹ݺһĺϣӴһеַɳ̷ֱࡣ
¹ȻˣֻڵҲ̫Щӷɳȥۡһ̷ؿڡŵûûˣʧеţ˾үɱˣ
̷ֻʯ˾աʱŰǧСһҲⷽ¶Բʶһ֪ɱ̷ࡣ
ǧϲݺһ̤ϣٵȵƨɱģ


59 Լͬ
Ī̷ֱѺɽ鲻Խ·߲ݴ￴һۣʽĹ¸˺ӡȻ֪Ǽٵģ˴ʱ̲סȥǶľһء
ݵϵȻûпӣıˡС˾Ѵ˾ūūץסĽֻ·һġЬӡóЬﻹճõѪ⡣
״̫пᣬڴٷֻն׺ͽ׵̷̷̫пᣬ֮˵еĽگãҶСǺι۵ġ
˿̣ϱı֮£ʯұѪеؾ͹ռἣⲻʯҵұ˴Աʯֶļͥлġ
ҶС˾֮ǣл˾̫ˣ˵ѦĿ壬ֻΪǧϵܳ˸⣬ʵڲҾӹ
ѦһæϹϾվ𣬶ͷһһġ
ŭǳӷģȻ˵Ϊ˾˴󹦣Ͼ̷ˣмƱתΪЧģ˾Ƿδһǰǲȷġ
ӡ
Ȼߴߴ˾ίΣἳ˾֮İţ׼ȷ˵гһһԺ˶ӵĴ㡣
۵Ҫǵ˳٣λӽ϶Ҫǵģʱͽ۵İ࣬
ƾʲôϴҪ˾Ҳ㰡ôֵң
۵ʱȻѦĿôʱ˵Щʱˣϻοģӣôѵܹ˼ҵĺΪ˴λͷѪȴǫáĻЩζˡ
Ǵ磬㻹ҵ϶Ӱ࣬٣أһŬɻүɣ
ҵģ㻹ǰĵ˾ɣ
ŲҪ˾һ˱飿
㡭ҪȰ۵һ
۵ôˣ𣿡
ʱҶСᵽѦѦæǫѷͳһҧгݵģ
ӯӯһֻʢƵѦѦܳϽƱһעŨľ˱Ƕ
ȻѦĿ壬үȻ㡣ֻҪҵģȻᵱԼ˶Դ
Ѧ־ϲæǷл˾ˣлˣ
ȳŮζһ˾ǰǶ˾õ˵㣬˾ķˣѦ̧ȥһ㣬ټһӣĺܡ
Ͻһӣһƺȸɾ΢΢һЦתȥĽë΢̻֬ѩĽϴŵЦ⣬ɷһƳȻæѦңҲ㣬Ἵͽˡһּ͢Ϊἳ˾٣
Ѧһ߲һڵأϲߵͷл˾ˣ
Ͷϲĺϲ£ͣѾһòĸɻܿңˣȻǰߥһ

صԼסҶС˺ܻ鰡ίѦΪ˾˾飬Ѧһϡ
͸ˣɷĴ⣬ģӵĻΪӡˣɷҲѰڬBΪҶС£ҶСỳǵġ
֮ǰŹʱ˿ⳤȴԲһյĴ꺮ůҶС˺ܲõӡټ֮ǰ˵Ϸ˲ظҶСȻԶˡ
δȥˡΪǿĽᷢӣӡˣҲıһ߹ݡ
ͬͬĸĸҲиƫĸһЩ⣬˵ΪƫһһӶ˿飬Ȼ࣬ȴҲûС
ҲˣҲڻиӵĿܣƫƫЩǲõȥ͵ģйصΪȫԵȥ
ֻǿ̾˼˵Ϊ˱ԣתĵ⡣۲죬սΣ
ҶС룬׸˾һЩ
΢΢һЦսܺһս
ҶС˵ͷ˴ιռἣҪǹ򶷲ң޵ļν棬ǿҲܿǵսװսսЩҹѷɫ
΢΢ͷЩ棬ǰ˽ĸһЩصսȷʵ¡Ӧ⣬ʱսȴѰ˾ǿϲֹһ
ҶСΪһ裬˷֮Ӧû͢ô㿴͢ӦΣ
΢΢۾ή˵ҰԡǴװս;ϣȴֻҰߡ˳ߵʵӦҲ޼
ҶСĻ͢ӵбƵġ
һЦӦȴӵеʱʱ˺ͣӦռֻ͢ռһ
ҶСͷԳ͢Ӧ֮ڣֻҪ͢ð֮ңٴӮ˶季ӦʱҲͲˡ
ԣӦһԥŹµĻᡣ
ҶСĿâһӦӦǻıԻѷɫôȻô뵽ȷӦѵ벻
ҶСصɫȻһЦԣھ⣬ڼܹȷжϣȻھأҾӦ˹жϣδأ
ҶСǰҿ׼꣬һ£·ʤӵ£׶֮أһ侲жôʧͷκһĿԶһЩӰҵжϡ
ҶСͷϸ룬صԣҵκξٶܴ̼췴Ҳܴʱ췴ͷ
ĬĬͷҶСͷʱڱ̽ǰô˵ֻ֮ΪԼţ룬㲻°Σ̫شˣΪӥ֮ܣ͢˽Եɣ˼Լġ
ҶС첻ءηûôǿҵҾ֮ηԼĵ±׼ȥԼĿ£޷̹Ȼȥ
ҲԴ֪ͬŮɱṫӵİӣܴˣͷܺϡ࣬ΪһŮȴܰһᣬȻɱ竵ԭĵı׼
оĬֻ͵ʱĵƻϸ΢ãͻȻͬʱ̧ͷѿ˵ͬʱһ٣˵仰ڣͬʱһ
ҶС磬Ҹ԰дͬʱչʾ
ȻӦʣҶСȥȡ˱պīһֽдһ֣Լдֵֽ˵һߣǰҲдһ֣תγҶС죬ͬʱֽŴ򿪣ϱīһд֡
Էд֣˲ԼͬЦˣͬʱȻӢͬ


60 ϷϷ
α棡
Լ棡
дֻһ֣˼ȴ޶£˲ɻһЦ
Ϊ֮ڣ͢ڲӦӦ췴ʱ䣻ţ벻ȡó͢϶ԸӦȻӥ֮֮Ա֮ȨǰͬǲܱƷӦ
ôҶСôأȲ볯͢϶ԸӦֲţ뱻Ӧʴֻ̲ǣƲͳ͢ĹϵԶԸӦ
һͻᱩ¶ݣӦ֪ҶС첢ûбȡ
Ӧֲһ֪ҶСʵҶС죬ô׾ͻ뵽ȻҶСû᲻ϱ͢ô㱾ᣬĴܶѲҶ˫˫鵯ʱҲܲΪ
ҶСҶСѾȥ͵֪Ӧͼ췴࣬в೯͢Իȡ͢ĵݴƶϣӦ׾ͿԵó͢ѾıԸĽ
£Ӧ޵ڶѡ񣬼ͼذ֣Ψоһ췴ԣҶСʵڻܱ¶Ȼܱ¶ζԸӦ
Լ棡ӦҶСðҶС죬ţ뵱ȻҲðҶСðҶС졣
ֻӦһֱΪðҶСҶСʵȴҶСһֱҶСðԼ
£ҶСͿһϷϷ
ҪҿԼݣɿԼðҶСҶСᱻҶСʶơΪάϵţȶṫҶС족ݣΪƵһܡ
ӦʱηӦأû֤ҲûɽҴҶСʵҶС࣬ưͳԻֻݿ࣬Ҫ뷽跨ȳҶСӶΪԼá
ҶСӦõǷӵ˼£ʱɲҧһڷͰݣȻեȡ裬ռıˡ
һıҼȻıϣϧشһ𣬲߻˶ԸӦֶΡ

츮ӴĲռһ鱨ʱҲջصջĲһ죬ȶˣ˸࣬ѹҪҶСȥʯ
ӲмƲƲ죬ƨΪ˰ͽҶС
ĲһͽҶСǰĺˣƺòŰͽҶСɣ
ߵôǷҲһڵˣϧ˫ȲȱҲˡվ£ķ𣿳͢ҲҪ治ǣٶˣѵȥ̺
ӳԳԵЦһֵΪĻţǾûϵˡǸǸҶСأȴ˷һøֲԼĲ㣡
Ц˴յһ̱ӽϹӵȣϹӽ̱ӵ۾һ·
ĲһۣҿɲͬòŰͽҶС˻ʵۣҾǴ֮Ҳһ֮Ҫ£Ǹô
Ĳϲ˵Ķ԰ǰ˵ϻˣ˴٣ɲҪСѽ
ļЦصأǻ飬ҷɻڴģ

ҶС˰ޣҶС췿ˡϴ棬˸ǶͣҶСðͣ͸ȥ˾˵زݵĴ㡣
ӦŻ˽Ĵ˷һҲӦ˲ʹͬʱҡ
Ȼ벥ҽãȴ˾һĽᣬǽ˾ҳӣ͵ڰԼһߣʱӦԲ˼飬ȻǹƼˡ
ҶСҵÿǧֱͦͦվǶϵ˾ŭ塣һԣɫ䵭
ҶСˣȡ´󹦣ղŵõĿ佱ôһʹ𰡣
˾ɸֵص˶һۣҶСԼĶ
ҶС쿴ǧˣǧֱ׳صȢҵȥƸɵ
žһӣȵʲôݣؼŮʲôݣӵĳӣҪ˾ģҵӡô
ǧߺߵصôͲҾϲƯ书Ҳã÷֮ҲֻŮӲң˼ҵĹҶҪҾҪȢ
Уĸ֮ý֮ԣɵԼ𣿿ܣܵȢǲӦŮҵĳӣȢϱܱˣӻ󣬸ƺڱ˭ɤŶߡ
ҶСף˵ǸŮŵڣǶϮ˾ү˵ݾͲԶˡ
ңһģȻӦףԼŮ޸ǧᣬǧ᲻ӵǣӦ岻ס϶ǧᣬȻƫӶһЩӽžȻóȢһݵλӦ֮Ůϱ
ҶСˣҵļ£˵һˣǲġ˵һңҿɲֱܲԣ
⻰Ӻ˵ϷȢϱΪ㲻ֱԣϷͻ㣿
ҶСɫΪĺöϱһ׷Ī׷Ī¾ҪԹҽʷᣬȴδֱˣ
ɴ۾ؼŮʲô˲Ϸʯ˾Ϊϱ׷Ī
ҶС˿֪ؼկǧˣλعϸֵܣȴկ񣬶˲һѺ֣
ź룬úɵҶСһδʮ߰СǺǣҶ˾Թʵ˰ɣ
ԹʵҶСλﻹϱͬһֻ֧Ҫһأһ֧ս޲ʤؼկǸկ˲࣬ڵر߰˸կΧţɾΪλعΪؼկһ֧ޱȵĶ飬޵֣ûһ˸Сؼң
д£
ҶСȻǧϵλڵ˸˽⣡
ҶСϧصϧλˣؼŮӡίһԵףܵôŮΪޣұݺǭ޵ˣϧϧ
ҶСһĲᣬǧ۾ιιιҶ磬ҵѣޣϷҶСûصһۣĵڰ㣬㶼ô
ҶСһϯ˵ĴΪ⶯ɵŮ
ҶС֮ԣв֮һʯĴǰʮĴ˰ɣ٣˼ֵôŮΪϱһԾΪһ˾
ĶȻʲôƯʲôܴһĲֵҶС˵ϱȴҲܴġ˴֣Ըܼҵȥж׼һ£ϷҪŶ
Ķξ˾Ŀã仰ҪȥطһãǷҶСˡ
ǧһôԸʱĻŭţҶСڰæֻҪȥݣع˽⣬һϱֻҪϵʯ˾ףؼҲ޲Ӧĵ뵽ձȻܿҪΪԼϱǧĻŭţ޲̾͸ȥ츮ϲѶ
ҶСЦۼΪʵҪɳϱҪȥźáҶĳ߶ˣҪ˸ǣ죡
ˬصϷҪȥݣҪȥ죬ͬ·һ߰ɣ
ǧȸԾҲȥ
۵ȥʲôӻûӦأ
ǧתת롭ȥ죬ͳ֮
Ҫ̳ļҵģȻܴĻᣬɲ֪λع죬ⱦӵĻѾ˼Ҵˡ룬ͷˣǱһ߰ɣ
ǧ˴ϲҶСȥ׼װһУҶСͷȵشһȭЦصлҶְæǧ˵Ĵýˣݶ飬Ҽ
ȶһߣ˱ʵڵǦ󿪲֮ߣ㿴
ȥݿһ±ҶСһ仨λ׼ϱϾ룬һ˼⣬ҲɣǾȰ˵İһ°ɣ
ǳǳһЦصǣ
ۿլ˴׸һĨɷ³ȤɷޱˡҶСؼŮı£˸ӵģһɼңʸļôһܸɵҪֵץʱˡҸ𿪲ɵǦϣ
ӰʧˣһЦҲתȥӦڼܰʯҽĶڣɲҳ谮мô
뵽ͷһɻȣĽϸһĨŮ̺졭


61 ֱе
ҶСһԽӽ죬ǧ˵ͱԽܣ⣬·պ˶Ͼơ
̥ǵı仯Īǧ˱һüһʼӽδʲôģһЩİ취вսʤֻĸϻǿڵӣ˭Ҳỳԡڰ֮С
ŶҸ˷ܵףͷҲȻһ֪λعǷҶСǰ˲𣬿ǿһҸҡ
ߣλعûҶС촵ôãҲΪϱɣֻҪϲ
ϣԶԷΪûõƾʵݣֻȫĻɱܵ˺ǡΪԼĻԲöӲԼĺ󳾣ԲŻڼ˶ҸЦ󣬶ҡ־
ҪΪʯǸС˾ʯֱϽʮկɽ֮ǳ¡顢ߡ¡ޡ壬ɽ̷֮ΡȽ塣·ҡɳϪ˾ʯΪ˾ڴ
λʵ֮ݵĴѷ򵱳ҲڹʸӦֵˡֻĴ˾ȻӵмȨֱܳ͢ӿơӰĵطҲ࣬ȹ˾ңˡ
һ˾ڿǼ˵ĻʱԶԷλأò˵Ϸ˵ķз˻ãΪϷ˵Ĳң˾δػ뷨
ȥɣ츮úôΪһἣβ;ȥἣҶ˾ı߲ɴģ㲻汾£
ǧһʼİҶС˵ŰֻĸϻȢؼңһСϱϴ棬ԱĴα֮裬Ҳ֪ʲôʱʼȻŪٳ棬ϲع
ʱۿһ޾ܼǧĻŭţ˵ҲֻɵЦͷ
ƶɵҲЩ̿ͷžһǣɣȥݷһãλعֻҪƷׯòҲȥӲΪǵģûϢĶ
ǧһϵô˵ϲ⣬æлл˰
ǧɵЦҶСһڳУģҲʧЦǧӡʱϲԡǳ̰棬ӳȣǧ˼һִģʵĶһ޶Ƽǧ˸ˣҲǧ˸
ҶС˹֣СֶȥҪعˡϾʯݷòлȥͭʣǧҪţͣСֶԾ֮ꡣ
ǧ˶ҶС۸ãֻ֪ҶС벥ӦߵĺܽĻǷ񻹻ôõĹ۸оͲö֪ˡ
ǧңˬЦðǭҲңԶлϷȥģֶһ·˳磡

˸ո뿪ǧ˾˷ضҶСҶ֣ǿ߰ɣ˵Ҳش𣬱һޣȳͷ
פ챱ҶСһҪҲҪȾĽϸӣȻǧȥפˡ
˴פأϴδвͬһʱéݸǵ߰޹滮ӵڣǸǵ㣬ŪפӪңˣҲлˮˡ
һиĹۣӪ룬ȻǾ͵ȡĵéݣ롢࣬ʹһӪغУһЩéڡ
ƽʱΪսʱΪ͡޴̸ǱйأһҲôˡҶСţҲǴģΪ˸أʵѹһ˼һĻ档
ȴ֪Щص֮Իı仯ȫΪؼұıáؼұͳ£ǿһ֧Ķ飬˾Ĵÿﶼܿؼұľõ˼һλСԦзûһ㴥
ֻҪôһҵѧʹԼҵפشΪĹۣԴѧϰˣҶС뿪ʮգٻʱȻͬ
٣٣ɱ
ؼӪһİ׸˱ǹСŰۣһɫ˫֣ͦŽأڶǰ߻Ѳӣһķ羰ߡ
ӣ
ҶСֶεǧһ񣬵ʱһж׵Ժ󣬵ȥؼӪǰɵش˽ȥҶСĿɿڴԭء
ӣҶСҴúʵֲˣԼҪ˼ϱһԸѾ˼ҵϱ
ǧһ𣬰ʮǹؼȫסˣʮŸ˶Ű׸ǹ̵̲ؿǧˡ
СֶڶǰѲߣָƲȷǧŤͷЩãȻ³˳
Щһ룬Сﻹе㲻ӦأǡȻһϲģΪʲôãȻҿ˿
ǧ˴߹ȥҶС¼仰عһ߿
ҶСһ£صŮģš
ǧ˴ǵس嵽ߣһץס󣬰һ˫СֺԼƵУϲ̵صӣҵѾȥˣҵˣ
ҶСĿתؿСû죬ȴҲûգǧˣһ˫ԽԽ󣺡㡭вɣ
ûаǧ˲ؿ˿Լ˫ۣ˸ƣ㿴Һǿ׳û
عڱǧ˴ˣ˸ɵİ۶ʲôӣ
ǧ˸߲ҵصģһؼҾ͸ҵ˵ˣҵѾȥؼկˣǺܿܰóˣǧ˵ţٴλϲץС֡
һǧ˵š磬һ󱳡ǧ˾صغڵϡ
ҶСԼͬ뵽Ļ棬ʵٴδǵĻ룬عںˬصףףҼҾ͵ôӦȢңɣܴӮң
ҶСɵۣǧ˲Ѱˣֺγǣ⻹вһˣһŰ

ǧҲɵۣܴôȻܴ˵ǧ˴ûгԼĶ֣֪һҲ˼عĶ֡
ǧͰ͵ص䡭Ͳ˰ɣһ˭ã
عؿǧһۣ°ͣ䶼ңȢңӮңŶûУ
ع︺˫֣ܰ߿ˣؼԼĴ硢СΧһ峰Уǧ˾һֻܵĹ˳ɥҶСҶ֡
ҶСȻЦˣǧ˵ļ˳һǧ˵ĺ󾱣ǰСصȣһӮ


62 벼
ӮˣӮˣ
ǧ˹һϰЦݣȥظ仰ƺظһ飬õһα˵ȷϣͻһΣһͲƵġ
֮ǰԣع书ԶʤôӮ
Īһ룬ȻһĶͷȻ򣺡ˣǧ֮ǰĻҡֻĴΰع֣֮ȴǵñعǺǣعȴҪ䣬ʵ̫Ըˣ
ҶС쿴˿ȷ˵Ц̾˿Ӧò˸̲̲㣬ΪδйлŮľԲŻֻȥ
ҶСҲʹϵĴαܣûйعﵥʱ򡣲ȷعһܣΪע⵽ع￴Ҿ֪ϵ޸֮ǻܣ
üΪΣѵ˵
ҶС΢Цŵ˵ͷŮɲοǧɡֻտڣ׷عֶȳ϶ֿعѾʻʱԻһҲ㽣δɷһҲпǡ
ԣǧģǧʱɬ۲ȴ֡Ҳǧ鳺Ͷ鰮˽Ĵ˸Żӣ׺Ҷ˾᲻ע⡣
ԣԶ϶ع䣬ΪŮӵɬֵ֣ʱһˮүӮһֻ̨ףǧҲӡ
Ů˰һһ˵ʱվʴԼվϲ
Ӯˣ˵㻰ģһöɰĺƻ۲ӯӯ͸ɬġһɲǵķ顭
ǧ˻ζţٶɵЦӮˣӮˣҶ磬ҡ
ǵȻҶСƲƲ죬˼ʱ޸֮ҲһӮˡҪȻƾһ£ôܿͣ
ҶСǧ˵ļЦصعĸǸˣܶ˶ִֵͦģһ棬ҲϰŮأҾãӦϸȥݣعͬˣ䣡
԰ǧ˴ع˵ģֺ᣺ǡع
ҶСЦѽǳʱڳĺĺȥ˼ңСˣ
ҶеǧܵҡҸع˵һϾȥ
ҶСЦãȥɣΪҲҪǣȵ˱عݡ
ǧһҶҪˣһºҵϲơ
ҶСʧЦʲôϲƣ㵱¶ˣϾܳôʯڰ·˾оأҵ飬͸صһһټϿ׼춼ðϣصһ죬ҪһԺˡ
ǧ˻Ȼ԰ǺǣС̫ļˡȿȡҶֹΪһ˾ǲܳģǡ͵СܴʱҶǰȱϲơ
ðһǰͷȳף
ҶС뵽չӨӨλߵ죬Ҳ޳ˡΪ׺Ϊ֮˷ˣȻλĺգҶСͷȻҲһȡ
棿ǧЦõĺܣҶʲôʱףҵʱһȥ
ҶС³ţΪͭʸţӭȢʯչҵչﻹкļҵĹϵȥã
ǧ˾Щ졭˾ɣҶ֣С
ҶСԱ߻Ŵ˸أȻźڽɫҶСҲܸоó˸ɫѾÿˣǺεؿһ͵͵
ҶС켱æ⣬ǧ˵عﲻʶҲǺˡʱһعҲȥ
ǧ˴ϲһ񵥶ӴʵͦѵġҲܸͭʲμӻ磬ô
ǧ˻ϲصİҶСˣװ˶͵ĻҶС죬ƨƨߵȥ㱨ҪȥԼҪعһҶСȥˡ

ҶСȥҵӣ˵ӣһ뿪죬زݡ
һ·ȥԣֻԽݷߣԽܸоյĽšˮůѼ֪ڲݺͰĿѾˣһعذʱѾѿ;̶ӡ
Ȼ·;δӹٱפǴ;ؿعϾ˰ǵı֣Ҳܸоõζ
һ˻˲ݣȥ͡ʱӦڽڲϴϴǷǳ˳ζʱյѾӳˣǲǵļ벿Ӧ
ӦĿǰľ죬ʱЩΪȱ쵼ˣֻܲȡ̬ȣͬʱһ̶ȵļ˰Ӹ跴
뾡壬ǿ϶ĵֿҲӦϣġͬʱݹȦӣǧķչϵ̸ڣκһôγġ
ӦѹЩԼһĵС˾Ҫˣֻ㵽ԼϡͨôһƬɭ֣ǿá˶ѡ
ڲ²һȫⲿ͸ˡڲƵˮμҽһ󽭣ܲӷμѾٶȵؽ˫ĽǲܼһڽΪ޵ġ
ڽߣˮμҵǲأڽǱҲڲҵǲأ˫ĽʵȮġ˫ĦѹЩ˫С䶼˿ɽζŨˡ
Ȼ˫£ĦģһֱȴҲδͣЪսһֻȱǸշȫսĵҪ̫¼ֻҪһöֵʱ죬κһС¶ԳΪȫֵĵߡ
ֽŵĹؼʱ̣ҶСһ˻صӦԽӼһˣóһϵе¼ӦҲһӰ죬ɫƣ
췴Ͳһ׵£ѹӦԤ֮УĿɼᶨΪͼıĴ£ɡ˫Ӧĵ⣺ǴȥĴǱΣ
ŵشˣһֱɷһð봨Ҳƺ޷
Ӧ΢΢һֵ˴ּ⣬Щ˵ɷߵıɴһ£ҲѸ£ԮݡϽ뽭ݣƾգҶţ
ӦĿһѸ
ƷӦߣɫؿһۡǼսģһֱӦձֳðı£ϧӦȻһƴӣıһ޷ͷ·ܲһֱԥδ
ڻس·ϣѽӵƷ⣬ҶСʯʱ飬ʱٴνӵƷ⣬㵭һЦݵصΪɲػûʧǸôʱ֣ǾʱƣһԱ֪
Ʒֻ˸˵Ӧ£Ҫ˵ǣҲһ֪仰һ˫ĿʱͶעϣӦǶݣѿʵһԣ


63 ջ
ٲ죬
Ҫ˵ˣҪġƽȡɻǿԵȻӦ˵ǿױ˵ûʧҡڲʱпһ仰һܴʹյľ
һ쵼ߣ˵ʹ´ࣺԳ͢ǿԼԱ磬ͬʱʯչҸɺͯҿսҶҼչչҺͯȻҶչͣ
ƽؿӦϸ΢ĲԿ΢ЦʱֻҪ͢ľ裬͢ηӦǻö֪Ҫģ£ȷ͢ķӦ
Ӧ۾΢΢ӵؿźڽֻ¶һ˫۾ԵЩء
˵͢Դ˷ӦǿңֹͿ˳ɳĵͣûţӦѸٿʯͭս
ϣڽԶˮˮ򱱣Խ츮дΣֻҪðѱĴŹûô
ֻҪðɷһͻƣðݱңӦҲӭСɱðݺϱһ̲ȹأʶ£
ӦĿ˸һ£ðݺ
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ˣµ˼
ӦĬƬ̣˵ͷ͢Ƕҳ޶ԣǾ˵͢к֣ɵҳûǳ͢ǿӲ˵ˣ͢ģȻӦģ
ŻȻȻЩΪȻӦҲϿ˵ˡ
ʱҶСͰ͵ؿˣ졭Ȼ뱱ĴӦðݣȡͨȹضԶ£ǡôûҪͭʡʯơ˰ɣ
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ҶСһãȻ
ӦǶԳ͢һ̽ҪԹˣҲ֪Ƿô¾ٱң͢һͼֹڶߴѹ͢ߣٱŸ׵֡
ҶСѵ˿ĭڨڨصŶĻͭʯߣֻӣǰɣ
ŤͷҶС죬صôù͢㵱Ҷǰ׳ôңҲδΨһѡһ£߾ͻΪĴ󷽣һҪģؿڱֱСͬʱһѡӺ㣬ֱ֮أȡ֣
ƷϲɫǷԣʵΪϳı֮Ϊأ
Ӧбϣ°ͳ˼ã˵ͷţʯչңţİɣҶСչңͯˣ
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Ӧվſ˫ۣܵصչᣬȸľҪ£Ӧ֮²
ӵ˱Ӧһȼս⣬һӷ죬ֻҶСΣһȻ
Ӧȼս⣬ƷòϲתۿҶСǸԣü΢΢һţµҪһô

ҶСһص䣬ͰԼӵ˴ϣҲû
һжڰĹ滮ڷչյĽΣ֪ƣģΪҪӦǰһհǰ˺ųŵ󣬶ΪڵģӦҪӦߵ·̤·֮ηչͲܿƵˡ
ҶС쳤˿Ǻͣǿֹȥĳ嶯ԡһվҪ̻ţˣȥʱ·Ҳ١
ҶСոžͱƿˣһյСɵĵȵ˽һӰƹʣǵӰҹɫ֮УˣҲܿó毺˵ߡ
ҶСԾصˣ
ӰӣѣĵЦĵһ˫۾Цӯӯ·𴳽еɡ
ҶˣʲôܵôƷǰ˼橵ߵҶСߣЦӣüɽһ
ҶСڵصûûʲôֻĴ£ԡ룬ôܲӡ
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ҶˣҸһԶҲ޷õݺ͵λҪסȴҪԼŬչҺףɱչң쾭£زģֻҪͺã÷ǳԲ
ҶС䡢ȹȳƣʣ㸡ӰǷ¡ͦεӳӰƲסĳ嶯ƷеζأѵûһҰģ
ҡҡ
ҶС조ˡһһڿˮƷˣԳԵЦȻץסҶС֣ԼԲ䣬ҶСĺϱøˣƴǴ״Ửһ¡
ƷӣҶСֱȻӲؾţΪĶʵԲβϡһصǰƷĵգգۣһ˫ӣȻɿһ¡
ҶС쾪㵵Ŵ۾ֱҲָش˵ϣǽȴƷЦĵʵС֪֪ƾģܿԴ
ҶС񱻶Ы֣ಡһ֡
ƷԳԵЦ˵鹵ƹճһĹ֡ץҶС֣èƵһ£Լǰ
ǰ˵СΨɫëƷҲֻͶˡΪҰĺ룬ϼϼ嶼˱õĹߣڵؼʱ̣ԼҲɹߡ
ƷЦ绨˿׻ĦҶСӣ߼ջᴭϢţ૵صֻҪҪ£Ҿͻ࣡
ȸ࣬һĶ䣺ֻҪס㲻ҶСܣܵõһΣܣҲһصסǲǣ


64 
ҶСһ뿪͵ʱӦû͡ȻҶС죬УҶСϾǱҶС죬ʵϾԼ֮£ĳ̶ȾҪһִ磬̲νʩӦõĵӦ֡
ΪҶСһеƷƷһ˫ĿɨҶСӣǳǳЦҶˣȥԣֻҪһ˶ԣɰȴȫĵʧɵȫԸˡ
ģҹλɰ˶ˡµҶС죬ЩͬһˣĪЩŮԱ϶
Ʒ۲ת˵ĺֻҪܳɹذ£ҡ㣡
仰ֻҶС⡣Ƿһߵ飬ȻûнļƷܶεһ˵ܼĶȻҳ֮ʣĥҲ鶯ˣܺõؿסǵĳ̶ȣӦǲٿĵһѺ֡
ҶС쿴欵ģ鲻Խ룺ҹԼͶͱ£᲻ܾڻջ
ҶСΪԼֱ׳ҵ˴𰸣ɰײɣҲײɣײ˭ɰ
һģҶСƷ˵ţĵϢӱͺӵ˿ҶСΪͲƷ￴ȴǱһˣСļһΪŵ
ƷССϲһأһΪߵְϷ԰ԷӵһǿأУٿҶСʱҲ˳۶ˡ
Ʒ΢Цһ£ƣͷģֻʱƵָͷɿذһ¡ֵڵĴ̼ϲðյҲӿһ˷ܡ
Щ˴ӹͲ֣ϲ̼ϲðգһֻҰѱɽ꣬ƷɾˣҶС챾ֻĿģڶðյȻЩԾԾˡ
ºһɱžԶ֪ˡƷ￴ҶС죬Լһ̲ˣЦˡҶС뵽ӦһأҲ΢Ц

㣡
չƿţ߽ȥһȻϰԵذһۡд±ʣ̧ͷʱÿԼۣʧЦ
Ѿͷոոϵţʱı飬ʶػһ㣬ȴһİ۶
ʱҲʹչΪ˱飬չĻĻشʧЦãʱǾ̿
չ˵ҺӨӨΪֻǰ˴㣡벻һߣ㻹Ҵ㣬
չǰˣ˵ڬBúͻƷﶼ׼׵ʱԶ֡Щ˻ĸÿһǵ׳һ֣Ҫ֣粻˳ٰ
ϣ˳ʮָŵؽչô֣һ¶ݣɾ֮ˡ
չ޺޵һķ֣쵰֪Ӳ飬ڸʲôףǡ
ɫһ΢΢ǰ㣬ʲô
չؿһ۵츮ʶһλع
Ŷôɫʮָȴᵯ˰Ʊ
չôλعƯסĿջݷãǵȥร룬ô
ƱϵʮָȻͣסؿչһۣЦ
չ۾㲻ҵĻ
ͣһ롣
չһ룿
츮ʶһλƯع
չתתǲŵһأ
˸ŵһ룬㻹û˵Ļ
չԴ׵С˼ҴʱСʲôû˵Ļ
ʱͻȻߵˣڻԵ𣺡С㣬˾˻ˣ
չƨɵ°˵ɣԼͬΪԼͬĶ˲Լͬһ죬һ֪
뿪鰸չЦص㵽³űҪˣչұȥ¼ô
չ۵ߣ
Ķأ
Цĸˣգգ۾СصǸһǲŹκλģߣֻ²ȳױҪˣΪม
չһ仰ϷŪҲˣҲˣڰصҡҲšҲŲأǲǣŲҰôأ
˵ѣȻԵõصѾˣ߰ɣȥӭһӭ
ٲߣչһ뵽ҶСʱľЩ£ȻҲССڴµĸоȴϡһ룬Ȼ˫һ첽׷ȥ㣬ȵң˯һɣ

Ȼվסչҽþñط꣬ûкú졣ţЩ죬ɣǶһ˯
ˣѾԹˮ֮ζҲʳ֪ζˣɷֿôã֪ڴСʤ»ۣ˭֪
᣺֪ͲŻСˣǰʯͷԼĽۡ

ҡҷ͸źɫɴϺĺɽˮչ£ϣ·һ䲢
Ǹһ绹ġչ˵ҶСЩִ˲ƣһϵĻû뿪вݵЩ˸ţɲۡ飬ô죿
΢΢һЦչұûеص
չаĸ˼ҲԤ谵ؽѣ˵
Ӱ˼Σ̬ڵʱĵģ˼ҽʱҪԤѼǽʦΪƷʱزٵı䡣ȻڬB̬ĵðҽεĲࡣ
չһ˵ôˣȻ;ѽ㲻˵Ǵô١
չΪѾȥصĲʵȻĶ¼ص˼¡
չոƿɴʣδӽȡ·ױ̨㡰ꡱһԱ߻չˣæһ㵽Լڵʵʵġ
㣬㡭㲻·ôչۼױ̨Խ¶ԽȴɺϾ˯˶ƵĲĵʵ
һЦȻԼˣʲô
ҮˣѵͲˣ
չؿ󷽵Ьµأ˳ùһϣкȻһɴ⡣ͷԼѽЩְקק¶һ۹µ鹵Ƶͦ˷ţ˭˭ѽ


65 ŮΪ
ҶС֮ǰƵסûصΪ˷Ӵڱ˲ҶСԭס㴦Ϊɣ鷿ڼס
鷿լõطȻصġҶСţʱĻҶС˵ʲôʱصңױ̨δȫ򿪣Ҳӿࡣ
ױ̨ƼһϮ˯ۣվҶС¶õЦݣ촽һһ첽ӭȥ
ȻһҶСڴϣظͦø߸ߵչҶС۽һӣһҶӦıС
Ͽ˿ľȣɾߵߣһסֱۣ´ҡͷǿˣҲЩӣԲٳ֣ʵ࣡
ҶСֺܴݵתչһϵصΪǧﱼҲݶˣҶСĺ֪ϱһ˺ĸ
鴤һ£޳ܼһı˽ţҶС챳ɽʱ̹ˣɣȴʤ갡
һйȻչȻҶСͺＱȥҲ쾭ģչۿţЩ⣬һ޵ĹΪҶС첻͵ذϱص£͸ίˡ
ҶСķӦʵ̫ЩĶػ˸п̾ȻԿţĬԵúȻˡ
ﻹҶС첻չһ㷴˼ζĻᣬգգۣЦ⸱ӣҶô
չࣺ˭кһˣ˼üȥȥȥǰȥ˼Ҫ·
ЦҶСת磬չո˿ҶСͻȻִ̽ͷ۾һգҲգؿչߣ쵰ʲô
չţһ˽ҲʲôɵСգɾرһЩ
̽һֻ֣סҶСĶ䣬ġУ˳ȥչϽһƱӣ齱ȥ·
ǸСƱδϨҶС챻Ŷͷȥؿڣһҵͷɵذһۣȥˡ
ҶСҲȻҪһ½жˣһҲڴ˭֪ȻҲ
ͬһãĿǰǾģ˵ģӨļҶСԳȴ޿κΡƵĿ⣬Ȼ뷨̲סЦţЦһ⡣
ҶСݺݵصһۣһð췴жң͢ǲ濪սģѿҾѲݵĴ˽Ʊزϵ͢ڳ
ҶСһ˵£ɫҲʱѾ˵ˡҾã͢Բ֣û취ٵȥЩڼ飬ȫȳ͢ڳʱֻţѾҶˣ
ҶС˵ͷĿһڲݱȥˡұ¶ݣҲ޷ؼʱ̰һ
ȨȡأȨȡᣡڣûбѡ񣡡
ҶС΢ԽҲδأҺ綼ģԣһӡ
һרע
ҶС쿿ʶطŵסΧеڻԵ˷Ǿ԰ȫ֮أҪСģֻΪ¹شҶСʶرķӦ
ţҶС˵꣬Цô
Ŀ˸һ£ȷһջҪٴǰݡбʶһͼ־͡
ҶС죬ĶǵǡĻҶС뵽⣬δ뵽ðա
ҶСҡҡͷǹңӦܿôͲѾĻҳȥ
طֻ뷨ӦΪйޣҲҪɱ㣡οһԽƾͼƣװϵؾ棡
ҶСĬŵؿϣܴðյ⡣ҶС˼ãصաȷܴ󣡿Ҳ󡭡
ҶС̧ͷڵĿ⣬ĿϤĿҲҰģֹһпҵδʱ
ҶСݰλ˾ȻһѾʯµУЩʯͷȥ˵ЩȵɽϣһЩײзǣղȶһɽ
Ѿȹ̵ʯɽУٲȥһɽһɽ壬쳣ѵ£ңһţͻ𣬳ɽһµķ羰ţôûУٽһ£죡ڻѵá
ҶСĿϬӦͼı͢һǿҵĵ𣩣ץסᣬȡ֮޲ɣģҲһλᣬҿϰ״أ
ҶСֳסС֣ʱӢۣӢʱƣҪ໥ϣҲðգͻߣ׷಻ɵã
۾ʧܵĿº֪ҶС˵ǶԵģչӨӨɻᷴԣǲںЩɴСֳһ縺εһڸԣȱΪ˸ڸҶСѡǶԵģȱ֧֣ҲӦ÷ԣ
ãſ۾ҶСȻѾˣҾ㣡ʲôʱ֣
ҶСӦõѳ±ݶߣԴһʱѾȥչңչһڽճͯˡ
ȻչһԮͯҳͣ
ҶС׵ʱ֣
֣ʲô֣һͻȻչҶСſڴץң׼ȷ˵
ҶСĻ˵һͻȻһ£Űһ³
չСŵӣɫȹǳ˵ϸߣ֫խֲʧУ΢΢һһһĸо
һܾµķ٣ۣױɫŲѥӡ
ҲסˣźҶС̸£һʱ˭Ȼʢװ磬ʱòƿ˰ɡһŤͷȥط
չ²سȴΪı飬ȻʶԼ̫֣أʱ˵δЩ̫ʱˣһʱǹܹ⻬һ϶͸˷ֵĺѪɫ
һ£ڨڨؽ͵ҡûװû·


66 ¶
չұŶһӶͳһʽͳһ̤˶ĵ·
չվڱϷŵǽŽԶȥĶ飬˫ֽ߬ȭչұѵ͸ҶСʹô
˷ǲû˴ôʱ䣬ԭչ֧Ѿ׳֧ҪҶСȥضԸϱ֮λչ֧ΪԼλȹ̣ͻ᲻չΪԭ֧Ӱ졣
չչھһͨˣΪ˶֪ýΪţҶ˾ˣĴ»ڻ
չɡչչٵվ·紦ԼչɧۿԶȥתߵչʱչɹһ٣ͣס˽Ų˺Ǻ£ҲУ̲
չŭصҶСǸʲôһƵߣ
չҡͷҶСҲʲôڻô˵Ǿ㲻֪ߵغˣǸСС̫ͤǸַĽлӣΣ
չٵϣϾʼ˱ǿǿ˾֮ԣô㲻һ˶һ壬ָôѡ񣿡
չôѡͬھʯ٣ɲҲͷҲҪҧ
չɶ˶ٹȣǺǵЦչϷ㣬мǸΣڣϷֻðļ֮λչҵˣ
㡭
չչŭĿӣչɲûŹȣǰĮȻ˹ȥչչٵչ޺޵ؿǵıӰԹ⼸ϲģ
ݺһȭڵǽϣǽڴƤѪȭͷʹʹȻʲô취أ
ţͳһʽľչұȻЦˡƱãÿһ˾󣬻ع۲ŷɫѰſĲʱչ¼ޱοسţͳΣʹǲؿĪһǵѡʡʹޣ˽Ҷѣһֱųļį¶

ͯҶԲܼҷͻϮ⧲ĲܼҲҰܣͯҼսֱչұչչΪ׵ҪﵱʱѱţѺȺ֮£չɡչѸⶨˡߡҶСʹͯȴ
֮ͯұԹ̼еΪ˶ɽ翹ĲܼҲڴ˹УչҲû̲ռһЩ֮Ĳܼҵ̡
ڲܼѾʧܣڹѲҶܵĵͣ£ЧˡԢͯҺչҶЩ̵Ĺһֱ飬ҲʱЩСĦ
չҺȻ˱ƺ빮̱չռĵ̣һͯưոݡȻչƣͯĦȭƣ뼮˻һĵ̡
˫һսţıͻսð˳Ǹкͱ̡Ǻܲڸȴƫƫܵչҵǰս
ͻȻɱ֧ͯһֲͯұܰͯϼͯѶ־ŭԴ̲˲ܼҵĵ̣ҰҲԭͯҰпŵģʱͯһίߣһ벥ϹԴһ׳󣬾ͳϵĿƣȴҸ
ͯҲ֪ԮңҶչҵ֪ͯУԥˮԮһռūǳûȡʣӦѾţԸͣˡ
᪲һģǴűģڵǿͣˣǼƣֻҪͯƲͬ⣬ܵҶչͯҵĹ֪ͯⲻƣҲֻűӽ˶Էġ⡱ͬ᪳ͣ˫ˡ
ʱ˿̣һϷţˡ

ˣ˳ܽķ䣬ûˣ˷ܵ˵һ䡣
ëʣƶת˸泯ӣסʲôһŵľ棬Ҫ͢ηӦ
֪
˷ܵش˴֣ڰĻӣһ̽͢ʵͣΪ̲ʯ䡢ͭţͽΪǭһŶӡ
Уֻʱ˱Ȼ뵽ҲͳһܲȸԾѡ룬ӵȥ⼸Ҫ˾ߡ
˵һȻֹֻӵһζᣬؼʱ̣ҶСɳðӡӵͷף⼸һһֱߣ
ҶС˿̳ӷɻڴһϣ˵Ҳ⿴ˣҶСȥ
ҶС˿̰鷿ĳƵľңͬʱҲ칫ӸϵҶС鷿ʱӭһλһʱվס˽Ųչ
ӱϹϾչһ񣬶λҪ޵ţΪ˾˵չţȻϵáӴʱܱ¶ԼʵݣչȻñϹϾ
չͷص˾
ӵǣе飬ԸСĹʾ˾ˡ
չͷҲҪ
ҶСŵشſ߿Ƶʮȵľ棬齱ߵݸɫСˣҶС˵꣬ץһԲʣݺݵױ̨ȥ
ۡһԲױ̨ͭҳһӣһ죬һУȻססԼЦϧһ˫µЦۻǱ¶˿ʵ̬

ҶСһصͳһԲʣϺݺݵһ£Լȹ͵˺һӣϵַһСչ鷿ڴɫһ䣬һƷţžȻˡ
չϽеС磿
ﴫƺչ˺һߣš¡һŰ嶼һ߷˳ȥŶѡ
չ㴳ȥҲһ㵵ظ˽ȥҶСѣϷ齱ߵ˵ڴϣ϶ȭ
չƹ磬һΣɴʧɫҶС˫ݺݵضϸĲȻʵûʹʲôһҧгݵģУȴҪӡˡ
С磬ʲôչ鼱֮£ȥסҶСļ򣬰ݺһһѱƵԱߣ㣬ôˣ
Ǻ˼ָҶС죡ץסҶС죬ҶС
ʲô
չɫһ䣬һǻɢΪʲôҶСΪʲôҪκңȹ˺ǱģּҶСһܻģҲԲ
ȻɷЩʲôҶС쵰ɫ죬Ȼռӣ¶ţʶݣ鼱֮²ɱڡ
ֺޣ뵽ݰ¶ĺëȻʶؾתߣȴϵڻʱҵֵʿɱڵسˣС㣿
ˣӵһͻЩڵءҪ˵ĵҲôСǰһõδһ̾ȫ𣬻пܴһǿҷɵĴʵЩܲˡ
ס
ϴһĴȣĪҶСҪܣһ£ʶҪȥԼۿŵڻӭĲȭӱһ֮ǰĵ﷢һźôǻ


67 ո
ңҶС졭ôˣ
ҶС鷿ָĳ˼ңڻԵĲ³׿ǹʵ˽ʿɱڡڣɫ׵ؿҶСš
ҶСſڵϣ޵ҵ°ǱƵģҶѾˣҲΣţʹɢԲŴӦðġ
һΣεȻÿնˣˣͻȻǰȥһѾסҶС죬˻ңôģ˵
ˣ
Ӿر۾ԺвϵԾʯҿӡЬӡĵȲпҵĻ档޷񣬵֪࣬úεȲ̵ֶǡ
㣬侲Щ
չǰȰסزס͵͵һɸҶС죬ٿһҡҡ׹ĵޣһԴƭӣһһװǾװġ
ҶС߶µذѵӹţ;˵һ飬ֻһվԹ߽Ƕ˵ġ
һˮչĺһ£Ŭ˺ܾãŬԼܹίĵ¶ûаᣬֻñɴ˫ۣһɱڵӡ
顭ˣҡǱƵİҸ뺦ܣðܵģҶСˮץסһľ͵ָӡ
Ӻ޵Ŀѣ˵ԣͼǿС㣻ڱʶƺ׳һҧԼҶС죬³Լϡ
һҶС죬ݺһȭҶСϣеӴҷϣ
ӴҶС첻÷ʵʵذһȭ浹ȥһսгҶСڰɱ֮һֳܱ˿УֻӲס
չӦݣʱһһɱǣ
չӹȥ̧һŰߵô˳ȥײڲżϣʵĲżܶײˣ۵ۣ֫ͷתظոһֻŶƿ͵顱һͷϣʱŰ۶ˡ
ס֣
ֹչչҶС죬Ļ޺޵סȣ˻صߣߵص㣬ɱǣʲô
ɱ
˫ֽӷ֣ɫ԰ףۣȴѸ侲ɱףζͣ˵СţҪ߽ˡ
չһȻǡ˼ǣ
ҪΪС챨ţͲɢҪţ벻ɢҶС͵ûţ˵꣬ؿҶСһۣվ˵˾˻˱֢ܼ磬ҪЪ
չָָԴոӣأ˰ɣ
ԥһ£Ҳţ֪ӦñҶС࣡ҡǲɱ˾ߵˣȻܶԷǸǷҲץ˵Ϊ˾ж㣬˾ͽЭ񣡡
ųصĽŲȥڻԣ㿴ǣ
ڻԵͷ״С仰壬ҪסǣҪչ˺˾ȫΪĸǰҶС죬ʵҶС죡
ɱǣ૵˵һ䣬̱ڵϡʱǱסˣһ䰵ɱĻȴ

½ƣЩŮԵһ֣ʡϪ˾һｨ˾ŵʱ򣬹ΪȽŮԵֺͺΪ١ʿм
ǾŬŬѾʹڵмӮձء
ĵطԲʮ൱һأƬͷ˺ĿټϵشկһЩϡϣͬƬصͳνײ㡣
͢Ҫｨ˾ţǵһҪְȨǵȻģţЭ͢ʵʩһʩǲ׷ȴƣΪӮȡǵ֧֣½ʹ˻
ÿ˶ʩǱЩͷˡĿϡ֮䣬߷̸ġ顢ǣôõĽӴЩطĴȻĸԸȴҲȡ˺̬ȡ
ۿһׯϵĹôһƬߵϴֻʣķˢι񼸵Ȱ칫þҵѴڽĴĥٶԴŵĳҲٶƣ½㡣
ѪеŬûа׷ѣԲá˯ãһͷϻţԹһѪվûа׷ѣ
Ѿ֪᪳ˣܿ죬Եͣ崩ͯңԭϵ̵᪾ͻţַѣһٿʯͭʱҡһ䣬Ϊصͳߣ
֮£˵ؽƾ콵һλ˾Ǿ߷áõЩͷˡĿ£ҪϥͽӭЩϡ𽫷׵ͷ
֪һϢ׼̽һִ߽Ļɣ½ƳǶֽʱԴ˵ֻнƶİ˼һò޳ԽһЩ˼Ҷòֽˡ
ͬʱӢңƬƨɵģôȻʱǵĹ͢Ѿݻⷽ滹ԭʼ˲ǣʹǹõģʵۡʺ󡢳購ͬһҾ겻
ʡϪ˾طЩƶ˼޳ﶼϣĵطƶҲԲֽǺгġ½ͯһЩע⡣
һֽͬʱҲõܵϢҪͷˣ˷֮£½кСǧͣȥء
ǧͰǧͣȥͷ⣬ɣٴǾƻ
ǧͺˬشӦһ½ӹǮͷسšǧͲ󣬽ʮ꣬ڴ˵˼ңѾǳɼҵŻĴˡ
ڱʡϪ˾ڶɽкܿո¶ͷǣ½ε˸࣬½ƽšͬ١򽻵ˣǧͶĵ֡
½ƶǧͺ⣬ƽҲ£ĳΪ˾֮½ҪһЩƬأǧһܺõѡͲġ
ǧ߬ʮöǮϵͷʳӣʳƹɸ˾ƣǧͱ뿪ʳӣ˫ֻòԵش˾кԡ
ǧڽӹֽõͷʱһСֽҲĵݵġǧҸشٿһ·ߣһ·չֽ̯ģɫؾͰֽϵֿˡ
ûֻĨһͣСֽͱ̵˶˲ɿҲֻΪǳ˲͵ͷ⡣м˻ע⵽ֽʱٿȻӹͲ̫ƵһĨɱ
½ֻ⺢Ӵȴ֪DDʶ֣
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ͬڱҵЩɽѧӣڶһֱڸֵͬ£׷ĳһλڵطϳｨ˾ŵĲݼǶǧһʱַͨʽյͬݵһСֽ
ոļڣˣ


68 ȫ淴
½ƣĳգʡϪ˾ɣկҹʳͷǣ䡣ʱʮꡣ
ţ޽˾ŵĹԱ׷汩Уġġéġ˴ɱģ廨š
ʩϪ˾׷˽˾ŵ̧Ǿϡñƽʬ壬ٿһߴᡣ
ʩֳʯӸġɽбƽʵصֻʯӱ˳שǺ¡¡¡
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ŵСࡢͬҵͭУǫڼߵشţӦ˰ɱģӦͼı죬ͼռʯͭҪмţǻ𣿾
ǫڵĸĭɵذǻҹʣ˵ĶԣӦͷŵŧ͸ˡݰս˰ظۣڻǣǾӦ
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˵ĺãʣһֱߣ¶Ƕף֧ţŴһɣ˵ô
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˷׷ӦͣǫڳȴصǲҶ˾ʧʩϪ˾ĸʧλ岮ȻŵùСֶǫھͽţʩϪѲ˾һὨ
ͬ²ʡϪʩϪأͭУѧϰݼ߳䵱С˵ЩЩ汩к󣬷׷ױƾٳǵְ
ͬʱɽѵ˾ʿĻƷҲţϣֻˣѵġЩͭУҵ̶ֱѡγΪʿʿҲһˡ
Щڶʮľ׳ӣǴɽʱͺǿ׳УѵֱɽУڻƷɵָ֮£֮п̿ѵѲ֪˶ٴһɱ
Щӣţս͵ѱȫ˵״ɽڡƷɽŲһͣʿȻֹ֣侲ɽ

Ʒɣˣ
״ؿһۻƷʼ⵶ʿĿһĨȻشһֽݸƷɣƷɽӹһ΢΢¶һ˿Ц⡣
ϵļؼˣְֻڵڵءÿϵǰĵصǷеġ
Ʒɵ˵㣬һʮÿϵȡƷϰַȥʮӱƣ鳤ʲӳȡ
ƷɷԸһ鳤һ跴ߣɱۣж
õ鳤һڣҴҽţ룬ţе˴в֪飬ȻؿǣɱڵΪƷɶʣµʿǷԸ£˵ȷָկиҪҽ֮ǰκ˲
һˣʿʵĳܲɽկָҪƷɶʾһ£һ״կӣֱ˾
˾˿ڵڻԵ˵֮ܿ£Բ㡣Ϊ˲ݾߣҶСûжկװʱƷɸϵüǿ˾ķԷ˹ǽա
ǹ֡Ųϣһϴ˾㵵ĿѸٿʼˡ
Ʒɵ˰ͼ㣬֮ǰţϵвڼȫ֮ԷзߵУһѪȷ統УţϷড
ǡڴʱϵұ͵¹ȴүҲͻȻڼҺնףΪ͵СŮ˾ʧɫұ¸Ŀɿڴ
үȴȡҶСױҶСίУΪɱ档·µĶŵƣһ춯ͬʱڹܼҹʵؼʵذݵͣ˵Ҳ˲⡣
İŵͣ˽ɫԼӲݴǧʿڷʶ룬ԭǲϣ˾լͯҺҶչֱפھ˶ʮĶࡣ
ǣֻ᪹ͣ̽͢һжϳӦҪĽ֧ͣľӾͻţװ¼ʯͭʣִͭʸϵذҲԴԴʯ䡢ͭС
ԣţװǵ˾Ҫ᪼Խ䱸һڲӵʱȻʵֻͯװ
һ߾жǱ߻ɳľӣݷʶƣ벥ǱңӦʹʯͯҳ׳ԵҶչĿִʶ붫ʱڷʶϻһ֪
ͯ˾ͷˣ˾ǱϣˣȰ˫ɸΪ񲯡˫Ҫԭϵ̵Ĺ֮Ͱ˫ʵռȷ֪λΣ
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Ťͷһӷ֣ȵҪʩ֮ƣϷǲĵģ
ͯƲм˸һۣ͵㶮ʲôл֮ƣҶСթƻ棬Ϸ̸ЩʲôȫûãҶСһʳԣҶСϷûʲô̸ģ
λǸҲ˾ˣ᪳˾ˣͣҵˣ˭ʳԶʣͯˣ˵أ
ͯ㬵ص˾ˣϷȻŵùġҵڴҶСȴĻܷȷݻЭͯң
չյҶСǳҲݡ
᪻δ䣬ͻȻٵĺŽһ̧ͷ⿴ȥһصˣҶչҵѾ嵽ɽˣ
ʲô᪴һ϶ԸŭĿӣ˭׼ɽģϽȥ
ͯƵ־ŭεԣһʱš
Цվںض᪵ˣ˵ǷʲôѽҰǶˣͭʯһ˾Ҹˣ
ᪿˣŶˣͶʯ·Ͷʯ·㶮δ㡭㡭ţÿԴ
ͯһŭӣָ᪺ȵðԭҹȻ⣬ǡ
ͯ˵Ȼֹһ˫۾ɵüҪ͹˳ͼ仰˵գվߵĸͻȻ˷裬ебһ·ɾһӣ᪵Դһ˵أһ˫۾ɵôģ·һС
ĨһѽϵѪ߷ȻģϷ㣬㻹ҪϷԴ񡭡񣿡
Сֶѵд
еԣд˰Ѳҵȫҿˣӷˣ
ͯվǶԺһӣذ⡭⾿ô£


69 ԼĿ
ţɽУϣ·ġְĹԱֻǸõͨԱüһá˶ЯκУڸովһпĴϴ֮˵϶һƬã̻
ЩɽĲǶ½Ͷţαϴг˼ɽ񣬴ǱǸͶţǸӵĿ־塣
ҶСˣ˵˱֢¼硢¼ˮ˿ȴڵϵ㽫ֻ̨ǲļѣΪԱ
㽫̨ڽ֮ҶСֻùһΣϴζԱһˮɽʯ丮ȡұչұһΣһΣҪʲô
ಽظҶСϵһ磬毺ȵġҵѱɱǷӡĲҲҶСԱ߻ʿš
Ҳؾţ֮ǰĴϴ˾ɱץЩˣͳͳǲӦڼ飡һ̨㿪żɽ˵֮ǰٶԭ
֮ǰ͸¶Ϣ˵˾˻˱ֻ֢Ϊ˶Ŀʵ˾Ϊڼд̣ˣذ͢ｨѲ˾ЩɱԱҲǲڼµ֣
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̨˲˿˽ȴҲ֮Ȼǽ̸ǳ΢ͬʱڣɻһɾ޴ˡ
ûֹ˵ڻ˰ӹҶСˣȻԱߵ
ؿţް취ʶҶСݺܴزδҴʹðҶС죬Դȶţ롣
ҶССĴĶ֮£Թ˲ڼԲݵľӢ˼һ򾡡ҶСӦ֪üֵҲɱķﰡ
뵽ðصغһֻ΢СĶϵĸֵһҪ
ߵڻԵһֱضǣɣֻҪдϾͻмȻͻᡰܾȡرʾԭﻹһ©֮㣡Ҳǲڼ飡
ֻҪҶСûκŬ޲ǺοգֻؿҶСܰڲ
˾ˡػҶСһʹ˵ɡ
ҶСɬ˿ĭվӾر۾֪ҶСҪ˵ʲôΪҶС콫Ҫ˵ÿһ仰֮ǰ鷿һһؽ̸ҶСġ
λֵܣͼıţӣһΣ⧲֮£ţʧأ˾ҲЩɥʹš˴ĻǵضԸţ룬˵ʲô
ҶС˵ӦҲɵţܱɵ˵ʲôǡǡ˵ţ׳Ʋɵģ
ſ۾޺޵ؿҶСһۣ֮ǰҶСΪʱΨҶСܣڣֻϣҶСһӣͷΪʲôĿţѵ㲻ףüֵѾ㹻סţʱ򣬾ǵڣ
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ҶС˿ĭŤͷһɤĸЩǲֻڼ飡Ѹٷ˷ʶˣӦ᪵ףȿȿȿȡ
СزҶС£˵Ӧͼıţ룬Ȼͼ죡˾Ѱɾ߱ϱҶҶѲˣ͢ձвöϣʱг͢ΣΣֻҪһģȡӦ֮ǲ֮£
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вȻ»ǵջһǷɻڴĻᣬȴȻҲûлȥȡġһɹؼʿУϵĻź

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ͻسҵ鷿󣬵ڻҶСļݵ˵жٻӸµȥҶСļԵڻͦܵģֵı鿴ӵУȴʺǴ˿̵ݡ
ֻҪԹ˲߳ӣ棬Ƕ㣡Ҷ˾Ĵ磬ҼСģ
ڻ԰ҶС켸䣬ӵһۣģ˳ȥ漴ۡһˣмйƤƵ̱
ı飬ҶСڨڨؽ͵ҡΪǼ˵ŲòĻȥ
˶ûϣһ˼ı顣ԴǱʶݾѺһ飬˵һ˼ģ
ӿ˿ҶС죬ֿĲʹ˸ɫתȥĲƬ̣һĵģҲȥ
ҶС⴦鷿ֻһ䣬ҡ鷿һСͻңһ䣬ϡ
СվţһĲְߣתѱĴִӷ϶߿ۣŻĲҶСͼó͢Ը±뾡챨֪һУ롣
ĲɺصɡǱӲȥα
һЦ䣬һͷССķ϶мһСҩ裬
ĲǺ
ӵϢ裡´ҩһʱ֮Ϣȫޣ졣һˣʬһߣӳΨһᣡ
Ĳôҩߣ
ҡͷң㣡
Ĳȵصң
˵ͷļ򣬶صõܣƽʱЩǶΪáǶͬͬڵֵܣߣȥļˣ
Ĳ֣⡭װɣҩֻһţôܡ
ӰϵֽһȻͲҪƴˣѺϻزݣѴ˼αҶСݼȻδ𴩣ͻдãһ취ǵġ
Ĳص֡
΢Ц˵ôˣҩȥɣûл뿪ҼﻹҪĿЩ
Ĳӯص֣ͷİɣҵҵģʲô⣬ĵҵһաТʳԣú
ֵܣȻŵù㣡˫ץסĲļҡҡʪ۾ҩ˰ɣҪʱЧǵһϷȷţʣ
ţ
ĲᣬһſھͰСҩȥ
οؿ룺Ȼףʬ̫ȻҲûˡգȥðɣϣܴѲҳȥ


70 ͷö
չһװý߱¶šбӻɫĽƮļϣĵ۵ġ
ѰϣƤĴӣְһϣվһԣ˵Ӧ˵ʲôӦͯұѡΪԱҲȫֹӦʯ䣬Բ鲻Ըֻ֡иկҲţɳֻչǱ߻⣬ȷӡ
չŪ˰İɣˣ
ͷɼ˸ȥѽҪոǿǶˣҪʲôӣǸһﻹԹҡ
չЦһļ򣬼üŪ۵صӴԭǵıԹŵҵİȫѽһΪǽոջжһСأ
ֵƨһѣչˣʵĺܣ޹ǵһȥ˼չ⣬Сֿһ¡
չһЦһҲ˷̤ԲʵĴֻһ¶ӯԾһҸġ
չЦģϷҲᣡȻô񣡡˵˵ζ
չ˫һ룬ɽկ۶ȥڻԶһԵļʿԸչС㣡
ǣ߰ʿӦһһȥ

׳æһ㣬ٲǰЩ𽥵ţȨȦӵĹѵ󡣲Ǹҵ͵ˣԽæԽиɾԽḻʣʱûɡ
ţһӱϴ̫ĹؼλͷĿҶС˿ڰҶС⿿һ˿æ״һӼ縺̫飬һҲ˯ʱȴǾȡ
æŴ鰸϶ѻɽİ빣һլ鷿̴ӿ첽˽鷿ˣĲӷڽǣӴˣ
״ʼһ٣Ծ̧æʵҶСôûˣ
̴ӴҶСǷǶӺĲ౧ԹڽǣĲͷײϣһغˡ
˿ֵһЩʲôʱ
һ룬Ծֵ鷿һ£׸䣬˴˲ͨԲ߰ȫ
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ϣӦɫףΪŭɫһƬѹ֡
߸ߵľŲʯףӦʯ֮Ƕıϣ·ۡµʯֻӻصСͷĿһѪ߰ߡ
ӦǿַŭＷһ˭ܸңʲô£ţΪͻȻǷ𹥻
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Ʒ࣬ߵľӪҪģڳô£򾲣ʵȱ˶Ҫš
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ӦʵǺ޼Ѱᡢͷˣ类һɱˣƷеλЩܱġѹѹͷصξ֮ϼɡȣȥɣûһĽͣ㡭Բðɣ
Ʒ﷼һȻ֪ƲãԼ˵ɲЩܡ
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ҡҡͷûУֻռλڽϰЩأ±ϣδɽ
Ӧת˼£ڲ²ˮμҵͼĳҴҵ˽ˮǲʹ
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ӦɵؿŶӣϺôģ
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ˮ̺ԭǲҵģˮΪҪá黹أ¶ôӦүү˵ˡӦүү谮㣬Ϊ̳ˣϺ͵Ҿͷ䣬ˡ
ҾӦ׵үүܵĶȥأˮҵĵ̣ܵ˰ҵıӻˮһ꣬޷عʵأˮ
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Ϊ˴֣սʱʱ˶ʮֱ꣬ڵİүӼλֹͣˮ̡صᡣ벻үʵҲûծ
ӦţȻһĻòϤˮμҷѣˮͣˣһĻ󲻾ǰողŷƵġĶ˭˭ţ


71 ˼ı
ţͻȻˮǧˮμһ̬ռڽԶͷϺҲʼįҪˮ̡أͣμҵˡ
һӦȻԼӲˣһϵеһһ飬ͷҪҵǸͷܽ⿪һϵеԻ󣬶ͷҶС
ҶСʲô£ΪʲôţͻȻˮĪҶСϷȡҶС֮󣬲ٱңԲ˾ٶǡųĸԣôͲ˵ࣿ
ƾĳ˵ݣֻҪҳ֤ʵҶС죬ţ±ǣϤҶСֻҪԼ̽͵¶ڡΪɱҶСͬı֮һţ»ķΪôܴӦ
ӦˮʹʱڿУȲӼҲܾŪȥƫƫŪţʲô֮ǰʲôҲ
ʱĴִϢܾݼɶԱ֪֮ʿͣ͢ϵ뽭Ӧͽݱ߾İӿʡ
ֺܼĴ渺ĵ̫ˣҸ֧ٱפӦ𣬶Գ͢䱸أաãԻᴥŭ͢
ǣţ뷢ıԼҺμҶǣƣӦҼʱͷΪֻҪûȷ췴һоͻлأһû·
Ӧ̬ȷһЩ͢߻ţĵܵǰȣӭʿһСӦڻһҹֱ̣ȡ

СųʪζɽҰһƬʣԴī̶ţ·һŨ˵ˮī
һƬͻȻһ£һֻ԰׵մͻȻ̽˳һĻȻ˵Ŀ൨ڴ˴ǻĽҰ룬ˡ
ţһ˴һͷϡ϶մ·𻹻ĶڵشŴ˰ΣŶһ¹
ˣѾĲĲֲţˣԲ׶ûһڣǿӶڵĶǳǳġţֻǰݲᣬɽկ
ĲĨһʪϸһôһĨǴһֻˣգЩѹµ̫һ͸Ҫˣ
Ūովľ֮Ĳɰң֮һ룬ֲݺݵһ䣺ӣ˵ðգ
ʱ뵽ӸûôģΨһĻøһţһʱȱĴ󷢣Ū˾߹ײĶ˿Ϸô죿ֻţ˸ڵʬ̫ô죿ȫû뵽졭
˵ػʵʮһ
Ĳƿڴһ󣬺ȻԼţΧ֮ڣϽƽŪãһǳһŵȥ

ʶΪϵ˾ڵأ;նǳظҶչŬ֮£һӪ߸ߵկǽϣһʯʯݵһɶߣһǿկǽĸ߶ȣʹùɽ˲ʵǣҪʱһʯȥɽ
¥ݿӡʶ뵽ڽܹĵؽŽ裬۵Ļɲݵķ²ɵġ
ǧĲʿʵ࣬ͻȻϮ֮£ͷȻɱȺף󲿷ֶǱܻ׽ģЩ˾ͳ˽ʶҪ
Ѿϵʶչ͸СԼչҵλѲȻĽ档
չȻǰ滹ͯҵţӦһ򣬷̫ͯǵסģôʶӦĵڶߣ
կǽҪӹ̣ɽȪֻҪǹҲݳãֻҪ޷ûһȹ̵ЪϢ֮أͲҳֱ룬չұţ롣
ʵչС㣬˵ӡѾ˵μңԺǣƲôμҳ±ڽӦҴٶ֣
չҡͷɴ⣡μҶӦ˵һ鲻ÿеӲͷһ췴ʤ׳ʿ룬ǻѡμҾսأǻ춫򣿡
еͷչ˵ֻҪӦҲڽˮͿԼоĴ󵨵ضˡ
չһ̲ס˵ӦҪ𣿡
չ΢΢һЦݣҲҪˣڳ͢Ѿ˽ģֻҪǴֽţɿһ
չ˷ܵصˣһ͢ػѹǵó͢μΪѣͲصĶԳܲݱ˵ܳ𣬸׳󣡡
չ׵ǵ⣡
ʱɽһڵش˹ͷǰһ˻׵ĺ룬ǣͯϼͯơͯƿ嵽չǰŭصҶСأΪʲô
չҶ˾ݵɱִˣж㣬ͯ˾ҪҶ˾Ϊ
ͯŭΪʶ뱾ͯУƾʲôɽռˣɽϵİ˸ҲһȥǾʲô
ŭǴʶģ£
ͯƲȻŭ᪣ݴŵͣ˵Ļӽʯ䣬ʶݽפģɱ᪣ƱӦĹ֮ͯܳ꣬ûˣ㻹˼˵
չͯ˾ô˵ӦҰģҲ֪ġǲ浱ͣ˵ģҶչҵΪ֪ɽΪûзǣôڷ˭㻹㿴˷ʶطһ棬ҲӦ֪
ͦصҲټ͵ˣеѵףӦδ㣬ţٺ٣Ӧ̣ŮҲǳصģӦҪȻţͲݺͯͷڻܺö˶˵վ˵촦ˣ
ͯʵҲµһЩҪʹóòײŶķʶ룬ǲԸġҪ֪ʶ벻һɽ⣬ţռ˷ʶ룬Ӱܷ䵽ܱ߸أӶԭĸС˾ͷˣͯΪ˼£
ͯƳŪص˵ĺòûʣô˵ϷҪлඣӦӦҪͯ׵壡ǻûռҵķʶ룬ưͿͯĳӲȥô
չͯ˾ͱڴˣΪչұţ벻ܲݵĹγҲڰ㣿ӦĴٷͯҵıӦڴˣҲһ·ǣ
ͯЦ·ʶһǵУǾӴ򹷣һȥˣϷܰгһ赹ԣǴ̰ӦıˣϷȥϷ򵲵ֲסʱ˸ҶСıӻʱ͸չһֻܹԹԵҶС߹
ͯ˵תչͷ죬ȵԼҶСƵôңڻҪΪϷѵչҵ³ǾͲ֪߲𣿡
չλַ˸ۣ߲ѡչҵΣʼƫ֧չҵշ˶и꣬ҲֲһеĻᡣ
ҶСЩƽֻӵշӵܲǲСȴܶһˡοһֱС˾Ҫӹǿ˾չûиӹҶС֮ǰȺӹҡҺͲңΪʲôҪ߲ѣ
չɫͯ˾ԣڮҶ˾ҶչңֻҶ˾֪˻᲻̫ˣ
ͯЦصвңΣϷƨɣͶ£
չӦ˲¹ͷĸͶңӦѳʸ֮ģĸͶ
ҡ֧ͯչȴصʶ룬ҶչҵӵѪģֻ㣬ηڣеǰӦһ¶⣬֮ʲô飬˵ϾΣҶ˾ǲԵͯҵģӦθô
ЩĲʿһƣսһ߲˫ִĻǿɲľʹūŬѰѵĻᡣ


72 Ѽ
죬ݳݺɣһԼ㶼ǸͷҰټǰҽѲ߮ǱнӽߵȻ
ǴҪ˵Ҳ·ٷˡղ̣װʿ£ֶǾþսϱҪ·ɱǸܵģգڰȳǡ
ȳǿǲӦĵ̣ٶˣ˶սһ˼ҵĵҲǳֻ̲׸ʿ޷˵ˡ
֪ʿʿ˲ֻʣȴľ֪ӦҪҲ͢ڴװͿҪ¾Ϊ͢ȡʱ䡣
ǣӦûоھͷӦѾȥȾǷɶ˻ΪӦԼ֮գһ֪죬ʿİȻ󡣿ǣˣЩֵˣкȻһǻ顣
ȳ⣬·ѾƽˣſڻŲʦڵ·ŪʱʱҵĶվǰ棬ŰȵͷĿط𣬴һʡ
ԶʿˣͷһƬɧʿ֪һǷ͢ǰȣǾղղǴѲϾͲͬһˡ
һӽ¹ڣԵʦҲϢ񣬶˼ơۿѾʮɿ⣬˾̧֣֣
ʦ˻ӭ֣ͣ£ͷĿطʿٲӭǰȥǰİƥͷϵʿһ֣ܵңмղ
ʿΣŻ籵ʥּ೵Զʱͣ½Ųһ۽󣬹ȥ˵ӣ׷׸򵹡
ӭʹ
ʿüͷһ壺ּ͢⣬Ӧڴأ
ߵ˸ͷղˣ־øɿ
ʿ˰Ѻ룬ɿΪβȣ
׵мλ˾׽ϲظնɱЩλ˾Żɱ֣ʶֲԶʹݵԵɿ򡣻ʹڰСЪͶɿģ
ʿӦɱģɰӭȳǣ׽Ӧȣֻɿ򣬷˵Էûжɱ
ʿȻһЦɿǳ͢ǺͣղȥһΣӦȻǱղͲˣűղȥɿ
˿϶׵¹
ʿֻͣЩˮģƥҲι˲϶ϣҲǣ̣תɿһأȻͬͬʱְ˼ɿ籨Ϣ
Ӧţ΢΢һȣʿĸ
˾ˣݴ˿͢Ҷܵ˵ĵδȫȻŰʵƺȷ֤ʵı⣬ʿĹλ͢ǲյġ
š
Ӧһ£΢΢ͷƷǱϢԴʱƣҵ⣡졣׼һӦӦ֮
ɫһ̽ص룿
Ӧ΢΢һЦҪ渿ԣ

Ʒϵݶߵ˾˴ѴƼͯγѹ֮ơɴǰȥһɽͯҵĵ̣ͯѳ±ɽϣŽ䱸š
£ȻǲͯҺ޲·Խɽ룬ʯ丹صģȴԡΪͯҲ߷һķ߻һǣһҲֻܶҪֹ룬̽˫޷ġ
Ʒܸϵ˾Ը˾ٿ̽·ߣʮʿܽʯ䣬˾ٻûҵһܡȫ·ߣȴһʯӳ˱͵ǰ
Ʒ￴ĲĲڣһϮѾֹľεһһģһĲƮ·нʱֵϷӡĽһ˫ԭʵزЬҲſ˿ӣ¶ʮĽֺͷһֻЬӵЬЬѾˣûҶ
һƷĲͱһ˵ƷĽ£ˣҡҺòš
Ʒһý࣬ʱȴҲ˲İ࣬һʵ˵ţ뷢ʲô£
˵ƷȻѣ˴ǰ˾ڳæֻ˻֣¡ĲһƷţ룬ʱһǸ˵ҶСǸ˵쵰
Ʒɴ۾һȥĲɫƣʶԼЩʧأæѹѹŭͷβ˵һ飺ҶСɫ죬ðҶСϡ˱ʶݡ
ҶС鼱֮ɱڣûǡ˸ϢܡҶС̰ȫУҴСϤ󣬾ҶСðҶСȶţ룬ּٽҶС壬ϴ˲ݴţĴڼ顣
Ϊ˶ĿֻҶСǷԼˣʱʱǣľżƵһ£԰ġ
ǷǣǷЩΣ
Ʒ˵꣬һֻνǷֻ׫һˣʵϾǵҴүţϵȴ
һֱǻָͥҫô᲻ѾţȨ֮ı⣬˵࣬ͬţ룬ΪϵıǮ
ĲһΪƷ˹ǸзϣһŵôԴӱץһֱĬûرĬԣһصӡ
Ʒ룬ԾȻҲԣΪģΪ뺦ҶС졣ɱҶС죬ҶСð棬Ҳ˴á˵֪࣬Լɷԭô
˵Һǧ֮꣬߾·עһһѡ񣬳ʶ£ǲ᲻Լ·ġ
ȻѾţ룬ʵޱҪٱ¶ݣĪصĸԼ򣬻£ϼܻ·
뵽Ʒ˼תҶСǸİֲŭ쵰֪ϲɫһϧ𽵹ɫû뵽ջһɫϣ
Ʒ뵽ԼĪʧһʹţУɲˣЮ˲˽ҵӵܣΪҶСܲס°ţˡ
ǣƷȻ޲ðҶСǧУҪ⿪֣ȴ벻ҶС죬ҶСҶС죡ûнҴҶСݣһ˫н
һ£ܾȳҶСתҶСݳ棬Ȩݣıӻôһţķѣܴȡ൱һΪá
Ҫ֪ҶС컹һݣƽ̵ߣȻҶСǰڼɵӰ죬ɽһɳ֮ǰӰʧ
ϧһУҲҪƷҧ޺޵˾


73 
Ϣشˣڻվ棬ҶСĴ˸ƣҶСصͷŵ˳ȥ
ڻԵҶСȥ߽غţҶСϡΪҾĵԱӵкܶƽʱ˲һЦûʲôôļܣ硪ڼ
Ĳֵɣ鷿ľ䣬˴˲ӰŸǻᣬΪ˱ǲҶС뿪ġ
⻹˺ţҶСһ˱һŶȥһ·ϲδκˣѾˣ˳
ҶС챻һСԺǿᣬ޴椳źɽ̽ҶС죬ÿζסҶСֻ޴ˣһ俪ŷŵӺЦ࣡
ҶС첽ȥȴȻַõվһˣֻһˣڬBá
ڬBãһö͸˵ӣԼıŮǼ͸죬ԭϸҲԷӯһ㣬ȣŮζʮ㡣
ڰ׷һ˫ֻôؿҶС죬ַֻࣿдûǰɣôãôȥ
˵ĴҲԣֻǽⷢӰɣ˭ԼûܸĸŮһݡȻΪڬBԼҪŮļ壬ΪڼһŮ˾Ůܽô
ǣҶСֻЦЦûӻ⡣첽ӭȥһϲѽô㣬æͭǱȫڲٳ֣Ķ뵽㾹
ҶСһ£ڬB΢ߣעЩŻûأ˵ƿȥϣ橵ظϻ
ҶСһ§СǷӯԲκȻԼĴϣŵζһ˫壬Ůأ
ڬBӡ˺ݽȥˣ
ҶСɫһ棿
ڬBðһۣȻأ
ҶСЦϡԼ˺ӣͲһˡ
ף䰲οĻ˵ˣڴ󽫾ıɲǺܿģҶСӣֻñ졣
ڬBúһ׳գԴӳŮˣòͱñ׾ˣǰ;˷Ƶģ˵ʲô˶ˡ
ⲻ֪ϵͬˣ˵ĸҲͬûһֱ״̬һֱûгɻ顣ҶСõֿ˵δӦءʱĽ۶γǴΡ
ڬBޱߵķ˿ҶСҪһ£ҵø⣡
ҶСĿһݵλͬҲˣһ˵бȽҪ£ϾͻҲǳɳ븶ĴۣɲԼ
ڬBõʯҳˣ˵ҹϵǳҸϿ㱨Ŷû˼֡
ҶСصţʹһģȻܡҶСصˣƱҲҪܵϴٵץҶС쿼֮󣬰ְŻͭʡ
Ҳ֪֪ͬѷĿɳⶣڬBãиڬBҶСȻȥôҳʲô¶
ڬBñҶС˵һ飬³ţҶСչӨӨ֮ڡ˾˼ȥĩɷʯΪǸոսɵĹϵδ֪ͨһ
ȻҶСǰѾǧ˵£ҪʽԵ¡ءҶСڼ෿ﵱ˦ƹģЩȻ䵽ڬBõϡ
ڬBȥؼկʯбڬB֮£ĴȥϴεǱͬ
ٵؼկ֪ҺؼѾʽסһ߷һ£ҶС켫ƼϱΪ⣬ͶǧһƢǷеˣȻ⣬˵ˡ
ϷȻǸˣȻ̵ܵóŮƢ޸ðŵ˾һ̸ϷӶ׼ҲΪ⣬ӵͷİ壬¾ôˡ
ǧ˴츮ϵݣѾͷˣ׵ĻƵնѡǧҸļε
׼ңŶӻʯﱸ£꣬ɶĴ˼˵ڿʼٰʵǶӲִЩϷҲȥ죬ҪŮ
ؼұ֧ȻʵָӣȴذͳʣҪҲס
ٵؼңǡøոշؼңٷָϸʯңֻҹèӸյң뿪Ҿͳ£ǧ˸ˣ
ԭʯǦ󣬳͢׼϶Ҹ𿪲ɣÿҪϵȺǦǧһʮ͢
ڵ߲ϣʤϷ˾飺²裬ɴ񿪲ɣ򿪲ɵ˾˰һȿɼٵߣϽ˰Ҳܶ档
ڲٳּʵӦ˭һʵʩ󣬲Ų¾ͳ£Ϊ˾ſߣòɿƵ˷׷ܹϵ·õ˾䷢Ŀ֤ڣŪõǿӶ뵱ؾеϡ
̶ǲ޲ɿӺްȫϣ¹ʲϷ߼ܵҿϸ档ʱʯ˲ȡȻǰǼìܣЩȥ츮ϸˡ
츮ƹԸʴ˰һ֮£ֵֻ͢ǸרӪ֮ȨȨſ񿪲ɣɴһǳ¹ʣɳ͢ʧҪ͢ԽɲֻһĳƷǦ
ҾӪƣÿֻǧǦѾ׽⣬޼ﻹɷ˱츮׽ˡǧǸͷΪֹٱץ丸˲ͷҲץ츮ȥˡ
ճ͢ƶȣҪ⣬꣬˾ͳ˫˫˱ӡ˾ְΪʯʹŮ˾
ʵ˾ļ̳йأôɲûдɷͳûץֻлһ죬ûҪСӼλȻλӡɷͶŽɽ
ҶС챻Ͼ»Լӡݴţ񣬵ͬ
ǺҲڵŴ򶴡̽СϢΪʹƸصӵܶϢϣ̽˸ְ汾ĸְԣۺϲɼȥߴ澫֮ܽᣬʵҲȥԶˣ
벥ӦȾǶǧʵӦֶ˾үʹүǱݺģʱү֣߳˲ͷݺ˾ʹүΪʹҪͶӦ
ٵⷬϢͣظϻͭʣڬBáڬBðǰҶСϸ˵һ飬ЩϢ˼Ҳ֪٣ô
ҶСһۣ
ڬBðһۣҶСһЦĿڵϢƵĿж󣿡
ڬB΢΢ĵ۾ӦΪ
ҶСɣ
ڬBֱ׳صֱ
ҶС˴Цɣ޴ӷ
ڬBݸһЦ͵ƽشĶλˣ԰ɣ˾ͨλȴȴأɵ㡣
ټ֮ǰй˺ӦȾĴԣǾ͸ӵĿɡУ˺αæʹ˾ۣӡִȨӣ
⣬˵ĴǱߵ˾ҹ˾˾ǽ͢ңڴ˶֮͢δؾͲԷ˸ûκԮȵĴ㣬£ΪޡΪĸеķӦ
ҶС˿ҲôġλŮҲôжϣˡ
ڬBü΢Ӧ·ţѶ֮ȫˡ
ҶСҡͷֻǲף˾ͼʲôӦѵܱȵӡôܺĺɷͶӣֻ򹶺ϣ
ڬBóĬƬ̣ĵصΪӦ氮ɣ
ҶСЦ˺ŮǲһأϲһҲ׾һȥӺŮأϲһˣͻɱǰһֲϻ˵أģ
ΪŮӣڬBÿɲ⻰ڰ׷һ˫ؿҶС죬˵أ
ҶСͻȻ˵˻ǰλεεСӣҲǸŮأƫƫĹϵͬѰҶСϽЦȣ˵˽
ڬBߵǲһ˲ϲ˼ŮҲκβȻ¶ˡŮ˲ͬϲһˣһ˷֣Ǿ͸ˣɱô죿
ҶС΢΢۾°ͣشڬBãСò绨ֲܳ߶ţҪϲ˱ˣǾҪΣգšӦáٺٺٺ١
ڬB쵰㵱ʲôҪɱǲǣǱΪǿ
ڬBýһŤҶСȥ
Ƶҡ֪ʲôʱңޣ˶ڴϣϢݣҲ֪˭˭ɱˡ
˺þá
þá
þá
ҶСһϢصҪҪɱһΣ
ޣֱһͷڣ
ֹ˺þãҶСָЩ񣬵صأոǿʮһĶ֡£ԿˣΪʲôԵôۣ˶һ
ڬBߣֻ˵һ֣
ҶСЦһڵڬBһ˫ˮĴ۾ʵȥ
ҶСϤϤش£¶ҵúúĥĥǧ˲ѣǳţ룬ҲðӦÿ׳һ֣ǶҪһ֡
һ̧𣬹סĲӣջģһ
ҶСոˣһ·ôţڬBðɳ췢̵ϣغ۾
ҶСĴΣһֻ꣬ˡţˣֱӲֿ»Ūɳ׾Ҫ£ôӵ֣
ڬBñĵĺò۶èһţؽУС졭
ţ
ɱһذɣ
Ů
ƫ㣡
Ŵҡǽ࣬һХ


74 
ɿͷ֮ȴһû֣ûвҲûеطʿеӭֻɿڳͷȺ
Զչղ˳¥ڳ¥гԲӦ²յԸɣ
ȹڵӦߵ˸ͷʾлȻΪѥӡӡΪ½
һƵȥȥ£¶һʵ׳˶ļ⣬ٰ°Ҵ¶ȶԱ߱һСбӦϡ
Ӧ˫ٲ˳¥׷׹ӭ˵и߽׵ǶӦд˴񣬵Ӧıڼֻɱ಻ӵ֮췴٣Ƕսη壬˫ϥһѣд
Ӧ̤ɹ÷̵ʯ壬߽Ŷڳ֣ԡ֮£۾ԽԽղӣۿǳӾ͵ǰӦ˫ϥһ̡һ͹ڳ
Ӧ١һˣĻ˸վţǳͷվڳſڵģҲ׷׷µǹ˫־ݵأͷͷ̧
ղǰߣһӭϽʱڵԹ£ߺοʹӦӭղˡ
ʿڳһֱڽŵ˼ŶԸӦİ취ıĿǴ͢ӦĿģȴǴӦǣʱѣִɲ
úãڹǴһòãӦҸͶң͢ӦУһӦƣǧˡʿ䲻η¹شܲ
ʱĸߺʿ˿񣬷Ը
һƣǰʿҲѲһԣʿʱ㿴һ˸ಲ·ϡ֮ǰӦĴĹԱΪУʿҲģһ۾ϳӦ
Ӧϥмߵ׵ﳼӦߵʹ
ʿӦѲʮ˾ζ˷ͼı֣֪
ӦʵӦıʵ£ʹ죡
ʿЦȷıΪĻ̥ȥɶҲȥǰȣҲģ
Ӧٶߵף̬ӦҸָصԱ磬Ļ̥ʵӦĪ֮꣬̿ʶЧ°ڴ˴ʹ
Ӧ˵İһˮϵļϴ˾ⰲϮ尲ְ֮Ϊοʹ԰ĳӰΪȴɱ˰ţŵĵܵܰǻͬЧҵ˵ȷˮ䣬˵Ҫı
ϲͬҲٸ껥ɱʮ꣬͢ŴεͣѲʷ֣ʿǰƽη峯͢ȴֲ뿪أҲڽܵƲáӦ԰Ϊ˵ԼĿԡ
ʿࡱ֣ȴǻȻʣ󲻶ķִʱšӦȻԱȰ࣬԰ĴΪͬķʽӦ
͢δΰģȷ޷ñɱƲãְӴλڹ֣Źٸԭְ˺󰲹ϴĸ棬ũעⷢչũЭ͢ƽϢѣڴΣ񰲾ҵ
ʿһ·ĵľ̬̫ӦƳ͢ʵʱ췴̬̫ǿӲƵӦòաܰհõķΪ׵
뵽ʿɫղʥݣΪ֤£ֻ֣ղҲɣ
Ӧ׵лղˣ
ӦʿӳǰȥΪ¾ֽԼۣϡӦһмӣλӰۼЯϷһͬٲǣݡ

ʱӦƷѾȻִͭʳǡԽʯ䣬֮ͭǰƷѾ˰ĲɿҪĲѷţһԼԼ׼ȡķ֪Ӧ
Ψһѡ񣬶ӦҲûκɷԡȳҶСǷţΨһֶΣĻֻܳ׷ţͼƵ͢һ档
֪ǣʱʶϵĲѾһαһЩչе̸ͯƳͻĻѾӻزݣЩҲ˾һɿˣṩϢһȷĲϢ׼ȷӶӦľϲӰ졣
Ӧһ˽ܣĻıʵɵ͹κϢزԳƣţеж϶ǽҶСϣδɹҶСȻǡ٣ٳ桱ܲҶСǣűߡ
ƷʱûжһΪ˰ȫûסһֱεǹۡƷ˽һլ̼ȻסӲݴʿԸݣֱסҡ
Ʒ˻ڷԴȷ˾ȳҶСļƻ֮нʮʿʹãֶ˽ˣЩϸͭʣǲ֪סںδ֪ǵָˣ֪еΨ֪¡
ƷµǴլƷոסټ˼ĸһҶСľƻϡݺסܡ诣ŮʿеСͷĿ
课ͺǱ塢һӦѵŮʿŮΪʿļ弫٣ңǷһλСҲʿֻӦĲãѵ˴Ůʿռȫʿһ롣
ϵˣ䶼˵˾ڬBҶСңŮҶСŮҶСΨһѪǽڬBãŮС
ЦһҶСţ֣ҪҶСԼܴǵĿģҶС컹ץҶСҺŮȥвҶС죿Ӧ
诰ǻ˵ĶԣڬBãҲܴӦοҿɲǸ飬ܰϵģֻҶС졣
Ʒﻺͷ˼Ʋף˵ĶԣŮҵ˼Ů˸˽Щ
ݺתתô취ץסҶСĸĸ˫أ
ܷ˷۾ץסҶСĸĸ˫ףҪ󽻳ҶС죿ΪĸҶС˫ţ룬ҪץǲףҪѾ۰ץ֣ʧز˵вʱֻҪЧº棬һˣ
ݺüô죿ֱܲӳţɣܳţ룬ǧ֮ҶСֺαȥƾǾƽţˡ
ܵ۵ⲻ취ô̧˼ô
ˣǲҪˣ
Ʒϸϸ˼һ󣬷Ըϣ㸺֡ŴţѸ뿪ͨ뷽ݺף㸺֡·׷еҪϰŵͨͷʽУ
æȻͷƷҶСĺֵ޴ס˽֣ĵСӻ̡ܣȥҲ޼ҵҪ޼ҵľ
ɻصˣץסҶСŮߵﶼУǡ޴ʲôã
ƷһЦ·һ使޵ޣɹ񣬻Ҫϣ


75 ̲ݻ
ٴ˽ͷϵ鲻ˣҲһһ䡰ӷ𡱣˿һװֵСһǵķͣһ˫Ĵ۾鶯ĺܡ
ݵƹׯлԱ⣬ٴЦŴкԱûӴСӣԽԽϡˡ
һ˿ӣԱʱüЦԱѾǰ״̬ˣҪǽı󣬳͢ǱݵеԱϢٴҲԳԾһˣ˿̻ȻҪİĴȡ
Сһﲻ˭죬Ůˣ˭뱧ͻСֿ֣ӭȥүүദôǢȴΪԭ˵үү뿪дʱ䣬ǵүүүܵĺܣһүүСһҲϲĽ
ӴԱˣҪҪɱһ̣
ֶͷݵĻƹǸԣͺԱѣһԱ˷ܵкٴ·һС޻ǣյݵк㱧СЦе߹ɣɱһ̣ûг
ܸ˫֣ڴйţΪ˱עĿһֻǡһββָһƵعšԱϻģǽһż
Ա⸻̬̬ӣƽʱһüĿԱ⣬ܿɿʵƷķԸһֱڶ޼ңʼղ˾δ㣬޼ξܾȳҶС

ţϣڼĵڻʱҶС죬ҶСȻ뿪ңһͬͷΪ˱ܣûѾźΪǶ˲ˮľݡ
ҶС콲һְţתĵĻ⣺ʱϿݷӦѾ˹ţϵ£ǹⱩ¶һЩ˿Ӧòµõҿ֮СǳǶţģȻĻڱȻ취뿪
˵һԵݲɫȻҶСһеؿֹֺγġ
ҶСΪԼݻûб¶뽫ƾͼƣݷȳٰһ˵Ƿǳðյһٶ֮ǰйһ˿ݷҶСʵݵĻɣɾͶˡ
ҶСɫЦЦصģƻҷĦʵްǲҪˣƻ㣬ǵġ͵컻աֻҪǲɵʱֽţ;ܻҵݡӦپҲʶҵݣܹͨ񣡡
̾˿ô˵ǡ
ҶСס֣ûûʧģǽü˵ţҶСһֻ̽󣬰ĺ
˶أŮεصʵӦôܲԱ֮ʩӦĻɲ࣬ڶӦһЩʵԿͿԼٺܴѹЩ֪зգҪȥġ
ţ
͵͵شӦһ׾ͱȳȥȻӦĻɣ㡮ء̫Ǹ޷ȥǼƻ޷ʵʩִΰգҲ˷ա
ҶСֻҪ֣ܰţǾдáţǶԣǶһ֧õô򵥣ǴǭԿסԣһ᲻ϧۣҪСǵı£
ͷҶСֵҸ뿪ţһˡ㲻ڣЩʲôʧҲͱȽ˵ͨ
һҲֻһĽڣɲסΪһЩϸұ뿪δ˵ȥ
Ϊ뿪ţݵĺܿ˳ֵɣ˾ʯ丮˹ǲݺͣչͯˣȴͻȻϮҪֻ
ʯͯҲûйԹţڲͯҲϾʹ˳ңȴҲԸЮ֮¹˳ţ롣ǲϧزݱȻʧأʱָԴ
һҵս֮ʯͯҷſһ·ǴŲҪչҺҶҲŲǶҽ㣬Լȥ
ȻʯͯҲĲݻ桰ٵݡİϷͯҲڷſͨҪݵ㴦رڻϤղѾϵɿڴʱͯҷѣ˴󵨵ľߡ
˾Ȼ˱ʵԵƷҪƷҪ˾ʯ䷽ʩѹĿľҪɽߡţʮֳɫƷλҽãЩĲܴƤӵ³ɹȳҶС
ⲻ֪ҲΪκϺ뿪ţԷһ˵˾Ѷʯ丮ϲϴĵҪԸʶִ֣֮ͭ⡣
ͭʳǱߣƷﱾһҲδܵϤʯͯÿͨƷﲻɴϲܵصãһȻ뿪ҵļƻɹĿֽһ
ȷȻʶִ֣
Ʒ΢΢һЦΪҶСѾˣڵҶС죬ֻǱżڳһųĻӡҲݱֱ룬·ʶ롢չңֱţ롣˾ҶСɲϳִ֣ţ»ô룿ҶС챻ִ֣ڶಿӴаտ
ңһҲݱռԭܼҵĵ̣չңʱͯҲóһʯ;֣γôԣΣ뿪ţ룬Ըʶִ֣
ƷָصסԲСɵ°ͣϴһĨȤȻЦС㣬ҵҪһҵϣ
ƷЩ˷ܡЩڴǰҵĴС㣬ԴϼԪ谡馸ػû֮󣬰Ϸѳȥѳһ˼εû䣬ʼͳ
Ʒڲεһ֮¡֮ϣһ˹һͬϯҪһͷֻ˼ҲϼĴƷΪãȻԭ򣬿ǿԼҲûвǱʶﻹһǳҪԭҪ֤ϼĵǿ
лӮһ֣Ʒﲻ˷ѾշֻҪٴǵ֮ϼһˣҵϣҵδ
Ʒȸ࣬촽һֻè诣ܣֻҪţǱߴϸʶϢ϶֣͵޴ıӣס͵
诺ͬʱվֻͨ˽Ʒļƻֵ֪һ̣Ҫˣ


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ȥʯʶ룬ͬʱһ֧ǵĵţ뱳ɽͭʸвûǿĵˡȻǰҪڬBԼ˵Ļϡ
ߺ󣬱ţҶСֵģҲôģʵأȻݺ״֡¶ֻм˲֪֪֪ҶСʾ㱨˺ֱӼ˵ģͨݻ״
һ㱻Ʒ֪󣬵Ϻ֮ǰжϡǾ֪ߺţһˣǡҶС족ݺ״ǵ⡣
״ȻǱȽϾһˣæʱӰ˵ôЩ±ȻҪܡݣǸɽӣǺǡһЦ

ܽӵֵ󣬾úԱСʱ֡ĿٶۣٻõĿꡣСһѾѧͷֻҪСӣ֣ܽӵǱܽУӲֻı㡣
磬ԱСӳȥһֱ˼ҡ֣ʼ׼
ɷˣһſڹϴ˯æӭǰӹӣϺһһģЦ⺢ӣˡ
ٴЦеصԵãкгϢ࣬СͺóԲ⺢ӣгϢ
̿ڹ⺢ôã˿޲ڣСӣԺһ֪꣬Ųŵط˯ĺأ
椰ѺӽӹһСϣֳԺٴõһԡһ¡ٴͷ˺᷿ԡ䡣
Աǽͷ̽ͷǡÿٴʧſڶ
ҪˣֻһӣȻ뵽ӵܻᳳ˶ӣһ˲һֶѾֵ̣С߳תԱߵС鷿
ܼæһͷ̽ͷʱѲӰܽ¿ӽԺӣͿɵľ룬Ծ뷿С
վӣɿһɨмˣֻ޺Сһ˯ţ첽ǰֽͬʱַߣʱ׼ֹĿֺ
Сһɵ۾ֻǿһۣ۾˲䣬˸˯һɣɣϱźӷɱȥ

ˣ뿪С鷿صȴϿտգһСƿš椲Ц̾˿ʹϱӵԩңʹӵ۵ģƫС׵òˣŶ󹦷ˣ
˯ʱɲýĪǺѾ˯ˣţҲûȥѰȵ쵽˷ʱ椲լסȥ
ٴԡѱϣԼס˺裬һߺȲ裬һ߰ͷ鱨ˡȻߵţٴӦһ鱨ϻȥš
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ٴЦãǹ˯˰ɣ
һӡǱ㱧ˣ
ٴһȻ˯ţұ𣿡
˻࿴Ȼͬʱʧɫ

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˷һ򣬵ڶһλڳǽһҵƷݺµġⴱҵΪλõĻ᲻࣬Զ⣬ҲǼݺһˣŴ硢̸¾ֹͬġ
Ʒ޴ĺȥ˳ǽķӲδ⣬ʱ⣬׽뵽ϡ
Ʒȥǽã޼Ҿͷ̫үӶˡٴ椱һϣʱ鸮ˣһӡʱ޴Ҳӵ̻Ҫˡ
Ҫٴֹ˾ָĴ椣ʵ˭ļΪص꣬򶨹еġٴ齱£ȴע⵽ϵ΢΢
ٴø˶ȥѰң࣬ȥһ˹ٸڴ˷ҪѲͷջȴ
صӦһٴ۾ϣӡǱ˷ӡС͵ߣ
⻰ǴһϾ˸׵˼Ǳ˷С͵ߣǲµġΪǸûбĿģΨһĿľǰѺ͵ߡ
ĻǷһغӵģ޼εĲƴãã˺ѰһĺӣǴ롣͵ߺӵ˱ĿģǰƱǳѰ𣬷ȷĿꡣ
˲ᣬصһתҪ뿪תͺһҶײ˸ǼҶһˤûվȣͼ˵̫үүˣˣ˵֪Ķ
Ҷ䣬ǰһɾٴѹӰѾǰ·һͷʨȵ
ǼҶδԼ̫ү˿µģһһĭŶ߶µһָ
վ쾮Ͼص˵漴ͼԱŶӡϱԼһƱҶѾӺԺ˳
΢ЦŹ֣¼Ա
û˵꣬ԱѾ˵ǰʵ֪Ķ콲Ϸл
ܴлͲˣֻϣүΪһ£
仰һڣٴɫͱˡ޴ķӦҲ죬ǰһѾס죬ŭץҶӣ
Ȼ壬ؿ޴࣬үΪһ᲻ɱأ
ٴѸȻŭգ˼ҼȻ뺢䣬ǿͼһٴ˰֣Ըɢ˰ɣӵ£˭Ҳȥɢˣ
΢΢һЦ̫ү
޴صغһɿ죬ٴ˸˲ɣȴ쳣ºͣݣ𻰣

УŶȣĿ˵˳޴椷Ҫһţ룬ݷҶС졣ֻҪ޴һ㣬ĺӾͻᰲȫػ
޴סˣΪ֪ҶСڼðҶСһЩ϶ҶСҶС죬ʵľҶС֮һȻܵݣȴţһϵ飺˲ݣ϶ҶСҶСô˲ݣ˼ҶСô
ΪСҶСţ뷴ݵˮΪǴɩʶСݣСȳȥ⣬СöԷﵽĿġ뵽޴治֪ԼǸÿ޻ǸЦˡ
ܼֻں˶ӻǱ֣΢ЦȰοģҲûҶС첻Ĵ㡣ҿԼڵ㷢ģȥţ룬ǶôΪĶӣϴӦô


77 뻢Ѩ
ͦذͷȻ뿪ˡ
ٴֻؿţһɱϣʱҲֻؿţıӣðաԷȸҵŶȻк֣ܶýֶοʣһʱ֮ڲ߳ȥԷ˺ô죿ܱɲ⣬ҲֲСӵһСָ
У޼˾һȺ׵ĸȡᡣ֪ǰӵӵǸҪ֪˵źٴͷ⡢ӣҲߵ
椵ĵؿŴ࣬ոաΪѡشӦܵҪ椲ûΰΪάҶСţİΣͷԼĴ㣬»һ߿ܣҲԸ˺ҶСˣΪһŮˡһĸף椵ޱȾᡣ
椰ȥϢһ¡õģȻ󣬾Ͳ˺ӣٴȰο椣Ĩᣬǡ
ٴѾתѾٷȥϢ
̫үѾҲӣ뿪ˣֻʣºٴʹӡ
ٴ˿ӣ˵ǵĿģΪ˾ȳҶС죿
ĬĬص˵ͷЦӦþˡֻû뵽뵽ķӣȻҡ
ٴ˿ѹӦˬ
ٴ룬ôܵİţմȥţɡȲ֪ͨţ룬һڰж޼ңȻǵĿǾҶС̫ġ
޴ӦһƼɫ㡭ʲô
ٴ΢΢۾صȻڳǵĸ
޴Ծص⡭У᲻ᡭ
ٴؿһۣߵȻأͻغӣһ³֮˺Ʊô죿ǿгŵ
ٴӹһĨɷҲǣȻҴҺٴ⣬͵геҺŭ׼
ٴһһŽʵľӷֱ÷飬ľ䡣ٴǵ˳ȥ޴죬ȴûкڡ
ٴתԼӵԺ䣬϶ѾӭΪٴĸȻ֪ʲôߵٴǰ϶ְѴȥһѷ䡯ֵܣհǰȫϵ
ٴͷǼȻڴ޼ҵ⣬ȻбҪСĴ£Ǹ˽Ͻһ˿ڣٸǱ߾ͲؾˣóǺ󣬵طݵĿˣڵߣҲҪҰҳ
϶ǣ
ٴǽصصޣǲǳֵġÿһأע£߿ƵصİҪСЩƦåЩǺԾ¾еĿ֮ͨκˡ
ܲδԶ޼ҳʹҡڵػһĺլǶƷһڻֻҪ޼ǸСڻУİȫͲ⡣
һ磬޴ఴܵķԸ˴󳵡ÿȥţ룬ὫţɰȥһȻֵ˽⣬Դһ
ԴҲû϶ֽţһ׼ֹ˲ܱˡһδ˶ʮˣĸŮˣĸŮΪף㶼Ѿ澡
Щȫ޼ҵĻƺˣܼһ³ϵĻûʲôֽţ³ض޴椵ܺãֻҪǵĶһػ
ۼɫɫ΢޷ˣ⸱ɽӵܾܿͻ
һϽǿһЦһϣ๫ɽǴźӵġ㿴ǲǡģǲ춯ģ˲ǻ𣿡
ܷ˸۶ˣɽϵ𣬾˵ǼүӸջСӣ԰տˣ˵ǲǰԱ⣡
תվµĺٴЦʵٴףصغһɨزĺɱȴ۾գģֻͶҶ֣һϤأ

ţ뿪󣬽űս״̬һֱûзɡ
һεĶֿǲݵӦĴ֮һţɽѾ̶̬ɽǿвһţӲɱһƬأվס˽šÿһεĶ֣޲һȷѪ꣬ûĸǿ
ԾŴ漣ҶСţȶģֽɻ֮ȥġеġţɽկģţ붼һַæա
ɽˣãϴæɰصˣ
æĽͷö״˵޴ˣǳˡ桰ҶС족ˣ˾˵ܣȴûɲáҶС족棬ڴҲ֪ҶС족ʵݣֻϷ˿ͺãû̫ġ
ԸӴүɽýյĻ⣬үլ˾˿
үٷˡڶߣЦصѣúܺãֻҪǳסһҶ˾Ҫ¶ʲôţǵıһ赹Եģ
ĻֻܱԿЦҶСݵı仯˿еΣԼǿϵ⣬Ϊһĸףûѡ
ɲݴ˸ˣ򸾱˺լӲܸ룬ܵ˱ݵ˽ӻ澽˺լ˴粽Ƶظţ򸾼ţʾݸɫܡ
ҶС˵˺ǿģӭڿԺſڣһЦӭǰȥֻΪ˱˾УڻԵɴ粽ظţ·ľٶ
ҶС޴ѵܣ˿̶˼ţֻһֻӣһȴȫλܵؼš
ҶС޴ຮţȴڻ´ƷҪȡҶС˶ȳв˵˳ҶСӡ֮УҶСҲҪȳˣȫˡ
ȻҶС챻ߣΪⱾҶСļƻ͸¶бκ诵ȼŮ˶̫Ϊ˶ʵڲұֵ̫ԡ
ҶСҲɣѹû뵽ƷﾹȻ辶޴֡𡰾ȡ뿪ľȻĸεεСҶС컹༷˼۾ȤЦడԽԽˣϵѾҲɫһȺͲ椳Դô
Ц֪λش뵽ϵ֣ҷܣæһЦݣңҪ˶Բҵ£Ҿʹźӻң
ҶСע⵽椵ɫԲȻһʱȴδ뵽ʹλȻ׼°ģһ룺಻檰ɣ椵ɫôѿ
ҶСҸῪ椣ѾջĿ⣬ڴ౳ָ۴£õָʾֻ֮ðǰ̵Ļ¡
޴ҶС磬Ƿأϴζأָģҷ˺ôľŸ㵽ȫǾеʽ׼ҪҪһȥ
֪Һ˿̵Ĵô᣿ҶСھͷˣɫؿ˴һۣЦеصͷðˣһˣ


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ҶСڻԱȥ롱Ƭ̹ӱڼͬ߹һҶСĸݰ׵澣ӵ˫ƻƵըһ£
ϵ诺߼ŮӡϾ֪ǲݷǵˡǿּ˹עص㣬ɲǵ鲨ע⡣
ҶС˾ͬƹ˾һɽӸ£԰ؾ۵סӸ¼һ־°ȫϵĿǣͬʱҰλøߣǵλһ
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˾ǰͬ˩׮šʯʨš˾ĸ֡ţ塱Ĺ㳡žǶţţһŻ
ÿһ᷿ڶԺҷǲַѷĥƷȣȫһʴֿ⡣
߰󳵾ͣڸոս˴ŵĵһԺݴڵһ˰Ժţűشŵֿȥ
ҶС˴ԺԺвһһذŻǴԺһԺ߰˼ͣѾ˴롣
ǰߵ鹶ڵһҲҺϷĸĴ֡ǭһҷֱһѧ֪߱ʩμͭʡ
ָһøƵİˣɲǺֲģ뽳ʦʱ˴˵صȻԱô
弶ʯףΪ˷㳵ӳ룬ϥߵİͭżѾжʯҲľ塣ҶС˵һǰָǴ˷ļء磬峵
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ЦֻҪǮܽ£Ҳ㲻˶ı£һ˵ţһ΢תĸҶСһʾҷֱվһ澣ж仨Ƶģһ˲˲ֽš
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ʱյʻţӿĴԺﶵ˰ȦƵǵһ࣬ԭǰƶЩͣԭλá
յþʹʻԺǵƵҶСһʱץźŶͷͻȻѺһ˦Ƶĳڰӵţʿͬʱȵ֣
ҶСöطŽӣվ诺ͻȻãֻǰӳһǡվֱ࣬һ̽סҶСļͷ
ҶСֻһ㶣˾Ƽصһͷˤճվ޴ŮӣȴǷɿصһһתһһףҲᡣ
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ʱкһˮžžžһ鷭⧲ţʿĲǲǸϳģ̇Ҳ׷׶֣ǣŲݡڻԵˡ
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ڻ䣬ȴǰϲ֪ҶСļƻȻʹȫ׷ϣĲºͲݵ˲֪ϸۼ˾ٳ֣˷Ƶ׷ȴܵ˲ηסЩ˱ʿǻŵΨһĿľгһտֻҪһϢд棬Ŀÿ벽һʱȻס
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򳤱һӣǰľܵϵһߣΪ·ûǰֹųӣȻ仯ľƾűǰʻٶԽԽ졣
ڴ˱仯֮ǰҲվںᴦһŮʿ˳Ǻ¡¡ؾ˳ƽ̹ĴɽϳȥٶԽԽ죬ԽԽ졣
ڣҶСػһۣѾʶʲôǡ
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ǣҶСϽſ˫ȣŵס˳ذ塣⣬ӸŰ
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Ҳΰɣ
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ԭվڳϵļˣ׷ɵøԶԭվڳһһ㵸ڿлһߣһĲ棬ٲһҪˤǡ


79 Ǳͻ
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诺ŮոӣҶСҽݳƴزŵݣһݿӵʱ¶ҶСӰ
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һٹѶ˾ȳ鴽һĺڣѶ˲󵽵ϡЩţӵڣ׷ӭɽšţܱӴߴ٣̳ڳ̵Ҳ죬ʮţ嵽ɽţҲ
ʱɽϵѾܵˣ׷׳ƽ϶ɽƽʱԴֱ֣֮سٶȲ죬ɽҲ㼫ߣʱѾһ·
ţɽһЦŲæͣסţƵӺ棬ӻͳ˻ӡ
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Щʮƥʮƥǵɽ£ӭ诵ˣҶСǵİֻ˵ԶԾһƥ
ˤһţϣݵһ£ֹ䵽ڣ˶ͷü崦ײһӣʱѾ͵쵰Ѫһ˵Ǳӳϲȴܲѡ
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յ̫죬ҪΪߵȡʱ䡣֮УֻвʮʿǵĴڣԱ֤˲ӡǣעΪӣ

һжʮׯأǰһ·ڡֱһָȵҶ˾ߣ
ͬʱҿ񱼡ȱ˫ȣ˫ȫˣǳϵģȻҲ֮ˡ
ۼֱҶСȥӼأأ
ʣµļ˳ӵм䣡
ʵţѡ׷ϵĿܣ·һĸʣȴЩ߷߲ƽΪ·ѡ񣬶ΪһӾ׹ҶСߵ·ȥİһܡȫߵ·ܿûκδʩãΪ׷
Ȼûѡٱ·ˣԼӻҰ֣뵽ȺЩˣĿܻҪһЩ
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诿һۣţ
˵ͷȻ˰ţžţϷ棬ȫ׷ϣĿܻ൱ģδ͹Ʒı¡

ʱͭʸ˽֡һϢͨ޸ļҶˡ͡˵ĳӡߵ׷͵˺ٴǰ
үӣ˽ϵѾˣСүʧǰ뿪ĴԼʮˣϵʮˣο̽͡ףЩ˵ݡòѾ˻ӰͼΣȫ

үӣǺڻϢڶɽ֮ĳǽԱҵһҵڸոȥڻ˽ӴǣҰѼ˶ΣǨ˽ֵ˱ȶԣ

үӣнˣɽּұҵסЩˣ˽ϵ˴ûнӴиͲ˵ĺһס˼Ҽˣͼеˣǡڻڳǽּұҵò¡ѾǸͲ˺ȥԱϣ
ٴĿӹһĨɱվԱߵ϶һɨ
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·Ѿ·ֻûлˣһ·񱼣ʼձٶȣ˽ӦܵˣϵȴЩܲ
ߵöˣΪֻܼ񱼡˵ܵҲ࣬Ӧȫģۿ·ԽԽʯ䣬Ӷˡ
׳Ҳ֪һȳţ룬϶취ٶݰɴ·߱ȻΣյģȻ׷Ŀ
תˣˣ̫á̫꣡Ҳ򶫰ۣһӻزݵһôնԱΪҶСǷѻᰡգ

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ٴ˾װոչڼ϶Ž˳ض˵һ䡣ٴĿһſڴϨ𣬻ذһ߿ϣ

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ٴȥӣʱβɽѾȷ⡣һһԣ˫һٴĺĺݺݻ
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ٴӦҲǼ죬üͷһ壬繭˫ȵذӱͬʱεǰ͡ɽһصشıϣٴǰ˳жȥĳ
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ٴΪ͢ص֪ɹٲüĹٷ˼ĳ棬ӦԵĲԾǡأͷûأչ˲ϲṦǰӶȥ֣ðգʱֻݡ
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ǣƷ޼ҵĵϸǲ޴λԾΪҵĺүӾȻݺǭضġһѷ䡱죬¸ƣ
ٴߵУұһһ֦̻߸𣬡žһըһŭգҹɫп쳣̻ţׯ԰ĸԴġһѷ䡱һѷس˽
ЩܳӴƷĲ±һű¾ǽӵǣȮ
ٴӵÿⱼ϶ͶҵȼֳܳǴԼķͳԶ㿴ϴӰ񱼶Хһӭȥܹٴͻɽɽ֡
ͭʶս


81 Ͼɱ
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Ʒ˿ηΨţ롣ţƵĵϣ״ֻͭʵڬB÷ƾеѡ
ƷƬ̣˼԰ּұԺиɱĳҶϵٳʱֵ֪Էе߱°Ϊʵĺٴ϶Էţˡ
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Ʒɲ޼ҾЩҶԺؽƸ֣ȴҲܸս˵زɽҲ˼սһ̼֣ʵ
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Ʒﻹû˵꣬϶ͶһйٱʣһߣѾڵ׷йٱʺ߶ѪģŮʿжδ˺ȥ
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Ůʿγ϶һѷĶң֪ɱͬĶǰ˾⣬޷˵ȥ

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ʱּСϣӯĲɿǰԶּұҵˣһϲӿ˽Ų
ׯ԰ӳһӰ˺ٴǰȭһ񣬺ٴ϶϶أ
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ǹ˵һͬЩһΪòԽĳ˾չǹͽۼԽˣССҲŷȡС׬һʡ
ǰֽʱ򣬴˶ۼǰ棬ΪˣҶС졢ƷҲװ֮ǰۡͷܶУע⡣
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ҶСʱѾһСѾಽظƷߡɽ֣һ˳һеϼˡ
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ϵϼ룬ҶСȻһ᣺ׯڶ˵ĲףοôһݼҵСǿ㣬ǰҲ˰ôͣô쵰

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ѾҪԻ͢ҲӦʿ̬ȱ顣˫һֱ᲻ļ⣺Ϊ͢ץԪᡢȴΪԼԶҰ䳤ݴ˾ְ񣻴ɶ츮ӡӦһڴӦ
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ʿδȻͷһۣȴʾ޶áȵӦҲ׷ȥʿŻ˻޹ϸߣ
޹ȻΪΣ
ʿˣŻ˻ɡڣˣû˸ɱҡûҵ̹ȻҲŲġ
޹ˡ
ʿһЦѽһسǣѵߵˣΪգ
ʿһޣ׷Ӧȥˣ޹ΣҲֻ׷ϡ
¹ڴּ񱼣Ӧ۵糸׷ϡǰ־޹ֽŵĵط¹ҲǲľԵģҲѡľ֮Ŀ϶Ϊ·ܣ޹ĵطֽš
ӦϣλҪ¹߳࣬޹Դȷ㡣ϸϸĸ˿ϵϣ¹˿Ӧᡭ׷롣
޹԰¹ƽ֣ȴ޷ּ϶ǰͨķ϶ȫ˻ء
Ϊ˲ģʿɿ׷׷޹ۿ¹лصôܹȺ񾪷ɣӦżɱȥһᵽɤ۶ϣ


85 
绢
ӦֳִֹǰӴܶȥ¹֮٣硣ӦǶԼ֮⣬治ᡣ
޹ѪֱͷͷƤЩֵģѾԤӦ׷һĻˡ
͢ҲΪ֮ɵͷʹӦ׵ǳ͢Ĵ󹦳
У·ԹҶ֦ӦͻȻӼ˫ȳ룬˫һƣƥһգͬʱһƣԸٶǰȥӦڿԾȥ
ǰ̫ͣӦĶֻǽУûкԾ̫Զͱֱ׹䣬Ӧ˫һ䣬ȵվڵϡ
ƥȥˣһʮɣ˻һͣסŤƺЩ˵ľٶӦǷ׷׸Ϲȥصˣ
ӦǰһָСǰһ֪ԵʣϴӦһ׷׳鵶νǰһЩӦܡ
޹һô£Ӧôܲϸô͵һ˿Ⱦһ֭ⷴ⣬Ӧô
ʿҲһӦ伫Ѹ١ʿ²ӦߣⰰߵӦߣʵˣкη֣
ӦһۣЩ裬ûʲôֻǺȻЩףǺǣֱֻҲ֪ΪλָоһѿС޴
ӴӦ˵ţһǰϣŽε㾪һκһʹϹ
ô£
ӦһͷָſտҲİգ˿쿴жж
Щǰ׷ֹе䱸ţǰȥʿͷûһ£Ҳϸ˹ȥ
еϷ·һĵһѪۣ˼Ѫ顣Ӧһ̧ۣͷпȥ۾ϸϸ۲죬ڷһԼԼϸߡ
ӦһԾһɶߣص棬һԸˣϣȥ
ýȥƬ̴̹Уˣϵһϸ˿
Ӧɫ࣬ȵѣ
Ӧ׷ᵶʿˣã۾̧ͷ˰죬ʲôһϵ˰Ѹ˿õӦߡ
ӦУһŸ˿ʿſƵģգ˾ҪǡǡӦ뵽գҲǰһ亹
ʿӦ̾˾ˣϸϸһ˿ȴηֵģǡǼడ
ӦǺǡ
ӦŸ˿سǣ
Ӧʱ鲻ã˲Ҷ˵ӵӦسǡس·ϣʱʮӦصɿǣͿذʿͻع䣬뿪ˡ
޹ʿϵУʿ˿£ɺص֣۳УһϸߣӦλ
޹ҲһƶҡҡͷҲ벻˵ֵܷġѲɣй
ʿЦһӲ񣡡
˵һܽˣͻȻһ֧ŰΧˡ
޹ɫһ䣬ڵһվ
ʿ򶨵صؾţӦ̣ҵȣӦ֮壡û֤ݣͲᶯǣǣǾⷴˣ
޹ôǾĬĬܲɣ
ʿҡҡͷԵ飿ȥ

Ӧһظۡصͼ磬ˣ
ɫĺǾ֣Ӧ׵ܵܣ̣˵ӦĳӼλɲǷж˾֮λĿܣֻҪӦһȨ϶Ҫϲ¥Ҳɡ
Ӧ˿ûлΪ֣߱Ҳ⻼ʱƾʱ֣߱ѣһġ
Ӧͷ
Ӧ龭˵һ飬²ѵصҿ羯ѣ򡭡ηصĻصģ
ӦһЦ˵̫ҲЩҲšʱף뾹Ȼġ
Ϊ棬ϲ綨Բӹ˽١
Ӧ뵽ʱ龰ҲɵðŰţʱ룺ֻ¹ʱǡÿһֻɵͣ£ҵȥٶϵЩΣ´˿촦ĪֻҾʾ˵Ǿ飿
Сʵ磬ã˭
ӦعʿˡҲһϾҸոմӦ˳͢һϵ
Ӧ˼Χ˹䣬һ̽Ҳܰѽ䱸ֻһߣȥҲһвΧԵԱ
Ӧ˵ˣղʿݵҪˣ
ӦǺһЦʿʦˣ˿ɵˣҳΧԵˣ
粻ɹԼм֮УæӦȥˡӦȥʿʿһӦŭ˾ɱΧҵԯʲô˼Ѳɣ㻳Ǳղд㣿
ӦЦݿӭȥղˣֻ򱾹̣Ĵ̿ղһղиʲôʧ͢ԲɱԱ
ʿȻȻ˾˺ģΪβ˵뱾ղ֪
Ӧ̾ѽĳո̣Ҫôղˡˡ
ʿ㬵طһͨɧŷȥӦʿ͵ſڣŤͷתУոպյ裬ͷ˻磬磬нˣ
Ӧվ磬ŰԸһ뾹Ȼʧˡ
ӦĿһʲôˣ
һһĩеͨߵļ٣ණûѲµƷǶһֱʦ̡
Ӧ촽һĻߣʱյô
ʱվɽפڲݵĴˣӦԭ䷢ϵ常ϱɱҲ벥ˡ
Ӧˣ
ӦҧѣֻҪǻûӳݵؾһץõ
ģСѾȥˣ
ʿɫƵػص䣬һţǸ֮ɫͻָ˴ݡ޹ָϽʿصģӦģûȷǣ¶ֵġˣɱ֮ƣɣ
Ȼᣡ޹¶һ˿ܵЦ⣺ǾҲˣ
ĩȷʵǵʱյͽ޹뿪ǰʱգԭؼʱ̿õΪĿڣʿ޹һڴĺڹ
޹ƶӦҲǣΪˣǱ޹ɱˡ봦һʬ壬һַӽ˾ҲѾԶʧ˼ˣӦͨ챾죬ҵõ


86 Ԣ
ʱͽɱ˾˵ϢѸٴӦһǲץɵĴ̿ͣһӽг飬ŵֻһͽȫֱϵӣԷһ
ͬʱʿǵӦղƵƵӴ֮ǰͷӦһЩòиϸµ̸Уۿ̸нӽβƷҶС糾͵ظˡ
Ӧո洺ʿݣ˺լҶС죬ɫ̳ƷӦһ񣬵ʹ
Ӧǰס֣糾͵ӣˣȥԡһЪϢһ£
ƷȻһЦصͷŤ뿪ˡԶǿǰͷƷԶһ˵ģСèӹ˳ӦٶȿҶС죬ɫ
ҶС켱æǰع򵹣˾ˣС
ҶСԳıĻ˱ĵҶǰҶСܹҲԽưԽԳķ˿Ӧǰ͵ðһսսģ
ӦһλˣĨĨζϸϸһڲˮƤҶСһۣĳƢͶι
ҶСһ飬Ͻ׵СС֪ˣ˾˿嶣
ӦߡһĬֵ꣬ģȻȥǲ֪ˣĳˡһΣȻѾ˺Ƥڲݰɡ
ҶС̧ͷˡ
ӦǺǵЦôҲ֪ڲݵĻһ磿
ӦɫһѲյصһ٣ڵһվȻ֪ǾͰţ
ӦߵҶСߣһλᣬף
ҶСɫü·һעһĶͽ˵ͷף
ӦļһԵĹܼҵҶ˾ȥϢɡ
ܼҶС뿪Ӧ룬ʿʱҶС
˼ǣ
ӦǺһЦҶС챻Ͷĳ£ղ֤Ǹã
⣬΢Ц
͢˾ָ߶εĵطȨĹЩر漰˰ۡȹҲĶҪȽϵģǶڲȴָ൱̶ȵɡ
񵱳Ӧĸ׺ĸ游࣬ӵˮٱʯ˾볤ϷȨ˲ΧϣЩ³͢һŲʡ
˼źӸϹڳ͢Ǽ£ǲܣֻҪִȨҲǷ̳֮һɹѵڳ͢һɶһ²һ¡
Ȼ״Ҳֻʵ۵ԸǷǿƣԪ谡ӣδؿˡǿλ۾಻ðɳӵġ
գӦʿʱ˫ѾһӦ̸ϸ׵ǩԼ˫մΪͣϱĺˡӦʿｻ֮ʣȵİţҴҽӦһҾ磬ţ˾ҶСݵҪ硣
ţӦͣ˾ƱһģҶ٣ôˣ룡
Ӧһ䣬վ
ʿӦӦţҲһѺãǰĳڲլҶ١ΪӲظŭɱޣ͢ᣬҶٴΪ顭
ʿȻŶһ˵ҵˡ
ҶСվԺãͷ棬һֻӴܶǱģӭҶСҶ˾룡
ҶСߣ£ǡһ˷ȻߣҶСһˣһһٵĲһͷһͷȥˡ
֪龰ָСӣҲһǴ⸱ֻģһɥ֮Ȯ
޹վҲһû뵽ҶС죬ҿûע޹һŵ⿪ˣȴѿʼעж
ҶС˴һ˾ǧҪֵһѰʺĳޱҡ

ɢʿصݣ޹ϸʿҶСϯ߾޹˵һ飬޹ҶС쾿ڸʲô
ʿҿθ̫ˣԸʹ˱¶ݣٴӦЩô
޹ҡͷЦ뻢Ѩĵӵȷ̫ˡ
ʿЦ㻹һ˷ԭýָʹġ
޹ҡҡͷӦڰеһѻ棬˷ķɳȫˡ
ʿĿϧϨľӶ࣬Ӳ̫٣
һЦ
ӦӴլĿᣬӦҶСյıִӰһתصԼסĻƷһѵӭ
ƷӦ£˱̺˼ڣʵҶСʱࣿһָλţʱһţ
˵Ʒɷ¶һ˿Ц⡣
Ӧʱ̧ҶС̨ȷʵţķѣΪ˴͢ĽģѾҰܳ͢һϵгͷʱͭʣνͣܳγţ룿
Ʒ˼ǣ
ӦҶСǾȳŵľֻҪǻû֣Ͳ֪ǾҪζԸɱУûг֮ǰģ
ƷﵣĵصǱȳˣֻӾˣӦԡ
ӦһЦϧҶС£޽ġã˵ҶСҵãǳʦһɣΪ´ζţ֣εֶΣһᡭȥ
Ӧ˼һ£ֵӦʿ͵ðųݴְɶǰΪӵˣһʱѲƷ㻹ұһˡ
ƷüӦ
ӦʯǱߣǧ˸˫˫ݴְ˲ΧϣЩмܲסˡ롭
ƷصΪ躹ޣϾҪȥ˾֮λˣȴǣʯǸôǸʯ֮£Ͳ͢䱸ˣ
ӦЦȵʲôɴףʼ㡣ǵĶŮ׼쾭壬Ȱ׼ҵæҲΪҷǰ
ƷһŮ׼ô¶㻹˼ֻǵŮҵģŮȻҲҵģǸ׼ңûаϵ
ӦסڷϺݺһƣ۾ӡ˵λӣġϣݶУ㵣Щʲô
Ʒ֪ӦǸȷʵرⰲ£ԴϵϾͿԿϵر𣬶ԱŮˣ˷ȥӲԹػġ
ƷϺǼɵӦŵӡ֮λģתΪϲˣŤתǡô
ӦϲߣȻǰվסţһͳʯ
Ʒҹѣ˼Ʋأ
ӦǾͰʯҲݡЯһ֧ţõġʶʱʯڣҪҲ׵öࡣ
ƷӦǴ뿪ʯ಻ɵأ
ӦƷ
ƷЦ˼ֻδʤǰģһᾡǵġ
Ʒ˵ţȴǧӣҲȻȻ㲻죡ǸӡвСҲöɱѿ֮УǾܰزݵġ
Ʒ룬ֵȻ뼴ʱţ֣ôҶСϰɡ
ӦüëʲôǸߣ
ƷҪҶС죬Ȼ˽ġӦδʶ£ѾʼıȡºĴ㡣Ͷ󹬣׳ϵĸӲ㡣
ţ벻һţ룬ҶСʮɽɽͬľ䣬һδɾı⣬ܰԼУӰŻΪϵһɱ֤
ģƷﵱȻܸӦֻÿЦǸİҲߣһй¶Ȼͣ
ӦԴϲƷһǣ޵Ϊޣ£ĸµ֮ˣ


87 
ʯνƷﲻɿҶСղʿǰ¶һ棬Ʒ̤ǰʯ˾ó̡
ɴʯ˾ĵȥǺԶΪɿڹݺĴĽʯ˾ȲС٣֮ӦΪܳ͢ͳεĳ̶ǳͬ
Ե˵ʯͳžϪʮἣϪɽصϪϪϪϪϪϪĺϪϻԫĵϪҵϪ
ʮɽἡἡ³̶ἡἡ¡ἡϼἡἡἡɭἡƽἡƽἣϢἡϢἡϳἡἣľἡҵľŽἡἡ
ɴ˿ɼʯʵϽĵ̣Ĵݡϡһ֣򣬵ȻƵĴһĴ˾ֻ֮Ȩأܳ͢Ƶĳ̶ҲأΪøĿţͬƲ÷ڹǱߵĴ˾ϣõ
ˣƬͳңҲҲĸԭ򣬲ȻĻǲĴεġȻſȴǷӿڲҡ
Ʒ˴ӹɿң·̲ԶһңҲ͵ڽʯ˾ĵˣ˵ϪֱͳϪŽἡἣⶼʯ˾̡
ϪŽἡؾʯ̫Զûв˴ζ˵ַһֱ״̬صҲرĽţƷҶСԴɴ˴ʯ˾ĺĵ̡
ʯɽϣ֡
γһƬĺɽҰޱ޼ʡȻγɵСͷһªľ͵ȡĽɵС·һСɡǶͤԾһ̶ˮ侲羵˾ٲȻһɻ
ͤˣһСһŮ
еĴұȿĴͳΣý£ͷ˿Ůͷ̻ȹ廨ߣŹϥİȹԲȡ
ȿڹƵϪϲɫ£νɫ£ɫʰ쵵·һһŮŶԣеĿΡŮġ
һ˫Ůɾһ񺣾֮䣬ȴٯٯ˾Ƶľٶ塣
⿴Ļ󣬼мָ˵ķ߹ǵķ飬мŮˮ޶˵ŮӣȻǰϵĴС㡢ƷȴҶС졣
ˣˣ
Ʒһһ̵ĺӰӶˣɫ侹м岻ĵĽζҶСĿⲻһŮҰüȴҲ˿ۿۣŮ˵мܹȥϲ
ƷȻע⵽Ŀ⣬δӦ˾޵۹⣬ҶСִЩζĿ⣬òҲʼˣ˵ǡϰˡ
Ʒ˸
ҶСһʰӶһЦʱЩѧġ
ҶС˵жȻһ˶ĽƺҲͷ仰Щ⣬Ʒֵ˽㹻Ļ
ҶСȣһͣ¶廳ģ˸еصҶܵձҸЩЩǳ˵Ҷݳڣܳͷءϧ
ҶСȻͷƷЦЦȷʵ˰ϧӢţһб¹ȻҪɸҪģһ˼ˣԶһбµˣߵøԶ
Ʒ˵Ȼһ٣ãǲһд˼ˣ
ҶСЦȻд˵ˣҪȻܹΪ
Ʒҡҡͷǵ̣޹ˡܴһ䣬Ϊһ˾ֿȭңŽˡҲϧ£ΪãҲǸԭ򡭡
Ʒ˫һ˫£쳣Ĺˣд˵ˣߵĵ۰򣬱ȻҲдˡ
ҶСȻû뵽ƷͼıĲյΪƷţΪԼн죬˼ǿӲվӦߣܸ׳Ӧˡ
ƷȻһЦҲӶ廨ߵͲһ֣̽¶һؼӨ󣺡ãûеµĴˣ
ҶСЦȻ
Ʒһüü۽ǲŵľǺ¶ķâ˵Ļ
ҶСһһϣڨڨصҡҾã͢ӵĺǿޱȣô׶Ըİɣ
ƷƲƲǣ˭˵£ǵ˱ӵиӹĵ̡Ӵ˿ʱŶģ𵱳ʲôԨҲ̫ԭһأԿطǲһ̫ˣ뷨»ǴĳأܶڣˣЩʲô˵ģ޹ˣǡǵ
ƷЩĵؿҶС죬ҶСƺܲһŮ˱ӣͦŵҵǵΣ˭ʶµҲǵۺʱߣߺߣ
ƷչһЦûʱȴлӵţ롣һɹȥĵܵܣôٿԳΪһһ㣬ԼҲҪ;ģ
ҶС߬˫ȭһģ
ЩʱգҶСڽıųģƷڲ֪Ҳת䡣ҶСʮģƷһЦҪٸԶȻ˿첽
ҶСƷŤͷȥͼһͬýµ꺺ӣɵһЩЩҶ䣬Ʈҡ羵ĺϣ˿˿
˵ƷǰȭˣǱʯѾһ̽ס
˰ǱʯζƷ˵һ顣ϷΪɷҲǣͿһҶ󡢶ƴȨˣ̫߹Լ
ЩᡢͷǣƽعԵĸһֻֻСèƵģʵȫΪǸ³çɷĹ˳ɷƴӣþĻ˳ᢵһִ
ΪЩ˸ܵģηӵľǸܵġ޴ɷһֱֻͳʯһͲֱ֪Լˣشйƨʯᡢͷķӵ䣬ֻǺٻһɫˡ
ƸصʮλϼᡢͷǷ׷׷ΪŮ˾Ƿ̶ִΧ˾ڵأ˫֡
Ϸ˴ʱŷĺжСֱֻ˾ЩſָӣԽڽڰˣϪʮƵĵ̣˾֮һضѣط׷ֻʣһͳݡ
Ʒ̽˵գЩĪĿ⣬΢΢һЦ۵ƾ޴ŮӣͳԦȺۣ
ҶСһߣ룺Bò⣬ĶͷϵķȻǸ꾫˾·
ҶСһһ㷲ģˣǸô죿
Ʒתת룺ҲΪ֪ȻϲȻܰȳ̬Ҫһģ뵽ƷʯѾվסˡزݰɣ


88 
ƷʯֲࡣϾʯĴ£ӦʱݷʱʱǰʯĻ̫ˡҴ˴ʯңȻôҲ󣬳ֱɱǾɵġ
ƷιҪ˽ʯΣӦѡ񡣱Ͼ˽Ӧ˼ˣжϣȻӦԸѡҲǴˡ
Ӧǵ͹ƷļġҲǶԼ̫ţֻ̫ԼƷŵƷĽġ
벻֪Ʒԣְ𣬶һǱвһпԴĻŹӦƾŸ߹ĵλӢǱ׿ķȣƷò׿ԽŮΪ֮ģû˽Ůˡ
Ʒ˻ߣʼҶСһԾţϸϸƷζƷÿһϿžû˵ѵѡ񣺾ܱȫһɵʵ²Ϊĸӣݡ
ȻѾʯʮ˽ƷӦףϵѾʯһأ˷ϡѾΧߣӦʱһϣ翹ôΧ£ͭǽ֮ʱ߾ˡһƺƷˡ
ˣҡܰʲôæȵڲƷķԸ׷ɢȥʱҶСƷ
Ʒؿһۣ㣿
ҶСͷ롭飡
ƷһʱҲеͷˣʲô
ҶСȵصôܣǧ˸оɣţ˾٣ƾһݣһ°ܣƸУǶ˺ңıˡ
Ʒ￪ʼȤˣͷ˵ȥ
ҶСȡ֮أҪȡѾȥĶܣ˵ЩͬڰԼܳɹذﵽ롭ԼҲĪ
⡭һУ
Ʒ˼ЦЦתƽ羲ı̺һƬҶƮƮ£ˮϣ·һҶСۡһβСȻˮð̽ͷһ£ƵƬҶǰһ
ƷҲһҵĵ֮£ҶСԽԽˡһ£ǻ¡ζһ棿룬Ҿһ֤վȲϣҲҲá
Ʒ뵽ͷãôȳϵΣҾͽ

һɵ˾ᡢͷǲûͼֹ˽ʯͽ֣֮·С·ǧȫκ˶¡ֹֺֻ̼ͱĽ룬ʯγʵϵƲΧ
ҶС촩ȿĴͳΣͬװͬ½ʯǡǽʱ򣬼ѾջٷپĲԫϱڣǶ֮ǰƸʱɱʯʱɵսˡ
ſڽ䱸ɭϣȻ룬̲ࡣ˴ƷʯˣҲרѡġбǰԣһڱ׼ĵ˵Ǯֻ˵ӱսңҪȥһδЯҲַˡ
ΪսʯһƬ
ͷССϡϡ䣬ٲշ١׵ǰӵգֻ˰ȣſվԲĳֹƣһֻһ˽ȥſڱʾ۸ϵ׼۶ֹ
ҶСһ˽˳ǣתƵ˾ķɭϣһתƣΪ׳һѲ߮ע⣬Χ
Ǹʲôģ
СͷĿǣɫ
ҶСסǰ𻰵ͦҪˣ
СͷĿһҶСֵԸ߷ˣǴӲ
ͷĿ¿Ǽֵۣסǣ㼱˾ȥҶС̩ȻյĹͷĿˣ̬ȴģһҶС죬ϹϾص룡
ת󣬵粻˾ڵңȫһս֮еĽաҶС˱һԺ⣬˶Ժ⣬ֻҶСһ˱ȥһѵУһ쾮С
СͷĿֹסҶС죬ҶСͱҶС˾ͳԦͷ˵ڣҲƵ
Ϸһɫλϣӡ˵ĸλȴѳױӦӣʱȴһš
Ϸף¼ĸԼĶǧҡϷ˱ȣҲ˵Ĳǰֱ֡һҶС죬ûʧɫһվ
㣡
ҶС΢΢һЦˣ
ҶС죬ʲô
ҶСĪǷΪΪ˾ǧֶ
ҶСЦſһͬһǧᣬҡͷˣϴȷǧߵıȽϽǷƺˣ֮ԳĴȴΪ˾С
ɫԻ¿ҶС켸ۣ㡭ζ
ҶСɨһۣ˰ڰ֣ĸ׷վ˱ȭһ¡ҶСע⵽Щ˶ִĶ誵Ķ˾֮
ҶСаЦɷֻǱſ⣬ַɱͷֻΪŹٲҾнµζȲΪ˾ˣѹּͷ˲
ͷ£ǧᲢδߣºߵߣһҶС졣ҶСܲУǰʯġ
΢΢ʧ˾ûô
ҶС֪ʿղפɿҪԽӴ벻ʯ֮ңǳǣҡһβˣҲˣڳ⣬Żȷˣ
Ʒ
˴ȻʶӾԣæǶŮ׼ң˾գϸмȴ֪˾ң
ҶСĴ֮£Ŀǰʵڲ˲ֹҶС˵ƷתӦױţ˫ֳϣд˵ţ
ϼæӹող˻ӡֽӴչͷһۣǧͷЩ̫˵͡
Ӧֻ˼ʺĻž˵ĿǰĴ޷ǰʯĿԣܣ;ͷˣͳʯΪδµһ֧ǿԮܣ˶Σһ֧飬ͶݡһҲܣǾֻӳȷİȫ
ϿһůӦվǣҵġٽϸһ飬ҲľʹߣܽʯΪӦãӦǰĵλͶӵĵλŴͬҲþһ֧飬ʲô綼˱ܹܵƷֻӳʵ֮ѡǾԸõġ
Ͽţϸϸ˼һϣô
ҶС찴ƷĽϹϾصͷ˷׷׷ʯʯһأʵάϵΪ˰ȫƣȻϣܾͶǰݡ
ϰЦһĵƷȻ̣
淴ʯδʧȥһ֮ʱ֣ΪϧҶ٣תǲֻߵģ㲻һͳʯҲһ֧


89 ӿ
ҶСܿͳ˳ǣصɽ˵뷨Ʒ˵һ顣Ʒ»аЦȴǶ̾ϢһΪǵģȴǾɽסʱƣƲΪʱٳȡ
Ʒڸɽ֮ڣɽۻ֮ơ׼ȷ˵ǹһȺǡһͷĸƸȺǣƷһͷĸҪͬԸȺǣȺǺľĸûɾ֪ˡ
ҶСϸ˼һĿǰ˵ȷʵ֮УġãܴӮһʤ̣Юʤ֮ؽͨһЩС˾ᡢͷˣֻܷ߽
ֻҪһֻ߽⣬һɢɳڣΪǡҪһʤ̣ЧôõĿƸ
Ƹڷᶼһʯ˾壬ҲߣʵʵҲΪǿ󣬴ͼӰЧ
һ鶨⣬ܹĵ׼һʤ̣ɴŤתս֡
ʱƸҶСʾһƽǵļƻҶСµȴչչڰȴ١
پҶС飬ѾͶڬB¡֪ͬҲڬBõĸ󽫣֮жԹǶڬB˵Ⲣǻ£ٺʹ绪ԽˮݣԽҷá
ԣѾΪڬBõ֣ͭɴ֪ͬĿںٸڼΪͭʵĴ˾ʯҲ׵߹հƵݹϵٷڬB֮ȻϸᶼҲ˳ˡ
ȻٷڬB֮ȥûֱӴҶСţţʵϲͭʡʯͳߣһ֪ٵݺء
ȻΣҶСİΣʼǵһλģţ뷽Ҳֿǹһݱ¶ĺҶСݱ¶ѱݾߣʯԸʵţԱҶСİȫˣҲ˫ıϡ
Ƹ˵ķ٣ҶС죩⣬ֻǵһ
˵˾ƸķʱƸΪ˼ɵġԭ̫谮ˣϺӳǽ£ֵǷ꣬ȻװƵ
˾¶˿Ǿ̵ģǶ˵Ȩڱ˼ôûУһػʯʱȴΪǵΧżҵδ֮٣ɻ˵ΪҵĻҵΪŮ˾Ȼ˾֮λ黹ٿһһ״
Ƹ˿ɲǵӰܴˡҳ˵˼鳼壬ǺοգʯҶСԴҲԤϣԻ׼˺֡
ĺ־ǣǧ˼˾
Ϊ˾ٻɷҲ޿ɺǡӳ˾׺ٶλģǸô㣿̫Ҳѿ
ӦҰҲȷ֮λ˾֮ȨΪԼµûشλԤţĶʽ˾֮λٴӶ̳СλϾͻΪ˵Ц
Ҫǧ˼˾֮λΣһ˳˳ִ֣⣬ϻأʱǧ˲˳µسΪ˾
⣬ָǳԱĵڣָľǳǵĹؿڣűڣϲڵȡԵʱѶٶȺͽͨһʯر仯Ȼϻء
ҶСȾƣÿһֿǵˣͷ˶ʯγɺΧͼϹ¶Ͷݵͼʱ󣬳͢ΨһѡҲֻͷеǧˣȷΪ˾
Ƹټ˼λᡢͷˣո鶨ٶȷʯʩѹľͽӵʯǱߴٳֱᶼƸԴϲ·㲻ߣ㴳λô˵
صĦȭƣ֮ǰٻҵȸ˾ӣ浱ҵȺˣȻǸûʶĸ˼ңȻҵȾʹһݵģ
Щᶼÿٴʮˣ಻ˣȫҲǧٰˡ˾֮ľֲսУѾܷ൱á
ٰƸĻվκص˲δɹݡʱٺȻ뻹κةҶСͬסˮɽͣ֮ҵһĻһæ̣
ƸҪȥŤͷһۣкλ˵
ٴκƳȥϵߣ͵ͶＸ䣬Ƹ˫һ޵ƣ
ضֻẰɱֹһƸüЦ̲ס壬кƣ
ƸٺЦһˣߣ

ʯ߷ӿ͢æĺͶսֵĽУţæڶȶģ⹮̷ʶߡأ
ӦǩЭҲǽԵɽľּۣڷ˵־ʦɹͬʱ䳤Ӵ˾ְ񣬴ʿ渰ӡ
һϣӦϸϻزݣðƽȵˮϡˮϣܼͼıԭ
ӦȻˮүӣһ̸УڴӦˮ̡ظøˮȻүںĲֻطӦҲ浽ֻҪطϾͻӵ췴
Ȼû˵֮䰵ػ棬ԼҪĶ͸¶˶ԷӦڽˮ̡صͼʱǼΪģΪŰүӵĳ⡣
ķүӲҪ֧Ҳܳȣֹֻܱ״̬ɹ£ͷַⰲΪϵĵ򱱡ϼ䡣
׵ӦȻŰүͬġֻҪӦ͢׾١ңһ͢Ҳˮϳ֮䡣ϾǷųһͷͻ˭֪˭ɣ
ˮϣˮϵ̾ˣƴܾˣҲԲݲġӦȴֻˮϵļ
һΣӦͲ̫òˡֻͬҪҵĺȣҶȡʱˮ˼һƬȫμͳεԶ֧ƱԺӦĽ˵ķǣڽΪߣҵ̣ƽϢ֮ǰؽ޲ɵĦ
ĿǰڽϣҪμҿƣؽҡڽԱҪڲͳΣͬμҡҶڶ԰Ĳ͵̣˿ڡصȷͳƣ໥󣬲ݷ渶Ľ϶ࡣŻҪμ߰໧ٶĶɽ
ӦͼҲҲƽЩƿƿ޹ˣûЩ϶ͬͰִСϷ˹עһᶼʱҵĴ󽻽Ҳʽʼˡ


90 Χ
ᶼǣ¹
ϼȫͻϮƸ
ʵϵƸ֮ʵҪǿƸıƸװ֮ԶϡҴʱΧ˭Ҳ벻һս䲻⣬Ӧʤ
κΣ첻ʱƫƫƸ飬ƫƫƸԴ˼⣬ֻ֪ӲӲɱļһ߶˸ɶһȻ˵ˮɽϵһĻұһ˽֮սϡ
ȴɺϣҲƸѡƸΪĿ꣬ΪӰ·ͷν
Ƹͷǵټ·£ȻҪѡϳϷʷˡ
Ҳûʲôƾ·ٴЩȫҲǧ˰ˣټƸҪѷϴ˴Դı׼ƣƸδЩɳȥս
ƸʱսдҹѣװѷɫϣȻܿ·硣ƸִŹܵ˼ܵľ͸ˡ˴ϲӾ׷бһ𣬱ɱء
ʵ˲ֻ࣬ΪխֶϰһʱҲ治жֻһɱģΪԷ
·װǿڵˣΨһǷȱľǾʿ龰Ȼ󾪡һһս¡¡ҲӾɱɩ־͸ɣ
Ҳ࣬غСӿɲǼٵġͻȻô룿˾£侲طԷֻǡõᶼƸ£ƣ
޷жϣҲðգΨһȷѡǣˣ
ȻʱͨѶͱԱʣǱȽΣյһ£ֻͼѵصľӲõˣµõô
ܴﵽһģֻѵİ׸˱ӣǳ͢һҲ֮٣Ҫ˵ˡ
ɽһս˽ǧʿһǧʿеɲڳʱɱģܵĹбԶѷǵ׷նɱġ
һսƸ˻ߴɨսƸͰ˳ʼƵĳô
һʱҲıͷޱһƴѹԺС塷һЩ漰µڣһ߻²˳٣١˿ƣ͵˳ƽƣٶΧʯ
ƸĦȭƵصãȥ
æ㡭
ҧƸĶֹһƸȫ̽ܣһµͬ岮ֵܣƺƵɱʯȥˡ
ǡǡǣΧȱһΧǵҲ˵ƣϿһĴѹɽֶ࣬ͶӳֻּվǰĲʿǶơ
Ȼڴ˹УءҲɳŲѸٸϻرֻҪûеǵʵôֻҪһʱ䣬ʱͻᷢԵȷʵǴΧǱˡ
ΧȱһΪƸû㹻֣ͬʱҲΪ˰ӵĻᡣֻӲݣŻ᳹ױ¶ԼͼҳҲֻʱ͢Żı̬ȣͷǧˣ˾֮λ
ΧУոհ˻Ϸۼչƣɵýıǽһսʿûֻ߽⣬ϧΪܣŪԼʿԡ
ҪҪߣԥôߣģǲߣҲףذֵܾĻѾˡ
ϳ⣬ɽڣƷҲڽ˼ŶԲߡϧӦ׳һͳʯһ֧ӲݣӦǼΪ£Ʒȴʮų⡣
ߵǲìܣΪ˽ġɷϣɷȡºոȨΪԼֲ֣Ȼȫ
һжڰԤϷչ滮ĻҪ롣Ѿ;ĩ·ѡ񣬺ܾܿʾˡΡأ
Ʒﴹţʱٲ֣Ϥ˼ϸ󣬱ܲҵģӶǨŭҡ˴زݣҾң
ҵþǣɥ;һʱ˲ãûиϵˡҪءҴĸ˺ܿɿõģˣ͵Ѱ֧
Ʒ˼ã⣬׶ҶСҶ٣Σ鷳ȥһʯǣ
ҶС˾ܷԸ
Ʒɫʯ᧿ΣѲܡӦ׳ʿ󣬾Ƕߡϣ˵ˣಿѸͻΧ
Ʒҹɽƣ˲ȡΧȱһ֮üͻΧġ˵ϣأֻϸϳͻΧһڴ˽Ӧزȥ
ҶСˬصãұȥһˡ
ҶСǰѾԼץסΪݣҲûΣաټƷӰ½ɳǿ󣬴ʱӦˬ죬ƷҲɣοԼһĵ̲׷ѡ
ʱʯϳȻûΧѰȻҲڴʱˡϳŽգŸ߹ң䱸ɭϡҶС˼ˣû£ԶԶ˷ˡ
ҶСڳͷؾи߾˫£˴ǰ͸ƣͷؾ¹ȻûˣŷµŴ򿪳ţǽȥ
ҶСһ·ȥϴвͬͷһ˶ûУЩһ˰յӣҲŴգеĻӶժˣͷֻѲıһͷɥȻʿȫޡ
ҶСΪܿͱ˾һλЩ˾ۼڴУһ̬ѹֵúܡһȴûи߸ףҶСʱѾվӭС
Ҷ٣
ˣߵѾ˽һЩˡ˽飬ǣǨݣͼƣҶСҲӣ˵ƷĽ顣
һΣûмƽƷ棬λͷ¡
ҶСɨһۣλͷô˵
ֳһƬƣ˿Цмλͷˣȥ
ҶСֿһۣǵıҲܿó˵ļˡЩ˶ᡢͷˣأʶŨҪǱ磬ȷ̫ס
ҶСλͷˣòˡ뵱ε˵áȰפпɳɾͰҵ䲿ȴ˼磬ϴӦأҵδɣҲΪ£ԼĿǳ
λ£ȻҲʧȥϳţջʲôǰ̿ԣһ˽ܣݱڲݣػطʱٹʱףǸѡ񣿡
ҶСⷬȻ˵⶯˼æȴ뱾ˡ˶Ů׼ҡػǧԮɱʯλα᲻һʱǨ룿
ٻʯ˾λ׷֮Ƹ˵أһǡоΧǣԥһпɶˮ¾̸ˣ
ͷ˻࿴ͷӶһڷ׷ױ̬Ը׷ˣǰݣɣ
ҶС΢Цǧ˷˾֮λҪ͸ǧһȽϴ⡢ɾİסЩжĵᡢͷ£ʱ˵ŷ֮ţȻǧ˳ǴλܹȻôǰһԶɨɾɣ


91 
ʯǸʵֵʯҲһֻСʲôﻮеŶȴҲӲռ˱ˣҲǱݵĺܣӲ͵ϣԽַǶۻ
ڱȽϺ˵ʱ˼òǮ۵ĶҲܡǰ˴һʯշӣûǮ֧ɽһȣһۣʯҲȻ˼Ҵһʯշӡ
ʱʯշӻû͵ϡΪɽһȻһӣҲ˶ƤΪⵥ⣬ùѪͷǴ
ʯƨſŷϣĿ档Ѳ߹Сصô
ʯ𳳳˾Ҫˡ
ﵣĵҧָףҪ򰡣һȥᶼôˣػܴ˼˵
ףҪ̰ʯƨɾøˣ۾ŷ죺Ǵ̣Ǵ̣˾Ҫö̧ôȥ̵ģ
ͷһЩʿ̧źöҴҸŴЩ̫¸ǶǲˣСԼɼ
˾Ҫҿһѽɷһ߶۾ŷϡ
ʯռ̿ӵĴʹһ£֣˾ܵĶȥ£˾Ӵͷܴβͣզء
Ťͷ㶮ƨ˾¶㵱ƵģǹҼô
վͷһ룬նص˾һͶ˾ȥˡ٣Ҿ֪ǹȻһȣ
ʯʵǲ򽻵ʯмʶģǶ£Ů˵֪ȫѹ˵ļʶ̣һеģ˾Ͷȥˡ

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ڳ£ѳӵµʵʵֱ˺ͼͷ˸ǲÿһ·
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һܵɽҿСŽŮӣȻ㺹ܵõҲ졣ۿ˰ɽͣסŲԿĵػȥһһ
ʯǲǺܴ󣬴ʱܿƸȸ·ϳǳ໹һ룬Ƭ̹ܹĺ·ȴɢüɽ
־ŭôô
ʱŷ֣ĥĥ䣬ӡۿƸ˵ҪЩɽһɢӵӣеسǵĻسǣʱɢˡ
˼ǣЩ̧ϸεˣȻҲĥĥûɽʱһҺһ½󣬱һȺƵ֮زز
ͶݵɣͷҲжɽĻᣬЩͼʲôĸ޶ݣȻлˡýҲȵɱЩ
ˣ˰ɣɽֻ»ء
һȻ˻ȻףͼƷ̬վԱߡЩͷˣֻһ۾ϳ˶ԷҺİĸо
ҶСվһԣŶ֮εĻ𻨣ƶ˵ķ£ҲòϣŮ˷۹ʵľѶȵǣŮ˴ǲô㹴ġ
ĸصңô˽ܳʩչֽţ˾͸˵ˣΪӡˣ˽Ļ٣ƫܹ֡
Ѹ˵⣬¶һ۵Цݣˡ
㣬ЩϸͲĵ˱˰ɣǸϽ·ٿֲǽʲô·˵
ƷҲЦ˿˿ģȵģʵڽǶ˾һԺ޲öԷصԩҡ
ֻͷһۣƸѾҪ嵽Ŵֻú޺޵ض˶ţƷҶСɽȴ
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Ƹ󵶿ұֻͷںͺãһˣܵʲôεΣգ
ߵǰЦᣬɱˣָռȫǣø·һԶɱȥɱ˾ǽ
Ƹţۣѵɽһָ㿴ֻҪǼӰ׷ˣᣬô
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ƸգգۣһãȻ
ǧ˰ܷųѲɣ˾
ƸһԼԼ֪ƾݺ͵λ˷ˣ˿ӵ۵£Ҫ˵Ϊ˾Ͼ͵ñ˵ڶᡢͷ˵ַˡ
ƸȻˣˣˣϽǣƸұײΥɱ⣡
Ƹ˵ˣ̵ǽأҸô
츮˵˴ˣҪͶݣ
ƸȻ򣬵еԣôɣ
ⷬڷᶼʱҾ˵˺ô
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ʿոմɿһ糾ԸˮհӽȥʯϢӲȥˡ
֪һؾʹԡͰ˳ץһԡסӣʹԡ˳ϽƸױųȥ
ţƸ˼ģٿּ֮󣬾ûƸ˵
ǣƸʮֽд֣ЩеĴеСееЩطͿͿĨĨͨ֡־͸˵ˡ
֪˺ôľŶƸţȻΪҲǶˣжȷģƸĴϴдױţ֪ɡ
֪ǺһʲݻҵֽëмأȻԸǧ˳ίΪʯ˾ʯִ֣
ѵˣί˾ǳְ͢ǡԽ
֪ϴ˾ţʯĴӰ죬̧һϺ˾ԿܵӰ졣¼Ȩ˲ˡ
ңʯ˾нƾ֮ȨұΪղ֮£δּȻӣôҲ޿ɺǣȥ


92 ·
·С·ǲðߣɽȻߣȴȫ·ߵɽ֣ҲǴ˵ԭʼɭ֡Ҷĵطߣݽȥÿһܼѡ
Ҷл߳ޣЩδǵ̵İֲûη֮ģΪ̶ûУԴҰ޶Щ߷ἴʱǵ۲УЩѾǵڴȥҲͱಫƫƫЩСͳϳ棬˴鷳
ܲеİ쵣еĴ̣˭ܱʶǴҵĳྐྵǾ綾ߣƽ̹أ˭뵽һ£ӣлܾĳҴҧ
Ϊ˱ν˺ȫܲ͸磬϶ϸһȴŪú罬ÿһ˶Ǳ
ÿһθϵɽȪĵط˵ͬһο񻶵ĽգΪֻд˿̣ǲ»ظ
һϪ;һбĲ̦ľ޴ʯˮ޴ʯΪޣξƷԡĵطЩˡ
ĲԶȻ˴˿ϻǻ˾ñŤһж˲ˣɽУΣ洦ɼƷ˲Ըߵ̫Զ
ͬģЩһʵúð̣ɽʯǱƷ˺޷ȵѸ⣬˽ɽϪϴȵʱεЩҲǺ˽ˮֹÿ˶ˣʪܵ·ϰȥʼϴ衣
ҶСǧ˹ЩȴҲⱣַȡ޾Ĵɽϼ죬˹ĵҲҰޣֻһЩյϰ߻ûôõתѡ
ҲΪЩ΢ĲˮģûЩһζϰġȻ˾͹ƨɶڰߣʼϴ·
·ϴǲɵģϱߺܵҶζΪ˷ͿĨĲ֭ζ֯һʵš˵ǶҪϴֻҪһ̤ǰ̣ò˶ֵǸģ
ǣһͷմͺҰ˺ӱ߻֪ȥϴ裬οˡ
·ϴʪģӱ߻вپºˮˢ֮±Ƚƽ̹ʯͷȫɹụ̀·ȥò˶þٸɣԵЩͷϰϴ·ӱ߶һƨʱҶСǧѾ⵽һ¡
ǧЩҶүҲһλᣬԶǽ˾ǧ˵Ĵᡣǧ˵Ϊ˱ԣѹֵܣȴҪȥ£ôĵȻӦġŮлԼͶ£׸ܹô
ҶС⣬ͬ顣Ǽ氮ƽȵʥˣԴǧ˽񣬰ĸӵǱڵĵˣע֮ʳ뱻ʳߵĹϵ˷Լġ
ǧϵܣ㲻عڵģĸӴӴԶ磬ľġգһ㣬طʯ
ǧЩɥҡҡͷĸһֱΪûôã֪ҿĻȫΪס£һԭˣֻҪֻ߰ʯ±ȻӵطʯæҲǡˡ
ҶСĵСӣһˡϧĸôĴ£ҲԭǣǱлӵģǲݵĸףվǰ·
ҶСһû˵ոװǻƣȻĸƵĿ֮һҲԸ޹С·϶߼Լѡĸ׵죬Ͳˡ
ʱȴһǧᣬΪԸⱳ磿ߣΪһüػȥһУΪ㣿ô
ҶСǧعͷȥͼԡѱϣ·ҲˣȻ·ԵЩξɣҲδͿĨ֬Σ֮ζ
ǧỽһ溮ˮǧǧᣬ˵ȥǧһ£Ǿٲ׷ȥ
ҶСǵıӰһϸĽŲ죬ҶСһŤͷͿһȻȥεˮܽء
Ʒһͷں㷢ԺƤ˸βŰ۽һδ˫ʮŮ
˫֣Ȼ⵽ҶСߣҶСĿ紦ӹȥݴ⣬һȺƨɵĺӶںӱߣһѡ
˵˺ǴֱӹģҲˡԭŮӣȻ߹
ƷҶСͣסֻ˰ͷԵ磺£˰ӻȥ˵Щʲô
ҶСȻšЩ£ҲǸøʱˡ
Ʒ͡һЦҶСһۣЦӯӯصҲ֪£
ҶС̾˿룬ʯžֻǧһ˲Ų֪ŶҲԣǧӦҲǲ֪ģ˾ǲȷ
Ʒɫһ£Ѹٱ˵һޱߵķ˿м죬Ӧþ߳ʯҵĵˣ˵գŤתȵ߿ˡ
Ʒһ·ߣǿӯĲڵϣȴǰ͸һɱҪӳʯҵĵˣ׷һֱ׷Ȼһ·һЩˣҧҧһЩˣȴˣþ춯ˣ

Ƹһֱ׷׷ɽУÿһضԳɽʯϢҲͿԼʱ͵ϣʯǱҲܼʱϤ
һ죬Ƹյ츮Ϣǧ˱ͷˣ츮˻ţϻʯţֵõϢؼկҲɳ˰׸˱ӣҪδʯ
ƸõϢϲ·פʯ˾ͷУҲЩ˼ֻǹ˼أ֣ʱӵϢҲͳġ
ϢƸᣬĿѴ롭ǣԼӽ׷ˡ
ȻƸվȥȵһɢƸתȴֹشȥᣬ㻹һ
ƸȻʲô
ٵҪϣֻҪˣǧᣬҲҪһɱˣ
ƸһΪΣ
ٵˣ밡˵˳⣬ô໵£վ˾ĸץ˻Ļ˾߱ĸôɱǾ͵ùţ쳤վãԹĸϣʱԼںεѽ
ƸȻһţӻεţָţȴ֪ͭ˾᲻÷ˣĳؽƸ
ٸźȻԵõһЦĵҪֻò˶þǭ¿ˡĳ⣬ǽڽĻʵۡʹ޵ɱֱ֮˵ɱ塯ͽˣ
ǲҪģǧȻαӣĻܻӵΪѣ׷;УǹۣǾඣٺ١


93 Ů
Ƹһ£׷øˡֱ仯εģеÿһ˶ظо׷ԽԽֶԽԽϬ˴㶾Թ
׷ɱնȻԱأĻУƷ˺ҶС˵Ȼܵõϣȴ׷˶ͷǣҲмڴɥ
˾ɥǣ׷˱˱ͲԸ⣬¸Ƿ׷룬һСͷˣҲҹ͵͵ˡǾϣˣҲˡ
Ʒһ·˲¸谭׷壬ʵն񻷾£Ҫټʲô壬һá
ٽ׷εĶ̱ӣƷÿζ׳ʿ¾ⲫĲ£Ѹ롣׷ȽʱС
ƷʱὫ·ɳһǱҲɳһһ˶ĺ޻ɣƷȴĹУѲĸĲһδεط˳ȥߵĻԽԽ١
˿̣һƬɽȡƬɽէһƽ̹ŨߵȴǿӿݣЩط̲һ̤ȥǻˮ̶·ѡ
̤һ಻ԶĲݵӣóľ̽ȷʵأԾȥò׶ȹƬɽȺǾƣ
Ʒ׿˿ʱ·ֿ˿̱ˣϵصֱߣҶ٣ǧɽߣ
Ʒָָ͵ɽǧҺĸȲǣǴɽ߰ɣЪһɽߡ
ǧλ׼ĸû˿ģֻĸ׺ĸ룬Щԥ
Ʒ׷ˣǷֱ·һ·ץһ·ҲܻĻᡣ⣬ڵģҪɽֻǲˣҲ
ƷЦ֪ТģǲֱˡֱߣһԱⱻһ򾡡ڸߴЩ׷Ҳ԰Һᡣ
Ʒ˵ţõ̱ڵϣ׷ɽٿʱٷɽȣҪķһʱ䡣ϾҪӳʯؾˣ˵ǵĻᡣ
˶ƷﱾǺнĵģƷⷬƷǺԼһӦûĸӵĴ㣬ǧᣬҪԥˣϺҶɽ
ǧĸҲô˵ҲǵӦҶСȻƷ˺ϲҲûƷʲôľٶƷ˵ĿܸһЩ
ȻѾһһͿԼҲԽȥӦѾԴ׵Ĵ㣬Ҫ׷ӳʯɡ
ĳЩŮ˵ļģҶСƵȻǲ㡣ǧһЩɽˣɽѴû·ȫǵͰĹľҪһ·ŵɽ
һصɽʱɽһƷѾЪ·ˡŤͷʱ·ͼ׷Ѿ̤˲ݵӣǧ᲻˿
ȿߣǰǴ֣УǴӸߴ۲죬ѿɽϣ׷ָָ㣬ĸ˵ķǶԵģȻ׷
ȻѾ˿ҲͲعˣҶСǧϵܣǿߡ
ǧӦһҶСȥɽߣ׷ɽǻῴеһ·ػһ£ƵУ׷Ȧӣȴ԰ĸõᡣ
ò˵ǧıԻǲġԴ֪ԼʵݣһӳĬ࣬·һҹ֮óˣƵһḡѡ

ҪáƬܣ˳ڣƺеĿҲϢ
˵ѯ˼䣬߹ȥ˵ˣӦдյĽų̾߳ȥʱǾͿɽ·ˡ˾ǲ˾ġ
һ·ֲƷʲôľٶȻ˵ĹϵȻǢ˶ƷĵҲôˣ˵ºࡣ
̧˰ѺЦڵٶôǾΪɣ˵꣬ߵһɫаչӳʯϽˣôҲζţҪˡ
ӣδŵۣɽбգͬһǱǺͨǲͬģɽ֣۱죬ֳһҲǵĶ֡

׷ɽѭҶСǧ˵㼣׷ȥ
ǧӵÿ಻ԣ⡭ЩڣոջôԶôܵô죡
ٱϾǺүɽԽЩŵԱҶСҲòĶȥ䤱ϻƬҶӣмۡ
ǧϵܣǡĿ껹̫ˣֿ֡߰ɣ
ҶСؽ飬ǧῴ棬׷Ǻֻʣ¶ʮˣĸ׵İΣ˲˸ţʮһʯˡ
ɽʱĻˣֻɽ·Уһʱǰǧ¶˾ģҶСǡ˶ڣʱĺۼʵ㡭˵Ķԣֿߣ
̧ͷ˿Ƶɼӷ϶롣ģ̌ͷķָǱߣƿȻǱ߻ϣǸϵʱӦѾʯ׷Ҳ޼ɵˡ
ãҶСӦһŤͷֿһ·үһ·ߣ죡
Щ׷ȻǴʯĸǧᣬʣ߰˸ҶС졣˾ʹ˷֣һΣĿĵء
ҶСƵķƻɽȱߵɽܣҲ׷ţƻصɽʱһһͷ˵ϡ
׷ҲһͷԵʱ˳һͷͻֻҲûˡҶС̱ڵϴãԻָɽȱߣɴȥŨһƬӰȴ
Ҳһ˽Ҷ٣ǴɽɣкһЩɽϴ̫ܣ˵׷
ҶСҲǵӦƬɽ䶸Ҳǲߣ߰˸˾СҰݻ壬Щضθɴͷһƹȥǵ˹ʱǱˣеΣʵɽϺʮ
ҶС쾫񣬵ߣǰȥ
Ʒ֮䣬õαɢǴΧƷߣʱȴԶ׼һĿ꣬һһķʽ˴Ӳݴߡ
ǰߵһ鿪أˮʱǶУ˷ܵصˮ
Ʒ֣
һ⣬Ƿ׷׶֣ذ׷ͱЩʯʱϵĿϲûȥҲ벻Ϊʲôڼӳʱߵͬһ
ɽɱ˾͸ˣ˵Ʒ˵ҪһЩģ£Ȼ͵Ϯ˭ֵܵһУ·ɣ̼ͷ­·һ㣬İ׵ɢһء
㡭ǡ˱䶸˻׼˾䣬һŷʱɷס
ƷûпŤͷжֱǿвһŵһ˵ƷŻعͷЦſһۣ׵ıݣ·¶ķ


94 ɱ
ϪˮǰõˮǹϥҰݣͿˮ
ߵϪˮߣ˹ȥݴб档Ϫˮ߶£Ⱦһ峺ɽϪССڵţĺͷڶˮָ϶Ҳʡ
һˮȰգð̵ĺõ滺öͷֿʼϪˮϴӡ
ˮС㣬ˮ㾪ɢοˮһںɫˮߣιûж࿴һۣҲûΪһһߣల¡
ϪߣϸԲΣ«״һʿ毺˵ıӰ溬ɱһƺǺ«ưꡱһʣȴһְֻסˡ
ʿ̧ͷͼƷ￴ˣҡҡͷȻȵ߹ȥݴԣƴνһɴͣ£Ҳʼϴ
ŮϴͨҪܾúܾãϴúܿ졣һ·棬ҲͰ͵Ĳǽ۵ϣ˾ôվӨ󡢰׻۵ϴžӨˮ顣
һֱ㲻һӡˣΪʲôԸɷͶӣȥ£֪ƾݣ㵽ߣҲ޷ӵһݣ
Ʒ΢΢°ͣģü۽ȴǰķâü£⹳
˻شúܼࣺΪӢ檣Ϊӹޣ
Ʒü⹳ʣνӢۣ
˳ĬƬ̣ЦˣЦҡͷ㲻㡭䲻
Ŷ
Σ顣һĻǡ
˵һڰλ͵Ů۵ૡһ鶸ȻܼģԶֻһĵĺ࣡㡭
˿Ʒôѡ
ƷҲЦˣͬЦҡͷɣˣҿǴСͱ軵ˣԣֲô
ҪƷȴ᣺Ҫģ˰һ仨Ƶϣû壡ôϷ˵ģ˾ôģ˾ôֻǱ׾α
Ʒ߳ժһ䲻֪ҰתУ·黨΢Цķ𣺡㣬ı׾ȴ޴ϾΪһ޴Ů̫࣬˵ʵ㿴ףȴŮ˲ŻᱻŪڹ֮ϣ
ƷŻ˱ȻһŶãǶݵʱȻϧ˭˵ȻУʱҲˡ
Ҳܿ췢֣һнƽѤ̻ģսȥʱô죿ͣ벻ͨ͸ԼһŮǲҪͶһ϶ˣ
ΪӢ檣Ϊӹޣ
Ū˵ţƷ˻࣬ۺɫ֭ҺȾָЦһŻ˵ĺ;ǺˣûҲû޶˾㲻Ϲ
Ʒſ֣õĻƼ׹䣬ӯһֻҲţʣ辪裺ִϹŮˣʲôȥ
Ʒ˵ľݶ赭дһԹкŴϵһԧǷʻδɷ˿ӳˮ龧ӨСġϲһյƣͨ͵ĵƹӳϣȻⶨȻԡ
ȥƮƮ³仰ɽϴѾƮȻ˵һϢһƣƮƮߵĺġ
ƣʯҲջᡣԸһո۶һµשͷӡ¡
һƣ˵ӣ̶ϾһѪδüӿ͡
ֻüŴ۾ؿƷᵹϪˮСˮˮа븡Ʈ˼£Ȼ˫Ϫ߻һǳǳĺۼ˶ƮˮС
۹˸峺׵ˮϣ·һֻĺӹ峺գԶȥ
Ʒվںӱߣ£ƮˮӽűƮƮԶһָޱߵķ˿ȻͻȻͽסˡ
ӶĹľð߰˸ˣҰһǱǶһı飬ҶС߰˸Ʒӵʱࡣ
ɽ׷վãβ֪⣬һֻƵ˵˶԰԰ʿ书ͲǣǸոǱãֻƬ̹߸˾ͱɱֻʣҶСһˡ
ɽּҶСʱҶ˾̡߲һ͹ȥ˫ָ߾٣УˣС
ҶС벻ߵͷ¿ӣʲô¶ȫ⣬ƫһͷȥָ췭ظҲݡʱȴĺܣǾΪӣԸΪɽҰһ߸õʬ塣
ˣС
仰ʱֿǵƷûƷӦǰܳ裬ˣӡ£ݣʼˡ
˳سΪӡˣƷһĲŬԼҲΪˡҶСôҲҶ㻹ã
˵Ҳ˵СҲһҿ˾׷ôͬʱҲҸأỵ¡
ס֣
ƷȻһɽֱ֪ҶС⣬ԲŰŵұƽʱڵƷδȻ֣ô˵վסӡ
Ʒصûˣ
ɽ˴˷ģһҲδŹ
Ʒ
ҶС죬̤Сӹϵ½°ڶʪ͸ˣƷ￴ҶС⸱Ǳģ֮¡
ҶСҸմɽΪڻңˡףأĪ
ҶСţȫȥĶƷһĨЦ⣬ҶСգ۵ƻЩˮʪ⣺СԽԽˣ
ҶСЦˣһʶȤ
ƷһתŽˣΪγƷˣ
ҶССˣƺһҲʲô
Ʒһ㣿£
ҶСû˵ֻͦأƷ£ֽһ¡
ƷЦЦû˵ڼҲȨҶСأûɱûС
ȻҶС֪ϣһǱڵвȷҲԸʧȥҶСȨ֮£ֻȰ¸һߡƷҶСǧأ
ҶС׷̫Ŀֿ̫ˡԼĻϵص㣬ƣһƣҪӦûҪһʱ䡣
Ʒ˿ѾˣвѾʧǧءң˺ǧᶼˣӦǰҲʵزý
ƷͷԸˣˮǰУǺܿ߳ȥˣӿӱߣƷɫЩҶСһۣȣӣСӾұҲųɡ


95 
ǧж˴Ȧӣ˲ľյڣйҰݡľ·ʱʱ͵УǿʶҪȥķλ൱ˣȻ׼ȷִԭص㡣
ǧʮڴжһȦӣƻȥʱԭص㳬ǰأѾ൱ȷıʶˣҪĲ¶ڴɽ߹˵ˡ
˴ѾӽɽֵͬʱҲʯҿıԵɽ¾һСׯǧӳȥע⵽һĺۼžҵСӣƷˡ
ҳˣ
ǧ˳ӭȥĿһɨһأ
ƷӭɫЩȻǧᣬ
ǧϵѪɫˢһȥĸ
Ʒļ򣺡ǧᣬڰ˳䣡
ǧˢһ¾촽ŵôģ
ƷﰧҡҡͷõƵۿҪӳˣ׷ԽԽҪһӱߵʯΪߣ䣬±߼ʯͷײкԡ
ǧ˫ϥһ˵ϣˮΪʲôû˷һѣΪʲô
ƷĿӨȻݵصʬ壬ʬҰǡ׷ϡǧᣬˣѪҪǵѪҪ
ҶСһԿһĻͷȴһŮˣʶذϵ㲻ǣұԷŵҲٻݶϵȺšʵϣƤĵʵ޸ϵ˾ҶС첻

ǧ˸ϻʯʯǳ׻ظȻ˾ûǼ˾˾ĳӣǾãǳװˣ̱ǧ˵
·˾ͷˡǣ㶼õǧ˵ļν͸лȻ֮£Ȼǧͷ໹δõȻûЩ֣·Ҳ˵ʲôִֶⷬ˵Ǿ;һûа׷ѣοĺܡ
бЩΪ˾ҶЩ˼ˣǧ˹ҰģۼؼҰ׸˱ľоηһңҵĵλ˿ûܵӰ죬ڲķɽͷѾȥԵһˡ
ᡢ˾뿪ʯֻʣƸʱˡһգƸյһϲϢˣˣ
˵ʬɽһСӱ߱˷ֵġ
ƷɽһƻڸûƤ࣬Ϊ˵ݵλվףƷɱ֮ģȴûŰ֮⣬Ÿȫʬ
ºƷҲЩһ֮ˣǧ˵ˤʯײкԶҪҵʬ壬򲻷Ǹô죿ݵֻͷһӶδ̫⡣
ԭܼ򵥣Ұڶ࣬ʬδܵñȫûҰֺһ·ȥĿģʬһһʬģ·ģĻʬ
˵ʬܱܲɽ˷ֶ˵ʲôʱͬ˵˵ֵʱ޷ˡ˼ȥĿʵ΢΢ƷȻΪ˵ġ
˵ʬ屻ֵıȽ磬ƷԤϣʵѲˡʬһ·˳£˵ûʳʬҰޣˮʱļĿ⣬;Сٲɽⱻ˷ʱģϵóˡ
ҪΪ׷мȷݵҲôȷݡ򣬵Ȼ˻ؾһ·󷴶ھϡ
ƸյϢʱʬѾװ˻ص·ϡƸĵľ˻ţ˾ǰһｵһεС˾ǰĸ׵ݣֻҪץˣǶǸв
Ƹ·£ֻǧ˱ϢʱȴϲɫģǧƸ˵һػա
ĸ״СͲǱϾԼĸףǧ˴Թȡĸ״Ŷܱ˸ףݺ֪һеҲĹûҪĸܵ˺Σĸףʱ˿ֻ̣޾ı

߳ɽ֮ƷһܵḺ́ЩǿͳڱǱ׷ڲԼϽҲ˹˼ɡ
ǹ˴¦ɽһ벥ݵ׷ͳʧˣҲ˴Ϣ֮ϢѸ˺ͣ·ֻһ·ƣʱҪЪϢһ£ÿֻϰ·
һգǵͩͩСǭŻǭԿ֮ƣͩأаλɲο˾ӦίεٸһǵЪ޵һλ˾ͳΣλ档
泤ٱϹϾذӭԼĸۡȫ˳ڲݵպգԴϷ󣬷Ǵԣӡ֮λĪ泤ټлᣬв߾ͽĵ
벥ݾںǧʹТÿֻԴֲ赭Ȼû̫ТҲǾܵؾΪӵТҲ⣬ľӴȥ˽˿֮֯˯Ӳ崲ϣ泤һ⡣
ƷһͰ׵ĸˣһ·ǧչ˵΢ʱ̸ĿǧмѡȻҲȻԼӦӣôӾ;˵ŮǰԼĸ
Ʒֿǧһ橵뿪סһҶСס¥еƹ뵽׮£ƣתסֻȴֹתԼס
ҶСԡѱϣصĲˮ¶ãҶСһ裬һһʯʵòһӦţȥ֮ǰѾ̳ºˣֻøƷߣӦ߸ױ¶ˡ
˲ݣȴ֪Ե֮·Ҫ߶ãҲ֪ðݡ孵ձڴӵǰ֧Ŷã֪Ӧơ
ҶС˼ãΪЩϢʵ̫٣ȲɿĽҲֻ̾˿ӹš
ӦӳͭʰɣˣҲи˿ΨһģǰݺݵĽɫĪٰˡ
ҶС뵽ߵ죬ҶС̧ͷһۣǵСѾ첽߹ȥ˷š
ſڵ£һλˣǡҹ꼡
Ʒ︺ֶģһۣչһЦ˫СС澵ȥɣлҶ̸
С澸һ˳ȥƷ˫һţһڣȹβڶƶˮ
ҶСԴӼʶƷĺֶΣŮ˱ӽ䱸ʱɽŵվͷ꣬Ҫôˣ


96 ѱ©
ƷȻһЦӯҶС߹ȥ߳һ·顣ǽŲزڵϣצӣزϵһèצһ㣬ӭϮƱǼ䣬׵˼
Ļ䱸һ˼ķζķҷ˱ǣҶСҲÿŬԼƽƷﻹǸоȻķӦĵһЦ㼵Ķ֮Уƺ΢΢صһ¡
ѵûдΧӣ뵽ҶСĸˡ
һŮߣĺֲ֮ûмŮˣã
ҶС첻ϵظԼȻСֵܻǲܿƵƷͷʾˡҺ۷󣬲¶󣬵Ʒٵĺоı仯
ʱֻ֫嶯ʼջ󣬾Ц⣬һζҶСĿⲻرţ·һƬһʯ
¶Ĵ䴺ڲס毺˵Σ۹µķɫƹ͸͸͹ӳ֣䶼
ѵ
ҶСȻʶʲôˡǰƷһܻӭӣ֪ƷһƾӦĳ谮ŴŰϷɻڴģƺɴ˲һ֪ɫҲһһֺϬ
ҶСҲܸоʱֻϷŪҲãֻΪ˳ڡΪˣһû
ҶСϾ뵽Ϊʲôʹֱ仯һͻɸɲһ𣬵һҪģҪ׿ң
İѱֲԼ©ͬӵһܣӶ֤˫ѣͬ
ŮΪĿǲֶεģûʲôܼõģԼ뵽ɱʱֶֺΣҶСʱͬһưˮͷ¡
˯ͲɱլҶС뵽ܵĿºϵظԼı仯޷ƿأԳͷȴ
ƷЩĶΪ׵İʾ£Ʋס˺·ǡⲻҶСһıְƷҲܿ뵽ܵԭ򣺡Ҵ˵ֶˡ
ƷЦţŤȻҶСĻۣסĲӡϣ¾͸оǼ̵ͦڣƷһЦǰΡΡķͦ˫ǰֶһ¡
Ʒ῿ȥۻĦգߺصΪʲôôСء
ŮˣմãɡϴʾܾǲһĽɫ˳ˮۣҶСĵһ£ϽסŮˣմ˾ǺֲϿӾͲ˵
ҶСڴżܣһȰƾͼƣ˵һȰֿƣҪһʧǧźޡһҲ֪˭ռϷ硣
ƷоЩӲټһѻŸͦˣۻ֬ӯͦε˫Ҫ˫ĵ۾ʪúҪγˮԲͦؿʼɵĥʵĴҲع
ģܾܾҶСа˫ֿʼһһ̧𣬵Сһ𣺡ˣԴ˴Ӻ͸ˣ
ڶʱһ޴⾲ֹǶƬ֮Ʒ΢΢ףȸ࣬ҶСĶһʾ˯㣡

ҶСۿһɧĵŮˣܿһׯӺݡ߹ŵˣ橵߳ȥ˿ܿɳܵľȻеʧ
ֻǸҶСǰοԼʵҲңΪŮˣմá
Զҹ̴Ӻ͸ģӦ졢ܹһʵ߲
ԶѾ֪ҪӭӵĲˣġүǧᡣӦķ£ڲݵ㣬ԶҲ֪ǧܿδӡ˺СүԶҵ
Զҹ̵ظϵƷƷڲЩʱյҲ쳣ģйزݺˮݺˮ͢춯зʶľٶһϸ˽˴ҹʱ䡣
ֱһж˽ԶǣߵſʱȻһĶͷһ£æתƷü˼ԶϢԶһˡ
Ʒ̧ͷԶҲˣ־ںϡ
ƷͷĿ뿪ָˮˮ벥ݽеķӦܾӦĽƺ̫˳ЩҪ˵ˮˮĿģֲȷ
ɺ񣬰Ļʵۣǧ˾ף峤ã˾ĹԲϸ仯˾ʼΪһΪԱΪһѡ
òŵ£ϺȷʵûɺģӦûŶԡЩȴҲҲĳ⡣
Ҫ£̫˰
Ʒ˼ãò˸пЩܶ¶Ե΢ˣаԶĵѹûӰӡ
ͭϮͻȻչֳǿʵ͸Ͼ˼ˡЩȻϾȥϸ飬ȴҲ˹һƷֱ
ƷĽӦֹ۵Ķ࣬ʱӦ־ʸ˸жࡣ

ѲźڵһլԺڣԾΪٶȸϵĺٴ칫Ź
͢ƹһµĽܵڴʱ˿̷Ҫã縺˳еؾԱ׼ȷ鱨ѶϢ֤ΪΧ֯վһҲͬ縺Ҫʹ
ΨһǣΪ֯ĵĽ֪ΪΪΪΧ֯վǲ֪ΪΪһȺƵŸϢЩϢ٣ȫֻ𴫵ݡ
͢ϢڴݵϢټ١٣ֱӴӾʦֽۡšֻɿķ⽮ĹԱյϢʵġ
ͨطٰϢ޲ڽϱ˾֮ͨơ׫ɢġսʵսʵҪķ͸ıֻ࣬Թ֮ܰ쵽κһ֯һЧǳ롣
һǷںһͨµһֻҪ󲿷Ҳܱȫɱһʱ䣬ͨѶ͵ܹɱεʱȻ
ðѾ߸ˣǽڽڰˣռĵط׷ױոð;ĩ·ɷ͢Ȼܽ䱸һϢʱʤ˫š
ڳսϢĸãᶽɡɽء÷Ϊܱʾ򶫶볯սʱȻƽӦ췴ʱѾڲ֪䱻ˣ


97 º«ư
ϺͣҶСܸоϴвͬ
һʱܸоõڼӹ̡øҪһΣδͣͷƾسһհ֣ǰɽҲ˺صĸǽ
ҶС컹ע⵽ˮˮλ½һӣļȷǶ죬ַǺˮΪλˮλΪλ½ҶС첻ܲ롣
ӦûӭɽƷǧˡǧʯףһ̧ͷͿӦ̨֮ϣѩٷ硣
һμӦƸ֮ʱһΣУӦֻδӵĸףһοӦ뵽Լǧζʵ
ף⡢Ѫˣֲݶܸǧῴ˵ǰǺޡƷһۣƼӵɫѵǧᣬǰݼˣ
ǧѣžٲӦǰ죬װݵ
ǧᣬӦǰֲӦ֪ԼĶӣǰǷǧύҲҪ֪
֪ˣӦҲǲڵģһ˻ʵۣҲҪˡвֹһӣҲûΪӴС߳󣬾Ͷϧ
Ӧǧݣ̾Ϣһĸ׵£Ѿ֪ˡģһգһֻҲˣɽס°ɡ
ǧɬȻĵ֪֪Ѿ֪Ķӣ仰վûʳڣǧͷӦһ˵һߡ
ƷǰӦӯӯһӦչһЦĿͶעҶСϡҶСɤӣǰȭˣ
ӦͷҶˡĳǰЩʱҲֻЩڿס°ɣĳᾡţ룡
ҶСһȴһмģлΪҶĳֹ

ҶС쵽˿ᣬǰסǴԺ䣬ոסݷˡ
һݡֻǷɫԺڵֳĿҶСæӭȥѾнӹ֣ߣ֮ңҲӳˣ
ǰҸֻǿϧӡ첻Ӱ
˲̲س˼Ƥ̺ҶСѾ˲裬ƳСѾһ˵£ڻԱߵ˶ȥˣ˵ɫų
ҶСȥʯЩʱնסɽҲ֪ɽˡ
Ӧͬˮˮ򽻵˵һ飬ֵ͢볯͢Э顣ֻǴʱȲٶνʶ֮£
ҶС˵վͻֻţ룬˿ܽô
һ룬΢΢׵ҴŲµôˡ
ҶСɫһô죿߲ˣȫ˵Ǻ࣬ȻҲȷ˶Ӧе⡣
ӦصլοƷＸ䣬ְӻ˹ɶ˼ףǰ
Ӧ˿ڲ裬˹صˮˮķΪһ棬ǳ䶨ˡҲûʲôˣΪ볯͢ԼΪҲùӡˡӽⲥݣͽˣ
һ̡߲һ͹˵ϣͷĵֱ죺ײɣ򲻿ɰףεºܴΣﶦʢⲥ¿벻˸ţ
˵Ŀ˵ˣȴû֨Щ죬΢΢̧ͷһۣͼӦһֶŲ豭һֶŲǶؿ۾ԴŪ
һЩ֪ˡ
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˺üĵͻȻֻࣺΪӦ͢һ棬ǲܡ
ӦۼǸ£ҲҡͷٿֵľګʵȽϾĶɶɫɶȥ׼һ£վȥӣ
ɶ䲻ԸȴҲ֪ԼΣֻôӦһ
Ӧһڲ裬Ƶصȥ죬Ҫע۲һз紵ݶһӦʲôϢʱͻҪĴϢ
ӦĿһɶغҲĴ£ʱͲʲôˣѰһлӻ
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ӦүүҪɵĲôֻϧûɳɣ޺͵ճӸϳˡӦȴһǿ˾֮⣬ԼֵøɫЩӮøʶҪȡ֮Ҳǲܰ
ɶ˻ᣬ˷ܵصǣ
Ӧͷһ֣ɶ˳˳ȥӦͷĿ񣬹˰Σһ˫Сḧ̫Ѩᰴ
ӦΪƷְסֻ֣ſ۾ȴһ㶡ոԡѱϵƷЦվǰ˭ӦŤͷһۣȴһӣ˫ѾٵļŮüۣκš
ӦȻʧЦ
ƷġŮǧǸŮȻŮϾǴСԼŮҲû̫
᰿ɲ֪ԼĸǰԷޣ˵Լδ˺ͣһŮϲæȥƷƷλף
Щ˰ɣŮ࣡ЦţڵطţӦЦŰס֣ȥǧôš˵δףǲġ
ᰵСʱһ£ӦȴüͷһֵɽҲû˸ҽӦͷȥɣ
ᰴϲллֻıϲȵ˿ȥһǧƸƹһΣһ˲ţϲϼ
Ӧ̾˿ԭ˵ǧһģǧɥĸҪˡ
ƷﲻΪȻʮ壬Σ
Ӧ㻹ʮͼңء
һЦӦЦݵǧͶᰵĻ¿ԵȣţǱȴܵˡ͢ѷܹȥˮˮʱҲ鷳ˣôʱţ鷳׽ɣ


98 һ
ҶСΪ룬ţ룬Ҳܶǰ£Բõķࡣ
һǹȨҶСݣӦıӻɴɽͷٳţķѡȫİ취ӦôΪ˭Ϊ˭æأ
ķѣţĺȣţæңϾˡȻӦ췴ţܸϰӦ˵ԺԲơ
һţܸɵ鷳öԶˮˮСжɵţôһ֣ЧСΪҶСӵһҪ˹ĿȥҶСô
һ취ҶС޷ϵ˾ݣͨһڶȡţĿȨһݣţ˳֣Ϊ򿪻նŵĹؼ
أܵĻҶСпܻʹɥǲܹﵽһЧţķѡ˷֮£ԸðӵӦ˵ѡǻò²ô
ȡڶ
ӦҶС˵ĴʱҶСɫϵˡҶСͰ͵صˣҡҺòײӳţ룬㡭Ҫһȥ
Ӧͼ˰ټήųƺı˲٣ȴһ漰ܡӦǿ̲ͣɫصէһȷʵա
ҶС԰԰Ҳá
ӦĻϸϸ˷ȥȴоա
ҶСãȻӦӦĽ͵Ѿ֪㲻ҶСˣô
ҶСͷӦʣûɱأ
ҶСҡҡͷӦչյˣôΪʲôɱأ
ҶС룬룬ðҶܣţڲҡ
Ӧһѭѭյϯĵ޶۵ıѧˡʧ٣Ҳֻ˾°ߣְȨţ¿϶һֱҪѰ䣬ľƣʱţ룬ҺȻɱô
ҶСԥԲĵصںͣƱλ
Ӧ΢Цǻ򵥣ֻ˵һ䡮˾ĳ˿ˣΪòΥ֮˵Ŷں͵㣿
⡭ҶС촽Զԡ
ӦͰ׵ؼɱ㣬һɱ㣬ʵ˴Ȩ֮߱ΨһģָݣָȨλǰ£ж˻ˣжٻԸţ룿ɹʧܵĻᣬһһ룡
ӦĴִҶСļͷģɹĸٻСֻɻһɻᣬֵȥðաοɵĻᡣҶ˾Ҫԥ𣿡
ҶС컹ԥģΪϵԽԽã̫緵ţ룬Ѵһٳɹδ״ˣټ棬ʩʼЧҽϷ룬ֻǴˡ
ϧӦѾԥĻˡ

ٴԽԽùˣΪҪϢѾԽԽѡ
ð췴ʧˡ췴ռĵ̱һʳ⸴ֻʣ֮أΧϳرذΧۿѵĿܣ֮еðȫԷ١
ð췴Ϣս͢ϢӦϾ׶Σһ׶Σð췴֮͢ȫŲ²⣬ȾϢĶǣ
ðݴ»ˣðݴˣðݿŹˣϾҪðȫˣðҪˡҪ봨ˡĸ
ȵ͢ӦϢʼʱս̼Ҳ;ʱľǳֳ͢˶ٱո˶ٵطʱʱҪðѾսϢ˵ɸ翹ֻĲв
ԴΪ˴ﵽԻӦĿģٴƹϿŬ֯һŰ١ѱϢӦŴ鱨ðѾսϢϼѣٴҲֻϵһһ졣ųʷϢúٴ˿
ձһֱи룺ֳʺΪձȡһڴ½ϵأڹŷʱձ񹦻ʺͦŴԳʣڱƣձ֮ȮҲ
һĶȴ˳ǳһΣǴӳ֣״彭һսжףܵһͿӴϢģһֱЪԪԪΣֹܴɡ
䣬ձԾЪԪֿʼˡѡ̽ĿȻǳʡʲһѸԮɳı࣬죬ʧܡ
ʵѶɳɣٶ볯һνչ˳ȿƽСг˺ָǣŤתսֽ֡ھʮıзʧأЩ
ͦ­Uʾ֧Ԯٽ򡢱ɽȴվվȱòɽȵأʼ̸С
վҡŰ͵ʱ򣬴ڳĽѸٰϢ˹ڣԺٴ֪ս͵̸н׶εϢȳ͢١
սҲҪƽϢˣӦϤ࣬Ҳʱ췴ˣٴȻ˿ٴôˣϣỨ԰ڣҶСȴڶ
ðطͣӮӦΣΪסҪôȥǴ˴ðնͼô˱š߿աɧ
̾˿ǰӦʱڹؼʱ̷һ˭ϡ
һתȻϲ˻ţ룬Ǽȥأͼ߱Ȩ˾֮ȨһӦȻΪţѾգղһ
ҶС룬ҡͷףţ䣬Ѿ̫ˡ˵һӦȷţ룬Ϊ᲻֮Ȩֻ𣬶Ԫˣ̫ˡ
ҶС̾˿ģȴҲû취ôѾҶӦ֮⣬Ϊ͢ȡʱ䣬Ҳ֪ġ
ҶС֪ˣȴԲ֪㣬˼ãӦҶС壬֪ͨļҺʯչͬţ룿
ҶСļҺʯչңлԼҼȻǱӡ˴ȨĻӣҪҳԮͬʩѹӦҲ͸¶ˡ
ָߵ˼ŵô˭ȥأ
ҶСӦɴ커һȥ
ĿҡҡͷףҿٰһȴҲûпܡֻǣҪ⻤ţѡһ
ҶС˭
Ʒ


99 Ⱥƻ
Ʒкô
ҶСˣ֪ƷȣƷʵҲ˼ϵķ֧Īǿͬ˵ķݶϣƷӣ
ܼ򵥣Ӧ˵Ʒﲻӣһ֣һıҪԶԶڴ졣⣬ƷľӪ꣬Ӧ´һء
ҶС۾ˣܰƷͭʣڶӦһۡƷһɵȺףȻҡ
ҶС졢ԶˣҲƷһ಻ɣ
Ӧ΢ЦԣӦֱ۶ˣһкܶҪȥǸµֱۡǶڣⱻӦԼͼںģһɾ񣡡
ҶСһЦ

һѤĻ԰ͬڽ԰֣Ҳͬڱ԰֣԰־£԰ֺأǱ԰֣ҪһȻĴ
ûˮپˮûлԣɽĻƵ̵Ļǻԣûмɽͻأµʯͳ˼ɽһ԰־һɽ
ҶСƷɽһ԰С
ԣСϣɷͬСţ롣
ƷҶСһӰ˵ɣվסŲĵü΢΢һĺ磺Ǵʣѡȥûԭģľãұʣ
ҶС̬ӾнǣһֱͭһĶǷ۶ǵطϤһֱרעڲĳ´»ôͷʼһ֣ȫڷİڻ֮£СҲšзڣǡ
ƷЦЦﻰ
ҶСæǷθ֮ԡ
Ʒ룬Ҳ֪뵽ʲôɫ΢΢һΣ˵Ҳеô˱ȥǰ˵˵
ӦȻͬ⣬;Ʒ˼ܣʺ£ֻǽƷҲЩⲻȥˣȻƷҪӦ޲ʡ
ǴҶСĻӸȥţģɹתƷҲ޴󰭡ⲻȰнڹĶԿУ˼Ҫ
˾ǿ˫ɱòɿʱ򣬻ͬһϯ̸Ц˾Ǵܾ˵⡣˵ǾҶСˣڹһɱĸ˾ˣâչ¶Ҳʼ躹֮ץʯҡչҺͲܼҵˣûپڶԷ帶𡱺󣬽ͻˡ
ڵĶӦûܶءΪţ뻹ΪΪңܻһߵģǸ¿ʮ㡢ѭصҶСѾˣеڶҶС졣

ãﻹסһλӵĴۿԼӨӨĻŭš֪һʱ䣬ŬԼȥС鷳̵жࡣ
Сͱ˹ȱӨӨʱ½Ϣ״̬ţһУļҶȫҺǻĹ˷ΪҶСϣʱʱдŹȥӨӨһ֪
ҶСϣΪӨӨĸ׺游˽е飬ҲҶС͸˵һݴ񣬰ͽϹѲҶܣϳ͢ȣļҺôࡣ
ָͷţۿڻвʱˣӨӨ˵ԻңţϾǳϦĽ·̣˼ϱؼҾͻؼô
ǣʱӨӨĸ֯죬ǸԹŮ󣬵ôЩӦˡ
һգӨӨĸںɹ̫̫үȻׯĸϹϾһ񣺡ĸף
ӨӨܹȥסĸ첲үүôпն˼˵Сʱ¶أСʱһˮӾЩֱڸһ𣿡
̫үЩεؿĸһۣڨڨص
̫̫һۣʲô˵ģ˵ֲ˵
ʹˣԶЩСӣ̫үҲСˣϱСĸףҲֻܸʰ·硣̫ү޿κΣУȻСӨӨе¡
ĸֵȥȥɣҰӲ
ĸǵɳ̲ϼ̫үӨӨ߿ˡ
ӨӨ˫֣ı˼ؿһ˼游үүҪ˵ʲô
Ŷ
̫үعһӨӨһʰһ¡Ҵȥһţ롣
ȥţ룿ӨӨϲһ漴ɣΪʲôҪȥţ룿һʮųװ
˵ӨӨһ죬ȻԼѿڶĻжЩΪ飬ͽһץסүӵ֣үүС粻ǳʲô˰ɣ
̫үҡͷСӣ¶ûٳ鷳һѡүүһֱû㣬㵣ġ
̫ү˵һ䣬ӨӨɫһ֣˵ǲ԰ֽӨӨۿתתүүСôˣǲǡ
̫үһƱŮģһϽѽģүүǸ˼үү˵ҶСЩʱǳ˺Щ¶ˡ
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үŭӶӣΪűŮûһ߳ȥϴϹסŮһֻ֣Ͻ龭˵һ飬ɲӣȽȻŰѹ˵һ飬ӨӨֿЦϲ£޺޵߬Сȭͷүүһѣүүң
үӸЦڨȻأүүȥţһˣڰѲݵţ롢벥ݿ֮ǰ¶ãϷ档¹㣬ֲǹĸġ
ӨӨȸԾððʲôʱ̣

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չ˾ҶСһַģԭչϵշ˻ţչĴڣҪҶСԶţһ
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չϼһڴӦ˻㷲룺ʲô˵Ҷ˾°ߣʵΪӡ˶ȨҶ˾ֻɣǲҪ


100 ɧ
·Լͬظţ룬ԶĿˡ
յţ뷢ǲμҶСĴ֮յȥ궬졣ǣڶͭʡʯƵĵģЩ˾Ҳŷţ
ǵĹǣμӻ񣡲ǻһµʱ𣿶԰Ǽϸ·ʱҲˣҪ缸쵽·У˭֪·ϻ᲻ʲô١
ʲôţˣ˾°ߣ޷ھУԲϢĺܣԴȫ
˵ȻЩǴװͿɽ˾ĺ鶫֮ҲЩ˶Դһ֪ϢطȷʵǱ⣬˴ţ治׼ʱ˽Ϣ
Щ˶иָɣţѵܰ˸ɽȥһӿɾ͵ڵˣˡʱϻţ״ֻʱ׿飬ȫд
һʱ䣬ţ룬ȵľǿˣţյΪдЩˣɽƺҲǻӽ
£ʹյһһһãƶġϲһ࣬ЩҲͬˡ
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ʲôϡҸոۿչҴСչɽˣչ˾ͬʦ˰
ô˵ѵӡ˴Ȩ߱ʵҶС죬ɱѾ˰ɣ
ᣡ˵ҶСӳȥˣӳţ룬ɽϵȼʮ׷Ȼţ뼫ѹƴ£仹ǴϢ
٣λӡˣ治ʡ͵ĵưż޹ã޶ûأҪɱˣһá
˵λҶ̨ҶСʮ˶ҶһֱѰ˼û׼˻ʲôݹϵҶСҪӳȥˣͶҶ̨
ǺǣҶ̨٣治Ը˾ļ¡˵ҶСͶˮˡˮӹϵλ˾Ϊҿ³̫
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׷ȥոջ˵ҶСҶ̨ϵǸ˾˷ܵصҾ˵ɣҶСҶ̨ݣҶ̨Ȼɱˣף԰
ȷʵԣǸոԶԶ֧Գһߣ뻮һ֣ƣɱȣֻѵصĳ͢пܣԴʶΪѲ˱
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˵ҶСͶ˲ݵλ˾Ǵкպİ׸˾ˡ
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˱ʯң˵ôңԶʲô
˵㻹֪ôʯ˾ĸ׻ţΪͼ˾Ϊ
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СѾͷ
ڬBõԼ飬ԼȰպãٺ˯ԣ
СѾͷ˾Ҳ֪ԼƢֻñ׾ڴȥһԼߣŵһڬBûعͷʦүİΪȻصôʲô
İǺǣҶ˾Ŀǰֹ㣬ƣЩ̣δ⡣
ڬBһת
İˡǺǣλŮӣ˵ã
ڬBһЩˣؿԼʦһۣʲô˵õģ
İ˵ʵһҶСȻӦӵúܿ࣬Լȫôɱһǧ˰ٰڣţ˵бסȻ޳һЩ켺ţŽᣬҲĥţڵţճɽʱȣһ
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İõĥºǾʹԲȥûʿֻǸӳȣҪȡ¹ҶС졣ҶС첢ˣȻа취ţʿչҪһЩ취һЩʱ䡣
Ӣۣ˵棬ӦıӭҶСع飬Щ˿УοţҶС죿ţĲָǺεȵĵԺʿһ٣ֶã˵ô
İһǺ׵ģվȴ֪ҪȷѪꡣҶС֮ǰţ侭ۣȴǼ˳ˣһ׾٣Ӧʯˡʱʵ
ڬBʵҲ֪İ˵ǲİ˵ãڬBòصҿδأҶС䲻ţ룬Ȼİ취ţϢҿ뼮˲ٰһĻӭȢӨӨչߣɧ
ڴ󽫾죬Ļܲʶֻ࣬һЦ¡ǸոʰߵڼҴС㣬С֣ؽףףҪɧ
ڬBá͡һЦŮĨȥ°ϵĿˮЦУȥţ룬ֻɧ


101 ذ
Ϫ϶˾˵
鶴˾Ŵ˵
˾˵
ﰲ˾˵
һλλμҶС˾ү̸ҶС졢Ʒװİ磬һЩ벥ݰ˾үӶнţ롣
ҶСһӣŸ߸ߵһ˿񣬰ϸ飬ȻʶҲĿô࣬˼ǵŲμӻģҲһϸĵ˳ع˹ء
ҶСңɽ֣ҲҶС죬ֱʹҶСʱ˿ֻüҶСڲԼݡ
Ÿţμӻ˾ԽԽ࣬ҶСѾߵϢҲˡҶСһֱû¶棬ȻߵϢҲסˡȻǱ߻Ϊӡ˶Ȩߣ޷ȷţ룬ȴǲʵˡ
ǣ˾ү˽̸ԣһǲԼͬظϵţľȻ˵ˡ
⡢⣬ѡʱ䣬ǡǡǺүӴСŮӨӨţһ죬չչϼǰҵѸ˿ټһƽʱڣȴΪ
ӡˣţ룬ǲμҶ˾ɶˡ֮ġ˵Ҷ˾ţ룬ѱߣ
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ҶСǱ°ˣȻȥ㡣Ϸô˵ҶСΪĳ˾֮λͼɱŲֻ̳أ
үǣŮ֣Ⱥ˳Ŀ⾼ͬһͷ϶ʧͻص
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ԣӨӨȻ޲ǸСģʮֱµعȥ磬Сͻֱ°ԼڡүүֵȫԵġ
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ǧٴİ𣺡ҶСֵܣ
һֱ˵ڬBŶȣ˹ĨŲ裺ҶأСŮ常˵Ҳء
˾ŤͷȥһƷ佫ٷװŮ࣬信Σݰף˵ˡ֪ҶСڬB˾үĵݺݵһ䣺ޣ顫Ϊʲôûôø
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ҶСһ˳ȥɽһԴķ
ҶСûҲûб°ߣң
ҶС˵ţվӣӽֳʱһƬȻʶҶСĿĻΣݣȻ˵Ѿ϶ݡ֪Ѿ׷׾Ҷ٣
չһϲӨӨΣȸԾеС磡
Ҫүүڽ֣ӨӨѾ˹ȥҶСĿһ䣬ɫһůӨӨ
ȺУƷĿ¶һĨ֮ɫСӣҵ̣ԽԽˣ㣬
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ҶС˵һ䣬ǰһɽΪ˱ʾԼЮҶС죬ȵվԭһδҶС˵˾䣬а˲ѾǵĿơ
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102 ҶСVSҶС
Сñ˲ˮСͯȳ֣һˣҶСǰ棬繳ĶУԾԾ
ͬʱһǰ˯ѵؿһԴֶҲһĻƵ˳ҶСǰ棬˵ڶߡ
һߵСͯʵǻƷѵʿǶɽ꣬ηߡ˾پƷһٵǿϴԣѾγΪ˵һΪҶС졣
ֻҪһϢд棬Ͳ˺ҶС죬̤ǵʬ߹ȥ
ǣɽЩ˼书ɱȣһЩ޻صƣ֪书Ҳѷһǳɱǣ޿ܴǰȥ
ۼҶС챳ѣ־ŭһϴڿն϶һ̽˸־ӿٶȣϴ͵ְθһأԾ֮ߡ
Ҳýù󣬲ԾŲɽϴһԾҪ微гһ£Խʿ꣬ץҶС졣
ͬʱɽ϶˫䷭ͬ裬꣬㵵ǣȻֻ˾䵶ӭϣ乥֮£Ȼܲˣɽϴ
νʿȻʿѱѵĸںԼ

ڳ˾žצε˹ףһǸǰ˯ѵ;ȻĿԲָָɽϴӲһǡ
һȻ˽֮ɽϴһƴݿ࣬ε˵ãȻȴҲ㲻ȣ̡
ͳҶСڳһϵʵݣǵҶСƵٹӡͼȴ׽εܵǧ
ǧһԴӥצ޼᲻ݣɽؼǰȴҲֲ˱ˣɽϴȴҲ˶֡˹ɽϴҪʿ깥ķΧ
ı䵶ڴ̡ڸԲԻʱнࡣ
ɽϴǹһƺֱۣδȫ硣˵ǽ̻ǹȻһҲסǼܲס䵶иģ˺ġ
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ֻһغϣѪ죬ʿ֮սҲɳսԶǽúշתŲϼֶοɱȡ
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ҶСǹؼֻҪϣսʱҡ
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ڬBüĿԲͲ˵һ䣺Ҵҵˣߣ
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һоޱֻڵʯ֮䣬ҶСԴ̤˲㿪ɽֵܵĿƣҲͣЪֱȥݡ񡭡˵װơ
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ҶС߹ȥոóλһվҶСָ罣Ⱥһָȵץ
ͻ䣬ɽһûʿľ飬һ˳˵ٸڬBã֮˫˫ˣڴ˾ޱ֮£ƷȻ𾪣ȴѸȷķӦȵץʣ
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ƷɳֹڴһǸߴЦźȵƷͲҪ
ͬʱֶ׷¶棬ͶͬʿǻƷѵʿ
ƷŹ򣬾ƷƷۼסͷһǲж׼ʿ˹Щ֪Ĳне
ֻɲǣΧ˾ѾѸһĿԣ򣬸ǲˡ
ƷۼһĻȻһָŶ׵ҶС죬ȵҶС죡ҶСֵҶС
һԼȳýԾ
˾ҶС컹ҶСƷҲȷˡⲢҪⲻоҶСǲҶСʱҶСҲҪûϷŪƷ˿߳ŭҪľţģҶСģҲҪɼٵģйͷ֮ޡ
Ʒƶ仰ڣԷͲɱΪһ͵ô˾ǰʵĻ
ƷҶСͱɱˣҶСðҶС죬Ӷţ룡û뵽һţҶСְɫ֮ͽƭգ֪֪
Ȼ֪ں˵˵Ǳָ˵ԼӣƷ˵һ룬ȴſڽ࣬Ϊ
ſ߽ˣһͭӲһ֣ںһͭһһ֣ˣһǸٵˣڳ˺˭óǲڼҶү˻мǸȻһҶС죡
ҶСҶС
ҶСҶС죿
һ˫̥˫˫ֵʱͲΪˣ


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01 ԽԽ
һңͻıѸٽˡ
ҶС˵ȺۣԱ߾һ麩òׯںҶС˷ɫ鲻Фòȷʵһģһ˻кʡ
˾ǼȾҶСϷŪڹ֮ϵֶΣֺڷЩƷ˵ʣţҶСھηбֶ˼׽
ҶСòײŰ˾򷢳ȥӨӨ˽Ļ𻽵С硭
үӺͱڰн䱸ϵ״һ꣺뵱ԹԱҲ˽ϷеҲ˿˿ģ񰡣ֻСӲˡ
չ֪ҶС٣ʱӨӨ㼤ֻ΢ЦſҶС죬ûд¶ӨӨ
һ˶ȥ˵ɽֵİѨѰסԺˡ
ƷչߵҶСߣҶСո§ӨӨһͨοҲ֪˵ʲôСһ죬ŵһۣɵ˿
ҶСԻƷЩϧصȺУһʱλðɣ
Ʒɳһ£Сܿˣ
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ڬB߹صƷʲôҪɱҲɱ
ҶС̾˵Ÿɾɱãǹֵۣ˭̵ٰ˵վΪݺŮ಻㡣
ҶСҧҧŮȻ޸֮һʵжҪţ˸˰ģ
һ⻰ѴԲϵüëһ£òͷҪɱɱϻ߯࣡ɱȥɱˣɱѣ
˵ҶСܾƷŲףôõΪҶСƷַǴɱɱ֮ôС˵ݣʵҲЩ²ȥ֡
˴ͣҶС֮ãϲ͸֣ˣ㶯ֺͽһ˵ͼԽʶɱ
һ۵ЩˣѹֱҳϢһһĺڣߣ
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ҶСæǰүӡϵʰʺãʼ΢Цſ֪ЩӶ֧ţ룬Ϣ֧ټļҵҪǣİΣС˶ٿ࣬˶ЩԶ˵
ҶСϸӣչϼǧϵܵһһʺһ飬ȻǣС֣Ǵҵɣʵ֮
˵ͼǵָϻҶС쿴뵽ƷȻĵ£ҲЩ̣̬ƽն槼ƳնΪ̫ãʵز̰
ҶСͷ΢ݵص֣ˣ
лûɱ
ҶСһΪβɱֿǲ̳֣
Уֻиɱ벻ɱ֮ˣ˭ǹĸɱģȻ׽һжĲӣ
ҶС˼Ʒﲻɱ
òɱҲ֪ˣ
ҶСһ󽬺Ҳǽȥɱˣ
ĴɤŶˣǰ˵ĺӣ˵˵ɱǲɱ

һڼžȴһף˶Ŀ⿴ҶС졣
ҶСһֽųվǶ
ҵĺӣ꣬ɤŶܲСһҪȫ¶֪𣿵ȵȣȵȣΪʲôе飿գҸиëĺӣϹϹ𣿡
ҶСŬһȦ첱ӴֵԱҸôкӣ
˫һ̯ôãŶˣҲû˵һĺӣֻ˵Ǹܣ˵ҪɱҪҪһҶҵĺ󡭡Ҿͻ˰
ҶСһͷߣŽŶеƨҴûմһָͷôӣ˵ôӣѵ죬ǰɽվ»ҲУ
ӨӨСʵС磬ûһָͷ
ҵȻ
ҶСȻһָͷȻģһָͷһƣ縡͹ϡҶСҾûҺкӣΪ˻⳶ѣ
ڬBһ˫ĵĴ۾ģΪʲôʱһݣ
ҶСᣬԲۣǲΪǶŮˣҵǾɱŮˣ̫ҲԹ縱ȱҶСŭգŽŶȥȥɱ

Сĵ̾˿Ըý㵥Ѻͷȥ
ҶС춼ˣҪңҺûаֹϵ
ص㣡ҵȻ㣡Ҳһ˾СƵģȥǴ֮
ǣ˵ȵҡ
Bã߰

˵ӨӨһ߰
үӡϵ
ҶСۿ˶ʲôûƵȥĶˡƷɸղڴɱʱΪӦҲΪԼһĻѻ˽Ϊ˻ʲôֶõģ
ҶСھ͸߬һëֽƵģԽԽڡԽԽڡ£ܱģֻҪǳŮϵǺѱĺ޹ͨҲĻ
ǧ߹ļ򣬰ѴĴһ̣Ҷ磬ģӦǹһñӣҲµһˣ
ҶСصϵܣҲǡ
ǧ˶һҶһɯ΢ЦҶҶ
㶮ƨҶС޺޵صһۣһҧȥ
ɿ׷ͳһѷĶ̵ҶСȥ֤
ĶŵҡͷԶҳ
ҶСŤͷߣſںվסعͷֵʵʲôʱʼˣ
һ˦ͷϲҶ飡
ҶСûغôط

ҶСվƷǰƷΪŮˣӦˣݲһ㣬ԱǶԿѺģѺĵطǰѺҶСĵط
ҶСƷҧгݣˣΪֶΣҾͲɱ㣿
Ʒضϣֵͷ㵱Ȼˣء
ƷĿΣŲţֻҪɱңֻ϶м飡
ҶСΣתߣû߳ſڣƷȻֵŲţ㲻ɱңǻǻ϶һȣ
ҶСתܻص㾿ô
Ʒһ˫ĵ۽¶ʹ֮ɫҪҲпԵζ
ҶС첻мߣֶΣ
ƷĵصǴӢۣСŮӣȻʹǰֶΡҲģҲͽ㲻ʹ죡㲻ʹ죬ҾͻῪһЩˣ
ҶСϿʼðˡ


02 ﱸ
һһ䣬Ĳɵ죬ҶС˽еʱѻȸһ˫˫ĿˢˢҶСû¶Ƶ߽ȥϸӺϵԱһ۽ȥһЦ
ûСӲ˸һţϵʵɱ
ҶСһϣڨڨصûɱ
ңĿתؿչڬBáݣԼͬء͡һˢˢذͷŤ
ҶСʱûȣͷģкˮĿһתΨӨӨûСҡһ˫Ĵ۾ȵĿλû׳ʲô״
ҶСϱĵŮƶˣɱƺҲϴˣҲѾԸȥˣϼӿܣɣСһͣԣ
˵ݶϣһɴؽ̲סˣ˸۶⣿ҿͲ԰ɣͲô
ڬBصԣٹֻҲҪˡ
ӨӨʵΪʲôΣ
ҶСϽӨӨ֮󣬿ɾǵĻˡ
ӨӨһ죬ʱЩˣ΢΢ഹͷߴصš
չ̲סһۣҶС쵱˵ͬӭȢǶ˹ŶƾʲôֻӨӨ
ڬBһҶСڿʼֻ˾ˡƵģŲأȴҲһַ飬ִðպãŪþҪˡ
ҶСǣסӨӨ֣׵£
ӨӨĵصð
үӺϵؿǼұô׾ôԵļıƭˣǿĵӣ̴ֲֻôοԼƭһʱƭƭһܽƭô
ҶСǣС׻ӨӨ֣޴˳ȥչƵؿٿڬBãȻƻƵű߶˳ȥ·ѧ⼸˸Ƶġ
ЦҶСְֺ޵ı°ֻܿЦһһүӺϵλǰ˵ӨӨ֮Ļ¡
үֵصԭΪӦϹ׵˵Ͷ˻ڣĲִ٣ȫ׼Ϸ򿴡
ѽ˼ûױô찡ͻȻӨӨһϵûˣôôһ
ҶСûϵģүүô㣬˼ױɣͼҲûʲô
ӨӨϲص԰ֻҪ˰׾ͺã
үҲˣ򸴺
ʱչչұ˲Զױôü͵
үӺϵϻοԭ޵ĲֻǼҹɫͺÿЩˡڬBճ鴤˼£λʵڲЦ̵Ҳʵࡣ

һƥɽǰţϵʿӱ꣬ƴƥѾʹȫڣ˻һһͷԵڵءϵʿֽýһǽ¡͵֮ʱ͵һǰݣȵ˵ϡ
ŤͷһۣɽϿռˣ׷û׷ͷһ̧ͷǰߵɽ·һҧ˽ȥ
诣ƷҶСɽ˫ȲȱĿ̫ԣǰ֫Ҳױ˿ƣԾʱɽ£𱣻
õǼͻȻ˳֡ҸȫˣҿѰĻŶɱһ
ûʱһ䡰Ϊʲô̤·һ·ӣϴϡЩ£ֻϴǴɽǱأһȴǱ׷ɱ±ãĪڴˡ
Ѿװ׷ˣ˵ΪһŮʿǻԵˣͬѰֱԼˡ

˰ɣ
ɽ£һ·׷ҲǺˮ졣ϵʿϧĲӣ˵һͷ˿ɽϣ¶Ӳʵߣǵ
ˣΪ׷˾ͺãذɣ
һȦսûĲȥ诸ǹµ©֮㣬ĻǹƥôӵõǱҪиȥŶ±ϸڣӦܴܿЩײݵĸ˾ǿе֪ʱǻ֪Ϣ

޵ͬɣǧ޵ùߡ
ҶСӨӨչһһǧǰʶమˡ
⣬۹Լױר۹
һǧǰʲôʱأ峯ĩ꣡ǣϳ´׵ڬBúʵ̼֮ȷˡҶС쾿ʲôġ⡣
һ¹ϣҶСһǧǰԾķ޵쾵㣡
顷ʷʷȷϲŮ5󡢴ŮBˡݻˡжǡ辴ԴŮǡҡԳBǡҡò˫˸顣
ǣҲԶԺӨӨˣչǴŮڬBþǳBݻˡȻ󡭡ȻŮ˾Ϳʼ廳Լǰˡ
󷨣ЩŮ˶Լ׷ʹҶС췢Զ쾵ǵݣֵĹ˺ϷȥˣӢס˿ڣ۵Ȼ֮ʣ֮󼪡
֮󣬻޵ġ쾵ۡҪӭȢˡ͡Ůˣͷһ죬չұļױﲻɽȫϵź񣬴ɽµɽ·һѵĺɫ
үϵɽڣչҵ͡ү˵ˣļһһٶ޶ɾôһҲίȥţչҲͶ٣ļңӱ
뵱ʯ丮ϣ׵ʱ򣬾Ƴ֣档׾ǵڴɽһֱɽµʯȪˮһʡȫţȫȫòǧͷģʵȻʵ۴һϵĻҪ
ţҶٳɻ飬ȻȢӡˣȴͷһξл񣬶˺ˣɲӡ˵ݵͶ٣ţٰܲ
ɳ⣬ҲʵչʾҲɡµȻǽһֱû¶Ĵฺ𡣴֮û¶棬һΪóЩɱɱ¶һҲΪæڲٳִ¡
ܷ粨δţȴһִݡ칦ķʽٰŻʾ˾䣬˾䣬Ҳ˾һ䡣
ҶСȻôҵĴ£ûһȣ˷һӮȻôԣӦӦˣȽˮҡˮμҶ
벥ء˾֮⣬󲿷ָ˾˿̶ҶСʵسϷˡƬϣֻȭͷֻ˭ȭͷ˭ף˭Ӯǵء
ҶСˣԲӮǵأţ˶Ϊ֮ԺţʿĿǰǣﵽ˿ǰĳ̶ȡҶСĻ񣬾пʼˡ
⣬Ҳһʼ


03 ¶ĥ
һͷںīȾ㷢һӺвʧĵ١Ȼ󣬵ں͸ĺСɶ׹СԪĶҡҷ޷ˡ
һȹߵıȼף֯Ĩ籵ģϸС֫ϴźҲഹһϺɫдм˰˱ᣬ֮׺塣
һ磬Ӻݸ߹ʵʱ¶죬վһϣһͷϡ
ƽŮǮҲǲԽλΨо߱ټݵŮӲʸͷεñӡһټŮڵĶϱ߲弸֧
ڿԲ֧𣬿ӷһĹټŮǴ֧μ١ƷȻǲģ˾ǹԱ׼еһࡣ
˾׳Ҳˣÿų϶Ϊ̫ع˷Ⱥ롣ҶС٣ˣټСɽ񡱵Ҫʱ̣ⷬٶǳ˼ġ
СѾСĵذãüѹߵķ٣һߴһԼĸ򱧲ƽΪţε࣬ûйʢĻأǼ˱ˡ˲ġ
Ծһ£Ŀӯӯһɫ΢΢죡
СѾһףϽ£Լ졣
溮˪լвΪŪ࣬Ƿǣ
ĿѾ澡ɨһۣصӨӨ뱾ͬãüǺˣԲ԰ڳԺɣֱŤҪ֪
Ѿݵ澸ǲң
һٲȥԼСѾϽԶأϹϾš
嶣һȽȽ˷ţһĨЦݡͷǸͷεѾΪ˸ԼԺһѣǰŪ༦ɹ¶
ԼЩ˾ԻΪͻĻ߽Ϊмĸܶ¶ȻҲȷʵ⣬ҶС춨ģȴҶСΣѵʱ򣬰ࡣ
Ǹһ˳ӣ᲻ǵЩ˵˵ˣǷһ񣬻ȥôˡҲˣٸӡ˲һôȻܣȻܣǾԶǷ
С㣬ء

ҶСĻʢɣ˾ɵĶ˴Ǵ˼ҳҶСһ˾ٵݣȴͬӭȢˣ˻Ǵ˾ҵŮ۵ĺˡ
ҶϵҶĸףӡϱͶϱ£ҶСǣϵϻĴ˿񣬰λŮ뱻óϲõľ֮ƺؿ͵ʱһҵ뻶
ҶϵҶĸһ״ԪۣĿӢĶӣЦúϲ£졣ҶСӨӨչٲǰ˾ǵָ¾ݸá
ӨӨֳסĹͷ˺ͷߵ̵סϲֵӨӨǹ־ɦʱͷʱ°ͣٲȻ͹봵Ǹͷͷ˵Ȼ֪ڸʲôֻǾλӡƺ̫Щ
үӺϵ֪ѾͷƢԣֻһͷߣүձֻʽҪѾͷڳ󣬵ôˣʵǶš
ò˾ǳˡ붴仰үųһʱŷԼ֪Ѿ̧ƨɣǶϵġ
ү¶ҵ΢ЦҪ͡ĴС붴ſһĻһλ˾ǵЩ˾˵ǳų糪ģʱҲˣǳ˴ɤŽˮμҳ쵶Ҷ»񣡡
һôˣʱѻȸ˶ſȥ
ûҶСǺ磨Щǰ裩ְλϾֻһƷĳ˾٣ͭʸλμɳػһССĳ˾٣Ҳ̫𽵹˰ɣ
쵶˴߸Ű˸׳̧źĸȻ͵ʲôˮμҳ֣ѰҪǣˮμҰһͣ˵ˣҲĪ档
ҶСɣǰ޴æҶСǰӭͣ쵶һȦҾЦ棺ĳˣʧʧĪдĳȹǡ
쵶ǰҶСҶϵ񣬱Ͻ˹һߣ˽ȥ񷿡ۼˮμҴֻԼһͨͣ˾໥ɫҶСָһ㡣
쵶ҶСĿһЦͷ⡣Ƽλϲȹӣȴ΢΢һ鲻Խ뵽ԼСӡͬǻһ͵ŮԼӣʵడ¹ǨСӱϾҲᣬ̬Ѿ࣬ԸȴѰҵҸɡ
˾ǼˮμˣҲݹʱԼҲ࣬§񣬸붴ķ·Ӵ
ſӭ˾һӸ߿ˮϳӰ죬Ҷ»񣡡
չ಻סˢһ³˺ͷ¶һŵ˷ۣĵıȻӡ
չףԴչӦߣչҵĹϵ䵭࣬չλչĸ׺ܲƣĸײϰذңҵ֪ºչҸǳ׶Ͼ
ȻչͰϵ񰲼ˣζŰɳչн飬԰ٶǰүӳŮģչζǷչЩʧ̬
СȣžҾһ˾ļӶûС
Ҷ֣ϲϲѽ
ӴүӡĴˣϲϲѽ
ӴҶ̫үҶϷ˰ɣϲϲ
ãϲϲ
鶫磬ͬϲͬϲ
˾үһúܹλİҴүֻ洺磬͸һ̼Ƶģһʺһ飬ϰҵĺ
ҵĺüĿ㡢ݰ׵СͯϻӣľƣҲۣǵ˵ǧϲΡʱȴһɧ˲׵ãϰϲξͲ׵ˣϲмǧϲΡ
Ȼ͸ҶСĸĸģҶСͼλ˵ͣԶԶǧϲεĵزҽ֮ԼʮֳϡҶϵͭʾסãҵ֪ˮǺε˼ңһʱܳЦ۾쿴ˡ
˼ҴϲӣҲ˷ͷ˺񣬱ҡҡڰڵȥ쵶˸粢磬쵶Ŀӣзİӣδһǲ̫ðġ
˾ǱǺܿдμֵĻ۵ģôһٶı˴ϣȴҲЩԲˣۼ˾˿ۼλеһλûͷˣһŬøͷԼϽ붴
Ҳϳˣһ仰˵ĸɾ䣬ҶСҪλ붴ſڵӭ˾ͻȻֺ̫¶ɤӨӨһˢһ£ҲѸͷˡ


04 ǹͷ
ӭ˾ɤӣ˻ߵźʵ۱ǲʹҶٴ֮񣡡
һֱ˵»飬ʵ۶ǲʹˣǻ飿ô󣡴òٴӭ˾ﺰţĻŭţʹӴԺӭӹʹ˾ǣԵĽ˾ǣһļ۸񣬱
˾ǴһȴҲӦ٣ϸźӭʹ
ϴң
ҶϵҶھﳤϣÿ׹ʱ˹ߵһƺǡǻүǴҲϼܸǼҳϹϵʱһǲʹأڵʱֽšҶСҲ־ϲæվ
ӨӨɲǵһڹǰ޷ˣһδ޷糯֮⣬ǰʱǺݺݵûʵ۶һشһǻʵǲʹأβʵָСҡ
ñͣҲǾηһͿǲǾηʵۣǾηҶС졣ˮҡˮμңԼͬɳأʵ۾ҲԶǲʹءκһʾҶҹϵУ˾۵ο˫ʹڣ
˫ͬʱ֣͵ںڰܶһˣֵģڼ˾ܲۼʡηء
ش󣬻ʵ󡣻ʵǰЩϰ׹ضˣҶСӨӨչ˲ŸøĸææӭȥվǶӭӡ
һһƷԱĹٷòϣ£ҶСһϵãλʹȻǹѲҶܣùѲȻԼ٣ʲô񣬹ˢˢˣһݶǮҲĴ
һһʶ˲࣬ҶС졢Ʒɡ޴ࡢӨӨչȴʶģ첮ģ졭
첮۹۱ǡǹģһ鲻ˡ˷粻ĵõɮģ˿óĵį뱯ڹ꣬ѧԼϲŭ֣ɴʱվЩƲס
Ǵּصģ֪ǻеλһλ׷λҹˣһУǴʶλʶ֮󡭡ıġ
꣬һ𾴵šǰ;ƽţ˾ˣ˺ة
仯˽ʧ֮һϵб仯ֱǷ˼ֳӷɽ˷²̫࡭
ȱѲ壬Ϻ˸޲öҶСңʳѪͷ֮ޣȴǧϵֳҶСʾףأ

չҲ첮ģҲһ£Ѹٸͷ»첮Ľһšһߡһ·˼ס
ģڻʱҶСϷŪãںʱһڿƭȴҲʹŹЦҩԸڻƴϱȥʯȹԼ£޷˵سʳ˹Ƴ桭
һеһУϲŭ֣񶼻۵Ļ䣬ģķչ鲻ԽҶС쿴ȥһۣ
ҶС쿴첮ģҲչ첮ĵĳֻ£ǿᡢԼʶر֣ǣס
ʱӨӨȴһ¼ĺױϼĳȥԲ첮ĵʵҪʲô
첮Ĵüü·ɮˣȻһǴּ̫࣬ԭȴΪǹݳȥˣΪǰεܳ裬һδεҶС죬һδεİҶСøߣģɱȴԽԽˡ
ԼҶС컹һƴ֮ʱŻűҶС졣ҶСĲѾ֮𣬸ûлʱıķˣǣԨ󺣰Ĺ͢ĥµԽԽƽԽԽԲˡ
첮ĵصԣ
ҶܿһĹŶóΪҶˣǺǣ๫Ƿʥּ»֮ϲġ
ӨӨһЩɵؿ첮һۣҲûҶСǰҶܹ˹֣ɣشΰݡ첮Ĺ˹֣Դ֮ɫص̨ˡ칫λˣ
첮Ļǲ̧ͷֻǶԼĽż⣬ľȻҶ׼ýּô
ҶС컹δ𻰣޴Ѿָ˰һ㰸̧˳ϱ㰸ںạ̃첮һվ·ɡ
첮ʥּӨӨչھˣһھٹ⣬ǰδС
ʵۻ״һһڼߴӣʮ󺺽̧ţҶС£ʱһԶլƫƧСš
붴֮񣬳ŻûǰȥƣҶСȴλ޸ϵ⴦СݣǰСĲ𿪡ҶС챾ҲӲʲôٶվС޴
ľ𿪣һƥУһֱͦͦĶ棬էһǸΣҶС첻㷣Ҫһɰ˵ĳǹǰСؽǺʱס
һӨ͸ӨӨվǶ֮ǰʵ͵ģȻһ˶һƵӨӨ
չ֪ӨӨھʱʵۿе£ʱһҲԾÿһ˿ϸڶ̻ľޱȣҪõ벻ӣһλ֡
䵱ɽɳƺɽһˮˮţžͷһۡɣĸĬС¾ģƮݣֹˮ
ڴ˿֣ΪһʦɽɵһӣΪֱ
ֹˮ
ֹˮ

츮ӦĴɶѾΪӰˡ
Ӧ챾һլӣԴȷɶӣֽһɣ鱨ԱҲ֮ӿ룬ԴΪģҵİȦӡ
ɶӲ橶ʱһ׼׵ɶиһϵսѡӭ
죬ʵӵģ㴰ֽ˭ҲƣԹٸĿҲǰеģӹҪŪôѿɶĽʡ룬츮ҲǾϣһڵĺ
ûбϵļɶԽɲӴͣΪɶṩᣬӦİҲռ˴鱨
ٴķϢϢǺǿģһֱڣǲɱĻһЩϢû赲סǽһ㾡֮͢ѴһҲˣôܣӦ˴ѾԶ츮¸ʷ졣
ɶѼһЩϢ켩鱨ðݵĴӦúܲˡǱߣƺڳһΰ̺Ҳǽڽʤ
ʱһ׼ȷϢ̽ˡ
й¶Ϣĸһ³˾³˾ҲϮ٣ѻԪҵһӡԪ谵ʱѻԪ˳۱ӣ;еӣʲ˴ڴˡ
³˾DDѻ֮ӹִǰĮְ³̨ʱΪս´󹦡ǰ³档
³νݸܱẸܱ˴ڽð֮´󹦣͢ΪϾ̳ᶽǰεģ;졣
ɶֻҪܽύľһĽɣתϵ³Բҵ֪ޣȻ硣ϢѾúܺˣȴʵδϵһλǨתĹԱȻɶǵ֪ϢʱѾ
³˾һλȾĺˬ󺺣̳ƺҫԼڸµĴ󹦣һ˺þõϢ˵ֻɶɫ


05 ȦȦ
³˾ҲҫƽѹεӢ䣬εս޲ʤƺðȫһ֮³˾ȷʵƽѣҹѫ׿Ȼ̸пţȴҲ˴侳֮С
ɶ˼ţ³˾ͷϣɶҲҴϣľɶЦĵţò³˾Ÿһ䣬̳ӴںȾƣɶŲýȥô˵ðѾȫԾˣʲôʱ¶
³˾Ĩֳͣһץ⣬ݺݵҧһڣ͵صһ˰ɣ³ĳΪ׮ͣűε֮Ϊٵġٺ٣Ҳ帣
³˾˵üɫصأƾ³ĳ죬ǳ͢ҹ˧ȥ季֤һսǰ˿޵ɻʴȣ˼³ĳͣδҪȥ
³˾ŷۿɿڵ⣬һмصСӣʹҲֻ˾˰ͬǴͣ˱ȥ׼ձһռǵ
һɶҲ̲סˣ˵ձѾҴˣ
³˾һźӣ̾ǰ
ϧǾձ̫ܵˣŲһĹմ¸ڳֶҪɰ˸öãл˧ձʱֻε٣˵ƾѫڷһɶȴңеľѾ˼¡
ձðڴ·ѹ֮£Ѿڲһʱ˫˫ܣϢֻɶе𾪡ֵǣ͢볯˫˫ȡôݣҶǽշ飬ΪʲôݷȫûյϢ
ִݣҴĺûᣬ͢ΪʲôûۡȫܷϢҪ񣬴һвŵ֪Ϣ
³˾ݸһλϮ٣ǳ͢ľ佫ٲȻһ൱һ˾ϢȻд
͢ݣҳʺ˫˫ݣȴܷϢٶֻһֿܣǳ͢Ҫĳһһжϣô͢ҪԵ˭ˣɹˣǡ
ɶ뵽ǲݣⷬ͢ٶԵǲݣôζų͢Ͷ˷֮ǰֶʩԻǡɶԽԽ£ɫѿ֮³˾ʵһү㿴ô˰
ǰǰɶڴӦһžԼķӦԣϽӦеʵؿϧˣһ͢Ҳݱ泯͢أϧˣⶫ治򣡡
³˾֣Ҳһ½죬ľǲҪ˱ȥɶ˵ʴΪձ˲򣬶£⡣
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ɶæһЦлɶ³˾³˾ֺ̳Ӿƣױţˣɶͳȥ³˾Ѿϲɶ״æֽ˸ϳԼĳȥ
ȥȡʱɶȻע⵽ۡΧİסЩˣа̯ġд̯СƷģɶʱ˾
ȻЩ˰绢񻰣ȫһɶǨ츮֮ǰÿϸ۲ۡΧΣٴҪصȴһԵʱûУȻӵֵ̼Ȼɶе衣
ɶ³˾ϳ뿪صۡԸϸϻزݱѶԼܰ׼Ǳӡ
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³˾ĽӴѾ츮ע⣬˵츮Ѿ³˾ǶѾЩϢڱϿĸۡһ糣ǰһкܶ೯̽͢ɳǵĸ˶ȻѾ볯͢С
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Ҫһ·ӻزݣó׼ƥǱر֮һһ˫ڳ͢׷֮£ٶӵþԶ
ʳҲôˣһ··ٵǲߵģĽҰĿ²òʳҲþ㱸ԶֱǴɱСȫӻصҪϡ
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Ϊøб֤ӵ㹻ƥɶݳޣﱸ״󳵣ֱԲͬϺͲͬˣ̣һӵһרŵ
ҵÿƥͨһж˳˵ĿЩƥټϸﳣѾԱ֤һͬӡ
͢ǶҲѾ˽ģٶൢһ죬һաҹҵȱҪسǣӻزݣ
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ͥԺҹɫжʱһɧÿһ˵˼
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һ֧֧ȼЩѲɶеĻѣǺʮִͷȼһ֧֧ѣһ֧ʮ֧֧ǧ֧Ļѷ·ǵ㣬־ӡ
ɶ͵һ֣սɶ
ǰܼһϧϧѽүúôڸжãԱҲʼաΪƫҪЩΪѵأ
ǽεҫ¶һɫ֪ٸʿ
ɶһʿôһֱ
ʱɶͻȻע⵽Զһһƹ⣬ȦȦϣǿԿȫòģɶϡǵãⴱҵɲúġ


06 һ
ɶŵɫһƽΪϣֻоʱŻƽ
Ϊĸ״Ӧʿ츮Ϊǰɳǰ·̽˽ΧһΣѾΪǿˣȴû뵽߰ǰ츮ⴱլʱ򣬳͢Ѿʼڼǡ
Ϊ˼ҶģȻˣҹ֮Ȼʿƿ֮Упӵõʿ֮Ե棬ûгˣǵԼ¶١˰ѱɣ
ȥɣ
ʿ¶ɫʮ˾ȰǰɿӦ̸е˴Ӧʱ췴ľģΪ˳͢ҲΪգûʲôεġ
Ҳˣɱģϣ˹Թ־͸ϣôվӦˣҲɥΪһѪ
ɶû־͸Ĵ㣬ˡǰ̣ǺҽһģʧȥһУţǺʲô
壬һϣ
һУ
ɶнһ˿âе𣺡ֵǣҳ壡
ɶ˫һţӸϣ˫Ŀһʿ̤ٶԽԽ죬·֮󣬷˾ĳ档
ʿ̾˿һȴÿһǰȻ£γһͭǽǽ족̽һ˸˷ĳì·ǧֻ۷ͻȻ㳲з˵ѹѹģ·꣬ɶкȥ
棬ɶվںڳĸ¥ϣŴϣһҵ
ɶ츮ڻģɶҪӻزݣҲ׸޷κԹԡǵܹΪɶ˾Ҷү̣˵ѾǼüõĽ֡
ۿɶҼѣû̫İˣȴ޾塣ǻᣬʮ꣬һͣһòָû˭أ

Ӧɢ仰Ҳϡ˿̵Σɢݣȴǡ
Ʒﱻţˣ£һֱǰΨΨŵŵҶСȻҶС챾ˣһֱҶСҶС첻ҶС졣
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һϲ˴ñȴԼñΪɵӦΪ˴֮Ʒﵱƻǰ꣬αҶСʶƣƾͼƵġ
˵ⷬҥԺЩһֱƷǺҶСᣬеһж໥ǰϷνҲֻ˿ģʵǽݲؽ
˵ҶС޷ʲôݣ⵹ΪѣʯҵӡˣΪ׷ӣ׷棿Ʒı˵ͨ
ƷӵǿλֳԼµҪְǴҶС죬㲻ݺݿԼһѣҲļ塢ˣߣ鸽ţ룬ϲ״
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ȻҶСûʲôƾݣһ֮ǣɳ͢ı¾֮Ҫķһġڴ֮ǰ͢нģټ϶ӵӦѣľҪˡ
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˰ɣԶĦȭơ
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һҲ˫ֱȭȻĳԸһ֧ɱţ룬ҶС죬Σ
һҲû취֪졢ԶӦ췴жƷ·ĶУΪ˱ʾ϶ҵҳϣȴҲ̬֮ܲ
ӦΪһۣЩɣ췴£ɰ֮ʵ̫ʹ֪øкûͬ˻߻ô䣬ʵǾ޴ѹŴеĳһ档
Ҳص˱ţ룬ɶ츮ֻԼ֪ðνȷ֪ͶսʱϨսӦһ˫ȭ߬
һ˫ȭͷ죬Ӧɫĳ֣ˣ

һ˵˾飬һµʱ䣬Щ»˾͡ҲҪͣģһҲѲƤ
΢ǲͲ飬ҶСҲûжĻֻ˴ԼѽУеλȴΪʵۺˮˮ˾һǰδе¸߶ȡ
Ѿڴͳİ˴˾֮£й֮ԭ˴յչҺͲܼңʵⲢ˾Ͽӵ˰˴յʵ
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һĴ˾˼ңȻǰϵʵѲãͰ˴ձȼʵ߱ռĴ֮һݣһҫҲһظ
ҶСǰɽһ½뿪ĺؿͣլ԰ߣӨӨȴںչ˽£һ˫¼˽֮ķ£ֻʢĻͿз۷䣬õĵĵ


07 볯
һԱĺùۣͬһ֮ޣϵȻӵĲͬѰԭǾ޻̸ĺýã̸ƺһЩ
ڻзɣ衣˷֮£ӨӨ˼Ҳӯ˱Ҳ֪ʲô⣬һתһתģƵ˺˽ܵϡ
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ǸӨӨűͷǰ͸졢ϳһŷ۴̣డģٴһܰƵģȴϡô
һңǰɣԺмĺԶⶼˣ
ӨӨֿһеΪ飺ϱţԵǶȥһˣæҾͻȥˡ
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ŶûûкܴɣҶǺߺߡ
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ʱѱȥð֮ɵ̯ӣѲʷ̹⵽Σ졣̹ˣ궡Ƶ׵Ľʿ
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08 
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ܱáνڼԦѵأں֮ڣһԴ󵨽ƣӭսһս֮£Ӧ˸仨ˮȷһܡ
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үҡҡͷӦķǰҺˮμңҽһк֣һĿǰӦͷǾҪѵѡʿʱ򣿴ҪҲóʦҶܶûأ͢Ҳûּ⣬еʱĪ粻
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ԶڽȥǱ߾ǲݵؽ硣
쵶վڸߣţ޳жٸӦıӦһֱ֮ǡμҺ޼ҵļ췴֮󣬲ƫǣҲӦ˳
Ӧ丸Ůޣְǳ¶ظϵн棬ȡֻ֣׽ߣβʹ߳룬һ֮߾С⼸˵أҲˣ˵źҷɱ졭
ϼ鴤˼£صԹŵߣδвбߣ
쵶ŭɫ˵ʩģҾãμҳֵʱˣ
ĸ׳ĬƬ̣ҡҡͷĿ࿴ȥС죬Ψɽͣʲô쵶֪ڿʲôҪˮϡ
ãμŻصȣſô죡

ӦĴԸ׵ֵʯ䡢ͭȴβܣʲô˼
ţҶһ˿̼üһã𰲼ҺμҶ࣬˿̲µʵڲɵ˾״
ΪǵصʯͭʹݣҪǸɱѲȻʱ͵սСô
ҶСЦЦʯͭʣѲҪģǿһʱһأ˼ҿĿ££ǳ͢ģ
۵˵Ϊʲôʯ䡢ͭ
ҶСȻΪ֮ǰΪѾңʯͭ׾ٵ̵ڲˣңˮҡˮμңζʾ˺ãӦȴոհǣǳԼĺȡ£ĶͱѣʹסԱϾѡˡ
ܳŵҪţ˽Ҫɱģ򲻿˴ˡʱ䣬ļսԴʱ
ҶС쿴һۣ˵һ룡ǲΪʱûжǵ˼иˡļսԴʱȴУ
ü΢ҺμҾôģұʵʱ
ҶСĻҡͷҺμҵλȻɽˡǿԵȣǲܣӦ£ܵͰҡμ˽жΪµȶűÿһĻʵһֻҪǸ׳ƳһŴӡ͹ȥʵۣţ
ҶС컷ˣӦƣţԣǾǰڳ͢ϵһֻСƣԸԸ⣬øQο
ҶС컺վ֮䣬кţ룬Ǿ͸֪ôλ밲αȼ磬ţǧѷĺûᣡ


09 ȸ
룬ΪʥˮˮļңҶСȢŮΪޣϣ밲αȼ硭
ҲҶС쵱ţˮһ·ȡʱԤʾ˽յĽɾʹʥ
һ밲αȼ磬¶ҶСҰģѪڡ
ҶСһˣǧ׬ʮӾˣȵһεʷ½磬ˣܻŹˣȴ밲αȼ硣
˵ҰģǲϵĳɳɳģϻûӦеģ밲αȼ粻Ǿͷпܣˮ֮ϣɾ˾֮
أлʵ۵ıڻʵ۵ıҶС첢ûҰġݼ꣬Ѿܵ˾ƶȶڼ崫˵Ǳʵ۸ȶԶһѡ
ʵۣɹϣ̫ãɽʱ̫ݣҪ£صͿ̿һɣؽɽֳ⣡ػʺ䡢۲ΰԣɽҲ꣬һʧȥɽ룬Ϊû·
˾Ȼɹ˿أθĳ˭£ʼʵۡ
ҶС첢ûôҰģȡ϶֮ҲΪֻҪ̽ŶǸϣҲӦһ£ԷŲΨзһսԣ밲αȼΪĿꡣ
ˮڹˮμڹݴСλ˾԰հҲڹʱţϵҶСٶȺճһ
ҶС첢δʱҲԼһ˾ʯҡչңͭʹңڼңԼٴ⼸˾С˾ȫҪҪڳǰϣҶСɲŪһں֮ȥۡ
Щ˾ЩĸԸҶСģеǲѣΪҶС첢룬ǰȵֻǿϷ֮ĹϵܸȶӴţأ빲
ҶСʧʱ鳯͢ĵʱ򣬹ݷѾˡ
˾ָʹ͢벥ݣزݵϻزݵκӭսڷһΣʩǰԸĹʼDDܣȻٻɹ
ǹپ̫𣿲ˣǹپҲû뵽ͬİ취ݱȻΣңپʵСĵģǲݵθӣݱԴ˸ӵָƣǹթܣػܵ·˵ƻģϤÿһС·Ȼڳ͢ΪǾüϻĵط˳ʵʩһεİΧȦ
پз˾ҡָʹ͢뾭ʵȽȫԱսڱ߽ڽʤȡսһʱ𶯣Ѷϼ֪ػĴӱΣƴʡ񣬴з
󣬳ִ͢񡢹󡢵ᡢ桢¡ʡԥ³ʡٱʮˣֱƲľϵսľӣܱʮࡣ
ӦŸ·δϵγ֮ƣʴһٹ˴ϴ뽭̶ϪͼΡ
ӦҲıʿıʿʦʱ̩Ӧ˹ٱδ֮뽭ֱɶٳΪʣĴһң͢ʮõģҪ֪ң͢ȴҪάĵط
Ӧĳ͢Լ͢ԴԴϵƽѣѾ˶ȡԭµ뷨ϣΪۣЧµĹҲδʷ
ʱ̩ۼϲߣȴΪӦãзϳһĸомơ֮£ֳвߣӦҪֱȻܱ͢ǿ㼸·ֻһ·ȥƱרһ·ֺ·֮
һбǿʱľð취ɹµĵУӦô˷ĿɲֻһˣκӦѾ⣬Ҫڵ̸ݣΪֻۣҪͦù͢Ĺȳʵɲɡ
ӦϮ뽭һسǣѪȫǣνγ衢λԼ뽭سǵǧٱȫͱϪʯϪĸɡӣռΪϡοׯ˸ݳƵ۵˼
ʱҶСּЭͬƽѵҲ͵˾ǡͷĵһδǳࡢˣλ߼ǵסһҶС˾֮еһ͢ʾսˡ
һʱ䣬Ҳ˲СǲͶҶСѩ̿мĪּҶСΪţָʹͭʡʯ䡢˼ݡ˼ϡԶޡ»ƽ˸
˸ʵ£ܳ͢ϽƵķΧޣʵһ˳ˮ飬ѱͲֱܳ͢ӿƵİ˸ҶСƣֻ͢һݡܷƵˣͿҶСԼıˡ
˸ǡǵϵ̣Ԫ谡馸һͨƣָΪ˸Ѱ꣬ϰ˰꽭ɽʽҶСС
һҶСʵϵڰ˸Լ£ȫ̼̳²һδֻƾһ£վ밲αȼĸ߶ȡ
οʹҲʹָʹ˸ҲֻսʱƣҲΪսҪʱս˾٣һսְҪġ
ôΪӦвԼţڵʱư˸սμȱ㲻ܴӷϽпƣҲܴʵϳ׵Ŀ˸ҪҶСֶˡ
ȴûֶοõģϹ䣬ˮˮȫˮɹ˴̨áɽſȥҶСֻҪֶΣͬƽѹУհ˸ӴǹԹԸ
ıƣ㲻ңûıҲ㣡ٰ֣˸ڲ֮ҺܰѰ˸£¶Ͱиˣ
ҶСϿҵ˵ţ˵ͷ岻ݴǣӦҵġ
ҶСģѾȥţֻҪҿңƽ׹øң
ص˵ͷҶС״ж㣬Э
ҶСֶҺƷɴţ£Ҫˡ
صģ
ҶСת޴࣬࣬㲻ţˣԼֵܣҲ˵ĻˣƣɩöһЩ
޴ظģң̴ɩ
ɫ΢ΣߵͷӨӨȸԾصأܰʲô
㡭ҶСһأͺúñ壬ҶõСǴһ
ӨӨʱ潿ߣһϼ˫ա
ʱ䣬ӨӨȻС˻زҲѰ£һֱҲȴӨӨУҲ֪ǲӰ죬Ҳ̥ҶСŶ࣬Ī͹
չˣ׷ʵҸ
ҶСĶúܵͺܵ͵߳
չһʱ˴첼ҶС˳˵Ȩ˵ĴҩȻ˰˸ȨҶС죬Ҳ˵һǰԲ˵ڵĻ
ֻҶС츽һ䣬չɫͿ죬ͶԺչǾ̬ˡҶСϷɹЦЦˣͷ׼ȥɣһ磬ұʾΣ
ҶС˵˿ߵϼ΢΢۾֮ǰҪȥһˣúһģ


10 ̽
ɻסùߣҶСС鷿΢ЦƷʵ֮ǰҪǸˣȻƷˡ
Ʒûɣ˲ܾˣԵȻֻҶС춺λ޿ĵĻһƷӦĻǺܺõģƷﲻǽ˿ȸӶҵĽʵϵĥҪǧٱ
ҶСĻֻĵҶСһۣһ仰û˵֮ǰҶС̽ʱ˵ģʱʱǳʲô̬ȣ޷ıĽʵö֮ҶСѾ޷Ӧˡ
ҶС첻Ϊ⣬Ծֱڣ΢ЦȦҵĵطɲҪΪݵϷܵõʲôŴΪϷ棬ҿʵʵһ¡
Ʒһһ£Ѿ߰˸ˣһ껨ݣò⣬ѵо񣿡
ϣԴΪ½ǰԵøͦΡһ˵ŮԵʱǶ߲ʮԵģɴ˿ɼƷεķ¡
ҶСߴǵ΢΢һɨһһ磬Ҿ뿪ţˣ
ƷصֵĶȥɹƭ
ҶСݡ
ƷڡһǰʱһӿҶСһͷۻǰduangduangduang
ƷʱѾһ죬ʶһ£Ʋʮջ󣬶һУ߱ķ͵״
Ʒ䶷ҶСʮ²żһˣ˸ûȥȻҪΧӰԼôܣŶڼ٣ɾҶС챥۸
ȥʲôѲѺңȥǰҰ
ƷʣԼ߾
ҶСҡͷһΣǿɹƭ
ƷĿһҪϣ
ҶСһЦ㴦࣬Ҫ˵Ϊ̸ȴôΪ
ǵȻƷ΢ЩȻϿӦΪһŮˣʧԣסң޴İ취˼ŭʲôò
ҶС۾΢΢Ʒ﷼һȻѾô̼ҶСɱģĴԼɽϲ¥
ƷϽʵȥʲô
ҶС쵭صҪȥ˵ʲô
ƷһҶС죬ԽԽŹ֡
ҶСʲôĪϳһ仨
ƷûĴȤɻصһֱñ㷴ȥˣ
ҶСӦȷûжñѱ¦ɽأĴȥˣ
ƷӴͷһԾε˵ҶСǰһץסֱۣص˵ʲô˵һ飬ˣˣ
ҶСӦ췴ѾСˣҪͷ˵ɲһ¶˺β£˵
ƷʡԼ̫ΣһѸ˵һϻ£ԽرšѺôãһϢȫȻ֪ʱȻϤɷѾ°꣬鼤ʵԱ
ҶСӦԾΪƷͷβ˵һ飬˵͢ƼʱƷ֣˵Ӧ¦ɽشʱƷüɫ裬ϲŭȫӦһһӰš
ϧֳûˣһ󲻽⣺ҶСƷΪ̹ϣƷ˵һУûаαȫӦսȡõ˶˶ս
ȻҶСһһ˫۾ҲڽضƷûа̷ɡƷ꾡ɫÿһ˿仯ҶСȫС
ҶСҪľƷķӦӦˣҪ˵Ӧ˽⣬޵ڶ˸˵ƷϤƷﲻϤӦ˽ӦƢӦȱȻҲ˽ģͨ鷴ӦҶСܹƳӦΪЩϿɵġЩǲϿɵġЩΪǶԵģЩΪǲԵġ
Ʒﱾ˽ӦˣͨķӦٽ̬֮ķչҶС콫ԹֵҪ鱨ȻǰƷϿϲض̹Լ̬ȡ
ƷﵱȻҶС̹ףҶСϢʵ̫ˣҲʵ̫ҪˣƷǸҲ޷ʱɱ侲ֻҪķʧأ仯ʵģȥ˵ҶСԼȥھжϡ
ڣҶС˵˽Ӧʼأͼռݵĵ̻£ƷüҶС˵Խ࣬üԽ
ҶС쿴϶ԼжϡƷӦ֪Թ壬ķжϻǳ͹ۡ˿̬ȣ˵Լ֮ǰжǶԵġ
ҶСûиƷʵߡԼȷжϣҶС΢ЦţгصӦ֮磬һϧȴ˻У
ƷһȻ̧ͷҶС졣
ҶСڵصԭڷصǳ͢ҪΣڷص˾ͻأȵǵ̡ġʱƣЩ棬ҵʵȵù͢
ҶС΢ЦվӸµؿŻʧɫƷȥһ˲ΣҪۿˣҵĽ£


11 
ҶСˣ
ţ뱾կټϴӴɽʱļɽ£һаǧ֮ڣҶСĵϵӵܱչҡʯҡҡͭڼļҹǧˡ
⣬ݰ˸˾˼Ҳ׷ԴǮظϸţεǲЩ˾ɳͲˣİ˰ˣٵĲʮˡ
еΪ˾ȷʵС൱ӣܵȫҲһˣǼȲҶСһ㳲͵˱ӪЩ˾İΥ¡
˾йٶǶȻһˡйپ״ҶС˾ʸԼ¹Աˣڳ˾ٱͲǶ٣ɹְ͸١
ҶСΪؼʱʵ۱ģʵۿذĳӡƻֱָʹطҶСȻҲˮǴߣ״Ҳ˹һλƷй١
йٰЩ˼ΪʣҲΪ˰Щ˾Ϊص㡰չ˶󡱣һᣬ͸ӡȻҲЩ˾
ʱǮЩ˾һɵȻ࣬ȴҲϣЩ˶սڻңǵߣӡȻù裬ս¡ҶСף
ʱ򣬲ԸԸ⣬Ҳ²ҶСսֻҲñĸӹգҶСʲһǧˣƺƵ̡̤УֻһŮˣƷ
ûбҪѴͬеԭоиƯŮ˻ȥҲ鷳ƷҲ˾ʿ·оڣٲȻҶСǹ١
ҶСûжͼΪоʿɻƷѵ˾ʿҶСѾԸǽ䱸ƷƷȻ߲˫ᣬҲɳҶСо
ҶСҲصƷ˺Ʒ˴һŮӣ֪Ϊ£һΧڵɣΪ
ƷΪԱ˵һѻҶС첢ûÿ׷Ž޽ͣЩ½͹˷粻͡չ˶֮ĹϵҲʼǰŰɡ
ʵɵһ뵹δҶС죬Ⱥ塣ѻһڡĸèȡŮ˶˵ĿˣҶСҲˣȻȻؾͱΪƷԵĿԴ
ҶСƷȴŲΪ̰ͼŮɫΪҶСܴӦ֪еΣգȻڴʱŮɫһ棬ǻѻһڣĸè˲Ƶ
Ʒﶼ֮ˣбҪᣬ̶Ҫôɲ˵ҶС˵ǣƷӦ׼жϡ
ж֮У˿޹ƷҶСҲˡ

սѾʼ˱仯͢ڱһֲ󽥽ӦһЩ֮ƽӹ֮ҲӦԶʮļᣬҲη֮ģʱռĵ൱ڰѲݰͼչһʧȥ˽ȡ֮ģסе̣Ƶۣ֮λ
ΣٶȸϻĴƴʡ£ʵͦһԪ˻ʦͬʱּ㡢ʡʿԮ
ʱԭ߮ɷߣӦðݵܱҲʦ죬ֶԲ¡ҶСʴһǧˣһ·һ·Աʯ䡢˼ϡ½һ·ϣĴϸ켯ᡣ
ǰһҶС칫봨Ӧ֤ڶ봨ǰӦ˺˽ǧزݡһδĹ봨ȴǸ츮Ӧַ
ҶС첻ȥݸһΪݸ߶ε̫࣬ҶȻܸɣʱҪҲȶ˾ңܶõıԶĴ棬ҶܵҪȶطϡ
һ棬ҲΪȥ͵ʯ丮ɽȥڳʯʱױͻϮһߵʯͯңͯԱЩѣһϮҪ֧ԮǾ޿ܵġ
ĻҶСꪳɳڽϵĿǺܴģҶСѡϣԭϵ̵ݰ˸ֱӽĴ££ٻӾ£Эͬս
ݰ˸ϾɵأҶСиг͢ݣһŮΪӡˣǲõݰ˸˴ģȫһ·
иУһҶСڸϵ졣ܱܶʦᣬ֮


12 սڼ
ʱ죬֮ҶСһʱ֣⵽פ˱˵ԴӸʡԮĹٱΪڡ·ֻɼͽǰ߹ͨϢֶǴͷˡ
Ҫ֪һ츮ֻս󷽣رƼɿðݣһȴǽߵӦӦѾҫ£ʱ̿ɿ̺صĳǽϣͶʯҳӺͿɴؼ׵
ҶСһǧʿһ֧ˣټǴӹݸϹΨһһ֧ʡҲӣһָ֪ͬǰӴ
ΪҶСĺѣǸСһ鼫ԣĵ̹פΪṩؾı
ҶС⼸أʿ࣬ɷȻӣȴܿͰӪһоȥаݼܱ顣
ҶС쵽ܱۡ˳̽ȥŷʱ򣬺ǶҶСŤͷȥһ˻еҶ磬˵Ҫײɣ
ҶС춨һΰһλ꽫ףüĿʯ˾ǧˣԱһλٸŮӣ裬ȴ
δɻһүȻһ㸯壬ȴҲŮɲһĸʲôһ˶ӲųףδⱻȡЦϴԲݻѾڿ⡰̡ȡϵ
Ŀǰڿ⡰̡Ȼλ˾λĳ̶ֳϾͺ̫ӵǻ࣬󹬲ˡԣȻڿ⣬ǧ˵ĸ׸˵ΪҲʵûбҪΪޡΪӵĸˡ
ԣһ⣬Ӿ飬ӡܸƵҡˣոǧ˺Ѿ飬ʱսƵԣԻ´Ӽ򣬾ҶСҲϾǰϲ磬ֻһݺǧ˺С޳ף⻹ǵһҶС
սǰͣסǧ˷һ׻㶵ģֻǡӹ̡ʮֳأ˿ӰĶǧ˵ҶСǰ˸ܱҲ߹΢ЦţػҶ硣
ҶСЦǷ»ôҲ죬ĪҪСȥݣ
ǧĿ¶⣬Һޡ㳯͢һ죬ǧҲҪӦ˶ϵġᣬܴ
ҶСļɷӦˡֻǣӡҲһͬȥû˿ˣ׵𣿡
ǧ˵ұͲҪСȥģģҪͬȥ˲СѵؼҰ׸˾ʲô취ֻඡ
һۣ㲻鲻ԸӡȻͣȴֻ֪ǰһ֪˺Ҳ㻹ȥ
ǧ˺ٺһЦȻ޵õģֻǴ뷨ǲϱֳ
ǧ˶ҶССȴҲδǧҾСָҴٰ׸˱ٱȴǳ͢ģؼΪѣԱƥӵܱܶǻϲأһҼҷˡС񣿡
ǧ˵ţعЦѽŸ˾԰һվֲɷ򣬲ӣҶС쿴Сһ澫ƣưƴСĸ֡Ůɷ򣡡
ҶСۣ̾ҲֻŮкܲϡ
ЦҶˡҿӡ˻㣬ֻûһĻᣬƾǵĴǣҵһʵ͵Ľкѣ
˵Цţܱһ̶شܱܳҶָʹ
ǧæңң
ǧǴ˼䳣ˣܱϵΪһЦӴԭ˾ˣ룬룡
ǧҶСֱۣЦ磬ߣһȥܱܱĺܣǰνʱ򣬳ȥҼҲԲȣǼҸĺѡ˹٣ˣͲˡ
ø첲һ£˵˵˼ܱפɷ·;ңԶּæϾ硣
ҺܱĹϵܵĺܣţҲЦģ˿Ϊ衣
ðɵ̯ӣֻһ룬˰Ӽ㵽ģĴĹ٣֪֪ȴ֮ܶսҪǾаţǲܱѾˣҲһߣһ˭ȷͳ⡣
һѡ·ѡһ˨DDͦ
ͦһҶԿɾʤȻͦӦ׽鼫˭ܷĵ£ѡ˷ĵѡҲͳ˳͢ĴԱһͷ


13 һ
ҶСǧ˷һͬ븮Ҫݻܱʱܶܱϡ
ܶͱܱλߣҴʱ䱰λ⣬˵ʲô£Ӧܱ£κһΪͦֻˡ
Ծۼ츮ĸ·ƽΪˡŸɱ㶼Ȼġ֪ӦȻһ壬һУնأȷҲ˶Ը
ǰӦʤ֮мƣﱳ͢һΪӦȷʵ˵ãһҲΪĽδս£̫ȱս飬ͦͱøӲɻȱˡ
ս˲Ϣ䣬һսָӲУ죬޳ĪӢҲǾǰ߾Ƶġ
ͦӦһ򲻴²˳͢ļɵͦ˶ԴҲִͦġȥ֪ѽսͦܲԸϵ죬ȴҲãϣܱӦһս
֮ǰѾ̽⣬ּͦۻ۵̵ܶ͢ȻսͦϱƦ³͢Ʋãǰݱʿ͢һְˣһ⣬ܶǺް취
ͦ˧ͦһҪΣһҪܱ
ͦԭǣӣõô£ɱУҪίһܱұָֻôӲɣίרȨľȨҡ
ͦھǸܱˣպգӴ޴繦Ҳ佫һܱĵλǹ͢⣬Ƴ͢ߡ
κΣ׼ͷ֮Ψͦȫ֣һԱֵ£ʮ츮˳ιС£˸ӦϢ֮ռĵϱհӹ̹ؿձȻ
ǣȰ˵ܱλܱټͣ͢򺡹ˣκս²ϣһʱûкʵѡ棬ԻϡͦĹѣܱʱλ˵ȥɲ
佫˭Ϸˣοܱͦĸ׹㶫ܱƽͦĳ򸮣˵顣
Ȼ̫Ҳͦ˵ѣƲǲԸӦսܶˣҪĩλͣѣѴڣͦӦսֻĩˣҪá
⻹µģµǣǿǿսȴİӦɶ֡ӦȻ췴ʤΪɥû·ģʱز飬ͦһհǰ˺󣬿º˺
ͷüͷʦʮսˣκΣбߣΨһ󵶡Ҫ͢һɿõĽ²ֵú¡
˵ţܱļҽ˵ҶСͻȻϲɫҶС죿Сӻթıٳܶˣ׮Ѵ˵˿Խ
Ϊһͷ٣ҶСҲЩ˽ģֻ֪˴һ񣬼깦ڹݾصһ˾Ҳ֪ӥ£һȴ˽Ϊ˱ԡ
ܱĻ򽫾ҶСǹ٣˽⣿
ܱЦһλֿѣվ˾Ϊ١Ƕȴ£ֶͬ⺢ӳҸ̻˵ҶСƽ£Ǽưٳթĺܣڽʱǿ̡֮߱ŪҲ޲ߵһ⣬һζԸһ⣡
ᰡһҲжţԭǸĹٳҶС죿˵һһһ˾޲ߣ˱ᣬ֦ʢޣʱˣҲΪ档ֻǺûϢԭٱ٣⾭ǡҶСϡ£Ҳ֪۴ˡ
ЦɲǴôνǣϾֻǴšܴһ䣬֮һ˾ܱȵģܶ˾Σ
źͷΪȻһӹ٣̫ıˣĵˡи˼ˣô£ûеɽġ
ãҼ̸˹°£ٺ̸̸
ܱӦһܶ˲źţ߾ͽȥҶС졣ܱΣҶС죬Ų죬һֵСϱ̳ʮŮأð˰ɣ


14 
ܱüͷһ壬֪ػСôˡܱһǧ˷ؽ¶Цݣǧ˰λֶϱ˰ɣϷܶᵽ㣬Ůкܣ鴫鴫ţ
󷽵һ񣬵ܱ
һѣϷ׽ǧСӣϷֶһؼ⣡
ֻܱԱվǴӣĥôǣź֮Ӻֶϱһرһ£ӼҶСȣҶСȻٲǰҾţҶС죬ܱˣ
һȻҶС죿⡭ֶҶָӡ
ǧһ§ҶСļ򣬵Ҵ磡ϱҴҴϵأ
аߣûϢģôһ仰ԼӰֻǵųð޵ӣðԴ
ܱϲԭˣǼʶͺãǾɣһ
˫ֱܱǧ˰ڿۣأҲǶǳԲ˿ģν̲ϴ򣬿۲ӣܻҪִе
ٹһأТ鳯͢ңҲܻˡһ޸ǳ˽٣ԱǮѣĿɼΡ͢Դ˲޶õģܿͻˡ
ǧһĴȣЦ˵Ķ԰Ҳô˵ġ
ܱͬʱһܱϽһתҶСҶָӣǹ٣˴ȴϸĴƽѣ͡ƽйʱһ͢Ϊ빦ûĹѫ
ҶСǷӦʩѳ͢Ϊ͢ĪгʹޡСܹȻ޷ˡ
ܱĵǱλˣ٣һơǰСӣһϳ͢㲫˸ָʹְȫšЩ٣ûôõĴ
ܱеģҶСĵǴһǧϤصܱлǺܻϲġҪ֪ӦֻϹ˰ľͻͷߪָʹԭ٣ĿɼΡ١Ȿ֮£ʲôüνġ
ȻһֵӣͶãʱʱЩ챦״ڣҲܵõʶãǱϾǳ̬
ӦİľȣҶСһǧˣ⹦θָӻǿˡܱţҶС΢ЦͷҶָĿɼΣıפ⣬ʲôѣֻ򱾹˵Ի
ҶСлܱ˵֮ʦ£תһ룬ܹ˵󵶣˧˻δԼѻ˻ȥֻҶСϷλѺ㣬ϷϣϷһΣ
ҶС΢΢Щȣܱй¡¹Ϲοһ¹ٸˣʽ˶ѣ޴ϵ˽ʲô̸ġ
һƽܱȻ˵һλʶǺ˭ΪҪԼҶСɺȴҲδɣ޲ɣʹˣ
ǧ˵Ҵ߰Ҷȷʵ˽ơ̳ʮŮأûŮóҺҶһͬƷƷ
ܱһۣ죬ֻʲô
һ仰˵꣬Ȼʡ첻ֶģֶϱأһȣڨڨص񰡣Ϸ򡭡Ϸֻǡ
ݸһЦ˵ֶϱ˵Ļѽǻ࣬ҶǷϻ
ܱȻЦֶֻϱ󷽣ѰŮӿɱȣѹ֮ٶûܶ״͵ƣ֮ӵô˼ѸܱҲΪ֮ˡ
ܱƲǧСޣҶСȥǧ˱ҲȥƸ֣һǧ˲㬵ϣһץģ
ҶСܱԱС鷿ֱܱŽȥһλ˫ͱֻعͷ
ҶСģѮ£ǣͷмһ˿ң޽޼롣Ĵ΢΢ķƣȻǸþλߣӺݶ࣬η
ҶСһεĴҪģϧ;ʱȴǶԶʶҶС쿴ܱܱҶָӣǰλĴܶˣ
ҶС΢΢һעĿһۣæʩ񣺡¹ҶС죬ܶˣԺȴǼ˼ܱܶϣ˽棬Ҫʲô


15 ˵
Ȼ֪ҶСɻ󣬼ҶСһָʹĴһʱĴ˾ˣΪܶķ⽮ݣһλҪ˽ӴԾǹġ
ܱҶСһתǰ鰸ˣ̧һƳҶС컹ֱվǶ΢΢һ˿⡣ҶСӥйϵһͱͬˣټ̬ȹ۸иá
˿ڲ裬ŰѲյǰ˵ݣʾҶСɣ
лҶС쳤Ҿһ۽Σ΢΢һЦҶָӺܲ챾ΪҪɣ
ҶСǷǷϴ״ʱһСϲ裬ҶָǼưٳǭ֮ƣһѴҶָΪ󡣡
ҶСĵǭҺʱйĴºˣñ͵ģٷһƣֻһºˣͻʵһĿŶ
ҶС²ۣȴǹܶ˹ˡȴ֪ܶкѴ¹ٵЧض
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ҶСԴҡĸ˹Ƶģܶˣ¹ٸףҲ¹ηս¹ͲӦˣʱ츮¹֪֮¹ٵЩСս֮ǶϷʹãʹð
˹֪ҶСԼͺһѵʶ֪ԼóʲôóʲôܸʲôܸʲôδΪλ߱ƮƮȻġ
˻죬̰Ӵ࣬ԹٳŵҲָơо̣ǲǺרҵ飬һӱҲҾظ˵ԼһǸҶСΪԼͳԦ
ҶСһѣһҲм룬Ȼһѡ񣡲Ҳ贸Ȼ֪սһǧϵĶûУǼʮţҪ˵ˣܰôľǾͲǹ⿴յģοǭһ⣬ʮĳɷ̫ӡ
ҶСϾʹͷϣǿɾͺ˼СˡܶҲһŮӹ˧ɣοҲǳ͢佫
ҶСļƲŪÿЦãһŵҶָһ鲼£нճɾͣȻ֪սģҶָӹǫˡ˷ַ棬ѡҶָӡ
ҶСһʱҶָҲ˵ģǹܱ󽫾֮ӣ״Ԫһͽʡᡣ
ҶСգգۣ֪˵˭Ҫ˵˵ͦı֣˵֣һʱҲδɻ󣬱󵶣
ҶСȻ򣺡Ŷ䣬˧¹ı
ЦǰƽܡۡƽܡƽˣСսڣһ󵶣һٶʮйƳ֮£ȷѡӦ񡭡
ҶСܶˣӦδʱ㽻ѣ֪ٳ͢ԱӦһ֣ЩԱγ˽ޡν˲ã˲ɣ¹ΪĹӦ£ɲؽ⡣
̾⣬κͦⰡͦԸӦΪУ԰ٰѣΪѱĺΪѰ
ҶСһüТȫʱҾȡ壬οֻѽ顣δ⡭δ⡭
ŭǷǲ֣ƶ
üͷ޺޵һ䣬¶ЩΣκΣǧ׵ãһʵѡֿӦ飬Ƿ粻ˡ
ҶСף̽ʵĪܶҪ¹ٰæ˵
ѾȰͦκϱƦβܱ򱾶Ƽ㣬ȴ֪Ҷָܷһ֮˵ͷţʵΪ͢Ч
ҶС°룬زʶ˽󵶵ƢֻܴӺݵĽд˵ͦĳ棬ܶˣȴûһ˵ḯҲˡ
ĳ͵λ̸ͦģɲҾڴǴ֮ǰҪעһĹ滰Щ˵ͦһ佫²ףøҲöԷ⡢ܵķʽС
ҶС룺ҳĻӦû׺ܾͦͨܲʹ˵ͦҲұ֤һûʲôʧӦҪܶһ˵ͦܺϹϵͦǹ˧ҵĴƱĪˡ
뵽ҶСȻصܶˣ¹ԸΪ˵ͣȰת⣬ȫΪ͢Ч


16 
ҶС죬ǧˣ˰츮һ¥ݵⱾ¡κӦΧǣӵغشɱ¾һɱ°Ĳоְ̼˵Ӧÿ˱󣬶һǰԥھߡ
˻ȥĴͷʵû֮ززգټһ¥Ҳû˲ֻͣˣǰѾ¥Ƶġ
СҲҪôҪôˣƹûжӣֻһѾ˵ŮΨһǣֻӪ¥ˣԻûߡ
Ĳ¥УƤ¥ӴڿȥͷﲻӵȥİաǧȻȴǶһ̰תŲ豭ü˼
ҶСٿǸʵλߣ
ǧŤͷΪȻصܶҲǵģʲôþģҿɴץȫСˣϳɱȫң
ҶСĻģ˰أ
ɱȫң
ȣɴһͶӦأ
ɱȫң
ҶСЦûʡ
ֵҲǸ佫佫ǵƢΪ˽ġ˵佫ңǴѰСһ𣬿ھУΪֹϰΪŨġ
ҶСΪģǴеˣˣΪôأ
ҡͷ̾Ѱ찡ˣǸͨġ
ҶСͨпԽͨĵɣӲ۾֮鶯֮ӲǾǧ˵ķӡϲɫҲͶá
Ӧ񣬹ʲԸ֮֡˵ɫǹܱЩҲ˾ռ˵ģȻΪ˶вͨ
ҶС˼ãĿ΢佫ңҲҰеļ壬ӵʲô
һ㣬ǧ˵ǱзȨϿڵĴСǿǱԼҪ¡а˼氡ȫˣԶҲ̧ͷġ
ҶСƵǺβⷽأ
ǧͬʱתҶС졣
ƽ
ǧĦȭƵô

ͦһڴ󵶣Х磬ںլУϰһŷĿݼ⣬ɷˡ
ͦĴһٶʮأʵϰԵԺۺϳɺĽӦʮʮĴѾ൱ˣ˳һصĴϼҲͷˡ
ڴҪڳʱ֮ãһ̶ϿԽϼصıУؼףƿ⵶ԵʹǡƤͷұ⡣
Ȼ˳صһڴ󵶣ͦ׽ϰ佫˵ɿԾᡣ
ȻҪ˵һٶʮظ屶ͦҲһԻӶƱزܾսƥͬʱˣ֧ͬŲס
赶֣УսշתŲɱûڣУľ£ʮŶ̴̬Ůɿüɫ裬ʱƽΪкá
ЩŮӶ󵶵ļ檣󵶺ɫʮˣ㶼֮صŮӡ֮Զѡ˵ŮӣΪŮӽӣѡ檣ҪòҪϰ彡ŮӲųɡ
Щ檣еŮкܣһóȥҲǵһ书䲻ͦͰԵھгۡ
ʱйܼææϵУһܱͷϣûǰţһۣȺһݡĹǴϲ߷ˣϱ˹ȥ
߷ߣ˵˼䣬߷ʱɫվУϺһүЪЪӣл˵
˼Уһ˫Կбֱ׹䣬ﬡһӲаߣֱ
һ̸ϽڵӭȥݹһոͶˮë󵶽в˲˫ֽ֣ӹһһߵ߷ߣЦʵʲô˵
߷˳ɫܼң
ϻ̳ϿֵүǸмˣĲʲôˡ
ȻʧЦЦ⺻ҵʲô¡Ķѵ㻹ǲ۵Сҵĸϴٲɣ
ǽСҲǲ¡ֻЩˡүǸϵĳȥ˵ʱԼֹ˵һǿƺᵽ
ʲô
䣬ֵ˽ƴĽ׶Σвκ͵ȨʱѾպա󵶱ɫ٣ҵĸۡô
߷صү᲻ᡭΪүϹ˧ַӦ˳͢¼ɣ
ͦɫʱһ㣬Ҳʵ벻ԭˡѵ͢Ķ˲¼ɣҲŸոտڳɱ仨ˮڹд󹦣͢˾ɣ
תһ룬һ췴ķ鲻ϳս͢δػĹͣͦԥ
ʱͦһڼ檶Χ¶ɫͦ״һЦʲôֲҪȥˣҪһɥǵӲˡ
ͦһظȻҵǹܱĴܱһңΪЧңҹѫ׿½ţ˭Ҷңûµġ
ڼ檻˵ͦѾͷػֵˣ˵ûµģĪҪ룬ɢɢˡ
ڼ檲Ҷ˵׷ɢȥڼһߣͦϲΪȻɱʱһƬ衣
ܳ߷˲δڼ뿪ʱߵߣǽһؽʵļͷǵصү͢ˣֻǶү˲¼֮ˡС첲šȵġ֮ڻʵֻ±ðݻֳøأʱүĲϳֻ¡
ͦΪѵɡӦһҽ񣬳͢ô󣬱ô࣬αطҪȥΪУҡ²ȥְ
ͦɫҺòƣܹӦֶ̣ͦˣǴǺ͸˽ȫ޷ᶨˡ
߷ü΢ɳ͢ǧգҪү㱨Ч͢ʱȴòȥΪ˽壬͢ΪүĹͱô֪տ㣬ָ죿
߷ĵصһͬ²ֻүѣ̫үңҪ
ͦϵԽԽأ·ѹ
бһ¥ϣǧ̽ͷ̽Եţĵص˵ᣬôûɶǸûʲôɣ
мصƨѲɻ˴ϷſڻƼȦ˵ˣҲˣڽ˺öˣ֪ô£ɵҲ飬׼϶˾ǽ̽ӡ
˵ţӸ¾ͼܱŴͦһװҴ߳ʱһ񣬵ˣСɿˡ
ҶС쿴ǧˣ΢¶ǸصǧˣΪ֡
ǧɫէȻһЦһͷ㲻˵ΪɱӦʲôԸʲô


17 
Ȼ벻ӣǽ߮ңõȻ֮ɲ׳ģǳԵľ漰Ұȫش¼
ǣ󵶾ԽΪˣǰܶ̽ʵʹҲȥǶ˽Щʵ飬̤ʵЩͦ˶ʮױҽŶХֱܶ
ͦһ·Х磬ϵܶǰǰӵǶһ֣վס˽Ų
ѾǺܶˣЩջڽϣҲǴҴҶУ˿ȫɥʧ˺ġԤеһּʮľۼǾ̲ⳡ籩С
ԣһְΧۣۼΧģǸ·аµľͷЩбнɿΧ£ܣмҲһȺмһ˶ͷŰײಲֵ
һױȦ߽ɲضͦˣСǰ̽
ͦһ֣ǰȥײĵױǼ״æҲ׷ױ̧ĳ״󵶽
״ǧˡǧ˸ȵӦʡ塢ҡТаɥĲǻ裬Ȼ췴Ҫ
ͦЩˣҪ˵ӦҰĲʵ֮λҲͰˣʲ岻ҲТаɥĲ񡭡ӦʲôˣۡȺţ
ͦЦһλļҵĹӣԲѣ
ǧ˵۹ʯ˾ʹǧˣĸҶԱ˵
ͦһʹٽײԼܱͰ˸ܱͦˣЩһƵĶ˲ϲûʵİϷҪԸһˣҪȰڵһͿˣαѧЩHˡ
ǧ˵ʲô˼
ͦмصǶˣֱ˵ɣӦıȷѬģ˵ңȷҲ벻ʲ岻Тʲôϵ˵аɥĲܰ˵ɣ
ǧ˵Ϊѧˣű˲֮ԣоʵӦﵽ⣬һ޳аɥĲ֮ͽҪ𣿡
ͦɫǵҪˡ˲˵˵εĲʲ塢а
ǧ˵Ӧ˸ܱ֪
ͦΪȻصжɫø߼ˣҲֵָժ֮λ޴ˡ
ǧ˵˵˸Ǹˣ˸ɷ򣬳ŲףιѰˣӦۣӦӣǧټ˸˴ϹϵŻ㣬ϸ԰ɣ
ͦΪ֮һϣȻӦƺҫھżһ˶Ķ֮´Ǿˣǡǲһ֧ѰȥףҵṴֵ
ǰǧ˵ĸΪͶӦݷӵ¶ֵ÷з˲֪ΪĴһ·ܱλ᲻֪Ӧ֮ķ꣬γԴӦύ˾
ǧ˵Ӧɫ޿ָժ˸ѵǵ°ܻΪ˹˸ύȳѣޣѵа֮
ͦ࣬ԺٿȻһȻӹһֵͷн檶ʮˣ㶼Ůɷ򣬲ѰòŮӣӦҽύӦòǡ᲻ᣬһᡣ
ǧⷬʳڣȻһƬɧ˽ͷӶǧ˵Щ˵£뵽ĸףܵ˵ǺҪġ
ǧֵӦݣܹ˼𣬷֮ģ˷ǲҮĴᣬΪòսսƣı£ȡĴΪ˽ύĴĴǶԴȴͼڲ壬˷ǲҲ
ͦɿڲԡ
ǧֵӦĸ׽ˮ̡ˮжأӦΪ˽ɰңֽظã˷ǲТҮӦթɣɱϽ˾ղŰ˷ǲҮ
ͦɫѿ
ǧԽ˵ԽֵëϣҲסӦݱֻ࣬ëϲϸ棬Ȼë֮ףʬӦϽ丸ӣڳ֮Ӧǣγ޳ж˼Ҿ죬ֻɱҲͰˣȻԸŮʹ֮ľȡ֣˼ߴ븹֣ѵɥĲ񣬺ԣ
ͦ˵ɫ
ǧ˫ſԹδ˲бߣ£ƽѶܶзƴǭ񣬶ʮۼڴˣӦϦ֮¡ɴٳٲڴ˿պǮͼΪΣʶĳܱѸѣ
ͦףԭǧ˴磬ܵܶǰΪ˴ߴܱġҲ֪٣ͶպʦֻǴδǧ˲֪ͦΪڳ̬Ҳǲ֪¡
ͦǧһԶԣȻغһֹסױܶȥ֮䣬嵶Ĺһ̬飬Ȼǰˡ
ǧ۾ͦӰĵҶ磬أˣ


18 Ϸ˿
ͦݣҪܶȻûŷĵܶ˼æͿӭߣһߣ˻Цſڳֵʯ٣ӦкĸĴò֮ܶ¸ܶһТпԭδϣȥɡ
ͦһ̬Ӱأǧ˾ģȺʹ󻵣ŲҲó󣬽ֹܱͦСƬ̣Сȥܶˣ
ͦͷܶҲһͣн˫ֱƵ˽ȥУͦȻͦĿһϡ
ͣδüĿӢʣһ˲šһ佫۷ְױ־ӦǸָӡΣ˶εıֱ˫ϥ£˫ַϥĿǰӣʮ¡
ͦǸὫ첻΢΢תͷһһ佫ۣϻлɳһӣŸһ˫Ȳ£Ծ
ĩҶС죬ˣ
ڵ츮ǳ͢·ʮ·֪ͦһ·ͦڰ֣ţܶҼңؾнİɣ
ͦƵҶС׵λϴ𵶵һҶС쿴˺һ˫ɲ£ţֱͦͦȥͦٿôصıһЦͦ㣬˭ı
ͦ
ҶСƨɱǥƵģһֽе˵ʲôͦ󵶣˵ˣҶСյһŶҳһʥ֮ϵ󽫾
ͦҶСһһЩʧˤ˲豭Ȼ£ˮǽϣЩʹУЩջ𣬵ҶС쿺ܵĹֽС˷ģȴáҶС첻ҪǮĿ񶪴ñӣǰͦЩסˡ
ͦΪһ佫⿴Ҳ֪Ǻ˵ܽᣬʱȻ֪ΪΪͦսպգһʱҲȷʵѾΪһ佫
⵱ҳɾʹˡǾһҳǴӴ񣬴ӴǶٺպ佫䷥Ԫִ۾ѣǶͦŵЩȥǾͲˡ
ҶСȴһϲسΪҳһȻ֮ĿİҶСĺһ͸Ļŭˡıһڴ󵶣ʥõҲǴ󵶡ĵذʮĵһٶʮһᵽͦͲᵽĵһᵽĵͲᵽ
˰һ˷ŵһȥȣһʼĺܲϣҲҪǳˡ
𾭹ϵذλԽԽߣȻˣȴǱΪʥʥʥҶС󵶳ΪɱʥҪǰˣͦβϲ
һеͦҶСһޣȻ΢̣æֵˣˡȻҲЩսҳǰȰ
ҶС˿ַ˷ܵͺɫѪŵģԾ󵶵ĿȳߡʿʿϿƵģֻıϾϦദȱظУԲ˿ȡ
ҶС˵һûţǰɽļʱЩɽ˵߻ɽˣЯף㳲һʮͷӣȻʮɽͷҹ
Щɽʱһģй֮ҶС컹ЩأסزްסĴĽŰ
ҶС˷ܵصĩθ֮ԣָ꣬ʹַ˿һϳͷ˿װʮ꣬ұ߾λڳ塣ǽ硢Īһս
ҶС㵸ذͦҲΪԵõǳսϸһͦƽÿһ׮ս䣬ͦһʼֻЦеؿšţԼӾһУ㱱¸ǰ
ŲɵᶨƵ뷨Ժ󣬻һʶһʱΪζʱͬһζ
ͦϵ΢Ц˻䣬˳˼Ű߰׵ޡüɫҶС죬·𿴵ʱԼ
ҶС켤ص󽫾ս˷棬ܶءĩд󽫾İս֮׷󽫾βڴۣ䲻ҫһȴɳΪһҫ
һ²ҫһһ¡Իٵһһҫ
֪ͦǼǿ࣬Ʊشݺݵһǣʹ


19 ʦ
ܶ˿첽ߵУͦʩһ񣺡ܱܶ鷿˵ҶСͷҶָٺƬ̣
ҶСϽӦˣӦˣĩƬ̲ʲôҪ룡
ͦ˵ͷſڣſںȻֹֻͷҶСһۣŰȻȥ
ͦ鷿ǰүˣֵܱͦˣ룡
ͦٲ鷿ͼ΢Цվ𣬿
ͦæΪ񣬵¹ͦܶˣ
ʡ᲻ؿ裡
кͦصʡʲô°
ͦԥһ£ʹصʮѱϼ죬ʿǣ磬ʱҲһܶ˳֮УʼղָݣĩЩ⣬ԡð̣
ͦòѯԼΧֽӰµģ̽Ħһ³͢Լ̬ȣȴµͷȻ˵һ
Ļֳݣ̾˿γױٵĵκΡȱһλ찡
˵죬£ʵϾָܱ١ܱͬ٣ְҲǲͬģ˵ܱЭܱܱ֮Ĳʹúܡ
ʹˣ̣áǰ͢򺡹ˣҪ죬е𣬱ҲĲ¡ָΨһߣΨн㣡
ͦȻ̧ͷԥֻǣմӳʻвЪϢƬٰ̣صѹļϣⲻȥ
ʱ򣬾͸̬ͦˣͦȴ˳ĬһɶȻܾˡĲ鲻Ը治ǿаѹ
ͦ˼Ӧ֣˼֣ڳ˿Ȼصһȭܶ˿أĩԸΪ죬ַ棡
ϲվϲõص̼ǵãһսǿ˿סĳԸƺͣӦɾͲ֮Ӣ
ͦǰ˽ҡڣȻĩ죬ڵأˣֹģӣ
ǰס֣ҡҡЦõĸǴɷˣ

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һ£оĴı¡¡𡣸·ѶҼףģϳ۳򣬸ϸоͬʱ·µıҲ׷׸УгУȺġ
ս˻սԣʱУڣ̼һƬȻ£ɱӯװ׳⺷Ļӵһװͦɳ۶ԯ
ʱ꣬·׷׸ϵͦҲϾѣ˽һ£ֱоʡ
оڣ飬Ĺ֮ܶ佫ܱ֮ȵڽˣоڵîʡ
ء
ŽʮԱսף󲽶룬һʱҶ﬽·ʿǣ񲻿ɵʵܱνλָӣ˾·ҲǱʡʡĴӻ⣬ϸ˵ľһɢɳǳѡ
ж俴У㲻ʸ˧ӡҲ޷ǿˣΥģ˲ϢսϣҲǺҪ顣
ҲҪҵһλ·춼ŷĴ󽫲ſϳԭִٳȻܣˣЩʱգ»˿պЩǮĥЩ
оǹ֣ȴһƬĬֻоٵͳɤڴлص
зǿڿٻרϣնӽŻƳ񣬱˸߸ʣ˧ϣնʱ¡
оٸܶ˳зȫ֣졣ѲѲפ佭Эͬ档ҳְ͢·ˣĴܱͦȫ
ͦУ
ĩڣ
ͦ󲽳Уȭ齫ɱУʶƼܱһְַ棡Ըȥն죬ɣ
˫ܱӡ֣ͦ
ͦϥ򵹣˫ָ߾٣ܱУͦĩ
һ֣ó˧첿񣡡
ʱǿ׵ʱͦ˧ӡߵ˧֮Ȱ˧ӡźãɨһһ֧ܱӢУ
ĩڣ
˧ٱϴݣ
ĩ
Ӣǰӹִ˻ȻóϷġ
ֳͦһ֧ȵܱУ
ĩڣ
˧ٱϽݣ
ĩ
ܱϣУ

ͦ׼һһԸɣܱϣܱͯڽνɳϪܱӦ¡ܱ࣬ÿ·ˡ
˵ͦһƼվںеҶС죬ͬôܱȣҶСָС˵ʵ˿˵ֲһָʣҶСĿһǧˣ൱ڰܱˣٶСʵɲԲʸʡ
ͦҶСкøУ˵ǸмȻ˼ת䣬Ǿһšǧ˵һҶСһ޶ѹ֪ǳҶС찲ţ˶ǵȻǼ£˭֮ǰһϵ¼ҲзҪá
ͦһůţָҶСУ
ĩڣ
汾ܱ뽭֮ȷ棡
ĩ
ҶСǰͦ΢΢һЦ˧ᣬΪ棬úøɣ
ҶСһȷ˿ģԸ˧βΪЧ
ͦͷ͵ؿ˻ضУһо岿𣡡
ίθ·˧ģھĲȻǳ֣ƶȴֻоɡ
оǰͦľ²ʵ·ԼĵλķλҲ֪ԼҪεս˭˧
󵶹˧ܱͦ˵ãһӦţҲͳĽܣûʲôˡ
¹һϵеľʹ͵ģԴǰ·츮פʱľܽᣬ˰
ѡ˧ν͡һͨæµѾˣǾ;ȵɢ뿪ʱҶСźվʹ
ǧԯţ̽ͷ̽Ե߿ۿڽ׷߳ǽŲǵҶС죬Ȳӭȥ˳ص磬Ϊ㲿ȷ¶䣿
ҶСֿ̯Цѡȷ棬ȷһȷ棿
ǧҶСæοҲ٣ҷоӦܱӢϴ˿һߣͬȷ棬ҵû˻᣿
ǧûɵصֻϧδ粢ս
ҶСЦʲôǾͱһȣ˭ȹͣ
ǧһ⻰־ðҾͺʹģ˭ȹºͣ˵ҪͰھƣ
ҶСڴӦǧ˳ظǣȥӮע¶ȥˡҶС쿴ıӰаıĵ㵱ֵܣŲ㵱ǹʹ


20 ٳ
ꥣ˹
У֡
ҶСϣƺƵǰͷ󲻼β
ƷһװŮװʱۣʱƷǡʮ߰˵һλ
ƷУңҶСû뵽㾹㳲ȫҵ˰ɣһٰˣЩʱĲǻʱͻȺ֮ţϣ֮ˡ
ҶСû뵽ʱ˿ģͼս⣬Цҵ³ôβҵģʵڲɣ˻ɽҵĲͷˣ֪ɽңɽԲأ
Ʒ´Լʵôʲô
ҶС˻ɽУҾֻüߡߵĻҪ̺ҿģҲǿ
ƷϷң浱ȡķ²𣿡
ҶСһȣѽѵǣ
ƷһϣһȥƬ̣ȴ̲סתҶСΪʲôһ˻ɽ͵üߣ˾
ҶСκһƶȵγɣƾնġʱأγɵʺɽгɽ룬֮ѣϴ´ﲢףʵ˾ƣûйΣ˾ѶԸشƫԶĲʵЧͳΣձȻΪһɢɳֵط̣õѡ񡣡
ƷһƬ̣벻㾹⣬ʵӹµ֮ɱȣβ£һ֮£֮ϣԶʤڴ˼һ
ҶСЦ㻹ҪȰң˸־ڴ˼ңĺܣΪʲôҪưԣܺô
ҶСͦͦ˶ǰȻұǡľųеСȸαҪ֪ȸĺáȸĺá
ҶСȻתƷҶС죬޴־
ƷͣҶСһгĽͣȻҲףһŮ˼ңΪȨƣ
ƷһۣŮΪʲôͲȨƣ
ҶСҡҡͷͬΪıһҪȰһ䣬ЩɣӦɲ˴
ƷЦƾʲô۶ϣ֮ǰսӮˡһ̣ǿڣҲδرӮ
ҶСҡͷһˣҲ޹ؽ֣һ죬ӦҪ䡣ûе֮µġ
Ʒ벻㻹
Ҳ
ҶСһһῴûĻĦɣ͵ȨŮ
Ʒ֪ںЩʲôΪ˵ǹƷȻŵ֮Դȴûʲôоû⻰׷ʣΪɲ˴£
ΪҰ
ҶСƤЦҾһĳ㣬ҽţɲ¡
ⷬٵģ˵Цĳɷ־Ӷ࣬Ʒ뵽ҶСͻ𣬵˼ϧϧˣ㱾ԳΪıչ£û뵽ȴԳ͢˵ң
ҶСɫˣ˵治ĻɣҶң̸ζɽҶңҲ̸εҳϡ֮ңӦֻ֮һ鷲ˣϣԼҵļˡѻøңڵͨˣ
ҶСٴΰͷתĴǰصģͼıʲôӦ˻ʵۣѵͿˣʱĹĶǸࡣ
ƷЦˣڽص˵˵ȥУŮ˾͸ӲǺŮˡ
ҶСؿһۣ˵ˡ

·ͷ
·;Уִͦİմ·սн಻ʤҲڼսܽʦɾϣթҲ
ⷬʵ֮ǰ֮󣬶֤ⷬ·Ҳ͸͢ƽѵļ
ʱɽַ˵ɽ忪ѣͦȻ뺷Ӣ£ȴһֱӣ˼ĺܣô´£˵游ƽ˿ȷ˷ɽǲݱƽǰףһʱʿ
··У뽭ΪҪͨһͨͿԳֱ룬·ƼѣԶ뽭֮
ͦ˧ָ뽭սۣȷٱ֮ǵҶС죬Ӧر뽭Ҫ
뽭һսڶɽӦפɽؽգҲӦĸ֮һ۹֮ϣӸ£ۼƼ̾񷬳͢Ʋ
ɽ£ҶСȷ͵ӪľΪߣ׼ǡƷ۹أҶСһأҲݻ㲻ҪҪֻҲʧأ㹥ʱֻļҵҲҪһˣҵҪΪ͢£
ҶС쵭һЦҪģҲӲ̣ΰɽˣҿ


21 
սߣΪʤԴ֮ʤ
ҶСҵʿսֻǸµսɹģĴε䡢ЭսҲУҲУԣò󲻰ܣսѧϰ̶ʤ
ҶС¼üһã˻ƷɣİסҶС֪ԼڣԸˡϡƽɣ޶ء䡢ߴ󱦵ˣ㶼о·سõġ
ЩὫ죬Ҫôӹ̣Ҫô飬ϱսߣлһȳӣжԾٱһǧٱǰϷ;УΪվ˲мɴϾ
һȳӣ͢˲żüãΪ٣ҶСǲһڽ걾ͲߣʶҪԼĽʱؽѶǧƸҲһԱ
ҶСҵıóսɽóսԶԶҪֵ߳ģҰսسսսսսЭͬսҪᣬҪҪóһᣡ
Ծһ˵Ķԣ̣ǵ̵ʱž˭ʤ˭ʱǣɾʱǣܡءϸƣͶ༸ʤ㡣ٱ̵ʱ֮ս޲ʤԭ򣬿ɲǵս֮ϣרƾ֮£
ʱһױ첽ʣҶСＸ䣬ҶСЦ󵶶ĺܹ˼֪ҪᣬڰţȥջڣƷɡԾǼ飡
ڽҶС첽£ԾŹսҰսɱܴ󣬳ǳعҰսҲвͬԱֹɡеװս֮Ҳѧʡĳ֮ǰ˼ױ䷽ҿһ£
Ծ˵ţȡһдֱֵֽɢˣҶͷƷɿϸ֪Ҫ븨ô磬ƾһֺüʲôã缢ƿʣ̼ȡһ֪ʶ
ԾȻ˻ڣǵİվ͸ˡκһһףڹҪЯ֮·ȴѡɽֻǵĵһأһˣ滹дѵҪ򣬻ڳأ䲻Ҫȫĺȡȥ׼ͳӣԱʱ֮衣
Ʒȥ죬ʲôעϸ˵֪
ƷɵְȶԾߣ֪ǲо̲ԾԶԶԾأԾأھдˮ֮СȻȲˣͦȴɿ߳ɳϱ˵ûбˡ
͸ҶСǻڣҶС֪̰ͦƣԳ۵һʼصĽ񱦣ȻͶұóŴҶСȷ棬ڵҲϷ칫ص
ʱлûкĴڡԴӻҩȼպͱըѱʶѸھУγ˻̣ĩ꿹ڲʯáڡܽ
ʱνڵ˵ǴŵڣͲװҩ͸ɰƬһںȥγ棬ɱ̶ֻ̣ˣԹᡣ
ɼ˼ʱλ밢磬˽Ƕ˷ƣڴʱķչʤڶˡ
䣬͢õ˷ɻڣʱйԱȻɣǶԽսһ㶼ԷС塱մзܿԼĴ󽫾ڡ
ʱڵķչѾһ½׶Σ˺˳ΪĴڵͻڡֻڣɣ֮ɶʯǣʮֻ˻ûмʶҪٹʮ꣬ŻԵִڵڼһƣ˼ӦãѰ﷫ȥһߣپ㡣
ֱʮ꣬ӡȹ˾ġ޺šڹ㶫û͢˴̣ŪʮźĴڣÿǧӴ͢Ļ˷Ծչ
ʱûмʶĴڣͦ͸ҶСİŻھǳ͢Ƚ֮һˡ⻢ٱһֻڣҲȻڱȽƣʺɽս
ԣ´ʱѾ˺ĴڣǵݵĵƣҲδþͱȻڸʺڴ˵սҶСȥջڣƷǺڹܶҶСϲʤ
ҶСûлûڵʿͦҲǵһ㣬Ⲧʮ֣ҶСУֱԼϸΪֹҶСһڣ羪ףԶһỤ̃ƬɽʯȻ£ƺˡ
ҶСǷȵڹܶƷصдӦȻصס𣿡
ƷҲľڻڵȴǲмɹɷϣģزסɽأ㡭¦ɽأ
ôҶС쿴ƷĹ⡣ƷߣɲΪۣ仰


22 սɽ
ɽȺɽب崣罣ꪣֱ죬ɽȮնĵƣڲȴֻǲҪһذս¡¡Žأһսʼˡ
ҪȡʤֵطǲܵģвӦӦϣΨƾʵӲͷҪһ֧ǱĹ̡ԡѪôܳɾһ֧־İսʦ
ҶСҲ֪ȷʧأҪߵһһǧһǧ˰ˣһǧ˰ҴϱҲΪľԼսս־ɾľꡣ
ʣһǧ˰ÿֻʮҲܸһ֧һǧ˵ս޲ʤľãѪսľӽʼѳǭԣҪ֪ǰδ
䣡䣡䣡Ⱥɽ֮䵴ڷˣȻ⻢ڲԺ俪ɽΪǽĹذܶԹذϵؾγɴɱˣԺùؿصĴš
سĺŽؾèڳͷߣʼԵսλչ
ϵؾʵر࣬ΪٶĻҲڲسխ¿֪·Уݶ쳵սʯ޷ȫչݺͷץӱȻϬ
ǰжƽʿӴҶֶܻ壬γһƶĸߴǽʸʯ޷˺ܺʿֺβʪţƤĶ쳵Źسкʸʯľ𲽱ƽ
ҶСоսƽȴ߳ģսҲͷһΣϣͬҪһ±ϴ
ƷȻҰĲĴսֺγǵһΣһĻҲǻʧɫɲ֪ģȴһѪŵĸо鲻Խػ룬Ҽףָָһ档
ѪƺŲݵѪҺսĺܣҲͶΪһˣŸӷԸ
ڡʯ쳵ַԶѹƳͷеƽź˷ϸҶСٱ˻
ҶСͼ壬ҧţȲƱҲĥ³һҪһ顣ʱǾǰ밲αȼļƻҲ
һǿݰ⻹ֻһССĶɽء
ҶСȻ̾ϢƷＥڽһۣôˣ
ҶСɨһۣǲ̣ôΪӦһ˽ȥв̣ѵ޸о
ƷǰսĲսȥĿ⺮ΪʲôҪọ̀ˣŵȣЩˣһ뷨һͷ߳ǧˣΪʵԸǰ̡ǰǵ˺γǴԼһУ衢ԥԥģº棿
ҶСЦҵˣûӦ֮ǰҲǰϼ߸ϵĴС㣬Сϡ
ƷＥڽصҲˣ㲻ǸоСμ۳Ϊһ˾ҲǸСΪһˣҲӿԣǲָˡ
ҶС컺صҵԸҶӺһܰЩС˿ˡ
ͬƷ˵һҶС黺࣬һ߰ɣȥһ塣
ƷЩ⣺㲻Զսˣ
ûҪɽһ
ҶС˵һ䣬ٲʣƷԥһ£Ƿˡ

أôͣˣ
Ʒɿ첽ϵŻڵİôѯʡԾһȳһյ߹̫ˣһȻֻ»ըţ
Ʒɽػͷ˿ڻѹƣͷؾľʯҪǮƷɵ콵£ʿҪڻ֧Ԯ
ԾһѣСƷɣܱ͸ǵģ͵ģ
ƷãȻʲô˼
ԾЩڹȻ޴ȴʹôģһͲˡҪô̽ͣҪô䵯ƫӴҪôͻըšǾлûлأʡŵðǵһ̡
Ʒ׹òţǴУ˱ֵǮ
ǡ
Ʒɵòſǣհͺáڡ
Ʒɿ˻һֻۣҪڣһжڣҪڣǴ˻Ǯð죬Ҫж٣Щڣ
Ծ֪ҶСڴɽһټĿЩզࡣƷײ˵ػʱԾҵ֮ˡ
Ծڱ˴Ľ°취Ƭ֮󣬴ں𣬵ҩžкͷ̶ؾͷܣѰܣ´ʿٶȷź


23 ɳ
ѪⰻȻɽͣϦ֮ȾһɱҶСվɽϣĴƺƵǰ
ɽһսľ˰ٶˣһǧˣԱѾͻغƣԱ»ߡ
ɽڵʱͻˣŻѾһ롣ţҶСһͭĺϴء
صƲɽҪʿɽѪսѸٷ̥ǰı仯ս;ʿ֮ǰ֮𣬹ʶмԱսȴ֮ǰ߳һֹ
ȻԵսֻͨڵһβμִսľϣһս±ʵϲս˶٣֮ǰΪŻʧ룬սӳɵ⡣
ҶСıȻǵһսڴ˿̵ս֮ǰս䲻˵ǴеȴҲɽƴǿ˶٣ɳ
ͭĺϴˣ˿ۿĴǰţҶСгԺַӦһⳡսӵһ֧ǧǽʵп
ضɽĲؽƳ֮ضˣܵͭģŻ˿ҶС׷ˣȲֻӣӵϴ壬ҶСľҡͣӵľš
ľɽ򶴡̨ʵɽɽϸһɽԲرĵʮҪǽ¦ɽصıؾ֮һоɴжϺ·롣
ӵľӹķĲбټϴ˵صפԼʱũգˣӪկɽҰƷǳˡ
ҶС״֪ƾһ·ӲפȺͦͦоϵɽ·ͬʱսʹǲܱ˴˺ӦֻܸΪս
ͦԶս־ӣ־Ŵ󵶣ߺͣնףĽǮӾ壬ûаɵĻһףɱУƲɵ
ͦϵصǲɫؾͰڻսнϷͷۼı죬ͦͻȻݻ𣬴ܣݾȥݾֻñɽ
ȴͦھɱڶڶ˲нգȻӲȥŨ̹ȴ޿ײ롣ɽʵͨڣκ̫ͨСɢȥԶԶȥɽ֮ϵͨں̴ѣݾڶѬ
ľɽ򡢼̨һٱˣֺֻǷһǧľ˸֮һ档аʬ壬˴ûüˣ˴ӶϳΪͨڵԭûֻѬСһ㣬ֻͬʹȥĻбصؽл
ӦõɽľʧصϢʧɫ¦ɽǲݴţһȥӡ
Ӧ¦ɽоսƴԱг͢ĵӦ⣬ĶΩ·һ·ֱɿɡ޹ų·ͦ
ͬʱͣǲӭս·һʱ׽⣬Ӧʱ׷ĪоʦԲ٣Ǹκδʱȴˡ
ǭؾӪֻ꣬Щ͵飬ǵİڴʱҪáΩƺƵĳùǵߡ
ϢѸٴݵͦİͷΪҶС޴ϵٴ࿴Ҳһʱõ鱨ҶСӵ鱨Ͼȥͦˡ
ͦвٽ죬֪ʲôһҶСͦͷһЦʾ²£ҶСԱ߰
ЩͷҶСְλͣʵܱͦԴҶʶҲ֪ܱϵȷ٣Ȼش󣬺γ͹Զָ߿˼֡
ͦǰĻҾսʤʿ硣Ӧǰթܣʩյ̶֮ԵεϤΪʤò
ҶСΪͦΪȡʤǣصǰĸޣ֪ӦֱϢһˣĩոյõϢӦ·ɿɡ޹ųҾ
ͦЦѾ֪£
ͦɳϻһ£ϱɫŸɫС죬ɫĴӦȻ̸ɫ·ͦһ·ɫǺɫġ
ͦ㿴·չ˳ǹǱߵ·ڽϰô·УΨ뽭һ·ֱ룬ǰȥ͵ʯˣֻҪʯأӦŻ֮أ¦ɽأʱ
ͦվһߵг죬ֱɿɡ޹ųأɿΩɡ޹ųأȫȥһյ룬
ҶСɳȥҶСİӽͦʾ֮еİɱɵõһ


24 ͷ
ҶСõӦ·Ϣ֮뻪ƷɡԾһΪӦüоȹռʯأʱɹ˿أӦ·ˣѾչأҲԼء
ֻ֪һ·ݱռ˺ͣȴҲδΧչ̫־ãͦⷬҶСȴò룬ⱾӦϣأ
ʯǷԸ·֮ǰ͹ˣڵļ㣬·ǷӴʱ䣬ҪǲݾвΪ֪ܹͨǰִأ
֮ǰαյ̶ȫߣ̫ôһԣ̫ԴǵڶܲٷͬĴɣΪαӦƼ򵥵ͬһװ취ٶȫߣ
ս֮ϣݲ˿磬ֿȫ״ֻһ߿ܣӦȫܱһĻ롣ҶСȻľ̵ܱͦǸӦأ
ͦ°ͣһЦӦֱѵӾͲֱô
ͦ´˿ڵĺ죬ֳ죬޹Ųһ棬Ӫڵ²һ棬һСУ˼Σ޹ź;Ӫڵ֮һɽв¡
ڽ׷Χۿͦź룬һۣô
ҶСûףûʣĵĺܣܱˣǡ
Լķ˿󽫾Ҳģָ㿴޹ŵҪǷ˺ôŴһ·ڴˣֻǧˣ֮ھ
ҶСǴˣ
ͦҡͷ޹ֻǧ˼أһȥɿ·;޹ԶҪ޹ţɱһǧ޹ţ⣬ǧڴɿǰ޹ŵıؾ֮·ϣԴӵѵӾͲܴ
ҶС쿴һ²פӪصĺ죬ֿ˲ԶɽرĵͼȻܱ˷ֱ޹ţһֵ飬һǣΩɷŽķΧ
ͦӪһ·ʯԻоԱΪΩʱ򡭡
ͦγɽ죬ͨɵ·ϡ
һü󵶣հ޹زסֻɿĲݱûз
ͦûȷաԣ޹ŵĹطҪӹ̣ǵӪկҲüӹ̡ЩսЩԷһ
ͦüͷ΢΢޹ʧأɿҲδʵʩӦ޹ŵؾشӪԴӪɽӦоһս
ͦĺ֮ԷȥˣԱ䲻ηվѰġߵţǱҲ԰·´˴սԼޣָڵִ¦ɽȼȶذΥ߾£
·͵üӿо·һǿƣͦ㱻ΧʯǰӦҲǰ֧Ԯһء
ͦսѸٴȥϴһ·ڽһ·ƫһ·оѹĴΪ·ǽչ˳ġ
ϴ·ܱӢȻ󵶾Ϊܱ˿ȴҪ󵶽Ƶģ뵽һ࣬Ӣɲҵδڸص㣬ͦܶ顣
Ӣ˰ǧ˺СһֻǧٱӢֻռʮ֮һܱһʼûǵ¶
һʯ·ǱԱʣսսҾֵĶǿȦɵ㣬ӢıֵĲ̫ҾȻĻӢһ·Ҳڳٳûб֡
ӢС£żɽصλ˴սˣҾָڵִ¦ɽϣǻڽկ´粽У˼֮ڣ󵶲Ϸ氡
ǧһۣܱ˵˼ǣ
ӢЩݣһʼ̫Ҿ˺ڱҪ˼ȥͷʵЩ˵ڡԼıΣ
ֻܱúյҹʯڴսկ·ǣ˴˺ӦѹҾǿйգϧЧ룬һ㣬Ե棬ȴ֪ٳа취կ֮Ѱһͻƣ
ǧصкѣֻҪܱ㡭
һȣǧס˿ڣŤͷϣŷɿزɷһţȴһʱҲδɷֻܱǳǳһЦҷ޶˼ȻˣΪ˱ЧңҪȥҪͷ󣬲ѡֻЩʱգҲע⵽ˣܱ£Щɢ
һСŮָӢһ졣ıȷʵ̫˵Ļ
ҾկܱȴܼʱӦʹҾӪʱɾ·ˣ
Ӣҧҧǡٷкν飿
һһصҪܱ¾״ֻҪǶһկųѶţӦصһʱ֮ڹɽȥߣնߣնʱߣն
Ӣ׵ҴӦˣ
ߣҲη壬֪طӦͣնߣʮǰߣ׼ߣκ˲ð̰īͣ
ӢʳСָ죬ɫܱԵִ٣֤۲۵ִŮͷ
һЦȭˣĩҲܱ¾״ҾȱսһˣҲһͻկϴ·һ


25 
ܾ룬ջΣ͡ԽկΪ׵կסϴʺܱɴ˾öɽկ
ɽկɽˮϸǧڣټԨɽշת֮ϣû֮Уʵѹ
Ӧһ֮췴ȻΪǡĳɹЩʵʱʱвأһҲǾƾհҲԱ
ǧˡ˽ǧʿɽɽأҪ˵ǧˣǧͷһӣҲͲӰ
ֻܱܵԼġٻΪšһϾʿ²ףһɽ϶û˿ϢŪܱɹܵǧһ·ţƤˣһɽͱ˰˽ӡ
ǡǧһ·ĳ⣬ǧܲһûӳɣɽ£ǰϢûҲûһӳ
կؽвգգΪʱ˰̫ᣬŮ޶Եԭ˼Ҹʣ˩Ӳࡣ񳤴ˣһ٣żȥһ֣ա
һգկؽսӵ󷽼ϢĶСӳˡմϲٱչǣδ繦˵֮ģɱ򣬰ƣΪء
կؾկս䲻ңȴҲð㶼ƣˣ񽫾о⣬˭կһƬڡ
ʱǧ˺ǵǧʿȻĵתƵ˽կɽ
ǧ˺ɽ֮ûֱӭɽկȥ˸䣬ܽɽȻ˽߱ڵĺ֣ϸϸɽկΣѡ˽Ϊǵͻƿڡ
ʵӱϿɽկ׹ƵģɽկнΪɽկڵɽߡҲΪѹĳ̶
կӣԨϿȣ٣Ҳһɽկһ׸ܵСɽǰ·һСľ֣֦Ҷï޴ʯӳ䣬ݵôͨʲôѾ۰ɽҲ԰ڲÿ
կӺɽϵ֮ͻȻγͻأֱһʯһٶɣ߶ȣ޷ȥͷֻһ߮ڵı
Ҫѿ˵ĵΣǡǡˣеľǽկĺɽԱ˵Ƕȴǡǡ෴Ϊıǰ׸˱
׸˱ıݰһζרƵģһɽݵȥԶֵΣõϡ
׸˱ǹǹͷ±߻йβԲԵ˵Բ׸ǹйһ˸˵عͻγһǹ˶ɵġ
ͱȥȻƽ̹ʵЩ·ļͻò˼ҲĥˣӲ͵ǹ˶ȴĥϡǣ˸ϵɽ£
ȵʱɳٰ׸˱ǵУʼǧ˴ıҲϰʹð׸˳ǹʱж̣ؼկıѵӵܱͷ
ЩӵܣóɽԽ룬дйİ׸ǹΪס±ϵһЩСͻȺӻ
ߵʿҲԴÿһԼһǹ˵ĳȣεʱǿԿεΪ׳۵һĻʮа׸˱εʸϣһ¶ƽ
ÿһʿòסͣһʧֵ䣬鲻Խؾг¶ϵؾЩȻڵĸ֣ҹңڵϹΣջǴڵġ
Уʿˤ䣬ΪҲλʯ䣬Ӳˤһǵùһˤսײˡ
˶ڽϵ͵λˤģȻȴδһȴˤ÷ǣûгһ˰˵˰Ὺʱѹʱֻж˽կ˲Ųװ
ʱ򣬰׸˱Ѿһ˵¶ˣʱ¶ؾΪƣʱǲܳҶٶЩƣֱЩ׸˱̵嵽ǰؾں˯
ȷʵˣҲδϵվڣȻܹ׸˱ؾͬʱ´Ѷţ׸ǹһ˸˵ش±ߵʿץǹ˶Ų±һֻǽż½İ͹֮ԽԽʿ¶
ˡһǧˣһǧˣһϵʿѵسɽͷϣɽ㼯ǧ˵ʱɫѾĸ죬ɫ˰ɫ
ǧˣܵǵȫˣ
񿴿ɫϵضǧ˵ǵȫͷˡʱо޽䱸ʱ̣ϷѶţɱկӣ
ǧ±һǧ½;Уǧһ룬˵Ķԣ²˳٣ˣ
ǧ¶ؾЪϢǴС¥ϲ̣ҵˣ


26 ڶʳ
¶¥ͬʱȼǧ˵Ĳ»˲ٲľȥɽϷִһʱƣ̼ããҹɫеȼһ֧ȼյĻ档
һǧ˺Ѿµǧྫźųկӣ˾ɱݾաķᶼľṹȼգկʱ
һҹɫǱկ£ۿѹû˿ֻǰһ㻹Ҫ޹ЩʿѾǷش
ʱtʿͻȻϲؽѶˣɽϷѶˣಲڲֳͬϷսǧһͷ̧ɽһϲģ
ʱկһţǧ˺⧲ɱկӣ·ɱһڣկУҲɽɱկȫɥʧ˼֮ġ
ʵǧ˺ǧɱկӣ㹻ĻҡʱɫδΪʱ򣬷ӦҲٶ۵ʱǧЩ˾ǰѱСڱǰȴ㹻ײСǼžߣ˾Ϳ껹Ҫһѻֻһ٣ɽկ֪֪ȫȺ׵״̬ʱɽɱź𣬲ѹǵһݰˡ
կм·վ޷½أ˽կĻҲɹկԮ֮ǰУǲԵ档Ĺٱܼʱկկǧһţܰǧ˺˻ȥġ
죬½կȹɽկģʮߣն
ܱһ·չʵڲ˳ܱҲ漱ˣկǱǧ˽ҽԵĸҶǧҲ
ִһſ񣬵ǰߣԾ͵شһùٱǹ³ǰȥ
ʱڸ߸ߵɽ࣬ԸһĻѶȻկԮġʱ˭ѡɽկ˭ȡþԵʤ
ǧ״¾ƺ«һһһ˫ͨ۾˫һᣬһ壡
ǧҲмҽЩ˽װáճѵҲ࣬ĳ͢սҪǿࡣǧ֪Ǵ˶ȡկĺʱܱȻáնաβ
ǧҽ˽Ȼɱսţ·һļ⵶͢ʿ״Ҳʿկǽկżͬʱͻƣٱˮһӿ˽ȥ
կһƣկʧȥãδһһơӢϲʤ׷ȡɣľأǳ״˾档ȡկԼɣľʱԭΪİ׸˱ȷ
Ӣʵ޷շֻ֮ǰԼʵϱǧˡʵİ׸˾Ϊϴ·սһ

ϴ·ݵʱ޹šɿ·оķƻҲʵʩšҶСһǧˣ󵶰ɽΪĻ
ҶСפɽ˽Ӫկ¾ݿӣӪǽҪЩ¶ûƷƷУٲȻһǹ٣Ӱġ
Ʒ׼ɺ·ֻǷؼʱɱģα˴µĽӪݣѵ㻹פȥ
ҶСо̣Ҳڶڰܱ¡Ҳ֪ԸýʿǲУȺڼ䱾Ҳ£ǽһӪݣԷһһܱƻʧܣ˳׼Ҳڱһˡ
ƷתתЦЦصûǴĻҪĴӪΪĻһƻʧܣζҪȥһͬشӪġȴ·׼ҶˣܱòƲһء
ǵȻиԵļƽϣⲻϡ档ֻҪӦ£־һͬǾˡˣҲˣûõġ
ʱʿһСУһ˵˼ʲôҶСͷ
Ƭ̹һ米͡糾߽ʣҶСһߣֹ˰죬˲ֱȭǡƷװ⣬ȴһֱŶԼԼϤ֣ࡢƽƷЩסˡ
ٹһߣƷڱ·У߲뽭¦ɽΪξڰࡢ
ҶСȻһۣöȻˡ
Ʒﱾںթһڳϣһص㡭ĥࡢȵʲô
ҶСһȤƷＤľУ֪ϤȫҲѲãʲô
ҶСЦЦ˵ҲûʲôóϱɻʵȴֻһöָʹĹӡⶫȲֲʵôĥţʵۿŶҾʹϴ⡣ټһݣ㲻ҳ⣬Ҳࢿɡ
ƷԲһ˫ۣ㵵ؿҶС죬ΪҶСóϱУΪ˱ʵ۵Ĵȣû뵽θô󣬾ʡʮڱٲݣҪӻʵۿзһ


27 ٵ
ʱصҶСʱǰĹ뷿֮ڡҶСỬӣ˸ոջһϢЩȡҶС˼Ϲʵأаտô
гּ͢սʱɿ˿ڡ˰ۡϺˣ񲻱ϱԢӹ󣬴˼δƽ͹ʶ˼߸ࡣңҸ߹㣬ɱģԣ⣡
ü΢ЩطͨȡǡˣϷ鷳Ҫ˳ˣҪ֣ţɵĿط˲ţֻԶԶ
ҶСԣֻҪ˼ĸĸֻǼҵˣ
ҶС΢΢ḧ˿еĻۼǵޱȵߣ·ˮ֮ϵһС˼Ǳߣ׼ȥûˣУнô꣬һ˲ţ԰˼ݣ
һǰһΣֽһ£ӣһ˫ˮĴ۾ɢµ㷢֮䣬ޱġ
㡭Ҫ˼ݣɼֿƣ
ҶСҶֳŵģ˼ĸϡعܺùһɢɳϣ˼ĸҪţƣ
˸żỨѰԼҶˣܻġҶСôҲ˽βм㡣
ǿɲһĶֵѽôĵ̣˵;ˣ๫ĿأҲǴ˿ʵڷٲþҪŪ࣬طһԱˡ
ʵҶСԴɽΪ磬˼ĸ׳ȥΪسŵҲкʵĿǡ˼˼ݰ˸ԭϣͷֱӵһλοʹ˼οʹ˼οʹ
ʷԭȴҲ͹Ĵٳɡ˼ݡ˼мһɽɽ룬ԽϰһλͳͳһʱͨѶܶǺѼʱġ
£ͱ÷Ȩ踺ɽǱ֮Ȩö֮ȻͬΡˣĪ翶һЩ˼Ǳ߶ȥҲǿ鱾ͺյϺķ̫
ҶСǣȫƿ˼ϣ˼Ҳĸ˼Ϻʯ䡣ʯ֮ͭʣҶСͭʣ̽ͨ˼ϿĴɽӴ򽻵ͨʯ䣬̽㡣
Ӧµʱ˺γûĵ̡ࡢƽ˾ҶСĿġ
˾ʯ䣬ƣһأڽգҲ̸͢ˮˮң˵ؾˮԶм仹һˮǲġ
ҶС첢ԶԶȴǿԵġ밲ұϵˮμҪжĻͱÿǵҵ̬ȡֻˮμҵĶڣˮμ־ڱص֮ء
ˮμ벥ôΪʲôһֱϣΪˮμҲ뱻סμŬڽ㣬ֻռһϯ֮أڽǵͲǲμҵμҾܴһԼóͨ
ҶСֿ˰Һμҵ棬֪ǲΪԼϰŶү˺һ֮ǰҪǣһӦ᲻ܣһ¾ǣӦˣҪưࡢƽأмҲһʯͯҡ
ʯͯңһֱҷԴˡΪһ˵󲻴˵ССǴڲӦǿ֮࣬зζܡ
ԣͯһֱϰԶԿϵ̲ҶСͯѸͬҶС׽£ͬͼıԸʯչϡϣϸչϸӹҶС֮ͯѸռϹʵأͬҶС
Ӧֱӿţ룬ռʯ䡢ͭļƻʧܺ󣬾ͨĴµĵһ·ɴ˷˶ͯҵıȣͯұְͨ
һ޳ҶС첻Σ׿ͯҵĵ̣ƽͰһɵأռҲ޷ʵʩͳΣԣͯҾͳҪһ⡣
ҶС¦ɽǰפ㲻ǰȦʱͭҲûţĸҴС㡢ţӡ˵ݣ˼ĸʵشѲӼطԱľġ
״βֶΣӲ϶ĸʵʩǿǵĿơ
ͭڼҵŮ˾ƷڬBڴС㣬ҲڴʱҼףǧɱڽųҪЭַ͢档ıؾ֮أǸø˾ͯңƷĴӪˡ


28 
ڬBô˷Ҳ㳲ˣǧڼҾǧͣţҲס˵ĻڼҾ޷վͭʵһ˾λãȻȡ
ʱֵʱѾȫʧأڬBþҲˡҶС칦ܴɣӦ˴ƣô֮£ͭҲѱȫǴ˽黹ǴӹϿǣڬBöֻܱˮһս
ԣڬBҲǹĺܣŮи壬ԼİںԱĸ󽫣ǧҼףֱø˾
ø˾ͯĿǰĴǳΣҶСһ֮ͯӦӦʱæڰƽˮҺˮμңͲ߲Ҫ£ҲֺɫҵĹϵʱ
ͯ˱һȣӦˡһͯƿͷʹˣҪӦ췴û;ĵģ͢ȿǱӦҪֵĶࡣ
Ҫվڳ͢һߣͬûеĵ벥ڣģ棬ӦͷȰô죿ȹȻ֣ɽ߻ʵԶš
ͯŪòΣ͢ʮ棬÷űӶڸ̶ƨҲҿһӦ֣Գư볯ӣҲǻ֪·һ
ͯϴ뱣καȴᡣҶСȥĴӦܶ٣ȥˣߵĲ·ҶBҪμӹҶҶѲȴҪĵ̵ģα̬
ܾǾͰվӦһˣҶҲǳصģһʱ֮ʰӦҪʰͯģһģҪˡ
ӦһӦӱսô죿ǲϵĵ̣ڵģһӦô죿ͯҵĺӹ
Σʵ޼ƳֻͯӲһ⣬һδ޵ֶŮ˸ɽеһ˾һӦǳӼ򣬼顣߻һͯүӾһӦҪȫɽϸȥˡ
ʱߵģ˼ڬBõˣڣҪҲڣʴӣʾǾ͵ÿͿӴ˾̶ء
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İֱ׳Ҫͯҽʳ⡣ͯƴһ³ɽڸ̶ϳһһϳɳصͯҢ
ͯҢͯҳУȷȣǶڵʱҲڳָʾ飬Ҫʾ㱨ûԳеش顣
ΣթңѡһУԸƢҲûȱݣһشûУէȻеΣæҡ
ͯҢͯүߵȹξܾæİɫһͨţæҵؿǣṩȻҲڴӦڬBóҶָӵ飬ս͢ʡ
ڬBõǧȻǣǷɵ¶Ҫ˵ڼͯҷε˾㶼£ĳ͢ҲûǵĵڬBҪǣֳ⡣
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ڬBɣ뵱벻ߵҶС춼¹ͭʸżҴ󵱼ұѪǸ߸ϵŮǿޱȣͯҢһεĺСܹܵġ
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ͯҢֻЩ񣬶Ҫ޲Ӧ߿׼䣬æΪڴ󽫾סʱͯҢŷ֣ѹڴ󽫾ҪǣһСģλڴ󽫾н񱣬ͯҵո±졢߲;ߣ˼ҲãҪԼġһӶбŮ룬̴æòֺ
ͯҢΣֻ˯һ¶õôŮ˼ҵ¶ʵǽ벻ס
ʱ򣬱ȥӭӵѾ̧׺õ˳š⣬ЩŽ͵ڼһΡ۷Ź⣬ͯ˰Ʋ졣
ȴϣ̧ո˵ţЩڼȴͻȻһһȺţƵǳͯӭӶĿɿڴڲЩж겻֪ζˣ
ǻûףͷЩڼҲֱ߳ȥֱţ


29 
ͯҢΪˣ߻û׵Ȼʧ뿪ӿڴ󽫾ųһᱻڬBõļŮǸĿȫǵʱһͯӵܽ磬²á
⡰²á·һѶţСŮ޳дͯҢԾأһ仰ͻȻͰеĳһףͯҢȥ
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Ǹŵͯӵæҵ˺ϵޣͼĿԲѾһֵ˵ϣһͼЩڽļŮǷ·һȺͻȫûзͯ˴ɱɱţͿԼͷԽԽߣӸ£СԺ¾Ĳҿ۵ס
ͯɽϲƣŵȼţڴ󽫾뿪ٻȥԥڬBʤܣӰ۷ʱԼӲӴʲô̬ȡʲôԴţˡ
̶ɡ䣡
ͯ־ŭոձֶŮλɽ˾٣ææϻظ̶ɡ
˵ȻڬBɱģͯҲû취һʧȥĸûϻʱ׸ȥ棬ɱӣ˻ţӻǲģڬBһǧҪسǣԶ׷ʱͯϽٵ˼Բ߱ǡ
ͯƼϻظ̶ɣͷѾˡڡ֣ɿͷͣĴֻˡڡšͯư±ڬBý棬ȴֻڬBøѡ
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ͯƾҲûãΪɽͻˡ
־ӵ˵ǰһնգֵֺģ绨ıֶŮոռ˵λɽ˾
һ˴һϮۣͺԴһֻ˶ӥӣ۾ţеȸۣ·ӣ˲š
ͯƲ֪ãҲʲôôһϹͷֶܵŮɽկһòҺŮͷˮˡ
ͯɽŮʵҲɵҶСƣ͢˾үƫ̻иݣƽߣ֮ˡ
ĵ̿ɾڴɽУȻѾ˹ƽ̵Ŀƣɹƽ̶ԸòӰٻһ쳤˵Ⱦһ벿ҡˣţǿƣвΪԼĵ
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аɽͭȽ󷴵¶ɲǹδʱֻ֪ᷢı仯ͯϸľʹ˹óɽͯҵĸδˣһŻǷǻˣ
׵Ľ裬ǽ׵ƻ֮ϵġǡͯѵͯ벥ϰͨţ֤֣⻹ɱʱһʱ䣬̶Ѫɺӡ


30 ƽ
̶ζ˼ĸڣССһʮ˾٣Ѿûһţ֮
ټ㲻չϡʯȫҺͭڼȫҲûκһҲţǵľͳΡ
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ɿΩɣ޹ųأ·ڶ鵽޹ųǣͱ󵶵ĸסˡ
Ӧ޹ųǽʵۿóǵĳ͢´˳Ҳ˺ôһʮŻˢˢڳǰһ죬һȺζǣ
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֮ǰ·Լ˻ʱ䣬ص󵶵ĴӪڼ磬ʱûмʱ繤ߣÿһͣźһͨͨϢ񻰣ڼж·Ȩ
ϣԸ󵶵ĴӪþϿҲһԱĵطıؾ֮·Ϊδϼ̳ˣΪɫġ
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͢һı˶࣬ɽսѷһһУ㰴ԭİţѸٳ޹ųǡ֪˵ؼ˵ѾϤǵĽƻȴǵӲͷƤ󵶵Ӫؽһӿٶȡ
ⶼԴڵʱͨѶԾʹ˹㲻ǰ޷ʱ֪ͨΩ飬˸һãȻ֪¸ϵӪأзߣô죿
׵ĻҵĻҵԲ˵ɲһСĿҲ᲻̣ѽ⣬ٸ󵶴Ωϣ·һȻͻϮˣȴҲһս֮Ͼˣ󵶵Ҳˡʱ·磬ͽӽԼһĹذǡ
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ģоٶȴӰ죬ڸϵصʱڴɨս
Ωϵˣһͷײ󵶵壬ͷĿñΩ൱ƽսսʿǲƽðݡձΩ֡
һԾΩܣ¦ɽص·Ҳ󵶶ˣֻò̶ֻӣȴ·ߣȻҲǱƺõģΩһͷײҶС첼ɽꡣ
ҶСڴ˺֣ɽȴһõķأʱȻóΩĲбܽһټΩҲҼ
Ӫж಼ˣԻ¦ɽѾҶС죬һӭһսֻɽ֣⣬ȫߡ
ҶƺƵɱ޹ųء޹ųոùǹߣʮ̨ǳһſĵعǣͻȻؾˡ
ϲӾǰսȴǳĳ͢ԴԴ˵̵ĺˮƵûûˡһ·˶սʱȫȫ˶ˣǧˣһһսȫû
ʱ·󵶵֮ȻأȴҲݡڽһ·Ҷǰָӣʮչڽأƫһ·ȡ춼ڡ
ӦȴҲܶ٣ùɽ֮ͻȻ𷴻ܹپͯԪ򲿡ͯԪ²νԡرʿ桢ӡָ֥ս
ӦһϮսĵ⣬һٰƫһ·ɱȥǱ˻߰״Ӧ˵ֻ֣֮ǰһڣûʹȥ
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ҶС̾˿ۿƷĿ΢ֻƷﲢû
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Ʒգգ۾ʵ֮
ҶСЦЦⳡ˺Ů֮սʼռϷˣ΢΢תſ˫ۣԸԼͨѾͷĿǣҲĨһĨ©
ͨѾͷǰϼҵĴС㣬ˣεݣȻҲ͹ԹԵΪͿĨ˺󱳣ֱ󱳾ȵͿĨҩ֭ƻҶС棬ٶʵ֮
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ȻҶСͰش˹ȥƷӣɫܵģΪСأԭС񲻼ˣΪһǰϣӲСϡ
ƷͻȻ鸾һʱ˵һЦһŮɮÿ˸ϵһСģ˶ɮСͣΨɮСʼղ
Ů岻ѣɮСģŷϺУȻѸ¹ĸӲˡޣģĳˣƷ㬵ذһ䣬΢΢תת
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Ʒḧţĵ΢°ͼ⣬һֻ˾ĺꡣ


32 
һӰĵԭʼзɿӽţһȡƵĴʱԾʱʱʱԳ㳶ݣٶȾǲӰ졣
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ڣһƬݵرԵͣסˣľϡ裬̲Ȫ٣мСľݣľѾǣţͯоľӴ
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ͨԼ顢ò塢ֹɢǿҵȻʱ̲ǰ˵Ůζˮʯ־μᶨҲܲס޾ջ
ǣƷҲ֪ҶСнģɹֳ̬ȴԼȹ·²һֶǿߵĳݣ͸¶Ϊ˰ϵδƺóϷҪǿߡ
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һˡӯķ·һͷƣ¿ˣɫֵľɫ¹ָ֮ΣҶСѾˣһ˫ĵ񣬶ŵĿɿʳݺݵ룺㻹ûûӾˣôţҾͲˣ̵ģ


33 Ҷ
ûнᢣûлƲǴªĴľͷζҰݣȼž֬ƮĻѣСʮ⣬÷״˼ʡ
ʴ˹⣬ǷҰȤϢԴһЩõǲǸӵĴ̼ȻԴˣƷûа˼ɣҶСʸ־Ҫ˵¦ɽأʸ־Ҫ˵ҶС죬磬ŮˣһսȲƱݲðԥ
͹ȡ޳ΰڵģֻ´¶һ۹޳ѩ׵ĴȣɫҵζʮˡѵĹӳһĵḶ̌͸ļ˵İۣתȵĹʣһγˮӨˣһջħӯӯ
ˡ
βҴƷ
Ʒ︩ѹһӣɽоӪû޴䡢û粺촺װǵѩ׵΢ԾװĿǱζ
Ǻǣôʧô

ƷЦۣȻҶСĴϣǻԲӯ֮ͦҶСԿء
Ʒ䱾һ˫شļϣϣشݣҪһǿĿɽ㣬ԣʮ͸ҲǳڼҪʮңΪһᶮʲôи߳
ƷﱥͦĸˣҶСֻҪһͷͷ˵ּȥҶС첻뱻ֻͷӭƷŮӸµĿ⡣
ҶСڣðϵδҪˣԼϯ
Ʒ΢΢ӣһŮĽα˵ôӦεǲݣֲǲ֪ûϵδҵһǡ
Ʒֱһ˽ҲɵշĥţУѵûи˵˽⣿
ˮҶС죬ḧӣᡢӢбǿı¡㣬ܴһƴλŮˮҪƸɽŮ٣ҪҲóô
֪䣬Ѳ֪ôɢˣڹѩ׵һ˺ʵջǷġǰġǼͦġԲġϸġ޲ɢ޵ջ
ΪʲôϵҾܶεչˣʹˡ췴Ҫģҡౣ㲻
ҶСĻѾ͸ŶҡĿҪըˣֲз磬ʵûȤһüĿСЩ󽫱󵶡ӢλܱһزɧŮòģѾЩܲסˡ
־ڶҡѾ˵ԼʱȻһʿ˾ˣн飡
飬ǾƬҲܵģҶС챻ջ־Ѹһ壬ƷﲻѰŮˣֺγ׽͵ҶƻͱŲ󣬲ѾܵҶСĶҡķһƣһ᲻ɹô
ǣƷһЦӣѸַһǽ۷ӯ˪ѩĶһ崵ҶСѪֱܣκѪٵջ
Ҳ̰ģҪĲ࣡
ƷҶСһ䣺ңܰƵݶϣĺǿҡϲǿߣϲǿߡ
ȵȸ࣬èƵϷɿһ򣬶ҶСһ飬Ȼ󡭡һèŮƵ뿪ˣУߵǽһ֣̬ˡ

ҶСݺݵһ䣬˵˵ƷĪԼܳ屾ܵӰ졣
С䲽˧ʣҶСʱȻһ񣬾Ǿ飬󵶵ľţˡԼ﷢飬ҶСܲģң
Ƭ֮һ¾װ경˽ý߽˴ʣͷҲڲУ΢΢ͷҶС˲̧ͷ
ֻ˫۾ҶС;÷ǳϤһָ֮ҪгӢüۡ촽ƻޣɲչ
С磡
չϲһЦ˳ƿظ̶ɣҪ
˵
ҶСΣգЩ˻ƵζһӴݵĸеԵԾ𣬿첽ߵչߡ
ô
չɻؿҶС˫Ѿļϣʾȥչһ˫ʵĴȿ𼸰ٽʾˣȥ
ҶС켤鿮֪̾ƣʱ꣡Ǽƶ֮֮࣬ιھУǧҪˣһ´

ޡ
ҹɫңң


34 
ڶ糿¦ɽǰɽͶУ·ɾʱҶСʿȻ˾ֶһüĿݰ׵Сʦүǣ˾˼ȺŮϲͯġӵĴ￪
չŮˣȻеŮԸ񣬿ŮվŮˣŮ˵ֱ׼Ŀ¡ҶСҹģټƷ׾жϳ֮ƺеʲôĶټ֮ǰƷΪԱ˵ѾҶСĹ⡣
ǣǰһɽһ롢һؼǰţҶ󽫾бһϷ
չôãôһǧŮˣûʲôȻȻġ
ȻûУΪʾףҶС΢΢üܲõصһۡϧչ¡
ôҲãСôϲŮˣչƲƲ죬һѵӣʵڿ˿˵Ů˺ͷ˵Ǹǧĺ꾫һˡ
Ȼͻţ뿴ɣҿھҲʲôá

ţ
ȣʵеõġ
Ŷ
ʲô˵ã˵
ҶСſչĶ䣬͵ϸһչһŰɵģ棿㲻ǻң
ôợ㣿
Ź֣Ӹոʶڻң
֮ûаɣ
ûУ˵ˣȼˣû취ģӡ˾͵ӨӨȸ㶨ףһھ͵ôţ
ô죿ҶС췭۾벻ˡʱĳŵ㵱ʱ棬ҲǺġ
˵ӣ˵ѳӳŮҵģչһ˵һҶС⣬ҧгݣܻӨӨ㶼ˣûУ
Ҳң֮λ޴ǰ˭ӲӴˣ㻹ߵİɡ
ţСӦչˡ
Ʒ˾һСϱƵģһ˱ǵԹɵ߽εģ·۹һ𣺡ˡ
֮󣺡ǸҰĢʣӡ
ӣΪʲôҪӣչݺݵصɹȥСӦϴصЦߴʲôû˵Ǻ˵Ķ˵ˡ
ҶСִɽһɫ£Ѿդկˣ¦ɽͷѿеĺܣȥܱѯһ¾飡
ҶСߵһֻŵӡҪչ϶ŰƷѾͷ춹ģҶСŲƷﶯ֣˦һ˦䣬һƬġ

Զս֮£ȻشۣǱϾһǰͦȶǰ
ݾ֪ʮդկذ費סģΪ˴ǿصֿšǾͽץ׳Ѹկ˰ʮĺӶץǵڻңȻǼ¦ɽأԴս
ء߹ءڰ˹ء
һհһصٶȻƽţ¦ɽڣԲƽݾɱżֹ۵̬ȣ
͢ıҲ¦ɽأ
ֻҪ¦ɽزƣǲݾ̩ɽ
͢ʦԶƱز־áֻҪס¦ɽأҲݾյӮң
˵⻰ģвҲиԼ׳ٱĵĸɽ
¦ɽҲ׳Щ׳εȴǵڻҴ̣Ȼս³ԽҲ·ڣҪǸ󷹡졢ӹ̳Ƿȴؼ򵥵Ļ
Щ׳ǴӸץɽ񣬰Ϊս³Խڹڵ̻ƣȴвҶСˣٶˡ
ҶСǰ츮·ʱƷ¦ɽصԸ˼ǰˡʱ󵶻δ˧δ¦ɽ뵽ʱ֮оѱ˶ӡ
ץ׳ˣɧģڹڲ뿪ֻ̼ƣȻҲûɡЩУмֻһЩһЩģȻͻᱻؾʶίһЩҪһЩְ񣬱繤ͷͷ
ˣһ⣬ҶСˡȻҲͨɽ̼֣ۼѲãӭֺһ£ñȽϺõĴҪôЩӪġϸһѣҪô˼ҵӰв磬ôܾϸڡ
ղҸĿͷǡ˵𣬳͢ѹʮդˡͷϵ黨ȫɫΧȹշԼǿ
ͷƷһʯͷϣſݵļ⣬ʹһɽţĻҲòȡжˡ
ԭԻݵĿһѾ˴ˣһֱĴϽҵǹͲ⡣ĿǰǸϵϣ
¾ǵĳأƴԣʵȥɽ֮ڵĴϪǸװˡ
ųۣ۽Ҵ磬Ṇ̀¦ɽغرһǽѿ£һгƶм䣬ȴˡ
ʯͷЬףɳӣĿ¾һɨһ£ҹж
ΪЧе˻վֹ廨ţûκעĿʩǵ͸һĪĿȡ


35 ƹ
һհһդٶȲƽšһհһդĵļ㣬ΪЩդկڼҪ·ߣٱ߹Ȼ޷ƣؾһʵҲ޷Ÿ֡
ͬʱؾһûܼסЩʱµդկֻٶȣһǵ˴׳䵱ڻңЩ˵սҲޡ
ԣֻҪݵ϶ѣһհһդȶǰ
һ죬͢Ĵɱ¦ɽ£¦ɽɽȶΪǽмһ̺صĹؿڣǰ֮ǰդկ࣬ȴҲŲ̫ľӣǳǹأǹ֮ƣȷʵһּ᲻ɴݵĸо
󵶲ɫڹǰӪ˻ҶС
Щ죬ս󵶵ִУһ棬ΪǰҶС˴˲٣Ҫһ棬ҲǰǵļƻҪһأҪҶСƵģѵҪڵϣȻҪúһ
ҶСʱںһֱյûʲôºȴҲһֱûţֻͨһԼǿһŮʱ򣬲Żʾ֭ʱʱҶСȴһŮĴƷʱʱòһ
չһͷʳĸϻǽһʵƷﲻͨ书չ춷һŮӶֲķֻðƷǶȫҶСϣǣե
Ϊ˴һĿģƽʱоߣ˳ҶСƶʱһһʩչҶСͬһľ޸ƷǸȻʼճʣ컵ҲζֻǶŮǹལʱδͷʹ
һձ¦ɽأҶСֵ֪ʱˣ̬ʱƷչҲԼֹͬͣĿ⣬⡣
չ֪һǲƣţҪ¦ɽǰô֮սƱҪӳ˵ó͢͵ȴ
ݱĴ˴Ҳܿ¦ɽΪ㣬ΪأĿת棬ת˼ϸʱ׵ľţ룬ҶС콫ҪԳе޴ѹ
Ʒͬ¦ɽصĵʧӦһζʲô¦ɽʮģҶС֮ǰǷ֮ȥӰ¦ɽ£빴ҶС졢̶ŻȴҲû壬Ψһģֻеȴ

£δӪկʱ򣬹ֻز˰֮õͲͱȡɽȪ
ͲصĲǶǹơɽȪǻˮͶҪǧҩԴԴϵͶȥˮʿжʿȫϹӣϪҲ첻ôĶҩ
ȻǴϪ֮߳о˱̵ǧܵƵһ͹ƶǧ̫죬Ϫԭдһֹƶ
ɱǧƵİٷ֮һﲻֻ˸кֹ߱ҷֳʵִ۵һ
ͲеĲкɽȪΪǻҿѸҷֳԲˮЧ֮˸ȾΧ
ǹеؾʱڵտˮȵϰߣҲƶϢؽ˵ĶӡҶСɽеˣڴ֮ǰһ«ˮûˮʱһ̿ʣҲǾһϪˮ
˷֢״һʼûֵӣֻЩ˳˲ʳܶǣǵ죬кԽԽ࣬Щһزͣ㣬
¦ɽôõЩƽʱط㣬ʱ弫Ȳʣ͸طˣһʱ¦ɽڳѬ졣
ʱǲע⣬ӣȴΪǵĲ֢״Լ˴ģķ̫ңбó߱ĽۣһʱĻ̡̻
͢¦ɽأһȴԿԻһǡȫ»Ҳ֮ʣַ˹
ΪӪǰҲвΪӪĺôڵʮդկĽ͵ȡĴ͹еʱѼʱ˵ֳǹ֮¡ӲͷƤδеϳǷأǳԭһһʿʮһҪԭ֮䲢Ϥսʹۿˡ
ʱкȻִҶСڳеļϸĴŻ𣬳ǹзΪľéľҲ࣬һʱڣҲ֪ٴᱻȼ
ͬʱи˸ߺٱ˳ǡ
ͷսæǳǱƻҵæңСҡѬ죬ſӵѰҿɹ½֮ҹɫһʱҲ֪ٱ˳ûУж˽˳ǡ
ʱҶСЩƵ¦ɽز棬ŹһƬңǰսؾעĻᣬɲȻʵš
δƣؾķˡ


36 
ǹڵһУ̫Ϸˡ
ǹеΪ޷¦ɽأ֮Ҳúʱôһ߿ܡҪ֪ݵ֮գĴԪҲȴġ
Ȼôڵϣ麹졣ǹĴһƬҡҹɫе˾ٱ˳ǣ⻹мôٱŸոձٳ°ûһ졣
һУѸٴݻؾĶ־û˭ôǿ־һУһңһʰҹɫټϻңҲΪ߼ٵָӵȡѹѣǡ⿴ɹ˵գٶˡ
󵶻ڳǹǰƣҶСɽƵһ̤ϳǹصʱ򣬼ٵҲģͷؾ԰ѸɱģʱĳͷѾûʵʩͳһЧָӣҪôΪսҪôúߣҶСѸվ˽Ÿ
һоͷƿɳˣ֮һ仰¦ɽأ
һսףʵһ¦ɽأĻȴǶ಻Ϊ֪ıƣڼǰͻѴѪ̳׼
ڳǹ𹥣ʵҲȫʵͶսʸ꣬Աϸ֪˶ٱŰѳǹעʼ
츮ܿյݱʮգͦƾ̣¦ɽءͭţָʹҶС죬׹
ϲδϲΣ¦ɽǲݵռŻ֪¦ɽһʧӦȻƴأ¦ɽضѹڲȴգܷܵסӦķˣȷ¦ɽǷ֡
Ӧб¦ɽأȷпܶ¦ɽصģʱӢܱʱ¦ɽȻʦˣ
ʵӦҲ֪ӢһչѸ٣һ󵶻ʦٲɺʱ¦ɽأĶȥܱǰĲ
ϧǧ˺СޣѾܱ׶Ϊȷ׸˱ɽսбˮֵõܱصȫ֧֣Գ͢ǵϲӣͳһ䡣
һ֮У׸˾ɱòݾ仨ˮǰ·ϮʧܣֻӻزݡһٶȴܣҲ֪Ȼǵճӣܡ۽֮£ҲԸˣԾˣܻ׽
߶¦ɽغ󣬲δæżǰ֮ǰ漸ʧܣȻΪ˲ݾγΪðβԺӦű˸ƣ
սһʱƫƫ䣬ԲΪӪȴսӦУ¦ɽغӪһݴͣսӦĲյĺֵܣʱȴսɱѽѷ֡
ʱܱϢӦһϣսţӢֻ˶ʱٲˣҲҪ
Ӧֻ쳤̾첻Ұ
ӦΣֻüȻĿǰԿŲݴ󲿷ֵĵ̣֪¦ɽһƣԳֱ룬ԴԴϣ·ڲҪ˵ͼı£뱣סһ磬Ҳˡ
¦ɽϣƷһ£ʤ峿ĿຮƵġʵ壬ģû뵽вɹ˵¦ɽأһ֮ڼʧأӦķˣҲʧܸա
Ӧ췴ˣԹѪоϲðգΪʵʱҲ޴ӷˡǣ¦ɽʧˣסˣǳ漣Ӧİֻ¡
۶϶ƷĴأ˿̵ڳǹ֮ϣǷ绪ģһֳĸоԼԣȴֻʣһտˣ롢ȫ¦ɽصʧضɢ
ģһеչٴչ̾˿ҶС
սִ¦ɽ֣Ѿ˽֡׵ڸ̶ɵڬBҲжˣҪȻȵƶжͳˣʱɾͰװΪ˼¡չҪϸȥ̶ɣ֪ͨڬBãʼʳݶһ硣
ҶСͷϳǹأǧɽ֣֮СҶСһڼ£ƷѾע⵽ĵֹã߹Ҳڼһ¡
ҶˣӮˣ
Ʒ˼еĸоǱһֶׯ֮ɥ̬ȴȻĺܡǲѾɥ¶ҶСǰġ
ҶСЦЦʵ¦ɽ֮ǰҵһֱšȻ㿴һݵģ˼㶷Ҳǿְˡ
ƷЩؿҶС죬ҶС͢ˣǿߣţȴǰ᲻ߵģʱҸô죿᲻ῴķϣȰӦţһ
Ʒ°۾΢΢УҶС룬ҪҪƾͼƣİԡˣ޷֮˷֮ʵߡҾͻһ㱣ϰɣ
ôĻȻǰƷﲻֻһҪջһĨλ֬㸡˰ա
ҶСҺãӮˣ
ƷһȻôأӮԺܷܲһ
ҶСǣָ˭
ƷտڲȻָǷΧ̫ҪҶСӣ̫Ҳ룬ǲġ
ҶСҾУ֮٣һֱûл롣ҪҰõϣӣûǡϣȴЩ취
лл㣡
ƷϵҶСлһֱݡϵĴ۸ӣѰҶС쵱һŵĵˣŶҶС˵ǡ
ƷһлĿתɾһ͵֣Ȼ룺ҵɷҵĶŮҵֳҵˣȫҵҰ˾·ǣ͵𣿡


37 ǽ
¦ɽصʧأԲݵĴ֮Զ׼ġϣ೵ĸоӦҴٿξʦϣɫһ
Ӧۼĸ̬ɳ̾һľʦʱ̩Ӧڲû츮Ľ飬Ҳûһ·ţ¦ɽرƣҲΣڵϦȴ֪ʲô⣿
ʱ̩һź룬ѺӶˡʱˣʲôð취ãʱ̩ŻصΪ֮ƣѧ˵ֻǵã
Ӧæֻ˵
ʱ̩Цһѧֻ뽵
һýԾ졢Զ˶Ȼʱ̩ǾʦﲻݰȴǲȻŭİȵԻڣҾģ
Ӧһֹ̧֣˶ѵ⣬˫Ŀؿʱ̩˵թͼƣ
ʱ̩ӦһۣĵΪ˱ȻŭȴһɴݣΪҲϿҵĽ飬ԭֻΪթ
ʱ̩ȻҡҡͷҲ̫СˣթҰʱʹѾûˣ̴ݶϣ͢ǲװֵˣʱ򽵣Ľ֣òϣ
Ӧɫһʱ̩ӲͷƤ˵ȥԢӹ붫ɽӣ
Ӧɷ򲻿һȨҪԢӹ
ʱ̩Ȱ˵ٿɱȫңʱȳ͢ٺʱûлˡ
˵ˣ
Ӧõһӣתۿ죺ΪΣ
ɿʱ̩һۣ뷨ʵʱ̩һµġֽ飬ʱ̩˵˵ʱ̩ӦľʦӦԲĽ飬ȴ׶ɱġ
ͬǴ൱ӦԺڸ׸һ˾ӵԼغӵʱ̩ţӦܽܣôֻ¾Ҫ˼ˡ
뵽ԥһ£Ϊɾݵؼأ򼸳ʤ̣ʱͣ͢͢ʦԶظʱɽҰ֮ĻȿɱȫҲݣԣʵʴȨȴҲ䡣
Ӧó﷢ëŻջĿ⣬ӳԥѾ˳˼ĸҲ뷨ӦЩĻˡ
ʱԶȻվص˶϶¦ɽزʧأʧˣ˶϶һ¦ɽʧأݱذɣǾһĻ𣿡
ӦĿһȻԶȥԶ͢·δγɺΧͦ¦ɽأδҲݿΣΪǵһᣡ
Զߵɳǰóɳָŵλ뿴ҲݾڣݺᣬɽĸСֻҲ
һ·֮ʿЩΪ֪Сصշת·֮䣬ɧšϮѰսֻһ·󵶲µ޵˷϶ҲݣҲδؾͲܷΪʤ
Ӧߵɳǰ˶ӦϸŵΣ˼ԶĻȻϲǺܿ϶Զⷬʱ̫Ҫ϶ˣ˼ãѹǡ
Ӧ˵ͷԶԣδûе
ԶȭԸһ·߮ڳ͢·֮䣬Ѱս
Ӧ̧ƣѹԶļϣãҲ˳תҲݵһ

ˮլ
һ򲻴¶ҲϲµİϼҲסˣҴլȥ̫үүںԺϴƼѮĶӼֻһۣȴδ˵
¦ɽأ󵶸ˣ
үոͣ˶һ˦ȻƹصһҶССӡ
صѾ֪ˣӾãǰҲˣ˵ҰȻ⣬Ҳ޻ȴдĺô
ү΢΢һЦѶʱųôҲ޵úܣĴĺô
үȻһ̾ˣͱЩˣҶССȥأҰϼҵҲˣǸȣûҪš
۾Ƭ̣Ȳѩ̿ܺùʼ֣ˣǾ͡ɣ
ϲǣǶԴΪ棡
үӳͣҲټˣȴӮݹѫô
һүӵдȥɣ
ȻǣǶϰ˧
ۼүָʾתϲ̵ȥˡ


38 
ӦںϣԾɿŲݴ󲿷ֵפ¦ɽص󵶣͵һһվǼҴſڣʱԽ
ҼҴҵһ¥ҲСˣǣ󵶾Ͱҵ¥ӵԼ;Ӫظ˴ܣ˱żڴ˾ΣⲥŻ֮أͷ
󵶿⣬ʵȻ¦ɽ֮ǰһλʱӪկӦȻҪˣҲƲ·ﲻϮЧ
ҶСľڱ󵶵⵶ʹˡݣսսʱҶС졣ҶСɽɵ֧亷ηɴֻ̲һɲľִ£׷ӡ
Ϯ͵ӪػأֻսȵȷҶСɽչһפ¦ɽأȺ·½ڼ䣬ҶСıûгеط񣬶¦ɽɽ֮
Դ¦ɽرƣƷû˼ٶ˼ƣĪȻƷﲻԸʧܣҲӦܴ漣֪뷨ɹϣ̫ãˣݵĽּעϰ˰꽭ɽӦϡ
ûƷľҶСӱࡣûʱҪһսĥ˴ץܽѵͬʱҲפڵĹٱ磬ѧЩսľ顣ɲϣԼıԶֻóɽشս
һգҶСѲıĲݣȻ˴˵Ӣܱȷ沿Ѿִ¦ɽأܱ㵽ҶСԴϲ
ͦפ¦ɽأĿľǵȺ·ϣӢˣ·֮ʦʱӦҲ̫ˣսڼҶСȻ˷ܡ
ҶС뿪ӪȥܱҪһ·ȸʦľ˭һܱĴҶСЦˣȻӢһ·ȸϵǧ˺򸾡˵ܱˮĺܣǡС檷ˡ
ܱ˧ǰԭ¦ɽؽסķʱ˧ʵģ˵˧ʣʵǸǧ˷ϣ׵̸ЦһҶСǧ˴һԾ𣬻ϲصҶ磡
Ҳ֮ҶСǳǳһЦ
ҶС󵶱ȭЦ·ͷ···ԼĻʦص¦ɽءϧֱ¦ɽر·Ӱ˵˵ˣĩƣ벻ȵߣȻʯǧԡ
ǧҶСһޣʱüɫ裬Ҷ仰òͷۣ˵ҪȹϺͣ۶Ӿͽǧô
ûصǧˣӽǧʲô۵ģ
ǧһĺףյصȷʵףòǧ֮ˡ
ҶСǧһ˵ʶؾȥһװӢ˲ƺûʲô̫𡣵ҶСǰͼװʱ˿ϵýСӯһգ񿴣ȴԴЩ
ҶС첻ЦǧˣĪǵáѾУ
ǧ˵󣬵Ȼǧ˺εȱ£˧оҲӣٺ١ˣҽй˵Ǹӣ
ҶСӣĵ¾ŮҽֻǸ
ɷģǰݼܱģֲ˵߱ߡ󵶳ھУԴȴǺ⣬²شֵҶָӣ㲻λ޶ô
ҶСǣĩǰλӸոУ£͸óˡ
ЦҶָ˾ֵͬܣβϼףʹ˶ء
ҶС˶ʱһʯǿǴӺʹĹƾõ˾˼ң밲ȴҲѷǧ˺͵һˣǵãҲڲˡ
뵽ҶСǧˣЩ⶯ǧϲððжŮ޶ǽݽһһŮǾͽΪޡ
󵶸̾ЦýȣСŶҲСϧˣǸ檣ҲȻĻһոȤ
ҶСæС쵱ȴҲһ䡣ݹʲô󽫾ңӢ۱Ȯӣŷ˵ĺӶȻҲǳ͵ġܱ˲ĩʵĻǲһˡ
󵶵ĵܱ󵶱Ҳܱ˫˫˴۹佫ְ׵ıϣ൱ڷֱǹ㶫Ĵ˾ԱֹŵԣҶСӸˡ
󵶴ã͹ݡĴλصĴ˾ټϵһľӪһӴµĻҵϿɾһƬҾﲻФҲٱ긻
ɫˣұӦ㣬Сһٹ˺ӣŮɱٵҷԸһУ޶
˼ͼȴҲһļϣǲֻŵԣֿ˶ԷļԸ仹ǵ˶ԷƷʹ졣
ܶܶ𡢴ǭһԾһɼӴĵط̸ڡ۾طӴĹԴ˵ŵľĳЩר˵ļ򵥡ʡЦɣԴһʱµס


39 ֮
ͦҶС졢ǧ˽ͷʹ˶֮ԼʱȻŵȻûֽ£Ǻεݣ¿ĭǸȻ顣
ȻδȷŮ¶ͬԣҲǽ֮֮ĸȻ׽࣬󵶷Ը±ƣ˺լ
ϯǰǧ˾ɻʰ磬Ҷ磬ССǿɵҵ⹥˺͵һǿɲܸ
Ϊ·ָӣûȥȷٵĻƵָʹ˭˹ٲһݶ
˵ʵǧͨҶСŹϵݹϵҪ˵ԶҶС죬ҶСȷ棬´󹦵ĻᣬҪָԶ裬ԱҶС쿴ȥ
ҶС˼΢һ룬Ƚһ磬ôҲĹͣҡһһ֮
ǧϲû£ң
ҶСɨһۣͦ⣬ͳͳ£ûҷԸԿߣɱ⣡
ھУƵĳ͢죬ɱȲҶС˾ү⣬߸Ụ̊ԴʱһԶ˲ˮ̺ĶǱ͡һܱ˷Ը˳һ׷¡
ҶС쿴ͦǧ˺񣬵ûˣһ㣬Ҫģʱúг
ҶСһʵӪУһֱһŮˡ
ǧָҶС֪Ȼ㲻¼ɩӳԴ𣿡
ҶСһۣǧתص㿴˼ҡ
Цؿɾ檻ȢλˣūҲġ
ǧƼɰЦȴ鲻Խ¡յ֮ƣһмƣرɱƬײϵ
ͦüҶСһǼ£о⣬ӷζŮ̷һ۱һۣȨ֪Ҳˡȴ˵Һô˼ûˣмڱ𴦿ɲҪ𣬷ƫ̻㣬Ҳö
ҶСӣΪΣӭȺֺЦĿ⣬ҶСΣӵôδɹаŮ֮£Ϊһ˾Ҳֻĸˣ̻Ӳȥ˼λٲйŮˣͨѾͷûռһô˶϶Է
ҶСһ硢ܣĲˡҰŮھУʵΪ⣡
ҶСһһصǡӦˣϵĴС㣬Ʒ
мȻ󵶺ǧȻ𾴣񶼵ɴһ˫ۣЩݵͷ磬Ҳ֪Ǻ˵ĹֶθôӦ˶ˡ
ǧһĴȣѽҾ˵ţμĻʱԼ˵λ˺㡭ȻǿѨ磬δţޣޣ
ǱӦƭʧڣΪ˺ӣͼͶģӦҶСһñӣǧʵǿޱȡ
һĴȣֶΣ߯Ҳ޳ܣӦȻսȷЧֻǡΪ˳ܰ͢Ʒı֮ޣϰ㣬Чҳ͢ȻӲ֮
ҶС޿ˣһľư߳ŭˣǰҶС쿴ʲôˣǵȺɫ֮ͽô
ͦɫܣжɫ˭˵ɫˣͷһͬ⣡Ҳض룬飬ǳкη˲ţ
ǧЦ˵ںʱ뻨֪òЩ岻ףҪ˵Уⲻ˵Ҫ˵ɫ
ҶС죬Щ΢΢͸ЩǰҪ˵ˣΪҹϵǿܽܡɻ֪طˡôרŹ˸ɣƽǧٸûѧһë
ҶСŭĿǧˣ˭ģ
ǧ˺ԥؾͰٳˣȥϲʱ˵ġ
ɱģһȥʣҶСݺһ䣬űǶˣ˴ߣǶװףɴӲй֮£
ͦǧ˿ҶС죬һ˵Ҫôܻġ顣ҶСΣֻü͵ӪУԭǵġȻΪ¦ɽأһͲ˷һΣٽһ
ҶС뷨ϸϸ˵һ飬ͦǧ˶һۣԼͬһǴȣúݣҶСĿ⣬Ҳ͸Щ̡
ҶСʵ̲ܲסһƣʼù̫ùܹùù¶ùһãʲô
󵶺ǧͬǼĶˣŮˣĲǸŮˣһһŮҿһϧĺˡ
ҶСŭڣޣҪӾͺǻؾ


40 Ķ
ҶСصԼӪʱ鸡Ѿ߷⡣æǰƷӭƼҶСģھУлơ
ҶС켮߷־⣬нƣ㵱Ҳֻ֪شԼߣԹżˣдϲ£ܱοҡ
ƷĿһϲ£ӢȷȻϵô
ҶСЦôϲ£Ĵϲ£
Ʒ͵ȥΪ׼Ѿ
ƷһֱҶСĥһǰЩӸǴûȣչ˼ݵָ˫˫ܵҪƵεȵزЩʿֻҶСԸܼӴŮ뿪Ҳ˵ݣЩʿõϸֻ˾үɵŮˣдŮˣȻҪСһЩ
ʱƷһ˵˵Ҳҵϱȥ׼ѾƷҶС£ΪĦͷʲôϲ£ôˣ
ҶСص¦ɽؼƣҲͳǵ֮Ҫºͣȴ֪ҪٴۣܱһֱЩԥ߹Ȼ󣬿ʧںˣ
ҶСմմϲ˳ȡһյһڸȥӦϣƺͣѴ֮׹ܱˡܱ
ҶСһָԼǼ⣺Ӧ²һߣĪ
ƷȻһѿڵ˭κô
κǺζֶζӡ󣬷벥ݣ͢䣬ӦӦ⼸ȻѹЩС˾ҲԼϽ˶ĵ̣Ӧ췴ڼϽʹָҪЩĴͲ
ǣκڱӦΪĿ֮󣬱ͬӦһսҵ뽭֮սУӦԶսκȫؾǧˡ
ƳǺִӦһʱͶʬνˮΪ࣬ȫһ׮Ұ
ϼԴ˷ѣһ֧վڳ͢һߣһ֧ȴղܡҶС˵ΪӦƷ뵽ģⱻͶĺκ
ҶС첻мصκκ˫մѪȣǻʵּɱļ֮һήҽٺ٣벻ģ벻
ҶСƷ⻬°ṴһѣЩ٬ʱѾ̷ҶС£ֲ齣ѥӡƷ״˳ȥ
ҶСȻƷﲻ䣬ɾ޸֮˯ɱˣȴҲôѡֻҪ˯£رԸбȻһˣбƷ³ٶһЩҲˡ
ϳڼ飡
ͷƷԽԽǿ־塣Դ¦ɽʧأס͵Ѿˡ˵֪һ½½ٳɺͻԵû£ʱʵҲҪչֻмһЩ۰ˡ
ã׮Σ;ͱסˡҪ£֪˰ϢѸٱӦ֪һҪ֪һҪĸ󻼣
һƷշת࣬ʼ޷˯
ҶСһװԸѵͣ˰ɣȥӭܱ񣬶Ъ죬ܱˣ·ҲͲԶˣչ˺ͣջطͭʡ
磬һԣԻ
ƷһĿĵؿ뿪״ҶС뿪ãƷͻһװҴȥ
оסӪ֮Уߡ
Ʒȥس㶫
оҪʲôȥ
Ʒʱ˵ʲôʻŮ˼õĶҪȥ򣿡
оʲôӦ֮򲻵ã
оͻȻ뵽һˣһЩ֮ﵹǲ㾭֮֡ʱ仹ܻģŮͬʱŮһҪ˯ߣԷҹҪȥҪ˵ȥŮ֮ˣǺܻġ
һƷô˵оʱΪɰΣŵ˾йԸСʵڲΥҪȻ˾үϣ
ƷŭĴͷҡܵȣЩ¶ܵ𣿡
˵Ʒһ˺ƻ˵ĿɰһоΪƷ˾˵Ůˣ֮жֻ֪ЯŮˣҲΪƷŮӣڼԭ
оһ£ˣԴȥʾһϹ١оҴҶȥȥʾϹٲǱˣǻƷɡҶСоʰȫġ
Ʒ΢΢һЦĵ˵Ů˻ĺܣȻõĽڡǹи뿪ֻ·Ūɳ׾ˡ
Ʒ룬ԣ׼ҪսȥȻ̼ҿ⻹ǻзԷ
ȥȴƷһ˵Ʒﲻϲǻ˱װȻߡƷһڴӦΪȡһϣĸͬ¼뿪˴Ӫ


41 ˷Ʒ
һ£ϲģǾŮ˹֡Ůǧģ˱ȻһŮԼõģ־͸ˡ
¦ɽعسǽݵҪŻҵȻ˵Ŀǰս֮УŻѾˣפ¦ɽصǹٱĻ̼Ǿ;øһ㰲ȫϡ
ǲ·յġһٸֻ̼ʮðسֱ̼ҲˡسڵҵЩεķ١
ȻҪ֣ĶȻͲֻǡŮҪáǵ㶫ˣŮ˸ȤĶܶҪһ㣺֬ˮۡͷ桢޵ĲϡһЩͷСԡ
ƷﴩһɫԵͼҷװǶƣһһ߰ĶĸͼҺģľʿšߵһŮƷרŵʱƷվסӣ΢صǵɣҽȥơ
Ҳ֪ҪĶ²ǿſվסˡһ·ǵ֮ı͵ˣټһ·ȴһ̻ҪƣҲû
سڵҵȻ٣Ǵɽеһذ̶ֻɴ˾˶ֹûµĴ꣬Ķǵ̶ƣ·ӻӡ
Ʒ߽ȥһʮĸˣڵķɫƼţЦվƷּŶǸ˵ȾңǱĸ°ġ
һʧɫ濴һֺۣȻƷƷһӣǶ׼ĴˣһŮӣУ롣ҸڣȥߣҴӺߣЩǶĳл
Ʒ̯ƣ¶һЩɢӡǸ˵ͷӣ̧ͷƷŤͷĸĺӣȻһ䡣
ƷεȾʱ֪⸾£ӡƷҲ룬˳ֳһǸСϡ
õЩһӾʹǸˣ̫ǸƺһƼ񣬾Ȼ
ƷֱصͷȥŤͷյҡѾЩˣȥߡ
Ʒ˵꣬˳ץǡסǼǸȥĸĿɢضȶ˽˺棬һ˵ʲôЩˣ
иԶĺӵ£Ѿˡ
ǰ˴ϻֻһĨëȻ̫ףɶˣɶ£
ǰǺӲͷصףǸ֮£㲻
Ƕ׼׷ʣΪɶҪȥߣ
ǰǺӵѲɵѸ㿴
ƷǸ˵˺Ժ֪Щ˼ǰԺͨģһƺ߹ȻиСԺԺŶǰŵġƷؿǸˣǸսսص㡭㲻Ҫɱҡһ¿ͨˣСʵڲЩţ
ƷЦһԣҪ»ӣ
ƷмһͻǸ˵漴šǸŵüһȾܣƷ޺޵һţҲȥ
ǸӽУŤͷһƷӺųȥ˿ܵǰߣѪգأǺӣɵǶʲôǵŮˣѾ
һվѶһӣԺ׷ȥԺͷҲһͨ˴һ󼦷ɹ׷ĲӰˡ
ǸòҴҹ˼˿ڣƿڴ߿һһʱҲˣʹȣȥ䵹ҵҩţȻһǸŤͷһӲվԱߣüӵģɲѾ˵λ
㡭㡭
Ǹ˺˹¡
Ʒ΢΢һЦû뵽ٻɣ
ǸſƷĿһмԥش̽ͣǸ˵ʱĿԲȴҲ˵һ仰ƷǼʹ̽ȥһֱͱʺűʹת˼ȦֱǸ˿ڱȫѪҺԼѪŶݺݵ֣¡
ҶСʱȷʵӭܱĹԱУѾܱϵ󵶴֮ϡܱˣͦȻҪҶСΪͣһʱҲǲ뿪
Աｻ䣬Ʒ˵ߣҶСŤͷعһۣʵˣ
ʿСߣǸ˸һӻأҲŻԺӣͶԺǶ棬׷ɱǾ̵ĸˣھͲ
ҶСƷֶΣҲ΢һ£뵽ݺӡŷ˵оƺҲʲôˡҶСĬһ£Żصװģ׷һǣҪţļ׻ȥɣ


42 ɢ
Ӣܱȸϵ¦ɽ󵶻Ժ·ҲӿоٶȣʱӦȡĲ̫أΪ˱߲ͣоԸ·Ч
ǣʮգ·֧¦ɽػϣһʱƴʢ̵Ļʦʦ֮Ѹϵ¦ɽأֵõҶС첿ǧ˲Ϊȷ棬ǯ״ݸĽ·ֱΪ·ȷ沿ӲӦ
ǱܹվʵĴ¥ɽɽǧһ·غ齭ʽһ·ҶСְˮһ߽ӽ··ȷ滹дεģǧһ·ߵߣҶСĲӦ
һգҶСоְʩկǰ̽Ȼرü̶һ֧ݱҶСԸоٶȣ䱸ǰУ̽˽
ƷΪȷ֮ȷ棬ǧǰü̶СĿ£ͼҳ֧оҪ֪һ·ǰУĿĵǺͣⲿһ֧оʱɧţصӰ졣
ҶС͵פ֯ڶأͬʱ˿о󵶱ѶĿǰڵռʢɵȴС
ҶС͵ӪկþбȻһ֧˵ѽͣҪ˵֮Ϥ˭ҲȲòݱص֧ǰ¶ٵıȻտƷɵĲ֮󣬴СֱӴ嵽ҶСоǰ
ҶСʧɫǰݼɱܣ඼˵κ͵˸䲻⣬ʤ⣬ѲɽҪɿݣҶС½һĹ£Ҵ֯
ֵǣ֮вδдʱĻҽͻأֺ󣬾Ȼԭͣ£Ҳڳ˷ơ
ҶСɺ㲻Ƚȴͼƽ˭Ī幫תҲ̫˰ɣ
ʱԷѻ˸ţӪԼҶСǸԶƼԷһִ졣ҶСִ㲥һЩԵͼԷӪһ˸һһ죬ҡҡ߹
ףҪ̸ҪͶ
ҶС־棬ϽԸĪҪżǹ
ʵԷҪ棬һӣλʹűȽû⣬һҼȡԾȻ˰졣
ӭչҡҡľ͸лᦶ࣬ˡҶСۼԷʮһˣͻӪҲǰ첻ģŷ˽ģþʿһ·ǵоԼ
˸ĵҶСľб㱻ֹסˣֻ̼˺ˣǵо
ҶСʱŪ˸𵶵ưȻصʹμ۶һۡλʹ˽ǰԶһ˱ߺһС֣Υ
Ү˭ҳֵܣ
ҶСĿһƣһӾվ
Զ
Ҳ۵εĹĶǣҲ۵˭뺦˭Զ绨ұڹģԶȻǱұڹһġҶСԶ治˼˼ӡ
ԶǵظϵҶСǰһס֣鼤ԱҶС߻֪ѾѹЯֻǼǿ˽䱸δֹ
ԶһסҶС֣ҡҡص峿֣СĴκɼСһֱ˼ѰӦĿƣͶϧһֱûᡣֱŻ룬С߮ңԴڡ
Զһڵȵǣ
ԶͶϵģ
ҶСһԶ⣬ɴϲ漴ȴϧϧˣԶҪٴһЩȻͶϣίߣ뿪ֻͣǲ磬ʱӦϣֿɵãϧϧ
ϧԶĻû־ҶС첻֪ǣʵԶλЩ죬лֱͶֻıðˡ
Ҫ֪ǡýһɲʲô͡նнȫ⹦;ʹˣѱĸĵɳҶС죬֮Ϊѣ֪ҶСΪˣ£ҶСɲ
ЩӵܣζڵҶС졣¦ɽأ¦ɽȥҶС¦ɽɽǰӪأðա
ԶĵǱͲʮֵشԴ̳˼ҵ˾ļլ檣ʹƣ͸ˡ
ҶСϧԶװ˷һĴûᣬתһ룬ԶͶ¶ֻҪһõġ»ؾʿͬʱǿǰƵЧ
뵽ҶСҲЦݣԶԶ󷴸꣬壬οҶĳϱܱΪӷ硢칦


43 ڼ
Զ壬Ļ͢ͶϣӦ롣
ǳ͢Ҫݡ
Զˣ̰١ú
ǺͷѶķӦ
Ϊ֤ԶúӦɳȥ˾ĵ̽гͷԱ
ϧˣԶ˸ںھͶ֮ǰֻԼĸ͵͵Щֵܡ岮һҲûߣЩȫڹ
ʱӦͬһ۵ĶͽʱԺμһֻ߽⣬ܺζܵʵǶı޵ģɿ˺ζֶκԼսϣʱȴûĶԼҲͬĴˡҪɱ¾¸·󽫣ǲġ
ԣԶЩ岮ֵܲϵģԸԶޣӦǰԼɱ˸Ѫɺӡ
ԶӪлϤ£һТѪӦıСصԼʣȴ̲סϱӣ͵Ц˰졣ɱɣɱ˲źãʦƽ֮Щϵ̣ɶһˡ
ʱƷѾ뿪¦ɽأӦĿ
Ʒ䲻䣬ȴϸߣʵǸС̷˼СǸΪգʱЪҵȣǡõڻƷ˼Ҳһ뿪ʱѾһССɫڵĺӡ
ƷﵹװһЩ򵥵ǰ绹׵ģͷٴһңϲ˹ң˾üЩϸҲ߹ȥˡ
¦ɽشʱ룬ֻǶĴ̲ϣͬʱ̶ӼǰУʵУֻ¦ɽ⣬ҲɢԱҪԭ򣬲Ȼǰ˭
һƷ˳˹أ¦ɽǰ·أһĹؿһһؿأ
ʵ£Ʒ˳뿪¦ɽأ͸ûҶСͼˡʧ٣ҶСвѲĵڣһֱ֪ҶСھУһص¡
ȻˣˣҶСδظšһſвŮˣһ׮ŮӦˣ췴Ҫı֮һȴˣǴһ׮
ƷŲҶСͷѱ͢ڳ͢ʤڼҶСԷռúôʱ򡣶Ǳӳصʱ򣬷ȺЩģﶫƺѰʲôˣ͸֤ʵ뷨
ˣҲðأһ¦ɽؾӣҰ·
Ұ·ȻûûݵΣգߣȴҲôɡƷﲻᲶʱ߳ɽڼҲɽȪҰǿ
ò׳ɽųԵһٱɽҲʲôǴ󸷣ֻһС򡣲ֵطֻҪǮŪԵĻ׵ģƷＱڸϻغͣϳ˶ٱЩֻǮ¿Ӵϱ뿪ˡ
һ·Ϊٱ벥ݱ̣ɽ·˵˾ˣȻĻһŮӣֲЩ򣬺ǲ롣
գһҸӣͬʱ˴ҲǲݾǰˣȻֻһЩ߲ĵСĿҲ峯͢һǼٰ̾ͶǼһ˵
ڳ͢δ˴Ӧ֮£֮ǰϼ屻Ѫ¾ѪʵְƷ֮󣬵СĿǲһĵġ
Ψһģϰλ̹ߡ
Ʒص˺͡
ϣӦһֱãľѹնڱ֮С
һֱӦԼ۲ŴԣΪһڹ˾г෴ͣġ
ȴδǲϵļȴµĻҵǺεȵۺɣֻΪӵۺĸεӢ
ĴУ֮󣬷âμ֮ϣҵİ䲻Ĺͣâμ֮ϣʵͲŸѾԽμҡ
̵ֱ˺ͣһ˼ʤ̣ΪȻġ۲ŴԣӢⶼӦ֮¡ʮ׼ԭȴû뵽ӭȴغ͡
ʱԶıѣݺݵͱһΪǵһ󹫿ѵˡ֮ǰĺζˣϾ֮ǰģΪɱӡϣЩϹϵСԶȴһַţ
ʱΪƷˡ
ӦѶϲɽӭӣȴƷɽϸһ鶸ת֮µĻϢڼ飡


44 ˭ڼ
ڼ飿
Ӧɫʱ
ʵԶӵϢ֮ӦѾĻЧ£Żϼʧȥǵش¾˵ô͢Ը΢״̬£εƷ׿˵ϢɻԵš
˭
Ӧҧ˫Ѿ߬סͽĺ
Ʒҡҡͷû˵ֻǡ
Ʒһ£˵գӢȷǧˡ
˵ƷɿؿӦһۣΪӦǧ˵ĸףδػΪַӦļȷ棬෴ΪҵĹϵ͢÷ֱңǽδؾһˡ
ƷΪӢȷǧ˸ϵ¦ɽأҶСΪӷϴ顣֮Σ˵ܡ˵дΪӦƺ練ƣ
ӦԽɫԽƷ뵽һ£ˣ˵Ǿ벻˭
Ӧɫˡ
벻ˡ
Ӧ΢΢۾ŵ˼˼ͶЧ͢ҴӦӦϣȻִϮżƻʵζŻͶеԶǻ˭һӦϣ;زסô£ȻҪְˣұͳ󽫣Ǿ벻˭ôȻҼεˣֵļҳϵˣ
һܣҵӦһ˭ѣҲᣡ
ҲᣡҵİܣҵĴҵ˳͢Ҳȡó͢Σȡ
죿᲻ᣡĹǰϴζ壬ޡˣպζ
κ潵˳͢Ͷǡ˽Ӧ뽭֮սҶ£ȫǣ˫մŽյѪŭּκΪܽıɱ֮ʵ۽ԣ
ԼĸϸһȦӦ˻һҲδزܰȻվһߣͭȴվҶСһߣ˵ҶСͶұѾ˼ݽҴͭҽɣΪ͢ңΪͼıҲݣ͢ѵĲڽԣһôҶСûҪŴƷȰƷһͶˡ
ͷֵҲס󸻹ٻֻסһôͶУδزܰ
졭ͬɣͬҲɡζȻǣҪվ޷ڳֻ͢Ҫ͢׷𣬴Ӵ˰ڳ¼֮أΡζΣ
κ뽭ȫǣٹޣѱ⡣Ȼζڳ͢һߣͶˡ
ӦһȦطֵ֣Ĵܼҳ챾εˣǷб¼ɵɡϺͱƴĺκΪɿ
Ӧ˼ãƣһӯ毺õŮ˽Ӧʿľʡ
Ӧ֣Ҷͳ죡κ쳣ٶϱ֪
ʿͷӰһƮ˳ȥ˵ֻ֪ӣʡʿʱѡľǾԷҳϵĳ˵Ѿ࣬ǽһ̨ˡ
Ʒ￴ЩƣıӰ㻳죿
Ӧƣüģ󡣡
Ʒ˵ͷ
ӦعͷƷݣ°ͼ⣬ϧصܿˣࡣ
Ʒǰס֣˵ģҷޣô⡣
ӦһЦҪʼҶСӪܿ࣬Ȼ뵽ղ˵ҶС飬ʱҶС֮ŪĻкһ
Ϊɫ֮ýҶСΪδƷߣƷɫˣ֣Ǹ˾ܿҶСôãǿȡ֮²᲻ᡭ
ƷðӳǧŸϻʵʲֻҼʳΣƷԷ޲־ͬϵ֪˶йͬĺӣƷǾԵΡ
ƷᱳƷƣίҶС̹Ҳ޷Ʒ߼ˡڴʱ˿̣ľģжĶռҲȲϴʱĭС
ԣߣӦְѻȥ
ƷεȾ仯ֹ飬Ͳµ롣뵽ԼҶСİٰջҶСܼرģֻͬ齣࣬ϱ΢΢һ̣ɫȴ糣˵๫ˡҶС˽²棬޿ޣ
ҶС仰һж档ĺֵܴͻƷɶԹϵϵĲƷУ˽ѽ
ƷȻһЦֵ˵ҵݣҿϴҪô
ӦһҲǣƷ׵ŮˣҶСǰƽʱʲôϸǿɾͰһжˡ͢һϤϢѶΡ
ӦʱȻԼȻĵӲ˻ɣģ㽫ӵ뻳УǸƷҴˡӦһڼֱʱ̣֪ΨһֵҸŮӡ
ӵһ𣬴һ˫һӰҷĺóó


45 
Ӧ߷ԸȥרڲӦԺܿ콫Ƽµĳ͢ʱĺͣѲϴ¦ɽذֹţǰվѹ¦ɽһոƣ¦ɽأȴǴذΧ֮£ֶܼã
ӦЧʻǺܸߵģйͳϢ½͵Ӧϣ
Ժƾơ
ӦȻһЦС󣡡
ǰС檣ʮСѾͷ
Ӧ΢Աģ
ټĸ¡
ӦǾЩô
֮ɽɰ졣ȴԼӻ֮Уͳɽ
Ӧɫʱںδͳͳץ
ֹգӦõϢȷ沿ǧˡѾǣϴ···ȷҵѸϵ֮ϡͬʱҶС첿͵ĶҲڽǧγ֮ơ
ҶСһ·ֻԼıҶСнˣԽԽ٣ҶСȴһߴһļսľӷ׳󣩣һ·ʵǵǧ·֮ϡ
ӦƣӦϢټĸҪݾǹľơԺ͵δôδ鵽ʲôٶֻЩ
Ӧ˲˿ʲôٶһҪɱġɲΣİܣɱֵͬܣǲ̫ġ
漴йسϢҲٴȥ߶Ѳְ֮һŮĲҷɽ
ӦȻŭȥץ߿˳죬ǱץסĲҷ˺ŮӦδʣ׷̽ӻرѾĻ£˼ϡ׷֮£ǵټʧǰȥϣ׷飬Ҫԭʱ̫á
Ӧʱŭͷ𣬶򵨱İɽȥľѼڳϣ϶˳Ǹڼ顣
챻ɫҰܣɥһӦ߲һ͹ڵأ֪ˣ¶㡢ҳϲķݶϣˡһΡ
ӦһŽ߷ڵأŭЦҳϲ˽ͨ͢Ϊ˱סԼҵǰ̣ϧ١˵ҳϲ
ȻӦͻȻһ˿֮ɫȻ׹ΪӦڰź£Լĺ͵͵ͳͣȴû뵽ӦȻΪͶ˳͢ǰһ׮ֻǳ˽ģһ׮ȴǲˡ
ֽеγԣֻһʱͿ̼ʯ٣˽ͳɽȥʶ֪֮һȻҪ빲ģб
ӦЦһ죬ɱڣһƭңѶŮһһͳɽȥֻΪ¼ұһѪٺ٣ֻҪٸ㼸칦ĶҲᱻ˰ɣ
ʱĳӺʹҲ˴һֵܡ檣һαͳɽȥĲҷ˺СŮһһ˽
ۼȫұץĵ㺮߰ѽǳӴӣͶ˵ƣҪһΪЧңδ뿪͡
ĳӺʹӵͷ絷⣺ǰҸȷôǵġ
ӦصǵȻô˵ˡ
켱ˣԣʵ
Ӧſָսһ罫γصĸƤĳɱ治ƶҼ顣ȻĹԸΪҶھ֤Ұɣ
Ӧһӣһˮһһ檱סʺؾֿӦָѪ̲סӿ
һʬ߲һڳСŮĸײŵ۵һصĶ޶ġ޶ţ
ӦΪгֻʱһСŮ𣺡
Ӧһ٣ȥͼһ߰ݡüĿ续СŮ첽ܽһһεƷСŮĸףӦ߷
СӦСŮӦһЦŮʲô
ĹĵضӦҵĺѣҪɱﰡ
ӦѪܵĳ֪İͰң㣬ոձͳء֪ҪʲôҪɱɱҪҲɱ
˻ûУûУûа
ǸСŮҲصҵҺ뿪˵һ̫СҪɽû˵ҪԲĻ
˻׿ӦӦ΢ЦſŮŰĻǵĻ
Ӧֿ㣬
Ӧϣ˭ܺ㣬ΨĵκλرҲҪ㡢㣬˵˭ĵЩ˺㣬˵㻹òñӻ
뿴ǵһУľһˣǱ˵ɿٻɿԴÿ·óԵʳĵʱأ
˵ţ¶ŭı顣
ӦŮ£ѽԼĴס֣ӣӦŮѰ˼ҵŮӣҪǵãǲͬѰġ𣬴ǴǣҪһѰӻҪֱҪ
Ӧˮһۣ䣺ǱѵңǵĴˡѣɱɱ
ССӲһ£Ťͷ׹۵СȴսǿڽӦŮ֣еĽ׼ССӡ
ҪǺѰ㲻Ҫɱң
㾪ֵؽҪĴļϣá

ؽУϾһĺӣµر۾߬Ž֣ȴʼղɿĸţ㣬ݺݵͱȥ
Ӧ
һƵĲҽУ˫ĿѪɸƵĶӦû԰ɥĹҳҲŹġ
ӦչһЦ˶ֻҵһѵҾͻ㣿
㶵ŮȡسָĴӣ΢ЦʵۿȫһһԼǰʲôоģһı˭ңұ֤


46 ջļ
ıɱԶӣʹӰ
һ򣬳ݵλ൱ڲݹԺڸ׸󳼣࣬ԶԶܼݸΪ߹󣬴ĳӰȻҲвͬ
򣬳Զ٣Լĵ̺Ͳǳ˾ĵˣԶֻ˾Ӧǰóһδһͳϣϼ
ԶӣŶˡ챻ɱŲȴҪһϴУִ⹫˽󻯣ֵΣ
ҶСڼٰҶСڼ䣬ҲţһδϴǴδϴıֶͬδϴĶΪ½롱ţˣЩ˸ǳԭһӵġϳǡüҲʹţľѸȶ
ɺǸʲô棿дѹƣǰԶӣĻ̡̻ʱ챻ɱ䲿⵽ϴԺʹʵƽӦʱҲ˲ȥƽϢڲ˲ɧˡΪǧ˱٣ڻ·ѾѸٿε˺¡
ϼҪԱɽϣԴԶӣӦŴ󽫱ǵ׵ϵȫɽЩһ©رӦɵˡ
ϼڸɵϵɽɳ˾غȴûɽģǵĵȻҲ˴ڻϤ켰ոӵȫɱؼ԰ĳӵܶ˵ûֱӴկŽ˳͢
ˮˮ̶ҶС̶ԶԶıҲձൽԼ£־ﱼˮĦȭƵһȴ¼ӵֱӿ˳ţͶˡ
ǣҶСѪУռˮ
ҶСϲԸֻӦĹУѸ˼ĸʯͯѰ˾ΪСȴӦʩԶͳϼƵԼһߡ
Լ̶죬ΪҶСеʯ䡣¼أˮԼҵ̶һͰͭʡʯ䡢졢̶ˮһߡ
ߵ·ĶǰࡢƽҶС챾׼Ҫе
ν˼֮ˣֵżȻȻ֯һ𣬱ֿܵķչЩܵʱ򣬳ǺõĽ
ĳɷݣûһЩļ˺˵Ǿͺٻ˵עˡ
ԶζŻͶУΪרҪҶСϵڱ˶ԣҶСˡԶԣΪҶСʹ˽ҶСΪƷԣҶСɱð
ٱʱĳϼ壬ǼȿͶˮϱߵǧˣҲͶ򶫱ϹҶС죬˵ľӴʱˮľࡣΪʲôѡҶС죿
ûԶͶҶС첢ܵ˹ĴԭûҶСҶСϺʱʱ¼ҵĸйһ֮ԵһȹƵԭûӦǧ˵ĸףǧ˶ԲݺĿǣ
Щеģڱ˶ԣȴδػῼǵǻ᱾ܵ϶ҶСˡһ϶ҶСдˣôô
û˾Լб춷ӵ˶ܣϣԼܺд˼վһ߶ǣԶͳϼʱĸ˳¶ҶСŷˣڹһЩ٣Ҳ׼ͶЧĿҶСϡǿʼӹעҶСһһ˼ǷǰͶЧ
ҶСȴҲܻˣȻֲֻࡢƽأˮ̶˾ҲпԼеʱ򣬶Զͳ¶͸Ǵϱˡ
ǧǣͼǸܷ׷οԶͳ¶һѿݹǣλһݷġױҶСⷬݣѰӡѰ³·˵һ
ʱ෽ڬBúչҵѳ԰ల˾չ˽ǹĽȲ죬ΪӪѹһʩڰϵġΪţӡױţѾǷֱ͵˰ϴСǵϡ
ʵأдһţӡˢǧݣ¥Ϸͷǣϼǵİռüڴѹ£԰֮ͬ˵ĺŻ
ǧ˿ûҶСôˣǣǺܷһۣӲشġǰצڣһأôצ͵ĺ߶ڣ߶ںǺƶڣƶڵĺǺڣվͣԳѷԽ֮ء
ѡ˲ͬ·ҶС̤ջ֮·ʱϵܵùնһ·ȥ


47 һ
צڣǧ˴ޱȡ
Զս칦צڣʿƣڴʱҵѸϵԽǳһӵι
ʱӰҵ찲˹ҶһӹݷƲݵһֻ·ڰ·ֻռķ֮һμӵ·
챾ʹˮľ񣬸һ룬ȷٵĻڽ֮ϼ踡ţʮնɹأˮռϪׯ
ľʹ󲿷ֶǺģǳĿԵġɱȻɱ⣬ټϰҲһԼӵܣ԰Ϫׯ⴦ԴΪӦҰĺͰұɢΪ׵ء
μһֱעŰҵĶҳ֮ʣμҲ쵶˹ݷ·ӧΪȷ档
ʵʵеģֻҪԸ⣬ٶȣһ֧Ҷ֯ĳ͢ӵӴӡǧңѳɣȡıҶСĹעһͲࡣ
ǳʱųҶõľЭͬѣ޹й밲ҵĹ裬һ㼴԰ҵ֮۲ŴԣȴҲܱ⡣
˵ļ룬Լܳٱ塣ȷ̬վڳ͢һˣ˾ʲôӰ֪
ӹڲӦС˾Ϊǵļ룬ĸǻɢ޶־ԡЩ˾֮ɹŵǧ꣬Щ׷ݵݹϵʱȻóˡ
ǰս´ûȣ˾ȴʹϣġġǢġ׼ĵģսϴһģ˽ﶼƵŽӴ
ƽ˾ۼΣҲòԼδˣƽ˾λڲݵ϶ˣˮμҽӴͼΪƵʱȻͶμҡ
ֻμͶսȽʱûɽƽ˾ոȥμҽǢڬBþʹ
ڬBһ԰ల˾ʵ֣һݽйȻԳϵͭϱϾǹͬȣ᧿ΣʱһͳǵţĹؼء
ۼƷһϵϵںϣҴıӲȻᱻСŮĨɱذӵܰ˳
λڣ۱游Ѳ£ֵ˷ǳʱ̣ϼӵܼȲӦͬھֲҳеѡȨֻðλ˼̧˳˵
ͷˣҲһӦܾطʱƷ˶㣬ϣӦ鸽ţ룬һڬBñռ˰࣬ƽ˾ˡ
ڬBƽ˾ϵһλʹţɳģһλʹ߻û԰ϵһ˵͡
ţʦƽصĽ֮أƵ׼ƽ˾ȻͶˮμңϧǱ߽һʱö֪ҶСʹȴѾˡ
ҰѾҶС죬ҶСѾΪԶƣһ㲻ܲ迼ǡټϰƽ˾Ҳ׹ϵаɳ˵ͿĵȰ˵ƽ˾ˮμҵ˴׵ػŶԼμҵʹ˳ظϻʱڬBѾڻల˾ţƽ˾ʽǩЭ飬ƽ˾ϼţ¡
鷢չ˳ڷȡڵһڬBȡʯ丮ͯϣȰϣнƽϣһǰΧĲ˾ϿɾͲ˻š
ˮϲûʲôϵʼ汾Ԫʱ·ܹξӻ죬ѧβʹٺ䳤տʼϮƽ˾ʹʮ˾ߡºʮͷ
ۼ졢̶ˮҶСռ죬İࡢƽҲͶڬBãĲѡͶţΨһĳ·
ˣҶС쳬񣬲ԭƻ֮еİࡢƽУջ졢̶ˮأռ˲ݵİڽɽ
˰֪㣡̫̰ĵĻҪģ
ҶСűöԻƷ˵Դ¦ɽأӲ̣Աذ˱ȥϬBý졢̶ˮࡢƽҴǰͣʦһս
Ʒʵôˣ
ҶСһ룬ǧϵܴǧˣսֻʣǧ˰ɣţ룬ɱȲʯұǮۺҾǧ˰ɣھڶ
Ʒɻһ£ǳ׿˼ϣ̺ͲʯС˰ɣּ졢̶ˮࡢƽѾԭĲˣһҶ˵ȲʯұǮۺҲүһ׻㣡


48 ս
ҶСԭӵһǧ䣬ʵڸϵͶʱܱѾΪսսˡһ֧Ӵľ˵߾ߣֻǧˣǺðյġ
ҶС츺ǶߣѾҶСȫѾԲˡ
ңڱ¦ɽ֮ǰҶСѾ󵶴кԽݶߣ
ҶС뽭¦ɽأ󹦣ĴΨһһ֧ԹݵԮΪ;ɶȴҪҲ̫Լ
οҶС첻ǰޣ󵶻˼еĹϵʹˮһֶ࣬âʢҶСʱ˳νˣûκһ·ͳ˧ָժʶȤԼ
ҶСһְ硢裬Ӷõˣ׬ټıˡº޴ÿÿƵ˶˵޴⣬ʵҴĻ⣡ЩֶΣ̨̣
ҶС˳˳ˮؽ˶ߣ׬ŵ÷ƨͣ橵ظڡʱ߶ڡƶڣ¡
ҶСһǰʱѾע⵽ˮλ½£ʱ֪ͦûפڵɽڣǷֱפڱµצڡ߶ںͺƶڣһƾһ־սӡ
ҶСʱϵϸȥͱפĺƶڡ뺣˳ʱ򣬸ߺɽ϶һ߾ģҪɽȥȴ졣
·ѵͦٿ˸ս顣ܱվͣѶɣԳʣԹ
ͦü˼ãصȡ
ܱΧľɽأ
ǴڵصģٵΡͦڹ㶫ʱǼѣû˵ֻǰһۣΪãص٣˵㼸˼
ҶСΪ͵٣ԼȡӦΪݵһ˾ϵʳֻ³ʮ궼ԲꡣɽȪˮأǿֵءĻ
һ죬ڨڨصԭˣȻҲǾˡ
ͦ˼ã棬ܱѰǿ޽ջʵɽϵ··
ͦվ𣬳йڣ·һһ·սɽؾƬЪϢ
ǧȻôӦͻΧô죿
ͦһۣһЦһͻΧһ뿪ڣ֮ȥ

䣡
һٶʮŻڣεڷ
󵶼ϸ·ĴڣİţɽǰխŲҲ֣˲ͣЪҲЪԳս״Ӧ
խĵƣݲ¶ʮҪֵ߰ľפǰڣսľפںɽ⣬ֻӲںϿڻ
ϣÿһվǶӦͳ鴤һ¡ԸϣҲ֪ܾѶҲܷתˡ
ƷվߣĬĬؿɽһ֪ǲǻҩѬģ۾ҲЩˡ
һʱεģǹӦǿǻذɣ
ƷûжǸþǵʱ䡣
Ӧվס˽ŲƷ
ƷÿһգĶӣϵþˣ͢ԲҲó
ӦȻԣɽŶϣÿһհؾֻսɺ˰벽ɽҪޱȣҵҪö
ƷȻӦõģȴҲЩֶΡ
Ӧɻص˼ǣ
Ʒթթ̶ϮӪƣ֮ʤңҲˡ
Ӧ˼һ󣬻ͷʹã
ɽһȪ٣ɫһƥصҽϿȡھ֮ϣһЩͷôұڣָϸһջľ塣
ִܱͷǸƵʯڣ׶ҶСҶˣ㰡ɽ̫վԮҪĳֻÿնˤɽǵıʿ
ҶСЦܱˣΪңηֱ˴ˡοܱʵ¿׿СҲʽء뽫սʤ֮
ܱĵĻ죬һҶСļ򣬵˳˵ǭط˾Ŀڶʵϴ϶ӲҵٷСȴǵ˴ͬҺϲѣĳˣ
˵ţһУξҴϲɫصܱˣϢӦԾˣͶ˽ģ


49 ѹǳ
һƷױдĽ飬ϱ߸ŲοʹӦĴӡƷ˽ӡʾŴ˷ӡѾƷա
ϱӦۼѹ𣬾ԾƷһŮӣԿ͢뽵žеӦٱѶȻҪ࣬ҪҪϺ˵ȫ
ܱЦӦˣ¿ʡӺôֵǣôջˣҪ˰ѽȥ󵶣
ҶСӦԾܱˣԿ²ţ
ӢһһۣҶѵթõӦδƷﲻҪ˶ãչ򣬾͵¶ڶ
ҶСǿδأܱȨӦƷͶôûУҪ̸͵Ϣս鱨츮ܶܶȨıߵôҲûУⰸӾ͵ٱϳ͢һһء룬͢ҪķѶǮڼ䣬ֻ֪кα仯
ܱɫһ䣬
ҶСǼӦڴʱԾģӦǲƺӲĵֻһ˿ãϣҲķô̩ܺɽԾء
һƶϣԽ˼·ԽҶСң㿴ʱѾĺɫãһͺˡŽͲܱǶˣΪƷ˽飬ȴи˾ɱҹ͵Ϯ
ܱȻһšüҿңЩĶ񵱣
Ӣǰȵʹأ
УξŻŶ
ܱЦһŶնӽɽιǣ
ҶС΢΢üܱˣսնʹ
ܱһ棬֮ҲΪȥնˣ˵ս˺һŷ顣
ҶС⼱ƢҲˣȻҶС϶ӦԾܱ
ӢΪȻܶͣܽѵˣһŵĶѣûʲô¶
ܱҶС죬ֻһϾľϡֻǶ˶δϵƷﾹǰںڣһʹͬһš
ӢҶСѣûϵֻ˲һʱͺˣӢ߷ǿ˷ɽȴ档
յƷĽϲձҪ˰ѽݱ󵶡ʱĺɫãɽҹɫĿ죬ҹ֮иɽ·̫Σգֻþš

ȴ룬Ʒǰɽûлţɽȴ˻ţҹ㰲һ·׺ɽͼ͵Ӫ
ҿһλսϽȻϲãҲȷʵ˾裬ǱҪķʩȴûм١ľӪΧ˲ľĺͬʱһǽ
ҹ׼ҹϮӪضȹˣԾǽȴû̫õİ취ȻУǾӪ̷ֻ취ӵһȥ
ͶʱȻСģɾʵڲöԸһСľ͹γ·˼ӪһѲҹʿżȻ˾ǽĻζΪסʲô˳ؾһҰζʣȴһٻս𹦣СΪʱ˲ݱҹϮıֱΪٻһȥһҽУ͵Ϯʹع⡣
ǣƷĻֻ֮ʱ伴ʧܡһ磬һ亹߳ŭǰ滻׼սһֶ֧Ժڿըһ졣
ǰڵӢõǱߵ鱨֮֮ҲǸӷŭӿջжջףҪͬնȻʱʱԸϮŵǱ˵ӢȴҲǼӿ˽ȡ˶óĽ£ڵ䣬¡
ϣûյƽͰÿﶼĪķ꣬Ǹо޾ƣ󵶸·ɽһղɽֻһãԭǣɽÿһ˶֪Ŭͽ͵ġ
ӦɽƺѾӵ˼㣬Ƭ̰ɵáˣ¶ûһǿ˿ĵġ
û˵ʱеһףܵȾҲֻнͻ̿֡ɽΪ԰ֱʴòˣ˿ȴֻ⺣
û⺣ڣ˿Ѿ֮ڣȴδҪȵ


50 ǧ̣֮һѨ
ϣݶ͵ɽƣþ޴ʯܦ̨̨ǡһֳǣŵȵܵĳǷʩڳڼأҪصסȴȡڱʿսľġ֪ذܵ£Щĸ־
󵶵ĳսǲϴݻؾ־һ̣ںˮϵʴ£ҲҪһ㱻ɣҲϵɹĳ̣ϧʱĺѾûһ㡣־塢ġǷϡɥһѰϣڲϵؿǵķ
µÿղϣźɱϣɽǣƵɽϵؾʢ֡
вȣĩȻ콵꣬ĽһѡвٽȰ˵ս󵶲Ϊֻöɽ
ɽҰݳƬˮһҲûʲô˫̤ȥȴܿͲȳʪŢףսʿһšǳһŵУȴҲ˹ǡ
󵶱֮ԹǣȻ빥Ǳδչּ̬ȴؾѶҡķαˣ˭׳͢ĴϧһдۣҲȡڡ
գյĴȻͣסס磬һֺԾȻա
һǡֵ󵶱ɽҶСΪУҲǰɽƹΪվƼ磬һֺյգҶСȻһ
ҶС첢ιǷӦս֮УС˵ԣϾ̫š˽ҵ󵶣̽磬С˵ԴˮһǳأԴ֮ʹǽѡ⺣ڵҪ߸ϣôˮ֮ǺѵģһĴ꣬ɽ㶼ʪ͸ˣˮЧҲ࣬ȴ֪
۷Ź⣬ϲȷôһӡֻõõĻ᲻࣬Ҿˣ죡ţ
ϷԸȥͬʱжͽľ֦ҶŶҷǽϡ㼸ֻϰľмһ칦Ҳܰ˳׳۵һľмѣοǼʿ
ɽ¶ľϣΧԲʮＸһգȼΪľҲʪģҪͲŵȼǹŨ̳ɽȥѬɽؾ޴أֻ˹ؿӵĵط
Ũ֮ǳĴΪɽؾѾӿԷĴ󵨵нӲ񣬻ܣԼҹһֱյ硣
ʱһλܱʱ׼󵶣󵶺ҶСվɽ£ҶСɵؿڽұڵĵγǽȻʯڣӣղ˰ɣ
˵Ҳɣ߸ո˵꣬һ죬ڳƬʯ϶Ȼѿһӣɽ϶˴ʯͷɽǽ°ξȻγɵұڡ
ұһѣǾ޴ʱϰ˹ݳɵɽǽ˺ѿʯͷȻ£ҿ±ߵĴ˿˶ҪԶԶܿˡ
λܱ˵龰ϲԼصĴ󵶣ֵǣҵڽգ尡尡˵Ҳܱˣɵؾͳȥ
ɽ϶һӾ룬϶͸ˣϱһɽǽ׻ٻɽʯ£˴𣬿ԭ޿ʵǵıɽǽʱȴҲһʯ¡
ʿ䣬Ŵ󵶾ͳȥʿҲ֮ź棬׷ͷ
ǰͦλܱ۾ˣ̵ģֵӹ˰Ƴǵһ󵶺˼ţţɽɽɽţ
λܱһɽȥˣۼ󵶵˵̵ĺˮһӿɽȥʵڰ಻סˣ߼ʮױҲ͵ϱȥ
ҶСҲǺսӣ׷׿ҶС졣ҶСȣӲΣǽ֮¡
ʱɥҶС״ĿֵΣǽѾˣҲǾӣҲϣ
ϲ໽ŴӵҶСǱ̮ɽǽϳȥ
գǸơ
ؾͼصڶذȴؾҼأսڵһϣҲ˰벽Σֻ÷ˣͼѾʧݵǡ
һսһߣһеͶڵһأǣ֮֡
ǰɽջܱ˵ɽƹأץӸһܣͰĹͰϧȫɣ
ܱ޺޵˼ûƨ۶ɼջ˵һأ˳˵ڶأδֹͣջ߾͵üɡ
ǲʧʧݣʧݵĲһǣɽؾĶ־ƷǿȴβסľǣҲö
֪
Ӧտնģ·ԺңԶĵطͳطԸ˼䣬㷵ȥ
ӦıⱻˣƬ̹ʹ˴ӱ̧ʮڴصǰһһ򿪣ӲӵԪ
Ӧļʿǣ


51 Ҳֻ̰Ҫһ
ʧݣٱҺվס˽šðǸϳȥǣ
ӦԴӵǰĴСͷĿǸߺţߵʮǰ˭ļʿΪҶǣʮͶģ
ǰһƬţֻɽ
Ʋģʮڴӣ˭ûоҲŽǮǣ֪֮Ҫѵ󵶲֪ǿ󵶰
ʮǿڴ󵶣ûһ֮УĴ󵶣ǱϣǺڤڤ֪ȥ򣬴ǣڻڰȻҲһ󵶹ɽҵĽֻǲ±ȱһ̣ҲûԸ⵱ȷ档
ۼͷĿһԲӦȻŭôһĳ𣿡
κǣȻɱȫңӦŭʼֱӵ㽫ˡ
κɫϥص²ǲΪҡֻǣٱڶ࣬Щʱ﹥ǲϣµıʿƣѲá󵶸ƣֻ¡
Ӧӽָκκһ̶ȴ˫ۣ°͡Ǻӵܣζ벥ݣͶ˳͢ȴȴ뽭бƴɱ䣬ŭʵΪ֮ⲽأκҲĻˡ

ƷＰʱ泪סӦ
ƷתĬĬͷĿһʧҲݴΪ⼱ЩսҲ֪֮꣬ҪǣȷҲвãšɢȥɣζǣ飡
ͷĿ˿ӦƷʩһ񣬴Ҵɢȥ뿪ӦڵأЩɱţƽֻܿڿΪЧȴģûһΪҷǵġ
Ʒ죬δڣȴȻʵصǼ檲ãȰ˵£زݣýء
ӦɫҵһЦȥϦղк죬ɽӣȻҲҪĸо
ǰսѴɨɾʬѾԱѾͳɽȥƣΧѸٽ˼ӹ̣ǿ˷ͷ˿ǸߴƷϱһɷĴ
У۱£
ϣ볯Ǭ
볯ӣ
һЦȻĴ󵶣Ѹһתתת磬ѾתƷ£д󵶺ȻһƷϡ
󵶶ˣƷһΣбһ¡
ǣʿƷһѾб˵Ʒصȥ
ɽɽĻ쳹ɽȡ

ҹɫеĺھشţɽɽȴͬӪ
ĸŻѣǰӵӦĬĬѲӸأһ·ӦԽԽǾ
Ȼ֮١һӡ־״̬οЩǿģ
ʮЩߵʵĸоǰ·һͭ޷صľġ
ӦѲһ룬޷ȥˡĬĬתûĿ⣬ػ
Уƻ磬ҲϵƷҲ޾ĺڰԲŵյĴͨ
ӦƷЩӭǰȥô죿
ӦҡҡͷƣϣĵصѲˣȥɢҲϣѾעˡ
ƷĬĬؿ˼һ㱣ȻƮ¦ɽϣϡҶС˵ĻҶС˿̾ɽ°ɣҲǶԵģܸһǸʲôζ
֮ڣҶСӪʡ
һ綹ΧڵǰģҶС졢ƷɣһӣһԵܿɰӡ޴ࡣ
ҶСࡢƽѾҵС졢̶ˮ֮ϲҪռǣҪ͢Ͽɣ˳࣬һˣֻһˡ
޴˵ͷֱ°һεģɡһֱأܶҶѲܱϵֺã͢˵⽮ǸǻҪǻܰ¶ˣҴֶд
Ʒɰһ۵ֶдƨãбնд
޴Ųһĥ̴ƨɣߺصҵǸңҵң
ӪڣֵܳԳԵЦ
˰ΣӪвҶСԳ͢ԣºڣһ̾ͽˡҶԣһ̲Ӯһ롣սһҾȥݷμҺͰңǴһ̣ҲӮˣ
Ʒɵ磬Ҫһ̣ʤ
ҶСһΪһ룬һ룡


52 
֮۽еĽ׶Σע̻ɽսĽȲ죬ҲѾӮˣʣֻʱ⡣ݵսдˣֻȱ˼ֵĿռ䣬ΪȷܲץӦ
ʱ󵶹£Ѿǣ߼ֵֿĲݵطʱ߽⡣쵶Ͱ·˳ִﺣڡ·ļ룬ڸΧˮйͨ
Ȼ£ȴֻɵʱλ׸ù֮ơÿǴѩƬƵɽȻҲ֪󲿷Ͳʶ֣һٸֻһʶֵģȰϢҲܿɢ
󵶵뷨ȻܿɽϵǱɽͶϣһʼɢɢģ󵶰Щ˳˵ɽϺܿͶϵ˾ǺѡȺˡ
ɽ϶ȻҲǷŵģκ£սӦ˵͵͵ɽͶϵ˹ѩһԽԽ࣬Ӧȴް취
ҶСЩңڵĺܣ쵶ͰһҶСͳӪеĳ͡˿ˮϺˮһļ̳ˣǴǰ滹ǳԶ棬ҶС춼бҪͬǸùϵ
ҶС˱ϵͲύܿʹһŻȣͲնͷݰˡ
սڵʱ̣İ쵶ڱ֣׷սӪһɱ˺ڵһأӦĺ԰
ϿֻǸ߸ϵ֮ϣããˡźǻ⣬첿쵶ǧ˲㲿ȿֺϳ壬ɱѪɺӡ
͵ҶС󵶵˧֮Առһսʱ޹ʤ޹ȥǹ͡ҶС̵ĺôѾˣȻʶȤùǰ塣
Ӧվһʯϣɽ紵ļԷ·ߴʤƵģɫҲࡣ
һ̨ϣվƷϡϵ檺ŮһףͦվһȾԵĸ
κѾ޷ˮĿܣ˿ǰ첿ӦĸˣȴȫܹǰɱźǺʱ̵ˡ
е˶ɫһ
磡
ˮӦ
ƷҲŤתӦĿ˵ǸΡǾ
Ӧ˱۾ĮȻؿѿɿսķߣĿ檡Ůһһӹ̾ϣѰ˰꣬ӦǾ˲ϵĴ˰
ƷҲ̲סһ
Ʒ˵ڵأʹҲһ򵹣شޡ
ӦĬƬ̣ˮڻգʵصӦ񼫣Ī꣡󡭡ҪǣҲǲܵˣ
Ӧϳ߽
š顱һˣ˷ڽ£޵øӱˡ
ȻһŨųҵĻӴ̶Ȼе
ƷӦϽʱ֪Ѿʱȣֻˮģ˫ۣǰһƬ죬ʲôˡ
ûڡúޣģ񶼳һաӣǶôѵãô˻£һݳޡ
๫
ϡ˺ۼӦԾʹһ͵棬ײȸţ˸һȥѸ͵ĻͰǳˡôĻȻӦ˰š
Ⱥз󾪺Ʒ棬˰ɣҪģҪġ
ۼһĻ棬쵶ͬ˾ҳۼӦⲽأɵһ˿֮ģԷŻ˹ơ
ǧȴۣǧ˶Ӧޱߣ޲ͷ֮ޣοˡһӦɱһӦ͸Ӧǽɻʵٿɴɡ
ҽ˷塣ۼȻԾЩʿҲˣƴֿ֮Ӳسǵķߡ
ȳ嵽˻ѱƵ˽£վҲɱ
죡Ȼ𣡿Ӧϳ
ʿۼһԸȥ̹УһɴһƵǰȻ˻ܵ
ǧϵۼ˴ҲһӦǣҪȴҲԸðգе㣬ѷɫһ
磡磡ǧᰡ
ǧڷ㶣ȺͻȻһˣǰһѱסĴȣ󣺡磬췴ţһҪѽ硭
ǧᣡ
ǧŭһŭ˫ۣȻȾѪĳǽڿУվ޷¡ǧҧһ̣͵һ߿ǧᣬȵҹ
ǧᱻߵڵϴ˸ȥǧˣʱһ󺰣һ˶͵Ծ˳͵ع˼ײһֻǶˤλòͬ㵸ϥһͦײıϣ߲һײ˹ȥ


53 в
ײǧ壬ҲʹȥѬǵģüëһͱ̻ңϡܿģ㡣ҶС첻ΪҲ̫ƴ˰ɣ
ʱܴе󡰺¡һ̮̻Ľ˲˿ȥ
ҶСǧĽŲӣϳԶ̧ͷٿ̮ѾôͣŻˣˣһֺʲôʣˡ
һȺȥǹˮ㡣ǧ߾ˣһֻ׻ҶСϣȴûӱײˣѪòҡ
ҶСתĿȥƷĵĿ⣬㶪ǧĽšƷԹԹһڹݸʱ˱˳ƷĴϺݺݵشһ
˺󼸷ֱƷͼɱҶССҽ֮ƣ˽Ӵľ͸ˡӴƵȻһĵˣҲǣɸôһ˿
ҶС첻ƷҶСƷУƷɱ֮ҲѵޡȻ򣬴˾ҶС˵ʲôأ
ɽ𣬻

Ʒһţ󵶵Ŀ֮СӦΪѣҲûΪǣС˻Ӧʬʢװ
ֻʱѽģʬ岻ñ棬ʬҲʦӴáԻӦʸժ࣬ʳΣԷֹʬ帯áһۣһҰĲڻҵһȫʬҲɵá
дõĽݱӦĽ֣Ѹٱ츮˷սۣһһʮ죬·ն׼࣬ܳӦһװˣ֮ս˽ϣ˶
Ӧĸ¼ˣпһլԺ˴ǵҶСðҶСʱסլԺ
𵱳йϦ֮ԵǸŮҶС컹ϸѰҹһй֮ףҶС뾡֮ܵչˣưһ£ֻϧһսһƬңŮѲ֪ȥҶСҲֻͽκΡ
ƷﱻѺһķŴ㶼ú˵ľͷڽ;ǰǲġ
ڵƷͷɢ㲣ҶСѸٵתȥʱδйǱҶС쿴ǱģߣҲ֮ϵ΢һֱ֡
ҶСûǿηվסˡ
ɰΣҶСһ̾αҪߣ
ηھĬ
ҶС¦ɽʱ뿪ôӦʱͲɽϣ˵һԱϧѡ뿪ߵһҾ֪ôһ죬ֻû뵽ô죡
Ʒһ𣬻Ȼת˵ʲô㡭֪Ҫߣ
ҶС촽¶һ˿εĿЦȻأƷŮкܣıߡΪ˱סԼ̰Ů֮з֮ȥһˣ
ҶСҡͷ֪ҵȻ֪Ǽӻ̣Ҷһ
ƷĿâһֵص֪ô
ҶС컺صûûڼ飬Ҳ֪Ƿǹ˵ġ֮ûȷ˵˭ĿľҪԼŲ顣֪ͷЩԼԸӦͬҲԼţЩԹ롭ɱģ
Ʒ૵صԭˣԭˣң죬Ҷңһ۰򡭡
ƷŭؿҶС죬ҶСҡͷҸᣬ㲻ߣƻòϡǡ
ƷһȻûԹñˣҵ·Լѡġ
˱۾ֻſҶС죺࣬Ѿ˰ɣ
ҶС˵ͷ
Ʒƴҵˣ
ҶСһģ
Ʒתȥĵصлл㣡
ҶСĬƬ̣ûбҪҰæô
ƷһЦԵ£˭ܰæأ
ҶСĬȻƷﻺ߻ؿķм䣬ȥŴӣصµģġ֪Ѳ赲
Ʒ΢΢ͷҶСĽǶȣԿɢ°͡Ʒص
һ٣įһЦϧһ޷Ʒġף㣡
ҶСһֻ³ȥû˵ֻתȥģûһ
ۿҪ߳Ѻһ˷ڣԱһͻȻмŮ˸ŶŵդҶˣҶˣ
ҶСͣסŲŤͷȥĸŮ˷׷׹򵹡ҶС̾˿һ⴦ᣬ֪صĲʲôҪȼСȵһȫô
ҶСҡͷߣȴĸŮ˿޽еԮ֣ҵԸǰǣ
ҶСһʱվסŲЩͨӣǲؽǵģɵعԱãһ˵Ƿй죬һǣϣСǾȻҪȥǣ
ҶС߹ȥſվסŮʮͷһѮ£ͷסҶС̷ģλˣ
Ůæˣ
ҶСƷ
̧ۣȿ֪ܱ͵ط䣬ǻΪūɸ̷˵ĻҪôһЩٱΪΪ檣һϣ֮ҪҪʮģܻܿᡭ
֪
һ˵ˣǲںһ̷ֱڷߣ˾ȥܵظҲ̺򰡣Ըһ
ҶСסˣĿŮһһӹŮص˵ͷеĿ
ҶСĬΣ̾ˣ֮ӫӫ綹ʱ򣬻빲ˡҲ̫ʧܣ
ˡˡ
ۼҶСٲȥŮغ˳ȫ˳ȫ


54 Ѳ
ݴݡ
ʮգӦηԾϢܿ촫˾ǣʵѶϲ
λִֵĲϳĻʵۣھع֮ڣȴʼûзӴ۹ĿơУӴĹһתţðݡձӦһսȫʤա
ʮ£²һ˹ʮˣͬӦΰ͵ĸʬǣ֣׷¡
ʵ۸߸ϣۼһȺȺ²ѺǰƷʱɵȻĶȻʱƷѾĥΪ㲣Ծܹĵգóò
뵽ӨӨĵ֮سŮ߱ҲӦһλȻŮģϧ
һ룬Ͳ뵽ҶСǸְֺ޵ļһҪ˵Ӧ췴ҲԵĴǭƹȵ˾ЧµʱҶСһ͢ʾģȶ˾档
ϳ͢½˾ȨҲҶС죬Щ¶ḦǴ󱦣ڽҵ˵˵ĺô뵽ҶСΪĳӣ׳һŮˡ
ȻأЩ£ãá˳˵𣬿˭֪̫ĲɡһһУһһÿﶼ֪жڶţڵŵ
ӨӨǸСȻҴŷϼţһ˫ŮӣȴҲֻȴ
Ӱ̾˿ĿһתȻֿһСһС֡
ͦ״æСǰ
СüĿ续ݰףȻ䣬֣֮ȴɿóǸӡ
һƵЦŻʲô֣
Сػش𣺡
΢΢üĵ֡һתȻ뵽һ㸸ǡ
Сｾ°ͣҵǲݵһ˾Ůģɲἰ׵䣡
ʵ۵ɫص˭һģ
ͷһۣ
֪֪ʲôģ
֪ǻʵۣҪɱǣǾˣ
΢΢һһĨЦ⣺ô
£
΢΢Щ⣬ص£Ϊʲô
ס硢һ£
ס
޺޵ؿʵۣȫ޾⡣СвǷǶԴĹֻ֪ĵǱʵ۱ģ׺ֳҲҪʵɱʵҵĴˡܣɱʵۣļ˱
ͦһŵöͷðһεؿһ棬ĲģͳͳնףԾ󻼣
˰֣󵶸Ͻܹһߣϣصޣһ̵ޣһëѾͷܳΪҴ֮ǴҲȷʵþˣ
ͦף⻰ŪҲǲҲǣֻò
Ӧ൳֮УŮδߣδʮߣԲɱ
ͦӦһּ
˿ͦСظߵؿкһ⣬Сף˵Ů޶η䣿
һ첮ĸϽū̷֮˾úõһһɫ˫
ҡҡͷ첮ĵѲɻϿСţ˵Ǹӣ꣬Ҳˡ
첮ΪĦ͸˻ʵ۵˼ϽֵôŮ̱£
Է²Ϊū¶Թž͢ɱƽҺ󣬳ѷ²еһЩŪУе̫࣬Ů
Ա˵ңһЩŮ乬Ϊū˴˳ϢʷᣬһТڵĸ׼ϣӷ²˻ʺ󡢻̫󣬿Ϯ֮䷶һеģֱڴʷϣҲ൱һŵĴ̫ࡣ
ʵҡҡͷ¶һ˿ѰζЦ⣺ָͭʹҶС죬й𢣬ּӷΪ˼ʹŮ޶һҶСɣ޵ʹͣ
ūּ
첮ĴӦһɿһۣĵ˼ɱСŮ޶Ȼ£һҶСߣ˸ֲͣɱҶСͷʹˡ
߽ס²ʻڷ²ڽͣסˣⷬԴ𣬽˶ڶУĸ߷һʱ伤ֱ˷ΪŮҲҪһͬ㲻̷˾Ҳܳܵĳ衣
Ӵ澣ŮҶС죬Ȼū澵ˣɱԤϵĽ޷ĺýˡ
ƷȴĿһ
׷ʮŮѺΣŮͷһ뿪ƷС
ˡ߷ӵؿƷֻŮúõػţɲһŮҳеΪΡƷҪŮȥʲô
Ʒ֮£ȻڶǽƷǰҲûеӿܡƼģƷﵭһЦ˵ص֮ҲơΪƷȫĸô
ֿС
ףߵƷǰƷͷѹСһ£μţϣһͬĸĽ㡭
Ȼ󣬿Ʒ̫ⷬҲˣ۾ԽԽ
ƷĶ˵ˣֳͷҲʲôŮ޶ͲСˡʮʱĸء
ЦЦܣʲô£ȴûɣΣԼʱ˵ҲԾһ
¶ص˵ͷһʱȴ벻ףʲôȥȴֿɣΣ¡
ƷｻⷬϥĿˡ֮룬հңңҶСߣΪһãǣϧƻľ֮ƣһƱûˡ˭ȴһŮĪǣҲڤڤ֮⣿


55 Ӯ
ʮԪգѲ£Ʒκһʱ̩ǧ桢棬ڲпնסҲ˸Ϊū̷˾ֻ
ʮеĵһı淴ѣڴ˴֮£ΨһýϺýֵģΪʵ۵ĶȤζ͸ҶСС
󣬳͢Ӧһڵ׼˷ʾǭƹȵأǶԸ˾һ塣
ϼ˰Ĳݻҵһ弸նɱֱͷغڵǧˣ㡣
ۣ͢նɱˣǧˣȺ²нʮˣݵطһá
һ̣͢ӮˣʵȴҲǲʤΪһ̣͢ʮʡ˾ӣѡȫءĸ֪°ˣʮʡı췻ͱı豸
ǹڵһս͢ʮˣʿǧˣ˽һǧˣ˽ǧˣﵽ˵ˡ
սУǰäĿðзȫߣȫǲݷĵ屶⻹ǲʤô
ͷöʣһս͢ķһʮͭǮʮģʮʯʳΡ⡢߲ˡ
⻹ֻйصģҩأأأսأҩأеأսأʵ۴˷֮ѹȻ֣ԼӮңʵҲûӮʲô
Ҫ˵Ӯңҧгݵط֣ĴӮңȻҶС죡
ҶСһ̣ȻǱǿ׳˼Ѿգ⻹㣬ݵһҲˡ
졢̶ˮࡢƽ֮أȫҶС֮С
ûôܣǣû֮󣬽˭
бҶСĵôЩص˾ҶСĿļһȻȻϣȴҲֻűӳϵεˡ
׷ϵĲ˾գһսѾ״ǶԲݵͳΡЩģҪôսδҲʦնˡ
δҵҲδ͢ʾңһζߣҲȡϮְֳ׵ƻҪڱߣΪ߱ҶСǰȫ̽ˣԵδ̫սҡ
ЩطӦδ̨֮ǰҶСͶϵģЩЩʼձ֡һЩٲͬǻʵ̶ۣܲܲﰡ
˵һڳҲǰ첻ġĵطʵ̫ۺˣһʥּ˵֮ؾܱ֮صġ
бٽƵĵ˵ˣ˵߰ɣȻѾ¶ҪƶȣҲֻ֪֪ܰݡ֪ػɳ͢ˣ֪ͬةй١ȹְҪΣЧ
ˣȻôһƬЩԺܲܿƺЩҲ֮䣬ŪþһƬġء˳͢һ󸺵ʱĶȥô벻ߵҶС죬Щҷ£
治İҶС죬ֻҶС£ûܸɵҶС졣ϾҶС֪ݣûзʱĺ޲СѾͷҶСϡãͷ֮ޡ
޴ܵǰ˲үǮҶСƤϵ빦Ҳˣģְ֧ѲһΪһ뽻ҶСʩƶȡһƶȵĹԱʼ
ţȻ֪ȶ͢ͳεð취ɾǲҶСô׵֡
ҶСȻҲµʵﲻɿڣѾΪս׻˼ϵͳȨõʹĹְʵۻϰѲҲΪ߼οʹ
ҶС쿴˿һ£̺̲С澻СѾͷһ˫۾ƺҶС첻ҡͷôܣͳǸڵļһ͸ɣô׾ͷġ
ҶС˿ڲ裬΢΢۾ʱҲˣ׼Ķ׼ˣҲ˳ˣҸõˮˮһˣ
ˮȥչҶСĴ㣬ĦȭƣԾԾԣþû⹫ˣȥ˼ҡ
ɱ𡭡ҶСľ㿴˼ӨӨٿ˼ĸеʱ򣬻Ƶϴ£ͦôӡ
չˮУһģͦŸҲ˿׸Ҷ˵ûҪȥԴУҲȥҲȥ˼Ҷˣ
չʼ߿࣬ҶСΣֻ˵ʱ㶼ԺһȥΡɣ
չüΪɶɣ
ҶСȥ⹫ɹƭȥˣȥˣ⹫֮䣬ˣ


56 ɹƭ
ԼҪȥԼ⹫ɹƭ
˼ʱˡܡĴ㣬ԼҪȥ⹫ô˼ţ⹫˿˵Ӧûټˣ
ԣԼȥɣԴˡ֪飡
Ů򰡣չѹûҪȥ⹫ƭʲôôƭûҪֹҵȻԽԽãѾأеøһݼҵŮøһݼױСΪҲģء
ºҶСˮլ
ǧң˵լжٶǧ֮ǰĹ
ҲǽһòעĿİǧǰֲ֮ҲյСС͵ƣǧǰϼĶ
Ҳܣǿųϵĺɻףʵϸ¸ոƳģֻΪ˺԰оƥ䣬Թ˾ɡҶСŶһܰĹרö֮Լ鷿ˣɴ׾ˡ
ҶСȻͬգȻڻֻһʹ𰲼ҪѷɫһүӵĳӰˮοʹأҪһס
ʵֻڰ֮ʮɽеôҪˮμҸʵ˼ңֻʵͷҶСѾ㹻ʸܰүԽӼ
ӳ͢˵ѲһڳԵûôθڣƢθġѲһΪѡ񡣻ӢԴһĿȻ
ҶСЦеģڰүǰ޾СүڴҶСԱߣŵͣҲڴһߴһ밲ү˵ޱȡ
񣬻ѾһЩĸ󳼣ˡүҲϵЩ̨Ϸġ´ΣǸϣ֮ǣ㷴ԵģҾ޳ɣ޳ɵģһԣ
Ϊ˵𢡢߯ҲաֵɣǬٶϣϣҪүĹ֮ʯ淢ѽ
үӺǺһЦͣȻͭ·С죬г̣ǰ͸õˣĪȥСˣ
ҶСϽϾƣȻΨ˼հֻ·С죬Ŷ룬δʧԣСȷʵɽһϼδƣݻվҪ˼ġ
ү΢΢۾ҶС죺ôμô˵
ҶСһȻ֮СμȻȣȴҲܶȥ˳ˮ¶Ȼ˳ˮˡ
үӵô˵μ޳ɰѲˣ
ҶСɫʵҲ˼ϼ⣬Ѿϱˡ
Ŷ
үЦЦû˵ֻһµİ룬΢΢ض˼¡

˼֧ͬҶСˣ
С鷿׾һ裬Լеʡ
үһۣصȻأ
쿴˸һۣڸǰñԼֻǴš
ү̾ϢҶСݻᣬǸǰӣһУ֮Уƣ氡
ҶССҲ̫ˣʮ꣬ǰһǧ·ߵͷˡӡʵǲ
үЦЦһǧжٱҰҸ⡢ǿļ壬ѻҷô˵Щ˼УγǶҰҲ
ͣû˵
һʮꡢüĿ续СѾͷ߬ŷȭΪүᴷż硣
үӰеڳϣȻ㵱ΪҶСԴ޵ĻǣŲŲҪڣôֻܳȫô˳ˮ飬Ϊβ
ЩãȻؿ游үӼ״ָҶСռˮмһˮǲܳΪˮһɵصģ
鷴ԵĻô֮Ӧιأڳ͢ǿи
Ͱһҡͷ˾ģǾԸ⿴һĻ
үֵôƸˮμңǿڽȥ
ͰһҡͷˮˮȷʵϵУҲһµ̬ȣͬʱҲľϵôܷˮμ
ү˫һ̯͢ռˮռ׳ʵˮˮȡءôΪǻиõô
룬ûиõѡ
ү̾˿ڻҶСǱЩӺʱھʹٸӿš鷴ԣҲֻܴʹ¾ģѲ컮ҶСġ
޺޵صСӣơȻˣӵ
үȻһЦأСӣһƨѶΪ˵ˮѾ޳ղĻģܵģ
үЦˮμҲĴ˼ңһӵвμҾҰ֮ˣǻòȥȡһ£μңһ鷴ԣͣҪϣֻȡһ֮أμ˵ֵõġ
ɻصүүǣ
үӵǵȻǸμһ鷴ԣҪ֮عǡҶСǴˣףǰԽΪˣȫ飬óУ


57 ಡŮ
ˣ񵽲ӵϼһôԲȥ·ءǺǣİɣϷϱֲ֧һΪƿ
лүӣҶҶС֧֣ҶСûݲ
ҶС۾Ҫ򵹣үӼæӶЦһ԰Ӳ˸ս·𿴵һһͷ˾ĺ졣
ҶС뿪ˮȥһ˺𿴺ļλ˾ҵĵڶݶӣߡΪļûٰ˾˼ҵæȴˣ˸ٲٶǷļ飬ܲã
ҶСļס죬漴̤Ϲ;ҶС첢δ˳£ֱʯ䣬ǰ;ͣ£С졣ҶСʱȷС츽ʧ죬Ѿݻϼô
ټ٣ټ棬˭˵ء
СϣϺ˴˿¡
һ١ͷ߻صμһֱŰ̽ȥϧвҵʼղǰСǼõĻᣬݴ
һƵ߱Ҫ곤ʮ꣬̾ϢһΣμҶ̫ˣ˽ǻᣬκȴҶٳٲж˴ûѽѾţҶС֮УǴ⣬ֻ¾ҪҶС˳ͻ
ҶСΣѵμһôһʮ֮꣬׳ˡ
ǺǣûˣˮͷϺ껹أϴӦҶСǸСڶ̶ʱڣԾμұȼĵλ֮͢λӣǸΪӦμҹ
Ͼ˷ˣҲʮ꣬ϼǴھλáκγϣҪһԼԷš
ʱһᲽ߽ڼߵ˼䣬μü鵽ɣһȥٺú룬μҴʱξϣˣʹɢ˰ɣ
μ뿪ŲҴҵתլû߶Զ쵶ӭܻص˵ȥͷ߶ƫ˵ȥɢɢҲá¿ɺãùƻִҪң㿴
Ѿͷô۶أͻһŸˣѾͷ
μһᵽǸͷʹĹŮüĲ
Դ˳ԺΪԾͱȽϿʣҲǲģֻҸôӣȡǸޱ㡢Сݵжô׵ġ
įʱ㳣ȥֵһĵط˭õһȥȻ˳ҵͷŪμºΡ
μһ󣬿ߵŮ¥£վס׶쵶ݺݵصãμҵУμɾСһɽأգɺޣ취ָҲˣߣҵŮҾͻɽţ
쵶һ⡭ף²װɣ
μ۵кβףԵʮһףΪһ˽ҪŮǷҲҪȥ
쵶˿ĭ׵ǣ
ʱҶСѾʩʩȻߵμҴլſڡһ·ϣɽˮһ㣬þ±һƣһݣģҪμǢ̸µģ
լ棬μ¥ĵһͨȰѾţǼ⣬ۼ˵ޱģʧЦˡס׵ֱۣѽŮ˼ңҲС졣ҪŮˣʱȥ
̾˿ڸ׼ϣЩصŮ֮ôˣ˼ܻһֱֻǾã˵ܺã
һ˫µЦЩص£һ𾭣ȪʯϣطԱ߼һ¯裬͡Ůϲ
ö˶һáʵŮȻμеˣŮŶͣȥżһۣڣʵأҪУͻȤˡƹŷ𣬰㷢ļįӡ
μû˵꣬Ųأ峿£ո֡ͨĴľɽԣ̶Ӱġ˾ţôʫ⡢ô
μ˸۶дʫǸʫˣȴҲҡ
ѽ˼Ҳ˵ˣѽһˣ
μЦãҪŮһſںȻһŮүţҶС


58 һ
μϵǰʱ쵶ҶСԲ裬̸ЦսϴµĽ飬ȻǷǱһһ׸ϵ쵶æվҶСҲʩ񣺡ã
μһЦؿ
μ£΢Цֶڲ֮У˳ᢣȻνս޺պ֮ҽ޻ͻ֮书ԣȴǡǺǺǣϷ򳣽ѵȮӣѧϰء
μⷬЮǹģҶСûսƣϢռ˲
ҶС΢΢һЦǷˣʵСֶڲսϣȴıԨϾУһǾҵĿɲСֶһҲ
μﲻһϣҶСȷʵӲ֮лȡ棬˼±ǮţһǧҶСȫǮ֮۴ò˳أӦӮأ
ҶСǰȫĻҵѺˡôμôμңμμͼıĻҶС¶ΪʲôҶС֣ʱμҵıĶûأ
μٺٵЦȡ裬Ʋ⣬ת˵ֶ񴺷⣬֪жٴҪιСأ
ҶС΢Ц֪ˣСֶǰȻȡ澭ġ
μһۣ²С죬ֶֻǰݴ˷桢մɣ
ҶСǲΪСֶ䣬СֶҪȡ澭ನۡС첻Ǵ£ڽСͷȴ¿Ҫࡣ
μüչǺǣϷˡֻ£Ϸһˣ
ҶС΢ЦСֶǡˮϣҪղŻ鳯͢ʵ͢Ǳд⣬ֻǳϻЩ̰Ĳˣųô˻ᣬһٰݶҪһЩԵźá˳Ӧ⣡
ҶСһ׳ذϢһˮѾ̬֧ͬǻʵʵҲҪ˳Ѳأǳ͢ͻЩ
˵һУҶС쿴˿쵶ֿμЦСֶڹ̻գӭô

μ˵ӭô
ҶСǾͳСϱ
ҶСС죬μڴڼټҪæ˼أֳ˱̬֧ҶС죬ƺμҲûиѡˡ
ԣԵĻ֮ؾͻμô³͢ɸҶС졣ó͢ĹռϷ磬Ѳݳױεأˮμҿɾֱ֮ˡ
ˮϼȻѾͬˣˮμҾˣҲֻò˿ô䵽ҶСʵۣҪμҹ󷽵ƵҶСǰǲ̰
һգڶμҲֵ̬֧ľȻҪɼҶС
쵶ŸףҶСӵĿȥţһСѾææܹһϹڵأصүС͵͵ȥ˵Ҫȥˡ
ʲôμһȻ쵶ʣҲ˵Ҫõ֣
쵶εصɸҲû˵ʱް룬Ҹͷ١
ҸƨͷϾҪˣμߣո߳վסһתתҶСӵĿ󲽸ȥ
쵶Īæϣ㲻ȥֹСãȥҶСʲô
μӣڸգεȵֲִ֣ǲ֪ӾȥˣһܰȰǰץѾͷҪǱǿץưոݣ
쵶ګګصǡǾ֮֮ô
μǵظϵҶСľӴҶСң³Բ裬һμҶСһͦ˶ʹվֵ
μҪϷ˵ɣ
ҶСϲϸո¶ϲɫμֵϷһ
ҶСһѸЦݣʲô
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59 
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߶֣ͬʱԸ˶֣ЩֺĹǷ滹ǾĿǹдһʱŪ

ҶС쵶У쵶С죬㲻ȥֹӳңһʲô
ҶСΪγңùʲô취һŲ֪ζ֢ҩ˵˵þΪγҡ
쵶ŻȻҪҵҶСͷβ˵һ顣
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ҶС˵ͷˡǶѽұٽҲ̸ӣδýȥ
쵶ǰ࣬а취Ȱת⣿˵һĪؾҪ˹ͷȥշأԺô
ҶС°ͣķӣֻǲˡš辶ЩӰɡˣҵˡ
ҶСŲеҵôڣû°ɣ
쵶ںصû¶ҵԸҰָءһͲƽ̴񣬰Ҳɣ
ҶС죺
ҶС죬Ʋ
צҶСȥҶСһ巿š顱һ͹ˡ
ŭҼ㻹סң
ӱϳһ򴰻մ򿪴ӣ֦߱̽߰ܶһư⧲һڰ̣ʱ۷ֱӻһΣһεڵء
μ쵶վԺҶС̽ţμĵصõʲôɣ
쵶Сִ֣ⷨӣֻ²á
ҶСǷİɣһܺιɣ˵İֻҪιҵͷʲôӶУ
μͷû⺢ӣϷͽˡֻҪֹңʲôӣϷšʣֻ
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ҶС쿪ʼˣ뿪ҪҲҲĵģȥȥȥȫȥͽˣһͲˣҳôӢۺܶˣһβһС
ҶСһ˵һӣؾʹȥ


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Լϣ־ŭҶС죡ôĹμҵĵ̣㡭ȻҰҰ
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ڶ棬ŶȵҶСŹӶмһ˵Ʋ죺˵δС㣬㲻Ҫ㲻Ҫ⣬𣿿ڿС찡μҰ׼ҵұ㣡
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ﱻҶСһϯ˸߻أŭ˳ңֹҳң
ҶСֹңίСι㾿ڸʲôôÿʵһӣΪӸҲҪĴһ˵ã˵ΪˣĻ䣬ʸ־ңȴǲŵġⶼˣҪͳˣҲڵȵ졣
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ҶС޵԰Ҿ˵㲻ţ
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ҶСĿɿڴؿĵ⺢ӡħˣ
Խ˵Խ˷ܣƾȻôһϮ¡ֲ赭ֻЯһ𾭣Ȼ¡Ȫߣͣͨģɽ̶Ӱ⾳
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С죬Сÿɻתˣ
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ƽﲻ˽̣С˾ռߵĺӶõĶμҴС㡭ᡣѲδС䣬һͰˮʲô
ֱϵͰˮĥ˺ܾãˮͰһᣬԼˮעˮϲ
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61 ݣ
μʮĴɫҪóˣסѳԡ
쵶ʲôѵģٷΣȻѳˡ
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쵶͵ҪȥҪСΪֻΪһвҪȥģת⣿
ҶСЦЦϰߣǺѸıġȻı䣬ܡֻһϰͻȻıˣ߻ܵˣܵģеϰһҹ֮䣬ȫ

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²˵Ĺ룬λΪĹʼûʲôλáߣҲֻзŸո˵ʱżȻһ˿

ﱻҶСĥĿˡ
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ιһͷСԺһֻŶżջδأͻȻ־ѹϽѽ˻ҶС˵ֻҪԺӣˡ
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ҶС죡
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63 ӵٶȵİ
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Ҫ޸㣬
δСĳȥᣬҵҶС죬ҶСűʣ滮Ųһ֣ӦȡЩ취ѸȶӰͳΣδСĻһʱЩ㲻״
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Ҫ޸ң
ҶС±ʣվߵǰ

ҶСǰߣƵһˣֱ󱳰ǽҶСһֳֻǽϣŽСԽԽͣԽԽҪǼ޸ңҪ˯ͬһŴϣҪŮ²£Һ֪ôĥأ
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һĨˣûӹҶС۾ҶСĿһ䣬Ȼסĺԡ
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ҶСȻصٶȴյĶߣо̵ҶССصͦϲ˵Ժʱ飬ʱ䣬úΪ˸Ϊĸұ֤ǿɱԺȤˣ

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64 Ⱥ
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