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˴Ԫ˧
ߣҹ
ݼ飺
ǰǮƣΣһͨˣһٻӵܣһɫţСӱˣȻҪĵĶɹȴ֣벢ûԼǰס
ÿֻһСϱһսףվǰսּ䣬ȥ
ֻҪս𲻶ϣεСӣͱǣξԼ޷޹˧ҲҪһС䣬ԸǰķŴˣ


һ ˮ


1 㣿
Ǯ۾ʼ䣬һӰڻȥ
ʹ
ǮƼǵãԼǰòƱײˣǸ˾ǾƺʻԸվ·߶ᱻײ湻ùģ⻰˵ˣԼҲ̫СˣΪһͷ壬ȴʱϰԵͳֻ˼жСΪһͷԣ湻ʧܵġ
ǮӾ󣬲һΪղǸӰȻһذ׵Ĺװ£ȣӯӯС鲽ڹӵŵСæš
ǮƴƬ̣룺ļҽԺʿװȻɹװĪϷ
·жǰŮͻȻתڿǮһɲǣֵĵɴ۾һѽթʬˣ
ŮתͷһɲǣǮƸոտСδüۣͱľһ
ɶթʬ
ˣС㣬թʬˡŮӾţ˷䡣
Ǯƴ˵ش㶵ȫ㲻⾿զˣ
Ƭ̣ͻȻ䣬űƿžʮ˴뷿УЩŮ٣ТһûһǮʶġ
ǣ
ǮĪĿʮˣĿɨмһһϮ£ͷײŮӺ󣬶ʱһⲻΪʶŮˣŮ̫ƯˣѾƯɳܵĵزüĿǳֱͦ£ƬСɺ촽ڼϴŮɢӢʣҪʾ£ƴò˲
ŮڿǮƺö˶˵ڴʱ촽΢ţһЦ¶ľѺ󣬵ȴΪ˵ˣ𣡡
һѮСͷ˿ƼǮƵӣ֪ԼˣδҲ̫ˣϳΪξѹˣĪǻعⷵգ
ԾɫŮӣԴ󣬱ǸһϢŭС϶ΪѰ
ʮˣǿһǮƣΨһߵߣץڷǮָһ˫üһ޴󰭣զû
һڣͻȻʲôʱԼһƵ˵ģѽ湻εģðð
ˣһȺʵ
ͷ˵Ϸҽ꣬ʼ֢ǣһָˣϷͷһϣѲⰡ
ĻЩȷˣǮǻˡ
һʱ䣬ϵϰʮ󸾻ͣµűСһϣǮƵľΧ˺üȦ
ǮѾЩŪκģȫ֪ԸզˣﻹǲҽԺ
СԺˣǳ˼ʶˣСԺˣξȻһ󣬺ö˶˵Ļ˹ⱾӦǧϲ£Ȼܿ죬˾ˣΪӣȻʧˡ
ðȥϾסҼҵģĪҶˣһʮĹ˿Ǯƽе
ǮҡҡͷͱһŤ˹ȥһŷʺϣʺ촽䶯־ŰĺøǣѵҲˣ
ǮĿ֣忿ڴϣ˵Զ㲻пڳ
ҿɶˣզܼǵ־ŴͣһԾĽе
ŵˣ˵ءǮƵСҲܶԷûϱͷֵܶȥҾ
ǮƵȷҪһһз̫ΣεͲҪⰲźõһ
˼Ӷˣﻹܾһ࣬СҺһƬ
ǮܲʱȻһǧֻѼɽУױϵĺŮˡ
ˣҾɣֻҪͺãȻȥ·һװ磬ֲġ
ǮУǾɫ˵Դ¶ʱƼŮ˶ЦЦ
Ѿ̫ƯˣǸ˶ѳֲסҲ֪˭Сǣⷿ϶ͷҿɲ¶̬
Ǯգ¶һЦǶˣŮкιɣ
΢΢һ㶣ϸĶסǮƵ˰죬Ȼûзһ˿㣬һǷǵûУ粴δмĿ⣬ƽĵȻ
ѵʧҲתԣգвɵÿЦһǮƵҶˣʧˡ
˭Ǯŵ
չŵӣ粣
˵꣬һ𾪵Ǯƣת뿪ˡ
Ǻǣ
𾪹ǮƿЦһĵңҲûһУϱľ籾Ҳˡ
ǮƼţҪ˭ŪİϷأǮѣҲ벻˭ɵģϾⳡ㣬ѵĽǮɲСرϱҪǶûǮ˼һ𣿶Ǯ
ǮΪ˾ͺһʡǮơʵŵ˼ˣνۣд󷽵𣿴𰸵ȻûУԲǮ벻ͨ˭㡣
ãǮƾƽӦ״۶ԷʲôУҪƽЩ˸оûʲô˼Ȼˡ


2 ֮֮
ǮڷдãűƿǮƱ㿴Լ󣬼ĵһСѾͷѾһҺɫĹװȹһ̣ʢһһЩµСˣŵϺСѾͷߵߣСӣóԷˡ
Ҳ֪СѾͷǶǮ££֮ʱһųųģǮƻһ
ǮƿɲܶԷǲԼĶˣԺ˴ߵ£ʼ
෹ǮδĿСѾͷʵǻ˶Ǯ㣿
СѾͷԣԣֻǶʧˣǷͿʱ򣬻Ҳɲҵģթʬˣǻ˵İ
ȻСѾͷģʵͽ˵СһǶӡ
Ǯ㶣ﲻɸ̾СѾͷͦҵİòûˡ
ˣȥɡǮҲװһүļƣڰ˵
С澸ˣСѾͷ뿪ˣֻǰ˲Ը˵Ĳж
СѾͷ뿪Ǯ°ͣƬ̣ǲȥ֪Ͳţܰһиˣ˻ԣתƣֽʲôˣǻĽҰģܿĸװӾ磬ҲһѴﾵͷһҵ
ҪţǮϰԵ￴˿ÿһŵ̾ĺľϣڷһͭЦ׼û湻ְⷿһҲ¶
ߵͭǰǮһգʱһ֣ԼͷȫᵽԴϣһľΪι̵װΣһһ֤ǱԼòˣһͨͨˣһλüĿ꣬ܰ𪣬òƫԣеСΣүǣһ޳УһŴҵĹӸ硣
⡭
⻹ûҴﾵͷǮƾͿ֤ˣ
ž
ǮƸоϻۣԼһƣԼʲôû䣬ͭ˶һƬӡ⣬Ǹ۵С
аôֱʰΪңȻѸˣãܺã
Ǯ˵ⷬԼˣݣļ۸ٺüʮϰɣĿ֪ҪŶ꣬ܿٳοǰˡ
ǮƣҪ²ܿ桭
ǮƿʼϵҰο£ţ˳ȥ
죬֦ҡҷֻаʮƽСԺůľСˮٻʤհ
ûеĸ¥ãûưȾеֻգů⣬ʪĴ硣
СɽԣΧһСϺһСţСžͷɽ󣬱һµĺľͤ
ܾµСԺкæµˣѾʰϵİײ԰ǽϸճߵĽ޻䣬ٴΰڷŵԭλ
æµģǮƺ㣬رÿһ·ʱṧĳƺһӣ
ֹ̬ǺݳģرǶһЩ׵˶ԡ
ǮԺһȦûɻּûһ̫ȻȻǮ˿ë
ιһ¡ǮƽסһڰڷŻ԰
кηԸ԰Ӧ
ʲôݣǮʵ
԰ΪǶӻԾˣ֪£ʶдһʰˣδĻصʮ꣬³ֻѡ
ꣿǮƴδ˵ݣӲȷԼǷ˴˵еĴԽ
ҵ鷿ǮƾҪȥ˽һЩ֪ʶǲŪΪһˣרŰź鼮Ҳõ˻
鷿
԰һ㵵ĿǮư죬Ȼ뵽Ŷ⣬ˣѵԼլԺҲǵˣ
Ȼɻ󣬵԰˵鷿ǰ棬ҪСĴ·𣿡
Ǯƿһ԰֪ķ򣬵˵ͷڰֵˣæİɡ
Ŀö뿪԰оԴЩκģӾȻҪȥ鷿ܿͲ԰ʶĶӰȻŰ裬ȴҲϳ竣һЩƯСѾߵǺɫɶ԰ͣȴδйκɫ԰븮꣬ͷһӶԻ
ĪǣԴˣҲˣ԰Ĳ
ǮȻ֪԰뷨鷿󣬿װ£ɫ鷿һŵģҲȾ
Ǹǻǻ㲻֮֮ǲǴԽһ֪
գǮƴзһΪŴĹ飬ǰķ£ɵɻ
Ȼʷ飬ȻܶǷ壬ЩʶģϲӰĶֻмصʷ֪ʷ룬ֱʷᡣ
Ŵڵǰ룬⵱ǮƵǰڵ硣
ʱڣܶݵһͳ˾λʵۣû꣬ƨĵùûʮ꣬㱻ĿʵۡӺꡱ𣬸ĹΪ롱
񣬴Ѿʮ꣬յӺ꣬ѾΪʥĵһʮһλʮꡣ
һδŵʷǮ˼С
죬ǮƽŻԭλзãڣһϤ֡Ԩ
Ǯ˷ޱȵķⱾ󣬶ʱϡ
ԨǮƵļУƳĿʵۣУȴֻһۣ͸·ϿԨŻճⱾӦÿٴƵ޶գңԨܺ󣬴𲽶ʧأס˽ɽһͳǶݵĴ壬Уȴٰʮ֮ãűŴ
ƣֱ̫ˣ˭Ĵĵʷ
ΪϲμǡʽܺʹƵĿ佫ǣǮǸϲƣмصģȴһ汾ԨϷŸΧˣûˣҲ˵μҲûˣǵʽܻ᲻߸կǰֵܣȥˣ
һ֮£ǮƽˤڵϣȻֿʼз
ûУûУ˴֮ǰʷǰһ⣬Ԩʷȫǲű߼ʣЦĻǣ߸կӣ׾ٸˣһ˶ûڳ
ſţǮƴӷȻУָͻȻ뵽һ£Ȼʷдô磬;ԲǸˣ
ò䣬仯ʷҲˣǮƲܣҲɲˡ
ǮƵһǧɣ֪δӦô죬ǰһˣѧʲô죬ܾһͬʱҲһˣȥѧϲУܺǰеĴԽһµУһӴĻҵһͳɽ
˻һǳԺ˯𣬺αŪҿأǮƿɲȥЩҵĴ¡
Ҫɱ󣬴Խȥ
Ǯ뷨һ֣ͻȻűƿˣǮƱһӢˬźɫװľɫ˽
һľװѴŮͻԵ쾡£ֱĳȣԲΣӯӯһյϣʱ޿̲ڿܵİȻɽ壬֮ԵɫòӢ£ǮֻоһϢϮŮ˵ǰѩеڣΪеڣСɫĽɫǮϲġ
벻๫Ȼ鷿⵹Ϊ޾ˡ
˵ŮӣǰǰǮ󣬼ǸԳŵŮˡ粡
֮ǰΪТǮһʱ仹ûľȻãϸϸ۲Ƭ̣ǮƲò̾Сǵȷϣһϡ
һжģŵĻôպ󡭡Ǯƹ룬˷ܵûʲôɱԽȥ뷨ͱ׵ˡ


3 
Ǯƿ鷿һǵ粣ֻܰʺһ䣬ûǮƣһ飬ԹԵ鷿зġ
ȻΪʲôһ˼ңϲ飬ǮƲδ룬ǾԳŵˣźС죬֮ǰһ๫еǮƸ棬̲סͷ򷢸ɵ촽иޱڴϽᷢ롣
ңϣ˽ҹٳ泰Цɣ
һֳֻ°ͣǮԺ޼룬粣Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻǰźñ󣬿Ǯƣ¶Сѵʧ䣬㻹Բİ
ǮǴлعһգգ۾ĨһǵĿˮεЦɶɶ˼
ûʲôĴΰɡ粱ͻȻüΪ䵭ûǮƣת뿪鷿
ǮͻȻֲõԤףСǵӣԲһɷ򰡣ǿŵƦŵǰûʲôŮ˶Ǹʮ㣬ŴɶĵµģȻǮƲ֪ĵ£ҲһŮķ⽨ᣬΪӵģԲΥɷ˼
粣ƫƫ͸ԼһϱǷƵá
ѵ˰ţҪԼ
Ÿղ粵ɫǮƲ뵽ĿǣҪǴԽ˹Ŵ粵ɣδ̫˰ɡ
ʱǮСѾͷĴ£ŴԲľԣΧˣ󣬸Ŀϣĵ۷׷ףǮһ£¶ʱЦЩˣȻ˵Դˣ
ΰ㻹ǵôСǴųģɲܰѴ˰һʮҵĸߵǮǰʵ
Ǯ֮£ֻҡҡͷʱĿ⣬ǮƵ֣һ˵Сʱ롣
˵𾢣һԵźҲΧǮƣ˵ͣǮƶʵһˡ
õõã֪ˣȥ͹ȥˣǵۻһһģҴҺø־ţ幫ţ˰ɣҶסˣ˰ɣܷŹҶˣҳԵ㶫𣿡
ǮƲѷ˲Žصλϣ˶Ǹողμλ£ûü뿪ģαΪˣǺѹܱ쿴ŵҪõöɡ
Ǯ󣬷ֻһλģλԣλɫˣҲ粡
Ǯе˲ſʼ˵ЦĳȻΪ̵ĸˣΪʧ룬оġ
ǮƵǳԵʹ죬һĴ⣬ϱֻгԾϯʱ򣬲ܳǸʱʳŴȣ̫ȱ
ΪθǴҾһΰ־ͻȻЦǺǵ˵
˵ȻͬģǮҲΪ˵ĶСƱҪؾˣɾʱһԵŴͻȻס֣ľƱһ衣
Ǻ⣿ǮƲĿ粡
ҶˣǶԼ϶ҲǲסˣԼǶԼȾƣȰˣ
˵ţСѾߵӹһ룬Ѿƺеľˮȫ뺣УݸǮơ
ԼʲôԼǮƿɲǱʱľˮȻδؾҵģһȥθѪҲҪʡ£ʱɶɰ첻˰
ǰʱҴģ˭ȵö࣬ҪӦԷһ飬ˣұպٺȾƣǣܺȹңûоƵĶⱲҲӮˣ
粵ĻǮôôо̶ʲôһӰѵһˣȲһ
˵ģҾϮ㣬ٱȹɸҽܡǮƵĻһҲһȥǷѣͶ룬վһµ༸ڡ
ĻˮǮƸоӲ̼ϻҪһǺ˺üڣûӲ˲ǣֱ࣬һˮƺȵһ㲻ʣͨĸ粣Ѻ뵹û°ξˮǵ̬Ƿˡ
ã־ͷһ˷ܵĽе
ΣҲ׷Ц
ǮƸоԴЩأϢ¶ӣǿţ˹ֵл۱ıûУܺȣ
ܺȣߡ
ͻȻЦһֱǮƣȴԸ˵þ
ǣС㡣
ҲǮȼǸСѾͷ粵ѾߣڳƺϣЩĲ
ұݺҪԵˣһšǮʵЦ
ɽţ˿粴ӻץһ̳ʱ˾㵵ĿУĿڣſں촽ž̳Ϳʼ͹ࡣ
һĻ˵һգգĿ粵׳٣û˻ȵǲǾƣΪᵽǹŨҵľ㣬˾жϳҪǮƸղźȵľƣҪ֡
粺ĹĶ࣬ࡱʶ̿ˮ
һ̳գĲķ¾̳ĿעǮƣ¶Сѵˣ
ˡ
ǿŮˣʮǮƣҲǶ֣ղһѾɱˣ֮Իû£ȫΪ⣬ǿš
ڿ粵ıݣ֪ɶΪʲôˣûСϵСôһѣܶһ̳ƣֱͲһı
˿𣬾ƾ谭Ǯƶʱһءһ˵ϡ


4 
ڶһ磬Ǯƴӳ˯оԴЩκģԷʱ֪ԼˣѾӣ˭û͸Ӧսöˡ
ʼ䣬ǮͻȻɴ۾˷ޱȵŤͷʱϲϣӲˡ
ǮƱڣ˵´һҹҪ粹ȴûˡ
ûˣɫ˼Ŵ˲ڣһģȥˣ
ѵһʼһ㣿
ǮֲȷˣϾΪޣзַ˯ĵȻǮУڹŴУУҲɶ檵ģַ˯ʱܻһЩ˰ɡ
ɾǮ˽⣬ξһǸչŲһµĽޣӦ罺ᣬһŶ԰
Īǹ˻󣬻ʲôǲ֪Ĺأ
ǮƺϣˣֻҪйأôСͬңķַ˯ôڵ粣ǲǻɶģ
Խ룬ǮԽо˷ܣһëһʹ÷ҵ߳ţڴڵ峿Ϣ
ӣӡ
ںʿǮƣͻȻڽŤͷȥѾ߻
ôˣǮеʵ
үͷˣҪŴ
ɶ
ǮȻˣǣλһԷ򸾺󣬲̿ˮҲ֪ˣεĸĸ
򸵣ΪӺپӶƷǮƵȻ֪ͷߵ򸵸ǰװͿǣ
ʮòţΪ룬źϣǮɻĻ˫üʱǮŭҲʶ𡣡
ӵġ
Ǯ⻰Ȼ˵գǺһЦⲻʧ𡣡
ʧ䣬ʧ䣬ҿʧķ裬װɵ㶣ߡŭ
Żӿ򸵣һԵ˲ˣǮƣһοǼ˲Żǰǰ뿪ˮ׷˵ˣŵǸϽָϻһ·ϵĵΪĶˣ˵㻺ˣΪ¼ֲڰʱ˶˵ģҲͷˡ
Ǯƿǰĸۺ˵ҲɵþǴԽˣôǰأǲѾ˳ֳ֮ǷҲǰĸһʹ࣬Ͼˣ
ţǮƵ۾ˣͷǵˣ֪
仰Ǹǰ˵ģƸʱ⣬λĸ˵ġ
û¾ͺãû¾ͺð˺Ц
ǮƿˣĶˣֲ˵ֻս˵֣е⸱Ĵڡ
Ȼû£ٿæţԺҪʲôС£ʹСֵġ˵ֱ꣬ӶŶֱ뿪СԺ
һۣ˵䣬ֱˣҲҴңȥҲҴҡ
ֵĿһ򸵵ıӰǮЦæΪĻ£̫ãǰոջصӺǣûü£յϢ㼱ææҹ·ˮڿû£ͷˣҲҪ֪𡣡
ǮƻôΨеͷʾס
а粿ҪЩСӳһҲ˵ġüЦ˵
Ǯ룬ӿǰͲøϼ켸ҹֻϧǺƶû˼
磬Ҳ֪ûУҲǵģææ뿪ҲֻøˣҪע壬ɱ˵һһˡ
뿪ҲһͬӺȥˡ
ֵԵ裬ǮƻصСԺ󣬱㿴һСٳϣһŹȴûüʸڽһֶ
ǮƵЦߵٳϣһʯʹ鶯£ָоܳҲʮһԱߵһʯգ͸ˣٰʮ
ĿʯʯռɨƬ̣ǮͻȻһЦƴ۱Ȳ㣬ƴܲǸ˰ɣ
ǮһӣһһۣȷСǵжŻע
գǮƲû̽粵ܵ˳ֽ緹ȻŴףҸպ죬Ҳð׷ˣϽڳȻĿУһŴףûӰˡ
صٳʱ粻ǱָղǸƣ
ǮվĵطԳעʱİŴ׵ʯ£ѹʯղϵĥʯµŴףȫĥ˵׽󣬲ſʼʰ¶ʯԵŴҡ
šǮкһ
ԣŤͷǮƣΪνԼ
㿴Ϊ
Ǯ˵ţץʮʯֶ
ߺҵιʮĶզ͸оϰٽأˡ
Ƭ̣ǮƱͷ󺹵ķʯ˼ڴȴǵĿ粣һЦݵΣ
ۣ
ͻȻЦˣһЦٻţʤգֻǮƿˡ
ЦʲôѵΪо˷ˣǮƺٺЦ
֮Ҳҳ񣬺ߣΪ޾๫ʶһ£ʲô
˵꣬ȴûǰʯǴһͲУȡһٽӲָһ䣬ʱǮƷ·Х֮Ǹ͸ռ䣬ɲʱԽʮɾ룬׼ޱȵǮƽԵʯ
ʱʯƬɽȻᴩʯҽʯʮСУһƬˮ
ǮǿļԭأղʯĽţֻа߾룬һ鲻׼ȾԱʯҪ
һϮͷǮ̿ˮһѿЦݣǺǵ˼ǱǱȼ
Ϊ޲Ҫ๫ȼ˵ˣҲ񣬺ȣȥҿҪЦģղΪŹǶʯ֮๫ţԡ
˵ţ精ͰӲݸǮơ
ǮҲսԣڱоİഫʱڣʯ֮γɣҲʯʯǰ㷨ҲʮǰСģȻǶʯ֮ǿǽСΣܳ
ҲšǮ˵ţͽӹӲһֳֹһң˫Ȼ
ȻӲĹңȻֻ΢΢һ㣬ͰǮƵˡ
ѽյҵָۡ
ǮƲòȥûָ͸оҪˡ
ôķڷ˰ɡһ¶СЦ
ǮСǵЦݣǲÿ̫ÿһ޷ϡ
ףңСΣ˵ˣ¹ˡǮƲ
ǰЩ⣬ĻˣһЦδͣץסһԵʯգ˫΢һȴ˫һʯա
ţ
粸оЩ֣öҲˣٴץסʯգ˫ȻȻʯջ˿δ
ˣձ˵ʯգŵģҲƵģôˣ
ɻ󲻽粣Ǯ͵֣Сǻ
ǮƼƻУǾԾٲʯյģϾŴ׵ԣǷǳֲģҪ粳Ա񣬾ٲʯգʯ޿κεʱԼǰȻŴסʯգǾٲֻǲܴϾ٣ȽбŴ׽й󣬾ͺþˡ
ваǮƺٺЦ
Ȼ֪๫ʲôֽţ˵УΪ䡣
Ǯ⸱С˵־精֪жȻթЦһ˫ϥһ䣬׳˫۱סʯգʵرѹʯԣǮ۾Բˣһ̣ޱĽǿʯա
ȣ
һȣ粻һ˲䱬ʱղŻشǧʯգȻǿľһ׾ٵıţˡ
Ǯһ֪ãΪͣŴ˲ѽڣʯյڵ粶ԣֱԺԲơ
һڰܲʱǧþܲҶһϣ˿ɾҪùˣ޴󵹡
精ǵȥʯյðظѹ˰
ҵű
Ǯƹֽһһ˾ʹӲ汧ס粣ʱ޴ϮǮ˫ϥһ䣬ֱ粵ıҲǽؿڣµȥ
ء
̳ȻڻǮƻǸоĸζ챻ѹˣҲ֪ؿڵ߹ǣûУ
ʲôס壬һվվˡ粲ӳʯգͷǮƽ
ߺʹ鷳ҽǮʹˣؿھ˺Ѱ۰
ߡȻǺһ˶Уȴһ⣬һ֡


5 
๫޴󰭣ϷҩһڷһȬˡǮƷڣź뵭Ц
վǰһЦͷˡ
˶ˣ˸һȥȡҩɣˣ⼸첻Ҫ๫˷纮ҪɣϷ͸ˡ˵꣬ҩ侶ֱ뿪
粷Ը˻ȥҩ̺󣬱ߵǮƴߣ¶СѣЦ㿴㣬ңȴԸȥˡ
ΪⲻǵǱˤëΪɻڵӶˣνʹİ
ǮƿڴϣǿջЦӣûб¶ʲôȴһۣȻ޹֮ǰ֪Ƣԣ粰ٰ㲻Ը⣬κΣָΪ飬޴ѡ
Ȼ֮ʱҲȷǼʶεıԣ봫һɫԣＱƵҪ·һ߳⣬ӴҲëëˣ֮мͬǸʱԼܽܣǲϵĸףȰƷˣ̺ܽˣ
ȻǰȴͻȻˣ֣ĥ͸㵱ʱϲ粣Ҳоһᣬɸչһ죬ͻȻˣұ⸱ģ˭Ҳʶˡ
ܶΪǼװģȴоıˣȻеɫȴûֿԼһˡ
ڿǮƣ粵ȷоЩʹϾԼ๫һˣȻ̸ϲɽأվãܻġ
￼ǣθıεĿӶȴ֪˿̵Ǯȴ룺ʱҪ֪סŻȥܰԵʱӶҪһϴǰܡ
ǰ粣뵽ͬ£ǮƵ񣬶ʱͱˣ粺İ
ʲô֪ʵ
ûûɶǮԺе뷨εЦ
㣬붼룬һ˵ˣǴﲻҵҪҵķţһҲ
粵ԽԽ䣬ָתͷߡ
ŮȨߣ
һ̣ǮƼйŴŮˣͳͳһ顣
˭˵ŴûŮȨˣ˵˭ŴŮˣǮƿûУģȻûأⲻһԴݻŮ
ǮƵ뷨ȻΪԲѣֻ˵ˡ
ļգǮû£ϲй䣬СԺˣȥߣɵſʱȴһ˸סˡ
ǮڿΣҶӣȻᱻ˸סɴ˿ɼԷ̵Ị̇ǮǲŴˡ
ٷ˵ˣûӲܳȥ
һռҰﵽ˭˵㰡Ǯü
ԼҶЩŭȻľ壬˵ٷ˵㣡
ҿ
Ǯƻ˵ʲôֱӰˣ󲽾ҪŶ治ţԷ
վס
ͻȻһȴǮó粵
Ǯƻ粣ΪѷʵʲôѵҾûһɣ
ɣߡ
һ˵ðҸɣȥɣڳţͱˡ
ߺιզ°
Ǯ˲ˣû취Сǲ̫£Ⱦƣ߾ңΪ֪ԼźǮƵ˼ȫˣҲ˵ˡ
ȻǮһˣҪŻǰҲֻһʮһ͵Сˣе޹ëϱֱŤһϱˣҪˣǰһϱɲװرûûûǮСꡣ
Ǯǰûϱһγһά˴꣬СֶûǣΣͱ˦ֱС
һΣǮƾˣҪ֣ҪϮҪ֤ԼǮƣΪΣųͳͳ
ڵǮƣȻ֪εΪˣ֪¾Ͳˡ
ҵˣҪҪǱӵɣһ˼ҿܣߡһյƤЦͦŴȵ
һϯ˵ü·˴˴Ҳһ㶡
ΥҡĿ
ʲôΥ氡ܺȣţʱȲ㣬ǣ嶥ˣһ𣬼Ȼ޸ң͸ѧĵ£ھ͸һȥ廨ʵʵһСϱ𡣡
εĻһЩ˳׾ˣǴ㵵ı飬̵ģһˣ
ȻȴͻȻǵ˽ЩĶк󣬲ɻ
ӲҪ
ˣҪҪ˿ӱȥӺү
ꡫСЩ飬ǾͱˣҲܹܵģ
СۣȻѾѹκһϯȫţǵȻκС
ɻ󣬰ӦòⰡϹѵţڹŴѵ쾭

ʱͻȻһţѾͷ֪˳С鲽ܵߣСʲôԸ
ҷź򣡡
ֻ˵ĸ֣ʱȫȻ
ٷҪҷˣھ͸ȥӺǣүһ˵ţȥȻȴͻȻ粶ݺһۣͰŵһϥһ䣬͹˵ϡ
֪ٷ˲ͨ籨ţˣǺҸ嵨ĶθӣܰɣܶԶǶԶ
żѾ˻ҵģһմĵզ
ʱڻУӹһΣǰʱ˵Բסӣֻίһˡ
զˣҪʲô
ԼһȦһȦ㶵վԭأ粵ʲô
ʲôߣ
һΣȡһƤ飬̯󣬷ŵǰ¶СѣЦдźһжҵģҲҵˣǸ˿Υ棬ǾҪҴãָӡ
Ƥһּ°
ҡʧˣҲ֪޹أҪ飬ɣη
ймҹ棬ȻԼ㲻õңӡбӡ㻹ҵ۾
һñӿˣֱӰθˣ˽⵽òе㲻һϮǳʧˡ


6 
ѽ
һĲҽУ򸮴ôӴŸǻֲ̿һԶԶ㿪
ѽǻְİ
ŹļֽŲ治ҴӣκθλиֲٷţҲֻΨǴˡ
һһǰ⣬εƨɼ򿪻ˣ۵һĲҺֹȻֱȥ
ˣŵü͸Ͻ֣ͣһͬٷ粡
ˣ粺һڲ裬ԵĻ
ʮˡС
Ŷʮ¾ˣ⻹ֻͨľɱӹǣӦþͽ⣬Ҳ๫治֪ôġ
˵ţͼǰͻط㵽ҷ׼ҩ࣬ͿڹϣһΣٷͲǶʮôˡ
粺ͻ뿪͸ԲһѶͷ亹໥һۣڿЦ
ӣٷˣˡһʹյζԣ
۾ȻûзСǵӰ󣬲Ŷ͵ɰ󡣡
Ƕӡ˵ţɰ
δӵЩƨɣ͵ܺãʲô
С߲š
Сï
͸Զ
Ŷ֮ǰǸܵļһʲôȥ
֪ˣƾһˣԲСǵĶ֣Ҫǿ˽󣬲ź㡣
һͱïúαСӣȻСǵѹ£ĿŵԼҲһļһˡ
Сİɣ֪Сĺʱɹ
ûʲôҲ֪ԴЩ⣬ǵúܶˣǣӵļҾСǣŶٷ˵ļҾΣǸ˵һ㡣εЦ
ͶǴӺ򸮣ҲⱲӵϵùģǶʮ˽⣬һ䣬һ䣬˭˵©ˣ˲䣬ܿ죬ξʹ֪ռҵĹϵ硣
ңǴٻңÿһļλٶƷ֮ϣ򸵺󣬸ǹٰӺͳһԿɼҵʵжǿˡ
Щף֪ӺǶĹ٣һʱݣǰļ㣬Ӧγڣˣ̸ֹȴǿԽٽȴƳ󺺣ʲôӺʷŪϡͿġ
ռң͸ˣռ桰̩ӡǵšӺꡱƬɽĿռΪԴĹǲ֪ռжսɳűס˴ٶ̫ƽʢ
ǿĵ۹ҲʷĳУοռأ粸׵һռѾ˶ڳһŮ⣬һͬĸĵãеĽ٣ŮĽֻδʮСͯ
˵ң⣬һ磬񺲣Ͼ٣ٰʷƷ
⣬ҵٵҲ㲻٣һЩطϵС٣ЩѾڵϵԶס
Ȼһ϶ǵٵģΪʲôξͻСԺأܺ棬Ǿˣȴ͵Ŀ⡣
ӣ治ǵˣ߲Сʵ
ʲô˵˵βѷĴߴٵ
߲̿ˮ˼һԴʺ󣬲ĴָӲŸ߰˶Ҫ٣Ȼ׾٣ƾٶһٶϧϲڣԼܺ쳾ǧ֮⣬黳˵ʱ˰
ƨ
˵ﲻˣǲ֪Ϊ˵ǮƣҲСӣڴţ
̲סϥǸ߲ƨһ£˵ġ
ǣ
߲ſЦһ̾˿ɫ㲻ѧѱ˲ɫԣһȺ̻֮ӺǵֵϷҸŮϾ竹Ӵǧ˵竣ɫǣϲҲ
߲һϯüžȻïĲŶͷϵĺˮǴ߲ŵ޴⻰˵Ͳ±Ӻ򸮰
˻
һڻεϣչ¶һ˵Цݣ߲ŵļЦ߲Ű߲ţȻǲŸ߰˶ȥ԰ɡ
ǺǣӼЦˣʵСһӽѵӵģСֻһЩٵļŶѡ
㻹ŰԲܲ
ιЦĪĿУ߳˴á
˵ǲǱĻ̼ˣַˣï
߲ҡҡͷӦû£ǰ˵Ļ⻹ǧٱҲֻЦЦ뿪ˣҾãղŶӦû뵽ʲôԻָǰӣ
ѽҪǶӱǰ֪ǵùأùأɿЦ
ȷʵٷ̫ˣҪǶӻҳȥ¥ȶᱻϰïһ


7 Ӣ
ΪҪװ˶ʮĻص䣬Ϸһҩ࣬СѾͷģȻҪΪ˰Բֻýҩд򿪣ҩεһ룬ŸǺúиǣſϢ
֪ԼΣֻǰӣ竣֮ǧҲԣȫῼεһϸΣֻᵱԼǸӵǮƣ
תۼ䣬Ѯ磬Ѿаˣʱ󲿷ֶڷжɹװ˺ü죬ò׳ߣߵСٳͿһɫװ粣һȴеƣ
κٺһЦߵǰŴ׵ʯ£СǣЦ˵ϱȥģǶʯ֮һӲİɡ
ԣ˫һɿңΣˣ
ҰΪϲŮǿˣԽӲԽãΪӲʲô̶ˡ
ռˣ᲻֪һΣ
һûȤҲ⣬ǺЦţΧתȦȦߣ°ͣ۹ɨɨȥһɪͣķңε鵽ǣһоĵ׸Ƿġ
㿴ûС粷Ӳ
˵ϱС첲СȵģҲҴְզͺţһأ
κݣƤǣֻͨݣҪŵʮһͣͺͨûɶЩͶĳ˶ԣҪݵ̫ˡ
ٴԼţû飬ȴ޵ϾҲһŮˣҲһŮˣˣԼӱٲҲҰԼ๫أȻţ᲻
ʱ¶СѣЦΪĲǵ֮ͱ˵˵ȥ㶪ˣΪҲŶ
ߺȣ
κٺһЦվԣһ˫ֻ趯ĶڴȭɿУȴ͸СϷ
֪ȭʲôҲǵҵģһٽ˵ȭΪ̫ǧɶˣεĽ͵
ȭǾǿ죬ٽÿܿ˵ʤҲҳ֮Ϊȭ̫ǿЦ
ʱ̫ȭûȻܿʲôŵֻڴˡ
ǰʱÿͣ磬͵С£ʹ֣ö֮Ҳ̫ˣΪˣרһ·䵱棬粸е̫Ǹöˡ
ϧϧβ̫ܰҪѵһ£ڮ̫Сǡ
ţ뻯󣬳Ҫһָ£
ˣ粱ĵбһۺ󣬱ԼĹҲվһԣƵĴ̫ȭ
ܺã羰ãʳããֻǣûеԣû磬δ֪ʲôʱ䣬ںˣҳˡ
һһ̫һϣڻ£ȥ緹
ôʱʱͻȻ߲ڴߺһӣӢˡ
Ӣ
ȻʶӢ˭ܿ죬ͲˬˣΪһ߳嶥ˣҲһļһȴشٽʵıȫҲ£Цеܵ˴ãξЦѽθ磬첻զأðϾĽ
㰡־ţҺ£
ûϵ߲ſеġӢӡȻһǸһ
Ǻǣ
ӢӶζЦЦһĿһԵ粣ɩɩá
Ӣӣ˵ǰһģһڣǿˮ˳˫üһ
š
粵һҲûӢӣͷһڲ󣬷в豭ĵͷδ˵ʲô
ɩɩŵθ𣿡ӢӲ˲ˮЦ
㡣һ䵭˵뿪ˡ
ȵ粱ӰӢһڰѺĿˮȥʱͱһϥǣƨϡ
ߺɹθ磿Ӣƨɲ
ɹֵ޲ۣ޲źۣ㲻ҪϱͲܲҳɩӣô
ǰɶǿǮưţĹǷһëǮŻοǶˮء
־ŸҶ췢ģɩɩûдģθġ
ӢӿɲڵΣСʱ֪һˣȻСò绨Ӣӻ֪ţ竿ǣӺݣǸҵĹӸָΪ飬ٹ꣬޲ȥ
ϾȢһȻ׬ˣǣҲֻȢһˣҪȢ檣ǲǴΣǴˡ
ҹӣ˭檣Ư˼Ҳƣʱզ죿ӢֻҿҶ롣
ˣ嶥Ҳ֮˵ɣҺ£ʵ
θ磬һ²ˣ¥һǣɴˣŵθȥɷɣӢüɫ
Ȼ竰û¾ϲҤӣ˵Ҳرȥʶһ£е¥
ﰵһȴЦǲ֪ҲȥϧɩӲ
ӢӺ֪ʲôٺһЦθģȥɩɩ˵ϾʫᣬȥʶʶѡһЩʫѧϰɩɩһͬģ
ʫᣡˮǲ󣬳Ҳ·סɩ𣿡βĵ
һаţθͷȥ˵ɡӢ˵꣬һۡ
УҪ£鷳˵ţȥŴˡ


8 ʾ
鷿У粷±飬üΣɻҪȥμʫ᣿
мＸģμӣ˼ҲҪΪֻȥĦһ£ѧϰѧϰ˵ҲϽѧԴǵ
ҲԣǲˣҪɲţͱϰģҴϣ٣һһãرǹʹ磬ѧ峵Ÿ߰˶׵ˣҲֻǰӻʱ⣬ϧڵ˫ʮ䣬ȻеˣֻҪŬܲġ
粰̵Ļξ֪ţ
ô˵ϱǴӦˣѹϲıʵ
̫ԣξȥʶһЩӵĲɣҲֻ֪֮ȥĦʫᣬȥ˱ĵطɱΪĺˣ˵ֱñ
ҰΪɲֻشſˣ
ͬ⣬εЦ߳鷿ŶߵսǵӢ֣˱һͬ߳򸮡
·ʱεó粸һöƣżͿһȻȥ
һ·У˳ʱͻȻһͣţͿһһģһڣųϵķȥ
ааŰζӢĴָ
ǣ𿴰֣ԹϾأͬļΪƵˣθͷİɡӢӵ
βӢӣΪӢӵСֶΣǶһ⣬ȵһĶֵأҳڶģ
٣ӢұûУǮ֮ǰû֣ҲҪιɺͰһӢü
Ӣӵĸף򸵵ãǱֵܣӢ䲻ǹٻңȴǸһĺңӺݸӢ̺ŵĵ̣νǿǿ֣ڵӺݣȫͬҵˣ
ֻϵ˽ţӢжǿֻ֪Ӻݣһʱ޶ɰޣһǻʵ
һ·е¥ǰθոʱ¥ǰ¥̨Ĺǣȫ䶯ˣ
ߺⲻ𣬺þòˣˡ
һһ֬ˮۣȵŮֱ˵ϣ˶סˡ
ţһһƯһӿϣҪסεĸ첲һʱݺݺۣ࣬
ߺɶأɶأӴݹ٣ȴѹڴ⣬ɺͳЩӽȥЪЪ
һֻЩϣأҲЩϣβ²⣬Ӧþ¥ˡ
ϵҲе̴棬ֻԱߵĹǣҪȱټˣһЩϲϲݿζˣЩ¥ŮӣεıȽ£ϱɲ̫ˣˣ޷򶨰
զͷһΣû
һӶó򣬱֪ǳͣӢˣ
ߺŹǲ˰ǾȻƲվڶ
ӢȻûθߣξԱοΥĻӢ¶ЦݣȻǺãղһԹҲòٹϣȻӢӺܷʺ֣Բһ˫ŨüۣӸͦŻ󣬼Ը̬ңЩɶŹӿĲү
ϱһȺǵĴӵ£߽¥
¥ľ𣬳вüΪݳ޻󣬴УڷʮŰŴԲȻڻ磬ȴ˲ٿˣռһΡ
ξͷһʮɷԲĴ̨˿һ赸ļŮӣĸװ࣬Ȼɴȴǣر¶֫ˮŤΪˡ
֪ЩӦþӢӿеŮˡ
Ӣӷֱú˷ϾˮȣߵļʶȤûƣ˾ۿ赸
ֹĽСһˣջĿ⣬¸̾ǰΪŴ赸ȲԽԽʵĸı裬ʶ󣬲֪ǰ뷨ǶôЦˣÿ裬Ҫı࣬Ҫ谡
һ裬ˣϱӣʶ裬ܵӢӺĿ˶ԣ򶨿ɾˣرӢһˮһˡ
ӣһ
ջĿ⣬һԵĹơ
θֻĴָͷСƱͻȻ뵽Ŵ˵ĶԼŵûһо֮
ë߻ʵԶֲܺͬҲ᲻
İ԰οͷһƹ¶ǡ
ӻǺþҲһ
һߣһ̬Ůӣ͸ңʵ򣬸űɴסεĸ첲⵨ľٶĵһգٿɫɬı󣬲֪ΪΣθоܲӦʮǣʱȴЩᷳΪ֪ЩŮ֮ԻȫǿڴӣȻûӣиֲ͹ˡ
ЩΣЩᣬЩģø첲м˲䣬ǵõһЦҪֱ۱øȴͻȻ֣μΪ˼İֳЦ̫ˣŪϣȥҿˣ
Һռ룬ȫˮǵ˶֪ȻҲвεӣǺҲ
ԣٷˣɣӺݵһˣǲٷദ󣬾ЩлأС˵
ǶƯԼŵŮ˲ģЦһεЦ
ǺǣôоĶӣƱһأĶӣǲ˵Щİ
¥ĹҪȡΪǶž黨ⵤĵպˣвҪ鷳
ӻͷ𲻻ѧŵ㰡
ΰ뿪Ц˵ǵλһ󽿵εεĻЦ
ٻƣһֱȵ˰;УӢӻһŮ㣬Ƶˣо͵͹ܵˣһҪģ°ѳֲס
ʼգλһʮһ͵ͨ꣬˵ȴиȣڼŵԲһ룬ȺȾƿԣҪ棬ȴɫģûɫˡ
ΪⲢԼˣһΣӦԿصĶ
ɫڣβҼϾʫɲϣʱ򣬲Ѿ̽ʫ֮Լż˹仨ȥˡ
¥ʫᣬʱȥˣСǻģպţֻˡ
ɶҪոտʼθͻȥˣӢϷŽе
ţ˲군ҲҪǣɣҴλƯһˡ
˵꣬뿪ˣӢȻЩᣬɩɩĿ£Ҳ
ʶȤûжʣֱһ·ص򸮡
򸮺ïСӭյٷ˺ڴõȺʱˣҪСİ
ʲôȥĦʫᣬֲȥЩĵĵط
ïǼ⶯˶ᵽʲô˫üһŵãо
ⶼŵˣ
ξ͵оԵ󣬾ͲٺˣңȵҲ࣬ûһ룬ȻǺ롣
Ȼϡ΢Զ˾Ųٷ˿ӰѰ˲ͬأïǵ
ǰɣӻ͡
λû˵꣬ͻȻһĺïŵһͣ亹ð˳
ïܾߺһתͷҲصĸĿʵӣʫְɡ
ïӦ죬α죬Ҳ͵ͷƼʫƴǾʾװ
Ŷ˾ʣӺʱȥܷСģҲСʶïϲ
δεͷͬ⣬粵ı㴫˹
Ŷ๫˵˵Ϊ޺ǺεȾʣξװ


9 ֮ҹ
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ͬʱҲЩΪÿƺʱᵽһΣϢ
ǰǷ̣Դӳ˼ҷ֪Ǽ٣̲氡
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粿λϣɫʵ˵ɣжྫʣ
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뵽Сʯ֮ȥģųһ亹ֱƸոմһ¶ʪ͸ˡ
κ¼ҷ̹ף̹ˣСǵӣԼҲùһ
ⶼˣ찡Ͳů磿
ĵױԹһ䣬粣˷ܵþʰŪīѴʣۻңĿΪҲа
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ϱҪ½Ϊ򰡣ΪǾҡŶԣǾƵģκΰһλһʫĳȣɣʵѹּͺҲѣϱ֪ҵĺˣɾˣ
ʫٱʫȻ߾ˣΪ޲ţҲϲʫ䣬๫һΣΪΣ
һյޣԽԽͣھȻЩεεζδ˰죬Żعһ¿ˮԺѸٻйؾƵʫ䣬Ƭ̣һھеƺ֮ˮءƣͬų
֮򸮣þöصڴС
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Ҳתü죬ܿʶԼĴˣȻʱյʷ֪޴󣬵˾ʧһЩˣ֣ʷת䣬ĳҲǵʵѧ
ǺǣЦЦѣʵλҲǵʱ״ʫΪижȣ黳򶯰ϣŴ½⡣תΪϲ
ҵСˣһ׽ƣÿΪҲĳˣ֪๫㻹ѧʲôʫܷΪϱҾ̰
һ伫ǼޱȣȻڵڲԼҪٱԻˣСԽǷԽоս
κΣߵһԸԸģͷǲˡ
̾һţΪʫλӣҵϧѾԻϯ䣬¾ƲΪ⣬ÿһ䣬һʫǾѾ䣬ҰԸڷϣˡ
ţء粱Ц绨ȴ纮˪
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ˣͻȻͣĵĿһŴˣ֣ĿȻЩů⣬֪Բ֪Լȥɶˡ
һ䣬粺ƳԷʱ˺һܣɵģʹߴٵÿһ𣬻һأ
תߵſڣֶ£ؼҡ棡ϣţ
һʫ԰գ粵Ц˲佩Ӳˣܿ죬ŭĿȥȴ֣ﻹεӰ
ⲻѧɫ๫ˡ粺ݺһţܳá
һҹע̫ƽΪһ׽ĴӵļѾ䣬޷СǸһ£ҲҪɬɣ粵ĸͣ޷Ƶġ
θոܻ᷿䣬ûü£ͱͻȻŴˣɽһߣݺݰߵ˴ϣһˣֱϣ˫ȭƵģ¡¡ľϣá졣
𣬱ˣ˵ԲôٴζҪ³ˡһĵ
κΣȴģȭͷǼһ񱩵ĺϣθоڱϿ϶ǺһƬ
ʵܲˣ精ǷһȫûСϸǻһƬۡ
ϣƥҵģӾҪҷ䣡ڴ츮ᴫʲô˵Ϣ
һݣȻֹʹı飬Ҳٱ仯ΪһֳܵףڱͻȻߺҪжҪˣжˣСˣ¶ѳֲס
ѽšˬŶԶԣٿЩ˿ˣҪˣҪˡ
Ȼ赣ɲͲԴ
СԽԽ죬µȭͷҲԽԽͬʱоⲻҪ๫ƨһֱʵ϶һʮ־нС
˵Ķ˫ع£˵ģСĸκڴһˡֱ죬Ƭ̣ܲˣϽ˫ֶŶ䣬ŻŵĴα´һԾ˷䡣


10 ӿڳ
ڶʱ֣һ粻ӳֵïηš
δ˯оѣʱſڴϣɫʮѿΪоո˯²ãƣ֡
ҹһȭñƤҲ֪Сǵȭͷզ£Ǵ˱Ƥ⣬δ˼ǣʹһʹģڣܺϴλҩϣʹ
Ϊεϲ˯£ȫΪ˯ϲҶÿβԾķʹˣʱʱʹһ£Ҳϵˡ
ӣóԷˣԱٻ˯ҲٰïȰ˵
֪ˣҰ·ù
ſڴϣ˵꣬죬ֱ΢ǣ˱ƣ۵졣
ƣ´ïһ׽˹СΪδϣЦҹۻ˰ɡ
Ŷô˵֪ʵ
Ǻǣǰÿδ¥ڴ磬ҲƣȻȥ¥ˣǸһƯ𣡡
ï˵⣬ϵ֮ɫ˲ʧȡ֮һЦٺ٣СȸӵϲˣҹСĿˣԽһ磬δ
ï֪εƢԣ£Ի󣬵Ҳֻ֪ζѣ֪ڵһڲٿء
εƢĳƺţҪһϥǰïˣȴûôɣչ¶ֵı飬޵ǣٷʼҲֻһǣǾͻἢʣĿį֮ʱȻˣ˱ӣ֮£˭С֪˭լԺ˰ɡ
Ӹ߼ǳʥ֣ïĴָ
һһ˵Ц߳䣬ʱŴѾڳԷˡ
ȻͶڣûмҽ̰
ЦһƨԣδֱӶ꣬ǼΪСŶŶҲŶŶΣŶȣһ⡣
ۣһһڽ粺촽ӿӾᣬŮɢ㣬ɢڷϣ⾪˵һĻŵһȻĿ粣СĹģƴ촽赲ͻƹؿڡ
ϣֻĵ򵥶µĲȣ粽еķʶ̿ˮҲ֪ǷģǱġ
УԷģҲֻˣѾߣڳʳһǺأԲδεȴпٷ˾Ȼ緹ˣһ֮ŮҹӦ
С㣬ôˣǰʵ
ǺݺݵһۣŶһԵĻЦֻǱǺˣû£ҲˣȥԷɣʱʰ
ٷ˵ĻȻï뻷ɻȴΥ棬ˡ
Ϊˣţ԰ɡ
οɲɵ²֧ˣȫҪ
ʲ𡣡
ĳ֣ץסεº͵๫δ̸ʳһ˵ĪΪ޵Ŀڽ򣿡
Ц紺磬һֻСȴϵսָǵƤС
ͷһδ粵ֲֻ֣ۻЩֲڣϸֻҪŻǺƯģοû˼ˡ
۰ΪĪ˵ĿˮϴˮΪҲȰ
һ֮£˵ⷬԵĻǱʶΪӦþͻȻС󣬾Ȼ˫һ
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ܣδ˵꣬θϽ
һ˵ڣͻȻƸоʱڵڵѮٻع鵽·ѩ죬ǱһƬĺ簡
粶ׯֱӣޱֱΣ֮ǰĽ̬γԱȣٶȣһ
ղ˵ʲô˵
λһųҳԱˡ
Ȼأ粻һɫ
ţ԰ɡ
θ˵ֱ꣬һ˦žһԵľϣĳһ͸ӡ
һپСǣɲⰡĴӵı£Ҳֻܼɡ
ɱһƣҪӡϲĿϡ
ͨ뺣θеίſǻеܱ𣬺ôҲ๫Ժôȥ˰һЦѣ㲻½ˣõԴǸˣƻĲۣŲ࣬ʵֻǱ棬ȫӺ˶֪ҶӰһѧ˲ɫԵķ㲻֪ҶЩжۣж࣬ѵΪҲ밡Ҳ뵱٣׬ǮԴǱ˺չ鲻һˣ𣿡
ζ˵ˣҪСǻ壬ɴһͷײˡ
ǰǵ๫Ĭãһ̾ɫҲ¶Сѣ۵ЦݣҪˡ
๫Ŀ࣬๫ۣΪˣƣԵÿп෽ΪˣԣΪˣͷ๫ٿһ£Ϊްϴˮ˹Ҫȵģ𣿡
һС³ÿһ֣һεǣУޱˬĳͷŶģյɱ˷Ⱥ


11 
򸮳дľˮľУˣ֪޷˺ͻȻижеưưƮ裬Ĳˣʱͷӱ
һʫˣСӣʫʲô
ηľףʢˮľ裬Ż
ѵʳʫ䣿ҿЩȤ֪ܷ֪һЦʵ
Ȣ𣿡ηʵ
ҡҡͷЩ˼СĲδȢޣнܣþҪϲˣʱӿҪݹٰ
ţϲƣһѧɱҪϣ㶴֮ʱڴ㣬ˣҪȥˣ
ͻһ£νָЩ뵽ȻĴ治֪Ǻð

һ·̾ߵ鷿ſڣƿź󣬷Ŵı㶳
粵ȻϴţҲȥķ䣬Ĺ뷿ԣָҪ鷿๫Ĺذ
ϴŵ粽ԣΰ͵ʵǡԼѡǡҪ͡ͼݡΪ򰡣
粴ӱջĿ⣬ƼڵϴڵϵκͻȻСѸϣЦŶ̲סٴһ
ͷ๫һЩΪްѥ˰ɡ
ԣ޳˫㶳粴ĲǹŴҹ˿ȹҹµĽװȻǰɫģҲģյð͹£ر˫ȣֱܱȴԷԲֱջƽһ㡣
ξþòЦôˣ㰡
ΪǺϣŴһŸˡǻʵķθ֮԰
ģ๫㣬˵ģʹİ
αޱȵα۾˵ϹεڣԽԽ͸Сˣƽʱޣȴչ¶Цգʱ⣬ͻȻޱ飬ʱܼʱо׹ߣһÿһ涼
ǣŮ˼к°
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Ķͷδ֣粣СƬΣΪƤСɫκѲ㱻οҲԷֳ
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С󼡷ΪƵİȳǰβ㶣飬Сֱɹ
˫ȣθоȷޣǽƴ˵㣬һ£ӦôʮЬӣ粸ζԣдҲӦģûˡ
ǣһֻȣһҺȻ󷴸ãٶһ䣺һ㼦ȣ֮󣬲֪кηӦŶԣȷе˵Ҫڴɼ£
βأѥʵʵİѥӷźãְѵõӣŵһŵϺ󣬲һˮ£ͷе̣Ҫϴ𣿡
š
粳ûоܾĽƣˮС
κѾˣӲŴ˵ħצԹԵıֺһЩźˣͲƷˣ
ԣμΪĵİŴϴѾʱʱصֺңǰˮԡŴ˰Ħơ
粺ʱԹְĦȻԹžƣ㷺ƽ˸鲻
Ƭ̣精±飬αϣı۾๫Ƴ⣬ʵޱȱİ
ãˮΰ粵˫ų˳ýá
ʱ粻۾ͷЦЦĿרİŵΣղϴŰĦʱĸΣץ飬Ƽ๫Ѿˣĵ׾Ȼ¶Щ벻ãԹţˮûȫأͲܶϴһ°
ĵȻٰ㲻ԸȴԣλᳰЦ
Ȼȴ๫Ц㣬ֺ׶ôˣҲһ£вƤڽѾͽϣţȥü޼һ£ȥƤŪЩٰͣĦһ£潡
˵ҪƣָףʲôȥƤģɫ䣬ĵȴһۣ뿪ıӰĿҲԽ
ȰŴ˵Ľֺ޼ϣٹһЩƤȻһЩͿĨϣĦ˰Сʱ粶֪ǺˣΰϴˮˣȥһˮŴϴš
һи㶨ļ뷢۵ʮָЦǲǺΰźַϣͲغ˰ɡ

ɻһ䣬ף๫ڽ
˫üһߵұţ
ҿ
°΢ЦЦ͵һʫ֣
ʫʲôʫôδʫ粻ɵ
οЦһڳижʫ䡣
󣬲üظʫ૵ưưƮ裬Ĳˣʱͷӱ
ȻʫͨȷδţĺǺˣ粺
ŶԸӰǻӿڳһʵõ䷶Ц
һԺжʱ뵽֣Σʫģ
Һû˵ɣôֵ֪
ߣ๫Ĳס˭ӣǴ忪ӣΪǶڻӿڳ๫ʫһ䣬ӦÿԶ»ԡ๫ҲΪڳԣ³๫Ӧڴˮʱиж¶һʫΪвΪޣȡȻֺһ֤ݣǵڶĿͷ֣ģ๫֮Ϊ˵ĶԲԡ
κգ精ȻܴһʣжϳʫڣڵҴλô죬׼ɡ
һϴˮ̿ˮ˫ϥ΢΢һͻȻһĽƣҪϥϡ
Ȼ๫ʫϲ̨棬ǰгһΣΪ޾Ͳ׷ˡ
粵Ļڵ˵ͬ
ģЩŵСǿɴûƹ
ţȻˣΪ๫ȥأ
˵ͻȻһתŵεһ亹
ʲôβһѶͷĺˮߴٵ
ɫͻȻЩŤһ˫ȣɬ쵽ǰͷ鷿һǣΣЩɬٰ֮һ


12 
һҹ˯ĺ죬˯߲㣬֮һֱź粣ϻص䣬ſºֱһ峿˯úһϵƣ˵Ҳ֣һһҹȻôˣǱƣڸǣǺҩЧɡ
峿δۣϴɾгţСٳϣѾˡ
û˵ʲôԹһԴ̫ʽʱո뷦ζ
һԴ򽻵Ķʮһ꣬Ѿ֪βܻصٶʱǸûеԣû磬ȴĺܻӡ
ԺͨˣǰѾγϰ߹ϵоûԼƺѹˣƼʹ䣬ԣڣоԼһصİӭ
ջǰ˼Լڲ֪䣬ִһ̫ʽ
ѵҾ磿ҵ٩
ʲôҾ磿粴չЦ
죬粱źֱ㣬õҲ˽졣
Ϊȭ֮ʱͻȻ⣬Խʱգ˵ǲҾ簡Ц
ȻˣǺ˼룬Ķ⡣精
ɫȱƽദʱյΣƳһЩߣҪƽգû¾Բ죬Ҫ̫߳ܺˣ
ʶ죬ֶ߽һϲϱֵȻ֮ɫ˵ˣΪȥߣ֪ܷ
ȥĶ
粲δֱӾܾΰţ
ΪмȥʲôĵĵطŴ˷ģ
ЦһգĿΣ죬˵ҲǲУǰԼ๫ûΪ޾ţ
ǳС
˼Ƭ̣ͻȻһЦţ죬ý󸣬ѧ֪ɽ⴨ɣ£ߵ֡
һʫ԰գޱĳ̾һƼ粵Ŀ˼ѵʫɷΪг
ģɻĶΡ
ȻǸղижСڶѣ˲ָһοЦ
粻ָ˵Цݣ޵Ϊ޲޲ֻЩǰˣ벻๫ز©һҲͰˣһ׵ȷʧΪһ׺ʫˣʫأ
ŶŶˣ롣
εĻ粡ꡱһЦο͸ֺγܿ͸أԼλ֮ǰ˳۵๫һһպ󣬲ʧ䣬ԸҲȫıˣԽԽĥ͸ˣ๫ʲôΪ֪һ棿Դ˿к氡
ЦֵЦʲôʫ䣬˼ʫҲ
ǡЦЦֵʫ⾳˲һζıſ죬֮ģȻ๫ʫΪޣΪ޷ȥߣͽС·Σ
粸ʫȻզģҲҹ̬
ţ·ɣ֪ʫɴΪг
粲֪ΪΣܲӦһδӦȥμʫᣬȥٵˣ˵μʫĶӣЩԾͻɣȺλʡ
һ֮๫ȻڳˣԼʫˣⱾӦǺ£ȴЩˣҲ֪Լʲô֮ǲ뿪ԼҰ
ȵңȥ·粳
һ㶣ɻҪ·Ҳȥ߰ɣ
ѵ𣿡Ц
У̫ˣθ˵
򸮴ǰãβſȹƮƮһϮȹһͷ˿ˮСɫľ٣칬Ů·һСģ¯УȻ˵㣬һġ
߰ɡߵѵ
ŻعĲĿˮĵͷ
˶û緹źȥˮǳʳ
ˮǣϱشºͣḻͨ˿֮·̲
δԽʱգûƳͳٶó״δֹͣǵĹϵƹֵܡ
˺ȡ֮ǴѺϱֻʱյʷϣ̶ʮ꣬㱻ȡֱ֮ڡ
뵽鷿ʷһߣһʵڳߵʲôңɣǴ𣿡
ʱյʷӦһǧٶ꣬ĩ֮ʱ
粶Щ·ܸȤ¶СѣЦŻصһǰͱ𣬶ڶʮǰǴɹżл³ˡ
ʲô
ԣ´󾪡
ôˣ粿εģЦ
ûʲôֻǸ̾ǴƽȴǷ
ûˣʮҲûˣθǴδֹǣܵȻ֪ͬʷչ
ɹǲиɺľ棿μʵ
ţдˣֻһЩСͷѣǰˡ粻ص
ʲôֻһЩС䣡ѵǻ֪ɹŵĽѾƥеĵزˣ
뵽ţͻȻֲ²⵽ΪʱʷıˣǿޱȵҲˡ
˼ͻȻʵɹʲô˽𣿡
粲֪๫ôˣͻȻʷǻصľļΪ˴֮λѾˡ
ˣ
βԪʷϸڣֻ֪һŶѣŲһЦЦ˵ðǴʲôʱȥһŰ̵
˼ҶλǼ£Ǵʲô°
䣬޶ȡ֮ģκϵǵļϡ
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Ͳգ뱻ɹ̤ƽˣЦ
㡣
精ƣһ⡣
𣬱ЦЦѡһ뿪Ŵߡ
ջ֣ߵɹȷǿ󣬵ֻƽԭϷңսسǳأװҴ룬θҴ뿪ս๫е֪𡣡
֪ҪǶ֪֮£ǰǧĳ˵ҰĿǻ᳤ģеô֪ǵҰԽԽԴҲԽԽ⣬һС峤һصũ򣬵˭ܱ֤δ峤ũأѵǾһΪĲ˵ͺʶ˰ɡ
һ๫һ˵¼˭ԳƵˣβҸɽͷΪҲһ֮ĸλá
ΪԣֻС˼ϧûҰģɹĸˡ
˵꣬һ̾ƼɫѾ˪
Ǵ治Ҫҳҵһ㡣
ң㲻˸һıɱ׷Ĵñ𡣡˵꣬Ѿ˵⡣
޻̸֮
һ˦䣬תߣȥķ򣬾Ȼǻ򸮣Ȼһۺܲð


13 Գ
û뿪򸮶Զ精ֱŤȥˣοɲҸŻȥò׳ˣܹԹԻȥңСòƺһͬȥЦ
һˮǣˣһ·ϣСĽкϣڿԵĽֵϣοһͨȻΪһǼ˰ˣһһЩվ⣬һ룬ھ׽еĴ±档
Щ˴ڴڵĳ棬û͵ܵˡ
ðð
μУڹ̨ϣЦϰ壬һ±档
ţԵȡ
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νĿĲ˺ƱȻԷĿĲǮôʱģλǺܰȫǣҲЭնһ͵ӺǸ򸵣˵ģɻ뵽һϽģξЩ
ϣϵһΰɡ
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Ŵι֪ҾͲˣһٰͲԳʺԳզôùء
ǻڵĳӶˣʲô취أ粣Ӧڸɡ


14 η
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ط󣬾ѾѺˣҳԺһ飬ùζӳѬѬζˡ
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ӲΣǰЩˣ磬Ŀ֮£ֻʵʵģֵǮ˳
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εĸۣ˶һһ㶵ģ԰գ½Ԫ˵ô࣬ע⾿ʲô
ܼ򵥣
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15 Ȧ
СɽӵƹһƱ֣̲סһЦ˷ܵĽƱ뻳С
⼸죬СɽӣıˣÿѾͨˣǱѣƷҩţݹžӢ١
νů˼ˮܱһЩ¥ҤӣһƬᵽΪΪǰӣǰ׻ˡ
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òֺĹͬĵȥ֣Ҳɰɡ
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Сɽһƥ뿪СʱͻȻſһսǴ߳ˣһӵСɫŮڵ
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Сɽһ·صɽկһЩ˿ܵĵ٩У˵ЦĽɽ
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θоܣȻҪɹŴ֣ץסλᣬӵӺݣ˴ɣӺݵĹټҸ̣ȻȻһ޴ıȦУ


16 Ǳ
ҹɽڣһƬģڶһ˿ܣ̲סһǷ˫ŶڣоƤԽԽú󣬱ѹƣڶϣ۾
˿ܱ۾һǣһӰͻȻڶڣһˣһѰĺˣһֻڻһ֫εڶʯϣӷ˿ͷŶȥ
˿ǰʱӻһʯͷָһʯƬд˿ڵݶ˯Ρ
γֽۣһ۾ܻ谵Ǽƽүǣȴɢùζĵϣһ˯úһر½ԪӣͬƵģսһ죬Ϊʧһҹϰˡ
ӣ
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߲һɸҰģ治С
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ͻȻ΢죬Щǵ˵ïΪȥôãδ°ɡ
İٷˣïСŴϰ书ѧһױڻ׷ٻǱأ־Ȼµġ߲Ц
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߲ţͻȻֳһӰŤͷһ˽⿪ֺǵȺõï


17 
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ɫһֱƽҲֽòԼ๫ĿĹۣȴû룬һȻʧ٣һ֮á
ïߵԣ͹һڣŴϢҵˣڼϱ߶ʮɽУǲϵɽկ˶ӣһʧٵļ˾ͽҺҵĹӡ
ȻڲɽկҾͲ³⸽Ҳֻʱˣ²˳٣ھȥټǰȥȶӵˡ߲

ͻȻ廰˵ˮˮγ֣Χ˲ϣ۽Ŀֶ飬Ȼ٣ĵվλ˹ٱĿŵĹȥ๫һγֵİˣƻܣǲָ߳ˣ߲Ҳǿˣֻһλᣬɼų֣Ҫӳ顣
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߲˲оίˣ룺⻹Ϊ˾竣ȲѶΪ֮˵ллҲͰˣȻ̫գ⻹û


19 կǰ
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21 ̹
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22 ²
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23 ҹ纮
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24 
ȻˣãθȻͺˣһ߿ͷһ߼СԵʱͻȻеϨˡ
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25 ֹ
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һ˵꣬һҲеˤȣһӣҲȥչ
ǰǵǲ˵ģĺһ͸Ͻе游ˣСȥТ壬ӴӦ
οЦõĿżˣ̾һ򸮵ˣƲҰɣ
ܲǶأ˶ӣ򸮻˭
μһüӣ̾һˣ⼸ǾͺúûȥϢɣҲҪȥһλҪչˡ
лӣ
ͳлһæܻطʰȥˡ
ͻȻмҪ뿪򸮣֮£ѯһ£ʱ̶һʱ䣬򸮶֪ˣҹǺʬħȳˣ
һʱ䣬򸮣ʮٸǻؼңֻ¼κŴˡ


26 
粷УСѾͷһЩ˼СС㣬ūضػͼĸ
˵粲Ǿǲܵģڼ˶ȥˣҪǲŻߣδ˵ȥ
ţ˳ҵã˵򸮹úܺãصġ粵Ц
õģū澾͸ˡ
˵ֻţԲ粲ˣϣˣ֮һСѾͷǣҲûϢһĵ£һŲ֪ʬħţŵ뾡취Ҫ뿪򸮡
ԺУһһ뿪ˣ̾һ˵󲻴󣬿˵СԲСιţǰҼӽҲǧƽˣʮ˶뿪ˣټԺ䣬˭ɨ
¿鷳ˣչ˾ˣͻȻҪԼ֣湻ϰ߰
һ䣬ͻȻһˣ߲ţЦЦǶǷǻ뿪𣬷İɣֻҪǾͻˣչǻ𡣡
˰ɣԼַʳˣҵˣҵûУʵ
߲ſЦһˮǵУϧȴͨ޵֮ˣήħ֮СҲΪ
ҵˣֻӣû뵽߲žȻ˽ħǼٻȥСǿߣǿɾˣϾֵе󰡣ҲЩѳֲסˡ
ˣñɣ
˵⣬ͻȻдһŶ벻๫Ȿ£
κ߲ͬʱһŤͷһЦݣεЦΪнֵı°
๫ղŵĻǺ⣿ߵЦ
ߺ˵Ŵι㲻֪Ϊϲô⻹εЦ
ߡһκҲϵйأӦ֪ɣ
һСǣȻɵͷϣҹжڼˣĽడתһ룬ⶼѾˣǲȥ˵ʼٸߡ
һʱ޷ΣֻܿԩĽеߺιͷߣʼİڿɲԩ˰
ԩǲԩ۰ɣ
˵꣬ͻȻһתȥüӽ
ӽ
룬ͻȻ뵽մɽկľϴ
ʲôĪǣǮģκٺЦ
ûߡ
Ŵ˶ˣֻƨƨߵĸһٶ粴üͷõһˣڷ󣬴ȥ㲻ˣһӶء
Ŷ
ΰСǵƢ̫ˣզϴŵʱͲ˵أ
޶ãһ۵Ѿƾúʱˣ˽ЦӣٷˣղĻðɣ
ԣٺ٣֪кιɰ
һڣһƦ粴üͷͱͱεĺƫͷͲ˵䡣

ĵװһȴЦվŸʲôӽ
˵һ䣬ȻʵʵˣӽƺҲûҪĵ˼ֱӿ粣Цϴζٷ˰æҾɽɽѷ˿ܰ
ӲˣҲӲµԱͽɲ٣֪Ⱥ˿ܣӲδ粺
£˵ܻţɽկԭͷĿϣȻǰѾɱɱ֮ˣǰЩ̺͹ٻõԪףңͷ󣬴ڵõĽǺܿǰǰ۾ᱱĴɻŹ°
Ȼ֮ǰξ£ӽ粻һ
д£ǵݣܴģӲкδ㣿粼ʵ
Ѿ泯͢ҽ쳯͢ʥּҲˣҪҵѺɺϾ
ӽĻüͷһ壬˼Ƭ̣ŻʵӲĪҪҲ뻤͵Ķ飿
ûӽ˵ţ̾˿ϴαٷõŮҮ裬й⣬ǧˣտʼʱ򣬻вң˵˽ұˮǣ֮ȷʮˣңЩ˵ֶҾ͵ģҪԣôѺϾ·ϣ¾Ͳ̫ƽˣ
ϸϸǰ죬ȷУһճȺʤΣǹغΣԲȥĻ֮˾
գҪͷȻһԵͻȻеһѴĪһǶȲȻ޵еģûˣɶҮģǸƷͬҪֱ֣ӰѵϣҵҪǵͬлҲҶ


27 
ӽ㵣ĿΣҲ벻竵Ķӣ˵զôأҮǱҪ˰·ϾκʧҪԴˡ
⡭
һʱ䣬ӽҲ֪˵ʲôˣȻεΪˣһϾ˾Ķӣﲻð
¾˵ˣӽʱ̣ʱ粱ɣ粿ڵ
ӽмĶЦЦæ˵ǣ㼲뿪򸮡

аһĿ粣ֳֺõ飬αشӦ
Ҳ𡣡粺ʵ
٣ΪΪðҲ룬Լ޹ְԺ󣬹Ϳɻģأܵõʲôһ·ϻҪĵ¶ޣǿˣҡͷ̾Ϣ
ⲻҲˣ
˵꣬һΣֱȥ
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精£һٸҲͷвô죿
һЩС粶û뵽·ɱһӽļƻȫˣҲû˼ǰ⵹߲һ
һһ磬ˮӪʦ㣬ˣ׼ˣζ룬֪զ£̾ӽٶȣĿ찡˵˼䣬Ͱ˸ˣҲʺαһ
򸮴ǰҡͷЦĿ粣̾ȥһ·̣һ·ۣɻСŸĥûƤˣҪΪҲһͬȥɡ
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˵꣬Ҫһʱθæȥһס֣һͳһСƹϣݸЦ·;ԶҹͣΪʱȶţɾС˵Сǡ
λû˵ֻ꣬߳һţʱƹӦ顣
Ȼ粸ղŲΪ๫ҪƹϣɺĻ⼸ֵģһʱ䣬СǻһƬҲҶƬ̣ɱȥ
ӷİɣٷСĻչ˺õģï빰˵꣬׷粡
ģôƯųԶţܷ𣡡
ӵѵСƹϣȻתУݺݵİѴŸϡ
ſտյ򸮣βɿЦһǰ죬֣ܰޱȵĴ԰ȴ˸оĹլǶȥˣСǴïһͬϾСǵĻ˶֣򸮿ϧˡ
󣬾ʣһûɶõ߲Сһδı棬򸮵һֵմ
뵽մͻȻȤרһʷɼȴһϣգСƵͷӡ
Σմ۾ЦЦҪҪһ
մòͨͷǺڰɫŲ˷һԷرװƵĺ«ʱһߡ
Ҳˣˣߵմԣù«͹˼ڡ
ʱֻоںһƵҶȣҲʮɡ
ȿȿȡ
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˵ţһߵǰ簡
һƼ˾ȻС˿һͱһѬţ⡣
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ô˵ңѵǶ֪κͿˣô֪ģĪǾΪǸ֣
˼ӣЦŽ͵⸮з飬ĶĿСȻƺˣ

ΰһüô˵ڶϼһҲ֪ˣ
ۣ
մһھˮӿϢŹЦģ˵ͽٷӣȥˣϷҲһֻ۱һֻ۵ģ
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մͷĻļͻȻ֪𣬲Ƕӽȥٷ˵ķ䣬ǶӲ룬ԺʱҪʵʵ˵𡣡
ˣ
ʵͽĵͷһʮıΡ
һְ̣ε˵ĳ嶯κΣһǶǸְرϼһմ󣬰۵ǰ


28 ܼ
ʱպֻε٩ˣʲôʱֵ٩ˣڣһЦеͷĵ޴ӷй
ԼǸӲˣǺɣѸĵϰߣɲҶӵݣѵմֻܻˡ
Ҫ뿪մЦʲôʱпգڹ氡
մЦαָ߾٣ָԵ뿪ˡ
ͻȻð򸮣κܲãر뿪оĵ׿յģʧȥʲôƵģֱŷ֣ԼٲŴˡ
ɷϣ粣ǱӢȻദ˴º󣬽ģϲһĸо˵ǱӣǱ̣ôеԼţúõĻߣǸͷϲ˽ѵȻ㣬ǴҲϵġ
ѣ֪ĿֻãȻʢ˥ʷ
ޣˣӢ۰˫ĩӰ˪
һʫ԰գһˣֳ޵ӵʫ䣬ԽԽˣҲ̾ǻһ䣬Զȥ
ͷҲûأĵۿɲƨȥմ˼ӹǣӲأ
߲Цһգü˼Ǻ⣿
㱻˾վ֪ˡ
ýͣ˼߲еӣӢˡ
Ӣ
һ㶣뵽ŷ͵ɰһ̾ϣպҪӢͺˡ
ãƼӢϣ߹ȥͷ˵Ҹʲô°˵ˣҤӾˣȻɩӲڣû飬ԣȥ
Ӣӿһƣӣеզɩɩڣ㲻ǻ𣬲ڼįɡ

̲סӢһϥǣе¿˵
Ӣӷཱུģⷴӳٶȣɲֻһ㿪εϥǺ󣬺ٺЦҵһǮҳȥθ֪ģԹӣթʬûܱȵùԡ
Ӣһԣûü³󻰣ѾϥǸ˻ȥ
ҿˣѾǴҴġ
𣬱𣬰˵
Ӣ걻ϥǶĴӣƵθ簡һҪˣұϳˣ
ʲô
һ㶣զ°
飬ʵͲµˣֻһֱҽܰˣǰҵںģһǮ˵ҳȥʵպҪǮˣ뻨ǮԼȥɣ֪֮ǮˣǮһëûţǰҵǱǮõĲˣɽˮֻͶθˡ
꣬üͷ壬ʵõĲˣҲ̫Сˣٰܶʮ𡣡
ٰʮҲǮӢһĿΡ
ƼƲԾӢɶ˼ٰʮǮ
оԼӢӵЩͬʵ٣
Ҳû٣ʮһ㻨أھȻЩǮ⣬˵ǲǺܶⲻо仰ôҲʳӰȻܺģҡ

θ˵ɶ

ɶû
жԶԶ
δŭʲôʲô竣ʲôǰܼң֪ˣѾӢӣǳ׵׵İܼԼ࣬ƭǧСǸȥˣСӣøʮڳԣ˵һµ㻨ۣզôأ
θ𰡣ŵֻиˣˣҰɣô˵
Ӣ˵ʲôǾԲģһӢһ⣬һ߽е׽飬Ѿϴĸ棬ˣҪ뵱竣ӣͱһ죬Сװշ𡣡
𰡣θ磬ҲôڰջҲסˣҪǰѰϳȥֻ˯ˡ
Ӣ漱ˣֻܶڵϣһ£ͬһͷС첲СȵģƵö
Ƭ̣Ӣ˿δε˺󼸲ŴѾҳǲǡ
ӢӼҪŭϽεĴȣһѱһĿ޺θ簡ĿҶͷ𣿰־ǰɲԹ϶ķ¥ɶǰͰɲܼȰ
ӢԽԽңĵװ̾һʼջˣȻǰΣˣԼ𣿻ʶ
ˣˣɣҲУҳʲô͵óʲôޣ͸ҹˣҲܰװס㲻ǻһЩǮ𣬶ͳɡ
⿴ӢӵΣξ룬һĻʳѾԲͰյϢʵѶԵǰ֡
ͬˣӢΪЦæӶͳһƱЦͻһˡ
۽һƳͫ˲͵ɴˣӢеƱ˺ü飬𾪵ǧ
ţһ㣬ȻĿ˵㣬θɲҪӢ
ǧ㻨֪һСѾͷĹʲŶһ¶ǧⱲҲŰ˼Ҷܻ̹̹ģΪʲôͲа˵ˣ㲻˵ջҲסˣΪʲôôǮ
˵θ簡ñүЩ˱أүӺ׸Ķӣ֡
ãٷϻ͸ӹȥ𡣡
һƱһֱŵ߲ŽеСȻӢҼ䷿һͿˣרź
߲Ӣ뿪á
߲ŻʱηӢûһ»٣
߲׶֪ʲôЦЦһǿƽң

θոհһ߲űֵЩǮȻ٣Ӣ˵ɣסĿջһ϶ʮǮأһ
һͳ׷ξ㵵
߲Ųͳ⣬ҲˣǼȻˣһ߳ɶǾǮٶɽ亣ζǮֻռһɣʣĶСѣס棬Ӣƽȥ¥ǶķÿνȥǧϲмʲôʲôӲмۣǮȻͻĿˣЩӢҿֻǾţһëѡ
ǣǺǡ
γɵЦ֪Լ¶ʲôˡ
ӢҿǲƴְȶӣѹֹƣӢңǳˣӢӣûˡ
˵ļǣΪ˱ЩӢүŻӢӸϳţڱ֪Ǹǻ
ó߲κϽӢҵıƻС
ģȻӸңȻа취ΪʡǮƣ


29 
⼸죬ԴӢס򸮺ûһ첻ѾģʣЩ˳ԵĶȽ嵭رΣ϶ʳߣȻӢ֮󣬿ɰѻæˣоǰʮ˵ķˣӦӢһ˶Ҫ򵥡
ӢӵĶӾһ޵׶һٷãһ٣ΪӦʳȽٵĹϵԱû׼ʳӢӵθڷˣһֱ߶ٷҶٶٶȳ˳Եĸ߳
ȥԿˣŵϽʼӢӵķ
һ£ӢӸоޱίôΣã£ܲͷΣӢֻȫεķԸˡ
Ӣסηһص⣬ǿɽհֻס˵ĳ嶯ȥһʷ
մһʷϣƼЦЦղˡ
οûմģżɽ򸮻жӣ
࣬˰һʮǮմֱԵ
Ű˰ٶࣿǰʱ䣬ٷ˲ǴǧôûϽü
ٷõǮȻٷ˵ģʲôʱ˰ùˣȥٷҪǮÿ˶㹻ճˡ
͹ð꣡ȻճԵģõģͨͨģȷʲô
ţûһٺ»ҲûٰʡԼãǮմȻЦ⻰ȴ˼ζ
ҵǮ򸮾ûˣü
ʲô룿մʵ
մ˵ȻǺܺͰ׵ģȴθоΪ̶
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ԺһȦе׬Ǯĳ嶯ȻճˣǱϾһϵǮûãҲһ尡
뵽Ҫ׬Ǯȴ֪Ҫʲôˣ̣Ŵ֪кܶ෽׬Ǯȴ֪Ӻ֡
ãҲòһۣΣθߺһСӳȥ
ϴεľ飬һοɲһ˳ȥˡ
߲źܿˣûжʲôֱڶߣҪһͬ߳򸮡
θ磬ҲȥӢƼҪţϽ˦һ⣬ܹ
üͷһ壬ܾͻȻ뵽Լڼӿɾ޷ˣһǽϿɾҪˡ
Уûܿڣ𣿡
εĻӢͷжһ
䣡
Թ
δһָ˵һĪĻ˱߳򸮡
ˮȻ󣬿Ǽϳľֵɾֱӷ˺üﻹͨ˿֮·̲ó׷٣̷Ӷ࣬ڽֵϳܿ⣬Ƽٷװá
ˣãҿܰ
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ӣˮǳģ¥ǼҵĹҳǰƣЩǣǽˣɪɪɼжˣ߲ЦŽ͵
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ȻߵģŮӶĵطһֻţǷŭĿ⡣
ĺȴûиһ飬ˣˣȥǰǼҲ¥ЪЪɡ
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Ȼˬȴûжκ˷ƢǰɵϰߣίҲҪ̵ҪˮҲۿ
ʾ߲Ҳ£ӢҲñˣ˲ſʼһߺȲ裬һġ
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κȻ뵽һˣͬӣһһǷǧӡ
ﵽҪãʵ
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θղѹµĻðˣЦߺⲻǱӵãҪȥһ룬С㻹ȥȺš
ƾһΣһĺ飬˲߽ˣһʲôʱҲ˵µĵطˣרŮ˿¥аʮλǺأɱü˵Ⱦˡ
Σƾɴδ¹ȻԼĸӵȻƾȴǿȡԵľˣѾǰֻ̤ٳˣΣٴҲһƾ
١
ЦһСӿ湻޳ܰ˵ȣҪӵԹǰ󣬿զַأɶԶŰľУ
㡭
˵ƾʲôȻǺεĶԼˣκͣƫƫͱ˵ˣȻǣ˻򸮵ˣȫɥʧˣԴ󣬱ٳţҲֵڵĶɹʮ죬ƫƫһ죬ΣԷٴ˶Լ룬ƾĵݰθˡ
Σ챾ûմ㣬ʶľ뿪ÿƾ
Һÿðӵ˧һ㣬ɡ
ˣһϲƴˣȻҲϲˣһǷǮˣȻƾǷǮǷһһнˮɲͰңǸѹӶһӵ


30 
ֺΣƾ޵Ѱ˼ӦʱͻȻżһŮӵ
ӣפⰡ
Ȼ󣬵ȴΪ壬һҲҪ˲֣ΣҲϸ
ߺСӾȻˣЦš
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ף
¾һĿһƾ󣬷ֺߵտյղ˵ŮӲδⷴεСĸΣƱһٺһЦʲô㰡ѾıǷӵģҪûõʲôôΪһ뿪𣿡
㾿ôƾ
οɲƾжڣָͷһǰ󻨷ѲСɣ˵һһʮһǧһӲһ
һҵһӵٺ»Ҳò˭ƾŭ
㻹һⱲҲ㣬һ࣬ҲòôǮɣʮݵġЦ
˼ڸһǧ
ƾɫЩˣթϾͷ
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磡
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31 ̸
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32 
ǿԣβıʲôֻĹӵ粵Сӣܿϧʼ־룬ΪԼңò׬Ǯ׬Ǯİ취Ҳֻƾϱӵ֪ʶССƶһ¼չӶȡ
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33 ɳ¯
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üͷһ壬һСҡͷ̾˿ˣЩʱ¼Ҳġ
һᶯʸӵģҲûʲôԹˣٴο
һСһ߲̿׼õĿհ飬һ߿æţһѯʺһһ¼
ֵ£ԽԽȣΪ¯ĹϵǸȣ˼ǹŰڸ¡
һۼ֤˴ǿ⣬ϲѸոպֱӷˮȴһͱúӲҲۣʮִֻ࣬оϵļȴ򣬲ŽЩԡ
һĻаӦòԶ˰ɣ
һߣǽ󣬲ڷˮУ䣬żȴ
λʦһĵɸ᲻ͬһλкһ£Ѵһڷˮԡ
һ취Ȼ֤ӲȣԣֻǾҪģԶ
εȻʹ˷˾ϵУԣڴĵɣڴˡ
ֻһһ˸˵ᶼˣЩǵûа׷ѡ
¯죬ӹ͵ķʽǼԣҪżȫգ֤ʮʮޱ˷ܵ
ȣȻ֪㾿ҪʲôǺþûΪ˹ˣģȻⶫˣҾͲʧˣЦ
ʱҲûмˣڵһΪһɣеָˡ
λСȻǶ֪ⵯܸʲôǰʮĿ๦ûа׷ѰͳһҲ֪ΪɶǸˡ


34 
ľ⣬ͷľҦ᷿ͼֽãüεӣͼǶǿι̣Ƕֻ֪滭һȦȦһƬƬʲô
һȦȦǵɣһƬƬǹӰ壬ģڴѾҺһףֻҪҲãװϺ𵽱Чףν͵
ףЩҪװȥǸ𣬶ЩͼֽƳҲҪװϣȥܵˣأҦ᷿Ц
װȥ£ǰǳɹˣЩӷʻøɡ
ν꣬ҦһͿ״Цһֻ÷Ըˡ
Ҧͷͼֽ󣬱кľʼ
񣬴ԺĹæµȻλѵɳо͸ˣȴҪǿʼı䵯ɵĴС
һǵٶȾˣΪЧʣûй߿ɲУοãһЩͼֽľͷ򵥵һЩֽǯʵùߣŴһѣһ½ԪҪˣ֡
Ѿ˼ֻд֣ĵСӣæȥ¼ܳյתơ
ڳ˴æľҲʼæߵĺմɵıΰŵ棬½õԺӣǵҪͻģߣպṩ֣ȵ
֯ɣϾŮӣ鶼Ƿ첹ڸǵĹҲܼ򵥣ǷƸרõŴȵȡ
ͷ۵ǣڴԺһҪֲѹӢȻˣʵ̫ˣͲպҪģϧֲҲֻ֪Ƥë
ѹӢƷֺܶ࣬ûʲô;ȴһѹӢʮΪһ֣С𽺲ݣ
ǰģʱʲôڶԣر׻ԣʵ̫ˣպһܴ𽺲𽺣ôоĶˣǮȻҲ׬ˣ
̵ţպƱӿͻȻ䣬α㱻˴ˣΪ½Ԫֿˡ
æ˿һˣгɹ𣿡
ҡͷһЦˣ󣬵ȵһƷһ۾ͿԿˣ
ɶɶ⣿òΪʦڵİɣȻҲһ⣬·Ҳ̫СˣҪֱ뼸ľ͹ˣαذʯ÷ʲôĶɣ
½ԪɫҲԽԽѿˣһʱ򷿣أ췿ӣľģʮ˵һͣȵȵȵȣĻʵ̫ˣѾǧȥԷӺĹӣҲҪˡ
οû½ԪɫЦʵһֵӣ
ҪʲôľģգϣǷǶͭƬõʲôƷֵȵȣһЩصģʮͨʮңһģֻʱһҲ벻ȱҪˡ½Ԫ̾
Ŵۣʼĥ͸Ϊͨ㣬ÿطļ۸񶼲һΪĿѶȣսӰ죬۸һֱǾӸ߲£ƥ˵ˣҪ˽ˣϡеƷͺͱһ޼֮˭һƥͬǰһһ
˵ҵҪˣ˵ҲҪһʮˣ૵
һԵ½ԪӶԲˣ㵵ӣ㲻ǿЦɣһʮɴͳͳɽկ˿ˡ
Ҫû£ȥϢɣҿæء˵꣬һü½ԪֿʼڴԺϹתơ
գζʱ䣬ľæ˵ǰæʵҲʲôֻһϹָӣΰװܰװס
ıò˵Ƿǳļ򵥣ȻǰıӲ࣬ںܼªһЩϸʵûޡ
Ĵ¿ɺα߲Űһƥǣ֣Լ顣
֮ⶫʵΪĽͨߣߵĻţֻҪٶ΢һЩͿʼˣϰƽȵˣ޷Ӧʱ䳤ˣӹҲԲ
װ˱ȥ󣬹Ȼ˺ܶ࣬ЩҡΣ͹ƽ·ʱʱˣһһµĻζʱһһĵ
μæһ£Ǳûװι̣æľǼӹ׼ˮࡣ
ʵıֹȥʱ䣬βٴ鵽ʲôƽء
ɹˣҪĸأǶζľе
ľһֱԳ֮Ҳĺܰڵõϰһӵϣȫϡ
Сʼɡ
ζֵ߲кһʼԺת
ۣһ㲻ˣҺƼݴκһ㣬ģһľ
ľҲޣ̾
ʵҪ˵һ㲻ǲܵģֻЩϰʱȻоرˣĳ֣ʼնľƵģûеԣú
ε𽺲ݺûֺã𽺵Ĺ򣬸ǴδоҪֱ̥ǳ˵ΣҲڲǣ͵Ժ̥ѵͷҪĲɣ
߸ˣƽԲʱʱľſصҪΪļޣԶ
ģܳһңȻû𻵵ĵطˮȹ̵Ķ״࣬Եȷһ⣬ϧʱ䲻࣬ȥ½ӿɲǮˣ
գ˷Ը˰ÿһϸڣ¼ӶѡõһΪһоף
ˣ
ľӦһ㿪ʼˡ
죬߲żϹתƣϣֻˣȴ˲ԡ
Ȼûиβ꣬½ԪˣһĵҪˣȥ½Ԫļҵȴθӻһˡ
ιҲˣ򵥵ĲҲͨˣɴֱӿ۰ɣֻҪһۺҪһڳֵ⣬ù
գα½ԪֱһװκõУȻ˵㣬ϣѾʮӵˡ
⣬Ҫһʮ½ԪУһۺ󣬷·ǿɵһΡ
֪ˣ
һЦ߲ŵ߰ɣȥ½ӣٻˮӢңҪӢ
߲ԣ΢΢һЦһ֣ʱƽȶУ½
һ½Ԫһ㶣ҿȻ۾֮۾㵵ôôһ㲻
ҵ˵ֵֵһʮ


35 
һ·УڳϵֻоС֮У沨
ӣʲôͺκһֱ̫˼ˣ
½ԪѾ޷е𾪣ƽȵⱲӻͷһ
˵Ҳ֪һͰ𣬿ɾҪЩˣ
ú½Ԫͣ֯Ƶ棬ͷбȥϢ
е½ΰӢӽϺٴˮ
ӢǺס½УΪҪæŴԺǱߵ飬ӢϽӽӣ½Դȣ½ԪȥССģСӹıˡ
ӢӻûüأͱεĻһ
ʲôθҪȥҼң
֪ͱϻʱأҪϢף
ӢˣȻˣ׬Ǯ룬һҲûаθҲ֪ڸʲôȥǸҵԺϹתƣҲøϣ½񲻿ա
Ļ죬ʻһʱǵˮǡ
ˮӢҴլ⣬ͥߴ󣬶ľ죬ʯ˼ˣͲҿ±ֺŴѹˡ
תΣǵһӢңһ³ͱߴһɵһһ䡰󣬱ߴӢӴ·
ӢӰٰ㲻ԸŤ죬źƤӢҴš
ӢӿҵȻŵ˼󣬾ȻĽеӣүȥ
ӢӿЦһεĻΡ
ûá
ΰһǰһҴؼңҹø̸⣬ǿȥɡ
ԣǲĿΣȻʶεģû뵽ˮĴ竣ȻҪˣһǺӢү̸
Եȣȥһ˵ţתܽС
չã˱㼱Ҵ˻ιӣүڣǽȥ
ţ߰ɡ
˵ţ˱һͬ븮С
½ԪĸϣҪεСԺݳʮӢӵļңҪ½ǿʮβû߼ͻȻһֽʹԺĸоǽΪԼڹʹˡ
ӢĹģѾ󵽿ˣźʯ·ԣһǹʯһˮǹʯȺԹ۸ӣߺˮϣǾţɵĴլȥĹʹԺҲ˶ˣΪ侳оţ档
ӢУαһŻ޸ˣλϸϸƷ裬о˺죬ϸĥƬ̺ԭոմԽʱ⸾˱ˣѪףĹùãᣬҲӢӵӢˡ
ùúáιӢһ
ţһ²廹ðɣӢЦ
ܳ˯ˡ
˵꣬һԵӢһ
Ӣб۳һӢӣǷһ˿Цݣ㵹ǹͦðֳ˰ɣ
ӢӶʱüеһ㶼ãͰﺢؼҰɣ
ΪߡӢ˵ţЦһѵ㲻֪Ӳϳȥ𡣡
⻰ӢѾʼԱĨˣ죬Ҫٴʱβͷ̸֣µģͱˡ
θ硭
ӢӸհĿΣα㼱ŶӢ˵ùãֶǰݷõĿģƼǡ
˵⣬ͻȻ뵽Ĺ˾ûأԴһתαЦżǼ޹˾һ²Ʒ
ӢֻоĪ˼ֶҪʲô̸ģ
οӢü˼ģٴν͵˼
ΰĪǲ֪ҼﲻȱЩ𣿡ӢЦ
ҵͬһ㣬ùȥ֪ˡ˵ţһơ
Ӣ˸ɻˣ˼Ƭ̣ЦһˣҲţҾȥʶһ£Ƿͬһİа˸ְ
ЦӢһͬ뿪ãȥ
ӢҴլ⣬ӢƼͣԵЦЦͨͨĪǬ
ǣҲǣҪϺ󣬲ܸоЦ
ŶѽȢ粺󣬿Ҳѧˣȴץʱ俴ϰ֣ѧøˣⱾҲ£ѡеˣӺȱģˣӢ
ˣֽ٣ʮпɶһӰȥУ޷԰ΣѵҪֹǰ𣡡
˵ţߵùԱ֪
εУӢЩ⣬ĿڲűõͬʱҲɵĶһ˿Ȥ
ƼҲ޷ˣðɣҾȥںδ
Ӣ˵꣬ѾߵĲ£̤С
ЦЦк߲һҲӢ˿ʼСĶ
Ӣţƨµ棬ȷҪȱһЩڱϣһĿ棬ЦЦҪһ䣬ͻȻ߲һ֣һ֮㶯
һӢ˱һ㶣Լ˵壬û쳣ְĿһ򣬿澰һ仯ջĿ⡣
ףΪʣһĸоҲûУüֱǡ
Բ԰ùãβ
ԣûȷһھˮеĸоӢ˾ϲ
ǵ²ƷƽԣҸҵǵУƽȡʵģʹ;мٵķաѣκθۣ;öȼߣȹģԳһ֣Ŷ˰ٽҵʻ죬𻵣ңǹ򱾹˾ۺŶһڳ⣬ɰ㳬һ£һѵıޣֱǳŴѡĶ˰ɣиĶģǱļ۸ֻһʮˣֻһʮһʮѣ˰ֻҪһʮ̤ʵĲ֮ã
εĿˮɺоеϢѣӢʱȴλùãѾԲ˷Ŀ


36 
ΧӢתһȦصͣ£תӢ³
˵ˣøһȥ͵ģͷİɡӢ˵Ц
¶һְҵ΢ЦǾͶлùˣ˾ᾡϹɣʱһ͵ϣԺ󱾹˾²Ʒڵһʱ䣬Ʒ͸ùʹãʹڼ䣬⣬һҪ˾ȫɣ뷽跨ĶһùΪֹ
ϸһΣӢһЦСһʲôѧѧһЩִʣԽԽ컬ˡ
ҲְҵҪˣʱղˣһҪȥæ׼ùõȸˡ
˵˰죬ȥȱ裬ڼȻҪŻȥҾͲˣڴ£ϣܰһ£򰡣ⱲӶгϢˡ
ҳͲˣ־ŵһ취ģġ
δӦӢ΢΢һЦתվӢӵ˵˼ʲôƵ븮С
кһֱȺڴļ˳ֱʻȥ
ϣ½Ԫ̲סòӺӢ˵̸Ʋֹ
š
εͷ½Ԫ͵½ְһû㣬Ҳ첻ҲĲЩԽˣԾͰҹùãӢҰæҹùҲͬˣֻҪйɷݣŶǣҪô˵أ֮պǵĻѣӢˣҪľ׬Ǯĳ󣡡
ĳɣ
½Ԫһ㶣ǺܺðǳǮռͷǻе׬
ˣռͷĻңЩǸε
ʲô˼½ԪȻΣѾµʲô
ҹùҪɵģҺ˵˵Ŵȡһɸ㡣
˵꣬½ԪɫѾ׺
ӣûİ½Ԫ
Ҳ֪ҵĲԣΪ˹ΪպķչҪӢҵĲģһɣҲеģ
Ӧɵģתۼĳɣ㲻𣡡½ԪĵɵЦһĿɵɵų񶥡

̾˿Ҳڽʲô룬½ԪӦúܲԸɡ
ε˻صɫøոպǻûüԷ˾ܵ½㱨ɹ
ʲô˿ˣȥ𾪵˵꣬С߲ţԺȥ
ϣСʼν˿ƣԭԴӵɴλʦͿʼĥ˿룬һЩ򵥵Ĺ¼İ£ϰٴεʧܣڰҪ˿ˡ
ʱƼǶΧһ۷׷ס
ֱ˹ȥûڣƼϣһɳһ߶ķľڷľͷ̨̣һϸ˿̼䣬ñֱ
ҿ˿ôͣ
иվһ˵˿ϸһɡ
ϸϸܽ˿ҿӦڽһ¡
⻹ϸȥͺһˣ⻹ãĵ
㶮ʲô⡭
ҪսϽ𳳣ҿ
εĻ֮ǰǾ䡰𳳡ѼƵã׷׽
Σֻٴѹһߴ˿һʵôģ
˵˿Ҫ𣬵ǷֻȽϸպ죬׳СŴǯӣһһߴ򣬵ϸٴʱǱ㽫ȴŵϣһ£䳤ϸȻˣ㿴㲻ɹˡ
ͣǵĽͣŤͷƼ̵̨֣Ѿɼ͵ĳľǿǵְ취ľܸܳһһ˲Уټһˡ
ǰ˿ȡ£ȥ˿۶ϺſڵȻȷ˿ǾҪģԶó˵ԶԶдϸȣ״Բɣæһ£һҿ
˱Ϊλ־ϲȴû뵽ⷬоɵʱҲϰˣ˼⣬˶ûаԥĿʼ
һֱϸĹ۲쵽˿꣬źһԺýʱ򣬿Էŵڽ̵ĹϣԽԽãУת̵ʱüҪܰľΪָܸ˷ת˿ʱͣ٣Ծ취һǳɣҪͣǰ׼棬ң˿ǧҪͣͲǰ취ʣ߹Ķҵˮţ豸պ˿͸𡣡
εĻ˼УСܵˮϸϸĥһĻֻ֪ܿǵǻˣԼʼֻ֪Ƥëѣһǿ룬ǣͬʱԼʱ䡣


37 
Ϊ˷չԼСҵļԽԽæڱѾУ֮⣬˿СһЩĵҲθʱ֯ָ㼸Ů಼̺
Զԣѱ߽ĥƽϺ಼ûѵɴܷŽľУãܺãСǿޱϣٽܷϺãҪϸһЩҪ޻ʲô¶ˡ
һ߷Ըţһֽ
֮֯ļŮɶķԸ£ѵɴ깤󣬼ԣʵӣⵯɴˣҪȥ𣿡
Ҫϰ壡Щͼоһ£취
ЦЦŻݸɶߵ֯⣬ǰĵɴ
ϰ壬ⵯɴ˯ģһЩߣǿտյİҪ˯ȥӻñˣһŮĲ
ģɺߵļ˶ĥƽšһȦˣҾȥԡ
˵꣬ǰ˫ƽڴϣ˼£ȥ
һͦһ䣬ɴ֨ѽ֨ѽԼоŮСߺ죬׷ױͷ˵Ķ
ţܰȫҲԡЦ
Ů뵽಼£ɶһСģѹһðѶŪ˲ɣȥ԰
ƼǵӵģЦһڵɴϷȥػعã˰ɣҶû룬ʲôȥһ°ɣģϲպÿһ
ϰ嶼ˣŮֻܵͷӦҲһȥһĽСԡ
СѾͷ߲һشҲͰʮңλţ֮£ֻѹ¿־壬˵ɴ
СѾͷһ£͸оƸˮһģģ˵
ף
СѾͷϲĽһѧθղŵӣڴϷȥ
СѾͷ˷ܵڵɴϹŮҲˡ
ûȥԡ
ȵ˼һû湻СѾͷ˵꣬ҲԽԽˣȻڴһһ
ǿҺҪһǺǡ
СѾͷСȳһȶС֣ţһŮҲȥ߬ԼҲʼı
һʱ䣬ŮҪϵɴ棬ҲֹֻǱȥⴲмޣˣҪһˡ
㿴ǣעһ°ȫⴲбΣҽķʽѱγ̶ȵʱ¼ףζɶ˵
֪ϰ塣ɶ˵ţֽһԹ۲졣
μûʲôº󣬱ȥһľѯʹùõǷˡ
ϰ壬ˣֻƤ֣СһţװѣŲȥͷľҦƵ
ԣԴ£СǿģȻ÷ŽȥˣЦһù˼ӹƤ֣һƣһƤ˽ľС
Ƥ֣ţƤϴ˿޻ë鲼ȵȣȻƤֵԲ˷Դһֻʵ飬ûɹΪֺĲү
װƤֺҦ᷵⳵ԹûУ
һ죬ûκ⡣Ҧ᷻ص
ţһ컹ɣԣǼæɡ
˵ţк߲ţæŸ
߲ʱȫεĳˣȻҲıְЩⰡΪ̫ĶʲôЬˣģëЬĴȵȣһѵĶû湻أֱϳĵ
Ȼ߲𾪣ɶʮˣѾζˡ
ûˣʲôɣԺеġ˵ţ߲ΰֻݣһֱ֣ӳ˴Ժ
Ժţһ۱𣬳֣ŴϺõĲϾɣǰ󻨷ӣ뵽⳵ˣǾĵĺܰΪ˱ӢҴȣҲֻʹˡ
ڶ죬ӢҴլУӢ䰲һͱ
ʲôҹҲŴӺǻͲ˯һᡣӢ䰲ĺߵ
Ӻǣߣ㲻ǰ뿪Ӻˣǰȥˣ¥ɣЦ
ȣ˰զڮΪˣΪȥһ˹سǣתġӢ䰲
ӢЦһҲٽҴǷԸһλȥȺӢ䰲ҹҸǰ룬ûɣ
룿ʲô£Ӣ䰲ͷ
ֶε°
Σôˣѵ֡
Ӣ䰲˵⣬ͻȻ죬Ժ뵽ҹʱ˵˵üͷһ壬е˵ʲôҪ
ţֻǰڵ֧Ҫĳɹܾ֧١Ӣ˵ͷ
֣㵱СĿ˵͸Ҳһ²ͬ⣬οǸ竣ǮܹˣھȻѵǰĽѵ𡣡Ӣ䰲
ߺǰĻǰǰ󶼿ʮ˰ɣӢ밡ԼӾģЩǮˣȴ˵ں֣ʲôӢ˵
ϵģȴ˵˳ȥڶ֪ôˣûжţţ㲻ҲͰˣѿΣǰľȥˣѵʱ򣬻ûֶʲôɫ𣡡
Ӣ䰲Խ˵ӢüͷԽ壬ҪʱͻȻˡ
ˣʲôҪǮģӢ䰲͵Բ۾
ֹӢЦ
ⲻǷϻӦģҪǮǾ˽ǮǮСӣŶûСӢ䰲Ȼ
ã˵ģҳǮҳǮ浱ò
㡭ðҾȻ˽ܺãܺðӢ䰲ŭЦ
Ҳ³ȥˣȥ˯ľɡ
Ӣ˵꣬һ߳ãӢ䰲ܻһ˦䣬תԺ


38 
컹ûξͼŸˮΪ̫ҪӢҵ֧ˣ½ԪʵòǮԼĻȫȻǲܵģΪ˴ԺתֻϢʱˡ
εӢ󣬷ֻйùһ˳ɻȴҲʲôֻЦùãۣɣ
ӢһţͱסˣܣԭļܹõȴӲӵģŴĲϾýںĳУĻļΪϸ壬ͼ쳣ÿһֻֻϲȵϲȵı̴仨Ҳ棬
СǧϲӢϣùϲЦ
Ưҿȥ𣿡Ӣ˷ܵ
ȻѾǹùˡЦ
ǾͷȥӢϲ
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ӢһεĽܣһϲתֶԣϡŹֵ
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֪ǰ̾һǸһ˫ҳûֻҪʹСǮЩɣǻǴѴѵȴӲҪåֵϢҸŮźڵΣΪ˱ӵĶ
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⵹ûУˮ͸ˣϴεõϢ˵ɸľӣֻ·Źضѡ߲Ž͵
·ҪȥģζɺⰡ
СľͲö֪ˣӦǽ·ɣǱ߸ҲʱսӦý˻ᣬȡһЩǳأֿɾĺԮöô֮λ߲ŽԼ뷨˵˳
Ŷϣɸͺˣ뵽ǰɸòεǵɹŶεĹƸҡ
ףԣ
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Խ룬ԽȻɸ˻ػڣĻŹؿɾֽͬһˣ
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ŮûмʱӦǹ˰죬ߵߣȻⲻҪðװһ˼ӣ˻̤Сţôûңע򵽱ˣ
ԽоԽϤ̧ͷʱֶԷһϮɴȹףڴ᲼ȹμΪϸòأףüۣС죬񣬾ǳˮܽأմȾ㳾
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СȥǱ߿
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˾ͽЦͣ½Ų߲üСղŵʲôûУ
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УҪҵǸҾܾʹ˰֣Ǹңԡ
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39 Ż
վסʲôеŻȴ޵ţ㻹𡭡
˾ͽ磬ߵһ̯λǰͭ壬ӣݵ˾ͽǰЦ͸˰ɣһ
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ٴαӣ˾ͽ񾭺Ʊһ㣬ȹڣŭ̧һţֱεƨɡ
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ðӲ󰡣˵ţſֱӱסŭ˾ͽ磬˫ֺҵ
˾ͽʱŭſС죬ݺҧסεؿڡ

ʹһһƺݺݳ˾ͽϣ۵˾ͽ콿һ˫ֿٵԡ
μæ˺һһؿڣһһƣֱſɰСӡ˿˿Ѫǰ
İ
θո̧ͷһʱƼ˾ͽϽ赲Ȼȴ˾ͽץסһ֣Сͺݺҧסʳжָ
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߲ŸæóһСУ򿪺ĨһЩҩָϣָϵѪͿĨò
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˾ͽǸŻ˼£ܵĲ죬ڰʾԼûˡ
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Σĳ˾ͽ緢ĶҪʮҪ£ٳԣԳֹͣ
ͷҲصĿЦ湻Żģ


40 һٷ
λصԼСסһҹڶһ߲ˮϹת
̵ҪЩʵһ죬һЩˣҲˡ
ν򲻸ˣʱҵһ̣νǽţ˼ҵ֪Ҫʱ˸߲ҵӭ˳ȻȿεĿС󣬶Էɫ̳
治֪˭ҥӣˣҸתȥأһˣʵڶԲס
һʮС϶˵꣬ߵ⣬ҡͷЦָһľƵȡˣöˣС϶͸Ͻߡ
λ˵ʲôܲܺ竵ɶӲɣҡҡͷ뿪˵̡
һ˵ʱͬƨʱȴ޼֮飬ֻ½ˣԺҲòҪڸ֪ҿĵꡣ
˵βգǲܵģ˭һڽϱǧָһȺǿԼ󣬾ͺƵģֵӴܣһ㣬õģͱˡ
ȥ·ϣһߣһ߷Ը߲ţȻȥ룬½ӽӹ˳˰õƷ˹ȷŵ򸮣װɡ
š
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߲üͷ΢΢һ壬ЩӵĻȴǺͿ
ˣѵ˵ǣ𣿡Ц
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Ѿĸҷϲģ߰ɡ
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΢΢һ㶣ʱ˭߲Ӧҹ򸮵һǰѾˣָţߴϢһʱ䣬ٷ˻ڻ򸮲١
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Сģ
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ţͻȻһҽУɵϳմһӱһƵã嵽η⣬ȴֻһĴӵմɿЦһתȥ˯


41 
һӳţЩģ˷ηǰźСӣóԷˡ
Ŵ򿪣߳䣬ụ̀Ըдһţĸٷˣ˵ЩȻ˿ïٷ˲ʱͼӣҶˣס
õģСȥ졣¿Цһת뿪ˡ
ζŲ̣УûûζĳţܷΪһʮһ͵ͨ꣬ӳǽ룬̫֪̫࣬Ҳ͵ûģĺͱһȣզ죿ǳȫǣճɾأ˵ֱأ
ǲܵģСǵĶ֣ǰ߸޷ͻҪξһҹҲ벻ͨ
緹߲Ż˵̵Ѿ̸ˣ½ԪװأƷҲѻУһ׼͵ȸտˡ
θоͷ̵ûţﻹȥЩ˵һ䡰֪󣬱߲ȥˡ
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ΪŻ£ԴѲ٣۾һӺ󣬱ĵӴҪȡˮȡ
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𰡣๫ūھ̺ȥڰɡŮ˵ţϽס󺺵ĸ첲Ҫߡ
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˵꣬ҲһʧŮӣѰٵĵطξ뿪ˡ


42 
αţе쳣ܣİ⶯󺺵ָʵૣвſҡ
һЦΣһ·ϵ¥ԺӺ뿪Ѱ˸˵ĽֵûץŵΣѿˤڵϡ
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СִĳȻ˼ҸоҸαأɰɣһŮ˶ѡ
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γԱݶ˱ȥˣȻǸˮ룬ҲҪߵģβò̾Լǽˡ


43 β
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ԣٴȥƼС¥ǰҶˣͳһĻɫ滹š˾ͽ֡
˾ͽѵˮ˾ͽҵĴ
û˾ͽҵĴ
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ѽθѵ֪˾ͽҲҪҪǱ˾ͽײզˣӢһֵĽš
ǺǣһŮӾܰųɴڼˣ˵˾ͽõʲô
ӢҪڣƼС¥ٵĴӴ̴ԱιŵӣȻΪƾٰһ£Ϳˡ
ƾ٣ƾٲڴ𣿡ЩͿʵ
ǰ͸ˣѽθ㵹Ƕһ°Ҫǿһ˾ͽԻͷ
üͷһ壬оЩԾӢô˾ͽ𣬶˵ĺԼҲһɻ֮£αֱѯӢӣӢӽͺ󣬲ɿЦҡͷ
ԭСӢӾûٱ˾ͽ۸˲ʹӰξְ취ȥԸ˾ͽ磬ֹ裬࣬ԷҲأǶĳǼԺֻҪγ֣˾ͽֳӣһˮǲĵطܾν룬ΨеֵϢһҸŮƣһȥģ˵ĳԽԽεҲԽԽֱǰ˾ͽ࣬ȥ鷳ϲʫʸ踳ʱ˾ͽ֣ˮĲӼ˾һССİһʫơ
գȻһЦŽԶȥ¥˵һ˵СӹҼңҲʮ˰ɣŮˣҲҪˣպ㲻Ҳģ๫֪ȻǾ壬ٲ˼ͥ˭˭ҸģֻҪһ㣬ξڴ˰


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47 
뾩ǣǰһţϢߴֻռغϴ£ֵУһͷӿХУ̶ȱ֮ˮй֮޲۴˾Ķʱ뵽һϺͼ
ˣѸĻһС;⣬ֵϢȾ£ȴʮճ˴Ŀơ
λ͹٣Ǿǰ´ɡŴĴӶľСܿ
ʰö˴һ·ֵ£ĴһۣɻӦյϢΪڻδ֣ȵǰ̯Ϣһ£ȵȿ
̯ǰһͬһԣϵĵӣ˴кһСϲ󣬱۴ܡ
ˮմȶһ£ڵЦʮûˣǷɰ
Ҳһڲ裬ҰҰ죬ĿҲܣѰҴ񺲵ӰеЦԹűǷ֮أгڴ˽֣ϧ̫࣬ûţһǱȽϲˮ
մбƳһΣЦЦĵˣ
Ŷ𣡡εӦĵȴڿЦ궼ˣܲ
Ǵӵˣۼ⣬һ˿ֵæʮöͭǮ㿸һţһ߶֡
Ҳ׷ڻ󣬴ʻǸǰһˣòƣȴҪǿ࣬Ũüۣһ֪λΪĿš
룬λԼⱲӵĴˣǰһڲĵĽһ硱
´һۣǿЦҡҡͷٹܣιɱٸΪ鷳ˡ
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Ŀ͸ΣȿһۻͷֱһĵӢӣĿմϣȻүӣһˡ
ӿʲô֮£лմ񺲣Ϊ⣬̬ȱȶΣǼֱһһء
ˣһ·ˣϽϳɣ»ȥģڣǰ
ݳᳵԣǰӻϽӹӣŻۣǵû̲סؿһȭ뻹ͻȻһԵմһŵϽմù
ڽŵ˲һͬϳܿͨҪһţˣӢӻҪһˣ˺
һ·ǵľɫһ·񺲵ĸլ
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˽򸮺ŮҶΧ
ܣס£֮£̸ΪﻹҪ£Ͳˡ
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δγͣһŮ㹧Ķ˵롣
οЦһմ˸ŮߵһСԺһµĸ¥ǵľˡ
νŻһͬϵ¥ķУ£Żʵӣʶ
˵ڰǰӪʮ׷ǱвïɣʽտҲ߲ţȴǼΪİ֣Ҫһ϶пܱ£
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ȻĹ٣ʵ֮ҵһҪǿ֣һӡ
εͷǷǴ˽ĵϸպ֪Ӧ
òãȥϢ
ۣȴ˯⣬Ҫԭ򣬻ϵԼŴˡ
Ҳ֪ڹôûб˹ԣ
汻ԣȻŭͬʱҲȻˣ˼ҪãΣҪ򣬴򲻹Ҫѿ࣬εӣȻȥ֪ΪΪ֮¡
ңദʱȻ̣ҲҪ˵ǾԲܵģһ⵹棬ֻһ㣬ܱȵһãֻ˵ĵĻףǰɣ
Ϊ˲Լڣ粣֮ǰ鶼ѾдˣҪ˦ҲҪԼȿڣΪһˣǶûӰ˵ԼǰͺɴˣԼڣϣܼٵʹࡣ
˼䣬ɫڣҲˣкγҳһٷϯ˲飬ƫƫû粵£ҲʶȤûеʣǵȵ˷󣬴һ̳ƣŵ˺Ժʯ¡
ܣ翴ڳ࣬ҲͷˣһҪַ찡
磬¾˵ɣͷûֱ̡ʵ
񺲺һھƣ΢΢һЦûҲˣ
һ㶣üͷܿ죬չüͷƽϸ˵һ¡
񺲵ݸһƣ֪
ϸ£Ѿï˽һЩĽǰȥȫС
գ粵һʮˣѺҮ裬תںˮ·䣬ʱ仯һн·ߣɾھɽϣһ˷˿ܣ˿ܽսУɱʮˣնɱ˿ͷĿ´󹦣һ·ȫҮѺκ󣬵õ˻ʵ۵Ľͣ͸ÿ˰һͷУξһְͬʱһ׸լš
֮󣬱ĵ룬ŵòȻ˵㣬һžµ񹤵̳˫գ׿ԽӢˬУоޣΪոֹ߳ɲʱٹӸ磬һӺݺ˵ķɣУȫŵĹٻã˵ֻ֮һҲΨһ뵽͵ĲſһʱĽЩӸǣʹޱȰ
֮󣬴ߵüʱͬгΣǰշ٣ƻᣬһһ˿ͬӰģޣ֮ϰ
ֱ¸ǺŻͣڵɫȴû˿仯⵹񺲴ΪȣȻ֪ⲢβѴ˽⣬ڴʱѹַŭͷԱѣᵣģԼ
Уξˣ˷ӣһĳͷӣѹ᲻ûؼҰ
һ̾Ҳ̾ȻҵˣûһڣΪ̫æʱһΣһֱû棬ֻïɶˣʱ̼ӣҵ룬Ҳˣ
˵꣬˫ɱȻŵθϽֵ浽Ǹʱǣǽģ
ѽҲ֪ϧų´зִ磬ֻҪܺ̾С
ҪܹܰͲˣ
˵꣬΢΢һЦֱһ¶ǣδڸǣ㱻ҾǺһöĴһĶ𣬴ζġ
¸ɾˮ󣬿ԼϽָ뿪


48 ʢ
򸮣¥¥ķŮһˮŵϣתԴ֮ϵιӣͷˣū̺ϴþȥòͰɡ
ηһŹǷ۾չǣˣСɵŮЦˮû⸣֣
Ǻ⣿ѵûź𣿡
⵱Ȼǣֻ޵⣬źҵĶүǡ΢΢һЦƿ´ʼϴ
ͭǰӣߵ
أ͸ͭʵ
Ƽͭε˫Сһ죬ͷһͳˡ
ԣεͷ磬ʷ̨רܾ١ӵļƾٽȥ˭˺¡
Ϊϣ̺÷٣̺·󣬲ϥˣˮ뿪ˡ
ã㿴Ӣ̻ʣ̰Եģͣ׷׻أҰأ
οӢ˿˼˸ܵĺԺȣ˲ûθڣͷ߳ãһƧĵط¡
һٶɻ֣ӣѵʧ
˾㵵Ŀ⣬ţ򸮴⣬ȻҴ߽һˣƼ˫üһͷеï
򸮰ïӵʱһ㶣ŤͷһֶӾȻǰԺһǵĻԣһϲæܹŴ˵ѵСľ밲ֹ˼۳Ͷ٣û
ΰڰ֣ïˣ˵ɣٷڸʲô
ٷ
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š
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СɲûٷˣӦò֪
˼Ƭ̣ſڳԵһͷֵߣȥ򡣡
ïαҪţӢƼǿһѬţ⣬ץĸͷܳãлĽеθ磬ȥģҲȥ
Ŀ̫һξͱˣҪȥԼȥ˵ţ˻һͬïݳһ·ֱǱʢɽ
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ͷһȻߣȴΪɽ£ųɽϣɽﲻϸգüͷ
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ӣȥɣС˵ţǣĴߵһ£˴Ѿͣʮȶġ
Ǿȥɡ
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ΪֻɽģȴûɽİοȫɽĶʵ
ղֽͬƾٽ죬ȻҪ֮ʱŻῪʼ㣬Ŀǰġï͵
Ŷ˾ͺãҲϣ·ٷˡ
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οïǫ飬Ҳ⣬ïʲôڹķҲȥѧϾЩ⣬꣬ʮ꣬ҲֻСɶѣҪ壬˿̿࣬ͬٲ츳Щͳͳ߱
ļ䣬Ϣúȥǰһۣｨɽ߳ڽ⣬ɣȥܿ߻ȺȺ
ïߵǰƼֱһÿڣÿǿֽȥֳеһ㡣
Ȼ˺ķô˵ҲҪ˳ֲȥǣïõĶӺ󣬺ò׽ÿտ㣬һСֵͯһһӣ
һ
һǶ٣һǮҲһǧöͭ壬һǧͷͷܲһ˰ɣСͯȴ˵Ҫһ
򣬲ÿ˷Ѵʱ䡣⻰Сͯ˵ģïһȺ˽еġ
һЦһá󣬱˦һƱһٸ
һһģûУȴ൱٣Ͼ˼㣬ֻһУҰοҪ˷˶ء
Сͯ˰죬šŶһϽƱóһ㣬ŵ̨ϡ
ʾïţں˿ɵһĿУ˳ȥ


49 ԧ
ӣΪΰ
β֮ӣӣһͨѣôïԻһ䣺ˣ
μȺͷһۼߵеգ΢΢һЦʱˡ
˵ţïùһ㣬ȺΧֱӴ˵ҳ㣬ף
һģɵĻ˵ïӺͿεľֹ˲Ŀࡣ
λעˣ
һߺȣʱ˵ϰ˵Ŀ⣬΢΢һЦָϵҿ쿴ˣڣŶˣΪôȡڶݵ죬ڴ˳𣬵ȻܶΪıȡʢ۵ǮʵҿԷģڵ߿жʳǮһĲʣľۣʾµĳ⣬ͬʱҲף尲٣һٶ죡
һƪۣï˵ĿѲΧһȦȺȻȫΧµҪ㡣
ͻȻȺҲЩ֪룬Ͻֽе԰꣬ǰģŶӣϾеȷֻ࣬չ˶ѡ
˵꣬ĶһԵïգգ۾ïʱĽеҡʱ䲻࣬Ҹӣ㡣
գλӣһҪƾٵľˣָлʢ۾Ķӣϣһٶ
΢΢һЦһг֧ݸһ͵ï
һΪƵһĻǰֵλӣҲСģǶպˡ
ЦЦǮ󣬰ݸꡣ
˿ͷܵȺɧˣرڿ罫ʱӵļУƬ̣ѾȺΧأҪе㣬һЩ˻̧߼۸ϣõ㡣
룬ȻĻϲһʼĶڶ̶Ӻ󣬱㱻̧ߵ
ţǱ߳µģʲôأ
ڵ۵ڶȺУһŰ£棬òŮҲΪ֮ʼɵӣüͷǰ
ԣһͬһϮذףȴȹװŮѾŤͷ˼ɻȺӿĺ󷽣ŮԺڣһŶ쵰ϣµö˲ë޵ĵز
ź˽ʱҲˣ˾ٴΪ˷ɡ
ȷҵǰΧˣҪ㣬粰Ҫң浣ᱻȺɢأ
ĳƺԺڵľŮӣȻһеĿģŴ粣
㶵ź󷽣һߺȺ˲ͰУƬ֮䣬ͻȻ뵽һˣһӦóڴ˵صˣ죬ȫعҡҡͷܰɣ
ŤͷǰӣһЦǾӶչˡ
ǺǣĳȻ뿪ߣϣץסҵ֡
˵ţ֣ƼҡҡͷЦĪǲ֪з֮
һ˲һЦȻȻջ֣Цз֮£ĳȻ֪ղֻǵһ̫ͣײ粣ʱҲøֽд˾٣ϣĪҪ֡
ӶˣĪ˵ֻҲԲᱻߵģ
ãĳǲˣ粿ǹټУξŮкܰ
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ӣȥ𣿡ïһӵʵ
ȥʲôܰҳȥɡ
˵꣬ЦеİеӣȺȥ
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ʢÿʱֵ֣ʱ򣬶ΪƾٽԼǸĳգдȫظľţΪУİãѹ죬ǱҪϵġ
ο糱ӿȿֺȺµЦ˵ĺ֣еһɲ䣬еȴʱڱ䣬ǧ򻯵ģԼ˽ԼĵģǺܶˣͬʣ۳Ժζĳ飬ɹƭ͵ٲνͬˣڴ֮⣬ǻһΪäĿӵʣøղ£Ҳ˰ɣֻҪ˿ͷǾ͹˲ֻҪõ㣬ԣܶҲͺҲ׬һʵĻᣬң۵Ҳó棬ǼĲֻңȺˣ
ïһһ㶵ģͷǮ谡
ƨһҪһǻֱˣһӼȻ˱ǡ
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࣬ѣŵ㣬̫أȻٲһݣøʮģǲںġκ
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תۼŪʮӣɰï˷ܻˣȻΪҵİһҲֻܵõҪ׬࣬Ψһİ취ǰʱ䣬ټҾһȶ˭Ӷء
ʢۣʢƮ㣬ͷƫҲ赲˰յ飬㣬ɽģɽϣЩں죬ֻֻ棬ʶһһ۵ĲӼˣɽϡ
Ѿ˵һУﲻˬɾӸ£ңɽһĺõط
ȴãһֱ粵ĳ֣Щʵǳǲע⣬ɽ˰ɡ
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˶һϮ£ӿ棬ŮľޣӢˬһ֣˲˵ĿĿУû˿ӳȻȻȺЦ̸ˣոմƶ£һȸԧͼ֮ϵϣͻԵ쾡£ɷˡ


50 
ɪҶ㣬ͷ׷ףɢɽ롣
˵ﾰУûε飬еһ˿졣
ӣǻʲôȥïսȭͷ
ȵȡҡҡͷ
ʲôʱץСͿʲôӲ˳ˣة࣬ٷˣնҪѵ
ï˵ţߣӣȻֱȴӸʱץסˡ
ҽȵȣû𣡡
ïһ㶣оֱָǿǯһоЩˣïһԭӱܣֻûб¶ѡ
Ƕ⡭
δï˵꣬δĻԾҸоﲻԾȴĥ͸ȵȵȡ
̸Ц䣬нԶͿҪʧɽУïŽеӣ㾿ڵʲôڳȥһٽѵǴֱ׳ة࣬Ҳκβ㰡
أηʵ
ï΢΢һһʱ仹Ϊ⻰ʲô˼Ӽ˵Ҳҵأվڷ絲𣿡
ҡ
ï˶٣ҡͷԳСǹ¶ûе
׾ͺãĲǽԪҲˣǶ·ϣһ˽ڣˣԱŭң˼๫Ķżʲô
ïһ̸ֱЦԵٷˣٿӰĶӣоϴ΢ĲïͻȻһɫ˦ֱ֣׳С֪ӵʲôӷģΪΪҵϧ
㶣һ۷ߺ޵ïȫ޷һԴʲôȻΪ˱˼ҵԸȥ
Ϊһ¶Ҫ棬ǧѵģïʱմߣȻ֮Ӻܿ࣬ÿ춼ڿ̿ѵжɹϵƤһһ㣬ѪѾ޷ƣҲڴ֮Ӵ˹ʳǵӣУֻһ뷨Ǳңӣ֮⣬ûκ
һֶ飬ïֻ֪ͼԲںβͬȻ޷˵˼룬ȴҲûҪӭǣïһʱ֮ŭ
ۿïŭҪɽһ٣ҪǸȥҾʹȥ
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ïһĻЩ˲䱻Ϩˣ֪ԼôˣĪǶʲôǽ߳īߺڣӵȾˣ
Ϊ˷ֹïֳ嶯δļһͬصС
ãÿĴͭϣ𣬼Ҳĵطˡ
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˾ͽüͷҪһߣ˼ãûһͷȴ˾ͽ
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ΪǹѵĽ飬ЦЦɣΪȴںЩ
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ĵԽԽ˾ͽ磬ͻȻһתȼĸ㣬嵽ͭһԺ󣬻ЦΡ
ˣһӣԾˣǲϧƷǮƣպ·ϣ죬ʲôСС⣬Īӹ֮ƣ˹鰡ţ˺ƺĳλٹߵúܽ˵ҲǣλӷѾüȷӣ˫ȫţԪ࡭
ˡ
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51 
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һԼŰվЩҡε˵ۻû˵أǼʲô仰֣Ϊøƨ

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һɾƺݹһڣԸŲtƻԻ͵ĽֵǺȻһǳЦ
ҹǧƮ䣬ꡣ·ͤǬһҹ̡ʢѩ£ЦӯӯȥɴѰӰǧٶȣȻͣף˹ڱɴͤ


55 Ľ
˾ͽߣС٣ս㣬ǰ๫ˡ
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˾ͽһЦβˬͬ粣ҲС
ԣ΢΢һ˼˲صһպŵһУü૵ôܣ
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Ҫڮ𣿡
Ұֻʵ£սĪҪ֡
˾ͽеǸ˼ȫͼӴףԽԽ󣬰ܵĹСǣסˡ
üͷ壬˾ͽ˵ģôԼߵý룬Ǵ๫Уˣȷ鷳ˡ
˼䣬ͻȻ˾ͽ羪еѽ𣡡
һ˲˼лعͷһ淢һҡε꣬ߵ̨룬һ̣粵ͻȻһɫŵվ˫ĿԲһգգ͸ɴ̨ϵꡣ
׳ˣ
֪Լİ񰸡ԪϦȻĿȫǣֻﵱʱľû󣬷Ҫһˡ
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ĻЦЦͺãҲᡣ
ҵֿһһ£Ϊʱʱ¶һ˿ˣ鵭Ц
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һۣǺƲµһ㣬ɾ徿ʲôȴ޷½ˡ
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һܱߵĲӼ㶣Ǿ㵵Ρ
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Ѿ¶ˣտ粺һʱȻоԾһ㣬ȻˣܺһԼҪллλӣΪסϱûǳ߰ɣĿģҲͬ⣡
żȢһȢԣȢСǼȻȢģҪһᣬǱϷӣҲ˵СǣܲˣԼţϷһϷϷ
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ɣ
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ԣǿ˵꣬һץ飬ֱӵݸСѾͷͻȥ
ˣֻһ̾ҡͷϧ
ʲôÿϧģҾļԣȲ֪ܵĸˣֻѾˣңһݣܳڶߵ
һ٣
ԹЦЦã˵ܴùҡ
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ͻȻһ죬ǰİ顢һڲȻĿУȻɣ߿գ֮󣬲šžડһ̨ϣһأŵ̨ʫĲӣ඼ĳˡ
ôˣ
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θȥһȥûˡ
๫ﱻΪ޴һ𣿡粵ӵıˡ
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˲ͷĺˮαԿЦӣ·˵ϱҲ˵尡֣Բס
ٲһȥΪ޲๫ˣ
Ѿͨ뺣αɣǻͷȥһﲻ֪ʲôʱѾʧˡ
꣬ïİ
θ꣬ȻͿïʵʵߵֻǶһжҿһ
಻԰
üͷһ壬ͷ˼ţͻȻڱһץסûûع񣬱㱻ϯ
ſʲô֣֣λǶŸʲôҰеȻȴû˶һ£ҷ׷׾㵵粣һˣ뿪ͤԷ
ŽԶȥһӣ˲亹Ĵָ֮̾ޣ˵ŮȢȺĵףɱӣΪ˵ð
ҲһЦã̾ҵǸоһ𣬲Ǿ䣡
ţû򣬾ͱҪȢ
̸Ц䣬ׯߵ̨ϣǸ䣬øٴˣʹûھеĲӼǣع
ۣսҲ̫ˣ˹ȢҲҳˣ˾ͽ纹յ뷽ŭ粣ڿһ°
˾ͽһò绨ӨмɬŮӵЦ粵ȷǿӲܵõټҵʶء
˾ͽŮЦݷ㣬ʫ䣬һӰ
ݷŮԣȻһЦѾͷ˫ʮ껪ˣδ꺢ͯһƤСҸ硣
Ҳ˻𡣡˾ͽϽģǵòټ˷׷Ц
ͤݺݺ֮ٴδһͤУȴͬ䳡
֣˵ûɣǼһ粵ķ㻹ءƾЦЩλة๫˵ŭˣ֣ݺݽѵһ٣ܽͷ֮ް
ȻȴֻЦЦδ˵ʲôݵģ˿ûûŭ


56 Ь
ء
Ӧˤ۵죬ͷŭ粺ˡ
Ƿˣôˣ
һֺһ£ΰߺһˤ
Ž㶵ïȵŸʲôݳȥ
ǡ
ïͷ˲亹ܵǰݳ
һ·Уξϣڽͷž⣬עһֱ粣вϵ˼Ӧ
ͣУξǰʱͷΣĺȵ

λһƴȻȻֱץţšСһһ·Ǿ㵵ĿУĹ뷿
ߺ
αƽ˷䣬ļվջͷͿ粽顰žһ£һϣҳˡ
οȻû⣬ɿЦһôдģ㲻ͰˣαҪԴأҶǳˣͲе𣿱ô
һЦǣðҵҪǵĸҽһ¡
ͣ
ԳһЦûҪʲôģʲôֹԶˮң֪ˣ
ʲô
Цһε֪ʲô
꣬ѾĶʱˣȻӻֱ׳
ΰһͦţߵðҾ˵ˣô£˵ʲôģӲţ¸ͬһͬһмй䣬ǰЦ̸ӣȺͱദʱ䣬һһζμѻ˵Ǻñϡ
죡
һεĻüֱε㵱ʲô
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ηŭķһ䣬ȻɵĶЦϤˣ¶еè壬֪ĿģҺܻܿ⣬ķ˿йأҮйأ
εĻ΢΢һſҪ˵ȻθϽڰ֣ϻ˵ǷˣͷˣΪһ˶ԣ޷ܵģһǻģϾҷһҺף뿪Ͻļްɣýةฮʲô
λ˵⣬ѾƼ粵ۿȻˡ
ȻƬ̣ƺҲܵȾ˴귢۾Цһװѵߺѵðһ棬һı飬Ҳֵˡ
˵ţƹ粣ţͷҲص˵һ䣺棬һͺõģġ
֪Եģ³粺ܿĿʱӦ֧ɲʲô֮ˣ෴ģСǿܣϣԼţֻЦֻޣһжֻ֪ǲܵģΪִԽߣǰ˺ܶ࣬͸˺ܶ࣬ҲΪʲôϱһֱûŮѵĹϵ
ïͰɣڶӱٷץк󣬾һֱСԺһǣŷſڣֻһȾͺãʱ򿴵Ŵ򿪣ӾȻȻ˳ĵ𾪵ͬʱҲһ
û¾ͺãû¾ͺð
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ã
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粲û˵ε㶣ƼӰ̧ͷҪ˵ͻȻͱ粱һӵϡ
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ΪҪ๫ģ
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谵ķУ粵֣⿪Ȼ粵£ȻĻºҡֵ𣬱Ҫԣܱ۲ڣǿԣҸϣ
˵ţȻƤҲ·
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ν˽ȭͷݺһȭԴϣǵĺʱֻܻλȭͷѹŭǿջЦЬӡ


57 
磬ƮУξУλһƬƬҶͣïĶСԺ⣬һգգĶٷ˵ķţöԽԽˡ
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˽̸䣬онǸæվװ·ӣŤͷһС߹ïٷˣ
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ïͰԣ໥һۣüͷ
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ʱŮѾſڣˣˡ
죬Ŵ򿪣粵ŮԸ䣬ְѷŹˡ
ƼһĻïͰɶæ߹ȥסŮʵٷ˵ʲô
ū澴ˮȥҪϴ
Ů˵꣬һǷ㼱æ
ѽĥ͸ïͷ
Ҳǽüͷ˰Ҳ֪ٷ˾ҪʲôӶˣѵҪȥǸ󣿶Ҷӵڻûѵж֫ˣ
˼СԺţŮææãŵȵݹ߳СԺϵȥˡ
ߣ
ïͰڵȵʱˣ˺ɣͳ嵽Уһȥ㿴ڵϣһ

һæܹȥ鿴
ˣܱʮָˣͲܸϢһ𣿡
αһ۾ڿïͰɺȻֱ˫ۣ˯ȥ
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ѶӰᵽϢɣȥġï˵꣬һͬΰϴǺñ󣬲ĵ뿪䡣
УξУЦţŶЦҹλǺòѧһҹǧ˲ٱɴļ˰
ⱾָȻȴֻһЦҲܽвѧӿɳƵˡ
ҳΪˣˣӦڸаɣβһ𰡡
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ȻӶˣպǲˣʡлӶУΪˣҵСС⣬͸Ӳӡ
˵ţóһƵǰ粴򿪿һۣһ˲Σ㲻΢Цĸлһ
뿪صУŽ˲Σü˼죬չüͷкһŮõҷи๫ȡ
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ҹѾε֮ߵýѾ๫µȷǺİ˷˿йأβĻҪأܴܿɺةںıȡӺݣ
精ܷβܵģֲïͰȥ飬Ȼ򲻴ǲԻةฮǸ־ۼأԲңһȴǺ֪ģǱѾڶүȻԷڣ粺ξ֮У
βò̾Сǵ˼ά˶٣һЩ˸ҪͣҪԶŴ֣
ֻǣû뵽λڱһ֣Լ̣ǳˡ
Ϊ˹ȫ֣ɲΣȻɷϣԼǵȷһ⣬๫̫ˣԼͬڻѨһһкܿܶӣˣҲû๫ͨŵԭ򣬵Ҳòһ棬ֱɡ
УҪڻȥйһ¡
ȥ粶оµûţ̲סܻطУ˯Σ㿪ʼһٵĥ
ҵΣʵܲˣҪصĸլסȻһΣҲ߲ˣҲïȥ򸮰ᵽУξ
ȻʱŴ˵ĽҪף㻹
Σ粲ȱ⻰ͱܾˣҪ֣Ҳ⣬ֻʮָ
ˮʱڴģܽ粵룬ԣһ
˯߲߳䣬޾ɵĳһ緹Ҫȥ˯ʱïͻȻ룡
סУξ󣬱ҲûֹڣˣǺιʣĪǣҪ濸ųͷԼʾǡ
˼ǰ죬ͷͬȥᡣ


58 ݷ
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λصú粶ʱ˫һЦ๫ֻҪƦ
ʲô佱̣
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ЦеģƺоԾСƽɲЦѵһ⣿Ŵͼı
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βҶϽһָкïһͬ뿪Уξ
ԷеԺʵǼԺΨһ֮ͬ¾ǸߵһЩ
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˼Ǽ䣬ſ޵Ů˽ǰλμλԲ˵ˣȻԷİ˹𻨿ݷˣ
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ƾʵܲסˣѹַŭ뼵ʣһЦݵ⸱ɫģҵȺա
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˵꣬ŭŶӢƼȻֲ뿪Ҳ֪£ֻΣҲͻĸ뿪ˡ
һߣƾ˾ȻûдǼܵݷߣοԼľӷ緶
ҡͷһЦƾ˵λնû飬ɣǸپΣ
ƾԣһ㶣ܿǱع׷׹ָȥ
뿪ֻʣݷٺˡ
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Ц˵ݷ٣΢΢һЦҪסһ׷󣬿Ƭȴһָסˡ
üͷһ壬˺ѵ⻹裿
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һ㶣ʱθղǾ仰ɰһ䣬װ鰡


60 β
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⻰ï˵һ㶣ԴʵǶҲûʲôܰ
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ֱ׳ʮӣӵϣҪŷͷʰʱһֵȻѾƼֻһϲȻûתȥʰӣֱ·
һӤʣʮ㣬εģ·θҿ϶Լ԰ѳֲסϽǰʰµıɴףֱڹͷϣǵù￩һЦϵĽҪסΣȻʱïһ壬䣬۷ףһ˶˫ֱӰθѹڵأ̼Ѫˡ


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62 
һϮװ˾ͽ磬ȥʱʱƿһۣٶе޹оЦԹС๫˽ʱˣ
ѽֲǲӣʵʵžС˾ͽ粻ͷ
ߺС๫СƢȴСūҺϲūұ֤̺ġ
޹˵ţ˵˾ͽϣֱסЦۣС๫κᰡСūһҪϸüĿģ浱ūҿǹҰūҲϲūĥһ
˾ͽıװĺܲ΢һЩˣܿŮӣοЩķ糾Ůء
˾ͽҲȣƿŮӵ֣ʮӣͻشϴţҿҪ
޹һûȤȴʮӣҲֵ˾ͽķԸشϴţֻһֱûʵʱʱҪ˾ͽĥĥ
˾ͽһңùƬ̣ϼӵˡ
ѽܱˡ
ūҲΪС๫ðк޶ɣС๫Ϊķأ˰
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һĻóһƣݹһں󣬴ŨľŮһ㣬΢紵ƾС
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63 
䷻һСˣŲļװ壬ĽĨľͰԣˮͰ䣬ͻȻһϮһ˫ţ·Ǵ㣬ú󣬻δɵļװϡ
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65 ҹڷ
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66 
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ĸ۸ߺһѹһʧƾãʱŵԽѣҲʱԵġ


68 ûһ
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˭ͯҪ̫࣬λ˭Ҳһн֤ݣҲΪʲôԵʡ
һƼ̣ҹȫͬռ룬йٺʦүѾλľһ죬۸ߺ֮ͯźȵ㣬򸮶ӣο
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СţӾûеȡƾ⣬һжǱݺģСǾˣСҲɵѽҸûɶðۼҲǷǮȱٵģ˵Ǽҵɶߺ
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69 û󣨶
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үԸ˾ͽ˵һԣȻֱӽг粣ЦЦ˵Уξϧ˽֮Ůȴȴ治룡㣬ʱ̣һŮӣӶأ
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70 ᰸
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үŭЦЦһԭλ󣬱㳯ͯţȲĵϸ
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һƣһˣպïεļһôͱץסأ
ƾú󣬸Ǵ󾪣ŵú䤱бȥĿ⣬ϣøүȻȴֻүʹɫʱ׹ָ˽е㣡ӣҺÿడ
һƱޱȣƭùε۾ҲֵĿϷֻҪûǣԼһߣɲǵ
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ʱƾү·һʱһۣۺɱĿ⣬΢΢һСӵĳԽԽˣ취Ū
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մīʱѾīһѳĬĵϣ˸ԣѧĬҪ鷳ǣȻǳĬģȴŵģԣóʱͲ˷ķ
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ʱȴû֣һҲգϾںΪأλƷԱڣˣܶţοȼëƤСأ
ڲЩ飬ʷ̨ҪŲˣ볯ʷ̨֪ͬǿͨʵܸܵġ
ЩĵȻЩ죬Ҳòϣ֪ʶȷ˶ǿ󣬵Ƕںܶϸڷ棬СˣϣСϷֱ꣬黹Ǻ޽չֻһܽ˰ӣ˳֮Ϊı㣬Ȼ


71 
νһϲһҳǸˣһլУƾҪ࣬ӽžһֱڣ˫ϥĥѪˡ
ƾĹùãʵǿȥˣүĹƾɣ
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ƾҲΪ۸һʱҪһ¶Էȴû뵽ܳᣬһοѾ׺ܶˣүˡɡ
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үĵģƾֶ׵ģүһ˵ƾ򣬶԰Լ˾ͽĵ׵󣬿ȫˣ
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ƾҪ֪ңԲܲ뵽κιٻҵĶУҪǴ̫ƽ޷ӺһҶ󣬾Ϊ˾ͽڣ˾ͽٲһǹ٣ôӺݱûҿˣʱǿΪΪؾ죬ԷΪпܣΪ˷ֹķǱ뾡취ҵƽˣ𣡡
ֶˣƾǳ֪ԼĻˡ
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һֱȱǣ˶Ѫɱ˶ӢţŻյ̫ƽʢһжڶԷû£ٶȥ޴ңҲᵽ˱ϮΣǿʼˣԼػ԰ˣһһǿƼˣʮǰʵʲôռҶף¸벻үС
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֮ǰգϰտɲΪֻҪ˭ǳԱů£ǽƬڷ꣬˭죬ǰүĶɱˣݺˣȺ˿ɾ͸ûˡ
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֪ڴģү˻ڿ֧ţǼػȻҪ֣оͰ
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˽֣һҰб˶ԣ޷ܣҪƽ֣ϵƣƾ˾ͽ磬ڵңֻҪӺһң±ңΪͷӺݣȻǳ͢һĶ󣬽ʱԼӺݵξ֮ذ
ӣŹӦÿ˰ɣ
΢΢һЦʸһ˦ֽһʲݵĴ֡ҡ


72 һ
ҹΰŴ̺ˣ´ڵ̺ϯӱ죬Ҫƣ뱻˯ȴ๫ǻ˯ڵϣֻɣ
ԣƬ̣㵵£С΢粡
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κһ˸һﱻֻҪ۾סϢſ΢סȻ˯²ãͻȻθо죬ĳһ£һʱ͵ɴ۾ҪŤͷ濴ȥɽţͷһֻСֵס壬ת˴⡣
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76 
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˵ţαת뿪˷䣬Ůо棬ɳźȴεӰѾ¥ݿڣǵŮһãƭӣоֹҵİұˣߡ
˵ţŮĿһ۵ӣʹ£ŮѧŸղģߵŷԣ۵Сָϻ£СֽϴһһƣŮһ㶡
ֻУһŮεϣһȴѾ򿪣ӽҹգһ磬еıɴΡ
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һҲûУò˰ɣ
ŮԼ뷨һڷţ޷ƿԽԽȴ֪ԼʱﳨĴͻȻһӰӰĸߴ󣬻ҪѰҵĲϣ
һӺ󣬶ʱѡһּץסһСĴսš
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Ů˲ԾҪתܣͻȻŴ򿪣һִı۰򣬱סŮʺһСϡ
ŮʺѣƬ̣СͨһƬΡ
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ΡΡ˵䣬ŵҸǮ˺ҡ
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ϰţһɻȸУ˫ۡ
ۣ
Ǻñ۾˫ǯ㣬ץ硣
нһȳţһֻݺײڲϿУһ̣һĵʹӲϣϯȫƨһʣͷ󺹵ͬһıҪʱԶ磬ȻʹˮĻᡣ
ʰһԣһŵĸ̨Ųһ˦ⲽϱǸ֣˫۱ϣܵ貿̼һʱ侹ûо
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һϰһһſ貿һԴбб˵ϡ
罿СˣɺȴѰŮӸԱȼģֻһ̵Ϻ󣬼ץ̨̨ˣͣɲкȥͱĲϽпڵϲϷӱܡ
ϾȻ˦ĴƨĹͣ£Сڵȶ£ŵӴСͻȻֹʱòΪŷֹͣ
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ûһУֻŴͣẹϵףڸղһͻϮУ˲ȥ̨С֣ߵû裬ҲҸ棬ɵ湻İǺǡ
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뿪ߵδһŷֱ߳ӳŷŻڵĲϣҲϵĶ
ܿ죬ξҵƱһЩӣһţ
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鼱֮£һƶŷŷȻûסֱӱƿУѷŹ
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Ӣһܵ۾Ҫ̽˫֣һ¾һζˮȻͻȻһ˾Ȼˡ
ӢһСһʱȻ
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θɿһûȤֻǺ棬ΪβӶѣ
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ΰһŸĽʺ޵飬ݺݹһڲˮ


79 
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ֽмص֣ǼԷ󻨿˹ɷݷ٣մֵķԪﳯ¥硣
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Ϥַ˲뵽һˣһòϵ飬ͬʱ۵СŮˡ
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θոհһƼһԾݺһŰдӳ£廨ЬСƣһŽһŵ̤ӵĿϣ˱뺷ľٶ뺹ա
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ӣˣϳһСԺţ
ظ˱һСĸκûǻʲôȥ


80 ָСԺ
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ƾŻĿݷٺȫɨӣвϾ̾Ů֮ݷٵòɹھ֮ˣ绬贺з࣬ɨһۣӰӰļ䣡
磬һҹ㣬ֻҪһ˿΢⣬һ˫۾ŶĿʣеعʱ̣ĽƾֻǿһۣջĿ⣬ǸĿƾٿȥԼİѳֲסˣ
󻨿ֻһˣ⴫еķԪһĵŮӣ˫ɢ㣬ʮ̬ƹǣӣǻĻþУ԰Ρ
֮ҹ״Ԫ֣˵һ⣬µһĻԾŮѡ˭һӵŮһͬԡһͬǾȥҲź˰ɡ
ƾԽ룬ԽĶҲҼУ߻ش󣬷ԸЩ˺ŮӣҺıֽΰѷԪҲȱһ𺳰
ƾּ䣬Ȼûע⵽ͷ谵ķϣЩ


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һ·񱼣ϵνץ񣬿ŽµŮЦǱҩ򰡣һ治ôء
θ˵꣬㿴С壬һ㶣ѾĲҪ˰ɡ
ԣϽַƤⲻãһֱӰˣƤôҲزˣһ˫аĴ۾Ŀˡ
ã
һڵסŰɽеŸʲôһֵ
Ŷ
ոֵָνе㣡
ҡ
θϽڰ۾Ҳϡ
ҲûãǻɻңҲϵ㣡ˣǰҴ˵ġЦ
ѾĿװ㲻Ǳҩ𣿡οЦţ˫֡
翩һЦӻóһСƿӣѬֻͣҪͿĨһڱϢ£Ͳɺҩˡ
ȻöҰɡ
θ֣ƿصطУҡСԵĵ뿪ҲŸ㡣
УïתؼԷ
ȻˣεļƻˣȻ˶ˣǾ͸ɴװɡ
ҲؼԷ
ͻȻͽһκͰɶ˵һ㶡
㲻ؼԷҪȥģü
Ҹ㰡ĴۣһգգĶΡ
㻹ǻȥɡֱҡͷ
ƫҪһȥҾ͵ȥ˵ڳϷŻ𡣡в
ߺ
ţоͷۣСѾͷ治֪զˣɱǿ϶ɱģҷ뿪͵Ը񣬱ס˭˵ʲôզأ
֪ʲô𣿡ͻȻ¶
ҡҡͷű˿ں˵ò׳ˣҲŲȥأС磬ҰѣʲôܸɵģΪūΪҲа
ǴǽǣҵСҪˡ
˵ţӻͳһƱݸǮˣ㰮ȥģȥġ
˵ģ
ЦеİһʵطСֵÿȥҡ
ɶ
θоԼˣɽղ˵ˣҰȥģȥģҪȥңѵҪ𣿡
⡭
ΰĿ⿴ɣϣһʲô⣬ɰɿƫԴװû
ïǻؼҰɡ
˵⻰ģΣǰɣ磬ֻǸղкһïĵס֡
ӣզ죿ïԴ
λ˵ʲôΨпЦһȻȥɣ


83 
һ·еУξҪ˷ܵ³ȴͻȻһץס
ǵҸղ˵ұãˮסһʱ䡣
㶼˵˴ˣסˣ㣬ĥ䡣籧ԹһΣ˸߲ҵĴ
ΰ̾һïȥһˣݷͻؼԷ㡣
ţס
ïͷͻȻֺٺһЦսӣǧԲٷ˵°
⻹˵ȥɡ
û˵ţһֱУξ⣬Ĵе˵ѾĿǰܱ۷𣬿ȥ
ԣƲƲ죬һԸĸΣУξС
үˡ
УξӭγǵͷָһԵˮıãҪס죬ŷ䣬ҰǲҪǨס
ǣү
˹Ӧһ繧С㣬롣
С㣡Ǻǣ
翩һЦʱκݺһۣס΢Цͷ󣬸뿪ˡ
һ죬һЩˣ罻һͬһ٣ԼˮںԺݽš
ãïˣݷٰȫͻؼԷαȥԷϢԼëס
ûʱͻȻоëۣƼվԣһƷ˿Ĳӡ
֡
ĵ֣ǵ翩һЦζ棬۾һգգĿ˵Уξѽ
ҡҡͷûұãЩ鶼ҪˣǿǻỳɵģŴ㣬в
С
ƲƲ죬ֺĿʵҲҲԣңǼ顣
£һ鷳ˣ̾һԼݺͼ򵥵ĸ磬СѾͷɴ۾´
СģСشģеӤʵ棬ʵΪԷûеʶͱ£ͱȡ֮ˡ
ɼˣȫûдϣ߹ٹӵӰ˵ǵƦЩˣҲ㲻ʲô˾ӣԲƽӹ֮ѿ͸޷Ħˡ
εоֹȻһ޶ģܱ翴͸йˡ
Ӻݰһ֮أ˵ɫġ
Щ˵ţͻȻСü૵ϴκһλ̸͢ˣܶ඼Ӻ磬˵᲻ǵж
һ߲ɽţһߵ߻ʵԶϵʲô͢Ҳܲˣ£Ѿҡˡ
ζЩۣ˿ûио治־£ͬ׼Сҳȷûк󣬲ѹ㲻Ҫ⻰ǴȥһӿɾҪųնˣ
Уҵϣӣץն档
⻰ɲǴţڵУξУïɡСڣԷɲôǱˣˣҲȥϾĳСԺУһҡϣȾƴƨĴڣǾҪѪģ
ֺܶ࣬Щ֣ͨðȥ̽˵ĸۡһСģץ˲ţпܷ㡣
͵͵ʹСļһҲв٣һֱڣҲïȥةฮһ⣬±ҧһڡ
һʵ̫ˣǻȥ˯ˡ
ڶ죬δͿʼǿƾһԵӣʱ󣬻ʵ۱½׵˭һٶλףĿǰŵĻ⣬İգԵμӵԵĿǣеҪ֪˭һ˽ܣ
ʹУۼһãվߣʵϣ·ʮδĶĿͣϣЦһϯλ
һԻ¹ԣһ䣬صڻʹУãʮŰ˶˽һ䡰л¡󣬸ϯ
ãС̫Ϊĥīƽֽš
󣬱㿪ʼȼʱе˼еֱд
ʱڿǣʱǷɿģڼ࿼˶ԣȻ̲סΪЩѹԶԶĿţˣòٿ䤱
ԽԽʱͻȻһ˵£ѧˣ
ͻأһ˵Ŀ⣬˷ȻǱܹעʱһ㵡
Ŷ
΢΢һЦŰʱʲô
ѧ飡


84 Ѳ
Դƽº󣬾ϰĸĽƾٵĽЧʣߣ֪һһڶ̶ڣѡܳһȺ˲ţò˵ʷı仯úܶ෽Ľչõߣ߼
ʹľٵУһԾһЦΣλ̾һ飬λҿһͨˮᣬٿּʱʸվ˵ǰǾȻ
һλ΢΢һЦǰһǰҲ̾£˴εԣ⣬л˾ͽ֣Ҳǳ֮˰
󣡡
һ䣬΢΢һЦߵǰ£ɨһۣȷҲһ£˿飬ֻϧ̬ΥޣҪջشͻ飬ȥˣܸԸ
⣬¡
Щٺܶ඼ةϵãʱҪһȰжᣬڰֵҪ飬Ѿ顣
쳹ֵը
վڽϻ⣬űӵ΢΢һЦһѺ󣬳һԵïЦӵɣ
ïǰδӣͻȻùƶˣŷɽգ֪һٶŸ̾ԼĶӣҲ뾩˶࣬ȴƫƫײһ״Ԫ˵⡭
κïһ·ŴԺŴʼν֣վ·ߣֳŶЦϲϲֽ֡
Կƾг񣬵״Ԫ󣬻УƼ֣⿪Ц֣¶࣬鶨Űݷã
ЦһҲ˵һƵĻ˱ſʻУͦضȥ
֣ôҲϲһҰ
һԹԣȴǳ¿֮̽ڡ
ζһƣһЦߺⲻ˾ͽ𣬶ղѾΪ̽ˣͬΪˮˣ˼ڰ
˾ͽָҡͷһЦǻʶ飬ʶ֮ˣ˽ܣµ˴Ұ
Ҳ֪˾ͽǷ̣Ҳò¼ɣĿ˾ͽ뿪Żͷï߰ɣûɶÿġ
һȵĿƿʢ٣ǽˣ͢ѡʼľһһ٣Ȼо˶йΣ첻ϲͬʱǣһЩӳΪ˵ģΪʱ⣬ҵ
һƾٽʿǣҪͬʵ۱һ£ۼӢУ˵ַǷ
ڻʹе֣εУξɾҪ徲ˣʹɹģΪҲһС٣ѾˣΣֻþƲ˺󣬴һãʡ̫塣
Ĵ룬̷Ų˵ֻҪǹٻңطǿ˶˵磬ֻˣҷ֧ԼɼҵͻȻƨˣ׽ϱĹù޵Ӣˡ
ο͵ģ֪Ҫʲôڰֵȥɣ첻źˡ
лүǸмĹлһɢ
β֪ŴʲôģƣµգһȺᣬƶʫ¥֮⣬Ҳûʲôˡ
İ
θ̾һĺվ庮ת̡ҹãδ
Ǻǡ
һͭЦͦŸ߸ߵظߵߣЦ벻绹ʫ
Цţ㲻ȥ䣿
ҡҡͷַǷȻĿʱ򶨻ᱻԷץȥ
Ŷ
εͷʵȻܶŮӶȲѣϢ¥У㲻ͬǻӵѡˣΪβؼԷأ
ֻ֪һ֪ȻΪɽ֮δؾܽԺˣ
ŶΪʲôθӺˡ
۵СͻȻЩ˵ճ˳͢Ľһľǳ֮⣬һŮȡͷΣҽΪͨ˵ȾָԸһҲԸͷһʱ
ĵͷ֪ÿҤͷƣЩͷƻȨܴ󣬿ԾܾӿͣʮȻһĽհߣﲻȻθھˣԹޣ⻨ֻһʱѣ˷ͷ֮Ǻͨ潼ˣѾûʲôˣԼյĻһپܾضܵӵıȡ
뵽ͻȻٺһЦѾͷѵƾòģûģܰɣ
ԣ᲻֪ʲôһЦаĿΣڰ˹ɷҪȡҪͨ黭ʫʸ踳Ҫһصı죬ݷ˵Ĵ幦ޱȣ˵ԷҲ˼մֵģò⣬Ҫ츳ñȷԪɢһ㣬ﳯ¥¥ҲȷŮӣֻǶǺɣҪΪҪӵھʮлᾺ
˫жţʼ޷⣬ôһ˫
ˣѾͷ˫ֱʲô
⣬裬ϴ˳¥һŮֱӰ˼ˣȴ˿⣬һЦջ𣡡
ε̿ˮҡͷ޸ܵģջҲûá
ҪǲҵɵģǿһЦصǳ¥ŮӣǸĲͬԼĺӵˮŮӣͨһӴյ裬ػᶪжף磬֮ʱ䲻Ĵ̼һ£ǾɼˣС
ԽԽͬʱҲզ࣬Ů˵⣬ô໨֪˿ɲҲһЩ
ξͲ˼ˣ˼һ£ȻЦ磬ҿӦò綴ɣ
粻ԣ֪أ翩Ц
˵ջûãҿܹϰٲСӰĴǰѹˣҲӲ
ǵȻȴЦԷǣָ˷ܵ磬㶨Ѳ֮ǿ쿴Ҵΰɡ
ԣŭѲȫҶѲ
ͨЦĸˣʼϵΣһ˵ŮӣҲĴʻ㣬ϴƮκյͬʱҲͦܲסǿͻӻĶȥ


85 
ƾٰԲҹнڶһ磬ϻݰݷ֮ﲻǽп಻һǳܲס͵͵ܵУξء
ȻһЦ̸ãҪǳԷʱȻʥּ´ｭϻݣġ޶˻ȥ
˿ͻȻʥּ˳ǱҪ˷ˣֻܼŸǣظ
߶˺󣬸ջᵽԺУͻȻ˵λС
Сӣ
ֹһ䣬ĻصУξǰһɿЦһ㻹ˣ
˾Ȼﳯ¥⣬ɹһܵꡣ
ߣΣģɻһսֺ
ߺǺǡ
κٺһЦȻҪҿԣǾɡ
꼥һЦϴδŵͣһͬУξС
δƽСٳһߣӣһߵҴӲ֮ɡ
˼Ƭ̣δڣͻȻһЦܵСٳ⣬νе磬˵Ҫ˱䣬Ҵиλˣ
翩ЦţĿŲҪ˭Ҫ䣬һʱһ
Ц󣬻һ飬㵵ŤͷȥȻ˼еĿ˶
㣬磡꾪ϲ
ô㣬ʲô
꣬ҲһԾȫ벻
üһĳʵʶ
εʻӿһת󣬺ȻһЦܵߣֱ۵ȻʶҪҵĻ֮ϧȴȵˣ
ʲô
ζûüӳѾɴ۾
磬˵ʲô㱻
˵⣬Ѿȫ˵ȥˣһ˫۾ҪƵãΡ
˲׹ǰĽ磬ϧѾͷòƶðҪԼƣ飬ƽʱǰͲأڣ˰һ粶УǺԲ롣
˵װףɶҲû
Ҫ֤ԼףȴʲôҲ˵ֻǽżһ촽㡰һ£ӡϡ
һ£õ֤
굱ıŭˣָεΣĺģȴҪ⣬ûҡ
˵ţ鼱֮£ƿ磬ףǰһˣ㱧ˣѹڵأת壬һĲס
ȿȡ㡭㡭Уɡ
걻ˣǰճԿ󣬻ȥоƵ֮ߡ
Үͣ
һС֣˸߲ҵĸ겻Ӹˣȭ׷εĴȣ˫ҲϵĳԴߡ
СȴСҪö࣬⼸ȭȥδʹֻҪɿ˫ţõݵĴϢסĸ첲ϥǶ⣬°塣
һ£۵п޳ܵͬʱֲϵġ
ŷſ꣬ϵĻҳҡͷ죬̾޵Уįġ
⻰˵Ͳ㱩Ҫһ٣κΣ֮ǰԸóֶԸΡ
翩Цţǰ꣬һ߰ĴҳһЦ£粻ģͱˣ𡣡
£
üһ㿴곯ߵʲôҩάѵİ㡭
ֱ˿̣껹Щ޷ܷĺȻ롣
Сһ죬͵͵һۣȻɬ˼ңĶˣοأ
꾪㵵Ŀ磬ʶһ꣬˵죬ûҪʣȻߵһŤˡ
Σ
һֱָε
ǲҲǳصģ򵥵ˤӼɣסؽڣһһεĺУʤٴνˡ
ϵĻҳû㻹û갡
Ҿûˣôˣʤһսߡһͻ뿪
һߣԶһֱڴ͵֣Ƽ󣬿һЦ˹
£ʲôˣ
㲻֪
һ㵵ΣȻ¶ˣ˶ʶģ˿̿һͿ粻ɺգλ磬Ī£ѻӸһ١
ǵʥϵʮһãλӣҪֱˣ˵ţһ̾Ϣһնơ
ϲ㡣
οɲԼûеһλӣԼǲ֪߲ҶԷڼԷ֣˵
ƲƲ죬͵Ųأƶ˼ʵ򰡣ңݷٺͷԪȾָǺ컨ýӴ֮ŮӣѾͼԷԺеĶȾˣСС;ɫģᡣ

οˣʮʱԿǳ˺ģһ̽ǲйˣ˵ɫĿϣһߺãɫͷһѵԼഺӻ
⻰˵
ͻȻŤͷ磬ѾĸղſݺҰ
翩һЦµİθ첲˫УһаĽĵţ˼Ҳû취Ȼ붼֪ˣԺֱ˼
˼ңޣ
һڣֲİѸ첲г˳޳ȣģѾĴ˾ƫƫӣǵù
Ǻǡ
翩һЦ˵˼ʲô˼
ˮĴ۾һȵĿɰ飬μ㱣ڵı飬ȥվӣ֪ˡ


86 δ
ԴϴУξ󣬱ÿ춼θһܣһǴеõۣȻҲͬеõۣΪһˣϺһëӴְɴˡ
ûα䣬С
ΣҿʮһӣҴ򡣡
ë
οȷëڴڸֶţëǸߣҲǼΪĸ֣ȴһҲѧҪԼ취սʤΣ˵ˣǶԿ˷һѣ˵ˣɷʡ
ɵοɲһɵ񼸴ǣһ˽ɣȹԼλ󣬶ûȨҪǺͻӾˣһСģ˳ɻΪƷ
׷ã۵ŴùˮңһڣϢ㲻ɣС֪ǻӺ󣬾ͲҶˡ
δïӹһ裬һߺţһߴӮң֤ʲô
ܳ߹ˡ
ԣˣʮһӣɵ
뵽󻨿һ£ò㣬ǰֵ˭ϲԷ
ʲôֵĿһΡ
ûɶ۾Ǻ棬󻨿жЩӶ΢һ÷ɡ
һˮŽˮҵݻظͣ͵֮⣬ϲģӺ߻ӣǴδȥԷֻϲԶѡ
ü˼Ƭ̣ȻֵǴӺԷڵģ
Է˴󣬼ڹУҲܴһЩ̫е֪
˵꣬ЦĿΣ֪ʲôϴݷٺ类ݷͻȻͻؼԷ⣬ǾǵˣȻˣҲԸ㣬鲻ġ
˼άǾӰƣȡ֮еοأˣҲǶڲֵģ
΢΢һСɵɲǹЦֻ˳ֽΧѣھǰҵǱǲ˴йأ㣬Ǳˣ⡭
˵⣬ֹס⣬ɫһһ㵣һۣüµ棡ԣҪӵĴﰡҪɱͷģ
ΰڰ֣ЦҶ˵ˣԣѰ·
Ҳǣθòƭûôϸһ£ҡͷҲκϽǰֵУ飬Ȼȥˣˡ
ҲһݵˣֻҪңգıȨʮʶ
ʱҲˣһҪ̤ϳ˵һûȤһͬȥ棿
֪νһǰѮһ죬Ҳһһҹ˭ȡõһǼԷڵ󻨿һλҪڽҹѡĻ֮
ûܵԺƴ봫ȥǵòЦҲû˸Ҵֻڼ͵͵Ц㲻ᡣ
ҾͲˣУ³ɲ¡Ц
㻹Ʋҡ۵
΢΢һЦʵҲ˵㱾ΣҪȺӱССùݣܳ𣿡
˼μҾݴţݷǶǰˣûϷˣڷԪ˵ؿζһСëԣҪʤӦá
Ӧ
еӣ΢΢һЦݻݷٶĸ飬Ԫ飡
⾿β񼱲͵ĺʵ
㿴˭ˣηʵ
ԣ˳˼󻨿ˣҲˣҪһʱûһϡ
㣬ѡ˭⻹Ρ
οЦһô˵أӴУݷ٣黭ʫʸ踳닠ͨԪ֮ˣ֮㣬ǣѡһȷѣȻ޴ѡôҲˣݷٰɡ
Ϊѡ񲻽ʵ
Ϊ飡
ʲô˼ԽԽˡ
ЦЦ͵ݷһļϣ϶᲻ϧһдۣûȺĽɣӦ֪ҪǶݷݷٳɲ˻ʱҲһδ֮ǰȾָݷ٣ԣ벻ͼˣֻҪݷ٣죬үˣأøȥлˣܵ㰮Ľ⣬ƭΪһСԺƽ˾գأҲӻʹһңԧ졣
꣬ãüⲻУΪӣȻԡ
ôʲôڿǺ
İ취ʵڴ֪ˣһҡͷܾ
ƨҲ˵ݷٵݣһѰŮӣȥ֦ѾǿˣȫԻƭͬڰôȻ޷ȢȴԽݲؽֶֺΪأ
ڣһδȥĴˣ͵ͬʱָоھޱȣǸ
ˣ룬Ծͽˣȥɣݷδ̨ǰѸղҸģ
һ˵ţһ߱ļȥ󣬻ϴԣóԷ


87 
ɽƳϣս߼ԷУƻԻͣϢһŽ޵Ůӣһ߲ʺ磬Ӵӿ뼾ԷǶУ¥ľˣ䲻˻Ҫ̧Լۣͱøˣ֪ǵ䣬ѵһչ̬Ļᣬܴ
ܽԷģŮӿѣӣҪͳ߹ʮӣʹˣȻˡ
ȺǰʹӴ㣬һ̲ͣ˹ɷҪݼݷ١
ڹʱ󻨿ıԣҪʼ˽Ҫʱ̣ݷǲκ˵ģκݷͬһ㣬һ̱ӣҲοˡ
뷿Уݷٴӻױ̨ǰͷǳЦȻʵ˼ūң֪кҪ£
ݷⳡԣмɰӮʵ
ݷ棬΢΢üҡͷ෻ϰټңһ׿Խūʵûٰհ
ݷ˵ûܱȵùģ¾ֻˣڼԷͷȻҪ¥Ҫ󣬿ǣյıԣɲֹҪĸ輼ؼһַԶĲ˵ͶķԪѰ輼йĵӣһλ裬޹Ⱥ
ʵݷˣҹĻ֮ɷң
⻰˵ֱ̫ǴСڼԷݷ٣ҲСһ죬ΪԹܿūңūȻָˣֻǵ겻ʮ壬ū潼˳ϵ°
ݷģϴңҽҹͰһСԺסպƽ˾֮ʱ󸸻ʷ빬ԾӣٰӹΣ
ݷٻû뵽ȻΪһϧимȴް⡣
ݷ̾һд⣬ūָмʵūһŷй۽ҹɰܣūҪߵģ
˭Ѿ֪ˣȷݷٵɿЦһĪǣݷеǵة֮ӣ󣡡
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һ죬ݷٷ·Уһ̣ӰУֱˤ̨ϡ

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ֱʱʵòУǣԪȻֲᣬ뵽ԼеıҲͷŹΣһ·ͳմָ֣


91 
һյ峿ϰԵĴ˼̫ȭ˲ʲôģʱ˵ѡ롣
磬Ȼ뿪˼ԷɻǺܺ棬˭ƺֻһûһ˵š
ΪӦĵӣһЩܰŴ˵롣
ǲˣоܶС⣬ȴ԰æñͼָ밡Զʲôģ
뵽ͼβ๫׸үȫͼǿɰѿ˵ҪҲҪŴ˸˵ҪïɣռصĵͼҪŪһȫͼ
ïǲԣӷԸˣȻհ죬ã˱һᣬߵСٳϣʱѾ˰Сٳϵʯϴɾֽ̺ţһľ̿ӶݿʼƵͼ
йŴͼķչǧʷֱ峯ųһģϴϸĵͼڵĴ룬Ǹİٶ꣬ڴĵͼģֻǻһʡǵɽ͹ٵҲһŶѣΪ
Ҫģɽٵ⣬ñǷţСע⣬ش˵صزһļƫƧСȵȡ
֪֪Сж٣ǵģֻǴ˽⵽ã鵽һͻһˣ⿿ïɶˣȻġ
ķʽһʱʻţï棬Сë·߻ɺͻԲͣķ鼮Ѱйصͼ·ߡزĵȵϡ
ϱӵļ䣬εĻƽչ죬ʱѾһŵȫͼΪ󣬳һ壬һɶųֽƴӶɣ⹤ν󣬵ǣȱģʱ䡣
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Ϊһ˼ҽ㣬ҪװۣԱ㾯˲ˣǱ˵ź
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٣ˣǲͬȹ꣬ǿɶҪﵽͷˡЦ
ƲŴӾлعЦЦ֣ԣӦýʮû㻹Ǵ˾ϲ
ֿڵˣúúÿǺȾȥ˵Բԡ
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ƾıӰҡҡͷε˰˵ΣٻţʮӴ󣬱ٲŷ֣˵ȷЩСǼ
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ΣһǶҲˣֱͬֱУξȥ


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˵ϰߣһСطһţҪڻͻؼңοǵأ
ţλǣ´Ԫ
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ԪûĵһΣȻЦλˣĪǾ״ԪˣͰˣ

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΢΢һЦãֻ
˵ţ죬ëʣһдһֲнΪ򣡡

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ŶҲҪˡ
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˵Ц䣬ֻܿЦţһ߳Էһ߽ˡ


97 й
෹صʱڿӹóľʯЦЩǱ¸ңԶĲϡ
һЦԶȷдôˣ˹صĶ㡣
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ѡ
ͻȻǰ㶣ѯʵôˣ
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98 ɨ
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գӤһ·ֱӵڣֱӰɵۡ

Ҳ̲סˣƿӣʮ󽫾ͱˡ

һΣ˾ͽ֣ͬģ׾ٸ˧

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οɲԺˣˣҪȥʱͿ΢Ц


99 ϳ
ںԺӣȻƣÿյ飬оӦرϣÿĸϵԺ˯½۴ԽԽء
ͬĺҹĸԪ̺ϴã߳䣬ï׼˰ɡ
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100 ʮ
ÿգζУξԺͻʹһߵм尾ͬʱһ棬Ҳ׼͸Ŵ˵ĶһԶ
ЩٵԶͬһΰģԶʸߣСɣȺЩȫͬ˲tʱĲʺɺۣԵ࣬Ϊ㡣
ⶫȻó͢ɵȥֻýï͵ݾӪ粡
ݾƻңΪ˷ֹïᣬ٣ҪһͨκιؿƣΪԶЩǶܴܿ󷽵ľͽƽ
ԶơӶ׼˰ɡοʰï
˷ģСĲǵһγˣ
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εͷͻȻͳһ飬ݸï·ݣݿǴѩ׷ˣⶫ̸ţõϡ
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½ԪĵȻǴһƷǵƷƷַ࣬õһȫ½Ԫʲôһ׺֪ͨѡϲġ
ף磬ʲôЬӰЬ׻ӵģһ˫ЬĽе
ҲͣһֱϣУξƽ̹Сٳ˼ȦƮˣ˵ɴ۾һľ㵡
棬档ȥסΣĺЬԼڽϡ
ⶫڼԦˣСıˤˡ
θһһ࣬ϲĽŤͷȥСɫڵɴϹȥƨһһ䣬˵УξŮߺܿ
Σⴲһ͵ȥ
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ҲΪʲôһܵӺݾˣܿһֱǱӺŻֻڷּƻԶ֮ء
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ѵСӣڱС
θоԼԴˣǱ̫ƽﲻ֪жѪɱҪҪһ·ȵ˹ʱɵɵͷء
˵Ҫ·Ŀǰ·ǻӺݶѣڻܻȥΪǺִگһŴˣʲôͻ֪ͨ粣ֱӻӺˣôһڶһҪȡϵ͸ˡ
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ڰɺͻѾɳȥ۲ĶǷ쳣üʱ֪
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ʱǼзСԺѾŵİ˱󣬿ˣԶԶԭ򣬻ȼǵĹεΪӾΪ
ǣǴ׸ٲǣ̾ᣬʮ·ѩµ£һѶѣΨһܸůģ֪ͬ壬һЩǣʩһࡣ
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ңѩµļ󣬼ҪѩˣеݱǿԼ£Щ󣬱˵£һܷͦһ⡣
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ڣܱɵĽ죬ֽۣεɾһιơ
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ѵ֪ɾŴѩڻѾǱĵأ˵ݵľӣѾɥҪ뿪ǣӱܵĸҲϷŹǶôУôɾһǱȻʧذĪǲף
ﺺ˵꣬˸͵԰УξȻǱ׵Уξһ׽㸸׵ϣŴӦģʮѲǣֹѾίˣ֮£¹شһŮޣԴΣ㻹ǼѲȥɡ
ջ𣬵δǶﺺְͷ˴ʧ֣
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ܣ
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⻰˵ļȻڳ֮УһΪ粱ƽƾ콫䣬Ҳֻ΢Ц̸٩ߣͼӴף˵˫üһ
ϣ
һ߿ĵ𣬼ĽͻȻоһŵͷһҧϵݣݺҧһƬѪ


101 Ǯ
Ϊһڿ죬㱻粸Ūˣο޹ؽҪء
Ľ죬Ϊʤν˲ò࣬ȻòȴͳĴ󽫣ڵܣڳĽУ˧ﺺʤ϶֣һ֮֮ˡ
Ȼˣģ䵶ʱһ˫ѩ۾ʤ˫ϥһҪˡ
󵨣
´нֹ·ϵľٶ
ĿɨˣǱ׵Уξңͬ£֮ӵԴˣ
粵Ļڽһȷʵڴ볯ֻҪǱ׵ĹԱǾһ⻷˭ǣǾͬʵۣ۹̥ˣ鰡
ԣµ˺Ժ󣬱ЦʱŻذĵĸû˸ҵ泰һ¡
ﺺɲ粷չȥϽֹУξס֣㲻Ҫ𣬺ã˧Ӧ㣬ٱΣ
粱Ŀ⣬ӱʤ˻ﺺֵлͳ˧ˣ
ط粸һ̣ȵ˱ﺺ󣬱תȥһߣʤһƨϣŭдֱд̫֪ôˣȻõڱϣɫѳڶ˧ǲܾʹ
ﺺǰӣͬвﺺ̣ϣֵȷǱʤȣ޷κ粣ҪھһУξǶԣ׾٣
񣬴ѩ·㼸ɱһβ۽Ұܶ飬ɴ˿ɼĿҪΧҵȣһҪһЩȨʵȴȥ
ﺺĻʤЦһл˧Ϊĩ
ﺺԣȴЦһҲ̫磬ȫʳ˻ˣôҲ̨ˣ
ʤԲϲĩµ䲻ҳƾս֮ڣһǰ͵ӼɱأҲǾˣһδѩ·軺гֽ̣ŷѩڻҾѩսǵְĩͷһ粳ȥ޻ذǿϧپ
ĿǰʮĴԣٱʲôңѩ·ݸ漱Щ˻˼μٿʧ⣬Ҫϳǣɴ˾̫˵պϢ©ȥЩˣɶҪų갡
ҪֶֺΪء
ǣʱľӪУ˱飬ֱӽӪپ
û󷽳ȡݣټٷ򳤣·ߵѡ
Уһٷ򳤶粹Уξ뿪ǵ·ߣǰǲ٣ڴѩ·оģ¾ֻˣ˵ţٷһָͼ
ҪԼһȺֵȥͬٷ򳤱汣ƽĵȴڴģΪ֮ǰǧʿ·ϣ˭ҲһԼ
֪ǵĹ˼ɣصҵȲȥôĿɲֹǧˣʮǵİ˿ڣ
Уξδ˵˰ɣٱǧ˵ǺҲֻǱˮн˵䲻ģͷ˿ҪӺ
Щٷ򳤵ˣٱܹ裬ңɾҪǵʳǴĽ죬ǾȻǲȣĽͬʱܵѹĵĥǶʱܵסɾԱɺҪģǽضʺôͶǺıԲˣٱҪͻؿ̸ס
䲻ѩս෴ɾһнʱ䣬ѩ棬ǾȺһκη籩ڷѩѰ٣ѩǱȴĳ֣һ
ֻҪ΢ЩͷԵģ֪Ŀǰǵ״һζؽɣ񽫻ԽԽ࣬ԽԽ󣬽ʱ˸࣬ǣ֪֪ȥǾˣٷ򳤣ǼȰ粣ϣȥ򱫽飬ȴ󷽵ľӣ˹Լȥ
ˣǷģұǸɾÿν·ϣԹȥʱǲزҴţҪĵĸǣҪȥˣ׼ǻʱڳص
ԣһ粵Ļɲɾˡ
Уξְʶǳ֪ǺⰡһٷ֪ʵ
ɽֻҪӾС
˵ָָ꣬ͼһ·ߵ
ԣɽȻͳ˧ﺺͬˣЩΪʿģΥ
ʤվڳ¥ϣų¾ӪУгʿ䣬ͷŮУξǲһ£Ц˵ɽҲҪܷסˣʱһһɢɾЦˣ
ʤһԣ΢΢һЦƨбĿŮޣˣҲ֪ˣ
˵ĲǺܿ׼ֽҪȥУξп
ʤ׼ʿ侭ʱͻȻѩУƮһŻֽ¥ϱ࣬ʹϧĿ͡
ƼһĻʿ˲Ļ䣬޾ɵ̤ѩȪ·
ȫĿǣȫǰ
ͻȻ粽һҪؼѩˡ
óϳ£ʿ䣬˲񣬱ӪиһԴ뿴˭
ʤ粵һȣһĽŵģ߳ŭðǰɣ㣬ôʲôĵȥ
ʤΪѾǶҡģ˭ͳĴ󽫣ͳ˧ﺺЩСС䣬Υһʱ䣬ֽƮ㣬ѩ׷ɣһƬʿ䣬ֱϷȥʧѩֽС


102 ɶĿ
粵Уñʤһ֮ҲյϢﺺо˼̾λ֮ŮȻЩɣֻǣһǾһҪԶŹصսʹˣ
ǣһٶʮأо죬ҲҪһհʱܵȴʿ䣬ҹ·Ҫ峿ִǡ
һʱ䣬Թʿ޲Ů̫ݣǵһ¡
ٷ׷ǰͷ粣ͣȰ˵УξɫԽԽˣǵֵܿɲѩ·УαУȥ˵ˣ½ҹǶҪ·ϰ
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͵أ
ٷۣԱ߿ɾְ͵ذӪӣǲϵ⣬ʲô
Уξ˵ˣҪģû𡣡
ǡ
ٷӦŵһ㴫ȥ͵կ
ʿ䣬˵ǰӪկЩˣֻشʮһѣȥܷѩϢѡ
ʿĵĴʱͻȻҲУٴܳһˣһ£ɰʿһæ𵶽עѩӰ
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ٺ٣ǴˣŶ֪ӵˣһҸͶġ
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ԣսʲôУ๫Ϊεˣʲô٣
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㵽ʱ粻޷ţ๫ٵʵ๫ֻҪллˣҪ˵٣޷š
ˣΪԶŵǰɿһ֮
ï˵ţҲóһԶԶ֮ģҪ٣ЧҪ͵ʹЩҪô١
ƣֻҪһ֪Чˣ
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ʲô
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ïеԶ׷ɣֿץסЦƾҵðȻԷѲߵСӣڰڣѾСļˣӴӵܶصģǧˣ
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ף
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Щٷ򳤿УξͻȻֵ˽̸ãʮֺ棬߹ҪѰʿеĸʱȴᵽһɲͬѰζ
Уξ˵ܳƵϸֵģһûУһЩȭŹģֱǱְȫϵܺϵܰ
˵İٷ򳤣Ϊ˵ٷ򳤣ֱǡȫˡ͡ڿʤٷ򳤣һСԱסһСͯҡˣʹʮʮȣıǳ
ˣˣаïֵ
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ģзִ硣
˵ţٷ£פؾӪԼï죬ȫ˺ڿʤһͬǱ֡
һ˽벻ãû߳أͻȻïסǣѹӵٹȥҪǷˣˣԶǰǿſϣʲô
ɫڣֱܷģ˺ɣǻѩأҰиκ쳣
Ϊ粴Զֻ糤ҲһߣЯóԶŵǰïĽͣһ³ȣú㿴壬һͬӵһϡ
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Ƕûһΰڣʵ
һʱï˵ţҪܿǵĶĿָܣʮͬʱ֣ЩĿ
üͷһ壬ǵļ࣬жԶ
Űɼ䣬һԶĿ
ïһ˵üһ΢΢һЦǺãȻȥ
˷ſ粺ïͲĶ͸о棬ǵۺ󣬱ԽӾ죬ĵװ룬ô֪ǰϾ˵ģ˼УξҪɾϢذ
⻹˵ã˱ҪȰ˵ȴֹסˣȥ˵


103 ⲻɱ
ҹѩͣ¹⴩Ƽ϶һƬУԴһڣ߳һװȫʿ䣬ӶǱ
Լнأʿͣ£ͷֳֳصһϣïϣóԶ鿴һߣïָǰʮĸϣȥ
͸Զһƴ͸¹£׽һȻΣȴһʲô֦ϣأȻǲУȻҶαװġ
û֣ǵȴïԶ۲úָһѩأǸͲѩ°ںõģ
صĲأҲѱ¶ţïСڰӪУ뷴ѵһеĸ֣İ£粺ѰҵһԶĿ
ïһ粣ƲƮʱڵ¹ĻᣬִսʮɣɾĿλãһʮ
һʮ룬˵ԶԶҲˣѰʿ䣬ʹù˰ʮĵˣ΢һЩĽ죬ңܰٲĿʯ֮ѰʿⱾ£ǻҲûˡ
粣λöʯ֮Ůӣ˵޷ʯ
乭׼ϵǺӰָһɣʸ˲ʱƿХ̼֮ᴩҶɾڡ

һƵľϰͻȻ£̼䱻ѩͬʱδ·ѩеһڻعͻȻ̼һ̤ԣһԾһǣһ̽˰ಽѩС
ϢɱһԶĿ粲δ֣ͣǰȥïҲϣ嵽ǰͷָģ精ͷż䣬мڿմȻɱɾٶĿ
οһĻҪյİ̾һĿǾѻ˦뻯֮쳯ĳӾеŮǣɻ̥ˣüŬ
粺ïӰпٴţڷųһɱʮں˸һϣԶɨԶĶ󣬳ȫ˵ٷ򳤣ʿٿ
Ѳ߽ˣʿ丽Ҷ
粷Ը꣬ʿɢеĲѩУеĲ󣬷׷עһСɾŻ֡
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ྲѡʮʿ䣬ɾ·ȫˣǸԴׯɱһͬʱɱס
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ѽϻҵĺҶأ㲻˵Ҫõıóҿ˵ţҪ촽ϵı顣
οһŽοˣȴɵɵģɰ̾һҪ棬΢ʱ̴ϣаװڸУֱ͵
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Ǳɽ޷обֻܱ·һ·εǣһ·ӶغǺ͹ǣڣӼݺԥ򾫱ɱǾǣΪǱɱ빥µĵطֻҪ¹ǣʮа˾žͱפǵıΧࡢǼ䡣
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´˸оɻ󣬿ɵŵһʽѩֺǲŻȻⶫֱΪƣİ


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ȥǧҪ粳Ըɾ
ǧɾ죬볷ˣǣ²ϵҪ赲ľǽǧǳʱǡ
λʮΣֻ΢ԶľǽѼʸ
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һӣﺺյ˽ӶĻϢȴֻʿأȴɱΧ
ԶﺺٴοһڵĳҰƼ׾ٵƾľǽɱһɾɺ޵ٴսʱ֧Ԯ档
һԣ΢΢һ㶣ʶ˵ͳ˧ˣս޷
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114 ȡ׼
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ͻȻɱɾһʱ䶼ˣδȸˣţľǽмȻҴһȴţͻȻǧﲿӣһ󣬶Żҵɾһɨ
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ҲСˣĿڽзɡ
θ˵꣬ӷһЦţС
ᰡõˣоһĻرᣬҡͷЦһϽԸ޹Ůѳȴطţóָг
ة๫ӣ󵽣
ͻȻ͸ߺһǰԺˣͬʱŤͷȥ½Ŀˣǲ٣ȴûһ˶˵Ŀ⣬ةӵݣⳡµɹ٣ӦǴ˵ģ
Ȼ󣬿˼ұϾϲģҲֻƤЦⲻЦĹȥӭӡ
ϲְף»죬ӣ
ƤЦԱԼһεſˣĵЦлһһΣȻʤˣ¾͵ƽ˰ɣ
һʼδ˻⣬ΣȻڰָι롣
ȻεȳǸȻƾһڷŭ΢΢һЦֵĽͷȻǱѰ

ǫ鼸䣬ӭĶɡ
ҲֱܾߵǰԺһЩˣһͬһ
ʶ˲࣬Ժͬų嶥ˣҲ񺲵ر࣬Χ˶ʮһЩ̣͢һЩλصĴ٣ǱߵѣУξǾϯǰԺڵԺʮ
Ŵɹ٣ҲҪƵģξһ£Ӧ˶ˣ߲šɺͻæƣҪˡ
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һӵĴͻȻץס󣬾һ̳
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ץ̳αеˣ
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Цһץһ̳ƣһ£˳Ƥһ͹ࡣ

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ΰʮһװѾˮʪٱһܡ
ʮµʮֺ䣬ܶ˳Ա󣬱뿪ˣֻһЩˣ׼ֶ
ˣڳסСԺ⣬Цţε֣ȥа˼˼һ°ɣ
ԣʵЦ߲Űɡ
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ȻЦһĶͲˣһ׼Ѿ䣬ˣǾͷȥ
Ѿ䣿
ԺԴƬ̣ɵɵһЦӭ֦ߵͷϲʮǧƨ¶࣬۵¥⣬ʹȥҵº࣬㲣˭֪
һգһ㶣һЦð֮ĨǣУˣ
Цһǹˣأ
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ŶȻţǾɡ
գգۣЦʲô취ʹ˲úˮ
⡭
˳˼ˣҲüͷ˼Ĭ롣
һͻȻе
бһۣˮģ

ܰ˲ˮܻһü
ãֻҡҡͷ֣Īҳɡ
Ӳûôģ㾿ܴܲЦ
СţϴɲţĿǺϹ˵ġ
˼򵥵⣬ǾȻƲӣ
ΰ̾һһߣһߵˮһ֣Ͳúˮˣ
ʲô
һ㶣״̬ʱƼξȻѾĵܵ¥


119 
ĵĳ뷿УŸոչţһŮһβ裬үȱˮưɡ
νӹˮһʱŮֵݹһϲӣνӹ󣬹Ůź󷽣һӷĹŮʹʹɫŮżҴҵ뿪˷䣬ֻκڴͷӷࡣ
һҡߵߣϲӣΡΡƿӷͷϵĸͷʱϼݷˣʵҰС
ӷȻ˹ɫҲףС۷۵ģӤһ˫۾ڵƻ£貵ҹ飬ˣЦܺÿüģ̵ģֲ£һ㡣
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ԣκ˷ܣ̻ܶӽӷදһء
˯ɡ
˵ţȰӷȡشĽķڣڰЬԼǾװֱ굽˱
Ƽӷ࿩ЦţҲ˽ȥСԴһһģյλ˫־Ȼʵεĸ֫
Դγģθ﷭ڲݣһ֣ŪĲˡ
ߺˣϢһ£档ĵ
Сǲ𣿡ӷЦ
һʲô
ֶ˵ˣʱҪ򶴶

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ӷ˵ţץסεĸ첲һҡΣһߴߴٵСޡ
꣬⻹ˣ
аһ䣬һݣУҪģʱ˿ɱҡ
˵ţηӷѹ£˫΢΢Сɽ𣬶ʱſβ֣š
ӷһʼɵЦţɺεһͷԾˣС־СһϣĵףرǵС֣ƽʱĵط󣬶ʱӷ͸оһɴ۾һ˼Ρ
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ۣ
ӷҡҡͷоֵֹģؿģģСץץ
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ӷཹĻҡҷ飬λһЦ·Ȼܼˣ
ӷ൹ǼΪɴֱ࣬ѵһ·⿪߶Ƕ󣬶ʱȵ壬㱩¶Уֹͣˡ
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ӷ౻һ̣ǳˣȻΣֻоСͷµһһƬѿˡ
˲ҶֺãգʹǱܣ˿ʼƷʹУſֵĽ
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Сû°ɣӷǺñӣСԴǵʵ
źȶˣ¾ͺá
Żˮ󣬲˲ǣصϣЦ
ӷԣһЦϽںüƣӭӴ򶴶о
һҹΣһαһξãӷеЩӦ᲻ͣ¡
ڶ죬ͣУξ˶æҹµһƬǽ壬סСԺУȴû˸ţֱʱӷźۣһȳһյߵ⣬Ľе˰
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СôҲˣô찡
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Ҳ㼫ƷˣΪҪӣٺ˼ƴƣڣ岻йˡ
޴󰭣ֻΪʵۣˣ࣬¼ҩպˡ
л򡣡
߲ŵ֪󣬿ЦһһЩӣŴ뿪
Сࡣ
ӷһĵƤȻŮеףҪιࡣ
οһЦſڣӭģȻǹ̵ࡣ
ѽ
βҽһһԵĹŮϽë촽ϡ
⣬ĵడ㵹ǰΪ򴵴
ӷ಻ԣŮŽͣӷ֪զ£ǣ֮ⳤȻҡͷˡ
ߺ鷳ιСɡ
ŮһЦֻܽӹףһƵүιࡣ
ҪӷعȥʵͻȻˣֻӳˡ
ֱβŴӷعݼʵۻʺ󣬺һЩӡ
ӷĸף˵ĸҲһŮǿˣʱһͬ¡𣬱¡ҪѻʺλӽŮȴϲĶǣֻͨӣرӷԴ󣬱ӵĵ͵þ¶档
ڰݻ˻ʵۻʺӷε֣ܵסԺС
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źӷһ۾ͬƯͬĸŮͬʱʱθоǱյ̽յһϹĹۡ
ĵǰ˵һ䣺ΰҾôһŮȴӣǨһЩ𣡡
λ˵ʲôֻйӦŵתˡ


120 󺮣
УξѾˣֶһ̰ӷ࣬һʱ䣬Уξֵüɹ
ߺˣܹܳɣȥСأ׻ҪҪɨˣÿɨһҶӣûüգͱŸɢˡɿ
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ļֺɫڣκͺԺͬţһ뿪ϹٽΣԴظ
ǰû粵εҹʮֿ﷦ζӷ࣬󵽱ˣȻɵ˵㣬ɵ棬ɵÿɰңӷÿζƽĻþᵽϣսòֺ죡
Ӳûгã٣ƥУξʱоĩˣ


121 С
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ǰ˼ң˵ңУξŮ˵ҰҪӦԪʮֺ档
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һ㶣ٴŤͷŰɣ
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ԽüԽ˴źͻȻͷЦӷ⵽ߵĶ
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š
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ټڣκžۼһԣ粵ͷԴϵӷ࣬ҡͷһЦ̧ͷΣЦЦĵں𣿡
£ʵͽĵͷ
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ԣһϲģ
๫ɪӣ粶ʱͻȻٵģ

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һЦţһߺӷ˵ʲôȻеպͣȴҳΨΨŵŵһԡ
⣬˾þûʲôֻ򶷵ĶһڿʱѾˣ㿪ʼ׼
һٷջֵգȫ෴ҳԵüΪԪһֱڰ۲λ˵еŮУξӦ˵ŮˣȷüΪƯһްˣȷþųŮӸʰ·硣
ԪڼԷһ·ƴߵ۷ĴڣһȽϣȴֲⲢǸ߿ԼʵʵΪ෽棬粵ȷȲǡ
粸֪ΪŮһֱڶ˿⣬ΪȥïѾѹжŮˣεŮˣǽ޶ѣ㣬粱ҪŮȥ
ӷǵ񳤹´ͻ飬粹ܲˣ糾ŮӣɲòˣΪҲ֪ЩŮӣʮֶüԦˣر๫ֺɫˣ
˵ŮһŴ⣬һӷ棬ʮãҪֱӸ뿪ȫˣضԹԣңԵԼʮС
Ҳֻպżңǰȥܷˣ
˼꣬꣬ľٶ˵Ŀ⡣
࣬ԱһͬȥԡΣ
ӷһϲǺǣððҪͽһϴ衣
ŴСŵĻڿһޣһɰģҲһ䣺Ҳȥ


122 ʮ
ҹζһƵڷУ϶Ŵ˶ĳͷΪʲôӷȥ˯ˣ
ӷסСԺʵסĵطֻһ䷿ѣڣλͬסһ䣬һһˣʮϰůͻȻûˣʵġ
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δָһϮٶǼģҸûƮš
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125 콵Ů
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вֱǳвδӦˣôպѾľҪסˣǰԼεĴϣҪͬ۹ð
Ѿ޿ˣԣ䣬ߵһãգĵͷٴĬ
ߵҮǰУҴӦˣ˵ɣģ
ʱ䣬ӦÿҪˣ
ʲô
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ڵڵأǿţֱͨƺӣڻƺӸոƱˮͨЩ˴ӷˮ·ô׷ǲˡ
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ӰҪʧڵСﾡͷҮͻȻеˣһˡ
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ҪӦңҲ˵ˡ
ҮǵĻЦһܻȥīƤƵҮһ֣ߡ
ҮһЦЦչ˫ۣ˼ȻҪα
Ҳϻˣһȳһյ뿪С󣬴ȺصԼͣĵطҮŵǾĴģ˺һޱ쳣ʣҮ輫Ϊ⡣
ٺҮߵǰ⿪˩ޣԸϳ뱱·ʻȥ
ȥģҮԾʵ
ϻȻǱˡ
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ģ᲻ݳ
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٣ȫҶŻȥɥ
ּ䣬ͻȻһƥӳ˲Żع񣬿Ѿ˳ǡ
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Ҫһ٣ȴ֣ǰ꣬óһơ
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127 Χ
ݡ
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ҮȻΪδõ鱨ȴûгŵܲϽƭˣԼƹأжҪһ٣ȻԼ롣
δһéݣ;зһé⣬һֱȡá
δսƻ֮㿴ڼéԵСϣʮˣΧһŮӣɰŵòᣬΪʮˣֳֵǱмİŮӣŴ粣⻹˭
Բۣﹷ̫ģ湻Ҫ
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ں˶ЩҪ˺ʱͻȻҲ֪˭ôһʱܵĺٴһϡ
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128 Ϊ
ϡĻѩӳɢ͵ĵ׹⣬͡
ϧŵ磬ûһֱȥΪһӰĽ룬Ƭͻһ覴á
覴ãѵĴأڻһӡߣţڵҲ׵ѩϣԸٶȣǰλӰ
ϵĲѩһ㽦һӡΪεĴߣⲻò˵ܷ̣ΪΣǿѩϵĳӡŷ粵ڵأ֮ΪѩϵĽӡ׷٣޷éݣٴζˡ
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ҪСϷҳƱɾʱȻŲٴһЦһ䣺ɱˣ

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δǳϣ˺һԼѪĻڸ󣬴ʬϣûԼƱ뻳УĿͷҪȥȻԼѾˡ
·Ѿ۵ͷ󺹣ţƣȥǸ鷳ңɫûҵҲ֪Сôˣĵġ
һ·εǼӡڻ·ͨƺӶɿڵĵطһɻˡ
ǶĩůƺȻǴذĺˮȴǱ˲٣ΪˣƺӶɿڵĴֻתƵ֧ӣҲ˹ĺУĺˮƽвΣƷֻԶһεӣŻسΪ̻֮ء
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תߺ˵ʬ壬ӵ˴ݺƹ谵ĵطһЩݽʬܻõϵѪ
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Ѿ˵Աصֵ̫ǶȥæˣСֻһŮܵеùһˣղʵ󣬱ˡ
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Ԫ˵ݷǰѾԼˣԼһСԺѾһͬסһַߵĹ򣬵һЩãҪַſڵǲܡ
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š
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αŴ˲Ž棬ͬһƵѪˡ
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ٺԣ¾㵣˹Ůһޣеķε壬򣬴ʱż⣬ߡ
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ζûףͻȻһѾˡ

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˱ˣȳԷôĵ
뿴㣬Ⱥ㷢
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תۣѮһգڶСӵıӣȻи˸˵Ůˣֱ粶ʶǵյɽկʦ㣬ŮƬ̣ţ精Ȼ͸뿪ˡ
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ݣǺöûֽٹˡǽҪʲô˴̣ʲôҪݣ
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Ȼ޷֣βԴУ͸򣬼˻ȻһµԺ
ڴԺѾԭȴҲʮӵİٶˣԺԺæȻ졣
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ͷĽӹͼֻֽǿһۣ˶ȵǡǹǹʲô
ˣȥһ˻ҩ
˵ţͼҴҵ뿪ˣλһۣɿЦһʼδǹ
ڻҩתһȦʱģҵĶһЩ̻Ĺ߻ҩƳǿĻҩ׼
ڴսϣõҩһϣҪγһЩڣʱò˶á
ɱս¸Ӳ̫ƽǿԣĲǧˣתһ룬սΪûȱͣ
æ죬յźòȥˡ
ҪˣһΣҪȥɽأɽƽͨӺݵؾ·ӺפصɽפصƽأؿǾұ֮أοɻһΡɽ¼ɽˮһʮɽƣôʱڣˮȻ꣬ԼΪӺĶӣ˼һŹ𣿿ˣ֪ˣųӷصˮżʵҽڱ


135 ¶
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粺ᣬͷؿϣճյ˵๫ƭˣ㲻˵ӦֱȡΪҪӺأ
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⻹õ˵
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Բİ
ҡͷ̾׷׸ٷˣһͬ뿪򸮡
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Ȼ掠죬򵥵ģңҪģǱ糧Ҫ⣬õǹԭҪһλܴһһЩС羫ϸĵɣѵ˴ʦʱڣ²ʲôɹˡ
֪һֻٴȥ򣬺ı죬ʵڲУЩŪţպ취
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ǧ֧˵ɣʱԣжѾͲ˵ˣѵģͳһ若Сһôð
СԺĹ֣ͣȫͶ뵽掠ϣˮʽʼ
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ɡ
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һ˲ţӷ಻ˣȥϢ˱㿪ʼżȥ
ˮĶڣʮ֣翴Ȼ˿ҲΪˮĵԭ򣬳ʿˮܼɫɫĸ֣úٳ翴ðʣרȥա
ĺܴӷ֮ǿϧˣҲգҪϴˣڣ￿ˣյۿʼˡ
ϣΪ˷׷׽ţԼϲ۶һʱոǣַǷ
ӷŴӣǰ˵㳬ңҳ㣬ȵĲֺҲŽкá
ۼԽԽԶӷཹĽеѽܰҿˣȵҡ
˵ţӷͦŶӿʼ׷ۣһ£ɰ˸ˣһͳ嵽ӷǰû£ͻȻұһȺǱʲôһͬʱ
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ٵͷͳ嵽ȺԣǣȻղǣվ˳ǰǼֱ۵ƾƣҲƲһϰ˵˳
ߺô찡
缱ţȻһתͷҪŮݷٽȥæһȥ֣ҲһȺİˡ


136 
ǼԺУһ֧北ȥƬ̷ºͷЦţҲûˣȥ߿ɡ
θո߳ͻȻһץסļЦӰǶڣؼ㹫°ɣ
ڴԺ֪γΪˣҺܶ˻ϰҪˣ
Ļ΢΢һ㶣𣬽Ƕڰ
ЩǶῴˣǲûҩԣ°࣬ôһȥڰɣˡ
β֣Ҫ뿪ͻȻ뵽ʲôһ䣺ѷˡ˵ţ΢΢һЦ˻ϵһУ߳Ժһƥֱˮȥ
εѾģˣ⻹ǱƵģһֱЧʵ̫
һ·ϵ˼ӣƼ£΢΢һЦȥ󣬴϶ϲ
ţγ޵ĴԽƵ𼱻ǵĸϵ򸮣һţͻȻӭͺһײһ£˶ߺһˤǰ
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꿴Ĵ·κ󣬶ʱʹſǻ򣬹ˣ
ʲô
κƻûͣĴ·Ķ㶵Ŀ١
ˣղǳȥʱͻȻȺɢ֮ͶͶˣ
üͷ
𼱣˵
ԣͰ룬һһʮ˵׹ʶ²ˣǧ㣬Ҳ㵽ԼˣһûзŹ
ݷٸˮʼˣѾıˣ˾˭Ǹˣݷٻ˭أ
ûţǼ⣬Ϊ飬ãϵһݱһϣóԼӵҪЮ򿪹ؿڸݴֱ룬ݷʲôϵйϵ
򣬿ȥ˰ɡٽ
ҡҡͷû£һݱֵǮǼӺ࣬òκκô
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Ǳٰɡֵ
λҡҡͷ飬ºѲ˸ϵȵȿɡ
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ٿǺӷһͬ뿪ģڳʧ٣̫ˣҪ֪ͨմ󣬶ҽ򣬿ڷֽ˿ּŭ
οٱ΢΢һЦİɣҵźͺӣԲµģȥǽл
ΰֽ٣Լһߵ㶵ϣ˼ѾƮ˾⡣
˭أң󣿻ӣ
κͷʱմͻȻ˽һ£ЦЦӵźӶˣ
бһ£νʵ۲̫༱㶼Ϊμ
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ˣʲô˵ɡ
Ϊմ϶һӣͲרš
֪Ϊʲôᶯ𣿡մʵ
Ҳɻ󣬰Ĳ룬ӦֱȡǹӺ
ףԡ
뵽⣬ͻȻ뷨ˣݹӺݺͻɸ˵ĹϵˣˮûԶĵˣֻΪϣ
Ϊһִˣⶼˣ޲һͷײˡ
ϣȹȡӺݣٶ£ŷң˲ǴӴҵƽĳҪԵζɿڵ⣬ҪŪ˰ɣ෬˵ˣƻ˵Сˣһǲ
ͨһ㣬ͻȻһĶͷһĿģǼأ
أϱӵʷǵͣʱһٶǰͰѼ޽ˣΪʱԿɵĵڶϣֻһΣңǵʱռ汲ר̰ɾŹأڼǰõʱŹظصŹأһŴ򹷣ʮɾӺ
뵽Щ֪ƾǵѣⶼҪˣΪݾֻҪռ˼أôξɣξŹؽճ̡
ˣմǺЦ
ζʱûƢˣЦŵѾ˵ݸҶӺݣôǶҪ·ˣֱͨĵ··ؿǳأ¶˸ͨ˰ɣ
ţܿ͸һ㣬ҲûңյϢݵһʮѾԥݣԥִǵز˰£ο˸ͨ·أھͿݾʱܸæˡ
λûѯմЩ֪鱨ЩԴˣƾԼǵ֪ŵŴʲô°
˽̸䣬ͻȻ缱ææĳ˽ŴͰһֽϣ


137 Ҫ
˲ˣˣζֽ֪дʲô
磬ңҪҴȥҲЩ˵ֵġǸε
ΰڰ֣ˣ˵ʲôһźļأĲ࣬޷ǶһЩҪȻźӣʵǣ
ûб˭дģɲξͲ֪ʮɵĿ϶ġ
ˮȨҪץһ˼ֱ׾٣ȻӺҵģи̣Ǳҡ
ǰ׹ݣ򸵶ˣɾıˣֻһֱǵڣ¶ˣλЩʲô
ξͺմ٣ʮҶһͬȥţɵźɵˣűϴˣɲͬǣǰõˮϴõĿѪϴ
֮£ټˮűѪϴһգɱȱڲĶ̵ȾĴãڵǵʬ壬ʮߣȻڶ̶̰ʱڣһգ
أڲڣ
ڣ
θ˵꣬մһһʬֻǿһۣһ
ȻףμһΣһȥһ죬ʱŴԽãŴڵ֣ܳͺˡ
˭ɵģøˣȻɱЩͽδ̫˰ɣ
˼䣬ͻȻѪһܵǰݸеⲻǹķ𣡡
ϦԵСŴʲôλ᲻֪𣬿ʱ׹ˣ仯̫ˣӦǰ˹ҪвԼǣȴһ˸ʰˣʰǵˣǱģɾͲö֪ˡ
񣬲ʶˣܶ˶ڿ¾Ⱥ۲Զˣ
մžƺ«һں󣬵Цַϧòɾһǻȥɡ
⻰΢΢һҪתѯʣմǷ֪ٳַķ򣬿һȥմȻûӰˡ
ӰȥٵٶȣΪСֵޱȣοء
٣Ӻ֪ͨҲظˣɢȥȷƽ˾ڻ
ŶɱһգθоԼǸСԺûմ󣬻аȫ
뿪ˣԼҪӢҷԪ󣬻һСӽΣżҴҵ뿪
δСӣװһЩݵ⣬Ҳ֣ǰ;ŪЩӼԷ͵ܳȥϧһֱûϡ
һСӣΰѷٽ⿪ϵһβ裬뿪ţһ·ȥ
ˮ£ڽУˮ˳ɵİգۼ˼ӣԾűһʱҲ֪
λصǴԺͷѾˣΪǶ磬Ժ˶ȥˣԺһЩˣҶһȺǹ֮ˣЩӶ࣬λʦҲ棬취Ľǹ
һֱӰټֽʣ㿪ʼͼ
Ƭ̹˲ףҪʲôˣ
ĻǹȻҲٲˣҩʮ鷳Ψһİ취ӵѣʵҲر򵥣ûҩΪƶֻǸ徫һЩңҪģҲЩӵڵļҲˣоһˣһˡ
ûʱ䣬ӵͱˣҪǿ죬һּ򵥶ݵĻҩӵ
֪˶ҪʲôһĻǹڶӵĽ£ʲôݷǹʯĦֵĻ𻨽ӴҩСȥʵŻˡ
ڣ䵽ҩģɢװĻҩɶͻȻҪЩҩˣһķŵǹȷܽʡʱ䣬ж˻ҩʯĦĻ⻹ܵȼ
ߡ
ͻȻһٵͷӽһ
ȥǻҩĹ£ͷβɻܱǵȼ𣿡
ȻִˣණЩף֪߶ô㰡̰ȼģδûȥ
ⲻǷϻ𣬻ʯóĻǣܰѵ𣬺οأҿҲѣֽѻҩ͵ãڽһߣͿˣһ͸ǰ취ôߴǹŪȻҲ㲻Ű
ʦĻλȻʣͷͷԸʦȥӵԼǺָװ⡣
ʱʦʮֽӵһΣֽ̫һЩʯҹ̶֪᲻
βòЩ˰֪ƣϻΣЩʯ̶һЩˣֻ߲ͷβˣֻһ㱡ֽ
ΰװǹѲΣһǹΪ˴ǡǹӵԭˣɶ¶ˡ
ٴæȻϵӷֻ࣬մ񹦸ҵ䣬ҰĴԼ͸Ʒմ
ǴԺֿʼæˣ⣬ĵһݵմ󣬴˿վһɽͷϣӸµɽһܴɽ塣
ˮǲʮһĴ壬ʮǰѾû˾סˣͻȻܴ𣬲˸ɵģѵĲɣ
մһЦ·רŸϷϷůӣǵķӲ

ͻȻһմԴһ˵Ӵ˿һֱֻ۲ɣɫҰֵֽǰߣ岻Ծһˡ
Ϸ㣬ҼҶٷȥˣ˵𣡡
մ˵ţתͷЦЦĳԼͬƹأȱ첲ȵֵأ˵𣿡
ɱǰɣ⼸ͬʱŭ
մĿһͻȻֿץסһӣҪɸոֱ̧ۣͱմһֻץסմצ赭дӸ첲ϣһ󣬶ʱһડӾͷɱĲҽ
մ˫ͻȻϿÿ壬ҽһʱ䣬ӻɢһ㣬һ̲Ƶģ˵ϡ
մ֣ͣһ߻ʮָͷһ߳ʣµ˵˵𣿡
ʿɱ裬һϣϼһ
ȱ첲ȵļһ𷴻ǣ֫ȫʱմŪ񣬸۵մȭ̵ڵأˡ
ţ˵ʲô
ոհЩ̵մͻȻŤͷűжȫؽڹǵļһ˹ȥӵԴʹյԡ
մһӵĻһ߶һϢӣƼ־ŭĿԼҲʲôˣ
մһͿһʱ־ԣϱߣ
⻰һ˵ɫʱһٴα־ŭܿڵģþһ˿ŭͬǡ
ƼһĻմЦˣմЦݣ˷·Żعһ㣬Ǽ飬֮ղŻҪ𱬣һ߿Ѫһߴմ޳ܡ
ߺϱߣϹͷܲ
˵ţմһšӵĲˡ


138 ײǹ
ҹ⣬һʮ˵̶ӣٵĸ·һ·ͣ˹ȥеһԺ⣬ͻȻͷļһ˵룬ȥûоסĵطˣԺš
ȫҪ֪һǿɶԴİһͷü
İɣûйٱҲʮˣװ̷ҹ·˻ɣ
˵꣬һӿڵ԰տҪɽˣǸǾͲ߹ٵˣҪС·һӺݾѲߣѱҪսһû㹻ϢǵʤСˣ
֮ðɣŰɣ
ͷ˵꣬ԼųϢ̶֪ͨӣܿ죬ǾǴԺԺš
ƬٺӣˮһУҪѯˮӲ󣬴಻ʱͻȻҺܿ죬ߺ
Щûüͷһ壬ҹģȻţ˭
ţԱ߹ȥš
һŵһֻܣͷӿէ֮£Ҳʮ˰
㶣ͻعʵλ𣿡
Ŷ·˵أɫ̫ڣҪ󱦵ؽһޣ֪ɷ񣿡һ˵ţóһԪ
˫üһɻְԺȻ⣬ǾҲԶΪӣ½ͷҲǸС̲򰡣ջأԼĴԺֹʮΪʲôƫƫԸ
뵽ɻ֮οɲұ¶ɻ󣬶װʮ̰ĿشʮĴԪٺһЦа̫ˣֻҪλ粻СԺ࣬ס
Ǿˣͷӳлһк׼סԺ
λ綫ţȥǰӡ˵ţСܵĻص˴
ӣʲô
ոտڣξסͣѹ˵꣬ļһ߲ƣĿǰô񣬲Ҫ˵ȥͳͳټеĻǹҲûŶ˻ҩС࣬Сҳȥ׼źү
ηԸ꣬ҲȻ߾˭ǶӶˣ˻
ܿ죬ڴԺûлȥڵĹ㼯е˴ʮˣҲСʼæ׼䣬ʵҲ׼ʲôϾԺԱ˰ǳʱסģڻȥˣշһѡ
װװӣ׼󷿣ÿ˯ʮˣ㹻Ъŵˡ
ȥͬʱη֣ǵĻȫԺûа䣬ǣȴĸ̧һӣмķ˵Ҳ֣Ϊ̵ģģҲò˴ӰɣҪװӣ̧ö
һ㣬ξ͸ɻˣ뵽ԼСŵ룬᲻ЩУתһ룬־òԾϵˮʱѾץˣѡ£ôӦһ֮ǰŶԡ
ε˼άʽϲԾÿοҪţǼʱֱҲһԾ˼άӾ׼ˡ
԰ɱˮõģѵǶմı£Ȼд˰Ҳ͵ڴĿ꣬ĿĶס˵۾űǶʱͻȻһ˳ˮȻݿɣ׷ȥʱ䣬ض鵽ǵĶ
תһ룬ɱˣҼˮһ£ʱθװ磬װ̷ҡڵ뿪˭ںҪ֪ˮ̷žʮʮЩĴģǻ飬һˣˮǼֵ߲룬Ҫ̷ɾѿϵرǸа
ͨһ㣬˫ֱ㶵ĶǸӣ·Ѿܿ棬װĹСš
ƼεĿ⣬һͻȻȵʲô
һûбŵٺһЦλ磬ȫӰɣ
εĻ㶣ܿ죬Цԣӡ
˵⣬һתͻȻֺȵţô֪

οӵķӳѾˣǿðĳ嶯ٺЦȣģܵôӰɣȶ飬Ŀ϶ǴҪûǳɰȻģ룬ǼֲˣСҲģϰ׸½Ԫʶɣϰ;׸ׯ⣬˵˵ǵ⹻ɣȤ𣿡
εĻЦЦ½Ԫʶⲻдô½أ
û뵽˻۲ٴβСƶԷǺһЦⲻû취ǴϰոսԺʱʽ𲻹˼ҵףӺ׸Ӣҳ֣ӢҲֵģү棬Լϱ˳˵ϱʲôӺ򸵵ãǣԺӾˡ
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Ӻɫһ䣬εĻ滺ʵԺǸʲôģҿʲôа
ʱֵĴʱֻҲ֪˼ʵĴϰ˵ģЩУŪͷתģˣ˵ģǿʲôаı֪ⶫҪװϣƽذУܵˣҲǶһ޶ĲƷɴȥ˯˯ϽĻԹʮȥ֤Ļ𰡡
ŶЩҲˣ벻ȻģãҹҾȥԣǲͷʱȻٹ꣡
һ˵ͬʱѾ㣬ɴҲ˵Ǳʼʮȵİŵˮʱⶫܸú뵽ôЧʣˣԼ´ҪȰԺӣˣ
뵽ЦȴЦСֵܣȥæŰɣͲչˡ
УλʲôҪֻҪһСϵ˵꣬תͷ뿪ˡ
ȺڴԺæһ£Խ뷿Ϣˡ
οٻص˴˿̣Ѿۼ˶ʮˣȻ٣ս̥ˣǣڣǿȱ
ûǹȨǸëðǹܸˣοȺأ⼸죬ǶŻǹ棬«ϹζˣŴԣڣˣ˭ȥ԰һײǹˣ


139 ǹ
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׼ˣʮսĻǹ
˵ðûģھͱȥĲеģҳȥɷȺѾģ
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ЩͻӦЩŵκµͬʱֲЦԷǣһʱɶѧˣ˵ˡ
«ưУ˿ɾͲͬˣҪѪģЦ
ģСİëѾͷļˣΪ̫һǹڱȥǼѪɵģҲ̶ðСĻ˳Եڻ¸ƨ
Ȼû뵽һȻ͵͵ǹȥݣǹëѵԹžУ
˶ӣ˵ǲǻ˰ģǵɾʹˣһͻȻɵ˵
˸˵꣬⵽Сıӡ
˵ģмٲɣǲˣţСһͬʱǹʵꡣ
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ͺֹǣԺǹھԲܶԼˣһ߻𣬿Ҫģ𣡡
⼸ʵǹʱû߻Ϊˣһһָŵǹˣȥǹˡ
СᵱͷǹʼǸҲ˵ʵǶ֪ҵĶǳڽ죬ˣ
⻰𾪣Щ˶ҪгˣҪһЩ˸ס͡
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ǰӲ˵ҵڶɻأղŻСۣװʲôСü
ͬΪСҲڵţСľ룬᲻˰ΪǰԱ⣬ǱӸˣ
ԣҪСģһҪӣǹڳӸҲУ𣡡
ĵģǵж٣һӵȥ᲻ѷ˵ˣһһ£һһʬθɴҲԱˡ
һ׼ûжҪǰжΪܽһ򾡣ڳ֣˷ӵڱΣһӵˣʱӷƣôҲˣ
ȻҪȵ죬Ϊ˷ܣȫ˯⣬һֱ۷ڲǹʱʱͷӶļ䣬˵ĶǱ˭ö룬κޱȣ飬ЩСᣬǺݽɫѪġ
˸˷ޱȣֻһЩ͵ĹŶס˯⣬͵˯
죬ϻе䣬ǴһӴĻ¯Աߣ㲻ˡ
εˣֻжʮҪһӽԷʮˣȻǲܣǴԺϰ֧ǹÿ˿ĸ˻
ʱ֣ǴԺԷԼͬĴ򿪣ܿ죬ʮ½˳
Ҳ֣Ϊ׵ǰͣԺ룬һߴ˫֣һߺǺЦλ磬㲻СأԹ
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ͻȻ¼ɶĳЩܹѵ˶ԣû𵽶ãܿ죬Ϊ׵ߺȵҪϮɱȥ
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ǹ죬˵ĸ˶ûףСõʲôʱѾزˡ
ѾİѻǹרԷӵĸˣҲʮಽԶ˽ľ룬УΪһִˡ
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Ϊüס˺һˡ
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Сء
ӷαסοģû˺㣡
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ԼֻȵСӣĳЩƫƫϲץˣǽˣ´أ´أֻҪĵ˲ˮ棬ԼҪӵеĻڵУڳţմֶҪһգӻܹ
һƺȽҪհҲ̣ƫƫսҪҾȥҪǰɣͳһǰɣȥǰɣҾͽˣ


140 ǹ
ǴԺһᵽ
ˣԶԶҪˣҪ˼ǣԺ
Ժڶ̶̴ʱ䣬ܹΣɶҪ£Զһ䣬ҩӵʮˣǹˮ֣ʮμİˡ
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ֶҪ׼ˣ
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Ҳֻ룬ûҰģңȲ˵Լ̲ĸԣֶĶˣǳӺǾԲܷģ٣ڲܣ
æȻ죬˲ϼˣĸ֪˷౻һ£ֱӾιȥˣڵ֪ŵľȵˣҵͬʱҲӵǣҪѷలŵӺʱţҪԼڣһհŵߡ
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ǴԺһ⣬һ½ĴгһƲϵ壬ȴű˻Ҫݵٶȣһѻǹǲ˦ء֮ԶٲһƬ顣
һĻ˵ǹ˸ŻˣҲɵ㶵Ŵ͡
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մȻ˵ļ򵥣˭ףǣм
մ󲻹εıԼٴԴ˼ѻǹһѣҪˡ

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ʮʱ䣬ѮǴԺѾ֧ǹˣһǹ׼͵ɽ̽Ŵˣôá
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ÿˣ˿Ȼޱȣȴһ㣬»ֻҪһǣܰһ˿ȫûˡ


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˵ţóһۣдгĶԴµĴ÷¹Ŀ

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ɽֻһٶ·εİ˶ӣ㵽ɽؿ⣬˿̵ɽؿرɭϣ˵ȶο˶ء
վסʲôģһѲߵʿ䣬ͻȻεˡ
սɷ򡣡
⻰ǧȷ˵δֱ̫ˣЩţʮѲʿ䣬ͺݺݵοʼ˵ľСӲ֪ôҲ֮Ļ
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εƣɶѰգƽʵҲûӸھ˽а壬ڲͬˣ˶ɽﻹҪ⣬ǵĿˡ

ЩѲʿ䣬Ȼ˵ֺҲܲסͰѳǹ׼һˣˣܸɰͰ͵ĿţǱϿǶһѻǹڿԷǹ׼ԼҲʾһǹ׼ѲʿԴ
μƲɲӲˣϾˣһ£һ߶Ŵ˵£˵ͬԼˣҪ˭ˣҲⲻȥˡ
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գһʿ䶪һ䡰Եȡ󣬱ûӰˡ
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θϽץסǹڣŸոһˣʱֻһءһ̣ͷϵһƷ˿ͷĺˮ

κһĳ粵˵Ŵιǹɱ׷ˣ֪𣡡
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һͣδףԼͻȻˣ๫ͷðһƵ̣Ʋ׹
һѶ粵ĻǹóһŻҩӵϵǹ˨粽͵ǹ˨ѻҩӵŵ棬Ҫע⣬һҪ¶ˣҪŵСǰֻҪ۶ͻذʯðĻ𻨵ȼߣӵͻܿУȥУ׼ţҽ㡣
ŻǹԼ˫֣һʹã׼
ءһǹ죬粰ٲһСʯͷͻȻ顣
ʯͷǿӵųԾߵʯԣóһСЦ
๫ģ粰ֵŻǹ
ȣ๫ҿ˰ⶫҶԣ׾ٰ԰
粰۾δһһһɨرעЩ˼ϱŵĻǹ󣬿๫˫۷Źǹж٣
಻٣֧ǴԺڼӹٶȲ죬һҲʮ֧
٣ĿȻ˵㣬ǹ̫ˣ΢һ룬ܹ֧ǹļֵԱһǧҪ߰
ãΪ޿Ҫлл๫ˡ΢΢һЦ
ʾοɲˣǧ࣬ͼʲôΪ˹ϰӣⰲӵҪųͬٺ
ദôã᲻֪ʲô⣬ҲˣȻһЦǵÿ๫Ļǹܷˣ
粻ȻһЦԾͲ﷢ëоԼҪĴŮܵǰ֮˵ĴݲС
ǹҲûãҪӵ𣡡һŻҩӵǰڣֻǧȻ͹ͬʱѻǹҲ˹ԣҩʮֽȱʱڣܸܶʹãİˣҵ̵ָ㣬ȡһӵһˣ
ſʼЩףεĽ£˽⵽ӵҪԣⶫͬʸȥͲܻˡ
ȷһ⣬Ҿѡİõģ๫ĥǡ
뵽精εİٺ˽ɽӪ
ε˵ĵǰɽӪʿˣ𾪵Ĳսɷ򣬶ɷĶ
ǹΪδɿǹʿ𾪵ͬʱҲˡ
ô죿˵սҪѡİ齨ǹӣҪõĲУһ£Ҫ˹Ӫˣ
ǰҲð֪ܼܲȥ
ղҴˣսɷѡ˵Ҫһ츳ʲôϴģŽԼģûЩҲа
٣ҹŰ֪ܼܲȥ
ȥɡ
ǹĵʿըˣ׷뾡취ļǹӣǣֻѡİٶѣٷ֮һļʣþųʿֻܸɰͰ͵Ŀˡ
Ӫϰܿ챻΢װһ㣬ָһΪг
Σڻһʱ䣬ѡˣרſմһ˵ĿλŸһЩܼԦǹʿ
ʿǵ֪˻һĿλ󣬿ʼԴƵãȥǵ֪ҪȸǹһǹҲаģôͿ۳µľá
һȷܶȥˣȻԼ˵ӣԵˣõʮǹΪļһֻҪԼĥһ㲻պһǹ֣


143 
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ɽĵڶ죬εͶҹˣ˵ھҪǹֱӸһţԼȥá
гǹ죬̶ڣǧҩӵͱӻһˣܿ죬精ҵΣֱһ䣺๫ûӵˣٸΪǧ
ҪҪ
ΰһܼţſߺι˵Ŵ˰浱ΪɰɱʯɽӵҪǮģΪǹѾǵļҵĹˣӦҵǮȻǮǹ֧ҩ𣡡
εĻ精õȷһ⣬͵Ӻǡ
ھӪ˼죬θоƻˣԼûɶɸɵģֲϲһѣǾʹһƣȥ˶ǹˣ˳͹
λص֪Ĵңսˣ̵ȵȶضˣǵܿҪֹͣˡ
ǺãοǲŸոĴԺѵҪװˣ
ת˼£θоȥԲУҪʲô
ŴպҪо̣ˣʳԻΪڶص⣬´ʱֵǮģҲ⡣
뵽㣬ӻǹУֳˣѡߣֱȥġ
ߵĻƣɲʲôܹɽϾǽֻǰľͻҩʦֺװǹѣʲôڴȥģЩȻûʲôԹԣֻҪǮ͸ɡ
Ժϱ⣬һƬɽܵѾԶˣεȻҪȥѣɽΧĵأ޽Χ׼Ѽ
ȻֳǶʱЧģһ֣ܱȵӺִ漱Ҫǿɡ
æû죬ͻȻϵˡ
һιȫΪյ粵ţҪʶһǴеĻǹ
εȲ򸵣ҪһЩɹŻõϵĴ֧֣Ҳϣ⻹ǵһۼ˴ģĴԺȻڶһУһֱ»㱨֤ʱһˡ
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һκȵǹأȥ

ΰһϼһƢһĳ
ΣΪ˵õ򸵵ֻ֧֣ôȥгʶһ£Ϊθ߿ƼƷ
ûг򸵾ǱһıըΪ˷ű񣬿ǵȽªĲǽˡ
гһ򳡣ľ׮̶ݵļªǽڣԤͻȻ룬ѵ³ͬʱҲѵõо̽޷澿ڸʲô
гָһߣ˿жʮϰǹһҵľ壬ÿһǹ죬ڿľĪĻζľмɳĵװԾ뵽ǹȻͬ˻㱨ǰ
һѹԡ
Ȼȴȫûб¶ζϵʲô
Сǰǹҵ档
ǣ
Ӧһ㳯򸵵ˣ롣
š
򸵸ߵһǰʼǹһʹá
˰·һԣڲٿԣһ̲ĹŴˣǹб۵ģ˲һʱ䣬Ѿܴаٲڵİˣ
һֵ߰Żǹһ㲻ҪǮǾͿжٻǹóˣ
һѻǹһӣ
θ˵꣬ǹֶʱһ˦ͷͳŭһ㻹˵ڰ
ǹȷǣҲɵϰǹĲϿõĶ࣬嶥ҲʮӣһѺõĹҲҪۣҼʸܷʹãĻҩ
εȷҪˣϵԲţҺɥʧ˺飬ֻ̾ˣʮһѣҪҪҪ㡣
ʮߣ˵ļ۰ɣǸЩңʮһѣټӣ͵ģ͵ˣһǹǮɡ
˵ţһѻǹץһľеӵת뿪˴г
Բۡ
θоϵ治ҪѹҲˣͷһĻǹ˵;ˣɺˣ֪ˣȸء
ҪΪۿǣʳǷԾԵıǣǮ򲻵ʮѾΪӽһѻǹĳɱˣ⣬ǰˡ
ǿ׬ǮɣʵڲУ͵˾ȥ
⻰Ȼֻ˵˵ˣݿǵ˰ĻǹǱߣ׼һǹȰŴ˸ˡ
̸⣬αֳˣû죬򸵾˹ˣҪפڴԺ
ˣֻ࣬ʮȴǰ˵ãǵ񣬳˱Ժ⣬оǲˣѴԺÿһԱĵϸǲһ
һ㣬ûǷǳʱ̣ϵΪ˷ֹǹϢй¶ģ֮ǰһ㣬Щ£Ͼǹ룬һ֪ӺݿɲǼ䣬Ϊʸ֮İ
ֳúܴͶʽȴû٣ϾֻٵأΧʲôģڴԺﻹ滨˼Ǯ
οɲʲôֳֻ֪һЩСģũֳɶģհѣڽϹ˵ľ飬ҲѣͬʱΪ˷ֹʲôģһλŴҽһ˵ҽʵ˼ģڼݰţ򰡣ϵһЩ״׽
ˣǵĺܶƷͣˣΪÿеĹٴοʼʩƼƻѵࡣ
βµĿѧܽһѧģҲֻһЩִܳʶԵ룬˼άķʽ̽ķ۶ѡ
Ķ飬һʲôвŮﲻĿұ죬Ϊ飬η˲Ƥӣ˵һЩʦѾ¼ǹĦʦǣ̵ľͽ̣̾㣬Ҳ÷ϻˡ
㶨˴Ժˣæռľ鱨ʹ뾭⡣
Ӻϵ̵ضϣͨԥݵ̵ݾضϣֻмݻң˵бģŵ̷ӺݣҪͶģ˵ԥݺв٣ݼûУ⵹θϽЩ֡
ܿ죬½ԪУ˽⵽ԭ鿪ʼˡ
òı£̶̴ʱ䣬Ȼʮʯݣõ¡Ĵͣҷɣٽ״Ʒһ£ֿ
¡飬βѲ³Եɣ¡Ѿ֪ˣ˻ǣϱ֤ʵڰɣҲֻ΢ɾ㣬ֵ
һǷľ֣ǵ˵Ĳ⵹һֵ⡣


144 ȿ
ʮ꣬ѮѴյĽһƬƵ۾ּ֪˽þûصȵľӪС
ȵ˵ˣ߳ܶûԸ⣬ˣ˻Ǻ䤱ѵ̫̾ĥˡ
ɽؿϣԶһĵоӪӪʮţλεĴڹٵϣľӣݾǴ
ֵģɽ⣬פ˽£ӺݾСģĳͻ٣ǴģĽδй
²ңΰͲڣǣƣӺݾǾͲӺݾһߣǾǡ
ǣǣȥԥݰ߲ߵԵ
ηԶҡҡͷһڴֹۿǣƣŵһսǵͼͲò˷ˡ
߲׶ӵʶǹǵ˻ƵУ͵͵ӺݾڣӶӦϣ£Ѿ֣ͨӺݵĴС·ߡ
ڵľȫ˽֣طǴȻ찡ʮѾԥݣԥݽԿݾڱļݣһҪɣһ滹Ҫֱ£ݣǣݻģݾݱ˵ʮ򣬿Դ뽨ݾһΣҲֻǵ˰ǧѣڳҪԿݣҪֱפݱغͰݣԤݺͻϮ
ҪĴ̰ҲܿݶԴΣ͢´ּ⣬ҵȲΥǵҪôȥǳԮһߣҪˣ飬ô߲ɫƽ
һ

߲㶣һʱ仹ĲףǺ⣿
Ѿͨˣβʲô뵱ʲôʵֻۣ̫ƽȣǣûµϷһλŵСӣҲصĸҾԲᷴǴ볹ˣ
ʱǾͲǷ֮ʦַ룬ǣ
򸵵뷨ΰԾݡݺݣɶԷΪǱ̬˭ռʹ˭һλưµס
벻뵱ʵۣȫĿǰԣ򸵻ʱ̹ԥݵİΣ⵹θеһЩοϾ¡ֺܺãԼΪ粴ݰȫĻֵԥݾݣҪ֪ɾԥݣԥݾԽ٣ԽΣգˣɴ˿Ҫݾ⣬Ҳһ飬ԣĲϣλϵ
͢ӺݳΧǣӺʮפؼأפŹأפɽķߣһ򣬷ֱפػƺӼɿڣ˵ڵӺݣĲܺҳ
ΥǺ췴ûʲôˣȲѣαҪ֡
˾ӪУʵǲûУü
߲̾һٷĴɱӭУɶԷˣ
ţˣ
û뵽精Ȼɱȥһˣ֪ܿʵҲ˵ǰܣֻСģĽӴһ£̽Էʵͳʵ
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̩飡һΧȻ֪ʷǰ
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߲ŵͷΪ˽ΪӪµˮ룬ë
ûëë
Цһλε̫ЦԸȥ˰ɽнʵˮȫʱ̣Ǿȥ󣡡
߲ԣüͷ֮ͻȻһԴӣö
޶ɷΪݳֻΧκˣ
֪뵽Ƶ֮ߣǴһԼ๫ʲôɫܲ𣡵µһҪ˵ͳ̣
߲ſ֪Ҫʲô粸ӳԾˣ˼ǰôǣ๫취ȷУһǷǳУǣ精ȥ򼢿ʵˮ
£δ죬ɽˮΪʵв٣ʲôϰӰѰа
һʱ䣬ѸˮȫռˣϣͷʿǣΪʱִ̫ʿòˮⲻҪֻҪǧȥ󼴿ɣֻҪȺĵطС
ڶһ磬նһģƵӣɽ£߳һӺݾ

˧Ӫ⣬һС䵥ϥ¹򣬱ȭˣӺݾˣ
ŶǻʲôӪӭУ
̩ߺһӪӺݾֵɽӪм䡣
̩ĬĹ۲ӺݾΣγı䲢࣬Ӧɧսһ㣬̩ģǣֶӺݾ󷽣̳Щˣ
̩鰴ֵǣӺݾҲǰ㣬㿴ңҿ㣬ʹ˽
ӺݾҪʲôѵҪԾƶ
ȻԼӵбȶӺݾıǸ̩Ϊ˽׵룬ѡԾƶһΣԷҲѧԼǾͲ
ʱһţãûнӴһ£̩ߵĽЩˣ׷׿սӭУǸ̩һҲĵط̡
˺󷽶轹̩˵꣬ȥ
ϵ̫һߣҲһ𣬵罫ʿǣѾȵĺ䤱ˣ˫ǲֱֺ㶵ĶԳš
һһǧӺݾգĬǰ˼㡣
Ӻݾ󷽣δһֽɡïϽóһˮݸνӹ󣬺һڣһԵ߲̾Ǵǿĸ߼Ҿվһ磬ԹҲûУҲɽ⿴ž˴
ԿЦһشϣůļ紺ģ˿ȻҪӺݾҲ˰˾Ͳܲȵģ
ʱ䣬Ѿʱ̣ڽ֣Ŀ˵һʮվһ磬ǰ㲻ӺݾѾвܲˡ
ˣǿЩԺȰɣȥεˡ˵ڹʿǣʵŴҲܲ˰
߲ԣͷ嵽Ӫǰ棬֪ͨ粡
Ťͷһۺʿ䣬ֵȷܶ˳ֺ֧״̬ȻЩҡóˮһɤӣŽһȫˮ
˭һ£Ӻݾǧһ׷ͳˮˮʼԺߣһŴ棬ʼϣƹܣ˳Ե֭ˬޱȰ
棬һĻɵ۰ɶ˼бأ˵ˮˣˮҲû׼ֻܸɵۣ̿ˮˡ
̩֪һк󣬻صܵǰһۣȷȷʵʵĿӺݾڸʲôʱ˲׹ˡ
粣ñɰ
̩һתоϢӭУ


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ʱ̫Ҳһ㣬̩û뵽ΪԼСĽսС
ԼӣŸոճ󣬶ӺݾѾӦս׼һƤĨ죬ɢԼǰӳ嵽ӺݾٲʱûüһʸѾһı
ô£
ڸ̩黹û׶ΪʲôűʱԼߣ˺˻һƬҲ̶õľ
ǰŵͻȻ׹ͬʱвսҲѪĵضΪһǽͺײһɲǼ
ûӣЩսģʮ٣ֻǧƥѣʹãתۼϰƥɰѸ̩ʹļҪѪˡ
оõľǺͻȻ䣬ǵıսһƬˣ̩ŭ
ˣɽ𣿡һ쾪
̩һǰˣʱ䣬֪ΪʲôһʼΪǵоŵ֮ߣڿȫԤˡ
ǧӺݾһǧֳľƴܣֵļʸڶܱ󷽣ٻǹһţڴһǹ˺ӵǹǰλһǹһǧǹ㣬ȥתۼ䣬һǧѾ˹ˡ
ǹתΪɱǿ潫˴ͳͳˣһͻۺӣײһ𣬵¶½ңǻɹȻҲ˶֣Ҵսʸȥһ㶼ߣγɼɱоһȻܶʸ䲻оС
Լİӣһɵڵأ̩Ļˣ϶ܵ
οĶܵЩЧʱڵټױһľ񣬷ǿǣһľֵܵʸֵֵܵӵ
οʼЩǣܵŸոճ嵽ǹЧڣʱһġءУҽ˵ľ׷ɽƬƬľмӿѪڵϡ
⣬ȫûиˣ棬ҡͷ̾ߺզ찡ҪΪǧˣ
٣̩鲻ӲܵͲںˣһܵǰͺ̣ڷĺɱУڳ嵽ӺݾӪǰ
ɱ
ӺݾܱͻȻɢǧǹֱӳ˳ͬʱӺݾ󷽣ͬɱ죬ѾõҰΧһСֶӳ˴У۾ҪضϴǰŲӵ·һǧܵΧ档
Ӫ췭ɲͣα仯ϣǹ̾ͰѸոɱӺݾΧ
Ҳڷɿ仯ӦУǣƣǹɱս壬ٴְѴָ
粵ͳ̩̣ò̾ŮӦΪǿҲǳصģͳ˿ȶԷܶ൱ΪԼĸ߼Ҿһִģ粲ƱȨã˧ԶԼӦʤһŶԡ
ȻΪɹһ磬䤱ͣʱȫʢʱڵӺݴܵС
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һֱڹ۲ŴˣڿͻȻɱսţһϽԵͳͳȥ
ͨΪ죬ԶлβֵʸжƲһ㣬ͻȻͳȥΪʦԷǽ֣лǰʿÿһ󣬵
粳嵽ǰһɱУһ߻ǰָӣһ·ɱı䲻ȷĿ֪꣬һɱĸĵˣȥΧоͬʱҲʿʤһʱ䣬Ƶôˡ
ʾоӪѾؾӪУ뷢ʿӺݾ
ܱУǹڻѻ׼
粸߾ս´һʱܱ嵽ǰ߾ٴľܵоļʸ󣬻ǹڶܱ󣬳ŵоӪϣðͷļһ￪ǹ
˷ڻһӰ˹֣嵽ǰļʸͨļʸҲ鲼͵Ļһ֧֧Ŵļʸ
ȼ˴ɲǼ䣬ټ뷢Ƭ̣ӪУ¡¡֮춯أҽ˷һɹ̴ӾӪð
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һ£ۼڵӪӺݾҷֿʮŹ빥ǳʿͳ˹
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粵Ĺе࣬ǳһȻ٣ǣǲУѵկҲ
ڹǳǰľľӪֽͬºͰһľǽˡ
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Ȼ޷磬ȣһӪ赲ӺݾĽ粿·ͻϮԼһУȴٴιоڶӪǰ
粵Ĺ̫ˣȫ̩鴭Ϣ֮һһ׷ʱ̩Ӫͱһ룬ӪأȫˣһӪͻƣֻ̩ܳˡ
ӪƣҪؾ棬ܣֻ̩ٴӪ赲оȫ˻֡
ǧһ·׷ɱʮڶ̶̰ʱ˽ʣӱӺ׷£֡
ٷˣٹȥ͵ˣפǧݾҵðȻɱȻˣʱݾɱɾͲˡ߲ѵ
ס֣ͷȵȫӪ
Ŷ
һ·׷ɱӺݾߺ㿪ʼսɱѺ²һɽ
һս̩ʧأ˰ǧ߼Ҿ˵սһǧеȫջ٣һӣҵһˡ
˳𲻱ǾӣСǣҪ׽㣬ܾݲж
̩Ĵܣĸ߼Ҿʿʱڿ޷ˣңûŪףܷĶʲôǰԼٳˣ
̩߻ͷߣʿ磬ǵˣ֮ԣ΢΢ֻһǧˣٶѣѾһʤˣǣһƬǽս˱ڷյľӪʵڸ˲
ҲãӺҲգ룬ɹţйˣɱɱʲô˼ɴһԻȭƴƣڸһˣ˭Ӯ˷أ˭ʧأ̫̫ƽƽĲͦõںˣһ̣ҪһˣǺοأ
ʵα˭е磬Ͳܴڣ޵ģͳһȫǻڹأҪҪ򣿴սˣͳһȫ򣬲ٷѣɱ׼һUFOͻȻˣߣѰҵһܾס򣬿ȴΪԭػҪ򣡶һս


146 սȼ
ʱ£ɽһսȥʮ죬һգδ뼱ææĸϵɽӪ
Ⱥʱˣ
ΣӪ棬η־ۼ˲ˣ˷ĵҲ׷ױȭƺһ
ԴһսܴεĵλҲˮǴߣһıͷΣھл
ææһʲôѵôʹˣθоЩ⣬ӣɨʿǰ򵥵ģһðܱʤǾ͸ˣ
ȷˣǴݾ㿴
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154 ѿд
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һսβٵˣûˣǲ·ԴԺҲˣɴ࣬Щ˿ܵĥʯһ·ĥǣ

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158 ƹ
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үͷ͢汣ӱٳ˺С
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ŭγïʹʹɫһֵ»ӵĶï𾪣ǵˣҵжʮ󳼶ڿأһҪȥԼ鷳ɾԲС
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ɱ
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ŭ󣬴־׷ɱ൳Ҹţ
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һֻץס¡گ飬˳ļ̳дͳˣ


160 ɱ
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ѿҲҪӣ죡
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ӣ׷ȥǵ˿Ҳ׷ϰһ־ѵ
ʾǰȣӿɲˣֻҪץ¡ôлᣬᵽӡ
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⡭
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163 鷳
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164 Ϊ
ʹɣЦľ򽻵ͬԼԴϣһСľ͵ˣοɲȥȻܲȥɶͷأԼϵʹ磬Ҳһɫ
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ݷٸոſڣ³һ֣һԵͻȻŭһ
զⲻҪľ𣿡һѽĿ衣
ˣҲòļɣ˵ˣɸ֪ȥСǾԻῪսģһٸͬ⡣
Ҳǣɡ
˵ţݷټȰɸ浽ȥջܺңҲˣַһһͿɹԲĻص룬֮ҶȥɻΣǼԷŮӣӦòѰɣ
˵ûУҲӦģһݵݷ٣ͻȻᶨ

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165 Ź
ǸҼӺ๫ҾҲŹģ
ݷͻȻץסţ˻ߵļţգֻεһЦߺ˳˧÷ϻ̬һǰͺ̵ˣҵãֵϲҪң֪
ݷͻȻϽθһӿͬҲһŻ˰죬ɶҲû³ܵʹ㻹Ǳ˵ˣθֲġ

ͷ­һ˦һ߱ߵ˵Ůͷʶ̣񱾹˸߶˴ϵΣμƷУȻ˶ͣʵŮӵı
ۿҪ߳ΣͬʱҪŮٴ˵ʱͻȻһת߰ɣϴװι˯㹻ˣҰ޵ȥ
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ӺǣҲýʹˣֱӺ˾ͽϡ
˾ͽɲιһԼгһǵıκݷһмӣξ֪ѾľҪˣҲĽʲô
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ʮһ·ʮ죬·;ɽˮʯڣػ͹ųңң
ػͣϱʮĵطڼʶˣҲ㲻ˣϧҪæŸ·ûʱͣҪգúһ
յϢһλεˣճӭʵξܵǰ˻档
ճͲʮ壬ɿȴʮ࣬ȴеĴֿ󺺣ǼΪŵһλˣֻǱķɳ࣬Щɣʮֱ룬ŨüۣʱҲһλӢĽѹְ˾ޣĹ͵ȷС
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ݷһһ˫۶Ȼû뵽ξȻܿ뷨
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ݷһ˿ޣһҧ촽๫ٲҲֱɵСǿǧ򱶣
ɫһû˵ұǿ˵㣬ӵ𣿡


166 
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һʮ죬ÿζݷ﹤ȻŮԴǲģϴԣմǰ⼣ȥ治ҰѴŮ͸ɸ統š
ۿܾҪˣǺް취Σֻʱݷðɼӡ
ŶƵ֡˿ǲһڲٵĺδһʼЦͷоЩˣֻܰڰ֣˾ͽȥԼǹܵľɫ
һУִ˶ԣʵģȫˣܵķ飬ϽرЩ۴紩ţòͺ˲ͬģһ˵Ľ룬ҲûǸо֣Ͼ˿֮·̷ƼܣֻǽЩһЩЩСչƷëĺ̡
Ȼռ죬ǵصȴûиı٣ܼٴ۾ӣ߸ߵıڵ촽ɴһȣ欵˸棬̾Ǵ鰡
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Ѿģ˭ϻúķɡСŭ
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ߵſڣͻȻŲһ٣Ťͷ˾ͽ飬ȫȨˣ㶨ˣȥʱһOK
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˾ͽĺݺһ㣬ָνнԶŭ⼸ԼԶԶĵε˺󷽡


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ɱִ֪к֧֣ܶзɱĿѧң۸õصģ޲ųꡣ
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һ죬нεĿˮˣɳˣ˾ͽأˮų粻֮࣬ɵ󣬶ֲʲôǺʲôˣʱ⣬οڵĵһ仰ģɴ˿ɼŮҲ۵ùǺ
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169 س
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˴Բӣެɡ룬ռһǣǣƣ֣ĿɲǱˣͬެҲҪսУԣ˿򡭡

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ˮԴȷǸ鷳ε˴ˮֻܼʮ죬ȥһʱ䣬·ȥȷãǣε֪УﲻԶӦþˮԴΪ޲
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أŽͻȻ𣬻ܺȾƴƨǸ־ŭĳֵԽԽңޱȣ֪ǺڷҪѯʱǰͻȻһװˣһֱӽǵ
ǵֵǣ˿
ͻȻһͷ˳һȣʱҿϹһɢȫ˵㳡⣬ѪͰɻױ¶ڻ¡
Ǳǵĵ̣ɱҵ֣ðֵǣҰǻ⽴
ԷֻжʮˣŭЦʲôʱԼȻ˿ˣŶʮ˾͸ɱϳβŭ
㳡˷ٶ䵶˶
δ嵽ǰͻȻһը죬ͷѪĸߴͷҲǣԴĪһѪ죬һ͵Ѫ¡
嶼סˣ⾿զˣϴʲôҪſڵ˽£ѵǺȶˣƾԿƲסһѵʺŴԴðûи׵ļƻȻһը죬һԴһ㡰ͨһ˵ϡ
ûʸԸ˾ֵһһĻ̫ˣҲ֪˭ҺһʦһȺСһɢɲٻǵĻȻ壬ӵͳѪǡ
ʣ͵ʮа˾Ŷǵˣ˱ϾֻȻѪƽ٣ǲʲߣҪоͣϰ䣬ǿ壬ǾͲˣǷˣ
ʮѪ˭Ǹξ˲սѪɱ溺ӣǣͬ׵ĸ򣬼ֱһ
սӰӣԶӳһǽϣһ谵Ľ䣬Ƶ˳Ŭ촵˴ð̵һѾСǹյϣڴóī׼һЩ˺ӳʼͷ
ѪĬϣӻλСֵЭ£ս˰ȻֻһζӵһѪУ㵱ʱϵƺò˳ȴⱰɵļһ͵͵յͷ
ɱ
ѪɱһƬûù񫣬Ƿ·ɱۣ׷ܵһ·ɱ˹
һɱȥλһʱ˳ȺҲǣսƷòȥ
ӵĻѪǶʱ͸оˣ·Ѫ˱ɽϣ˲ˡ
ǣⲻǵսûˣɶѡ
̤һصʬ壬ߵݷѾԲѣ°ͣǷǿһȷŮûʱȻļ
αһɺûѾԺȽһҪ֪ɱ۵ˣͬͻƨɣĲð
ŶӣˣҸղŷǵı⡣
⣡
˫üһͷЦţȥ
˵ţ˺Ƶ·ݷٸϣ赲˵ĽŸŰһ·նƣһƣװεüãɨҲɾмһƤ̸ǵĴѾһͨӳ
ⶼҵˣа
Ǻǣ˭Ѵм䰡й𡣡ЦţŻѾʹν˱⡣


173 սƽ
˵һΪʲôҪֹʵʵĻȥĶȢ檣̵𣬺αأοأοһҵıǱ̾Ѱ
Ȼ󣬿Ҳʮƽˣһ˿һ鱦Σ۲˽ļһҲܹƳҲҪڰϰһӴĲƸ㹻ӻˣεڶܲףΪʲôǻҪɱԽ
ϲãҲһϰˣɱǵӺ͹ȥƵá
ȫߡ
ΰһ̾ӻðɽ˽չβƸ
ʮˣϰƥսҪЯЩȻҪǹƥûбߣζ޷Щȫ뿪ء
߳ң棬ֻڸʮץ̷ɰ
ЩﶼǵİɣʮƥǸ뿪ɡ
Щ̷û뵽þˣһﻹȫ˻ϲοͷлȴûһ뿪
˭߰û꣬һߣһզ죿
ҲϣҹģҲ뿪ҵط˯£ԼæŰ˲Ʊ
һֱæҹõ˵ؽĲƱַȥϢڶһ磬׼̡
ӣô죿ȫѩƤݷ٣ߵʵ
ɨһۿƻԲѣʵƤݷ٣ҡҡͷ̷æȥ
ǣ
ݷֱӵ̷ĳԣѯǼ䣬Щ̷мεľ֮޲ǵͷŵ֤չ˺ݷ١
ε˿ͷβһ·̷ǽأźȺ̷
εڶػס죬ʱһĲƱ˼ӣãԼǴһƱֱˮȥ
ºκѪֿǻͲƱˮԪﴦǴŰɻȥӺǻ㱨롣
빬»سǣһĸ£ۣĸۣ˻ʵ񣬽һеջԼެҲһ뿪
գαŮһգ뿪ʹָͣϻˮǼԼŮ
รҵıŮιûаһţʹ绳ŮűƬ̣ССӿˡ
㻹ҿޣСҴƨƨ
θŻ꣬СͿ޵øˣֱŮ˼º󣬲ŰСЦˡ
οҡͷæŮʶˣԺҪΣ˵ð
صҵĸо˵õģıӷ˯һڶˬ󣬱յ˴봫Ϣ
ɶӵָĽˣ
εĿԺÿ춼ڽ뿪ĸ£Ժ﹤ǵı£ٴһΣߵӵȻˣɵȷǺϢһ룬Ǽ͵ӵ
ǰӵʱξͻͼֽӵԭȴ˹ǣѾһˣǿˡ
鷳ıӵ׻⣬ھȻҩʦʯĥɵķۣ̣ǰһüȼĵ׻Ūˡ
֪ʯǴʯҪĲϣֻ֪ӵĵ׻ǲģҪֻҪĻҩУû뵽˻ˡ
Ҫȥ֪ķܲǰⶫһǹҲҪз
ӵȻˣǣҲ鷳Ǳݷǹ޷ڵӵˣӵҪóҪܳһǹʱ䡣
λʦļҪ͵ĻǹȷˣֻҪǹŪ˴ǵ⣬ϾǹܴǧԶֻҪã߰˰ڶĿ꣬ڵİ׿ǿ̫ࡣ
оҪѵģһλһʲƵĲƸǮͶʽȥԺˡ
񣬴Ժ飬θҪˣҲûиеʱ䣬ԼǻˣɴŻڼݿأյϢƾǧǹνսսѱѪ˲أǹ˼Ͷɻƺӹݣضǵ·粿¶Ҫһ·ʧˣ
ǺϢͬʱҲлϢǱǴжˣ
ȥ󣬴Ͳϸʩѹһȥʵܲ˴ߣʮЭӺݣȥ̩鱨
̽ӲŻ㱨ʹյϢʮѾˣǱ·ѡ񹥴·ߣɽ¤ݶǡ
뽨һʮսҽ٣󣬲սûУҲǼٵģɹŵһһ䣬ɹĴǨƣ޷սһδδˡ
ڵݣʮٲʢ˿꼤ѾߴڣսҴ죬һﶯʮɱνҪ֪ЩɲǾͬսʱʮϵжǶǱ
ǿҲˣҲţξЩˣѾȥսʱˣܵʮѵǾٹ֮ЩܰɣҪǴϱɱҲͰˣֻһ⾹öþٹ̫֮Сˡ
˼Ҿˣ볯͢æճ̴ӶػͽлںͬˣճòڼŹˣճ̺ܲģɷˣǳ͢Ҫʹ
͢Ҳɷֻճ̴һЩפػ͵򾫱Բյˮ壬ȥؽһְŹغء
һξ͸оˣ
Ǹٽף⸨󽫾ͳʮ򿹻ǣʮǴȥ꿪ʼٵڣǿĿ˵±ӣս̥ˣճ̶ظ֤ԼפڶػӪؾ׾ٵʮ±ҪĶʮ򾫱̸ף
ң˭ȥãƫƫһοǺһȻճһģʼȴʮʮ¡ˣõʱȫӺݣֻ֪Ү裬Ҳ¡ֶŮ粻ң¡ķԸץɹˣңһɽƳȥ
¡Ҫɸùϵһ壬λ֪ʱ¡ģһֱ޷³ʱľ棬Ϊʲô߰ˣ
ڻͷ¡ľٶβɵӺѾ׵ˣӺǿռҾΪ¡ôԺǾֻܸԸΪˣ
ֻ̫ƽνǣ񾡣ذԼ֪һ㣬ѵճ̾ɵǲ˴м˿ˣ


174 
湻İһŴڼݶԿɣһ˳أһָֻţճ̱ԻҵľͲˬˣڰڶػ͵ıȨתʮ±ӣҪȥУ
𿴹ˣҲˣһΣͲеڶΰֻҪԶ룬ճ̾סˣ±ǿˣɱסһֱӰбȨ
Ȼεĺ˼룬¡᲻ռҵǻʱ֪ˡ
Ϊ˲ðΰѿǧ֧ǹȫ˳ȥЩǹ֧ǱҪɵģΪ˱İȫ֤ճ̴ʤ̣ѡ
͢Ҳôһ㽭ɽЦԭǹǧ֧ǹҲ䱸ճ̣һһ֧ǧ˵ĻǹǽˣΪ˰ѻǹӵЧ÷ӵβòһɽսڡ
ճڽΪصĽ죬ʵ֪سʵǵһһģɶŹ⣬һˡ
ǣӴͨӺݵĵ·ɲֹһ˼Ǳ·ӺϲֻɽһضѣĶֻܺͶԷӲˣһ±ƿɾȫչֳˡ
ճ̰պСһսãεĻǹսսģһս¹شʱҲˣѾʮ˶ڻ֣ʱܱճһߣµͻȻϮҹ±ʵǻǹΪƽ룬ÿַϰ̶ʱ䣬ӵӻһգνճ̰еĿյͻ룬Լ͢ѰֵԺӵ
ӵִԣûʲôѣǹŴ鷳̫ˣ٣ҺΣգûҩˣʱӵŪըˣԺ˻ãһˣ϶ӵǳ͢ŹˣûôˣϰΪӵˣΪȷȫͱ֤θϽлҩʦǣͣһʱ䣬̵ûҩԱ
̱뱣֤ڣ볯͢ΪһսæĽͷöƿش֣Ｏݣæžﱸʱʱˮѯλǹ״ֱӽԪӦԼ͵͵С
ӦһЩСսۿԳУɶڴսȫ֪͵øء
βŸոϢһߣˡ
սһ죬սξ͸о쳣ˣ򹥴¤򹥴ݶǣоȻ⵽ճɹȥѾõĻǹƵ粽УɽٵģǴʮճͳ±ûлǹİ£Ӳͦ죬ֱǧɽزŶǧ˾վ¥ͬ˵ľһˣÿջƻͣսսʬ嶼ϳ¥ˣ
ɽȻûƣǵʹһȥɽرɰ
ɱһǧ˰ٵսۣûʤԣɴͷ·һӲҪˣɽĲݰ
͵ĴճǱѹصʮһʱĹƲŻǲòճʵ̫ˣһıǿʮһȻ޽չǿˣճõ±±սʵȻܺǴƽ֣ҪȥҪô
Ҳû˱ָʮӺݣ˵Ҳܴ죬ԷȻ࣬ȻսȴǼδδţһսҳ壬ϣˣҪǹԶ˽˷ݰ
ţһΪǹ̼Զǿǿܴ׶Ͻ𣬴һֱǿ룬ƫƫҪӲϣںˣˣȥǰ׷ѹ˷ѱˡ
һսֵʮһѮȴٳٲ˱ǲˣֹԣӦǺ£ȻһϢˣʱ˴鷳С
һͳ˧͵ɻƺӣضڼݵĿɴͬһʱ̣ҲֱƼݣһʧıɣݿҪˮ֮ˣ
ܵϢޱȣڼݱ·Χ˵ģɲŴ
롢ɣǴĳЭ飬βѲ³Ϊʲôìͷָ룬ǹĳ
ǹ˵вǾ޴ģɺճ̽Źˣ˶ˣ޿˵ɰգΪǹȲȺˣɻûַɣɾһ϶롢룬ᵽǹ֮պٷ£
ȻǧǹȻڱض·ȻݹݿԾ͵زӵأΪŴ׬սοһӵ͹ȥѾʮˣǴԺһӰӵϹģͬʱҲܿӵľж޴ˡ
ͲӵҲ޷ĵĵͻڴսһʼ̵ٴαضϣͻҩֻӺݾ͵ȡģҪ֣ⲻ˲ƣڸոȶ룬νٴˮС
ͯ꣬ʮ³ˮСѩ׷ɣУαŮһڣӷ໳Уḧһ·СεȻһЦת뿪Է
⣬ɻͶʮѪѾʱһһͬ뿪򸮣棬Ѿͣ˰һ£˸սһ·Ŷ
һӵβòȥΪûԸȥֻ󽫾ɱȴûʵʵжҲǣıڱ߹أȥԮļݾˣǳʲô
ݶ赲ɣʾͻƴİΧȦ
˲࣬粱൱ǴԱߣһ룬߱粸߳ڼͻΧ޹ֻεģʾ˻ǡ
һ½ɳʮӽǡεС̫ԭһ·ʼ޼ɵռ켽һǳأ粵˾·ȫضϡ
νƴŴΧɽƵ粽ʱͻȻΧ粣ںɱȡݽǳء
ֱʱ򣬴ĿĲԶ׼θоǺΧ壬ͻȻͷ֣ԼԷӸΧˣ
ȻСǾϰյѾĽͰˣһ˽ҪǹݰһӾЩƽˣֻðɱڵǿʱ˳˾飬ѩŴγɹȡݣȼü֮
ҲֻǴսĿʼΧʱܷͦȥͻΧҪġ


175 նľ
ӣˣٷ˱ǣȥİǺʱ
İ˵볤ٵԶˣƿͷ
ȷǰ֣ǳٵˣǵ·߼ΪգÿնнǧڽǺͳμѲߣǲҵȿǰ̾
Ҳһ̾һ·Ȼ֪ĴɻƺӺ󣬱㿪ʼӽһ·ϣȡ˽ǡƽΡк̫ԭҪݴмƿ粸ǣͬʱǵĽ·
һ࣬ɲΪϢͬʱ룬͵͵£붫빲ͬἽѵսսԵĲ࣡
ΰ̾һͷԽԽƲ㣬ץסë׵ѩƤ£˽ڣΪůͣⶫǵĴϷֵģһһһǣ湻ݳ޵ģҪ֪˴һѩƤֱǼֵǰϧһݷ٣ε壬Ҳջˣһûȥ󣬱ԪƳ׸СеøˣмζԴκںƤ´ɱްﴩţůˣŲں˼һ᲻ء
³һڰλѩ׼ϰײ
֮ʱξ׼ÿŰ£ǰ׵ģٰҲŪˣѩٺ󣬿Ӷȼأ˵˿ˣԸӳǰ޷峵Ӻ
һгӣٴɽּɹٵŶһɽȵĹȿڳȥ
ѩ׷ɣ赲ߣҲͬڵǵߣû뵽Ÿո·ٵãͻȻɴǿĻѩѶյ棬Ƭ̣һãд׷ˣ
û뵽ôͱˣѵʱ򣬾ͱǵ̽ӶˣҲ԰Լ˿Ƿųһ·۲ʻһ£ߵĶɽС·ʱǺڣɽҰ̣û֪ǵм
ӣҪ˻ְɣ
УǾں棬ˣɣ̽·ʱǰе飿οʵ
ûа˵ǰ棬ڣҲӰü
·ԶʱǴɨӡĺۼǲˣԾټ˸˹ֻȳǣǱߴС·߷࣬ɽҰڱΣȳǻûбȡ·ȳǿһ·ˣ
ȳǹٵ
̫ðˣûͻҲͰˣںϰְѩʽʱȡѩɽ·ڹٵֱѩٶȼΪ죬ٿ죬첻Ҫһ·ͻƵ̸ס
ҶϺǰĳӴӱ··ڵ·Ϊ㣬ɢǼϣ𡣡θ⣬˿ӱȳǳȥ
ӣһ˶ڣҲֱ׷أĵϾ취ΣգױԷһƣңϺȻɶʩС
뵣ģǲ֪жˣѵǾ֪ããѩУҪ׷̸ףԻѡȫķʽ׷һ·ץסҺ󣬱ʳǵŸɢ׷٣ֻҪܶһʱ䣬˾ͰȫˣղŰѾǰ涫Ϸ̽ˣƬɽȫǿľֻҪӵǾͲýˡ
˵ʱ˶󷽡
Ѫ뿪ԣΪ˱ӣλ֧Ѫֻɻߣ˳һһԶԶĵ˳Ӻ󷽣ǰĳӣѾʼһˣӣģĶӣתۼʧããѩС
󷽣Ⱥҵ̤棬ԽԽɶĿͬһ㣬㿴Ҳн
ԷȻ࣬ҪθԷǣԷȫѩڵߣǾвҪӻ׾ٵģһξҪǲˣʱһãҪԵģɾͲֹˣ
׷ѩʼ䣬һڵӰεУȺ̤ɵѩͬ˰㱼ڶȻֻٶˣǵΣֻˣͬʱȥľǼΪ׳۰
ܣ
δһһ˦֣һƬѩ
ɿһѻǹźӰءһ˲ʱһˣʱε
ǻǹȻǵоҿϣץģҪˣĴ˷ޱȣץǰˣϾܱʳǴеĿģͬʱҲǴһ˵ĵһѻǹǱȥģܲǴ
ǹѾвʱˣǳ룬ûϾֻ˻ǹСսǻδһֱѻǹԼ뿪Ļǹѣ͸ɵġ
û뵽һ·˶Էԣǿʼ׷ʹһȺҰǡ
ĿѩٶȸȲսһյĹ򣬾ѾԷ׷ʮڣİһ֣սתͷŶȥ
أ
ٴοһǹͬʱȵСֳүү
Ҫûа׷ˣǴдĻǹǼһΪʲôôҪǰ
û뵽ԼľٶöԷ׷ţҪٴγȥȻߵǶϣղ˼ʮɾ룬ڻͷһмѾ
ã
ɻڵĳӶˣŭ֮£ǹȥȻһҲֻǶʮһ߻׷Ŷӵء
ֻһˣһ·ҪصߣȻԿ춯ҷֿʼӶȥ
߰ɼҪһҲùһȺһǳպŮȫķˡ
ӿҪˣ˵ţץסΣһӣৡ£Ͱϵնϡ
ˣ
᲻׻Ⱑǻ˫ֽսͻȻһһ¡
أأ
Ƶ磬գۼ䣬֣Ӧϣضľοս䣬Ҳûս˻һҵļʹ˳˳ȥ󷽵ѩٶȶʱԵĻԶͣʱͱסˡ
һƬ⽣ӰУҺ֮ԶԶ𾪣δйʹĸоΪԼȻһУҪԺһĸŮ
ȻΪ˷ܣĽˣ׷
ѻΧסɱҲϷŹϰԼκݺһҧץסϵ֣ŶϷɽϵĿֳȥ
εķӵȷЧˣоûעĳӣǣû뵽ûǰɽأͱԷ׷ˣһΪѡ˷Ҳǵ˹һᱻ׷ϰɣ


176 
ããѩУٶӰ׷˿⣬ǹ۲Ƭ̣һΪ׵ͷץޣָһŽӡȵӡ⣬׷
ݣ
ﲻԼͬĳС
һӺһ׷ǰĵȴûϣκӰ
ӣҿѣߣҲҪڳ
һƬֲ󣬲ʱ˾꣬ǾûзְӰǽǼ䣬һ嵽ǰУξˣҷǰ㼣Ӷɽˣ
ǻʲô׷
μѵһɽͷͷһ·ɽŵƼӰ½ջĿǰɽб¿һۣһԾѩؿ»ȥ
ƬɽƲߣ·ͨ˴ׯ࣬λûܳ·ͷһСׯһϲУʱһ
Уڵַ˴гڣҪܻ񡣡
ƽС岻˿ڲϰ٣ʱȳ棬һȫ˶ˣ׷뿪ᣬۼڴйžԣǶŵĿͻȻӵĴ
ȲҪţ׽˵ģ峤ڣ
С϶ڣ֪үҪץ˭ǴӶЩʵֵˣû˰һСͷ߳Ⱥŵùڵص
УξĿһɨ־ۼĶһЩ棬ǰҲֻʮһ꣬üͷһ壬ѵǴû׳
عүжˡС϶⻰˵ԲļһܻҪǵ
УξȴûԸ˵ѡ
ǣ
ٶ׷ʼһӵķҡ
Уξˣʮûз֡
Уξˣʮûз֡
һ㱨ϢУξüͷתͷŭӴ峤ȵѵû·ˣ
үǴط䷿ᣬͨ˴ǳ·زˣǲǹүˣ˲ûأֻߣˡС϶ü
Уξԣһɨ濴ª쳣Խ壬һЩǽСӶˣοǳˡ
˴Ŀģǣʰһ·Ӷ˾Ѵ˴ΪģɢҪŹκһ˵ĵط
ǣ
ܿһɢʼӴɢ˷·
뿪ȫ˸ԻصУһƬǽķ䣬ɰ̾ʲôӰһ׳ץȥҲˣЩΪʲôܵǴڣ䵹ƹܵúö˶˵ķӣһƬ
뿪˰ʱ󣬽ָĴģ֮ǰ˾ۼڵĹžԣ峤СͷȻˣ˿ɡ
СͷգԵľͻȻ¶Сҿû󣬱һλѩƤµꡣ
л˼ңγСͷ
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181 
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󺺵һѾ湫ǰڼξսصȻһˣһʹȫ䣬ͬʱ˰湫ؿǰӼһѪӡ

ͻȻһƺѾǵһ㣬յתһ߳Ѱ湫Ӻݺ߷⣬˶ϣӵ˰湫Ӳϡ


188 һ·
𶯣С
󺺺μŰ湫˳
ˣ
˴ˣҵȽʬΡʣ༸ΰΧס
ûӵĽʶĶ˿ûУ㣬˵ľǣҹͷУ㣬м򡭡˵ţ޶ԣŭһûУ
ֱһ湫ӲϣѪ˳ŵüȫ˿
ҶкǾһһȾȥ
·ٱÿֺȻ湫ӵݲͣҪȻһǲѷɿ
Ϊӵ𣿡湫

õݺһ°湫ӵԴѰ湫Ӵŭ
ΰѵܻذ湫ӼϣЦòӾˣҲ㡣
湫һٻӦ֪ԼĴϵ⣬׸һУҪСӣˡ
ǽ뿪Ⱦȴûʮƣɽһϯˡ
ֵǣߡ
治֪ﷴĽһȺɵñǸҡͷ׷׸ߺҪ߾һߣҪһʲôͬͬͬԸͬͬͬȵ֮ǻðɣҡͷ˿ܶԼã翪ˡ
ߣھԾٴŭһΣȻЭˣڷϻ׷˵СУתۼʧӰ١
СֵܣҲ߰ɡ˵
ԣҲǣ˵ɣˣǿʲôˡ
ҪСʱȻһƬϣӰǵ˿ĵӰ㣬һһԾ䣬УֻǼӣżڷ߱ڡ
ʲô°ƨ붼֪ոܵǰﷴȫﱻĸָոˣ˰湫ӣԷǿ߰
βҸ߻󺺣һѰ湫ӸˣʱҪҼˡ
߰ɣϺ󡣡תѵڰ湫Ӽϵ
һһΣҡҡͷУСֵҵľˣϺ󣬻߰ɡ
вУߣ
ڵİ湫ӣľݰֲãһ̣һֱһԼոˡ
ҪˣҲûˣСֵܣ߰ɡ󺺼Ȱ˵

ΰһװҡŽŭأ
𼤶С˵ˣҵѾ׼ˣϾһ
ִⲻ뿪ѪȿӿûеˣҪһܱ
ȾߵһݶɫµŮվһţٳְ湫ӵκͻ󺺡
ĿˣԴºˣ˴ҪҵȰƨɡһݵЦ
Ҳ˵ʮУҪѪɷǰǹܺԼɡһòŵӵ
磬ҵѪɷȲϽˣֻǼС׶ѣҪΰ񽻸ңﷴˡӲм
Ӳһһλڳ¶ֵĶŮӣȻεεЦ˼һļЦ֪˭ΪϾţҹںԺڵĴҹ˼˯˯ã
ɧǣǹҽ㣬û˯ɡЦ
ߺΣôĽҪҪ㹲һްŮӽЦţ˫ֱ磬ǰĵ強˲٣ڳŵøˣһ־޵׵Ԩһ֮£ĿʱС
ǣӶɫƽ·ѿһ㣬Դ˲мһˡ
ݶ˽̸䣬ߵϣһ󺺽μݳץŰ湫ӣ˵󣬴˵һ䡰ˡһڰ湫ӱϣֱӰѰ湫߷ɵĽ
죬ͷһȻʲô
ҪԶţҺк𣡡Դǵ
ҿ
üѪ׼жĽһŤͷ˦޾ʹһܣ
żǡϰٱ׼һʱ䣬Ҽ뷢ûʮԶͱ˴⬣ڹٱںżгţ滹һܣǰƤëҲûˣֻǲ֪Ļûгɴ⬰ˡ
ܣ
ο˦ޣֻҪսǰ·ڣôǴˣ棬˿ɲҺҷżʱնӣ漸ʻǺܴġ
ˣҪҪ׷ݶϣһͷ쵭Ȼ
ҡҡͷˣǼ֣ûа㣬һεĽѵԺ޴󣬻Ǹ׽ðɡ
һһ˦磬ֱӴݶȥ󼸸䣬ʧ·С
ߺ磬ҷȥˣרŲԱĻᰡŮӹȵ
߰ɡ˵꣬Ҳݶ෴ķȥļҲæ档
Ůӿ˵ıӰֿһߵڣȻһЦҲݶȥ
ÿÿ
μͻȻͳ嵽˴ϣŵýֵϵ˷׷Ӵܣָ֣ŭֹǴĿ󣬶ʱ;ˣΪϣ˼ʸȻͲƽõģţĽŵĹٱȫ˳׷ȥ
죬ǰա󺺴Դе
λͷһ۸첲мĻ󺺣ɾ̾󣬸ղżʸܼˣû˼Ҫ￴η֣һĴҲмˣ鷳ˡ
ܡ
һ֣һں󣬻󺺴Ŵ֮·
ûӳԶͱĹٱ׷ϣͬʱݶҲһӰȻǲŹζˡ
д⻢Դ㶺ˣǰѰ湫ץạ̊́ڣԷ޹˼ɣƻҪء
󷽼ʸٴϮ󺺲ָ·ֻ˵䣬ͻӵ
Ż󺺵ָʾٴιһһ̣סˣΪǰһͬ
ǲ˵˰ü
ʱˣҪЦθɴһˡ
ǰߵԺӣ졣󺺽˵
ΰֱӸϵ˺ͬͷԺǰһ֣ͻȻͣ׼ոס壬˭ϣĻ󺺾ڵƵãݺװıƺһʹϷɳֱײԺӴš


189 ɻ
ߺҵ찡ɶ°
ɫʹŻ󺺵߲ɡ
ǰұߵһ䷿ܵ㡣˵
һϲϴ󺺸첲ϵƣȥ
˷İ輫Ϊªһһ¹ûУηſ󺺣ףóӰ湫˿ʯש϶һʯש˿󣬷Ȼǿյġ
ȥ졣˵꣬Ż˵ضУԼٰʯשŲԭλ
·ĵضֻа˸ߣģֻǰΪĳٶҲ죬һƼ࣬ر۶˼ʸ󣬴˿ڣһ·ǵѪģ棬ʱʱʪѪҺǵְ
Žǰûע󺺵ƣѪ֪࣬һǴܲܳסһ棬ǰûѪǴԺſһ·ε˴£ôĽͲԺӣֱӾͳﱼʱ鷳ɴˡ
ܿ죬ǣⶴȻвҲֹһᳵ·ǰνں˶ĪԼһյʱ䣬ͻȻվβһϲⶴվˣվĵط˳ɾǳˣֻЩǣ֪ʲôط뿪ûð
һ˿ضʱƺһ˶ڣҲϽϡ
ЩͣﲻʲôСԺȻҲǽֵһ

󺺺һָһСֵܣֽǳ൹
ϲǸˣٺһЦŷ೵ԣ÷ҰһԵĹν˶ٽʯש˳㣬ѳֱѹʯϡ
һĻ󺺰̾һѾǵܵˣʣµ֪ܾǼΡ
˵ǣָκﷴ
ʵҪ˵Ҳ㲻ϣϾ»û̫ƽֻʼŵǻƵ۰ˣСˣȻͱϷıǩ
Сֵմһ·һʵ
ڣӺʿ֪ϸգſھһ֡
ŶԽǴֵܣҽɻǰŸոռԥݾأҵȾɢˣ֮ҴһЩֵܣɱ٣ҿֲֵĪҲѧһЩȭŵģ˵󣬷֪ǲҪ̽ʵ
Сˣ˵ЩҲǵģ粽һСආЦ
Ŷս
ɻԵͷ˵սǣҲ֪ʱͻΧȥӺݲ
οɻĵǣγǣŴ˵˵ɱɺӱˣǱְ·һ߰ΧӺݣһ߰Χ粺񴣬ӵ֮أԽԽǿȥذɡ
ˣֵΪɻͻȻʵ
ˣҲĿڵ
ˣ˭ɻ
Ż֪ϸʶ˵꣬ĿһգգĶɻ
ĪǾսķҵжţֻ⻪Щ
ɻüãͻȻ˫üһĪǾǽձѺε
Ӧûֻ޷ȷǲԲðȻ֣ɣȥ·ϣ·ȾͱٱΧſڡοЦ
ԭˣرɭϣֹƶˣֵĪҪɻȰ˵
ۼ䣬ɻ߳ֶһҷɻƹӺȵն⡣
ƹһ̧һɫ䣬ҴҵĴӺ̨˳Ϣ˵Ⱦˣһ⣬ڿûˡ
ϻˣ׼䣬Ҫˡɻ
ƹӼɻϴˣҲϻˣϽһСɻ߽˺Ժ
Ժһ䷿ɻóҩ׼ɴ㼸ӰѸ첲ϵĶϼݺݰ˳Ѫˮε۲ѣͬʱҲɻüͷûһ£ֱӾͰμˣֹعι˵ζ
ɻ˿ڣûƬͣ߰ɣ˵ز˾
ȥģü
ǣ
ô飬ܰˣκɻĻ񶼱˳ҪǣܣֻһˣѺ£ϴףڻһװܰȻ뿪һɻͳȥˡ
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ɻ¼Ϊкܶܵң֮ǰȾҲһΪζصأֻǲ֪ΪΣ˸ʶˣ˵飬ɻڻ벻ˣԼֵܣԣҪʹףͻȻͳڼ顣
κ·һֱͷ飬ο϶ڼģɻǲţΪ˲ֱԳУңֵ˶ĺһĺӣԴˣֻҡͷЦҲԴ£ʡɻΪ䡣
ʱ󣬵һװˣ̶ֵʱɻҿһ£ûʲôҪֱ߹ȥȻһץס
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εĻɻüͷ壬ٴηһɨﲻԾ
̵㶼ʶѯʵ
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ȻˣƹΪβڣ
⡭
ɻٴνĿ⿴̣ȷûмƹӵӰüéȥˣǵȵȿ
ˣ쳷ɡ
˵ţɻһˣһ߽͵㿴̵ûʲô⣬ʵˣûǴĶѥһ̴ӵˣвЬͲˣŻһµӣѥ𣡡
εĽͣɻٴοһ̣ȻˣǴѥӵġ
ѥклٱˣҲҪǮѥӣʮֲִڣЬ׺ܱˣѥӶǽ׺ףͬٴѥӣѥһ˫ٶҪΪ󣬿ңͨ˸ҴѥӣϾһݵ
ѵĳڼˣ뿪·ϣɻü
벻ǣǶҪСĽһĿ̫󣬻Ƿֿ£ϸûȥҲԸȥһܡ
ȥģɻ
΢΢һЦ


190 
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εͷɻһ£üУз磬Ϊ̰ƽͷһ齵ʵģ֪ҵǱң׽ǽ
λ治֪褾ȻǵһͶĸ̣˵ǵѻ˵ˣѿ϶վߵģ淢ˡ
İɣ֮ˣҵϣᱣȫ˵
һǾȥ̫ˣǴִֵҪȥԸѡȵİ취ͷ¡
ɻɴ˵Ҳ޻˵ֻ˷ֿǰ໥ѯϵʽ˳㣬ϣɻһ£类Ѻεˣǲǻ㣬ɻظŵ
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λصǣ׬Bţͬʱͣ½Ų׬B´һκЦȻ칫һ磬ҪŸʲô
Ǻǣƣȥߣ֮ԻװҲǲЩʫʴʵץסţСЦˡεЦѾһ·ѪڷͱջˣϴģǺͨĴֲ¡
칫ӲŻ磬ȴµ͵ѵһӣ׬BüʵӾӦģɳһҵŲһӣƫƫʲôҲŵһ縡ƣͲһʮͷ꣬һжĿɮ߳ɽҰ޵ߡ
˻һ޷ǾǳԺ˯ֺαѰء˵ֱ꣬׬Bǡ
νȥıӰ׬BһЦŸȥ
λصԼ᷿ڣӿһòʵʵ״⿪˲óƽɵϸϸѽΪīȣ׿նһЩϸⱡıУ֮ǰѾ湫ãڵĽϣȴûа覴ã׹
οһ¹Ŵϣֱ֪Уʮ鷳û𣬻ˮĴȶǺܽģֻܲףͬǱУզôأīоãֱ͵ǰûŪʲôϴأøְɡ
ΰػؿʮ飬Ŀͣڽеײ֡衱
ҵʱ˵֪轣ǲԶݣԹԵЦ
ǾҪһ´ˣ
ƽ޹һεεһ̣Ϊо쬵ģһѾСѾƤϡ
һһ֣һһɣһժһǮ
εεٴ̿ˮЦЦ̫񲣬Ц˿Ĺ޻޾Ƴ
칫Ӻÿʫÿ˶ūҶˮˣ
Ǻǣˣ֪ҪʲôȻЦݣһε亹ѾӶͷˡ
㣡Ǻǡţֻ棬칫ūңһж
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Ĩˣ˵ɣʲôʵ
㾿ǺˣŮӷʵ
ܣʿθɴ
Ūūˣūڽסʮ꣬ɴδ˵иŵڵң
һ㶣ܿ죬Ѿڲأ治УټһģһŵڶûУûУѾ֪ǻģǽŵģ
ڽľסʮˣȸ壬󱻲ܲüƭ㲻֪ûϵ㲻ܳװưҪ֪װ
Ůκ漸䣬ҲᣬǾ棬ܾȻʱڣ֮˵ûаۣɲţҪģԼȷڲģѵʶˣ
Ȼ˵ܣôΪλȾ
Ů⻰Է˭ˣˣ˭
ᰡᰡҴʵ
˵꣬ͿʼΣ˵ʲôԼżȻߵȾȻٱΧȾײϣڷֹǱɱԼСװҲпԭģ˭ϵ湫һŸʶˣҪȻҪˣǣŻطʱһĻ
ŮðüԣȷǱԩˣֶΣɱҲŹңΧ֮ǰǾѾǱݶˣŮӶҲЩӰ죬Ӱ죬ǴͻȻӵɲʱſʼģʱ͵ЦСӵĹ龫εĽģȷûⰡ
Ů˼У죬ͻȻ鵶˴ϣЦˣȻ׵ģô㣬Ϊ뷴᣿
ΪɶȻΪԱֻкһ·ܱȫ
˵꣬תĿŮӣһһŮȷգر۾Ȼ󣬿ϸĽëգ䣬ЦɷǺÿ
Ȼ㲻Ǻͷһ·ôԼˣ
Ů⻰ͷԣеԼˣˣԼˣ
Ȼ
ȻŮӺģɣθɴҲװ֪
ȻԼˣΪ˷ͷĿҪ룬㲻ܾɡŮЦ
æģҲ֪Ƕֻ֪һŵķݣϧֻǽȥ滻·ǵ˾ͳߣһ̣ҪȥˣͻȻͣȻԼأ뿪ˣȥ治֪˵ĿǴʵ治֪ɻȥֻ֪κϵѣһ㣬Ȼ˵ˡ
Ůü㶵ĶãĽë£ȻչüһЦΪţװӣȥָʲô
ҲݺᣬʫʴʵﲻһȺ򣬲ҳȥڳȥʲôһչǣһ棬ΪҵĶ͵ˣû˵ŵڶûһأǲŵˣҴһ£Ǿûа׽õ
Ȼ˵ĻŮӸо⣬ôǣˣ
ѯ֮ŮӲ֪ԭܸյʱͱ͵һҵ̣ʩ֮࣬ѣŵŵء
һУ˵а۵ģŮëϾһǷҪ٣鷳һ棬֤˰Ȼʲô٣ҲûʲôȨҲˣΧѧʿΪ뺲ԺͰˣûкͷᣬ뵽ŮֻܵͷĬε˵ʡ


191 СѪ
ε᷿Ů̸ʢ֪Ůн㣬Ҳе㣬˳ɾͱѪϴˡ
ҵʱλȻ֪˿ɻҲ鷳
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Ϊεȥ·ɻ֪ʵ
еıûӳϣֻǿиɵث֣֪ˣӦǸСӣĹͷӲιҵĹȽϺʣֻϧɧһɧϲľСɣǲɱ֣㣬֮ٸϹȥüһЦ
ɻ˫һУһСӱһѶ̵ꡣ
Ŀкһ䳤ʣײһʱǻĽϡڶ
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ף˫ִѥγѶ̽ͬʱɻĴȣɻƺУ˺һԼսһЦҿҷ壬ǻ֮ǰٳֵСɾûôˡ
ֵľɱңɻŭ
˵ˣҺСͬСֻɱС㶼ɱˣô㰡ԣˣȻʱģҷЦ
ۣɻһѪֱҷϣ˫ĿһУɱ֣Ҫȡɻδ֣УͻȻƼ˳˹ŤͷһֻͨװһŮӡ
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ܣҡɻŮĺȵʧѪ࣬ޱȣǰԽԽڡ
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ڶ̵ͣҷԴһ֮յĶһ
ҷסŲ˫ϸŮеĶ̵Ƭ̣ͻȻһЦ벻ҲбǱҼˣֻǲ֪⵶ܷС轣Ҳˣ
֪ŮбУҷ廹һӣҲҪ˵ģǷϲˣٺõĶҲǷϵġ
ⲻҷ֪ŮҲͬףղһûаҷ֪ˣԼ㱾£ܵеùҷ尡
Ŷô˵֪ϷʧѾõ轣ˣ
ոճСͻȻһͻأҷŮӶһͬʱĵطȥ֣ھǲ岽ǽԣһͷҰ׵ߡ
ҷ´󾪣ϼһʲôʱģԼôһ㶼ûһ岽
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ѵղŴʱˣҷҰοţϾ̫ˣ˿岽ڣһֱûҪǸղŴʱԣǶԷʵ֪ˡ
ǺˣҷԶŮָߺȵ
˵轣Ϸģ㻹õ𣡡ߵЦ
ʲô轣ģ֪Ҫʣȥʽͳ㡣ҷȵ
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ߣǱĽҲˣڣҾͰ㣡
Ϊǿ꣬ҷ岻ܶԷǲǸ֣غϣǲУԼҪܣ治ţϼһ׷ϡ
Ȼһҷײˣĸ첲ŸոջȻһȥˡ

ҷҽһһֱֻסѪӿĶϱۣˡ
ʲô˵Ůûҷ屾˶Լĸ첲զͶأ
кڵת˼ȦȻΪһӰҷֻоǰߵӰȰ㣬׽ţһͣѹʱѾԼ̱˵棬ҪŤֽţûһ˿о
ҵ֣ҵĽţúݰɱңŹģҷŭ
˵Ƣ治ðʱ飬ˣ
˵꣬ת˼ŮӺΪʲôûɱʱ㿴ϼһһ߷ϵֱۣһ̣ϱץסĶ̽ʹͷ­
ҷҽŭʱֹͣŮӿһĻоθǷӿޱȰҷ̫ˣ֫ϣͬľͷһ㣬ڵһѪˮ
Ҫʲô߹Ůŵûʧɫ
Ƥأ
ߵĻŮóڶ̵ƤʣʵʵĵݸߣаΥ棬Լɻ³ҷһ
߲ú˶̵뵶УŵЦģϷû֪֪ǰɵˣ


192 Ͷ
һ·ߺãνŮͳźתݣһɫüΪ
Ȼ轣ˣǽԼᱻ˼һɻ޷ϵݲȷȥˣ˵ʲô붼ˡ
κȥɻ黪ʱ䣬Ȼ½ȥĵ飬òһ£Լݾ㲻¶ҲΪʱǣҲҪ꣬ˮԼģǾͱԼ
ãλ·÷棬κ󣬲絭Ц߳
ʱɫ뿪Σһֱǵ̻֮أҹδɰ˸ˣΪʧˣ߲Ƕ𣬴ѯ˳󣬲֪СӾȻҤȥˡ
˹Ҥӣ쾭壬飬رǲӣϲֵطꡣ
ǣҪǿԣһͥԣϲҤӵˣԵϷ˵֪̬ıˣ׬Bϲû¶ʲô飬ĵ룬֪
ڲԹɫ᲻֪ϱҪ׬BҲᣬ֮ԷᣬҲϾϣֻҪȻػ뿪Ƿǵء
֮ҪҤӣֹҴͷҪģϵɻѻӪȳһ뿪
巼¥һ᷿УΰѹŮӱ˴ԼҲоЩκģ¥ŮӺܺȣһֱڷ˹Ȼһβͬܵݺ󣬶˵ɾͲͣĸƣҲһֱŮӶֻŮӲ֪κЦȻʱοеľˮѾµѾ׼õˮ
һȥֵ˴ҹŮӲžܲסƾѹ
˰ѺνŮһ׵ɫĳȹֻǶСãŮӸʵظȣ̿ˮϽӸŮӸϣŮӵװЦҡҡͷʼԼ·
ʱҹڷߣ巼¥ȴƻԻͣһҹǣŮ˸ζķŻƿ߳һŮƵ˳ȾͷһͨװǷ΢Цת¥
꿴Ůߺüͷһ壬εķ䣬ƿһִ˯һ˺󣬱غ˷ţ߻ԭλޱɵվš
̺εŮӣ类Ȼڰʱ뿪뿪ˣȻװˡ
ҵŮӣĸԳע⿴мڴһ
ȻϲСʮңԼӵһС򵱳޷ȻҲĿŵıܿߡ
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ںԺ︽Сڴ˯ӻóһɫϣ߳˺š
ɻϵطǳһ̣βòɻﵽ˶вջ̲ݣǵˡ
ҵǵ̺ţȴûеõӦü˼£ȵȡ
ſһŵ¶ͷ´һΣüʱˣҪһɣǴˡ
˵꣬ҪţθϽһסϸҪľͷ
ľͷʲôľԣһʵ
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εĻһ˿ĶʱȻ޴棬ͷ󣬵
԰գŵξߵ˺Ժָһ᷿棡Լȥɡ
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΢΢һЦǷʩ󣬱ƿ˷ţĿһɨ󣬻ʱӲ
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˵ģȻɻˣżŮӣ㣡ΪλٴΣθ֪ǲ˽⣬ԼĴȫͶ
Ŷߴˣ˵꣬תҪȥǷͻȻ͹
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Ц˵꣬ߵĶñӣͷ˰˼Ǯѵгˣҹģֲ̫ƽһҶԳţΣհ
ͽˣСȥͷҲһصϸ
ߺ˵ˣΣգҹþ㽫һްɣ
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ڽ㶼䣬ͻȻеһתеƻҫ£һϮ˽ʺ
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´μۣۻ촽һɨЦ磬Σգ氲ȫ
οŽһĽģѷĻظԭܱȱɺã
ε㽿ĵʱסʮϤһ綼ڻصϣܶʱǡգգ۾Ľë£󶨾һȻ漴ͻȻЦ
ЦЦǰϣ˫Ҳμ˴Цٳ˫ĿһΪ죬ذڵƻ£˸һâ˽ؿڡ
ЦȻֹЦɣĳ֣һγֵϣΪצϿһһ̣ξ͸оָһɣذӦأţֱ۾߰㣬εֱۣļ򣬶˾͸ŲסΡ
˫类ۣУǱʵʵãȻǻͨˣ޷ˣβͬʮϤҺԼˤӣѰ·
գ˫һţ˾ͷ˴ϣۿҪѹסˮ߰㣬Ƶǰȴû뵽΢ּ䣬ηסˣͬʱˤ˴ϡ
ޱ赲˲δˣһⲻˣ㱧ұ㣬ס˫֣ҿס˫ţμտּˤˤۿ㽿ˮߣÿÿڱοסʱ׾ٵѣס
ڿ϶ҪΪòŮ֣ⲻ֪һеģ˴һʱ䣬Ѿ۵ûʪûֹͣ˼ʽ㻹һЦֱͣΪһΣסʱͻȻԷһס˫飬Ūýһ岻ɾƬʧ񣬴е뾡ȥ͸оһѱذףѾסĲӡ


193 
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ȷɱ˽㣬ûаôʲô֪һ֣ܱûǿ
βͽϻһУһֿٽ⿪һ˵ĵضǶչ¶СǶűǺҡ⽹ȻʮˣǺŴ˱ǿǲ̫Զˡ
ҧס˺ѽֽŸ΢뿪һ΢΢Ϣ
Ȼֽű󣬿ȴĽвͣһ䡰硱һ䡰๫ţߺĴϢͰѳֲס͵ˡ
Σ½ѥӣҲһλҪŪСɵʱȴûϵһֱӰǿһ£ýֱĿԲɡ
Ϣһڴһһ滹ǰһƬ춯ûоʲô˹ӣҲûзģ˭֪ЩڰĽûǱС
鿴䣬ͻȻо˱һĽıϡ
αһȻǽˣôѵģûпǣҪͻȻ䣬һĨ¶ĺ촽ҧסĶ䣬ݿʼϵҧĥĶǣʹƺһеذףҲ̼䱻˶ȥĲϡ
๫СĸΣͺһ̫ˣ㽿εεЦţʼ

һȡһֽѾסΣְһϣֱһƨδϣ˫ۣĲӣЦ˵ɣ㾿ʲôˣ
α֪ʣޱ
Ϊ˰˵ɣŪεͷЦң磡Īǣ֪ū⣬ר̹ūλˣȥˣ
Ȼ㿴ˣһ˵ʲôĲĳϵ
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˿ζϹ£ճЦС⣬ղܰ๫ǲ˵ʵūҿҪҧȥˣ˵ֺ꣬סĶ
αͣ˲ͱӦˣƺʲôϵЦݸˣŲһβѰΰѹסοʼʵϣһƿѾ΢΢ŵѣ΢һСǶĹȫ¶¡
ֻҪʵ棬ūұ֤
νӢѹ˹أԹ˼ƾҪһ֣ƫƫڵĽ㣬Ͱ˼еĳһ棬ӵ쾡£ɲξܾ
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㿩һЦ׸һۣЦūҲ⣬๫ã
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ˣūҲϲŪԣίɣ԰գһЦΡ
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ҪʲôĿǰûֻҪԼݲ¶ʲôʲôҲһֻΪ˹
һ·뿪̣ûκɫѾǰףĴҴҵ巼¥ȥ
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194 ƻ췴
λص˿ԼЩԾҲ֪ԼеĴǼΪεģͱ̲޷ģǰһЩǱﲻסˣ¶һӡ
ҵǱʾμΪ⣬ÿγȥ£˭żȥҤأһЩ⣬Ҥﶨµġ
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ÿٶ˿ҪҾǵĿƾǰ£ôǾҪ£ͬСӶЦ
һ÷꣬ǽһƬʪϿʿӣԼɡ˰ģԼͬŹԺȥһĻΣϵҡͷ̾ţȻңյҪҵ˲ǿɲУǣǺ©һ㣬ǾǾá
ԱɽľͶ˲٣֮ıүӰѴ볹׵ĸַˣҲ¡ٳٲѡһֻ̫Ҫǻӹܣôǳ˻ʵӴһֻϧ¡û뷨ֵûӵ֣һԣҲճ˽³
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µ˵οģһЩƼݣ˵ˣǣ˲ֺУʵû취ˣǴ˵һĶֵأطռˣϳ磬ԥ˰ɣһʼУڣѹˣҪġ
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δּ󿴳Ļʵʣ˳һλߣΪֻҪ˫ûˣô±ˣʵܣҪʱ򣬱סһӴũվˣ
뵽⣬Ȼһ㶣ưյʲôѰ˼ãȻһԴˣ
뱻ΧҪȣʱ仹ԣǶʱԲˣǱס˲ӣʱҪͱҪ˰æ
Χκ˵򵥣ڵǰʵ֣ᣬôֶΪأ
뵽㣬εͻصУͬһ𵽺Ժͤһ
ѱһΪҪ壬ɵ˵ε뷨󣬵ɵסˡ
ˣҪıѺȻ
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˵꣬Ȼһ̾˵ϧҲιо̺а취ðչñڸãңҲıȴջعôҾͿԻصԼСңĶȹˣ
ҪҰ㣿
λĺ壬εͷϺ´󾪣ֵ˻ɣѸߣֲϲʤΰ
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˵ѾˣʮǾϻԹαԹ׻࣬ϳɾȻԼĿ˵档
ͤпǣθ󣬻ص˷о˼ΰ뷨ʵֳ
췴˵ֻ֣ʵѧʣдһǧʷˣһ棬˵˾壬ڻĴƾõʷУɹ֮٣αѡһַʽ֪ĳɹ
ʤһףֽľУ޷ʩУȻó⣬û˼طİգڰҵУرݺ;طɣıأǴģλû˵֮سִ⣬ֽܶŵģҲֻԥݶѣˣǱ˲˽ӣ·һ
ںĳ˫ۣԨȵȣܰ쵽ģԪ谺ͻ̫Ǿ͸ˣû۲ŴԣҲûв
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οһصĹңǿ壬ɹｨԪǺŮ棬󣬻ǶĵĻѬġ
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Уȱľּһɹ󣬼ʮû£ϰ󣬾Ϳʼˣ⣬οԪ谵⣬˵һةأµ꣬žһңɵˣһѷյ⣬Ǳչˣһ£ɱһȺĸܷӰʼȨһ겡峯үɽǬ¡үɽϷүݽɽһһⶼʲôãǸܡ
ܣҲ֪Ǹ㲻֪
£ҪӸ𣬶νҪģһ㣡
δĹ滮ʣҪдһƪķԸ壬ͻȻӰһһαǼУζʮϤϾζˣǺġ
ˣβûͣʣĿתıдߵ
һת䣬Աߵϣȣ棬°ͣĽëգ£ȻЦūѾҪɱˣΪεг𣬿ҲһСˣ֪ǶˣǴ˰
Ϊ˭أο˽һۣͷд
ţκͶƾɱ֮Ǵж֮ޣӦ֮һ˰ɣ
˵꣬һֵۣϧͷдδýһ


195 
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˵꣬ϵһֻСţ֪ʱѾѵѥ࣬˿δĦš
οһģصĽ㣬²ɰ̾ʶ㽻ǶǴӵӵӰ￴ģһֱΪֻڴ˵Уû뵽ԼһҼʶһɧˣȻˣΪý㲻ڱԣûһ¶Է
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һ·ϸϸ۲ÿһطȷرɭϣ˵һ岽һҲΪ˶ʱڣκë©
صĵΣⲻòɻ󣬾֪ˣһЩͨɽ˿ͷĿûʸ񣬶ƫƫԼӴ󣬾Ǵȷ㹻
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ڵĻûǣڷĸɲݶ˯㿴һκ󣬵ЦΣ
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㿩һЦ칫Ӵ˼ƿް㲻˵ֻһҳݵѣܺλս
ʹˣεӣŻҲ֮飬ңµļԱ󽫣߲šïɡ㡢ʦȵȣǶ⻪ֵܣ˵ǻ᲻ðճȣ
һ˫ĿһȻЦȷūҵǰˣ칫ӵ飬ūһ˵ģ
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뵽֮ǰŮӵ̸Ѿ֪ӦҪ󣬰ȳȥ˵飬ѹͲţϤڵĶƷǾԲģҲˣ㿴ˣ÷ϻ˵ʲôˡ
뿪κ󣬽εСԺҪʲô֪ܲǿɶǻ̸µˣˡ
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ˣοɲմˣϴαû취һһҪѳסǺһڣһûӰˡ
ڶ죬δҿ˿ɻһʼѰȥ
û˸Σ֪Ƿи٣ҲֻҪ¶ţԼɻһƣҲܲˡ
ҪųߵҪðգҹͺͽ̸ˣҲʮ⣬˵Լ˸٣ұ֤ȫлȥµľǴݾߣûξͲö֪ˡ
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޲ǴʧɫĿ뿴ϮĵطǿһʹԼʮͷɫ信ʱǸ𾪣һԴǲ㶺ˣȻһ˴
뵽ͻȻһ㶣һˣЩԾҪֻһˣΪʲôų

ͻȻһ䷢һĲҽУ˳ʹŽеãһͬԴͻȻͷŵ˫һһƨɾ̱˵ϡ
մסһӵϼƾһ֣ɨͷأֽɣתۼ䣬𾪼䣬һѪܵʬ塣
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մնɱʱʱԶΰһݶУ˸Ӱ


197 Ѫ
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һҽУֱͻȻɣţһͻȻϥǣһ˵ϡʱſϮߣŵýһۣոץס䳤̧ۺȴϼһӰˣ
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198 ڼ
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ҼѪȣԶڶ֣Ŷˣøһȫʬˡ
˵꣬һ֣ʱ֮ززˣһٶһ㶣ɻҲһܿһ֣ܵ·߿񱼶ȥ

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µĻˮð˽棬Ȼմ·ĵ棬ȴһյشˮûûطͱĻ䣬һԣһĻйսߡ
մ賤ʱӰͬһŵѩ𾪣轣մû˿仯һֱͨȻѽĹ켣ĥ͸ÿΪʱ˲Ϣ䣬ʹҼ磬ֻþΪһֱͨͨʱŶĿм׽ȡ
۹֣ʽ󿪴ϣÿһжմӲӵģ׸մɵѣֻҪ轣׸ץסôմˡ
һ䣬һͳңȻͬײ˽ȻͬĻ𻨡
׷ꡣ
մһ轣ͻȻŶŹ
ۼ˾֪մҪɱˣһʱеĴ󻷵ͻȻ𣬵һ׼ޱȵİ轣Уһѹ轣ס
жûˣ
ִϲ֮£ָ£һֱմĿڡ
մȻջأһš轣ͨһˡļһ̣һ轣ҹУһζ㣬̼䣬룬̽˹ʺ
ͬʱֵָҲմؿڣȴΪմս΢ƫһ㣬ûд࣬ˣմҲɥڴˡ
ڡһ˺üմסؿڣֱվŵĹ֣ûгǺк𡭡ȿȿȡ
ִˣˣ׷װγǹì˳
ү
ƥս嵽ǰմ˵һͬ԰С
ӿ׷԰ֵͷŻվУҲĹ֣һ̾ߵʬԣϣ˫ĿȻһ̾û뵽ֶѾѪĶˣҲˣһûҪѪҲԼֲ˼죬ң˶׷ɱ
ʰֵʬ壬Ǳ󻷵׵ע⣬·һ
źһк˲ɸ̾İ˴֣һѪҲ˶ˣֻʣط׾ѮϲҲڲʲôˣ񣬳үߵţҲֻλʧٶˣһѮֻѪ͹ֵһһٹأֱʱգ˶Ū˭ĸ
Σһһ룬Ǿ֤ĳʱˣ뵽˴Ӳ˷ܵսȭͷ


204 Ϧ
ˣ԰ֺӳȥˡ
ҲֵӣҲõһ㱨ֱ׷ȥǡ
ǣȴһ˺ţסǵĵ·
һüһˣ
ţһˣ
ĪѪ֪Ҫȡһ·
˵꣬ҡͷߣʮˣ

Щ⣬֮ǰΪעȫմϣûԵǸˣ⻰˵ԷҲǿѪ˰Լ߿ټİˣĪǻκβ
ȥ·һƹ԰֣һɱš
ǣ
һ£ж
ʱ԰ֺţֳһѷ·ǱϹֻгնվǰ԰ϰǰΪںŽϣѾʮʬˡ
⣬һٶŵϰæ˺һȴûɱǽϵˮϴˢŵϵѪ
ϵʱƽľٶ˫˫üһ壬аϰ˴ݵռţһ򵱹Īͷ緶
¹գеǰֵ
ֻǵĻӦһ·Թû𵽰Ȥϴ˼
乫ΪЧɣʶʱΪܣ뼴乫ͶҴ±֤乫ӣպ󼴱Ƿ࣬ҲûпܣʱȻ˵֮
Ĭת˵żԣʯУԼֱżϣע
ҵȣǲʶ̧٣ɱȥɡһŭ
˫Ŀ΢УĿɨǰϵһ߾ʬ壬رһʬпڣһɱ˵ķʽܿʵµһƽǣһЩ඼Ƴˣɴ˿ɼ
־ʱϵѯһˡ
ˣʱ䣡
㣡
һ䣬ҡͷǶûӰˣŽһλĴ֣һζԷԲҪͬʱҲҪλߣ˾ԲܷŹλ׼ǿͻƣ
ǣ
ı仯ס˵ԷʱĿһϡһնʯаγ
ȿȿȡ
δӻֻ΢ĿԼʱ͸оʹ

һİζУȥһʶ۵İ׷ߡ
ǡȿȡ
һڣ͸оһƬ̲סְȫʹǣ
Ҫͱ𶯡
˵꣬һѲһ룬һҡͷ̾ʮ겻һΪˣ˶ðʡĸ鷳ҽһһ˲һҪ㰡˿ǹͷɵİɣȻܰڣϵǲò
ߵĻע⵽лһˣһϤޱȵϼһүӣ
մӺҲǸոûãڴϰ˫ۣƺûߡ
ˡ߶һҩߵǰ
ζãֻι
ҩ࣬ʤûУȥζʱ͸о࣬죬ʵлǰȣ֪ǰүʲôϵ
ʮֺմĹϵ̸ȻʶմˣҴУξ㵵ĵ֪մȻˣһǲҪˣܰմ˳ļһǸеĸְֻǲ֪λǺˣλġ
еĹϵ

ߵĻβһδףЦЦֵȻУҲˣڣϵֻҽߵĹϵ
ȫ˾ʲôϵȻһֱڵմ󵭵˵Һûϵйϵ
Һйϵһ㶣Ϳߡ
߿Цһɨһմ󣬲ҲʹϵˣȻ粵ķȻȫȣ㣬ѵ׼°ɡ
粣
ǴоȰ߾Ȼйϵ
ξ㵵Ŀ⣬ԣЦϵ粵ʦӣ˰ɡ
εͷлʣΪʲô粵ʦģǰʲô
ѯʣӾվֱ᷿߳
һξͿ˽ѯԺ룬ԣĸ
ùȻһ̾벻Ժ󣬾Ȼ˶룬𾪺ͱ˵ǣֵ׷ֱڻûйմˣǻ˶ˡ
ŵĵطǾϰİɽУ˵һСۣ֮ǰӣʱѾȥʱ䡣
ӷ˰ɣǲŵģˣҲа취ǲο
εǵԼĴϵһսĽϾɻˣ׬Bˣѻ᲻ΪܵǣɲǿЦģ׷ҪѪɺӰ
εǣҲ֪룬ǻɽҰ룬޷Ϣ
һ죬ζڷжɹ⼸ӵʩ£ˣҲµ΢߶һ¡
ֹ죬һգβŸո㿴մֱ㶵β㱻һ
ү𣿡κ
ҳȥմ˵꣬ԹԵ뿪˷䡣
߳ţմѾͥԺһ¡
ץסǸӣ˦մԸ
οһһͷϵĴɻʵʲô
ϡȿȡմ󻰻û˵꣬;ҵĿ
үһŭ֮£ƨˣϽץסСʱ˦һһȦȦֶ
𣿡˵꣬㿴մ˵ͷ
㣬ȫ˦մַԸ
ʮ׳ʮֳأηѾҲ˦һ룬Ҫȫ˦Ȳ˵᲻ƣȫʢʱڣҲܰ쵽
մһӣ۾ȿȡ˦ؾͶذɡ
Ŷεͷʵͽļ˦Ȼȫ㲻ϼһΪҪ飬֪մӣΪԼֺαء
մļ£˦һ;˾Ϣ˿ˣл̺ȫ͵ĻᣬƵƤⶼĥˣ۵ʹ಻
ڶһ磬ֱմеͥԺ˦մٿڣֻҡϣ㶳Ҳ֪ʲôֱҹ䣬ſڷԸɽƺȡ
죬մû˦ˣǽһֻ֣һЩͬƸԳţ۾ʯĶմԼյĺȾơ
죬մָλһλ࣬ɻǴͷţ۶ŹθоԼҪˡ
죬лָ˦ӡ
ƻ裬ˣкһӺαŤͷմүӣԷˡ
Ȼմһ߹һҡϣϦ


205 
վһѻǰ˫ĿͨʵΪʲôûĹ
֪үǹ¶գǰ͸СģҪΪִˣýһ»Ұشεǻ˿Ҳ棬ʹ
ҵİǹ¶㲻ǹ¶ģҲǹ¶ĺЩˣԼ֣ЩǺմһȥһҲ¡
ѪȾ죬ⱲµָŹ𣬹»ҰҲ뵱͵ģˣ߰ɡ԰գתɽȥ
ӣүҽġһݸΡ
οϤĳҡͷ㲻ϲýȥðɡ
ԣҡҡͷѾòˣǿʩչֻ˵Լ
βϰ֮ˣ֪Ϊʲôдԣѯ֮ŵ֪ԭϰҲǻᶨ͵ģȻ˵Ͳǹˣϰ֮ˣҪרһ϶һҪѧһЩʲôʮ˰ͨˣ죬һ˵ޣÿһ书ʮ꣬νһͨͨĳֱ书ȻȻ书ĺʱͲˡ
ĽûеĵزʱʱӲ轣
ΪʲôҪΣҲˣմǰķʽֻҪĹӴˣпܱǵڶմˡ
ʲô书ǻԽһĻĻʮԵģδţؿɫñͷܣôΨǿԼǴϣǾϣı䡣
£죬նĵУƹۺԺϷˡžžžһִڿٵֶţÿһνӴ棬˳صƤ޳һࡣ
ӡ
ȻܵԺԣ˵СĴˣɻȫֻ˺ܶˣ˵һЩūͣҴ󲿷˶ɻ˾ˣҲ֪ǵȥ򾿾ںη
һֶһʵӺսأ
㵽ã˺ʾ֧Ԯ˵սѾãʱпܱϹٷˣ
껪ĻͻȻͣŤͷأ
ɻģ˵ɳˣ

üͷһ壬ϸ£û˱Ȼ죬Ϊʲôֳˣѵɱǵ˧
ʲôϢ˵ֿ꣬ʼֶ
УһһˣӼһῪĵģ
˭
磡
еĶ磬֪ûϢȷܿġ
ģ
ոɽȥүˡ
ŶǾ͵󣬽ҡ
һμʱθоÿ£ǵٴμʱƷ˵ĿΪڱʱֱů¯
ӣǵģֻϣһߵ˰̣ž͸о£οˡ
ӲӺݣޱ
ţȥ·;أһȥˣҲʲôЩֽšεͷ
ҲͷǶҪʲô
𣿡ηʵ
ˣҪȥˡ
մγǴɱһЩˣȻβ֪ʲôˣЩ˵ݾԲ򵥣ҲòǳˣȻˣβɰ
˵˵ȥɱ˭𣿡κʵ
ӰֱӾ³֣֣´󾪣Ӱǵһ֮֮ϵү󣬱ڶưԣȻӱʵۣʵǶ֪ӱֻһƶѣĵλϲڰﶯֽŵү
ӰǵӪͳ죬ѱӪݣɱĹҲ֤ӰµһɱŵϴҪɱ̸ס
ҵȥ棬ϧҪɻǣǲܺͬˡΰ̾
ɻ㲻Ӻݣɻ
Ѻҵ˱ˣȻҪȥΪҪ飬ѰæſԣˣҲͲԶˣ
δԣһ֪ǡ
֪ģξ㵵
ţɽɽ

ϢμЦɻǲϲΪܵܵɽЩѵĳ·
򵥵˵˼䣬ȥϢˣʱȻˣҲˣβˣֹͣӶתʼʯ
մ󽻸εĶʽܶ࣬ȴӣرǲմ̵⣬λռҵĲںһ𣬻˵λʽȷ࣬ռҵȴմƮΣʩչǻ˵ˡ
ζԣѵĪڶˣλĹȻ˰꣬ǽСĿ岽ڣ΢Щоïּһˣ޷ֻܵˡ
Ϊ˶ЭԣҪһȫȭմûнģλ̫ȭǰ̫ʱ򣬱ӿȭʮ𾪣ΪνȻһķ
¹εĺѾܸĶֱ仯ϰʱĸоԼھȻʸ˺üΣȽ಻ϣⲻɵ뵽Ŵˣ뵽ӿ粵ʦȻˡ
粵˵ĲҲ̤·ż
ǲͬ粣ڶʲôɹرǴ̫ʱЧõӶе𾪡
ʱε֪ΪʲôΪ粵ʦԭӳżִմ󣬵ʱѾ꣬մֻһ꣬ʱӼմɱʱĺֶΣҪ̻ͷ
մʱʢýһţӵȰ˵˾ʹսմƵǣӸûҪɱ˼һζĶ˱ܣմ׷ɱһһҹ۵òʱţӻһƵ˵̡
ԼӵĶʱմҲˣִ񣬿ǽӣմȥģӾ͸ƨɺ棬ÿҪɱʱӾͻȻ֣ڵһٷմֱӱӺݣѰ򸮰ӪǰæȻӪˣκβӣǣմֻʱӺݵһ֣ؽס
Ӻ׵ս˭˭Ӯմûһֻ֪֪֮Ӳٸմ󣬶ķȥˡ
ֱʮǰȥӲٴӺݣһͽܣΪ粣
ʱӵĽ𾪲ѣմıʮǸε˶޷κӣҳϵʱҵаӾֵزѵǰֽξ㵵ģһ﾿ˣմʮˣʱ򣬾ʱڵմڲϰ٣ҲӦò˼ɡ


206 Ӿ
ҢɽֳʯɽţɽΣ֮ǰŵĵطڷţɽأţ˰ɽվǣƣ꽻ӣһƬĿ
ʱҢɽϣԶĶʯ㶳񣬲֪ʱߵ󣬹ӣˡ
γѣգգתݵѣЦһ˳һˡ
ߺˡ£̱ϣţҲ㣬ҪǻɱˣԲ
ߵǰӻӹһˮңݸѣ˼ں󣬲ʵҷеǱ㿴𣿡
ˣ㵨̫ˣ治֪˵ʲôãҪ˵̫治Υ뷨಻òϣȷʵܸı¾ƣƷң
Ŷ˵ܷңʵ
඼ˮˣͬԼֻǲ֪һϹͷܱðҡͷ̾
ǸΣˮˣͬҲµӣ֮ǰʹһû뿪ֻһЩС˳Ҳ֪һ˾ûбк
һ̾˵˺ʱ

Ѱڰ֣ȻңҲϣĴ粨ûжΪ¶ţҰҲܿŷҪһʱ
üƬ̣ڵʱʱѾõϣﻹʲô¡
ʱ
۰У˼Ƭ̣ɻ죿
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˵ţ㿪ʼϸİԼ뷨ѣѳ׺󣬲ɴСӵ޳ܡ
εİ취ܼ򵥣ɻչӸ⣬ʲôҪһҪȥƻˣ
⣬ޱϤģƻһССľ磬ǶԲѣѵûһӴʽˣǱٸһôҲΣˣں̫ƽʱͬٸУ©ꡣ
ǧҪСˣرǷѲƵˣҪŽֻҪһѣܰһոչɵĹҸƷˡ
Ȼע⵽һ㣬ǶرĿ˰նҪˣȱ߳ɵľϣҪһͳ£˹ڵĲ
ѿεİ취ݶرȻҪֽʳĽУҪ֪׳ǿȲξˣķ˺ܶأҪѾã񣬷ũˡ
ٷĹ⣬ҲһʱھҪûоС˿ʱҪݺݰǿһӣһΣʹ
ⷨҲ˵᲻ʩı磬ǲɹƵģóǧˣΪȱʳͷһ㣬Ѽ޳ɣҪɱһˣɲһǧ
ҲûҪֻ취İռʶȴΣǳƻȺڣǲ㽺룬ôһжðˡ
˵ףѳ̶˶޷ֻȥˮǳ
ȥկ￴׬BѾͷڵأǰȻ˵ôһ䡣
ҡҡͷǳ֣Ǳ˲˺ˣҲóʲôʱ㹻ǣٻɡ
ʮĵͷڵĴȷʺȥˣڲܡ
ôҪȥģӺݣʵ
ţ׼ȥεͷ
ӺҪСİֵ꣬һ·ء
ҲأҲֻ
ƴ󣬶֣ڶʵһֱδе֪ү׼ҪжˣĶɲʴսӪ¶ˣ㣬δһ½һǰĴ̿ʹս
ӰӪʵԼؼң˾ͽҺҵİӪȫ򱣻ɱԱ𿴵ȶⲻ֪ĺ֣Ҫġ
οɲԸ⿴ԼĪˣеҪӺݡ
ȻЩӣҪӲȥȻܣʱǰ˼룬Ψһеİ취ǲξ
ȫбβξʱǰ͸ˣαҲȥǿǵʵֻ鷳Ҳʹͷܳɹɴɱ
ҢɽԶﴨվڣһϱɹ̫Ƿ
ү뵱һϱ۾´һ۳ǰżª꣬һ֧ʵξ漮
дڣǰܣд̣ǶסƬţɽƻԱһ﹵С䣬
ͣͣͣͣͣ
ϱһ˺üͣüëͻƻʿˡ
Ŷһүġ˵꣬óһСĴײˣֺƵҪϱ
ߺﰡðײˣʲô
ղˣˮײ˿ˡ
һﵽҵ˼ϱüꡣ
һɻɶ˼
ߺˣ˵Ҳףͳ⣬үˣ㲻ǻղ˰ǵӪأȡ裬ֱǰߡ
ϱ˵꣬һʹԼֻʮꡣ
ȵȾүأզ
дһ˵ϱע⵽󣬻ǣһƥëʱͰڰֵӾŲֻƥж
ܵΣ߰ʮ㿸Ц
߰ʮ
ϱЦһҡҡͷֱӴȥ⡣
СӪʱ˽һȡ˾װƣдǵһ⣬ڵ⼸Ǿס´󣬻֪ͨǵġ
лСүֳл
뿪Ϣ󣬻ǹɺʱʧӰ١
ӣǻͷİ
ҵûע⡣
Ȼװ뻪ˣʱοеƬֳ̣˸ոտϵ⣬㻹лͷС֡
ѹϱ˵ãҪȥƴ
ΰͲͷأĽͺˣͷǼΪҪı֣ͬʱҲͿı֣ҪղܶʱҲҪǰȥƴɱҪĴں棬ǵϽ죬ǾҽɶǾҪɶ


207 ȥط

ˡӪﴫκͻ˳Ķʮ±һͬվڲУȺ´
һλŷ򳤾Ĵ˳һ۳ˣüôЩˣӿǰٷ򳤰Ҳ˾ʮɡ
ͯ򳤰ﴨб꣬ʮ׳㲻ˣɡϱЦ
ģӰбһоǳǧϰ٣Ȼʮ±ӣд
ߺͯ򳤰ǻͷЩ˾㲻ˣǲ⣬˴Ӫغ㱨ȻһЩ±ġϱ͵
⻹࣬ˣӸʱ䣬Сǣǰȥ
ٷ򳤵̸ֹһͷӡ
ʮȺŴ߳ӪأƺŻعȵɶӽͯĺǼȻӣӾ;ԲǵģԺ󿪹ĵһڷҪԱˣǰһ˶ӣǻͷƣ˰ɡ
ˡʮ±Ӧǡ
ͯĺĵͷĿһɨһָźһ㣬ȻһƥҪסˣĪҪӣǸǿ͸𡣡
ָˣȻˣͲͯĺ˵أһĵͷӦ
ǰӪ·;Ǽѵģһʮ±ߵýŶˮˣͯĺӲǲϢΪ±һѵĻ˵ǱǡӼס˴ӪظӶˡ
±ѵǼģرǻͷ˺չȫʳ⣬ҪǹŪ壬Աʱ֮衣
εһ·죬ΰԼһ㹦ӣҲûʱԵĻͻȻü԰ӡ
ôˣɻʵ
Ƕˣ㲻·ҲӦõƺˣ㿴һʼУȴĵˡѵ
Ҳ緢⣬Ͼÿһ̫ߵģΪߣϾ˵ҪɻƺӣҪľӪڶˣϤķ羰һҲûƼ
ȥʡ
˵꣬СͯĺߣСѯʵͯ򳤣Ҫȥİ
û˵𣿡
ͯĺ˵꣬ƲŸոջֵŶû˵ڸҲ٣Ҫȥݳɳ·;ңԶ貽һ£ô񰡡
ɳ
Դ󾪡
ôˣһ¶ѣ̾͵ˡͯĺεļЦ
ҡҡͷ˺󵽶󷽣̤ѩûɵļˡ
ӣô죿ü
ˣΪȥݣû뵽Ȼȥݣ˵ݵشﲩ˿ڷ࣬ó٣رǴľݣغ֮أľݵĸδϢǰݵ±ǴԥյģݵıԭⲻµľǶ뷭ˣݹ֮ǰûǹᱻȥġ
ںˣ˼ҪȥݣӱأǴ˻ӺݵͷĸԸھݵ
ҪҹӰɣ
û˼ʲôôڻӺݻѣҲǲܣȻӺݺܸʲôأ
ԼĴԺѾ乫ˣӺݵһһţرǵԮ粣ȴݺݵľܾˣȻʱȣӺûжٱԵﻹ˲ڻӺı䲻ʲôڵ˵ĸأſֽŵĴһ
Ҫһģ˭ңûȥԷҲ˦ƹԼǻǲ찡ȱ̫ʡ
ԥݵıȻɵ˾ݣô϶оٶˣҲãˣǺβȥˮˣ
ӵ˼룡㵵
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ԣ˫Ŀɢ˼ƮˮɵѾͷ뱦Ůϡ
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ε˵ĵطǾӪڳɳ⣬ɿξƹܣӪε˸ոսӪɽХĲź
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μ߲ˣ˶һţһЩģŵˣİٶУͦ˵Ҳʮ˶ѣɨһܵ±ûһֵģϽѻ˱װһֵı顣
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еˣڰƹ˦ʱҪǲ಼ţӦϼˣںˣӦˣаɡ
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208 սǰԵ
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˵ɿײ壬Ժ޻صţݾӪѾһˣÿճϴв˾˯ζľԼ˭Ϊʲô
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ҲߵǰСĵʵͯˣǰǿȥɱǿû㿴ôˣҪ׳۰
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ߴ磬佫òֺ
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˵ǾλСǺؼҵĳӣкرӣССͣڼǰͿʼɱˣһͷЦ
ǰҲ˵ˣռΪʹ󵶣ֻǲ֪ΪΣڸĳءһͷü
˵̸ȻͬʱɵһЦȻ֪رǰȷô󵶵ģԴӵӺݽ紦粺Ҳûùˡ
ϸڣδï֪һЩΪ˿ͺͺرµĶԼȻȫʤգرǴ˱󣬱Ҳûôˡ
رӵȷһλܣ㲻ô󵶣ʵҲǿΪˣʹ󵶵Ķ佫ǼвУԷÿһٶ˲䶴칥·ߣӶɵƽ⡣
ʮغϣֻһҽУ佫Ļף㱻رӵķꪸһӣѪð
رնɱһˣ̧ꪣָŶĴȵ˭Ӧս
ܿ죬Уһųսףͷڣ˵ǰʮ㡣
˳󣬴һֳһѷֽEɱرӡ
ֻرзһӣڷֽEϣһϡ֮ԶԶľʹζУɴ˿ɼ˵жǿˡ
һɳ佫ʵҪǿ֮ǰɱĵù˴սʮغϣѷѽ⣬ǰֱϰٻغϺڣرӵս֧ǰһرӾʹϹ
佫ЦһзֽEرӻæꪵֵǣӣ佫зֽEŤȦһرӵķꪾȻֶڵϡ
һ£رӲսֻʶӣ佫Ҳ׷ϣЦ󣬶ȵԪڴˣ˭ҳһս
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һĻ²Цˣ̸ʲô֮ͬ飬ǲڿսһΣ׼ְ
ζܿһ㣬οͳ˧ˣɨһܵĽ죬ʵаնɱⲣ
һɽĬȻûаգǶ˽رӵʵرӶ֣ȥˣȥġ
ĩս֧ô張֣ĩһƥսȥ弣ϣͳ˧׼رǰȭ
ؽսз죬ϧܣ˧ٴγض棡Ц
лͳ˧ˣ
رӵõϣһƥսҲñıˣֱӰγ彣ս


209 
رӲո߳Ҳʮ־տֻ彣ԪкѰһᣬʰϵķꪣͺԪٴδս
һ˵ĴսŤͷεУر߳ˣԵС
ҡҡͷһ¶Ҫ˼ǳΪ˲׾úرӼ󣬶Ҳп׼רԪ֮ǰǷġ
Ӹ߼սҲһϳͰȫֶʹͷ
ƷͷرӺԪٴδѷֽ֣Eײһըףȫڸ˴ʿ
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Ԫһͷһ㣬ꪾʹͷƤһڡһԪͷϵڶʱ룬һͷɢ¶󷽵Ķ̾ȻֹȻǱ⾪յһĻŴˡ
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ԪȻңȻȴθоԽԽۺرӣȻһֱûռϷ磬ʽƽȣꡣ
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رӷһأ̷صϣһ·׷Ԫ˶ǰʮɴս֣ЦŲսƣóѰˣ֪Сү˰ɡ
ְһȻûȥˣȻձ˺ߡ
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һνӴֻ̽Էʵˣûеսʱ̣ǵ㵽ΪֹȻʤΪһ·ݣʿգ̽󣬲žһо·ߡ
ҹӪУκһȺͷΧԣŹͷµһϢĻ磬һѲʵ뻹λ佫Ԫ
ͷԣһЦȥˣԪֻˣ߰˸˵ԥ¿һ佫Ϊﰲ߳Ԫ޷ֵ¹У˵
ȻرӺԪüޱȣǵïĽУε֪رӵʱʵҲïɵֻ࣬ïʹǶ̱սرӶѣڹȥ࣬ʵȻ٣ӽյı뻪оҪ¹˭ֻһأ
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ǰУմˣȻǰƹӲ϶ˡ
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תһ룬ַԾͳ˧ֱϲȥΪӦúܺô򣬿ʱ֪ԷɲǺ۸ģͷҲܴ򲻴ùӴһ¾֮ززƵֻܻǰǶԷڻ֮ƣ·ó׼
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С֪᲻ӡҡͷ
ü˼Ƭ̣ȥЩǷԤıּ·ݣ˼Ҳǰ׷Ļ취ɹǰѹذɡ
һҪǿˣ佫ֱӾɱ˹ɲʱգӪɱһĥ̴СʯͷȻĿУһߣֱӰǰҸϡá
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210 һɢ
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˵ţܵ󣬰̤ѩų̤ѩֻҪ뿪϶Ǻδ粽ģòǣš
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ͯĺһ󺰣ͷһԵӪСųûܳԶͯĺֺȵã˼ʸȥ

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Ϣȴûжݣ˵ͷԸȥȫɢͻΧ˧ӣֻҪӳȥˣ

ߵһЩɴ۾ȻѴ򣬿ǲһľ棬ڲŸո䵽·磬ͳ˧˾Ҫˣ⳷ķʽ̫˼ˣҪǴɢӣôҪ齨ɾˡ
ƺڽʲôƽҾɢͻƺʼռԥ¿ĴСǳأȡݣսսǶɱأֻӣսߵݾջˣף
ǣĩһʼģܿ׹ͳ˧Ҫԥ¿̱ȭӦŵ׷ȥˡ
εյϢʱڰ궯̤ѩԵˣĳ𣬴ǹնİ
ʮﷶΧĴӪأ˵ƾˣһƣûԳң˷ͻƵ֪ȴ֣ҪȫΧ߶ᱡͻƵĻᣬҪǲȫΧˣܳȥһǾͶһ鷳
ͯˣô죿һͷŵ
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ѽⲻǻ㿴غһ·ĵоȥΧŵĴˣҪͻƵĻᰡһЦ
ǳȥզ죿ˣ˵ˣһҲͯĺ۵
ܻųȥ˵ɡ
˵̤꣬ѩûûεҪߣҪˣͳ˧Ѿˣɲӱ


211 ʹ

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212 
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213 
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ʱ޷һˣһȺˣΪʲôĻȵزǹǰ˽ʷͻȻ뵽ʲôϵɾʲôץ˼·ֻη


215 ðʱ
ǣһƶѩƮ˳߾Уָһѩڻָϡ
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ҪˣɲҪͷһĽʺ޵ˣͬʱҲᶨԼҪסʲôһεΣ޲Ӧ˫Ĵ˲ܲˣܿȥ֪һ仰ʱ뵽¼ûڲǽǣֻвڷܵĻӳˣȻԼ¶ģôβһųͷȥ粵ĳأԼҪǰ棬ĺǣ赲ﳤм䣬ԼҲҪһͷڱˡ
һûĵģҡҡͷٷϻ
ܿУٴһε·ߣȫתƵмֹºڵʤ㣬жٱҪݣºڿʲôʱԼұȵһϵе⡣
ֻεȽ粻صԺӰУһһشʱ̸֡
󣬵ϣ˸ȥڴ˶޷ķϣһӰĵſյĴӰû˿ƿţ¶һͨеķ϶󣬱ʧӰˡ


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ſ۽磬ͰֽĽڣڶ̶Ǽʶ˺Ϊ٣ңԱ粵ľӣԼЩԺֱһҪԼұԼұ֮䣬Ϊռұˡ
ռҾԴڿڶ쿪ʼ绢Ⱥһ·ǰկڿвС򣬾ΪԼұĵؽ磬Լұ˼ϲͬʱҲǽ֣ΪͻȻͷ֣Ϊ˱ԼұȻҲܵٵϣ湤һײƿ
㣬һŲֻܹǣһȫԼұеҲֵͷϣΪˣԼұֻгǮˣһЩƽںڿȴûмʿȫ£Լұڡ
սʿɽҰǰկϢʱǹˣͣϢգٳΣ
ȥһգ·ȡἹء粺½ʿ˵꣬˱ɢϢ
粰źúޱľӣ鲻һ㱣ȭٴδսһЩЦ󣬵սˣѱþϯսλһͬǡ
˵⣬ֻһڣлԱ⣬о;вƣԱǴԼұˣ׼֮°ɡ
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Դһ粳󣬹µĵһǳأҪԷһͣȻ精ʾʼڶǳأ֮ռҾ㣬ɨһƬСֱڣò״ᣬˣȴõһֻش
精ƶ˵Ů壬߲ʣ꺮ľ΢ͱɾ룬ȴ˸оǧ֮ңۼǰңɼ飬յͬʱҲӿõ
ȻƣǱ߰Ѿˮˡ
Ⱥһ˵ֳ꣬粹ֵսһ·ΪԼұͣĸΣѾźһžСԺսϢ֮ãϣսҪƴǡ
粱ҪܾͻȻһЦǺǵٷˣǳϢ˶죬ȾٷϣСĿԱһԣȥúϢһҹ
Ļʶ̧첲ᣬʱüĿ䲻΢΢һ壬ЩĿɰ飬һͬʱдϲмĿ˵꣬ʶ˵粵Ļ֮һΪïòͨȴΪ˵ãΪҲЦǺǵģʱʱһѹȸе߲ţһǿɰ̫ˡ
ǺðɣͷԱ˴·չüͷ
ԴϲͷЦ˴·أԸΪս·
˵ɣ粣һСƵ߽ڡ
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սòͣ̽Եʵ
δòͣԡҪҪȺˡѾ߻ص
һʱʧ֣ɵڶƱǧƵģ̰

죬ͣƬ̲óһӣŵѾУȥΪսһѹ
Ѿ·ˣڷǮ򡣡Ѿƴǵ
ɫһ䣬ߵ⸮е·˴ģսŮкϣҪϻȥء
ѾΣֻõͷСųСԺ
Ű뿪Ժţ̿ˮ⻹ֻԺţ精סķţв·̣ڵоԺžǷһ޶飬˲뵽͵ʱĵļ黳
ո˼ȻͣҡҡͷɣսԶѰŮӿɱȣҾȻ룬ﻹл῿
ɿŰ뿪Ժţǳ˼ĺ˶棬ʱ΢ԲһĹ뷿龰ֻоѪӿǵͷѣΣҪӱǿ
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ڶһ˽ս֪սʤȻһ̾ص˽סСԺС
ʱ֪Լ֪һڹŹǰһת˻Ҫ̤ԺӣôһµӰֻܺɱˡ
ڶ峿һϮݵ粴СԺ߳ĽһۣƼҾ״̬ĵͷҪȻȺ󷽣Աһ㲵ɫɻʵԱ岻ǷѣͲˡ
粵ĻһһɨǷϣЦлսģĳް
粲ԣֻǵͷս󣬱ֱӳǡ
ʱһ߾ӪԶںһ꽫壬µһֽЩʮʢе壬ֳӺ磬ֶ䣬໥ɱὫ˧߻ʤεʱеõ۴һʱմ塣
ԶѳһŲЦһ
꽫ҡͷһЦҪڣͻȻһ˾²ˣ
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ͳʮںڿ̶ڣ㹥ʮ򰡣
ʲô
ԶñǰĲ輸ֱײء
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Ͱȥһһʮ˵˳Զ𾪣һһԼұȻ룬ҺڿãܺãҲõʲôˣ˰ȥ֪ͨˮһǰйڣ
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ˮӪУæһӴսƿ˻ŻƺӲȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ƽƽУһλ磬Ӣ꣬һ飬ķš

ͻȻһ£ü΢壬ͷҲ̧ʵ£
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ͳ˧ˣʱ̽ӻ㱨ǶɻƺӣҪΪͳ˧ȫͶ빥Ӻһϣͨ
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228 ȡ
ҹڿἹϣƻԻͣһųֹʿվʱ̱ѵ״̬Ԥҹ͵Ϯ
ԶƬ̣֣һ˹ȭ·Ը
ǧ·ڣ֪ͨǮУξҲǧڡ
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粲ԶƺյǰսἹزǧβֱǿ
ҡҡͷἹѹҪǿͬľȡãսἹزƲȡ֮ã
Ȼһ۷ֱ뿪ֺҹἹؾһص̬϶ǲˣսΪλҪǳȥڣ
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Ȼвɸرļ仰ƺΪ룬ɰſˡ
۲һἹص粲ǧӪ
Ҫߣ½˼Ƭ̣ͻȻ˫ĿһܵԣָЦս㿴£ԲʺϹ֮ʱ
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԰գȥıӰһ̾粣Ѹ㰡ͨС类ˡ
һ죬ἹѾͲסˣǰ㣬ἹرڣԺȶǺڸسﱸͻȻͱضݣӶݣȫṩӺݵĴͻȻʺӶҪʳ˼һʱҲǳﱸ
ἹݣֳֻܷԣѹӶûϢἹؽļ٣ֻѾݣڶģ˾ؾǺϡİ
һʱ䣬Ἱؾ죬šеĶӣ죬˶ܲסһӣӳǽ޴ܵ粴Ӫ⣬Ըɷ²ֻΪһڱ
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һͷģ̶ֿһ磬һƬӱἹؽյϢ֣߳һɱһǣἹؽû뵽ãһӵ˸ˣֻһʱ䣬ǧؾ֮һ
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ǣڵرڽԼأĴѰᣬȡǣЩؿͱ࣬ǡˮ½乵ͨû֪ͨ£Զÿˮ粽ڸأŵ·ϵǵڰһƬұ֮أø롣
յϢʱϵŭСԶͳԼұյϢʱδü쾮ظƵϢ㴫ˣ̣޲ھͰѿԶˡ
쾮ظոոƵϢûãţἹͶϢʣЩطһ·࣬ƴģոոհѹؿ޺ãȻ͸룬Ѿ˼ıΪʲô
Զǧ֮յϢ󣬵һͷǱǣһĶ֣һĶѣ
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ʵǼû粵ĶסԶͱڴ죬粿ǣܿԷֻǹӦúʱˮʱԼͻȻӺɱһǰɱ׾ٽСĸ󻼣ԼֻһСǵͳ˧
Զȷǿ粣Ůܴܱɣ޷Ǿǿǹʶȥʱһʱõģʱץסһˣʲô鿵Զʣֻȥʶһ»ǹʲô⣬ʶ϶粿ľⶫûлǹû粣ûͳ¡
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˼ǰ󣬿Զ·ӣֱȥͨŸˮ׼ɱŮ˭룬һĴ󣬶ԷȻʧˣɱĴ̽ʱõϢ˯ţ𼱻ǵʾԼұ
Լұʮ⣬ƺذӪ˿̶һѾյϢ֪Զˡ
ͭףַվһ߸ϣŻƺΣĺӰüͷתࡢжٴûϰ
ǰһֵһǧң
˶࣡һüҡҡͷֵˣǿԶִҪݻսǱɣֻݻսʱҪһۡ
ü˳սʱǵȷԳû֣սЩսȥ
⣬ȷЩΪѰˣڤ˼ãҲһõӦ֮ߣʱһС˸߸ڣһüĿߣǿ׳죬촽ʺ񣬿˵˼㣬һò꣬һ·ʱȴûЦ䣬һ˹ĳʩ
λʲôأȴ˼Űɵ˹ֵ
ԭӣãһҪҪء
ɿЦֱԷ󡱿ɲҪ̣ĵȷȷͽС󡱵ԼʱѰɵ˸ֻˣѯʹ֪̥ĵƺȼ֪֮⺢ӳҲˣΪ˲պԱɴȡ˼ǡϳªҲݡ
󵭵һЦһۻƺεһƬӰǲڿս֮°


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һԵƣɵ֪Ƕı⼸ǳ˲⣬ԣЩȡ
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ԣʱ򣬲һţߺ㿴ԹӣզҲء
ҲһɵЦǶͿˣֻҪԼսȴûҪս㵽֡
⻰˵ˣҪȡҲҪԷԸԸⰡ
֪ӿߣ̵
ЦЦʺ촽˶ԶΪ˼黫ʱ߳ŭҲĲӣ϶˶Ȼǿһսֱ·ԼұɿڣһţƽԼұ޷ߣˣɽһ򾡣һܽͷ֮ޡ
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˵⣬ͻȻͷǵоϱˮͰأ
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ͷȻлͷֱιȥֵоְᷢ
ҡͷһЦռҶɲݣװһʮ⣬ͶУˮָͨ񣬳ȣ京ڿУǱˮͷƬҶˮݣŸҶƮأ½Ǳ֪ˡ
ԭˣлָ㡣
ȻͿʼ׼һ¡
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ü϶ǿԶо
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ƶǻǣԵòӣңԼҲûʲôƲȥӦоļıһء
ҪȥһôѪȫһһײȥһϽòѮշʺǿԶˣ
ĿĪӼͣ½Ųת
ԣͷһ¶Цҡͷһ̾Ѿǰˣʱ¸ңұͶһξĻţ˭֪òһ·ܣˮʱҪײԶÿÿ뵽ʱǱ飬񻹸оںĻ٣ˣ˽죬Ҳͻˡ
ɲ֪󾿾ʲôԼұ˶֪ǰƮģ֮ƮߣҲֻǴӻƺˮϣһ·Ʈġ
ʱѾԲѣԼұ˾˺󣬱һֱڱУǡԼұһׯ԰˿ܹԼұŴɳԺ˻ʱ˲ˣǱٺ󣬹ٸȻ˵Լұ˶ڣʵȹٸǿõϳ飬ͱʱԼұˡ
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һҾ޴Ķƽսϣһ׵ĿԶߵװǰˣݵԽԽԼұɿڣЦһȥҾогˮ·׼ԼұɿڣӪսֱ·Լұɿڣһߣ򲽲ƽеֵʸ֮赲ѪϴԼұҪԼұ˶ܲ
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ϣǹȻΧˣڳ׼
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ͳˮһո˵꣬ŭǰϵĵоֵ׼ҽȫɱ
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ԶԶͿļսŻˣ΢΢һüΪβˮ𣿡
Զ춼ҡҡͷ뿵ԶһɻֻѸͳȻֻͣҪˮڣٶĻҲðΪֱڣƲСԽԽأ
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ԶһҪ֮ʱͻȻұҲ
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˵СΪδʱŷ֣Զü
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ĻԶһҪٴγӦʱһͻȻһָǰˣǿСսȻˣ


230 ֱ
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ƣԶݿ죬һͷһ߽ȥͰ깥֮ȻϮо࣬ȫȷӣֱӹϰռݰ߸ߵأľΪӪԼʸС
ԶȻЩԴ󣬵Ҳ汾µˣܿ׹ȫǵоŵ֮ƣԷʮа˾Ҫô˻ᣬԼұ˳롣
ڶԷҪսʤһѹûԼͳǧҴսӵʮ򣬿˵۾ƺӣûĵ֣ԼұֻϰĴڣ粴κΣ粱·ɨڣפԼұɿڵˣԲᳬһ
һ򾫱ԼұǧӱҪһװʮֱǼײʯѰ·
ȻôһͬСսһƬһƬļϴУͻȻٳŻ糵תˮ桰족ˮĺȻĿУҲߵСսֱǲ֪ôţ㣬ֱѡɱķʽżߴɵս¥
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ϮϮ
УԲǻش𿵺ԶģҲ˳͵ϮϮˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬սǰǴӱһСսУͻȻһȺˣЩ˸ֽýڴѺ̷ΪӣһˮУһӲ̤鿪Ĵľһ˦սϡ
ս󾪣֮ǰײʱˤװϵˮЯǰδʸ·ˮϣðһͷֳ־װС󣬶Ǽһ

ˮһƬһˮУڶŵĹָոǰλӭǵľһѰѩ
һ˴ӴǰʿǴʧɫһ˾еãͳ˧˿쳷

Զһ߿ǰĽ죬оʮˣξ֮УսֽеоɱսṭҾͲ˾ܰʮˣ
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231 겻
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ɴʧɫܵ뽫뵱˿Զһ𾪡

üͷһ壬ЦЦ˿ζ͵ǷһΣ
Զץ֮ˮӵӣĽɻս٣ʿʮԱǧȻ㲻ϴȫʤֻҪ⿵Զӱ㲻ɱǷ˿ԶǸɱصĻ
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Զһ·ײײѺ˰ߣƵһСϺһ
ԶԣץҿʱѾԶ밶߰⣬ʱŻعͷŰ߼ӰرһСӣһϾһЦС󣬴ϷɱأҪǧУ
ŽʧںϵСڵ㣬ɻͷΪη
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232 ֱȡǮ
˵λүǼٵˣüͷĿ͵㶳
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ǰһҽУһ뽫ֱӱһǹϡ
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һǮеεĴǰһˣһϮ磬Ƴ룬Խ
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233 Ǯ֮ҹ
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ͬˣ󣬴ǲ˵سǽʿǸٲ˭ҲǰĹүڻǹүְλû䣬Ͳòðɻˣ𣿻壿
ǻ˵ˣǲʲô֪ǰʱ䣬Ҫȶոһ𿹵У˵Ļ̵̻ģǲξѹû˰Ǯסģ˭ҵȱǼˣҪҲǳһЩĳ佫һ˭ȥС
Դ뽨ຼԽԽ٣ڽٶԺ󣬸һĵĹ涨ҪбǧǮҪĳ佫һץһѣǮ˵˲żüãضǣҪǲǮ˵ۼظ̧ߣǲŹء
԰˼ѹͲ൱һС䣬Ǯ֪Ҫȶ˼Ϊƴ̸װ
˵ֹˣһسǵ֪ȻͶˣǵðǿЦð
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ٽͣóżŵǰۿƬ̣ͻȻüͷ壬һЦɶ

һֽ̾ҿһۣߵһ·̯ԣһˮưһưˮֱӵǰ˹ȥ
αˮʪϰӣڱҹһһ飬ʱְֽø
Σ˲٣һд󣬻ǹһЦһΣȴûɶˣǾȻʫ
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ʧһҹջѡӲͷƤ˽ӣŻʹȥ


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244 참
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245 참
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248 ͵ת
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ʱƽϢˣ֪͵תˣ˿Һļ£ıǶˣβĶ˻©ϢѾǧׯѡһŵùˣ͵ſȥɡ


249 ˰
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ϴӭɷ¹ˡγϷ衷ֵ
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һȻɫҪжȲѵģξȥӺʱ͵͵ӻȥȴŶݣһתֻˡ
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ʵһҲ˵ﶪʧңһûˣһӵѡϰˣ֪һӦúȥδӣǻӺݣȥ粣ͨ籨ţã󲻶ϵĴݲĴԣֱڣҲǰ·


254 ˳
˳ܵӹˣᶪʧңҪڵ̸ʲôûǻˣҲǻˣɹأ˵ҲǣҲǣҵľ棬֪ԼҪͼʲôΨһҪƽСӣܴ
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뵽һ㣬βɿһ衷üʵϴ˿ɷ֪λӺݵ·
衷ҡͷĵҪӺݣҵˣҲѰ͵ɹȥǵŶüдɸ봫ݣ䵽Ҳֻһˡ

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Ϻһ󽹼ɰˣǵ˺ǻƺӴյϢձɱǴ˵ͷ
ȻϺ⻰˿ΣûжŭЦһҾ㾡ȥͷȺϢɡ
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ľϺĽͺ󣬷׷ҡͷЦ߸ԵģһɢˣȫǶûľϺȰ棬ȵͷš


256 ¹
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257 
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¹ǲ֪˵ҲǱˣֻǼ裬˶ΪȻǱˣΪأҼǰﶼʶˣ¹پ϶Ǳˡȹةʵ࣬Ҳǰģˡ
αѯһǿǵҲϻˣֱľڣʵжˣ

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ةֹջǴＷû֡
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ĵطûʱڷֵϸûе͵ʷԵط참׵Ķ̲ͷֵġ
οһЦЦŲͷֱԲ䣬ܺãΪαٴУǻƺӴη壿
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ոյϢ˶֪꾿Ǻˣʴ˻̾ĹˣȻҪˣ˱̾ҰٵӶˡ
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¹ٶţë֪һλʶһܡ
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ԣƿɵһŴ󺺣ʼǹ٣ǹ٣ΪҪǹء
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ڷŭˣֻ۸ˣʲôʱ۸ã˸۸ˣһɱ֡
ðܺã̫Ǵ߳ˣ˶Ĳǰɣ췴ǿͰ
Ϊ״ֻõɱ֣ɵֻһֳѪܵǹ߳ʱһЦλֵܺǡ
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258 ǹ
ϦĹǹϣƵĹâֻһվ⣬ǹֱǹͷĸӣһ̣ƺѾǹһ˭оǹˡ
͵ĺȫסˣЩСģֱ˫һڵĿ֣̿һЩŮӺСѾŵֱ봰ǽɪɪǼɱ˵ģҲȫԲ۾һŵĿŽֵϵˣǸˣɱĴڣǺʮ˿ܾ顣
˿ܲΪǲ£ֱǶûعʱо֣бŭһЩѡתͷһЩֻ󺰣ӵɱ
ǣɱ˻δ£ǹͷͻȻһڣһϦ·ĺâ˿ܿµս·ܾСãͻȻ粽ҿǿµˡ
²ɽͻȻһԾһ̤һƥսϣԾϰգǹ֮ף£ֱӶһ˿ܵţɲʱ䣬ѪԽųǹͷ
µһƥƨϣǹɨһ˿ܲҽһؿھǱţײ㣬ѪĴսϱײֵһҵ̴͵͵ӵİŵþ
תˣ˿־ֿ֣ȴǲˣֻ´ƥϣһƥϣ絾紵һƬƬâǹ磬ǹ룬һһļ䣬һ˿ܴս׹䡣
ս˻سǣ˿ܵĲҺŭһںԺը졣
ѪȵһĻǹһĺӣһսУ׵ӡйսߵԶҲ޷ĥ
ܰܣ
Ǽ䣬ֵֻʣ˿ܣǴ˿ĵѣֻſ뿪֣ܳسǣܶԶǶԶ±Ҳ̤˵һǣȴɲˣ¶һƥս׷Ƭ̼䣬ֽ˿ܻս֪
һ˿ܻͷֳǹĴԽ׷Խδǹͷ㵽ϣŵ۷ף°ĭĴϵ¡
Ķȴҿһֻۣ˦ޣһ·񱼣ۿ˾ҪֵǺȻ䣬һϦ£ӰӳǰǼȻǷ˵Ҫéӻŵλ֪أʲôʱܵ
ֻ֪شӵʰһȭͷʯͷе˵Ȼһ˦ʯͷɲʱͳһ˿ǰ㿪͸оޱȣ˱ˤڵء
һǰжǣͻ£֪޷ѣһִս˫ϥһ򣬷Ŀͷġ
սĿŹĵķ˿ܣûֻ֣Ρ
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˵ţ˫֣һűʯͷţװķ˿ܣŵ˿ֱҲѧͬͷġ
ðճһЩûļһǷǵȻǰ۴ˡһ
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µͷһɨ߼ҿɡ
ʱİһɪɪĴ߷߳죬ץסû͸ķ˿Ѻǰηȴʧ˷Ĺֽһˣ
γЦЦЦ⣬ڻƻ£ҲĲȻֻЦûúõĹոо⣬̹ǡ
ҶˣǷʲô͵ˣѺη
Ȼ˵ˣǰǻǲǰһֻԶԶΧۣΰ̾һһƽﱻƺӴɵˣǱļƻҲҪˡ
Ǿͽˡ
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ǱȽ侲ģԸǿǿµĳС
ƽѹˣѰǵȫĥˣ浽ʱ̣ձ޴ǣǿǮŮĳ˾ǰɲʱǺۣ̲סͻȻŷ˿ִߡ
Щ˵ĿͷǾҲˣȡ֮ıǱѹ˺üķŭޡ
Ҳн죬ҿҵǮõң˰̣㣬㡭
ɱҵĶҪ㡣
ҵĹŮأǰôˣ˵ޣ˵ҵĹŮأ
Χ˿ִۿԽԽңŲͷһֻǿǵȫ˵ǴǷǹٸ
վȺΧעһĻةߣȲ˲ͷĺˮϹϾĵˣȻʤˣǻƺӴǿϳԿһɱô£ǽķ˿ܰ
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θةһۣ㽫ĿȺеģ㲻ҲȻҶôֻûƺӴȥˣף
ף¹סةͷ絷
ܺã˵˵سжˣж׳ʮϵжж٣Ҫһһһ㱨
ةԣһǰسǻаǧˣΪǻƺӴ»Ҫȫصİ˳ݣʱسǵİѾǧ࣬ص˶٣ֱ¹Ҳû尡
˵꣬ة̿ˮֵ׳ƺӴĶɱˣس׳ֻвˣжҲٶ࣬ĶһЩ氡
գεͷԸȥǧټǲԸⷴƺӴ˵ѾɱˣƺӴǾԲŹǵģΨһĻ·ǷΨɱŻ̫ƽղܻصǰ̫ƽӣ
ǣ¹ȥ졣ةҲΥΣټ֮ǰĻȥ
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һɹѱƺӴĥѪھȵķٴ£䲻֪ǰ֮˾ʲô֪ͣƺӴж£ȻźУһ˼Ѫ㣬
ʱʣµĻʲô飡飬飬а飬ΪˣΪѣΪˣΪֻܻƴΪ˺ԺֻܻѪɱܣֻΪһ죡
οĻǰж߾ȭͷѪɱܣֻΪ죡ɱɱɱ


259 Ŷ
ɽʮĺر߾һׯ԰ĴдںȾƴڳ⣬һ˲һ壬ЦŹ㱨Ǻһ֪أôСܱһֵȥˡ
һĴԣһЦһѴȫɳȥҪƽڰڣ벻֪˼ҶҲǳصģǵĴƵýҲҲǣøӴϢ֮䣬ﹻݣ췴أͱһ
ӢҵȰǸˣץסСӣЮҿܷ첻һ󺺴Բѵ
󺺴Цͷд⣬־ɽ룬µľǴǺڿǴȴȫûпǵӻͻȻѣʱһֵװ񣬻쵽һһӦϣ£䵽
һЦԺе˼ʹԽδʱǽӵڽɽϷ绨ѩ£Ƴֵӡ
ִ󵨵뷨ҲģԴӸ˴󣬲ŽģǶıɱƽģׯ԰˵˿ֻһƽׯ԰Ҳֻׯ԰һũ˭뵽úŷɥĻƺӴȻûжɽڴ˵ء
ɽĳѨٱѵˣǺʹ绹һһĶֵϽʳǹٸٳٲܣҲûţһںչǮƺݣһ˵бˣǵԽԽھ㳯͢ɱˣҲδܹǵɽկˣҲӵɽɽĹ°뱲ӡ
Ƿ˸߷ǣ˿ģ֪ˣȼһأЩˣסɽկںļţռ鱨ѣǾԲᱻץġ
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ʵ֤ҲȷˣȻ˹ᣬǵȫذŭɱ˲գڷûһģ֮صİֻھжɹʱ䡣
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ҪǰÿضһЩٱפأԴ󣬲߱ɱ߱㱻䵱ڻɵǰߣسǵΰ㽻ս㣬췴ҲƲˣԴ˲ںȫͶ뵽սϡ
֮ʵܴһԭǼݺ;ݵķ٣֮رǶͰΪǿĺܣԶԥݵһС״ǿҲһۣʹûƺӴܷչ˼꣬Ҳûб
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Ϣ㾫ɽĵҲˣʱǳˣһ磬ұ㽫Ǵǰ
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˵һͷةվǰСʵˣȻŹڼ飬Ϊβ£Ҫȥͨ籨ţ
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˵˼ǡةһ׹һɨУŷǸƥǹúȻһû֣ŲͷҲˡ
ˣԴ˺ŲͷǼˣʲô𣿡ȻʶµʵةЩ˼һƺӴϾǧװķ˱£Ҳܵеùǧ˰
κһڲ裬Цģֻȥӻˡ
ĪҪ֪ɽկںδ鳯͢ɳ˷ˣةһЩ˷ܵг͢İòˣԼЩ˻ǲҪðˡ
飡Ǻǡ
΢΢һЦЦݿةһһɲԤϮͷ
˲ҪЩ˽ɽ˷˰ɣة̿ˮʵ
бһةҡҡͷ˵֣سǵɽҪõ·̣
һգаգةҲ
Ϊҽղŵسǣֻ˰ʱ͸أ
ةԣ룬ⲻǷϻ𣬷Ҿ˵ˣаգ˼ҶģѾϹ
ة뵽Ȼһƺʲô˵ǲɽ
ЦЦ̲ˣŹȥţһȥֻ˰ʱ䣬Ǿ˵˿ܲɽϣһ˿ǲɽģܿһռ鱨ѵ㣬ֻҪǵط˿ȫصĶĿʧЧʱǽῼǷҪؽ鱨վسǵڳǼҴɱǰܸǺܶʱ䣬ǸðȻƽµȦף㹻Ǻһˣ
Ӣةһƨ
ƨģӿɲһס˵꣬豭Сһڡ
һҹעǲҹҪ˯ΣŸոշԸةȥ˯ةҲû뿪źã㿴һ˽ֱӺײһ˸ƺһ˫˫ڵϡ
ߺʲôʲôةѾǾ֮ˣǲ󣬱㱧Թ
СةҲˣֱǰȭˣˣ
ŶǺεأ
سǺɽмһׯ԰һκܿץˣ
ԣ˯ʵ˫۶ȻùԲ


260 ׯ
ҹɫľسӶ߳һ꣬еĿųͷеŲ˵ЩűⵣǵĿֻһǱǰĻѡ
һнǧˣأԾϪһֱʱʱٺ󣬳淽һƻׯ԰
ϨѣôȺ򡣡˵꣬Сҵׯ԰Ǳص
Σοʵ
ָָһƬ׵صصŹ˿ܾͱԴ棬ȥ
š
εͷӦһ·˽׵غα㿴ֳǹΡȻǰ˱ĺƵá
˭Źһ㺮
οڣŵŹ̧ͷءĽл
ɿڡ
˵꣬߹ȥŹϵĲȡ˳
ŹõѣܵĿϢ˼ڣβʵʮԼĴҲϻˣׯ԰˭棿
ŹԲûֱӻش𣬶ʶһ˿ܣ˵Բ۾ŭŹһδǺãȻ˫üһˣ㲻˵ˣͰϣһˡ
Ҫˡ
ŹҺһС˵ʲô˵ֻСһ
ǾҪṩϢܷһˣ
ⷬȻҪŹ˵һЩëƤС£һ
һΣŹɲȥ˿ˣֱӲǡׯ԰ׯ԰ǻƺӴ
Ź˻һڳ˶һǾ㵣˿Ǿŭ˫ͭ۾ˡ
ƺӴɽ𣿡һץסŹŭ
ŹΡΡĻصƺӴҪľǲͷ뷨ҶΪɽţʵ֪סţٱ˽ɽկҲץˣׯ԰ϳ

βòһ䣬ԭȻΪƺӴִֻɫ࣬ȴ룬СӻһЩıԣŹ뿪ǸҲׯ԰ƺӴվһУûϵֻһǮͰŹݸʶˡ
ˣ˵ĻȫŰѵ
ţȷˣǻƺӴղɽկһȺҰĵļһﻹƷˡ
κĽ̸ŹһסĴȣС˾ʵƺӴȷׯ԰סţɽկأկûǮֻһ룬ֻãĶׯ԰ĵأ
Ŷ
εһƺӴ湻һɽկǧ˵ĿˣҲ˶УɽկûǮ˿ǿͲ̰ټһλ򣬵ȷ·˿ܷ
οһ󣬾ŹĻʮа˾ŶʵȴСƺӴˣǵ͵иͬھһЩֱӻһݣݣһɽկķ˿ǿȡᣬһ氲İգһպⷽԲǧһ˷˼ǣ֮ҪҸҲ׾١
ǰ˶գ˼һƺӴȻɽôҪɽӣֻȫְְ
ˣǻƺӴıףׯ԰һλΪյɱµϢѾɽկˣׯ԰У˻ƺӴһЩѾūͣͻʮ˿ܰضѡ
Źһǰʲô³ˣ˿ѾûʣǱŭ飬Ľлοһۣᣬ뿪ˣǲƬء
Ź˵ƺӴܵϢϢִӺε֪ģ۾Ц
⡭
Źһ̾˿С˸֪ġ
Ȼڳϣұ㲻ɱˡ
⻰ŹһϲǽֵΪƺӴ£Ƕ֪ˣ޷ں棬в뿪ֻίһ£ȥ׶״ƽϢˣҾͷɣΡ
ܲѾʥˣŹܾͷǧл
ȴȥץס˻ƺӴˡ˵꣬һСͷ㽫Ź׵ء
߳׵أȿһ۾ĵׯ԰ŶҺȽȥ
һһֹ˲հǽ°ɡ
ΰڰ֣Ѱ˿˲ңǻƺӴҲµĶ֣ĵȺ򣬴ׯӳһѣʱΧף
ֻͨ죬ȭŹֻܶԷͨˣһ˿ܻӦɾֻˣ䲻֪λ˾ʲôѣ뵽Դޱȵǹ㲻ӣף
»صԣ˱èĿׯ԰
¿ׯ԰ʱֻǹһǹתһȦɵķԾߵΧǽׯ԰ɾιԼҲӦȥߵΧǽȷѲڵ޷ǾϢűܵȥ롣
ǽɿƬβ̿ˮȥѣһ¹ȥǽϵƬŪˣǿɻˣҪֱԾΧǽûгۻ湦̸ףֻèҪûһֻҲܰˡ
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ֻԾԾԵ飬ߵׯ԰ǰһ󣬺ȻﴫһƺߣŴš֨ѽһˣ¶¸ӡ
νׯ԰һ۽űһԲѵļָͣ·ҡ
µͷżڵ˼£ʧǰԺȰѽű߻Եļͱԣż⣬ĵڡ
ׯ԰ϿͨȫǴ쳣װεüΪݳޣǰԺֻɽˮһãȿıһͻƤλǽϣһֻɽͻֵĸֻУβ輸ϵȵĺľ˾Ļƣֱߣһܣʮ˰Уΰզ̲࣬ס߹ȥ´һҡҡͷһͭ
Ҳ˲ٺñ轣ǲıУÿȱ轣ȻնͨذףľͷǻƸͷīϵıУҶֱȵȣҲҪµĵطпڶпڣͼնϣп棬ǾնһƬ׵ľɡ
īȻ̫̣࣬ͺôˣʱ㿿轣ֲʹĸ֣£һһ£ֻһͷǱܡ
һ߹ͣһ·ܵĸֱУЩƺʵԶīȼˡ
Ҫ飬׼ʱȻĿɨһѴ󵶣һ˲䣬ͱѴ󵶸ˡ
Ѵ󵶷˵ۣϸϸۿᷢĲ֮˵ɣͨ޻һͷŭž޿ڵ³ͷʮ㣬Ŀ꣬һȦȦڵϣ̻ڽɫƬɼβĩ·ֻ֣ǿһۣ㲻ԾĿ


261 ŭ
ٶǰռ汲̫ƽº̫ӺΪ˸мռңʮ£մһѴ󵶣Ϊŭ
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ʷڵոմԽʱڹżпΪ¹ԼŴˣȻһ£Ҳû뵽ʱ󣬾Ȼʧһʮŭ
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ιŭִĽŴҪ࣬Ҳʮѡ
ֳŭνǻ£㲻ò֣ͣо赶ǵˣǿ£Լϸ֫Ҫˡ
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Ŵܺ߳ΪİŭŻϣżߵļá
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ŹĻУ֪ׯ԰˻ƺӴһֵܷ˿ܣͨˣЩ˶ǼѾߣ²ˣֻȽǻΣץ˻ƺӴжᡣ
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ߺˣׯ԰Եһ̨ϣһӴʵ
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ƺӴջ³Сȭϲǹ֮һżȻĻᣬõŭ󣬱ڷԲҲһһģܱ߼سǶҲһ֣ߣΪ¸Ҳˣȴûϵǰ֮˾ȻԼŭþҲò¶Է첲һѪ
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³ҽһ˫֮£Ҳ޷סŭֻšѵһŭأ³֪УϽԺȥֻҰ·ӣûܳͱ׷ϣһǹɨĽŽ
³˵ڵأŭǺˣΪҪӺң
˺֪ش˻£ΪҸ

֪أ³ʱйƤ򣬳׵
ѹضԷΣͰԼɳ˸ɱˣˣԼһţҿ
ǹϵԼ³Ҳûг׷ɱңҵֵǲŹǵģʱѪɺӣʶӹȥӻطһ·
ʱҪźݻųųķ˼ҿ³֪ԲۣⷬЦһ𣬶ʱ˹λ󺺣ֿЦЦģֵûǰǲɱģ


262 Ƽֵ
ƴһ·ߵʮƣûɽ˵ɽǰɽկ·̫ˣҲ˵û·ȻɽկʮΣÿʱܰ
ɽկƴֱҵܻ׿׿ûһ
Сǣ֪ؾɱǵĵ֣ڻ˯ƨҸɱȥǺسǣǹƨ֪ضࡣ
ɱ
ɽկڣȻʱɽ̣ʳͰŮӣģȫ⻹ǵһΣÿ˯ȫޣ˷̰ܶѪ˫ɵĴģһĥ׷׺ȡ
ΪܵĵȻҲкصˣ˿Щ˾һ۷׷ףǶɱٲУҪɱİգͲòؿˣȻҲǱΣɽ˵ģвѣ޷µӰ
׿Щ˵Ĺ˼ɣһ߹ȥǷģҵɱҶŹǵˡ
лʮͬʱȭм
ˣ֪ҶﻵˣڲѹˣֻҪºسǣʱǮӦоУҰôô档
䣡꣡ǧķ˿ܷˣĴɽҰֱһʱɽկ硣
һɽһɽϣǹ糤ɽͷβɼһɽ˿ܣ㳲ˡ
һɽûУֱɢҵߣһ·Ͻǧ˳£ŵøׯİɪɪŴգһȻңȴҰ֮صӣϾⷽԲʮĴӣ类չϰٱ飬ǰײףɲ񣬼ûˮҲûΰͣȥҲǰ׷
ǰǴׯ԰ˣδҹðΣյİڹºغ󣬴ֻܽҸ壬ɱҴ뽭ɽ
ۺʱֻҪٸԱ췴ûϲһ췴ĴñӣǱ֮ûʵɣƴ׿˵Ȼ֪ԼɽȴҲϣΪ˳һʱ֮һȻɣҪָ롣
Ҳ֪Ŵһ汿ˣֻоЦԷǣһ˷ܣΪԼˣܺͳ͢ˣպصԼ磬ǱӵĴ£ⲻ֪⼸ɵ룬贫ʮ磬ǵһЩΪ˻˻ˣȻɽѹͲ֪ˡ
ۿׯ԰ڽƴһ֣ȵҶסˣǰǴׯڵأ˭ǸҲ̤˴ճɣҾҪ˭𣡡
ף
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ƴͻ׿ɽХ˹ﶼˣ룬ҪǿС˿ˬˣѹЩٵģģƵ۵ҲԭȺ۵ζˬⷬء
ׯ԰ƻͨⱼ˴ҹۼѾǰףƴ￴ܵҵȥڽжʮֵܰѹһɱ
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ʮ˽ׯ԰ȿıǰԺеһˣλϣ˰̤ƤǵĴ³
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硭
ƴͻ׿һĿ׵Ŀɵˣէ£ƽĴ磬˿ΪλΪģͷ˸ˣ
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׿üͷ壬ǿĶļҪ£нǧֵܣ
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ǣ
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ڳԣȴߣˡ
׿˵ţγһӵڵĳε

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νмһֱ֪ûУ׿ʹһСȭţΨһͬıõıһһ̣˾ڼܶŹֻ۸ˣû˭۸ͷϵģһΣ֪ɶɽɽˡ
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263 
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༸֣һĹǣ׷תѾׯȥǲŸոս棬ӭǵȴһƥƥͷѪܵս
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һжҪ鹦λŸոû֪أΪ˼ǳ͢٣Ҫһˣ
ȫϰյĴӵ£μѵӽѰպͷǮ룬ةԼǿŭ֪ذŵż䡣
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̶һʱ䣬Բĺأתۼͱһٵľ󣬰Ҳʼոׯˡ
ʱκæõĹţëȻ˴øİ֣ԼȴҪȻòǾӣ´ң˿ܲⱣ֪ǹȨΣ᲻ǿһЩ
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ŹλԹεķԸ֪ǸĻᣬǷȥ淢ΣҲϧң䵽ǿŴ˰дõģݼ򵥵԰ףԴʲô⼫ΪŽĹԱҲ˵˼ˣһصʱ˵浽ںĺôҲᣬǸ治Ҫеĺǲġ
ǣŹһϣ϶Ӳݣ˳ˮ۵ŻƺӶ԰ĺڿȥˡ
ڿǣԼұռҾռںԼұｨһԼʱ֪ἹӶϢ˵ҲǺڿٳ̶һĺõطЩҪʵҪǣռҾľӪ⣬λΪŮ粣סں
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δѲ˵꣬ڰֵ
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ѲܿȥˣʱץסһηηУ׵꣬΢΢һЦǺˣΪ˭ţ
ҡҽСŹҼҴŸ粽֪սʲôط˵꣬ȻǶɺӹŹ
˵ŹҲùģŸոմľͱں̲ݴѲץˣҲɷ˵һٺôֱڣͷԻЩѣġ
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ڣ
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ɲʲôڵģֻţţнȥٴĿü˵ķˡ
СҼҴ˵˵ˣҪֽսġŹ֪⻰϶Է뵽ǰǧĻֻù
Ȼɷ˵ģֱŹסԼߵŹһ飬óһţһʶ̧٣Ƚѹһߡ
ǣɵŹѹ⡣
żֻǰͷ֣һ
һϣһţֱʻȻѿ˼ֱײˣסĪŭֻ仰ʱû̲סֱӰֽʹ÷顣


264 
⣬һλòªĳӽĸһ븮С
ںõȺʱˣ˵꣬ªӱ첽á
ãȻһӰͨһ£һĻɰѳªһ
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ǰ˫ֱĴȣȴӦΣԸ
ղһ˼ǲʴӦѻ˵ˣǾܾʵԲס֮ˣ
ΣֻõͷҴӦ㣬ʲô˵ɡ
ԣһϲȴɿĨ˸ˣ
Ȼ
аһ䣬ҡͷһ̾оģҲֻˣǿԣʵǲκϽȥԼҶж⼸Ҳǿ粵˼˼ұϾзѾԼκҲͰˣαذȾء
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ģ
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һ󰵰ҡͷĳ飬Ѿ߻ħľˣһֱΪڻԣݺеĻӣһҲҲĵǸ˶ءϣǻĲ飬һֱ˺Ҫ¼еĳӣҪصĶడ
ǲ
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УԲУҡͷһҲӦı顣
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ȣˣ˰
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鼱֮£ܶ½⡣
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⻰ûֱ˵ֹֻһ䣬۾֮󣬲ɫѾ֪ˣѣǺռҾһƻ
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˵⣬һڲ裬мԣʱһֱѵˮȡΧκԣʹҪȥõͻƿڣȻǺˣ
ڣֻһðŹںõôǰ񣬼ٸ׽ã½ϼðնɺͿţʱ粱Ȼڽ֮£ҹϮ
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ԽԽ̲꣬סһݣϲĸ
ҪҪĳ׸ɾ˷ԸˣһҪˣյĿȫǣûб㶨ҪԸ뾡һа취⽴޷Բ
˵һ䣬Ȼһ̾ǧлŲص߳á
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Ȼ棬Ǵ˵ķԸΥǱټֿʼжˡ
ԼұͷѾΪռҾˮѵУѵˮһǿԷˮ͵Ϯһ棬Ҳջɳ²֣⣬˵ǰ㣬Ҫһ䲻⡣
УϣһҴҵԣϥ¹սһԳŹˣӪ˵Ҫ
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⻰粻һͻȻһץļϣһ£ֻоϵǿҪˡ


265 ٺ
۵һ죬ȴҶֻǿ̼ϵľʹ
״粲Żعɿ˵˾䡰Ǹɫõʵ빫ٸ֪ںδ๫ģ
ں๫ģ뷢ǰʱ
һʼ껹ЩЦݣԽ˵ɫԽ꣬Ȼһ֮̾ǰ֪๫ʵݣֱץ֮ǰŽ¶ʵ飬Ȼ񣬵ڼǰǵ˶ʮĴῴ๫Ԩأұ͵ɹӣս
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˵⻰ϸһ粣ֶԷȻһ󣬱ֵ˵εĺ֪ش治ˣ𹴽Ϊһ˵´ңĴӴܣĻ·ƫƫΪ˴ץ๫С˵ǲ๫±ץ¹ٸʱ๫һ¶ְ֮
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⻰һ˵ȻɫһһĻĻĶǵĻƻԺи֡
֪ˣӣȸȥϢ
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ǳĲ֪ͬĲͬЩ˻߹ȴϲƽ׽Ҳ˽һЩ粵ĳѾƽˣڼ赶֪Щ
˻֪ģǺһϵӵİοȼȵ룬ԴѾɽˣһ㰡
ǣһȺ˱뿪ˮӪǰȥˡ
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ǸȻֱˣҲȻͬ粵ľϡ
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β֪Ϊ飬ĳ͢ǳ׵ַˣһ޳᰸ΪȻһ˵˺Ⱥӣôԥض׷Ч£ʱһǿգֻݺ;ݵ˰ά֣µġ
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266 ҹϮ
κ˳ԹԻطϢʱҶˣÿǵ˯Ҳ⣬ÿջطʱ̲סŭС
ŭܳ趯ʱһԶ壬ΪæµŪˣһҲܶ轣ʱз絾ȡ
һһչһղʮտգѾΪÿյı޿ΣΪûһո޷ߣҪģǵ׸
Դڰƹ۶֮εĥʮΣϸʮָҲôֲϼ
һ´ڵĻ꣬λѾʪ͸źŭĵĲĺպˮߣ˼ͰľˮϴȫηˮͰʱͬʪ˹
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ڼϵĵʱĺЩƵսͦġ
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֪µĹ۵ԼͬǰȥһУǰ嵭꣬һһãѾͣսԶȻƺӴЩں֮ǿˡ
뵽Ǽ˿̰Ҫβɺˣһֱû㣬ǹʦкδ
Ĩһϵľˮ˦˦ͷĵͺһЦǸүүϰǹүүʦΪܶһʦʮ˰ͨµӸһܣϧҳʦȻȥԵһұź
ʲô
εɴ۾һŵܶ
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δԣǴһʦȻ鲼£õ洫֮֮٣˵ЩΪδδүүҲδ֪ʦʦǺˣִӺε֪
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ЦЦҲͣ˵һ䡰Ϣɡһ߲ӣһ߻ص˷С
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ͷһλҪϸ˵ĺŮӣһ֣Χ£سǡ
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ôˣôˣʲôˣһҼҵһűİմֳԴѯʡ
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ͻȻҳһƬ˽ĽлҲв˽ĹؽŴ
⣬һȻݸɺ°µȴ͹ŮӣϵķĿȻʵ˭¶ˣ
˵ڿΣɱһŰԵĵŮӡ
Ůԣһü֪Ѿߣ

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ǲԸģԼˣǵºԼֲܲΪֻ֪гıߵΪҪҲֻԴ߷ˣ룬ʮа˾žͻˣʱһжˡ
Ļ˵ЩˣسĻ󣬵һЩƹҪϰٱһԽԽҵơ
˿粵һŷģĻ㣬ԽԽѹˡ
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ݣ
еֻװ޳̤ѩһΣǼбƵ˾һֻſ嵽⣬ָӴҶԵС
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Ⱥѵصľһӻ񣬲֪һҪ˭ǹ̳ȥ˲ˣ¶ֻܽסǹ˷Էս
侲侲ɢ룬Ŀ࣬ռоԵƣξ轣ȵ
εȻӾ侲ȻһЩСھǵһ󺰴һǹڵƻ£ӨӨĺ⣬ɲʱһ˵ؿڣ˰ա
ǹˣ
Ҳ֪˭ǽһɤӣȫ侲ʿһʸߵ˶㣡


267 һ
ˣˣˣáǰŹ£Źϣƣɱ
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ãսɱˣһĻһһ͵ɷʴһףԼ˰ɣ
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ս쿴֪ɱˣ
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ʲộֻķ̣ĪΪԼΪĹԱĲŴ˶ʢŭΪԼͽҪѪɱΪǷţ鵽˼㣬ĸ׸ˣ
ˣˣλ˫֣ɳƵĽлš
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ǶԱͺ˵ĺɱӵĸ߰ɳƵֱͬվڴеһҶС֮ϣŷ츲صĺХ˻һľ
Сģ
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ǣһʯ콵Ĳһϵһɵ˼ڻǹǹɲǼ䣬㻮һƬǣббؿȥ
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ҡҡǱ𡭡ҪˣҰ㡭
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мˣˣмˣ
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һΪȫȫ⣬ɱ˿ܣ˰գ԰үȻмˣ᲻ǣûȥ룬Ҳ룬ֻҪЩ˺˴˵Ĵͽȫˣ
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Ϊ˴˱𣡡
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粺Ͱȫû뵽һûаˣǵըҩͰ׵İĻȼˣ⻹鱨֪Ĺ𹴽ᣬΪһĸĸٻ
һҪг̣̣ӶˣȻûϵȺɷӣһЩ֮ˣɲʱͱ˴⬣
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Ѿˣ´ϲͬʱɱҲǴʧɫ
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ȻȻıӰ֣ҪٻǸյߵĻȴôҲ²һ̣ƺ̵ʶûǸˣǣƵ˶ҲͶĻ
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ûи֣ܵס粣ΪҲ֪Է˧ֻǣӶܣԴû׷ϣź˶ĵطΧȥ
׷ϵųܵùˣʱֻ˳˷СʧӰ١
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ǹӰһϵѪˮƬƬķɽ˭ֻҪҿ֮ڣһ̱һʬ塣
ˣǺʱµˣ񿥵ǹ´ҪѺ֪ض࣬Ƶòǣһҵ޶С
ɱ
ٴΧɱӭǵģֻбǹ


268 ׳Ȼ

һҽУһ˱ǹɰա
һĲҽУ˸ոճɣ˾˹ȥֻһֳǹĺӣʮ˰ΧȻϱһˣеǹ˿һ·ɱУӳΧ
ٷˣ˺ЩסҪҪǡ
ɻû˵꣬粱ҡͷȥӪ
ţ
һ۱֪ǹӵҪǹ˵ƫԼһϵ֪Ѿʤϣ˷̫ʱ䣬һ๫ﻹ˼͸ֹа
ֻƬ̵ͣٴðܴγȥ
ߣһǹһеĶ̵첽һ̤ں˸ϣֱӰ߷ɵ˼ͬϣѰΧȦײһȱڣγΧȦֱܿ߰˸˰ΧЩ˾Ȼҹ£Ǵͨİա

һǺˣǰգֻҪڸŵԲǹһƬǹӰǰ漸װľɢӿӲ
սڣѾµֻ֪ɲУ³ʮͬ㣬ǹ¡
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½ǹڵʯУ˫ֿϵסڼû͵ϮĺˣֻһǹһУһתǹɨɥǹ¡
һΣڳ˫֣ǹԶǵܱȵģµǹ汸ɽڣеķһֻɱΧ

һͻȻϮתһǹֱûؿڣδȺͻȻһӰһɱ˹Ŀ겻£ϵΡ
鼱֮£תһؿҪ˺˵ĵǰ·Ӧˣڱһ˵£Զһʱǰݣеսؿһն£㱡һƬѪȣҲ֪һ˶

´һֳǹɨǹͷһƤ޳㣬ݺݻں˵̫ϵϣ˲Һһ嶼һǹķɵɿ⣬˼Ѫ󣬱˫һգ֪ˡ
Ҫ֣ǹ٣
һۼװµĹ˼ɣϽˡ
ȻһǺˣװľǵĿ궼£ϵΣΪ˻סˣ̶̼䣬ԾؿڣȣұѪʣһȻְ졣
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˺װ֪ȥƶᱻһ˸ѹסˣͬʱϣѹ׳ҵս裬κߣȻڲǽʱ򣬿һΪսĺӣ˲
ֱһͬʱĺҲǹ˻ǡ
첻ˣһȥ˶࣡
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¾һ󺰣һ䣬ǹɨһȦǹӰḥ̂ĺװʱҺһȻˣ׷׿ԼؿѪĵ˿ڡ
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ʲôûˣ
һ˿ʩչһк󣬱㵥ϥ¹򣬾ҵĴϢϽˡ
»սļһֻˣʧ˶ֵ£Էڿֲסˣ˻࿴һۣ󶼺ݺһҧһ䡰ɱ¡

ͻȻһ˻ͷһ˻һֻһ޴ĺӰͷ£üתȥ㿴һƥߴսǰ㣬־޴ḥֱ̤̂ؿϡ
ۣ
ҲҽжûѪıս̤ڽ¡
̤ѩ
ŻعϽ嵽̤ѩԣοϣץǹһ˫Ŀɨˡ
ʣµû뵽Ȼһƥ£ȻһƥΪ壬ǹӾȻ㲻òǾˣ
ܣ
һװľ˵ת֮ززˣ֪ƴɱ˶ԷԼҲҪɥ͵͵ȥܴһС뿪ڿ
һӱĳ֣ǣˣȻǹˣǴӶԷ˲ѿƴҲǣ˲ڶ׷׸ͬԶݶȥ
¿һĻ˲֪ûɣ˻һϢд棬ڻǿʹ˵
⣬粿ȼյΣһֱŵ˫Ʋסˮ
๫
һŴγ˹ȥ
ٷˣ
ɴһϽһ壬һѱס粵˫ȡ
ſңŤͷ˫Ŀĺȵ
аٷˣͣܽȥ
ڲſݹˣ
˵꣬ϡһһ䵶˰ɵĲϡ
ˮסٷ˵˫ȣаԡ
精ȻһЦ䣬ѩ䵶ۿҪаɵԴǧһ֮ʣͻȻһڵĺ˳˹һץס粵
Ŀһ٣Ѿȡֵĺ˳ҡҡͷ
ïҲңȵ
ٷˣѾûлˣ
Ҳţſҡ
ǣѾˣұƣûҵӣ㷢ϰ˱ѬǲһǶӰڴʱͷѾȳϰˣӾ氡
⻰˵ïԼûŷοء
ϰ˻Уϰ˵þȣ๫ڱȵǶ
Ҳһɱˣ
Ȼ˫Ŀ죬ˮֹס˫ɾȻ䣬а˿С
ïһͻȻָһȺվԶɪɪİսеٷ˿쿴ӣ
ʲô
ϸո¶ϲ֮ɫһ̣ͻȻоһۣ˫Ŀһۣ㳹׵ʧȥʶ
ï㡭㶵Ŀïֵ
ɱˣٴٷ뿪ҼڳҶӣ
֪ڲïʱ򣬿ïҲ֣ٷʮа˾žͳˡ
ɲӣ粱ȺЩղŻھȻİգ˺󣬱ɪɪĶһԲҿȻʹЩˣȺ֮ͽЩȥ˿̼ǳ׷ÿһ·Щ뿪ˮȻ


269 
ȼһҹڶ峿ǧسǵĸ׽ˮ£ηĴڱˣһ𲻽θûˣķҲյʮ䣬ʧǲ֮
ǻȺմһ˵Ϣˣ֪شڴˣҹԵʱ˷Űˣδ˵ǹԽͷػʱʮߵһĺӣȻӲͦˡ
һ֮ƺӴűûãһȺļһˣֱӵɱʮˣ߼Ǳʹ
ǿһЩû˵ģϵˣҪһȥѯʴ򣬿ǻûһ˵Ϣˡ
ʲô飬ҹ¸أ޷Ǿ㣬һ֣ս
ֻʱֻսˡ
磬ջڱʹĿʳͣͻȻ䣬ȫسһ׵ðǷ׷߳ݣϽͷӶѯʾʲô
ˣעⰡˡ
ʲôˣô죿
ʲôӴ̲ɱϰա
ˣڹϣǶô˿
Ŷ˵ÿһһأץӴүʼµҲҪɱӺﰡ
ǼˣˣǾǺү
ȣ˵Щˣ취Ѵ˲ɣ
ԣ˶ڣ¾ǾҲҪץŵˣ´ܶںسˣ
ô죿ˣ뿪
ةӦа취
ԣҶү
ʮ˵꣬ܵãѯʹ֪ةҩѯʴүƣ˱мææĸȥҩ̡
վҩǰһȺȺӿİգü֪ҵ⣬õģֻҪĳһڣ;ôΣյģҶɢȥɣѵȻǵˡ
ԣҶɢȥɣۼܿܰģҪ֪ͨףҪǹˡ
ǳһ󣬱뿪ˡ
ةŰȥ󣬲ŻصҩÿһʮĻҷߴһ߳߹ȥʵ򣬴Σ
üͷϵ̾ÿҡͷÿ̾ҩȺϢһԨ
ֹ۰ҡͷ̾
ʲôǴǡԲ۾
𼱣
ϽֹĻ磬һĻ˵˳
ؿϵļͷֻһ㣬˵ķڰγͷʱѪȻֹҴӴľϣƳ߷ϵĺۼû뵽հһҩܰѪֹסˣڸĶѾˣ˾᲻ѣͿˣ
ԣ˿ûз¾ġ
ҪˣҵӦβˣü
ةʵˣǲѰᶯɣ
òҪ
˵ţһĨ°͵ɽе۾ȻһƣӦô˶ɹ˽٣
˵˶ǾϲĽе
ͷسڶ࣬ǿѯ߼һʬ壬ܺʹò߷Ƶģ˵ּҵֲҲˣƽʱ˵ԼˣصƬӣȥּҵˣֲ͹ײĴãﲼúãˡ
˵⣬ѾˣŤͷԸǿȥ죬ּҵļͬ⣬ҲҪʬ
ɣ
ڰ֣üԹҪ浽ʱ򷴶˴˰
ȣ
̾һǾȫȥ¿ͷ
˵꣬ԴŲͷ뿪ҩ̣Ҳڳֹˣֻּ˿ڴƽԺһзϣֲʬһá
ĵȫǶģּʱ⣬ּǶ˵˰ʬͬײһˣȻǸʱѾ棬Ϊ˴壬ֻöӵ뿪ߡ
ײĴʱةѾ˲ˡ
سһҹͻȻս˽ʮˣİײãةһģѰ·ױȫ˺˲ܰװκãû򣬱͵ƴ棬̫٣һŵȼһġ
ʱǿ޳һƬ֪ϢİΪˣǰͺ̵ӿ⣬ʮˣϰˣǧ˹⣬ֶˣּҶϾУڰУҲֻǶ֪ײе˶ǴˣǵĶӰ
˶ุΪ̣㰲ϢɣּҶﱯʹš
һʱ䣬ŵ𼸺ʤʢֻۣǱȥʢ󸣵˲ͬ˼лϲǳȻȫǿһƬꡣ
ֹ˰ʱİղҶŻ⣬ТһƬ
ʱˡ
ͷ뱱粣ҹï裬ʱѾˣʱһͷҪغأаɡࡢʮѪ粽УʱҲݲİЩ˶ɱˣֻ㶵ڻƺӱߣŲ׳ϺˮһŷģҲ֪ǿҪš
˿̣ǧ˹ڴϿľҲ̲סˮٴζ
ôˣǿ̱ʹģ粺ʵ
սߵһڵϵİԣʵϴүΪ˭
ϴүۿһ£һƨ¡
㡭
Ҫŭһ߹סļ򣬳ϴүصʵǳſĪ֪ˣ
ѵ˲ǾͻŹЩѪͽֻֻ֪̣ѣʱΪϰòһλүɻûãͱ˰ˣ۰ΪʲôĲǡ
ϴүʹıͻȻؿһۣһ㴭㵹˵ϻȥŵԱ߾һľ磡󣬱ϽŸҩȥ
⡭
һ㶴ͣΪǶ֪֪˭ģʶģͬʱ粡
精ǲԶϴүĻһ˿ҲЩˣ֪һоôˣȴŹĴǵĵ飬õĽ֪һ޶Ĺ٣ƽѺѹô˿ΪһĻһճɵ
֪ÿһƻÿһ֣ߵһ˫˫۾أѾϰǱأʱĺټջ磬û˵ǣ˿޼ɵںߣӺͿ粵̽ӣʴˣŹƬ֮ﲻΪţһϵⰲŵĵ飬ԽԽȷ֪ؾһ̰Ĺ٣ͬʱһòӢƤ𪣬ʱӣץ
粵ӡУһλǰ·ݣʱ๫òӢƤ𪣬ʱȻ֪Ӳͬ๫ɵĹٻӵܣ竡
νĲ˳ʺõ﾿룬˶ٴΣһɽһŻԺףŻǻǰ̣ɱ۶գһ£ȴΪǵһѰһЩùϹײ˶жķˡ


270 غ
غүɥڽ˱飬ҵȣҶϱ͢ˣԱѪ𣬿ү·̶̶ʮأΪ²أȴΪҺɽ˰գǿ񣬴˵ȹҲء
ةʹĹǰ̣ÿһТ֮ʣ޲ǣ˺յģ˶ʹڵأֹ
ھӲ෽һĻ𾪣ŤͷԵǽǡ
˲ҪţˣΨӲͷƤͦȥˣϲɱʱȥˣ
ǡ˵ʲôջȴûпڡ
ȻҪҪһкûкҩֻܼˣ
һԣ侲˵ʱȷ֪һЩΪ˺ĹףôҲ뵽ֵȵزһֽסĸо
粳£ȷԴ෽˿ڻ᲻ỳɵͷϣҲֻ粲֪ˡ
˲սɷ򣬾Ȼ˶ΪΪ¼ҲʧΪһϧǷԼһգҡͷһ̾˼ȻѾˣٶҲá
ǰȺѯ˺üգõĽ۶Ǻһʼ֪һһܰӵĺù٣Ǹɱˣʮַ̣˵ǵĻ֪֪պо̣谭粽У붼Ҫܵǣ
£ҸоȻ£ܾĵǴȻҳԼǺˣ벻ɣҲǴ֮ʦָ뽭ɽĿںսһֳĸоԼĲˣͰտеļк𣿿˼˵Ļǡ
ô죿аߵѪ׷׽Ŀ⿴粣ϣָһ·ԼЩһ㡣
ˣʲô취֪ģѾΪ˰еļˣȻԷ֪ľܺ
ռΪر߹ٶ꣬ڼŴδֹһܰ޵ռӵܣڶػͣӺݣ˭ֻҪ֪ռҵĺˣôҶĵͰһһĴ£ܵ˰յӵռѾֹΪ˴룬ͬʱҲΪգΪǲܵսĽѣռҸԸػ߹أⲻΪռҵļҹɭϣ汲ͬʱҲһΣһѪҺΡ
粵ĸ֪һܰӵĺùٸɱˣôɲҪ򵥣Ҫҷ
ùˣ๫ҲҲ粵κ˶ܣＸѳɿհס
Ϊһ˿ϣ粻ǿŶҡ飬оձɱȫڳʯϰӪկ
ǣһȭתǰ´

粸տڣȻ˶٣ǽŵȥ鿴ҹӪﱻκʹ֮
ǣ
ȭ󣬱һֱֱӸζȥ
׼գɢȺ
һϵ´սֱӴȺߵô룬еĹ餣ȡͷͻȻͨһڵϡ

ռҾˣŵ˶սŷ׷¹
Ҳһľ㵣ŮҪʲôȻйһ֥¹
ɣҼҴܲ𰡣ةԾ󣬸Ͻȥ
ҪǹײǴڣة㿴ŮҲƨ֪˲ǴڰﲻЩܳʶ˹
Ϊܵ𣡡
˵꣬ڰǺռҾ㵵ĿУһͷվͷʵɷһ˵
ةҪü죬ӦǿλŮϸĶͷϣһǺЩѪˮЩ̣Ǳͷ롣
粺ةţĸвȥֻ죬ϣǼǸˣӵеƬ
ةʱֻɨһ۹ײģײѾҪջĿ⣬Ŀ⻹ûȫջأһ㶣Ŀٴλص˹ײϣͬǣһĿⲻǹײģǹײǰһ󵶡
ѵ޻ǽҲһ̵ŭ³ŭڵռ֮һλãЩԶˣƾ粵ڽɫƬ
ŵٴۣ粻һʧŭ
ŮĻةعȿһ۹ײǰŭ粿ЦһǴ˸ǺʱҹͻϮɽͷĿ³ׯ԰õģȻ󵶣ȴԴ˵֣ÿն壬ÿ꣬˵øɾ°⼣ʴȥҲ⵶óպһᣬҼҴ˰һΪȴô˵³ǡء
ةΪԲѣĵĺ粼ʶһ˵󣬺Ȼ뵽ҩϵĴˣةֿ
˵ɷң
Ȼ֪˵⻰ʣǼѵ侲
⡭
ةԾܾ粱ȵʵؽռҺˣ˵ռأٶǰ̫µģռ汲˰㣬ŶʧŭةɷģҾҪģʲôҪҶܴӦ
ةһʲôҪܴӦ´ϲҪĵ룬ǻߣвòȥˡ
컰˵ĺã֪֪治֪ģ˭֪Ů᲻ǰǣҪδ̫ˣǻͷһ¾
˶ᣬةʩ벻ؽĺˣʧʧսȻ˵˵ռԨԴ񣬻̫֮Ƕˣɷ¹ٲ֮ȷǴ˵ʱ˫ַΣ
粵ͷˡ
˵꣬ãة˷ϲˮģſʵ֪սкҪѯʣ¹ٶʵ档
ةȻĹ٣ǰǴĹ٣ͷһҲϰˣԲδ粺ʲôܵ
֪ΪΣ
⻰ةϲ¶ɫ˵ʵڵģʵ¹Ҳ֪˵Ϊ˾Σ¹ٿԱ֤տе죬ˣ
üͷһ壬ΪҾ֮ǰѯʵĺգǿе֪ĺ֪شڣһ𹴽ᣬɽΪһĹ٣
ʲô
ةֱվҲǰ֮һСĴָŭҲ˵ҼҴΪΣս˵ˣΪҼҴ˶˽ײˣΪλҪ
ֻʵ£ޱ
һʵ£ߣ
ةһǽɷЩҼҴ˵İսʰ
ԣǳ׵Զˡ


271 
Һ´սĽУ󱻻ƺӴΪأ͢ɱ˷ˣ޹֪Σǻ³ĥӴҺܲˣʱ޿̲ˮ֮Уرǽ֮꣬ʣǻ³ֵܾҪƺȫ߳ݣǲΥֻС뿪԰׳͵͵ոݣ޷Ǿϣ׬һЩ̲ȴ³˷׷ɱۿնҪڼУʱ򣬴˺Խͷˡ
ة˵⣬һƺ˶˻а㡣
˺Խͷƾ֮նʮ˿ǰ棬ֻһǮͲ˻³ɵҺسǵŹһ·˳
˵ʲô
ة٩٩̸Ȼû˵꣬ͱһȸˣΪʵսôˣǲǲŰ
˵ŹǺˣһ˫ֱةûͬ׹˱߰㣬
ŹǻƺӴ³ɵĶĿսĪʶˣةְΪһŹָء
Źأ粲ةľ㵣ʵ
ŹȻǻ³ĶĿ޲ʹޣҼҴ壬ɱ˴弣ֻǽ˵ڿ±˰ɡ
Źŵ룬ֻ֪ѣةò⼸棬ǲⷬ˵ʡ
ԣ˼УãһüͷмŹ
ةһЦŹȻˣǳƺѣŵģŽйв٣֪ľسֻһǻ³ĶĿ
ة˵ʵسǵŹԭžԣΪӣһʮʶڼſ˯İ˽ŶһžԱ㱻˳ƺΪŹö֮ԼҲԼŹˣڸһһŹģҲ˳ΪŹ
գҲֻȽת˵¼
ةƨĹֹһ㰡Ѵں¼죬ܵ飬ȴʵʵģºҪյ飬ǲĽֻиã꣬ûбة˵ĸĽ
ǰüȻةڴţҲ綨λ˵ϣеͶԷĳ嶯ֻϧλҹһˡ
µ񣬳ھΣ粵һŷģֻڲ֪ȥ֪๫ˡ
ة𣬵߳ʱÿ˿粳㳯粱ȭˣһʬʮʶ
ԣһüȥ
ƹ˻ſڵİգһ·Ƶһľԣ˿ľƽ߽ڵʬ壬ѾյĿȫǣѱò
ߵʬԣֽʬϵƲϯƿʱ֮ǰ޵ĽζӵĴ̱š
ʮƵʬ壬ۿֺˣһߵʬǰ˵ʼְᶯһ߾ʬ壬Ժ๫ϵÿһϣЩʬϿϤĺۼ
Ҳ֪ʬ屻յĿȫǣûΣ粷ȥʬ壬ջ޷ȷû๫
˰ɣӼ࣬µģȰ˵
ǰӳ˱ˣЩһǶӰ⻰ңͱݺһɣ΢΢һôˣ㰲οУҰοͲУ¼¡
ܿ죬֪ΪʲôˣҲԼġ
ЩƵʬ嶼ҳҪһһ鿴
粵ķԸͷǣ
Զ󣬺߳ǰŭѾĲ˵찡
ȣҲһ˵ͷһĺڡ
ٴε˻⣬ʬ壬Щǽ̼ЩǱյһ룬һЩģɫ࣬ڱǺڻңǱ̸Ѭġ
кѪǶʶεģ鿴ٶȺܿ죬һεʬҪˣʮݲȣȴǲĽʬ屻̧˳һεǰ
ôҲ޷ʬҳΣ߾棬Ҳ޷壬精һҪѰң˿˼ʬϵĳʬͣۿķţš
ɫ˿ʬ﷭ţû취ֻ棬Ȱ˵ǵʬž˲ߣµоҪɱŽ粸Ȱ뿪֯׼Ӧľӡ
Ȱ˵ةҲһһδȰ˵뷢չڣǰݼİѾ˺üˣǻкܶչرǸյϢģҲ׷׸˹ةȰȰڰſİȰˡ
Ƕ֮ܿҪںսˣʱֻҵľةΪô׼֪ͨӸİգٻȥѵ׼
ֱƽة飬Լص°׽װһĵ뿪ã˼ðҩ̺󣬴ӺŽ档
򣬴ˣ
ҡͷһ̾ʱǿʱҲ֪ܺʱѰ

ة̾ϢһʵԽͷأ
Խͷ޴󰭣ֻ϶ദˣ֮ʧѪ࣬޷Ѿιҩո˯ˡ
ȡ
ة̾һƽ׼ں￪ս˵˭ʤã
˭˭Ӯȷ
ҡҡͷֵȻٽַ߱ӵɣ¼ݺҲԼݰղֻǶԴͷ˿ܵ룬ʵǣ˵Ҳգ˵ϻҲûʲôõģóƺ֤֮ˣǣǶ˲찡
治ĻةǰԾȻҲ޳ۣ֪һ£˵ɾһˡ
㲻£ة
ʲô
ЦЦҶˣʲôµģһʤˣһվɣʤˣپҲٴα񣬵ǴǷܹ߳˵£
ةε⣬ʵ˧˭
Ѿ˵ˣؽĺˣ粣ص
ţǴŮڻ³ׯ԰ɻŭ̫ʵ۴ռҵģ粿Ҫ˵ҴӦʲôܽܣˣǺβ
ɣ
Ѿ֪ة˵ʲôˣüͷ㲻о𣿡
ʲôΣةɻʵ
ҹű͵ϮռҾˣ߼ѵͲʲôϵҲ֪һǰǴ䰡ĻʵΪʲôὫɵ֪أǱְ˭˵ףǺߣ˵ѵͲᱻɵҹͽ룬ҿûǲ˵ɣһеȴᣡ
ĻةһҺʱԼסˣ밡ͬʱҲĿ
һָɽһϳɵĵϵү㻹кܳ·Ҫ߰


272 
˵ˣ²İɣ
⻹м٣سӪ䱸ɭϣ฽ӵ綼ȥˡ
Ƕ֮ﰡǻƺӴŸոսսˡ
ɲǰһ˵ǰϣһȺƺӴ൳ҹϮسǣðѺ˸ˣ
ͷ⣬һ·߲̯⣬߰˸ΧһС۷׷ףǲһԶһϣһͷСñ£ʹЩ˵ۺ󣬻һϽ²豭ߵȺ⽹ʵ˵ʲôˣ
ǰ컹ȥݼģΪս⵵£ֻȻȥһСͷˡ
ôģԴŭһѾס֮˵ʵ
㣬ʲô
㻰ֻܻش𣡡ŭ
ղŲ˵˷ŰģھҲ֪
ôܣ߱𡣡
һˮ˿ż׺ݵĿ⣬ҷֻʵµ˵ԽͷɣԼмʮҲ֪ȥ֪
һһƬãȻǺܿ죬зһ˿âƿشӣͷһƥźسǵķȥ
ȣ㲻ܹȥ׼սǰѾ·ˣȻͺһѣ˻Ǻĵһ䣬ǼͷҲûأֻһ
Զ˴֮һĺȹأٽӣɽѹһ򵱹Ī֮վ
غȹأȫأȻҪһ
սפĳ־ƾȥս棬ⲻüʯͷ
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ʵڳ߾һ㲻ѣ˭λʵСΪĳЩԭ򣬶㲻ѧԺˣֻһЩͨһЩϵ׾ٵıôλ


281 ζ
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ʱҡͷʫʣʱ״ü˼⡣
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߾һϲȴɫ褵Դ㲻ᣬıˡ
ʦ˵һһֶҪģãʦȴѧȥᣬδì˰ɣȻѧ˵ʦĲǣǡŴɻ˵š
߾ҡҡͷⱾصʮʱڵͨѧӿҲͿˣܴҲǺõģΨ㲻ͬ仰ǳԻǲҪᣬȥɡ
Ȼ߾ͣɸӹ褵ĺģΥʦĶǾȴԺﲻ֮ȥ
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мأഫ̫꣬޼ǰ࣬ĽݳĽӹʮ꣬ɫ޼Ϊںܳ谮Ľݳʮ꣬һò޼ֳܶռ谮ĹŮȫʧ衣質һƸһۣ˫ϹǶĳΪҡͿȰɣ޼ͰĽݳͳҥ˵˷ͣڰ޼Ϊ˲ͩϢӵʵԣڰֲͩʮȴˡĽݳСзʣĽݳռݰ֮ʱڳΪ޼Ļ
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Ҫ׾ͺˣˣ׼Էɡ
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ķϷ˵⹬͢ϷĹ׵ȷʵ˺ܶ࣬ڹ￴ϷҲһϷ̨ǰһƬңͷӿҪʵܶˣҲڷϻ˼ҿϷлأҪܵǰ棬ðԴסߣôԴҲֻܰˡ
ʺ󹬼ȻûǧˣҲˣ˻ʺŮж٣˵ˣʱҲˣóĴҶ֪ǱϹŮ֮һܿĵó̶ȣһȻĻʺˡ
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Ц˵꣬ѯһЩƽ룬褵ĿʱʱͱϷ̨ŻȻζһЦʻרĵĿϷ


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߾˵꣬󼪰Ѿڷм䣬ָһ͵ص褳ʱʱӻʹ뿪صеҹ㱻ˣº˵֪ʱѾˣԼڷУоƨɻľʹŽ衷衷˵褻ʱѾڳ˯ˣҲ˸ҩڻｫǿ
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鹫´󾪣褿ǱµıҪˣŪȥ󱻱·֣ɴˣ
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һ߲еѪˮ鹫һ۳Ѿȫˣ·ɡ
һ۳µȾѪǹǣһݣͷӦһǣ·
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褵ȷǳҩҩȻǱ鹫˸ϣѾʶģͣκľֹȻŮҪŤ
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ȿڵ˵꣬ͻȻ뵽ʲôŸϥ˿ҩۣ̼ʹ಻ͬ飬üʵˣ𣿡
ţȻ̫ٶȿ죬һǰ񵤸Сιȥˣò˶ãСӽѹ
ιȥͺãȻ֪̫СӳԵʲôҩֻҪԻö񵤶ٶһЩã
ּ䣬ͬߵͷսǴѾһǿյģһϣˣֱһһŮеòͨߴ󣬶ŮȻ磬毺õݻ޷ڸŮӵݣرһ˫۾鶯֮֮
ࡢŴˣˣߵǰȭ˵
ǵĳƺ⳵ˣ󼪺ͳ߾Ƕǿ˽﷢룬֪ʮа˾ѾˣǵĻӦǵһŵģŽ
ˣŴ˸ÿǧǻؼҰɡ߾Ц
ԣͳһƱ˼˷ܵл׷һܿһ뿪ˡ


284 
һʽµķУ̳յҫĿľ󣬵֮ϣ߳۵һ𣬱˴˲࣬ᴭ
һ棬ΪŮӣǾʹشˣ֮һˣһŮӵܵܣ
ΪΥɳȹ֮£ִˣΪѾˣ֮У֪Է˭
ⲻľ׾ޣĿģҲֻһ˶ѣǵʵۣʣ
ʳԵŴһԽܣ̿ˮͻȻŭһѾȻʮ岻׳ꡣ
첽ߵԣָӨ㣬һǲ褵İΰϣԽԽʹ·ڷйһ㣬ǰ۵ΰһƬͨʱ㽫褵巭Ūֻ׾ĳ񣬵һɽҺߣҲ̲ס˴
褸оԼܣ˵ܣһĸоУָһ˿ʶԴԺģǰ͵͵Ÿ׺ʱܣΪʱܣθܣ˿ʹ࣬Ϊܸоһ˷ʶԼ޷壬岻ʹӭ϶ԷˣԽܵߣһͬŮˣŮˣŮ̫ˣΪԼĽ㰡
֪ԼûȫѣһĻ̫ˣ屻ᴩĸодһʶ̵ļ¼
ÿ˵Ĵ褵ĶƱһ㣬ÿοŽ㵴ЦǱһ߳岻ϲ࣬褸Ǹе궼ˣ
ͻȻϵ˴һ褶ʱ͸оһӿڡ
Ҫˣ
ʹŭ뵽ʱϵ˾ȻſԼʼŽ߰׻ԾϢ֮ƺָ״̬ϼһٴԼϡ
˷ʱʱأ֪˶ãֻоȼڻҪԶʱ䣬ʹһУǳ׵Ľˡ
˴Ϣţͽм䣬˫ֱַϸץ󣬵褸еץԽԽʱ˵Ĵ
ߴĹţ˯ţΨ褻ǰ۾ŶϵϽɴʡ
ΪʲôԼ־ʹţ뵽ԼĴ뵽һ䡰һƸһۣ˫ϹĴʣ뵽ԼͬĽݽܣԽԽʹ࣬ǰʹ֮ģɽķŭһָĿȨ
ˣܶˡ
褰е˫ͻȻ͵ͷһȻǲΣ߰׻ߣһʣһĽӨ
һ˲䣬ҿ޳Ϊ¾ʣ費Ҳѹֲסˣ뵽ԼЩٵĴ뵽ֻҪӼſڳ֣㱻ָָ㣬ͻȻſ̣ſϣ˫ıͷſźš
ʧϣĿ㶵ɨһУͻȻ䣬ĿһΪڶ棬һŰϣڷһ¹ǼܣڼƽѽǶıʯڵƹɢӨӨԣЩǵʱı褸ûпЩƺѾе褣ճһϣ⡣
ʶߵ˰ԣùһ
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ĦУһյҫµĽУĿԻãͷ׶ʣͬʱҲĺ䣡
һһ߻̣褽űŭѹŲ׳С飬һڲ룬һȥ󣬾ϼҴʲô褸ûпǹΪѾŭɱε˫ֻۣһȥԼܵõѡ
һ£Ϸĺ⾪ʵɴ۾ȻĻʵۣ󣬿ҲڴӪֹİɱлˣֺ쳣УͻȻϮ˿˲侪ѣ̿;̫ˣߣǰֳ֮ˣ˼ĺ룬÷ȵ褣
󵨣
ʴһҪ𣬿붯ȴоĿһɨȻķӨİ壬ѾѹϣĽǰ˴ȹ覣һֻõĸ첲ϣ¶Цݣ޵ĳѪ硣
Ѫ˶һ룬ѪҪ
ӨһѹʸҪ壬ɶ˶٣׼ٴʹʱѾǰˡ

ŭһһץסУѽİıеķ̶ǿɵ֮褺ŭһǰδеһֱӽʵָնֱֱ࣡

ղһǱŭοޱʹĲҺˡ
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죡ˣ
衷ڸһֱߣ֪ΪʲôһЩ褵￴ϷӦýˣҲŶԣȻмڹ漸죬ǰ褲ʮһ꣬ڹǵʮ꣬Ҫڹҹɾͻᴫˣʵ۵Ҳ˫껪Ĵ˴ڹ衷Ҳ̵ӣպǧҹҲҪ
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衷ȥһϰ£ڣ춯衷һ𣬽ԵĿţŴ򿪺衷סˡ
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ŽͳһԸϸУʱϸﾪֵ˷ոմһŭıǲҽС
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ϸһūѾ߱˳ʮˣЩԺǸûгһҲ֪ղŵʹǷġ
ˣˣūһʮˣʮԺΪµ˶䣬㱻ˣʣЩҪҪΣ
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һĻ£ϸĽͷһ˹
ֻһˣӻ谵г֣ڣʱ˲ſ壬絶信ϧȴһ̸ˣ˿⵶̲ûл˵信˼Ѫ飡һҪζ


285 Ұ
ʲôˣ
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Ǻ֪ܿˣǰ֮˲Ѱˣǻһʮķӣ
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󵨣
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Ľ޲Ȼ˳ٶ磬Բ׽
ɢȥҡһû˵꣬Ѿһţɲʱ䣬ѪɽҺһŵĵڵϡ
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˵꣬еĶϵҹյոʮգۼ䣬һ㣬ʣµĶ׼նɱϸ˵Ľ˿Ǽ˳ֵɱ˽ŵòᣬмץѾߣսǲϲȵǰһҾҪǵ
˸ûдǣ嵽ǰһ£ֱӽһ˴룬ѪˮһüѾ߾ҽС

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˦ֶϵȥѸĴһܵĽϣҽһ嶼û£ѾסϵһŽƨȥ˺ɳȥԶһͷײɽϣءһһѪļɽǣˣҲѾòˡ
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˽еĽնɱһգѾŵĽַ֣衷ţߵǰʩл乫ȡ
һ信һ˰̣һѶϵɱѪԣҲֻһŸ޼ɵɱħˡ
ŻӺݣ˶ûôֻ˳֣һ¡
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Ȼ֪ʲôⲻԡ
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ڶ죬ʱɱϢ㴫ɲ²𶯡
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ʰһǣȫǵİռһ뷨Ǳҳ衷ȡƽ
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뷨һ͵͵һ߾ҵҵΪʴ£ռһϯ֮أֵ߱Ľڣһֵ֮ҪʧˣҲԼˣܿºԹԣʤˣôԼµף
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ؼҺҲ࣬һ֮صϮٻңؼҲ൱ģ뵽ģǱվһսϣȺʱ죬һʣ
˭Ҳû뵽³Ⱑ³⣬ʾȻɱˣ
Ĳǻأĸ̫һһãӰĴ̿ͲֻжΪʲôȴһŮ˸ɱˣֳһվǰɫϰ
ץסеżЦš
Цȡ֮ıǺݶ֪ŵԼѾȥʱ䣬ԼѾٵˣҪӱ޸ϻ֮ǰҪ˻ٻȥ֪ͨڳ͢ĸһҪס棬˭λˣ
оԵģֻҪûлӼλôǻӼλˣëĶ֣


286 ü
͢һӷΪüɣһߴҪӻѡʵۣһҪΪʱ𣬰Ѽλ֮ѹ󣬵λҵ衷Ϊ±𣬱λеûս£˭Ĺߣ˭ʵۡ
͢һףΪڶ󳼶ǸʵģͻȻˣ˲ʧȥĹǣƽӴĻ̫٣Ҳ֪ЩӵΪ˾Σһվһߵģ׷׳ԣҪѹү˵ɡ
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ȻڲΥҵ£ڿ˵űӵĸ̫ԺĵСӡ
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ʸҰѱȨ󣬲췴ǽ˿ر豸ܹעߵģ˵Ǿ仰ܾܿͻᴫʶУȻҪ
ĺֹº裬ݺؼܵϢ˲䣬ȡһϵ׼ֱ˱ʵˣһѹ
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Ϊǿ꣬ˣںҷų̽ԽԽ࣬Ѿѳ͢λ󳼵ļסˣ
˾ͽٲ˵꣬İɴ̿Ͱɣ
ûͬ⣬üһʮضս˷ѪϴӺݣܣҲҪǸϳأƾڵıȡʤ
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˵ɱңɱɸ磡˾ͽٲȻ
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üѾɴ֣ȴ̸ѣӴıȺҪȥʲôѿࣿҲ˵ıܲ˵ùԷԣڻһ뿪ȹǷصס˵֮¡
ھ뿪뻢ѵֵ
񿴵úףڻȥҲûʲôãûҪͽĻӣûӴԸɴʹһϼйһٹ¡
Ȼȥͽӣǻǵķӳǡǡ෴һӵǰ֣رľߣòЩ󳼵ֻ֧֣Ҫõλȫô֮λǴֿɼ
Ǻ߸ӵţס˾УҵǶôôϣӣһʱ䣬ûӺ档
Щ񱶸ͷ󣬿ЩָϲߣҲܴӵϻʵۣԺкùӳ
һ鷳ʱʼ鷳ˣò¶ģҪںϰˣȻûͣ⵽ȻʧأҲ޷ʱǰȥɲǰ취
黹ûȥͷ۵ˡ
°ʦسˣ
˵µģֻлˣʵȻ˻¶»λ⣬ڳҲϣλãԭΪ»ʱû䣬õȨʱǷ׷»ǵõ˱Ȩõ󳼵֧֣ôЩˣȻǲԸ⿴ǻģУЩ˴󳼶µأصǰݺݵı޴һ٣
»ˣܸ


287 ̫ǹ
ĻķɫԽԽ
󽫾Ҫ֧һλ£룡
ԼǣǾ֧˭أҶЩӼҲֻǵͷ䣬ֱǵƢԡü
λģжۣĻ߻ԣλӶҶŹͽ󽫾󽫾ɴһ
ǴӡӺأǶһλֻǿΪξͲǣλӡ
Ϊ˺ȴҰģӺһĸͬԸּΪƣӰ룬ԷҲǼͨѡ˭ʺϣۣһֱȻߣȻָ㣬мֵǣǶ˲õѡ񣡡
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СӹṦĺϣϧСͻķˣҪͷټѿϵףͰһѰɣ
׷һ䣬ʩ⴫һŰ׷߱һٷˣôˣ


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εĹţëһ·ټѵͦˣԶӱʮģǶѹû⡣
ɫ䣬ƺδ⣬ڻ̸粼ֱߵ᷿⣬˶ٺƿ˷š
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ĬȻתһȳһյȥñīֽˡ


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Ϊųؾͳ죬̷䱾ԺԴ˯ߣķʮ죬ڳﹻǰȥУȴ룬һųؾһȺ͵Ϯ
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תȥ̷Ǹų嵽ǰĵ
̷ߵ·ߣҪӺسǴȥȻǣԹ̷ﻹЩˣ̷ʵǲܷŲܣķʯ²ԶֻƫһЩѡ
һ·׷ϣ߼ι䣬˼ʬ壬ʱĺȫǰһȣսˣѶԸˣܵ·ߺƽ̹жصĵط
ʸ󣬵׷ǰ棬㷢һ߾߲˼ʸʬ壬Щʬ嶼ƶУ̷Ӹе벻򵥡
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⻰ɽǿ״һߣΪξͲ̽ȳ
Ϊȳ
㡭
ͺɽҲ㲻ϣȻܴκһͷĿɶ¶ͷһô죿


293 
Ī˵ЦɣҲ˵ҼҽڣҲҪ̽Ҽҽʰɽ
ɽȷûƭˣ治ǾûԶ˴˵ش죬鿴ȷ˶ԷĴɻ󣬲ųҪԷݣݱ䵽ڣܲôˣһֻѹԷһͷ
ɫһȵҼҽٽ׵ͣƾʲôҪһͷ
ƾҼҽͳʮ򣡡ɽ
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Խ˵Խͷ˫й˼ɣ˭ҲԸԼͳ˧¶棬Ϊ˽ֲ£ӽ̸ɳܣɽϾ̫ᣬͷ˵ͣŴαʱһҲƲסȵֵģɸһս˭ʤ˭ҽ¶棡
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̷һ£ųؾʼڳΣӭɽĵһγ档
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һƨһﶼǼӣһˣȻһҲ䲻УǻΪ˵ļıǿȥɣ˻ҪԸأ
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һ͸оһ֣ȫĵĿĻ֮


294 
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˾سǱʮһѻ𣬴Ҹϵˣ治֪˾ʲô
һѻ𣿡ͯ˼⣬һѻȷоעҪõоһҹȻܰ
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ֱ֪Ӳŷ֣ԼһҲ͸๫ǰΪֻһ竣ֺУ£ģЩСģӦ䣬֮Զͻǹʱŷ๫ı治Сɽʮպǳ׵ĸĹˣҲʼʱΪԼӦܿ͸ˣֱڣԽԽͿˣ֪๫ʲôܰ첻ģ
ҪҪ˵𴦲鿴ͯĻ粵˼عͷԶۼɣɽ죬˳ԸȫùͺץϢ
ǣ
ͯת㿪ʼ´
λˣϢһ°ɣЩҪʶλ粿
ةҾܾڣͷȻʵģ¹ٶ˶ʵ档
š
粵ͷ˱Ӫ
ҹȹ⣬һݲݴУʮضУǿǽʱȻվ
ͷһ˵磬ǽɸߣƽ羵Ҫôȥ
ӣˣɱգۣ𾪽г
һ˺ٺһЦڵϣĿ۲һǽͷϵĻ⣬ֱȵŻ߹ȥͻȻһԾ֫צѣسſǽˣ˾ڻ㣬ȥ
⡭
㾪гԵһֱڶŴͣһֱѹ档
ҲûִӡСֹ
ֲǵһˣֵ棬ϲһһէģܲŵ𡣡û
֪ˣԺҲˣ˰ɣ˵Ȿ¿ǽƤƽأҪǸⱾ£ɶĽ
츳ֺȳ˳һأѧʮⱾ죬˵һָֽͷ֧ȫѧͶ̥±ܳһ˫ֺŰɣ
̸䣬ïѾǽϣǽǱߣɨƬ̣һʮ˿Ĭһһץס
ǽı£Ѫƽϰɿݵǽʱʮ˱ȫڳǽϣĴɢ䱸
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295 
ȹؾӪУʮʱɢʱ£ǽͷӶϢܿʮ˵Ŀ⣬ͼһϡ
һ˳ҹɫӰǱһʱȻأ˽ͷӶ䣬ùһ·һ˳ǽǽ⡣
ҹسǱ𴦣ƴɱɫص˼㡣
ɽ
潫Ƹƴɱ޷ٻذһУξ
ˣʲôǵˣҲ˵ûҵս𣡡ٺã˿ҲҪˡ
ǣԷŰƸˡУξЦ
ˣͻΧȥֿǣƴɱȫɱۣ
ǣ
´ԼսţһͻȻ룬ʱóӻңŽʿԽԽ࣬ģߴֿߡ
ˣɽѪ߱ȭ
Ȼ㡣
һǰˣȵ̽
ĳʸ¿̷Ȼ벻ԾǶԷˣĿԼˣȻԷˣ˧ˣҲܼȥ
ŶԷµһ칰֣ĳĳ¶̽ðжᣬ̽
ᣡһٵ֣⻰˵ùȥ𣡡̷ߵ
ҲȫǰɡԷƣɵҲ
ȶֵģǹ˭
̷⻰˵꣬ɽŭӣ¶棬ֻŰ
ŰǰɣҵĶ֣ߵҲŭ
ס죡
ˣ
̷伸ͬ˵㳯̷ʵ̽ӦøʯΪλ˵أ
ԣ̷ľӵȷӦóǴӺس棬ߺᴩسֱʯ£ȴ˱棬Ͳòоɻˡ
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̷Ļɽŭˣһ󣬼ɳֻ̽⸽Ѱ٣ûȥس棬ĴǼٰųؾˣ
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ûҵ㲻ڡȳһɽ̷һȭ̽ڴڶ̽ĪҪ˵˵ļư
µȷΣǴʱڵϹ˭ܱ֤󰡣̷˵Ĺ˼ɣͬģֱڣҲ޷֤Է̷䣬Ǿƾһ̷ȻСˡ
սժͷһʿùѣһһȵ˶档
ûǴǰ̽ڳϼһɣ
ĻڿԽԽӣ̷ȷţԷ󣬵ͬʱ£ߵǰ˧жأ
̷ٰģ˿̵󶨻˴⬣ƫƫ͸ðգժͷߵ֮У㿴Уݵݴݣ˵̷䣬󽫾Ҳûݵӡ

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˺εĻ棬һе䶼鲻
̽ʵʵ˵˰ɣΪʲôĴڴ˵أʵ
ղŲѾ˵ˣ̽ӣǵĽŲġ̷Ľһһʮ˵üͷ
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粴ŮҽӴͳı¼Ϊ֪ƣ󷨿˵УսδʤǽǣϹٵݵսŽǣʱҲҿɺͶʩѹðȻԼұһ˵һǴ󽫾Ҳδܵ£
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ͷڴ󽫾ܾˣôпܣսʤ󽫾İѷ
ǻʲôȥ֧Ԯ󽫾ɣ̷ЩˣɽΪԼʯ¶սɳҲֲ
ɣ
ڰ̷ֵȫͬǰͬģûıǰͲأһһû֧֣Щ൱ʵۣɾȫҪµɫˣµҰѾԽԽˣСȫУ
̷Ȼ뵽СҲʲô񣬵ܱ̬֪ںսûʲôýһлǵȾȻش󽫾˵ɡ
Īˣ̷
ĳ֮Уֻڸȥʯ£ˣ精Ӧʣ޼ʯֲǼ᲻ɴݣȻҪ뷽跨վȽŸվȵģݲõģʱڿԹݵģ˺ȹأûеڶˣ
󿴵úͨ͸Ҫʲô֪ҲʮԼҪʲôȹأ˴صǵռؼΪҪ˺ȣɹ˿أȥ̽ȡ
õȹأͬʱҲԼ׽Ļᣡ
̷֪󲻻⣬Ҳֻܲ³ô󽫾ܾ˵˼ȴ֪һȻͼıȹص뷨⺯ȹһɾȫˣʱìͷȫ׼ʱҲвһҰѹû뵽жȹصͷ
ⲻ֪ѾʼңҲҪ򺯹ȹأŵ粵ĽڣפغȹضѣʱĴˣؽܲȥ𣿲һһܵõȹأбõ
̷飬ȹأ̷Ǹȥʯ¿󽫾粽֣ôʾʯ£󽫾һ֮
һ󲻹¶£׵ˣҲֵ𣬸ʾĿĵء
ͬһʱ䣬سǼðҩУһѣ۾һʱһȳһյĳ˽ѵ˶ӡ
֪ˡ
εͷ׼˴ʯ£
ʲô£֪Ӳ࣬ЩҲˣӵļıȷٷ˶ɹѹأֻ׶ΪʲôԼȻԼˣǻʮɻʱʲô£
֮ǰǵео̽ӣԹةʱôϢео̽ӣ֪ˣ봫ﻰȥҲˣ
˵ţûչͷ˵˼䣬۾ʱ͵ɵĹԲһŵ򳤰


296 
ʲôˣεӰ˷ΣӢ⣬ڹҰģ
ΥҪܾͲһֵˣһݵˣױ¶ģΪҲֻ־ƣĲݵõ֣лʵ뱧
ôҪʵ뱧ǾֻǵĵطͱפأŵֿţѴںȹأһ͢ˬҲް취ʱ죬Իһӣ
ֻ·ĵ·μţֻҪҰĲ;Իȥȹأ粣˼Ծ綾һ㣬ҧһ󣬱ȥﶾͿԲѷɻ֮ʳ
һڣҪҧȻһ˰ҧ˱
֪ƣҲɻΪٳٲ°ĪͯĹͣȻеģǲų󲻼ŵǰʮа˾ҧһڣ֮
ֻû뵽չ֮أݹ粵ĴʹãҲͿһ㣬뾡취ȥȹأ
𾪲ѵĻεͷûһֱɴæפأڴ˱ˣפسǧûдİ³ʮɣٲֵ㹻ϵˣ
󵨵뷨ˣûʧȥǣǵǵųؾβֶʱ乥³ᱻлҲûлʤĻˣ
ųܣ֮ʣ粹ºȹأƾҲزסԼű־л³·Ŀǰԣ˶ΪһʱĻ·ôҪģҪ˶ף˲ܳ䲻⣡
˵⣬ĿȻĵڣֻзһˣ
һȷĴһָһ𣿣
ӼᶨĿ⣬֪ӲڿЦҲͿԽͣΪʲô֮ǰֻóʮ֮һݣʱ򴫴ϢϢһȥ˿ǻͻ˭Ҳұ֤ԼĴûа̽ӡ
ӵͷսԾȫͬˣʱȥͨ籨ţҲˣΪ壬ӻһְ塣
ʯ⣬ӪУ˿Ȼ޷˯ľֱҹᷢʲô룬Ĵٳٲ̷֣Ҳû¶棬ɳȥϢ̽Ҳþδ飬һֶĿʧϵĸо
󽫾˯߽Ӫ˵
µĴ˯Ű̾һ
ͷɫصĵţڵо̽ðǱƺسǵ˸ݣ
ʲôسǾȴ治룡־ŭ
ɱȥʩѹӶģûж٣ֻһʳãо˹룬ҲŲˣֻ¸оɻ󣬾̽ӴϢоҪˣ˵⻰ԼоţָоȻϾԷõһյҲŲ˼죬̷ˣҪȡΨһ;ǽҹս
뵽̷䣬ֵӻƺӵĸʱҲõˣΪʲôĴٳٲ֣󽫾ΰ
˵ļǣоٶȣҪϹֻʱʱȥ̷䴫Ϣ̽ҲˣƷҹܸϵˣȴٳٲ֣ò˰ɡ粻ѡҹս˿ģԷıжʮȥȻܣҲȡ
ӦòᣬһսԪˣûȥλ֣»ܲ³һЩ̽־ɻˣ󽫾ɽ̽Ϊ壬ϲ󽫾˰
γ֪ҰģٳٲҪһһһ䣬ֻ߹ȡһս̷Ͳͬˣ˵ѧûûнյ̷䣬Ҳǿ̷壬ŶرչˣΪβ֣Ͳòɻˣ
£ֻܺ͵оԳ֣ӪկֻҪգʯ±Ȼƣ
Ҳ֪һ㣬ԲûлţͷҲ˯ţկǰȥڵоʱ첿ԡ
һǰһ߳Ӫʣû뿪ԶͻȻһ󣬵ϥ¹򣬱ȭ󽫾ȹʹˣ
ʲô
һһۣͷŴأ
ʹҪ󽫾ſϽżص
˽Ī淢˴£Щǵ˵
ʲôȼʹ˵ɡ
˵꣬ôʹʱһţǰ⣬㱻֪ܼǰǱ۾ϸĿ˿ۣŴӻͳż󽫾š
ʹ
һ䣬һùżǰݸ
żһɫ䣬һԵɻҪѯʣ㽫żݸ㿴
ȫ˺ģҲʩֱùżһʱ͸оԴ˵һ£Ͷ·ˡ
ôܣȥ˺ȹأʧɫ
ҰİһҰİ
ЦһûʲôܵģѾˣõĽڣҪæפغȹأǱܣأ֮⣬ŹҾ˵ΪʲôСӳٳٲԭ˼
ҪӦ˵ȹס󣿻ǳغȹأȻԼע⣬볷غȹأʱԼ󣬳ҲԼĺôòǶš
أǼǻغȣʵ
¾ãȻоݺĿգӦڹ֮Ƕڴ˼䣬󽫾Сϻغȹأס󣡡
ţҲıϣǲܷŹֻҵĵʳˣСֲòʴˣһغȹأҼִ֣Σ
⻰˷ܵ˼㣬ʱѾǽƣˣҪắȺú˯һ񿪿ˣֻܾܱȭһ

ʱһӪկǰʯϵĵожˣ
ʱ򰡣
һȥȣС󰡣
ף
񣬱ҷֿһӪկǰִ֣һغȹס󣬵֪ԼѾһһյĶУ


297 
ĸ죬ʱĺأǰδе֣ۣ̽Ӱ˷׵㣬ҪҪɱʵ򱳺Ǹ裬֮սЩˡ
֪٣ͳҲģ˿õķʽǽװǰװǰܲסоװӣоˣٻоɱߵͲƽĵ·Ǹĵﺯȹء
ͬһʱ䣬ض⣬̷ҲڲоٶȣӴ˵صʯ£·ѾԼɼʯµķȼл⡣
뺯ȹ֮䣬򶫣֮ϣï״üϢһҹҶۣïѪŸۣԴӰ󣬶ʱѪٻأȥУлʱֿӱ޵ïƵȹأǵȹʱѾˣïһŵӪʱֵı⼸տѰҩѾï۵òˣֻҪһϢĻŹΪҪ취ȹ֮ǰ˵Ұ
˿̵ʯ£һװһȫ䱸
˴˿̣粲òţ๫ļıȷ̷סˣȻ֪ʲô취һѻǰ򵥣ȻǰŹ
ةѾסˣӪҪķѵʱ仹һδֱ֪ƺȹˣﵽȹأʱʱȻٶҪͨĲУʱҲȫˣչǺϮһòºȹأǧԱҪо߽ˡ
озҾһԷȫ䱸һֻӲˣ콭ߵص
½ʿȻܱͨȣھӲ̣ҲֻӲͷƤˣһԵͯ
粳ĬĿֱֱŶԷӪϸϸ۲ԷĲѰ˼ڹеҪӪʱȻһ
սִⷨоӰ
ʲô
ͯ콭ԶǴһһۣ󶼿粣ͬǽס𣿡
о̣˲Ϣ䣬ó֮
ȻҲЩţʲôʱ̣Ϊ˧;ܱ¶Ĳȡ
Ϣոմ粵˸һ̽һˣ˲Ǵ򸮰
μˣģĿǰֻл֪ȫ̼ƻ粵ľ֪µ޼Ҫ粺鷳ͬȻһ֪һδӵоӪһ·ɱ¼͵Ѿ׵ӡЩʿУһ·ûܵ
Ҳӿˣ˵ٷˣϿ쳷ˣ
ˣ
Զһզ°ù㣬ڽг˵Ҳ㣬˧λãˣɴֱøɡ
˵ﻰȻұ¶ɧ󣬱üʵҪʲô
˵Ȼųشڱôһ·ɳͨ裬ٷӦȡأȡ
⻰һЩﲻЦԷҡͷ룬쿪
콭ȻмݣоһϣΪ̫ˣ췽ҹ̷Ҳǰ¶̸ֽ
Цһ콭ŻλС磬Ҳ˵ڱĵоǲųؾǣΣȥһ·ȷǳͨˣȥŶȥųؾڣųأȡųعٲֵݲ룬һ··
콭˵⣬һֵųؾڶʱƴ˴գųصݶԹ֮һųسҪݣҸҶ϶˿̵ųغһճǱ
Ƣܺãٺã˿Ҳһŭ𣬵֮ǰӷԸҪ˵ˣǺǶŭġ
ȻжǰԸǻǶƵò콭ǿ粵ٷˣس׼ݣ㹻ڵĴʮˣ²˳ٰ
ûб⻰ˣݰҪһĴգƽӿ˰գսʱΪ׳ճɣرս겻ϣڣǰǺĺＷɲ˵оеģһʳõݣСط֮ǰܼʳһݣѾллˣݰ
ȷʵһںЩǴ˽ɻƺӴõģȻǸʳûġ
˵ģѶةǵʱ򣬶ͷѾһȥ׼ˡ
ȻˣΪβ˵콭Щŭ
˲ã
㡭
콭ҪŭͯƲԣס콭ŻةصȻʮտɵִأǵѹСɽҪ̽أҵһأ޷Ϯùʱ׷·һ
ǹ򺯹ȹؾͲ·ˣ
һϢд棡
ͯ˵⻰ʱʮˣֻҪе㳣ʶĶ֪ºȹضּܼ죬󣬵оǰɱʱ·һ
λԷģҼҶסо֤λֻΪ³Ұᱻоɱ
ĻˣҲٷģ뵽ʲô˵ʲôʼնվһߣһ򸮰ְ
ʲô
˵콭ԴŭˣͯཫҲƴѹŭ
콭ָŻȵֻҪ˵ݣ콭ֻһǧأ
ʱΪ˧ļһ͵ļǿң粲˵ԼȫȥΣΪ˧ְϣӵݣȻǺ޾µȫ֧Ϊڵ๫Ѿǵʱʶλӵˣ
ĬֱЩ챻һ仰׼ŭſڵã±ˣأ콫ȷ棬ͯЭͳǧһأ

ԶǴ󾪣˭ó콭ռҪѹгں󲹸û˴ֻǧأ̾
Ѿλ׼ɡ˵ɣ㿪ʼ´һϵгȻȫһӳһգȷԸ˽ʿ˵ĵسǣֻһĽʿʱפء
˿ĸ죬кܳʱ䣬Լ˱ҲܳźҹڶԷ޲ʱһ˻˺سǡ
ʯ±棬һƬ߰ƽСȺУ̷ͻȻһ֣ȫֹ
һЩбͷ̷ߣһʯ£ʵ⻹·Ϊξͣ
̷佫Ŀʯ¶ӪկЦ̫Ҵ󽫾ľӪǵƻȻûбƣĵȫǶģͣǧش˵أҴӺԱȥʹ󽫾غϡ
ģĩڴˣõоƺӵĻᣡͱȭ
̷ĵͷ㴫ˤǧųؾ͸ղɽһս˵ʿԼʬƺƵƹʯ£ȥľӪ


298 
еȷžһһֻ복ļ׳һ
жܵѯʳ
ˣһʱ䣬Ӧþܼȹصĵƻˡص
ţУξһĴƵƵȥҪ
ǡ
Ӧŵһǰкһʱ·Ķʮٱǰ
һһʮ·ʮѾ뿪ˣϺʮҲܿ챻ŵǰʱ󣬶ϣ˳㻹һС˯еï
´һ۶Է΢΢᲻صĵ˶֧ˣ»뿪𣿡
˯еïȻɴ۾
˰ɣֵ
ï֪ԷΪ֪ܿΪĲıλȻһ㣬˵棬ïĬԡ
ȻЦЦ
ïȻԼթˣһ˫üң
ң
Цһһҡͷһ߻Ӷȣ˵ܴƤµӡ£µҪɱߣˣҼŭ㣬ΪҵСһ뿪ɣǵļıѾɹˣ
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ţⲻѣҳ뺯ؽ᲻֪ıʼ
ïͷָ侲󣬺ʵΪھӪﲻҴң
ΪΣҲ֪ΪΣ
ģɵĻïɻ󲻽⣬ŶԷֵΪʻΪδ󽫾ҪͷҪƴһǲǰ̽壬һһǰ;ǣ󽫾ƴһսбȨһţҲûǰ;Ҳסˣ
ï֪һ﾿ʲôǣΪһξĻţȫսˣҲԹ齵оͱ¶˲죬δЩļ⣬ûû˰ɡ
ƺï뷨ȷŵԣȡһţݸïŽӣ߰ɡ
ï㶵Ľӹżգգ۾һԷûߡ
ʸ𣿡ï˵
ԣʰɡƽ˫ƽڴϣĿⲻƫеï
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Ӽıȷܸ֪һõģ󣬻̷䣬ʹ󽫾
˵⣬ȣһëһֵϧ̫ˣòɾ̫ĺۼ
ʲôۼïȫӵļıʲôۼģҪ˵ΨһĺۼǾûе֪뺯ؽ
ȥӣЦ
̸ϣֻΪһҳǷ¡
ţ㵹һüҳ
˵꣬ȣ֣һһӣԽ˲١
˭ΪûˣʵһӦöڻڹٲ
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˵ղïڶԷһԼôڣǾԷ֪δҲ̫˰ɡ
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֪شȻݹ黹ˣǺձʵ̫ˣʱڲȫַ꣬ôݲڹٲ֣ģ
ѳݣͨ籨Ÿ֪һ֣粶ݵĲڼһϷӦûתУ
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͸ҿ϶һᷴï֪ʲô񣬵Ҳ֪ʱ򷴣ûʲôô
÷
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ܻ˵ɡ
ӻ֣ʾï뿪ΪȹѾ쵽ˡ
ïһߣóУξãУξϵԣӳУξ˵˼䣬УξӱֱӸ˺ȹء
ʱ򣬹ٵԵĶУïһУξıӰĿͻȻ֫չһ壬è㣬һʯ󼸸Ծѣ˫ȿ缲źȹسȥ
ȫ䱸ĿһգգĿźؽӪʣ˿̳ܻǱʮѪ
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ȻûȴѪĴԣι۲ÿ˵ԺרŰŵģڱѪٺܶΣͻ¼ңʱ侲ľˡ
ȻÿһѪֵΣֵиѪû֮ǰСÿѪѵճΪѪֻʮ֮һѾȥһ룬ʣµˣǱֵܸ׵սѣҲţǻ˭
ֻǣѪһ㲻Լȭߣֵֻ֣׷򸮰ǵʵԸŬҲΪˣҪǻңһ̱עǱ³
˵Ҫϵʱڶֵ֣Ƕסݾߡ˵
⺯ȾӪʿ䲢డΪδ˲Ƕֱӳ𣬶ҾӪøٷɹ°ɻ󲻽
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𣿴˼仰뵽ôࣿЩŵ
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299 ˼
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ѵأСӻΪ죬ûһЩͷԺطȥ书ٸߣ˼һ֮Ҳһˡ

ҡҡͷؿԣֻĶҴڹ⣬ʲôʱ̽ӻ㱨ʱʲôʱڷǽ
롭ϣ
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һ·Ҳһ·ȥʯ£ôֻ·ˣȻԸΪ˻Ϊǰ;òд㡣
ЩѪɱ룬֪ïȴΪѾ֪ˣʵï֮ǰһסˣΪ޽һȥȴǴɰӹһ١


300 
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׼˹ȥн
Ҫ粸нˣȻнޱȸ˵ģ֪ռ޽ٶ汲ѹ£ֻսҲûȥнڲͬȥнʵȥ鿴оʵ
ܿ죬ӪУгһʯʱһ赭д˵˼䣬һ顱Ļǹŵ֮ǰǷƵԵоҲɫǱԴǱӡ
󽫾оҾΧǹ
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£׳ԽԽ٣׳ѡ񣬸ϼѣսʼʮʮƴɱݱһСģսб󣬶Ҫӣ񣬶£
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죬˰죬̷侪ŵ󽫾ĩĵ淢ˣʵ󣬷ڼʱҪϳ
ҵˣ
񳤳һ̾ףյһ̣治Ҵ򰡣Ƿ뿪ǷŻɽʵҲ֤ˣ粵ȷֻͻò롣
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ܣûݣӺζӣ񲻿ŵ
̷ҲǸ˵ˣоѾĿˣѹû뵽Էӡ
ˣĴ·Ƶȥʴ·Χˣ죡
˵꣬սǧʿϳȥ
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о࣬ѣɢۣΧ񼱼´ɢܻǹҹɫĳǹķԴء
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ǹԶ׼ģûװǿսʿУع࣬ٶȽֲʿЩװֻùȥͶԷƴֻǸ
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׷ˣУʮһ
̷عϽԼʸ̽·Ȼȫ࣬ҲˣǵоӰѾȫˡ
һ׷ϣһ룬¶ǰʱ˷ܵļƻºȹʱһϢ粳ˡ
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һԼеֻ֪һţ׺ء
¹ݵĹԱû̽ӵİҲ׺ݵķֲϾ˶ǰ㣬͸һеġ
ɽ
˵꣬ʱ䣬ɽϵǰ
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ԼȥģǺȹض˵̫Ҫˣ˶Ϊ˺ȹҲǷʵɲһˣıһأ
ϣһһ䣬ҪڶҲֻΣ
ɳɽ󻹲ģױдţʹţһڣһӶξٶȡ
ǣ
ʹҵӹż⣬񱼶ȥ
һҹնʱˣʱĺسǣðҩУͯƿ˷š
ͯһμ˿ӡζ·湫ӵģΪƸı䣬ٲãҲӦһǹӵģǵǳ׵Ʒ˴ǰ뷨
ԺڵƤݵգ㲵ɫĺӣﻹһӸ簡ǲԷ򰡡


301 ƻ
ͯ濴ǰķ£һҩ󣬲һǰϥ¹ȭӺݱԶͯ棬ݼ
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ο˿౬ҩ󣬰ڰʾͯʵʲô£
ս㣬ǷҪ뿪ͯ˵˵
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֪ҲвԵ룬֪ʮа˾ǸΣͬģҲһԵ粸࣬ң粴˿̵飬ҲûȨȥֶԷǣⲻܲ⣬ͻֲʥˡ
ֻͯε뿪ˣҲû뿪ðҩ̵Ĵ㣬еĲأֻǷһ¶Էˡ
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һ赲粵ģϿؾڻںӶĴȻΪ³ͻȻӶĴȫֻһС֣һս粵Ĵپ
ǰһ˾粱Ѿеľӣܵ˸ΪصĴˡ
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С⼸죬ѾҪνձ󣬺ο粻ûأ
ǰڿǣڴڻ£Լұȥ
ԼһǱò˵һδʧ㣬ΪֻҪصڿпڵĴڣԱǾûģ˭Ҳûϵ精ȻļĴУ˳ɰǧӡ
ЩӲǾǿǶıˣñڸرΪ򳤡УξͲı
Լѱ䲻ãû붫ȡϵʾ̫ɽʱڹϣͻȻˣһڿˡ
ֻ߲ʱ䣬㹥˺ǣԼҰܱӣ߲Ҫʤ׷Լһ򾡣Ȼȴʱܵ˱Ϣ֪ѾˣҪԮٷˡ
Ǻڹݺǵĵڶ죬߲ŷ׷ԼҵĻᣬἹأӶ
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һҪճ̣һҪɱȥפأֹ粹ȡأʵһԸŮƵÿ಻ԡ
Ÿ׿أظҵס粣أ
֪ľսѾˣһսǷȡʤؼվǷܽ粱⡣
ֻҪ粺Ĵ⣬ʾ뾩׿Эֿճ̣粹أתɵ񣬾˹أҲԷأȥЭճ̹򳤰ô׿ɽؽ磬պҪӴػռسֱǳ˵ˣ
˵Ӱռػٶ꣬δôܹˣΨһһôƿŵģռƳģɽʿŹغͼм䣬ɼռҵؽ죬ƵһҲΪ
ҪǱռأֱպҪιˣֻܵռҶӾˣ
ҪȵʲôʱȻһˣλСʵۣĳһͻȻѪҲһӪռ͵͵ꡱˣֻ£粸ꡱˣ
ֱʱҲѹûָɹܰæȻҵʮﻹӺݵؽ磬ǱʶҲԸ⺺˵Ľɽռˡ
粵ǧʿѾͨصС˵᫣ܵͬģҲ²Ǻ׷ϵʱո̤СܵɽϮǹ
ЩܵشϽ˳ŵ£Ψһܰȫŵİ취ǷŻɽȻⶬյķƣʮа˾Ŷ磬ǵȼˣδյУռˡ
ѵҲ𣡡ʵ޿κΡ
󽫾Ҫʾμˮɰפأ̷
ɣ֮ʣг̻÷ϵѾˣһߣҲδа´Ů
粵ԽԽˣɲȥ߿ԷڣûʾƵģ⻹ͷһ
ѵʹڴ˵أŷƸı䣬Żɽⶬÿ춼ΣԽԽңҪȵ磬ǵ·ѩ
̷Ͼᣬ뷨ֲΪӪЩͬȽԾԵģҪˮ·ƵȥȻУޱȣܱԴǿöɡ
Ҳʵû취̷ֻͳǧ˵ũ񴬣Ҫӻƺнμˮٵ
ǣ̷ҹ̣˺ũʱ֣Ϊ꣬ബֻһֱòϣǺ𣬽ĴֻҲֻܳˣҪҵĴֻϿС
ҪһˣϿڴϿϣμˮ»ƻ˶ˡ


302 ҹȡ
һ潹ѰƵ֮ƣһҲɽʩѹҪıСƴɱһԼüֳˣɽȻʱ³çɵ᲻֪С̡
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ǰأ׷һûеûݣСģɽɵȥͷ
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һ죬С·ڵĻǹû뿪Ϊ˸ϵɻ󣬶Է࣬Ӧȫصʱ̣ΪƫƫҪֵǣѵΪȥǾʤ
Ǹĺ֪شڣȻһڹٲ湻ðҹϮɱøɴ࣬䵽ǰƤɣ
Ѿ֪콵ݵȴ֪Ϣרй¶ģҪףڻţһȥ׽ˣ֪ڱΣͬʱҲǰе๫ôתͷԸȥҲҪļһץ
һȷ沿ڡ顱ĻǹУСӳֻܼפС⡣
⣬վɽ֮Уһͬǧ֣š
ޱǧصѹЩΪŮֳԶtչء
ʳѾɸȫַϣֻܶˣӵҲѾפعŵĻǹͯ
ð͵ӵֻʣˣһӵһǧͦ࣬ǧǹ顱룬ĵӵ֮һɴ˿ɼѾ˵ĵز
Զʸȫ룬֮ÿһʱȥɧһأֱʸľ
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ӨĵսͻȻ䣬һֻץסӨһͷȥ־Ǹ衷

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ͯ꣬
սأÿһĴڣȻٰţȻͷ໧˼ҹûƵãклǴ󻧣¶컧Ƕ˻գ𣬻ҪµһٺµսҲýˣȻĿǰľ֤ǵֻ˵Ρ
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һ˫ѥһ˫ЬͥԺ߹հƣһԺӣһʯϣꡣ
ãЬӵǰһЦ
ԣüһһ촽ͻȻо⻪һƬƲѾҵˣЦһ˵Цã
ǰİ꣬߿˵һһˣ
⻰ǰƺûĶŵЦЦͨ£һμ棬ͷһ⣬벻˾Ȼᰡ
һ֣ʾ£ùһŵݸ꣬һơ
꺬Цͷһ㿪ʼƷոտõ⡣
ȳһ飬ڵһĨմЩɳָϣ˼£ĩɳָϴſ꣬һᣬЦᣬҵȷܰõΪʲôҪأ
걻մ˺ӣεĴͣ¶ҶãΪβ
ˣǹˣ׶ҵļƻҲѰ
⻰㶣Ȼͨã֮ǰ˵滹ͷһ⣬ΪӦúһҰģľ񣬸ǰ㣬Ϊ˭ܼԦ潻̸ŴӶԷϣ˲ŵһ档
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Ժеˣƿ뵱μƲߵ
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˿̵Σǫ飬αװףԷΪҪΪԼΪζԼǶͨһƽȽ
ڶģʵ֤ҲûĴ󽫾ˣҲȡ˾׿ͱؿʣµķ񴿤ͺӶò˶ʱҲΪĽ

˵꣬αǱ볯ģ
һ㵣Цһͷûȷ볯ģ˴˻δ̫ˣ˵ҲӦĳĲŶԣ
Ҳۣ֪ҪȥˣȻ֪ʲô
ҪΪ٣ҪٰƷ֮ϣҪ֪㱾Ĵ󳼣ǰΪڣͶ룬϶ܻصѡ·һǰƽ𣿡
вˣˣҡ
ҪЩģͻȻĻ
һֱӣЩëëģҲ֪Ϊʲôŵ꣬ΪθѹҪǿ
ڽϵĩһƮݵĳ룬Ƭ̣ŵֻҪ˵޷£ôĳ뿪
һ仰ǰαƵǽǣܲܶ£еĲΪĴΣͬǱ˰Χ벻ҪԺˣҪɹţ˫ؼл£ҪȡʤȷףҲҪȺĴ˳Źء
ҪҰʵ㣬Ҫ²ܾģȴģ͹ϵҺʱ˳Źˣ
ԣЦˣǽҴƵãҡͷһЦˣ㻹ƭң
ƭʲôˣɻûƭ
ҪϳޱȣΪ˵أ
˵꣬Ŀһ㶣ƺʲôһˣ
ϣ治֪ϳҵİ취⻰۷ŹŶԷһϴģ
ֱ㶵Ŀ⣬Щܲ˵ƫͷ̾һǱ˸ڲˣΪ˴˱סҵǰ̣͵Ǽɡ
˵꣬Ժ˼һ飬ص˲ެϺ𣡡
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ᣬεˣҲ֣֪ġ
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ǰȷ飬ĳ˵ˣ
ΰ̾ԼȻʺ飬붼дϣƽ˻ֻһ۱ܿ϶
ެս˫Ĵ̫࣬Ѿǻĳޣ꣬ĴսݾެʱȻެȴˣȻͬѰҵȻΪެս̽ӻ㱨ƣսȻǰͽˣެͳһˣܹȡ¸˲˼飬پ֪ԭڱ
һٴΣ뵽˿ǩЭ飬ⶫܣû볯͢ϢԲ֪ެ뽻׻᲻׷ӣԸտʼûⷽȥ˼
Ҫެܡ³ȵأȺ˱פأʵ
˼Ȼ֪ˣֺԡЦ
¾ͽˡ
ʲô
ƺûףգգ۾һ˼Ρ
㲻ҪƷñ𣬺ְô
ˣ㲻ڿЦɣ
ȷƷ٣ƹܵȫһò˵λȷĶ֮գҲǸ߲ʵģЩ⽻ٵҪԣʱȳ͢Ļʵ۶Ҫܲ˵ӶıƣǶǿ⽻ٵıˡ
ȻҲһЩʱʹʹ󳼴ģЩة࣬нҲεʹ
ͨǻʵ۾öµĹԱʹʱգ㲻ԶˣֻҪһȻܳնެϵӺܾʱ䣡
Ĺ챻Ӫ͸·ǰ
ƺĹǣεȻƷԱ볯͢˳ɣȻһܹʤΣֻû˵ӣʣĹλʺˣҶɢ٣̫Ӷģڱ²Ŷ갡鶼ûᣬĶӰλϽ㵱ҲҰɣﳣ̣ѧʿ
õõã˲˵ˣҿһ¡
˵ЩλɢĹ٣޷ʤεģͼıһ֮أҲ֪ǲܵģأµȷҪְرڣʵ޷еùɹˣҪţͱõܰҲֻެ
˵ެȫ룬˺ңôĿһְҲڻˣǻ˵Ȳ˵ܲ˵ެܷ񵽰ȫެһأܲô


307 
سǣðҩ̴Уһװι֣ˣȥˣ
ջǾϺλãȻλӺգʱпɱ֮ǰ;ҲܳԶܷ񶥹ʱ̣ҪԼıˡ
εͷһϮͯװĻ
صĵͷӴ٣ԸΪܷŶںܣǶӾȻ˵һ𣬴û鷢
⻰ûܲζɷϣȷһӣһ·Ѫˮ߹ģïһȻ߹ģ߲Զ
֮Ļ֪ԼС֮Ķʾ֮ˣӿûйûΪΪ˵̫Ҫˣͼı죬һˣҪΣô͸Ҫˣ򲻵˰
ģҲֻлһʶïɺ߲Ŷλ˭
ӣȥӺݣʲôҪСĴȥ𣿡
ûʶΪʲôٳٲȥεѾ˲ˣֻʱЩʱؿڻʹǻӺûģȻ֪ȴʣΪʱƺ˶ĵණ
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μһ䣬ɫ΢΢һٶԣľ䣬һͬ˼ðҩ̡
¿ûлȹ۲˻󣬻صҩ˸ﲻһȥ
αһʣЩӲЦһҡҡͷЩӰɡ
ܻȥʱʱ̶ȥܻȥʱȴ̤һˡ
ع룬ũȥʱҲճʤ׷ռһ룬˵ڵĺҲˣǻȥ·ϲܵȫû뵽ξȻںꡣ
ȷӺӣŮļң֪ܻȥΪĹϵΪڵľƣʺϻصӺݡ
ռ˺ܶӺݵϢ֪Ӻݺ̫ƽ̫ƽëȻĵز
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߹룬β˵ԼףԱ֤˲࣬ϲһ׵ģǻʼң
ʮԼҪʲôҪʲôɲ֪ҰĴ£תƵʵȨϣԪһΪĴȨܲ˱ָָ㣬ôħˣҲԸ⿴ġ
ʵκӴһ£Դϻλ˵Ĺϵȫͬˣܼģ޷ĳɳҲ޷ƿһһѵҪʱ
οûֻǣϴһбһһ䣺£ҧһȱĵϴҲˡ
ҪȫԼȻܼ򵥣ɶҲҪ˳Ȧӣļأ֪ճƺӼûʲôӡ󣬶أλ붫սŴˣ̫ƽˣԼɽҰ
ηԼǵЩԶˣܲܶδ֪ھҪ׼ֱǿЦǳȴһԣ
գһ󣬽źͨ뺽ȥӺǵϵ
ҪռũһֱĸŴ˻зգȥӺݺ󣬱Ӻˣ򸵸һְٰԼȶˣڰѺСȥҸҲˣصУʰңƨƨߵӺݱȥ
Ҳ֪ģһ˻ˮôã˱ͷةۺޱȰҲû˵һͨһ£Ⱥũ̫ƽةıȡһݹְ֤֪ز
һнˣɫҲˣκ¼򵥵ùͣʰö·ŻصϢ
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ʴˣڴ˴죬ΪƸȴó˱յϢ˳Ҳ࣬ԽԽðΪʲôȴᱳأ
˻ɻ󣬼ڼðҩסһҹڶ죬ξȻˬ˳һ˱Щȥˡ
طǣΪĵĻƺ˺üΣ󾭹һδǨƣŵȴһĲܵشһĺӣֱƺӴݲм꣬Ѿǲ֧顣
ȥŬµһطµӰҲ̵ģͻȻҪˣ˵ͻȻЩ᲻ˣ𵱳ǮʱĸоȫͬһӰջһʵУԱߣθϲߡ
Ȼ֪ţβţ֪ԼҪ뿪͸ˡ
װһǣһƥһֱŵСϣ¶аЦݣЦŰŪԼһСָͷƺָߡ
¸һ߳˳Уȥ
˵θоһҲ֣˵ǱԼĶҲԼڣµĹѾˣڴθıݲ£ʵȫȥ佫ΪѪţҲΪȥһй٣߾нͷ֮ģȻ¾ǲԸһҪߡ
βֻ֪԰ˣЦԷǵͬʱҲòһĺӣԣֻһ˵ӹ¼мԵµģһһӵԣ
ΪһŰ
οŸϳ£ͻȻ뵽飬иоЩѣ̫ľګˣ𿴺رʮ綼ˣοأںصĳߣ׵Ӽŵż̤ƽˣѾȴһֱҡͷҲˣΪʲôϱ߶ˣԭɼҵ󣬿һҪõ˻ģζԶ


308 
һֱһʣֻŹˣȴδù𰸣ˡ
ѹȡΪʲôˣ𣬶˰
ʱڻҰ¶޵α˴鷳⼸ղϵС꣬ߵ·ֿƺӣˮλԽԽߣԽԽߣջǱ̶
Ʋͱˣ뿪ɡȰ˵¡
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ڳһ鲼ȣѩƤ££ң£ǣ߳׼úͬʱС
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СضܿǣͻȻֻص˿սĸо
Լĵʷƽһ󲽣β֪δʷᷢı仯ҲȥЩúɣ
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ʲô޷֪ˣֻԼźãǱˡ
˽κСд֮ңң
ڵرΪɭϣȻǿŵģ·صˣҪ·ȫϣǵòյԹ
κ·ֱŶãֵʱο£ȴĿԣȻ䶼Цˡ
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νôҪ˵ʶʵ
Ҳʶʶͯ棬֪ڲڹڣѯʵ
ʶͯ
һΣʵ
ʼ磬һ𣿡
⡭
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⻰˵ˣɫһ鷳ı飬λδһҪ֮ˣû뵽һҡͷλֵܣν·أûʱ䣬Ҫ㵽һԵţ
֪˿װһѩƤ̤ѥòʣ˭Ҳ֪˲򵥰Ҫһؤװ㿴᲻

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ͷһǲ£Ҫûвء
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²֪ԷԼΪγԾ֪Ϊο㶣໥Ƭ̣˫üһѹʿյĿ磬ôĳ谡
磬ƳԣƺŻعĿƵϣϸƬ̣ͻȻ洽ͬŮҾȰ㣬е㣡
ңεЦ
㲻𣡡ŵ
Ϣͨ
㣡
̯˫֣һԵõ˵أ


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һĻʵˣسص·˰նһ㵣Щˡ
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ŶһΪҡءǺǡ
εĿһЩ˼ʵڴ˵أ
ˣұˡ
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˵ز˵ĵطġ˶ǣϽ˵
εͷкһ˱һͬء
֮ڣһأľӪм·ùУҲûдǽӪһֱ·ӪӳıһɵĹԺԺɽ¥֣ܲ˵ޱȡ
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ҲʶҴδһɻ
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˵µȷദ˲ʱգһ·Ǯֱתۼ䣬Ѿȥ˿ꡣ
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СһѾһˣ۾Ĵ߾µĶ϶͵͵һĻǵó߾ĸԺɶɱȥݺڡ
˽úδѯʣ߾ʱʲôΪδˡ
ֻ˵Լˣ͵͵˶ѣûнʵ֪Է
̸߾ʱǼ˷ܣ갡
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κЩ𾪵ԸӣŴ˻ĹѪ
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ϼ˭Ҳû߾˵
ţôܣѵţξȵ
ˣ褴ɱʺ衷ʧˣȥף꽨ɣʵĹ餸ȥᣬϼҽӦҪģ衷ͻȻȣһɹˣδұ㲻֪ˡ߾͵
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κȻ뵽һˣЩоţϾʱˣһүӣүѾˣôƾˣܵǹƥȳ
źɻù˲ͣͺ߾ˮ²ϲȲ裬һԸι࣬ʱſʼѯʳ߾Ϊλﵱı


309 ˼
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һ˵λжߣȨжǲݸǴ޴ֻҪˣŶףرǴˣΪˣ֮ķҲͶˡ
һиɳһҵõµϿɣȫµ֪ŮˣҲˣͬģ߾ҲһŮ˵˼ƺߵһ
ֻǰ߲ͬ߾˱гޣĳѾˣеļҲýˣûĿˣ˵˱б顣
ʲôβ֪ǴеĿƺҪȫЩʶӦòһŭվһеˣʶˣѵ߾ʵĺȫˣ
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Ϊг߾أҲûȥͯ棬Եڶһ磬ҵ߾ǡ
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һͨϴϣԽΡ׳磬ٴΡ룬ҲȲϴͷһߴʵĹӳš
ȸţȸĽֵƽﶼǳ֯ǽȴЩ⣬֪ˣո˵أܵ
ˣˣĶ˿һ뾫ǹκҲܹȸ
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θоɻǣʲôĪڳҲȷ˵ùȥӺȻӺ׸ϾһƥȻȲճˣθҲòɣ¾ƻδҪˣҪر˼Ҵȥô·
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ȳȸϵģ޴սս֮ϣԲĴֺգ׶Ĵ󺺣޴Ĺİײڴϣɲʱ䣬ףȫǡ
ţмһζǶ˵ĴΣǵŲӾ޴ޱȣһС͹߸ռʮʿ¾Խ̻Ի͵ɣһʱ˼㣬Ƶն۾
۾ս佫죬ȻĹ٣޲ǰͷͦأĿбӡ
ƼһĻ۾΢΢һУĿ佫ɨɨȥŵΪһͷһϮϸ׵Ůϡ
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ڵ㣬νӢ۰˫˰
ˣǻգǻѾ޷ֱˡ
һһֱģȻǰʱȴͻȻоӦҲ֪ΪʲôΪһǹֵˣҲ׵棬ָĸоθо侳ȴ޷У˵ֱӵĸңһͬʱҲһʷӣ
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ǡƬ̣϶ζˣһӵŬǹҪȥ
ţͨ˱涼˵
ˣﻰ¾
㲻ͨû
Ŷĵͷһ׵ı顣
αһҲ̹ࡣ
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αȥ粣֮Σû뵽Ǩû뵽Լڼȸϵ̺󣬻Ȼֲ粣Լˡ
ڿջס죬Щвסȥ䡣
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κĿĵй伸죬Լ֪Ҫʲô
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±Ŷվڴ⼸Ҳ״ҪʲôΪҲϲʶһֱûѯʣƵҲ֪˭̸̸ˡ
иӦܲܵʱŮǰ·
Ҳûע⣬΢΢һŮ߹ȥһŮþǰͣˣͣüΪͻȻ˺˰벽±ǼⶼҪյԷˡ
㡭ŮͻȻתһ㵵Ľһˣ

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ǲǣǽгʲôԪ֣иŽлʲôˣѽ벻ˡ
ĶţżһҲ֪νͲźˡ
Ҳüͷ룬ԼʲôԷŮˣǰƺԣǰˮһ·ȥȷȹˣһֱûȥΪѵѪȻ̫࣬ѹͲܼЩûõġ
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˵ЦˣҲֻһɢ٣账鲻࣬Ͼʱ˴һµ̡
˻Ǵ˴뿪Ӻʱæòɿզͱɢأ
ѯʹβ֪ʱǵʱڣܶ޷׵֮Ϊ˲ϲѹͼУǱԼ飬һƣ¹ģĿǰв٣ʴƽ뼫١
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ջؽţҲһۣԷʰ׵ŮǰЦװأ˰죬զûһأ
һƣŮС죬һҪ֡

οʺһѾͷĸˣʵ㸸ĸأιһڴˣ
Ů濴һΣоѩƤĿСͦ˳۵ģǱԼ»Ů޸оʮֿЦͬʱҲЩøУǱ˵ҾҸ׵ġ
Ů˵꣬ӵϼϵһϧҡҡͷϳɵ˵һ䣺ûƭɡ
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ʲôջֵ̨Ǽǣҿ԰ȥʡ
θ˵꣬δŮ޿ڣͻȻһ⣡
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ȻȣκܿͽĿŵ˿Ůϣһòᡭ
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˵ģһڵŮˣڽŮȻûŮӰԵȻһϮɴг£һֻɫµӣӯƮ
ڿŮһǣγסˣ˿ֻðһ仰Ұ


311 ù
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СϿָ
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ҾҪɱļһ
Ů˵ţȭĳԴк
һĻɰ·˸ˣɶ°ͻȻ֮绨ŮӣһͻȻ֮ﵽһ˲ϣŮ˵ĶԻֻУѾĲҪҲͰˣ㲻Ӧڴһɣ˼۾Ű
ͣͣͣͣ
ξ˫ŮӴӲϼûû갡ô߰㡣
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һ·ǣϳѾ˾ۼſڣһЩˮ򸮵ļѾߣһЩףΪ׵ŮһǷżһ磬һǶ겻ķԪ
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β㱻Ԫ⻰Ǻˣ㵵ĿŷԪ⻰±ˣ
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żӢҵҪӺݴ¸ʱżϾ򸮼Σ֮ΪӢҵ£ֻܸǹһλƽڣһļϣɻˡ
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֮βҲ֪żӷ࣬ӦþԼŮСʱһϸʣ˵ԴǱ㽫ηнľ֮˷Ԫǣ񾭹ҽΣӷԴԽԽˡ
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312 Ĵ
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ӷ໳Сŵ˲輸ԣ˫ֳһ
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ӣСּ֣棬սΣ۷ŹĿЦţ˵㲻ǵ֪ǵôòǲȥ׼أ

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ԭµ𣿡

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һŵļ͹ĴŮӹޣЦƽСҲ֣үˣˡ
͸о⻰Ӧô˻ϲϾүδ飬ںò׻ˣӦø˲ǣȻ˭룬Ů⻰󣬻һԭδڼ;㵼䣬˵һ䣺ǾлҪ£ȥ
һ԰գŮȥһϦµĳӰʧڽֵͷ


313 빬
һжŮļ尾ˡ
챻ŮڵϣҪϺСһļսʱȻҪ˯ҷҪ˯м䣬Ūκһư
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һ緹δȥǣһͱ˽үˣ

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һ粺ܿܳΪһõĻƿˣֻҪڹ귭ôƿᡰ統һˤ顣
治֪̫ۣ̫ţΪƾЩܹң粣ⲻ֪һʣ
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֪˸ˣ֪ԼԲŲһС֣ϣףԼвԣ


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ǰҹεֱ۱ŮţƱţֱ۽ʧȥ֪ȴҶ¾ǡ
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323 
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ʾ·һ·շųء°һ·ռںȹϣڵڶչԺȹص̽ơ
ȹؽ⣬Ȼ˵سͬһ򷨼̽ԵĹƣҲʮֲңһҪ侲࣬˫нӴ
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ӣү߳ҩ̣һ۽ͷ߸Ŀջүһתһ˿аЦϡ
ҪԲεȻΪ˲ɣڿջԴһ٣һ󣬻ڳһ飬¥ȥʶһ
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׺ȻӰС໬ڳȴûһ˸ЦԭΪܴҡڵڹĽֵУ·˵ľȴӶ֪ݵĲһˡ
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׺˵ţһţǿСģһʮصĴһߵɣҺɲɵֱμϵһϣһ£׵ֱӾͰθѹſˣһطɳǱģֵ˹Ц
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οЦһٴοףһףҪ·ȥ׺ͻȻһŲ˵ŵ״ϣζٸгͷһƣɻǺ⣿


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ΣֻȽϵĴ׿棬ľԺ󣬻ͷڵϣʰɢҵС
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׺˵ּ꣬̽ҪϮʺˣȻҲʱͻȻվһԾ㿪׺ֺһһתֻһһ̣׺Ȼķ֣Լֱۣ̽գۼͷһѪգۼ䵽˵ϡ

һҽУ׺ͻȻһץסѪӿĶϱۣ첽ˣԶΡ
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ͬʱܴ㶵ľƺŻعͬع·˾УǰҵľֳֵǹΰΧ
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ӥ˵꣬ȴûм۲·ǰĿ⿴˽ֵһľͷһ֡

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һ죬Ȯֻо˫ֻڼ˺ѣ۵һҲֱѹ˵ϣٷɳ
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һɱױĿһ򣬷ʱҲ˹ûѯˣת轣ڣҲѵֱӸױʬϣȡǹͷľҲһԣָͨũװ磬νΡ
ߵ붫ŴָСһϣ˿ϻв·ˣ۶Ŵֵ룬Դβᣬ¶߹հƣһԺ˽ȥ
ҺԺסĿջɻŸ̽Ӿסĵطǵһݵ㣬˿Ѿв˵ȺˣɻĸˣɻˣԼҫѪˡ
һЩˣüʵ϶أ
ɻһЩԣ֪˵˭Ǳ㿪ڵүδأѾȥˡ
ϣû°ɡ
ϢҲֻε˵һ䣬㳯ɻ죬ҪҺܾã򲻵ѣǲʲôεĵطأ
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ʱ򣬶Է֪̽ӵĳѨҲβܣҪųߵ㣬ɽ˺ü󲻻Ӳܣ֪ǵо̽ӵѣôܿΧ˹Ϊ˱ξǻһطΪ
˲ٷϻɻңٴδӺ뿪󣬹˼С߹֣һͥԺ⣬ɻֱŽ棬εҲֻüһ壬˽ȥ
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һͯ꣬ɻֻǵͷһۣûкͯ˵һ䣺
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ҡҡͷ󷸲źͼ֪·ɱֵļһһȷǱˣһεĿ꣬Ӧþˣ

ɻǴʧɫܰɣŶٱ͸ҹ
Ҳһֱ벻ͨ⣬ǼȻˣѵмٲɣǷб󲻾֪ˣ
˵꣬˿ʣüһ壬ֵһأڼȻԸԳҲһ֣֮
һδԣܼ໥Ӽۣ¶һ⣬֪˵һأǲǻû˯ѰҪ˺ɱǸɴֱˣܽѪǣǶƳܵĽܶ࣬ҿֱ¿ǲ֮ˣҪȡͷ­Ҫΰ쵽Ȼֻˣ
˵ĲɣֻЦЦ˵һ䣺׼緹ɣ·ˣ


341 ԼϮ
һҰУһ齹ڵ棬»һ½ڴ£ʶһ۱󣬱սһºȥ
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ľӦþִܵڹأ±Ȼɱפأڹһƣô᧿ΣСĲʱϮڹʱȴûеǵڣΪԼĵ·ʯδ⡭˼
Ī棿󿪿ڵ
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ȻܰɣؾȻȥ˺ȹأʣ־Ҳ֮ڣ˵ˣȻϴαܣԼҲðвУľҲսͬıҲڹߣܹˣ»ҡͷ
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ǳ˺ؼңûб󣿴᲻᣿ҫ˵
ܣԶˮȲ˽𣬿ȻһֱʮֽãһȻ˱ȫԼҪϺҷҸоҲܡ»ٴƷԡ
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342 ٻ
Լҵˣµע½ʣµľȫڻڹʱԼͻȻɱԾıõģȻҲк봮ıĿܣΪˣ᲻֪룬ŶӦ˵Ǽңǳ׵ԼҾˣԼҼôֻЦһֱӻؼˡ
ԼұսϾҪǰˣȻǰΪرɭϣؾҲֻǸһǵͨѣҪػסʱ䲻ԼұȡҲпܵģȻԼõȥ
ĸǽǣԼҸÿһֱۣŤͷߣؾԼ뿪ԼҵĴҪ߽ԥݣһľԾˣټѣ¶˳ǣؽҪסԼң跨Ĵȡʱ䡣
ݴԥݣ·̣Ҫ·̶̣ʱܷ룬Ҳֻ֪ˡ
ȻָԼңôҺβһ֮Ǳ
ٴ⻰»һһȫˣƺȷа뷨ֻǰæǰﵹæ
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ܼ򵥣ԼʵҲɵȫĵİںڵĵ̣ѾҪǸˣһǱҪҵһŵأرǿ˳·ȡ֮һպĸ²ɣƣɹ˿أǶڱصã
⻰»ǻȻ򣬶һԵҫϽ˵ǴҪνԼңĪǰػ
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ݸһЦҺεºܣҪʱصסҲֻǹǼжѣǼİգҪֵԼң׾ٵ룡

һ⻰໥Ļһۣ»üˣһĹԱҲû֤ݵҪټȫ̰նԿԼҰ
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תһ룬βɰԼһ䱿ˣׯֲʲô٣ֻһʮˣֵ£ֵö񽻣ӵѺ󣬶ׯܼƹԥݶҵĲҵ֪ҪһǽͷݣҪһʮ͵ˣһ֣ɱԼûʲôô


343 վӵʱ
ׯεǺȻεһˣһ֮ˡ
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ⶫȶĳĻǹСɣׯ
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˿ɷһ˵ׯεķ²豭Ц
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ܴҲǼ࣬ڶׯ鷿ȴֻһͣҲׯߺټ鷿Ժ⣬ֻʣǶˡ

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ׯͤԷα粿ߺ󣬱ѯ˲ˣŵ֪˵ݣʱεãʲô⽮ʹĶӣڵʱĶׯҲ֮ӰˣˣׯϲύһЩīˮš
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ׯЩ˴ЦһҲʲôȴ˼Լұ̶̼ȻչȵزԼұ˶ǾӢôи˸ˡ
뵽Լұĸˣ뵽Ѫǿе󣬴˵Ƕı©֮ƿԶʮˮһˮԶˣɴ˿ɼ˵ˡ
ƾڿطټ֮ڣȻһЩǿӲֶΣȾӣ©࣬Ҳȴϣֻ΢΢һ󣬻ǾҪ˶һ
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ׯԣֻǿЦһĳ᲻֪Щĳα㾡ȥˣ
һѹְ˵Щˣƽŵ˼㣬һ´ңʩµģͼó͢޷ǿˣҲǴ̼С̼ҵĲ֮ͬˣһЩС̼Ҿ㻻˻ʵۣҲ治ɫļԼ⣬ߣɴֱӷѲƣϣһׯȴ̼ҵС
Ա뷨⣬Ϊ֮УҵȿʱͷԱҲʱѡվˣ
˵⻰ʱׯԿԷĿ⺮âһһݣȴûϱ̬ǿɬݱһ𣿡
ֻҪԼұ֮ǰԱö⡣
ׯûб⻰ſģ˼ԼұϾҪˣ⻰˵û˵
εȷҲûڱƶׯ鷿һ˿ǣһ뿪ǰµ˵ǰźŶҶˣһ뿪һ㱨
ǣ
»ҫ뿪ˣϸϸķԸһЩڵС
ȾƲ룬ׯҲˣûֱӴӦΣǶòͣ˺󣬶ׯƺʲôɰЦһкܼңԸȥøе˶ʵʵţû˭Ҳ뿪
οݲðŲ޹֣ʼûдֻҪҪ̫ˣܱܿˡ


344 ׯľ
һҹ޻ڶһ磬ׯŴ鷿߳һҹ˺ܶ࣬ƺһҲ˺ܶ࣬ԵüΪ㲡
Ϊ´ңׯΪ˱ҵ沨˺ܾãȻټļҵˣֻˮɣҪ̼ңǺ̫ˣ֪˵Ϊս£ʮҵ꣬תۼˮ˰˳ɣʣµĵ̿άƶѡ
ˣҲ˼ĴۣׯһǵأΪִҪʹȥ͸˵ʱһأ⣬ҵ;У˱С
ǰǶͶʣӵ˷֣ӶҲֲ˭ӿǰˣֻʵֵĳ̸⣬ʱ֪˵ؼս£ͻȻɱֱһСݱս̤÷ǡ
һӣ˵ҲùҲ˵һˣΪݺӶ˽ȣӴ˻ϴĸ棬ȥʲô̻֮һӣʵֵİ⣬õҼƹķ֣ĶҲҵľһȢӣ˺Ҳӻͷˡ
ҴһеģǱˣԶׯʮָмٸмҲöȥİɡ
öׯ޷룬Ƕׯ˵ģһһ֧ΣǣֻǴֻǰкĸʲôׯ
ҪǶ㾡ζԿԼұƾƣҲѱסʱԼұ֪ǶڴһǣöҿЧȣ
ҪǲΣȻԼҽǺǶһҡβ͹ȥͽᣬԱǾûģλŹ
ͶԼңôĶǷᱻ¸ˣׯģǱϾˣʱˣǳָ͢˸ʲôҪǸӿôǱҪ̷֮Կ£Ը
Ҫǲ뵽սУǾͲͬˣҲԽˣһԽȥͲˣĳһĳˣʱ£ԼұզΣզΣ̷Ҳͬ飬Цһ˵㶭վˣ
򲻵ѣׯɲ뵽Щ֮УԸǽͷݣڷҡڣҲԸһʱۣϵɽ𺣵ӡ
һڣׯ˹ȥȭδڣʵ𣿡
ׯҡҡͷеͷˣҶҲȨ֮УҲӦش˱ҿɣ
׾ͺãεЦ
ׯȻ˿ԣǴжٰܶԿԼұ
ٲ˵Լұʱڣ޷ֻҪϵµݴ֮ԼұȻҼǸȥȡ
󣿡
ׯһǾһ¡
ôĪǶԱ⻹ûпԼڰ˭𣿡ü
ǲ֪ϸ˵
Ƭ̣Ǹ߶ׯϾ飬Ҳûʲôġ
ׯ֪ľƺ󣬲ɰ̾һưľɲݵĴ᲻ִ񵽴ּģأ᲻ðһũ壿ȥģսʱһͷ
ҲΪпֻһѰŮӣԲЩϣһͳ£»ָƽ䣬һУȻǲˣ粣ӷ࣬׵ĹϹˡ
˿ɷ߱ˣҪҰʲôׯѾͨˣȶɹǰѹزҪϾǶѾˣô죿
ҪˣҪǮԱܸ٣ҾҪ٣
⡭
ׯˣⲻԵԼ·Ҫǲ㾡а°ܺǮһЩԼұĸ߲㣬ϣܸԼұԼܵвģһԼұΪС
⻰ǰƵǽǣҪǸҹǽ׼ǰ˱ֱȡ
ʵǶΪ˻ȡѾѾųʽõˣʣµҲҲҵάƵģԴ󡭡
δȶׯ˵꣬αڰֵ͹ˣ
⻰⣿
׵ģ
ЦˣЦݣׯˣһȻ͵Ƕҵ
죬ׯεȥһ˸ãسǽ조ŷҵһıƼ
ŷҵ֪ǶˣһһıǻϲǿвıͶˣȫΪ٣Ҫسˣ
˶˵İҪطһαЧɾͲͬˣϾжṩľãͬʱĽĸ·ܣϾׯУҲһЩ֮ʿһЩ죬ܹׯľȼãġ
˼ȻԸȻٺòˣΪʲôֱգſأ
ŷҵʮʱѾո¶ͷǣˣԥˣΪߴĳλټʿԿӣΪӵãѺڵֱƳǶ룬ؼգΪʼ屡죬ҲʹͷΪء
ٶŷҵãҲãͬʱҲʵĴȣֱӳΪĽ졣
ʵǸƣҲȲѣҪõˣˣôطʿʮа˾Ŷ˳Ψ׵ļһܵõҵŷԴŷҵΪغµʿǿʮ˳ˣҲиͶ
ֻϧʴҵδɣֹ໹Ͷˣסˣ뿴ƺ󣬲žһߡ
ׯ˿ԵһۣŷҵЦˣұˣϣ԰ٴԲ֮ͦԹҲǿȵ۵ĴȣϧȵһˣøǱɱһգöĳĺµǻ󣬶ԥݰջ㲻Ȼʲô淴֮ģԼұͬˣԼұΪ˺ɫԣãר̰з֮ΪĳأĿϱСóΪﰡĳȰ
ŷҵһüͷ壬ɫмŭݵԱ⵹ڵش˵ӣŷˣ
ʲôţׯֻһʣûʵҲʶʲôֻ֮ǰѯ˽⵽ŷҵΪ˺Ž˵ġ
ŷҵȻ֪Ϊׯ֪Ǳ͵ԼұԭͶ룬ַ룬¶ԱӦɡ
ׯͷŷҵֵʵ⻹ôӵշԼұŮ˵𣬶Ϊ粵òҪȾָδɹ󣬱Ǵŭƭ˺ҪԷУҲ󽫾൱һߣֱȡضȥľ棡
һ⻰ׯ㿴˿Σֻޱ飬ƺĵӣׯգգ۾Ȼè壡Կƴһ֮ǰȫοðӪأ
ׯ֪Ҫ֮ľƿ¸⣬߾һЩȻʱֻҪŲúӶľɲӶֱϿʱ򣬱Χıˣ
ԱС򣬳Щĵƻûȫʱʤһߣ˭Ҳ˵
ɾͲͬˣֻҪסԼұԼұûеõǰȥڴæ֮£·ԣճɵŻ󣬶ʱòݵıʱǲǻܾˣ


345 
ŷҵֶׯʱʱһΣɲԷҲͶʿЩǸһЦѯʵλգ
һ֣ڣǮʿ
ȥǮȻòã˵ĹٻҲǵĿԼ֣ȻܺʹڵĽˡ
Ǯˣ
ŷҵ΢ɻǮˣΪҪƺ붭Ա⽻鲻
ŷҵȻмֻɵģεҲ⣬ЦЦѾܾˣܺͶԱн飬ȫҸĽܣҸǮһˣ붭ԱϵȻӵܣСϲ̣ʹĶ࣬Ҳıݲ£ʡļǿҡ
˽ԼҪŷҵῴӶϹѯʡ
ȻεĽܺŷҵüһ壬һӵܣҲûоܾϾǶԱģһҲöԱæɾѿ
һıŷҵ˵ȫûкΪȨеġ
˵ΣŷҵҲûȤʲôˣֱӺͶׯ
Ϊںָ㣬ׯѾ֪ҪʲôˣȣҪŷҵ׳һ棬ҲԼ̶Ĵܱ߳ǳݣĴθڡ
һӲ̣Ҳпһ־սҪģֻҪݳ㣬ԶԶ㣬ĸǽǣҲֵܵһˡ
̬ûϸϸֻ֣ǺԵһŵ·ʽȥִˣϸ΢ȻˣǷָǡ
ΪǶׯܵģŷҵҲʲô붼㣬ΪƬ̣վȥһЩС¡
СȻСʵҲСˣֻҪľ뿪ʡԼұʱջ¶߹ھŲ֪ˣʱװڳ⡣
ǺξʹΪĳǹܴӣų
Ҳʮַٵģرӻһ·λļǵãԼҲʶһһаŮװΪһĨӰ˽֮ϡ
뵽β뵽Ǹˮ磬ƾˣ
˵ԼҲЩڣϧûʱӲˣ˵ӰĹϵΪݵǵ̫أӰҲ˵ʧһĵλ㲻ˣҲƺҲӱг˼δȶԷ֣һϵ˳ɳξҪ׸
СҲ㵹ù뻹ûУ½ι⡱ӱ̫࣬˶ӪˣϢ˽ҵҹϮ
º󣬶رؽҵֿϣҵʧأĴԶɽϣһٹݡ
֪ЩҲҿǮΪʱյ鱨ˣʱԴҲᣬʮɻ󲻽⣬֪ɱ˼ӰӰȥأ
ԴҲ뵽˿ԶڳʹУ糯񣬸ոս鷿㿴һıӰ
΢΢һתԸ̫ȥκ˶Żü±ʶ
ıӰת¶һųĲɣףòȻ뵱ʹеļӰһ޶ֻ̬ϣȴر
ȥ¼仹û˭ס
һȻǻʵүӰ
һָһЩƽĳȻ㣬ҲҪСһЩ˿Ҷûкý
˻º࣬Ǻ̬Ҳŵ˺ܶࡣ
㶼ΪʵˣЩү
ˣҲһ˵ģϳ򸸡¡һߣÿ£Ӹ죬˵ӺǸ֪¡󣬲ŸҾ񣡡
үԣĿһЦһôһ£ĪҲλע⣡
ҵע⣡Һռұù
үŭЦͷ˵ȷұɷͷ˼⣬Сıҧһڰ
ģѾȫƿ֮УԸֻ׾٣ǱߣеôˣֻҪһƣ±ҵˣ
񾼾Ŀ⣬үһЦӼңȻҰĲ֮˰
Цүɫһ£СҼңʵͻǹҪշ׾١
Ƕأ
Ŀһ˿ԹΪ㲻ڣӱǰѶԽԽˣ㾿ռߣվǱߣ
үԣ˫Ŀһɣȵô˵ģѵ𣡡
΢΢һͷ֪
ܺã
үЦЦ仯֮죬ϲŭ޳̬ԴĦ֪Ǿ仰ڻϲ
ֻҪһƣĴԳֱ룬ݣʱ򣬶Ȼƣ֮ǰҪҵȫ
⡭Щѣü
ʲôѣ㲻˵֮ѵҲҪҲ֣үһЩ
ˣǶʱڣҪ˳׷ɻ𣬶ҪĸɾȷǼ򵥵ܰ쵽ģ⻹ǣ˳Ҫǿˣ飬һֱֳӣȻܲ棬ҪδԶ룬һЩʱգö˱ԼˣҲнˣ
ԼıƾЩҷߣ˼Ʋɣ˰ɣֻҪܺģ˵룬ٴ鴦Ҳ׾ٵģ
һľƬ̣ĿһֵԸ꣡
үͷһЦֶ֪ܼã鴦ҲЩ鷳ֻҪݣұ㻹üֵֻҪݺɶҽӪˣ
ʲô
ԣʧɫӪǻ¡̽Ƕˣ᲻֪
Ҫģ֪
һӰԣǴ˴˼Ƭ̣Ҳղý⡣
ȻĻʵۣҲֻϵģĻʵۻӺǵ¡ȨأڹϣӪô¡Ȼ֪ʱֻҪһ֣Ӱļı㲻ˡ
⻰˵Ӱ֪Ӫ¡̽ӣȴٳٲϰγ⾿дǸأ
ſ˼õүҡҡͷûʼջǲҰȻ㵣¡Ҳþܾλ飬βǰһɱأ
˫һӵɵĹԲһȻɱ⡭δⲻܰɣ
кβܵģˣλ㣬ֻһɵӣһɵӣҲüֵˣֻҪϱңô룬鲻ͳˣ


һүһСñͦҲ뿪鷿񻹳үǷС
Ҳ벻үȻȶƣǲɷϣҪ˼һɣеͷ󻼣Ҳ߽ˣ
ģһ˿֮ɫòֻʮ߰һš


346 Լҵǰ
⡭⣬⡭ˣδһˣָųһޱ˵
ˣɶǰվҪˣպסﰡ
ֻŷҵеһСС򳤣ĵ֣Ҳٸ֮࣬񽫾£ֻΪɵһ⣬԰ߵİա
û뵽һܵ˰ռţ˵ЩûãҳӭУǣҪϰ뿪԰ʴˣܵ˰һһùò˿ը˸һŭ֮£ˣ
ǵľǱƻˣȷԺܷĽ뿪һԹҲ൱ذеˣȻλˣǵĽŷҵ
뼫ֹȻȴɷ˵ֱ
һкҳеǾִУ
ν⣬ܾܣŷҵæбռݣﻹ˵ЩΣֻӦ
ʵҲӵģǲЩԸ뿪ҪԼұĴɱսﻹ˵ǵ
ңһŷӶǽűߣǽȻߴʮɣЩҲгǽ֮һĸ߶ˣߵˣҪȴɱЩݣһ赲ʸǸϳ¥ҲȲѰ
֮ٺˣΪһֳִܣƿȺڰգһֳִ󴸣ʼسһ·ķк
ŴĲǨЧȻԶִıеŴķҲʲôֽˮģԲȻ鷳Ҳѣϰٺһ֣ÿһȥ㹻һ䷿ݺˡ
ˮ֪ܵԼұãǵʱʮֽȣɲð˷ѣ㵽ڣλ˲𷿡
һ죬ϳ⿿ǽķݣˣݱɵĲкضǣԱ֮ǰȷҪõ̫ࡣ
λĽҲʱˮٴսܵϢִˣһΰܱѾ޻֮¹һ죬ԼұҪǰˣ
ɲʱ䣬ȫǷһرڽܹĵִţڽʿæĽͷöҧ
±ٵˣλصׯкȲ󣬱㿪ѯʵ
ׯǰŸջα㵽ˣҲæݵѾˣԭǧˮܱͶӦòˣ
˵ţׯصĿһΣֵֻǣҪףһ±룬Ȼ±Ͼ±սʲô֪ûѵʱ䣬Ҫ˿º˰
᲻֪ҪͳƾҲ輸ĴŸ󣬸ŷҵȰ·ҵĽˡ
±ֻǸҪоƴ±ԱûҵĻȥ֪ͨЭسǣ
ׯͷ˷ģŷ⼸춼æ£Ӧò⣬ʮհҵȣֻǶ棬޷ǲ֪ܰʲô
ܰæˣ
ЦЦ˿԰Ҿղ˿˱˿ڣС԰Ű˼ʸʳģˣһ壬ʿǵʿȻǣΪ˱Щɰİ԰ʲôܸģ
һ⻰ׯһ̾Σ伫һҪŭԼңҪǱԼҹݣôȫǵİգҲˣ
ׯΪ˵ĽǶȿ飬֪һطҪ٣ٲ˿ڣ˵ԽԽãȻطԽԽãһֱǿӲĴ򷨣пܣϣŷҵͶԼңİյ԰
ʵκͶׯ뷨һҪΪϣսЩ̫ƽҲЩˣҲʱβףǲҲ뷨гɼ˼ûпϣûս£԰һӵ̶ˡ
ˣôλʷУǰԾµǻʵѪͽˣֻҪ̣ͺûһһ㣬ʹ಻
Ħһ¹Ŵΰ˵뷨ʵݳﱸˣܶ죿
ֻǸãȻ겻⣬ڳ˴ʮڣҲǵľά֣⼸ʮ˿ڣ֪ж٣άֶãǵȷǺҲ߲ˣܲǶɣԻпҪ֧һһЩֻάʱˣ
ļأѵǾûжڻݣЦʵ
еУֻǴҲ֪ԸЩˣɲǿİǱ˭ûһдɽҪǣʱºǱŪǷǣʱ˿һ֮ˣŷ¾Ҫ꿩
ׯ뿴ĺףҪǰҪź棬򲻵ѣɲϣЩ̵ĲֿˣҪ˰
οɲµˣҲûм˵ֻЦЦ㽫һתŵڳﱸϡ
ʮˮӪ⣬ӽһƬǽ塣
ԼұһͷڣϲޱĿȥˮͷҲصʵ׷𣿡
һݳ죬ò꣬Լұʦ󣬴⻰ҡҡͷ裬ոȥǡ
һ̣жٰգ
˵ţתų꣬Ҫ֪һΣԼȫѹˣǰˣôһжˣ
ɫΪֻǿ˿ķ򣬵ǰҪȡѣڣ̽ӻ㱨̫ŷҵԥݶ˵İ±£նԿҵȣһҪȡ㲻ǰ򵥵ˣҪʱ䣬ȡǲѣֻǴҵûа취˵ʵۣ
Ʊ磬˵ӱҪ˶ãɾסôʦ֮ҪʮþˣֻǱνͣҪҵֱͣȡ
ҡͷҰģҪǵȡӶΪ°ǴӱϾ̫ˣɣΪӪˣȻպҪ췴Ļˣɻ˫ңҲȫûпܵģŪڣһߵľ棬Ҳ˲ˣ
ἰ粣һƺ˿þ࣡
ô˻ǸŮӣ㲻ҪˣҵļıʱҾ˵˼Ʋɣˣϣպʱ˲Ҫ̬źã
ҡͷһЦ˼һӻ䵽˵ʱԼΪˣԺǣճȺҲֲ˭ֻܳ̾޳뵽ĿкȻâһȻһ䣺أ
΢΢һ˵̽ӻ㱨˻ص˳УһʼʱŮ¶棬粳ΪĴԪ˧󣬴˱ӸУ㲻ˣҲףʵﰵֵļıеȻù¶棬زſݹ۾ƣӶƽ֮
˵Ҫɱˣǲˣü
ȷֻҪռһϯ֮غͼıҲǲܵģ
ʦаգ˫һ
Ȼ֮ǰҪôĿλ˼ĺսˣ
һ⻰˲סˣ뵽ˣԼһУʲô壿
ܻ׽𣿡סһ䡣
ֻЦһ˵һ׾Ļ
׽ߣٶռҴδйһ


347 ԶȨ
ͯ³Լұ
ϣ䱸ɭȻһŽʿǹйʱ̴ˮ⣬սԾӺӵ԰ʱ̱󣬾һͷޣƺҪһû
ŷҵԷԼұĴ⸱ƣһݣһӾЩ֪
ŷҵϾΪģȥģǰȻһЩֺúӶԿǰ·ҵͨо̣֮أ
͢Ѿ´һҪסԼұݳĴϹ
ʵµݣĽʿҲս룬ֻҪмͰŷҵˣԼĸȥҲܷġ
ȻԼ̫ͻȻûиκ׼ҪʱŷҵȥھȻʱԶԶ㣬ϾԽһЩա
Һŷҵ̶ͬׯհڳƴеļƣ¶࿴Ҳûؼʱ̣ѡˡ
Ҫô򣿡ŷҵѹֲסĺȻƣͷһμʶ
һԣˮԶƳһۣЦһȴɫô򣡵ȻǱˮڣҵֻҪأĸǽǣһҰ·ӣҲа취£
ŷҵ˿ԶλϽＫӵģˮʧ˼Ҳ򲻹˵
ԶȻ֪ŷҵжǱӣˮĶѾԼұסڲڳԼʸϣĽ죬ڳһ¸صļƣ㣬οسսһЩ档
ԶԵˮλãʧɸ֣Ҳɥʧˣǰһˮ̣ԶΪȻ˻ȨԵڻΪսܲԼܣͷܣҲҿãԼһ·ӵԼ»Գͷ
ŷɷһ˵ԶͻȻɨŷҵһۣ
ŷҵһͷ뿵Զߵ¥ʵкҪ£
Զ΢΢һЦҿŷƺûжס
ŷҵһ˿Цȷ翵ԣֱڱûжĵġ
ԶһȻ˵ı飬һЦˣŷɷأȻҿԶһֱͳ˧ˮо̣һͨͨҪסҶʵѣֻҪŷϷȨ

ŷҵƬ̣δⲻðɣϾԼұҲԿǶԷѾ˿սµоѾӦ֮ߣ
⻰ʵŷҵ˵ģԷһֱҵϽҲΪˮʧ뿵Զ޹أλĴ⣬ԼұóѵģڵԶȷԼұһΣǾĳʤҲҰܵʱΪһٲΪзϲġ
ԶԲһˣɫҲǷϣԽԽ£ŷҵʮ塣
ȻſԶӵʱǸׯڣȻŵã̸ʱ֮á
ڵĿУŷҵ֪Զֻ屧ͷ֮϶ְλҲǿһĹϵ˾ȹ֮ԳΪҵĺˣһ·ĴսС£Ȼʤļ࣬ȻֻҪо֪ƿشֵģʰ
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֪˹Ȼһͳ˲ţȴһʮֺõɵһõЧҲп˫н˵УҲ˼
ԶȻûϵŷҵȻܾЩŭüȵŷҪˣһսغڣڣȻҲ͡
⻰Զû˵ȥ˼ѾˣҪŷҵģɲһǳصĴͬʱҲһⵣжأԲ˵ˣŷҵһ
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һԶѣŷҵ뵽Ρ
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ŷҵȥܿ㵽һĳ¥£ѰҵΣԶ˵Ļԭⲻĸ֪κһεʵ֪ҪСĴ˶Ȩû뵽ˣӦǺð
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ҲʲôãȻԶս˼룬ͳԶܼģԼұͶ룬ô粵ˮ·Ӻ󣬿¾ҪȫˣսǿУֻǻЩ©ҵֻҪ²ԣӶҳ©ɣ
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ŷҵͷ⵹θӵ࿴ˣ˲Ƿγ˫ĽԣҲĦ
ŷҵ֪Ҳֻü˶ѣպã⼸˶ĿԶоѾϸϸоһӣرˣòСġ
ǺεΪĻ־Ǹ˲ţıԼҲܿüƵȻӼѪе֪ʵ󣬲֪Ĳ
ȻҲܲλûǿţ㽫һ˸ˣǷУ˭֪
ǣһ֪λǱ˭С˭Ҳ߿Ľ˼һս
Ҫ֪ҪģɲҪסͬʱҲҪ֮ΨܾˣӶ롣
һ򵥣Ҫִʮˣһ㶼˾٣ܿճһøǿʢ
Ǵʤ󣬱ӵڻңʱ군ĺܱܿ룬ͬʤԼҵ׽ϣɨ࣬շıڻͬСӡ
ŷҵһԲߣæԼˣŷҵȥ˿ԶȨ٣ÿԶ˷쳣ظı֤һס
ʱסˣںŶ԰Լұɳһ׵Сֳֳììֱ¥ȵ˺ԼԺ븴ͶƳ֮գ֪ɥ֮ʱ


348 
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Щ濵Զһ·ӵĲбܽʿǵԲﻹԷְСĻԺ븴ˣӵĲ֮ˡ
Ժ븴ԼұˣȻԼұǼݵĴ̣ԼУ¸иҵģУҲȭǹļһԺ븴һеٮٮߡ
ˮԼҽ죬Ȼ佫Ժ븴սΣգ֤Ǿ仰ȭ׳濵Զ佫ҲʮͷˣȻȫʢʱڵıԵȻƴûغϣͱԺ븴һìˡ
һȺûõķ˼ɥʧˣߣ
ԶһϲɫĿŷҵˡ
ŷҵȻһգĲ½ǣҲǰԿӵֺúֶȻ㣬Զһʮҵ걧ȭĩԸһս
ǰ佫֣þʿʤˣʿ񣬰ˣʿ죬ԲҪС佫ǰ֣ܰѿСһʿ㣬ӶʵҲпܰѱʤȯյĴ׵ıɥʧ־ʵɣЩ־Է佫ģŵƨͷܡ
λаգԶЩᣬģȻҲСӼ֣ԷѣȻҪؿǣˣʿɾȫûˣ
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Ҳ£һ˱ֱںϽ
ı쳹⣬ǹìòɿһĻԶǵͷЦŷԱСʵǲ
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ǣڿԶĴ˼ûãŷҵҲҪʱͻȻһҽУ˶³⣬ֻ֪ôţ꾹ȻԺ븴һìսԼߵսһŸ̤ԴǼΪҰ
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ͻȻԺ븴Ҫֱȡţŵͬپתͷֻʶӡ

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¥ϣԶҲǾŭӣ𱸵ĿһŷҵŭݣҪߵĻҲû˵
Ըǻӣֶ𣡡
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Զҡҡͷŷиʲôʧ˭ִ֣⿿һˣ
ԶĻˣһ·ܵİܾȻĴΨƿŷҵçļһſסʿɲϣŷҵȥ
ŷҵԣκȻվУһĻпЦһŷҵ䣬ԼǣŷǳסȥӦսɡ
ǳʵҵ֮УѾκˣҪ˵вģ¾Ǿˣҽ̵ģսϣ˭ϣŷҵЦ
ѹưԭȦ̫С
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ȻˣȻҵĻȥһ԰ɡЦ
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İɣȻְĻʵһ㣬ҪʤԺ븴Ҳǲѣǻģɵսܺ󱨳Σ
⻰ŷҵüһ壬Щ⣬Ҳй֮ˣƺ˱СˣδܾһԵĿԶĿɨˣȻһˣһҲֻҪһʤˣǱ㹻ˣ
ʵԶǿµ˲ǴԺ븴˼Ժ븴ҲܵеùսֻҪľսҪ䣬ԼʿҲһЩˣԶ˴һͷβΪ壬ƼǵĴ󽫳ŵƨҲɽʿһա
ŷҵѾȨԶȻþܾһ󣬵ͷðɣĻսףӭС
裬ȥȥͻأ
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أӮСҲýʲôʵ֤ɡ
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һ̣ͻȻһ˻Ժ븴ս㣬֫ұ̤ϵԺ븴ܲǿҵĵֱӴսˤ䣬ͬʱһǹβ㣬ݺݳϣԺ븴սת壬ҵľ̤£̤˸ո׹սԺ븴ϣȵѪֹǲҵ˼㡣


349 ֮
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ĿĿһԺ븴ȻͬԣǰܻһңȻ¸û˿ǸΣԭֻΪԼұˣ
ƽٹʲôֻĬĬĸڴң˵ӰӵĵزⲢʲô֪ʲô룬Ҳ˼ܶ顣
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ֻǽЩı䣬ʱϾ̫̣Լ˸ٹ̵ĸûбƷԺ븴˾ˣֻҪǻ˳սԷ½սܼɡ
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ܱ˶ٶŪһ㶣ΪнưͷǱԱˣ

εͷǸϣҲҪߡ
ԭˣλֵܻЩҲͲˡŷҵ˵
Ȼµȷǲɶõĸ֣飬û˻ϲҲѹΪʲôֻһˡ
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Ȼᷴԣһ𣬼ַս
ڶ죬ԼұȻˣһûн󣬶һȡСģĹƣÿԶҲֻʮ׵İ취ӭУȻõо٣ԼҲǼΪٵġ
ȻΧǿԶʱգݸĳҲ·̰ˣʱԼұǱǰΧˣ
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ȻԼұûƺ̡
ԼұϾֻһȺҰ·ӣΪ塣ǿԶĻȻܸԼұֱڣƺûаѶԷ
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350 һ
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˵꣬㽫ĽһһʮŵȻֻһҰߣǽ´ҺĪԼұʵȴڰ߲ţ֪Ȼܶˡ
ĩԼʱŵüͷһֱ嵽ڣ˵գһ˵ȷĲˣѹҸоԼҸûҪ룬жһЩ飬ȴû뵽ɫͷһѵ
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ŵһۣƬ̣ƺ׹ЦһǲԼұܾˣҲŹ
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ŵ⻰ֻǵȻһЦİɣԼұһ㳲Ȼᱻ߲ƽọ̇̄Լұûлͷ·ˣ֮ǰֻҪڶչ¶ŻӱҪ£ʱֻҪ붫룬ԥݣôҪϼˣ
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ŵû뵽Ѿһıˣ͵ͷӦһҲǸѼϼܣ·ˡ


Ȼ֪Լ⣬ʵڵذҲ뵽Ҳ뵽У֪ϵı룬ڵԣҲûʲôû֣֮ԶˮȲ˽
Լұǰĵ죬ûдٹǣӦܵ˵ϢҲѹûһ̽ӳ֣Ī±ԼҵʶƣðŹԭ
ڣԶˣ⾹Ƕһˣ
˾٣ЩͷԣǲӦóųʾ뿪취ոΪڹϣҲ˻ˮأ
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ԼҴ֮ǰ̽ܵˣ֪ݺ㣬ӦòЩץİսͺףԭǳûݣֻǰտûˡ
ҲǣЩն뿪԰Ӧúܿս£û뵽һϱʮ죬ҲüûٵİҪλȥ
ֹһҹӳǵİԽԽˣѾǧˣһ£ԼҾˣԶҲյϢѯʳǷĿΪиȻð͵ȥ
µע⡣Զǰ
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Ҫü»ǣ񣬼»Ҳҹ͵͵뿪ˣ㱻׽ã˶˵£ԼҲһʣܹϾҲǧĿҪֻزܷԼҵǳˡ
Լûиûж֧ǵİգҪվסŸͱҪգαǿһ㣬Ҳҵա
һս֪Ҫϵʲôʱ򣬳û٣ð뿪ɼٿܱܲΧãǾ͹ذնðɡ
⻰Զصĵͷǽһסˣϱ͢ӹٽ
±лˣЦƤЦ˵


351 
һϣ֣Ϊ֣ϵ˲ȼѡ
ˣԶƺӭˣ㲻ȥֹҫ˵
Ŷ֪ˡޱ
ԼұΧǰ£ʼûһδٽƺϵʱ򣬲ŻʩչǿӲֶˡ
ԶȻԴУҹϮо󷽵ԼˣΣԼұ˾
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ţͻȻһİԹ΢΢һĿֱһ
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ѾǺܶˣױȽӣ١
δҲ̫ˣʮʳõġ
ҪҪҪˣӻ㡣ƹƺͷߵ
ҪˡŮȻǲ뽫һС׷ŻȥϽ˺һƹһǷתͷһ£ŮӶʱһ
ͬʱҲǴ˴һʱ侹Ȼԭء
ˣôˣҫ˵ţĿŴ˵ߣǰһ㿴һͥľŮӡ
һ£ҫҲǴ㶵ǼˣĲ˵Ǵ˵ĸУԲ˵ˣҲСұƯ˶зԪȣ֮ܶ߳һǸƯ
Ȼ˿̼ŮӣȴһòǸŮûееϣϸϸü£һ˫ˮ̶·ǿ䱾ԵһеĲУ˿ۼ
ߺⲻ𣡡
ͻȻ̵ƹһ׵ľˣ΢һȻƹһЦ֮䣬㿴ǸŮӳһɫæļȥˣԴֻɫƽһۣû׷ȥʲô
ƹӣ׼ˣתͷƹʵ
⡭
ƹǸһЦǶҵע⣬СһȵģɲҶ
Ƕңʱ֣ʡĻպҲüˡ
ⷬСĶת涫ҵġƹӱϥ
š
εͷҫֱ뿪
ҫſǿǸŮӣһգգĿ˴˺ܾðɫæӣȻҪʲôˣ˭ҫ϶Ůʶˡ
ղšҫ̲סʵ
֪ĹϵͷҲصĵʵ
Ǻǣ˵룬СҴҫ˼˵
ҲûʲôֻҴҰʼնһӣ¶ܲջ󣬱ɴ಻ȥҲ֪ʲôʱ򣬷ǵһɧˡ
ҡͷһЦ˼ֵʵҲͦģĸ磬ССͱ¥տɫòˣòһ˺ȴãҽ³˵ҵĳˣ

ҫһǴ󾪣εЩ⣬֪
ȻˣȻСûлʹȥܣҲ»ǿ˵һЩ¥ŮдгģСʵ벻ˡ
Ŷҵ˻ˡ
˶ǶԳ㰡
ֲıҸóԵÿҲˣǲ֪ȥǰǵĳ̬˷Ż
ҫˣȻûǿŮӵϣܻϵ˷Żֻ̬˵Ǵ˵٩ˡ
ʵλûʲô᲻ģ֮ԿŮʱᷢûϵصأ仹޷ڸ侪޵ݣʲôϵأ
ͶˣߵͷͷһУ߳һȵӰ֮ǰζݷ١
߬״գݷƺ¶ʲôģߵֶƹѯʲôƹӼΪҪ׵ģĻ󣬵һҡͷһЦ˼䣬㿴ŴŮתæȥˡ
ĪǣѾͷƹЦЦڰֻص
һСͥԺһ飬ĿתĿţ⻹󣬵ķ鼮һǴԽ˽ڶΪ˻ƵͼڱǵΡ
ⱾУصıζԴȻһϲͨƾϱӵҪҲѡ
βʺéӣֻ뿴ñİ취Ҫιȡλ˼Ӷ֪ԼҪ£ҪȰƽ֮ߡ
УصĹǷܶ࣬ǽ߱ģӦΧǶӲлǺûлǺӵģҪòͬĹƣǰ׼ɳӣ߿ڵصȵȡ
ˣ
ͻȻ䣬ҫ˽
ʲôĪǵоˣξ㵵
ĳˣ
ʲô˭θˣҾȻҵԼһһʮа˾ŶԷˡ
˽ӣҫһЦʲôǽ翴ǸŮӣ

㶣ûʵʲô
С֪ҪҪ
һͷɡ
ǣ
ҫ˷ܵתȥһһױݣͥľŮӣһҫ˽ݷ١
ʯϣûֻǰڰҫ£ſݷ˵ݷʱصģ
˰ɡݷɫȻƺûо㱻ɢˡ
Ŷ
εӦһĿɨһݷеĴɻǡ
ǻ˵Ķݷ˵ţǰߵʯԣ棬򿪣ʱһƤ㸡ǰʱ˼ص˴ӹܸϻŹǰһϵС
ѩƤǴӷ˿ܵĳѨŪģţһűδȥ󣬱ԪƳƤ£һţǵֱǰλ˶˽и˳ȳ˺󣬱㲻֪ˡ
û뵽ʱ꣬ξȻܼ
Ű׶Բˣβֱˡ
ⲢūҵĶȻҪ˵ġ
ݷҡͷ˵ţ˺󼸲ǰɴ΢һǷȻ˴ˣūҲӦøˡ
Ŷ
ƺ㶣ŻعͷӦһкҫͿͺ󣬿ŴŮȵıӰнԶŽĿŵѩƤϣɫϲޱƺ⣬Ժȴ˼ŮҪʲôĪ󰲲̽ӣ
ʼûеݷ٣Ϊûлصߣǻصǣ
Ϊ֪ˣӦҲпǲһģ


352 ޷Ԥ
ŷҵվڳ¥ϣҴҵΣһüԶȥ͵ϮԼҺ󷽵ˣοܰҪôƵأ
β⣬˵˿ԶҪĿǰܹʤεģΨŷҵˣȥ˭ȥ
ûϵȥҲ¡
ʲôǺ⣿ŷҵ㵵
û˼ϣŷӦ´£ǡ
˵ţɨһ۳⣬˵Ǻ󣬲ɲʽǵȵоȹвҲԳŵоʱƵ󷽹Լˣ
ҪǴǣоȻ֪ܻġ
ЦЦŷҵһýս¼ȥ𣡡
⡭
ŷҵһƺŻȻ򣬾ҪȥǣƵоǲӶȺĵ
û
εͷ͵Է˽ɱһǧ˰٣㹥Ҳ޷ȥȡˣʴˣǵֽűȫʩչԲ򲻵ѣǾҾʿʱѡǿģʱнǣǣƵоһǴͷôٻسǣ򲻿оӲ
˿Զн𣡡ŷҵҲɵϣ֪Զ͵Ϯо󷽣ǻһ˼
˼ҶɱſˣԶýô˵ҲǶԵģ
ŷҵһͨɲһЦǰѿԶ˴ıȨļһˡ
Զȷûлŷҵ˼ŷҵԵļһϲΪ£أ֮ǣҲ뿴ûпɳֻ֮ŷҵ⣬ѯƽ֮ߡ
ŷҵǧʿųǡ
һ̣Լұʿ߿£ƺûиŷҵͻϮĻᡣ
¥ϵĿԶ˾ҡҡͷоȻʱ̽䱸ûа˿иҶжҾоÿԶȫ벻μ˵оѵҪص
ھĵطʿĴҲƺҲ῿
־Ľ£˭ҲûиðȻֵ˼
ʱĵģǴˣӵأȻܺģҲǿǿȻ٣Ҳ٣˰ȶĲ࣬ͬܺģΨǺĲȥˣͬģԼұҲߵͷˡ
ԼҾӪɫһţݸɣһȲȥˣҪǼȥ
ӹżɨ˼ۺüҪһٹңӶոĽбֻܽһԼܵõʲô
ǣǲӦǿɶסڸ·ѹ
ԼұȻȱ˺ǻʲôԷƴΨбУռһϯ֮أһϯ֮ضû£Ҫȥ˼ˣ
ô죬ʦһ취
Ŀ˼֮󣬲˵Ϊ֮·ҪԼǿȥǰһϯ֮أȴȥˣҵ󵯾ҲҪ·ܣʱԼұҲߣȥҲòȥ᳹Ϊĳӣ뵱ȫͬ
˵⣬һɬı飬ҡͷһֵ̾һ֣ʵк·
Ŷʦ˵
ǰߵĺ·ǹ붫޺ã϶Ը𣬶ǣƣߣֱκλᣬڹڹغѾսˣǱշ
ʦҪҳ
ǰʱѾһ˿ϣ漸䣬ǳ׵ˡ
ʣɴûһֱһǿͱ統ԼԼұȥͶ룬Ϊһʱԣ뽻񣬱֧ŵ죬Ȼǣ㣬⻰Ȼ뵽ԼӦʱʲôˣ
û´ң𣬴ӵȻʸһ£Ȼ
ǣп𣿡
кβܣ
ˣɫƺȫûΣĿ⾼
ֻ֪һʱ̰Ż棬˵ļıƣûϵߣȻһһҹҲûںѾΪ֣ûֻҪںǲҲֻǸˡ
ҪԼҪҪ
ƺûд֮ǰĻлعɳճյ
Ӣʱƣ˾ҪξϣҲ档
ԼҶо֮ȻЩҲûҪ뿪ԼҵĴ㣬¶һֻһЩ飬ǰźš
ճյãֱʱ֣Ȼ˫Ŀһ˿ᶨ
Ŀ⣬һݣˣ
ţҪ
ԤϣԼұΧǶʮֻСģ̽ԹȻתǹͷֱȥˡ
ԼұĴһ뿪Զŷҵһȴû룬üͷ
Լҵľٶȷ⣬ǾȥǸ£պ̸ʸ¶ûˣΪҪ
ǣԼҪȡһŰ߿ʵ벻ǵľٶΪʲô
ҪɾͲˣԼȻ󽻶Ը⿴ģ֪ԼҲɵû뵽󽻶󣬴Ľʲô
ǺпǱͬʱʩѹƾԼεֵ
˲ǵľٶʮа˾žԻҡͷƫƫˣȻ̰ʲô룿ǾݺؼңߣııȫɣӶԿ룬ڳжǣƣһҪξϣҲкܶ಻Ԥϵ
Դˣ
θоԸԼ˳˳޷Ԥϵġ


353 ·ͻȻ
´УԶµĻ㱨üͷɫ
λԼҾȻȥˣҾݱǧల嵽о̽ӻ㱨ȻӪиߺԼҪˣ˴Բ֮ҵСΪŷȥȫ׼ұֶ·һʿ׷ԼұǣһһԷ⣡
ĩŷҵվȭ
ţ
Զŷҵͷ㽫Ŀ⿴Σʵɷ㻤һã
һоԶ˾ȻҲǣжһһʱ̱ǣƵо޷ȫʩչҪһĽͳ˧ҲͰˣԶϾ𣿿ˮ½սȻҪѷһƽԭҲ¶ԷҪھܾˣڣԷȻµע⣬Щá
¡
θտڣԶüͷһ壬ƥ⻰˵ģ
ոġ
ﰵһ⻰˵յģǰæسǽʿṩû뵽ڱԶԼ
ðɣȻܿǻҲˡƤЦⲻЦ˵š
ܺãôһǣƵоɣ
һ飬ֱһʱճ߳㿴ſڵȺʱǰ˵ԶָҪȥǣԼңҪŷҵسǣһȥ󣬿ҪСЩֻҪһз紵ݶϻһ֮ˡ
ʵѾˣ˿һ˵ͷӦ´¡
㵹ǴӦˬ죬ʲôõģ˵Ц
˶ˣֻҲڣ˿ҪСİ·
ģȻղ㣬ͨ̿ҲһëڵҲֵɴ̿ɱ
ڶ죬Զһʿ뿪ǣŷҵͳ˧ǧԼҼȻˣŷҵǣѱգ˵ͱθˡ
оȻԶΪ˷ֹڸǶռ죬Ӷɳ̣Ĵ͹
ŷҵԽԽŷˣȻû飬ׯһЩִ¡
ھԶһ̲ԣͣϰҷĴֻЩֻСľ񴬣սǰϵĻ¥
ͨֻһѷĶȴǧ֮ࡣ
ô죿Ҳûпǣ;ʦĲ²г·һҷսʮͨεĺΧһȦһ˺Ȼ˵һ䡣
ţԷȻûд򿪳ţȴȥ湺Ǻβǵ
ɣ
һӸ˵꣬һӱҡͷǵĿǶȡɲΪһЩݶˣ
һֱɵҲǰ취ǵĸҲûˣǰ˵ĺü
Ҳһգ֮Իţ˾ʦķԸֻҪȴ뿪ؾȻǣƣʱǱл͵Ϯˡ
ĳʼղ򿪣Ҳ޷УЩǾҲûйе£ֱǿǽǵɡ
Ҫװ̣һӵ˵
ţƺУ
УԷȻֵزȻʲôţǻеġҡͷ
õŻȥֻҪ˳ſڣȻӭ죬Ƿܼ鴦⣬ֻҪһ򿪣ҵЩʳľ񣬱ȶŶ룬֮ǰֻҪܣսһ𣬴һӵϣòֻҪһűǹݣڸ·Ҳٸ֧Ԯˣǧ֮࣬սأӦһɣʱʦȻյϢԻͷɱˣ
֮굹˫ĿһЦһҵһƣǵڵоƤӵ¶
Ŷ˵
΢΢һЦ˽ͷӶ
ʱһ˵Ļ̶鿿ţ⣬ؾߺȵߺˣ
̣˵ȱݹһȼü֮
Ŷԭ̰Եһ£ȥ֪ͨ
رܿˣĩԼһŷҵϵ˳¥ϣһ۳̶ӣüͷһ壬ǲ̣
СѾ˵ˣ̣˵۾Χɴ£ڵоˣ㽫ͼ۸İǡ
ŷҵһһϲȻѾȥһȻҪЮƴ˵ΣյҪͼǾԲɵģֻ⵹ǵðһԹ˵ǹ໤һɰŷҵĸˡ
Ҳû취Ϊ˵õݣȷȫΪ֮ƣҲ̵̶ֻðճǣȥط
û뵽ʱ˼Դ׵̹
ǵȵȣ˳Ų飬ȷ󣬲ſǽǷŷҵЦ
ŲˡΪ׵국Ц
ţǴʮˣǿŷҵͷߵһתʮ¥£򿪳ź󣬱ߵ⡣
ŹȻˣԵļƺЩסˣȴϵĵ룬˭ǸҪã
Σֻðסؾһǰһʱһ״оſģ㵭ȻһЦҪ״ʱͻȻһ״з䣬һ䵶ֱӳŸһȥ
Ŀ⻹״ϣƺƼӰϮʱоؿһһɾʹϯȫ

ʹĽһóϵؾɫ䡣
ãŷҵһĻ֪мˡ
ɱ
ٵȣʱϰٺˣͬʱγս׷ɱš
ţţŷҵ
Ȼ˾̫ˣգۼ˳嵽ŵؾӵȥ
ʮˣڸɱһ˲䣬⵽븱ͬ³ʣµļȻ㿪ˣҲ޷˶ˡ
תۼ䣬ʮ˳ţؾսһš
ŷҵŭȵо࣬ȥֵ
ŷҵ˵仰ʱֻŸɱһʪӰðսųųɱ
һɨŷҵо𣬶ԷȻǧ֮ڣڶŵˣҲٸǺã
ʲô취һҪסţ
ŷҵ˵ţһѳ³¥оսһš


354 
ˣɱˡ
ѵǳңһ飬ζʱҫһͻȻдˣû˵һϴҲһݷ飬˵ĺϮһŵˣһοˣҫʲôȱ򶨣ǰӵϣȻҲûʲôϡ
ǵооɱ
ʲôһ£ŵñ鶼ڵ£һĶ𾪵Լɱͷˣ
֪Ƕս´죬оǣɱòɿ뱱ŵؾҲϹȥˣӺǳ
ô
üһ壬Ҳϸ룬ҫԺս츮
εСԺڳǶ붫ҲԶһѾǱɱ죬ɫԽ
оͻȻϮȻ׼ֻǲ֪һ﾿·ѵԼҵĽʿˣɾ治ˣսһ𣬿ԼҴҲɱԶֻֿп˻һŸƣ㿵ԶҲˡ
ҪԼҴɱǰţ
뵽⣬ο˦ޣս˻һǰȥ
θϵʱڶѾȫоռݣŸĽֵ赲ֹؾѹȥڽֵݶҲоռ죬ڳ¥ϣмСսţòɿб׵ŷҵ

һ򳤿θһϲȥӵ
һɨϰٺˣüһ壬Ϊλȥѵ֪ȥֻøĵо𣡡
ǵоܣֶڳ¥ĹֻеϱŵĹֹſڻҵȳȥ
ȵϱŵ֧Ԯо֧ԮҲҪˣʱ򻹲ǽֲ£
ŭһ⵹Ĺʵ£ñʲô֧ԮΪϲ
ղѪ֮ȥоʸɣ³ţʣµؾҲˣȻҷ
ε˿û⣬㵽ռҾƣܱټûжܱôŰ壬ֻҪֵܵʸɣڻʿ̳ҹȥʱûȼ˺ȥµӣ׼棡
һһ֪ԼǱĿԵģ˼һ̼ദƵ֮ߣȴɵۣ֧Ԯ
ģѾںֻǰڶԷ赲ùȥˡ
ȥ
εĺ۲һ⻹Ҫǵ𣬲˼Ҳ۾ģԼͨһ㣬оԸ£ȥƺջҪҾơ
Լһʮرֱһ̳̳ҾƸϻ·ڴεķԸ£ϰֳֶ봲ľŽڻһоһĻһżдľڵͨʸ޷Ѻǣȿں󣬵оҪɳӵӦʱͻȻ㿴ľźһ̳˳
Щˣѡģ̳ȻأⱻЩȫһ£׳ԶȻȫ̳ϣʮ֮ĶĿ꣬ʱһɾĵоһȻ
ǲ֪ԷҪʲôѵҾƵֱЦˡ
Ȼһ⻮ʣΪһߣֱ㶵Ĳһʱ֮ӭܴɲʱƵЩĵоϽ˺һЩΪҾմ֮ĵоɲʱ䣬ͱƾĻ磬ʹĺұܣһʱ䣬ײ˲پеĵоͬһ𱻵ˡ
ҾƵȼĴü죬ȴˣȵµ֮ЩϵĴװĸݣȴĵݣһȼ޼һʱ䣬ЩֳֹĵоƵˣҲˡ
ż䲻УֻҪ˵оɡ꿴һĻһܿ
ʱһϮΪ׵ڽֵһͷĿһĻûǰ˼
оȻˣʲôʱȥǱߵһЦ
οЦ֪оԮʲôʱɲܾɵȡ
סۣ
һ볶һڲ۸赲
һ˳ìڸ֫£Ŀһɨܵһʸץסοյ߾սìһ壡
ɱ
ηΣŽֵͷɱȥ
ɱһɫܿ
죬ʸ䣬ǣǹì׼ӭӵо
䣡һ죬һֱӱƷɣһƥͷ˻У˽û߼˵ڵأȻղųײʱ˲ٵˣҲ޷վˡ
ͬʱսϵΣۿˤʱͻȻսìһһԾһڣӵоǹ˹ȥֱ䵽˵о롣
һ£ܵĵоɵۣһȻ˹ǲҪˡ
֪ǿյĲƲַǿ׳սȻ̵ˣӦ죬Ÿһ򻹱ֱײ˼ҵǹУˡ
ˣҲûãѪʳ
ɱܵоۿһҪվȣӵɱ
һݣһ轣һͬʱͣͬ轣Ƥͬʱ˶һЦͬʱҲҪ⵨Ϊļһ
ι˲ˣӰ绨գۼ㽫Ϯĵо۰ˣèһײֱײоУײĺأ󼸵
ƻļһ˼ͬ鱻ײҹӵԼҲˡ
ξͽ˻ᣬ轣ĴƵϮĵоҿ
αΧĵڣ󷽵Ҳϵˣһǰײ㣬ɶͷʮһЩҲͬһս˦ɳȥǾûˣмֱӷɵ˵оǹϣͱ
ͻƿһ֣ӿ˽һսìֱӴ̴赲ǰĵоһӣսһš
ˣ
ҫֳսս£ɱоڳ嵽ԡ
˱ԱܵĵоսһţѪɲʱȾȫȴûһ˿µġ
κҫǲرģûмϣʵڴŴԺףѰսΨǹì̻Ż졣
ˣҲȻû죬ͬ۰ҫղŶ֮оսĳθĸҹҪ³ˡ
ɱ
ĲҲٸϵͬɱƵõоˣ꾪
һ
ʱˣƺҲˣȳ֮ˣֻһı𵽵ãĲ𣬵Ⱦȵľ档
ֽɱĿһͻȻ֣һ̣һȻ̳һ˼㣬ƺЩܲٶȣ΢΢ֹ
轣ĳײֻоһֱͬ۵ЩȻЩóֶ
Ǿճյε轣ѾΡΡϮǰ׾ٵƿƤ⣬һ͸


355 Ȳ
磡
һо걻һǱʹ߾սֵǣƴˣ
ɱ
޴
оӲƴĿһ
ʣµĵо߰ٶˣؾҲ࣬ռƣȻڳҵо˳սʼ´ӭ
ܿ죬ؾ֯мɵķֳһɹɣܵսľޣŵоۼĵطѹȥһоܿ㱻߽⣬ĺϹһͨ󣬾Ȼ֪˫ͬԼҲ¡
ⳡ̣ͻȻȥҲ죬оûվȽŸͱ콫ʿ߽ˣǰҲʱ
һζϵűȻʧذŷҵ˵ֱۣߵǰ
ĪҪ𣬵оԤıѾõģˣеʱ򡣡οЦ
ȣһٵ֣٣Ǳˣһսպػˡŷҵһ̾
оǧҾЩѾǼΪѵˡοһʹ˱̾˿
ˣ
ΪʿеʹϧʱȻ¥һڱʮ⣬죬ǧƵӰǵоԮˣ
ʲô
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Ҳû뵽о죬ðӲҵоǲ밡
ŷҵĻɨһ۳ź󣬺Ȼ˫üһһֵŷҵǰ˵ɣ
ɶŷҵһ
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ΪΣسţѵҪͶŸо𣡡ŷҵŭ
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˵һŷҵĻ󣬳ߵĽʿ׼İˣװƷŵоţЩûٵ·ڣ󡭡
˵꣬ܵĽ춼ɵһ㣬㶵ĿҡͷһЦɣҪϷҪķʱ׼ģ
ŶŶŶǻŸʲôĻȥŷҵεˣû뵽̾Ȼ
Լ޷ϵȻоҲܶˣһٺ٣
뵽ղİţŷҵȻЦ̫ˣ̫ˣֱǵ޳ܵĵزٺ١ϲ


ͼ׵ܣһͱǧڳ˾ʦİţ׼͵Ϯɾ
ͼΪ˼ƲŲܣϾǵı̫ˣҪ빥һţҪһ죬ֱǲܵ롣
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ȻյϢƴǧƺ뵽֮ߣһ֮жˣ˽ʿڳʮȺڣ̽Źˣ
Ϣͼ˷ޱȰ콫ʿţʱǱܳ˶ʮ·ɼٶ֮죬ͼԼ
ҪƳңңͼӵƴ߸Ͻʿ첽о˭ǸҵƬ̣ͷء
ŻУʿȻҵֻܶűܰʱƣ壬ҧͦס
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ͼ˷ܵһ󺰣ɱ¶ţ
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Ŵ󿪣ԼҵĽʿҲ˷ˣƣ壬ֱһɳţֱɱС
һǣͼ㿴ʮյĺ·м䣬ǰͨεԼҾڳŽֵһͷ߷ϣҲսһţȻԼ˿ƣǲѿЩԼҾڿ֧ţƺпܱһ㡣
ֵǷģˣͼЦ
ǴˣϰٸǰĹֻͷͼ˺󣬱˷ܵĸߺ
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ͼһûԷòĿԾֵͷһɨ㿴мСսŴòɿԼɼ˵ӣڿӭУһ
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һĻͼ˴ʱݶͬʱһӰֳֹ׼ˡ

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ԶǱĳڴǰʵֻҪ֪ǳ壬ӣ
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Ŀޱ飬ڿԶԣƺĴ޾֮ɫ
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οһۣڿŷҵȻûбԹǳüչģü仹˿ŭȻԿԶҲЩˡ
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359 ȱ
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ֻǵоվ֮ƣᣬָӪİȥֹԷǽԸ⣬㱧ȭת뿪ȥϢˡ

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ǣܵתȥ´ˡ
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361 ƽҪ
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ʲô
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ׯЦЦŽ͵뿪ǰҸӦְڷԣҵɻòȥǸ̼ңܽʳȴһѾߣ治֪ʧٵЩ﾿ʲô룬Էµһ䵽ˡ
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һ̫ƽʱȻԼ´ңԲˣ˭ҪЩõĻ֮ﰡ
УݷٵľٶɾĥˣϾѾǰµİ˭ܱ֤һأ


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Ȼ֪ݷٵĿģǴӴŮΪǲòҪ׳ܣ˿ܼ򵥣һŮܾĥ𣿴һٲʲôˣ
룬ˣݷٿǲֹһ䵽ˣһǾҲգڶΣ䵽ڴģܵ·ϣǳ׵̹ŮǿӲһ棬ֻáС
¡ߵ̽ʷ˵ı£ȻҪͬΪŮӵݷ֣Ҳ˰ų֣ǣǶݷٿް취ˡ
ֱڣҲֻ֪Ůˣǲǣ֤
£ΣԼ룬ȻҪִݻ֮ǰ뿴Ůûзõļֵ
ؾ˰ɡݷ٣骼˼ΣһŮֻŵľٶȴȻ෴ˡ
ݷٶλؾˣǽһֶθ߳˼ҵļ䣬㽫˵ĻˣճմɵЦͻԼҹС
һ㣬ΪĸѻδŮһζһųżУȫδĹӸ磬˿ʱʱߴһ˷ܼɫƺɴ룬ʮֵ
Ҫ֪˿̾һ棬һֱ˹˰ɣ
̣ݺݺ࣬ɫɫ㣬Ļһãɫǰ־ٱʳЦȻĶţȱٲ˻ݣɵľˣ
ս㣬ţҲǾ˰ˣҲǣ֪սǾ˰
ԵģһʮŮʱŮΪöò֣ȷ˿һĿ֮С
üϷ˿飬ϵСԺ˿ˮ涯ᵴ¶һƳĹСͷŮ鶯˫һʮĹ龫
ݽģ֪ǺοʿһЦʵ
İԶˣǺʿֻС游ϼҵľɫĸˡ⻰ҳһԳŮ˵˸оЩ꣬ö˵ȴ෴ƺԴ˲⣬ҵġ
ϸƬ̣骱֪ϻ㷱ǱԶģʱϲܣ˼֮ǵ˵ɡ
ţСÿ㶼յһ˷ڴĻأսȴͬûΪ˿ģһ˻ѵĹӲս⣿
һε˰ЩЩŻģǿʮ˾ŵģŮӹʮϹŮˣ˼ŮӣΪһ࣬Ϊսɣ̸ۼ޶ˣϦȻǼر˳۵ģƷΣ˵ɡ
ʮ״ᣬһҳģ벼ľڴйأ´ҲԸϾһĻĻ̫ˣԼƫƫʲô
ҳݵ֪Ĺ˭˭ðȻܰҡͷһЦ
򵥰СȻ˵Ĺȫʶʮ߰˶ģ費ҪСأ
ö⻰ﲻɰһСС;ѧƤˣһְýš
ֻδг޵˼أһҡ
ǿϧˣսˣҪö湫ȫ˲ɡöһϧ
˻ȻĲһȻɫöȷսǱ׷ˣѰѾ޷뷨˰ɡ
ⲻ֪δ˿ƵĲУҲ֪ȻܰŸոտʼء
öһѾͷƴ£ҪλĽк뿪λ
öߺãݷٲ骶С㲻дģɲؾܾöСȻЩӵĺôϾֻģ骶С㣡
ݷͻȻ˵⻰骵һܿ˼Ȼ骲ǶׯŮϾ涭ׯģҪЩӽ˭Ҳ»Ӱ˶ҵ⣬Ϊڳģʮа˾Ŷ̷֮Ұ
һʱ䣬ǲ˭ڲء
ãͻȻҡͷһЦͷһݷ٣ݷĴݷٻͷһִǿյ㣬¸˵ǲޱȡ

һ̾Ϣݷٶִ߱ǸдԵ
¶һ꣬ʤȴ˼ǳʱڳĺĺ
ݷԣһɫ̼䣬;ƿݵĲй⣬ɥһԣ׵
ΣǰҪʫʱ˲뵽һ̫̫࣬ĹڰǴǰء˾м񵱳ҹǮʱ顣
ͬ˼޶˼Ůˣ뵱ʱһǣ˿̵ƺӼᶨˣеһ˶һżһΣܱ⣬γأ
磬λˣȻʱ䣬ദĻֿʱأ֪ΪΣǵĸ飬ﷴԽԽˣ֤عʫڳĺĺ
һŮӣһαŮӣû˶ãȻһʵ
˫üһѭȥֻ֪ʱöصλϣЦȻ
벻ս㻹һλŮöƽţ֮ǰ骵ĵʵ¶һ꣬ʤȴ˼ǳʱڳĺĺУΨӡ֤˴˾˽ˣ

κգ˵ܲӦ˾˽
ٿŮһĿ⣬һ£ƤٺҲܲסε糺ˡ
ս㣬ʫö֪骴˿ʲôֻԼƣߵͨ죬Խӵ޶ˣӼᶨҪúλսĵͣŪһݺ鱨ڸ߼תָĶǣʱǻģٺٺ١
̷֮Ůۺʱεأ׬һƱԼǰˣ
֪СѾͷ˼ֻѰ˼ҪҪԭʫͳأ
Ƭ̣骲ŵͷһЦʲôŮʫһʫ￴ģΪȵɣԭŪɣǴޣȡ¶һ꣬ʤȴ˼ˮΣ̹ȵŹ·ǳʱڳĺĺʫع
öһȻЩɣϸַ֮ս˵Ĳ٣ڼԼʫ䲻Ǻܶʫ֪Ҳ޼ֱӵˣûмȥǿʼ²ѯѶϢˣ


371 ҲǶ׫
ս㣬ƽʱϲʲô
ս㣬ʲô𣿡
ս㣬һϲʫɣ
ﻹʲô𣿡
涭Աģ붭Աѵݣ
ϲʲôɫأаԥ࣬ûпǻؾݰ
öһ汦ʲôʣԺ󣬻ʵϹĹԳһɣҲ㶥ˣöٸʵ£׵ı¶ˡ
һ⣬ѯеʲôöһĺӣ˷ܵĴС
ο⸱̬üһº͵ҵǷݣӦòɰɣ
ʲô
öһ׹Сʱһһɥ֪
ܵĹСǣЦſŮȻһˣǲ֪£Ȼ͵龫Ůˡ
öһ˰ɣһͽϴŮЦöȻ곤ֻ棬οͣҲͺԼ࣬ʮģһŴδŮϣǿ̫ˣȻûױһӳζöɬСѾͷܱȵġ
١㣬֪Ц˼ң죬ȤҲ¡öٺһЦյŮ߷
Ѿͷʲô£㲻֪ġ١ŮָһöСͷû
˵Ͳ˵Сö١ŮӲ˵һ䡰ҳȥһ¡ûӰˣʮа˾ţǵ鱨ˡ
˼ļıʲô©֪䣬ӳ󾪺ʱͰŮĿ˹ȥ
һ棬Ű£ĹӣһŰֽϵҡͷͷ̾š
֣ӣǵʧ԰
߼ӶǾ֣ɾôˣĪǵõ˶ĳλ˵鱨㿴϶ԷˣЩܰɣǱɴͤʣֻҪǸβģ˭ˣǶǻǷǵģǶѰӣֳҲμ˲ʮΣ֪ˣԣЦ
֣ЩӸ粻ͬȻ̷֮ӣȻСϲ̣ǹٳȨʴ˶ˣϲʫʣղţ˹鱨ǲģԷвŮʫ䣬֮£ӹȥʮӣŪһֽ
֣ȻںǮɵһǮһ˵ʮֻһֽŭһȥǸ鱨ѾߣһֽʮӣСǵһɨбֽϵļֺ󣬲ɻһ󣬴㶵ŵӻΪһιҪŭˣȻҲоʮһֽеˣڳģ˭ᣬںЩ˼ۣҹҪЦˡ
ǳʱڳĺĺ֮ʣǧžã̫ˣ
֣ɿɲ㼸Ӹ磬㿴鱨ѾߣʵɻλС鱨
УÿһţҪʮӡ
ΪöҲ׵ŮӣüʱǾ¶ģʴֻѾ鱨ˡ
Ѿ߸öˣΪ֮ͨһԷȤۣʵһżˡȵɡʫֵֽʮ⣬ĶˣϾУŮҪʫʵģҲֻȼ˰ˡ
ϡΪ󰡣骿ڳƲģöҪ۸ȥ㱻ʶˣҲԿڳԼʫʣֽѾдˡعֻ֮ۡʫ롰骡棬ҺССˣ
ѾߵĻû˵֣꣬ɱһ֣ٶѾ΢΢һԼۣ˼ҵĲ˰ɣ
ǣδüĵأ֣ɰ˵ȫҪˡ
ʲôѾƺû
˵С鱨ȫҪˣ

һ£Ѿˣ𾪵ģɲֹһˣͬܺĹӸǣҲǾ㵵֣ɣ벻ͨƽ̶ҪԼڼҪδһùٵ֣ţզˣԴ¿ˣ
УԵȣū͸Ѿ߶ʱ򣬻æĴһֽУѡ骵鱨
֣ɻûиоʱֱӰѾеֽŶԼѡˡ
оޱȵĵȴУȻһȣܵĹӸĿȫ˹ȥΨ֣һգգĶѾеֽš
ȣٴ֣ɻǲΪ֮ƺЩˣѹȵɣ

֣΢΢һоޱϤԺѰ˼Ƭ̣뵽ⲻǸ׵
֣Żعͷ㿴վϽʩôˣ
Сֵģ˳´ˣ﾿ʲôˣΪ֣ɵ˶һ۲ʵ
´Ҳڡ
֣ûش𣬶ǿ֣һƶ󣬲һʩſŸ׵һΣˣ
ʲô˼˺ЩӸ綼ɻһ󶼿֣ɣѯʵĿⶢãһЩεĵʧʧԣ´Ӧöģ
֣ɴ˻ͷˣЩĽһֽݸ´˺ֻ´ɻĽӹĿֽһɨɾסһ룡԰
ֹԣֱ֮ʣǧž֣һԸ͵
˱һһСƷͷ㣬ŪĺޱʱѾߵŴ
ˣЩС鱨ȫҪ
ȫҪȻȫҪˣ֣츶ӡ֣ɨһӵ
ӸϽͳƱһӣͻŰƱϤ֣ɵ֣ɣһ𾪣ӽզˣƽǮҪһһ̷֮ӣһҲˣ֣ο̾һöӣڣȻһõ⻹ԼǸڼĶ
˵ľ֮£֣˷ܵźһ骡鱨صλϣƽζĿ·ЩүĿ⣬ȫˡ
⾿
֣ѯʣԵĳ´סҡҡͷ͵£һλϵСˣ
ļҵС㣿֣һ뵽ղŶӵǷž
֪ŮΪ骣УҲûյģļҵݰɡ
´˵⣬һĨ룬΢΢һЦֵŮʫȷǾѾ䣬ţعۣ˴δŹȴ˵ȼѾ䣬ȻǷ֮ˡ
ʲôˣ´㵹˵˶Ŀ
´Ƭ̣˵ҹʫ౾˾Ӷ࣬ȵɡȾƷʫ֮ˣԱٲ²⣬˼С㣬ں׫һɣ
Ҫ⻰Ķˣʲô׫Ҫظգǵɣ骣Ƕ׫


372 
ʲô´˿ҵ˵˵
ǰ´ˣʫʾô֣⵽ȵز
ʮӸΧѯˣǵ֣ɺȳһŽ
´˿ЩӣЦһ󣬱㿪ʼԼԡȵɡϸϸЩ˵һһ㶵ģȻܶ಻رףǲ֪污ɴһ骵С㣬ǵɶõĲŮ
һʱ䣬λӸҲ˺ģһλ֮£Ҳʣһ骵鱨һ֮£ʱ๫ӵģòͣرһף붭ԱһͬģǶԱĶ֮Ůֱ
ЩλӼסˣҲһʱȴ鱨Ѿҡͷ˼С鱨ֻݣһݣ˭Ҫ
һ鱨ʵǿͨõģЩΨһȱģǱǮȱٵģӣΪǮӣҲȻҲû鱨֣ӵҪһˡ
ʮȫҪˣһŻ۵ṫӵ
İܿ죬һ̧߼۸
İʮ

༸ƺʾ׷׼ӼۣŪľͺƵġ
λǶˣȰȵɿڹɡȿڵĻ۹˵ţתͷѾߵʮ
˵ܹӣҪ˵㶮˱ǻţʫʸ踳ߺߡ߰
ӣҲʶҲ˼˼С鱨û´˵˼ҿǵеĲŮҲ䣡
٣ӾϲŮôˣѵʶֵܹӣܱǿһԴ𣡡
ܹԴŭһ˰Ҳ̧ܵӣּһ䣺ֻҪһұ˳
˰ȻЩӸ˵ֻǹ컨ƵرɢĿǣ⻹ֻһ鱨ѣʲôûţʵ˲ǰ
λӿƬ̣㶼ҡͷ˳ˣǣλȴûзĵĿһܹӺЦ̣սǧ˰ٵģʲôһǧ
㡭ܹԸŭ֮ǰѾˣҶԷӵĻֹһǰǧӣܹӾٸУҲܼӼˡ
ʢ֣ɺͳ´һЦ㶼صԼˣЩ֣ʱҲûٸɣ´Ȼǹ٣ȻֳܳϣȻҲϵ뷢˵˼õԼ׬ǮٵҲܹܰ
С㣬С㣬׬ˣ
ôˣôˣһһէġ
öЩãѾʲôʱ㲻֪ˣǷЩǵ鱨ȻҶ֪˵ɾͲ˼ˣ˸飬Ѿ߾˷ֱܵӴСе˹ȻҲ֪λöӣҲͺ˼ɵʵ˵ģ׬˶ٰ
һ䣬ֱܵСˣ峯һۡ
˼λЩС鱨İ⣬Сģһǧٶ
ʲô
һ⻰ʮλ˲ɵˡ
ѾƺŻعԼ̫˷ܣֱˣǲ˼ĿһԼСԵ骡
骴˿ҲһЦ˵һҵˣ
öȻ֪骵˼ȻΪᣬǴѾһƱ󣬱Űĵݸ骡
õƱҲûмװǧСˣһزū֮󣬱Сƺ±˸ȥ
öҵأ
԰ҵ鱨ȻûСֵǮҲмʮӰɣˣֻҪ
öȥ鱨С㣬Ҳѧ㣬ʼҪǮˣ
öûĵһ骣ǺˣҲֻܾܾܿһƱǰˣɺ޵ģλ󷽵ĳŮӣȻֻҪЩ´ңǮׯܵƱȻۿۣһģֻܶһʮһЩתģֻܻʮǷµģȻСƱˣЩǮʲôʱܻҲֻˡ
ŮùƱӣСС˷һѺҲ׷ɻ骵鱨ΪֵǮ
ǣǷ鱨ѾߣȻΪŮѯʵĿꡣ
ⲻʲ֪һһԭղʫǱ֣´Ϊ֮ʣǧžһ˹Ӹ̧һݾߴǧ
С΢ţһεĻǣյ˼㰡Լ治ˣԺЩϷ밡ǲҪˣ¸̾һ䣬ҲۣպҪƨ˴ԽȥǱߵĵظﻹ˰
ѾͶ̥ת˰ɣߣԽأ
ţͻȻоϮݷٵ骶С㣬ү˽ȥء
Ŷ֪ˡ
骵Цһȴɻ֣֪ⶭׯĪǻΪʫ
ȹڣСݣľԵС·ׯڵĳ
ƿıɴֻ߳벽ʱ洫һ󾪺΢΢һȥֱӸ쾮Ķ棬ȻվһŷĹӸ硣
ӵĳûбɴڵȻܿУֻˣĿ࣬ǴС״˲ףΪˣ
۹ⲻ
ĵһ䣬骳Ŷ溬ЦʩȻȻ̬һϮɴȹһů˿ϵĴָСɴ꼻оļƤźһۣİۣ嵭糺죬ţȴƫƫŮüĿ续ǷʧӢìܵĽϣţء
ʩһ񣬶ʱٴ󾪺ȴᣬݷ٣˶ׯĳ
ŶĹӸ磬һݷʱ˫Ŀɲʱǳ㣬ΪݷٴأҲʩ죬Ȼ޷ױˡ
˽ˣ֪ʲôŮˣղŸö鱨ҲϲһʩչģڶǶ˽ڿݣʵΪˣ
ǣҪ֪һһα֪θ룿
ׯǰǷһ
εѵβ˵ԼʮŮζԣҲƫԣ΢ѹһ£ֻҪǺġ
ׯǽп಻֣´˻ʱֱѯ骵룬ׯŵ֪ʲôŮҲͰˣǰڱ˶˹ţһ¶ǿզ찡
ڣׯˣΪǰ治ˣαװǺЩϷ̨ϵеҪŮ֣ⲻʲô
šׯͷʾ骿һԣܵλ֣ɣԵһλǰ̫س¾Ȼ´ˣηҪһ˰ɣ
Ǻǣ˵ЦˣһγĳؾǱᣬһδ֪أ´˿Цҡͷ
֣ɵûǵлЩʵλĪǾС㣿
СŮӡ΢һ񣬳֣Ц
ţȻһλ绨μˣ֣ϸۺ󣬲ֺǺǵЦ
˸ˣȻΪƺ˴ŮȻҪΪӰѰѹأڼ骺ǳ׷ˣֻҪŮ´˵ʵѧͼôԼҪӣϱ


373 ³ͻȻ
ׯν骹ҲֻǽܸЩʶһ£骻ȥϾǶ׫ģ񣬶ׯҲ¶ţδ˵ڣ¾Ȼѯȵɡ롣
Ȼԭֻ˵عֻعۣĿǰֻںСʴ˳´˲֪ѡ
¾ȻŽɣȴҲˣһԵ֣ɻʲôׯȴȿڵ骶ȥɡ
ţ骶ˣ
Ƿʩſȥ
ˣҹǿ˰Щϼһڲһ£ǶˡһʹԼʮҵĸ˵꣬˾ǣΪҵĹС㰲ż档
ʵ˵Ǽ棬ֻŮзѣзֻܶűɴһԼǼС㿴ˣŰŵż֮ãôýˣϦ飬Ҳһμѻˡ
һзȻҪԿˣ˼ҲҲɵλȻ䣬ģȻÿˣǲҲҪö鱨
ȳĹӣ֣ɣһڣָҪС泩̸ɰһͬʱҲоЩˣȻ˵֣ɣԼ
Ϊ˿ݷ٣صװģȥһףҪԼˡ
骲س棬ݷٳؾˣ֣΢΢һ󣬱ʧ˻λϡ
骾Ȼؾ֣ɣŮӶпϧ֣Ŀʲ̷Ϊ࿼ȡŵĲӣҹŮصΪģɫƽĽܾǰݼڣȻͶЩ⣬Ҫǿǵ˳ǵҲ˻ᣬ¶Ҫˡ
骾ܾ֣ɣѹûڳ棬ֻǳüչԭλɰѲСǵĸˡ
骶ЩСİȻᣬǾţȴʱ
һʮȺԼܵõСģҲѣЩ빫ӵС㣬͵ģٲޣˣ
öȻ׬Ǯģѹû빫ӵ˼һֱʶƺһЩ鱨÷ȥԴˣ骸ӲˣƱ磬Ҳдʱö̸ʵףȻóĬӦԲߡ
ǰһʱȥڵղҵƻҲԻֻͣǽֱߵߺ˲٣Ȼҹ˶ʼؼҵ·ȥˡ
ΣʱҲӦùˣװʮƣӣڰ˯
骶С㣿
骶С㡭
һ˼ƺѹۣݷ٣ʵû
ţү˴˵骶СˣȻȥϢɡ
Ǻðɡ
骵ͷ໹ڱɴСǸǡ
Ȼûʲôһ䡰ȵɡռ˷ͷȻǵòСʼɣҪߣȻ˵ĻʵɣֻᰭۣռéӲʺ˼֣Ӽļûˣ
Ȼ֪룬֪ҲֻǿЦһǡ
ûоˣ骱ݷٴӳԵ¥ݿȥߵ¥£ݷٱȥҶҵĳ򣬶ſھȴ
ȥüͷһ壬ֹһ䣺ôȥã
ⶭҵĳ򣬾ʮԶĵطҪ˵ֵ·̫࣬ʱвζǸо֣ڽϵѾԽԽ٣λûݷٵӰˣüͷ壬ֱ½ݣһһ
ֻ⣬ֱһյϵͣ˲ǳӰȴûУҲûݷٵӰ˹ȥǰ㿴Ӿ㵵Ļ档
Ÿŵĳʽ赹ڼм䣬Ϊ赲û˲ϻƿƿ޹ޣ뼸׺ɣԼƮɢľ
⡭
ξ㵼䣬ͻȻһٴӳȺֱӱۼſ죬һ˹ȥץסţһֱƿ
˭
Ȼϴһȡ
ûпΪоһĻʮ֣⳵棬һź۵ӣһλѾװˣݷ٣
˿̵ݷ٣˫ĿգڳȻ˹ȥ
˵ڰ·ô
оţͻȻ䣬ֱһ˦ּ䣬һĩ㴵ӣֻһᣬʱ͸оԴɽɰòᣬŵֹסԷҲŹȻıõ룬г·
Īٷˣ
뵽⣬ѾоκˣºȻҪٳֽݷδӴݷٵĽףֱһһץסˡ
˵צץסκƾǰѲˣڴʱղᵽķ۳ѾҩЧˣ̵ǼΪǸոһ㣬Ҳڼ䣬˯
·ˣȽڿδã
Ȼݳĺ˵һ䣬ץסεĺ֪²ɾ̫ˣӰƣòʧˡ
գ˷һ㽫λУ㽫ã·˺֪£ҡڵĴӶŴ뿪


Ŵһ࣬å꣬ڿȴһ˻ͣüôûҪǵȵʱ
أֻҪǮããһ׮鷳һں
ʱԱⲻǮ
ң飬½֪ǹԹԸǮ
˵˼Ҷ˸ɵйҪŪЩС׾ٵģûǲҪˣңҲǼʮӵ룬붭˲᲻سŵġ
ˣ
һ䣬һ䣬ĿⶼŽͷǿ˰죬Ҳҵ֣Ǹо֣Ŷһ²һ£Ҳļڵϣ
ⲻ֪ѱ˽ȵˣ


ʮ𾪣ͷһξҪŵôСʧ˰ɣ
Ȼ˺˵̣ǲδ٣ϻŴҪһƿѬ͡רҩȻ֪Ѱҩк𣬵ڱڳϣŶԷʱ̺ѬץǶ˼ڣǱסʶ
ҶΪ廹ûȫָҸղŶԷץסԼʱȻѰܱȵģԷ϶Ǹ֣
һ˾ǺηʥΪҪݷ٣˵ֻΪòҲţ֮⣬Ҳ벻ͨԷץݷٵ塣
һ·нԶβҶһ£Ȼ֪Ҫȥδ
ĩԼʱͣˣϵĺ˿ųڵŮӣüʵô죿
ȴȥ˵ϳĺƿǰ濴һۺ˵
˵ȹŮӣѵҲҪȥĺü
ǵˣȻ뿪ϳĺ˵꣬ߵ棬복ĺһһ
ߺŮذסεǸֹһ
˵ϣòʮֵĿүϣҲң
ʲô뽫Ҳү
Ҫү㱨ҹ룬ŮȻסģİɣүϲϲնҵһݣ
˵ţ㿸ݷ٣ߵһ¡
Ȼ͵͵۾һĵطֻ֪һ԰֪˵ĶԻǸ𾪰үүĹү


374 ֿ
һװݻĿȴΪƹⲻԵмĸоƽֵطζҪ˵ĿţǮװޣȴûǮƣ㵱һ尡
֮⣬ĲõȷϺˣҵ̴ĿȻϵȵ̴㣬õЩģ˼ҾԲȱǮΪټֻһյƣ߾β²ǰ㣬ϲڰļһ
κݷٱ˷ƴİϣüݷٷ˿еĺζһŮ㣬ζᵽ֪ΪΣֻӵζд鹦ЧȻɫ޵ļһǷ
򶨣С鰡ҪȹӶС񣬿ɲǲŹ۵ˣ
βݷٵζû취ǿƺ»ᱻ˿ߣ˭֪ˣûڴء
⿴ţȥү
һ˵ţ뿪㴫һͳұ
ŸոմαȵĽŲűһס
ţǡ
үݷٰһ˸ϽЦ
ݷ٣ǴӺѰģүƺЩȵ˵һ䡣
СĶ·죬ÿݷٴ߳ʱЩȷţ˼ԣһƺΪٹųԻǣŰݷٸץֻǸϳã㱻һŮסŮΪСòСı㽫һץˣһһʮĽ͵
ү˵ҪѰݷ٣ʴСĶ˲ðŴݾߵķգŮʲô
һ˻û˵꣬үһ֣ްֻѾЭŮԱôҲˣǱΪϲŮҵƾСȥץһһժλԷҲŹԱôܴ󣬱罫ɫ֮ͽˡ
ǺǣǺɫ֮ͽȷҲΪŮ˶Ȼүݣȥ˯ӱӣǸһ˸Ц
⵹ܹǱȥģүһڣ˸һ
ˣлĪᣬȻŮôˣҲһӣϾûýģ
үӢȭ
أһָݷԵΡ
ŮȻòȻ뿪ˣδã㽻ǰɡ
ү˵ţҪ뿪ͻȻ뵽ʲôͣ½Ųʵˣǽҹˣ
⡭
һү⻰Ƭ̣һεĵͷصΪݷ٣Сġ
ǾûˣүͻȻ
үˡ˸Ͻڵأɪɪš
ߣȥˣŮȹѺү˵գһ˦ȥ
ΰֻýŮѺһңﾹȻ˵ΣȻֻ䣬ǰĴ룬ڵ˽عһһ֣Ҫͷģ
䶼ѺˣһŮӣһӣŶŵĻţ߸˷ֱѺˣһݡ
ף磬ôִ˽ˣ˵û𣿡صεһЦʵ
⿸εĺҡͷһЦô࣬һδĿǺûɫȻЩŮһģ˼֪𣬷үԴҪң
֪Ǻ֪صεĺ˹ͷ
ţ֪Ϳ쿪ţǹؽȥǻҪҪ졣
ͿͿ
صεĺ˹ĴŮӼţ˽κݷٷŽȥתַԸ˼䣬ŷȥ
һߣǿصεļһϸĴŮӺ󣬶ʱ㾪Ϊ˰ֻܰпϧźȥˡ


ޱϤĵùٴδεıУûǣƽʼú֮ǰѶϢ
ӷţղŵүǴүӰˣֻЩԾİǵûʱүҲѲ²⣬Ӹղ˵ĻȻǼӰðˣǶʱ﾿ڸʲôû֪
˵ģƾ󻨿룬ֻЦһ䣬㲻ˣǽӰĹϵϡ
ӸղүĻУ𾪵ķ֣˾ȻЭͶ˭үûֱ˵Ҳò²⣬ϾүǰģӱȴɱˣƺǹϵҲûеҪá
һүԼӵ£ôпܱйˣ
⾿˭йأ뻹˭ȥҲԷ˵үڰ˭˭ֵأ
Ҳпܲˣųܣ
ε˼άֻпܣûвܣܵ££ȥųܵ룬϶飬ǵκ˶޷ģñ磬ĴԺһ̹˳ȻпܣȴҲܵģΪʱڣⶫ첻ôȵˣҲ֣ܳʮ꣬ϰҲ᲻֣
һпܣβϵ˼ţ屻˷ҲûᣬΪҲڶʱȥᣬ֪ˣ»鷳ǵݷѺɡ
ڣθоŮˣûжëëţֻȷź󣬱㲻ȥˡ
ҹܾη侲ҹûб죬ֻһЩɢùζ뺹ζƲڵϣڵα߽ǴһСľͰɢɧǿѬ۾ɡ
һҹμû˯Ժлڲ˼үվһߵģ
ӵүӱıһ£ѿվڶǱߵģǶȴּӰɱϢȻ˶Ϊ֪ӪһԱ֪ԵĻǼٻƽƽ棬ȻӪ֡
ôүɵӣпӱΪʲôôأʲôô
ţӰүһҹ֮䣬ɱһգһҲܲȻ˽ӦҪǳԲ;ƣģӹһ𣬵һҹȷ뿪үѺȾƴƨϧȴھĪˣʱʬ֪Ƕġ
Щ鱨ռģǰʱҢɽկ֪ˣûôע⣬ɲ˼
ʶү˵ģȻˣһС½ι⡱̫࣬үĹ£ȴǴ¹ܼ֮ǹ֣ΪүʳģӱҲܲסջͶӱɱ˺󣬱˶ӪͳλӣȨɲʱһ֮֮ϣ볯͢󳼣Ҫɫ¡
ǰ½ι⣬εллΪ춫Ӫҹ͵Ϯƾ֮⣬Ҳûйںˣڣϸ˵δҲ̫˵ɣ
Ȼӱڣ½ι׾ٵͳ춫ӪҪûһЩֶΣһ̫࣬˼һ
ڿ˲ֶΣʮָİ£Ͱڣڳ͢壬ӱǿ֣⣬ʶӪЭפؽҵƾʱݵ·Ϳ񹥣ҲΡȻһ̩ɽļơ
˵ֻһ̫࣬˵


375 
֪ģǼӰ룬˵ڶүЩӣǴ˵޶ôʮа˾ţ½ι϶⣬ֻϧЩԵ֪ܲ²ܶ
ߣβϵѾʱԼ
Ҫǵģǰˣ
ιǻû𣿡мһѯʡ
ûأٵȵȰɡŮһҡͷ
ȣҪˣǱ֪ˣⰵյĵطﰡӱԹ
˵󣬵ٴУҲ֪˶ãݷٵ
⡭ô⣿ոݷ٣ǰľƬ̣ԴԺ
ʲôˣΪʲôץ˼ݷˣһϲʵ
ҡ
ݷڣȻһԵ骺󣬾骶С㣡
磬ӦŮɣ㲻õģֻҩȻܾˡѵ
ҩ
ݷٴãŻҹ룬ҪȥгģǸոտںȾƣδڣƮһűоԴһͲʡˡ
ĪǱ˽ٳˣݷپȵ
ҪǴ˾ͺˣ޷ǶҪǮǱؽȥ¾ˣʱ򣬶һӷݷЦ
ǡ
ݷŷ֣滹һηѺӣĿЩһɨ󣬶ʱة࣡
ţ
һֱмһʮҵԣȻĿ˫ֱ㶵Ŷݷ١
ǡ
ҡūռԷݷ٣ݷٵûʮָɴ
ݷ٣
һ֣ƺ뵽ʲôüͷһ㣡ҼӣҼţߡ
ӣ֮Լĵģĸĸϲӡ
һ⻰ݷɫʱͷһˡ
ЩޱȣԱѺ֮˾裡˵֪үΪʲô˵ѾЭˣԭ߬밡
ݷ٣
ʱŮһŮɫЩĿݷ
ݷû˵Ů˫üһЦðҼˣȻһź
ݷٻûпڣŮӸŭ·һֻϸһ㣬ߵݷǰӸŭΪ㣬ӸٳٲϴӦ飬µ㣬˵ʲôӦ£һܰ쵽˵㾿ӸʲôԻˡ
˵գŮӱץסݷٵͷϵš
ݷȻĮȻ۾ȴ˿ˮֹס
ˣΣ˰ɡһԵĸƺЩ̵
ˣܾɧ꣬ӸͻˣҲᱻƵıĵز
һ⻰װ˯οˣݷٱŮ۸룬û⣬ΪݷԼ룬޹أֵһ棬ʴ˼װ˯
Ʒһ£Ȼ˵ȫ֪ĻҲѿʵ
һΪˣҪռȹأȡֻϧµٶ̫ˣ£ҲȣûаԸ粣ò˶ߣʴˣֻܳƨɻûȣһˣ򻹵˼
ңҪĻǣû뵽精Ȼӳ죬ǣ˳ճ˳¾׿Ӿֱӳźũɱ赲ںӶı
ǰ£ճ̵£Ψһİ취ֻ·ˣŮӾȻ˵ƷģܲЦ𣡿Ůʮϲˣڼǹҵݷ٣ŮȻʹˡ
ǷŴŮԣȻݷ٣ʵεЩˣ˻ãֻϧһة˫ȫĶӣδǰ;һֻ¥Ůӣ³ΪµһݣһҤ㣡޷ıģں𱰵ǣȻǲϣ˽ϵһĻˡ
תһ룬θˣǰ̫ƽݷپûлᣬ´ңҲԼıˣȫں˵Ŀ⣬ݷΪγٳٲȥأ
ŮڶݷݷҲĬܣ˼ǵĹϵԴ˲ᣬǶͻȻһˣŮȻ䵽ӰȻûкˡ
豾˵ʵ̫ˣܾܲǿǵŮݣһһкܴôǺޣԲº˵š
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ٴλָÿ˵ﶼƽرΣҲûԺﻹ˼Ӱ롣
ҲʱһʵǱߵĹ֪
ݷ̧ۿ˶Էһۣǵͷңңͷ˵֪λ˵ʲô£
ȻǺѳģǸ˱йӣŮƲƲЦ
Ǵ⻰ֻǿһŮƺЩãȴұ¶ݷʵҼҹڵ֪
ӵ룬ūҲǺֻ˵ʾڹأūҾͲ֪ˡݷҡͷ
ڹأӰûƭҵȣֹһ䣬ҪˣڹӾЩܴ𣿡
ûڣǿһ۶ݷٺ󣬲ʵ֪ڵԼұ
ţū֪
ݷٵͷǰãǻոչ
Ŷ
΢΢һһۣ󺺱ʵˣԼұڣҪЩ׾ˣ
ЦһҪ˳ͺˣֻºӱ㽫买ˣ
һ뵽ʲôɫʱ˵ĴһۣŭӰ治Ҫ
թοǰȨˣȻҪܺϣӺúþһĪҪ˵ǹʹˣ˵꣬Ŀ
γûãݷٱߣƣûѣɵͷ£
Ҳװȥ΢΢һü㻺۾ڿݷٲ۵ľСҪװһӣݷٿסС骶СϿʹ
ҡҡͷ۾Ĵһۣװ𾪵ӣʵģ
⡭һΣݷЩε˵
ȻϷȻҪԲˣˣ˰죬ʶѵ˷һ飬һɥĶڽĨᡣ
ݷЩǸΣȻ֪ԷΪʲôץԼûϵǷԼԵϹԮ³ġ


376 һ
Բ骶С㣬㣡ݷٶߣһε
ˣȻҶûǱߺˣҲҪھˣôɡãǼһ˿Цݣοݷˡ
û£ߣ
ʱ˵ӶŮڱк߳һɨ骣̵󣬾㱻ѺҲҶôǾͲͬˣɧ꣬űЩɣ
ҪΣЩСŮӣô骾Ͳͬˣ
ǡλã˭
ңߣӸδޣ֮ŮΣŮư
һ⻰ɫ䣬ȴޱȣ
δޣȻǺ֮ŮѹˣؼûȥԷ󣬵ȻؼҲûаˣҲᰴˡ
С㡭ǰɣ骵Ц
ƺû֮Цһͷǣкιɣ˵ţŮ߰ͷִһЩķ˿
ɲҵɵһ˵һ˶ԵĻһ죬ʵȻǾŮΪαڴ˰
һʱŭŭȴǳ骣λǵˡ
ΪǸӰҪҪЮӸ磬ӸͶ
⻰δ˵꣬мͻȻһԣ۾裬һ骣źεΣ˵䡣
ǺεĹȻҲ͹ԹԵı͡
ʱˣʲôﰵһ䣬ȴɫʵĴү˭

ߵĴͻȻָ骴һλة࣬Ҫдˣ
ةˣĹģһ͵ʵƺ仰ȫûе٩˼Чɱȵ٩ضˡ
Ǵ󺺵ɫɲʱһƬѾȥŮˡ
ˣҪŮһʶ赹ǺܳסڳסҲܲ졣
٣ƥ򣬶˼ҹˣة࣡˵մةҲתͶһ´Ĵ֮࣬صС࣬ǡ˶˵ߴߣˮȻ͵ʹˣةȴԽԽͷñҲԽԽС֪ͷϣûиоͷۣԴҲСˣˣ⵹һϡ£ǧŰ
ˣ
ڳסҲܲ˵Ҳûн͵˼ΪҲ޷ʲô
ķѣעģӵӰ¶ĿʼӦ˵֮ǰ¡ûǻûսǰѾעˣ
֪ܶ࣬¡֪࣬ڵ֪һЩĻ󣬱뿪볯͢뷨Ǻ˺ة࣡
Щ룬ȻһʶŮ˵Ϊ飬Ӷ֪һֱѹ
ҪģȷΪ̫Ȼˣ˵°˭³˭ҪɥͬˣԶףѣһ⣡
ֻϣԼĶ׳ʵ˱ԼŸ˵򣬾ײҲ¶䡣
֮һ䣬ٴγĬҲֻüһûмˡ
Ȼʲô֪׵˵ԼҲֻùˣֺ˷ѿˮء
Ǹղź˵һ֣˺ܶ˼ɴ˿Բ³ӰвͶ룡Ϊʲôǡǡأ
֮ǰλڻɣӰӱһϷΪǹϵˣʵȴһѷѽ⣡С֮ͽ뷸ʱӰͻȻɱһ
ӵӪӰԣҪһ̫ˣ
ӪǴΪصĵط֪Ȼܶ࣬Ҫ˽ϸˣ˵ˣӪˣҲ˵ϸ˽⡣
ε֪Ӫǹ̶ģƺ˺ֵܶһڣʵȴһɢɳҲ˵һƬ޾ɳӪˣɳĮеˣֶϱ֪ɳĮˡ
ӰƺɳĮеޣûӪ˿¶
ݣ뵽ҩһЩС˵ܿŶΣмӪˣҪöҩӰÿһʱ䣬һĽҩЩһֱС
ǵ뷨˵ȴҡͷЦ˵һξ벻Ļ
Ҫˣҩ
仰ο˼˺ܾãŽһЩ
֮Ϊ֣ܶһ֣ҩƣҲһ֣һָΪģǾ
ʿҲģǴС㱻䣬ϴԣӶʧȥңʬĴڡ˵ЩλĹҪ磡
ڶãӪڶãٶӪʿʹ̿Լ鱨ԱķӣԳƵ綥ģÿһνӹӪˣǴҵˣҲֻȼӪĵϸ
Ϊµģ㲻֪ûӪˣ
·ʱſʼӹ¶ŵĺѡԼİŽӪԿ
ⳡΪʢʱڣմǸʱҲʮǰʱݣÿضѪʮа˾ţ޷İӣһЩȥũĴ񣬻ԼһߣʮʬҲʱʬĴţŵü򶼲ºˡ
ЩѪϡٵģ¡ǻõʱϰΪ¡Ļʵۣ
ӰӪϴܸıܶ飬ڰ½ι⣬ȶӪȨ㶫룬ӺǸֿƺûҪӱ˼ǣһ뻹˭Ӱйϵأ¡
뵽⣬ζҪЦԼɵˣӰ¡αҪŪأûӱ淴֮ģҲֱӸɳЧ£лɳˣװ׶ӼҵĽɽ
¡˭˼¡ĶӣֲӣֶҲɷѿİɡ
пȺȥͶ¡Ļˣ
ңλУ¡˳Ӻݣ¡Ⱥ󣬴λ񣬲Ѹ£֮½лϵ룬ЩˣģΪѹͲ£׳԰׺ȣ浱һһǽһ̹
ڣҪúĥЩˣֻϧᣬҲûע⵽˭ǺĪ
ҲмȽϿɵģ֮һ¡ߵܣҲӰĵܵܣǵۺΪĻӣͷ⼽̫ԭķأһֱˣĴ˼ݣֻͶֳȥ
ĺҲëҲһɵĶ
ˣҲӼˣȴԶˣ󣬲ûǰ㣬׳԰׺ȣʮ־ľĸ⣬ȷΣգΪǾ̫ˣʱл֣һҪǡ飬ɾ鷳ˣ


377 
ҹһޣοûʲôһ춼ǽ߱Ŀ
˵ӰƺԴ˲ΪĻʳܲûпǡ
ص˲ֻеһˣҪԽĴ㡣
ϧνʮι̣ڿţҪó轣ͷĻҲûС
͹úõĲһȴ֪˿׼һڵأ
ҹɫ٣ϷĸլУܻ˽ǰݷεˡ
ȣǺհͰˡһ˲˰Ѻµ
ɲǣϾյϢʱԷ֮˵һҹ䱸ɭϣϲ뿪סȥˣҲȥ¥ˣһ˿Ц
ˣȻˣү㱨ɡǰ˵ĺ˵꣬ߺһʱһ˴Ӳ˽˺󣬱ֱ˵үȥˡ
ʲôĪм£
ȷܼ˵ԼҵϾҪˣ
Ŷѹˣ߸Ϲȥ֪ү˿̵ˣ
Ҳ֪үֻĸˣȥĺܴæǸʰ
ȣ²˳ˡ
һԣƺ뵽ʲôٺһЦˣץһŮ𣡲硭
ף㲻˵ҵˣ
ǺǣݷүӣãһүǿҺʮһ⣬СŮˣ˭Ҷ
ߣСӺɫԣҲ֪Ĳץû꣬ȾҲûⱾˣ
һ⻰˶Цܿ죬˭ȿˣ
ηһ£ȸоθﲻ͹ĹĺҪ˭룬һߵ⣬һԿףһ߻̲סץץɣﻹֵॵ˭㣬ģԣˣ㣬ɡ
骾㵵ĿźˣŤͷ˿λŮӣǶ㶵Լ
Ҿ˵ǲҶΣǡߣһֻĿ骡
һ˵ƺŻȻ򰡣ʱϸֶĵı飬ҡͷҲȥ
ʲôأ졭
ЩջҹݷʱѾЩˣǼΪԸΪŮӦúͺһ˭֪ԭǸѾߴģүҪģ骣ֻͨŮӣⲻоί̫ˣȻ
ҿڼ䣬ҪɫҲߣ
ֹһ䣬骻ηηһǣǸѾ߻һԣ˰һֱ߽η
ʲôҪ
⻰ɲ˵ģȻҲﲻȵز˵⻰ģֻݷˡ
ݷٱסԼһȻ̻ţεЩжѾŮˣʵҲͦ˳ˣҲ㵱ûа׾ֻ뵽Լı٣Ҫ˸Сӣĵ׿Щˡ
һǵûᣬҲں˼ˣϽװһܾСõģսսģ촽ˡ
Щֳ嵶ֱŮǰŵݷٺɫ԰һƬ
͸ҳ򡭡
˵ţ˻һ嵶õϵĺһһģˡ
骶С㣬£Ҫȥ˺ģ
ݷ˵ţıס骣ĸܵݷΪ֮˵Ŀֻš
Ҫ˺Ҹߣݷٹ

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ӻ°ūҪһо㣬ȻȻЦգ۾
ݷٸоЩˣ̫ˣһĳ嶯
һǼˣԣ骶СһǷˣ
ݷҰοԼ˶޷ţοء
ˣǱ£ˣųʵοĻݷ᲻֪һۺκ󣬲ûзʲôֻǴĿ⡣
ˣԴ˸ûᣬ·֮ǰûпһ㡣
˿̣֮⣬骱һ·⣬Žɿ̲סӿɣһģ뵽ղűץס֣룺ѾĲʲôɣУҵϴϴ
ݲҪϴˣΪܿͱתˣҹҩ۵ĺߡ
λС㣬ʶľ͹ԹҷԸȥ֪骱˴һֱ᷿ߵߣͷЦ
Ҳ֪ҪʲôҪʲôװһģƫͷŤ
ҿС㷢˿ӣδ٣֪С㻹δ˼ң͵ǺϡģͷģѼҲȻС˶ǿϧˣ
ġﰵһ䣬ȴλӾҪ֮ɷȥˣҵѾߣǶѰҵŮӣû鷸ƣǹҪǮҲӦ֪ͨҼ˲ǰ
ҪǮߣ
һЦ뿪ǲУֻҪĸԸĴңұȥ
˵Ļᵱ氡˿ʲôζĺܰ骣ʮа˾ڽˣֻһα
书ӣʵβ֪ȻֱӶ֣Ҫһᡣ
ǻʲôЩɣһҪ뿪һϲ
ߺˣ
һЦͻȻһ۷һƣһʱ¶һĳһ
ѽ
˵ˣΣҲûмȳ氡ǲٵģѹɤŮӾֵļС
ʲôҪʶģ˵ˣûⶫҲû㣬ɣү
үҪʲô
ҡ
ЦȻѸ㣬ҲΪѸ㣬Щŵ˸ûеζ
ҳ㳢ⶫ𣬹ţУƷﴵѣܿܳζˣᰮɷأ
ҡͷԵ˵꣬󻹲һˣĪݣҪˣɾҲûȥˣ
ˣⱻƷζδܹȻҪһˣܣ
Ѿģȥɣ
ݺݵգսϥһ䣬ͻȻվüͷһ壬ʵôԸ⣿

ҡͷָСԶЩʱܣɷҽ⿪
ǣߺߣ
˵ߣβһΪһĪǿʲôʱͻȻ˺ٺһЦȻǵʱأҪҲãǻʲôЩɣ
ɣ
骰һһͻȻƺһվȣֱװ˵ĻУ˴˴ϰԵһűоһֻסʺȻ󣬱ؿһһɹᴩʹϯǻʺסֻܷʵ
ֱǰ˶ûףԷһѽأ


378 ǹ
ѽӡҪʹĺʹס֣ԣסǼһˣĺ۰
ڣԼԼ⣬ݴ
ҵιܲ˰Ÿ̫˰ɣ
Уʲôң١
Ǹץɵĺҧгݵ˵꣬ԼĿɣҡͷյ̾ǺԺǸǣвҽӿͣӣȣ
ԱԳĺ˺ٺһЦѰ³ʱ򣬸̣浽һʱȻٲһݣ͹ԹԵŰɣ
ץɵĺһΰֻʩʩȻ뿪ˣⱥ䣬ֵܵĳ棬ʵ޷ܰ
ߺ󲻾ã˿ڣλߺ䡱û꣬лæŲͣѱɱĺ˰ȹϺ˵·ˮԣϴһжװһߡߺ䡱һ߽ԽѹԽͣӶűߡ
͸ɴܿӰӦǵһڵļһһͳ轣ǸӰȻһ£ȴûֱӴ̹ȥһû˳ɾ鷳ˡ
⸮լﵽжٺ֪أݾߵ룬ȥ
һȻһϵĺţãóҩۡ
Уǽҩأ
ֹһ䣬μڲƤƶСҩ裬ҩڵģҲ֪ʲôƣŵǼһ£ʮִ̱ǣѬζЩƣҲԵĶ
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˵գͬʱ֣ƺûڣûжӣȭβҵһ䣬һʡ
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ӣɲʱá硱켸ͥԺ
ʲôˣ˳һԺ˴ֺ󣬶һʵ
û뵽һ˿죬ֱҲûŪΪʲôֻ˵һŽү˾ͳأѵʲô
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ȻҲмʶһͬ˿ں󣬱ʲô
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һ⻰ĺ˲ɰԼһ󣬸ϽΡ
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ֻšѡһżȻֻ΢΢һûбһŸ߷ˡ
ұԺǴΪ̵ģҪŶӣֱǳ˵Σĺ˼һĻǹЦǱƭĺҲһΪСӸˣԺүؽģʮι̣ˣҲҪˣ
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ﻹҶԷɣת嵽ǰţֱ˳ȥ
ӵǰȻֻ˿ˣûоɥǴһƸʢ׷˳ȥǲʬǾưոˣ


379 ̲
ڣݷڽĿ⣬ͻȻһ죬ȻСȴĴ˶С
淢ʲôˣߵĴͻȻ
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ݷܽţ粻죬죬ƫƫ뿪󣬲Īйأ
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ϸôܣ˵ģǸϲץɵĺˡ
ҲǸϹȥˣ㿴صΣ
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ţ˸ѾȥˣҵֻҪõΣвԾ뿪Ƭ̲ܵ鰡
Ще˶ɻ󲻽⣬ر裬ӰĽթʮϤ˵ͨˣҲ鲻ϸǺηʥأ
Ҫתǣ⵹ǰһԺ˼Բߣ
Ȼ֪ӰɱֻĿǰսƽǵһҪˣ
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ݷҲ㱿ܿ뵽ܣǲ´ˣǱƲѰʱ̣϶ԷҲǸ֣ðȻʮа˾ƨˡ


УһĽֵϣͻȻˣϽɢ·ǰ֣ɽѪˮѵֱۣŵûڽСڰ̯С·ֵˣ׷׾ֵӴһʱײƷɣҺֹ
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Ȼһڣû˵أǾٱüЦǺǣλСϵܣ֪ӵϳںδ


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ΪԼҪĳ̶ȣѾ޵ˣڿֻԶƤëСˣ
Ǻεı飬Ѿ֤ˣҪ֪Ǹլ䣡
˵ǲ˵
˵ˣһɾûʲô½ڶԷˣԷǷƾ໥˳ۣ
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źһ˵αһϸһۺ˺󣬲ŷһﲻǸϲץɵĵ
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ҡ̫ϻʰӪ̽ӰҵġԽ˵Խƺóʲôָոϣһ٣ͷ­һᣬ۾ˡ


389 ֮ң壩
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ҫǱߵǼΪȻѪѾˣҲֻǲѣЩǴСѵĺˣʵҪһҪϺҵľŻԷҪںˡ
οһǰ֧ŵĺˣ²һͬ鶼ˣΪβأѵΪ˸λ뿪Ͳһеʱ䣬Ҳν
ԲʿʿûʲôԵؾ壬ǸֻóǼһһǹ
ͬһʱ䣬»ҲþҫսĺˣȻûϵǻɱͷһܣҫۼֿ죬һֱԷžʱҲ֣׼ܵŵ㣬°
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⼸ս಻ϣǴ񣬰ѽɽ׵ģԭʹˡ
ʵҲǴƲѵģӼΪȽɽɱҳٶ꣬ŪĺΣΪӼҶԿԼķ٣ҡؼңҲ֣ȥر㽫಻ʱΪ˻ȥȻһũ壬֮Ҫã˭Ԥϣ
ˣڱһɹأڿ϶翴ϷһսϣʲôʱͣˣۿҪͣˣ׼Ǿˣ
ֱ磬˲Ÿϵ˻ʹ⣬ԽյĹţΡĹǽ˫üһȥȻˣҲнأҪ֧Ԯ
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뷨ǺõģҪȴѣر붫ֺ⼸ĹǺѽģҪ㹻ĺôͬʱҲҪöԷ֪ԼҲúǵģ̸ɡ
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Ȼ˵Ҫ˻һվҪģҲ˧ȥȥ޻ˡ
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ҪʹԼҪݣƺɣ˫ȴǸƺ¶ԷͻȻһ
⣬ͳ򣬾սȻޱ飬ȴֻ⽹ķ򣬲սϣսеˣȻ֪๫һĿǿˣ
ȫ׼ؾ˾ӻʹʱȫһ£Եľʦ³ʢ΢΢һЦһ룺Ƚǣȴû˵ȽʹҲ㾡ְ˰ɣ


390 ֮ң
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òҲҪȡݵģģ


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392 ֮ңˣ
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ڶð̣ȫõģֻҪŪһСְֽνűԽɢϣȻɢӰˣֻζȷ죬ҲҪԷľжˡ
ֶֻε֮һβָһܳɹڴ֮ǰлǹأ


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ӰʱҪЮңⲻ֪ҵȵľᣡҿ治ǿҲнڹ
ŵĲ״Ҽˣð޴ҲȷˣǣܿܣĵĿǰֲգ
һһû˵꣬ͳȻȼ֮ǴŮֱϲΪһ˧ȴϲܵǰɱУƺڸˣûʹӮһֱ޴
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393 ֮ңţ
ҸڵǰľվȽŸʱһ潫Ԫ˧粹ˣ
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Цһʹ֮Ҫһˡ
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գҪһԵ³ʢӺƳͷԣֹԪ˧ɰһģδ˽ԹѺһλأﰡ
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Ϊ׵ĺ˳嵽һѮǰûзµӰ
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ʯϲҷ϶ĺܺãԿһˡ
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ΪӼףΪǳ¡ǾӺٺãֻҪһô̽ľ档
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СƽϣȻһЦ˿粣еӺݵһˣȻ˫벻Ȼ˵أ㣬ɲҪһΪҪɱޣͱţֻлŲɱޣ
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޿Ҫúùһ͢ˣ¹һЦ㳯ȥ
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뵽λ±Ԫ˧ΪԼǲԼˬĶ־ưɣ
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397 ʹڶ
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398 ʹڶģ
ĴһƬû˿ƺҲûУղž޴ıը𵴵òγԱȣװڴСƷӼϵ䣬һŲ̃ԽɢԽ㣬ͬʱҲϡԼɼ
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ڵ˫ֻѪˮűһȫս׻űʵʵĻУҲҪȼѪ
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˵ͷǺӲǶ˵ȴǼΪĵطű粷һ飬粰;о㵣һȻűоԺհһƬУƮƮ졣
䣬űɿ粵Ľż⣬ͬʱ粵ıҲڵʱظЩƣʮܣⱾӦ壬ڿ컨µ˺һʱ䵹ˣһײŰѣ֪ڻһС
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ڣűվ粵أֻܿűıԼ粵ͷһǹű˴Ŀ꣬ǰ粸ͷôҲԴӷϣˮ˶Աһ㣬һһͷڵذˡ
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399 ʹڶ壩
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һαһӻھ滹ԶʱͻȻɱ˹һѰս׼ƨɣŵһУһ̵ȥٶȣȻȻʱҪ˼֡

ͻȻ粽һ
׵ˣȻЩѽ⣬Ҳֻд̵ˣⲻ֪๫
ȹܺɣűѾŭòУ±ըƨɣĲˣղֱûǹһֻ֣ȳޣѾɱ˾ܽˡ
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һǻǹˣŤͷɨһ粵ķͷһ۷ӱԾΣٴ˽֣ǴûУȻĿ⿴̨Եһ죬յ½
ƺűջĿ⣬￴ҲʱͻȻ˵ͷûעʱźȥ

ͻȻһӽ˾ã᲻֪ԷʵԷͻȻȣ֪Ҫɱˣ˴˿ûӭ׼Ȼһˡ
ǣ˺ʱȻǻζǹӰ֮ɢȻ趯ǹˣգգ۾ϸһʱȻ֣תͳ˵⣬üɱ赲ʵƽƽգۼ䣬ͱǹɨһƬ
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κϲҴţúܶСԸʵˣݻúܶȥֻһ竣ûж˻ӣȥֲ˼ӵĸоǺҴš
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˫ڵһһŲӰüȣ׽ֻܿһһ֪ٴδҽ֮
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ǧһ֮ʣﻢֱһ̧ǹǰǹһ˲䣬ﻢ϶ʱѳһƬѪ

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ЩɿԽԽʿ䣬һҧݣҲˮ
ԣ۾ɵùԲһŵĿŴˡ


402 ˮ
û뵽精ȻǺѼӣǺã
µĽʿѾȣǲԶû취ˣֻܳ粿Цһסһ
֪ҪʲôȻЩµҲֻΨǴˡ
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ΥͦһǻһŤͷݺݵ๫һۡ
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θоԼϢ㣬ϽӿȡһͬӳСͲˮ棬ŽСͲһͷУһںѻƬһ㣬Ĵһ

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ղŵõδӿжɹһﻹ֪һʲô㣬ȻûоܾҲС๫һա
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һʸ˸ˮУһСݣ˶Դ˲ܲˣӵǡ
˿̰ϣĽʿҲ˱¶üͷ壬֪żֻ˷Ѽʸ㳯ܵʿ˭ˮԺõģȥһ̽
ʿ䶼һۣͷƲҲһЩģҪʿ䣬Ժӣֱѵ·߳ͽ챨һһˮС
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ԽǿɽˮϵĺҶҲԽ࣬ͬʱˮ·ҲԽԽߣһҶ赲εȥ·ðȻӴЩҶƵУˮ֮ǰѾͨһ·ÿԹһǱˮȥ
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Ƭ̣α˶Բߣ˫̤ˮ粸ȥǻܣȻͷʱƫͷæҵķ˿ƺ뱻οͷʪĳ̬
ʲô̬Ǻܾûˣ߽ˮ粣Ƥ˲٣֮ǰˮεһϺй⣬ɬֱǳˮܽأ޿ޡ
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һǿΰڶһҪ˷ڰĿ־壬һ滹ҪԺ·ߣʮͻȻо粱סԽԽпڲʣȻ֪ѰȫУֻǻˣϢˡ
ܶЩҲ޷ͷֻܽǰϣȥŴ˶ɾˡ
εļ£һӣãȴûиоȱҲûио֣Ϊ֪ǰƹ֮Чˣǵ淨һ̶ȣԱܾãԱٹȣֻѧ̫ǳòţˣҲǳܼġ
ھ˳ӵǱˮγܶ˺ڰ˹
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θоԼ澭˺üͣһͻȻ뵽Żûˮ粻СӤ㽫ͷϣ˫Ŀ˯
ǰɣ
һɲţһˮ˯ˣôΨһĿܣȱϢµԣʱѣܿҪġ
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нţһ粵ʱ粱۾
һ粸ˮ棬ϰԵĿһݵô졣
⻹죡ҡͷЦһһۣԺӺܾƺûˣ¾ˮرߵȺ
εתһΣֱۿ粸ʵ˫£һӰȤ
ٴα๫Ϯأһһڳ粵ɫʱͺˣˮȽԼصߣֻ๫ε˰ߣźݺĿ֣Լ˰


403 
һϰ㿴粻ʪģʪ͸µϣɽ͹ֵĸ߲ʣƺͦĺۼ̲ס̿ˮ
ƺĿ⣬ŭתԼȻһ£εĿ㲻һƣʪ͸ĳ㣬粵ΰյøӻԲ̣ͦԵϸ䣬ȱֱ޳ǡô
ҰҰ죬ƺͷݺݵһۣŽĿ⿴һԵĻԣĻݳüߣһ档
֪ȥʲôٺһЦֱӾ͵·šɡ
Զ£ƺûпⳡ棬ѾһĿѰ٣鿴Ƿʿ俿
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οûôõṦȻҲȥȴûǾĿΣһʱŸ˽ȥ
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͸ɸ磡ȴͻȻˣһˣһֹһΣ㵱ʲôЦһҪҶŸˣѷΪУҲŹ
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⻰ʱŭˣѾԾںѵѾԼΪ֮СǺúĥһ٣
ףȻָָٴסһ⣬ʼʮȴת۵һ࣬ͬҲһλɫ˶Ǳݷ١
ȻǼӣѾˣҲһѰŮӣϣ๫ҪңҪͼӴף˵һЩе롣
ղŻһڣ֪ԼЩʧ̬ˣݷϻ˶ǮȴֻС֣ݷڱҮץסʱܵĶԴǸ˿¾вͬѰĸɣ
֮ǰݷٿ֪Ҫ͸ɸ磬Ըұ֤Է赣ˣһЩ黹ͷ֮ȥ⸸˵ĻҪʱ̣ݷٶ
Ȼݷٻ֣ŮǸƺЩøУԷΪʲôһٶķŵҲ˼룬ֻվһ˵ĽǶȣǵζǿݷ٣Ӷգͬ󣬲Žߣ
Ǹ
ͻȻ˱֮ݷʩһ񣬶ָɷģƵˣ˵֪Ȼ㣬ҸȴûشҪһ𣬱ҪҸһأ뵽εһЩ飬һһʮĺ˵һˣ϶Ͽ㣬Ҳ˳ĽȢţ
˭Σĺ˧òӢ˵ǸǿԴ׳ߴʧţر̸Цʱ湫ӵȣҪڻ¥˷ֻϸһֵҤǣСĸζҪȥˣԻѣǮţһޡ
˵Ϸ壬Ҥ㶼סջ󣬺οŮأ
˧ʵڣȴʵãڣѾۣ˵˵ʵڻɱǳɱ
ݷЩ뷽跨ֺ裬֪ε룬ҲҪӸ;ȥ˽⣬һһ֪δȡĻġ
ڵӺݣӺݵܣ󼸾ۣصʼѾε䡣
Щ꣬ȷ˵ûлŰ⣬ǾǼٻڣо⣬ĨȥˣΪҲûˡ
ǵ£Լ飬Ī˵Ҳ֪ںη˭Ӵ֪Ҳ㣬Ϊж
һݷ⻰ٴ粵ĴݲУұĲλϵطʹ۵ָܺ޷˽Ⱑ
ɫٴαˣһΣ֮ǰʱ֣
ҵˣξʲôõģӷӴ죬ȻͽС浽÷֮Ժ󣬻λԪ˧ˣڿ˵Լ๫ǵǲ̨竣ÿ˵һϲڵҲǶ飬Լֲ˰ɣ
Ȳ˵ݷԻηӦΪûпˣʱ㽫Ŀ⿴ҪģǾ䡰һϲʱһ֡
粲֪ʲôطһӣһͷһ͸СƺεĿ⣬Ťͷ๫üһӺǵ⣬ƺ˵뷢쭰ϧûᣡҿµˮ©˰
ɪ
һ۲ʱݷƺͨˣ򶨶Ȼ˵ûʲô£뿪
Ҫߣȥģʵ
ݷҪתͣͻȻ뵽ʲôͣ½Ų˵ǻضˣԱҲչС㣬ȴˣҼҪһС㣬ûʱУûʲôϸ𣬷Ϊεĳ֣Ĳҵȫûˡ
ȻݷٵĻԣȻǣ
Ǻã㡣
˵ţߵ·ڣк׳⼸׳ĿⲻȫݷϣٺٵЦӦ䣬Żݷ뿪
СҪˣͻȻζߵ
˵ɶŶ
εһ䴨ǻһɫϹҿˣ
˭Ű
СŮ״ƲƲ죬ӷŵߵϣűһǣһɵˣӵʱ̫ã׼ȥˡ
㣿
δ˴Ƭ̲Żعʵͻƣ
Ȼ๫׸Ϊҳȥ𣡡
⡭ڲǺ𣡡Щε
๫Ȼˣ
ͻȻһЦսСһڣЦΪҪ뿪ٲҪ๫һˣ
⡭
֪ܲڵ𣬵ˣҲܲӦҲûɵ㣬Ǳ㻰һתͷ粵½˵㣡
粲๫ĿԴһͣŷΪս๫ѹǰŵ״½΢΢Ϊ֮ǰʪĶǶ£㽫ѵˣڳ½¶ɫıŹУһΪ֮֡
ǰ粿϶Ҫһ½󣬿ڣȴο˺ܾãЦÿ𣡡
ÿ
𣿡
ûأǵ
๫å״ûǾͿ㣬ҪȻС˿ɾˣ
治֪СǾզˣǰҪԼȥŮˣٲһᣬڣֻûһƲأʹԼȥɻ£⻹


405 ղٵ
֪ԼһжӦõģ粿Ͳͬˣϲ̣ΪСͱսϵ֪ʶɹ֣үү븸ͳУռλƣûиоѪȣûиеɱֻ㽣ռҵ汲Ϊ˴߽̫ƽѪҲ۳ɳĸ׵Ȱ裬ѧϰ֪ʶ
ڵŮսҪ˳ЦģҲͬɷҲҪ˳ЦرǶ֪һʲôɫʱٲֵ
ˣλȥˣǣ精һɱ˻๫úþ۾ۣȴӷ࣬һʱЩ֪룬ǱµĴͻ飬Ѿ췹޿κΡ
º粱ٴ๫Ӻݲã뿪԰Ȼȥ֮󣬲֪ܰ
´ңѾɲˣֻ뾡취ĿЩսڼ䣬๫ܶ࣬Զǹɽڣڰ˺֪ܶ룬ȴٰܴæأȴˣھθӵˣҶһء
ڣٴο๫û˵ʲô֮ǼԼΧ֮ǰˮ๫һ粶֪ˡ
๫㵵Ŀ⣬˺죬ЦôˣΪ޲ÿ𣿡
ǲǡֻǣҺǷѽ⡭ҡͷ
ȻΪ޲ϲǸݷٵŮӣ๫ϲ
Ҳϲ
οɲɵ˼Ҹһ棬ͳճյĸأ
粱⻰һ£ȴŭϲȻϲҲֻȥȫκϲõġ
Ϊ޵Ȼ๫ȥĵģŮҲǿˣȥɣҪЩ˸ˣϧ
ף粲Ҫݷ٣ΪŮӵŴˣߵı⵵£֮⣬ûκ˽顣
ӦòЩĵֶΰɣЩŵΪһоŮӣҲɲģҲû񾭲һŮ˶ԣпޣݷ뿪أ
ƺǿɵһĿ๫ȷĲ󣬲ҡͷһ̾๫֪Ȼ㼸ݷ٣ӣ˭ΪرˣرСۣԼȥ֤һûб۵Ůӣ
⻰
һ֣ϸһƺҲ£Ȼ棬ҲʲôöΪʶҲʲôͣԼ̫ˣعһУƺһߣŮˣҪ赣˵Գһ£ݷٵûûԼɶˡ߱ˣ
ȻҲҸϸˣȥһδЩ˰ɣݷעˣֺοȥЩķء
Уȥ˳ִһȡ뿪ʹĻᣬ˵⣬ͻȻٺһЦȥҪӰ
ֱ׵ֱ׵Ļʱڵһ£ͨ죬ɬĵͷӦһ
κٺһЦתҪ߳䣬ͻȻ½Ǳץסδ˴ΪĪŴ鶯ˣҪ
ܿ죬α֪Լ뷨ˣͬʱҲӻϲˣΪߵ󣬽ıסŸʶˬԴһ㱣粵һҪƽƽĻؼңʱ㡭һСӣ
仰͹ˣ
ν⿪֣תΪʪԵøӽɬĿģͷٴǹһƣٺһЦˣһֱ㣬˽ʱε𣿡
˵ʲô
֮ǰǽ绨̬תۼͱһ꺮
ᣡ
ƺԷûףȻ͵ΪֻҵҡһҡӣһҲУҳ£ĺܺ氡

ͻȻȭͷŵһ̾ŶתۼûӰˡ
精ȭͷƵķ£һ̾תڴץһ˺ɲϵ䣬¶͹µİԵģһƬɫ
˫һ£˵ҡͷһ̾뵽֮ǰ๫ɫԵģݸһЦոоµŶƺԽԽ˳ۣ๫һο֮ǰҪ
һȦȦİǰȻķסɫķڱսʱƺ뼫ѣ±粷˺ôľ羭һⲫս㣬󿰿ȡʤ£оûʲôףŴ·赲˽
Ȼ֪ΪԼһ뿪һĶǣѪĻ棬Ҫһ䣺ˣΪϵɣ
ˣղݷٱ׳Ǹ򡣡ͻȻߣָһ˵
ţȥСĽ䱸ܣ˵ţֱȣԾ߶èǱС
ʱ˳һƬУƺǻʺ߹޹޽üݻĽʿ·˵غѾǧٿףڷ鱦ѾյΨһ𽴲ʱı
Ҫʲô
ڣݷٵ
ݷôǽǲòӰԡʹǰɣ
ݷڱǿѾ֪֪˶Դ󣬶ǵöԷϲΣҲûʲôԷ飬Ҳھϣһ
˭֪˾ȻĵֶΣ׳
ݷıһƬҲһƬ˪ȱû˵ʲôΪ֪ԼҲǺôģ統ʲôҲû˷йˣ뿪ûȥƽƽӡ
ֻЩźԼƴΪסӣȴˣⲻò˵һʮ̵ַ飬һƬңĬĬı۾׼˵ĸݲС
ǵãҲû˴һ£ݷЩɻ󣬲Щ˻ҪʲôĪ̸˵أѾԻϲ붴
ҪݷٸоĸҲˡ
۾Ȼ˸ûпҲȻûʲôԣôڿʲôأ
ż󺺵Ŀ˹ȥʱݷɻı飬˲ͱ˴͡
֪ʱһˣҲһˣ˵òݷޱȵϤΪԼܱӵ񣬿ղûЩۡ
ݷٳԾĲΪʲôʲô
һģģģĶ
ʮԳţʮϣһ׹㲥٣վȻεķ֣û˳һ١
һĨͷˮһNɪĿŵڵĸ׳һ̣ղٵ𣿡


406 һ
ΪԼղŵΪӦúǷᣬʧˣ׳ݷ٣ƺɵһĿ
⡭
ͷЩ˼˭иֵģ
ķӣһ׳һ
Ӧһ׳ɨһϵĺº
˭˵ȿڵ׳ЦһͻȻζȥ
ԷȻҳֿȭĹεȻһЦֱһ̧ʱһѻǹֱָϮ׳
ǹ
׳һ֮һ˲Աһˣſڵء
Ҫ֪ʲôҲǹ˵ţ׳۶˰
Ȼеǹ첢ûзֻšǣһھе׳㿴ԴĻǹüֹѵǸղˮʱŪʪˣ
ļһºβƵķֻǹȷʪˣȻѾֽϾˮʱ̫ˣʯӵ߶Ѿʪˡ
¿ɲˣ
ɫһףԵڵص׳ɭȻЦСҿ㻹ʲôͣ
⡭磬𰡣ǹһǸ
𣡺Ǻǣж첲˵ɣ׳˵ţһ˱ϮΡ
ɫһ䣬һĨʱ׳ѾϮǰ´󾪣ҪȴΪʱӡ
һ뻳׳ܣ˦ּ䣬޽轣׳Ҹ´һߣֱϮ׳С۶ȥ׳鼱֮£ֱһӣҪС۱նա
轣Ȼ޷ն˵ĸ첲ÿ˵ֱۣСۣͷȽϸҲȽϴ轣ķ轣һСһ䡱׾նϡ
׳ĸ첲ֱСȣͷֱ̧ۣε轣ƵֻʩչһУ׳ֱ۶ն
轣ΪҶնһУΪ˿һУûٷ뻢ڵƤĨʮ㣬۵ղסˣһϢմ£ֻп֧ţ֮ϼҲϰˡ
ǹ򲻸ˣһɣζо𾪡
ʲôʱܽһҲɣ޵ˣ˷ܵ뵽
ʵ֪һ轣ԵһУûʮĿˡ
轣ʽֽ࣬һ䡢ءҶնӰһ׷ֻֽ꣬һУΪһߺ족
ֽûнݾߣֻ轣һϰ̽ʱԽԽǿֽݾģϧմ磬ûȫݾϰţֻпմͽ̵ϰ·ȥ
Ŀڳ˳ɹζĽвηηǸ죬
նֱ۵׳ڲҽУδһɣֻգɲǼ䣬֮ǰŵ轣ͻȻñֱĴ׳ʺһߺ˺ۡ
ͬ鱻ɱ˶Ǿŭӣһ׳ȥΪͬ鱨ʱͻȻһץסҡҡͷղŽ˵ˣǿʹСǹ꣬
Īǽ˵ıǴˣ׳һº𾪵
Ӧôˣ
ǻʲôһϣ£
ɣû˵ĽûбȥҲٽ˹
ã
׳ϣʱ˱ɢֱǰ˳ȥ
ʣµһ׳ɨһͬʬ壬ؿε㾿ʲôˣ
οǵľٶȻ֪ҪȥʲôˣҪʱ䣬ƽʱȻ˵ǰ󺺣Ҫ£ȻҪһˡ
ιһЦҪҪգ죡
죡
׳ֹһ䣬ͻȻоЩԾŭ󵨣ةҡײƭ
μԷӦ˿죬֫ͷԼ֮ˣƭˣɴҲԷˣŤͷݷٵ˵ɣСӣôţذҷ㣬ɲСӵġ
ݷټξȻƲ׳Լ˵΢΢һ㶣ָȻɫǷһˣūлˡ
ݷȻ֪Ϊγ⣬ӦǷԼѣԲųȣĸмݷҲ֪αֻȿͷл
ô򵥣β
⻰ݷ΢һ㵣ɻǡϣūα
뵽žڸҲҵ٩ݷˣҡҡͷˣɡ
ݷԸӴˣδѯʣ׳ͻȻȵ˰ɣģҲڰ
һЦݷٵСˣ׼ץˣ

ݷһʶԶ׳ɾ롣
׳ȴݷ٣εˣȻˣ
ΣЦʵ
Ȼ֪ˣ׳һЦƺһжƿ֮С
ʱҲˣͻȻһָ컨壬͵
ʲô
׳ݷٶǴ󾪣ͷ컨忴ȥȻ֮ϺӰ󰡡
㾹ҡ
׳Ҫһͷ㿴Ŵ󳨣Ѿʧˡ
Сӣ
׳ӶԷİҪˣȻͼˣϽ׷ţ㿴εӰһ˳ȥѽѽĴмæ׷ϡ
תۼ䣬ֻʣݷһˣ㶵Ĵ컨ջĿ⣬ſյƺһֱŵһ˳һͿԵ𽴲ߡ
һ̣ƺſʼ䣬ԷѵӣǸʱǶôĿ뿪طʼһ˶ֺˣӢʣŷȸģ㿪ʼϣõô뿪طǱ㿪ʼӦЩԼһ棬Ҳ޹Ĺٻº͸̡
͵ԼӺʱǸͷʱһգֱȥˣˣ벻պξĴˣ
Σݷ̫ˣһ۱֪Ǵٹ˵ãǺŸ̵Ķӣȷû´ԷǷ⽮ʹĶӡ
ΪõίȫӦߣĹצͣԼС֡
뵽εϷԼĶͷݷٱ㲻ЦˣջεľٶһĳԣϾû˸Ҷκǰһɫ޵һ棬ֻ̫˧ȵʻȻɣЩȫһ
ݷҲȻˣٺõˣҲδؾǺõģ
뵽μ뿪ʱµĻݷٲüͷһ壬ﲻɰһ䡰һ
ץ𽴲ϵıϣݷټȻڲ֪˯ˣ⼸̫ˣΪСһûϢһҲû˯ù쾭̫࣬һֱ񾭣˲ˡ


407 ƾͼ
ΪɹʱͻȻһͿأé˴ֽһƵУҪʵĶһѡ
֪ͬģƺҲ֪
յγֵϢȫ׽ã
Ϊδ̫࣬ƿУΪû˻ע±ҵĽ֡
ܵӺɽһսͳʮĸ̩飬ǰڴ˫⣬̩鲻ˣˣע⵽Ρ
ȻûͳûСӸ߿ˣΪĻǹǴģͬԶ˵ǻۣƺΪսģȻͳ̣Ǳȱµ
Ľʿû˳ֵıսɲһˡ
ǹµһСҲܰһָɵȻģ󵱳Ҳš
֮ӵȥ粣;б֣һ·׷ɱ£ʧʱΪһѾˣϾʱѩգһеˣǺѴġ
û꣬һֱĳˣһ֣˴ЩԼ
գԾĻ£ý£ӶͻϮԷҲ֪һֱһȫҵڶģĽ᲻֣
ˣȴǽϮɱģǱĪըģ뵽ʱڵȻỳɵһֱڷϵΣΪ˭ܸɳ飿
ʵڶں£Ϊҿ϶û뿪ʹ뿪ˣôԼģըˣҲֻԼˣ
뵽ǲԼԺӣǲǶˣͨӶЩҷƨɣ򱣲׼ءһ£һ£
ɷϣȷӰˣ˭±ըɵĲ¶δܳһʱӰɣ
ԣһղһ޷ġ
Ҫɱ
գоԸƻСӣƺȥĽʿ֣ͬʱԼҲԸ˹ȥ
֪Լɵȵز֪Ҳֻ΢΢һЦøʲôʲô
ɣ
β˲ǵѪµʬҡҡͷ
ղţô׷׳ȻǸ֣Ҷкļ汸ڹսǴԷʱ׳ȻͷȻǶԷ³СӶΧǽ
ʱ鼱֮£ֻ˵˦ۻӽȴûע⵽Էеһľݺݶһؿڣ۵оڷӿԼ󣬸Ѫȳˡ
ͬʱ׳ҲһдȣڽεĴУ·磬űɱġ
ЩСԺõ㣡
뵽Էгǹ֣ղһǼ򵥵ȵѪܶɹġ
ѣѣҪŹκһԲ˵ĵطͻȻǽڶ洫һȣĽŲζСڡ
˺ǽڶĵйһĿɨһܣһԺС
󹬵Ժӣ԰ټƣÿԺдСݳ޺װҲм£ԺӵĹ죬ܿʲôӣߵòó裬ʵ£λʵ۵С檼Ҳ޷ƬʹԺסµͥԺƺҲû˴Ӳݴ乬
θոһӲݺͥԺ㷢һݶϣһµĸߴӰһֱһŮӲƬݶ¡
ôˣοﱧŵŮӺü
˲˵𣿡⺺ӣȻˣ֮ǰǶ뿪Ż𣬲ڷһŮԣײײĳʱһ㶣Ҳǿбһ·Լõĵص㡣
ſң
˵Ůӣݷ٣ղŸո˯ű㱻̸޹ˣ֮ӳţֱײǰ£ҲûעЩ죬ڱԷǿбݷһ·µֱ۾ģֺҲֻһ·޿ıǰ
ݷ滨ףûɶղŲ㱻ǿˣҲûޣ㵹ϲ
ʵǵѾĿ̫󣬰ЩɾͲˡ
ݷȴһ㺬壬ʱɫһ£Ҳ֪ɿģˣȻѳһĨµȥˮۼƵ˵ȻңҲң˭ϲ˶ǿ
Ű񰡣
˵ʲô
ݷƺûεĻҲͣͷ˵ϽģжԶܶԶҸҪȻѹܾûˡ
ݷԣֵû뿪ƺ֪һŮǸӲʹˣΨһĿԣǸһ
ݷһ˫üһ㲻Ϊܴȥɣ
š
ݷپȻʮָɴĵͷūҿ˰뿪˵ء
һţ룬Ӷû취뿪οǴأԼָŴ˳ȥ󣬴ɱԼΧء
ݷȻˣҲȸ߶ȻܣǿǹϵԼŵԼץˣĥҲҲ˵˰ɣһƤ֮أȻԼֱ˵ĸǣԼ治֪
αִ󣬵ƺһЩ飬󿴵ͣ½Ųü
һͣɻô˽
ѻûãԼ𺣣
ղεϢһʱ˻һʮּɵˡ
ղųǰģλ˭ͻȻתһ׳
һ׳ʵ
ã
üһٷԸʿ룬ʹеĴСڣû˭Ҳܳȥ
ǣ
ڽʿûѯΪʲôʮָɴɢȥ
һһʬԣվһҾС
СüΪ£ɫļֳ˽СɫʱüͷһľףǸ߸ؿڣƺڼС⣬ƾСʹҲԴȥСû취ˣֻнľߵϸжϣŽľ˽ȥϵϸֻǸʵظȻû취ڡ
⡭Ȼܰ£
Сյҡҡͷһ۹̵ĵʰϵĳǹǹǰҪֱ۵סʮЭȴּװͻء
ƺССΪոܵڻ𼱻ǵǽȥȻûһע⵽һ԰ò쳣ĺ˧СǵУ


408 ˵
½ýӰһƬϴ󣬲ͣ鿴ܵʱٴλصӲԺִ˲ڣһüԺһǵݷƺ
ô£ѵ˳ˣ
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˼ʱӦǹеˣŹû·棬ٹҲ٣־ƺǮ뷨
ţҵȷģϾŹԱµģҿɼ˵ɱʱŸɣʮֲǰ
ѵҪԥݣ־ߵ
֮ӦҪԼ󣬻룬Ƕ򲻵ãʧأرκһ
ȣ
־ҡͷһ̾ĹҲ֪Ǳ¡ȥˣѵĿųЦ𣡡
ĳ˾˭ֻܵŹ֤ˣ
ðɣҵȱȺգʱŹû·棬ұһս
־˱ʹ׳ҵĻǮƿԣ־ϣʱһĵģȻ²Żᰲһ໥໥໥ල
񣬱ֻһͷڻǮͻȻٴ档
ڿŽʿ˵³ʢͻȻܵͣٵϢ˲󣬾Ȼ֪ˣ
̫ͻȻ³ʢ֪ϲǱ
𾪵ģĪˣΪһƺѾһ˲ˣ
ִδ֪ɰĸ߾һƨ
ɺɺϣ߾ȻһЦʮǫ
ǽƾηչҪ֪ΪҲϵá

߾΢΢һ٣Ŀ⿴ʹŨüһҲ޷Ԥˣ


412 
ʸʣη轣£ֵ´룬㴩ӰļʸҲֻǴбб̹δ˵ֺԵװ꣬ƺûôõˡ

ҽһʵظ϶һ֧ʸҡҡλεһӣűϣ봭Ϣ磬ƺ
꣬˵
Ǹ硭
ǽ˵𡣡
ҵˣ˵𡭡

ξĿǽǵװ꣬һֻѹס߸ؿڣһץס˲ļʸ
Բסˡ
û¸硭ҪˣҪΰɡ
һɾĿװһۣҡҡͷ̾˿Ҳˡ
硭ѵ㻹Ҫ
ҪĴͷ
û˵ţͻȻһֱӽװؿϵļʸ˳

װҽһβеļƺܵĪʹࡣ
οкѪļʸһۣһԴĲҽʱȻ
զ˸磿ɶأ
ΰѼʸĻһ㶣һգգ۾˫üʻļΪ欵ķĿԳԾ
ûѪʹˣһĶһץסʸЦ֮£ȻǰŸʣ̧ʮ¡
Цƨ׼ˣǲ뱻ɱ͸Ͻߡ
磬ģⱲӶˣ
װȻǧĵȻһЦãһźݺݳƨȥߵꡰߺһڵأһ˫޷ĿճյĿΡ
磬ǿӲ
ŲҳѾġƵ
𣡡
װӣһίվ
ɪ
֮ԱǣƺѽԼװ˵֮Ժ
ߵĴǰƿ۲Ƭ̣ȷûŽеҳȥ

ûӦҲûв꿿üٴνǻûлӦһ겻ǳע˰ɣ
һתʱȻˣֻվһͭǰϵɦŪˣϵЦԽԽŨ
ϣƥģ
ηһţֱӰѳھˡ
ߺ磬զˣ
͸
꿴ı飬һ󣬱ԹԵĸϡ
˴ԺӺ󷽣ҿһۺ󣬱ԺǽƺѾȫϷˣְǽҲһֱǵУȻΪͣǿϰǽŭĵһۣһֱӰ°ǽһ档
磬߰ίȹĵĸɸɾ
°ͣ뵽ԼΪܼʸ·ֿˣҲûеϣֵ粺µİΣЩҡ
ˣҶû£ҲӦÿӦȥ
գǱӡ
磬㾿ʲô˰ܵ;У겻ɺ
ٷϻû
磬㳤ôǲҲ簡ַ
ƨ¡
磬͸¡

ǣ磬ȸҽʲôڸ¡

ҰС̣
ͻȻͣ½Ųתû㲻˰ɡ
Ǻ⣿
ա
˰ˡҡҡͷоҪǼȥԼҲˣǸϽ·ɡ
ƺδĳţ˲ˣ˵ҲԽԽǣʶʸûꡣ
磬ʿΪǰս𣬸ĸˣͶ·ξ󽫾ľУ⻹ǵһγأãȻ˸硭

˸磬Ϊʲôɱأ

ǲΪأ
ٴͣ£ת沿ŤĿŲŮˣ
𣡡
Ǿͱ𣡡
ҡū֪ˣ
죡
ū֪˰
Ǳ𣡡
ôǱ찡
ãڿʼֻҪ³һ֣ҾͰˣ
ŵסС죬һֵ̿ĵͷ⸱ӣʮŮ˷һҲ֪ԼǶôǷˣԺҲеˡ
ûаȫã㷢ԼƺΧˡ
ǰһͻȻʮСǺ󷽣ҲܼĽŲֻǰСࡣ
Сˣ
һ䣬겻ҿڣֻһĵͷ
轣˫۰Уǰʿ䣬ͻȻץһȺһο޷ˣһ󾪿ֵĽлУȥʱʱƵһЩʿǰײʿֽ˻նʿĵǹ
εĽҲԽԽӵĥһ뵱մӰصˣڶʮʿΧ£Ȼˣһһ·ƴɱնɱʿʮ˺ͻΧʧȵľͷ
磬Ŷ
죡
ɿ꣬ĨһϵѪˮһе轣Щ㶷
֪Լʱˣǰī轣ݴӾʱо֣ƺȱʲôôʼն޽չˣ轣ҲԶԸС֮ͽˣֻԸʱЩ飬βηηβƾŻݺݰѵ˶һһΡ
ڣ轣ȴ漣ĸоΪһ壬Ǵ̽ʱıֱʱ㽣ĻȣӶܸԷճ˺
Щǰ轣˲Լ˵УѾʮѵˣﻹܿ簡
է£
οմ˵ԼϰʲúܣԲŽѧϻ˲մǰƺ轣ʧŽԼһҲϣƾ׽ڽʱ̾һɡ
벻ͨ£ҲļȥȻѳɣҲģҪıǱԼϣ粳ȥܹͳɱ
뵽粵ʱ򣬴˿̵ĵˣȴ
ӳź󣬾빬ѾԶˣ֪ΪΣرи⣬ͻȻۼ˴ǲ๫ļƲ߱ʶˣѾﰲر
ϸһ룬ָоܣϾۼ֤Ĳر๫ڶ¶ʱĲٽʿҲ˹ȥ֪ûʶ๫Ʋߡ
ͻȻֵôһ£
ǧڣҶǾǿʵף粷˲նɱʮʿ䣬ʣ»нǧҪζԸ
Ȼľ֮ʦǾӺζأ
Ȼ֪һжɺϣ㲻ͻƣ֮ԻɱΪ˶ԸǮ־󽫣·˵ʱ÷ػŵĽʿƴɱڿոǿЩʿҵΧճ棡


413 ĩ·⣡
һĴһʬɨĿ⿴ؽγģ
⡭ĩܣ򽫾ˡؽȭ
򽫾ûж࿴һۣǽĿ⿴粣رһ´˱ظüһŮֵģֻԪ˧ˣ
ǧҡгǹһڣͦصĿż򽫾Բ
򽫾Ŀһ粣֪ԷȻʲôİϷңŮԣʮҪҪţ
ҽż򽫾һ£ǧʿ޲ӵʮͬʱΧ粡
ɨЩ˵ıһۺȳֻ֣ǰͻȻһ٣żȽ·ʯ̤ѣͬʱǹɨײһʿ䣬ľƵǹʱ˼ޣͻȻһ𵯻أʿҽһ㱻ǹɣײԼʿ䡣
ǹһڣһʿ䱻ǹ⻮ľףʱѪ磬ͬʱһԾ𣬽ýڰǰһȦгǹհ£ֱӽһʿԴѪ
һһʽǹǹóǹʹ޷룬ҲǲСӣɽմ߲ҲҪ˲
еĳǹ֮βһ֣㽫ųʮʿɱǿˣٴܽʿʱ˸ҿ
粱ƽһǰٽʿ޲ʶ˺һȻҪÿһ·Ůͨһ㡣
򽫾˫΢Уɨ˽ʿһۣЩһŮҲԸˣ̫ܣǣҲҪѴŮɱ
ܽʿ׼򽫾˼ܾģͬʱȳ粡
ǹһһеսгǹһǹʱ绨ţǰ׻Ƭۣδȸѣһǹֱᴩš
ɱ
ܽʿ粶Ըʱ嵽˽ǰǹǹڵϣ˷䣬һܽʿǰ߽߳ţ˼ͬʱأҲɲǼ䣬ĳǹٴ󵶺ɨʿŵԴϢƬ̡
չƺȹصڣһֱûϢ֮ǰڹڴűʱķ̫־սѾֲ֧
򽫾εһ֪粿첻ˣŮǿ֮ľڽʿؾţսƬ̣ɽնɱ
ƺ֤˼򽫾Ļгǹһ˥ཫʿ֮Ȼ˹أûбɴ˿ɼ粹ȻѾˡ
Ҿߵƶʱ߰Ƹңǰͺ̵ĳ粡
粱սˣһѵڵϺߺֹ߲Ľʿ˲ûнҾˣʿߣΪǶӵڵϵĽʿ粵ȷ˥ˡ
ɱ
ڣһСͻ粵ĳǹӵǰ
һ߷Сսһ̽һץסСĲһšֻšડһС۹Բɥצ¡
粽СʬһƣײϮʿ䣬ٴγ
ҿܣ
ͻȻ䣬ͻȻɱһȻǸղһЩʿִŮҪʱƵΧ
ȳ粵һƥϽʿͭףֳֳìһ֮ƺԲŮӿԵֵģƫƫԤϣ精ȻӲӲгǹʵʵĳìӲһǡ
ֻڳìһ֮£ǹžžžļ죬ľƵǹջ޷ܽȫһֶѵļ
Цһ׼粣˭룬粶ڶѵĳǹܲˣһսè嵽ս࣬ӶһԾսնһ̣ͷ壬ڵع¡
Ҫ򽫾ڽʿͻȻһӳĽʿ粣ֹӡ
粱ƲѣֻսϮĽʿƴɱ
ԽԽ֧粣򽫾ûзɾ裬ʿҰлӳΧ
Ӱ㿵ܣԽԽ飬ڣڻɱһ˫΢΢Ƭ̣ͻȻ̲סҪϽսֵ֧棬Ȼҡҡ׹ǿվĿɱ飬ƺûΪپ־壬û˿ĵ뷨
ռҵĽʿռҵˣʲôʱ򣬾¹򣡸Ͷ
򽫾еӢĩ·粵ȷŮӣվھ󣬱ͳվھǰɱУ֣Ҳ֮ĹϵߣˣռˣһС𣬿δҲע±Ԫ˧
Ѿ󽫾ȫռݣͻҲܻ߳ʹԪ˧㻹ذɣ򽫾ͻȻ˵
Ļ粲ΪӰߵǹֵΨһսף
ٴζˣȻʮƣӵǰȻɱУ
ҡҡ׹壬ƴɱٽʿˣҲнʿ粵ǿӲе˲̣ȥЩĺ֮ոλԪ˧ͷ
粺ľһ˿նɱһʿʱƣ̧ĿķѾγһΧȦһѰѳǹ׼
粸одˡĺԴԽԽأʶҲԽԽģ
ʮѳǹĵ粣򽫾־ַ֪ʱλԪ˧Ӻݵһ֮ʱ
ڼʶ粵ĺݾһ󣬼򽫾ʵҲɱǾɽҪ精Ͳܻţ
ܿܣӢĩ·
򽫾΢΢һ̾ͷ죬ȴΪаܵס˰죬о⾳ȫޣ΢΢۾׼¡
ɾʱͻȻһӰ
Ӱ
򽫾һ㶣е۾ͻȻɴһǿˣȻӰ

򽫾ͻȻһͻȻȻòٽʿŤͷȥȴȫȻ
ոջݣϵļ򽫾ڽʿǵעеʱȻˡ
ңϰǱ룬˵ͷˣµսƺܵ˾ɽѹһ㣬ۡһ˻ֹҪȴΪϥˤ飬ôŬҲ޷վΨڵϵļ򽫾ʬѹڱࡣ

нʿȻ׷׽Ŀ⼯е˼򽫾ʬԵһСϡ
һʹһ߳Ķϵˣӻһ̫Ѩ쵽仡̡
ѵǴɱ˼򽫾
˲ţһ˵ǿȵزȻ룬Ҽ򽫾һ׶Ǿ죬ǿδ䴩οǶϵأ
ʵͰǰɲǲˣ㲻ŵˣڽһĻУҲɲˡ
˶ˣ˻ڲ²ǲɱ˼򽫾ʱ˫յһԾֱӽһ룡
֮ǰҡҡ׹壬ڷ˳ֺ󣬲ɻһȻ֪ΪʲôǼȻˣôԼ㲻ܵˣ


414 ֵ
סס
ĻڷԸʵѾˡ
Χ˶ĽʿܿʧˣûסͻȻֵˣȷе˵ӦûΪĵꡣ
һ֣˵ԤϣҲ粣Ϊ֪Ȼҵϱ򸮰߲ЩεģһŲ֪
򸮰ٹأ֪֪ˣЩʮּɵ
¡ǻ󣬳ֲСģңҲֺͺֻ֣ܶȼ˰ˣ֮һ򸮵Ѫ
үӱϾˣȭ׳ⲢûеģүƾǾɱˣүʱҲûоԵİɱĿǰɱˣӶ߶Էɱˣ
Ӱģ֣ǱүǱӶ͵͵ԷҲӰȫƫƫѡѪϴһ֣
ⲻд󣬶֪ӰǾܲ˵ģͶˡ
ҲһȻĿ粣ɱȣ绹һİԵ
ûֱȥ粣ǳЩϵĽ졣
ϵһѪŽһŸոҪ´ԸĽ죬¡
Ŀɱ飬ƺûΪնɱһͳǧĽеˡ
ȷҲûʲôֵø˵ģرԡ
ңңһ췢ͬɥ󣬱Ǵʧɫŵ󺰣ͬʱתͷҪ·ӡ
ǣܵĽʿ̫࣬ʬҲ̫࣬սѣһսתȺУϣ
ˣֱӳ̼һԾ𣬽żڽսһ㣬ٴڿգͬʱжϵ߾ٹͷŻæ·Ľһ£
ҽжûͷڡ硱һ󣬶ΪأԴϱһƿһ㣬ʺէ֡
ܵʿƺûعΪǶ֪ʲôʱģͷ̫࣬Ӱ赲Щ˵ߣǷֽ󣬲ħͷˣ

ݵתȦжϵ磬Ȧɨʮʿ˲ȾѪľ׵һء
յһ٣Ŀٴһɨڷ⻹һڿʱǾȻ漣¶Цݣ
쿴Цݺ󣬻һŵޣҲǰʿ䵲ţײʮʿԶ
𣡡
ˣ⻰ýֻоĺޱȡ
Ÿʲôɱ˴弣ŭ
ΧܵĽʿȻһ˸ϡ
һͷ粸ߣʿΧţȻղǿһ£նɱˣЩʿ䣬ʱڲҿǼȥԼε
ȴûǳôոӵΧĽ졣
һЩʿȥĵ̫죬ǿĺۼмɥ¡
ɱɱ켱ˣΪԽԽ
ֻӵٴԾŵǰʿ߾ٵǹϣħͷԼײǹֵȻʧˣһûߣڵͿոһֱ˻Աһ㣬ȺȺк󷽣ʱҽѪɣọ̀
ΧĽ壬ǴЩĲбϱۣ֪ĳʲôˡ
ҪӣǼ򽫾ͳ˧ˣҲˣʱ󽫾׷ҲҪ
ԣֻƴˣ
еսꪣһȻݽƽеսȴ΢΢ƺ¶ġ
ɱԽԽҲԽԽ쿴ŽɢȺüͷһƺ̫ˣ˼㳤ã֪ʱܶݣӼ򽫾ɥʼǰյĹ
ͻȻһӰȺ˳ŵýһꪲȥȴ֣Լˡ
˲ɱԼһıʹȺͷ޷Ӱ
˵쿴ʿҲֲǣٶ̫ˣǰһ̻ǰ棬Ǻһ̱棬㷴ӳʱһѶϵѾ͸ˡ
һ򵱹ĪҪطʩչʵɣΪǹʺսͬ˼˵˶սֵģСѵǿ
ܽʿȻ糱ˮ˿ҪмճӶӰķһ޶ֻҪЩʿһˣ˭ֵܷǣʮλεսһѶϵҲֻһĨڵ³
ɣ
ͻȻһӰڽսǰתһȦֻһսͻȻ˻һֻǰӦϣϵĽҲһˣսˤȴģһλεĶϵ
ˣŽҲˣ
챻һԴܼʿҽһŵĴӴ
ҲҪ£ôˣֻˣһɱǣһЩҪס棬ͳ˧һӱһ֣ɽصġ
ر˭ҽº󣬱ĿһɨŵЩոտڵĸתܣ֮ӱٶй֮޲
ȻвһһУֱ˿̣Ҳûȥ粣ǼѰҽ졣
ԽԽĽ췢֣һƺ˵ģɱ˵ģĿ껹ǣ
ˣȻȴȥһΣҲΨһһΣǾӨڵ԰ʱҲûо˭ɱˡ
ɱˣҲԾˣȻҪŪĿ꣬Ҳֻͽ޹
ЩҪɱʱĺˣΪһƺɱ˭ɱ˭û˿رǿż򽫾Žʬǻˣʼˡ
תۼ䣬ǧʿӵ룬ʣµģǱ粴˵ģʬˡ
ſһۣÿԷҲֻǵͷ˹ȥܶ𣿡
ԣ粼ǿĵͷ
Ǿ߰ɡ
˵ĺܸɴ࣬Ҳߵĺܸɴ࣬ȻۣͷԺܳѾҪȥ


β֪ΪԼļƲߣŴ˸ˣҲ޷Ԥϵģ֪֪ʲôʱʲôʱȥָӽʿʹȻ֪ȥţͬʱҲвٽʿȥţӶ粡
βǼıңֻеССҲģǵҾУӶ󱣴һ룬ĹǽʱŹǷǣɱ;УҲʮɺϵ粣ֻܸıƻ
Ȼı¶޷󣬿Ҳ֪ʵ뷨ҪѪɣҪֻһͨŮӣǺӷһԲˣΪԶڵֵǮ
Ȼǡ˵һǼֵ⣬һûʲôõķˣɱһδܿܶмвˣ
ǡɣ粵أ̫ˣΪܸҴܶ棡


415 ش
νüͷߵһ㶳
զ˸磿װĽ°͵μϣʵ
Զ㡣ʼ磬°ƿ
һãʵͣܵĻ׷ˡ
ûһԽԽɪˣҪûû˵ں죬Ȼ㲻Ҳû꣬ˣξ͸о̱ˡ
ο˴Ƭ̣һͷΣյĵطȫĵط˭Ҳ뵽Ҫӳðɣ
磬ǴӳȥģѵĻʵ£
զģһڱˡ
εĻشһϲǻʹʵ糯ĵطʱ˵ˣ±ûˣ
˰
⻰û˵ֹֻһ䣬֪˵󣬱ԵԼ̫ˡ
һȦӣջصĵطǻʹŤͷߣϸ󣬻ǾȥϾ滹вٽֻڹȻرɭϣ֪·ߣ

˵ţһ·󷽵һ⣬һɽδȥ󣬱һϣе㡣
磬̫ԶˣҲҰһη
ǺãŰɡ˵űҪתŵе˺ˣ˼
귢ǵһܣ̲סյһȥ
Ϻһ٣һ죬СƨһŤվˡ
νȭŽո̧Ľŷ£ջһ·˴ݶԣִȻ濴ֻһ㣬Ǵ濴ȴ㣬ôڵڶ㣬һڣֱͨķϡ
ȷһû˰غè˽ȥҲ
˽α㿴·ȻвˣһĿɨȥٲ°ˣΪ׵һͭ׵Ľ죬˿һݵͼָָ㣬ƺҪ֪һΧȦͥԺһΧ
δ˿ѾйȻõĶ뵽²֪٣ЩǣȻţԼܳȻû⣬һʮĻģҲܰˡ
ԶˮȲ˽𣬺ολ֪µأ˽̬Ťͷ֣һĴչоνַϣ촽չȻ˵΢΢ȵϢһ졣
𣿡˵
磬㡭
꣡
һЩϽѹסͣʱαоһСƬ᲻֪ǺιʣüһﰵһѵǸģ
е̣Ц
ġ
ΰһϲ˲˻˷֣ʹӸղĴܳȥܶԶǶԶ֪𣡡
ţ
ǵͷֵǸ磬أ
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⻰ﻰΪԶȷм粵ӰΪ˸Ŵʱ䣬עеϣȻҪǧټƵıֻ֪꣬ѾˣѾһ߷˰ɡ
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Ҫűɱţǡ
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419 빬
ɱˣɱ
ʲôȻɱˣ
ؽԴ󾪣֪ǣѾŵ˺׼ܾε˸ǳԾ
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ȷôɣȻһɱĲűǽ
֪ȺǴʲôطģʱѾˣ޷ڶʱ֯סֵǣر˶ȥΧɱű£Ѳߵ󽵵͡

Ϊ׵ͳ죬һͬʱɱʿ䣬Цսؽɱ
ǸҵĹֻʲôżżȻ֪ԷǺηʥǿԷɱͬɱ򵥣֪һ϶һ㡣
СĿŹɣͳսˣͨʿǰ絾һոȫûһֿ
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ʹ̫ﱾǻʶַʹȡԥݺ󣬱ｨѾԶˣСģϵӶһʱ¶߲ͷ
⹬йǽڹǻʵһСõط⹬ǿĹ㳡ݻµٹٺĴ©Ժдʹƫ
Ѿ˻ʹţֻһǽ֮ڶŵرʼոǽ˯µʿֻʹ룬ϵǹŹǷ
˺ȻĻȺǲҿĵطΪǵѪǱˣһʼɣҲҪһӵģȲǵݺֻӲˣ̫ǡ
ˣҵˡ´һѲƵĹе˳ͬʱһο
ܺãھ͵ȶŵ漱ؽ̲סʱǲźûεͷ
ǸղŶһȥ˶ɱ𣿡ѵ
һǺпܣǲɵͶģ
β㣬ȷû׼̣δЩŵĽʿϵ⣬Ѿռ˶ţȻ޼ƺʹصȫе
ͳ죬Źɽһţӳ˰ΧϹһͳ
ոǿһ˴ʮֱ㽫ȥ˾ãӮռ춫ŵʱһվڴͳЦ˵꣬ͻȻüͷһֵֻƻЩԣ˵ҪһЩжѵǴɣʱң
ţûǴͳǣǵ˵ڶ֣Ҳ¶š
һһ䣬ƫƫͳһֱûڣ˵ˣͳһΣһжعƻУֻҪȹһǱֱȡţ뿪ʹǮ־λغϣʱս룬㡣
Ǵͳ죬Ѿ˻ʹϽǣһǳȥײô죿һѵ
뵣ģǵǣƣŵıȫɱˣӱͻأڶؽǽޱȣ֪Ƕɵ˹ǶһЩֹͻϮ
ͳ˵꣬ƶһͷҪҰҲΪ򵥣ֻҪ߼ɣһҪҲֻʱˡ
Ǻãҵȡ
һҪڣͻȻһ˼ͳ죬ɱˣְϸ֮£ڣ
٣Եеùҵȣͳ죬Ҵֵǳȥǰɡһ굽Ѯϳȭ
ɣȻ࣬ҪɱˣҪʧһ֣ĹԸǰɣ
ͳĻ˸Υ棬Ըȥܿһ˹ǽڳ䲻ѡ
ˣû뵽ô춫žʧˣٻȥüͷ壬һ˵꣬γս߾ٹͷȵڽʿҳƹţ
ɱ
ǵȲԮչˣΪƶԷȻռ˶ţʱ̫϶ûƣʱʱ
ʵЩʿԣһǸְϹǹ֣γǵǹɱУǾ
ܵǿĵֿȻ˲ãһ뽩С
һͷؽʱɸˣͬʱҲϵĿǣ˰æأطأ
һ֣ζ֪ˣΪ˿̵Ѿˣ˻ʹǽϣЩʿ仹ڻ˯ʱѾķӣһһ»ȥ
β֪Ƿڹ棬Ҳ֪֮ǰ¿е֪Ϣʮ׼ȷ֪ԼȥҲﲻʲôˣܿŵĳȥҪ粰ȫ϶Ѿص˾УûСֻ취ùһˣ
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ӳʹ󣬲ɾ㵵ķ֣ȻӰһƬڻʹϽ⣬ȻһƬ
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θоʮܣΪڶǣֻԼұ棬Ȼ˵ˣҲǰ
ˣԣҪҪȥȻҲ˴˵˼һ۶üʵ
Լұɱɲֹ۰
һ䣬ԽԽˣرŴ֪˼УҪص￴һ룬ЩԼұĴ˿̿϶Ҫˡ
Ƶȥȷ粵ǻԼұ
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ţˣֵƺڴźţ
Ŷ
һ㶣µָ£˽һһĹâ


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˿ⲻʮɺһ֣±һèȥ
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ĺͻȻһʣûпڣһ嵽ǰһֱҪԷ£Էź󣬲һ٣
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ӣԪ˧ǻֻҪ䵽ʾ£Ԫ˧ľģ


421 
ҡҡͷһƵˣѵһû뷨𣡡
߾ԣ΢΢һ죬ûΪ˭һ
զˣĵ㲻ˬˣҡͷһ̾ǿ취ɡ
˵ɣϸ˵˵ôġ
֪Ϲ㽫Լ빬һһʮĸ߾
һ˵ǰʱڼ߾ʱԼʣ±ըƨɺ󣬸ǲɡꡱһЦ˳ͻȻŵĽޣͤ⹧񿴵㶷ֱҲûִ֣ˣһŮ˰
һԵ꿴ͤеһĻӣһίĽΪθҲǾʲôϵ
»ͻȻһʶԶ꼸ʱǵһԹ񿴵øӳԾߵ˶զˣĪǴϲ
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֪ʲôϵȻ÷ʲôƽתͷ󣬹Ƭ̣ͻȻüͷһ壬ϸϸζ֮ǰĻɻһ𾪣ȴôҲԴתȥˡ
ͤУζƺȻֻһĺͳ߾
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㰡ѵɱһű𣡡߾Цʵ
ȻܣűС˵⣬ͻȻһ㶣۾˳߾ãһĴȵѾڲأ
߾һ̣Ƭ̹ЦűܳűƣʱҾֱ֮ǰһЩ鷳£
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üͷ壬³ʢ˭Ȼ֪ҳ߾ҲǷأһ˱ȨȷöԸΪ֪ܿܲ߾򵥣ҪУͬʱҲҪ뾡취ĸģռҺҳ׸̨
û֣³ʢֱӺԪ˧ǿץסһҪЮ߾˵
ҪЮʼղǰ취ǰƼˣһһǽôѵҲҪᣡҪ֪ǣһ˲Ż޶֤нжεͷϣҡͷ
Ϊ֮ƣҲֻд˼ƿУȻðգֻ취˵³ʢˣ߾ǿӲ
֪ŮȻ˵а˵³ʢ֪³ʢıŹˣǷ³ʢҪЮҪǶԿɱСһǱıβ֪һֿ϶Ǳǿ࣡
׵Ķ˵ɺڵģǵԻһ󣬱׼ͻֵñĻɢ֪˭ǶԵģıδ̣
Ҫ֪Щ˿ɶŵıĸҲԼˣȻȥָֻţҲϣǰװ
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׳߾˼Ȱ精ȳҲԼǵһ棬Ҫȳ粣һҪЩ޻˵
߾εıϣܿʲôˣɷһЦƣɼã
üһս߾ᶨβУ
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߾һŤһŤ˹ɸͬʱҲһʮĸоֵĸое˼Ƥ񼸺Ҫէ
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ϻȥСû߾ﻹҿԼһ嶯ʰϵĲͰǸŸˡ
ҲоȤˣһֻ̾Ҫ磬Ȼ޷Լ棬ҪԻһЩˣпܵģ
ڼװɫĳ߾ԣһװĬŮľǿ˵ĳ嶯Ŀ´ãһתɫֻǷɫκüЩƣطԶˡ
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εȻһЦҲԽ˳ˣɰ꼤òУ˵λú´һȴӭһϥǡ
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ʵηһϥǣƨϣʹˬİߺһ˵ڵأҲʮĵ˳ֱ㽫һ⣬ͷ­һڣһ֣ޱȵĻһЦʱܵĸ˼峯˹
Ǻǣʲôһһȸ糢ôǡۣˣʹ˼ҵؿڶˣߺ
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һĦȭƣԾԾԵӣӣҪԼװʱҲѧѧ꣬Ǹߣ
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һݵͻȻһܣһߴȵȣŴΣҲȭ


߾סԺ⣬һݳ޵ĸլԺڣһ᷿³ʢšƽͷȻ⣬ٻ
˵ļǣһмŹ֣һСӵĻʿߵüʱֹҲ֪˵ЩʲôҴӱְռ鱨ʿƺõһլԺסǺεȴ
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ˣǺǣں죬Ҳ첻±Ԫ˧ɣ³ʢÿɷһЦ
ȣֲǲ֪ΪԪ˧⣡ƽЦҡͷԵļ˵񣬴ŮѱڹУ֪˾ʹͳһɺã
˵򵥣ǱڵǿԣǰɱһŲ֪ðȻͳʮֲǣ³ʢҡͷܾ
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Ĵָĸ³ʢƺЩˣһЦˣ㽫һ𣡡
ƽ˷ܵˣ뵽ܳˣ³ʢʱȻһ·ҡֱϣͬʱܸɵһЩͷ֮һ
·ԽԽߣλҲԽԽ٣ȻǾԽԽãƽһֱ³ʢΣоʼһֱ۲ϣҳһĶ̰塣
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ȻնȥˣΪǺ̫죬ӣֻܶڼ򶼲ҵ㣬ԺܶԺﻹסŰգǴ֮ʦţȻýϣƽҲֻҪһЩͬżһԺӵ᷿
ȻƽҲͷ򵥣ܴʲôǿֱڱµˣڳҲûĴѹǣοһؼһء
һ϶粵ĸץס׳ʲô㲻ûܽռĨøڣ˵֮λ޴ǰʱһˣָ㲻һֱӲ³ʢͷϣǺǣǺǺǺǡ
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˵أʲôӪӣײңԼദܷʮɱ

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һСӴӿι߳˻ƽһۣ΢΢һЦսιӵĶ˵˼䣬ֻιüһƽĿ⣬ҲЦˡ
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ƽɨһǸͷһһܲٹȻ˵ðǷûʱɼЩɵ۵Ϊλֽ£
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ЩһۣǲԼͬĵͷͬʱǰһԺΧɰȦ嵥ϥ¹򣬿иߺμ


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οļһЦһҡҡͷս̫ϻ׷һƷھһˣ̫ͬϻҲˣ̫ϻʵ۹⣬֣ұ֮ģٵż񰡣Ҫ˶ӣҪɱУ¡
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˵ţƽҿһۣһԣʰһȭͷĶʯ㳯Ӻݺȥ

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424 
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γԣ³ʢȻЩɣξ˵ʲôʲôԼðŴ踣ҲܴӦˣ
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뿪粳Թһ鱡ֺĿɨ㽫ĿĿٴαüᶨ


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ĸˮûж٣һһҹȥˣڸˣˮҲûˣݷȴţΪβȥҲ֪ȥգֻܵȣƽ̹Сȵδ֪ʱľ
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426 
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ţ֣һֹԼұһ棬ҲǱӴӳ
εٶȻűܱȵģȻ³ʢαһｻսѾܺҳˣűȻ֪³ʢŵΪǵоļıɳˣס
űǲںЩ˵ˣȥ޻أҲᣬһԼȫ뿪ǰȥͶᷡ
ȥ·;ѣűҵ𣬸֪¼ݱϢһͬϻݣס档
űȷɱ粣ǸԼƵСӣɵƾˣȥҲǰװ֮ء
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ЦһԪ˧Ѿӻʹӳˣвҩֻʱ⣬ǵĸҩ̣ԼұϴһգֻȥѰ٣ҳȥ
⡭
ؽһɣ¹شҲʾԪ˧ҲҪһã
Ҫȥʾʦ
ζ˵ˣһﾹȻء
Ҳ˵³ʢʱҪȫʹϾʱ䣬ȥΣѵסң
˫ĿһɣؽһҵȻˣǹٽ׻ڣ˭Υ氡ϵԪ˧ؽֻð̾һˣŸǡ
һؽмһЦؽȴѵ˾⣬ʵҸİοϾԼҵıǾȻִᷢ
ģԱ֮Ŷˣ˵ţһ˦֣дһܡҪڼ»һͬţûͻȻһ֣ͷ˵һ䣺һ̫ɲҪѰ·𣡡
⡭
δȽʿعκͼ»Ѿˡ


427 Ů
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кᰡ

򣬲ɸЦһñӸǵϣһɬЦˡ

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֪Ƭ̣Ǹоһ𣬺ܺ棬аȫĸо
ǾϲˣЦ
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ҲܸС˵⣬ͻȻһ٣һЦĸͻȻƤ
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һٱŮҽСͽܾ㵵ĿУ߳䣬һţ㿴˳߾üһأ
³ȥˡ߾ʯϣֲ뱭ĵ
СˣҪֱһʸˡߣӣ߾棬һñһ㵹һ裬ڵ͹һڣȫûһŮҽķ緶
߾ˣ˵˵Ĵţֻû뵽Ȼһ뵽˵ļӺʥ֮ҲȻˡ
ӺʥֻүүеһСҽðƹָͰ½̵Ϊһʥ֣Ҳһһȼõ˿ԷֲȫˣǼֵҲõĶ֣ɼ˵ӺŮҽƺţ˵ˡ
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һףȻӦǣԪ˧и̣һճ̽ģ
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ΣŮվڴߣһŵӣϵĳŴϻӶţϵװ꣬ƴĵסɵײϡ
谡Ϊʲô谡Ůƿ޷ǿޣЦЦֶʵ
С㣬ˣۣ۰ĵ
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Ůʵ̲סˣŻͻȻӣϴ㳯ȭߡ
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ŮһһЦʲôٺ٣ģ֤Ū㣡
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㲻ҪɡŮ˵ֱ꣬˴


ĶŴңңȴǺӰ
ͳ쿴һתͷűȫȥоˣγǣ
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428 Ҫˣ
£нʿ޲𾪵︽ӣ⻹ʮɸߵĳǽ˾ȻκǽУƽأȸ߾Ṧ䣬

ͳһһʿһԾҪ׷ű·ɱ
ҪסؽͻȻһ
ΪΣɻĿ
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뵽֮ǰű޵еṦ˿ҺҰҰһƺûôɣ
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һĸ뿪ڷһηؽЦ
ȷͳ㲻űҲȵزķϰٱκβ˶ԷʱκһʿأŵսϣԻȡ˰ڰװȻǡ
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лǹŹǣؽҲһϧ
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ͳ֪̫սţǻˣֻű˫ָȻͳѥףûȥ

ͳҽһһȳһյ˼
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ű˫ָ罣һһʽԴ⣬Ƶôͳ˺ŵ׸ղŲˣǲ壬ڣ޷ˡ
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ʱĹٵϣֵܳĿȻǾ鱨սսĽų̼죬ʮ㣬ʺҹУűġ


뵽һ飬һһʮҪĴ£ɵóųȥѰɻ룬˼»
һ·ϣߵʮľսΪ֪űʲôʱպóиպԼԼǡ
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˵󲻴󣬵˵СԲСӰʲôȥʲô֣οɲţΪ˽ֶ򵥡
ΪһԽߣܶ鶼߾һȻǳɶˣӵʮӴ鱨磬֪ʲôҲһأ
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ͫһͻȻ˫ų̤һŵϣ˱ȥͬʱ轣һնƬƬ鲼¶һīֱۡ
ֱʱβſԷݣȻܺڣûеƻֻ֮Ծ㹻ˡ
һ˲һ⣬һ䣺ѵҪˣ


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ǿԣԼľոˣ粻ƫƫʱһ֪һյȻһ˻ļĳԲȶˡ
ҪģΪűô죬³ʢŹؽҲŹ𣿶ǻῼûǲǸףµˣʮԥǻΣ϶Ҫڳؼ죬ƾŸ߳λ
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ͳ쾪һϹվŤͷŭű
巣Ѱ·ɹֲۼˣű˵գѾ嵽ͳǰīһֻߣ谵У޷壬ͳһһȥֻǽӴƬֿ̣űϺˣǴͳǰѾѪ
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ϡȿȿȡϹΪӮ𣡡
Ϊɱ𣡡űЦ
ȿȡͳԼͻȻͷϿգ૵ʶʮˣʵұ˭֪ҾҲӲָɽΪ𣡡
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û
ͳͻȻһһһϵϸնϡ


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һ֩ϸ£棬űʹͳƤոսӴʱ˲һϸܵСѪۡ
Щ˿ȻСƼҲûʲôоǽƬ̼䣬˿ϱһƬͬʱĪʹҲ˿ϴ
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һûн˺ƣűŭ˫ͻȻʼģһֻ̣̫ȣʱ˫һһ˿嶾㱻˺һӣŻеĴͳ巣ѽҩ
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432 һоڲ
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Ұοһ䣬ĴһۣȻڣȻûѵǲһѰһïܵĻֱ档
λãλڻʹһͨԣЩƫмλãǲĵ㣬Ҵֻͨˣˮ·粲ˮȻѧ궴ߣҪȥֻܷǽɵȥЩðյ롣
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ʲô⻹˵ãϽȥ󽫾ɡЩѲԣÿ·С뿪
ЩϢϾȻûһ˿ϲãĪ
ڵսԼֻͨҲǻˣ߲ŶʱڸܶɺӶңѾԸ߲ƽӶû߲žæȻǹؼʱ̣ΪһѵѰӶ͸̫ˣ߲Żɳ롣
ô⹥ŵ˾Ǻηʥ
ĺܺ棬浽һɱȥһ̽ĳ嶯
粲Ȼʲô콵ôӺζս´컹ʮ죬Ҫټ˶ǣ׼һȺں֮ڣɽֻ֮ɵǿʹ
Լңܣ뵽⣬ҡҡͷԼұѾƶţкȥսһ
ѵб䣿ߵԼұңòƽҪһȴΪűռӣðȻѡ˴ӷı֣
粸о˼Щ룬ʾɱиѣҿ˵һһµĸܣ²ЩʱоͷۣʾɱʱȻܲ˼òϣܣһȺ˱һŮָ֮Ĵĵʹ쾢ʱѪɽĳе˷ܣ
ȻЩҪţ๫Ҳ֪ǱҪ֪粿϶ѡ˶֪Ψ๫֪
ʵ粲֪Ѿˣӵ粴ɽկʱ㿴λŴˣڿʱǾȻģ
ÿ˶ԼϲãҲв˵ϲã֪һ㣬Ǳδֻ˵ϲ̶ѣĵףҲֻʵռҵѪҺ
ռǰͳֹһӣһŷɥշӣڴŹصʮɱδΪûǮûҪ԰
Ϊշӣû£ɱŹأƮֻҪһֱ֣Ĺ⼸ʮʧˣм֤˵ϡ
粣ƺõշӵһЩУ̾͸о
Ȼ񿴿ŵս£ûȥΪ֪ⳡ̼ȻˣҪɱԮʱŵĽʿ϶٣ȥǡ
ȵȣ
ͻȻ˶٣㽫Ŀ⿴˱
ʱһСмĳ˳粺ƺûعŭȵ𵲵飬СĴ󽫾㡣
粿СӰͷ˿Լľ׺;ڿ˿Сոµװ˫ĿʱһСƺſ壬ǰȻһŮˣһǾˣһŲҲͣɵɵĶ粡
ޱ飬еŭȴתһȦͻȻʹСϡ
ҽƿһŵ
⡭
С粱òɵɵĸ˽ȥ
ѵ˵꣬ŭһķţ
ɶ
Сһ𾪵ѣʲô
ɫ·ȫѵ
úúãѣѣС˷һЦȻҪ֮Ժ󣬿ʼٽ⿪ϵľ׺;ﻹٺЦû뵽СӵǺֱӰɧǺǣϲ
С粵Ļò˫ı飬һƬ˷ܵĲУеĶȻˡ
ҪþЧСѵ̫ѾҲ̫鷳ҪģЩһ
ôÿ˶һ
еСͻȻ뵽๫뵽һܺԼǸʲôʱеӱСй֮޲
Ҫ֪粻룬ԩˣСǵĿ֮Ƕ̣ǵȼһʰ״̬ҪĿ°һʼļΣģ϶ȵģ
ٺ٣Сӣˣ
С˷һЦ粣ӭĲǰԵʧỬĽһѱĴ󵶣


λصʱյ˳߾ĿţϻСԺ
βҵ飬ҴҵСԺ߾ݵʵʲô°һҪˣûɵİ
߾һۣʵŵս£һָİɡ
ǺǣôЧɣԺ
ţҲֻʱԵģ߾˵ţҡҡͷǲǺҾֻһãʱӶƴϣģΪҲ֣Ȼӱ˳ʳǣƽս£ΪûرȻû򣬵ʱϵģȻˣ
ܰɣ
βŵļΪξͲȥأ¶ˣǻʹʲô
֪ˣһǮ־֪ˣȻ⿴ǴͷѪڶʹԹűһùߵ£Ǯ־Ϊ˱ЧҲпܴػʹǿҪͱıƴһӮԪģºҲǽôΨһܺģ뻹˭
߾⻰𾪵︽ӡ
ñؽֵӶעֻܲǲԶҷһæ˵߾뿪Ц뼥
ȣڻ˵Щʲô취ɣ˵ˣҺӶģ㣬ɱ;ϰһ
֪˵һ㵣ҲûС߾ҡͷϧ
һ죬ȷֲ˼Ұǳ߾ԸԸҲ֪ĵưֻԼû߾£ղֵⲻˡ
ȻӦûȵĻᣬһǶҪŮ˸߲ˣһˣ˭Ը޿ӰƾεСͷֻ̾ˣ


439 ֪
ܼ߾Цε
ⲻǷϻ𡣡û
ҾͲϻˡ߾˵꣬տڲˡ
ףͷ͵ûİε۵
߾ݸһЦСɵĲ豭󶨻һӪĻᣬǲһмƣ
ʲôмƣκ
ııɣ
߾⻰üͷõʲô취ֱ˵ܱĨ𣿡
ҪЧʲô߾ȫûεҪȻơ
ζ޿κΣƬ̵Ӧ֮ǰ˵Ǽ°ɡ
߾û뵽һȻԼȷղ˵Ҫʲôǲ֪װɵΣҲֻ˵ˣһ漱ˡ
ҪǮ־֪ͱĵоսȻҪɢϢȴ̽ӿ򱻿ߣȻɵͬʱΪҪչƵģǵġ
ȻǲĸǱƭˡ
⡭ǻ𣿡˵⣬ͻȻüһԣǸҪţֻҪǽŽɣ̽ȥ鿴ǵ̽Ӳ鲻κ룬һȥ޻غһ϶ˣ
û֮ڣڳı򣬳Ҳ򣬼ǰ򣬶룬ֻ򣬶Ϊ֮ǰоҳͻ˲ٽʿսĲѣ
ԵͷǿȷʰһǿĻ񣬿ǾҪǵİˣ
½ɣŪˡ߾˵ţټԸ󣬱صʯ£ֱһӣżĸǳʩһѯʳ߾Ϊλ
߾֪Σ뿪ȥš
Σѯʵ
߾
ⶼ治֪ʲôˣ㷨ˡЦţֵȷбǿģҲܸҵģѧ峵й֮ţϧڹֱЩʺ˷ģոǽܽܣҿ
˵飡߾ƺ֪ʲôü
Ҳ֪ξ㵵
Ȼȷһ˲ţհݣǮʮһ̷ȫд鲻Ըֱģѧ峵ģ벻˭

ζԳ߾ľԽԽŨˣһͻȻֵ˵һˣǻ֪Ƿһ飡
˵߾ܸɴĵ
巡
巣
߾ԣüͷһ壬ĿһۣΪʶʱȴͳ죿
Ӧǰɡδ˴Ц
巣걻ʸ״سɶڰӪѵʮ˵һ񣬲ҳɹɱ˵һĿ꣬ʮʱйҰƺţ󡭡
ԽԽ𾪣ɣЩô֪ģ
Ϊǳɶˣ

ҡҡͷʵΪαҪűͬھأ
ѾӶ˽⵽ˡ
һ⻰θӺˣʵô˽ģ
ȥ̽߾˵⻰ı飬ʣ𣿡
˰μʵ
ֻ񼴿ɣҷġ
θоٺһ˵ȥˣԽͳ߾ģԼԽǣһ仰˵߳īߺΪԼһͱǣŴһ𣬾Ͳأ
֮Ժűݣ˱űһ⣬ҪĹϵԼˡ
ôܣҡͷ
ҲаӦ֪һЩǲͬҰҵİһ룬룬Ҫܵ޾׷ɱΪ˰Ӫһж󣬲ҲӰת˶๬űﻢЩ̫࣬Ǵġ
߾˵˽⵽˺ܶ࣬Žеĸӹϵ
巿һҪɵˣΪҵһֻܳΪ룬һЧңȻһҧһڣβŭԼҲɱűֻűո߳Ϊ˾֣Ա巸ɴһƣͬھˡ
ϧϧ̫ˡ
뵽ǰı飬ףһֽѡ
Ҳһк˵˼ء߾ͻȻ
զһˣҵİأֻûظˡ
ãǺǡ
߾ӷֱֱ̣εӦһѪĸְɣ
ǰôˣβ֪߾Ϊ˵մ
ѪҰȵ˸࣡
߾һ˫ĿһУû֤ݣɱҲ°
մָмģԼĽҲ̵ģԼܻ죬ҲȫȣȻʲôӣҲڮĶˣ
ҵ˼ˣ
߾ҡҡͷҰ֮ǵ۹ǰһҰʦУϰѵ°Լλӣ˲ſԵõɣΪʲôѪûͽܣ̣Ǳŵĺӣȫˣˣһ˵𣡡
ǴԽߣȻҵ߲šïɺͻǣоҰĴĺܺãȨһ߾Щԥˣѵ˵㣿ˣοҪúһַ˵ϰˡ
ͳ߾˺ܾãοʱ䲻ˣ׼߾ҲûֻǶС󣬱صԼķϢˡ
߾ܻˣʱܳԣκĽҪҪҲŴ˸ѧѧҪʲô¶ΪǶ۰
һʹһεĸоɲͬһôڵݼʣЩսսģڶαǰգòɱº󣬻ϱ׷ɱǹĹ뵽ټĻʹֻǹһͥסɰ˷ѣպطǴ𰡣ôĵطǮܲ˷
˼ţ˶⣬ŻæŲҡҡͷⶼһһҹˣ³ʢڲЧδҲ̫˰ɡ
ʦйƺΪս£ƵҪʹˣǳʱ򣡡
ǰʦйǴѹҪйֱ׾ٰ
Ǻǣλ˵ˣʦβ֪ŵأԴֱڻڷأΪ˾ǵȴᣡһıƨ
³ʢ֮ǰ֪ŵ֮һֱΪвðȻã¶޴ʴ˲һֱǽǽýʿͲı
취вõģֽģ˭֪³ʢʱ̽дˣŻ߲ŵĴ³ʢϲĪЦǣĴҲˣʹرԽԽˣôһ˵ɰ³ʢĲС
ǣС֪ϷⱱԮϷѰźõģϷר﹧ֻǴ¹شϷ·һûи֪ȣöȽˣʵ


440 ˭Ц
³˰һɲıɴ۾һͶصĳݵ
³ʢЩ˼ɫȻãЦЦѳ˿̱ҵ»ʹʱԸȥȫ׼
³ʢ⻰û˵꣬һ˱ȵ׼ʲô𣿡
ͻڳĲıǶˣǷ׷תͷȥֻ뿴˳ˡ
ôˣһıЩõ
ǰɣΪ˵ЩɥأҾѾȲʤȯ֮˵
οЩıһֱۣ³ʢʦڲ»ʹĺʱ̣
֪ʲô
ǰ֪Ҫ˵ĳЩ˽һЩıŭˡ
³ʢûһӣҲʮֲˬоµģǴˣ
кθ߼³ʢʵ
Ĳ߲ŵǺӶ֮ԳȥҲҪǺһǺ֮
θЩЩŵģܿŽʿǰװȥ
˵˵һıŭһָεıǾʦȰŵģ˺Ӷأ֪ͲҪ˵Ҿİ
Ŷ³ˣԣ㽫Ŀ⿴³ʢ
³ʢȻ֪ʵЩΣųȥĻջأӿɵˣԺﻹ찡
Ȼˣѵб䣿֪Щʲô³ʢһȷŵģҲпֱܳ仯㽫仯ֱӶΡ
Ϻ꣡
ﰵһ䣬αҡͷһ̾ȷб䣬߲Ϊս룬ʱ޷Ǳ밲ȶɺӹԪ˧ϧ;˴Ӷɱˣֻغˣ
ˣ³ʢһ㵵⵽װģľˡ
ոܵ˺ʹðżžʦһۣ˵ţα׼ļŵݸ³ʢ³ʢٽһһţŭӶҴ°
һУǰֱӴԲѵļٻ׸ֲˣıˣ׷׾ŵĽͷӶ
ô죿ıı䡣
οһǲҡͷ̾ĶһȺʲô˰һˣƤӣıѹûС
ʦ¹شһҪ̽ӵˣһıƺЩɵ˵
³ʢͷţ¶Ҫȷα󣬲ܶ࣬ʲôϢϣһʱܸ֪ҵȡ
³ʢΣ֪ΪҵĶӣյܹ㣬߲ҲҵļҳʲôܵϵʽҲҪģҲ֪ˣ治ŵģСţƤˣһˡ
ţҪ£Ҷ֪ʦ˵ɣ뿪ˣһߺЩıû˵ʲôǰ˼ŵУǹϵǵá
ʱ󣬲̽ӻ˱źս¹ȻƽˣҿʼĴѰЩ̽ӣ˴ǹȥʮˣֻвˣ
Ǻðһıŵ
ˣһαӶֱҪ޵ˣ
Լ磬־һıƲƲ죬ת㿴³ʢʦô찡
֪ƨ³ʢһ䣬ҲֽˣҲûã취ɡ
ס˵ɡ³ʢֻ꣬һȴˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʹҲܵϢ־ŭʲôһȻƭҵȣǱ붫ǵ̽ӵ֪ʵǿҪʹ벻ˣʱҪһˣ
ǮҲǷŭޱȣղǷƺڴ٣ΪǱƵãȲ󣬾Ȼ֪ԮɱˣǲҪʹ룬ȥʰԮܾ˵ǡ
˭룬˲Ϣ䰡תۼͷչֵزǶҲǣҲǣһʱ䶼֪ⳡӦδˣ
ڷգҲڷգⲻ֪Ƶ󣬸ӷա
Ҫȥʰ³ʢͻȻܵսµ鱨ľ֮£ǺӶˣͬʱҲ뵽һƴĻᣬǱ㿪ʼ뿪ʹ
Ȼϵ˱ţֹɱı磬벢ûеչΪԼ˴ʧ˲ٱ;裬оһֻ֣ϵŪʿ
飬ЩüĿˣջƻʱȻһǧڼױڱ⣬Ҳ˱ؽͺӶս£˾ʲôˣڼױǴӺζô룬Ҳ벻װ
󽫾ĩ
ĪͱؽǰһĹ
ˣڻ׼ɡˣһսʮˣҲûˣٲսҲֻһճˡ
սͬʱƺĪѾ˽ʱصǸ֪ǿɲа
а취ȴ
һתͷŽ׼һ£Żǹص
ڻǹóЩ
ʵ£ǿͳ˧˭û֪Ϊ̫ѡ񣬱룬гճ̣ǿӲѪͳ񴣬粣һǣͻȻ٣ŮҲͳ̵ͬʱڵ֪ҲȻˡ
Ͻ˼ܵĳʵ롣
룬ҲȻ˶ݣ³ͻȻ˭ҲûԤϵģɷϣͳı£ȷϼˡ
֮⣬кؼҺʹɹŵɸ缸ֵ˧գ˧ź뷶ȵȣǵʱǿͳ˧
ʵǿ֣ôֻһǱǹ
ǹʮ٣԰ǧǿʵֻϧֱõĻǹѣףʴȻȴ֯ǿսӣҪģƺûƻǹ÷
ò粵ٻǹɻ˻ǹӵŸոտʼѵʿǹûϤãҪǰˣð
սʤˣǹȻȱҪСʧˡ֪飬ļȰο
ͷ󽫾˵ɣҪ
ţ㰲ŻǹֻҪɣ
󽫾˼ǡܿļƲˣ
֪лǹΪǴģ֪ǹһ죬ȻΪģôֻѡһǺϣ֮ڶȻ֮ززˡ
һ֣ЦģȻˣ


441 һɢ
һСԺÿ¸ոջʶʵˣ
ţ͵үˡ»ص
һɣôˣ
ұŵ˱ˣȻЩʵзأ˲õġ
˾ͺá
οĵͷڶңоԼǷǲ٣ûжׯæҲԼôҡ
ԼΣõݣҲŲ˶ãڿû˼ˣӦĴ֣ԥݰڽ֮к̯Ƶʱ
Դˣ޿κΣֻЩ룬ȥԸԼˡ
οǴ￪ʼѰʱͻȻǹͻԽԽ졣
ôˣδ󾪣ҿһۣºͼ»ҲĪĿ档
ɱ˰ɣ»ü
ܡҡҡͷǿսͬʱҲҪһȥ赲һжڶ࣬ӴʤºҲҪˡ
ǹô£ɻ
üͷãͻȻüһɫʱüѿ
ô˴ˣ²εı󣬲ʵ
빬󣬱㽫ٻǹˣ˿̵ǹ죬϶Žɻ֧ǹڸɳģʮа˾ҾӲ
֪𣿡»ʵ
֪кãѵǰһվɰӸ򣿻һ֮ȫԸǣ
˵꣬һǹ죬Ѿ㹻ˣʶʱ񣬶뿪ɵĸǹʹǾˣ
ô죿»ľ
޷ñȨ֮ҵ粣ǻȨҲа취Է󣡡
²˳٣ǿȥɡ
š
Ӧһ׼뿪ͻȻ뵽ʲô˵ȥûбץס޷ͻƣȥȡŭŭڣӦܲ³ˣ
ʹܴڴĩʱ㱻Ϊµһ󹬣Ϊľ޽ʹŵǼֲϣϰԲϣҪ˰޼԰βǵ´ҡ
ĿĵʹѰ粣ֱͬ룬ֻܴŭˡ
йԱ棬αǴӶϴͰԺӹȥȽϰȫ˽룬رܱƵ
ʹǹһ죬ķ˵ǸոŴ˹ţͷͱһֽһףŸո¹ţӣû꣬ǹˡ
˳ʹǷֶԷƺ࣬ɴŭٴζ˻ʹš
һǿҪСˣΪǰһƺûȥڳǿǹ־ǧȥΧˣǶԷƺ⽫־ٴ˻
һԷϰݣŭǻ㲻ΪڹϺǽ֣ѵ
ȻСӣ룬Ŀǰֻкޣȴ޾£ˣΪŻ˷ѽ⡣
ĪⲻĻǹǮü
뻹˭ȻҲǹǾ׼̣ԶǹһֱҲûóֻ䱸ݾϣĶڳɶзء־ŭ
õһЩأǮ岻ܰЩԵ̫ˡ
ǹεҪҲãս󣬻Ҫɾôɱġ־ҡͷ
˵ǿܣһ֮أǮҲȻƽ
ˣ˺ƴˣ־޾
˵ƴƴˣڼϱĺӶҲаʲôƴ
ǻѵǾţ
Ȼᶯ϶ҲһϣܵõʲôѾˣҲðգ
̰
־ŭǮһ䣬ߵ´Σ񱻼˺㾹Ȼ˼˵߾ߡ
ҲǮҲŭˣĶ־һһµѪǶȻҪǲҪˣ»жӣݻûȣûǵһЩҪӣԼɽ
˵Ĳǳɣ־ɫͳĹϵҪǮöˣǮ⻳ɵĻʱŭˡ
Ǯ־˵Ŀ⣬˵˭Բ£ǲµĶԲ˵㣬ϣ㲻Ҫȡ֡
־һҲڷϻҪȥӣҲ㣬ǱµĳҪɱµ֣űֻ֮ƵնȺӶһٶ
־˵꣬ͻȻĿһǮ壬ֵҪȺ滳ˣ
ȷΪǮ壬һֱȵڣ־ĻûǮҲ֪ⲻܴŭ
˵ʲôǮ庮
˵ʲôԼһʼµͷұҪǿ˵ʲôҪűǰɣڶˣűٳٲ֣֤һ𣡶ʱ˵ǿɳ֮ڣˣӶˣҪ㾹ȻҪܣȥģǴﰡ
־Ҿ㣬˵ˣݹҲ֮ͬ飡
ߺ㻹ܰסô־˺һǮҪȥɱ󣬱˵аʮкξ壬ô󣬻ʹô࣬ң룬𣡡
㲻Ҫɵ£ǮҪֹ־ߵļվ˳¡
ģҲɵװģǻ㲻ãһã
˲żüãܶ˿ʶ㣬Ϊǻɵ𣡡Ǯ廹Ȱס
ԣҵûǷҵģҸҸ࣬һˣû꣬¾ͼݱˣڴӣûкӡҲַͬгͷ֮𣡡
־Ī롭
ûˣ׼ˣ㣬ڻͬţܾ֮ǵˣ
־˵ţѾսĿɨԼ·ĬĽʿҡͷһ̾ʶʱΪܣȻҸҪū˵˭Ƿһأ
ǮѾϻˣ֪־Ȼˣصģ־ҲǶԵģһûȻҲ㲻Ϊ˺ôϲûдΪܴѸ·ƴƴĽ칦ȫȾȥˡ
Ǯ־ͬȻҵĹĹģܿµĶʲôʧ˻Ա°
־˵߾ߣתۼʧڻʹ⣬Ǯãһֵȫˣ


442 粻ͬ
㶵һƬǸط˺ܾãղǹʱ㲻ͣ½ŲͬһʿҲв٣ľٶûκע⡣
粸ոմйȻ˵ıѾ˴룬ǻǧıڻʹЩûлǹǹǴӺζ
ˣ뵽ܣܣΪ׼߳ʱһ˽Ƕľ񣬲һѻǹ
Щǹ粲룬֪ʹٻǹõ
ǹǽرӦñ˺ܶ࣬ΪλҪɻǹȥأһûо
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ǣתȥͬʱһҲ׷Լ粵ķԸȥִС

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ة˵ļǣ˰ԸȥоǲӪ˭ҲھӪ󺰴УΥնĪŹĿʵ֪󽫾Ӷã
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Ī˵ĳϿң費Цˣ֪ĪΥ˽ԵȥݣµѺأҪȥӹĪıϿջػ軹ة࣬ʲò棬ʴĪһֻǱְΪںӶܵѹ£ĪȻûѱ䣬ѡ֧ţҪȽ졣


450 
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ȷʽϣÿ粰źú˲䶴죬ıսҲԷ벽ʲôʽƺ֪ÿÿıսڵһʱϡ
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Ҫʱ䣬ֻҪػţʱϣʱĺӶɱǸʱ򣬾粲Ҳ޷ֵʢŭĺӶˡ
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ѵɧţĪŭ
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ߵһȺҪģһвϣ㲻ҲܰˣһȥʱһȡʱȫĿˡ
边ȻûƺģЦˡ
㾡һУʼձȲүЦһ䣬ͻȻ뵽ʲôüһﾹȻʦһ֪˲˾䵽롣
θо֣ܸоӶЩ⣬ڱɧ˾ãȴֱڲŷǣǺοأ
ˣ
ԥδһǧڼױ뿪
ڼױȫսȻ죬ʮ㣬;ܾ⣬ºͺӶģۺӶ׷ʮ·󣬱ˣûлؾӪڼױңң
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ӶȻ׷ΪҪȵڣұŶˣƺҲûɱȥ֧Ԯһ£Ҫ֪ɧ˶ԷһʱԷȻ˯Ҳ˯ˣֺαؼ˯أǻңͽɱŵŭ𣬺͵оƴһˣν͵
ˣаﵹæˡɻ뵽һսºӶ뱱ץסսֱӷֱƵˣֻ˭Ҳû뵽־롣
ϣȥ޻أҪˣŭֻһʱ֧̫õģòʱǽٴαƣûӵ϶ˡν͵
ǵľٶ𣿡ɻо֮ǰֱּǰ˵ˡ
Ҳһƴɱһʱ䣬ڻһ棬˳սȥƾǵıԶǶ֣Ҳ֪һȷӶܺúõϢ򡭡
ɻԴ˴ƺʲô˵˼ǣ֪ɧţ
Ӧǰɣ
ҲȷϾһüƺҺͷ²͸ûк֣û߽Ȧס


451 ̽
ɻЩˣҪ˵ΪúӶϢȲҪػţǾΪңҪıսóս粶Ȼ⣬֮ǰ˵ģӶ״̬̫ұŽ˺ܶ࣬ǿǰ󣬲𲻵ãܿȥ
ű粻𣬿ı˶٣ȥصĻ󣬾ˣõƾսĲбܵסһν
Ҫ˵ǵĳ֣ºӶ޷ϢӦҲжԲ߲ŶԣƫƫϵڲŰŽʿ赲ǣҲ˵ȥɻҲ֪Ĳ²ǶǴ
룬ѵǺӶͳ˧Īˣɻü
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ĩǺһӦòᷴɣǳ͢ĪһСɻ͵
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ΪεڲŰ赲ҵȣɻҲˡ
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⣬ǧΪǵϣֻҪռɹ˿أһҲûԶǿͻƣڱֳսܵļ˲뱻ǼţȻ̽Ե׷ɱһΣһαӿܶˣ
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Ⱥڼױһĺڼױֻ٣ֻ֣һת۵Ĺ򣬰ΧȦγˡ
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ҿܣЦһﷳһʱѾŭˣ˿ڵõĻᣬȻʹɱˣ

ͻȻһȣȫֻɻֳֳìһìһ򳤴ԣһƥɱ֮һֳǹĺĿźʮΧȻ޾ףֻƾһǹζǧǹӰµǰһȫҽһսˤ䡣
תۼ䣬һͻƿڱ㱻ɱ˳סȱڵ޲ʶ֣ҿǰ
Բۣ
ɻû뵽վڴߣһȻд˵ƾղǹ˵ЩˣԼҲҪУһǹսˡ
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һҲǰأΥ潫죬¹شòѰ
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⻰˵ļеȷ߶޷ˣֻǰķܲ˶ѣҶǵսٶҪȶԷ죬ǶԷϺļʿƺʮ׷ˡ
Ľ죬ҲܵеùǧӶȷ޹˼ɡ
ΪԤһ컹ǷԸһҷɢ鿴ܣҴʣɱӣˣҲøҶϺ󣡡
ҲֻˡһЩƲߣоʲô©󣬱ϵĴӦ
ɱ
ǧֱɱӵĽֵС
ţ
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ӱÿ죬ȥҲ죬׷ѣûȥ׷ǿ˿ߵһǵ㣬ǺӶӪڵأΪ̫Զֻܿϸ׵΢⡣
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ӶܿߣҲһСԶԶĸں棬ǿӶӪں󣬱㱻оĿˣԷ࣬Ҳǿ˼ֻ΢˺һЩ㾲Ĺ۲ӶӪ
ӪܰǧȥҲûдʲôֻûãһ֣Ҳǧҿװο϶֮ǰ
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Ȼ⣬ӶȻóսȴԪ˧ãʮа˾Ų֪ˣ
⻰ɻ㶣ͻȻʵܿˣ


452 ףо
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ĩ֪οģɻ
㲻ѣ룬ղ̽ԵΣǶ׷һξ룬ˣԣһҲӦͳ˧ˡ
˵⣬ӹˮңһں󣬲ǻңͰѷ˵ĲӬˣܰߣ
⻰԰ԼɲӬˣ˿ûн⣬ɻҡҡͷ˼ҶԼʲôͻӥɷһȻǲӬ
һ˵м޵ģһʱһȻһʱ˵̲̣㹻һ˸Ʒˡ
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ץס裡
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ģҲֵȥģɻ̫࣬Ѿûе³çˣǸ֮󣬾Ȼ㵵ķ֣㲻һһ䣬Ҳܸıս֣ʮ
˵ú㣬Ϊ˱ʿ㣬޷ǾˣֻҪ˾裬ôҲһΪֻƺðˡ
ֻºͼ»һ·ϻسУоսʱɾ㵵ķ֣精Ȼˡ
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453 Ů
߾ûҪŭΣҲֻһЦ
ͬǵһο߾Щ֪ӣ֪ԼղŵЩˣҲֳܹ߾ǰԼսȷʿκܵģ粵ʵӪĿֲ
治֪书ôڵһǼٵģҲֻӰˣοɲұ֤˼裬ûӪĴ̿ͻ֮С
Ҫ֪ռңػ߽Ľ֮ɥĵطսбоɱģҲбӪҰɱģȻ˾ôΣգҪСɥһǣƱ߽ʵĹȷչ
Բù˼ЩˣûռңŻǹͬػ߽
β֪ǲԼĴⶫ粶࿴ͬʱϣǹܰɨ¡
ֻǾ治ڱ䣬һյĴԺΪ¡ĵλ룬͢һƻĶĴԺҪץס֣ɰٰڣҸ
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ȻҪˣҲõˣӰڰôһս֮УӪԻ֣粵Ĵˡ
һ侲ӰȥģǸӰǼ٣ĹϵʼЩ˵Ҳ뻳㣬ӪܿҪˣӦҵĵǣ
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߾Щûõģ˵ڵĵط󣬱һͬǰߡ
Ŵϣֳŭվڴ󷽣ָӽʿţοƽʱûκμֻǺƽվڽ
㲻Ҫվʲô߾粵ıӰ
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߾üһƺʱЩ˽ˡ
Ȼ⣬ƾʱ˭ҲȰǶ粣ȴģ棬֪粲ܸɴ࣬ԹԵվҪͦѣΪغһ˵ϡ
߾Ѿ뵽ֻҪӪһ֣һԻڵһʱȥԥĽŴ˸
˶ңҿ²ٰҪˡ߾뵽⣬΢죬΢΢ƫͷٿһۡ
Ԫ˧оʸƺԴԴȥ޷ʱڹ±Űһ
ûǹɡһ
ҡҡͷǹǴɽƽԭĲȴʺϹǣûǹֻ˷ѵҩѡ
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ò˵űʮ粼вУҲ޵׶ս
ã𣬵оҪûˣҵȶ磬һ쿴ųǽϣͻȻˣе
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ĩνȭӦŵתȥ
ųһҲĽʿ
˻𹥣ʱǰʿҪ˲٣ǴһֱӶƵòٽʿˣҿǰ
οҲˣҲˣʼպ粱ʮɾ룬úĽʿ󣬲бģΪ̰֮ȻŮ治Ҫ
Ȼע⵽ǣԴĿؾ˼ǣǲҲǶŮ˺𣬻˵ҡ
ɱ
ͻȻƽҲֵͻȻɱһֱȡ¥ݶȥ
ڳ׼ȫݣҺ䣡ͻȻһĹǽʿ޲׼ʱʮڳȫе¥ݣʮʯԼͬĺȥɲʱʮ
ɱ־Ѿ׼ãʱѵʾֱȡǽɲʱݹɶ𣬾ó¥ϵʿ޲ɵۡ
尡ҴţνͬʱӾֱƳŶȥ
粵Ķܿ죬ڻƸոռʱ֣ЩŻҪϢһµôֲ
˴󽫾оͣҾܲ˶ˡԳһŵ
üͷ壬ղоƽ֣־ˣ粳ֺ󣬵оʿԽԽͣƵֻóű紵û𹥱˵оû뵽Էƺ͵û𹥣ŨĺڵҰǿ͵͵·׼
ŮҵõҲ˶ã
ĵһ䣬Ӷһƣɱ
ʱҪúӶˣ
ԣŤͷһۣʱһߵ
ǽ⣬Ѿľݣţֱӳǣ𼱻ǵĸϵӶӪʱľȻ裬Ī
֪ѾͳӶĪⱻΪ֣ҲֻʱԵģֻҪ£ĪĵλȻˮǴߣƺڸĪһûҪñȨ
ة࣡
һȭ̧ͷ󽫾ҪӶɱˡ
ţ֪ˣȥ󽫾Ӷ̳
˵꣬תȥıӰͻȻһЦת˧ڣ棬һѪһλеĽ죬˫ĿԲĶ񶥣ʺϵȺѪҺ


454 µŮ
ʬǰĪʬƬ̣ͻȻǹһаЦݣĪϸƬ̣һһűƤȻС
Īϣ˿Ѫ֮ǰǵѪˮҲɣֻƤպ˲٣˫Ŀһ
һУͻȻԼһĨ̼䣬һƤͬǣƤɿݲϵĲ٣ٿ裬ﻹٵӣȫһס
ֱӵƤǴóСƿһЩ͸ҺͿĨŽĪƤȥʱһĪվ
ţЩԡ
Īһ䣬ڱǼšһ£ԿıǼ⣬С֣ĪааһЦ߳ϵЦ⾡գȡ֮һء
ˡĪͻȻߺһ
ְڡʿĪǰߵ׵
ȫɱ
ھҪˣʿǵ³ԲʿԶһǵ
ɽֻһֵˡĪҡͷһ̾
󽫾Ǽֲסˣ²˳٣ҵȼɶɡƬ̣һӵɢѸӪʿ


սѾӽβȻаǧռݳ¥糱ˮıֻܲˣ³¥ϵԽԽ࣬Խӵʩչ
ֵµĽʿѾˣΪӵӵȺ޷´ĽʿΪĿ־壬ѡ񶪱жףͶ
ӶΪλûЩˣѾ´ӣʱ㹻ӶװˣǳľӪƺܰ
ˣˣϲָź˵
Ťͷһһתͷ糱ˮ¥ĵоЦ֪ͨȫ׼
Ԯѵ󽫾׼
һȣõ˫УյϢԸν£ǹռݱŴ෿ᣬֻҪеоǣҴ򣡡
ְʿȥæѾռ˱ҪŻǹصмֱ׾٣Իǹһ룬뽫ʿܣҲֱ˿̣ǲ֪ΪʲôԪ˧Ҫνţ÷оˡ
ֹǷ㰡ֱ̫ˣǶ
֮ңԣһյʱ䣬Ӷǧսɱ뱱ʱѾ˹ţȫе˽ֵϣҲҵ󣬷׷״󺰴еɱ
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ͻȻǰֱӱӶսײɡ
⡭
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ͻȻһȵʱǹſոײԼ˵ĺӶȻûƺͣ٣ֱɱ˽ֵǼ˾ͿԷ
󽫾ʲô㵵
üͷһ壬ȻԺӶЧ⣬˲оҲòɱֵԼҲɡ
Ī
ԣ˴ϢǵãϢûдȥ´ľجġ
²ˣ󽫾Īˣɱʮˣ
ʲô𾪵︽ӣԭء
üͳ˫Ŀ䡣
󽫾ô죿ĪȻˣһة˼Ҳ
ĪҵķѲһ㾹Ȼͷңãܺð
ͻȻĴЦγһս߾ٹͷȵɱɱˣһ
ƺˣҪŽʿȥ汳ǽһɽ춼ףӶһˣȻҪһԼأҪȥ
죬ܱܿڴһˣʤˣ󽫾ҵȣֻһսˣСǣɱ
һ˱ɱȥ
ʣĽ춼㿴ңҿ㣬ΪͽȾģҲɱȥأϵ˼ǰ󣬿սǽսʤǰ;Ȼɹƣɾʣˣ˼뻹սأӶ˵ˣոյõϢڿȫʢʱڣζԿ
ֵܸߣȥ󽫾ɡһ˵꣬ת½ʿ׷Ĳȥ뿪µ˶ǱֳĬµʿ䣬ҲĿԼĽ
顭
һĻǹڽֵը죬ýֵĺӶҽвֹ
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粵Ȼ֪ӶΪ蹷һ㣬˾ҧ˽ʿغ󣬱㾲Ŀš
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ʲôȻ֪Ӷᷴ߾Ȼ֪֮ǰγȥһΣܲ³ȥӶˣӶϢʱ䣬ݲϢͷ°
ûнͣһֱϵ粣߾ɼһλͻȻҵ̬ȱˣ֪ӶӰˡ
ʲôס㰡
ҡҡͷתų߾治ˣǸöð
⻰ǻɣҲǿ϶һϣ
߾Цˣǳ˫һգգֱεʱ֤һУֻӰƻûǰĪǴҪһֱСŮӸң
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Ҫúñ˼ˣ߾ȻһЦ
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ԣһ֪Ŵʱ̶Σգ̲סٴתų߾̿ˮô֪
ͲùˣúÿĴԪ˧߾˵꣬һڵĳһС֣СʶȤĴӽֱߵ￸һΣ˳߾ǰ߾ºһСѾں˲ߣһСŸոտˮʼΪ߾衣
⡭
㶵ĿһĻ벻߾Ȼ⶯ˣ˾ʲôˣǵԼ棬Գ߾ϹϾӣȻǴŮԼͷŻĿܣ£
˵ûɽҲõģҵ˿ɲʲô֣Ӧ˵ҲǸְֻ֣ͬˣ˵ˣҲ׽ǣҪ֪Ǿ˭ûͬɱңҲ֪
߾򶨣κܲ򶨣ΪŮ̫ˣȻ˵˶ѾɢˣҲû˼֣֯⼸Сէ£


455 ͬ
ǰòɿѪȾ֣澲ԺϸƷ治֪߾£ɰڰѱץסҲȰ˵ֻܸɰͰ͵ĵע⵽ɺã
ڹ𣿻˵оվߣԵöˣ߾ûεȰ˵ɾš
ɨһĽʿЦһ㰮ɡ
߾ǵҲȱֵĿŮˣθ֪ЩСʲôֻھУĿģĪֻǰԼ˵ƾʲôԼοɲţԼصҲΪĵز
ֱʣ϶ʲʲôˣҪǿλЩİѴŮëˣ㲻Լһˣ
ӶȻѱ䣬ôֶΣֻˣĪķˣпһսɥ߾ͻȻ˵
εͷǾƾЩˣҪɱܣĪ
Ȼ֪ҲӶӰƣ֪ҪͬʱԪ˧ЩӶɱΪ֤ˡ
㵽˵ʲôü
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ɷܲƽʱкܶ취ҳڼ飬սʱȣûʱҳڼˡ
취ûУͿ䲻ˣ߾ͻȻһЦ
˫üһòڻɣİ취Ƿ뿪ǲܵġ
衣
߾ҡҡͷ͵ǹѧӪˣҪ뾫׼ޱȵûǹĿ꣬һڸܣֻ˼Ԫ˧ķλǹʱעԪ˧㽫Ѻ͹ѯʼɡ
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Ƭ̣ʮָɴĵͷ
Ҳˣֱӽйļ죬Щѯ£һƻǹд̿ͣҪԪ˧ʱЩһ֪ʮΣҲˣ˲鿴˵
˾һУȻڶ̶̰ʱ㷢ļһЩ˱Ѻ߾ǰ󣬾ȻͬһֽڣһƵĲеĽڣǱԪ˧̫ˣ̲ס
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߾һ˵ĽͺͻȻе
ˣ˵İСĵȷĽԪ˧Ⱞ֮˽֮ΪУСȴأһǹü
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ԸˣȻϲкβ˵ġǹһ
߾ЦһԪ˧ӵǲС
˵ţ߾Ťͷεз֮ҲҵǣǼ٣ɱϷŹ
⡭
û뵽߾ϰȻŻֶΣΪŮʲôأ粳ôƯθұ֤Ǹ˶ϲȻﲻҲܰа粵Сն˰ɡ
ˣҿûʲôΪҪɱңǹŭ
߾ûǹһֻۣǶεҪǲ֣һ
ãɱˣɸҰû
Ͼ߾ֵЩˣСŮˣֻ߾һȥնˣ
ʱСǹڻǹУȥ
ǹĽܴ󣬵Ҳǰ粵ĶУΪиĲҽء
ܵĽʿһĻʶ̿ˮֻų߾ֵһ
ʱһΡΡĻǹߵǰͻȻͨһ߾¹ĵ˲ðСҲֻһɫϣҲûижСİɡ
ж˻˵ãҪñˣȻµĽñֱ壬ȥնˡ
ų߾һǹҲҽţȥ
һһĻǹ߾ǰڳ߾ĪеĴñӿԴһһĽԩСȥնס
ȥ¾ġһǰ
ѾǿˣԲֻü߾˵һ㡱֣߾ЦһˣζӦװɣ

һվһһˡ
˵Ľ쿴飬һݣų߾ŭ㾹вֱ̣ǡ
δȽ˵꣬߾ɨһ̵ۣŴȣ˿ɺã
⡭ŴһɰͰ͵ĵá
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λˣĩ֪ˡŴ𾪵ĿУεĳų߾һ䲻Ǻ󣬱ĬĬ˵һԣտڲˡ
٣ʲôø첲Ŵȵֵʵ
Ҳûʲôֻĩһξһ⣬ΪĸϲΪ˴ĩĸ״׷˭ģĩû˵ĸҲʴҲˣ˵ĸǰ˵ĩҪˣ
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һˡŴȸЦ
Ĳһأκ
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⡭
û뵽ֵĽ죬ȻĸεǺ棬ĸʲôͣȻǿӲȵز
Ŵƺεɻ󣬱Цĸǰ̫ԭؽ
Ŷˡ⣬ʱ뵽ԼҲŮԼӶùˣοŮ֮ء
Ӧõġ
ŴȺһЦ֮ͬ࣬ʱͻȻ߾һվס
ôˣκŴȶתͷȥֻСͻȻȥһǹ
ˣҲǻǹԿСơʿ˵ţ㽫һСֵľ˳
ȡ֣˼ǵǻǹѵӪҲҪ飿ҲҪնû
߾ûǿŵģȴģȥλ㿴ƻڲڣ
˻һ˶һ㶣С䣬Ƭ̺ɫ䣬ˣôղŻö˶˵ġ
һ⻰ζʱ׹ոսĿɨٵʱͻȻһèӼСͬʱһһذױĿ꣬Ρ
󵨣
ԵŴͻȻһһӭȥӣƺҪһֶУȻ͹˶ԷʵֻٵֱһΣŴȭͷϻһѪڣذһ̣ҪȡŴ
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ŴƺһϰֱӺͬʱץסٵϮֱۣһмٵĸһˣץסٵֱһֱ岽ж˼ٵһذסॡһڵء

ŴһƵк󣬾Ȼγ彣θϽѵ
ŴȻ׽̿͵Ҫԣó彣ҲֻҪڶԷĲϣöԷҼû뵽һﾹȻֱӰѲӴս彣˦ͷһĨʱѪˮ罦


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Ȼܿ̿ԼѲӴȥģһԸѾЩˣǸǵӪʿֱҲû¶Ϣ֤һ
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ֻǿθˣʵ׶ģ̰ɡ߾ûνͣȻˬҲûʲô취ڣӭģǾ䡰һˡʲôģҪ֪ˣ¡Ǻǡ
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һСҴҵĻص߾ߣֹ䣬߾֣С㽫һ鶫˳߾
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ף
εͷץƤ㽻һԵŴȣŴѾ߾ĻȻôȻҪнʿЩѣһЩο·ǿȫء
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ŴգӹƤСİɣĩ׵ġ
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Ĳǲκãû˻ˣ߾û˵գŽ͵ŴȼռһرŴ֮ĸ̫Ѯ֮ȥ껹󽫾ڼݵһʮԪ˧ԼͶԷġ
Ҳ֪ȻԳ߾֪룬Ѿ𾪵ԸˣЩ̲ס㵵
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οɾԸұ֤Լ治ʲôٶ˵˭ء
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߾һ쿪ΪԼ£ⲻ֪һһ˼ţǸ˱ӰӰϺӴƣգһ˿ຣУ˵ڵһӰӴ󣬱ˣ
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㵣ʲôͳ̵ĿɲңԪ˧
߾˵⣬ݵ粱ӰЩζľ棬ǻ޷ӮǾͲˣ
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ΪҪʲô󷨵ֵĹʱͻȻ㿴һ֣нһܡʱ˾ͳսС
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μһĶҲ˳߾ˣƿȺ׷ȥ
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⹧Ҳ֪Ӻδʧδֺû˴Ӧ߾һһУˡ
ǲʱ䣬ˡ
С㣬òΪСӣҪӰɣ
ûֻ֣֮໥ã̸ηأҴѱӰǺüֵᣬˡ߾
ˣ²òС㣬Ӱ֪ˣҪܵӪ޾׷ɱˣ
˵꣬ƺʲôδȳ߾ڣңСҲҵ˰ѵȥ̳дͳСĲǣЩ׾ԲĶְкαȥ룬أ
ˣǺǡ
߾ͻȻЦˣЦĺܲȻöսܵĽʿעеǰߣ¶𾪵ĿݲļСˡ
ɱҸףֳĸףɩɩ۸ҵܵܣֶ˵⻹𣿡
үأûС
˵꣬߾ЦҸײ֣֮ȴµ˿ӣǵʰѵӼϣҲûнյķ⣬˱ɶˣպĪҪᣬ飡
˳Ĭ˺ܾãŴһ̾


457 µŮ
һ̽䡣
Ѿûȡʤĳ룬ԼԼȥģʤСĿҲͷΪѾûлͷ·ˣ
ҵĵ֣󶼻ģ
󽫾ɱȥɣ
ǰȻ˶ڣǱɢĪ⹷ǣƣҵɱоĺʱ
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ãֵܣҾսҲźˣ·һ̣ᵽʲôͻȻһҪͶĳ嶯뷨ֻһ˲䣬㱻ɱӣתۼ㱻ǹɷѵĽˡ
ɱ
ʢŭһֻһƱڣʱʿϣ嵽ֵϣʼͻ谭
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464 
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ΣֻôŴСһ·ǣ˰ƥϵȵĺƫƫǶ滹һСǣҿű֪٣˿һƥͨںڣѩ׵Ŀε̤ѩ
СѩѩˡЦţֱ̤ܵѩߣϲ۵ţֱ̤ѩȥ
һĻȻǼֲ֣϶ŵһ亹֪ƥĿֲǰǺչˣͷҲҡĴӦˣǺǼѪ㶼Ҫɥƥˡ
֮ÿιʱǶľսģֲܲι˵ıԿɶģַιÿһο̤ѩǴ˻ȥʱһã˼Ȼڴˣֻ棬һһκ󣬾ȻһȳһյĻصǰģҲιˣֵ˶̤ѩɼҲ޿κˣ֮һʱ䲻ιȻֱ˶ʳԣζզΣ֮ʵˣѪϹҲ۸ˣҲǰԼ塣
֣ȫ˺λڣ޷ƫƫʹСҿһȥ𾪵ģ̤ѩȻᣬóԵĳԣúȵĺȣϴܣɴС֣Ϊ
ϲСҶҲԣ
뵽⣬϶ﲻɴһҪӣһӻôڳ԰˰ɡ


465 س
㶵ĿһϮףӢˬ޽ǽ
һһʱæβųкߵǰЦôˣ
㿴ҲæˣҰҲȫˣҾͲòκˣҴͻس
ԣɫһָܿƽͷ๫˷ȥҪౣذ
š
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Ҳ˵£Ȼ֪ϵڴʲộ֪ϵǹٿ϶⡣
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ҲϲЩƺϲ侲΢΢һ̾ȴЦİɣ֪ôӦԡ
ЦЦֵˣѾˣԸؼʱʲôôͱ¿
û뵽๫ζץˣ䲻֪ץģȷһô粵ȻһЦ˵ʲôͻȻһ㱨ƺǼ£ν˻ᣬֹ˵̸ĬĬˡ
ˣԥҲȻԼұûн𣬲ں֮ڹβķˣȻκԼңڳļ˰ȫѡ˺ߣţ粱Լҡ
£һҿ촬˷ˣų
ϣʮ򣬱ֻĸˣΣ£»ͷ
˶ܳĬϲ˵ļ»һء
β֪λسʲôյԼһֱڴϢȴٳٲ¶棬ֱ򸵴ǹˣ֪ڵˡ
սѾȥ£ʱ﷢˺ܶ飬رǳϢ򸵴ǹ٣粲ܵ飬ķͬʱ߲Ҳܵ͢گȥ˵շӶйؾܷ⣬ﰵֵ˭Ϊʲô
ճǱߣҲܵͬֻŹݵĽڣ޷뿪Ҫȳֵ͢ͳ˧źóȥ
ճ̲Ϻ꣬ϼΪϳ͢͢޻˵ȳ͢ͳ˧ܻܲճǰǾ˵ˡ
ЩҪʼԸˣĵ룬Ҳһ㣬Ϊ֪ܶ˲֪룬Щģ¿޷õƽˡ
ǰ̫̫ƽȫûиоֻԼܹúþУڣˣ򵽡Ƽĸֵ˼ⲻ˵һû˾ûˣٽˣǹƵʱжټһҪˣ᲻ԼͼҲУ
ΪʲôͲҴԽһ̫ƽʢأڼװϣ㶵Ŀжơ


Ϊʲôûأ
ʮָԺʯϣһƮİƣСﲻš
⼸죬򸮵˺ܳԾΪС㾹ȻƽûյĵƤãȻһͬʱҲģǲǴС㲡ˣ
֪С׵Ĳ²һֱΣȥѾʮˣû
ӵһοʼСͲڼӳ룬һ죬ݺݳͷһ죬һѾûȤˡ
ˣʯ˻ġԪͻȻߵʯԣСԼϡ
̣˵ܿͻˣǶʮˣΪʲôأ
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Щ˾ͻƭˣ˵˵ͻˣǵزǲ
ԪԶʱ̾СһԽԽˣ֪룬ﲡˡ
԰󣬿ɲҪ߶߶ûسŵ
СԿһЦǲǵӦ˷ʲôȴٳٲ϶ְ
˭˵ģ
ս˵İ
˵ʲôԪﾪ
˵˺ܶأ˵ǵС檣Ϊڣҳϣ˵ԼǱƭС檣ҲΪĹϵҲҳϣܺ棬Ƕ´ʲôôо˺ܺأġ
ԪﻹõĻĿѾĴѰ٣ƺҵǸգ㣡㣡ǲϰˡ
ɣո߽ԺӣŮŷԪһЦ㿴ֵӣߣȥˬˬ
ǸãˬˬΣԪЦȻķС硣
粻ԣĿƼֱЦ󣬶ʱʲôСѾͷֺ˵ʲô
СͣᶮʲôĳЩ˹أ
㣬Ҫʲô翴ߵǰ־ͱסķԪ
սɱ곤㣬ӿɳܲ𣡡Ԫ˵ţʮָѾʼˡ
һҪӳԪħ֣СȷԪﰫ˰ͷشԲƫƫϸԪһ첲ǿѿɾѿ
Ůݵĵһ󣬻ϰֱ֣ҲҪʱŮ֣ǿɺԼģСҲѾĿɲ֪ʲôŮ˵ߴһϣ˫Сֱּ̫Ҫˣֻץ£㹻Ůܵˡ
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ǿˣβ֣°ſƨƨߵĹɣԪЦ
װˣôֲǲ֪뷨Ҳϣ㲻Ҫǣ˭Ƚŵģ
⻰Ԫ˫üһ˳๫ģֻǽޣСҲˣ
٣ҾͲףϲСһ㣿ͻȻһƬƦģ
θɡ
ԪﵭȻһЦת˹СǸ
˵ʲôֻֻ֪Ҫս˵Ҹ㰡ǧҪ֪߱ôôġ
һЩдȥ󣬶ʱսҪܵ׺ͷ̵ĥϲĳ棬Ϊÿﶼú֣
ˣղŹˣټ˷ˣ̸֪ôˣñԪŪҵü
Ԫһ㶣üүǹٲãӦûᾡ˽ӴϣֽΪȴ
ѵǸСʵ۲ģҪҷˣЦ
ޡ
ԪȻܲŮһڣǵСҲѧҲССһڣǵ÷Ԫ̲ססıǼ⣬СҲԿ־ץסԪǡ
ŮʱͻȻӷ˽Цȥ⹫š


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ʱ̫ͬҲŷ¡ߵ󣬲Цߺ
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̫ٴת˭Ҳ˭׺󣬸ղŵЦգѾһ⡣


467 Ӳʩ
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Ķóԣȥԣʲô͸ʲôӷȰ
ððҲԷˡ

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лл⹫⹫ˡСƿЦ
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
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ô˶磿Ѫ濴Ŷ
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ӳĿһɨͻȻʵأ
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ӳ۴˴ջĿصĵߣš
Ѫïǻͳ빬ģԳݣǸڹȺ򣬶⹬ȴ빬Ųʮɡ
˼һʱڹƺ֪󹬷룬Ҳûйرա
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ȷӳ۵Ĳ²⣬֪󹬷롣


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ɣ뿪Ǹ˵ȥˣһŮ֮ڶ̫ϻʺʹһҡͷ
͵˵ǶԲܷš
˻û˵꣬ͻȻоӱһסֻоһᣬű㲻ʡˡ

ʮû뵽̫Ȼû֣Ȼ֮ǰʮһֱľٶ̫죬ֻһգ۵Ĺ˻ûһֵܱˡ
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ӷ໹ھУܲ˿
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ײм춯һһ٣Ȼ֪ƣ޾ͷɵ㣬һʱǴغڣ񺿡


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ʯüһһ⣬ة
ǻ䣬ʯʱогھֶ̿Էһ룬ŵĽ
ȻةȻΪֱĴʯؿڡ
ʯ󾪣ƹ֮ӰΣƵٴ˺˵ǽǣǲƫеĽ

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֮յΣУͻȻةüһһѿһһšʱʯ˫еͻȻһתֱӸ˫ϵѪ⡣
ةȻûһɱʯתһʱһһķɵͱն룬ڵء


472 
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һ˫ĿһУ˦ֻѷɵͻȻһֵһīķɵ
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һ֮յĴһഩةͷһδ̿գƺЩӦ廹ǰƽţһս˻ᣬһѷɵֱӴةؿڡ
ةüһͻȻһ䣬˫սΪɨʱɨһǰĽоһ΢΢ǰһ룬յǰһ̣һͻȻһѺɫɵǰ
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һͻȻһؿڣʱ硱ʮѶѵķɵһأЩǸղźɫɵײǰʱϵķɵ
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ܴ𣿡һͻȻʵ
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仹ĸɷᵽסӷĸۡһЩ룬ȻʱţһȺ˼ҵģ˭ûȥսʴˣĸһֱ֪Լӻһƥ
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ةżݶϺݺһ̤õļΪݶ̤ͬʱȻûݣٶȴﵽ죬һҵļŲݶϻΪӰ̤ݶ顱ը죬һƬ顣
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СոϵĲ裬׼ʱͻȻһֻųڼǰЩӸ̤ˣãȻϵĲͱӣûôõˣȫһɣһ̵Ĳˮײһ̵
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ة˫üһïĿӵıˡ

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׷üͷһ壬ƺ˼޹Ȼûһƻʿ䣬ΪͬȺֻճɻңСҪķˣֱ³ǽˤķǡ
˫̽һץסʿ䣬׷߽ٴֱӻͷĳǽϡ
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ҲǱƲѰɡ
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ѽǰ꣬ǲҪȥˡѽôҵĻأ
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Ǳһ˱֮ڰգô󺰴У˼ϵӷ࣬ҲɳеҪ
𾪺;ŵʱۿҪ˵ͻȻͣ˰գһӰ֣һһ̣˵ɴ۾ŵĿΣСءķһ仰
ӷбۿŴԴһǶҲҶֺ
ֱһ飬轣˵ʺյĳӷջն˿󣬻Ϊһ⣬û䡣
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⻵һſŮӷŮƺŻعݺݵεһۣŮڻมĺš
ⲻû˵ǰë𡣡οЦ
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ҪٴʱͻȻ»ԶݵĽе˴ˣɱɱɱˣ
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480 ˭
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˼»һۣ㽫Ŀ⿴˺󷽣૵ûСܴù˼𡣡

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ڹȥ͵ɽˣǾͲҵˡ»ѵ
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Ŀ๫ͬʱԪ˧ɷҪǰץסȹͽж󣬹룬˷ܵĻֱˡ
װ׵Ĵ;ֳȥˣɷҲмͬʱš


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һΣةˣǰͻȻֵǹȻҲǳɽϣǣĹ켣ǹж
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ӪѾκβ粣ôҪӷ֣ӷҲˣǵȫ̼ƻ᳹ˡ
ǰһȻ֮ǰʩչԵǹһһƽ⣬Ȼ̫ǹһ֣ȻԴ޲ߣƺÿһǣߣ⻹ةͷһ
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ةȻ鴫Ǵûкúݶ֮ģҪ²סգĿɨܳĺˣʽͻȻ죬תۼ̳ʮǹ˵ɱ
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˵ةˣةΪУԭΪ

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õİɣŮһ㽫Ŀ⿴棬˼ĳˣ


483 Եǧ
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׺ܳβòøάָˮϣһٶȻ죬ΪǨٶҲ鲻ȥһǱ׷ĺˡ
ˮԣҲˮЦˣ׷ĺ˹ЦţγսһһĴս

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ģûԣΰһ濼ҪҪεʱͻȻǰһ¥Ȼʻˡ
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κץһӣȥο쵽װʱͻȻһֱɫ쵽ǰ
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⻰û˵أͻȻŮһץסֱӾͰ
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ŮӾȻ㲻˫ֲɣ˼ҲҪˣֻҪԸ⸺𣬾߰ɣ



484 ɱ
һУ˺ܶ⣬Ȼ粣ö˶˵ӣƫƫϲ̣ŮССͣ͹龫ˣаԼΪΪĳЩ飬£ǡ˴˵е֮⣡
ܳȥˡγ̹ﹰֵ
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οһɣɺݺԼһ⣬һʹ𰡸磬Լҳȥ𣡡
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ױŨú͹ƵģԺ󵭵㣬ײһ
⣬⻰ͻȻһ٣ЦǸ磬Ըô
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𣡡ǲĴԼһֻۣ˸ɾ·ԼȷмַɣƼŮĿ󣬲һ㶣Ϊ֣ӾȻµıӰ㶷
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أ⣿ɻûмǴŮӦӺŮҽŮͽܲŶԡ
ʦһźʦΪ·ϴˣйӵĴ·ǱĴһˡŮص
ΪʲôǼһҲڣü
ŮȻ֪˵˭ˣһĵĵͷǸƨ棬ǳˡ
ŮȻٰ̰㲻ǽ͵Ϊ˶ӣҲˣõӣɣˣ
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ˣһ˸ˣҺСչһأŮͻȻ˵
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κֹƣةȻһ֮趯Ƶ˽˲á
е˵Ŀ£Ŷ̶̰ʱ֮ǰ˵ةǿȵزֱˣ


485 г
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пܣаɣ˵ţǹͻȻ̶Ԥϵİةһ
УҪɶεĽƮӰʵһԷסûб仯ͻƶԷķأͻ轣һرֻͨóѣҲԶةԽӴã͸оֻ֮С
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ʤľܿ㳯ζ˵ةֻз޷ʱһٴα˵˼װǰˡ
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ʲôղǺ˭Ϊ׷ǣʱ򣬴߳һӢĹӸ硣
תͷŶԷллйӳĴ̿ͣΪҶ˵֪ҪɱĿϢϻ˭֪¶һ·׷ɱˣ

йüһ壬ƺЩǣȻʵϾҲһ̷֮ǵģһ˵мңǿҪټľˣ
йӷģѱҴأֻҪһȥ󽫾һ⣬֪Ԫ˧Ԫ˧ᰲ˱мңЦ
ˡйӵǲ⣬ѾҳֵزѾѲҵ˳ˣһᵽԺڳӡ
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йһ·չˣָмɼҪлйӵĺ⡣ݷһǷȻһЦ
٣µһĳĴѾĳĸˣٹҪٶ࣬ĳҲһüͷġйӵЦ
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ʶ䣬ݷͻȻһΣµĿߣƼݷһȴɫŤͷƺǵ롣
ݷĿвɲһ˿ʧ䣬Ȼû˿ȴԼһ¡
Σݷʮָмģرһ߳ſʼɫɫˣУȻҲˣˣϰʮʮа˾ţ޲Ƕ¶ߵƫƫ꣬ȻǷУ˵ܹݣտʼݷٻţڴţΪһʶڣƺ
ô𣿡ݷһ䣬ɸӵŭεȷһˣºܳ񣬲·ʱ⣬ҲϵԷԼ⾹ЩܿƣƺһƮһƮķɵϡ
϶Ǹжݷգǿ򶨵ģͻȻĻȴջˡ
йӿԸٹһ
⻰һڣݷٱһЩŵĿһΣȴһﾹѾǣ̲סҪʱͻȻߵйӾȻһץס裬²ĵúúã²˳٣͵Ϲٱ
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ݷҪĿ⻹ΣһﻹǱͻȻоһίҪһҧӦʱͻȻǰδһҪ
๫ݷͻȻйӵֱ֣Ρ
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תͷΪΣһȺĪ
ˣ̫ˣ˵գתҪ˽ͣͻȻ䣬΢΢һ𣬽һ뻳С

ݷͻȻһֱӰεԴ·ˡ
ݷҲɵסˣͻȻεߣһȹһö㷢ЩµĵաղšСӣԣгӡ
Ҫ˵⻰һ浱ǴģҲ̫˰ɣ˵ڻܸƨӰ
û˵һڣͻȻֻšءһƵľ죬¥ھҡ֮ղŵ𶯾޴ʮ౶ݷһվȣסٴαסοɲţֱӰ˹չ֧ŵվš
ʲôйӱˤڼװϣոջæ⻰û˵꣬ͻȻ䣬һͣ¥ٴξҡΡ
´ľľͷײ˴ϣҲҪţֻҪתͷλȥաѵ
Դԣĵĳ嵽װߣһɴ󾪣ֻǰˮϣȻƯʮִľЩľǰ˶Ѿ⣬źˮƶݺݵײ¥ϡ
һ»ûʲôʮʮº⴬¾;ˣǰߵһƬӣ˿̻˼ľҡεļȻڿ


486 ƴ
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ةںεĻ־ͺʹһһ֮˵ıɣǰԼȥ̤ʯǱɣةкܶλߵĺƽε嶾Ҳöֻ֣һǾֻȥˡ
ةãΪǱɣҲݱɣʵҲòЩĵֶΡ
ϣϣʮѾľε¥ԣøոòõϴϣϴ
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487 ﷭
ŻļһĶģģѽ͵͵ȥȥ
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Х̤һصķɳǺ˿Բֹ
Ҫ°ͻȻһ˦СϣŲҳļУлֵղҪס𣬿һײںˣܽȥˣҪˣ𰡣
⡭С֪ҪСĻΪΪûˡ
Сû˵꣬ͿɵԲӣŵֻðɤ¶С
ˣûˣأٴְˣ𡣡
С֪Сһƨƨߵܵ˳⣬ʼչ˵ĵ֡
ŽĿ⿴Ѱ˼Ƭ̣ͻȻһЦĵողöӽȥŮˣ治֪ӵݻ᲻ᱩ¶һǲҪֱ̫ˣǽӴˣܱܿӪ˲ʱ鷳ˡ
ǣһֱڰǳ͢ң߻ٶ̽ӣȻ˶֪ȴȥ飬رʱץŵĶæ˭˼ȥܰЩ̽ӰֻҪ¡ҶˣôЩ̽Ȼɢˡ



ʹУ鷿ڴһˬʵĴЦ
⣬Сķһòĺ˿ᣬϻλʵ
һ˽޹ϷβЦź˵
Ӱް߰ף˵̬ӣʳ˫ǲɣһʱɸһֲòӵĴƺһ˲䣬Լ͵һͷУҲ
ָоʮֲˬΪѾѻλˣÿӰǰʱϰԵķŵ̬ʷŵκһʵϣ˭ܵȻȻ
ӰкܴôͷһԼȣ
ˣ¡̫ʧһˣ㻹ûǶ𣿡ͻȻü
طǶ㲻˶ã㻹취粺ճ̵ıȨջɡӰ䲻ȵ
˵򵥣Ҫֱگ飬ֱӰǱƷˣرճ̣ϺɳֱĽ춼ڰ·ɱˣѱɽΪҪʾɽ
ճ˼򵥾ܰƽҲòŵȵˣĴУʱڣƲʲôˣΪ֮ƣǿշ粵ıȥƺûʲôˡ
ҵȻûãأͬҲ޹𣬲Ҳͱһˣҵ˻úõĻţò˶ãǱضĴ𸴣
ģӰͻȻЦ
ȻһУҪ̸ʵļƲˣֻҪö˲䳼ޣ˫ǰл精ͷҲҪ³
벻ѣ˿ʼжˡ
˵⣬ӰͻȻֿһЦڻһûꡣ
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Ӱ𣬷֣ʱһʮҵ鷿С
üͷһ壬Ťͷһɻһ


492 Ѫ
㶵ܾúܾãŤͷӰŭ˭
𣡡ӰڵԭλǳЦһ

Ȼŭָŭðƻʲôһλ𣡡
ոս꣬һߵǰǹЦ⣬ŭݽȻ෴վţվӡ
㿴ʲôԼһģһֱ㶵Ŀţ֪ΪΣͻȻеëȻ
Ҫȡ㣬ֻһˣ
˵ţͻȻ˫۶ʱѪ˿ԲĹĵĵ꣬۶ǲš
㣬㡭
Ҿ㣬ģߺʣµ룬Ұɣ
˵꣬˺һ˦ּ䣬һذ׾ʹһѪˮ鷿⻬ĺںשϡ
Ŷӣ˵ϣ鴤ĿӰ૵Ӱ
ӣߣΪ˴Ӽλᵽλ֪ȴٰ£֣Щ컨׹Ĺµͦʵ㲻˵Ƕ֪Ҿ͸㣬ȷĸףʲôճ񽻻ԼԸģǱŹƵãŹ̫ҽ֪ԼĶҪزۺ󣬱յĺǶ֪ʱңͲң
Ӱ⻰û˵ʱڵϵΪڼȥˡ
ֱû͸һоΪʲô˵ӰҪԼʵۣǴ񶼲ţΪϼһﻹмûİǣΪʲôŪһٻɱԼ
벻͸룬Ͳˣһ벻͸ͻһ뵽ףֻѾˡ
ӰҡͷһЦźһģһ꣬ｻˡ
үģ깧ߵ׵
Ӱһۣ˫ֱͻȻ˵СĴͷ
ְңְȫΪүЧΪϻλԼ˭ˣ
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ǣӰ²ãδ鷿㴫һԡ
ȿȣ裬㲻ȥ
СӰԻһתͷȥֻղ뿪Ӱʱһۣص鷿⡣
ҪģɣһϷƵóһѳ㳯Ӱɱȥ
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ӰһЦָнһƫһˣԹȴ֪ôˣǣţӰǰ
ڴ˿̣ӰһͻȻһƴֲڵƾ޴Ƶãݺݻ踹ϡ
ۣ
豻ӰһƻɣǶߵķݣѪڿлһȣɿĵϡ
Ӱһ˦ָһɣॡһڵϣʱӰһ߽衣
һֳ壬һסھҵŻѪˮ󣬱ȻĿӰ
ֱ޷ţһѮϼһȻֲֻֿһԼڷڣЩ
ݣ
˵ţһԾ𣬾ֱҪˡ
үʲô£
˿̣鷿ȴûзӰϵѪղ·
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㶵ĿӰʧĵط뵽ӰĻЩꡣ
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˭ԼС˼Ҳ⣬λʵ̫ˣ
׾ٵȥʣ˭
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֪ٻļһѾĳŮɱˣһԣΪӰԣ̫Ҫˡ


Ϊ٣ûһƥĺǲ֪䣬һЩڽֵߵİգںͻȻ׷һЩͳһװ֤Ƕ־
ץһƥȻҪ־ɹ񰡣һЦԷǵ
֪꣬ʲôûϵŮûǵŮ޺ͺ𣬾㶼ûҲӦؽһƥ߷ɵɣһ߳ЦԷǵѵ
ɶָźŵ
ָСı־ץȥŪˣֱָ
٣ϴүû˵ôذɡ겻ÿɷЦ
ԣԿǰСһǳ۰ɣʡʱϷĻǿɾäΣΪʱӰͷԴҡһε˵꣬㿴ǰ񱼵ĺͻȻͣһ㶣Ͻļ쿴Ҫˣ
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493 ޸
ҵˣٺ٣ԺҪǻܣҶҵ
ͷޱȵĿŻеŮṲ̊ѩָϻʱ޲øһƣڿŮЦݣοݲˡ
ܺӣԺɵˡû
ǵԺҲŮˡһ
ԶԣǿԣȻᶪŮܲˣ˵򵥣Ҫ̸ףʮգܴŮһȥ
Ժ룬Ժ˵ɡκǵ
Ҫƭˡ᲻֪ϵ뷨϶˰뿪һҪۣʡĵְԼˡ
Ϊ˱ٴηһתŤͷĵҪǵŮˣŮԺҲˡ
ζʱоһͷ󰡣ò֪˵ʲôˡ
߰ɣǣ뿪벽򡭡
⻰û˵أͻȻǼƵóѵĿһЦ˫ֱסϵĲӣŮҪͷϡ
ãɫ㵹ֱӿȾˡ
ҡͷһЦŮԼӺװһйĸŮһ߳
Ҫȥģ°ϵԴϣʵ
ȥģηʵ
ȥ⹫Űɡ

Ƭ̣ҡͷⲻܣѾ뿪ˣûֽȥ
⹫ô찡ǶŮܺõģŮǳ¡Ű۵Сϣһɿ˵
һʱγĸǳ־Ѿдˣƾ¸޷ȥڻһ
߰ɣȰ̤ѩٺãһ֣ˣ
û˵ţŮһԹ£ǣ߹հƣһլԺ
ˡʮн˼ţֱЦҲϵԴסһϵ
һլſһѮߣһκ󣬲㵵ɡ
ЦЦ߽Ժӣһ·߹Ժ鷿ǰεȺƬ̣һ߽鷿һ㼱ææ߳һ꣬¿һκһûȱ첲ȣҾͰˡ
οǰĺѣЦһȼ֮һٳЩ˲Ų㣬ҪǺһҲҪˡ
һЦû취ٳ룬һҲʺңҲ̫ˣ·ַܴ󣬱ܲգֻ뿪ˡ
˵꣬ε£߷͸㣬ûθڣŮͦܳԵģӹĹĵĿɰκɶЦˡ
֣Ҳ㣬ֻҲȫһĲѲ鸮УҵǲĻġε
εͷʾֻ㣬ûбǣҲͷˣڲѾҵˣͷ֣һְһæŵ

ԣӺˮȻǹˣҽ鲻ر򸮵ļλŮ켫ΪҪãʱţ˵һƥεȫڣΨѩףг֮£صȥʶһãʱڵսľιǲ⣬δѯΪεսľʱ㿴˱߷ˣ˾ʮ㣬˵Ǵ죬ȴźް滹һľףһȥȻɵԶû󰭣Ҳľսˡ
ɫЦЦİɣֻòͽ͵Ｔɡ
ȥߣҲԼ֪ʱȥԲȰ
ʱ䲻ãҲ룬һȡˡν͵
ţȻ֪ʲôǧҪסɱ¶ݰ
ȻҲˣǡ
ͷȻζ˭֪ٸ־ʲôʱ߹
̸㶼ڶ˫ֳŵʹĻӶ
οЦһŮͷȥŸŮʮаģɿЦϣԼŮҲɰ뵽һ棬ɴһһҪӴŮӴ
߳޸ʱһߵǰСڶϺ¡
ˣ׷ˣ߰ɡ
ţȥɻ
˵꣬ǰͷһʧã޸ٴδ򿪣ŲŮЭͬһһ
๫Ҫ뿪ǣˮĿ
Цһѵͷ߳жȻҲϲٳףԸ´ңңмǲҪţߺš
нӹŮ˵ͷȻ뵽ʲôʵղĿǴ
ţչһƥ
ĪƥΪ̤ѩ
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˳нԶתصУúһ޸޸Ĵš
˵Ļ㱨ڰֵѰɡ
ǡ
ߵͷſү븮Ѳ顣
һΰ޸߰㣬һŴظµľҡͷһ̾æʰӵ˵°ɣʰˡ


ʹУһһҡķǽڳǰȥҪȷӰ᲻ٴ׷ʱͻȻһֳֻǰһסͣ㽫һԺ
ء
ҪͻȻһŮɤ˵
ϤòϤˣ侲
һһӰһǽںһɨԺӺ󣬱û˿ͣٵĳǰȥʧԺ
ܶٴδһѣ㾲ĵȴһȻӰٴλȷûʱתһԾʧˡ
ֱʱס촽ֲ˻ȥʵѵ㶼Ķ֣
δأشģȻŮ̫
Ϊʲô
̫󲻸˵꣬ʱ޷ʤ
ԱˣȻ˵Լܴ԰תһ룬ԸĴϻۣȻˣӰʵֲԼ޷ǰһغϡ


494 
̫Ҫ뿪ͻȻ󣬲üôˣ
Ӱһƣ
鷳ˣڣñ䡣
ôأԲɾ㵵
⻹Աߵˣʮ㶼붯ˡ
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Ѿ򸮵˱ⶨգ㣬ȻҸӰ
Ҳ֪Ǹְǰﲻ˵𣡡ЩԹ
̫εҡҡͷ˫ְĸʱüͷһ壬̫һ䣺̡㿪ʼƸˡ
ⲻ֪迴·˸ӡ費ɵһ
˵Ӱǰļٻһˣһڰ˼ʮ꣬ڿ¶ˣ
̫˵ţ˫ֿٴ궯ʮ£ķȺٴΰ˫踹ϣֵӰܵȻʵĳ谮洫ŵʱһɨƴ꣬ϿձƣȻҲ֮һȻϲģϰ츳
ӰʮʱѾų޵ˣڳ˺Ͱտֻǻݣֵʴ˼̬ⲻֻ֪б˵˲Ӱ
ΪʲôҪ
˵⣬ͻȻ뵽ʲôɶ˶٣ĻҲˡ
ӣ̫֪ʲôˣ̫ҡͷһ̾Ƕ̫ϻһʱͿµĴ
Ȼ֪һЩĻҲֻ֪࣬ӰǱ¡ģڻΪ˱
ûŵô򵥡
̫ƺ֪ŮеɻҡͷͻȻԽԽôɵʧغ󣬴ڷˣһζսܣڲúɹľҲˣҴַֹͬʱҲ̫ϻʵһγʱ
̫˵˺ܶԣԽ棬Խ𾪣ȫû뵽뾹Ȼġ
¡ҪӰӰսҲ¡ҪӰӰԼúݶ£һ·ɱ룬±ʧٵģ¡Ĺϵ󣬵Ҳܲ˵ûйϵ¡ʾ棬ôӰĲҲȫˡ
Ѿճé®СŮˣ֪ʲôй˵˵̫ĻδؾȫģΪ̫ĸŮȻԸ̫˵ġ
ˣ͵⣬ڼһΣɶˡ̫贩·˺󼸲һϣĿ
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֪϶ڹǿʹʧˣֻӺǣҲõģ̫ϻʱץˣǾǵһʱյϢˣ
š
һʵǽô죿
ȣ
ȣ˭㶷ʵ
С򣡡

赱Ȼ֪С˭ˣǸĳСӣ֪ƨɺתҲ˼ĳŮ軹ҪҪ󣬺ݺһ١
ܽ˻ʹ𣿿˰ɡҡͷ
̫ȴһЦССЩɵ飬ɵϲռ鱨һӵ۵ݣڻص˼Ĵ䣬ȥһʱúΪү˵ûһͣЩҪ͢ҷԴ
⡭
ˣȻҲʱһЩεϢֻҼҶѣѹٳս¶ҼңСֲĵزˡ
۹ⲻòǣգС򶼲Ķ֣ƷܺãҲΪһ㣬õһԼķ࣬һӾͰעеСϣһɵ棬ָҪС๫
̫˵һЦ⣬ƺŮѡķ⣬뵽⣬̫ĿĵСǼ˼ϣСҷ
⻰һٸͬͬʱԶڳĳƤŮΣȻֱ¡
ѽӿͻȻһ
Ϲ˵ʲôûĵ
ǾǣŮкʱϲȥģս˵Ƿء
ս㰡
˵ţ㱨Ůһϣװŭ㣬кҲ治֪ߡ
ʱסţսȥģ˵˵Ժк۸ңͽҺݺǵĸС

һ˲䣬һӵĺˮ˳ո˵Цɻˣɴһ
С㣬ʹðɻһľµĵ
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Ұ壡ɻЦ
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ʱ˷ܵܵɻŸǰͷЦеĵ忴СԲ԰
⡭ԣȻˣ
һɰ޵С￴ţɻһЦ
ǡ
һʮֳڣĿɻ´˺üۺʱһ˿ʧ
Ժʲôö˸СŶ˵ţıܵϵǰϵĴȵҼӵ
⻰̫а񰡣
ҡҡͷһָŮԴĿȴɻݷٵô
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ɻҡҡͷղҩĵ˻ˣ˵ʲôйӲڳִҪȥˮһӺʥֵˮ׼Ҳ֪Щ飬˵ǶӺˣ³͢ˮ֮¥ȥݷǿסȴҲѲ˶ð
⻰ǼȷֵģݷٵȻأкhŮҽĹŵڣûˣڵòʥֵľΣպݷپ㲻ҲҪ²Ծһ
μʶ¡ĲҲǱ˵˷ҶһֻǼˣ˿ڱȽСö࣬ѾƵˣȻҽҽΣֻҽõĲˣʮа˾ŶΪҩˡ
һ̾ݷٵʱãתɻ׼
һҪǧ˲ⳤﵽʱѣͻȻǵҶû·Ұ̺񣬿»˻ɣֵǵȺ򣬶ڳＯ˰ٺŵ֣׼ʹ
ɻԲѵĻβɸ̾˰¾ǲͬɻǿһѲ˵͸췴ļһ
ȵȵȣһЩˡȰ
˻ˣʲôˣ˲뵽־͹ٸ˰ɣ
Ȼᡣ
ҡͷֻҪ֪Чҵ˭עǵҾõǻᷴ
˵˼ǣɻʵ
ȵ֪ˣʱȻһӣɻᡣ


495 һ
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˵ţνͼɻԸɷݣ˷ŵϣ̫ãֻҪϵʮɸߣһʱ伴ɣʣ㽫ֱӴ
Ұɡɻ˵꣬ͼֽ߳Ժ䡣
ɻȻŷݣȴһԣڷţ˵Ҳ湻ģݲûãһߵǰϳɵĿһλ˰
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һЩ˽ʹֱӾ͵Ҫ
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ǻЦ
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ε߾˵ϵʽʱҲǾ㵰죬ͨɸоûʲôźаţҲֻһֽݡ
ӷŷݺ¶濪ʼĻɻԵľٶοżɽҪԼҲûҪˣһô߽᳹׶ˡ
᲻̫ˣҪ֪̫ϻڹһ̣Ͷһ̵Σհɻǵ
ò죬ֻµ˵ʶѣ룬ܼǵˣ
ҪͺˣĿɿ𣿡ɻԻš
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Ҳ붯ó߾ˣΪ߾ζ֣ôҪǷһ飡ȻǷܶ飬ƺѾֵǮˣҪθоһ˿ıζ˵߾ʲôҪģҪһĳȻıºвѣûϲ˺ԽԽ͸Ůˡ
ֻҪ߾ûвȻֵ飬Ͼˣĺܺã
ƺҲ͹˵ЧʣһʱĴ£½½ĳֶʮˣƤԺ
㲻𣡡ʮУһ곤ƺͷˣڿκüһ
οͷЦǣѵͲܺСйϵˣ
ˣֻǾ̾Сı££ˣ˭ܲСõأ߾ȻʾĵЦ
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Ȼ֪˳ԵͷҪͽﲻѣ̫Ļ»ݾߡ
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迴ïýɴ˴򸮰ӪȻԻһСӣ֣ڹ£ߵ鱨̽ӣǾĺ֣ѹֵ̫ƽʱˣΨӺȻңǴӿϮģݺؼң׼Ҫ¡ģϧʱɹԽԽǿ¡˼⣬ʴ˷Ź˺ؼҡ
κĵãղïӰЩͷ迴ε˰ɡ
ܣǳ⣬ܵĸ类ˣڻĴǷ鷿Ǳ߻ƽ
˵˵⻰ʱһӰݶϣһһٴǰ
ôʵ
ûзԸ磬鷿ѿǻûг֣رɭϣҵ޷ְïص
Ǽ鷿취Ūһ
Ҫô豾ͺŪ񣬿ϧӰ֣㱻ɱ

⻰һ𣬵˼Ҫĳط󣡡
㵽ˣֻǲ֪Ū̫ϻأ̫أ
̫أɲʣʹɲ˵ˣԺö˶˵ľ棬һȫˣʱһ̫ϻʱѳǿɲǿЦġ
ģ̫ϻûô֪ļ󣬼͵͵ϵҵȵġ
Ҫʹſɡһû취ֻҪͷӦïһͬϻȥ
һһȥ˷˲ʱ䣬ҹЩõʱ䣬ʣһʱҪǼȥһ̫ϻʼţһͷײǰҿɶ档
ζԣһ֣ʮ٣ֻ治С
Ǻǻص̫̫ڳü˼һϵ²кãһһԸŮֱΨ²ҵ
˾Ȼ̫ðգΪ֮Ҳֻܼҵ̫ϻʣһ㻹а취̫ϻʳȥ𣿡̫ѯʵ
ԣЩεͷ˼ʵ⻹Ҫ̫ú˵˵
̫ǽ׼̫ϻʳķʱ𾪵Ըӣδλ˵꣬ͱ̫ȳˣûı飬٩٩̸̫󣬲Ҫʲôˡ
һһϾǻʹˣҪˣ
ҵðһȥأЦ
ţ˼Ʋмɵİգ̸ֻֽɣ̫ʵ
ҸɶˣȻʱһЩһ򣬲ĽչǺõġ
Ļŷ̫ҡͷһ̾Ҳֻд˼ƿˣ˵̫ϻʲΣϾѪ֮Ҫоˣʱ䲻ҩʯ»Բֹ
²˳٣ȥʱֻ̫ϻȡϵ󰴼ƻ¶ɳ
ҪСˡ
֪
κ̫յŮ嵽ϵǰסȵҲȥ
ȥʲôһ̫ȵ
С죬Ŀţɲ֪ڣΪ̫װȻõ
Ů͵һŰòòãܵǰһҡһ
̫Ȼҡͷ
Ч˵
βŮĿ⣬ɿЦһ̫ȥɣӵҿϤĺܰȻֻ̫ܿҪԲûӰˣһײӰҪô죿ͷʵҲûʲôΣգͦǳ˵㡣
һ⻰̫ʱˣ˼ǸŮƫҪһҲ˵ʲô벻ǣһ⻰ͷҡĺͲ˹ƵģСһ˵ҪʺӰҲȥˡ
⡭ܺӡԿЦһֻҡҡͷïǺԼһ˹ˣʧıӰ̫ҡͷһ̾ⱻζ治ܰ


500 ̫ϻӳ
κϲһ˰£ΪϱӾѧϰǶǶһˣⲻ˵ϱǹ¶ϱӵ磬æµʱ̣ܶĸ⹤Ǻүүһʮүүȥ󣬱Լһֱ硣
кܶߣûй϶ʱڵʱζ֪ӦǺˣڣֻҪ뵽عԼȻˡ
Ҫҵ̫ϻʣȱҪ̫ϻˣ취̫ϻʣȫͳ
ЩͲˣ̫ϻ߿϶һЩ֣Щ̫ҲʶҪǽӴѣѵþôܸᣬαᡣ
һǱصԭʱҫüһʵˣôһ˻ˣ
ҹ㳵㲻ȥӦïǡηԸ
Ǻ⣿Ҫȥʲôҫƺ⻰һ㺬壬ɵʵ
ûʲôʹſ϶ңʱﶼңңҵľֻҪôС㼴ɣ
СҫȻ֪ҪôҾƣ˼ȻԸˣΪأһԭڡ
κҫһ㾲ȴҹ㳵ĵ
ʱҹ㳵ǰˣǿξȻɺѯʣοΪ׵긾Ů㣬ЩҪͷһ¡
˵ɡ긾Ůûôգʮָɴʵ
ɷƳֱҪ
Ƴ¡긾㶣Ҫȵأ
а취Ҫǵİæ
긾üʲôΣհɣ
Σգֱ˵
긾˿Ƭ̣ͷǸɵľΣյ룬ȻǴСˣǶӣ˵ɣҪô
βò̾߾˾Ǻã̰һʮֺˬȻǸϼһ
οʼһ긾ԼĻᣬȻܶûҪ˵ͺˣֻҪ긾ˣʱӦôɡ
긾󣬱֪û˵꣬Ҳ⣬ֻҪܰﵽС㣬Ǿкηң˹Ҫǵɾʮˡ
Фʹһ·긾˵꣬һӺӵֱӵ½ֵζЩ˼ˣҲϵҹ¡
һƳҹ㳵ٴλص˻ʹţʱڲŵȻЩˣҹ㳵ֻʮֲԸסӣǰŲ顣
ʱľͰǿյģڣһͰķ㣬ô򿪸ӣܰ˵۾޹
û£Ǳأһҹ㳵˵꣬㽫Ŀ⿴档
Ҳ׷׵û£Ǻÿ˲ţ׼ҹ㳵ȥ
ɾҹ㳵ȥ󣬵ҹ㳵ոƵűߣͻȻһΪ׵һȵȡ
զˣ˶ɺĿ
ȴĿ⿴˵ҹ㳵Ƴü̧ͷ
Ƴ˸ûᣬȻͷ
ҽ̧ͷȵ
ƳȻΪ

û˵꣬ͻȻƳͻȻһԾһ̤ҹ㳵ϣһԾҪŹȥȻۼֿǷ׷׾ǹȥ·Ƴγ˺
ţ׷Ťͷȥ㿴һЩŵǡ
Ǳʱ򣬸ոſڵĵҹ㳵ͻȻӿٶȣֱӳȥƺΪ̫³һᣬ㡰ͨһҹ㳵ˡ
ɲʱ䣬Ѭķһأ˾ȵĻľͰУȻһСŵľͰ֮ǰûڴͰУֱͰ˲¶ԭͣҾȻһ˴潹˳˫մķ㣬ͷҲصⱼȥ
ҹ㳵£龰ʧɫĺȵ
커̫ϻ뿪
꾹ȻѾ˴һ
ɶ̫ϻʣ
ûɣղ˵ʲôˣ̫ϻʣ
ԣ󲿷һ𾪣²˵̫ϻʱ빬еʿɱôأ
Ҳ𾪣ɫһҪһɺԣǶǱڹҴ̿ͣ£
ǡǱһȣƺ׷Ҫסҹ㳵
ɾʱֻ꣬ȻһĨ䣬է֣ɲʱĲӡ
Ȼ泼ӣҲɱˣһǷ׷׳ʱȻ˺󼸲Źٱ
²ˣӴӶӳȥˣһ߽ţһ߾ƴ鷿ϣò鷿ʱѾ
˾ţһͷĿų鷿
үأȻ֮⣬Ȼ֪ðƻ
ԣʱһư̬ʧ٣ȡ֮ķһ𾴵Ŀүݡ
Ļû˵꣬󷽵米棬߳һߣʵѾˣô¡Ϣˣ
ţˣ
⻰ӰΪ֮һ㶣ʵôȥģ
⡭ҹ㳵ȥġ
ʲô
ⲻòӰ𾪰˭ǿְյĻʵۣµףȻȻ䵽ҹ㳵˻ʹ
ְȻ̰
Ӱ̾һͻȻɫüΪŭȵμģȻ׾پȥˡ
үͻȻ̿ޱȵڵأְҲҹ㳵ֻ̫ȥһЩҹĶף๤ǡ
ˡ
Ӱһֹ֣ķϻһòȥץ
ǣ
ƺӳһһδվȣӰֵץҲûˡ

ûǲûô򵥾ͺˣ֪ûү˵仰ʱǸµ޷ɣǳ״˼ˡ
֮£ֻúݺһ㣬¶ץ
˵ɣתȥ
ʱӰ̫ϻӳˣʲô°ɣҪôأҪ֪ϴǸŮ̿үҲû
ֻ˵һ룬ͿӰĿ⣬ŵտڲˡ
ֻҪס̫ϻʿ빬ʱͱɱˣģһŲᡣ
Ӱ˵꣬ߣʵүҪȥģ
ȥģʱҪ֨һˣ
СĶˡŵùڵϣΡΡ
˹ôġ
Ӱ˵꣬ȥڵصļ
ޡʲôڿǻʵˣʵˣҲܵϻʵˣ
ȷӰ뿪鷿һڣּ䣬ĴЦ


501 
ʹеĶ仯ܿ죬һӣյ˶ŵһЩ£־ʼŶƶ
ڹһžУԾһݳתĶڣһɷԲߴɵĿռ䣬˿ӵľһ
ʲô𣿡⿪֮ˣ٣ް߰ףͻΧǱӻ¡
£ƺдű´ӶӳȥˣūŻӰļƣƭ³ȥءĻ
ţ
¡΢΢һüѰ˼Ƭ̺ҡͷһܿһǱ빬Ӫҵȵˣѹ룬÷ҵȡϵȫȥ취Էȡϵ
˿϶Щǵ
Ƿˣһȥɡ
ū
һۣ̫ϻʸˣ׷붴ڣžȥ
һ棬ͬõϢ̫ḧһŮ㷢Ц࣬һҪõ̫ϻʵϢӦòˣ±ҪҺ棬̫ϻߵ˲š
̫˵꣬㽫᷿߳ɨһƮͨ׼һûлĵطһͬȥ
鷿⣬ϣºɻĿ汼ܵ
ղϵ鷿˵̫ϻѾˣǲģɻü
Ҳ֪ǲûǵȵȡ
˵ȥҲǰ취ǵĲܾܿͻᱻʶƣҪ֮ǰҵ̫ϻʣɻ
ǲ֪̫ϻǲģһǴ˵ļƲߣԱ¶ܸܿ鷳¿ɲʲô̫ϻʣֻҪѴ˷Ը˱У˺ܾã֪˼ıٳƶľ棬ʵȴų̡
ò˵Ѿ˽ˣҪǰɻӣðճ嵽鷿Ҳ̫ϻʣҲҪǹɱˡ
ºɻ۲ݣһҪȣһҪϣ˵ɻƺЩͲסˣҪۼֿ죬һѾץסĸ첲ֹ
̫ϻʵģɽۻģ̫ϻĳǻɵɵĴʲôǱһɻü
ҲҪ⸽رȥɡȻֹɻ޷֤ûжɻִҪ뿪ǿе£Ȼᱩ¶
˾ڵһʱͻȻһӰĹǽһԾֱӳ
˭
ºɻͬʱŤͷȥ
ң
ïûҵˣû뵽ܲصôΧá
ԭֵܣֵεѵǴзԸˣʵ
ţҲˣڹرһⶫŵǴļǲţ֮ҵ̫ϻʣǶ뿪˵صġ
ѵ̫ϻʲɻü
ԣ̫ϻʲ鷿ͱ跢ˣǱ˰죬Ŀ룬²ܵģҿ뿪ɡ
ɻüһֻ뿪ˣлһɱ


лᣬһúʰѾģ
ɻ˵⻰ʱһͷòӳΧΣһƬݵš
ղڲŵʮΣȻһʼ࣬ǲʱ䣬гɰǧ˴˷ŵҶֺɱһѪ·ϵݶһ·񱼵˴˵زŵԴϢ
ϣû°ɡ
ĲǻڹˣǸոճҹˡ
⼸ֻҪץסһֱ棬Ǹ뿪֮ĸ㣬Ҳȫ
ϢƬ̣ԣ鿴һܣû˺󣬱ֱһųȥ
οŵʱͻȻʲôһº𣬽һӰ߳
ţ
ţһ㶣Ȼ֪ʲô飬֪ԼСĸѾˡ
ûôùɣ
ΰһװûһһ̾תߡ
Ҫȥİ˲ϵȴûдͻȻͳ嵽һǽǰһԾǽ
˽ǲ˺ģ
ĺˣǺͬʱڵϣŵһԶͷṵ̈ͼɫ˶˵
Ŷ𣬲ûȤԷˡ
ǵùˣڹһ󣬸ողûãһ־ҪӰ
ָԷǼٻðգֱܣɶԷ׾ٵĸȻ˵ã϶ˡ
Ҷһˣϲǹĸɣרڰֽţܸͬı룬˲ܾãоʮ˽⣬ҲʮͣͶңұ֤һٻȻǳ粣һˡ
û뵽ӰȻ֮⣬Ƭ̣ҡͷЦҺεºܣүİ
ǫˣһ⣬£˵Ļ˽Ȿ
θˣʵʵүһֱһհִӺ˵Щأ
ֻûа뷨ѣڴɺã
Ӱԣüһǰܺãˡ
ǰڣǺǣʵûЩһֱҵģֻ밵⣬Ȼǳ򸮣Ȼ֪ǵ룬ѵ⻹㲻𣡡
Ӱ⻰˫Ŀףϰû°ɡ
һս˶ˣǧ˵Щֱۣڵѵǻˣ
㾿Ҫ˵ʲôƺӰڣЩţһڹŴҵˣ뷨
ݣҵľɺȣҼʶ˺ΪŽᣡлᣬȥɹſ˼ҵڼʱܰʱŽһģڿһȺƤǣ¡Ϊ˵õλɱʣ֪ұΧȣҸӣϵĳ⣬ݣСΪһ֮˵ɽˣΪһսɵĲѳҸͶ𣬾ȻҲͼһֱǳ롣
ӰԽ˵Խ˫ĿҲԽԽ
Щʫˣף󳼣õǲʮ֮һ㲻ʵ۸նˣҲҪ鳼Ⱥ֮ЩΪʲôΪԼ翵Ȩȥ֮ȻҲǿҪΥĵʱ̣ѵͲЩ𣡡
ǳ׵ɵˣû뵽Ӱ˵˵𣬾Ȼһ࣡
ԱҪһжˣڱ֪λʱľɺȷָ㣬ǱǴһͳ
⻰һҡͷһ̾ˣ


502 

û
οЩ͵Ӱˣ
û
ӰҡҡͷЦһжǶԵģҪıΨдһͳʮֲ̣£Ż֪أǲӵʱڣץ𣬽̻ڣһȷ·ûзûսһжͣ
ЦˣǿɵһӰβǴԽԸ񣬵мĶʲôطθұ֤ʱû˱
үҷȰһ䣬˺𣬻ĴأĻѾٹ̣пѧϰܶ࣬кãҲлųЩ˳ֻ֣Ҫϰܻúúõģֺαȥأ˵ˣЩҲץ꣬һǧǧĳҪϾɱ۰һˣǺúɡ
ΪӦͬΪ·ʽ뱾ʮͬϧͬ
ǵͬͬ⣬ط治ô׸ıģɹŴˣò˼Ҳ군ˣΪǲֻܴ֮Ӻѧϰϰûѧ٣⻵ϰߵһ㼴ͨνĴһͳܴȫˣҲֻʱԵģȱٲҰļңƾ㣬û棡
ЩˣӰŭЩĿΡ
õ밡ȫڽ̿￴ġ
ΰһ䣬ЦҪûзǲܵģһЩǿԽ
ŶϴӰȻһ²ʵ

֮˵֣Ӱüͷһ⣿
ƽȰʲôӶͶƱѡٰʲôģðԼѡԼĿʺϵĹԱһΣúõļΣòֱӸ̨ʲôġ
˱ɣӰüһ
ţɻҪģεͷ󣬻һ䡣
Ӱ˳˼ƺȻһԣʤ鰡
ˣκǺЦ
αǫ飬֮ԣʤЩǧٲ㣬ҹȻûˣдæγ²ƽأ
⡭
ƺʲôͷûɡ
ҵģǣ
ҿ治Ҳ㣬翴Ҹָ;ķϣһΣ
ȻƤЦѾ쵽䣬Ӱȴ俴ĿЩȷκܾã˵ԶʼˣǹӳԾһ·ִʮָԼθڣҪȴһֱæʱ䴦ҲײβˣƮһطˣԼŸϵ鱨ռ͸
ǣ齵ô˱Բˣ
ҵҪѪѧ˼㣡
಻٣Ը㹻ˣҲЦ⣬ȫ䱸
ӰûڷϻһĳѾ֪Ӱʮֱմ߲ҲҪˡ
һ轣˲ʣӰüһһ˦ưֱײС
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˿ξ
㵹ЩʶȽ˿Ӽ
ӰԱգһ˫Ȼץס轣轣һץߣŤ
κȻķʱͻȻеһɣɴ˴ӰΪʲôҪ֣Ǹ
˷ܵҪٴγ֣ǰ۾ȻȦ轣ζʱȻԶӰֱϣΪ۲⣬轣Ȼ޷˵ԷֺǻͨĳѾˡ
ӦĻᶼûУһѾǿǰ
ۡ
һƣֱӰδԶļڵء
Ӱûֵͣ˼ȻĲ˳ֻᰭ¡
Ӱһͳ嵽ǰٴһ¡
οٷ㣬ӰһѾı˵棬ֻšءһ죬ʯש룬ɴ˿ɼӰжֲ
˫߳Ӱ˺һ˻ᣬηδԶӰԷѾٴγʵصĴӭӡš
Ҷն
ĵһ轣绮ʵǣһ£Ӱ˦ҪֵʱͻȻһգ㻯ΪһϼĿڡ
Ӱĺܵƫƫ޷̣һƵһ㣬˰ģ轣ȻûдȴҸ´бնȥ
һǱնʵˣӰֱ۶Ҫϣڽ˿ȻͣʽϣֻһζأͨҲͰˣ轣
䲻ģӰһֻ۰ֿ轣һж󣬱һգȻٴץס轣С
ÿ죡
ףΪʲô̫˵һˣ֮գݵԼľ顣
ǻ֣ͨ»Լ۵ļͣӲһӰһ˿ᣬƺ֪·˲ƽˡ
轣ٴαסοɲϴһɵɵԴˣһ߳ӰӰȴ̧ϥǣȶĽŵףһҲʮ־޴󣬶Ӱ֪ʹ轣֮˵Ȼɿ轣ֳ裬ɵء
ʹ轣ǷӰղû֣һǷɶˣֶҪƣԷɲͬ
ʲôȫʹɣһֱѪ֣ϧһֱұӦҲѾ˰ɣھҼʶһ£轣
δӵվһں󣬲ɿˣ
ɡ
Ӱ˵⻰ʱͻȻδ·һٽһΣʱ鲽죬һźչֶ
嶾
Ӱ󣬾һޱȡ
ʶһ轣ľ裬һﾹȻ嶾ӰҲܺҪӴ
Ӱ˺ʱƼͷĺܲƯӰֻһˣһƽһ˦嶾ХӰ¡
Ӱüһһ˳ʱһ˦˫ֳһ٣˫Ӷ£գۼ䣬嶾㱻һš
ߣ
Ӱе嶾һ˦ֽŵ嶾ڵϣͷҪһ䣺ʲôУʹɡ
һȥֻһǱӰѾԽԽСˡ
̰ļһ
ӰҡͷһЦЦȴûһ˿Ц⣬˸е䣬Ӫ˿үЦݣһսսڵأΪǶ֪ÿүЦݸʱһ˱ˣ


503 ҳǾ
־ͻȻʹæΪÿ峿׼Ĳ͹ݺСһֲ֮̿ͳͳ־׽á
·׷飬÷Źκһˣˣȥʲô򡣡һΪ׵Ľ賤ǹȵ
⾿ʲôǰЩһƬòƽˣֵˡ
˭˵ǰ˵췴͢ҪҵˣͱˣСı۰
һЩѵİյ֪󣬷׷ױŴ¶
ǵľٶûӹѣʱʹӣ㱻־Ŷ룬ֻҪͳʮް߰ߣɷ˵ֱȫ׽Ѻߡ
̶̼ʱ䣬ֵóзǰôѵˣܹӵ̷Ҳ½ץ˸̾ʲôùҰֱǵ͵ù
빬ͬﵽԽԽ֮ǰվڵ־õķĳЩ˵ж
εļƲ߹ȻͬСɣһƣˣ̫վһϣľɫҡͷЦ
ʱ̫־ѿɫڣӵƻľ󣬾ֹķȴ޷ǡ
ѽſ߰ɣҵ⹫ҪȥҵĴߴٵ
Сһ⼸ദŶð㾹Ȼ̫ĵ
˼һֱΪԼû˵ҲеҾûڵò׻ˣ˼ҵȻҪúӣֻûһѱһ߿ˡ
̫ʱˣһŮԴЦȰȫһҪ档
ŵ𣿡СԴʵ
Ҳ̫Ц
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񾪿ֵĺ䤱΢΢ĿӰãͻȻһЦʵүôˣһΪ򸮵ʿɱأŵ棬ԭԼ˺Լ˴ˣǺǡ
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Ӱ˵ţֱһ˦ʱָذ׻Ϊһ⣬û˼ĿС
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ӣΪʲôҪӣɱȥǡ
ѵǶҪս˵أŵ
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ǣֻүֵ
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ɱ
ŴԣʿηķɱˣǸղŵֵסЩˣӴ鷿֪ˣѾϢǵԲս
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Ҳ֪˭ôһ䣬ʱǲĿ꣬ʿڽʸߣٴαƵԺС
׼ܸߴɱ̿ͣΪ±𣡡һٵȣʼͳ첿Ӱˡ
үоʿָǻӰɣ·խҵֻҪ¼ֵܣܽ赲á
Ӱüһͷ䱻ɱЩ汳Ҳܰװˣߡ
Ӱʮһ·ƹ鷿Ӻ󷽶·ӣ鷿ΧˣںʱʮΧ˶
Բ赲ӰȻ䣬ǻص˺ܶǰ
һƬ£ԼҲһٶˣɱɱ£Ҳʮˡ
ûԮûа˶ˣӰһֱΪԼǸʱˣǴκ۾һЦˬɹϺʱǸӰҲӰˡ
ʮӰԣԶûɹˣʱ
ûжթûйĶǣֻж˳ԣ˯˲ۣѩǰŵĸţ֣춷˶ǲ
һ뿪ȥƬԭ
ӰɫͻȻ㲣
Ȼôϲ⣬ʲôһߣͻȻһӰϿԾ£Ϊһ̼ɱ
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λһ¸ոԼõұۣ͵ۣûʲôʺ󣬱ͷֱӰ޷ġ
ǾҪûⱾˣ
Ӱ˵ţסΣԼתˡ
˵ʱҪ̫ƽ뱲Ӷ蹷𡣡
ƺЩ˽ӰˣҪʵԼֻ̫࣬ƽӣĹĶǣ𻤹ʱԮζ磬Ӷϲ
Ϊ粣ӰΪ˭Ӻν̸ֻ֪һˣľ棡
ѵһϲľ棿
οûųܣϾҲִֹеģʵʲǸҲΪԼԸǲܸ㣬ҪǸĶͬͬ⡣
뵽ӰҪǰɼ˼ǾǱʬ³
һûнֵĵ˼
Ȼ룬ֵʽ䣬ѰĶ֣һնɱ˺ڴӳΧӰ׷ɱȥ
һһ٣һһ׷Ҳ֪ڹ˶ã󣬻ʹңң
㻹ȥ˵
ܰձƵֵزȷ˲ŰˣҪǰﳯ͢սթ֮˺ʶѰһأɡӰͷҲصķ̵
˶ǰթ֮ͬ壬㿴ǰʵΪʲôɵĳҽҲֻǼҳ㷹ڣҲ֪ľǵﶼʼѧų켺˰ɣ
ʲô˼ӰͻȻһ٣תͷε
ѵ㻹֪ôģɸ׼Ըﲻ磬λҲȣֵһҪ򣡡
ЩϢӰǲֻ֪ԸȥᣬܶҲһѲõԺˣŻã
ΪЩȰ壬ɱҺʱ㽫֪ǻԭʼˣ
ӰԣʱŭɨһۣȻܣһΡ
ο⾪ɰһϡ


508 ͭ
أأأ
һƽһƵһǽƤϣѿһӡӡ
Ӱ㣬һζĳ͹ֹαƵҲֻܡ
ͨУֻһӰأһӰ绨ԽԽҡ
ӰһͷײȥζʱײԴһͷѪˮ£ҲʾһֱӰһĥ˿ڡ
Ӱ˵ҽͻȻһ˦ţ̧һӰٶĽ߷һɿ⣬δվȣӰһٴ¡
ϼһˣ
³һѪˮ˷һ̳
ƽཻȴûеѪˮɽǽ˿βʶӰȻϵӲһ
ƿ籼׵ĳؿǰһӡ£屬ǰĺ¾Ȼˣ¶һס
ףűˣ
Ӱһƽ
ٴһѪ˲ϲǵѪ֣ʱһƬŶ
ٴνӴһξȻǴòɿˣӰȻǷ׻һӲӲÿαӰһƣҪڶԷһ˿ڡ
ҵĲɱ˶״̬ûзأֻһζĽƴıǿ˭վ
һͻȻθǰȻ壬˫Ŀһһȥ
ء
õڷֿ˺۵ĿŶԷαӰиʹޱȣؿڣ֮֫ǰˣһƬʹȻվվˣӰҲܣͷһʺȻѾƿӣѪˮֹס
ȿȿȡ
ӰҵĿԼ£ԽԽϸȻһƬɳˡ
ΪʲôӰ˺󼸲ǽϣؿһһ
Ŷӣϥ¹ľҴϢ£ҡͷأ
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ӰҲǵǸһĻˣ¡겻ɱȥֵĽ£ҲףȻԼΪβٳٴλѵǸλҪſϰ
ԼΪʵۣͲְ취˰ɣ
Щ󳼣һΪλǽʾ֭ͬţݺ˷ʤϲύſΪ͢ɸܵϢˡ
ÿߵ·ͬ¡ǧټƵλҲ㾡ľĸı룬ϵӪϧѾˡ
·ǶԵģ±ս𣬲֪̫ƽİ֣ŻϧֺαعǺˣɹأ
εĻӰΪ£ֱ췽ҹ̷Ψһеİ취ǴĴһͳ
ǣƺֱ˿˼һͳˣľ
̫ˣѵɹ治һеɹˣ
ӰıӲʱãдãóɵһƬš


ζҡҡ׹壬һֱ˺Զ֪ΪΣһ岽һڵĻʹͻȻͱþˣһҲûУĵ׷оԼѾ˻Ȫ·Ϊţͷ滹أ
ͻȻ䣬˵ͭ쳹ʹһ亰ƵԼԼ˻ʵۼݱϢ
ˣ
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ͬģԶڶһ־
ŮһСһ˭Ҳûע⵽ǣΪߵͭһʵۼݱϢ־ɵˣ𼱻ǵĸ˻ʹ
̫ס¡ƣ¡õӣһЦݵ˰ɡ
ˣ̫ܲʵʵ
¡ƺ֪Ҫ˵ʲôЦһӱأ֪ˣ죬ȴûģ㿴¸ʲôˣҲҪ
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Ŷ㲻÷һ֮ɣ¡᲻֪ӵС˼
кβɣѵŮӾԶҪ֮£ˣ˭ȳģ˭µģ
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һֱź󷽣ҪֵӰֱҲû˿⹫Ļȫûԣֻڡšһ
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ҲǻȻжȴӼҵѪ£ҿ˭¡Ц
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ٴŮע⡣̫ͻȻ¡˹ԼУŮЦ벻
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µģİɡ̫Ȼ˵ı˶һýġ
ܰȫȫν˻ʹǹرڶ࣬һҪ뿪̸ףңӰһֱûأոǿʮľ棡
ɵ˵ҪҵģӦ˵Ļ;ܷڵġ˵꣬۾Ѿˮˡ
һֱڵµˣ˵һȥҴ˻
ȥɡï
ˣ˭̫ϻʡ̫ͻȻһֹǵ顣
ǰ£ȥҲˣһ¡Ļ˵⻰һڣͲԾΪ˶Ŀղſֹµ˵̫Ҳһۡ
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ﶼˣȥɡ¡һֵ
̫ϻʶˣ˭ʱºï̫ϻһߵף׷׳˻ʹС
ˡͭڹصƺ˲֪ƣ㣬һõñһ
泳ܲϢˡοһ£ͭķԹһоƤԽԽ
Ҫ˯ˣҲѲ˰ɣ
֪ԼȻƤֻм˼ȫˣӰȭźεȰԵк׻Ҳ޷ֵ˰Ӱ򵽰ʱѾŲסˣ֮ȫһɾʶǿŵףӰϲʱԼҲӭ˱ıԵ
ˣþðɣҲΪˣ
ȻһЦǱ۾
һ̰㣬֮Ŀȴ˿ɲ֪ʱһͷ׷߳ǰԻ壬һЦ


509 
㶵ĿһƬľ컨壬֪Կ϶ԲǻʹΪʹĽ乬ҲطҪǿٱ
Ķ
λǰ룬üͷһ壬Ҫɸոһʹ类ȺŹһ
ҾȻû
ɻͷϣɵɵЦˡ
ͻȻһСӰ뷿УαſӰˣѵŤͷһȻķ⾹һСУ
ǣ
θո˵꣬ƼǸСͻȻѽһתûӰˡ
⡭
δ˴úżһϺСеͬ½뷿С
ϺдüĿЦ
οϺУмַζɵɴ۾ⲻ°ӵľ糡ɡ
ʩγԣϺɻ
Ŷûʲôʴʦ˴ǺδΪλʵ
˴˴ȶ£λڳʩһλʶģǺˣȴĸ֪㣬ֻ˵˺úȥǡ
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һɴ˴ϺҲʮ˰ɣľʶͿ϶Сˣǲ֪˭ôͣԼӻʹŪŵˡ
֪һ˶ãμʵ
ˡϺе
ʲô죡һҪȴˣ
ʹʹιֽϺеʩרɣ쳾е飬ȥɡ
ʦϲ˳ҰɣϺеĻЩԾʲô쳾ֱ˵治Ϳˡ
ϺһһЦʩȻл۸
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ʦòһʱ˰ɣŤͷһգգĿϺС
Ǻǣʩ˵Цˣʽɳ˻µ
Ϻкɫ˵꣬Ž͵ֻʩͷ˹أƤƹѣȥ˿ѹǣ˿ڣ˲ްֻǰ治棬δѿʩòʴˣҲֻȫˣ
γ˼һᣬ£ȫ꣬϶Ͷһǻȫ
ˣľͲʩϢˣʩʲô£кСͽɡϺָָԵСУ㵭ЦȥθϽʵʦȵȣ֪ʦɷ֪ڳ
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֪𣿡οСС
Сҡҡͷûпֻ㶵ĿΡ
Уٴʵ
Сٴҡҡͷ
㿴Ҹʲôκ
СָָߵСӣȥ治֪ʱһ࣬˼Ҫ
㲻˵𣿡ʵ
ܰСʵͽ
Ϊʲô˵أβ
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С뿪ˣŲŲ㿪ʼΨһ֣ܶʼʳ
һ죬ζСţҲֻСһˣÿδҴҴȥҲ˵ʲô˵һҪ˵
ֱ죬Ϻˣȴǰν⿪ɴɢҩҾƸȫͿĨһ͵ĺҩ󣬲ŻµɴãʩʩȻȥˡ
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ҲףҽαɲУҲˣϸ꣬Ҫ˼ҿľɲء
ȻҲҪҽҽ⣬֮ܶҽһС
ĵһҾӣԼڵģǿЦð
̶̵Ĵ緢ԴͷҲһ˰֣һ˰̹ԣԺ󲻺˼ˡ
ʱ˿ھȻһÿ߷ãͲ磬ˡ
춥ͥ԰
ΰЦһ䣬߳߳ӣʱ۵յ۾Ӧ۵°Ͳˡ
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ûϺ˵ģ˴ǳȶ£ⳤִĴȶ¿Ǻģضֹ񣬵ǰĴȶ£ɲСͬʱҲư
ƵݣɿݵĹصҶֻһСһûһµɨţ֮⣬һƬž
СУγС֣С˹ȥҲڣֻηԸˡ
ѾϰСеΣʵж˰
Һʦ
ûˣ
Св˵ˣα֪Ĭϣ
ʩˡ
Ϻоȥĵõɮ֪ʱȻͳˡ
β㱻һһϺһ㣬ʵʦⲻǴȶ𣿡
ǡϺеͷ
Ϊʲô˵գĿɨܡ
ǺǣδҲͱˡϺƺúܿڵЦ
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˵⣬Ȼ뵽ȶ½ƳʱûƳҲͺִܿܲȶ£Լˡ
ʩȻԶˣ֪ʱҪ뿪Ϻʵ
Ƭ̣뾡絽
û⣬ʩҪϺʵ
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˸ðˣбʣʩȿǮʱڼӽȥϺ˵꣬óһ˲ᣬݸɵΡ
ɶɶ˼
㶵Ľӹ˲ᣬһһӺ
ס޷ѣһǧ
ʳѣһǧ
ҩʯѣһǧ
˷ѣһǧ

˺ܾúܾãϺеʦЩԾ
ﲻˣϺֵ
⻹е󰡣ָ˱
󰡣ʵۣסס
ġ
٣ʩ˵¼۸񰺹󣬵İĿɸ㼱ˣ
һϺаüһɣɮ޷ԶȻһַ緶
ϢŭʦϢŭθϽЦ
ʩĿ㣿Ϻ
˵ǰ
ǻʲô˵ģϺƺѹ֪мһһ
ֻҪһ㡣ǸһЦ
һǧˣϺиˡ
һǧҲбˣЩŭˡ
ȻʩӹǺãͽʩԭӣԸȥĳطɡ
һԣСеɨ㣬óһѲ˵Ρ

ʱϺкСеĹ£ųʻȥ


510 
ڣĺڰ
ϣһֱҡͷ·һȺӿż֮ͥϵĸֺ󣬲𾪵ĳųʵղǲǴȶ𣿡
ڱǰ͹ôˣ
ʲô
˴ȻǴȶ°治дôѵ͹ٲʶ֣
ȶºʹȶ²һطξ㵵
˭߿͹ٴȶºʹȶһطˣͻȻͷڿɵһΡ
áסˡ
ŭЦղűһһٱǩֻѺǷ絶ʰʹ
͹٣˵ڶѾˣ㾿ҪȥﰡͻȻʵ
һϳ޸
Ǹ޸ʵ
ġ
˵ǵģ˰ôԶԹһһ˦ޣͷȥ
ڳϣοųƽ֪ΪΣȴЩǣӰˣҲˣôһʲô̫ϻ뿪ԼŮأºïأ
һ·ص޸ָŴ󿪣ƺ͵֣³š
˴޴˸Ук£Ŷʵ
޴ˣ
֪Ǵǹ˵ģôн޴أǰŶƺΪеˡ
Ҳˣοڱʵڣ
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һüһͷĴ緢ȻһЦȴЩͷ˵ڲڣھͽھ͸ʲôʱ
٣ĪҲģ
Ŷ´ŭү仹Զة࣬Ҳǵ󳼣͵ȻˮǴˣƽҴ˵ģ˭ǿͿʹģȿС
ͲŶ϶ԷܿǴ˵Զݣ֪죬ƨƨͽᣬˣͽһһ
ŶҪιʱͻȻһߴ߳ʵǰॣ
Ǵ°ûʲôһͽҪˣСҪءŶߺǺЦ
Ŷǡ
ڣĿһɨ󣬲ɫһ
ŶŴµı飬һ;㵵ĿŴ¼߼ǰʱСһģײлվֱű㱰ϥ־ϲ˰ô˰ôǺҰ
һֶԷˣЦֿڣ
ڳء߻ص
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һ·ʹѾ߷ϲˮ󣬱ˣʧٺʱ˳˺ܶ£ʵ۱̫ϻ񳯸٣ҰҲٻسˣ֮Ѫϴ󳼸ۡʵ۵ţҲѾҼҴҲΪܵĴ˵룬͢Ϊ٣⻹Ҫġ
⻹ҪʲôҪģξ㵵
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Ҳ֪Ӧùϲˣǡ˵룬ٴһ٣Щͷʱһҧ̫ϻѾگ飬λĹΪ۳񣡡
ɶ
ǳ׵𾪵ģһʵʲôʱֳһˣ

߲͵һۣβ̲סһŰϼһ߷ˡ
ԭ
統һԲ輸ϵһӣȻԾ䣬ˡ
ŶӦ˵ǻʸ𼱣Сӣѵ
ܲ𣡡
ҡͷһЦҲ֪ǿЦŭЦˡ
ΪʲôϲҼҵ˲κЩ鰡Ͳܸһ̫ƽİȵļͥ𣿡
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̫ϻʣŶӦ˵̫̫ϵĻүүˣ˼˵ˣϥӣʴλ
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ӼҾûϵˣü
аҺܶ඼ˣҪ̫̫أλүүǲ¶氡
ѾӼҶʲô˰һȺıĶӣһϣŻļһȻСһͬͬ𣿡
ͬҲͬ⣬ΪͬĶˣһǻʸ渮ϣҲٵģԸϵ
ҡ
ЦһҡҡͷϿ컨壬㶳ãͻȻ뵽ʲôֱʵǷӦ
ʱ򸮴ţȻ֪˭ص˰ȫˣѾŵˣ

治֪˵ʲôˡ


511 
صҶ㶳޸Ҳ㶳
ŶӦǻʸ﷢˺ܾã߲֪˵ʲôʸ龿ϲǱ
ѰϣȻǴϲɴүʻʸƢߣ֪ϲЩ޲úͻʼҹټҶϾϵء
ƫƫЩ䵽ϣܽܣ
Ҳýܣ
̾һ䣬㿴εıӰʸˣ붬ļĻţϢɡ
εͷصУȻ˵ŵ򸮸ҵЩݾ͸
ȥ졣˵תȥ˰Ŵ¡
»صʱȴûмŽţվһԣŶղ㼱Ҵҵ˽һ淢ΣЦһʸιʧ񣿡
ͱҿˡ
û˵꣬ͷղҶ֪ˣֿ֪̫ϻΪҪ
һ޾ƺֻһ䣬иûЦ⡣
ô򵥣ο
ţȻǶͬλӣԻûʲôһЩϳִ̬ȣ˵Ŀ²ð졣
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һ£ҡͷһЦ׵ŮҶǷԣȻŮĳ֧֣
û˵ΥĻЦ
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ΪŮУ
ǴɰʵףҲûֱԵȻΪҵʵ㹻֧Ƶľ
γĬˣ˵һڲûӼҵԶףûʵ߾֮ʮ⿴棬ռҺ֦ͬȻҲϣŮʣʼҵŮ
ҪֹңĵطҲͰˣⳤӺݾԱߣյĿϢתƻʱ˭ԣ
ҪģûʱѡʵˣͻȻðһ䡣
δ˴ʵΪΣ
Ϊ̽ӻ㱨ɹŴʼˡ
ǲǺͬ˹ϵ𣿡ü
˻һξ֪ǷϻˣһĲ죬ͬˣǵжԣһʲôһԼԼġ
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οɴͲˣŮַ죬Ůʺȥɣһ룬иоԼˣ˵Ǻͺܶ˶ŸɰΪ׵ģң
ڣʹڣҿǰڳʲô
ΰһҿɲˣӻȥҵȥ
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512 Ҳܵϣ
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һڣһѵĿ͵ЩᷳԼ϶ˣզǺﰡ˳ɣһһСһ֪Լݣúһ֡
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һ⻰оζӷӼҲûˣĸ˵ˣЩӼʱһڷǽͷݣڵܵˣǾȫλȾϲ֮ˣʵۣԸһݣֱӴλ
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Ҫ๫һ벻ͨأӷɲǵɵŮˣԽ࣬Խһ๫Ļ˼һߣӶӦ


513 ˮ
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ͷɫЩÿˣЦ˿ͻʸǩԼ֮٣Ⱥõҹһǧѻǹṩ˿Ĵ̰Ѿչò˶ñͳһެΪެٶһͳһެެ
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μֹҪ͵£Щ˿¶Ҫŵƽʣһӭʽˡ
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514 ҵĲǧ
ϸһƣα֪ùųǰڸˣһСɽţῪ˵ҪΪһͷء
֪ˣҲΪð㲻һֱŶҪȢⲻŪˡ
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Ҳֻ뵽һŮˣȻֻһ棬һǹģ˵Σ˵Ҳ޷ˡҪᣬǹ¿ɲ˼ӢأŮҲ˵ϲӢһġ
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ӢǴˣͬһմĻΣְӢӸĳ嶯Ը
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һӢ˵ûˣϵԹҲһɨգúɫ˵˵һһܵݣֻصΪ٣ò׻صùñȥ㣬ȵ˳ȴ˵ֳȥˣûãһӺݱ÷зﰡ
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κӢһЦӢ˷裬˵ͻȻһԵֶҲƨƨߵĸ£üһŭվš

ӢӶʱһȴΥĸ׵Ļֻܰ̾վţһ˫ţȴŵϡ
αĻʣȴûаģϾһղŻ˵أˡ
ˣֶԼùƺ˵̾ŵܣ֪־зˣʵ
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˵꣬Ӣ˱ϱһˮ飬ż֪ô˵˲һھܾ˵Ѿɻ飬һһһĶˣ
⡭
δƬ̣ҡͷһ̾δЩ˰ɡ


515 Ǯ
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ӢһҲ̾һγ֪˾ͽӣԴƾ˺ƢԽӱ꣬ӢҲϣһƵסӵϱܺˣ㲻ǵڶΣҲǿɣһ˿ϣȥһ˾ͽ˾ͽٲүãүӵûзԣҴмӢүȻҲϣٳλ¡
ʵӢ˲֪λһ£Ҫһ˾ͽϾʱة׷ɱķ࣬;ֱ˾ͽİˣڴղߣ׷Ī
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±Ҫˮʯε޷ʴȻϣӢҺ˾ͽʲôϸ
־ŵʵҲѰ죬ùñǮͿˡ

һԣӢӻһȫķҡ˼ӢҡͷһЦҲܹɹܲ
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˵գӢ˱תͷŶЦ𣡡
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ǣͻȻ˾ͽٲѹѹֵ£ʱղˣҸòͰɡ
һʼûоʲôڴӦǵȵʱһ˫˫Ŀע£亹ܿƵ


519 ֹ˲
˾ͽУξнڲǰܵĿ޶á
У˾ͽֱ㶵ĿΣĿϬ֪вھҪʲôС̣Ȼ˲֪˾ͽĸף˾ͽ˻ΪŮ˼ء
˾ͽǼŮУֻҪ˳۵ſһŲԣ֪ǰ˭ѾˣһŮڹȥǸ˼˾ͽ˾ܽܵġ
Ҫ֪˾ͽ˵˼Ҫмˣ˾ͽ磬ܶԶԶŮȻò绨ȴݣϬ˵ҲΪʲôֱ޲ȥ
˾ͽûиģڼȻǹԹŮ񾯸⣬ûʲô롣
ǡ
ѾôҲˣ
Ŀһɨͬò绨ŮӣһֹׯϽģһãС磬Ǵӳһ·ϻˮķԪ
ڼο϶Ҫһˣ˾ͽƣʳĪ˼ǳԷʱ˵һֹĭӷɵаѱ˸ˣǶá
ʴˣξͱн޳ӣٽӣҪˡ
˾ͽٲûʲôΪãֻһϡı㿿һԼˣҪߣƤʸ˷Ϊ˺£ɷϷ˵˵
үһֻΪԸЩ㻨ǮοЦ
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˾ͽٲһ㶣ڳҲһǿɶ֪һ׬Ǯı°ǵĶһģ̶һʱ׬ĹǮֳˣھȻΪ˵㻨Ǯ
λ֪ȻǴ׬һʣЩ´ңҲȫˣͿŹǵٺ»ҺڻУ治Ըİ
ڳû˻⻰Ϊ֪ԴӺ粳ɻһΣģ棬ҪǮ
ʸҪŪʲôϡŹֵ˰ɣ˾ͽٲͻȻʵ
ᣬֽӺݸոջָƽ¶ĸ䵽ˣֻ˻ᣬ׬׬СǮɡ
ʲô
˾ͽٲȻڣһԵ˾ͽȴǿһģĿκȵȻեˮ
˾ͽһžһԼŮ˾ͽҲ΢С죬ЩȷԼǸŮ
ĸ׿ţ˾ͽ̬ˣεĻȷ̫ˣʵ̲סŭȵԾ㱻ĸ׿ţȻûΪһ˽ȻҪĪ˵ǻʸǻϱҲҪֹ㣡
졣
˾ͽٲһ˾ͽȻ˾ͽٲүүղſҪֻӲ
ʸ˵Ҫ𣡡
˾ͽٲбۿһŮκͰһЦ֪ʸҪôեȡˮ

λΪ˾ͽٲӦԼû뵽ڵĴʣեȡ
Ҳ㲻եȡɣã裬Ϊ˴룬˾ܳˣԽ˵ķա
Ŷɷϸ˵˵˾ͽٲȻȤȻ۾µĿΡ
ûȡóɹǰٶĻ̸ֽҽ˳ںүҲ١
ҿ飬˵˾ͽߵ
ѽѾΪʲôϺأޱȣȴᣬֻǺ˾ͽٲʩһ񣬱ȥ
ҲԱˣ˾ͽүүˣ˾ͽС㣬л⼸յĿСŮҪҼҴ˻ȥˡ
ͻȻһͷԷ罿Цһ¿ӣ˾ͽҵʩ
ԪûĿһ磬Ҳ˾ͽǸһЦʩǡ
ѽӣ˵Ժǻôżˣƨƨߵĸ˼һȥء˾ͽû
һû˵أڿǰСУɺͳ˾ͽü
ǣѽֲûθղ˵ʲôˣȻҪեȡˮǺεɥ밡үүҲúùܹǣҪŪȥոĴ۳ò˶þˣ
˾ͽٲ˾ͽ磬üòŵ϶һ˺󣬱￴εȷӵܣڲͬˣѵ֪룬ڵ۳ܳ붼ĴԺ𣬶Ժӽڣй͹յ𣿡
⡭
˾ͽһʱΪүү˵ʵƾһ֮أܺ⣬ıǴԺԺĻǹսϵҪ½֪ԺĲƷȫһ˵в̷ۺԺ⣬ҪԼȻȴûһܳɹģǲٸ̿أһη񣬼ҵ䡣
˴Ժ׬ȡǮȫͶ뵽˾УܺԿڣһսʤ˶Է
֪ˣԺˣȥѾͷʰ˾ͽܲүү̣ܽһˡ
˾ͽߺ˾ͽ˼ҲǼٴˣСʱȷƤҲû캦룬ֻһֱѧ䲻У˵粳ɻ󣬱һĳ̬Ǽģ䣬˵ء
ţʸȷ٣ҹٽײСء˾ͽٲЦ
ŶȻ׶˵²ˣΪʲôҪȥΪأҵҲûйһֱж𣿡
˾ͽٲŶϱĻȻһЦȴûӦ𣬶ǰڰ֣ʱİ׷ǰ˵֪Ҫڻʸδ̫ǣǿˣʸΪ͢ûӵϵԪ˧οżĻǰȥͣ;УʸоӵȫֵǣʸҲΪ䵽ʱԥݺӺݱ߾ʸ޷ʴ뵽һߣԥݳϣǰ͵ܻϧһȥ㵽ݣΪຼأ
£˾ͽ˾ȵסС
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˵Ҳһ˲ˣ˾ͽü
ֹ˲Ű˾ͽٲе۾ͻȻƺܿǽֱӵһã˼ɻСһﵱȴΪһ׸ıˣһ䣬һʰ̫ϻʶ࿴ѻλŮյ̫ϻʵĿ˵ӱճĶӣҪΪ̫ϻʰѽɽøأ
˾ͽ˵ͷʵʲôʱҲ֪ˣҲֹΪλΨһӱ֮͵ʱɽҪصӼУΪˣ¡󳼣ҵ£಻λĴķ
̫ϻʻ鶨嶤£̫ϻʱϾ꣬廹ãһи̣һ᲻һֱѽɽץа˾ͽü
˾ͽٲȴҡͷһЦ۾ץץɣʱЩһ˶ˣỹܹЩ


520 ҵ
Ÿո뿪˾ͽûãž͸Ůˡ
۳ˣ
ǿɶˣ㻹ܸ˭Це
οЦ׳԰סӱˣҿҪԿġ
ֲûԹʲô
ԪﱧһĶӣһ£Цģûˣ
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¾һ˼ɵЦһŶ뿪ȺβҲ֪һﶨѵӵ˵ȥˡ
ջؿ±ӰĿ⣬ԪЩ꣬ˡ
٣ΪʲôΪĶţԱͺȥġһԵΪ
˰ɣǺ˵˻͹˵
һδԣһɣһԹıסԪĸ첲㣬㿴⸺ĺ˼ҹֺ󣬱㲻˼ҰɲҪʲôԺһˣ
˲ź߰˵ٻǱ滰棬ת٣׽
ǷԪһֱһģҪΪˡ
ˣ๫æͱˡ
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θһ䣬ȴԪһתǾͼǵԹɡ
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οɲҺǼϻŮһ䣺򸮡
˴򸮣ǰˮСԺǹùýһլԺȻûˮСԺĿʤھ£סʮʮҲû⣬ʺεŵء
һֱڣ׼ϢʱͻȻˣһǷԪ£
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ν֪εԷԪʮ˽⣬ҲֻŻ˵
һЦȴǿЦ
ԪЩһֱ򸮣Ҳ֪ҵƢˣӻƴƴʱҲῼ飡
Ԫͷ⣬๫ŻƵصԪҲ뿪ˡԪǸˣ๫飬ԪʵҲҪʲôֻҪܺúô๫߼ɡ
ͻȻһЦǺǣѵ㲻ô
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һԪҢɽﻹһ׬BŮʮŮ˵ûкøǾܵģǾϻŴԼ޷ң
γĬ˺ܾãղҡͷһ̾ʵĲ粻Һһ£ˣǵҲͳˣ
ԪüһȻЦ๫治˰

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Ǿɣ첻ˣ๫עϢԪʩתȥ
οıӰʧһҹڷߵһ̾
ԪһһУ޲ɢԵϢ治ҺӴ̫ãȻ͸ٽˣһѳֲסѲҰĸˣˬ֮ӭıĵĴʹ
ģǰϻ檻жҸˣȴ֣ȫǿա
һ䣬У˯
ļٴοʼܣ˾ͽЧʺܿ죬һ칤㵽ָĽһ棬ҪӴԺļҲ½صߡ
λȻǴԺ󹦳ǶָͽܣˣһҪǳܣڣŮŮʰ˭˵֣
ˣǰľͷĿҦᷡҩʦʦͱ֯δ㡣
һԺļĴ¶ʵɹԺĹһɰ˼ǻʸǸҷŸƨ
һνЩϼһΪ°
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˵Ϊ˰ȫҪ֪Сطֳ궫ܣΪͨ˶ԣֱǼ尾
ѾŪˣ޽ѧǱǵһʦҵѧѧϰѧѧииҵӵܣѧֻ꣬ûʲôóɼôֻ˵һԲˣ
һЩʦ㶷˵Ѿϰпյ˼·ϰ߹ϰߣܻܲܽһⰡ
˴˾ںΣľҦ᷺
˵޳ͷᣬһ֮Լ޷οǼеˣǽ̵ǣѧһ֮ȥҲҹ
뷨ãǽ̻ͽܶʦ룬˿ûУЦڿ۳õٺ»ǰ߳ʮȻںЩҪ˵ģҴڼգӳȥ󣬱ͬпɾͿˣ
εȻΪŵ˻ĴӦǿĹȣ䵽³
Ƿİɣֻ£׬Ǯû˭Ϊ˭Ľ֣


521 Ѽ
˿治ϡ棬ʶ˺ܶ࣬һ·ʱܿ·߾һڣһʼλΪ˯أ˭֪·ʱᵽʬζ
ս̲꣬ϣƼݣ˱ȱȽǣϱӣЩοɴδҲһЩﱨТӶĸġ
Ȼ˺ߣһнŵ걻ǳֻ˵ˡ
ҪģȻ˵ܱ֤ˣЩҾ
ҪĲˣʥˣˣ
εĻʦĬˣԺ̫ãǾͲ֪ͬǰգвսء
ܳ𣿡ü
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Ȼ˶˵ˣЩϼһﶨȻ㡣ͷ
ҪʲôܷԸҲͷ
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ЩֱرǿճԷĹϲתţǼ⣬϶ʮͷţҲ˵ǰҲƽԶﲻĳ̶ȣν̵ǵļҲ޷ȳ̶ȡ
κһ˺ἰЩ⼸λʦȻҡͷҲֻβ˵ǡ
²˳٣ε㰲ż˺úϢ죬Լල޽̡
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ѩ׷꣬ò꿪۳Ҫӭʹı
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˾ͽٲЩ꣬ѸߣҲȥ͢С񣬵ƫƫн޷
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˾ͽСһߣŮЩǼĴ˵ĲܣһС䵽ϣǽС±£Ĵ˳ʴ˲Żۺ죬ļĴͷϣǸˡ
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ãүүҺܾǰ˵ƺг𰡣
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κһһͣ˵࣬ŭɼжȻ鰲õ˺һ飬һ֮ѣļһ
˾ͽôҲ벻Ȼһٶ״Ԫ˾ͽһƾʲôͱ˾ͽֻҪм仹һһҲǺһģӵǡ
νվüģ˵оᣬ˼飬ƾǿ˲֪ٱһֱĲһѹ֮뻵һ۱֪
˵ΪæһֱΪȢޣҪҪүү˵®Ĺףʡ߶
һүүֱ׵Ļ˾ͽС˲ˣһûгȴҲûӦ˾ͽٲεһ۱϶ŮĬˣ
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ףԣŮ꼸ˣ˾ͽٲͻȻһ䡣
ոջ޻е˾ͽԣ˲ɫ㽩Ӳˡ
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˾ͽҡҡͷҿ˰ɡ
һԣ˾ͽٲʱĳһ仰Ѽˣ


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ԪЦ˹һѩƤ¸ϡ
ЩԱ鹰Ц
ȣҲǱû취
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βǲȥʵڶʱѾȥˣÿνǸоѹ֣رںûʲôΪǧټķŪˣŶܰ
һ뵽ЩαоеͷˣϾŮѾΪŮʣδŪǧСãǡ⵱ҪҪܹأ


522 ˰̿
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ţȷˣ֪ҵѧֹǽ̵ѧѧѧҽѧѧ빤ƣֱΪգľգգ԰գյȵȣ֮ʲôȱڼӡ
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ҶģֲҪˣٵˮⱾаǧ붬Ժ󣬶̶һʱ㱻߰٣İ٣⻹ֻˮӺݺͼݼϰԥڣÿհܶҪǧ˰
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˶ǳüչİ̾˰̿һ±治̬ͬȣǵ糯ʱһ룬Ϊ׵Ĺ֧֣Ȼ˴󳳴ֺǺ棬û׸ոѵģһЦ˵ˣҵģ

һýԾӷְ治֪ⱦŮҪô̵ˣҲûʮɵĻڡ
Ůʶˣϳֻﰵ޵ţǰɣ


523 ɽ
Уرడ۳İնûǰָⲻȻһ˵Ϣ
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治װдǮ˰û̿ãҳ͢˵ˣ̫̿࣬һ˰Ｔɡ
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ǲֵǮǳ̿͢أް취²˾١
ԭˣһ棬ҲǱЩϰհɡ
԰׼ؼҰѶĻ̿׼ðɡ
һʰǰïˮĸ͵Щ˶Ūˣ뿪صһ·ߵС
ӣˣϢò˶ãܴȫǡ
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ˣʵϢһò˶̿۱̫ƽߡȻ˵ɱȴɷƵ
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Ҳ˵ȫ̿볯͢Ըɣ͢ǿɣ²ɶӲֻġ
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֪ˣͨռ̿㹻ˣ̼и˵Ϊˣ˺׬һʣʵԲԼİҲɵӣ֪ռж̿չתȥֱǶһ٣ǶĴ˵ռչľ̿Ҫľ̿۸񳬹˰գͷ˰̷˰廨Űչľ̿ΪΪ˽˰ⲻвյ
ԽԽͿΪ˵Ҫľ̿۸ʮѾԶԶ˰ˣɵӲŻء
Ǻǣû˵ˣҪʮǼ۸񣬶ľ̿ĿΪҲҪչ
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ڻ֪ϣðɡ
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524 ҿܳ
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525 ѧѯ
һ棬Ϊˮѧѧ׼һ棬Ѿʼ̸ʳ⣬Ȼֽ֪Ҳʮѣ̲ϣͶũԽԽ٣ڹϣԸҲѹۣҽܵĵߣΪЩ̡
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526 籩
βͷܶ˶ܶȴȥرЩϽģ鹢ֱƢǿ֪޷쳣˱ȼ磬ֻ˵һ䣺Ǹ
ʱı֣Щڣ쳣ȸ˶ˡ
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Ū˾ͽҲ࿴û뵽ߣ۹еĴС㣬Ȼҡһ䣬յᣬ֪֮ࡣ
֪һжڱ֧УͿѾƢȻᶯ⣬̫ףǳαǣ͵ǰѾĲ𣬹ʴˣβŸѣȻεĻľ˺ܶ࣬ϲ˾ͽСسŵһڽ˿Ρ
Ȼֻõһڽ˿ζѾˣλͲ÷δһӡ
Ȼ˺ףЧӰȫûãδˣλʦŮģĲ˵ΧͱҪԭҪŵŴϣǿдҲϣġ
˵һЩѧ׼룬αǣʱӢ䰲λø˵͵ȴûἰ룬Ϊ֪Ȼҵûѧˣ
ˮѧڳﱸʮæµڶҪسˣҲֻ͵ˡ
˾ͽ磬ȻҪȥ˵˼Ҫȥòĸ硣
飬λصʱ˲ζΪŮӵĻЦ
˻ˣ
ԪһõΣϲ߹ȥΰƤ£ѩˮѾǵɣŷ£裬Ȳ衣
ѾϰˣֻҪԪȻȻĽܶԷķΣһŮ磬ҲǼ߲֣Ϊ˾ںͷԪʱ٩Ѿ߻ģǼ޼ˡ
ڣЩˣΪг˶Ů֮⣬һòŮӣǵЩϲҤӵĸ̿󣬶ȻҪ𾪵ĸߺһ䣺ҵ찡
յ󻨿ֱٴط꣬ἰڼԷ룬ָˣᡣ
һ䣬˫ƷŵԣŤͷһڶݷ٣Ŀ̿ʱлͦȡ
һһȻǺ쳾ŮӣȴʩġݷȻһЦ
˵̸ѯʣݷٱû취ֻҪڸͳûʲôţ㿴ΣҲûн͵˼ֻһԿŻ㶷
֣֣˵ţ㿴˷Ԫ
龫ʲô¶֪Ҫȥˣֵ÷зģ๫ӣǧ˵ȻԪҲʮֺ棬Ϊ飬Ȼˡ
ƺ𣿡κȻһ䡣
öˡݷٵͷ
һĳĬ治֪˵ʲôˣ˼ҰһжݷٿǱҲǲñˣҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ˣҪȥģĬãβſʵ
ݷһҡͷ֪
ҪʲôϲȥĵطõطܿڣҰ㰲һլԺҪҲԡ
л๫⣬ٲͷ¶棬Ҳûʲôȥĵطֻλ۾ۡ
ݷٵ룬Ԫ֪Ĳ࣬ϾǰĹϵʹʱοŵģҲ֪ݷû̹׳ȻҴˣȻǰҲΪ͵˴Ů̸һˡ
쳾еŮӣܶʱɼҪɾϣ˶ãҪںĳЩ̸װ
ݷĶˣԸãҲгһܵõˣǱƵģǱʱ䳤ӸĥƵģݷٱηߺ󣬴ӹܵӺݣӺݵԥݣ̶Ӽۣʶ̫롣
£һ죬֪˼ԼȥںδȻεķ֣ˡ
󲻿ܺһСС򵱵ط٣ƽȻˣʲôָģ
һŮжֻеݷĺܿ࣬оֱܰͣĳ֣Լÿθоȥʱ׼óѩƤٴγˣƺſ籩ûˣ


527 
δӷԪӹëһ󣬽ëݸԪԼߵѵףԪʶȤ뿪ȴڸ߳ʱͻȻʵԪΣ
ԪһȻһЦһɡ
ɷһΣֵ
Ԫһ죬ͷ๫뿴ԪһΣֻ̫û裬δˣ๫Цˡ
ԪŤ£Ҳ㹻ˣкνҪ̫Сȥ棬ѩµ˸裬ȴû
ԪȻϲӦ£ߵ⣬һͥԺУͷһϿƮѩݸһЦСһȣĺѩϋ
谵Ļ⣬ӳԪҡҷˣƮѩƺҲһ̣ŷԪ衣
ξĹţĩˣĿ˼Ƭ̣ʵȡ
Ԫ棬ڼԷϰߣÿղһоָ๫⻰Щ⡣
๫ĪҲգ
ԶεЦ
ԪЦЦһǷת߳СԺĹ뷿ȡٻصǰٵݸΣ˺µĿ๫
ΰٷŵʯϣڵ˼Ƭ̣˫һһ䣬㸧ϡ
ǰһѾǽģʱϲྣö֮Ҳѧ˼ϣҪԪмǰ档
๫ܵ࣬Ԫﶨȡġ
Ԫһ԰գ죬һʼӣ϶ԪﻹΪ๫ˣ֣ǻٶȴԽԽ죬ԽԽ
εʮָϻһ߹һӶ϶಻ɽƣɲʱԪļ䡣
ֻ˺ëС¹÷Ԫһʱ̲ס趯
ϷԪ֮ǰċ裬ҲֹŵˣŸʺ޲ֳ˫ʹԼĿұ˫衣
ѩҹθټԪﻶѩϷɣϵļΪĬ·ն˷ѩһС
һǶŶհ㿴һ٣һ裬ɷ˰
˫ԺעһŮ˵꣬һŮҡͷһЦԪ๫֪ǲˣ
֪أһǵŰѷԪġҲû뵽٣
ӱޣڣɽХ֪˭ò๫ɣ򸮴ôãĪǴδ
˵ûǷ඼ûأһﲻɽ¶ˮģ˭֪ɶᰡ
Ů˵ʱԺУʮָңԪҲһˣϲ๫ѯʴȴ๫ĿŹ١
ϱѾʣҰˣհõĸˣǻڰ̾˵ҰһﲡβˣҶˣʧȥȤ벻ӾȻһȥˣҪҰЦˣҲ벻һӰɣ
ૼ䣬ãŲʲôͷڴķԪһЦզˣ
๫뵽ʲô𣿡Ԫ
ǰɣȥˣȻһˣⶼѾϱӵˡ
ԪԽԽ๫˼ˡ
ҡͷһЦйˡ
ûʣ๫Ǻ
ŶϲЦʵ
ţӽֲ԰ԲӽԪϲԪͷ
εͷŹƬ̣Ц˵ʲôȥΨ֣ƫƫϲգʴһǲˣʡĸ㲻þΪҴ˾٣Ժˡ
ԪĿһȻһЦȻ๫Ը˵ԪͲˣԪ𣬲֪๫ɷԪ
⡭
ҪûᣬǾͲˣȻ֪Ԫ˼һʵǷǰ
ˣɡ
һ⻰ԪȻЩ뵽컹ܺ๫轻ϲӦ¡
ԪĿνУջĿ⣬Щʧȥ߳ԺʱͻȻһĽСƫƫ˶ԲŮһѾͽס˫ʮֲʵš
ߺ֡Ԫû
ǰοһ¼į͵ķ㣬пڹ·˼ˣ
ӣҲŪ㡣ԪתͿʼץĽ
ŮֵƬ̣㶼ݵĸ˺ʱһ߳һˣԪ￴üһСҲЩ롣
ûû˯أԪһ±Ūҵ
ţΪǷû뵽๫֮࣬Źãϣ㲻Ҫ֡
ʲôֵİǸпˣЩɶأ
ݷٵȻ׷Ԫʲô˼Ȼ֪󷽵壬ڴ򣬷ԪĳЩǸСм¶
ݷҲֻͣһǷƻȥ˯ˡ
ݷ뿪ԪͻȻʵӲҲΪ๫İɣ
ôܣٵֲǲ֪ϲ˿ģǵӣ෴أʳһˡ
⻰Ī˵๫ǳˣ
ѵǵĺݰ
ԪûĿһۣлĵĿһ۽յķţ̾Ҫһ£˼Ҳˡ
ģѾˣ֤һˣ
Ŷ
Ԫ⻰ʱһϲãһ룬оԾҡͷһЦ˰ɡ
ĩˣԪﻹʹ˼๫ھˣǿǱĩˡ
ޣװأҲǼһﲻ룬ͼװװʲôʱ򡣡ŷԪһڣϳɵıȥ
ԪﰵһЦ˭װأŲɫʵıѾã͵֮ˣ
ڶһ磬ϴˢϣ룬źķԪҳȥһˡ
ôˣԪﾪ
Ҫ֪ԪȻźãγſɴûд̫Ǵ߳๫ȻҪȥߣ
ɲ֮󣬷Ԫˣ๫ȻֱӴҲڵˮѧ
ƹ񡣡γһѧָ㹤æ߽е
ƹԣˣǻʸ󣬱㼱ææ߹ʵʸкˣ
ڿһѧó֮á

ƹԴ󾪣ԵķԪҲסС죬þ޷ƽף๫Ϊҹ𣬽һˡ
ǲðɣҪ֪ѧʥأһԾǽڸģѧӷİ
ÿ̫ҽһ㣬ԽԽã˸裬иգ𣬾˵ϷҲ̣

ƹãջĨһѺͷӦˡ


528 
๫⡭δЩװɡԪЩн
ʲôף׬Ǯˣ
Ԫ⻰ʱ꼾Էÿ룬ǽƱȷˮһӿ
ǣ๫ѧǽ֮أٲãҲҵվЩӣܵǵô֮ð
ףʱγ·ܴγҤȻݵͼೡ϶ٲǣرһЩղĻ磬ʫʢᣬҲҪˣɴ˿ɼγȷܿŰ
ЩԵò԰ˣڴӴ뵽۳ԽԽ뺷ЩҤ֮£Ҳûི̫ﻹǺټģ֮ɡ
ԪӦҵ˼ˡҡͷ
๫⣬ֱ˵װɣԪ治ʤΰԪҡͷ
뵣ģ˭˵ֻ¥УͷḶ̌ȳﹻһӸӣҳǮĴѲȥ
ѲݣԪȫ׵ҡͷ
Ϸν͵
Ը⿴𣿡
ĺݰһЦҲֻͣǲϵĸԪϴԣĸԸİԼ˲ţ
ԪȷεĹƻر˵ϣԺԪĴСŮͲȥ¥ˣֱӵ˾ղ
идԪܾͷӦ
˵˷Ԫα͵ƹ˵ѧҪθĽŷڿΣԪϾڼԷʮ֪꣬ϰ賡صĹ죬͵ƹ
ƹôһ˶ദ죬ٵҲ㾭ܲסҪһ׷ˣɿǵǻʸĿ˶һõԴˣ
ƹӢǵ̵ƹ񣬱ιùӢƼˣʮֳڣƷҲǺõ֪еʮ־ͨЩʮַģõ͵ˡ
һ죬ζͷԪﶼ򸮺ѧܣȻΪ˽ܵÿȥ·ϣͷԪˮļֵߣƷˮеСԣűĺӴҶʮ⡣
˵磬θպͷԪѧù緹յïϢͼææĴѧһ·ˮϳ⾲Ⱥ
ĩԼʱһǰʱһǺ󣬾һߵףߵƿѵүǵˡ
ǳк޻ӦεǸһЦүǵˮˣʸһԵȺء
滹ûдκ¼ˣүƢȻ˼һʸӭˣȻڳһζĿš
ʸˡҼүë֮󣬱Ŵˡ
ȣ˵үġ
ʱвŴһߣһް߰ףƶ룬ݵ߳һαҾһЦûʸ͵ȣ֮
ˮҵҰλЦ
ǿһ۳ⷱĽֵڿΡĳǽͳӷٵĽ־ͷˮԹűǷ֮أǰΪ˴ͨ򣬲ϧһдۺͷսŶʧأٳ̲򣬽һȻ鴫
ˡ
ʸɷ߽ȥˮĵ
£βˣѹˮ˰ȻסͦãĵһҲ
֮ʱһ͵ͻȻ䣬һذëȹɫƤŮ˹ӿڵ壬һΣ
ο˾ͽЩ⣬ϸһˣӣֱҪȸ㶨δ˲ܸаˣ
ȻЩˬȻ˰ˣȻӦ
Ǻǣ㿴ңǰˣˡ
ʲôˮ羰ң߰塣˾ͽ羹ȻֱӵǸǰ··ʱƫһۣеζԵ⣡
Ҫӣܺߵ˽𣬹ưСŮӣȻҲ
ﰵһҲƨƨߵĸ˾ͽ磬ˮС
ȤĴͣѯʣ˾ͽҲһһӦξ͸оˮǾĹ뷿û֪ģǿ飬ͻȻоˡ
ʲô˼ҿģѾĴʲôְ
뵽û˾ͽ磬νˣҲֻһ·ͬ
ˣʸѧںδ
Ȼ²ȴûݣʱ̺α𱰾롣
ʱоԼֵĻˣ˵شԼʮ·
ˮǺܴ󣬴ϳŵžʮˣȴֻʮȻ⻹Ľֵǳĳ⣬˿Ѿ룬ȥֱöʮҪһʱˡ
޷ȥˣҪڳϢһҹһȥУʵ
εȻͬ⣬ûڣһԵ˾ͽȵҲӦ御ڳϢ⼸·Ҳˣ͵Ҹоסɣүүʱἰأѧʶʮ־塣
Ǻǣܵõ˾ͽүһǱ˵ˡǫһ䣬ȴûзԡ
οɸˣ磬ΪǶҪȥϾסģýһӶ˵ѧν̣˾ͽһϣǴˡ
ͻȻһ·糾ֱͣȥݻ˾ͽүδЩȥұ⸽ջϢһޡ
ôԡ˾ͽ統㲻ˣҪ취ǰֱָ֣յϱס
һ֪ˣһƨɼ˾ͽ磬һЦ廹ǵҸϾסɣҵ֪㵽ˣȴдҡ
ʵ˵˲ܲ˾ͽסԵͷˣͻʸˡ


529 ѧ
ǸСԺЩѩֻǲͬҹһһӡ
ͤʯϣðľƺץĨס֣ƺһȾƣһ룬л𣬴һƴ
Ⱦ¶ǣȫоůģǸ̾һЦΣ
ľˮûӺݾˮңȴ崼ĪҶƣ
ʸҲǶ֮ˣ˾Ҷ࣡Ц
ʵȹʴһʶãҿɲʲô֮ˡһЦ
ҲЦιǫˣٴһתʵʸ۳ô
˵Щ治ҵȷ룬ֻҪ̩񰲣ʵ˭û
Ŀһۣͷ˺ͻʸҲй֮Եˣǰ˵ʸһλ֮ˣһȻ鴫ʵ˶ڹһ£һֱڻ
֪εȻװ֪ΪλףŽλ˽ܣεʱ˸ܣǶδͶУȫסĽҲ˺һ䡰Թ˭
ξͺͻʸɣ۳ҪģʸϴӦֻ֧̫ＴλŮԸ𣬰ʸѧӡ
ʵ˵Ҳд⣡
κγ룬ҲΨˣܺͼ˰һ棬ǲ뻹֪ŮͻСȻɸĸ
ʸòлʸ֧ţҲˣֻҪһа̫ϻʵּ⣬˳İѻ̫ӵ̳дͳҲˡ
ǰ̫ˣҲֻһҲ˵㣬򸵣滹д񺲣ΪʸҲ޷ΥǣֲԸ⿴ġ
塭һ䣬ǿʱŵ̫ﲢأ
ʸ˼ף̫Ůףʸ͸ҿ϶¾
ʲô˵⻰棬˵£Ҳǣ֮ǰĻҲȷЩˡ
ҡͷһЦ˵̫ǽŮȴһΪΪλһȫ֧֮Ҳһȫ֧Ż̫ξ񣿡
û뵽ΰѻֱˣоĵĴЦЦգĿǻ޴ӾҲɲ񣬼ȻʸΪұŻʸһ·ͷ
֪ǲͬˣаս̫һλҲΪʲô¡ǧ®ӹˡ
¡ʮʵ򴦴Сģƴ󣬱ȫǣǴѹΪѹֻз֮Ҳ˵ڴҳسҳ̫һ˳ļ̳дͳˡ
ʱ򣬷һ۳ͬȫ»˭Ӽԡ
һ˵ƣ˺κˣζɸ̾λ˵ˡ
ܽĺѲ²⣬Ȼ¡Ӻݣһֱ˳ܣ˱ƼҲҧ˵ġ
лùȥ̽̽ڷ硣뵽˵㣬Ц御ܷģҲ˵µİյİһֱϣľ棬һȫƽģ
⻰ĿδЩ̫ˣȴʮţ˶޷ס£䣬˭أ
θ˵Сйϵ˾Կ˵ǵǿһ
ЦЦٴλһת˵ʸһƣ鶫߲ӣص˲ϳ˼ҶǼͬл񣬴ЩԳԱů˶Ԯָ֣յ𣡡
ǺǣҲֲֻ㣬ˣηηβµģҪ̫ƽ٣»Ҫϼʮüˡ
ʸ겻˵ɽв˳ǰˣҵȿɲӺ

εǰˣǾ¶һЩЩ˳ԾĻɸһ죬ҲýʲôֻͷȾơ
̸ͤãֱʱδĸԻطˡ
ڶ죬ǵһ˾ͽݻ˾ͽүŸѧ
ȥ˾ͽ˾ͽ翴Լһ£Ҫͬǲܾξ͸ܾˡ
ѧãǵѧĴ½ṹͦ⣬ϸڻ̲סָҲŵƹ;棬ǵҪһһ£޸ġ
ѧ˴죬ֱϼ˲ŸϻˮС
ڽǰͻȻδ⣬ξͰԼ뷨˵ǿƬ̣оӱ˾ûùвеͨһ⡣
ѧסӰȡѧѽ裬˾˱ǴƣãʸҪΪˮеŮˣ
û뵽ʱ򻹶ЩĬŮҸ첲Թ϶ģδҪŪãȷˮյĺް
ģˣǺԹԣ
ŶǱ˿Ҫˣ
˵꣬һЦͬʱ븮С
ѩʱʱϣʱʱתʮ١
Ԫ궬ĩˮѧǰڿʼˣԤʮһѮһѧķӣֻϵա
ˮѧ⣬ѾǼˣյû֪ˮѧʦˮǿϲޱȣһЩ˶ѧɴ˿ɼҪѧӵǲˣѵĴ⡣
˭Ҳû뵽ξȻͨѧӹΪһΨһͬıѧӾסĵطѧ᷿һûѣػǮѧӴΪɻûһأͻȻ䣬ѧڵУһֱѧŪ׵Ŀհ׾޴ʯȻʼٿˡ
һ죬ڲͣʯϵ̣ѧҲ֣ĲͷСʲô˼ˡ
ףôҵ֣һѧӾ㵵
Уûǰ𡣡һѧЦ
԰ɣΪʲôҵĶУҿѧľյİһʵͽѧԴԺ
ʱΧ۵ѧǣҷ׷ָʯû꣬һµЦ̸ֹ
Ϊڴ˴ۼ赲ߵ
ͻȻһѯʣøѧӷ׷תͷ˺ĹʦϺá
ǵͷٴѯһ䣬ѧʼͣ׺󣬲ĿһɨʯЦˣǵĹȴǸ˵ģǴĸģ˱ΪԵԺѧӣǮѧߣֶõĿڴ˱ϣء
⡭
ǵĽͣЩѧӲŻȻ򣬶ʱǰЩջ׳԰סˣŭɲʱһɨգЩѰ˼ҪβԼ۵ĵطϾʯǴϿ̵ģĿ˰


530 Ե
ԵһȫˮˣһЩѾ̳ѧӣϲбϲԼֿˣǣΪʲôҵ氡
ˮѧոմ죬ȻΰѹˣѧѧӣǮƵãͨյѧֻܺǰ֣֮һ붼ǵֿɶȱ̳ˣЩѧӼĸĸ֪ҲǾϲӣû뵽ӸѧͳΪѧԺ޷ĥĴˡ
ЩֻûģȻͿʼˣ
ôһκһҪİ
ģ¾ͽˣʲôûУǮ࣡
һĿŶӣﲻΰðȻջ֪Ϊһѧöѣж˲𣬵Щ̵Ϣͨأѧǵʸڱһʸ˭ˮ˲֪
ˣ˵һ䣺֪Ժǻʸǰ£Ūģ̶׬˺ۣѧܲ𣿡
ֻҪǴˣһ룬ʸͳ͢ʲôϵѧͳ͢ʲôϵһⲻһĺԺ
ö亲ԺſڣԺܼʯ°ζʲô
УұҪ㣬Щһˣ
գ㽹Ľˣ׼񣬱ŶӾͼææ򸮸ȥ
⸻ôҲ˲ã⻹ûأĴСﾹȻˡ
Բۣ
̲סһ䣬ʱһͻȻеߺȣⲻǷԱôӶǼææΪ°
ԱĿɨȥʱһ̵Ա⣬Ϊ°
ղֺαֱأ
ߣĵ׵֪ܲ
Ա˵գԱɨһۣϵһʱͫһãһҪˣ
ԱһⷽԱв֪ϵıɾ͸ӵˡ
ԱⰡҿ㻹ǻȥɣ˼һʸѾųϢˣȡ֮ƣǷĲգģ;ѧѧһɡ
ߣӾ˼˵Ҫīֽģ㰡һкеģףײͰ
Աһ֪ãԼ̫⣬ͽȥˣȻ˷Ա⳵ҲһкеģԼԲˣʲôīֽˣҪ֪ⷽԱľߵĸ̣رӽıīֽ⣬һֱģȷЩԼһģ̳̳޹޵ǲ٣ѧôܲ͹ȥЩѧӺѧӵҹɣǵö۰
ףˣ
ͻȻ򸮴ŵһ̾һеĸ̶һӵϣЩͰ򸮴Ÿˡ
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ΪŪʲôԵЩҪλءԪŲˮ߹ˣûĵЦһ䣬㳯һԵǷʩȸ󣬲Ÿ衣
Ƕ豭һڣűЦԭһڵǣʸҪƽԹأû뵽Ե˱һպǧ꣬˭ѧͬڵȻ󡣡
˵⣬ֺһڲ裬ʸͨջ𡣡
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֪룬;һ䣺Ҫˣò˭ɱŴ˵ȾͰӸˣ
ˮѧѧ죬ĺĲһȫˣǮû֮ǰõһЩȫûˣ̾ڸ˵Ҫԣ
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굽ˮͷһγܰζƽЩ̵ܵضҶףɽȻѧЩ񵽼оסźúòò˵һʸҲųϢҪ̫ѧȻףǮϵȴʮ֪ʸ˼ǲˣ
Ҳûд⣬ʳסлбϵģֱڸ̼ˣϣҵֺУ׳԰סĶӡ
ǶȫǸ̵Žĸ⣬ѧѧҲѧϰϣĸΪѧס
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ԵԽԽ࣬ܶ෢ֵĸѧӶһΰǵֻ֪һ֮ÿλѧѧϰĳɼֻҪǰ㽫Щѧϸ¼ڰ浽ѧʷأֹһˡ
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⡭ѾƬ̺ҡҡͷЦӦòܰɡ


531 ³ɹ
쿴쿴ԺĹǣߺѧðȻ͸ˣʵˣ
ѾԺʦ˵ǵԷմֵĻԪֻϧҲԵһ
УǵϢ̫ˣѾӢ֪Ժʦ·棬Էɲֹһλʦأ˵˾ͽҲҪΪʦˣ̵ĲǼգѧƺҪŮʤأ
ʲôҲˣզ죬ϴβݣҵֵϷһ£Ƶһ²·氡ȻҲѧզ찡
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һȺʮѧ¶ݵͣҲֻǿͷϵԷĶִΪУʵ̫ģѧӸѧﶯ֣ô͵ŵԺܷɡ
˵ǰ죬мѧӾΪܣȥһԺʧ죬ֱǲż⼸˻ѯʾ֪ǶԺһʱɾ̶һʱҹֱڻᱳ۵ء
ˮѧռؼ㣬Ժֱġ䡢աҽũԺ಻ͬѧƣԺͷΪƣһѧǱԺ黭̣ԺĿĿģҲƽѧӺѧģռѧһϡ
ҽԺ٣ƺǶһƢĬԣͷѧⲻЦɣʵΪѧԺһرķ羰ߡ
֮⣬ʵһԺһԺȽ⣬ȫСɣΪԺԺУ׿ƺСƣһǲʶֵƨϰڣȤһȥĸԺСơ
֮ԱƣϰԶ̣Ǩ
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ǽⶫͻȻûˣΪҹװһʲôڰ棬ʯΪʣдϣɼþʶ
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ϸϸԺĶݸһЦ־ǰ֪ˣʱʸóֽʱҲʮ𾪣˾ز࣬ȫȸȫڽںͯϰʱԽ̵ȷĵ·ֱͿΪѧ䣡
־У˼ǶǲҪЦˣǿѧǵЦ
ѧţȫʶѧʮֺ棬˲ģǺΪѧǰδأ
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ѧ˻˼죬һЦʩлʦָ㣬ѧܽˣ
ţ־ԻȥϰǼϿΣĪҪһȺͯȥˡ
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ѾģүԺǧѩˣ
ˮѧӱڶ̶̰㴫Ӻݣ˶˵ϡŹֵѧãǣĳɹ
Ĳ˵ԺղǶʱģΪҪۺܶľ飬ѧõѧӣȻ״һѲ񵶣ѧľģҲǻؼҾľͷޱȵƴռ£úõһոµĵӱˡ
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˵Ժѧӻˮѧǿôѽľ棬һ£Ȼˮ׾ٵĸ㶨ˣʵѳ͢Щһ
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ڵ۳֣͢СĸϵģǷΪһɺһɣĹԱȻλܵͣʤ˶ڣ궼Ǵǣ٣ʵȨ֮ޣ۷ĹԱ񺲡顢˾ͽЩΪ֮ʿҲΪЩԱĹǣʴˣ·棬ȴðʸҲԱ֧֡


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ˣһͯĶԣȷʵ۵ǶôȤⲻģ
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ĸѾȥ˴񺲵ĸУչ˸ողӵĴɩӣ˵λɩǻ֮Ůŵˣֻǳû˵ͦˮģƺеСʮأ
һԼС˽ʮŮӳƺΪɩο治ϰߣʴûȥ縮ϰݷá
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ų͢γַȴɽ˻ɽҲԽսԽ£һƽʦ֮£͢Ȼѡ˸
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󣬳͢õ˴պ֧Ԯһʧأɽƻص˷С
⣬Ϊɽ϶ˣ򸵽Ļ־ˣΪɽϾûҺö˶˵ĴȫҲΪ˵õʵʶٻؾʦϣ󻹳Ϊ¡үү
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ôܣұӺĹٻ֮ңȻһ֪Ӫһ˵


535 ʵʵ
ϵ㵹ǿЩ˵˵ɣΪʲôĹʵ̲סˣܲϵ˵ӣһֱƮţ̤ܽʵһ
⻰ͻȻɫһ䣬ʵд𣿡
⡭
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ѵûҰģȻסջ̲סһ䡣
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ʵ̲סֻһ䣬ȻеĵΪϱӣĻģҰİ
Ĳţ⻰˼κ򸵵ڡ
ǵɽ֮ðͷأʵ
ıһɨգȻһЦ룬˵Ҳͦɵģɽ֮ʱңһðͷӺݾȻҲðͷҾӺǼɽıҲһݣɱسǽ죬Ӻǡ
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ûˣҲܵǣ汲ɲ޶ۣһߺͷ˵泼شĻǸɵӣڲһһ£ʧӺǣ
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ȴֱӰδ˸һСμ˺ܶλ⻹ͷһνãλ󣬲֪ΪΣоһᡣ
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汲ƽӺǱųͳĴ֣ڸҵӾûʶȴ˵õĵȯһɺϣ汲˵ʱӣ
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⻰ЩȻϸһˣȯðƣͬʱһ𣬶Կλ
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򸵿ΰ죬ҡͷһЦˣ˽ɽΣǧֻϿһΣλÿջʼҴûһ³Թűˣӵģ쿴ŶӴȥﺮûţǻʼңҲ类ŪˣĽ
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ط˲ܺã鷳࣬ʵ۵ģܹܣʵ쿴һطۣҲ㹻Ϲˣȷ۰ʵ۾Ͳͬˣ͢ĻҲֻǷܼ䣬鲻ãȫһƨҪΪθңƾҼһ壬ҺΣ
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ϵζĻǻȻ򰡡
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˱ãϵıءҡͷһЦ
Ҫıȵʱ赣ļм޷ˣ
֣üһզˣ
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ܰɣҲˣʲôǡβŵ¡ȷû˼ˡ
˵Ĳһ

ŻȻһ˳ճ̻˭з˼
εһμճ̣ԴĲϵôһ˵ƺܰ
ճ̵ֳӪһ׾У˵޲޴룬޲Ӽҡ
ô죿Щˣճ췴ˣɸⲻˡ
Ŀǰԣ뵣ģպֻҪס粣ճ̶ȻŮԣ֮㿴ģǹСģ
߶᲻ðȻ˵һʯͷҲˣ粵Ƣʮᷴ˭ᷴˣ
򸵺Ͷһֳ񺲼аݻһ£Ͼһˣ˺ü˳ĸ϶ȥˣȻԼֳļҲȥţʵ˵ȥˡ
Σֻȥһ˴ĸУʮֱŤĺһС߰Ůһ񣬵һ䣺ɩá
Ҳ֪ɩĿΪˣĲȻȻһ֣Ͳһ䡰ƽˡ
ɩȷĽɾ̫СˣֱһոճбҵŮ;ͳɻˣһˣʵκˡ


536 ʮȫ
ڴ縮ۡȻҲĵѯһЩԳ͢Ŀû뵽򸵴ͬС죬ͬû淴˼һҪ취һѻ̫ȡȥɽӣ
Ȼε֪ϵһ··Ӧòߣ򲻵֮£ҲֻһˣǱǻ̫Ｔλ򸵲ӺҲӺݣô򸵺ܾܿ淴ˣ
ҾϰǧѾ¿ĺˣҪҪȨƣʲôأȻһ֮ŵȯ͢治ҰôҲù˼񾡹֮ΪӲƤ£㿴ȻͻӸˣۼҵɣ
Ȼ֪ǲԵģ£Ψƺܹİݣõĳ͢ѹԼҲطֺܴ󣬺ֶΪأ
һȺ˾
κٺһЦʹǺ󣬱һ·ϻعˣŮѾ˯£һԣμĿתˮ⡣
ˣ˵鷿⣬һԣ֮ǽޣΪȥͻ֪˿Ըͬ
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κٺһЦߵӷߣļ򣬼һ·»ͣΰ괦ָ̲ס˵㣬Цһ䣺ϲǲһ𣡡
ӷ౻๫һ㣬ɻһ˲๫УҲ˵ֻһִֻ๫ͷǰĥ伸£ݵı۾
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ͬΪʲôԽԽ㲣ȴԽԽˣ
ҷԪﲹӣ
һ뵽㣬ζʱ͸оζ̾һŮŵµʱղˣȥ糯ɡ
첻ϳ˵Ҫеȥء
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ο˿СвĿ⣬ٿ˿Ůһڴ飬ֻ÷˻ͷϴˢϣڹ䣬оûʲôģŽǻһװ΢˽ȥ
һѩܣһڳ֣Ҳʮ⣬䲻֪ݣһеĿΣŮĽСĻɰޣ˲˵Ŀ⣬Ҫ֪⸽С߾⿴Ѱ·У˲֪ٹ͢ǻ˼
ڳʮ죬źһͬسˮȥ
ˮѧھʱĥϣѾ̤ƽȵ·;˿֮һЩĽѧҪѧֵ÷зĶΪƽ
ԪҵΣѯʵǺʱȥʹݣ
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⵹ǣҲˣǺŮҪʲôǸмңȻݷҲĿǰԺû˼ѧ㹻ӦˣҲ¿ѵӽЩŮĥ
֣ԪƤٺҲһ죬Цһ䣬ŵҲ˵ӵ߻һҿ֯ƵδգȻȷɳƵһ٣ء
ŶҵˣţӾ˰ɣҿɲԺŮӣŮһ
Щˣ̫ڣܹƻˣһһŮѧǸϮˣԺǿɾˡ
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ԪȻһЦҪȥͻȻ뵽ʲôʵˣûˣֻģʲôʱŪһ
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ȻԪȴЦһԼҪģʱܲˣҿΣ
Ȼ֪Ԫ뷨֪Ҳ֪Ӧøأǡ
ԪƺѾҪҩˣȻ뿪ѧسǲɹҩģ⼾Էķɶأһ˵ò٣ܲʲô̶ȣǷԪ簡๫Աǰ˺üҩȥǶܼ֣ܷ־һ˵֮ˣ
ȻЩԪΪԼҸȻȥˡ
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ҩģ
üһͷսҩСӿ£Ԫ˱֪֪Էط֪ⶼǴСѧϰ룬󣬿ɷһֶΣͨԷŮӶᣬοˡ
Ԫ˺һҪƹ磬ӾȻһĴսЦŶҶˣҪˣ
ӣϹʲôԪֹһ䣬һָͷϣ㽫ƿ
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Ԫһ죬ȴǲӣм£ٳԺ
ŷԪıӰüһһ᷿棬һͥŮڴ̨Ūߡ
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ʲôݷټ粻ߣҲˣ߼æ
ʮȫ󲹣
ɡݷһʱ̲סе
ǼԷһ飬ɬĲᣬ岹߲Ѫ˲Ųʮ˳۳Ҳò˥Ԫﹴ󷨣պ๫ñƵķģĶƨ¡


537 ǧ
ݷٴãһЦһŵ㰡Ī뿪Էˣʮȫ󲹵ĹЧˣĪ˵๫ݳʵҲסʮȫ󲹵ҩЧԪ赣ܳȴݲаˣ˾˫˫ˣ
˵⣬ݷٲСһ죬ǼҶ๫ж飬ĪҪˡ
ɣͼɡĵĿһݷ٣ͷԹԵʮȫ󲹲һҪȫ£һװڵģҲܵˣ˷ԪҲˣʱɾҪźˣ⣿
ԪΪ˶أ᲻⡣ݷٲΪ
ˣķǣܡ
֪޷ȰݷٺҲ˷ʱ䣬ת뿪
ԪҪʲôû˱Ҫʲô֪
뷨ܼ򵥣ڼԷһˣͼ˰ɣأһֱȵһҹҲûһ
Сӣʮֺ棬һʱȻ˽ȥ뿪˼ԷСӼȻоСĹ壬ɴൽססڼ޳ȥ
סôã˲٣ȴްһȺСӣʱûоϲǰ򣬶ˣֱ˫ֱۣʶ˫壬ǰСӵӶɳˡ
ɫȻҿȾһȺͰȵĻƻ˶ˣ˼꣬ʱ˭ܾһ
оԼҪѾˣֻҪͲҪ̫ģ˳۵ľУƺ֣۹еߣ˭˳ۣȻҲҷϣ㸮׳԰סôãզͲմأ
ǧȢҿɺã
˵仰Ȼ֣ǰóһһϮСɾ°ۣ߻ԼȸССһһ
ùá
СһȻףֻ꣬ѾˣʮֶأɵľֹǵһůڼʵͽģС֪ǱģΪߣ׵Ļоʮֺߣ̲סŪ˼
Ҫн㣡
ûѵһ䣬ߵСһǰСһСֵԺ󳤴ˣҪҪȢŰ
Сһ⻰ʲô˼һͿĿ硣
ҡͷһЦоԼǴˣ̲ס͵ԺԶͽһӣòð
һ⻰Сһﱾ͸СӣȻ˲һƬСԴ粦˹Ƶ÷ҡڣ˦ˡ
ʱŭˣϣƥģչôãȻ
Сһ۾˲Ứӿ֣СһһȻҪˡ
٣ҿޣ㻹ǲ˰Сʱˣ㾹ȻޣͣٿҾͰŪҴ˯ˣްߺôأ˺òã㲻˯˻ɣ
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СһȻ󣬵ǾںïΡ
զˣղŲǺö˶˵ôһžͿˣǲ۸ˣԺУһСһڿû
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ҡͷһЦ߹ȥСһﱧЦޣ常ڣҰ˯˵ģ
δ˻һȻ˷Ķʮֺգţ۲ܳԵȵزģһͷһμʶԺǧ򱻸ˣζԵ°
α׼òͣȷ˰һСֳˣŵ常ﹰεЦ䣬ʱݷҲ˽һǷʾһ
οûˣҲᵱʹֻǵѣһòͣιһòͣδ̫һ㡣
Ԫһֱ֣ЩͷˣҲͲˣԸŮòͺ󣬱һ߳һιֱԱˣԪ٣һֱӰһѷŵǰ
һ£ݷ˲ͰĿ⼯йԪȴɫŮ֪ȴ˿ѣοѰ죬΢΢һЦãþδˣֻġ
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ݷͻȻڣü˵һƺоһۣͷһס
զˣЦЦӣͷҲ̧һ䡣
ûûʲôʣٿɷԪһѧգ
һҨһһڣζƬ̲ſݷЦкβɣֻǽѧЩۣ㻼нˣҵ˸
๫뵣ģÿնд壬Ҳ˸ѧҲд󰭣ڸа׳԰ס๫ٰæʮֹⲻȥ
ֱ뿪ͺˡ
⻰û˵˵ЩݣϾ˼ҾһֱöԷȶοɲҲϣݷԼ뿪쿴һڼܰһԪ͹ˣ磬ֻһëûĺӡ
ݷ˵꣬ŮĬһĶԸǰҩҲᡣ
常ҲҪ
СһָŴ۾һգգ常ʱζӣЩˮˡ
ãҲһڡ
ЦţҪҨһιСɾʱԪͻȻе๫ɣ
һ㶣죬ͻȻһŵҵˣСӲܺȣ
˵գα㽫һ׷ԼУļЦ常ιȼ
СȻʮ볢常常ιһڼҲˡ
һٷ潻ʰǱ常ȥ鷿ҵÿյĹһҪɣľͿ常֪𡣡
šСʮֹɣҺȫһεŮǽȻ෴
ȥʱһĶ𣬴Ԫָһ壬㺬ҰҰ죬ʱüһȻʮȫ󲹣㣬ް
ԪҩѾȥϴˢɾſ˵˵ʲô๫ʮȫ󲹡
ݷٿŷԪЩŵӣ֪Ļˣ֪ΪΣоЩζˡ
ߺⲻѣһ֣߯ߣСӲòϰҹ˭˯Űһ̾ı顣
Ԫ¶ҲڲҴˣһ̾Թж꣬๫ȴһֱ룬֪⣬ֻǷ⣬ǵѪӣ๫ϵӣҺӹҲͦܵģԪⷦ޹Ԫ
ޣ
ʱͲˬˣŷԪһڣЦҲ˵˻᲻ͷѪҪˣѪҸұ֤϶СӵģҪ


538 Լַʳ
ԪҡͷһЦĪǻ֪˵⣿϶᲻ˣ
᲻ܲ㰡û
˵ˣңҪԵȥˡ޹أ๫޹ءԪȻ
ɧһǿһˣҪվǮԣǮİտ̹ˣҲˮˡ缥Ц
ܱÿڷпһȴɲóúã
ڱҰǧһ£ʿߣһƽ£ã
ݷٽŮԽԽң̲סڵڵˣһǣλò̸μ޲ˣ๫Ǿİɡ
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ݷٴһͷԪＸͬĳһ䣬ŵݷҲҿˡ
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ǹӶ࣬ѧǹѧǰʿЩѧѧȻ˶ڣǹѧӶɢˣÿУ˻ʴѧӲŻǷϰ
üһһݽɫһһ


542 Ůһ̨Ϸ
ȻʶܶݽɫӾˮġ
Сһѧɲǻһ豸һӵѪı£Ѫѵǽ̣һܳԵҲͬⰡһ٣˵Űͯզ죿
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ʴˣ쵽ʳòͣҽʦڵĲͼѧӲһǽ֮ʦ֪ѧȴһ֪ʱѧѧ⣬ҲǵĽȻˣҲһЩԹģһЩŮʳãԻģѧӣǵʱûʲô飬ºҪЩһ֪¾ж
ʱʱʳÿɫ˽һѧӵĳԺ⡣
αǣʳôûпһʣԵùСҲͲ˼ˡ
ԺǱƺֹ۰ǺȻʵ
ţߺȱǹʦԺϰǹѧΪ࣬û˶ѧҲġ
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ҲĲǽһɣǽɣΪ˿̱֪ƴӣ⼸֪ٵӱƳݣǽһڣʵѾʵ뽭ɵǽȻͬȻղ£״Ԫδؾһλʦҹ۽һΪʵڽֵ̣¼ҲĹʴ˲ʸƼ
ţһ˵ҵȤȥ
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Թεݳ뿪ѧֱｭݳȥ
ݣʲôβ֪ƺЩ˶
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εʱˣ֮ŻعЦһԭǽһɰ
С϶֪Ϊ£һɫҲû¶ѷеٴʵ
ʵˮѧĴߣѧԺԺƼصعѧѧǹ
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⽭һȻεĽ֪ݣˣȻؾһʱЩ֪롣
ʦָֻһ³ڽ̡ٴοڵ
һԣʱͷֱΣʵﲻһǹ񿥵ʦΪҪϷȥһɽݶ֮Īǻʸ֪
һٸţ˳ѾȥӾˣʴ˲˼ҳɽ
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ҿ
ξ㵰죬ɰһ֣
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ףƽǢǢԽƵŮզˣǷǮͬʱˣ
λź棬ɨһŮһ䣺ǳüİ
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ΰһ䣬ҲŮߵһ£Ԫûи裬Լ֣һ쬵ҰҰ죬̾˵߲˶ûأˣŲҰ
ԪԣʱһǸ⣬ûжֺ
ݷɵͷһ䣬ƺЩܲˣھ͵󣬵ȻģǶҵġ
ԪԣȻһʵθһ£Ůתˣ
ҪǴΪΪβ޸
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θոպеĲˮ̲ס˳
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Թƣ򣬴ϣ˵ȻѾǴ󣡡
Ǻǡ
ԪﲻÿɷЦκë
Ҫ˵ԪѾڼǰͶˣ㡭һ·ƣ˶ĪҪΪҲ֪˼ҿǵĳ㿴˼ңȷģΪԼƣ޷޳ʴŲ߰ɣ
ϣ˵ɣڵ㣬㲣˿ݻƣ˼ڰ
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ԽԽ㵣ǿеġ˼ҡʮֵĺ棬ֿԼҲˣ˭ѾʼЩüĿˣ
̨Ϸݵʲô̶ȣҪװģĺú


543 ⾳ͬ
ȻУŷԪһӵĺִͣԽԽ̲סŮһ򣬶ʱŮѾվøֵĲš
ݷѾʼĿҡҡͷʾԼҲް취
û취治κϽȥû´Ůӿеġ˼ҡˡ
ԪԼģզ£ǰľֹԼû˼˵ҪҪ֮ҲֻЦҲҲ˵Ц㵱ˣ㲻ֹǴˣҪˡ
ŮԽԽһʼĵ٩áԻҲԽԽ࣬Щˡ
ˡκֹ
ԪȻͷ˭ǶԶֹסڣ໥ӡ
Ϊݰ֪ʵһ䡣
ǰ飬㺦˰ɡ
˵ȸ״һʶ֮Ҳƫ̻Ԫˡ
ԪȷҩͣοһҹΪ˸ˣˣԪɺʾĵ˵˵Ϊ๫룬û㣬๫֪˯Ķ̹ء
ǡţ㴵ˣҹ˯ֱǳ˵Ρ
Ϊǳ¥Ĺ֪մҲʾģ
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κգĿⲻԾɨɨȥԪȻûȴз๫ľٶΪˬһԪ֪սһԪҲ˵ˣ󣬿ǻĥһļӣһսһԪСأ
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ԪѾ˺ܾˣսڹﴹͷĻᣬȴӸֹˣвŭ֮
Ȼ֪Ԫ룬ԼӶȤò׳⣬в֪֮޸ζҪ̵ģЩ޴ѡ񣬿ɿ̫ãѿƣڲ־ûˣɾڹϣԪȻҪˡ
ԪԼҲԼСƾʲôΪͥ⣬ǱҲ˵ȻСڣɶΣɲϣ˷ʴˣλӻֻһˣ˭ϣǱ˭ģһǸŮ˾ͲκϽ´˶Уһһѵĺ꾫ëιˣ
ԽŮӷԽøԪﰡ
ݷټŮ׼սҡͷһ̾ԸᣬҲ߳ãÿվͥԺȥʵ๫Ϊβֹǣ֪ǶΪ㰡
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ʲôоݷٺ
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αϲɫȴֵòУݷٹȻûĻк⣬٩һµ˼Ҳˡ
ǵȥѧҺð㹤˵Ժ
ݷٵͷһãҡͷһЦҲصԼ᷿С
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α÷ԪԼţ˼ҶҲòȥ
·ԺԺѧޱĽĿУԺ
Ҳ֪զģһ磬εãÿ紵ƮƮȻġ
ԺﲻûˣҲֹһŮˣ˲ʮ֮һҴҲѧϰӼֻȼѧģ⼸ˣȻͲС߰˾ţʮǳһһݰףüĿģžϲ
ǳñŮ˻ŮˣЩӶ˼ҳѧӣԺӵĴʮֺãѧѧͨˣгݵĻᣬǮð
ԿϷ෴ɫΪɤ֬ζӢϲ˵࣬һ֣һ㶼ͷƣ
ѧ辺٣ǲȱһǣȻǣŵʦϸĽ̵ϣճһķķǣһѧ
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㲻Ƿϻ粻ҷ㣬ѵ𡣡
Ժ׽̽Ƕдֿɺã
ĶĶȥ
һ·ѧǹĿУ·һŮСӵ٩Ƥָָ㣬˽Ŀ⣬߽һ¥С
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ԪҲ¥˿ǷڰǰͷɫЩ㲡
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๫ֺα֪أݷû
ԪתͷκһɨǷϣչһЦȴȿݷٵٿɷ衣
ݷƵģ᲻֪ԪС˼ԵȻһЦͷȥ


544 ֳЦ
֪ݷһߣһʱǻزˣҲſԼ£ȵҸоܶԲǰ
๫׾ͺãһηԪﾹȻҲˣֱԲ
һЦ⼸ʱûһ㶯ĵ𣿡
๫Ǵ׵Ϳ
ԷԪһֱ׻һʱҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ԫ￴ĬľٶɫһŭԹޱȰ
๫ȻԪ⣬ֺαسؽԪ
⡭ǰǡ
ν͵ĻᣬԪԳһЦԪ֪ԪҲ๫ȲѣЩԪһֱ򸮾ס๫Ϊβֱ˵ĽԪϳţ
ѾģԼҪĺòã
⻰ɲ˵ΪҲԼС˼ֻû뵽һϣǺü꣬Ԫѿ֮꣬ãҪϱӣ˵꣬£Ҳˡ

һ̾Ԫƺ뿪˵ԪѾ뿪򸮣ѧסʡ๫
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ԪɫʱӲ԰ױɲ⡣
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ζ󣬵ɺޱȵĶ˾ͽĹƣͬʱһûƺҴˣҪ֪ҹء
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Ůѧû꣬һʼûʲôɽĻתƣֱҲ֪˭һ䣺ʲôʱܳʦԺ׵ϲư

˵ˣ˾ͽ綼Ȼˣʲô°ôȥǰأ
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ôҪ˽˵𣡡Ц
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һҪȥԺЩŮӶʱһɢĵطǲˮѧһһŮҪִеУ棬ǱԺܷ
뵽ǰһЩŮֵ̫ˣ֮һԺûˣٴγʱһʵʵģ滹㳤ö̵ģҪжܣ˭֪ǲûŰ
ŮѧһɢԺѧҲʦǸȥƽǸ¥Σȴʼˡ
ոջؾ˷ԪھҪҲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôֻüװ򶨵ĴţԲ


545 ˭ˣ
кܰ˶ûпڣģԪۿ΢죬ͷ
ѹֵķΧȲ˵ߵΣŮɾͼˡ
㵹˵˾ͽ͵͵ſڴϣһ϶ͣлʱʱֹ䡣
ԪĶˣʱﶨȻǻûʧȴղָоʮϤǽǣҶǣÿÿ絶ʡ
˾ͽ翴һԵݷ٣ɻѵҲϲСӵ𣿡
ݷһ죬ȴҡҡͷ˶顣

˾ͽһŤͷ
ʱڣǿˡ
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Ԫһ֪๫ҪӱˣÿζΪʲôԼƫƫأ
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๫粵飬ӷİĽ֣뵽һҲһΪǣҶǣ跹˼Ը⸶һУԹˡ
ʶãͱԪƷˣΪβˣսڼԺõĴõģ˾ʱ÷Ԫݲ⣬ͬʱҲЩ񣬿ɺ๫ûûΣǲϣ粻ʱ㲵ɫ
ԪΪչΣȻף⣬ҲûѰÿÿﶼаֱ̾޵У๫źࡣ
Щ๫飬󲿷ֻƫǱߣ÷ԪЩΪƽˣͬʱ˼ҲԽԽˡ
ǿǵλ˵ݣԪûϷʵҲһйرӣûþ͸оЩʮȤֻ֪֮Ҳֻ֪׬Ǯ޶ϣԷŮأ޹ȥҲֻһʱʣҲȤͷζˡ
๫ﲻһÿʱԼչʳʱ๫ʱʱ٩ȻĶ
ȻҪǰڼԷʱЩӸҲʱ٩ǵĵ٩ǵϷԴʷȥһףҲͷˣ๫ͬԴӱ˵˼⻰ʲô˼
һŮ˼һ˵ԴʱȻܺȻˣھö֮񣬽ѿˡ
๫ɷڳһΣԪͷ˵
οı飬Ȼ顣
ȫԪﳪĺ
ԪҡҡͷԪҪĲ๫´ʡ

㶣ʱһҪɡ
ԪԣһΪ̧ͷĵѵ๫ԪһҪҲ޷ˣ
󣡡
һʣһ⣬ɫҲ
һսһӣһ߻ڹУž޴ѹΪɽտǵŮһ꣬ȴһֱδðرĺգ˵ô죿
ҴһʼʹˣҪƣˮСԺҲͲǵһծˡ
ʡҰжҰм֣ҵҲ棬ҵİҲ棬ҵġһǣѾҵģһ飬˼񡭡
һĺܵͺܵͣЩɳƣ϶䲻䣬аζŮӵĿǷΣ黳һֱԪ
һգٴ˼ž⣬˾ͽ㵣ƵÿΡ
Ԫһ飬׿һо๫Ҿں棬ʲôԪֶȻĶһţȻޱȰ
ԪﾹȻϲ˵СӾȻѸζֱ׵Ĵʻ㣬˺ëֱܰ˾ͽ˫۷
ԪϲϡŹ֮ڼԷʱЩûһϡ£治ȥԪһ棬Ϊˣ˵ȵĸ󡹩Ԫһء
ǰɣȵĸ󡣿
ţʱ˲ˣҵȥʱʹʲôȵĸ󡣬Ǻö˶˵ܣնһȣġ
ӱΪһЦʲô붼ɵĳ
ݷһЦС⻰ĪǰĴҲȥˣ
˾ͽһʧɫ˵Ҽɲˣ˵Ůˣϳ͢󳼣Ҳδù񡣡
Ҳϲڣݷٲĵ
˾ͽ翴ݷٵ˼Щεˣ˳һץô𣬵˵꿴ݷߵü˾Ȼѹлƾ˸ǲڶ֪ȥˣãʡҺ£Ҳ֤Ӷ¹ޡ
һ˾ͽ磬ݷɫһ䣬ɷϣȷ󿴵̫أ񿴿ҲͨˣʵҲף壬Ұ̫󣬲˳߲Ҫ̫ƽСǳ׵ƫˣʴˣϲҲҪʹˡ
ϣ๫ǵĶԣЩԪ鷳
Ԫ⻰ãſڵҶԲ㡣
ԪҡҡͷߵߣסŲѹԪҪȥˣ๫Ա㡣
θϽ׼ͷһ䣺һ̰ɣͷոŤȥһòɷѾ

λһȴǴ㶵ĻزֱһһҪʱͻȻҲ֪զأȻ˫һһǸոҪӳȥСʱͱһ룬Ҳ뿪ˡ
һ쳤ؾã㣬ľһ𣬲ֱ˴ˡ
ʵҲ䣬ͻһĻͱһˡ

˾ͽ羪һʱʲôסͣΪʱӣˣֱǽװ˵ƵģһĶΡ
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˵꣬һûӰˣԪ㶰죬Ȼͷƹ촽ĩˣ̲סգգ£һЦͻȻɫһ䣬ü۵ĵ⣬
ӦǽȥŶԡ
˾ͽһǸеķԪЦ
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¾Ӧóˣȴ;ϣ㻹˼ԪȻ˵ҲףɲˣϾѧȻ˵ϢһǰŮѧþò̲ס͹ѯʣʱֱӰ๫Ȼ£ǰˡ
һ̾Ԫﰵһϧݹ߳¥ѧöȥ


546 ǹ
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ïҪµͻȻƷʲôָε촽ѵӣûĨ졣
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ֻⲻ˵ˮûǹ֣ʵ˵Ӻݣϲ赶ŪǹǶţëٻң̷֮ҵãҲϲŸнͷУҲӺ顣
Щ꣬ս£սݣЩʮа˾ŶӾȥˣһǹֶѡ
ҹαӦûζԪһǵ飬ΪĴսӽһѳǹ֣˼²ɽΣǹˣ׼ļֱ޷ֱӰټһӣĶȭͷ󣬿ƫƫϲ̵ԱߣӶ̲һһü£ɰ·ĸѾˣöӶˣȴǲҿ԰ǴЦֹЦľֹҲͦģ˼ЦشЦǸ˫յһһģֱεע
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˼һʲôϵС
ɽͯѣҲ˼ڲ𡣡
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ҲŮһۣеĶֱǹʱǰһʱ˺һǹⶤڰУǹлֱָǹͷǹվ˼
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ȻԼ
ݷ뵽⣬ͻȻоԾ˦˦ԴЦƽڸУ๫ս̬ȣƺֻǵƤޣսʹұ죬вǻлලˣ๫ûбҩʧǣǲݵģ
ݷٴ˻Ԫף˵繴˵ı²๫СҪûʮȫ󲹣¼һﰡ
뵽һ㣬Ԫȴ̾һ
๫үһΣкοȵڡ
Ҫүˣ㻹𣿡
ݷٴǣԪģȷصıζԴ粵ģӷ࣬ҲȲѣһɿܵĻ֮๫ԳҲΪģûΪɵɵģ䣬ٰǻ
Ҳ԰ԪȻһ̾ĵϣܾΪɣ
ݷ⻰ɫȻ¶Ц⣬ȴЩζ֪ΪˣΪ̾Ԫˣ


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˵꣬ȴǲ뿪ԼһصС
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գʱһ̣ˮѧԺУ΢𣬹ξ̡
һյϢѧǣɲǼ䣬һǰ˵أһӣΪѹѹһƬ
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һһԺѧ֮˵Ļ׷Ťͷȥֻһʮ꣬ɫװԺѧվں档
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548 Сʩһ
ŭˣǹŪ˽ʮǴδ˼㡣
㲻㣬ո˽ţڻһôߣƭ߳ŭ
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μˣһɲϴӦҲ޿κΰҪٴʱһͻȻŲһ٣ͷҲص˵ϷԻְͷʸ͡


549 ׷ծ
һӣһưͳԻпԣһˮѧν̣ĵһѧӶǴͷʴˣеıȫйͷϣǺԺֱͱ˼ʱʱĲҽԺѧӸеëȻ
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Ȼϰն֪ˣҲƫԶСطĳػʵ۵ǻ˵ȴ£ȻҪһʱȥѾûˣȫõһ죬ñȰϳҲ˼
Ůǻ˵ȴ£ܲȥȥͬʱһŮѧȥԻݣ
ڻʸЩŵ͢һԱǼΪڴһȻƲġ


Ԫʽˣ۳ĴϰնԴ˺⣬ֻϣٴθĳУΪǹŶЩͿˡ
ȻҲΪܵģȴŮӣлζоɲ֮ˣ
ԥ·Ʈ㲻ͣƺˮλȴ꼰ʱ̣ˣҲô˿̵۳Ԫ˧̫粷ľˡ
һ£粶޽ᣬһ磬㶥С꣬ɫ信վڻƺӱߣָ
һսͶۿۣв٣ȴȥȱʽǮ£С֮࣬ҪССǰаǧ˰
ⲻò˵粵ʧְȻ͢ûйԼһҲѶɹ˵û뵽߾²һ
ֻΪս𲨼ǿ԰ȼãͣһЩصĺԼ֣֮ļǴԥ
ԭԼҶֱݣҪȥͱսսĴַŵÿձǡ
мңһŰֽǳ߾Աָ㣬Щܻ෴ɡ
ŮڵǻƵۣŮ˵Ҫˣ߾ֽɡƵߵȻ
߾Ȼɫ糣תʱǿε˷⡣
ŮһȥСװ磬ĴĹŮۣһͦΣĴ佫ףȫһϮڣ˵Ӣޱȣúǰ෴վһøĽʿĲˡ
ò๫Ϊ֮ɣ߾ֵ
ҡҡͷ϶ܣһϲǣ鷳µˣ
Ŷ̵ֻҲῼ⵹Щˡ߾뼥٩
粶Դʺ⣬Ŀ⿴ƺӶ񣬲ŵ޺úᣬȥұʾԼң֪ʦк飿
³ʢȻˣʦһְȱˣ˷ѡ
ҪԼҲѣҪʵѣս꣬ò׵սٴΰˮҪ֪ϰҪĲǹšţһӣ˭ܸǰӣǵı˭һ۳ҲŻˣ
ÿ˿ĽǶȲͬŰѸô꣬ûȥ๫Сӣ˵һݵˣɳвҵ
߾෴ȻѡΣٰ粣ӣ۳ﲻҲ㣬˭۳ĻʵŮأ뿴ŮµģѾͷ̫Сɲ򣬵Σ߾ǲ뿴ҡʴˣ۳һҪˣ
ȻҪ۳ǵҲͶˣɽã˭ȭͷӲ͵˭ģȵģͼҵ֮ͱĩˡ
ʦкθ߼̵
߾ʮһ㣬ȴԸäţԼ׵Ŀ̣϶ĴӲˮֵ£ó߾ˬ
ԼȲҪǰ๫̯Ӹʰˣһѻ𣬵ȷõλˣϧȴң˵ˮʲôѧɫģӺݰԥݶЧϢˣɴ˿ɼǮˣ
üһͻȻһЦҲҵģʦҪãܿڡ
ҾͲˣ߾ҲȻһЦ
Ů˼Լͬһⲻ֪˿̵ĵˣѾп಻ˡ
ʦٿ޼𣿡üͷĿǰͻȻֵɮ
ɮͨ˲ֻգ֪˾һ㣬һ߳ףѩ˿ɫͷ֮ǴĵõɮҪׯؼ֡
ɮһĨףһЦʸѴƶɮԲῪڣɻʸѧѾɫˣȱסǮ𡣡
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ﰵһѾҲ˼סǮסǮʮǰʮʵӵļһĻҲ۰ɡ
ѧŸɣǰѾܴˣոյѧҲծȥˣò
⻰ȷΥˣѧȻոմ죬ѵʽȷ࣬Ҫĵط˼˾ͽү͵ģȻ˵ϸͣʮóģֻǣѾ̫ˣĲ


550 ʹ
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òϣɮ˵üԣѧѣ׬ò࣬ԺʦǮˣľԴʵͶ
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׬ǮֶΣҪ˵ǮʵҲȻ˻ѧء
ʮӣ㹻һĳסˣҪֱӸϺУεȷǺ
ʦɷڵȵȣû취Ҫͽ꣬ҲȥǱߵʳһգţëʮֱˣ˵߼۸ȻͱǮˡ
ӷ𣬻ʸȻ˰
ʦˡθЦȴʼʺںеˡ
ȻûаװʺϺеˣʮҲƶɮһݣϣҲͻʸˡ
㡭
ޱ֮£ЦеϺУϺеıӰһںתţͻȻһۣһ֮ŤͷһֻһСʯͷڵϣ¡
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ٴοһϺеķȷһȷԶˣӦòµ֣˭ɵأ
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һߣһɷǣƮƮİ׷˵£ⳡ·˿ֱ¹𾴸ߺһɰ
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ϧʲôϺжαƳ磬˲һЦһ󾹻һתõЩˡ
ϧһ̫ˣ̫޶ۣǮƣΪǮɶһ˵ˡ
ԭ¡һЦƶôʦȥһѣѹܶɹȥ궬Ҫٶٰ
һ£Ϻһֵ̧̾ͷһ䣺ӷ𡱡
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֮£ǧΣٹǶԼһ㣬ء
ͬӷ࣬£ߵһǰԡ
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ŴԲо򸵡񺲡顢˾ͽֵλãҲĸ˶ϳˣҲɼڵĵظжˡ
ٹٵ룬໥ʱ㿴Сɣò۵λŮͬ£볡С
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ЦݣǸߺ꣬ףʲϣֱ˵ÿֱЦ
Ǻǣڰ䶼ףأʵ޻ϲ쳣˵һ룬ЦĿ⿴ֱߣڲԶһòʮϡ
ֺǺǵֵرöδʱ䣬δϹĻʸ˿̶ˣ޻ϲ֮࣬οúܰ
տʼ˵ģǿһЦʵеļȫݻˣǵӷһۡ
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ԣЩӷ˽̵ģ˭̵ģοʶһ£Ȼʱʱ¶̸ٹǳ滰ͦҪ֪֮ǰǱϴԹ⣬¹һģˡ
䣬ߺһл¡Ÿ
Ʋϣ֣ܱسǳϷ࣬ͱ͢СһˣϷ󵽰˶Ϸʱддģʱսгɱ׳۳棬кóޣ֮ϸ಻쳹ʹ
Ϸݹ룬ѾȤͣ¿ӣƱ໥˶ʱͻȻһɴŮӻ̨
Ůһǣģ̲סֹס̸ֹͣĿŻ̨ϡ
û취̨ϵ˶ʵ˼伫Ʒݾޣ񻣬ǰ͸죬һԷʣһݣط˵ĹԱˣЩͣӻ׵ϼһﶼ̲ס嵽̨ǰϸϸһˣ


551 Ժ
ѽǷ̣վһ㱻һԵӷһۡ
úÿϵҷѾţ֮ŪġεЦ
һЦһҲ֪ڴʲô⡣
һŮӣó淺þ޷ƽͻȻӿһȺŮˡ
ҵ찡ʲôϳǳɵˣ˴뱲ӣ⻹û׳ĳ档
ټ̨վˣһɫȹˮӵǰ̨ĿľɫŮӣһٰʮ볯̨һϹ
ˮѧԺգ̲
ͷŮӸߺһ䣬ǵ̨ʰ
ɶ⣿˼壬Ҷ֪ȴޱȡ
ԹϷƶҤҸҤӣҪ˵ϲ̨δЩˣϾٹ˶ϲҤӣ裬͸оȱʲôҪ˵ϵ̨棬ĺѣͬһС󣬵ǰսнһ˵ĲǵˣԼ
ʴˣЩʲô谡谡Ƕǵ⣬ѱʫ֮ʿľЩⲻ֪Щ棬ÿҹڷҹһʱҪ¥ƺ̵ĳ뵽ĺޣȴɬ鷳꣬ûм֮ģȻͿʼþְ취͹ҤӵĴٹˡ
ö֮ЩͳҤӵĸҲ벻ˡ
߹Ҥɱǿ٣Ҳ˱ģ۴ٹˣ࣬û¾ϲΪ˻һˣΪ輧
Ͼˣ輧ȻУԶԱȽˣ˻ʵӼпһЩĹŸ̿ûⱾǮˣھ峤ü͵Ŀըֻ֮ҤС
ˮѧѧһ̨ɶȻҪ裬ʲôϳܲЩϳ
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ѵǴ֮á
޳ܡ
ʸģȻûʲôûɫ
˵ش˵ŮҲ棬ڡǼŲңɥʧ
ֱĴӲٹԱĿеͺȳԴˣ̨֮˻ȻΪ׼š
̨µĶԽԽѾʼҪ£˳ȻǷֻʸЦЦĿɨ󷽣ϳŵòҶˡ
ʸʲôˣǰҶûһʲôϢ񣬵ɾǵͱ£Ҳ˰͢ȫǾζ˭ҷŸƨ
һ׼Ϣ̨ͷľŮӾˣһչֱ֣ɲʱǣ˵Ŀ⣬·Ĺ͢Ҳͣ½ŲĿ׷׼е̨ϡ
Ůһչ󷽼趯ʱʱŮߺһΪ֮һĿͷףо档
裬Ǻεȵӱͬ¥˷ЩϵرǾǾŮӵɤչ֣ɲʱ䣬˺ëֱֹ
һ裬紺СˮžŮӵڽʸߣ󷽵һٰʮ˽񣬾ϽˮˣĵĿѣԣֶˡ
赽룬ĳֻнûгˣɾ˸оˬ۾ף֪ϢһʱȻ̨ң֪ʱ˴ģһ죬һֱһ׵ͷųǽһ
ȵزڳ˭ͷһذ˿Ѿû˷̺ͱģǷ׷׾̾յĽĿҲ˺ۣ𺳣ʧȴҡ
һգԽﻹſӣһȴȴȻδҲһЩ׽룬Ŀ࣬ĭӰһء
һĿɽˮ
ֱŮ³ԣ˻ʱһηѣԼΪڳԾǱΣæʰҲһЩ᲻ýĿ뿪̨ϣɼǾŮӹ̨󣬾Ȼû¶棬ٸź͸
֮ĸǫ̈̄һ죬˶ʱ͸оඥͨ泩
˵ΪֶڻҪӵαƲÿҲôڣ˭Ҫǻ˵һƨò˼һʸֹˣߵĹҲҪ֮Աӡ
ȻãǹܷԱ⣬˭˵˵ף⻰Ҫڣù͢ʦƤɡ
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˴˵ǼԷԪɣŮǸղų̲һλɫˡ
ŶѹҿЩɫϼһ۾ֱˣǺǣԭ˰
ɽˮѧʵҲѶţʶʦͨҲδʮ˰٣ʮֻ̨ͬ죬һ죬ʵ˶Ŀһ£
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ڳ˶ףһʦͽܣһʱҲп֣֮ҪѰĬ֮ˣʵ°̨ʮλ̨ͬЧ˿ë᲻ء
Ծ̸֮඼ʦһ飬ͽѧһ飬ˣҲˣʦҲ⡣
εˮѧǰЩնˣһζһڽڣһһӵĸߣʱ伱٣Ūٰɽ
һˣٹٻǻζȻٲ֪ν˼ĹٸҲ˼棬װ飬ȴڰʲӵѧզŪһ¸أӸоǲ˼ء
ϲǣĿ㣬ֻչ˶ˣչ˲˰
ĽĿ˴۽ˣ඼δţδرһЩСƷϳְֺҲһЩĿϳϲģʲô磬ҲȫŮˣ˲ӣݵҲҸ嵨ΪΪ󳼣Ϊ˼ͥԹ竣һͬİˡ
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ֱʱˮѧĽĿİ˴ϳУˡ
Ҳֱһ̣û˵лȻĿ˵ϲɷϵǣڹִ󳼣ҲһЩĿ򶯡
ٹ֮ʱ˶þĿ⿴һǰΣҲвٴ󳼺̸䣬һС
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õȵ٩࣬󳼻Ժѧӣʱǰףء
εȻȻܣһɲʲôˣ׬ƨǮ
ʹַǷָ壬ٹٶˣŮ̫æʰδŮҲص˺󹬣£̫ϻȴٳٲ¶档
β֪£˼̫ϻʺ̫һȥء
Ϊ˲뵱٣˵һ仰¡ͻȻЦ
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¡ȫҡͷһ̾˴󣬹⿿һԺ֧ǵݣһ֮·
̫¡⻰˼ĻϲϾпͷܱûпҪðɣ


552 Ժ
һҹοƵˣΪԺݳɹĻã֮ǱŮ˷ܣ˵û꣬ȫû˯˼
òװ˵˴СŶ»ûüأСѾͷͺһŽҪм˯ˡ
֮£ֻóӷǸһЦ˭֪ӷҲǸһЦͬľٶʱһɨźůģȻ׷¶Ц˯¡
ڶһ磬ξʹǱŮص˹ݣһӾˮ
˴λʹݣЩŮӶ⣬ȻǶǺƤǿӲҪĸǵˮѧѧϰ֤ɹʱ򣬻һͷͨĲ¶棬ֻҪǮһǡ
ȻջǺ죬ȴǺ棬ͦأһȺװͳһƮƮ٣šͭģõŮӾ·ֱ֮˶ޱȵһߣҵ
ѽⶫƯ㿴ʲʺҰ
ʺϣӦʺңÿԡ
ǣǱкóԵģɱȥ
ףĳвȥ
ӣСĵˡ
һȺŮӣνǳ羰߰¼ʶĳˣ˴뱲Ҳûȳ棬Щˣһ۾ֱˣ˭һ˻ݣȺ
ŮӰô࣬ǵķζһģһõѵģĪǶǹŮʦ
𲻶װǰɣЩˮѧԺŮѧӣҹڻʹݣٹٵޣҼҴҲĿˣ˷ܵ˵һҹҼҷ˺С㶼˯ˣҪһء
ݣʲôĿȻºٹٱݣһʶҵȺ氡
ҲǲҪǮıݣ˵⻹ǵһ֣ǻҪķأϣǳҲݺ氡
Ͽǳд˵ļͣϢһͨʱҪչһСǰ
չ˸ƨһָҼҴչһء
Щ·˵ĻǴȫˣ£ⲻѶӣҪĿһԺŮӵķɣҲвŮӺ˼Ѿߺ˵Ȱסܵϣʹ˾
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ЩǣĿô˾Ȼ鲻ⶫʮһʼаö֮ȻͻζرԺ̨Ҫѡãʮа˾űһԴ׵ĺ
ϣǱһɣ
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ǣ磡
ЩŮһڣǽһ룬ʱ·˵Ŀ⣬ƤٺҲܲסȳ档
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ŮѧһߣЩȷ٣ҲЩ˭˭ˣǵ÷ԪϽһЩȵѧЩƤѾͷץ
δڳһʱ䣬Ůѧȫ룬δһӣٴ˵Цͷ
ˮʮأһҹɵֻһһҹһγݣõؽ죬̫ϻʺһҳӺݵִ
˴ٶȼ죬ԽٶԽ죬⣬οûͷˣֱһԺѧӡ
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εִܴ˴Ʒһ㶨ʮַ㡣
磬βŴһȺӾصѧ÷ԪչϢ󣬱һûӰˡ
βŮԴӺͷԪС󣬲֪ΪΣıܿӼֱ˼ҽء
Ժ󣬷Ԫ̸˽½̸ˣδһȴֲġ
˾رˣλرˣ㿿о㷳㲻͸о
ʴˣڰ˼˽ѧ֮ϣϣҵѧȫ磬Ϊ˱µҲЩ˼
ԺѾ˹һ־㹻СһѧϰˣҪæµķ򣬴ԺתũԺ
ũԺҲѧزٵһѧƣŴ˶Դ˸оûʲôΪһִˣ֪еѧʡ
ũԺȷҵ֮ԱǣﻹҪ̣һ̻ǺüꣿѧѻҪ˺üʮɵӲȥء
ȷɵӲŻũԺѧӣֻȶʮˣҶһɫѧӣʦҲֻһڰδѹӢׯ԰Ľʦ
ʦǰȻ԰һЩ̼ݲݣũҳոС͸ɵϤޱȰ
ǴּڣũԺѾһأ׼ˡ
ˣҪѾˣϵرУֻǲ֪Щʲôʦʵ
ο϶ʮӣװ˵ȣͷһЦطָÿһأкƣڼŵƤҪϸŪˡ
²ѣ˴˾ΪΰҲҪѧǵ㿴ũԺѧһʼУҿԽѧϰֻݣѾûʲôԽǵˡ
ݸһЦȥҽԺѧһ°ٲݾ𡣡
ˣǱϾũԺİܲԺֱ˰ɡ
ǺǣũԺѧҵһһϦ֮£Ҳ׼һˣ׫д¼ˮѧδũԺѧһݲϡ
˵ѣʵޱȰ˴󣬻ʤһһںϰԶҪдɲһһϦ밡
εȻף鲻ܲȻҪѧҪӴϣֻһ㿪ʼռ
ɣд˵˵ӵ룬ҪһƷֵĵֲ󣬸ʺˮ򣬵Ƿһܳٽ

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ӢһӣʮӢƹɪɪӢһ仰ʱ岻ǲˣҡҡ׹ˡ
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ӢҪ׬͢Ǯڳ͢ģɲֶӵıŮӳԶӣԼ˸ˡ
͢˰԰գյԱ£ı¾жߵ룬˸͢ǮȻͶˣ͢Ǯʲôģ·־ȼãǣҲǣû˰ѳ͢ǮŪյҲùԲֹǶǽҪǽܷŹҪ𳹵ףʲôûУȵðӵػˣˣʸߡ
ιùõĻֻһ£½Ԫ˵
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⻰½ԪЩˣΪ֪˵ݣû뵽ȻԼŮǮҲ׬⡭ѾĿ˰
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½Ԫְҵ˲˲ֹһǰ㡣
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·һأҧһ֮£½ԪѾֲˣЩ봦Ҳܺãιһڣ³ڣҶ׬ڣ½ԪõͷˣΪѾվһ᲻ɴݵĸɽ
ǮƾǲֻͬҪָ֮ǵɽҲ̤ƽˣѩһδİ㽫ӺǷϵľøͬԥҲǳ
ȻǺ󻰣ʱҲûвκ̫ˣΪյһţޱȿգȴ޿κεš
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ָһ㣬ҡͷһЦ粴ڣͷһյš
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˵һλ˰ıߣƴӰ
ԿЦһǲ֪Ҵ˰ֻԵģģڴǰɷ򶼿ӣݰ


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˲䣬Ŀһɣżȵ͵ҵļ顣
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߾˴˵ɶãƫƫëЩܲˣ̫ϲ˳ˣ粺˵ʱԱһԵ͵Լļ飬Լ׿£ϸ๫ļʱһͺˡ
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۳ǿľ͢ϱȽϸɾиܣֻ޷Ԥ⣬˻Լץ㣬ҩ
νüСѲ˼ԼҾǿ𣬴ȥ
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ǿ϶Ҫ򣬵ҳǰһҪԼû·
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»ЩѣӱԴӵ֪̫ϻһŮλʱ㲽̬Ϊ˹¼ҹˣҲ˲ѶԸκˣҵȻ֡
ӱ㾡ȴԼƵһ֮أԽԽңĶ룬ǻ¹ٵ˿ܺУܲ𡣡
߾˵⣬Ҳ̻ص˵ڶΪӣɰһ̾ŵסӰ֮ơ
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һ˰ˣ˻ٶб仯ˣյҲˣǰӢ˲ŮԪ˧Ҳˣ󡭡ҡ
߾ûΣͲҲ褴ɱʣҲͲô죬˵ļƲιϵ󣬵ȱ߾˿̿»ĴΣѰ󱨳أųıء
డ
߾ոһ̾һԵҲ֪ʲôȻҲһ̾
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ס룬Ȼ̷е֪·⣬˵ˣ߽ȥٳ
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Ҳ֪סຣЩ岿䣬ǻͦʵģӺݽ鲻ʱǵ˵ӺݷëƤ޹ҩģڵƺֹۣҪΪެЩ̰͵ԭʹЩ̰ʹҰĲСƺҪΪڶ޸ɲһͳެ
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ȻܵģȫرĴڣһ嵽ͬѾˣѺ˱ǵˣѧǵϰ׹ӣֱǳ˵Ρ
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Ҫ˵ɹŸҹأĿǰȻˣؾ򣬹ǻǹǧ֮ڣֻҪվڹؿųһţǧǹ뷢ʲôɹȫɸˡ
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˼أһ·У˵صķ羰ԽԽãòһֲ
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Ҳɵˣʲô°ղŻװͷĹӸ磬תۼͱɱˣԼǱߵʮֵܣڼƨһ촦Ĳ
ãӲˣ
ȻľҲѪԣŭһ󣬱ŴïƺҪնСӣȥΧǹӸ硣
ïĿһ䣬ּذĥƵתͣδȸӿʲôԲذͻȻļֻƺߣͻȻԵڵء
Ҳ˲Ͽˣŭһ߾䵶ͳïԴ
ïһųѥһĨȥʱٴһֱӺ䵶Ӳһǡ
ײʱⱬֻоֱһ𣬻һۣ㿴ïһ֣ĶƤһ

ӲҽһŶˣĹѪӶƤƺӶˡ
Ҷ
ӴһȻҲƣ䵶ï
˿ïѾΪ䵶ĳïҲţһ˱ǸˣǿתһȦûһλӣ䵶кϡ
ӡɱͬ飬ŭɶ۾ͼï
Щй
һЦξȻյվߣЦЦĿźïֵ
ôͽˣïľһ£̲סɨһۣȻ
轣ȻǱѰرڲϤ˶ѣðȻȱ첲Ⱦֱûˣɱй϶ˣǽһɰ
ïȻ֪ѧ轣ΪֻСɣϾү˰뱲Ӳӵ츳ߣӦò˶̵ʱڻͨŶԡ
ӳĲҾ֤˶ǰ轣ˣ
ʮ󺺣νʱǰ󲻹ӣȻȫɥˣȻմ󣬻һӣϾĸ֣Ǵ轣ˣҪɱʮֻõҿ񿳵ļһȻѴ֮ѧ˶ðȻʵˡ
˵ïˣЩ⣬轣֣ԽԽӦ֣ǰоıŤЩ޷׽ĽӰ켣˿Ҳɣȡ֮ͬһָ֣Ĵġ
֪ںʱͱһϼһĥʮĽǣڴȶ£ֱڴʦ͵͵ĥһ٣ڼϺڴʦóѹ׵ҩ࣬εĽǽˡ
ïһҧȻһӳΧҼѵѥӣȻһŪİذף˫ָһѣһżһѣͻҧһѡ
ïЦľٶЩ㵣֪ï츳ָֺҲû뵽һﾹȻá
ֻïһţٴȺûһĹҽ
˿ɫѺˣǹãڸǣԶĵطԿ壬ʴˣζïˣƬ̺󣬲ŷһѪܵ߳ЩѾȫڵˡ
˵ˣ𾪵ŴͣŵĿκï
ïεĻûɶδְλʴ˷Ҳ⣬΢ԾˣǴδЩ˰ɣʮղŻһ˶תۼͱһ⣬
ʵ÷ԾĲκï֣κïɱ˺󣬻̸Цľٶʵĺ
ϰˣͬʱҲףЩ˺ܲϰߣоˣһһɶӣ
ξ㵵ĿŷĿʣ࣬㲻𣿡
£ͷ
㻹۶գĿšκ
ǶǻˣˣҾͲˣܸأллɱ˻ˡ
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ŶĺӰ˾Ȼûų²ɵģƺĵͿЩѪӰɡ
˹Ȼ뺷
뵽ŴˣŮҲǹ޵ðɱʱЦЩ˻ǻˣǾˣ
ãֻҪξͺáЦ
ܲҲ̽ңͻȻ۷ŹĿΡ
⡭
δ㶼䣬һԵķˣϽѧҪĶѧ
ﷶүүѧǰһֱ۸ѧɱˡ
ԣӺüͷ尡ѾͷƺԾȻһֱֵĿģοˣ˿ڷЩƺΪްҪǽպ᲻һСħŮ
ѧаպ㵽ѧ˽㣬ֻҪ츳һܳ
ֻӦһ£ȴû뵽Ϊ⻰ʮȻûħŮ֣ȴһŮ٣͸󣬲ЦĿ䣬ο˶оĺڣû𣬶ҴŮҲͷǰȽϹɣ˿ˣٴ˵ϵ֪֪ǸŮһףŮ˼ֱϹķ棬ҪʱϳǵĴǣҪεĿѪѳ͢εúͰƵãΥɱ⡣


561 
ڶһ磬εѾ뿪ŵĵط˿ڷӵ˵ʬ壬Ȼʰֱ䱩ʬҰɰѵڶ·̷˵Ϊ˿ڷˣŵԼӻؼأݳǱݳǴС㳲û취еˣЩҲĴ٣̷Ʒֱܣһ㲻׷ָ´μء
һΣһҹ֮˶ʮˣһݳûԶ˿Ͽ˶һ
ؽ磬бµĶԾˣûµĻóԺú֮ˣʮа˾ΪȻףʵЩ󲿷һȺҫ󵨷࣬ͷĿһЩֲųǰͷЩ¹Ҳϵ˿ڶǺģ£˿ڷЩϵ˿ڣǽһ룬ƺΪ˺ÿװȥģ治ѡ
ҪҪ֪ˣһĲ쿴ϲ
ϲҡҡͷ֪ʱ䴦С£ҲõģЩ˶˿ڷӣҲϵݣʵǲ㻹ûʱͱǶˣһֱ֤ݣȴ벻ûǳ֣Ǿߵˣ
ǰ϶ǵ˸Ż겶ͷ
ϲɨһۣЦѧѧ㻹ߣΪ˷ʱ䣬ھͲ˰ɣ̽
ϲ˵꣬һ겶ͷ߹͵˿Ϸֱ棬˿ڷӾ֣֮ˣһʹذףһӦý⽣ʮַҺܱܿӦһ
ˣ겶Դ󾪣ŵļôܣ˾жʮ󺺡
һʮʲôɣռһμϽŹ⣬ֻһ˴֮У󻹲Ǻö˶˵Ļˣһŵн׼ֶԣ˶෴ٸãң壬ͬһˮˮУҪ˵Ͻһ仰зǵУǾһоѾ
ϲ⻰ãǲŵ˵޵ˣﰡ
ǺǣʵⲢ޵У˵оӣо֪˭ҲüСӦţǷԣϻ´ʱ䣬㹻Ͻɱһˡ
ãǽŽɵʰʬ塣
죬εǹֵֹģȻڴ˺ͰףǺѺ֮ǰǸɱ˲գ۵Ĵϵһƺһҹΰ㡣
Ƿ࣬ʱʱ͸δţҲ֪ѧһ£Ȼ˵ȻȥˮѧԺѧϰѾȭʱҲһѧǲԸκοСֻܰ̾Ӧ¡
õүүͬ⣬˷ܼˣһŵĿջ͸үүϴš
ţŹأŹҲԶˣŻ㲻ǳǣǽûУҲû٣ɵҲֻһ·ĵ̣Ҳһࡣ
ε˵ѾΪ˿ڷ£ŪıȽϵ͵һ㣬ѾһװҴֲͨȻû赲Ҳɶ
ïһС˴磬һ˺۵Ĵ͵롣
һ죬ζ޹ĻصջûĻ⣬Ҳʯڵصһ֪ҲȫûϣǰƿӵʯͲõ֤ݡ
ֻǷϲʯ͵С̣ȻҲǿھˡ
ҲֻϱӿصĵӰλװҲֻпĴˡ
ֹ죬Ǻ޽չοʼЩˣȥҲǰ취ؽѰңһоУϸһͷˡ
ʲôط̷ƼϢ·ȥôͣҲҪɻƽˣƲںȱǮ
ÿصջ棬һüģ˵ְæˡ
ŵĵ죬ڿջȴǻ࣬һ󣬱㾪ϲ˵үү֪Ǻˡ
Ŷ˻棿Դϲץסֱʵ
תһ룬ֿЦ˵ŲŲģϢĪ콵ɣ
ǵģģҿˡҡͷ
һ⻰ͻȻһʲô
ͷһǴҲˣ͵˵֪Ķˡ
ʲôԴ󾪣Ϳࡣ
˺죬ΪȻپ£Сںڵģ粻Ҫϲ٣˿ҲĺֻҪȥˮ׼үүݽŵģǵС˵ûˮˣҪˮ˻һ͸оְ
֣ʲôֵģ󣬸оʲô֡
Ҳһ⡣
ȴһЦҿԺпھȴҪȥˮⲻҾ͵˾ͷһģʲôӵһʯͷȥͱˡ
˵գóһźʯͷݸΡ
νӹһ˷ܵһĶˡ
⼸ⱼĴǵòϢȻջһ;
˵Ҳ֣ͨ˼ңرطˣд򾮵ϰߣΪľҪܼˮʱ˹ǼΪİ˵ֲȷٵĵطˮԴڸʮľΪ߼·˿ɲ
ջͬΪ˷ЧʣȻûǮ򾮣û뵽˺ü죬ڵڵ壬֮£Ҳֻаˡ
Ȼʯͽݹʯͷλ̲סȥԺһֹۣһھһľ嵲ţľѾƾɣ¶ȭͷĿӣղʹʯͷŪȥİɡ
βɸ̾СѾͷͦ飬ûǲ֪Ҫæء
Ӻһɾʯͷ¹žץסĩʯͷûľƿξѾȷˣϾʯͷϣѾһ
̤Ьٴȫѹ࣬һδҪ㣬˵ɣҪʲôθ֮࣬û롣
࿩һЦүүңֶã㹻ˣϰ䣬ûʲôҪġ
󣬲ɸ̾ѾĿ˵ߺ͹Ȼ°ʮˣ
ӣӦô죿ïʵ
£ҲѰ˼һ˦ۣˡ
򣿡
ïͷһʱûʲô˼ûãξȻֱӵ˿ջƹǰһӣţƺĵֵǮҪˣ
һïͷŻȻͬʱҲЦҡͷ
ƹһʵһƺûļһ䣬λǾ仰ƹӻع
ڶ죬һҿջƹӺͻƣѴһأʮͻأȫ뿪ˣһһϲ̣˷쳣СŶ϶УһĻٽַĪ
ҲûãǲףƹӵĿջȻȥˣ˼۸˶𾪲Ѱ֪ԩͷȻʮļ۸һƿջ
Ҫ֪طʮǣջɣڷ絲ЧҪ˵̣ÿ겻޲һ£µڶˣ￪ջ⣬ڽͷβ۸Ͳ˵һȫµģα˸ߵļһƿջأ


562 ﱸ
죬ҿջԻ»ֱȡĳơš
һʼſջ˻ԣЩ˺֮£ͲһΣһŵĴ
˵ѽַѯʣȻ֪Ķ󲻿԰һˮզΣʮһͷʲôһˣֻҪƨһΣǾҪķѣһţҪͳһӣԻͷѡ
ϢһַǾޱȰЩǸɵСӱˣȻҲӲ磬ſջƹˡ
ʵ֤ſջƹƺһˣһʼĽַڣ̷ڣٵ⸽ŹڣȻĬһ£뿪ˡ
˵ַǳˣҪﲻ˿ĵ꣬ǳ͢ĳλ󳼵ݣԭƹӣһǮòɣʮ۸ȻǼٵˣ
ˣٶʵѽַŻˣ˵Ҫ͵Ϊλһڹ̨ԣʵ
װģĴ̣֮ǰ̷ӣͷҲ̧Ц֪ˡ
β˵ҲüʣҲò˼죬ڿŵĵ죬ǽ֪ˣرȥһȻȻ֪Ҳ֪˭Ϣ
ЩϢ޷ǶǺſջģ֣ȴû˻ٵĶֻǺڵꡣ
һŸûջˣµĿŵſջ̣ٹһʱ䣬̶ˣƺϢˡ
֪һЩۣǰ˵ſջΪܴðδ̫ˣĵ֪ɶ˼Һһ㹻ʮ׬ˣһֻҪˣܴȥЩû𣬼ÿ춼и˵棬Ǻӣ¶һ˰ɣ
ٸҲܹܣ
ܣôܣû̫үƨƨߵЦ߳ʮа˾Ű֪ݣǾӵݰ
ſջǲסˣҵ޹أֻǿЩ׵˰ǧΪ˼Ǯ𣬽أȫҵˣ
˼ۣȥԲԣסס£ǲҪΪϢȥʮа˾Żҵ©Ϣûأ
ѾòǴϢˣſջϢѾ̵ʱתˣ໹ûŵˣ֪һҺڵˣ·ſջˣľսģһСģһȺ˳ץȥأ
νҥԲ£⻹ÿһ£ſջһ̶ˮƺ˶֪ˣҲˣֻûˡ
³ſջͻȻһϢΪתã˼壬ҶףǲΪʲô۸أƺߵˡ
һɵӲ򰡣
ǿһſջתãȤȻʱˡ
ȻʯͣȻҪȺ򿴽ˣïѾɻȥˣ߰Ҳ쵽ˡ
λǹˣֱï뿪ĵʮ죬Ŵϰٺ˸ϵ˵أΪ׵ľ
ʱΰȥˣʴ˺·棬˵Ѿˣ͵λȥ飬£ר̹ˡ
֣ȻʽοɲָϢ¶ȥȴһͷһ¡
֪ؽʮ˷ܣӦÿ˵ڿλ˺һֱ˷ܵڣһֱʮ죬Ҳټ˷ܵľͷŸոˣⲻ˵ˣ˵ǴҪ
֪ش룬ƨƨߵſջʱǴʧɫΪ˶࣬Ϊ̫󲢷Ǹߴ󣬶ǹٴ
֪Ÿص֪һãһǾཫ죬˿Ƕλհ
֪شСģλ˾ǣĩˣȴѰ˼ĪҪ˰ɣһ˷ܸƨӦóǰ
û֪⣬̲򣬵ҪĽš
һ⻰֪ޱȰĽ˵ɣɸĽһسǣȻŲ󣬵Ҫѵʽ޷ġ
һѾ˵ˣǵ˼ǣɨЩԱһ۵Ȼ
ʸҪｨʲô԰ɡ
εͷ֪ʵеƫǲɣ·Ѽߣƽʱǳ͢ģʸҪµòİ֧Ű
֪˼ףѹեŵİգ˵·ʵѲԶȲϽţǿǼ·߾ˣ·ͳˣҲ˵ѲʵҪĻѶǨư顣
Ѿˣ·ʵЩˣʴ±һ·ֱͨݣͨػͣλ˿ɳһۡ
˵գȻϣرҪվߣƺһ㣬סٵĻᡣ
ⲻ֪οû쵼Դ˻Ȼ⣬ֻһζĸθĵͨδ
ϸĹ۲ɳϵ·ߣһľޱȣ·ȷܼ·̣·ޣˮԴͦġ
ҪӴ²һžʤεġ֪˼
ţҲŻǶεͷ
βȱȻͷԴӹù裬ԹùõӺݸ̣·ҪʱѣΨһѵľǰЩ˿ϲˣ
ЩˣǰЩȻ˸ӴŵĹϵҪ֪⳯͢ϴŮһеĽʿɲǸռҵģСӺСʱ߲ɣʹݸˡ
ڶػ˧ӽȻμҲΪźۣҪˮȥѺ赽ҲͲᱻ¡ΪУξǺСԺ໥Ϸ
Ƕػͺ·˹ݵɹŴʱǵľٶžڹݺм䣬ӽǸ𾪡
ֻţһ¶ԷԼţ׼һЩ⣬ȻҲ˹ʺȰ˵ȥ˼СɹΪڣֱӿˡ
ͻȥ˵ᾡ뿪ɹ˿ġ
ʽǲÿǣһ㶨Ҫǰæˣ˾úãұ֤Ǹ٣ãҲ޷ǾɹŴˣʱϣλԮˣ
ʸģĩ˶ɢȥʱ̼ɹŴһһһ챧ȭ
εͷĿ⿴֪֪ôλǻʸԼⱲҲˣΪʲôǿѹͷߣʵӺĵͷǣҰ֪Ӷ㲻ϡ
ʸģ¹ٶЭʸƽ·ֻ¹ٵڻеɻ󣬲֪ʸܷ֪Ҫʲô

ĪԺһģ֪˵ʸĴԺǿɰµ̷ĽۺڣǻʸҲŪһԺݵľã֮ǲͬȻԶԶȲݣǰڸأڱ߽ɹŴһԣһҲۺˣզ죿
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563 
·Ǩǽ񣬶Ƕʱɵģ꣬꣬ʮ֮á
βĿǰҲҪ̫ʯͣݴСԱһ
ǻʸҪ޶ޣһһڣҪ˲ˡ
֪ҲһףʸĿǰĲǴԺһֲ֪ĺܸͣʲôʸ˵֪֪
Ǩһ£ʸȻҵȴ빤Ǯס˻ѿԷ֧赣ʲôˡ֪Ц
ţд⣬ϣٶȿ㡣
Լĵǣ̫ڵõʯͣǵɹɱΪ֪˲ķƬֵĴأ۳ɹһս
ʣµҲͼ򵥶ˣݵؽĸС򣬶ѡһ׳ʽĿǰ֧õعԱһ
۳ǿһһģ˰ղߣݿǽͰ͵ģʵòǮЩкκǰ롣
λˣνջһ£ïչʵˣԺ׼Ĳˣɡ
š
εͷͬïһԺ˿̵ĺԺѾͭ¯ʯѣģٹ˶ôŪԺ֮
νһ˲䣬һֻصϱӰʮĸоʱСԼԼǵһЩҲɡ
ߵһصĴǰȫģеڴȴܲ͸磬ֻһͨںһˮڡ
˽ǰˣķԸѾʯ͵ͰˣȻЩҺ壬ȾǴҪİɡ
˵գһСùһСƿݸΡ
ϲĽӹǴһᣬڵָĦƬ̣̲סЦţҪþⶫ
֪Ϊ˺ʵ
вͣҲͣҲϾǹصģԺĽͿҪ࣬ǽ٣ûУȻһ֣ǶдôЩҪ취֣ˣʱĻҲ͵ЩҲҪգ֮ܶҪһ㳢ԣʹù˷ˡ
˷ģҵֱȡһԣȡࡣͷ
ţʯܶණȻмزϸֻҪÿ쳢ԣϸĹ۲죬ֹʵƷϸ뵵Уһϴó
ҲǸһˣѾôһδˣҲٽӴ֪ⷽʶֳɣȻǵжԵĹϵ໥ЭĹϵһ߳һ߳ԡ
֪Լʲôɫоʯ͵ȡʵЩ˻϶ڴͷ𲽣ҲǺܴԴҲûȤʴ˾ֱ˦ƹȫȨ˷ʦ
֪ϲǴͷȫǣԴҲûʲôʮ˷ܣҲ˵˴˶Ǻܷģġ
죬ſջҵĽַЩܲˣջﲻ֪զأôŪЩܲ˺ֱӸ浽ٸˣ˼̫үҪ֣͵ųɱɡ
ζԴҲЩǸ⣬һݣֱӰѸĵ̺ȫˣҲøṩסϰٺȫһССĿջ
ջµѾƣĳԺ⸽ҲԽԽ٣ƺ֪ԺѰ֮أͲҹϹˡ
ŵĸĵ·ѾʼˣչֻҪһֱȥһһׯṩ
Ҫ¸·κ˵˿֮·ǧ꣬߹ŵϾߣɽɽܲǻɳĮǸ̲һСľͻ·ʴˣŵƣʤڰȫ
۳Ԫ꣬³
ҲһˣҲ׼ȥҪִ֣ͲܻȥˣȻʹˣҲǸող꣬ʮæλеۣǲˣΪʱʯ͸ˣ˵ʯĲͣЧô찡ֻһηŵɲϣûһţͿĨϣȲ͵Ч̫࣬ú˴뱲ӽķϲ⣬Ҫоһ»ʲôЧá
үүģѰ˼صѧϰ󣬾Ϊˡ
֪СѾͷ˼ҲΨʹ˻ȥϾûˮãǳʱ򣬶ѧѧϰܶ࣬ΪѾͷֻûӻ֣ȥɡ
Ҳ£Ȼκ;ӴкǷųڷֹɹŹС»Լɲ̫ƽҲġ
ʱˣȥʱҲˣֻе˱С
һ·УεݳʱͿſվһΪ׵һһŮսףݵġ
ߺȣⲻСӺС𡣡ǶŮֵ
ټ򡣡
򡣡
ٺ￴κϲǰ
Щ겻ëͷӺѾͷƬӵˣһӢͦΣһӢˬθ̾ʱ湻찡
Ҳ֪ͨСܵһ£ҪСܵȥ㡣
ǰŪ⼸춼ǲȻýˣһɹ˷֣ǺðһνһҪǻؼң׷Ҳɡ
ٺһ䣬һ룬Ūζ˼ˣǲǵģȻ˼ҶӭˣҲֻŽǣָոȥ
ֻӽ˶ػͣŹصؾռҾʹӶػͰᵽݣһء
صؽԽܣճ̵ĸĺռҽֻĺ佫
˵ĺŴ˸ξϽˣ֪ˣռҽܿУ˵ĺھӪУأӺʱ̶ɽ⡣
ʵ˵ĺռҲˣ⣬κһ󳼣ȫ֪Ӵ
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Ҳˣ̩鶼ѾˣҲٴҲЩս˴룬ֻбûнţܰƽġ
˵꣬ոˣһ۱Ƽλĸ


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566 ԩ·խ
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һ·УݵݣڴӸݵຣǣδתǰຣǣƺˡ
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һУ˲ˣЩ˴ǰԲĺӣȴҲпһλŮӣҪСŮˣŮޱȣĹǣʱ̹ŵЦ˿ҲΪЦŮƺΪ⣬֮ӻҪţ˵̻¶磬µĳ̶ƺҲֻһˣߵ¶ϰļһצ˵׶ޱȣһצҪץ·ʴ·֮Ҳ¶һƬѩף½󿰿ס˴ӣ죬ƺֻҪһһ̻һĶ˲ϵ̿ˮȴһаǷ֮롣
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һֱû˵ŮԣſڵǸɵĶǵѪзգҲûԣȻһβɴ㣬ǰһҪƴǣðͬЦ찡
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Ȼòϣ󵱼ҺƯŮҰζʮ㣬˵ĺ㣬Ȼ֮ˣ˵ˣҲɧˣҪ˵ɧΪʲôϷ˶أҪ˵ɧѾĴ˭أ
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ӵҪһʱ䣬˿СӦ۳ҲĴսӵһֱǹӦһھʮ򷢣ĺΪѡ
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568 ͢ķ
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ǺԹһǱɽ˵صİũһߣǿƷ˵ĸ̾޼֣һຣСԱһ֧ìͷָεĿذ
ǽ͢ŵжģŮ⣬ܵʴˣȻˡ
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572 
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׷ĺʲôû˱ԬСĸˣʱŭͷ򵨱ǰһԾ˻ڰգձתӣֻšͨһһﾹȻ˫ϥŵأʮڵأïధүùСİɡ

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ʵһǼͬģϾҪ˺ܿ۳ʸʸ۳ĵλǻʸ򵥣Ժѧ飬֤˴˵Ĵǣɹ˸ɴӣȻɱǻ׽֤˵Ҫԡ
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οóҪһûӳɻ飬ĵ׵ķУҲ룬ϽγֻϽãۣ򻻳ǵ竣ָˮСԺﱻأΪӶգ´ңɹ۵촦³
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һߵһӾ棬ĿȴûпСӣǶŴϵı廨Фǰɡ
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˵⣬ݸ꿴üͷ΢壬ʱԼû˵صˣֵǰ֪ΣҲû̷ϵǳձ̶ӣȴɹžҵȲ֣һΣò׵ȵ˳һ·׷ôţ
ҪҲ£ЦЦĿꡣ
ŻعɲǺֵܴţưҪĿʰ
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ŶûУûСݸղŻһˣ⻰˲ͱɹ͹ƵģҡβЦš
ʱжԶ
ɣԣӦɡ
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ǰǵضΣӦþʮңƺ˲٣ʴСҲֲˡ
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ʱȻֻ˵׷̶ʱҲȷһЩǰƲͬŨ̹ģҵȻΪأҲΪûз׷̶ӣĳû٣˭룬
бҪȥ̽һˣ
һ䣬ͻȻïȭӣСȥɣ
㣡
һ㶣ҡͷȻһ˻̫ðգȻˮ취ɡ
ïӦһǣվԭλ
ԬСͻȻ̲סһҲжΣգӲܻ𣬺ολСأ
ïһۣŵԬС첻ˣεµʵҪȥ
ң
ԬСıָԼκֽűֻŲһ£Ŀ⻹ϣȷңҡΪʲôҪ㰡
ңҾͻ㣬Ҫܴ̽ܵ鱨Ķٵͽ𣬵ȻͽԹһӺԺˣ
ġԬСĵһ˷ܵ
һԿһޣ䲻Ǿӣҵݣõƭһ𡣡
ԬСƬ̣ɿһ۴ϱŵФʣФʳ˵ͷźٺһЦǺãҪӺȥ


576 ǲܵ
ңҿɲȥǹطˡԣҡͷ
ʲôֻҪҴ·ɣҿûȥһ߶զ졣ԬСȰ˵
ҿ˰ɣǵط治ȥɻؾ
ɫһͻȻӿڵ·ܺȺ
ԬСģˣ
ŶԬСĵ̽ͻʸÿٻƽزˣҲ
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˵㲻˶٣رڸ˶ԣ˿ǿľǸˣȻںЩˣǿģǮʮа˾Ŷǿͷˣ䵽СආģѣǹǵѪӣ첻ǾŮˣ⼸öðҲÿʱ͵͵һֵǮСպ͵͵ȥƵء
ֻǴ·ܵõԬСĳɹˣǷʮ㹻ԼһõطŪĶС檣ˡ
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Ӵϲ˵ʲôʱͻȻһһ
ӣҲȥһԬСĵõӵίУïٴͦ
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С䲻˵ԴʮþȣҪסǾûġïɫ˵
٣λСİкβ鲻ĵطԬСĵïƨ
У
εͷïϲͻȻԬСĺӵǷ˿ܣӦΣնʾڡ
һ⻰ԬСĺӶǻһҪһιˡ
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лˣСĶĹ£ˣԬСĺǾϲӵǡ
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һԬСĺӸӾϲζû뵽ܺ͵ʸƽʱϵǱֵĺãպγûǮŪλðˣ
˷ܵӣεЦһֵ˴ι֮Уֻм֪Ϣ¶ȥλұؽǿկз˿ͷ죡ͬģһһңҴǾ
ԬСĺӶޱȣʸ¾ȻãһǸˡ
Ŀ⾹ȻФϣΪҲһûɶˣԬСĺҪïȥܵģ˵ȥïΣգͬСԬС֪ïṦ˵ãֻҪΧҪ߲£ϾԬСԼҲƾһ£˲֪ٴΣС粻ٰ֪
ФʿЦһҲһͬȥɣҪһ
Ҳȥ
üһЦʵȥкã
ФҡҡͷȻ޸֮˭˵ҪܾһùòУҪ֪Բ飬ѾΪͰȻ׿ڣ
ţȻģпɼһҲҺˣСۣ۵òõõܵ鱨ҶԺɹһսˣǴǹݹҲǵ֮ͬˣ
ʸ¿ǴСģҲɣ㣬Ҹҿ϶ĵҵĺӾȥΪˣֻһĻû˻ȥʧԼǰ̣ФʵЦ
˼һӺǡζһЦ
Ǵ⣬ǻʸѱ¶ⰵﲻ֪˫۾أһһǵļУȻЩɲһɹˣ
ȻףɹˣެҲ˶Լ˼Բ˵ˣ۳͢ȷϳʱעĶ򣬵Щ˶ŴﵹǺ·棬ƺҲΪЩС¶
αïФʺԬСɰֶһЩ飬׼뿪
γʱͻȻФʵʻʸҪδǴ󵱼Һң
ζԴǣλͷʵ
ȻϣʸܷŹǣϾҲǴˣ󵱼Ȼɱ˲ˣЩ˶Ƕв֮ģʱҲûɱʲôˣʮа˾ŶŹˡ
ŶɽկϱĶģ
ҲֵΨһͷ·󵱼ҲϣֵȥǮҤӣʵֵĺϱӣֵܶϲƽӣʼͷ棬ϱȥˡ
ţҲӻͷҵıҪϾɱ˵ģ
ң
һ⻰ФһԬСĺҪ˵ɱˣһе˭ɾˣֻҪߵġ
˵ϱ
û˵ţֵȻܿԸƺڹ񫣬޷԰Σӡ
⡭
ԬСĵһЦõı飬һԽ͵ιҵϱϵԾģǱҺͼֵܸŵϣ֪ҽʱͻˣΪ۸ϱһͨҴƳ䣬ûãͿˣƺΪϱǱǸɱ˵ġ
ţҲֻ֪˱Ƚϱν;˵ͨһ϶ϱΪɶŪġ
ɫãŻָƽĵͷţˣжᣬǾˣǴгɹҲǴܼС
һ⻰Фƺĵͷ֪ǿаȻһɨʵЩȻɺӣΪĳ⣬볯ΪҲܻ̫ãοҲаǱץסģԼ˵õʸԴͽ𣬵ֵΣѾܲκϵˡ
ԬСĻ˵ʲôФŹФֻҡҡͷ飬ԬСƺʲôһ̾ҲͿЦĳһҾתӡ
£ﶼУǿȻҲУȻʲô飬կУֻһԸ֪Сආ쿴Ŵ󵱼ҵķء
ԬСĵ᲻ô󵱼ҺҼκ˻ʸҲǴ֮ûʸ˵ʲô
γ˿ջѾƻ裬ûе͢Ŀظֱȥγǡ
ïΪܿҪФʳˣûڸǹһγǣû˸ҡڵߵѺη⣬ãŶ롣
㻹ǱʮּϣãҲ֪һûгԺȡ
飬ҴӦˡһУα㿪˵
㱾ǵͷģˣȷκ󣬺ȻһЦĵ๫ȻͬˣΪβɰ󰡣
Ҫڽһ䣬ҿˡߵ
ūҲбˣ๫Ŷ
ΰ̾һ߹ȥһ߰ｹɰһߵֳĿǰһ֪ǱֻƾҲýͣ׼ȥһˣо͸ңԻֳӦʲô
Ӧ޸㰡װһͿЦ
аͻȻҲЦ

һˣҡͷһЦ๫ĪҪЦϷūңūҿǻᵱģʱ۵Ŀ϶ȵһʱܰ
ҡͷһЦÿ˵룬ҪļͥٺòˣⷬǰܶŮ˶ǵ˵ʵѹͲںֻܸ㶨ŲУ
ЦеʱһͿЦ˵Ԫ˧Ǻǣǲܵġ


577 ֮ʼ
ϮɳһƬɳе̵ϣͷ죬㶳
󵱼ңǲ𣿡ߵ󣬵ѯʵ
˲Զһͣ·ߣ˿һ湫ŪһСǹ񣬼𪣬ǴຣǳΡ
죬ͷҲصȥģ
֮ﲻؽկң񲻿աЦ
Ҫܴһ㣬ҾʡĶˡҡͷЦ
󺺲ԣ˵ʲôʱͻȻǱߵкһ·ˡ
һٲӣɾûˡ
㿴һֱۣ
죬̾ҲŹȥһ·
ͻȻųˣֱڶЩͷԣ󣬾ʹ󵱼ҵģӺСӶڣǻأȻоЩǣɸǵ⡣
һδ󵱼Ҿͱһ˳Ȼ԰Ѱ㺣Īڻǽߣ֪οڣһ·ϵöһ£ȡѴ󵱼ºԶ߸߷ɣ
һ·ϲš
ֻ֪ǵӵģϾߵĻˣȱһƣФʺԬСģƺûγпιΪ֮ҪʲôԼȴҲᣬĿֳֻҪܾȳȺ˿ȫˣҲеۡ
εһ·ȥݣˮҲû鷳ǻصˮʱѾȥ죬Ѯ
һˮȽ͵ѧȾͶԺѧѧԺѧ䣬÷Щ⣬ȴΪµĴӦ
ְ˽סϼӼӣ˲鵽ѧԺ
δ㿴֯շЦĳӭӣЦһȥһ£ūһΪ㲻ء
ЦЦδļ䣬תƤˣ
£δЦݣͷϣ⡣
һ·ƹ֯շ˺ԺһտأδѾ˽ƺõƤóڵϸϸϸ鿴
ò˵δյȷһȻǲһҲԺˡ
ÿƤﶼĥƲϱѾʮɣϵĵطҲʮοһЩֵĽͿĨλΪᣬƬ̲ɾʲô
˲ʶδһֵĿε
ʶθӺˡ
ǴֵǸѹӢȡ齺

һһԴߺҵǰˣǴӺδ֪ⶫģ
˽ʦūҳԺͺܶ취̫Ӳ̫أ̫©ŽʦһֽɫɱػƣƤĤʴұȥһЩԼӳԹֵȷãһʼͿĨȥ̻޹ɺܲͨȴ䣬ʹ˺ЩϣŴ׷۶ˣϳԣű֪˿ɷ⣿
δĽͣγãݸһЦͷǻۣ治С
δ˲ǺףȴҲûѯʲôֻٴ˵ƤƬ̣ͷ˵Ӧûˡ
Ȼû⣬ôܶͿ԰ˣ
Ū򶼸㶨ˣܺ¯ˣֶҲѾˣεľһˣһˣ߰ĶȫۼԺĿյϡ
δ㡢Ҧεָ£Ϊǲű߼ʵĶװһ𣬶˿ܣѾΧ˺ʦյϢǺ쳣µۿ
ҪŪʲô⣿
˵ǿơ
ƣǺǣ˵ЦÿԪѽڣϷʱƻ棬ƴСͼǧˣҪǿƣŪôҪ˷ɰһŵ
쳣ЦһҲͣȻ֪һЩȴҲȷϾֻǿãⶫʵˣҲܰһѣƲܷͣɰ
Ժļ䣬ǱߵѾ֣վֱЦˣɵһͱŪ
γƺΪɵģǿկҵĴ󺺣Ȼκ֮֮ȥ󵱼йԸһжģͷذɡ
ܸŽͷѧǹӷǴһٲɣһ䣬ƨƨߵıһܷĴľͰܹ
οһ۱صĴľͰҡͷһ̾ĵĿǰҲֻˣʲôʱоѹҺʱƶȻͣҲᣡ
գԶ֣ѴľͰǾ㵵ĿУ֪ǲͻ͵⣬¯С
ˣͿˣ㵵
Уķùָһľ
ͷѧӣһ𽫴ľ俸˹ľ俴ƺܴʮҵĺͯ߶ȣȴʵĵģ滹ִȵҶһྐྵȻһƵôҡˡ
ֱⶫˡ
ηԸ꣬ѧͿʼҡΰ֣ʱһɹɿ˳һͲһԵĹ˾޴ƤУһģƤʼͣȻٶȼ˵ĿУѾд˾
ݵģûôݣҪǴˣǵö󰡣
ƤʼʱյĸɲȡŵеƤͰУš¯բڣʱ˳һܣɲϡ
¯£οһѾ͵˼̶ȵľ޴Ƥ򣬱˺ȻĿУֱӵ˽͵ľϡ
ʱ䡱һһֱӴƤͰг𣬱ƵæѧӺʦǣ𾪵ĿƤͰڳĻ
οüͷһ壬ȻǱϱӿŵҪ˲٣¶ȲУһҲңò˵ԭһߵĴƤ򣬾ȻһҪվ
һĻɰѴٴξˣס۶գĶͷԽԽߵľ޴Ƥ
񡣡
˵ɣһ񣬶ʱƸͣȻ֧Ƥȫβɴ¯ŪһưֱƤͰﵹȥʱٴΡ䡱һ£ֱɳ죬ϷĴƤ͵壬Ȼ֮ǰ˽ٶ𣬲ʱһֱʮɣߴʮɣԲεľ޴Ƥ򣬱ֱԴϡ

ԺΧ۵ʦȫĿɿڴͷǴ󵽲˼ľƤ
ǣѾǴԭأΧʦѾĿɿڴˣǿƤ֮ܵѹӳ㡣
ֱüѾΪ֪ʱĿһĻˣǾֵ£һ˷ܵĽһĵΪˣ˶ĸԺͬʱҲպĹԺΪȫ»ŷ˵ʥأ


578 
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ͷв˼ƬһҧֱӰ¯һܣ嵽˼ƤͰϣһ̤¯һƤϣݺݿʮ£ʱһˮĲֱͣƤͰڣʱͷƤġ䡱ٴδƤͰϵĻҲθ߽룬ҲӵĿ
ٶʮΣգһŪãܻܿᱬըλǳˣųͬʱϸĶƤͰҲ͹ܵբڸرˡ
ŹƣȻ΢΢ҡμ£ţνµҲˡ
ҿ쿴Ժ׽µˣ
ʲôȻˣ
ɡɡҪ
찡ˣ
ѧӣǽʦһĻ󣬶ʱը˹㣬һϲӵĿʼ۷׷
ҲǴϲ¯բڣ¿ңƤͰ𣬺֮Ҳ಻˶һͷƤ顣
һģõڱεĻϽͣƷˡ
ȻȻһȥ
Ժ찡
Ҳ֪˭һɤӣʱȫʦ˷ܵĸߺ
һߣߣߣɣһɣɡ
޴򻺻գи¥˼ʮɸʱͻȻͨһһĲͱųƬ̲ƺ뵽ʲôſڵͷһɿЦêͷɶˡ
ȻԵеζֻʵ壬Իкܶ׶ˣһ㲻õСˡ
İɴˣêͷʵء
ҪһͰֶܼãʴ˳ɹպҲûмһûһµĲȶңʹ¯һң˲ܽ¯Ĳͱƽ͹ܣͨƤͰС


ԺԺʯԣԪԺ֣ȴҲʶҲԺʲô
ͻȻһӰߵԪԣùһ㣬ʯϣſŷԪЦʲôأ񣿡
ԪͷһۣЦô鵽ˣ֯շĿβˣ
Ҳ֪ôˣͻȻδȥԺˡ
˵ˣͥȣѧְһµݷ١
Ժ
Ԫһ㶣ЦѹԺͻȻˣǺǣѧӺŮѧһʱȻû
Ҳ๫˰˵ӵأŪһŮӴѧѧϰ
Ǻǣ¶ԣҲкܶѧӣΪŮѧǰԼӶͼǿɼҲԽԽãҲЩŮУӶķѧҵģԺ׳㣬ӻͷ
һ⻰ݷٲЦԪ㻹˵أ㲻Ҳ𣡡
ԪСһ죬ȴûз˼Ƭ̣һ̾ԹЩʲôʱͻȻƺһ赲գƫղԺӣʱȫ
ԪɫһŤͷȥʱһӺ޵ķϣĿԲɣ촽ţԾ𾪵һƯڿеľ޴塣
ݷټԪɫͻȻ䣬ֱδڷԪϼģһ򱣳Ӻݻ󣬴󷽵ķԪ˵ԾûʲôֳԾǺܶˣ
ڳԾ룬˼ҷԪҲҪ¶ʱ̴⣬費
ڵı飬ʵݷҲΪ֮һɵݺ˳ŷԪĿȥʱɲǼ䣬˶һʱͱúͷԪһ޶ˡ
ǡǡ
ݷ˵˰죬Ҳû˵һ
๫
ԪҲһݷһĿӾ޴ƣһʱŷֵУһӰڳ·֡
ô氡ǡʲôݷٽ͵
ԪƤѾ뻯Ƭ̺󣬱ȻһЦʮа˾ţ๫ڳ⡣
ԪϲѾ߲ˣʱ๫ûϡΪ˻ܻʵʶԺȥˡ
ˣʮа˾ŰΪλġ
ŷԪݷݸһЦ˵㻹İ
ֻҪĥ룬๫Ҫݵʯȹ£ֺ֮˵
˵λԪ˧𣿡ݷٱԪ£ŷԪȥҲǰ취ͺħƵãԽòĶԽҪŮҲ˰
浱Щǰסİ˵ƢȻͷϲ๫ѳɣתΪ֧ţ
ҲҪʲô°ݷٿЦ
ԪȴЦĸˡ
˳⣬һ굽ͷҲ๫Σ๫ܹ¶ļ尾ܲ𣡡
ݷٶʱԶԣףʮʵⶼڼԷӴСͽ̵պļıľ᲻öԷĿӡ
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ѽ
Ԫﾪһݷپ㵵ĿУһͳ˺ԺֱԺķȥ
ԪԺʱһƬܣѾΧ˺üȦˣʦæĳ档
ԪһҲ˲ˣֱӼȺáò׳嵽ǰ棬ɿľһƬǽ壬ڽľ޴Ƥ£˳ʼûм๫Ӱ
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ԪＱŶţֱӳ嵽ƤԣϵĺС๫ùȥû๫ӰûӦ
ƤȻˣҲɶߣǶ߰ɣ治֪˱ѹסأҪȥҲȻˣԪﻹӲͷƤƤʹꡣ
һ·ԪߵļΪˣͷƤܳѹɢѣͷңȴ濴๫Ӱ
๫๫
һߺһǱУҲ֪˶ãڷһ˿âʱȻˡ
ֻһߣѾƤͷǰ棬һУϼʲô
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뷨ȷģʲôƾҵͼֽ
εĻ˵ЩʲôʱͻȻʲôŤͷһһ
վڵͷƤͰѰ˼Ƭ̣ЦͰƺҪһ£Ӧá
߶߶ţȻֱ۱һ£ͷҲص˵֣ʦ쿴￪һӣͨһܣһҡС棬ŷƽߣ˿Ը죡ҲŪһ
һǣһ߸оֱ۱ײʵ̲סŤͷ˵ЩʲôͻȻֲʲô΢ƫͷʱһͷңŮıԵһգգĶ
ôˣξ㵵ĿŷԪ
ԪһҡͷһЦЦƺԳζ
๫û±áԪּһ˿Цݵ
Ŷ
εͷ˰죬ʱʮʶȤ뿪ˣЩ˷ܣҪѯʻʸⶫǺǺ쳣Ҳס
ǲҡͷһЦת롣
κͷԪãͷǸ㵣ˣԲ𰡡
Ȼһܼ򵥵Ļ֪ΪΣԪоǼһᣬ̲סȻˡ
һǲ֪ˣ˰죬ԪͷϵƤ򲦿óݸЦҺƵģ


579 ǰ
ҹˮѧԺһУΪ׵ļλʦʲôỰҲйء
һƼ󣬿ϢἫ©ʸ׼ʱ̣ȻǹΪĶ̽ʱ㲻ˡ
׶ˣĿǰڸУҲҪң˵ԥݡνͣȿڵ
šεͷǵԭͻȻѾԸʦÿһͰ͹ͰˮӦûͰҲѾ˴ȥȡ豸һЩԭ͹
ǵͷݸһЦʸ˾ףϢһ©ԥݣԼҵ֪󣬻ɡ
ȷҿǲˣû뵽һٳɹ֪ΣƾǵŲҲ˵ܷ죬ҲΪɡЦ
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һ˲˼ˣĩ˲ҡҡͷ鲻ʺЩģӦ֯շǰһæ
ⱫҲǣ֪벻׵ģת˼·ȻСֻ͵Ҫѧϲ̸ʵףһ·ţǼ⵽֪ҪԶٿء
Ǵ֮ǰҵҶ䣬Ǵʲôģ;֮Ǿɷѧҵ޲أĴ̶ĳķˣ
οһʵѧΪ¬ĪסͬѧӣˮһĶӡ
Ҷʵǰʱţиж˾ˣҶȥӰ
¬ĪԣŻȻ򣬾ԭУҲܸĽĵط
༸ѧԣҲͷȻǼΪͬ¬ĪĻ
һ·Ͱѧ̸˵أԺ׵ǻɲʱδѧҪѯʲôǰһͷڼͻȻ˵ʸӪˣ


583 ԥ
ⶫϲʮﴦǾӪŴ
˴Ӫͱ򣬲˶±һֻʮһɡ
ԥս꣬ǳǧʬܻģȴ׳档
Ĳ򻤼Ҷǲξսܻ׳֮٣۳֮£Ҳֻԥξˡ
ǿԵģ㲻ͬҪͬļ˶Ҫ۳ģǵ⡣
Щ۵СսǹУոճʾƣӪβһ̾
ЩҪŵǰҲֻСѧҵĳӦùַſڣû£ѧУߵӡ
֪ʲôʱǾҪһɱ¾
ĩ硭
ĩų
μʸ
ӭһڿκΪ׶˵ϥ¹򹧾
ڰֵɡ
ԣŷվĽʿҲ׷վĿк棬ɻλʸ
ʸ֪εӪΪ£Ԫ˧ĻҪһˡ͵
Ͳֻʮ꣬ȴѾ粵ĸòͨһ㣬йӲŭζ
һԵųҪԵ࣬ǳΪӢͬΪ粵ĸȴհ
۳һְʹûʲô仯Эͳ˧´ΣʱҪ䵱һְûʲôʵȨԾĽʿĥڰʵȨְλ
֪һְҪԣȴΪˬ˵أԼߣһᣬһ˧ͦ۵İ
ʦأѯʵ
ʦҲǸյӪã˿Ӧ˧鿴鱨ɡص
εͷæԼ飬ֻһС·ɡ
ųȻûȭӦŵת㰲һ´ε˧ȥ
˧ʽھӪм䣬ƽʵ壬ֻսʱŻ֣߾˾ʦ󣬱㳹ײͬˣÿ˧ʽ̽ǲҲ֪˶˳ȥ̽Ϣһ㱨ܣƺҪʱ֪ԥһһ
ε˧ʱꪱҪɰѴǵһŲһϽǰһ󣬲ꪱȻĿУδ˧ʡ
˧УһŮٽۣͷɴñľɫŮڵͷʮֽǰ棬˹վĿбӵĵȺ
ԼҾȻͱǧɽȻɻȥ赣ʲôˣԼҷӵȻǲˮʱ֪Ҫغڣǡ
߾һ˵ţһдʲôд󣬷ֽīֱۺŷ⣬ͷҲ̧ȥʱһվһԵŲǰһҪ˫ֽӹŷ⣬ͻȻһֳֻǰżԹԵ
㡭
Ųŷ⣬һ⣬˴һ󵨡ʱͻȻڴ⴩ɴϵд뻹һ罣ƵΡ
ٿòŲһ˲µְμʸ
Ŷ㵹ʶҡεЦ˵꣬ۺֽŲֵȥɡ
ǣʸ
Ųʸûй¶ʱһӹżһߵףת뿪˧ʡ
˿̣ŲҲǾɲĿǰ꣬ĳ߾ȴɫƽƺʸ˲Ƶġ
ˣЩͳȥɡ
߾дţһݸʣµŲ
˿ùż󣬵һɢƺƬ̶˧ˡ
Һ£
æ󣬳߾ָαϣùһֵ˵ˣɱָܰԪ˧˵ʲô
ܰСڵ룬Լ
ЦЦͻȻһ⣬ֵȥ߰ɡ
߾üͷһЩ죬Ƭ̺󣬱ͷ
ͬһ߳˧ʣ߾һЩѧӺͺڼɨһЩŪʲôˣ
ʱ䣬οǾŪһЩʣҲȷһµѹ˵ͦѵĺڣĻµ⣬ĹٲּȫˣڵųԷء
뵽⣬߾ֵʸӦݺʱ͵
ŶѾȥ׼ˣӦ¸¾ܵ
βû˵ѣѾȥݣϱߣǺ֮أˮ֮࣬Ϸǣضζһ֮أ֮һģգĸգǾİڸݣʴ˾˵ݹһھݺˣһϣһݱڵһʱ˵˵ء
˵Ǻؼҵĵ̣ΪЩķգ꣬ݺݡݴսʮؼǳ׵ĺҷˣʳȻ˵ݣʴҲֻܴӦ۳ϾʳˣһȫϣĲգԹؼҲ߽ˡ
ϣ˰ɣѾԽ߲ǰʱӼݣȼü֮ҲֻܳŹһ£ݻҪ²ճɡ߾һ˵һߺӪȥ׵Ҳϳ档
ˣκ
ǿǿɡ߾ǿЦһϸϸε
ԥݵʱ䱻ԼҾϯյѾǿ಻ˣÿ춼ϰ۳ĵؽеǷ⡢ꡢǵȵأвԼˡ
ԼҵĵؽʣµĶһЩҵʵԴ֮ˣԼǴ£Щˣλŵֺô
ⶼԼҸˣƺ۳ϵҲûУʵ۳Ҫ˼񣬱ģļģѾǰѼҵ׳Կˡ
ԼңΪһƬգҲʡˣҲõˣһϸ۳ʩѹ˵һüƲ߰
˵ıԣȷݶȴɱȡѣһҴ۳ɹѹأļԼұȻǲƣǣǲʱˣ߾Ц
ȻʱԼó߾Ѿŭ𣬵ò˵Լҵľʦ˵ȷ˵ã߾Ʋ߶ʶƣ׻ˣó߾еǰδеѹͬʱҲ˴ŮĺöԸ
Ŷ˵Ѿ뵽ԼҵļƲˣüһʵ
߾ȴҡҡͷȷһƣڣǵ֮󣬲ſɶãһ˼ʹԼҾԳŲ꣡
ԣʱʹȤѯǺμƲߣȻ߾ȴ˵һ䣺й¶󣬻һΣƵˣ
˵ԼҾˣĴԥݻңд£вȻ񱨸һ£ʴ¡
ȷʴҲŰǧ̽ӣԼһһ
ǧ
һԣξƬ̣Ҳû취ģԥȻ󣬵Ҳʮſ۳ռʮһԼռݶ˿֮أҵҲΪˡ


584 Ҫ
߾еǧ̽ӣֻǼԼҵģǼԥݣ۳ԥݵʵؾҲ̽ӣЩһĿ㲻Ҳаǧ֮ˣ
һŶˣ粳ʱͳȺ£ǰõڼ֮һ·ԥݷе֮ڣǰѴʮ򣬲ЩãǴɢ飬ֱŵפأЩаԼĽʿԴѹŪ粵ľɢս
ҲΪˣ粲ûйԼңȻһϵΪ͢ʱң粶Ҷһ
һǿȺ͢ҲǷҪɱӺݣ˾ʱգɱλϢһͬʱҲЩȻʧ
Ϊһ£ԼѾȶŵٶԽԽ죬ֻܿʼɨ巴ԼҶԥݽ
̶̰ǰСսϰŪԥݿ಻ԣ۳ոս͢Ҫ󰲸գҲֻһѡˡ
а취ǼӵоҪԼңͻȻʵ
㡭
߾һ㶣Цʸǰ治ǹİ
˳˳ѣǫЦ
֪ʸкμƲߣ̽鰡Ҫ֪ԼҾˣڵӼݳʱЯƥڿװж磬÷ֵġ
Ҳ
ҡҡͷЦڸߴҰ㣬һɨ֮ϣԼȻˣ
ߴǺǣߴʤ
Ȼ߾֪˵ĸߴһ˼ֻҪt̨ȻӣͬʱҲһ˷ѣԥ˵󲻴˵СǾԲСɽڵӵ谭t̨ҪٻѣÿвܲɱأҪˡ
ҲֻͣЦŽһתͻȻ粵Ľ
Ҳ֪߾ôģȻҲ͸ˣĵСŮ̬ȴûб֪ʴҲ֪ԼŴˣʱΨһֵø˵ģյļˣ
һ˵˾Ӫ⣬Ŀһɨָһյصȥıߡ
߾ûзԣһ·ȥĿȴĿһԼľ
Щľ϶˶дСȴ鲼ڵΪ˷꣬һĽոѡ
ˣ׼ɡߵأַԸ
׵˵Ӧŵһ·æ
Щ˵ľٶ߾ЩĪһκҪʲô


߾һԣһûǸɣ
ҵ
ЦЦһֵָͷүڿأʴҾЧһ£үۣԼҸɳĻ£
ʸȥۣ߾ͻȻĪôһ䡣
㶣׹Цҿ˵ġ
Ǻðɣҿأʸү۵ģ
ԿЦһͻȻƲʲôͷһӪȴֳһѵС·⣬ûκο֮
ҪʧջĿ⣬㱼䣬ƺһ̨ϣһ׵Ӱפɰϲòᣡ
ǰͲס˰ɣ
ͬ˵β֮ˣˡ
˿̵粣ȷھӪĲt̨ϣһգգĶߣ󣬻һžװģƵŮӣ
㣬Ҫˣ䲻ģͻȻðһ䡣
ţƨɶˣ
粴˻һԼʱһ£̲סŤͷһãҲһȻƺţ⻰ǴϽ˵ġ
գգ۾ٺһȴϽ㿪ֻ̣ý͵˵ģҪˣ
鼮˰ɣھУԺٿһ㣬࿴顣ŽѵĿ˵
ߺûƭ㣬ȻͿŰɣҪˣ
λˮȻֻǵһ쵽ѧתתûȤ뿪ˣѧǺ棬һСӰطȥ֮Ҳֻóˣûǹ䣬ֵ·һɴ۾ĿǺŤͷһʱҲžһ
ú˷ܵĳѧûԺǴƤ֮Ŵѧţ⾹Ȼ˷ɵģոմƤµӰȻǽΡ
ǴϲȻڽ֮󣬾ȻͲˣǾΣǲӦһɣŪһơ
УһҲҪɣ
棬Ȼ͵͵۲ϽɫƬ̣һ£ľ£ƺûвҲᣬĿʱʱȵžӪꡣ
ʱͻصˮСԺǶӣȻǶʱ̣ܶм仹飬ò˵Ψһܼǵܰ䡣


585 ٴ
߾ͻȻоԼһȫİ磬ɻκǰѧӵ·æţ˿̿յѾϡŹֵĶرһƤֽţ󵽿սˡ
ѷ俸ſϣƤĴһȦȫϵ϶˵ϣû©ŷԸ
¬Īľԣһ߸ߣ߿ĴᵽߣòηԸǱ㽫һͨĴͲײһ׶ϣƤﱧֹ©磬һ˽Ͳ쵽Ƥһ˿ʼҡη֡
ӷһ룬֮ڴƤҲ
߾ǿĪ̲סʵҪʲô
ڲ鿴¯ͷҲص˵ҲţŰɡ
㲻˵ô֪Ҳˣ߾ߵģǱСˣ䲻˵ѧʶԨͨŽȻ֪룬Ҳͨѧʿܱġ
ҲᣬæµѧҲ׼ʲôľҡ䣬ͣޱȣĳ߾ԽԽĪˡ
ѾҲв֪İɣ
Ȼû߾ȴڷ̣ͬʱ͵͵һ۾Ӫڷֲt̨ϵĽӰﲻӵĵɪˡ
ƤԽԽѾ˵ˣһƵģ˵߾˽ľ£ѾˣӪؾ͸ڶһԾߡ
һʲô£һ䡣
򣡡
ͻȻһӰЦǺǵܵյأϵĳҡ֡
Ҳҷ¡
Ķȥû
С
һõһ䣬ߵ޴ƤԣͻȻӳ嵶Цĵ򣬵۰
ʲôοٶʵһ
ʲôȻҪˣǷɲˣʯ٣
һвĻοЦƬ̣εͷúãɡ
һԵĳ߾ǵ̸ЩĪʲô˼δЩ˼˰ɡ
ҪϷɣ
߾Բ޻̸֮ǿκǰѧеģֲ٣ʮ㡣
ҵҪҪηɣ
ڳ߾ﴧʱһԵͻȻһԾУѧֵˣڣɲҪһˡ
׵ԣһϣֱӹȥſڵԵϣеǿһݣץסĿӡ
Ȼǵľٶڳ߾;Ӫؾʮ֣㵽ڣҲû˿Ǿڸʲô
׼˰ɣ̶𣬿ɱֵˡ
ȻһԷɳɹǵڶεԷʱǳʣʶûֻһԺģȴû뵽׵ûй̶õͻ𲻾ãոͷ㵹ŵҲˣÿ죬һһʹӵӳҪͻˣηӳҲ죬ͰһԵˮͰ𣬳ȥƤͰĻˡ
İɴˣһξ⡣ٺЦ
ţҿҪˣ
˵գóӣƤͰȥʱѾͽľģȼܴһֱӴƤͰ
ױ˿ȳ棬˿ҲҪһ
һεĻԱζҪִ󣬶Ҳ˲٣ĵڶͣȷȵһͰĸ
ȵҽˡ
˵ҲղŵĻһȷûпʱĳʴ˲֪Ȼõ𣬲ǸƤһһĵģƺʲô㿩һЦֱһԾ˵ŽһɵЦš
ȻҪɣҪæҡָŵһС
￴⣬һʼЩɻ󣬲Ҳ뵽ղűҡľٶѧӣץסСİ֣ʼҡ
һҡʮϵһңʱһһϵģͬʱƤͰУ˲䣬ƤͰϵĻƸͣ䡱֮
ʱĿһͷϵƤͰھɲеİ֣ͻȻʲôһЦ󣬾Ȼ糵ҡˣƤͰʱһƬҽȻĸɲճģȴ󣬷Сĸо
㡣û
Ŷ
죬ȴҲҹҡΰ֣ǻָ֮ǰٶȡ
˵ĺΪ˷ֹٴεߵ׵Ѿ˵£ֱ֣ñŲĳͣһ㽫
߾ѾˣٷḻʶٹҲδ⺧˵һĻɡ
˿̵粣ȻԶ˴һƤֱڿյϣϹӲŻῴء
ʸŨҲ֪๫Ҫʲô
¼ܣɣ
˷ܵһȣ׵ΧԣԱľ׮ϵնϣʱΪ֮һȻ
ڶҡƺоʲôһĶС˷ܵÿÿҪɿ
֣ҡû
Ҫҡﲻֹ
Ҫɸ߸ߣҪ˿պʱͣϢν͵
ԣʱϲץסһҡ
һûֹҲٲ̤˼ң¯Ϳ뵽ƤͰȻһεĳͿڱԼලһȻСģȴʽƤͰУһͿڣʱȼΪһֱϿա
һ˹Ժӣ߳߾Զ粺;Ӫؾɲʱǵɴ۾ĿĿ
תۼ䣬Ѿɵʮɸ߿գѾԸӪˡ
㣬ûⰡ
ϱıĻ˫ָе
֣ҡٴû
ҡ
ϻ˩ʮɳģȻҪɵʮˡ

һ⻰ãܷʮɣ
ʮɣִͬ׾룬׸߿жߣڸ¥õĵطѱȽϣƽԭûи¥õĹŴĸ߶Ⱦǿˡ
ʮʱٴðͷ󺰴Уȴ֪˿̱t̨춥赲Ͻ㣬ѾǺ޵ˡ
ѹְԭΪⶫ
⻰þнʿˣоʲôҪó߾ԪŮţ˲ףԪ˧˲ĵɣ¾Ϊʸ²ˣΪ˶ǧĹ
Ԫ˧ʸ֮ܴ˷գʸǿŽŰ
ĩоҾд̸β֪о
ǰǰ۲ܲtԶǻлʸԶ֣ԼҵĩҲͲԶˣ
ͻȻ䣬һ˽嵽˲t̨£ͷ뱧ȭ
ȻﲻˬͬʱҲƵģ˲Ͷף


586 ޲
ۣ쿴쿴ָָˣ
أ⾿ʲô֪𣿡
֪˵ǻʸģ
ʸѹͻȻԭǴŶˣ
ӪУ赶Ūǹ±սĽ죬æŸʿ緹Ļͷ˿ȫžӪӿȥϿһ޴Ƥָָ㣬־ϲ˵ʲô
粲·춯һɨȴûκãΪӻǽ죬ĿⲻƫеĶ򣬸û˿λƽôоôҪӳŮԪ˧
һ˿ŭͻȻһԾ˲t̨˻ڰգץסԵĽݣһƽȵڵϡ
ͻȻһˣʿûлع˿̾ӪſѾӵ쳣ϵܹƺҪӪȥǾ޴Ķ
һ˿⣬һɨߵȫλΥʮ
ϤޱȵĽȣܽʿ޲һ𣬴Ԫ˧Ȼ߲Զʱŵȶˡ
˺ˣҶˣٸλк
ȺӵǵЩ˲£Ҳ֪Ԫ˧ƺˣ
Ԫ˧һŭʬв֮ɲʱ䣬ȺɢӵľӪţſ
Ԫ˧ˣʸ֮ʮа˾͸Ԫ˧õģǺβȥۣ籧ȭ
粻Ƭ̣ŵͷ߳ӪʮҲϲޱȣĪĸԪ˧յȥ
˿̣յϣ߾ͷŷɵʮɸ߿յĿɻ˼ʲôֱڣޱȵġ
ξȻķˣҿӦܷɵøߣΪ˩˩ľ׮ϣ޴Ƥĸ߶ȡ
ôˣʦߵ߾ߣʵ
߾ͷɨһ粺һɽ죬հĿϣЦòϣ๫Ϳ治С
ʵ߾һֱûСΣֻǱûгϰˣӳˣһ·ڣ߾йϰٴεĸоƺ͸ΣÿηҲʱͻȻ䣬һһ
ͬģʵҲˣԳɻʼ๫Ƥģһδ֮󣬺ȻƻһƵģƺʲô¶ı˭ףÿζԼû취ҽ๫ְʱԤϵЧһƫþƵġ
һֱԼҾɧŵ粣òϴһֽͷöĳ̶ȣڴʱͻȻͱδƾˡ
дӣԼҾˣ
ǰ治֪ڴ温·ܿԶ
϶üʮˡ
һò࣬ǲãʱ;²̫ˡ
һʮѾٴΰĿ⿴ϿգͬʱҲ˷쳣š
߾ԣҡҡͷﲢõġ
ԣʮ춼һ㶣ǺѯҪʱͻȻҲǵͷڷأȻǾһζķأôⶫô㽫ȷʱ𵽵Ч󣡡
Ԫ˧;ʦ˼ǡôԼң
Ҳ
߾ҡҡͷֵҹ۴ƿƣӦһ޷򣬶УһҪԼңȻǲܣûʱȻǲܵģһ绹֮ãԼϢ֮
Ǿʦ˼ǣǷ׷׺Ҳм쿪ʼ˼Ҫ߾뷨
ֻҪǻһλ룬Լҵģ˿̾ͷ˵Ƿ
һ߾⻰ʿ򣬷׷׵ͷǡ
ⶫǵоģҾ֮˵ˣ˯˯ǴҪŪԼҾӪϿգ˵û޷𣡡
߾ȻһЦһ۱ñֱ˩˵ŷ֪ɣ
ʦ˵
精͸ģûˣ˳߾⻰ʮ˻ٶʲô׷׽ͷӶе˵Ҫһ·оɱʱͻȻɱΧ
Ҳе˵ױоʶƣӦûǹԶֵоֱӰǴɸӡ
ۡ찡㿴ûﰡ
ﻹлƺ˼Ҳ֪һ
ˣ׼ȥˡ̤ϵĽţ
ȥˣڷһҪ˩ˣ˳УƮΣ
һȥ
һֻҪ֤һ£Ҫ;Уҷɾ˺ķ͹أóʱȱͿɾˡ
ƤͰƽСƯúͣ·ȥΪ˱ϴԽԽ죬·˻ûܿȫѹסˣʴڲ½ʱӴһЩƣƽȽ䡣
ģһյʱŻأ·Ѿ׵˵Ľ£뿪ܣº󣬿ʸһһƤͰϣŴǵ߳Ҳ׷߹ȥ
ʸ
δЩ˵ʲôαڰֵҪ֪ʲôҵѧ
ָ׵ˣｫƬ̺󣬱㶼Ц߹ȥΪæʰֻǳʩһ񣬶ÿڲŲ¬Īͣæʰ
¬Īλߵԣϵָ豸ӵĽʲôýһһ㶵ģ¬Īڲŵȷ˵ã಻֮øֱ͵ý״
ôο粺ͳ߾΢΢һЦ
߾ֻЦЦһкߵǱߣһ߿Ĺ죬һ¬Ī͡
ȻҲݺ棬ȴûйȥϾ๫ǰ棬ʲô֪ģҲ
๫ҪΪǰ𣡡
⡭
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ԣһͷΧĽѧӣ̾һ󣬵ֻú˯һǿջĴãȴڰ
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޲ңעȨ˰ˣ
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588 ǿ
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589 мҴ
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СڿأءҡͷһЦ
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Сˣʸγ֪ԱҲ֮٣ȻˣҲͲˡ

öһϲҪ˵ʲôʼЦҪлмˣмҵȷһлл
˵ţλ˼СֲϵҡΣƬ̣ƺʲôֿɲǹŴǣӲҪ˵ҲǷ
εջ֣οѾЩ˵öʸʹ˵֮ϣС㲻Ҫߡ
ʮرһȻСŮӳԾְ
öЦЦ˵꣬ͻȻһ⣬¶ʱвԼȻͱʸǣˣȻǣǣ֣ǱĻŪЩ°
Ȼ˲ò࣬СмԼɲҪٴαתȦȦˡ
գöŵʸ֮¡
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С£Ȼ⣬ֻ
ðҪҲ޷ݲǣöлԱ⣬Ŷдˡ
ƤЦĳֵæҲڳơӦãɵ֮ͬʱֻ
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粻öεȻһЦƦɫİС㣬ʸװмģ֮䲻˵м׬׬رǮ
׬ǮǺǡ
öȹûʵ޻̸֮ʲô˼ǰ׸Ǯ׸׬صĵҪˣؤͻؼָЩؤܿļͭ壬¸ڻҪãҳ˰ɡ


591 Ĳ
۳Ԫ³ģһȫڳﱸڵĽĿսжҲ͵͵УȺȾʲôģΨӪȴڽŵıʲô
Ϊ׵˧Уʮصžʦ߾Ĳ
һԵׯ԰УԷԪΪ׵ԺŮǣѾЦݣεİš
ûУ˴ֻɹʧܣ
ͬĻͬһʱκ粿дЧƺȻ෴˧ʽʿǶһصĵͷׯ԰ŮǣǶһʱƤЦʶ
οЦһҲû취ģʲôˣ˾˵ˣҪǱˣɾˡ
粻ԱֻһǵƷͲᷭˣһŮ
ԣղ˵©ˣ˲ϲˣһϲˣ֮ǰͬԺֻҪ棬ͻĸԸˣ
һǲΪʲôͱĸԸأһŮʵ
𣿡οʵ
۰춫ܵġŮҡͷ
ǾͲҪ˽ЩȥǣʱȻ֪ˡ
ŮһתͷŷԪʱȣüලһ£Ǹˡ
ǵȻ¹ԺԺıݣ۱ɹֻ๫Ըֻʲô̾޼ǳȫȨԺݵķãҪ̨֪װߺ˹ЩǮҲСĿˣݣκηã˿ûһɵӰ
Сǵֻûʶһ㣬ɹʱǶƤ
סԪɲϲǾˣȥͼԷк𣿡Ԫƺֻһ롣
οЦһƺ֪˵ٶ࣬ҲɹʱгЧʴɴͲˡ
˰廨ţʽϲԣҲϲ磬ã߱ǰҪ࣡
ֱ磬ׯ԰̨ŴϣȻª˲٣ԺŮ׼ĺڵ󣬲ЧȥҴӺһд֡Ŀм̣дȫȨĿװмǲׯṩƷУϣڷˣҲӵ˴
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ȵȡöͷҲ̧ĿٲŪ̡
ĩˣöͻȻһͷصĶŸףһοмҴˣ֪Ҫ𣿡
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öûش𣬶ҡҡͷ컨壬үүͱˣ
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͹ѣмҳȫȥϾҪ̡Ⱦ˹ЩˣµάֶǿǿȾʹҪֹͣˣмҽûƷڻ¸ֻܼǮ͹콫ȱƷ룬ûǧ
һ㣬ѾԾˣһӾͰװʧǧǱһµĻѻ󰡣
ׯ԰Ӵʱͣٵļһǧʮ֮Ҫ轭Ա⡢Ա⡢Ա͹Աĳأǧʮ̨òϣǧŰԺѧӺԺ﹤ĳסͣķãǧЩѾǧˣ
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ǣǣӸомһܸģҲһ
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ŮһѱһĿţҲζϾȫΪɫϣҪǷС椣ǵʸ
ɫͷϣȻһѵһοɵˣһˣҿҪŮˣ
ﰵţ˼ǰһӶоһǲйȥһҲѵðˣǺӵŮҪǧҡڵȥͽԱ⡢Ա˺Ȼȥ
գڣǵĴСﾹȻûյ֣ϣΪȿֺļһѣңźо׷ۡ
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ұߣ飬ߣʳһ˵ޱȡ
Ǻǣʸо˴з񣿡Ц
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˷лԱ˱ظҵȣԪﾴһԪߣԱ˺Ȼһ˿ãƺ˺๫ˣ湦üã˵Աˣζδɲһǰ㡣
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εʼûпһۣź۵ĿҲɢģƺĲɵʲô
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ĪһʲôԤı
οɲԴ⼸еĶԽԽ࣬Ҳ͵һ΢˯һûͼҴ뿪ˡ
๫๫

Ԫ˺ü䣬βŻعôˣ
Ӯˣ
ʲôʲôӮˣβ
Ȼ๫֮ǰ˵ģǵӮˣȻʤмǣ֮ǧʤʤֻϧ๫ղΪβȥҲСһѣԪȻε⣬ֻһЦ
ҲֻϹµģϾսĺܸоеĸˮɣοЦ


592 ̳
ҹ֣ûкľյƣΪ˶֪ӱߵмׯ԰ҪһӱĿϷݡ
ֻϧܾׯ԰ۿԶΧ˵ʮ֮һˣȻþְ취ڸΧۣǽģģ˴ģںӶ԰ģֻҪһɨ֪ǲˡ
֮ˮѧԺ˳ҪΪǵһڻʹݣҪ֪ǸŮٹǿİϰոͲܼţݺ󣬸¶Ϣ֪ЩĿ棬Ǿ羫ʣ蹴꣬ǽ˻ζ
ԺҪˮӺǡݵȵѲʮೡ֪ϢǸڴȫ벻ԺȻûӺ俪ֱԥһЩ֪Ļˣϲᰡ
ԺѡΪԥս𲻶ϣˣʴ
˵ΪǮ˼ƫƫݣҪֺ˵˼ЦЩڵ˼ƫƫпȸ辡ȡֻ˼ׯصĸʽ
Ժ˾٣ëȻˣмҿΪׯ԰ΧȺڣɶڵѪ
һģֻҪһģһҹҲٰʮˣһҲһǧӵ룬ͨϷҲհٰʮĵģҪշѣǿǺüҵ๫Ҳܻˣ
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ףС쿴öԵѾͻȻָ̨
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ʲôʲôÿģöΪõתͷɨһ̨󣬱һ㶣Ŀⶢ̨ڳõĴ첼첼ϣȻšš
ôֽģöʱ͵Բ۾
֪ż򵥰ɣϾô֣һһҪ쵽ʲôʱ򰡡Ѿҡͷ
ҿҸǮɣߣ˵Ҫм⣬һ鲼ƨãʸȻס
꣬С⻰ɲ˵һ˻ʸУмҿҪ군ˣѾԴһ
ʲôҲˣҲˣҵ๫ء
ö˵˵ţȻֿŪѾߺһΣͬʱľģϾ¥ҲвٹأȻǵע̨ϣأ
ȷвöĻЩ˶Ц˭˼һʸǸ缸ˮмлã
ڳĲ˶ǺмһеϵомǿӱʸӵģڹмұţȻˣ˼棬ҲٰмһЩͱλĸݣĿϬĽԱ⣬ǵͼ˲ľĸмҴ̨أȻҲоЩۣ뵽ǽ۰εͷ£ԱԴҲ̫ںˡ
ԶһͷԱ⣬˿öĿһҡͷ̾ʵܶ˲֪ճԪʱԱǾΪ˰Ҫ˴ŮϾ֪һ飬ǱԺԺݡ
ҤŮӣˣϴɾ𣿹ʴˣԱ͹ƻԱ⣬ϾԪҪԱׯǽԱֵͤԺʴˣڶԷûԼǰðȻڣܿ⵽ܾ̽̽·˵ǳʣµģҪ֪ǳ˶ʣµأںЩҪʧȤ
˭Ҳû뵽ӻûǹ͸ȣûء
ԱǰҵͬʱҲǴһΪӹȻǣȻûаˮظ֤ȫȨˣһԱͲõĻʸҲ뵣İװ׶ӣھεͦھεģʴҲԺѧӵļҿջ¥סǺþƺòˣϵֻ᷿ոɱǮѡ
Ա⣬ٶ뽭ԱԱ˼ǺмûʲôӴ˺ɵԺζʱɵѣ˭ԸཻȻҲǮѵͣʵĲǣ
ҲڸȻҲŮĿȴûѵﻰһкλѣԱ⿴ҡͷͬʱҲЦ˵ȷɵĿɰˣҿүûаѼҵǽǸͨϸ㣬˿룬磬˵ǮıŮ
ٺ٣˵ԱⰡ˵ʸҪ⣬лмȫȨĪǾǿƲͻȻ䣬һͷ綷ļȲϵСׯ¥㣬ӭƤЦӣ̲סͷһ䡣
ȻͷüԳƣŻ󣬽˵Ǯ
ԭïԱ⣬ʲôˡ
ˣԱƤЦתһ
ïԱҲǿׯģïǲׯѾ꣬ûΪԶįǾò˥ԽʢѾƵͷŲׯˡ
мңֻǽʮģүӴ˰˴ŪͷѪ´ΣȻˣǿˣǿ룬һ濿δν׬СǮزپҵׯ֮ʮҲŪеɫһȾ̣ԶԶïǡ
Ķʮ꣬мԽԽѾïǱȼļƣʴˣҲïԱȲˬˣлᣬ䳰ȷһⲻ֪Ȼ˻ʸȫȨԺݣҵãʹ찡Ȼֻʹˣ
ïԱ˵ʸΪ˸лӣȻҪ⣬ɰïԱһҪ֪ٶΪ¹ɱ㣬㴩СЬǻʸΪ˳ȫмңǵͷïǴСЬĻïԱҲֻ׸ˡ
ǺïԱ˷ǲҪһ»ʸ˼û뵽ǺǡʸȻѹûиïǴСЬĴ㣬Ǵе⣬Ȼֻһ첼ϼ֡
˵ԱⰡԺݣˣûָյĲïĳǰɣïԱãҲ˼ַζ
ˣ¥Ǳ˵ĵطһʸҲ˵ˣ˿ԣһۣ¥ǸдõģɣïԱƺǱ˹Ͱɣ
Щֻǲںණ˵֪ԼïԱɫԷҲֻƨɣ⻹ֱӳʹأ
ïԱԣŭȷ˼ҵĵ̣һ˵ٶ࣬ҲǷϻ˵ԽԽˣɴһݣïԱһŤͷˡ


593 
ïԱ뿪ıӰЦһתЦеܵŮöߣٹŮղïˣ
öﻹɢ๫룬ԴںΪ̽ʸĶ»ʸïǴСЬ㻹浱㰡
һʲôô죿ӿʸѹûамͷ˼һһµĿ𣬺ܿܳΪïǵͻƿڣǸִѹ
İɣȻһȿˣܺмҸŮҲȥЩ̹֤ƥĻﲻҪȱ٣һïҲ޴ˡ
ŮĴָ
Ҳ֪أԴٸö̸ûѹԱⶼһȻҲ֪ûãŮһĻòһ
˵һõļȻһŮͷϣһһΨǴӣֺٰõľֹඪ˵
öľܸɣҲʽòԱۺ죬̾Լôûһ⣬ܼٶٷ°
룬ҪһŮʮа˾Ŷҡͷ̾Բ
˸˼ʱͻȻһͭű·ǧŰյľУ̨һŮӣŮ޾ףׯţһϮеĽϣ̨ļͭ⣬յӣƮƮ
ʶģǾΪˣʶģҲипǧ޵ΪβؽôŮҹ˳ҲΪȵ˴˿̣˸Ҳֻһ˶ˣ
Ԫ̨ãŮӸȻһݺݺϰ٣ɷԪע⣬ɧ
һϮ׹󣬷ԪͻȻһתӺߵǰ̨ƹһȦͬʱ̨һ꣬һ鼮һһţЩ󣬲˶Ǵһ¾ʶ֮ˣ֪첼ϵ˼ЩмǵķװܣʽҲǳԾС
ȻŮӣڿ̨ϵһ˶Żޣţµķװ󣬼ŮӶǰһСǿѣ޲ԼҲеķΣĿ̨һȦ
лԱԺ̨ɣװ룬⵱ȵһ֧裬д˺мҵġ
Ԫ˵˻ʼֻŷԪĸ̨ϵŮʱ趯һмȾѡĲϣ˿̾Ȼǵȱٵĵߣһ⻬Ĳƥ˿ˮ˻̨Ŷɲʱ̨°պ͸¥ϵĴٹǾޱȡ
ӱ˵ѰˣЩʶĴٹҲ˵ƽȾ洦ɼĲƥȻ赸һĿǷʵò˶ˡ
һУһпɾͲһˣЩ޲Ǵ²ƥ֮ˣСƹҡ
һߣŮƺµΪȻ˿Ⱦйһ衣
ٿһڴףײʲʺ磬żŮӵ赸Ų̛Ͽգ⾳ֵȾһ裬ϸøƽսյˣҲ̨ϵʺһδӣӵĿ
裬ȻȾƽչʺ磬ٺ⾳ıɣԺŮǵѾǽˣ˸ëԺвϵĸ̨ϵĸ裬֮һδ㽡
һգȫȻѻȸҲ֪˭֣ɲʱ䣬ɽХϮɱ֮ǰڻʹʱģ
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ܵԪĹȥˮż飬º̨ʼ׼ıݡ
Ƕ磬α뿪һԭİϷκοǵҪмҴ棬ʴ˲ŰһΣû뵽ЧǵԭһЧֱӷ˺ü
ڿϷͬʱϴĻӹܣк͹ǱСˣӹٵȵȡ
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֪СҪϷˣ⻹˵ą̃ܵʲôΪݵĺãݵ˾裬ʴ˲űģⲻ㲻˴һΣ´θ㻻ǣ·ʲôġ
ˣҪ֪ԺŮҲѾʼ׽ɫҪԣıһýɫҪһݼ⣬Ҫֺ÷ԺףҪڽҲΪԺıÿѡɫضһЩʮַϵŮ⣬ľҪ˭иĽ֧ˡ
ݳСһݣĨᣬݺһͷ󣬾̨渴ϰıݡ
ò˵⻰󣬶Һֱ׶СҲ״Ϸ󣬵ԭŮڱ׳УһԾһϺˮĳʱ̨ǿһƬ̾Ϣ𰡡
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ھˣûɹʱﶼϰµģο˶صӹδУöе
Ȼڼһʼİ֮ʿԭĻ磬ת䣬ྡ⣬̨µĻЦﲻϣգҲûٴθмҴ棬һмǵƷ
ֱʱŴӻûʧζУĻˡ
ôô
㲻Ҳڿ
ȣ濴濴˵˵ҺܺϷ롣
ݺÿ𣿡
Ҳ뿴
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ׯȻ󣬶ҿյؼ㣬Ͼǿ̲̨ͺ̨طפأ֮˵£ݰսׯݵˣֻһǧ࣬ׯΧ۵İĿʮһ
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ǶԺûвãǶûвˣĳӲŮӣĨˣ


594 ڲ
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ļƹӣӦŵһ׷ȥæˣöҲȥһʸʱõŻعɰ
ôˣöĿŵ𿴵ûãϾ̷ҳСʱ֪үү˶̾أֻƽôҲʣ컨ƵؾˣЩʮа˾Ŷˣʴ˲ԽԽûá
Ժݲż찡ȥңǮԽԽˣֻһ󰡣ǵȷͷһƽⶨָΪչ·ƥ࣬ɴһ궼Ҫˣˣǵ̵ĲϹڻ˹˷ͷҪˣҲͿеǺʱԵġ
˵󣬻һתͻȻֵ԰۾ܸɣϵǲˣҪ˵ϵϵϾϵҹűߵ·Ҫ࣡Ů㻹һɣ׬Ӿ͹ˣ
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˵ô࣬ɶǾ̸֮˭֪öȻϵһڣһ㶮ƨȷʱԵģûʸԺҪȫ¸ȥݰÿһأǸʲô㡭㡭
֮ƹ棡
Ŷԣ棬棬ٺ٣мǵ̣Ҫȫˣö˵⣬Ѿǽ䣬ϵӶâĪֱӡ
ŮҪ֪˼һʸҪȥģǸһǷѡһءȻҲʶĺôҪմȨģ˼һʸУмֻܱǣ
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ǵöׯʱȴûпʸӰ򼸸ŮҲ٣֮£ҪʱȻԺ׻
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ԪԶ㣬Ŀһɨ󣬱ȻһЦʩԭС㰡Ԫˣ
ѽҺ񰡣üɡöϲ̵Ц
ԪﵭȻһЦһáѯʵô˷ǰӦ๫ɡ
Ŷԣ֪ʸ˿ģö㶣ֱʵ
๫Ѿȥ˾УҪܻˡ
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597 
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ƺսӰϲɽУӰӦöԼҵķ
Ȼˣһ˻ƺӣ￴ȥȻܿϺˮǿԶʵľɸ̾лʸڣҪӵóˣ
ûдҲأ˴ҲأܸԼһϲǰ˵ʮ㣬ȴǸп
ԼҪŹأҪС鷳´˿̹ûһһ䣬ҲóȻжɳһӾŸأһʱٴˣҵаҲ޷ⱻо͵Ϯڣֻһ򣬾ȻͰѹڵоĶ٣ߵ粣Ҳһ֮С
ҪǶ๫廨ŵżգҪӦ
ңҲȫЩ粿ûǣһУԵȻĶ࣬õ๫õǲԲʹƣˡ
粴ΪлỹҪ๫һû뵽ֱգҲûˡ
࣬ȴĲ룬ܣ粺γˡ
ȥǹسغǱ̲д̺֮жһɽϿ⣬Ҳ򷢣ˣ׷
精´ûãŹأÿӲǧˣһӳֻǹһӳּ󣬱·ͻϮʱɱ
ǧڻأɱȥ
粽һֳŭǧֱɱȥ
ŹеԼҽʿ֪ôˣͻȻϮŵһɢɽ·УûܶԶͱļʸɱˣؽ֮£ֱʾɽɱȥһŷֶԷ䣬ԼȲ׷û׷ҲûӣǾģŹشͻȻɱȻдɱˣ
ô¶ģĪҾмϸɷҲؽе
ְǼϸҲô콫ϢȥɣϾǳǰһڹϼලģ˵ҳأն⣬Աְ²⣬ӦԼ¶ˣ
ôܣأҾɽУѵܷ첻ɣؽŭ
ĩͻȻһĪǴ￴ǵ٣
С򣿡ؽԣҲһҲȷˣֻǾԶٴҲСˡ
ǲˣ֮ܶоʲôʶҾٰϢȥɡ
ŹؽһǲǵҪɱȥͨ籨ʱѾˣɽ±̫࣬޹˼ɵĿ䣬ŵýʿֻܶľ󣬲¶תɽʸˡ
ɽս´ʱһ࣬ƺӱߣʮսΪǵомˣҪϺˣȻʱЩ죬ǾԶε֪ȻǴˣôҲҪȥǱоʶƣҲս˳ˮ°
ȻŸոտŹصİߣͻȻ䣬¡¡֮˷սľмɽʿѪ̼꣬͵һƬ
ôˣôˣ
˶˵оǹ
ʲôоǹ⣬ɽϵıأΪβɱ
֪Ǳɱ죬ǱоʶΧ˰ɣ
ôܣѵмϸ͸¶Ҿ٣
ǲǣ˵ɣǹ̫ˣ
֪ͨطĽʿϴƴˣ
ԣȻܽվ·ضϣͽǸϳȥŹؾܶʧ
ϣͷܣÿ죬ȥø죬תۼ˳ˮܳȥԶ
ϻǹоȥû׷ϣһ߲İĻǹһЦеɽֳ϶ȥ
ۣӿʼһʱŹر㱻׾ٵˣڹڵԾȼʱֻܿŹϵ۳㶷ˡ
Ϣʱò³ˣҪй룬ȻûͨǱΧɽˡ
һԹеĲ²ɾͶˣǵоϹèӣڼھУͨ籨ˣ
۵ղý³ʢƿˣǴ˼ᣬȻǼһƲᣬͲͬˣ˾Ļ۶ԴǶǶԵģ³ʢʱ٩һ䣬ͷסˣλҲҪˣ֮ܶ³ʢҪΪ˾ĸҪ˾ƨҪ棬ͣ˲ǰ;
ȥ޿κεĴһ
֪˿Ҳ鷳ˣ
ٽһƶ죬Ȼǽ־־ߣȻһŮˣҴ־ԴŮϹϾӣһһ䡰ʦŮҲ֮ˡ


599 ϰ
⼸չʮܣŹظƣѾȥʮ죬ʮǰֻǾŭ죬˯˯ţԳԲ£˶ʮɫ㲵˼㡣
粹̫ͣŹظƵڶ죬֣ݳǣ̶һڣȺţ֣̫ǰһŻ˵赲۳ƣɲ죬ŵڶ֣ݳǶʧˣ
죡ǰѣһ֣ݳǾȻͶʧˣ̫ز˵ûԾǴţƤ
粴ڹ֣ݳǺһ·ǳ⻹ǳڵΧܵ·߶оһǵһһֱǱүһı¶ǰ
һֱףΪļƲ˲䱻ʶƣ⣬δЩСԼˣԵõһֱ̣ʦ߸ɴ
Щȷѧ˺ܶ࣬ʾ粽ս´򲻹Ҳ˿ɡ
ʾϾʮֱ֪ǷĽ
˼Ȼܷ죬Ǹ޴Ƥ򣬾һֻ۾һ̣ͷ
ô죿ǵǿ˵һ㲣ȴʮַŭĿųдǡ
ϣٹٿ޼Ʋߣⲻ벻Թְ취˵üʸκǾ޴Ƥɵ̫ߣҾǽ̫Զʯ֮Ҳܹš
ӭ۳ͳĶ˼ҿɾǵǳӭء
о˷ҾǿͬϰңΨһмıӭУƴƣ³ʢ޾ɫ
뿪ǰ˵Ǹȣʿѵʱж̣ӭ򲻿ɡҡͷ
Ϊ֮ƣҲֻİ취нˣ³ʢ˵⻰ʱЩģԣּƲ߼ֱͷڹҴ˼ʮأԶԼܱȵģҲҺ˿Ҳû³ʢ˵ķ֡
³ʢԼ֪飬ԼԷϵˣǣȻ³ʢܲģòϣȷȲԷ˳ªޱȣ³ʢ٣Լһǿˣ
˼ô˵Ҳߵĺˣ뱣֤Լǰ;ˣΨȽ֮ƣſɽ֮Լһȥˣ
ˣѵҪˣһʹ
ò׵õƨɻûȱҪˣβʹ
˰ˣ߰ɡ
գǳճһЦʧΣһһײŵȥ
ܰٹȴֲҲ֪ﲻܡ
治֪Թܸɹǰѹذ
ܲܶɹһۣԹҪɱϼˣʵղҾȰģ粵ĳأͶɣʴҲˡ
׼Ͷ۳ɣ
۳ɲɣһͬ磬뵽۳ӺΪأֻССǲ֪û͵۳ǰԼǰ;һˣҿһǵɣܻϼĳд󳼡
룡ߣǲ׼ҪӾ˰ɡ
ûȻ۳ϿϾͳģձһҲҪ⳯д󳼵λ
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һĹٺȻɨһǰͷ³ʢѯ˵ף³˲뵱ٵ𣬶һ۳Ԫ˧ľʦӦú۳ɡ
꣬ˣһ룬ǲ֪ȴֻǵʵҵӣıûУⴵ޻ҳ룬ǽһ
ԭ˰ѹ˵һƾʲôܱҵȹλߣ벻Ǵı°
˵ˣʵҲûʸ˵˼ңҲǿŴλģһܼ򵥣ֻһżȻĻᣬܺһҿջȾƣʱ֪ݣҲͿӸ͢ĹԱ˵˭˭˭΢©ٳԼӦ˲Ŷԣ˵⣬⣬֮⣬ûе̬Ϊĵʢ˲ջֵֽˣ벻ɵ棬˵ڶ֮Ժˣû뵽ڶ磬һ̧˻ʹ
֮Ҳǰ̾ԼС󰡣֪ݺ󣬱㲻ǰˣǺ˽ͬİ·֮ƺˡ
˼³ʢӵʼͲϸӡ󣬰ǰʱ˵һЩͣ۵ԼԴϣⲻֱӴ϶Ʒɴ
Ĺ٣ʵ߻вٴҲͬ˼ղ˭Ҳûƣֻȫìͷָ³ʢ
һΣԼҿɲǾˣֱɥ֮Ȯ
ʾ죬ս黹û£Լұ㲻սӣ˾ͬʱҲо֮С
ԼҸûи̺۳ƴܻܸʲôһӣȴûеϰգΪˣһ粿νǱ٣ĳǣӭľȻǾսǰͣ
ûô򵥣Ԫ˧ĩ²⣬ԼҶûԭķӣֻҾ̫ͻȻû׼ʴֻܷ˱𴦿ɾͲ˵ˣҾòԼ޷ϢܲǵõϢ֮Ѱɡ絣ǵ
ͻж٣粲ʡ
ͰͰڻʸЧҲԽԽˣҲԽһƸף򡭡
ζķϻƪʱ粰ڰֵٴ֮ʱ̼ӵоһһ㴫Ǵ׷ֱ֮ȷ´سſͣ£
ǣ
˷ܵһȭתԸȥ
Чòνܼӵоͬʱõоﲻðƺ۶Ŭ޷ֻ۾һõоԵС
ڣ粸ֱ´ˣ޷ָʾԶ⼸УԶȻ˵ձˣѾԽԽ࣬精аÿһ
رվָս粸ӵӦ֣ҲΪѾϳսˣָӸӾȷ
һһ׷һ룬ٽһҰ֮أҲѾչһս
Ĵ󷽸̨üͷǰо˼
Ȼͬ󣬷飬һƬһƬϸɵ֪Щ˲ıжܵйҲлǹҵıֻϣӦǼѼԦģȻ֪Է˧ǺˣȻ磬
ѾֹһγԽˣһʼΪоű󷨣Ӧýѣ˭֪ɱʱоСתۼ䣬ļһµС飬Сϳǧɽ֮ɱŵձ


600 Ϥս
źڽĴ󷽣Ӫ֮У߾Ų豭飬еƷζš
˾һԵ־ЩľҪ֪оͳ˧Լıһˣ
ڵоǿѹ£ǰľʦȻֻǳȥһɨһ󣬻صӪȲ迴ˡ
е٣β־簡һʶս©ɱǱȻǱɽ
ʦսˣøɣȥգɽֹð־ʵ̲סˣ׳ӵ
˵־һιͳ˧ȻԼֻһӣͳ˧ǰɲŮ˰
ڴŮ־ʶ˺ܾˣҶĵ⣬ΪǴŮĸףɱĸףҲɱˣǰ֮Ůݯ
뵽ˣ־ʮֲʣкü뽫Ůһֱ¶ݣ۳ֳǣŮֻ赭дļ仰ͷˡ
־Ҫʲô߾԰ȡ
ڳޣǸθɣִⱨ𣬿ԣֻǳ߾ᣬΪߵĻѾȫǳ߾ˣҳ߾˶ٸ֣־Ȼֹ֪ЩͨĺС
ж־޵Ԩ֮֮Ůɷҡֱϣ۳÷
ˣǵԼƨˣȭͷӲˣС˰ɣ
־ûӱʮ겻ֻû뵽δĻԽԽСұһսȻ㶺ˣ߾һҲţ̸αء
ҪģԼԷ壬˵Լ϶һˣ
˶£ҲûбĻᣬֻǶʱ־ԣƺѾûκˡ
޶˼ҵĺйޣܹ󣿺İãǶ棬겻
־ľɾ治ͬˣ뵽߾ֻƲƲ죬һ䣺Сһʶ
ȻЩϻ˿̣սһüͷһУƺǳ߾һˣʵϣĹ۲죬Ѿͷˡ
Ȼ߾Ѿ²豭ߵԣкͷҲصȥ˾ʮ
ʲô
ԣ־Ǵһ͵о˴죬㾹Ȼ˵˾ˣѵ治ܴ򣿼ȻܴβˣҪýʿǶŴ̫վ˴ˣⲻҪˣ
ýʿЦ˾־Ϊɽţ߾ͷɨһۣʱ־һΪڳ߾ʱ߾ļĿ⣬ˢˢԸϣв
ãս㣬޹ء־һת뿪ſھʹ
ɽ˾˳תۼ䣬ԼǰֻʣһƬǽ塣
׷𣿡һʵ

ڰ֣Ŀʶһ۱ʣüŶҵ֪оͳ˧粣˺ܿܵо·˵оֻǣƣӦ칥ˣ׼ǣǰоƵ粣
ܱ߻δƽоɱˣʱҵӦǺð
أ
ֻǼ򵥵˵һ֣תͷ¸̨ʧͷܼĴС
û鱨ƺѾʶ۳սԣܷ۶ۣշԥݣǰǣ󣬵ɶԷԸ
ǣδʾϣٴɱˣֱӹǣ˱˵ؽˣյ鱨ȲѸϻҲˡ
˼˵ʹ򣬸ɴ䣬ˣͬưһͲ˵ֱӿˣһǴٹǣһһûа
ȻؽϻԮסҪǵоˣʱһͻȻͳݹһԵкϳ¥ŵǵûüγͳֿȭĺ͵оһ
׼ɱʱһﾹȻһУֱ֮ززˡ
Ȼ˵ǣ󣬲ҶĻᣬıҲв̽³
սôоô찡ؽŭ
ǰսȷЩ죬ؽ뵽һˡ
Ӧòɣ⻬СڶӪҪˣ
⣬϶ҪһΪؽȻǵ걻һٶϲǵԥ¿أ
ϲһսУģɱ¥ͯĺ˧죬ڱһȣŪľĲȣۿ¥ҪʧأҲȫˣȲֻԥ¿˾ӿ
Ȼλޣ֪ȻֻǴǧˣȥȡຼϲ֮£ɱ֣ɶǴܶ飬Ȼı࣬ɵʱܵѹ£ҾΪһǧ򳤶ٵԼĴ
ʴ˲һӾȫȥɵˣҲԼĵ⽫죬Ըһé®ķ򳤣ֱֵΪʲôأ
һʼȷףһ㴫ص鱨֪ԷоȻһԼһȥֱӱоƣͶԷξͲ˵ˡ
ڶˣһˣȻԷƺһ֪ҪѰһȻһɽҰĽʿȥһѴֱӸջˡ
֮ļΣҲű˳ȻðͳǧȥΡ
ͺñȽһԷһԾʹһƹòѺ󣬶ԷѾ̳֮ززˣ
û󱲣һʱ䱻ԷŽ˲ãǼʴɱһ¾Ҫһĥ˵սˡ
ݣȻܣȴŻװİһ·ӵȵأͶؼңκ˼ҲҪƺҪͱؼҵ̽ɵˡ
˺ü꣬ҲֱϮƣݣ
ԹȱˣҲ˵ˣʴ˲ûзԣֱίΣΪ̫ء
Ȼûǰߣʤڱ⼸ƯǿҲ׼ԼҴһ
ɽƺеùˡ
˵ˣһĳ嶯ѾܵϢ精Ȼڶ̶ʮڣһǣƵټǨƣֻʶӡ
ڣƫƫͱԷƵô粽УǺã
ʦѲ³֮˭ˣʱͻȻڵ
üһ˭
ڣ
ţڣ
һͱ
ͻȻ˫۷Ź
ţʦĪʶ˾ٶһ㶵
Ŷ֪Ǽ۳ʸΣ
ʲô
ǳˣôͳ۳ʸأ߹ϵɲһǰ˰ɣȫǰ˸ӴŵĹϵ
һǳé®ǧ򳤣һС˵־ҪĻ
һմ۳ʸһǹţҪҲǰ۳
ȫԵȵˣôͻһأδ̫˼˰ɣ


601 ֪֪
Σ뾣սݲð˭˭ӮõôĵȻˣ۳Ůʣò˶ãСӳƵ˰ɣ
ݺݵţһͿأΪϲһսԼһʱ˧죬˵óѣԻУŵýʿ֪ˣʱµĴѾɱˡ
һУȻǰͣڼԼҺվȽŸɱݣնɱϴ裬˴֪ھȻڼǰͱɻƺ˺ûмصຼְ˷ܵͬʱҲ޲˴ˣΪ˻ź
û뵽˾Ȼǵ۳ʸ֮࣬ЩϲϾ귢Ҫֽ֮ڱûǲܵġ
գ㳯ȭ࣬㰲ȥɡ
˵⣬ƺԾڳҲһҪһԶתһ룬ƺʲôȻпЦɫֻǵƽ
ǣĩ䲻ţ֪оͳ˧Сӣĩұ֤ս£Ρ
˵εϲһսУ׹ʱԥ¿أǰˣϲʱν˲Сĳ𰡣
ƽҪزǲɣԹɶʧĳǳأϷݣݣ۳ȵȣ˵սϣƽֻأвɳӭУ
⻰вãҲ֪Ϊأʴ˱ظ֤û⡣
ȻǰͰܸΣһ̣˵ߣС˶Էʴ˲ŻóƵ³˶ǻ᳤ģΪһС󣬱¼ãͳҲʵʵǿƣֻǹĸɣҲòϣԼĶ֡
سҪԵĹƲ࣬ԣȻϵ˼ǰջǾҪԮ˵ܶʧ£ã
˺ϼһҲٴʾƵϡ
֪һж߾ǣˡ
õԥ¿أȻįˣҪ֪ڳ߾кѡ
һܼǰݺͣ߾Ҳʮ˵ͳս߾Ҳ֪֪˵£ⳡҪδѾڳ߾Ժǧٻˡ
εս޷Ǿǵнˣҽ䲻һƹӱµսµıԣƹŪ飬ʵ򾭳õоԿ١
εĺޣһ̾ͲѴˡ
Ψһѳ߾ֻ֣ܺһǱ߽谭ԼҲֻʱ⡣
߾ȵ𣬵ȲҪǳ£ֻǳ߾Ҳû뵽ûãʱŶȥ
ĪҪҹǣ߾ЦЦԴȴᡣ
ߺ죬½ȵ˻䤱վڳǽϵؾ޲ǿĨֹ
챾ȣҪվڳǽϱɹƫƫһУһҲͰˣȥĺҲܲ𰡡
ŽʿǵıԹҲǴüͷ˵оӪʮ⣬Щ룬֪ͳ᲻֪㲻ʲôɽʿȥϢоֻҪһȷϵ£֮ǽ֮ɱɡ
ȥڳϢУʱֿ̱ս׼
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣гһˣչݣƳɲˣϼС
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¥ϣؾԽԽ֪䣬Ȼһ˻ɹһ죬ó߾̲סһ͸ԶtܿЦˡ
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־ȻҲ֪ǰʸ˸ոһݻԥݣΪ֮ɻһﾹȻ˵ʲôҪԪ˧ȥǱĹޣֻǧ־Ϊ̾˶λ
˳ǲ칥ƣһҲռݣԪָʱɾˡ־
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־ѹûǹض·ΪǺͶԷ࣬ϢĵطһסľͷһסʯͷȻ֮ҷɢȡоɽƣ˷ɱӣʱ˽ʿͬʱһѾսǣȳֺõ룬ɵӲŻ
߾˲㿴־һŵıģЦһ˻У깥ʱضսʤȱ£ķ񲻿ϧ
ʲô
־ԣ
Ҫ֪깥ʱɲһȥǮҲڳǱ·һһҹͬض֮ǰҪǵ˧㣬ĵ𣬶ԼȻɴ£ɳȥʮа˾Ҫ
вУʦǴδ֪հһҲǷ֮ӣ˼ĩˡѴ
Ҳûȥʲô
Ǽ٣ǶҪȥɣ־յ
㻹ûϤ۳ǿ󣡡߾Ŀ⣬ֱ־һһֿĶӵ־Ҫֺƴˡ
ǰ䣬û׼Ҫʤѣڣ۳ǹ½ս˫һһҪȡʤǲܣԪ˧Ǵ͸ٻǹ㻹ҴŸʲô
⻰־ĬȻˣ߾ԣǹսƵһҲ˵ģǹ̫ˣһͬĿϸһ⣬۵Ҫ
ƺڲˣⳡҪϵʲôʱܴ꣬־Ǳ֪ǹҪͬʱҲ֪ǹĵӵʮþǾ仰һӵһˣ˵ǻʸԪ˧˵ģһʼû˵£ڻǹձӵȱ
־ȻӵĽ֮һϾһҪõЩǹǲװڵõˣӵҲֻǧһӵɵһ˻أʱһԵɱʮ߰˸ǹҲ㹻־ƵѪˡ
ʦԪ˧Ĺϵһ㣬ɷ񡭡
־˵һ룬ͻȻס첻̸ˣ߾Ȼʲô˼ȻһЦԣ
ģ
ҵĻô𣿡
ĩ֪ˣ
־ϲòǹõһЩӵҲð
־㰴ճ߾İţʼ׼Ƶȥˡ


602 ۰
⼸ǳ⣬Ҳɲ⣬ֻСʩһƣ۳˲ã֮µĴãȴûְ
⼸գѾּӵоһһ˵Ȼ˵оС
СҲԸֱ޴
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飬־ǰҲԼĲıȥɹֻǴδɹʴ鷳ˣһ䣬оǲͶֱӾͿ
ʵⲻ־޴ԹűйΪϹΪ֮˵Ҫʵ飬һԸԼҺܺãʺ־ǰսϡ
־һʼݺެҪެͶϳˣǵϳĴƣ仯ȥЩެĵ۶Ҳ˵ܲܰȫ㵽ˣܷŻ˵֮ˡ
֮⣬ף岻ͬҪǲݵĽ֣Ͷһ˵ѹû˼Ժֹ
Ϲ룬ʱǿ׳ֻΪλɹ£лɳˣǴҲʮּ࣬һ·ϣͶߣȫûиܵĵزĻΪӣ֪ʴȻſսʿˡ
һ飬ĲţΪһٷģҲΪǰ̵ģǺ޷ٸ޷Ūıİտ಻ԣһݣҲƴˣǺ±ˡ
Ĳŵкܶ࣬ûжԴΪ˻ţ˱ҪϺӣֻ˶·ҲΪּˣ׷ã
ǵĳŴ󿪣һϽһͷ­־ʱ־Цˣ


Ѯ裬վһͷԵĸߵأżƺӴˮûͷип߰£ͱˡ
ׯڸյѾˣ׵Ҳ˴׮磬ϣҪʲô©ⳡ󣬲ٵҪˡ˵֮ˣһϮĹٴ磬ȴۣһϼ޻ףȻζ겻򸮰߲ţ
߲Ѿ򸮰ˣѾ㹻Ĺͣң֮ѧڣֶѾڿξ˳ѿҲְˡ
Ҫ˵ʵ򸮰Ѿ뿪ߵïЩĻۣѾ뿪ңɵĹˣֻϰû߲ŵҰӣҲͼ򸮴š
ŲŲóһλ߲վһԣſڵԼ뿪ʱ˺ڴݣһڰӳԽӺӶȡݣȼü٣ǵó󳼲ãϾݶݱҪȼӺģԺ᳤ʱСǸ㴩СЬ
ǺǣӶˣĴ˰æֺģԥս´죬Ӳȥˣ棬Ͳ·˷㣡
һ⻰ιһЦҡͷðѾˣҲϲˣԼְɡ


606 㲻˵Ǿ仰
ŶӷƵ飬߲ŸоܾȣïǲͬΪ뷨ܶ࣬ڹ۲죬ͬʱ뿪ߺüˣϸһƣȻ⡣
߲Ҳֻǵӳˣ뵽ǻһء
ӣѧһ¾ˡ߲һǴߴһ¡
߲ںڰѧϾˮѧ̫ɹⲻһͷͬʱҲ룬ܶѧ죬վտĲܹɽ
˺õ룬Ϊڿξ߲ţȻϣԼĹϽҲĽѡ
ѧһ£һ飬Ҵѧľ飬Ȼ㲻ʲôʥʥ䣬·Ҫ԰£ǲԣֻǺûϤҪҵҲ֪ȥδЩСȻˣҲòκˡҡͷЦ
ʹˣڣ߲֪ӾˣҲѲӣʴҲڷϻ
ͷ͵㸮ϡ
˵⻰ֽɡˡ
߲ſεıӰãͻȻЦһԸ˼עƺˮλ󣬱Ҳȥ
ҹڷпһ㶷ⲻǼ飬Ǿ飬ֻͨͨһţֻ֮˵Щ鷳ݸ鷳һʱ䶼֪ξ
֮ˣεĶˣѺڣȵϰӹ׷д֮˲ϣϺѣɺȥĪ
ĪԼұĴԼҷûиȥһֱں
֪粱Ƴв̣ڴ顣
Īоȼ֮ǺزԶĪƺҲ֪ˣдƹǷŹԼң
Ҳϲ޶ֻŹԼңԼһŹ
λȨأҲðգҲ²֣Ǻһ֣ʮҪֵȥ죬ǱŴˣ
ɱ£ȻһŮˣŮ˻Լţ﾿жƾͱˡ
γһΣȻΪڣĵڶҹڷʱԷȿˡ
һ̣Ȳ۶ԴһˣΣһԼŮˣҪɱİţԻԥɱ֣Ϊ˺ܼ򵥣Ҫİǳأһʱ嶯ʴˣѡȻǿ׵һߣкԥأ
֪粺ͬѾٸ򣬾ͬҪŪǷӺйᣬȻ˼ɽˮֲ˼ֱд飬˽˺ֺңд飬Ŵûнܡ
ô룿ûѹûھΣ˭֪أ
ҪԼҸǱɣҺܿ粵ĵ£һһˣҲζʲôûо֪ǿ϶ܣ
Щβ뵽ԼԽΪʲôѻǹҲˣûܿͳһ£Ҳڱɹ̲һ뽮ʷܻܿع鵽֪Ԫ壬۳Ůˡ
СûˣǵһɧԼǺοأ
۰
һ̾νյֽҪش£ͻȻ䣬ˡ
˭û
ҡ⴫
ҹģʲôƵ
Ȼˡ˵꣬ҲδӦˣȻֱƿš
һϮжװ磬Ӣ쪵СͻȻŶ룬οЦһ£˵ɣһҪ˯ء
Ǹ
ͻȻͨ죬ʮָźһһ䣬һСɵ
л˵ƨţƨȥš˵ţһ䡣
⻰ɫȣŤãڵ뿴ۣ
ɶ
γͣһ㵵Сӡ
ߺǽ˵ģ˵ۣ֪ʲôˣҲ֪ܺҳԣһܿ˰ɡ
⻰γ𾪻𾪣оԴѣûģﰵСӾѧģĻԼ֪ûмλðСץһأ⻹û̸ۼ޾˼ҹҳۣ⡭ϱӶأ˵˶ᰡ
ⶫԼûŪýæ㲻ڣͱˣԺ˿ġҡͷԵ
ƭˣҿдˣԼŪ
һ־ˡ
ɶ飿ɶ飿㡭òῴɣ
˵ţƺ뵽ʲôͻȻһĴȵѹְѾû¾ϲ㷿һϰ죬Իѧʲô°
ǽ͸ҿ£ͻȻ
һаСӣͻȻһȥ
飬Ѿغ£Ҳ˵ڲںһ㣬ƾŴ֪°ҪŮźţһ¸ϢˣһѼɤ¸ˣͬ⡣
Դŭɫһһ죬ȻһǸƭӡ
ΪһûӰˡ
ƭʲôˣƭҲĻԣɶΪð
ҡͷһ̾Լǰţſ½ϴ˯
ҹʪĽֵ£һƵٻӰ类ĺӣ֪ȥδӡ
ٻӰеһҾ¥֣Щ˳ĴڳںȾƣƺȾٻӰ̧ų̋ףһգ֮ݣȻոմһƭӵ
ߺλС㣬ҪԷסСƼ˽ǰкɿ˾µպ󣬲һԼ˶ҲãջЦš
һġָŲԶĸΧһƲ˵
⡭СԴ󾪣ģûһôģѾĻһϸƤĴˣ
ĸԣҲǳһĿˢˢòƺԴ˲٣һ۷ŽâɨɨȥǾòһŮеӢ֮һȻֱ㶵Ŀ˼ҵؿڣҲ֪Ǿˮǹ£Ȼ֪
ĸһҲˣЩֻЩһһһԵú˸룬ֻûһۣƺȫġ
ָ˴һ󣬱ȫûע˵ĻߣջĿ⿴򷢴ĵСô𣿡

СҪѯǷһˣɻû˵ͻȻһϮŵСԴͱһűҪİƸˡ
һȥ
ĸеһԱ˳ûӣһ˫ĿڶݺݵĵһŲĵС󣬱תϣ˫һУСҪȾƳ⣬һ˶ȤҪҪ
⺺ӻû˵꣬ͻȻһֻϸİĽӴϣ󺺾͸оСʱݺݳһ⣬ת˺üȦĵĵڵأǲźͨͨϸӡðһ䣺Ϊɶ
һĻʵɵ˲˰ڿһƵ˺˸𾪣ǳһŮӵ֡
Ŀе·ûһ㣬ӵĴҲں㲻˵Ǿ仰


607 
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ջУûǿٷ֮ɼ˿ǰĿˣǸޱȡ
һңʾ㲻֪·˵صĹ·ˣҲһʲôͷͬ¼κ
ֻջĸ׵Ĵ󺺣˲ĵڵϣһʮ˾꣬žװӢ쪵Ůӣ˫Цߺˬˣлˡ
ĸԣŭ־尡ղһ˱ŮһȾƣֱӿֺŷˬһĪͰ˴ŮһƣΪԭ򣬾һ䣺һȥ
ӽеǵСû
󺺷ӦǲȻŭҪѵŮⲻֻãһ֣֪զأȻеڵϣһǻ۰
󺺼Ʋæû£˾ȫڵˣһ׵ĺͷƵãΧ۵ĿǾͣš
˵ĿȻ⣬ֵߵһſ£ֺȵСŸʲôϾƲ˰
СѾɵˣ˿һ⣬ҹȥСħṴ̊ƹӲϳʹɫΣСֻӭͷƤǰλŮҪʲô
ŮǺǡ
һϲƺƺΪ⣬ЦЦǵּ˶Ҫһ̳õơ
֣ŮԵȣ
СԷԼҲСģͻȻҲˡ
Ʋ˺ܿˣСЦһ󣬱˾䲻ǣȥźˡ
˿̣ĸڵϵĴҲѾվͷּ䣬ݺݵĵһķһͬ뿪ջ
Դ˺⣬ȻһϷйһͨȴûأҲˣʴ˸ɴͺȾơ
ƿǺöǷգӱʵȻòӱܣǱ˺ȳ⣬в֪ΪʮֲˬҪһл˵Ǹ˾ϲŮ˿ѾĽȻС˹ƺ۾Ǿ䱦һ±˸ˡ
ҵˣǺǡ
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ﻹδǹ⣬˵и˵๫ӣ֮ҲֻǹŪǰ̫ᣬһ͸оۣߣʮа˾նԼأҪã
Ȥ
ЩӵĶ塣
˶ǣզûһ˳۵أ
ȻĽϽ㣬Խĸܺãʱд޽һʼﻹΪҪЩ˷ģǺͽӴú򣬵ȷܸоĲһЩ秵ˣƺĲɻܲˣΪˣϽ㾹ȻΪд˱ʫ˴λƷƷСٶѧѧʵ￴ҫ
Ͻƽ￴Ų̰ͼ»ʵҪһΪΪСܳϵȫĵСܣĹϵɣ֮⣬Ͻ㿴Ҳ˾ģʵûһĲ˵͵͵صЩ飬٣ˡ
˵ǰ˵ӣǵϴεˮ棬ԼҲʶˣȷ˺ܺ棬Ȼѧ䣬ϽԼСܽһﱻԼ˴èӾͬ󣬼ԼĴܣ㲻˾û˿ģ뵽оˬ뵽ղԼҪаٳ轣ûְս£ܲˬ
Ҳˣһ˵ںأ̽һƺԼߣȻ˵㲻׼ˣͳ޺Ľһ˾ǽһȦȦҲأҲ̽ԼȴôҲȥԽԽҪ꣬Ǻ˽󵨵Ҫ
κΣ˼ҽһȥöˡ
Сӣһ˺ƾư
ʱһߵ࣬ݶ΢Ц
￴һִۣ˳úӢƤ׾׷Ͻˣüȴһ˵ƺһﲻǺˣܿó
ֻǳòĹ֣Ⱦơ
һ븹ˬﲻԾһҪڵɶҪˡ
һţûпŮһۣʵŮ类ǧ飬Ȼ֪£
ȻҲĸӱѵĳ棬ȫûк£ΪŮˣͱ죬ҲһŮˣŮˣҪҪ۲쵽ڣѾˣ
飡
һأŮҪ˹أȻҪŪ˺ۣҲʱ򣬴ֻҪõһ׷
һǰ뷨Ǳ֪׼Ҫջֽݰˣ뷨οɾͲҹͬˣҲΪˣϱʮ꣬ȴڣΪϲ¶ǵˡ
ǰĸһ޴ûŪ˼ҹĵϸҪ¼һˣҲͶʯҪȻҲ֪˶Ȼһգ˵ӹϱӵ޼ζ԰
뵽˫۲һУϰԵĶΪ֪͸¶뷨ĵط˫ۡ
СӲǺʿŪãһأ
⻰Ϊʱ䷴ʣ棬˵Լʿһ⻰Ҳչˡ
磡˵Ҳʿ
Ȼû⾳ͺѯ
һ֪˳룬Ȼʹ˵㣬۵ĲУϹŮǳª޲ȥһ𱬣û˸Ȣ
ŶСˣݲԶӺʿ⼽֮أҲˣСӣС뵽ϼҵһƬãɳУһߣۼС֪ûȥˣ˼а
ȹϳɣĸ̾һͻȻµĿͬʱһƨ棬Ц֪Ǻʱļݣܷϸ˵˵ҿ̫ˡ
ȻǾϵ֮仰˼Ҷ棬СӸҳӣӣмӵζ⻰ﵹԵЩҲΪ˸оǳסԭˡ
ɲðЦɳػкκ˵
⡭
һͿЦ˵ҲǣҲ֤뿪ûãٹ꣬ǼɳУ
ǡ
Цһƺ鶯ĿЦѵ¼䣬ûĵطһһ굽ͷҪᰡ


608 ջ
գżʶĳΣŮܱ²˵ˣģǽʵʣ̸˵أ̸ãˣ˵绨ѩ£˵Ρ
ףײͰ
òˣƨˣȺȤŮˣҲ˦ֵ¡
գҡͷһЦ̾ᣬ˲֪٣ֻ˲֪ϸҵᰡǵġ

Դ󾪣ˣֺǣ֪Ůʹˣ
Ȼһ仰ûѪˡ
磬۾ˮ
⡭
㶣ƺûףֵǸϿһ£˴ûˮоƣ͸Ƕһӱһ£
һа֪Ѿأװء
ӣ˵⾳ͺñʫһһƺ֮ˮ˵ֻ⾳ƺ֮ˮ
ңȤ
һĵı飬Ȼһʱ侹ȻԶԡ
ƺ뵽ʲôͻȻ˵ˡ
ɶһ㶵
ҽ򽲿ʱ˵ƺ֮ˮҲ˵䷲Ϫۺӣ󺣣;ƣٳɶ࣬ٴ£Ϊ˵ֻأ

ѾˣЩƺԶԡ
￴Σǵ⣬̾ԼȻȥˮѧ򽲿ΣֻǱŴţȻһÿκƺ࣬ƺ֤ܴ
Ӳѧţи羴尡˰죬ŹЦ
ǡ
Сһ͹һڡ
ı飬ȻڸղŵУѾˣŮܱ
˫ȫ˵ʱеŮӣǸˣ˵ţƱ;
Ҳٴһ
ܱĿɰЩհ
˵ţٴξٱҲٴκ
Ǻһñһ룬ٺãҲܲסȿడ
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ջ˶˶ߣǱŶһ²һ£˭ҲҲκϣΪ׵˶֪˵˵ˣѾͷ̺ڵ״̬Ҳ״ܷܿһء
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ˣдϲ͵͵оƣдģĸһ룬һٴγﾴȥ
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ƺΪղŭģƾͷͻȻ˫һۡһſϡ
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ЦһͻȻҲװģͳһӣ˦־;ޱȵڲԶ㶷ĵС
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Ȼ⻰˼ǺҪ˼ҹֿס˭ףѾҪӵͬʱҲƷأ
СŵĿһƹӣƹӵͷڰ֣С׺һ̾
Сͺ£һεε˶˸ˣԳݵ΢Υ˼ңʴҲֻǰͷ͸ںͷһŮֱӽ˶¥᷿ǰߵ
Сƿ䷿ţҪȥͻȻһӸСӵ֣һ֪¹Ǯ֪ΪΣӲ˲ȴеۡ
һ䷿󣬲ûŸˣһ俪ŵ᷿ȫᣬСһ̾Ҫ뿪ʱͻȻʲôĿڵϡ
һƣϿһա֣ʻԾϸʵع㣬ȻѰ
ʲôЯƵˣƺݶ򵥣С»֣֪̿˭ģҲͰˣǹģǿɾˣ
㲻ݣԷ£ȻҲʲô֮һԷļҵױȹֹѰ·ˡ
ǵСҲʲôǺƾܵƹǰ͵͵˵˼䣬ơ
ƹӿҲǴһɫɲʱ԰ֽ
·ͬСɣ룬˭ģƹʵ
֪ղߵļˣûע˭µģզ찡Сص
𼱣
ƹӴ˿ʵȵСΪͷⲻΪ˶׬һ㣬Űѵ꿪һǹģԼ£ͷҹˣԼڣҲԻˡ
ģڴȥֹײ𣬵ʱͷѪⲻˡ
ƣţٲ󣬾˵ǿջ񵽵ģʲôйϸʴ˲͹ƣסǧʲô˵ģ
ˣ
Сͷ뿪ջȥ
ƹӴ˿һʱ䣬ϵӦû·˭ģǾͲ˵ˣֻҪǰѼһ̽ȥɶ
ǺƹĥȥһʱͻȻ䣬һȺԲĺڵĴ˽һھһ䣺үģСأ
ƹһ̣һƽǻẦµҪɽܿһӲĲ¥أ
Ѿãȵľǣ
ƹһȴǺЦλ͹Ҫ˭
İӸˣͻȻһǰһŭ
ƹӱһ˵ģһҲʶһͿǸˣ֪һΪͬһͣѾ֤һУ


609 ҹѾ
᷿·Ľڴϣڴߣžµգɸ̾ˣȾָ٣ոǿŮˣͷһ⣬ʱм֣¹ҲţҪ½
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򣿡
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ٺ٣ɧӾȻ˼Сͷͷ㣡
˵꣬Ҫ֣ͻȻһ
ƭӣС

һ㶣ҡͷһЦŮʮа˾űƭƭʲôᣬǰҪ
һţţĿſӽ⿪Цķһǣʱɫ廨СǶ·߸߳𣬱¶Уɴ۾Ӳ°ͣһεεڴϡ
ߺܲˡ
ֱҪСǶͻȻһ򣡡
ˣҲȲ㿩
ЦһҪ֣Ƿšءһֱӱ˸һ߿ˡ
򣡡
ǳ֮ڣ
û취һڽһڽĽţͻȻͿһŶ룬󣬾Ծѿڶ
ǲʱԾˣⷿű߿һӾȻӿʮˣǻɫģȻ֮ǰϵĴ˱һٵĴ
ɫʱɿץסǶ֣תվӴ󺺵ʶĸҹȥݹ飡
˶󺺣Ծ֣ͻȻڳԣֱȫûѴǷ
ЩƺҲû£һ׵ĴָŴϵǣ
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ҲֱڣΪ׵Ĵ󺺻Ŀһɣһȥ
ȴǲµĴЩˣȻڵӰϴҲҺ˵ڸһλᣬٲ߾ͱˣ
һ´󾪣Ӱ˵ʲô˿ǿ鲼ڣض˹ݶķڳƽ侭ܶŹЩЩСĴӲ·棬ϴСģЩ˶֪ϴ˭ֶֻ֪ѣҲֻڰе֪Ȼֱϴ䣬һʱҲ֪Ǽ١
ڲҰΪ״ЦһȻ
Ǿ˵ǲˣͻȻ¶Цݡ
Ϊ״ɲ壬Цһ˵һ䣺͵񣡡ͻȻ䣬ͬʱǰҪһ١
˵ʱʱ죬ڴ󺺶ʱͻȻ˦һǣֻһһţգۼһͻȻҽһסʹˡ
󺺲׷תͷȥʱ¾ޱȣֻҽеĴұ۾ϣ֪ʱȻһϸĩ纬ŵһ
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̫죬˶ûһͬˣһ˵˲ѪҪʱ޷ֹѪʮа˾Ҫˡ
һ֣ɱ֣˴ǲûĽˣǻû
һ
Ϊ״ŭһԼҲԱ߳һӣͳȥ
Ҳ׷Ҷӣ򳭵Ƽܣ׷кȥ
˫ȭѵ֣ݣҲҺͶ˶Ӳ
Ӳһ㣬˫ǽ̤һ˦ʱһ󺺲棬Ѵߵ÷Դһһȥ
žžϴдͬʱҽУƹºȻ
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İɣƹ뵽⣬ȻЩ£ȴûлңϾ£ЩǹģײϣȫС޹ذֻϣǱ̫ණʧԼҲóܰ
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612 ħһߵһ
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ܵرҪȻǲˡ
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ǹײûҲ˵˼ڰĿеԱ棬⣬һûʲô˺ʲôܲ


613 Ҫ
ǧ㣬ƫƫû㵽ԷȻ׼飬Ȼ϶˹⣬ò˶ãؾػ׷¼飬ûаյİƾЩˣֻбԷ³ˣ
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֪ЩҶһЩִţҲִŲųɾķ٣УǮΪȨı˽ȻҲΪġ
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أӦڸһλᣬҷһִԲҲֻˣҪģ᲻ƣͿûⱾˡ
⻰ŭȵСң
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ôˣ㲻˵ѵղ㣿
Ҫα䣬ԭܼ򵥣ֻҪʴﻻѣϾռҵŮǾԴˣΣЧɾͲͬˣ۳ŮʵϵԪ˧๫ʣԼȻ͵ĺôԶܱȵġ
вͻȻɫεָ߲š
Цһҡͷ
˫һвֵ
Цҡͷ
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κ߲ŵľٶЩ⣬룬α㳯ȵ˰ɣС첲СȵģһҲۣҪҪʸ㴭
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λãĺˣһƣһתֳָָ㣬дʵ˵ðֻҴֻ϶ҴұʱҪߵҴʱҪЩ˰ɣһСıӽϵʸԼŪ㣡
һѵѾͷˣθ˵꣬ŭ򲻴򡣡
ߺȣ㻹ôҡһߣ
˵ʱʼƵҲԶˣͻȻһתƾȻһš
ͻȻţȻŭЦһһһƣ㽫δһιŭתһֵͬʱлߺȵն
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Ѿģ㲻ˣ㻹ӲһУ
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ϳŪ֮ɫŨ֪ʱϷŪһʱ򣬻ǸϽ£֮زز
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һâֱʺһˣֻһߺ졣
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κ߲ſʼ߲ž͸оˣӲƽ޹ʵʴ˱µĿŶӱݣ룬Ҳ벻һУﲻЦѾĿ湻İ
һ轣Ѿ߲֮һ֪ԼǶӶˣοͬʱҲɲɻ
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һֻӰ裬е꿴үչʾʱľŷƣ㲻˵ǽϽ𣬵̴ˣǾûġ
һ竱һ֣ҪŬԲСӣ߲Ų㱻жˣи̾ǳˣ
Ҫ߲֪˵ʵҲû٣ֻÿ˯ǰְˣ轣ģʵս̫Եʣʣζ֪զ£ֻԼ˹棬Ѽѧš
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سǵ·ϣˣһ۱㿴ɫڳţô
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ſ壬Сѩ׵ĸϣȻһƬףҷΧͦ󣬴ӿɰСֱû䡣
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СӣϸۣСӷΪʲô˼ҷỬвʧԣСӵģӲȱֱ֮й֮޲һġ


615 
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⻰ǳ״ãҲһ죬Ͻֵһͷ̫ѨĨϡ
ҩȷЧͿĨ˲ͷ·ţ뵽ղŻ꣬Сһ죬Ͻ·ֹй
ε˻ص³ʱ³ѾָƽѹͲ֪Ϊֵ³һһҹðҲûнͣȻȥˣαأֻǸԺ뿪뿪ҲȥȾƣѺݡ
òξ棬ҲҺˣǺܺõģֻǲ֪ΪʲôͻȻˡ
ƽ￴ţҪȲǲУֻһȣȻˣҹһ˲ϵƨƣһڿȥȵججûƾһͷȻ͵ˡ
СͻסƺԴۣϻһɾɧζʴˣԼΪʲôڳ⣬Ϊʲôһۻ룬Ҳˣֱ굽Ѿߵˮϴ衣
ûֱϢǵһӪȻۻ㱨ƹ˶ץˡ
αڵģȻ˵棬ƺãҸɵĶǻҵ룬ֵԹڣʴˣβ֪˻ж٣ǷĳЩˣЩ֯ɾڵĶӣƽ߰
һΣշӣһ㲻ãͬھοˡ
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㣡濴κһͻȻƿһ㣬һ¹ҪȾҰֻҪңʲôֻҪܸȫ
յĺϴﲻɸп֣СطĵͻȻ𣬶һûٸֱ漣漣ôȻˣȻǹٸˣǿ϶ٸˣ
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ԣȴûʲô˷֮ɫҲѹ֣˰۳ŮС̵Ĵ£Ψ·һˡ
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Իһú޾ɵǺϵҰ飬ҪҰæҰæĳһЩåƦҪǮѡ
ʲôˣƾʲôܰٴʵ
Ҳ֪ʲôˣֻ֪ºӰԵϴ󣬶ĪˣҲֵġ
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Ƿϵ˵ִ꣬ɵĵͷˡ
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⻰жʱȼһ˿ϣܿˣΪ治֪롣
أֶζΪֽ͸¶Լ룬ӴʵҲû٣ʱ䶼̣ܶһҪǮҪˣ˵ߣദõģͷһ⡣
뿪Ӫ󣬿һɫ۳˼ãŴ뿪
գһ߲ţѯʶ롣
߲һֱⶫĶ򣬶Ҳֹȥбкܾδİɡ
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ڶǰӱƺƹˤõҲˡ
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֪Ѿûʲô֮ҲͷˣȻ֮ᷳ룬̲أǵĻ¹ǿǰ۳һæˣ翹ס
תۣ¹ȥˣʱһֱ³ǣʱ͵ӪҹȺȲ裬⹱治֪ˣҲͱģ͹̸̸ùƵĲѪڻ
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Ŀô˾ͻȻϲɽţɫ㽩ӲˣΪתȥǰɱ
ǲְ
ʹı۾ƺܲս̴壬ƺʹࡣ


616 ۳ս
ʲôˣޱȵĿŵϥ¹ǰС
ǣǵ࣬ɽоɱˣСĻ
ܣ粣Ҳ˶̵ʱһ·ϣ֮ҵϢǵоԻҾϵ
ǰϢǧȷܵĽʿˣüٰ
ɫһͻȻγ彣ֱӴСĿڣСԶûüһһغˡ
ȥҹ̸ȥɽȳ
Ȼţɲţһ֪ȷˣİųǵо̫ӦܰȫӵȻһֻ۾ʱ̶ڼһһΰ
Ƶ̫ˣǰŸսǣûüԶٱ粺žͰѳǸˣֻܼ·ҪնԿоİѷʲôʱִа
ÿһ˵Щʿʱֱӷˡ
ҪĴƣֻÿ죬ıûʩչŸûվȣҪĶӣüư
Ҳε򣬿ԼһһһʼСװҪܼӣûã˼ֻɨһۣ㴫٣ܼˣӼˣʲôɽʲô˲УЩһһ˼ҿţװҲûá
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֪ˣԼһȥ޷ۡ
粰ƳǳʮƵƲɵѾ㲲ҾУ磬ֻһսҾʤ۳
վУ̨ϣγ彣·ڽʿ

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·һʼѻȸʲôУʲôʿ磬Щƨ˼۳ǹ֣УԼʲô˼ƴ𣿺Ǻǡ
Ϊ׵ļŴȣ֪ΪΣ󷽽ʿ˸ȾһһҲ˻ߵĴ
ҹۣڶһŽӪϢֱ磬оɱˡ
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µĽʿԥѾս𣬵Ϊ˼ˣΪ˱ֻսɱһѪ·ɱһ̫ƽ
ûǰսΪֵ֪µ佫û粵Ķ֣սֻܻʿ䡣
ȷսЭƵϮоֻҪоսʤ
һʿȫԱڱͻͷһսν㳲þȫ
粣һཫʿȴսǶ;Ƶĳǳأһٻ࣬ʾò˵Ϊš
ŵˣԸ׼һ㣬ʴ㳲ѹ֮
ǹȷǽսʱ˵ô˴ѹȥɱ٣һ룿ܣһСѾ漣ˣ㣬಻ʮ֮һ
ǧıҲ粶һ࣬ʤ֡
󲻻ģɱһǧ˰ٵ룬ɲɣʴˣͻƵо֮ٲҪģһɹоؽơ
粻
˰ĵоɫ糣ǹſһǹһˣо˫ཫʿҳƵоȷ棬ֱȡͷ­
ǿҸǿӲұӲȷǰɣɱþȷ棡ҲҪɱȷ棬Ҫֱȡͷ­
֪Լ٣Ӳʤ󣬵սҲ򲻿ɣԼҾȻçȻıҲļãսǰȻǱٵ䡣
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һһѼ⵶ֱӴԾǰУԾ࣬Ѽ⵶ƺ᲻ɴݣתۼɱٲԾعʱѾ޷ֹˣΪĻǹѾɱ֮ò˱Դſڵϣﻹȥ赲վѷ⵶
վڸ̨սУҲǾ֡
ڼıδսǰúһУȺоӣӲ̣Ī˵Ը粣¾Ǻ֣ҲǶֻ֣ű࣬Ŵ򲻹ҲܺѾ˼ǰսս¸ոմԼ߾ͳˡ
ջҪǹǳеĵоȫɱˣ
һȣŭɨǧ̫ҫˣվһ̨ϵܿһ𾪵ͬʱҲһ˿˷ܣҪ֪ожΣԲ˵ˣɱⳡ˲
־׼ɱŮ
ŵĹ׼˳ǰͷĵоԪ˧ֻٲڣ뷢ҲҪһغ
Ԫ˧Ԫ˧ɱȥɣһǹһоͷųǰ粵
һΨһսף
˵꣬˺磬һ̤ϣһԾ˺Уŭɨҽ𣬿Ҫˣ½ϼתͷʿԪ˧ɱоȡͷ­
ɱ
٣ɽХΧ˵ĵоʶ˺һЩͷܡ
ˣܽˣٲٲͻȻ䣬콵꣬ƺԤϣץһоֱӽ䵱ܣɲʱ䣬С䱳ϾͲ˼ʸ
ʸ꣬ƬϣԾĴһ·ʬǰǧȷֻʣٶ˻ڷǰΪ׵ѪȾףϴˢŭǧٱ飬Ծɲ֪ƣĻӶ
ɫ࣬ע·ͬŮս粣һӣҪֲɱŮ
δڣͻȻһ嵽ǰӵһֵԴץеս󣬳Ÿ̨ϵһ
ˣ精һٲ粵ļ˽⣬˵һٲٲҲְ
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˵Ǹ̨ϵĻǼȱһһҲޱȵĴһ
ܽʿ죬׷ȥֻ̨ϵྐྵȻ֪ա
౻̨
Ҳ֪˭һɤӣԾһȫˡ
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ոմӵɤžͺһ䣬Ȼ⻰û˵꣬ͻȻǰһӰ˶һѴɨʱͷ裬Ѫ䣡


617 ɱ
ѪˮȾ粵ȴûһ˿ɣüͷ
һƺ̫˳ˣΪʲôоȴû˿Ҫֵͣ˼
粣Ȼмˣ
ͻȻһЦڸ̨ԼҺУһͻȻһսϣ˺ϸۣǿ׳죬Ȼոձնͷ­
ǲܵģڵʽɱþһ
ѹ粸о̫˳˳֡
֪󣬾Ȼվڸָ̨ӴⱾһֵɱˡ
֮ȡ˧ͷ­ˣȴˣһƺ֮УȻҲڶԷɱˣΪɱ̨˳̫ྫԼҲǿ֮ĩһսӮˣ
˷ܵĻʲôˣӲξʼĴСսϰʮսʤһУΪͳĲթܣоס
ͳ󣬴δһܣСʩһƣսܵ壬β˷ܡ
ˣԼһڣһζֶӱʺֻЩСֻҪһưµˡ
󲻸µµΪҪӾֻΪòϵܣ˱ƵͶԾĵزţԼҾһ̿ʼΪԼһţȻҲܲԣֲòҲԼңԾˣһҲ򣬶Ҫʤ
Уò˵Լ˽ģȻֻҪ֤Լ֤˿֮
Ԫ˧·ˣ罹ɱ
Ŀǰջأһŭǰɱȥ
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翴һĻ´󺧣Ԫ˧ƺˣֻʣһˣЩ٣ɱȥҲδزܣȻҪɱȥҲûлͷ·ˣ
ģǣԪ˧Ȱһսһʱʮžûȥ
ǰϣǾ粻֪֪Ȼδ֪Ҳɵûк֡
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һЦҪɱ粣ȻʱͻȻһȣþĶ˲ȻأǴأ
үүڴˣС
ͻȻ䣬ԾϴȻһӺڼɱΪ֮˺Ȼɻ
ɻ𣬿Ŀ⣬ͬʱҲһƬꡣ
ǧкãȲᣬֻ蹭֮ɱ粣ȷ´ͻȻֵĵоȻҲһ£Է٣ûлǹͬĹ䣬ԷҲԶ
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ҿôͣ
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Ѿ֪һˣҶأҲϤ̨Ҫ˽⣬ϾһųǵߣԪϵУȹ˿֮·ú˵ĴӿٶȣӰʷУɸ硢Ǹǿ
Զڲ˹Ǳ޳ĪѹûĹӦ˽ɸǣȻҿɲܺӣ
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ҡҡͷ˵鷿ҴҪõͬſɡ
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ЦһϵͷЦţҲģʴǰͽʦһ£ϣҪٰһ˻ᣬѧѧԱ뿹ϰ


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뵽ˣͽɺıһ£Ǻ쳣ЩԺףʸҪʱǿЦá
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ףѧʦǶˣҪǶŴѩתȦȦԻǿǣޣ
Ҫ֪˻εͷǿǸǼ˰Ҫ֪˻ʱɲˮĴٹ˱ȥһ֪˵͢ĦȻںһƣǼĿǰҪİ֪֪һΪǸԵżСһǰʮżҴ˶ٺô̵֪һ궥갡

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˻ᣬҪĩ֮УʱѧӵҵҪѧϰϣʴҲֻΧѧȦѡ
ȦҲòѧӱԹɵ˼ԺװԺŮҲһӣǳܻܣɶȻˣѧΪͻԼһܵú䤱ȥףһЩԺѧֱӹӣ¶һǿǣٱһָָ㣬˽ǼҲˣⲻ֪˼Щʮа˾Ŷ˵вӣЩŮӵ棬ⲻвǸҪĲˣ
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֮⣬ԺԺ񿼺˵ݼռҲԽԽϿˣΪǶԺ׳ȥ棬Ҫ֪ÿǳȥʱиִŴ˵ʲô˾ĿһкóԺúȣĴ棬
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ԣĩԣ˶Դ
ǣѩ׷ɵСˮѧӭĩ󿼣


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ȻҲֻѧĹ٣˵һѧˣһС꣬¼أ뵽Լѧõѧ𣬲Լ棬ͬʱлȻԺϣǸԺ׿ɶǿȱأ
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ѧһߺһʱȺӿȿֺĳ嵽ǰ棬ʱ˾ϲ˳
ûõĲТӰ˵ܿ𣬵ΪʲôһҲûŪȥ
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£Ůƨ£ҲѿҪ·
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뵽ԼС⣬мһˣλϵռЦ˯ЦѰ
Ƶ飬ͬҲĴţ̼뾡취Ĵ棬ѰϸԼӴƺ½ĲݣЩٹΪܺͻʸ˵ϻߵýҲǻȥˣȴöŮһҪӮֻҪûʸע⵽Ǿ͵Ӯˣ


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λӣ˵ѧŮֿ͹̬ӯ˱Ȼƻݣ˿ɱڰ
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ҹӱ䣬ׯСٺһЦĴָƬʱд£һֽ룬һһݣĿ֮뿪
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˼ҹһߣׯСٺһЦ۷ŹĿƱҡͷԵΪЩԩͷӲǮ׬ǣ
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Щһһ㶣رǾ䵽ӪǸͨ˾͸˵
Ϊ׺Ťͷһﲻɿһ£ЦԭŴˣ֪Ŵڴˣеǣ
ЩӻĴȺ߳һ󺺵ģôҲˣĪÿģ
ٸǺڵİ׵һͨԣǼСĵ㣬ɲҪץѱˣСֺأ󣬳֪ץڣŮ˱Щ˸ƵģǵĿⶼһӡ
Թƣǿѹͷ߰ȻЩϵ٣˵յģҰͷ߰
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Ǻ콵һӾͰѵطˣûбҸͷԣ֪ԼĸУҲԽȨ洦ڣȻ˵ûˣЩҲҵҪ֪ĿɽӺݵͷ߰
֪Ҫ￪ľ֣һſӣǿЦð
̶һʱƺ׬˽ɾЦˣǺȻˡ
ѰСգһ벻Ƕɴ˿ɼжޣǾͲ˵ˣ˺ҪǮѹûǹΪ˻˭ٰģֻҪĻһ죬˭ҪӮ˵㣡
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ҺãСͯȣΪѧ˻Ľ˵ɴҺ񰮣ǰ;棬Сҽܣⶫ߳Ķ飬ԺѧӣߣҲһĩԵѧ״Ԫҹƻӭ
һɤż꣬һĴȣɤžͳ˺ΪȺţΧһߣһ߽ѧΧ⣬˵һĲ̨ױվˮйͨˣܶͷӿΧü㡣
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ԺԺ׽ɣ˫ֵϣһ˱ǹվıֱѧǵǶǣʱ֪ǧ޷Խģ
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ԺԺԺҩĹ£ʦ׺裬ҲΪʲôλʦһ𼷶ˣΪһƾʲôԺף
׺ڵĶϣûڣֻǳ°ͣʱԺѧһĦȭƵ
ҽԺԺ쳣С϶ǺЦŵƴǱǲУǳܣֻҪҽǵɷȷķʽܽǰԶԶں档
ԺԺ׷Ԫﲻڣݷٴ죬ݷٶֳû˿ųһЦѧǵǣԺЩŮѧӲᣬǵĶ֣ǹԺ֯ѧȻΪ֯ʦǼȻԪǣͱҪ쿪ʤȥɣǼʶһǵķɣ


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ȴӶܣܳѾ޽ˣǰ򵥵һ£ɨѩƽ·棬ܵ
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һʼĶܣνһ㼴ȼʵҲܿʾˣͬṩϢһԺǿǹԺũԺԺҽԺԺǲףֻԺ
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ܵڲԤʱҲ׷״ջĿ⣬׼
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ЦһСȥ˭̣ƽҲͰˣԺѧϷ͹ǹҶҲͲһ£ɽ컯֮£Ŀ֮УٱѾıȥǿ벻̣
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˿̣ΧµĿһĻҪľЧҲһӪգԺСӣ˳˧˵赸Ϸֱͨѡ
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λˣɷȤȤ޷ﵽĵزɾö֮귢û˼ʱԼ޳ȥ˶ΣһȤ˼ˡ
ֻμ⣬ʴҲû룬гסÿ»һЩǮɴ
ͻȻɱ׬BûвЩֻΪ֪ԪҪ޳ˡ
ȻͷԪϵҲֻǲҪ͹ĳƺһ䣺ˣǻɱˡ
ȻҪŲߣ;÷ԪˣԼĺѾһƾʲô
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սŨŨȻ죬Ŷ˷ܵУеһʱٴӭ𾪺͸ĽʺޣΪԺӮˣ
ԺѧӣȻÿһܵùСӵģһ񼵶ޱȵĹڴ
չڣҲǼʵáֹ
ڵ˻֪ܾŻᳬȻģȻǲܵģڼҹ򣬱ï統ة
οѾˣ˵ǵգٶȣβֵ֪֮ȷıܴ󣬲յˣǻʲôȭͷߣģͬˣȴķӦǲ֮˸޷ƥеġ
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ȻҲ࣬Щˣһ츳ְ֮·ҵˣϾûУţȻҲΪⲻ֪Ǽ˴ˡ
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ȵĽ˵ɤ׬ǮƺҪġ
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ͯ޵Ĵʣ֪һɣ֪ģЩȴЦԷǣԺӪǱߵŮһƬ죬ȻҲʲôû취ǰ羭Ժתתö֮Щ޵ĴʣѧԺˣ


631 г
ѧ˻ᣬˮմǰδеȻǻл֣˷ܣϲЦƺһͷųˡ
ܾ˭ǵһƵĵ˭ѧ˻ʷĵһˣڲúͯſĴȣ˷쳣Ľ˵
ζⳡҲеţϾ濪˾֣˶ԺһЩѧʤȻ󲿷ֱ̭ˣȻ˶עˣ˭ӮˣȻ׬١
һǹ죬ѧͬʱԺѧӱǿǹһ˲䣬ҵļ嵽ǰũԺѧӽ˦ں棬ùɽХĻرˣǽں󷽵񣬼ˣƵġ
ҲЩţ̵ʽȻ˦ˣɴ˿ɼ赸ΪӣҪϰ֮˱ȣȻЩ㡣
ԺѧӶԺﱬǿģɻѡΪܵѡ֣Ȼ˼һ˿ûзˮ˼
ǣʮ󣬽ģܵƿʼ仯ӳ̽ԾƵģÿһƺ˳߳岽Զת۱㿿ǰ汼ܵˡ
Ĳܴ󣬵˫ȴصĴͱˣͬģѧһ˫糵תһĲÿҪԶһڵ˰ʮѾԺˣ
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ԺֵܰǿһҪӮӿעģ
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Щγ˺΢Ĳ˸ԺѧŮȫ
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裬Ժĳ谡
Ժѧӣǹ꣬һ̶ƵģǷϵڵϡ
裬ߣȻ֪ǳ裬Ҫ취ϴ壬ܽ겻о꣬룬ҪԵģǽĿıɫǹڱвȴʧܵǷС
Ժ׵Ļѧսȭͷҧгݵĺݺݵͷ
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ʱ䲻֪ȥתʱ䵽ˣҲֳ˹ǣԺһ·ննơ
ĸԺѧϲ˷ܵĸ߾ٽƵЦβǳ˳飬һΣҪ׬
̫ȤҪ飬رؽĺƽʱնڼУŻӣڣݹ󣬼СˮգۼѧȻҶ֪ѾΪһʱ˽⵽
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֪ҽԺԺ쳣ʹѧǳ;浽ɽѰҲҩѧϰժɽˮѾǵߵԺĪĵزӮǲ֣
ڶ죬ԹĿһΣȻԺ£Ժһٶúܶ˶о⣬κǿǺġ
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ҲԺҲԺ벻Ժ
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ũԺԺף̲סʼˡ
˵ǰզôأǰһظı֤ܶ𣬿ôˣ˰ɣߣҲܣľһҪǶӱȥ
ׯʲôûУһľأȻԸԳѹԺһٶɰѽֻˣʮֵĿԺ׺裬룬Ϊףں죬ҲûӵĴ
׺費ɫ˽һĶ⣬ıУֱӾһơ
Ц˼ҹԺʲôȻ۳н˽ǹȴˮѧ掠ȨϾԺѧڱҵ඼ܽԺϤһ»ǹԭʼ棬ҲǷδʵ
˵õǻҩ飬ͬԭõϰĹԺѧԺܱȵģ
ɶ񰡣̫ɶˣզûһֵصıأݿ졣
£ĿǰߴԺһҲ൱ˣôһжҪʽˣ
˵ϣǾǱزٵĿζԴ˺ģɲ뿴ϱĶԼ޷󣬷磬ǿ벻̰
볯ʱѾձˣֻǽս𲻶ϣû˼ⶫ۳һ첻һ췱ٲʢյҲָ״̬ԱȻҪˣǽɷƣֱٰϴ


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ڴֻ֣ǡġ˾ģǾģӲҪ˵飬Ҳֻǡġ
ʽϱһʼ;ס˹ڵģϷ֣㵽˱ǸоǱ˺ݺݾסһ
ŰѽžжôһţȻ䲻һƣǰ߸򡣡
㶮ʲôû˼ұ˸ס𡣡
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ڴҶѰͻƣʴҲûר̵洫о͸ٴȥҲ١
ҲѾòȥˣ˽죬ˮȫӺݶ֪ʽϡ
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ͯ⼸Ĵ󺰣ѾЩ˵ɤӣȻѹˣڴҶھ۾Ŀűʴһ㴫ȫ
οû鿴űڼ˱⼸ķᣬ̶׬ǧϱӦÿ׬ø࣬û뵽ڶϵ˽˭¿ӣ˭ȻסǣһûһƥοɲҼׯˣ򻹲ðǰȥ³
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ţһžȻ߽ˣֱ񰡣ͬѧȻ̳һŶǬԼǰڷһţһǳɵСҪϳͬѧһӵˣ
ο֪ԺҪˣԺѾûϣôĽԺԺĶԾˣ
һ磬ˮѧԲһڣѾΪĵزѧŻûΧˣųˮţɴ˿ɼⶬ˻жˣܱ߳صգĽҪĿһ¶˻ķɣϧҪʧˣˮİգ޷ȫѧۿοء
⵹˼ңȵ룬ֻ䵽棬ȻҲһЩѾûŶӵģЩϾ
һξνǿǰ󰡣ĿС
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ԺԺˮ⻹û˱㿪ʼâʾ໥ӣɱˣ˿̾Ѫɺˡ
ԺһȺ竣ѧУϼգǾǶ֣ǲܷ״̬ܺãһõʹ˷ţһᣬмǣҪΪսҪŽһ壡ʱҲһˣѵõ¶һ˿Цݡ
Ժ׾ȻЦˣԺѧһ˷ܵĻȭߺԺʤ
һç򣡡
ӢӷһɨԺӪһתͷԺѧЦǾϻҪǮǮôǻǵס𣡡
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ǰ뷨ԴˮѧѾոˣǮ뿪Ҳֻ˵ǮǺǣСү治ȱЩ


633 һ
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ԺôˣΪʲôװ˷λᡣ
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ԺܰԺƵȵزѾǺˣҪ֪Ƕǰ·ңʵĺܰ
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ƺ֤εĻԺߵܶԽԽߣԺоԼˣվϣиѡ
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֮Ժ©ٳոյõ򣬻ûüǴأǴأ͸оһŽµûˡ
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Ӣӷ·ߣ֪ˣȻ֪Ϊ֮ǰһʧܣԱûзӦȻûһ£Ŷˣ


634 ʤ׷
ѽ㷸ʲôӢӷԴĳԱƿڴ
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ҪõȨ棬ȻҲһ˳ԲˣҪֻҪܳԵĵٳһֺη
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635 Ԫĩ
ѩ׵ͥԺһϮ°̫Σ˿ȫעϰ̫°׵ƺ͵ϻѩΪһ壬Ķһ̽һƮѩƺģڻ
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˵䣬ԶĺӰѾԽԽ󣬲ʱɹž񿪱ٵˮܿͣڰߣűһ¥Ϊ֮ˣ룬һλ꣬òȻǴðճ͵ɹƾ
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˵꣬ɻ͵͵˾ɫŮһۣŮĴеľɫЦþòɢһʱ䣬ɾȻЩˡ

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԰ǰɣҲû֤ݣôǲϣȥһЩˣˣ㲻˵ʱĪʧ𣬻
ѽһԣʤ鰡ôû뵽أкӷ찡ҵӷҵĿ
š˼ҲŲЩأ˼ֻ˵СŮˣŭ
ǺǣԣǣҶ֪Ǻˣ尮С֣Դ䱦Ƶḧ
쿩һЦɫջ֣˽һ£һ࣬ýûٵõˣȥˡ
գߵǽǰҪһԾͻȻ˶٣ĿһɨȴûзӰüֹһҲһԾͷǽڡ
ɷǽúԭȵĵطͻȻܹһӰһϮ´磬ݣȻŵյİͯ壡
岻ŵĿŸߴɵǽڣǸɾȻһһΣȻֱ˹ȥӼţѾľԾɹļϸ
Ҳȷһû˺󣬱˺󼸲һɳ壬һԾͽ˫ֱǽϣѾĽȽŹȥһǽڶ档
Ÿڵĸۡ⴦ۡԭһաϡĴٸۡΪ½ι⣬ϴֱӱնˣ˵϶֪ɼ½ιˡ
ûж룬㿪ʼĴѰ٣ú󣬵ϸʱ˾񣬼æųȥһÿһӰһš
ӰѾϤˣǰɲ٣
ϲ⣬ܳڣһһ£ٴη˰ɵӰٸϣһ·СĽ֪ͣͣòһм
ֻЩˣָŰľƳĸɲü
С磬Ҳû취ǰһ꣬˵ɽֵĲˣҼЩųɹĲ񶼱ʪˣֻЩҪҪ
ðɣ͵Ÿ
֪СһС϶͵߽ӹɵһϲЦ
ɵͷתŸȥ
һȫȴʲôֻҲƵŸȥ


645 
ҹŵü˵֮ͷɫЩǵ˵еȷ˼ϸɿ˭
ҲҴݾߣʴ˲һͷŴ˿֪츮˭뿪Ҳʧģѯʵ
˵ҶһġŵЩε
ҪҪȥĿкһ
ɣ
ŵڰ֣͵֣ǰԼƵ˿ϣʱԷڹǣֱɱ֣ǼȻлɣȴֵԭ޷Ҫ֪ǵǣ˭
ǰ
һԵϵͷЩ֮ϢҲ޷ȥкã
ֻһŵ˵⻰ʱһ˲䵴Ȼ޴档
ͬһʱ䣬ŸһҲڻ㱨ʲôüչãڵǷˣ
ʲôԴ󾪡
Ȼǣòŷǽֻ֮ȥľ񣡡
ô죿ЩˣҪ֪뱩¶һ
뵣ģǸɱ㣬ô֤ɹżϸ¶ֱӽǲ
Ȼ⻰ûаģС֣񲻶˵죬ܰɣ
ܣǺǣĶܣû֤ݰ⵹ŵ֤˵ͨ飬Ķܣ
⡭
Ȼ⻰ͨʱ徹ȻЩС˷ܣ
ǰ˶ԼϱԼʲôµģβ뾡취Ϻء
ҪȢţһݣҲֻܰ⵹ŵõµʹˡ
ģҶŵõӦеĳͷ˳ȢţϸٻӣСֵ
ţһжɵˣ˳ƿڽؿϣ̾Ϣ
һֻ̣һ仰˷򸴺󰡣
ͬһҹȴԶŸһƶéУҽйڣһѮڵأͷڵϿĳһƬ죬лͣĵλˣСĲ֪Сֻһģ֪Ŵ˼밡ɱСˣСҲֻ˵ˣλƹС˰ɣ
Ĳ֪㵽Ÿʲôһ
Сֻȥɲѣ
ţ֪ˡ
ͷתȥţﻹһҽдųéͣƬ̣һЩ飬Ų͵Ŀ⣬ֱһɫȥ
ʱһջУƾһСƱ΢΢̵˵ţúܺãԺʲôˣֻҪŸȫץˣٱɱ
ǣ
ͬʱȭ
ƾȥԹԵߵߣƿǵҹ·ֵϣϢϵưҲƲסЦδ˳ᢵĳ죬ͻȻڴҲƿһͷð߾Ǵһҹ˯ɵЦƨЦļ޸ǮϵЦˣһǮ㰡ЦЦõ㡣
ƾһǲȻŭƿţߵڣһŶ룬Ҫڴһһ
ֻУŮӣ˲ĻڴϣߣһͬȴֵĻ󺺣ץסϵһŮ˫ȣͣͦҵĳײ̬ʮŮӣײģỨӿ֡
磬ҪҪˣūҲҪǮˣ𡭡
һĻڿԵŮӣƾͻȻһԲλ࣬ʶ˺һҪֱȥǴȻǷˣŤͷŭһۣզˣ£
ûû¡
ƾһѶͷ亹תĹȥ
һٴŤͷϵŮӣһЦһ˫ֱʷϮȥһ󣬱ŮӲҽУ󺺳ͬһȣ羷ΰƬ̣ɿγŮӣùŮԵһ̳ƣһں̾Ϣһ
ˬȻⶫǺǾǲһˮĺܰϧǲɣȥԶˡ
˵꣬ŴϼţҡҡͷϳһԵİͳһʮĴһӣŶҿһֱۣӵƹҪһ䷿Żص䣬ϣŮӹһЦʹһ䷿
˾٣ɰŮŵûʧɫɫ԰ֽ
磬ǡ
ɶֻ˯
Ŷ˵С磬°Ů⻰һתֿ޴һ䡣
ҪЩӹ̫ĸ綼ܸɳ
ǸԺǧʹȫˣҪȻҪ˵ģ
⻹õ˵ߡ
һһ䷿ŮһӣŮӣϣղȻɶŪĴ죬º͸о쬵ġ
Ҳ⣬ѹһɣҲ˼ԸԸ⣬һѽŮ§ڻУٺһЦʵ֪һŵĴ٣
ŵŶ֪֪ҲͼλǴ¥ΪûкŮӹҹʴūҶЩӰ졣
ţ֪ͺã㣬ʲôط
Ŵ˵ĸۡūҾͲģ˵дٵĸۡۼ︽ôˣĪʶŴ˰ɣǳٰ͢
ƨãӺûûʣҪǴ󵱼ҵĴ󵱼ңҪӹӲŲأҪⶫ˵ҲһΡ

ŮӶʱֵһţҪ硭ūˣ
Ǿɡ˵ţ󺺾ҪŮӷŮҰŵɫİ磬ǰܲˣˡ
С
⡭ʱСĸͷˣ
ģ
һҲԸҹԸӸսʱһô˵ģ˵һˣʮĶҲɱôˣˣ
磬˼˵Ƿˣ𣿡ŮһĲ
磬˯ɣ
õõã֪ͽʮˡ
һ⻰ŮһͬʱҲɾ̾󺺣˵ʮʮҲֻȫķݣѾļֱͲ˰Ƕķ¿
ҲͬһҹԶһۡУŴ粣ü˼
Ԫ˧ɺȥҲаˣʱûϢ˰ɣҪ֪һ޶²࣬Ԫ˧ȥΪΰ
˵֮ˣ粵ĸ̫أͯ档
粿ͯ棬ȴûڣһԵͻȻһЦϽļı˵ûϢһϢйɹţΣգǱ˻ˣԾǸɵȥ֡
ûû࣬ͻݰɡ
粳һſͯȻ޶ۣȴõѡû˻뵽Ҿѡһ޶֮ȥ̽ȡϵֻǵˣ½ܶ˵תƵʱŵǶȡᣬȡϵ


646 ƥ
ɺǷ˿ֱܳӸܣͶ˶룿ͯɲĵ
İɣ
ҪڣͻȻϽĿһɣŵͷɵһԡ
𿴺ԣڸǰ;û˱ƽⲻԸĲģʵһֱһأ
⻰˵ĺΥģʵֱһǰ֪кˣ֪ˣҲȫ߾Ƽ
һγ߾ݻ·㽫ɵ˵һ죬Ʋľʱһȥˮ
߾Ȼ˵ò岻粸оƲľ֣
ԽԽӣرǸոչ꣬ŵŻɹж
ţҲҹ̣Ź֪ݵɹ˿ʼ½½ɶȥ
ɶ붫һ֮⺣ȴ󺣣ر๫ĵͼϿɶͶľ룬ֻǸһѣдʮ죬ɵ
ݵɹ˾ۼɶǰ㶼غΨһĿģѾԲ²ˡ
ּɹŶ͵Ϯݵ˼ǲˮսҪսʤˮȻǶˣǾͿ϶а취ֻŵǱ鷳޷Ϣˣ
ݣڽս£Ҫģôݣ粵ĴɿɹţϿշݣͳһԭ
֣֮鷳ȻСƾ赱۳ʵҲѹأֻʱѣɹɾһ̤尡
ʱɹŴԴԴϵĴɶɺԿɨ֮ƣϯɹӶɱ¾ӣʱؽǹƼͿ̿Ľְ
ҲֻеȺɴϢˣʵڲУʮǧɱݸأ
ʲô
ͯǴһҡͷ򲻿ɣҪɱȥĩͰɣ
ȻһޣҡͷһЦҶ꣬Ͼԥˣ쾫񣬶ռҳ˵ĺᣬڣҺξ嶫룬ͳԥݾǵýʿԹ𣬰Ҳ۳ʧûϲһ괦սĹȡ
˵⻰ʱ뵽๫Ŀǰ¶ս֮ˣ๫
δ꣬һԵֱӿЦ㣬ҿϲˣ㲻Ҳϲô졭

㲻˵û˵ư͡
ûĵһֵۣͯձϱ͢ݣݱ룬ҿ߲ű·죬ᷣҪݺؼҵıˣǳᣬǲҷû͵ϮҸ־·й
һΣҲðźܴķգ֮أص۳Уˣ޷Ҳȥ롣
ƣţ뻢Ѩɵûӡ
ƣ᲻úײסǣ᲻ϱץסå
๫˵Уôʡåͷҷ壡
뵽вһƺ๫ĵĸ߽УŴ
£ݣУգһ˵ϢϯȫҤӿߣŮ±£
ǣŮӾǲаȻȺӵս
ȻЩŮӶǼһĻɫˣҲǣþ꣬뱲ӹ˵ûи㲻ˣ
ɽǰϽ㣬ãһǷҡѼȣһҡĴӷŵòٺĺǻֲ̿ѣ
⻹ѾˣǴ¥ʮ¶㣬ųưͰɽȥûƬ̣һҽУ֮̿
ڣٻԺɣ㣬ʮ¥ʮأʮһ£νվ磬ųưвɣ㣬˵ıСһҡ͵һϼ
ôܣţλշ绨ѩ¥ĵһһоҪСӵ
һ΢ͣƲ˿ȴһ˫۾Ŀڵķſڣ
´㣬¶ӡɣ㶼ˣˣɱһ¾Ͱ˰
һҲʮüӣһץסѮϸȰο
ÿ˻ҪԶˣ󣬷һԺ¥棬Ҫɾˣ󻹲ñϽЦ
Ȱ˵ֻλϽȥˡ

ʱһϸƺߣţŮӽһ°ĭϸ̧˳ֱҽȥ
֪ҤӽǣҲҳˣŵü춼ҽӿͣҲͳΪδǵһ˵
ߺ˵ְ㾿ˣʲôõ鵤ҩ
ƾһĿߵĴ󺺡
һҾ¶ǣһЦӿģˣȲˣ˵ǰǰһҲţŮӸӷǳ򣬾һö˶˵ĸɶȣ˵ҲͦԲģΪ˶ܴ󵱼𷣣ֻðŪϵԾģǰСӳʹԣ˵ƭˣװӲʣʵúܰޡģҪǴ󵱼ҹܵϣͰϱҲˣԺˮͰȥɡ
ֹȻ˰⻰ĪǰݣƾĹ֣˳ھѯһ䡣
¹һЦôӾɽ˳ѵֵҪȥ٣
ᰡǺǣͷΪ˭˵ԼǸɾİƾȻҡͷЦ
ֵܵ˰һ·ľ֮Ҳǻʡ
ʣʲô
ƾһһ㶡
ͻȻǹһЦӶˣʲôҲһƬصСʵۣĪľڳǸСӣõĺܰӲǮȥԸţ˵˵ˣֵҲҪԸʲôŮˣһҪӰ
ƾԣ³ˣɴ۾־ȻʵۣⰡ
٣ӼĴˣʲôʵ۰ةడԪ˧󽫾ʲӵĻʸӶݰһϵĺܰ
ԶԣʸˣϡŹֵλСһˣ˵Ԫ˧ļĪǾСĴˣƾû뵽ͺȻ˶ⲻ˼
ֹǼռúӵĶֻ֣ǡǲҺӹаˣ˵⻰ʱЩϾǿǴ󵱼ҵĴ󵱼ңҪڵĻˣⶫ룬̵ͣȥҲ¹٣ǹٻ°
˵粣ˣǳ߾֪µ£
֪Ϊຣʱɵķ䣬ڽ㲻ԶÿҹＸҪ޻С뵲ס䣬ɼˣʹ಻ǺڶˣǨŭȥ
ɵűŪ룬ʵҲֻҲûˣҲˣɵ£ǲܣʴˣ֪߾ˣ߾һƣǺ־ͳˣ


647 
ƾǣЦݵ߳µķ䣬صԼ᷿ʱѾվ¡
⣬Ҷˣ
ƾĻ궼һ㶵ʲô⣿ĪǡҪŮط
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ƾһߵ֪̫ˣݲǶĵ㣬̬һʱһʱ
ţ֪ˣһۣͬʱͷ
ͬʱµķУƳһ۽յķţȴԳӵʲôˡ
СӿҲʲôʮ仰а˾ž䷴۳߻һЩСӳûȻݵˣȴС꣬浱ɶҲû
뵽⣬һˣֲȥˣҲŪһСִһˣ
Ագߵߣұ߳䣬˹̨˺󣬴ҡڵ뿪ջѰһСȥ
ں뿪ãҲ˳һۺһ˻ȥһ˱׷ʧڡ
һ죬ǿˣȻʲôͬ죬ֻһЩһ˳ˣӸԺ֪ĺϢ
ʲô¼侹Ȼ
ǰүСԼʶˣǲ֪СʮͨӣǼһ﷿ֻǿһۣŵСƨһǼһȻôǴֶȰСĸ첲ˣ
ҵι㲻ڿʰɣ
е㣬Ҳ˾Ųʮ
㻹Ÿʲô콫뵽Удʲô鵤ҩ񣡷ү۷簡
ǣ
´ˣǶˣ׼һȾȻɣ
ʲô
һԺʮǴʱһ⻰ŵһӣȫܻط
裬ǸˣūҪϢ
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⡭裬֪ģҹκҪū¡ͰӦˣл
ŹһɢӿɼˣŹǶϵ⣬ؾ´ɣȻǰŸڽֵĴ¥ҲһȫˣֻǹȥǣȻͱ´ɸϴˣֱ컹ûˣǻ֪
ôôˣǮ׬´ҡڵ߽¥˼СˣһĸĶûУ⻹ҤӰ
´үС֪ôˣǼ帹кˮɣѾпˣҪүȥڼҵĻ㷻ΣһСЦ
ӵģӾǸմǱ߹Ҳ˵ǳԻӣӾˣ⸽ҤӵĹզȫлأ
Ȼ֪ʲô£ҪһСˣڰ磡
ȻƮԺĹǶԻӣ̨αΪء
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ʢЩСѣϲ̨棬Ǻǡ
Ŷԭϰ壬֪ϰӺ£
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⡭Ů𣿡Ĳʵ
УȻˣ
ʢһ㶣Ц
Ȼˣ߰ɡµһ죬Ҫϰ뿪
ɱʱͻȻһ˵ǰ˺ݣƺҲСˣüëѾףȴĿһУɨʢһۺ󣬽Ŀⶨںϣ䲻ȵǺ£
ӣզҲǲ̲
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һֵǺ£͸ۼһ˰ɡ
˻һʢʱ󾪣δعһԵߵѼɤҺҼүͣҪǰɣ
⣡
ʢľһ䣬ҪֹѾˡ
һ̣ӰüëͻȻͳˣһһֱͣӱһ٣ֱѪధã˲ߡ
һ֣·˷׷פڿֵźŵһɢܵǸɸɾ
Ӫ¶֪ӷ㶮´ΣۼֱҪĹߣ
Ӽһ䣬㿴һۺ£תۼ߰ɡ
֪ˣͷСȻ֪ԷҪȥԴ̣¸򰡡
ܿ죬±Ӫ¹ٴߵ룬ʹЩҤǴһͬʱҲЩʧ䣬Ͼ´Ҳδܻһᣬ˾ǰߣеϧϸأԼˮͰδزܽһ
ͻȻҤ㶼û׼˲ĥӰŵһɢˡ
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СҿǧȷȷǵСڴʱλ
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ʲôߣСǷˣоѾ˸ŻĵزǾͲˣȻһﱻӪߣҪǲˣҲʡȥһЩ£⼸ΪýŸǼŸҶˣǧҪһ㶯򣬷Ǻ
ǣ
ԶһݣȭӦŵתȥ
ƾ˵һֱӾͱ˻ʹһǻʵ۵޹
һ޹˲ɵˣһ˫ţд˲š

װǰҲǸ
رʮ䲻ȣζһݵ˶Ѿ¶˼£ͲѾûɶˣΪһ㡢һƬ˿ɴ£СɷﶵɾͰ̬ӵ쾡£˿ڳ򣬴ĭ
ӱǸˣͬ˵Ļȴú²ܹȥֺͷˡ
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һ£ӱǴ۽ˣ˿ûŭ⣬˷ܣһƴӹ͸˷ܣ
ҲһգŸɼҴҵŵǰڱУ˦֣Ȼ¶ɲҪô죿
ŵüͷ壬ӶԷмȻǶӪˣòſֱȫץ˴ź򣬲дǶӪ硣
ЩˣֻǶȴ֣ʱ䣡
ͨһ㣬ŵĵڵ׼һ£죬Ҫһˣ


648 Ÿ
峿һиո뿪̶ӣ·һʱͻȻ䣬ºʮˣһ󣬳̶ӷųһһҽй󣬺˳嵽̶ʼܿ죬һһ̶ӻʬϣһţٲɨһۣͷ뻳Укͬˡ
ʱһɽУһƴܵԻͻȻҽһɽУ䱳ϣȻһڻεļʸ
һ뿪Сǲú󣬱ʧӰ٣ֻһƥյڽε
ƻ裬һСںͻȻըɲʱľɣţһС˳Ưľмϼͨװ꣬غӴãŽʬ˳ʬϷƬ̣óһţֻɨһۣ㽫뻳У˲żݴȥ
ҹһ뿪УһĹֱĿŸոմĺˣûڣͻȻһѾʺ
ҹŸУɫĿŵҡҡͷɳȥȫˣ
ûһڣ
ԷԻɽ·Ŀǰ֪д̡СڰҤȫˣ
һ⻰ŵɫһƬ
ȻЩ˶ˣôԿ϶ɽ·ԷԻʮа˾Ҳˣ
Ǿжˣֶα֮ӪҲ˿ɼȻʵΪβֱ˵ɱǣ
ŵ֪ˣ
ɱãɱã
ˣûĹ̽ӣȻԽϢȥ۳з
ҪԼȲ£һ¶̽ǵ٣
һж˵ǶޱȰԷдҲˣбмϸ򲻿֪ܵ˵ݣϰ̾
컹˭֣ߵúܽƺŮԵߵˣû⣬ǲ˸洫ϢˣֵǶҪȥߵ
ò׽תۼʧ룡嶼ѱ䣬Ҳҹ̫֪̫࣬࣬Щ꣬ҲһЩˣ˿ӣûҲ棡ŵǲ˵꣬ͻȻŰɺϵΪ֮ƣֻһߣ
ʲô
˵ɣ
ϺͰͬʱ˵
գţŵһһٵ
Ÿ
ϺͰɶǴ󾪣ܿǾˣѻһҪţţˣʣµ̽ӱض֪ϢֻһӦأ
ͬһҹʱ̣ͻȻˡ
ȺһԼҵظŸϿյܴ𣬹Ụ̃𾪵ĴӴܣܿ죬˳ִ֣øҸˣеľͰŮı裬ʢˮȫŸȥ
Ȼ𰡣Ȼ𰡣
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ܣԲˣ콹ҡͷ
˶оȻҲо֣ϾŮȻүûʲô飬ϲͯʱүҲͦģóԺôδֻǣʹˣҲĲզģαȵùԼ׳òĿˣ
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⡭
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ˣǱˣΪŸһŵʧٺͻȻһء
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һǼһڣֱӳĿڿֶһҿջǰĳ쿥ʱǲɷһ˿˵Ц⡣
ҵջУһѯƹӿпշ꣬һкŤͷȥʱ;÷ɳȻҲһӡ
ȻƣӢѹ˹أڿ͵һӵ޵˶ʱĿ˲ֱˣԺһƬհףﻹ뵽Ե롣
蹫ӱһãձ㻹ӿɲҪ뿪ջŶ
ֻǳһЦнԶҲ֪⹫Ӹ绹ܲδ궼ڿջһս죬ջҲȥ¥գҲΪſջǰϣܿϤһĨٻӰٴӳУ
ǰ
һȣͻȻը죬УһɴʧɫĽе㣡
϶棬ŵŤͷȥڼҲǴһһã
һѾеˣڽһʱӳ쿥̤һذ׺˦ѳֱӾͳŵŷ
߾
ͻȻһƵԵذȻӲڰذף֮յľŵһ
лŵϹֵ
Ǹлʱ򣡡
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˿̵죬ﻹеĲİˮĿ˿Ϭ֣һֱҪ˵ϻ
Ŵˣ㿴ݳס
İɣƿǰĿɨһۺŵԼèһɨȱ㳯ŴĿɨȥ
쿥˻һĵԱ˼ȴûб鵹Ȼ⿥Ĳͨɫˡ
ϣ콿һڰɽ
һŮȽŹɲڰοУóȽŹһҲƵòãԻ


649 
ԽԽԶ¼Уκȴ赲ڴˡ
磬ͷūҹȥ֮ūҶӦ㣡

һ˦ȻһˣЬµĴɳһ
ɫһһʶ̧١ǰ㷢һ˦䣬ɡ
ۼֿ죬һһעʱתһȦƬ촽ϾһСͲ˲Ϣ䣬Ͳһϸ˿ĺɫϸ롣
ţ
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쿴һĻɫһЦ磬ҵĻ룬һʱûнҩȺȫȻӲ
ڱɫϸк󣬱еֱ۵˿ڸһ˿˿Ǳѩ˵Ƥ̲סһӡ
˵Բⶾû˵ǰҲ˾Ųʮˡ
ɰγ룬һӣһٴ졣
Է˿ûаֵ˼ɫ֮ɫٴα䣬ͬһ˫һ㽫һȭƿһͬʱӡڰǰ
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룬ȴûн˵ֻȻһЦÿΣһŮϲ̨棬԰ūҾһһ£꿡ܣϧ֪ɷһ使
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˲֪ƾֶΣǸɱ˲գۣ˲¹ǵĺݽɫҪˣƾ⼸ҷŮ찡


650 Ц
ˣҲϻˣȥȫҩ̣¹κˣȫ׽ˣ˵꣬ȴûֱ뿪ǾֱƾջҪһϷڵС˷ܵĴ£ȵ˶¥
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ʱúúõģɼٵүӾͲˡ
ȻһжүŵģϵݣϾүֶ½ιֻӣȽϳȥ
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ƾްΪӰ˶٣ȴʲôҲò½ιڶ÷𣬸Ҫ˼ӱ棬ȴǱӴо½ιȥӦеһС
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Ȼа˰ֵܣô϶ϵֵҪⶾʱȥҩģȻ⵽ɣβˣֱӽ˰ˣ̱ƹʱ̽䰡

Ǵһһ䣺ְȥлǡûӰˡ
ŵһۣҲڵؽѴˣ׷߳ؽѣѯԺл󣬱ֱӵ˰ðɵķС
˿̣ڴϵİɫ࣬촽ϣͣ
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ߺҵʱ˭أԭ簡ôҪūҿһЦذףƾǰ½Ц
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ҲΪЩ͵ˣΪǸӦǿɿ˭֪һûãǰ׷˼ĻۻСֶ챻Ǽһһˡ

ʱԥݶԼͬ߳һŶ̶ӣʵֻҪˣƳЩ˵Ĳһ㡣
˲ȣرɣһϾȻֳۼ·
һӶӴӸĶ٣ٵҲʮǧ֮ڣ
һȻŮӣ˿ǵװͨˣȻβסŮ绪òӢ䲻ʣ
⿴ɢҵȴڽݵؽ󣬱ܿǿ£
պͻȻɱ𣬳һ죬¥ϵ˷׷׵£Ż۳ˣ

ʹУӱ޹⣬ĳ޹£۳ͻȻ͵Ϯǣ̫ش벻ѱնɱǽʿɾɢһհ
֪ˣó̽ټʿǡӱƽƺ˵һ²ؼ롣
һĽţͻȻɿЦȻ֪ܿҪˣҪģģ˼ȴⰡǸǾ仰ʵ۲̫డ
Բۣ۳ˣʵүզأѵõϢһʵ۸һŴںȾƴڳ⣬߻һҪ㲻㣬һѹǷţӱˬˡ
ӱƱСһڣҡͷһЦѾע룬δѰأ
ôӡŶҲҪӲɣ
Ǻǣʲôã㻹һҪδǰһ
ף⻰˳ˣʵүǸ˰ͼĻһӺȾƴƨʺǣǶˣͼɶͼ
ͼǺǣǰ˭þһ㣬ԸΥܶɲǣ
ǰҲǻͦڵģȻˣԶûˬһͷձǮĶأС檣û¾͸ɸɣŪ޳һҲˣ˵ﻰڰҲ룬ֻǸ˻ʵүҲɲðˡ
˵Ǵײһ޹֮⣬ǰӱ˾˸ȥһپˣڣоԽԽð
˷٣Ӿϲ㣬Ƕ۰
˵ӱˣ޹һˣԽɵԽо˳ۣ˵ʱŮӶ͵ЦأһˣһݣǱǡˬ
ԭ룬аɹŴʱʹ뿪ɣ⹬ֵǮöö٣պɱǣ

Դ󾪣ЩҲǸŵĿӱмʮ˵ӱߣһ䡰²Ҫߡ˵ӱЦˡ
ȴΪõ޴ĺôԾصʵܰɣĲ۳ôͱɹأ
ӱǺһЦĨһ۽ǵ⣬Ц浱ʲô֪
㶼֪ԸǴ󾪡
ǣΪʵү֪ݣȴ벻ӱһ䣺½ιʲôסңֻϧ֪̫ˣ


651 
³Ĭˣǲ֪ʵүΪʲô֪½ιȨȴûֹǣҶĵز
ºһƣЦȥˣͲӦûڹȥ
ǻδǻڣӱͻȻʵ
⡭ˬͻ

ӱЦǣһŮӣͦεϸӣңתͷźµ˫һ°Ըһԣ
ɶɶ˼գգ۲
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һ󣬴󴬿һˣΪ׵ĺȻɹŴ󽫾ա
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һһ䣬㶫̸ãʮҴ󴬵ʱ½ι˵ҷү֮ڴ̤ʯүȥɹſɺ̨ҲȥұӦÿΪˣãؾͼ֮ǿԼˣ
½ιóһƤ
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׺ҡҡͷҲýˣֱкѧӣ׼ʮŴװ
߳Ժӭ㿴߾δڣ߾ȿڵҪȥ򣿡
Ȼεͷ
Ȱ㻹ȥݰɡ
Ϊʲôü
յԼſˣ˵ǧ֮밡
ղҿսˣϲĴԪ˧ţҪΣˣ


652 Ԫ˧
ĪڿЦɣȻ˵ɱȴһࡣ
Ϊأ߾ʵ
ߺͱˡһʱ߽⣬Ц˵
˰ܴȴöԣҪҽͣ
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ڵľƿƾµĲ粵ȷܵȣָɹˮ·ˮŻ²ֹǱҴɣó͹оˣֻ֪׼ֵȻɱ


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ӱĴûƵƣµľǱ˷֣ͻȻ״ȻӲĳЩ˵۾
ôˣ¾˳ֱ𵥵
ӱҲһСұŮ󣬺Ů棬ʰһѵͺ¶һۣ
ۣ
ʮͻȻģڰ˰ͷĴͻȻӦ飬һӰ봬У˫ֿ㣬һһҿסӱµʺ

𶯣
¾úһ𣬱ЩϤߡ
ͬʱ⴬ߵҲ˾ŭ
Ǳ죡Ӱ
¼סʺϸָ΢΢һɣȴûаӰķԸǾǴ󵱼ң
ţ
Ӱһ㶣ҲоϤڵϹ𣬸оͿԷòƺҲ֪붯ͳӣɷסʺָͻȻһŵڶˡ
ǺˣӰʵ
Ǻ°¿
㣡
ӰһȴûȫţһƵӱֱӻΣӱ˻ӺָƿӣŵһµϣȻͿϤס
ô⣡ҡ
Ӱ˵ţѾӴӺǰÿӱӱݺ˫üһ㾹Ȼһ𣡡
˵󵱼ңɱΪǰǶ񣡡
ǰ˾Ȼ˵Լ˭Ű
˱ˡӰԸ
ΣֻóɤӽһŽҴϵֹסᵽɤۡ
˿̣ղű´װҲ׷ϴȴƿ¶ԷҪӱ
У¿ʼ˿ӵĽ֮ͣúһһ£СʱһֱӲӰɿ˺µʺȴǵӳ
һкӰĿڴԣлֵĻУճһžȴ˫ףȻǴһ·ӵ˵ص粣
ĩԼյʱ䣬ͻȻһŮӵľ
ȻУҺ̥ô찡
ʱһаڰѲֺӰлʱʸ꣬Ϊ̫Զ񴬣ֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀȥ
ô죿һСıӰ
׷ǼȻˮ·ȻҪȥԥزֻҪһԥؾŲӵضϺ·һӳָɽ
ǴеԥأҲҪ죬ڽʿǼֲּۣס
ֲסҲҪӲһǵĿֻ粣ò׽ƳܽɱͷǶҪ군
˵꣬һۺ棬תٻ;ųϢ֪ڻУ˵һ·ݿɢͨֻĪҪд粵֣ȥ죡
˵ûɱõĻᣬ㲻׷ҲҪض·лصУһ·ֱݣӵҲ·һֻҪ˼Ҫɢͨûв·вͨ£ֻܵű׽ˣ
Ȼƣʱж̣ݿػûȫ۳Ҫɱһ֣ȻһٸҵֱֿͶҪģĻȵȣʱģûһƿݣҲΪʲôڶԥݺ粺ڳˣֻͳ˧ǧţðǵԭ
Ѿ֣·ĴȻʿ񣬺ԹԵĹˡ
Ϊ۳ʿ죬ȻҪʱ򣬷ųϢ֪£ڻһ㹻Ļιס粣նɱ۳Բ񣬹֮ҲҪ
֪Ϊİ취Ʒһˣ۳ĹƲƻĳȦᷣĪ£÷ǡ
֮󣬶뾩Ѿ۳ȫƣһΣ۳·߲Źݽ紦;ǳأͯʾ򣬹ݽ紦¹粣ȴΪͻ׷дڻ
Ϣϯ֮ǰԥĳҩһ󺺣ͨ߼̥ҩ󣬱㲻֪Ӱڵڶյ磬ԥʮУʮʬ壡
Ѯһ˵Ķ飬ڽǰǲãΪ׵һ꣬ͻȻôεȻץһţнܣսԼףϢ


660 һѷ
ʸһ㶼ϧ尡ѴùƺֵݸïïҵĵңֻҪλѾƶҪȵĲˡ
Ȼ֪⹫ݣȴʲôˣǹӱϹϾģԷȻͬһˡ
Ҫأ·ͨ˴˱ұ֮أȻֻǴ˵صһʵȨ֮طĿξҪǿ
ˮǧΣû뵽û粣ܵŵϢգգС֪˴ˣ򲻿ƺȣү˭ܴ
ǺտʸôܳˡЩԹĿïͻǡ
⡭죬ȴΨһ̾
ïһε˵ڵı¸أʱ֪Ҷ֪ʲôʱܳġ
ǾͰ
ʸɴˣȻïͻǻʸţվˣ·ϰ
εı飬ûѺ˵ұǵġ
ðɣȻ˵ˣǶöܳˡ
ïͻδظкȻûа󣬵ҲڷС
ΪΣԪ￴ϵͷٿľ嶤ïЩɻ
Цһ˷ԸӰҺïҲֻȡһеİ취ˡ
ԪԱǳһ̾γ֪๫ʹ
ʴˣݵѶ๫⼸״̬֪ο
գһʬʹ˺ü죬ȥ๫
ҹһֱڷķԪͻȻ洫Żһæ߹ȥʵ๫㲻Ҫɣ
ûлӦǴŻ֮洫
˰ȥˣ
๫Եȣ
ԪûԿףֻȥһһͬͻصǰʱոմţʱᵽһ˶ζᣬֱӳ뷿УһһȦɴʧɫ
ܳȥˣ
űƿĴһڽľּ־оЦˡ
ʸƽû¾ϲڼլţȥߣҲǰҡͷڿɺãҪﲻҪ˭Ҳסеδɻǰˡ
ֻǶ֪ɱǰ鷳ˡ
ĵ·ϣδһ·˷׷ױãҹ·û٣Ҷʴûʲô鷳£ֻĿջ׷׸֪ˮۿգҪȣ뵽𴦰ɡ
ҪȾﵹһһʮˣͻȻǰһ̳ƣǰȥ
ҡҡ
ĵ˹ȥȴһա
һת˹ȥҪˤȴôҲ˵ΣЦңƾˣ򲻹͸һȥúõĴţ
ƺˣҲƺûȷˡ
һҡҡλΣʱʱңδ˿ҪԼδͻȻһĳЦһһȴǣסζȦͻȻͱжžͱһǰһģ
˿εĿЩȣܿһЦ־ͽ̳ǰһףһ嵽ǰ˫ȭţǰͬʱ̳
ҡҡλεΣǧһ֮ʣȻ̽˫֣Ӳȭ
ȭǿƥεɶƮڽֱһͣŵľϣʱһľӦ
磬İïһͻȻҪľȴһס
Ƴһïոսӵľ̳˦ҡҡͷһǷ򣬵ϵʹʹʱȻˣ
Ե
ǣï֪ȥҲǰ취İ취Ҳˣȴ޷öڣҲֻýϣиոˡ
䡱һľͻȻƷɣһ˳Ų鸡ƮƮҴ⣬ΪⲽĹ죬񱼣Ǿʹشˡ
Ȼγ嵽ǰһΣӳȭͷգű㱻κݺһֵвӣȻŭͷ­һΣϡǡûһ㣬һȭɨεĸֱӸŻһҺ⣬ɶҲûС
˾ȭӣƴã֪˼ȭЩףθǲüֻнûгˡ
ҵĴϢ£ͻȻһͷԵڵأҲˡ
һõһоͽ㣬˲
ȻϣεȷǽȣȭŹ򣬿ʤаˣǱθñףɴ˿ɼȭοѾˣֻǲ֪轣ʲôΣ
ïͻٴһǰһ̧Ӿסܡ
һĻѾø˼ֲˣķԪҲˮšëηϣǰæãע⵽жˣ÷Ԫᶼˡ
๫ǺοأԪһ̾
磬⴦Уһ⽣Ӱ
˽Σֵߣ
ҹŶӽʲôεȲѵˡ
˴սϰٻغϣʤԣҲʲôʤȻԼûȫͶҲ֧Եˡ
ֹһգ׼ӳۡ͵͵ܳȥҾƺȵΣӭײѹʱ
Ѿܱһֱƨ𡣡ʱΣѾˡ
Աûɴ򲻹ң򲻹ңҪƺȣֻˣ
βٷϻһ䣬轣ţɲʱ
д󣬶ϵӰأдĿ綼ܰεεۡ
߲źͲڶݸʱˡ
ͯ汻ڻϡ
ݳ׼ɹŹ£ųڹ򶫺ɹռǰûй¶ĻݣҪˣ
죡
һ䣬˫ĿͻȻͨ죬ӽûԲģ
һ轣ЦȻûʲô
ҡ
Ҫйһ£𣡡
ѺΣȻʵԻ֣Ǿ˼;ŽЩš
Էˣˡ
Ԫﲻʱ˵𣬾Ϊ֮һ١
ŷԪȻЦݣȴޱȵɫͻȻƵġ
ΪЩӷԪûٲģϾû˯һþȻԼͬˣûоƸ˯ţܰЩʹǿӵͷϣ
һâû䣬οŷԪͷ
ȻҪԷȫûθڣ׽ĶܻеĿҲǻɢģ֪ʲô
Ԫһ̾һ鼦ӵ๫ͻȻóһţݸε๫Ӻݴż˵ǳģưɡ


661 ӱ
οżָЩȻҲܣԼһֱ޷˵Լֱźһݼᶨ
ǳ߾˼Ӽģʧ٣ʱ䣬Ѿȥʮ죬ٹ¡
Զˮĳ߾ҲܵϢʴһ㣬дš
дȻҲǲ²⣬Ĳ²ӵŷ
ˣоܷŹʬ壬ȻҪʬ幫ڣ˸ŷҲܴ۳
ɵоûɣҲ֤ûɱ粡
оɢϢƣԥػһʬˮУʱԥأڵоĹϽҪôֻһʬ岢£оٳûнʬ幫ڣɴ֤ǵĻˮֺء
ϲضͨ飬Ȼֲ粣ȴƣ
׷ɱ粵ĵоûڵֺѡˣ£һŸؾۣ׷ʲô
֣֤粻š
߾дһ²⣬ǾŪǧоİΧɱһʮɳǽһĺӣܱܿסˣ
ֽͻȻһš
ûˣȻҲʹֻ֣Ҫ粻ţһ£
뵽ԼͻȻ͸ԼһƣһԹվŵĻϲͨ룬ôң
⡭
һ£ͻȻһ߽ƺ仰ߵ㶼ˣƨ
ѣԵʸҲûУ£ֵҿˣµûһһЩ²⣡
ʲôʵ
Ԫ˧ոǿǧΧɱ³¥ע֤ȫо׷˾ãȴʼûеõԪ˧٣ҲãԪ˧ԼҲûǹɱʹغϣһ·£ʱ䣬ʴˣϷ²⣬Ԫ˧ҪǶ̥Ϊ˺ӣðգ
̥Ϊ˺ӣ
⻰ԺըƵ졣
񶼹ȥˣԪ˧ţҲϲ˶ˣϾ˵ֳˣǰݾ׷£Ԫ˧չ߷ɣֻܵű׽ˡ
ѾĲǱأ
һӣվ֪һжǲ²⣬ûʬһ죬Ҿ
գθѺͷԪֻï뿪ϲûиһ
ȥҹ̣ϵʱ³
ѾյϢ¡ˣѾڳ⹧
οǰ㿴һٻӰ˹ס޿Ľе򣬽
ģһղʬ壬һղܷ
ļµκΣ
һսҾʤȴʧأûг׻ָʴֻͣǰȴԮ͵
εͷֵǿܵı
У佫ʱֻٱ
٣
γĬƬ̣ͷӣԷҲʲôɫҲᱻ˾ˡ
ôʸҪȥѰԪ˧羪
Ȼˣεͷ
ֻٱҪ֪оǧЩûĸؾۣǧϰ
ҪֹȻҲԪ˧ûɥڵȥѾȣոնµǣܿҪԷ¡
İɣѾ鳯͢Ҫþлǧǰ󣬶˿߲ŵֵɹţͯ赲ᷣѾ֯ǿˡ
⻰һҲɵʸҪʱ̣ܵǧ
ʵⲢεģǳ߾ţ鳯̫͢־ǧԮ
ڳ߾ٻӦ䣬ѾֲˣǻŸ֪߾ܺԼɣʡʧأӺݸư
ʱȻ߾ûлţκ϶һﷴ
գ翴һϮڽɴµĻʸЩĵʸҪȥϲҲͰˣΪλϴϼаҪ֪оʸۣ˵
˵˵ɡ
ΰڰ֣׼ҪʱͻȻһŮ嵽ǰ棬еҲȥ
ȥʲô֣úõšû
СȻղΪ˳嶯ùƣεı٣ежûгΪսܻỵأ
ҲܣһҪȥŭ
ڱҽǽ
Ҳ취׷ȥ
һôȰȰҲû취ˣֻ˵ȥҲУһжҵģжΣգ۴ң㣡
ţף˵¶һ˿Цݵ
ʵֱ˿̣εĶһƬţΨһ֧ģҲֻжĲ²⣬һҪҵ粣һʬ壡
ҵʬΣѳ𣿲λû˽ֵز⣬Ůǣ
ֻǣû粣°뱲ӿ¾˺ܶЦգ֪ЦΪ
ٺڼһٻǹһǹƺƵϷ
ʱݹ꿤γ
һװ湫ӵ꣬ʹ˻㱨
˵ͷȻˣ
ţǻһû뵽쾹Ȼȡϵ꿤³·ϣǱγǣҪѲҵȰ
ҵȣ˵⻰ʱĿһԶŮӡ
Ůòˣȴɫؽ磬Ⱥһ㶼ЩˣǿŮӳض࣬ʴСС;Ҫͷ¶棬ɹް׷ʴˣӿ϶ӲֲܴڣŽ˸оˣ񲻶ġ
ŮȴͬϿκˣԺڰ׳׵ĸĹˡ
粣ʱһ˿͡
΢΢͹Сһ粿꣬䲻ȵȻˣǿԼ뿪ںҡ
ܰ
һߣҡͷȻԪ˧Ϻ£ϺȻҪȫ󵱼ҹһ󵱼ҵֶΣҾֻ·һ
»ȥ꣬ʹ󵱼ҽ㣬һͬڳ߾ԵӣͲɴһŮ˰㣬е鶼δ֪һǰú¶ɣ¼û֪룬ںܶʱ·ϣڲ²ֵϵ˭˭˭᲻Ǵ󵱼ҵˣ
νб˵ĿɰӦ仰ʵһˣԾͲų߾ֻǺݾУ죬Ȼѳ߾ˡ
߾ûôҲԻ粣Ϊģֻһأǿͣ
ӱЩͷۣ룬Լʵ۵ʱѾôѣԼҲֱӽˣںˣʵˣѾƫƫͳˣҶԼգ˵ʲô۳£ӵġ
һذըȻӱѾµܣ¡Ӱ죬˾Ľɽ
ӳңȫˣʱ㶼һȥɽעҶϣ
ˣһᣬҲȥκˣȻͨԼĶܵףֶΪأ
һǲ粣۳Ȼ𣬵ڶԿɹһϣЩˡ
ӱΰεİߵڣƺҪͷˡ


662 
ӱ˽粣ԣȻԽ۵ȥƭˣ˵ӱĶܼ̳дͳôͺܿԸԳ
ӱһǲ´ˣֻһˣȻͲȥƭʲôΪеĺӣʲôѻ˵ó
һ·ûٸӱ˵ûӱ뵽ԼϽɽȥҪع̫ϻҲδɣܱȾսսĻһҪǿɣ
ò˵ӱĶˣΪԼ룬ҲҪΪԼ벻ǣ
ô죿ò˶ã᷾ʹˣֲԼݣγ̫ش򿪺·Ͼһ½ιˣӱε
㱻ѺĴֻʵ
㲻ÿˣΪ˷γǣ·ֻҲ俪ˣ޲·йٱ£ȥ޲ӱҡͷ
üһ壬˲Ҳûעˡ
һ·Ϊ˱ܿ׷Ƕأһ֪ͨγ̫أȻȴû취뿪ˡ
ʲôİȶһʱһʱ޾֮·ͷȻֱ
˵ÿʲôʱҲ㣬ǲ֪ҪȥٷհӱȻЩĽ
粳죬ڵʵڲУʱս
ǧ𣬱˵ܲܶսս⼸˾ܼԦġӱҡͷ
㲻ǻ𣿡ü
⡭㵱Ƕһӱû
СŮӡ
ҡϧ񣡡ӱߵ
ЩˣŮӲԶͷ
˵˺ΪԼжãĺͱƵģ˿žӷڸᣬӲ΢һ㣬ĺͰƵģҲ֪ǻʸ๫һ㣬ң罫乬ˡ
ӱ˵Щڶʱصȥ궬ǽһ䰡
ǿҪʱͻȻЦһҵĺã¼Ψ๫ףʵȷӿģ
㡭
ӱô˵Ҳһ֮½ι⣬Լ䵽ⲽأˣҲˣⲻͻᱻ˸ȥرһӵܡ
޴ͨ죬۳ʸһʵ۱Ȱ
˵䣬үʹ󵱼Ҷ˵ɣƣҶǹѵģοڧء
һ·ûУһʼ粰ӱˣǵһ˵֪ǿȫ군ˡ
粿ӱһۣҪȥͻȻ䣬ſڳһˣӱڿһ粺󣬱ƹ粣ӱǰڣˣǮͳһˣ
ʲôô죡
ӱԴ󾪣Ҫ뿪粣ҲɶסŲʵǾγǻжԶ
⣬ʼˣ
ôһϢûУɱˣĪγؽϢü
Ծˣ
ӱʱҲûҪȥüͷ½ιһҪ׽㣬Ϊˣһ꿤кη
ΪξͲץأ粲ûҪӱ̧ܵ˼ֻЩ棬½ιԩ޳𣬺οǧټҪأ
ץңߣҲ˵֪֪ҳɹ֪ҵȤҲĶ㣬ˣɾ๫ģ
⡭
粻Щˣڵ룬ֻ֪һţ֪Ҳˣֻû뵽ӰȻ๫ѹ½ιҪϧһдۣҲҪץסˣ
Ѿӱе֪½ι룬ͬʱҲֱҪһɱ׷Ȼð
ȻΪб׻壬ͷɻˣڿԷҪץôˣ
¹Ҫұ๫ΪӰ𣡡
֪ͺáӱߵ
һ䣬ӱоĿУȻеҪʯٵ˼
Ůˣǿ°֪̥͵͵Ϯ᲻һأ
ǲ֪Ѿ·ˣͬһУΪ֮
½ι⣬һүĳһСµ̫࣬ݣǵس½󽫾ӣӰǰݣʹ֮ãսȴԮý׽ã˺ĥˡ
Դģ½ιͦջصʱ֪ȴǼﱻųնϢ
½ιΨһԸΪүѩޣͻȻ·ɹŽ̫ԤϣҲԵȡ
ûϲȣڷ精Ȼ뿪һƲߡ
˵Ϊ˴ŮûðգһΣǷ񻹻ðأ
½ιֻһԣⲻ粱Ƶ̫۳ʸȻðˣ
٣ǺǣΰΣǴһͿһʱ浱ˣçײ֮ˣ治֪үΪλУ
½ιӰ׳üҪס۾ˣ۰߰׵޷һգֽʱΪĩ
˰½ιϸո𲻾ãʱһˣҲͷɴñڽݣȻǵڹźӱĻ
񰡣Ѿ뿪ԥ¶ȥôԼ£ۼֻҪ˼ɣ
½ģ¶ܽλ׽׸
ţȥɡ
ʩתȥ
ξջһŲֽü£Ӳݶ߳
ϸţҲҪ˷Ѱֽҵݳްθ̾һóһƺ«һڣҰҰ죬㿴Сסӵĳû㣬·ˣ
ã㵱Ҳ찡߰ɡ
ηһ˼·
˿̾뿪ԥѾȥһˣò˶ãǾܸϵأǳ˴Ǽߺ·Ҫշأſɼ·
ʱأûж󣬵ϵسǶԣҪܶ࣬س˿Ҳֻ򣬶ǧ˳Ȼû⣬ֻǲ֪˿̵ѾһﾫϸȻ֪صıҪ
Ϊ׵ģȻǻ
񣬶һҲ죬죬ǣԴүڳʹϢЩУ˵һ֣
н
ڻˣ˵˷ˣ׷ɱ粵죬Ѷ
û֪жϲ֣ү͸ģһѩУԼڽͷɪɪ֪޷ȹյȻˣ͸֡
һ䣬֦Ҷ⣬񻣬ˮˮ壬⣬
ǣӰʼԼ
ǣҲܽǸˣ
Ƕôõһ֣ģ͸ˣ续۳ţΪ񣬵쿴ֱܴ裡
Σˣ


663 ˣ
Сڴţƨһ˵ԼԹļжôһƲƲ˵ʲôԼԹ󣬱ϻ
⼸ţƤС䣬ûע⣬һӰͷܷӶ䵽ԷĲϣһ²ݣһݴԺʧ
ĩԼСʱӰͻȻУʱͻȻվʮˣΪ׵ĺȻǰЩԥΡ
Σοï
ïӻӹˮңûֱӺȣصϣȻвǱ棬ǵ屶ϣ
ǧ𣡡εͷ
һγȻçײɵؽ绹ڵоĵ̣ʲô飬һĨڵĵҴȻͷѪ
ô죿ƹȥ𣿡ü
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ԣɻóͼ濴ãͻȻָһɽڵˣ
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ɻЦҪѲʱ䰡
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ģʱֻҪ׼ã˲ɡ
ԣҲֻõͷ
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⿪һǹصɧսƵû಻ԣҲᵽˣЩιļһ﾿жˡ
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ɧȥˣʿǵķҪɣ
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ھһʱʱֳˣһûüأͻȻ䣬˷ɽХĺɱεͷܡ
ȥˣȻɽأڸƬС⣬طǹͺͺһƬѰ·ֵǣɱ
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׷ɽʱָϺһƬһٹַһܣյͨȴǺӰ
ôܣһ㶣ĿڸЦһӶּҲҪӣȰΧ
Ƭǰͦģǰ걻˴룬ľ϶촬ʴֻܶˣ뵽ε˺ܾܿ漷ţǲɷһ˿Ц
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Ȼ˲ûиˣһͷƤ飬ΪЩŻʬ壬ȻһԣǱı
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ע⣺һųֵϿˣȻܸܶ࣬ĵľİɣеأأҹ˵һǸˡ


664 ̣һ
ϣɭֲһ߾ðӰҲɳ֮Ϊʬ壬ǰ浴ȥŵòٽʿˣ߸ǲҽһתӡ
֮˵ִ˽ŽɣڹŴĶ࣬ŵҲǸࡣ
Щʬǵоٰ磬Ϊβ»𣿶һɣֱΥ롣
ã߹ˣҲ֪˭һʱȥһðĹӰſļʿȥ
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һߣҲм˶ˣ߳ڣſǵĽʿȥ
һ£ˣ˶ηηˡ
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ʱͻȻһͿշеĻˡۡһˤڵأţ˱㿴󣬾һ㶿ǵ꣬òΣɫ𪣬Ȼ֮ǰӵ֮صΣʱǰţֳһŵĳͣһΰ
ıǰڰǺѷ֣Ǳ󣬺ע⵽ĹϷ
Щ˳ųŵģ赲˺ˣ˭ܿüڡһΣɷЦ

Ц󣬻ҪսìȫɱȥͻȻֶξȻֱ޾׵Ц벻Ȼȱ¶ҲգҲܵòˡ
⻰˻񣬵һɨܱߣɾ㵵ķ֣ǧ˵Ķ飬˿֮̾һˡ
ߡ
һֻҪһ£ɱ˵ǧΪˣܴùҾ𣡡
ԼжΣգ㲻֪𣡡
˵⻰ʱͻȻԣܳһӰһѱǹɽһɨ㽫ɨǹͷһϮϵĻ
˫ĿȻһɣսìͻӶ£ֻšRһ죬ǹìӲһǣʱǻ
֪ΣֻоԼĻڱۣƺѪļ
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Ϊ˿Ķߣվǰ˿ͻȻϮڵͷҲԼĽʿ·ܲ˰
ǹȻսһɨֻս˻һҪԵ
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ۣѪӿһֻȻսѹסҪӸˣŤͷȥʱƼǹͷ̶ֱ
Ѿģֱǿ˫οһĻľ
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һ֣ɱ˻ûعʱǹɨǹֱҪ˻
ɱ
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ˣǧо£Ȼҷֱ·ò˵εĵǴÿˡ
˼οʵʲô£аһսʱʮˮεţ
ԼСϷϲ̨棬ְˡ
ޣͳҲǧ˰ˣˣԻæң֪Ӧ˭˭ԶŴˣСС֣޵У
һ˲ҳһ֮࣬಻Ϊ֮ǰĽʿﻹзʱһƬƬĶжףͶ
վɽϣ·ӽβս£һ̸֣Ц䣬ַɻ֮С

ͻȻһ²ڱѺ·ʱȻʿսɱ
һһ㶣ȻݺȰɤŮӷģɿˣһ²
赭д΢΢ͷսȥڷ²һɣ׼ŤֽڻβʱѾһһ̽һģȴǷ²յԱĳһ߾룬Ҳ˲ֺ
²ȻûзһУһذתһս㳯Ŀȥ
һģ㽫ֻذ׵ҲĿ
²˫̯ͬƵģһյһֽץذףҪӵһʱ˫ͻȻӷ²˫ϴʮָڷ²һϣͻȻһĶͬʱ˫ֽ²ԴһѹһϥǸĺݺײڷ²䡣

²ҽһö˲ҽУŸо
һ֣Ȼ࣬ٶȾգۼһǳɣ˰ʱҲûС
²Ȼû뵽⴫еˮ竾ȻҪﲻҪֱӴϥǴ⡭Һް
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Σɱң˿̵ķ²촽űѪͷͨһƬ˸оͦҵġ
ŮˣµЦ
ô᲻²Цһʱǧ˿紺ʤա
ϧһƬѪ촽ϺˣͷҲͨһƬȫû˿̬ĸۣ㣬ҲҪ㡣
˭Ҳûע⵽Ůӷ紵ɢʱ˲£һСͲͻȻ
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ⲢͲʯ䣬һ˦ЬŮӵĺ촽СͲ߷ˣͬʱҲŮһ촽ࡣ
һ£Ů˵ĺ촽Ҳ̣ˣӼֱǲҵ˼㡣
죡ʵ
Ů˵ȷ죬װ˵ιƶˣ˲òȺһɱ˴ӣȴû뵽˼򵥾ͰˣһǰܵһͿأֱֻͶûעʱ͵ϮΣһ֣ǣһݺݵ̣һ
˿ֻ̣ΨһĻݺݵĵΣƺҪˡ
ˡ
εͷЦݵһˣģִݻˣô찡
⻰ͻȻĿһ˿ű㻯ΪһˮҲİø磬ūҴˣ
ŵݼܰǽˣѧԺһѧܻˡ
⻰˵첻ͷͱˣҲˡ
ãɡ
δһïüӣֻɫֵô¼һﰡ
Ͳ˰ɣһʩĻһǣϺڹ¡˵ģҲһ
Ӹаïһ㶣Ĵָһ羴
ΣɱҰɣͻȻĴһ
һЦɱ㣬ǱˣݵһˣǿǺֵǮģˣ㹻ֵܴһ٣ȥ


665 γ
ľսսڵأͷ絷⣬촽µĵʸ¹Ǳջ˱ȣѶΪ֮Ҫͻʸԣϣʸƹ¹һɣ
۳뱾һңҲ۳͢ĹʸӺ㣬ֻؼҼ꣬ͷģֻҪʬλزͣұ˺ͨ
ҪüҴǹٻؼũںĻˣǲɵ
ǣ£Ҳͷ˵ĴȻʵ˹û֮ʣλؼңҲˡ
ɲʱ䣬ĸپ꼻һ֣ȫˡ
˽ͳţλûüϢܹʵӣŮҪ
ңǺǣǿϿ𡣡εȻһЦû·ֱŵȥ
νһ磬ûнŮɱ˻ѺΣɫ⣬ڣŪ̫䣡
μŵŵе֪½ι飬ˣ̫ӰĹϵԲһ㣬ٴӻ˵֤½ι
ܲ˱˵ǵΣ̫ڱְš
Σĵ£οž׵ľס
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ʸ磬ͲܷūūʲôҲ֪
˵ˣŵݼûã˰ɡ
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ĸʱҲǶ¶ҸԵģҲеóԣء
˵꣬콿ūұ֤ûʸ⣡
ˣǰһƽĻɫûȤҲѹ֣ǽڣ㲻ҿ治֪Ůˣ㵽αװ˵츳ſǿˡ
⻰˰춨ǿ˿Ҳɻðˡ
ΣΪɫܿȾͷ֪أ
ע˵ǣҪʸȱľˣһ׶ԸȻɫУԸң̫ˣ¡˵ɡ
Щף֪Ǹ˵Ļɫ粻˺һЦ㲻£
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Ŀһ˿ĵЦҲ¸㣬Ѿ粶γǣֻҪңҿԱ֤Ӻ͵Ÿ޶ʬɣ
һ⻰ͻȻһȴɲɫЦΪֵǮ
ô㲻ţ
ԼԼоȻֵǮ޼֮ڱ˿أ½ιΪ㣬Źҵ޶𣿡
ԣȻһǰԼоԼ粲½һˡ
½ιôãһΪĿĲֶεˣĿԲҪԼҪɱǰˣ
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ʵ֪ЩδŵģϾǸ׷ɱŵŮˣܲŪף
ĸ̣ӦӰɣˣӦûв٣ʶȫг°뱲ӵٻұˣͺܻ㰡
ЩŵҪģȻֻ½ιһ
һҧƫͷһԡ
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ʱͲһ׵㣬ű֥黹Сһˮͣɲʱ䱩һƬ
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κףڵļҪһˣǴˡ
ֵôһ˵ܿˣ׷Ԫ˧лߣϱݵؽ磬ҴӺ̽ӻ㱨Ѿȡϵ˫ҪֿͬͯʵڰܿѲԪ˧Ҿǰ̽Ӵ߾鱨Ǯͳ򹥴꿤оһֱγǶȥڣγѾʧˣɻصĽ͵
γʧأǴΣˣïһ䣬㿴ӣ֣ɫ࣬Ҳû˵һ֡
޳ĪΣΨ죬ϣ粼ˣ
ʱ˿̵γǣ緭츲أȮ
һӶݾȫǸзţףУ֮ϣûзŹܲ˵ģ׳죬Ǿݰ
һٽߵׯ԰Ҳһƥ˵Ķ飬Ϊ׵һˣĸߴ󣬰ԲһİʮĻ룬һ˫ĿϣŨü絶ˡ
գһ£ٽʿǰͺ̵ĳׯ԰
ׯ԰Уһؽ£ʮŮڽ䣬ɪɪ໥§ΨһŮվһԣòޣʰȻС΢΢͹ӣȻһеĿ꣬ˣ


666 ʶ
ѣҪŹκһܲ˵ĵط
ϣУԣˮأ񷿣ף񣬴ףˣûзͨˣ
µĻ㱨ͷҪʿһׯ԰ĴѲ飬ͻȻһСܹȭׯ԰ŷ˵ǰмһòŮ˺ߣ
ʲô׷󺺻ĿһɣһŵһǾսսŷ׷ȥ
ڽʿ뿪ãͻȻһƣսƨһģսǰ˼󺺲ŵͷ֮ǰսŴ˵ʯש
еؽѵ·ڣ޲ڷһǣׯ԰ûеؽȻ֣ƬԺУʯ飬ǷͣΨµЩһǴСһķ϶ɳ
ʮа˾űׯ԰ĵؽڣ֪Ϊʲô⻢û˿ѲǺˡ
һսγʯ϶Ĵң΢΢һѹһֱ̣Ӱʯ𣬶·Ȼ¶˰ͨ
ͬʱؽеʮòŮӣϷʯ屻˶󣬶龪ֵᣬ໥סͣǿѾг
һϷ룬·ͻȻƬҶĵȴо
ǵƬ̣Ǻ޶ɻ䣬ͻȻһѯֵܣֻһˣֻҪʵ棬ұŹǣ
ԣüһƬ̣ͷ˭
һŮ˵ǳɵƬ̣ʵ粣
һֱӱ粵䣬Ȼֻ֪ѯʣӦò֪ղſڵıˣﻹһʶص֪Щׯ԰˵檣û粴ˡ
Ǻǣ
ͻȻЦˣЦĺܺţĻȴ֪Ǵϸⲻð
ϣ֪粵ˣ¾Ҳûɡ
֪ǲ֪кֵġߵ
㲻˵Ҳûʲôȸ㣬Ƕһʱ㲻һϾҪѲˣǮѲãһң򣬺ߺߣ˿Ҫʹˣ
һ⻰粻һ
ˣֿ粵һĲе˼㣬ÿ֣ﶼһ㱣ʹ
㾿ʲôˣ
Ҳ֪ʲôˣҸ㣬ʲôˣĺȻܽ·棬ݶ֪
粿˺һǣŮǣȻһ̾ͷҪҵ˱ңҸ㣬ҪץңҲֻܵõһƬҼ
˵꣬精ؽһץһ̳ҾƣͬʱһŻӣҪԷٵ׼
ռٶδȻ粺᲻øеĺӣңΨһ
Ȼ㣡㲻ˣΪǰຼأڴ˵Ҿͳ죬ͯĺ
˭˶ͯĺˣһйε۳ʸȻĻͷСͯĺÿÿ뵽ˣǿЦð
ͯĺȷˣԥǰһˣ컻һӵ룬ԣͬζ
壬ΪΪδ壬뵱۳ʸܱϵ
Ȼòϣ֪˽ԼݵĵһʱͬΪЧԽγһء
˶֪˲ϲɱ¾ˣ񣬰ʿһӮС̣ҲҪǧټƵĿǱ潫ʿ
򵱳һ·ǮǮ֪ǰһҪ׼Ҫƴһɵ֪һ·ԸͶˡ
ͯĺ뵽˺һֵһѣ沨ϮɱʿӣǸпͬʱҲ˴εʵ
Խµ£ڣֻǰǰ;꣬ȴû뵽վȻǰ飡
ԽҲͨˣŸ֪ΣԼǾΪԹڣһ㣬ȻᣬֻϣպҪŸɾˣϾһֵܡ
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Զׯ԰һĽֵߣԽһϮĹٽۣ°һƼΪ͵ɽ΢΢𣬱ۣЦͯĺ
Խϣҵˣ
Ŷڡ
ԽһϲҪѯĿںδʱͻȻ˫Ŀһɣֱ㶵Ŀͯĺһľ׵С䡣
СȻɫеڣձС󣬵þӳ֮Ϊӣ
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⡭⡭ˣԽͰ͵ָС˵˰죬ŰһɵĻ˵
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Խҿ˿ֳ˼⣬ûʲô˺ŵٽʱס
ͯĺͷ󣬴СԽʱԽͻȻԪ˧ɷģһнж¹ٴ
л
ͷͯĺ˽˿ͻȻԼ๫黳˵ԼˣԼţҲһֱûڣ˼ҾȻҪʱ̣һѣŵģڵؽǵʱ˾֮У
ǣͳͳˣΪ๫ʶ¡
˿̣ȫ֪һеΣȻֽˡ
γǱǮ幥ˣҲʹʱΣհ
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669 
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￴ǶĸŮѯһЩ֪һҪؼ̽ף·أû뵽
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671 
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һں춼֪ϵرˡ
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ģսľиɻĺڼһϱ˭û˭ûɢ
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ռҲҪ˱ֻսɳңΥߣ͵ն֮˻סڿڡ
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ԳһЦǰڻʸȷˣҾûһǺõģ֪ˣһһĶưɡ
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꣡
ǺǺǡ
Ÿո˵꣬Ů緶һЦЦǰϣ֦Ҳһ룬أ


674 鷳
Ǻǡأأ˵·֪θݺݵһ٣ȻҪ
ҪŮһٵΣʱûȤ
βԽӵĲЦ˵أ
²ѧǳֹڴˣˡΰڰ֣ҪߣͻȻסѯʣȴһŮС֣ü֣֪Щ
һһʣ첱һ״ȴΪϵƣŪĻһͷס񾱣ǶѪᲱŭȴҲòӲԵô졣
ūһʸҪʲôҪ𣡡
װɵǰһȡϵӦа취ɣ
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ԣҲ˵Ǿ䡰Ӷɱˣ㻹˵ˣ϶һ䣺һˣ
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ˣʲôãƫƫڻʸ벻Ĵ;
һ··ǳһǱ˶࣬лȶӪصص󻹲Ǳʸ׾ٵĸɵˡ
ñΪʸӦòļѵưͳԻп԰
ʸٶ̫죬һһصĹһʼã绹ɱϣڣ
ϣܼ־һ㣬ʱ䰲ĲڵȥҪЦˣ
綼ڸоˣɴ˿ɼһоǶˣ


678 ʱط
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СҲˣΪСŻԻҲǿֻԺˣ
ô뾡ü
Ȼ룬ҲҪʮİգϴһɱͶʯ·Ҳʵ벻˾Ȼϱ̬洫һ轣ѿ뻯ѹүܣСӲصúһֱˮٰ竣̵´Ҳ¶ͷǣҲΪ֮ΪжҪСˡ
һֱһʣ֪ٴſ˵
˵½ιûͷ
үǴȥΪλҪɹţ
һ½ιոҨһ׵ˮʱͰС
ľͰһӣ½ιֱ죬һ˫ɣ޲ʵ㶯ҡˣ
ֻһֱףүҪ̫ƽհҵȴڱۣ
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½ιһֱ˵쾲ţһƪۺٴүġ
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ʵ컹һ䣬֪½ιƢף⻰˵
˴ѹ£µǱѹʧȥİǣԼԺУ˿־ġ
죬˵ǺˣȴԺûʲôøУΪĸ׾ںĸѻ徣Լͷٺ˼ˣҲ־
ҲΪøĺӺһܵǣţʮԴӱɹռİվûʲôӣأĺҲ˶ǣ
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ӣҲӦõ˰ɣºܿ죬ͻһˣ


أ빥ʱûʲôûжٵֿصؾͶˡ
һ汿ûڷűڣΪǿǹˣ
İͷ翸ǰ棬ȻһֵʹˣҪﰡҺȥ
Ҳ򣬵簲˹֡
⻰ԹҪȶðһٶԽԽˡ
ȣȻҲ죬ܲȣ߲һնһְ
⻰ʱ뵽ʲôΪǸɧӸˣ͵űɣ
ûһһ߰ذˣһ׼ա
θо鷳齻ıɶãƫƫ߾ûһҲŴˣߣòıһãǳ߾żģжٸ߾
ҲҪˣ֪ݵĸôˣҪͶңԽСӵɱţ
δ˿ˣΪûпԽǣһԶ롣
֪Խ׼粶͹γǣ精ȳͬӱˣŵòᰡЩ˴һЩϸںҲĴˣҲˣûߣ׷ֻҪȵ·һͨ޴ԶǷ֮أңȥɡ
˿̵γУһլԺͯĺͷһӣ㾶ֱߵԺһľ᷿⣬š

棬һŮӵ
ͯĺйָļҩ˵Ŷ룬ŵ˫ŮʱһЦˣϢһϢҪһ
ͯĺеĴˣȻ粣˿̵ȫͬˣΪһϵıҲںϣ类ĸԹһ㣬Ȼ˿ʥ֮С
Ŷ˵һõġ粵Ц
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Դ󾪣ü⻹Ϣѽܲκʲô
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ͯĺεı£ǾԲİû٣Сǲ
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ͯĺٺһЦŤͷ⣬ƺĿ⣬Ⱥ˽
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Ⱥ˵꣬һֱı飬Ҳ
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һζͯ磬ҵͯҼҷˣһͷˣָмĳͯĺҪ¹
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ͯĺͻȻһۣһץļͷŭСӺҿǵһҪȣӦʹˣǣ֮ʱܾͯܿڻҰˣ
㰡ǵӣʱˣ۲ԳưأҲЦЦڿʲôˡ
ڵ룬˶Ǹп֣£ȻҲǵĺֵܣʱ꣬ٴμͯĺѾѹûɶ仯ļһʵͯĺһֱͲôҺӴƽʱҲǿмϣڴ˲ڣͯĺҲֻǺ¿䣬ѯһȵȡ


679 ĹǵҪ
꣬һлͷһСӤĴصеݣȻ
Ҳڣ粲֪๫һ˶٣ŰȻصȴںս׷ĪʱգԽĽѿ
ߺˣ
˸п䣬һЦԽ᷿ȳ粹֣㿴Ҿһ񣬵겻Խ統·Ƿ
ԽĪҪЦңĳ¶֣ҲԽһȭ
ԽǻؾһſŻֵҲǱ֪ÿɰã
һЦҼҹӻԽԽˣҼҹѾݣȴǰ϶ȥˡ
Ŷ
ԽһЦҲȷǴ˵磬ǲ²⵽Ԫ˧ڴˣǰ
ԽȳԮ֣ҵ治֪ʮԸ¶һ˿
ҲǴӳ֪Ϣʴһ˵أܽԪ˧ǵѲѾӽβ⣬պˣֻ֮ϣǻǺúõ£ϾԪ˧̥£˱߰
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δȥϣȻҪΣգڻԶӵı£ӦȫӦȥеЩǾΣˣ
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ν繥ģԶһһĹʲô˵࣬ʵܸտϣˣĹǡ
ˣ۳һ֮͢λҲ˵ʣλȻκԷˣ
ھ죬˿ԺˣʮĴԲ
Σ˵ǰ竣֪ڱˮ˶ٻء
´ҵʱ̣ʲôЩƽĴӵˣЩޣֺĲʲô
ǹƱǿѧΪɽ
һһ׮׮޲ڸձ˺ݺݼ⣡
Щ򣬵ͬʱҲ˼ʡ
֪壬´ʱֻ֪ڼУǹ񣬰̾ļҹļ˾ͶţЧң½ʱ̲סܳЩ׵£ͼӴһȫǡ
УονľְˮһЩһЩŹӣ֪ʱΪд˶ٶ׫ڮٻʸŻʸԴ˲ʱǱ罣īѪֽϿ̻һƬۻ಻ൽ£
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֪յ竣Ķһʸ类ݺһ׵ˣ˺󷢷ͼǿĬһ䡰ʸҡͶиҵⷢȣ
ԣεʲôûֻ֪Ժ󣬲֪ɡ
ǺͶ̫Զ޷֪ҲӦףȻЩģҲġ
ʸеҲܿоͯغϣֻҵ½ιˣ̫ϼ޻мɱͱ׵ˣͻȻͳϣԲΪѲԪ˧
Խ˵꣬㿴һۻ᷿ż˵˵غܰȫǾԣ˵֪һоˣ
ȻҵҲҪȫᶨ
УҪٸʸδģ

룬ͷðɣһᾡڷǰӣҲѡ
Щ˰˵ΪӺãҲִ̫˵㣬㲻ߣ˲˵˵˵ʸĺãе̥Ҳģһ˻̥⣬յأ๫ֲߣʱŮ˵ģ𣡡
ԽЦ˵꣬ӻӣֶС
ףԽΪⷬˣȷԣȻϼǿզ룬˭˵أ
һӳߵǾ仰ΣһŮˣŮ˾дʱ򣬶̥ڼ䣬أӲߣ˴Ŷӣȶզ죿̥Ӱİһһӣʲôʲôǻȥ
ȿɣ
Ҳֻˡ
ˣ˱⸮ۡסѲʿҲͣЪˣ˶һر֪γͯĺԽǺ¶Ҫǰʲô
ʮְ֮
˿̣ͬʱγǣȴһۡʾγǵͳ˧Ǯ壬˿һ¸ñ˵ʲô
޿ܣ粱Ȼγǣߵ
ߣ½ιҲֻǲ²⣬˵ѾѲ࣬粵һëҲû֣Ѳֻ˷ʱ䣡Ǯߵ
ǰ²ͻȡ£ҵд˰ܣ
˵ʲô˵һ䣡
ǮһӣŭܿܣͻȻݸһЦЦҵǲˣѾûˣ
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ŭǮ壬ɱҲûж֡
룬ǹзԸҪΪأΪС¶˴¡
ڼ飬Ѳ粣ŭһ
ҵˣǮ¿ŭˣܲ˵ıǱ˻ɵĽʿͷϣ˿꣬벻ڣ˲ɣǽжຮİ
һЩ𣡡ӷЦˡ
͸Ӳˣȷгǧʿұͳǵһǵһ·׷˵޶֮˵Ǯߵ
ҿɲЩܾ֮ܶˣλȥҪһѲЩĸۡ޷֤ɹŻ᲻سŵǰڽɽˣ
вңǮɫ
̸вֻʵ£
˵꣬˦ȥһ粻Ǯ塣


680 ع
γǮǰУףֱսĽ죬ǹһվıֱĿⶼŵŵǮϡ
ǮҪѣһص
ǰǮȲ˵Ǵ𲻴ӦӦѲȥҲһü
㵱밡Ǵ󽫾Ҫȫ϶Ӫˣҳ粣һ̰ɣշξӪǮ޿κε
ƾ޾ݣֱӴ븮Ѳ˺֮´ȥʿϣǮ˼
Ѿضԣ
Ǯγ֪еѳȻãæһ֪жٽʿбۿأһΪֵܵǮԣѽܵģ
պγһҩУͯĺż̥ҩҪ뿪ҩ̣ͻȻӭײһˡ
ߺⲻͯǡһͯĺͬƫЦ
Խ콫ǺǣϴѲʱһˣһ󣬱ǰ͵Ϯ˵˸첲ơ
ͯĺЦţߣӣһõİײƿһЩ¶·ЩѪ˿ڡ
ߺ˵ĲᰡԽԽң˲ⱣͯҪСˡ콫Ц
İɣйһΣҴⰡ
ͯĺ˵꣬Ҫ콫һ仰ʱͯĺˡ
ˣͯѵϢûУ
ϢʲôϢͯĺ΢ںʲôʱ̣κһϢҪ춴Ϥ
˵ҲİһʱǰһһﴳҵĸУ˵ֱӷ䵹񣬵׼ҪǶʱǮСӵĿȮˣֱӰһҿôţȻѲ粣˵˵ѲоȻѲ鵽ҵͷˣβ˺İ˵ҪǴ󽫾ҲͰˣɴ󽫾Զڻϣ콫Ǯٴ˵Դһݣ㴦ѹҵһͷмҲȫ˸ռˣڣѲҲֱѲǣûѲԼˣ
ͯĺ콫˵ô࣬ﶼ켱ˣҲçⲻɫĹҲˣֻҡͷһЦο콫
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˵⣬ͯĺɫͻȻֵ֣ǣ꣬ȴæʱҵȾܾʹ˰ݣ
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һУλҲһ
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콫˵꣬ת뿪ͯĺȻҲ뾡뿪ҪԲԽʱģ
콫ҩһˣòֻǸ֪ͯĳ°ɣ
Ŷˣ
콫˵ţͷҩ̣ڱƹһ䡰ӣҩȻСϹ˿ˣͯĺЩɻ󣬲ɶ½Ųƹӵһס󣬾ȻдСޡĳ룡
ģ˷ʱ䣡
ͯĺһŸۡȥ
ͯĺصſڣãһа˵Ľʿڵ˹
ţ
ͯĺɻתͷȥüʲô£
ͯǴ󽫾ڴˣ㿴ɡ
ͷĽ˵꣬ݳһֽͯĺӦͺȵͣ¸ʲôѣ
ѣǺǣƾʲôͯĺͻȻſһվס˵
㲻ԼΪ׽ŭͯĺȻ䵱£Ҳģ֮ǰͰƵۡΧˣͯĺӣҲǰæһ
ʲôͿ⡭˼ʶֲ࣬ɷдʲô
ͯĺЩ꣬Ѿѧ˲֣֪ʴ⻰˵ȷΪ׽Ҳҹڵѣһֱӽֽмؾ
֣ͯĺֹ꣬һ
к֣Ϊ׽ü
Ǵ󽫾ױ飿ͯĺֱΪ׽
⡭Ī㻹ΪҵȻƭ㲻ɣΪ׽ɫ΢΢һ䣬˵
ңֻͯĳԴ󽫾ľ壬ˣ벻ҵǰŸոֹͣѲţ󽫾ˣδ֪
ͯĺ˵꣬һʾɣ
˵⻰Ϊ׽һ븮ʱͯĺﲻɰ̾һ뵽Ҳֻˣϣа취ɣ
һ븮УɢǰԺĻԣףԺо£Ƿе񴲵ףԺļɽˮһϸһŪۡһƬǱ˼㡣
ͯĺɫҲԽԽѿȴ٣
𣿡ͯĺŭΪ׽
Ϊ׽ûлػֻһ»㱨
ĩˣΪ׽һͯĺһȭҲԸеͯ
Ϊ׽˵꣬תһֱȵߣ
ŴȥͯĺûƬиȻǱֱ뿪ãŻָתŸмΪŻԪ˧ɰã
ЩʵǵĻͷԼԵĹԴǸǲ˵ˣΣҲ죡Ҫģǵļɶԥݰ۳Ľ۳ȨƵˣǵǳϴڣĻʸΡ
ҪܻȥͶ˻ʸ½磬Ӱ
İɽλСѾˣ㻹ûʱͽԪ˧͵͵˸У
˵ҵȷǰæһˣͯĺû
ҲȻ
ͻȻͯĺһԽ
ôˣظҲ㣿ͯĺЦ
ﱻѲʱͬѲˣǱּ·üͲıۡˣҵʴӦްˣ벻߳˻£һ˰ԽЦ
˵С磿ͯĺ
ţû˳֣ÿǽ̤ɿ̹Ƕģ;飬ٺòˣҲѹ֣һ·Ȼִγˣ
ƽﲻ˵һˣٶҲô˼ҵעˣͯĺԽǺ˽ˣһçݽ棬ȥЩļһǾἰѧ֮ʿԼѧѧ˼ôűаٳġ
㻹ǲװԽͯĺһĴ̲סҡҡͷ
ԽȷҲЩһˣΪ˾ɵսҲֻȫжϣӦˡ
¡ڵïֻһر£ֻôɱɱʵԽСأ
ͯĺǵĽУԽ֪һ˶һʿ֤Ĵϻˣ󣬵һ·Ǯʤ࣬ҲΪϻ֪ɱ˶ٴ˶о
Щоֱ󶼲ףһʲôı£׾ص˵ʱȫûаʹеǹϵһ
ΪֻڱΣ
ҪһˣȻͲҪ֪˵ĵϸȻһ㣬ȴԲסԼҪܶණ
ͣǰ̣һжʱǰҲñˣҲֱ˿̣Ӻݣͺһ¼֪µˣٰ֮
һոǿȾˣȻںµģ
Խֱعް


681 ǰ
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ˣȫˣܵģСɱǹȥϢһ£ʣµ齻ˡïݵ
ţİɡ
ĿïȥԾݶĿڸԺѲ
˿̣ͯһۡУͯĺƫ۵һ飬üߵʲô
Ǯ̫ͻȻ˳ҸУ˵ֱӷ䵹񣬽üмȮҿû޶СӹҪ˶ˣ
ǺðҿǰɵС檸ӹˣӻڴϰ£ͻȻʹҲͰˣҪǿӣλСɶ˵ĸ飿ȥһμˣСΪЩӣҪҪǱҸָ˵
ԴǮͶԽ֮ҵȵӱһ첻һ죬뵱ݳ۳ɳʱģ±סҲסͷĹԽҲͰˣȻʹǣתһȫﵽҵͷϣ
Խ֮ʣȻҪ£˭һǮδ̫֪ôˣΪԽĸҵӣ󣡡
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ͯĺЩ˵һ䣬Ŀ콫ɫʵ취࣬ɷһƣ
콫ɫΣЦһǮθն࣬Ȼмְˣֻƾ£ʵѰᵽǣȽС±󣡡
ô󷨣һۣ׷ʵ
ǮˣֻѲǼۡȴûԼĸۡ˵ΪԷڣֻҪʿ֪࣬Խͳ󽫾ǮȻùڽγǶãҵȸ˱£۳һһصĹһԽȻɣ
ãô죡
춼Щ˷ܣǮ壬ǿǺ޵˵ԽʵǣЩƴƴĽʿȴ˲䱻Ǯ˹ʣԽǰ˵ϻֵ½ʿҲǮ˵õ̫ʹͣԹ죬ҴʱҪķԸƾʲô
˽Ҫϸֺú󣬱׷ɢȥ
ͯĺûм뿪콫ҲС
ͯлû˵ˣ콫Ц
ţʵͯĳѾһǶǮ壬Խ
⡭콫һѹͯ⻰ɲ˵
¸񣡡
ͯĺΪȻһӲξûܻŻȥûʲôٻһкξ壬ҾֵǸȥǰڵʱжЩʿͱ˵ˣڽʲô°ԽȡʤձԥݣѵҪ򣿡
콫ͯĺ⻰˼ǶԥˣͯĺļʮѾˡ
ʴˣͯĺĽƫУҲõģͯĺ壬ҲÿɱУǳǰ棬չ֣콫ҲǷ顣
ͯĺǲԥݵĸ׿ս콫γˣΪɲѡ
ͯʲô˵ģ˵ɣģҾԲģ콫ص
ʲôҵξΪ˸ףϣչһǣڣݣǧһǵжԣµֵܣҲԹˣҲֻ˵һ뿪ˣǷ
ͯĺ˵⻰콫ء
ͯɲǰ
֪ûѡΪվֵǱߣǼȻˣҾҪǻȥ
ңǶԣǶôݳ޵뷨
ݺüˣ˭ңһزȥ
˵콫ͯĺңΪǷţɽϽһĸķޣң뿪ǰǸĺ
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룡
콫˵仰˶ƺ˼꣬ͯĺûб׼Ҫʱ콫ͻȻӰ˵ͯǧҪ
ף
ͯĺͷ߳鷿
ͯĺ뿪츮󣬲ûֱӸϻͯȥһԽסСԺ
˵ˣԽͯĺЦЦ
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ԽԵȻһЦҡҡͷźģڳ𣬵үִʱҵóΣ£Ҳнյķ⣬ǣιΣ÷ԣΪ˱һ£Ƿ䵽Ǯ£ǮѹԴ˲ˣ˭ҲĴ治ˣ
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Խ˵Ŀɾεľ棬Ȼͯĺû޶Ǽ粻ֶʱ䣬ҲӦһЩˣξȻ⣬ҳµĵأǣɴˣ
ȥˣͯĺҲ࣬Խ˵ף
һˣͬ
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ʵԽЩǲ²⣬û˵Ϊʸѧԥа˶ü԰ԺݣöʰϣͬʱҲ฻̳ǮʣرԶׯȾ޸Ϊ׵ˣҵˣ
Խ˾˼㣡
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ˣ£ʲôطܱȵ۳ǰأ
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۳ǰȷܺãźصԥݣͶ۳ʱӾͱںãץס粣׸ԽźľһŲǮͷϣ
Ȩʧ˵ǣ˿ɱɱѵĵزԽȻҲںȨäţһ·۳ԱںαΪһʱٻǰƽնأ
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ϢܿʹǮУȻ֪Ҫҧһڵģʱŭˡ
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Ϣŭ࣬ԽΪС£͹ｫأ
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ǣͯĺԤϣǾȻҪֱȥ·һ·һ·أһ·ֱضȥҪض۳о·ߣβ޷
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᷺ʹ̸Σ۳߲֪ΨһҪģʱȨĻʸΡ
ջʸ˵ᣬ᷺ú̸̸ʲôʱ̸ˣʲôʱٴȥʴˣһεо·ߣȻûֱƻȴγһ뻡ΧʽֻȻϵ˳֡ֱ֣ɱȥ
ǿӲɣ͵󳼶ǼԣκΣ⣬ʵ۶ӵŮˣǻզأ
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Ȼ֪Ȩʥʲôιģһ̣ɿڣȵʱ۳ҲҪˣŵʲôô˭֪һ۳࣬һƾͼƣͶ۳ʵᷣһ̷ǡ
һǺֱӿʲôջҪ࣬뿴ְԸ
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ֻû뵽۳ʸȻһţ˸дţݺܼ򵥣֮ڣͶմ۳ٳ£ݹˣ
ȨʥֻһЦΪ۳ĻʸҲ˵ûʵȨŮ۳ŮʣɱϾСûʲôȨˣˣΨһĵҲǸ򸵡
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684 磿
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˵ľ׶һûдС֣֮ȴиеͣУ͵ĵͯĺľӣо̣⿿ҲУıҲǺҪһ⣬ͳ죡ûͳôŷͣıڸߣҲġ
źͯĺıԱȲԽͳȴǵμģڼͷǮ壬Ҫ䵱·ʯôºͯĺ˶ȻҪհˣ
źȴһСǰȥͻЭ̣ԽŽͯĺеϣϲ춨ȻȫǣԾɲɵģڿʼÿжҪȺ飬ϸéǳԸͷȱˮҲҪӱСģ
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ᣬڳǸУ˵رΪȨʥĸۡȨʥڻǳƵʵˣĸۡĶ
ټǰУϯһߣǰͯĺ˵λ󷽣һЩıĻţУξ򳤵λӣЩУȻΪİףλƫ£ûҲ֡
ֱҲͬҲлǰҲǹٽԴεԱ
ȴǿտյΪȨʥˣͯĺ߾Ȼܳûͳ˧˵ĹٽһȻû˭ֱȥ
ν磬һ߶ûУ˭ˣ
춼ǽȻʴˣ飬ͯĺѡһ
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û취ӷǮ嵽ڣͷԼƤȥȲ˵Ļ᲻ӦͬţҲ϶ҪԼˣ
ͯĺ˶뷨ʴˣƨըȥź˾ͺ
ȻλΪԺǰ̣ͨƨǱزٵġ
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󣬻ͯĺһ仰ƳţźԳһЦҲ÷ϻҼȻ䵽Ҫֻܻ繷


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źǣλԥݽݻϿĽشͬʱҲˮ·֮ͨεļӣλЩı䣬ȴͬҲռˮ·ĳǳء
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ҿѾǵ˱԰
ﰵһ䣬ϺٺЦɶ㿴ҲǸˣ̽ôѽγ£
ߺһ죬

㲻вܲ㰴֪Լҽڰ
ΰһ䣬ٴͿĸŴ˴ͷŰס
εֱַרҵУһŴ˵ãⲻһȫû꣬精Ѿ˯ˣαҲ֪ʹ㣬㳹ˡ
գһͱ粽ͥԺڹ
˵ڹҲûС˵ǰܸɽţʲôһָʮƵȵȡ
κһʧ䣬ϾҪԼܷųһ⣬ǺεȵţƣԼСʱ롣
ȭ
ˣ
ԣڳȭ
ԣţǡôִˣ̧ˣвУѽôôɹͦõģȫͲ֪á
˵꣬ͻȻžһ£һӾͳ๫ϣ۵һ죬ȹϵϣȥ
٣˭˵ģø㿴һ̫ȭϢȭںһľ裬ӵ쾡¡
׹ȭʲôõóֵģ
粲ϲŭ޾Ҫ๫һ£ŵٴһֵлú˵ܱ𶯲һ𣬾û£ҲҪ˼һĺӰ
ţ๫˵ĺܶԣï
Զïٷ⻰ŵܣͻȻٷһŵֻõͷܹū״ʮĵϥ¹СڣٷкηԸ
һһҺ
Сף
ïӹޣбһƳӣɫѿһͣƺ˵ӰɹֲСˣ˭öŰأ


700 
ز⣬ϡ˼ƣ
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һһ䣬һȭŴ꣬δѯһ䡰ΡͰһӣ۵һ߸ߡ
ôˣοͷʵ
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㻹ʣΣû⣬Ҳ
ߺãȻɣϢһ£
Сĸ裡
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ïһΰÿҪʲôʱûкӹΣҲȲΰ
һٴݲ£κòװ˳Էʱ䣬ڵõϢĻᣬɷû꣬Ŵ˷¿ӵ
ˣɡ
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˭γģ˭ҵģΪʲôͦһӣ£һһʽḶ̌ɤӶ캰ˣ˭һġ
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ɰòа뵽һҪú˵˵ɲȥϾԼҲǸ˰һݵλˣ򣬲˵ܱܲöȸĥˣ
Ȼϴ裬ص䣬ոڴϣûڣŴ˾ʹչӣǰ½óҩ࣬һһͿĨﻹʹϧ˵𣿡๫ɲܹҲΪð֮²ТӣС
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ţ㲻ɲȻɹŲˮս֮ǰͷȻҪڳһΣΪҪǣҲ룬ҰĲ֮ʺй֮޲粺ͬεĲ²
ĩ˼֣ȥפ
˵꣬ͻȻӿڵˣҲȥоֳܼ̫ԶֻҪͷܿɣ
ĩף
˵꣬ڶȥԸפ֮¡
α׼Ŵ˼һγľٶŸոտڣ粱㵭Ц๫ЩͲòˣ书ȥɣ
Ŵ˿˼ޱȰȷ֣úϢһ֪Īޣƨɶܲ³๫Ļˡ
ǣû߶ãͻȻһˣһ£αٴεõϢˡ
˿òԥݾ̣ׯ
ˣ
οׯϲᰡ
ʸׯͻȻסһ
ûɶģ۲ǿڣ
˵ţͻȻֵԥΣˣͷ
ׯû֮ǰʹ֪ҪʲôˣȻȻ׼ˡ
ʸģʮܴյóġ
ţ˾ͺãȻ˵㣬֮⣬Ӧûв˹ɣ
ǰ֪Ҫһʸһƨһ춼첻߰
ǿν찡֪ٸˣ׬ֲ֪ͣ۲˶̷Ľ˶̼ң


701 Ǵ˿
꣬ꡭ
γŶׯ֣ʾõ˵ٶöׯޱȣԪ˧ڳ㻹๫أʲô
Ȼ֪ʸιˣׯҲòȥλԪ˧֣еķһ飬ƺûпԼһۣׯǰʵʸιģ
ûɶЩ̷˵˵ÿ綼һΣܶ࣬һͿԣòҪͬˣ໻
⡭ʸҪʲô룬ιʲټһ˵ףĪǡ
ׯΪι̷ôҲҪЩûһǴˣʲô׬ͷܿ£˻ʸȻ׬ˡ
뵽ˣׯɸˣ֪Сžš
챻ҲҪ۳ˮˣοһѪ֮־ҲǺܼᶨ
˻ʸǴ˷ҵȫˣӦòֹɣׯֻòôˣһԸиҵδЩˡ
˵ʵôҳǮ·
·
ׯһ㶣ЦʸĪǿЦɣ֪Żʸԣ·ʵǳֺð
ˣҪ¸·һ·ҲûУô¸
ʸԵȷڲ·ΪλҪأ
ׯҲ֪·Ҫԣر̵˶ԣû··𣬿νһһذ·㲻ͨ˴Ĺٵǳͨ裬ҲڷѲƷȥްɡ
֪ʲô˵·ͨ·ʯ·
ߺʸǳ˰ׯҲ˼εˣֱҡͷ
㣬غͺԥҪãܱ漸ʣ
ͨոҹϢĻҲҪʮ죬Ҳ죬ҺҲҪʲôϺ֮࣬һԣñͣȴ̼;б߻̷ܳܵͨ붼ˣׯЦ
ʻĺ㵽ǱߣǼ۱Ȼƽ𰡣
ʸ˵ûȷܹʸҪ׬ǮĳҪ˵һ䲻ˣǲˣԥҲǲ֪˭Ե𰡡
ʯ·ҵ´Ѻ˵ԥݣֻأ
죡ôܣׯɴ۾һš
ûʲôܵģ·ͨ󣬲ݵزܿ˵ԥݣԶ
ʸǲҪտ˵׻ΪãϾ㣬ҲŰ
µȷҪӳ飬ã׼ǿ۽ɡ
αòźЩģ뵽󣬻ǾЩʲôȰѽһ·̺ã֣ͨͨݡֱ
һΪ̵һ棬Ҳÿɹŵǰ߸õһð
ò˵ǺܴḶ́ûʮϢɣɹŵҲһɵģܱԴǿˡ
֮ǰҪˮΪôѾˡ
֮ǰ뻹ʱ̵׽ضˣ½μۼֻҪΪԥη̣һˣ
ֲ֮ǰγǸŪ֣Ҫθ̸
ﲻȥƫƫҪȥγǣ¿ɲð˰
˼ǰƬ̣ոоγǻҪγǣҪȡ֮´ˮ·źأϿȥԥݣ¿ȥݣɾһ·
๫ʲôأ
ͻȻκ棬һǰԺֵԱˣ
šεͷм
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๫һһ࣬ᵽһ˿õζ
ҪγǣҪʱգʵ
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˵⣬ͷһ£ֵúؼҳϣֱټͯȹ»ڴγǣһҪһʱ䡣
һ꣡
һҡͷ̫˰ɡ
ȻҲпģҷǳ죡粺ȻЦ
Ŷʲô˷ܵ
ɱᷣ

ɱȷǿУҰԲˬ˼ΪԽ߸ڶ࣬ʵ˵ɱܴɱġ
Щ๫ͱˣβ轣㣬кã
粷һ䣬¶СѵЦ˷ʱˣˡ

һȥڶʱոյõСݵΣɻͯĺ˹
Щæ˻϶Ҫˣο˵
ȥɣû㡣һ豭ڡ
η¿ӣܳȥǰԺ㿴ɻͯĺվ⣬߰˳ߵĺӣվСԺſڣ䲻ҲѹΪʲôԽļһҪվԶԶˡ
ʸ
ʩ񣬴ΰڰֺԽȿڵˣ
ʲô㲻˵Цɣһأ
οǾֱڣžݲϷأ۳Ҫפس־Ҫǰɴ˿ɼǴʲô˼ˣ˿̾ȻԼԼץסˣ
뵽⣬鷿ҡ
˵꣬תߡ
ɻһۣԽ߳СԺһԣʸشˣ
ţ·
һʮһ𣬴߳һʮذ׳۵ӣǺΡ
ΰ룬һŹϣüĿ߱ڣӵǿúܣһ֮֮øС
ԽںɻʱͻȻЦ겻佫
ߡɻֻһ÷ϻ
Ҳ⣬ֻǵȻһЦԽԺС
ѱ䣬ͬһУкΣΪϼ޻ͷ񣬶ҿһЩͷ֣ͣͷԾתߣԾˣľݻǺúõأ
ϾҪΪȻҪ˴̣ԥݾУһֻɻģ
˿νϳˣȻʲô
ӺεıͿƺҲûкɻŭ˼ףһŸȥûʲôýȻɻںﲻʲô˿ΰ
뵽ΣƲѰ
֪һﵽ󣬹¾ûϹһ׾ٵľͻ¡ù죬󻹰˼С޲£÷ӷӲɢˣֵĻӷȻָҪ޸ⶼ֣ôԺ˰ɣ
Ȼϣοǵʵ˿Ͱ
ֱڣõĳǱ˯ĴҲǵɴ·̺ٱӵĺЬ鷿ԶЩһѡ
Ҳ˴һЩھݴ׬һʣɽӶ˼ʮʮɴʲôģջûŪһͭ
úθӶθȤˣϡļһȻͨˣֻһֱԵһҲ֪ǷԸԳ


702 
ν鷿ʱһ۱㿴ΣЩ⣬ΪŮ˵һﳤޱȣɽһȻ෴
γúܿӢĿǿεĿ
񣬼𪣬һС
Σμʸ
Ȼ֪ʸһְһûʵȨģû룡ΪûʵȨҲҪٴĵʸְλľͷӣҲΨȣЩͨˡ
˺۳Ÿɵˣȷû˭ǰ
شˣ
ú£ڷԸԽº󣬲ѯʵش˴˷ˣΪ£
Ȼʸˣ¹ҲĨˣģԪ˧ıڴ˴ֲ£ֿ챻ɹŸռˣʴˣ¹ٴ˷ӻʸ֪ԸԪ˧мɰգ
ʮɣ

Ҳû˵ú˲Զԡ
ŵˣûûεģƾʲô͸ҿ϶ᷱذܣҪ֪᷿϶ɹнʣɹűǿ׳ƥлǹ˼һ˿Ҳ㡣
ʸ˵̫
㲻ţ

ٴƬ̣Цһúã¹ٵȻţ
ǿԼ˵ţκԼһ
ңһЦֵһ䡰л󣬶豭СһڣŷűʵȻʸоԵţô¹Ҳ˵ⷬ⣬ҺؼԴ뿪ٶ꣬һֱϮҲ뵽һϵ
˽⡣
εȻ׺ε˼ΪϵҲһռһӺ֣ӺʱڣͰӺݿñʲôҪһ֮͸ؼˣ
ʵǵȷҲһ֮ˣһŵĹȣͬʱεγԣǲģγǲϰ£ڳ͢УطʵȨȴû볯ǽȻ෴ֳɾݣѵɳȥԼ齨ʵһϮƶȣͬ뷬˰
ӪĴڣͷˡ
Ҳһ̫ϰſʼ֪һӪרžͶԷǣ
ˣʵӪһ֣Ǿ֪ˣ֮ûзһʱ죬Ҳ֮߱߱ˣ
Ӫܳһٶ꣬ɱɹľһĴ̫ϮλΪͬһ֮ԽӪų켺Լ̳иλ
ҲҲӪּΣȻʱӪѾӰҲ֪ԼֻǱµһӶѣ
ʵǶʮкӪֵļһԳΪӣӰӣ
۴ԲԣջҪ۳ȡλ̫ܴܲҲεıŮ̳лλָ볯ڿпܣʮζ֪ľǶǴˣһʲô˼ǰѴƽɽңأֱǴ۳£
¹֪ͳ͢ԣܱܿһңʸӦףΪʸҺһȨȥɣ
˵û򸵵ȷóӺݣ׽۳ͳΣ۳ŮŮҲܣ
֪ش˲뽻ȨҲȻҴӦ㣬ԺȻǺؼҵģǰҪ֤һ£˳Ҵ۳ľģ
Դϲ˷ܵлʸ仰ԣʮʿѾ͵һȥһˣ
ʮ򣡡
һϲɫĵͷȺشҲҿڴʰɣͷұ鳯͢ɳʹͺشֹ齵һ£
ƽԥݺ󣬳͢ʮɳʹͺ֣ϧαϸһ£ȴһϣֱҲûһĺԼ
ʱ۳ҪݣҲ͸˺δϢ֮ڳɶѱճ̹£ƽҲһʱˣҪĻǴ˼һҲ齵Ǻεľݿ϶Ϊһս
ɽۻôãҲûץסʱò˵翹۳ĲǿʢΪεСðգҰڵĻҵԼУκˣ
ҪͶҲҪ׼ˣҸǩԼµģ˼һͷˣú˭ȥ
֮׼ΣΪƷʵ˿ͣ˿ף
κܾǰ֪ˣȻܶഫ˵ݣңˮ޷Ĵڣ뾡취ֺ񣬴Ӷ¡һ죡
˺ഫŶ˵Ҳ̰е棬ſſһ˵رˡ
һˣܳΪʸ˵δ⡭
ս£һأɽر˴ʮڣնɱ̩飬ܸ֮ɳģ
Уƾֱӵ˻ʵҲûʲôˣ̫ˣֱ˺ͨ
˺ս¶ӰУʲôȴ֪֪ģ¥ϣһѻ˼ʮݸյþ⡣
Ϣֻһ֡ݣĺݣ̫ݣ̫
Լһʮڣ󣬱ԴΪ粴òɿʱԼҶ֣սƽԼұȻӵԥݴأҲ뾡취ϰʳֻҪҥԷŵĺãûаղҸʱ϶ԸԼң˺ޣһ˹齵ľˡ
սλĵطĵѧǿǺѧϰһ㡣
ںΣȫһǣȴµˣҪڲƭسŵôҲ֪˭ˣ
۳ة򸵣̫ϣһЩнϳ
ܣЩˣǺģΪ˭أ򲻿ڹٳôãȸλˡ
ЩСǣȷҲмܳʵģʮа˾Ŷ̫ۣ˵ҲҰǵҲ̫ΨΣɫϵĲСĶͽᣬʴĻȨأ۳Ů˶֪ٱ
ʸһ¹һ¡úͻȻڵ
Ŷ˵üһ豭ϳɵʵ
˵ʸˮһѧ
ۡ
ԣһڲˮֱ˳
ʲôأΪһӦҪ˽ǹ죬һҪԼ˵ʣȴ֪զгѧأ
ˮѧտʼܿܣܵܶɣܳųҲǡ쳣͵ԺʦǣǵڣѧӶԸΪԺ룬ۣǰ粣۳ŮʣŮӿ˽ȻͬŲ˼˵Ȱס͵ܣƣˮѧ
ֳɹģ֮ȻŵĻ⣬ɶõķ˵ˡ
һԺѧӵĲѧԺѧӵգԺѧӵգԺѧӵľԺѧӵļգҽԺѧӵҽũԺѧӵĸ֣ŪԺһСƨ֪ʶӴ󣬶ԶԶǰ֪˶ˮѧ࿴ֻޱ
Щ֣߾ȣοǺأǰѾݵļңвԼһٺأ


703 ս½
λصУȫעĿһŵͼ߹ȥЦ㲻ǿ飬ǿͼЩûб𡭡Ŷˣ㻹һ飡
һ죬๫һۣĿڵͼϵڲ²᷵⡣
أˮ˵ţ߹ȥݵͼƬֵ̣ʲôˣ
һ㣬ֻûô󣬵Ҫѡ·ڼ๫Ĳ²⣬ܿҪһսˣ
Ŷѵй򶫺Ƕĺ·˳ưݸ£ü
ΪҲ๫֮ǰĲ²⣬ɹҪٴγ˴ϰᷱУݣ¶ɹţﻹݰҪлˣ
Ƕؾж٣
һ򣡡
ô֪ͻȻֱŴˡ
⡭θɡ΢΢һ죬һ
ȴһ˵㲻Ҫκˣ̥ȺӳӣôھôڣҲ˵㣬治ʺϼǲˣ
̧ۿ๫˶ӼĿжǼᶨ쳣ûаÿԡ
գľȻ粰ҡͷһ̾ڵðɣҲκϣ
ǴһһҪ֣а취ﶨȻܣΪ뿴ѻģЩҲá
һ˼ɳ򣬼᷵һһĳ޷Ӳ̣Ҳܲ롭ָ֮ǰ𣿡
ţġ粵ȻһЦϵĵͼûУһѶЦⶫҲҪӡ
Ϊ޻ܸʲô粴üͷ
ǺӲǿҪˣβ廨£һЩСء
˶ƲͿˣΪķ
һ㶣ѾΪʲôܰսҲ˼ңԼķأ
Ƕ಻ðֲǼҵĺӣЩ߲֪жֲأҲҲ֪᲻Ūٻ⴩˰֢զ죿Щ£Ӧøһݴɣ
Ϊ޿治๫Ļ˶룬¶ΪҪ÷ʲôҪԼҪԼҲԼ֣Ҫȷʮ껹ǰˣ

죬ЦúãҪܰսҲ룬Ҿ͸ѵͼ㡣
оЩᲢۣΪޡ
δ˵꣬ϵ޴СΨĶۣ뿴Ǵģǰۣûá
˵꣬ѵͼһһ䡰ΪȥˡͷҲصĻ뿪
粿๫뿪ıӰС΢΢֣һĨЦ֮󣬱ޱ˵ï׼һͼ
ïͻȻУȳһۣȷ뿪εıȭСף
ܺãȻȥ͸ͻ׼£
лٷ˳ȫ
ïһﰵӰɱСİСҲΪԼҸܶһǧ̫
죬ÿպһЩ⣬Խæ˵ز̷ǳصĺҲּԥݵ̵
Щ黹ûæ꣬һͷ紫Ϣƶķ߻ڲУ̽Ӵ᷹̽꿤ƺûаֵ˼Ȼ߱ƽ
θоʮֲȥ᷿϶Ҫ϶ɣһʧأһ̱ǳ˿߲űפڳݳǵֿɾʮҪ統һһʧأ߽ȫ̱Ҳ᧿Σ
ô죿
˼ǰ󣬸оҲֻһ·赲ᷱϵĲ
Ҫ赲̸ף
Ȳ˵ؾ֮һ򣬾˼ӵڻ֪꣬޷ֹˡ
֮βΪһˣϷ߸ƣͯƽݣȥҲˣʱֻһ޼ҿɹĺӣ
һ·˵Ĺ򶫺ɹ֣ʱ۳ȫ򶫺ﻹݰ
ҪȡȡݳǣݳֻǧҰԥݹ±ڹ꿤ЩǮıǮȻҪפع꿤ᷱ·ͺݳǣݳǵıҲ򣡡
뵽ͻȻһ֮С
ˣʲôأҲԺǹȭ룬ͻȻסãǹѯʡ
Ŷûʲô
λعЦһ䣬ͻȻ뵽ʲôʵˣ˵𣿡
ǵȻǰ˲д˴ʮ𣡡µЦ
Ǻǣʵֱ컹ƣǸ̩ôģҿǼǵ˴Ӫ󣬶û̩飬ԼȴϢԼˡ
ҼСɱˣ߱ǹģʵ
ܣȻҲ֪̩Ը񣬼Ͱ˧ʰǰӪʮӪ·ʮ֮һûƣ̸ɱ˧ʰ
˵⣬üͷ̩ʬҲû֣ǴˣʴҲ֪ġ
ĪǱ˸ɱ˰ɣº
ôܣ̩ߵĽʿҲԼӪ룬ʲô˴̿Ӫȡ˸̩ͷأҪˣǻҪã˭ͳ˭ˡ
Ҳ˵ҿ϶УͿԣǱر´ֲǲ֪
ǺǣҲ
˵⣬ͻȻüһѵ
˭һ㶵
Ŀ⿴˼ɽϵ轣ѽǰˣ
ǲˣɽأǻմϱ̬𣬺ʱϱ̬ʧˣʱҲûȥϸ룬ڻ⻹˭
ѽүҪŶð
һţ̾һ
ȻѧմĽҲӦ߳ʵˣ£ʮҲвһմ󣬱ϾմҲȫһֽԷģѧһ׽Σʵ£رǱкͰɱβпܳΪһ̿еľ֣Ҳп᷸ܰɵ
ӹ񣬴̿ͶţëɱҲ廨ţһͳһģڴɱĿ󣬻ܴҡ뿪ļһĸ֣Ҳ˵ɱĿ꣬ͲܳΪ֣羣רȵȣȻʧܣҲҪǴɱĿˣ
һһӼѶȻǱѰ
̩ǳ⣬ͻȻڴֲ֮£մ֣ѶȻҪСܶࡣ
ڣʲôԽᷣҲ⣬ֻûմҪôɱȥðɱȻεˡ


704 
׼һ£Ҫȥһ˺ݳǣ
˼ǰǾȥһ˺ݣȻܲ뿪粣ЩȥôܿŶŴȥˣ
ξԲģ㺢ӰȫˣҲͶսУˡ
ȥݣҪ΢
Ҳ㲻ʲôֻȥϾڶؽ磬һҪפضһ滹ҪפغݵĻδ̫ҲʼշĲ°
ȻˣǴ˵Ľô죿¿轣
ҲɨһۣޱȻˣ
죬ʮʿԺΧżɽһٿ䣬ҵ˸ˡ
ſȹӷ߳ڹʿɽΣüͷһҪʲô

λͷŴˣЦһûûʲôʲôʱʱˣڲȥԡ
㵱˶ȶʦͣ¡
𰡣ΪǶΪˣ书ҲһɵģһΪʮ꣬ܰγ⽣ʱ⽣ȱ𣿡
ˣҲͶȡɵİѷ
ǶϧǱ
Σ
ڰŭˣ㲻ۡߵ
ң粵üһ˪Ρ
ıǱҵıͲǱˣİѣͷôȶѽϣҲȥҲҵģ
δ粿ҪֹͻȻɽǱߣһʿͷߺˣˣ
⻰ֹ֪ҲˣɨһΣ߶˦ͷߡ
֪ˣܿҪ˯ذˣɲڣתЦܵɽһ۱ѵɽʯٺһЦץסһʱ˫۱ޱȣһһ𡱶ʱ轣һ̶Ľʮʿ׷˿
Ȼɽˣ轣ҲɶˣҪγûһҲ£һҲгȫʩΪ֮£ջǰ轣γˡ
οֵ轣˷һЦ֣㽫һ壬Ϊâû䲻Ӱ
ˣûʲôºǼҾƵ˰þƺòˣʹңȥɡ
лʸˣ
ʮʿ˷һЦ׷׿䣬ͷӶȺ뿪լ
ֱϣζûŴһ棬ⲻ룬粰ԼУǽҲ˲ð
ߺ㲻ңҲԷɡվǰЦ
ͻʸ˷ģԹˣд粵Ц
ԹͺãҲӦÿҽȥɣҪȻ˯Ķ
ôﲻ˯

Ƭ̣ҡͷһЦֵͷðɣҿ㣬мһ£
ˣʲô

һĬƺʲô˵ðɣҪ尡

ֵ粳ĬˣֱνŲнԶҲûпһ
᲻뿪粣ֺγء
رף±ҪˣڹϣͻȻҪȡ轣Ҳܵս๫Ҫʲôˣ
޷ֱʱץһʱ䣬úõദһ𣬿ܲζΪͻȻʧĸо
ͬȫһȭ˿մǶ˺
Ȼβ룬Ϊܲǰһ棬ÿγҪȥһ˳ʹŮ
ֺܰĸоҲƾһΪᶨһ·ߵڡ
ͬʱҲܹ˼ԷĸܣȻ粲Ըαǿء
ֲǿģϱӲ֪˶ٿʼҲĲҲԸһ˰ɣӲҪģǲˣΪ
ʱլһ᷿ᱻƿһͦŴӵӰ뷿Уߣ͸¹⣬ԱĿ
Ӱվ˺ܾúܾãֱ𣬲Ȼȥ
ȥ֮ڴϵͻȻ۾Žյķţһ̾ڵķ㶳
ͣ⣬վһԣǰʮˣЩУɻͯĺԽźïͻûˡ
ҪˣΪʲô㶼졭
Щõ˵ţĻЦֲһȥأİɣҿ϶ҪС
ʸȥݣмǲҪӲԽѵ
ŶģεЦ
Ȼģߣ

죬ͯĺͷûһһĸ֣ϴ˵УӲ죬©һ֣ʮʿõǹΧǣԳֿȭˣ𾪵һս֮ϰ˶ûУ
ѵ˺ʮ̫֣ü
ʲôҵȾͲ֪ˣʸһҪСİ򲻿ֶָΣԽٴѵ
ˣ
˵꣬ﰵһ䣺Ƕ߾븹һܴ׵ǣ
뵽⣬ҲгˣתҪ뿪ʱͻȻ֣һ¥ϣһɫȹи
һЦֳǱУɽûûӦ˼Ҿת뿪ˡ
ƹܲͭ鳣㲻ͷɻҲӦôкɣʲô°
ﳤ̾һκɻ󲻽⣬󷽣㶿ĿУ
һ˦ޣһ󡰹ࡱУű滺ȥ
治֪ʸһιȥܲ赲ᷰͯĺ̾
αͳٲ򣬶һݳҲǧԥݹ±Ӷ࣬Щغݳǣǳ˿϶ˣʸδһԣԽȻ
Խ֮ʸǧǰѴʮˣζĪɻЦ
ˣ֪ҽ㣬ҽȥôҲǴһƯ̻֪˵û
ڽ뿪룬ǲ죬ϾϽ㻹¾ˣеݳǣ赲ᷣҲҪķʱ䣬Ҳ˵Ͻֱӣһ棬Ͻİ
ʴˣеĲȫɻϣǺһơ
ԽͻȻЦһնССƺҲ߿ҵˣԪ˧ͳεʮҲǺǧ˰ƵģսȴǺüҵͳ죬ʮ򣬹žͷۣҪöͶսúֱֱַټ·أЩս⣬򵥣ʵޱȰСҲΪռˣѵһҲûнӴЩ
ԣʱޱȣһ˳׾٣ɱȥɱжѰҪδսȲ֣սԣսʱҪʲôսҪʲôϣʲô취ƵоЩһҲ֪
㶮ʲôҵܣҵˣȻٸˮ˺ﰡ


705 ֮
۳꣬³Դʹһ£ֻһ±꣬ҲǶ꣬㱻۳ɹš׷ָ
۳ɹռ忤Խռڴˣչһ
ʤΪԹˣ֮ǰʲôֻҪӮˣôһжԺԡ
ɹ̤ݣյֻѪ𣬶Ҫıֹ赲Ұ˵֣Һ˽ɽ
ݾӪУ֮ϣֳֳ߲һָʱʿޱ۸ߺ
ããɳУһƥٱۣһºһɨ·߼ʵӰһݡٳܼС
ٶſɳһУֻڵһŮһۣоСĸֵҰ񱼲ֹ
ˣҲʮŮ˸޼㣬δʲôŮӣڴ㣬ٸо٣η壡ǰŮˣȴľ壡һ˵ζУ
ʦ̽ˣǰʮûиڣٹȥжʮദڣصҲ֪ж٣
£ֻҪſڵϲһʱ䣬Ҫɳڸǣ̽ظڣֱӱƽݣھʮ֮оˣ˶٣ɱ֮
߾Ը꣬תͷһֽȥػӽų̽ӣһݱ׾죬ؽɣ

߾ջĿ⣬ԾƶƫᣬսɸҴⳡ̵ǹ
кβң̧ͦͷ
ǺãǧϺ󱱣תݣҪӮֻҪ֪˴ˣ
ĩ
˫ֱȭˡ
ʦмɰսӸϳŹأ߾һԣһɫۣͷƷɴñ꣬ʵ
ĴֱڣҲŲСŮ𣿡߾תͷ
϶Ҫһˣڳ͢ﵱĺøǣȻܵ˴֣ɼʱͬԸƺҲûıٰ
ҡҡͷʦԪ˧ͻʸƳ磬ȻΣ˷ˣ̣ҲʦκξߣֻЩʦΪսϺ󱱣ƵݣⲻǶһ𣿡
ҲĴ֪פݳＸ꣬Ǳǿ׳֮ʸ̽ȡ鱨ܴǹҵıսСӣҵǶػӽ᲻֪˹˾ãѱ֮ģǵСߣһսܿȻ
⡭
˳߾ͣ˲ףѾҪݺݵĿһӽֱһޣרҵһơ
ڶս³״֮ʣʱݶݳ⣬һ롣
һγǸСģʱı·ߣŪıܵǱʮ죬յϢʱŵһĶ𣬼æӪݳǸȥ
ߺ˵ʸ˰Ҳ̫ˣܵϢƫƫȥ컹ûŵĩΪڰ˽أΪ֪ĩҲѲ鰡һƵ߿
źԺһЦĺݳ֪ŵǷˣкܰȫδӣǱˣ
ڹ꿤һЩǳغ󣬱˻Ȼӵ򣬵ʱҲ˲±˼ǳصؾغ⺣ݳǣнԥҲдһפأóɼл֮ƣӻҲðȻһ·Զڵ˵̫ðգĩ²ûаʱӦòҴһһص
УһðգҲ㾫ûбջͷԣפػƲðգʵڵȸĺôĳһѡ
⻰㶣һԵŵȴǵͷᷰݽе꿤˼Բˣɹŷ£ֻǲ֪ܵõ٣
һҲõЦ
ܵõϵ֮أδɹţɹŲˮս㣬ûмʮ꣬Ƕ޼ƿʩˡ²
ҰֹڴˣӦͶҡͷ
ûҰĲϲΪ֮أͼֵڣȻͼıŵͷ
豭һڣűЦܸʲô޷ݣΪֻ˵ϻи˰ݣȡݣɾݺһ̫һζıȫԼŪ᷶Ծݺ޶ԲߣҲֻݱ۳ˣ
˵⣬ͣƬֵ̣ҪԸɹţ˱ǿ׳ǹǱزٵģܶݣϿȡӺݣҲһ˴۳Ȼģ
ʸԼǣǹ֪ж˰Ŀ⿴ӺݣֿҵȣڵʱɹŰҲ˰ŵЦ
᷿϶˺ݵĲϵ취ˣͻȻ˵
Щʵһֱһץס˲٣ϧ̣ʱҲҪණˣǰæ˺þðҡͷ̾
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ĩ˵꣬ȥ֡
ʸһιӦòֻΪЩС°ɣŵ뿪󣬵ȻһЦ
ţһҪˮ򶫺
⻰ŵһ㶣üͷ򶫺δЩˣΪ֪Щһֱȹ·ҲǷֹݺͶ룬ѵˮҲ½һûغǰ½ĴֻɵغҵղϢأ
ֻעݣע⵽ݺһ󵺣
󵺣ʸ˵ݿ
ţǱ峯ôֱĻȥˣˣûˣԺ󻹽̨ءεЦһ
ŵȴȫûЦ⣬ʵɾͲˡ
Ȼһ죬ǼҪҲѣҵϽʿֳͺܽսǼΪͨˮս˵ǰˮǿһ֧
ѺҲˣǰݿء߷ҲһӵˮӦò᳼ᷲǰ
Ȼ֪᷻ŵʲôôݵȷһòѵ
ʸ˵öԣ߷кԵľģǶҪΣˣ
ϧϲ̽ⲻ֪߷ûгһ·غҲ᷸ռˣֻҪǣҲֻܵȵǿ߷ˮɱǰˣΰ̾
ȣһ֮ﰡŵҲΪп̾
һ£죬ѱ䣬ƽԥݡ
ԼұҲ칥Ūԥһꡣ
ƺҪˣ


706 
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ףΪҪڹ¹꿤ˣռغһ·ˮ͵͵ȵ˶غʱǲŷ֣϶ˡ
Ҳ㾭ս£ڲҲһЩĵãԼҹս£ҲܺƵʱ̫ˡ
ڵЩСԲ粳꣬Ǿͨأòȥˡ
һҲҪʱѲ飬Ϊ۳æĴæˡ
ԣûæܰѻµŶˣܵκս£һҲӱжæˡ
ζ粻ģҲΪԼĸıս֣粱Ҫ
Ȼ粱ϲϣȷǺΣЩäĿĳ̶ˣ
Ҳֲ룬ϾݲսʼθСӣֵɹĲ˺ɽصļʮգɳԤϵģȻҪֱˣ
飬̫̫ڰһεĽ飬񣬻äĿҲˡ
ҲÿŮĿԼɷ޷ƥб£޹شСֻϣһ£㲻ǶأҲҪ㹻֧һң
εȷ֧ļңֻƺ˵㣡
ĴѲһΣصеһ±ϴϴ˯
ȻѲ鲻ҪҪǺܺķѾ񰡣ĴѰĴ˼оʱһ·ȵȣȷܷ
һӲ죬ҲһЩСûдģĶ˼
ʸץ̽ӣȥȥһ簲ŵĻε
Ͳȥˣһȥһ˶
Щ̽ӵ룬һЩ˼Ҫǿõ鱨Ѿ̫Ӳ˲һ죬Щ̽ӳ˱ʱᡰߺѽѽĽл⣬ƽҲ£α׻뷨ҲˣʴҲɴ಻˷ʱˡ
ݳǾ붫ܽ߳ʮܿ棬½ҲԶ߶õ
ⶫдӵϼһɽ˵ޣֽж季ڶ季ʵЩ˵ԣҲԣֻǺҰˣʱ½鵽ˣ֪ߵأƾԼ²ѡ
ɷϣԹžˮطֹ֮ܺͺǰغС򣬱ӦǼΪܵӲŶԣȴŪ߰㣬ǰפصˮҲɵ߶Կ۳ˡ
Ҳ½ιΪ֮ϾӱӪĵ꣬㲻ᳯˣֽ½ι⡣
ʴˣǼ½꺣Ᵽӡ
ҲŽ˶һְûãüζ鷳̶ͺͺܴʮСսɼΪĸܣŪغһж౯ˡ
ʵҲԳΪӡеƸЩͬȴֲܶͬΪ԰ĵƺе࣬ƫ󣬿½ĵԼɼȴû
һ·˴ˮӪأҲһĵ죬ҲѾյϢǰ
Щ꣬غ£Сİտ಻ԣֱӰˣǵùҹܳһһ죬ȴͺĴΪһߣһߺν
⺣ϳﲻˣü
̸װҪһ޼ʵĺҵϳǳ˵ˣǶǳŴʱͻȻһգǻͷ
εͷ˵ʱˣϱӣǸ߿ƼʱҲʲôЩһԣȻһ鷳ȴӬһͷۡ
ȫ֪뷨ͺֻܶͬ˼ҲǶԺǶˣ
Ǻνֵˣû˲ԷᷳģǲӬһǲӬˣ
ķ߻жܲꣿκȻʵ
˵ĩںսֱ⺺ⲻͬ½ˮսԻԼʱ룬⺣սһ벻ðڵߣĩǺһλ񽫾ֳģڻʸҪȥ
Ȼ
Ҳߣֻһֻ뿴һ𲼷Ĳ񽫾
Ƭ죬ֻҪģܽӪģӪأЩӪصʿ䲻٣Щǧˣε⴦Ӫأǧ֮ڣ˿̶ں߿ͼҵó
ˮʵһģ¾ҪʵսĻۣʱĳſɴһ֧Ĳӡ
νӪصʺѾΧźü죬üͷʲô


707 ˮ
콫ˣãҵۣȴӱϲأĩҪ빥ȴϱ󵽶棬Ϊ֣ͬɱ濪ʼбȥԷɹ͵ϮǽҪȰѱϲֹغС򡣡κʺһλȷ磬Ϊ֮ɫ˵
ԣҲ׷תȥһʱ䣬׷ƺԶԼĿ˭Ҳ˭
ɹŲˮսֻҪ̽ӣӱ溣漴ɣӦر棬ӣȲ˵ջοǣֵµֵܣҲҪҵȼȲһ׳ݸ߽ߵ
߲ɺԣҲСӣȻɾˮսҪ֪ͻȻϮ̽ӷʱܱ֤гʱ䲼ȻⱣʵձ鲻ǿֻҪʮսˣֺαشµءһİ֣ɫڵĳ׽Ҳһ
ֻҪ׵ֺξʱ䲻رء
ʱҪʱһȥһ
ʱߣδ̫Сҵˮˣַ£ľһʱɻط㱻ɹŶ¼СҲ̼кεأݽЦ
һʱϷߣĪֻ⸽תƣ̵ֽ
ݽǲȻŭҪ⣬ͻȻ翪ڵˣˣûʸЦ𣿡
һ⻰Ӫ˶һ㶣ע⵽ߵ꣬һĻǴһȴЩȷ
ʸĪǾλݽָΣɿǵƺһָΪףֻǰĿȥʵ
š
絭ȻӦһЦʸΪһ£λݽǽͳ򣴨ˮͶսݸ漱ܶˡ
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ιһ񣬶һЦָŰֵֽλǰӿˮͳ֣ˣ
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ҲʣֻǺʹһһʩ󣬱΢ЦĿˡ
ʸȻ˿һƣһףһֻЦ滢
ҶҸʲôæɣֻǹѣⲼҲǿһЦ
⻰˲ŴһҲû֮ǰ۵üˣٵļϱ⡣
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СӼ춼ûˣ˭Ҳ֪Ķ콫ȥѲɡ֣˵꣬ϱ
ЦһһۣЦ߰ɣȥ
ţʸ
Ȼ֪ʸΪʲôۣݣֻҪһ仰ֹͣˣֺα˷ʱﳳûء
߳ʣѯ˼Ѳ֪˲ںδһ·뿪ӪֱߣŷһƬѵʿĺ̲ϣһͷҵֳ꣬Ӷֹ
Ӷѵʿʱغ񱼣ʱ뺣пΣʱֻص̲
ʸǲˣѵ
εͷһ߹ȥ
񽫾Ϊβֲһأȿڵ
ԣͷĿֻɨһ£㿴飬ǿѵ
οǰ֮꣬ǰ֣ȣᣬüĿ㣬ӢͦΣұԼҪС꣬ʲôܵһˮͳġ
һͳӪһӪǧ֮࣬ӪױУξƽ˵ˣһУξѵ룬ս֮ɲͬˣ뵱βҲ׾ٵ³ΪһξȻ˵ǸģʵƣƵͯĺҲǴ
Ϊһٹϲ¥ƸֱΪͳӪຼͻ̫ˣԷڣຼһְĪˣ
λǻʸ˰ɣĩμʸ񾰲䲻ȵĳαȭ
ţæİɡεЦ
˻òһ㶣ΪԼƢ˴Լмֱ£ͱЩȥˡ
˭Ҳ˵ƢλԸģʸȻòò񾰲ɶ࿴һۡ
ôˣ񽫾𣿲ù˼ң̸ֻ
ǡĩͶˡ
ٴһȭתͻӶ죬ʱЩΪ̸õСݵĽʿһٴαܶ
ν˵󷽣ʵƺᰡ
ǰ񾰽껹ʮأ
ŶʮĽ϶һˡЦ
ʸ˵ļǣ񾰵ȷһɶõ˲ţʸ֪ĹλԪ˧׵ģ
ɶһ㶣ͻȻĪһѰζĸо
񽫾֮ӱͼ˵ףͶɲûͬ⣬֮;УҺͻʸҡҡݺؼҲͬϮģʴ˾Ҳ޷Ϊӱ󳼣֮ӲλҲͬӱ֣֮˵󣬲Ȼһ̾
κףǰľݣҲÿϮģֻӺݡ뾣ѣǰֻǰ·ңϵһְҲϮģֻӺѾٹ̣ǿѹͷߣְֻϻˣںռһ飬˭ܺ
ֻ˭ҲûϵҵͻȻ˿죬򸵶֪ӺξǸһ𷴣ǰؽɽƼ
״ѡ˺ߣκο
񾰣Ϊ֮ӣ֮ĴΡ
Ϊӱɵϵһλĵһ飬ܺӱˣֻû뵽ԼȻ½ι
ִе֪ȻûţҲˣ˲񾰣һʮãڲ͵ƴ£ӹӪ׷ɱ껹Ƕȣ粺ͳ߾£Ҫѵˮ㽫Ӱŵˮ
ǣһﻹѧϰһʱ䣬֪˺ʲô飿
ֱһʱ󣬲񾰲תǰȭʸʲôҪָģ
ָ˵ϣֻǺ棬񽫾Ϊʲôȥֲһ£ĪǸо˷ʱ䣿κ
ĩֻǸо˶ӣʽһҲûнʴ˲˵Ǻ޹˼ɵ˵
Ҳ˷ʱ䰡
һ⻰˫üһЩŭ⣬ûֻǲ䲻ȵڻʸô㲻˷ʱأ


708 ˼ʹϵҪ
Ŀɨ̲ϢĽʿǣЦЩʿյİɡ
ţ˲Ҫʱó
ѵҲּУȫһ𣬵ǲ뷨ѵûһɲóɹŻ᷵ˮʱпܴʱҪӦ䣿һЦ
ˮڣʸĪΪҪ˵⻰ɣ
Цһֵ콫Ѿ̸öԲߣǼλ󣬶ĿȫǣΪ䣬岻ϻȻˣҵĶԲкõأ
£κĿ硣
ЦһͷȹģȷҺͲ񽫾ײ·һǱأʮɲt̨һױȽӱҪԿ촬£ɢ˷ȫ̽죬봬֮ɣֻҪһƣһأܿشֻബֻҲ֪ʲôһģ໥£֪δսҲİѸӪѵĽʿ˲˷ѽʿѵʱҲ켯ؾ
÷ϻֻҪֻͻȻͷ߱س󷽵ĴֻֻҪ߾ͷĴֻ򣬾˰Ϣǰʱ䡣εȷоעܲҲõϡ
ˣǵǳԹ󣬷ЩѣС沨ʱ̶ڱ仯ѿƣ취Ҳղý֮ʴˣǽ󣬱߳ˣҵҲ޿κΡЦ
ԣ㿴ʵ˶뵽֮𣿡
ԣһ죬Ͱ͵˵ʲôֻһ̾
ķߣȻˣ˵һ浱ʲôء
һòУΪջԵĻᶼûУ죿
Ҫôԣֱȥɢ˷⺣̫ƽûʲô٣˾Ҳȫˡ
һƣȴںٵȷ֣оҲһҾ޷ܵı꣬оܹǴˣ
һЦҡͷûʵʣֻǿտ˵󻰣׷ߵȷԳԣҲвƣûǲҪ̫֮⣬ˮѵҲҪ⺣̲ȥûãӦѧѧ˼Һô̵ģɱСЩˣ˼Ҿʮ״ֻһңҲӰתˣɴ˿ɼǻǲҪָǰѵģʽӦѧѧ˵ı£֪֪˺󣬲ദƵ֮ߣ
εĻǴͷЦ
տ˵󻰣ʸγأѧǺǣôЦע⡣
οŲһмӣﲻɴΪˬΪһأλŸģƢҲĲУһһ쳵ļһȫûһ۽磬治֪ŴΪʲô
Ҳˣ񾰵ȷЩŵ㣬ʵҲŵɣ룬ţοԸˡ
ȥβһЦڵȻ񽫾оԼȥغһ˽˺
±ѵ£ܡ
ǸϱȲ˵꣬ξʹϵ
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ѾҲ֪ﰵһ䡣
κγǱܶ˿𣬵ںܶõԴ˳аţӶ飬ȥЩ޷õԴǵһɧһ˼ҸЦοȥء
Բһ޷õģȷҲûѰߣֻһζı쳵ͬӱܣϱӸոܴʱһģһֻǲ֪ܷ߳εȷ߳ˣֻǳãˣˡ
ϲΰΣҵݣǲɣʹ󵨵ȥɰɣ
οɾԲ˵˵֤ܿĻò񾰺Ǿ죬Ҳ˵ˣԪ˧ɷϲĴһţڱ׼̳ܲģµļһ
òϣεȷеͣΪܵģܵõܶ˵ΣرǶ׷Ԫ˧ĽʿȻȥŴ߲ģε֪֮٣ҲһҲ֪һǵðôҪ֪ûʵȨ
ʵȨⶫڳУھУǼΪҪģǰĺִگǹپƷȲһٽƷ֪ء
Ȼ˵Ҫ𣬵ҲȫȻΪǸ˼ʹϵҪģ
֪ܼʵۼΣںԺ˶õй٣¡ٴΣȥ˵ЩƷСˣ͢ǰϼһﶼĽۺ찡
ڵΣݵλӳȻ⻰ȨʵȨţҪϱ񾰣нȻ죬ȴû飬ΪǿɶǺλʸĵλҺŸɣǲҳ飬ˣ


709 
ףʲôЦصˣ
οʼʸ΢ЦԼ޹ҲɱЦݡ
ȻԼһӦҪȥ˷ʱԼĶҲͿʼˡ
һҪÿγҪܷ֮أ򶼽۴
ڶҪ󣬳ˮʲôʳﶼܴҲ˵ҪֻԼԡ
ս̴ֻҶףΪʲôҪ˹أ
ĸҲֵģ
̲ô⻹ˮսûδ㿿дɴˣƨ
Ҫ󱻻ʸǣ֣ˣһߵŲ񾰡
ȻʢЩϽ룬ϾСһһЩܣԼӴĥպسɴֻǻʸҲһ¾˼ͷȥײǽɣ
ҲˣǰʸȥСʱСӾȻûиʸʲôɫ
ʸʲô˰ϸƤģСһöĺأ
˼£զģը£˭ըģ˻ʸ˭
˼Ӱզģġ
ԼңզģΪһѻ𣬰˼ʮȫˣƵ˼ֻĴӣΪһۣǳԲ˯ţǶӣǱһ·ţֱɽš
ҲԼＸȻʸˣдһٰ
Ǻ֣ʮͬĲ񾰼򣬶οһ䣺ȥɣСĵ㣡
ȥ˵򵥣ôȥ
㵱ǳ棬Ͼʱ㣬ˮһ
ƨľȥ
㲻Ҫ֤ȥɡޱ˵
κޱ´ŭһãȥ
䶪һ仰ת߳ʡ
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˵ʸò񾰴ŰϰµĽʿһ˾ӪѡģҲûŭѡϱеľ񾰣ıԷ¡
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ҲǰƼأ
Ƽˡ
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ʸԲ٣սҲ󰡣һǴʳһҲͰˣȻƼݣλа
콫𣿡ͻȻʵ
ȻҲǰԪ˧ɽԡ
ѾĴԲң
ﰵһǲɫ˵ǳԱͻ£ǶȺ£
ȻͶˣϻͣɳԱֻҪֻҪǣӴȺɾͲͬˣǺһҰƵ˹ʡ
˵⣬ͻȻһ㶣Ȼʸ湻İ
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ͷںˮ꣬дСսҲ˼ΣҶʤˣⲻµĽʿжҲǵо̫ȫΪһɳ徢ԹĶʿƴɱϣγȥܴϢ
ϢǺǻռҲۣһγȥȻǿֶˡ
Ŷô˵Щɻ
㵱ɵӰûյһ֣ǺǣһɾأѰûãҲط˷˺ü꣬Ҳûˡ
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ţŵ֪ˣһ·ǿĺͷӣǺѾһѾңʮ֮꣬ǰʢǿʱҲûôţڸѽˣҲ֪ʵǿ󵽺εȵزϾǺʼռù⣬ǿȥҴ˷˵ҪĿģҲҪˣ
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ҲһҪܹҴ۳һΣҺԣҲҪˣãұɵУǿҾʵ
ʸȻ̣շ˺Ĳ£ȷˮǿܶడرǶڶʮ˽⣬ԼãɿɣϿƽ
ţҵһҪշˣ
˵ֵ׼С·ҺҪȥ

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𷢴ˣ㡣
Żʸ΢˽ϲã˰Ҳ֪Լûб
뵽ˣɴһǼ·
׼һ죬ڶһ磬ʣƣʺ﷫ӡ
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΢磬в죬Ϊ˽ʡ񾰲ûýʿշ˳ߡ
һҴϣδһãĶӻζЦһٺ󣬲֪һҪȵʲôʱˡ
Ȼ֪β͵͵صʳû
εĵ꣬ҲǼֲˣһУ˼ˣԴõġ
Ƕຮ˰ҡͷЦ
ξˣΪ뺮˼ңԶʳ˭֪ЩʿŲٸϣ
ˣǰòᰡ֮£ֻҪ׼õ͵ˡ
ɵ˰죬Ȼûһϱκ±ʮֿʩһǣһ䣺СֵܣԺѧ㣬Ҫ˵ʲôʲôҪȾҪ󣬱ͬһ¾ˣ˽͵͵ŵ㣬
ҿҪлˣε۵
ɶԺѧأúüͰɡ

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ֲģȻҲжãһЩϱǳСγԶ㣬ض顣
ЩϱǺ֣ѡ񾰵ģǰ⸽ΪⱣʴ˲ҼºΪҺڣǴ˾󼸷ۣŹ齵˴۳
⺣Ʒַ࣬ԷҲͦнһЩϱָ£ʿǳһޱȵĺʴˣҰѳԲʸ峦ֱڼװϣɡ
Ҳ˴ֻкˡ
ҲǺ㣬ʴ˲飬±ܶѧѧһž͵ȡĵı£Էһ
һ죬ʮ̴ڶһϹתƣ䲻ǶٶٿԳԱôûʮ̴Ҳ˳ص˾Ӫ
һ޹񾰲ûɿЩˬΪ֣ûݣֻҪеˮųԺ㣬ȷˣֻɻΪʲôһӰûأ
һˣһ˿Զ㣬ʱ䣡صװ󣬷Ըһò񾰼ҪѪĻ󣬱ĿͲ񾰷ȻȥԼлװŻ쵽ˮС


710 
ƺɽԲһСߣҴͣһҴͨľ͹չдһġ̡֡
һִȽϹžɣЩڣҲǺ죬ûκּ
ͻƺһ·ĺڿҺ촬Ȼŵƨܶˡ
Īǻ֪ĶѾ۳У㻹˿˵أ±۳ˮΧ𣿡̴һɨһ۴Ӻ촬Ϊ׹ͷڴü
⣬ȻҪ㵵Ľһ䣺ⲻ³ʦʲôѴˣ
³ˣԲȵȣ
ڴ˵һ룬ͻȻӻ֣ãͻȻԡ㣬һˬĳһҪڣͻȻһԵһˣǴüͷס
ģéûŹʲôöġ
ڴ⻰ҪѪéȻһݵˣõéжڴһƨѬˣܳܡ
ˣлᣬεĴ㵽ߵ
ôҪӼۣ
Ӽۣ㶼ˣҪӣ˫һɣЩŭ
ģӶӼǮ°ڴЦ
ҲӦʿɶֹҪ̰Ѵ󽫾ƼˣҪԲ˶ߡ
¸񣬱Ϲһƽ𣬲Ӧ͹ȥ
ʲôһǻƽôȥ
٣֪Ӿ˰Ӱ£
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⻰󣬶ʱȻŭ
ٺ٣Цģ³˺㾪Ű
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ʲô˼ڴһһת䣬³ʢͻȻһ˿Σ
ûɶǰǣǮֻ꣬ҪӿϸǮӲԷ㣬һˣǲߺߣ֪
һ⻰³ʢˣҪڣͻȻɱ𣬺촬һ̴
ΪҪͺյ̸³ʢҶ֣һˮɣû뵽ȻҪ
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ڴһЦֵ㵱ʲô񰡣үޣΪ㣬ӸҺӶŸɣŸɣɵĹӣɵĹӣץõӣ
ڴһԵ˵ɣĿɨѾʼʰоֵ£ȵСǣ̴ɽһ˻ȥš
Ǵ
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ʲôѵ۳ˮǰɵ񣿡ڴü
ȷǣһʮ춼ֹˣ浱ǲ֪ˮٰģϹ
ˮ̴㣬ģһ﾿Ҫʲô
ڴһ͹ĺԴ˰ˬĳһʱ˲䶼סǲɫйܵġ
ˣֵǶ֪Ƣƨԣ㵫㲻ܶ㣬ƿڴ³ʢһҪ̸ý³ˣ
ģܲ϶ˣ˼
һһЦһһ師ȵ
𿴺⣬̸ֹ֣ǴײϤ˶֪˴ϸΪҲңʮ꣬లˡ
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ܴڵһƽǺεȵ磬Ժ󴫳ȥƬֿ϶ʱĺĵˣ׾٣ں۳
ãƺˣô죿
ԣüͷһᣬʰһ£Щȫϴ쳷
һʱ󣬺촬ϣһǻں׷ϣô죿
İɣǵĴܲǡ
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ɶɲð찡ˣ´ŪһŵĻȥǣܡ
Ժ̴׷ᣬںȻʱ㽫̴˦ûӰˡ
ûͣϢͻȻ˻㱨ƺ̴ٴ׷ˣ
ҵﰡһ湻İӻţ׷ӵϳ
˵꣬
ʮɻ뷢ˣÿε̴˦ûӰãҲûõϢԷ漣ٴ׷ˣ
Ҫ֪ڴϿĿãã޼ʣ֪ԷֻҪ΢ı·ؿɽ˦ԶԶģȻˣȻÿζܿ󣬼׷ˣúɣѵǴмϸһ·ﶪСľ飿
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ĸȴûзּϸûʲôСľں󷽺棬ԣԷ׷ġ
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ĸ˵ԷƾʱһڣһҲͰˣʮˣԷ겻ɢһ׷ţҪҪ˰
ܣע룬ǧӵϳ
֪ʱͬˣԼȻ룬޼ɵںߣԷγˣں̴УһСװбӾµ룡ң꣬һˮͳ񾰣ɶһԶ
֣Уɲ޶ûѾӹԶ׷ֱǳˣ
˷ܵİ绳һС̵
ͼǵˣͻȻ˵
һԣóһݵͼͼҲλƣȻֻǱ˻ƺһ·߾붼мأмصĵҲУ֮ǰӴɽһ·׷ٶȺʱ㣬Ӧ뿪ٶˣ
ˣ񽫾ƺûֵ˼һǲ׷Ϻ촬Ĳˡ
Ҳֲ¹촬ѾĴˣǰûԶ׷ˣͬ˼Ҹݺһϴ˸һһ֣Ҿ϶ҪƾһѺ촬
촬ϳô죿ãã޴Ӱ
ûԶֻܱǵ򣬿⴬Ϊֻٶ𣡲һȷмֱ£Ϊ׷ϵдǰʮΣ⴬ûʲôʳĺܣ׷ҲƶԷϳӶ֪ԷĳѨ´δٽأ


711 겻ɢ
ˣ
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ǰǺӰǴʲô
ܵһʱֹ
겻ɢ
ʲôʱԼ˱Ƶֵز˦˦Ҳ֪һ˼ҿ߰ء
Ȼçʵȥӣ˵ˡ
ϳһټΣһۺЦ
㶮ƨ
Ѿһ⣬ߵܴӴ׷ϣ϶ʲôûŪǵĹǰ˭ҪҪ
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ۺΨΨŵŵ
˿̣󷽵ĴӵУüͷʵˣ񽫾Ӱ׷ϣʱ̺ͺ־룬ȻϮʱˣҪ֪Ǵûжˣ
˵һЩɣȻⶫܲޣƽҲǳԸ뱥ǰһʱЩܲˣΪ׷촬ûʱ䲶㣬Ҳ˵ΧܿǾһˣ
Ϊεİȫ룬ϣȥһ²񾰣βû⣬Ȼ³çɵʳ⡣
֪Ϊʲô̴ױ׷𣿡Цʵ
ȻǺȵ֪Ϣ޵ˡҲ
һ㣬¶ͻر⺣ϣ̴ʱҲѵԭӲˣ
Ӳˣôܣ򲻹ҲǶ˵飬˶ˣһҲˣܣ˵Ǹͻᡣ
ӣͬ׷ϣԭܼ򵥣⣡
˵˼ǡ
һ£ͻȻ򣬵ȷ½ϲͬطϢ󺣣ֻҪںУ̴Ӳ
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ͲͬˣǴϵ˿˵˶ˮ֣Ҳǹ֣ʮҺȥ׷һ̴ַˮ£̴Ȼ޷ˣ
ѵ񽫾Ҫץס촬
Ӧǰɣôʲôɴ˿ɼһȷмˢӣǰ촬ʱֻ̽Ե׷һ£׵˫ƣӶˮģһˮǿ
Ĵγʱ£Ҳ۲£˿̺ΪʲôҪᣬͳǧˮˡ
񾰲ţȴǿ֮ţȻԶǺ֣ЩϽʱգȻҪǡ
˵Һ촬ְͻȻü
Ǻǰοһʲôֵģ²
ǰεĺ촬̴ɣ촬սҲ֪һô㵽ģ
ս⴬ʲôر֮𣿡
ر𣬺ǺǣȻر𣬴˴죬Ŵ˴ݰ˰ˣͨļʸǹͶʯݻٵдƾ˴˽ϳͳһ£
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¾һ£뵽֮ǰԥݴӾʱҲսҲˣ᷵սİ˵ģСҲֻǰʮˣٳ־޴սˡ
Ȼ촬ԶϾԶܹĦͣҲɻ󣬴ô֪Ǵʱеս͵ḻɡ
Լǰȥһ˴ģչʸ˹Žսսӡ̣ΪһСģҲ˵Ƕ֣һС˸Ūˣ
˵սͶʯǸýΣˣ
Ȼ⴬ǿҲ޵еģΪҪװʯ飬˴ܱأ⴬ٶȿûʲôʯ飡
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ȻȻǵϴ󣬵ϴҵҪӣȻ˺¾ͷԸ£ԺҸһƷȥҷûĽҲģҪǵҵƷҪԼǮˣ
ɶԺ̣ţ󾪵
ôоûȤ

ţȷϲرǰѶߵȥд׬һʵ˷֮飬ǲ˺򰡣Ĵģʲô⣬룬ʵЩ⣬ûˡ
ͬˣѾѣ˴۳ǰͨƺҲԼңˣǼ˻ʸҪǴͨһϵȻˣҲ˶롣
Լ¿һﲻݵж
͸ǣ뿪˻ƺ˹⣬ЩطĺȻǣǽңƽҪٵʱصĺǽˣЩΪһˣϳʲôӦñ
ҿ
ţɴ۾᲻ĲƸж٣ǰΪ˼ʶһ´󺣵ԶʲôǺľ˼ҵƾЩǮƣ㹻һСˡ
תһ룬ţˣô
ڽңµ˾᲻㣬ЩҲۣҪսʱǻϹ齵ֻ·һˣ
սҪĶţ´󾪰
ҴĶ˼ˣ
˵ӣԲܣûҵİ£ӹˣһȺѼӣȫˣ¸񰡡ţЦ
㰡㻹Գݺ󺣵ˣ֪⸽ǿˮ˭𣡡
һ⻰ţüͷһ˵߷
㻹
ţüͷȻҲ֪һЩ̫ϸҲ֪ݿǹĹܣҲ֪ݿ˭
ǰ·ʱţͺ͸߷ΣԷҵʱҿʼˣ߷˲֪ڿʲôûм׷ɱֻʤԺ󣬱㿴Լ룬߷Ҫܾܿͻˡ
ɲð찡߷һﲻðţȻЩµ˵
Ŷ죿Щ
˸ɹһ̣Ҳ˵̫ϤԴӵݿغʮδҿݣһκүһǾݿϰͱǵѲȲѸһ̣Щﰡ
ѲЩȵ
ֱֹҪһսƤڵʸ䲻ʯҲãĹǻӲҪô򣿶ǵĴһԴ̵רĴٵܾܲ˰
ڵˮսţɻ°


716 촬
˵߷һӵǹ룬ˮֵսר󴬴䶯ãбüһ
ǰ⴬Ȼûʲôرĵطʤڼ̣ǵĴҲҪϵС״̳ǹͷͱɺţ̾
ɲð찡Թ׹ͻȻʵ
׵ûԹӦҲûðɣ´͵Ϯ˼Ҵף˼ҾͲ˷Ҫ֪߷µˮǸ񰡡
Ҳ֪Ը߷ͳһЩСòϣ˼ҳ꺣սʲôսû취Ȼвͨˡ
֪ˣȥϢɡ
˺ţ˼죬ͻȻ磬ȴ֪ᶫˣȲѣҲֻҪһ⣬͸ݳ֪ŵ
һ죬û¾ͽţ˽һ»ƺڻƺţʮ˽ģһ˵ϢʶЩΣճɷС
ɹϵϺѵͲϵĺͷæӺţе֪һҲһʲôɺţܺɹȡϵҲΪɺĽܡ
˵ɹ콵ݣ½ιİ⣬뻹ɺЭˣɹŵļգҪһ˶˴̸װ
Ƕ֮ﰡ
ޱȷյҡҡͷ߳ͻȻյŵĻš
Ŷˣ
ǰŹȥŵŻţⶫ뺣ݳǲǼʮضѣŵиûϢͲûš
ǰ˰˰ӼŻˮǸϵ˶һֻҪ߷ڴܶһݱϣ
͹죬һ˶Щ˶һȺˣҲʮ߰꣬Сֻʮꡣ
Ժף
Ǵˣ
ǻʸˣ
ʮСӿκһ˷ָָܵ
ͷǧôҰЩ顣ߵЩǰЦ
УΪ׵һ߳ʲôԸ˵ɡ
ʮϤǵЭĹԺ֮һס
ףб¬ĪЩԺĸ߲
ͼֽѾˣǶǴ˰ɣмţ
ʦѾˣڴ뿪ˮոҹҲš
ţˣʱŰɡüͷһ
ʵҲⶫȻԺˣҪҲףһΪ˲¶֪һȫͰڸ¶ˣ
ڳ߾£νһ죬ñΪǹ֣еĺңǳ׵ɵۣ
֮أݳһƬǽ壬ʬضǣѪˮѻɳȾ˺ɳ
һĻǸѾǴˣɱ¾
ʮڳڵɹǰʱɲʱ䣬νǾɹǷһƬһƬﲿӣҲ˲һ࣬սȫˣըˣ˵ĺȳ⣬İڶ壬ĴӴ
˵ǹ˹ôھʹս
˲һڻ֮ʱǸֲ򶨡
ֻʮţȫԵֵǧ
ʦоѾŹأǷҪ׷ɱȥһӵ߾ǰϥ¹
輱׷ƽ
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Ȼ׷ȥܰӸϳŹأӺ̫ƽҲ׷̫о˵ĽҲ޷ܵġ
Ȼڱأرڻɳصޱȡ
ˣֻҪǱʮڣʲôɹﰡ
ͷĺڿڣ̿ˮЩµɹⶫôǿˣ
뵽⣬첻뵽ˣͬҲǹˣʸһǿֲ
Ϣ߸Ͳ֪Ȼ߷ҲȫԽ᷵ʹ㱨˵
Ϯ㲻ȥᷣҲҪϮҪݣ
⡭
ʹһ߷ףͲݾܾϣʹֻҾһ¹ף
߷ҪݣҲ˵ҪݶΪκ˵Լ
˭ӦɲᷲӦΪߵһ޷˵߷Ҳ޷ɣʱ˵ˣԼҲҪˡ
ż죬Ѿõݽ뽮ݱͲ󣬾زḻҲҪʱģ۳ʱ
ǳ۳ƽԥݲãʿųûռƣã۳ľ
˵ˣɹſҲǹ˰ϿԽͳΣͬʱҲҪɹŸ׳Ƴ
һɹź͸߷ҪֳͻˣȴͬˣΪںЩֻҪ߷˶ɹŵıɱݣݣ
һ£ݸöᣬΪǱҵģֻҪȥһӣȻ֮ڣ۳ȫֿɹŵʱԼ͵ϮӺݣǴеԺʱҶһˣԼֺξ۳ɹŰ
֪ᷲ뷨ѾĳЩ˿ˣĳЩҲѾͺؼҴкˣ۳͢λƷԱ棬Ѿ˳ɳǡ
λĳЩˣںһС촬һء
˵Ҫ촬˶Щ˷ܣȻ촬룬ˮѾżˣ񶫺һֱ촬ٽʿҲҪȥľ͵ȵȴֻ
ǻʸ˺أ鶼ǺʣϡģҴŻʸǰҲҴѵʵ¡ȫӺݡ
񣬴˴ѾΪˮѧԺתд˵˴ٶȼ죬зȴ÷Ҳûн޴ˮ
˵ûܺ棬ûĴҪôߣ
ܿʧˣΪʸûʲô󴬣Сһ˶ʧȥȤ
ȻСҲϡģͬûҲû֮ƨɺƬϲĹֶ
ֵֻҪ˲ȣСɣҪҪԣѯʵ
Թκ
ԹһΣȷ֮ǰ˲٣׻ص
ܱȵϴ󴬵𣿡
ûǿ磬ֻ׷ϴ󴬣
⻰üͷ׷ϻУһҪ취ܳ
ǶѾˣʵû취ٴˣ
ԿЦһôֻصǰˣҲ˵һжпֻǻû뵽벻Ͳˣǧ룬͵ͣǰԺҲûˣ
л㣡
׶ʱһ˵
οһļͷСһµԼˮң


717 
һöһѶصᾧͨС֣ɲ̫÷ôתӶһ˵һ˸ɲ˵ͬôֿСֵתٶȣתһȦСתȦȦʮȦȻҲӺķǵһһƽ⣬ٶȳǰ֪
Ժѧϸν⣬ȻЩѧʱѾѧѧʦҲνģʴˣԶ˵ϸرϸڷ棬һ˵ѧǲŻȻʡ
ȻҲΪǾѧһյ֪ʶһͨˣֻᵱϹ
ҪĴôҪȶǰ˴ĴҲˣʲô룬߾ÿԸĽĵط˵棬ѧȺΪȣùҵ档
һ˵ʮѧͷӶȻЩ߿ˣڸոսӴֶ˵ֻᾪ̾ٻ飬Ľˡ
ҲֻҪӣ붼룬ôֹڴˣ
οһɫͷѾ䣬ջĿ⿴ѧǵ˵⣬ѱʼǼǺãͼֽ࿴һ£
ʦټ
ѧǷ׷ε˱𣬱ȥԷˡ
ѧߵĲˣ׺ͱ߽Σǰڵʦҿһ£ˮװڽԣȻٶȣȴˣ
ЦЦȷˣǲϵѶӣǲУֻҪյúãܱ֮ͬǰ
һҪѴϼӴ󣬷򽣴أײ෭ֱӳˣ
ҪʲôϣϵĳֱĸԽӲԽãˮľͷ棬ֻ٣ҽƳɿʱֻһʹãкβɣ
̫ķľˣ׳ƶӲ˷ѣʴϧÿһֲϡ
Ҳ֪ĹǣҲԣЦЦҪ취ٶȥˣ
üͷγٶȥʱȣ뷨޷ȥԣֻеĲװˡ
ҲֱڣǲʶߵҪԣ
ѧԺŸʽĹߣȻǰСߴˣģͺŶˣҲ޷Ūģ˿Ĺ¯豸ǹܵȵȡ
ЩڣԴЧʣҲҪԼȥˡ
ʮֺķʱ䣬ǽصȻܳɣĲӲȣȻȲѧ¯ĺá
ڴ¯ҲֽˣǹԺѧӣϵصĹʦɡ
˵СֵܣģⱾ£ʦкδڹԺѧӣⶫĹǸ氡
һʼЩŵСƨ֮Աǣоջ𣬵칤򣬾ǸͶء
Ĳ˵ڻƿأʯĴ򣬶ʮ־£Ƶļĵز
һʮ꣬ʮʦҲδеļЩһһⱾ£ǲ
ŶǶˮѧѧӡ¬ĪѾֲ֣Ϊѧѧ£ȥϵϵļѾЩһһǾ̾
˵̻ͽܶʦʴҪѧգ㲻ʦʮĿϢѧգʵЩͲѧֻǿòģڼѧһֱǿı¼裬ŪʧܵĵطͲ֮Ըƣﵽ߲Ρ
һ¬ĪǻûⱾ£Ҳûˡ
ˮˮﰡ๤֪ˮѧҲֲǣΪݺü꣬Ϣ㴫ҲһҴ֪ѰϰЩ
ŶˮӺݣҲԶء

Щ󣬶ʱȥĦ˼
Ѱ˭û£᲻Զܵһ·أûһ뵽ˣϾҲǺ͹ԺѧӲһ˼г͢æͣ·ͨһ·Ǵģܲ𣬶ҪȥȻֻܿ˫ˡ
ѧѧƺ׶ѧƣеɶˣ뵱ٵģѧһմӾģ֮⣬ˡ輧ʦ÷졢ũͳͳء¬ĪЦŽ͵
ʲôЩеҲ̣
ǳԾѰҪ˵䡢ˡ򡢲÷졢ʦҲˣȷҪѧ輧ѧʲô˭ɵǮŮ͵ֵطѧЩ˵Ⱑиũũҵ˭᣿õȥѧ
¬Ī֪һЩҵЩ޷ܣγأǳˣЩƺϡƽĶֵѧϰֵ̽ġ
Ժ¬ĪԺУĳЩŮѧӵʵ˿ÿ˵ѧڵСʱȥˮͤǮʱǮȥܸ㵽ڲƱһվĵطûа
ũԺȻ¬ĪͬһЩũԺ˵Ƿһ֣ѾһĶҲ֪ճûУǸǴֺһĶصֵ˼Ķصճɣǿɾµİ
ۿ쵽£κͶĽʿ֣յĲ롣
Ϊϲֳϣƽﲻǲʳĳ˴ܳȥһȦԴץ˺رϲϹèӵ룬ôӸҲ⣬ֻˡ
ܰգ춫̫ƽˣΪ渡̫࣬дҾʸ˵ݸ߷ܿҪˣҲѡڶ죡
Ȳ˵ļ紺Ĳ˵ǿݾͱȲݾˡ
ɹţһ궼ڴˮҲðȻóֻҪ죬ǽǶɹˣ
˼һ
۳ˣ˵ݣݵɹѴҲѾˡ
䣬Ҫĳﱸݾ裬ԷⰡǿڵ
ᶫЩң˿ݵ⣬±հԥݵһݳ飬Ǻ֣ԲԲ°͵Ӻӵ
Ҫ裡
ɣ߲ڳɹţѾܳˣǲһɹų룬ͬǲ롣ͷԵ
һһǧˣһʱ߷һǧ˸Ͳðü
ǲһ𣡡
˵ţͱ˰Ŀ뿴һǣǶһڲĹͷ󺺿ء
˴˿󺺣أ˺࣬ȻѾ˯ˡ
βò˰Ȼֵط˯ţ֪治ںأ۵İ


718 
ߵţǰһֱ΢΢ſﵹȥ
ȿȿȣޡ˭ĸү
ţˮǺһĶ˼ں󣬱ŭüһɨҪ׼ƿڴ㿴ǰޱһ豭
ɶ𣿡ţɲҺζŸɰ˭֪ѾҪôԼء
ںţԼһֻ־ǰһҲԼҪһվúһľͷƵüһͻԼԣţ£ҲͷĵСۣ
ųϢȥôˣʵ
⡭۲ǻȥզ֪ţЦ
Ǻţߵĵ£Χʱţܺ󣬾Ͷˣɴ˿һҲģɵףװ׶
ԣתǵʵ˶ˣִ˶ˣ
죬˶ʮ˵
Եͷͷźţоһ˵ǶʮΣ
ɶ˼ţüʵ⻰ţǲᱳġ
ûʲô˼߷ʱûֻһˣ
㲻ҶͶˣţ
סȻ㿿ס㲻ףһ׵ˣã￴ҲˬԼ鷳ȻҪȰѲ׵ļһˣ
үֳˣţһֵİɣӦþͻˡ
ǻɣ뱣㣬ҲΪ
˵ĿĻںţɱˣΪһɰʲôɫãһȻǺȴе壬޷ǾǽٲƲɫƱ㲻ɱӲɱԽ룬Ȼˮսǲɱˡ
ЩϰϴٴӵģһȺҰܣҲˣȷţԼ˵һ֮ûиЩҲǲɱȡѣԺûˡ
˵ǴΪӣΪһȻβֱҰܣϾЩһ°
ţһ˵ҰûԼţԼ˹һܣȻˣܣںţһȺͽûʲô³
û뵽ţȻܣ⵹ǳԤϣܵҲףһȷҪﲻһʹ·Ҫɵ֣ɱҲûʲôộ˭ɵȥЩⱾ
֮ʱͻȻһСӪʣˣ
ʲôôˣүΪҪȵأСӰµԽԽˡ
δѯʣţ˷ܵһĴȹЦ
ȻȻû˰۹ȻûзԼԼҲװʮ֮á
ȻСһۣ㳯ε˽͵ϱߺ֮⣬ǧƵսӰ붨Ǹ߷ˣ
ʲô
ԣ˶ǴһţһӱһѾסСûүҵˣ
СͻȻţץס죬ЩܵĴϢܽʲô
ſ
ţһַۣССҵ£ֵǺ촬ǲսǲ񽫾ҵλµо붫Ѿʮˣ
ʮ
½ϣʮȷЩˣһʱǺѵ⺣ϣʮսԣǼʱԡ
Ŀ찡֣ųӺӵԲԲ°ͣһȭȥټʿ׼У
ҲȥټĽʿأûʲôôˡҲ˵꣬뿪ʡ
ˮˣǧһ㣬ҽ±սܵͣӦսڱķߣ߷£ű߻ëô
߰ɣǳȥ
˵꣬λһȥţҲǽϣ뿪£𶢽ţֻҪһﲻȻᶯ
ʱ춼Ѿæʿ׵ףķϴϴһʱ䣬ĸӪغͼСӪصĽʿ˱ս״̬
Ϻţսսѱ¹ڣȻҲȫˣƺһ۵ĶʯʯĿҫۡ
Ĵ㻹мңü
ĺţȻСӻЩȻ˵һң
һңţƨûָţжսͶҪԿ߷Ҳһֱϡ
һһ֪үΪŪŴ˶ʮŴţɴ۾
ʮе˰ɣü
һԣǰһ͵Ƕԣȷ̫ˣǶԣȴࡣ
⽫˼ƺ˵ԼûһǮ
ͣˣ飬ù⣬촬Ƕʵѣ϶´ɴ
⺣ҪԼ촬һȱٹȱٲϣһҪܴ죬ع⣬óֱ֪͢㣡
һҪӴĵطȻͶˣû뵽ЩǮһС룬Ȼսͼֽ
峯Ժ󣬹ﱻϴһգණ䵽棬սͼֽҲ˳ۣ˺ϺУ󱻺ϧ𹺵ãŪʧõս
ҲЩˣ˿ҪԵģǰƽϣֵһźߣ
ԶԶȥܷˣɴ˿ɼǿ⽫һӴս飡


719 һھ
Ӵս鿿˲֪䣬սѾ޷߾ɴ˿ɼսǧϣγɰΧ֮ƣȺΧ
һҶͻȻӵд֣սʮͣ£Сǰһݿظ߽ˮı飬۳Ҵ룬Ҵ뽭ɽɱҴʵۣ߽֣齵ݹָ߽֮飬Ⱦ֮
ˮıһ֣㲻ϸ۳۴ñӣһڴ룬һںˣ˵ĺԼͳ
κЩһҪɵģ粹ԼʱҲҪԼҹԳ⣬Ұյȵȿڴʣɼûʲôɣ治ó
ǰһȻһЦͻȥ߸߷ʶͷǰһһ棬ʮصڷˣݹҲ棬趼ʶ㣡
㡭Ǻˣô˵ȿ֮
ʸ˵ʲôѵ辭ͬ⣿˵ʣȴҲݸ֪˶Է
ԣǳһʸݣȴ֪Ȼ˶һѰ·ô
뵽ˣɾתϲҲ¶ѹ˷֮ʸǹưˣ۳ɱ񣬱ӱλʵۣͳմ뽫ʿЩˣȻֱǶ˵
ò˵˵ᴵñӺҿۣƫƫ۵оݣζЩˡ
ʸô죿ȻǺżϵҲûٵ
ô죬һսǱҪˣһɡ
˵սնʹʵؾͱƻҲں˼ô˵ֺξɱء
󣬺ٺһЦԴһӹǹ׼ؿڣֻšءһǹ΢΢һ𣬽ŶȻҽһСϵ뺣С
ǵоǱߣߣ鱻һǹ˺󣬶ǼΪİ
ߵĽʿ˭֪ǹⰡӪÿ춼ϰ۸߷ǱߣΪþݣŹǹҲѹ֪ǹɶⰡʴˣͻȻ͵˺ǻΪһǱоŻء
ûõļһ
ҵˡ
Ǿǣ˵ʲô粻֮࣬۳ͶأԼˡ
ݾ˶֮Աǵİš
û취һǹҲΪ̫Զִѹ˵ʲôǹڸˡ
ǣ֮ǾͷԾˣΪεӦɣѲСٴҲӦû˰ɣȫûУСŵøϽҡľżӪ
ôˣ
ˣĴˣ
ʲôˣ
յϢĽʿǶǴʧɫһզģεﱻģ
޴뷨ոճ֣ڽʿ㿴ؿðѪˮ
⡭
ǻǹ
һ
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ûҲֻлǹ顣
ɶ۳һȫûҪͶ˼ǻϻʲôɱȥ
ɱɱ
ݾĶˮֱǾϰ˵ǱԷֻеоһıҪ¶Ǵֿɵá
ͳİΪаʱȻ۳ҲͳյռңңǻµĶͳ񣬲Ѿ׷ɢˣ粵ľ񲻹ǧѣճȫЩԼ¾ʵǰЩ࣬ҲòˣǶ½սľ񣬶ˮսͺս۳һˮ򶫱ĶǽЩѵģʵձ鲻ǿҲѹݾǶôˡ
߽ɣ
ǰ߽һսҪ򣬺αЩ۳ϻ
׷ڸ߷ǰӧս
߷˫ü΢΢һ壬ȻȫںϾҲҪˣ۳ȫǸһƣʵܵġ
һЩɱ¾ǹ齵һҲ׳ԼʵԺͼı£ᷡ
ֻû뵽۳Ȼ£⵹ǳԤϡ
ԷʲôʱҺԼԿ㲻Ūף߷ʿǵĻˣССһ£Ҳճ
Ϊȷ棬·ʮ߰˾Ӫ渨оսŽذȥûлǰƵ͵Ϯо󷽣
ǣ
λ߷Ľ˫ֱȭӦŵ󣬷׷תȥͳ콫ʿ׼ս
ݾս˶üͷһ֪߷϶ҪģΪ⺣ս½սʽȫͬȥҲ½սܱȵģ߷һ·ᷰܰ٣Ѹ߷ȫˣȻܡ
ǧһսþٶȣܿٶĿģվȽŸͱҪˣԤⷢ
һսʸжٰգͻȻʵ
գǺǣⶫҪסˣҰֿˣһûСεȻһЦĿɨоֵ߷ƣҲһҾԶٵ£ǷźҾζȻֱӴӰ˷һ¶Ⱥ˳ƴ϶ҲпܣʱҲˣһǱҪʤ򶫺תۼˣ
˵ɣݾˮսҾҪʤܰⳡҪʤ
˵оͲ
ûƳһ磬ߵǰڴͷһŴͰһģ΢΢һЦⶫڣҪ߷кѣ
ⶫ
γɼڰʽŹֵ⣬һֱ͹ʱѯ˻ʸʸֻǵȻһЦû˵ʲôڿȷ̵ġ
һԵĺţԴ֮ԱǣⶫᣬΪⶫսͷ俪һ󶴣ˣⶫ¶ȥͺĿɿһӣļһ¶һҪϵͬпҪЦˡ
¬Ī׼һ¡οǰĵдȷѾ
ˮû֣ӵһְȻ˹Ժѧӡ
ȻЩսĶЩð¬Īͱɶǲֵƽʱ͵ɽʱ࣬ʱڴˡ
ηԸ˷ܵĴ֣һڲڵһҩһоɻ󲻽ĿУ˵׼ڿڵλãȼߣֻðһ󣬽ţһ춯صľ죬սͨ𣬼еĽʿڴϣ֣ȴ֪룬ȫͲ׷ʲô飿
ͻȻݾȷ洬ֻһܳ˵ĴսɲʱǱͷľмǵصɢںϣһ両ʬӺ¸ǴսҲΪͷ汻һ£ƿ̫󣬿ʼкˮ룬Ȼ㲿³ˣ


720 䰡
߷ֻһ춯صľ죬ʱŵôˤ
ǹǴеĻǹ𣿡
߷֪лǹʱܴòŴˣŵͶˡ
˰
԰ݴţǹٴҲһǹһ˶ѣȻһǹȻǵĴսˣ߽Ǻðһıſڵϣ˿Ž³ȷս𾪵
ʲôˣ߷ҲвˣȥȻȵսȻ³Ư˲ľмˣҲ֪ЩǱģǱ꼰ˣЩǸŲģЩǻǿ򸽽ֻ
ˣˣ
ʲôʲôģ߷²¼ʱ𾪵ѯʡ
֪оĴսϣͻȻһףǵĴͱˣΪͷָӴң⴬ͷһ㶼ûü㣬ֱľˣѪһʣ
ʲôô᲻֪߷ŭ
ְĲְ
⽫˵䣬ͻȻһ춯صľ죬ţһһ£һûддǰ¥ˣŵú󷽵ĽʿĿɿڴɵۣǰĽʿȫŵùڵأͷధ
ǿֱ췣췣ʲôһӾܰһҴսˣ
⡭
Ŀɿڴ˵ˣ˼ֲֵκ͹Ժѧ⣬нʿоһ𾪣𾪡
ҵι⡭ҪŪһŵ˵ƺһˣƬ󺣶ӵˣţ˷ܵš
ʸǺεȾѣǰѯʣһԵǡ֣˺Ͳ񾰵Ƚ죬Ҳ׷ǰѯʡ
ڣҹԺ²ͻǹֻ࣬Ǵһ㣡εЦ
ֹǴһ㰡ֱǴ˰ٱֹȽ춼Ǻޱȵš
뵽粻뵽ʸɹԺѧʱƺ⣡
ʸβһһٰѸ߷ˣ˷ܵ
С
ȴҡҡͷǴھ㿴ڵľ֪ˣⶫǧǰͲ֣ܣʯոֲϴⶫҲŪֻڵãҲսܳܿںĺബֻϴڣһڹȥоҲ˵ԼĴܿܶҪˣзĿܣ
ҲΪʲôѯʺţжսɣңڣֺξ߷ڣֻһˡ
˻ʸͣڻ֮ǰ𾪵ͬʱҲɰϧ
ⶫԸɹģֻͼǺ˺սȵ֪ùԺѧӶ켸ʮСڣڴңս׼о뷢һٱõоɻ𣡡
ⷬ룬ҪиʮСһڣڴ󴬲棬һĺǶ治ܳʲô
ɱԵĴɱ
ţɲɵ⻰˼汻Ūһ޵ˣ
Һû԰򡭡
뵽Լĺţ̲ס̿ˮǰ͹Ƶҡβɶ磬ԺҸˡ
ݣһû곤ءû˵ţзԸ׼ٸһڣ
⻰ɤߺȵ׼ˣҷðˤ
ϵ˶׷ʲô⻰ﻹվǶſţץܸȵĵطĿȴŶĵдһֻı飡
û취ղŵʵ̫ˣĴͻȻͱˣΪԼĴһ£ûվȣ¶ûϸԷȵڶʱҲȫУûعʴٴεһˣڣէˣǻ¸ƨ
򣡡
Ѿģ
ڽʿǸߺУ羪׵ٴ𣬲ò˵¬ĪͱȷǴڵĺ֣ǰڶУһҲ⣬ͬһҵдϡá
硢񾰵Ƚʵ̲סģ׷Χȥôڵȥġ
ʮȣȥȣԶԣλӡ¬Ī̵
ڿԸ˵ɣȻûڣʸ˵ⶫͻǹ࣬ôӦֱߵİ⻹ϵڿڣҪ
ߣ㲻ɣ֪ΪʲôĹӻ䵽棬䵽ϰΪһжڵ棬ڵҲ⣬ʵӵҲһֻӵ̫СܴԶˣҲǣڵűֱʵлȵģһߣֻҪ׼ˣûдŵĵء
Ҳû¬Īǵһƪۣⲻ֪ЩѧûʱȥԺ̵һ£Ҫ¬Ī֪ЩԺСƨǣ֪ˣ᲻ˣ
ҩ䣬ڵҲװãǶû⣬׼ȵȡ˵꣬ͻȻüͷһдб䶯ȱڡ
¬ĪɨһۣЦһģŲȥȡ
Ͳ񾰡ǡ֣ȫˣҲںʼŲŲ˺üΣŲã¬Īе׼طжǣҾʮȣʮȣǿʮ߶ȣƫϵʮ˶ȣڼŲȥȼɣ죬ҪȻִˡ
¬ĪĻ˲ŷ֣ں滹һС⣬ԲڿڵķλȾµ⣬δţδ
ⶫѣ΢һ£˱ˣܿ׼˷˷ܵŻѣȼߣʱһ춯صľ죬׼˱׷׿һֱ׼ͷĵдͻȻһӡ
ߺ˵㣬΢͵һúǱԹһ
⻹˿оˣѵҪ˼սˮɣ
Ȼˡ¬Īû˵ţһ۱ŪһӵĴ˴̾Ĵ򷢣ֻƤ⣬˽ǣȻһӣû£ҴߣһûҲûɶˣ
һ⻰˲򣬵ȷ޻˵ˣҲҪǸطһһĻٶҲͽͣ˼һдƴɱһںߴ鴬¥ɶ˵оȻͲҿˡ
ͨһ㣬ûзգӵԾԾ
Ҵһڰɡ֣˷ܵĴưķ֣սһЦ
ʲôղһҴ򲻺ãһԡƿ֣ˣѾҪ㡣
ҩû䣬ʲô
û˵ţָŵϵļľȲߣȻҩڵҩҪʵˣ̫Ҳ̫٣ʣµЩ㹻ɣҪȻûӰˣǴƨ
˱ķ̻Ҳûһ˼ҪڣȻűԸæ
䰡
ûãһںһսƨɶʱһӣˮȥ


721 ڱĵط
ˣȷս˻Բߣɱȥ
߷˻ûɥʧǣڵľܿҪȫΪ֪Էõʲôƾ¶ˡ
½½ϻսյ۳ˮں䣬һҴҪ߷սǣǰ¥ֱӱһһűͷ­ҪĹԲڵδֱͣӳսǰûüӦ˾ͱڵ꼰ˣɲʱ䣬ͬʱ𣬲ҽ뺣УԲڵֹͣǰࡱǰװϡ
һ亹Ӹ߷ͷ䣬̿ˮɫޱȵĺдֻͳͳˣ쳷
˿̣սϣ˷ܵһȵ̫ˣôԶܴõ
ʮɣЧһʮɵ֮䣬⣬ˣܺղžǵдһɣкκֵġ¬ĪЦһ
ʲôܴôԶ
Ҫ֪ͨĹôԶľ룬ǼˣҲֻǿˣҪճִΧģ˺ٶҲͽͰֻһľǽͿԾ¡
ȴ֮⣬ܰľǽѺĵоɱɴ˿ɼڵ֮ˣ
ʸоֻʶӣǺβʤ׷ֱڣŶʸ˾֮飬ıȭ˷ܵ
ҡҡͷĿǰ֮װһţֻ壬򲻿ΪðȻ͵оƴɱֻỻˣʱҲڶã˵Լˡ
ιǺܶ࣬ûв򵥡
ʸ˵ûԶսȷԳ֮Ϊ޵Уһսͨ;絶ǹءӴ˻ǹܾãͬôá
ⶫǡؾ޿ƥе͵оսǾΣˣ˻ã뷢ٶĵҲܺһţôʸԣֻ壡
Ÿ߷ս齥ʧںƽߣд˲ʰ
ڵоŴң˺󶨻ֺüƲߣɱǱץ˵꣬Ը׼ǿغߣΪ߷ӽӦܿڵǿ󣬵ҲֻսԣһںúãԴһҴ棬ڷɢ£ڵɾҪ̫ˡ
εĽͣغߵҪԣղҲȷи߷սߣûüǰ߾ͺˣ߷ŵֻȫ롣
ڴʱͬӵĻɹŴ
ߵԶǸ߷򵥰ʮڣ뷢纣Хӭײǽһһء
һȻ׵Сˣŭˤһߵȥ
󽫾˳ŹأҪڴǰ˰һ³üչ
ǲ˲аڵвûʶɽǵǵʿ嵽ǰ֪Ҫ٣˳ⶫлǹǵĻǹǵĸӺã̸ԶҲΪ׼ðȻȥƴ̫ˡ
Ҳ޿κΰò׵õǹļգˣû뵽ת˼ҾˣڵֱǾ񰡣
²󽫾оѾʮʱпܴһСݵĽ
ôˣǶѾ˳Źˣǻ׷ţǲǺĲˡ
ŭ˵꣬ݺݺһҧˡ
Ѿǹƾսܴʤ̣ھʵǰһжΪλÿջо˧Ҳɵӣƾڲƣȫûилɳ˵ʱ
˿̻ɳ֮ϣʮŰӵĽ˶󺺣ƶһųɣڿֱҲߵľ޴ڣǰš
һȺ̽·ȷӣٵ£ص˻оĶС
ʦֳˣ
ӽǰΣ߾ûںңε
ӽѾյʦľʾظϳȥغң
ţܺãǰ
ǾʦٹȥããޱߵɳĮˣоܴܿ˷ɱ˼ɵ
ٿһƾڣפݵɹŴȫƻȥѾĪˣαػҪ׷Źȥðء
̽ӣųʮʱ̼ܵķ紵ݶ߾ޱ
ǲ֪ʦһҪȥǣ
ٲǲϣֻǺĿĵɳĮϹתƣҪ밡׷ɱңԸˣϾ˼ȻУٶȣʵȹܱȵģһҪҪ֪һںܾܿΪ۳ŵ˰
һܣ
ʲô
һ⻰һˡ
ܳΪɹĿǰҪĵطĻǹɴ֮ϣɹĿǰڹļ֮صĹңռžҪλãʦڸûˣɼδʮɹſ¾Ҳûẳ۳ˡ
ʮ꣬۳ʲôٶ޷²ģϾǰһ뷨Ȼһɲ䣬ӵļӣ̵ļ̣ԴӽͻȻճԼѾǿδˣ


ԺζĿš
ĶԽԽģӹѴڳˣ޷
ˣûƺо׸Խӵڴڴƽƽĵϡ
㣬ǱϢˡ
һţԺӣϽǰ˵
ֽӹһ߲һߵôˣ᷿ж
ȻǧЩ飬ʵһֵܰΪԼͺӵİȫҪ֪˷ԤڽҪʱ̣˸͵Ϯˣ
ᷱЩˣݶﱸˣͻȻвˣӦ˵ɣЦе˵
͵ҵˣͻȻûİһۡ
ѽô֪Ծʵ
̣ҺѸ͡
⻰粱๫˵Ȼ˵оͦ˵ģѹ๫ϲ˵ЩĪĻ
СԴóлΪͻȻĴ㣬Ȿһϡ룬Ȼףűÿˣʴ˲Ż⡣
ţ
粴ֽһüһü๫Ūʲôˣһôá
ڰϽ㲻֪ͻȻʵ
֪΢Ŀá
Ȼˣ
ĵϾϽȻй飬ɴûʹڷϽ¶ܳԾӣܲ
ȥѧʱ򣬷ֽ͵͵ͷʦŪģ½ߣҾûǱ˷ʦϼһ֪Ǵһʲôġ
һ֮ø߷ˮֻʶӣҿʶһ£һܵǧٻǹ֮ܵھʲô
أϽǲ֪ˮɽһСɽ챻ڸûˣʮŵզֻһŰɻ󲻽
һ⻰üһüĪǣڱط𣿡


722 ״
߷ڴȥǼΪĲ̫ƽ
Ѿȥˣû뵽ʲôõƵ֮ߣȥҪ˱ˣ
һ˱ζʲô߷û·
ûԼ޷¶ˣҲݻһֻɵӲŻɵ顣
ȻΪɹܹ᷿ðһԣʧȥݣҲֻΪɹŵӣҲûʵɹּۻˡ
һֱӽ۳
߷ǲͶ۳ģΪڶµ򣬲ʲôص飬տ±ը˿ɲ٣֮ǰǻʹ˴ӷµ⣬˭һֽţ𣿲ܣǵ粹»ʹһģԣˡ
ᷰˣô߷۳һĿ꣬뵽۳Ūڹʱֱһΰ
ţ
߷뵽⣬ͻȻо뵽ʲôԾ˶ڣԼܵˣ
ԣ̫ˣ
߷߶߶ţͻȻһ˷ܵĴЦһˣԭ˰ѹϸоͷأԭҲйǰ
ڵȷ߷Ҳȷŵòᣬ⵼һ㣬ǱǵоΪʲôֻһζķأ
Ҫ˵ͱ˼ɣֻܷصĻҲӦ׷ɱʮݻһЩֻϾ̫һȻڻٵһҲһսȫˡ
ҲӦ׷һս˲ս
ǣֻһڣһ׷ȻᱻʱԼȥǻڲ
ͨһ㣬߷ɰģ˷ʱ䣬ˣˣ
߷˼ʵкηԸ
ȥ׼ٴι򶫺
ǣ
Ȼ׸߽ΪλҪȥҪ֪ڿ̫ˣһɶҲûˣڹȥκξɽ˸ҷ
߷սٴγʱεȻһЦźţξ׼ȥǽҪѡǶǴɾҪԼˣ
ţԺٺһЦİɣүʧġ
ţ˷ܵ߳գһСʱСϵĶЦɵСǷ˴ˣһ£ǾͿԼңˣ
ž
ͻȻ۱ţһЩС
զ
Żգһ޹Ŀźţ
㶮ƨһο淢ˣ
ɶɶ˼ȫ׵ʵ
Ŀļһ֪СӵĺôõΣպүݺ󺣱㲻Σ
⡭˵ʲôѵָСӰ㲻ɣ㣬ҲҪ£ȼµζ𡣡
㶮ƨɲѰܱȵģСӵֶ̫Υ棬þԺܲң
ʲô򲻹£ʲôµİⲻǴ˵ּ𣿡ۻһɻ
֪Ϊʲô߷˱𣿡ţͻȻŶ۵
üͷһֲǲ֪СĿǧ˵Ӫȴൢһ죬ʴ֪߷ΪʲôҪܰѵҪˣ˵󣬶ۻ˷ܵһ䡣
ţٴθѾһƣĵķϣҲҡͷ㲻һԾˣǲ֪һһŽڵ⣬أ׼ˣһܰһսˣ
ʲôôһŰ
ۿģ⻹ܼٵˣţ˵꣬ڰֵϻ˵쿪ȥֵ׼һ£ҪӲ̴ˣһúãӾȥϺҺһϴǰˣ
۲ԣȻźţôҲţһھܰһսˣ⴬ʲôģֽ
ɻ󣬶ۻźţʮҺ촬ȥ
߷ŻսȻ֪ӦҲֻҴʲôڣԶԶıܿ¶Էһԣȸһڡ
״׼ȥǴڴȽţֱϴҾƣ˵ȴڴڴ޷ڹʱȫһ˵о
ֻҪû˴ڴ߷ڹ˼ʲôϾ˲ǶԷսҲȶԷֻ߳࣬Ҫڴƣѹķʽȥò
߷뷨ãҲ²һֻսܿڣսֻù󣬹ʴˣ״ʻ˳ԾС
Ϊ״Ʊأʵ죬¬Ī׼ڶˣֻǽһƬˮ״⣬ѹûճɰ
ãʸ⡭
δ˵꣬εȻһЦ㿴žͺã
򶨣˲֪ΪΣҲ
״սаʱͻȻսֱ࣬ʹҡǴ
˵һʱ䶼ð뷨ΪС˵ֻһҶСۣûľûзٶȣȻĿ죬ƽϵĿ˵ֻһӰ
Ҵϣĸˣǰͷںͷǰ˺ûʲô˾ľٶȴͷˣΪƺʲô棬ҽ»ʲô⣬˫糵ְתƨɾȻһƬˮ
⡭
̿ˮʵʸΣĪǾùԺѧӴս
ǣεЦ
δе㡭
κܹЩȷ˵һԵĲûЩǣֱʵʸ˵ĵоĪȥɡ
ǿžС
˵⻰С촬Ѿ״״Ȼ˷ָĵزҲǿֻûԶ̵ģȫǿս
һС촬׾Ϳ״С촬ǰͷˣһóһͲ׼״Ͳ󷽣һƤƳɵӣһѧӶºͻȻֻ˿ˣ浱Ǵˡ
ͲͻȻˮǸɻˡ
Ǹʲô״˸
Ҫ͵ˣôһȥܰ⴬ˡ
С촬ٶޱȵıܿ״Ŀ׶̳ĳǹΧ״תһȦ󣬱ԶԶ˿ˣһĻǸӵķѽˡ
翴Σ͵ʵ
ɡοС촬ûбҲͷЦ˵
ʸ㡭
δü˵ʲôͻȻҲ֪˭һŤͷһ𾪡
˿ֻ̣״ϣȻͻɲʱͱûڴС
绹֪զˣ֣һ״ûʱĿȥãһС촬Զ״ͻȻ⴩ϵһ״һ֧״һǣ䡱һ£֮ͬǰһͻȻðܴ
ͣ
һ̣׸ղŵˮʲôˣ


723 ս
ʲôⰡѬѬġ
ţġ
ѽˣǿ㻮˴ڴɣһ״һҪһսǲɶҡĵλ
״Уཫʿ׶һЩ̱ˮϣҲᣬΪⶫȻ֪ͣԲͣҪŶˣ˭Ե£
ȻͣǾͲǻͣǻʲôأ
߷Լ״ޱȵںˮ߰ƣöڵ󣬲¶ĴЦ
Ϊ˴״߷νɷѿİǰ뻹ʱÿʯ򶼱͢ѹģµľЩѹƵĵطӶ췴
Ը߷ҪŪ״ж಻ˣڣȻ´ˣҲˣǺ;ݺؼйڣؼҵݲٵؽ磬˾Ͳϰ֮ؼͻȻߣֵᷣȻûʲôڣʮֿëͷСӡ
·߾ɣ߷Ϊ
ΪԼ棬߷ѡᷣݺĵǺġ
ᷣһҲûж״ܴ죬ø߷ƣ뵽ᷲ۳Ҳ򲻵ʴҲûǿӲҪ󣬲һγʨӴ󿪿ڣֱҪ󣬵³֮Ҫݣ
ڴ״ò˶ãʮ׳ưԺݺˡ
߽쿴
ڸ߷ĳ䣬ͻȻһָ״ķ򾪵һ䣬߷ȥ㽫һҶС۵СںϱۣΪԶЩϵڸʲôֻΧ״תһȦ󣬱ˡ
ʲôƾС⣬Ҳҵ״߷ϷʵЦš
ԾǺ״Ͻˮأ㿴ˮɣ
ˮ
߷ԸǹЦһڰֵǵƣ״עǣ׼Ըʿ״оУɱȥ
ǣ
˵꣬ҪȥͻȻ䣬ֻҰһ֣ȥŴ͡
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صģŻˣҲղ棡߷⻰Ҳ֪ǰοأǰοԼ
״ȷˮ֣ǰˣӵ͵Σ׾ٵܰڹˡ
״Żһ˲䣬ͣǰ˿̣˲֪ǣ״ϰݽʿȹϵϣ಻԰
״׶Ƿǻôǹģڸղţ׶һЩ̱ŵˮЩڴֱ˵ϣһ⣬ڻһ֮󣬴Ȼ˳Щ͵ĺۼӽתۼ䣬ʮ˱ճ˻ˣڴҲ֪;ʲô⣬Ȼô𣬷ѼҪͬĽʿҲ
һʱ䣬״ȫף⻹һʼ̱ǵζѬĳζʱǲ֪ûŻȥǱɣ
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߷ˣ治֪оʲôȻ˾ãƺﶼŻˣȻԤϰ
ǰԼҾȥʱûãƱСˣҾҾƴӿ׶봬գֻҪʿԼע⣬Ҳ
ûͣҲôһҪӴë߻ľЩܳȼգֻҪӴ࣬Ǽ
һȫͲͬˣͻȻ籬ըƵģһӾͰյĽʿ˻ĻᶼûУͱƵôӲӳһȥ
ңҡۡ
߷һϲˣͻȻʱȻһѪ˳
Լ״СĿ촬ˣͬһֻͻͻȻһ챻ҧһ𾪣ֻ

ܽʿ޲ĵĿŸ߷
ùңϣɿ촬ܿڻƵһӶ棬һغоֻһڣ𲻵ʲôãҪŻסˣɱ
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ս򶫺һ·ߺ·Ƶһ·ǰϮµǧ͵оⶼʤô߷ҲͶԾˡ
ߣ˻˷УҲû뵽⿴ƺ;ľٶȻתۼѸ߷޵е״ˣֱǧﰡ
Ϊˣ˶ԻʸľϽˮ಻ƺӷһʰ
û˷ܶãͻȻֵдӪУɳ԰ټƵСսˮںϡ
߷ˮȻнʿѵأش֣һ¿ҪֱӺǴӲˣ
絣ǵĻЦЦӲ̣ǺǣþӲ̣

춼һΪʸ治ʲôӲ̣ȴ֪ѹͲͶԷӲ̣
оǶȻҪɢȻˣǾ͸ְɣ֣һ治ôˣ
˵ţ񾰣ǧʿо·࣬нضǵ·ϵĻᡣ
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񾰺һ˹ȥܿ׶༪٣Ϊض˼ҵ·оֻҪоͷΧǾһͬʱҲᱻΧģ˭һأ
ǽҲ˦ǧҲɱغһмǣɿо̫ǲֻʶʱڳʤ׷
ıȭӦŵҲͬ׵оΪʲôֻʶӣΪоףսϵڣ棬أ
ʸǾʣһǧȫҪ赲о߰ǧЩѰɡ粻µоཫ㣬ǵεİο
һһһоǱȻҪˣһˣ׼ͻʲôأʴˣȻȥʣµͽˡ
ţʣµ飬ͽɡ
ҲʲôµĿӲ̰ͳ죬ܿҪӣ罻һء
粺üˣѧ˲ͳ£Ȼˮսٴ򣬵Ϊ粵ڻƺЩԿ󣬾ͼǿˮѵҲӴ࣬սãʲôʲôϣҲָơ
뵽ʱҲһֵս󣬲û׼Сض̤˴ӹԺѧӽС촬׼һЩ˵Ĺ


724 
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һⰶ߾Ȼţ߷Ͷ˼ֻ⻰˵Ľҡͷа߽одɱǵǰĻᣡ
ʲôҲед
߷ˣȻڴϣԿķΧܹ㣬ΪηڴսѾܵԶԶģԱоһڸˣһͺѿ尶ߵõҲедء
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ӻݳǣаٶȣò˼죬ٳ£ʱ⼯еĽʿҪطɾˣ
Ȼ߷һ¶᷶ȡһܴȡ࣬ͬʱҲܴɹＷһЩ

⻹δȸ߷Ҫô͵о棬ͻȻҲˮΧˣ
ʲô˵ʲô߷ŵ
߽ˮͻΧǾȣ󽫾ɡսĽ쵥ϥ¹
߷ЩˣͬʱҲɵˣʲô°оôͻȻͶ˶أҲص׷ڻֱӰΧˣҴ»Ŀ߷ʲô˼
ǾȣĸԱǧʿվ
ҪΧǧʿҲҪһıɣ򻹰ΧƨоĶôбĶսأ
߷Щɣǲ鱨ˡ
ˮѾ߷һװ׵ǧˣн±սҲǰ̴洬ģҲ˵ҪΧԼˮΨһİ취㳲Ŷһŵоսиղ㱨о׷룬һ͸¶Ź찡
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߷ͷһۣͻȻֵˣ
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˵һǧ˰ٵ룬ʱҪʱԲˣ߷ˣ
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߷Ѿû˼ˣԺУȫǽһ̵ĸϡŹ֡
߷֪˸͸ˣοʼ֪߷״󣬾뾡취ƽڹ꣬취״ûãΪ䲻ӵҲ򲻴״Ÿоأʵٶȼ죬Ҳô򣬶ʵ֤ҲȷѴ뵽˻𣬶Ϊ״ˮ֣ǹĸ߷Ȼ뵽֪ɽлƫɽУһѻ״ˣ
߷õսοҲֻΪڣǿǲǧһսͬʱҲ̫ˣǸˣ
Ҫ˵߷᷵ˣҲţ򵱳᷶󣬸߷Ӧһ¶ռݶλӡ
ԣ߷ûôҲ֤ں̸
α֪߷ڣ
ӲҲһϲӲˣôΪǵļһ
߷һɾ˲ˣò׳嵽۳ˮӪˮܵͷܣһһ·жأԲ˵ˣˮҲǼΪֹ۰
ǲǧʿضϺ·ǰ棬Ǻţһ˷쳣Ļ˫ɱ˵дն죬ʮС䣬ûио񫣬ǧҲǷд
߷õΰѻƺĺˣЩ£붼ȲѶΪģź˵ֻҪһսʤˣԱ۳ͳǰĿھдģҲԻؼũ߼̷ȵȡ
һһЩʵܲԼĺ⣬󲿷˶ˡ
˭Ҳ⺣һСűߵһϱһСӣݵĶա
ֻҪͶ۳ˮЩʵ֣ô˭ԸЩʺĵطҶա
ңղŴ˵ˣ˼۳أһܸɷһûȥţڿǽһհ
һ֮ǰ˵ģֻҪ۳Ժ󻹿ԸڴݺĺǺεȵ磬εȵǣϺĶˡ
Ǻһ̣Ǳʤ
ԺĹˮǧʿ˲սЩͶļһûüͶͱһЩˡ
ȸ߷֪һʱףˣ


725 綮Ļ
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߽ҵȥӪȣȻٴܵоǣƣȣ˹˵ĿҲҪһüͷ
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߷ܷǧʿܲˣճɵʧ̫ܲ
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һûڣо˼ɣʱԼʵҲҪоһ
߷Ȼҵвϵĳ£ܱ侲ѡսһǽߣо󷽣
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ѾɲѡˣˣͬҲᱻоʵʱֱƹǽڽڰˣʧ˶ΨнԹأһ
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ƺˣǧ׵һûõоĽ죬ûгɱǰߵǿʵԹػȡģֻǸʧܡ
˶ǳԸ߳ս˵ͣս໹ȡʤġ
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Ūģǵ·ǻ϶оӪ
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αЩԸ⣬ϾŰ󣬶·ŵľѾˮУһˣܿŰһ𱻺ˮðʱͺѻˡ
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ֻһʣѹͲ֪׳ϢɽһﾹȻһ룬һھûû˵ıԹ
˭ӪϴͲΪıȡ㸣οЦ
ǣԴӪӪûйӣһƫƫ̰ᣬÿιͶԼͷϣ˸߽ǮҲ֮óôһǷ֣ͷϵģģһپǮ
һ⻰ʱң˵ӪϴָӪͳ죬ȴ룬Сһ˼⻰ȷз硣
ǶԴͶˣǰ˵ʣ˵ĻǶԸдյĳɳڣȻһķԣʵ³ԾˣҪ֪˿˰ȴڶϣüǧһһҲҪ갡Ҳ֪ȥԶģӦþǮˣǮ˵ﰡ˾Ȼѧᣬɼ˵ıжˡ
֪ΣϱӾĶˣһԺֹһ֣ǻͼһ׳ﶼԶĳĽвνӢҲԶأ


726 д
̶һˮ·ƾϻС׳˲ٱϢ֪Լͷͳ֪ԼĿǰʮӪΪ˱͵͵һƣϲûпдӪֻСƸ
Сλ֪һʮ˺ʮӪʧأ¶ˣû취Ϊȷ棬ǿǶڳǰߣû˼Ҹǰͱ䷭ʮսʮʮӪҲǶʮҵİ˿촬һӱһ룬֪ʧжˡ
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٣ǣһô·СѯʵȷܼˣǱóȥкǡ
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׽˵꣬תԼ·ԸȡȵǹȥϢһӣڼװ
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һЩ룬ʼ벻׵ģͺọ̀ȷûôû˻ȥ򣬵ôʲôʼղס
˵ĳΪʯͣȥ˼ҲˣΪĳĻڵĴܾȣҶЩطĹƺãҲճĳδ̱ܿľ档
ԼҵܼĳЩҲΪлһЩΪ棬òս
߷ΪʲôɹΪʲô֮ǰӰʡµȵȣΪʲôǺܲװ
Ϊ˵ĵλƬصգЩνɱȨ֮½ϣΨף磿Ǳѹեϰա
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սѾ򶫿ԶƵ˲ˮϲ࣬һڼΧ֮ƣһսսۿҪչֻõһ䣺׼һᣬٶȣɱ߷


727 д̿ͣ
񽫾оɱˡ
µĻ㱨Ȼһͷһ
ڴˣνɱҪԣһ˵оµоǱǶ࣬ԽսǱһ·˳˳ˮоʿԵԲ
ڷҪΧҪһڳԵоȻѾܣԼȥ·ǱǸˣôʧǧĶҲû취͸߷Կˡ
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ǰģΪȻ˲ս£ɶͷָӣֻǽִܵУûпǹͻԣ
ڣף˼ѡҪԣ
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ߺ۶һˣαؼأúүˬһ
˭һ˰ȥȥȥû¡ǻһҪˡ
ߺС磬Ӧ˺үɣһ¶ԣǮүں١С磬ʲôȵȡһ¾ͲҾڣһ£ֲ˺㣬ʲôܰ
ζѾܳԶˣ⻰ĺ漸䣬ͻȻһͷ


731 ôˣ
᷿еսöЩˡ
·ҵ˾ʵΪǣ֪߷ȷӦǹȥշݡ
ò˵ӢȣͲҰĵСڶʮ߰˵ͣһͳµҰģò˵˵ĸΪ
Խ˵ļǣҵҲû뵽߷˲һս˵߷ٻһЩף񶫺Ĵڶ㶫뺣ݳǲʮأҪʱطҲܣǴɱ·ݳǣ·һ·ƽǽ˲ãһ·ȥշǳأһɹݳʱɹŶԸ۳֮ڽأݡ
ΡȻΪһȲıʵȨȨأᷲڣĻͬ᷵ĻڳΡȻҲʮκأǴ˰Ҳ֪»棬Ӷʧ˵õݵĻᡣ
ͬ˵һǾݺؼҴģΡȻȴǰ󲻾ã¾ƵıĿԣԼһռλãͼҵ
źҲȷ糵ΡȻ¹ȻؼҲҪջرؾݣһ֮ǰΡȻúõӱ˾Եãų켺ݡ
ΡȻֻ곤һ꣬룬Ůӣ˽ˣ֪ı㣬ĺ򲻿ɵʮְģҸ߷æ򶫺ģǳΡȻܿϧΡȻݳɶ๬һ¹٣Ϊࡣ
ֿǵ½ιǰ֮ڣҲʱĳΡȻ½ιһıȨʴˣҲҸΡȻŪһʲôӪҲŵֻҪɱݣ๬ΡȻܡ
ԴˣΡȻֻһЦƺܲ⡣
û˽⳵ΡȻôģʲôҪֻһĸᷣѵһòŮӵݿĪǺԽʲô֮£Ҫ֪ԽĶʣǺһڵˣҲһѪϲʵҲûɶ֣һֻΪ˵ˣˣ
ȻûУ
û˭Ϊ˶ӦõһУڳΡȻûˡ
½ι⣬һһӰˣҲȫΪӰ꣬ûкӰһץܾĥΪһˣߣ½ûб¡ųնǼӹٽ½ι϶ԥǷҪӰˣΪӰ͵Ǻˣ
ʴˣÿ˶Լ󣬰ˣҲֻΪԼⷽкܶ࣬ΪǮΪҲΪԼģ
ģߺߡⶫڳΡȻԣֻƭԼĽڣԳΡȻҲֻҪ᷿϶ӦȻˣαظ˵أ
õһУʡˣЦЦЦһоȻһ˶ܣ
ڳΡȻ̫ණ˭뵽һСڶ๬Ļ¹٣ǵүӰģ˵ȥΡȻԼš
ʵˣԽܵ룬Խпܣֻ˲ŰˣӰҪ޷ŵֽţʴ˴û˻ɹΡȻݣ
᷿ã˵ļǣ죬֪˭ȥǳأ˭ȥǣƶأ
㱰ְѾˣݽʱһ򣬹ǳأԽŵùְñְͳǧֱ¶ʣµȫԽݳǣΡȻֵ
ǺǣŲģĪ˵ǧҪҲһüͷȥ¶ȷƣһɹűȻԺˮ·ͬʱˣЦ
ºֻҪɹõǳŵһ֧ǹ¾ݱ׾ˡΡȻЦ
ҲһЦΪ˻ǹ᷻治ðյĶ۳ԣҲҪȫúؼҼæ³ŵպ󹲷£ҲҪúؼҵͷǹ
ϼһС£ֻҪԣͷڹ꣬ЦǺ̰ԼҪһݣ»Ҫֽš
һΣҪȫݳǣ㽻ˡ
İɣְԽʧģ
᷺ͳΡȻһЦı㡣


۳ѮسС
ҹǳ֮£һλ糺쾢װȣòӢŮӣ첽һСԺ֮С
㣬ҹˣǻزˣ콫鱨ϢһһҪһŹӵ
㲻˵Ҳ֪
粰һãбϣЦֵǲǸ߷ˣᷳݳˣ
ѽô֪ģ־˷ܵʵ
ϢʲôսºսȻҲڴ򣬲һֱڽ֣ʱʤϣǵͻƿڣǶסˣս±Ҫȥֲ᷺ܿסˣǰˣ뽫Ԥϡ
ϽĽͣףԼС˼ϽǰãٺһЦֵҲ½϶벻߷ΰܵİɣ
Ŷô˵Цŷʵ
²°ȴ𣬼ӡ
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粿û÷ѿ࣬Ȼܲ³ʲô£ڶսȡʤȴǲö֪ˡ
ϽһȣŬŬ죬ﲻֹһװʲôҲ㿴Щ飬ˣ
Ȼ룬Ҳ˵ϻ˷һЦϽ²ɣ߷Ǳ֮УõģԽԽ
һüͷһ尡ﰵ룺๫ȥðգһ֪ݣ˸߷ͷǱ˸вôֵǮߡ
֪粵С˼ҪѪ˭ϲðյģ๫ܱȵʮ֮һͲˣ
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ϸڣʲôϸڣ
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Ͻ㱻ԼЩٺһЦ㣬򰡾ˣ㡭󣬸߷ͱˣ߷Ҳ̫˰ɣǻˣҲͱء
ţһЦƺȫû˵ʱһĨ糺죡
򶫺ֹܲ۰ֵ
Ҳüͷ๫Ȼ硢ŵҲȸ֣ﻹлǹʲôڣɱϾڵĶؾֻһ򣬿ҹ±ᷲͳӲͷƤǰ壬Ҳѱᱻºݳǡ
ųó׼粺Ȼ˵
Ŷȥ𣿡ͷ

һϽ㿪ڣʱɴ۾ǣȥ
ȥҪ᷺·

Ŵͣš
֪ܲصסȥ˼Һ·һûˣ᷿϶ҪϴɹŰ߲Ÿһˡ
ȻЩ֪ģȻɻ־ʱġ
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⻰˵룬ͻȻϽüһ壬žŶӣͷ亹˲һƬ
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ǰɣ
ﾪٴεɴ۾
㻹Ÿʲô˰粷ӵֶڲϵĺ򶼵
ﻹҷһ˰˰ҽҪ


732 ôУ

ԷͥԺУʮͨΣ׹۵ˣͻȻһ̶ļУŵˡ
ôˣⶼʱˣԪ˧ôûɻȥƺӵһ
Ů˰һʹҹ֮ʹ֮ʹ֮ʹʹΪʹ࣬Ԫ˧ǿŮӣҲ޷ҧְԽҡͷԵ
Ͳ˵Щʲôҹʲôͯĺû
çç򡣡Խǰһͯĺ㲻ᡣ
ۡۡ
ͻȻһӤ޴˲䣬ͥԺ˶˷ֹܵͣͣ½Ų׷װĿ⿴Է
ˣŮɻ˷쳣ʵ
˲ɼһһ˼Ԫ˧ӣƨ°˷ܸʲôľƵģҪûʸ֪ˣѾĻ
֡
ͻȻſ˷쳣ıһӤûǰ˭أֱӰӤ
ӤģɻնС˾һ˵ˣ˷׷¶ֵı飬һӣնС㻹Ҫ˼Ұæһֱӽɻˣɻ⺢ӵĸƵģһ汻ʸ֪ˣǻ˵ãɻְǿҪʧȥˣ
δҶ룬ͻȻתȥûõնС㣬ֳˣͬʱһʱôҸΪ𾪵ǣôôһ
˭֣㣬ˣŸʲô찡һֱӤһָһ͵Ļŭ
ǳɻſģʴȻָ
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˶ͻһ뷨ʲô°һ̥˫ңɻͻ˷ܵķԱȻһ
͸оˣԪ˧ʱΪ̥߰ˣû뵽ֻ£ԽһﰡԽ˷ܵĴЦ
Ԫ˧ȻŮӰҲ׷׸̾
Ҷ־ϲĽȴ޼ʣΪǶ֪Ԫ˧ŮӵˣҲֻлʸˣʵҶݺ͵λ⣬ΪŮеڶȢҳ鰡˶ʸ̵ģر֪Щïͻ͸ұ֤ԼŮӣлᣬҲǵͷߡ
Ȼӵ֮ݣԵ֮գʱҲǹƽģЩͰ࣬Ȼϵȴ²óȴ£ƢرǾź򣬾Ǽҷź򣬵ӲЩмܵˣ
ҲɻһЩ֪ݴţʸΪһС檣ǧþı˺ü³ɣɴ˿ɼȢһͱˣڻĸӷ࣬ǻ˼Ԫ˧⣬ʱǻʵ۱µ¡ͻģԪ˧ʱܲܳɻһ˵֮أ
ܲ˵Ůˣ̰òΨһİ취ΣЩŮΰһԻܾܿҪ
ԣԪ˧Ůӣãã
һǺǣҪûʸ֪ˣҪϲ˰ɣԽЦһ䡣
ֹϲˣ˳ɶҪϲɵˣɻĽ쳣˵
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ȳģǸˡɻһۻŮӤЦ۾
Ҳ֪Ӻٷ˸ûУЦŵ
ػʸ֪һӾһԶŮɣ֣ȻŮõˡԽЦ
ţûϱеʱҲŮ֣žҿûʸ⸣ŮľòϿǺǡɻЦ
ɻ⻰һﰡ԰ڣ԰ڣȻһϾǶӰһЩֻһŮĽʿƲѰ
ߺСһЦأֱ˶ӰպǵĴ˰ŻĶСЦ
ɻԣϸĴԼĴӣЦһ˵ҵǸоһԪ˧һСӣٺ٣ɰ
ԣҲ׷Χָָ㣬۲ݣɾǿʼʸԪ˧ʱͻȻԷﴫһ䣺Ҳˡ
һʼûᣬͻȻԽһ֣һ䣺ȵȣ𳳡
ôˣ
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Խɴ۾Ŀֵղ˭˵
Ԫ˧նССѾҲȥˮˡŶˣǽŵȥģӦòˡï죬ͻȻ˵һһĻ
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ҲԣǣԪ˧ˣɻЦ
Ҳ˵Ԫ˧ͷѰŮӿɱȣĳֿءԽЦ
Ÿո˵֮ʱͻȻԷٴδһӤ䣡
Բۣ
ͯĺʱɴ۾ֱѧŻʸһֿڡ
ɶһɻĽĲͷײǽˡ
⡭⻹У
ԽȻ֮ǰ˵ĳֿܣĳֿҲǿЦأϾݻһϲڵնС㰡һصشͨźǿЦء
ȻһӤ䣬֤Цˣ
찡ѹǰʱ䣬Цĺϲ£죬ʱһզˣȴ˵ҿҪˣ˵ܲ𡭡ʱҾ֣ʲôϧûþ͸ˣҲѴ¸ˣû뵽٣û뵽ǶӸƭˣʮа˾ϵٷ˶ˣҡͷԵЦ
ʸ̫ˣܵڣ㾪ˣɻЦõ
죬ùҵù
ͻȻܳɻͻһֱһӤϲ̵ܻ˷
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˼ұϾ˰ͥԺһˣȻնСһʶˡ
Уһñֱӷŵ˴ϣһӤƽһ˷ܵĽео׳۰㡣
粴˿ͷ󺹣ʪҲǰδеŮܰȻĳ¶Цݡ
ϲˣϲˣһ̥ͷһأط๫˻ˡĸ粴Цеϲ˵š
𣬺Ǻǡ
粼һЦݣЦš
๫⡭ǣöð
粲ͻȻ뷨ǴڴϿʼǰδе˼ΣȻҲ֪๫ܳߣû˼һҪӹǣҲЩܲסüζЩԡ
ͬռĵģȻˣ
뵽ӣ˿弫Ϊ粻Ŭ֧壬ֱߴϵӣһЦǺǣˣ˭ϴ󣿡
ԣ֮ǰһϲı飬˲佩Ӳ


733 
㡭ңҲǹġ
һģһСޣ֪ԼˣղűкŮǷߣұߣм䣿
Խ룬Խǵİ죬㡭ǸǸһϴ϶ɣ
Ҫøըˣ˼򵥵뽻ˣŪ粿ӣ֪ӦҪôˣҲ֪˭ģ϶УƺЩԲˡ
ҡͷЦ߹һЦϴ󡣡
ôϳģﾪȵʵ
Ȼͷһν̥˫̥ȴ°ٻˣȻܿóˡ
˵ţƿ˻ӤĹЦɣкϴˣǸұ΢΢̵ģǽ㣬ԱǸ۽кģһܵܡ
Ҳкϸһӣֵȷұ۽һź롣
к𡣡ûƺòŪ˶ء
ǲãֻǽ˵Ů׵СްҽҲʮϲŮܿˡ
˵˵ҲţҲжƤҿɲϣҵĺӺһءȻٻؼңҲûˣӷĹļҲ֪ܵѾͷжƤˡ
ɶ㣬أ㲻Ǻͽ𣿡Ȼ˷ʵ
ףŮСĽ誡粵Ц
һҪС𣿡

粱õĻ˵һ㶣Ƭ̣û˵û¡
Ŷ


ݳڣüͷ»㱨һŵȻڵᷱ·ҺݳǵӲǲɱˡ
ᷱ·ûʲôֻһ·ȻغҪ򶫺һҪ棬ļлǺð
ЩˣǰӦûʸҲ˾㺣ݳʧأҲл߳ǣֱ᷷򣬱ƽûսֻΧϴݲ࣬ݳս±һ죬Σһ죬òʱգȫ
Ҫ͵͵ǣڶȵоغȫ˵
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Ŵ˵ļǣçײˡ
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Ĭþã̾һֻǵͷ˵
˿̣붫ʮغߣΡȻǰǷϵĽ죬üͷ΢΢һΪβң
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Ϊ߽ǲűҪ¶ȸ߽ǻָ۳Ѹ߽ˣΡȻĮ
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һۣһı顣
ΡȻֿһۣĮʲôⶫҪڽ߽ΣҲ뵣ģű㵱˾͵𣬷֮Ǵٹʧܶ飬պݵĸ𣿡
ΡȻЩ˵Ĳ֣ˮԴ뽨ǿˮ¾ңȻɶҡˮĵλȻȴΪһ˱ǻ٣±СȺ˲Ұܣǻȥ
ˣȥ׼ɣֻҪЭҹ¶ұؽĪô
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⻹򵥣ţѳǸүˣͷν֣˭ɱ˭ҲõĻ᲻йٱУҲٰˣ
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뿪⣬Уͷܼˮʿޱ̨̤ס
ϣˮ񣬰ϣֱ᷷Ǻ·Ӧô죿θ˵꣬һ䡣
λʿͷӶ˽˽˵ǣı¶֣̿˭Ҳ֪ӦǺá
̾˿ϲɫֵ£·һҲ·һ·һ
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ſڣνͷȻֱ㵽һҲҪԷӻغݳǲˣôǵ·ֻбϣ

һȻǡϡ֣нʿ廩Ȼ
ڶҲһˣⱱǸʲô
˵ǳ߲ͳפسǣҲΪҪȫɹµĺ·غˮ·طɹռݣ˵ߺ·ϵãˮ·ǲһͷֱײɹ˵Ļ
ʸҪȥɣǰǰǣȻǰȫġû˵̰Ϊڵľ͸һζظá
˭뵽᷾Ȼֱض϶ˮĺ·öҲճھȵľˣ


734 
ȥȻϰսô죿͸о𣿡ҡͷһЦ
뵽ս룬ԼѪ͸ˣûϰȻشغȴ˷ߣҪ²ĻҲҪȶķ߲ãϣͬһ
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ǿڵģҲܿͬΪʲôʸҪɽˣ
ػΪʲôɹռһ˴ռǹɽɹҪߺߣɾͶԲˣֻҪڰ߰úڣ٣١
תһ룬иоԾǾ㹥ɽɹܲɱ
ںϣڵǾǿģ½ϾЧΣȻûʶҲףЧ϶ûкսãʮʮţҪסɽ̸ס
񾰿뷨εֻһЦûҪɽǰһ·ɹ½ˮӪظˣ󹦸ˣ

Զˡ
̫ĶˣˮӪضǾ밶߲Զģ˵Ҳɭܵеù𣿿һɹţ˵ڣҲûʶ⼸ȥȫӪ˶Ҫܹ˰ɣ˳õ㶫һѻȥǺǡ
ǴλҪһطҪûݣǿԲ㣬˾ڴϢЩӣǲѵЩ𣡡
ʸ˵ļǣߣݳô죿ü
㻹ף֮ǰҪɹţУûкݳǵĲҲûأԺݳǲܶɹ²ˣݳʱΣ
˻ʸĻ󣬲ףԼղԭתȦˣݵɹŴ߲ţ񴣬ȫǣ£ʱǺѹˣʴߺ·һͻƿڣϧߺ·սȫԼˣô֪ɹжˣɵ⹥ݳǵ֪ᷣӦô죿Ҫ֪ղŻʸúţ͵Ϯγǰ
᷵ĲǴߺ·͵γǣߺ·ֱ͵Ӫһγʧأᷴ˺ݳǣҲҪͷȥȥʱԼɱûضֻǾ֮͡
ͨһ㣬ڲԣλʼͽʿǵһƻȻûȫ˵ֻ꣬˵һЩģɵĻýʿǸоֻҪˣǾͻлʧأ
Σ򲻿ӣεУ˵ߣѹ˾Ӫݺͱ֮ǰǺ֣µսҲˣһǴȻӴ󣬵ÿҴϵƽȴٵÿҴ󲿷ǿܹս
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ΡȻҡͷѵ֪۳ʸξⶫϣ˹ƶˣսթ̰󵨷࣬ɫԣ޳ܣ硭

С⣬ޱȵĺհ룬۳ʸĪǺͳѪ𣿷ڮ˼ô˵ʸƺͦõģΪǺվǵˣҲڮٰɣЩˣǱ绹ˣ
ΡȻƺҲ֪ʧ̬ˣû취ʧ̬ӰõһУʮа˾Ŷ˴УԼ½ιҲڴΡȻβޣ
㶫ˣҵҲܵģܿļıǵ϶Ӷ跨ҵȡ
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ΡȻ⻰Сһ˵ˮ
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Ҫ֪ԴӸ߷ץһǵСĩоӦòҵǰ
ΡȻγ֪һңԳǿˮʦֻһ߷ûˣΪһɢɳ̸ǿ
Ҳֲ˼ңûڵܣȻ侳Ŀ־壬ΡȻСõ
ʮڸչһ죬ȻݳǵİѹûϾ˼᷾Ҫˣ˭հʴˣҶĵĶڼʿƴһðͷʤΣСĵɡ
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ǣո꣬һС嵽ǰϥ¹ȭԽ˿Ŵݳǣ
ʲô򣡡
Ǵһǰ첻ǻ˵һʱôҪֱӿأĪǶսб䣿
սµȷˣ䵽û򣬾ֱˣ
ΡȻôҲû뵽ⶫؾȻȫϢˣȥˣảݳפˣǡ
ؾȥ˺ݳǣôսأһѻյҶʣɣǵıڶͺݳ֮䣬۳ˮҪϰҪǵͬ⣬ԣΡȻ²⵽ѾĿ϶ȥԶĵط
ȥգ⻹ûʲôò˶óΡȻɱȥȥ˸Զĵطǿɾˣ
˲֪ΡȻǺɹɹһҪһ滹зֹɱʱȥܲסѹܿҪѡ˱
ϾɹȻ·Ҳƽأݣɽͼ࣬ɹͷһϤΣѴÿ棬ҲΪʲôǳٳûйԭ
ˮ·ͲͬˣһͻƿڣɶɹųͷȻ뷽跨ļһΣǳ̣ǿ⣬Ҫѵˮʦһ¶֮ϯݡ
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Ȼ֪ԷΪʲô϶ڶòҲ·ֻбһˣ
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ڲͻƺЩطһ죬ˮͿʼˣʺѵˮˮ͵ʱ䡣
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һͳΪǵĵ̣غһ·еطҲξںңҲŲ˶ˡ
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һ죬̽᷶ԵĹݳǣȴһһɳǰʿ˼ҳǽûͱǹˡ
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Ŷ죬̾ɱȥ
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Сˣݺһȭͷ˷쳣ĴЦ
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ȻˣҲܵģԤͶˮԴ͵ڵصнʿҪʱע⡣
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ŵȻ˵Ҳǰһ˼˭֪ڱٰΧ£ʸǷߣȥʲôطûգЩǶö֪
ʱλڳغһһʮսĴӣ
ʸǰӦþɽˣǰǴˮߣ䵽ɹѾǻȻһ°񾰷Զָİ̲
ǺǣνൺεЦ
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εĻҲýͣϾⶫӦþͽͲطžǻĵɽûʲô˾סɹŵˮӪͽڴ˵أҲ⣬Ը˼̽ӹȥ鿴󣬱ĬĬȺ


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鲻ǽСѾظ֤ҪæǶԸ۳ˮˣѵҲҪ
˰̺ĻЦһԸ۳ˮǺٵǺ⸽ĺҷʤӥͷӣǻָ˭
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ʤӥӶǺѼӣԶǺѼӣʴˣ̺Ҫæѵˮʦʱûͬ⣬һƽΪæĳͣһ̺Ȼͬ⣬ˮʦѵٶҲȻ
ʤӥΪ֪ɹűһƽҪ
ⲻһ磬˼Ҿȥˡ
ʤӥӦòİ̺ƭȥΪвǺܲǵģҷʤӥӲΪ˽ǮһУȻҲΪɹŻҪɱɹûκΰ
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̺һڣÿ£ʤӥûƺ⣬һЦȻ֪ˣ֪̺ΪѯЩĪǴ㻻һ飿
ʤӥȻǰ뿪Цȴû˿Ц⡣
Ⱒ̺ʲô˼ѯûĺĪ뻻飬һ߿ʶˣǴʤӥҲܸ߶ԷˣֻҪԼСĽȡӴĻᣬЩɹҲֻܴӦһҪ
ڵɹţԷ᲻ֱӷˣʤӥ壬ϾˣҲûͷˣѹһЩƱԼò꣬ҲԲԼԺ͵͵ҳ
㲻֪ǰǵˮӪر˹ˣһϴһգ̺üͷ˵뷢ûãʤӥʲô˰һǿĺ֮һϢԼҪͨô֪ܲɽǱˮӪر͵Ϯϴٵأѵ
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˿̷ʤӥһʲôӵˮӪؾȻϴˣ˭ɵģľȻ⣬ǰɣ
ð̺֪ϼһڵ˼ֱһˣ
ʤӥ۲Ǹطܾˣһֱû֣ҲֻɹһʣǸԼƽɹѵˮʦ֪ɹżˮӪظϴһգɣƾԾ˭ҵõ
⻰˵˭˴󵨣ϴӵˮӪ
ʮŵܣɣӦöǣˮӪؾ͵ͷث֣ԼɹźûԼûƢˣӦòҼԼԣһѵǺ
ţһﲻǱ۳ˮץ𣿶˵齵۳Ǻ棬Ҳ֤۳۳ҪԷĿǿˮϴ٣
ʤӥǺ벻ͨ⾿˭ɳģ֪룬ǰ̺Ӳˡ
ڰ̺ǰʤӥˣͷʤӥôã̺̰ļһϴԼľӪǻ˭ϾƬ˶֪ԼͷʤӥԷ͵ںɹŶԿͬԸɹţ͵ںͷʤӥϣƬҪҳһͷʤӥԿļһѰ


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ʤӥɵƣԹɫһ۱㿴˰̺ɣ̺ͷ˵ûܿҰҪԼƴˡ
ɺʲôˣôܻỳأ˵ǰɰ̺߹İ̺ļЦ
̺ɨһ۰һͷȻɺǴɹŵĹҲҰ̺ĺѣôỳء

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ʤӥصԼסʱһĸʵô£ɽǱߵɹˮӪرϴˣ˴飬ô֪ң
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ʤӥüͷһ壬ȷ˵Ū룬ʱ㱨Ƕͨ룬ɹˮӪرϴͨƽСӲͦģôȴȴ˺Ϳأ
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Ȼˣǰ۳ˮǺ͸߷ս𣡡
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λڶ溣һʮĺϣʮս۰㣬ķֲںϡ
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ĬĬͷγ֪·ҪԣҪⶫ֮ΣѰ취ѾûˣҪУǾУɹŲҪӺ·ͨȱôãǾʹӺ·ɹŶŸɣ˭ù˭
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ԤϣͻȻķԸһ䡣
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˵ʸһ뿪˶ֻȥδ˵֪
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ģɵĻܽ˲粱ϲɫʵһŷƱסЩˡ
ҪǿˣΪʲô
һ̾ΪԼγˣ
κ粣˶ϲǿǻвͬĵطȲѣֻѰŮӣӦǱܰСӰɡ
粣;ǿŮӲУѧģһԣܴ̣ΪβУСʱͲүүףŸȥУ͵͵ܽүү͸׵鷿͵С˾ǿƢǿԣǼҳ㷹
жٱ粺Ȼʵ
ųؾͯĺźнǾнʿԥǧǧǧ壬ڼһЩֶĸرǸĺԮǧܹˣ
Ѿˣܺã׼ټһ£ɴǸı뻴ı۵ҲӦнᷣԥءغӵɢҲҪټ֮ƣȡ»
⡭ɻһ㶣ƺԪ˧ѵȻ᷼ڻıȫˣϾЩǮҲ˺ϵפأıˣðȻһɱǹ¡
ҡδɻ˵꣬粱ҡҡͷĮ᷻ͷȻΧҾֻҪʱ뻴᷾Ҳ֮װ˷ʱ䣬Ǹʱò¶޷ɹֹɹܺǽ֣ᷲУؼѾǴЭ飬ձʱؽǸܵУҲʧݣһ꿤˶Ľʿ
Ԫ˧ͷͷǵɻƿԣʵǮźΪǵγǣͣȥʱҲ·ضǵһҲ֮ӣҾˮʦںͳ𽩳֣޷ˮ·Ҫô򣿡
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򣬶ֶܼãһδ֪֪Ӧò˶ãݳǾͻΣˣϾ᷵ıɱȺؾ屶ȻֱˣҲϵģ㺣ݳлǹӵİһӵĿգݳǱɣ
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㣬ղ̽󡢶ȵصפͻȻжȥҲ֪ҪʲôһͿ˵
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п˼ʱͻȻͥԺ⣬һӰҴҵ˽ڿżʱһСĸһӡ
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ԽˤһʺһӻңѱѪˣȻҲᣬǹһЦ
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ţҸҽءһ
Խԣɷ˷ۣҲնС㣬Ǽ粵԰ĵо𣬱⣬ϲݣƫƫУǺǣѵǶû³ⶫ߷ʲô𣿡
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ŶγǾʲô£
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Īǣ๫ͻȻЩϲ
ιģҲ޿ܣ֮ǰ˵оռ𣬶ȥ֪٣ôܿܽãã󺣣Ƶγǣ᷺·粸опܣҲ๫ʴϲ
ԽȴЦһ⡭Ͳö֪ˡ
δףԽּȷǺͻʸйأǰò˵ʸշ˻ƺĺ⹥γǵˣ

üͷһ壬Щʧ䣬ȻϢǺϢƺû๫ϢԽҲ˵ˡ
ƺԪ˧ĹǣԽ̾һҲ²⣬ҲǻʸΪ֮ʸ֮Բ·棬ǰѺƳӦǿݣ֪᷵٣˳ȫʸΧܣʻǹڵ취
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Ȼ֪ǲ๫νʧ᷶ʧγǣȻŭڻǮҲҪٶΣ»
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̧۴һãȻһЦĴȥ



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ţһ師һھķ²Ťͷų½½Ķ飬üͷһ塣
ô죿ʸ˵˻ôڶûְȥֵĿֵסˣһǵ
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ү֪ЩҾ͹ԣ׾γǣҲСӵģΪ˴ȴ֪ү¸߳ǳԶˡ
ţ˵ŵ԰һЦ̶ֵȺǧɱȥò˶ãо¾ҪϵˣʱԮûǾͳˡ
ҪҪȰĺöȫߣ
㲻Ƿϻ𡣡ţһ۶ЦһֵȻǺΪΪľˣЩöֻ᷼ҵʱкյʱ䣬ҪһĲʣȫŪߣ𣡡
ٺ٣ףףҡͷԵ˵꣬кֵܣ׼γǵʮֿأףʵȵȣȫϴ
飬ᳵ·òʱʮֿѾȫˣҪҪϴһЩ̣뻹ˣЩȻǮж٣ֻҪǰʸᷣҪʲôʲôЩСǮȻͷ۳ͳһˣԼҲһˣ
ˣҪǰǺţǶǰĹûʲôǰ;ȻҲΪֵһǷ£ӵ˺⣬˺Щϴˢˣòڵĺ£һҡһ䣬Ϊ͢٣Ƕ붼롣
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ǣУξˣСٺһЦֳƺһ䣬˵Ѿϴ֪Ҫɶ˿أߣϾⶫвٰһ֣ҲͲصĴֻأ̫ˣ
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ţ֣ΪԲǿ֮Ȼû飬Ҳû˾Ĵ̣Щ鼫ĺɱʱҪˮûһЩֶΣҲܻգΪ˻ƺһǿͷӡ
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λɲɵǰѾԷˣ֮ǰΪ⺣һγǵķߣڿ˰
Ⱥܳ䲻⣬ɱ֪γǧؾ֮дǧ˵ıȴûʧˣȻһ;þɳѵأǺˣ


740 ǵ
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γʧطͬСɣܾأöԲˣǮһԣһ˫
Һγ뾡γǣոյϢкü·оǴҪˣʱҲܷȥγǵĺֻܿǰһôˡǮȻʱ򲻿çײԥءءźȵأѾкü㼯ˣҪʾ뿪Ȼ۳֣֮ʱڶȫݳǵԽݣ·
ǮǷޱȣ᷺γˣˣΪֻҪһ죬˵ĺݳǣ˰Ľʧǧ˽ʿȴûܹ
ţͻȻ⣬߽һˣһϲʵôڲΣץסΣ
ΡȻԣͷһ̾˵Ҿδ˸ˡ
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һŭս֮ϣǧ򻯣ս֮ǰѲ⣬ʧˮӪأԼĵģǺθɣƾʲôʧ۵ͷϡ
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֮ǰɹŴӦĻǹҪõλÿջƮ̰ˡ
ڳ⵵£ɹȻҪƵͷϣǻǹҲԲ֮ǰӦǸĿˣ
ڣ˴æĪǸˣ᷿θˣץסһйһϢȻþ취׳ǹڵ룬߶취ɹš
ֻǹò׵õ˼ѣһʱ䣬΢ⶫɳãˣǾ׼̺ԶĺãʤްϧʱǹĵطԥݣҾǹûãʾˣ֮ͿʼңЩǹȻ۳Ҳϣ߻¯ˣôԼѹûõһѡ
Ǽ˼ģҲΪⶫʱ޷ºݳǡ
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ԲɹץסΣڱصãʲô취һҪץסѾˣֻҪץסΣˣȫݣһʻǹ취ò˶ãκˡ
ͬ˼ڱΫݳУһۡɹŴ󽫾գüչ»㱨
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󽫾˵ļǣ̶Ѿ˸뽮õ촬սȻûк˵ɣս˿Ǻβڸѵˮأ
üͷһ壬˵ǰã̫ɹ볯Ϊ٣ɸɺɺҲȥ̳дͳͳһҪΪɹš
ǷЩţ˭ܱ֤ɹŰλλ󣬷ҧһڣҪ̶֪ʱǺʱãֱڣڸϲв̲ļһƴֿء
Ҫڸ촬ѵˮҪӴĲͶȥۺǮô죿̶͸Ҳѱ°ϾպһŻΪǿѹͷߣ
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ǷʤӥˣһҪңձҳһʤӥ㣬ʵĺˡ
ѣԸЩݵļһ
ղŸո棬ͻȻһ¼Ҵҵ˽ʩһ񣬱㽫һŹĵݸա
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ôܣô
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ѾݣֻǴٹأУʱһǹأ֪ȷλãȻڻƺôǾ;ɶʧˣ
󽫾˵ļǣΪϰ˴˵Ļǹǣ˭֪ǾȻŪһڣǰյɺżʱ»þòţүȻƳŹأү϶оҪܣڵо֮ǰǲǧڹɳУЩһҲмƣҲڣÿܣֱӿȴ֪ΣվǱǽŸǰ
¾Ͳ˵ˣȻүͳΪһ͵о൱ԷҲСӣүƳŹأ¶ʱǴ򲻽ȥˣͻƿڣܾܿҪˣ
˵꣬Ըٴ֪̺ͰҪסʤӥǰ۳ʸסмǲɸ֪ʤӥҪץ˭
ߣٴα˸ϣһͬȴ˲ͬĵ粣ʱѾսףȴΪЭıһӤݵĴ̤߳լԺָһӣϲ̵ĸϽ
ϽȻҪ󣬲᲻뿪Ӵ粽Ȼźо̲Ǻܺã˻ͯĺǽ򻹲ǴСսɳѪ飬ɱ¾;Ǻε磬εѣ˵ﶼˡ
ңһϱ󲿷ֻͯĺ£үǶʱյĴ£ǸǴӵĺְƺˣ޿ɶҪι̵İ


741 յȥˣ
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ռҲۣıȥγˣʯΪ󷽣бҲƾ˳ط£Ŀǰĵǣǵĺô죿źѯʵ
󷽣ȻǱ棬Ի걱вģֻлȻɻѾȥټء顢ءԥ͹źȵصı׼ȫǮǵĺ·ô죿
˭֪ź˼ǰǮ岻꣬ΪûʲôôϾ֪ʸɵѵʸ·Ԫ˧ΪУͯĺһ·͵ˣνסСԺһжıȽϱܣ˼Ҳ֪и۳Ԫ˧
ҪͳôȻҪݣ˼֪۳Ԫ˧С̶͵͵ģ˹˼ݣ˵ʲôԼҲ
ȻҪͳȻҪѸ£ĳЩһ֪ڱ͵͵ĵȥŪ˰죬˼Һò׷ǺʱѾˣǳ˴׷Ī
콫õģ佫ⷬȥҪ˳ס󷽣ˮ·콫õˣˣҴӻǳʲô뿪ģԽЦ
źԿЦһʡ
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ͯĺüͷ˵ûʲôʺݹ꿤ݵĵ紦±ر֮أǣͳ뿪ݣɴ˵ȻһǴ˸ʣǱȻҪ
ͯĺݴ˺ü꣬ʮݵرǾ²ûдĶôĹǱ㲻ɺӡ
ͬݴ˺üԽȻҲףȴЦЦ̽ӻ㱨˵ռγǵĺѾǺǣѰǲðȻˣֲγǣô⺣ǵıȻҪˣ
ǽô죿Ҷ֪ǿӵ䲻֪˶ٸ󣬵һһͯĺֵ
ԽԵȻһЦصǺǣͯǰ᷽Ĵб˰ɣҲ˵᷺ͳͳʮݱ߾ؾ˵ʮ֮ˣƾӴټݶԣҲЩԲѾʼԥ¿®꿤ݺԮȻҪȸȥֿΣǺԮʮ赣ǣ
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ҲҪĲУ˵̧꣬ͷλ죬ȻһЦγûˣȻȱһ֣ܳ׶˵оλڴ˺ԣҲǵоҪ֮һϮˣɶ˺ӣоûò˶ñؽɾ
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⻰Խͯĺֹͬһ䣺ŻʸǿӮúɰþ͸Ƶġ
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ǵѣôסˣ˳ǽͰҲʵҷΧ󣬾ڳκģǮҪٵ֪ˡ
ҲǶ˰˲ܴ룬Ŀǰֹս°ɡ
һʱϣ粰˺󣬴ŷ׷׸ˡ
ʲôԪ˧뿪ꣿԽ뿪ǰ䲻һ䡣
Խ޿κΰΪʸǰԸΣҪԪ˧ѹסҪӲʱ󣬱Ҷ֪һԪ˧Ļïͻ
һ˵ʲôԼˣἰ£ΪõնС㣬Ͻȥ̾㲻ˣ㻹Ҫʲô
ͯĺ˵ԼǴ˿ڱ˵ź˵ǵĹϵǶ˵˵ƨǱֱӽԽ
һҡͷһЦӹǺѰŮӿɲһްġ
Ȼ˵ʵҲ֪˿̵ӹǴǰúõܿԺ²ɲˣʵǹ˼๫֪Ҳֻܰһڳ
һؾû뵽߸ոյǲһǧǰȥγǣĵо͹ˣҴսŲһǧоңؽòУǿˣǵоΪ˰˳ɵıȥγǣ
ˣһǧ빥ǧ񣬲ǳ˵ʲô
ؽЦһŽʿ׼·һǧسǣһǧƵڳȵо֮ʱͻȻɱɱǴֲ
ɰ󣬵սʻ̲ʱͻȻһߣ棬µ׵쳣ӵխѰ̲ǿ㣬ˮҲûʱͣսͻȻһ֮êסţӶ԰ͻȻӿսʹϵıһɱؽ֮ʱҪлسıˣ
һսһʱͳ˧ǧȫʤա


742 Ǵ
ϿУͯ濴飬ɴЦһԸԪ˧Ϯȫʤҵǧ·棬ֱפأȥ֪׽ء
Ǵϲƺ뵽ʲôЩǵʵҾͲֵܼڣҲǿǺǽߺɳǧȫΣѣ
뵣ģʧأǸȻҪ뷽跨ȻҲҪıңԥݽʿ꣬½Ҳݻˣ׼ʾǰԮòһ£ܵﻴϣıֵоŰҪأزסһ£ôҾлкԹأͯǵȻЦ
ͯǰҲ粵ĸ֮ã֮ǰΪѾĥгɣҲΪ·ȷ潫죬ͳ˺ͳˡ
Ҫ֪Ϊ󽫾ֶȻСӣͯո꣬ڳֻǳé®֮ûϣɼ֣оȷЩ£ⲻ°ֻҪµĺĿǰܳܵģ̫أǸ˾ݺһδûᣬڸ֮ܵ£ҪȣԽһ֧ǹ֮ǰʧֵ̫ͯڣҲ˳Ҫȵ˼ʴŸɱǰȥԮԪ˧
ȻԪ˧ɱһȫȥҲܾܾ˭˼Ԫ˧أ۳±Կɺܾͬ۾棬Ҫİ
ؾ񣬿ңǾģľȱһλǶı¹ͳ˧Ͼͳ˧ʿû˲Ҫ̵ĻȻһλʤܶõ㣬ʿǸӱиӱռӺǿٶ꣬ıǰյӵΣģȻǱѰˡ
ֽͳ˧ǧһСģҲ˵δһ·ģеҲΣͯĺγǴģʣСֱźٱģһػ꣬һ֣Ѿǲԥϼҡ
Ȼֵ£ľֻңΪȷ棬ԸǴ´ˣһʱսս¿ҲȷˣȻҲǿ粺ԽļıˣһԵͷǰ壬پҲ
˲ˣٽĽǲһʲô۳Ԫ˧ɱˣؽն̲֮ϣʱŵƨδ˼ҵȳӭˡ
ɰ粿һ㶣²ǷǵоıʱԽѾ϶Ͷˣ
Ԫ˧Ȼǰկʮڹ֮ЩǷѣһԽԶʸ˼һʸϲһ·Ǯ֮߳Ͷһ翹һСӶ׾ٵ֮
ʸıԣñŻģҲõнıģðҪսģԽ˵ģʵԽҲɵðȻһȥ˵ɣҪԴ𣬹ʴȱҪöԲߣЩ룬ʮа˾Ŷǿʸˣ˭Ӷء
սԣԽʸǲˣһսԵˣû˿ͷȥͳʮֱʦǣơȵȣЩѹͲᣬȻҲпÿǣĿǰҲԶԪ˧
ԷޣȫͬƢûһ֮ͬһ𣬾Ȼ֮ϣĽԽգ˼ֽսء
ڽչȡĵ̣Խνᳵ·رֿоԣδ䲻˵žٰɱҡ
׵ãʯʣҾʯƣҲɲͯ潫ıûҾּ˴ˣٶ࣬޽ͳ˧Ҳã콫ͳ٣ػ֮ã˵󣬱㿴ź
źȭԪ˧ģ˵£Ҳû⣬ĩҲЩĲ˵ǧ˰˾⡣
ܺãУ֮࣬Ҳв٣콫Сİһ䡣
Ԫ˧Ҳɷģ¹ѾȥǱصģʱųͷ²һѺԽ˵
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ǹ˽·оǲϾû֪һṥĿǰʯǺпܵģϾͬһʮ׹ˣʴˣؾʼȥػʯ£ʯܣҪŪһεĶʯҹطôǲȥıԺʯؾһͬѽ
ֻýؾû뵽ǵݶû׼ãյϢ۳Ԫ˧ʾ뿪˴ȥˡ
һ¿ɰѲ˸ˣ˴뿪ģ˵ṥʯˣôȥģ
˴ܴĵطɶˣиʡͰˣϿֱӹ뽭ɲţҹطϾ̽ӻ粴ǧѣôܹҪء
ɼˣҲƵĲаԽΪ˹ʿͳϹ򶫺ˣ󽫾ҲڻϿݳµ֮٣Խڽ뽭ͺ겢ԶϢȥˣȻ춼ȫޣȥѯ֪͢Ϊ飬۲ء
ֱ粵սӸʺת˺ӣڿʱǲ˼ҵȡ򣬿֪δҲ̫˰ɣ˶˼Ҹˣ
˾䵽оˮ·һϣ޷˵ԽˣڲӦôذˡ
˵ؾͶأһоֻڰ˶Ƭ̣㳷أȴҪɴȥسҪ֮ˣȵоúεֵ𣿡
ҿӽǲһǧﹻǧذҲѣ˵ǵоֻǧҵı𡣡
ҲҪ˭оͳ˧˭ɣǿ۳ıԪ˧ȻһŮɾСӰǺ֮ܿճ
ǧҪȡʤȷѣǶǲһǧȥıҪ粲ѡ
˭ȥͳ죿
ֶ硭
ٻû˵꣬ܵ󳼵ļۡ
˵ǰ粵Ƕţëһ̴µĵѾ֮⣬Ͼںһս񣬵ͷϮأ󽫾Ѫ֮ս㼯һǧ׷ɱʮǳأɱսŮӡ
͢ǣоҲѱܴù粣ô󽫾ȥһս֮ϧػϣ뿪±ǲˣº󷽿飬һϳ£ڰʱһ£뿴ǳǸطıſʱͷ͵ϮǿҪ
˵Ӱǰû˿粣Ԫ˧ҲǵҪѹңΪ֮ȴ룬ͳһõйɵıԪ˧


743 ȥ
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᷸оһγ󣬴ͷβûһֵøˡ
߷ץݳؾǿγǵĶʧڴ˺ӱ˸ӲĽضˣ·߶ûˣô
ԼĪǴˣǱͲú۳ԣͶ
᷺ԼͶֻ·һȻˣβƴء
ûĵزԼֵ»ĻҲ㹻֧һµݣǻͷذ˺γǣǼݳǣһ·ɹǣ״ͨ·
ǰ˼룬һҧǲˣԼγ֮һҲǰ
Խݽڹʱȥĵоս֮ʱݽһС˵оʱѾԲ˰

Ϣֻоǰһڣһ򣬲˹ȥ
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ްҽȥݽϡŶͷ˵
Խݽ˿ˣֲܼͳ·ԽǾѡӵĽ찡һıѵ
ΡȻأͷҲ̧ʵ
˲Ѿûʮ£ǻزˡıٴѵ
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Уıȷ滹Уͳ˧Զˡҡͷ
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ȪĻƺУ̫ˣҲ˵оư
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᷿ŻıȥﻹǺ⣬ˣݳǻû󷽺·ˮˣҲ֪еǰһû취ѶҲûУͷһθо˹֮С
ΡȻ߾ͺˡᷲΡȻʱһˣͻȻ뿪ߣᷲоʧȥұۣͬʱһĨڣ֪һӦξ
֪˿̵ĳΡȻ֪ͬξˡ
ãã󺣣һ޼ʣΡȻЩ飬ͷһγһʼûʲôһ󣬳׿½ʱЩˣںƯ죬˵εսӰ洬û
·߾Բԣоغһ·ȥɡΡȻڵ
ڳΡȻߵһˮ죬ûгΡȻĿ־壬ȴҲһ˿ãȻ֪һ·ȥصĶֻҪԭתȦȦǰȻ½أֻǲ֪Ǹطݶأɶأֱӵ˸
ҹռ֮ʱȷ·ûȥӦǶǶͲö֪ˣǵоĻڶֱײҲһ
ײϣ
ǰ˵ΡȻеţãã󺣣治֪ײϾжˣ
ΡȻ֪˶Ҳһհ񣬶ĵسڣոտӱ޸һֱӴسǣҶ˵嵽ߣɿȴããϣСϵĺӰ
ɶһ̺ŭĽֱڵϡ
ߴˣߴˣôһҲûס̺ͷסһʿ½󣬶ǿˮ
ɹŽʿһĭӣҲҲãʧ̺Ҳû취ȻյϢ٣ܹǿ
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ʤӥƣȴҲǵ⣬Ͼɹˡ
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̺С϶°ʤӥ糾͵ĸȴûз糾͵ӣһЦŨŨ֪ʵ
ǧƽٶ̸̺ڷʤӥ÷ϻ
ǧǺǣȻ˵㣬Ҳ֪̺Ŀԣˣһξˣһʤӥ⻰̺̲סһѾĸˡ
ʤӥȻӦˣɵûǵȰ̺ʿһװƽĴ˵ǰʱϼһЦˣ
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İɽС϶ⱲҸ룬С϶ɲֱӶ·
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Ű̺ıӰʤӥЦһһ·Ը䣬Ĵս
ʤӥսȻûкţս׳ۣ˻ûģͬսһҴսҲͶʯ飬Ϊθ̱֮սԶ
ʤӥ̨ɽѾ˹ȥõʱ̴ʱ˰̺Ļƽ𣬲һ죬ʤӥ齨ʮҴСȵսָǶǧڣһŶԣֱǲŵ룬ƫƫˣȻҲһŴɹҪǮƣеĽ
ͷɹֶܲ˱ѹˣˣˣȴҲһСԸ˷ʤӥ·ɽ
ʤӥһͷһ㳲׳ս飬ѮʤӥҲһѪ緢
ϧϧǼӲ֪Ƶأһ׳־ģ⽭ɽӻҧһڵ˼ˣ
ʤӥ뵽ˣоЩȻʧ
Сǣһ̴ˣͷͽСһСǧܻʲӵ۳ʸ

Ǽˣϸߺӥүꡣ


ζڼװϣŲ񾰵Ļ㱨ޱĵͷô˵ɺĺˡ
ţţ˵Բһûаģһǧ׷ɱǣڣҲѱᱻһ֣̽ӻ㱨ʤӥãɹҲɳսȻǵսԺԲƣǿͬ쳣񾰵ǵ˵
üãȻʵݵɶ֪٣
˵ĩݿһŲ֪񾰲˼ҡͷ
ɶñȥˡ
Ҫ𣿡ʵ
ȥˮĿǰһӲ
˵ţͻȻݸһЦˣȥ𣿡

Ǵһҡͷɰǰɽվ׽õɹʹǵ֪˸ѾɹŸռ𡣡


744 Ͳ
ֻ˵ȫ޵ռ졣εЦ
ȻĩûȥҲ磬ȫ޵еڸɹҪȫ޵Ǿ֤ѾҪᴩˣǾǿսս𣿡ЩЦõ˵˵ڣȷʸĻǵֶΣЩͷԵˣ˽ʸôһͲأ
ΰ˲һ۵ȫ޵͵ռˣ˭ģ
ѵǣ񾰿ûй˼ɻʸ棬ֱͬɵһ
ѾԽ
ְ˲һۣŽ͵ҵ˼ǣɹŲûռֻǺ
˭Բš
ӦýˣҲ֪Ǹ̫ӣѾλϸˣ̫ӣǶԶ㲻ʲô

񾰲֪ʸĶҥԣզûأ
ǲİ񾰻ǲŵ
ţվץɹʹ֪Ҳ²ڽɹŵҪͳһϧȨȨ˭Ҳɹŵϣʵ˺ܳʱ䣬ǳһﶨȻ췴
ʸͻȻ䲻һ䡣
ţκĿŲ񾰡
ʸҹû˯ðɡ

һţ񾰣һ㣬ЦһʵѵҪȥ
Ҳһʤӥıж˵ɣ
Ҳ̫ԶҪ֪ȥ˸ԺҪҲ֪ʲôʱˣһ㲻۳ݵս뱻ɹһƳݣʱοҲزȥ˰
ȻеСԼŴˣ֪๫Ȼ˼Ҫһٺôˡ
ˣ˺ԣ粶գt˺Ӷ԰
ʱ԰ûʲôصľֻһƬһ޼ʵׯڵأȴѾո룬ʣµĲֻûոҲ֪ǰ췢սŵøӶũȫˡ
㣬ʲôأﱳһﻹһӣߵϽЦе
תûӹŮжŪ£ң԰˵˶ƬׯڵأӦþǰˡ
ǰԽ˵ΪаڣĵоŲùƵɱתϣͽıܳûºأսһ·ҲصΣˡЦе˵ƺЩľ֪ʶǵ⡣
ܴ˺󣬵оҪķˡȴҡҡͷ
ˣǻᷴˣﲻ
ţȻأȴٳٲɱƴһΣܷºݣźһ㣬ϧûˣ
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ûĿһۣЦһ˵⼸սأô֪´ݳ֮ʱʾԮ콭ʵ൱ҵǣݳмʸ֪ʧȥݳᷣϻΪ壬ǸðճĳΡȻϻΪѣ֪ˣ
ò˵粰ѵоúǰȻҲȥ˽ȷһ㶼ǵоΪ˧ʵѣȥ̽ԷĲı͸·졣
ͳ߾֮оһȫԺԵСʱ𵽾ԵãԵͻƿڣҲٽţֻҪ֮鶯֮ɱǱǹѡ񼫶࣬ЧȻҲһһֺãҪĿʲôˣ
粵Ŀʵܼ򵥣ϣ
Ҫʱ䣬Ҫԥݴĵʱ䣬ҲҪ¸Ԯʱ䣡
ĿǰһУǸΪѣ˲õľ֣
Ȼ֮ǰȷΪοܻγǣŻ𼱻ǵĸɵڣҲӸ·֪̽๫ȷǳˣȴˣ߲˿ӱ鱨֪๫ȻɹŵļˮӪظϴһˣֱߣԣӦǺ
ڣ粺սֵҪս䣬ȻҪĿ⣬Ŀ⼯ʱҲΪ֮ʱڣƺѾɹˣ
һȥĶʵ
˵ؾγǲԶǹ֮󣬱ҪγǵĵоҲȥˣӦڿǹγǣȹǣ
ǾȥγˣòǺףһ䡣
γǵĺͷҼɡ
ʵڹ°֮󣬱ȥ֪γǵĺͷӣȻﺣѾ˳۳ȴΪ๫Ĺϵ๫ڣ˭֪ǻ᲻췴粿ɲɵԸγأң۳Ԫ˧Ȼ๫аˣôȻ۳ȥµĵ
Ϊסγǣţ⼸˷ܵòУͬһ˷ܵģȻһֵˡ
ٺ٣Ԫ˧ټҪҪȥƨƨߵܵţߣСѯʵ
ȻҪˣĺûᣬȻ۳ĽˣֻƷѣγǣôҲҪƷɣţЦ
ٺ٣СģŶְҲӦһƫˣ
ȻֻҪᷣӣҶл࣬
ţٵ˷֮飬ӱһ·ϵ˰ˣһӪƼһ˴һҲ߹ƺҲҪӪΪ׵ľȻһڻ׵ŮݣʱѺţͶһ˵Ӷɳˡ
ߺιСǳúÿһˣ˺үզΣҪҪ˺ү׼ҡֱϣһ찡
ţǿҲϰߣȷϲĺǣЩװ۵ͬһ̲⣬ȻζʴˣŮһۣţ˵һ鰡
Ȼ⻰һڣܾ˲˺£ӪģŮߵλ죬һĿɿڴɵɵĿźţƺţϣ˵Ҷλ˵ⲻ֤˻ʸǾ仰Ͳ
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ţһɣͻȻһһҳˣֱҪס
췴
ţʱŭˣСλͬ£ҲҪγ嵶ҪһºѪԣɻûǳ֣ƺҪ꣬ŮһһҽСֱˡ
٣ģҪ췴
ţС뱻ɣ¿ŭˣһ󣬱㽫Ҽסʿˣ˫ȭҪɶСҲɣû뵽һղͬʱ֮£Ȼͺţƽ֣úţȻѣһ֣Ļأѵһ
뵽ˣţʹɱﵣһ磬ͻȻ䣬͸оԼĺӱָϸָݺһץͿһģͻȻ˾ͷԶԶ˦ǰһ
ޣޡ
ţŭʲôʱԼԹȴˣǼһǰô£ԼҲ޵ˣզͱ˸ӷأ˭ôĵӣүɱ˲գۣ˲¹ô
ţһʱɵˣΪ֮ǰڵĵطȻλˣ


745 
ţһ߹š
զզӵĺүţʵƺûȷԼզͱһŮ˸ӷأ
ЦЦЦݺ䡣
ȥɱʮޡ
˵ߣʣһ˶һɫҲΥˣʴ˼ΧźţӪȥ
ţɻ㶵Ŀżһ˫ְסڼԵ𣬿һ佫ŵƤ߹ݺһ޸˺ţһʹ죬ţŻعզ°զ˵ʹ
ԲۣǷˣ֪ү˭ôţɤӽе
֪ղŵĺ˭Ƥ޵佫Ц
ҹ˭ү۳򺣽ţǸҶңҶҪǲúţݺݵ˵룬ĪǽľӪɣȻȵˣ˵ȷ۳ռˣ֮ǰһֱȥأһѰ·
򺣽ôĹٰ
ͯĺһЦҪ˵ٽףڱţҪһƷȻ򺣽Ҳ֣һоǺţְֻûʵȨһֳƺһ򺣴󽫾ˣʿȫһˣǰ߲ƷС߿ĶƷԱ۳Ŀǰû򺣴󽫾ʴΪţоԼĳνţβŴͷ򺣽
ӱϣǲָ˭˭ٵģȨأ˸𼸸ˣ۳ƺûиΥģҲ˭ͷ˭͢Ҳû˭ȥԣȻҲǿͷûʵ;Ūݰ¾ǵ۳ŮϵҲҪˡ
ҪĻǣţĴͷ⣬˵Ѿϱֱ͢Ҳû´峯ͬͬ͢⣬ܻܿ˵֮£ͯĺʮа˾ų͢ҪͬģϾʱ򻹸Υ棬ţֱͶǿɾˣ
ţͯĺһĵӣƺ˲Ծüʵզ㿴ү
㿴ˣͯĺҡͷЦ
ɶˣүʲôʱ򿴲ˣţһɻ
˵ģȷˣûȻǸʸ⣡
һͿĺţͯĺ֪һ治أװͿЦһ˵㾹ҵ衭Ϸƺ˵㣬ˣǶԪ˧˵˻Ԫ˧ûаٴѾһˣͿллأҲҪллԪ˧ɣ
ͯĺ˵꣬žž³ĺţһ찡
ȻƤ֮ʹúţʮŭͯĺĻҲ˲ףղŵĺ˭ˣ
ߺҵι˵Ԫ˧ɽӣܾٶɱδգۣ˵ѪĵһôôƯĲ񻰰
Ԫ˧˽⣬ţֻǽڴ˵ӡУԪ˧Ȼţô϶֣ɱ˲գۣѪȻһˣԪ˧϶Ǳ˸ˣȻˣƯ𣿲㲻ˣڴеǣ˫ЩСˣ⺷д꣬Ĵģסģ
ɽһߺιҪ˺үѹǻС秵ģεģȻȢˣ
ţ֪СĴţ۳Ԫ˧ʱ𾪵ԸӰСС壬⴫б˻˵ĺһѹµɤۣȴΪȭͷĴһԣָȥ˰ɣ
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ͯĺţţͻȻһۣȵ˰ɣʮˡ
ʮˣզûоͯĺһ㶣ŤͷżС䣬СͷһЦţһƤ⣬Ǻǡ
ţҲͷүɰ󣬺үҪԪ˧˴£Ψʣ
ͯĺһһҲЦݣǰȥţɰԴ·źţȥ⣬ȴúţȵȣ֮ͨ󣬲úţڡ
ţʣмˣţ󣬱׷׸ˡ
ھʣºţǰ˵ĺʱţ̲ס̿ˮСֱɥĲȢȾɫȻڼ챧§ţȻֶⲻԵ˷ѹ
Ҫ֪Ů˿ϵİٹʮ꣬ǰĺˣͱɺ˿ʱ򣬿ȡõʱȻˣ
ţ֪ʱ޿̲밡ôأ˭žⰮãвסô죿ŪƣڼҲÿǣ
˵ɣ£֮ǰĿڻ͵ȥϰɡ
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ɶС˵ˣҼԪ˧͸
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ʸ˵㲻õа취ֻҪԪ˧㰲ƽݣܰȫûˣ¾ͺѻˡ
ţĻüͷһ壬๫ʲô˼ʮİΪʲô˵Щ
粶ûģΪαƳʼҲ޷ģҲ׵Ĺϵ֪ûʲôΣգֻҪĻһŷʼ޷
Ҳʲô˼Ҳ£СӦԶӶݣȷƽ˾˾ͻˡ
ںţǵѡ񣬱ϾԼһƱΪ˱ˮƵýҲԶ룬ȷСܻǸͻɣˡ
Զ룬ɡ
ƺ๫׳Ͼǰ컹֪๫ϴ˲ɹŵˮӪأԶǹԶˣʲôģɹ鷳
ʲô£粻ָƽʵ
оγǵ룬Ԫ˧Ҫô죿㲻ҪγǣҲزסҲֵǿЩ롣
һͷȻҪҪͷЩʱա
ҪأҶ˽ǧˣҲϰٸˣȥò˶ãͳɹ¼ҹˣ
ģװصģһγ˴󹦣Ҳձϱ͢Ϊ빦ò˶ãǴ۳ƽ
ɶƽզо򺣱Ͼأţͷ˵
ƽ˴Ʒ򺣽ҷ֪ڴӦ򺣣ҲǲУ㾿ûˡ
ߺιˣֻҪپУүҿɲںʲôˡ

һ๫Ķģ޶ۣʵأӲ̣֪òüγǣ׳ٵ˼͸ĿڣǻһǽĹϣ϶Ҫŭ⿴֫ͷԼ򵥵ĺڴϣ˸оЩЦԷǣȻҲͲŭǶΪ⡣
ͬʻڽȻͬ˿д𵽵ЧȻҲ֮𣬺ţ֪˵㵱дǷϻôѾŪڹ֮ˣ


746 
ţ߳ʣȻΧˣһǾޱȵĶͣ
ڡţôԪ˧˵ʲô𣿡սţŸ첲Щʵ
û˶ţöоܲЩ˿ɶһɱ˿ͽɱ˻գۣǰʱȫһ
ϷɱˣǺεȵţ
СٱèȻҡһ䣬Ϊèʼһֻ
˵ʲôһȥγ¡ţЦ
أ
ô㻹Ըˣ
ܰͷҡĺͲ˹Ƶġ
ȻγǺܿ࣬ʱҪ̣ͬʱôҲĶడγ⣬غһγǿǱػƽȻغһں˵½ǿɾͲһˣһʸ˵ˣֻҪǹγǣò˶ã۳Ҳͨγǵսߣֻ֮Ҫƽȣ˹ɹʳΣʱǮƣһ뽫Ҫǵ
ڰ˱Ԫ˧Ǵͨγͬԥݵĵ·ڻû̫ƽҲ޷ָ˹ֻҪγһֱûǮ׬
ͨˣҪĵĸŻʸɣүҪߣҲˣΪںңڣӾͺˬʵǿ಻԰
ȷһЩ죬ʺĵطǵϳȻɫɱϾһȺүǣǰ½ϻһЩҵжķҲ¥ʱȥҲ󣬿ڣս̴ҲûˣغĲҵҲΪսĹϵû⣬ȲѹˣһЩ꣬ЩŴļһǮƣ̸ǣֱˣЩˣһҪ쿴һȺƨɵĴүںˮʱоȥԼ᲻ϲأ
ʮûؼҼĸˣʮûûӼȥʱһͷ
ﻰʱڶر꣬뿪ʼҺҪᣬĻ͵͵
ȫһˣˣһеλĻˣ뵽Լ½ʱԼף᲻ȫɵˣ
ÿÿ뵽ˣһ˵ĳ졣
ͬһ˼ģں캣ʵռ˴󲿷ݣֻǺܶ˲˵˵Ϊ뿪ˣṴ˻ؼҵ˼һ鷢ﻹƽܲһңǺţ뿴
Խ˭ԽţͻȻɤӺȵ
ˣ⡣Խ߳ȺЦ
Խˡ
ţֻҪ秵Ĺ٣ͽǱ񣬶ٺˮǱ㡣
˺ʹ㣬ǵĵϻˡ
ԽţƺԼҲŭȻһЦˣ²˳٣ǻγǡ
߰ɡţҲˮˣԷˬ죬ȻͷӦҲܣܵļһƺ˹ƨɵŮһȥû꣬ܺҪǹ˼ɻСŵӣţֱӿˡ
ԽԪ˧һ㡣ߵԽߵ
ˡ
ԽЦһ䣬һԺţȻˣҲ⣬ֻҪ뿪ˣȻԽˣӦˬ죬ȴ裬һｫʿ˵û棬ȺòҪ˵ˣȻ飬úţжСȥᶫŪһ복Ĳ鼮Ц˵߰ɡ
ţһʼɻ󣬲֪Ԫ˧ԽȥɵԽһ·ϻγǺ֪ʲôˡ
ͷֺţ룬ȴԽΪҪ
ÿ˵ᣬһһһæڳһЩæŪʮ鷳
ţ֣ŪЩʣɵ֪󣬺ţͷһˣһѪѪġ
ĺܲȻˬʬ岻ι㣬ĳĵ֮㲻ܲˣƣڸҲˣţµ˵ܲܽܣҲѡ񣬼Ȼ̤·㻹զ
˼ԽˣЩ¼úһͳžúݾʣˣûʬ׵ľˣʬ׵ĶҪ𻯣㽫˵Ĺǻҡ顢ơ졢گ顢áͽ͸ȵȵȵȣһͻߵļļˣԱη֮ģй¶ĸҲҪõعٸչˣеģֻҪͣͬ⣬ҲӳиҵǰдӾ׻һС򳤣ҲյչˣѵˣһһСˡ
Щţȫûһںᰡ
ǱˣǰţоЩļһǮƣǿ϶Ҫ˸ȥˣȻˣôαҪЩûõء
ڣƺԼˣĲ˵ԼԼе̰к˼ˣ̰㣬Ͼջ΢ıձۣҺţǻ֣˼ԽϵĹۣЩɣȻвģҲֹһ飬ĪǾǴеԱȣţǿǲĿȥˡ
һ˰ءţ޲ǹ˼ӣǸжһѱһԽļŪԽһ룬Ȼ֪ٺãβ˶ָȥˣ
Խ⻰ûʣˣ¸ˣΪҪʣ϶˵ȻǺˣʼˣϰˣʵڲ˼


747 ը
ηԶǹʵʤӥ׷Ƕˣ
죡񶼾Ѯˡǰ
죬Ǻǣʤӥǲ˰Ц
ôʸҪ𣿡
ţˣ׷ȥҪˡ
ô򣿡ü
ֵĿһ۲񾰣Цˮͳ죬දв
οԵˣǰг߾ʱָˣʱͰȫ֣ڣ񾰾ȻҪ½˵һǧ˾Ͱˣܿýʿ֪µǧˣһɤöȴȥʱһսֱô죿
ԺΣҲʸǹӶ࣬ܶģҿƱ仯Ԥһôߡ
ʸע⣬ҲһΧڣΧˣóָӣָӵܶǧͳӡ
ʤӥ˱ǶǧңӲ̿´򲻹ûǹں֮Σ
о·ӦΣʵ
սأСսںһоСƳ󱳣
Ҳսǽս̨Сսˣ
Ǵ⣡
ţ˼ƲڣǲҺùƴҪɿ촬ԸսĽʿҪؼװ壬ɱˣ̽䣡
ĩ
񾰺ʸʲô˵ǶһЩһ̵±ӣûʱѵʴЩȫ㲻ս
ûɱӦûӹɣ˻ӵȱٵֻǵ
ѾЩ˶ϱߣÿϱһ±˾˴ͷǵĹǽٺܶࡣ
ʤӥǰĵдͣ֪׼Ҫˡ
ˣǾϻϵģۻîסɱͷͽ𣬶ɱã
ʤӥһȣʱܴ˷ܵĸߺ˶Щˡ
̫ƽʢʱ˵ɱˣ˱ɱﶼоЩ쬵ģ֮УѾľˣûȥϺӣľĲԼжж飬жڱ˵ľţ
ںȥö豻̷նףôҲˣ
սһ𣬲´ңսյþˣҲͱˣ벻Ҳˣ
ɱ
ȳģǷʤӥȷսսʮСսսЩֻ첻õģͬľҲʮּͣײʴΪȷ棬ٺʲˡ
һʤӥˣսתͷͷβһߣڷʤӥǰϵĽʿʹǹȫ̧ǹ׼ддһʮڣʱǹ˾ȵǣǹĲ۳ˮߣǷʤӥǱߡ
ȻҲлǹһٶɵľ룬ܴ˾ˡεһ䣬ֻϵĽʿſ£ǹľ¶˫ۣŻǹҲʼػ档
顱֮ںڰը첻ϣӵͷϴҲдôľмɽߣȴǺٵģϾκϤǹãȻ˴ңҪ£ⱻӵС
˵Ǳİ취û˸Һԣʴϱ±򵥵ļɡ
۷ʤӥǱߣȷӲų嵽һ룬ͳִΧҲ֮࣬мսȻͣǰԴϵأðȻˡ
ô£ʤӥҲ⣬üͷʵ
֪̫˰ɣҪҪǳ߼͵о䣬Ȳ
ʤӥߵĵ»ҲЩսϡƽûлǹʱùҲ򣬵ΣӦöŶԣһΣƺ˫ĿЩ󰡡
ȻʤӥͻۿǴӻǹҲжϳˣһʼߵĻǹֻǲģΪʤӥԼ˽Լ߻ǹҪȶö࣬ûãȻѹˣⲻò
ǹǶʲӵĻʸŪģҪʲôսʲôϰߵǶСЩҪäĿվԭزЩ
š
˷ʤӥĻӦһתͷüСͷĿȥ
ûãȷսϢʱ÷ʤӥѪ
˵ʲôٶˣ
ǵӥүһСͷĿսսĹڼװϻص
üҲ˶̵ʱ˶ɣ
ǱϾǼʸҲǹֻҪԴǾһǹ
˵˵ȻˣΪʲôͲʤӥһƸСͷĿһźҶ
ǡǸӥүզ֪ûأСͷĿȻ·ʤӥоԼ̫ίˣƾʲôҪһư
ϻ˰ɣǹǺͱһߣаʤӥ˵꣬ҲСͷĿˣֱһŽ߷ɣҲٽ
ʤӥһͻƣʱЧԺ࣬ͬʱƺҲЩˡ
ȷ۳ˮߵȷǽˣǽţζˡ
ʲô˵һ飡üʵ
Ҳüͷļǵģղųʮ֧ǹȺը⣬˵ʮһˣˣʸǲǵоѾ֪ҪϴǣŪļٻǹ
ܡ
ҡҡͷҪʲôоҲǽ͵ʱ򣬱ò񾰴·ȥ鿴
ֻǹԼըĵطսҲһս˿ĻǹѾȫ֣ͣ׷Եڼװϣεʱǽ˴գ˰ѱըĻǹ
һѻǹʣµҲÿˣֱӰըٵĻǹӵһԡ
ʸ⾿ʲô񾰺Ҵϵķ򳤽ʵ
ըˡ
ըţʲô˼
εĻ˶һ㶡
˼壬ǹűըˡ
ǹűը£˸Ӿˡ
У٣һǻǹþˣϻˣϱʹ⣬ЩǹǴɹˮӪϴٵģû⣬ƫƫ£Ӧòǻǹ⣬ǲ¿һӵ
⡭ŶԶԣղŵȷ¿һӵɷȥãͽˣĪǾӵ⣡һ򳤾
пܣӵùһûĹҿ
ãõġ
ȥӵοٲһ󣬱㿴⡣
û뵽ɹѧĺרҵ˰Щӵˮӵģߣƺ⣬һӵ⣬պȫһ䣬ӵû⣬͵ȫ֪ˡ
û⣬ȥɷʿǣӵȫһһ飬Ͳˣٻսϣڡ
εķԸķԸæʱװϵǹٴսϵڣҲ׵졣


748 ı
أأ
ÿһοڣսҡμ£սϵĽʿҲѾϰˣ֪ʱӦôˤ
Ƿʤӥ߲֪ڿںתۼ䣬Сս÷飬ŵ÷ʤӥͽˡ
ڣ
ʤӥɹʱ֮ԱǣΪԶﴫʲôһھͰѴ˵ģⲻϹӵӥͶʯûڿ϶ƭ˵ġ
һʤӥˣɹŲİ˵ʲôȻһڰѴˣֻҪд²©ˮ㲻õģһСսֱӱҡ
쳷
ʤӥ˿̵ľͺ͵ĸ߷һڸסˣȫͲιֻôܡ
ڲ鿴һӵͻȻձһ㶣Цһ鿴
һֱתźվŵļ򳤣ֽӣӵʮа˾Ŷ⣬һ䣬˹ֿҲҽμӵʮ⣬ֹԺٴγ顣
ԶϲΧӵϽ⣬֮˲׹Ҳ֪ʱ򣬲֪⿴ССӵȻ˶ѧʡ
ʸ⼸ӵô죿һһϧĿӵ
Űɡ
ȻòϣҲ᲻ˣﻹڼƻôЩӵͻȥҲըŵζǲôֻѡһǷǹǳˣÿһǧӵǰܲըŵļʣǿ϶΢΢ˣ
ҴּബֻϵӵûٷӵҲǣˣܶ治ôﻹûǹ
󣬷ʤӥһСʻ˶ӴսС
үˡͰ̺ͬȻڷʤӥҲܲûб¶ϣΪ֪¶Ҳûã÷ʤӥӵ⣬̺ӡ
˽ͷӹΪ°ʤӥ߽գһƨʵ˿ܲãǰոպ۳ˮһ̣ʲôû̵£˽ǧˡ
Ǻǣ÷үӹүӽһˡ
Ű˵䣬߽һˣʤӥͷȥֻһˣ˳úܿϸƤģ֬ʮ㣬ǿкᣬʤӥҪһŮװˡ
λǣʤӥüʵ
˵үӻţλݼ࣬ǰ๬Ĵ٣ԽƽݣҲ۳ᷣҲȫ֪ľӵĺˣҲĴүӰ֮ӣ
ǡ
ʤӥԲˣЦеĿ˵أԭǸ̫࣬ӰܰȻѶȥ̫࣬ǽС϶֮
ԣɫʱһ䣬Էʤӥ䳰ȷŭǫһЦֵ³ΡȻɺүӣ
ˡʤӥƺܴȵİڰ֣̬ȻԼλߡ
ΡȻǳ鴤һ£Ȼ̣ȴҲһȣԷʤӥɣƣԼҪˣ
ҶԼˣмϻҺˣƣαҪ˺أ˵˵ַ۳ʸĴ°ɣΪг
ʤӥԣ˸߰û취ҲҪŪǻʸȻ֪ܣΪʸҪ׽ģ׽Ҳкֻ֣ܶҪܿ˵У
үǰ۳ˮ֣ȻһСоĵϸҲһŰɣүӿɷ˵˵۳ˮ˽Ⱑ
ΡȻ⻰˵ĺ棬ҲҪ˼ҷүӵ˰̰
ߣʲô治֪ҵ˶ûǧˣԲ˼޿ɷ棡ʤӥЦһһʲô˵ˣܲʲôԸˡ
⡭
һЦʵ˵үӱڻս֪ڵǷ紫ǰ
ȷʤӥڣһԵĳΡȻȻһЦȷ紫ǰ㣬ͳˮˮǿǸ֮˽ҸҶ϶ܴŻ˵ˣ
ţҲϢս£үͳ˧ڹݶھ۶꣬Ҫս´֮ʣ涯һ۳ȴ룬үû۳ıɱˣһսҾǧʧսǧһеľҲȫ۳УˣүƳŹأֽ۳ʮھͼŹϣүҪأʧܸհ
̾һ÷ʤӥͳΡȻǴüͷ
رǳΡȻǰ֪ɹͱݣʱ̻ս¶ˣô޶أԭ⵵£۳֣ν޿ְ
ʤӥȻ֪ЩսֵʲӵĻʸ¸Ҫˣ
Ҫȴ㿪ҪƽɹҲֻʮʹĴӦɣ
ʤӥȻ룬ҲѶ̫ԼȳǲȥͷǵڻˣϣҲ˵᲻ӦӦˣȥԺܷԼ룬˵ģǿֶˡ
²ܼҪҪȫ֮ߣæһˣʤӥ뵽⣬㵭ЦǺǣô죿
ټλԭĺ۳ʸ
Ȼ˵ǹʤӥͳΡȻ֪۳ʸǱ׽ģʤӥΪǮΡȻҲȫǰɹţҲԼ˽ĵһ棬Ҫλţ˸ʹ࣡
ΡȻ˵Ҫ۳Ҫɱˣһ۳Ԫ˧۳ʸǰĿǰݣҪ֮ʮѣϾЩŲãߣѾ챻ǱƵ֮УҪİո󡣡
ϻ˵ص㡣ʤӥΡȻϹ
ΡȻͰǿЦһûʲôﶼϼһǧٱ顣
ȥĺ򣬶ڣ̶Ӧڹȫ޵ɣΡȻ˵⣬㿴˰
ͷĬ˳ΡȻĻ
Ȼ̶ڴȫ޵ô˵ĵ˱ˣһϵȫ޵ĸȨȻҪˣһ֣Ҫȡѣʴϣϱմ󽫾عıѾ´ʣͳһ뻹ǽô죬һ֤ʵֶΣЩȨҲǺǣʱֻҪǼΣתλô˼Σ
ΡȻ˵ô࣬Ҳƻδͷͬ⣬ʤӥͻȻЦһ˼ҸȨƾʲô㣿
ΡȻЦЦŷʤӥƾүӺеĹϵˣ
ΡȻԣʤӥӲ͵ɳˡ


749 
㡭ô֪ʤӥıͻȻ
⻰һڣˣԼⲻŸ߶Է¶
Ǻǣǲ¶ˣʵүҲóԾµĲ²ֻǱѣүӾڸʲôʲô²ʣذҲɣ
˳ΡȻĻֻһ㶣㵭ȻһЦԣȷүڸʲôȷɹûϵүӿԷġ
ʤӥҲ֪˼Ҫ³ԼڸʲôȷѣϾģƷҪȥɣĲر޳УڸͷɣǺܺģֻɣǿ飬һֱǺ֣ܲͬҲò֣ÿŶԼĵ̣Խ˽ͻ˹أҪкȺ֮ʴ˳ΡȻµ͸ϵⲢ֣ûвϡ¡
ʵڸֻһЩҵҺڶѣ㲻ʲô飬ҵļҲʴ˲ñ֪ǱС϶ҿɲ׷ͺڷ˰ʤӥ̾һڽͼ󣬱Ĭ
һ۳ΡȻΡȻͷȻˣôǾִ°ɣʷүӣɷһЩǱߵǽα

үӺܲӦΪһڸļˣܾܿͱ¶۱ʵ£ʱҪ׷ͺڷˡ
ʤӥĳҺܶ࣬رɹźţ˺ܶຣЩһʱ޿̲˼ôڹϣԼ˱¶ʵ̫ǡ
ΡȻͿʤӥĹǣתͷʹһɫ󣬹һЦȻǲүЩģүӿȫҪʲôᣬֻҪҰܸģҾһüͷ
˵ƺʲôȻˣүҪϱʲôˣҲԽɹţүӺʱգɹŶүӶسŵġ
سŵǺǣǻû÷˵ʱɣ
ʤӥ⻰û˵ȻܿҲ֪ЩЩǲ˵ġ
Ҳ̫С϶ˣҲڸЩҵЩС޷ЩȨϹϵԽȥԣܷɹҪǿϲϴӦˣ
үֻҪӦ֣ѾɹһˣΡȻЦ
ҲЦЦͳΡȻһ˵һά
ʤӥȷҲǹı·Ȼ޷κˣҲչһӣӽµĻҵӻһպѱӣʱ˭أ
С̫޶ۣܺһ򽻵ôĶ֪СӱȽϾϧȴСӻ竣ԼĴ£ӦöСӳ棬ôСӼŵ㣬ǷҶһ·
ʤӥ꣬ͷӦ´£ΡȻͰˣǴϲ
ȻҲԺ͸ϵ֮ǰ̶Ѿ͸Ȩַˣòɿ˼ҿ϶ˣ˷ʤӥϳΡȻղĽ飬̶˱ԱģһȨҲ̫ˡ
λ֪Լһ̤ΡȻڳУ˿̵ȥ浽˸ԼӦô졣
֮ǰòȥѯʣ˭ģϧûһ˻ᣬһ˸ԼǺ˵ݱȻҪ¶һȨΪ˱ɹſսץס͸ɹô죿
ǣֱӴѾģ
뷨һֱ֣ӷˣȻֵǧҪݸһһ򲢲ѣһ͵ں͸׷ˣҲ裬磬̫ܲǣβ͸ս
ҲΨȥȫ޵ﻹںɹẈ̂˵ĵ˾ѣǲΪǣ֣ͬɣ
һԲʸ⻰΢΢һ㶺Ҳͷʸ˵üԣ˵ĵ˾ѣǺ͸ֹͬɹţֻкôûл
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ȫ޵غһСУһС첽ߵһ꽫ߣ˵һЩʲô꽫¶֣С·
һҶСۣȫ޵Ϻ죬ͣڵİߣ˿̣ѾϰڵȺΪ׵ǸղСͨ꽫졣
꽫쿴СһĿ꣬ǰʩЦᰢӴ

㶣ε³һ䣺Ρθ¡ɪܴ
꽫ԣ΢΢һЦ΢΢ֵθ²ɪܴ

겻ͷεһ䣺𣿡

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Ŷ۳һƷС٣Ϊڣ˷ˣʹҪ򽫾ҪһЩˮҵ顣εЦţѾ׼õļݳ꽫һۡ
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꽫΢΢Ծһ£ֻɨһе飬㽫Ŀ⿴κԼԼӴ󴬶ӣüʵ֪γҪ
ŶģҵȲҪ͸ս͵Ϯɹ½ˮӪ󱻼׷ɱʴһ·ˣ
Ŷԭˡ
꽫ͷһǣתͼ⼸˵䣬Ŭʲôϧȫ
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꽫ͻȻתЦЦѾֹˣͬϰȡˮܳˣȡˮ󣬲ɶڰߣͬ⣿
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Ŷһһᣡһ㶣Ц
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ȴڻϱ˽⵽ϣоܣζȫ֪ģһ˵Ӧѧѧ˼ܣǺ֪ˡ
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750 Ҫ
ܶʮֿεĽʿˮʱεغС䡣
غС˵ʵһҲ磬ֻСׯѣΪªֵҲխС˿ڲǧΪ˴ȫ޵ϺĺߣԶˮӪأ´˵صΰǼãвٿˣȴҲûгִ¼
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ˮһɵģӦò꣬ɹŵˮˣʱغһؽңʴˣ񽫾ȷˣһ·崦ɹˮӪأɱǧɺƣҲ䵽ⲽأ
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˵ﲻһ֣˹ͬĵ˾ǲͬò˶ãܺ͸ˣ
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һݲ¶ǣں˼оȻζ嵭ˮΰŻȥȡǹ˱ˣҲְֵĽѧһ
˲ıԣǹ֣ܱҲûˣƺ޲ðѻǹ壬ܽ͡
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Ů߲ŸոմζУְ˼ҹҵӣСסˡ

˵ţͣһֱȻƺҪŮˣǶġ
ŮգĿãͻȻɵЦ
ŮһЦֻоһɹӿʱоֶˣȥҪҪʪ
θϽջ֣ôһһΪŮ˺Ư˵Ǳ׼ĸŮȻģҪǲ֣漣ˡ
ͶʮңŴ۾Сӣң˿ٲ𪣬ۻϰѾܺŴ˱ȼˣ°β֪ΪͲԼһϣʱѾĸоƺԼС黹۵Ĵ
Ůƺо˴ϻȵĶͨ죬ƫͷΣǱ΢һºͻȻּΣЦͣǰʯŪĲֹ˷ۺӣκ޲ֱӸˡ
ҪСĸҪĳΰͬʱץؿڣ΢ĴϢš
ŷ͡
˵˵Ҳͬ
ָָԼĶ䣬ʼ磬װָָһڵϵʾŮ˴
Ůɨһ·ȴҡҡͷָָ棬ָָΣָΡΡסεС顣
Բۣ
λһƨɣһֱӰѱһȦëë˴ߣͷȥʱͺˣ֮ǰǺŮһһ죬ڱһȫˣô֪
װ׵˰
۰۵ķָ
μΪĽĿŮ˱ֱ޳ĳջЦָָ·ָָŮˣָָ棬ָָԼڸŮˣ㴩ɣ˵ģҰ㶨
أ˼һɻ󲻽Ⱑұ˱ӣŪı峿һȻЩɪɪƺΪҵΣֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀıӣ

ˣѿʮ£ͷũİҲ˵붬ˣȻشϲͬЩ䰡
һԼϴŵ£˼ǰ󣬱˱һǡ
Ů˼һĻһϲɬĵͷһһģεıε壬˫ֻε֫סǰ˲䡣
Ⱥ£ϣǼֱͲ˰
ǣ뵱˽йôһκھ˶ãҲֻˣŴˣڻŮӣԼŮˣǽʲô°
ܰΣǮƣһҪѳסˣĶԼ޶
βϵԼԼңһɷ򣬺øף
뵽ˣ侲࣬Щı飬ЦĿһˣҡҡͷӱһͷޱȵķ´ٴ·Ϊ貿ں飬ʴ˻ЩʵҲ뿪䣬ֻһһһ
ŷ͡

ŮһڣٴνһȻ֣֪϶ˣǻ粻ͣء
ֱһŮ˵ȻһЦ˫ֺʮԣͷۣһ˯ƣҲ˶תֱ뿪
ξȻֱˣŮãӣͷԼĽƺЩţӣ´ܵһľԣͭԼ֮Ůҡҡͷһɻ󲻽ĻصϣӸǺãͦıƺᵽʲôʱ̲סץӴսǼŬᣬɵɵһЦҲ֪ʲô


751 
γ˷䣬վߵĻ۵һ˿һ飬б֪СǵԴ
룬ʲô룿ԣȻһݣȴһɻ󲻽ʵ
οЦһҲǽʲôΪͲ
ˣ˯ðãѾڵȺƼγЦʵ
ֽˣֽչˣ˯úܺã˯õȷܺãֻǽһ磬ЩưˣҲ֪ǸˣܰŸġ
Ȼһ˶ЦݣЦǵƯŮӣѾ޹ˡ
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θ⣬ֱӰѸով׽ĸ˳ÿ죬¾ҪŪһˡ
ȿȿȣ㡭ȿȡαǺЩܣ˵ˡ
Ҳ⣬һЦ˱Σŵ˵Ҳֿģ길ĸ˫òˣ鵱죬ɹűҸʴҪǿɷҲǿдߣǰ˽ݵҪعѣǿʴұΪ˴ˣҲΪõĿˣ
ΰĸĩˮһ󣬿Ц¾ɣ֪𽫾𣿡
ǸҪҪŴ֪ȻڲɱҲˣҪٽķ˯Ĵǿ϶ǳ˵ˡ
Ϊһ޸Ůӣ룬οɾԸɲȻŮ˺ƯŸƯǡ޿ûǸŮӿɱȵġ
˼ҶõĿˣܷǲܷˣ
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ڸʮ꣡Щ
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δͷе֪Ǹȫ޵غһССʮﴦˮӪǧˮͳ˧ܣǽ½죬һǽ𿡵ӣҲΪһϵſͳˮ
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ӣǺǣ̰ᣬĿ޾øԪڣҲλһֱͲˬ𿡣֪𿡺ܹϵԽԽ֮󣬱͵͵ܺıƭ͢ɱܸǺޣҹѽ𿡵˺һɵȫˣ֧ҲȫԶ
ʴˣοƺһЩζͬ常ˣţôǵͬ͸ˣ
ڵܿʼԼıҲ˵׼ǻˣǻ֮ɹű˳ʹŰ裬ɹʹɱˣҲøԪ˼
ڵĸȨͬɹŶŸɵģҲͬ齵ɹţΪģվɹһߣ𿡱ǽȻ෴ҪɹŶŸɡ
Ҫѡ飬𿡵ȷεĲѡ
δĦЩʱͻȻһٻӰͷһһƯ˷ָŮˣ֮ǰϵĹˡ
ǼΪͨĸŮӷװоеһȹֱؿϣȻΧŵıģһ㣬һĨ׵Ϲ۵ѩ׼ϸ֮Ů޷֮С
뺦ӵðϰ
ﰵһٴӺѩ׵񾱺ɨϣȻһЦʵʲôҵģͺλͷ˵תҡ
ԣȻһ⣬ͷǾĽεĻøһ飬׹Դƺ˺ܾãͷֹ˵һЩε۵Ļ
ˣ˵֪ˡ

ʲôҪģ˵ֻҪܸģһ㡣
˼ҺϾΪõĵһοɲܿǡ
ɵͷĻø︴һ󣬺֮ǰһԴ˺ܾãֹ˵
ˣ˵еĶˣô˸ʲô
ľͺһͷƵģŮп
ֹ䣬ͷĻ︴βѾˣɰͷЩˣôЩҲ˼Ұ
ͷĸ󣬾Ȼ¶ʮֲõЦݣŪһһ㶵ġ
ǺǣղҺ˵˵ͻݣʶ壬֪ˣ˵Ůӵĵ䷶

γ˿Цʲôʾ˼ͷˣ
û԰ɣһɡָָĸ㣬ź˵
ͷԺ󣬱㳯ιʩŸʼζĳŸ㡣
Щر˸λ۳ʹģζȻǽС̯ܱȵģóϲԣθоЩ㣬ζǲˣϧڼԵĻһ㣬Ҳ֪ΪǷԪʲô٣


752 Ů
һ£СϹתƣ߳ĸͷλкĸˣҲʶ˺һ¸顣
θоɻǣһ·ʱʱģͱ˸ָָ㣬һʼΪԼ۳۵װǵĻö֮ͲԾˣΪһ͵ͷһԵĸЩ˵Ŀ⣬Ҳϡ
ôˣ˵ʲôεѯͷ

ͷƬ̣Сص̰ٻ֪ܵļǿˡɷɱСӵɱ˷

ŻȻȻںȻɱˣɱûСӣе𾪣ͷϣҲ˵ʲôùʲôϾЩǹܲ˵ģһ۳Ĺ٣˼Ҹһɱ˷룬˵ɱ˷ǺҲͰգ˼Ǵֵĸ˰Խеˡ
ڰﺫοȥȲ˵ǲԣβҲ޿κΣܲܲݣŴһٰɣ˼Ҳ˷ѿˮˡ
ǣȥɡ
Ȼ˵ȴҲܶ㰡ӱܣᣬô
һţһֱ̧ͷԵߵüأ˿̲λ۳ʹľٶһͷͼӴ׵һεĿǸм
һ·صݣЩأΪڵ֪˺Ȼɱ˷·ϣȷĸо˵ָָá
ʲôɷ˵˵Ȼ˵Ҳ㡣οź˵
ͷĸ죬˺ܾãĵĵ
˵ûȷһʮֿŮˣܻ˵ˣû뵽ƽޱȵŮӣ侭ԸıˣƺǰӾζɣ
ĸ磬СҪҲΪСͳʮֿˣûٱ˵Ϸ۸Ψһģɷˣ
ϧһҲսˣǱߵҲЩ⣬δ޽ǰˣǰҲˣ֮Ψһˣɷĵܵˡ
ֻǶСӣȫûаøУΪɷȥ֮󣬼ɧúܣΪŻڣСӲǿһߣûסˣ
˭뵽ƽƽŮˣȻ𷴻һѼСӶƤͱһɿ
ҪģܵˣΪǮŰ񣬶ҲӦֽΪ֮
˭Ҳ֪ǣ뽫׸𿡵ģĶ쳣ϾŮĺ˽⺫ȻһӺ󣬾ԥˡ
Ϊ˸һ͹ȥҲûʲôɾǴӣĵ˲䲻һˣΪ׸ĺô
û뵽ûȽ͸߾Σ
Ȼ˵ԼֻһƷС٣ţڲ׽ϸڵ˲Ǳ򵥣Ĳ˵λ˵ȣҲԲƷСٿɱȵģ
ңܻע⵽һ⣬ߵķΣһ۾ʶǰĻξ⻤ξ̫ξҲ͵۳֪Ƚ׵Ļһ֪ҲƷˣĻƷͬ׵Ļػͬ׵Ĺ
ȻҲпλΪʹλ񽫾ԼĻߡһ⻤ĶԴڵ㲻ƲĵزҲӦú䵭ǣôܳȹ쳣̬
ʴ϶ھ򵥣ܱܿλ¶Ĳ񾰵λߣȻˣβֺλأһˣǸȥˣҲ
뵽ԼȻڶ̶һͱһεܸð˾ŲʮˣҲֲȷǹ⣬ȴûпǹ̬⡣
⣬ûϵˣû䣬֪ʲôʱʼѾ˷츲صĸı䣬۳ʱֶԴٹ٣ȥϰ߸İɣ˵ĿˣƽҲǫֻͣƺѾо¼ûͷˣȻıŮ
ʲô뷨ؼңǸңοź
δͷ׼ĳĸһߣξ͵һͷȵʵʵ˵ҪͼӴˡ
Ŷ
ͷΰȷ˵һЩģúλˣֻûῪڣ˼Ҵ˾ʶСˡ
ͷƨѻ찡
ͷ⣬øѯʺ뷨
֮ǰһͷþòһθӾˣֱΣ˵κǿյĻ


753 ͷ
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ҲֻͷΪ֮ʵˣ˼ǣοҲδ뿪֮һԶĵط
⿴ƲۣʵۣܵҪߣȻֱӻˣѺȥҪôοǿ˼ҵӣЩΪϸоֱŤģ˵ͨɡ
һֱߣȥŴ˿ҲûͰϾѾĺƯһƯŮߣǸ˵ˣ
һһɡҲֻ˵ˣϾܸҵŮˣؾˣǴ˼ҵ
ҹҪϢʱ⺫ˣҽ˵ѵøɾ䣬ɰŵòᡣ
ɶ֪˵һ˵Ҳ֪ڸȥɣҲ̫ˣȻҲںƺҲںǾͷֿ˯ɡ
αȻ˰죬⺫ƺһ㣬ʵڴϣοЦһûŪһӽֱӴˡ
ذľģ滹һ߾룬Ϊ붬ĵȾ纮
εľٶú֣ΪʲôͲԸ˯һȻҲϲռӣҲûɱɱźҲֻˣֻû뵽Ÿһˣ⻹𣿺Ǻ棬ҪΪԼòǲںǳªˣ
գغСʮľӪУܿ첽һľƸ¥һţ㿴ھȻѾˣ
֣ܺȻѾյϢ𿡽Ѿˣֻǲ֪ΪʲôûֱȥС򣬺۳ʹʾ⣬ҪӪһˡ
常ܹĳŽ
ǺǣܶˣΪһ£λʹΡȻλӦòİˣЦе˵
ʮ˵ӢҲΰЩݣΪ߹룬Щһ˫ϸ۾ƺд˾
ʹһһ𿡽˵ڶʱֻŤͷһۣǳԾе㣡ʤӥ
ǺǣֽǵС϶ʤӥЦеֵһڣǱ׼ĸ֪ϸˣ»ҪΪǸˡ
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ûʲôˣҳȥ
˵꣬𿡱һֱ֣ӽܺ˳ȥ
ܻ˵ʲôɿ常飬ҧҧ̾һת뿪
ǺǣС£öλЦˡ𿡿뿪תͷųΡȻͷʤӥЦ
ްްΡȻһƵЦ
ôǾһ£ֵ룬ղų֮£ɷ棿ٴѯʵ
ȻֻҪ۳ˮ֧ǹ̷ϣӵҲԲ˽𽫾ģɸɺҲͬ⽫ɹŴٲָκˣзүҲ֣ݵ̴Ҳõıϴˡ
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˴£ȻҪǣϣ𽫾ʽõѡ񣡡
ûмϻͳΡȻͷʤӥ뿪󣬸ոջصУ˽ڱ常㲻һֱҪɹſôڡ
ҡͷһЦܵɹŴƣҸ᧿ΣֿȥѱһٹƼĴڣ̫Ҳϣɹ˱ȻˣǺβ˳ˮأ
һǳô죿ܿɲˣοɹˣ
浱常޴ʲôǵĵز𣡡
ͻȻһֵҲʮİգסƬԴɹűʲôǹʵںǿⰡɹΪ۳ˮԸ֧ǹңЩǹҲپɹųˣ
ʵЩû˵ɹŹ¸뽮ǰȨĸ붼ɹŸ߽ˣһɹžȥôͷЩĲиˣʱڸ˭⣿
˵ɹҪǻڽ𿡿С̫ˣֻҪԼշЩƵСһλֻͣһ仰Ĺ
ʱɹżˣҲɽ߻ʵԶ췹Ĭʲô˻ǹһ
ò˵ǿǵĺܳףƷϵҰģֻǰЩȨҲһֱһƽ׶Σͬˣɹһ򣬸ˣ˥һͿأֻҪɹŴһߣȷûˣ
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붬ĺ磬ν˽ڽɴ£һķ˵Ҫһ㣬һ
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˷룬ȻоԷøƺЩҲ֪ԷẺǿ
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ͻȻ˵ܼʱ룬ͻȻһüɨһΣʵʲôˣֵõϻ

⻰õļȻǺȻЩţ˼μ䣬Ͳ˫Ŀһʱǲ񽫾Ĳı
ıǺǣϲòı𣿡Ц񾰵Σһۡ
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飬עιͲս£Ͼսһ飬۳̫˽ţž֮һ
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Ϊɹ˱ҪƷȨȴΪɹʱʱӣɴͷˣˣҪıǶҪɹŶԿһΪ˵õȺɹźõĻǹɸǿԼȸô֪ʷѶϢһֻ޻̸֮ˣ
һ죬Ҳû¶棬ÿ춼ΣҲ˵һЩĿǰǵ룬Ҳֻ˵˽𿡻취۳õôȴûиΣѾͳΡȻʤӥǽӴˡ
ȻҲǧ˹ôȫ̽ܽԲﺣ壬ѾǼˣʤӥһͺ͹ҵĺ԰һĲˣôܹεߣ͵͵ͽֶԸ롣
˵һıʹڶʮңúǿΣΡȻͻȻ⵽ղŽ𿡻еǸıüʵ
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ΡȻ˵꣬һԽ˵ķʤӥȴڰզ࣬Ѿ֪ΡȻе۳ʦλʸˣû뵽ʸȻɣǲ⳵ΡȻţֻý𿡰æ׽ˡ
һжģôοɵ˵ˣĲ˵ܸ߷һ㣬÷ʤӥɵˡ
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ʤӥҲԹˣЩŭƺоЩңʱûɹźˮĸһҪ¹˭ֻһأ
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ҲΪˣͬ˳ΡȻ飬ȽʦסȻ׽á
ΪԳΡȻΪʲôҪ׽ãҪɱʦ𿡲ûио֣Ϊһô򵥵ǲǱ
֮󣬽ٴγںߣһ֪ϢΣҲͲڴ˵Ⱥˡ


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δȼ»׼ãͻȻڵˣȥɡ
ȥ󣬽ǵ֪оõо𣿡Щõ
ںЩ֪ҲвңΪһˣ˷ѵҩʵ̫ˡ
粻֮ǰ뷨ڷŵսϣһȥоܼɱֱǲţоɢҲҪ粿ڵɱԶԶ
ͬһڣһˣսϣ𺳰ˣǧˣˣʴˣΪһ̽ӣ˷ѵҩˡ
ò˵粵뷨ܹƫսģʲôȿսϵ;ŻؿɴͲˣΪ˴⣬ƺûɶãȻ˺๫ʱСС֣ʱҷҷСҲһζ
֮ˣҲȷ̽ӣ֮ǰڰ̽оͻȻһףںȻͬʱ̲סǺ֮ǰһĿ
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ΧݳǣѾһˣò˶ãݳؾȻҪͶˣɻû˼ͶǮ͸֪˵۳Ԫ˧ﾹȻҲڣ
ʲô᷶ظ֤Լ۳ųɵĽʿҪˣ
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ԱЩε˵ʮ죡
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»ڵĻݿѾ˰ɣ۳ᣬΪ֪۳ռݰڣʮּ֡
ᷣϣĲбܽܶ۳ͼֳɵģ֮ǰҲȷˣ۳շԥݺ󣬽ʿۣսǧ񣬴һǶҪҪģЩ
ΪԼûѡǵ͹粺õսԡ
սҪսԸΪҪˣֱû䣬ʤˣͬʤˣ
ϣĽʿ۳ֻС̰ͬͼСˣϲ̨档
һ·򵽰ˣɻٻһԭ򣬾Ҫ׶᷵ȻγǱţµðմĽҲҪγǡ󡢸ʵȵصĵоϹȻ˵³
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ŵţͻȻЦˣ
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759 ݹ
콫ѵǲ͵оƴסݳ𣿡
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¬Īһŵ⻰ͻȻһһģЦŴ˰湻İ
թ
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һĻȫ¥У佫ϤĲϤˣԽµһ佫֮ǿᣬ֡
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Ӱ˵ݣ·;ź֪ս̽ӿӱ޻᷹֮󲻾ã粵ٸݡ
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̽ܲ飬ź֪ɽصؾһǧɢĴܲôǰԶǰ㣬Ʋ
ʲôһǧֱһ򰡣
һ֮ϣźֻǴʿ¸߳ңǰɽص
һ̣źﰡ齵۳ĵһɲݲճǰƺ̫Ԥˡ
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ֻԻһµо˼򵥵룬㶼ˣʲôھУȥţɡ
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źֻǿһۣͷţֱˣҲױ׷ϣȥ˨ϲݻᰲˡ
źֻԸһҲ뱧һݻȥǰһ￴Ц
ܿ촫ȥʱƥ׷ŵݣº󽻲汼ܣļڣѿݻƣɢڵһϣ̳ɲʱը
źһۺ̳ջĿ⣬ҲǰֻƵҪôͣϾҲֲ˭֪ɽؾȻ˶ҸҲΪأǶûأȱ˼Ҹˣ
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ɲǿģ˶ˣĶʲôǷԬҲҡͷ̾
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ǰֱһɫͶ̥ǿɳСˡ
ɶҵıԥˣ
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źԬһһ䣬̳ԽԽҲԽԽߣǿ۾ʱͻȻźüͷһ壬Ϊƺ˺󷽵оУǰƺһ㣬ͻȻ͵ͷܣžͺͺ󷽲ײһɲʱ
զˣ
źҡҡͷɴ۾Ҫڿɴ̳ѾڣŰӵɳͱɳܵᶼˡ
ղ㿴ûУźҪɳѵܣҲֻ˫ֲϴãѯߵԬ
Ԭûбɳ£Ҳ۾۾ãЩ˵ֻȥˣ
ȥˣ
źһƿڴʲô˼˼ƻɱ򣬻ЩС̳ң£ҲԿˣֱӼкõŻȥ
桭ǻȥˣһ룬һ̿ˮ
ôܰ
źڰɳӸ˳һһƬɶҲ
ߣûɳ
һ䣬źҲ룬תͷ͸Ż̳ɳԵźһŤͷһʱɵˡ
ĶʲôȥֱͷӬ
ǰԶĹٵ¶ϣ֮ǰƻһ̣ͷӬĴҴܣһһЩ֪ϵرģɴҵĳײһһֱӱײڵأ֪ŵ̤֪ײֱġ
ҿ
ź̲סѧͯĺһڣȻͯĺѧ˻ʸģźܲôˣӦô˿ģҲֻСҿˣ
԰
ԬźĲıǳıһ࣬ǰź˺ͨһ֪࣬Ӧú˭ã˭ȵȡ
ʴˣҲһʱûлعզˣԣĺܲԾ
ֹԣֱǡǡӱź˵ӱʱԼﶼЩţΪӱӦ߰Ͼ˼ҳǧ򣬶Ǿ٣ôȣֻŪһСɳȫˣҲߺ·ˣǰɽǺӣһɢһ·ɽˮź˶ɵˡ
ӱԣӱоôӱˣѵһսб䣿Ԭü˵
пܣ
źҲ侲ҲɵɱȥϳɳԽԽãϵɳûˣ͸ڣɳȥڵ̣нʿҺɱ
źһ󺰣ٽʿˣһЩɴսγսɳץֱȥû̾͵ȼɲݣŪ㽽ʪĵһǣȻ
һڵоУºɾͿֲˣ̳ɱ𣬺ԣǰ
Уཫ춼ǰµĲԾˣֻƣûӰǹŪ鰡ǣνɽʿǶˣֻ֪ӣ½ĺֱӱʿľ˻ڸǣûõˣŴҶӣܲӣ
ģ޹ҪģƵĹ
һո˵꣬ߵ±ʲô޹İھӪˣӪؾڸˣܰɣ

ʱԽͻը촦ӾһȻòˡ
˺Ȼཫ伸ҪģҲҪ˺ؾð̻ܲļһˡ
ȻһʼȷཫʿǼǣɽģȱͳ˧ҶڸΪսཫʿ乥ϳ¥ȴΪûԮ±ɱڳǽ֮ϣ󣬵ͻȻɲʱ䣬ɢһȫˡ
ؾԾɲϷŹǣһ·ǵľӪϴһ󣬰ǽļȫˣЩӱȻһͷֻһ·£ź


766 ʱ
ŰϵսսǺˮȻǶʮңҶСսûսԼԣҪ֮׾٣ؽΪ˾ԶԶĶţҿͰռҲ㿿
ؽԺܸߣ߸ոնǱ߾ɳսΪ֮ʴԶ밶ߣֻҪоͲ˭ܺĹ˭
Ҫ֪Ȼ粸˰ˣⰲڹ꿤вҲǵĸأν谡ֻҪɳԮԽºݳǣͷܰǸʰˣ
˵ӺݵһˣӢ쪣ޣƽݣһҪڿ£ζҪҲ֪Խ᲻ˬһֵĻᡣ
ؽޣƺоΪڶԼסˣʲô𣿺ǺǣҪǸ㳲ʵؾͣ˲³һˣû֮أˣܾܿҪԼٰܾĦζ㣬Լɴͺ֪ŮôȻŪСؽѣ
ؽһ֮ˣȻǰԼûԼòΪ治զΣûȨûƣûǮɣ֪Ů˸ܾʮýſһۣ͵ͷȥˣӴʮʹŮӣһɱɱ
ؽɱŮˣѾ°ٸˣʴˣؽڵҪҲԽԽߣѰŮѾ޷ķۣ粣ǵʱŮӣʲôƨ۳Ůʺͻĸ֮⣬ݵλߣ뵽ŮŪϴζؽ˷ܵûˡ

ͻȻһҶСۿٴӺ󷽻Сϵ˸ûϴ㼱ͷźؽߺ²ˣǮ彫Ŵҵٻغ󰲶ٺôӶӻĽʿ
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ǰһգӦþ͵ˣʱǿϹȥ֣Ӫʣ÷ߣԷⰡ
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Ȼ⴫˵аۣؽǲţԽӵ򰡣ʲôݳǣˣҶ±ǺͶǣȻЩҲǧ֮ǺҲԽĶְôܻذأ
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ؽͻȻһ㶣ͷ·СϵĴЦһ˸ʯ飬ºˮС

Ǵʱɵˣʲô°Լӻһ·糾͵ĸϹƨɶ챻𿪻ˣûйͣҲӦôһͰɣôͻȻҪԼºأûһ֪ˣ
ĪڿЦɣɣְǮױţƵȵȣ㡭
δ⴫˵꣬һҲһۣɨ߶˵ŸʲôûղŵķԸ
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ܽʿŻعû취ղﲻݰ˼ҷǮ彫ľ֪սţɽҲھͰСӸˣ
һ˵ʲôɡ
ģΪֻǳóû뵽ĸҡҲǼ顭ϸǷˣ๾࡭ˡ࡭Ǯǰ࡭ǰ桭ۡ๾๾
źϽƽݣܽʿ޲գڴϵʯͷô˵ҲʮȻܼ˵һѷϻɼˮӦòˣڲ׹һʯͷڽ£תҲҪƨ
СҲƭҲˡؽЦһȫͲŴ֮ǰĻ
˵ļǣԽӵ򣬵оڶıҲôܻùԽһԵĽʿЦ
粿ȷѣҲǣһҲ̣ս˿廨СŵĻѻҲֻ֪˲Żˣ
ؾڴЦڸղŴĻѹͲţǲ֪氶ϵĵоԪ˧粣Ҳͬһʱ䣬֪˺ݳսµǺһﲻͬŲɰ
Ե棿
ͬҲʱź˴Ϣ
ȷʵ
Ԭͷ˵ΪǱоһأû뵽̳֮󣬵оȫˣͷӬĴӴܣ¹ٱҹϻԪ˧
᷺ܿڹ֮ʱ䲻֪ʲô취ĿǰĿҵȷǼΪ粵ͷ
ɱᷣӦǶɣ»ͻȻһ
ҫҲüһˣ֪콫лǹڣȻҿɱʮа˾žǶˣ
»ҫСɱϾǾվ粺󷽣粲׽˵Ļüͷһ壬ʵֹ˵ʲôأ
⡭
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üͷ尡ȫͲ֪»˵ʲôˣ֪ˣǶֲһ̻ǣ̻ȻҲܷȥһЩ˺ɾǴˣֻҪͷˣ˵ʲôǧٱ粿϶ˣö̻ڣз޴ˣǻСڣʲôڵĽСⲻǺ
粶ûˮˣʶҲԨȻ޷ߣȥѧֵļ»ǿˡ
Ԫ˧֪ʸʦһֱڸǿЯ㣬ֻڵ̫ʦʦĥ˴꣬˲ǧΣͳɹһԭƺڵռ䣬һƶĻҩһըǿҩһҪһϸСߵͻҩߣȼ棬ڵըǣȼȼǿҩΪȼյĿҪ̳Զʱ䳤̣ҪƵΪȷУʴΪⶫ;бը˲ѧӣڻʸȷҲǺСŵڵըˣҲǿСˣʴˡ
ҫԪ˧ƺͣһ˵ȥֱӰŪĸӵˡ
ǲǴ˺ܶණ
Լһ䣬ǰоԼҲûʲôôİȻ๫ϲʵϡޣû뵽ⶫһһԶѾ̾ˣĻǹֱӰĲ֪ˣǰʱ˹ڣ֮ǿᣬûʲôСڣͲĳˣʲôҩĸ룬ߵĳ̣ʱƣ֮һѵʴʣֻо⡭ʲô
Ԫ˧һ͵ı飬»̲סСһ䣺Ԫ˧֪Ҫֵ㶪˰ɣջʸĻйʱˣʸҲ˵ˣʱʱģںۡ׷ʱ֣


767 ƾͼ
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ڣֻǴƬ̣عڰֵڲЩҪѺ£ЩӱҪʱѹˡ
˵꣬ѯʵͯɴϢ
һСԣԪ˧ͯѾϢо˰еս⣬ڱ氶ߺʹ˺ͬڴҲ̽ӣҪЩطǲף
벻ؽҾһ÷ʩϧҲҪʵĵоȫδزȡʤһü
ཫʿԣҲ׷ҡͷ̾Ϣؽڵ֪źʱʱȻҲҪɱǣƣںٵ£ͻϮȥɶȡ
ɶԷȻû֪źȥ󣬾ƾ𲻵ʲôãҪº󣬵ȷʮˡ
䣬ĿڰɨһۣƼд˿δüͷһ塣
ïͻȻһ
Сڣïֵ߳
Ҿ֪ؾв֪֮ҹ۵о˿δֵоɣ᷻ܣˣǺܿû׼ǰȥ̽ûзֺؽɱӱָӸ֪ҡ
Сף
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ȫԪҿڣͻȻѯһ
˶һۣûȫԪҵӰȥѰңԼյʱȫԪҲżææ˹
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ְͯĺ˻׼һ£֮Żεıǰ档
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Ȼˣ粲ֱӽƾͼƣúؾԸ
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ϧȲ˵˼۳Զܱ׿ΪԸڣҿ۳ڣʴˣڰϵ۳򣬺ؽһ
ͯĺһǧҹ棬صǻʮأȻ֪ؾΪҪԪ˧ıе˰кܱһЩط֪ͯĺһҹԶ·ܿïͼֽеĵоںĿòƹûõϢѾˡ
ˣսӱ
ͯĺҡͷһ̾ԸڽʿץϢʱȥ
Ϊһҹ·ûеõ㹻Ϣͯĺµһǧһݣɫ㲣֮ΣǾɾƣһȥǷϲӱ
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ںк͵оԳ֣һһٰʱƤӵˣĶܹܵõﰡУξҡҡͷֵȥ֪ͨɡ
ʯ֪£ԸСȥ֪ͨؽصУξߣһ۳üô֮ǰǮ˸֪ҵȣԽˣӦдӱѱʶƣһѴʹˣ㿴˺ܾܿ۳װˣôģһϢҲûյǲӦúͽڰԳĶıأĪǣ֮ǰǴʹѵǮģԽİˣ
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ǣУξ˵ļǣʯ֪ĶΥУξŵ˺һϥ˵
ʯ֪ʵǸƵģԽǷܣòǺأΪ֪Խˣ͵ˣⲻһССֵ֪ܲģǱԼ˵ɣӹıҲͰˣУξʱԼĵľ̸ˡ
۳ıװһսˣȻ߱Ҳ൱ʯ֪غ߶һȺս£ɽ֮ҽ˵ҪǺ۳ͳ򣬲Ϲ
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ʯ֪Ϊ˾඼̰֮ˣΪҪѧһ㣬ȫԼأ
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768 Խˣ
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ʯ֪Ҳǿͯĺһӱʯ֪תһ룬͸оԾˡ
νƭ޺ˣС͵ˣƭӿȫµ˶ƭӣС͵ǲںκˣֻںԼ˵Ը£ڣУξƺͳƭӣκͯĺ˾ƭӣʯ֪ԼС͵ʲôָˣֻҪԼܾǮ·Ǳʲôá
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ֲͷ˵ҪƽʱȻģҲõͨſɷУҲ֪ڳһݲıȻǶ˭֪ǲǵоðء
ʴ˵ֲͷἰ£Ҳˣһ˰ﻮֲͷ롣
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ؽҡҡͷųһֲͷУξôӦ
Уξ۳ٰģʴûпǽֲͷص
ŶҲûֻⷽҵƢɲðȻܴҲһɣȥ֪Уξǲǵоٰ磬ͳһЩʳҲ㰲һ£֪ңǲݺڷǣʳסҲһȥϻʲô
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ȷЩ˺ܿǷҲ٣ǺԽˣֲͷ˵ƺû˵Խˣֻ˵һǮһƨҲûų
Ǯûƨؽ֪ûҲͰˣˣǲǸԼˣ
֮⣬ؽӵоҲƫңϾһǧ˵಻࣬Բˣ۳ڰ˵ıҲǧֱɳôܿأңڶ߰ϵıҲһǧˣһǧ뿪ˣô˾㲻ǿ飬ҲͬˣԸؽľܲ̽ף˸ؽȻ˸ֱ֪Ӻɵ粣
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ֲͷϻغʱͷѾûˣʯֲ֪ͷصĻɳһ̾ߺͻ˴£
ǰ˭뵽ԽİأҲû˵Խ𣬻ֻԽɳȥ͵Ϯоˣʴأֲͷü
ܣ
ʯֱ֪ҡͷΪʲôԽߣ
ΪʧˣԽŭڴӹţŽϻأֲͷоԼĲ²⣬ӦñȽϿš
ʯ֪ػҡҡͷЦ㰡޶ۣûԽԽǲҲоʰɣôûأ
⡭Сˡֲͷ󣬲һ죬ǰЩˣҪˣֲͷɵɴ۾ѵԽ桭
꣡
ֲͷ˵꣬ʯ֪زҪס죬ҿһۣûһС˵ΣȱԼɣ
Уξû뵽ȻðƻʳɰòУκξɽвò
ԣǳԣóǡţ
Уξ뵽⣬һ㶣ƺ뵽ʲôյСע⣬ȻĵЦ
ʯ֪ذ
¹ڣʯ֪Уξкƨƨߵܹ
ѳҩ̵кҩȴŪ
⡭
ʯ֪⻰ʱʲôɵµðɣ
кβã֮ûҪǵ͵ʳžˣЩˣһԲס͹ˣ
УξļˣƾʲôǳԵģԼȻиʰæݣ˭ݶأУξһǼðģԼʳȥιˣΪֱ޴ˣҲ֪ôģΪ˹ȫ֣Ҳò˷ѰɣҪ֪ӱԽˣǲӦ·𣿵ԽӵôܹһССĶ͸أ
Խûܵ⣬һֱյĺʿû취ֱ̫ˡ


769 ʯ֪صĽ
ʮʳǽصظõģڽǰһ£ʵڱǸΪڳûжķᣬҲѾ˴ˣò˼գôǰ١
ʯ֪һ˳ĳͯĺЦ
ͯĺбƳһʯ֪أصĺһ䲻ȵСʶࡣ

ʯ֪ǳ鴤£һЦҶԣǰͯĺǧٱô˵Ҳˣôʲôô
Ǻǣ¹ٿɷѯһЩ¶
£ʲô£ͯĺһľƳϵóһҧһʵ
ǽ˷ǰΪΰѵԽʯ֪˵⣬ʶȤıˡ
ͯĺüһɫһŭ⣬ˣ̾һڰֵˣԽȡ
ʯ֪ؿͯĺ۷ʱʱ⡱һ£ͯĺ⻰ˡ
ﻹҪ£¹ȸˡʯ֪زҾżʳ񣬱ٻصسС
ʯ֪뿪֮ͯĺת͵͵о׽˳ץУҪɢʳĽʿȰãЩʳǴĸЩʳ⡣

ʿһҲѯʣкҹȡ͵ش
ͯĺǻͷʳû⣬ῴЩĩۣʵܿҩۡ
ԷҩµΣͯĺͻʸ˶һº󣬱ݵ⣬๤ֻҪһԲζ֪ʳթ
æҹڽʿסˣͼߵͯĺ棬ֱѯʵͯ磬Щʳô죿
Уо˾裬һֵΣһУξѯʵ
Ԫ˧ԸˣΪԻоǿսʱ˰Ǵºأ
˰æôܣ춼ɻ
˲пܣҪǽǣ鷳ˣΪǶ֪ǻ᲻ὫΧɱڳУ⣬ֻҪȴӱȶǣûа𣡡
ͯĺԣ˶һϲ֮˼ƨŸԻȥץϢ
ʱڣʯ֪ⲽ͸
ͯĺŵ̬Խ϶ˣԽңȴûкӣݾһĶݸ۳ճ̸һˣôڵһ𣿱ȻķѰ
ԽϢ鿪ʱȻǸΪսƴ翹ţȻҲ̰ºʶʱ߸ǰ̣ǰ̣ĿǰȻֻ۳ˣ
ʯ֪ش˿ɵˣ۳Ԫ˧ǰһѱһĿߣ˶ܱȫԼɰ·ߣУξ֪ģһ
үû˯
ͻһʯ֪һŤͷһֲͷӣЦһֲͷҲ˯ţ
ʱ˯ŰԽ£۳ȻܿʹˣʱҲ֪ξ񣬲϶ƢԣȻֵòˣ
ʯ֪غγֲ֪ͷָһЦǺǣͶ·һȻҪһˣʱҲҪˮ
ʯ֪غֲͷɶؽΪˣһɫԣΪ̬֮˷ָƫƫϲ̻Ůӣר֣ұеŮˣûһģ
ʱѾʮŮٸʧˣһʼʯ֪ػ֪ǽνʴֲͷ飬鵽˽ͷϣȥˡ
֪Щ˶кʯ֪غֲͷŭȴţֻ˫һգΪˡ
ʴˣǶ϶һЩ۳Ԫ˧֪λܻҪ֪λԪ˧ǻʵŮ˰
ȫ¶֪۳ŮȨأƺʲôŮƽȣֻҪŮһѧϰ볯Ϊ٣ҲͶУɱС
ؽһ۳Ů֪Ǳ٣Ǳѣѡ
ʱҾӦöɴϻ簡ʯ֪ҡͷһ̾
үҲףסƣΪսңֵҾˡֲͷο
Ǻǣû˵ûңҲҽᣬɱ˷Żɣֻ᲻ɴñѣڣǰͲöɴˣҲñѹˡ
ʯ֪֪Լһù٣ЩҲ̰˲٣Ͼ㸻ԣС̰һЩҲްͷ֪ͷϣǰĴ룬֮Ķ룬붫뱾һʵﶼףѹ£
ʯ֪ز֪һ۳ɹţ֮ܶ治ҼŹˣҪΪʷһˣ
ò˵ʯ֪ҲЩ͵ģδǣûбߣǼְⲢں̰ǽͷݵԸ
ʯ֪һƸУֲͷЩ̣ʯ֪زΪһΣ츣һүʮҲûֹʲôӣҲǰҵκˮͦʹһԿˮ
үѽ˲
ֲͷͻһ仰ʯ֪΢΢һ⻰ĺ󣬱鲻ȳһ˿ŭ⡣
ɲҪɵ°
İɣؽ磬˭ܱ찡ڳ⻹зǣֻҪҽǵķԸڳæУξҲùңѰ˻ᣬܵˣ۳Ԫ˧үй˳˼ֻĪҪ˼޹Źһ
ֲͷЩʯ֪سһ̾ۺʵˣһ·һӱһᷣ۳ڰ˻ܿģɶǰհ
һ磬ͯĺ»㱨Ʊ֣ǱӣӦӱˣ
ͯĺû뵽һ˿죬Ҳǣ˭ӵÿ졣
Էжˣͯĺʵ
̫ɢң΢ƴһ˶ѡ˵
һˣٲҪᣬǵʻʱ˵ĸ֪ǡ
⣬ǿʲôЩǵȻ֪ͯĺݴþãʶҵˣˣǷ¿ɾˡ
Ҳ֣ܿʲôͯĺЦ

֪ԼˣȷֻҪͯĺ¶棬˭֪ĻǼٵİ
ӱɢͷҲһ򳤶ѣЩӱ֮ǰӪвͬң˭Ҳʶ˭ֻ֪ܣܻݶѡ
ӱԽԽ࣬Ѿʼһ٣ǧˣһһǱãľ䣬˵ˣûٰѡ
ǰλͻȻһǱȴϴ˰꽫죬ͯĺǵȺ⣬ߺһ
߳ѣ˱ȭ˷ҽ»ͳ죬֪·
ŶԽǷԽ£ʮӪƫϣ֪ɷһĩҪѯʡ
ⲻ˼;ߣСĸȾ纮θܣϡֹԣ¼˻ƽˣ⻰ǴţҲͼӴһͯĺһȻʱ³ɻ˵ûأҲףؾʳŪʲôʴˣһ磬ͯĺͷԸٽʿ׵㣬λϡóҪװװӣ


770 ԰
Ⱦ纮ֶӣΪ˲СİԽԽ䣬λʿǶעⰡϿЦһ
ܼܲ˿û⣬ΪѹûңⲻΪ˵Ĺٽײͬ·ƺоҪҲ˾ȥңֲʲô¡
ҴԷҴźԽеݹϵƽѱĿˣ߹ϵ֮ˣǻӵģ֮ңΪ֪Ⱥм䣬ƺмʳ
ȻͬʿΪηҪڳϢѵټĺسǣڲһλ𣿡Ĺ㷽ĶϢ׻ýֵʳ
㱰ְ˵ػƽ˳ѯҲ֪ƺؽûϸҵأʴΪԷһҵڳϢںؽڰк͵оԳ֣ûǻزˡ
Ŷԭˣؽ湻СĽްڳ⣬ΪԵΪҵȶǰϧʿ֮ˣʿԼء
˵⣬оǰѾˣҪƤҪһЩʳʱͻȻĻֱӿڵҲ滹ཫʿʴ˺ؾ͵ʳǱҶԣҶӶҲûԣƽ

˻⻰мҪһˣֱ̫չˡ
˷Ƭ̣֪ʧ̬Ͻ˷֮飬ȭǾͶлλ֪䡭
Ŷҽд̣ɳƲýֻǷһССִɰˣ
ִɣ֮ǰ˵ǻͳ죬Ҳֻǫѡ
˵꣬㰲Ȼʮʿ˳Ϊ˱̫䣬ʴ˻˻׼˰æûЩ£Լȥ
˭֪ǰһƺǺüûԹһҲӲģͿУûǿЦð
ҲֹϾҲ⼸һ·Ӷˣ;ԣƼ˾ǶǶԣֱǳαǰ
лˣĸм
ǸһЦȴҲ֪⼸춼ʲôĵ⣬ڰθлȻģ
֪ʲôȻһЦûкͽʿ״ֻһŵԿ˿ɢŨĿ㣬潹ƣʰˣʮָڻ̵ϵ£˺һ㣬һðУζľ׽
Ҫһƾͺ
뵽ˣɰԼһ̰ġ
࣬˸࣬Ҳ˳Զʳʴһ軨׷𣬰װȫɢӵ˵صĽʿ
ߺⲻǻƽôҲ˰ͻȻһͬƫװĽ죬Զ˵⻰ʱѾһͳ
ȻĽ죬ֻüͷһ壬ǣ
㲻ǵ·ʮӪƫܰ
ܣŶ
֪˭˵·ʮӪ֪ԼʵҲûɶϵˣ·ʮƫǸʶ·ʮƫʶһ·Ҳʶѡ
Ȼ֪˼ʶҲòӲǣǾͺˬʵĴЦһ벻Ҳˣ֪ϻԽڣ
ϻԣǻΨһʶ·
ϻ԰һɱǾˣʱԽըϢոմһƨɾܰһ˼ҴҲ֪Ķȥˡ
Ŷϣӵݰɡ
˲ûж⣬֪ϻԣȷе̰Ҳ㾫ܶñȫԼıڲֻ֮ͣˡ
ͿһЩ洬ݣҪ²ܵʴ˻Ҳֻϣܰȫɡ
ƽӻģжٱܺ
١
٣ߺƽˣôټҲٻ٣߰ٱҲ֪ǻ
ܳһ̾䣬һûˣһ飬һ߳һߵˣզأ
˼ڻڻأ˵ˣȥһĵ磬ԼԽܣȫûӰˣ
ϲȻҲͽʿǱҪһܿ࣬һۣһȥܣֵǻôǲԶġ
ٵð½ʿǰٺˣٴһҲ١
뵽ˣʵˣģ·
ҡ˵
ңߺһǲǵԽѾɶˣҲӦ֪˰ɣƺҲ˵ҴˣЦһ
ô죿ͻȻʵ
죬һƽ۸ڶûۣ裬ȥеģܼʵûõ˸֮ˡƲƲ˵
ҵȷ˵ǰ㣬·Ľ죬·֪о죬ҲûƹģҵչǣоΪҲᷱըһ·ʴ·һϵ˵ء
ҲΪʲô˶ཫͯĺð䣬ƫƫѡⷽˡ
һԽ£Ҳ֪δʲôǲ֪һ··ཫͽʿѡֱͶ۳Ҳ˼ҼҾݣͶˣ͢Щһ֪ҵļ˿ȫ⵽һߺզҸоԾˣѽѽˣȳԣҵطһ¡
ܻûԹأͻȻ͸оһӿʲôˮƿڶƨһᣬջһŶèͳһƬݴС
ϿúЦһһ·ϣΪ˱϶ʲôɾĶ
ûһͻȻϾ͸оԾˣΪ⣬ཫʿ˸ʹ֢״һĴѰҵط׵㣬ûʱܾһ֮Żĳζ
⡭
ϸոüͷһ壬ͻȻɫһ䣬ͨķɱߵ«έУʱϡﻩһɳɢ
һĻЦˣԼҲĴ׵㡣
кҩµòǺܾȣһ̻ʣۻϣȫӣֻϸʣ֮Ÿеʡ
˿ֵ̣磬䣬⣬¥ϵУξܿһʱѾЦˣ
˵ϣͯĺıĴ׵㣬ˬĲУѾװװӷҪѳӸɡ
ڣԲһˣӱԽԽˣ磬ѾǶǧˣ˲ж۳Ҳɣ˵ǵоðģڰ˲ǿˣѵûһٶذˣ
ҲûʲôϢԻں͵оԳְôĶأ


771 
سǱУ˿һǧ˶׵ĴϷҲطļһ±紵ƨɶɴܵǽ³Ŷ׵㡣
ߺŬѹϡﻩӿسǣñǸİ𾪲ѣȫ֪ĸƨ˼ҷﶪ񰡣ըôô
٣ŵʲôζûУ
ȣ˵ˣ߰ɡ
ңé˰ɣ
͹٣⻰СԺ˭С氡
զôأ
Ķ֪Ǹڵİɣ
ιԶײڰ⻰Ҫŭַˣ˵ˣǼ⼸ˣֵС꣬һü٣һһ磬й֣ҹǽ˵ҹ˰ɡ
ƨ˹ҹ㣬ڮҺҵС꣬ҿɸ㼱˰
ι˵С˰ɣؼϴϴ
壬أȫҶӣ


ڳǽİձԹõһĴ«έ߳ɣԶҲһ߲ݴ߳ɫҲ׽ӣ˻棬⻹ûüڣͻȻ˵ı˲һҡͷֵת˻ȥ
ҪҪˣ
ϺҲѾˣҩôܱأ
ģ˭ûƨ𡣡ܻɫѾƣſſģ·ûˡ
ȣ˵ǷҸʳҲǴӺؽģǰһɵĺ°ɣ֮ǰҵĻ˵ҸȾ纮θʣϡһϣ˵ҲûˣٿҲǺؾˡϿɲɵôǷҸɵģͬӱҲȱʳܰװ˷ѵ
ҲпܷѾʳ⣬һ̫㣬оԼҲҪԼ˵汳ˣҲ˵ʲôˣϾû֤ݰ˼Ҳͦҵģο̫
ģﹷؽǺˣ
Ƹ
ƸģˣһҲֻܸɳ£ģһҪʦ顣
֮ǰƺ˵ڰͰ˵۳֣Ҳ֪ûС
ûδӲܰ׳ԣҪⲻɣܿɲںƸٽױ󣬱ϾƸҲܲԼкξ壿
˵Ƹӹ
һ˵ˣȻҪƸȻִУǸү
Уξǻˣû뵽͸ҵʳӦóôʣô࣬ѵҵӶˣ
鷳ѾǳˣڽڣҲҺ˷ŭǣ̫ˣ
˿̣УξɹܲǻѳɵסˣУξܾܿ͸ȥˣ
λҪŭʳȷЩ⣬õǰۣʴˡУξ˵ȥ꣬룬ȥҲûɣʴټһֻ꣬Ҫ˵ҩӦ
ģǰڣ˭ǰɣ
Уξ˵ãһ˵Ǹˡ
Ѿ֪ǰۣȻãǵʲôˣ
ʵǶԲסΪǺҲ漱ˣʴˡ
ķϻƸأúһУξϻֱӽӳ
񼽫ڰ͵оԳ֣ʴˡ
ٴβУξ˵꣬ߵ㻹ء
⻰û˵꣬ͻȻɫһ䣬ݺݵУξһۣҲУξǸĻˣĹ˻һȦ߳ǽ¶˶׵㣬Ҳ˲ˣһλ˹ȥѿǶ¡
ģζ˶ˣԺܻμ˰
ܶ챻ըˣκζӲʹһ̲ˮ󣬼ѵվɫ׼ٴУξû룬УξѾţһ˳
զˣҪڣ
ܿԷ̣ʵһҪƽȻ壬ڣıȷﻹܿսֻ׸ķˡ
ܷ֣Уξ˶һգҶϼһһҩ䣬֪УξسĴټˡ
ģڲҴ򣬲𣿡
ˣҲҲô򿴿Ҫ֪ϡҲ˵İ
ֱæϣͣһ˵˵ˡ
ʵǶԲ罫кҪ˵ְ㣡Уξﻹ֮ǰİھ͹㣬ܺͻǰҡβ
ϻƸ
ܻҪȴʱڵˣ취ŪһڵİͷӰɡ
ϣóаհæˣò˶ͷͳ¯ˡУξϰΧǸмĳһЦȴֻֻĿʱ￩һ£ҲǸһ䣬ƽȥͷ׼ûС
ڲԶĿһĻУξ뿪תƿͯĺס񣬵Цͯ磬ˡ
Ԫ˧ϲȻ˰æº󣡡ͯĺȻҲ˲٣жûˣǾ׼һأ
Ϻܻڳǰ̸ǲǣҶûˣȥҲ
˵ҪƸʦŪһºôûʱͻȻۼոƼΪ֮˵ףܱǴһ
㡭
ܵɴ۾һգգĿͯĺһĲš
һ겻罫ɣ
ͯĺֱĺĺӡûأû𣿾ûˣ֮ǰʲô
ܿûͯĺ°˿Ǳ䣬ĿȺǱһɨ󣬴ּ˶ʱӵ϶²⣡
ͯĺѵҵȾһսɣҲ˲˫ֱ
ϿٶһתͷȥͯĺҲһ㶣ͯĺҲϵõģû취һϲ˧ıǴˣȻʱڳں֪ҲصȥݷһΣҲ̸ʢˡ
ǰãͯĺźȻͶ۳ϻоЩ˸Уָǰ̵룬ҲܲˣֻϣպҪսɱá
ֻû뵽ⳡ˿죡
һսǺǣֻ¶λû˰ɣͯĺ˵䣬ϺѾһȺΧܵĽʿҲͯĺ˰ҲûС
ͬһʱ䣬ֱӳ˳УЩ¥ϵ֪է£ղſһɣΪǶˣ׼ͷأɽȻعͷֵѾڲˣ
ܿһĻÿҪ˫Ŀƿڴͯĺ޳ܡ
侲࣬ʵͯĺ㲻Ҫ쿪ǣ˺أΣˣЩˣƵӱֿܵģ
õ˵ֿȺףͷ֮棬ǲͯĺɵһǡ


772 ²
УξĴߴУһЩżľں棬ÿľ϶ľͰʢڵĴͷ
УξƣΪ˳ǰͬʱҲΪԽܿսʵеߡ
֪ܲصסδĵ·Ӧߣõǰ̣ܾܿҪˣУξǸӡ
ˣýɣŽС
Уξ뵽ŸƺеңкɣѵǰһָҪ˳ˣ
Уξɻ䣬Ƽ¥һһѲ֪Ķ׼
ţⶫе죬ƺǡ
Уξ뵽ͻȻ顱һ͸оؿһɾʹ

Уξҽһڵ˼£̱ڵأ۾ƺ޷ţԼôأ
ɲʱ䣬ЩУξͷɵˣ֪УξզˣɽţǾͷֶһȺֵǡ
ҪҪ
ͻȻһʯ֪شӺ˳վǰ棬үȻУξû˺Ǽˣƹǰɡ
䣬ɨһʯ֪صǲǲԣȫҪѺеط
ʯ֪ԣϲͷת±Ҫ
ЩѾǵһμʯ֪ųˣϴƸʱҲ˵ģȻҶ֪ԲԼѪԣΪ˺գǱѡ
ʯ֪ؿֻ·һֻлŲǶԵģôʲô
ʯ֪ؿѺߺ󣬱㳯ïϥү֪Уξ¶ǲԵģ

¹Ļ¹ʱ޿̰Ͳأʯ֪⻰Ȼе٣ȷˬУξ档
һ˰ͷ˹ȥָңſʯ֪ص㻹ûŪ״ҲԸ㣬ǲ۳Ľʿ

ʯ֪Ǵһ۳Ȼ۳Ľʿôģ񼽫Ǻ۳Գѵ񼽫Ҳˣ
ɲʯ֪ضˣһִʯ֪صļϣ΢۵ʯ֪죬ӲŲϹл
յ룬㽻ˣúãǲģȶΪУҸɣ
Ҳң¹ȥգ
ʯ֪˵꣬ҪȥɻĶ뿪ʯ֪أֻҪһȶһ£Դ
⣬ϺȻҲһĻǾʱԷȻУξκλᣬֱһǹɱﲻɸоһ˿⡣
ȻҶ֪ɱӺУξҪһ˳ȻˣǻУξأϾһɲʲôһǧ˲͸ˣ
ͯĺҪǿսˣܵͯĺŭ
ʶʱΪܣҲǷϻˣǽشɡͯĺɲֵط˷ʱ䣬Ҫˣغ󣬵ȴԪ˧Ԯ
ͶǺǣͯĺΪһͶ𣡡ͦˣʾֱͯĺ
ǾͶԲסˣ
ͯĺ˵ţкʿһԣ͵նס
ͯĺ㡭
ǲȻŭû뵽ͯĺȻ⣬ҪնҲ˵꣬һѣҡҡͷͯĺͯǸΪ䵽ԹΪˣȺ𣡡
ѵǲҾȺˣ
ͯĺǿɵһǣͯĺȻ֣ȴɵʱκ˻ƣ깥ϲʱκ¡˶ڷɱУҲֻôһƵУ˧죡
ͬȻԶݣǺαΪоʹ˼֪۳֮ļԥݣʴͺα֤гһգػ
ǰͯĺ侫ȴһʱڳ࣬ڣһǾԽԽߣһҲԽĽ̵ʹɳ
ͯĺ䲻˵ʲôʤҪҲ˭ѰıҲƵָı䣬ѧ⣬ԭΪΣ
ʸ֮ʱͯĺ֪ѪûãûѪûãֻҪŵȷĵطò׾ʱҪװɵӣҪʱĶ־ͱɵӣ
񣬻Ϻܾ׾پͱͯĺˣ⹦ͯĺɲȫ£ҲԪ˧񣬶ȥУξкҩǡ
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ڸߣҪ岻ʣȥϢû뵽˲ǴϲһǵĶԼֱԼƤº͵˵ÿรһҪκ壬İɻ㣬ҽܸߵģߣǻطҸ㿴
ò˵ŮҪŮˣ治˵ǰ棬Ǳǧ˰ٰ
ֻƴǼ䣬ҪҲεĵͷʱûëҲͳԼ˶ѡ
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˵룬ѾӺ汧ס˫ǰ˶ķպĥŪĺľ
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ҪƿɻδҲ̫˵ɣԼôҲѲãҪƿˡ
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֪ǵõں˻᲻ΪµҪģܴ̫ǰϵǰһֱǰ棬ԶԶ˦ں棬Īֵ˲µģ
һҹƺһҹܻż飬뿪ǡ
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οɲ˰һ׾ͱջ˰ֻеԭеԿȻӣȻҪѳסЩһȣҪǹȣʮа˾žˣ
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ҲûѯʣΪ˵˼Ҳнϰжְɡ
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ź޵ôңҲûʲô˼ˡֻɻѾľôˣǾܵģ˻ʲôأ
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ѹ˼ıʹһ˲кΪһɹɺʪε½Եɵͬʱɵɵڰοء
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Ƶװ˯ȻһЦȴҲüţղһĻֱڶһ̣Ҫȥ磬úõ侲һ£
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Ҳһ̲סꡱһЦ
Цǰϣظ粨ΰӿ׳ϧûע⵽Ŀȫͱ˸ˣ˭أȻǸˣ
һҪ⣬Żһ۳ʹŻƺŻˣԼ³δе˰ɣ
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һʱһϲһҪûúðοһ
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ҲˣŮƺŮҲȤɰһԼˣôȥͶԷһЩּΪ߳ܵء
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Լ飬⺫զ죿úúʣҲһ·ɡ
뵽ˣεƬ̣ŮûԱԼȥңҲõȻȥ׼׼
ɵŻһ·ѯһ·˺ſڣ⻹ûţʹ
ǲǣûԹĶ֪أͲҪƭԼˣ֪ԹһϲϵģǰҲ㣬ҳԹ󣬼ֱһʰ
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һԵĻˣɫЩˣ԰ͺʲô˵Ĺأ
컯հǬľУ
ԼҹٰͣվҪ˱ˣ⻹һŮˣǿ벻̣Ҳ̡
ˣҪŶ룬Ȼ뵽ЩףԲںɺܲӣţ鷿ˣš
ʸ⻰һˤڵء
УڿͻȻԣʱһϲҪȴ뵽˿ô˿ˣҲ˵˰
֪Ӧô죬ȴεĻ΢΢һɿæʰ·ٵĴϡ
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˿ЦһһҲһЦԴӣеⰡ
䲻ȴֱ֧˸ٺϵģģΪ˸ܶһףٺϣֱӾǶϧ
εĴ߳αǸһЦû˸֪ԼȻҪȥһˣѯʲôҪģԼ
ֻҪóţ;ԲŵŮˣһ˵ϧ˰ҲΪˣŻὥţͻʲô鷳
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һ·˼ǧתκͺ֪䣬ѾãͻȻʶƺҲЩˡ
ȫ޵û䣬֮ǰͰ·ˣڹ˼죬轵㲼Բ֧Ź죡
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ƺҲ£ʶĵͷνУɵ֪ǴҪ·󣬶ʱЩʧˡ
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лһ߽ͣһ߻Ȱ˵úǵͷͬ⣬ʼѡ·
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㣬õҰװã˶ʮֹ뷴ڣֿ첽̣߳ٶõҶһɣΪθǼأ鿴ȷ˿
ӹǺ˵ģһûожۣǻˣƺһۣҲȻˣ
Ҫͺͨٲڻšź濴СƵζˣȻǹ۰
ЩǸ⣬˼һƺ²ĺһЦҲֻСͻ˵Ǹ
ѣһţƺѹûǹȥ⣬һ·ǻϲ˵˵ЦЦҲʮʶȤվڻʸ棬һ߽ͣһ߷룬湻ְҵ
ֱϦ£ŻصУζûڣⲻ͸֪CӵȺʱˣ
κ⣬û뵽C˿죬ΪҪȼء
úȻطαֱȥãһβüһΪCоȻһϤˣܣ
ʲôʱǣβ֪һĿģ
ܿɲǰֵȻڳ֣ܿѾǣβǶģ粻·¶棬ƫƫѡԼCӴ󲻾ãˣ˾ֵˣͺCӴԼѰͻƿڣǰߣüֵܾͲˣǺߣεĻȨɾҪˣ


786 ö
CǲΣˣҹŴӦҪ۳ʹӴվΥ˼ֵ֪ܵĸȻˡ
ҹǰŴӹصظž˸CҲŹȴϤ֪۳ʹϵУҲͬһ
Cҹ࣬˿νͶϰһ¶⣬ɹŵѹ֮£
⵵ºCҲ±˵лˣٴεס
ˣղһǺǡȿڵ
ֽ˵ЦˣǱ治䣬ڱ䰡εЦ
Ŷ֪Ŀڱ䰡ζ
Ůģ

һ⻰ܶʱˣCƺʲôһЦĪΪٴι˴ˣ
ԣʱCһ֪ͺõı飬ҡͷһ̾ͲС˰ɣ֪ĳ˼ң
ҲҪ˼ҿҪǰCԼõĻ£ҲͷޱȰ
˵Ҫǳóǻûʲôֻܹү߸ĸˣƫƫò绨޹ȺȴǼ˵Ⱥã˭ҪǰȢ˼ңǲҵù
ˣˣ˷ǰҿðżΣհC̾һ
Ŷ˻üһ
˲֪󣬱æ빬һ֣Ȼ۳ʹܾ̾һ
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뵽ܾҲ֪ѼһӦǶԷøֽУһھܾǣͬǸһⰡҲͬڸ۳һǴ⣡
ֱӰ˵ﵽǺ޴飬ЦصܳУֱӰ˼ô㣿ôյĹңҵˣ㣬ʣ˭Ǵ򽻵
վԽߣԽں棬ŲɣЩ˵Լӵײμ࣬ѣԼһȫûʲôԵˣһ˵Ǳ˭ں棡
ϣѾˣҲпΪɹŸѹ̫η壬µɹţ֮ߣ϶ɹܰһͳ˾ҲĸԸ˼ɹֲ˹ָֻţֻҪÿŪһЩزȥɵñˡ
룬ЩѾҪˣΪԼ
α粻CǸһЦǸǸӣ볯¸вκϣ
Cˣ֪ˡεЦ
̫˹ϣʵҲ֮аܺȻڵ
ǰסεͷֵˣҲ׼һ£뿪ˡ
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Ǻǣ˺α֪أCһƣһ죬Ц̫֪ˣ
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кֹܶϵһ֣˭˵ף
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εȻһЦͷǰֻһټɹŶԿ𣿡
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ɱҲƾնãȲ˵ûʽ𣬾УҲö֮бɣ⻹ͬ췴ˣ˾˵ɹҲҪǣ
ôҪıΨһĿԾҪӽˣ
ǽӣµĵ⽫죬𿡳ʲô⣬𿡵ҪסƣҲҪܿϲˣ
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ܺCֱ׵ĻһһЦC˹Ǵϻ۹˰ʲôҲ㣡
ǵȷдӽжȨ˼ϣ˶ܳαȭ
˼CܶĿ֪ô룬ȴ֪ڿʲôϾû·λкܶ·Ȼǲ֪λ۳ʹ۳ʸǰ£
⵹ǲѣ
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˴δ⡭
ܻ˵ʲôαڰֵͷҸ֪񽫾¾C뵣ģֽҲֻҪҼҽһϸڼɣ
䲻֪Ϊ˸ƶϵ𿡣ʶ۳ǹ֮ҲȻˡ
ӵһı񾰲ǧˣӱϿѹһͷģֶϿͻ˵սԣлǹĸΪǿ
л洩ߣҪϽ𿡵ȷѣѵǽӦô죿Ƕ˽𿡣ȫ޵ңһɹųûΣˣ
Щ飬ҲܾģһCɫˣ±ģȸȥڸ͵͵ס£ĿǰҲڿع⣬ɷԱλҪң
ζǱɹץȥǹڣܣȻֱնˣ
ڶ죬ٴμ棬ĵطڸУžӣ
һǰ˼ˣԣѸϸöط޷¾⣬ѽʼУɺأܺCϣҪһЩˣЩˣοûˣ۳ֱʲô㶨ˣز죬ǰ֪ޣҲܿϣˡ
˴죬Ҳûг̸꣬ҪɵλصʱȻĳ


787 
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һ磬ٻᰲӴ˽
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˸ĳһصУˡ
벻ͻȻҪˣǳԤϰʢЦ
ҸоӦòǱ˼򵥣ü
û³εͷ
ѵCûаǵ֪ʢ²
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˵꣬Ťͷεˣô
˳ĬҲûдȴãһǰžܾҼ棬˹ټڱʹˣһҴȥʹȻǾһ
ô죿ҹӳΣʢǵ
òҪҡҡͷֵԣѾˣһһڶԷأӵģ
ǰѣһӲֱӱ¶ҵ򲻿ɡ
ҡҡͷ˼Щңû뵽Ŀ˿죬û˿׼ҪǺCˣһе֪롣
ȻβţϳˣԷȡɱҲϷŹֻ·һˡ
֮ǰһ·̫˳κ⣬ľܾټָı⣬ԣڱ˲ٿţˣɹŻ˭
ڸɹô֪ģζܲ³ˣϾֻǲ£һԣ
ЩС£ںڽòںǿһ⣬ֲˣ˺пܣƭԼǰ
𿡺ɹŵĹϵˮôΪɹ˰أ
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˵ĵ˱ѣ仰ûǻһأǰһжģ
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֮˴£´֣޷ǾҪץסڵǹԭҪٵһ꣬۳ڳţǧʱɹֻ۳Ҫչˡ
Ҳ˵Լɹź۳սУҪˣ
ֻһӣץԼ氡ľ֣
βò̾Էü֮Ƿʤ
ô֪ھԼأ֪ԼùΪ٣ǲᵣģԼҸˣԻܱץסɱˣȻ;Զɺ⣬սƽٻ۳Ѿ֪ˣֻҪһʱ䣬ɹҲûлᡣ
뵽ͻȻһѣ
ڵӪ裬ʮǿ϶ܲˣ˺βһأ
ˡʢݡȡ
ͻȻ֣Զһ㶣뿪ıȭְڣкηԸ
׼һ£սݡ취ȳǣϳʮһջܵǣȻһ˸֪ܵģˡʢǻһ£飬ҲҪ취ȫ޵˭ȫȥһҪ֪񾰼֣취˽𿡣ϸڷ棬ѾֵĲˣܻͲ񾰵ġ
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˵꣬һ䣺Ѿˣ֮ǡ
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Ŷˣ˼Ҳᵣİɣûʲôϵ
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ܽҹҪžӹҹģʴ֪ԼҪˡ
ҲܼˣԼ϶ҪˣںǺܵľ֪Լ󣬾ҲҰ
ŻȥͻȻоһ˿꣬Щ˸С
֪ʱղˣеɣϱ̫ͻȻˣԼ֪ôţˣһ·ңҲһ֮֮ϵθоԼֵˣֻǡΪʲô˲أ
ⲻᣬĵλȨݣ粡ӷ׬Bǣһ۶ûĺӣ
ҴһԶǧ޾˼
˼޿֪һ
һ̣ĵĻǻ˸С
飡
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عͷޱĿСǹͣȻЦһ֪֮ˣȤడ
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ţһ·ģζˤˣһǲϷ֣󶼸ץˣòϣֻ֡ů
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ʰϵķˣͻȻ䷢ſӰ϶ӦǴ˻ˣոŤͷȥЦ˲ͽˡ
ǣ𣿡֪Ϊʲôǣ֣˲Ʊһ㡣

ͻȻŽĺ˵ţҲûöֱץס֣Űֺ֣ʮָһ
Ů㵼εȻһЦԺ󰡣͸
˵⣬ֿҲ͹ˣʲô£ʲôίСҲŹģ
Ůûףɿֺת뿪ãһɻ󲻽Ů
ŮĿͬʱһʰ棬ȴƺΪһ仰סͷ


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ͷһڰһװ⣬ԺѩϣһĽӡ
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ҽСı¸߻֣ˣҪɾ˰Լòײźͻǣֵģɲ
̫˵ˣ˭ĹܷŹҲˣмˣŪ߲ˣζడ
ϻ㡣
ɹ˸һοɺ۳ʹˣǶҪն
ɷ˵ɾƹδֹһƿţֱӴ˽ȥ
ǽһǣͻȻоһ˲䣬ֵҰһһı˳ʱɵˣͬʱҲһĬĬ˷Ӷ
֮󣬷䵹˷ҲѾǸֻûͷĳѪˡ
ˣûУ
Ҳûдˡ
ܿ죬ûյɾ㼯й㱨Ϊ׵Ľüͷһһ磬Ƽһ񣬶ʱּˡ
˰ʹðǿǹȻ˵
ߣֻǴɹŵĹ
ɾһ磬ҪҲˣֱӵǰ档
ˣʹð

ܿͱɾȥ
ɾƹ磬ֻ濴һۣʱ͸оһͣԼʲôˡ
ֻֻһľͰ˿ͰУڣ֮Уһλ˫¶续ɵľɫˣ˫ֱأԲۣ㶵Ŀ
ɾĿŮʪһɨ䵽·ɫ˫ּѹԲʱڵ貿ۼףȻĶ˶
Ǹ
ɾҲЩȻˣ̫ݣΪεˣںľӣ˼һ㿴ӣȥɺܿͷõ
ˣûʲô쳣߰ɡɾ˵꣬㾶ֱ߳С
ȻҶ׷׽ϡ
ˡֱǸˡְҲǱƲѰ
һһϹϰ춼û˳䣬ʱһҹ
Űˡ


792 ˰
ίǰδеί
ôˣԼʲôǹ
֮ǰ˸ˣб˸װЩöԷˡ
ҲǵõοƽҲֻȥŮ˵·ûбŮ˸·Ů˻ƯػѵýһѸ٣̫Ｑˣ
뵽⣬ʱ˫־Ϳʼʵˡ
Ҳ֪ϵ̫ɺϣһ֮£ȻһδδĶӲģִִģһдӲ
ʲô
̲ססŪ£ʱһαǸ깬ŮֱӴˮͰվ
һͷʱһΪŮ˺ݺݵԼһۣˣѾʲôŮ˰һһһȻ
ο飬˲ͲˣʱһĨ̯һʱ￩һ¡
ױˣ
ȻֹһװˣһҲͬȲѣ̫֪һ䣬Ĺ
֮䣬˵ûУСһѵģ˱֣Ȼͬڱץסѱˣ
ô죬ˣ
뵽⣬ʱͷˣװ磬ɲҪ뿪ʹͬʱҲҪ뿪ǣҪû뿪ǣˣҰ֪߲ˡ
ɱˣ
붼ûɲʲôΪԼɱ޹ˣCCԴ簮ԣɱCԻ۳Ŀɳģ
β۳Уʴ뷨һֱֱ֣ˡ
ηľͰ깬ŮҲ˳ľͰȻӵҲˡ
ŮһԣοŻ㶷һʪҲһҪ㣬еڶ֪ҲҪ
Żһ䣬һĨӵƣ
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ͻȻһмбΣϵЦ⣬Ҫɪжɪҧøˡ
һֱӴľͰվҲ±οˣֲ֪һαʲô
ƵĴȡԡһ߲ãһ߻ͣдб۾ҳ
Ǿܲסˣһת߳磬ûмųȥ˭֪滹жɾأԼڻʪܵģɲйء
¹ŮķΣ滹Լʱ·鼱֮²û·׼ʱָжõģڽɴҲѰ·ǵǹıأá
·ȫºֻһãŴϵıӲӣ䣬ʪ׸ðɲˡ
û뵽ԼʱѾľȻһɰһ
ֽʲôأŵҲ˲ˣֱܵڣȥ鿴ֱȷû˹ʱɿ
ȷǱһû뵽ϸƤ۳ʹȻĵ˺һͲֹʮǾ˶սпɱܻһҫ
˰̻ѿҪôģ͵ɱ˷ŻǾȡñ۳ʹõЩ𣡺ԣǴսģ
ʦһþɳϽҲû۳ʹ˶˰̣ʦߣӣֱָϵĵ̺ۣÿһ˰ľһһʤ̾ϸֵҫ֮УܸȾҲ֮о˰رĺÿ
﹫ǣмģȫİװֵģϸƤģž
ҲΪʲôûȤĹϵˣΪӴˣЩ幫Ӹ磬ʦˣУҲǳòզΣ˰ٺÿҫ֮У㳤òզΣ˿žûоҪôӴ
ò˵һȿŮˣͬϲŮһٺãþ㲻Ǿ޳ޱȣֻƽƽҲ˸оƽˣ᲻
һͷͿϵ˰̣ɵЦһŮˣЩҲͰɡ
֪Ҳֻ߶һˣͽʵһŮͨԣѾ˵ԼԵĵһˣЩλ
һΪ˵õһŮˣҲҪһ˵Щģθ˿϶ȫΪ˵̫ˣ̫˽ˣҪ˵ûˣţ
ûβӣΣѰ·أû뵽һŤͷͷһ׸ɾ·ЦеĿ

ڷǼ鼴ңѾøľŮװλ
ٴٿңⷿѾղŵɾˣ˿̺ңҷ·Ҳ°ɲ٣Ƿ˰죬Ȼûһ˵·
Ҳˣ˼ҹ޹˵·
ŷͣ
ͻȻѧźС죬·ݸ

һֱߵԼ·ԣץšɣһطš
ŷŷ͡
ܹŮװĿ
ֺЦѾҲ̫˰ɡ

صĻһ䣬ߵ飬һϡ
ƺϰݣߣֹ˵һȫķϻ
ιŴ£ĵȴ
һ죬Ҳȷˣҹｫһ£·ˣ뿪طŪһװϣǲǰģǶ࡭˰
αϾЩĵģҲްˣ˭Ⱳӵһأۻء
Ϊ˴ָָ깬ŮŮˮˣûѣˣҲ˲ٴλ
ŷ̻أҸղˮڳˮѾ轵ʱӣѣҪɡ
׺Ҳû˼Ȱ˵ˣϽ깬Ů󣬿ʼӻ·
æŹŮ߳ǰŬŬ죬ʶȤľűӣߵһǰ¡
ղһֱעĶ깬ŮŪˣȻҪ˲ȥ깬Ů·˳ŵϣԣҲεĹǡ
Ȼ˴ϻۣΪʲô޴أ
ź깬ŮӲ֪˭ӵıñùŮϣⲻЦе˻ֿʼŮװ߶ˡȻѾƺûİ
ѧźһŷŷ͡ĽαòУҪѾһˡ
ˣҲ֪𣡡һһ
ƺˣֻ·һһܵǰīֽ˻󲻾ãһֽд˼ŤŤĴ֡
Ƴһۣʱͺˡ
զˣ
û뵽д֣ҲˣʱûԼ֣õûǺ֣ΪѧһҲ
ֻǣ˼ֽдţ·Ҵ뿪
һ˲䣬ֻо˶ˣ˼ѹû˼С֮ĶȾӡŶȹ֮


793 ˳
ĿɿڴĿͭǰһ㣬֮󣬾ȫһˣ
߰ɡ
ĨĨǣȷͭеԼûתȻһЦ
˲ɵˣ֮ǰͭ￴Ѿ˼ˣֱʱоӵ𺳣ֻŪŪͷüͿͿ۽ëʲôģüӢ˲ͱģ֮֬˫ӡϴ֬ȫͻһ˰
ˡһ˵˾ȫĻ
֪۳ʹΪʲôɴ̿ͣϾ֪ɹź͸ĹϵҲCе֪ɹź۳ͬˮĹϵȻҪɹˡ
Σɹ֪ˣȻӰɹź͸ĹϵĲ˵ξһ㣬Ըְġ
Ĵ죬ðŮһ·ߵĳͨˣ֮ǰͻȻˮһ·ɾ͹͢ûпһ
ǡ
ǰ
ôܳȥüͷһŽ
ֻ̫ӷԸˣκҪ뿪ʹҪͨõ׿Ϻ󣬲뿪ŽЦ
Ƣɲãʱˡ
ǵװѲҵˣҰûعصĸ󣬽Ȼӣǵ˲˵ҹȻԡʱ򣬴ҵ޹⻰û˵ˡ
ݺݵĶŽ죬һͨˣ⽫ʱɵˡ
֪һعҲ֪ȷΪ̿ͣȥˣôҲû뵽Ȼ˸ڹԡʱ޹˵ĵδ̫˰ɣ
ˣղڽС˵˴ˣԼһһѾı飬ĪǾ£
뵽ڽԾǸǱѲģŽɫЩˡ
飬˵ʵһŮϴǱ˿˶ѣ˵ССȥҪ֪Ů˲δޣݣһ˵ˣͬڹܰǹҵĹȻû޳ȥ˸ˣҪڹЦ
ңʹȫģɲЩ͹͢鴫ȥͷһģȻǰ
Žԣ亹ðˡ
ˡұض֪̫ӣϣҪȥ

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ΪһᵽҴȫµ֪ϴʱ˿һˣ
ְ˼ŽʱˣҲϣ鲻ҪִˣŸԴҲʴ˵ʱûԣֱӸ˳Ūһΰ
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һ·ߣǽϣЩĸɶأƺе˰
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飬˭Ҳܴȥ˭ҲˣŽתߵ
˵꣬ӦŵֵǼأҪٸκ뿪ȥ̫ӣ
̫ӵˣʴ˸뿪ͱ˿ӵ飬Ҫ̫֪Ϣ¶ȥȥǾ͵ŵԴɣ
Ž첻Լ˶죬ΪҶһϵˣûܻɹǱ߾Ͳһˣһǵ˱˻ԣô˴ǿǡҪ
뿪ʹֱܳһ֣ɿû뵽˳뿴йϵˣȷͲһˣЧʲһߡ֮ڹϹתƣµı·ǿ˺ֹǧٱ
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ʵҲһ人ãллЩȽף۳ʹлˣЩС⡣
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׼дǰ³Լ취ɸոնʣûīˡ
ζʱͿǿ㶷ôôƯҪǸŮĸҶð
ȡ
οһžѣʱһ죬ø˵һ䣺ôˣֽддȴֻеī֣ˡ
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᲻֪ģǻûʲô˼ŮӼҶˣԼƺе
ʴˣҲ͸ɴ³ͷʾʱֱëͷˢˢ

ͻľٶһŭĵΡ
οЦ˼ҲͷëˢˢֻëûнӴͷˣƺʲôʱһƬѪ죬̲סץסεĴȣݺݵ
ΰҪ죬϶һưѾȷˣڣҲɶԷСƢˡ
ν֣סˣг¶һ˿ӣǲ⣿ǲ᣿
ûע⣬׼ȥͻȻס
ţŤͷ
ҡҡͷùֽŤŤдһ䣺
⡭
˼ͻȻָϵ·
ŻȻȻװˣװǹŮķΰһŮڹ⣬ǴŹŮװһֻһˣеడ
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գξ͵ͷ
Դȥ󣬾뿪ʹˣסԺӾCĸۡԶҲCѡģɴ˿ɼö˵Ĺϵȷ
ˣĸײͬ⣬ΪҲ֪ԼŮЩ⣬Ҫ޳ȥܾˣʵܲĴߴ٣뿪ʹġ
һϣԲԭǰעعأޣǾԳסģһǵİȫ⣬һ棬Ҳ·Է
Ҳɵİɣ
θĸۡ󣬸ŲãͻȻ˹š
üͷһ壬ߵǰ˿ţ˺һ
οˣʱһ㶣ЦŹȥͶԷ̸䣬ƺԼһװ󣬱Ӳˣ


794 ־
һ󣬲ŵ֪ҲڹУǵ׼ȥʱȴ´˷浣ڹء
C˵ţ븮У¿һۣȷû˿
Cʱί̲סۿıԹ˵أ㲻֪ڹʲô飬ǣǡء
ϾŮ˰һδ޵ŮˣȻЩܱ뺷ʵֻһСŮ˰ˣǲűǱ˿ӣ췢̫࣬ڿһοԼˣĶ̵ס
οѾͷͻȻˣȻɻȴҲǺûᣬǺ˵䣬͵͵뿪ǰԺҸطжױȥ
ίأҪ֪磬һͷ㷢βˡ
ôˣCõľٶЩɻ
ǸǸ۳ʹһģҴ֪ˡ֪Լ۳ʹϵԲŸ
˵ˣ
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ڡ
ͷ㶵ĿźӰǰԺĶ֪ղŻˣĶȥˣ
ѽ㲻ҿЦɡCͻȻ뵽ϲЦģûİһۡ

ʱ͸оίˣǴģôͲأѵһֱԼĻþ
ò²䣬λһжװĴ߳˿̵һЩ˿ϻˮ
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Cã߳κ󣬶ʱɴ۾
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ȻҪ뿪ǡ
뿪ǣ
Cüͷһ壬˵ףˣڿѾˣպ⣬ҲģҪһʧİȫ뿪ҪȰϣ
꣡
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ʱ䣬۳ɹŵս»ᷢչʲôӣ޷֪ˣCռ鱨һһأһ¶ȥˣɵȲ𰡡
ûкúĻʵʵӣӳ£лŮУˣݳǷصסţγûУ粻᲻ȥЩ֪
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ŶĪǴ뵽뿪ļƲˣCһ㶵
ʲôƲ߰ţһ˵֪󣬶˻Ӻ͹һǳ뿪Ϊ
˵ﻰʵ֮ˣģĪ˵꣬ʮҲܱ㰲ȻCص
лC⣬ĻҪҪȥʴһǳ뿪ɡǾˣC˵ʲôҪ뿪
⡭ðɣ⼸ɾ󣬷̫˻ȵȼհɡCȰ˵
Ҳż죬ҲȡһЩʱ䡣
εͷͬˣCЦЦǴøоסɱﰲȫˣ
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ǹɵĵͷC㶣Լÿ϶ҪҪ֪ʹвСìܣǰεĽԼأզˣӳʹӦԼס£ֱ̫ˡ
CҲںЩֻҪôӦˣǱʲôá
C֪һŷУɶ˵鰡
̫ˣŹȥһʱ䣬˲ˣ̸ֹҲˣϷĻֵĻǣԼڿжĴΪʲôȫû֮ǰĸоһԺ˲һƯļŮˣ
ο㣬ҲöɵãC뿪ˣѾĻڶ㶳оܲоëëġ
㳤ˣû
˵ʲô
εĻĻĶö
Ƭֱ̣οˣųӻ֣ʾš
һ·һ᷿⣬Žȥֹ˵һЩȫĻ;ֱ뿪ˡ
֪ԼסĴһۣҪϢһ£ͻȻֱƿˣһŮ߽ʺһʳ̷±ת뿪ˡ
𣬴ûԶ֮ǰڽŸˡڿʳ֪Լˡ
ĳһ߳ɱαϴϢ
˿̣ﰲĵ˯ⲻ֪Ϊ飬ҪƵˡ
ôûҵѵʧ˲ɣ̶ɫĿһ¡
ǵȷȫˣ˵ܲ˵ĵطû˵Ĵ̳ѹˣûз۳ʹӰ
̶üͷ尡ڿɺ뿪ʹѾǰľӪѲεȫȨˣ޷ɱˣôɺԼıȻ󽵰
ǧһ˶Ҳȥ̶Ҳûھˡ
۳ʹܳʹ˰ɣ
̶µĻҡҡͷܣʹͱǷˣҲɲȥ
˹͢ðȥأûȥʹڹ͢аҪ֪ǴǵҲǵĸﰡҸڣ۳ʹĻУǡ
԰
̶ȻһĴ˷ܵôû뵽أðСӣܺãȥһ飡
˿̸ո˯û뵽ͱ̶ˣʮֲˬ
ȷηɹţⲻͲɹŭ⣬෴ɹŵĺ޲һģֻΪ˱ȫԼȫϵĽô죿
ƣŶѾϰĴڣֻҪ춯Ȼڵһʱ֪
̶޹⣬̶ֱӰҪ˳ٵķüͷ尡
һҵūʹˣҶ˵ѻʹͬʱȫϣҲԼܣҵʲô°ôˣһأ
бԹǧȴһЦĵͷúã̶ȵȣ֪ͨǣǰĹ㳡ϼ
ţˡ̶ͷıȭתҲȥˣ׼һ﹬͢
ǣһֱ鵽˶۵òкһѲϢ̶ˡ
Ǽһ﾿ܵȥˣҷשһķҲҪڳ


795 ˾߲
һоˬ뵽ԼĴɳ̾һ
ϴŶʱһΪȻһŮˣ
ĸۡŮ˺֣ܲŮôҲ벻ĺ
˿̵ĺһϮ°׳ȹŰȦѩ׵ëĵһ·˿ԺеĻѩһ壬̻ɵһѩͼ
ôˣѵѾͷ˿죿ҿҪˣ
գ㿴ƺҲոշһ϶ʱº͵Цݣ֮崺硣
ˣͷ߹ֵҹ֪Ҳ⸮ϢһȺˣԴ˵ĹУǺǡ
͹ˣЩ㵵
ŶԴ˽ֽ뿪֪󣬾ֱӽǰŵˡͷ͵
εͷһν׶༪٣ԼƺҲеģʴ빬ǰ㻤ȥ֪ͨܣúðٺڽ𿡸ۡ»⵽ɾľв϶Ҫھˡ
ֻû뵽ֱӰѺԼлԵɺۡҲٴλˡ
Ȼֻǹȥһ죬θоȴʮֳã䲻֪룬ı鿴ƺҲое˰ɡ
˺ãԺǾסˡεЦ
Ǹã˵쿪˿ˣĴɾͷɵӣ֪۳ʹڴ빬ɾĴѲ飬ԣܿй
˰ɣò˶þӦûȥˣˣȥ㶫Ȼ͵ǰ·ֱߵĿջЩǡ
εĻͷ΢΢һ٣㶵ĽӹһԪãͷõģС϶ȥ׼
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ͷ뿪תͷ㿴Ķ
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֪ΪΣͻȻоһЩᣬָоǰʱҪ뿪ˣһ˵ĸоƺ뵽ԺҲһˣͶµûš
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֪Ҫô죬ѾдҪ˵ɿŻ۰Ͱ͵ԼЩԥˡ
ʱѾ߳ã뿪ͻȻ˹
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ǺǣҲˣúñס
˵һεҲûˣȻ֪CҲΣΪˣŲ£Ǹ۱˵ˣˮ飬ǴҲ
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ͺദһ£һֻչԼŪһֺݲ˵ĸӣǸ˾ĶԼһԽڸںߣλòΪƵɷǻǻһƽСӰɡ
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˺ܼ׷ȴסˡ
ŷ͡
ͻȻͿˣŮˮһ㣬ϲᣬŮ˵ᣬǶԸ˵ĴɱرƯŮˣ
ûлͷһۣǴ󲽶С
Ӱʧ⣬ã޷ֹס
ЩˣҲ̫˰ɣѻŪʲôˣ˵ãҲҪߣ
۳꣬ʮĩ
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ɾڴΪԶҲ׷ʱͻȻ䣬ߵĺڵƺըһƬ𻨣ͷ׶ãţ·׹ȥ

̶սǰͷ󣬶ʱϲ
ҹȻǰⶫķɲԶ
̶գȫΧǰɽƣҪŹһһľҷ׳죡
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ǵĿɺεȷǳһ޴ɳˣɴ˿ɼ̽ӻ㱨ʱ˵ԼõܾܿǴ˷˵
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ʵɸֱڣҲûɱεĴ㣬ΪʸΪԼã¹ԭкѣưȫҲΰɣ
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˿̣Ȼ˰أһŮȴ⣬֮ǰյϢ̿Ѿ뿪㳲ˣҲûãǵðոӲá
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ңθղŵı飬ȷϲðױȵϲð
Ҫ֪Ϊ˲ٿأð˼Σհ޷ʱ䣬пܷ󣬺ĿҲпһ˳ŹܵգֱӵȼͰըˣҲûлˣ
ڣһκ˳Ҳؾȥˣβأ
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û뵽ξȻˮۣѡߣҪ֪·ͬͨɹŵĵؽ磡
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ʱ̶ŵһսã粻
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ѣѷΧ̶˵ֵ꣬ǹЩʰ˵Ӫｻɺ
ڵսã̶Ǻصģûвᣬ˰ɢɢȫռˣ͵УʱɺȻᰲŹ鿴а취ܸԭս
һ̶ʧˣЩյ̫ףûʣһ壬ɹҲܸԭˣ̶ʧģʼûб֣
һﵽӵˣȻ׷ʱȥ˺ܳʱ䣬Ͼ˰ٶȲ̫죬ӡҲûУɸѲˡ
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ǰȷȷʵʵǸˣ̶϶
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⡭Ӧİɣ˺ӳǵĻᣬܻŸ˰
޴
ɸͻȻһǶΪ뿪ˣ⿪Ȼ÷ˣһԴҡڵ߳ȥ𣡡

̶ŻȻ򣬶ʱڵﰡ
ѣԿΪģ˳ȥѣֱѵΪֹ
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̶оԼ֮ǰѾЩˣɺͿɺһȣֻСưûмޣֻѵΪֹһҪķѶͲ


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һеİţ˵޷죬Ϊʲôʧˣ
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ΡȻͻȻĵһ۷ʤӥ
ô˵дʤӥӵıģ˶ĺôԼԼڲ˵ͳɹˣ
ȻʤӥҲֻ̰ͼЩǹͻƽҪΣ治ңûǣԷڵİһһСİԼһԼ˭߿ȥ
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ԽԽͿûѯʣΪ֪ɺ˵׵ġ
ֻǰû뵽ɺ飬ȻĹ֣
ֻ֣Ǹɱ˶ѣܼ򵥣ҪģɱһˣݺͰݵĺ˰
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798 ܻȫ
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ӦĻǹҲһǧ֧ңֱ˽ǹ󣬲ףⶫʹģҪӵӵǼʸǰͬ˺۳һͭ
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أ𣿡ͻȻʵ
¹ٻǰȥֽ̽ĲûãˣҪҲԭԽԽ䣬ֽյĺͻ̿Ƶġһ칧
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仰һǺĶʲôȥ˿׼ı·ˣʱ𿡹ȥǱȻᱻ𴩰
뵽ʢŭ֮Լ϶Ҫ꣬Ľе󽫾æȥֽҲòˣ˴󽫾֪Ϊ˽ֽ
ָоʣ𿡲ҪӦǲڼܵģԸ񣬸ȥΪһ±ۣȻɶӣҲΪǸɶӣڽҪ׷һˣʴ˶ܣԽԽˣȨͶʱǰ
ȻҪ۳ǰˡҲǹǵõˣɹûиӵЩһͭɹͻȻϾԣԷǲ׼سŵˣȻҪȥ۳֣ϵӶ۳ӵ
ڽ𿡿Ǻˣ˾ǷŲӣȥ񾰣ǴҲܵģõǹӵôΨһİ취ǴѰͻƿڣϾ˵ܺ۳˹ϵȥԼ÷棬ܴٽ˫ϵ·ǹ֧
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𿡺ɹ˺飬ʱüĿ𿡼ֱ޴ۻǹļɹĶ۳Ķ֣кõĲƫƫҪɹŵģǴʲô
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ֵĹͣҲֱӱ𿡲Ծĸˣ֪Щӵǿӽ۳ˮãûͷͬ⣬ָ𣡼Ȼˣ׹Ըģ˭ģ
Щӵ˵Уýʿϰǹʱû죬ܽĲˣ
ָо춼ںΪǻˣ
󣬴Щ֪ˡ
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Ǹˣǳ׵ıɹﵽͷˣΪǰѸȫƵɹǰūͰôݶҪҧˡ
ܣǴ֣ڻ𿡵ҪԭʵΪһֱֺɹ翹Ĵ󽫣սԸɿŹƼҲԲ˵ͷҲǴֵʵ뷨
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ڣִ֪Cǵ뷨һҲ׼ҪȫCƷһУǱزٵģһ۳ȫ֧֣ҪƷ𿡣
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ȫ޵ͬһʵۣ߱ضǣ춯ֻ֪ܲҪһ֯ԼֱӰǶɱҡУ̫ˣ
أǲ۳
뵽һ㣬ԾԾ


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ǰҲֽ֪Ѿ͜CӴЭ飬ôҲҪؾҲܺڣֻ֪ƻȥˣⲻԳ˵ʵ
ȣҲֲǣһҲڷЩˣ£ӵѣֵµĻǹʱҲɲ򡣡
ͷ⼸ս𿡾ڼǿǹѵҹۿ󣬷ֶʱ޷óˡ
һϸڷ棬ѾC˺ܳʱ䣬ƻˣҪʹֵǵļƻƬ̣ҲһЩ顣
ֵĽ飬оܿУİ
ܱĵǰȥͲ񾰼档
񾰴˿˵˵Ļ֪ʸȻҪڿǣһ빬񾰾͸оˡ
ôҲȰȰʸЩԹ
ʸݺεҪԼյأʵ̫ˣò񾰶뱩һˣ֪ԼǶ֣ҲҪ֪۵ζ
ҵȺγȰʸ˵ˣȥʹҲ޷뿪ǣǸܻ֪ˣڵ֮𿡣ͳ𿡵ıɱؿǣ
ֻˣ
ҡҡͷƻ˳ܵõ𿡱ʱҲܱҺʿ⣬ʱˡ
һ˵뿪ǣѾȥˣ˭֪ڻʸôˣһʶݣ֪
ܽ
ڲ񾰵Ǽ䣬ͻȻһ񣬵ϥ¹򹧾˵
Ŷոջң
Ѿӻ˿е֪ܻģֻǵŷֿ
һ£㵭Ȼ
ܴڣŲһȭ񽫾ɷӻ֪ˣ
ҲܱȭÿΣϸڣֽ
ǵȻCӺʹѾϸֹˣ˴жϣɲ񽫾ȷ棬𿡣Ƚ𿡰űʱҽ֮
ŶֽҪԶ֣˿ϴˣǺǡȻЦȴһ˿⣬ȻԽ𿡵ΪǲݣҲҪȥҪ֪ܿǽ𿡵ĸɶӣ֮߱ˣʲôɫ
ףߣ񽫾֪𿡵Ĺϵʵǰ㣬ȷȻûн𿡣һͱɱˣҵȷжЩҲ٣ӵֹرǽɹſսʾɱУ䲻˵ʤܣҲɾֹ⣬ֵµֵ˵ˣ𿡲οһҵƴԭΪΪ˸Ľȴº֪̥ȻûշƷңԼƵۣȴ治ףߣܱҪˣ
ܲ飬񾰲֪˵ʲôȷܲס𿡵ΪˣҪ˵ϧȻϵ
ˣϻҲ˵ˣ˷£Ҫ׼Ҳãܳ̾һ˵
Ҳϻ۳ϸڡ
ʦ񾰲ֱӾ˴ȥѾˣɲ񾰲ıΪ۳ʹȥݼɵ˿ڲɹ˲кڵĻ񾰵֪ȻʢŭҪͽһս
ν֮λ޴ǣȻ˶Ϊһıѣһսô
ˣ񾰿ɾҪͽһսˣΪҲûˣϾڿǻʸ
ôҲû뵽Ҫֵ˫ͻȻͷˣٶδҲ̫˰ɣ
һıȻҪģ񾰣޴ʢŭ
ȷ󽫾ûоеĹؼɹΪʲôҪǧټƵıȥΪ˻ʹ󽫾ǹȻǳˣϾҲǧ֧ǹıݣӦòǱ򵥰֮ǰɻ󣬲鲻ֵܲģʴҲ˵ڣΪԻ𿡣ý𿡿йؼɴһ˵
򵥣ʲô򵥵ģֻ㲻֪ѣ۳Ԫ˧ʦΪսթƶˣ룬ɹҲԱ񣬹ʴǲҪǧټƵŪӶѡ
ЩûиЩ£Ǵˣкα˷ѿء
Ҳһˣ
ȻôͺǴ̲һǴϵĻǹӵҵˣ
˵⣬ͻȻֵѾҪøɾһ뿪ϾԺҪȥ۳֮أ
𿡵̴úܺãҪ۳ˮ֮󣬻Ҫ۳֣ϾɹǱƺвͨˣǹ־ڱصõģȻᱻɹˡ
ôҲû뵽Ȼһ֣
ʮһµĺ䣬شϵȫ޵ʼСѩ
ͷ׵ѩ£˿̣һƬĺ̲ϣվǧʿս⣬ƺͷƮѩδ±ڣɢڽʿǵϡ
һȺǡ
𿡿Ű̲ϵ۳ˮŭЦ
ܣû𣿡ͻȻʵ
󽫾ֽǰձѾˣ֪Ҫʹ󽫾սлأһص
л⣬ߣ˸ʱصǰְ۴
ǣ
󣬲ɰ̾һ
Ϊ𿡵ĸ᲻֪𽫾ǶԽˣԽϿʱ£ܱϾڽ´˼꣬ھе˵ְ͸ְġ
һͷܿ𿡵֪ޱĵͷȴûиϹȥֻôȻȥԼȻ㵽
ʱˣ
ܳĿǰսף⸱սǽ͸ģԼˣʱܶڻ룬𿡳۳ɳսҫ档
ǽ꣬ǳˣ𿡲ǸϵսµĴ󽫾ʱô̲ɹŴܵȨ׳ԼƷϣ
һ̵ֻ֪ˣһ쿪ʼĳһѧṴĶʱıĳɫ𿡱ˣ
ܿ˸ˡ
սףܴ߳ۡսֱսȥ
ɱ
Լıϵսʱ˫Ѿսˣһ֣߶ǻǹ䣬֮۳Ǳдֵܵæҡ
Ȼ𿡲ͷһκͻǹսͷһΣɹŻǹ̵ģܵıʴ˽һ򣬱ֱӱԷѹŴˡ
𣿡èڴ󷽽е
ֽˣͷһۣ˷ܵ˵
ãӵоΧȥǣоҵĻǹɱһѪ·
ǣ
Ӧһδ뿪ͻȻһе˵˴󽫾ǵĻǹͻȻըˣ
ʲô
һüôͱըأǵоûб
оͣȻûⰡ
ģɹĶŲð߳ŭĻӻȭͷ׼Ϲ󣬼Ӫأ󸱽ͻȻһֽҪʲô
ôˣûŤͷȥʱҲŵ۵Բˡ
ڽ𿡺󷽣Ѿ±ųһţȫ׼˽𿡣


800 ˼
粿Ÿǰϥ¹ʹü΢ɲ壬ȻûϢ𡣡
ǵģŻʸѾȥ˸
Σʵ
ְ֪ţ֪ӦǺɹ˿ս
ţþӶԸǸΪ˽⣬սѾȶȥγǣţ취͸ȡϵѰһʸ䣬мǣɽʸݸ֪ͬʱҲïһͬǰȥ
ǣ
ʹ˺粱۾ƽȫûб¶еĲ
๫һ߱£սºòȶˣȴʧӰ٣β粵ǡ
ѽ㣬
ͻȻҲĲԣסСӾе
ѽôģҽȥǿӹϽϡ
粵˼˲䱻˻Ͻܹȥѿӡ
֪ÿ򼱺ζҪȿ޵ģһһԵˡﱧԹһ䣬ܵҳɾĿӡ
粸ӻÿӺ򲼺󣬱ڻһ㿴˵ϴ˵ҪͶŹǰõҲӦõ˰ɣ㵽ȥ
Ŷ
ƣίԼǧΪ˴̰ϽȴԼսڼչ˺ӣ֮ϴεܼܵļ˵һΰѺұˣǱ߼һСսһսıˬˣԼŽܳģǱѹˡ
򰡣ɣ
ٴһ䣬뿪ۡһӻȥˡ
ѾᵽݳǣΪ๫ģϣܵ๫
һڳ󣬲ûпͳӡ
Ҳ뿪ֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀߣֱ۷ᣬʱˣʮʱǰųִͳӡ
ˣ
˷һЦȥӭӣδǰͣˣΪʲôĸĳӰ̶ӣơ
ףⲻնСô˭˶С㰡ƯӣҪɿˡ
ͻȻһЦĿ˹ȥŤͷһɾ㵵ķ֣ʵ޻һʻǰͷһԵĳѾƿһλӺݻĸˣЦԼء
ǲĸ
￴ĸϲĴһ
ǺǣŶƯˡĸЦһ䣬óͣ£
ͬĸһģȻλף⣬Ȼ֪λҲֻû뵽˼һУԱѰҪ󣬶ҿֱ֪ǳǵģ
Ǿˣѵˣ
￴ϳĳ󣬶ʱȻˡ
磡
ＫΪĳųֵ
ޱĶﱧȭҲڣ֪ƢҲƽϣսϲ̵ܵǰҪ̾һ˳ͻȻͿװһ䡣
ģ
뵽ƺ͵͵İ
ͷʰ㡣
շһնЦĸΪ˵ץСֱ֣ʵôϴ˵һĸϲҵʱҪˣս½ţ㲮ҹ֮Ҳûڳղǵţ켱ˡ
ӺݵݣǧûһĶ׵ģҲĸЩûʲô£ǣҵҲˣʴ˵֪粻УһĸǱ˷ˣյŵһǣĸɹˣ򸵿˿ˣ˵ʲôսƽ˵
ĸﻹȵ˰Цս£ս֣սԼıӿɶأβǣβŰ
Ǻĸȥϳʱһվ˳ȴʴ˺ļҲûյȻϸ£ռλ˳һŮ֪˲ϰݰ
ʴˣֱдŸ򸵣ȥݣʱսѾβ֮£Ҳֻͬˣ˳Ҳλˡ
Ӻܺõģ׸ղŻءЦ
Ǻãͺã
ĸȫûиоģϲ̵Ľеǿǰɣ𵢸ˡ
Ҳ뵢鰡ڳɵ˰찡ԴЩκġ
һ˺ܿٴ·صظǣĸǵһ˴ãȴû粻ɽеĶȥ˰ҵأ
һѾԣɺգ˭һžӣӶ˹Ǽƨ°
ѾҪѯʣɻûڣ㿴նС㣬ʲôСȥϷ˰ڳֵλʮʮˣ
뵽һ㣬Ѿ߶ʱһ죬Լ޴͵ϷˣϽǰһ˻ȥιˡ
ﰡȥĸץѾߵ
Ѿ߱ŪĺһΣȴҲ֣ЦЦ˵ϡ
ȻĸڵҵϷˣӣҲʮңӺݻķˣƵְ
ĸѾ߼ƽЩ˵˺ü족ֺ󣬱ѾߵĴ򴩹Ժȥ
ռλ˿ĸ㼱УǿЦҡͷҲ⣬Ҳʱ޿̲ٸװֵأСӣû飬Ҫ͸ٰźû£˭֪ȥȥŹˣһȥǺü£ƺʱǻزˡ
ӱҲܽʴˣλҲˡ
λ˺ʱ㿴ĸһұһΪһ粻ι飬ҲҪˡ
มҵıӰǵ̰С㣬ЦˡǺǡ
ĸŮӣͻȻ
û㿪ͱϻշ˵һ۵
һƣԼĶִأԼô˵ҲСһˣĶ֪
ûϵûϵŮһĸ⻰Υĵģ˶ӰȻѾһˣĸСģ
ǺĸΪ˼ʵ˭۰

һ΢΢һЦţء
ĸһ粻ҧӣҵСӣЩУȴҲȥܲúӶŰɣ¶ķĸɰԵ⣡
ҵ۹ȻûϱҪĿ滮㣡شιһУ
Ķ֪ĸᰡ˵κָΪ飬Լҵʲôĸ᲻֪˼չӺݵһˣȻ˵㣬ӺݺܳҲû⽭ϵޣһ˵δϱƺƢܲãӶˣŵĸüζ˻鰡
ֻһۣһۣ꿴粵һۣĸ;ҲҪסŻ£
ԼжǣԼĸо°


801 Ů
ιСӣĸѴӷŵϣһְСӽӹŻϵӣĸϲҸЦݡ
ˣСأһžûĸʵ
⻰һʱ粺ﶼɫһ
ĸעϣĶܿԽõı鰡նƺ֪ʲôշˣշǿһۣҡҡͷնҲʶȤ첻ˡ
ʱ̾һ๫ڶʱоΧѾӳ⣬񡭡ǻ֪ȥ򣡡
ĸӵȻֹζֱҲ˶٣ٴҡ΢΢һЦں˵˼Ҷף
ǵĵʵ˭󣬵׵ʦˣ˵ʮʱһѣ֮٣ܻʮ꣬¼ҲÿܳƵˣǺǡ
粺⻰˼ʵڰοңͬʱҲǰοԼ
֪Լʦƹǳ׵Ĵڣǵˣʵеͷβ֮Ҳ磬Ԥ֪ʮء
ӳԱˣƺҪ˯ˣҾͲˡ
ĸ˵꣬㽫ӽ粽úշˣȻһЦĻһ;·ҪȥϢˣ֮ǰ·Ѿ·߳ҡ
֪鲻ãҲ֪ΰοֻڴĿ⿴ס
շ˵ȻһЦҡҡͷ˴Ů˰ûµġ
ĸֻһΪͨĹٷˣƽҲڼţǻʮˮʿһЩϢͨӺݹˣڶʮ꣬˭ְ֪
ѵҴ竣һֵ̳ӺŮӣûһŴϻ۶ǿģĶ׵ģ
ܶ˲֪Ϊʲôת䣬շȴĸֻһ֡ӡ
ڼҴӸ޴ӷԹŵĵܰѡӡַӵ쾡µģշ˿¾Ͳһˣ
ĸĴӣ򸵷ĵǸΣÿһγȥƵأ뵽ǸԹ࣬ŮˣȵȥʱԵֻһѾһλӺݻٸЦա
ڳʱھ֮£ܲסûдӦͼǿǾȻҪԼһᡣ
ɽͱѰ
еĳͷľһٳ򸵵ĸնĸݣԣҲϾӹϵˣ
ʱ򸵣û˼ͬǸƨ
֮£ֻùѧѧȴĶ뵽Լλ˵֮
ѧҲѧΪдһֺʱѾͨдΪһʫֵʱѾּѴʣڳ£оһŮӱȥе߳ŭʱͳգգ۾๫оΪʫΣܸ๫һ񣿡
ÿ⻰ΨбһۣƲƲЦһԶˡ
ЩƼ򵥣ʵĸŬκ˶Ҫ࣡
ΪԼӲǰѧ֮Ůϻۣ޷ȼ磬ҪʱǴΪ˰Ϊѧϰգѧ鼮дʫ֣һѻȫˣ
ôҲû뵽˹ϣΣΪԼѧģɿԼŬֻ֮һ顣
ܣ
ܣʶЩŬѾ޷ˣ
ܵʱ̣򵥵һ仰һЦð
Ҳܼ򵥣ֻǸ򸵣Ŭǰֽ֣ȥģȥˣ๫Ҫģǰߣ
Ǻ򸵱ٴʰֻʰĲջٵģǰģ֮Ͳ͵ľУ֪䣬ķ֣λҲˣ
ֹǲΪ֮ĵ˼ޣ򸵷֣Լڲ֪䣬ѾʱѾӺ˿ɱȼĴˣ
ʱյĹѣصǰӣҪͷʲô״ԪʱҲֻҡͷһЦǲãһյ״ԪܰЩЦǵˣô
˻رòϣ竸ǣҲȷʵоˣĪ˵״ԪһˣҲòѪ
뿪ӺݣȥºӺݺ䶯ˣ
ͬʱ¼Ҳ֪ˡ
๫ԼȥƵأͻһίСϱĨᣬҲûֱܻŤֻʱ½ϴǺñӣż򵥵ȴޱѵ顣
ĸĵǿշ˿ŮӿԱȽˣܳŹ˿̣Ҳͦȥɣ
ĸȷûΪε飬̫ˣⲻһˮ᷺ʵ粸ӵǣ
ֻ˭οأ
۳Ԫʮ³սѾӽβҲѾͶֻһǳػƴҲ֪۳·һΪЩˣʮа˾Ŷմҳӣڴ֮󵹸꣬ɱ˽죬ʾͶ۳Щˣץһֱնһ
ЩҲˣǱɡ
ʱսȴԽԽң߲ǣ·һؼϣһ湥ǣڹؼ汸֮£ݺݵɾ޷һߣ㿿ź·򲻿棬Ҳô
۳Ԫ˧粣ʮ³ͻȻţϢ֪񾰾Ȼڸͽ𿡿ս׾ٵİCȫ޵Ը۳ͬˣɹš
ֻǣͬʱҲյ๫ٴʧٵϢˣ
ڱɾΧ£Ӹһɳ죬ʧӰٵ飬Ҳʼ˶Щţ뵽ǻʸΪҲȻˣ
һﻹʲôģ˵Ⱥܣϡ飬Ҳͺ׾ˣ˵һʺרžͻ˼һ࣬˿ʹ޵ͬʱֲʣֻܸɵˡ
ӶҰɣȥ飡ĸСӣ粵Ц
ˣѾһϮףݵվڸſڴ
٣ĻǰͲԺҲչˣһ˴ӺˣĸЦе˵꣬ѻСӴյӣĥСۻСϲ̵ĵǺǣҵС誰̰㿩Ժ͸̺òð㿴ЦˣǺǣҲϲء
粿õһﰡЩӿúܰŸղǾ仰ԲǿЦԼԺҪ̣Ǻӿ϶ҪţԼʲô
ò˵粵ȷеˣϲսεĻһսˣû̴ƺʧȥ壡
˺ӺͻȻоԼƺеˣˣˣٹɱ¾뵱Լɱ˺ȾѪ˫ָŮ
ͣ£Ϊ۳Ϊ˵Ľɽҵͬʱ๫


802 ۼ
ѩ죬·һнԲ԰ס
лл˼ҡ
һѩеéһңǰ۹꣬һϺнӹ󣬸мһЦ
ûʲôдӵģֻһĪҪоˡϺ̾һ
˼Ʒˣһᣡ국ȻһЦͺȣҲ̣ļȥ󳤳һĴһá
˵Ŀƺԭʿɣôܵĳ֮ذ
Ϻ˵⣬ͻȻоԼ⻰е˼ҵϸ˼æĿڵС϶ӵֻﺺ˲࣬ңһɹˣ˵ɹ׽úˣ֣²
Բһ㶣ȻһЦҾһСģҲԭʿֻǰ飬˵һԭٻˣҿǵصصʿ⼸ȻЩѣҲûʲôӣ˭֪һΣô˸أ
ȡֽأַ˻û»Ǳˡ
Ҳ֪Ϻûģ˵󣬾һϣ˫ֲ䣬ü
꣬Ҳûٴٴγл󣬱뿪éݣ˳ֹźͷѩɳ̾һһڰҲ˫ֲŲһһӡȥ
꣬ǴӸһ·Ǳ˵Σ
һ·ο˵ӵļΪѣӿҲڴǰͻˣ˺·ԵɹűصͨһҿֻܲƵ
ˣǱ˸˳
ν֮±·ɹ˿ͽ𣬿ɲ֮ޣͬʱܳΪɹŵĴ٣ӱҲϮȥ֮⣬ܺɹŵɸɺһҪ󣬶Ҫ󣬴ҪȢŮҲ᲻üͷӦ£ֱʷߵˣ˲Ķ
˸ߵ֮£ӿһ·οܶ˶ˣ
ҲˣϹתƣϣϹèӣˣƺ˱ˣɴ˿ɼΪжȷˡ
Ҳˣ֮鷳üҲƵˣ
رһΣ·һӣ£νҪһЩʳǴҲܴӣȻǺþƺò˵д
һʼǸĸжˣˣ
ɽȻ˸ˣ
˵˵ЩκʱֱӾͰɱ˳
ڣһֱһۣƽĶǻҰУ˯Űֻۣο˶ĵطأ
һʶΣܿɱӵĴһ·ӳӣӭĲ˵ĻҰ԰ټƵ
û뵽󣬾ͱ˸ϳˣڴдʱѾȥĳ򱨹٣ؽ磬ɹˣһ
ǴΣǽžƾɱذһնɱʮɾų˰ΧһУﵽܣŪصĽӡɾ֪ȥδʱŶѩУһأһȥ֮ãſʳѩµԼֱûѩ䵱ˮãŶɹ˽١
İ۹ҲһսµģֻѪѱɣûѪζĴأճڸǣûɣǰǵؤ
ʴˣÿһҲҾԷڣͷߡ
һξҲԽԽԶˣⲻҪ֪ȥǼ֣ǽл֮ǰͳΣ伸ʮǰͱɹŹ£ҲңˣɹˣŮҲǽˣˣҲˡ
ּΪӵ㼯أȻûĵط
ΪﱻɹͳΣɹڴѹ壬ɹ˵ϾĶɣǺγһεľ棬ɹŲҹд󣬷췴ˣǶͳλճɼӰ죬ֻҪʵʵģɹҲû¾һٸʵףᶯһ١
ʴˣֻҪ뺺˵ȦУԱܹ˵ĶĿˣ
εĴʱεİ˵һ·װưͣ˼Ҳɹŵͨдһ˵ˣ
һߣ˵Ҫ˶Ŀ
ûܺͺ˳Ⱥӵ£Ҫӹɹ˵Ұֱ죬һ·Ҳӵˡ
ţ
ͻȻοǰּ䣬һӰڴһĻŵòᣬ˫Źˡ
ҿǾƷζ
οͷһ֦¹˷ֱܵӳȥ
ͷ¹ˣͷһѾˣϱӿɿģ֪¹ȺӶ䵥Ļ϶¹¹ҪӵԼȺҪսʤǸȺ¹˵¹ƺһսܵ¹
Ȼǰúһ߲ҪܱɰĴˣ
Ϊ˻ţҲֻʹˮ˿ûΪͷ¹һң
ҲûͷˣǳȫҰɣ
ֹ˵ţһ·׷Ȼ¹ޱȣŵƣüζθ˦ˣκĽӡĨ֮ˣûܶã㵹ѩϹŰ
οһĻȴûжãͬΪˡŶǶôûϧ֮أֻǣֻܻһ
¹֣л裬İһܶ꣡ģҲģƤϣܻȥҪĹϣ
˵꣬˦ʹīֱӸ¹һʹ졣
ѾͷһγҰζˣ֮ǰͲɱһЩҰζС͵ģҲӶѣⲻЩҰζĴ
͵Ū˸ɲóӵȼһ¹⣬Ŀ죬ѩһãҲһζˡ
γԱ󣬲ſʼ¹ʬ壬ɲ˷һ㣬ֻ¹˹ͷӣðµ¹Ƥװһ¹⣬űȥ
β֪뿪ãͻȻһ֮ǰɱ¹¹ĵطЩ˶Уǿһǣһƥ
һΪ׵Ľ죬ȵĻҼһԱߵ¹ǣ¹Ǻ඼ڣ¹ͷģ϶ʱһ˿Ц⣡
ǵصģ֣˵һ
ȻˣģܽЩ˷ѵ¹ǿֵǮģͷ¹һͷ¹¹ǵ󣬱˵ˣͨҲܴһɫҪһЩɾҲЦ
ţ꣬Ӧûбˣ
ô죿ҪҪھ׷ȥ
ոǿϴİٶ˰ΧˣɱʮˣһǱҪöԲߣ֤һʧȰϢɣ
һأ
£ȻҲ㹻ЩۼˣֻҪף·ߣҲõܷɳǵƿأԷһǶ׼һЩֶΰɣɱɱȥǲ֪Ҫʿɱ
ֻ֪Ϊһʬ壬ͰԼٱ¶ҲҳҰζˣ


803 ս
ݳһۡ˿رɭϣڸڴУʮĹ佫ޱվ࣬صƺҪѹֵ˴
λϣɫ䣬Ŀɨ䣬ޱĿڵɾܴĴݣһǿȺô
ɾ׼ٴγǱȻˣֻúˣǲºʱꣿһ佫ü
üвû˻ᷴ꣬սǸ⣬ɾӦҪǺɱ֮һĹǰһ
Ӧûô򵥡վĳϱߵ߲ţͻȻǰһĳ粹ֵ¹ٲ²⣬ɹҾڵΪ
߲⻰ʱĹʼ˽Щֱɫü
ڣǶԿɹҪս˵ǵģֻţ֮ǧر᷾ùºݳǣˣȻǱںж֪أ˵ɹˣ۳ߣ֪Ҳ޼
Ժܿ£ԱҥԣӿˣѾ˵ֻҪнһ¶棬֤ǵը
Ķ򵥰¬ĪԲٵҲ˵ָĴģ䴬֮УΪڵٶȣǱ׾ʵܼ򵥣ҪֱӺһˣҪǼֱ췽ҹ̷ˡ
ȻСڿɲһˣԶ׼ϰˣϤ̷Χ֮ıըǴ˺оҪһʵܼ򵥡
⣬ĿǰһöڵѾˣˮûŪһö˭֪أ
ò˵ڵȷɾ˿ֻţرڵӴֻҪǽһţ˭ҿ
ҲΪʲôɹҪ޴ۣҲҪ׽Σ֪޷׽ҲҪŪˣʬڣ۳޴
̫ͷʱҲûץð䣬Ҳ˵ܲҵһģҵҲҪ˼Űǣε彣裬Ҳţô᣿ᵽˣʮа˾ҲˣõȥŪ
ʱ߲һ仰˵ص㰡ʣǸںɱ
ⲻͬΪ˵ڶ֮ͬս˵£鶼Ҫܻ䣬˶֪۳ΪԼĵλ˰յ˭ΪЧ
û˰յ֧֣ʲôģ
˵ԣôúˣȷѵֱӿóˣһĹüͷ
ȡһֻǰˣ
ڣسеҲܶˣͬʱɹǱҲܣҪܵѹͬΪ̫࣬ᵼǵĹٶȴеҲҪ˹һ
ţһͬҪƴǹˣ
ʮһΣʬأϳҰˣľƴɱ
ˣϻᣬҪӦС粳ֹ
粳ǶԵΣսǺ˽⣬ľ飬Ҫ˽ЩҲѣֻʵؿһɣҲҪŪףоĲ𰡣򿴵ʱһСľͽоĵؽ磬Χǿɴˡ
оռݶְԼͳϿСֽоĿǰطһǵо󽫾ڵΫݳǣҪϿıоݱĿǰӦû򣬵սǿر䱸ǹǵľɨҶ㣬ʵԤһλṥĿǰսɾֲҲ㣬ɽ׳䡢İܡڵΫݣս߿ƷɢʵðҾ·ߣ׽ضˣͬʱҾֻҪһоǰ֧ԮҾޣоӲҾҲ£оأˡ
߲ŰѵоϸĲһһ󣬵ͷɹ壬ɹŵؽϡһսȻʱ۳һ壬Ѹײڶ֮ƣϯһ䣬ͬ岿佻õĲ䣬Ҳܿšһɱ𣬹ʴʮóսֻһͬʱƣҪɾٶȸ졭ĿǰҾʮѡ
ʵ粶ɹŲ˽⣬һ˽˵๫ǰ๫˵ɹ֮ԱǣʱգȷǶɹŸĹˡ
ҰĵģҰľͲͣǰ仰Ųɰ
Ԫ˧⻰ʱȻʣ׷˵ѹǳʮγɾ˻ԭ˼һֱսģ
ɹŵսǿǾ޵ֵģⷽ棬ԶԶ磬Ҫֱͬʱ򼸴˼ҷ֮šһֱӴһ·ͻƣ˲ǸôҪܶ飬鶼鲻ˡ
Ҿݵսǧƥ󽫾ƥսԶˮȲ˽𣬿ҲҪԸɾⷽ棬ʵ޷ɾһ߲ҲͬʱƵļƲߣֻϸϸǺ󣬸оǲС
ļƲȻһĿǰɾ׼޷ʹú󣬴սδһȫ֮ߣ˵꣬
˵Ȱ˵ɢӣҲ˵ﺺ˶Ըɾ˵ֱӺˣºѸ£˵ɾҥԣ
Щ취ȫһһˣϲ̣ϲɱ¾ȴҲ˶죬ɱǾģɱûǺˡ
ò˵ɹһеȷݣسǹǿȫһһⲫֱ·ʤȻ˶ûСԼǺ˵սʮֲǣ۳һֱѵսսȵȣûָӣȥⲫɹȺսӵĶְ
ü̴䳤ɵΪ
ɲ򣬱Ȼ˼޹˼ɹſ϶ںˣΪץķ²мңһˣһң壬Ⱦ޴ѹ£ûж˸Υɣ
ڵɹ󣬾£ܷȵ飬ʱԼƼˣ˭ȥǰ
ҳܿܵĵ˭֪ʴǲῼսܵ顣
ˮôһĹѯʵ
УˮԴӺ͸߷һս֮ȻȫʤҲأ֮ǰǵˮͲԳֻܷأ֮ˮеķ²ƺ಻ϰֵģǰҪʱ䣬ʱ˼Ѿˡһ佫ҡҡͷ
ǻһţ𣿡
Ĺ˵꣬һվ佫ĩβһϮڼ׵ĺͷӣ˯ıʱ˾ֻĻ˳״񰡡
ô˵ģΪү޵аͳƴ𣿡
㲻ûʸа𣡡Ĺƺеηߴһڵӡ
аܴҰ·ӱͳˣ˵˭ģͺүţɲɵлɾˮʵҲɵȥӰҲǴʵȻɹˮǿ˼лǹǵǹͶʯԭʼ⣬ô򣿳Ǹʮ߰սڶڣŻͬ⣬һ̸


804 ᶨ
粲֪๫ôⲻ̵ܽĺڴŪģò˵ţȷб£Ҳҿγǣһ֣ҲԼлᷴһҪշ᷻ҪķѶʱأʱȫԺݳǵؾöһһ䡣
ˮ·Ŀǰвͨˣˮڸأ·ɾڳ⸱̣ԶԸʵȴһ㣡
ͻȻһֱɿԽǰһ٩٩̸
ŶԽˣǾһ񰡡
粿ԽȷҲһɶõ˲ţҾƣͯĺܾ֮γǣҲΪ˵δ֪϶ں߸
˺ƼƫǿһֽȫƷֶοɼһˣ
ˣȻΪͶ۳ĲζҲǲˬֻһ˵ĸоϾ๫ȥԽͯĺϵʱѹûȥмߺ
оս޿ƥУ޷ƣɹսƣСýȴóٶȣ֮ɾ˱ٶȶܿ죬ڱԭΪɵϰߣ˲ˣֱһ壬˴˲룬ĬѾŵĵزǺܿ죡
Խ˵ţɨһܣ˶ڿȻһЦֵսս֣һ֣ȴ׳˶໹ݣһ۱֪ٶ֮磬̤ѩ޺ۣѵһӾװרɧŸɾһգ˱ɾĳٶȣͬʱҲǵ£֪һλĶϮӶɳ̽ӣһǱȻֵĸɢ£Ԫ˧Ӧ֪ô˰ɣ
Щɻ󲻽Ŀ粣ЩͻȻඥԴһ
оķֹͻϮʱҹ֮õо۱һ֮
Ԫ˧ӢԽ֣˵һվ
߲Ҳ˲Ӧôˣܼ򵥣ÿγɾıǺɢңȴǴҼУһǣһȻȺ֮
ɶȥˣݣһݱضϣ֪ˣ
ǺѺ͵оһֻۣһζķأԽ˼ƣҪƵоһۣȻһõо֪ȻҪǰ
˷ıִҲѰֵóԣ
ÿ˿ĽǶȶ߲ͬȻڹؼ汸ͨںȫǽȴĳЩϣҪһ㣡
Խ෽Ȼ߲ţȴһרߴߴˣ
оǲʱټĺڻôԽҪŶԷǿս
ãͰԽ˼£
粵İΪԤһɢ֮ǰҪôһȥ֮ļƲߡ
˸Ҫ£໥䣬Ҳͷɢˡ
ԽͰƽˣ˺ʹǿˣ
ţЦеĶԽĴָ
˴˿һͬ߳ãǰûʲôˣţҲ˭ԽȴںɺţһƢ˾ˣ˴㣬ԽǰԽںο˿ء
취ʼնǰ취ܷҲֻʱ⣬ҪжȥһϣѣҵļƲֻһΣֻҪоʶƣܻúܴգԴ˿Ҫ˵ĶʲôԽһӲˣ룬֪ˣ鷳ˣ
˳ȻȻ˻ע㣬ᣬһϣԽоʸֱ˼ˣ˿Ĺ͵⣬Ϊлʸأк˷ѿأ
ǸһĺôܼǵĺãᱻĳЩ˵ƨĵκԼʲô֪ﻹܼǵ
ǲͬǰʱԽʵҲѧ˺ܶ࣬κܰ˶˼棬뾡취ıȡڴƵ֮ʱɲʲô찡ıˣֵ½ʿ֪ǰսжգսôԽʿǷ˵˼ڴɸѡ˿㾫ȷ󻹲γˡ
Ȼʸʲôȴ۳˵ĸװں³Կ
ʸһҪ򱣲׼ҵĹ;ʹˮƯ˰
ԽͻȻͷ̾һúţижҲͷеС簡ɣٲҵڿû˰Ҫȥ̰һˣƨûҿǳưԴ󺣵˰˱
˵꣬ͻȻһۣЦһȾȥˡ
ˣĿǰɶ˰Ԫ˧ǣҲֻǿʲô԰æĶѣûʵȨʴˣ֮ǰûзԸʲô
ⲻһֱ
ҲԽģ½ЩƴµˣӭĿһΪյսһСģؽڱﱻͱӣ
ԽҪȣԾѾüƲߣҲûֱǵȴ벻󣬲˵뵽ˣҲͲῪˡ
Ȼ˼Ϊս£ѡ񣬷ԣУִѣִкˣҲֻմմ⣬ʧˣñʲôΪҪһˣ
Խһ˲ţʸ˵Ǻǰ
˶뿪ú߲ſ粵
粵ͷԽ̰ͼǰһΪս£Ϊ𢣬Ϊеĺù٣๫Ҳѳͷɣ
粴ͯĺ֪Խȷһù٣֮νûн͢ίΣУǰһﹴĶǣ
ˣʸôˣ߲ͻȻʵ
ɫһҡҡͷ֪
߲㶣̾һҡҡͷ˵һ䡰¹ٸǡת뿪ˡ
ս¼֮ʣ˿̵ĸλڳɽ֮أããѩУǧƵսѩϱۣ໽ţǰͺţĿǰɽϣһƬããеһСڵ㣡
һƾް¹Ƥ꣬һʮڰŤͷɽ£۵ģȻ֮Сڵ㣡
Ƥëñ¶İȻǴӸǱ˵Ρ
ʱȫû뵽ԼȻ¶٣ηֵģҴӶԷһԾɳüǧıԣԷѾˣ
ͲһˣƬɽɾҵˣȴڹϡ
ĿУ¶һ˿
Ƭһ޼ʵĲ԰׵磬˾
ǧƵɹŴҲ˾
β֪ԼӦǼǰͣһɱһһ
ܼѵѡβڰ;Уо׷ɸһ
ô죿
治֪ˣǵƺ
ȻԼβĺ¡¡أ
뵽һ㣬ͻȻͷǰһߵѩɽ壬¶һ˿ǰδеļᶨ⣡


805 ѩɽϵս
˫Ǧ˫죬ҴϢţֲиţÿһţ·ĻѩȳһðϥǵĽӡ
µĳɽ䵽˸оڰ˲仯Ϊ
һʮȵ£β֪Լܼܲߵȥĵط
ͷһۣοɽŵɾƺΪѩ̫ѾʺЩתͷƵߣЩֱ׷
ҵĺ磬ζ죬һѰѱӣϹεۣڹ۲Ťͷǰȥ
μѵɽ۵ǰɽʹ˷һ߹һ壬ƺûоͷ
͹ĺңѩ׵ĻѩݻƵľȫһľͬӳδ˿ĵҡ
׷ˣûͣһԾһϣŻѩ˳ſ»ɽм䣬ȻûͣųصĲһһŸߵɽȥ
кûᡣ
ǹߵһѩͻȻ飬Ҳûᣬͷһŷ嶥ȥ
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ƺ޷ģָ˼ƵıԼսһ䵶Ҳʼѩɽȥ
һ׷εǧ֮ڣǵİ˳ɱ
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ǣʵ֤Ѿ϶ݶϲ޵ûҪǱص˼ѡ˶ʱߵ·ߣԽɽ
ô֪·ģǵ˸ģǲ𣿾кѣ£ԽƬɽɽֻ˵ǳ˵Ρ
һܣҪƵֻϧڳɽϲһͱǵ˸٣ֻܱɽˣ
ڵڶ֣ҲϣεȷƵϧûʼƵͱ׷׷ˣѡ£ֻɽ
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ɲΪΣʧǧֲܲԷʬ壬ôΨһİ취ǰ֮
δ¹Ƥóһ鿾õ飬ֻĴָСÿԷУһǣξ͸оҧһʯͷ㣬һЦȴûµֻǺУһ׽
ٴοһη֣ɾǰʮˣٲΧѾԶûǹˣֻǺܿϧֶӵ´ˣǵĻǹëˣʯòǣǸɴǹ˨סˣʣļõģҲΪǹ̫Ρ
ƺҲʶһ㣬ǹ䵶׷
ò˵ǰʧ㣬ûǹΣȴû룬£ǹóԺĶһ¼ӡ
䱸ˣԴɹԼǹ֮ǿǿǹȡֻһЩʱûõǹƾùĻ϶ʼһɫĻǹ
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˭ϵ²Ҫº˽ʱ˼ҾȻŪһڣɸɹȨǣʶ˹ؼڣǰܵˣ
ܻȥסںŪʲôΪµʱɹֻ˻زԭԶ̤ˡ
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ɱ
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ͻȻתγ轣˲նһֱִۣһʺһֺûƬͣ

ͻȻһɾϮһ䵶ĲǰѩУţ˷Ȼͷıʮ䵶
ͫȻһ轣Ϊһӭ˷䵶
֮㣬ζĤУ˵Ķʹ
Դθûᣬ趯裬ֵһһ䵶䵶̫࣬Ϊ󷽵׷ѾӼ˼ʮڱȥܾܿǼٸڼǧˣ
ۣ
ͻȻһƤҵδȵ޿㱻һӣ쬵ĺʱ룬ͬʱһѪ£Ƭ̼оģܡ
ûп˿жҲûʱ䣬ΪѾм˴ӵǰʮ䵶ǰ
˫Ŀһһ裬һīҰƵģźţ˻ţηоɱһš
Ѫˮ֫ʬ壬ڲ԰׵ĻѩϣһƬƬۼǰ
֪˶ãƺҹƺֻɲǼ䣬εްѾƲ಼ڵ޻ɢѩΪһ壬ºѿ塣
Ҫɱ𣡡
ζݺݵĶɾָǰһȺˣ˫ȾѪ̵Ѫˮ֮ǰ˵աʮָоܺܣһ̣ս۰ƺҪõ˵Ѫϴˢĺġ
ɱ
ֻһ֣ͷһ㲻˵о
ɾסˣΪεĽ̫ηѪħԣ
һˣƻȺɲǼ䣬ɾҵĴӱɻѩ̫̫ж̤֮ǰնɱɾʬ壬ѵˮһԾһɱһˣ
Ҫţ
ͻȻɾ󷽴һȣӣ羪ɽͼصϢɲǼɾ

ʶһΪһ·ܣѾͶԷֹΣϿǻʹһΣѾˡ
û뵽һ겻ɢ׷ƺƵ㲻ϰһ
жĳ𰡣
ǰ𰡣ܲ
β֪ɹΪִţҪռ£ѵͲʵʵĴڲԭ
ӹȥҪ԰񰡣
αԼ뷨ЦˣʱĶʲô񰡣ҪõҪ򣬾ҪսȥӶᣬȥȥɱôʲôˣ
ˣأ
һ̣ǰδеף뷨ǶôĿЦҲ֪жˡ
Ȼһ̣
գͻȻתɽϳȥͬʱͷɽȡ
ϵɽͼصþòϢ
ƺŵ˴˿ڳ˯ɽǺɽŭˣ


806 һŭ
֪ôˣһͻȻתһܣһ˻ߵĴ󺰴УѵǷˣǰܿͷֲԾˡ
εɽͼǻصþòϢ
ͷϸߵһɽ嶥ƺ˲ѩ飬Щѩ鿴źСǰǾѩԶڽһ䷿Сɣ
СһѩϷ£ײ͹ɽʯ󣬱ѩƮǰʱѾͨѩһС
ǰƺûзɵ˼Ķˣ
Ϊƺоɽڲ
û뵽Լ˻ߣľĴ𣬽ֻһƬѩٴ벻дţһҲѩ𣿸綼ѾĴˣŪһƬѩ򷢸磬Ӻòð
ת˲䣬ҲԾˣƺǰɽϣһֲֻľޣεˣԼţܣŭˣˣҪѳڶߵɽҲˣҲŭˣ
Ϣȴڡ
ƵĻѩ˷ʱɽХľ죬˶лص
һ̣˵ɫѩһ԰ףǰ
ã
˲ɴ۾ŵĿǰɽ嶥Ŀֲѩˡ
ܻذ㣬ʶȴ๥Ľʿе֪˴ڶʱΪΣգΪܶˣͬʱһɺƵأ׾ɱǧĻ
쳷
һ̣ΣΪ֪αˣû»ǣ־ܣҪţսɹŵ۹һƬޱ޼ʵĴɽ
׷ɱǧɾǴƵǰΧɾ޲Ǿޱȵĵͷܡ
ѩ̫ѣɾĳţ̤ѩٳţÿһƺҪľһ㡣
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οɾһȺǱϣŶӣЦˣͷ˹ѩЦøˣЦĺա
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һ˺ѷεĲҽУһɾѩûѩû㣬ţţţһϰɾɣ񡭡
ûܳԶѾ֣ͷͻȻţܱһƬããͻȻоһɾײֻƬ̼䣬ĲҽҲû˰ѩС
һɽһûŪףܻصĹ֮ô£ͻȻͷɽ壬ըһƬѩţɽХĹѩڶ£ǵصֶ
ɲǼ䣬ȫѩײֻһգۣʧѩС
ͬһĻҲظţһ̣ɽϲƬɽĩյУøɽԡҩΪİգǼĿֻˣǷ׷׽ˣš
ɽŭˣܰ
ˣܲҪ׷ˣ
ɽүүϢŭɡ
⸽ˣ˵֪ɽŭĳȻʱʱСʱһҲ˲ʱȴøһЩӣױڸѩУ꿪ѩڻֻǣǹֻܿƵĴӺʬס
һɽŭǼǰδеĴ󰡣ѩڸļɽ嶼ǣˣһʱ䣬Ⱥɽ𣬰ѩ죬һƽ٣һʱ֮ã
ɽƽϢŭؼƽʱѵĴׯ׷ɱţݷ
ûѵĴӣҲãȲӳ˴ׯûֻڼҵȫûˣЩ˼ɵˣûзȫ˿ʼ˵ѩУѻŵھȳֻڣӻܳûˣֻͶˣûУҲֻܿ˭кˣ޷ɹ
ʲô
һվУɸͻȻվ˫ĿҪ˰㣬ֱ㶵Ķǰһڵأɪɪʹ
ɺɱҡʹ̳ϻֵ̿Ľš
شңʲôа٣ȫ壡
ɸ˫ĿһɣŵʹȻһ仰û°ĭȥ
ɸ翴һȻƵˣһΪŭĺȵˣϻȥˣ
ǣ
ӽʹʬ˳ȥ
ɸʵѾúףԾ޷š
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ɽ㶼öɸҧгݵ˵š
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ƺҲΪֹ۰ʧȥCһﾹ͵ܵȫ޵췴ǧڣסʲôȥסǰһ
ָ
ܣɸв֪ʵһֻһܶѣô̰Ҫȫ̰ԼɹŵȨɹͿԴˡ
ŵõĿܣʼǿܰ浽˹ؼʱ̣ҲֻǸˡ
ڸҾжٱож٣ɸüʵ
⡭ȫаǧоģֻвǧˣ
ǧӾȽԤǰȨˣڴ鵽ݣȵǲǧ
ɺݵıǿк׼ȥԸ۳أڰǵҪӰ˶۳ս°
᲻֪ۿˣݵǴȥ۳ս»һк֣ǵھͬˡ
ɸܹܶһʧȥɲһǸ׳Ƴķͬʱһˣ
жҪ۳Ƕٰˣ
ɽɽ·һƬããĻѩУͻȻһѻѩ𣬽ţһִֻӻѩ̽һӰͻȻڵһ㣬ѩ·
ˣѮһ߰˿ףò棬ͷȴ޴˿һϮɮ۵װ磬˾һϺУ
ӷ𣬺ôֱʰĶȥˣ
Ϻ˵꣬ͻȻһ̽ѩУţȻһˣֻ˫۽գӣٺǿΣȻѩΣ
˾㵵ģǽѩصϺУʹʮĺڴʦȶ
ȶôģû֪ڴ˵أȻһֱΣֻǲ֪ΪʲôϢһ·Ҳһֱûг֣ǵȵһ̣˳֮Ͱĸ
ȶĿɨܣֻ౻ѩסɾЩˣѾˣһЩƺû͸ţȴôҲ
ǴȶûЩһȱΪɨһۣһ䣺ӷ𡣡
󣬱ץεһֻţһ㣬ˡ


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ɸ˫ĿĶһ߶ʬ壬Ҳ޷Ŀ˫ۣɸ糤̾һҶ꣬սսպգȴĿ㰡
ʬƤ޷պϣɸ簲ˮʬ壬۾ڽʬɹžдᡣ
ͬһڳɽѩµģǧʿԼסڳɽϲŲҩΪĸ񣬴˲ɹĲʧ
һƽ٣ֻڣ㴫˿ǣڰڣΪ֮ݡ
İգرǱ˭֪ĳɽܿΪǶ֪ɽ飬ŭã֣һ
Ȼ֪ɹΪʲôҪǧɽ˶Ϊɾɽƣȫ𣬸Щߣȶߣ˵Ĵҥ˵ɹſɺɸ֪ɽˣɽҩҪȴɽ񲻸ɸŭǿǺ˳һŭʬ֮˵
һŭϲ
ŭɸ粻ռǵĹҩϲǣɽ飬һ̰ļһ
ô˵һΣɹǳ׼ŭ˸գ˶ҪɹĵףһЩɾµĸȨһʱһվֻδǼǿʵȨӭͬΪȨɣ
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۳ǹİ£ܶ⸽εϤͻϮһ㹥еڽǵĻǹ·һ׷Ͷ
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C׳Ǳ߿Խˣû뵽ѧɫԵĵܾܵȻ췴ʢŭ֮£֣ԼC޿κΰ
Ľʧ͢˵ЩͿˬĹԱһεĸ߹٣ҲаͻȻʧˣ͸оԼ˲䱻ն˫ۣһȴûʹ
ڸ໥ʱݣҲһս
ⳡսʮͻȻȴ֮УֻɹôҲû뵽ӦԶٵսôͻȻͱ䷴أһ䣬ֱӱһ˭ֵĴս
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ߣһֲõģôãʵԸ飬Ѿ´֪Ҫ͵оսֻû뵽о˽ƻȻƣڼ޷¶Է󣬰̺ŭˣż̽ӣ֪оһҪĳߵĳһȴȺɵͶ
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ˣÿﶼвͬѡɸ磬оΣգȴо粣
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ͬһʱ䣬۳ҲյϢϢˣǰôڸĲ񾰣
񾰲ɵӣɾΪʲôҪڶϳɽ֪ĳɽжΣգر£Ļѩڻɽϣ;ѩһΣҲͰˣԣѩƺǳɽϲɽͷһѩ
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ţһհ׼ˣȥ֪ͨ粻ˣ˸ŵһ󣡴ĻɱɱҲ֪ЪһЪ⾫񣬽ʿҲ۰򲻴ݽϲǣǺǡ
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һ˵⣬˶٣ĸ룬񾰽˭ôоЩʱһֵǶƺûһ

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ม̲ã̲ԣ誶ÿˣ̵ȻҺóԵģҪõΡ
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񽫾ȥϢһѯϸڣø֪ٷˣأ
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ζûϵֻΪ˴ӸŪǮ֧񣬱ƲѴѧ£ƣû뵽ڶ̶ڣ֦ɢҶҲɴˣ£
˿̣е۳ǻʹУһֱƤЦƺֻ֪ɵЦĵ۳Ůʣ˿һ˫ĴУ
˵߾Ĺ֮Ӱһսô˿̣εһ֮ڽɽһĶ⣬ǿģ


809 ͬ
龲վˮѧԺͤ߻ǣӶ˵鶼Щ˿ûϷڵĿˮ
մ·ˮףûüسӸ׿е֪ɽϢ
Ķµûţ֪Ӧʲô̬س͢ս£߽ɾϳŹأһˣɾδϲѶֻϲѶʸϢҲ᲻һ˿Ȥˡ
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ˡ
鳯Ÿ׹һȥ
ѧһ·߳ѧǶڰŹҰײҲܵϢˮѧǻʸһִ죬ǻʸѪѧʱҲУ񿴵ЩѧӾٶ֪ӦοӦʹļףһ
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ݣͳĽ紦۳ӪӱɾӪ
۳ӪߣŭĿɨӶ档
û֪һʲôǷŭУȫǣܸӣӵԼԼʲôӦʲôǿޣǻһǻŭɱϵоɱذսЩҲһֽѣ
粶εĸ飬ǳʱĻۣһһεȫڸжУһ㽫Ľˣûʲô̹ģеֻһͶ룬һݽȥֱ˴˶У޷԰Ρ
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ԥŷνѾʦʮΪԪ˧·ǲ
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պΪ۳Ǹʸǳģɸ磬ôҲ뵽һˣǣ˶ˣ
ǵΣһ飬֪Դӳɻˣʮֵ͵ǰߵʱҲûʲôϵѣΪʲôһ͵ˣȻأ
ΪǹΪЩе㣬ȫǣʲôղ֪ɸҲ֪Ƕ֪ԼһЩʮҪѶϢ
һˣȷ˴ɧңкܶѣܶˣЩһӺ£
󽫾ǰЩץĺȥ赲۳ͬʱ˴ɶֻҪʮգܰȫһ
԰󽫾ЩƳȥǲǱ뿪յˣཫʿҲ׷׵ͷͬ
ЦһǻĵˣɲزסˣͬʱɹҲպ۳ķŭ
տɲɵʱӦ̶Э飬ס۳˻ɶ취ǶǿŶԷս
ɹʿ򣬵ĵģʮ֮һѾܲˣúһͬڳɽɾ˵ǧڸɾֻ֮һȻΪǧڵĸȫ淴һʧأ
ǾƵɹŲܶ࣬ӣǵʿʵҲȫͬ飬ҲҵģɸΪ˵Ͽɺܵܰﲻ綼ˣǻͲ֪ˡ
ֵµݣôɹŵĴ޴ģһҪ⣡


810 Ψһս
۳³ݳ뱱Ľ紦ǧս֮֡ͷս۰
˿̣ǰһƥսɾӪʹ۳ڳһˣǳ۳һһɾŻͷ۳
Ԫ˧ɾʹ
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оԸʿ׼Ӧսû뵽ڹϣоȻɳʹ
ޱ˵
ɾʹܿУǰʩһú˵Ԫ˧ҼҴ󽫾˵ˣս⣡
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һͷյ֪ʹն㶡
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һλȥȴû죬ֱӷԸ
ܿ죬һʹ۳Уûãˣ
Թƣսնʹοǰأƫƫɱˣɱһƺ񫣬ɱһòٺãҲŭˡ
󽫾ǷϻʲôһȺĶȺ
ǰ󽫾µ񣬻ʲô̸ģսɣ
ȷûʲô̸ģһս粱ҪΪҪɹȥͬʱҲΪ˰๫ѩޣ
û֪жˣжޣһܽصˣƽʱ±оƵȲʤȯҲɱ˶ԷʹΪ֪ɱһʹʤȻˣαԽأ
ڵһûйؿɽԪ˧Ҫֻһս۲˭˵ʲôҲҪЩȫɱˣ
ɣ
ջûзΪ֪һս治ܴľ֣۶ɹţ۳ΪҵһսΪˣտͬ˳ݣ˵ɺݡ
ǣû뵽粵ļʹ۳ǰʱոսͻȻһ۳Х׼ޱȵʹ

һĻʵ˲ˣЩΪ̫֪ĶɳģЩǾ̾ɾʹȱǱˣ۳û̸еĿܡ
ŭˣʹһñһ磬Ȼû粵棬ǰԷδ̫˰ɣ
ͯĺһƥս嵽оǰȵҼԪ˧˵ˣȾͶһҪ翹ֻһս
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۳ǿѾǻǹˣѾǿˣپκУȻЩˣӺݵȵأ˭ܱ֤۳ȫһĸأ
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սǿǴɹʿ
һɾ˻ߵĴţγ䵶ɱţһҲ׷սսֱײͻƵһ氫ǽ󷽣ʱӭǵ۳ʿǹ֣
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˧ͻȻ䵽УδعѾΪһ⣬ŭֱӳս
ֵǣǵıҳ尡Ԫ˧ɻԪ˧ȻɱȥˣϽһӲϮ粵ɾ
ʸֻֻһˣǰܰǧӸȥᣬСǣ˵ͯĺͻȻĿɨܽʿ
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ʼĻǹ֮ս˿̵ĵǹƴսԽԽң
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811 ˡ
۳ɹţսڣ̹̳Ĵ󺣾ˣӭײһɲǼ䣬ɱֱ
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һΣ粸ûкӲ˼˫һУɳĿ˼ͬʱһҲ࣬дͻȻһ˳Ų͵ֱۣҸһ̣ĩͻȻڵ棬ֻβһȺݺ˦ڵϡ

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ѿĴأƵ̤ɣѪսѾȼսѾջ٣ս飬սжѣʬףصĲ֫ϱۣĿ֮νǧｹ
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һ󺺣ѾȻڻӶ˫ۣ޹ģһһƵ޹ʱʱþһ˿սõһ㣬˽ʿߣֵܣ
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ͻȻһǿ׳Ľ죬ȥƷ˵һ䣺ֵͣ°ɣˣ
ˣǶԣЩţǶ֪սеĶˣ޾ɱ¾ѾľԺֻһ뷨Լ񣬿ܿסĵӣΪʯܶҡܵ£
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ǣҲԼ˽ģ˭еķŭ޺ͱˣ
ʱָоĥ粺ܶ꣬ʱգ޷ÿ뵽ߵطʱ˳أǳأغأʱѹЩʱоѡ
ݸ飬ھΣһﱵ˺ܶ꣬ڰˣ׹صԨС
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һսһ죬ֱҹȻ׷Ӱ۳ʿɢ˷ѰɾӰһ֣Ͷնɱ
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Щ޲ݣݣɾ̵ˣǺɾƳʱɱ˶ˣǵˣѣжɹ¡
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һսֱ˶֪ɾ˧ںδ˵ӳս˴ӻɶӻɹţڱɪɪҲ˵Ԫ˧⣬˵һʼмˣ
ֻһЩ֪һսβ֮ʱձƬڳĳˣ
յȷûȥһγݣʼʤľ棬Ĳҿһжʧ㣡û뵽սû뵽εѶ۳ڽɽ㼯ڴˣ
Ҫʱȴɸԥˣ
ɸƺڣɹݺµҲûǿ
ԥˣԥҪҪԥҪҪ֣ôˣ
ɺò׵õݣҪ״򿪵ľ棬ηҲûлˣ
ɸԥеȴϣܼȥȴסڻͷʰ۳
ǸȴԽԽңͬʱCͳҲԽԽǿѾҪ򿪳ˣ
߸ûƽ˿ݷսĲգѶ㴫ɸУɲǼ䣬ɸҽһѪڵϣ֪


812 ʸ
µĳɽůٻţǰﻹһƬ԰ף˾ޱѩ
˵ѩˣȥĶˣ
һңɽ꣬ʵ
ò㣬أЩƾɣϴĺܸɾɾףԵúܸɾ˿о
˼ȥĶè޺Ӱһ䲻Ϊ֮һ㶣ŤͷһϰʮϺУûһЦ˵㻹ǳ𣿡
ʲôʱ˵ǳˣϺͻȻǿɵһꡣ

Ƭֵ̣ͷţǺаһԳģ
ĴͷզˣǣʼǲͬģƺҲֻԳƶѣҲԳԼƶɮ쳤ϣ˭ֹأӷ𣡡ϺЦе˵
ǺУ㰢ʲôʲôӷ𰡣Ϊˡ
ǹģ֮ǰͺ˵ˣԼģԼʲô˵˭ܹܵˣһ磬ȻǺЩеĴ߰ɣȥĵһ
ҡʮʲôʱʮˣ
Ϻ⻰ʱһ֣͸ԹһƣϺٶ̫죬ǽȣɻ޷㿪ӲϺһƺԴܻӶڲ֣㻹ǳˣ
ˣʲôʱ˵ǳˣϺ˵ɣͻȻŸһڰ֣˦˦䣬תһõɮ̬ͷ̾һİʮ羣ݷӣҲӦвճˣ֮һǧģܱ鳤ɽΪҩЩɶǮ⣬Խȥ˲θ³
ˣզأû
Ȼ򵥣İǰģͿˣ

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Ϻ֪ƭܻһɷȻѾˣϺиʢŭЬӣһһԾҲƵã嵽Ьֱӡȥ
ͻȻһèܣٴηܣϺиǴŭ׷ֹһһ׷𽥽ĳɽԶԶ˦ں棬ֱʧ
һºݲ迤¬سһ侲ĵľ⣬ˣһѮϺУһƶʮ꣬˽һЩͷһԾȺ
ҽͷһװڱ˵ôֵϵ٣һͷӵСҲûˣ
ȣ͹֪ϾҪˣѰĻҼﰡ֮ûܣΪҵҵӰˣȫҿ¶Ҫˣ᲻ðҡͷԵ̾
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ͷװͷҲټϺһͬ뿪
һ·ϣѾ˲й۳Ϣ֪۳Ԫ˧粣ɹŴ󽫾ݱһս󣬴˺ɹŽڽڰˣǰǱѾ۳أ۳ϰݣҪƬʧذ
ԴˣĮģΪѾ֪ˣ
۳ҲûˣͬʱҲû˻ʸ
ΣЩǴʧþͲҪٳˣһЦúܶʧ
Ѿ񳤰ɽӴ˲ٳ֣ҲӦϺе֮һ
ʲôǡˣǮư˲ǮƣǮƣϱӵϵһְ
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۳Ѯݱƽ۳£֮ڲ迤ĺˣ㿪ʼǨƣҲܾع麺˹ҵӵɡ
ЩУһ꣬һУ沨һ·ȥ
ݣᣬٸġûУûڹڣҲûУûȥǱߴţʲôʱȷˣء
һŽʿһĲӣ֮˵һǼڣû֤֮ˣŵһƾɵĲݷԵȺ
꿴һ۲ݷˣ˵޷֤ݣѵһֱأ
ⲻǷϻ𡣡
Žʿһ䣬ڰֵˣɵվŵҰ£
ԣüͷһ壬˵ЩʲôͻȻһϺгҡҡͷ
꿴Ϻвɵı飬һ̾ͬϺһߵһվš
û뵽ʷͬʱҲúܿ죬֮ǰɾĵ̣ת۾ͱ˺˵ĵ̣ﻹ½ؿϲⲻӦĩеɽ𣿻ɽһֱУֱֻĩŷⷢȵģ
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꿴˺һһϲɵҪȥʱͻȻһֱȴӵпֲ֣ϡ
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ȷоûʲôΪϺûֹȥˣȴֹܱ¶һ˼˺ܲ¶Ҳֻѡ
ϺȴҾ͸㣬ˣȻֵǮ

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ʱûֵǮûȥɱ
˺ˣʲôҪֵǮ˶õ
ţûֵǮƺЩ˵ͨʵˣʲôǼ˵ϲã˸оһ̸Ц
ЩǣΪЩˣֳֻļֵû֪Σ۳û˲֪Σ
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ⲻ̸Ц¼оųϵ˵ģΪ鹹ǳ͢ں࣬ƻϰյĹ£
ֻˣǸоϧеźͬʱҲܼˣ
ԣʸѳɶ֣˭Ҳܸı䣬ˣ


813 
ɻŸͷһ糤ľӣŶ
ʼգûע⵽һȺеһꡣ
Ǯ㶵ĿţֱҲûпһ
ȶһƽзţ߰ɡ
ȥǮʵ
Ȼǻȥˣô㲻޶ˣ
Ǯ֪ȶ˼Ȼ޷أ¼䣬סǶ˵ˣǻûУһؿǶҲͬ衣
ȻҲûӲ˼ֻһѰ˸޷ĵطһؾѲ߹Ǹʩչ£׾ٱ㷭˳ǽڿһԾ¹ڡűû˰㣬ҡڵ߹ߡ
ͷĴǱң˵۳ݰڽɽڵ͹ʵûʲô
صĴı洦ɼǮƿˣľˡ
һ·沨һĹȥǮƺʹȶʦߵƽִӱƽߵ
ʱǮ˵۳Ԫ˧˿̾УǮƻ뵽ܶǰ粱ʼ˴Ӿģ
ʱǮƱһŮӳɻˣ
ܾܿͲᷢһϵе飬ǮƿΪΣں粴һʱ䣬ˮСӰɣ
ˣҲǮֻϧŪˣջǷ಻죬Ǯûкڡ
Ǯƶ˼·ÿûȥǣǮƲ룬Ǵȶʱδ
ΪԪ˧ʵѰܼģǮƱ¶ݣһӰҲֲܣΪǾ仰ȥȻŵֵǮ
ǲعأǮͻȻԳһЦ
ӷʩ룬òˣȶзЦ
ǮûһһԹԣϾҲΪƣȶȻ˵ԼǳˣҲûӦ飬һǮƺһͨ
Լô˵Ҳɱǧ˵Ĺ֣ɴȶûںȻѡ־Ǯ֪ΪԼǷǮΪԼţܸıܶ飡
˵ˣǴȶ뷽跨׬ǮҪʱȰʱԳ֣
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һѷϻͻȻ䲻ˣЩ棬ͷһһ㶣ΪӢ꣬Ȼˣ
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ھͲˣѾķˣĺģҵδϱҲҪȥ˵˸ɵ˰ģ⻰ھԭⲻĻ

߿ָֻУʱɵ۰
ˣķޣ˰壡⡭ֱ˵ĳеĴﰡ
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ͷжˣһС
ȥȥȥ㶮ʲôɲһʲô鴫ȥλĳãôļѣرŮߺιԼԴʮа˾Ҳס

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׬Bһɵˣδع棬һЦڼҲ粻һ粣˫һƣһԪ
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