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ֱӴԽǰƾ촩Խݣ³ס֣²⣡һϴĩʷź


1 
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رһӾ棬жſǻʹʵ·α׳ľͷһֱӡ


4 ţ
ʱԱһöɤڸתͷһԭһλһʳеĶʮ껪ĹŮ
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Ͻͷ˵ã˵꣬ʳп첽߳ȥ
ӽеΪʲôԼôഩԽ飬˵ԼǴԽԭˣҪŻѡ
ſڣҴҶ񣬾͸Ͻˡ
ұҪĵƷȥ㻨Ǯ¶Ҳˡʣ㼸ʱ񼼲ʦȻɣһ÷˹˵ľǹŮ棩
˵Ҳӽ࣬ûԳɶζھͲˣæڼ鷿飬˭ϣ˭Ρ
ʵųֻȻϵйͼвͣĻӽĻ˵֮ɱϽǣôء
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ǸӽͻȻӿЯ֮˲̬ͬȳϿңԴ䡣ûŮ޵Ĵɽ飬̿ɽ֣֮ɴǰޣʵԺԼֱźͲţòֺ
Ȼж棬˳ʵ۵ľѣ£ǸӽҪķıǲ
ʵʵΪûж𸴣ֵˣǰȥڼݡ
ӽһߵֽһţ´μʵۣνһ˵Լ¾һʱպԼʷƫ۾֮Ҫɱͷİ
Լµľģÿ춼һôʲôһҪź
ӽţȻ溰¼ݵμ£֪ʵ۹ˣæӵվûߵŴͿűƿˡ
жƿţӽվڵ֮һ¼ݵӽһԼǲҪ򰡣Ⱳӳ֮⣬ûˣо˼ʱ򣬳ʵ۽ˣжһӽɵɵվǣȵ¼ݵ½Ӽݡ
ʵʱǻôһֵˣ°ɡжû취ֻйԹԵ˳ȥ
ʵҲϻֱӾӽ֮ԣɵ棿
ӽ֪ʱˣѧŹ˵ӣһȻ£ȷʵԹԪ2013꣬ǧȷġʱǷ֪ǸʷҪʱ֤²˵˵ʷݱ䣬٣ȫƾʥá
ʵ۵ã㹻ʱϸ˵
ӽܣûڰûоԺڰСֻ÷˵дϰߣֱӵ£ܷҵЩرǵͼҸЩ˵Ƚס
ʵ۵ͷȻתͷ飬ȥ޵鷿ѽǼù
ж֪ʵǲñ֪ЩǣϽԼȥˡ
жںöӶҪ£ӽ˵ˣ£λжɣҵʷΨһ֤ʼڱµĻ¹٣ܿɿҲиο
ʵۿжֿӽȻ˵ͷ飬һӽҪʷɡ
ж־ϲҪܣϲӽôһ˵Լûʵ۱µξֶһݡǣҲƴǣһǣ
ӽŵͼʼϲݽԬɱëȱٺ֮ǵƵؿʼʷĴһĽŽţӽԽԽ˳ڣԼĴ˺Ŀƻ̵龰ǰڣʵһԾĻʵۡ


5 ţ
أӽԽԽɳơȿˮɤӣûӡĺֻˣʵܲˣ˵£ܸܲˮɤӣ
ʵһе㲻˼ж˵ٸһϲ㹳衣⹦ӽʵ֪¶ҽЩкο
ʵ۳һ£׮׮Ų˼飬ϸȴе޳ƽʱţ붼ûΧ޵ʦ޽Ҳǹ֮顣ҽ֮ƣ֪ǿʢ֮·ޡ˵꣬ӽһʵʵһֱǺܺѧģĴǶֵˣһЩʦ֮Ľ̡
ӽϽǫҵҵһֺ̽ˡ˵΢΢ͷһ£Ȼ̧ͷʳʵۣ£ԲȺôģ
ʵһ΢΢һ֮޵Ȼǰ֮ϧ֮ӽЦЦ˵£˺ʵڣҲĻʲô˵ʲôҪ֡
ʵæϲ֮
仰ӽͿ˵£Ӻʷ¼ûѲҲϰߵһܸߵʶ߶ȡйʷϣһʵ۾кʶƳ˵ΪۣΪˮˮۣܸۡ
ӽʵţͼ˵ϰܹһңҲܵ߸һң˵񣬾Ǹû˿ɱ˿˺ףһȺҲף˿ض£ܱɵɱһףɱһȺأأһ֧Ӳȣ۶ϣ֧ӲȣҲףǣһӲأ
ЩʵģҲû˵ֻӽڽ⡣
ڵ£ʵԷΪȺ塣˵ӽñʻͼûֻüʿ򣬻ʵȺ壬˵ʿӹ°ɡʿӵȽϽӽͲõǲʿߵлЭһ£ʱ򣬾ǹǿʢʱһʿӵ滥Эͻʱ򣬾ǲʿ򣬻ʵ۵涼ҳͻʱ¶ĳʱ򡣡
ʱ򣬲ˣӽҲ̲̣ɤӣȻϿСԭڲȺ̫ûЭΪһ˵ض£ͻЭһ£һ˵ͻᱬǿضǲʵڻȥʱ򣬾ͻῪʼһ
ӽ˵ʼƴγϵֻһζɱһ죬ɱ֮ĲγɽƷһСԪ̫棬һǿʱڣҵ⣬Ѿ˲ʿߵľҳͻˡ
˵ӽͣ˵ųʵۡʵһֱڳ˼û˵ϵж̲סˣʵԼã
ӽЦЦ˵㿴ġ棬ֻѣܼ򵥣ʿأƣǧΪֻΪơƴȺǲӣѹեҲöͰɡôƣôأӼңԭҪάôһӣҪǮİɣ˰ҲǴӲʿʱһţӦյ˰ˣԽԽ࣬󣬺ӵĳͻҲͲɱˡ
жϵܰɣ
ܣ㣬ڣ÷չƷ˿ԽԽ࣬յ˰ûԽԽ࣬ûиóһȹϵıǮĵطҲԽԽˣǳ︳֮˰ûԽԽࣿӽж
ʵ⣬ﲻɵİȱľӰ
жڱɨ³ʵۣȻ꣬Խ֮ʵ۶ˣϽĿڡ
ӽתʵ۵£нķҪµĴУԸ֮Ϊʵָǿ֮Ը
ӽֻĸǳɹعһͳ£ȴûҲΪ˸Ĵ̫ۡˡ֪Ҳɻ䣬ֻں
ʵе㼤Ŷʮ꣬ҪΪܸ֮ǿ˴ǻвġʵ۵ãܶѣ޾ĸĸ֮
ӽȻɨˣѵ£ƺܶѲʱˣܵΥŶ
ʵ۵ǳ֮ʱзǳ֮£˶٣ʵֵӽ޷ΪһͣסˣȻӽ˵ǾˣڱɶҲǰҪһ·ǰ󳼻ַ졣뵽ɵúơ
ӽһʵƣ׹ͲͷϷһϲڱˡû취ûֳǰʵϷĶ֪͹ӲӲҪõװſԣһþͿԡ
ӽˣ˵£ҲҪʲô٣Ҿ͸⣬ʵС˵˸ƨԵñӢ䰡
жﰵ˵Ǹʵˣһϻͷ
ʵΪôӽôһ˵ٺ£ֻõðɣΪ£һҪСĩˣ룺㲻Ϊ٣ʲôܲҪ޵λðɣǣʵޣֲ٣ʲô㣿
ӽˣҲûʵۻĵģֱӾԼһű˵£ҵľϿܾһ൱ΪˡΪңǳϣл壬ŶҺܱܿҵļ꣬Ҳ۸úʼվ֮ǰ֮꣬ȫ磬ǧ硣˵꣬ﻹһҵѧôӢٺ٣Ժȫ綼ѧͷ۵ġ
ʵһŶԭϲɽˮġͺáѽʵҲȥϽ֮簡
ӽ˵ˣ£ҲмҪϣܴӦ
ʵ۵ã˵
һҵоֹͱ˿Щ˼飬ܲϹأϣ½⡣ӽ˵ʱָж棬֮˵ΪԼʱ룬ԼʱѨԺƾҪ˹öѴλʵۡ
ڳʵ۵ͷӽʱҵʷͬҲƭ£ܰݡ
ʵ۵ͷšһǿҲǿ
ӽֵʱֺкܶ಻ͬ£ҶԹŴ鼮ƻףܲܰСأ飬ǸǸҶ֣ˮͨˡ
ж˲ɵð˰ӣȻųʵ˵£ū澲˵ͯ
ʵ۲ЦҪԵá
ӽ³ʵɸ̫ԼϦദսӴƯŵСã磬ڿܸɣšеŤ󣬹һӽ˵£ܲܣܲǸŮ浱ҵͯ
ʵˣһЦ˵ôͿ޵ĹŮˣɵģȻתжùŮ
жſڽнһԷ̵İ档󣬶ųʵ۹µūߵ¡
ʵ£ӽ˵ް͸Ժźõ
ͷɶӦֻǵصǡ
ʵ۰֮ûӽĺ˵ʲôҪ󣿡
ʱӽѾˡشʱûУ벻ˡ
ٸ˵޽컹Ҫټ㡣飬ڼ鷿
˵꣬ʵ۴¾ˣ˹ŮһվһߡһߣҲɵվһԽУӽ


6 ֮ҹ
鷿ʵ֮󣬻Ů̫඼£ֻж
ʵûϿ˵ǶһȻ󻺻˵֮£Ψʵ˼պȻһˣȲɣҲħԳԺ֮ʷδţδŰ
̾һᣬʵж飬ԲʿӵĹϵο
£ж˻֯ԴʣȻصūΪ֮֮ͨϸģ΢еƫȫ
ô
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ʵۿЦһ£ͲҪοˣһ㲦ͬඥǵ÷֮ǰȵʳ֮£ΪŶ֮ȷпܡȥ꣬УһڴȻ˰Ϊڣ޼˰ãӶ˳޵ʱҪ׼ֵˡ
У˵Ȼʿɻ¹˰ΥƣҲ֤պ˰һض½˺˰֪ѹޣ˼֮ʥ֮ߣ֮ңպĪ֮з֮˵꣬ʵۻ޺޵
жæһȰϢŭĪ塣ڱ¼֪֮ǰ£¶ѹЩĳ˴
ʵۼжӽ£ж˵޿ӽϲ֣ŮɫֻҪܰ˴㣬㾡
жһū
ʱӽû뵽ԼȻʵΪϲ֣ŮɫҪ֪ˣƻǳίˣĸϲϰʱиƯŮԼϾʱȥΣɷɡ
ӽʱڴշת࣬ǰһҹèӣ϶ʮ֮ϴġڴϰ˵ɣûе磬ҲûкЩֻ֣˯ľôأζ˯Ű
ӽĥĥ˺ôһᣬ˯İ棬ɵǰĴѧϨƺĿǣϵ£С棬˯ô
ڰ˵Ҳһصľôһ¾˯ءϵ¸ˣͷԹ˵أԼ֪ɶˣ󻹱´͸ԺԼ˲֪ô
ǺףҲɫԵˣеɰӣһˣߡ
ţӽ΢˼£ϸصӣҪū澸ˮô̵ʱӽԼˮ˼衣֪ӽΪеţ˼ͺˮˣ
ӽһĻ˷£˵ãֻ˯ţɣ
һɵеЦ룬صӣɫˣū˯¡
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֣ʵԣ
ӽ°治˵ϽشǰԣҲмӢComputerһͻˣţϷӰȵȵȵȡ
ĸˣݶⷶΧ֮ڵġǣӽֿʼһֵĽ͡
ҹɫԽԽŨӽҲֺأֲϰ࣬㡣
ڣиƯǱԼ˵أôֵһ°ӽš
Ȼ˵٣Ķ࣬ӽҲû˯š룬ʱţ֮İʧ
ųʱʱ̣ӱسǣڵҹɫУֻгŴ΢ĵƹ⣬ԼİѳŴӺڰ¶
µǺ䡣ǽֵҹıӣ§ųǹڽ˯㡣
Ȼиʹı׺ʲôˣ۾ǺɫգϸȻȥƱϻ˯ͬ飺ѣѡ
λ˯㣬αˣһ۾죬컹Ϻţֱˣֹûء
ΣűҵĶ˵ǲ
۾ףǿЦҲĵ
ʱʵѾˣѾˡ˶Ƚƣҹģ˭ҹ·
ǣǶվͷİĵƹ뿴㡣
ڵ˳¥£ֻһһһֱӵ쿪ţʥ͡
һۣǾĿǵ
ϵȻΣ֪Ҳⲻ˵ġǰԼȥٿţҪʱ䡣
ӵƣŵƹһֻż֣Ƕˣһ
ȻڶûлˣͻȻһʥ͵ģĪҪʲô££ҵϽȥš
Ÿƿһӣϵ˾ˣӹԼƺʵ˵ĸۡ
׸Ͻָ˷˵εϵ˾һֱˡԶȥ׶ͬ˵ҹģһĺˮ֪ɶˣͷ治װ
ڣֱӱˣʱΪ֮ܣչڼҡ
Ѿʮ䣬˯ĺ磬Ҳ硣Ҳǣѹ֣ɵе֡ǣѾʵδ¶
Ѿȥһᣬж֮ʥܼͣҲ볳үִ֮
һҹǰҪ¡ѵַ͢شʣȻţңٴ涼ˣôܻҡǰͥ
һֹͣ˳֪ܼ֡ΪԼʹˣԲñ˴Լ˯һƬġǰǼȳ˹ܼҼ䡣
һԴˣ˵ˣңʥʻ
һ㶣ҹӱܹΪʼ仰ǣ˶ܿˡ
˵ʥͣԬɶ·ϣ˽նϹ٣д£
һ㶣£ȥôˣʥͻȻȻʲôҲϣסˣֻûصȷд¡
˵ˣˣɼҶŰѴٱʦڳſжҹȺ򣬱ְΪƾ֤˵꣬ˡ
һϽ˹ȥϢҹʦЩ֮ڴϣ˸⣬ﰵĵԪذĪִ˲ɣ


7 
ڶ죬ͣӽѣѽ֪ĵ˯ŵġ֪ûУǣպ棬棬û
Ӧˣӽ˵ӣҪˣūȥ׼ϴ
ӽ˰治֪ôе棬ʵ£ū澺˵Ŷ
һҹ̸˵أӽѾûյľη
ӽЦŵ㲻˰ɣ˵£һ˯˯ȻѣǮֳ
գգۣһū澿⣬ڶǮֳҸˣǻͭȥģֱӣҪͽӣôֳء
汻ӽĻ˵Ĺϵ˲٣Ҳɡ
ӽһѽˣʱûгƱءһתеŵ˵Ʊ
˵꣬ҲˣϽ𴲣´ΪʱĲһСŮסˡҪ֮Ҫȸʵʳ˽ڵʵ󡣺иΰ˵ġһдʵʳ
˻ϲǣӽΪ˯ȻѶ̵ġһߣʵһϵº󣬾ͽӵһϢ
ж¸֮󣬳ʵֱӾͰ˦˵ϣһ߷ŭԬӹ⣬˵Ϊ޷ô˵飬˵ﻹô
жõµʱԤϵ˳ʵ۵ıŭԼܲ˳ųʵ۵˼˵ԣԬӵ죬̫ѱ·ˡ
ж뿪Ȱһ£ʵѾˣйŷŭë㲻ǣʮ⣬Ҳ԰ºѺ⾩ʦ޵󶼶ҽӡзһƷ٣ô˽ɱˡɱ˵˽ɱﰡֱǳвޡֳΪ޲ô
жҲҳͷŵأóʵȷйй˵
һᣬʵ۾ϣ޻治ҰȻε̾һжʱˣǰ˵£βǰأ
ʵ۵ͷ͵һ̧ж˵ҪǴѣ޶ˡϽУϰڼݣǰȥ
ϽĲ㣬ӽڳ극͸߰棬һһľ壬ûдľĻüľƴһһҪǳ⻬ú󣬲īȥѹ⻬һȾȫɫкڰ壻һǷ۱ʣЩʯҷۣˮָһľͳɡ
շԸȥʵ۾жͬ£ļǵˡӽһ⣬ĵȻǷˡ
ӽ˵£Ѿûá¼ĺʲôȻ̸ô
ʵۿӽæŲңһ¾ӽĽ顣
ӽȡйͼȻָŶĵ˵뿴ŮֻҪһߣƹݣǰԶɽأҪðź󷽱ëɧŵţں㹻ıŮһŶˣپͲ˶ɽأԶǽݵвǵֻҪˣëƱؾ֪ŮӺ󷽿顣Ůһֱϳ̫Զ̫áҲëʲӵǣãսԲơڣɶ򡣡
жڱϿţ򡣡
ӽ˼ĳжЦЦȻëһִߣôһˡԬͨ죬ҪѶǣƹ·ӳû㹻ʱǲܵģر滻ë˵һ顣ǸʱʷˣûǣƵã󻹳飬֮ǰ½ȻǺ飬УҲͷëѣ˸ѹס
ӽ˵ͣһ£ʵţοŵͼǼ˵ڶЪڼ䣬̫㹻ʱһδսۡʷأƹߣţǴǱ߽ˣʦ
жʱʣɵʵū֪ܴ֮ߴͲǧ֮󣬷Ҳһ飬̶̻ءʱ򣬴һ·׷ɱܻȥ
ӽһɵͷҲ֪ʷ棬ôˡѵʷǸʷô
ʵҲҿ϶²ðչ񻯣룬ӽĿǰƣ޸òȡβߣ
ӽ˼µڣ滻ԬԬĿ˽ɱ󽫣ѷ˷ЧĿ޳͢⣬¬ӹܶ򡣡
ʵˣ첻
ӽͿųʵۣ˺һᣬʵ۲˵ԬĹҪһ²ɽطߴ󿪣²㲻·Ҳֱﾩʦˡûһ֧࿹⡣ңԬĶʦһԬ֮⣬֮ǰҲԬＣԽԬ
ӽһڰֵڣүӣ¿ԷġʷϿڴǴϣүӵǼᶨģҲ׳ң
ʵ˲һᣬжôԴ֪жԼ·жĴҲˡ
ж룬ûֱӻشʵ۵⣺£ëܸ
ʵ΢΢ͷһһܵʷлһЩͨĵطһǷǳֵܳʵ΢΢һ̾޲ðհ
ӽʵۺжӣµԼĽܲᱻɣɵеɥһȷʵȽ֣̫ôǧƣ󣬻սʤǰֲûݼҾͰ׸˱ϳԹǿӲӰͲ¾ʦҲľӣ
ʵѶվ׼뿪뿪֮ǰӽҲ֮޵úߡ˵Ǹ¬Ǹ˲ô޻ôһ顣ʲôҪܿںˣô졣޻ҪͲˡ
˵ˣӽҲ˵ʲôȻ˵ʲôϽʵ˵£ȻʷƫԷһǺõģ˾Ǳߣ
ʵ۵ͷȻжܺã㰲ȥɡжһǣ
ʵתߵűʱӽǰϿһ顣ǣϽųʵ۵£и¡
ʵתɻĿӽ£
ӽҪŹԬ׷ĻԱ壬ڸҲУԱ㽫и·ԶǱҲý
ʵˣüë˵֪ˡȻתˡжųʵ۳ŵʱָӽһȻϼ޻


8 
²ܵ飬ӽ뿪󣬳ʵǰĻڸ󣬱ڸڸ巢һԬĻظԻ㣣£Ҽ֮Ͷ̴ӿ顣
ʵ۴󣬼£һֱӶ˲š֮󣬰һһϢʱ䣬ɽʵôϢãľ飬˸е
Ȼж˵ǰڴѯѾϢˡʵ۴ٱ֪
жűߵС¹ٽС¹ٽߵͷ£żҶҹϵʦԬ꣨1623꣩ǰʵɶܱӦðúδʾֱ
ʵˣ첻жС¹ĵ¡ʵ̧ͷжд£ˣе㵣˵Ľ²ƵʦΪʵ
жڶԬĻظѾȥˡ֮ǰҲˣԬ
һᣬʵʲôж飬񻯵ûУж£ɳǰ͡
ʵۼаţͲ˵ˡʵ֪ʱı߾Ѳһսͼϣ²ҪƵˣ㽨²ҪƵϮо棬ϣܼ֣ȸؾӼϣ²֮Ҳܻ֮ý²񻯣ԬݱϮ²ϳв湦
ʵۻǾеƣ鲻ƿУϣ翣ʵڲ˰ġǣͶж˵ߣ޾Ϳˣþˡж룬ڹӦûйϵǻش𣺡ǣ
ʱӽõ˺ڰͷ۱ʣǸþ͹ġӽ˰ƫλã÷۱д˼֣ԡ
һգź۾ţ˵棬˵أأҽ͸
һϽͷ൱Ȥ
ǣӽ÷۱ںڰϻһֻɻȻһ߻һģȻȽϳ󣬵ǱȽ
֮Ű˵ĹߣǷɻöˣɵȥǵҲöˣڵصʻǷɱɻɵϣܿƲϿգ޻һա
ʱ֨ѽһ˽󣬺ܲ˼ָ˵ġ
ӽһЦ˵ҲذǾһɡһָֹͣ𣬻࿴ֿӽ
ӽ֣ͲԥϽΧ˹ӽǽʲô֣
ʱѾĻˣȻĸӽʶ
Ͻҽһ£һĽк躣һϽѣǾʦˡ
ˣ͸Ͻǣֱӽӣɼзôģ
ӽһ㶣ɻ׹͵ǷɻǷɼȻںڰдˡɻ֣ǽɻԭǣϲĿʼʽϣֱϣ
ʵţ֪ߵӽ
жڳʵۺԶԶſţûĵҪˡ
ʵ߽ŷ֣ΪӽˣϽ
ʵһ󣬲ŷӽĭɵ˵ʲôʱϺɫľϻЩдȱ첲ȵ֣һŮ۾Χʵе棺ӽڽʲôأ
ȥҲӽվںĳʵۣϽк£˰
һûӦȷӦŵļæڵأرСȻԼе㶶
ʵ۱ͲôãڷְأǷŭҪӽ˵ˣ£һеģҽΣڽôء
ʵһôأ£Ͼתߣܺʵأжʱĵ߽ĵ¡
Ͻʧʵڶӽ˵طǳȤȻ£Ҳûƽϣֻӽô˵
ǣھͱ˳ʵۣжͰ棨ӽ飬Ӧ߷̣ϰ죬ʵ۲ԭô¡ɵеʧԼǱˡ
ʱӽҲеˣʳʵ۵£ʲôô
ʵһе㲻˼˵û£ߣǷʲôҪ֮
ӽһ˵£Ǻڰ壬Ƿ۱ʣѧŶڿκܲƹ㡣㿴дԲŶǺڰˣҲԲ
ʵ۵ȤǺܸߣԸжǵô¡ȻԥһᣬʵۻǶӽ޸սӵϢȷ¡
ӽ˺ֹͣ˽ܺڰͷ۱ʣһʷˡʳʵ۵´ӦԣǷ׼ȡʲôʩ
ʵ۳Ĭº˵Ѵ񻯣һ²ҪƵֻҪ񻯼ס޵һɼ߽²񻯳£罨²ӻɶɾβ׷ɱˣͬʱý²֮ʣϮ²ϳһ²ӻأҲԪˡ˲ΣʵԽ˵Խģɵ߰
ӽ֮£úܲȻϸ룬üͷܽ£ʳʵ۵£Ҫ㼸һסֱϹҪ֤²ܿ񻯣кͽ²ҰսܽܣЩô
ʵһˣ⣬㲻ˡ
ӽʵ۲˵˵£Ȳÿڴţ˵ԡȫܴļֻȵţȽ²һΧŹǡ
޵ܴӣܺͽ²Ұսľӣ˹񣬺û˰ʵ뵽ɵĶͷʼˡ
ӽԱ߽ˣ£Ĵİ׸˾ǿʷҲܺͽ²ӲӲģ԰ǵ⣬ӪڵսΣǲҲã
ʵ۲˵ˣ죬ſЦŶӽҲΪһһ֮ǲʦ޳ǮӪҲΪûǮ޷ҪЩƦѵڱ˵²ǹҲѾӪܣҲ޲Ԭԭ֮һ
ӽˣǰܶѾۣ˵ڲƣûǮյеһ㣬Ӷꡣ
ӽ£ǵúܶഩԽС˵пָ׬ǮģӦñȽףǶԳʵ˵£ҿһЩ취ܰ׬ЩǮ˵ϱʵץס˼򣬳ʵϲʵ棿
ӽͷ£ӦûģҪĽĲ⣬ؼҪĸҪƶȲУҪʱ䡣
ʵ۵˵ͷ˵֪Ҳ֪ιԴӵ˻ʵ֮ΪǮַˣ˵Ҫ޵ģǰɣ
ӽЦЦͷ˵£ģһͷЩӳȾȼٳԶ˵˵̫ˣֲһııһ׬Ǯ
ͷβԱ߿ţﲻɵĶӽӾǴһ¾˰취˵ѱ˵ʧ̬ˡ


9 ָ㽭ɽ
ӽ룬Գʵ۵£ҲûãǺ˽⵱ǰ˽µǰٸݺľ飬ʵĽ飬Σ
ʵۺܸˣ˵޾֪һʵµˣҪһſھ޻̸̸ֻֽѡӽһɵҲͳʵһЦЦ
ʵЦ꣬룬ӽ˵µ޵ʦ㽲⣬ж䡣޵ܶ࣬ȥ飬뷨ˣٹɺã
ӽһ˵û⣬ȥæˡн˾͸㱨ʵ۵ͷȻԸж飬گ̶ѧʿʼǰ⡣жϽԸȥ
ӽͼһ飬ͶԳʵ۵£ͼڽ˵ϡ䣬رǸͼע˺ļ֣ڵ˿ò㣬еĵһǷͼ漸ݡ
˵ʵʵ۶ͼرӣǰ鶼æӽôһ˵ܵñ̬ãȥ졣
ӽ쵽ʵۺ񲢲ӵ̬ȣǿ˵£ҪСͼԺ£Ŷ磬ͬͬ··ۿݣȻءûͼͬҹ·ߵļ׵
ӽоǺҲջ󣬾ֽ£ںܶطԭʼסлƽ𣬰ͭԴӦоС֣һ졣Ѿʼ̽Ƭ磬Ȼô󺣴Ļƽ𣬰Լˡ۴ɲ󰡣
ʵһ۷Ź⣬Ļƽ
ʵۿʼ󲻾õĽɳȥĴӿƽ˴գװ϶Ӳӣ˽ɫôð
Ȼʵ۸оԼĿˮҪˣϽ˶񣬾ϲȷϵ棿
ӽЦŵͷ˵£۴ܴ󣬵ķΧڣҲġ۴ڵĻƽҪҲкö࣬οĴء
˵ӽʲôɵеգԼԴ˵ôͲһйԴͼһԴͼأǿϧҪǻҪʲô׬Ǯķֱҵھǡ
ӽ̰Ĳ㣬ƽ˼ǻȥԴͼҲûм̯ɵֵͼ
ʵҲľźźҲû취ӦӽϰŴ¡
áӽһ߲£ͼıУЩϵСҲ©һС㣬ʵһǳĺ
ʵ۵ͷжСʰͼȥ˽ġ
ʵȻӽ˵˵һҪǸΪԸֻʱȥæ顣
ȳʵ˺һԵİضӽ˵ӣô֪ôණ
ӽСŮǰ˵ǣҪ磬˭࣬ǷĪ˿ʼװˡ
濴ӽ飬֪ˣҲ⣬ӽӣܲٸū澽磿
ӽʣ磬֪ʲô
е󣬵˵ԣū澴Сڼҳûгšʮʱͱѡһֱûгû
ӽһ˴ûϵҸ㽲ˡϺ֪鶼㿪۽硣ܲȸҵˮȺȣ
һ˵ȥӽˮ
ӽ̵ؿŰæţҲ
жٴιʱ򣬴һĹ١Լʮңݵ°ͣһƳ룬ͦġ
ӽĵʰ鳼ԼϿϲ֪ûд󡣡
Ҳڴӽ·ϵʱжѾϸϸ˵飬Ȼʾò˼飬˻ľվǰһܿΧ롣˵ͣվˣ̬ܸо̬ƽͣģ̬;ڲͬ
жλֱ˽ܺ˫ӽȿڵ´ˣ鷳ڴƣʵǵĽ
°ϵĺ룬Ϸȷʥּ⣬Ȼʵ֮
ͣͣ˼·Ͼ˵ǰΪ²ԵأɶѶʧ²ααսԶһߡΪ䷪ɹŶΪצѵ
˵ӽ޶Եӣ˵͢ϣ˾췴δȫƽϢʹ㶫ݣ϶ʡá
غⱣʹ͢ʹý֮ߣĿǰа֣֥գȺĺƽ
һֱעӽһ㲻ȵӣͽٱϣڣرǱ溮ޱȣֲϡɽɺѾãǧе𣬰ʳʦǰ𡣽㺣ɽ꣬ˣׯڻٻΪ
˵ʱжͣڸʴɫ˼Ǳ˵̫ˣӡ
Ӷ˵ȥ귢Ҳһ˵ţһһ뿴˵ûб֮ܽ⳯͢
ӽţԼ˽šʲ˵ˣʵûˣ
ʲ۳룬΢ͷţ⻹
ӽվߵڰǰ棬Ȼֻͷʰ棬Ĩô
ʺже㲻⣬ӽ
һ㵽Լϣɵ΢еţæӣԵȡ
ȥƫһĨӽӣôǿ˿
ԡ
ӽӹĨѺڰ֮ǰϵĶĨȥˣ»һµйͼȻ˵һһעȥ
Ȼӽȱ첲ȣдúѿҲܲµʲôоһĿȻ
ӽдתͷ˵´ˣô
ʵͷˡ
ӽЦЦ˵´ǻһû˵ɣ
һкδδ˵
ӽ΢΢һЦ˵Σʦ͵طáµĻڻǵĳǮ佫ĵز˰ɡ
ӽ˵꣬תںڰհ״д˴ļ֣ĳǮ佫ϧ
һǰ˵ЩʵǱԼĵû˵Ϊ˵ͬšڵһĵλ֮ǰ˵ֵãû뱻ӽֱ˵˳ˡ
жԱﰵеջôֱףóʵ۵鰡жҲеӽһеġ
ӽתͷźڰ壬ʼ˼ЩǾҪ˷ѡⶼˣô
ӽ˼һᣬĳǮ佫ϧ仰ϼ֡ȻתͷʺжҪ½⣬⣬⣬̫ƽӣ
жֹҵõĳ佫أ
жĻСıӽˣӽЦЦ˵ˣɣҸպ֪ˡ
жʵ˭
ӽʣҲڿ
ǣЦЦ˵ĳԶߣǰʺжһ˴˶£ȻǫϷ򲻸ҵ
ӽЦЦûɶ˼ģʷҵġ佫Ĵ¬ÿսΪʿ䣬²ɵ󱻼鳼սɳжˣﰵڶˣҪӣ̸һһֲ©¡
˵ˣУҲˡʱν˵꣬񾼾Ŀӽһ¿ӽеĴ𰸡


10 
ӽЦЦȻ˵⣬ǰҶ˼ǩʷзģ˵Ļףǻкܶѡ
жʶĿӽȴġ
ӽڴܶ࣬˵ҪӸʼûγЧѲʰˡҲܷʲôͶԸʲôðԻжԭ֢ҩֻԽԽ㣬ʷʵģʮˡ
֮ǰûһ֮£վȵݵúԣжѾֲˣվοʡ
ӽʵ֪Լˣ˵Щҩû˸£ʵ˵ˣڳʵǰѾ˵ˣɶ
ʾ֮ӽ´ˣҼ˵Ҫ۽ķǺأǷǳصۡĿǰ´˶Ѿ˵ˣ˵˵ΪĽķ
ӽ˵صˣڵʵһʱҳв١ɶ²⣬ΪӦڴԬɽأԶݷս£ԲΪȲƽҲ˵һҪƽɱ̫ߣⶫԳϵ¬Ϊ˧ɽزأˮΪɧϮΪҪ˫£²ս̫С޿ˣ̫٣ʧһһأ¬ͣᲢã²Ϊ
ӽ˵ǰڡж񣬵΢΢ͷȴҡͷӽЦ˵´ˣȫۡ
۶³룬˵
ӽͼ˵ֹǰƽѣƼѡǧ֮֮ӥã˿Ϣ֮ƻСͣͬʱǴĳѺͬʱƼг롣һִһֺܲɱͷܣϾֺĶҲ˵ָտƽٲΪ
ӽ˵ںڰϣָϣ˾֮ңѵڵνͨҺ˶ԺӦԣҲƼһʷŮӢİ׸;һ֧ɽսӣô˵ƽϡ
˵Ϻ󣬴ҶĿת˴ϡӽ⣺ڴغĺĿǰа֣֥ԵƵ֮⣬ҪǼϴĽӣڼѵȡ̵ְ
ŶˣʲԼǳ룬ӽˣ
ӽ˿ڲɤӣȻûУҪĻûнأЩֻʱ֮߶ѡ
˵ӽȦºڰϵġĳǮ佫ϧȻؼģҲѵġôԸЩǮĳϧ佫
˵ӽʣЦ˵´ˣҪΪֵʿЦãǿ佱ػǷ̰
ӽɫ֣ص˵ȻһлҪµľģǷдƵֿסĸ̴ѹܶණѾʱˡƣ˰ƶȣԱƶȵȵȡдƿƿ޹ޣƵһľģôˣۣ֮
ӽ治㴵ģֻҪкƶȣԴССӢ֮ĿԱȵġ
ӽﲻݣֵʵһжǱʱ˻һٸǷϢһᡣ
ʿˣ˵̫棬ǲҪ˰Ȱ£ӽûµӡжҲΪӣֻﲻ˵ˡ
վⲽڰǰ۱ʿںڰддܱŤдֻû⡣
֮ǰע⵽ˣڰ壬۱ʶԽѧĺôģرǵʦͶСʵ۲ô⣬ΪĽѧʦΪģΪģһһĽ̵Ǯǻ⼸ֽǮڰ壬۱ʵĹȻͲˡ
жһ۾ԸǰһطȻǳˡ
ʵڻӽĽŬסÿʣװӽִ˵ĺܶʣǰûʣȴ⡣
ӽأǰ󲿷һиֻۺֻ֢
Ϣʱְֻ˳뿴ܲܿϣһ֮£ĻȻһϤĿӽ˷ܵġҮһ¡
ҲϱӽеĶˣ˹ж̧ͷ˹źϵİҲĵӽŲ˼
ֻʵûôˮӽ㶵ģӽˮϰģֻͱ˳һ࣬ڸıˮˡ
ӽ档ȻʲôϽֻϵƬУԼյĺöƬʱһԼԽǰôµأʾֻһˡ
ǣϽж˵Ͻб¹˵ֻˡñ¸ϿĶҪͲܿԶˡ
жգգ۾ʲô˼Ҫܿˣ
ӽ˵ֻֻһˣ汿ҪûˡҪûˡ
һ£жˣתϽܳȥˡ
˶ûע⵽ǲӽȥʵۻ㣬ҪǰǸ˵˭ȥѻʵ۸ңˡ
ӽжܳȥˣ͸Ͻֻȹػˣһһ㰡Աʣ˺˴æñ¹㣿
ӽһʶԼеûע⣬ÿζǳʵܹԼģϰˣԲǡ뵽ɵεЦЦϽʽɶתע
Ϊ͵󣬸߾ʯ֮Ǭߣ̨ţߣԻţԻţ̨ţƽ̨Ⱥʵڹ̹¡
ʱ򣬳ʵۿжҴ˹֪϶м²ţҿ϶йӽġɵеţ̾گжǰ
жǰĵ˵ֻ飬ӽ˵ֻˣ¾ǰȥһۡ
ʵһƲȺҴˡµȺ㿴ңҿ㣬һͷˮҲû˵ɢֻôǣһȺСĿʼ˽
ʵһʾ˵һߣ񣬳ʵһ֣˵䲻ض񡣡ȻͲˣֱӽֻã޿
ǣӽֻ󣬸˳ʵۡ
ʵһ߿ֻһ߻ֻ棬ַȥɺ󣬳ʵۿҲҶ¸㻵֮ʾӽ
ӽӳʵ½ӻֻȻƬУʵչʾƬܸ¥ãɻԼӷɻĵƲƬɽ루ɻȺ͵͵ĵģȵȡʵ۷ǳĶֻ棬Ȼָһ˻ɣжһܺ棬Ѳĳģϣܿһ㡣
ӽһ˼˵ģǣǵӰǳϷģٵġ
ʱȻһУСģ
ӽ̧ͷһʵ۱һϵ̣Űذףʵ۵ı
ڵʯ䣬ӽ͵һƳʵۡذ״Ƴʵֵӣ̵ӽֱ档


11 
Ǹϵһ̴ˣ΢΢һ㶡
ʱܵĴ̼£ӽֳȭ͵ĴǸ̵ϡӽȫ֮ȥһȭɲˡ
ʱıȥһ飬񱻶סˮϵѪӱǿ׺ͬʱͷһˤȥ˳ذҲӽֱϳ˳
ӽһ¸оۣ۵֣֣Ǳذ״еĵطͷذ״еĵطѾˣϸ뱬ͷһΣˡ
ʱΧ˶Ӧˡжһܵʵ۵ǰ棬ŷ𳾣ڿƣס˳ʵۡ
Ҳһߺšץ̿͡һܹȥӽƵĳʵۡſڵĺ躺ϽѼæ鵶ϵ̡
ʵ͸жӿĵ̿ͣæҪġ
һʵ۷ԸĹһΪ˵ȥ
һɱʧܣԼҪ׽֪ûʲô³ģذ״ԼĶӡ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ϽѵĵȵˣľǴ̿ذ׵֡
ֱ̿ݺݵһסذ׵ȥڵµĹУ̱ٶȺϽѵٶȵӣذ׵ķǴ̵һƤ
գۼ䣬̿ͱϽѺͺסˣ˳һŰѵϵذߵԶԶġ
ʱ򣬳ʵҲʰæվԼֳֵ֮⣬ǵʱֱе۶ѡ
ʵҪ˵ںӣӣôˣ
ʵһʹ͸ӽĹŮ棬ʱѾܹӽˡ
濴ӽѾԣŵеˣ뺰ӽȻӽֱϵƣѾ׳ɴͷˡǰӽڻ̧ӽֱۣ˵ж
ʱʵ۴СܶΧ˹ӽֱۣϽ촫ҽ
һԵʿˣѺ躽˹ȥ˵˿Ѫ
躸ϽõӽֱϸһӣȻ˫ֻּһɺѪ˳һȳ
ȻǸ̿ͷЦҶɵ̧ͷȥ
Ǹ̿ڳ˶ЦذϵĶѪǰæġϧʵ۵汳
˵Ȼˣǿף˺Ѫͷһᣬˡ
ʵۺȻһ£ҪӽĻԼѾݱˡ
躼˺ܶѪѪɫʱҽϵˡǼǾˣæһšʵжʵȰ˵£Ƽݱĵطǰ֮̿£ҽؾȻӽ
ųʵ֮󣬺ǶοʣڸҲ̽ӣǺһƬ֡ӽ˵Ҳ֮˿
ʵڰƽһο֮̽󣬶˼һᣬȻʻжӽ֮Ѳ֮ס֮ʮ֮ж֪
ж£˵£Ӧþֻбū澺ʡ´֪д͸ӽĹŮҲ֪ж˵е£ǲҪڰ
ʵ۵˻ᣬ˵ǰȥ氢棬ڶ⣬گʼݡжҪתǰȥ£ʵְסˣʵ飬Ȱʼϸϸ˵֪
жһ£ūһˣ¡Ȼжһ߻䣬һ˵ʷĶ˲ţ䲻һֲ©Ķʵ۸ˡ
ʵҲ˵ţŹ˺ܾú󣬲ж飬ôģ
ж֪ʵۻ׼ˣ˵£ūΪȷʵԺڳԣȻԿţ߿á
ʵˣ˵ã˵֮⣬¬ѣ񣬺г޹ĿȻ̾˿˵֮֮δϸ˵вң֮ʧ
ʵ˵ָжּҽӽоȼ֮ؾȻвزģȥɡжȥ
һڵּ
Ϻ󣬳ʵ۴Ȼʵն°令йһңñܾˡ
˿֮󣬳ʵ۾ֱˣ°䣬ӽ֪֮֮նԻΪΣ
ڽӵʵ۴ּټʱ򣬾Ͳµ˳ʵټĿģЩ˵Щ˵ˡش£Ϊӽڳԣǣȡ衣Ȼʱף֮пȡ֮
ʵһޡһ£ȻԼã
ʵ£ӽֻʮ֮Ϊпǣȡ֮ӡȻǰ֮͢ӽ֮֮ˣں£渶̸䲻ټ֮ˣԣ֮΢Ϊ˳ɿš
ϼ޻ʵۻû˵ȱʾʵҪ֮ҸͲŵġȻӽоټˣŵģ̫ˣΪӽټ棬Ҳڰ˼Լڳеѡǲ׸ôҪǷɵðˣӽ˵ġ
ʵ΢΢ף˵֪Ƽ֮šʵۿ˿˵ӽ֮Ͳ˵ȥˣá
ʵͷ۽Ǵһ˿Цصǣ¡
ʵۿ˼˵ҲˣؼϢɣӽ֮޻ῼǵġ
ҲﵽԼĿģʿɶֹǾȥ
ʱѾҪˣʵۿɫǹϵԼȫĴ̿⣬ʹگᶽܻܻʷǳ²ִƶģС˵Ҫ΢ǰ˵㡣
ִܻƶûã˹дɱʵ۵Ĵ£̿ͻһ̣˵˰˱ùųʵ۴گͷ󺹵ظȥʥݡ
ʵۿŹڵϵĲܻһ˿ŭѵ⣺Ϊᶽģת۾ɱޣȸûв̫ʧˡ
ܻڵϣȪӿͷ£ū֪֪ʱǧҪʵ۶ţ˵ԼŸִƶƨɶûأô췴ӦģҪ˵
ʵҲ֪ʵܻܶͷϣҪҲֻܹ£ڿܻ̬ȿԣ΢ѹ˵ŭʵ̿ûУ
ܻСĻش£Ѳ̿飬ʱةСĻȻİ֮ľκͱ£ʮΪֱ䲾ƫĵࡣūסδѵκһҩһƿūΪ´κͶģѰɱ˵꣬ӻͳڸʵۿ
ʵһȷʵƺҩƿüʵͬ
ܻһͷū׷鵱С
ʵ۵֮ڸ޴𰸣¡
ܻ£ҽǰ
ʵһ֪ӽ¿ие˾綾֪ܾܲȻ
ǣʵ۸Ͻټҽ


12 
ҽջƣƽⶾ
ʵҲϻֱʹڵϵĻҽӽΣ
ҽ£ӽֱ۵Ʋأδ˵ǡ鷳֮Ϊذо綾
ʵĵⲻϻô˭֪顣׷ʵΣ
ҽ¶ɻ֮ɫ£˶ѲΪ۶֮˳泣곤Ϊۻȳ֮أ亱䶾Ƭ̼ܶǳҿж֮Ѫһ˵ȣһ΢ܾ֣ӽ츳˶Ӱû΢֮Ŀǰڻ֮У֮ǡ
ҽ֪ǣӽǸʱڵع͵İΧ֮УⰷɶĽи֮ķΣĵֿѷǴʱ˿ɱȡиЦ˵飺˵ϷΣĻҴһ쳯ˡ
ʵһҽ˵ӽ֮ǣɵ˿ǣ˵ˣ֪ӽʱѣ
ҽ˼Ƭ̣¶ɫ£΢ίʵ֪˵£΢ҲΪһμʵаպʱѣ΢Һ۾
ʵ룬ԸӦþͲİɣҽ˵µΣ˵Ҳգ޾͵ȸˡǣûҽˡ
˵ʴӹгֱӻؼˣصҺ󣬰Լ鷿˭ҲôţȻʰѽӽ˵Ļϸϸļ¼ӽȫµκͼʡݣעȥһǽϣǰ棬ϸϸĹš
ʵһֱд־ĩεĸһһҲϿž׸ĸĸʩرһ޷Ϊһ޷ù˰ӣʵǺ棬˵һ޷ǺݹϰգִеĹԱһ޷ڰնһ˰ĹУٰѹΣԭȰշܻģҲεҪŮӶԣΪǰΣΣ⣬κθĸﶼ̸ֽ䲻ʵ
ͬΪĹٳΧͬŻ϶ǿ̸֮߹εƤһףȴֻͣƤϡȻԼϸҪԼ̰ߣƶʵ£ȴڻ֮УΨԼŬ׸λϣʵΣʵеı
ҲмںЩ̸ͬϽᵳֻԼĬĬܶ˵ȽᵳѣҲ֪ʥϻϲ㡣ͬҲη塣һ˿ı䡣
ӽĳ֣Ӱ˳ʵۣʵӽ⣬Ҳ˵ԼӽĹϵǢܵʵ۵Ĳ¼ɣԼе˷ܵӽҲȷ⣬Ǹͬˣؼж˵ӽٲȤԺԼͻСǸֵúĶ󡣵ϧǣΪȼݶ̿ʹУǰذףͲɵΪǸ˵İ
ĬĬţֵ󿴲˲ŷɫ鷿ǣŻʹķĬĬ˵˰ǧҪͦס
ʦ¥һĺľǶҵĶؾ֮ǧƮ㣬ΪʦһõСæкˣʱӴŴ߽һˣ֮꣬ϿŶ³룬ԵÿʷǳһţͺССϷǰ˰
Сһкæ߹ȥ͹ۣɣ˰ˣ͹Ƿ⡭û˵꣬ͱ˴ˣݵ÷ϻϷѣǰͷ·
СһЦݣϽ·ٱѵ
ƿһߺȾƳԲˣһһ껪ĸ輧еСǽȥֵֺˣ
λϺȾƵһæҲվ˵͵ܳٵ÷
˫һϺ󣬶ֶ˿Сø輧˵˳˰䡣
ξϯĶոߣݣԬѫΪԺʷֻ߽ݿ˵͵ܣŹдţһˣͻȻڱǰԻˡӲĳƹǣҥԣҪ˷ˣ˵׼ԴΪд£ϸ£˵һȭ
ԬѫһܣʵʲôˣȻصĶԸ߽˵֣û˵֮£
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ʲôд£˵д̱£߽һ
Ԭѫһæ˵һΪֳִذ״ӱд̣ȫ²ŰȻ
߽һȻ૵Ѳ·̫ӲŸ£Ҫв⣬ٹɣǴ֮
Ԭѫֵ»ȲҪдˣ˵Ϊá
߽ݳԬѫֵ͵ѣΪЩ͵һ˸׼ƱжǣԬѫȵˣ
һ͹ۣСøϲˡȻ𣬹ȻǸϲ˵Сǣû֮Ҳû̸£Ⱦƾ˺ҡ
˵С˻ص¥£īƹǣ̲סƹƹģǿǸģ
ƹһСɶֻźñǣź򲻺ãҲȲ㣬˼ҿǳ͢ʷ
СڨڨЦǣǡ
ҹСؼҺɴշת࣬˯ţϱˣ˵أȥģò˯ˣǲǵǸõˣ
Сһӣϱ˵ӵ£Ҫ˵ѵ֮󣬽ţص˵ô
ϻǰһȥˣֲǲ֪ŶĻеĪ
СҲΪ⣬ѹ˵ҸһܣǧҪ˵ȥ
Ů˶԰ĺ棬һаԣϾ˾ˣ˵ãû⣬ǳĽ
СƲƲ죬ʵڱﲻס͸ŷˡ˵ڵ͢Ա˵һܡҲСˡ
Сŵĺָһǵæʵʲôܣ죬˵˵
ʱСˣܵӣ˵˵Ҳܲţǲ˵˰ɡ
żˣҡС๫๫⻰˵һ룬ڿУˣ˵ɡ
Сܵ⣬˵뻹ǲ˵˰ɣҲҽͷ
СŭˣһšСĶƤ˵ǲ˵еʱ˾ǼСϽģȻ˵ӣΪڵ͢Ա˵һɣ־ͰһɱʥϵĴ̿͸ˣ˱һ˵µġ
Сһȵĳˣʥϣ
Сһˣ˵žˣ˯СֲȥǣӶһֿ̽ʼ


13 ɶ
ڶ죬гʵ̵ϢʼмˣǵĻһ±档Ů˶иģʦգ̾ĿʼԼϢͿ
ж˵Ƚб۵ģһ˵ǹģ˵ĳճһˣ԰ĳǰأƼ˷ᵽ½Ϊ֮ӣ֮°빦ǡ㵽ѣʴ˳ȡ
һڸŮ֮䴫ıȽϹ㣬˵ĹԱģ˳ʦըĺ֣ȵȶ˻˼ģ̫ۼֵ̫󻰣ͥ·ǰ½ħ˴죬԰иӦ̧ͷʱƮһϼƣվһɣɶʥ˵ѣط̫֮ǰȻգ۾и˶ڹ뺦ʥϣһָǸ˾ˣԭǸ󾫰
ԽԽûˡ
ʵۣһ̧ͷתתӣжһӹʵõǺδ£
жص£ӽԼϡ
ʵһæٳ޹ۡжߵߣݸ
ʵۣϰ۷ŵһߣϸϸĿжıӡֻܵ
¬ֽžֱ̨ݸˣʿ£ߪԱɣδ֪Ű飬ϲ䡣
گɽͬˣɶӾƳì¹λɶżԬ¡
г룬ݣźţȪݸϰضʮ߶Ӣɽϼˣʮ꣬ΪƵԶ׵ʮͽʿ̲˾£꣬ߪ㽭ѧ£꣬Ǩ飬꣬£ԭҫݣٱ»֮׷ն׼
أĴˣǧˣʮһԩУ˾ϮϮ֮ƣϮʯdʹԪ£ɽأŰܽ²͡ɼΡҶھˣƷƽжڶ£ܱ١ƽ֮ҺĴ
ʵۿ֮󣬾þòȻж⼸ˣΣ֮ʿֻǴǰѶ²Ԭ¬گֲ޾ΪŮкܣ档ּ񣬺гʥ
жּһ£ǶԳʵ۵£ӽԽ²ƵϮʦˤ׸;˴ʥǷҪ
ʵ벻Ĺ⣬̾˿˵֮£ݻ֮жһʵ֪̾ӵ£ҲͲٶ˵ˡ
У̫գС¡Щͷ֣ҲⲻѹǷȥھǴ硣˵ԣûǸ˵̫Ӳˣȥܻڣο滹һûţƤǣвͨһ˵ֱȥţƤǸɵˡ˷ˣ˵ţƤǱ۴ҪȥǿολţƤǴ۴̣ȥ˶ˣţƤǾô޴ʹɣͷӦǮգĻվȥûһķ
ڴ׼ɢʱ򣬶ܱ١ƨƨߵܽնԺֳסһ١ˣȻԼˣδܽͳˣҲֱܻ̫Ӿˣ⹷ūţû£ǲǻҪ԰е񣿡
١Աͦ˵ģ̫ܽˣôһһϽſϿͷūŸūŸūϲѶ档
̫ҲΪһֶ죬١˵ϲѶ˵ôҲǴܱˣػǺϲѶʧ̬
١Կ˸ͷ˵ūƤϸͻһϢ˵ɶʦԬ³նɱƤܱë
ʲôһͳסˣһվ˵˵һΡ
١Լ¶죬һ췢һǣֽͰ͵˵һ顣
̫һϲ⣬վߵ١ǰ¿кʵ
١һ̫ߵǰʻ֮վæֹصūųʼҲţʵëȷʵԬĻ̻̣ѳһɢɳ
̫һĴЦҲЦˣջΪţƤͷۣûһգţƤǾԸˡ̫Ц˵𰡣𰡣նһػ̫
̫ЦŽ˼յĹأȻ١ԣȥˡȥ֮󣬻̫ëһȥĶΪպ󼯺ϰǰԬ硣ռţƤȥȻ壬׷׻ȥԼ׼磬һƱȥˡ
˵٣ԬɱëʧɫҲפصĹˣȥԬ
Ԭĸ˽Լ֪Ǻ£ںðż١
һԬˣҲˣֱʵʦǻּȥɱëôɽӰëһȥݵѹʹ˰²ûк֮ǣȫ򲻿ɡ
Ԭ⼱ͺȵ²ţ˽֮ɫ㿴ӣɺͳ
ٱôһֻʰԼҵ顣ȻԬ˵ˣʦʥּ˳зɱ֮
ٸպö豭ȿڲѹѹԬôһ˵һûƽ豭ѵһµ˵ϣ˼ꡣ
ҲܲˮʪЬӣͰ͵˵ë󶼶ҽӡзһƷ٣δʥͬ⣬ɱ֮͢Ȼʱ
û˵꣬ͱԬˣ˵ؾţû£˽ףëҲҵǲɱֶͣͣ˵²ǱߣҲ׼ټɻڣݸԶݣ²ҪôҪ˷Ǳɡ
ԬǿӲ֮ǰ̹ˡȻͬɱëҲѾɱˣ˵Ҳûˡ˵ԬҲ˻ڣݣ׼ǾɡΨһĵľǳ̬͢ˣڵҲûáǣ˻ڣݶء
Ȼúپ˳͢ԬϢһҲͷˣԬʦĺ̨Ӳⶼû£ԺɵεıסȲСھ͵Ľ²ˣǾһ߼ӽǷ裬һ߰ҹԶԶ˳ȥֹ²ͻȻǡ


14 ûǮ
ԴڳԪ걻ʵźһֱãżȣûǰķ⡣ΣʵʥּҴ̿ͬһӾɹ˳˻ʺ󣬹Լжûɧҵ֮⣬ǲĹＦɹ
ʼֻǲƽغ߶֮ˣκǱȻʲɱ˵ˣκȣڵĳʵǴκ͵м˸Ҹ߶Ȼ鲻ʲôǣΧͿʼˣʼ֮ǰκȽ׽ˡ
ʵɱ¼ܼ򵥵ģһֱκ͵˿ģʵɱˣǰһֱûлҲͰˣպӽ֣Ȼ󱻰ŵֵƫʵΪǹڱȽϰȫӽָһһըģжûϸʵ۵İȫ
⣬ĩʱڣػʹɶѾǳɳˣݴʹС͵˹С͵ӰӶûֻ׷鵽һǽϴӶѡ͸һõĴɱʵ۵Ļˣ۶֮൱ʱżõģǴɱ¼ȫ
Ȼģ¼ĿʼˣгıԹıԹʵûûԹľͷơȻЩǲܻĬģвָʾģǧѷġ
죬ոӽιʳȻӣӽĴǰӽԵڣӽǰҪˣҲ˵ѱʵʹ͸ӽ⼸ദ͸оӽûаһʹѾߣƵģһоӽǰһƽȵˣѣֻһĽˡ뵽ɵʵﻹһֶǿߣ˵б֮˵Ľ֮飬ֻûֶѡĬĬ𣬿ӽ
ʱƫűֱƿӣſڵһߣȻұʾ㷴˼
һӶŰ˵ǰǲ
е㾪ŵվ˵ǡȻǸ˵·ˣһˡ
һΣ£ûʲô鰡
һеĸֵ˵ɱµĴ̿ͬѾйһݣԹԸߣһ
˵ĴסˣһᣬŷӦŵûûУҲǣҲǴ̿͵ͬһǼǴˡ
ʵѹûʲô̿ͬй飬ܹεĵطιˣӺȻ˵иаĹŮɣƽسԼЩöóһ׬˲Ǯܹթˡ
һСﱻŵĲˣһۣһֱûпڵǸ˵ˣҲǴ̿ͬǸᡣ
һϽͷҲð濪ͷͼȻ˿ڹ㿪һ£ҲǺ鷳ģҲ֪ٲҪǸ˵ֱ꣬˱ӵӡ
°ˣԭǳġʽǿ͵Ǯְɣ͵ͷȥһԼķ䣬ȡԼĻԶ˵ллλæҵȫæȥͨ¡
һЦ뻹ͦϵġӵһɫͱˣŰݺݵôӣ򷢽лӰ
ŵ˺һί˵һʮӣȫˡƽŮ˵ܾͲˣ԰ǵƷ˲ǮиһϰɣһǮûСӾñϷŪˣ߳ŭصôණôһǮȻ㰮ǮҪӾͳȫ㣬ߡ
ʵΨʵԩģһҥǿŵģڶȷʵŮܣǮίȥģЩ۸һŮӣڹﲻ飬ѹ͵ļ۸ظһ󲿷Ǯˡ
ֱӹȥ˵ֻǮˣһҪչ˹ӣ鷳λкãæҼҹӾȹʥϣʥصģ˾ûչ˹ˡ
Ӵ߷˵ʱʲôûţֱǰѰߡ
ŵʱſڵң֮ǰĶΪػˣ⣬ܴߣʥϰˡһŭ⻹ðͷǣһȥ
񻯣˳ѲţֱŸ򾲶ƷſվųǹıԵׯ£һϰշǾ·ɵʱ򣬶ǾѲһ·ߡ
죬һȣ·ϵϡ٣վŵıҲԵģ᲻񡣺Ȼһʱ򣬻·ܣ񾭲м¡̧ͷȥԶԶĴϷһй٣ŵСͷĿʶ㣬֪ʥּġϽһ߰һͨһ߰ȥ
ǰǰǣס֣йҲ໰ֱӵּѲ˳ݶʷԪţǰͷ·
Ԫţֺףɽ̫ԭˣʱںϢʥϴּϽ°ã׼ּйٹڴվ˵ʥϿͣѲ˳ݶʷԪŽּ˵ȱá
˵ȶ˳ȥ󣬶һȻվڴŶߡ
һойٿʼʵ۵Ŀͣɶб䣬Ϊ²ƹɽأɹţͻ룬ʦ䵱߾裬һ⽨²֮޵뽨²սһټ²Ϊܣһ֪֮ɡ
Ԫ˳ʵ۵Ŀͣһ㶣֮ǰ˵˼ɶʦԬɱƤܱëʥôƲ²ҵķȥԬôԶܰɣǰҲû
Ԫô룬ʵ۶ô˵ˣ򹤵ģô죬ֻհ¡ǵּ
ּ֮й׼ǣԪŴһӣźۼй٣ȻıԶǣ֪֪жϿݣ
ۼҲ֪й˺ôܵ˵㣬ͣ£ѹ˵ŹˣµĽ顣˵ֵģĹٶһӣ˵ֵģ¸Իڹ˵Ԫʣæˡ
ԪҲûٹּܴй٣Ը˼ˣɶˣʥϳ⣬ö˶˵ҪǮȻѾּˣܵҪһ淢ˣûи׼ҪԲ˶ˡ
֮ȥҴ󰲿ڲνڲνŰ£Ȳν򴺵˹»顣
֮ǰ̭䣬²̫ƽ̭ʵΣΪݶȱ͢ȡı֮ߡҪսýֺͷ֪ҪΪݴˮˡ
Ԫŵﻹһݣ֮ǰ̭ΨһһôҲûзԳʵۿ͵̡νһԪôһ˵ֿˡ˵ֵµıɴֻ̿ˮԼʳѵĸ˵ôãûһֺ׶ˣսҲֲڶ¶ƨˣǲҪİһɣۻͳһ߿ᡣѲҪԣ»ɡ
ԪҲҪЩ˰£ҲϵǵķӦͿʼּۻۣ˸ʿʮһҹɹŲԭٶٵľãΪۡ
»Ԫſ˸ۺò׻ľ裻ν˸߲ҵĻȥˣѲ˸Щжٻ浽ʿϵЦݾ֪ˡ


15 ͵
ܻڳʵ޶޵ĵ磬òˣˣĴ̿ͬϣֱʵۻ㱨
ʵһǲܻ֪Ǵ̿͵£µȻǺģæͣͷĹжù
һһôô̿ͬŭˣ鲻֪һŷԼôΣյĻ⻹˵á
һģԲܻʵ
ܻʵһҲǾ˵ˣûκβūŴӴ̿׽֮˲֮й˳ϳġ
ϻģûֱӿ϶Ļش֮òƻش˳ʵ۵ʻû˵һֵġ
ʵۺأվ׼ܻǱӣ˵֮ͽټ̣ŮȱУЧȡ
ܻŵ
һᣬʵ۰ɵеɻ̧ͷʵۿȥֻʵ̿ˡﲻɵһʲô©˰ɡ
ԭʵҪеʱ򣬺Ȼ۾һϤ֣һЩϤ֡档
ʵۻȻ̧ͷʵϵ˶ʵˣ
ܻһʵ̬ʻ֪ʲôطܳ©ˡǸϽص£ūŸִƶСūŵʱūȷϹ˵ʵ
ʵܻôһ˵Ҳ˵ģԼȷǣ˵ϵİ棬ʹ͸ӽģӽȼݶԣϣʱҲȾжӽӦòǴ̿͡
ʱԱߵж˼ҲˣļҲץˣ漰ɱµ飬֪޹Ҳ顣ôõĻ᲻þ̫˷ˡǼװȵ˵ѽôǴ̿ͬأūżҲһľţݲȷˡ
ǳжǸʱԱߵİ棬һľţ˵Ѳôݸ壬죬Ĳ
ʵۼ֮һжҲԼжϣ˵ðݣҪʡ
ܻﰵжһ䣬׼
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ڶûʲôŰΪصչ˶ֻŵĹǺȽ㲡
һͼæڵأųʵ۵£ȾȹӣȾȹӣһûˡ
ʵһһϽٴҽжҲˣæߵſȥȥҽ
ܻһƣӽڱôҪǰôû˵ءʵҪ־Ҫպǰȥˣʵ̵ʱջûԡ
ʵ۷Ըʰʸ޵Ĵ֣̿µ棿
˭ɵĳأ˵Ҳȷʵǡ
汾ʵ۴ҽȥտӽˣһɣʵһʣæϻصūԩūϹӣӴ˵Ǵ̿ͬӾᣬūȫӸǣū澵̫٣ͱץΪͬˡ£ūʵԩ
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ʵһɫܻ
ܻûָʾ˵ҪðӣСͲ۾ֵ֪µ˽Ļ
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ʵܲˣ֪˵ʮ֮˾ģ漰ްΣ֮Ҳƣˮֺܴˡ̫ʧˡ
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жһϲ⣬Ͻл
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ʵһӽӹŹ˻һǺգˣûѣǸ鷳£޻кܶҪѯء
Ļһ޾ȥˡǣһİ˵㼰ʱѣתΣΪҪ㣬Ҫʲô
æµ£ȻعӣūѿĲѣū澲ʹֻܼͣϹӡ֪ʲôʱ򣬰һѵӽϡһҹ̸ɣûйľùһڹееһġ
ʵ͵ĵͷ԰Ļػеǳ⣬˵ʹȼˣԺҪԸᡣ
룬תжɱŹץİ棬ȱˡ
ж˿⴦Ƕˣŵ
£ɼᣬӴ򱤷·һ·ɽ̣һ·ɽֱ˽ݡ
פؽݵԬѣ׼˷Ĵڣഢݣҹգ͵Ϯɡ
ںĴڣ̣ҲǿһŽݣӣɢʵ⣬ɱ⣬չ⡣
ǰߣԻûʲôյģһЩݳǵС˺
ŴϺ󣬼̲ˣʹ˫̨ߣ·Сӵʱ˳ҲˡæͻؼոԼʳȥˡ
ݡ
ʵָʧ˵ǲûӽ˵Ľ²Ƶɴ˿ɼӽ˵ʮһģʧǽ²ƵԼ뽨²񻯾ս뷨òʵˡ
Ϣ񻯣ѲԪһʥϲ´ˣǸϽ֪ͨνѾûˣٹӦˣ֮ǰԼֻͣˣͣҲûϵݲˣԼŰɡ


16 ʥ
гӵϽʥʥּʱú֣ʲôʱ׼ôֵǮˣ׼ܽʥˡ
ʴּҲʲʲôԶ·ĵطּģȻʲôĸ֪Ǵʵ
г²ɶ£Ҳˣǻ£ʰʰʹּĹһǸϡ
ԴӽΪûչ˶󣬳ʵ۷ԸӽÿһԼÿܶ˰ɣҲ˵
ϧӽ˵ǸֻĶԼûϸٿһ飬ͱ̿͸ˣǸֻҲˤƲˡ
ֻһЩƬóʵ۽󿪣кöණӽ֪ʱܲҪӽ˵˵Ƿ飬Ȼ˵˽²Ϯʦ飬ܶݽĺ˼޿ܲܽǩ¡
ʱж˵гǰݣʵһ㶣ȻӽƼĽ˷ѡ֮һǣƽ̨ټ
ŴѡҪòģò뵱ٲûУǳ١ʱĺг׳꣬ʮ꣬Ũü룬һࡣ
ʵһ֮£˸õĵһӡƽ󣬾˵޾ټ䣬˵˷˺ĵã֪ܷ˵˵
гһ˹ȻǶ׼Ĺͣ˭ƼأԼڳкҲûǿԮ
룬ʥϵ⻹ǵϻشģǵ¹΢ҵ΢ѣһ뷨
ʵֱӺԺгǰĻ˵
гص£֮£֣طò伢񣬼ΪвĿǰзԭ֮ƣò롣
ʵһһ岻΢΢ǰ㣬ʵԺ֮
г벻Ųæ£΢ߡ
Ŷߣö죬ʵǣϵʵߣ˵
г𣺡ϲߣȫ֣ʳԻɢȥʣ༸Ϊǡ
ҪôʳҲ˯þˡʵҲ˵Ϳźг롣
£ûʵ۷гͼ˵ˣвߣ߽磬ӣȫɱһݡ
ʵһôУ޵ȫɱˣͣο˻ô˵ޣ²֡
²ߣǽ˸ãȽ˺󸧣ݶΪΪ͢ô¡гҲȳʵˣһ˵꣬Ȼȴʵ˵
ʵ꣬ĬĬĲ˵̾˿ǮⰡûǮӽĲۣҲֻѣֻҪл·Ͳ췴ˣĻȥ˰
г뾲ĵȴţ֪ʵ۲ѡʵԼ˵ߣ͢Ϻܶ˶֪
ʵ۴⣬ͶԺг˵ɶѺľ⣬Ŀǰȫ֣ȻҲ޵βŴ޾²ĿǰĿ֮ߡгǰ⡣
гһǰ򵹡
ʵ۵޷ΪѲȫ˷ˣݾͽ˸ãܾȾȣ찲
гһҪԼҲ̫˰ɣֲܲɣԼôŬҪÿΪʳסµˣСʱƶһֱӡԺ
гּлΪӽƼгԭʷǰѲ
г֮ʱʵҪúøɣĴ󵨵ĸɣ޵ͿˣϣհҪ޵һƬΡ
гʾû⣬ﰵ̰ҪʹܣֲԲݣôΪ֮ʣֻûȥɱһƬ˵ˡ
ߴߺгûã͸ϵʦˡ
ȺгļḻˣһλŮʵ۷ǳȤƽ̨Ӽ
ܱ佫һװ˶ĸŹĿף56䣬޽ż׷Ӣˡ
ʵһɵðһȻҳؼҡʼݡ֮ľ
Գʵڽݡͷʦе㲻Ҳ˹佫ǰ
ڱʵһͨһ˿֮ľɢˡ
͸ݾһһʮĸʵ˵˵нڣоգĳʵ۽ζ·侳
˵󣬳ʵڻζ֮Ȼ޽ǵİ׷ɱ¶˵Ůǰ£ǲˡ
⻹˵ãսɳϲľǱ˵ˡʵ۱ʾһ㶼ϣţұָ㿴
ǣڻʹ㳡ٲȻһ׳ӧǹóʵ۴кáŮĹȻδϡ
˻صʵǰʵͷ֮·ܱʫһףѧͼԧձܣαؽɷ
Ҳˣ˵Ժ˵£ԶǧҲܲĸǣʹóʵʫԴ󷢣һףԲóɣһ볤ӧӣ˭ɳУ
ٱ֮ʣʵ۷ΪһƷھˣúްɾɶ鲻ģΪѵģ˵ް
ûԼһŮ֮ɱ˿أزº֮
˵һû̵ٺôոʳһͳƣ񲻹԰ô죿ͷɡ
ͬĵطͬˣҶ֮󣬻̫һȻ˵ˣѵõĻᣬôһ⣬ʲôð취һʡ
մƺͶհһԼָȥڿһԼİָ覴ãҲϸѰҡ
çŶ̩һû˵ȿˣ˵ʲô۵ģȻȥȡˡ
С֮һİøҡҡͷ˵磬ǸȥӦ
çŶ̩صЩڣǵڴ˶ٷ͵Ъ˵ġ
çŶ̩ôһ˵Ͱ۾̫Ϊִ̫󣬼˺ĵλֲ֪öķʽû̫ͬ⡣
̫ǶЦЦ˵磬ūȥڣ˭ѵҪŮԼô˵ȥаٷְٵİչô㹥һǣĲǵô
һҲǸվֳ
һᣬСĶ쿪ˣ˵ǾȥʺˣǱ泼ǣﻹںüȥģ浱ǲ֪
̫ҡҡͷȻ͵ʼѹ˳ǣܹ鲻ֵģˣô˳ǵɹŸͻĵġ
Сֹһ䣺һˡ֪ǲеģͲ˵ˡ
˭Ҳûһ⣬ɫֻ顣
̫ʧĻصסأ鷿ٷĳ˵֮ܽǡ̫ϲϽټ


17 
ĳ̣ܶŻɶˣǱ෶͵ʮе̵ǣĳ̸෴Ϊӡ
̫ټæȥδ̫ǰ͹򵹿ͷūߵӣūкϢӡ
̫֣ܶ˵
ĳ̹Ŀһͷվ
һվͷַĳ̸ӿ࣬Ũüۣòã֪һΪǸǹŪ佫أͷԺһСӣȴֽʾѷǴжǿϧһƤңһڡ
ĳ˵ӣūűҷѺˣݼ࣬۴Ժˡ
̫ˣһɣãá˵꣬תһ룬ֵϴûٽ鱦¸˶Ǯ
ĳ̸Ͻο̫ӣ˵ǷҲ޷һϢܽĿǰ֮
̫סˣվƵǰʵǺϢ
ɽһ߷ʿ²壬һ͵ر񻯣ϲһ֮ǰ̭䡣·Ѻݹ·ɹŶոԹԡ
̫һæߵԱǽϹҵͼһߵķĳСϣڵͼָ̫漰
̫ŵͼ˼š
ĳ̫̿ɫѵëѲΪ
̫תͷĳ̣ȭһƣôȫ֮ǰһΡ
˵Ȼһһˡ
̫ĸԣˮˣǹЦĳЦӸ߼
Цˣ̫߻ŷĳ˵ѷнҪԺʵһ顣
һ򣬷ˣף¿ͷڳūŰݼӡΪ׷棬ʲô̫ǴǮǮȻǴˣ
̫Ͱ׵Ľ˽ӴԱεǷʾлһǽõģĺˣǮһ㡣
Ȼٴκʵ˸ղŷĳתϢڵõ϶Ĵ𸴺󣬲ɵϲüҡ
һ̫ôˣ˵ӣǶѣΨһȽ鷳򣬴Ѳ˳ݶʷԪפأʵԱȽǿ
̫һЦݣüͷԷ֮Ҵʿ֮ͣ´˳ʧΣ
񻯾࣬ҴūŵĹƣʮͤҪȥֹͤ˵㣬ȻĿصġ
̫˲ɵһ˿ڲŶٰս֮ʿʮȥʧ𰡣ʷƹأ
ӣƹ򣬵Ƽ»ᱻ񻯾·ɣ
̫λã治ƹֻǰһƬջֲ࣬˼ȥѡ
һˣһߣӣūҲвӢۺ֮ʿֻңǰ֮ʱū֮ʿǱУսһ𣬵ҹٻΪţΪ񻯳ǡ
̫һϲԵ棿
ūԸͷն̬ʾ
Աߵķĳȴûʲôʾǽϵĵͼ
̫ϸ£ɵĶˡԶսʵڷ̫󣬴һδʧԳܵġ
ߵͼҲ
ȥ֣ǵͼ׸̫ģԼȻϤˡ
󶼰ĿͣɽءҪǽغս½״̬ɽصĹض·鷳ˣԲܲǰ
̫ԥٱһϣ̫ӣūﻹһϢ
̫תкϢ
ūʵԪżǿԷӴƹض룬ӵƹض룬ʵ۽Ԫż񻯣ȫһ߾սͬʱɹֱ
̫ͷĳ˶һöļƲ߰
˵ı飬ﰵˬɫ糣
˵˵ȼƲ˾ܣһε֪ǣ̫ʷε֪
ǰӹݣ˹ǣΪӲܻ뵽Ƶȥġʴ˼ƱЦ˵ȥˣ˵֪
˶٣ӷģʹҲ޷ūžߵأ񲻹߾߾񲻹ʵ۰ѹⶼˣ߾Ϊڵò蹩żõҲ౻Ĺٽ̰ۣڵı߾һսȫԷġ
̫ͷ˵ҴҰս޵УνҲ°ܽжҾ·أҲɲ
ĳһߺȻϲüң̫˵ӣūһƣܽ˹ǣ׬ȡɽأ
̫һϲæкμƲߣ
ūΪڽһ߲ɱڹϲһ֮ǰǱϸϢԬʹ֮Ҵһ񻯣ʽΣԬԶɽһߵĹǰԮʱоؾ·߷֮ȡɽ̽ȡֿɵá
ã̫һ֮£鲻ԽҪɽغԶԺڻˣ˵ʶԭ¡뵽̫޲Ϸɽȥ
ϾǺѪӿ֮ϸ룬ҡҡͷ۵ף˲òƿУʵʵ֣Ȳ˵ϸʹԬţԬˣãΪңһһս£ֱϮܾ˾棬ʧ𰡣
ĳһҲû̫ĵеɵ˳˼
ԱˣȻŮҪɽأԭҲǲܵģǲҪѺŮأҲϸϸ˼
һ̣뵽Ů治ԭʵŮԭʱʶ滹治ףطƾͷˣöȻԼ׬öࡣ
̳ܱɽͷλãҲǸɱ֮ˣǣŻ̫˵ӣūܽ⡣
̫һȻ̧ͷŷ΢΢е㼤˵
֮ǰʵ۴˵ʱһ̫κͣ±㣬ӹ֮ʣūȡϤٳأūſٰʵʹߣԬȫԮ񻯣ָ·
ʥּô죿ĳһ׷ʵ
ңϸȻ͵ū»һˣģ£һԼʥּ
̫ԻҲ˵ʼⲽСūһ߿ţ֪̫ںǷá
˲߷УɹҲǾ޴ģԺͲڿɶνˡؾأ뷢ƾͷơ
ֹ̫ͣⲽŷ˵ãã޾Ƶϲڣ֮¶Ҫܣϸڣܶϸϸޡ
ĳ̺ͷ׼ȥϸϸʱֱ̫סˣ˵ɣ
˵󣬻̫ߵſȥſڣδκ˽
һֱһʱöÿһϸڣ̫Ҳ⣬ͷūŻȥϢ
֮ǰ̫Է˵޻סĹ͵ģ޶к񱨣ֻҪһ죬޵Ĺ͡
ϲ¿ͷл
˺󣬻̫ԽԽ˷ܣŽ飬ǲǻܴлøĺôô̫߻λָ棬˼


18 
һʱ󣬻̫ɫ¶˵ЦݣߵſڣԸټλڳ£˵Ҫ£ǰС
ǸսȺıѣֱ̫ɵﰵԹ
ȫ󣬻̫ͨһ飬̫һӣֻ˵ɹŶոΪʾͶǴԸǣһȥơ
ҼȻûбİ취޾;Ƶɹţϲطȥ˭Ҫǲȥóõ⡣ηжҪȫڽǰһɱɡ
˲ˣ˵ҪôԶ·ȥǱĳҲһѿУǵӲлǻĳ
̫ʾˣִ򲻶Ϊ˴ƵôԶѿеĹͷԸԼ졢ϣΪ˳һѪ·
һûûĻȥԷ׼ˡ
˵һΪûиõ⣬ѻ̫ʾԼˣ̥û˷ԣؼʰȥɡ
ʮ£Ҳ̫꣬÷ĳһʥּŮǺˣŴ۸ǣߣ˱һϯ֮أĲֻúùӣʵԴ׼û취ˣֻٴηˣɽݾ룬ƸۣĲ䡣
Ҫ˵طƫƧģɣԪô˵뵱̫治Ҳֻһôҵ£ƾʲôͲԱʦֲ֪Ϊǿ֡
ˣҶ֪ԭ˰ɣǾʰʰҵһȥ𼯽˴Լˣඡ䣨ٵĲط²ū򣬹ˣųʮɹŶղʼ͵Ϯ
ʮ¶մȡɺףƶ߷һ·Ͻһආһȥơ
ǣǵطӪʱ̫ڵĿӿʼˣçŶ̩ͨմƣԼʦ
̫ǰմ󳼲׼ʣֻ˵˼ֹ̫ǰɣ˵˹¾룬ԽԽԶһܹ͢أݲãƣ볷ˣߣʹܹأҲΧʱ·ûС
Ŭµİƶȼ˻̫ģΪֱӷ⹷ƨƶȣΨȴ༸˵Ů֪⼸˲䣬ֻһ̫Ӣ䣬ϳƶȲɹ
çŶ̩ʹһ̫һĸбմ󳼱ʾĿǰնβд˾ȻѾˣ޲Ϊ˴޻ȥˣӲͷȿкˡҶҺ棬ϡ
ʵ̫󺹣çŶ̩ʹһֱﰵﶼ̫ʹӣҲ⣬Ҳڸ̫ڿӣǰԣ˿ҪʱȰ̫ˣҪǻ̫ʦ֮ͬëûƨɻȥˣƴ󺹵λþûмˡ
ϧ̫ûϵһżݽôһͬⷢж
ʮ¶ʮ賿Сʱڣ䣬ˮɱ󰲿ڹضկկԼĪʮ״ǱһȺİڱĵһԸһ
ͷһţ¼棬»ţǰ̨һڵĶûУȫڱ˯֪˭ɵġǰկڱôҵվ΢ĵƹ£棬һѵҪǿɣ
ʱһһĹȥ˿ûбԹ֮Ķ͸ʯͷһֹ
կǸڱҲһǺ۵İһıկӲöԸ
»ɫ󺹽ʱԽԽˣǿǿɣˡ
һӣȻͷǰǱУǰ١
أԽԽˣڱǲûз֡Ұž̵ÿһ»ԽԽţϣҪ֡
Ǳеկˣڱûж
»ǱеկԽԽ࣬ﵭˡʱ򣬾㷢Ҳˡ
һƣͷͬлİկǽ
»Ϊţ¼棬һկǽȥһ˲䣬鵶֣͵ĳǸڱ˹ȥ
ûԤеľУ񶷡ڱӦ
»һѪΪɶԭǸڱˣ׼ȷ˵ǻˣһ˶ѡ賿İĵƹ£ΪǸء
һˣ¸ҵİôʱ䣬ҪǴȥЦ
һʼһʿ
֮ǰ̨һ걻˯
ʿ״ң⽴˵ΪЩ˺ʹİһ¸ңոǿû취¾ֻᣬͳˡ
ûģկӼڲֿˡ
󰲿ڹɳկկĸ磬ΪǱûеˡ
ɫ΢΢²ͳ˴ڹǰǿ
Ȼǿʵķ٣ûлٹ򣬽²ռ˴󰲿ڣνɱ
ʮ¶ʮ磬²Ĺռ˴󰲿ڣء
رȴ󰲿ںõ㣬λڼҶƴڻ£ˡ
£ʱӦǳõв׷սʵǡǡ෴ﺺׯط󣬻ֹ̫ͣôԶ·ˣϢϢ
⣬ɹŵǣܸǴӣǣһƣһ̫Ҳңط͹Ƿƺˡ
벻ͨˣ׷׸ϵ̫ĴΪʲôֹͣѵµͷˣˣ
̫ʾɽƣλٰꡣҶˣȻȥϢϢͷҪж֪ͨңҷơȻͰǶˡ
Щһߣ̫ϻصӪǴ˵ȣֻ·ĳ̣ʵɴּʹг
ʵ̫֪ƻģҲ֪ʱ򣬷ǱӦѾжˡֻ¹ش鲻ԽȷһΡ
ĳ̹صӣ˸֪ūţǱѰǸ̫Ԥʮ¶ʮյɽأȵʮʮգαװɴʦ˰ӼּԬ
̫ˣ;ģʣͼȻԷĳ˵ãԤƻ⼸նɰǰܱߵش̽ӵ飬ΣյȷϢǰԤص
ĳ̺ȻŻ̫˵ūŹϲӣԬҹ̸ԮȻƣҴ֮˿һɽؾӵˣԺߣΡūΪϲ
̫ЦЦԷŷĳ£ܶ࣬޲ǵģʽƵۣΪѧʿ޴񡣡
ĳ˴ϲϽٴοͷл


19 м
ܱԭӪܱΪʽ̣ʱѹƽɽӡɽءӪµܱ塣
δ𡣵ֵľѶʱ򣬲űżҶѡ
һ֮£һ亹ˣҲ˯ˣϽʴѶ飺ɼѶΪεȼ
δȷϵȼ
ѵӴ뷸ɹؿڵɹŶղҲֻƽʱ˵˵ûеҼв巸ɣѵǲСˮˣɲǶϷ
ȥ벻Ҫֻ̽һ֣Ȼܿ죬˴˽
û忴壬˾ŵ˵ˣ²²ӣˡ
嶨һԭλֻŵѣԴȴһһĺˮ
ʲô²ӣˣҲ쵽仹ˣʵ
ǣǣ²ӣö࣬ö࣬賿͵Ϯ
׶٣
ʵѹûжӣǶˣͶ౨ˡ˵ţġǧҡ
忴Σţһ˯ܳİɣΧ̨һδȼ٣²Զǲֹġǧ֮
뵽æ󷽱ӵĿзѶ
ʱԽԽ죬ˡʿȥ쿴
һᣬʿر˵ڰ˵²ˣʰҵѡ
⻹˵ãҲˣֻǰݺݵĶ˵ɵĺ£ȻرճţӪб䳡ϣ׼ϳǽ䱸ԼҲϽȥˡ
û룬䳡ŷֻķ֮ǿıˣԼֻķ֮һĿôôôࣿʱ˵δı˵²ͻڰˡ
ΣӸǽ϶ŮİհٽŵĽֵˡñӿ·ŵ˳ǽһּİѾӳȥˡֻעĿ͡
ǽϵıһ¾׼ȥټֵµľٿᣬȻ֣ԶȥЩرˣѵķ֣ҪͱΣѣ
˲ŷЩϰնǿ޵ܻģ滹һȺ²׷ţͲڵսڷԣǰЩϰյǵţ򣬽з
ģܵЩһȥģӵģһȥǵġţŷƶ
ȵǽһҵʱ򣬽²һɢЩϰնΧΧ澪ֲϰչЦ
һͷĿתǽ˼Ȼߴ˵һЩûö
ȻǸ˻ͷ˸ʣµЩ²ӾɢһȦʼȺڼҺͺһ죬һнЩϰգ棬ȫͬһȺ׵ĸ޺Ҳ޼£䣬ľûվˡ
ȻȺ²ӻݣʼ٣̤ѵϵϰա޼ɵţƺͲں
ǽѻȸڶû˷ţôų˼䱯磬ǽţŴ˰ɡ
Ⱥ²ʬ壬ѻõļ֧λȥżܿһһѵ˺ö
ĩˣ²ӲŲŲæԶȥм֮ǰʹ˼ͷǽ
屻Ⱥ²ŻˣǰֻŽ²ӵײУս˱뺷ӣڵ˳ǽ޼ɵ˷ָĲбʾսʣЩֻоɱ˵ϱУǾʤ̵ϱԼ¸û֮ŶԵļҶҲС
²Զȥķ򣬸ϽʯͷţشԮ
죬²ӾһȺһȺĹݣˣȵȵģչǵȻֺХȥ
׶ţս²ͣͲܿˡ
ʮʮգƽɽʽ̣ϣƣյѶԬۡʾΪԬơ
ԬʱΪܣɹʲôʱеӸҾߵˡҪ˵Ҳֻн²ɾݱ²Ŀǰڽһ֣߳Բܰ
ʽ˵ˣʦ֮ǰʥѲ˳ݶʷԪżǿԷ²ƹض룬²ƹض룬ʥϽԪż񻯣ȫ뽨²һ߾սͬʱҵֱ˵᲻Ὠ²ƵϮأ
Ԭ˼£ǰҲ˴˵ȴԡȻ²ȴݣֳֽûڽݳ⣬²ƵĿУ󰡣˼֮
ǻ᲻Ὠ²ҲʥϵļƲߣÿƵ²ѣ
ᣬפһߣϢʱѴ²Ԭն˵ϧ֪ǣպйڵĺϢ˹ȥң
ʱſʦʥּ
Ԭʽһӣѵǽ²
Ȼʵʥּ˵񻯣Ӫһܽ²ΣڵϦҪԬʹǰԮ
ʥּԬѹûлɴּ¹ٵ٣Ϊּ¹ٵоֹһжû쳣ʥּҲֻеʵΪʲôʵô֪ǽ²һҲ˻㵽ϤµĻ¹ٻｨ²ٴʥּ
ּ¹ٰʵ۽£˵йɹ·²ϲڶȥǰ֪񻯣ӪսȻǽ²Ķ֣ҪʦǰԮȷܰȫ
ߴּ¹٣Ԭˣʥϴ˴εʥּ֮ǰŵͬؼܷסǵزסˣԸı˷ԣҪԼǰԮˡ
ʧأ֮ؾڽ²֮ˣһ߻н²ֱҲõ´򲻴Ĺ²һһΪ飬һΪʵԼֱ͵ڰ͵²ȥˡУǾ񻯱ȽϺãҲõıԹٵĿˮ
ǣԬʽ˵ƣʦʱǧҹԮ񻯡ӪһߡܽǷãֵʦϵл²
ʽ̵ҪȥֱԬסԬе㵣ĵʽ̵ƣҹۣɷԵ
ʽһˣʦҪСңʮȻײڻ£ɷʬΪ١
ǣʽ̸Ƕȥ
Ҫܼ²ߵصһǰδ֮ʤ²ӼΪҪԵһ²ǵСԬ뵽￪ʼͷıһҲҪأֻҪ㹻ݣֻҪסڵĽ²ĴӴܵĻҲ鷳ǵɡΪֻ֮мȫˡʽǧ֧ԮȥӦû㹻ʱᡣ
뵽ԬʼݸݣҪԽԽá
˵Ǵּ¹һ뿪֮֮ϸͷ棬ǰɽصפأԬѽּ顣
Ϊ¼ΪҪפ֮Ϊˣ¹뿪֮󣬷ģǰȥ̽ϢǷоӵ
ڵõȷʵϢ󣬷ϲ˿ӱޣϢ̫
ʽ̲˵߾ߵģҪϲӣݵȵȣȻͱȲϷŵٶȡһȥȻӦˡʬԸ


20 ʽ
ʮʮһգߵض룬һЩеİգʼ϶ŮĽʦѡ
ĩԱµĵһӦȷϴûϱ뾩ʦԶ͢ûǰ֪Ϣֱʮһ죬ϢŴ͢ϡ
ʱڸ׸pƣˣе̬أҵ飬ʵۡ
ʵһ֮£һһӦӽ˵֮ԣ²ƵϮǾ͸p˵Լ뷨
ڸ׸pȴвͬ£²ԶɶмɶʦԬ֮Զ䳲Ѩ
֮أ
ڸͬŽΪɹŲߵضӣЧ¼ξʮ갳ַܣͼ
ʵ۲˵ˣӽԱϾһ֮ԣ֮ȴ֮͢ʹǡľ֮䡱ĵڶξʦϮ˴ɹŲЧ°֮٣Ǳػʦǽ²ƵĻйֱ֮ˡԴ˻ˣǽ²䲻
pʵ۲˵ֻôˣ£ΪּɶʦԬɹӣԷֵ֮¡
ʵίʵȡᣬӽӽһֱԲѣˣ֪ɶʱǳˡ
pֿʼڳʵ۶
ʵˣʵʮְ֮ɹӣ
ҪƱpԥˣһҪأǰ˵ܵʱеĺڹҪԼġ
ֻǢٲʵʵ
ʮһһգӿ룬þʦҲʼɧΪ⣬ʦʼϡ
ʱ֣յ֪ǽ²ɹŲ֣Բ֪˵һУ˵ʮ򣬶ʮҲ١
ʵۺǸʲôĿô࣬ҪȡӦԴʩȫһ
ڸǵɶʦԬ˵УΪսǿǽ²ԬϤ£ø²򽻵ȽϤ
Ҳб˵ԭɶҲϤ²ʸԬϡڸ׸p˵ڼ϶ʱǰ֮ʺ쾩ܷĵμɶʦԬɡp֮ƾԬ˽ĵģΪԬġʦԬĽ²ԬԼ֮л˻߼򲻵ܲлõ͢͡
ʵ۾Ԭֱһǽ²ƫʦɹӣ²ȹ¹ȥ޻ˡ뵽ﲻɵ֮̾ǰ뷨ǸƣҪʵȴƣת۳Ϊ˿̸
ʵ۷ǰ뷨λİԬ쾩ܷͬʱگ볯
ʮһ¶ճʽǧҹʮ·ϵӪʮﴦδ²̽Ϣɳҹǰ̽顣
ڱô˻׷ϢԸιʳ
˴Լʱڱľ͹ˡڶ鶫ǵһУһ鳤죬ԪУºö򱧲ƽʧһˣӴԪԱгɶΪ鳤
ʱԪУ¸һϵûУĺ
ʵ̲סˣߵǰ˵ԭԭӣҪȥ¡˶Ҳû취ȥء
ûȥʱ̽رʽ˵ӪһδӣӪΪġ
ʽ̷ģûбӹռȻϢǣ¼ӼٸӪ
Ԫڷʱ˼ζӸȥվֻðοԼ˿ӱޣϴ󲿶ӡ
ȴ˵ʽʾϵӪȻƮģǰҪ
ӪмܱվڶӦǽϹۿ顣
֡ԡִƣ֪ƽɽʽ̵ˣҲһġ
Ȼģλ˿ʼԻ
ʽ˵ҾҹۣƣŽ
Σƴ󣬳ѱ޷ڡ
ʽ̳Ĭ˻ᣬֺδ٣֪
֮ǰʱңӴӪ񻯷ΪӼӪ޷£תȥˡ
֪ȥ֮Ŀ٣
Ҳ㲻׼ΪӸûȫòԼ£ʽ˵ԼĪǧңһ񻯲£ʴ˴ǰԮ
ʽ˼ô˵Σգ˴뿪δãβ׷˵ܹ䲻ǣת򣬳Ԯ񻯡
˵̫ӵ֪ͨ󣬾Ϳʼսӵ̽رɽԮ֮ʱЦʩǰԤصӪαװΪԮ񻯣
ʱղ֪̫аţմƺçŶ̩ǰûڲѣ̫һգؼƻԼڵĿȦȦԺ󲻵ú
̫ԤϵǣԮֻǧˣûмԬġԭ̽賿һܿ಻ĳ󣬵һϿĲǺڶ쵽ľǷԮټɻرһΪɽԮˣر
ɽطǱ֪ԮֻʽһѾ֪̫ͨˡ
̫еѡǼȵȣ滹ûԮģϾڴҲף˵ڳأҪһɽˣ񲻾ͱ¶ô
˵ʽһֱ׷Ȼе㲻ԣڵսáֹסܵȻʼܡ
˴ΪһιȵأȽϿҲһĺõطԼǧ񱼶֮ȴδűߵҰҲδɽȸߴӵࡣ
˵ǰӹȥмʱôž
쳣ʽ̵óۣǣòӾ͵ؽзͬʱɳҹǰɽ̽
ʽ̵Ͼͻ㱨̫
ȻҪˣ̫֮£ֻ÷
²ɽҰɰΧ̬ƣǰҶзһ¾ŵоɱʼ̻̲
ʽһ֮£֪û·ˣ֮ӣ߰ӰԼֻǧһʮ򲻹οء
ûеӣҲûлң˧ǣתͷԼĲ£ֲп־壬ҵ飬ȻҲľ޾ģһģǶԼ
ʽ̺˽Ǵʱ˿̵뷨飬ԼǰҲйѡ˴ĵ·Σ˧·ɣǣֱͦţԼ£ĺʿǣ
Χ˧Ҫ˵ǣмɤŴģظ˧ĻԶԶĴ˳ȥ
ڽʿձ˧ƴľӣ͢ɷﵱնܴÿ֮ǰں޽ӣжɷ֮䣬ϱ±ĸ޶ɶɱͬ׹¶Ұǧ޼ݱڡ˧ӦܴӦô
ʽ̵Ĳӻɶˣÿ˶Ѫʷ˧ô˵һ۾ĳѪ˿һԽԽӦӦγһͳһ
ʽ̺Լ¶Ѫԣϣǰȥһѹʽüᶨηڽʿжģ汾˧ɱУѪծѪ
ѪծѪѪծѪıΪ룬ǳɤӺͷѹֵŭ𡣴ʱûоţûп־壬Ψһɸŭ
ʽĻһȦǰһףĬĬ˵Ǵ󺺺ж
ڽʿٻᣡ˵֮ʽ̱ȭһȦȻǣתͷʼⲽ
ûԭԼֵǣٻᣡȻתͷȥе˿Լܣû˵սѵ˱𣬿ƿµƥȥ
ʽ̣ΪĩӢ֮һ


21 꺺
һʸʽΪͷƣײ˺ѹѹӶ顣
ô࣬ҾɱҲûʲôսƷеİмȥսҪװôõඡɹӡ
ϵģͷһײӶ飬ͬһѷļӲÿƥϵ޲ܿ˵һӵĳߡû١
ʽһĨӵѪһʹ졣ȻһӵĶײȥ
ײߣһ벻ӣǧȥˡ
Ϣ̫һԹȥ󡣷ʿ磬ʼձżʸײǿѡͷѾЩη岻ǰˡ
̫ϽԼµİȥ
ţ¼»Ϊˣξȥ
Ǵ̵ϱ֪ӲӲʧἫ󡣼ʸӲľǼͷͷˣҲġ
»£һͨӺ棬ʸ
ڼͷײǰӵʱ»ؼ
ѹû뵽ӽսʱ򣬻мϮʽ̵׷ʽҲһбжһ˲䣬ʽ̵ԺԳڵӰĬĬ˵ԣûٸˣ
ʵʱʽѾǿ֮ĩˣʮһˣĻ֮£ʱѷսʱߣֻƾһ־һֱս
Χһ˧׷ȡ
ʽ̵ʱѾûϢˡ
Ϊ˧𣡱˧壡ʽ̵ʬΪΧһȦΧս
滻ͨӹ˹ԭΪ֮սʱӦú׽ˡ
û֪ʽ̵ĸ£ȫҲȥ
ʱ򣬻̫սΧ˲ҵս£ɵ⡣׼ȥ
ԱߵķĳһĶԻ̫ӣʧƥ֮ΧһȦպÿԹк
̫ˣ˵ù
ս½֮սͳһ̫һǧȫûԼһߴǧˣлаİˡ
ҪľӣǴܻô
̫ߵķĳ̣ﲻ˿Һòк˶ѪԺ
ʵʽ̾ûȫûһλӵԪУӷԪ׷ϴ󲿶ʱպĿΧʽ̡
ԪȻǿҲһ»ǰɱеɵӡǰ£ԪУ׿ף·ӻȥ
֪²ܿܽսԽ뿪Խá˼֮£ҲٻӪֱɽܣűȽϰȫҲԾԮ
̫ƣ˸𱦣ֻһǮĳ룬ҷƵʱ򻹰Լָˡսһٿ»飬ѲһΪͬʱ񻯺ӪѾΧǴԮû˼ˡ
̫ʴ󲿷ǰ񻯵;УĳһƣɹͬǰȣѲ˳ݶʷԪűضɱԮֻ;з֮һԶɱȣ񻯳еǣڳڻһٹ񻯡
̫ϲ֮ȻԪű飬æǲԮȻö˵ˡ
ȵΧǣԪŲų״֮ǰΪ²ͨ񻯷ĴС·Ԫһֱδõǽ²ϸ顣
Ԫʵȼ֮֮⣬æسǣشԮ
²ΧǺפţδǣֻڳơ
ǰһѾǣȫֻǮ֮ͽͷȴ񻯱ˣںϸһ¡
֮ǰͳһͷ죬˼ΪТ˳иĸƤҹ˻죬֮ǣںһѾźĸԼɢֵµĻ죬Ͷıһݸ󡣵һʱؼҿһĸ
ںǷͷŴ󽫣񻯱ˣϤͰ˹ӹǡ
Χ֮ǰҹں˻ؼңÿżֳǳˣüѾߣ򳤾þķĸĸΪŮææµдֳˡںԼȥĸǰʰʼ֮ʱΪһ֮ͬѡ
˺ں˲ȵ㣬ЩطŻʲôʱУţõľ
ڶ죬Χǣں˶ûгȥҹ֮ĳƹѲҹģԷͷжڳĴŻߣڳæžȻ֮ʣ־ۺ֣ȴ̣ӿʼǡĸʱ֣ں˰Լʱ乥ţϳǱѾõľռţ񻯳ơ
һӾˮ񻯣ʼɢɱ
ԪѶûڲʵ֮ԣԾ
ɱ֮ӿʼɱˣһˣǻֿܾͣУްȫʼɢǹ١ʱǵĻ죬޺֮ڶ
ɫ΢ӿʼˣȽǵǽһۺˣһĻϣʼڶǹ١
ںӹ³ź󣬾ʹӷԼңοŵúĸڼſڡ
ʼʱӼֱ۰аë֪Լˣɧţĵطȥˡ
ʱ򣬸սǵĴѱǰδһˣû̵ʣԽԽˡ
һӾںſڣҲſڵ˰󲻰ëˣֱӳ˽ȥʼǹ١
ں治ҸЩ̫ӲֻϵùһƱӦʹͼΪḻ
ûһõľУæϹȥһڸɺ£ĸѱһһˡ
ʱһѪֱںըˣ˵Ҫȥ
һæסĵ˹
Ƕˣ˱ˣںͻһǼӡ
ʱӸûƴ֮ģһͻˣǶְҿںµİæУӵ˴ſڡ
պöǰԭѲۡڴפؿᣬ·һһ׷Ůģ⻹˵ãæ¡Ȼű׷Ů˵Ƕ˴ˣȥʮ
翴ںֱϰŵİëˣ֪ǷӦֻǲ֪γͻˡ
ں»æԭ
üëһʿǿ㣬㲻жҴҴʿѽشʮ
Ը֮󣬶͵תͷǰˣ֮ʱ˾仰㿪йնģҪʱ̼ǵԼݡ
ںѾȫ˵ˣֻǺҲܣʮ»Եںﳤȥ
ں֮ͬģ˼Ů̫Ҵ򱧲ƽֻðں̧ȥˡ
ձ˿ѣںͱ֪ò裬ϵԾǣ˹ȥ
֮£ѷڱϵʱ²ؼ߸߹еĻǿ֮һҪԼʱŻᷢԭ֮ʹ


22 
ϵ̫פصʱ򣬷Լһˡ
Լ׵ܿ»ˣ˶עĿ֪ܵеçײǿ˲ʣ²ԭ򣬻ᱻһʡǣ˵ʮܣ㲻ôôô٣
һȸҴҴʿײˣ˵¡쿴Լ׸ˣһ߻شһԼλ
̫е˶ˣ˵ˣλգ졣
δĶȽ⣬ˣûȥƽ϶ٵ顣̫˵š
ټλһ֮ôߣǻأǼҪǴ
䣬çŶ̩վˡʲô۵ģζ٣ҴΧͲ״ôණ
çŶ̩ԼһֵçײԸȱ̬ˡ֮һȻǾԼԱˣȷʵακһζҪࣻڶҲҪһ㣬ȥõĶԽ̫࣬Խߡ뿴ģҲֵܲ뿴ġܿ㣬Ͳ˿㣻
ȻʵλļնʾͬСʸļλնû
̫û˵벻ˡ
ʲôǹͷпã˵㶫ˣ˵ʦȥǱöأ
һԭĬزһ̨⵨ӲСҲλյӡ
ʵĬز̨ӲȻǿڵСڽͶ˴
֮ô󵨵ķԣ棬Ƹλۡ˵λǵĬزô˵갳𺹾ʹǽأȥȥģģʦҲûȥʵƨҷš󺹣ȥʦɡ
ôһ˵ɹŲͷ춼һվ¡
һԵĶ쿴飬Ǹţһ̲סӰ֣ȵʲô£ȫұ죡
Щɹͷ챻ôһȣǽȣ˼ŮţˣԼֻǸǹġǣͶԹԵıԼλ
ɨȺūţȻ˵𺹣𺹣ʲôȥʦʲôҫģ
˶٣Ȼ°һǴ꣬ιʦʵ۶ץǰô
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çŶ̩˼ˣҲټּˡ
̫ʿôߣϴӷǱ˽⵽£ԹʦһѾߣҪǲСĹˣ֮ϲˡ
̫νӢᷡλ˼ҼĳԱ˰פ񻯡֮ǰõĲ²ŮѺȥӪһ𼯽ᣬʦ
һ㶼Ӫṥ֮ǰӪԿǱߵС󣬺սǰЩʱڴĹ߶ѲǣЮ֮Ǵˡ
֮·ĳ̣Ϊ֮ǰıĿ࿴ǴһҪ·ǲΪӢᷳıߡ
˵ɶʦԬŷӺʮһ³Զܱ٣οɸٵˣˡ
ٳǰܼԬʦǹڣ˴뽨²ҰսʧԳܰ
Ԭ֮ǰ֮£ӳ̵͢ҲĹֻҪڣ˭ܺ
ٵĽ飬ôеʱĻֻдɽسˣˣûãˣɽصķô죿Ԭɵеԥˡ
֪ԬʲôͽԵԶڽһߣݣ÷Ұ²ƹݣǰɽأ޺ڣʱࡣ湥ɽգӦ
Ԭǣɽǰܱ÷ܱһǧһǰ֧Ԯ񻯡
Ϊʱݺ֮Ҫ׼һ죻
ʮһ³ģɶʦԬˣһǧ뿪ɽأǰ֧Ԯ񻯡
󣬴ΪвۣߵĲ죬ŶʮңԬ٣οɸٵͬ£ǰ棬Ȼǰͷһɳ۶˼ǴɳҹգҲͲ
ڶʦԬǰǰʦǰʮﴦֻһˣйһƥԳԴ˧һ鳤Ѻʵʵ
Ԭһüͷһ壬ĵãأ
ѻԣ
û˵꣬ԬԼİݳһޣǰȥٺͺοɸҲ֪æȥ
֮֮ǰһٵԪУı۱еʱҲˤ˹ȥ
Ѻۣͬһ˹ȥ
ıĴţĹٵڸˣֻԬһſﳾ
ԬϣԪдڻԣʱԬļ٣ˮԪѡ
죬ˮһ̼ԪвҲ˹
վǰǼɶʦԬæǿڵϣŵʦ˧ûˣֵǶûˣӣȫӣ
Ԭ֪جģȴû֮ءһһһ䣬ʵ
Ԫһһʮ˵ľԬ٣οɸ²רŲ˿ڴڵŹȥ
мΡʣԪдʱ˹ȥñˮһΣ洫һ
ǰһǻ¹١
˽ǰԬʶԼͳʵƽ̨Ӧʱվߵһ̫ࡣ
˵˽ǰϸصԬʦۼҺҰ
ȻʥּͦͦӣԬɶʦԬּ
˵ּ쾩ܷ񣬻˽²ӡ
Ԭʥּ˴ּ¹һ䣺֪ǰտǰּô
Ǵּ¹գգС۾еĪûа
Ԭһ֮£ʶԭ֮ǰǸּ¹Ǽٵģרġʧһᣬʧʽ̺ǧ¾ĸ۰
ľѳۣûа취ˣʱҲûʱ׷Ǹٻ¹ٵ顣
Ԭȡͼ٣οɸٹ۲ֽơ
Խ²֮սһ߿϶ѾˡһǻϮʦˡ
ӭ½ؽ²ˣȻܸɵģ
Ϊ֮ʣֻڽ²ǰȥʦؾ֮صĳеŽ²ˣƾżڣͽ²һ̣²Ȼ͸һˡ
ĳһǼݡ
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ϺʼжȻһǧУһţԪС
Ԭʱļǵģ½²ȵݾˣȫٸ·һʱ֮䣬͸ĵŨŨһƬ˹Իˡ


23 گ
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²ٶȹݵĻܸۼǰ¼ݣյݵʱ²ݵĻѶȾʹˡڱһϣҲɢ˾ۼڼݵӡⰡ


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ȻоˮҲˡ
Խŵʱ̽ϢݳƮŴΪ϶ּɶʦԬġ
̫ű͵Ӫ飬ɹ죬˴֮⣬йɽҲᡣ
֮󣬻̫̽ڴͨ棺פؼݵɶʦԬҳǽϵĻڼࡣسǱװϿǹ
ͨçŶ̩ʹƻͨ£û׷ѹ
̫øλԣôá
ɹŲˣԬɶ˲ģڳͲҳһԬ˭ûб¹ȡȻôǸ˺ܲм£
ɹŲ˼һ˭򡣷ϻò״۸ûȹܻȥ
Ů˶ܱЩɹӣûԬǸڹ꣬ӲأսöΣûܿе
çŶ̩Ⱥɹźڴϴıţޡһ˿ĭվȵұ죬˵ķôʶ̧٣
Ͱˣû˸Ҷţ
Ȱ˺çŶ̩Ż̫󺹣ղ̽˵ݳǵĻڼ࣬ԬڹָӣͽȻʧɡ
̫΢Цŵ˵ͷçŶ̩һǣҲͬºðˣǾͻȥɣιǹˡ
̫΢ЦԵøĪӡ
çŶ̩̫˵˸ûȤ
çŶ̩ˣ̫˵çŶ̩ڵʹƺͰɫƱĲͷˣٴȥ֪˻ΪмأҲվçŶ̩Ľ顣
̫
һ̫ļƣһ£һֱо̫ڿӡ̫ˣʾ֮ˣȱϵ󣬾óɱﵡÿζУƫϵ
￴˿ƺçŶ̩Ȼ̫˵󺹣쵼ûɶġ
ֻǽƻζûϵ´һС̫󣬾ʱ˦ͷ˵λи뷨ȫȿԲʧɣֿԼƵġ


27 
̫˵ȡһݵͼ鷶ṩģ˵һݼݵϸͼݳǶɽҵľ룬ƽʱˮϴ󣬲ͨǶտˮ֮ʣǰϵݳǰзǿûнݣߣܹ¾͹¡ʧ϶Ļɽ¹ԬҳǶ½ءλΪΣ
ӢɹȺˡ
·ô죿еʡ
̫˵ͷ͵ߴ·أҲƵأҪҳǵģҰսԸҲ
˵Ԭӵҹյı棬ܻɹӺ󣬰̾һùȫǶԱ׼С
ҹǻ㱨˺󣬰˵ֵܣǰȥ֮͡ʱ˵ֵܶкƴ졣
˭֪쵽ȴֻһӣƵͷˣԬʦ˵ʮģҿ˿۲ɣ
ֳټĶˣͲƣ˾䣺ﲻҰĵطҲֻǷͷ¶ѡ
ʮֻһôһ仰ܴ򷢵ġƿ϶ɵģֵµֵܸٳ
ֲΧ۾Ͳ쳯ˣܿΧһˡ
ƵУٵҲС
պøοɸѲӵгһǴ֮ǰӡµñӿ·˹ȥ
Χ۵˼߼ٹˣæɢԶŲӿߡ
Χ۵һɢֻоٺͺ񶷼һԳˡ
οɸһװ˼ߣȫңͬ£߹ȥߵεѹ˫ֻȹݼοɸ١
֣֪еǰô֪Ϊ
ȿڸ״СΪ̽鵽²ټܻӵҹСƣ˴ȡʦ֮ǰʮһˣ˸ҿ˿ֻÿһӡСʵ߲ǻֵء
Ⱥοɸ˵ҲˣҸҿ˿ۣҲǷµİ
οɸһ˭
ٿܣϵ˶ڿͶźοɸ˵ǰһ˵
οɸüëһȵкβܶԣֱ˵
һΪѵӣ⣬⡭
ʲô⣬˵
ٿǶһҪ˵ӿԲˣֱ˵˧Ըģ
ΧһˡοɸҲû뵽ԼϼԸģڴеǰʿһð
˵϶ˣնʦķԸʮһˡ˧Ǳȥͨ϶˼ġ
ٻ˵οɸһһɣһɱ˵ưѾŵˡ֪Ҫպοɸ˵ȥĻؾ͹ȥˣֻʮһķˡ
һмϽлοɸ١
οɸЦǺǵķǣ˵̽˽²Ķ򣬶Ҷʦ˵֮£ЩԭǸǵģл
˵úůģлȥ
˼ˣοɸپȥ٣ԼģеǰȥȰ´˧
һ飬ЦǺǽӴοɸٵ㵱˧Ǯϵģʮһʮ˾İʮˡˣ´ܸΣ
οɸٸҪ˵ֱٸˣ´βҪţд·ʹˡ
еǰʦȫ֮͸񣬴˧˶ʦ֮ôοɸڿ˵ˣֱӿʼ١
˧˵ܾͱܣҪ˽ҾʷģҲٵѶһˡ
ʦ˱ǶʦûĩĽա˧ʦ֮ĩȥʦ
վסҪȥʦ
οɸͦˣվŲļš
ٿǿ¹ƻǻȥ涽ʦ˵˾䣺˧Ҳ˶ʦ֮ѡ
οɸסˣת٣Ϊʲô
ߣʦ˵˵ѣҲȺһˡ˵꣬οɸ٣ԼȥˣѺοɸٶڡ
ȥԬģ֮󣬰˵¡ԬЦЦ˵Ҳһʶһֱӣ䡣ߣȥѲ³Ƿ̫ͣɲ
ѲӳǷУԬӵڵǱȽģ׳ıܲ⣬һƶûУҲġˣġŻȥϢ
ܿ죬ҹ½½ӻسˣ󹦷򣬽²̽ʼڳ⣬ûпֻǰҹոϻسѡ
ʮһʮգ²ڼݳǱ棬ƺƵģβֻһͷȫˡ
̫ղɹ쵽뼻ڳ֮̾۲죬˿ǹ
̫һᣬЦ˵ȲΪκЦ׷֮
̫Цָǿǽϲٱηη£±һֱûϹսľѡ˶֣кξ֮
ҲˣһЦ
ɼݳǵĻȷʵ࣬Ļ˼ࡣ
ǣ̫ȫɽƵ
ݳ¥ϵԬһ²ƣ֪ṥˣɵ˿˵Ľ²ܹ¼ݣ½²ǿݵĻԼĹʧ̫ôײġ
һߵĺοɸٿ²Ҳ˷쳣ԬʦȻЩľƵĴŵĽ²ҹˣ¿²ƣҪɽɽŶĩΪ²ߵһ룬βܼ֮ʱй䱡֮ϰܱ߾²ǰˣʦ
ɣûԬ̬һԵȷˡ
ɣοɸٲ
²ܱ֣֮׳ʿǲǣδ
ǻбܱô
ߣ
վһǵĲ׼װûҶǹģԼƵúԿͷ
ʵպοɸ˵δûлᣬݳô׹ģֻеƲӣʧأԸðա
οɸٲٸ磬ֱӺʦ
ԬԶĽ²Ȼźοɸ˵˵
οɸļˣʦ²Ȼ˼ݣ͢ʥϽοְܼ֮ն⽨²ˡ
Ԭһ³ʦпǣضԡϻҪȥıĵˣǲԽҲԱء
ʦ²ȫַʦ֮ضͿ̿ɶ±ضݣʦɣοɸе㲻ġ
Ԭܲˣûתˣ٣׶ȥһվŵĺοɸ١
²ǰܿԽ˼ݳǣﴦ´Ӫ侫ӼݳǣڻƵ
ҹ²ȫԽݳǣ²ల¡պɹͲǳԱˣͬɫѰó֮˿һɽ亣ζò֮˿ݽ鱦һ׼һˡ


28 ƽ
ɽɽɽ£ԶһݺѶмһׯɽˮ׻˵ɽɽˮˮˣȻֲϣܻܹġ
ʱʱסڿɽβһ˼ңԺϱϱʮӣ˵Ư͸һʵܸɵϢϺɹ̫˵߲ͣ첹żСƤ·һ塢СԺͣҲ䣬ĺҡ
ڶɹů̫е΢ŲӣȻϱ˵ˣвӲ֪ܹá
ϱһ߷ɿĶһ߰οţ˵ģɽԣˮ㣬֣Żȥӳ̹ۼҲԺȡ
˵ҧߣȻ˳һܼͦģͷŵһߣһ·Ȼ󿴿Ժӽߵķӣ˵˵Сţǰ;أȺͶˣԺ˵ÿС塣
ûϽӻԴϸСӵĶԶ˵㣬ûҲ⣬¶Ц˵ɲܵ׽꣬Ӱǰ;
ⲻǰô˵ģǰЩ͢ٱ·ֱһҪСǸţ¾Ͳټֻôˡ
Ҳɵ̾˿ҲΪ⣬ŵҪ׹˰ǵǰЩʱ·Щ͢ٱǸֵôＦɹ̹˺ôߵġ
ţͰĺˣС忼״Ԫĸڼſںᣡ˵ɫֵҲ쵽ԷʱˣôûӣȥſڿûС
ϵĹ𾢣ûĻ
ϱЦЦ׼վѵ¶ӣȻűһ߿ˡһԼĪʮıδ󺺴˽
Ժļ˶һһǺ߻˻ޣ׼Թ䣬δֱӳղ˵Сݳȥһ˵ߣˡ
嵽ǸſڣҲһ߹ȥšѵһ¿ˣСҲһܣߣˡ
˵ҲȵܷܵӦ͵һתܵĸߣһѱϱ˵죬ߡ
ȥ̲ϱæĵ
ʲôã㣬Ϲӿߡδ󺺼ˣȵ
δ󺺽й֣һׯ˼Ҷ֡Ͼ棬֪ɱ˲գۣջشʱԶԶ߹ϣͷļһʲȾܡ
ֱĸűŶӵϱžɽܣҺסڴβɽĽ䣬ɽһЩ
һܵɽţվסӴ˿תȴںļˡãһһ͸˶Ӻϱܵûи
ϵ˼ҲˣԼͷ⣬۰İ
֪ĸ׵˼ԶĳֽһЩˡҲԥĸ׷ڵϣŸܽϱ˵͹ȥҴԾĶУûǧһһһزˣ͹ӾͿˡ
˵ֲ꣬ͣ͡ಡһϱ˺ѷεĺ˻ȥܸоʲôҲź˵
ſţһߴȥһߺܣܣģ
磬ʰʦҵ鼮һӱϷݴ˹
δ䣬־ʹȥˣֱӰѶ鼮һѴ򷭣ȻŶܾߡ㲻Ҫˣɱ˲գ۵ģɶɱʬǱҰ㲻֪ô
ܣйȴ׳ΪСʱ嵥͸֡᲻Щ飬Ӹ£һֵĻ˳ӵĸˡ
ûյſڣڴֶãһ֪ûܳˣ˫ȿֻܲŵġ
ֺԥתŵܵԺĵطһЩľ壬ԭǸأķһҲһˡǰЩպùһЩȥϣ׹ﲢ࣬ʾܵȥ
ȴ׳еԥûʱˣֱһŰѵܵȥ룬·õܵסǿڡȻ˵ɩӣֶҴԲǸҪʲô£ǾͿˡ
ѾʼߴŴĲҽԼľŽңԽԽˡ
Ŀ˵ܵһۣͰľ嶼ǻȥ©һЩ϶תִӼͰľһȻٰЩסȻܳ˼š
ȴ׳ŸĽŲԶȥԽԽһ磬Ҫذ
ܿ죬мӴţԺʣļֻ꣬Ȼߴı˵߷䵹񣬺һᣬߣߵʱ򻹷һѻǿĹһҪյıһвԳǵıԡ
˺þúþãһ˻ֻбĺȴ׳ʵ̲סˣ˳
ӳԼյĲļ䷿ӡʱҲܲϵĳζԭȱ鼮嵽ſڡ
յſڣȴ׳ۡ͡һˡſڣŸڼҵӵϱƶˣʲôĶ˳ͷҲֻһϣһӵĲԶ
ûоĳǰʱڸĺǻ£Ŵ£һֻʥ顣զ֮£Ȼ̲סˡ
ķûмǺõģһһ߲鿴ڵϵˣϤģѾԶȥˡ
ȴ׳ǰ˼ΣľˣҲ²ˡұ˴ӣûҵֵʬ塣ɵö캰磬
绹ǺĴšӾĵģֻڻš
һӣôûˡ
ɺֹôһأ֮ɱӣֻһССӰѡ
ڶ죬ֻǣΣûнӣŶСѾûһ˿
ʦİնӺļһûˡ۲ֻӰǲ׷ȥӸһ̣ͬھǻοɸٱߵĶԬ
Ԭû˵ֻǿԶûƵĴӡſµսһһεġ
ʦοɸ̲סˣܵԬǰһסԬ
Ԭοɸ˫ĿͨĵܻⱨӦġȻ󣬴ƹοɸ٣ǰš
οɸһ׷ȥ˵
ʱԱߵپźοɸ˵ʦԹΪأѰӣı֮ߣ㲻Ҫ¡
սǻ֮ҵܾ˲һҵȻϧ
ɣƲƲ죬ֱӲˡ


29 һ
ֱźû԰еڲͬõǹꪵʮ˰ԣҶģվڱߣųмһϰա
мˣһģ۳䶬մһ̴ֳһȫµֻվȫ硣ڼҶۻңҡ
Ȼſڿ첽һ̨ۣ֮ˣһȺ
ԭǸ֪Ĺôôô佫
ֻ͵ͣס˿У۵֪£
ˣ¬죬ˡ
¬֪еµϵļҶһߣȥſڡ
ǷҪѣеԥ
޷ǹ£ֻѰѣǰ·֪һһ˵
ǸӵļҶһ򣬲Žסǰѵߵһͬ鳰ЦӵӳûáȻ¬֪ˣԼǸӵļҶڱ⣺ԣһʮĵӵס
֪ſڵİտ֪˳ˣһݷڵأҡ¬ֶ֪λյδ֪̰ͬطǿСǿǿΣֻ̨˷֮£֮ҵðɣ˫ʼˡ
ֵʱԶһƥԶԶľͺ²ַʦگ
¬֪һͲپӲӵˣֱӽҿĴ򷢰ջȥȻϽץ
ʹǰ֮¡
ʱһߵļҶȰˣֻɽ˾ʹ֪һ̰佫¡
ͲüҶ˵ֱ꣬Ӵϵ¬ܾѣ֣֮¹ѣԣϽ
ʮһʮգѲڣ͵˶ѻؼҳԷϢڻʳĻԾɵƻ̶ֱͨվţһ˿ûܵӰ졣ӴĴֽӳӰֻһžԵе¶
޿ƽʱڣʫԵıһһͨ飬̸ֻʲô²Ƶʲôסû⣬һ˵׼˵ģ
ʵվǰ㣬ڻǷŭڴ˰ɣ²ǱԽݣӣӣ˳壬ЩطĵֿûУйԱͶ²ģ
ڸ׸p֪ʵ˵˵ƤˣҲܲס׮׮ģϣֻù
󳼺׸ˣҲվţһ
ʵûǶйԼķŭΣľӶǸʲôԵģȫý²ĿҲֻôʱɣ
ŵģû˸һ䣬
Умʷ£²Ƶ񻯣ǱԽݣ˾أȫ֪±Ӧԣ¾֮ѣڸʲô
µļ̧ͷ࿴󶼶ںpϣȻֵͷ˵pӾ֪ͷˣ˭Լ׸ء
£ڸ˼ǽ˾pڵ
׼࣡ʵ۸ɴͬˣʵ̫ˡ
һŵм䣬һˡҲ֮е飬²ܣʦΣ϶Ҫ쵼֮ġ
ʵһ˳ôõĶϷоеûȤйŭҲ˵㡣Ͳ˵ˣ˷ϵ⼸£ⲻãһһ£һֳţУ޲Ҫ棬گĶЩʲôˣÿ֧඼һ·Źģ޵ģͽ²죿
˵ʵֱӰǼ¶ǰǿЩ;ص£ˣ֮ȮܱԱ˵δ£˵͢ٲãҪˡô˵
ϣ־Űϥйȥ¼£Ȼʵۣ£󲿷ֶֻ򻧲ʵˣֻһ룬ֻ࣬ȵδ
ڷǳ֮ܷ񲹷Ƿã
£ǳԸʵɷ²ɶʮ֧Ļڷʮʣӻȫ֧֮ãм÷δ֮дʮʡ˰
кηӽµ֮
ϳĬ
ڸͻȥһ飬ζҪ֮
ʵۼû˷ԣǾ͵Ӧˡǣ˵䣬ƽɡ
Ϊ͵Ϊֹˣ˿Ҷվ׼ؼңãֻùǢһ
ϣʵ۵𣺡ְ֮Ϊ˿Ե
û˵ƣ֮λڻ¯ϿŵģûмȣҲû˸Ҿټ֮
ʵû˵ڵ˷ԣ˼ž֮С
һᣬû˵ĸһ۹۱ǣǹġһεľ档
ʱ⴫˽Ųž֮ĸһһ棺ǰɶ
ô˻ͷǳǳϷڳ˲඼뷨Ҳ˿ͷŽ˵εա
ʵһĸղŷŭɫϽԸ촫
һһȽĽŲԶȻһݵİͷŲ£粽߽˴´վŵλسĳʵһۣȲųʵ۹£ʮصߵ꣬ꡣ
ʵۻں֮ǰڸʵϿ֮ʱڸ˺ö꣬ӡ˺ö࣬΢΢еʧӽټ֮ˣ
һᣬڻţæƽ
վ󣬳ʵ˵޾ټʦҲ֮˴گʦ
µ˺ڶ£˭ټģôûһ
֪Ǻ˾ټΪ£ڵɤźܴ󣬵̲ר͵ĺ
˾ټʦպ֪ʵ۶˶ٺ˵ڽ²ַ֮£ʦ˵˰ɣ
ţ黹д˽⡣
ǣʵڸ׸p˵⼸յ顣ҲΪʲôʵһʦͼԭˡ
תʵʵУҪ£
ʵۿڵİ׺ӣе㵣ģʵʦ޼ǵʮ˰ɣΣ
һɤŻص£Ҷ֮ڼʳʡ
ʵڻ˼ɵøһҵˣȸ˵ӡͲỵ
֪ʦϤ£ʦʱ²˿κβʦ²Ϯʦɷ޷ǣ
ͿأǣĻ֮С
ãοʵۺǸˣƹףڵǰ˵Ϊмѧʿ飬ͳȾʦء
ּں˿ְ֪λֺ֮ͷؽ²֮գһھʹӦˡ
ʵҵ֮ˡڸ͸Ҳ˳ʵ۱֮ˡ´ҶˣǸҡ
մȺ˻ȥǱжƨƨߵܹˣūŸյ㱨˵Լʳˡ
ʲôˣʵһϲ


30 
£ûУҽ˵ֻһֲԾΪжóʵʧˣϲһ䣺ѹƲԶˡ
ţ֮֮ǰתˡּҽǸ澡źȡӽ
ʵ֪Լ˵̫ˣҲײһ¾ͺõģϾǶ֮ǿ
£ȥˡжѵ
ʵŻûгԣǰڼš
յҹűǣһЩҪĵط֮⣬ںڰ֮С
ɱ²ǵصɱ˾ʦͷǽϷص͸ֽһ˿ûеֿ֮
ʵһһߺȼݣȼݣ
ǣûһܵñ졣
ʵۺòܵһտĵطһ֧һӭƮĴһԬ֡
ʱ򣬽²׷ˣʵ۸Ͻ֧ܹȥܱ߻֣Ԭ䣬ޣޡ
֧ʵܹȥȻתˣе
Ȼֳһ֧ڵģųʵۡҪǹȼݣǻͻȻΧһ֣ﺰţӣӡ
ʵ͵ĴӴ𣬾ԶŷԭղΡôÿϸڣʵ۶ǵ
̵ʵ۾ˣʵ۵ӣ֪جˡܿ췢ͷĺϽóߵ˿ʵ۲
ʵһһᣬ̾˿
ʱ̣ŮĶѱ˹
ʵǻ˻֣û£ʲôʱ
ֵСĴʱ̡
ʵ뻹ˣƽʱҲʱҪˡ
ڼ鷿˱ͨɺܿˡǸξ̫ˣ²ǿᣬԼ̵ľȴ˲áѵѵޣҪ֮ô
һ˫˫֣ӣӵĺ·ڶߡɵ̾˿ӰҪи۱ͺˡ
˺þãŴӳ˼ѹɫǸµʱûڸȥ飬֪нûС
Ļڸ鶼ˡ
Ȼʮߵĸ䣬Ÿϵʦһ㶼ЩضͷɶӰ죬Ĳ
෴ϵе㾫񲻼á
ڲǴ꺮ůʱ򣬳ʵ֮Ƿиۡ
ҶǳĬһǱϳдյ£ȣҹ˺ܾãЭԤƳֻֽ֮͢ʮһµ֮ã㾩ǵӰ졣
أʵüͷʵ
е˵ڣ˵Ҳ˵£ΪǷڳһȼ֮á
ʲôʵһôһ⣡ˣǰηãѾ޵ˣ޵ⶼˣ
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ͣͣ˵ҲЦҿ鳭κ͵˲ǰŽŶԸ˹ȥҲһɡ
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31 ʦ֮ս
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˵ʵ۴˼ɶʦԬֿ֮ʼһ飺ʦǽ̡û룬Ԭô鶼Ƚ˳İˣ˴


32 
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ʵ־ַŭ˶˽ˣܻôôãԽ


33 
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34 Ӧ
ʵһ㶣ȢΪޣֻһŮѾʹ͸ģһԼ˵檣⡣ӽȴ֣µĸԼ˵Ϊޣǲ⣬û޵ĺ塣
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жɵˣļܸݵ飬ӽأɶ⣬ӹûɡ
жͰѰеӽǰȸ˵ӽҪȢ£ңʥϴӦ˵ģѳɶֵġ
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ӽϽж£۲ǺＱ²δţеǰ˼ֻԤȸ˽²˵ˣҿӽӻʹ˳ڵĽ²δ𣬺ԼΪĻˡ
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һֱͷŵϣ·ҪҳϲڵСϡ
ӽŰɬӣġȻʲôʵ棬ʲôˣ

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ŶһԵʱ򣿡
԰ǻأԼôˡ
ˣūū澵ģߣԺˡӽԷƤԼƤͺˡ
ǰԼԺǹӷˣ뵽̵ġûӵĻϽΪޡ
ȻӽǺǡЦԼˣûأ͡ΪޡˣԼȲƵģ뺦ˡ
ӽȻöŪܺ棬ܿġ
һ˺òˣżҽܣūǱֱͨϣﻹһϲǹŪĸ磬ĸáū֣ӦС֣ӦԪ
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ū澵ļҡɫһ±òҰףƺһֱϰߵ
Ŷֱͨݣڱô϶ûµģӦԪҪڹˣԺ˭쵼ʮһյģӦûˡ
ģԺһӢڲµġ
ģ
ģұ֤
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ּԱǰ󾭹󣬴Ħٵ͹Ĵ⡣ϾͶȥ׷٣Ͼ˼ҶˣøϽ׷ˣͷˣһˣÿӱޣҿá
Ҳҿ˽²׷ٵ·ϣҪ·Ļ㣬ɽ֮ǰ׷˹
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ٿһߴһŭе飬˵Ҳ֪쵼ôĻ϶ûˡٲ˵ǲ˵ͷѵЩǰٶѵġ
˵ĵڣϽЦԣЪЪȿˮٽ֪ˡ˵꣬СܺһɫûУˮ˼ҡ
֪ƤԼҲˣ˼ҲԹԵϴˣֲҪ˳ˡ
ȻͿʼּۻۣҪ˼ģ
ڣȥһҪȥģԿ
٣ȥû⣬Ҫ֤û¡
οɸٲ죺ʦҲҪû¡
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˫£ŭĿ֮£ɽ
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ǣڹ˲ϢȺ˲ĵСҹܡ
˵̫Ž²ȥļطſɱӣʦ۶͵ʿ¹󣬾ȥһҪǻӾ͸ˣٴˣͻؼҡ
ʮʮգڹصʦĵڶ죬̫ˣһʹ򣬵ʱ򱱾µѾˣûԼʧȽϴ󣬾ˣΨһջǼһ֣͵͵ս˧мˡ


35 ¬
Щ죬ǽ²ڴ̣أĹټںͳʵ۴̡
Ĳ˵ĶǳǽܰĴ
ʵ۵볡ĳǺΣûзࣺʷз̫أ˼Ҷһˣò׳ˣȴΪ첻ȥְ̫Ӷˡ
ʵ۰С
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ʵ۷ǳջ𣬼ıʾ䡣
ãĳһ˵ŷεʱ򣬻ϳǽѾˣ̰۸֮²֪飬Ӧͷš
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ЩĳЩΪɶΪóʵ۲ǽܰϲȥѶĽ㼯棬꣬᰸չ
²߲ã磬ɵɢȥһֶ¶գŬİů䡣
Ƕ棬һ֧ӣֵ֧ӣдɫԧսıҲдµ׳вװˡҲ룬ǰѾͣסˣĻǰӵŸֺѯʵģкȳģһ㣻
ǰͷһϵıδ󺺣㲹Ƶ۹żҶ˻㱨̨ˣСھʦ̽ˡ²ߣѹͨݡʦȫˣͳ˧ѳˡ
˧ս⾩ʦ֮սεգΪ׵֪üͷ벻¬һûһ̡
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¬һۣûҪĥĥģͼϺñ׳ˣ˵ܸϾʦսʥϷһǡ
ʱĳԽԽ죬תͷһۣоĳ󶼿ˣҲ̾˿ʱƴյĶ黹ָϡʱüٲУȥʦɡ
¬꣬ļҶǹȥάִźöнø
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պͳӵʱ򣬾ȻһĳҲȭȭҾ֮ģֵõҲɳûºͻʵ۵Ĺϵ¬û뵽ԼҲǹˡ
ǰѸ·ʸʵ۵ʱ򣬰¬ַŵǰ棬رʶ֪
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Ȼģʵһ¬֣Ͼ뵽ӽƼж㱨¬ϣȻҳһĳ֮⵨һ佫߱ġ
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ʵ̨Ͽкã˽ʿͽҲ
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ʵӽôһ˵ӽôˣһֱڻʹûгȥõĴҲǰ취˵ӽҲҪ飬Ǹðˡ
ǣʵۿʼôӽǸ⣡


36 ƶ
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ӽͳʵãȻ˵һǿƾӵĺڣûڹӦܲˡ
֪͢ôġʵΪӽʲô⣬˲΢΢еʧ
ģһû˵ꡣӽЦŶԳʵ˵֪ʵۻʧٺ٣ǹģֱӳص㣬ԵòţƲǡ
ƾӵĺڣǰѾٶܾ٣ǲͳϽü
ӽ˵Լ뷨ȻųʵǳԼ
û뵽ʵҡҡͷ˵Ϊʲôأ˵ЩС
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£۲̸Ϊµѵᣬ޷⿪ġ
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ӽʵţĽˣмôһǾٲͳϽžڣ͵ס˾ӵ֮б˼˿۾ãǸɶĶˡǸֱӷõʿУֹܷм䱻۾û߱ðáǾټʿ˼ҪҾ֪ǱЧֹңΪǽңʿҲһ档
ʵ۾ӽ˵ӱҲǣ͵ʣЩٴͨһ˿۾þ裬η
ȫͨһ˿۾õģôʿԸһ췴Ӧͳ֮ӦزŻ߱
ʵţǼ⣺Ҫͳ֮оһͨ˿۾أ
²ǻнͶô԰Žȥ߱棬߾г̰۸ֱܵӸزŻ߱档
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û˿ţôˣڵôѵˣ


37 
ӽеżˣŴ棬ô桭ûȺ꣬ǿεӰӽ
ӽ뵽һΪ㲻ءʰղ߿ˣ
̤С鲽˹ֻģιֵİӽһۣūһû޸أϱϱĺôҰ
ӽǺǡɵЦҲ죬Űɬı飬еġ
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Ҳи޶ȣӽǵҪɣͶ԰˵ķı˵дд¡
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ŶиʽҲ֪ͲںĶ԰ûϵܸʽ˵дͳɡ
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ʵһͷۣ⡣һᣬڵʦٴްѻ鴫ʡ
ܿ죬Ͼ͹ˣһ⣬Ҳͷۣ£ϴιֻʮһ֮á֪˴ս»жã
Ȼˣ˵£Ϊ²ȥոԼݣ֮ӶƸ˿·ʱ估ʱ㣬ٻĸʱڡ
ĻݾȻˣεĿųʵۣһ££ʦѽǰЩһ࣬ǸΪˡ
ʵۻİͷαϣüͷţݾò㣬Ψǰս߽²ԼľҰս㣬˻Էģȫ֮ʲôأ
һᣬûֻˣʦߣ
£ΪУǰҪΪ̭ǿһʡݾãǿս
ڱһԽԼ裬ѹϸ顣
ʵ룬ĿǰҲֻôˣͬڵ飬ֻе㵣ĵķԸڵʦ֮»öģܿ죬²Űڣ޵֮УѰ
Ϊ֮
ã鵽ˣںͱϾ͸Ƕȥ
£дˡжˣʵ½ǰ˵
Ŷù޿ʵһæԸ
ʵһ͸еܲϰߣЩ߰ķǸģܱŤͨƪ׻ͷһο¡
жڵ¿ʵüͷ֪Ϊɶˡ˵Ϊʲô֪㣬Ϊ͵ӽ¡
£һ£ǽЩͼġ
Ŷù
ʵۿ˱ŵĽͺٶԱǰһ¾ˡ󣬿κ󱳣üͷˣֻţһᣬʵ飬νıţô


38 ֮
ڣֻгʵۺжˣ⳼ڡ
⳼ģʵҪҲҷԼĿκ͸յ²ã¹ٸ³
ж룬ʵ۵£ū澼ǵñ¸յǻ֮ʱگҪ󳼹߳ʡԺ裬Ҫֲһǧδٱࡣ
΢ͣͣȻ󷢱ԼĿūΪ֮⼴ΪЧʣ֮ȴ˶Ͼ֮󡣱Ͼûб֮ݣԱ֮߹Ա֮ʱΪϾ֮£Ҳϧ
жʵ΢΢ͷǣԼܽ᣺֮֮Ҫ˵£Ϊū澵һǳ֮
һ¿˷֮ʵЦűж룬ֵȥǰƹ˷Ľ顣
ǣ¡жˡ
ʵϣ°ڿŷһϸϸĿһ顣¶Цݣдţ뷨һһĲɣǺǣЦŲԾҡҡͷ׻ͯдͯʸдĻ
һṦʷǰ֮ǰﻹĥɶ£ºܲĵģʲôù°ɡ
֮󣬷ֳʵɫչ΢Ц⣬֪ʲôˡ
ʹӽĶԻһȼݵ飬ɵ˸˵Ц뷨֪޴Ϊ£
϶Σ²֮ˣЩµĻʥϲܴЦġôǺأñ¿ĵģҲûкϲ¡
һ룬һԡȻѵӽˣպúԼҲйԼˡ
£ӽˣ̽
ǺǣȻˣ¶һ롣ʵЦűʣȻ˵ˣ޳⣬һ漰񲿣ʴ顣
ŶСӾȻˣϷԺӦܶѡ
֪Ǻ⣬£ɷóһۡʹ
жһֱһ߿ԾĶԻڳʵڵĺҲеģѵ¶Цݰ
ûȸ̾꣬˳ʵ۵˵æǰȥӹһ£תݸʡ
ʺǺ棬֪ǸֵӽʲôϡŹֵ⡣չһһԾһ㶣ôддġˣӽֵǸνĺڰϿѿôȣӦѾߴдġ
ʿϷй¶ϾõһЩţӽʣȵȶвͬķֿ
˵ģЩǲмõģϾ䣬Թ˵Ļµ˼ǱȽϿЩƹ㣬ҪȻҲԼ
£ȷʵҲΪϾһЩ¼ǹﵽԼĿģͱʥ֮ԵĶϾ䣬ϾΪԼĶһ׷淶Ļͼ˺ܶ壬һЩҪĻӦҪвִֹҪƹ㻹бҪġ
뵽ʰһϣȻųʵ۹£Ϊ׷ʽĻҪĴܱ֤˼ȷʳд˷
óʵۿڣʾͰ뷨˵ˣ˾жһ
ô˵ͬƹױˣʵȷϵ
ǵģ¡ţ׶ˣûϵƹ㲢ûѶȡ
ã¾ͽȥˡƹ֮£ĵȹٷʽݣȶʹôױšʫʸ踳֮࣬Ҫ󡣡ʵۼȷûģͰ·Ը
ǣ¡ʹֵ
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ʵ˻ᣬûֳʵиԼʣµӽ˼ǣˡ
ʱ򣬳ʵ̧ͷˣЩ£밮Ӧöп֪кο
һ㶣ΪҪǵڶأûȴʹȥĿͷһᣬȻ˵£Ϊ˵һ仰Ը
ʵһȤԵøעˡ
ΪµһԣĳǮ佫ϧǰЩ¾ܷ
ǰ޵ĳǮ佫ϧĻǻн²ķݡʵ۵̾˿
̾ûõģʵʵߣ
ΪλӸλߣЧѹ̰ΪԱɣӶԺãкת
ʵ΢΢еʧ֮УҲ֮⡣֮Ϊ󲿷۶ϵصҶô˵֮˵λӸλߣЧ󳼻ûһ˵ġ
֮࣬ο֮ǰȼйһֱδͣѣƼ˼ˣ⣬ָ޳ߣһ֮ʵվ΢ЦŶ˵
֮ݣҵ͡
ЭΡɺã
ÿĳռĿ꣬Ҳֻ֮󣬲ϣڸһ֣ʱһ֮£֮ϣԼαҲܵʩչ뵽ʹֵ£˳֮ݣֻǸ󳼰أ͢ơ
ð䵱ģһŵ㣬ԴΰҲ޻˵ʵۺаյ˵
ʼʥ˵ҲͲƴǣȻһ£ʳʵ۵£ղԷ֪Ⱥ
ʵЦˣѺ֮ᣬԺ⣬˼ʹġ
ɺԵùУ˵˾ȼ֮ʻ⡣
Ŷδ˼⣿
ûϸ룬£·Ľǰʦ̸֪֮ʶ㲩£˵ùУǡ̿д̣ʴ˾ȼ֪֮ɷ񣿡
֮ʵȷˣʵһЦдһ˵ͶԲˡ
ʵ۽һ飬ܺãϵ£˳˵һߣҲ£к뷨˵꣬ʾжתʡ
ţӽֳʲô⣬ʥϵ˼£ӦøΪҪǰ̸Ļ˵Լء뵽е档
զһ֮£ҲǺͳʵһĸоһ¶Ǵ׻ǱӡݣȴԽԽ࣬ԽԽ档
Ȼ׻ûһѧףʤֱף֮бΪƪµ˼һĿȻĵط
ҪݣĿһ¡
Թ佫֮һֱǷ֮֮ã֮ʱ佫֮ʮȫʮķӣӶսá˲ȴѼӽֶ֮õʿϣ֮ȴֲƽ֮ӣвලලֶ֮Σ丯ܡ
ϣʶ»һܴȱݡ¾ʵ־е㲻ףһʱеѡ


39 ©ȱ
ʵۿʺеֹӣǾʵ䣬кλ뽲
£֮ߣȷʵδţලƶȣල󣬶гд𡣳ΪҴʵʩ˲ߣȷܸĵǰ֮׶ˡʰºȻ٩٩̸
ʵĵ˵ͷҲ˼
£˲֮δٴӺζҪ̵̰ܲʿҾʿΪֱ֮ˣڲѲСһ˵ƶ֮֮Դںδ
һ˵ĳʵͷ˵Ҫߡ
ʵĻû˵꣺࣬ƾ֮ѡȡʵ˵ѡ֮ߣմ˲߱Ϊ̸ֽϧ
ʵۺͬʵĹ۵㣬֮ǰԼû뵽뷨ǺãʵѶȴܸߡ룬ʵְһֿ̽Ƿи֮Чķ򣬴˷̫֮ϧ
£ΪĻǷگһ֣̽ԭжһ¹ȫƸ£Ӧ룻ϳսԾ죬©ȱʹԵ
ϵݣʵǴ㱣ܵģ뻹ûа䲼ʹķ꣬ر漰ӣʱǴˡڣƼҲãʱıҲãԼ⡣˵Ҳеͬ顣жȥ֪ͨںӽ־Ƹ֮¡
ӽӵ֪ͨʱǼе㵨ӣе˷ܣϾǰֻһĿѣ˵ﾭϯʲôġҪǸȥ棬˾飻˷ܵǰԼȥڸ̯ĻñǹܸϵĻڣȴǺһȥ̸²ԣԺҪȥŴĳǹܸҸϲ
ӽǰͳսǴ£Ͳˣӽ·һЩϸϵݣŷӽߡ
ӽʱڻûһ˶ԼϤģʵۣжʣŵͷЩ
ʿӽе㲣ͷǿԵģϴο˲١
ӽҲһ߽һߴʣֻǸоӣһû䡣Ӧҵڰɣ⣬Ȼˡ
Ϻ󣬳ʵ֪ӽûȫָʵ·š
ѹۿ¡ʵ۵ӽһã˵ˡ
ŶϽ֪ôģʵĶûİɡӽ
ʵ˵ʱͣ£ӽı飬ڴ֮⣬ﲻһ׽Ū֮⣺֪۷񣿡
ӽתͷʣ޷ʵϷһ˿õϢΣӽתͷԳʵ۵£ű¶˵ģ´Ӧͬɣ
ӽʲôʱô˵ˡʵû뵽ӽԼϡãԼ࣬Ļѿô
ʵ۶ӽͷ˵ǱŵķӣΪƹ֮ͬˣٰ¡
ӽһЦЦ̣졣
ھƸ֮ߣл˵ʵ۲˵ãҲ˵ãֻǵӽ˵Լһ߿š
һʥԼ˵ҲͲˣ˲ȷʵǳ֮⣬εǰ缲֮Ч
ӽǿʼЦݣһתۣ˲δԼ֮ʹ˲߳Ϊ֮ԣ̸ֽѡ
ɶզأӽţôܣ˵䣬͸оԼ̫ˣ˼ҼȻô˵ˣ϶ԭġָĿڵ´˴ͽ̡ӽ˵껹վѧŹ˵ӣ˫ֱȭһ
ӿɽ̣΢΢ͷ˲ߵĿɷΪ֮٣
ǰ
ȻٵҪߣԺδʤΣ
ȻǵУӽԥ˵
ʲôʵۺʶû׼ʵʱ̽棺ǰ
ֻڽ˵ˡ
ڸջȥԽҪΪɣ̭ǿüּ⡣Ȼͽӵ˵ʵҪ̣͸Ͻ˹
һ˳ʵ֮⣬Ҳڣе⣬Ҫ»йϵжԶıˡȻֿһһ·ǣ͸ˣʲôˣôʥǰ١
ʵҲӽһǰͷ
ʵ۵֮ЦŶ˵ʦ֪֮ˣ
תͷٴȷϴЦݵӽǲʶҡҡͷص֪
йϵŶʵû׽ŪӽھȻͷˢˣ鲻
οҲˣֱ˵£˿зδã˶ʶˡ
ҪʵĻ϶ֱ˵ˣͷֱ
ûв³ʵĿĵóѣǺǵЦˣȻ˵֮ǰȼ֮ˣʦ˵ɣҲ޾ټʦ֮ˡ
ȼ֮ˣ䴫ţû뵽ǰ֮ˣû뵽ƼԼʹԼ³ɽ֮գڼұʵǼ⡣
һһֱڴݣ׺ȴֺܾһͷŴۣԵеϣ˵ɤŴģʮ㣬·΢΢еȦȣȴֺȽ
˵Լʱ򣬲ɵԼͷǰƽͷڼûѾ˲٣Ŵ֮ˣ໹Ǻܴģѹֱˡ
ߣһΪţʦϵ£˴گʦǰΪ˵ڶߣƸ¡ʵԹ
ᣬʲôƸ֮ߡе㲻ΪȻ
ʵۿڱ飬֪Ǻӽʲôߡ
ʦҪСȿ˵ʲôʵ˵ʰתڡ
ڻ֮ǰʿʱһķӦҲʿ⣬ңһ˵֮ǰָȱ֮⣬һЩʵ£ٲһ㣺ٵ֮νԺνҲδ⣬һ֮Уףκȫ
ʵ۵ͷΪ֮ˣܿøԶ
ȻˣôȾ͵ÿˡ
ղʱӽοһ뷨ˣҶҲң˵ղЩ֮ǰûнٲһ¡
Щ⣬һʱҲûʲôõĽʱӽ˵ֻ֮ǰûнеģɵüעӽô˵


40 
ٵǱȽϿ̣ĿǰȫһЩӦûλ˵ģƹȫӵĻȻôֳɵġôȻûôֳɵģΪʲôԼأ
һǰΪʲôԼأ֮ǰʵۣ;ḻʺڶû뵽ԭǣʶİѾٹΪһࡣϮģǱǽ죬ȥٵĵڻвܱ佫äֲʶһģοǵܱö༶ľء
͢٣ڱδƲȿ˵
һԵҲŵͷ
ƴͳĶôõģܶؾԱķԣ³ʵ۲֪أȵ㡣
ӽһҲ˵۾ĳʵۡ
ʵ֪ӽԼ˼ҪԼ̬ǰӽԼ˵Լ˴кܶƵĶҪơھһˡ
ӵĸܣδĽ²ڶİΧУ֮¹ڵͿ̿ҰҲʹԼگҪ¾ϵͳĻ²Σλö˵ˡ
ʵᵽƸµԺͱҪԣᶨĵ˵ͷʦصģǰ֮ƺ֮оʵʩ֮
ںʶѭؾ֮ˣֻǵƸ»𼰺ܶ˵棬˵ûʥϼᶨ֧֣ٺõĲԸ£еġײ֮ˣΪʸ֮ġ
ʵ۶˵󣬿ӽ٣ߣ
£ھٵҪλ˸ղѾˣȻҪѾˣǾͿԵĽ
ںʶ΢΢ͷ
ȣһܸϾоսٵҪҲҪֻǲԲɱΪĿģǿ塣
ӽ˵Ҳûȫָվֵһָͷ
ΣٵıְְλǷ裬ӦˡЩǰȾҪʶ֡ӽֵĵڶָͷ
ٻ˼˵һڲŲʤΡӽֵĵָͷ
ģ˼빤Ҫʿ䣬ԱܺʿһƬܸ߸ϣʿΪ֮ˡԾٻӦʿͬʹľʿŻӣ壬ɴ˵˼ЧҲáӽֵĵĸָͷ
壬ٱڱ£ڳ͢طСӽһŵĴĴָ
ӽλ˵Ļϣһ˶ھٵľҪȻ˻ָͷ֣Ȼճȭָͷ
ܽ˵ʵһ㣺ʣ輼ܺ˼֪ǷϿɡ
ʵۺڣʶͷվϵжԾõ˵ͷ
ԣǿԿһѧУѧãոѧԾӵʿ䣬֪ʶӣͨգǼİնû⣬ֻҪͨѧԣͲһʹ˲šе˾ϸڣÿʱһοԣͨǵʹãԲͨѧϰβپ߱ѧϰʸ񣬳ɱ̫ߡ
ֻӽһ˵٩٩̸͸һš
ʶֵ²аɣʷˡ
ӽתʣ˵´ˣΪֻҪҾ֮ģ˵ڹͨѧϰ˶⡣
Ѳģ˭Կͷ˵Ҿʵ˭֪ʲôһأ
ʵ֪㣬滹ᡣ
⣬ĿǰʿǲʶֵģԱдһЩͨ׶ĸþٽ̸ʿ䴫зǳõЧôӳҾΪٰѾҲдȥ
ݴ˧бӣʶ㲩
ǣǣұǶİٶļʶءӽĵװ˵
˵ʿ䣬ӽ˵ʲô˵£ʵ٣Ҫʶ֣ʿҲʶ֡
⻰һ˵˶ʿ䶼ʶ֣ǳǴûй鰡
ʵ͸ź棬ʵԺν⣿
飬ʶ֣ʿ䶼ˣͲäӡĻϲ֮ˣйĶɿײʿҲֱĺû
ӽ˺񲢲Ƿǳͬӣͼ˵ڵ̱ʱûݾҪ¡ǲʶ֣ϴֵı֡ˣ࿼µĺҲ֪Ҿĵ
ӽͣЪУŶҹգʱģ׼飬ȻЧ鱨׼ȷĴɡ
ʵۣںʶ˳˼ӽǣԼ˵ţʿʶ֣ͻ飬ܶ೤ʶսң޷ܵϼָҲңһʤ㡣
ӽܽ᣺ʿܶʶ֣ЩЩ鲻ʲô¸ôѡ񣬶ܱȲʶֵʿȷѡ񡣡
ʵӽ˵ĻԺţʿ䶼ʶֵĻ涼ᾪĿɿڴɡ
̫ˣ˶֮Ȩʿ䶼Ļ¶˲ͬ⡣ѵ
´ˣûʲôŵģֻƣԹҲǴӲģʿҲˣƾʲôܶˡӽʵ
ڵЩȻĳǴھСʵʿ֮࣬ʶ֣
ӽתͷڣþѵ֮ʿʶ֣Ҫʿʫԣֻʶ־ͳɡ
ʵ۵ǲʿʶ֣޵ڵЩ˶ɿ׷ˣѬģ޳Ҫǣʿʶ֣ǶҪֽʣǮ˵ʱûǮʿֽʶְ
ӽЦŶԳʵ۵²õģѲ˶Ǯġ´˵ҲǼҾƶɳ֦ϰдֵġ
ͣͣȻֵʳʵ۵£ɼǵǰǿڰô
ʵӽǰһľͿɺɫдֵΣǣ˵ͷ
һԷȻˣ֪ϡ
ڰ壬ͲҪֽˣд֣Ȼдáʿ֣ڵϷдֲԼֽšڰ壬һٿͬʱ̺ܶʿһʶ֣û⡣
ʵӽôһ˵ŷԭǿڰôôʡǮͷö
ңڰЯʿԼһСڰ壬һ顣ƽʱûɳرȽĵطͿСڰддӪʱһʶֵʱֿ԰Сڰƴһһڰ壬þ̡
ֶͷӽȻʿ䱳Сڰս龰һЧɿЦСڰٵ֮ʣܵСãء
⻰˵ڳļ˶ЦˣҲ̫ˡ
ȻѧϰЩȵĶҲ޴ˣǿԵġ
˵ôãںȻӽû˵νԺνһ֮УףκȫĽֻǻش˵һѡǣڰѻ˻Ľ
ӽʱôһ³ôˣãǾ˵ɡ


41 
ӽ˵£λˣΪҲӦԾЧسƶȡ
˲ɵҡҡͷ˵УȣǾܷ⡣
˵ʵֵۣȻҲܷʵ⣬һЩǿ¹ٵӵҲз⹫ģκ͵ֶκΪ
ǣûһƶȻĶӽϽӹ˵ңȾλӦֻڸ߼ɣسľֶʮȣʿ䵽зݡܼʿ
һѵô˵Ⱦʿսûɸչۣʶ˶֮
ʵ׾Ϳŵ¼ӵıۣǾ£Ϊ磬̬Ⱥ⡣ƫ˰ɣ˵Ժννôôʿȥˣѵ滹һת֮£뵽Ҳԣ;Ŀš
ӽشʵ´˵ĺãˣǿȡ䳤̡ʹҴӵսȴֲһȫ
ȫɤӽĶ
һʵоλʹҹ̼ʿ佫ڶ׼ΪΨһʵ־׼Ϊʿ˾
ôһý⡣ͳ߶ͷ顣ӽ˵ص㣬š
һͲ˵˰ɣص˵ڶ㣬سĶʮȾ˵ʿ䰴׼ֵģ㵽ʿͷϡһ׼ðɱðʿƴ׼򲻹˾ͣ򲻹֮ͬ顣ǣûУսֻһˣܸԷ׼ôûͬ۵ڻƴܸԷ׼ôûнָӣܸԷ׼ôӽһ䡣
ڡʺͳʵ۶ͷʾܡ
ԣսʵǽսģݴ˧һʵĺܺãıǰһСŶӽеģһרŸ׼ȻСŶӹ׼͡
ӽȻʶԼƫˣؼǣȥˣûã
ͷɫ΢죺˼ƫˡһ˵ؾٵ°ɡ
ʿ佫ȷ֮£ڳھ˵ҲǼΪĵ飬Ҳںӽ˵ƫ֮£ûȳʵ۷ԣȿɤˣ޷˵
Բһûã
ںɶûá⣬ǰûþ˵ˣǾǰʧǣҪġ
ûʱͷĳʵۺǺЦˣȻ˵ҺڲǴ飬µΪ㣬ǰʧǣ޶˵
ںʶظ֮ˣӽᣬ˲ŸɣΪС¶Ȼǰ˲֮⡣ڿʵԻػӽ֮⣬͵ղûӽ˵ˡ
˵֮¡ʵۼ˵
ӽмĿ˳ʵһۣȻʼ˵ٵ¶ھ٣ΪӦҪоλӦһҪǹһЩͼľλǣٶҾߺͽ̵ţֻǷ֮ʽҾòҲ滯ˡ˴ľλǻӵڴڱ¡
ףʵ۵ͷ
ڶٵĹ϶ΪԸְȣʿʶʡԸһʶʵı׼ڱ׼Ҫڱ׼һ㣬Ҳڱ׼ľͽǹΣʿΥΥҲʶֿһ׼򴦷ʿԽ࣬ٵĹҲԽࡣԷһĵȼۡ
ôʱȽϸģӽ
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ӽһǶͬԼ뷨̵ġ
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Ҳڵд˷֮Ǯ֧֣ҲһʲƵ֧
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ǲѪרõôΤСʼõҲǸɣӾүŲŶӽͷʾû
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42 
p߽Уֳʵޱ棬һֻᶽжźš
ѵҪץȥڰɣѾδټˡ
һţһ߽ڵأμ꣬꣬꣬꣡
ڸ׸ôݵģֻΪйԾİݼˡ
ʵ۲ûҲζֻ˵ϣͳƳ֮صʧΣ
pʵ۳Լϣ֪ûԼأʵ۵Ϊѣ£²ȥδãʱ޷ͳơ
²֮ȳ֮ɱﱻݱ١ԶĲ˵ʦ֮ڵÿ찧֮֮жʵ۵ġ
pͷ亹ʼĶͷ֡
²֮ʣĵ֮ԣ֮ߡʵ۵ԽԽߣлص
ԬĺѧôģǰЩ㶼İɣ
p亹ѾСϪ˳գӳĺ˳ƶ¡ȥͷص
ʵ׿pӣ֪ǰϷѾࡣǣһͻ˵ϸ˰ɣûйҲпͣɵģģƽɡ
ʥϵͻp˿صϳл¡
ʵ۶վһжϴ
pվ͵͵Ĳ˲˰ƨɵϡҲǻºʮˣ֪鲻ôģ϶ġ
p֮󣬳ʵֿˣŸϵĿͣе˲ᣬ˽²֮мҵ˿»ᵯԱϡʱ˶ĻҲ˸ˡ
ʵôһ˵pסˣ֪Լ߼˾ڳʵ۵һ֮ˡʥ˵ЩˣƽʱͽԼһǵ棬ƴҧһڵ
pվųʵ۹ʥá
ʵûнĻǼԼĻ⣺ϽӦʮˣﻹһɰɣ
ʵһ⻰ʥϵ˼ˡˣڳ͢ϣļڸϻ磬ʥϵ˼ֻҪҴǹٲعӦûԼһ
ǣp£ۻ軨Ѳʤεǰְ׼ϻ硣
ʵû˵ãҲû˵ãʺpʣ֪οǷʸ񣿡
p׳ʵ۵˼ˣԼλڳǣ£Ϊɣ˼ݣ˹֮ɲţ´ࡣ
ʵ۵ͷpʶģûϺͿҲôġϻȥд£糯ϸޡ
pǳʵ۽ԼĿģڽˣʥˣԼҲһġ˫Ӯˡˣǹٹɡ
p˳ȥ֮󣬳ʵ۸иŵĶһźжðԲ˹ĶǣԼ顣޲а
жæ֮ӣЩᲢۡ
ʵЦЦû˵¡
˵ӽصƫ󣬼棬˵ƫ飬صͻԼڻʵۺ͹سǰ޾ɫָ㽭ɽΪ֮̾¼ĩˣ̾һ䣺ϧûһѶëȰ
е棺Ҫëȸʲôʮ·ݣҪӣ

ԭӽëַˡǣ۾ӽҪⲮ浱ȻΪˣȻǵù˵Ҫд££תȥķıˡ
ӽһҪɣԼڰǣһ߻һںڰϰѾƸĸҪһһдȻв©ȱȵòĵطˣûʲô©֮󣬶׼ϵİ˵˵д
ɵĵ˵ͷ
Ϊ׼εһξдˡŶûдʵ䶼ܼ򵥣õ˶ţţֺ֮ļŶѡɣȻͲˡ
ӽպãȻ֣صĶӽ˵ӣūм仰Թ˵
ӽ֣أ֪϶ǱȽҪˣԼ̬Ҳ֣صĶ԰˵ãл˵ˣΪš
ӽӴʱԽãҲԽˣֻѾˡ
ӣҪ糯ȥˣǷ棬ūȸһЩӦûרŵǹٹġ
ԭû⣬ӽ
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ӽˣ֪һΪԼǡǲֻھУʼûкӡ
ԼԺ϶ܶ˴򽻵ģȻԼǺ򽻵ЩĳµıûУƤϵĹȴһģʵۻţҪ˵ԼҲǲܵ顣
ӽ뵽ϿҵĶ԰˵лл㣬档Ժһעġ
һӺԼĻֳ̬Ͽңʱ˷һġ
ڶ죬糯Ϳʼˣڸ󸨳ԺϹͷһһаࡣ
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ڸ󸨳ɻ£Ȼоȼ֮Ϊʹ̫񣬳֮͢λǹֻоھھΪ䲮ס
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ӽϵˡٹǶ˵е˵ɶģģе˻ûӽĽŲŲӿŵˡ


43 糯
ӽȺɶᶽжĸɶӰš
жڶɶڴ飬ڲԹɫһˡ
֪ӽɵͳʵеķһСźţӽϸϸĲһЩǹٲע
ӽѾкܳһʱˣ̴򽻵ԶԻ¹ֽ˺Ů֮ѼֲˡңΪԺʱûеƽ˼룬Բ¶˵̬ȣðам
˵ûصЩģߵλ͵˲ŻУأҲֲԷǲĴԼƽʱǶ޸֮˵ĳƫԼԭһӣӽͽĸ⾡ĺϸ¡
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Ű˵ĳǹۣӽһ֣΢΢Ц£ǺǣϲʷϿ󲿷ĳ硣ûֻ֪ͷ˾Ϳͣǿ˾Ͷ㵽һߣ֪ػ˵Ĺ
ӽͨ˾һ·ǰУֻߵĴ󺺽˸󣬴ףһվţƷǷĳЩӾĴ󺹽ģϵ·ͷģֱˣǣȺԱҲҪע󰡡
Щ󺹽ٺãҲֻװѣɱкôӽ뵽΢΢̾۹ԹҪӵİ
̫͵֮ӽûеͷǰУǱ̧߱ͷųʢûԾˡ
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ӽһʱƫƫĻԼھڳ糯ϡ
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ӽһ㶣ò״ѧҵҧĽֵĿˣȴ⿼ңⲻҪ۸ô
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ʥԼֺõĻĻһڣЩڸ˸Ѿ鶨ˣΪԼңֻϳʵˡ
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ʵſ쵶ն飬Ͻ˵Ҳоȼ֮һֱδͣ׸飿
УҲǺpΪ˳ȺԼѧйͨڵһʱ׸Լǣ顣
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44 ղ۹
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ΪΣʵ۽ӽĻ׷ʵ


45 
ΪռصĿƼ󣬾ǹˮƽܵͣ첻ǹЩ٣ܶͳЩطҪԭĹ֧ԮܶĹҶľеһ֧ӹܸ㶨ġûܶ
ӽҲ֪ʷǲûܶҲ֪ǲԭ򣬷ȸԼˡ
ʵסˣվʼ߶
书κĻʵ۶ģοʵѪĽ׶ء
̫Ļһ⣬ղʦ˵ʽҲһֶΣǿһԡ
ڣЩĳĽ£ǽĹߡңɶ²Ű¶ھ֮ء޴ʱҲ
ʵ뵽һŷڵģȴˣȻԼ뷨˵ӽ
£ûϵڲУͽֻҪ׼ڱµ쵼£Ϊղ۹ػʺ䣬涼ӱ£һΪǧһۣ
ʵĵͷԻ͵ĳɾڵԼǣԼɵġӽ֣
ӽ׳ʵ۵˼Լֻ֣һ
һ죬춨˴Ժһ߷
󣬳ʵ۵ؿʼƽӽһЩ֣ʵʦ޵Ļʼǰ̫͵˳κĽзô㣿
Ǻǣģʮ׳ŶţǾɳңо㡣ȫǱ
ν⣿
ȫ⣬ôһ㣬˳ˣУ֬ԸһͣɵƣʳáӽҲǵþĹˣֻģ֪мֵʱֲ֪㴵ҲûܽҴ
£뿴ҪܶץЩ㣬Ȼ˵ȥǲҲܽǵĲֿˣ
еʵ۵ͷҶô㣬ץĵôץˣô˵½أʵкܶҪ˷
ﻹкööõĶ԰£ԺһлᣬһҪ
ʵǷǳʵۣӽʵҲһˣ֮ǰЩۣѹʵ۴̼ˣԺӽˣʵҲȻĥôȥ˺
ʵڵȫ侲ˣϵĵͼӽʦͼɷڹУ
ȻûˣסĵطûУҪŪˣʧʹˡӽЦ˵
ʵһԼĶͷȻ޵Ĳˣʦһ֮ˣ޲ƣˡˡ
ʵ˵תж飬ʹĵطլԺ
жһ£Ȼش£ʹϽģһĺԺڶ֣ǲ鳭κãǰڷС
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ãã٣ססͿˡӽź˼άϽȻϲ׵һǵĺԺҪں붼¶һͬ½ĺԺһµҪң·ˡ
ʵ۷ó̫ªˣܲ˼ֶӽ˵ʦٺ»͵ȫˣ޻ͷôǰ֧㡣
зǮޱߡǾ̨ʣӽϡǵôһ䣬ˡ
һҲ͵֡ʱʵע⵽˰棬֮ǰӦĻ£ǣж飬ʦĻ׼ôˣ
ӽһȻش£Ȼ˽²ٽ飬ݻˡ
жҲԱ߲£ū˺ʵͨСھŻҾһ㣬ĸһֳڡ
ʵ˵ͷʾ֪ˣȻ԰˵ʦҪȢΪޣ֮ǰǰסˡȣʹͨݴޡ
˵΢΢һּ֮ǰҲоȼּ֮滤ʦй˵ҪͶһֱδ͡޷ĸΪƷھ˿ɺã
һܸĸھˣϲ⣬Һӽһд󣬸Ͻл
ʵֶӽ˵ʦһô˴ȥլӣҪЩʲôĶ׼ãͷһհȥ
ӽģϾͿԼļҡȴǲֻʵ۵л
ʵӽ֪Ҳ˺óһʱˣҲһˣͻȥæˡ
ȳʵһߣӽ˸ֵĶҮĻ¡
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һһ㲻ֵĿӽðĹٶܴеӽڱһֿ֣ջԼҲǳˡ
һᣬжת˻ֻ̧̳һӣõ֮󣬰ӷӽǰȻ˳ȥ
ӽĿӣɶ
жŷ˦£ӽ˹ȻЦŶʦòˣǱ´Ӧȫٺ»Ըٺ»ȫ۳㡣
ӽ΢΢˼жڴ򿪿ô
жȻ԰
ӽһ򿪣һԪеģ
ţöࡣӽóжзݣҪ٣
һʮǶʮˣͨϰһǮһˡɶһһľۺҲʮӽһ־Ƕʮһ󷽡жľٶѾľˣæƴǣ˳ʵƣӽŲٸˣҲ˵жͲöʮӣҪԭӽǳʵǰĴˣԼλöǿ˵ŵģ˲ܲж
жӽֳʲô۶ӣϽ˵ðӣȥǷҪЩʲôԱǨ֮ǰи׼
ӽһæ˵ãȻ˿ӣóڻ־ú񲻹ȻŸϸӣƵĽ䡣Ӽӣа˾ʮأƵҲס
æ˺󣬶԰˵ߣȥȻ׼жš
ӽ˼ְûиͷһΪѵģֲӣЩ֣ôߣ
е㲻˼ĵӣЩӡӽȻԭΪ⣺ûϵڹ˭͵£ߡ
ӽҲǲ̫ӵļֵӣһ൱٣һӵĻʮˡҪ֪ӵļֵҲû˿ҲôˣͲνČ˿ˡ
ĴߣǱжҲ¶ͷӣ˵Լģ͸ȥļȥˡ


46 
Ͻһǲεģ⼸˶ûȨǶֻܲǰλڶ֮Ķ
·żһЩ¹ٹŮжȥæõһ
жһ㶼ӣֱӾ߹ȥˡЩ¹ٹŮҲϰΪֻǶ洩µӽеܺ棬۾ⲻˡ
ϽҲ̫ˣһ˲еƣǣӽж졣
Ȼӽ֪ϽУչǲ¹ٹŮ˽ͷӶģĩķѾܻ糯ڻʼйԱоܿжӽ죬ҲΪ⡣
ǶˣɣӽܺĵӰӾӰ죬رԶţΪӡ̣ľ⡣
˲ЦˣۼҶǼβ͹ӵģ簡жЦ˵
ôһ˵ӽˣ˵ʵһǻ󣬾ͰѶͽˡҲ԰жִƶô
벻ףӽֱжˣͽûб³ô
ⲻŵôжҲ֪ӽ˽ʲô͵ʥϲûгֻگóšͻǵټˡ
ŶԭӽǸˡʱҲôһֹ۵㣺˵ʵ۰Ѷͽʹĳʧȥ˼ලż
ӽҲ޵ӳʵǰڣĳĳΣƴӣΪòرֱƶŭӶ˳ʵ۵ԸתΪɣΪ˵ϢԴĺ˶ԡ
뵽ӽжһͷ˻ϣ飬ؿǶͽ
ж֪ʱӽڳʵеķֻҪ˵ˣʮ֮߰˻׼ġ´ϲͣתӽһˣл˲ˡ
ֻҪóؼգԼȨƣֻȦϽһͷȮѡ
ÿҲΪϣΪǵġΪǲɻȱģӽ͵
һ·һ·ģ֪Ϳ쵽ţʱ򣬺ǱߵİԶԶһ˹ȥ͸Ͻӭ
ȸж񣬽˸ɵȻָӽкٴιϲӽϲʥ죬Դլһǰ
˶ţ˻ǺӺգǺӱֱӲߣʤڱֱŻǺϽǶǽƽС
·ұǸٰԼٸ֮ڡ
ʱѽ磬̫Ⲣ˸еȣ෴Ⲣûиʱĺߵһ˿ů·ϵ˺һϡ١
ûж󹦷򣬾˶ſڡ
ſϷһڵ׺ֵĺң顰³ĸ֡ſڵļԶͿǵĳˣֱͦվǣһ˵ſں󣬴
֮ǰӽʵѾͷйһνӴˣֻǸʱӽǻԵ״̬֪ˡ
ʱӽϸϸش˵Ѿãƻ޶Ķӡֻ⼸ӶһñŰƤѥɫ·ϵһСУһҵӡ˿ҲܾûеӰӾе
жſվסӣȻת԰˵صأŮӲڣڴ˵صš
汾ͶԶȽη壬ŲýȥȻû
жֶ԰ԸڴŰ
ǣɵ
ӽ汻棬еԥжⰢ棬˵˲ǽȥͳѶʱġ
ӽжô˵ҲͲˣȥˡ
ƹӰڣһͥԺǰһƷ顰ĸ֣ͥԺ´ҵӰϣʽܶĹ¡иͨԱߵСͤ湩µĵһãλ
ӽЩֻһ¶ѣΪվˣĿ⡣Щ˻ǴԲñѥֱġ
жһ·߽ȥЩһֱͦӣжʺá
ӽ͸ж߽ȥȥЩ˺ҲڸʺƵġӽûʲôͷΪЩеɢű뺷ϢеɢϢһ仰˶Ǻǵġ
һ̫ʦΣ¼һӣֻߵֱұߵԶЩмǰ̫ʦΡ
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жɨиˣȻһ˵غ֣ܶۼôһ½˶Űɣ
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˼ϣһжҿյס
ʥϷǳ˲˲ҲӦʥǰ˵˵Ƕؼա
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һ˼ν˲ӦʥϴӦ·ųȥɵǲ
жһǲˣĿһ£ϾͰˡֻЩ˵ɫ֮ǰ࣬һ˷̬ܵԱ
ʥǲǴӦ˲꣬ǶҪסˣûУ
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Щ˵Ĺְǧ̰ٻԼưࡢࡢ˾ǳȥ赶Ūǹ֮ˣȻԼţ׷׳Ƽ
жˣһ۳ҲеͷһǷۡ۳й˰ٴܴ
жȥ˱װٹȻתӽ˲ɻ
ӽ㶣Ȼҡҡͷû
붨ֿҪưϽǵģûнͨ߿ɲСжӽ˵еΪѣ˰ûгӣôã


47 
ʱϵǧΧȥڽˡ
Ǹ취жͷ
ӽ˵ȻûһʱӽһԸʲôʱȥԭΣȻѧŵӦúܹ񫣬οһСܴӵĻˣܲԡ
˵Ҫȥ賵ܾ뵽İӦҪģûҪˡŴûοԼ
һᣬ͹˰ٴѻñװǱߵĳҲ赽ˣһƥִһ׼׵ӽжǣȻͰһɰݳ˰ٴߣֶȥ
ӽڳое𶯣ĲǺ̾ԭҲ˰
ӾƥǱе֡
˱Ǳ˱ҲӽҲϸĽͣģһʶ
Ҳɣˣڳҡҡλεһ·Ȼࡱ
ӽ˳Դ̧ͷĶӡܲ˼ֵ¶ӣ˼ӽߡûһࡱȴӽԼĶӡ
ӽǺǵЦˣʱӦѾ磬Ӻö
ǣƿ˳߻Ĺ˰ٴһ˹ӽ˼ĵԷʱ˰ɣûע⵽˼λ˰ɣҼҷݳԸɡ
ʱ򣬾ѾŤˣӽĻʾ˲ȥʲôľ¥
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ȻûнгӸ磬Ӽӽ˵ҲΪˡ˰ٴƼ˵ǰиľ¥״Ԫ¥ҪǾȥǱ߳ԣʶӣǵĸ֣СТ
ôԣȻˣ˵ǻǳҵġȻˡк¡磬ֱӾ˳
Ȼӽô˵ˣ˰ٴҲͲˡӽٶǰϡ
ܿ죬͵˹˰ٴ˵Ǹ״Ԫ¥£ӽͰ涼˳һӭСһǽ꣬һǰѳӸϵһͣáǣ˰ٴҲȥһϵš
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ӽŴԲǺܷ㣬ǣûа䡣
СȻӽŲ£ΧţȶһˣŵġҲҵȥ˶¥һż䡣
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ӽգգ۾ֱӰӾˣʵô
˰ٴӽĲ֪ͽ͵ǰӽ㣬ϺķһһҲķһңĸڰ˷һֻˣǾǷſ˳ԣȫ⣬Ҳ߰ǮҾ͹ˡ
ôֵģǺ˰ٴѾ͵ôˣԼǱȽģеΡ
濴ӽɫ֪ɶԭǣߵӽߣսĶ˵ӣһΪʮǮһǮΪһٸ֡
ӽůĵǰʹԼڳ
װûŹ
ӽ׵ǰۺ󣬸оԼɵðһѡ¾תע⣬кλˡ
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֪潫Ϊ˵£˰ٴ֪ﰵ档
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˰ٴӽ¿϶ӽġ
Сû˵¿͹ٲʧȥһ׬Ǯĵ㣬æƼ͹٣죬һ̵ȵľǣɰܰ
ӽƳȵģԼҲóŴľưɣǵͷ˵״ԪƺŮȸһȻ󣬲ֻܼõϣҪ졣
С֪ǴĴӦӽ˵꣬˰ٴСȵǶǺȾƵмˣҪǸһˮСơ
СңȻƨƨߵȥæˡ
ҿŵСȥһʱû˻˵
˾ȿڶӽʥʹ͸լӣʱڰ˰ϡϲ˲
Ҳ֪ӽԼǮǺ;˸ӣµضβЩķӣ䷿ģҲʮҡ˲լӲ󣬶ҵضκãڶ֣ĸۡҲǱߵġ
ӽˣǺǵЦˣҲ˵ڼҪںҪϵķۣҪǧɣ˵򲻵
Ҳ壬һϲӽ
ʱ⴫һߣ߿㣬ģϸǵƤˣɨˣһ˼ĿȥġӼǡڳ䣬ͷһд


48 
Щ˲ûһͷײż䣬ȥ˸ڵһ䣬ܿ͹ȥˡ
ӽ磬ܱܵزĸоҲû׷ȥ׵ĳ嶯
˼ӽµģҲͲˡת˻ŷάӽⲻ˵ġ
ܿģСŰѲҪЩģеʣɫ߲һûУ˵Ул֮ġ̺õһ״ԪһŮůżһǵů¯ϣȡá
ҲˣȻˣӽһкͶ
ÿ˵ĳͬӽԵţٶȴܿ죻һʼʹڴڵĳԣԵúܶ˰ٴʼĳԣˣԾҲӽĳ࣬ٶûӽ졣Կˣͬʱڣ˳ڣųһڣ˳һڵҪڡ
ӵ˸뱥󣬼˿ʼƱյĺȻ沢ȣǸǵ˾ƣѱӦõƵĵСϵſȥˡ
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ƹ֣ӽĻͶˡʹ˰ٴǶɵĵƷǵĿڱô
û˰ٴû˵ȿˣеһƴΪкȺ֮
˰ٴһۣȵС㣬ڨڨЦ£˵ˡ
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ŶԭӽʣΪʲôϻ½أ
СҲ֪ˡ˰ٴԼ֪ԭģõ˵˵֪ˡ
ӽҲΪǣȾơ
˰ٴӽ⣬Ҳһϵĺ
ûʱ䣬Ǹżִ˹ԽԽƣеĺҲŮѹŵĿ
ЧǺܺãֺȲȥˡ
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СæȻȥЭˡ
Сȥ˺һᣬڵĽЭɹˣСʱһߵġ
ӽСӣǱ߰˶ˡ֪š
ּļ˳ԵĲˣõСϲˣǼӵ⳥ˡ
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ӽԵĸˣˣʴҶԵĲˣͽеСʡ
һᣬƹˣŸСӡЦ͹ȸʮλһһǮ֣Ǯķӡ
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ƹļ˺˵ҲܸˣȻȡһͭǮ˵ʮͭǮպá
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ƹЦ˵͹٣СĶһǰµǮׯһһģţȥʡ
˰ٴƹûʲô
ӽˣӳԷҲ̫鷳ˣǻҽʵķ㰡ˣȥҲҪϽ
뵽ӽʱȥˣƹ˵ƹģ㣬ǻȥҪǷ˵м٣ܵ˺УܲġӦ׵ģ
ᣬᣬСžӪƹ˵
ӽӹ˰ٴӹͭǮ£ûеأְһͭǮһƵ˹˰ٴǰ˵λˣȥȾơ
˰ٴæƴǣӽ˵кöҪǰæģǲգԺͲˡ
˾ֻˣͰһֻû˵
ʱ򣬸żˡҶûʰʰżſڡ
һſڣһ©һ°ӽľƾ˳ƾƾʼȵʱûʲôоᣬƾͻһЩܺȵˣҺȰ׾ƣǲҺȻƾƵԭ򣬾⡣
ʱڰԽˣ˼е޼ɵЦͼŮѹĿƤ޵
ӽʱһȣģ컯֮£ŮˣҪҪˡ뵽תżȥ


49 
˰ٴһӽ̬ƣ֪Ҫˡ˴Ͳµ֮ǰֻǹǵӽ뷨γӰ˺ȾƣͲˣȻû˵ˡ
˰ٴסӽӽĿ
ӣֻܿţСѵǡ
ӽô˵뿴ô
żſһҶģˣ߼˵̬ƣ֪Ҫ£ʹӵվӦԡ
ֻ˰ٴߵǸҶǰָıӵǷӵĶծһֱܶԭǶﰡҿ㻹ܡ˵꣬һȭ˹ȥ
ǼҶ˵Ϊϴˡͣһȭͷ͵ˡ
˰ٴõɾһȭϣĲأȴ˸żȥˡ
˰ٴû׷˽ȥӽǼҲһӵ룬档
ǳ뷿ܴһ¾Ͱ˵עˣֹͣеĶתſڡ
˰ٴ׷ȥʱ򣬷ɿһۣûҪرעˣȥҪǸù
ӽȥһӵܵḡСᣬϷƺںȾƣһ뿪Ƥޣڳźﵥ·Ѿһģ˲ѪǱе֮ģдЧΧżҶһΪǵ塣
ʱſڵĳҶ֪߲ƣҲǵ˷ԸΣΧ˹
һǰϲӽǰ档
˰ٴ͵ûڵĶֻǸصļҶϻ߶ţǷӣǷӡ
ǸŮ˵СһᣬȻ󺰵ʲôʲô˳ıӵҴҵˣ
û˵ĻǷӵծҲӴ㡣˰ٴһ˵һ֣֪һⲻҪɼܣԷ˶࣬Ƚһ˵ֱӰ˵ȸˡ
ǸһɱʽĺУһ˿ӾҲʶˣûǷծ
ʱ򣬰վӽˣĶӽ˵ӣÿҲŮӣ֪ôץ
ӽûӦǱǸñӵСῴ˰棬۾һҲǸϺеļҶˡ¶һǷЦݣλôƯҹźˣͷӡдѵӡ
ϵҲվԴ֡
ӽŽģһе龰ߣûôŮ˵ġʱԷֳԵϷ档Ҳ˵ſڵùĵӣˡ
ΧҶһҲſֽţ׼ɼܡ
ϰѰ滤˵һߣӭȥ
һһȥȶͬԶǸһУȻһһףһɨȳȥžડֱӰѿұ߳һŵˡʱǸƭ³˹ֱӾͳ׼һȭַӣɾ䣬һϡ
ӽ˵ӣճ嵽ǰͷּ˶ˣ㶣ǰͷǸǷĻȥ
һԵĹ˰ٴӽƣɲȥϻƵƤޣҪСӽһޣûˡ
ǣһܵӽǰ棬ֳƣԷñ޵󣬶硣
˰ĿӰתϣֱӽǻ˰ٴƤһ¾ͰѴڵϡûȺֱۣһߵ˱ǽϣήӣŷӦʼۡ
ǰɨڵصҶûɶˣһӱ򣬼ˣε
עţǰһɨȣְǸ̷ˣȻһ°γһΪָһѣֱӼܵҶĲϡ
Ҷһٶ˼ҲǴ˼ңԺôʶ֣ʱŵĵԼ¶֣ٿ⵶ʽһ´ʧɫ
֮ǰǺȾƽкõҲվ׼ֲսҶôһŵһҶˡ
ȻѾȥˣڣǰҲģʱǻٶ
ӽûйô࣬ϵİ˵㣬ڵϵƤޣͼ嵽ǽͷŵ˴һߴһ˵Ϸ棬ŮˣҲˬ
˱ͷܣҲûֻܱܿÿ
ƤҲǹ˺ŮϵЧ࣬ƫ̻ܿ˵·ҲˣѪ
ϵ˼ѱĳѪˣ䲻Ҷ֣Ҳģλӣүͷɣ֮ǰᶽӪıѫɮ濴ɡ
ӽһƾˣȻûҲ˷ţ𾢣ûԻֻܴš
һԵĹ˰ٴˣٿǸҪٱȥµ̧ȥˡȰסӽ˵ᶽӪıѫ֮ӣʥΡҪ²Ǻܺý
ӽǽͷһֱصĶ飬ϰࡣҪӳ谢棬ŹŮˣ˵ƣҲ嶯˴ӽоһ˿С
ڼ˰ٴȰˣҲˣƤ޶ӵ˵´㡣Ȼ֣ת׼ˡ
һת֮ʣŮĻ༷ţǽǣϵѪȻˣΪ·΢΢
ӽɵתӣţҸĸôģŮ˶ôݵ֣ô·
ͷɥ˵ǼһӸģ˵ļôǺѣʹ˾ˡ
ֵһӣʲôʱ˲ֵǮˣ˾ӡֹ۵ӽҲ˵Ĳ˼顣
һᣬûƤޡ˶ҶͿӽڷ쭡
ˣӽʵôôֵֻһӣ
˰ٴҲ֣ôˣû


50 
ί˵Լȥ֪ˣЩˣ˻ܻ͵ɣ
ӽŤͷڽĹ˶ᣬ˵ͷ
ӽתŹ˰ٴ˵ߣȥ
ﳤĶǱȽƯģͻ䣬ÿհܶǻУӡָΪūΪ澣ôܻȥ޺Ҳ˼Ҽˡ
ȴֱ¥࣬ԣзƤź򡣲ҲӽһˣҲһ
һȽϴ˼֪ӽһߣЩ˱Ȼͷϣʱǵˡǣ˳ȥſӽ£Ӿ
˼״Ҳһȡ
ӽǵһα˹е㲻֪Ӧԣת˰ٴ
˰ٴӽ˼ˣҲѾˣνˡֱߵǸǰҼҹ£ǵ
úǰŬŬ죬Ǹվһߣ汻ļҶӻóֽη߽ӽݸ
˰ٴȥ˼Ҷӽֱϣȶ˹Ȼ
֪ǱˣΪͷҶη˵ǽû˲ͣ
˰ٴû͵ϮĿԣתѼӽ
ӽ˼£ͺʹѧʱӢﵥһдޱķͷۡ
Ҳ࿴ˣֵݸǼŮӣǵ߰ɣԺúùӡȻ׼ˡ
ӣǰɣ޴ȥ˼
⵹ûпǹҪĻÿŵ˼ˡӽת档
ȻС뿪ҽˣҲûмôҵѺͬ顣ӽ֪⡣
ӣӦҪʹѾߣҪǰɡ
ӽô˵ӦҲǣʹӦˡ
ӽȳţں棬ǰ壬Ȼˣ˰ٴ˶˳ȥˣ˵ڳ˶һۣ˳ȥ
¾λúôһɣ˻ȥ
һţһʹ¡ӽüͷһ壬ôȷʵģ𶳳ˡû·Ϳ˰ٴǷ⡣ͨ¼˰ٴܲӡ
˰ٴֵٴһ²СĿƤ÷Ǽ˵ĶӽûһЦŵ˵ͷ
ܿ˰ٴ˳ϡȻЦŶӽЩӵֻܾӲСĽȥƨҷһ¡˶Цˡ
ӽ룬ʰʲôط˳·ô
ӣھʦϽǣеԶ˳·
ˣеԾѹְ֮ǰһֱûгԭǸ
鷳ȥլӰɣҾͲȥˣȥ˾ͳɣʲôҪõģͷȥ򡣡
ôڳð΢΢ĺ£ȴģš¡
ת˵λԺǵĸһжҪģô
¹˰ٴҲװݡ
²ٶԣ¥ӽԼûڶż棬ȻĿͰݳĸȥ
ȵݳԶԼ׼ʱ򣬲ŷֻ֮ǰǸͨҪ
ʱǲ㰡
˵ǣպƥԸº͵˰ٴǿн˳ӽ
ǣӽڹ˰ٴָ֮£ѧҪ죬ֻҪǿٱܣҲȥһˣȥ
·ϵ˲࣬ɵֿԻӰ
ӽΪǵһȫעģûôעܵľ
ھʦȡ˽ϣżܿ˳츮۵ӰûйھǴģݵˡ
ȵ쵽ʱӽѾеϰˣͷ˲־۲·羰
ʱѾ˾ʦƶˡȻֵǱȽϿȻֹۣڽֽǿһһѵʲôĶСҺǶ죬ûʲôóϣ˵Ҫʲô״
ЩӽҲĩߣе˵ġҪıĶʵ̫ˡ£ҸʵĻʵ˵˵顣
Ȼǰмǣӣƽ峵òϯţϯܸסȫӽʱӽֲϯ¶˺ö˵Ľš
ʶ˵ȻԼµ࣬ȷ£ᵽ˵ڶӵǰ棬ѳ
ǣӵˣʣϵĶ˵񣿡
ǣӵ̧ͷ̾Ϣһ⻹ʵô
ƿϯô
ǲҪ˰ɣΪ󣬺ôһϰɡ
ÿѵʲôĻӽѵʲô˵£ǿ
ٴ̾˿ҡҡͷҪͿɣ
˰ٴ΢Ѹڳϵһϯ˿
ӽһסˣϵʬ֮ˡԾǣЩʬȫû¿ģڳ
̣ӽŭˣЩ˵·ҪǣǮģſھҪŭ⡣
˿ӽķӦȿˣ͸һɵΣΪǰЩ˵ѣ˲ô
ѵô
֪ҲǺĳˣҸɣʱ⳵ϵ˶Ƕģ˻ࡣҪǹһ͹ĻܿʬĳڵļЩ˾ͶǶˣԴʱֻҪһǱϵ˾ͻ·ȥҹﱻȱ£ӿˡ
ӽһˣʵӽֺ˵̬⼸ӦȫһֻҪе˶Ӧܿó
ӽǸȻʵҪȥô
캮ضģô࣬񲻹ģֻȥˡ
ӽĬȻÿ˵
һһĴǰи˵̾ϢЩǿ˰ǰЩ˵ڼ˵Цһת۾³ˣҪǸԬץҲûˣ


51 Ӫ
ӽӺƽûۿôʬ壬͵пӾЧȫһεģǲܣǸ˵ĸ̾һθܵԬԺǰжټͥΪ˼
ĬĬǣǰߣǶߵһ𾴰ɣԸͶһƽ
ҪııһУôסݣʳһһҪ
ӽţܿ͵ؽ磬Ǳָ˾ıţɢʦΧڡ
ʱӽѾܿӪˣӪеİҡ
󲿷¶켷һţΧһЩȡůѲǲյģú̿һǼƾɷķڣԴ쵽ȺֻǽҲȫˡϾǴ˵еСʱڣ¶ȵ͵ˣʱֻһǽҲܵһ·磬΢ܺõ㡣
Ȼܶ࣬ȴӣֻһЩѲ߱غȳСӤ϶ĿЩ죬˵ĵһоһ޴ĺܵ񳡵ء
ӽųص˹ȥŵıסǸʲôģû²ҪȥˡûʲôÿġҪ˵Ļ߹գһŷǮҲˡ
ӽû˿뷢Ƣ뷨ָ˹˰ٴԼǸ˵ŷȥ
˰ٴӽһ˹ȥǸ˶ƣȻʾƥǿܣʹ׷ӽĺ滤š
ӽܿߵŷǰˣ˹ĽŲ̧ͷ˹ֲѲıʱ׷׳԰
ү˰ɣܸɻ󡣡
үǰãԵ٣ɻڿ졣
үǰǸľգ˰ɡ
үҪǮֻһڷԡ

һӽܿ˵ʲôˣֻÿ˵¶飬ڲͣĿš
ӽĺȻۣĳ档Լڵ̯Լ׬ǮΪȥɣ¶²˼ЩˣֻΪܻܼԼ˭úõĹӣⶼƵİ
ͬʱҲΪʲôĳǹиϲСȻûЩܹҲư
̫ˣӽ߽ȥͻתһȥЩ˼ӽˣʧٳ󣬵мĵڼԼͣĽҪӽܻͷ
ڶ͵һһӱȽǿ׳յˡ
ĸݿʼһЩƯŮˣʱļǮǸ˵Ҫ˼ˡ
ӽˣƹЩӣЩ¶켷ѵĵط
˰ٴҲںĬĬĸţû
¶ͷĲһӽ߹ȥû˿ӦһļһöӸΨһķӦӸӽ߶ת
ԿóЩ˺ܶԼͥΪλŵġ٣Ů˺СǺܶࡣ
Ȧеú̿ҲǺܶ࣬ṩҲޡڰ컹ãҪǵϣܶܶˡ
ӽһƱȽ˹ĵ߶Ǹ߿ӻӦǸϱԱţϱﱧһСк˯š
˼ңǵˣ
˻û˵˵ˣгԵô
ԵĶӽĶϲûдӽеΣ룬̽һӳ˹ȥ
ûԵģӣԼȥԵİɡ
ӽںЩϵؤҲԼΧڸǵǮֱ֪Щרҵؤûٸ
ЩܿˣӽԼԺȣȻϧһӡ
Ǹһ˹ȥ
ΧЩһҲҪӵҪӡ
˰ٴһԣᵽӽǰ棬еĵһ룬ݺݵ˵˭ҶСĵӲۡ
Щ˿λεĵ棬ĲʵԭءϻţкãҲܾûԵˣֶֶٸɡ
죬ǹӵ£˭Ҫ룬ϵ㣬ӿɲϵ㡣
ӽģôˣҲΪ
ȵ󣬹˰ٴ˵ӽ
Ǹ˻ΣסǶӣͻȻӾûˡ
ϱҲˣźתȻ͵ڳһֱֻסϱһĿڶıһţ׳ӿˮоˣܻˣ
ܱߵĬĬĿӣﲻ֪Ƕ˵ļʻף
СҲˣĵһ仰ǣĸףҶ
ĸû˵źӣҲӣ䵽˺ӵϡ
ʱӽŷЩʵиģľ
˴ӶӵĻӽͷӶϱˣҲҪźһͷ
ӽ˸Լ򣬸ϽסˣġǷסˣӶϱ¹ĸӽͷ
ȿˣӻ֮ȫҲԸΪţԱ
ƼǶӵģһʮҵĹôһǮ־ʩˡ֪λӣﲻȱǮĵֺãԼһУġ
ӽ˵áҪͣǱ߷ղ⶧ӣö׳Ůˡ
ӽˣӻе죬ӣ´ݼҵӦҲûжģôȥū͡룬ҲҵԷԡ
˵£ӽҲԼѾߣ϶ҲҪ͵˵ģҲʹӦˡ
һӽӦˣǸˣԶӽǰʻӣЩˣиˣӴ󣬾ʦˡʦ֮󣬺˾Ҳˡ
Ҳеܱ̾ߣȻ˵ǰȥѾкܶ˳ǶȥˡЩµģھʦܱߣŰصĵطѾһˣȥǶֻܴųܰ͢ǣ졣
ǳ͢ôõأ


52 
ôãȦϡĲϡ࣬̿Ҳôһ㣬˶ѡҪʱ򣬳Ļͻȥ㹤˵׬Ǯܹ뿪磬֪أ
ӽ˲һﻹʣ¶˰
УԼʲôҪó͢СܶȵͶȵ㣬ĺΰ
뵽ӽվŹ˰ٴ˰һҴȥҸϰ¡ȻȥͰͷ
ӽôһ˵ͺһһվûϾߣҪӽǶӡ˵ȻΧЩһӣɹʳǣһߡ֮ģ൱Ϊʳӷңλڴ˵Ⱥһ֮ڣˡ
˵꣬һŴϼˣӽȥ
ӽûԶ˵һڶɵİٸн˳֮ģô󲿷ֺ˺հ
һ˸ӽǣĽԶȥ
ӪſڣǱָ˾֮ǱߵıͷĿʱͷĿӭǰˣҲ
ӽΪʳú֮̿٣
ͷĿҲӽ˵ͷҵشӣСҲ֪ͷͷôණʱʱû˸Ŀ˿۵ġ
ӽ׼֪ҲʲʲôͲˣֱҪƥǰŶȥ
Щеһù˰ٴԸȥӣ˵һˣֶȥ
ϣ˵ĶӼΧûˣͿڵ
֪ɶĿɹЩǣ˰ٱӶ˵ǽ֮Ƕڿຣ֮УʱȥģƵ£Żкñô
ӺǺ᲻ʮֽڿ֪ͼǱݡҲת˹ӵһƬģ湫ӲʩǻмӣһˣڹͷҲиӡ㶮ô
˵Ķӵͷ׵һˡôһáǼһϣһ
ȰٺˣȥɹЩʳ͹ȥǵô
ǣĵ˵ͷ
˵ӽһţ뿪ƶֵֿ֮ϵľ¥˵УԺҲܲʱ뵽Լ緹һ䲻ǺʵʫȻԺž·жǡ
ɵð̾ӲãҲͲ˵ֻͷ·ˡ
˶֮󣬲ŷְǻûѾĻղŰùȥһҲȥ˰áʱûźãˡ
Ȼ岻ͽȥϽǣʵۡ룬תȥжڲڡ
жҲѾعȥˣֻֻתȰ塣
Ȳǰ취ӽ˼һᣬʮӸ˰ٴȥ滻壬Ǯ棬˵һ˺֮ǰﶼźãȻ˰ٴٻͰ
˰ٴڶţӽӦûʲôΣգ˵ڣѰ˸ģҲͷĵȥˡ
ӽŵ˵򣬰Լֶ֪ζһ飬ЩӦ÷ķһһ
ûã˻ԭ͹˰ٴ·ӽָʾ󣬰ͻ˹˰ٴȸϻ˰ٴͼݳ㰢淵ȥһȥˡ
ӽƫȻͻضȥˡ
ƫӽðȥж˵мϣ¡
ܿ죬жԹگӽĻ
ΪӽȥӦĲΣԾͻǴǰȥˡ
Ļֳ˳ʵ֮⣬ڸԼùٶڡ
йǺӽֱʵӪ
ʵһһЩûϸı֪ҲֻΪһЩھʦֶܱѡ
û뵽˶ˣ֮ÿ컹ôˡ
ûȳʵ۷ŭվ˳£ʵΪ͢ΪΪǣδϸ֪
Ϊһ޼Ļ̿գǱϣʵѹԼĳ嶯üͷʵ
£գֵԤѿ˶ˡ²ŰʦʵòصĲ䣬սϡ٣̿ӴʳԹӦ֮áε໹ǴӾ漷ġ
ʵˣĬȻǮûǮɸΪ֮Ҳֲñˡ
ʦ
ڡ
㶼˰ɣ²ŰƼķǮʹѡսþʦҪܶ㴦뾡̭ǿǲ̭ủѹջ˽²ʦƽ
ڴһ˿Σ
Щֻ֪ļҪǣǾͲ֪֪͢޵Ȳ𰡣
Ȳң˶һԡ
ӽʵôһ˵ˡЩгʵ۵һ˵ɽսʱ򣬾Ϊʵ۲ּߺг룬ŵ±ܣӶʧһ֧ӡ
ڲǳ꣬ɽսʱǳʮֻ꣬ڸѡЩҪҲԽʵ۵ѴӦòд˰ɡ
λʲôð취Щ޵񣿡ʵ۳Ĭ˻ᣬȻʵµĳӵ
£Ϊ֮ƣֻаǲɢܱߵܺһЩ󳼳ɻ
ɣ£ܱߵ⽨²ŰԹԳˣЩճǲ·Ҳȥ򡣡ʳ෴ԡ
ɻתʣкζԲԽʥ֮ǣ


53 йӦ
Ϸ룬û֮ǰһҳ⣬ˣ
㡭ɻһûô硣
ŷ״ãע⣬£øؼ
ڷԣ²뿪ʦھ֮أȥδ½²ɱǹݷ²֡ңǰѵһʱΣ˺ѱ⣬˵ʳ
ӽһֱڱϿţ뿴ЩλӸλĴʲôð취ȥ˲٣סǣҲ£Ҳһߣ򵥿С
˼·֮˲в˵Уʲô߿С
Ļһ¾ӽ˶Ŀ⼯еԼϣҲӳϾⳡѾˡ
ӽʵ˵£µѾʳ֮̿ʲ㣬İɣ
ʵ۵ͷûгΪԶ׼ġ
ղŴӪǱ߻;پ¥ݶпҵԺ֮˲٣ɴ˿Ʋڸԣ֮˼ҲȱٳԺöȣֻǾʦڵʷֲɳԵóԱö
е˵˼ѵǽ鳯͢ٸƶ
ʵ͢Ҳǲô෴͢ǰҲйΪȱǮɳ˸̵ļȼǾʦǸ̵ı󲻶и߹ѫվŵģеĸֻһ裬ʵʾǾʦ߹ѫĲҵ˲ʥϵĳţҵﾩʦĹԱѫ
ӽͲ֪ڵĺܶˣڶѾ˺öСžˣԼķԣô£Գ͢壬ӹе꣬ͻ̿Ӧ̻Ƽȱʣɳ͢ͳһеɻǰ֮֡
ӽһ˵꣬һƬȻĻⲻ˵һҸֵ⣬ǳʦи̵ļˣҪȫʦ̱ĹԱѫΪ˰ǹΪʥϣҲǲҰɣ
ΪԼӹģûӽԼĵӻ󣬸ʦйԱѫսڴ󲿷˹ƾҪȺ֮˰ɡ
ȴһã³ǻӽô൨ģ˼Լǰ;һΪ͢ǵĹԱˡֻеϧӽԼ£ֱӾǰѴ˳ûøԲķʽӣԼľˡ
ʵӽⷨӣܽǰѴҲ򵥣ʵҲףֻҪͷԣ֪Ӹʵֲ˵ġҪЩӸ˽СΪģҲͲ䵽һˡ
Ȼûȳʵۿڱ̬ͬͬվŵĳɻˣ£˲԰ػģݳ͢ڲ塣Ҫоȼ֮ǽ²ļϸ
ɻĻһڣڶʱ˴ͷȿˣϡԾͷԺˣôôñӰ
е˶ʵۣô
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ûȳɻڣʳˣųɻѵҳԣɲҽҪСϷһ
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ʵ۴վָվϵĽУξϽȥѴܵ˷ֿ
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ʵһۿɻҪ࣬æ˻֣Ȼӽ˵˷ȷв֮ݲСʦǷӣ
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ʵ΢΢ףӡеʦ֮ǰǸ⣬΢µ˶֪еġҪֻ鳭һ̵Ļ˵Уȫʦһ˾ͺˣûй顣


54 
£ķȺȺһ𣬹ͬȹ˶ʱڡ

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֮˭գôȷ֮ܵʳӽ
ʵۺϲĿǳӽе©Ա˷ƣһЩһֻᷴԣ
ӽϴʵʣ΢΢˵ͷʾ˽⣺г֯͢ר˽ܣĿҪ͸ڹһһҪʹ֪֮ԼľȥⲿŵٶԴ˽ܾ֯мල
ӽ˷ֻó͢ǣͷðճΪڳЩˣûʲôͻһӣ֮Ȼû˷ˡ
ˣӽĻһ䣬ûһ˳Ļһְ
ʵһиȺܽܵİ취ˣҲϲ棬ʵλɻв䣿
һᣬǹܱµڳˣ˲ù֮£дЩ֮˸ΰã
룬ôҳˣʦôԱѫÿ켸ţܼ֮£Ӧûѹɣ£Ϊأ
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ʵһ£͢ѣðճ֣˭Ҫڴڼݳ޶ȣ޾ģ
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һᣬʳ£ۣƽﲢýɸ˰Ҳ֮ˡ
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£֮£ޣ¸ʵ˼ܲһӰɡ
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ӽʵ۵ԼҲûʲôԼģȻԼǣͷˡ
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жվڱϿȺĳӿķԳ޵ðҧгݡ
ӽһͽ³ɽС
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ϣɫҲˣʵ׼ݻᣬȺҲ׼ؼҡ
ӽһƣһ¼ˣҵȵȡ
ʵۺȺһӽ֪ʲô顣
£ҪȥʵҪ죬ҪгЧٻмʱ䡣ܵȵģӪȲðûһһʬȥ𻯡һʱ䣬ҪһЩģӽ˵˵ţǰͳƽ峵ϵŵʬ壬ɵ˵һ㱯
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Щˣʦߡ
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55 ׻
ȵڵĴ󳼶˳ȥ֮ӽԳʵ۵£˵˵
Ļھֻˣ֪ӽļ֮һӽ˵ʽһ㶼֡
ʵ۰հֵʦȵȵȣȰѲϳ̲ݻ
ӽһе죬óʵ۷ֵأˣҺñ°ӣʱ̼ǵá
ʵЦЦʦѣǻ֪޵ھʦǻһߡ
˵󣬲ٸӽף̰Լ׼ķıԱܾ档
Ҳûģǳ϶˼ӽһ£Ҳͷӹ˵ɫȥ֣ôд档
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ȵȣȵȡ
Լ˼·дţûӽһ߽ˡ
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ʵǵĶԻҲľ֣ƹ쿴дĲʲô顣
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ʵۻûϸĸ˵Щˣţ˵ͭǮʵأ


56 ֽ
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ʵĵͷЩ鿴С԰յӰȴ
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¿ǵóʱЯһǮǮûͭ壬ֽҺп
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֮ԷкȻûгΪгϵңΪзʽĴ󡣡
ӽϿݣ˵ıӡֱӸ󳼣ӵİɣжһǲģ
Ǻܿ϶µĺá
ǵġŸ˴𸴡
ĻӦֵôˣĳɱʵҲû٣ϰջ˻ȥףͺֽͨûʲôˡӺͭǮȴһ㲻ףļֵڵģ֮ͭġǲǣ
׻ͨ׶˭Ҳܷϣʵۺʶס
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Щֵĵʻףʵ۾ͲǺˣݣ˵ʵŴûרŵоҵľƺ͹ɣһĻʵ۶ô⣬ȫҪǮ˾ӡ
ôôñ´ֽΪأҾǸʱ򡣡
˲Ժν⣿
ѾкܶûôӡˣôʷͻܶࡣǿԷּߡ
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ˣɴˣƤˣⷢһֽңûһʷӽŷ⽨ỹкôģƤˣҲûʲô顣
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һټȫõĹȽӡˢõֽרֽӡˢֽңžαֽҵĿԡ
ֽҵһȱα죬㣬˶мʶġǰĴֱӾдαն沶ʮԸ˲ƲαĴνء
һûκ⣬ʵۺʶ⡣
ڶ׼ƶȡ
ˣʵʵΪ׼𣿡
Ƿжֽңʹʵȷ͢ҪӡһǧֽңҪһǧĴ
ΪΣ
Ϊ˽ֽҵϵ͢һǧֽҳȥյֽұֵֵôǮôû⣬տǸֽʵڵĿģðղõеֽһֵ
ʦĻ͢кκôȥֽжӦֱӷ
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Ȼܻ͢Ҫĺô
ʲôʵһ͢иĺôӶһˣϽʵ


57 
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ʵۺʵͷ϶һʺţôܣ
ӽ˽һ֪֪ʶȻ˵͢ӡӡֽҾͿԵġһϵеĶһòЧ
ʵӽִڵΪʲôҿŽҵ±ʱƿءֽûаëǮĹϵֻֽеһ﷽ʽѡ
ʦ뽲ϸЩЩסʵۺʵҪӽ
һһɡӽģһרҵ˵
׼ƶȡϰֽȥˣúܷ㣬ֱֵͶʹáǰڵʱ򣬳ֻ͢ӡһǧֽҶѣϰղðô죿
ʳסû˵ֻǿӽʵ۱Ͼᣬӽ˵ô죿
ǰѼųֽ͢͢ҡֽҿʹˡ
ǺôأʾͶ⡣
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ΪΣϸѾоʵûԶٶš
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Ϊʮʵû׼ģֱ͢Ӿóȥˣһοû⣬ȻһΣΣΣ֮أµĽ϶ֻһ֣ϰеֽԽԽ࣬պֽұֵһ׼𲻹һξ棬ͻʧ
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ŶʦʵһĿʴתӽϡ
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ӽǵӣ˸ףֽ͵˰յֽңԻ֣ծȯе⣬ծȯϢҲհֽóծȯԭծȯһޣޣ͢ҪջͬʱİԱϢ
ʦǻǸֽô
ؼޣ곯͢Ϊӡ˶ʮֽҶֽұֵô͢ծȯѶʮֽҸջʱӡʮֽңٰѰչʮֽҸȥֽҾͲֵˡ
ʵﻹ漰÷չ֮⣬Ҫȫϸϸ˵ӽҲû£˹Ҳ⣬Թ˵
˵˼άǺܿģʵϾһʦǻ׼׶ΣҲô
ӽû뵽һ㶣Ȼһϸ룬޵
Ȼֲ££ǿԣûֽҵȲС
ʵۺʶͷΪһ֮Եʣӽǰ˵Ǿ仰һֱ
ӽ˵ˣˣʦ֮ǰ˵סֽҽҵĲӣ˺⣬δ˵ɣ


58 ս
ӽһе㲻˼ϰԵͷסˣ£˵ء
ȸԼ£Ȼ˵£룬Ǵȫֽ֮ţֽҺܽıֵĹҺʹʱʹǮʹֽңǻѡĸ
ȻֽҲֵǰᣬôȽֽҺǮȱ㣬ѡȻһˡʵۺʶѡ
ãΧҺʹİôֽнʱ򣬺ôˡ
ʵۺһһϸߡ
ͱĹʱԽԭΪ͢ٷеֽҡΪʲôأҪӰֽҺͱĹһҵĶһϵ
ӽ˵ִ˸ȷλ磬˵ʺˡԭֽҺͳʵĻҶһһһĹϵڴֽΪˣȻֵǮˣôֵֽǮˣʻҲ䣬һϵͿܻһȶĹϵ
ȷʵۺʶˣͷ
һֽʮڳǰҪʮ򵽵Ķ׬ôУǴȷˡ˲Σԭʮʻһõġڳ˳ʮʻһãҴʮʻҸǸ˲Ρ˲Ȼ͹ǰɡ˶ǮˡʵϣһΪֽҵĻʵʮĴֽҡǰ㡣
־ۣڴʱĴ˵ǵһʵۺʶöĿһ¡ʵۻʣǵ˶ѡ
ӽЦˣ֪ʱ˻ûǸλ͵ǸΪ򲻵˲ζȥ߼ӹƷǮ׬ǮҪ˲ΣͱҪ߼Ǯʹᡣξǵĳɱ˱ȻҪԭĹ͹ҲҪͣ˺͹͹ͶûǮûǮûԣûԾҪ֣Ҫҡǧǧ˶壬ǲǳҶҪˣ
û뵽ôһֽҶܸһңʵۺʶһۺ񲻿ܣȴȻᷢһ顣
ӽ˵Ĺ񫣬˵෴ҲǿԵģҪմɣ˿ʣҲԼմɣ˿񡣼ٶļ۸һô͢Ͷ෢еֽңֽҺͳʻҵıֵΪֵԭᷢ仯ԭһһڱΪһȶôʻҸֵǮˣԼմɣ˿Ǹ۸񣬵մɣ˿񣬾ͿԶһˡʵİȻͻմɣ˿񡣶ʵմɣ˿Ϊûѻǿֻһ
ֽҵһ˳ʵۺʡ
ϾʵΪһ֮صһ룬ˣʦʽֹʹ׵ĻֽҵԲˣ
ӽޣȻʥȵԷİ֮ʱǴѾ׬ǲǮԷҲضҡʱǴ׬ǮװӣɾȥȶԷ׾ͳˡ
ӽ˵ʱоͳѻƬսĸ֣Ȼ𣬵˼ʵǲġڣҪѻƬսҲǴȥ˵ģČ˿ȥһ촩Խȥٸıʷˡ
ӽ˵ǳԶԷˡһղֶһʵֵĻˡʵ뵽¶Цݡ
ʴʱȴͷһֱӽ˵һݣ𺳣ǳ𺳡Ĳӽ˵ЩǴ
ӽųʵЦݣҲܸˣһõĳɾ͸СȻȳѳʵ۵£ǰǹģ·۵ġкܶϸϵĶҲǺ⣬Ҫĥʵ
ȻӽѣʵۻǺ⣬ĳ˱ӽ˵ջʲôֻ˵ôô˵ֻẦ˺
ʵϵĶӽ˵ʦԼǣ򲻴ĵ£Ҫʦϸдһú¡ţʹ׻ˡʵڴ׻
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£˲иˣȥϸϸ˼ǣԾౡ֮ʵ۵
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ǸǶȥ
ʵ۵˺ӽʦɳԱ񣿡
Աˣ´˵ʱ򣬳͵͵Աˡ
ʵۼӽ˵ȤǺǵЦˣȻ˳ʣš
ʰһк󣬳ʵ۸̾öӽ˵ʦ͸޵һﰡÿ֮ʱܰﵽޡÿʦۣ޶ܶһݼʶԭЩĳһǷ˺ڼĲʦĹͣԶǵġ
ʵôһ䣬ӽһ²˼ˣôӦõġ
˵ӽּ˾䣺һҪ½ղ۹
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ʱıǣѾȫҹˡھʦϽǣؽ磬ĵģżк̿£ܵȥһĶѳһȦ˭Ҳ֪Щ˻ᱻƽ峵ߡ
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ȴûһ㷴ӦŬͺԼš
ȻǸıһ𣬲ãǴ߲ѵǽ²ˣ


59 
׼ʱΪԽԽֱԾʦ棬һĲŷ̧ͷķ򿴹ȥ
ͬʱҲѾˣ߹һԴڷ
һйԶķݶ¶أԽԽ࣬ԽԽʱ򣬾ܹƳһлѵĹѷӳĺġ
ܿģչ˵ŵķӣڱֱĴϡ
ʱˣŻѵۣͬǱָ˾ģԼֵܣԶҲֳܷ
б֮һĴ󳵣Ŷˡ
ıеֺ֣ڵĹ£ôҪ˻ϹԭҲ˸ͷĿ
ڶ齫ؽ֮ʱǰͷһ˴뿪˶飬Ӫſڡ
ôĶھͷĿܳһͷǱɣɺָ˾һָӡ
ôˡͷĿҲú֣ҵϽ
ɶϣûͷĿֱӶɱѰոɼ飬ֹƬ̺ܵɧҡ
Ȼеȼ̫ҲԭͷĿԹԵȥˡ
񻹺ã¶񿴵߶ܴ󣬾Ϳʼעˡ
Ȼּıȫװģʼ嵽мǷֳһһģ￪ʼ̿Ҫ
Ҳܹô룬¶ûȴͻȻǷֿ飬˶δ֪һֿ־С
ڶˣܡҲҴ󶯣ֻתתӣͨߵˡ
ܿ죬ǾͰӪ˼顣
ıӪſжӣվڼλĺ档Ļѣ˵Ŀ⡣
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ȵеӪأؿʼˣϴ޵ģйЦģҲģһ췢ġȻϢɣ룬οġ
Ӫأ۳һһϣ꣬꣬꣡
һᣬһһ˿ʼܱߵˣҲһף˲꣡
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ж֪ʵӦòԼ֪²ҵ飬˳ȥ
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֮ǰгĻ¾Ͳ᲻֪˰ɡеĳΪ˱ºã߱¡Ƿ񰲾ҵն㵽ϵġ
֮ǰгĻʦǽĸܰܲȽ²ڻŻᱻ֣ҲͿá
УɶʵʾΣؾʵΣΣԱΣҲԱ¾Ͷһ˽Ϣڱĳ佫ˡ
仰˵ǱµĶĿĳ佫ͷϵһѽʹǲ̫ĿŵĺΪҲ̫ܡ
ʵ̾˿ϵؿӽʦ֪ԺһްãѴղ۹㣬޴۾ܹܸܵ
ӽǺһЦ
Ҳ֪ĺô㲻֪°
ʲôӽգ۾Ŀųʵۣ׳ʵ˵⻰ʲô˼
Ҳûӽʣʵ۽͵ʦ֪ܲ޻ʱһŮк÷һ̷ޣҲ֣ΪģΪ˵˾κ͵ĻڶգʧˣҲû֪ǳ͵ĻˡʦҪ֪ʱֻߵġ޻̿˺ܳһʱ䡣
ʵ۶˶٣˵⻹˽㳧ԭ򡣡
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֪Ϊʵûãֺϲ£ñʵˡ
֪Ϊʲôûôʵ͸һ˿ŭһ˿־壬ӽ


60 ͻ
ʵ۵ܲһֱûܸ˵еĻšһʵڣͱˣΪ˳˻ʵۣڹڷƸ꣬û־ã
ʵôһ˵ӽ˵ӡ
ˣӹ˼иαװɻãӶﵽ۶ɽĿģʵһԵİѳĿ־ͷŭ˳
У޳빬ȵǴ󱦵ʱΣķһߣûɩѣûгԹʳԼ͵͵ı
ʦ˵޻ٰѳųôʵ۾Ͷӽʵ
ӽͷһᣬȻ̧ͷ̹ȻĿųʵ۵£ܲΪһγԷǺ˾ͲٳԷ˰ɣ
ʵ۱ΪӽԼһ֮󣬻ͬԼûӽȴ˵Լʷʳɵһ
£ղ˵Ҫ⣬˵öԲԣӽϿҵ˵
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ڶ˳ˣȨƼ󣬺ܻܿӰ쵽Ȩǲǣִûֽڹη壬ӽԸԼʵ۵Ĺϵ˵˵ú޹˼ɡ
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ӽʵ۵黺֪Լ˵ĻЧͼ˵£˵ˡ˵ʵκͰɡ
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£ϵԭ򣬳м㽨顣ӽ˵꿴ųʵۡ
ʵ۵ͷʦлֱԡ
һͽͬһͳܣ֪һְܾǼලһжĵλͱȽָʹˣƽ⡣ҪͽָʹҪأֱֱڱ¡ӽϿϣ֪Ϊʵ۸Ż¹٣жĵλȽߵ
ڶͽָʹҪһ꣬ʮꡣԷֹרȨβγָʹûйϵ֪еĻʵҲָʹǻγ̶Ƚ͵ʱ߻ȨܵвʱŻô˵Լ޾ͻԻϻǶԶָʹˣкôΪԱɣҲȨĲ
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ʵһ˾ĴĻ顣
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ҹʵڰź飬ȥЪϢˡ
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ܻʺӣڳʵ۵Ļе棬̧ͷųʵ۵£ʲôϲ£檸оµǰá
ʵڻ谵ЦЦʦ޳˺ü÷ӣϵѹ˲١
ܻʺˣ£˵檾ñԴʦ֮Цݶǰˣ檿Ҳϲĺܡ
Ŷʵܻʺôһ˵Լһ룬ôһ¡ɸ̾ǰʦ޳˺ܶ⣬ҲԺ޵ķܶĿꡣԶػʺأ
Զػʺ䣿ܻʺԺһ£ԼķĻôô


61 
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ǰõĲʱǷ׷
׵λ˵ѵģ
ұϷԸģпܼ٣
ʣеŵĵôͿʼˣǰĹٸ
񶡽͵ʥӣȻǰĲһˣ

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ܿ죬ְܴ򹤵ȥŶӣģյģԳС
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ϣӪĵǼǾͿʼˣԱæµļᣬջϸڡ
ӪĸˣǸǼǮİˮǸǼ
ڵʱ仹磬˵ʦİգԺʷûеĹԱֻΪлĽԲòϹӪĹ
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ʱʱĹιһ£ȻѾ¶ͷȴоһ˿ů⡣
ʱĵţʷɱˣûһչ
أӪſڸǼǵĸԱסˣ׷վתתŴֵľͷֹţôһûеҪ˵Ҳǣִǹٸ£ȴþʦİ顣ٲ֪ûһء
ϣ쵽ˣûһ˹ǮģǼù˶ûһ
ӪҲʱİĿŴźܹ֡ʱĵȴһֱʧţǵԽԽϡ
ʱ򣬰ûжҪǣ䣬һ㶼˯
ӽʱ򣬰ǲ½𴲣ĲҲһЩŵˡ
洦ҲԽԽ֣óǽµҪΪˡ
һͨϰգȻʶ֣ڱʱװףȴΪ⼸¾ʦһһۣԼԹǻ̸ȼñأ
һˣ棬Ÿ࣬һǼﲻȱǮģҲʶ֣Ҳ۵֡ȴ۳͢Ĳô˴׻ǲǳ͢ûˣд׻Цأ̵أСѵȥȾˡ
ʱûƬҲû¼ûоѣûľƾ֣ЩܸͬܣᵽЩ˵Ĵж౯
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ȻиһۣмӾʳɵġסһȻſȥ
ȿȥķȷʵ󣬻ͷͬ˵ɵӣ˾ȥˡ
ԼǮ࣬ȥﳯ͢ˣЩе㲻ţ׷ӵڿ֡
Ȼһƽ峵һһЩƾɵ鲼·һЩ̿һֲµͷһƽ峵һЩһֲͬµСѺš
ҲǸϵļҶԼûó԰ɣ뵱ˡһĵŽۡ
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ʱҲ֪һȺǣͷ·
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ˣȻתͷһࣺôģҪ両꣬£ЩȻͻˮɣ˵ҲǻģӼʶţоȼ֮Ҫúѧŵ㡣
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ǱߵںӹյӪſڵĴϺ󣬾;ӪĶӡеȫһɶˣ
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ߵӪſڵʱںҲף˲֮ô˶ʹӪɵӿһĸжԺӵļͲûаԼݽ͡


62 
ʷʱѴӷǰϺҲеܹתͰѸյõʮҲǿͷ˵˵ѡˣǻûô
ܿģʷļල£ǼʡںȥߵЩ˵£˲Ķ͵ӪͲǸˣҲҲˣȥƽ峵ˡ
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󣬶϶˼Ƿ˸̫̫֮ŷ˵ģԱҲļ
˵һ﹫ӸǣԵþ㷹Լӭ¥
ʱĽ𴲣Ҳڴɨ˾ڴ˲裬졣
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ܿģС´˵Ц
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ĽǴŲ˺¶˵ʾҪԼĻȥǵ˼ôҪҪԼһȥ
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ӭ¥𱣬Ǹ긾Ůһһܾˣʱȴһ˿ɻ߽¶ķ䣬ģʲôء
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ǰһǣһ֣šǰ棬λãһĹ̶ţһָùġӵ棬ųͷһӭ¥ʦŵ
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ܿھʦ𱶼Ǳˣһӭ¥ƣʱ⡣Ҳ󣬷׷Ӧж
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ԭίģҲҪģȻҲģģһ㡣
ҲӰ쵽һЩȽϸԣ˼ҹ۵ת䣬ܱܲȷ糾ŮӻɣҲ׼㶫
ľʦһ
ԱŵǼǲ޼ļ֣е̾ҲеΡ
ǳ͢ùܵ£ϰϰջôⲻһ˼ˡô㶫
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һʱ֮䣬ԱӪ񣬻ʷˣ׷ķ򿴹ȥʲôˣ
ܿģǰʱѾγ˺ƺƵһ֧ӣﶼС
Ӫߵ˸òǵ⣬ΪȫдǺˡ
ʷ˾ˣȴ֮ˡ
ȴ뷨ҪʱʱְһѵģʲôݣǸмġй˲ʹšˮ֮ӿȪ౨˼ôѵλ仰һҪʲôݲҪж
ܿ죬ôĶշųӵĶӵԭίһݱ͵˳ʵ۵İͷ


63 
ʵĻ£º󣬾þò
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һʱ֮䣬Ƿ׷ײ²ֱӳԣ£ϵǺݣñΪѣɷóһۣΪ·ǣ
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ʵ濴ˣ˵λһ飬˲˵
ӽͰĺ̹ȥʱӽŸϰ࣬ô
ⶫĸӰддĸͿͿȵͰһµʱ򣬶賿һˡ
ȻǳʵУܲȥʹŻʵʩԼҾҪԵ£ȥʵۡ
Ļ󣬷Щ󳼶֣ҲûǣԸȥʵۼ
ʵ˰¸ӽҲˡҿждµʱ򣬼˱ţˣȻм岻ʶ´ɵϵݡ
ӽҲϵݣʵ˵ˣպپʦվֵʦģʦˣҲˣλ˵˵ԼĿɡ
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ҲвĿȳࣺ£Ȳǳδְó͢ʧ档
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ʿȥˣҲ£ΪýЩϾŮӡ˼ΪȴΪǣһЩˣԺͨΪǣȴһëΡ
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Щһûн⣬ҲͲˣ˲ʲô˵
ӽһߵǰһжĩķšҪУһǮһжԸΪĿַ꣬ȥҪǲҲᶪлĴͳ¡
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ܴķûϳӦ͢ٶˡʵ۵ͷ˽ۣҲΪǼ޵񣬲Ϊڼ֮¼Գͷ
ʵ˵Щʱ۾ɨŸղ˵Ҫϳ͵ЩˣЩ﷢ë
ʵۿһȦֿӽϣʦ͢ԴиӦ㿴ôõĺã
ӽ룬ʵ۵£ã־ʦ£һ񣬻棬̱ط־棬ʾá²ˣֻҪ֣¼ȥѧϰ֮ת
ʦΪ²ˣ
ǲʳֻû¡ӽ͵
ʱʾͬΪ˷ףѳ͢Ǯƣ
顣Ҳ
֮ǰ˵Ҫϳ͵ЩҪΪöԱ֮¶棬һңʵһֲۣص£ҲͲٷԣĬ˴¡
ʵ˵ô¾ôˣĲ£Ŵ°ɡ
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ʵ£ʲȳ¶Ҫλеһʾ
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ӽȻûˡ
ʱѵɢԷ
ӽѸղŻһֱ¸жҲ׼ȥԷ
ûճţֱʵۺ˻ȥ
ɶ鰡۵緹ûأӽ롣


64 ֮
ӽһصʵ۾ˣʦҵ·Ϊһд̫ˣ޼ǵ˵ʦ²ġ
ʵҪĳӣҪӽ⣬ΪĿǰΪֹֻ׻
ӽһ£֪ȳ˷ٵˣĿĵġ
Ŷʵһеɻ
£ΪһҽҪԵǸ޷Χ֪ͿˡȥûܳʱĶӱĹˡ
˵ӽһЩ©£ֽҵ飬͢ԽԽáֽҵʽú֮ǰĴ𡣶ˣԲοҴЩֽҡЩֽҿܻᱩ¶ԺݣԲò֪˿
ʵ۵ͷʦ˵޻׺ЩؼϸڡʦʲôҪô
ӽ룬ȻУ˵£һᣬ顣
Ǻǣ޾֪ʦжĵСë
£һй飬ƶ³̳ȫƶ֮ڹֵĵطܶ࣬飬Ҫ
ǰĸ飬ʵûǮ֡Ҫܳȳ͢Ȼʾųɡʵĸпӽʦ˵ǣ泯ְ͢в
£ڹַǻе飬ֻҪԺú츣գһʲôʣŶˣʥ۴յʥ֮ϰնмģԴԺ
ʥôһġʵ¶ı飬϶Ķӽ˵Ȼʣʦһʲô飿

ʵۻ֪ģۿǺСġ
磬ֱϽǳǽˣһ㲻ήֻҪĴֱľͳɡ˵¶ҲҪϴġ
ٱ磬ϣ˼磬˵ʲôĶУ˼񣬷׷͢һ㶼Ӹ棬ΣȨĹ۵㣬ҲץץˣԺѣʲô
ʮ꣬Իĺ٣ĺξҲû£ˡ
ӽᵽ飬϶ģʵ۵ʦܷϸϸ˵˵
£˵Ҫָ԰յУķҪиáרŵˣרŵĲ
ŴƷ֮ģҲһɵط߹ԱԱȽϴӰҲǺܹ㡣
⣬ļƶйʷܵġԺƸУܶѲȵȣЩм֮ġһͨǼԹԱطġûһ죬
˵ΣЩԺΪʵһܺõӡӽϲ˴ȷ˵
ʵһʲôó͢Ժѧϰ
ӽ֪ʵۿܻᷴϽ͵£Ϊʲôô˵أΪԭܼ򵥣ԺЧܺãúܶ˶֪Ҫ顣͢Ĳ棬ĳ̶ĵطղţͲ֪ſ˲棬ܶĴԸͬܣ˾ĳ嶯ЧԶûмԺģչۿﵽЧĺá
ʦ˵͢Ժʵе㲻ܽܡ
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ӽ룬ǿӣһЩ̶ݳ磬Ϸķʽհ󣬻ֻòķʽ˽ܣ˽⡣
͢бҪ˵ôʵе޷⡣
£ɶĿѣϸԣ֮صİտɣɶĿԳϷķʽȥϰյͬģǳ͢˰ǲǻðսܣӽʵ
ʵ۲˵ʵ£ʱбֽ˰ɣŶۡ
ǵġʵµͷ
ۡҲõģ԰һЩ˺·洫¡ۡǸ˿ģ֪ݻÿ˵СĻҲᱻ󵼣ӣϷȴֱӱ
ӽ˶˵»ǵóǰ˵ĲôһͿԱãᱻ飬ٵĸڱºͲ֮ϵ
ӽ˵ô࣬ʵȻеҲǺӡڶӽһΣ˵ãǾʦ޻ͷ¡
ӽҲûԼŶӣôˮʵʵôġڼʵ۴ӦˡǻȥԷ
ʱжʵۻ㱨˵£ܹϢ˵мѧʿڣ̭ǿеĲ˳
ʵһôҪһ飬û˳ʵʩе㼱ˣΪˣ
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ʵȼֵģ۽鵽ӽ׼һæжȵȡ
Ȼתӽʦл˵ȵȵȡ


65 
õġӽǳʵ۽ֻùԹԵĻصС
ʦɷǰӪһˣʦʲôܷıߣ⣿
ԭӽƽʱıһֱ˳ʵһӡʲôһӽǱߣзԽԸղſӽʱ뵽⡣
ȥŴӪûȥͦġӽһһ߻صǣ¡
ʵתͷжɼ۱ʦǰӪ
£˲ĿǰֻоλδְλԺǰӪжѳʵ۵
ʵԼǰɡ
ӽڱһϲȨֿܴԲɻ
Ǳʵۣӽжһ˵š
жתͷӽ˵˲ٴۼȥ˲
ӽᵽ£֮ǰõͶж˵ϴεĹ˰ٴҪпյĻһȥӪɡ
жЦЦСӸɻ˲ˡУۼҾ˹
Ŷи¶Ҫ鷳ӽһ顣
˲뽲жӽ¶ࡣ
鷳ɸ˸°棬˵ҳ֪ɶʱõǡӽ˵µʱ΢е㲻˼
жЦЦ˲ͦǹŮ˵ġ±ʾû⡣
ܿ죬˰ٴϵݼӽ˶ͷ֮ˣֱ쵼ϵĺ£ȻϲĽġ϶ӽʾлʲôԸΪЧ͵Ļһӽһȥ
ӽҲܸˣˡǣ˼һּ¹ǰʦĴӪȥ
ӽػѾһˣЩСܶС
ûдװӽ󣬲ʱ·˵Ŀ⡣
ó֮󣬾ͼǶҵĵطչͷ׳ۡ
еýˣŷӪûкдһûк֮⣬ֻҰӪһһ飬һ顣
ûֱ¶ġȾʦõǣĻ̿ӦȽϳ㣬ܿÿӪı϶˲١
ǼˣһֱӪţԱŵļվסǣҲûӡ֮ģװֱӷˡ
һ·ǰڵоʣΪˣӪصøӽеıֻиľƳǹϵ·ʽĶУõģҪ˵п׵ģƤ׵Ķ١ӽ֣棬ϴүСëһЩ
ӽǹŴʿܺͽ²ȥⲫ
ӽоʵʱܿıˡֻǼ׳Сȫףһֳֺӧǹһסĵһ˿վš
վһһСƣоصأС
ּ¹ٶϣͣмѧʿڡȻǰС
Сˣּǳһϲǰоʣһ˻ٷɱڡ
ӽоʣ̾Ǵ󣬰Ƶ÷Ѳʱɡ
ܿ죬ھͳǰǣּ¹ٰͰĴּѳʵ۵˼ں󣬾ƨɻȥˡ
ֹϷͷˣЩƦһ취ûСһëͷСδдӾʲôıߡ
һҲǻ˵ˣʵ۶˲ǳӣʥǰĺˣ˲ԼƼ֮Ȼеӽ϶ûб¶
˲ˣòͣ
˵ǣͶûأͱϸץȥˡ˼ǵԼûгԷˣӽмĻش
һ㶣ԼֻһеĿ׻û뻹ʳûԷģشôɫ͸Թʥϵ˼Ҳֻ˲ô˵ˣ˭ҡ
£ڸϽӽԷ˰ٴεǳԹģӽòˡ
Ȼз˼ªӽǳԵ⣬ĶƤˡ
ڼӽˣ£ӽҲ֣ôôţˣ㲻ñǸʲô⣿ÿһʡ
һӽȲ׳Լ⣺ˣñòô
ǼʶӽʥǰУԶֱ˵Լ⣬Ȼеʵ˼Ҳ֣ο˲ʥΪļ
ϷиϵУвһ˲Ϸıߣܾ˽¡
˵ͷǸֱôҲôƨˣӽе㾪ղĻʵֻҪ΢һ֪ˣŴºˣôһء
ʲôѶ֪ӽȻҿ亣ڣǫ飬Ȼʵˣʲôԭ²ñв
ϰߵ۶³룬ȻϷҪټڽǰΰݼϷᵱ̭˲һˡ
ܿ죬ˡĴо˧ϵλð˰ӣӽˡȻԼ˧˵ȴڽǰΰݡ˰ٴվӽĺ湰š
ӽеڴе㼤ǰڵ￴ĳµʱһһŵĽݵġԼҪУһԼЩΰݡ𣬺ڴ
ӽеǣһϵоʵģȻ״佫һĹ١ǣĹپȻ˹˹ĵ֣һ׳ıδ󺺣¶Ƥȴֺܰ׵һˡ
ֻ׳Ĺǰȭμ
ڶͷ̨һٴ
ӽһʺţ̨˭û˵ĩôһﰡ
׳ĹҲôһ£վӡǸʲôˣѵǶˣΪβķأ
ڻʱ·쿪ʼ½½ĸϹˡ
ÿϹĽ춼ӽеܺ棬Ҳûжʣվ߻˽
ͨϣӽ滹ûվˡ룬ôôľӪֻôཫﲻеɻ


66 ̭
ӽڣڵȣ˿ûпʼͷͰǱŲŲȻСʵˣ˶ô
̧ͷӽеЦŵĴɤŵȺǽү
ӽǺףӦþɭϣͨıϣ룬Ȼʼ£ٵҪôôڵ˼κǡ
ȻֿʼˣҲû˵Ҫӣ̬ȸǰЩࡣ
ֹӵʱ䣬ӣɤӵ鿪ʼ
»С˲ű죬վģ
λһλǱλһ߽ܣһָָӽ
ӽڽԼѧŵϿڣվȭ˹֡
ڵĻڼ·˲ӽ
ʱ򣬹ǺܷģЩͷûеõλʹͣӽĵλ͸ˡ
һЩڽӽԭǼ˲ǣ׷ڵĳм
ӽĵǸĵĹ˭
ϣǸĹٳӽȭ¹٣֪水ʹʹ¬
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˼ҲûɶرĵطΪ¬Ĺ٣ô֣ضԴҲ޿ɺǡ
ȴҼ֮ڵĴɤˣλ̭ǿĲþжеôˣ
Ѳˡ
ڲãɡ
δȫǿˡ

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ӽһе֡ϲ˵̭ǿƻʵеĲ˳ôڵʱҲһЦôȫأⲻǺܺô
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ڶӽͶҲûֻͣǶ˵Ȼɣ²þ
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ӽһüôడⲻǺܳɹô
µЩһҲֻǶҴۡ
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¹ٲʮߺʮ꣬üжӣøӽߣֵܽߣüΨһ֧ߡȻʣǧİˡٰٽʯ߰ٲֻʣ˰һʮˡ
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ҲģʷϣⶼԡӽòҲˣ϶򽻵ġ
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Ҫôǿܳǽ²ѵǴԽŻǹɨô˫ʵĻȾͲ١²ôʧ𣬻ھ֮ҫ
ӽţµĽڻ㱨඼Ǻ֮ǰļһ̭ٵĿԺԲơ
ӽǰཫںˣ϶ʵ
Լоʵ·ϿЩ潫ĻӽľЩ̶ǣԴ潫Ļ㱨ֱ˵λô׼̭ģ
˭ûӽһƬ˵ӽλǰŵģؼⲻûش
ڷˣܱס
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δһױǿ֮δھдĩ˵Ҳ˵ס
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ĩԣɫ˱ǿ
ӽĻһͷĺߡ
ֵ˼˵û˵ûʲô𣬶ȡλ챾˵жϡ
ڶζˣ˧ֱ˵ּ⣬͢٣֧ŴʹáҪô̭ڴһӡ
µĽûһ˵
ɢɢˣȥ̭ڲٿȺ
ƬײȻԶȥ
ȵûˣڶӽ˲ǿˡ
šӽͷ
컹кϢģ¬֪ǱѾ̭ϣϷҲ֪µ䲻һǿǿ׳֮ʿ
ӽһʵΪʲô˲ֱӶ׼̭أ
θ
¬֪һ
ҡҡͷ˲֪ĵһ¬֪ģľ棬ӦǾ޽еġ
Ȼ˶ۣ¬֪̭ڴľʵֲ˵ġ
ӽˣʵΪΣ


67 ү
ڡǺǡһЦȻ󿴿ֻԼˣԼûʲôҪϵģҲûʲôǣӽϸķԭȷʵȽϸӣϷһһ˵
ӽͷϸڵķ
¬֪ǸĹ٣ƽﲢʱ˴ľ׳۶ɵ춼佫ҲƽյĲ¡ǵһͬ
ӽͷʾͬ
ڼ¬֪ô˳Ҫ̱ˡ֮ʱ˵ڽ²ٹʦϰȫˡǻϲҪþ¬֪ȻҲҪǲһ˵ġ죬ĶǾʿڵصӰ첢󡣶ң֮£ǵְڡ˽ʿǲͲ¬֪һ
ӽ²ˣֲ˵򵥵ļپӣֻǻ˵Ĺȥ¬ܲã첻ܡ
̭ǶЩʤ̻Ƕڰ͢ѹкôİ
ղ˵ЩҲʲôرɣ˵ǲ̭ԭ
ӽʵʵĵɺ˵ΪʲôԸ̭ǿ
ڿӽǸʵЦһ£ȻӽãϷҲͲ˵ЩҪԭˡֱ˵ԭɡ
ӽЦȻһ˵ĳ嶯үǶҺ氡ӽҲֻѣɲģеĶ˵˽ҡ
ҪԴͷ˵һѾϷͼؼһ˵ɡ
ӽͷ
Ҫԭǣ¬֪ȱѪðá춼ôɡ
ѵˣ߶ˣôŽص㡣
ֻҪôһԼһ¾׵İӽз̰
ԭʵӽ뵽ģʱ翴Щĩ죬ԿãȱѪԼҶ¡ֻΪھУһûзӦ
ӽüͷôУòǵıԱж١
ҡҡͷҲɵӣ·ϣ֪ץ˶ٰչ档
ӽôһ˵ԼЩʮ֮˾žץİհɡ
ǿй涨һ̭ǿķǸȥӽ˵
θڿе㼱ӽ΢Цʵ
ͺ¬ķһأٲͳͳ̭ӽȵ뷨˵˳һЩٱӦþɸѡȥˡ
ϷԹˣЩȫԡҸ˵дʡ̾СӰûô򵥵ġ
ӽһ㶣Ȼʵʲôɷԣ
Щ˵ٲҲһģпڴ̽飬ҲǻǹǾڷڵģ߿ǻģȵȡ
ҪӪЩ˺ӶܴӮ²ģһˡӽŭˣЩ˿湻Ҫġ
˵ɵǣǿҪǲõˡ
һЦȻӽ˲ô׾ͺˡ𿴾ӪƬϷܹܵıо⼸˶ѡȫЩģǿҵģֻһΪǳϷű档
ôӽʵ
ƼˣǾѧѧ١ڻ治˼˵ϾٵĹɶ°
ӽˣ⵱ڣ治ܱǡҪѧٵĻЦģǽ²ˡ
УһҪһ֧ǿĲЩҲ뾡ĸųɡȥһҪȰʵ۰ѾӪǿУûһжǸơ
ڿӽû˵˵ҲϷھ۽ʱ˵ģȺǽүֻܺǳٵϷҲҾź򰡡
ӽ밲οڼ䣬ָо֪˵á
һ°˰ٴվӽ󣬻࿴Ҳ˵
һᣬӽвʣʵѵûһõİ취ô
ͷŴʵĶ̾˿Ҫݴ˧ͺˡ
ӽһݼ̹⣬ξ֮ϽҲͬǰݽıǿؾ͵ģ˵յʱ򣬴켯жӣеıȥˣݴ˧ĲһվС
˵ӽȻԺһ뵽һ⣬æڵˣ뵽һ⣬Ⱥû˵̭ܰǿ
һҲˣʲôа취ϷӶľ˺ö࣬Ҳûһõ⣬һëͷСˡ
ǣڸо˵죬˵Ϸ
ӽڷˣЩ˵ĿҲǿ蹤ֵǿǰɣ
ڵͷȷʵɰϷסˡ
ôǿνǿһͬ㣬ֻҪ̭ͬǿͿˡӽĵ
ӽһ٣Ϸǰˣ֪ϷиʥУɶˡȴ˸ղ֮ǰڸӽȦȦ˵ص㣬±Ӧ˰ɡ
ڼӴɤź˲ˣϽ˵˵ķӡʲôûɶõ⣬Ͻ˵ϷǷС
˰ٴǻһۣȻӽǸʲô⡣ҲܺģղҲ͵͵룬ûɶ÷ӡ
ӽĶ䱻˵죬үӵɤôô󰡣ǸϽ˵˰ɡ


68 ٺı
ҵǣЧݴ˧
˵㡣ںǲӽֻ˵׵ˡ
վˡС񣬶뾭ѵɣѵĻеİɣͳͳһվɶУվס̭Щδѵʱİվ̭֮ǰ治ѵҲ̭ӽһ˵һѡ
ʵӽ˵վ˵ʱھھӽ˼ˡ
ڴɽУ֪Եʡ
ھӽôһѺϳһ֮Чķ¶ЦݣȻӽУֻжӣټӵϲУЩô׶Ըġ
ӽڵһгӣҲ˿нķˡҲܺ˵ټӵʲô˼
˰ٴӽҲӽδӪȴһСĹͬ㣬ô۹ͼʶǺġ
һΣӽçײĳһεӽһԺΪ֮ЧҲľ
ӽ֪Լֶ˿ڵˣ˵ָʲô
ںǺЦ˼£Ŷµĳ룬Լ˼£ȻεһӴǣеĽڣ޺ˡǼµʱ򶼵ڳڱϿźˣ˵Ϸһ¡
ˣø˵ףҪҲûӽε
ǼǻϡͳôǾôǡϷͳˣúʱͺǡĿľһж̭
ӽû⣬ϸ£ʵվУôʱأ죬һ죿
Ѿȫ̵ĿǣԶӽҲ˼ֱӾ˵Ҳ̭ΪޣЩͷµı̵ܴģһıδСϷǵӣܱȹͰһı̭ˡ
ӽ룺Ҫˣʵֻһǿ̣ǲ̫ˡ
ʵûֻ̫иĩܴĻֻǽļҶѣĴڶǸ׬Ǯģսԡ
ˣһжˣ
ϸһ룬Ȼ˵ЩҲ½һЩܹԼʮҪˮֶ༷ĻͿˡ
ӽҲ֪ô˵ֿ϶ûġ˳̭ôĻӦûЦˣϵİ׷ӦҲٳһЩˡ
˵⺰ˡ
һױͷĿ롣
ȥɶܱٽҡ
ױͷĿǡȻˡ
ֻٽӽе㲻⡣
ԮĹȫҲǹеľȫơЩṷ̂ıҪصϸϸظӽ͵
ţǣû⡣ӽͷȻֲһӦṷ̂ıҪ
ǣϷβ̭ӡڶӽһҲ͡
ǻٹʲôӽкܶ࣬ʸûꡣϷҪѹ죬ҿźˡ
áӽڵ˼
ûãپͱˡӪڵоʲԶ
ٱȭ
ںɫĶٵѹô
һ㶣ѹѹɽ󰡣֪ʵۻ᲻ءֻǲ˵͵ĩǹ£޲̻˽²ѹ󡣡
ӽ֪ôϣֻǿˣһ䣬һ˵
ȻһϷ֪ҪƭϷ򡣡
һǲɿڣĩȷʵѹܴ˯ã۾Ѫ˿ˡ쵼Ҳڱǰ˵
ѹǴϷ֪˵ƭϷĲĵԭ򡣡
֪ʵǰҲ˵ġֿһԵӽˣ֪ڵ˵飬϶ԭġ
ǣ͸ɴ̹ʵĳˣ˵ġ־͹ҵһʱͿ´֮һֱ˯ãζ°
ڼ˵ʵֺȻһЦ£иᣬ˯ˣϷйҲΪˣϾϷؾʦġ
һԵļһȻҲϻż׿ֱһ򣬿ɥңҡ
֪ӽ϶зݣڲŻᵱ飬һˡ
ӽôһ˵еĪںͷ˵ôһ¾ԼҲˡҲ˵˼ݡ
ڡǺǡЦȻǸʲô˵ҾͲ˵ˣҲϢϢ⼸ҵϹͷڵĲᡣ
ٿֳӽֹúûЧֻվ쵼ʲôߡ
ڼˣ˵ڵƣӦö˽İɣ
ȻǺָʲôܹ벻˽²;ʦ֮£͵ͷ
֪ҪǺ£
˽²ٲµ
Ҳ㣬Ҫ˽²ҪʲôڿǰµëϲѭѭյˣǶӽǶ٣ϲ·˵
룬صĪǴ˴ε̭ǿ֮ߣ
ǣһӣ޵
ӽڻش⣬䲻һӣ΢΢һ
ӽؿһۣ̰ôˣôʢú˵ڰĵô
ĩȷʵǾʵûа취̭ˡҪĩʵûвʲô˽ġٱײ
ϻϷô᲻֪ĶǾء
ǣǡе㲻֪˵ʲôˡ
Ϸû˵Ҫ̭Ϸ˵˴ε̭ǿǳҪºǹģǰ͢ʵ޷Ӧ˶ĴݡֻҪ°ˡͻһܺõӡһµӡȻ֮ܵǰǲˡ
գգ۾ԭⰡôѵȥǰ˽ôףְλԼߣҲߣõԼôʵֻҪΪЧĩǡֻǲ֪ô


69 ̭
ɫһϷټڽ£ʱ˵ͣ£ӽһۣȻֵƶһͳһ̭ԣ̭֮Уֻ̭еߣʩжӡо밴մ˲ִС
˵ڶٵ۾ʱ򣬱ƣЧ֮ǰ֮ʾߡǰǾûġ
ٵ亹ʼˣҪЩɱŶЧԼĻʵۻǵﶼ㵽ԼͷԼ϶Ӳʡ뵽æȭͷĩ
ڵǷŻҲʱ򡣡ص˭£Ϸˣ۴ɶ׷ɱ˵ڵĻ͸һ⡣
ɶ֮ˣڻ͸ѪζΪ⣬οԼıǰԴΪġԣͲ˼ϼᶨĵĩ
ӽһߵȻԼɶʱˡҲԷڣ֮ǰ˵Ǹϡ
Ⱥٹֿ֮ͨʼľ۽
ǵ˺óһʱ䣬쵽ڷˣ÷ӱǿô
Ȼģûһ˳Ҫ˵ûԸȥһղɢŶʱ䣬ԶӪصĲŸջȥֱлˣǻü밡
ãû˵ǰɣϷ˵Ҳˡ
¬֪ıϷΪûҪ̭ˣ
µͳ쿴վǰе¬û˷ԡһΪ¬ԼıһֱӼΪ˰ң̫ˣΪ¬ƷĹ٣ȻƷױǵͣĹٰ˭ǵ
ڼЩͷû˵Ҳ֮Уǣ˵ˣҲ̭
һ£µĽ춼٣Ľͼʣٿɹˡмµʵ٣е㲻ģڵֹƾʲô̭
ϣȴ⣬ȵ˭ΪҲĻȥһ̿
ڵĻתֹǼ죬ݺݵؿǣһ˵ʹĻϾǳȥսơ
˭֪ԼµЩôܴӮأǣְ
ڿû˵ˣ˵ܺãȻͬϷǰ飬ôҪ̭ǿĲӾֻʣһˣǾǲ䲿ӡ
˵һȦٿӽֵ˲ּ⣬ǰ̭ǿִ֮еΣָ֪Ϸһ׼ִУС
Ҳǻͷ⻰һ˵ǻϸһ׼ҪִеġҪϸֺû˵ǻϵ˼ֻ˵˲ģʵȷʵҲӽ׵ļƲߡ
ʱ򣬱ܱȳˣڱȭ׼֪ʲô̭ǿ
ҪԼȥ̭ɡ
ԶԶԣΣһӴȡ

һѵĽ˵Եֺģг
͵һӣ˵ŻĽһ˵ڡ
ӽûŵΪͲͷˡ
ǲ˵ΪǿСҲǿô׼򲻱Сȫǿ֮֡
˵ڿĽһԼ֪׼򵽵ɶֱ˵׼վӣʿľ͸Ϊǿжվãƨ̡
ԼֿҲˡҲǣЩү˹˹ĵ˵˼һ㡣
еĽ춼֪ľսġҪ˵вõı˭˼˵ǿ
ôһԼץЩտɾ©ˣЩǻйѵҲҪ̭
϶УʼѰԣת
ܱ»е֪ҪôվԺΪޣҪվҹʿҲԲ
ĵװ㵹ǸϷҸվҹı룬ϸҪģоʮϷֻҪվŵİ˼ɡ
һıﰵһ㣬һԼжٱð
Ǻ»˵ǲ̭̫˰ǿıҲ̭ˣֻôһĻ²ٴô죿
ǰǰ̫ˡ
ûˣ̭ô࣬Ƕ̭˰ɡ
ԣ̭ô࣬Ǹɴȥˡ

ڿЩԽ˵ԽûףҪѧ١ǣӽպӽҲˣգգۡ
ӽܵźţ֪Լˡǣ͵ôվ˵췴ôڻƤӣ͢ɷڣҪ˸Ҹɳȴ£Īֱ顣
˰ٴҲǴˣӽ˵һֵ׵ˣʾĴڡ
µĽ챻ӽһȣס죬ӽ
ӽŬװ׶ӣɶܱ١
ĩڡ֪ԼֵʱˣĻӦӽ
˭Ǹܣɱ֮ûڡ
ĩٻصĺܴ±ӡ
ЩѾòһôܵãܲá
ʵ˾˻ûץ;Ҳûʲôˣǲ֪ǣȻûץȴʱʱ̿ڵıץġ
ڿµ΢˼£Դ˳Ϸ֪ǵѴƴٲҪǵһĵıҪǹ͹Ϸˡ¿ɺã
ʵ½컹ǲģķ֮ıҪ̭ʧǮ٣ٿӽҲٷԡĿǰУ˭ܵӮ˭ܴӮ
Щˣֻ˵Ҫ̭ķ֮ҪǱ˵ı̭ˣԼĲͱˡ뵽ͷлˡǣ׷׳ʵ֪˭ľվ̭
ǶϣڰԼŵ


70 ̭
˿Щģһܣǻ治ô˭̭Ȼ̭ͬˡ
˭⣬ҲýǣʵԸߣ
˭Ը£˭вĽûһͷҪ̭ġ
ӽһ߷ˣΪʲôҪһһһ͵ˡ
ڵ˶ڽ͵ʮˣ̫࣬첻ġ
Ǿ˰
ŶǸ취춼һЩռмĻӦҲá
ڵͷ˵˷У
нĲ¶뵽ලƽµĽȻԲˣ¬ȻзˣְüԼҲ䡣
һĥҪ໰Ƕ¬޵ҧгݡ
ȴͷãá
Ȼվܽûճʱͨıϣоȷ̭ϸڡΪǩ󣬸Ӫжӣôල̭ŽԳӪأ̶㼯ϵڣȥ׼ɡ
ǣ¸׷׸ǻȥ׼ϣԼܶܶһݾˡ
Ҫȥʱ򣬱ڽסˡ
춼߳о֮ڶĲפӪΧĽ֮ͨҪأ䣬ֵֹܳô
ٵͷڵ⣬ȭĩȥ졣
ȻֳӽҲȭĩǡ
ڵõͬ˳оʣǰȥˡ
˳Ŀʼʵʩ̭ˣڵһ˳оʣͷ˲٣˧ϣĿҲӽԱߡ
ӽڵӣ⣬֪֮ǰѹܴ
͢οݾʱڶڣ͢Ѵһ˶֪Ķ࣬ʵֶܴϣǰһֱµͳƣ̭жʵʩĺܲ˳Ϊλˡ
˰ٴҲ˿վӽ֮ǰҲЩ췴һֱһĵġ
ȻڵױͷĿ棺֪水˾ʹ¬
ױͷĿʱѱֱӣȡı档󣬿ӽãԼ֪ǺԼ߼Լ
Ȼ¬϶ˣǣױͷĿ¬Ž
ĸߴ¬󣬹һְһ£¡
ԷǴ¬ӽûʾͳ¬֪˵
¬õˣ˵֪Щ̭ıΰţ
ںӽһ㶣ûü롣࿴˿Ȼڿˣ̨֪кθ߼
¬뵽ŹģȻе뷨ģҲףֱӻصְΪЩˣ·ݣعԭءֻǣְ֪δõǣЩ··ץİδжѱ²ݱ޼ҿɹˡ
ʱ·еı׶ˣֻҪ΢еλģ˽⡣ˣ¬λ֪λ֪ץðõ£ҲͲϡˡ
ӽǺ˽б˵ıʵ޼ҿɹİջж٣
մ֣㣬˽࣬ԣҲû¬شӽ⣬ֱӿڵЩʱִ٣ԭפظİǲкܶ࣬ǵ˾ʦ󣬿ƣץİðá֮أѲ⽨²ŰˣЩչƶ붼޼ҿɹˡӦòڰ򡣡
ӽһô࣡ȻЩջȽǿ׳ҲܷŲܣ캮ضģĻǻˣ߻ΪܡⶼӽԸģҲǳ͢Ը⿴ġ
ҲΪѣ̫ˡ¬ղҲ˵Ҳ֪δⲿˡ
оһ°
ӽ˰취ȷԵˣЩ̭İպ;ʦеһԴˡ
ʦģ߱ȾʦҪཫһѹܴ
¬ʦ֪ģӽĻӪ鲢ṩʱڳġ
е㵣ģӽʦ񣬽ôˣǸô
Ҳ֪ôˣѾʼʵʩˣӽĽϡ
ӽ˵ѽ˽⵽ں¬˵˵
ں¬֮󣬲Ҳ֮͢ѴҪ糾ŮӦʦЩʥ˽̻ˣЩٹˣǲǸ
ڳĬ˻ᣬϷдһ£̭ǿ֮ߵʵʩԼ˲ԣ̭޼ҿɹİմʩһϣû϶ᡣ
ӽĵʵ۶ǻͬԼĽ顣
Ŵ˶֮֮ĸ÷ǳءͷͷҲŲס񡣵ʵ֮ʱȴ˵Լ壬ѣ˰һˣԿǰѰտúصġ
ױķıܿͻӺдꡣȻ̧ͷӽ˲˷£ҪΪ㱨̭֮ߵʵʩΪһǰɡ
û⣬Լë֡ӽ뵽е㲻˼˵ҵëдĲãܲܲǩˣ
¬һ㶣λɫô
ϣһɣǩѣҪġ
ӽˣοءҲĿţһֳ֡
ǣ͹ԹԵ߹ȥǩ
ǰСѧʱѧë֣ѧĲôûëʣȻǩľͲÿˡ
ڿӽŤŤ֣޼ɵĹЦ
ӽЦģ˸ƨƵģ쵽˶ﰵ룺ȥһҪð̽Լë֣ԣѧʣǴ׻קģЦ
¬ӽһһٵǢﲻеƣӣѲɼͱѪԵϵ


71 ׽
Ҫʵ۾Ȼ󾡿췴ԣõʹ߾ӽĸ࣬ˡֱ
ٶ򵥵ͽȥִˡ
һ꣬ڵ˲̨ЪϢһ£˳Ҫ䲼ḽ̌ϸڡ
ӽһֱԼĵ׵ʣûˣ˳¬ֽ֪ôˣô¬֪Ϊ̨
һ¬ǺǡһЦȻ̨Լ͡
¬ҲЦˣ˵̨Ǳְĺš
ĩʱ򣬹ϵѾˣǽкţĶиԼȡϳ
ӽ֪Ȼɻˡ
ڼӽᵽֺŵ⣬һ£ӽϷ˲Ӵþãû˲ֺͺţ֪ɷ֪
ӽһڨڨһЦ˼û֣Ҳûš
ȻѧʱͬѧԼȡһţǲǾǺˡæֲſһ
ͯһ⻰ˣֱӽ˵ĺš
ҵĺŽ󲽡ӽƲֻ˵˳
ں¬һֺţ
Ҷ˵˲ģǷ˵
ڲϰݣкϷǺ棬˵
ӽֻǲ˵󱻱Σֻõҵ󲽣Ī⣬
ڻ׷ʣӽٲ˵ˣֻġΣֻðˡ
ôһһص죬Ҳ˵ľ˴øˡڿΪ֮ڣϼһ֪ӽǻǰĺˣԼ˺ð¡
ӽʷ˻ǱȽϸȤ¬̨ǲʱʹһʮĴ󵶣
¬ڴδıӽ֪ԼʹõһʮĴ󵶣еܺ棬Ϊ֪ӦúٲŶԡ
ӽӺεְ֪£֪˲ࡣ
ǺǣҲ֪ĵһʮ֪ƽʱ飬䡣ӽЦ
¬ˣ¶һȻӡ
ӽּһϣһ֪㲻֪£Ƽ㣬ҿ㡣
¬»ȻˣԼԭһֱ˭ټԼһΪԼǽʿƼ
Ŵľټ֮Ǻصģ¬֪ӽľټмıȭлټ
һҲƣСӲټԼټ˾̨֪ټ˭
û£û£ӦõġӽЦЦ˵ȴְ룬ҪƼѾͺˡ
¬ˣղż˵ְ֪Լ֪£֪Ǻ£
ЩѾˡ˵Լñ֪ǳʵġǣװأй¶
¬ӽ˵Ҳû취˭ӽǼأԼĶ
˱˵ȥЪϢȻ̭ϸˡ
ǲæˣǱȴæ
ܱ׻صԼӪغٿ顣Լ´Žоʵ飬ȻϼȫӲͣǶԱ̿˯þжӣҪվˡֻҪܺĹˣӴӦÿ˽ǮӣûУ
֪˧ҪѪˣǣҲҵ׷׵ͷӦ
Щ¶Լ󣬾ͽɢǸϽȥ׼ȻͷĿĲӣֻҪվסģ͸ǳУҪ飬ô
ͷĿգգۣǺףƽʱֵܲȻǺܺҲôġǵͷʾ顣
׶֪֮Ӿֻ֪ϰԵķԼǽ͵Ĳ̭ԼͿ̭һˣô
£ͷĿˣͷϵԼ飬Ǽġ
ôˣʵҲ飬˼һסԼ̭˵ġ
ҲеĽĲ뿴˵Ҫ˳ĻԼܣܲȫɱɡ
Щ˺ܿʧˡšءĺŽٵһǧٹֳ֧ӣֱӪĸǣסĸĽͨҪ
ܿ죬Ľٷֱ⣬εĴԼͷԹԵĲ뵽ѣƶľȥˡ
ʵյжתݹڵʱϦ֮ʱˡ
ʵۺܿ쿴£ϲǡ
ϲǣԼ˲ɳȥŰ죬ʵƽ̭ǿԵʵʩ̭֮󣬺ڵѹᡣ
ǵǣ֮ҪĶ֪ܲչ˵Ĺ
ʵѹûпǹҪҪõ⣬ǿܲܰù⡣
뵽ж磬Ӧ͢ٵࣿ
£ūδʱĩʱ֮ʹһΣǲ֮⣬һѧ糾ˣˡūǲȥҪϸ¼жش
ţȥٻأﻹҪʦʦء
ǣ¡жϽ˳ⰲȥˡ
ʵҲˣվⲽһʦյӦԽȫĻָΰõ⡣
˼ȥֻĳ佫ѫϴˡ֮͢ѣҲǹһʱˡ
ʵ뵽ͻصǰ£׼ظ
ֿӽǲҲ̶õǩɵáꡱһЦ˳
Ҫ˵ʦ˵û£һһʲô鵽ﶼܽҪ˵ıºܴ󣬿Լֶдȥġ
ʵһЦ˳ֺһ֣ҲжϢˣֱдϡܺã֮ʣ֮޽֮
Ȼ˰´ݻسӪʦʦȵĽ顣
˴Űʱңжһֽˣ£¼Ľˡ
ʵһæ޹Ŀ


72 ȶ
жʵ˿أ΢΢е㵣ģӰжݵذеֽȥ
ʵѹڴļùϸϸ
ֽϵݲ࣬ǸһԼùĻܡ
ʵۺܿͿˣɫһ³жЩǲ©
ж֪ܲ£ūȥ˵֮м¼ˡ
ͣͣ΢͵͵۲³ʵ۵ɫֲգ沢ûдﵽ˶ջкת
ʵһӽ˵йǸ۵Ļ⣬˵ֶ͢λȲϷ糾ֶ֮ΡԽӵĲ䣬˻ᣬжּڸ֪ͨ˳츮Ѳ´һҪÿ˼Ҷ֪¡
ǣ¡жϽǰȥ֪ͨ
ж˳ȥʵͷֽݣֻдţյľܶΪǧһʮǮΪʮңùԼΪʮңҶΪҪӦգľࡣ
ٲ֪۵ˣҲ֪ǮͲġ
ʵţ⼸죬ʦʦ̭ͳƳҪһҪʲܰС
ʵۿֽϾ˵֣Ǯ糾֮Ȼռ˰֮ࡣûǳ͢Աѫסﲻɰ˲ʶ֣޾ǳһˡ
˵ӪӽԼ¬ˣ̭ϸڲ𣬷кܶ©ĵط˵˵Ҳɫ֪ľͰ
ʱڸʵĶӽ̾ˣǰĿƵʱ򻹷Ӱ
ȻǷϻˣӽĿƣֲϾҪͶʹõģиһϵеḶ́м䷢⻹ٸġ̭ϸȴҪõģ¹ؼʮ˵飬ȻҪϸѵùҲ͸ˡ
¬ȽϸģӽĻе㲻⣬̵ΪĿƣ
ӽֿæҼһݹĳƺѡ
˵óתע򷨣˵ϵĻظôû
һˣЦŽ͵뾩ʦ˵ԶԶ˵ҲڿҲ͸յǰѣȻظء
˵ֵܻʲôʱ𸴣ǵ¶Ҫ
ǣļ˶ʵµˣҲͬڵ˼
ڿɫȻ¬˵̨ɫˣȥЪϢæġ
¬ֵǣְ̭֮ǰ챾üϵص㣬άֺô򡣵æһкñʹԱش
Ȼ¬ںӽǶȥ
ӽ¬ʶȥ˸Ȼڵæˣû£ҾͻؼҳԷˡ
Ȼ󿴵ԳһȻ飬ԼǼӦ沿жŶ
뵽̽Ŷڵǲǲܻؾʦˣ
ڻع治֪˲ɶģһһܰ˿
˻صŴ͵ʱ˵һģһǲŹء
ڶѾеȻӽϷˣϷӪʱϰļӪʡ裬Ϸ򿪿ھǡ
ӽϽͷ
ϣӽЪϢʱоеǼѾǺܺˣСʱڣҰӪȻûڻʹ˯ˡ
Щ¶Ӫı뾩ʦӪеôһԱȣӽðҪӱů뷨ѹȥԼһݣ˾ҪһݣԼֻ΢оеѣͷﲻûˡ
£˰档ţҪܱ˯ĻҲˡӣһҪȶԼԼСֵȴأˡ
ӽԼھʦķӣҲǸЦȥԼķӣڣûԼķʲôġ˵ӦǲġʱգǱǰԼˡ
ǰԼֻһʱӰಢҺ޼Ĺһ׸׸ϾӣȻɶûˣŮҲûֻлԵһһĹ
ڵԼбӦǱɣһŮδޣһнģϲøɻĹ˲ʶ˲ˡ
ȻԼһֱĸǿȵĹЩԼԸģųʵԽԽԼųʵԼ֮ʱ¶ԼҪıˣıĹˣıлʷɵûһҪúøɣ²񣬰ѴĲȫ
˵ĴԽӦǰö˰ɡ
ţţʹõԸ硣
Ϊûа죬ӽ˯ĺ磬Ժľѹˡڹ˰ٴķ£ϴϣھʹױһ͡
ڳ͵ʱڰѳʵ۵ĻظȻ˵µĻظʱ˯ˣϷû˽㡣
ӽмصĶЦЦȻ󿴳ʵ۵Ļظ˺ﰵԼȻûʵۡ
ڹӽˣ˵ϼȻ˻ظˣϷͿ԰ĵˡ죬ԼĪҪæһ죬ʼɡ
ӽͷھ˻ľ۽
ʮ¶ʮճʼ̡̭
ӽţʲô飬˳˳İɣ²ھ֮ء


73 ̭
·ܿŸоʣڸǶϸϸ˵̭ϸ򣬲гǩǩ첽ģ㡣
ܿĽͳˣݸͲٰױױȥֳϡ
ǩϺ󣬸·ĸҲϻȥ׼Լڳʱ̣˵㣩λʱ̺Žʼ̭
·ͬںӽѲӣⲻ
¬ûԼǸʹ̭ıڼϵæš
ļϵ㣬ѵλֻɶУڵȴ̭ʽʼ
һ߸ǿ׳ȴִŵıںԱߵͬ죺κ˵õǮôǰҶһµ
Ϊκͬ飬ԭκű˳Ϊκȸղ˵ͬ㣬Ҳḻ㣬λòõͬ˵ģҲ̫ȺٵģôĻмܵġǱץʱ򣬻˵أ㿴쵽ô
ҡҡͷκʵǸںġΪһ˳ԱȫҲκﻹźӣȵ·ϣñץġκһֱǹżǮĻӵȥá
κҡͷҲ˵̾˿
֪κ˼οκ𷢳ˣûǮܲڲɣٵҲСʱ򣬰Ƿݸϣӻȥˡ
κ̧ͷģϵһжĻϸҲ˵ˣҪгһգõϸĻû
κļ˵Щ죬СֱۣҪܵģֵܣԲض໰
κҲԼ֣סҼĵ֣İ˰ãվˣѱ˱ȥ˵
ʱ򣬡ءĺŽ̭ʼˡ
ЩѲ£ʼվӣһҶΪǵͷĿ߹ǣ˭ˣ̭ˣòһᱻߣں
ϣ׿ЩˣرЩǹϵ۾һգգЩ䣬ÿ䶼ǷƵġ
ںӽںŽ󣬾죬ʼѲӡ
ʱһһţЩ;ʱֹͣһоѾܾˣûվסͺտʼվһ
ڣʱĲţȰסˣЩϵĺٵģվסӸ뻻Ƶȵȡ
Ҳ±̭ȥЩķȷǳСǹƴЩĻ۽𾦡һжЩпˣ˷ܵµսϵǰǹָ˳С
˲Ըĳк󣬾ʹ̭ϵ㡣
ʼʱֻǵ˱Ѻϵ㣬һѺһ䡣
˴ŰʱӣܼһѺĸĲһ򼯺ϵ㡣
ͺˮıˮӣһϸ
ںӽޱ飬Ҳ˵ͷѲŸӪص̭
һѸ߼죬ͷḻˡдͷɥģҲֻġ
ͷɥЩ죬ǸտԼӪصĲ䱻̭öࡣЩֻģȻǻδѲӵԼӪصĽˡӪ̭ı࣬ȻռĶ࣬ﻹΪԼӢ⡣
ǣܿ죬ҲЦˣΪǷԼӪأ̭ıҲ١
ѲӹӪԽԽ࣬ںӽȺ߼ɥһְԹںӽıӰҲ֪Щʲô
κһֱŬţв䱻ﰵĸԼһҪֵ
Ȼһ󺮷紵κıܲˣһʹ˳
պиѲӵˣǹָκС
κ¶ɫֵܣֻǴ˸磬۲ûжġ
ͷ˵ͷҲǶˣС
κֵܣۼﻹźӵؼҵģкãæɡ
ͷˣǹһ³鵽κļϣκ˶СϻҪҪ۶֡
һʼʱľˡ˲飬ˣǲģ˼ֲǹ⶯ģѵͷ
Ǹͱκīջˣһ˸תͷģղ˵Ļ
ûĻشһǹ˳ȥ
ĸղžͿΪˣֱֲһϳԿҲܻվվˣֱֳסǹӡ
û뵽һ֣һ£ŭһһضǹ
ĵˣ˼¶᲻һ
£Χ׷Χ˹䵹ǲҶֻ۾עߵ̬
ЩΧҲԵɣһֵܱ۸ˣֱӾͶˡ׷ǹӳ
˸ǹҲֱӸȺŶԣǹͷٱ
κһΪһȺΧŴ򣬼ˣ˽ȥһߺҪˣһ˵ĵϣš
ȺǿκĻ˹һ
𾢵ʱһϵɤӺ˹ס֣ʲô֣
Ⱥ𾢣˵ס־סֵģм˵˹£ת׼һȻʹסˣϽһͷж
ϷֲˣҲ׷׿˵ķ
һŭݵĿǡԱ߻мһȺ졣
æһȥ쵼
ĺκҲϷб䣬̧ͷһһȺ߹٣Ĺ˵ϣȴ﷢


74 ̭ȥ
ŭȵô£ʲô
ڷŭ˶ҳ˻ᣬǸǹȿڸ״ˣص˵εľְأȻرǸ뷴
κļ۴һȺܱĽ߹Ϊ˵ǸĻ˵һҲ˲ôˣҲ˵
˵κмпڣûˣڱ̭͢ܣҪǶҰ⣬Ҿֻй¶ĸˡҪͷҺˣŹκ
κһôУΪԼģֻǰԼѣôҲ
ںӽߵķ˵ԵɣӽˡˣڻδǸʱ
ں޶ԣ˾ӪɵӣǴҳַˡ
ڵױӦУڡ
κ̭ӪʮִУڴ˵ء
ҪɱˣҪǷŹǣҲƱ̭̭жпǰܽܵġ
£ڵױƻ˹ȥİϣ˿ӾҪʼ
ӽϲģˣֲܺڶŸɣҲ֪ڵġ
һ£Ҫ̵ĵ»ȱһӣϣԸң
˻û𻰣κǱ߸Ͻɫ
ķӦæӦ
̵ױҪΪӣҲҺŴˣʹЩֶΣСΧĲ䣬ûˡ
ϺκҪѺ̭ϵ㣬˵ˣ͢᲻ܱ̭֮ġֿȺ죬ٻعͷ΢̵ºú׬ǵɡ
Ȼ˵ԸѲһطȥˡ
ľһױĲ£ϣȥӪǵӽ
¼Увٲ䶼ռ˱ˣ¼ʱ͵͵Ļ˸ƣƣ͡
ŵĽ죬ʼܸˣôµģ㲻ȥãû뱻ͽˡ
ȻֺǰգԼôûֵµ뷨أҶźãӾôȥˡ
ӽȻ֪е뷨׷ڣ˺ʵˣղô˵õİôʩ
ڿֻͷȺ죬е룬ͷŵصҪϷ˵ˣЩ˵ö̭ġϷûˣô²
ô᣿ӽе㲻⣬õĴ߰
˺ȺȱѪ棬£ֻҪǼҶǾڻң׬ãԲԵñǸ⡣ڽ͵
Ȼ̾˿˵ǾƸ֮ߣԺҪʵʩҲܵȺ˵ǿҵơ
ӽ˳ĬִľӣôܴӮ²أֻҪ˼Ҷٶˣڽ²ǰҲûõˡ
£ںӽ鶼ôãĬĬز˵Ѳš
أվڶıԽԽ١ȻءŽվŵıһ¶̱ڵϣ̭㹻ˡ
Ѻ;еıһַ˾ӪϵȴǿѺ˼ϵ㡣
Žھĸ죬ظԵӪʣµ̯ȥӽԼױ̭ϵ㡣
ںӽ¬ӭ˹ȥ㱨һ̭ʮǧһʮˡ
Բɴ˴̭ǿ񣬼˵鶼ͱ˵Ѳ̭ϵ
̭ϵ㣬ʵҲҰ⣬ɴΧһȦ˲ٷǰӽƣɢ˴ճһȦˣ͵̿ȡůںӽܿǣһȦСȦ
Щ̭ıͷɥģ֪˻Ρ
ںӽѲӵȦԲĵĵطͣںӽһۣȻڶӽǼǻϣôʩɡ
ô˵ӽ֪⹤϶ԼˣҲͲƴǣɤӣֵ̭ǣ˲ģǵĴʩ
ֵµױһź𣬰ӽ˼ԶԶĴ˳ȥ
е̭󣬷׷̧ͷԲĿȥ
Ϻܹǣ֪Ҳףԣؼҵľͻؼңÿ˷ǮӺһ
̭ˣΪԼĶˣ൱ǷۣԱȥǻ·һ˵
ϵһһƬ˵ӽǵķӦ֪ǲţֺԣûؼҵģ·ѣǰĻؼҡ
ڿӽ˵껰ˣͲһ䣺˳ؼҹꡣ
ӽһ£ԭҪ˰ӽǸǵ¡
ڵĻݳȥ˵ΪһƬе̭žʦķͷϣ꣬꣬ꡣֻϻеĸм
ȳԷˣؼҵľͿʼŶӡӽ̭Ǽò˵
˴ôʩЦŶ¬˵̨˵ԷҾ;öˣɶԵû
ҲǺЦҪһ¬ģǣǾͶڼϵһԷҲ簲ôʩʵʩල
ٷЩ̭Ƿ˺֮ǣǳԵĺңһ߳һģҲһ߻ҡĻϵĺãҲԼ
Щ̭Եĺܿ죬ڴָ˳ӡ˼ˣֵԼʱ·ѣҲڵĳ꣬ȥˡ
ҲһûȥŶӣڳԷ
̭һŶӣͿʼ·ˣôˣץʱ䣬Ǹ㲻ꡣ
ҲҺֳ㣬˺ܶС쵽·ѵģǧл뿪ϵأϻؼһȥط·
κеһĵ𣬵Ϊ֪ʲôطֲҼֻðżҿȥˡ
мҵĵȻǻؼˣһЩûмҵļ·ѿ죬Ҳȥ·ˣǴ˵ͷглģǲȥ
ȻһЩԭأе壬֪ȥЩ˻ǼھܵģûЩ޼ҿɹ黹·ѵ˵Ǿôһδ֪δ


75 ̭
ɫ֮ʱŶӵźˡʮˣô췢·ѣ¬ܵİԼгĴԱԵ䡣
ʱױһȺԱ˸ӪгӪʣʼ̭ϵص˷ַ
̭ŻˣԤҪ١
ԭһй˵ڣлȥˣٲοҪءȥڵطķתתҲǺõġڶԭǶڳ͢ԱĲΣֳʲô۶ӡ
ϳɾԭ½͸ӽȻֶ¬˵̨Ҫ鷳Ǵһ죬ƾͿˣıҲϵüȥꡣ
¬Ʋҵ˳¸ձָڻ㱨ˣĿǰӪأ͢õǧһʮˡ
ڵͷãҺͼȻоʣд£㱨½̭
Ȼھͺӽ뿪̭ϵ㣬оȥˡ
صоʺд£ǩ֣öʦϾʣµ̭Ҳþ촦ġλܴĺӣθӽεĳ䵱ȵʹˡ
æһкӽصԼӪʣŷﻹһ˵Լá
ļӽȴְƨʹ
ӽҲںЩſű𶯡
˻죬˽ĵ֪һһ˳ԱȫҲľ磬Ͱο䣬˳Ȼúˡ
ĵǧлУӽصԼӪʣڴϢȻŽ顣
ÿ˯ǰܽµȻҪ顣ӽһϰߣѧʱģá
̭飬ҲǸشյһ𣬲˳ɡ
岻үٲܵİ֣̿ҲϣԼûϣ̭ҲЧУ²үûңʵҲҪأЩֻҪһ⣬Ͳ̭
еʱڤڤ֮У⣬ҲǸֲشյһĽ
үԼԽĩʱ򣬿Ҳǲ뿴л½ٵĺڰ֮аɣӽ
ε̭ҲмطҪע⡣һ̭֮࣬˵ӵĸ̶֮ܳˡʷ¬ͬʹĽҲֻһ̫ˣֻпƸĸȴӡˣİ׸˱Ҳһ֧ǿ˾˽ȻûԼԼĿáԴûнǩĵط
ڶһҪһ֧ǿľΪ壬Ǵɿ˹´أ²ôõĻˡһҪʵ±ʦӪСʱԽԽãɣӽоƸ¡
Щ˵ĿҪ£½ǹˣЩ²ڻ֮صİգֶ͢Ȳǻ갡
ӽţ磬Ѱİȥˡ
ڶϣӽ̭ϵӲ̭˰ѶӪʦӪǱߵİҲЩӪʵġ
¬ѾվУ̭˼򵥵ıƣЧǿԵģԭЩ˱ϾھӪһʱ䣬һʶȻͿʼ֯ıشˡ֮ҪжһǼᾩʦѹ̭һ¾ȫߡ
ںӽ¬Ĺ⡣޲ڣӽʾҪ빦һȽ¬
һͨӽܲԼҪȥټ·ѵЭսˡ
ı˵ǿѵֱȥͽ²սȻǲʵ⡣
ӽԹŴҲܸȤȥƣʱʥּˡ
ʥּҪ£һ̭޴ȥı;ʦһͬԴֻǳռޣ̭ȴ˹ǼǸ˼ܡ
ǱڣӪˡ
ӽؾʦҪ̸
£˵Ĺӽʹؾʦȥˡ֮ʱڵһױ֪ͨģ˺þȥʦ˲
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ʵۿӽһ䣬øհѺƤֵӽԭΣƲҵ
ʵҲȷʵǣλ͢ϳЩƦӣ⿿ӽǸ㲻ġ
ӽԳʵ۵£гҪʲô飿
һ˵ʵ۵ˣߵضӽ˵޸ʦ޵񣬻Щĳ佫ѫףڳ͢Σ֮ʱı֡
Ȼñϵ̰һ¸ӽ
ӽһҪ£൱ͷʹЩ죬æ飬ûʱѧϰֺͿŴ鼮ĵ׶Էŵºų⡣
Ҳû취İ¸ϸϸ꣬еݺ󣬲ſʵۡ
û뵽ʵһֽӽظֻֿýӹ
ݶйģӽһ֪ˡ֮ٴοʵָۣҿ°
Һãûˣʵۿӽˣŭصʦ㿴޵ĳӰµұۣȻˣ
ʵĽӽϣȰοʵ۵££ԤϣһʱҪĹҲ϶ǲܵģĶԸǣǺˡ
ʵһæʦкߣ


76 ˰
ӽظʵ۵£ٹ٣ѫӦǾʦһˣʼֵֻײһ룬ȷǹߵġ
о׻Ա˼ЩǣתΪݳ֮ˡڷѾγɣҪıͲһʱ֮ˡ
ԹǳǸʱ¹ֵȡ⣬һһϦͿԸıġҪģ֮ǰ˵۵⣬ǿѹѹȥģֻǱĬ
ӽ˵һѣʵҲûһЧķЩʵʵ۶ֻ֪Щ˵ĲΪƽʱ˵ΪΪ񣬿ɴǵʵΪȴҲһΪΪ֮
ʦҲˣҹ˰ѰǮ˳ȱ֮޸ʥּٹٵʹȫȡ֮ҲȡòȫŲΪ輰֮á
ʵ˵¶һ˿޵Ц⣬ֶӽʦǲ֪Щ飬޶һ
˵Լ˵Ĵ³˵㣬е㲻˼ЦЦȻֵҲҿʣ֧ޣǿаּȥ
ӽе㵣ĵûЩʹͣЩٹʲô
ƽʱа칫֮ãǳ͢һǮһǵٺֻҪлߣʱȣݳޣ㹻ˡοƽʱεǮƻô͢ѣǻϾ㣬޾ͰǳѪˡ
˵е³˵㡣
ӽȻȴһӣȻǺܺãҲһ̶ϻݳ޷ǣԳʵ۵£и뷨ӦÿԻá
ŶʦʲôˣǸղ˵۵ɣʵ۲϶ӽµ뷨
£ģЩˣ󣬾Ϳʼ֣ƶȴˡ뷨Ƕеĸ˶˰ո˰ңֵȼԽߣյıҪԽߡһ̶ȵƶࡣ
ʵˣȷʦ˵еĸˣ̻ٹ٣ѫף
ӽͷȻѽ
ʵҡҡͷ̻˰˵Ĺȥٹ٣ѫ׻Ҫ˰δšУ˵Ǹ˰ʲôأ
ÿ˵һáӽ͵
ʵ˸ε֪ÿ뼸Σ
ӽһ£ǹŴŶⶫԼǸͳƳ˰ҲǼ׵顣ƿԣ˻ᣬڨڨصǰļôģ
ٹ٣ѫףʵ۲š
ǰӽ϶ĵͷʵҲûԼʱٹ٣ѫ׵ǲǸԼһʵ˰ġ
ʵ۾Ƿ˼룬ջܴ˰죬ջǷˡӽ˵δй䲼»Ȼ󲨡ݻ֮ɡ
ʵ۲ټ⣬ջ̫󣬵ʵڲ۴£ҪĻЩ˵Ͳܽ²ˣֱӸ޿սˡ
뵽תƻ⣬ӽ˵ްӳӪлһΪ̭ɣʦǰȥʦĿɣǻϹʦ˵ֽͼˣ
ӽһҲٹٹٵ£ʵʱͰֽӡˣֵڴ
ʵ۴һֽת̸ӽ
ӽһֻֽͼȺͨ鱾Ҫ㡣ͼꡰͨбҡ˻Ի档ϿӡҼᡱ֣ӡʮǮͼҵ׭ҡͨС˸֣ƻ¿ӡ׼ӡģ׼ӡͭǮͨʹãαն沶ʰԸ˲Ʋաʮַпӡ
̫ûˣȫճ֮ǰĴ
ʵһ߽͵ԭʮǮỻΪ޵ͷ񣬱޸һ١ʦô
ӽЦŶԳʵ۵£˵ƿԣⲻǴ
Ǹ˵ֽȡΪң˵ʹһˡ
ʵʵ֪ͼ֮ǰı޼ȻǺܺʣɿͼݣÿԪضҪеģԾֻðӽˡ
£Ἰ飬Ƿ
ʵ۵ͷԼὨ
£ֽⶫǴͭǮͨõģԣһҪãڶҪ£ģ¡Ϊ֮ǰĲӰ죬ԱҪбȽϴֲС⣬ֽҵıҲңֽʵ̫ˣЯҲǺܷ㣬ɱҲߣǲء
ӽ£飬ټȫӡˢ̣īȷרңŶרҲשңǴʦ˼һоֽͼȡҪļ㡣
ӽѾԳʵ۵ˣһ֪ʲôʿ⣬ף˳ͽˡ
ʵ۵ͷû뵽ССֽҵҪôߡκһ飬¹С
뵽ӽʦٴްѻ鴫ʡ
ܿ죬ϹˡʵȻҲӽ˸񣬵л˲
ӽ֪Ϊ̭֮࣬˳صĺѹлԼҲд󣬹䣬Լһ࣬æ
ʵ۶ԱϲԼ˵ټԭ򣬶ȥӽȿ׵ΪҲΪ⣬ϾǷʽϡ
ʵʽϣĩĳҲôǰڵġ
ܽһ仰ǰǷĳģĳծġֻǣծֵ̫˵㣬Ѵûˡ


77 
ʵ۵ǿˣͰӽ˼˵
ȻҲǸڹģʱƣֽҵҪʶҲ̣˲ͼ
ʵ˵֮Ƭ̣£һˣպԣԻӣʮ񣬰ϣó׭̡滭īȡ꣬Сʮիסġ桯ӡˢӡƣīɫϸ塣Ǵ˵еĴʦ
ӽһе棬ġ桱ӡˢźʵʲô桢
ʵҲûӽˣҲ¶һ˿̬ȴűϵĽ͡
΢ЦŵӡˢǸӡɫҪÿɫһС棬ӡʱӡ״ƴ𗣬档
˵ӽȻǲɫӡˢô
˲Լǡϱ
ǹأӽһ
һֲīĿ̰ӡˢ͹Ƕϣʹ湰ơ
ⲻ͸İ͹ӡˢôӽһ˷ܣּԼǸʱ϶ʹãҪóҲûˡ
ϻױǶųʵ۵ģ˵£ղһʮġʮի黭סմڱ£¿˾֪ʮļա˵΢΢еۡ
ʵ۶ڱǺ棬ԿʵǸˣ£ʱϵ䣬λʮ͢ӡʽֽá
£˵뿪ǰֱˡ
ʵۿӽӽҲЦ˵ӦҪ˲ɡֽӡˢĻ˵ֽҵķУƹ㶼ܺõЧ
ãɽǰգֱѰλʮʦ¡ʵ۵İ塣
ºûʲô£͸˻ȥɻˡ²Ӧġ
˳ȥһʱ֮䣬ԡϣӽ˳ţʵ˵£ε̭мܽᣬ˵˵
Ŷʦлֱ˵ʵһ֪ӽʲôҪһ˵ǺõĶԺڴ
£һ̭̭֮ʣµǷǿдҲѹҰƤıŰڡ
ҰƤʵ۲
ŶҰƤǽ²һơӽСĿˣֻý͵
֮ʳʵ۵£֪ھӪЩȣô˵ھӪŸڣܴԼˡ
ʵˣɫ΢΢е㷢աӽʵҲûʲôģ֪µľӪӱȽ϶࣬Ҫȥ̵Ļ±Ҳò˶١
ʵǺöٵ⣬öٵ⣬ԿãȱѪ飬ء
£̭νաȻӽʵ۷֧ΪʲôϣԼ̭жеá
ʵˣͷ֮ǰӦʦټ̵ģ̭еı֣޺⡣ʦʹ˸뽨²սץˣҲĵˡ
ӽԴһ崻ʷڴսܼٽعʵ۷Ĺ٣ѵԭʷԼûԽ
벻ǲˡӽеĽԳʵ۵£˴̭ôƸĸıҪԣʶ̡ĵ˷ǸĲɵĵزˡ
ʵ۵ͷһ㣬ʵ֮ǰĻϣҶѾйʶģֻΪ²ھ֮أûҳﱸ¡
£ҪĸһǰᣬǱһ֧ǿӲ춯С
ǰ޵ûһ֧ǿҲû֮Ķ۸ſˡʵ
ʵʷϣٹЩĳʵۣԴ˸̵ӡǸʱܱ֮࣬Ű裬ֱǾˣ͢ȴ޿κΡʱ˷¬Ҫٵһūֻй֧ǿ
£ԾӪҲһ̭Ȼѡǿ׳֮ʿ룬ѵһáӽʵὨ顣
߽ǵһӽôһ˵ɿ̧ͷӽһֵۣȥûκ˷ĶȻҲͲ֪Ϊʲô˾ٶ
ʵӽĽ飬ûϻظϳ˼˺һᣬ̧ͷӽ˵֪ʦģһ֮Ч²ʣûʦ̭ʱĹô
ʵ˵̭ʱĹӽǻв׵ĵ
ӽҲ֪ʵ۵ĵеԼǷˡ
ӪǹʦģҪ̭ǵĻЩ죬±̭ˣȥܳԿãȱѪҲûֵһԭ
ӪҪǱ̭˵ĻûԿˡᵶƵ£ǻмҷؿڣһҪ˭еΣ˵û˽²ɲðա
ӽͷﰵǳʵۿϵ
һӣ޳Ҫߵģʱ򣬻ʦޡʵ۵
£Դӽϱ֤
˵飬ûˣӽǡȻԼ˽¡ǣֶԳʵ۵£һ˽¡
˽£⵹ӽᣬʵۺܸȤʵʦ£


78 ˼
£ɱʹլӣ֮ˡסʹͶв㡣ҳһЩˣڼûһµġӽ΢еĴ
Ŷ£޻ˡɣжһգٰȥʵ۴վЦŶӽ˵Ȼøղ̧ͷǸȥ֪ͨж
£н²谲񣬳͢ˡΪǨ¾ӣԵ͵ΪҸӰ˾СӽǳĻϲʱʲôղյģǺܽ
УһҪõġ˵ҲеͲ¡صİˡںһҰɣʡʵһ˵һӽ
ӽǰʱ򣬺Ȼͷӽ˵ǲǼȡˣ֪㻹δµģҪҪ޽̽㣿
ӽһ㶣ûʵۻ˵⻰Ȼϣȶ˾ƣĺͮͮġæ˫Ұڣǵģǵġ
ʵۿӽѵÿĵĹЦ
òסЦ󣬳ʵ۵ˣ֮ǰ޴ӦⰢĸΪƷھ˵ġ°治ǰס޵ʹһǰͨݣҲٹˡ
ʱ򣬸պڸжˣʵһ˵Եɣϸϸһ룬˵£ʮ¶ʮţպլ
ʵˣͶӽ⼸죬ʦ޺öæ޾ͷ㼸٣ͰؼҰɣȻڶʮ֮ǰϻ¼ҡ
ⲻԼҲڴʷϵӢۣӦԪԼĴӣǸôˡӽ뵽Ͻͷл¡
޿ǺＱǾͶȥͨݰɡ
ӽԼûＱɣֻǵͷ˵ѡ
£Ҳû飬ͻƫȥ汨ϲˡ
ӽƫл·̡û취ȻѾʶ·ˣҪ̴·ųɣҪץɱԩ޴ߵġ
ƫſڵѾˣһӽٱѩأʵڻƫˣ¾ӽȥǹҲԼ˻
ӽסôʱ䣬֪ŵһȵС
һϲĵƿߵţŵĽȥ
ܿͷְڰںڰ帽ϣŴţרͷڸʲô
ӽܺ棬شӰ汳ƹȥ
һֱߵıȻûб֡ӽͷһסˡ
ְһСľͷһС̵ר־ؿţľͷϰ벿һͷӽͷ񣬲ӺܳԵеţڵӲ֡
֮ӽһ۾ϳ˰̵ľͷԼ񣬺ܼ򵥣ͷܶȴǹͷԼյʱʱ
ӡϸԽԽԼ̵
񣡡ӽ̾
ͻȻһһ̵ֻһС˿ڣѪӿ˳
ûйԼ֣æת˭Լ
ӽؿԼĻ˰һҲ˳Ѫˡһţðתץ
ѵʱ򣬷ӽϾֹͣϲصӣʲôʱģūΪҪþòܻ
ӽҲûϻش⣬Ѱ˵̵ԼǰϸϸãֻһСӣҪ룬ӿѪһСѪ飬ͣڰֵʳָ1ڲλá
ҲãŵˡӽȻҲ֪Ǵӵѧģ˽̵ģ׹ȥѪ
濴ӽ˽Լʱеģӽ֮ô͹һ˶Լ֮ãеɬẰӡаһŨŨ⡣
ӽѪٴ˿ð˿̧ͷ棬ԺٲˡЦ̫ˣ˲ѡ
ȴǲ˵ֻǺӽ
ӽӰ۾ǹŨŨ飬һӾԼ۸ۡ
˶˵ֻǻš
ʱҪ˿˵ӣǵõƤ񲻿ɡ
һᣬӽȻ棬ͷȥǰ档
û밢ȴûӽĶֻǺһ˼صӡ
ӽһֻ˵Ƥ򣬸ղŵͷһûˡķ⽨˼룬ﰵҪںҪ˵KISSǷӳɻĶв١οԼʵƵķּɻ鰡
ڰǰӽҲԸԼḡ͵ֻս㣬˵仰
һе棬ʵʲô
ҡ㣡ӽһһֵ³
ūҲӣ˵ͷҲ
զӾϵĲһӽе¡Ҳ˽ⰢģĺܰԼҲ˵
һк񶼲ӽ֮У¾תƻ⣬ش֮ǰ㹫ӳţϾͰگˡ
ӽǵɪӣ澲ţϤĸоһ㶼û䡣
ӽֻǺЦԼֻý´ҪĹ֮ģ¹ӣҲװŶˣ棬Ķҿ
ɵðľͷӽ£ӽøˣԼô·ӣܿԼʱ·
һ߽͵ūδӣԼ
һްųƯᣬɡԼˣŮҪںŶҲֲԼȥ׷ĸлԽ
ӽ̾󣬴һ˿ض԰ղҴӱһϢҪ㣿
һڴſӽҪȥˣ
ӽһҺãϢǵǣһϢйصģ
ūһؼˣһڴȴֺʧ顣
ܱܲһ㣬ʾ´ڸаӽֻõͷѳʵ۵ľԭԭ˵
Ű˺ǿĵӣЦݣһʢĻһݷҲӽеԼ㡣
Ȼе㵣ĵĶӽӣūе㵣ĸ׺ֳ֪ôˣ
ǰȻж˵ƽ£ʮûлؼңŵˣôһƽ¾׿˼͵أ


79 ˲·
ӽοҪô࣬һжã첻ܿô
ͷȻӽЪϢ£ūȥˮ
ãҲи飬ҡӽס뿪İ档
һԼܰ﹫ӣͣӽ
ԺҪ̽ë֣ȻҶ顣ӽڰǰƤѾеˣ˵һ㲻졣ﻹ룺ҪǰʱиƯŮѸԼΣţϰȥ
ԺԳӽŤȥ֣ɡꡱһЦ˳´̼ӽģǿסЦӽνӣҲͲǿЦˣһЦƫ
ҹϻ˼ϽǱĹֿͬڵĵլԺſڹһһңһ֣Ĺպ˸ǰһء
ڣҹ续УֻǵζһſڡȫںƤУͷҲһܴձññѹúܵ͡ݴ˿ͺףҪ˵䣬еˣƵģϳ
ſڣ˺ȻҿߵĽֵһˣתͷŻߵš
ĴŹһű˴һ죬һԹŴ˳ܿ죬ߵ֮¶׺סԹ˽ȥ
ŷѴ¹֮¶ݵˣʵҸɵģҪҪݼɵе⣬ˣҲŮˡ
ں˯ˣֱӹȥѰүɡŷֱӵ
Ǻ˾ȻܵҵԷȥŷǲǶԺˡ
ûȴһҲûȣͷƹӰڣֱȥˡ
·߾ܿԷǰ
Էŵƹ⣬ǣ֣ſ£ѹɤӵɵɵ
˭洫ԲϵҲǱȽϼϸ
ǶҪ֮ɵ֮ش
֪ĸɶ֪صģΪС¶ʱԼǶȥ᷿ᣬɵϾ͵
꣬;ֱڵ᷿ӷű߽ǵһһʯ᷿еĻ
Ȼձñժŵһߵ¼ϣһߵŸɵĵ
ûٹһͷеҰףŵķϲһӵⲽ˳㻹Լš
һˣ͹ɵͷˡ
ɣôҹǺ£᷿еλµ
ɵǶڵеֵһЩϢ͸ɵйأ档ԭǰ쳣ٶǸ̡
ţ
ɵǸ˲˵Ҫ̭֮پӪ
ʲôˣʲôʱʼλɵһ´վԵöԴϢ𾪡
˵ݻ˵Ҫ˲ڴϳɵƹžӪҪҪ٣ǵˮɾûˡ
ԭλĸɵִƾӪ˾̫裬ϾʱһŸģȥ
ӪͱѫƹܵģĴСٶš˵ӪһĶֵأ˭붯ҪС
֮˽ϢԵɾǣӪǵһĲԴõðһ֮·ȱѪҲһ֮·ѾӪıȥ׸ɻһ֮·
֮ǰΪŪʵֻۣһС˻ѵѵڰڼӶѡԳʵȻ֪Ӫ⣬ȴûʶӪˣֻǾ۸ϰնˡ
ҲǴкô֮һҪ˶ϲ·ȻǲĵġͷΣĺܺãһסġ
һæֹ򵹰ллɵǸ˲ȻҲǵĵ̣ΪҪܵѵͷ
Ľ飬һᣬ͸һ䣬ص˲ͻȻڴٳϣ۲šҪۼҵͷϣһǮۼҾͲܲˡ
룬ֶ˵֪£
ҡҡͷֺõ˵ɵд£ǵһʱǰɵ棬ǲ֪
ãۼ֪£ȻȥƽʱҪñ˲£˻ϵļɻ䣬ʱ˭Ȳ㡣趣
лɵѣӶС¡
Ҫ⣬ͽֳˣǧСм
ǣɵϽ֪ģҲСġ
ãӺ뿪ɡԸ
ǶӸˣɵҲЪϢ˵͵˳ţ˳ְűߵձñùֵͷŶȥ
˺һᣬȻߵſǺ
ϵĹܼңҲϼ֮ˣ֮Ͷġοĸ֮һ
үлϽүкηԸ
֣ߵȻԸһȥϣԼʱһ̣ߵ룩ϵط棬˵ۼҪ̸עм˷֡
ǣү
ˣȥϢɡԸ˺ͻԼȥˡ
ʮ¶ʮճջû𣬺ŰӽһѾˡ
һˣ˰֮⣬һ¹ٺλӽλġ
¹ٺͽǹɣּȥҲǹ˰ٴУ˲֮ͨС
ӽͰʡˣ˽£ûдΪ˹˰ٴҲǱװ硣
ͨݣλھʦ뾩ʦԼʮ£ܵ
ΪӽҰǰٶȾͿ첻ԤͨݵҪһʱ䡣
һˣھʦϣ¹٣ƽţԵе࣬Ϊ˵Ŀ⡣
ӽֺ󣬾̫עҲãͶԻ¹ٺλλֵܣǹɣǴűǺܷ㡣ǵٶȿ첻г̡Ҫ߰ɣ·
˭Ը⺮·ϰ˲˽飬¹ٺͽвͬĵ¸Сʣӽһˣٶͨݳ


80 ͨ·
˾ʦ֮󣬰濪ʼԾʱƿĴΧľϧǸ죬˹ͺͺĿҰ֮⣬ʲôûС
ӽŮĸĻ֣̿ߵҰϣһҲˣ͹˰ٴⱱķ
һ·󣬺ȻСžžડʵӽͷʯ̳ɵ·͵Ϊֹǰȴʵ֮·
˰ٴӽעµЦŽܵӣǰ·ˣǶգµ·ʵˡ·Ӧú;ʦʯ·ࡣҪǴ֮Ļͷǳˡ
Ţӽ˳ڵ
ǣдأ輸ƲСˣĻһ㶼ϲߴ
˰ٴ˵΢ͣ£̾Щˮ٣˵·Ǻ˲٣ɰյׯھˡ
ӽλĵͷû̾ǣʵҲ
˰ٴӽ͵Ƕ˶ǽģѡǱӲɵġңǶҲĲμ۸ֻҪӰ쳯͢Ƶģġ
ŶӽӦͬʱ룬ѹֹ˰ٴǸǶԭԵʡ
ԴԽԼʵĳȨƵгͻͷø˵˵
뵽ְעתϵĵ··ҪǱŢĻŶ㣬Ҫкˮ·ͺˡ
Ŷԣˮ࣬ʯҺճյġⶫڸҲûѶȣֻǲ֪Ȼصʦᣬʵ飬Ӧ
Ҫ븻·׻һ³ӽԺӽĥţǲǿ԰·;ϵأһɽϵǲܽ߻ũأ
ӽһԼһҡһڵĸ·һߣͷ⡣
˰ٴӽӣ֪飬ͲҸ˵ô
ӽ˰죬ƲǮΣֻʱȷ뷨£ҪģҲũɶģȰѽ²ϳȥ˵ɡ
ӽ뵽̧ͷһȻˬˬ
ͷԱһϾˡӽһ¾תͷȻʵĹܶԸˣṦôߣܲܰȡϽ׼
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˶ЦЦ֮ӽĩоĻҲĸȤʵƽճ塷֮⣬ʲô
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ӽǺһЦϰˣԺ뿴ʱ
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˹˰ٴĻӽӣܼܲӿٶȣū㵽ͨݡ˵ʱеСˡ
ӽˣҲװƼ顣
ҲûԼɣڹŴͬûɲС
ǣһݡù˰ٴǰ̵Ҫ㣬˫żӣӿٶС
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ƹģпˡ˳Ǹŵ˴
ƹʽ̧ͷˣ˫ۻʧ״̬һᣬŻعŶãϡ
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ӽƹϵЦݣеŤƤЦⲻЦһͺܼ١е㲻ϲˣʲôԵô
Բ𣬶ԲСˮȲ裬̲࣬ˣͷƹЦ
Щӽе㾪ȡ
͹СΧ֪ˣ²ûãŴûɶԵġ
ǾȲɣͬ鵽˵ӽΡ
ʱ˰ٴѾ߹ˣ˸ղŵĶԻͶӽӣǵˣиţȣͿԳԡ
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ǸˣӦǸСɣӹ̨һȲ豭߹ӽ͹˰ٴȲ衣УóСֽе裬ˮн
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СͷǷƹתͷѹλ͹٣ۼƹģվ˼ǰһջƹ񿪵ģ¡һһŮӺ⽨²һȫûˡ
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ӽЦЦϰҲǶԹ


82 ҳ
ӽڷ߳Աĵʱ򣬴ּ¹ٺλѵͨˡ
ǽͨݺֱسŴߣͨſڡ
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83 ϲ콵
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ʲôʹӦԪһʣһ߿ʼܡ
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С忴飬Ҳˣͣ˵ôܣʹŸͷУݣŭͬȥġ
СûʹֻǸԼ󣬿ʼϹˡ
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˵ӦԪñСٽʱܻСյڣͷſƥһǣվǱߡ
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ӦԪٶȺܿ죬Ͼͻˣĸ׺ʥּ
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ʹ߳ӿڣּҵһȫΧ˹ͬһԶסܹˣּҲԺӸġ
ܿ죬ֹϲҫ𣬻СļУСԺһַǷ
ӦԪȵ㣬Ӿ޴ĻϲҪϽӭӡ
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У̫ûʲô飬ϱھӰˣԼɼƽʱϵȽϺõϰͬ߶ӦСʱ飬˵˵ЦЦЦЦ޿ޡ
ӦԪܿ͸ϵţΪ׳ͷ֮һس֮ʱɱӣŵıҲʶ˵֮Ҳϲһ
ӦԪڵõһܳǽȥһܻسŶ￴°Լ©˹ȥ
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ӦԪеȴӵĵ
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·ҹմӱϺХӽҲûǰֻ˵һߣȹ
Ϊһĸ·ȿͨݳǳصʱɫ硣ӽ߰˵ͨݵʱ򣬰ڳҲסˡһֱͷԶͨݳǡ


84 
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ͨݼʮԶʱܿͨݳǽеĵطɫ¾ɲһ˰ٴӽ߽ɫĵطǸ޵ġ²Ӧùֻû
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ſڷżžҷֿŷŵģǲֱӳȥҪСǳӵĻ͵ðῪС
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ڼӦһȻԼеӣĸߣƯʣҵӵӰӡ£Žǰô
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ӣӦԪһ¾ǰеģ·𿴼Сʱ캰ҪǧǸСá
һ´ӳȥȥ˵ӦԪĻһ硱һŨŨ飬һ˼߰ˣֿˡ
ӽһ߾ĿţûдϵһĻţӦԪȻʷˣƽˡò;֪ͨˡ
һΪûҪͨŵˣڶΪ֮ǰ˶ƣӽһȻס˳ŶŵЩҲվһ߿֡
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ӽһˣӦԪʷϽܹӣǿļļӦǺġ
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ȵſʱ̫ѴŶϱӭˡ
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һ˹ȥıȵֳĸǵԼĹŮһ§ס˰棬ſڣӵ
ϵھӿ洩Ƥ£ҷ緶鲽ʱ治˵ĹﾹȻСʱּҹ
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ǣȻģʼɩӣֶǰھӣһ֡
ӦԪһӽûйȥ֡
ǰǵӽֻعͷӽ
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˰ٴּСûͣĵطӽ㱨£ѳӰᵽȻƥǣȥרչˡʺȥ
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ѫһȲشӱվʵʲôԼ棿ҪǱ֪ˣɻ䡣
ҲԹԵİϵͷжŵһߵļϣȻһ߹ȥһߵۼұ֪أҪҪ飬Ϊۼ㰡
ѫһ߹æ˱Ȳ裬ȻʵʲôҪ飿
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ѾϣһŲ豭ȡůһ߶Լͬ˵ҲѻϵɵӣϿ϶֪һ㣬˽Ĳܶࡣ
ǣѫе㲻ˣ⾩Ӫ˻֮⣬˭ʸǲ·ʷܣԼƨɶɾô˵Լ
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ʵѫҲǺܱ˼õѰȥˡһͣˡ
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ϸڣɢظҡ
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˵ҵӽȤˣλʷ˵ɶ룿
ӦԪڴϣ컨壬Ҳһں߶ѡȻܽҵһĹеͥΡ
أӽ֪ӦԪǱ̼ˣԲ˵


86 
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óһʱѪǰйǵġ
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÷㲻֪ͨ˾˺֮ˡֻͨޡܶʣʳҪϷ˹½ˣأĶǴƣ˺ӿΪĻӰͨݶܸܵ
ӦԪԼ÷͵ͨͨ˺ӵ֮ߺӵҲǷ㡣˺ޣȴޣҪûкֿ֮͢Ҳ
û뵽ӦԪ۹һ˿óԶӽﰵһ£ȻֿǺӺܸ֮γ֮أ
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ģеɱҲ֯ʦˡһֱӲõ˰ٶˡȥ˺Ҫúñ֣ȡƾԼıӱӽ͵棬Ͷˡ
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87 
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ĵøˣ˯ţԾͲ˯ˣӽӦԪ˶˴ߵԺС
ӽӦԪȴߵԺ߽䣬˫ָһʯʼ˱
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ҲǺ˯ģΪϰߣʱѾ𴲺ɩڲˡ
Ժж͸ɩ˵£˳
ӽתһְѾ˸ֲ·һӭƤµĸиӽ޵棬㴩ʲôƯ
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ӻûϴɣūȥ׼ƽһ֡
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Ҫôӽʵ
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ڼƻʲôʱȥݼּ̫ͷͽ㱨ˡ
һϸӭ˳ӦԪҪ󲻸Ҳ㣬ңһĿ佱ӦԪĹͣͣϧʧȥһ˲ţһ۰
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ӦԪȴи򣬾쵽ԼһҴ쿪ʼѾúǰһˡһУŶԼλ÷ĹͰɡ
ʱھʦ鷿棬ԶĵطվһҶĿܣκ˿鷿
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ûǸ˲ȥͨˣջϻؾʦ
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ѫ鷿վһᣬȻ컨ЦҲ


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һң鷿һүǰ
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һСӰݵشŽ˳ְ鷿ŸˣһϵеĶԵúȻ
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ѫתǰʹõǴǷھʦ
е㲻⣬ʵ²ƼʦǲҳڳѨ
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ǣү
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¹ã࣬Ϻٹ٣ʦɫ˵ȽԼȹѡѸҵĻһдӼֻеί˰档
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塱һһƬزûеͷǾͿӽ
̫ԼֹסЦȻհ֣ôҾŶӽŮΪأǾң⣬ͲҪƽˡӦԪʷٻ壬̫ƽʱ̵Ĺ͡
ӽе㵣ĵģϾ˸Щڡ̫̬ˣͷһʯͷ
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ſʼԴһ߳һģʹ졣
ûǳܿ˯ˡһû˯Ҫ·ɲͨˡ


89 Σٽ
ĴȴûӰ쵽ʦһɽɽꡣ⴦ɽ濴磬ֲҵ˳һľۼء
ռݴ˴һȽġͱ족Ǹӽĵӣͬɴ͸һͱ족š
ﶦʢʱԼʮ֮࣬ĺûյĲһͲڣĴǺܶ࣬˵طٸΧ˼ζɹҪץסǵټ
ΪһǲõˣؽǣΧǣȴЭץľӪͻΧֻʮʬ塣
֮ҲץɹһĺܣΣվ伣ûΣյʱֻһƱٸҲκβǡ
ͱ족ɽһߺȾƳ⣬һӡΪӼŰӰǵ
ִŹˣһû룬о׾ݣȻͺܲˬˡ
Сģ˺ɽආ
ආԼĻʱ䣬ȻԶһ߹̫ԶҲû
һڿˣֻһʿආϽתԱߵһأһ׼õʯͷȥһᣬ桰һ
ȻආԶٽһЩڿˣһӡ޵˿ĭ캮ضģǸ˵ûɧš
֮תʯͷǸٲǹ
ɽ괦ҲһƬһһզĺô󲿷˲ᣬȾƳ⣬ֻһķԸ³ݣɽꡣ
֮󣬿˸һСʿһϽǰЦʲô˼Ҹˡ
룬ûӦֻǷԸȥ֪ͨĪ󣬾˵ҵˣҪȥ
Ȼ·ȥɽһĴӴԸȥˡһʿ档
һ󡰵ŵŵšĽŲԶźܿͱƿһſ˽һֺã·Ըʹھʦܾˣ
뿴ǰӵ˵˴θϵشҪȥɵһˡǧͽǧԸȥϹأ³֮󣬸һ롣üһһһϣ˽ǧ
Īһ˯ͷǮʱˡ
ƽʱ߳٣ӦñȽ֣»ûԼҽӵĻ
û⣬ֻǾϸ¡Ī»׵ġ
Էоλ½˲ȥͨˡҪǷؾʦ·ϸɵǡ˲
ĪŲܶԷɶأǻʵۣҲȥۻ롣Էֻˣǻֵ
ʱؾʦĪʵ
ʮ֮ǰѾһǵȥ·ϺšһͬһȥȷС
Ī΢е㲻ôܻɡͱ족ءȻ֪˿ϵ۵׻벻ܵﻹ֪ġ¾ʹӦϾȥһֵܳǵǻûʱͻؾʦˡ
Ī˶ʮֵܣһ˫ȥˡ
ʮˣԸˣôö˰ɡ
ʮ¶ʮճּ£λˣˡ
Թ緹󣬾ʰ׼̡
ʵҲûʲôʰֻӦԪҪȥ¬Ǳ߱£ԴԼĹǹԼĶϾʹ˳֡ҲûʲôˣֻǻһƥԼұģٸˡ
¶Թ˰ٴ˵⣬ݱӽĲʹֱȥͨݾӪһƥӦԪʲôʱ򻹣Ϳܲɡ
һʰ֮ǳʱ̣ϰ˵룩ˣͲ£׼
û룬ȴ˸ӽӽһùһ룺·ϳԵĴձɱǲһô
õϺŷԼˣһ飬ġӽĿ档
֪ӽԼʲô⣬ֱ˵ӣǡͨ塷ūһʱ䣬ùӽ̵ıע¡ƽʱû¿Կֻǣʱ䲻ֻעһ㡣еź
ֲðûզкԼΪǷ˸Уûץʱǡͨ塷
ӽŰź˿ȴЦݣһж԰汣֤˵һúÿûɵ꣬ԺٴӿҪܶģǶԹŴµĶϾûʲôѶˡ
˴һ˿Σӽӱأ
ӽͷѡͨ塷бǰȻؿڵ飺
ӽ˵е˼ʵ˵һӽҰ㣡
ӽһװһ¡ϧΧȫˣ뾭ѵֻ÷ɿһ
εĲᣬ̵ʱչǻᵽġӽݱĸššС󣬷󳯰濴һۺ󣬾ͳˡ
ЩУӽʲôû˫С
˰ٴ嶫רʽסɸӽ
ӦԪһͲбһӲϹųǹһͨҲ͹˰ٴһס󡣼ӦԪ޳ͦϣԵ˧
߳ʱھǵĺȲּҴ䡭
ӦԪûлͷȴĵһҪһݹҵ
ͨϳź󣬺һȴѪ֮ˣȴҲ캮ضġ
ٵ˸·ñӽֿʼѧڵûɶ˼ѪڣпС


90 Σķ
ӽһȣز٣о߹ιķԽԽǿȻ޻ñܸоȥ쬵ġ
ıܣйɵ˵㣬ӽָо
˰ٴӺ׷ӽţȻͷӽ˵ʹˣѾҪˡ⻰֪мģӽĽԵġ
ӽеƮƮȻҲͷŹ˰ٴٶȣܵʦ
˰ٴһƣͻصŻȵͨݵʱʱҡ
ӽһⲻǻûһȥͨݴּλԼĲ졣
ӽĿԼļʲôǣ˫һһţವһѹ˰ٴ
˰ٴںҡҡͷҲûӽԵ˼һٶȣӽһ֮
ӦԪѾţڹ˰ٴƥľ롣û˵ĺܣҪڱܵ죬в
ӽһӲͼֲסʼƨˡֻÿƿµļ٣ΪСܡ
ıӲͣĺӽù˰ٴ̵ķӣ
ӦԪӺ׷ӽŶСЦſӽЦ÷ҪսϣӣӲˣ׷׷ϵˡŬ
ӣǵҲܶҪ̫߰ɡ˵ֲս׷ӣ޹ءӽˣĵ
˰ٴӽһ෴ӦԪĽۣˮƽѾܲˣҿĹ棬ûбȹĸģֻʣ¶ϰˡ
ţǵ˵ǺǵЦҲ֪ͬǳЦ˰ٴĻ
ӦԪҲ̫̼ӽͲٴûӽȴ˵Ǳһȣܱǿ١
ӦԪνģȻ÷Ҫ棬ˡ컹ǿԼ
ǣӦԪӽʼܣ˰ٴں档
ӽ˺ݣŬԼ壬Ծӡһֱ׷ӦԪԶ
ʱ䲻֪ĹȥȵԶԶͨʱЪŵķʱӽŻ٣Ϊܡ
ӦԪӽ׷ˣסͣǰ棬ӽȻʵôܲˣôʱ䣬÷֧Ųסˡ
ӽӲָſµ㿴ֱӾ͸ͷһˣҵǲֻۣѡһ˵һƽԼĺ
ӦԪȴûеɻʵͷ
ǰӡӽתע
ûӦԪףȻͿˣ÷˵ͷʲô
ӽֻܲý͵㿴տˮʱˮˮðô
ӦԪͷŶȷʵӵĺе񡣡ԶԲӽ˵ͷĳһˮ˵
ӽʱȴˣ룺ĩŪŪĳöഩԽС˵֮ǰܸģҪ˵ԭȷʵܼ򵥵ġȥԣʵڲУ˵ţˣʲôԪӦܸ֮ܲ
ӦԪӽöӽŹλԭӦԪӽܵеۣͽȥǰǴЪϢһ¡
ӽȻûˣһһ߻ӦԪܣйӵ顣
˰ٴУûв廰
ȿ쵽Ӵʱ򣬹˰ٴȻӵȵȣǰйŹ֡
ӽͷ˰ٴզˣ
ӣǰǾʱļӶ⡣ֻһð̡
ӽΪǷʲôأԭ⣬ͲΪȻ˵طûɶģطⲻо͹Ŵ˰ɡ
ӣСʹ괬˰ٴǼֵ
СʲôӣôӽûҪСʲôѲӼƹͨݲ֣ⶼûеСꣿ
˰ٴһʱӽԹȥǴð̴ˡѿǸطԼ֮ǰЪųзĵطϰСԼ⻹óԵء
ӦԪҲù˰ٴСˣʲô⣬ԶͨԱء
ȵߵýˣӽҲеˣǰŲȻвˣҹհɡ
ӦԪҲû⣬˰ٴȴ˾衣
ӽǰȻʮˣֻЩ˶ͨ·װҹա
ЩҪɱӽȺ·ѰֵĵطʱҲ⴦ط
ԭмһǹٵӽǻؾʦĻ϶ᾭڶ˴ͨݺ;ʦ·̵мλãһ˵Ƚƣʮ֮˾ŻͣЪϢߣ֡
ˣĽ£ѡط
ΪڵȴӽĹڻҲΪ˱֤ӽǰƬƽɱˡȻֻһӣװ⣬ùЪϢ
Ϊ˱֤һʧƶ˼ƻ
ƻһǵӽЪϢʱ϶裬ӽʡ£Ҳֵ
ɹĻмƻǶƻʧܣüٰÿ͵ֵΧӽСĿռڣͻȻϮĿ꣬ɹʷǳ
Ҫһӽ󣬻ûӳӡͷźƻʦʮֵܣͨݷֵܣһء
µ޵ҪܱߵĻ·
˭֪һ죬ûȵӽڶɶӽԹޣźĴ©ķﻹô죬ֵʱ򣬷Ҫ࿳С
콫ʱڵһˣֻԶԶĸˣûף֪ǲǵӣ͵ȹơ
ӽһſڵʱ򣬶;еóһ˶ԣȻǵӣ


91 
͵͵ûʱӽкˣϰ壬ּˡ
ûǸƹСҲûӽ벻Ź͵ʶ˰ɡȥһ͹٣
ӽһ̧ͷȥȴԼʶСȴ֮ǰǸСһģһ£еɻ󣬾ʵǼԭСأˣϰأ
ʱ򣬹˰ٴ߹ˡеĻԽԽǿңôڵ⣬߹ʱȴûϳ
ߵӽλʱ˵ȫ׳ӣڿһļӱߣܱܷļȴûǲϳ
һһ⣬˻࣬ܲʣµϰİɡ
ӽһ˵ϰĿⶢ߹ǸˣС·Ǻܺ˰ٴһ±Ľˡ
̨ûԭǸϰ壬ֻһ˶ӽһۺ󣬵ͷȥһݶ
ɨµڵЩ˿ͣЩȫתǣ񲢲Ѻá
˰ٴ͵ЩԲӣ
£˰ٴһãӿߣȻһԼȥӽգһְε
ӽ֪ʲô˰ٴһۣ߳Ҳת
ڹ̨ʱѿӽˣҼԼѱʶƣϴ󺰵ɱǸӸ磬Ҫɱˡ
һĪһӽתæһóһѹѸĿӽ
Ī֮ͷѽΣΪͷԺãһƾһա
һգ۵Ĺ鶼û׼һ˳ȥ˰ٴѷ˰ӽȴĿżӽλá
ӽһºȻǰֵǸһڵʱֱסӡ
˰ٴŵĻɢʹõӽ¸תһ¾ʹ˳ȥ
͸ӽĺ棬ղһ˰ٴĺУһæǰӽ
ӽһһգ۵Ĺ˭ûܷӦȵӦӽѾܳȥˡ
ӽĺȥֵЩ˶һ˳Ҳûʱˣս´һԾ£һ߰γһߺͷ챣뿪˵֮󣬾ӭȺ˷˹ȥ
˰ٴʱѾתͷݺݵһ˳ȥһ仰ԼСġ
ӦԪϰ岻죬Եǰʱ䵽׼ʱ˹˰ٴıֿԼ÷ӳ˻
һæȥⳤǹ׼ӭս
˰ٴѽӽˣӦԪĶæ커͹뿪Ҫսмˡ
ӦԪһϽͷȥ׷ӽˡ
ʱӽˣղŷЩôûоΣյͷӦһܵıסȶסӶѡ
ӽֱӣһץסһȥأۡ
һ֧𣬰ѼԶԶô˳ȥ
˰ٴӽӣ΢˵ġҲе֣һӽദ˵㶬յ·ٺҲסǼ
Ҳûʱȥˣղŵ϶֪ͨģ׷ӽӣʦܣǱ
ӽ˼׼Σ˰ٴôһ˵Ҳٰμʱ䣬ץסһ͵һ߿µžʦķ˹ȥ
ӦԪ͹˰ٴһӽԼﶼ˿ƲҪǣһһңӽ뿪
ûܼͷǰԶٵһʮϹٵ׼
ӽһ׼˰ٴѾˣãǰ죬תͷͨݡ
ǣסתУӽûˤҺãӦԪһ߷һѡ
СǰѵһΪָһѣĺ磬ΧʮӲû
ۼӽѾˣòУǰˣ׷˵ƹǰȥſڵƥ
ĪԼһģӽûеҲȽ֣дװ
¼뼱ˣ֪ҪСèӹģȻͷʰ˾ͳɡͷԸ֣½ˣ˸׷ȥ
ҲǾþɱ֮ˣʱѰԼ֮⣬˵ӽǵĺã֣ڳȻӽǺãȻҲһˡ
췢ʩ֪ǰȡʱ䣬ʩչһ׵عſĵطսȥ
Щڽһɱ֮£ַ˹˽ٶȵȻҲӻˡ
ʱӽִǰӹ˰ٴû£ʹѵͨȥ
ӦԪ˵ǰһȺĶ֪ǵͼ£ֹ˳ǹѹõ֣תಣಡһһ
䣬ܳԶ̫Զֻðˡ
ʱͨݷŷӦ嵽ٵϡ
֮ģΪǿӽЩ˹ȥģĸˣͷ콻ˣû˼׼
ӦԪ͹˰ٴѿǰѾûѡءʦʮʮǰֻֻͨݷˡ
ӦԪҲ£պǿ֣ʹԽӽǰӭȥ
ʱѴӹٵϳˣŵ֮ģ۵ˡ
ӦԪ΢΢Цֻɫֻ۸۸ϰա£þ룬üһмȻǹ֣ӭϡ
ʣµŵˣ˼֡һ棬ֱӱӦԪһǹȥ
ʱ˰ٴҲѳм侪δȥ΢ǻеӽ֣һұߵĹٵ³ȥ
߷ֳʤʱӽϵ
ӦԪǰͷüͷšһӽ̫ˡѾ㼯һ׷ûܶþҪǸϡֻ÷ˣϣ÷ܵͨݡ


92 پ
ǣӦԪԹ˰ٴ㻤Ҽ÷ǰͨ¶Ϻ󡣡
ӽһϵУҪһߣҪһȫǮ£˵ܷŹǡ
˰ٴԶЩʼ׷ǣӽӣߣЩǳġղŵ˿û顣
˵ֶӦԪϺɣұл֮𡣡
ӦԪҡҡͷҿ֣ϹҶ֣ҶϺһ
ӽβӦԪ£˵ӦԪʷԼˣͰ״ݣҲԴ۵һܣܶþͶãʵܲٸƴˣ˵·ϻء
Ҫ·ܾǵ·ˣǳ˵Ρӽ£˰ٴӦԪҲ硣һһһסӽͨݷۡ
ӽ֪ԼһܷܵȫȡԼ١£ҧأƨɣ˫Ƚסר
˵Ϊһ׻˵ģ˵ΣչͷǱ޵ġӽıκһζ졣
Ҳû˦ȺһԽ׷ԽС
ԭһӽܱȵģϾıĻ֮һڶԭǵ֮ǰһֱЪϢһһ˫ӽһ˵Ѿ˶ʮ·ˡ
ӦԪһһ󿴣һҪ׷ˡмѾȡ¾͸Σˡ
ӦԪﰵԵ£ӽıӰѹĵķ١
ӽһĿֻǰ񱼣˿ûʶѺӦԪ˾롣
˰ٴҲڲʱ۲ĵ飬ӦԪҲ³ӦԪ⡣ֻԼϹУֻûӦԪһȭȻӽǰܡ
ܿ죬ߺѾĴ˹ӦԪ¾룬һŤಡһ
ΪĿǡɾĪҲǸ֮ˣӦԪд󣬵䵽֮ʱһϣʹϷһҵĵط˹ȥ
ϣ洫һ˻;ӦԪһĪ󱳺һŵĲӡΪĪסߣûƣмʱֱˤ˳ȥڸ˶ˤȥˣǻˡ
ߵһ֮£ļ˷׷óԼĹʼӦԪ
ֻǣΪǵĹǿûӦԪǱ׷ӦԪܡӦԪͬ򣬼֧ǲͬ
ӦԪӶչûĪı£ֱˡΪҪͨˣǶûףһоͷ
ٶԱһĿ˾룬¼ˣĪӣȥпܱӻͨݡ
ĪԭӦԪ˼ٶԸ׶ˣôһ˵ҲеǵĵǰܵǸӸ磬پˡ
ǣĪǷļ²סǰǸ˵뿪ٵƹȥסǰӡ
ĪĻһ䣬ʮĸߣ˹ٵһ󻡶ȣܿӦԪȥ׷ӽ͹˰ٴȥˡ
ҲûУںҲɶãӽҲѡ뿪ٵȥ׷ӽ
ӦԪһֱ·ǵͼֻһˣû취ӦȥӽǣǼ⼸ǽӽǱߵĻӽΣաǰֻȽ⼸Σյ˵ˡ
ǣӦԪסһ߻㣬ù֧һߵȺܵΧ
ûһᣬˣӦԪٳɣһ
ûҲ˵ãأֻ˶ѡ
ӦԪֱ滺֮ʱҲһһӦԪ
ӦԪ룬ҲͲЧһ±æҡ
ӦԪ֪ȥԼ©еʱ
٣һٴת䡣
һ˺öˣר
ûıĿ꣬Ҳû뵽һôһʱƥм
һûѣһ˵ϡ
һԾ˱ϣȻֱкм٣һڣ˳Ȼ䵽˵ϡ
ʣĪס˿ս׷ӦԪ޼ӦԪһֱһ׼
ӦԪһֻһˣ˿߰ѾӽԽԽﲻһøϽһϹȥ÷
򶨣ֵļͲü׼ˣһһбӮİյġ
̼˸գżͲһ֪ԼļѼˡ
ӦԪҲûʱûжѹֱһӣְѳǹõȻûǹˡ
ڱܵĹУ˰ٴǻ۲ƵġֳһӦԪڴʱﰵп࣬Ҳް취
˵򲻴Ĺ⣬·Լȥﶼһ·ӽ޸֮ˣֻҪӽӽͱɡ
ӽ͹˰ٴľԽԽǡۡĿѾʼɼˡ
˰ٴЩȽûģ΢˿ɿԭʵĶרõ°˳ָһѣ׼ս
ͨݻкܳһ·̣ӲͨˡӱذɣСҪһˡ˰ٴӽ˵


93 һ
ӦԪϣתͷעźǸԼһѼꡣ
ʧˣûǸ˳ţһֱûжֻ֣ǽ׷
ӦԪ֪һֱȥԼܹʱܹԼȾ̫Ҫˡ
ǣһҧðհ٣Ȼһת׼ƴһѡ
ĪһӦԪĶ֪뿿Լ̱ӡʱõĶԲߣǺӦԪֵλãȻһֱ־üǳȥ
һĪԼļģԼ¶ǰ׷ӣ˵ģµ߻һ̱Ӹһոǿ󱣻ٹ˵ġҪԼԶЭɱӾ׶ˡ
뷨ûм٣ǼٴӦԪռλõһȥûԼȥӦҲû⡣
ԽԽ˫ұԽԽĪһδ֧ڹϣ׼ʩչԼĿұ졣
ӦԪҲʼ𲽣ĪƽϾܼ
˵ǲûΧɱĸ˶Ըȫȥ׷ӽһˡ
ҲֻӻȺʱ䣬ʱ䲢ûж೤ͱ¶ԸȺͷ׷׽⿪
֪ܾսһһģʱˣܻ©ԷͬҪǷصĻԼͶɡҪԼߵ˵ܸȥæȥҲǿԵġ
ԸĸҲڽս֮ˣ໥֮ÿԼɵһʱ˾ͻἰʱȣܿԼɱ֮򹥻ʹԾȡ
žʦһгȥͨݷ׷ȥż
һ£ٺСǰյϴ򶷡
ĿռСԼܿμ࣬رãǲ磬ɱˡ
ĸѸΧ˽ȥǸкֵ൱Ľƻһȥʱ򣬰ĵһ壬һӾ˹ȥ
Ͻһ˹ȥ׼䵥ʱ򣬺ֶһӹΣֻ÷ᣬٴζ
ˣҲͺֵĲԡǣ׷ֱߵγ˹ȥ
һ֪ԼĴˡղŵĲԻûģҪƻǵĺϻ
һݣӿһһ϶˳ȥȻҲܹȥ׼λսֻҪֿĸˣԼѹͻᣬѸٻǵİվͻˡ
ܵڽǸʱͷֵһʬ壬ӲӲءԼʶСϰͻƶ档۾ôģĿ
ûΪӹһ٣ջڴһŭȺ캦Ĺզȥ²ɼܣѵİѩϼ˪һҪɱճ
ĸһˣһ࿴һۣȻֳ飬Ұ
ʵͲ˵ҪܣֻǷֿǶѣǹȻԼԸһΪˣһϲתͷӭȥ
ôãû˵һˣЩеԼӭҲη壬һһңɱ˹ȥ
ϾͿʱȻѽµһľһЩϮߵ
һľ屻ڵϣԷһܰ
ҲûüߵǸ͸Ͻܡ
ô˻ᣬһһСɽֱͷ˹ȥ
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ոǿǶܴļ֮һˣֶǽеľһܵġ
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ߵʱպö㿪˷ɹľ壬ͬĲҽʱһ
¸Ŀ걾עˡͷȻֻǼСһʱ䣬ץס˻ᣬûεֱӰһѵ˦˹ȥ
֮ʱܣֱӹᴩһһľϡ
ŵĿԼǸȻһҽУеĵȥӣȴڵأͣĲҽ
ʱŰĵ˳Ȼ󿴿ҰٸϹһۣûȥһѵתղŵǸӡʱ俴ͬʬ壬ܵãԼҲԳûָ
ܿϵ˸ղսĵطͬĲˣ໥£ûʾһ˻Ȼı˹
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ѾӺڣ˵ܵſһһƥԶȥûˣһ㶡
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ֿһһƽȻ䣬յĵϣѪûжסһһεϵΣ¶ĵ档
Ȼɱ飬ʱͬһ¼ΪԼһɱһĵðһɺ
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94 һ
Ҿʱ͵һȣӡಡһǰȥǰȻǰѵʹˡ
һ򷨡Ҳҵæһͬʱٵյ
һںֵĵҪ֮ʣֱӰѵˣ˻ͬʱûͣסΣ͵ļ٣ץס˻ûпʼĵ󣬾һֱӻӵֵ
ָղһȥһ߾;ٵӦͿû󣬾ΨΪԵĻԼģռƣ㲻ܿĵҲӡ
ûܻ֣һĿĵԼһɿ־ֱţһҽ֮
һֺһͳ˳Ȼѹûһܹȥһ߰ѵ뵶ʡ
ܿ죬һ˫ͨݷ׷ȥ
߾ʣºĺһ˿졣
ڹ˰ٴ׼ѳְʱǰ·һƬԼ˹
˰ٴһȻϸ£һϲһ֧Ӵͨݷˣͬ顣
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ǱһңּӲԶˣҲԸֿʼ١ֻǰ·ˣֻٵϻۡ
һĻᣬ˰ٴӽӽӣǰӹˣȥԮСﵲסˡ
˵꣬õһӽβһۣƣֿ̬ʼ
ӽ˵ôһ٣±ֻȫȻǰȥ
ȻеģӰˣԽԽĴ
ʱ֧ѻϵٵˣʮĸʮƥһƬ
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ʱ򣬹˰ٴѾ˲֧ӵһͿʼ١
Ⱥһ˰ٴһ˾͸ҶԳʮˣʱŭˣ۵ĽС
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˰ٴǵȻҲˡǣǾûܹ˰ٴǾȫ׷ӽǵĶһ׶Ρ
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ʱ˫ཻӦԪʹǹպֱһһ֮¸ʹ
Īƥ֮ʱѼӦԪ¶һ˿ЦֻҪһغϣӦԪɡ
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ӦԪһգһߴתһ۶ֱ۵ļˡʱûʱμ˿ڣֻüͷˡ
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ӽʱѾܵеڵأͷֲ嶫ֻŬֲ
ղű˰ٴһͣǵٶֻԶ˰ٴһߵûܵӰ죬ӿٶȱܡ׷ӽûһ֮ˡ
ͨݹ֧һŸˣҲѷ
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95 
ǳԾĿǰ֧ӿߵ龰ûͣǼٳ˹֪죬߲ơ
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ӦԪһ׼ӭսʱûȻһ˹ٵǻԶٵˡ
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ӦԪϵӽʱ˰ٴյӽߣһҹڸֱ۵˿ڡ
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߱һҹһһȵȣΡ
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ӽһ߿ͷƤ飬ö۰ͷڵϺ󣬺Ȼһ£æȥѼͷӲ˲Ѫһһãû⡣
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ӦԪȴܹӽƣȻӽǻģҲǵĵʵؿڵҪô


96 
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һ£һ챣ӡԭ˰Ǳͨ塷棬պⱾ飬Ȼֱ·û˵Ƥ⡣
ӦԪҹնŵӽɶ⡣
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˰ٴ˿Ϊ֮ǰûмʱѪ̫࣬ղŻصٵʱҹսӦһѣûˤǿ֮ĩˡ
ھȶ飬ֻ廹
ӽ°˳Ȼסؿڵİż˵һѣǼ˳
ͷ⣬һͷԭĪΪһõļҲǱȽټͷ
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ǰӽ
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˰ٴӽǸûģı󲻺ŻͲˡ
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˰ٴЩҹȥ׷ЩߵסľáЩǳӽģһҪץסС
һԼѾɥʧսҹǲڣӾΣգ»ԹӵİȫΪֻܻͷ׷Щˡ
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˰ٴҲˣͷ룬ӽӣ˭Թ´ɱ֣Ժ󻹻ΣաС泧ϣϲ¡
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ӽûôȼʾлȻЩ²ﰵԹ£ʷҲھʦһŰʷǽ²ڳ³ء
͢ϣֻǿǱߵİա
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97 űŭ
ʵĻڸ鴺֮£˼ȡеĸ󳼲⣬˵ȡʹ;ˣҪȡ壬̫͢ˡ֪ͨ񣬲ΪϿ̱Ѷء
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׸ɻ˵һҪĽգҲҪ죬ڶҪ˰ɡ
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ж֪ʵ۵˼Щ֪أ嵱ǰơ£ɤ£˲ͨݻؾʦ·Ϯ
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ӽ·ô飬ǴΰǶȿǣǳ棬ǳʵܵġӽ֮ǰ˵סֽ֮ţסԼĶĿ
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ʵ۲ǵķ˵޵ǻ֮󣬰ѳȫأΪθطܰõط޴Ϊʧ
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Ҳ£֮ͻҲ֮Ϊӡ
˵£ǻ֮ʥ֮٣֮

ûвԵģҪ˵ԵģҲУǲ˵ļʣϵˣŲųǹϵ
ã޾͸ϸϸ˵˵֮ʵۿڳΣͿ˵
һԵжȺĳ޵ҧûǣôô


98 ʽɽ
˭˵˵ΪʵĴ󳼡
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100 ӦԪҪ
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101 
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˹˰ٴ󣬳ʵ۶ӽʦҲ˰ɣúϢ쿴¾ҲǨҲУͼסƫˡ
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102 Ԭ
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ȳʵʾӽԼ˼·˵ǮǺǮҶûôǽԬߡ
ӽ֣ճȭͷȻһָͷһѴ̱ʮ֣β˰κ˰Ĺϵǲ˵˵ģֻиٲݸٲϾָ֮ܵӪʳҵ񣬻ϮٲپӪҵʲô¢ϡ
ʲô¢ϣʵʵ
¢Ͼֻ⼸ҿ˶ӽ΢¢֮󣬼һЩ¢ϵȨ۸붨پͶ٣ֻУʳ֮Ʒ򲻿ɵġǮûꡣ
ʵһǮûֱ꣬ž⡣
ӽڶָͷνķϳ˰Գ͢˵ǲ֪˵ֻҪ˰ģһǲġϳ˰գ϶ǶģԿ϶ǻ
ӽָͷӪץ˽ηӣ濴һֳ͢ΪȴǶһִʩǿǵ¢ϵλ̻
ӽĸָͷ̸мԬĹ£Ԭ񻹿˵ô˾֤Ԭģ˵֮ġ̴ܸ˲Ƹ֮ˣҪ̣ǮǮϵΡ
ӽλֵĸָͷĵ㣬ҵĿ
жĺֱ£ԭ룬жòϣ˲˵Ҳе
ʵۺ޲ðЩ͵һȫңԼҲܻ˵޵Ļ޻ء
ӽȻ˾䣺˵ЩƽʱΣ˵˽׬Ǯ
ʵۻһ´վӽʦкΰ취˰⣬Щж


103 з
ʱɫѾȫˣжԾȥѴڵĵƵˣûñ˲֡
ӽûежǺһЦԳʵ۵£֮ǰѾ˵гֶ͹μ۸񼴿ɡ
жһɵöӽ˵˲֪ܲԬ֮һҵȫ˾Ӫɹٸ˲˼Щǿнͼ۸񣿡
ʵӵ޿ԣǸͣǽͼ۸һգҲһ¡
ӽȴҡҡͷ£ǿѹ۲ãǱȻ٣϶׬ȥֻҪǵ¢ϵλ䣬Ͳı䡣
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Ҳã͢õУƶߣȥչʲô취εˣӽȷ˳ʵ۵뷨Ȼһ⣬Ǻ˽⡣
ʵ۾жж֪ǣӽ֮͢⣬ùззַΪ׶ΡТںǰТںκҶΪoľΪס
жԵ˵еĿƶȡ
ΪʲôҪΪ׶ΣǺܺôжôһ˵ӽҲзֻ˽һѣݱ䡣
Ϊ˵֮ػֿܻΣҪŶӵȺ֮˵Ȳ𣬳Դ˷սȲѣֱֻ͢յ֮ٲ֮ԼжϸĵĽ͵
ΣôеģЩӶвӽЩ˵Ϊее޷
ʦγԣʵ۲ʵ
£ҸҶ϶Ҷ俣϶̴ˣˣӽתжһ⡣
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ǵģڽձƽԭ
ˣΪıĴĻҲǿյӾ翴ˣӽСһӵ̨ʡ
ʵѾ˺ö⣬ٿˣ۾ʾӽ͡
£ֻΪѹ͸˷ӣ⡣ȫʳβЩȴûô۳ֱԳ͢ʵһôûУЩٵģЩȴкô
кκôжӹӽĽɫӽ
һĲɿطգֱǽԼ˳ɱ
ڶʳ֮йظĹԱ̰㣬Ҷкô
͢յ󣬲֮ȥʱйعԱֿƯûһ㡣
ģ֮غ󣬵׻öȥһ⡣
ӽܽԣƹˣʵڳ͢˵Ƿǳǵġ
ʵӽķôһ˵̺ӴĹԱգ߾볯͢ԩͷѹЩԱڴ˴θ¸̲ѡ
ʦ뷨˵ɣ޵Ȳˡʵ۾ź⣬סһҪɵĽһڴš
£Ļ֮һȽϾ뷨˵¿Ƿӽǫĵ
ʦӣ޿ٺ»ʵۼװӽ
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˲֪ܲж͵ۿʵۣûһ˿Լ˵Ļֵ˼˵ɽγΪζʱΪˣڲֻİˡ
ʵ֪һо񻧶󣬵û룬أһ
˭֪ӽȴǺһЦûϵ϶ǻȥˡֻҪǸıߣǻȥǸǻӲӣʱζ
ʦ˵ʵæŷԸӽ˵
ǵζԣùζôֻҪξͳɡ͢ô涨ζһҪٻΣЩκٽΣԻ⽱Խ࣬Խࡣ˭κãͽһӣȻ˵η̸ˣҲȥζɵö࣬úãжǮͶࡣ͢Ҳˡ
ʵӽĻϸϸһᣬɵȻǸ÷ʵζ֮вԭǳ͢涨ζεķ磬ΣһҪζεķԱƲֹζ˽Ρ
Ȼ£Ҫ֮ǰҪЩˡ¶Ǳɻ¡ӽ˵жȻֵڳ³ɽһɵ֮ȥһöͽֱලӦûõ㡣
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ӽȴǱ˵ô£μ󣬲û˽εռ䣬ȥÿ˰룬μϰյɱռΪͣڳ⣬·ǱµĵǸ磬·㴩һ˶ûҪ棬ûپ·ܾġ
ʲôϰô·Ǹ·ôֵǮʵۺжһе㲻š


104 з´
ǰкһֵطϰգ·˻ٲ󲿷ֵطϰնǴ˵㣬߲ϲ˾ˣûҪӽ˵ʱһű˵ɶᶼ·֮ľ
ȻЩʵǸĸ￪֮飬ӽСʱҲǴ򲹶·ġ
ֻǣΪ˵⣬ͼõʱ˵Ҳƭˡ
ÿÿϰնʵ۱ˣеڳԡ
Ҳֳܹʵû棬ҪϢ߶ʮһͰʮҲûж˻š
඼رŮ˵·ӣȻֻΪ˺òÿͰ·ˡӽ϶ĵͷ
ôأʱƥǮн׵ģǮˣ˵·ͲƥһжǾ޷
ûʲôܵģֻҪŬһȥҲпʵ֡ӽʼջʵˡ
ʦ˵Ҫôʵһʵ֣ϰղԣԼǧһʥ˰
ȺڵԣŬ߿Ƽչӽһն˵
ʵۺж˵ôôһ¡ӽĻ̫Ĵס
ʵۼеضӽʦܲĻϸϸ˵һΣ
û⣬¡ʵͺ͸ղһ˼·ӽʼϸϸ͡
ԣζһʳκ󣬾ͿʼּԭǶͶãΪյȻͲùٸȥѹϰ£ԼȥӰӵȥԻȡ档
ʵۺжͷ⡣
Ŭ߿ƼƼʵı¡ܡӣϰΪ˵õͻԼ취ȥĥȥʳε취ĥˣǾܵõһͬʱ͢͵õõʳΣó͢취ʳξżˡ
ӽбҪص˵ƼΪǷǳҪһ㣬Եġ
ǣ˵Ƽʵ˵ˣǸиҵļܡղ˵ӣζεļܡչũôֳóԵʳֹôõĻǹõĴڣĸ
ӽ˵ͣԳʵۺжص˵ǵҸʱֻôôҲǿƼһ֡
ʵˣܽʦ˼˵ҪǵļܣõĶˣ۸ͻϰվ𣿡
ӽﰵ
жҲʵɵɵڣһ߲ĶԽ࣬õԽߣԽˡ
ԣĹǣʵǰиҵеˣǵļܣпƹԡӽ϶ǵ˵Ȼְѹĸй㷺˵㡣
ƹԣһʣʵ۲ԸԼ뷨ȥ⣬ֱʵ
ǰյļܣԼˣ̻ܽҲᣬҶѧļܣֽƹԣֵӦùּܡԽ̻һˣʹΪ׬Ǯһ̵ָˡӽ͵Сİרںǣ˳
ףѧͽȻҪТʦˡʵ۵ͷ
ӽûжһλ䵽ʵԺСΪЩһλĻ⡣ʷݱḶ̌̿ͲǺǡ
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дչ˼ǣҪĶȥǮҪƷͨƷͨʵҵҪؾ̣֮ͨޡ
ʵ˵ͷʦ˵Щһõǰʵʵû˼򵥣ҪʵֵĻҪкܶҪ˷ġ
㣬ʵۻѵʶġΪʵۣ̫飬ʵȴܴ
ʦղ˵Щ޴۽硣һʵӽʾ
ӽʵ˵úοԼĿˮûа׷ѡôһ֮ôһʶڣ͵һӣԼˣҲɡ
жʵۺӽ̸Ѹһ䣬̲ס˵£ѹʱܾˣýˡ
ʵˣŷԼҲȷʵӶˣЦЦӽʦ˼ÿζʱͷһŰɡ
ӽûͳʵ۳ԹڻסϽԷѵġνˡ
ʵȴָӽʦйľʩдһɡȺͻ۴£ʵʩ
ӽͷ˼ĶԳʵ۵£ؼˡеֲд
ʵܲԼдɣжʵ飬ղʦ˵й飬㶼ǵô
ǵã¡жش
ãддʦĿ£޸òʦһݼɡʵ
ǣ¡
˸ˣӽ
жǱ߻˽ʼԸˡӽԼĴӲ֪¬Ǳôûеõ¬ʶֻɫҲûϢֻܵˡ
ʵŵʱҲûŹӽһ߳һ߾֮ǰĻһЩʱ뵽˽⵽Ķӽһһ˻ش
ӽ극󣬾ͺжһȥ¡ĸзһϵôԵɶд档
æЩѾҹˡµȻжߣӽ˫׼˯
ʱӽŷ֣Լ©ˮ;еˡˣô࣬ʵ̫ۣĶʵ´˵ɡ
ӽǳ˯ˣҹעǾʦܶ˵Ĳ֮ҹ


105 æƺ
ǸνϵطѫڵᶽӪ
Ǹ룬ƽʱ»ͦģҲ˷ġôز겻飬һβͣҪԼȥ
ȻһͷˣǲޡȻǸûѵ˹ԼҪһСҪǣ鷳ʹˡϵĶӦòưոݵġ
ѫ˼ʱš֨һƿˡ
軹ûժͷŭĻƮ˹һȺɱĸûз˶ɱˡ
ѫ֪᲻⣬ûʧ̬ûžˣԶƽʱӡе
Ȼ龭ʱҲй뷨һȺʮ߸ˣɱĸȺ֪ˣɱĴܶء
ıԹѫҲ֪ôֻͣӭȥŷͷ
ûԼֱӰͷһȥӱˡ
ѫڨڨЦݣȥԱ¡
ɤѫſˮҪɱǸ˲ֵٴ׬ڣ͵ʴסպãְѶͽųˡе㲻ûаƨɲɾ
ġѫ¡
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ѫĵһҲˣԼֲ¹ٹŵģֻǺϵԼѾ̬ˣôףҪһܲܺú˵ƨɲĨɾһҪµģԺ·˭˭
ѫôһ˵һһģȷй¡ֱѫһ˵һϵզҪ⣬ԼҲǱͷŵˡ
ǣ軺ѫ˵ۼһʱ鼱˵㡣ô£ۼ˵˵ɲС°
ѫͲټƽϣҲԼû¡ش֪˲ǲ·»˵Ǹ˲ؿڣõ֧ǵʱº󣬵õĻرһ鶼ûСҲҪɵˣӪҹվЩһ𣬾ͱ˲ӹһˡ
龭Ҳ˲󣬲ĵĲҪƺ
ѫ֮أҵĿʲôֻ˵ɣ
ҵѾһȥɱ˲ɱˣﻹһЩЩ֣͢˳ϣǣң
ѫ׼˵ĿģͱˣЩ֪ɵˣ
֪㱻͢ҾܸЩ飬ͱҷˣȻ˸źͷĿϵΣһЩ顣м֪ҡ
ʲô˼趢ѫ
ҵ˼ǣЭץɳӪеţ߰ҵЩɳȥѸˣ󻼡ѫݺݵ˵
û˵ǰ۾ת棬ϸϸоľ·
ѫ֪ڿԼ飬ûд
һᣬ˵СһҪڣɾӪֱӳڣǺ˲ûĹϸȥЭץע⡣
ô죬ЩԽԽá
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ȴľظĶϴҲУƫƫͳ©
ѫæظȥ֪ͨ˳츮֪ȻûȥΪѾһͷʱڳˡ
ҲϻȥһҪȰŽ飬һ߻ȥԼĸɶûڸϵԼ
صϵʱĸɶӹȻѾƫԼˡ
ϽϽǵϢûƽʱһȴɥɵӽûֵ˼ƽʱҪõʦܴҲûʲôϢǸ˲ǻˣ̸ʱ˶˳Ļġ
ѵǱϲ©ϢˣеԾĲ²
ɵĺˣӼӦûСΪ飬ϲ˳ġ֤
ƽʱҪע⣬ǧ˷ѵڵϢ©趣
ǣɵ
ãӺ߰ɣԺҪ飬ͲҪˣŵ㶫ͽˡ
ǣɵ
ߺúܶطգͽ޿ײ룬һҪһʧСֿʼϸڣȥһֱ췢ž̫۶׼˯ᡣ
û룬û˯ţֱˣ˵˳츮֪
֪Ϊʲôæ𴲣һƣȥӼ֪ˡ
Ҳ֪ţ裬ǽ֪Ϊѹ칫޷
Ǳ֪󣬾ܵʵ̫ˣϣܿͬΪٵķϣɳ־ӪȥæټطϱһݣҲǼǧӣһҪЦɡ
΢£ʹӦһϻ㱨һ߾Ͱ׼ɳȥװ뿪ҰϸѫṩĵַǰѨ
ھӪѨһ򣬾ͨɽķҲһǰĿҲǴɽꡣ


106 ˿
˾ĶӣΪ磬˴ͷջ
ӦԪȻӹһ٣֪βͽܣҲˣûкϣ˵ӹ˱ˡ
ҲֹڴˣΪûձ׷ٵ·ʮصһط׷ϲϳܻ
źǴǼûжã֪Ǻˡ
󲻳ָʹˣѺȥѨǷջ
ܿǴڵɽʱΣڶֶɽвtڵ顣
ոߵ˾͵Σȴźš׼ȥѲtڸɵ֪ͨ˵ȣذһ򾡡
ҪΪҪȡʱ䣬ĻҲͲùڲtڵģֱӺΧ͵ãھ鷳˵㡣
֪ã̫һֱǱɽûһ춯
СɽʱȻһֻ˿ûзֱȫעڷ෴򡣻˰ɣӲֱɽġ
һֱΣȥˣĻʲôأ
ˣȱɣƻĹء
Ǹ׼תʱһݣ͵˹ȥͬʱӡ
ѹû뵽ˣֱԴˣһȵ顣
һɵվԭȵĵطղſķ
Ȼһֱ֧ѶʱѾˣԭǾӪ
ĵıǻ죬Ӫʲôʱôˡ
ֵܲ˻ҪкģһЩ飬ҪġǣͿʼߣߵһת䴦ʱÿɽС㳡
ѾȺûɽľΪɻֵǻˣ׷׺޷ӭ˳
Ϊ˱ⱻǷ֣Ͻӡ
ӭܿͷֲԾûһƱĳ£ļ٣û˿ļ
վǾɲʱ򣬾ӪǰЦŸ߾Щ޷
Ӫ˾ɱûкֿɱ֮Ĺֹɱ¾Ҫץڡʱֹ㳡Ѿûлŵˡ
Ȼ˾ӪһͷĿڷԸҷŻ𣬰ոɾлӳ𳡵ͳͳɱ
һְҵое㲻ԣû۲졣
ЩӪǶҪݣŻȼеķӣɱӳСŮȫûŹ
ƽԽԽ󣬻ӳҲԽԽ٣ҲûܳСϨ󣬾Ӫֿʼ̽Ƿлڡ
Ȼжת׼ӦԵʱ򣬲ŷǶͬ顣ԭǼþûźŷл⣬Σһӿ
æȻַȥ
µȺӪѲеطûٷֻڣХһȫȥûȥĲ
˿٣Ҳǲ˷ɡ
ķҲˣӪʲôʱôǮĲˡ
ķӷɽȷϾӪѾԶȥ֮󣬲ŸԶͬ鷢źţȻȥǷ
һ㶼Թ콻þʦָԸû¶õĶмĶһѻУҲΪҽˡ
ȻҲʲôõŶ˹󣬿ϤһжΪҽʶҲѪСʱŭĿгݣŭ
ղ֧Ӿôһʱ䣬ͰȫɱˣջСǹٸڳԺڣɱЩ޵ֿĸ档ʱ֪Ǳɱ˵ġ
һͷǰ棬˵ˣղ˶ǾӪڵġ졣
üͷһ壬ûпӪˣôһҧǾӪءǣʵݵúܸ档
죬СǰֵܺȾƵʱ˵󣬵걻Χ֮ʱӪһԺĵˡγǮһ;ӪйϵҲֻɰɱһɶͷ
ǰĳǻܾӪж󡣱һ֪Լ䵽ٸ˵Լȴֻֽɱڣľˡ
ȺôӪŹһʱʲô֮ġȴһ֪ˡ
ҲͲʣ㲻֪ڵۺӪѲ˹ϵ
ðЩ㱨뵽ټͼѰͬţ˸װɶӣʦȥҳ
ӽһҲʼæµˡƿǶ˰ٴûⲹӽ
ӽİʵܼ򵥣ֻһӣʣµ͸Ȼֿտգһˡ
ʵ⡰˲ֵ͸жҲ˽Щ֮⣬ʶ˶֪ӽһҡ
ӽһ鷳ˣָϽ²ŰҪã͢ȡڣʲôǨ¾ʽͳͳʡԣҲˡ
˲Ůںһ˶ѣյ֪ͨɨɾ׼ӭһ졣


107 Ǩ֮ϲ
ڶӵĴ£ӽ˶ֵļҡſڴֿԼʮң˸һ޴ʯʨլ
ӽſھ֪ԼǸլǸˡ
ſѾһȺˣӽ׷׹ӭ
ӽһϽǰһԭԼЩˡ
ͷںӽˣڳƣӭ
ӽɲԼϽں˵ȡ
ںһ߰ӽýȥһԼĶ춫ĹٲƵŰǣȥ
ʱ˰ٴϵˣԶԶľͺϲӽǸˣȻӽҪ͵ϲܹӽ˵ġ
ӽһ˹˰ٴ˹ϲϽӭȥҲƽݵĲ죬ƨǼͷˣҲ׷׹
ſһ󣬾լȥ
ӽȽţںլӲ֡ǹ˰ٴ̧ӺҵķۣٺǼŮںϱӡ
ӭһˮĥשĵӰڣŷںסĵطԼʵŷ
ź󣬶ǵǿŵġȻߵĲլϵĴţ˴ţһԺӣǶ᷿䣬ŮڳһҾס
߼䣬ɣ滹ɷǱߡ
ӽҲ˼ʱϸϸιֻۣں΢¡
ú󣬷۰ӷ£ҹϡ
Ůæȥ˲赹ˮдˡӽﰵпҪ֧ԼĴӣȻ͹˰ٴۺںһ㡣
ûһᣬſšӽе֣Լô͵˭ݷԼǣסҪȥſڿںԼȥơ
ſһڣ¬ӦԪһȺӡ
ԭӦԪ֪Լ÷Ҫ¼ң¬˵Ҫæ
¬֪ӽƼԼжģӽǨ֮ϲҲһף¡
¬ڸʱ֪ˡںӽĽ飬ȻҲˡ
ףӽȻǸ˵ģæý
Ϊȸû뵽˻ףأûʲôˣһôˣչ˲
ӽۣΪӽӶ˲Ϊˣòȥæдں¬ӡӽôˣڼңȻͲûˡҪ˵ں¬Ǵ̿ͣ˭š
ʸϣںԺȵģ˵ӪǱߵ࣬Ͼ͵øϻȥ
һãʸϣλȻӽһ㡣
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Ѿ֪ӽյ飬֪飬һ¾̡
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ӦԪԼĴӣҪصˡֻɱ࣬Լδϼǰ˵˵ӦԪı£ڴӽҵ
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¬ôһ˵ҶǺǵЦЦӦԪе㲻˼ˡ
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¬˵⻰ʱ򣬻۾ڣ˼ӽôԼĴƼеλء
Ȼ¬˼Ҳ֣Ŷ³룬΢Цſӽôش
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ӽ£ûʵ˵ֻװصй¶
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ӽһ£ڵգ˹к֧ҹСӡɸαʾ
ںǺһЦȲɱҲһȻҲٲˡ㻹ļϷȥԽȥˡ
ҲУʱ̵ôԺˣǣϾǾ֮ӽ
ʱע⵽ϵңһʲ֪ǻϴ͵ġ˲ϵ˶ӽ̶ּܳһʶ
һ˻Ӫ飬ھǣ¬Ҳ漴һǻӪ
ӦԪʱԼӵĸۡιһȻ÷ǣҪϻͨȥ˺ȥ¬
ӽֱˣǲøɻˡһŮӦԪһȥͨݣչ˰ɡ
ӦԪӽΪ룬οҲûƴǡ
ӦԪʦԼ÷򣬻õʵ۵ĽӼʿĳٿˡֻ¬ʶ˾иְֵλǴˣȻҲˣǺֵġ
ӦԪ˷á˰ٴȻʹɫöΧסڳ


108 ѡ
ӽܲһ߿ţʹ˰ٴôˣ
˰ٴһҧʮ¾Եʰɡ֪˻ӽ󣬸Сġشӽӣ˽ŲӯػṦ򡣡
֮ǰʱڳ󶼶ûȻͨûʲôڳԵıˣͱ˰ٴ쳣
ӽʣ˰ٴʱΧмڳʲôˣӽ˲ʲôĿģ
ڳе㾪ȣе֣̿æûʲôĿİҵмӵľ֮ԸԸΪӵļ͡
Ĺ˭˽ģ
һ·ϵ̵ģʱϺҼҾʵȼǸϵϵΪͽҶһЩ֮áںҲæӽ͵
ϵ
Ҳֻ֪ϵϵĽжѡں
˰ٴţ֮ʱӽںӪõʮ֮˵ǷЦŶԹ˰ٴ˵ˣĻ
ںмؿӽ˰ٴӽˣĵõԭסںεأʵΪ˲İȫ롣
ںæϺҪ棬ϺϣԭΪһϱ̵ƹΪϴʶȽ϶㣬֪ν²ƲƣЯҴʦѡԭһЩ̲ھʦ֧ż£˭֪·ˣһĲʣҪϺţϺҲѲˡ
úõһӣת۾ΪЩںĻ˵㱯
ʵں˵·ˣˣɢ
˰ٴϸںԭȵסַ׼÷ۻͷʵ
ӽ֪˰ٴôΪԼİȫ룬֮ǰù˰ٴеСʱȴ͹˰ٴ·
ںǱ˵ˣղẒ́ϺȮ̹ңһ򱨹Ӿ֮ȮԶΣգҲɵֵһ
ȻѾһˣӽҲҪʩǣںҲãмӣȻ򣬾Ұɡ
ӽӪںһҵʱ򣬹˰ٴҲڳġپôһʻеϢںһǻ⡣ҪַٺʵҲΪһѡ
˰ٴʾΧŵķɢ˿Ȼ˵ĹҪµģǰûУ
ڳʱ˵ķݣæصûֻԼڼġ
˰ٴˣͰһ³ںĹ
Щܱжʵ۵ĴˣȻġ³һڳ֣ȻʵսḻĻ³ķۻǶ֡
˰ٴһ߿ҲͷӽӣСĿԵӵĻֻǵľʵսľ黹ȽǷȱС˼ȥǶѵá
ӽȻûˣԼȥҰȫѵ֮õ顣
ӽںӡ൱ںľ⣬壬Ĺܼңҿżҿô
ںһҡĹܼңһôȨƵĲܼңһ˶ӵĴڡ
ûɶˣںĵֺãϴо飬˭£ӽǿָܼҡںӵ˼ҲͲƴǣ˵Ӧ˲¡
ôһղŻе㽣ŵֱϲˡ
ӽȻ뵽ԼǻһЩôȥӪҪкʵģҲ͢ˣһá
ӽ͸˰ٴ˵뷨ҲÿԣӪʮˣҪߡ˸ʵģӦòѡ
ӽӷŵԼҺóһںʹáµʱӽٲ˺˶ԡ
ںӽ㱨ÿ˶ǮǷʣǰͨ˼ҵı׼ġʾڹĶﻹӵƷȵȡ
ӽҲǵһεһ֮ͷԷͣںԼţ֪Ͳ˵Ȼ˽²ȢˡܰЩ¶档
ׯصĹҺóʵ֮ӽʹŹ˰ٴͶǰȥӪѡ
ӽ˵˼ҪƷҪãҺʵǿ׳ṦãмСȣһԼ̫壬мСڸģһ㶼ȽϿɿǸ͢ģһһ
˰ٴͰӽҪǼǼǲ֮󣬾ȥǼǲ
ǼȥǱģʵ£ȻҪˡ˰ٴ뷨
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ӽһߺŲ裬һܻ㱨Ӫ
Ӫӽһʱ֮˵ǲܳԱܶˡ̿Ҳ㹻ִӳͽӪʣůҲ˲١
ÿҲ˰ס̫˲ġֻ֮ǰǴˡ
Ӫеİھ߶ˣһǻϣһ˲ܻЦŶӽֻҪȥӪһ֤࣬񶼻ͷ
ӽһ͸ܹȥӪˡϲ˹ݵˣҲϲͷˡȥϰչݣûȺá
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ӽôһ˵ԼΪһ֮Ҳ׼һݹĺҿ£Һý컹ʮ¶ʮţǴʮȥҲں׼һݣһϲϲĻ
Լ˰ʱ˰ٴ߰˸˹ӽĿмСģʣµǹ
ӽŶԣ඼ͶҪˡȻ˼ǼСظȥ
ص˲˶һ֡
ӽһȥӪǸĸˣӦòˣһꡣ
ѡӶڸϢ죬¼óĵطȹ꣬ȫȥѵ
æЩ󣬹˰ٴҪǻؼҡ
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зӽԺӱܷ紦ɹ̫żæţðһִ˵еϲƵĸо
ӽʱʱ򣬳ʵ˹گӽ


109 
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ӽЩˣ²Ӧ顣
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Ŷ˭⣬˵ӽһûС
һֱǻֱܵģڴ£һֱȽͷۡԴԬȥְ֮˰Ͻ½
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ûһͱʵ۽£˵ľ֮¡ȿ£ȻжĽ֮£θ£һµʶ
Թμ۸µڹңڰյĹ棬ȴֲòе
Դӵ˴Ĺܼ֮ĿͷˡԼ׵ܵܣΪգö
һսľѲһֺղ˰Ҫ˰֣г͢ڵĶֵ˲Ϊ˰ա⻧治˵ģ⻰޵Ķ䶼Ҫˡ
ڶԱ˵ֻҪӹģһ˫˫֧֡
¼Ȼ׼߹ͰյˮƽȻǸ֣޲ʵʩһЩ⣬ʡ
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ϿӽϿҵʵ˲˵Ӵʳβ֮ǲ˵ζײּ͢ûǮ
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վԼǶȣζųֳ͢ŵյ˰ȥζǮ˰Ҳʣ޼ˡȻ֪ҪʵеĻʱʳβıԶ׼ġ
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һ⣬ˣòУ׼ʻʱӽ˵ˣæʦк⣬
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ӽ˼£˵Գ֮͢˰ʳս߾֮ضһˣҪ϶֣˲жȻ͢ԶţҲҪһģԴ򣬰¾һһһڼӴʳβ͢й󣬿Գŵʱڰһϣϡ
һ仰һϡҲҪУʳ˴ҵɻ
ӽЦЦ͵ԺˣܾҪֿʳΣģʳβһĲֿʳΣỨһʿ֧άҲҪɱʱЩ̾ʱԶһȱʳΣͲŶһڹٲ֣ңװ˳͢ĸ⣬ڲһĻһô
кκôûʵۺͱͬʵĻںǺЦһƬõڵոǢʵһ㲻ûУֻҪܽ⣬޶ϲ
ӽҲˣڲһ˵͢еһ˾ġǲȱԳܲܶ͢һ
ڲһҲǳ͢ûοɶҶô죿ʵûˣĻʻ
ӽںĵǾӱεĹٸְ
˳ʵ⣬˶һҲݵġʵȴϲţ
ӽһ߽͵ˣԵó͢ĵˣòεĹԱľְ
ôһ˵ҵҲǺбҪˡ˵ʵڳ͢ڸզģ˼ӵҲ
ڵڶȥʳһƣֻҪϰԼȥһֻҪĿͳɣĿ̫СĻǲáȻĴҪΣҲû⣬ӭ͢ҪľǴʳֺΪʴ²ʵǻòô
ν⣿ǳʵˣܹĴ̵⡣


110 ϸ
Ϊǲô۸ϵɱͣȻΣˣǾҪԼĳɱӽ͵
ЩǴгõĽǶ⣬ڷ⽨Ტ͢ĹԱù˹ٱλ˼룬ֱӣǻῼôࡣ
ɱ;ĳɱҪиƽ⣬þߴƲǻɶǿƣҲܻᶯҡӽ˵˳ˣԾİҲ˽
һˣԼĶ³룬΢Цŵͷ˲˷гˣܿǵ㡣
ôӽһ̨ģ̨˵ս
£ʱû뵽ˣҡҡͷ
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£һЩҪȷӽûˣԼ⡣
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Ϊרҵʿ϶Դ˱ȽС
ŶҲһҪרҵʿ˵ҪȾг飬Ŀǰ棬ղμ۸˽μ۸񣬸۸ȵݣЩҪֻݲŻȽϷϸ棬Чﵽá
ӽŴνרҵʿҲǹεļԴ⡣ɴ࣬ͻ˸˵ķʽϣоԱݵӡ
ӽ֮Ժӣԭй˽⡣ĴѧͬѧϷʲôĶܺãΪԸݵĲӣ̫ͣĹ˾չصݹϵȼ辭飬˺ݵȵȣﵽһõƽЧϷһ³Ϊ˵𱬵Ϸ֮һ
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111 ˮ
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112 һ
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ʵˣͷȻӽʦΣ


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ȱ˵֮ӽ΢ЦףȻԳʵ۵£ļһ仰Ҫ븻··ãͨ͢˰٣㶫Ǯѣ㶫ãҲѡ
ʵ۲Ǻӽ˵⻰Լ֮ǰʵкιϵʵʦ˼ǣ
רŵĻרְ·Ҳ˳Ǯӽ˵ԼĿģȻֽ͵ȫ·ԭйٸĻΪףԭжһعٸԭͲ࣬һ漸ְҪᵢԭе飻ڶ·רҵ°빦
ӽĻ˻ᣬҲԳʵ۵£·һ¹ϵؼʮʱ顣Ϊ˲˵͢ӵһһרŵĵ·ţܹܸ·ԼˮӪ
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ʵۺԥķԸжһҪϲ飬ˮʯ
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˰ٴ˳˼·󣬰̾ʮµҲȥϢˡ
˵ӽϽǻԼĲҲûϢ
ǸŮٶȻں㱨һİԼ˵ӽҪ顣
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ӽҹèϰ߻ûиĹ԰ҹҲò
ֻǿŮӽ˼µҹӽ¯ղˮĥīˣǸоǰ̫ˡ˵ӽҲľˣԣûһ˿Թ֮⡣


114 Աٺ»
ӽһᣬ˼·ץëʣ׼ǵֽϡ
д˼ֺӽǷˣ˵д֣ëд֣ġװдС˵㣬һһīȥֽͷˡ
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ӽôһȺˣд֣ҡҡͷȴ֮С
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µȺôһ˵ǺǵЦ״Ԫû̡
ӣǸνأںǱȽ
ӽûлش⣬£Լ֮ǰյǸǱЦúֱܼӽеģ
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ӽһѵԼЦ̫ˣѹӵĻˡ
ӽԽˣߵԼǰĵȥһЩľ壬ţŰһģҪ񣬱һͿԣһҪ⻬Ȼī֭ͿڡһЩСľ壬ôҲһô
ӽһ˵һ߱ȻţѺڰ˵
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㲻㸺Ҽ˰㿸ľ塣ӽֱӰ̯
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ںʾе㲻⣬ӽûʾ֮ȻˡתԵµһȺ˵׻˵ϣѧϡŮ٣ѧ˭Ҫѧÿ죬Ҿ¡벻ϽģԼŰɡȻӽͽɢˡ
ĵ˼ȥæľ飬ʮģľҲס
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ǲҲ֪εĹ󰡣Լľڰʵ۽Σ˼ľ
񲻶԰ʵ֮ǰ˵Աٺ»ֻҪʱȣݻ͹õġҲӵİɣٺ»Σͳˡʵ˵Ĳԡӽ뵽
ʵӽҪȢϱҵȥһٺ»һ롣
⿿ٺ»ǲҵġӽ
Ӳ֪ǴĹԱҪٺ»Ļֻмˣǵǻ󡣡ںһӽĸиţͽԼ˽⵽Ҳֻڱ֮
Ϊʲô
Ϊ۰ԽԽ󡣡ں˵ʶҿȴְӽ󶫳ļ˹Ϊһ˶ھ跶Χ
ȻӽԵһԭ򣬾ǳ͢ǰ֧Աٺ»ʱǸⶫһǮֵûһ
ӽںôһԣˡ֮Ԫ谶ĹԱٺ»ӦǹԱġ
ʱƣۿʼǣʼֵԱͥ˿ڵ࣬ŵνĴĹԱٺ»̫Ͷܹ
ӽ룬³۸ߣԱʵٺ»ͣͥ˿ڻ࣬ѹ󣬿ǵٺ»ߵһˮƽУֻĺܶĸŻٺܶ


115 ѧ
ӽ뵽ʱˣ˼άתصµ顣
΢˼£ӽںҪģѵһ꣬Ҫ˼µġǮû취ȥ׬ģõġ
ںӽ˷ԸҲǱȽϸˣл˹ӡ
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ţӣҪ棬֪ӵλǷ׼ˣںе㲻ÿ飬ʵǲ֪ӵֻˡ
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˰죬ʵ벻ô˵ֻñˣ壬κΪ¶֪ڸĸô죿˵ﰵĶİĸĸ˵Բˡ
ǽֻˣϼ׾ɹӿʼӾǷ׵ںʾ
ҲãǾˡӽͷ
ںʾȥ׼ˣӽģͶںİָ¾顣
ӽеģۣԺﶺż͵ļС档С棬ܴ۵ĸˣûƣֻд档
ĵЧʻߵģܿľ壬һ⻬ľ壬ֻСľû㵽
ӽҲ⣬ʼָĥīˮڰ塣ľһ֮󣬾ͷŵһɡ
֮ӽѸＸͽϴ˶˹һŹ졣ʵҲ̫ϣʮˣӪģʻеġͨЩ˵죬ӽ֪һЩϸڡ
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ǣøĽ˰Ѻڰ̧ǰܵһдֵĸ߶ȡȻں˶ټ׼ʾΡ
Ҷӽ˵ڿγ˺棬׷׷ͷ飬ԺＯϡ
Ҳںڰˣ˲Ҫʲô
ӽ˶ˣͶԺ˵һҪϽȥɻûʱϿΡҾʾôúڰ۱ѧˡ
ԺһˣСӣĿ˲Ķһ˿©
ӽڰдһһ֣ȻתԵ˵һ֣ɫ۱дڰϣҶܿһһˣһѧộһȺˣҲộûʲôͽԼֽţīˮ
ӽתֲһ֣˺һǿȻдϡһ֡
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Ľӹ۱ʣһֻͷһȺ˶עرǸƯŮҲһ˫ĿԼʱһ˷ܣ׼úñ¡
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ӽЦЦʾ⣬ļ
ת׼ӳӽʱתͷµļˣ鵽˼ҲЦſԼϾתд׼Լ
ιȻûжϷ۱ʣںڰϿʼдһӽڱһȻˡ˰ǿЦıݡ
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ںӿŲԣҪסˣ֪ʲô˼ɲܻ˹ӵĺ£ֻ濴ıݡ
أأд˺ڰ壬ûطˣͲӶӽӣûطдˡ
ӽѾ̲סˣԼһ֮Ӧׯص㣬ǣһ߱Цһߵȷϣûд


116 մɳ
е飬Լǰչӽ̵дİӦû뵽ͷûд
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Ѿ֪Լдˣ֪ˡһȷ֣һǺ죬ϡ塱һˣֻ޵ݡ
ԭֲĺᣬԼȴΪĺᣬᣬôǰ֪ô
ӽڼСӵͷȥٿǺȻûЦ˼Ķ˵ģЩ鲻Լô򵥣ΪǡԺͷصģҪѧ룬Ҫǫ飬ô
ͬĻӲͬݵλ˵ЧͲһ磬ղӽ˵Ļǰĺκ˵ģ˵Ҳûжܡ
ڣĺȻùӰԼӾӪԼ棬ֲ䷳Ľ̵ԼǶͬ죡ǣĵͷӣˡԺҲˣҪһҪͷأ
ӽûô棬صͷȻתԺ￴ϷĹ˵£ǸѵѴл֪ϣҲܴѧһʲôֻҪһϣұ֤ǶгͷصĻᡣ
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ӽôһ˵˵Цĵ˼˭ͷأ˭ٹӪ
ӽµȺ˼ӣͶں˵鷳Ժúý̽ǣʶ֡
ںõͷӣȻϺ̻ܽʫԣʶһ̻ǡ
ӽں֤֮󣬾תȥˣܲһүһֱվڰɡ
ĹһȻȥһһ͵еǸ뿴ôģû
ӽȥһ˼Ȼں̻ʶ֮󣬸ҡҪЩ̲ģһЩõĶ̸ǡ
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ʵԽԽľǰûжٸֻ֪ԽԽ£ԼﲻСˣԼǺܸġӽôһ۹һŵӽ˵ŷִĺΣա
£ʶҵĳױ˴֮ĲࡣͿʼҸֻȥѧϰȽĶѧơѰһа취˵˷ϻͯЩĵһˣԺųΪۿһˡ
ӽôһͣʵ۲Ϊʲôӽôˡ
ӽȴǱ߸ʵѵ²ҪСЩѧƣ൱ڷݵĵػиõϢ֮صıر
ʵ۵ͷʾ֪Ҫ
ӽʵԼһͳϿҵĶ˵£ʱ򣬴оȣֻҪöˣߵ·ȷϴΪ˵ղ۹Ҳ¡
ھУЩʦ̽ޡʵ۱վţʱӽһ
ӽһһϽ£ҪǳӦģң룬ҲóԽԭɡһµģ֮⡣
һЦһоڲˡ
˵Ϊֹ֪ıµļ۰򡣡ӽʵ˵
ʵ۵ͷãʦ˵
ݺʷ֮ţñҪļ֣һǾ·棬ں¬ʸϣأ˴֣Эи¬شҴƴܶһ֮ˡȻһЩҲǱ¿õģ˵񣬻ҼҴӦԪ
ӽ˵ӦԪʱһ㸺ûСΪôģӦԪؽسǰʮһվͿԿ
ʦѾˣʵӽԼСӶƼˣ΢΢һЦ׵
η棬ʣںͳĳ򽻵ұᵳӪ˽ɣ޻˵
Ѿˣ䣬Ҳ⡣ʵҲ
ǻ棬ǳ˵ĿƼ棬
Ŷ޻еģʦٸϸ˵˵ʵǫ̵
ǰʿ̶漰Ķһѧϰõʿڵ׼Ҳõѧ֪ʶⷽ棬˲硶ԭд˲Ȼѧ鼮ǡũȫ顷Ȼѧ֪ǺƼչĻӽǷǳͰԼǵõ˵˳
ǰʵ۶ƼʲôʶѾģΪһӽ˵һοƼ飬֪ӽԺˣǿ飬϶ǷǳҪġ
ʵ۶黹˽ģӽôһ˵еɻ˵ԭʦ˵ġũȫ顷ûûмǴɣ
ܼǴԳǵáӽ϶˵Ǳũȫ顷滹кܶõĶһֱΪʲôأ
Ŷ˵Ȿũȫ顷޵ȤˡҪһдЩʲôʵ۱ֳܴȤ
£ҿڲŲУﲻҪԡѧĶƹǴδߵ·ӽеԼıУҪǰ۵Ļ͹Ķʵ۸ӹٽˡ
ʦģ֪һŹĵġҪҸɲģҲӦ֪ǰĳģôʵ۰ο
£Ҳ뵽ˮˡйͣʱˮҪɹˣҲҪʲôŵλþͺˡӽ˸⣬ԺĻ治ô⡣
ʵһ΢΢һӽΪһδıˣܵһΪʵλãĻᣬƷУǴδм
ʵһ±ӽжˣ˾ľΪټͲţһΪǿδУ
ʵ۴Ÿӽãּǰմɳƣһˮ
ӽһɶԼСܣЦ˰ɡ
ӽæƴǣʵׯضض˵ʦ㲻ҪԷƱʦ¬֪ɣټΪЧ㣬ʦҪĳӣҲǴҪˣ
ӽҾһլЌ˿ƽϰһզͳ˴Ҫء
κһ˵֪ʷķչһΪıĵˣ񲻾һ޶Ҫô
ӽˣֱԼ󣬵ԼСܻǲ׵˵˵ʱжˡӽֻðŵһߣйĹеô


122 
ʼʵ۰Լԭ˲Ҫ¡ЦŶӽý̷˾ȥٰ£ֻ·æδʴ£Ҳ֪չˡ
̷˾ǣӽ̷˾ǹٰԺɣʲôͲ֪ˡ
̷˾רְ֮µڣ˲˵Ϸ֮ǽ̷˾٣Ʒ֪ӽףϸ¡
£֮£¹ش󣬳ȥʣеôˡӽʵĽͣתԳʵ۵
ˮ֮δǷҪԶУʵۻǼǹˮࡣ
ǱߵʽҤͶʹûҪʮңֻ½Ҳ¿ɸɡӽʵ۱ʾԼڹȥ쿴Ӱ¡
ң֮£÷ǳҪ¿ûм۵Ҫԣӽٴǿʮƽ٣Ϊֻһ
ðɣȻʦôģ͹ȥɡʵۼӽôִţֻôӦ͵ʦȥϢϢˡ
ӽʵ۴ӦǶȥûֱʵ۽סˣʦ˳츮˴ɱʣһƫƧɱˡⶫҲȺ֮˵˿ڰ֮Уõ֤ݣһһ
ʵ۲˵ӽæòˡ˵üĿȻҲˡʵ۱ʾżҪԩˣ飬õ֤˺ˣԼȥˡ
ӽɵʵۼȻԼ϶ɵģܲȥԼֵֵɶɡ
ӽʶȥ̷˾·ĶȻ֪ģǰȥ
ӽ·ϣȻеڴٰԺǲкܶŮݺݺһѣԼҪ򶨣ǧʧҪԲ档
̷˾ӽеʧ͵￴ĲһſûվŽӴ˵ɶҲûпһŮվţһͨû
˵ǰǰ칫֮·ûɦŪ˵Ĺǣֻ֮
ڰ칫˵˲ּǰӲ죬Ͻӭӡյ칫ķſڣӽ͵ˡǾͳӽһ¹ٽ̷˾ʣ˲
ӽһ㶣ʣʾһ֮ֵܰɡ
ӽƾҲȷϣΪǰĵλλͬģֻٷ֮⡣ͬ»ƫƫɶϵûУֻ˶ѡ
ӽ̽λͷ΢е㷢׵طǵ¸Ͽʲôϵ
Ǽ֡΢΢еԺص
ӽһǻʵĵܵܰԼû˵ľͰʻΪһλеͬ־ˡ
˵󣬰ӽý˰칫ϲ衣
ӽʵİ칫ҵҲӣûиһݻĸоֻһص㣬࣬ţŲ١
ӽʱȽϺ棬һߺŸݵȲ裬һʵ¸Ϊ֣ôǸϣֻǾš
ӽȻʵĻеˣһ¾ͣסˡ
ӽ˼Ҳص¹ٲֳ˼νʿûϣͷˡΪո踳еĵãԾ֮Ծݷ֮λ
ӽ˼ˣתƻ¸˵а֮½㣬֪ôˣ
һ𸴵¹پô壬ȫСиڱţ¹ٻ֮Լ²֮ײбΪϷ԰ݡ
˼˵ڳﱸУûȥݣӽеԾ
ǰŸɱ裬СϷ֮£¹ίи˽ѧʹھɡ¹ٵ֮ˮƽ߳¹࣬Ʒ¹ʧģҲ϶˲һʸǸˣȻòһ㣬ûӽزǱƼĺѡ
ӽѱдϷݳѴů˰ɡ
ӽ£ʵҪǱŵĸ衣
һȻûͺ˽ȥԱбݡ
ȻԼӽȥ˲ԶһС糡طרڽ̷˾ݵСӡ
ӽҲҪȥʲôᣬֱϷ̨һţſݡ
̷˾裬˾ֺЭͬ˵е˲Ӳ죬ͷ˹ӽңƨȻˡ
һǶ˻ȥɻˣ
裬ǰԸ赸̵ôˣԳûУʲôУ
˾֣ǱߵˣȥǸټвУ
ǣûаѧЭóϷ԰ѡûУûлϽȥ

ӽҲǼԭʵеĻе㲻ڼηȨһڹϵΪҲһݹʵĺøжֱ
Ϊӽʵһжһֿݵ̬ȡ
ʴЩ̨ļ˳ݡ
ܳģģǶ껪òŮɤöݺ䣻ȶˣƮݡ
ӽĶۣ֪˲ûʲôӣӽкá
ӽܾʲôüͷȱٵĶ
ȻʲôתĶ۵Ǿúãǲ裬ͬ񣬴ӶǮ
һͰһᣬű˵ᣬҲм˵ᡣ
ӽȴ˵ķֻԼǰ¶ӡ֣Բ˵ᡣ
ҵЩȱٵʲôڵĴСԼںС˵һȱٴеС˵ܲһָͬܵĸоȻͲǮˡڴʱǲἫͬԼѪǮ
ӽתʳʱ򣬸պôӺ̨ӽͳĶԻ
һԼŵģòİ


123 
ӽתӵʱ򿴵ԼǰǣղŵĻ㶼ˣ
ʴӷԴмشЩӲĳӲͬǮĹٴӹﶼְ֮˴ӡ
ӽе˶࣬զһҼ֣ǰƵȥ
һʵӽŭʡ
ƼҲ£ЩӣͿӽ
ӽЦˣʵʲô
һּߵľ磬ն˾þòҪɤˡ
ͣͣͣӽֱӽͣ׼ʼĳƪۣһ㶣ӽ
ӽѿˮֱӸҲֻܶҪһ㣬ĸܳᣬ˶飬ڻ߹ǲǶǮҪģҲҪ߾磡
ӽ˵ʻҪǳ費ЧģȥӪĸо̵ĹȥǸʱͻоࡣ
ӽڽѵʣֻġܣԱ˰ɡ
ӽ͹裬еʧ֮ǰʸղŸǰµʱ˵ģѡ˵£ͶʵǸ꽻ǲѡˣҹȥ
ûʴ𻰣ӽظһ飬ʲŵͷӽյԺȥ·ϣԵеʧǵġ
ӽе㲻̣ʮĴүˣԼôֱӵ˵ǲеˡ
һ˺ܿԺӣҲһ̨ӡһʮ꣬ų̨֮ǰ̨ϵ߲Χ˵ʲô
߽֮ûתÿ̨߲֮ˡԱعͷǷ˲ˣ׷ƲԭΧŵˣ
ôĶȻҲ֮ˣת˲ּ鿴֮£Ҳæӽ¹٣ѧʹݼ˲
֪ʶòӽкøУʵ·˵Ϸʦ
ҵҵһϰԵǫ˵껹˺һۣе㲻ԣûʳڣ²߱˰ɡ
ڸ𣿡ӽ
¹ѡϷŮϷӡ
Ŷôѡģӽʵ
ӽעͽܵѡҪѡ֮ˣһҡŮ֮
ӽһͬʵǿô
ǺһЦǻҪ֮ˡ
ɣӦذɣôŮģӽﰵ
ӽһѡŮϷǷƯ̧ͷϷ̨վŵǸһ֮£ӽȻˣ˴öǺһشϣԵû󣬵͹Բصˣѹ˲Ůб׼
ǽܵ¹ѡЩŹŮӹ߲
ʲôȵȣ˵ЩŮӶǹŵģӽһš֣Уæʵ
ǰ֪˲Ϊβ죿е㲻⡣
ǣǲ̫̬ˣѡŵ·ŶˣǳϷﰡӽؿߡ
еͿˣžͱ̬ˣӽ֪˲Ϊ˵ŵľͱ̬ʲô㣬¹ʵڲס
СŮʱ͹ţʹĹĽŶΣˣ˵̬ӽ˵һ˿ŭ
һȻæ˵˲ˣЩŮӵĹֻ΢˽Ŷѣʹ֮·ȻֳŮ֮ʹűεġ
Χһߵ˶ͷʾѧʹ˵û
ȻмΪԼļ˰ѽŹΣ˵ҲеġӽⶼŷŭˣΪӽˣͲ
ӽһԭԼôĹŶأ˵ġ
ӽ뵽Լ֮ǰ뵽ģʱ˶Խŵͬ˶صһ뷨ȻȻ
ӽ뵽˶Ů˽ŵͬ˶صƽΪɻŮԾƯҲźģŮ˽Ŵֲ·ʱŮ֮ҲŮԵź
ŮԣСģټ֮زߣŮˣŴģȻùŲŽţܱС㣬˵ĸ߸Ьɴչء
Ҳб̬ˣϲG߸߱أˣ̬İѽɲзϣ㣬ҲͿˡȻЩ͵ˣǺǼСһˡ
ǵӾŮܲԼ췴ۼ˲췴͹ֱ̬ĹΪݱΪ㡱µߵͷϣΪ˶ô̬ġ
㣬ӽúÿģһֱΪŵ¹ڻڽ⿪ҡ
Ǳ߼ӽһֱڷ粻е㵣ģ˼ûӦҲӽĶˣջ˼ӽѵ˲ʯ֣˵򣿲ܰղŲ̸ŮӵĹ
ӽǡʱͨ˹飬عΧһȺ˶ĵضԼ֪Լʧ̬ˡǣæתƻѡѡûУ
ѡδӽظͷģش
Ŷˣľ籾ܸҿôӽʿеľǸʲôˮƽ
˲Ϸӽ뿴籾е㾪棬ѵ˲ͬˣ
ĩϷң屻ʳ


124 
ֻ뿴ӽЦŻصȻǾ籾ûӱŰɣеķֲЩ˵ĻͶˡ
ǣӽæˣǲˣˮƽ
ϣȴһߺˣʯȥ˲˲Ǹˣ
ӽһˣϺһֻѻۡķɹˡ
ĿԼĺѣе㲻šȻֿӽ㻳ɵ˵˲ٴ¹ȥѾ籾
ӽæ֣֪ʱǫ鲻ǰ취װǻƵصһкܶҪûʱ俴ڽˡ
һҵӽʱ䣬ֱӿʼľ籾籾Ĵ˼˵֮صһҸĴͥöڣˣӶŮδŵϱ׼ӭȢȴΪ²ݱֻе䵽ӪһϢĹ¡
ӽŹǲ׼Ϸķʽݳ
ǡԥĴϷ籾ô
͵ܣǿǿһӽλãʼѯʵľ
УȻԵһʸе⡣
Уܷÿиͬܵĸоɫϲŭ֡ʰԼ͵
еȻˣֻҪϷģ϶дУնʣʡ
ǲϷأƺץһһ־֪Ҳ̬

ʦİǶϷĶ໹ǲϷĶࣿʼƿԣѾӽ֮ǰ˼תΪԼԼ
͢ЩĿΪӪĿѰֻܵкСһؿǵϷǮжأ
ǣǸô죿˵ãˡ
ʿʼ˵˳ڣ˵ѣͬˣе޷شʱﻹеõĸоһ˵Ǹô죬һҲƿˡǰǸô죿
תͷӽʶ⡣
ӽһһϽĹ۵̼͡
Ȼһ˵ͬû·תԼ΢΢һ㶣ȻϷɿתѰҴ𰸡
˲£˸Ǻãʼӽ𣬾ֱӿˡ
ӽԴڴĿӽʲôõĴ𰸡
ӽôһʣһ˼·ܺýǿ裬裬Ϸһǲǣܽһ֡ôûнأǵĹͬʲôʲôǶö˵ӴУòҲܿöԣҪЩ⣬Ȼͺðˡ
ʻ࿴Ȼҡҡͷʾ
ӽһСֹⶼ׵ģЩֲʶƽô˵ʱ򣬻һ˿м
ӽתǸֹĶۣһֱǸе㵨սľʱӽڱҾ˵ĶԣӦŵĸ裬Ϸ
ȴŲΪȻЩʲôãûʲôǮ񡣡
ӽתӣλүչߵ˵飬Ⱦȴǡ뵽ôƶûǮҪÿ˾һͭ壬ô࣬ܺǮôȻ㲻ܺǵĴڡҪǣ۵㲻ֻһ¡
ӽǰλ˼ͼεӪ֮£ǿԾʱ䣬پ١֮⣬Ҫ²ײпϰԸ֪ȫµʵ¿ĺҪȥ
ʺӽ˵۾
ǲԴ裬ϷٴһЩͨ׶ĶϰҪϰնˣô
һϷĸҲͨ׶ЩǸö
ȴӽһ˲ָԽ򡣡
ӽæҵϷٸӺˡ
ӽóԼֵĴȷ˵ֶΣʼΣ˵Ϸףֻ֮ͨˣ̨ݳǲǻЧõ㡣
˸ãˣҪϷף⣬⻹ܽϷô
ӽãֻֽ͵ֱ˵ϷֱӲóͨͥģıͨ·ƽյĴ׻ԻݳͥҸ֮оȻý²װ֮ϳݽ²ײУҸ֮ҡ˵Ļ᲻ø˿ö׸ͬܣ
ӽ˵ͷҡͷˡ
ôЧãӽǺΪʲôȵͷҡͷʲô˼ֱ
˼˲¹پ˵ȷʵɣ⻹Ϸô
ΪʲôһҪϷأӽеЦʵ
һʣһ°ԼţǼа˳ǰΪʲôһҪϷأȻǰһƬʣһδ߹·Լǰ
л˲¹һݡʵӽһݡ
ǱҲôջ񣬿ΪҲӽ˰ݡ
ӽֻһɿ˻Ĵ֮·ΪһʦʣΪͨиĵһλߡ
ӽǶԼ˼Ҳˡ⻰϶дչĩȹͼʱȫĴѧĴݻʽݣ˺ܶľйˡĩΣ֮ʱϣҲкЧɣ


125 ִ̿
ͲʱڷɿţʱϦսԺȻչⲻܴůͣȴԡĵطӳúġ
ӽɫ磬Լȥƶīˮᱻһ
ǣλչ߸ǡ
¹٣̷˾ǹ˲
¹٣ѧʹ˲
гм𾴣ʽӽӽҲȻ׼ߣ뵽һ㣬ѧǲǹܽģǹѧģ
ػشǵģ˲
ŶҪлᣬѧﴫãݸǿӽ˵󣬲ٹǷ⣬תˡ
еݴѧУҲô׵£㴫˹ҲûЧڵѧӦûĩѧܵ˼ĳѪӦһֻΪԼΪɡ
Ȼûףĥ˲˵⻰ʲô˼
ŷûиͷڷת˳ӣʾӽҪ͵ſȥʧˡ
ӽߵſʱ̷˾ĺԼȫһûеӾݺݺֳ
ôһ룬˷糾Ů˵٣ͣסŲתȥ
Ǿ͸ӽһûӽͣסŲתײӽˣҺݣһŤ˿ȥ
ӽҲ㱻ײԸ˵ϷҲãʲôҲգ֮˵ݼҲҪòУӦװɡи㡣
һæ̬˲ָ̡
ǵǸٶ¶ôȥɷŶݷΪʲôþôĻаֱȥŮǣ벻Чӽ˵꣬ﰵĵôõŮӣŮԱܱȻڷ糾֮кðɡ
ʱ̷˾ѾǣſڣӽͲˡ̨ףȻӽ׷ɰ滤ӽ
ӽӣʵǵƷ˵Ҹ֪ͨ£ٿ
һһ˲ȻֵĿеĴһġ
Ǿ͸ˣڡӽ˫һȭһ
ȻӽʵĿ£Զȥ
ӽһ·ⲻͬӡеĽ̷˾²۵̷˾Ůôôշȫڳѹûһ˹ˡ
һ·ߵðû˵͵ӽôһ˵˻ᣬȻ󶼲ԼͬЦһ۵˲Ϊ̷˾ǼԺ
˵ﷸ˼ȫ̷˾˵ôӽһˣסŤʵ
ģǼˡֻǴ³֮飬һ۸ϽԼ˵
Ŷǻô˵Դ跸Աأֲӽ˷ס
˲룬˭ԼŮͷ¶˳ġ̷˾裬ЩʿǺܴˡرһڵķ˷Ȩлһ˿ʿд˴ֻ
ԭˣ֪ˡӽ˵תӣ˫ԼǰߣԼǱԶﴫˣǲԽ֪ࡣ
һᣬ͵һ·ڣӽعʷ۵ظ·ˣǴ·ɡ
һԽӽǰͷ·һ˵·һ㣬ֻǴӶֵһ߻ظѡ
ӽʾû⣬ɫظЪϢɡ
һʱ󣬶Ѿˣֻкɫϼ⻹ӳʡ·ϵ˺٣ѾڼҳԷȡů˰ɡ
ǰķһߴ·һӽ˵˲Ƕˣһͷܿ͵
ӽŶߵķӣóסĶǷǸ֮ҡҼſڻʯʨţſϡδ͸ټҵſڶ˺
ֻٻĵطؤм̨׹սǱȽƫƧĵط׻վż·ؤںɪɪĵȸŴ󻧷ģʩԵġ
ӽһߣһߵķӣ룬ЩҲԼھ˰ɣǲҪ߶߶ϵҪõġ
ߵһϹšֵĸſڣźȻһ࣬һͷ漴̽š
ӽͶŵϰԵתͷȥ
͵һ¿һȺķӣæͷ˻ȥ硱һŹϣԵе㾪š
ӽ룬ҳôôų󣬲ٹעתͷ׼ǰ
ȻжԻʲôų
档һе͵ѹɤһû
ӽȽϼ⣬˶ԻﲻЦԭҺףķۡ
Գӽ׼עתһң׼һҵſڳ
Ȼӽ͵סˣղǸе⣬ȴֲǻ¹ٵȽ϶أԼʲôط
µûӽͻȻˣɱӸ磬Ҫɱˡ
ӽԴ׷ɱ󣬻龭һֱʩǵӡԺС
ӽһȻһͷתղǸţһߵɱҵ棬Ǹղ˵Ǹ
ĶӽôתˣһӽĻһ¶׷װεӽ
ӽŽգһ֣ȥץˡ
ǰͷϷ׼š
ʱһһָŴĺңһ߳˲Ǳ
ӽָһȻǱӽﲢûԥҪ˵ǹҲһǷ⽨ĵȼƶȶԲûж᣻ҲֻгʵҪǵġ
ӽһ߷һüٴκȵ


126 
˻汻ӽ¶ˣڶľ롣
ɱӳϸϻرѫ㱨ѫȥնݳٵܴڵ
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һֱڱܹ鲻ôգһ»ۼתƵȫĵطȥܷͷ
˶ˣѺõ߰˰ˡķҲûǰôͷ֮Żƻʱ·˹֮ʣ׼תƵһ֮ܲء
ûҪž˶ۣǰѸյŷżǰŷӸŵˡ
׺ҲҶĶϣķӿȥ
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ŷ˨׼֮ʱѾٴεõӽ
ЩӽķۣǶ֣ҲŹߵģǻôǡǡֱӾһŵš
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ſʣµĸѾӽӽ߿ţ͸˽ȥ
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ԭӽϤĹ˰ٴв鵽˱ѫʹɱһйأò֤ݣֻʮʱļغ
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127 Գ
ӽǰļһеŵƹⷴȺҶȵ췴ľ͹ԣ
ӽõѹŷӵķϺܵӽǰվһ𣬻Ӧţܹӽ·
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128 
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129 
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130 Ϊθ
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£ڰˮôôûСô͢Щ̸أӽʳʵۡ
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ӽһûط԰ɣͿųʵۡ
ʵϣ۾ȻشԺмԼʣδйƷҲ
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ӽȻʵۿȳԷҪԸ뱥˵
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ӽʵ۸˵òʱͣش£ΪΪģûôģʵǱġѹյʱôû
ʵ۵ͷǻмô
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רκζĻӽҲûýˣʼǿʶ
⣬Ǻŷɡʵеԥ˵
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£㿴׬Ǯһά·ڰճеģǲڰˣ
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׬Ǯ֣ڰϰɣ²ղܽ²ݱڰϰɣˮڰϰɡ
ӽϲ˵ţʵȴһֶԳ͢˰ջȻһµĸоǰһֱоΪάͳΣΪ޵Ľɽ𢡣ӽôһ˵ͱ˰նΪ˴ıˣǻ̸
ӽ˵˰죬ܽ£˰գӪҵ׬ֻҪ֮ϣôԹӪҵô


136 ʦ籩
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ӽæ֣£ҵһ֣̽Ҳӱѧ˲ٶġ
Ŷѧʲôʵһе棬֪ӽѧʲôȥ
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ʵۺǺǵЦ˼£ȻӽʦҲѧˣˡ
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˵
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ʵֻ΢Цӽ˵
ĸ̸ۣɺ˺飬ݵۣҪؽɡǿӣԼѧѧӽڶָ
ӣʵûˡ
һʵۣӣ׳ƿӡӽ͵
⿵ģʵ۳ƺԵţеԥһ룬ǴرҵĳУͲԥѧӽֱ˳
ųʥ棬ʵҲԴ޶ѣֹ˵Ľѧ󼼣˵һ־Ҫɱͷ
ʵ룺ôһȣ޻ػˡʵһϾûоˣôȥıء
ӽָĲʾͲ˵˰ɣǰɣ¡
࿴Ц˶ܿġ
˵ֿԣҿʳ̵ˮֲȲ䣬ܳԡ
ôԳ˵˵һٷ˽һʱ
̶ʰ˳֮󣬳ʵ۶ӽ˵ʦ⼸죬ǶķǳʱڣҪСġΪ˷ֹ⣬ǰȥմɳΪãǱߵĶۺͽԻסˡңҲרˮ࣬ලʽҤĽȡҪ顣
ʵۻһƻҲΪӽİΣؿڡ
ãסӽͷ
⼸϶ڳϻһ粨ȻԼгʵۻţ۲ΪĺáҪȥ˶ڶˣЩĶǵóʵۺȥˡ
Լȴû룬Ϸַӣͼ˴׸ҲǴ˷˵һˡңΪһ׸Ҳ鷳ˡ
ʱʵûʲôˣӽ͸ǻز
ӽص֮󣬰ѼӺ˶˻ۣѾûǸҪˡ
ȻԸںСĴڲҪ󣬾ʹȥմɳ
մɳ֮ӵķ۾ȥϢˡ
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ӽȻûԶ֣ͣʶʤӽǿĺ֮࣬Ļشÿ⡣
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ʵֻǿǱݣκ鶼ʼһ޷ĥ뷨
һȺ˷ֻһ仰û˵;ȳʵ۱̬
ʵۿµȺӣȻʳɻ׸Դôģ
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뵽ɻ£Ϊ˲ܹǺ֮ˣ쳯Ҳǿ½ġڶ֮£飬ڸвɳԱרŽ̵ǣֱз쳯Ϊֹ
ֻҪʵ۴ӦҪٸԺֶΣ˲ٳ˷˲ɡ
֪ӽڳϲԮ֣佻õļ˶ڴˣҪְվڳ֮ϡӽԼһڳϣʧľԼ⣬Ҳ֪ӽڻĿеķʱָʱ
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ʵ۶˵ְɡ
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Ĵ׷Լǰڸ׸ѯ⡣
ûɻڸ󣬶ͻؼˡ
ֻ̬ȥ׸ݷãȴ˱Ÿ˭Ҳ


137 ⽨²
ʵɻްֻǱʵ۾ˡѼʷ˲֤ݸҺûʷת͵ıҲǱץ
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һʱ֮䣬ɽ¥˭ҲųĶֻôࡣ
ʦеĳѫ˼ûгӣû˵ԣɶ͸ɶһ±Ķϣй˻̻̿ʼա
ھ֮صĽ²ʦû֣ɨһܿĴسǣǮˣ˼ɣӹ
ҲˣûоʦĹѫĻ֣̿ҲܶģһжΪһˡ
ԭ򻹵ôͷ˵𣬻̫ԼСܺһɹŵĸƨ棬εĺģû顣
ʮ죬ϣᣬʹḻվַǷ
̫ںнȺأȵøˣЩսս޲ʤָǴǣȻµĻ˭Ҳûᡣ
çŶ̩ȵͨ죬žƱԴСǿȻ̫Ӻٺһ
ȻתںλĻ̫󺹣ǲ˰ɣĻɽǿˡ
̫ȡ˴δйĴݣçŶ̩Ծ˴󺹵ơ
çŶ̩ɤźܴ⻰һ˶е˶׷վ̫ڸçŶ̩顣
⾩֮صķͲƸԶԶǶƶܱ֮ȵģǻ̫ʥҲǴġֱһϵеʤΧţҾϸرΪ⣬Ӵõһ룬ԶԴв
⼸һۺ̫ҲΪ⶯ʴڵСܣҲд⣬ԺδΪڿУλƼ
çŶ̩һ̫ôһ˵Լ׳Ǹˣе㲻ʹ죬ֱӺҪʲôɶռɶ͵ˡ
̫û۾ɨеˡ
Щ²ӺɹӶ״ڣ֪ʲôطʣ˶
ӣūžһطʺϴפһɽǻӻ̫
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̫ȻǺϤأҪǣضһĨڡͷʾⷶ˵
ӣūΪƽΪˡΪڻ̫ϣֱӣ͹˵ĿȻ󾲴̫ԭʾļʶ
ūţ˵ҪزҴҴģͺһԡٲ˵Ųү㣿çŶ̩ʹţֺ˺öƣ˵һ˵꣬ڵθڣϾͳڽѵˡ
һˣƽʱҲǰӵçŶ̩ôһһǵͨ죬ֲοԼЩ˶ǽŸǮɫƽˡ
̫çŶ̩ȵݵúԡȻת˵ɣҪ
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Ūӣһ˵ꡣ
̫ˣû˵ǿž⣬˼ռǨ񻯣ɽظǴأƽΪʦΧȷʵпͼһزסôһߣĸطܳء
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̫һİȻɨŵһȺСܣһֱھʷƽҪ֮أرأҸղԳǼﲩԹ°ɣ
Ⱥ²ʦϹݣԶǵӡһƽҲôһǳأе١
Ӳģūƽ￪һջǰЩѵӦǰǱֻĴһػӦ
ūţһçŶ̩һҲûŵĻֱ̫߹ȥеݹȥ
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ŵݹľУçŶ̩˵ʱĭӣеһġҲçŶ̩ǱƢֻǿţӹ룬һ
áçŶ̩һ꣬ǴһķļȻҲҪԸλȥˡ
̫˵Ӧһ˼ͲԥһӺöʣڣ
öʺͰһ֪лˣӣϴλվߵд
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ͬԤƣǨѴ֮ͱ²ռˡкͺԭƾԼռƽһƽߴĳǽͷ㣬Χ֮


138 ƽ
ڽ²ƽפƽĴԱ
һǽ²ھ֮εСľܹͳ쾩֮ϣɿй档
ϰղƶǸԣ׷ӵиӹһ١ƽصȱ
פƽ߾³ƽ֣գյһϢźƽ֪ŷ棬Աɳ´ģս²׼һʮ֮ࡣ
ȻշЩ׼ڵĽ²׼ɹӵ׼ձ֮࣬ôһʤ֣Ǹˡ
׼˵ȥνģĹһʵϵġʹͣ²ʱ򣬵Ƚ²˳⣬Ի۹͵ġ
䱾ҲûܴƽõֻͣǷԼҲν֮ǰѡ
񣬾͸֣׼ϻȥ
һ²ǰƽû½ãνȴɱ֮ӣǸ̡
뵽סˣνģɷǰЭƽǣ
´һ⣬æ͡
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ͳ´һʧֲνΥڵֻա
Ǹλȥ׷ԼûճžѹѹĽ²ӵֻ˻سó
鷢չͺһͬǼǣͬر֮أͬҹӦǣӦ²ռƽǡ
֣ƽ֪ŷսԱɳ´ģͶ²
񻯲һǣ²ûչǣΪ̫
Ҳǻ̫Ȼ󷢴ȱ׼ƽΪڵһŶʹãΪԼĳǳأûʵʩߡٳ´ĺͰڵڶһ֯ȫǰӭԼչʾ󺹵Ϻġ
ͳ´ùź󣬰⻹귢ӭֺū̫´ԥƬ̣һڵϣĻֻдӦˡ
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ʱɫ΢Ͻȥó´Ļװ
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ӭϹٵֶΣޱȣΪֺû̫аձ봩£øֳʳЦݣһҪֳūͷѾãūԸҵֳա
ϰвԸﰵ֮⣬ް취
ƽ֣Ĳǽ²ҲͨϰգͶ²ǰǶͷڽѵա
۴Ҫˣվá
Ӵ˺һҪߺ꣬Ҫɥô
ʿ߹ʱһҪ񿴵һôʿ˸ˣŭ˴ʿأ

̫ڳӪʢװȴʱһʹֵµСһǣܴգǣǴյĻ
½ūŹȻûȶõʱ䵽㱨˵Ѱ׵
죬־Ļ̫ڴϴһȺɶСܿʼǡ
ͶĹڳŴӭӣһ̫̣ڵء
̫˾پҪģģƽΪԼĳǳأҲֳʿɣڳſڱݿˡ
ڳŸ俴һĵĭ
̫֮󣬾볡ߴĻ
˳ӿʳӭʦֻû̫ĻŭšҲ˾ֱܿŵһ˿ô˭ȥƽأʷֻдεܿ࣬ǵһĻ
˭֪û߳ԶȻһשͷ˴зɳֱ̫


139 Ǳʧ
컹Ǵյм䣬ΣȻǿԤģ̫Ϊȡ⣬ҲΪҫսִҪ㡣
ˣ̫ױʮݵľš
שͷʱѱ֣̫ߣöƵ
һױͶשͷĴŵط·ϰҲãΪҲգȫߣٰ˹ȥ
һʱ֮䣬ҳһţúõһ볡ӭʽôƻˡ
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ױȺ¶Ӱʱѿˣò׸ų񣬲ܹһ
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߽Щ˿һۣȻֱһ֡
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һεڶߵĺͷӣǸϵԴȻٿ̧ͷ죬ȴַϵƶ仯Ϊһһڿæ˦˦ͷԶ˴˵ء
˾ΪطͷŸɽںղݸ߸һһӡУ̼ȥˡ
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䲻öʵ׼ǲģ́ͷ𻰡´Ĵʱŵȷվסˡ
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ϧöзĹҲûóѡ
˱ס󣬳´Ҳֲס΢һţ˵Լݡ
ǣöʾʹȥ̫
̫¼Ĵջӭĳ棬ö׷ͳ´Ѻ̫ǰ䴦á
̫һĻԱͶ߱ץ֪˿Եǣȫǵİտ̫˹ġ
ǣͰɫֱ
´һæģֻ˵ΪЧȴΪδ۴𣬾
ֻ̫֪һڶѣҲƣͬ⣬Ҫľһ̬ȣرǾղǴ̿͵¼´ĴԼļҾ죬ƥͷ¿ʮӡ
öʼ̫ôãͰ˷ˡԼе죬ʵڼǲڴôʶˣͲȥ롣
´ǧлһ׼˽⿪ŵȻ˵ʱֳ˲ӡ
ԭ̫İۺ´д˴ܵӳ졣״󺹣ܷߡ
Ŷ̫б۾ˣ
󺹣´ɱ˺öʿʮ˰ǧܷˡⴷضؿߵһ


140 Ŀ
ϻ̫ױԭóһ·һ֮£ֺһΧסͳ´ġ
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֪㲻ͷһ˵үүɵģɱʹ죡
̫һǺˣκҴʿģ
仹ûشǱߵİĵظ̫С棺󺹣ͷĿƽġ
ʲô˵һΡ̫ȻֱŭĿŰ⡣
ⱻ̫ôһŵ˵ˡ֪̫ΪʲôôķӦԼû˵˵ݰ
öһ̫˵󺹣ˣ˾ױͷĿ֮ǰ죬ֻһֱ벻
̫תͷ䣬˫һ߽䣬һһ䣺˵㲻
ؿ˻̫һۣ˵̧ͷ졣ԼҪˣ࿴һۣҲùӡ
̫·˼裬ˢһ޳䣬һ˻ߵغ
һ߿ɵۣ󺹺ɶøղŻһʥģĻ̫ܻѲ֮ı˯ˣ
̫ǵգ¿̫שͷʱ򣬶޶ԣһֵӡһ֣ϾΧ˹׷׶䣬޲ôϿټ
ߵϰպΪǰкǶ׷׿֪ʲô֮Ķ
俴ܻػֿ̫ΧһҪԼͷĿȻΪԼҲνеԺý²ͷĿһޣ棬ҲԼҲνһ˶ѡ
޶췢ģֻҪ˵޷ߣŵ̫ź⣬ָأĸ俴
俴Ż̫ȻһЦдһ˿һ˿ΣӺɷһѣʮһú
ֱ̫һؿڣ£²ȥȻһŭȣޣͷԵشȥ
һߣӲţܿ죬Ѫ졣
˲״ϰշ׷׵ͷٿţҪĺӾͺˡ
Ҳģ⣬ղű̫ŵİֳˣ󺹣֪
䣬̫ΧӵĿ⡰ˢһ¶Ҳһ֪ˣԼհѲνٸ߹ǡ
ֻ˫ֱţû¡俴׼ķ򣬾Ͱͷһͣ͵ײȥֻϣײ顣
ȥҲûһ߼Ļ̫ױΪҪײ̫鼱֮£һȥ첲ж
䵹أѪӿͷѱ̫Ѫܣ״Ϊɲ
ʱҲûȥ˿ڣ۶Ű⣬Ŭվ³⣬Ϊ;ָ֣⡣
ǼֳΪӭĳûһǰƻŵˣһƨڵϡ
ڿѪģ䣬ֹűնָ֣ŵûɢ
ջûԸѪֱֱ࣬ضŰ⣬ʵˡ
̫ؿžδİ⣺˵ģ
ⲻҿǰ䣬æ΢վԶ˵㣬Żش̫¹˵մҿһɽضȥ
ҿʲôط̫֮ǰϷ磬ٵıͱԺ󣬴ʱһҳʬΡ
ҿڣҿɽص񻯵Ĺٵԣƽλáܲס̫ǳ˵۾ͷλø˳
ˣ̫ɺ䡣
󣬴ңǲ䡣¼˻̫ʣԾı֡
̫һٹܰ⣬תͷöʣ̩
ڡöʺͰ̩Ͻվ̫ǰ
Ǵٰǰȥ׷ɱ񡣴˴ҪˣǾͲޡ̫ҧгݵ
ǣ󺹡
ĵܣҲȥɡǰ̫
ڷټȥ׷ɱԱ㽫
ֻ̫ؿһԣôƷë󺹡
ôߣ˼ٳ¶󡣡̫˵飬ڿ
ƿֵܵܲԻ̫ĻΪȻҷֻڨڨ¡
ȥٴô̫öʺͰ̩վûְȥˡ
˲ҵæֱٰƽȥ
̫ǼۣϷһڣҲûϷˡͷһתͷǻشӪȴöʺͰ̩Ľ
ںһ壬鸴ӡһνһȺʧ̬ĸк棬ȥ񵽵ʲôһ
˵öʺͰ̩ӱޣҿڣԭȵԻİϣȷдɽضȥǣŰɽط׷
һ·ϣٴգϼҴڣкܶҵҲܣֱ׷ɽء
ڣɽزǺԶӳ̨ͷ֮Ĺٵϣǰһ֧š䡣
öʺͰ̩һΪѣ·öʮƵǰȥ½أ̩ںϣһܷŹ
ܿ죬֧Χס䣬ʼ
Ҳǣٵһɽ꣬׼ݴ˶ء
ϧٵߵɽʵǸС꣬Ƕûľ֣޷ڲټ
öʺͰ̩֧ǭ¿ֻЦһٰϲѲսΣӳ첻ɡ


141 ʵ۷
һоѾõĲ䣬ִ֮Ӧԡһǽ²ľбˣⳡս˫һεĶ֣ʤԶ׼ˡ
ܿģȫûΪ׵ս²ֻ˼˶ѣһʤ
²ͷļöʺͰ̩ȴûһ˵ӣץ񣬶ĵܵ͡
ʱץķ²öʺͰ̩˽⵽˾
Ҳû˵֧Ķ顣ֻΪӽĺЧӦѿӱ޸ʦڱȥˡͽͣǰɽЭ
ʷϣ׷϶ս֮ʬ屻̫⽴йޣͱ׽ʷѾıǵˡ
öʺͰ̩Σȥ·Ҳ޴̸ȥ׷ɱ
˰͵ʬˣϾ͵Ҳǳ֮һıĵܵܣ̫һ
öʺͰ̩ǴͷɥأʦҲһˣһ顣ˣǴ׸ɻ
ɻԼҲǻº֮ˣƾĹٳ£˸Ϊǵ֮һҲԸ׸
ǧ򲻸ã˳Ѿжˡ⼸ĺӹ˳
ؼǣԼ飬пܸɱ˲³ϹϵȻûץԼɶԼϲԸѾ¶ɡ
ɻԼ鷿վߵԺúı紵Լͷԡ
ɱ˲ıѶΪı棬ж˰ڽگǼʷʱֻ̰̲֮ɴ˿ϻ
ҿԼϰߺãûӣ⼸ʷҧԼԵ
ɻһ̼Ӳ֮ǰһҳһţͷ
һʶؿһ룬ԼѾǻᣬԺڻǰԻϵжײ̵ĵߣֻһзͻᱻץסţʱ˾һ㣬Σˡ
ɻţעֻصʵУֶѵߣϾͿˡ
ȻɻһԼҲһˣαڻǰơȻ׸һ֮£֮ϣܱȵԼҪ
ɻһ£پȫ˲٣ӭź磬չ˫һ·ҪӵȻһȻ߻鷿дԼĴǳȥˡ
Ͻţѹѹվ˹Ůͻ¹١мһСطվ󺺽ִȣѹŵϵˣ˳ȶ
жվǱϣɤӺţ˭ҪūһͲϣϢģһ³ǿϸˣҲҪסۼҿɲϣ̡
Ȼվˣûһ˿ֻе
жɨһͷĻ¹ٹŮغͷʲô̧ͷţԣкô
֮жŽ󺺽̡
תΪ˿޺ҽУһһֱеŵĻ¹ٹŮսľ
ҽɸתͣղٶţۣۡȻڴܡ
Լһ֮жͣȻû¹ٹŮŶӣŵϵʬһܣŻع¡
ŵ鴦֮жֱӻĻʵ۽ˡʵˣһᣬжıƶȣҲҪһݣȥԹе飬˾ūһһݸ޿
ǣ¡жҲͬ鲻ִСȫȫܽ
ȥѻϸ޴ЩҵĲôˡ
ǣ¡жȻΪᶽԻǻϵū澣ȵ¶Ҳ
˵ˣʵۡ
ʵۿϺһڴĿıϣɸееЦͶ˵䣬ǲ鳭ԭ;ӪᶽĲ嵥֪жôۺϾһʮ֮ࡣ
ʵ˵̾£ҵĲƲйһ긳˰֮һ
Ͽųʵ۾ֻڸпûһˣŵ£¡
ģް׼Щﲦǻľú;ʦ֮á
л£³ͷٰ׼ˡϵغãҺͳʵ˵Цˡ
ʵۿűñ¶ͷѻף֪̾ͣġ
ϸмؿųʵۣ¿࣬ϼⰡ
䣬˵Ҫ޶ץЩ̰٣ҶЩͷ᲻ڷʵۺȻҲϵЦ
£ǧ򲻿ɡ·;ְٹٻ֣̱̿Ǵ֮һһϽȰɡ
֪ģҪóʵô³Ͼվ˼ˡҶ֮ҩȥ˻
ʵʵҲ֪ôֻ¶˵ԸѡͷϵǷݳ嵥Ȼ̧ͷضԱ˵ǮҪúˣõʵ޻öԺͳţʧˡ
·ģһǮֹġϱ֤
ʵ۵ͷϵһֽվߵϵǰ޾ͰǮˣͷȥ򶫳ӼɣѾжˡ
ǣ¡֣شӦһȻȥӡûʵ۲֣΢˳ǳֻ̧ͷѵ¡
ʵķſ֣Ҫõʵ䡣
ĺˣ¡һ֤߱һȥͷֽȻֲԣ˵һʮôǣ̧ͷԳʵ۵£ôֻһ
һ˵һﰵ룺Ưһְɡ


142 ж
Ŷʮӣ׼Ÿ˲Ǯõġʵ˽͵Ȼתȥ
ѵ˲ʲôˮˣһϲʵ
ûСʵȻűҡҡͷ
ǡеʧ뿪Ҫʮȴֲ졣
ܲ˲Ѷˣȴûưɣ˲ֻҪƳˮ࣬׬ǮĶųȻٳӪҵǮĵطءֻǿѴֻ˲׼ʮѡʵ۽͵
һ⵹Ǹʵۻﻹݣ֮ǰ֪ģǣʵ£ʲôӪҵǺ
Ǻǣ˲˵ʵ۾ʱȲΪӽûƱ
ϺǺ棬ʣʱˡ
ڸ׸ڼϢθڸϴ󣬰ٹ֮ˡ
ϣ£׸岻ʣڸ˴ǳʣϻ硣
ʵʵ֪ɻɾҪ׸ҲҪӰġڴɱ˲֮棬ûֱ֤֤ɻΪףԳʵֻǾ˳ɻѡ
ɻڸı֣һֱΪʵϲԾϻ磬ʡԼ򡣳ʵ꣬ͰѴǳв
ʺͱ϶֪вʲô˼ɻȻҲ֪ǣϴǳʣٴˡ
׸̵ĳɻϻ磬ʳΪһδ׸ϣӶѧʿڸ
ߣԭѫԭӪᶽ裬ıųնѺͲп̣ͬʱ̵ĻвɱһľӪУξ
ɱ˲һִе˿٣Զ֮ǰκ永ɱȡʵ۾ǿǵǷǳʱڣȥĻĶھ֮صȶͶԽ²ս¡ҲչʾԼľģǱС⡣
ӪȫӪز½мӡάǱָ˾Ͳֳ
ʦĹѫ󣬴ȫʧԭмһı棬û˸ȥ̫ˣΪǶܲܣͬŶ֣ѱʲôʱҲԼ֣ϱ˲أȴ˽ȥɱˣˡ˺ȾӪѪȴǲȵԭ
ȫǰտп캰صԭڣ۷׷ס
ǳıӵɶɱ±Ӧ˰ɡ
ǰҹɱһûɱ
˵ʱ˲ؿһ͸ˣӲû£Ѽγ̸ЦͰɵˡ
ˣʱ˲ؿʮ˼ġҼھĶСڶϢ
ǿ϶ˣʴϵɣҲèɰɣ϶дͨġ

ʱӽ֪ʦնԼԹ̸˷֮УʽҤǰ깤
ӽǰ㱨ʤ佱ȻŰ׼ȥιۡ
ʱһУξǰ涫ᶽжǰ
ӽһ㶣Ȼǿϲţ˰æӭȥ˵ɵˣҲӽһȥӭӡ
жǿֱӽģϾЩĴ쵼ӽȥͨˡ
Ϊ죬ⶫСĶԴ˲ϰԼɵ£˵Լ˲ķء
֮ǰʵѾ˵⣬Ǹмһ棬һʮȥһСܶݣǱȽġ
վմɳſڣߵĽͶۣһìܵ飬ȴżͻȻðǡ
ӽ첽ߵǰԺʱͨĴţſڵжæӭȥЦŵݹ٣ʧԶӭˡˡ
ӽôʱ䣬־˴ɱ¼Ѿǰ˲١жǴһ֣Լֶ˵Ļˣӽ顣
жӽ飬ҲǸˣֻҵҵ
ʱӽߵſڣӭסǡȻۿվжϵϹԱȸۣеȸӣ⣬Ǹµ
жӽӾͽܵ˲λϼƼɡ
ɣλΪ˲жתӽ
Ȼӽæ񣺡˴һȻɷǷѧԵӾеƨ˹ȥ
ô˲Լ𾴣еɻ󣬱Ϊи꣬ʩԼеưɡû뵽ʿ
룬жϲϽ񣺡¹ٲҵл˲ټ֮顣
ж˿ˣЦŴϵ溮ȥ˵ɡ
ӽ˼ЦЦæȥմɳˡ
ӽףжҷֱˡû˵ķݣһֱվһߴͣӽϲ͡
жȻҲûӽ˲ۼҽǷ֮ģ顣
˵
һǻϺߵۼɹҪ֣̽̽ȡˮơ
ӽͷһģһҪ˶̡
жЦЦãȻ˵ǻۼҸ˲˵һѫ趨ųն̡ǳ͢ȣҲǸ˲һ
ʱѶ˲ڵȸжһβӽȻ
ӽжתϢûһֱ֮ʹ죬һ£ֻǵͷ֪ˣлΪ
жӽûִϲ飬΢΢еʧڰѻˣͲٶӽۼһҪæͲ˲ˡ
ӽæͣжתʵۣԼһС͵ºж͡ӽðԼжţ˰˼Ӧ
ж󣬴ϣֻӽˡ


143 衷
ӽǼԵʵ¶˵ջϴǳμ棬һʱ֮䣬˾Ȼƿڡ
ӽΪˣ쵼˵ˣʽҤսãҪһȥι£
һȤҲûһڣӽ¹
ӽܾ̫֮ʱҲûӣǰ·ȥι۸սõʽҤ
ʤȫʽҤߵȺʱˡӽһ۵Ĵٹæ
ӽǲö񣬽¸֮󣬾ʤĴ²ι
ʽҤֻʵʵģԲɡģҲܳԶһ׹һݡ
;ʽҤͬĵطǣķ䲻ֱӰѿȼУͨһ˫ܵȥ
仰˵ǳܵܵɳ¯·ʿмȡ󣬷ܵҲԶǸݣûмֵķŵС
ܵе㳤ʿԽȼҷܵļȳ̶ȾԽߣͲήȼҵ¶ȣֲʿȼա
нȼһ룬֮ͨзֲ㣬ڿȼһһб£ӻ̿˽нңբźù߰ѻ̿ƽȥ㿴ơ֤ȼҵĻ̿ѵȼ
ȼмһŷúá
ŽܣлȻԭ¶ô򵥡ľ飬Ĺܵ˸ĽΪ۵͵ģضƼֱֱͨ
ǲӽӴôӽţķӦٶҲǰʽ¯Ȳģ˵¶ȲŸĽ
ӽŵʱԼƷݣѾǱ߸ʤͨˡ
ӽعҲʱز廰ԼĿǣӽʤ˿ʼܵ˵ӽۣ飬ʤʱ˵
ʽҤתһȦӽĹϵ˲١
ʤһӽ˵˲Ҥ¯ڿʼС磬δ𻵵ĻͿʽˮˡ
ӽҲڴһ̣ʤúչʽҤȻͺصá
ʱѽ߰жİȥ⡣
Ӻ˫ֱȭӽһʵص¹ٶ˲ļʶ֮㲩ʵѹֵϻ˲ǰȥڿΡ
ǴҪѧʶԨĻǵʲõġӽҲʵ
˵Ȼ᲻ˣ֪ӽҪԼˮϷһݹ͡һˣҪһװ׵һݹȥӽϸˮ̡
⼸죬ӽմɳʤ˽⵽մɷ֪ʶͽԼʤǱ˽֪ʶˮƹ̼ؼڣ˵Եúרҵ
ԾԼĶ³룬š
ӽϺüͷӽ˵˲¹پ˷ƳˮĻ̫ͣķˮ౾Ǯ̫ܴá
ӽһҲǣ黹ҪȰˮճ˵
ӽû˵ѾǱ߽鿪ˣҤˮУ¹پһЩطˮ߷СԭϵϸĥϣķҲΪˮϵĽС
ӽһôϵѾĽһЩϸڡ´ϲεصãЩиˣˮƳҪæḶ߲̌
ʲõĽȻ˿ڸջϵȲ裬еԥӽ˲¹֤һ£֪ɷ񣿡
˵ӽؿǰͷ֪ʲôȻһ˿ԥ
¹Ҫũȫ顷˵˲¹д顣¹ʵǣ˲Ӻε֪¹д飿ӽ뿴ô¡
Ҳµġӽˣˣ飬Ȿ黹ûг
ĵµģ͸߻ϣ۾Ҳ湻󵨵ġ
ѵûôӽ̽
¹ΨʵûⱾ顣εҡҡͷ
һдЩ֮ġӽӦû塣
ʵûгһСũȫ顷飬Ȿµųġ
ų룬һᣬȻŻشӽ¹дһЩմ˲˵˵ɡ
ãáӽæӦ
ʮһ꣬ëʫ塷ľʮ꣬롶ԭ塷һʮ꣬Сͬ衷
ȵȣղ˵ʲôӽһидʣæ
ϣе⣬ǰ˲Ҫ˵һΣСͬ衷
ԣ衷˵ǲǾǳ棬ʳ״֦ҶҲʳӽ˵żˣԼǵúĺҲެ֡ⶫıر֮ﰡ
˲Ҳ֪ӽ׼ڵʵ
ӽҲסˣվ߽ϲʵõ
еӽı֣¶ӽ˵¹ٺóެʦεʱһЩѳˡ
ӽһеʧôܳء
˲ԺҲǴԺ⣬Ѳ˲Ҳ¹һóɣԶԲӽղżԭ


144 Ƽ
ԣƼָӽν͵
Ŷ˲Ϊƹ㵽ϱһһæѯʡ
ֹϱȫض֣֡һͺ߲ǰʳز֮ˣ㲻д⡶衷ô㲻֪ġ衷дʲôӽеɻ
е΢죬ӽˡ衷ǰԼΪʲôûƼԭ
ԭԭǺ֮ٸϽڣʮһ˳Я٣ܹ飬ظ֡
꣬д󺵣գӳ¾鸣Ѳѧ걨θԾȻġ֣ٹճɺ顣ֳ꣬ɹѶϲڴ괫ֲȱ⡣
ʮ꣬Ϸˮûջſθ˸ӡֳɹд衷ƹ㡣
Ӵ˵ϣΪ٣Ϊסиٹ̣ڸжֹɣԸΪͬﲻһͲܻ֡
ϰûĻġ衷ʿ򲻳Ժȣϳϵ󵾷գԣû˲ĸǷڵ֣־ͼΪ
æڿѧо⽻ͻºģҲû򻴺Աƹ㣬û͢Ƽһⱻζֵ
ֲߵũԼٶ䴫ţһֱƹ㵽ȫ
ӽ겻ƿԣҪרŵũҵоԺоũĻͻᱻƼоԺȫΧƹ㣬ĺôƼйҲûϵоԺһ塣
ƹ㵽ȫĻܻĩũ壬˵Ҳԭĺܶ鶼Ա⣬ǿϧ
ɫӽ̶һ磬衷ӽһƼȫƹ֡
صԼۡҳԼдġ衷ֿһ飬겻ѣҪ˲ļƼԼдƪµͱûˡ
գմɳӽǰȥʵۡ
ʱʵѾĻˣ鲢ôá
磬̲ӵָʾж󣬼֤ȷ䣬ʷȫгš
⼸ʷﳭʮ̰ܻþʮ֮ࡣʷԾӣе͢ٹְ֮Լȴ̰ۣ֮ɼԱҲõȥõ̶ֳȣʵ۲ȥء
˲ΪˮѾˣһϲ˸ղŵƣæټ
ӽһĻҲ˲ʵ񣬾ȿ˵ϲ£ϲ£ϲ
ӽ֪ѧĻеϲùӵĺ
һвеһڱƹ⣬˲ô²»Ͻ
ʵһӽĹϲæվкϢˣˮƳˣ
ûСӽһʵۻˣæϡ
ʵһʧԹӽʦմɳˮûƳʲôֵ޴ϲ
ӽʵЦЦҲ˵ӣŬŬ졣
һվӽһ㣬ʵ񣺡μ¡
ʵۿӽӣѵϲ£йأǣæʵ䲻ö¿˵
£бࡣӽȻʵ˵
ʵ۵ͷ˵
ʮ꣬дһݡ衷δʱ͢顣˲֮󣬼Ը볼һƼ
ʵһѵʦ˵ĴϲʦӣһǷȤҲתóġ衷Լӹ֮󵱳
ʵǿ򣬴Լǰûи͢ƼԭȻֿݣָĺôַл˲ԱȣһĿȻ
ںĶԼΪʯĶʯңϺ֣Ķܴﵽʯҡʵۿ۾ˡ
衷ݲ࣬ܿ쿴꣬Ȼ̧ͷӽ˵Ĳ֮ߣʵ
ʵһڴȻӽղ˵˴ϲ׶һΡ
ӽ֪ʵ۵˼ʵǣǲָ֤洦
ӽͷȻʵ۵ǵģҸȫضܳɻ˵˶廹вٺô
һһ֤ҽʱݸĿУ˵в鷦Ƣθǿ֮Ч
ܽ飿ʵ뵽飬ڴӽĿ϶𰸡
Ӧܻɣȫ²СӽҪܳ׽ģͲжˡ
ȻʵûĴ𰸣֮ߵĲͺպܽԽԽصĺ顣
ϾһóȻƹضִһи⣬ǺĪرأп飬жദطּ췴ѲгΪѾϼ
ʵ۾ӽǰⲽ˼ȦȻվӽʦ˵һ£ȻزָǷã
ӽεʵ۹Ȼûгţô򵥵ĵҪѯ
ǣͷԳʵ۵飬²ο
ʦ˵
һµһĸӣƹ㡣һôǣԲռԭȵأֱƶɽֲû⣬ֳǶ١
ʵ۵ͷأ
оԺоƷֲ֣߲ݳ֪Ķֹʯڳļ磬ٷһ١
ӽһʱ䣬λ֪ʱһʯԼΪһٰʮٶ2000-3000ܿڡ
һһ˲˰գĶڴ֮ߣ˲ںľ²һʺϴɣ˵ȥַ˲֮
ȴ֪ӽ˵ĵطǴĵطֻʱвѡȻʵ֪ġ
ԣʵ۵ע㲻һӽ˵оԺϡ


145 ũҵоԺ
ʦ˵ʲôоԺо֮֮ߵĸĶʵ۴һ˿ţӽһĶʮʯڹŴǲ
ǵģ¡ӽ϶صͷ
ȻȻؾԬ¡ƽӽˮһֿʼջʵۣ£оԺоӽˮһкܶŵ㣬ͻĶҲ⼸о֪֮Ҽ˶ô
ˣʵۺܹ⣬ӽ̬ˣﰵع£¸ɺʳڵ˿ڴ´࣬һĵΪɣ־Ҳûжټġô˿ھͲ˰ɡϾ˿ڿԷףغͲҪǺѵġ
ж˿ڣӽûֱӽҿյףǹڵ˿Ŀˡ
ԼΪһǧҡʵ۴ŵԺشӽԴΪ
ǳڿԸ߱£磬ʮ˻࣬ûֹġеطضѻ߲֣Ҳ¡ӽ˵⻰ŵȤζ뿴û˱ɵ
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벻ͨˣ°͵˵ϡǴ˽⺣ˣ֪ĹҶСеûдһʡĹң˿Ҳ˲ļ絽ʮ֮࣬ǶĹң
£ô۾֪ǷǵãסǷжߣһӿסӦÿԲµõɡӽѳʵۡ
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ӽͳʵ۵ĶԻͷԡ֪Ӧûгʦô֪˲ķݸ߶ȡҪǴӻ֪ǲŵġҪ˲ѷݰ߾ͻߣûʵʲοֵ
û룬ʵۻع󣬵ͷ϶˲˵ɴ棬ѵģ
ʵѹվһ࣬۷Źضӽ˵޼ǵãôˡʦ˵˵оԺʲôȻܱ˶˵Ķ
ӽҪʵʳڹȻԸͻش£оԺʵûʲôһҲϡ档ǼһЩоˣоϰԣרŸʵ飬߲ͻ
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£ȵȡӽæϳʵ۵Ҫô򵥵ģƴԼѸˣҪԼ㡣
ʵɻؿӽզʲô£
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ӽע⵽ʵۺͽŽȣоԺ˱д֣ܼ¼⣻ΣǱԸũﶼϤ磬ũĳɳ̣Ӱ죬溦Ӱ춼˽⣬ũΪʲôúãΪʲôõԭ֪оԺ˻ݷͳơ֮漰ܶѧƺͻʩ
ӽһԼݶ˵˳оԺİɣӽε뵽
ʵеԺֱӶӽ˵ʦòǺסооԺҪܶණǲǣ
ӽͷǵģ¡ҼоԺоԱ൱ڽʿ߾ҵĶ߲ſԡ
ʵۼǵãӽ˵Ǿ˳ôһԽоԺһ⵽˴
Ƭ̣ڶӽΣ̵ʦоԺôһһ޸㲻޵ĶӾͽŸ㣬ҲһҪôа·
ӽͷԳʵ۵²٣оԺǾô귢չڶˡڴȻܺͳȥȣֻҪһһŻܿһЩջġ
ãʦ˵
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Ӧ˳͢پ;ѣ򵥣Ӧû⡣ʵ۵ͷʾϿɡȻĵʵӦôԶأ


146 
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ӽȸʵһܽᣬȻʼϸ˵һչȫȶҪʶ֡ǻֻۻ״С
ȫ飬֮ǰѾһأҳʵѾӦӹвѡԣû⡣
ȴһϢ廰ȴӽϲֻס˵
ڶȫлٽϸũרעѧϰũҵ֪ʶ˾ѧˣˣľѧľ֪ʶѧϰ֪ʶȵȡ
ӽ֪Ҫǿ£˵£ЩѧϰԴ̣֪̫٣һʦиôܾܿͽܡ¿һ£Ϲûзֻ֡Դ̵ģڻʲôӣɴ˿֪֪ʶͨеҪԡ
ʵõͷ˵Զ׼ִ֪ͨеıҪԡ
ӽûͣóʵ۷˵⣬ָǣЩѧϰϵͳѧϰҪôãһҪ֪ΪʲôôЩͱȥѧòѧϾһũܶôࡣ
ǿݺӽͽӻظղŵ˼·ϸֽ׶Σӻӣÿһ׶֮󣬾ͽѡΣٮٮѡȡ죬ѧϰµ֪ʶ˷˽оԺо°빦ˡ
ʵ۸ӽһǧвѡγиҵһˣȻ£ǻʲôĳɾأĺڴ
ãȹӪҵһץȫʵ۴Ӧӽ
£һ¡̲סˣ˳ʵۺӽĶԻ
ʵϻվ˸ɣתЦ䣬к£
£ڴȫ¼ѧΡׯأϿҵ
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ȥϡ衷ʱ˵ˣΪպʵ̣ûдϣл˵ˣǣ¡
ţʵ۷ѧѧĹϵѧʵеá
ѧԼǵУӶƲˮһ
ڶڶСأֻеԹã
ʵ˵㣬úе
ߵأϱݺֱ࣬ɽԭҰԶѧ棬ߴ磬Ϥ󡣡
ʵţ˵øˣģѧڱӪеγ̨ȣ䷨Ա߼ơ
ӽһѧ˵ôôԼ˵ͷͷǵҲһš
壬ӪȣڶʡҾȼ̣ǧ겻ܲ
ѧԹ˾ƻᣬô֮衣
ߣѧԲˮءһ迣ε̰Ķʧߣ¡
ڰˣʹѧҩʯΪ档
ھţڶܿɣ
ʮ©֪ʱ̷룬ʹָܸ©£ʡɡ
һ˵ѧʮôȻ󾲾ؿųʵۣȴۡ
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ӽһһڰĹɡȻܽѧѧѧĻǻеѧĻǲѧĻǾѧĻǽѧĻǲѧĻˮѧĻҽҩѧĻѧĻǼʱĻ
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ʵһӽǣѧ˵ҲҪʵѧкô
ӽӺףѧĽǰԼôͻѧŻѧء
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ʵһͻѧô֮󣬲ʵʦɶѧ
ӽЦŶԳʵ۵£ֻǵһƤëʵڵӦҲ˵ġѧʶĹɣиʵתˣˮƣʵõ˻ѧ֪ʶһʱΪһʡ
ӽĻҪŵǰܻᱻӡҪܻΪڣһ֪ϸĳʵۣһʱڵĴѧңģѧũѧˡ˶ӽĻ𾪵ˣǰ·𿴵һ硣
ӽû뵽ԼĻǰڵӰж󣬻½۵ѧ˽ıʣ֪Ȼ֪ȻѧѧѧرĻ֪ʶ˵ѧ߱ȫ¡
ӽ˵󣬵˰죬ʵ۷ӦãããһҪôȫȥѧٮٮΪЧ


147 
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һ澪̾˲ĲѧһΪԼӵһɣһΪľԺ
£꣬꣬ꡣһףԸʵˡ
ʵۿǰĸʵµĳӣϵصնлǡ
ӽæǫãûлҳܡ
ʵ߻ϣһ·ߣһ·룬ϣԵµ˵ȫ֮£ԽԽݡţǲҲ·һרųһŽй
ȻרܵˡӽҲ룬ѿڶ
̻񣬲޿ԣ䣬㿴ôʵȷԼĿȻ
쵼˿϶ô˵ﰵ룬ƫЩݲǺܿأҲûʲô
ʵ۵һָֻϣָ棬һᣬ޾ѽݴʾ֮⡣
ӢΪ񲿳Ϊ7ݡӽóʵ뷨͸͵
ʵ۵ͷٽһ۵ʱǰ׸
֪ʲô飬ʵ鲻ʹگӼ
ʽĻ˲ɶڣ˷ܵӣ΢΢һѵ˲ˮƳɹˣ
£еҲҪʵȻ棺£岻Ϊڸ˴ǳʣ¶ᡣ
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ΣʵҲûиֱڴǳˣȻ󷢻ʡ
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֪ӽƼԼ٣ϧֳˮ๦͡û׶ӽټԼһж
ʵ˵ͷ֪Ĺͣһֱʵ£ȷʵһԱʺϣ޻ν顣ϾǰܣθӦʦ˵ҲеҪ˹飬˭νһְأ
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ʵ֪Щİ벻ġңҲмӣӽ׸ľ
һһ룺׼齨δ֮£ֻҪִȥˣ˲Ժĳ֣Ժķչ췭ظģԺ³ƾ֮еһȣشһν飬ֻҪɺˣضʷ
뵽ʵ£Ϊ飬֮£ԭΪķ֮¡ӽ̻֮ԸΪ·ǡ򣬳Ϊ׸ν飬̶ֱ֮ȣ°ٹٲҲΪ֮
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ӽҲͦõģ׸齨ŵͷʾ͢ӣõµĹԱĵ㣬ǣӽͷͬ顣
ʵۼӽûͶ˵¸ϣ齨֮󣬻İ£ߡ
һϲǣ¡
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ǣ¡аԸˣ飬ͰһǧŵĻ̵ˡ
ųʵתһ££ˣּϸʡṩӣ꿪չȫΧ֣һֲռԭء
ǣ¡ҲǸˣд衷ĿĽԸһΪƷĹ顣ҪǣԼƹѧԸӣȫС
ʵ˵תӽʦ׮׮ĹͣȲͣˮƳ󣬷֮ɺã
ӽʲô٣͸ͬŴ򽻵ܲðȼȻʲô뷨Ͻ齨飻Ժûȥȫ棬ǶءԶԳʵ۵İûһ
ʵۼӽһûһȨ֮ģǸˣ˵֪㸮˶ö׾ݣ͸һӣÿնǮڿɡ
ӽҲһ¶ûƴǣֱлˡǵ̣ǿǱͨסʲܲҪ
Ļڵļ˶񣬵Ȼջľϰ壬ʵˡ̧ͷ⣬ǽʱʱ졣


148 ֲ̿
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ǣ¡֪齨ſ϶кܶҪæڳʵ˵ĸ˶׼Ҳң򶨵شӦʵۡ
ʵۺ²ŲæʱʱгӡʵĴ𸴺󣬾Ͷӵˣλ䣬һŰɡ
Դӽ󣬳ʵóԷĴԽԽࡣ
ӽʵôһ˵ŷѾˡմɳҪˮ࣬վסˣ£ʵ۵£ˮ࣬ϻմɳŴ¡
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ʵһеţ̫ˮԼʽҤĸ·ǷɹϵĳͺһϵаšˣæӦӽҪ˿ȥš
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ֻһˣûѾ̡ڰߵķϣžơ滹һȾƺоƣԼһ
Уȴŷ費ʱ̾һѽ⡣
Ȼõһ±ƿһ˽ŷ̧ͷȥԼǷԸҪ˹ôſڵĹѵԼˣ
ûŷ迴ˣһԹүǲ̫С˰
֪ԼϣŷǷԸ˾䣺ŹϡȻֵͷ˾ơ
ϲûøԼѾ߽ԼֻϣȻ⿪ŵƤ£ҵźĹҹϣߵһˡ
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ŷһֱӰѸȾƺطŻ棬顱һ죺Ҫ黹ҪϷ
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ϲΪȻûӣǮֲϸȻȥǰĴˡ
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ǵãǺЦзȴûеͬŵĵүɣǰ귢£ʱڹٳ;ʦΪЦ̸
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ŵؿŵķţȻŷͽԵʣ
ŷͷ̾ԣǵѹ˰˭Ҳ֪ϻ᲻ˡҪ˵Ļóȥ飬һ˻ᵹù
⵹ǡͬصͷĿõġ
Ϸڻǣǹ˺ŵģĻϷǻһ顣˵䱻ϵǣǹٹȥôĻܣܣҲǳԺȼˡ
ŷ˵⻰ʱ򣬻евʡ򲻵ѣ˭÷еȨ
˷¶ޣǧ׬ǮүֻҪƤӣǮʲôܱȵȨı˽סҲѹֵٵĿְҵ
ĵӿһ⣬Ҫʷһ鳭ңЩ಻׷ˣ
үǸô죿е㲻֪ˡ
ʲôô죬ϷѾ˴ǳôϲ׷ǰ£ͻϲٲǰµֽ⣬ǾͻκϷȥŷϷ
Ҫǻϸֱ׼أŮ˵Уֱʳһֿܡ
ӦòɣϷҲ㳯͢سӦû档ǣǻˣû֤ݣϷʶˣпŷ赹ûֿܣ𣬾üͷ
˵£ֶϵյǻѾһЩǰ֤ݣͻסϷԾβ׼ϷĴǳʣϷҲҪϼδǳʡ治֪סϷ治ƽǰˣӹĵ
һ¾үΪʲôһ˶úȾƵΪˣȥȾƺŷϣԷ


149 ӿ
˵ӽϻմɳԶԶʽҤ̴ð̣ˮӦǻС
˵մɳſڵʱӽʶſڵԼ
˰ٴһմɳ˸գŷӽӽһȱ˰ٴæſӭӽ
ӽߵǰʱ򣬹˰ٴæǰϥݼ
ӽط˰ٴ˵󹦳Ҷ֪θлˡңְұ⣬⡭
ӽ׾һ²֪˵Ǻˡ˰ٴæ˵˲̫ˣ±ݣְѡ
ӽǼһоڲС˰ٴƣеʵôˣ
˰ٴЦЦֱʾ£ȻصֻҪͣͬƽһû¡
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˲йͳ˲ĻԷ⡣˰ٴӽ˵⡣
ʵǳʵ۵˼Ͼöȥѫ󣬹жġ
ӽòĵлȻǽȥմɳ
ʼһ߲עţţ˱ȴֿԵǼӡ˲ȴһ㲻⣬˿Уػ̹ӡ뵽˲ʶһ㡣
ӽ·תʽ¯йۼʽҤĹ㳡ϣӵŰ壬ȴƽ
ǷӽƲ°壬׷׹񣬸Ц档
ʤ˵ضӽ˲ʽҤ¶ȹȻǰ߳࣬ˮƳ
ӽһʤϹ˵аղ˵ԼǸˡʤĴ£ȥ۲ʽҤ¯
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ʱˣһͿˡ
ˣϨҤɡӽֻҪѧӦﵽӦúܿͻƹ̣ڲСʱӦùˣ͸ʤ
Ѿڹ㳡ﰲȲ裬ӽýȥȴ¹ǿƵʱ򣬼ٴǿƵʱʲôǣū澵ıݡ
˵ڴУƷᵽ㳡ϣӽϸϸؽм顣
ӽһһݵļȥ͸ƨɺ棬ҲֿųϵƷ
Ʒб仯ֻ֮ǰʯҺճȽϴ󣬲ӽںķĩ״
ӽ˶ĥϸټˮʵ飬ʯҺճΪһˮ࣬仰˵ˮӦƳˡ
ʵӽǿʵЧ󣬶̲ס
ӽȻ˷ܣûôˡйʤ󣬷Ըٽб䣬ԭϸĥӽӴһ¯
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һˣʶ㣬дáũȫ顷ϿԿɼһˮı׼衣
ӽһҲǣϽԸʤ
ʤŹǣȻظΣɵøþ֪нǲһĸо
ӽֿʼȴʱ򣬲ûзʮˣҲ˽ʳеһҪۿ壬ʧʹˡ
ǣӽһһ߸˰ٴԺ󵽳ԷĵһҪѡ
ȴΪ⣬ֻҪܸɳɼԵ㷹ʲôԼһֱġĵףǸмӽĹġ
ڽʽҤЩ죬ˮԭ䱸־һƣڶεĲˡˣæڣȷˮ䷽ȡ
ӽϲðǼӲˣϺòˡźǣղƳˮ౻ʵˡ
ӽùǳҹһҤһϱݡ
մɳһƬͣÿˣǹϲ󣬷ĵĸˣھʦеĳѫۡȴһƬơ
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ţӽһĥɷ۵ˮƷһɵǰȥʵ۱ϲ˵ʵˮܷƳӽУһֱһݵģϾֻǴӴԽС˵ˮƣûʵھͷˡ
ͬʱ紦һٵһ֧Ȼؼǰóмԡټף翸ɫǹ
ڹٵһߣһȺٴӵһλԼʮŮһ˴죬һء֡ŮܱںһȺĹΪ׵Ĺٸ
ةͣ˴ذܽ²ȭĹٵ
ãǱة͵ˡܱڣĴ֮ҲǴ֮Ԥףܱ쿪ʤ⾩ʦ֮ΧˣѲҲһ񣬰
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׵ءȻĿԶȥ
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תӣѵ⣺ҪʲôʱҲһܰսʤ˴θƼΪɢҲǧةҲһ׼ư񡣡
ʹʹȤڨڨˡ
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152 ڼ
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Ҫǻ˱ط˵㽨²һҹɽأþսĵطǽ죬Ǳ䣬зḻľ顣
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163 
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165 
ʵ۷ӽЦֱסЦӣɵҡҡͷʦеʱǺСһ뵽ԼҲЦˣЦ
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ɫе㲻Ȼشʵ۵ˣ˳飬ֻǣֽҷл˻ţڹ
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һؿʵĺ󱳣û˵
ʵʵĻͷ׸ϳıԼǣɶ򡣡
ӽһ⼸ˣû͸ˣеܣҲǺ£Ҳ˵վǱ߿֡
ʵ˵󣬿¼Ӷ˵ʵλ䣬֪»кν飿
ʺͱϻ࿴ȻֿӽҡҡͷϾһ¾Ϳȫ棬ʱû뷨ˡ
Ӷûˣʵ۾˵ˣ䣬㾡һֽҷлİ³̣ڸˡ
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Ȼʵֶʵڸ˺󽻸ģԺ¡
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ʵ˵󣬿ӽǱڵģͶʦֽͬҷлͼֽģԾ;콨ɡ
ǣ¡ӽشûԹ⣬ܼܡȥУеĵӰӾ磬֪һڲṹ
ʵ۷Ը֮󣬸еһɣͿЦʦˮҪû˵ôãֽҷź󣬷ư
ᣬᣬˮЧþٸĽһеġӽһϽ͡
ʺͱϿӽ飬еıΪ񣬶űһɵöЦ
ʵҲֺһ£һ£ӽ˵ʦˮŷô
ʱ򣬿һ£Ѿˣֻ滹û֮Ķ
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ӽ˿˵ֵģֻΪ;û˵ѡϷգ۾
ӽһͼʱס죬ûŻȡˡ
ֽҷţΪ֮ãˣһ֡£ԹʮУˣްֽҷΪСλΣ
ӽĿɿڴѵоôģ
ʺͱͷ˵£⡣Ǹֳ֮֮
Ҳ֪ƨĸͣӽ
ʵۿλ֮ͬԼĹ۵㣬Ǹˣһ֣ԺŴ󼪵ʱȥҲʾʵ۵Ŀء
ǣֿʼʵ۵ë֡󣬾˶ɢɸ¡
˵ӽȥһнͼֽ󣬳ʵĻ칫жȻ˹
£Ѳʷ߽ݺϴǳԭ򡣡
Ŷʲôԭ򣿡ʵһ˵һ߼ͷ¡
˾±»óϲ̰ǹٹȥжƽ࣬ȴԺû֣εĹ٣Ҳֻгĵ
ʲôԵ棿ʵһ͵ذͷ̧ж
ǵģ¡
к̰²飿ʵ۽׷ʡ
£ūһ鵽˴ǹٵԭ£δ֪˵̰飬ū÷ȥ顣ж£Ȼʵ۱̬
ãܱӣ׬ӣȻ˦ƹؼ帣ûôˣ޲顣ʵ۰ëһţָʾж
ǣ£ūȥ顣ж⣬лˣشʵۺ󣬾ˣȻתŶȥ
жߵſڵʱ򣬳ʵۺȻֵ飬
жһΪ飬Ϳ첽صڣ£Ҫūȥʲô
ȥˣѽָʹԴޡ
жһԼû飬Ҳû飬ôͲԼˡųʵֵۣ̿ص£ūǲʲôˣ
Ǻǣģش¡֮ǰĳԼ̰ýȥ޵Զš
ʵۿжϻ̳ϿֵӣתŭΪЦͺͰؽ͵
жһԭԼ⣬ͷģȥſڣȥʵ۵ּ⡣
ûãָʹԾ͸Ϲˣӳʵּ⣬ƨƨߵȥˡ
ʱڸ׸͸ȴִ


169 ڸ粨
ߵʵİ칫ǰһȻ׸
к̧ͷһԭڸĸ塣ǣʵ£
мλڸԱ̧ͷȻֵͷĸ¡
ʹ˹ֵ¹ЩӣһԱ²죬׸ܽһ
Ŷ֪к£ܽǡһеëʷŻرʼϣר˵
׸Щ죬Ͼ£ҵΪڸ󸨳һԱȴ֪ǲǲ׵˵˵㡣
е̧ͷʼע̬ķչеֻ̧ͷһ۾ͼеĻ
ԣ˽Щ£ʣԵСȴŲæ塣
׸Щŷô£ΧԭմɳڣΪ׳ֲǺеʡ
԰꣬ϾͻṫģǺģġʺͰؽ
λ̧ͷֵĸһûɶ£Ͳٹעͷ칫ˡ
׸оʦȺ֮£ҲǺôԽ˵Խ죬лһ˿ɡ
һԣעмλѱʷŵ˱ʼϣٲԾ׼Ȱ
ҲмλﰵԸˣлԪȡ״Ԫλڸ󣬷ͷ̫ʢ׸λã˼ʡͻֻǡ
мȺͨʱԮʱȴûھ䡣
忪ʼֱˣ׸Ϊٹ֮ףԵ̿ŰϽԣðٹپڲˣ
йͨĸ󳼼⻰⣬뿪ڸͣǿʻǲŲæһӣֲðʧվ˶ӣû
ǮʵĶʦһֱԼʤ׸֮λűĻҲȡȴʡΪлƽʱǺ˵ġ
һ׸˵ɵеλվ
ʿǮվ΢΢ҡͷȻȻɫ壺֪κоʦŰ֮
ǡſھ˵ſڣȻе˵ڡܲ˵켩̰۸¾ʦԱĻ̻̰ɡ
¹ٵĳ֤ݣթٹ٣ʹֱ֮ʿԩⳭ֮ΪٵһͨǵҲʱĪеɱﵡ
һ֣ǿѹСʱãȻôطˡ
ָԭ¸ʷһа϶ݣΪβڽ᰸֮ǰ˵ȻܵʷȷΪԩϷϴ˰ɺã΢Ц˵ֳ׸ĵ
һһԼû֤֤ʷԩģҲûȤ¡ԼֻǷ̸ȴʸǣȥѡҪһʣԼ˵ʱĺˡ
ǣæ¹ٲ˼׸ˡ
һߵǮԼԵͷģλϡ
ǼλĻ̥ĸ̫ۣһʼͱѹסǣıߣ֪ûɶϷΪŵġŻȥԼˣʱ䰲ؼ㣬Ҫ˳ùͷ
ˣ˵Ҫ˵Ҫ뵱ȻҪûµĻͻȥ°ɣϷͷҲҪʲû˶һ˵һ˸ڱʼϵëʣȥ̨մմīˮ׼ͷ¡
ܲģԭصˣԮȻʳԼĵ¡
˵ûԹԵػȥõġ
ѹòʳ¡ң֮ԽͷҲΪ˵¡еԥǲǳֱˡ
ʿԥԥأֲߣ˵ֲ˵ӣüͷôûûˣϷ޲һӱãʱĥߴǣޱʵĪ£
ôһʣ巴ˣһȻ׸֪͢кδ㣬ΪȲûڸ飬æټȫתʹο۾ʦ
ǻϵ˼ҪġϷתʹٶѵ룬ջϾͻټڸгԱԼһ£ʱ֪ˣҲڽա
ղ˵ôѵǲศһ˵һָڰ칫󳼡
ڸԱһҩζˣ׷̧ͷ˹ȥ
⻰˵ùˣʾҲлȵϷ˵ǻϵ˼֮͢£ǻ£зֹ¶֪ʾ
ʵĴñһȥͳԲˡĵҲ˵ǻҪԼʾ֮԰
ŵɫҰףһʱ˵
ֵ̫ҶãĸæվȰ⣺׸ᣬëڣǸҲһ£׸˵Ǹ˼׸дƽϣǸ
ǻа־ķɣ޴һ¹ӳ嶯ͻˣ׸ˡ
۾΢һɨڸԱǶڿԼη塣΢һ룬ԼҲǸյڸ׸ã˵ó󺣣ĵһ£в֮ʿСлԱ״ԪеģֻҪԺٳ嶯ξˡ
ǣ΢滺ɫ˵ڿķϣξˡͷ飬˳ݡ
岻˵һ˻Լλȥˡ
Լͷ飬ڸָ˰
ؼңҵСܴסԼүһ߷ϽΣһСʵүȵüˣϢˣ
һۣȻ˦һ䣺ȥ˵˵ӣܴ


170 ˮཨ
صԼĸϺܴǰͷ·鷿һˣȥվ
ҲߵԼλԣȻܴûнţ鷿Źˣһӣ⡣
ϣ͢˼ټתʹο٣֪Ǻô˼߹ȥʵ
ճ֪ˡ
ѵδȵĽһ֪ϢͶһʱӦ䡣ϲ˼ĸܣ˸λ˼Ķ䲻ɣ˵ɭɭأźܲ
㲻̵һССܼҶѣڳ͢سǰ㡭ôȳ˵ȥˣԼκβ
αһССܼҶѣˣҪǼүа㣬Ҳн졣
α̵Ĵһֱ幵ͨ
ﰵ̾һĬ˻ᣬȻ˵ƥֻ˵ģȴ˵顣գϻټȺʱ֪
αһвĹ£Ͳټƽˣֻе㵣ǣүǵĳ͢ſٲᣬҲܾӪҵҪα㣬ϵ󣬶ཻǮҲû¡
֪ճ飬ἰһġ岻ò̬
αͷȻһݸ壺үǸϵĻѣٸҪһ͢˼ҲӪҵϲӸٲϵסǸٲϵ˲ܾӪҵһ㡣
忴ŵЩƱųĴԼȥˣ±ҲҪûȥƱ
α岻ӣΪԼղŶᣬǣƱŵǰϣȻСݵͼʱ˵ðʧ֡
αôһ˵Լڸѵ⣬ɵһաֻںް취һ죬Ҫƥȥ
ڶգʮʵۿ糯󣬾ʹٹǰȥŲιˮŷ
ʤյ֪ͨ׼׼
κһμţܻһСʵ۶ˮŷǺ棬ʶ
ʤǵһʥܼеźͺ£һֱ˵һֱʵʻſʼش
ӽ˵ļˮص㣬ʵ۶ʶˡرע˵棬ˮȻǹ⻬ࡣ
˼ǣһڵĵ棬Ȳˮȳʵۿ֮ɨȥˮٶԵǶǲȣ˿䣬ô⻬ࡣóʵۺ⣬Խˮ֮·ġ
лʵǰ淢ˮһȨ⻷󲿷ֳڻǰ׷׳ˮ෿ݡҲиӳñ˲ע⣬ȥˮǽ
ʵ۲ι֮ˮŷſڣתȺ˴ˮ࣬ԺףڽپʦҲһƬˡ
ŴķݽȺµľл֣һһ򣬶ữΪҽ
ٹҲ˼ԼʲôطǲǸĳˮཨȽ׵еھȥˮĺôҲˮ࣬˻ֲԼҡ
ϵһˮཨʵٹŵȺڼ䣬ܷ絲֮á
Ȼ󣬳ʵٹٵллعȥˡ
һӵּ⣬ʥ֪˲Ƽ¶˽
ǣ񣬴ʥּ󣬰һЩעٴϽǡ
һ߰мӽһ־̾ӽڻǰķ˵ƼƼⲻһõġ
źȥʥŵšʱĹԱɢȥ룬ֻ˻ˮཨ
Ҳ߹ȥֻûҲ⣬Ը֪͡ˮƣ֪˲׳ֶ֮ӽµʶѹֻῴ˲
˵Ļʵۣ˳ʵټԭ򣬾ظ֤ǽ²ϸһͶľںӽһǵʦҵ˺ܾõʦڲġʵȻѾһΣڵĽ֮£ǽŵһ
ôһʵ۸о˺öࡣҲ顣ȻڣӽƼ⡣
˶ǱȽϳصģһֱںͽ²̣Խ²ĿǱκ˶ߵġզһʵۻڸıȡⷪһӦʼȰɻϡ
ʵۺΣҲںܷģְͼڿ۽磬Ȼ󻹸ڷ˵вڽ²֮ϣͼıӦ䲻
ڵ۹еģͼƣ֪ǹڵȻٷԡ˲ƼеõʵҲҪҲѵѵҹգǰ߻бȽϴİ
ʵˣȻټ
ڵָ㣬ǻǶԱȷ²ʹеĺ˴óۣڽ²ǱߣΪ˶ûûΣûڵ֮ͽҪʮ˲ˡ
ҿԼ֪ܻϵĸ٣Ͷһóʵ۴۸ˡΪǧϸģֱӾ͵Ϊָ֪ͬһܻרŸϸѵ
һı߾νΪ׾պĽָ֪ͬԳʵ۵ʶǳмзһҪΪϡΪϸ
½ûлسӪڹμе顣ӽҲʵ۴˻һμӻ顣


171 飨һ
ĻС
ʵףڸԱʾסҲһֱڴ͵˾࣬Ҳ飬ܻסߣʹ˾Ķתʹת֪ͬԼοټͬ١⻹һˣͬ
˻ǵһϽǲ˸߹ĳ飬Ȼ̿е˷ܡ
ӽվڲܻǰ棬ﻹѾвͼǲǻʲôҪĵط飬ֻǣǻ顣
һʼʵȷףս£¹աֲϣ︳˰Ƿ̻ڴеı߾δ֣໴ɱ췴Ʋֹۡ
þģڸ׸Ĵ£˳
ӽûĬûи˵εվš
ʵԶӽŵµ󳼣Ҳ֪мĿһġ
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ʵ۾ǲ˵㣬Ҳ֪ģҪҲЩԱټˡ
ͬһȴеɻô֮°ԼҲͬԼְ漰
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ʵһȻȺŵϳǰִ֮ٷʳзʦɽԼ߾ʳȡ
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˰ɹѣ֮ãʵһûи⣬ֱùؼʵ
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ʵۿûٹֱѾñ֮·ɡ䣬ʣʩһ꣬Ⱥ顣
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ܻԴϴ¼֮󣬱ļţһֱơڿ۷׷ףð͵͵۲³ʵ۵ɫ»ϵ̬ȻתЩ۷׷׵Ĺٺȵྲ˵£ΪϷǣݵ˽½ͷӶͳ
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һˣͼ˵תʹ˾ο˾ɲüιּ֮
˻ԭλмֻվűϣϲؽ֮ǰ鶨βĻڷ·Ϊһ˵̨
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˺һᣬ˵֮תֵЩ帺ˣǵǿˣвʡ
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Ļ˸ٷϵûڿϴֵһ߿֣ȿ˵
ʴͷβûԣӽһڡЩ˵ķӦǼµʱпǵˡʲô⣬һһģòǳ˵
ʵҲԼͣͿϡ
ϴʱעųʵ۶ķӦڼʾ⣬Ͷ˵Բӣٽ˵
ڽһֻصϣӽǰ˵һһ˵ЩҪ΢ת䡣ڴܶٵģûһɵӣܿԭμ۽ͻЩô
ΪĴ󳼣оͰʡҲһЩĵϧһúöͷˡ
ǼòУ֪ԼЩ׬Ǯַôһ㣬˾֣μۣԺǹм˽򣬶жʧģ¾ˡ
ֺް취ܲ˵ҼҴϰʧأǲôɡҪô˵ˣĽࡣ
ʵۿ˵֮ûᷴͶԲܻ˵Ѷıλһݡ
ܻӦһȻֵµ̫ǿʼַһϣÿ˶һݣһٵķֵ
ʵͬʱʾҲѻı˶һݡ
ÿõһݵı棬ֻǸвͬȺһ߶Աһ룬б׼֣ڱصãһҪʵˣԼûԡ


172 飨
λĿǰʳβ۸񡢸ʳĿ۱벢Ǻܴλ鶨ÿʳζȣԼιķּ׼зʳһЩ¹ĳɰܣ֮ʵ۳ϿҵҪȺ
ϵϣЩתʹٵĹϵʹˡһʱûзԣصһϸϸ
ͬǵߣǳüۣﲻɵðӡ
ʵ۵һ֮󣬹ʱˣʾڸ׸
ǣʳ࣬תͬ˵ڿʼ鶨һʳβɸתʹοٳʱλͬ
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ܻͷԸϼ̫ī׼һ˼ǽۣһ˼ڳ󳼵Ľϸ
ӽûȿݵ鱨棬ʱҲϸϸؿ׼˵ݱ棬Դյʵǲ˽⣬˵˲á
ʵһᣬûһתʹοٷԣֱӵ㵽ֵֻ֮ðõĿﰵ޸ԼĿ
й㣬һĿƫͣϾʹιǷϽʳз޸Ŀ
һΪ˵оݣһ棬ϴЩ˲òԼĿ
һֱǿ޵ʱ򣬱ϲŷŹǡ
ڸԱżҲԣǻǱϡǲ뷢ԣǱϱֵĺ̫һˡ
ǰʱ򣬴ҶǷ̸˵ʲôԴҵ©в⡣׼ʵݣ˵û׼Ҳֻ֣᲻
˵ǵӰ첻Ǻܴ󣬴̵ĸУۺˡЩ棬ԼεķûܽͣڰգкȻⷴԵ١
˾һ߿ټ¼ܻ֪ʵ۵ӣߵ¼̫ߣһһߺʵ¼ݡ
Ķͷðһ㶼Ӱ첻ķչΨиż
ڳţʵۿĽչڰռƻУҲǷһʯͷ
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ȺһȫѲʷְλȨܴ󰡣֪ǷѡҪûеĻøϽƼԼλ
ĹǵڴУʵۿڵͬڣ
ͬڳʵ˵ȫѲʷʱѾеԼǰĿģֻǲΪʲôѡ
ʱʵ۽͸Ͻǰشʵ۵ڡ
ʵۿǰˣңͷߣһֳĸо
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ӽҲڿͬһСҲԣеȻ
һƲԣֳ£Ϊ̫ͬᣬ鲻㣬²ڵȫѲʷΡ
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ʵЦŻӦ׸˵òǶΪ֮ˣ޻ڴǸٳעһɻôֿ֮ķС
ΣǰԺԼȴ˷ԼĿĵϰ
ʵۿ˻ԭλ֮󣬾Ͷͬ˵ȫѲʷһְ࣬ҲкܶѣҪ˼׼
סͬһ˵һͦţʾԼη
Ѳصʱμ۲ιɸʵȲ̫󣬲֪͢ʵٴȨ
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ղĻҲеϾᣬ֮²ʧöͬʱעԷһ
ͬȻԼġ
Щתʹοͽпˣ˸ѲʷලԼͺܲˣֶһ˿ֲĶලǿգǲɵöǣ޵ֱҧ
ʵ֪岻˵ʵҲǻöġһðͷ˳ˮۣȺϲĶذ˽ȥ
鵽ͲˡȺ˳ĻҴһȥԼ顣Ͻȥαȥ˵˼ĹԱҲɳԼţǰֳеشչ׬ȡۡ
Ҫֳ֪Ϊʳβ㣬ܳ˶˼ˣûжһйϵܶһĴ̣ԼеĲֳһ꣬ҲԸһΪһҪ˰Ͷ࣬һһЩһЩ˽ʵݡ˲ֳһֱߵͣɷֽ
ڳ͢¶Ӳһвֳ԰Ѳֳͼչ󻻳ܴ׬һʡûжٹԱģ׷׿ǰȥ


173 ĸ
Ļڣнͼڸʵۡʡϡڽ⣬ӽһ߲䡣
Ϊˮཨľ黹ƵòǺӴֻǼ򵥵ټһҡų룬ֱͬҵʹá
û֮󣬳ʵİ壬Ͻ⻮һأϿʼ˽УͶʹãǱ߿ʼӡˢֽң˿ԱãͬʱС
⣬ʵۻԸཨһЩˮʽҤӴⶫҪҲҪ֮ʵԤˮ࣬Ϊƻеɶս׼
Ļڵˮصݣٵʵ飬һֱ۵Ÿɢȥ
ͬصԼļңżТšԼҹϲɫЦŵӣŮˣ
ͬѽʮ޻䡣̫̫òУѰ˼¶ͬˣԵԼ񲹵ְ֮Ǽ¡һҪɳһòܳɼҡ
ТȴǴСͬ󣬶֪֮ͬиԣԼеŮӲȢΪ̫̫ƻ飬ҵΪɣ֮
ڿͬϲüҵӣ֪ҵԭԼҹ˿ġ
Ҫ˵ҵżԴͬ󣬼ҵ䡣
ֱ䣬͢żͣ𸴣ͬ˵˸񲹵ˡҲͽ˶ѣˣһͬð
ˣТԶҵһ;ΪͬϲԴˣҲ̫̫ܽੲݵ߶ˡ
ͬЦҡҡͷТ´ˣɷҵδɣԼΪҲ볯飬ûãվҪѲˡ
ТһȻеɻ󣬸оϢеͻȻǺŵȷϣӴԵ棿
ɶƭģĸ״ģȥϢͬЦŻشТԼҲоһ׶ûС
ТӲ˵Ц֪ģ´ϲæϷϵŹӳԷء
ͬƲТ̧Ⱦöȥ
Ҫ˵̫̫ʵҲϣʮҵֻͣǼﲢԣͬ磬ԺǲͣԵЩ
ͬؼҵʱ仹ûе㵣ģſڵĶվ߹ȥպÿͬߵͥԺ첽
ͬĸӭæºűˡ
ϿԼТ˳ӣοͬĲ֮£صλ¡ȻûҪ˲ķϣܶӵĺ⡣
ѾСѵתȥϷˡ
ͬĸ֮ЦյûټȫѲʷһְվҪѲˡ
һȫѲʷûֻĳصѲʷְλۺķȱڶӻȫѲʷȨƸء
ûͬеظˣɻͬΪʲôҪҪһְλ
ʱТãЦϸ˵ϲϰڰ֣ͬĻش
ͬЦЦ͵׸ϾټģԺ֮磬£ԴҪúĳ徢һϴٳĺ
ϺϼТ࿴е㲻ףżҺʹ׸ûйϸ𰡣ѵǿͬĲŸɡ
ɽʶ׸ʵ
ͬҡҡͷ
ѵ׸ŮˣТ˵
壬ˣ֮ǰʶ׸׸ûŮ֪οʶءͬһТķḻ룬˵
ֻΪԼҲѧž´˹עžûнӴͬȻͲʶˡ
żҲ˰ûв³ʲôԭ׸ƼͬõĽֻͬĲŸ׸ע⣬Ͼټġ
ڵĴԲžټ飬ѾǳˣձйϵǮŻᱻټ١
ʱѾСѾΣͰѷ˶ˣҲżҲԣûˣֻ˾Ϳԡ
һˣҲĿˣڷϣϷ˿Ӷһڡ
ϲûжߵĶӵɽѾȥȫѲʷˣ
ͬ˫һȭϷ˹ֵ־һȫѲʷһְ˵ַ£Ȼĸ׵϶ߣǷҲҪã׸ټ֮
ϰüһ壺Ļô죿
ȺѴ°ˣ̸£ʱ򣬱˵ȥýڼﲻۼżܱýŸ̤ƽˡ֪ͬĸһֱԼĻ£͸չ½ֵܳ˳԰ġ
һԼ˵ÿţɵЦЦȻȻѾҲ㡣˻һ־ǺõģжҲõһΪﲻµҫֻƽƽġΪм仰ҪΡ
ТС俴ĸӣҳӰĸӡ
ͬе㵣ĸײԼȥְĸôͨοæ˵ĸ״лһӡ
ѲʷһְǸȱѲأкܶ£㣬ƣɫ㶼μǣΪϰ£ԼȥǮܵġƽʱΪüǵǺΰѱ˹żѡһׯصضӡ
ף֮ѣġضɣһİ£رϡͬҲػش
ãΪţ㣬ܾڴˡһᣬţ»ڶǼй˲ؽѵλ˳ó³ǼҾȨı˽ıƣҲȱ˶˼ǼҼҵ䣬ûжԸǼҽϵ٣ȥ£Ҳĵ㡣̸̸ţȻܽ˻ͬ⡣
ͬһ룬Լҵƾˣǣμĸ׵Ľԡ
ϰѻһ󣬲ſʼӳԷ
翪ϲϾΪϿأʵ£һ¡
˻ϲ˳ͬΪʷĸ߽ݣģôԼĴǳʻû֪ϻô
ʱңһˣҼһֱڼװĸ߽ݡ


174 Ӱ
߽ǰûмװڴʵүкμ£ҹҡ
Ǹ߽ͬźԬѫļͣһҼүС˸֪ˣУξҵҼүǰЩ飬Ӧԡ
ʲô飬Ŷ֪ˣүʲôô߽һʼԺ£ʲôǰЩ飬ȻͷԼ飬ʲô顣
󣬸߽е㵣ǡ
ǰʱ򣬴ٳ˭˭ɾҪõ㻹ûڹٳ죬ԴҶõ޼ɵ
ΪҶ֪Ҫ飬ֻĹѫ;˭ûãΪɾˣôˣڣ˭Żϻ·ų
Ҽү˵ҪʱŵѪҶɾŻᱣաԬҼ͵ԼүԸ߽ݲʣ˵߽𣬾˵߽үĽ飬ѹش
߽ˣپۣɷϣӺãˮܺǰһˡ
ûܲˮ⡣ڴرЩ꣬èģֻС⡣
뵽߽΢΢ͷֻԼ̫ùȲ鵽ԼԼƲ֡
Ҫȥˣñȥѽˮˡ
ȴ֪Ԭѫ⣬ҲǴ⣬ȿúѱܹ٣ֿԸδĹԱԬѫԼ
߽վⲽһ󣬴⣬Ԭѫļ͹ֵȥҴˣֺ󣬸ԵŰл
Ȼ߽üԬѫļͣԼֿʼⲽŸͶô͸ָʹԡڽѾڲˣ˿ɲУһҪڽ֮ǰͳȥΪˣ߽˲ϸһֱҹ⡣
жٷ£̫ڶճ𡣽ʱʮ֣¥ƹüؿŵûˣһղһա
²֮أⶼá¥Ĵ˿ǣҲЩ͢ԱʱСһǰȡڣپȼ֮󣬾¥һǧɡ
Ҫ˵Щ˶ѣʡµǮͶЩƹҲ˵ʲôЩûôģ󲿷ֶڼԺѡ
²һղߣһղɢȥۼھʦϣѾʦ̧ࡣ
¥ĳɱֱò߲˼άֵ֣һЩǰԼεͨˣҲٹԡ
ɶʱǸͷƹţſڴϲѯƹģаûУ
ƹһţæӭȥų̀ʱýߣվϴ˯С
ѽ簡þûˣ¥ƹһϲһ˴һͬӭϵи޸檵Ķæк
ЦǺǵؽ˵ţһһ¥ֻļòͣ΢΢һûӰ飬Сǰͷ·£ǰ¥䡣
ƹҲȥƣƽʱҲǺǮӣ﷢ƹˡ
˸ٽֵİ䣬С֮ЦŶƹ˵þƺò˾գҺֵǲ顣
ƹӣЦӦȴûж
һƹӣ֪ʲô˼Ҳûա
ԼǰûǮȾƣЩǮǮСļƣĽ硣
طǮүǮҹȥСźһźǰӡ
ڷ˲ƣֵԼ԰ڵʱˡֻбƹôûǮˣ԰ͣ
ǣǣȻˡʲôˣôءƹæ˵Ȼ󻰷һתֵɵⲻã³˹أĿҪȸᣬģСʵά֡
ˣˣʲôƹأԭԵ·ˣĺˡ˵꣬ӻͳһֽеһţһߵݸƹһ˵ոˣþƺò˾ľͲˡǸǾ¥ˡԺ󻹻ᾭˣɱ𵹱ûȥԡ
л֧֣ͣСôܵءƹһùšƱһ߻ͷԸС죬ԸѵƲ˶¶һ֣
СҲǸˣֺǺǵشӦһ£ת׼¥ȥ֪ͨ
ߵſڵʱ򣬺Ȼƹں溰һȵȡе㲻⣬תȥ
ԭƹԸС󣬵ͷ뿴ƱֵͷֽƱæסС
ƹת磬ǲôˣ
Ҫͬ˵ƹʣ̧ͷһ£Ȼûаʲôô
⣬ⲻƱƹΪˣæѵ
ֲϹ⵱ȻƱˣ˵
ɶƱ㻹ң뵱ү˵ʲô˲ңǴ;¥ˡƹžеϵЦȻûˡ
һƹɫƹԭ֪Ϣѹѿˡ
תͷԼͬ飬һ࿴ȻƹЦƹЦĪ
Цʹˣסƹ͡


175 СĿ
ƹģ㲻ֳֵ֪Ǯô
磬ǰգһ˵һݲֳʮҲڵһֻǮѲɲֳļǮܷƹӣ֪б䣬ǣŲµ
СһЦȻŶƹջּҪȫʳβ֧вֳܶһ˵ֳֵǮ
棿ƹһŲֳֶ΢΢
ôţҪȥôֳǳԱ˳ŵģһ˵һߵԼŲֳλá
ģƹȷһΡ
񿴰׳һû˵
ƹ￴һ𰸣ڳЦԼⶼʣŵ
ƹֿһͬ飬һһԼĵӿһɿϲ
ƹڷɵȵòͷˣƹֳջǲգҪյĻԸһҳȥ
˵ʱͷֻƹһ߰Ѳֳջػһ˵ûάԼ
ûƹȴѽֳҲգպá
һ˸ûȤԼϢģղֳӱ¿ˡ
ƹ˫ֵŲֳûȥ
ɫԣϽ͵粻ҪᣬϢֵηǮԺúȺãȫ⡣
ƹһϿңǿЦӣһһûزֳһ߲µĪƹҲвٲֳ
ǣֻҪʱȽϳľ¥ݣܻȥչһЩײˣһö㡣ûջȫһӢ
ƹһվֱӣһ߸п
磬˵ܲ͢ôôƹе㵣ģ
ȷʵôֳ꣬ԽԽ࣬˼ҵĲֳó˷ֽʳεĲȫһֳһͬҲʡ
㲻֪˰ɣҲ˲ķϣϸϸ˵ͬ˵
һ˵һͬǶΧӣġ
ϰ˰Ӽһʮʡתʹٶе˾ʦ磬Ļ˻ᣬڸ󣬸飬˾ȫμӡƹġ˵˸ͷò̧ͷƹ
ƹҲţһϴӦһ
ûû˵ģҶŶӽ
ԶԶԣƹģϽϾƲˡͬҲϽ
ƹһæǸȻСȥ֪ͨˣϺþơ
ȻѰ˼ǲԼһˣȥֳ飬Ƿ˵
ûг԰͵ǸӵˣһǲܱϢԼ˵˵б۵ģƾԼ˫۾Ҳûм١
ƹû¶ģԺһˣϢ
ԭȵõϢˣǱչֳʱѾչĲˣʵϢԺɳȥµļϽ档
ƹһ˿ģϲܻغԺȥŵĲֳǰôӣڿҪغòС
һϲֳھ¥п˵緹Ǯˡ
һʱ֮䣬¥Ȼ˲࣬ƹСٵ˿ͣȫֺǺǵġ
Ȼ˲ֳ˾ֻжڼˡܵ˵ԭֽͬĲֱֳֵǮˣǽԴϲ¡
˵ͬһߺȾƳԲˣһ߰յ¡
˵˵ţһͬȻʵûз֣ϺǰĻʵ۶һˡ
ʲôһڽǵôһͬ鲻ΪȻ
ҲǾƺȶˣͬ飬ȻصصҪˡ
һ־һƣ˺ףô˵ģŲҪء
лϵĺ鸣һʲƵ˷̰ϡ
ѽۣ˵ˣǳ͢Ҫ档˸Ļ˸˵
Ըȷһ˵ûŹ
ҲҷԣǰľƱһȻûôڳ͢Ĳ棬ȫǴ׻ˡ
Χһͷ⵹ʵи˷ͬˣ׻ôһͶҪǰǻͣûǰɣ
Ҳһʶֵˣƽһ죬ʶֵ¶͵ҡͷԵŪǵˮƽ
˵£ͳЦûŪˣ͸Թϡ˵ڵĹٶдǰĲ棬ΪǣǸʵеôΪǵģ
Լͬ鶼ڵͷͬԼĿһ⣬˵ҽ֪ɣڸĸнʿǰУдµˮƽһܱȵôǲǣ
˸ϽͷĴڣдµˮƽ϶Ǻˡ
ҽڵôдģʵ
ôдģղŷ̰ϵ˺ʵͬ飬һˣǹġ
֮϶ʲôšһͶԼϾĶ
Ե
ΪʲôüһʵԹҪϾģڲöϾˣ֡
ǻϷϣԷױšºⲼһͨ׶ôЩǻϿģɶ⡣
ѵǻϲĳˣţȻõһµĽۡ
˵ܣ¿ʼôһͬͬԼݡ
԰ɱ˲һǳģ˳츮ǰȥ飬¶н
˺Щ飬ڸ׸ϻ硣˺üʷء
˭˵أĻ̵̻ģ֪һֵ˭
ȫˣûһöɶ鶼ҪǮȻиͬŭطй
ЩƽʱûȨû֮ˣÿκ͹򽻵ҪǮЩ
Ļһ֮ȻһϺٹٸЩǮǿж˾ˡǮʱһһݣǮʱһһĲǶ
ЩֻԼƤʹ죬ûѳ˵Ŵĸܡ
ǸʶֵͬȷˣæǵĻڸǺģϵĹ֮϶Ǻõģǲǣ
ôһע⵽ͷĽղҲȥˣǣϽתʼȴһС
ǣղתΪгƱյ
ʵȻ֪С˽µۣʱĻ¡ǰ


176 ݱ
ʵе֣ϸջشӪôôޣѵǾб䡣֮£æټ
ڻǺһȽĲĻȻʵһĴɤűϲѶ£²ǰչɽأ飬ȥˡ
ʵһ¾ɽǽ²һϢˡ
֮ǰʵʵ۵ģҲе㵣ɽܲס⡣Ҫǽ²񻯣ƽľɽҪһزסԵġ
ɽؾס˿飬ֻǳĺãһ˿Ҳͷˡ
ʵ̸ڰһȻеɽؽݱϸϸؿ
ʵۿ֮Ÿɽľصأûµһ֮Ƶĵе㵣ĵڵʦ²ǰȥǸΣˣ
ھǴɽصĽݱϿһЩԸʵ۱ϲ˳˵
شʵ۵£赣ǣ²Ѵ죬ʿߣ֮Ѿã˼УٹǲңƽõĹЩѾȫըɽ¡ˣֻҪҾسǣزý²⡣
һû˵²ƶɶľ֮ôණû˸֮ġ
ǿǿŵʱҪ˵ʱ򣬾Żȥܣǻƴ
ֻһֱʤ̵ƻάǵս⣬۵ʱ򣬸뷨ֳܿ
ʦ֪²ʿߣǲ˵²޲ˣʿߡʵȻԼ˼ά˵ʲôš
²ɽ֮ǰʿǸߣʶɽصҪ̵ĻȻˣūû˹֮ģοµĽ²ءɽأһս˿ɼ²ʧȥ֮ġھ͸ʵ۽һ
˾ͺãʦʵ۳£Ȼ˵²Ȼʿ޸֮ģܷڳǣ
²ھ֮һգվܻһ졣ھһգ۾޼ʵÿһʱ鿴ۣһֱڵǡ
ǰЩղ鳭ã֧Ų֮öá
ҡҡͷʱδ죬²ڵսǰ˲٣Իǻ֮ʦǰ򣬱Ұսһս˵ǿ֮ƣȡʤ˻˵ҪʦΣӡҲý²αڣټҰս޾彨²ĲӶסСһһô
ʲôôʵе㲻ס
²Ǿٹֻ֮Ҫĵȴʱһھ֮ػ²ȻЮսʤ֮ɶָտƽˡڸʵ۷ĵȴھ֮һٻ²ĺô
Ҫһٷ̣ѽ²ˣô֮صİոôĴҲֵˡ
ʵ֪ȰԼҪģȴᡣ
źеǰҲˡʵ۾͵ͷʦˡҧ֣Ҳᱣ֤ĺǡ
ʵ˵⻰ʱǲץ̰ٳҾܶԸһˡͷҲֻһûϸ롣
ڿʵԼ˼οͷӢ
ʵղ˵Ұսӣǰȥܱ˿ɺã
֪ʵ۵飬ȥҲ޲ɣͬΪҲɣ֪ؾг̣׼
ʦӦҲ֪Ӫһֱδ١ʦˣΪεĹ֮ᣬδڴдˣ޵һЩӪ飬ʦǷСʵһʱ޻˵ԼĲڡ
һӡӽӰֳ֪ʲôӣʵ֪˲ʲôӣ
ǣʵ̹Ůȫ˳ȥԴӳйܰʵҪ˵һЩҪʱ򣬾ͻôȻбƶʵʩˣôһ㡣
̹Ů֮󣬳ʵ۾ͰӽնԾӪ飬˵һ顣
һһͷ˲ıԶǣûͽ²򣬾Ѿսܱӵصвܱһ֧Ӫǿ
ڵȳʵ۽󣬷ԼĿ£˲һãΪȡ뱣ܣĲȡ
ʵۼصҲͬ˲ߣ޵ġ
ھʵʩϸڣ·ܱپ֮£սȷΪáİһϽ԰ŵѧȥҵ˳µ°šڲϸڡ
ãʦ˵ǡʵ۵ͷȻ˵ʦҪѵһ֧µһǿ֪ʦô


177 ˼
Ŷµһǿ˲ôĿһ㶣ɵ
ʵЦЦ޵һ޵ڶʦҲˡ
ǣʵ۰ӽҪڸһ顣
һһЦ˲˵ÿţʵûס
Ҫ˲ΪֱҪжҪµһǿھͲòʵȰɡ
˲Ҳ˹֪֮һ֧СʵʽʧܣҲûжӰ졣
ʵ˵ھͷԼĿ£¿ַ˲ԼҲ˵Դв졣»һƻھмʶʶ֮Ƚ׵
ʵۼڲӽ֮٣෴ֵ֧̬ȣҲǸˡ
ʦʦҲǱȽڴǲǵʱದһʦأٿ¡
ˣ£һ۴ϱࡷǳ޻¹Ƽ̡ܱéԪǵ˺ϱɣ˲ȥճı飬͸ʵƼ
ʵһ⵹Ǻ£˵ãʦҲһҲ
ڴӦͷϡȻеһЩ񣬲ŻسӪ
ڸûãָʹԾ
ʵΪ̰ٵнˣټʻ
ϵ£󣬳ڽŰ칫˸һݶգ¹Ŀ
ʵе棬֪ʲôա
ʵ۷תһСľУһֽ׼ȷ˵һʷ߽ݵļ֤ɾʦĺһһһƱ
ʵһ㶣ʲô˼Ȼ̧ͷ˿¹վŵĽָʹȻ׹Գһŭ⣬žһеֽĵϣôĵӣǸ߽͵㸮ϵģ
ȥҼңҷ˵ġԹش
ãĺܺã޺ο󷽣һ־һȻˣ޾ͲˡԴΪݣüץˡ̰֮¡ͬһץ֮
ʵ۷ǳԼĽ˳ľãЩȴ֮ĲƸ
һβ鳭;Ӫᶽʲһʮ֮࣬˵Ǳá
ʷ鳭Ƕʮ֮࣬Щڹһεá߽ҲֻһƷʷһֻ¸һ֮ࡣ
ʵԽԽ͸ָʹֱȨץˡ
ʵԲûгʵôֻ࣬ǳ֮ǰһֱ㣬ʧȥȨơĹٱ۸бһ
ҳ¿ʼ֮Կܳʵ۵ĳţһᣬΪԼ׬η֣ýһֱѹš
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̫˵Ľ𽫶̧ͷ۾ųǰֶǰ񡣾֪ԼĻЧ
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ǲŷ˽ԼؼܣȴԶ˹ڣϰ
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ҪǵҲô١ҪǻǰΪ볡ʹͣǸ첻ϵġڴҶ̵ܶ˭ƴ
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еֶΣ˿Ѷƹĺۼʮ֡˵˷ѶҲЩĳģҾǿ


181 趯Ա
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ΣͲǲˡǾܷģپܣҲȥ²ȡƽӦѡһ˵һעŵϵı顣
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ǣӦѡϽһǰǽ۲顣


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ӦѡһͷԱʿԣ˼֮£ЦһֱЦΧе˶עĿΪֹסЦ
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ԭ֮ʱ̫ʱֻʣЩ̫ڸΧ䣬ʲôܴ¸ġ
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186 ڶսǰϦ
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ԼҪ˴ͱҪɵЩС޾άŴҲûЩ̨ÿ졣
뵽ʵԣЩ涼ץ
Ҳڸ󣬷ǰĳǹѾֵǰ
ʵſԼʦĻڴµᵽ׸λãѹס˵µĳ
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һᣬߵýˣŷԭԼǣʼͬʱҲԬѫ͸߽ݡ
߽ʧôҲ̲ˣ
ʼ˶ĴԹûԼҲûŹѶгˡԣصһ룬Ԭѫ͸߽ݵԹûôˡ
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Ѻʼ˵ͷʱѾĴˣͷشߵԺеǻģ߿ߡ
иԽˣߵԬѫ͸߽η濿һηſڣ˿Ȼתʼ
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ͷ֪дһʣͶǰǸ°ͣʹ˹ȥһηιۡ
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ӣղūˡһ̫һ߶ķŹ¿ͷһ߱ԼĻ顣
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ڼȻҵһȥȰˣҲһԡ
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192 ڶȰ
ӦͲӦѡһɽܴξˡ˴ܳ͢٣һ·ǰʦӦ˵ӦѡϵãаȰæܵ
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ʱѳڴϣȻôĺ䣬ȴƬֶѵء
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193 ƭɹ
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ѵôƷԸҪԼȫϡҲûлӦԴΪɼװΪͶҪԭģҲͶһػᱻƵСسȥ
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Χһ㶣˲Ѿˣɱùжһ仰ˣôҪȥȾƣѲҪͶ˰ɣ


194 Ϊ
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ӽĶһڿ˲Цװ£ȴԺЦ
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ӽԼ뵽ǻۣ˲ִ˱սص飬᲻ԸĽġ
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196 Ȼǲ
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ڱòֱӣΣƽʱ˵ΪȴΪַŶܣܹ
ӽǵ飬һˡ˵˼Լкܴûкء
ûҪʵۣҲҪıؾ֮أɽһӹں͹Ҫǲ᲻һеȥԮ
ӽ·𿴵ǣڶյļ֮󣬿Ԯ²ƣصѪУֵϾɱһĻ
ԼôͿŲȫǵŮٶڽ²֮£ܾˮԼԽֺڣѵҽ˵ҪȸˣҪС
ܣֻԼƽΪμҵһֽڶѡʲôһˣΪ˸ˣ˽һֽڡ˵⻰ˣбڱһ棬ûʸ˵⻰
ô˵ȥȲأӽӼٿʲô취˵öǡϻǺν࣬Լļ֣òƽ֮¡
ƿӽһ֣жʱӽ˸Ĺۣ˲ȻһĴٹ˲һһģΪ룬Ϊǡ
һǺοɸ٣²Ĳ״󣬾ҽ²ɱɡ
ڿΪôżаԾ壬ԼǲǸ˵ʲôͦһͦ
ȻӽЦ
оеһӽ֣룬Ѳ˲ˣЦһ


197 Ҳ
ӽЦ֮Ȼ˵쳯ϹľӣףȽ²࣬ȴ۵Լſڡ˼ȡֻ֪ܱͨն硣˾ӣҪ֮ãҶϣȾݣðһȺ
ӽ˵֮תͷվŵĹ˰ٴߡ˵վ׼ˡ
һæվסӽ˲ߣлú˵
ˣ֪ӽģ϶мӣԺӵĹ滮öڵġ
ȻԼҲûΣεĻԴӽľټԼ˲ͻҪ֮ѡĻȷϸӽ
ҾĹ۲죬׸ʺӽĹϵҲͬһ㣬жᶽӽĹϵҲܺá֪֮䣬ӽǴٳĽɫˡ
ڲӽߣӽвһһԭ򡣾ȲȲյǲ˵ģҪôӽˣһЩʷԹٻʹվ侮ʯɵģǲŲῼΪ롣
ӽߣһ˳ˮ۵վסˡǴŭ˵ôú˵ûоӵıҲͶ²ֵӣγ͢Ԯһ仰ͰǶ˽²òİվһ˿
ӽ˵ҲȷǸλָһôնԳ͢ԮİΣܿô軯ΪһƬ棬ʬҰǵĸףﻹŶǵΡûԮǾܸͬô
οɸӽǳؿߣǰֳһĻĻǰģ²̣Ĵׯˣֱʹʱӽһʣκ˶Ҫͬܡ
οɸٱ֮£ٺǰһȭӽһֵĩԸ
һʱ֮䣬οɸٵľٶ˵Ŀ⡣ٰοɸٻǸǰһɣҲڼǰֹ
ӽ⽫վȻʶ˭ӽǸˣ˵ãжǼǻϡһǰȥòİףûзǣ͢ûǡԣҲǴ԰յ̬ȣҲǻϵ̬ȡ
ʷϿʵ۶ڽũ岻ǽ˻Ǹ̬ˡʵʹһ֤˳ʵ۶ǲҲ̬ȣֻǿϧʷûһﵽ
ٺǽӽĻͬУرǶӽ˵Ĳ˵ΪˣڹгɶżһֱĹ¶С
ҲҪȥ˵ʵȥΪûֶͨԽ²Ŀ־֮飬Ҳվ˳ȭӽĩҲԸ
СϤ踽ΣԸΪ̽·Ҳվ˳
ӽˣȻһ仰һһѡ쵼ܣµĽͣ󲿷ֶûûиս֮ʿֻǱ˰סսѡ
ãǶǺģĺˣǾȥȥȲյģӽǳŵ
˲Ҫ嶯ŵӽһͰµ˵˹ȥа˧ְȵӣûͬӽΪ
԰˲۹ҪųԶ㡣ټӽˣŭ˵ʹŵѵĿˡ
ҷųԶ㣿ҿǲĿ⡣ӽĸ߼죬ط
һӽ˵Ŀ⣬ͺˣҪӽǼƾҪˡ
ȻӽĻǶ˵ģҲе̶
ӽһٵ飬֪ﲻ˵ҿǲȲԭ˽²ʲô²Ұս޵У򲻿ɵУǳ²ǲǣ²һССسǣ滹ȫϰշصģ˼ζ
ӽ˵תڵ治֪ǰôͽ²ģѵͷ۲ɣһԴȣͨɶ԰̣Ȼη彨²绢Ƕˣοǵµıأ
ڲɵÿЦ򲻹²ʵǶ෽ԭоͰܻԿúȱѪս֮ʿ٣ֻнļҶܴ򣩣ʿҪԭ֮һûıЩҲûеϵӣڶԴ²սֻܲȡĲԡ
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λ棬ӽİ֮£̭еĿֵõϣ֮ǰļʱѲڡ
Ҫʿ⣬ʿʿʿձԽ²Ϊ²޵УӮ²˸ǧټƱԼʵȥͽ²򡣷Ϊܴù²ȥ١
һõʱܹʿȴܡ˵Ŀ⣬ѵ˵ˣӽڴ˵š
˲˵Ȳ֮ô˼ӽ
ǣǵж˵²£Ҳͨ˶ѡ²ΪʲôҪ裬һҪ²裬Ϊʹǵľūʶ㣬أжʶ㣿оֻһӽ٩٩̸ûһ
ʵҲȷ̫ǲΪԼ˵ԭ򣬶衣
Ӧס裬ūóѣȻΪʤһʤֵ̡ȴн졢䣬ʶ²ʵԼһͨʱ򣬾͸ڳںͽ²̣ô²ĺӾ͵ͷˡӽ˵
оһʱѻȸ˼ӽⷬ
ӽԾڴˣȰں٣Ըղվǽʲô֣жˣ


198 ²Եת
ĩοɸ٣ǧɹǲοɸٴص
ĩλگǧɳս衣Ҳص
ӽһ˶ˣرǲگ׹һԱͽмǧӦǿȥȲˡ
£ӽֱӶһֵȲ̲ݻǡ˵ϲӣڴӪſڵǡ
ĩ˶ûȥͷ˾ٵɫתʶȥ
أһӽûиæʵ
ӽԼľˣɫ㲣͹е˵Ѿ۶գξͲҪȥˣϢһġ˵٣Ҫʲô£㾡ܸ˵һΪġȻٶ໰תʣ˰ٴණϡ
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ڿӽıӰ΢еɬ˵ҹգСĽ²ҪӲƴ߲սý²ȫǣĵ²Ȼͻˡ
ӽһ֪֧ԼˣȻתȥȭһֵлˣҲӲƴģڡ˵֮󣬲ֱͣӳʶȥ
ڵоֻԼԼƣٿźղӽ˵ĻܻеĴúûӣԺƺվŸ
ڿź˳оʣ˵˲˵ǷеģʹǧȥȲ裬еðաǵѹС
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ӽŹ˰ٴȶӪſڣȴοɸٺͲگĲʱ˾д۽֪ҲҪжˣб˵ס
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οɸٺͲگֱԼĸ£ӽǰȭ
ӽĺ˵ļɹǰȥ²ճŲⲨӵĹ˵٣̳ɣ֮£ʾңνָӼɡ
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ڷ֮󣬿ϽǡȻȫȨ񣬵漰˲Ҫȥʵһͻ
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ǰղͬǣʼµ§ͣǺı͵˰©˰óʵһ²֮ǰ˵ֺǷ˰Ҳè塣
ʵԽץԽľ£Ӽڡ
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ûʵۻû˵ڣȿڼˣ£Ϊ˲嶯Բ޵˲ĳ飬ĿǰȱĶ
ʵôһ˵ڵȽҲǴģ˲ٶڲ˵Լĵģ˲Σա
£ĺˡѰŴǰȥǣƽ²˲οɸ١گɳҲḻϤزΣաʵ۱֤Ҫһ֧սô׵ġ
ʵ۵ͷʦ˵ҲеԲگֺҲеϤֻ벻
˲һ˵֮Ժø·ܱɧŽ²õҧһھܣһý²Ű֮أ֮ãʱ֮ʱܹһٻ²ʵ˵˽á
ã֮»ʦʵһ߰ڣһţǲԺӴʦĹģ
ʱ򣬼룬ԭĴʹ·ϻرš
ʵۺһ࿴ǴΪ˷ܡʵ뵽ʦƼ˹Ȼף֮ǰûгأûѾ·ˣæʵܱ˺δ


199 Ʋ
ر£ڿ⸮ܱܼоǧԱռо;ˮʣʱаǧŰٶʮˡ
ããϴּ⣬·Աṩ֮һ裬еߣְ졣ʵæ
ǣԤеҰսӣұԤĸ죬ľϲʵ⼸Ƶһɨգ
£ӿ⸮ʦԼĪҪһµʱ䡣ϻȥڼǿԽ²ɧţý²ðܱһʦϢ󣬾жϽ²·ڹһٵƽ²޻ءڰµһϼƣʵ
ãʦȥɡʵȻûвӦĵ
Ǹˣڿŵʱִʵ۵ʦǵر֤ʦİȫ
΢΢һ㶣ȻתӣԳʵ۵·ģ˲ض¡
ţָʹԱĹӡѳòˣЩжѹ˶һͷʹ֣ѾеԼĿƣһЩõͷ
ֻ֪ץץЩ߼Ĺ٣߻ûʲôѾм˵Ĺ״г˾н֡ھںͽ²̣ԼҪҲȶĻеĿܾԼˡ
ŬѿŹ״ݣ⸺ѶĽƹݾҪǣ
ʱܿƽߵǱ߾Ͳˡ͹ȥɷԽԽ࣬Ǳڶļල£Ҳڳ˲̰٣Ȼܺͽ߱ȣĿҲв١
֪ǲǶԼһ̵˼ҲڰԼϾ˭ܰ¡
ԽԽ̰ӦõΪֲֹԼȥ˵£еļ£ǰȥڸ׸
׸еȥȰɻϣЭһ֣߲õĽµķ
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ڣʼٸߣָʹеˡɻϻû£׸ǰջ˵˼һ̰ٶץˡ
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ţܶ˶Ỷӭ뷨ΪڴٳûǸɾġ˭½ǣԼ
˵̫Ҳ˸磬ƽԭ֪ŵԺɢŲ֮İš
Ȼţ̫ȴһ㶼¡ϲԼ˼ʱ紵ӣ˼·ȫ档
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ĳ˵ͣһ£˾䣺ͷ­棬ӿʹ˲쿴֮
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ӣʼԷūΪǷһЩط񻯣ĳһ˼Ϊǡ
̫ͷսߣ´սҲߣ񻯵ı˵㡣ǣԷĳ˵˵ҲепǣһЩȥ
ӣūŶҴʿΪãЩɹ˵սǺܿסĳֹ̫飬һĹӡ
˵֪ĵġܻ֪·ѾֻһˡǰЩѾռǨռ˴ڣطҲʺϴء̫ĳµǰƵ˵
㣬ıԶǣūԶԶĳ¶֮飬žϲĳƨ
̫ãԷĳ̵ȻѾˣͲٻˣ޵߰ɡ
󺺼ڻ̫ߣֻ֪ʲôĻ⣡
˵⣬ҵĽ²ɹӵӪһͿʼ
ټ˸ɹڿ»飬ʱٿĻ顣
ԭմƼɹʹӾǰǣǸˣȥԼֻùǳصĹͼɡ
˯֮ʱ˼ת䡣̫ȫЩɹˣԱʿһЩʾ
Ҳû֮ˣ뵽ܲˣɹȥв裬ҪǴʵ𺦵ĻǴ
ˣҲӲܡ;ԼļйǷ˵ЩɹʹӾȥʵ£˵ЧҲսǰʱٿĿġ


200 
ƿžֺĳ棬İǶԼʱ˵ǿɼͷǳк𣿡
Щɹܵ죬Ҳɵӣ׼֮ʱȥǡ
ˣһʣһصүǳغûͷľš
ƵͷȻľŵһһ͸
ЩǿֶģеĹǹֻݶѣôһ˵
ƿ飬аԵ⣬ȻװһĪӵǷģзӣֻݣܹ²Сǡ
ɹڴУ˵ķ
һ˰϶ƣԱݵı˳Ƕڶǵ˺
ݲҪŵ̫ɢܲһ𹥳ǡ
ʵԲͷľţֻͨǽڹǵоΪ
ڴƽ֮ɹŸȻ򣬷׷ƱʾҪ»ȥ׼ݣѡȡʿֻ׼Ϻ󣬶ĸһ𹥳ǣһٹСسǡ
һǵĴ㣬һߵͷȻɢᡣ
׼뿪֮ʱ˴˽סǡ
ƿˣһµݣôˣ
ʱգҪȥôסɹŸ֮ûٹǣֱʴƵ
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µӣȻ˶࣬⡣һֱϳͷؿŹǵͬ˻߲ӰǵԵʿѡ
ͷѾкöγǽľűƻˣмûľŵĵطѾӶ⼸γǽĹң󲿷ֲĺ󱸶Ӷȥ֧ԮЩضΡ
ϢץʱԷ¥ϵӦѡȴûһʳĳʳһߣûȥһۣһֱųǽ⡣
ȻоӺ󷽴ǰߣ֪Ǿʲôӵʿ
ӵĹǳһûľŷĳǽֻһСһСûľŷĳǽ
ӦѡüͷѵҪصͻһγǽôӦģǶγǽΪûľŵķͷѹƵú
ԭĻڻһ㣬ֱ˺öѾûк󱸵ˣڶʣµִһ㲻ڲڻļʱ֮ǰӳ˺ö࣬˳ͷ϶ӹֵѹơ
ʵ̫˵㣬ǽв̵ûľŷĵطŻڸ֡ʣµһЩǽξֻܼлǹǹȥӵĹˡ
һæµһڿڱ䴩ڵ̵֭ܡæŲЩǴֵȴԭͽܣһЩĺӣкŮСԭͽܣѾٵȥˡ
ӵĹҲǿ֮ĩľŷĵضΣֻһСûľŷĳǽûӹˡֻйֻڲҪǮһǽӵݶŲǼҵĵطȥˡ
Щûݹǵضεر׹ľʯܶ඼˵ϣųǽһֻеĹֻ⻹
󲿷ֵһЪһעսҵĵطǱߵֵܶסҪӹ
ʵҪľЧļıЧ޴ƳΣ漴ٵ˲ǡ


205 ս壩
սҵĳǽ£ɱ죬رǳ⻹ûֵǵӣҲڹ룬ΪǵͬҪǹͷ
ҲһǱߵĶһڵϻָһ߿Ǳ߼ҵս
ҪӵµĹľʯ˭ĻҪ˵ڶƾû˸ҳƵһˡ
ܿǿˣֱ۵Ȼǲģ˺ͱһһҪסǳص뷨֮⣬жͣԻƼ˼棬˸
¥ϵӦѡҲ޴ӼйļǽӦ÷ǳ˱̧ȥĺܶࡣ֪ȥǺĲӡ
йһۣǰȥʹ
ܿ죬һӱ˵ǼǽеֻһԲеǷһС
ǰԲóȼ˵ȥ
ԲǲԼڶԴγʱڣ˻ҩ֮⣬аͶǶʯҡ˪
䡱֮󣬳ǽðһƬỤ̃дӸû뵽붾ڱѪ׷ײҽеء
СΪףбΪ󡱵ĹƬɣǵȼͳӹλ˹ȥ
䡱಻ȻȲ֮ǰڶ򣬵ȴ˿ѷɫġĴҴܣ׷ӹֵŵһƬӡ
Щսɹһƿߣֶ˲أү˰ɡ
ƿЩһɹˣ˸ˣҲ̫˵㣬ٲĻҪ巴ˡ
£ǽʣҲˣ˵ٵȵȣ֮ǷЧУձɡ
һ£㲻ٿߣ׷׿Щսĳǽ
ղսҵĳǽΣʱһƬطѱ֣ӸûйĴܡͷϵѹ׷ֱӿʼ
Ӧѡڼ¥ϿȴûϲΪûͶЩ֮ǰѾԤϵġ
ЩĲϲ࣬õ˺ö࣬ζôҵսûЩɱﵵķأܷܲסˡ
ԽԽǱǼıըӵĲҽֵǵĻ׷׿˹ȥڷҲвٳÿȥǱߵϲá
ΪǱߵֵϲʱȻоԡԼ߳ǽӹôԽԽڿˣʿʱ򣬲Ӧð
ôţǽ࿴˹ȥȻûľŷļǽϣִ˼ݡ
ʱѱԽԽܼĹöڳǽ£ûзݡ
һӵԴð˳ǽϾҪˡӹΪֹ϶˵ͬ飬ֹͣߡ
ãǵɱС
Ѹվһӹˣԭӹľʯģû֣ͳֿȭ˹ȥʱԺֻһͷǧӳ
Ҫǳ˳ǽǾͲǵĶ֣յĽֻǲǵݡ
ȥʱӵպ¶˳ϻЦ
ֱֱһȭӵϣ֮ȭͷ˽ȥӲҽźʽȥ
ڶˣûʱ俼ǣʹݣӵ棬Ʋ
ǣϼϵӣѾ¶ӣҪ׼ǽ
Ҫ⼸һϳǽǺڶʱھ͸ɷǡζźԴԴϵػӿϳͷ
ǧһ֮ʣûп֧ͬԮôûֻһͷӹϳͷ
Ѿˣǰݣ͵Ǳߵȫ˹ȥһ֮ƣбǼݡ
ϣŵǸؿʿҪ˹ƵݣӦҽŵȥ
ݵбһݣһȥҲΪþȫݣƲסһ˳ǽ
ҲΪƴһƣƵһݣûǱߵӷϳǽ
һգۼ䣬ͷô飬ͬǵѣתͷպÿһĻȴԮͼһ˳ͷ
ղǼݻûеһ¶˳һֱߵӭһӵš
ʱѾӦˣ׷˹Эݸȥ
صݲ࣬صǹСûľŷĳǽû뵽Ϊһƴûеóѡ
⻹м͵ϮûôݣһӶǽˣоա
ɹһ֮ʧܣͷ׷Χ˴ơ
ƿҲʧòˣǿǹҲãձ
¥ϵӦѡӵµ糱ˮߣһֱŵڷֳŹһӵĹս
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ιǵ֮ǿʱ֮ǰδеģ˲ķʡ
Ӧѡûϻȥ˼¥ʼųͷѲгǷ״
ͬǿӦѡˣ׷׹ڵϣ㱨ղŵ׳ңҪȥʬ
ӦѡղŲûп⾪һĻĻ㱨ȫʱǧһ龰
Ҫ˼ݵһĻǷȱںܾܿɴ˱򿪡Ǿпܱӹˡ
Ӧѡ첽ߵǽߣ⡣ǵָ£ڳǽ£Ϊǣ׳
ӦѡæָӵһԸµȡ˻
һΣƾЩӢµס˲衣ôһأӻô˵Ĺô軹صסôӦѡҲûд𰸡


206 ִ
ձӪ֮ٿ»飬ٸɹǷ²ǷǹĹľ
˭֪ûһ˹ɹʧأԹԼʹǹǵԵʡ
ֲܣ͸ǻһɡĹ˱ϣԸȥȾ͵ˡ
ȻסӵĹǣӮһ̡ôϵգȴɡ
˵ΪжصԵʣǡǡ෴ǵʲߡιǵɹҲöϳͷļ֧ͷǹƵģףɶ˺
ЩĿǰسǵ֮ˣ˽йزǵ
ΪˣǶ֪ʣûǾãزˡ
ֻΧһôǿȵĹһΣǻĶҪʧݡ
ȻССسǣڽ²ĳ£ֵô죬ԻóߵڴϵˣȴĵǲǵˣΪףҪġ
Ҫ½ͻΧԣܲͻȥԮرʯ˴õĳĬӦѡ
Ӧѡҡҡͷͬ⣺ǻõӵĹǣٲ㡣
ڳ⣬вӵ̽ɢţܻųȥϣӦѡʯװڳܴ󣬴һ˳
һᣬ˽ܴλվӦѡһȭҪѧȥɣʯرֻһлȥһˡ
Ӧѡ˺һᣬҡҡͷϾҪĽ׶ˣҪסġʿҲ߲á
Ǿһ˽ܸղǹëԼӦѡһ˵еûټ֣λ
ôϵһʱߣֻٷǵǱ쿴¾ġ
ɢȥʱ򣬶ϣܳ漣
ɹҲڷ׷׽п࣬ʧأνʧһΡ
ʱǣѾȷ˻̫ĵںĪǹǵĻһҪУҲҪϽһ𹥳ǲС
еĲҽȻزԭˣĶκһζ࣬һʱˡ
սô룬ҹɫһؽˡ
Ǻͽ²ӪûֻɹӵĴӪвʱ˱ѹֵؿ޺Ҳҿǵһ˱ӪҹֵӪسӪХпܵġ
ԮǵǧһսԶƫƧ֮Ӫկʱоп»顣
ӽΪ֧еλߣм䣬ֻȴǹοɸ١
ԱҹշصϢڰ쿸סһδģĹǣĿǰڵİ԰Ȼ
нڳѾ֪ȥԮǵģ֪ǰߵ׺θΪβǰԭ
ӽȴ֪ϢԴʱ˺οɸٵ˵ɫ
Ȼοɸ˵Ŀǰҹ쵽ĵо²ľӴһ£ɹӵľҡЩϢԶ۲оӪعģŵóģʮ׼ȷֻ˵һֵ
ڽһôˣһ¶ĬЩг˺οɸٺͲگ֮⣬ڳǰǲ֪ġ
ڵ⣬Ҫ˵ЦĲɾɵӣҲֲЩĬˡ
οɸԤϵѾӽԼگйˣĿǰ󣬾ֱӲ񣬰ս¡
ڽһȥӲƴһ׷
Щ춼֮ӽе㵣ĵսڵҰ䲻⡣ڻһҹʱ䣬ᱻ²ְɣ
گǰҹնɳȥģӽʣͻشģĩзԸҹգ֣̽Ҳܱ¶ڡ
Ҳ벻Ҿһҹʱ䣬ӦûġοɸҲοӽ
ӽô˵ˣͲٵģԼӪȥϢˡһҲ۵ġ
ڶһ磬ƾǿٿ»飬Ϣһϣÿˡ
һ֣ɹͲҲ鲻Ը½ᡣҪǣҲƽǵ
Щɹ˽ʵʱһɥƷ·ûпȵǴк
˶󣬴˵ˣգǴúܺã˲Ǵķʣ㹥˳ͷպ⡣
ô˵ǵĶ˶٣˶ȥﰵʧص״ƣûƨۡ
ҲûܻӦԼĻ˵տظǱ֤һԹССǡ
ɹǻԴôǳϷ
տʼ񡣡ƼԼԺûֱӱ⡣
Щɹһը˹Ƶģ׷߿ࣺүҲݶûϹأû򰡡
үֻݹǵ̫ˣܸܲЩð
ǲʧ̫ˣԪҪʿϣ
ǣʿ޵еģֻҪһǣǻֵ

ȥЩɹ˲ҽڲȥԼɱȥ򣬲ɵûˣһӵʲôʲôΪŰֺʲôӣ
Ʒ𣬴ھͰˡ
ҪǹߣǻǴ򡣸ǣͷ¶ûУͰѲǽˡһŭ֮²С˵©졣
ɹһﰵԵǽԼ˵εǮ࣬εĺô´ҲǵĹˡ
ʱ̽


207 
Ϣһ˵ڶʱһƬ
̽ʲôǵҴܵҹգ
ӣҹգǹٵһǧҡ̽ش
кüͷٴʵ
δ
еɹһ˼ʼˡ
ҪԮǣͲֻôһҵľƾӵսǵһֱפʦȫҲҪſе
ôһĻʦıͲ㣬˭ǵĻʵۣͲƽĽЧնױζǿ֮ʦˣ
ɴ˿֪ԮĿԺСô֧·߸֪򾫱Χ裬һͷײ˹
ܺ˵ıܣο˵µԼǵϸֵ쾡¡
ɹİѹǺʹ֧ѶһȽϣȻѡˡЩֻ֧ҪǹǣԼôӮ
ЩɹӸͲ֪Ѿ̭ȥ˴ĳʿ䡣Ϥ֧һǧ˵ľӣֻһٸܴӡ
֧ԬԺͽ²ΪսĿĹҲ㵱ġ
Ƹ̽̽ʱһɹŲվˣһϹүҰֲԸΪշǣǰȥ֧
һɹԸȥ֧Լ̽ȥҪǿˡһսȻ֪ʵˣҪ滹ģʧҲǴʿ
ǣƵͷ˾ǰֲǰȥ֧ҪͲս¡
˵֮󣬴ƶǼ鹥ǵ¡
ֲƴӦԼҪĻϲ׼ʡͬǲˣƾʲôȥˡ
ڵɹ׷վеĹȥס˰ֲʵȥ·е˴ƵĻ˵ү³زҲԸȥ֧
үȥɣʿԸһʮġֻҪȥ֧ҷ𡣡
֧ȻӢıү裬ҹ̫ˣҰȥ汴үѵѵǡ
ԣǱүʴȷģҲܴӦҪǡ

Եоֻһ˼ΣԸȥвӲͷȥǸӡ
ؿȺɹŲıݣ֪ЩǱǵǿشˣӱܹǡ
˵ǵʧȷʵͦصġô֣Ҳ̫ˡ
һİʲôʲôĲгֺûӡ
ôһ𣬴ڰȻŴʵĳڣðֲȥ
һǧôҪôಿȥҲ̫ˡƲؽѵ
ԣһǧôǲ٣ҲǧˣСĲȥ֧ˡһվĲϴϣ˳ŴƵĻ̬
ҪǣǲʧڲҲûãǲȥԸɡ
ôǣʧҲܴòã˽ˣȥ֧ɡ
Ƕ˵ˣǲңȻҪǲȥˡ

ڵɹΪĸСʧضִеĲ֮дֵļ
ƲòİֹǵִٳٳǴʿȥ֧һ䶼Ҫȥȫǡ
һٳֻ֣һСһ䣺ɱţ
ײһֱȥӲͷЩɹһ˵ĿԶеģ˵ܻعȥܵƽȥ̫ͶҲԸ⿴ġ
ǣڴƵ£תΪ˭ȥ֧ȽϹƽ
ȥ۵Ľصİ³زǧˣǰȥ֧
³زõ񣬵ظүģλģԳ³زɱЩƬײͲˡ
ҲָؿڵҶԳ췢ģֻҪһҰûλ
ڵɹŲ룬Щǲȫˡ
³زȳʣԼӪȥںʹĥߴִǡ
ӦѡرʯѲӳǷȻñӴӪжһΪҪʼǣæȥ۲顣
ǣӴӪǳӵľӡ⼸ǧӾȴǻϲصƲǶߣȥˡ
ǳءӸ˵飬϶ǲ費ҵˡ
Ĳֻܼ࣬زѡ
˵ЩӪɹӣܳ˳ǶӴӪҰ󣬾³زһһһ˵
ǱԹһٻ̫Ȼֿ̱´ơû취˼Ҵ죬ԼǲҳԵģֻڱ󷢷ɧˡ
˲ðΧսӦ׷ƨɺ򣬶Ҳ׷̫Խ׷ԽԶȵ豻֮ٻ
ڴӪĲӣѾˣ˭ȥǶȥƵԼϡ
˶ΪԼӢ뷨еˣڰѲǸ̶ˡ
ǿˣ̫֮ǰ˵ôǼ٣ô˵฻ԴҲˡ
ԣսһ㶼ϧ飬ֵף
Ǳ߱һʱǰ֧


208 ȫû
³زӹӣҪˣǱȽӵġ£ܵǰȥ۲
Ųһǧˣ׵ģװǲŵǡܡ졣ʱҲѷˣͣ
˿װȡɹֵرϽ֮СȻ֣һ򵶶Ǽ˼õĵزˡ
Ȼ˵㣬ǺʹõļͷܶǹƵľܿ
˿ԶԷˣʼսƷּۻֱ˷ֺĵز
˾˭װ͹˭ƽ͵װ
֮󣬾ͻظԾսƷķ䷽û˵꣬һЩ˿ʼǰˡ
߲һԷҪȣǿ󣬷׷׿ʼȣ·ǰˣ͵ȥװˡ
ЩɹѹûĿԣһΪǸŽ²ʱ򣬼ʶ̫ǿиһİڶǧˣһǧ˶ûУôӮġ
СܽЩɹӴֻǧˣҪ󡣡һٻͷһԱС˵˵
ҿˣߡλСܽһʼתȻ˵˾䣺Ҫҽһֻǧѡ
ɹӿǳ֮󣬶ʼתȻܡ
ȻǺǰһɹһǰҪܣǿϰݣ׷ľ͸
ôһһ׷ɱʼˡ
˶ʮңۿžҪ׷ǰ
ͱ³زҪûܹ䵽˺档
Ȼе㲻ԣǧɹŴ׷˳һǰӵǴɽܣҪɽֱӳĻ˵װˣܻܲ⡣
־û᲻Լˣ³ز콻ȴﰵô㡣
ĵĻɽʼˣ˵ʼˡ
һЩ׷𾢵Ӹоɽе㲻ԣɽϿȥһ֮£ŵòɽҰϢشɽ³壬ٶԽԽ졣
ԽԽɹӷһʱ֪ǺãмͣأתȦģŬתͷܵģбܵԶӵģҳһš
ӽûв棬棬οɸٺͲگҲȥġ
ʱοɸӽߣվɽϣɽŵս
ǰӽǱȽϵĵģһǵô򵥵թܼƲ߻ᱻӿǵ̫Բ£͵۰ס
ȻοɸӽͣگҲǺͺοɸһ˭ӽûսûŴսԵʱ˫Ϥһֱе㵣ġ
ڿһжżƻڷչһľͷ
ʱ۲ŴսȵӰԺпսƬʵˡ
ֻܡɽϵԶУӵĲ棬ѸٵڽӽӵĶ顣
ӽ߰ʮʱǰʿ׷׵ȼе率
ʿ֮ǰѾҪǰ掠һÿ凉ܷǦ
ӻʮʱʿƽŵˣγһƬ꣬æŵ봹ӷŵһƬ
掠̶̣׼ͷȱ㡣ȴǽͷ勵ţҲһš̾ʮ룬Ŀꡣ
ǰӻûж׵ģһЩƤס
ʿ֮Ѹٵͷ北掠ĺһǹͷôһͷǵǹõġ
ղһֱ׷ϵҲڡܡ£ɱ˻
ӽɽֻһȻһǹ죬Ӱǵ˺ö࣬ȻһŵĹһ¾ͳ崩˲Ӷ顣
ţڶݶӵظһݶӵÿһݶӣӶͱ˺öࡣ
ӽ֪ʤɡȻûãսͳˡ
οɸٵȵɽ·ȫź󣬲ͬӽɽ
ǧӣȫûˡ
Ľ֣ӦЩ֮ǰζû뵽Ľ֡ºЩȿֺ֧ûԸĲǣԼû³ز
ӽںοɸٵͬ˰ٴ˵Ļ£²ս
˭Ҳû뵽յսһЩķѵʬ壬Ѫǳһصĳʤһԣļˡ
սȻǲпأõκء
ӽȻ֪Щڵϵʬ壬֪֮˶³ȫӦáϵķӦѳԵöһɶһԺܶ춼ǳصģֻ࣬⡣
οɸٵ֪ǵһս⣬㲻ҲҳЦ
ӽ֪ŴرĩԺ˵ᾭֳҧһһѲսţϰϰ߾ͻõģγӦø׿˷
֮ǰԱթܵСѲս͹ݼսƷһһɱͷս֪³ز졣
ӽͱԼСĽ죬ͣзü׹
ĩܱԣβλǧС
οɸҲһЦŽܵǲλֶ
ӽʵúοɸٽܣСܽĩҲս˽ĩʷģ֪ǡ
ӽ佱ʱ׷ɱӵĲگˣӽĩδ뽨²أֻ˼ӣи۽
ֶ˺Եһɱһŵ
£ҲٷϻȵļƻѸټϾӣʮ˵ʿ·ؾʦսͬѰһط͵񣬵ս˵תƣԷӴΧսԼҪӵôܴսء
ʱʱ֣Ӧѡδӹǵľӣе֣ϳͷ
ûպÿ˼ӶףӴӪȥˡ
ӦѡϵøղŻȥǸ۵ӣʱ˸߲ҵشȥ֮һ
ӦѡӼǧ˳ȥ˻Ǳһɿϲĵ͢ɴǰȲˡҲе㵣ģ⻹ٵӣ͢ԮܴӮô


209 
ǵľӡĳаһΪǣϳȥ֪ܲܿȥ
ܿ죬ǵһٰʮȴת䡣
Ǵӳͷģ˭һŷĵľ޴ϲ֮顣ܿأϲѶŻ˳аյĶС
͢Ԯˣ
ǧӱֻܻ͢Сèֻ
裬ȥ̱ţ߰ǧӶ͢ˣоˡ
͢ʮҪ˳ӣ˵˰ɣ

ӦѡԼĲ²˵ΧۡͬȥйԱȵ֤˶ų͢Ȳˡ
Ȼ˭û͢ӰӣҾų͢ԮˣһĴ
Ӧѡӳͷص֮ʱѾ˵͢˶ʮˣǸ˭˭˭
ӦѡҲȥЩԽԽ׵ĻܸоʿǰδеĸߣǺ¡
˵ɹʹּۻۣôƴӦʿҲһ빥ǣ̵ػԼӪԱ׼֡
ȻǴһһĻɵе졣ӪҲе룬ǱߵĶжϲ²Żἤ
ǣ׷˳ȥ
ûһᣬȥϢ˾;ʧܻ˵ȥİԼ³زȫûˡ
һǴһ׷ӿȥ̽Ϣ
ǵƵĴʱѯʱסСӻصļˣ죬ʧǵӡ
⼸һɽҰʱ򣬾͵ͷˣǻȥжˡҲ˲ܵ˵ǰ棬Ϊگߵļˡ
˭Ҳûܽжˣ˵ǧУ˵ҲУ˵󣬰ѴҲ˵Ϳˡ
ֻ֪ǧĻԼı㹻Ըˡһ־䣬Ŀǣ˵ԴΪնһЩΧˡ
û֪ȷһ¾ǧɹ˵϶ǰӡܹƳСֵֵûˡ
ڵĸ죬ʹһûףе֣֪̿һֻͻǱڰֻһֻèѡ
ǴİӦԴʩ˵ȣݻǣȥɳ̽ǰȥ̽ٶֹ
ֹؼʱ򣬴ŲЩɹ˵ģԼɳ̽ʧҲҪ·ĵϸ
ܿ죬Ⱥ²ĳԲΪģټȥˡ
ڴʦϽʵҲʹһԽҪ飬ûеˡ
ǶԶûеףʵǶж̰ûеס
ӽߵĹ״ܹԱǱǰˣɶжת˾Ľȴǣ˸ˣ˾еĽлܹٵмǰȨı˽İ
ЩܹԱȫɢ񡢹̡Ĺ佫У׾Ҳˡ
׻ҪҪȥأʵ۵е㺦ˡȥĻװ׷ŹЩ棬ֺܲġ
ʵԼ־Ҫ˴ԼҲһֱŬѧ̫ʵۣŮɫڼԼҹ£һյΪ
ûô棬ѧѧ̫ľĺֶΣԼŬ׷ѣ־Ͳʵ֡
뵽Ͳԥ˾ģһߵж飬Ǽˣ㶫ȥץѶ
жһԸˣæӦһ׼ȥ¡
ץˣץǻʵ۵ڳҪץô鷳жʥֱּӾȥץˡ
ûû߳ţֱʵ۽˻
ԭʵӽ˵Ƕͽƽһѹһһ˲ƣǺ¡
ֻж˵ӽһѶɳǧϹԱɼסˡ
жһһ£ַӦӦһʵ۲Ըȥ
Ҫѧκֻͣǿ߽šôְܵĲţҲ϶ھϵڳѹһѹǼĵ£Ҳ˶ˡ
ԣжԳʵ۵ķԸвȴҲûӦ
ʵ۲ûӵˣʱ漰ľн죬Ƚ˽²˵ԣйǼ˵Ĵþͱʱˣûö߽ȥץˡ
֪ʱþЩ죬ж鷳ʵž;еͷ
յǻʱȻǸʱκ͵죬Լһ㶼ң侲رԼõˡеԺ
ڣһݷݵĸܹ״ȴһɾ⣬ҪĿǣûаգһĸоԼǰôܸ˻Ƕֱκ͸ԶԸ
ʵ˼⣬ûΪκ׶Ը̰Աڰ漰Ա̫࣬ѶԸĵͱ׸ʴˡ
ʵеƣԼ̫Ѩʴʵкޣ
£һץ̫࣬ޱѡԱˡЩҲе͹࣬Ųô
ʵһ˲ð̫Ѩˣеʵô౸ѡĹԱˣ
ʿЦ£ʵ۽͵ЩѡԱҲ⣬ѾץڲԱȱԱȱظüţʵѾ޷ˡ
ʵֻʹˣʵЩڼұʿľأвܾ˰ɡ
ٲûУһ㶼ƷµĹԱںöȱְλƷϵģʸоʵе㲡Ͷҽˡ
شʵ۵£õľˣѾȱˡ
ʵۻˣٵ˶ҲʵǾʹӵطңۡ£ȫȫ뾩ԣ˾ͲϿȱ
еˣ֪ʵڶȰʵ۵£ڸܵѾǣطˣ»ץȥĻµطϵĹˡ
ʵԴһҪ޾ʹô
ôڱץЩȫѾǸ̯ˣȱ£ֲܰǶ˰ɣŵĻһܣǼҧ˳ô죿
ǲҧҧйȫץˣ̫ƽˣ


210 Ѱ
µ⣬Ҳβ壬ѳɣֱ֧´εġ
Ǳֳ̬֧ʵ۵⣬ȻһתԱĸܲڲеģӿʱھѴڣԲһҩġ
Щ˼ʵһξ˵Լ֣Ź档
ʿʵԼĻûϱ̬ͼ˵֪̫ΪǱӦ֪̫淴ľģ̰ʮӾҪƤʾһֹԱҲмδķ漰Աڶ࣬ûйԱ̰ô
㻹УҲʣ˰ɡʵ۱ԼĹ˵ôһʣɵðʵĻֱӷˡ
ǣ£̫ʱڵĳֺڲһ̫ʱڣտãܳлǾУϣ󲿷̰Ϊܣٲ˾̰Ҳ͵͵ءأӦ˽˰ɡĵظʵ۷
ʵüͷʵ˵
ûֻô촰˵£ݳ֪ϹٳѲططǹء˭Ҫǲͣͺڹٳ㡣ʲôƷĹն𣬶һҪǵģᱻ˳ЦеĹԱ棬һʺô
˵óʵ΢£Ȼ˵͢˰ÿһԱ֣ͻһ֣͢طÿһţͻƯûɡⶼǹ飬ûΪ⡣
ʮĽ̰һɾǱʴĿˡ
ʵҲȥһŭȵôǳԵô
˵꣬ʵ۾֮ǰ״иʷֱӰѶʮ̰Ϊе¡뵽Щ滹ĳ
£Ϊǿѣ̰ȥЩ󲿷ֻҪͳȥģûЩǺάڹٳĹϵ
ʵˣе㲻ʵ׸Ϊʲô˵أ
Ҫǰ˵Щ»ôʷʵ
ʵһȻ֮ǰʱԭкһµ˵ֲ˵顣ԭ˶֪ٳĸܣһˡ
һ˵˹ٳеˣֲܵΣⲻˡ
ʵ뵽Ŀαϣʼ
Ȼͨϰʰ·ʱ򣬷ֿڴﻹһ˵ٳǻô
£Ϊı֣ػش
Ǿ˵ӦûһЩҲǵΪݰɣʵ۴ϣʵ
£Уˡʻش֮󣬷ֺе㳶Զˣ˵£ⰸǲǸõΪֹ
ʵ־ɻᣬĬһᣬʵץôˣδҪǻҪǣô죿
һʵ۲ټˣһϲͽ£һЩ̰۽޴صĹ죬˵ȣǻȥ£СĻҶ˺ƤԺеǻʰǡ
ʵһﲢ⣬ãû¶ģͶʵ仹ٿǿǣȥ°ɡ
ʼʵ۵̬ȱϴκöˣûȰʵ䷴ǣڸȥˡ
˵ָʹԼŰ칫۴ȥּץˣɵ־ŭ
ǽŵĲ֮£ڱ˹ˣŭԼĹЭǰȥϢˣȻҳϽˡ
ʥּԸһӽ˵ɶɶҲ
ȷһߣԾȥҸ壬ʸףô£˵üͬʱֵô
ûȥʱ岻˵ʲôڸ󳼲׾
ŭˣԼǱˣˡ
ãǰѼǰľ¶ҪͱǾͲҪҲˡжˣһҪܣȻץԼͷˣǾͻȥˣ˭Ҳù
ڰŽָʹߣаˣҪЧ˶ˮŲڡ
˵ͬԭ뾩ǰȥѲලʵʩȥͶԺйʱԱѱץˣûԱЩ
ŻĻ̵̻أһ۽˭ᱻץһİ칫
ͬΣȵɫ֮ʱŲòؼҡ
ھʦⷴ籩޳ɵġѪͿЩʲô¶ҪǮ
ⷴ籩Ӱ쵽칫;ó͢еǷˡȫ֮ߺٰЩ̰һ򾡣ֲӰ칫
ȴ֪ϾµʱѹͲ֪˾޴̰ģ
Щʱ޹ء֣иҪ飬ԣͬһ˼ΰ¶档
ͬҲԣС·ؼҵġ
ߵһ¥ľ¥ſʱպӭҡڵҲã߹¥ȥ
һߵʱһ߻˵ͺͬƵģֵܣЩٵģƽʱǮյڱӦ˰ɡðȾơ
ǵöлˣҲöȼףףӵǮͷȥǡһҲӦ
𣬸ȰԸ¾ˣҪȥ٣СĹٹ໤ѹȰԼֵܡ
ͬǵĶԻͣ˽˾¥˼ϴ˴η˳Ӧģϰվ¹ٵģʵжֻ֧ϵķ
ʦķ籩ٴҲûӰ쵽ӽʱ뽨²׽Բء


211 Χ˷й
ӽڵǧﲻͣתƵطԶ㿪²
תƣټ̫ãԭ
һ̫Զơ
ڶǧ˺ټҪǺѵġ
²̽Ǿ׷ٵ֣ڴ˿̽õоࡣ
ˣ²̽ܿǧΧҹս֡̽ͬŵѪζ㣬սΧ˹ȥ
ҲΪϵԭǧôطн²̽ӰС
ܿ죬֧ĴŹģھͻر˴С
ʵ̽ٳҲ֧ټĻִ˶̵Ҳܲ³֧̫࣬ΪشѶ̫ˡ
ƺܿټɹᣬͨǧңھµͼϴ±˷λ
ЩɹĿǰ֮󣬴վ֧ˣǴ֣Ƿ֣ҵסǵȥ·
²ҰսƼǿڲ³ԵÿܵıҪͳͳй֧ϡ
֧֮ǰɹʹӾƹΪ³ͻȻģ˷Եʣ˵˫սôࡣ
˵ЩʹӾսܺʹӵսȣǴСǣǧʿܺɨҵɹžӡ
Щɹһ࣬ǽȥԼֻȥЭҲȥǣ°
ǣ׷ױ̬û⣬յĻߣ˵ȥľȥǣ޶
ѹЩɹˣӲӲͷͳüб˿ռҶᡣ
Щɹ˵ıֱ̬ӣǸԻӪ׼Ρ
ӦѡԴȷ˳͢Ԯ󣬾;ȥѲӲǽܿ͢سҰС
źǣÿһλϣȥնʧջĿ⡣
˵͢ӦòԶ֧ӾӳȫûʱƲ
Ϊʲôٳûгأѵ˽²ӣ
Ӧѡ־òΪֻ̽ȥӴǰȥ
Ӧѡ벻ףе㵣ġ˵ԮΣΪ֮ǰȫûԮǽ²Ը˵ġ
ǵԮٳٲ֣Ϊ賹׽ΧĻʳҪˡ
ӦѡĵĲʳӽǸûǵģοɸٺͲگ뿼Ҳ֪ȷе޴жϣǶ֪ǡ
ӽڵĵطȻڽ²ԤΧڣ貢ԶͰʱľѡ
ʱϢԾһ𿪻ᡣ
²֮̽һֱ࣬Ҽг֣϶ϲߡܼȥˡοɸӽ
ӽ֪Щ̽ǽ²ĴǣôԼǰٸ˲Ľ²ȷʵܲ
ûа취ôӽе㲻ţԼǧʲôǹһ·ʲôģûô
Щ²ֻ֣̽ԶԶظŲǷӣһɵǰ̽Ҳκβ˺ġҪǲ뿪̫Զô˦ǡگӽʣͰοɸٸ͵
ô죿ͲӲƴ϶ǲеġȻ˵Ȳ裬ҲȥӲƴӽüͷ˵
οɸٺͲگĬһʱ֮˭Ҳûкð취
ҪǽǣݳǶأֻаշصĲ趼ǽȥӸûˡӽһ⡣
گοɸ٣ûԼӽ˲裬ʧȥ˻ԡΧĻǳˡ
ʱοɸҲСݲǧ
˵ô죿ӽһ˵еейλ
ʲôʱıõģھԵʵǰıûô
ǧԵһҵĽ²񣬻ҵɹӾӣʵ̫࣬ϵļıʵ٣벻취Ҳ֡
ӽĹ˰ٴƽʱо֮£ҲһĪչˣҲûʲôᡣ
ӽͺοɸԼگһֱԤЪϢʱѵûƣֻȽƲ趵Ȧӡ
ӦѡѲӳʩľ𣬾͹˲üǰ£æȥǽ
ͷʱرʯѾˣһЩһעӴӪǱߵ
ӦѡӴӪУڲӪʣ׼Ρ
˵ĵһͷǣҪˣǳ͢ɱˣҪӡ
εһ죬ڵþˡ
ʤǰƾԼӲǿסĹǣضʼϲ
أо¾˲˲ԣӲҪӡΪǵһ㶼ңȻͷ顣
Ӫպãֲ伯ϲӣȻǰۣóսǰԱԣսǰԱҪȥ̶·
رʯ׹ĵظӦѡЩϸڡ
Щӿ϶ȥԸԮԮǵӣгӣӦѡһֳ
ҪǾԮԮӴܵĻûϣˡ
Ӧѡڸ˵Щ򣬻ͷյϢֿЦİաﰵ̾һҲû˵ӲﰵԮ¡
ʯȻûв´ûãӿʼӳƹһֱ
·ǵʱ򣬳ͷϵ˶ܿɱڵ
ߵһ·ʱסߵЩɹǰʮҵĵطǷ·ȥ֧ϹҴӭϣǸƬײ


212 Χ
ɹӦһҪ뿪ʱƥɳ۶
ΪǴ̽ͶµĶ̬
˭֪ƿˣüͷһ壬ѵǻ̫߲ս£˵ݣк£
Ҳأôͼ³;Щȵ£ڴǰȴڴǰԶĵطס˵뱴ջƽ
ΧһסˡҪ˵ѯʲս£ǷйǺû뵽һſھ˵Ҫǻƽȥ
֪б䣬򲻻ŹĲ裬ƽ
ֻǲ֪ʲô飬̫֪ߵ鲻Ǻܼ֧ٻȥ
ǣۿݣʵҪϻȥҲء
ԱҲԱˣ׼Ҳˣƽܵи˵ùȥɡ
ݿЩɹǣû˵ֻóһݻּ̫⣬ǰݸơ
üͷһʲôôأһ߽ӹ򿪿
ЩɹǺܺ棬׻ּ̫дʲôȻݣ׷Ųһ¿
ݲ࣬һ¾ͿˣȻԳ˷֮ɫЩ̫ˣڿԴһˡ
ǣƵת򣬻ʦƽ
ɹæԭ򣬴ֻ˵Ǻ¡
ɹǿٴ裬ּ˷֮ɫҲͲټѯʡ֪ƻ˵ĻͲˣȵƽȻ֪ԭˡ
֧΢תƽȥˡ
οɸٴڹȥһʱ֮󣬲ӵĶΪһֱܵĴ²̽Ȼˡ
ǰĲگҲоˣо㱨ӽ˵֮󣬲²Ҫ
£Ҫ˵ǹ˲ǣԶǲˣҲΪǵҹÿվͻǰ֮̽ǰûлر˵йǵļ
οɸپɳҹգѰټܰġ
ûã֮ǰҹմæϻأοɸ˵ӴӪ߷
룬̾͵οɸٴæӽ˵Ʋˡ
ӰӪʱȫǧӦٱ
ӽҲԽˣԥͬ˺οɸٵĽ顣
ǣ£ʼת
ʱҹտرһĺϢ
Ӵ;ӵתƽȥˡ
ӽοɸԼگݵǳϷ
οɸٵҹӴߵķɱǹ
ٱ趫нӴһľ룬ȴϢȷϡ
һֱ֮ʱȷӴǻƽȥˡ
ӽϢһŵĲŷôһԮĿĴﵽˣǧûʲôʧǺܳɹˡ
ΪʲôͻȻ裬Լ֧鷳ʱͻȻء
ӽһֱϵͷ˼⣬ֱοɸگʱһֿԡ
Ҳ£϶ǱжˣӲųߵġӽԼ뵽ĿԸ˵ˡ
οɸٺͲگ֪̬ȵת䣬ûⷽ롣
ӽôһ˵һʣ׵ǳӪŵʱﱾľ۽Ǹı̬ȣ׼֧Ԯǡ
Ͽ϶һԭ
ҵӳԭȻǰٷ֮ٵȷϣǻ˿ӽĿģʵǽǺȥδӣ
ӽɫ˻ᣬ˵Ȼȥˣû衣ΪȲȴ֪ǱߵľҲ˵ȥǾȥ迴Σ
οɸٺͲگ໥üе˵ˣȥҲȫͶ޳ӽ顣
ǧٴתȥ
ûйǣòӦѡرʯ΢Ϣ£ܿó˵ƣдǵϡ
ʱڲͷվţΧԶĵطվżۣñ˿ǵͷ
ӦѡʯԮ顣Ѿ뿪裬ԮȻһֱδ֣ѵڿĵطӴսˡ
֪͢ԮܴܲӮ۶ʱҲϹҲ¡
Ӧѡɫʯ˵ɫѲˣӻδֵĻͿ˳ţðճȥռЩʻǽµĹľʯҲ¡
ʯͷϵٿţҲǽȻûˡ
ӦѡʯҲͬ⣬ת׼뿪ͷȥЩ¡
˭֪ת׼ߵʱʯȻסеʧӦѡؿ
ֻʯһָֻԶ쿴Զǳ͢Ԯô
ôһṦѾԼˡӦѡæתʯָķ
һ֧ȻɫѾе㰵ˣϡ֧ܿһĨɫ
лģװԺɫΪӵܴԺԶֿ
ӦѡϾǶˣ۾ûʯãֻԼһĨɫڲ²ʱʯѾȷˣ͢Ԯˡ
ԶѾǽϵҲڿûʯϤʯȺ˳
ʯôһҲ֪Щ濴˻äĿʯ׷״г͢Ԯˡ
طȾۼлľȥ˻ѹ
ʱͷҲʼЩ˯ѣȻҲǵһݹס
ͷϵ˿֧мǰ棬ȱǡ
ǿǴεڳͷϻֻӦѡʯ˻ԽԽǼ
Ǽܵº󺰣ͷڸˡӦѡæ
Ȼ󣬳ͷϵһѾõ˲ӽοɸٲνگλǰԮ衣


213 Ҫʤ
ǧܿܵǽ£οɸٺͲگӵӽǰۿȵĲǡ
ӽʦͨݵĳǽڿĳǽǽͶˡ
һ¾ò˲ͷ²˲
رʯԹȽϤ֧ܴǸ涼װģͼæ߲Ӧѡ
ӦѡæȥῪŵӣȻųǰͷﺰ¹ٲӦѡѶ£ԴƬ̡
οɸٿسôСͶӽ˵ݲǧ
ӽڹ۲ͷǸع٣οɸôһ˵תͷô죿
ڳפˡ
ãǾͳפɡӽ⼸ߣҲϰסˡ
ǣοɸٴڳҸʵĵطӪϢ
˶ӿˣǽȻİ˹ͷǲǵͷ
е˻ʱԶûд֡еȴڵ֧֧ľ
Ӧѡ֧Ծڳ⿪ʼӪկɵöǸͽǵĺøжֱڲľӲǺܶ
οɸǣӦѡȴΪǼ⣬ӽռһع⣬ֵõ
Ҳӽûо飬־Ļ϶Ҳֹ
˶󣬳Ŷܿˡ
Ӧѡż飬¹ݣȻرʯԼսгǲгӭӡ
ӽǾڳſڲԶųű򿪣ȻһȺ˹
ӽڴԽһֱʹĻʵԼ߼ԱӴѾǴԽǰĴ˿ˡټкĵӰӾһЩӰ죬ʱҲӳΪʾأ
ôһ˾ͲˣҲ
ӦѡһȺж۴ӵһˣ֪˾˲ӽ
ǣ߽ӽȻҾӦѡʲչӭʦ
ӽûԷһһ΢˻ᣬⳡûԼô죬ȻѵʱĿںţǣ˵Ϊ񡣲Ͼ𲻶ԾҲ޷⣬æĵˣ
˵֮ӽúܵ壬Լǰͬ־ǻǣӦ
Ӧѡ˵Ļֱ֮ӿȥǰɫͰһ˿λȨصĸ̬
λӲ֮Σʮ󳼵ʵļල֮£νȨƲһˣ΢΢Щɪ˲ûУӦѡ˲ڲͬ
ӽҲͬʱԼʮ£еģƣ֮дһ˿㣬ŵˡ
ڼ²ĹУһȺյֿڣҲһˡ֪ΪʲôԼû˵ʷû˲Ӣۺܰӽ뵽
Ӧѡһ˲ЪϢ
ӽǰһȺˣȥ·߶վˡ
Ȼ뿴ǵôһȺˣ˵ֿסӵĹǡ
ǣӽǰػߵÿһˡ
ɢߣӽ˰ٴӽȻͲˡ
ûȻм˹ӭʦӭ˲
֮ǰʱ򣬳ͷѾͷ˲˳аյĶС
⼸֪˲ǰԮļ֪жԾع
һ׷׹ܿ͹š
ӭʦӭ˲ĻĻ۳һ
ӽһ߲ˣִ˵Ƿǳǳģعĸ֮⣬˻
οȫǵ˶ţóܲ𣬸˵ʱĹ˰ٴֻ¡ϡ֡
ӽ׹һȭʶƵǲ裬ȨޣǰԮ衣лϵĶ£Ҳнʿλļ֣ûӵóѡҡ
ӽ˵˫֣Ȼ󺰵ҶǺģ
Ĺ죬ǲͷ߲İգû뵽ӽ˵ôﻯôʣ̺Ŀ佱ȴܸܵġ
ֻҪ־ɳǣŽһģ²ֲȥһգǻ򵽹ȥ򵽽²ļſȥ֪Ǵӽսȭۺ
䣡ӽĺοɸѪڣȳں
䣡ͶϸϺ
˲䣡
˽²
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ϰյͲһˣָĶУһͬ㣬˷ܡ
ڳ˶ʱʤϲУڴԺʤ
οɸ΢΢̾ȱʤĴֻ̼һ²ԼȥسǽΧսҾôˣʵγһȱŵı֡ҪһգʤٺŵȡõСʤмʱ򣬸жð
ֳһǢӽðҲûټ֣Ȼɢȥ
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ӦѡӽҪȻͬӽʼӲǷһ·ӽܡ
رľŵãеԺܿ²ļǣľŵúܴ
ӽûʲô飬Ӧѡ˵ţɵΪ˾̾
еĽͲͬˣеĲÿɷеĻ΢΢ҡͷ
ǵЩ̬ǡñӽԭ
گӽ͵Ǻ϶˶ӡڹסǽȶڳǽϣױƵˣǣʹӵһֻһЩӣ϶˰ӣסЩľţʿֱӾקȥ
ӦѡһʯĵҺӲ֪С


214 ˵
Ӧѡֿ֮ʼسеڲǵƿףһϿɵģӦѡǸղ΢˵ĺù˵㡣
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ӽӦѡǲûз֪οɸ˵û
ȱһ죬첻ãˮ̻紵߶̶ᵼЧ
ֻܹ䲻֪дĻʿһʪϣסڱǣΣ
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ӽźοɸڱϲŲæؽţﰵһרҵʿ
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ע˵Ӧǵġ칤ʱ䣬Ʒǻ֮س


215 ̵ĶԲ
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216 ԭ
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217 ̰
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ʱӽôһ£ʵ۵鲻ôأ͸о˶Ӷ
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֮ǰһʵֱĻڰšΪǣų֣ԶҴš
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ӽһ˵ˡ鲻Ǻܺôԭú룬һ¾˯øƵġ
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Ŷ̱ˣʲô顣һڶ˼ûӽԺ˵зͼæ˻
ӽ֮ǰʵۺ˻ھϵݽ飬ֻһֱ֪ôЩΪá
ӽӹһһдְܵļҪݺͽ
ϸϸؿ֪һһЩϤҲаڡ


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ӽһ߿һôʵṩķ
һֱ£ʱ䳤ʵۿ̲סʵʱ򣬲ſ׼˵
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ҵĿʱ˵˵̫棬Ӧκһʵ۶ûб̫ӷ˰ɣӽûлشʵĻһ⡣
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ڳԭµġӽųʵ˵
£ʵ̲סˣӽԭ򣿡
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ʵѾĻסˣٵصӽԼԼ⣬ӽΪʲô
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£ϳ˲ٲһ㡣ʱȻ廰˵
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´ˣ˵òԣղһҡӽûϿʼ˵˸顣
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ӽһ˵ţһ׼е뷨뷨ǲο龰ģġ
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뵽ʵ۵ء
ӽ˵ҲԼû뵽ܡʰԼ裬ζݡ
ӽֱ𿴿ʵۺʵɫ֪غû˳еǣ˵ˣ̰Աһһǲܵģǿȷϵİɣ
ʵεصͷʵʶģҲ޷
Ǻã㹲ʶĻϣһ̽֡ӽ˵һ飬ҵǸͷ


220 
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ӽпǣûԥֱӻشʣٱԺͶоٱܱල󷸷֮µľٱ
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ڸʱ˵ЩְܷΧ䶯ӰûС
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ʻشǰѹл֣һָймн
Աô࣬ÿֵܷ٣ʲΪص
ǰʦ̰Ŀ˾޴ῴһСǮʵҲʱ廰
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ӽЦŻشʵ۵£̰ǮϾ·мලƶڣԺץסҪġң󣬻ᳬ˵Ϊйֵ֧¢ҵԺ뵽׬Ǯӣӵ档
ʵһ־ϲʵж󣿡
ӽδĿƼչʶ᲻ӿرǹҵյ񾭼᲻ӿ磬ԺоԺоĺöҲӵӪǸġ
һʱͲֻʵ۵ܶܶ࣬㹻нȫԼЩ顣Ҳв㡣
ʲô㣿ʵһе㵣ġ
ڹչþ˺󣬻᲻˼ȡƾ¢ݳ룬Ծͻή͡ⶼǺԺˣʱٽйܻ֡ⲻ㡣ӽش
ʵһŵһľͷܾúŻֵı׶ˣ͵Ժ˵ˣûһƶǳʢ˥ġ
ȴ͵Цˣֲ̰ĹԱ˵˹ʣܺùˣȻ׷ݻ˭ء
£йعԱн£һ뷨ӽԳʵ˵


222 ݽ
ʦ˵
£Աн֣Ϊ֣һٺ裬ټһƶȡ
Ϊƶȣʵۺһʵʳں΢΢еΣԵԼżƵġ
Һóʵۺӽûע⵽ʵ̬ϻָ
ӽ˵򵥽ٺһֱϻ磬ҲǲٺһʶǮáȻǰûκ̰¼
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ʱʿӽˣ˲򵥵˵ǸʲôĶأ
´ˣģ涨ÿһ£𡣴Ҷ֪ԼΪ٣ʱܵö𡣡
Ǿ˵ٺһֻǲȡôʼ׷ʡ
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к𣿡
ٺǰƷĲͬиߵͲ죬ⷴӦ⣬ȻҪԴͲһˣʱཱΪֻҪ٣ʲô٣ôͶҪֻ࣬Ҫ㣬ܻһ̰һֶõ
ʵſЦӽʦܸߺܸ㣬һʼʱ򲻿кܶɣǼٺ»ǸģǮô޻кܶطҪõǮأ
ӽҲͷۣ¿ͷѰͷ˼š
˲ҪʱֽĿʸ
ʵ˾Ǹ⣬Ͻ⡣Ҫ˵ʱӽˣУԲСֽҵûλͻúʹһ³Ϊһŷֽ
ӽе̬ȼ
˲ˣǲܶһӣֻʱûӣԺˣǮ͸ǶһͿôæӽ͵
ҲУǲŹжֻǿ˹׬ǮŻţеֵֽӽҡҡͷˡ
˾û˵Ļڰ
һᣬӽ̧ͷԳʵ۵£ԱĴһҪӵģ糼֮ǰ˵һֻƸĸĺôǲŻ¶ҡ
΢΢ͷͼ˵Ǵ֮ʼʵУʱֻǼˣ˸ϻ磬Ҳûʱۣһķÿʱÿǡ
ʵʾͬ⡣
ڹԱн飬Էּ׶ʵʩٺ»͵ЩԲοʦճ裬άּͥһճ裬ȸǼнʱٽһȵģһֱȫнϡ
ʱι涨ܵиݰɣʵ
ʹӹ
ӽĻشٶûףʵʱ᲻̫˵㣿
ʵһֱӵ궼ʱ仹ȲҪ˭޾ȥҿǷõȲǡ
ǾʦĹԱأ˳ʵԴвĻ󣬲پ㣬תһ⡣
ʮʡ󣬵ȾʦһЩ˲źɳȥعԱٺ»ɵؽˣԺչ롣ӽֻܶ㿪ͷڶʱڱ󣬾͸
˵ʵĹԱ࣬нҲܵͣԾƹĻ
˻ᣬⷽпԵģͲˡ
ʱ򣬳ʵȴ˵ˣʦر߾ľҲеطľѾǷˣν
ǰӣòҹӳұӪᶽԼʷ㵽Ǯʱȶľѡ
߾õ⣬һֱѹڳʵ۵ĵףȫҲһʾ޴ĿƵóʵ۷ˡ
Ϊ˷òԱнû취¡ʵ֪£ĵӽЩʩʱһֱûзԡ
ʵԭǼϣڹֽЩŲһֳʦôһţʱ϶ûϷˡ
ڿӽЩнĳòˣ̲סĵ˵˳
ӽҲͷۣȱǮȴִҪǮԼǵһЩָͺˡ
߾ľǱҪģӽʶȳʵۺʵʶҪΪ֪ЩܹѵʿΪȥˣղ뵽췴ȥ׳췴ߵ
ӽǲҲû۱裬һ±ܶǮġ
ʵҲ˵ûУֻھУӾôȥ׬Ǯ·Ǯ;
ʵ۵һᣬûȵӽĴ𸴡ȻֿʣҲһüı飬֪׸Ҳûа취Ǯ
һ꣬ͻˣ̲סеˣһ˿ε̬˵ҪҧҧЩ̰ٶˣǵļңǮˣ
ʵ˵֮ǰѾ֤вͨġӽʵ۶ʽ˵̧ͷȥֱ»ϵôػǷй¶ѡ
ʱ򣬵⴫ٽŲо鼱
ӽʻ࿴е㵣ģڵľʮϢоŸǻϢ
ʵæ̰Ѿ鼱תһ£һǾ鼱ݣһڵ¡
ʵæӽʶû˵һʱ֮䣬Ļڱþĵء


223 
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ӽڷֿ£˵ʦ˵̫̩˵ݿֻʣӣسǱȱٴԱʮ֮һ߽Ϊʱץ֮գȫ֣֪֮ʦȫ淴̰³͢׷飬Ͷ˽²
ʵൽΣʱûΪԱĽֻз̩һ֮ʡ
ӽʱտ꣬µҪݾǻϸղ˵Щ
ʵۣʿˣ£ⸯһ֮ǰĶ۾᰸ǰ
ʵۿʣ֪˵˼ǲһһ죬ķʽҹһڣƸĸ
ǲˣѾӣҪȥ֪ʦܷסеЩ̰Ľ죬ȥͶ˽²
ЩĽ춼ȥͶ˽²ͷǳˣǴܲġ
ôһתȥˣǷ߾ô죿
ʵ뵽ȥӽϸߵʦа취ûС
ʱɫѽյսĻڣӳӽϣǶһɫĹ⣬е˵ܽ˵ķ
ʵ۹ȻûʧûһͿʦüͷһ棬Цſ˵£и뷨֪Բԡ
ʦ˵ʵæ˵
Щץס̰Աǽ̰ϲ׷ǵ͢Ҳ
ˣҡҡͷ˲ⷨӲף̰ܶԱѱǻˣҪǰ̰ǲܵ顣
ǽ٣ЩѾץ̰ԱѪóܾ͢ȾȼҲȥһõ顣ӽͰѽһ˵
ʻ˵ʵһ޿ܺá
£ǻδֵ̰ԱأǷǵȫ⣿ʾһ⡣
ʦ㿴أʵ۲û̻ش𣬶ѯӽ
ӽ£ش£͵ɡһӳԱպ׷
ʲôӣʵ׷ʡ
ʱ˵պرأӰ췶ΧرİҪ׷𡣡ӽοǰ͡
£Ϊ˷׵̰ر֮ң⣬̫ˡʷ
ʵ۵ȻǲŹˣпܵĻһŹֻû취ֻЭˡ
һᣬĵʵ޾ôگ˵ǵУǲԶ԰գԺ
ӽνôһ¡
ʲӽһǸˣʱ˵ţ̫˵϶ǲеģΪ͢Ҫ棬ҲҪ档ʲôأ
Ȼ뵽һѳʵ۵£ʳ˰ɣǸϲ°
˵⻰ʱڡӡҧúء
ʵһ㶣۳µģôת޵Ļȥˡ
ڡӡϵٿʣһׯص飬Ȼ׹ʵ˼ǡ
Ǳµ˼æϳʵ۵
ӽ˵Ҳ˵ףˣ治֪ڸʲô
ţ֪롣ʵ˵ϣͷһֻе˶ͷϡ
ӽųʵ۵ĶȻ˼˼һҪ¡
ûףȥʣȴ׸Ǳһׯأעųʵۡ
ӽеƣҲʣֻñʵȴǽҿĴ𰸡
Ѿ£ĻڵĹҲĵصĻڵ
ӽȵĿҪͷʱ򣬳ʵۺȻֱӣ̧ͷʵ޾ˣ̫ӴȟRΪ̫ӣ¡
ӽһԭղüȥΪ°ȷʵǸýڡ
Ǿ˵ˣˣھϸںʵʩˣӦûԼʲô£ڿɿˣӽš
ʵ˵֮󣬿ӽ˵޳ô˻ᣬҲҪһЩй֮
ӽ˵ͷйʿҪͣйʿҲҪ͡
ʵ˵仰˵֮飬¹شִʰ˵ݶʦԲ©ȱд֮һʵС
ǣ¡ʹش
õģ¡ӽҲû⡣
˵ǰֺ֮ߵ·³̣ʵˣվ΢ӡʱŷɫѾǺˣĻڵ֪ʱѾȼ
ǣڰİķı̷Ը޻ţ׼һ°ɡ
Ȼֶʺӽʦźɡ
ˣл䷹ˡ
ΪҪǳʵۻǴ׸ӽܿؽ˶⣬ʼͷ
Լʱ󣬾ϣʸ˵Ⱥʱĳʵۡ
ϵݾˡҪȺ˳˳һݡ
˸ٽϸϵۣ˴һʱ۵߰˰ˡ
ʵ۷Ըʵ䣬еݣڸ¶ףͳһ뷨ٺǰĳЭ̣вͬۡȫ󣬰ȴ̸
ǣ¡ʻش
һ紫ʦȥǰӾЭ̣Ҳմ˰Ѿòˣ˭Ҫʶģݹ顣ʵ˵úܼ
˵֮תΪͣӽ˵ʦЩһֱս⣬ˣȻؼҺúϢ㡣
ǣ¡ӽʵôһ˵ҲеƣЩ۲˯һϾָܻġ
ʵ˳ϽǺ󣬷Ըڼ


224 ɽۻ
ܻʺˣ΢΢еԾæеĻƣվ׼ȥӭӡ
ӣͼʵѾ߽ˣǣ׼
ʵۿܻʺվһСӱߣ׼æʾ⣺ʺ񡣡
˵ʱѿ첽ߵܻʺǰĿԣԷ⡣
ʺôϢҪ
ÿնæҹ豣塣ܻʺһ˵һ߲ʵ¡
ôһãʵ۾ͿղܻʺϵĶˡһ޵ʺ߻ԽԽˣϸв档
£ҪϢ޳檵ֹǲ˲ˣܻʺųʵۣزµ
ʵһԼ£סܻʺ裬Цſ佱ʺȻϻۡ
檲ҹʳ֮£ÿν˳£˲檿ڵ飬Ͳ˲ˡ
Ժ˲ˡʵҡҡͷ
˭˲ܻͣʺе㾪졣
һԴ˲֮󣬳ʵ۾عʱ򣬻ǰ鲻Խظи촹̫飬˲
ڳʵ۾Ȼ˵Ժ˲ˣеԾ
Ǻǣʺˣ޾⼸վͷʦΪ˺֮ǰʹӦġʵ۽͵
ܻʺһԭԼˣɵ΢΢죬£һоͱ䱿ˡ
ʵЦЦοܣ޵Ļʺô䱿أû˵ˣ⼸ջеô
Ѿöˣ檻ʶʱľ飬Ѿûˣܻʺص
ţã޵Ļʶأ
˯ŲãùŮȥܻʺе⣬ʵһֱæڹ£ٻʻʶ
˯žͲˣ޽չиϢҪ㡣ʵעܻʺ۾
ܻʺû˵˫˵۾ųʵۣ¶һڴ֮ɫ
ӳʵ˵ϢĴ̫ˣʲôϢܻʺϲ˵ϲá
޾ڽڲ̫ӡ
ʵ˵ܻʺ΢΢һȻϷӦڻӾԼһҪ̫ӣԼĶӻ˭
ȻԼǳӣһ˵̫ӣ˺ûĲǺܴġ
ϲܻ֮ʺӿϣҲ˾ϲ£ģ
ʵ۵ͷ˵ϷԣȻġ
Ӳ겻ͱΪ̫ӣ̫ˡ
ܻʺѳʵ۵֣Ȼ븣ȥϱʵסˣѵСӡ
ܻʺͲǿиˣԴ󣬴㼤ʶл¡
ĻʶҲ޵Ļʶʵһ˵һ߷ܻʺ
ʱԻڼеܻʺʱˣʺЪϢɣȥǡ
ܻʺǰ⻰˵еԴףʱûһʼɣﻹϲ֮Ӧʵ۵֪ҲЪϢ
һҹܿ͹ȥˣڶһ磬ǳʵۻڻʣæ
ʵæˣæźĳͨȥ佫ͨһʱ֮䣬æһš
ֻӽԼϢһֱ˯Ȼ͸ྣԼһÿΣǰֺͳ˷ھ
ÿεʱе㳤Ϊ˲ϰӽʾĴҵд
ӽò׽̵мǿ˻ѧЩ󣬾·۱ˣʦۡ
صԼ鷿Լġͨ塷Ǹĵط˰档ǣ͸д˷飬㱨Լ״˼֮顣ȻͿһͺܿȥˡ
ӽУ²ͷĿҲУһƽ칦
ΪʲôҪ칦ʲô»ôǰ˵
̫ߴ֮󣬾һֱ˼ĵسͻȻ˾ʦԭ
˻̫öϸûסڵڶ죬̫ɳ˴̽ǰȥܱǷĳظʲô
̽ûʲôطȴһʹߣȷ˵֪ͬʹߣ˵ҪͶ
Ϣ̫û̫ˣûгֹôһ̣̫ΪԼ֮Աŷ
̫Ͼǻ̫ܿͰ쳣ٶͶ֮ϵʲôش鷢
ɳȥݣͬʱ֪ͬǰƽ
׵һǳأý²ǣرǹ͸Ľ²Ļָ˹й֮
ѡԵЩʧ޴ĺպĳǳ
̫õϢҲ˵飬ڰƲ
֮ô֮ǰһʧ¾ʿߣԼҲ½ƾճһʿĻᣬ̫Ȼ
֪ͬܿ쵽ƽ̫
̫˽ʱ㿪ʼƨ˵ճΨ𲻰ܣ󺹣ĳ£ǧأһͳɽ
̫ɲĳˣûбʤͷԣûбƨȥ֮£ջ˵ʵ顣
̫Цټн²ͷĿᣬڻ֮ϲ
˭Ҳû뵽ʵ۾Ȼôӹս޲ʤĴפ֮صʱ򣬻ῪʼģٹĻ̻̣ĳ£佫ӿǴҪȡǰװ
ཨ²ͷĿҪ̫ʦЧϮζǿһңһ¡
Щ˵ķԶ̫ѹˣ˵ΪڹʦһЭĻᣬڻʱ෴Ӧô𲻻воڣͻĴ󵨵ȥȵͶʱ򣬾Ǵʦʱˣ
̫˵üͷĿҲǣ²ڽ֮󣬷ջ̽ÿֻ֣
Ȼ̫ҲûйȲɳ˲ٺǰʦͼϵ


225 ٷý̷˾
ᣬһյϢɣӽͻָ˾״̬
һֱԼȤ£ھһãвסˣʵ۷ԸԼԼȥǸ;ȥ̷˾
ӽ߳鷿ڹ˰ٴٻؼһգûͽߣϷȥ
鷿һ΢е⡣ְǻӽ֮ǰսҪȥϷøȥġ
ó˲鲻Ц˵˲ѵ˰
ģǻϵ˼ӽһߵʵһߵͥԺȥ
˲ȥϷ£Ȼ˲ں͹ܼҽҪȥ̷˾׹˲ǺԼЦȥ¡
æۣ˲̷˾ȥ
ԭʱ򣬿ŻŷԭϮһλѾǹˡ
ӽǷﰵظ̾»飬ȴûһ˿ͬԭ˵˼ΪӽţƱж񱨡
ӽһп쵽̷˾ſʱˣΪ׵ĴԼʮӣͷߡ
е죬ߵýˣպ̧ͷӽһ˳Ժ·ǣȥģ
˲㣿ͬʱʧе
զͲôӽһߴ߽һЦ˵
ʿŵ˽ڷӽ¹ȥء
ӽеݸߵķۣȻʣʵңʲôô
ʲóſڣӽڣһ˵׸˵˲ڼϢָ»硣
ʲôѾˣӽеԾ
΢¶Ժ֮⣬ش˼Σ˲ȿ
ãû⣬ǰ·ӽڴô̵ʱĻ磬ʲôġ
ʷԸһļȽȥ֪ͨ˲ǰ
ƥѾӸ̷˾ˣණ۸ӽڡҲǱȽϺ棬˲ƼǸ磬ʲôġ
ߵԭӽȥǸСԺʱѧʹ˵Ѿӭſˡ
ӽһҾһߵѧʹӭ˲
ؿʶˡӽһæ˵
˲˵ÿҲˣ˲ڣȻ׼ݡ
ӽ̨ǰеλã߷ֱ㣬Ȼӽĺˡ
ڴžʵıݣеţ֪Ǹ˲˼Ļ磬Ƿ˼
Ļ󣬾ӽһϤĸо̨ϵĳʵ࣬ԱûлױصĶ԰׺ͳͺĻ÷Ϸࡣ
籾ԭľ飬ֳֻһҵϷݣͻ˷޵ĶŮТ󱻽²³
ǸӽɫŮԱѶȺݵ쾡£ݶʱ˵ĸоĵĶû˿ڱȺǶʱʱУ˺ѷεܸоɫʹࡣ
Ļ֮ӽȹƣȻķ۸Ź
ӽ˷ģǺ˲⡣Ȼأ˲һ
ӽҲƴǣ΢¾˵ЧҾãйرǸղǸŮԱ
ӽ˵ʱ¶Ի֮ɫŷֿʱûԱʣϸĿڵŮϷӣݵرãǳλҲΪ⻰ӷֲ١
ӽ϶¶ЦݣΪܾǻ˲Ѫ
ӽ˵֮תķ۵Ǿô
ӽ죬Ȼش𣺡¾úʵ²
ĴͷҲ׷׷ԼĿ
ԣЩǰһ̫ˡ
ɱ˹Ľ²
ձ𣡡

ЩΪӽȣ˳ӽԼĿͬܵĻǴڵġ
ӽתӣʵûǵϴȻͬ˵ǵݳЧ˺ܶࡣ
һЦ֮ǰ඼ֵˡ
ʱӽֿˣ˵ҲһǷɡ
һһ֪ʲô
ӽӣȽ͵ֻСѡһ֮ͬĵȴʱ΢˵㡣ЩҪõķǳʵʲôȥֻҪóǸ˼򵥵㣬Ҫùڵ̫á
һԭϸڣͷġ
ڶıϻһ粻󣬾üƴһıȻ鷳ĻԲҪ
ȻҪʵϾһֱݵֶΣԱҪϡ磬Щʱı²ʱЩȡ
ӽ˵ǰλҲרҵôˣее㴵ëãԼĲĺˡ
ӽ˵֮һӽҾл˲
ӽҲһ񣬲˵ͰŵģΪ֮ģҲд
˫ϣӽ͹ǵٸĽĽ顣ȥƼûҲ⻰硣
һϲһл
ӽϲ󣬽˵ҹǷּġ
˲ʾ¡һվֱӣ˵


226 ܻͻ
ǣӽͰѲ֮սľ΢˵£Ȼǵ֮սϸ˵ȥʵص飬ٽ
Ϊִ̱׶Σ֮սʤûдҲ֪ݱӽ˵֮󣬴Ϊ˷ܡ
˵ʾһ¡ҵӽ棬˷ֹʹ󣬲ͼĿǰĻĽǰ裬ռһֲϡ
ӽֱƲԼ񣬾;ڽ̷˾ûʲôˣ㲻ٴʣԼĻˡ
˽̷˾ţӽɫ磬͹ȥˮ೧ǱߵĽȡ
ӽȻӽ˵˲ŮϷӺ죬ֻ벻ղŻΪء
Ŷôһ˵һˣ쵼Ӳ죬ܹҪƯŮԱո֣ϸӰϲּ·ӡӽĻЦתͷ˵
ϸӰеɻûס
͵Ϲߣȥˮ೧ӽҲֱͣ΢
ˮ೧Ǻӽ֮ǰһȻĳ棬˿ûֵܵӰ졣
ӽһ߿һߣԶԶ֮ǰ콨ĴʽˮҤ̴ѾðˣðŨŨĺ̡
е㾪ϲð̺Ũ˻⣬עע㣬һûƸȻüĲƸծ
ϲʽҤܹǿʼʽˮˣԤʾŵ·еȽͿԿˡ
ӽֱȥˮҤȥιۣһж
ӽȥæӭ˲ۼˡ
⻰ɫɤӽһ飬æﲻȻģûеĲ
ǣۼʽ⼸Ƭӣۼܹܲʥɡеɫ
Ҳȷʵñˮ೧һֱݸɾںں͹Ƿ˲پ
ӽ壬Цŵϲ
Ҳ˲ۼѣеĽ졣ʵرԼнĳɾͣΪվ˲Եʡ
ӽѣ¾ͲôľҲͲڴˮҤգ׸ϾͲ֪ҲͲнյͳƬˡ
ôʽˮҤˮôӽ˰ĻֻЦЦӦ£Լĵ⡣
ֳ£ÿյĲ֮ǰʮࡣּ⣬ڶཨˮҤ
˵ָӽıһֵ˲뿴ǱˮҤҲڶһ־ˮҤˮཨġ
ӽתȥȻæµ˳УˮҤѾ޵˵߶ˡ
ڸӽЩĳɼʽҤѾⶥںɣ׼ͽ顣
ӽ˵תͷͷȻʵֵʽҤأΣ
ֵʽҤʽҤӣ˻ܷⶥش
ţܺãǵĺڶаôҪǰ¡ԺЩĹдõġӽѯʿܴڵ⡣
˲ģۼķԸưšںӽĶԻУ֪ذ֮ǰһɫָԭӽ˵ʱĹ̬ˡ
ţã㿴̴ѡӽָðź̵Ǹ̴ѡ
˳ӽֿȥ̴Ѻûʲô⣬֪˲ʲô
ǣִɻر鿴ӽ
㿴ð̫ˡӽԻı飬˵
ͷ̴ðḷ́ɻתͷʵ˲кβô
ȻȾӽ͵
ȾԽԽͿˡ
úĩ֮Ļ棬ɢУȾ˿Ժǵ쿴PM2.5ָǵġ˸Ľ¡
һͷߣ˲Ļô
ӽҲ֪Լ˵ĳǰˣ͸Ŀڵ̴ϸ㼸õɴ֮ģͬ߶ȶżŷųȥ̹£˶ٹͳɱڽҲô
˲ҪϡŹ֣һֹһߴӦ
ӽԸ֮ʤȥͲٺͰ߶ȥʤǱߵˡ
ʤָͽˮ෿Ժˮ೧µİš
ˮཨЩҪǻˮľ飬⻹ǸӽҪġ
ȻǱйʹþ飬Ͼ٣ӽǴѽҪΪˮʹõ幤̣ҪȽϸߡ
Ϊ˲ˮ¶ĨڣʤȺʳ¯ĳˮһĥһʵ
ʤ󿴵ӽæѧͽǹ
ӽǰɪɪаܶһûһյĻӣ֪һȥˡ
ӽֺ󣬳Աů˵˺ܶ¶гɾ͸Уرʤ󣬻˼ϣǼ˼û˯þ
ӽѯʹˮľ飬ȻǷаȥǸˡ
ʤظ֤˲ģôˮѾûˡֻҪ͢Ͼܸɡ
ӽͷãǵϢɣž⼸ʱ䣬ͻǿʱƯ㣬ˮܴܲÿǡ
֤˲ġͬ˵
ӽǼȥɻȻˮ೧˸ʹŷۻظˡ
ͿſڵĴϣӽһлסˡ
æŷۻסӽҪĽлӡ
ǽлϹ¿ͷ˵ǻĸĿ첻ˣүкãԵġ
ӽǰķۣЩͭǮлӣȻ˵ǱߺͳⶼӪĸȥǱߣٻпڳԵġ
˵֮󣬾ƿлӣظȥˡ
ǽлһߵлһ߿ӽ
ȻղŻŵӣһ±ֱͦȻʹ˵еһȻ첽ȥ˲ڵСͬˡ


227 Ͷʯ
ӽܼںæӭͥԺ˸߽ӽ
ӣˡ
ǰôĿôӽЦʵ
ѧᰢֺͳ˷ļ棬ںӣûˡ
ںһӽϿε飬΢΢е죬ҲеԺս̵ݣвδգѻڽ̲ˡˣԸӵָ£ѧᡣ
ӽúǺЦ˵ʱǽȻӽһͥԺһǡ
۱еؿӽںĶԻæΧסӽһ½
ں߹ȥ£Ȼһ˭Сʯͷ
˿ֻʯͷѣһʹ˸ɫȥ˭ʯͷǳ˱ӵץסһҪѵһ١
ʱȻںӣ񲻶ԡ˵꣬Ŷӽһ˵뿴ʯͷֽϻͼ
ӽҲеʯͷһҵô졣
Ȼں˵ʯͷֽŵģ滹ͼе棬ְںϵֽ˹
һŰֽƺA4ֽСͰ͵ģñīһͼСһ̫ˣӽû
ʱſڴתͷȥǹ˰ٴ֮ǰŲ鿴ķۻˡ
ǷۼҿҡҡͷʾûӶˡ
˰ٴеӽ˲Ӷˣ
һǲѫӶģ̫ССûǸӽʯͷСѶµ䣬ҲӵģԹ˰ٴеΡ
ôͻ˰㿴ֽ֪ϻʲôӽһкһ߰еֽ˹ȥ
˰ٴӹ֮濴ԽɫԽ࣬Ȼã˲ǽ²
ӽһһ⻹ܺͽ²ϵϣ
ǣ˹ȥʵô£
˰ٴָֽϵĻ͸ӽ˲µĿǾʦӪ⣬ǽ²ڵƽ
˵ЩСǽ²ɹϸȥӪӽ˰ٴôһ˵еһС˵˼ˡ
ǣ˲µĳ֡˰ٴѵ
жȶӽ˵Զûй˰ٴ˹˰ٴһͼϵ˳ϣӽȴһֱδϵ
˵⽨²ϸѧ֮£н죿ӽù˰ٴѣðͷ
˰ٴͷصº˲һ
ӽɫһ䣬⽨²ô㲡Ҫӽ벻ͨһ㣬ʹ˰ٴôܵ飬˭ҵģԸ棬ַʽ
˰ٴһʱҲ벻ףҡҡͷ
ˣȲȥпѡӽĹ˰ٴҲ֪ⲻܣҪһֽ߰һ̧žſߡ
һӦһȻѾſڵӽһš
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Һôֿ٣ƽʱнӡռŽм·ʱҲûС³ֵԵʣЩ˲Żߴĳط
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228 ²ϸ
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۸԰ϸϣڹ˰ٴӽǰȥоʡ
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229 в
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ܿ죬˰ٴۣϸӽӱ޸Ͻǡ
Ӫһǣӽһ˳ӪԶȥ»վߵĿ׷˵ҿ˧˸ųȥСѱ
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ЩĹٵ̰֤ȷ䣬Ҳ׷ױʾò١
ʵʵĻ㱨һֱ˼˵վڵµӽԼ˰ٴ˵ʵ۵
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ȥһΣ֣ͰԸִ̫֮ΪԺ֮ףδܺöԺ̰̫֮ǧƤˡ޵˼תʵ۵е䡣
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˵ֿԼӽһ䣺Ҳʵʦ롣
ӽͷӦ˵ĲǱµ룬ǳ룬ҲǴǧǧյԸǳвʷ˵Ը
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֮ʱ̾ߵĹԱɵĽشΡ
󣬼ʥּϽǡ
һʥּ˲͢ˮ䷽ǧӾΪ˺ӽݲʾûдʥּС
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ڸǣͷĹԸԸǣͷ̰佫Ը
ڶգ͢ᣬĻʳȟRΪ̫ӣհסӴ⹬¡ʥּȷ̬Ⱥã̰ڲرصٹ٣̡ٷһȡ
ͬʱҲȷ²ս·عĲ⡣ʵԭɶʦԬԭǢ
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⼸ճ͢ϵ飬þʦۻҡ
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ţǹ֮ǰ˵õ̧ģҲƱģеǴ棬鱦ΣָĶС
ųַ͢һʥּԱٺ»Կδб仯Ա࣬طƷӹԱٺ»ƶԱ÷ط֮ԱΪˣٰר֣ڼнԼ;
һʱ֮䣬ʦյĻִǰնԽιԱͷ㣬תƵ档


231 ӽ
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ڵԭѹ죬Ǿƺȵöˣһһ׳˵Ȼôڵ˶
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һ˵˾ٱһ
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СȥȰһȰôǸ̼˵ˣҶǾʦŵˣ˼֪Ϣ֪ģ˵Ҫѵ㶮
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˵Ƽ̼ϵĲʣ޼תССλϼõ¾Ʋˣǰͷϡ
СһæӦһȥˣ˲Ӧ⡣
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С൱Ǹʱ򣬵һ˾ˡ
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׳Լ˵̫ˣΧ˶ע
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и̲סˣת˵λˣɶ²Ǵ˵˵ҲֺֺǡƲǮҲһݡ
ܵ˶ΨûиŴ֡
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ˣе֪еĲ֪ϾǸûеӣ㲥ͨѶߣ͢µûٴݵÿնС
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Ļ˵һƬ˽һ˼죬˲죬кôʱҶϣеεʱͲһҡŶǿɹܿɲְܵһ׷ζ׷
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⻰һڣһƬ֮ʲôٹ໤ʲô˵һƬ˵棬ٱõռ˶
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ǣЩ̰͸ȫһɱһɱһ˫
ǲҪ˵ɱ˽²ô
ʲôɱ̰̫ڵĻǰƤ³

ڵ˳һƬִһʡ˺һᣬ̼˵еʣȶƱһȻ˵͢µ˵ô


232 ڻ
ǲǳ͢հ䲼ĸԱн𰡣ͬ˵ˡһ˵ʳ˵
λ֪ĵ죬ǴϢǸ̼˵
һ˵ʳַָˣʲôҪȺ˼н̵ûô
ʲô
͢ôǮô
ǵĿڴˣǻǮ
˵乫̰ĹԱҲеģǵ⿿ǰٺ»̫ˡ
ƨȡôǮŮ˶Ƥȥˡ

̼˵ϢҲ뷢ԣ˫鰴ʾΧʳͰ
ʳǶܸӣذ
λ˵ʵڻղλ̨˵Աǵٺ»治ģһĳÿµ붼ƷٵҪߡ̼˵
˵æӴ˵ҪôðĹԱܻȥǲǣٲܱ˵Ͱɣǿǹү
󲿷û˵ֻмͬĵͷ
Ϊ²ھ֮أǰҪ֮¾ȸǣֲڵĳ˺ȣˣϲⷬٶѶΪ֮ġЩֱӾˣûϵѴ
̼ӦǾƺȶˣе졣
ϵһе㲻ʲôϲϺȵģǰЩ쳯ֲһĻô˲Ǵһʤ̻
ǰǰǿ˰ǧӰ˱ϵǸϲ
ۡһڴѭȥһһ׷ҿûͬʰ档
ǰɣզ˵һء֮ǰһֱû˵׳ʱ˵ˣչЩﶼѴˣĿ
˵͢ộûӮӣסǳء˲һôӣǸʳеʣе㻳ʤ̿ײס
ּ̼Լͬʣ˵ˣˣڲ˲˺ˣʥּϾΪԸĺɱӵ飬ǰ϶ġ
ǲ֪ô˲Ŷ˺飿һҲ˲ͽ˵
ʲô飿
Ϊʲô˺ɱôӣ˲ܡ
׳վ˵֪Щ˵ģ˺·߰ɣ׹ĸġ
ۡһ𣬱ȵһλ˲ֿղ
ȻǸһ׷Ѹջϵļָ̣ˡ
ˣɶ˼ѵǰ˵ˣ㣬׶Щ˵ģи˵ۿ˺Ƿǿ
׳û˵꣬һ紵˽ÿűߵļһ飬׳һתͷȥŷԭƿˡ
һٵͷɨ´ãܿͷһˣ첽߹ȥŸղ緹˵ӣˮ೧˵ϲˡ
Ŷ϶ǳˣߣϻȥǸ˶ͬͬ˵
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˶վӵǸ˳ȥ
˺СȥʣȻ׼šһŵʳ;е죬ȥ
ǣסˡȶһҾȻ˺ϵĹܼ壿
ǡںشȻʳ֪ͣʲô顣
ղǸˡǸʳųȷϡ
ƹӵģ˭ȻҼ˺ˣںͲ⡣
Ļ䣬ڶʱһƬ̾˭Ҳû뵽ղŵĻǾȻһóԷرǸ׳Ŵ죬оԼЩˣ߰ɣ
ںڵĳ΢΢е⣬ͦص˳ȥ
ӽԭ뻻ζʹ˱´ŻĽܾͽԸ˳飬ûôһ
һ߸·һ߶΢һĹ˰ٴҥԵұ˸߰ɣһӡҪٴȥȽ²˿ڶҪˡ
˵ԼЦˣ˰ٴҲЦҥԴͲףرǴҥԡ
ʱ򣬱ʦҥӣū̫
λһޣкҪô̫³ǵ⣬ǲɫʵ
󺹣ǼձһֱڼǳأٳȥزԭˡһȱƾٳĴ̫ʣͳ⡣
ǰǰ󺹣ǴҲûʲôôزԭǵĺڲԭǻȥءһŲһԭ
ھߣܻܿĪġ̫Ƶ˵
ɹŲһ⻰ŵһϤıζջȦס
һЩɹŲס˲̫⻰мûסʻ̫󺹣ʲôĪ
ǲ֪ôΪ֪ء̫װһôôªŵӡ
󺹣ʲô飿
֮Ϊǡ̫ڵЩɹǶ˵һ飬ϾʱҪʦĻЩڻһǿܻõġ
ɹһ̫Ľ֮ͣǰֿʼסˣ֮ǰסļѪӿŴʦǻǽɽɽԭˡ
Σɹлм˵ͷѵģر֮ǰڲԹļ졣ʻ̫ҪϵĻǷȷزԭǲڲʧ̫ˡ
̫ǲŹЩڻң΢˼£˵ĳ̽
ǣ̫ЩɹٴԼתغãټĳ̡


233 볷
̫ջغãĳ̾ʹҴҸϵˡ˫һ˦䣬һ߹һӣʦϸϢˡ
Դ̫ߺк鶼ͳ죬֪Ϣ
̫һĻе㼤æʵΣмԸ齵Ҵ𣿡
ӣϵϸ˺ץ󣬴Ӫ䱸ɭϣ޷ϵĳ̻ش˽̫Ϊ㱨õϢǨŭ֮٣˶Ǿʵش
˺˲ô̫˽ġ
ūŻδ꣬ʵΧ֮˵ȣ̫Ӷ£̰ٹٽ֮С
ʲô˵һΡ̫ʧɫæȷϵ
ĳ֪Ϣ̫ˣͰϢٸ˵һ顣
̰ÿһĻʵ۶Ҫϳ͵أǻʵ۱ˡûʵ̰Աٸԭְû̫Ĵ˿ա
̫˺ϸѯ˺öϸڣ÷ĳ
н߽ʦӶռʦ·߲ͨˣ̫ɵó˼Ժİšһᣬʷĳ̵ūŵļʶֵ͵ġ
ӣū⼸տʿǺܸߣʷḻ件ֶ䱸֮ǰʱڲ衢ɽܴ죬ǲԸй֮١֮ʤ֮ǰʿӰ첢ûȫĳ̰ϵͲļ˵̫
֪Ұս̹ǡ̫ͷͬĳ̵
ϸϣϸץһǳҲϲϸǷϣ޷Ӧϴǡ֮зĴѻ٣Я븽ǣѾ󡣡ĳ̵һ˹⡣
˼Ǵʦ̫΢üͷ
ӣʱڿҪˡĳѵ
صϤԼڵУκŮ棬ûͺ˱ȡ
̫ũūĳ˵ôԭ󣬾е⶯ˣе᲻ùڵķ
ĳ̿ˣͳӣʦԿһס򳤳һߣԱٴء
̫һȫİ취͵ͷãٿ£Ϣٱ֪
ȷĳ˳ȥ󣬻̫ʼͨ̿ʦĸˡ
ڹڣйؼ汸ĲӲСľƹأЩɹҲһǺ˷ġ
⼸ǳҪסͺˣ̫뵽Ȼ⡣
ʱǰõɹŲǼ̫ٳٲе㲻ͷˣ۵ʹ˺á
̫ЩЩɹûдߡԼȻѾҪʦôЩɹǼˡ
̫뵽⣬תǰá
ɹһֹ̫ۣͣ
̫ɨһȦɹ죬Ȼ˵ɹһҴѡֵܣǵϲŭ֣Ҵܸͬܡβٲʧأرǰ³زǹԭϵļˣ޶⡣ˣ޾ȷŹһɹֵϢںʹ𹲸󡣡
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󺹣ôŹҵĻˣһɹŲ̲סʵ
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ֱ̫һĻ˻ȥȻ˵ûʲôϧϧģ޵У߾ߡ´ƨӡ
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̫Щɹ˺󣬾ټŮͷĿᡣ
ڻϣǴʦ飬Ȼѷĳ˵ЩԼĻһ飬ʦյȻԱ
̫аյģ֮ǰɹʹӾزԭҲûȺԼҽ
ȻճܴһͷĿʦɶﻹźһѣ˶˼αڣȥˡ
ԭеڵһô˶ʦҲԥȻȥһˡ
ԽȻؾתʲôʱȥλȥ
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̫ôһ˵ôѡΧĺСˣĿǰλȨصľǰ˴˶ա˴УСյ仹˷ģĿȻֻĴˡ
̫ǽ󺹣϶ģôʣԱѡˡ
Уƴ˼裬𣻶çŶ̩³ç֪顣ڻ̫֮£׾ȷعڵѡհ
̫˵ȰɹߣⰭְţȻĴһΣһЩ˿ڣɴѺɶ
ߵʱһѣǽ²ԸԱͬ˻̫İţɢȥ׼ֻɹһߣ׼
̫鶼ԼϣȽ˴ʦĸˣְԼԵıһڹڣʢԸʣվ׶ˡ


234 
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ӽùˮ೧½͵ĲҤӦԲ
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ڼ첿ڽиƣͷʲôĶб䶯Ҫڸ󡢳ʵһЩ飬ˣʵۺæ
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ʵһ˵ɹˣǻϲҲԼĲˡ
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Ϊ˺ģԼϲѶĻȻ뵽˺Ĺͣĸǻ뷨Żȸӽȥ棬֪ӽһĹͣС̴ɹˡ
Ȱ˳ĻӽԳʵ˵£ⲣ岻Ǵʵֹˣⲣˮһһáãˮ໹Ҫһԭ֮һ
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ʵӽôһ˵Լÿȵˮֿʬ壬ɵøееġ
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ӽһߵ̹ŮȻйϴεĽѵЩӦǳʵѡԿɿˣԼҪ˵Ļ漰ʵ۵˽Щ˻ĺá
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£ʷϾʦʧݵһҪԭˡӽ˵
ʵһһ±ֱӣӽӽҪݡ
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ţһߣȾԼǿʸߡΪߵԴͷϵ飬Գ֮Ϊߡɹ˽ŷޣʹȥߣҵ˿һ룬֮Ϊ
ʵӽôһ˵ʶߵԣæ˵ʦôΣɱô
ǣɱһ棬Ҫã˴Ⱦֲ롣ӽ˵
ŴߣǱȻġʵ۵Ȼ֪ھӽôһ˵ʶҪԣȻԭһֱעû˻ʵһӳ̶ߵһǰδеĸ߶ȡ
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235 ΢Ҫ
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ʵۺΣʦܹͯĿӽĻУʵۻһЩϣǾǴȥооԸߵİ취
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ڶ;ǰо͸ⲡǳʲôģϰʲôģͨʲôֶɱ˵ҽǴӺ۷棬˵ȥоǳղ˵־Ǵϸ΢֣⣬Ҫõһ߾΢
ӽȥƵ˲ʹˡ
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ʵһᣬӽ˵ʦ㾡Ǹ΢Ҫһ
ӽ²üĿٸ㣬ûʵôͷ룬ºҲϣ˵ҰҲбҪģϸоһʱ̾ܳҪһʱڡ
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ǣӽǱʵۣˮ೧ȥŻϽ顣
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֪ʵ۴ǰʲô飬е̿֡
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ʵۿԴҴȥţţʦ˵΢絽ʲôأ
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236 ˮ̻
ʮգϵһˮнʦʼͬʱɹЯڹĶزԭ
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еĽ죬֮ڶ̶̼콻һĳҪٺܶ࣬ڶǵԵģĲࡣϺ㱨ʵҪʱ䡣ھʦڵȡڼûյĽ
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磬˵˰죬û˵ˮʲôӼǵԼ⡣
ҪˮʲôǺܿͿˣ㿴ЩˣǲǸȥͬһǿ϶Ҳȥֵģȥ˾֪ˡ̼һ߻شһָ·˵
׳ͰӶܺ棬ôȥӦǸĶǣͼӿŲǰϡ
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ϹѾȽ϶ˣԶԶվǿ㳡һӴĽһ߻۷׷ס
Ǳ˾ıڸά򣬲Ӱеʩõĵ·ó
ԴӿʼкͲϵĳӰѾʦ˸ʱһһĹȥԽԽ࣬Ӱʩ
Ǳ˾ֳİٻЩΧ۵˶ߣѲӹص˺סˣûӵĲŻȥЩѵĹԱ
˺ֻñάֺãӰ칤ʩͿˡ
еʩضΣµʩʽµĽµĽϣɿĽٶȣЩ˿ڿഫԽԽ࣬ڵΧ۹ģΧۿڴĴͳһֱܺõļ̳е
ʱеëѾ깤󲿷СѾߣֻʤͽڷˢǽڡ
̼ǵڶˣֵ˸ʵλãȻʼݸܡ
ôûһľϣҲûһʯϣôķӣڶ̶ھˡֵ̼Ļлһ˿̾
׳ͰѾеˣҪ˵ľϵķӣҲУЩڷ棬дľġ
ǰⷿôǺ϶ֺܴܴˡû˵ʦа˴ľŴĽ߲ͨ˴ľĻȫǰտ϶ᱻΪҪȻ˸صĴʯϵĻҪˮɱڱţС
ӹ˺һᣬŻعͷ̼֣ʵ磬ǿľϣأľô
˵⣬һľ϶ûСֻ̼ش
ʲô֧ôķݣ׳ʱҲѾعˣֵ̼
˵ˮɳСʯ֮ģټ֧ŵġ
ɳСʯܶѳķݣҪֲаҡͷŵ˵
˵Ҳָ֣ô֡ҹؼӣؼˮ࣬ôˮࡣֵּ̼ʲصϣֻԼʵԼһʱֵܵķӦ˶١
԰磬ˮʲôأӸϽشԵԼô
ˮͬŴ֭Ŵ֭ЧҪãεذɳСʯӶôķӾôġְ̼Լݸֵܸһ顣
ˮǲǺܹ󣿡׳ʵΪŴ֭ҪõĶӦñŴ֭ɡ
˵ˮļ۸Ŵױˡֻ̼ش
磬ô˵˵˭˵ģװ˵⻰ʱ򣬿һԼܡ
̼һ΢΢е죬ѾԼֵܵˣȴҲش˵ģ˵ɹġ
׳ͰһͶ뿴û˵йⷿݵ顣
ּ̼˵ĶһˣȻ˵˵ǹΪ֪ˮңһƵĻᣬ֪ô


237 ˱ʺ
һƵĻᣬϼעԼλݴ硣
ˮνϰɣ̼׳Ͱӵ
˵ͷղѾȶԣǿ϶ġ
λֵûзⷿ»ô̼ʵ
ɳɵķݣôľͻɡǣ˶ҡҡͷ
ΪֿԶԣˮؽ£Ժµķݶõˮࡣ̼ƾ۹ֱ˵ˮļֵ
׳ͰӶֻǿǰˮΣڿֵ״̬Զû̼һʶȥԼܴлʲôô
̼ôһ˵æʵ磬δзƣ
ˮ̼࣡һһ˵
˻࿴Ȼɰʵ磬ηһͷûа
ΪⶫӦʳһɹٸָˣΪֵ뷨ΪȥȻ˴Ǯȥˮƾ֤Ϊ׼ˣˮںܳһʱڣṩӦ󣬷ضô̼Լ۾Ѿ⡣
׳Ͱ˻࿴ûԥ̼˵һֳġ
ϣٿݣԽԽúÿֻΪŶѣͷ·÷ڷŽ⡣Ȼ׳ʵ磬磬˵ⷿ͢ݣģ
סˣ϶ǣ£ҲܣǻȴٷʵҲ𰸾ʳ⡣
ѵһµţֲ̼µ˶ûп϶𰸣ⲻǹĵ顣
˿˰Ҹ¥ȥȾƣһЩƴƵϸȥ
ӽʱ֮ǰŽˮ೯Ϣʱʱͨշε˽㱨
Щ˶ӽɳȥˮģǸ̼˵˵ʲôʵӽɳȥˡЩһһռڵķӦӽ㱨
صϢУ̼뷨Ҳв١
ӽú⣬ȵнúٹʱ䣬ˮЧãʱͿˮˣˮϸڻûá
ӽһϢһڿ顣ڻźҵֶΣʲôȽϷĿǰ衣
Ȼӽǰȥ
ϽҲǰӽûʱͳڳʵ۵ǰ
Ļڵ˱Ƚ϶࣬ڸ׸ʣͳĸڣϡ
ӽһƣ֪Ҫ顣
ʵۿ˵ˣ䣬ʦ˵˵һյɡ
ӽһԭˡ
΢΢еΣΪҲһݹף˵̬Աǰ˺ࣺܶ˺յۺʮǧİʮ
ӽһﰵǷһʺơҲ࣬ԳڱǿٹٻõǧΪλġ
ʵ۴ϱ֮ӽ˵У޾һ߾֮Ƿá
ӽͷ϶ģ߾ǲϵġʵԼ˵ʲô˼ûס
ʵ˵֮׸ʻ⣬ӽ˵˺Ϻڸ˼ǣһѺǰȥ߹طַ߾
ӽһʼûʲô˼ôָԼȥѺͣԼû鰡
£ǰû飬ûо顣ӽʵʵ˵
ʦȥ޷ġʵֻõ
˺ûûϵϤ̵ĹԱӣֻල䷢żɡҲ˵
ӽʵֿۣʣȻ׹ǲڴٹ٣ǻ֣ԼǰȥҪµļϵ֤Ч󣬲Żġ
ǣǾôذôһӽԼϣȻԼƷ϶ûģɱӦûԼô˽ɡ
ɻؿʵۣ˵ȻųǳԸȥ
ʦˮ䷽иղȶŵ׬Ǯŵ׸͢˭ỳʦ̰Ǯأʵۿӽеɻ󣬾͸ɴ࿪żɽصĻڵ˶ӽԭ
ӽȻԭԭ򡣲ΣӽڳʵۺǸеܸ˵أʳʵ۵£Ҫô
Ⱦ֮صսƽϢ֮Ѻ̫ͣȫʵҡҡͷ˵
Ǳ߾ô죿ӽʵ
һֱϵĻҲһ취ɣ⾩֮صս»ûȷʱ䡣ӽҲȷԼѾиıʷսµĽʱ϶Ҫʷ硣
׼ɳʹǰ߹شţѳﱸϣսһ˾Ѻˡټһʱ䣬ʵڼֲȥɵطٸŲòɽȥݽ衣ʵ۰Ľ˵ӽ
ӽˣҲû취İ취͵ͷʾ⡣
ʵۼ˵ĲˣͿʼһ⣬˵ʦʦ˵˵
⼸ɳҹջرɹѾ˳ڻزԭˡɤһֱӽΪһֱú˵ġ
ӽһڵĻ϶Գʵ˵£²ҲҪˡ
ʵ۵ͷѾֹҲۡ
ӽʦ˵⽨²ȫ˳ڻǻһЩ飿
²Ķ򻹲ȷҪߵĽҲƲ⣬ԳʵӽϾӽӺģٶвοļֵ
ӽ£ԼĿǰΪֹΪûиıʷ̫ࡣ˵ʱ򣬺Ȼ£˺ж۳˰ٴתݽ顣


238 ²Դ
Ļڵһе֣ô˺ģ
ʵɻؿӽ֪ӽʲôʱѼﵱӪˡ
ӽʵεص£Ҳһͷˮ
ȻҲ֪ʵ۾Ͳٲ£˰ٴ
ڵȹ˰ٴʱڣӽȻһţʧ£֪ˣ
ͳ˧һȳʵۻģȿʵӺδ
֪̽ҹնӪϢͽʦļ
ϴεͶʯŻǵò֮벻ˡӽشڵ
ʵϣһӽĽͣϻȻ򣬵漴¶ɻ֮ɫӽʦ޿ϴţ滭Ķ˿ô֪Ǿأ
ʵôһ˵ӽҲ벻ˡ
Һʱ˰ٴѿ첽ĻٷȥҲˡ
£顣˰ٴ˵꣬һ۵ֽ
ϵӽһ;ÿ϶ǺϴεͶʯһԴΪֽнԵޡ
ʵ۴˿ǽӹֽ̳ȻһλʲôѶͼһߴ
ûͼֽκͼֻм֣²ˣǧء
ЩֲһдģǺüдģΪֵıʼͬЩճֽϣƴһ仰
ʵۿеƣ˭ʦţôأôϸľȻҹ̽ģΪϸֺ;ͳ˧֡
ʵһһ̰ת´󳼿
ȿ飬ӽһʹ˰ٴô
ǵģ˵Ǻϴһ˴涪ԺͶߡæ׷ȥûпӰ¹ش󣬾ҵϣҵ¡˰ٴ龭ϸϸػ㱨һ飬Ϊ֪ҲݣȽϴ
ûôӽͶʯŵʵǺ棬úͺϿعһ
˰ٴҡҡͷû
ʱѾֽ꣬ݸӽ
ӽ˺͸֣ٷְٵعΪѧƴ֡
ֽϵݣΪӽԼƲĲ࣬һ㶼֡
ӽֵݸѵȺʱʣԼǷʲôʱоȹ²ˣʲôˣΪмԼԼЩѪŶΡ
ʵΪ²ֻһֱڹڣΪĽ²ض᲻ռǳصʵ⣬Ϊ˵ķ磬ǶӺͶԽ²ĲͬϤ̶ȶġ
ֽϵݺԤƵĲ࣬²Ȼߣõĳǳء
ڳʵۼҪ漰µĳѾ꣬Ϳӽʦô
£ΪģΪŵѾŹһغõ鱨ͳڼ˵һ¡ӽش
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ӽ˵ʵ˼ʷҲģĻھͳʵۺö
Ϳʼˣˣʲôû˵˰ɣŶҪҸղ˵ˡ
ƿԣʲô
ʵۺʿڱӽϷŪЦ˻滹ǿŵûҲû
˺ô˵ģˣϺ׸ûָҲ£ͷ·˼ʲô⡣
ʵۿʣ͸Ͻ˵ʦϢΪ棬ǸӦԣ
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ˣǽ²˳ȥˣʵڵ
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˵ʱļλ⼸;нûйϵйϵӽȻ⡣
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ΪβˣҾ뷨ܺðӽһ
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ӽһúе֮һļʣҲǲðյģΪҪǴܣʦΣˡ
£һڳ½²Ǻʵ¼Ȼ²Դ˰ǧڹڣΪЩ²ˣҲǶԽ²һشڸ˳ʵһȽʵʵĽ顣
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ʵۿںӽһ뷨ͳ˼£ûǰȫΪϵĺãʱܱ֮󣬼ǧ²Ҳһʤ
ǣͷ̬Ҳãʦز𻹵ȥġ
ǣ¡ڴӦ
ʵתͷһֱڴ͵Ļ䣬̾ҪӣҪΪԤһ⣬ܱҲ쵽ˣľӪغҲȼƻ
סϸϽش
½ˣʵ۾Ϳӽʦһºйأ޺׸֮


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ʵӽôһ˵΢е죬ΪЩˮ棬ļˡ
ӽûȥϸĲ쿴˵飬ڰԼ˼·˵ȻǲˣȶõĹ£û⣬Ǯ˭׬׬
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ذӽȻ˵
ʦθأʵҲʵ
££ڹ󶼻ûˣ޳أ档ù۵Ļʵӽ˵
ǷԺʳһĹ֮Ա߲廰
е㲻һʳǱƷˮȻܴ󣬵ȴǱƷӰͨϰյԣ˸ӣ˵ҿԲԡ
û˷ԣӽͰĴ뷨˵¡
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λΣʵ˵
ĻڵʡڶûŴ̺ôСǲ죬˺Ȱ˵ѿܴҲ޲ɡˣǶûзԡ
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ʵ˿ӽʦأ
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Ĳˣɢᣬæȥˡ
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ڲˣʽ𣬻Ǵ޵еĹ̡ӽͰЩ鵱һĿѾȷʼͼȻ󿪹С
ϽǳӽȻԼĸںйͶʯŵº󣬾һͷԼ鷿ʼдд
ڶ죬ӽʤ󣬰һͼֽˮ೧ǰĴ·ƽһյسͼֽ
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ָȫ룬ɡָȫ֧桱ָʲծȨáָծҵͶʣߵĹϵǣáʮ桱ʮɡҲ˵ʱڡɡ򡰴桱ڡáΪӮ
Ϊԭʼƾ֤Ǽˮˣٴˮ˹˻ˣս˻ݽ˻ǼǽɱݴʻǼǴñǷνġšɱʹñʲծûбʵĲ
ӽûжٿԽ̵ˣֻǰһ˰ʣΪʽˣˡ
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Щӽһʱ䣬Щģһ齫Ҫ飬⵽ʱĿʼʱæҵ顣
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ôӶ˼֮󣬻ûж˿ڣֻ̫ѺΪհʦʢѹڵһн˰
֪βᣬڣرǾʦռ˼ǳأ϶ǻԴԴϵġ
ˣһսһ߶౸ľʯǾľ
Ȼڽ²˻̫˶գ԰Ϊףʩ˸ΥѹƵȨðڼеƮƮȻ
ټϰûл̫ؽ󣬺ֵһͶ²ĺˣʼر¶˶ºٵӡµĺٽػ̿
µİǧ²ӣЧ£ʼѹռصĺ˰ա
һգټΪһС°һȺٴһ٣˼λȽϵ͵ĺ顣
ɢ֮ƽĺͷĿصػصΪԼǰ;ġ
ķ˹˵ûǡҪ֪ǷԲˣ֣ǳ谮Ĳˡȴǣɼ֮
Ȼ׷Ҳʮ࣬Ϊúã̴棬ζʮ㣬֮ʤŮ֮ʱ˰ĳ谮֮˿δӶ١
үֵĺƽʱȫһɵе㵣ģ͸赹ˮӴںѵ˵˳
׷һüһ̣˵үʲôѵģα˳üء


240 Ů
һ˺⣬ŵɻʵˣǰĳĺܣүҾľΪ£ȴһ˿ͬ˲ɶܸıЩ
ү̵ֶĵôЩԱˣȻү鷳ˡ׷˵
֪ɶո˵ˣĳͷιİǡүѾöûһáⱾΪ˻ɶ⣬ûԼ뵽ˡ
ǾûͶԡ׷˵ȰĻһ䣬ֱ½۵
һûͶԣ˽鱦棬˸飬ôûͶء
žͷۣԼûлͷ·ߵģΨһ·ŴߵףԼĻô찡
׷һүһְۣûǾͽү˻һˣǴձضϲġ
һʵʲôûͣͿ϶˼ұϲ
ү룬ĳƧ֮أǼ绨عѡÿ͹ȥūҾͲˣèմȵģ׷˴ľ˵
һһüЦ˵ǣèմȵĵȨɫһֱ׷Ķô
˵꣬Цʧˡ׷˿ʼΪԼĺүͬ⣬үתֱ˻ȥɵʵүôˣ
⿴Լҷ˵ˣ˼ҹΪգҲһ֮£֮ϵȻ֮ضŮûһǧҲа˰٣ѰŮۡ
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⿴˲˵üţȴһζǰټһְ˼̲סȥǰӡ
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׷һ˰һۣôŰūͳȥūҵ⣬үô
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׷Ҳһ˵鷳ˣͲҪҡ
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뵽Ͷ԰˵ŮԸޣΪǡ
ǱտԭŶѵ
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֮ǰ;һĴ磬ȫԼһ°ѰԵߵ
飬ˮˡһ³˰ˣλһЩ²ͷĿˣҲҵ
ԴȢ˰ٲ飬ԭ֪ãչ˵͡


241 
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Щ飬ȻҲӽ߻ġЧôٴӱǲġ
ӽɳ˴Уɢȫȥֽҡ
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ϦС뿪Ϳ˵ʼУǳֽ͢Ҷһ֮أԻϲŻ١
ֽңʲôֽңͨб̼е㾪죬֮ǰеų̫Сϰղҿ˲֪ϸ
ҲǴͨбǴ˼Ϧҡҡͷһ߾һߴӻͳ˼ţǿǴ˼ʽֽ
˺شϦ˼ſһʽֽҸе棬üվٳԷյ
˿˺󣬶ʽֽҵľеܾȡó͢ǻ˴󹦷ӡЩֽҵġ
ֽҾ龫˻Ǽǵ֮ǰĴͨб³̼Ϧ̨Щֽǳ͢ģ
ϦҡҡͷһջԼֽһ˵ԼȥġʵӽǵĻѡ
ʲôԼȥģͲЩֽΪһŷֽô׳һһ˵ɵôˡ
ΧΧ۵Ҳ׷׿Ϧ·𿴵һ񾭲Ӳˡ
ǶʲôϾɵ˼롣Ϧֳ˶ǵĲм
̼֪飬æʵ̨̽ҵȡ
ͭǮֽòϦûϸǽ𣬻ֽҵĺô
ֽҵıֵ֮⣬Ҳʵҵȱ㣬ҲǴοʼԷֽҵԭ֮һ
ֵ̼ͷֽȷʵٺö鷳
֪ǵĵʲôֵֽĻǲǻѡֽϦʵ
Χ˻࿴ȻҶͷ
ǲ͵ˣڳ͢й涨ֽҿԶһֵͬҲԶһȼ۵ֽҡʱԶһͯۡϦһô벻ͨı顣
ǸʼУ̼ɻʵ
ʼУع涨вԹɫһһ֪Ϧ϶
˻࿴ǵǰĴͨбɹٸǿзŵģҲܶһڳ͢˵ܶһܶô
ϦЩ˵ı飬֪ɻ󲻶˵չԱٺ»ţȫ˼ǻûȥʼжһ
԰̨⻹δٺ»֮ʱɡֺ̼ȻϦ˵Ļд©֮
Ȳ֪ΪףʼеĿҵǰٺ»Ϧش
ϺȻһΧ۵ʵô֪ô
Ϧһ㶣Ȼϻشȥǿ֪ˣң֪
èèй̼֪ġûȥʺδϢϾȽ˽
ԱȥнֽһͨҲȥһֽ̼ȷϵ
ǡϦͷ
ǴͨбǷҲȥһˣֽ̼һʵ
Ϧû뵽⣬£ȻشУǴ˼һ
ǲҲǹٸеֽôΧȺ˵
ǿͨб˼ӡƾ֪ˣ϶ԴġϦش
ǲƽ˱ԹȺҲм
׳ϦɫתϵΧɶðǳԲԷˣߣߣߡ
ȷʵǣһȺΧĸˣզԷЩΧ۵Ҳ߰˰ˣ͵һǸԼλȥò͡
̼ҲϦһֻ⣬òˣƱյغ
ڱ߳ԱĵĹУֲ̼ͣûϦ֪ĸࡣ
Ϧֵװɵܸߵͳͳ
ԵϦ˻պûиµһΣͺСʣ͡
СܹЦŴϻڻŸǮϦֵ̼͹٣һһһǮ壬лл
ϦһѰס̼֣˵ٸֵܿҾͲˣ
ּ̼Ϧ˵ˣͲټ֣ûϦʵ״


242 һһ
ֻϦӻͳһֽңóһһֽҡһһǮֽҡһֵֽҺһֵֽԼһֽңһֽңݸС
СǿϦһһû⣬ֽգϦ͹٣ô
ôͲˣʵʵأƼûǮͨʹáų͢ĹӡϦ˵
͹٣˼ǸС֪ô˵ˡ
ƹһֱעߵĶڿ͹СϦ͵͹٣ɵСӪÿֽҵǲǺǰıһɵʵڲ֪͹ٸᳮɡ
дǳ͢³ıǰĴͨбǴ˼һġֽڴʼɶһġϦװѹŭ˵
⣬͹٣ȹգɵȥкʵ֮ô˱ʿɺãڣܷʱȻʣƹǺԽͣȻǸˡ
ּ̼˫ţԼǮϦҡҡͷôԱٺ»Ժȫ־˼ֱԺ϶һ˿͡
͹˵ǣɵ´һաƹӦ˼ȴǣһҪʵҡ
ϦƺΣͰѴ˼Żػóһƹ˵ʮȥɡ
ƹæллϦ£Ȼȥ̨ˡ
ƹߺϦͬļ˱Թǲʶ̧٣鷳
ְ̼ο̨һʶͷ̨ͣȥһҳԹ
׳ͰҲǸͣȴ룬ֽԼҵԼջǲգ
һᣬƹͻʣµһظϦ
û룬ʱϦȴˣ˵ƹɫ֮Ļ
ƹ֪λ͹ٿ϶ԼղŲֽңֻúûͻ˺þò¡
ڼ䣬׳վȰϦˣӦò⡣ۼְֿ̼סˣû˵
˿־磬ţʵȷʵûֽҷ㣬־ʱܼ
ϦǱȽƹ񣬻ʺ󣬾ͬǡ
̼´ξ۲ֻͣ˵æԵˡ
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׳ͰȻû֮ǰʱֻԶۣܽۿˮཨȻǺõġ
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˾͸ֺ̼棬࿴һۣȻɰӿڵ磬Ҳûס
ҿ͢ǻ׼ֽˣӡϾͲỨô˼ҲôйԱٺ»ΪֽҡҪǡ̼˵ͣסˣתˡ
ʲôӺܺõϵ
͢ˮУһ֮áְ̼Ļ˵ˡ
ǻ᲻᳤ڿԶһһؼ⡣
⣬̼־ͻش𲻳ˣҡҡͷҲ֪ߣȥ
˵ֿʼǰУһ̼ˣղһҲŴ˼ȥջǲգ
׳ղ⣬հɣⱦɿհɣֿܻ⣬û׬ͷʵѡ
ҲԥûлشĻͿڰ뷨˵˳
ֳ̼ĬһᣬȻ˵罨գȷʵֽǱȽϷĶһһ
磬ʲôһһʱ򿪿ˡ
ÿп֮ǰŵյֽһֻ̼ش
ãС׳ͬ
ÿһĻٸˣöһˣԼҲʧһѡ
ô൱ÿֽң˺öһ鷳ٳֽҵĹ˿͡
ǣҲֵ̼ͬĽ顣һֽҵһȥС
˴ʼкΪеĽ̾оΰҵȻǴʯ̳ɣƽ̶֮ʯ
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ȻתеĴŴһܴĲһŴ󲼸棬ϸϸ˵˴ʼеְܡ
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ڵȵĹУֶ̼Կ϶Զһ͢ճߣһʼͲʵʩǸԼˡ
Ȼڽƻ֮ʱ˴ҴҹֽҶһ֮󣬴ӻͳһЩֽңݸˡ
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׳ñȽֵ֣̼Ϊ˴æʳǸ£ܲӰɡ
ֿ̼˵ıӰһᣬ˿϶ĳλԱļˣֽң˼˹һ±˿˵ӵ͢˴æȥ
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˵ǡҲͬ
ߣֿ·ʱֽ̼ס׼ؼҵ˵ӦһСƿԷȻзգΪֵһԡ


243 
磬ʲôƵĻᣬϴεˮൽڻûϢءӺʵ
Ҵ˺þãûˮϢֻܵϢˡղ뵽ķƻᣬȴǿȥġ̼˵
磬ɶƻᣬ˵˵ġ׳˵
ȥһЩǰĴͨбҹⶫܻǡ̼˵ʾյûȷаգԴǵĽǮȥһţӰΪҪ
ǾôͨбҲܶһ׳һֵ̼Ļæȷϵ
̼ҡҡͷ˵ҾӦòܣ͢ӿ֮ʼٶ귢˶ͨб俪ʼٷţڻıҲǲ١ҪǶܶһ͢ô
ǴΪʲôͨбȥأʵ
ֿ̼ӣֿ׳ֻǾã͢ƳʽôĶҪͨбһɡİղǺܴǮչһЩھһֽۣҲ˶ٵġ
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ӽ˼룬Ҳһķֻʵۣûа취
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ǵԺپʣµͨбô
ҲҿǷһʺƣĻڶʶҲС
˭Ҳû뵽ǣȵͨбղؼֵȵһ״˼ҪֵǮԭǾһϵеĴʩʹôͨбϡ١
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ӽйŴǾֹˮǵԼǸʵۺҲ˸Ľˮ̣һЩˮ档
ʵˮߺͱ׼ǹҵռĻһԾˡ
ӽѸ๤ͷԼǵİ˶еռߺͱ׼ĸ
˵ӽרŽӣ˵ղȥ鿴ʱ򣬷Ĳһܳεģͷ˻ĵ˵˵ڵǰʱò̽ģȻմˡ
˵ӽȫǶעԼȻҲǸἰĹȻ˵ڲҵ˵ǴǸеģ˱Ƕ˺ܶľ飬ǵǰʱڡȽġǡ
ȫһ˿ûУӽġ
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˲Ҿͺ˵˵ǲĹҲܴܲѧʲô
ӽٲȻһɴʦ˵緶ټվżݵضۣơ
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һ˵˺ö໰ӽеʣȺ˿ڲɤӣȻ˵ŵϣǲҲģߣȻѲˮ򴵻򵹽ȥأǲǻ򵥣Ǹ͹͸ǲǿԲ滭ͬȵԲģߣģƬĥƻ᲻ʡܶ๦أ
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244 ûô
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˵֮ӽͽϰ壬뿪תáЩһռ䣬ٵ顣
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ӽĻһ䣬¹ǲһƬ̾һԭô򵥵뷨ǵС
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ӽһǺЦԼղŵľǺõô˼ά
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ǲͷǸ֮ǰӽ˵ˣֻûеѡһӽæվӦһ
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ӽھֵ飬˽⣬ֻܶһҪ£ȡʵɹ
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˰ٴЦЦһ㶼֣ʲôط˶ǴӽѡľѵǸ߹Ҫġ
ܳ϶ǷҪŷųġ˵ģô̵ʱڳ⼸˵ĵӻǲġ
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˰ٴҡҡͷҲ֪ûյ֪ͨ
ӽԼˣöǰԼûˣǲǾͲҪˣȥʳʵۿ


245 ޵гɷ
ļ죬ӽһֱڴʼУŸԼɳȥл㱨
һЧȵյʱиչһֽˡȻĿСˡ
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ӴʼÿһľٴһЩģֻҪ治ӵĻӦûһľ档
һ㣬ڳֽ͢ҷһֱڿӡȥıԽ࣬ԽһֱֱԶӡֽΪֹڴģӡֽ֮ҵĳɱǺܸߣ϶Ųһ̡
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ӽְѻعͨб¶Ҳʵۻ㱨ˣʵ˺üͷӽʦа취
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˫֮Ͻܸһ˵λǹɳͣɻˣǴ˴ǰʦʦ͂߰ͳ졣
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ھͲһˣ۷Ź⣬ľ³Ʒһ㣬һЩһǰȥǰҵؿ
ӽﰵţҪԼԽʱսӰͷ뷢ս棬֪ôһ顣
Ҳ鷳ÿһڶϸؿȥΪʱ˺˵⣬Եȵ֮ߵ˺¸иšûתͷûӽһңһʵ˺أ
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ӽں͹˰ٴ죬ûߡȴ˹æѵǶˡ
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251 
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յתȥָĲ׼ڣںںӽܵһ۲㣬Էվ̫ܵըڸ˵
һӵ󣬾ͿʼѸж凉拾ԼضȽвװУ׼ȴ䡣
׼֮󣬹ܹھʾǷ䡣
ڽӹһͲԶ˿ڰУȻ˷
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ȥЩֿʼȻڵߣȻס㵽һߡ
䡱һ죬ӽһͬʱһ赲ߡ
ڵҲ̫˰ɣӽﰵ˵
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Ϊз磬ȥҲ졣ںӽͲԶʵЧ
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ӽǴӪʣЦһ£Ȼ
עڳ꣨1630꣩ϵġ²ݶؽԱս衷Уƣ
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252 
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Χ˿ӽһţǺ棬ô򵥿֪жԶǲ̫ˣ
һᣬӽֱۣ۵֪˵Ӫʵľ롣
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253 ѧӦ
ӽôһ˵΢ǰγԹպȵΪֹ
Եúףֱȹո߰ͷƺ㡣
еξǰʶĶˣģͶӽ
ӽЦЦǰһȥȻԹյûϵ⡣ڳ˲֮⣬ȷʵӰ졣
ӽôһ˵ֳȫĽ㣬˶ע˵ʲô
ָֻԹյڿһأڵľǵĲͬͬʮȽܴԶ̣ǲǣ
վٴεʵ󣬲֪ۡӽһ˵΢΢еԾѵ߹ҲŹڣ
Ҳûͷشǵġ
ΣװҩĶ٣ҲӰڵŵԶڵķ䣬ǻҩԽԽãҪȲľװʵĻҩҲǣӽʵ
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⻰˹Уǰõ߹پλԼҪŬĻǲҲأ
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յ̬ŵúܵͣ̬Ⱥܺã΢еӽеӡ
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ͬʱҲʶ֮ǰ˵ѧӦõʵԣھ·ѾõЧ֤Ժȫʱᶨ˾ġ
ʵϰ壬ͬӽķɻ˵ĹӶּڣѡɿʿǰȥɻ˵ѧͽѧϰھ顣


254 ׸˾
˵ӽ˯ܽʱڽеĻΪǡ
췽̰ԼȥŵĻгʵ۵ȫΣָվⷴһѾⲻ
ĻԷ棬Ӻô᷸ء
ôʣҪһأǮ⡣ˮࡢƲŸ𲽡еˮ໹Ҫھ·ֻܲһǮ
ŸʵɹʵҤĲƲƷСȼͲҤú󣬲ʱܳ׬Ǯ
ɲʲô׬ǮأӽźĲƷʲôȽϹ
ȻĴԽ˵ڹŴӽҲȷϣͰѹ˰ٴ˽һ澵ӣõͭҪٱֿĺܴܴǮ
˰ٴؿڱеӽӽ˵־ӣе㲻ŵػشд־ӣΪۡ
ӽһ˷ܣù˰ٴīźǰдһţ˰ٴɫѾˣһ˰͸尲Ա˵鲣ӡ
˰ٴеţӽôһ˵оԭȻһ±óԾʵү־ӣǾӵ֮
ӽͷش𣺡һŷܻȱһЩԭϣֻǵˮѣԲҪǰ˵ȥ顣
˰ٴȻӽ֪µҪԣҪǳɹˣĲƸӽ½үҪرܡ
ӽһҲеûٲ½˰ٴ
֪ǣŷ޵ĲǼ˱ܵģӵĹר͵һСϣɾӽб
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׸˾Ҳڴٵļ˺еȸӣƤ𪣬ɫһһ֮ǿ
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˼ӵܶԼҳ˿ΪԺΪŮԣܹۺӣѾǵˣڼʮļȴأγһĶԱȡΪǰ׸˾Ĺü࿴Եʡ
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΢Ĭһ£Ϊ˾ϵʦ׸˾ĴǲСġΪ˸ԼΪ˸ЩȥһҲþʵرҾǧˣʱʮգʵǧһʮˡ
ӽһ㣬پʮˣＱоپʮˣŰٷ֮Ĳ˲𣡡
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ӽһ㶣˵ӣپʮȥˣ
Ѿ֪񲹳ܱ֮öѵˣʣ֮˽;ˮʡ
ӽڣЦӣ֪ġ·ô࣬ɼ·֮
һҲܷӦ׸˾ļɷǳãԮٵﾩʦûйߡ
֪ǣʷϣ׸˾һپʮ˶ѣΪĳ֣ǰõʵ۵ӣʥ˸·ʧȻ͸ˡ
ӽĬˣʱȻʶÿһ֧ԺյĲӱ󣬶䣬оһ°
һ䳡еأ˵¡
ûʱӽֺȻʵˣ׸˾Ӫضźô


255 ô
˲ɵ÷ۣϷֲһ˯Ͱźˣ˵£ƻ˶ˡ
Ϸ缸֮ǰѰźӪˣҪŰţܱϷЦ˵ӽ
ӽˣǺһЦܱǴҽңôܻ˵ϵһֱġ
λͷĿһԻһ°оڵմӵͳ˳ر˳űһ°׸˾ǵǺ˵㡣
ӽ׸˾ӡ˸ı䣬ܻһȽϺô򽻵ˡ
ڲٺӽϻ˵нҪȰźЪϢõӪأضۣǶȥЪϢɡ
ʵ͹֧ӣǸмʶƵ
ȥЪϢ׼ǡûӽ˵ˣȵȣҺһȥҪȥѾõİ׸˾
һͶ˵Ƕȥ˼Ҵıܱôñ
ϡϡشӦһŭ˵Ҳ𲻷Ϊ˼һŮǾͲ˼ͷ̡ƾܱɢҲļԮʦģôģĻͲҪϷ˵˰ɣ
ڽҺͷŭڶ죬ûһ
ӽžе㽩ڵˣ㲻ȥô
ϷҪд°ܱĺϢϣͲȥˡҡҡͷشӽҲǿ𣬳ȥ׸˾ˡ
ǧ׸˾ӪǰжӣУߡôĵվţƾ紵ţûһ˶
֧װصǱ䶼ټףð׸˳ǹ޻ٹʺɽսĳ֮սǺͽͳϴֻǿϧͳӳǹֲ²Ļڣձˡ
ӽϿ֧ӣпǧоĶǾ񰡣Щʿɫ֪ˡȻһƣ֮ɫȴܱһ
ĽǿﶼĽԼļҶûôõļɣûǹɾ֮
ӽûоÿһߣӪȥЪϢ
Ӫغ󣬷ָþ߶׼ȫȫ䱸ڸӪСǴδйģԳʵ۸Ǹж¡
׸˾һӪغץʱϢоյƣ
ʱõϢĳʵ۴Ϊˣּ׸˾첢ʿ
ϢʦΪ֮䶯ǿ书պյŮˣӵؾĴȥԹۡ
ѾõԸǵһŭȵ˶δʱ̣ſʼǡ
߳Ӫ֮󣬳ǰʹ֮⣬Χȫǰ׸˾ˡ
΢ǰУһ㣬Ȼ˵ĸףŶǰ׸˾кøУϾᣬ᲻ԱİָֻţϲֳǰĽ֣
ûϻشӵĻֻǰʹߡһʱ񿪿ˣе˴ңͱһǵôô
ǵáɫǻ¹پЦӦУĸ͹ȥȸ׵Ȼתָһ״¸׺ԩ
ԣֳҵȵ⣬ҲСġǴǱΪҲ岮֮£δ֪ϸ֮ǰַ֮ġ̵ԼĶӵ
ǣĸס
ʷϣնǱӣ¾ս׳ѳ
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ʦİ˴ߣҿǱ˾ıά򣬷ȻҪµƵɡ
һ˵ҪǱ˾ıά򣬶һķ⽮˷ʸֻܱѣһһŮŮʱҫҲǸ漣ˡ
ǵİ׸˾µͨʿ䣬ͦأĪһ죬ǽ׹֮ʱͶ߶ıǮõĳݡ
źһǰĻݣ˵ŽȰŵʹ͡
ʵҹΣڰˣǸˡΪ˵ɢҲƴչǧݣ֮ǰ̰һзֵĴΪһȽϣܿɹ
ˣʵ۽ӼһҺ󣬲ϧ֮ʣΣʾҫ
ĩˣʵ۸̾ҳҪǶһЩ䣬ǻݵý²ţҲΪôͷʹҪʦٶټЩС
ʵ۵˼˵ԼҲʦټġԼûкʲôӵοǾټԼ
Ҫ֪ټ˳£ټҪεġҲˣټԾټ˸ж¡
Ԭοɸ֮ĹϵϵԬοɸԸԼľ֡
˭Լжǣʳʵ۵£ʳҲλʦټô
ʵЦŵ˵ͷȥʦ֮ǰ޾ټһЩˣоͰ䡣޵ʱܺһλŮܵʦأ޼ʶ˴Ůķɡ
һֲϴλϻԵ޹ʵټԼԭʦټԼ
̲סʵ£֪λʦǺҲ
ʵۿһڴ飬Ц˵ӦѼλʦˡ
һ룬ܷϵûζټӵˣǸӽһ³ԺС
ѵǸ˺ŷҲ뵽ӽûܻ֮ǰΪӵܣûסʧҲ̫ˡ


256 ׸˷
ǡʵ۶ŷǵʧ񲢲⣬ͷ˵
ţֶúϢ죬ڼеĴսкúñ֡
һʱ׿ӽټһ¸ǵ𺳣ڻǰһ´ʺ󣬲ŴǱʵۻسӪء
·ϵʱ̲סĸ׵˺Ǽдˡ
ûлͷֻ΢΢ͷ˽ȥ̽λ˺ٱ֪
䱻˺ټûأΪЧӽΪΡ
Ӫûãֶʱ봳Ӫʡ
ĸףѲ̽ˡ˷ܵ
һ㣬Ȼ׹æʵ˺
ǡͷ
ٵһӣԶ˵
ҲܹģԼλõܣ׼ô˵
ͰԼ̽һһ˵ĸ˵˺óʱ䡣
ӽ¼֮Уעӽ˵ȥԮ裬һնɱǧӵ¡
ϲ˵֮ܽĸףû뵽˺ôװ۵һˣȻսɳ
¶΢ЦȴѵŶӵ˺ģ񡣡
뱻ĸѵҲΪ⣬ǺЦסˡ
񿴿ԼĶӣֶֿȻ˵Ҳ˺ƷͷӦֵĽύлͶ׽׽
˺˽õıڳеõǿԮܴǸֵõġ
ǰĸףҲ˺ھдˡΪ˺ɣгһѡĻʿԸ˺ȥ븽͵
ӽоΪȲ˵Ļƴ˳ȥԽԽףհӽ˾ˡһ㶼ûӽ䡰ҲĻ
У˺ع֮󣬱ص֮֮ǰж˺֮ͷԸ
ĸ׷ģٲΪ˺ϸƤеĽʿ˭ģӽʶ˸ı䣬ҵĶ̬һٰʮȵĴת䡣
ĸģֶҲύǵġ֪˺ǵҪԣվش
ã⾩ʦ֮սȻˣһҪٴδǰ׸˾硣öϢһգտʼָѵӦûվҪսˡ
һ˵ʱش
ļ죬ɳҹԴԴϵؽӪţѸصϢܵӽҲһڴ飬һѧϰӦԴʩ
һ죬ڷеľ֮󣬶ӽ˵Ϸ򿴰׸˾ʿѾָˣڽ²ʱˡ
ð͸ðǸϳȥˡһ죬ͶһǮϰվͶһĿѡӽҲͷͬ
ʮ򣬶²ŰǧǸͶȥĺ鲿ӡζӮľ档
Ͽǧ²ǵıǴ̵֡ߣʿû⣬֮ϣԼط֮ʼһ⡣
²õһķںʱ̽ıһȻȫ֮طĽֻҪһ֮ûסȥ֧ԮܡγȫɢԶڼӵĽ²׷ɱ
ԣͽ²֮ľսò˫һۺءҲϳıڷҾ飬˰պ󣬲ž轨²һ
ҲΪˣӵڲ¶Ŀս
²󣬼ӽû˵İΣǻģˣϷĽӺڴ֮󣬻ǰмɡ
ӽһ㶣Լں棬Ǻ׵ɡʵǵԼôˣʲô
ŶڵǼͶں棬ðɣ
ûʲôòõģֲǼ飬ֻҪþӾͳɣϷǰͷ̣Ҫ˸ܵģͰͳͳʰˣҪ¡ڻǲԸӽǰȥðգͷɡ
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֮ʱڴľ۽
ľͱǰöˣͨϣоѾоʡ
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ڿڽ˵֮أΪ²ŰҾھʦ£֮սѽ²ϳ⣬ĳ֮ܣҲλ֮ܡûϷگǳӵܡΪϷǣҪӺã
оֻڵߵĽ˵õͷûҲñֳ
ȻһŮ𣺡뱾ĩԸΪȷ档
һܱս˵ʱ¬Ҳվ¹ΪȷʣɳսŮӳǰ
һ˺ȷ棬ۿȥȴȵط˵˸ߴ࣬ӱһͷȴһĹ·ɵе⵽·ɡ
һȷ棬Ҫʾ£ԵԼ̫ˡѾ˳ͷҪѡȷ棬ҲǰѡġˣҲʼ˵Ҫȷ棬ûһ˵ĺܴڵע⣬ֻǱ̬һ¶ѡ
Ȼ׺Щʲôд㣬˵սÿ˶ó˭ҪϺȻˣʲôۣһվš


257 
˵ӽʾӽԡ
ӽɤӣȻ쳣˵ֹȷʲôλãҪɺʲô̣ǾҪ̴ˣǼҲҪѼĹã˭ְأڣͶøˡô룬ôɵģǻ£
ӽһ˳ϣ˵ͦأû˵ߵ׻ȴףӽҪǸʲôԼʲôû˵ĴʩȴһĿռ䡣
ѻ֪ԸԼûãǰӵĻڣܻȫ濼ӰȴȽɣȽϳ嶯ȽѪ˵ᵱͰɰˡ
ˣӽһ˵꣬ǶʾԼ顣
ӽҲмı̬ģ˹ȡʥּʵ۽ּ⣬Ȼʾڣˡ
·ͬʱ񻯡ǨƽǰǣΪݡĿý²޷ɴսɢ޵ı
ɹͰ׸˾ΪΪԺĴڹΪս԰ΧΪʵִһǸһһսǰԤĿꡣ
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¬ʵǿɱеģô˵Ҳеģ²žʱѵҰ²ĻʤͲ˵ˡ
ԼǰľսҪʼˣܲɶҲɣҪһ
ڷ·֪˼ڵ㲿սʱΪֱ£ִ֮¡
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ĩڡųУվ¬Աߡ
㲿˸ãͬоְ֮
û˿ԥȭ𸴣ĩ
ڵָ֧ӵľʿӣĿĵġ֧ӣȻһ֧׳һֱ˾飬Ҫ˵ӽǲ˽ִоǾֻ֧ʵġ
ڷϺǻӪ׼һ翪Ρ
صԼӪغټ½쿪»飬ѿսϢȥ
һλսȻ䵽ԼҰ׸˾ϣǻϲд˧ĩԸΪȷ棬Ϊ·
ξϽʽϣһɲ׼˽ơΪıӣҲòԼĸΪ˧
ԼĶͣھСС֮ƣǺʵȷѡ
еᣬڸʿ䱸˺֮ãһ˺ദʽĻᡣӲȥĻͰװ˷һᡣ
Լְֶλ̫ߣپʿȥ˺µôĻֺ˺ζ̫ˣҲķ
ĸ׿Լһֱ˵еֻ֣ٳ˧
ӪڵҲƽһ΢΢е죬ûбֳ
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Ҳǿǵӵͣʤ֮нҵȽףԲԥ˵Ļ
ڶӼ⣬ԭԥľ͸ҡˣǳѡ
׹ĸ룬ѡͨѡΣɵġֲĻǾֻһˡ
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ŷҲǺһӵˣƽŮװɱУҡԼҪں󷽣ҲǺ⡣
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Ҫһǣ˺ΪΣѾ̽һƽϵСˡ
ԼֻҪ׽˺˼Ҳǹˡ
ǣָƽʱĹϣһǰ
ŷе㲻ģɷһȡ»ᣬ˵ˣؼǵãһԼΪΥ
˼öϱһģÿ˭Ϳ˭˭ӶҪʲô飬Ҫվڼߡ
ŷǿŵľѶ£ֻεؽˡ
ڶһ磬ʦӪͿʼˣһĿΣͬս
ӽʱооڵߣ߱ߺ졣ǵǰ棬ǱιǵɱﵣӶӪ¬İ˰׳Լŷǵٰ׸˾ƺƵ뾩ʦȥ
ʦĳ֮رգֻʱʱֻῪһţճ֮á
һȫʦ˶֪֮صľսҪʼˡֵ֮̿˷֮ܵǵҲ֮ʵۣµӪȫŴܿ顣
Ȼ֮գޱʤ̣֮İ飬⾩֮ս׻ʲôûظ֤


258 ս
ӪǧٶĺĴڣǧΪأ˴оٶȡһ߲˶·̣͵˰ҪӪկ
ӽߣѧϰо֮ҲǺ˽һӽԼѧн̵
ϣڴ˵ľֺ֮ӽ̸˱¡ʱظӽ⣬ôġ
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վӣӽôһ˵Ȼʵʲô⣬˵ǡ
ˣıϲ˵Ҫʹôδ̣ûĳӪ⳵ӪĻокα仯أӽʵ
ڱ˵ݣһֱʺϵµľ飬Ժ˵ѧһѧˣô˻ᣬ˽Щݡ
ڵͷ˵Ӫƫᳵ׼ӭ泵سɣµĴûС
ЩɸصĽƴնɣʱûдӪ
ǰϷľƣоӪͬˣϷﻹһݾӱ䱸ᣬûи㡣
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ӽˣ˵ףĻ޵оӣԲô׵ġ
ͬʱҲӽַһԭȻǰҲ뵽ûʱӽӰ̡
ʱѾɵȱʱװһ֧ӵĳɱĩʱҪ͡
Ϊĩʱ򣬸պȱʱڣܵеսصкܴĻҪʹ
κһ֧ӣ䱸ȱôһѼҶʿҲȻҪӡΪһ֧ͬʱ䱸ʹûʹĲͬʿҪһʿʹûͬʱҲѵ
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ӽԽԽϧ̫źˡ
ڼӽǱļҳֽ˺þöһɫòɵøее֣֪˺ֽϿʲôˡ
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ڵɤǱȽϴģиƣֻһξͰӽˣڶΡ
ӽ΢еΣˡ£ڵˣɶ֮ʱûаӸô
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ӽЦЦʳһ⣺ҪԺ̣Ϊ򲻿أ
ʲôĪϷ򣬴ܽһӽĹۣŵط
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֮üͷʵ˵ӵйԻȡǮô֮٣
ӽһܾǮ֮Ĵ֮ˣַ̬ȣǾ͸˵ڳ֮ϵĹˡ
ϻ˸˵˵˵ﻰӵйػȡǮƣǽ²顣ԽԽǮԽԽǿ󣬲ӦѧġӦôǣķڷȻдʦسԺԵĽ㶫һϴȽϺãǰɣ
ӽ˵Ƿôһ˵Ҳеģ²Щӽ˵ģԽԽ׳
˵òִӸ˵ѬգΪ֮١
ʵҲ֪ԭľҲкܶʱ򣬻ݱӣԻʿӮսᱻٳϵϿɶżߵղк³
ӽڳĬ֪һʱԽᷨͻ˸˵ˣҲ˵黰ֻǾ¶ѣǲǣ
ڿӽϵ۾ͷӽĸԣôʱദ˽ġ
Ҵһս棬Ȩ档Ӯ֮󣬻úܶǮƣָٹٺͻʵۣôǻ᲻ܸˣٸһݣôǲǾͻ֧սˣӽʵ
ûҡͷֻǿӽ
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259 ݽ²
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Ҳظ֮ˣһ󣬶ӽ˵ʦ֮е޲ɡ
ӽһһƣЦ˵ǰжԪȴҪװ߶ֻҪ˵Ǽʧⲻô
˵֮󣬿ڵеڣ֪Լȷ˵Ĺˣ͸ĿڵԺ̣Ҫת䣬ûãкôʵڵġֻҪȥңҵսɣҵòɡҪôһ̣ԼĹΪ
ڻһ˵
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⻰ǷĹ۵㣬͵ͷ
ӽзӦˣͽ˵֮ǰ˵ЩЩĻϲ֮ϣй׳ԼֶΪء
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ũսķǸʵۿʵкô佫кôۺʹ󲿷ȨĹ޶ôײİҲûкôһ㶼ᷴԡ
ʱʱڣΪʱҵҵݻΪȡԴսķʱҺ͹Ҷ棬սŴĳã׬öࡣ
ӽɽ齨ӳɱ뵽һ㣬Ǹı˵սǶл棬úսںҪеս
һ㣬ϻ˳ĳɹ֪ݲϡ棬Ϊʵˡ
ս棬ںܳһʱڣ棬Ҫı˵ĹǾô̺ҪȻ£һ·Ҫߡ
ҹ£տʼ߼գֱѹڽ²ռǳضȥѹ
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ǰʱ俪ʼҹջʼƵľ̩ое㲻ԡ˷ɱƽİȴþݳǶصʽ
²ļɱöˣľ̩˽жݳڲ
ЩҹԽԽ࣬ԽԽ޼ɵľ̩ԽԽԲԴʼûĿֻ֪Ȱ
ԭ֪ͬرȫԴӻ̫󣬾һֱֲ̿Ϊ˱Ƚ²˽ĸ࣬Ҳûн²ôţΪƾŹڵİǧһЩͶֵܵסľٹ
ȫڳͷ۲飬֮̿һնһա֪Լûлͷ·ģе޵ʵ۵˵㣬ɱͬͶС
֪һջݣһձȻ̫Զ
ҹյĻ̶ȣһ಻סˡ
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ľ̩뷨ҲԼһҲ̲סˣһ˷ɱƽǵԤУҪˡһ棬ɳ̽ʼҹգʦ̽顣
Σ²̽ǵľʵǺǿġǰʮ²ڹڵʱǸоΣУ˶ȽɳڡҲǸܵѹ׷׻ָ˸սڵıºöһҹջǵĶ֡
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²ǰʱǰ棬ľ̩ǰһǰ˻ȥ¶˽²ǰ
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嵽֮ǰһ·ңӪսӦǶսһ죬ķõľ̩һǰӭеĲ費ϰ
ھ֮ʱֻӪгƷͷֱ佨²Ӷ
˷ľٶľ̩æֹͣʼת䣬ԼҲͣ۲顣
Ӫ֧ÿһ֧ԼߵҪֱ࣬šΡܡ֧죬ٶԽԽ죬һֱǰֱԼ
ľ̩ǰȻͬӦԲԣʼӣⳬʶ
֪Ϊʲôһɿ־ĵ𣬷·ǿȺڴǾŵɢܣһֻһٵʱȴЩȺе򲢲ܣǶͷϵǣǳ˹һֻǣȺ巴ʱôùһȺأ
ľ̩Ͻܵʱ鵽Ĳ£һ¶Իȴִп־飬ϣȫܡ
ںӽһͲԶԶս֡
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ҧϽ²Ǿгİ׸˾ǰľһԱ½ʹһ˰׸ǹ²ļ֮׷ĩβĽ²
ǽ²ֵ֮ʱԱ½һǹ˺󱳣˳һ²ͱȥˡԱ½Ͳٹܵһ²˵ڶ²
һСȻ˵áӽһ߿Զսһ߳̾
Ҳǲһ߿һ˵ָʹϾǷԮ֮дҲ֡
ۣܽҲѾɵ²ˡӽʱ־ΪеӢ֮һگкá
һӽСһ˵û꣬ͲٺͣԸ濴սοǣսȫһߵ²һʼתˣȥֻ׷ɱѡ
²ɱڶʱǰ治ǰıԣоһ
ڵĴǰһһʿֻмܴıʱеıɻǷȱʵǾԲġ
ӽҲǺʷʱÿοһ²ܣͺ޲ðѴͷܵɱˡ
׼ɱʱڰʾҪ֡
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ڷһƢоĺοɸ١گ뾺սǾ֧һľ档
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262 ѪծѪ
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ҰսݳǶҲǰ취ξЯĴǰǣԼصĳǳû֮ƥеĻڴڣֻܰ򣬶֡
ţȻû̫ҪڹһŶӵ飬Ͳס
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С˸ϽʰϸлʢԸ
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Ľ͵Ѵˣ˳ǲأߣб䡣
ˣԭҲסĹҪˡе㲻ףǰ˵ôھܴôʿҪأ
Ȼû⵽ʲôԭ򣬵֪һ㣬Ǵ˵زɾܲϲߡ
ĸĸʰô졣ģʢһ׸
ǳӣͺԥͬˣֻѰֻܴĸٶʰϸֵֻǮģٶԽԽá
תѷŹ֮󣬰͹ɵѣȸ·
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֪һǲԼ˴ģǧﻤͣԼڵĻ˵ʲô鷢
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ںװŮˣɲýӣΪŮǵүҪЩү汻ɱҲû˻ǡ
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çľͷĿ֮һӲǺ˻̫֮⣬δ֡
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˵ӽҲʱ䣬ڶһ磬δΣʹһǧˡ
˵һǧкܶ˲ɣƥֻǴ߶ѡ
Ҫ˿֧飬϶ЦΪ¬İ˰׳ͳһΡͳһľӪУǺܺϣһ֪Ǿӵġһ˾Ӫֻ˻ࡣ
ٰ׸˾Ǿټףֳֳǹֱϣŷǲν
ӽߣ¬ӦԪţһ˵һ߸·Ҳ
ֻߵ棬ӽӰϡ٣ϼһˣͳˡ
һ׶Ӧĵط֮һڸ˿һ·ˣӰûҲ̫ˡ
ⷴıӽ֪϶ǽ²
ӽò׿ԶһׯȥЪϢߡ
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ôһӽһжǸвõʶǴһ١
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Ҵﵽ˹ǺˡССӽפڴڣȥ鿴ǷлˣռĹǺһŵˡ
˵鶼ܳأ໥֮ûһ˵ֻĬĬ˺Ը顣
ӽռڵĹǺԽԽ࣬ѳһСɽͱ÷ŭ
·𿴵æţŮڼջСڴڵˣɹ̫졣ȻûԵĽ²˽˾ɱ˾Ϳδ˻һѻ𣬰һ˼˵
δһˡѵĴѾռˡ¬ѴӴѲһȦӽ
һǧһ˾Χڴӿڣؿʬɽ
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ѪծѪ¬ӦԪŭȻΧ˶һӽرǰ˰׳춯ء
ǵĴӣҲλڽ²ŰĵطҲ˽²ĵ֣Ϥ׻ǰ³һɱ֮Ա
ŷǺٰ׸˾ûиӽֻǾվһ࣬ĬĬؿһС
˵ûͬģѼԵ˵ĸ𣬲úںţֻ֮ж


263 ڲ
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£վŵڣųͷϵؾź۾ȴΪ˽²߹ΪпȰ


264 ݹ⸴
ȰĽʧˣʹ߱رȫһ˻ȻǾܾͶ
ڼݳ̣Ҳ໰ڽӪڹǡ
Ӷ칱յ󣬿ʼԾ롣ڼæµֱĴڵ̣ȻһȻֱӸ߹ǰʮɡ
պĽ˱ݵĲʽ֪Ǹڣ̣ȴơεȥڱأŵȴ̺ȥ̡ϾǺģӦú˵㡣
óͷϵؾڲúĴڣѡغһŵĺĴһְڿǰ಼˰׸˾ؾܲȡϮж
ͷϵؾؿųݲȵزûڣȴֺް취
Ƿ·𿴵ڰ޳ЦԼȴֶã־ǵĵ׿ʼӿͷ
ȫسǱҪӣһԸԼǰȥֵǷĺˣڵֲǲ֪һھըһţЩڶпõģĺˣֵǡ
ȫĸһһĺòٵıָЩġϾ֮ġ
ûע⵽ȫԼȴĵת˵طڿڶŵǶγǽԶԶġ
ЦǲĴڵĿˣڴͲԶˡҪ챣˵ĻҲըţסݣ⼸ʵڲߡ
һһȥԤӣ׼ںȱڡ
ڵõڵķ󣬹ջصӪڣڡ
һֱҪԼҪúñ֣ǻ·һЩͼڻЧء
ֻ䡱֮һʵ˲ݳǽ
Լʮ֮һڵûгǽгͷֱҵóͷϳŲҽǽͷһǡ
ڵʼݵĳǽ죬ȱڡݱϾǴǡسǣʵǿסĴڵĺ
ųǽȱﰵ̾£Ժ϶ǻ¡Լ֧ӻձʹ֧һʱȴҲòˣǲǸ취Ȼһֻأ
һԼǿΪٵ˵¬ʵʱ˻Ժ˭أ
عݳǣԭ֪ͬڼݻԷٶԭرȫ䲿ɱͶ
̩ɽҲںë棬̰ɱͬţͶģԼڵ¡ϣλԴΪ䣬ߴ˶֮·ڲûнݳǣڳоʺѵ
ĩǣش
հݣһƽ

˵ӽһУߵ·ϣϵķֱ²ɱĴӡ
ЩӵһͬǺ޻ûˣѼ֮ﶼûݲǱ٣Ǳһգ̨ϵĹûŹ
ӽ߹һӣͻһӵʬ
ѾˣЩʬ¶Ұܻߣ㲻Ժӽ֪Ҳϵ
ڽ֮ʱ˹ٵһɽű紦Ӫկ׼ЪϢһٳ
˵鶼ܲãԸĬĬԼ飬ûһ˷
Ȼȷֲԣ𶯣ȻԽԽ죬Ǵ
Һǻûջɽű紦ڵĴ·ɽš
ڷ֮ǰӽΣ׼սȻżɽһ࣬ںڰп·
֧ҹоٶȱȽϿ죬Żǰ·
¬ӽ࣬ӽ˵ǽ²ӴǧˡܶԸġ
ӽû¬ôһ˵ͻعͷ
¬ӽת˼ǲΪʲôô˵ǣ͵͵·ûĸҹŻǧо⣬֧ǹڵɱȡ
ӽ¬˵еٴδƥҪ䷢
ߵýˣȻǽ²һڻѵҫ£ͷ·
Һý²Ϥ·ҹоֻŹٵоΪŸ·ûзɽһһ֧Ĵڡ
һֱ֧²ԽɽţԶȥ˲һ
Ȼ޲ô޹ȥĴ񱨳𣬵ҰԼһĽ²ȥɱˣвı֡
ŷǺȻ˵Щ²ǴȥΪ˴æҪҹ·
ŷǺӽһߵĵβϤдһʡ
ӦԪͨʿϤ֮أ΢˼£شŷǵЩ²פ񻯵ģӣҪƽ
¬ҲǱȽϤ֮صˣӦԪĽͣȴеɻʵһ߹ĻǷôӸٵ߻һ㣿
˱·ɣӽȻһ͡
пܱ·ȥǨض񻯻ƽ·²Ƶˡ¬ֻôˡ
ƹɽȥ߿ӽ˵
ӽĽͣ·оӦûīǼӿٶȡ
ڸԭֻеȼ˱·֪ˡ
ǣӽ˻صӪأ𣬾ŸȶԸһ
һӽˣԼϴλ˵ҪһЩɿɣ߽ɵ¶ˡ
Ͱ뷨ڳļ˵ˣǼǵԼؾʦȥ顣
¬һߴӦһĸк棬֪˺֪Щɶ
һҹ£һ磬Ǿ·
ߵĳһضεʱǲ֪Ҳм˫۾ڿ֧о
һӽ֮ʧе˺


265 ˺
Աһֻ֣ץס˵֮˵ļòǺĺʵʲô˺ĺô
ԣͷ˵ľ˺ĺļԱһںش
Żش˰ױͷĿçľ⣬ں˸ſ׼˵죬Ȼݺݵصһ¡
çľõ𸴣ɿץں֣Цһ£Ȼתһµٻƽү棬˵طһһ֧ǧ˾ӣ뱴үǡ
ǡת׼
ȵȡںȻס
סתɻؿȻֿͷçľ
çľҲһɻ󣬶ں⺺ʲô£
ںڽ²Щ˵ĿͷѾϰΪΪ⣬Ц͵֧ӣ˵ƽԶ汴˹׷ɱĻܵûӰˡ
çľںôһ˵ҲŹ߹٣ںʲô취ɱ٣
ЩӶȽϴ˵ûʲô⣬çľڴŵȴںĻظ
ں˼һ£Ȼ̧ͷçľ˵߱Ͼ֧ӣöԸүǵǻͲรһҰȫʢҪ֦ڣӰ˲รİΣǿǳܲүŭİ
çľ˾ԥŹ߹ܻӰรӶŭүŹ߹ٵĻֲġ
ղȴ𻰵Ǹüͷֿӽ֧ӣȻˣ
ںһݺݵصһۣ˵ɵһȻװŵ˵ͷⲻӰรİΣ
çľһֱһƿںǸ˵
ǺͷǣǣǡȻ˵뷨֧ȥ򣬿϶ͨ·ԶǴխٵֻҪѡγտǴɽϣ˵ȿٻͲร뿪֮ʱ֮ŻɱǺǡ
֮ô뿪ںçľ̵
ͷ֧Щ׳ӣ֪ǺֻܾͨҪǿ뿪ǱȻ׷ϲϡ
⺺ôһ˵˶׿ֹ֧Ȼ˵
çľɴϲãܲߡ˵ͷһԶȥ
˷׷׸ϣ˼󣬼鷢ǵͷںûиϣվǣͻͷ
ںǶԼֻԼƥǸ˵ʱݺݵ˵˾䣺졣Ȼȥ
һں¾˵֮ʱЦ˵ͷǰָŮ˿Сıͷϡ
˵ĺе֣̿ˣҲãο˭أ
²ͺ׷ڸ·⳵ӾǰĲรһҵġǰһŰĸŮһǰѹ̰Ĳɶʮһ²ʮ黤ͻʢ
çľսǰͷһֵ֧Ӳͬ·
Աձñסͷİ˿˼лӡ
ͷĿǾһĺļūžΪɱ˴ⲡ
ūô죿һεεһ˿̿֡
ҪǷˣ·Ҫ򡭡һҲȰçľһ²һ£û˵꣬ͼçľŭĿԼŵðѺĻ˻ȥ
ڽ²ñȹ硣ҪҪɱԼ⣬û˻ܡǰϺȥˣ̫λΪ֮ȻǴ͵ȵѡ
Ϊ˰еıҪˣЩױпܡܳ׶Σ̧Ҫлˣٰٱؾǡ
꾫֮⣬ڰˣͲɫˡҪǸҵűһ٣çľһ㲻⡣
˰֮󣬶Գ˵õģи·ӿٶȱɡūѡ·ȥǺٸϳӡ
ڣ׷Ůֹçľðա
΢΢ԼĸҡҡͷȻض˵ҲҪСĵ㰡Լ
̰֮һ̵ɫֻҪԴסȨǸôٲˡ
һ㣬ᣬ󣬸ƻ
ҪϲβУе㲻֪㣬ȴֲұ¶ڼçľǿ׳ӣɵˮ
ԭһçľ˼˼
ĻçľøģçľǴպİͼ³ֻݣֻҪɱǸļҵͻ֮ϡ
çľǸˣһ룬ǳԽݣҲҪԼȥɱӽԭ
Ļһ˻ƽţһ˸֧;¼ǺţǺء
çľ˵֮󣬾Ͳٵ飬ѡ߳£ںҲѡײߵǸ£һʮˣη
ųԼӿٶԶȥçľһкײߵǸ·Ƶӵǰ·ȥҺʵطз
˵ɲɵأҵһʺϷĵطٵȴڹ̷Χ֮ڣױ֡
طҪ䲻ýз֣ܵرһ볬ݵçľҪóԸ
Щ˷֮󣬾ӽ
ӽһиͲ֪ǰһ壬ú˵ȥ
߱ߺ¬飬ΣԽԽ


266 
ӽû»֪ƽϰȴ˴֡
賿ʱ֣񻯡ǨĽ²ϵƽͷĿȫհȵָʾһƽ֮ǰ֪ű
ЩͷĿϵŴʱѾвٽ²ͷĿˡ
λߵ˶һ˶ѵ룬תĽ²ͷӣ˶հ
һ˶оʾֶԸΪȷ棬ǰһս
ųذ֮䴫һ仰˵򲻿ɵСȻƽֻǧİٶѣ˶о㹻ʵܺκһ֧ȥƴߵ͡
սϣİһᣬһս
Ҫ֪صľǾΪ֮ӣҲǿžյλá
û뵽һڣʧˣ˵ȣ׼ʢ
ʲôΪʲô˶һʣǲǱŮ˵ĶƤĥģӶСˣӡ
ؿԼֶ˵˵һ仰˵úã֮࣬˰˯ռݾ֮أʵ۵ƤפĻʵۣǵĽ졢ʿ䣬ڱصáǺͺƴһһƴùôкԮô
˶еսһ±˴룬е㲻ģ֧˵󺹣סڡ
û˵꣬ͱˣʲô󺹣鲻һ˵㡣Ҳǹ֮ˣ˵˲㡣
Ȼֶŵڽ˵ǲֻܿȥľƽǡݣƽԶЩ˿Ǵߣᱻ׷ϣЩû⡣ˣҾǸȫǣǣòߵҲ
ڽԭ԰еִ˴պһôǻвġ
Ƕ֪֮أöһˡֻƽУǻ̫ҪΪ˵壬Բû
ﱾƽĸڣǸǳ˿࣬Ҳԣĵط̺ŵĲƸǲ
ˣûһԮ˶Уȫϲص׼תȥʱֱסˣסֻһʱ䡣˰͵óˡ
עʱ䣬˶мˣҲټ֣ϽԼӪء
ֵĲƶֵ࣬ļʣµģҶЩͷĿñʱٶȣգۼ˸⣬ֻһ
һᣬҲǰĴӪϾͻҳһƬȻһƬ棬ĵط
ƽԭͶ²ĽܿͱϣȻǿ²ɫƣȴǵ֮£һս²ӵķԸø͸
ȵȫֿȭվںʱ֯ɱͿʼˡ
Щؾ֮ǰסƽЩ²ƽĻϲΪյ֮ͬʱȴû뵽Щգۼͷˣֱӿɱǡ
Щû˹ӵĽǰʵزҽһƬֱʱǲ֪Ͳദĺ֪գαص
аؾɱزҽк󣬶ֲ̿ڼϣֻܱܹȴûҪֿ
ɱ۵Ľ²ԼĹ֮󣬾Ϳʼϴƽǡ
ǴլͲϻֱõк
ƽڣͰԺӣǸ˵ĸŴլûеסɱڵĽ²
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񻯡ǨĽ²ҹ·һҹδ˯ȴ𾢣ɱû졣
ƽǾʷҵһ죬Ϊʿհ˼ڽ²ʴ֮ϣŵ˳ӹһѣȴ˳ͷ
Աȵǣʮ·֮ĲСسǣȴȫǰһĵĵֿ£ס˽²ͷ
²ʱƽҲһģڼ飬Ҫ֣Ҳǧѡ
ڲǵһͶ²ĹԱʿ𣬻˳ܸʵ²˳İգȫһǻĿ޺óİͷ¡
Էͷ£ߵڻƽǣﻹЦЩ治£ٷŻ𣬰װһЩ
ƽĽ²£µҲ£ں
ӽߵȦ׵ĵطʱںȻŶӵãҶӺʹҪϡȥ¡
çľתͷںһۣȻ⺺鷳¶࣬һô
ںЦﲻסˣϾˡ
Ĺçľ
ںͬؿԼͷ죬ﰵΪǣҪںһ㣬һ֣ҪϿܣںҪñץǾͲˡ
ںŶӣȥӣҵطȥ״ˡ
Ľ²ͺ鶼ûٹںͷרעؿԽԽĴмӽ
ŷǰԱĹϵͬʱҲԴǣûдյӽȥٰ׸ǰͷ
Ȼʱ߿żһɽȴûзǰɽĽ²ͺ顣
ԭ²ͺ鿴ԽԽͷøֻͣ¶۾ֶӽ
˭뵽ɽϻмţȻǳĵĿ
ӦԪӽҲ࣬һԼ÷Լ˾飬һ߲ʱ̧ͷ飬żһ仰
׸߹˷λãŵİ˰׳Ҳ½ͨ
ӽλʮˣçľнӽɹϲãʾ׼
ܱѡ²Ĵ֮һİȻǲ̫
⼸־Ͷʹһ˫ľԼǿ֧˫ֶۺλã͵ӽ̡


267 ܴ
çľӽߵòˣ׼
ֻ𡱵һ˼
çľеջ˭ôָӣ֣
Ȼ͵ظеԣ
սƴɱľظоģǧһ֮ʣ͵һ
Ȼϣһ֧Ӳԭŵĵϡ
ЩͬΪˣͶվ
ôһײһƬܴӰ죬ٽ²ļˣԶһĽ²ͺ鶼ûбӰ쵽
ǡڴʱӦԪתͷ׼廰۽鵽˶ɽж
һһһð˳ɱԼ÷
Ϊϴӽ̵£ԵһӦЩɱӽ
ӦԪһд̿͡Ȼһסӽ͵س䵽Ҳ࣬ʹסӽΣա
¬ӦԪ˵һӦԪ˵д̿ͣʱһתͷȥͬʱժ˹ϵµ
ֻм֧գۼ㵽ǰֻӽλá
һ¬ۼֿ죬õһһֻؼ󲿷ּ䵽µϣĴʣļ֧ӽǰ棬嵽˵ϣûʲô˺
ӽĶۺҲͬһʱжرݵֱһݣ˵ӽϣԼס˵ڵصӽ
¬ڵ֧֮͵һ߿սಡһɽϳȥ
һʱ֮䣬ɽɽҳһƬ
ڶǰŷñȽԶٰ֮׸˾Ƶɽȥضϴ̿Ϳܵ·
ɽ˱ӽΧһȦ֮⣬˶ʼǰ¬ɽϰô̿͡
ӦԪڿ֮Уӽ
ӽͻȻ֮䱻ˤòᣬֱһ£弸Լеۡ
ʱҲ˲ˣ̧ͷɽϿȥ
ӦԪָһ˵ǻ̿ͺ⣬ţ֧ܶƫˣֻһ
ӽ˭ô󵨣ô˵´ɱԼתԹ˰ٴ˵˸ȥ
ǡ˰ٴȭӦһŷҲɽȥ
˵ɽߣçľһ֮󣬷󿴡
ȴһֻ֧ȡš
ʱļٶܣеĹ׼һѼһߡ
ĺɱˡçľѿ廵£ȡ֮ǰڶ۵ĺͷں
ڴæ֮ΪǼ˶췴ɱǡͷɱ˱Ȼں˹ȥ
²ͺ鶼ûɽֿçľںٻ˴˿һͷʺţô鷢չزˣ
çľ²ûԥֱӰεߵĺ鿳˹ȥ
Щ黹ΪᣬʸʱߵĽ²ͬͿˡ
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¬Ѿһ·̣ɽѱ䶸ƥϲȥֱµһɽϿ첽׷ȥ
ʱǸ²ͬ鷢ľףɽЩԭǽ²
ǣǲݷŹЩ̿ͣʹʮֵı£Ѹ׷ȥ
ں˼çľû׷תͷһçľתܡ
ҲͲӣַçľıӰͿ
çľ֪϶ǺԼ˲ͣÿʼŲܣûбУȴҲӳܵٶȡ
²Ϊûǣܿͳçľܵƥڣ
ȻһתͷͿʼܡҪһ㣬ҪΧˡôһ٣ҲǱĽ֡
Щ²ͷǻ˵çľΪϡ
çľȻʱ䣬ʱҲܵƥڵطˡаϲ֮£׼
ʱ˽ŲȻһ߯ı𣬰ŵûɢΪ֪ʱĸƵĺ
çľæһǰ·˹ȥȻڻ˹ȥ
ֻһδֳµ˸գƹƨɣǰ
¬ĵ⽨²ܶղűһֿƲ׼ٹʱ򣬺ȻǸ²òǺĺ˵ⲻƽǺúĵɱ
¬ԷȻֻһѹȴЩԾû֣ͣ˹ȥһǽ²涼ɱ㽲ƽ飡
çľԷܼµֱƴæһͼܿһ취
ȴ벻¬µѾ¯࣬շ硣͵һ
çľʱ¬һµɺȥ
ۡһһçľԴӣʬϵȥ
²İͼ³һ볬ԽݵçľϻŲʵ׼ط˼£ϲٶ
¬һе֣ûȥһۣçľ͵һ²ߵķ׷ȥ
ʱѾ׷ɽĴûѵˣں
Ƕںĵϸ֪׷Χס
ںϽ־ܡڰʱ򣬹˰ٴϵˡ
ںϵЩǻ˺ģæ˵Ҫ˺


268 ԭ
˺ܼģǺˣ˰ٴʵ
ںͷŹ˰ٴҺ˺оɣҪ
˰ٴɵؿе㲻šΪͻӽߣûпˡ
վ˰ٴߵüͷں۲һᣬȻ˵ǲھʦؤ˺ʩǮ
ǣǣǸؤҡн˺档ںһϳԼæϲٴǿ
˰ٴкȻһںͶʯŵ£ǲɵģ
ǣ˺ŵġںͷ
˵˵һмͶʯţֱʲôݣ˰ٴҪȷϡ
һϸ£ڶؽ²ľ顣ںɵػش
˰ٴ˵˿͵ͷãҴȥ˺ȺүȷϺٸɰ󡣡
ںͷæû⡣
ǣ۴ӱнںѺɽŵӽڴ
ʱɽҰûٷֵ顣
ӽѾϣӦԪߣӻţܰȫ
˰ٴѺһ˹˴֮䲢ûж⣬е汻Ѻʲôˡ
ںȻϵӽߵǰҲù˰ٴ˵Ծӽǰ̧ͦͷӽںݼ˺н档
ӽʶˣ˺ʶԼ˵ʲôн棬㲻ô¡
ǣ˰ٴô£
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ӽһ㶣ô־һ֣ǵ䣬Ȼֵܡ
үαŵݣδ˵˰ٴҲһ߽͵
иʲӽܾˣڼȻҵ̲סʵΪαŵķʽһһûͼķʽڶƴ֣ôأѲع
ʲôعں֪ӽɻ󣬾ͻشغүʶ֣Եһûšڶεݣһ˼˷ֱдǼ֣ƴŵݡ
ԭˣӽڽҿеɻ󣬵⣬ʵǸʲôģô֪ôཨ²Ļܣ
Ϊ²Ӧ񻯡ƽĳţ˵ūΡں˵ʱϲûжٻ֣̿ǻںޡ
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ں˵ֱӱӽľˣʲôǲǾ²۾õʣṩ鱨ķ
ںؿӽЩӦǺܻܲŶԣôᱻ˺֪أ
ӽںı֪Լ¶ˣʵںشΪ²ǽзˣôɻеڶ
ԼҲǴԽæͣҪں˵𣬾Ͳǰ˴󺺼ˡӽ治ǵôֻ࣬ǵİ˴棬Ϊ׵ľǷĲ
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ںеصͷ֪˺֪ʲôӦ֪顣
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ںϵӦԪʣͿӽ
ӽһԼӵĻȷʵǸ⣬ҪʸףͶںʵش𡣡
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˵ϸ㡣ӦԪһҪ
ǣںѷ鶼ϸ˵һ飬ر˵裬ƽ߽²⼸£˵ϸ
ںô˵һ֮˶תŻȻӦԪȴͲ³֮ͨ͢ô
ںɫƽӽ˵񾭳μ˶ʧ֪أѧȻΪԼ
Ϊʲô˺㻹δش𡣡ӦԪȻϸģʲݡ
˺ʵ׹
ȻںĻشȽޣӦԪˣںһ棬Ҳһ档
ӽţʾӽլʺ֮ӽԭӽ͢Ȼ׷ˣһ˵ܻλ
ֻ·ͻȻûȡӽ½֮ǰͱ¶ݡ
ղɽϷʲô飿ӽʵ
ںְѻͰշӽƻһ£ǰǰ˵˳
ôһ˵ʵӽľˡӽ˽⿪ںӣȻ˵нʲô飿
ӽôһʣںعˣԼ˵Ľ飬æ˵үڵĽ²ۼƽ׼ӻع⡣
ʲô׼ӣӽһһϢʷϵ֮սǵòֻ֪ʴӮ˵ġ
һ²Ҫӣȼƻѽ²ֱڹڵĿľͲܴɣ˾æںϸڡ
²Ǩˮ¹سأֻؿƽƵӪһ߾̫Զˡںش


269 ²
ӽüͷһᣬȻں²ʲôʱӣ
ΪٽͻӣҧˣӲˡں΢˻Żش
ӣʲôط·ӴʲôطӽתӦԪ
ںһһ㶣û˾Ȼ˺ĴӣѹָղŻ˺ϵԼ⡣
Ǵƽ쵽ǨˡҾƴʱմݣⱱ·Ͳ֪ںδӦԪ΢һ룬شӽ
ӽüͷøˣĿǰƣǽ²ƨɾܵ
Լֻһǧһˣеİ˰׳ֻǳѵѣҪƾԼȥסǧཨ²ѻʯ
ǵ׸ôźأӽ˰컹벻취
ȻںѵүƲ⣬ƽĽ²֮ǰܻܿǡ
ʲôǣǿмʮ˿ڵĳаӽʧ
ǵģ²ײгԣǼȻҪӣ;һõĳǳظں͵
²ıԣʵƻǴɶһ·ƻڣһӶ֤ںƲ
ʮ˴ڡӽݺݵһ䣬ȻϤεӦԪʲôĵطЩ飬Ƕڹڣ
ӦԪһᣬƾǰһǧˣûкʵĵǧµĽ²ʵǲܵ¡
ӽźҡҡͷ
ӽӦԪҡͷʾһȭԼϣѵô˲ɣ
ʱںȻڵүһطЩ²
˵ӽһæʵ
ˮ¹ء˵ѹ޷ͬʱչ󲿶ӹܶסЩӽ²ںش
ˮ¹ǶعҪؿڣѵûн²ôӦԪʵ
֮ǰطǵط϶н²أҪȶȥؼĽ²һ飬ûˮ¹ط
ںӽĴӣҵ͵ˮ¹н²أࡣֻҪ䲻жϣ
ô䲻ǰҹ賿͵أӽһæʵ
ںҡҡͷûȵǰҹ͵أƽĽ²Ѿˡˮ¹صĵκѱ͵أֻҪؿм²δ˯Գɹ
ô䲻ӽɻˡ
үǻūĲรˮ¹سءǹ֮ʱ϶нԼЩ֮׷ȥˣֻҪ·ƭؿڡֻҪŬסŲùϣȺԮϵؿھ¡ں侲˵ļƻ
ʵƻҪǺܸߵģһҪеˮ¹أϢԼ˻ᵽ
ڶٰЩ˿϶ܳԭµҲ˵ܳʮˡôҪڳŴأԮϵ֮ǰý²سţҲһѵ㡣
ƻУղѾһЩˣӻ֮󣬿϶޷ð䡣һֱû˵Ĺ˰ٴվںĲ棬Ȼķ
ںתͷۣǺһЦģЩӲߣڶ֮ǰѾǵιͶˡ
ȻĻ䣬ǰһ
ӽ̧ͷȥʱ򣬷ŷٰ׸˾ˡǺȥ׷֮ǰǣֳֵİ׸ǹż׼
ûȶã׸ӽǰŷӽȭĩ׷⣬ɱ彨²أδһˡ
ӽͷŲνˣ¬֪ģпô
ŷתָɽϵһط¬֪ǡ
ӽŷָķ򿴹ȥ¬Ȼɽϣ߸ϡ
ߣѸļҶһµһ˻һ׼
ӽջĿ⣬ĵʰһط顣
һæкӣڱһط΢һ£ʵҲǰһЩƽһʯͷݸߵͰںã˾ߣ˵ȿӰ˾顣
¬֮ӽ΢˵ǱߵѼҶȵݸ׼ӵѾһ׼С
¬ӵ׼泯ϣںϵǰͷĿçľɰľһ֪ôߵǲ˼顣
ӽӦԪߵҲ¬Լŷ˵һ飬˽˻ӽ˵ǧ²մ˹ڰյѪܾôɵӻȥԣҾںļƻճɲɹǶҪΪĴվһʲôô
¬ȥһӽĻ͡һվ³һ֣ս
֮ĩӡŷǵվȭ
йһҪ˺ĺһ·Ĳ״Ҳߡˣشӽʱᶨ˿ԥ
ӽڽȡһ⣬Ϳʼϸڡ
ȻȡںļƲߣô֧ӾҪıĿģֱˮ¹أȥұ·
Ϊڲ֪·ʲôط²ҲϾͿܣȥұ·²ĻȻʱ
·ֲܲңҪǴˮ¹֧ԮΧ²ˮ¹һ
Ľİ׸ʮһ飬·
ЩʹӽӡţҪ·Ѹռ񻯡Ӫһߣ˶²ˮ¹أôܵĻҪɱУֻҪס²ɡ
ӽдҪǱ·ļܱٸս¡
¬£һʹǰɽأҪɽص㹻ؾ֮˶ˮ¹ΪĿ꣬ưΧ²
ҪһӿٶȣɱȥپԮƽ²ӣҧβ֧ͣԮˮ¹սۡ
죬ıƻͷ飬ֱƽ͵ȥС
¬ӦԪӽȥΪǲ³ӽȥˮ¹ء


270 սǰ
ˮ¹ؾܶĿǰҪֿסǧཨ²ǽĹѶȲСǲӽȥðա
ӽǵԼİΣûнܣǵǵĺ֪ǾȥһԮͰȫô
ӽҲǻشֱӾ˵ƽպܿܽ²ǣ㲻ǣ²ҲܿܡΪȡʱ䣬ȻܱܿƽһȦȥԮèڽӽƽ²ֵĻǾӵô
ӦԪ˵˼鰴£ֹ˴ӵķԣ˵ǲӦǻǰĺ˰ɣȥˮ¹أΧЩܻҲˮ¹Ҫĵö࣬ҿϿŬԮˮ¹ءЩĹ٣ƾЩ׳ܷסǽĽ²ֵԮ治˵
ӽҲˮ¹֮սΣ治˵һҪԼӦԪսûһҾѹˡ˵ӣտȥԮɡȥţ˱ضš
ûӦԪҡҡͷܾҲ㣬Ҫһȥˣһ£ҶԲ档
ӽȰͼص˵ûãһҪû£
ӽӦԪ˼ջǷȰ˵
ˣһԼļ֣ӦԪˣԼֺγأ
ĿתλûпԼĻĻҲһѡ񣬵֮󻹻ҪȥԸŵͲˡ
ʵӽûжѡأŷ˵Ųνŵͽˣؾ͸ˣϽƽЩˡ
ŷ΢ֳˣ뽨²ƴɱҲԸֻȶѣҲҪ
ֳֻ¬ˡǰ˰²׳ͷ죬Ȼʺǰȥȡ
ˣŷֻñȭĩһ콫͵˴
ã²˳٣ϳӽ˵֮ϴӻнӹֽʣݲдһţŷǡ
ŷǽӹţǰȺˣΪ˰ѻյĽ²֮ڷ彨²֮ȫȻ֮⣬԰˰׳뷨跨ȥӭǧཨ²ǰûмġ
쳣ǾһȻкʣµİ׸Хȥ
ӽĿŷԶȥתվĻ˰ٴġ
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ǡ
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ڴ֮ǰѷ˵˰ٴ˵پͶ١ˣ飬Ҽǵа˸ĺ飬㻹֪СĻҲһ˵֪
ںһ㶣û뵽¡˺˵Լ˽¾ͺܶ࣬ô紦أԼ˵£ʱ̫Ҳ˵˶ݡ
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ǣһϸ˵үˣȥ޻ءںعϽش
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үС˲˽ɹż²⣬Ҵı߹ãܴ֮ģظ²;ݣ߾úô֮ʡں͵
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ǵı£ԭͲսϣ찵òǵרսϣҼҴչˣ޵е¬֪ڣû¡ӽ˰ٴԼİΣ͸ɡ
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ӦԪӽĻ΢ͷ¬Լλ÷һʼ϶¬±ʾ
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˵ӽ־øղ˵е㲻ףͻ˸˵˵֪Щں˵ʮĶ²ÿһգоǳһǵĲƸ£ǴյʬǣһҪ֮ڷ⣬ҲҪСǡǵΧڣ͵˽²ĵ̣һҪСģ߰µѶȲȥ²Ѷȡ
˰ٴӽѻ˵ϣͲ磬ȭǣү
ӽ˰ٴתں׻˵ӻͷ𲻻˲ٻ£˲ˡ㼸ṩľ飬Ҳ˲ˣлҡҪȥ²Ϊİոһǰ㣬ΪЧ
ںȻԼµΣҲϧԼ
ȻӽĹûеõȷ֮ǰĵ׻һ˿
ӽһģӽ˼ܰķĹ٣ϲ⡣
Ȼϻûͬ⣬˺Ļϲܲͬ⣬ǰ϶¶ˡ
£ӽ򵹱ȭлү񶨵
ض㾡Ҫ¶֪˰ٴ
ӽ˵֮ת¬̨ټнʿлҪ˵


271 Ϊʲôս
¬˵ͷתԸߵļҶȥӰ˰׳
ûжã׳ͼˡ
˰׳ֳսվͷλãų˺
ĺعţûţû˽ͷӶȫվţֻսżǣŰ
кܶ˶ѿڽ˴ɱ˺Ĵ֮̿Щ׸ʼӣͬȥ϶д½Ҫʶ΢΢еš
ӽվڷǰĸߵϣ¬ӦԪߵվ¬ļҶҲЩ׳СͷĿųһţŰ˰׳֮á
ӽǰе׳ߴ׳õĴж
΢ɨһ飬Ȼ˵ڴϣʥ˽̻壬˼以Ϊ岮ֵܣŮ̽ãƶиţȴҲпһصң޶ʺ򣬸ĸ߶һ顣
ӽ˵󣬶˶٣¬ļҶĻ˳ȥ쳹ɽһ硣
Զ׳˺ĻȻѿ˺ݣȴҲؿǸ΢е죬֪˺ôʱЩ顣
ǣ²Ƕʲô£ǰֻ˵ѣúңԶһˡ
أһ··Ͽ˶ٴӱ²ɱжǵ岮ֵܡ̽ãЩ²Ҿ徵ɱǶ˰ɣײеĽ²ֻһңԶĹô
ӽĻһش˰׳·ϿĲ״϶¶˷ŭ
Ȼڴв⣬жʵرԹܹӣҲбԹȨ
֮ǰĴӣһ߾ź޲ڿߵؽ²ıСǣ²ȨûС
Ҹǣڽ²ɱƽǵİգһУʮˣ·ϿдӼҪࡣЩˣ²ɱ·Ͽʬ
һЩ׳δսճȭͷЩɱĽ²
ڣЩ²ϾҪˡڹɱ˷ŻƨɾҪˡǲЩ²һѵݺݵشһ٣Ϊ߾ߵĻһգǻ˾֮أͻȥطǻþ֮ذյĲ״ǵļô
жúشӽǴûʶ²ײкܻܿήٵԼ׵ϡ׳ţȭֱԳ
ӽŵһŭݣһүǡȻ˵ȥ֪ͨڴˣƽƽİգ²һݺݵĽѵɽ²ȴܿڴ֮ǰˡڽ²ӵ·ϣһؿڣסȺĲǡǲ
˰׳
ֳӰһС˵ںǣѾں˵ˣһѪڵȫעվڸߵϵӽ˺˵
ںҲζӵһ˺Ľһ߽ŷȺ£вʱĸӵĲ״¼ζ˵˻
ҿ˰ٴ֪Ҫԣγںܾٽȥ
ӽЩ׳ͬʱ׳ķŭҲȾѪԿʼӿаһҪ²һݺݵؽѵ
ʹ˵ѣƥĵʹ˵ǣΪ˼ĸסֵܽã޶СҲΪ˴ղܽ²ĲкһҪ²һݺݵĽѵԸһס²˴Щ²һʹĽѵô
Ը⣡˰׳ĺȻûӽʧ
ҪѴһ䣬ǰ˰Ҫŵεסǧཨ²ǽعϡǻԸ⾡ȫԼȥס²²һݺݵؽѵüĸײܽ²Ĳкô
ȫûԥ˰׳үǣôüĸúԼЩʬһĽ֡һӽ˴𰸣Ը⣡
ӶŭӰ׳ǣŵսǸоսϢвƥǰ㷢ԡĽʾɱС
ӽֻһɺԼءôжǧཨ²ôˣҪҪסЩ顣
վֱӣѧźƣׯϵ˰׳ңֱȭ
׳Ǽˣӽڣʲ״׷ױȭûһ˵жĹͨһоڲС
֮ӽ¬ʲôҪ˵
¬ӽûнʱ򣬾ѶĿ࿴ˡ
û뵽˺˵ôһԼһΪǸ֮ˣҲ˺˵ĳȣ޲н²Ϊձôһ̣¬Щ飬Ϊǵ飬ǹϵԼ˰Σ顣
λߴĳ˴΢΢ǺӽҡҡͷʾûʲôҪ˵ˡ
ǣӽ˰׳׼ϾҪ
Ȼӽߵں͹˰ٴǵ˵Ѿûʱˣ˵˶ٰɣںٰ罨²͵֮ˡ
ʱţΪ˸ڽ²֮ǰȶȡסڣòжں˰ٴĽ
˶ӽȭĻӽ˵үǰȥɱū
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ĿүɫͲҪģӽһ󣬾رɱūȥ麺֮ûɱūֱӡ
ӽٴηսֻñһзһҪý²׵õǵıӦ
ӽԹ˰ٴĻͲ˵ˣҲϳˣʰ¶Ҳɣһ·ء
˰ٴͻȻϥأӽүأǼ
һҲ׷ѧŹ˰ٴӣϥأүأ


272 ʤҪ
ƻʱ֣ʦϽĻڣʵں׸ʵʩߡ
䣬Ժƶȵĸʵʩˣ
ر£ǰʷ̫٣ֻǴһܶѡԺطϵİ˾ܸʡ֮ǰδжԵطĹٵļְܡҲҪ棬гһŻڰ˾ڵһ˾
ʵˣһᣬȻѯʵΪأ
£ΪгһţķѽϴµĲ֧ȫһϵеšʻش
κ飬벻Ǯ֧֡ںͽ²սõӦս£Ҫһ˺ǱߵĹתԱǮǮûжǮ顣
ҪǮʵҪҲ֣½Ƶš
ĬĬǮôоҪһ۱ͺˣһԪȥͿԴԴϵԪˣԼҲͲΪǮͷҪˡ
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ҪǾеԼӶʧǵǴмҪͶУӽ˲žͲųȥ
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Ȼ뵽ӦΪԼֺγأ
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ʼеôˣʵʳһĵ⡣
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ʵˣְ˰̫ѨȻ̾ǶԳ͢ûģڿž֮սĽְ
˵ͷİնԾ֮սѲʤ͢ĹԱûģȻͶԳֽ͢ҲǣʱһΪ鶼С
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ʵ۵üͷȻǺܵս֣˵£ʦһǾ̭ȥĽʿڰ׸˾Ҳˣϳı֮žӡΪĻ϶ܴܽ²
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һֱųʵۿֻϵЦԽԽ࣬Ц仨һ֪ս¿϶Ƚ˳
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ʿ֮Ҳһϲ֮üͷضԳʵ˵£Ϊ»˴׼С
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ʵһղŻǵ侲Ȼʦʦ˵Ҳ޵
׼ڣʵʱŵ̵
ر£ʹԵ׼ѵͨݣʦֻǾʦѹأ赽ܽ
䣬㰲ǰȥŴţ׼һ⣬һ磬ŵ𾩹ۣþʦն
ǣ¡ʸ˵
̸飬ֻ׼֮飬ʾ͸ȥ׼֮ˡ
һпսϰߣ˽ӽƢҾ˶ԣҲǲмôεĽݱ˿δͼӴס
ڶһ磬ԭĽ²׼Ϊ峵Ǳ˾ıѺţһߴһ߿·ˣƺƵؽ˱ǡ


273 ˮ¹ؿ
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Щյ൱һֶΪ²ͷۣͷţ߳ȵȣˣŷԭĽ²Ҳͨ˲
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ǲؿűݵʹܽſڣȻתʽݱϡ
ϲǽӶɶʱôǿˣֶһ⡣
ʵȻһϲȻ˰ӽٻؾʦͷ
ս˳Ȼͻᰲȡ˵ζҪͣҪѵǮ
ӽϽؾʦֹ֮£Ա泯͢һ׬Ǯ
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ʵû뵽ǣӽûкһ𣬲Сֻ¬İ˰׳ѻʯ̬ƣ޷˵ǰȥɱ˹ڰպӵĹ֡
˵ӽں͹˰ٴ֮󣬾˰׳Ҵˮ¹ط
Ϊ˸ʱ䣬·˼ٰ罨²͵Ϯˮ¹صжϸڡ
ɫ֮ʱڸϵˮ¹ظ
˰׳ڽԶĵطΪ׵ӽ¬Ǳؾͽ۲졣
ˮ¹ؽɽվķɽϣسΪש߶ɾųߣٰʮ棬ϸһšŵɽɳԱˮ¹һȻķϡ
ˮ¹صɽСͳǱ˷֮⣬Ѷ֮á
²ȡˮ¹֮󣬰ɽĳǱˡΪòɽĳǱҲһȥĻá
ںǰʱΣ˽Ρ˽һһ˵ϵļжϡ
ؿǺϲһǳǷߵҪؿڡߵɽ̫վɳӻţʱˮĻͻָսǿؿڵĻֻٵ
ӽһʯϣ̽ͷˮ¹صĵΣﰵΪؿڵĵ̾ѹִڴ˴޽ؿڣȻѹ֮ء
ӽһתͷں²ķغɳڣŴ󿪣ǽϵͷѵüǶŰɣ
ӦԪҲѾˣӽ˵˴ӦرزŶԡߴʱ
һΣ˶ˮ¹ڵи˽⡣
ںϸؿ˿ȻشүСΪ²ͲӴ˴ؿڡԽ²ӣ˶Ļضڻеƻӳǽ²Ϊ⣬ƣ˲Ҳһпܵ
¬ں͵ͷ˵˾ˣΪһǲֱǿϮΪ
Ҷûӽ̧ͷɫʱںĹƣ²ӦѾƽǶȡˮ¹صʱ䲻ˡ
˵ϸڣȻ˻ȥʼ֮ǰ׽²ͺ·
֧͵ϮУںǻʵһ¬ǰͷĿçľ·ΪĲࡣһЩˣ¬ļҶ硣
¬ԼѡļҶѵģմ죬ԭǼƻһԼɱУǾõױ
ҲҿǺļڣ²ҲǴñӡĻٰ罨²귢裬ӽ˵ԽܣˣͱȽϾˡ
ӦԪȻǳ¬֮⣬˱ߵһˡҪӽûвֲ֧ӡ
һ׼׵֮ʮ˶ӽȭһսںǰͷˮ¹ضȥ
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һŸַӰοԼһǱظղŹ۲ؿڵĵط߳ӦԪ֮⣬мʱ䵱Ĵ
ֻ¬һƳţ;ٻΪţϣԴذ˰׳Ѹٹؿڡ
¬ͷںȻıְһĹ٣Ʒ֪ƽʱͱī򽻵ÿյʱһֳ嶯
жɷ֮ʱΪɱһ̫ƽΪƽ²ܣķԸ
ʵԼԸ߳սɱеĵһûһ˿£һ˷ܡ
ں΢еţ¹ƴ󣬳֮Դ򿪣ΪĽ²ʵкܶ࣬˶š
²Ƕڳźǣһʵȡţһӵϣ˫ȭѵ֣Ҫ
Ȼ¬¹ˣϾɱçľ˼һ֪ûϹս˵䲻Ļ¬ֻһսɱĲѡһǸһЪˣˡ
ںô࣬Ҳֻһ˲¡Լѡ·ǰߴˣںòһĹ£ñˡĽУܵĵĥгͷصĻᣬԼҲֵáҪȥԼĸӣҲظ˵ֵˡ
ؿڻмٲԶʱѾ˳ͷϵĽ²ֻһ²ߺȵʲôˣ


274 ²֮
ԴӰ֮󣬰ûٸŮ֮¡
һͷţ공֮һиʱоƣ緹֮󣬰оʵС˯Ƭ̣Ȼ׼ų֮¡
˭֪һ˯˯˼ʱװŵӰˡ
ôһ̣оԼˡȻʶλõˣĻǲϵġ
ɫѾûеô͸Ͻ
Լ֮ǰҪӦѾˣһһ߳Ӫʡ
ǣʱȷʵˣɸüϵһûȫƽˬƽĶ֪
΢еһֱʿнֹϸľͲս޲ʤ
ȺеˣȻҲԼľ
תһ룬Լδһδսͳع⣬ÿ֧վԼߡֻ̫ǶԼ鷳Ҳõֻǲ֪ĶΣһ鷳ˡ
Լɳȥ̽ӦҲҪˣʱ֪
Ȼûһᣬɳȥ̽ʼ½Ӫˡ
һ̽ͷĿ˵ռ֮ʰսݵİգûмʾƽ
ðһģȺһɣƽôһǣŶ̶һʱ䣬ȷʵܾˣкܶ
ԼûЪϢʼʰӪʣ˵׼ˡ
ڵһ̽ӪİʱڣֻһԾ˵ûзƽ˶ļ
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Ϊҹ䳤;оǰȥˣǻǲܰ쵽顣Ȳܱо֣Ҫ·úѡ
ʼǲǵٳǶβ㣬Ҫôʹ죬Ͳ֪ʲôʱˡ
һ̽ûлжĻЩ̽ҲᱨԼ
ȻƽһˣԼʮˣֱӪʶ
ܼɫڶ˵飬治ﰵرһ£Ȼŵ˭
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գ۾Լǰһֱǲģô˼ѾںԼԼȴԾɿˡ̫ˣԼ˶̫ۣϲǲͣˡ
˺֪ԼֶƵĶӣ˶Сﲻ΢΢ͷǰ;һˡ
һȺ˺ܿǰ治Զй˸߲ҵػ˵ţǰǰ˶
˰ǰ֮ϥǧūŲμ˶ա
һЦ˻֪úܿģһµɡ
֪ԼУӮǵӵЦ˵ջΣ
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˶л˷ܹͷˣֱӰѰͷðһ³
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ˣеôûסˡط֣Լֶ԰ģ۲úϸ
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˶дʱҲԼеʧˣʵжǰռ֣˵ðŮˣԼͷͿ漸ѡòƤƨɣĺƽҵԼļֻǺͰеƶѡ
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˶һһͷƽǲ֮ǰȥһˡ
ʵȱǮƣɱˣŮˣҲǾеģͼʹ졣Щ޺ģһֿС
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ҹգһӱϵΪһŮ൱϶ˡ̽ͷĿ˵ʱ΢΢е죬˵΢˵㡣
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˶ˣɫ΢΢һ䣬࿴һۣӶԷпһ˿ǡ


275 
ӽ¬һûſھͣȻںںͳͷĽ²ؾԻ
һľˣ۾һգգضųſڵĶ汣ӣý²ֺǼԭðƻ
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ӽҲ𰸣ֻתͷˮ¹ء
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ӽ¬һҶȵվǸҶһС
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ճǾͿճˣã˵һԭΪǼҵض֮սӽһţһ߶¬˵ǰĴ²ƾͿҪˡںƲ⣬ǴԼֻһʱʱ㿴ǵþжС
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һ˽⵽ˮ¹ؾһ¾ͱóˮ¹ǧཨ²ǰее㲻


276 սǰ׼
ԭˮ¹еʱ򣬾Ϊȱãڷطû˼
ͷϾֻмŻڣװװӶѣܲܿڶ˵
صʱΪӦƽʱһ¡ӽǷ֣⼸ڶ⼣
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˵е⣬ܿյ󵽴ܣֻм仹ż֧Уһͱˣá
ΨһֵҵǣмͰҩԽá
ӽ¬ȼΪ׵ˣѲ֮󣬶һӪ
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ӦԪ΢ں˵ɽ壬üͷһɽߣ²֪ͨڣ
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ӦԪѲӽʵûѧϰǿˣҽ򵥵İ֣ټ򵥱Ȼͳɡ
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ӽһǸϽȥйԼһţмס
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¬ӦԪòͷԸȥ˸Ͻȥ
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ӽվڳͷϣӦԪţһ߿ڵĶһֲʱ̧ͷڱɽ壬ǷźŷŽ²ԽԽã


277 Ԯ
פ⣬׳ۡ
ʱҹеƻţȴҲࡣֵҹıžԼְżУξѲӸҹ
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оУڸմйսµβվ˸оƣ롣
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˶ϱǱԭΪż·ŵԵʣﲻɵеοԼĶϱԼ·
žһ͵°Ϊ֮һ
ƽΣҲ֮֮²ٵգҹк飿ԭɤžʹ󣬴ʱΪ壬ٷϻڶ飬Ӵɤţͬһ졣
ĩϳУȭص
㿴ңҿ㣬ûһ˳С
ڿͺˡ
뷢ʱٲųеĩ
ھٵһᣬû
ܱףں
ĩڡױڵεسС
飿
رĩ²ҹ·˵һҪǽ²ǣʹҾҹ·Ȼ֮Ҿˡױȭش
ǣǡ
ܱԼǣСΪϡ

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ƨ²²ҪҲ֤ʵϢŷϹý²Ըߣҽ˵Լƴͻصľ󣬵˵˴ֻ
ЩܱӣССν͵û
ջЩС˼ôӵù۾еڣӦһһĽйЩһڡ
Ҫ˳ЩˣȵٶĻ˵Щ֪²ܣջ·ī
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278 ²
ˮ¹ڣе˶ûˮԷȫͶ׼С
׳Ƕ˾ͳԵ˾ͺȵˮΪþڽ²֮ǰܶǿһݷ
ӽȻûĳ쵼һ³һɻҲûԸһȥСǺһˮԵѡ
ڳͷӦԪѲ׼ʱ̧ͷɽ
ڽʱеʱı
˵ǣ²һֱû֣ʱӽɽ²ڸ·ɽڱһֱûзźţǽ²ʱ⣬ӱĹؿڳˡ
ӽͷϵķòˣϰԵ̧ͷɽлɽϡ
ӽһ֮£æۿ
ߵӦԪˣҲɽȥ
Сһ²ǰˣСڰ˰ˡӽһ߿һ߷˻˼
ɽڱŻʾ飬ͼָĵط˻ӦǣϨ˻ѣɽֱһƬڡ
ӦԪҪӽʱźŵ׳ѳӽүɽϷڰ˰ٵĽ²ǰˮ¹ض
ӽԼһ£ͷ֪ˣȥŰɡ
ǣү
ӽΧļ׳˵ݣͣ˺
ָһˣԸȥ¬֪Ͻ顣
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Χһ飬¬ļҶԼںߣ
¬ӽ˵˽²֮ΪϤߵĵתںɽڱֵĽ²ˮ¹Ҫã
ںйƽϣûеʱ䣬ϻشҹ·ƵĻԼĪʱҵؿڡ
¬ͷʱ仹㹻ͻعӽ¹и뷨ֻǲ֪Ҳ
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ӦԪҲо¬кҪðյ˼ӽе㵣ǡ
Լǲںððգȡðȡô
ںӽİȫԼȡӽðѡһĻ;ԲԼ÷ðա
¬ֻǿӽȻͲ֪ӦԪɶӽ˵͵سɹĿǰΪֹ²Ӧ֪ˮ¹ΪС⽨²ǰ治˰ˣֻҪӦõģɸ⽨²ǰԺݺһ֮
¬˵ʱᶨš
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ȷŴӮ²ӽһ㻳ʵǻ¬£ǻ˵
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ӽЩҶȷʵǰֵĴ󺺣˵գһȻҲܿɹۡ
¬ڽԼļҶ󣬾ͼ˵ģҷսܷ²ȴӲʮʵ־տʼķʣµĽ²Ȼ࣬һ¹ٸ˵ȫ²ǰ档
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ӽ¬˵еôĻӦܱȽ׳Ե²ǰ档
һӵĻȷʵ¬ļƻд©ҪʵʩƻĻպܸߡ
ӽ뿪ڸʹӵʱ¬пǣش²ֻҪ̫󣬲޶ϵֻҪźʵĽ²˳ţͷǧբϾ²ϵΧ߳ڵĽ²
ӽڿǣͽһ˵ѵó䲻ˮ¹أʱݺݵش½²Ͱװ˷һλᡣսܼ²ǰ棬ش²ǰ棬ԹҾʿ²ʿа
ӽе⶯ˣ¬ôаգӦòɡ
ʧʱ¬ٴѵ
Ѿûжʱ˷ˣӽԥİͬą̃ԡ
¬һϲתϽļҶ񣬺˴δʲôֶȹȵȫѿڶˮҪǣȻ뷨ˡ
ӦԪ¬Ʋ֮־ý²ҹ·սѾȽһЩټһϵдʩӦǱȽϱաˣûٳԷԡ
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ӦԪںӽҪԣ˲ԡ
ӽ¬Ͷ֮䣬ָԼһ˧ķ緶ﰵ̾ѹ¬ܴ۾Űܵо
ûз¬İţ֪ԼҪӲǰߺɱеĻᰭְţǣŲֽɱ
¬пǵ鶼֮ûӽ飬վ˫֣Ť˼¸첲Ž²ķ򣬳ĵصɱū


279 ɱū
²ǰˮ¹ԽԽЩ²һѣһǧҡϳһĳ󣬴æǰ·
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ǰĽ²תɽţһ۾Ϳˮ¹ء
ֻǹغأͷûлѵţҲûӰ߶ֻͨĳţеƻ
Щˮ¹صĽ²һֻҪأɹŲԭ
ʱɣƾԾаҲþˡ
ǰͷһ²Ϸߵǰдǰǹؿڣͷδˣеƻ𡣡
Ϊ֮ϣе΢һᣬӵ˹ڣѾ͸ȥˣͷǵʰǲɡ
ִ˿ߣȥЪϢ£ȵȺˣһٳ
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ǰͣǰʱڣ˶һ߱˲١
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²ΪһõϢ֮أǰһֱʱͲǰˣ͸ƨɺ档
ԽԽ̣ԽԽ֡
Ŵʱ򣬻˹ѯʣֻڻѴӰζԼߺĥĥػԸ뿪ѡ
ǰĽ²һȥֱ⴦ȥ
Ľ²ϰԵͷǰĽ²ǣеľͷ飬ʼߺȳˮ¹ڶʱ
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Ļδ䣬ŴһǧբպҵѾŶĻ˻ȥͿµҳء
׳͵õԼ˷ǧբΪѶš
һʱ֮䣬ڰӿڶ׳ͶͶгͷϣľʯ׷ױ£ֱҵóĽ²޺ĻᶼûУȥ
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ӽڲֱ˿̣ŷһģȭݺݵشԼƣѿڶããҺݺݵش򣡡
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ԲΧ²ʱмЩмֻҪû˵ҪŬԲƶ
ԲˣʼѰҿ϶ժⷴơ
ӽͷӦԪһԾԾԵ飬Ͷ˵ļȥ伸²Ϊձ𣡡
ӦԪӽе㲻ġ
ӽЦŵģҶȫúܣԼСĵǡ
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ӽҲе֪ԼûùҲûȥͽ²ƴɱǼ£Ͱ˼ս
һ߿һ۵ǲаҪǻʱֻ²񵯣ɸ㶨ˡ
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ӽתںԼ˵ǺTNTըҩװ֣ڸ첻Ϲһ˵սҪ˵̨ôûҵӰ
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ԽɱԽ٣²ֻ˶ʮˡ
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ʮһɼҶŵ¬ڼغ֮ڣͳ
ΧǸ²Ѿʱ²תĨȥ


280 ջ
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ż²ֹˣһϧ
ۿ²ҪĨϲˣͻȻһ֧ӿպ˽²õ
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Զžۼٶཨ²δؿˮ¹ء
ûжãڵɱղšͷϵĻѿʼϳģֻĺ񲢲ͨװˡ
ǰеųͷҲ⼸ܹҴţ¼һɳʮѶ
ˮ¹УӽѴӲ׳սʤϲ֮ľУǽµһӪ
ӣӦԪѰ˹ЦǺǵӽʤ²ʹ졣
ӽӦԪĴһżͲû֧֪Ľ²Ʋ١
ЦӦԪɱ˶ٽ²
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²ıȽϸߴͷвַףǸ²Ͻ˵մ˲ٺ˵Ѫ
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˵ͷûпѹ첲¬һֱץס²ĳ裬һ²ͷͲò
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һɶ˭ʱһߵںȻ㣿
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һȥںŵúܴһȻ飬·𿴵һ˼Ķ
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ںݣдһת۾׹Ϊʲô᲻ռˮ¹أְ˵ײȥ
ŭӿޡһһ̵ںȻһ人֮ȥȻûһö
ںԾ֮ûбܿǿ̵ճ·ϡ˿⣬ѹͲ̵
ǺˣӽǺ棬ʵ
ôһľ㵣ںѾعˣתӽȭصϲү˾ǹڽ²ͷ²ĺ˶գ¾ޡ
һһվںʧʲô
⽨²ǰƽȥʱ򣬾֪˿϶ȥš
֮ǰͳߣֻΪһеԥ
Ȼԥˣˡ
µǧҵĽ²֪ԺܳһʱڲᣬڳѾˣ޷ڶʱ£
Сʱ½һǧҡ
ɫˣͷԸ˶ȥ£еĽ²Լųһǧˡ
ôû뵽Ȼıؾ֮أһͷײ˽
ʷбȻҲżȻ¬Ϊ˲˷һγ䲻Ļᣬһ˰׳˹ʺˣץʷְĽ²²
ںڣ֪ãԼ˵үүвգ¾ޡҲ


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һԼˣͻ࿴ԿԷеϲ⡣˿߸һôһһ㡣
Լλ²Ĵ֮һ
ӽţҪгһհѻ̫ҲץˣǹƸоˬ
Լ֮ѾȥˣԴѺ¬ץӵ֡
ӽ״¬֣ſǸβ͡
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ӽһԭǽɽźŵ׳ͷãȥš
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ϣκллӽһ䣬ȻԸ¬Ѻȥϼӿܡ
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ӦԪʱȻȵȡ
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ŰѺ⣬ӦԪתӽ˵ԾһΣΪһס죬ҧԾ
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282 ٷһ
ȻߵѾ¶һף·Żѡ
ǰƽʮĹٵϣӸɽ帩ӵĻһ׳ĻǰһΧɢźܶө档
պЩȡһµĳǰǧ׸˲սо
ڰ׸˾һﷶΧڵөǸ·ܱɳĲɢúܿǰ
ЩɢһԤãһн²ҲһĻ塣
֮һһǰѸƹԭؾܵеİ׸˲ǰȥо
ںʣµİ׸˾͹Ǹ·ܱ
Ӫûиפݡ
һҹо̫أܲ㣻
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ڳⲻԶҹʼǣǻϡ
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ܱ࿴⻰˵ȷʵеҪٵȥؿʾ޿²ߣߵȱչ鳯͢УЭ·Ϊá
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287 ʤΪ
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˶ȴΪôȻͿʼϲľ̩ƶС
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˶Цųǰ棬еĵһӣıһ˿ڡĲҽ˵һѪ
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288 ˮһս
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¬ڳǸϣȻһתԳǽһȭ˳ǽϣŭִУȥƴˣ
ϵӽһæǪ̇̄Ҫ嶯һǧҵĽ²ܴӮô
ӦԪȿһߵ׳һһ޴ʹĲʣһԷӽĿҿδأڳȥ
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ӦԪ˵ǧཨ²Χߣڳûһš
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289 սͻ
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ɳһæջʱǰиԽԽӹԼĲӡ
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ΪӦԪʱԶı¬ûнӵźţֻܼ֣άһߡ
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Ͻһߴ׳׳سǵıҲһֱûжõ˵Уϸս
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ںûбҪٻӽΪ־ƲҪӽˡ󱸵棬һȵس棬ﰵ˵ӣȥˣ


290 ʤ˰
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ǣ˶е￪ʼۺϿǣԼߵĹʱԼʱ䣬ĸ죬ûаˮ¹ء
ʱͷǶվڳͷעŹǰĽ²
ӦԪЦЦȻӽ¬ʼ
ӽҲЦŵã²պվܼǳս֮ɣ
ӦԪյߵͷڲ࣬Գµ׳ٶȵķ䣬ѽ²ҳ
ǡһػشš


291 Ӯ
ˮ¹ڿնľʯý²ĿɿڴɢܣǧӣվͨڣûܵĿռ䡣
һʯȥеĽ²˴ҳ⽴ֲ嵽⻹⡣
ʯڷʱҶƥȡսҽеӰΧʼɧ
һʯĽ²Ȼᳬʮǧཨ²Ŀ˵νǾţһëɶԾʯҹʱΪ˵޴ӵֿĸоԼʯеĲ״ý²ʱ
ֵͷкˣǿһЩ²Ϊ˶ܾʯӵǽҲЩ²ҹľʯҹľʯúõкһ١
²Ͷʯ׳һͷ֪н²ˣϸ˵ؼӿٶȣȡ෢һ
ʵͲͷֻҪ򱣳ֺãͨ϶ǽ²ôҶջ
׳ǶͶʯ̶ȣԱȳ֮ǰĽ²ҪһʯһһԽˮ¹ǽҵ²
ںڳͷųĽ²ﰵ˵ӣɱʮӣԺһɱӼǣ
ӽڶѪģѾûʲôӦˣʱͶʯ̾ҪٶһЩͶʯͺˣֱЩ²
¬ǺһЦֵҪʱһ֧ұ֤ɱһƬײ
֮ǰһֻͬҪʽϣ¬ӽǰͲԳơ¹١ǸΪˡҡ
վӽҲӦԪûиЦųҵĽ²˵ϧɱЩ²Ϊ֮صİձ𣡡
¬һӦԪĻҲЦˣЩ²ǲкİգ޲ܶɱһ²ΪǱ
ӽӦԪļӷĺˣӵ˺УܲͷɱɶȥѪծѪ
ںһӽ˵⻰Ͻӿڵүȥɶɱ²һҪ¡
ģȥɶ֮ǰҪȰҰǺеİ඼ҳȥЩĶӽں˵
ںѾĸӽߣȻ᲻ͬ⡣
ҪЩ·鱨Ӧ²ʣ֮صİҲô࣡ǧ޼׹¶Ұǹһӣȫһɶӽ˵ʱﰵ¶ģһҪЩ
ںӽĿߣԳһ˿֮ɫҲӽ˵һԱ粻Ҳܵ˺᲻ȻԼûա
ں΢ԥһᣬӽ˵үһ֪ܲ²˸طɱ֮⣬Ӷ˿ȥΪūġ
ôӵİ˭ɱģǽ²˭ѵǹپӦԪں˵ͷ
Ȼǣɹӡںش
ʲôɹӣӽе졣
ǣɹˣֲҪӶ˿ȥΪǸ֡ɱ˷Żɡں֪֪ӽ
˵еһֱɹѹŴɹżзʼΪѹݴ˧رɹ˸ǲ¡Ҳˣ֣ԭӣͶһƬǶ˹Ƶļ֧һ¬ͬں˵Ӧòԩɹӡ
ӽףһ·ʬŭѪծѪɹӸɵĺ£һҪǸۡں
ڡںæش
ͷһݴ˴潨²صɹӲдҡӽ
ǡ
²ٶ֮󣬲˳ͶʯĹΧ
˶еվڶǰ棬ȴձ˻ʱͲйˮ¹صͷͶʯгǽţô
֮¾ľ̩ϼһжʱ֮ǰɳȥ̽Ӷܻ棬Ѿֻʮ·ˣɽطҲҹա
©ַҹֶ꣬һ·˶ûѡˣֻһ·ߡ
ǣҲò飬˶ƣ֮ʦϽӴܡ
ӽڳͷ²תܹɽŲ֪Լʤˣ²ڹڣ˴ˮ¹ӳͷ
Ȼ۸ߺ²ˣʤˣ
Χ׳˺ĺһϲ֮Ȼ𣬸һߺ²ˣʤˣ
ڵ׳ǣ˵׳Ҳźйʤϲã
һʼʱǱʵľģ԰˰˾ѻǧཨ²˭Ҳû뵽ܿס²عڳͶʯʱ뵽սˮ¹ء
Ǹ¬ٶһǧıǹ²ʱҲȥ޻صĴ㡣
յĽȴϡӮˣǵģ԰˰׳סǧཨ²Ĺ
ǼԺøߺйеĸ顣
еĺܶˣڶ磬ΪԲҫϲǽù֮һˮ¹²
ٽˮ¹أڵԽԽ֪˺ˡ
û¹ؿڣûеֵס²Ĺڵһһʡʵûסйߵɳȥ̽ˮ¹صľ顣
ĩȥˡ
˺Ժ󽫻ڳ͢Ŀɽ˷ǳӽİΣ
Ҳãעⰲȫ̫²ӡһ֮󣬾ʹӦ󣬲
ǡӦһȻһӶԼĲµߡ
һ֧˵İ׸뿪оƹǰĲǰȥ
ʱ΢һͣ˵ˮ¹ضȥ


292 ʦ
˴Լ·ңһ·ڡ뷢ȥ·гǸ߹
һ룬״ʱĿ϶֧²ɡ
ϽйһȥķȥȻԼʣϽˮ¹ضȥ
תɽţǰֵľˡİ׸Ҳ׷׾ͷʬ壬װǽ²ʬ塣
Ǹտ²׷ɱĴȴִĽ²ڵϣɲǲȡ
һ߿ٻǰһ߲쿴ϵʬףȻ̧ͷԶˮ¹ء
ֳͷвȱĺɫƮ
ǣ뿪ʼ١
ͷ׳ڰ׸һתɽžͷˣٽһЩõӦԪȽָʹˡ
Ŷô˧˰ӽ鲻һСˣЦŵ٩
ӽԼҲˣӻ֡
뿪ʼͷö˴Ž²װеľַͷͲͬſ֣ϸһϵ˺дϲæǰ
ǽʱͷ󺰵ĩ֮ǰ쿴ˮ¹ؾ顣
ӽڳͷЦ˵ãһжû£ͷأ
߰·Զش
ȻӦøϽڱϲתϻȥš
֨𣬳Żشˡ
뷭߽š
˳źֳﵽоʯҹĺۼкܶ෿ݱ
ղ濴õĳͷ﷢һս΢΢ڳڵ̨ͶʯȻ첽ϳͷʽμ
ӽЦǺǵذȻʵʱû²ô
վشĩдӦþǽ²Ĵ˸ȥˡ
²һ߶ȥҪǱ߳ءӽһ룬²
ӦԪҲһ߲廰·֪ܲܽסǣЩ²ǿ֮ĩˣ
¬ǵĶԻ΢һ룬ָʹʲôطˣ
һ¶һ˿мش¬Ǳ²ɱôܣڲı
ôһæʾͰ֪һһʮ˵⼸λ
ӽһ꣬һʼ͹ƾűƣ²ֺƣ룬Ӧ²Ŷԡ
˵ʱ׳к̧ͷһڳҰˡ
˵ڽӵźϲ⣬ȫ٣Ժܿ͸˹
ؿƬʬأһ·ɽҵطӪԼŽǰˮ¹ء
ڵˮ¹صʱӽѾųͷӭ˳
㰡㣬ǵ죬˰˾ǧཨ²ĺ·һ棬Цӽ
ںĽ쿴ӽæ
ӽЩ˶֮»ܲҰܸƣĽ²ܲ⣬ֻǵͷӦ£ȻӦڵĻⲻûôȺ²ڹ֮飬Ǹۣڵİս
һ΢΢еȻʵϷһصĽ²ʬ壬֪սΣ
ӽ΢΢һЦ°ͳ¬һ̧սø¬˵
ĽǶؿ¬֪Щ׳ɱ˶ٽ²
¬ǰһȭҲսһʮˣһʮˡնɱ²һǧʮͶʯ̨Ͷʯ̨ū¾ޡ
ںĽ¬սԽԽԾɱô²Ǵδй֮°
Ȼ˵ǾȻū¾ޡò˼顣
˵ǰɱ²ܿţūǲٵġ
ǰһץס¬ʵ˵ū¾ޡ
ӽЩԾݵˣеԺװƽ¬شǣ͹ڳ
ߣȥеʧ̬еص
ӣǰͷ·ӽԸӦԪ
ǣӦԪЩ߼߻س
˳ںĸ߼췢ֳи˽²ʬ壬аԳԾɱĿҲûһ˿鱨
Ҳˣ뷨ͽǲһˮ¹ⶼ˼ҵս²˶˶˹ڣ˺סˣһ漣
ڶʱ֪ѷǱˣһҡ
ǰһιۣ۾һ
ڶԽ²İ˴Ȼʶģս϶ν棬ЩūĻȻǰ֮һ̬ܿóǽ²νĴ֮һ¾ޡ
һȺ˲ι˰֮߳˹Ѻ֮
Ѿûһʵĳ£˳ͷ֮ϡ
ڸҪ˵֮ʱűɽϵ
һᣬݵ˳ͷȻҲΪصĽ²ʬںӽĩһǧǧǰɱū
ӽһڵ²Ӵܣ֪·Ƿʦˣ
ҡҡͷһӱո񻯡Ӫ߸
Ӧ׷ȥжãӽʵ
˺˵⻰ȻѾ֪ܵϢˣˮ¹صսЩ춼ͷ˵
аһ̾Ȼ˵ĿǰӦûܳսһҵ
²ѳǿ֮ĩ¹Ըһǰ׷ɱ²¬Ȼս
ǰƱ·סӵĽ²ɳ׷ӽҲ˵
һȻ󷢲ڣ
ĩڡбȭ
챾·սָ֮ӣ׷ɱ²
ĩ¬׳ɱôཨ²Ѱ಻סҲˡ
ֶһȺܱǾͲȥˣֻʣսܱ֮ɡ
ΪԤЩܱźͬ˲дһ˵
ЩղҰܹһΣ֪ͳ͢δǣ˲Υڵ˼æױЭͬȥ
ǣʣս׷ȥ


293 Զ
¬վӽȥΪԼȥ׷ɱ²ееź
ھѾ󣬲ȥͽҪϢûȥҲΪã¬Ҳ⡣
ˮ¹⣬ɽعĲʼʰо֣פˮ¹ڣԲԭĹ
Դʣٶ׳Щɽز˷ǰؿɽŵӪʣ;鸴ӵؿЩ⹦׳
ͬæµһһҹߵջȴȻͬԼ߻Ǵӣȴֻһʱ׳ѡ
˶и򣬸쵼ʵ̫Ҫˣ
׳ܸܵе̧ͷͦظ˺ĺ档
θ˺սˮ¹أջ˹ͣҲõǰĲƸЩ׳ֵˡ
¬ӽԥ˰󣬻̲ס͵͵ӽүѴӽ²ϽɻĲﶼָʿ䣬ǲ̫ˣ
ӽǰڣȻתͷش¬ҪƴЩ类²ӵȥˡкܶ˸Ĵۣе˲һӣӦõõġ
¬һû˵ˡ˺Լһ֣ѽɻĲȫָʿ䣬ӽĿؽԼǮƵ̬ȡ
ҪǻһĽ죬˶Ĳôܲۺ죬ܸʿһﶼǿˡ
ӦԪһ¬ӽ˵û˼廰ΪҲӽǿһݡ֪ӽĺ⣬ͨݵļǮá
׳ǽɽŵӪʺرǼ׼õ˯̣ƣһӿͷ˯
оУͬƣȴ顣
ӽ˺󣬴ӱóһżϼǹ㣬ȥ
ӽЦЦȻӹż
ڴһǷȻӽ߶Ҫ֪ȥðգ֪ᵣĳʲôҺսºܿͽˣϷ϶ᱻԹû㡣
ӽܿ쿴ţպ̧ͷֿڴ˸ǷͶ˵ˣ㻹ǿȥЪϢɣи̵Ļ͢ʧʹˡ
ѻ죡ʤѶūϷٰһһҹҲĸԸڵܺãЦŻشӽ
ӽڲȥϢͶ˵ˣи£ȡһ
Ŷʲô飿е档
ھ֮ɱɹҲзݣһ㲻Ƚ²һҪӽЦݣں˽⵽˵һ顣
˼أڳʵ
ҷߣԶӽ˵úܼںȻ϶һȻʡ
˼ǳЩͬ²صɹŲ壿ʵ
ǣЧ󽫾ȥͻϮɹӡ
üͷһǷеðգ
һ㶼ðգ˵ȥ²ԵǰʵԱȣ϶ðաЩɹӣСǣԮʱһǧˣԼȴûʧ²ɹӵսһϣһµ𡣡ӽΪȻظڽ͵
ڲ˵ˣֿǰİһ˼ӽ顣
Ҿͽ²һսиס²ҲûжֻҪҴ˧ѵʿĻǸͲ¡֮սǸ·д㣬ʵرǹʵҲڸ²Ϊʤ
ӽ˵ڣǰ²ҲͳǧˣʹɹͶǡ
΢΢ͷرǲԡҪȽһ˭֧¾ڶɹֵԴΪ͢Ѹô
ӽԴӶ˳ɹӵͷ󣬾йͨ̿ǣʵ⣬ϰ뷨һһ˵
˼֮󣬲ŵͷͬãϷԺһ࣬ҷߣԶ
˵⻰ڷ·˺ö꣬ʱ緢ĸо
ܸоȥͬĳʵۿ϶ͬ⡣ûĸʵۻ᲻ϲԼĵ۹ĳһ˿Ĵڣ
ֺӽһᣬŸԻȥЪϢһһҹδ˯Ϊս½ţƣ벻
ôһ˯ȥֱӽ˯ˡ
ڶһ磬ȫƣл˹Ӫ
¬ӦԪٶ׳оںӽ
û·ʱǰԶͿ˴ĺɫġ
ܿڲǰͣסʳĽһоںӽ
ӽȵ߹֪϶Ǵʤ̡
Ȼ׷ɱ²ľ
̫ƽկ׷˽²ʱ²ͱ·ɱ
׼ȷ˵Ǳ·һͷײܵĽ²հڳʱͱǽĽ²ɱС
ʾʱ򣬱·ѵֵס²ֲܡ
ֻҪһᣬƾͼ·ˡ
ҲΪˣǼڽ²ӽ²ıɱ˹ȥܽ²
һɱҪɫߵǧ²Ҳύڹڡ
úܸˣתǨΡ
Ǩһߺӽһݣһ߰ųһߵķ˷ſʦؾ
ʮ¶ʮգ²־ܵս£ڳʮսʱ˶¡


294 ݱӦ
ܣܣߣȥ⿴
磬ǽгɶһǰ˵̼ģ˵
ǣ磬ɶ˵˵ɡһ׳Ҳǰֵ̼
ֱ̼߱߻شҲϴκ˵ˮ¶ô˵ˮ೧Ǳһˮ㳡·
һȤæʵʦŶֻʱſˮ೧ûͣ
̼Ťͷźİӣ˵ñŤתͷ˵߿㣬Һ治˵
Ӻ׳һæ߿켸ֲ̼С
˵˺֮ǰͽǼͣңʦҲճǼʱšԴϴոݵĽݱ뾩󣬾ͻָˡָ̼λݵܵ˵֪顣
׳ͷȻʵ磬˵ĳӶ˺ģΪʲôһԼ׬Ǯ׸͢
һȴ˵ͷֱ˵ܵ㲻˵˺·΢ôôһǮء
׳ǺһЦҲҪǷ˵Ļô󷽰ɣ
ּ̼ܵ˵Ȥʹ˵˵˺Ժһǳеĵطʲôʱʶһ¾ͺˡ
һһ˵Űԣ֪Ŵˡ
ȻǿŵģŵıǱƽ಻١ǲôܽǵˣֻҪǳǵģᱻס顣
ֿ̼üͷһ壬ǻе鷳
ʱԶȻŵıһ½ϳǹ
ֵ̼ܼ龰Ҳ΢΢еңʲô°ɣ
˰ӼǰߴϢˡиȽϺõıȻ
ΧһһȫӵŴ
ͷУξһæǣÿÿ·
Ȼ͸ϽһȥʹϢʲôϢ
ʹһóŽˣͿʼǰ߽ݱʤ²ոʧأū
ͷµıԼΧİɳ۶ʹΪˣ飬ʹ쵽ſʱȷԼû
Уξ˷ܵضµ񡣡һæվһ߾񣬹ӭʹ
ϰҲ·϶ǵʹЩ͵Ĺһóݵ۹ӭʹ
ʹһ·ɳ۹ȥ·˳羴۹⣬ޱȵ㣬·ݱеԼһݣҹ·ƣһɨա
׳ʹߺϽǷȥһֱ˲ֵ̼磬ǻȥˮ೧ô
ֵ̼϶ЦݵȥΪʲôȥȻͷ͢ʦؾˡ
ӺȻ˵磬ȻؼҸﱨţһֱҡڴӮˣûȥ¡
̼һͷ⵹Ӧõģ͸ϽؼұŰɡˣͲˣǶϲѶ˵Ҳǳȥ鿴Ĳҵ
׳ҲһԴļҲ߶ڳˣҲȥŰɡ
ǣ˾ڳŴֿԻȥϲѶ
ݱԽԽ㣬ʿϲѶзӦ
ʦ˽࣬·ˣҲˣ٣ŮжһˣҲгȺӵġ
Щھ֮زˣвҵڹ̫ƽˣ͸Ͻȥˡ
ʵûһ칫ҹڸйشʦؾĸ֮Ӵ⹬̫ӡ
ʱȟRʮ¶㣬Ϊԭ类Ϊ̫ӣ԰һ
Ǹջ·ͣƽѵüʣ˳ʵһȥʱе
ʵۼӵķӦ΢΢еھΡҵͨյ²ԼڶҲˡ
еԺݵϢһֱӰɢ˵㣬ūץһˣʷѾı䣬ԼŬĸһ˿ر
̫ӣﰵصɽᶪһᴫ㡣
ʵϾ÷Ⱥ󣬲űŹ˵˻
ýָͷ뵽ʵ۵쳣غãſڳʵ۵Ļ˵ϣһ²֪
ʵ⻬ıЦŵʲôģлͽµģСٳͷһΡ
ʵˣ˵ϣ͢ū֮Ӧ̫ƽ˰ɣ
ʵ۵ͷС²ŵѵ᲻̫ƽ
檸ھмҵѾսŰЩҵؽ
Ŷ޿ûǮӦ֪ġʵΪ󶼶ҪǮؽ
檸ײ˼˼ܷʹһЩˮࡣ£֪ģˮûԣˡһСָʵ۵ţһ˵
û⣬˺󶼶һЩͳɡʵҲ룬ͻش
£檸׿ˮ೧ˮĹ㳡ˣˮѼҵ;ʦ֮·һޡ£֪ģ⵽ʱڣ·̫Ţ˵ʦ˵е㡣
ŶҪܶ࣬²С޻ָˮǮأʵ۲ͬˡ
Ҳô˵ģø״ͷǸˣһ̽ʵ۵Ŀڷ磬֪оϸĿˡ
һţȻ˵檸׾;Լˮ·ֻǡ
ʵ۸ΪȱǮܾ˻˵һǺܹݵ΢΢еⲻȥ˼⣬ʵֻʲô
檸ֻһЩͨбûԸ⻻Щˣг»Щֽá˵ʱ΢̧ͷעųʵۡ
ֽʵһЩ˼е㽩Ӳˡ


295 ׷
ǰǳ͢ӡֽҲѲ˼Ǯˣ檸˵ˣԲȥʼжһ檱֤
ʵе㲻ˣ͸Ͻ׳Ľ͡ΪƾԼܳĳ̶ȣ˲һıֻ֤ǶӡһֽãӦû⡣
ôͨб˼ôʵео󶼶ͨŮԼĿġ
Ӣ³ʵ۵ƨ
Ҫ٣
檲Ҳһѡ
ͨбٲֵǮһҲв٣󶼶Ȼ˹չġ
ʵһƿӴض˵޵˴ú⣬չͨбȡ˼ҲһʲôóȥȻһǴǮ
ʵ˵溰޸¡
е㻨ʧɫؿųʵۣæ檿ǲܣվͻؾס
֪ĵλȡڻʵ۵ĳų̶ȣʧȥ˳ʵ۵ģʲôûˡ
ʵԼ£ѾվǰɹŮ·
ͷŴе㾪ʧȻе˵ͷˣͺͻ˵˵޴󶼶Ŵӳ͢Ǯڳ͢ûǮûǮ˭ҪݱƼޣк³ġıԸ
˵ʣûϵʾ⹬Ů˵һߣԼһϵһ߶˵еҪԼȾްɡ
˵󣬶һߵ̹Ůڼ鷿
ʵ۵鷿ҳÿһб濴
Щս£⼸ûʲô仯ıûпղĻѾüû˽ˡ
ѼһֽսϢϢأŽݱһһεĴֽһ٣ԭʱкܶһҲĻذʱˡ
ʵۿ걨󣬿αϱĿ񡣱Ͼ˶ñȽ϶࣬еۡ
֮սȫʤð֪͢ʵҲӮ²߳͢ŻǺаġ
ȺʦһЩƶȥУȻӮ̣տɿԼиԼ
ʵ뵽̫Ѩ¿ʼԭΪʤ͵¡
ڽļʱڣʦڼȸֱʹС
˵ǽ²ڱܣϢ˵ץסūþ֮ڻָƽ
ʹǣʦ½֪˾֮صĲ״Ȼսһ𣬿϶ʧû뵽ʵԶǵϡ
δߵ˲˾Ǳ²ߣ̶ҵʮ֮˾űٵһɶ
ʦÿÿǴٹˣƽͷգбսӰ쵽
ʦĵ̣ؿȻˣʬֽǮ»
ʦЩۻǶԽ²ʹޣŶԱץūĴ
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ڻ˵ں뵽߾ӽİΣҲݺӣ˵ʦȥôһ֧ǰȥС
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ڲ֪ӽʦʲôˣ̳ܽôһȫ˲šԼôѧȴδйһѧ˺Ĳܡ
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298 Ӫı
ڶһ磬һ֧ӴӾʦӪؿѺһȥ
ֱ֧ŷ߰ٲɣȫ˺ӽ
ӦԪӽ߻Ͼӽûһӽܾˣӽʾþͻʱ¬ǰ
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뵽Լӵĸӽ˹ϵϾ͵ûϴʿֱƼ̨ѫ
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¬ȻҲ֪Цŵãȥ鿴ɶΣԺϡ
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óԼӽǰĿ˵Ļ¹٣Ǹƹˮ೧İҲӽϹϾӽָɡ
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ͷЩȻҡͷѺͿճȥõôȻҪǾñͲھʦЩҪֻүɡ
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˺֮Ȼȥʲô顣ˣһ㶼ֻͷ·
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ܵһ౾ְϴ
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ʱʱУһƬˡ٣ⳡʹˡ˭Ҳû뵽Ⱳӻۼϡ
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ʱ򣬲ʿ俴̨ϵĸٶڵĴ£˿̨Уڶȥ֪ϵˣһ˹ȥ


299 Ӫ
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磬⣬ѵǻˣƵһС
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ң˭ûػһ䣬Ȼ󿴵ӪŸѲߵЩˣ۾һϽŵҪ۹ͣЩ˵ĹǲҲûȥУô
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ҲûȥʱУЩһ¾ƽˡս׳ûȥ϶ǻиĳǡʿ׷ײ²
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뵽ܱǵһʼ
ʵ˵ʱҲͣɨ̨²䣬ǵķӦ
һ۾ж¶ﲻɰͷȻ˵˴ξ֮սͻߣѡΪӪӪʿ䡣˵ȣ۹ʹʹ˼
ܱһǸʲôϷѵǵα߾侩ӪֻǳӪ
˼һֽǱ֮ͨб˼ڴʼкΪһǳ͢ΪǮһ֮еֽҪһ죬ֽһһһǾʦ״޸
ûֽ뷨ǳʵԼģӽڹŻֽó
żʮֽ֤Ҳһֱ顣Ͻһٵˣһ㲽䶼ô롣
ʵʵҲûƣ׼ֻ˴ʼжѣַֽ
ʵ˵֮תߵĽǵĹ󣬵ȳ͢³̺з͡
Ȳҡ·ܱϰԵػش
ʵûǣڵʦͽˡ
΢ӻش
ʥݻعһߵ֮죬ʵ˵ġʥݡдع
ȻһߣλߵľǶѧʿڡ
վߵĽǵλɡ
󲿷ֽӴϲĹȵף޾ɵԼλãﰵűԼĲ̫࣬ЩɶǾ񰡣
󣬱ܱ̲סڵĩ¾һǷĩһˡ
ܱһ˵ȴڰһ٣ֹǿڣȻ˵ϸոսڶʿŵ׿ѡӪǸλȷϺ󱨸ϣѡԱҲѾȷϣλѵûڼʮǰʧô
һñӿ£첻飬ֻڴľñԼˡ
ںȡᣬԸѡβ俪ʼ
ǽŵؿŰ׸˾ĳȻߵӦλýгߣУڡ
󲿷ֱ㵽Ĳͷͦص߳ȥûп̨ϵԼܱһۡ
۾ãڿ۲˰ɡ˾ӪٿһЩãҲڱ߾ʱɣ
ǳУ֮󣬾ͱһǰǼְ񣬼ںδֱϵм˵Ϣ
ǵǼ֮󣬾ͱǰȥԭӪʰ޶ʱ䵽һط
ȶоܵĲ漰ʮ˵飬ȴеɡ
·ǧϸʱУ㼯УڣһСӪӪſںֻΪǧϸûӪв
ִӸӪܵӪ⿿ʦһĿյϣɽӡ
вЩӪĲȻĽ쳣
Ӫͱ߾˭ȥѡԥѡӪ
ĽѡӪͬʱҲڰڴǲҲ᣿
Լǧ˱ѡӪͽˡ
ʣµĲ䶼еʧ˭˭˭ĹͻûԼ࣬ôѡԼûѡϡ
Щˣ׸зһͷֱӾһΣҪ־ͻȥԼܱǾˡ·֣ͣͱҪˡ
ڿѡͷԸϲ裬̨ϺͽǺȲ죬ȥʿ¡
УһڶڣǰսƳȥ
ڲʱǻˣӡַǮȴǷַӾ͸㶨ˡ
Żīľֽһһ߻Ӫ
ֽһõ֣͸оǰĴͨбһ͢˼ģлϵĽȣֻһСֲŻͷȥһ
ȵв䶼õӪڲŰЩǶŻȥ
ЩԶȥתͷԻվˣ㻹óȥӪӪǧӪߣҲȥһ顣
ĩشûһ˿ԹԡԣǸԼŻ˰š


300 
ڲѡνӪĴգӪһǺȻڳһյأդΧ
Ӿʦ˲ˣڿյмһǴ̨ĸڣнţ˵Ͻڡ
ʿ俴źǺ棬еĲ²˵ǻҪӪ۹ͣϾ˷˵Ҫ۹͵Ļô鷳ʱУá˵ⳡôСվˣȻǲܵ顣
۷׷׵ʱϢͨʿһĵϢ
͢˽̷˾˹Ϸרݸܽ컹ʿ䣬зݣղ
ڿؾӪУȻôһϢ¶ֿ˻ڴֵԼȥϷ
ʱңӾʦ߰󳵣˴̨ӵĳء
ڵõ㱨ټڽ
Ϊǳ͢Ѿһ͵³ˣñƽ˵ٶȸϵоʣȴûпʹɵе⡣
Ȼ֪ӱƦڴʲôЦ˵͢ЧʵҲһˣλӦ֪㡣֪λȵĽר̷˾λơ
Щһеʧн̷˾ݣҲһְοɡ
뵽ÿĻѶг͢ţԼ˵Ӧǳ͢Ŷԡôһ룬ǵƽˡ
ڼװϵ仯˵˵ν̷˾ȲǳϷҲǸ裬һµϷ
һˣ⳯͢һЩ۶ӡôδйʽ߾ʵǧӪý̷˾ӪοʣݴδйϷ
ƽܱվһЦűȭڵĩͺϷ֪µϷǸɶ
˵ǽл磬տ˺ͣҪƹϷڸܵ
ôһ˵ϷûɶȤĽҲû˳ޣ⻰絽ɶϷ
ǸԻӪǧԱһϷ԰ڼϣϷһ𿴵һϷ˵վת׼غʣ뵽һ㣬תͷ˵ȣϯȱϯ
ش
еĽһ߻شһ߻ţҲţĲȥ˭ôɵ
Ϸ԰ڴĿյϣ½һЩ죬׼ϿϷǱ˴µػк
մʤ̣ھӪУǵ鶼ܲһЩƽʱ಻֮Ҳдкˡ
ƴӣֲʶһö⻰粻иĸߴغӶһĵһ˵
ǻƴ˵֮ˣһصҵ˭ԭ㣬ѲǸպ˾ƣͷΪϷҲҪʶֲУ
ƴӣɽûͣǧһСȥֵ
ôأСܽǲһƵùľǰɣɶʱƴһأƵùЦŶԲܱ˵Ȼ˹ȥƷ
ƵùСС;͸常սɶĲܱԺкøУԼʱӰӣ˸кøС
һߵܱһ仰ͰѻƵù˹ȥζڱϿʼеģתͷȥˡ
ûеȶãھ͵ˡ
ڽһμڣȻ²ظںȥ硣
ǽȥãԶһʿ䣬ŶȺڵĿյϣҪŵٵĿ볡Ϸ
ȵʱ䳤ˣоͿʼС
ϡǵСʱ򣬹ʱڲпϷӡһգۣʱÿ찡Ƹ̾
磬ǴôǮ껹ϷӡһĽ˵
ǿɲǣĴǸģүĴӡƵһȻش
˻䣬û˵
ҹСӵֵ֪ܶƵ飬֪ڻǸսļ硣
ǣ˵ʽϷɶģǸʲôĶذѺƵ˼˻һ
ûз֣һһֱעǣ¶Ľ顣ڼǰҲôһֵܣȴԶˡԼǰЩ÷˧׷ɱ²ʱ򣬷ɱӣԶԶʧȥֵĿ
ⱲҪɱӼȥֵǡԪаġ
Ȼ˳ˣˡ
Щһ׷̧ͷϷ԰ڿȥȻڴͷһڽ
ֻǷ֣ЩĽ춼ûƽϷ֮ЦݣҲûһ˶Ϸͷ㣬оЩ춼ǱǷǮûɫ
˶ͬģֻҪʱ䣬ʱˣˣܻٵؼͬġ
άֱһڳæȥʾ
ڿЩϴż볡Ϸ¶˷֮ɫʿ䣬а̾һ£Ȼʾ볡
̷˾һݳЭͬں̨ͣطԸǣԭ·ݳģʱֽӵý̷˾׼ϷӣҪȥݳòڽ̷˾Ϸӽ
ҪӪصǣڰתϵݳұ뱣ʱҪʿͬܡ
Эͬæһͷĺ̨ǰʼʿ䣬ʹߴ׼
ȻߵһŮϷߣĵʵ¶
¶̧ͷһЦµģͽū¶ˣūҳӭ¥ʵ
ôУУ͢йõģ·Եɫ
ЭͬٵĻδ꣬һֻж̸Ŀڵŵ㣬ùϳˣ޲Ͳÿ޵ġ
ūҾ¶վһشȻʰ޽ǣȥǰ̨ˡ
Эͬٿ¶ıӰ鳭ԭѫĲҵӭ¥¶һתۣϣôĳĹԺһˡ
ЭͬĬĬף£ȻֿʼæָӺ̨׼һҪĵߵȶ
һֱæϦ£ŵõ֪ͨϢˡ
̨Աһ۵ڸԵλϢû˵
Э֧ͬʹߵ¶ߣֻ۾ˣæתͷëˮһ£¶۾ϡ
תͷ¶ҵĹ̰ǲҪ۾ôĿޣ۾Ϲġ
¶С΢ţԴɳƵɤЦ˵ūҿЩүߣ޲ɱ²ķӦūҾ;һжֵˡ
ɻкüأҵģŵ㡣Эͬе㵣ģǿ
֪Ϸڰݳ̫࣬ϿӰӪȶ˵ͻϷҲݳʱ䡣
ȵ֮󣬾͸һƻˡ뵽ֲһеʼٸ˺Ǳߵ֪Ƿ˳
ʱӽҲϢܵеĿĵ֮һ
ŷǽ˴еĿģںĽ˵£ڴ˴ж˸
ӽ˯ǰţ쿪ʼͲ⼸ո·ôˡҲ֪˰ٴˣ
ţӽͽ硣


301 ȥ·
һ磬׸˾Ӽ
ӽڶǰͷһ߸·һͷ羰
ںʱӽϷ飬ȻϷΪæԭ򣬸ûΡ
ϱ羰Ĳ컹ǺܴģټʱֲûбƻҲû̧ͷܿ죬и顣
ٵǱȽϿģԺҪ·ĻֻҪһ£һʱ䡣ӽָǰĹٵ˵
ү·ôе֣·ֿƽ
ӽҡҡͷ·ڿƽһ꣬·ͲˡҵԺչģضӵ
ںӽĻһ䣬ƨү߼֮ʣߵ·ʵߡеǮĶ㳵ﲻմһࡣʱڣ߻רŵĹ͹Щ˻Ĵ󳵡
ү׸͢ˮ޵·ᱻˮ廵ôŷӽȥˮ೧Ǳ޵ˮ·֮ǰ˵ˮĹЧлᣬͲ廰ʵˡ
ӽͷһԶ·ˣһ߻شǰҲƽԺȫ·ˮޣʱĴʯҲ޼·ֻнͨˣǵŻ
ӽЩ죬֪Ǹ˵㻰ˣһϲæȭ˶лүˡ
ӽһתͷЦŵɶЩǳ͢Ӧ¡һΪ£֮ģ˦ܱ֣϶֪ģ͢Ժб˵Ҫһֵһȸôⲿ˾Ϳ϶ǡ
ӽĻòǺףµ˼Ƕģһ֮£ϲȴǫʳ֮»ԵҾ֮£ӵıݡ
ӽתͷԶѽһЩˣǺǸӣĿһעǱߣһ߻شñݵˣѾˡ͢ҪٲͻøǷëǰ
Χһапȷʵж˼ǵáʳ֮»Ҿ֮¡˸֣һȺı˽ˡ
үôõ٣ö࣬νԱ֮ģںһձеأͳھ
ңһ࣬ܰġӽ˳ڻش
һˣӿڵô㣬үҲǴĹԱô
ŷҲͷԽӣӽ˺ʱȷʵ֡
ӽʱع֪ԼĹ۲ԶĳӶ˵©죬͸Ŀڵ㣬Ȼ㣬ҲǴ˺
˵һָǰĳӵôĳȥʲôģ
ŷ֪˺ںģͿ֧ӣûд𻰡
ں΢Աƫһ㣬ӽӵ赲ǰȻشǰżҿġ
ӽһŶһżҿ⣬һ鳵Ӱɡ߼˵ߣȹȥ
ݡӽһߺȣµǰ˳ȥں
һҵһӣȥ
ŷû취ȥΪȫǲֻôٰ߰׸˲ӿٶȸ·
ǰĳѾ˾ӣѳϵ·ߣ׼֧ȹ
ٽӵʱӽѾһ󳵣ЩװԺΧųſǡ
ӽڿӵʱ򣬾Ϳʼ٣ĳԽǣ˳ӡ
˶ſڱǣе¶ŭԵ񣬿֧֪Ҫ
ӽסͣڵӱߣںӵߣȴѳӶΧһСͷǰеװԺȫ
еͷ죬һ󸹱̼ǰĳӭĻҳ߼ܵӽǰһ۾һ߱ȭĸΧסСĳӣкҪ£
պһ紵ĳˣ̼ȫۣϷЩǸɵһ㶡
ں΢ǰȵϹĹۣλǳ͢˺
̼һԭһλүæҾС۲ʶ̩ɽдԭСû档
ڵΣӽоԼеӰӾ۸˵֣ҲͷЩڣֱֵ̼Ǻˣȥϵʲô
̼ЦشСǶʮԶĺұϣбżҿڵķүĴ߼ռʳСЩȥ
үĸүӽһ׷ʵ
żҿڵķүͯ۵ķүָ̼ϽܵԭΪĴӦö˵
˵˵үƱⶼ˾ʦӦúŶԡ
ȷʵĴӽȷʵ˵ɫԭ
ӽŷռʳҪˡ
ǣֵ̼չʳ֪ô
̼΢еԥ΢ͣ˻˵С˲֪үչʳ׼Сֻ֪ܺãչ۸ָߣǰȥСֻСط֪үںδ
ʵ֪չʳ˵ģżҿһܡֻ֪֧ӵĵϸ˲ʵʵ˵
ӽֱʳ䣬ȻһȰͷˡ̼һ֪ͳ
ӽûбʾ׸˾ȻضΧˣرЩֻǰѱڽµˡ
Щ׸˾ϹսľεɱΧ˽е㲻
ʱŷٰ߰׸˲ˣ¸ӵ˻̿֡
ӽתͷŷǣٳЩװʳĳ£һӵߡȻԼǰǰС
һͳ˰׸֧Ӳܣӽ
Ȱ׸˾ȥԶˣǸֲ̼ŻعȽŴƺվȡ
һһæȥһѡԼү϶ˮʪˡ
ӽߵİ׸˾붼Ƕģ̼ΪйⲢʱڣŵÿֲסˡ
񣬾񣬾Ծ񡭡̼ţ˺һᣬŻָ̬
үղǸүߵĽе졣ֵ̼
죬ʶ˼ǴӾʦѲɻҴӲɡ̼ѵһ䣬ȻسѺʳżҿڶȥ
ںȻ֪Լ㱻ϳһ·֮ӽʵүѣ϶֪ʳ͵ȥġҪҪȥץ
ӽûлͷҡҡãȰʳ͹ȥٵ߽ˣͷܸʳ
ʱȻָǰүǰڱ׷ɱ
ӽһæ̧ͷָķȥ
ֻԶǰٵҲҰм׷Լܿǰһӣ漸ñ׷
еıϣһһģ̫ķ⣬ע⡣
ӽ룬⻹˵ãڹ컯֮£סһӵȥô¡
һһಡһ³˳ȥһСӰ׸ҲϣԶǼ׷˶ȥ


302 ֶ
ӽԾɻǰУһ߹עԶ
ǸߵˣȻ˵ıѺ˹
ӽﲻе棬⽫һô飬ɱô
Ǹ׷ɱǰ棬е㼤ڱ߱˵Щʲô
һЩʱҲ˵Ȼʲô
ߵԽԽǸ׷ɱ˿ӽȻ鼤Ⱦܹ
벢ûסΪ˺߶˻һ޴ˣ˺Ρ
⼸Ҳܵʱ˰סˣѺǻ
ӽǸܹˣԼое죬ֻʵ벻
ܵýˣӽͰס׼ôһ¡
ܵӽǰͨһ¹򵹣Ȼ̧ͷӽ˵˺үȾİɣıǸץˡ
ӽһ⻹˵ãæ̽ͷʵ˭ô£
С˽κǰӪ̭ʱûסİ˾ǵˣ
ӽһϻôһˣֻԼʱıȽͣκûжע⡣
һϺţѹκẰԼԭһ硣
˵ɣ龭ú˵ĵˣӽκ˵
κվжתͷ£׷ɱԼǻҲѾߵǰˡ
ӽ˳κĿһͶЩ˸ˡ
ЩһæҲǹٸˣ˱Ĺ
׸˾ɲ粻磬ֻ˺ֱӳȥǵĿǰ
ӽȻκ֪ĵĽ飬οߵĹٸлɣȻ͸κ
κǻѾˣͰĵظӽ˵龭
ԭκżżҿڵĽģʱغǿ׷ɱ
κ֮µԼ·ģżҿڵĿģ֪ĻͬѾץˡ
һͨϰգżҿķһû˿취
ľУ֪żҿڵرͷһģ;Ԯ
κ˵Ը޶С֮󣬾ʹıܿˣǡ
вţܶ¡ʱפͣ߹ԱѲˡѲ֮ڳչ٣µѲΪ²ֶʱûȷѡ˿š
⻹жʷһԱΪ͢ƶȸƶٻ˾ʦҲС
ܱһԱܱ»ھʦӪشء
ǳֻʣһУزһԱͷѲʹˡ
ľȥǰȨĻУĹӦܹܵżҿرҲһ֣κ
κûҵҲûżҿرѺģһ֮±Ƿԭżҿڰߵˣձӽ׷ɱ档
ӽ󣬰Ȼǹ̹ᣬκһߣ׷ɱѺ
ûϵκʶΪ׵ˣҲңѺӽǰΪһˣòüѿдʵص˺˵˵żҿڷүر˱һǮƣر˲ץǡֵ죬ǮĻк˵ʲô˺棬ȴûʲôƾݣԾðģ˷ǣЭץˡ
һ˵˺ܶ࣬Ȼ󾲴ӽķӦ
ĵżҿڱ׷ɱʱʧˡ
ӽû˵ںȻǰһǸΪ֮˺ȵͷߣʶ˭
ǹͷϸںȻгүþûˣôү˸ˣ
ںһŭȳݵúʹǰǣΪ͢ЧΪٻͬ˺ǰץͨ²֮ǲҪٵˣ顣
˾ؿںӽ鿪ʼԵؾ֮ɫ
û뵽ͷŸɽȻͶ˳͢ôһǵĽƱԵǿЦˡٿүǴصľӶȻб
ӽ֪СץĵЩආһдʵֻһλᡣ
Ϊ׵Ĺͷ߿ӽɨΧǵİ׸󿴿ںһ룬Ҫ˵ɷ¶ںǶٲ֪ȴҡһ˽ٻҪԼ˳λүĻԼһֻһףͶλү
ܴǸǿѡ·ֻһǣͷߴͷӽߵͷүС˹СԸȫУС˴λүȥˡ
˵ӽֻ³һ֣ȴĬϿԷŹǵ˼ùͷϲ⣬æ֪һԶйˡ
ӽüͷں֮ǰ˵ݣȻߵĴ󲿷˶֪żҿڵкͽ²⣬ֻǼװ֪͵Ǻɹ⣬ȻȡǮƣͷơ
ôһҲͨΪʲôܱȥΪͽ²йᣬֻȡżҿ˵ĺôһֻ۱һֻ۶ѡ
ЩСආֱӺͺ˴򽻵Ȼ֪ǵĵϸں͹ͷЩ֤ͬЩ˾ܲˡ
ΪʲôΪʲôһ񣬻׷ɱԭ
ԭ֮ǰĶۺԼĻһżҿڣ飬ͱǵ˶ˡ
¾˰ٴ֪ܶܣżҿطҲ﷭˴˰ʩҩ鷭ˡ
һǵݣ÷һæȥر
Щ鶼ǹܣ˺ôĹԱ͵֪ڳ͢˶飬ͻء
Ľǰץ˶ڣó͢޻ءΪ©ģʱץ˹żҿڵرСֻҪȷû©֮㣬ͻڡ
ӽȹͷߵ˵֮ںɰȻԼŷ
һ֮ߣһʮᣬܷʲôСڳ͢ǰͳͳǸơ
ǣ֧ӾͿʼǶȥ
ͷߵʱںͳܣ¶طΣǰС
֮ǰΪΪرץ͢ˣһգۣͳ˳͢ˣΪץرģÿ죡
˴ԼһʱǾǰ
ǣǺʮԪ¸ǵĻչġܳʮжϡšڳ֮ϣ׳ĳ¥ڳǽĽ֮ϻ˽¥ǽש
̵صıʱʮԹ¡
ǵܿͷԶȥľӣΪ֪͢˺ǰַãԲңȿ֮˻سȥϢ
ûȳڵĹԱϳӭӣӽǾͽš
׸˾Ѹٽӹ˳ţֳˣؾУӳͷŶȥִ˺ĿƳţֻ׼׼ľ
ӽʣµĲǰѲţȳڵĸ·Աݼղ


303 Ѳƶ
׸˾ѸٽӹѲţӽŴõеĹԱ
ûжãڵĹԱ½˹
ſڿ׸˾ʿߣճͰǹһɱڵӣ͸оμտ²Ѻá
Աڣ׸˾˿һվһЩԱʿм߽ڡ
ЩԱŴú󣬿ةλһˣŮ֪ۡ˵˺붼ָʹԼŷǲνǣϽǰݼ
ӽȴֻǰհ֣һߴȥ
ֻһݼʱӽĸ⣬ʵλӦھʦɣôͻˣ
ϴӪʱֽ²ϸнӴӽϵ
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δһƬҵ󺹣󺹣ˡ
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ʲôôçŶ̩ʵġ
ɽʡĺأżҿڸպڽɽЩΪʣʳռԽ࣬ɶ͵Խ࣬ʡݾ͸֣վ͸ҪǻȥˣͻȺһ췴ʱֵæҡǴ˵ǲһô
ڵĽ²һû뻹ôһôɵͷ
ãǾøǼӶټ۾ͼӶٰɡͷٴǱˡƺçŶ̩һ˼Ի̫˵
յһˣ¾ôͨˡͿʼڰܱƺ飬ôĴ÷ķ²ͷһϻġ
󣬷ĳΪ̫ĴƵɹſǰżҿڣǱߵĺϣһߴЩ̸Ͽɶ
˭Ҳ֪ǣΪһ˼ĴԽżҿѾ췭ظı仯


307 ֮ϲ
ӽѲţһߵŸϢķһߺͼһôԸżҿǱߡ
ƣ֪֪ˣս
żҿǱ߶ڵһ֪ӽȴΪںͿ׷ԼͶĹͷߵˣżҿڵĵΡĿڵָơ
ķܾԣǰδеǿӲʩòĿ׷аࡣ
˺ҪûõڸĬϣϵͬ⣬ƾһղôĻת۾ͻᱻʷ
ڵĳڳвûдĿɽǰάܰ˵жգӽȨƶٶ˽⡣ĸղ󳼳Ѳطһǧ񲿶ӣȻھʦǰ׼ôˡ
˭Ҫʱ˺ԣһ³ֻ췴һ;ˡҪ췴Ļ³һ˿ɹĿԣ˷ǲȡ
׷ЩĹٵ뷨Լ࣬˶ʱ˺ŸɣҪʲôģҲʱŻ
ӽȻ֪λôණ󷢾żҿڱԼҪˣеڴı̫˵㣬ڲòҪߵĵطӡ
ɫѽƻ裬ɳ鳭Ҳ˽Ľ֮Ҳ˻رﻹڼƵ㣬˵ȫѺӪУ
ӽһʹǰУ׼ǽһμֱ𣬰ͨ²طֱ
ʱУȫװʿ鲼УϱѺȺУŮٶУղͬ屻һһѡ
Щ̱ץУ˻һһ㶵أôģسץˣǴδ顣
֪϶ǷǳأµĹԱƺܸߣ򲻿⵨
ƽʱԼֵܣظӵľɫѲӣкûףҲܺ¡еװŵЩ»ֱӱѵȥ
żҿڰ˴֮һոպǵլҲץУڡ
Ӿײ󣬿ʼ۲УץˡȻһ׹Ϊʲô͢󶯸ɸԭˣЩץȫʹ
뵽ԭһµڵأȫȻΧ޶ĸһһ˵ʲôףڽˡ
벻ף֮ǰһֱǺúõأͽ²£ʿ䣬ϵѲʵ֪ģȴûи棬ֻȡǮơôһ½ҪϾɱЩٵԺҪҪˣ
벻ףûѲҲûʷܱڣ˭Ҫ
ȻУڷ̧ͷ͸ʿӰ˹ȥ
ֻһ˴ӵһ˽㽫̨ȥ;еʿ䣬ٶ
˾εˣʶˣϵóһۣ˿϶ǳֱ͢ӴӾʦġ
õΣѾǵϵ⣬ֻ׸ˡ
ӽ㽫̨ϵλ󣬷Ըʼ
׷æ´Ѻзһ̨ǰ߹ںͷߵվ̨ϣÿ̨ǰˣϸֱЩˡ
Щ̵ԣ֮˺ܿͱ˳ȻʿѺһߡ
ʱţϦ£Уڴ˻ѣŷˡ
ȻںסһȻָһ˵ץסѺ
ϵʿһǰסͷߵ̨ǰˣȻ̨Ѻ
ӽе棬֪ںϳ˭ˣѵǸķںУ񰡣
ү㣬ǳ͢ˣѺ̨˿ٻεںյĴͷ죬̲סˡ
˵е⣬ص㣬ӽһ²µһûˡ
Ѻ˵ʿӽǰ档
ںûˣӽֵүٰʹԭɶʦԬּͼｨ²ɽӡ
ӽһͷˣ£Ȼ˵ôʽǼˣ
ںͷ¶֮ɫû˵ԼǰĴ£ҲԼӺ˺ܶˡ
ӽںӣ֪룬Ͱοô࣬ѻڹ£˲ٹͣЩ֪֮ˣҲԭġ
ϵһүĻ˼ںԭǳ͢ˣֻǺˮͶ˳͢˹ͣڻˡ
һ˼Ȼ̧ͷӽˣүҲҪֻ͢ҵ
ӽһе㷸ÿں͢ṩ˺ܶǳõ鱨ﳯ͢ץū¾ޡЩͲŻ˳͢⣬õ˰ٻְʲôͣ
׷Աˣںԭ˺ȥˮ¹²֪һǣ²Ӵ˺ץҲںṩ鱨
ӽĻϥмӽһŵүܼٺ̣֪ǵ顣
ӽĵת۵֤˵˻治٣Լ̨Щ˵۵֤𣬹ƻһɡ
뷨һ˲£ҡͷֻ˵Ļںǰǻ˾Ѿ๻ˡ
˲ûһ˿ӣ̲ϵӽдһ˵ңӽص˵үһܿԼ
ӽ̬˵ʰ˵˼ͺܲˬܲԼ˵㡣ҵʱޣٲ˵Ͳ˵ˡ
һӽɫһ飬Լæͷū澸ū澸ū˵
һ֮£˽Գָ˵˳ūԭǹˣǾǧ꣬κ͵šڹﻹһӣֻū֪ڹʲôط
˭Ҳû뵽˻˵ôһӽһ£κڹﻹжӣ
˿Χ˶׼𰸵ˣԥһ¡ӽһѺ˵ʿԼ׷ںʱܿһ¡
׷е㲻Ըߵһߣ˺ӽ
̧ͷ˺˵˾仰˺¶ݡֱڹеӲ٣
Ȼ˲ûбѺȥ̨Щ˶һ𣬶ð׸˾˵Ѻˡ
그֮󣬷İ˴ֻץס˷Ϊã˶żҿ
ǣڶһ磬ŷǴٰ׸˲Ǽලͳ֮⣬ӽ룬ͳǧǰżҿڡ
˵ʵڻǧȥսӽûôĵӣһܿһֱʱƴյġ
ӽЩȥԸˣ׸˾żҿرĸûġǧ˵ľڹٵϣƺƵżҿڶȥ


308 ҪԾ
һرǲмģżҿرȴһΣͽںõһ԰ڣһɽڣԵúء
˼壬ǽڵ£治ա⴦βֻηϵļ͵ɢĻ谵ƹպ˿
ͷץһֻ󡣡һȻϲһη˵е
һֻĺӣդͷ󲢲ϵëٶճţԵúܰ࣬ӡ֨֨š
ݸԣŻȥͷ˰ٴҲһϲ˵
﷭˴ʮˣḻĶۣȫһ鷭ӳȥһģȫû
ץǵѾݣǹٸˣǹ̹ᡣԼĻƾͻᱻɱˡ
˰ٴĻ˵֮ûӦһᣬŴӸڵһηͷô࣬Ƕȥģզ԰
Щ۶ǳӣƽʱԺȲ񵽵طǱϲԴþƺкûܵҰѵզһⰹȴһθĬһᣬŻش˰ٴ
Ҫ㹦ߣҲˡүǵ񣬶ǵڴһҪɡ˰ٴҲѶˣ˵㡣
ǻôһֱûûץǲԣһϣ˵
ǰǶ˺üˣĻûнˣƻܿǡӽһҲһıһϣ
ʱصĵδű򿪣֮սС
һæηڣþӣһƫƧ
ţһ˱ϽΡ
⻹߽һˣŹٲѲŸηż
ûУֻҪǣͿһ𷢲ƣûɵ鷳ߵ˰ٴڵηʱվס˵
һᣬûлӦ͵ӽ⴦ηǿûڰΡ
ǣرӦһʹŰѻԵ˽ȥ
˰ٴԼ֪ϽȥһȻ֮ǰһֱδץģӻѶ
ͬΪٵķϣٸһʱ俼ǣٲӦȥɡżҿر˦һ仰תζȥǡ
ĻҲȥε֮ϡ
˰ٴҪ֪ܺүרΪǶּҪЮҪЮƵĻǲԼЩ˻ôˡ
˰ٴ󣬷ģһ΢ҡһߺģģѡ
Ļڻ״̬ûлӦ
η˰ٴ֪ԭϽġԭڴĴɱǵԸһ𣬾ɥֹ֮ĵ׷׿դġ
͹˰ٴͬһη˺һ棬־١˰ٴвģͽˮĵӦѡ
˰ٴ̧ͷһۣȻһߵͷһ˵ˮҪ˵
־ǰӶ˼գΨһṩһˮͺˣѹûʣɵԼţе㲻˼صˡ
˵꣬Ȼ͵һƣеॡȻ˵а취ˣ˭ĵҲܽ
ηһ
ʱҲ֪־ٵĻػǶģԭѹˡҲˣΪԼȥһϴĻᡣ
˰ٴۣϲ֮æʵģô£ôҲץˣ
ĿǶͷЩ˵ͷ˰ٴʱѶƹֻڹ˰ٴĻ˵ģĹٶһġұĻиˡ
Ŷһӵ˰ٴһʵ
ǣиżҿڵģӵûжԹ˰ٴκ
˰ٴһæʵκأںδ
ηѵǶ˵ĶԻһ˿ϣִĵ
֪ǰҲκһֶδ˵ֻǺǰ˺ʲôϢͲѶˣȻһԾ͵ˡĻŵʱ˰ٴ
ĵĻһֳȥ֪κץκԾͲٱˡ
˰ٴʾ־ģԼ˵һ߿ʼĴϢ
żҿڹȻǱǾӪˮйֻͨзǳ֮ٲһټǡ
ԼЩİһżҿڣͱЩͷ߶ϣ֪ͶѷָƣҲǲòűƹǵжͬ顣
ĵùΪһǲ֪κѶƹĿǰ֪κһͨϰգҲӲǵħצ
˰ٴ˺ǻ֮ǰԼһҪŶȴȫ˶ԷܲҪ˺ǱиôĻŶܻڴϣ
ԼҪϢ滹˺ҵսɳ˰ٴԺ֮࣬͵һƣǾܵһҪԾȡ
˶˰ٴĻ׷׿
˰ٴе
ڡӦһ
ҵȱԾȣֻܼϣԷϵһܾȴҾ;ȴңܾȾԼӣһҪѴ˵ص鱨ȥ˺Ļͱ˺񼴿ɡ
һҪԼ󣬶ﲻɵáһ졣ͷܷٽء
ôͷڶô꣬ѵ֪кֶܶο潵Ǽٽô˰ٴĻ˵棬Ѿһ
·¹ش󣬾ֻԥ


309 ǰ
γع֮⣬Ѿܾûˡ
εʵְҵ䣬ֻżҿرżҶѡ
ϣرɵļҶ⿴Ϣ˯ţرǽȥĴ𰸡
һ˵һܣæӦһȻԿ׾ߡ
һüͷһ壬ȵôˣҲѱϡ
һ㶣ȻЦ͵ˣǶô죬һˣҪʲô飬һָͷǡ
һҲǣô껹û⣬ԼǱסˣķ۲ôԼֻǸդʣ˳ҧԼ
뵽ӡߡһ£ʾ׿š
ڡ֨д򿪣ͷ֮ս谵ĵڡ
ģôڲ¶һˡһ֮սЩ˵ĶС
óǸ۳עˡ
۳̬ת䣬һϲرͼϰҪϢ϶ܸˡԺڶҲˣ͸һ֡
ߵ˰ٴη˵ľ³Ҳʱˣﲻһ仰¶ҿҪһ䣬ش˵Ļٻת۾ͻɿյģ
ܵĻһ䣬ηоû˵һ±úܰƺ˶ڵŹ˰ٴش
ͷ֮ǰðˡջһҲ첻ˣûԸ뵵ͷҲҼˡ
ͷ
ͷ

η۳óЩ˶һϢˡ
˰ٴûϳ˼붷һᣬƵŴվǵİܵҪͬĻʹӦǡ
һĵȻϷװƽصкҪ˵Ҳľͻϱ
һ£ưƺ󡣡˰ٴʹ˵
һⶫ۳ģɫصãҿԴӦ㡣
ҵȼĴټӶɣϾҵȿöۣʱǴĺôҲǷǳġ˰ٴ˵ʱ򣬱ֳһ˿רע
һԭĿģΪ˰ٴһֱӦΪ˵ͷӼۡ
ûȨҪϱг⣬Żһġ΢£ŶԹ˰ٴ˵
ù˰ٴ˵ҲݣϾʱ򶫳ݱЩͨĹöˣԼرݶá˼ҵҪһ㣬Ҳ޿ɺǡ
ãкһǴ𸴡
˰ٴֳ˺ͬʹ̬ȣðܾܻˡ
ãȥ档ܶԹ˰ٴ˵֮󣬴һͬȾߣŸϽߴϢ
ȵȡ˰ٴҪߣæ˵
һΪ˰ٴҪ󣬾ͣסŲת˰ٴ
Ұȥ°°ɣһֱֵط˰ٴ˵ָڵǼη
Ϊ˰ٴʲôҪԭС£ԼѾӦѡ
ǣЦӦ˾䣺ˡ
˵תǸ˹˵ֵ̧ȥϴ󻻸ɾ·
ǡе㲻ԸشӦһȻڰܵš
ڵһжϲҪˡ
˺һᣬû䷵أù˰ٴе㷢
ڶֵʱñŷصİܸײˡ
˰ٴż׼δصźʱĽŲŴ˹
䶼⵹ù£ȴ
˰ٴ´ǣָڵηǼη
˳Ź˰ٴָǼηȻһк߹ȥһߴͳһԿס
ź»谵ηһһǣһ뿿ڽӽηһǽϣԵһϢӡ
ߣ̧ͷ̧ţ̧ȥ׶˵
Ϊɶûȥ̧šҲɣ˸ֱԽȥ̧ˡ
׺Ҷһȼ˽űȥֻðһͷ߹ȥ׼̧ӡ
ڴʱֻ䷢Ķ˶ŵعעηҷһ˿
̧߽ţһȥֱȥץĽš
ʱѾߵࡣ
һֱ۾עһһڼᣬͻȻͶˡ
ֻ͵һţȻһõӥŽֱǸɶµҵϡ
±ͻȻѹûϵϵ˻Сڸһʱһסˣⲻôզأ
žߵϣԴ֮޴ȥʱǶ˲ӣȪүȥˡ
û뵽̧ţȻȥ
֮߳ûٹң˫һ棬תһɨɨ˸յҲס
ͬηһȷʵѾûˣʱƴһŲſȥţô赲ĺ·
ηһֱעߵĶһˣȫעعעŽ
Ҳû뵽һĻȻиķӦʱ䣬ȴҲɨڵء
صʱôˡ
ʱȥΪʲôˡô죬ôҲˤ䵽صʹϷ׼
ǻٸĻᣬ֪˵ϣһϣÿζþȫΪңҲΪԼȡᡣ
һ˵ϣ˫֣ѸеһȦ׵ĲӣȻʼա
˵ʵһȼǶеĴ򶷸֣ԭӽѡγľ񡣶ֻǱ߾еһͨҶȻָֻֻȴҲò˶ʱ䡣
֪Ҫȡʱ䣬Ҳ˲ϢʼϵԿס
ηڵһɹɱ䣬ʱһƬػ˰ٴҲһȻû
ɾʱſںȻһԭʹթͳͳȥɡ
һȥǸղǸܣʱŵεţعϡܵϣԳһ


310 
ſһξ룬³ͻȻֹؿŴűϡ˻谵ֻʣ͵Ƶ⡣
һᣬȻسδţֿ١קýߣüײɺصĴѴϣƾʹҲȫȻá
˶ĬĬؿ裬ûһ˵
ǻϷŪˣòײɱ䣬һ˿ӳϣȴգۼǵϣ
˰ٴ̾˿ǺĶ̫ǺǸܻ̫죬ЩѺ塣
쵰˰Ӵ򰡣ʲôӢۺúүүһֻ֣ʳԡؿڴϣؽкš
ͬηķĬĬϵԿȴסԼֵȻվηֵһһźͿ
û˾⿪Ƕһ٣Ȼػ۵Ҳ̧עſڡ
û˿˵˭˵һ֪Ľ
ţʲô໰ˣû˿Ӧ
أԽԽͣѺľ˳ǰ£˴ϡ
˰ٴ뿪˵ʲôȴֲ֪˵ʲôֺˡ
Ȼһֻ֮񣬡ಡһ´ӵϵȻתԵδţڿš
һʼûĻΪԼĻ롣ôӣֶҡˡ
һ׼Լ壬ӳȥǱ𡣡˰ٴһһҼһ
ΧſڵķۺӽӶҳһţҼһȴּײһԿ׵˻ϵûпּæȥ
ͼԭǵ󲿷˻ҵʱŻˡ
ҲͲ׼Ҽһˣ׼ͷӵصƴƴһһ
û뵽ǣǿˣ̽Σ۾΢УȴûдȺӿ롣ֻһ˽үſˡһ˿ֺã֮һȺ˴ӵһ˽
Ȼ˰ٴ˻û˵òѾȷ˾Ϥޱȵ˺
һʱ֮䣬ڵ˷׷׹ڵأмľֱͶأϷ׷׺үϲóÿ˵
ӽžһżҿڣͱ·
һ·ͳ죬׷ں·ֱӽӹżҿڵķаϾپټһؼܣΧסżҿڣ˵Ȳ߶Ĵڣʼץ󺺼顣
Լɹͷߵ죬Ű׸˾ֱر
رһϤĹͷߴİľڵشûŪô£ֱӾͱ׸˾ˡ
һת۵ʱ䣬رͱ׸˾ռˡȻӽҲûر鷳ֱùͷߴ·Ļǡ
˵ԴϤˣ˺ˣЩرЩϦദĶۣ滹ȹˡ
ˣǵİΣһʱԴӹˡ
ӽĻǶȻͷһģκرѾչǡ
˰ٴ˶ܺ˺ôͻȻѵûȥˮ¹أ߽²ĵˮ¹ˣ֮սսˣȵһѣǺʸӽæӲǱûдӽȴκǽ֪顣
κû֮ƵĶǰվмڰ죬˵һѯʣŴκ֪˻
ˮ¹صʤЩһֱӽߵĻĽѣԼôûأرԼһգˮ¹صĻϻܰ¾ޡ˵ɵˡ
ʱѾ룬κ΢΢һʩͷѾɤλү
ûĻδ䣬ۡһѭһȴڸŻ
ȱôĵ
ѵһµԭһЦЩѾκеĪ
ӽûмć̬ѻصǰ飬żҿرɡ
ɻԺԼɳȥץκĹͷߵˣô˾ӰԼץˣ⵽ô£ѲǸκ˾ˣ
ڱѺãһˣ˵˴żҿرȺˣΪץң
һ»û뵽˾ܺ͵еĶһģԼκ˾ûгԹҪֻκĻش˵ܻɸΪ񲯣ˡ
ӽ⺺𻰣ֱӷԸϳȥʮ˵
ǣү׸˾ʿѸٳɾߡ
һ㶣ôǸү˾ûкүûףѱϳˡ
һᣬ±ϻشãſڵϡƨѾѪ졣̵İ׸˾ʿû飬ʵᡣ
ôҲǸˣеӲſڵϲֻ֪ƣԼڽˣȻһ١
ͷ˽ͨ²Щֱ֮Ӳģү
ӽȴֱӰŵûɢô£ıı֮ԼҪŮҲҪ˼Ϊū澣Ʋûٸĸֵܲͬ켮ǧﰲá
ӽſϵӿʼ˵㲻ҲûϵͷߺںǶ֪Ҫˣүļˡʱ䣬Ŷʱ俼ǡ壬ٸһꡣ
һ׹еЩ۶ֱӳģǴǰվģʱ硣
˶ѾͶȥˣһ¾û˵̡ԼǾŴĶӣﲻԥ
Ҫйʱһ׸˱ӽүָʹڷĳѨֿн²Ƿɱۣ


311 翹
ӽһվ˵н²ãȥ
˵꣬ߵ£׼ȥ
ôһϵɾͻˣ׼йôҪأ
˫ֳŵأŬ̧ߵӽүԸУ˿
ӽһߡвʵûж壬Ϊͨں͹ͷߵˣֻ֪ͨ󰸵ѡ
ڿһͷӣӽתԸһ׸˾ͷĿҸĿڹ¼ҡ
˵֮ﳤȥſĿɿڴﷸйεľ磬Թİɣ
ӽرӹ׸˾ʿݹսݵطɱʿ·ĳѨȥ
ɽֿ̼ʼۼżҿڣ꣬¶óס
ķߣɳײݣĿ̼۳㼣֮ءżҿѸٷչҵ
żҿڵصҵΪֵ඼̣ȫصƷٵضϾ޶̡պ̡ºݱ̡̡岼̡̡ӻ̵ȵȣн̣سƽʱַǷ
ʱȴֵ̼Ǿÿվо䣬ʵʩϡ
ΪжͻȻֶ̼ܶڵʱСǵıΣֻҪҳϣһɺȥ
ִδйľܣ˶еֲ֪̿ʲô飬Ȼʵʩϡ
ӽڽϣųһ׸˾ǰǰ׸Сǰİ׸˲ؽŲ˸
Щ˾ľӣôżҿأһ˿Щʿ䴩ټףԲԭӣɻʵ
̼ϴʶһ˹㡣һ˿Щټ׵ʿð׸˳ǹǹһ˻һء͵ЩĴʯİ׸˾ǲǻھ֮ôôͻȻżҿڣͷѵǴеСɺǶ۰
ôһŹ׸˾˿֧ӵװȻȷǰ׸˾
ǲòˣ͢ѴӮ˾֮սղŹȥλǸСһӿ̨
˻һһ󸹱̼֣ϵǺұһϲƣʵʶǺұŵʶղˣ
λ̼ӽ·ǸʱԼЩ׸˾ΧסʱܵɱǸе¡
ܿӻлعûŪѵñȱ˶֪һʶµ˵ղǳ͢˺λүЩ׸˾һɱżҿЩӿԱȵġ
˺û˵͢ʲôʱ˸˺ˣϵһ˺ʵ
֪ԭ˺ᰡһ˸̾
һΧ
ǣصصǲ֪ʦй˺أ˵·˵̫үƵʥϵġ
вŵأо̾أҲкأһ㣬˶Χ׷ʸͣ
£˾ͰݰԸЩʲô飬ֻҪ㴫ңҴĴκ鶼ʵв
Щ˺󣬶еͻȻ󶯸ɸؽżҿڣΪʲôأ
ûͨͬʱǻ֮͸ԷҪǷǣľͻ鷢չ
Ҳвͬ˵ǲҺľͻżҿڻ˹Ʋ£˵ͻʱ֪λɻδˣ
˵һ˵˸ͷȻָˮӷ
ղ˵˵ͷ˵Щ˳˸İ˴һ⣬Щؾƽʱôģ˵ͻȻؾͽнϣǻ᲻ô
˶ΪȻԵͷͬ
ӽȻ֪;ĵлǵйۣڹͷߵ˴£˳˾ס
ԶͿһŷݷǳۣӽо͵Ͻһǵ׳ơСǡķլӡ
Ϳ׷Ѿӵ˵˺ԹſڵȺˣںҲ
ӽſں󣬸ɴطȻӭ˵ô£
ӽʻȻǵλߵشˣغүںǽʱ򣬷ļҶʼֿѾ˴ţǿСԼŮн²档ȥʾүˡ
ӽĽŲûͣһߣһ޵ץˣں
ںæڡ
ǰ˺ͽ²׵ʱҲн²ֱżҿڵôӽʵ
ǵģү²һʼֻͨɹ˺ͽ̽ףɴԼˣ̴֮ϱں΢ϸؽ¡
վڵľ俴ӽ߹ȥͦ
ӽȻѾλкںѾɫӰӾӰ첻٣վڵľ䶼еǳ죬оλӾʦĺүôڲͬ
ӽȽϹϵ䣬ʵûץ
غүݷй档ϻش
ãھͳɡЩ̵ץΣӽʵ
˳ⷶ鷳ѡش𣬿׷͸ں͡
˵˵Ժ䣬ﲼ˾䣬а׸˾Ҳп׷¡
ӽʱѾúһСƸߵ㶼˹֣һŵĵҲݼϣֻ¾͹
Ժǰ棬ײľСͻҲаڷֹǶŴţЩԺǽǹΧ
ıţֻҪ򣬾Ͳһ㻤Ժ˵һ㱤ܿġ
ӽֱͽ²׽˵ȣеɱۡ


312 пڸ
ӽһ£˾Ϳʼæµˡ
䡱һСͻһֱľƴϡ
žֽһһ洫ҵĽǱȴûҪĵù
ǸùûвҽжãֻһṦ򣬽͸ȻֹǱͬһˡææżöš
漴ڶʼѵȺһߵİ׸˾ǿ׳֮ʿ̧ĸײľָʼײǽ
⡰Сǡʱ򣬹û뵽ܾӹլǽûжҲôʯ֮ǽ
û˷Ӧײǽ͡һȫˣְֳ׸˳ǹľȱһӿ˽ȥ
Ҫ˵е͵ģ˲ٽ֮ͽ
Щ˶ڴһ࣬׼ƺɱ䲻Ժǽһûзð׸˾ع˽ȥ
ԺڵЩ֮ͽȱڴӿȥİ׸˾ʱڷĵֿʼЩ˵࣬γл֮ơ
ƸߵĹ֣һ˳ҰУҲùʼѹơ
ԺеЩ֮ͽͽȺŹ߸Щ͵飬˵ռϷ硣Ͼܱ޵ˣһµˡ
ѵأý²µİ׸˾ͺñɳѵǽˮһ壬ȫɢˣͲһĶ֡
ǰͷİ׸˾ʿóǹרͱ˵Ȳʧȥսʿ׼õ
ʱ䣬Ժһصӣںߺؽۡ
ѹ᷿ѰеС
ӽڵĽԺţһûָ꣬սµ͹ˣүҷʿˣܵʮˣˡ޷ֽ²ͷҪˡ
ӽһվŵںǲǻң
ǵģүֻ֪Ҵڷ鷿پľͲ֪ˡں˫ֱȭشӽ
ʿǰȥѰעȫӽԸ
ںмٴαȭӦһȻžʿ鷿ȥ
ӽеģսѾҪЩʱ䣬Ͳι⡰Сǡˡ
ǣߣתת
뻹ûش𣬿׷һ߹үĩ죬·
ûӽվһֱģе㺦µʱ򣬲˵ô˵ĳˣ
׷һԼ©ˣһϽشⷶլжദԽĩ˲˱ȽϤ
ʵѵⷶլ½ĲɡԽԽϰճƺΪСǡ֪ˡôҲ紦ˣôһֱң˲ԽӦɾܰɣ
ӽҪĿǰγ˴̣˽²ĺڹ鱨Դʱһߡˣ׷Ļԡ
ԭˣǾ·Ĵɡӽɫһů¶һ˿΢ЦԿ׷˵
˺ԼĽˣ׷˿֪˺ǲ׷ǣæǰͷ·ڵظӽ
ӽһһ߿һ𾪷˵ĸУʩУʵһܡ
Ҫ˵ڵĳʵҲûⷶ󣬻ܡ
ӽ²Ǳ׬˲ǮΪһʵ۵ιŷլӣаһȽϣɵ÷̾
ӽˣתӣԸ²ǮȻͨ˼׬Ǯϧξ֮رȲ㣬ɶ֮غ˵ĲƸ˽²֮֡ṩ²췴ʳȱƷ²ͷּۻôҲǷ˻ðķպͽ²ǱΪԭ򡣡
ͷֵ쾡°
ӽʾ¿׷·Ȼ߱ûʲôԡ׷ĹУϺɷΪ׬ǮֶΣͬ棬˴ˣͱ𡣡
˵ǰͷĿ׷κ£ҪһߡԽˣͱܳͷˣˣʿụ̃оˣ˵ߣҪܳͷ
׷æͷԶԶԣү˵öԣĩЩԽߵˣҲʹġ
Ȼӽע⣬ת͵͵ĨºԼͷһȣȻû͢趨ߣŰȻҪһʼʱ򣬾ͻͻһ³ˡ
һʱ翪̫֮桢ʱڣ͢;ԲŹ׷ˡ
ھٹ̰˶£ֻץСˡ
׷ӽųβ֮ͽĻ⣬е֣̿ôתƵ⡣
ȻǰһһϲЦŶӽүǰǷʸůв߲ˮ滨ݡүô죬ɳԵ߲˻ζ
ӽһͶߣȥ
ǣڿ׷£˷ů
Ҫӽʱڳʵ߲ˮ⣬һͨ顣
ʱȴǸж׷ܵǮ˲ŻԸů߲ˡ
ůܴӽһһ߿һЩ߲˹Ϲڵ˵еգͶɶˡ
ЩӽãҪҲֻǱһЩ˶ѡ
ߵͷ֮󣬿׷ָŲ滹һСůүǱǹ͵ĻܣҪҪȥ
ӽԹĻܲûжȤǱ߾תͷ׼ߡ
ȻӽͣסˣȻתѸԽ׷ǸСů
̽źɫСֲǰĵԼȻûָ⼸ֲعЦ
׷붼ӽ⼸ֲǰп׷һƣæƨүȻǷļֲ˵ӺȫΪ⼸̺ɫֲԵʡ
ӽסЦҡҡͷȻпڸˣ


313 
һʵܳԣ
׷һҲ˵үⷬܳԣ
ӽժôѣе᲻áͶ˵ĴǷó
һǺһЦǰǾͺóһÿͱԵ̹
ǵʲôϣӽ΢Цżʵ
еϲĩ
ùô
԰ɣ˵ĩ̫ԣ̫⣬ÿͶҪźö໨ѳɽĻ˵ŵ˺
ãиˣɫķҼǵûһ֣г콷Ĵӽ˵ͣסˣܲ˵콷ĴزɣڵĴûⶫء
Ϳ׷˺˵˵źȻͣסˣое֣Ͷӽ
ǺĴ˵Ŀζ⳯콷ǳȴֲԣǸöġӽǿ֮ǰĻ˵
һϲ棿
ƭôֻĳ콷࣬Ҳ֪ǷŪģȻֻŵͻܶѡӽе㳰Ц֪벻ǵܿİɡ
ʵӽ֪ǣⷬǴӺ⴫һǱߵҲгԹϿζ˲û
ܲ鵽¼飬ĩǮ˸һһר˼㡷ἰ׻ٲͺͷζɫ죬ɹۡ
ɼĩٸǳⷬģⷶȴֻǵͶѡ
뵱Ȼ˺˵Ļ֮׷һֻΪ鼤ѡΧ⼸̳콷ת˼ȦúġСͷѾҪ׸жˡ
һ̰ɣˡͷ͢һ³ⶫвٺôӽһ˵һ룬⳯콷ˣ²϶ûʶͷĥۣװУӦÿֲɫҩȱݡ
ӽҲ֪ⶫֻܳ䲻áҪöˣ˼Ҵʪ˲ס˿ڱǣЧͻˡ
Ž²ԺÿκսҪԤǳۣȻÿζ棬ͬ棬;úܸЦһʱûסЦ˳
һΪ˺ҲǺóˣڼϲĶ˸ˡ
׷ȴаԵһԻĳӡ
̰˺󣬾˺ö࣬׼θӽط
ʱһ׸˾첽˫ֱȭүڰٻѷң滹һصٻѾ׷ȥˡ
ӽһⷶƻˡ
ڷص˭֪صж೤ͨץѶȺܴĿܾǼϣڵں׷ˡ
кζԲߣӽϣѯͿ׷ϣ⡣
׷ӽһȭүģżҿѾȫǽϣǷӲүġ
ǰүҪ֪ڳһصܲ׵ġżҿô󣬷ĵص쵽żҿ֮ĵطܡҲԼĿ
ӽǲûоĶԲߣôҲе΢һ㡣
Ϳ׷ߣȥҡ
ŵʿǰ·ӽ˸鷿ȥ
ǻûе鷿ʱһ׷С΢׷ǣϥ׷ݳ£ǧѹסλԮ
ӽһʿ׷ʲôݳ࣬Ӷѹס
׷Цһ£شӽݳɹŷżҿڹн׵άżҿеԱǵĳǴ
Ŷ˴Ǯ£ھӽϵʱ£湻ģӽüͷһ
ү֪͢Ϊܹɹŷó׵˫ЩĦ˶һȽŴǾ㣬ƽʱͱȽŰ裬˵ʱ۸̼֣ǶǴԱҲǺ۵ģοЩأ
׷û˺󵹿ˮפżҿڵʿʱɹ۸жη
żҿرѹԸʿ䣬ҲԸЩݳࡣģѹƲסʱ򣬾ϻ㱨ֱӰɽ󶪸棬ֵ׷ȥͷˡ
Ĺٿ佫οЩͷ佫ֲԸִҪףУ˵Ĺٵ͢пԼԿ׷˶һֱͷЩݳࡣ
ӽ˽˺һЩ顣ڵʱԴ¶еرû⡣
ȨҵĹң˵̶Դ壬Ҳ˵ȥƽȶԴܿ԰ɡǰ£һ廹ǱסͬˣҲʷıȻ
жʧʷУֻҪɱ޷ȥ֣ȻʧʧˣαҪһŴء߻ǣʹЩطɶС͵һš£˭˭
ȻˣƶߵȻЩ¡ӽΪһˣģڼҲ飬ʹ⡣
Щݳƽʱ߻˵ģóᣬúýǡߣǰͷ·ӽüͷ¶һɷ˵
׷аϲæԶԶԣүӢøһѵǡ
˵꣬ӽڣϽǰͷ·ȳȥˡ
ӽ󣬶һ׸˾ͷĿټ˺
֪ȥܻܿһЩͻˣͰ˰׸˾ǿӽ
£׷ǰͷ·ӽٰ׸¡¡ˮϵĳͻֳȥ


314 Լ
żҿڼˮϣһܴդΧŽǧƥ
ЩǸչ궬һЩùУһЩƷõġ
һŲɹŰסŸյЩôʵİݳࡣ
Ҫʱ˻߳͢ԱЩɹŰЩݳİºּۻۣɽһָǮһǣˡ
ʶȳǮЩݳ࣬ôвӡҪǲôĻǮǣʱǿеһЩµ
ЩǴӴģڰݳӰ£ʱҲѧףӳÿˡ
еǡڸ䣬һλżҿӲ䣬ͷǵͷ֮һľ
ɶŮ湥֮أüǳء˼Ϣġ
һֵڵĲ䣬Ϊ׵ֵĶӶ׹ܡ
ܵϵ򲻹ɶŮ棬ȴ߲ͼ캺ǣ壩Ǩߣܵ˲߾
óɼ˼ĺᣬȴͳ첻סɹŲ壬ʹǽӶͶŮ棬ִӮŮ棬֮ྭƢǨŭˡ
׹Ϊһ̳ˣϵߣ˲֣֮֮˸ڹżҿɢɢġ
˭֪յżҿں󣬸պ˴δйĽϡľЩݳ£˳ͷȶʵʩϵʿ䷢ѡ
ٽڵһУΪͬۼ˲ˣǸպôһ˼ڳͻĳ
һʱ֮䣬ͻͳĵ̸ʡ
ҸҺǴģβܳʲôϣնҵЩɹˡһֶ̼Ե
Լãһòżҿڵ̼ʵ
ЩӵĻֻЩݳ࣬٣ִģľӽϣ˵ԸɹŰںȾƳѡƽʱţҲӵˡǰɣ
ڵ˶ͷƣٻ£ΪԼǳɼ˼
£ǿɹ˶ˣ⼸յġЩմɹŰˣװΣҲɹͷ̼վڴڣָŲԶȺɹ˵
Ѿв̼ѷ㣬˲ҪͷͬĹ۵㡣
ЩݳƽʱѾųǸˣЩɹŹ壬޷졣ǴЩ˰ʿ䣬Ҳô㲻վǻͷβ̼˶ۡ
һ̼е㲻˵Ҳһİɣƣ϶Ҫ飬˵дڡЩɹڽϵʱô֣˵ŭ˴ǿеѹҲһ
ô㲻Ҫģ̼һ̼֣Ƶ
żҿںĽ׵˶һðվͲһѵĳ嶯Χһ˵ļƣ塣
ֱ̼ҲǺ̼һ뷨ֻǿ̼˵ô϶Ϊˣе㲻ޣ˲˵һֿԡ
ȴΧһ壬²͸ѼϼܣӲӦֵ̼ĶԼ
ӻóһȻԹ̨Ǳߺƹģ֤ͷ⡣
ڽڼ䣬ڣҶģ˶ԼĳƹʹֵãͿעѹסɹ˵ģһ壬ɹû취ģһһҶע
ôһͱƹׯˡڵһкáֵ̼ƹǣȻͷ̼֣ӻóһӣɹɡ
Ҳ׷ǮעϴˣĽֻȷǮðײá
һ˶עתֵ̼СӣҪ̫桢ʱڣ䣬ӮأѽСӣǮ࣡
˵껹ҡҡͷ֪СӵӿϧǱʾС̫ܼˡ
˺ܿ˶עƹһͳƣȻֻ̼һѹסɹˡ΢һ㣬ҪĽ࣬æûѹסɹˣһʮûˣ
һЦƹôߣԶ׼ǿɹˡôߣû
һЦһ߿Ǹ̼֣һɵһ
̼֮ǰǺȥôһЦڡһֺ
ҧҧִӻͳһӣƹ
иϵֿ̼̼أƲǮˣڱֵô嶯ͺһˣĻˡ
ǰ̼ȴظһ䣺ǰˣûʶҪҪҪʱƣɡ
ֵ̼ˣƹƹģЩǼǣ˵һ
ƹȻŹŵӣæӹǼϣ˲ˣͼڣԴҵλע˽ǾͿɡ
Ȼֶڴڵһ˵λ͹٣ܷøλãλվ⡣
˵⻰ʱ˸ɫƹ˵ɵðòԩذѵط˳վ˹ȥ
ƹһÿڲţ߿߸ֱֳϵ۵ˣΪ׵ĺǸǧ⼶˵㡣
ɹ˷Χˣ˶ȴһţΧɹ˺ŰЩ˵ʲô
ûйԮװûˣ˰
иˣȥȱˡ֪᲻һ
ڵΪ˶ע˵ûڵĻƷ裬Ϊ˶λ٣ܶ˶վñ裬ߺȱƹʵֱ
ƹ˵ʱеϷŪζһЦ
ֻҵɫֺ˺죬Ҳ˵һֱ濴
˲һĹ򣬾¡¡Զ˹
ԭȿʼС̸ĵϾͲ˵ϸƹ񱨵
ˣΪǸǸʮҵˣףôֻˡǲɣ


315 
ףǸ˧ŵǿλλûȽϿ󡣿ֻλӵλǰ˶󡣡
ʵĸλǸô
ֱżҿڣ˲˶¶˽⡣
ǰʱʱżҿڵǸ׷λƹһעĶһ߻ش
һ˰ʲôãںü˵վһ߹עɫǲÿˡ
ƹعͷЦ£Ȼʵֱɹ˿֧ȥˣںӣȻΧ֮ǰûɶļ󡣡
мӱȽϸߵ˲ƹͷ˵˵еĲ豭ȥ͸ƹ֮ķ϶ۿͻֳ
ˣΪǼ֮⣬ˡ룬ɴ䣬Ǿѵľ񡣲żҿЩɱȵġ
һƹһԮɵе棬иĿЩͶӿ˹ȥ
ЩһųɼУֳֳǹΧɹ˱ƹȥˡˣˣˡҪˣǹûͣǰ
ŵһĻƹذθߣش
ڵӿ˸ˣиȥ֮˺Ȼ˭øλøңҳһӣ
ûѵõĳرǮˣ˭ѵùۿĻأ
ɹˣˣˣ˻ڴˡǸ˧ڶЩΧ˵񲻶԰˧ô޴ǸͷǧˣҲˣ͹ǣ𼷣𼷡
Щڴڵ˿ƹλñЩ˼ˣӰʵֱ׷׳ԣѵģҲǴģһ˼𼷵ƹסƹڴڵλá
ƹһлˡȻǸǧָһɹˣǰݳͷ֮һȻȻгǹǰסɹˣǸɹ˴˳ҪۣǿӴˣǴɹ˰Ŷ˴ɹŰˣһЩɹŹˣϷˣ
һ£ڵ˹ƹĿͷѾͻֳˡǼּȥֻ÷׷Ҫƹٽϸһ㡣
Ҳ˵ʲôֻܽôϸˡƹشǡ
ĳϽӵҲһͷˮԼǶӮûУյֳȥղŵô£Լ׶ӮûС
ʵ鲢ӣӽһֳȷֿ
׸˾ʿɲԵǲɹˣֻ¡
ǱֳЩֱԵɹ˸еԼˣЩµʿ϶ѳǹͱԼ塣ˣûյõҲ˻ȥ
Ȼͷǧӽֳʱӽǧбúۼ
ӽǧô˳סڣ򲻻ҲҪϣ󰡡͸ǧޣԡ
ǧʱʵܲƽƽʱɹ˳ͻЩٵƫ̻ǡ
ھӽϣ˼ɹ˲ˬˣ¡ҼҪִоֲܵɹˣ治ֺã涼˴»治˵ġ
˵۾λղ󳼣ȻٵĶһԡ
ӽϣ۾Χһжɨǧ˭㣿
ǧһ㶣ʹǰٵ·һʱӦЦɹ˽ͣ˫ȥѾԻġ
ӽͷҪʵڶʱǧָһɹ˵Ǹл򻧵İݳͷġ
ӽøɶͷĲ䱳ҴʱľӣҴʿ䣬ǳɼ˼ӽҲô
¡ӽɹһۣȻ
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Ļû˵꣬ͱ׸˾ץ˳Ѻӽǰ
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ԷۣôͻôߡԷһǿӲ鷳
и˷ɿˣһɹŰﱨȥˡ
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ӽͲܣǸǧһ۵Ҫ˵ڶô
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ݳͷľת۱˲ҽУ̼Щɹˡ
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ӽ鵽Щɹ˵Ķге췴ģһɸɱۡ
׷һ΢΢һ˺ģ
ϱȭӦǣү
µİ׸˾ǰ׼ɱ
Ѿųɶеİ׸˾벽ǰ˵Ķһǹбϣҫǹ⣬Ե÷쳣
׸˾ԳɱЩɹ˻æ˺˼Ǹģûƴ
һŻɹ˴ӵһԼʮ߹ǰɹ˷׷ó·һʽغĮ̄Ҫɱˡ
ľߵǰ棬ӭ濴ֵǹ⣬ɵ΢΢һ㶣ȻԽǹ󿴵ϵļˣֻϵһĿλ
ǸݳͷĲҽУľüͷ΢΢һ壬˵ô£Ϊʲôɹˣ
׷˵תͷ˹ˣƹλߵˣû
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ο׷һۺתͷǸ˧˵˼䡣
Ǹ˧˺һۣĿת˻ȥû·ǰèһ㣬ֵע
ľеŭˣôһ죬ڼӲƵһ죬ô˧ˡ
Ҫŭʱ򣬺Ȼһסŭƽߵһ˵ȥѼũ˵Ӳˡ
ȻľǸ˧ĵδɹŴˣôճ
˽ܵƢ֪кϷˡ


316 ׷¼
ɹ˵ĻԻȻѹȥΪƽֱϵѪȻڹȥĻԻУӶܵųͿԿ
ʮŻɹŰߡųɴŮɹŰӣӲߣӵĶ˳ľֱӴɹŰȫ
ɹŰ֮󣬶˸·Ǿˣɢ
ܿϧݳѾһЩĲҽǲϴĶ¡
ʵⰽݳֻΪδɹŴ󺹣˵򹷣ǲӡ
ȥ˧һȥ֮󣬷춼ϣӸ£վǵɹˣơ
ܵüͷһ壬Ըһ䣬һȥɹŰ棬ǣ˶ƥͷ
ɹСܵƥĲǰĹ֮һ
߹ȥıƥȻԼҲɹ˵ĻܣɻƽѪĽһҪűˡ
֮ﰵһȶԣǼ컹Ҫˣﰵ⣬Ŵǰ
˹ĶЩԳֵɹ˿ˡۼæֿߣӭӡ
ôųӽȻܿČ˿ݣЩϲųװƵǷС
ҲˣԼӲų
֪һɹŹ壬Σڣڼ仹Ҵϵľӡ
ҪɹŶ潨²ɱӣ̵ģЩŴĹʣڴĵͷţ̣Բ̡
ӽȻһǣͷת˸ƨɶɹˣԸߵȺżҿھǰ
Щؾ֮ǰɹΧһţȻûɢ֮ǰһֱڿǵǧǸݳ̣ڿʹﰵ֮еţ֪ʹ᲻ᷣǡ
ӽɨЩľˣźûп׸˾һ־֮Ҳ׳꣬Ͽµĺۼëĳϵľƾɣӽһ仰꣬꣬첹ꡣ
ӽﰵ̾һѹɹ˻۸ǡЩӵս˭˭أ
˵һЩģܾĵĻڿЩ䣬֪ΪʲôȻûǸͷ
ӽı߷ֻžӵ۸գܱ
һȦת˻ȥߵĿ׷ľӣǾűľӣ
үĲӲȥ׷ԼȥôĲӹɹ߽ϡ
ʵΪӶԸ߽ϣ㲻ɹ˳ͻԿǧıΣûȨͱˡ
ܹʱ˧ȻתȥΪԼ׼ŭȻּ˧ת˻ﲻɰ˧ջǲҶԼ񰡣
ǰ濪·ǹֵʱ򣬲ߺȣǹʼ
ЩǹȻǵľ䣬ЩʼղҰε򣬾ͣȺܡ
ǰʱǹֺ棬ѹŰݳͷڴƨѾҽֵһЩ
üͷһ壬Ҫ˵ʱǱѾϡ
Ǹǧͷ󺹵ӽϣȻ˵һߡ
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ũɶũùôӽְʿ׷
׷Ц£˶ܵݣ֪ɹŰô˶ܣѹɹš
ӽ˾͵ͷ׷ͻػԷ˴ʵʹз˺
ûȿ׷꣬ӽʹĻֱʶ˵Ҵǵѣֱ˵ɡ
һ㶣ԷǸʵȨĺ£ôֱӺԼԻˣ벻ֻ֮ͨԼ𻰣˵ǵôôִҵˣνͣ
ӽһüëһ˵һ仰ɣԴҪɨҶһԴôҪů˶ѡΪα򣬲˵ɣ
һ㶣ԭʲôʱ˵׻ˣ
ܵһɰŭӽȵɹˣͲǹУǵĻʵ۽
Ǻǣ㡣е˭ҪﶼӽǺһЦֱӶ˻ȥ
㡭һʱ˵ԭƶ񤣬ЩͨԭȡáҲɹŵȱѪģȻܹͣ
˿ݺݵصͲ游ô
ӽһղŻЦһԶܵ㲻˵ҲͰˣһᣬүһ䣬ǸȫɹŲĴô
Ըӽ˼·һ㶣Ȼֻм廹ϸϺôɹŴ󺹡Ϊӣôؼҳ
ǣشӽǵȻˣô˰ɣ
ȥĩɹŲ潨²ɱӣ޶ɴǲǸиӽĻ䡣
һĵˣЩ潨²صĲͶ˽²͸ûйϵǵжԲ壬̵ġҪڸͷϣ̫ԩˡ뵽еڸղŴˡ
Ѿ˵ȥˣڽ͸ʧӣֻõдôô֪Ȼ˵ˣȼ´£ͷ游Իᴦ
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ôܷʵ¿϶ǲ֮ģҲûǴİȥַǼ壬˼վɶŮأ
оҴΪСղ˵ԴҪɨҶһ㡣Ȱ¼죬ԭѪѪӽָŶܣ˵
׷ɫˣүҪһİɣ
ƾЩбôֵЦˣҲһЦڴ߾ʵʵ£ǱʶУǺǰİ׸˾
뿴Ц޼ɵͷӽȻһӣ׸˾̤ǰƵɹ˸ǰ
һŵöܺСǻæ˼ܿǰ׸˾棬ͬʱЦҲȻֹ
ǰмɹ˺ȵ֪ߵغǱ֮ɶ²Σǧ²׼ھʦ˾ۣ¾ޡԴҾʦͷ
Ļһ䣬Щɹ˶ʱѻȸͨɹľҲˡ
ܹһᣬⲻܣôأ


317 ⽻
ľڸͷϵķͰﰵǧ²׼м٣ǰ¾ޡԴǲƭ˵ģ϶Ӯһʤ
ԭƽʱͨй۲켸ɶŮڻ̫Ĵ£һǿһգԭľްԣ۹ɹŵ۹ȥͶ˼ȥͶ
ûڴͻȻһʤ̣ǻعⷵػ˵ǰףľһʱò⡣
ڣӽ
ĩڡϻתӱȭӦ
ɹŶҴսݱܣкաȻˣȫ£Ѻ;ʦ뽨²顣зɱۣ
ĩشȻת׼ж
ӽܴÿɹ˶
һ£ľҲɫˡһʼ˼ɣڰѰȲ潨²صΪΪɹŴ󺹵ɹŹ
ӣͲǿЦġĵ̣պǴϣҹƾǰٳǹҲʰԼûߵĻᡣԼͶܱͶԩ˰
ûľڣѾھʧؽˣȵȣȵȣᣬᰡ
ɹŲԭƣʵӽ˽ģ֪־֮صɹŲѲֵϽ
ӽһϵе飬һΪ˴Щɹ˵棬ڶΪʵʩͳʵõĲ衣
ˣӽĿС
ˣƵľٶѾöΪ棬ŵùǺ
ӽܿʼˣȵк᣿
һӽӻûһֻǶŶЩɹˡ·Щϵ㣬Ŷһȡ
ܿǣԼĻûнһж΢˿΢¶ͷųúæ͵ᣬղżǴˡЩɶŮ棬潨²ɹŲʵѲҸĺҸм嶼д̡
ô˵ЩɹŲֵǵзˣӽɫÿһ㣬Ҳ滺˵
ԶԶԣǵзѡһȥѴ游һİֻعһΪӽĵ⣬ȻҲŵˡ
ӽˣǰ鰴ѶܺĻ˻ȥȻԶ˵ȻˣͲֵĴˡҴΪУһҪۡҴߣԶЩɹŲˣɶ²Ҳˣǿźˡϻ͵ǲè
һȥһﰵһǱ²ȺͶȥɹСߵڵĲ߾ȥұ˵鷳
úãǾɴȥַǺˣһҪһɫֺõػص
ľ˰ҡͷôһ˵͵ȥɹŲ壬ֵ֡ôһɹֻΪֵ䵱ɹŵĴ󺹣ԺֵĲͻ١
ղűү˵һ䣬ԴҪůǲǴѣûɣӽϺȻЦݣŶ˵
һͷǣǵȻˣǰЩҸ²ء
ǾͺãҴʵѾżҿںɹѵĻУƷ֮⣬еƷţģԶڡ⻹żҿڵʦĵ·޽佫ܵ꼾Ӱ죬һ굽ͷܽóס
ӽ⻰һڣ֮⣬˵ȶΪԾ
һֱԭͲԭ֮óףԴƲԭķչЩУǼξ¡ͨսȡõġ
ӽ⻰һڣ˵˸ת䡣żҿڣɹŶһ¡
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һԼ˵ǰ̳кλøȥˡ
ţ˷ȫȻ˸ղŶų亹ֺõضӽ֪ɹкҪһٳɡ
ľüͷһ壬Ǹ£ȲԷô죿
ͷ˻ǽģҪ㡣ӽһ˵һѰ׸˾ڻǹŶԷеӰա
˵㣿ܴǰ˼
һ׵ıǴѡ
ԶԶԣǾǴѡһø⣬æ̬
ڶǰżҿڽ׵κˣһĶȸ͢Ҳ˵κλﶼҪ˰Ϊʮ˰һݲͬĻƷٽ˰ʡȡݳ࣬ɳ͢˹Ͻ
ֻŰеĹԼּۻʧȥᣬˣӽһ˵Ӧ
ûûпڣľ̲סˣȿڵǰ˰һ˵ΪҪǵ˰⻹̰ɹô
ǰʱɹŲףɹԼܣɴʡ
ڲҪȡݳ࣬Ҫ˰ľúܲˬ
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ҲòݣֱʵǺˣ
ܺܲľ̸Ϊػ⣬ľľӲ֮һ
ӽԭʷУľҲһ۹ˡһĩͶ˻ֵ̫˵Ͷ˻̫ɱ潨²սۣΪĲӽ²ʹ˲ٵĺô
ӽû˵˲⡣Ȼˣӽ͸ǽ͵Ϊ˸ɹѵУ·ЩҪѲӵġҴ˵£ɽЩֲϣճɲãҪӵĵطҲ١ɹٻɹѵϣν֮еô̰ɹأ
ӽ˵֮󣬿ľӣ˵ȻɹһҪ̰ĻҿҴʵȡС
ǲƽȵĶԻΪûлУԭȴ벻С
ܱһݰû£Сˡӽ˵еҪԼҲ϶᲻ȥԷ£ӽĻյ˰ӦõģӦõģ
ľ޳˴˰ľٶһŭ
һٳɴ£ԼٷԵĻ±ܵϣǸ鷳
ʮ˰һ˰ߣǿԳܵġ
ˣľû磬Ĭˡ
ӽԷͷ춼ٷԣﻹǱȽϸ˵ģͶԶ˵ˣ鷳λֵͨɹ壬ӭɹѣҲԵ
ɹǿʢĻ¾Ͳô˵˵ˣɳʹʽʹ
ڵɹţһɢɳϵɹŴ󺹣ԼĶǡ⽻ҲһΡ
ܲûΪʲôףû⣬ģһ游
ӽ˺ϵ˵ȻѷǵУղųײŹҴϾӵ¾ˡˣ߰ɡ


318 
ԭͲںˣӽʾɹ˹ȥ̧Ȼӽģһȥϼӹ̣ܽøƻɹŵꡣ
ӽŶ̨ܵʺϤкȻһ˶ܵͷϡ΢һ˼ܴͷβı֣ͺͺٺ˵вֻ࣬ԼǿƵһ
ĺǷпһٴαľ⣬Դʵ۵ľ⡣ľ룬Žһ˽飬ĹϵԱ⼴Ϊȡ档
һҲǳ롣
ӽհ֣Ȼ˵żҿѲ²Լͨ²ﷸϣϡʱ䣬Ϊλͺˡ
ܺľΪʲôٽϵԭƻ湻ġ
ȻشӽҲңһϣŴץж
ЩﷸݣҪܻѲ顣ӽһ˵
û⣬û⡣ܵڹ˼ôøջõϢôȥ򸸺ȡԼ棬ӽСҪ붼û룬ʹӦˡ
׷ͷβﰵԼʹ˧һʼͲ´˺ĿģղŵϢʵ̫ˣøϽ˧ܾ
ӽ֪׷ڴʲô⣬˵ʱɹŰȻٽˮӵһɹŰеر
ɹŰˮеԶúˮˡɹŰȴٺӶͽһٺӵ˹ߵϣҪٹƬߵذɡ
ӽָǸɹŰʵǸɹŰ˭ģ
ܲȥһݳ졣
Ǹݳ˳ӽָķ£ȻشӱǸɹŰһշ˵ģż㡣
ӽһæʵǷ
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ӽ϶𰸺󣬶ȥ
Ӧһ˫һɹŰȥ
ǰɹ˻æɢóһ·
ȥʱһͷɹŰǱ¶뿪ߡ
׷ӽûжλøպܿϣǴϼ˽봬գֻʧڴϡ
뱾е㾪ôܳһҴˣʱ׷ľ΢΢һȻ͵һٳ˹ȥ
һְ׸˱ӽ£Ҳ첽ǰȥ֧Ԯǵָʹ
Ǵߴһ¶ͷһһ񱼶һ˻ȥ
쵽ʱһˡǰԴ͹⻬ͺëһĲϡ
ɶŮ档Թ۵ɹвپ
ӽѾΧȥʱ̧ͷһǸ²ֳһѴ󹭣ЦŴ롣
̫ԶӽͰﲻʲôæֻôѵСķż
ܺľǽ²˽ľ񱼶ȥ죬Ҫ㡣
뵽Ҫôˣ֪Ǹ᲻Ǩŭǣ˵Ѳ˽²һת۾ͿܴѷǵбΪǵзѣǰ˵һоͶˡ
ѿǰϳһ²ǽ²Ķժ˹ϵǹ
ʵ̫²һţ֮ƾŶĹǹǰһһ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ļ֧ͱһߡ
˽ľϣ²һΪɡȴеһ첦дһһ
ûٸᣬ֧ǹ
ֻǹһ磬˲˽²Ķӣѽ²˴ߵľϡ
Ľ²һʱδ˹һ߲ҽһŬȥǹ˼Σǹȴ˿
ͷ²زҽУ˴ˡܿһˣӣҲһ²
ͬ鱻ǰɫ䣬æ̧ͷ򰶱߿ȥȴһȻǰֱװ˹ȥ
ԭͶǹѽߡӸ·ִ밶һɶľ룬Ȼϲˡ
û룬һҧͣ߿٣ǸߵԾȥ
һƥڿնԾڿУϵͬʱ𣬴鵶֡ϵĿҫ⣬ȫɹΣƴѧֻ֮սϣͽս
һĻ˶ˣӡǵԺСܶԴΪĻ滭ڲõĴΪСҲΪ˴ı꿡ܵż
ľҲǱ𺳵ˣһ³ǰӡų
ʶʵȱ¸սˣúˣ°ֻһˣҲһµ֡
һ̣ĺȻûͶ̫뷨Ϊ˿ٵŮܺʹʤ
Ǹһ仰û˵֮ǰֻڴѵʱŮ滹ܼڶô
벢֪ԼѾõȫעս䴬ϵһ˲䡣
ս٣Ծ˴ϣֱײ˸ճյĽ²ϣһ˴档
սصһ˲ǰһ˹ԣվᵶҳһŵĴﴳ
׸˾ʿʱҲϵ˰ߣһɹŰȥһЩɹĿɿڴ顣
ֻɱһط׷ûǺˮǳ
·ݵˮл䣬ЩʿһԥûУˣ
ɹ˲פԹۣ׷׸ȥܵȥ
ӽһ֮Ҳܵģ֪᲻Ӿ
ģӱ߸ϵĶʱֱӷԸ˸ϽȥЩˮáȻûٹֱӹȥˡ
һ㶣֪˵ʲô˼һѵ˵ˮõġ
ŶԭŸȥ׹󣬾üʶһ΢գͶȥˮ
ʶ˿ûӽֱȥ£ǲǲ׵ҲɹǿΪ˼Ǳʶðɡ
ӽܵһȥİ׸˾븡ˮУǴιȥ
ϸؿ£ŻȻԭ׸˾ϴټ׻оµĹܡڡ塷濴ټ׶ɺӵŶΣûسǰ
սӴһͷ˳ȥûд󰭣ǰ涼ˮڴͷת
ͷԭһڿնʱѾŵȥˣͻͣˮ档
ھʹﻹжвҽŮ˵ļȵȡ
ΪûпӰӽе㵣ġ
лү֮һϤӽ
ӽתͷһȻںʪصϥأȭ
ôˮˣ֮Ӻ˵𣿡ӽΪʵ


319 ֮
ӵص׷ûס˵صڣȻصˮҪǺүһҵصڣµ˶ڵصˡ
ںӽ˵ʱ򣬺е£ص̫ˣСص겻תܻԭڣҲǲܵ£˲㶼
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ʱɹŰѾ½ʪ͸İ׸˾ʿ䣬ЩǸںӵص׷ġ
һɹŰҲ׷ӽ
ܸոӽɹŰﲻϵ䣬еܾȡ
ӽȻΪǿû䷢ΪһǱůС
ߣӽ㿴ҵţܷæ£
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һ󣬸Ͻ̬ǱҲ˻𣬻սˮȥǱߺˡ
˵̬ӽ⣬Ц˵ãһףͲƴˡںֵǶȥɡ
ǣںѾ鵽龰֪ܲˣʹŴӵصİ׸˾ʿֱ˲ͬɹŰȥȡů
ӽɹԼ¹ȥȻЦŶԶܺľԭһŻ˾һߣҾһɡǸղˣԺʲôҪҴкܰһ
ܵʱЦ˻ôһ¾ͻһŵ˵ԺڲԭẹλҪλİ
лС£ӦõģӦõġ
ľȻȶܳȲ٣ܵõʵȨĺһŵҲһϲ֮£ԼȥͶʶɶŮǿˡˣľٴͶ²˼һĹעŴ
ӽû˵ٻΪעϵս
תӿȥʱ򣬷ˮеİ׸˾ʿѾ½ϴˡ
ûǳգʹͳһˣǵָʹ롣
֮ǰеĵѾصʣҲѪȷԸ¼仰򰶱ߵӽ˵ү²һץ
ӽ˴ϲããЩذɡ
ϵİ׸˾ʿм˴գ⼸ֱóǹŸͣѴŻذߡ
ߵİ׸˾ʿҲ׷ˮеͬгǹ˫ĳǹһǹϵĵ͹һȻ󰶱ߵʿȴ죬ص˰ߡ
ӽǰŰ׸˾ĳǹڷɽԽ룬û컹ˮˣһѶ๦ܵİ׸ǹȺɶʿöˡ
˰֮½׸˾ʿѺ˳
źӶ棬⻹²һײˡһʱ򣬲һ㽨²
ӽɫ֪ԼһķûʲôȤȹ״󣬾ʦİĲ
Ǻˣڽ²Ǳ߾ںְӽϾӸµǸû˵Ľ²
⽨²һԣֻŭĿӽ
ү²ӽ
ӽһƲĵżҿڸó׵ôܲȴװͬǣµŬҰƤǰǴһūжߣڵĻ̫˵Ǹӣ˵ֱ˵Ẻˡ
ƨ⽨²һǵͨ죬ӽ˸ֿڡ
ǺǣȻöΪβ˵ѵݣӣҲԡӽ·˿û⽨²Ĵֻ
²ͷһ˴ʹϣͨŮ桢֡⺺˵ġ
ӽһû֣ûȤӻֱ֣ð׸˾ʿѺȥˡ
ʵӽû֣˵ֶӽ϶ġϣֶǿĴ֮һĺᡣ
ˣںżҿڰ˴ȫץ
ӽѵߵĿ׷ϣձӪ
Ȼתܺľһֵ黹еæٻᡣ
ܺľӽɹӪأȻͼɴػȥˡ
ӽĻ£ǰżҿر
ľͬʱʼۼӻӪ
ӽߵһʱȻгһˡ
ۼֿ죬ΪǸֱ̿ͣժǹ֣ӽǰ
˭֪ʱˡͨһ¹ڵء
ӽ󿴵һĻĵֺӰӾ·ԩڰɡ
ϧϴˣֻͦӽ˵䣬Ϊճ˿֮ܲһݡ˵Ͱȥ
һԭ˲Ǵ̿͡˰ݵ˺Ͳ㵲ӽǰˡǣ΢ó˵طȻǹˡ
нİ׸˾ѾΧͬʱ˺ĵſڴв˼ſûеӳ
ӽ׹ܹɹ۸ղſԼɹǱߵ¶Բų˵
ӽʵͦ˵뷨ʷУÿ˳ͻ˺ǹˣ˹˵ĸ顣
ӽÿο飬ͲΪ֮̾
·ңĿӽ¶Ӯʮӣ֮¾ͳˡ
ɣжϥлƽ𡣴ĹԱΪⱾǷ֮¡ӽҺͰ˵
վȻе㲻֪վǡӽЦЦˡ
Ⱦһ߹⣬ӿ˳Χң˵
ȴûлӦǣӽԶȥķصԱΪⱾǷ֮£
ƹĶȽϼ⣬ɶ˵ˣмˣ֪λүλǺùٰ
ӽϵضɹǿӲɹ˸ʹõƹ˴ӮҡһãϾͲЩһؿӽѵá
˵ӽصر󣬸¼رɵĿڹ
ӽеǣɵĿڹзΪ²ʵֿܲڡҹ״дĴʣӽ÷ˡ
ӽһ˼дһ£˿˰ӼʦżҿڷһС
Լżҿڣһ೭õĲﻹͳƣһ棬ø߾
ʵյӽʱЦøպ̷жΪԾ
֪˺ִʲôϢóʵ˿˼ʵ۵ǣЦô޼ɵ
ʵЦ˺󣬲Ÿ˵ضжʦָ׬һӰ޿жʱ䲻ÿǮ¶ˣ
жæϲ£ϲ¡
ʵ̹ȻжĹϲȻκڹﻹһӣ޾Ȼһ㶼ûȥ


320 ʿ֮
ʵ˵ӽµݸжȻԼϵ顣
жϽ£ڹĳȻ˼ֵһǧĲƸʱˡ
֮ǰϲʵ۵ʱ򣬴˳ųʵ۵˼ѡûһǧô࣬ǴĲ밡
ж˷ܵʵٴιϲ£һǧū¸˵е㲻֪˵ʲôˣ
ʵۿЦж򶨵ҡҡֵ̫ļˣٽ¿ͷںء
жЦ˲ϣ鱣ֲ˺һᣬһǧСͷ˺ôǮ
ʴжĵð¿£һꡣ
˴̵ĲƸǴ꿪ʼۡôʱ䣬˽⣬ͨɱͷ׻˵ԽߣԽߣǻĲƸ֪ж١
ʱһ仰˵˺𣬸˼졣ڿνǳ˰˴̣˳
ʵۿжſ᲻šû룬ж֮󣬴һᣬȻۡһ˳
ʵˣⲻǺôզſˣǰ˴дݰɣ
뵽ʱе㲻ˣж飬Ϊʲôˣ
жϥһֱӹϵ£ūǸ˵ؿޣū澿ű±ЩĳƵðѹǮõ͢۵˹Ľ󣬱ԼŴ򲹶·ûеİڱǮˣū澿°ϧԼ塣
ж˵꣬ͷֱȥĨᡣ
ʵˣҲһпܿعͰضжɣǸ˵¶ͱˡ
ж֮󣬳ʵ˵ǮɴǮĵطкܶࡣʦ˵Ҫ˴áиص̵֣ķõȵȣǻǮˮĵط⼸ûǮ֮࣬ЩǮҪʡòС޿ûϵҪԺȥڣû𢣬Ҫ˴
жһ֪ʵָ˺˵ɽڻжʧ顣
£ֹֻһжʵ˵˱£ǰ֮ūߵл¡
ʵۿֹڵϵжȻӽ¶һ˿˼жлͲҪ˵ˣôƹܶǶԴΡеЩ飬ԭӦǶͽ켩ġ޲֪ҪʦûĻǷܰ޷Щ顣
жһ½Ӳƨûĺáϰӷȥūûã𷣡
ɣֻ˵˵ѣԺһҪ¡ʵ۲û׷ε˼ֻ뵽㣬жѡ
ūһú¡жٴα̬վ
ȥѲϺ޻㱨
ж֮󣬳ʵȥڸ׸ʴ˹
ʱҶæʵۿɫеƣͷܺáҲһˣۻ˾Ͳáһ̸ʰӣ顣
ϣ޾վͿʼ֮սҲչڸ׼ôˣ
һųʵʵ£˺ǱϢˣ
ǵģ޲ˣȿʦ°ɡʵ˵꣬Ը̰жŻתʡ
ʿϣҲжһվЦʵ۹ϲƣȻ˵££Ƚ鶼ѰףֻǶԭӦѡδжۡ
ʵ˸е֣ԭȴ£ڸ޶ͨˣôӦѡξ˿ѡ
ʵС£Ϊλδжۣ
ʵüͷ΢ʵ۽͵£Ӧѡ֮ǰز֮һ֪ΪƷļݱɽ˾£۹㹻š
˵һ£ûһ˵ꡣ
ʵ֮ǰöӦѡҲǲˣɺظ֮صĶԱȣرǺƽĶԱȣžûӦ
ΪƽͶ±²ǣһжҪӷؽȵȶһԳܵĿ
Ӧѡʱһְʱ䣬ȴܰСسǼסǲ˵ģȥĵ˵֮صʧͲôˡ
ʵۼеԥӣͿοлֱ˵
վسʵ۵ڸΪӦѡϾֻһˣԽǶ̫ˡҪεĻʿںεأ
˭˼㻹ڸˣʵ۵ɫ
ʳĬһᣬŻشڸȫԱ˼
ʵ˺󣬾ͳĬˣڶʱһƬ
ͨԣоˣѾȡιʸȻһ˵ֻܳελϵ͵ĵططѧ١ŽʿӣĩɾΪ;Ϊѡ
˳ĹʿĹԱӣԴǼҳ㷹ҲΪˣĶ˶ƴϰʮڿģ˽ʿŰݡ
ڵڸԱȫǽʿҲǡ
ϣӦûӦѡɡʿһصģҲԽΡϾƾƶȣǹߡʵջȴ˳ĬʵĳƺҲĻˡϡơ
ûлӦֻĬĬؿųʵۣԳһ˿Ϊѡ
֮ذٷϴˣһжؽ²ȴ֪ʲôʱ򻹻֣޲ӹؾ֮أʧ𣬴ܲôʵۼĵȡʣҪڸ׸֧֡
ʵһжףڸٴӦѡʱȴ⵽Ϊ׵ڸ󸨳һ·ԣԼʦǮ
ԼҲǽʿһԱ˾˺󿼽ʿļҲģûټ֡
ϣ㻹ǵʦϵǷͼô֮ʱȴĴʴԴʱҴ
ͼϸԼĿǰĴѭؾɣѭ浸أͰ£Լ֮꣬Ҳܿˡ
뵽񣬶Գʵ۵ѣϳħˡ
˵ʵһôǲ󵳣Ǹ³ڽʿĹϵ֮ಢǺܿء
ʵۼʱԼ˵˿Ȼϸ˵ʱڸ
Ѿת˼·ȻͲٱʵȫ˵˵ʱڸ
ķӦǼң֮ˣʵҲйءΪ˽ʿٳ棬߱һͷʱҪǾ˶ܵø߹٣ô˭ںʿʿء
ʷϣӦѡڵ˼ݱɽ˾֮ҲǱʱ׸ʹֱѲʷѧ˳ѲӦѡкϸƹԶΪ֮ԩջݸ
ʿִΪ߹ٵ¶ֻһ˵̬ȣǴٳһǱ
ʵʷŴگ˲ţȻʿȴйǣӦ޼
һӾֲڣˣٸţӦ
Ȱ¼ѣʵͣɽֱӾܾˣɾֻǾˣͽʿȥ٣»ᱻ°ӣͬ粻ɽµĺá
һѧ֮ʿأҲԸԾʿ£һǽʿߵξؾ͸֪ˡ
ɼĩʱ򣬽ʿȺϵеĶصλ൱ˡ
ڸ˼ôڸʿȺȱڡ


321 ǧӪĿ
Ŵ嵱ʱ̬ǾԲͬӦѡٴαΡ
ǣʸ˳ʵһ£ĿǰײȱЩǺʾ˵һЩְλǰнԡϾԣɱն֡ڸѧʿǰָ֡ǰȥһҲǹڸһ
ʵÿԣһһֲټʿѡΪ٣պÿ²Ŀհס
ˣͷͬʵĽ顣
˭Ҳ֪ʷȥ˽ϣָ͢ǳ鷳
ҿӽ֮ǰйǿжһֱڶţղûݱʷϵľ档
ʽָʵ۽˽˼·ȥ˽°ݷʦͳһڸǿͨӦⲻˡ
ʵ۲òҪ˵ڸӦѡƽѲƽϽķؽǳּĻӦѡּԱҲܾܿܲϣֻŪɳ׾
֮󣬳ʵִگһ֮¡
ڶ峿ʦӪغȻ˴Ķ
һӶӵʿжӿӪأǰ׸˾ʱУ
ϴβһǣ˴γӪʿ䶼䣬еĲν½ȫ汾ж
жϺ󣬸ϵ·ܱҲǰУǲûϵ㽫̨ϣվڵ㽫̨̨ߡ
ǰƣ춯СվĺƵ磬ƺȵѡʱĸ󡣡
˵СѲ߱ͬ˵£ʱҪͶץĻһӵ飬˵
ֳ䶼ã϶ǺϴεĲѡһѡνӪǧӪϰٷ֮ٻ١
ˣ󲿷ľ񶼴⼸ӵķŭлָ¶˷ܵ顣
ûϴŹ˲ʱʵ۾ˡϴųҪǣȫڸ󸨳ݶ
ǲףǺܴĵ㽫̨ǸϺڸ󸨳׼ģЩܱ½ٶվͲˡ
ֻЩ䲻׵ǣǲ̫¡ˣ
Խ¡أǾԽǽţоѡǧӪֻǰ֮ǰ۹Ͷѡ
ʱУôˣȴֻܰз紵ĵءо˿֪⼸Ҫ´ˡ
꣬꣬ꡣӪڵʣಽ䶼̲ס棬¬׳Ѳӵļ϶ʱУ
ʵۿ̨ǰ⼸ˣ΢΢е̾޸õĴȴκβɶ²
עʵͷʾʼ
ǣߵ̨ǰʵһȻ䣬ʼ˵²ԳʮƵɹţЭͬɹŲһִ֮ءڽµʱڣ֮ʧء
ʵȻ󣬵רŵĴ󺺽˲˵
ЩӪݳĻ磬ǶѾˡ²ɹӺüı磬ھ֮Ǿ֮صʧͳƣ
ǶǾˣһѪڴ̵ʱΪ˲ǿȡᣬɱ˶еġ
ͬʱҲˣҲиĸֵܣڳԱ㡢ۿʱ򣬱رݣĵͬģ޲ͬ黰бǵˣ޺Щס
Ȼ϶һС˸ûоеһ⻹ǱȽ٣ϾĶⳤġ
ڣʱһݣһһرţһһı⣬ƽǵĲ״ɵöԽ²ķ޺һ㣬ŭؿʼڻš
˵֮ؿǰ⼸һۣȻתӣʵһ˻Լλá
ʵһȻվߵ̨ǰע⼸
̨µһʵߵ̨ǰһžˣһҶ²õӡ
ǳ͢ľտմ֮˲ܵ˵ǳ͢е֮򣬵֮Ҳˣ޶Ǽں֮ã伸ڲȴҲϧ
ʵ˵ʱɫϾе䣬һ͵˼
ڲĴڣƽʱڲҲԽеġʵĻ֮ųʵ۵˵ȴее̶
ν²Яɹߵأʹ֮ʧأǸ˵ˡ֮࣬ʹ޼ںôأ֮սǧƣ֮Ľ²ôܶӣҪѺŲӺǼˡ
һֱųʵ۵ĽĿѰܱԼĻᡣʱʵ۵ĻĵȻˡ
ȻվǰĹνگϥأĩܣϽ
Ǹˣһ֮£ϸŵϥأҵܣϽ
һ˴ͷܱԸԸ⣬׷ѧϥر̬
һʱ֮䣬ʱУ䶼ˣվ̨ǰĲν佫Ҳòתʵ۹ȥ
һܹעأʵѭȥϵʦƼĲگﰵס
ϻǱֳʹصǴŶ֪Ҫ齨ǧӪֱѡӪǲʧƽ֮١ˣҪеˣָ˹ͣ޸ǵĴڲ֮֮
˵ˣʾ£ĩҲЧ
Ư˶˵ܱҲ׷ױ̬ʱǷ˵ˣŴ˧ڱݡ
ʵۿЩܱеᡣЩܱͳ޷ֹ˱档
Ϊ˺ľ־֮صĽ²˴ۣʦͷū׼һ֤ǡ
ʵ˵ͣסˡɨһ鵥ϥصЩ䣬Ȼ˵־֮صĻһûܵͷ˴Ĳɱ˴ˣȻȥˡ˺о仰˵úãҴߣԶ޺仰ܰô
һԭҪԶɹŲ壬û⣬ֻҪǶɶ²ǶЩǸõɹˣƵġ
ʱУϿһԸΪЧ
ʵﰵԱ£Ȼ˵Ǵֲϣս²ϣ͢ĿǰûԶɹвܲԳΣˣڸǵ֮ʿЧ󽫾ȥûкڣ¾ͻϮɹš
һ£ղŻű̬Ľʿһɵˡִ򷨣ȥ޻صĴ򷨡ɹʡкܶᵼȥ޻ء̣ɻľֹעһĴ򷨡
߼ǣôȥðգһӶƿԣ
ֻҪǧʿձҴʤ֮󣬲˲нǧӪʵ˵֮߻Լ¿ŵЩķӦ
ʱУĵأû˷ÿ˶ڽŵ˼ţϾⲻǶϷ
ʵҲǳˣȻ뿴һ˵վ֪ڳʵĵصš
ϵأһվһСվС


322 齨Զ
ԪҪΪԴ˧ΪȥֵǱԸúԶ
ȫĿһȫ˹ȥվԪڶ⣬ͦصվǡ
ʵۿԶǸվ䣬Ȼ˵ʲôܿǴ־
ʱ㽫̨ǰҲȻվһˣǫ̃̄ϵǳĩԸΪǣ
ʵ۵Ŀ⿴˻ǲگͷΪνΪս
ϥϣ˿ʼ½վɹŵĹ¾ͻϮսٿڵ㽫̨ϵĳʵۺڸ󸨳γ¡أΪ̨ϵĴﶼǳεĶսȻΣգ¹ͶصĻڹһһҪ̫ˡ󣬲죬ƴˡ
¶ĺ󣬺ԥվ
Ϊ˲һѸ˲ֻһЩ󸻹Увվ
ƴӳĸ̵ʳ֮»Ҿ֮¡֮ǰ˳ʵ۵Ļжģֵĸδվ
ֲܲνվȻһ򿴲ĺվˣƽбˣТȫΨоˡһ˵ֻҪù飬˲УǧӪû˵ˣƾԼı£δػزԺҪ˸󣬲ǣԸľǮҲ䡣
Ƶù뵽Ҳԥվ
ʵ̨Ͽżϥص񿪻һϵվﲻɵõͷлǲ֮ʿȫǻԾõĴͷ
վٵٵϡϡ䣬ûվԼֻһҡ
ʵ΢һ£žǧӣʦȹࡣ
Ȼ齨һ֧ͻϮɹŲѾ㹻ڳʵ۵ﻹϣиվ
󲿷˻ǰԼҪɹӲбкգ¾ͷһǰǰԼЩûԼҪ
ڿˣͳжԳʵ۵£Ѿ㹻ˡٶĻһȫʧڲԭ͢Ҳʧ𡣡
ûֱ׵ʵ˵ٵȣûԸΪĻǴһǶʵ棬ѡ¶Ϊֹɡ
ʵҲһ㣬΢΢ͷǻӦڡ
ڼʵʾ⣬ת̨ǰѡνͻʵۻع
ȳʵ۴ڸ󸨳뿪ʱУ֮Զľ䵽̨ǰϡ
ʱУȺϿʼӸ߳һˣػ۳һѡˣУ̨ǰְߵ;ۼ
Щ˾ۼ֮󣬰׸˾ͰǺЩϵָ˿
ʱУ·һǣϵ˶վŵˡ
ȻַЩϥص䰴ǰȥʱУڴȡ֮սݵӪ
һߴԼߣһڵѪЩվ棬һ¡
ĳ£Ǻް취ȥֹЩվ
д󲿷˶ɶˣǶԻеͬܵΪкܶҲܹͬĿѡ
л˵еõ˳ʵһ˵еĴ󲿷ֶվ
ʱУֻʣЩԸ¾սɹŵʱ˵㽫̨׼ѲЩе񡣺ȻֹܱοɸپȻҲڡ
üͷһ壬ѺοɸٽеһߵȥȲѾ˵аô
οɸٺȻϥأֱͦȭڵĩԸΪǣַ֧ɹӡĩҲô˻ʵĩһԸ뱾ȫ
ŶʲôԸе棬
ʦΣڵϦĩԸԴ˹ͻʦοɸĹ;·߼һס
еοɸӪĶεԼĹԬƽν֮ˡ
ԬԼˣԼҲ¡ɵڣԼҲѳϵǿۣԬȱ㣬˽յĽ֣Ҳ˴Ρ
뵽̾˿ǰѺοɸٷ
οɸһڹԼΪڴӦˣϲ⣬˵صǴӦˣ
ڿźοɸεв̣ջҡҡͷ㶼˵ΣڵϦ㻹Ҫȥ
οɸһ˵ȴڰסˣ˵ʦмαٳ£ľ֮ҲһΣһΣȻأˡ˭Ϊ˸𣿡
ڵɤһ˵жأ֮صİأж˼Ŀѣؼǣ²˴֣öپʦĴٹˣĳѫ󣬻׹ʧܷŹôЩҪķжϹô
֪Ϊʲôγɹţû˷ԣΪҲɹˣǵ档˵ףһ⡣Ҫ˵㣬Ϸȥ飬áиںοɸٵ壬Ͷ˵˵㡣
ô˵ʦûˣοɸʧʵʳ⻰ʱʵѾ˴𰸡
ڲûлش𰸺Ե⣬ԺοɸٵеƺǸӣʱõ·Ӧ֪͢Ǿչ˹װöǱ߾õģɶ²ȴԽսԽǿ
οɸһںȻ˹Ļ⣬е⣬ȴҲڵĻ
ɶŻͨޣ֮ԽԽԡ˻ѧſأ³ֲʰ֮ĳ֡ɵûʹڸ߼Ҳˡϴθ˽Դɽأ֮͢˽һ㡣¼˳͢Ȼ͢˸˴ðʧ֮٣Ҳٳֻǳ͢ľӡɫضԺοɸ˵
οɸû˵Ҳв룬ڻһһ˵ʦһ֧Ӿһˣ͢ĵĻеġ
ҺοɸһֱڹУĿǰҶҲ֪ģһһҽΪףҲʵ
뱾ʾ¡οɸҲȽأڱ̬
쳯͢ʱһҵıҪڹǣƣҲΪʲôսɹŵԭ򡣳͢㣬ܴ㲻Ϸʧɣڶźοɸٵʵ
ĩһñó͢ʧοɸ˿ûԥնػش͢Ȼǵһλġ
ʵûοɸһֱǣסٵǺɶţֻҪʱ䣬ȴ˺ǸƸĸʱ򣬾ӾͲǽ˵ˡ
ƽ˺οɸ٣¼ЩԸԭĴˡ
Щеٵĺ٣ǵײʿ䡣گĹְЩиۣȻǲܱԡƵùЩ²١
گʵһͱӽƼΪ֧ӵͳ죬еĻڻͷ̸ԴϲǣگԼһʼվˡ
֧һǧʮһˣͳΪگΪܱԡƵù񣬸һǧǧʮΪگ졣
ڸ׼ʱ䣬ӪظǣһʹӦšΣ˳֧֮ûкڵĹ¾չɹʵĸ֮ս


323 Ӫ
ʮգҲǧӪɾĵڶգԭǢѶǰŭģС̲ʹµУԬ̣׾űߡ
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ʫһǻѪһɶ²ҵϣӽжܾá
ֻǺԬһЩΪں飬ɵܶ࣬ӽʫʣ˲ôһʡ
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Ԭͬգڸ󸨳ǰϾּԡ
ûᣬǸ˵ˡ
ڸѹţûжٻΪΪϾ󣬾˵㣬Щ飬ԼиҲǵʱˡ
գҲɹԶգһǵӪء
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һ׳˾֮󣬾ͷ·һ·ߵλãԽһ֧֮
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ҶˣеģǾһܶɱӡһһ߻ش׳
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Ǳ¸ǵģ򿪰ɡڵ£ׯصضԲگ˵
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ΪɫУߣмһĺɫ֣ռġ
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گڵ˵һ¼ԭΪֻ͢ǰǵ˸ɳȥӣܡ
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ʤ
ʤʤʤҲ֮޴ĺֱ·Ҫ˺Щڵ̫һ㡣
սоսɱգһ궯׷סԶԶؽ
ڵһʱǰʱѵ
گͷһȭȻѸתǣŵȥһǣΡ
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Ӫʿڴ¸ֱͦˣŶǰУһԺĵӿ
ӪߵĶоͷʱگǰĹٵذա
ͬʱҲ˷оӿˡͷȽϸߵ׳Ⱥˣˡҿ쿴
һʼ֧ӣŵܲܰ
ߵýˣگЩյţдֲµĵͲգҲдƤĸӡǵͷϹƣ̾˶С
ڲگ߽֮ȺʼɧȻӴȺгվ˹ٵм䣬סӪȥ·


324 ֮
گòס֪ͣշʲôɵȻסȥ·
ٵɧİҲһ¾·мİӡ
أǺӣǴگһ
ֻӺȻͨһ¹ڵأֱگλҶɽһҲţ뽫ضɱӣͷˣ
گһû˵һϹٵ
ţԽԽİչ׷ɱӣΪǲɱ˱
ԼֻвһİջվǣЩǺ׳һֵģ˳ʶ֧֮ˣǲû¹Ȼվڹٵߡ
گŹһصİգﲻеǾӵܣôյ˲Ӷ֡
˫ֱȭŹϵİճϿҵش˵λ׷ģĳڴ˷ģһӸӦеĴۡλø·ĳȥλ𡣡
ϵİռͷĽ̬ˣȷʵ·м䲻ǰ취Ϳʼ½·Ǳܵ·ߺֹȥ
׳е㲻⣬Сʹ֮һİӵ磬ô򰡣
ûлͷֻǵشȥƴҹһҲӦġ
گ·óʹǰУһ·ȭ߻
ϵӪʿ߹ŵİգǺ֮ĻղŵԺ֮б˼ֶ֣һݶӵĳޡ
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ӵͷȻվȴһ򣬲ҿ׳һѡ
ŵҲʼ½վȻתؾʦһ·ϣʦһһ߶֧֮ͷ㣬׷ףԸյʤ
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һᣬֻʵڼ


325 
ҹɫůıǴ˵ѡ
ǽˣȽ䣬жױϴ硣
˯УȻϼݵһ˹
ԴϴΪ֮ǵûϲ֮͸СĵźʵۣʹĻû϶ĳɡΪϾ죬С
һͶ񾭣֮ǰйϼݵһȴûеΡ
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ʱԼ˱ַˣѾõĴ󶼶ԴöȶٳȴŷǮؼڻǵͷǲӦð
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ŮʵеˡҪǰ˾ˣһʵҲôٴһЩʷĥʵȥˡ
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ȥȥ¶ĺ︣һߴţ︣š


326 Ӧ
︣æ֪ͨʱϽǵĻڣһ𣺡ӪӦߵ꣬꣬꣡
Ӧԭڼ׼Ĵλԣаýʿ˭ϽֱƷĹӪ
ԭйԼֻǾ˵ݣȴûֱ˹˵ķۣ˳ʵ۵ĽӼӦǷ˹ǣһ˵˼ӵĹϡ
ڶǱȽϼһʵ۾ʹΰˡ
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һֱ˵ʲôʦ֪ʦ˭Ӧ׳ԼʣŰ壬ش
ûӦǾȻʳôһ⣬һȻȻɻص㲻֪˭ʦ
ӦǵͷǰҪ֪Ҳˣ¹ֻ֪λʦټ¹١
嶢Ӧǿдһ˿ɻ󣬿û˵ѣеЦӦǾȻ֪ټԼ˭
ʦ˺Ϻ͹˾ټ㡣㾹Ȼ֪
һ˵ֵ꣬ӦһȻˣ¹ٵ˾ʦʥ󣬾ֱȥˣû˺ղŻ˵֪˺ټ¹١
Ӧǵ˳ȫ£ԼεʦϿ·Ͽõ֪ʶĽ˺ụ̈ȴҲû顣
尵̾һͷԵؽϱȻ޹ʵõ˺˵Ĵ࣬Լڹﲻ֪˱ˣˡ
Ӧ˺ͷھʦڳʱ˺顣ڸ˾Ȼ˺ƼԼҲѹֻԼȺԼͣԼˡ
ﰵԾ˺һҪȥŰл
һ·ϣӦǽ˺εĽ飬˺ƼģǾһˡ
ǣ˹ϵΪǢһ·˵һ·ȥʦĳ
ˮ¹أվһսڽͶʯͶľʯҵĿĵطѾָԭ
شٺĹؿڣ䣬ȴԳ
ССسǴǸյǧӪĽʿ֧ڴһβͽ̤һյĸ֮·
ʿǶϢȴڲگӪڣ顣


327 ֮ͬ
óڵӪǸʰ˲ãڱ߽ǵطܿһЩɢľͷȶ
گҲһƽ֮ˣˣһ㶼ǲС֮ˡȻҲУЩ׵Ľ٣ȴǲگһˡ
Ӫ֮飬һżªľµͼӪмΨһһŴϣ˾Χž顣
˴εַɹŵأ³ء֡³ءƶߡڿȲ塣Կƶ߲Ϊǿ󣬶ڽ²пܽ²Ҳ׷ǡҪôС壬ҪôںֵĻƴʵĸ壬ǡˣγΣ󡣡گȼ򵥽һס
˧ΣմǶ֪ҪҲڳǰдˡƴνؽӹ⡣йȫ¶֪Ѿò˵ˡ
ΪگܱǸܱ˲ܳΪ˧ĩǱûעЩϸˡ
ֻǸѣսġӪ첻ʧڲԭҲǻȥگҲǺͻƵùһ̬ɵٴѵ
ܱԽСΣգȴҪӪ죬ǿ˭֪ȥܻܲϾѷǧˡ
üͷһ壬Ȼһ⣬常˵˧ҪӪˮ¹ذɣͲʧڲԭˣ
گһѵ˵ӪǾ֮꣬
ܱһȥӺףȴͷֻö常ڨڨһЦ
Ƶù͵ûֶĻװһڿͼ
گҲûѵСԼֶָŵͼԭһصǾ޶ͼϱǴķΧ
ܱԸղ˵˻常ָŵͼ˵е谵æһߵ͵ƣ˵˽ü˶˵ͼ
گԼֶͷȻǵĿľҳǣǣձҴ
ŵͼگ˵⻰һ²׽˲گ˼֤˧ȫôŮ٣
گϵ˷ܱ飬ɱıԱ¶š⣬Ӫʱʲôô
Ƶù㻳ɵشӪ֮ڣƬײô
ʵʵսƷأ
ЩɹŲ˾֮أػȥڽ֮սսƷ֮ͿԤˡ
گ˻ᣬȻһһصȫϽɣսƷһУһ뽻Ϊսʿĸ
棿ѿڶ
ΪʳΪ޴̼֮£ԭʹ֮ǰԭĽʿƻᱬߵս
گûشѾ˵һΣûбҪٻش
տʼͽоĿǰΣگվֱӣʵ
ܱԡƵùһ࿴û˵֪ôش
گûлػ˵оǧܶսϡʮƥǲûаɣ
ܱһͻشĩҲ˱ˣ֢״ءսƥ
ĩиðͷȵ㽪ûˡսʮһƥֻҲԼµ˵¡
Ƶùվֱӣȭصĩзϡ󣬲ƥ
Ӿʦˮ¹أһ·ϲͣ꣬䲻ȴҲʪˡʱڵ䣬һע
⻹ڴڣûеˣӪʱ㹻ʱȡůҪ뵽˲ԭԤˡ
گ΢̾һȻֲ֢սһڹڻĽʿ֢״أȫˮ¹ءҪס
ܡơڲگʱȫվֱӣ
گ˵ɨ󽫣ţͼڲԭĵˣɹӣǽ²һɺӵĵ˾һҪע⽫ʿıůٷսô
ס󽫱ȭӦ
ãȥ׼ɣýʿϢãһ磬Σ٣
󽫴Լڰȥˡ
ڶһ磬칫Ъ˰ֿ֮ʼ
ˮ¹صУڣӪʿֻڿһ£սϢжӵ
ܱԡƵùվڶǰ棬յĲگ棬ʱ
گҲûзϻеĹؿؽָȻֱӷɨһУϵǧӪʿ
ֽӪȻǰ·ˮ¹صıšگͣؿڡĶҲ֮ͣ£˿ҡ
ţǲԭˣǵоگĵӿһɺ󽫾Ҳܴ󽫾
һӣȻһǰСʱ洫ٵ
گһתͷ˹ȥʿҲ׷׿ȥ֪к·
ֻһǰͷڣ󺰵ܴܽ˧
ܱһüͷˣɡ
δ䣬ѵǰͷ΢Ţĵ˫ֱȭ˧С
ܱԴʱѸϹˣ˵ϹŵˣֹȻ
ô£گüͷʵ
˧ԪУĩһ졣򷢺ϡĩ˧ˮ¹óܱϱȭگ
Ԫ̧ͷŲگ˧С֪СܽΪС˺áСȥΪӶֵܺһ𲢼ɱУΪң˺ҹҹμС˵Щֵǡ˧С˯һϣȬ׼СΪֵǱ𣡡
گԪУεؿԼϣԼܴӦҪ
֪޺ڣصĻɡگԪеֵȰһȰĺӲܰװ׵ضڲԭϡ
Ԫ͵һͷĵˮɽȴ˿ںȻ̧ͷᶨص˧ģСްֻҪܶɱӣֵǱ𣬵˵ҲֵܸһСҲġ
ܱԭеִ֣ԼĽǻֵ飬Ҳжˣ֮ͬ顣
˧Ӧɡܱگ
ãӣӰɡگͷһ䣬ͬ
л˧лСܽԪ˫ֱȭگͲܱһһ
ܱԪУ˵ɣԺ͵
лСܽԪ֪ҪչԼ˺Ǹм
گԼֶԪйӣҪԼľȫԪѪӾͺˡ
ӪʿǣΪȥֵǱΪձ𡣷ҴߣԶʤ
گʿǸźʤĺУһһţ̤˲ԭ


328 쵶ն
Ӫ̤ϲԭ֮ʱʯܱĶǧ׸˾Ҳѵżҿڣܱ»ȴδؽ磬гǳ͢ⰲŵĽ
ԭżҿر˺ڴλ࣬յȵվŶۺ˺ĴӡȻĳ⣬ƻûȬ
࣬վʯ˾ָʹͲνŷǡ˶ףһһŮһһңӢˣһ;úܰ䡣
ǰվſ׷ںͷߺκˣһЩ׸˾ʿ䡣
иյһЩˣӽΰݵĩּ˺
ǧлּ˺˵꣬һлϥأȭ
ɢ֮ԭڱ·콫ȻҲ֮·ȡ񻯡ӪйΪǧ
лڻعźյǰ˺ȴδ˵ʲô֡
ӪܺƷּ˺ƹлĺ棬һֱƣôԼ˺
ӽЦݵؿЩ糾͸ոϵĽʿںƱ֮Ҳ⣬ЦŵԼˣɣ
лү¼شһȻվ˺׼ָʾ
ǶҪģЩ齫Ҫӽ΢һ£ȻͿʼˡ
ĩڡһ˺㽫æȭӦ
͢㲿ӹżҿڷΪżҿڵԣԺ㲿ĹϽҲܶĹϽֱܳ͢Ͻھ콻ϣôӽڷʱЦݣ˵
ĩӦ
׷ڱһһûһף͢ôͻȻôһ֡˧ûλĸ߼Աһڣżҿ˳ȥԺͻٺöûʸ԰ǲҪһ£ٵȵ˧˵
׷ڣӽֵһ
׷ŶԲߣ䲻ӽһ飬æбȭӦĩڡ
һʱ䣬żҿڵķܱϣõӽ˵⻰ʱ۾һֱſ׷
׷˺۾Լ֪ΪʲôȻоһɱ̵һ޶˻׷Ͳػӽĩ
ӽ׷ӦˣͲٿˣκͷߡ
Сڡ
ڡ
ͷߺκæУ˫ϥػص
ܱէϤżҿڡżҿڵĵͷߣԸܱЭܱܺżҿڣӽ˵⻰ʱûǿȵ
СԸ⡣
Ը⡣
ͷߺκвӦĵǰЩ鶼ǵԭƵЩˣ˵ǿ׷λﰵԼҪû˺ĻӣûżҿµʵĻӣͻȻʧ˶֡
˵Ժܱ˺ǰ;Զǰáԭ޲֮
ܱʱ¡ȹӺ󣬳͢ɵطżҿڡʱͿרĹżҿڷСĲԭϵĶǺ·Ľ²
ӽ֪һʷǸʷУ²׷ֵżҿڣȻʷϲ֪²᲻б޻ġ
ĩס³дӦһ
λ֪ͨȫȫտʼǰפɷá
ĩ׷ӦһȻеԥӽֵֻĩղҪܱżҿڷô
ûϵհȥӼֱżҿھни˸ܱӾˡ㱾汾һǰɷá
ЩпѺԭżҿھбץżҿرǱΪ飬Ϊ˴̷ģĳ̶Ƚᣬͷˡ
飬ͼƻõģӽھͻش˿׷⡣
׷һһ߰£ҲûϵԼʱȥܰЩ飬Ҫ֪ͨ˧
ֻҪ˧֪ˣֹܲӣԼˡ
лӽ˽Ľ
ڡлҪԼĲ£͸ϽӦ
ֵһſλеңҪſλ֪ôӽ۽Ʋ¿׷л
лܱȥ·콫̰ȻǸܸɵˡô಻ͬѾ˺Լ׷
ˣл˺һÿλ
׷˰п࣬ȴֲҾֻܾһطϵССλҪ˵Ȩ˺ˣЩҲҵġﰵ̾һֻˡ
Щӽ֮ɢá
лſ׷رſмļʮ׷Բȥˡ
ŷڴʱǰø˵ȴ֪վǡû쵽񣬲֪˺ǰ˻զģǧذˣ
ӽźƵĴһЦ˵ߣñ˽ӷ磬ϴϴ
֮ǰһֱʱȴҲЦӽһֵлү
ؼھʦ֮ʱѴ⿿˺ôˣ˺鶼ϣǳɱ˻ǳԷȾơ
ƣߣҲһݵġ˰ٴ֪ӽİţʱߵƵǰЦŶ˵
⣬⣬⡭һһͰ͵˵Լôͣôɺүӷء
ʲô⣬үǸˣǵ㵱ľ֮㵱Լˡ˵ҲҵľˣٲҪྴ㼸ߣˡ˰ٴһ˵һºƣһȥ
û뵽ɾ˺ᱻһֱڻܺͲνܱүͬԷζû뵽ġ
ǵͨ죬΢΢˺Ź˰ٴ˼Ȼͣס˴ˣңҵֵǻء
˰ٴЦĺƵļֵܻȥǵģ뵣ġ
ڶһ磬׸˾ЪϢһ֮·ƣԻ⣬ʼʽӹżҿڷ
ӽڿ׷ͬ£ſʼǰ߾פȥ
ԭһʮһǧİʮˣӹ⣬ʵڹپǧʮˡ
ܱ»ṩڻصӦֻǧҡʵЩĿУһҲǿ׷ܻʱ׳
ӽߵĿһȶԣߵĿͶԲĿһس
ӽ֪ĲʵǺ»鱨ĿµģҲûо¡ոṩľһ߹¼һɷС
ÿطɷϺӽὲ˼ǳ͢ϻɽפյ㣬п˿Ӧһʵϰ졣
ÿģŽ֮Ž㵽󲿷ֽһ࣬Ÿ뷨ǼţߣжԲߡ
ӽ㶨⼸ºܱ»ڸϵԼĵ̡


329 жԲ
»֮ʱǧлѾżҿر
׷ɣһ˵ܱ»ˣϽȥμ
ԭǺ»ţ˺»ϵ֪ʹ˧Ĺϵûֱֹӽ˺»Ĵʡ
˧˧ɻˡ׷»ʱ˻ûһȲ֮Ѿ¶š
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׷̧ͷ»£׺»϶֪żҿڷЩ顣
׷ǰ»ǰҲ˿ò㣬ֱ˫ϥأɥ˧ûпңи˧а¡
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˧֪Ǹ˺ǿƣһͰѻˡĺأҪ¼ÿ죬˧ͼˣ
׷˵⻰ʱŬᣬԸΥӲǼ
ģˣԲҪżҿôᶪ»ûбıݸжͻȻվʳָָſ׷
׷￩һ֪ûкŪȥϥ˺»͵˧Ƕû뵽˭֪˺˵ãȴͨѹĽ̡û뵽׸˾Ӳ¸ǽżҿڵķһһۣ¸Ӧ
»֪龭֪͢Ҫֳųִ֮ʱƾ׷ССλͲܸıʲô
ջָſ׷֣ɸֵصѵ㲻֪ϻôϸҲа
׷һ»΢˵ﰵһϲȻϽ͵˧ǲ֪˺թءһżҿڽӵ£þʦĽҿˣ㼸ʮϸ˸ţûκλᡣ
»Ҳǰգ֪Ͳȥˣ̵ģһԴˡ
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׷⣬Ⲣ˵żҿⱻжۣº»Լ
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׷ʵ֪ⶼ⡣һ˵Ѿ»ˡ
ڶ⣬һϣ˵ЧЩ˺ĺ̨Ҳ˺Ȼ֪˺ĳ˺оֹϾͿԿ˺Ȩ죬Ҫɱˣżҿڵ˺̨
˺ʲôʱ̨˭Ҳ֪ˣ
ţ˿ʼЩʲôˣЩʲô飬ʲôµ顣
Ȼ»˵ȫĽһǰݼ˧
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Щһ˺»Ĵʣֿ׷Ҳ棬ɵһ£Ȼȭμ»
»麮˼Ͼͷ⼸Ĳɵģе֣ɺȳʲôô£زҴҴģˣƨͿš
ȫĽһһᣬֶԺ»˧ִ˺Ѿֱӷ˵´ͷУֵΪ˰졣ң˵Ժнල÷šĩǲֵ֪վһˣ
׷ȻֻλСЩνһȼΪǰһֱܱ»ĸЩνƿ׷Ϊ֡
»ۿ⼸ҲڵͷͰ׷͵ҲɼǼթƹ˺ɵġǲöɹ
ȻҲüͷмƽž֮¡żҿûˣõԵҪˡ
˵Ҳ£ʱˮͳˡǰҲѲ߻¹ټôһǷֵͿˡ»üͷϾͽ⿪ˣЩ˵뵽ķ
Щżҿ̵ĺô࣬ǷƵҪԴǿ˿ðãĵľ
ں»˵һɡ˧˵ĶԲߺòıϣҴ˧Ҳ֧֣ôûˡ
ǵǵһͿʼά»󹦣ý²ƨΨд˧Ź⸴һһǳصĻƺ֮ˮ಻»
׷ҲǸɫˣȻҲ˹άСõ˵Թ߽ǶȶЩƨȷϲڴ˻ϸһĵú»ֱ̹ԼҪǳţֱȥ⸴ɶˡ
ŶôְһͻأΪ֮һ㶣׷ʿڿ˹ȥ
ֻ˺߽ʣЦǺǵؿǡŷԷ򸾷˺࣬롣
ڵ˶һܱ»ڣæжӲμĩμ˺
ʲôأô֣ӽһߺİһߵԭ»˧λȥ
ڽʺֳֵߣ滹Լнվš
»϶ЦӽûʲôֻĩջЩӹ߶߶ѡ
ӽбۿζصŶôཫһ飬ΪҪ췴أ
ӽ⻰һ˵ڣڵΪ֮һ䣬˶
»˵ɫǲҰף֪˺ô˵Ļѵ֮ǰĻˣ
Ǻǣֻ˵Цѣŵãˡñ˵˰ɣӽȻЦζؿǵ
үе£Цĩǲš׷Щӽ򽻵Ƚ϶࣬ϵ㣬ȽӽĻص
ŶûоͺáĽպö⣬ʡҲ¡ǡӽʼ˵£̬ͻָŴڵЩ˵


330 ֵ
»һ֪˺ҪʲôӣղѱһΣһȭүʾ¡
ӽȴû˵ͷһ̧˰ٴʾ¡
˰ٴϴӻͳ˺һֽȻǰЩǰȫ
ĩڡȫǰֽӹ˹˰ٴݸ۾һ飬вһѵ˺Ҫץˣ
˰ٴû˵ĻŽǹȥ׷Ҳ쵽һݣڳΨ»ûС
ú»е棬֪ʲôеʧ䣬ôûС
ӽ쵽ĽڴеֽȻиĶѵι㣬ԣ㣬õˣ
ǽһʱһһתֽŷһ֨֨Ƶؽ͵ĩʶ֣úүЦˡ
ӽüͷһ壬ȷϵ
⽫û˺ôͻȻת˻⣬Ҳ˺ʶֵȱ㣬͸Ͻǣү۽𾦣
ӽһ̾ƶȣ˲øļȻһЩĿʶĽ죬⿿ڴľܳʤô
ʱ˰ٴѾַϣ˻Լλáӽеĸ̾£ֱ壬ЩҪ־ǰʦͷҪˡȫżҿڼᡣ
ӽ˵ʱмɫϱòÿüͷҪ˺ҪһķӦ
ҰѻҪûϵ㣬Ҿ鷳ŲţȰñ鷳ӽû׼ҽڣв
ǱһұҳԶˣ˭ҪҲţҾ㿪ӣôûмôвļ죬ܱ»ĿɿڴȻǻ治ҸӽԣһɥӦ
ãңҲ̫ĵġ׷
ӽȻ׷һ֪ⲻƵ˺Լ᲻鷳ˡ
ĩڡ׷վӽǰ棬ʱִϣӦ
Щϱ£ô飬Ѱ㡣ӽ˵˰ٴʾ£Ȼ˵ΪĹͣΪνϵľһżҿڣȥʦһ¡
׷һе㲻ţ˺˺󣬾ͼˣô䵽Լͷϣȴɶڱˡ
ԭھʦ֮ҲһЩģ˵ܻν»ǵ˺Լ˿ðõ»ᱻ֣Ͳ˼ĹͣǿȻˡ¿׷ڰȥ˾ʦɶҲûá˵»йŵ׷ܹ黹еء
ʱӽȴΪνǸе⡣
׷һʱûзӦӽֱ˰ٴѶݸʱŻعϲϣϵϥأӽصлү
֮ಢûз֣ܱ»Ŀ˸֪ʲô
ˣЩ顣Ҳûȥæˡ˵꣬ӽӺ»˧λվƨˡ
ͺүæȴ˵ߣϽߡ
û뵽ӽߵſڣ׼֮ʱͣת˵׷¡
Ը֮ӽų˴ʡ
׷һæȥ֪˺Ҫʲô
ڸ֮࣬Ҳû֮ĸͷ˾٣ֱӾͳȥˡú»һֱıӰĿͷͼ˿ա
׷һȥ󣬶۲ûиȥŴʵţӪڵЩ졣
׷ȥ󣬷˺վſǵΧǽ
ڿϽǰЦү׷ˡ
ӽתһᣬ׷ëʱӽֻЦ˵֪ôǴ㣬ɱ￴
׷һϵĺͳˣΪǺ£ûӭȴһˮ
ҿ飬ϱүԺúˣٲҪү˿ġӽ˵֮¿׷ļ
׷ûйͷƵģӽһ£Ͱһ֡
ӽ֮󣬲ٹ֮ͣ߹ȥ
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һֱȵӪʿڴʱ򣬲گſԼֶųĽʿ
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ûаûǹ򰡡Ŀӽһ˿֣ɵеίæ͵
ҸպùڸӽĵĴ𻰣̧ͷһȻżҿڼ˺æүǲԸģλү¡
ӽѭ˹ȥе죬ȴ벻ˣʵҺ㣿
һϲû뵽˺ԼһӡæصǰǰүãżҿүݣĹͷ
ôһ˵ӽˣżҿץ֮󣬴һԼͷСӡ
ӽǺһЦ٩ôˣҼǵø˵жϥлƽɣòŹ򡣡
ҲΪ⣬ɵЦһµүǸΪӵĺù٣һҲӦġ
ܼǴʱҲ͵ǰǰүǸùٰ
ӽҡҡ֣ٴ˵ɣٹˡ˵̧ͷһĳֵͷ˵ǳʲôô೵׼ȥİ
ղһֱûʹ˵ץסȻشүϵʳ׼
ջشʱ򣬲Ȼǰλүץ˷ˣҪ֪żҿڽ׸᲻Ҳץˣиͬı֮
뵽ȥˣɫʼףͷʼð
ӽ˵һ룬ûٽ˵е֣ʵҪ
˰ٴǸˣ˺˵˼ɻ֮£û˵ڡǲ˵ڵ飬Ǿץ鷸֮¡
ǰһȵүʻʵ


335 Я
ɫʱøҰף鿪ʼ۳ɺˮ
Ա߼ˣͽӹүղʳ˵ȥǱڶ࣬²ȫڷأ
ܼһһϲæŵͷǰǰҵȲڷأ
ӽһԭأ֡ԶڵƷתĻΣܻһ̶ϻ顣
һ̶ӲҹȥƷͻ٣鲻ܵõ⣬̶࣬Ӿ͸ҹȥⶼѭˡ
üͷһʵΪβȥѰٸİ
ܼǻ࿴Ҵ𻰣Źٸ˵ٸĲãҪһ
ȴӽڶδ򽻵ˣǸ˽ӽĺƣԱһӽĻү벻ٸͣǸǸС⣬·ڵġ
˵ʱҲֱ̫ףȴҲ˼ӽ
ӽа̾һʵҲҪǴĵطٶΪΪ룬ı˽¾Ͳˡ
ڱȴǲɫŻϵЩ˵ˣҪȥǸǣɰ׸˾ڣǰȫ˿κηáһ
徭Һ˺ĶԻ⣬Ѿ֪ոնңһ١
ӽ˵շûǣô˵飬֪᲻΢еηش𻰵үʾ¡
ЩܼҴʱһֱ̬Ӿܾ˺ǽ⣬ȻȴеĻͻ˻ɸղ˵Щ滰ˡ
Ǵʱ±˺ԭĿȥͷףĻգ֮ܰǶ£˵ûҪۼ˺ҡ
ǵָ֮صҲۣҪۡұ֤ܸ׬ȴҲ׬̫ѪǮ⣬ǵĺΧĻٸ򣬰ǲһˣΣӽǿǣЦǵ
˺ĻݣվڹٸվǺġ
ֻǹܼԭ׬һδǮģ˺˵Ļ׬ǮûԤôˣ΢еɡ
˰ٴһƵ˲˳ˣʱ˺һǳźȺȴǳɣɵúȵô㣿
Щܼ֮ǰѾ˰ٴȳһأֱȳ⣬ŶԷе㷢ŭǱȽݵĶۣŵæͷȴһʱ˵
˵ͬҲв˼棬˭Ҳûڶ̶һʱھͱͶѹ
үպкүĸ׬˵ǮҲȥⲻҪһΪһи˺һУΪ룬ΪЩ룬Ͳһµ뷨ҲΪԼˡ
ܼ˰п࣬ôһ˵Ҫƽ϶ߵĻԱ֮¾̫ûˡ
ӽһ¶ԵЦݣҵͨḶ̌ȴҲ˵Ľ̴ڡʲô֣
ҵ˺佱Ǹˣشҡ
ЩܼǴʱٵҪ˵ˣһ˵Ļȫˣô죿ǣЩܼҷ׷׳ԴӦǰû˷ԵĻᡣ
ӽûô࣬ЩҪܽĻһ̶ϼ飬Ҳһˡ
ЩܼҵڴͬҪ죬ȰʳȥͬҰһ
˵֮תͷԹ˰ٴлЩЭȥͬ·ϱΪѡ
ү˰ٴӦһȻйһۣǰȥˡ
ܼһп࣬ȴҲûа취һЩӶˡ
ӽЩܼҹֵˣͷټ
Ȼͣǰˡ
˺Ⱥܼһӽ
ӽһߴǰһ˼һʱû˵
˰ٴӽֹ̲סӽ˵ү¿˵ﲻʵǻʲôĻ
ӽתͷЦһµҪǽƽϵĻǾʹ粽ˡĹԱľӣˣİգиָ⡣ֻץСȰѴ˵
˰ٴˣû˵̾˿ϵҲ¶˼ӡ
һᣬӽתͷԹ˰ٴ˴֮ͬȥҵŷ棬˵оѻǰҲǺ͸ղһܶһЩ˹ȥͶһʡ
ǣү˰ٴȭӦ
Ĳֿевʿֻ·;̫Զָʱ䣬û͡ӽ̾һ
үǻ÷ã˲̫ġһȰӽ
үмƻһȥżҿôǱߵȴҲھֵġ˰ٴҲһѵ
ðɣˣߣȰѴͬľ÷ˡӽ񣬲£ǰС
ȴ꣬ӵ˲ſʼվȴȽۣ˺þòվˡ
壬λˣҵøϽؼңȻ׼Щ͸λϡ˷ܣܼǹָǡ
ܼеԹ˺ǰı֣ʱȴҲұ¶˼ҲǵΧȥǱڵΣգ˺ǰ˺ŵˣ˭ҪڸҲˣͷ˼˺ǰݸ۰ʲôĻǸˣͨѹɱͷ
ܼǲò¶Цݣֹҡ
һᣬĽӳβٹܼǰȥͬ
ʱúܿ죬ӽڴֻͬ죬æ˷õ¾̡
˺Ŀڱ֮󣬼һЩֻʱ̫̣͹ģӽԤҪ١
ӽҲٵˣֵ˰˰ٴͬľ䣬̶Ӻ滤ͣԼͰ׸˾һǰ濪ǰȥ


336 Ԭ
ӽ뿪ͬǰһ·ΪͬУٶ˲٣е㼱Ҳû취
Ӵͬʣżҿˣǽһ·̡
Σǰε·ΪӽٻһĳΪֵʡʱ䣬ôһ㣬ļƻǿ˲١
ʱӽ伱ȴС
ںϹ¸ϳǣһͱԻ½԰
԰еһˮзɽƶһڽˮУĸߣ˳֮Ϊɷδ䡱
˽ƴǰɽţд̨̨а̨ͤ»һ
ˣ︴գɫѿ洦ɼ
̨еİͤڣվһĵˣ̬е縳ⰻȻ⡣
и͵˵үɷδֶЩղʶȤֻԬɽߡ
鰡㶼ˣһôô㻹ԲаǸûлͷԼһͷ羰һ߿ο
үʵūֻǽԬɽ̫½иɽò֪֪үǷ쵱Ѳʱս죬˽үķṦΰūҲñȽԬɽǿ
ˣֻǸү꣬˴ˣ˲ɻү죬߾үƽſˮ˵Լ뷨
˾ǵĵѲԬϽ̡ܱë֪ͬݣȡ˲߷񣩡ҹϮݡո˳ȡţëկһϵսµʤý²ȫߣʼշغһߡ
˵Ͷֵַ⹥ʹȥ⣬ǡ񼣣ҡ֮ĩϻ硣
һصңƽԬɽȰһ
ʵڵǻ֮Ҳȴܾˡ
˶ΪֻдС٣սɳİ֪үʵֻ˵еϣү³˵ͷ
˵ϰκүĶǰû
Դȥ²ߵأ־֮صϢʱүԼ鷿һ죬һ̾һддȴû֮һ档
֪үΪЧֻΪһЩǲִͷ
֮үͲԬסɷδģ¡
Ԭ˰߶ԼѲ֮£ûд𻰣Զķݳǽ˼ֻصɶս
ԼľӪĵԼһ߽֮⣬̿սԮսݲʣëԼɱǣƽ²֮Чá
ԬһϤףﲻɵð̾˿
תһ룬Լڵĺ澰һֱΪǰ飬ɾָԼԼȴҴ˵Ǽ٣
Ͱүû˵һֱԶҲٷɧˣүԶ
Ȼ鿴ԶĳŴȺɧ׷Ա߱áûһᣬֻʿж䷽ȴԬ
ү쿴϶ģ񣬺ʹһָЩʿһ˵Ȼ
ԬǴ󻧣Ϊ٣Ԭֹ̫ٱ顣⳯͢Ҫˣʮ֮˾žԬġˣһ۾Ͷ϶ʹԬġ
пǸӦּǲùܣ߰ɣȥȥԬ£ȻԸ
үѾ˶꣬үȴǹٳˣ˵үġתһ룬Ǿ֮ս˽˵үġ뵽ֶԬ˵ʥүɣ
ԬԼϻ飬ֻһٷ𡱣Լȥں̾ϢһүĽŲȥ
ǵδãȴ⴫ٵؽŲһӰܿڵſڡ
תͷһһү
Ԭûᰢ飬ٵضڱĿԬʥʹּٻظּۡ
Ԭˣæؿ˶һۣȻʵʹйٻǲ
ƷĲٻءԬһشߴٵ
ּζʥּּǾڸ̶ּġ
Ԭüͷһ£΢ΣֻظֱּӾּܾҲް
Ԭȴһ˼аϲүȥ
ѰںãԬһ·Ϲʥּ
ʹܿͶʥּͰϣΪɶѲ
ʥּ֮Ԭûлּ̧ͷʹʹתʥϣϳ֮Σʵиʥ
ҲʱԬŷλʹأƷĹٷȴߴ׳ɫȴôԬоһɱܸоóλʹϹսɱѪˡ
ˣԬ֣͢ʲôʱҪ߼ĹɱˣѵǾ֮սúܲп᣿
˼䣬Ǹʹʥּһգ΢΢һЦٱȲƴǡﻹһţٱĿ
˵֮˫ְʥּߵһţȻǰԬ
ȻԬûϵҪ˲ķϣ˵ֻʹˡ
ܸоλʹȣֹʱܿ϶ǼӡԬףñϰĥļӡ
ٱʹԬһߵϣȻַԸӵȳȥ
ǣةӴӦһ˳ţֻʣʹԬˡ
ԬʱǺͿˣЩ˳ƺʹΪةѵλ佫ȴĹٵѲ
ʹͳһţ˫ַԬ
Ԭһ߽ӹһ߿ʹʵǺεѲ


337 
ٱ¹ѲϤĵδΡ˴ҪݴּĲ£һɽҲйص֮¡
Ԭּʹ½ΪѲ¬
ԬһûλʹȻԼ긶˺ܶѪڵصѲ
΢£Ȼͷһеţŷдǽ
Ԭһ۾Ϳּ
Ⱥȥְ֮󣬾û˵ϢզһڵţԬдΪˣŷ⣬ֽ
УȼԵؽԼ˺ľټ֮Σͳ˧ʥμɶʦһְֽɶľƣɽԼһعһߡ
лرƳ¬ץū¾ޡ˺Ѫսˮ¹ءԾʲô׵ĵطԵ¬ʸס
ٴοԬɽ
ԬźĬĬͷõϢ
ԴסԬɽ֮󣬾Ͳü´У˶Ծ֮սľͳ͢鶼˽⡣
һ֪ôϢĵʵидġ
翵֮ڵһ֮áԼճһ꣬ȴԶûĳɾʹ
ѣ£һڹϡԼЩԣԼеȹź
̧ͷʹҲƳ¬ȻվǣԼš
ԬɵøУᣬ󹦣λѲְ֮ȴ˵Լǰмӣȷʵ
̨ǰɣ˵ԬţȻָŸ輸˵
лٱ¬رȭһ֣ȻȥλˡԬǰǴĩѧԾӡ
Ԭ⺰һϲ衱ȻŰͷŤ׼¬˵
¬Ԭϲʱʮ㣬аԺЦٱ˸Уһ֪
̨ܷѳ͢ϸϷ˵˵
Ԭȷʵʸ¬ǰԳϷ¬˿ô̶Ӧ룬ʼԬϸ˵ȥ꿪ʼ͢
¬ĹУ裬ȻЦݵȥ
үʹٳ֮£֪үһѴӵתˡ
ԬţϿʼ΢΢¶ݣԽԽŨ޵򶨣Ȼûס¬Ļִ⳯䶯ԺƣͶҲ䶯ְܣо֮սתۣȫԴ˺˺ʲôˣȻϷĸоǺճѲʯͷĳӣ
¬һǺһЦشԬٱ֮үȷʵǺճӴǰκ˼ʹأڽż׸׸ʶϣԵ˾ȼ֮˿ʼ
Ԭź֮ͣΪµ£ٵ£漰еķνͨôһȻ𳯾ִ䶯ôһˣҪǰεĺʺ̳ܽ˵ʦǰҲͲˡ
Ԭ˼һתԼڵǺ¥ɾһĪɣ˺˵ģ
ʱԬǱȽŵ̴˵ôһɣͳɵ¬˺Ǻε˵֮¬еɻ󣬾ֽ͵й˺ʲôԣ
¬һûô̫ٱԬʳ⻰Ȼˣ¬Ȼ֪޲ˡ
Уھʦ˵̫·ϵɡʼǹдģھʦдøΪ㷺ס
Ԭһһӣﲻӿмλ˺ǷģҲһжɻ
˺ܲ˼һݼԼǺٹٵݣֻԼȥˡ
λ˺ڿھʦԬ¬еʵ
үæڹ£ӳ˻£Ѻͱ߾ǰ໹Ҫһ±᷵ؾʦ¬Ԭǰ佱ӽ˶˵Щйӽ顣
Ŷ£Ԭһеɻʵ
ǵģȥϴͻ飬үиڽ²Ű֮أ˽²顣ܴ֮󣬱߾Ӳáֻ̰֮κүˡ˺үѺ;ȥ߹أ²òٴƳˡ
¬˵һ˵ү˵ںٱΪƼȴٱԸɽΪ̾Ϣδϧϧ
Ԭһ㶣ʲô˺˼Լδ˲٣񼣣Գɵ
Ϊذӽɣ¬ôһ˵ͿʼԼǷδˡ
ʵ¬ǿУ˳Ƶڿɽѡ
ӽѹûԬͲ֪Ԭ˵Ĵڡ
ΪԬԭʷϣĩ֮һֱδɽɱйԬʫº֮˺Ԭ¼һر֤ɶûС
Ԭȴ֪¬ԭڿģΪ¬Ҳӽĸ֮ˣ˵Ӧÿš
ԬƬ̣¬μɶʦӦ㹻ΪλҪϷǰȥɶѲ
¬һԬ£֪Ѹ⣬ɽˣ˸ϸ͵һߣ⼸겢һʵʹͣʹɶؽΪ֮󡣵Ҷԣ١֡ߡ顢塢ɷȾΪһߵܱνְŹٱɶѲԶݡϱɽأܼһߣǿ²ٴߵصĻᡣ
¬˵ֱصԣϣٱЯ֣֮꣬²Ҵ֮ٱͬɴԸ
ԬǰСԼһڰѾԻ̸μιƽ£ա
ԬһϤ£Ϊ¿žԼȴ޵е¬ͷãϷͰѴɶ²Ĳݣ


338 跶
Ԭľһ£㲻ٳɣʥּڶ͸ʦ
һ·ϣ¬ͣԬѲľ顣ԬȻԴʣ޾ϸԼľ˵¬
ӽȶ£һţ˿ʼΪ²֮ж
²ʱȴ˿ûиоΪ֮սĲҰܶ߷߲ƽ
֮սѾ˶ΪϹָӶеŭǰ޴ھİǧļʮҲδػܡ
²ģսУ²;ʤ࣬ɱס
ڵ࣬ǹ˼ɵĵطҲ࣬ʦһѨһܹǵıؾ֮
ǧϮ֮ã𹥾ʦ֮Ĳԣ˵һǼʮ߹
յĽȴǰѰǧʿþƣߣ׳˺·
˵һͿأջôˣʵ̫˱ˡ
д뷨棬С֮һĶ֮һԽԽΰ˶кľ̩ѱ̫ȥԣŭйЩϡ
˸ţܣȥ
ʢڣ˲࣬Щ˱һߡ˶ڽϿ񱼣ȴҲûжӰ졣
һһڻϵľ飬̫Ϊ˹ʿ׼ٴηһս¡
һɳϸǰ߷ëಿԳ׽֮ǣһɳ̽̽һߵ
ֻ鱨ȷٴζԱȫ֮һ
컹֪̫Щץĺ֮̽ˡ俴𺺹֮ϣ̫ͬ
죬е컹˺һȡ
ҪڣȻЩ̰һ͵ϣڹǣʤĴڡ
ֻе㲻Һͻ̫ͬǣ̫ȻΪʳ֮³üʵʲôΪѵģżҿǱ߾㲻Ҳûʲô
ֻҪܱ֤ԼʳӦЩ¸㲻ĹӦʳʱͰѺֻȥڻң˳Ҳǻġ
ȥһǣӲİ£
һһƾ屾ܿǰֵ֮ʱֻʶһ˫΢ģ͹˹ȥ
˭ϣֵպùһ̧ĽӣΪӰܲۼҪײˡ
βеһѾߵľУһսֱһ˻Уͣס
̧ǽӵĽηۼҪײ֮һ˺ͽȫ˵ϡ
ĻӺ˳ײ˶գ׷ǰΧס˽ӡ
ѾδܴһţȳΪڽ񱼣ѷ˸ײˡ
һϵǰ˴СԺҲ׵öʱϽס죬ȥ鿴ˡ
ʱǻعԼļʱסսҲǱһŭʵ˵ô
ηʱ˽ӣѾǰƿĵʵˣô
һöŮ𣺡ˣô̧ؽӣ
ѿǴŮ죬׼֮ʱ˶һеɧ߽Ǻ˵ҵд̱գվ
һ죬ͱдˣѾߺͽηŵĿɿڴ֪λش
Ҳ˶ǺʹıײˣһҲǲ˵һʱ
Ļû£ҿñӣһֺǺǵΧſ֡
˼ҹܣԶԶض˿ȥ
û˻شԼĻ΢΢еŭ߽š
Ѿһŵæˣó˽š
ɰû˵ֻಡһ鵶˳Ȼ󵶼
ѾһΪҪɱˣŵæڵϣĵүϢŭˮ嵹ҼүҲǴԱ뱴үҼүͬΪٵķϣŹҼҷ˰ɡ
һ΢еɨˣһֻЬΪ¾޼ЧļҾ죬Ǻܺ֡
һ鵶ʱǸѾ˵ˣҼүǴ󺹵ĸүҪ
һǻ̫ĸʵ˭
ҼүǴǰĺˣĳ̷үѾںǿһ£ϣ֪Ѷˡ
һǷĳǺšѶԷĳۣ̿϶ԭлʱԭŹҲˣһþֱӰѽء
֮Ʈ£¶˽ˡ
ŮˣʧɫؿԼ۾һǹūŮ˵۹⵹ǲ
ɫһװŭΪд̱գ
ôһŮӣ޴дȫװһѻĶ죬˭˶֪¡
Ůӻæ߳ӣ츣һŵؽ͵ūֻȥҼүƽд̱ү֮⡣
쿴߳ӵˣ毺õݣĳԼǰƨҷһͷϡ
һɵ뵽һǹūš
ô;дأʵ췭ߵǰ˵
ϼƽӲñӣԽػңæٸһ͵ū޴ôд̱ү뱴үŹūҡ
һЦԷϵղţҪˡ
Ļһ壺ԣԣԣһҪүѹ֪û
ϼΣˣȴһ˵ϡ
һЦпУ»ɽ֮צץȥ
ʱһ󼱴ٵһ𣺡ãá


339 ڤڤ֮е
һеջֻбս·бñ˵ĵ
ĻҲ뷨ûŲֻȥ
ֻһɳ۶ǰЩ˲·ŭȴҲһŮ壬˲òǰһͣ
ʿŮ淢ʽЩŮǰһ۾ͿӦǸ˰¡
ֻĨһˮȻ󼱴ٵ˵ͼãС˷Ҽү֮мǰȥ󺹡
ôүأѾ߶һߣϲؽ
һֹ߲죬վһʿȣȴⵥȷǸүǰżҿڵķ
ѾߵĽæתͷȥ˹ȻǷæҲ׷ʵүأүūҡ
һˣԭǷĳ̼ҵĹūšи˷ܣҪŷҵŹ񫡣Ҫ˵ǷūţǷĳ̱ˣǻ⡣
ʱȫ˾֮սգһĳô跶ĳǹūŵš
Ů˾ֻңŷ֪ܻޱȳ졣
ģڱǰװᣬÿûӦҾͲˣ⹷֪»Ҳҹа塣
뵽֮Цҵд̱գ쾭顣
˵ֿ֮ʼؿץȥȻΧôݡ
û뵽Լй쾹ȻҪסʱ䵣үİΣѹ˲ٵȷĴ𸴣ңҡ
ѿĳҪ裬һ֮£ݡһӲ
Ļû뵽Ӳ߸ߵ𣬲òܿһߣóһ·
û˽ȥѸٷȥԾĸ
֪ǸĶԺ˵ĺʱѾ˼ʱ䡣ҪĸԼǰ裬ûүˡ
󴳽Ĵ󶯾öע⵽û뵽ūеūţȻðԼһŭ֮£ֱӳ鵶֣һ˹ȥ
û뵽첻ֵϷˣҲһԣֲ֮º˵ˣظ˳һӡ
ŵصͷԼĶӱĳӶ¶ˡ
¶ۿ࣬дž죬һŶӣһָŶ죺㣬㡭
û˾Ȼû㣬ɱҲɱˣһѡ
ǰ֮˻ĳ̱˵Ļ˵˼ɻ̫ķӦֱɱֻҪĳ̲ô춼Ǹҵġ
ڶͼĺָԼһŭֱӺһ
ˣһͷ­˳ȥ֮£͵˷ϵߡ
ĳһΪЧǧֻΪϻš˭δʹڰ·²ĸֱ²ӵһˡ
Ҫ֪Ļ֪᲻淶ĳΪ²Ч᲻Ȱĳ̱Ϊ²Ч
һӼŮǼⳡʽŵô
ϵʬף΢еɨˣһŵ״εķϣйȥɶʱ򱾱ոٹȥ
˵תԼսڣҪȥѰĻ
ĻͷĿһĿ龭΢е㵣Ļ鷳ʹյĸǰѵӣ⺺˵мȥ󺹣
һûע⵽㡣ɱˣզûͷĿĻһﳤȥ
ͷĿԼӲҲٹܣȥ
ܶڤڤ֮⣬ӪʿݵθɱȥɹŲ屨ŵķ
ĳ֮ǰ̫ţпܻӪصķҲ쿳ˡ
ĳײӪóʩȫδﵽĿģ̫֪֮󣬴ȶҪ֪εҪԣ֪ɱԶֻһȺδǿѡ
ĳ̴ʱȻ֪Լͣ󷶶ѾȺȥˣһ˼Ϊ²Ч
ϣżҿڲԶֻɫеǰפмٸɹŰǰȥޡ
ĳ֪һɹŲ巴вֵηԴѺãȽ̵ĳҲɴ˾ǰɶ
۽֮ʱмɹӭȥʣһĳ̵ķʽɶŮ棬ɶ¡
ĳ̿Ǳ飬ΪǶԼһǰе֣ҲΪ⣬ǰݲҪһ
Щĸ·ֻһЩ÷ĳΪȺʳůıѡ
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һᣬһͷʿŹĳ̡
ĳūŵˣɹǰδ²һڼӡ
ɹŻʺã˵һЩлĻ
΢΢е֮࿪ʼʷĳڴĵλԼǰżҿڵĿĵ顣
ĳ̼̬Դ˸жʱ˵ǰżҿڴߴʳʣ˴󣬻ɴǰӦ߷ɶˡ
ⲿһŷĳ̣е㲻ŵӣʵˣΪһǰ
Ҫ˵£·ɱɹͬˣӻر󺹡󺹵ľӦѾˣһΪɹͬ˱𣬽֧˳ʳʣպһٶáĳ̰ٵ˽͡
ˣɵؿǺŷĳ̵Ļ˵صԭɱɹŲ壿
ҪĳʵҲǲŵġΪжδд˶֮ҲҪ׷ݵξݼ̹رʱ
ڴȴǧȷ˷ĳ̶٣ʵɹһ顣
Ǹͷʿɹֹһ£ɹһһ˼˾ĳ˵㲻ȥżҿˣЩĽ̶ѱץˡ
֪żҿǱߵĶҲ֪ӽڱڱĿǰֻǻֽ϶ѣȴ˵˾ӹżҿڡԼץżҿ빦»ͷĲԼ
˵Ů˵ûҲ£֪һǰΧ֮أ⵽ҲǿԽ͵ͨġ
г˵ǿ˲١Լ˭ҲǶһӮ˵Աõѡ
ˣͰżҿڵʵ˷ĳ̡
ĳһһæ顣
쵱ʱڳֻǺ˵ѣȴǲΪкܶ˶żҿȷʵϴһ顣
ĳһɶȺʳůıѶѱԺˡ
жһ̬ǱɹŲ壬ץڼ飬ʲôʱʼЩԱڶˣ
ĳԽԽأȻЧתԸĻɶΣˣرڴ󺹶Щһ֪żҿߵʳ˹ȥ
뵽Ҳסˣǣҹ̡


340 Сʻ괬
˵ӽԽУԽӽؽ磬ͷԽǸɺ
СϪСϪȻͲˣطĺӴ¶˳
ɽİգϰסׯڵճ٣ⷷܽŹӡ
ӽΪ˽;˰ҽеСòĽѣûȥżҿڣȻ˹ʺ˽ύ˳͢Թ
Ҵؾ֮߳ϲӽŸӽҲ˽⵽ɽһЩ
˽ƣ첻ɺϺȥɽĴ󲿷ְҲܻȥΪǲǹ⿿
ҵ˰ֻʮ˰һҾô͵˰ֻҪԱлһԲý˵̵󼫸ߡ
ҪǻںǲԸϸǿ飬޲ڸ߶ĸ˰˵ɣ˰ʾʹﵽٷ֮ʮҲʮ˰ҵ˰
ɴ˿ɼһôҸ顣
ӽһһţһ߶Աһš
ʱ֣ЪϢʱӽܵүٹʮأǻƺˣƺӱؽ֮
ӽһҪˣҲζҪϾܶࡣ
£ʱ򣬺ѾвũˡҲ֪Լټĺгô᲻ʷϺһ㡣
Ϊڼ䣬ӽù˰ٴȥ˼󳵣ϱŵȫó͡
һƺӣҪũôһʿдӣǸũ˸ǿ⻷սǾֿˡ
Ȼӽһ£漴һЩԭڶеĺ£ʼǰ죬Ϊ̽·
оӽΪ׸˾Ϊǰ棬ս䡣
˰ٴͬӽĺ棬ͬʱѾӺ˵ĳӸ뿪ֹһսµĻղ׸˾£Ӱ˾ս
⻹һ⣬ǷдڼϸȻֿԼͣΪҲҪһµġ
ӽ˾Ϊ̽·ȥˡ
ֻۣޱȡЩΪ̶еԵʣгһֱ죬ϰսɱĺƵе㲻ϰߡ
ǰĺ˵磬Ǵɾ˺ûھͳΪ˺ˡõľñ˿ۣõսð죬˺ֺͰ
еһҲ˵
ͷۣûн٣ֻͷ΢΢һ࣬ܿӭ磬ſ˵˺ȷʵһѫ佫ͬҲˣӦ£ر˺
û磬ζԸЩӦñȶԸ²ɶ˰ɡһ죬Ƭ˵ͣ
һ߿ѷ뿪Χ̿ʼϡ٣һ߻ش˵Ӧ׶Ըս޾ԡڸ˺ΪǶ˺սĨڡ˺ǴŰ˰׳׽²ūģҪ̫ǸɶˡˣǴ۾䣬ǧˣ
ʮµӦһǶеźˮ¹֮սʱ򣬾Ȼû˺£˸̡
ıߣ֪֮ѳ۳ʮ·ˡ
ڱ۵ֱӹ۲ΧĵΣֵ˵·̣ǻƺӦòԶˡߣֵǣȥƺȥ
ϡҹǻӦһӿ٣ǰɽ³ȥ
ٽƺ·һһߵͲƽ
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磬߶ҹǵľ鵽Ƿḻôһͱжˡ
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ҹطսĲ֮սɵعԵϵúܺáΪһӡ
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ҹǷ׷óԼóڵ沢û̧ͷۿ¶Źбŵ١
˵ǴڣһδصһȺټϾһġ
Ƕҹյľ飬δɵ˶ԴҲԴⲻ¡
˵ԼӺܶ鷳ҲöξǵʹڲпĶ²սл
Ͻ¶ժͷ΢΢̽ͷֻ¶һ˫۾ע¶
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Я廨ţ䱸ʽ
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ͬʱﰵ߶ȻСʻ괬
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ǰ˵ϵͬ˵˵˵ҲǣҪǺͷƵ̫Ҳɽˡ
һ˲廰ߣǱɽͷٿû¾ͻȥɡ
˸ƣѹץġ
ҹһСĵóԵĹ׼
һᣬ¶Х¡
ͻȻ֮䣬ʮҹȫվʮ֧¶񱼶µ


341 ڶ
˭ҲûϵͻȻ֮ᱻ͵ϮûһзĿԣȫм
һʱ֮䣬ϵֲȫһǰˤɽ¡
׾͸㶨ˣƵ˲Ųæػս׷˹ȥ
뿪飬¶ȥԷ󷽻
ˤҲҵģڸ±ܵʱмֱˤˣһˡǵսֻƥܴ˻С
˵ͷת򣬾ѱϵס֡
ڵʹһҹ·Ҳһݹ¡
ֱʱſ˭һ֮£ǲ죬Ͱ͵صء
һ֪Ǹʲôӳ¡
еִ˾ȻϵùľʵҲΪ֮ˣ˱㲻طѿˣ֪ҹ³ʶ㣬Щʹࡣ
˲ûϻش𣬿һͬ飬ûһˣеã
Ķӳ˭ĻʲôλãƳ鵶֣һϣˣԼʵ
΢΢еҹôԼĶӳһĮȻĺƣ֪ɱ飬æشС˵Ķӳڴӭɽͷ
ںεأƼ©˸⣬ٴʵеֻ΢΢ѹһ£δƤ
䵽ʱǸָĳͷʩˡҲǳԾУˣƶһġ
ܵıæڶɺӣǰʮ·
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һѵãϢҪ֤һ²С
س鵶һƯĻȣ˵ʣȻе
ڣ硣ڱϿźѶһƽӦһ
˻ȥ˺йݣѵã˺綨ᡣ֪Ѷݣ˼Եؽ
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Ⱥǵɽ¶ʱҲԼս޲ǹȥ
ʮƥս£ƺӷȥȻȴǺ죬΢Զһ㣬ˡ
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ʮȻƺӶȥһ·ûٷ
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һСߵأ֮ȥ
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Ǹû˵ѣȺȻڶɺӡȫˣֻʱҲǣߡ
󲿷üϸؼڸϡǻųǹ֮զһΪЩֻѡ
ƿƺߴѹ˶ǧˣںӵĶ԰ϼȫиǧӦò١
ʱȽϺõĹеЦȻľͷ˵ǹģǿǱߵǸˣеĵһˣã
תͷһۣͣƷԸȻѿ壬ϻȥ˺ľ顣
һ˵£æ̬ȣһǡȻ˼ڻƺӱ޷ĵطվȥ
ϸع۲֧ڶرעЩˡΪЩ˿϶ͷĿǵľ
ѹӵд󲿷ֶʱڻƺӱϢȴӡ֮Ǽ١
Щѹӵֳ˼ѣԿԿǲͬɽͷ
еһУһĺӣһλߴ꺺ӵ˾ˣǰϽɳﵽڻûϢѾϢˣȥ
㰡СëַˡȻԼҪȥҲ㣬ȥɡ꺺ӿԼеε˵
꺺ߵһ֮˴ʱȴڵҿǸеģЩûġ
Ǻǣܲ٣˵Ϊ˾Ǹӭ飬ҲֲǿԼԼԹһ㲻ԾɶԼԼСЩȥɡ
ӦһȥԼˡ
ԭʷϣʱδͶˣڲճЧΪӽĺЧӦöѾˡ
СߵϵĺƺȻ뿪ӣعٵɵðһ䣬æк¸ˣǣƵСߵصһࡣ
ﲢûзֺǣﳤȥ
·ҹգᱻЩײ˺Σֻһ˼֮⣬ҹոȥ
˵ӽǸմǸЪŵ˲·ǰ洫ٵ
ӽ˱ͣס˽̸ǰ棬ֿԭڶǰͷһµҹա
֮󻹷Ǹҹյϻһ˫ֵˣӽһ֪·ˡ


342 ս
ӽû뵽ȻӦɽʱ򣬸պñԼײˡ
ܿ죬Żİ׸˾̶ӣŰȥ
̶ӿµ£׷׿ʼϹ£
俴ͬѺųǰ󲿷˶ٸŪԭίһʱͣԭء
ͬһվ۷׷ףȻҴǰͷæеֶߡ
ұҪΪҲʳͲǵһ
忴ҴЦݹ΢һ㣬߽֮ʵ˺ôžˣ
ö˿ҹͶΧǷǳע飬ΧŲϢ
ҿΧЩеĿ⣬ǺһЦûʲôǰ淢ë˺ȥˡ
ж˰ȺһʵǸؼ⡣
ʱҷ·˹ٷŷˣشЩ˵ʣ֪ʱұ߿ˡ˺Ȼȥˣ϶Ǻܶࡣ룬úүðô
˵ͷ㵹Ҳǣ˺϶аգŻǰȥҪǵ̫򲻹˭ȥ
ǧˣ˺ֻ˾Ű˾͸ϹȥĻϾͷˡ
Ϊ֪Χ˴¶Ͳһ뷨һЩͷ˰̾Ų֮⣬˶ģߺԼĻ·
ӽŴ˲·˵ڶҹյĻر֪ʱŹһ࣬װܼªҲ¡
űٹȥԾӽƺӱ߸ȥ
˵عٵۣûзѱƵ˸ϡ
ʵͷŻٱڶɺ֮ǰǾѴ̽ɿһҲжʮ·ңֻһЩط綡۶ѣûоӡ
ֻھдʱΪܵνѧһ֪Ӷɺ֮ʣ˰
߼䣬ȻֶָǰеǸ¶һ
̧ͷȥȻһѾǣʼתͷ¡
ȻԶòǺһǾܣȻ֮ǰϽɳĳ
Ҳ˵һܿǹٱΪн⣬ȻǴ˿֮װɴ뵽֮ǰɳȥĳܿѳ£ֻе㲻ǣΪֻһѵǺͳƴ֮Ҵģ
֪ûãһӿٶ׷˹ȥֻץܽʡ
ԭǰܣҪתټ٣˫ľڹһʱ١
¶֮ǰȻǹٱʱڲӡ
Ϊֻǰ·ξھеʱ䲢˲Ϥر߾ľص㡣Ҫ֪׷ϵɶ߾Ļǲ׷ǷˡΪǧ֮ɶ߾ֻһ˶ѡ
׷һ·ǰƬƽأҰԶһվǲǽӦ׷ϵһֵǣΪֻһأ
ǰ֮󣬿׷ȥûܣǳ˱ڳսƵǡ
еʲôԣԷװپɶҲʤ㰡ǻиͬ飬ڵҰܿûٿٱˡ
뵽ֻñϷֱٱͬӦԼĺ档
æתͷһȻаظǣԼȻһֱû֡
аԼһȻ󺰵Ǻйٱת䡣
һһһȽŷһ˵㿪ʼת䡣
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ǰаװʼлʱһ
֪϶дӹٱ򲻿˾ҹա
ûʱ˼Լǵս˭ܻžͲҪսҪˣϻȥţֵǱٱ͵Ϯˡ
ͬʱҲڷҪӻȥˣô
סеҹ֪Ƶ˼ȹûͲӻȥš
ҹǿʼս£мĺƣ֮ļ϶γһµĻȣ˶ƣӹһ
ûɢӣǵ·аװսʤǼ֡ǷɢӵĻԷɢ׷ɱΪס
ֻжԳ壬пӻرšΪԳ֮󣬹ٱټתͷʱ䣬ºԶľ롣˵ƺӶɿڲԶӻȥӦû⡣
ԷʼųͶԳ壬еˣԷ۸ѷװ
ʱ壬ڻȥֵǱšѿˣһ¼ѶĹٱ
е˶ݻ磬ƽʱиνʽǷǳġͷûһԥ׷˵磬ڻ㡣
Σ֮ʼ飬һжԼڻ˫ڿٽӽУѾûʱˣѹԼĸһá
ƺֻ֧аٲˣĺ棬ҹգҲٲսһ
ڱвγһʸͣΪͷΧ棬
вʱѪӭŷһս尡
Ȼ˫һƨ뿪ǰ㣬гǹ˹ȻƵײ򷨡
ôٵĶԳУ˫ܣײǹϵĻƾǹ³
ҹһִ򷨣һգ۾ײˣû˼ʱ䣬˵ıƫתһͷ
ϾǾҹգڲʱеĵǹ˹ȥ


343 Ƽ
Գգۼͽսһһ֣һغϵսͽˡ
Χ˻ҹǻˤΪͷ׼ƴƵΪٶ̫죬ҹʱѳ˹ȥû¡
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ƫͷı飬æ󺰵ӡ
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װĲʱܺõ˳Գҹֻһ˵Ĵܵˣܿױս꣬ḻϱ㿪Ĺ
úƷԸҹտʼת䡣ʱ׷ҹմ߿񱼶׷ߵ
Ƶת־ۼһ飬һ̧ͷǰ񱼵պǰС£ˡ
ǣԸһ˻ر˺ѷǵټǻ׼
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ӽպÿ֮ǰǸɵʬʱͽӵҹյĻر
ҹպϴλĹжƺӱߵһ˽⣬һº󣬶ӽү˶࣬ں֮ڣǸɽͷ㼯һ𣬺롣ĩһǸ»ƺӡ
ӽͷָӵ飬㶨ͳɣֻս
֪֮ģ̵¾ͽ룬Ͼ˼ҲǾþսĽУָս֮¡
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ӽ˻ıӰȻߵĹ˰ٴߣǸȥ
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Ͼǧˣ϶໹ҧأле㵣ġ
˰ٴӽķԸӦлȰתˣлȰӽүİȫҪлǧ˵öԣǵȵȥɡ
ӽǺһЦҷֱһôǶСûģ
ǵʷϣگһǧ׷żɱġŰ׸˾֮װϻ㣬Ǽɣսɣֻò
ӽҲûǴ𸴣ݡһ˫һ˳ȥ׷׸ȥ
һֱû˵Ϊ׵ӽӣӽ˳ȥǶӽһäĿΣеźүɣôܻϴء
˰ٴл࿴һֶۣԷеΣӦǾֵһЦŸԵ£׷ӽȥˡ
ϵûǰǰҹգչû׷ǰ
Ѿʹ˾УذײΣǱ˳
ƵȴǲУؿԽԽԶˡ
ܵ˻ƺӱߣһһºޱȵĻƺӰ߳ͳǰ
ʱǧũȫɹ˻ƺӣڸҸ裬ǰϼһܻң˶һ𡣻Ҹɽͷʱ˻к뼸ҳ
ɳ۹ȥһһߴ󺰣ٱˣٱˡ
˵ͼУʵ̫΢ˣϾ뻹Զûĺݡ
һ˿ԶܱߺϵҲһ֣֣ʾѺá
ϣڴк¹Ŷӱʱǡÿ˷ɳ۶
е֣ôͻأˣôעһƣͷֲˣæߺ·ӭȥ
ܽܿıʱһЩΧͿˣʼָֻš
ٱˣٱˡ˴ʱսϵĲҲûеι쵼λ˺ú޹˼ɣֻһͷֵǶ׼ٱ͵Ϯˡ
˿ʼĽкҲһǱƬ̺󣬿ʼٱˣöٱ˰
ɧҴΧһС˿ʼѸٿʼӿٽŵ²ϸţ׼ԾܻȥڸŸ˿ʼ߼һʱ֮䣬ҳһš
ʱЩͷĿٿҲ֪
ƨ˶û֣Լ߾ҪʼܣҲ̫ˡ
ƻȥסţӻض԰ȥӵһɱϽԸߵһݶ΢ƣһ磬GĴ󺺵
ǡҴӦһȽйԼĸɶӣȻִֵܣǲԶĸϡ
һȭߵİѲϸţֻͷ˸ȥȻųߣסߺ˲
Ҽס˾ƺתӣСضĸɶ˵һٱֿ࣬סĻӶ԰ܣӾˡ
ǸɵأһԼʮҵľСʵûпס΢һ㣬վǰļתͷ˹
ҸϽͷ˵סˣǱߣǱߣϸŵģǵĽš
һתͷȥߺȣʱбпЩϸŵˡ
ҼǵעתЩŵˣתͷСɵû£ǹܺԼͳɣô
ôвУɵ¹ǻ£ġԱһԴһĺӵسñˣ治֪ء
ǿ˽ɵǼסôұȻʵ
ĸƨĺӿң˵ͷ
ͷҲԼظţΪ磬վ档
ͷְŸϽӣеĻҪ˭ľֱӿˣȻԼ˴˹ȥҪ龭
ܵ˶ѱԵʱͷѾˡ
һ˵ˣͷʣʲôٱ˶ˣ


344 ׸˾
һſ˵ȴԼûٱ֧ӣжˣﲽֱ٣˵ƿԣ
֮һĲճǸƢһ˵󺰵ôˣ˵
ʱ˵Ѫֲ֧࣬סˣһϹȥ
˲òôһ⣬Ѿعˣ˿شҹգǰʮһˣֻӻ˶ѡ
ӭ鿴Լһĺǲϧսӣ֪ʱ϶ܽͺͰ˵𼱣Щֵ˵˵Իжϡ
мؿ۾˾ˣȻش˴ʮҹգǰΧǣȻŵġǸװǴӹٱ˾ҹաֵǵڻӻŵġ
ʱŤͷ·ȻЩҹա
ͷһ̧ͷȥǺӰϣʮϣվǿǡ
ֻǿһۣûٹЩҹգô˵жʵˣ
ͷ΢еػشûҿԿ϶ٱ϶ܶ࣬пǾ񡣡
ŵͷʾˣתϽпоӸպ·ǲ֪ǽնɺӡΪȫҽһӷһߵ˹ȥסֻôҹո·ǧ˾ͱܻȥˣǶ·Ͷˡ
ԣܲ˵վһȫԻĴܸŵ
Ͻͷ죬Ҳ˼ɳһЩֵȥЩҹգץˡǸϽӣͲҪĸɽͷˣģȫųɶ׼ӭս
ͷͷͰڸֵǶ˳ȥȻʼߺӡ
ƿӰߵֺҳһţʱֻҪ˺ۻ若ɣܰǶ»ƺȥ
ЩԹĽ²Ƹоѹֲġ
δǧʱЩгʮⷽ
ƲŲæһֵ£Ƶһ򣬶ЩŴֵܿʼת׼β·
˺ڸӦòҪ̫áĻ˾Ӧû֪ͨԼˡ
ͺɵ̬ͬͷĶеţδ֪ĵµģ±˵ˣ󲿶ӣǾġ
ͬʱִڽõʵǸղſǼֻǴ·ɳȥĳͻ˶ѡȽ٣ǧܴùӻǱߵĺͷ´ɱ˲գۣҲл·
Ͻһ£ֽлͷ죬һ׼ֵеľ񣬵ڵһߣñЩں֮ڳ˾񣬾Ͳֵˡ
Ȼƽԭ֮أĻǿЩӱȥĹٱȻų񡣾һӱأҲؿߡ
ȻأΪ߾ΪϽµĵֿ֣϶ˣȥǰӭС
ɵҪߣе㵣ģֺһɵ
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һ׷ƵĶУǸȽϸ֮ˡһ׷һߴŵ飬ǰҹձʮ׷ţȴңʼյǣһ룬š
һеˣղĸλͷ㱨ĻʼҲΪôд
ڿǰЩҹ£Ȼ̡Ҫ˵̵ǵսȻ˵ȥ
׷ɱˣͺĵ˲Ƕ˿ףսԵҲҪأôȥĻᱻԼߵ׷ϡ
ôʣ¾ֻһԭˣȻĳǵԮԮڸǵԮдǵ
һ뵽ͷʼǷȥȰͷȻˣ龪һҲùӭͷƺ̲ϡ
еʱԽԽڸһ׷˼·ڷԶȻ󿴵ǰһ¶ϲϵ¶һӶӵųһ
һȺȻͬҲע⵽ˣ׷ŵøϽת䡣
ҲѾע⵽׸˾ĳ֣һһҹӭȥ㱨µһ߿ʼת
һµ˹ղ׷һ˱׷һղű׷˱׷˵ˡ
ڶǰͷѿǰ׷˵Ҳ֪вǺԶˡ
ɹҹյ֮봫׸ʼ٣Ҷпʼ졣
Ҳҿǻԭˣһƽ뿪ٵҲû⡣׸˾ǰ׸˾һ߿еȵǰͦһ죬ȻܽϺõرסΡ
Լҵİ׸˾Ǻأĸ׷ǳӶмҲҲ֪ǹҪ뷢ͱ͡
鲻ЩԼֵ֧ʱǻˡ
֪ǣܺ㣬˺ʱҲá
ǵСӮǳԻңԵоػغħˡ
ӽսĻᣬһμũҲе棬ϾһҪء
ںϣжũ޵ģҲжũڵġΣӽȻѾԽǵȻҪһþġ


345 ˮһս
ƺӶɿڣһͷǵŬ£ǧһģгһķ
֮ô죬ǵ㡣һǸͷ춼˺ٱ࣬û⣻Ǵ󲿷˿񶥵ǰȥˣپĻͷҲɵӣ϶þȥ
ˣһǣͲˣһŶͿˡ
ϽѾԼģŻƺӱź͡΢е⣬ߵĲճ֪ʲôҪôô
ճܵĹԵšϽ²ףʵΪʲô
ʱŵıˮһսƺûطӣֻоһսҹŹپˣǴӮǵġϽ΢Դ΢еؽ͵
ճ࿴˿е㲻صǻиſô
ϽȻⱳˮ֮սļƲߣл΢еûףһҪǹپˣô죬Ի·һҲԳ
⻹һԭ򣬾֧ȻӵΪףչ黹Ǵںö˵ĻõǵľͲ˻޳ɡ
Ҫ˵˸ţƸ۵ľĽбˮһս϶Եģеǰս
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ճõͷܾе㲻ԣȴ벻Ǹӣ벻Ͳ룬׵Ժ
ྲྲͷµСͷĿһѲһߺţЩȻöȴڽͷӶļһ졣
ЩʿЯϸԼϡȻǺףԴӳɾ֮һֱǱߴߣ߱ߴϸϣܾܿûˡ
Ըͷ춼ûҪʿǰϸӵ߶ѵһҶ˵ˣҪϸ뿪ܲһ˵ˡˣͷһϣ֪֮ûһô󲿷˵Ƶ
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еĺܶﰵ𵻸棬ϣĹپûжˡ
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Ǹϣ¶Ϥõ·ªݵսЩǸղȥ׷ҹյֵܡ
˳һԭԼˡֹ۵뵽ֵܲǰЩҹոɱˣȻձ˰ɡ
뷨˺ܿʧˣǿЩֵܵúܿ죬ٽһЩܿǵɫšЩһۺϣõһۣЩֵܣ
ճȵõۣɫеˡĻ϶Ǵ򲻹ĵ׷ǣ֪ǧֵܲܵסֵĵˡ
Ͻʱ򣬾ͷǸҲӻǸ򣬴˸ĳ˰աǰЩֵĳһȣС׼ס
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ǣҲ׷׿ʼøԵķʽʿ˵ģôһ裬ЧľͶõķ濪ʼ
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棬ȴŪ˶ˣЩ׷ŭЩͰ
ڸӭıϣԼŶԵҹգжսȫûġ
Ŀӭ飬˾ˣ̿϶Ӯģ䱻ƺ̲ϣ
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˾˲Ȱʱƣãа̾һʾ۵Ǳƶ
ڣԽԽپʼڰ¶Ӱ


346 ɽ
ǴʱŰϣ뿴þʲôپ
ֻһǹ¶˳ǹͷϵĺӧӭҫ£ǳгֹǹ񺮡
¶ǹԽԽߣͷʼ֣žϵ
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¶֮סƣվǵĺ棬ֳһһһ·ֹس֡
վеǰͷڿҪԵĵ֮һѪ׼²ɱһήȥ˹֪֮򲻹ĵˣҪӲȥƴɱǲ¸ңɵð
˶ԵĶ֣Щپֳʲӡ֤֪ǾǹپһŽһŵĳ֣ĳǳȻиĹپûг֡ѹһ¸󣬵Сգۼʹ˱ıԵ
ڸϵȻСҲ²ˣֵܵɵ˵Ʋߡҿο϶򲻹Щٱһܵʱ򣬼ǵøңɢˡ
СͷȻˣɵô죬ǰ档
ҵǸһ£Ȼشܣɵа취㻹ǲԼɡ
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СҲֱܷ֧ǸͷľҪˡ
ʱУĽ֧ҪǸɵҲôһ֧Ļһɱܺͷ
ڰ׸˾ǰ棬Ȼ֪иĽľӡʱŻƺӱߵӡ
ˮһսûƸ۵࿹ȴûӦеƣʿȴѵϸô֧дӮĿܡ
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벢ҪսǰԱڶǰ棬ѹϵǹȡ£ǰһָȻʼ
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СҲǻˣֶεùԸϾתֻﻹǰӵ
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ʵӽ뷨ҲΪЩũǺڵũ߽ȷʵһװľ
ڲũ꣬Ǳ췴еΪǱʽģûзչʷרҵ췴ʱ
ӽ˵ũһ֮֮սϵʽչȥЩũǱ׸ɱĽ֡
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ֱʱлȽŸϵߣͶɱľ


347 ս
벢ûŻƺӰ׷ɱֱ׷ţռȫźŻɽؽ硣
ͨӵƺӶ԰ɹԶ࣬ҲûȤһ׷ףעǼɽؽΪ
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Ϊ֪˫ζܲȵսȻٱͶɱһҪܻ˭
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ˣƺηһũܵñȽԶ׷İ׸ܻ׷ʱָЩũ˰ٴƣǴŸȥסǣ˭Ҫ翹߼ͼܣ͸ɱ۰ɡ
ƱȭǣүȻһ˳ȥͬʱкֵǣߡ
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ӽֻһЦû£ս϶ѷֳʤֻĴܶѡҪǱӵ鷳ġҵģȥɡ
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ӽǵں۹ʱصľɽͺϵİʵǿܹġ
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áȳ桱ʱũ֮һƬ档
ȻվڵʱũҲ˵ǴˡûóԣȥֱٱĴ׷ɱٴǾû˻·ܵ˾ɵӡ
ӽսѾˣͶĵߣȥ
ĵӶǴƽΪ˵붫ѵʱ̫̣ѵҲܰսϵϸڡ
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ˣӽһ˵ĵû߸˾ʹ¶ƺӶɿڶȥ
սһɣԹǲġǾǾ˱Ȱոϱ±Դ󲿷ũʿԣǱ߾Щóͷͬս档
ƲԺ󣬲ûܣΪ֪äĿܲȡ
ͣڹ۲սϵ˫̬ƣȾͱܿ˰׸淽򡣶ҲûŻƺӰߵζܣ󲿷˵ĵһܻôҲ϶ص׷Ŀ꣬
ԭ㿴ûлӵ԰ؽȥΪ˵Ǳȫġ
ֻԻӾѣЩԼӾäĿε԰ȥͬ鶼ƽĻƺӸû嵽ȥˣŵ԰ʮһ
һͨ԰·ţһʱ͹Ųռˣ˵ôʿڣǸͷ죬ԼͲܴӮ
ôһҾ͵óһۣķʵȫܷΪǱߵ١ֻҪһƥкܴİߡ
ǣҸһж룬ѡһʵĵطװ
⣬㲻ߣɨսҪǻ첻ȥͶҲùڻ࿳ɱʱͶҪõ㣬Ϊսϵʿɱ˳ֵʱ࿳ǳ֮¡֮ʿָԣԩɱͻܷˡ
û뵽ǣװһҲɵװ
ϵСشкͷ죬Ӣͬ


348 Ҫ
ػҲǳ߾ȡ˺һģʽûµʱк
ΪеΣʱҲ˲ˣҵ˵һһӡ
áӦһȴе㲻м⵱ˣļƣ˭ں
⣬ʱľûô˭˭Լǲôɵ
һ󣬾үͶɱ
һ֮£΢һڻûǲˡ
ȻִӽĻеõһϢ֧ͳ˧ԭһλү⵹ǱȽټѫڴ֮Ƚϳ֮⣬һ㲻佫Ĺöࡣ
ɵѡģպ֮ܿԶ¶֪ǸүӦþеһˡ
ǣԭΪ˺ͷΧˣڹ˺ͷĹϽΧɽΪӻù١
û뵽չӣײһ֧һλүľ񲿶ӣ첻ۣ뵽е㲻ġ
㲻еңԼĸ¶Ӧ׷ɱԼҲȼֻ֮ԼѲ˵ĻԺǾֻԼˡ
뵽ʱ򣬺ȻԶ¶ֳַһȥ׷ԼЩܵͬˣǣ¶ֻʣһɿڶ
Ǹʲôү϶⼸УΪһ͢ĺүȥ׷ɱܱ
ʲôʱôսˣеԺˣ۵ɨսִ󲿷ƺȥ׷ϰܱˣֻٲڼӹͶİܱûֽսɨ
ҵĶûӹߵػصۣҵĿתӿȥҲӽһɿڶ
ػҲһˣҲ뵽ǸүǼ棬һе㾪档
һᣬøһֺ֮үԭǸˡ㲻֣ҴӸ˵ֳֹ̬ܷ
Ǻү·йһһɿڹһ߲ʱĺ˵ʲôָսָָġ
һᣬػط߸˾Ȼڵķ߹һͷͻȻԺУץסǸүЮ̡
ͷһ֣ʱػػȣ͡
ҪǳɹˣתΪʤػƱؽΪеĵһˣӶȡطпܻЩװߴүթĶ齨һ֧ԼľӡӴԺƾеľ񣬲˵ս£ֻؽ֮أʹпΪˡ
˵뵱ʿǺʿȻ˵⻰˻ûг⻰е˼ȷʵڵġػس߾ȻǷǳܵԼӵһ֧ľӡ
һ濪ʼ뿪ԽԽջ޴ԽԽܴܿӴ˷תۡ
ҲΪˣʼסӽ
κκ£߿ܳΪµһֻۡӽһһ·ػشʮʱ򣬺Ȼͣסˡ
˵ػؿǸүࡣ˵Ҳ̣룬ΣػҲܹȥסӽ
ػؼֻèһ޲ͻȻһԪһƯ椣Ǹ͢ĺү
۵ؿʼ۲Χڶɿڵѷֳһ˿ʼɨսˡζǺܿͿܻᱻװʱ򣬲Ǻƴ˾ֻͶ
ôһػظżæԽ
ȻҲڶų͢ĺүػһҵǹûҰס
ҵĿⶢӽˣĻɵеҲػͬ˼ӽҲûа취
Ŀӽתһػأ
ػزûа취ǿӲ˵ôֻҪǹͿԡ
һˣ֪ôͲˡ֪ʱǳܶʱְĿתǸүʾ֭
Խĳ£Խ벻ԽУԽ벻ټػʱʱشһеץˡ
쿪ʼˣӽһͣһֿʼǰߣߡ
ҺػشϲҪڲǺʵʱЦٺһҲ
ɾʱػصС˼ˡ⳯͢ĺүӴδɨս͹й䣬᲻ʲộ
ѵǸ֣˵еĶܣǼһʮָ֣ΧûˣսҪװʿ䱩ˣһ͢õĺͲûô
ػصת˼תתҵϣһ⡣
˵֪˳ƻƻˡǸٹ㱩ܻܾȺֵܶܡҲң
ػشǣȳ֣ԳǸүӵôȱѵҽǵĵһĿ꣬ػؾͿԳǵעʱ͵ϮǸү
ǸүӲһٰǸүܻˣôػҲڳ֮ˣְֱҸߣ쵼ܻ֮ү󲿷ֹҲػصġ
ػʳ֮󣬾ͶҿϣһھӦ
ûʧϻشá
ػԼĻش۽ǵЦ⣬ȻܲµС˼
Ҳûа취Ϊָʹػȥ£Ͼͷ֮һԼֻϽµĺСͷĿѡ
˵ˣԼҲҪǸ͢ĺүػصҪԼĿһ£𲻴ӦҪġڳֵķգҲûпǹɷȻҪǾ͵óеա
ڴػ֮󣬾ͲȫעضӽĿһ߽
ػĹ۲Щɨսʿ䣬ЩʿɨˣɵֿʼǺүûЩʿȹˡ
ҲҺûгǺүʼ˵Խýˡ
û뵽ϵϸȻֻһЩöѣЩǵļҵˣӽղſһʬɢһɵ÷п
үΪǽ鱦ҪǸǮҲȥˡӽ࣬һƥľ룬Ļһ䣬ȻŸ̾
ԼҲΪЩʬеһԱץ׳˺д˲ͬ°
ȷʵǣЩһϣǵսҲ϶̫ˡӽΪĵķʶֻǰĵһѽ̸һ㣬ҲǴԽĺ֢ȱǸʱ˵һֵȼȴ¸еƽ׽ˡ
ӽĻԼĸм֮ʱȻ˺ͷһʬ徹ȻˣٶȻǳ죬Ǵӵϵһվץٽ˺


349 ȸں
Ĵ֮£æһСġȻε͵һƨɣʹ֮һǸװ
ӽԼĵı֮ʱһ֪ΣգܵһҶȥ
վңٶǿ죬ĵٶҲ졣ûϵûаεǵһʱ
ȥץӽĽţΪӽպһܣ΢һ㣬֮ûץ
ŵ׷ץ֮ʱսͿײˡȥץӽĻпץţԼײҲᱻײˡ֮£òһתʱȱܿͷ
ôһľ͵ˣֻһ뷨˵˺ֻӸٵղܵ˹ȥϮ˺Ļᡣ
ڶս˵£˲ϡһֻӥסҡ޴ĹԴˤڵأ˫ʼ˴
ӽ༸ҲѿװվǵλòλãûĵķӦ졣
ǵҵʱѻ˺ࡣ
ӽ㿪һץ󣬷ϱĴԼ߸뿪Ȼ˷һ𡣵סսе㵣ĵĿŵڲģͬʱ˵죬ȥһѡ
˺ԸϽȥġ
˭Ҳû뵽˺˲ֹôһ
ػһѵȺʱڵ龰ͬԼԤϵһ㣬˵עеϡؼǣӽڶҵĹȥĺҵ˴򣬲ԾøպõػװǸط
һõλãػдϲҪӦɴ¡
ػشӵѸһץӽͼӽһֻϳһذף׼ܵӽϡбҪʱ򣬾ӽ죬ֻҪͳɡ
һ߶һ߿ӽĻûзӦڹעǱ˴ҺǸǵ⼫ˣȻүĻǲ񣬸֪ôΣպͱԹ
ػصֽҪӽʱȻһ߾Ȼػֱñĵʹ
ͷһֻһǹ̴ԼϵĿףӺ󱳴룬͸ӣǹ¶档
ǹͷϵĺӧѪʹɫޣ޵˸еۡ
ػֻеȫʼʧʹһҽУһ˿ʣعڵأȻȥ
ڼ䣬תͷ˭ܴɣȴŤͷźȥˡ
æ˴֮⣬ӽͻһ߾ѭȥʱֻ˺ҲߣһһǹӺ͸룬
ӽǼŵòϵȥû뵽Ȼ˺⡣
ٲҴ⣬Ͱ˺Χ棬ȻΧעϵЩʬ塣
ӽ˳ǹƿȥ߶û
ӽ֪϶뿴ΣգͶǹԼһ
µûڸǱ߿˺ɿڶͰѺȥӽӭ˹ȥ
û뻹ûͿװϮ˺һʼΪ̫ԶӦҿ赲סˡ
ڵڶ˺ʱѷӦˣֹͶ˸մժǹ
ػص֮ʱûзлȸں󣬻һ
һṦ͵ӽߣһվӽӵ棬Χ
ʱǱ˴Ҳ˽
ں˴ĹУ۽Ƴæػڵص֪ûϣܵǳ͢ĺү˴ȥ塣
ҸɴطеֿõõյһȭһȭĴ
Ĵ˼£ֲԼѹסֹͣ˷;û˼ٴվ
ӽȥæĻѳ߽֮󣬾ȥ
ûȴסǣһһ˼Ҷˣɱʲôɱˡ
Χڴɨսİ׸˾ʿ俴߷Ҳ׷˹˺
ӽߵһӣʮ˸װϮѲ¡
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ʱѱãѺӽǰ
ӽѪȻҲôһ˿ôһˣٵеġ
ɵʵǺˣ
ҼȻѾֿˣȻװʿ͵˦ͷ˦Ҫν۾ѪȻ̧ͷӽصң֡
ʲôңӽܴ󣬶ҳ˾棬ҵҽܡ
ӽķӦڳ˶еǳ֣ѵ˺ʶ
ԼҲ֣ԼûôɣũҲֻһССͷĿѣδһҵ͢ĺô˵Լ
ӽʳ˴ҵʣүʶ
ӽں󣬿һ˵ı飬֪ԼӦˡ
ӽҲܹɣĴȨĻʵۣĩ췴ͷͷ֮һ˳ԼǰװϮԼͼתսƣκһˣܻᷴӦ
Ҳʶӽʣҡҡͷش
һźó͢˺֮䲻ݲһϵرڣôʶأ
Щ˸뷨ûӽȴʵ


350 ֮
ȫסˣԼգǽŶ
үջʶԼȴʳŶѵүԼ֮ǰ֪Ĵˣ
Ȼһ˼뷨ͻȻѵǺӾȻڳе٣үˣ߾Ǻүйϵ
ôҲ񲻶ԣһûүô֪ԼԼҪˣ
ӽ˿龰ҲԺˣӽүǺˣйϵô
ӽĿջ룬ǺһЦûǴĻӦĸɶ֮һ
һү˽ôϸѵǶǺݣˣ
ҪȻĻΪ͢һô֪һʮĹ¶
뵽е͵ʵ㣬Ƕʲôˣ
ôһʣ֤˸ղӽ˵û
Χ˺һ㾪棬֪˺֪С
ӽôһʣҲһ¡ʲôˣʲô˶ǰֻ˽Ŀ¼ĽΪˡڼңȻҪʵİ
ҺΧ˵ı飬Ȼ׹Լˡ£ȴַûǽ͡
ӽֻ֮ðڳ˹ټӣɫһүģʹ𱾺үݵùҶ
ӽôһ˵ѹ˫̫󡣵ӽ֮ǰƶϳү϶붨оɣʵشսǰѰڸŵˣս²˳ӦѾܵصˡ
ӽһսɱΪԼĺЧӦλʷϵĿӢزˡ
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һ֪Ǻ£Ͻž͵ôߣʮꡣ
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ӽҵĻشа£Ȼתͷ˵ҪôߵСʹҡ
ǣү뱧ȭشһȻйߵһ׸˾ʿ䣬ӽȥЩɨսͿѺսͬȥ
봦֮󣬾ͻعȰӽүȥǱЪϢɣսɨϣĩȥ档
ӽһеλ롣ͷãҿ㡣
ֻǺǺһЦ
ӽ빰˹֣ǵлȻһͷղվǸ¶ȥ
Ǹط⸽һߵأܿɿȫ
ļӽҪߣæ˵үδã
˺Ǹʲô϶йϵп˺ʲôˣֻڴǰԿڡ
ôһǸձԼòҲ̶õΪ常ϵһĿɲҳƺΪˡ
żȻ˺˺ϹϵˣǲǸ÷ҲҪɰɡ
˺·һ㣬ת׼ߣľͲòӽĴˡ
ӽĵĻתͷңʷĴBOSSÿ㣬ˡ
ӽֿѪͶĵˣȻϼӿܡ
˵֮ӽת¶ȥӺһְ׸ӽ棬˺﷢㶡
û˺ϼӿܣôǲɰˣѵǹ˵Ǹʲô常
һͷһϹ룬ٿ˺ıӰ벻һֻýй׸˾ʿ䣬ǰ˺˼Ȼȥ׷ӽ
ɿڸİ׸˾ʿЩͶеһƺӰԶĿյϣøԵĿˣһͬϼǡ
˴ɨսУһеսɨǻҪעû˺СԿұѺѺȥȥϵǲ
Уʱа׸ѺŶǶǸսС
Լ˰ʱ׷ȥԶİ׸Ҳսˡ
ͳƺ󣬾͸¶ȥ˺棺Ҿˣˡ˶˶ռŵʱƺӣײʯԼǧˣ²ǧһһʮˣʬʮߡˮԼһǧңɽؽһ©ֻٲܻصء
ӽһɽߵũץˣ͵Ƕסɽһλᡣ
룬ͷ
ӽڿԼΪ˺ǳһ£ֻǲ˼˵ͼѷֻŻ˵Сʮû
˵ӽ¶һ˿źӣ͸ϽпƺӳˣĿӽصأǸ˵ӻصصġͷصصĵطٸĲңӦҳүġ
ӽǵͷûͺáô;ĻеŤֻлζ
ûʣѾعӽߵĹ˰ٴɶ˵˺ղյºһӽʾү·үȫҪеʲô飬ˣҲ޷ϸԺ󲻹ܺүʲô뿪ˡ
Ҳͷǰүǧµġ
ӽǸû뵽£ôһ˵ҲеԲǡԼ£ǱĿԺܴشá
Ȼֶߣȥ²Ӧץٴ㡣


351 ջ
˰ٴһæϡ
һӽ߸ŶۡͺƵҹգвְ׸һ˺ƺƵ£²ᴦȥ
棬Ը׸ȥӦͬǺЩ˶ǰսϹ룬ȻŸӽһˡ
ֱĹ˳²칲츮طԳƴİ˸ӭ飬ųƴӰܣųƹǵ彧˻ݵ࣬ųƵӵ彧ʤųȡ
ʬҵкųϽã˳ϻػصӦųƸ۵ĺһΪЫӿ彧ųӰɣųƲմ崨Ŵϵȡ
һҪ죬ԳƲܲٵûҵ
ӽЩ֣ģҲûģЩ˶ĵġ
ӽĵֻҪԺˣͿ϶֪ˡ
Ѿ׽һһûϢ
иԳɵģûҵ
ûӡ󣬾ַȥЩйԳɵϢ
һӽүû˵Գ֣ǲû֧У
ӽҲȷһ£ǸӭѺ
һᣬһۡͷ׽˫޳ĸߴӱѺ˹
Ǹӭ飿ӽȷϵ
ӭս˺رץģ귷ľտûˡ
췴ҵ꣬罫֮ˡΪλ͢ĺҪȷݣɱһӰ٣Ҳ£ȻشĳǣҪɱҪ㡣
ǧлǰ棬˵ţһӳ˹ȥȳүʻʵش𡣡
ӭûжܣӲһޣŭл
лһˣҵңǣҪ
ӽüͷ΢΢һ壬ʾһ£лȥ
ӭһΣĳ͢һ˿øУӽ
ǲǽԳɣӽʵ
ӭһ㶣ԼһûнԳɵġ
һʱҲʵԼʱҲ޹ص֪Ϊʲôôġ
ûСӭϧػشӽ
ӽˣʷϲ˵ӭԳɵľ˾ˣڸӭŽӹţôӭ˵ûУ
ӽŸӭı飬û˵ѵĺۼʵʲô
ӭֻ֪Ҫүȥˣ֪Լ֣Լֱ˵˳
ŶˣֺҲ˵ӦԳɵԭӽʵأ
ӭҡҡͷҪ˵֪֪Ҳ
ӽΪӭ˵ҲǿģϾ
ǣӽȥ䡣
ӽʧǣһͻ˵ˣʬƺӣҲӻصˡ
ӽ΢΢еʧҲáΪص֮ٺ͵طٸƽϢũ£ŻȽϷ¡
ھ·ֱӾײũץ˾󲿷Ժţƺһֱ鷳ˡ
һԳҲˣԼֻҪúøʵ۰ũĸӸԳɣҲˡ
ӽ뵽ҲͲٹעԳɵ顣
ǰĻһ⣬δǧ²
ӽԼҪȥ·ĹٸӦԼ֧ǧľӾвٵѹҪٴǧеĻƳԵⲻǺܺý
ǣӽ˿һСᣬ顣
ӽȺȺɷΰá
ӽ˵֮û˿ڣ΢е䳡뿴˶Ĭ˵үЩʵֻǼ񣬳͢һԭǲԭϼӿܡ
ӽҡҡͷûó˲űҪǲԭĻгԵô
֪ؼǳԵ⣬͢һǲȥعٸؾ;ȼһ㣬ûľֻǻῴǣٴ췴
ӽͻشó͢ùܵӾС
ͷ۵վ˵㣬˰ٴʱҲ廰͢ãԶˮⲻ˽ʡ
ӽͷȻʵ취ûУ
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ӽһæҡͷУУЩǴİգôɡ
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һǰһӽȴҡҡͷãЩǴģ⻹û˲ס
ӽܴһƵˡ
ǺǣǺүһ¾ˡļƶչȥ˵ˣҲ˵һ䣬оԼүĻ˵ԵԼݺ˲٣΢΢е⡣
үʲô취ˣ˰ٴҲȤ˳ӽĻͷʵ
֮ǰ˵ҪһȥżҿôͰЩս򷢹ȥˡд裬þʦǱ߰ˮ೧ɵżҿӽ˵Լİ취
ⷽȷʵǸİ취żҿǱдʳ¶ô졣
ле㵣ģѵүЩȻ֮ǰǼ񣬿Ҳ֯ĶԿ͢һȥǲǻ⣬Ҫżҿô죿
лĵĲûеЩ˶¼֯Щһľҹ᲻᲻ٹǰĿӣֵ̽֡
ӽһ£л˵޷Ǳа׸˾ڣЩ˷졣⣬ũеͷĿô˾ͷˣЩũһ䵽żҿȥ
Ǻү˼ǡһ˵һѧ֮ǰлƣֳɵһ


352 δ
ЩũеͷĿδãӽлеԥģֻ֪ЩͷĿЩũʿһˡ
ɱĽ飬΢£ҡҡͷҲ֪롣
ͷĿҲûжˣ˺ɶʱ봦˶У롣
ȻũĴѾˣӽˣȥЩͷĿмѺ
Щũһֱڻֲ̿У˵˵ͶɱΪޣΪ⡣һʲôүǸͷһнˣתͷְͶ˶ɱˣǾͲˡ
ȻǿЩеͷĿֵһط΢˵㡣
ȻЩͷĿֿˣǿ϶ҪԴҪԴǲЩͷĿˣҪֿһֱһɱ˲ʡ¡
ЩũͷĿʱǻ̿ʱ˭Ҳû췴ܰ곤ĴΡҲо֪ôһ죬ֻû뵽ô
ӽûЩͷĿѷֿ׵֮һ˵ȵĻ£ũʿ²ڵأЩڵϵũ
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ŵȫ̧ͷֲ̿صԼ˵С
ԣү͸ġӽһ©ڣѺ˵˳ϽĿڵǵżҿڣٸʮꡣ
˵ЩũڣͬˣϸĿڵȥżҿ·ϱã֣ܲżҿںΪꡣ
ЩũһŵżҿڣҲţ·ϲֻ֣ܲҪ꣬ѸٸǲǷôԹ۶Ǹٸ׸ɵأһԼԵģͲǿѡԼͲܴԵģȻҪԼ꣬Ǿ˵ٸܷҪˡ
ôһӽϵ͸ߣһб֮ߣһ¶Źֵɫǿϲ
Щũʿڵʱ򣬲òϣʱ̵ĹٸΧˣҲǾеĳԣ޶ȥżҿ£ڷԳԣڵʼǣҪҪ·һ֣ùٸȥꡣ
ӽǵ̬е֣Ҳ⡣
ɫɳѺЩũлʮЭ·ϵĹ
Ѻ͵İ׸߳ûԶ˴̶ͬӡһٻ˺ð˰ٴͬũѺͣ׸ֻһ٣˵ȽͬѺػƺӶɿڡ
̶ӵ˿ٱѺô֮۷׷סû뵽ǰս´ôҿǴӮˣôӭϣԼ̶֧Ӿ뻢ˡ
ȻֿЩٱѺߵũϲһ˿ɥں֮ɫһϲɵָеơҪǹǵɫΪЩӮأ
˵һЩضܵΪ͹ٱĹϵãЩǱʶضΪˡ
ԼҲƣպÿһĽǰһ¡
ǿϢһؾ棬Ǻ棬ͷļ˾ΧҰԡ
Ұ˺Ĵ˵֮Щ˷׷׳˺塣
ݵ͵˾Щݵ˰Ҹԡû취·еģôʵ£»˵ġ
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ӽ뵽ս֮ӦûԤؾʦ˾ʦ֮󣬾Լʱˡ
˵æʱ뵹Ҳˣôһһ£ӽԶͨݵİ棬ɵú
ϣӽĵÿ˾ǰ档մԽʱ򣬰ȥӽʱ˼ɵʱʲôͰġ
ʵ˷ӽԺĻֻгʵۡж֪ˡ
ӽֲܺ⼸ȥĺЩڰǰȴû⣬ϰƽ⡣⼸ԭһûӽ
ŽѰ汧ڻźĸ飬ӽ;еƼˡ
ӽȥǸطʦ⼸յĻⶼ˰˴ϡ
õĲͷҹѺ浽˴ʼС
ڶƺƴѺͷ˽ʦþʦյĻһ´Ӫĳɰת˷
͢˹Ѷ˴̵к󣬵˿ʦշ׷ӵȥ˻ܶӵĶǰȥźЩ顣
ݺɨشɨ͸¶ҵļһĿˡ
Ѷ˳ҲϾͳˣʹǰҲڵʾ
˴̵ļͬ²ϣһΪ̣˴̵ֱϵͬıżҿرΪն̣˵ΪݣŮ̷˾
ڣһְ˴̵Уÿ¥궼ߵؿߣЩΪƲҪĿɳΪ
ȻҲһˣγ͢˶ٲҪԳˡ
ûãʦһȵõϢְЩ¶Ժȥˡ


353 ߯Ĳ
ǶָǼ¥һ¥ÿ̨һһӣһ׳һڱߺȾƱ졣
磬ôûǸ׳˿Ż˼ºǰӵ˵ȥþƺ׼Լѿ˵ľƱ
Ǹһִ׳þƺֵô࣬ǣ϶£Ҫȶˣʱк±ԩǲ㡣
׳ڨڨһЦ֣ǿԵʵû£ҵľء
˵֮ʱ۾Ƴֱ߰ŵļվƺ׳˼ͷ۾һգæתƻ磬ˮ·޺ˣ治ˮڽ·ǼõĲϰ
ԼתƻˣҲ⣬˳ܵĻĵǰ֮ǰ˵̽ˮϢҪһͬƵġ
׳ڰ˵ʱȥ˿ŻȻصǰô˵һֱûж
ӦûдϢӦûǵġӵûԣ¿ӣ׳
׳ͷȻҲ˿ӣͷսӵ磬ԼǲϢ˰ɣ
ҡҡͷ֪ȴȻ֪ˡ
ʱ¥õһƣһ̼ģˣ΢ɨһ۴ú󣬾ֱ׳߹һһߵܣܣǾõˡ
׳Ͱһ̧ͷȥǴ磬æվӭӡ
̼ߵӱߣ΢ɨ棬ֶЩ¾ƲˣͶԹ̨ǱߴƹģЩʳȻ
׳һæʵ磬զˣô
̼һӿʼвˣ׳ʣͻشһȥ⣬ȥˮ೧Ǳߡ
׳ͰһϲæʵˮϢˣ
е㼤˵ȽϴǱȽԶļ˹֪ôǸ
̼ҡҡͷˮͲҪˡ
׳ͰһһæʵΪʲô
̼ش𣬵Сߣʳˡ
׳ͰֻӣСŲλźʳ
ֵ̼СȥּһͷŶλֵ˵Ҹղ˾Ϊ£͢ʦĸзǰȥˮ೧Ǳ߾Ĳһ¡ҶҸ㵽һţǰȥ̽·
ˮأ׳ˮΪʵز쿴ˮĹЧرǰЩʱ򣬻ȥһΣˮʵڲ˾̼ˡ
˵ˮ׼ֻ̼ش⣬˴ˮġ
磬ûûȥӵûаעֻˮ档
û£ҿԴӣίλ͵ܵ´ˡ̼ҧ˿ͷ׽˼¾ȥȻŻش
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׳ͰһҲʼͷƴԡ
Լʱֵ֮͵ˮ೧ǰĹ㳡ڡ
ڴŵǱ˾ıҪʾ˵Ȳڡ
̼ʾ׳ƿȻг顣
ָŲԶһֱȥǴ𵽴ߣץҪӵġ
ֺ̼֪˴ĹأûرӦӦһ󣬷ԸǴȥ
ڳڣֵֵ̼磬˴ôбأôϣ߶Ҫӣ
̼˽͵˴ˮಣ͢Ϊ˷ֹ䷽йܡ˵滹нأ³ǵǧߣô
׳Ͱӵͷ
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оƽ׳е㵣Լشô᲻ȰˮĹ㳡æƿһ£ûһ˿Ȱĺۼ
һ־ſҲǱ˾ıڼǰһˡ
׳û˿Լʹ˼źƲһ߿ԼŵĵطȻû˿ۼ¡
ʱ̼ᣬɿ׳ĶЦŵҪ˵ˣ㿴⳵ӣгֺۼˮ·ϣ
׳һƣûкۼɵö̼ЦЦȻСǰЩˮҲûһ˿ˮ·棬ǲ
˳󣬺׳һֵ̼󣬰ӣȻſȥ
ڳӣȻǲġ
˱ļ󣬾Ĵˡ
Ӻ׳ŵĵطе㾴ηֵ̼󣬷·ͻõһ˿ȫС
û뵽̼Ȼվס˽ŲӺ׳Ʋײֵ̼ĺ󱳡
磬ôˣΪʲôˣæʵ
ǰ̼ûнֻͣԼȥ
׳ĸӱȽϸߣĿֱԽֿ̼ǰ棬ͳˡO͡
ƹ̼֣Ȼǰ͸һ鶫š
һĸоȻֵ̼磬ǡ
ֺ̼ԥشײˣΪûϵⲣ͸ôߣû뵽Ȼô󣬻ܵá
磬ôô׳ʱҲˣû֮ǰô˼ȥʱڴʼмǱߴ˲ǱȽСġ
̨µ˾ıһֱע⿴˵ûײϲţǸ׳Ǹһ֡
νشӻͳһһĴ˼һߵݸףһ˵Ӯһء
ֵȻ֪˻òģ׳ƣŲƿλȽȥ
˶ȥƹӰڣ˴û˳һ


354 
ص㣬صǺȻ⡣
̼˸оǵòڣһ¶Ժӡ
˳̧ͷϿеİء
ֻÿһξһĲ裬߾͸Щ
Ҫ˵ҲһЩӵķߣǸߺǰһʵ̫ˡ
ֵ̼۾Ƚϼ⣬ݶĲ͸ղſڼĲͬҪ͸档ĲȥȽģȻ͸ȲǺܺáֲ⣬о̫ɹǹ˹һ飬е˵ˡ
ǰи̨ӣֻ̨вʣϺķı
̨һŵӣÿ֮һССķ輸ڲ輸ϷһЩе룬ǿʲô
̼һ£ʮˡʱвｻͷӶ˽
˻ڴ֮ʱ߹һԱǹֵ鷳
̼ó˺ͱλӣҲݵܾܵͱŵ˿ǽһš
ûʱ䣬λ϶ˣдʱҲˡ
̨߳һԱȻߵϣ׼֮ľļ¼
̨еֹͣ˽ͷӶվ̨ϡ
ȰŹٲߵ̨ǰкǷ׷׼
⽨ʿụ̃ĩѾʿũ˵ĵλ˲١
Щ˵ıվžʦĳ佫ѫסҪǣ˺ǰҪ֮ϵۣǮ
֪˺˼̨Ҳȭ֣һ£Ȼżɽ˵дݣۼҾͲظˡۼҵ¶ֱ࣬ӿʼɡ
ǶؿŰ壬
̨֣һ̧ŸֲƷǫ̃ǰЩƷһƵļϣÿֲ·һ֡
Щ̧Ʒȥ֮󣬰ߵ̨ǰŵЩ˵͢첣ĲԭǸõĹƷڳ͢Ǯ֮ʣÿóһĲԲ⡣
һſڣ͸ЩǸ߶˲ƷõĹƷʾЩг۲̫͡
ָŲƷߵֵЩĲһôˡۼ˸ǽЩƷ
˵֮󣬰֣Ӻ̨һˣ򰲹һȻʼ̨µ˽ܸƷ
µȻ״žܲ³ǸģרҵʿĽܣкöಣƷôʵࡣ
Ʒʵ࣬ûʱͽˡ򰲹һͻغ̨ˡ
ɤӣЩ˵ע⣬ȻеЩƷһڵһɾۣ۸ߵá
µһæ۾֣мÿ²ж١
˵֮ȵļƻͲ׼ٹˣ߻غ̨һ£ˡǣתӼô˼͢ٷ֮һŻݡ
һ£¾͡ˡһƬˣû뵽͢־˼ȾȻô󣬻ôҶ˼
ڰ˺̨һ˳ǰ̨ʼǰԱͿʼ¼
׼ǳɱɲֵǮҲһЩƳģߵҲѡ
ЩܱģȻʶˡһ֮󣬾Ϳʼྺ
Լ˶֮󣬾Ľ˿ʼ½˳
Ӻ׳ӵ̼֣˱Ƚ϶ֻ࣬ˣһֱﵽس׳̲סˣ磬Σ
ֿ̼ܣ̾һȻ˵̫ˣû밲ֻ֮ͣʮ׼۳ɽˡ
ʮ⻹ôӲʵ
ȻˡҲ룬ǻõĶʦкܶٹ˶ûϡҪһóȥҪ˵ЩʵڣǴĲ鷿Ƕã˵ⶫ˵ݣͻòһ㡣˵Ǯ˼һǮô
̼˵һ̾ϧԥˣֻҹҲˣֹҶһǴġ
磬ǻ´ûϵġ׳һ̼̾Σͳ԰ο
㲻κö˾֣ҲΪҸĶȲ㣬޷ġһΣ׹Ҫؼˡֿ̼׳ش
׳һͷû˵ˡ
ˣܣܣԺÿȥһ˼͢Ҫƹ˼Ӧòֵġ̼ĻϰĻܵ
Ӻ׳Ȼ⣬ھֵ̼Ľͺ󣬲Եɡ׳һЦԺÿô鷳ˣ治
û̼һЦ׳Ͱ˵治Ĳҿһƻˡ
Ӻ׳һ̼֣ͬʵʲô᣿
֮ǰ̼˵ˮķƻᣬˡ˵ͨбһˣҲû׬ǮȻǵϸߺڣͨбǵۣûԺ飬Ǿûˡ
̼˵лᣬһŷƵæѯˡ
пǴûУŻߴǼõģҲȱݡ̼һص˵
ʲôȱݣһʳ˿ڡ
ܿ棬Ҳܿ档еʱвǲǣʱҪжڵˡ̼ǰҲ˽һ˵˳
ӣ
ԣӣеεӣǲСôûȤһ̼ǴҪˡ
׳Ͱӻ࿴ȻһͷãǸһɡ
˵֮һǺЦΪҵһ׬Ǯˡ
ǲ֪Ͻһ˱Ǹˡ


355 Ȱĺ
ھĽ֮󣬵һʱϽǣѵһεľĽʵۡ
ϲ£µĲֻҪܴﵽԤĲܵôǧ˰֮࣬⻹ȥʹô˼Ż֮Ŀ
ǳʵ档һЦ⣬·񵽽Ԫһϲ
ʵһ߿Űϵۣһ˵۽¶Ц⡣
ݱµͲֻ۽¶Цˡ
ѾκڹڲͳҰ˴òĴ̼׬Ͳôϲˡ
ʵۿ֮󣬰۷ϣ԰ɡ
л¡˵ٿһͷȻվ
ʦ˵ǾˣʵۿЩӽ˵ӻ׬Ǯ˾ˡ
һˣ˰Ѿˡ
йԤҹӦǣŲæش£δﵽ˺ȡ
Ŷ
£ⲣһϺڲˢϺᣬȷʵӰȺʹõͭ˺˵ĺϼЧвٲࡣʵϸ͵
ʦ˵ֲƷΣʵһַֻϣָ棬һӽǷһʵ
£ū֪δҵճڲϵķ岻źۼػش
Ŷˣ޴ǸӦǹ»㡣ʵ۴Ӱľ˵һϲѲ¡
һᣬ°òҪٽȡ¶׬һЩ
ū澶ʥЩ˶Ǯ˵ĲӣЩ˸ǮʱüЦӣ֪Щ˿϶׬ö࣬´εľ϶ἤңʵ˱֤
ֻΪûĳ˸Եе̶
ʵۻˣԴһ㶼Ϊ⣬̧ϵֻµȻȥɣѱξݸڸ󶼳һݡ
ǣ¡ӦһȻ˳Ųתȥ
ʵ۵鲻Ǯеʱɫ˲١
˳ϵһܷӣ򿪺ó
Ǵʼÿı棬ΪҪܣһֱǷܷġ
ʵۿſţɫתһĵϡ
Ѷξ棬ȻҪ£ǾͲҪˡʵ뵽һߵ̵ᶽж
ȻʵǷۣгЩмˣǺɸ֡
ûһᣬٵؽŲжڵſڣ첽ǰ׼
ˡʵ˵֮󣬰۶жǰٴ˵㿴
жʵӣе֣̿öûôˣ֪ǲԼԭѵ˸Լ״
ۣ
жϣԽ۱Խã˲֪ԭġ
ʼвͨб飬жһֱǲ֪ġ
ۣ׻ҪöԸˡ
ж֮˫ͻϣȻȴʵ۷
ԭʦķӣذͨбռٵļˣ޶θǰʾȴأſ͢ѪͲҪˣ
ʵۼжˣԼĿ
˵ǣ˺ʲôãĳ̫ˡеڸģΪ²Ҷǡж˳ųʵ۵˼Ҳʵ˼棬˳ʵۡ
ʵûд𻰣վǷۣĬ
жϻû¶ģὨ飬ֱӰǣǼң˵кöǮƿɵá滹лϵˣ⼸ҲǸԴ񣬲㶯ģסû˵
ʵһᣬ¶˾ģж˶⼸ҡհЩͨб޵
ǣ¡жһʵ۵Ļ˼ڴͨб⣬аղ»һѻˡ
ʵж֮ȥ˿ˮʣǷʾбȫ֡
ʾֱ֮Ӱ۸жȥʼУҪʲôϢֱǡ
ԭӽ׼гֶΣЩ֣ӶپܶͨбҪٵ֪
ʵڸˣж֪˾жǣͷˡ
ж׼ûʵֽסʵʲôô
ռϢ˳ʵдһʡ
жһ΢һ£֮ǰй㱨ڳʵʣôӦòʻ㱨顣
һ£ʵ£˵֮⣬շ־ʦƱ䣬Ŀǰ׷С
ţ
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Ŷ©ġĸڸǶôʵһüͷʵ
ر£ɰȸ浽˳츮ڸֻǰйע
ʵ˺һ£жʦ鳭˴϶ǲ׵ġǶȥЩڸػЩƲ
ǣ¡ж
鲻Ǻܺð죬һЩ֪вƲĶѱɱˣڶعƶյ˴ϳ͵ķ˵ȹƾͺ;ʦƱһЯǱˡ
ʵۼȻѾˣֻܵΣץپͿˡ
ʵж֮¾ʦ£ûƱһ©ģ˼Ʈ֧ľϡôˣ֪Ӫˣ


356 ޺
ʵǣҵӪʱոս³زһ֧
Ӫͳگϣȡս𱨸档
սԽԽ࣬ƽԭ©֮ߣǳϢ˿
͸ղս£Ϊⲿ˶࣬о裬ȻӪж磬ͻȻϮǳ
˧Ҳսˣˣʮˡܱͨµ
گˣ˵Ŀת˻Ƶù
˧Ҳսʮһˣ˰ˣ˶ʮˡƵùһگͱȭ
źȻأ˵Ŀⶼת
˧Ҳսʮˣʮˣʮˡ̬΢еȻµگ¡
گȫ֮󣬶ղ㲿˾裬ǰȥɨս±Ϯ´ǧעˡӪʿһһǵʧô
ĩڲگָߵԭ֮һ̵̬ܽȣش˲گ
սһսʮһˣ˶ʮˣһһʮˡ˴̫Զ޷ǲԱȥˡگܽᵽеȻԱ޷ͻȥôȴǵĻֻһ³ˡ
گɨսʱսѾɨϣӪʿɱ򣬲С
ĿջԲܡơߣȥԱ
˵֮һǣԱõضȥĬĬظš
ͳ˵ĽʿϷͬ͵еĳʳվگ
گһ߻һ߼ǵЩ˵ĽʿΪп׵ıƤ֮ˣֻҪף޶ɵ÷Ĳ١
һʿϾȻ߹ȥʵθˣ
ش˧⴦Ǵǰ츺ˣѿˡ˴ش
گе죬Ŀʹֱƣ˵΢΢һ졭
ش˧ԪСԪмگӡ󣬵ش
گͷĵʵĲˣ
ԪһأȻһͺˣү֪ǳֵǱ𣬲ⲡºȡ
گЦ£Լֶô
ܱԾվıϣ֪常˼ǵԼθˣô£ЦŻشСӲ˹ݣ̲Ҫ漣ˡ
ԪܱƱʵԼɵе㲻˼
گһתͷԪеҼСӣɱ¸ҹȻãҲҪǵñԼһƴɱͶѹˣλǸΪ֮¡
սϵ֣һ¾ʹԼֶĻԪи˵ԭĳظԪн顣
ش˧ˡԪоεɱǹΪͬ۱˼ѵõ⣬ͬʱҲ֪گ˵ʵػش˲گ
گͷȻʼ̽һ֮
ûв˵ģΪˣ򡣿һЩԱگľеء
ЩԱҪôȱ첲ȣҪôɱУࡣ
گӪأûʹ޺֮෴ӪرȸԱڵӪҪˡ
Щ˿گ޷վ񣬾ĿעŲگ߻ǵͬۿگ׷
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ܣȻߵһһ첲ĽʿʵʲôҪ˵ô
ʿŬſ죬ʹ࣬϶ػشҡҡû
ϵͬ۰ͷʹĺʵ˵Ͱ˧˶ˡ
گһ̾һһ㻹ʲôԸô
ҡҡޡʵ۵˵ֻðĿתͬۡ
˧˼ɱùȥͼžҲ޺ˡȻͬ۽˵޺ɡ
گĬĬעһᣬгźȻԱ
ڲگԼǶû˵߶ʱŵزӰЩԱ
گһԱ΢˵󡭡˧ҵȡؽԡѴ־ˡɱɱҺˡֻ󡭡ֻ˧ٶɱɱһЩӡ
˵ЩһϲԱͷһᣬҲһ˿
ʱ˾گսɱĺӣ۽Ҳһʪ˫ֱȭЩԱնشλֵܷģĳڴģһʣֵܰѪծֻģ
мԱگı֤֮һɣĵȥˡ
گ۾˼ӣȶŵֻҪҲĳһգڣӪȫ彫ʿλ㡣
˵֮󣬲ٶԱӪء
گЩھͲ͵ӪʿȻתԸں˵ɹӵĵֿԽԽǿң䲻⣬ӣǧﱼϮֱۿƶо䣬ݺݵس⽨²߹
ͬ
ءؼϺŴ֮ʱŵԱ֪Ҫ
磬ȻԼ
ӪʿΧżѣ֣صľ񣬿սѻΪҽһǰռǻұϡлᣬһǻعڣصԼĹ硣
ͬʱҲһˣڻصĹ磬˵棬ͶūĵطˣǷĳ̡


357 Ӧ
ĳʢʱ·ϵ˻ࡣ
̵֪Ļ𣬽ԴӰ졣ϢһҪô֪ӦԵԽͻԽ⡣
Ҳˣһ·񱼣¶ޣȺûǷ࣬ϵʢ
ʱôһһȦټһ㲣ͷң֪զһΪǴǸɽҰˡ
ĳֱӣ˫ʹһԼĿǰΣ֪ģûȥһ
ʢߴĳǽ˿ȥ˴󺹺󣬻ؼҺúϴ裬һ٣÷˴׵ķһ¡
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ʢԽԽˣߵũ຺ܿūŮ˵ı΢΢мûһ֮ʱƵˣע˲ڽŵ¡
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һߴ񱼣һšȻǰŶһ֧飬סҪǵıؾ֮·
ȻԶǿó֧һ֧Ķ飬ģǺܴôͳᣬӦòǳȨƵ˼ҡ
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358 ϢӶ
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ڵļ鶼ŷĳ̣ǸŮѷĳ̼۸ôң湻ݵģ
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ЪϢһ֮Ѻũ죬žúǰ
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ӭ˵ӽɨһӽߵĻ⻹ҵġ
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طû͢ĸ߹жԼôģ΢΢е졣ղԵӵ˵Ҳûм⣬еһĴٹ˲һ㣬΢˵ߺ޵飬ӽصذ³֣˻
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кùǻðŵԴķ⳯Ϧӣطȷʵ
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ڴҶѾˣȻҲ첻ԣ͢߾£ʹ˵Ǳ߾˵ҪӣǷ֮¡궼ʲô
ꣿǲǼǴˣ͢յϢĸûоˡӽһԴĻũ˵ˡ

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ֻǺһĺ¶˼ӣ¶һͬ鿴졣
ֻǿһ£ס˿̧ˮӽܼǴôҼȫҵľùΪãӶƤͷʵû취͵͵ȥؼҡɺʵڴ򲻵ΨаƤסǹˣȡһʳɾҲ֧Ų˼գҾͰҲ˻Եģҵӻûסˡֻĸ²ô
ӽˣΪźпڳԵģԼսƤףڽҵĵǹˡҪŵʱ򣬷˿϶Ǳͷʹޡһ˴Ӵ˷룬ֻΪƣΪ˺ܻȥ
ȻֿŻǮһȥԼľȴûһӰźΪûгԶǰ
ʹӽûоҲһ±ޱȳء
֮ũû˵ٱҲûһ˵еء
һᣬӽȻеơ
ڡӽһߴӦһߴǰӽࡣ
ҲǱ߾ǱߵΣҪʵش𡣡ӽƫͷźʵ
غүµľҲòȫģֻǲһֶûƱȭش
ӽͷִ֪ġ
һ¶һΪȻȴֹӣջû˵
ӽȴɫһ˵ʲô˵ģ˵ԺҲȥġһؾʦ齨¾£˴
ʵӪһԱڹˡӽ˵Ժһֱ£дϲҲûй˼ɣȭصү֮ѻһڣûв˿۾õĽ졣ֻڵĹҪԽ²ǰ˿۾ãƽ²ʹˡǰ˿ۣ϶Ϊս£Щʿ췴
ӽһ˵ев̾˿ЩֻҪпܣ;ܵѪ
ԼǰΪٿ˿ۣҲʿ·ϾӲͬũ񡣿ԼҲ©һҪأʿ䶼Ѫ⣬мпڵˣҲҪҡ
ӽ⼸ũС죬ȻЩû˵Ҳܸоÿ˶һҵĹȥ
иũʹһͬϲ䣬
ǣӽԸѰֵӽ⿪
˰ٴһæʵүҪǷˣ
ũһؿӽǸ죬Ҳˣעӽ
˭˵ģֻǰӽˡӽеЦã˰ٴ꣬Լû˵Ҫˡ
үһΪ˵ĻҪǷˡ˰ٴԼ⣬е㲻˼ͽ͵
ү⿪ӣһô죿ǧле㵣ĵѵ
ӽתͷЦŵ֮Уܸҿ
лһҲǣлܵǾˡ
ӽԸ֮ҲûЩũĸл֮һսܵ˶ǰ档ееƣҪ͸͸
ĻǸû˵ֻյӽĸǰʵү׼ôǣ


362 ˭ϴ
ӽû˵ֻսǰ
뷨ԭҲΪũȲѲ췴Դ󲿷ũҪԸΪǣлĻᡣ
Щͷ췴ũ죬ҪͷɱһӰ٣һе㲻Ҫ췴Σᡣ
ӽڻƺӶɿڼũӣһӵӶûУѡоһ˿̣Ҫ˵ŹǵͷȴҲûУֻһʱ벻õôһֱˡ
ͨôһ̸ӽ𺳡ԼҪǴǵĴδѣӳôʣµһ·϶ǺһˣΪԼ϶ǵĸԡ
ӽţǧл˵ү˵Ҳֻһ֮ʣүȫš
ӽתͷһۣת˻ȥ˵˾䣺
ʵ˰˾ŷ֡Щũ˵ʱı顢̬αǵݼǺܸߵˡ
ӽܵղŵӰ죬Ǻܸߡ˵Ҳû˸˵ĬĬڸ·
ûжãͳ˻ƺذʼˣȷе˵Ѿ뿪˻ƺˮӰ췶Χ
ƺԽԶɺͿʼĿ
³ӽӡӦ︴գһƬ̵ļڡ
ҰΧڣȴֻкٵɫ׺ٵϻûˣзɹûֻ
ٵѾ߶꣬Ĳݶĺܸߣһ֪кܾû˴ũŻ
ӽŲԽԽļ֤Щũ˵²м١
ʱǰȭүȥǰˣ
ȻѾ֧ũ˭֪λ棬ǷũӽͷԼСĵ㣬ȥɡ
лүƴӦһҹֵԽ飬ǰȥһڷ
ڣӽǰһЩϡľߵýˣЩ֦ѿˣóǱȥƤҲһ룬ʵʲôô
˰ٴ˲ʶֻҡҡͷ˵ˣǻ
ŶӽӦһû˵ǰȥ
ţǸ˵˵ѳԵƤ˳ˣǰ⡣
ȻԽǰȥûƤľԽࡣһ紵֦·Ǳǹ·ɪɪ
ӽһ·󣬿ԶиСӡ
иҹվڴڣϻӽүӿһˣܾ֮ǰûˡ
أˣӽе죬ӵķݣ񲢲Ǻҹ˵ܾ֮ǰûˣҲͲũ·Юǡ
ҹջشֻҡҡͷ
˰ٴԶĴӣµпǽ˰ˣҲпǵٽɽȥȥı·˰ɡ
ҲֻˣӽšûȤȥͼŹٵߡ
ûжãһҹϻӽүǰʮҵĵطСǣɹͣ
ӽҲǴˣƺӶɿһսһٰ׸Ͱ˰ٴͬѺŷ²żҿڶȥһ롣
ھֻٰ߰׸ͽһ˵ӽ̶ӣͲüڣԺԼġ
ӽ˽µصͷԸӿٶȣǰǳЪϢò͡
漴ȥ̶ӣʼӿٶȡ
ֻôһͿ̶ӺĸС
Ҳ֪ʲôʱ̶ӵģĸʮҵСѡ̶ӵҲûǣΪǿ̶ӣҪԵġ
̶һӿٶȣĸСͱˡرһСȳȣһһյģ䵽
ǰǸӣߣĸСͷġںǸȳСֿԽԽԶ̶ӣö˶˵ѵ˰ɣϲˡ
ûеܾȵ常ӦӱϾСǰѵûأͲԼĿ·ʱȲͱȳ·ˡ
Ǳˣ׷׷ϣҪʲôã޲üľԴϡ
׷ϺˡǲӣΪ⵶常̡
İҲȰˣ磬Ƕ˰ɣеҲ򲻹Щġ
еܸ常ӡе񣬻ǲͬ⡣
㵹ûȰԥ˵磬Ҫɣ磬ĵ׷ȥ
һ԰˵ߣ׷
˼Ȼͣת˵常չǵģҶǻͷᱻ常ġ
ǣĸСһ·ôһ̶ӾԶȥ
̶ӵıӰżȻ·пʯͷһ⣬վסӡ
ϷĶüͷѵҪŵҲˣΪֲˣ㵽ҪʲôڶǴˣ͸ǶҪ㣡
磬ǵģˡ˵꣬ȽϷشӿӣȻܵ·ȥˡ
Сһ˹ȥ֪Ҫ
ֻܵ·ߺ󣬼ǿʯͷһƽ֮أƽӺʯͷ׼طʹһãΪء
𵶼⣬ĵ˵ĶԣеҲ򲻹Щٱȥ㹻ˡ
˵꣬·ͷѶ˵ں󱳵Ŀϣٰ·˻ȥȻ̧ͷԼ⼸ֵܣǺǵЦˡ
һЦŵ
ƨôʱ䡣ߣȥ׷һȻͷתǰ׷ȥ
СҲȣ棬ȥ׷ӣ׼Żǵ常


363 С뻢Ѩ
ʮ·˵Ҫ̫õʱ䡣ΪҪչ˺ŵ̶ӣҲһʱ
ӽҹ˵СǣҲͱ֮ʱر־Ĵ£⹧ˡ
±һ߶ཨפӣɹϮ¡֮Ѷս£פģС࣬ͳͱĹԱǺڵزһְ֮ر
ƵǣվжξĵطȺӽ˫μһͲһˡ
ӽ۽źӭȺǰͣ־æͷ
ӽϣЩˣһӡǺԼũȫϵµ
Щһ޳Уɫ󣬻вǴ󸹱ӡ
ӽӡϾͲˣİնгƤˣЩȴôãǺù٣ô
Ҳûзܲƾ޾ݵһͰץɢưɡ
ӽǸˣػеġֻǾӸʵ˴һж·̣
־һû˺ô䵭û뵽⡣
Ҳҵæ˵ʹ˵һ󱤣Ի߼ұԼʮԶ
ӽüͷһ壬µʳޣٳ
ҪһĽ־˵лͣ㲻ϡ
˺ʹһҲǲҵġ
־벻Ҿ̧ܾͷԥ˵ʹɱªûеطɹפǷôפϵɹȳĩͳԺȹȥ
ӽû˵־룬΢Щ֣̿ﵽûеطɹפһ֪Ҳƭˡ
뵽ӽ׼˵־˺û˵Ϊŭˣæֵĩûƾ˰ұԺʰʹЪϢʹƲ
˵ӽЩӵĴڡԶΪòԹɫСԴʡ
ǲԸЩദΪ˵ˣүʹаɣ󻹵ø·ɹȳģ·
־Ͻйһǰͷ·
֮ת׼˵ɶȴӽûžֱȥɹȳˡȺӽıӰεظҲǣҲǡ
Ƶǲӽˡ
־ľǻƾˣԭر˵ʹȥұԺЪϢʱ򣬾¶׸ûӽðȥұԺЪϢˡ
еƣô˺ͱĹٲһкõطЪƫҪȥЩЪһ
һᣬ־뻹ڷǰһ֣ǲʹˣ
־һ߿ǰת俪ɹȳİ׸һߵԹʹͻ׼ȫ
֣ʹΪǽǶھʦȨƿ϶ܴҪǶģ
ƾ˺־Ĺϵãǵ
־ͷҲˣֻӽ˵߾ߣֲ
ͨ˵ũȻײʹĴøȫû³һֱǸ֣˷ѹǮˣϲ黯ΪУһ˼ôʹĻϲ
־һᣬߣȥ׼¡
˵СǸ˵ĶˣǿһСʮ·ͽ̶Ӻ棬û˿ƣ
ϵɹȳ󣬾ھפǰصƣѰҡ
ٱѾˣҵ˹ﶼûżˡ
ĸСΧһȦɹȳϵһ¡
Сİʵ벻취磬常᲻ᱻٱɱ˰
ѻ죬Щ춼ûɱôܻɱ常ءһյѵ
취ôȳ常ѵǼֲ֣һ㶼⣬Ҫ
Ҳô˵˾䣬Ȼӿʼ˼
û취ͰԴתʵ磬зô
Ҫзӣ˵ˡҡͷϵʱ򣬺Ȼöˡ
æվǱ߿СһҲ׷վǱȥ
ֻƳö೵ӣжֳֳȵȲһ㣬ЩӵĹͬǳװ˳ԵĶ
ĸСھдˣһ֪Щ͸ٱȥò͵ġ
Щ򣬻һߵıرҺӪǱߣȻŵüͷչ˿ϲصа취ˡ
ŵؿʵʲô취
常ھӪǿԿ϶İɡЩ˶ӪͳԵģߵ˿϶ʶǾͿԻȥԼӪȥҡָ֧˵
ǵͱϾСΪ׸˾פҲǺũһ㣬΢һ㣬Ҳз϶ġ
Ҫô죿ʵ
ʲôѵЩٱǲɣں˵
ǿüͷѵ
ЩٱʶֵôΪЩӵСȥġ͵
ãߡͬ⣬ţ»СҲô
Ȼ˵еҡҡͷǺף롣
ʵѾͬˣڴӣԼû⣬϶⣬Լģá
Ȼô˵ˣСΧ취ûŲʼж
ûа취һֱ룬ʱںţ֧ӵβҲ뿪˱ţٲжûˡ
ˣһŵ磬Ҫûģȥˣѷˡ
˶ȥӪˣûйٱҪʲô硣ô˵ʵǸӣΪ½ȥץ
ͰҲżˣֻ˵취ûѡأӣ϶벻Ǵ磡
֧ѾһֽӪˣβҲ뱤Զȥ֪ҪٲûˣʱҲ˲ˣһŵߡ
ǣĸСȥӵ˿ĸСҲ⡣˾ģӾͲˡ


364 
ѺųӹİںͰ׸˾ʣر־ȥʹӽȥò͡
ֻǸչӽھӪʵҲûɶ顣˼ȥ￴ΣرʹӦˡ
ǣʮǧлĴ£ͬͷ˰ٴķۺĵһӽƺƵڶȥ
ӽ˳źû·аգֻб׳ڵ·߾䡣
Щ׳װ֮ǰũˣֻǻȲϾ֮صı׳˵ӽӡоӵӡ
ߵķҲǻ͵ģש߷
ӽе㲻֪ӦҲǹŴ߼Աʱطϻȡһֱʩ
ǣҲûзֻǷ٣ǰ
־һСţҴ⣬ٴǵӽˡ
еʱ⣬Խ飬Խ顣
ӽչһ֣ҪĿĵأƾ˵ıԺʱһߵһȺؤʽİգӿ
ıһˣΧ˹ȥеǹЩա
ЩȫȻˣһߺЩһߴԩ
磬ӽһӿģɧžͷӽǰ
æԽǰסӽؿЩաֻû˺ǾûвȡһĴʩ
־ŰˣϵЩˣԼæгЩˡһʱ֮䣬֪ôӦԡ
ӽȻܲˣԸлǴ
ǣȥ˼ˣȺֹǣȻñȫ֮ŷ˹
Щһӽǰ׷׹򵹺ղү
ӽĪԩţ·״ˡУϳ˺ڵӰӾеƻ档
б۾ر־룬ɫ԰ףȻˡ
ǣӽúͻһ˵ʲôԩ龡ܸ߱
Ϊ׵һͽϴİհ˫һ٣Щ˼˾ͱ첻ԣڴؿӽϣӽﵽǵĿġ
ʹҪر־룬Ƿǵٺ»ǰܶȥˡָӽߵ־룬ŭ˵
ӽһ㶣ûɣٺ»ѵЩ˻ǵٵĲɣ
˵Ƿٺ»ӽʵ
ǰЩ˶ǰ̫ǺͻϹͬȡ
˵⻰ʱӽоϵı֣еԺеεӡ
ӽͷת־룬ʵ˵ô
־ʱѻˣҪ˵ŵʹҲѾŵˣӽͷǵġǶĩϽµ
ӽںʱôҲ̳ɵģֿٴԽС˵˶ĻҲе˽⡣
Щλ͵ˣΪȨܵƣܴºְܶҵˣǵٺ»Ļͼ䲻⡣
ӽûģԼˡ
ǰЩˣĺؤûﲻɵ룬ҪԪ飬֪ԼԼһֽĴӣ֪кθ롣
ղ󳼣ҪҲҪȫٺ»ֻһҲУĺӾöǸ߼ӽڷʹߵ
һҲ׷ĵÿ
ӽôһޣعҲ˲Ԫ谵ĸˡ͵ͨϰգҲҪһǵѲС
ǣתͷ־Ϊβٺ»
ʹĩʵͷδǵٺ»ĩҲΪ־ӽ͵
ôǶҲǶɣٽӼõ㡣ӽԼں˽⣬־û˵ѣ˵
ǡ־ҲһˣҶײӽʹӦӽȻԹһ絽ر죬ʹҪ£ɢȥ˰ɡ
ЩԭûбϣֻƫƧطѵôһλᣬһղ󳼣˵ڻϵϰæ¡·ԩˡ
ûϣȻ棬ϲ׷׿ͷлɢȥ
ҲûҪ٣رˣʹһߣеˡ
·ϳôһС֮󣬾û⣬Ŀĵأƾ˱Ժ
⴦Ժ¾ʦĺԺʽ佨ΪԷ𽡱שߡľʯ漫ɣղżЩȫͬն
ӽôãѾеǸûΪЩŭɫ
֮һϲˣһϸݡԺڵǸƽһͣ˭֪Ƥˡ
ӽԭֻǽ飬ڿº󣬾⡣
ֻǲ죬˵˳ҲԶʳѾˣܲ˷Ѱɡ
һˣֻҪƺȶ˻Ͷࡣӽʾ£ǧлͶͷ˰ٴǾƣҲȳľƣȶ֮ʲôʼ˵ˡ
ӽֻĬĬţ˺ܶϢر־ν󣬻ƾ˺Ѳϵɶͬȵȡ
⻹ʲôŮ˰֮ҫĻ⣬ӽԶˡ
оĴ󲿷ֹԱѾˣ֮仹иֹϵһԺֻңָӣü׹ԱȥԼҹԱ²ôܴﵽԼҪЧ
ӽһ߳һţȻһ⣬ҲǶũǸδõİ취
ǣԸٴطƨˣسӪȥ


365 С
ӽеŸղŵ뷨Ҳ̽ѯʲôˣֱӳ˳ǣפضȥ
ҪſʱӽȻ־Ӫſж
ֻʿĸСӪŴ˳
ĸСʮӣϵʱ򣬻ڳӪصľʿ֣һ㶼µӡ
ӽе棬ӪŴסĻҲӽͣ
ʿѿ˭æһ߾
ĸСȴҲݣǱӽķȴҲ֪һȺӪŶæӪŵһߴ˹ȥó˽Ӫŵ·ת
ӽĸСԲͬһС͸ˡ
ĸСֵܣǻӪأʼʱΪʱȽϻңӪڴ˻ᡣ
ûҵңΪ˵߶ʿˡϣ˭ҲûĸӺϵֻǰǺӪŶѡ
һһȺŭʿһʱСݶˣֻһ߿Ų˵
ô£ӽָĸСǼǳľʿʵ
غүĸС汤ڵĳӻӪأĴҹ䣬Ҫʲôأ˸ǳһʿ˺æش
һСӪƻľʿ㶼ôĸС֮󣬻ҵӪˡ
ӽһһ߿ĸӣȻһ⣬ҾĸСӵġ
ҾӪڣĸСӻصأҰɡӽ뵽һ䣺湻ģҲģϲ
ĸСΪ׵ǸʲôүһֱǿһȺҲڶǿ
ĸСϾйǵҲеˡ˵磬磬磬߰ɡ
һۣӦߡȻͷԶӽǡ
Ͱϸ˹ȥֻӪطԥ˼£е㲻ƵתͷҪԶȥ
ӽ΢΢һЦдиʹ
Ȼ֮˺ԭһͣסŲȻת˭Īǰף
ӶҲ죬ȫǹٱӲֹסתȥӣԾԭߡ
ǰС˽ı֮Ѿתӣ
Сİ濴Ծ߹ѵ磬㡣
ӽλЦ֮ǰǣûҵڲȴˣν̤Ьٴȫѹ
ʵҲǰǱֻΪǲ֪ľΪǰ׵ˣæˡ
ȴ֪Լ£Լ˶ˣ⼸ֵܣֻ常ũ֪ѡ
ǿԿ϶Լûˣ常˵ԼôΨǼũٱйˡҺйغܳףԼǰҲ˵ˡ
ӽЦ꣬ܣͶлǼҴСĲҪŵǡ
˰ٴл֪⼸˾˺ڻƺӶɿѰ֮ˣȻȥǣ⼸˳˺棬лԹȥĸС˹
ĸСӽǰ̧ͷ͢٣ȴҲ£ظͦظ߸ߵġ
ҪɱҪУϤ㡣ֻƼˮ꣬ǲҵֵܡһ˿룬ͳڲƭ͢ٵ
ƣ屡ӣӽĻЦСûǸ˲ϲġ
ӽϣǰЦŵô
ӽЦúڳԼӽǶԼ۾͸ԼһеšɻѾ˵ȥˣͼŵǵģҹģҵ޹ء
Ŷӽζ˵˾䣬ȻһССͣ͵䵽ôҲҪն֮
ɫ΢һ䣬ȴûη֮У˵ҪɱɱѾ߰ɡ
һ£ӽĻǶЦˡûССͣȻ˾ػάԼֵܣжõʱǵУȻһɾ⣬˶Цݡ
ӽĵҲС˵ȻǲĽֵܣͷ߰ɣҪ˵ۣͬҪһ
ӽĿǻôǶǵһ顣
һֱû˵ӽ˵ĶԻӽ˵ǿ֮ʱ˻࿴һᣬ˼ûת
ӽǵĶΪҪߣ΢΢ʧҪߣӽǲΪѵģˡƷ²õˣǲġ
û뵽ϴˡ
վȻӽǴ磬常չ˺ǵģҲߣǾһġ
ôһ˵Ҳתӣӽ
ӽǺǵЦˣĸС˵ɣɣ˼ĵ֣Ҳǵˡ
Ϊ磬ʷϵСˡҲȽϹŹ֣ӽûмǵá
ĸСһһ漴ҲȻˣ϶ͽ
ӽĻȴͬԾ֪û˸߹ӽйĸС
֮ǰʱӽֻ׷һˡǻΪ˺ԨԴ˺һڽг˵֣ӣǾͲýˡ
ǶʶȤˣûǵȥӽ
ãĸ˶ץˣǵҵʮ꣬ͷšӽЦŶһУȻԹ˰ٴǰ¡
ĸС˴һ͢Ĵвûдɣ
Ȼǿӽһǣͷ׼Ӫˣһ߹
ģһΪΡ
ӽ𲽸֮ʱһ常أҪô


366 Ŷ
ӽһתӣôã
ûӽһ˵常һ㻤ɣıºء
վǸӣ˵ź
ӽһỹҡҡͷУаšĺˣҲᴦġ
˵֮ӽ£תӣһӪء
ϻӪأҪЩũģڡ
ûãũǱѺӽʱڡ
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ӽԼλϣλǰɡˡվŹ˰ٴۡ
ӽλ棬ӽԼĴӣĵˡ
ũǱѺʱΪ˰ȫǱ˫ֵģֻûз
Щ˿ڵļƣҪǵĽ֡
·ϵʱ򣬸ӽһ̸Ѷ˺һøСڣǶϣվǣȴ˺
ӽɨһſ˵֪ǵȲѡɳ͢ɷΪԭͲ׷ǵ𡣡
ũǶԼ³о򣬵֪ӽǸù٣ҲΪ
طеϴ󣬴ͷ˵ү·Ȼ֪Ǹʲô³ҲΪѣôоôкˡ
ʤҲŵͷʲôǶˡϣүĺù٣Ҳ·
˷׷׵ͷ췴ĲԸģӵĻǵ
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رңӽĻǴϲֻСͷĿѣ˺ǰһѴǶԲôԼҲ϶ǲˡ
ҵ˼ǵ³пԭɲ顣ǱϾͷĿ⣬ӣһ֮ӽ˵Żһ˵һעǵı顣
ӽôһȷϣǿԲ֮ϲϲϡ
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ӽеû˵ȥǾͼˡտʼһӣΪǲء
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ү˵ҵȶԺү֮мǸӭ˵ˡ
ӽһڣֹ˵ˣȻ˵׼ŵɶĶ򡣡
ڶʱѻȸũǻ࿴ʲô
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һ㣬شڵأ²ĴŴʱǿ˺üڵؾӵȥ²ʱΪҥԶ£еӱġ
һǰװ׾غүϽ²Ȼȡ˴սӽͬʱҲ˶Խ²Ŀ־С
վӽ˵䱻һնףƴɶսҲһˡүԸԹ޻ڡ
Ǳ߾ԣһ£ûж½²ڶվʾԸ
Ҳ׷վʾԸʵûѡ˺ȻѾ˵֮أͲѡءˣһ㣬ҲԵ
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ڱһ֮󣬼˵ܰ¾ޡˣǴ֪¬ΪѲϽһһݣ²ᱻԴֻҪһΡɱһЩӣҲǸǰ̡ڶǱߣҲܷλսس
ӽһЩũ˺˵ʵǱչˣڶúŬɱУ˵Ϲ¡˺͸һǰ̰ũǴĴһ»˹ٱݣһϲ
ӽֱӣαϣǻӻֵȥɣȰź˾ȥϣǶܽҵҵһƬ
лүҵȶүطũֹȥһ˵һӽͷ
ϣſڵĽһƣȻؼѺ֮ء
ȥʱ򣬱ӽסˣ۹£Ҳƣ֪˺סʲô顣
ֻһũʱӽ˵иҪҪӦ
ӽǸԼһ·ҺǸмصүԵЧ
ĸӻָԭϡ
ӽҪסˣ룬û뵽˺ȻôһҪ
˺һŻع벻ӽ⣬ʵүǣ
Ϊҫԭǵԭϡ
ӽ仰ͷԣо˺˵ø
ӽĻҲĻе⣬еĪ
벻ԭ򣬵ӽĻµӽѾҵĸɶӡ
ӽڻƺӶɿڶĵģ֪˺Ҫ϶ԭģ͵ͷͬˡ
ӽͬˣһȥĸСһ˵
ҳȥ󣬽ǧлתӽүЩȥɱ²ô
ӽһЦ˵ܵ죬Ȼǵı¡ΣֻҪȥɱ²ˣԳܹ͢кôġô
лһҲǣ˵Ȼſһ棺үϷд


367 г
ӽ˵оӿһеһӦǻ
ȻﶼԼץˣܻôʣµľֻǹٱˡ
ȻûʣڶܽˣүϷ򿪹ľӴѲš
ӽһԭǺг뵽ˡвܣϧʷϵ˸󺺼飬ڲ
ԼƼҲֻǿĲܣǲܲٵ˵ΨǾٵ˼
οʷϣгҲսͶ²ˣô˵һ۵ǱԼϴˡ
ӽ뵽ڻ˵ߣȥгľθģ
гϾǸʷˣӽ˵ѼʷˣǴһĺġ
ǹ˰ٴлֻҪûΣգǶӽ˵ĻȻᷴԡ
ӽӪʱܼгĴˡ
ֻԶ֧ѿʼ٣ĳסˣȴûһ˿ҡ
Ӷǰͷʮʿ뿪󲿶ӣ߷ɳ۶
ѲӪʱҲӪи˳ɳ׸ӭ˹ȥ
˰ٴлŸӽΪģɡˡߡ
ӽʮǼ׸֮˵»Ȼͼ߷ɳ۶
֮ӽʮΪ٣ӵһʮĹ١
ֻʮӽаٲʱΪ׵ĹپʹЩͣȻ첽ӽ߹ǵսĳƮһξɢˣһ㶼ûӰ쵽ӽߡ
ϸڣӽͷгһԱϸĶˡ
ߵýˣӽΪǸĹٵòݣɽüëŨܣֻ΢һ֮̿ɫ
ӽʮľʱгȻʶӽΪѵù׸ָ㣬Ҳ֪ڶۺͽµˣ϶˺
µ򵹲ΰݣ¹Ѳг벢ٰݼʹ
ɣ˵ӽԸһ䡣
гվ߽ӽӽǰʱֹȥȻȭֵ¹ٵɺүټǸмֻһֱԵü¹лүټ֮
˵ְ֮ȥ
ӽегϥǺ˵㣬ôһǸ߱ӽĹϵͬѰͬʱҲԼ˺Ĺϵνһٶá
ӽег룬ʷ˹Ȼƽ֮ٴζԺг˵˵ɡ
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ӽ̧ͷºгľӣڲԶͣסĿݣͷԸгȥ
г֪˺ľӣеײţӽȥ
гľһǧ٣ǧİˡװݱӽ֮ǰЩҪöˣһͺܴǾǺгľ䶼׳꺺ӡ
ӽſţһʣı߾ҲǷüôô֧ӵϣȱٴеٵļ
ûϷʣ˻صԼӪʣֻԼӺͶۣȻſʼͺг뺮ѣг룬ֻߺʲô
гһе֣˺ټԼѲĸλȴԼֺŶ֪˺ôټˣ᲻̫ˡ
г뷨ûеģǸʱټеεģҪǱټ˳£ټҲͬᱻһ㶼Ҫܷġ
г룬ȴûеϽش¹ݣźšү¹ٵĶֱ¹Ҳ޷
ӽȻݾֱϾǲòΪ
ţ׷ģӽʵ
¹ٲһг̣û׷гӽ˵ϾԳ֮ɫһĿһӡ
ȡǸҪפӣ״׷ɱٶȾͱҪˡôѹȹĺôǣҪôҪôӳϽ߲ϽصĲӰ졣
г˵⻰֮˫һȭɫһ䣬ϲصϲү֮ͽصص
Ŷصصˣӽŵʵ
гûԼ΢ŵһƨȻ˺ˣ΢еεػشصһ
ش֮ϾͲģСԶܺͺү֮ȡ
ֻǽǧѣ֮ǰӦñɱ˲ٰɣӽЦ˾䣬֪ġ
күĸ¹ȷʵѽɱ˼г빧ػشӽǰֵ˿ź˳ۡ
˵ʲôииģһ˼أܽɱ󲿷ı¡
гһȻ˺˵˼ʲô˼֪ⲻص㣬Ͳ룬׼ǫһ䡣
ʱӽ˵ˣı߾ǷмˣҸղſ£ȴһ㶼Ƿõô£
ӽڰ˳ҲţǷõ²м٣ΪǱߵļ¼δá
гһ˺⣬ӽȥһӣӽү¹ٲ֪ǺүѺ˾ù˵£ҪúүΪˣ
ӽһе֣ʱ˰ٴѺȳۺү
Ĺٵ֮ʱ߼ĹٿԲ֮ʱĹҲǾӸµ̬ȡ
ˣ˰ٴȳһ⽮Ҳرֵ
ӽ˰ٴڰ֣гղѾ˵ˣǹġʲô鶼֪ôѵҲ˵ȥҪ˼Ҹ㻹ˣͳЦˡ
Һܺ棬ʲô飬˵ҪҵָͰѽ²ˣһΪѣô㾡˵ܲΪѵҡ
ӽǹٳ飬˵ʱһǿҵţúг밵ѡ
гתͷ˰ٴϲϢŭү¹ٵĶ¹ٲ˵ġ
Ȼתӽֱ׼˵ԭ


368 
˵ɡӽһʱˣȻϰһԼʹ˹Լǰ˵ȶԺг˵
г뿴ӽ˵棬Լ̬ҲѾˣһм֮ɫ˵лү
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гһԸѲԺռı飬ȻһٺöֶΡˣҪѶȣȻһҪˡ
߾ǷõôӽĻʵ
ǣҲǡгȹ£ϸϸ͵֮صı߾֮ǰʱþ͸չʿܻѡ͢һϾã·ֲԸ֮ǰǮóȼãս£Ͱѹ¹
˿۾ôӽг˵ޣֱӵ
үӢ¹֪£ڴ֮ʣȴ÷ҿ֮ǰʥּǷòռЩͷţͽ¹ȥֻ֧Ϣߡ
г˵µʱɫеΡûбûֻЩıͷ
ʲôôӽʵΪӺгĻ֪ЩϢ϶ǻᱻԤ㣬ôþͲܱˡ
һصı߾ǷԼΪʮЩǰ۳Ϣֻõ֧ӵ֮£ֻŲܶ·İáŵԿΣΧ
г˵Ųõʱ򣬻е̿֡Ȼӽ˽ӽǸʲôˡ
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гû˺֪ţεؽ͵ү߼͢Ӵȣƾܶ·һǮҲ޲Щȥ췴͵ؽΪϲߡ
ӽȻǺܸ˺гķʽվǵĽǶϽɱķʽҲγһʱϺõʡʱʡĽ
Ҳˣɱ͡ɱƵЩ볯͢ĵסԺҪע㣬Ҫһɱ֡һ仰͸㡣ӽȻͱȺгҪСλߣֽѵ˵Ļ˵г룬Ҳûò׵
¹ٶϴүѵʾгܻˣ̬ŵúܵ͡
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¹ܽˣ´ζʱ̼ǵúүĽ̻壬潵ҳһ·г뱻ӽ˵ģ΢죬æӦӽ
Ϊһûк̨ûĹѲ˵ɱ򵥲ķҲûУҪôǳҪôǻһˣǲġ
֪ͺãҼǵҲƶӦƶϰյĿࡣвܣϣΪ츣档˲£ڳ㣬ˣ򲻻ñΪΪ˵¶㡣
ӽݺгʷƶϣܾΪСʱܹӣԷǳ»صͯڵ˹٣ҵˣ¾ηηţܶõ·ȥˡ
ˣظг룬ϣԼĺ£һȫµĺг롣
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ӽͷʾ˵ЩûѪĲơҲŹǵģ¾Ͳˡ
гһе㵣ӽٳ嶯ѵүЩǳû׬ǮΪȴΥɷү
ӽԺгҡҡ֣ĻȻ΢΢һЦģҲ嶯ġɷ£Ҳ
гӽһʾɵһ㶣жӽ˸ᣬΪٺɫ
˰ٴȴ֪ԴǻӽûүҪŮޣһڳ͢ϡҪ˵˺ɫǶš˺ƫƫ˵ôһҲеƣѵүǸɧУ
ӽԼ˵ˌ˿ȴȻûз˵ܱ߻ȶ֮ĲǣЩӦò¡һҪעִ磬ĿǰҪΪȻֺкö꣬Ҫ泯͢ľƲС
геľˣ˺˵гϵĵطҹҲ˽⵽仯ɣгԶΪ˺Ļ˿š
ִ˺Ļ˽⵽ԼҪɺöꡣҲ£˺ɽǰѾڽ˷˵ĹȷԼȨӶıǰöˣԺ󻷾ȶˣЩ͸ڻ¡
үģ¹г뱧ȭش
ãǰͷ·Щ𷢾ȥӽĬһվ׼
ЩгݼĽ죬ӽڲȵ˵
ΪͱǺ̶ܴӶûжˣһҲһһʱ䶼û顣
ȵƵر־뱻»ѣҴҳǶʱֻԵ˴һӻҡ
ӽٶȲϺгı߾Ѵͱ׵󡣵²̽ٶȸ죬ϧӹһʢϻȥҪ鱨Ҫ󺹡


369 Σջ
ʢĻ̫ĺūһ֮˽ĸ壬ʱڳںֵ
ĿǰΪȵ飬Ѿ֪ˡν˭⣿̫һӴСֵʵ
ںǰһڳ˼ûϻش̫
çŶ̩ȻȴֲԸϵȱݡ̫֣µٿ飬Ȿ˵ЩѶȡˣûпڣһһ˼
һԭ˵ˣʱҲû˵Ƕ졣
ϾСҲǳȵĸԣĻУ嶯زס뵽ʲô˵ʲô
ڿ֮ǰ̫ټΪĳ̵鱻̫ݺݵ˵һ٣вҲûڡ
̫ɨһˣһ˼͵һ¡һȻûһ˿ڣֻ˵޵Ĳǣһ˵飬еˡްػһһ˵£ٲ©ȱ
̫⻰һЩ˸еа취һֻҪǣ˵
̫ȨԽԽأرһԿ̫һ̫ҲûԼȿڡ
̫ǻ˵Ͱ˼˵ˣһ£Ϊ֮¡
çŶ̩һᣬ̫Ȼɹ˵Ϊ£ȫһļƢɵʲôʲô飬Ҫǽȱˡ
̫çŶ̩˵ˣԼϣаϲԿԼçŶ̩磬ƽʱ㲻ֻ֪ɱɱԺôأ
çŶ̩һˣֱӳ̫µ飬ǵԴװٶīˮֲеҵĵ¡
ҪһçŶ̩Դ³æȳ⣬çŶ̩Ļ
а̾˿çŶ̩ƢҪԼڣ̫һһأҪԴ
Ҳûٶ£Ż̫ģ˵
ǰ󺹣˵ġöڴƵĻ֮ʱͱ̬
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ʱû̫Цôôۣһʤȯգӡһſھ׼˵
ʱǱֻתͷȥ˭
תͷһͬͬĸ׸գۡ
֪ǲԼڣƽʱһŷλ׸磬ֻñ죬ͷȥҵϲڵСϡ
ڵû˵ͿգʲôϷ
ã޸ΪʲôΪҪҲ̫ǱЦݣڼö˵˵
۾鵽çŶ̩Ĺϵĺɫˣ͹ϿҵضçŶ̩˵ˣ磬Ҳ˵ûе
çŶ̩һֱͨ죬ſԣû˵ͷ­ø߸ߵأǿ컨
̫÷ִ磬ûٴ̼çŶ̩Ե˵ʳʶһ͵顣ĿǰǸմ֮صõһЩʱáʿŸλûİɣ
̫˵棬Ĭһ䣬ڵһЩ˵Цݺݵرһս
ڳҲףΪһεỊ̇ײŮˣٶӰ쵽ǵʿؼǣǱߵʿǺܶࡣ
ڻ̫ĻУԵúǢһ¶ԱȳһЩçĴףçŶ̩ͷøˡ
̫˫֣°˼ڣʾҰȻ˵ڲԭɹˣӱ濴Ǵ޶ϵ
˵ʱ۾⿴çŶ̩ȴǲӰˣպõͷ
̫һЦȻ˵ֻçŶ̩Ǳ߶ŭĿӡ
ǸǴɹŲ壬𹥽֮صɹŲ塣ĿģҪǣ㲻ǣҪԺ󲻸ȥһ
̫˵Цݣ֣صصǴͺпδսй¾սǴжˣж׳̵꣬Ĵɣܾΰ̣أ֮ǰľ֮սǧź޹ڵս£ǴܼܳΣ
̫ÿһ⣬ͼһݣ󣬵ڶĻ
çŶ̩̲סֿˣΪ˵Լ֮ǰĹ۵ûҲҪ̫ʮټһƬ򣬿ûŮԼϴεİǰɫסۣôԺ󻹻İأ
磬㸮ûݵŮжٸˣ̫çŶ̩ķͲһһֻͣ˵һ仰
çŶ̩һ±̫Ļʵˣŭһ㣿Ȼͱ˵
ưһ̾çŶ̩ͷԼ򵥣Ͳǻ̫Ķ֣вɵÿʼԼٺͻ̫ȥȨƣ᲻᲻һǵѡ
ܣҪ˵ˣϸϸ˵ꡣҲֻдô˵ˣçŶ̩һȥ컨ȥˡ
ԤԤϡ˭ܱ֤һӮҪǰ˭뵽Ȼ԰˰׳͵Ϯˮ¹ǧ
̫ɫ֣أɨһˣżղͬҪڲ֮أҪܳʢһĹȥ
󺹣˵ġ̫֧߼öʴӦ
̫ͷȻ˵ʿģһǼʧˣǴ뱣㹻ȥʹΪս£ȴøһᡣ


370 Ȩ
̫ⷬ˵ôҲ벻ˣüͷʵĵܣ⻰ʲô˼ղź˵ɹˣΪɹԺǴôֱǵĻأ
˶ͬУŻ̫ô͡
ʱ컨çŶ̩ͿϵĶҲ˻ֻ̫жһߵĽŻ̫¶˼ӡ
̫תƣǺһЦΣΣΣдڻᡣǴ𻻸˼·룬ǻøлǰװ׳˲
һ˵вУҲƵûšçŶ̩̫˵˼ֲ˵ˣɷ̵
ļƢһû䣬Ͼ˵Ϊ֮ǰڿ㡣
̫çŶ̩΢΢һЦȻſ˵ЩǴɹŲ壬֮ǰֻԸѵʽͶɹŲԭкü屻ˣҲĻ̻̣֪֧ʲôʱܻɱȥرЩС壬Եֵô
һƼ̫Լͻش
һδһվͲܰձɹ˵رǸվ˶죬ȺǷϢʱҲǲܳܵʧ̫ҡҡͷָ˴˵Եȱݡ
˵ôԲˣֱʵ
УҴҲΨҴҰսʤˣɹŲֻҪӦʽͶǴ𣬱ǴǴɳӣǽȻҲͰȫˡ̫΢΢һЦ֮ǰ˵ΣеĻᡣ
ɹҪǱ˴ôܴϽЩԭɹŹװ׽еȨôһֱûڵİøɻʵ
ǰᣬпܲʱ򣬾пܡֻҪǴٸЩɹŹһ棬޸ҿ϶һͬ⡣̫ŵػش⡣
ЩɹŴ廹Աİɣƾû̫ǵزȫ棬ѵ
Ǻǣ޷ڰôֻҪû𣬾ɹŵĴ壬Ҳĵ͵ǣʱ˴ҲԲġ
̫ʱ·սȺڵ˵⣬Ųæһһ˽
ش󣬿ڵ˿ʼ˽ûʡаԵ⣬Ȼ˵˾ٶڴ˵ô
󺹣ôöʷ·ͻ̫ϬϾʵ
̫һʳָ˵һɹ˱ҴͶһ֧սҴľԼǣͷǴ󣬴ӶǴʿ
˵ֽ͵ҲҪСɹ˵սֻΪһֱͷŵˣǼ꣬ɹûʿûװɹŹͷ֮һɢɳǲŷӲľʱսֻҪúɹˣǵ⣬϶ͷۡ
ڵڻ̫˵ʱֹͣ˽׷ķ
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̫ͷΪ˴棬ЩǱġ
ڵ˶ǽ²ĺģά棬ǵǸ߶һµģˣѪĽۣû˾òԶ뷴ԡ
йһĻ飬ڻ̫ΣҵĻᣬʩСƣͱΣΪᣬһʯа
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⣬ȻȻؾ۵˶Դµľϡ
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ͳ컹Ҫ㹻ԭ鸽ųСͳĿԡ
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ߵʱ˵ȶѳԶˡ
ȻתڵڵĻ̫Ͽҵص󺹣Ժвǲܿڱǡ
̫Դôе֣ûΪ˵ⷬϲ״Ƿ˺λ֮Լˡ
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ȵ翪ʱϸĵĶܿͷ˻̫Ҫúܶ࣬ɵ΢΢еơ
λֵܣɹ̶֮Ӧܲ䲿ʳʳʶڴ˵ǲһ¡̫洺ؿŵڵգͰɫ˿ס
󺹣ĽʲôƼ˺ûпڵģʻ̫
һһȭͷԭ̫ЭˣǰƴӲƺ̫д󺹣ڳƺ󺹣ǳϻ̫ĺλˡ
üͷҪû̫ѴһãԺΨĻԼֵܵĴ᲻Ǹλͽϣˡ
첻Сĸպÿ˶ı飬ͷսĶߣ磬òôģͣóܰɣ˵˷衣
ͷԼ׵ܵܣ΢΢ҡҡͷû˵תͷȥ̫ˡ
ֻ̫һЦȻ˵ãȻ˵˵˵
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󺹣ǳʣöʵ
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ʲôѵģֱɸ˹ȥǽʳϵʾͳˡçŶ̩˸зϵĽѵʼˡ
磬鲻ô׵ģ̫뵱Ȼˣ̫΢΢һƲЦ˵
çŶ̩һ㶣ûʲôѵİңϷŪҡ뵽ҾͲˣʱˣҲ
Ҫ޺Σ̫ǱЦݣ·çŶ̩ںеؽ̸˭Ǻ޲çŶ̩Ȼһֱӷˡ
çŶ̩ԿŻ̫ϵС۾ֱֱԼ˵ô㲻ôô
çŶ̩ಡһ´ԼλվָŻ̫ľͶģ˵ôģҷ㣡
ǴžȱһµʳϵȾƣͲΪˡǾͶµʳܴܲӳȫõܴӳõЩʳôձɹ˺޴Ǳ졣ֻҪָж޾ͷһ졣Σ̫çŶ̩¶м˵
һʱ׹̫ʹЭ顣¾Ǵ̫̫ӦһɹűƵ졣
çŶ̩һϲ˭ϲԼµıԽԽáӦ˵ʱȴ˸ˡ
󺹣Ҳ̫˰ɣöʱ
ǰ󺹣̫ˣøĽæڼöʻ˵
çŶ̩һգȴҲ㷢ѿڶһµʳʲôȥҪµʳˡռ˰ɣ
Ե棿̫çŶ̩κηڵĻᣬæ׷ʵ
ȻçŶ̩ԼϼȻȡ
üͷŻ̫çŶ̩ҪҪçŶ̩ҳŵ̫Ժ̫ģֻǿʢ
ϷԣçŶ̩նػشģڰԳЦ̫Ȼû˵겻ô죬װԼһˡ
ãô޾͵ĺϢˡ̫һ¾ôˡ
çŶ̩ǳεһЦ˻λԸȥˡ
ϳԿ˵Ļ̫⣬˵ǰߵԼڵΣɳϸһߵϵȻûǰżҿڸ鱨ϸӦöһЩ˽⡣µлر顣
һΪ鶼˽׼ɢˡǣ׷վ׼ˡ
̫һæ޻δ˵ꡣ
ǺòزҴҴ˵һһ롣¿˵һøϳȥءçŶ̩˵
̫û˶ã˵ȷʵ˼ҡ֮ǰ˵԰ܺܶΣȴе𼸴ʧܡˣ𲻵ҪʵҪһЩˣĹ˼ΪսʱعԶ֮ߡ
ղŴ󺹲˵ɹķѣʳǴ𣬻ȥĵˣе㲻ʵ
󺹣֪ˡ֮ǰ˵ϵ˾ң˼ȥôøΪԼµ˻̫˼˵̫֤
һԺһкݺݵرһѰø
Ȼϣ̫ҡҡͷ̫ңԶϵ㡣˵òǣڳʵĶϡ
ձøæʵ
ǡ̫εͷøǲ¶ˡ
󺹣ձλҲǺװɣҪǽͱ뾭ʣͨǴأǲеңüͷʵ
Ǻǣ磬ձȷʵԳΪ幥ռƣձôɣǴҲͬ⡣ǵձڸǲܵ¡
̫Ĺ۵ʹƣȴôƸԺˡ
Ǵ֮ǰ˵ʲô˼Ƹ㲻ֱֻʵ
ҲҪˣһֱɹ˸鷳⣬һֱһ鷳̫Цѵ
ڼ̫ôһ˵Ժг֡


372 һʯ
ܣͬ˵˳
ԣܡ̫˵ͷغ˾޴ţǰɹŵİΪʲô߾һʱȴּʱЭ޾ܾһԭ޺֮ǣһ֮ȫɹţǴôܵİҲãڵĴ𣬶Ӧ
çŶ̩ƲƲ죬е㲻ͬΪ˺ôҲûԡ
󺹣ձԶغǻôøһɻʵ
ǰ󺹣ձ䱻ˣôûһ㶯öʾúձе㲻ʵ
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󺹵˼ǡƾû̫˵еְղסľʩֻ̽ʵ
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Ȼȴ飬Цȥ
ȴ̫һֵıԶǣΪֻҪдڣΪǡ
˵֮ſ첽ǰȥųɹ֮¡
ڿŻ̫㶣һ磬ˡźͶȥֻиʡ
һֱڹ۲̫ѧϰ̫ĳ̫ǱȽӢıöеԾŻ̫ԼΣҵᣬôһϵеĴʩӦµУԼеͷ֤ʵ̫ı仯ǲֻҪǺõĶҪѧ
Ǽöīһ˶ˣ߻̫ʩһȻʵ󺹣֮кѶȣǰȥǰװ׸ɹűҴ㻹ڶԼ˵Ҫ겻ɸΡ
̫ǺһЦԼĸȻҪˣԼż͸͵Щͷ֣Ҳ⡣ߣʵĹԱҲ丯ܣֻ֪֣ũˮճȻ͡һҪóһµʳѶȲСοǴԼּһµʳԼ޵һʯ֮Чѡ
öһ󺹻ô򵥵һ˸һʯ֮ƣԼûд֣æʵ󺹣ʲôһʯ֮ƣ


373 Ӧ
̫Ǹӣ˲վһҲò
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󺹣ԬѸϻ磬ֳɶѲһְūΪ»Ǻǰһǳһߡǰһǣǿܻɶսˣת١һʱ벻ϵԬɶѲ֮£ЩӰ죬ֻģ˵ţͼȺŪһʱ
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ĳ̵Ļشͱ١ˣ̫ͷ˵Ž
һľ֮رҴ֮ݺһѹضܴصڳμɶʦҲؽڳһҴ̬߸ɴû
ĳ̹ش˵оݣñϼͷ
ݹԬڵεѲڼ䣬ʱ߷Ҵ͵ϮҴǳأ˵ĹԼǿɴ˿ɼһߵĲԼп䣬˼ںԬԸ·ʽƶϵóĽۡһǳӲꡣ
̫ͷڳ޵֮ҴӦԣ
١һ̫޷ĳ̣ԼȥﲻЩʡ
ĳ̲֪Լı١Եļʣɹػش̫ӣūΪҴȡʩһפɿפءɽһߣԷԬ߷̽ϸǰһߴ̽ܲȡĲӦ䡣Ҫ֮ʱǰפһıԷӦ䲻
Ҳ˼޾ɶ򡢶ǧǰȥפģ޾̫֮վ
Ӣһά
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֪ΣգһֳĬҴ𻰡
̫һвˣֱӵң޿ԣȥһˡֻҪӰ쵽߾죬һ󹦡и뷨Ժ󽫻죬ʱһͳ졣
ҿʼûüһ̫ϲæūϵɽ͹ϧ
˵֮ûЦݣεص󺹣ūŴȥʦ


374 Ѳ
̫һɽؿ϶߲ͨƵżҿڣҲףһ̫ԶڶǱ߸ץˣҲɻء
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·֮ʱĽйĵңԸżҿڵΪ̶žһ֮˺żҿֳ¼Ҳ֮˿
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µһ߹ȥЩеĽݶʸ˺
Щʹ㿪ʼˣ˿˰ѺӽĶ
ӽõЩһһſ˸飬ֱϢǱļҲİõдȥ
һ󣬰нݶȻЩ˵Ϣĸߣӡ
˵֮˺
һŴͣһݵؿʹ˭Ҳû뵽ʹϵղȻ


375 
˭ӽû˺ȥ˳˦ǰӵһǣȻղŵĻû뵽ǵڣôߵϢա
µһǸʹûƤЩݱ˦ϣһ
ѧвͬ⡣ϢȴɵԼԸ֮¡Ϣ̫ߣͲˡοѧڹٸ֮һģûаϢⱾϢƳٸҲ޷ġ
ﲿӽܹ黹ǽģֻڷɧѣӽһ֣ʼˣƤˡ
ô˵㻹еˣӽҲû߳ŭֻǴ˿Ц⣬ѱϣȻʵ
ѧҲҪԷģܲΪ˳͢ӡԹǮҪϢ쾭¡
ﲿԼĿڲŲŴѹʹʹ޻˵˵˵ţĲţ۲ʼ
һﲿı֣Ҳ𽥷˽飬ﲿӦϵʹ
ãǱүˣǷǮһøϢҪû˵Ϣأô죿ӽﲿʵ
ﲿһ㶣Ϣ˵õôдڽˡӽؿ𸴣ֻûشѧΪҪϢ쾭飬ǷǮҲ޻˵
áӽﲿĻ֮ʱһȣȻֱӣ˾ͺáѽǷǵǮˡ
ǣү˰ٴӦһӽ˽ݣһ֣ߵЩǰǰȥӡ˵꣬Լ˳ȥ
Щﲿհﲿȥ֮󣬲׷ȥ
֮ʱԼǸʹںͺة˵ʲô׷ǷĻɰƣ˭ǷʹǮӻ湻ġ
²ؼҲôһ룬Ȼ̵ظǰȥԼˡ
Щû뵽ôõеһʱ֮ûôࡣͶѲſڣЦݵغ˹ͳ
ǿһԼֺǺǵʱ򣬴￪һӶӵıʿǰͷ·Ÿߣɢȥ
һЩŽѲţǵĺ滹ѲŵһЩԱʲɢȥ
Щź棬Լе㲻׷ɳ˸ȥ
ְᵽ֮󣬱ɳȥܻˡ
үˣٸڼϲ˰ˣһ˿涼˵Ҫءػ㱨
ִһҲ˲ˣæԼӸȥ
ﲿլӣҲӵ˼͵棺үˣٸȥˡ
ʲôﲿһðеĲ豭ˣ棿
˾СһͷǧȷС˲ѡ
ﲿǸʹǱǶԽ֮µķ
Ǳ˸ôģȥǸνһ˾Ϳˡ˼ղԸľӹģû˸ֹȥʦˣҲԶˮⲻ˽
ﲿȥֳԸ˸Ͻ·
Щ׷ױĴ鿴Լ棬·ƽˮжһʯͷһ²ƽ
ЩʿƻأһͲǡֻܹ⿴ż飬ȫȥﲿ⡣
ʱﲿҲѾԼغһȦصˣպñЩײˣΧҪ⡣
ﲿһȺİΧ£ⲽ⡣ɶԷʵ̫һʱҲûкð취һվסӵҾ˵
ΧһȦϾ˵
λǶǵıúݰܰżҿڵĽһ򾡵һν׬Ϣֻһһ֣ҪǵĸƷˡʵڲƽֻһȥѲţʹε˻ȥ֡
ﲿе㲻ģû뵽˺ŹذѽˣȻһ֡һʹվסš
֪飬ֻһ⸳˰󲿷ضû︳ġЩƷҲ󲿷ֶ˺ص˰٣͵˰©˰ģûн˰ƾ֤
ǰʱ򣬻˻ƾ֤٣Ӧܵļ顣һֱû˲飬Ҳû˻ȥ١һ飬©˰ܲ
ˣﲿһ飬ͬˡﲿĴ£ƺƵѲŶȥ
ʱӽȴУںöԺͺгƷ죬Ļߣæӽ顣
үôͰе𶼵ˣô֮ǰҪЮǣǰϢ˫Ҳ˺г˺ִģ˸Ϊе㵣ģӽ
ʲôôɣ쾭ѹҡҷ㣬Ҳôɣ쾭ػ˵ʲôȥʦ״ôӽںгĵģΪ⡣
˿ڲ裬г̬е㵣ģͿģǸ治ҵġ˵Щ£ӱķ̨Ҳûšҵһ궼£лмȼݶԡΪ²Ĵ̰ۣΨһĲƲǻϵʹͣô棿ͨҼң˼ڴǶһˡ˵ôң
г뵹֪ӽľһ԰ףɵúǺ棬˺Ǻ֡ƾճ֣ں̵ܶʱڣȴ˺ܶ顣˵ȼ֮£󡣵֮սһĹ͡
˵ΪʳΪ˺ֻһٺ»ֲźүȥȡᣬҲôԸЩ
ге벻ӽôµĿʲôÿ˶ԼĿģԼĶĿĲе֣̿±ۡ
ò˹Ҳһ˶ĸλֻҪСĽһ㣬ӰͲٽٵԼϡ
˰죬ӽĿġɲϻʥ˴ڣԼһΪ
Ȼ͵뵽һԣʱоȫȣͷе


376 صެ
гȻںŲ裬Ϊãееڸʹ˿ĭ⣬˺ǵ죬ǸĿģʹԶ˺ܵԶ룬ٱ۵ĳ̶ȡ
г˴ǣСںȲӽү¹ٵĶ¹ٶԺүȻĹΩүհ
ӽŲ豭Ȳ裬Ȼг˵֣²豭
¹˵Ƽ˺ЩˣҲλӸλˡξĺ𺣸շ壬һ󣬵һӡ¹е֣֪ͣΪǮƵ£ΪΣ
ӽźгǰԲǸʿ˵ĻΪǶԼе㾴ηȻʧЦ˵˾ôҲһ⽮
˵֮ӽг뻹ڿԼڴԼĻش𡣲룬ҪԼõһ𰸡
ǣӽЦݣػؿгʵ˵òκκ£ĿĵġڣҲ⡣Ҹ㣬ϵ壬ҪôչϺӣ˴ôģû鼰磬Ųţ
гȻвţɿӽһӣȴе㻳ˣѵһΪʥˣ
ӽ˵˸ղһЩдվߵߣ͸֧żӵĴ棬Ȼ˵˻ž׷󣬲Ϊ˾ɫȨƣǴе׷󡣵Ҳ˻Ϊ˱ˣΪ˴иӶԼǰˣţˣΪ
ӽתעԼĺгҲеһԱ˵ɣҲ׷ֻǾϵ׷󡣡
˺ӽһԱڰļ꾭ĺֻҪеģлġӽţΪԼ壬ΪԼıˡ
г뻹е㲻ţӽ˵ĻڶкȻðһ仰ΪģΪΪʥ̾ѧΪ̫ƽںŴˣû˭ôġ
ʵӽ˵ЩԼ˲ǹŴˣںŵЩڵĳˡ
ӽ˵֮гʷϵĽڲ٣ѵҾټˣвܲ٣Ҫ·ҲġҶѲƽһΣϣܼǵҽĻҪʧ
гһ㶣֮ǰһμʱӽҲж˵ƵĻйҪ
Ȼ֪ӽָʷͶ壬Ϊıǰ֮£ΪΪøͷŵ顣
ӽѱ̬ȣӽǲ췴Ĳ롣гվӽһٴα̬¹ٶμǺү̻壬Ϊҳһ·
áӽͷȻӺгĻõһʾæʵˣʦ·ެʡûУ
гһ㶣ôһ飬ֻⶫĲԸȥûٹˡ
ү¹æڽһ£δ˼ެ֮¡үȻ𣬲¹үһȥΣгæԼ˸ɣһ䣬ӽ
ӽȻǺ뿴ʱެײΣҪǲĻƹ㿪ܾȺܶ˵ġ
ǣúг·Ҫȥιһ¡
ճţһʿүۼһȺү
ӽһ룬ԸǣǷûռǣǻȥɡ
˵󣬾úг·ȥެȥˡ
гӽûгãΪֲެĵطںõһ԰
ӽȥһ۾Ϳެֻ¤ϡϡɢһЩެɳһóеǸղ²õģеǲжʱ䣬ҶӿݻƣȻˣеǾҶխСӣһ㣬ûӽϲެ硣
һСһũةʹæǰ
үǸެֲģ¹רľḻũгһ߸ӽܵ
үɣ˵˵ެ¶ӽǷ԰ףһƵ߸Լţæк
ũһûӦû뵽ӽԼүΪʹкˣ˵ͷһֹơ
ӽѾöˣҲ֪ԼΪȽࡣҲΪ⣬ǰũһ߷һ˵ү͵ûʲô٣Ǿũѡ
гӽѾˣû˺ȻԼݣһһźصũô׽֪˿ˣΪũ˺үأ
ӽľٶúгԼһ°ӽԭȽĻֿ˼֡ʱе˺ԼĻֹٳϵĿ׻Լ˵˵ѵġ
ũеʽӽ˫վĿ⻹еͣӽ·ʶһ㣬ֻΪԼΡ
һУûмΪĹԱƽʱٵģǰֺĴڡЩС٣Ҳˡ
ӽһӦԼؽ̸еѶȡַǳ˽ެֻԼȿڣެ⣬һЩ⣬һЩ
ũԼϤ򣬲ϵػشӽ⣬𵽺棬ҵ˸оԽԽ˳ڣҲͲپͶ
ũĻУӽ˽⵽ǰղʲôʱ֣ެӦ¶ȣʪȡյֻôӵؽѷѿ磬ֲͳӽĸ಻һެֲ
ӽũСʱҲ游ĸֹެֻʱ̫ǵþϸˣֻϡǵüҪ㣬һһ˵ũ
гȫͲ岻ϻӽǸũڽ̸е֣˺û࣡
ũһӽĽ飬һߵͷӦ£׼ԡ
ӽ͸˶йެ֪ʶʱһʿԺʹة𲻿ɢȥ˵֪ˣʹзԸ޲Ӧʣֻʹܸһ·


377 
ӽ£Ըʿǵúš
˵֮תӺͰɫضũү֮»ģҵصصֲ֮ʲôҪҺةˡ֪ⷬǳ󣬶Ҷܳԡ黹óü꣬ʱҪⶫġ
ũû֣̿ش󣬲е㺦¡ӽǿԼ۾Ρûɵһ󼤶ϳ֮ˣȴҲѪӿϽ˫ֽţӽ֤ղүģϺǰҲҪĥַ
ӽͷȻתг룬ԸҪһǿүʲôҪҪ㣬ǷԸЩ±ѴүӰүо
ǣүгӽؽ£ҵҾӦ
ӽԸЩ֮󣬾뿪԰ǰáг͸ȥ
г߱飬߳԰ӽүռ¹֮Ǽգ
ӽĺг˵ûлعͷȥֻһһ˵ţҵг̰źܽ⼸վҪתʦʱ䲻ֱ㴦ֲģڴ˰ɡ
гһŲһЩӽȻûŲı仯ȴ֪ܻᣬͽ͵˵㴦˵УƲޱҪ㴦ãµʱᱻǼܿգɶ¶ɡ
ӽ˵ͣ½Ųתͷг룬ؼ沢͵˰漰ܹ㣬µĸ˵зݡһ㣬һ˵ᱻܿգһпܲ˵û˵
ӽô˵ˣг벻ͬⲻͬ⣬ֻܵͷү˵ǣǺүǵȫ
гֻص٣ҪЯҴСĻ˵ԼҲкöأ˰˭Ѳ˵Ĳҵ˰
ӽ޶£Ȼתͷߣһһ߽ʱһ붯ݣ漰̫㡣ط˵֮ҲоҷӦӰ˴֮¡ҵ˾ʦ֮ݡ
үӢгӽ˸ƨȥȴ룬⣬˺ҵ취
ֻôһǣصؾ֣ȶ棬Ҫٳִģӽ˳˵𼸸飬ͣסŲתͷг롣
гһ߸ӽһ˵ûӽͣ벻֮£ײȥˡ
ձ֮ܿӽһ¹ʧˡ
޷ӽڰ֣Ȼ󽻴ղ뵽飬Ҫ˵˵
үʾ¡
һۺصص͢ʲô˰գʲô˰գԼܽ£ȻۡڻмǮֻҪɳ㣬϶׼ġ
ӽ˵ʱɫ࣬źгһҪԾΪҪҷ˰ˣ߻˰ҵĻ߷磬֪ġ
ӽѾἰЩˣгæүģ¹ٱزúүʧġ
Ǿͺáӽͷ˺гı֤Ȼֵڶյ˰һҪȹ˽˰ҲѼ׵˰ӵҵͷϣܸƶô
ǣү
͢ββʳзصҲһһĵطβǼ򵥵Ļʳ֡
гףæ̵үʾ
ӽվ˵˲кг룬öȥǰõЩ𣬾Ǵȥɡ
ӽһһ߸г͵͢ӦϾͳ·ˣܹȫĵ·޹̡صҲҪ滮£ЩҪ·Ҫޣʦʱ˹޽ˮ೧ˮ·Թ⡣ȻЩʵûͶģֱӸɡ
ǣүгȴӦһȻ󲻽ʵˮʲô
ӽһڳ˾ʦ֮⣬ط˵ˮ˺٣Ͳòѿг˽͡
֪ͻصԭȵķڣгкŮ˺Ȳ裬ӽһż˵
гԽԽˣ¶˵ôܴܼصءѲλվȽŸԴΪһ潻㣬Ϳ£ֻԭЩ𡢹죬ΧԼΧһȦӡ
ԭгĴͨΧսĻ£н죬Լĸ߶౨㡣Լ£ȻӦĻһЩˡ
ԭʷϣҲôġλ棬ȴΪӽԵʣʧȥͨĻᡣӽҪչ˺񣬲Ҫ
˼úֶ滻ʱӽ˯ͷ
֪䣬жӽ˲١
ӽ˵Щº»ʲôҪģȻ汻һ顣
еĲ豭ؽгȻպñܵ˴󲿷֣һЩˡע£ºһ֬ˡҪˣҪʬץľ;ʦ
ӽǷǳġֻҪٸֲͺܻܿʷѾ֤˵ġԼȻѾԽˣͲܸᡣˣҲðǾðˣһҪס
гӽؽǺ棬֪Ϊʲôô˺עԼ˵棬ûôһȻ˺ԸгҲشүģ¹һѴҳ
ӽʵ벻ʲôҪģվԺгһЦߣȥǰǰˡ


378 һȺ
ѲûˣֻЩڡ
˺þûûʹةǾּˣΧǵĺﲿΧزʹ
ֿﲿ˵ʹǲַˣǵ᲻ǣ
ʹżҿڵΪֲ
⵹ڣͲ˴󶯸ɸˣҲϵѲáҹʹҲ¡ˣҪǷ͢ʡﲿ
һ߳ѲʱĻʱﲿѲŻȻԭǸʹ˵֮¾ǵģԼΪԼ¡
ﲿ˵леµġȨǸʹУһеףҪ鵽ףôǽᵹùһУջҪǸʹ⡣
Ǿôڻ̿еӽĳ֣ʱ˵÷ǳ
ڣôŲɵһһվ˶ӣö
ֻתŲ˱Ķۣ˱ѵһϣڶۺ죬վǱߴ
ȶ۷վú󣬲ſгӽת˳ߵǵλϡ
ӽ֮󣬷·һµѽô˰Ѿѽô
ЩʹڳϢǣ֪Ϊʲô֪Ҳ̫˰ɡ
һҾҴ𻰡
ʲô˵ɣҺæǷȻһЩǷҲ׷ծͷò׷ծˡӽһ޺˵š
˵иݵģط϶͢ճɲöȡϸ˰Уʵֲ߳ϽǣŵطϺ;ʦĹŪЩҪԹŵĸ˰վͲ֮
ڲһˣϾΪɱӽһ籩йһ١طϣӽִѲ԰ѴѵЩѪҪ׷Ƿ˰˭ɡ
ﲿӽ˵꣬˵ȴֺ񲻺ÿڡԼûʵʹ׷ծҪϢ𡣽ֶżǮõծ˵㲻Ҫ׷ʷծˣǰϵϢظ㣿
⻰Ҫ˵ڣֻᱻɣԼϻ쾭˵ţֲñ׷ծô˵ȥ
ﲿһһ±ͨ죬Ȼû뵽治ˣһء߲һ
ָպӽĶԴ֮ʣϵ˶û˵ش֮ʱһƨôˡ
ϵͬʶűܿѲáֻñվǣϣɢȥ
󵨣ʹǰ񡣡˰ٴһߴһ
ﲿͨ죬˰ٴôһȣŵøϽ
ӽЦòסˣȴӵóóˣҲ㣬Ͼ֮֮顣߰ɣҪˣǮ
ﲿӽԶأƨѬӽ֪ӽ
ﲿ֪ôȥҲǰ취˸ͷʹةѧ֪ˡѧԸؽľã֮ǰıǾ͢ˡ
һҲ˲ÿǿǲǻﲿ壬׷ſڸ͡
ǵ˼ǲΪҪЮǣǿǰѾûôǵǮӽȻһʵ
ʹͻȻŭҲ˲ˣ׷׹ﲿһͲ˼
ֺȻһѧǵ˼ЩصǷڽ͢
ӽ˿ϣĥԼ˼ǰȷϵô
ôһﲿҲˣæͷ˵ǡ
ӽµһͷȴתͷһߵϸʵ£ǵǷ˶ûж໹
ﲿⱻӽôţʱĶͷѳʹǲŹǰΪڸûп壬ҲڽУȴȥ㣬Ȼǻæͷ׼
ʱгվתӽһҾȻ˵үЩѾһǷôʲʵʵҪʱ䡣вУ¹ٺ㣬ˣҪӦҲ᲻
г˵תϵЩ˵˵ǲǰ
ﲿ£ȻϷӦةڸ飬ʩ֮ơǣæͷǣǣǡ
ȻΪ׵ģҲͷ
ӽװ˼£ʵЩ·ϣͺгõڡгϾҪţҲҪЩԼЩĹϵˣӽˣг򵱺ˡ
Ȼô˵ˣҿҲСһҪ׷ծ˷˾ֶ벻һвҪͽˡӽɷµضԺг˵˺󣬾վתá
漴ӽҲתãֻ߹ӽһ仰Ʈ˴ãһȺ
еڵ˶ɵȻû뵽õʹȻ˵˵Ĵֻ
гװһЦȻ˵ǲҪ⣬үˣ־͹̫ʧˡ
˵Ⱥеãͽ͵˵͢ľǸģΪ˽˷ˡöֹһʣҪǾûˣӲܽ˷ˣôЩջĻǣ
µƿԣо޴ǰʱ򣬺ܰĿٷųԶ
г΢ҡҡͷ̾ͷȻ˵һº¡


379 Գ
ڶգӽгԼĻᣬʰЩˡͲٶ
Ȱżҿİٰ׸ɻżҿڣְʣľ񽻸ǧлžüУʣ༸Ƿı߾·ȥ
ԼԼĴӣۺٰ׸һ뿪׼¾ƽԭϺ󷵻ر
Ϊʷϣֵ˺ϣų˴ǱߵΣӽҪȥŷġ˳·˵΢Щ·ѡ
ߺ󲻾ãг󷢺ļ
ڸ߼ұƶһ۵СʱǲֽŵĴҲû֧
ִ͸ԲãԵе谵
м϶ˣ͵ƣΧ壬ⷿĻԵø롣
곤һһӣһһȰ֣Ĳɵأ´ˡ
ŶôһһְԼĴˡɵÿЦ£Ȼ˵ˣˣ²
˵еֱӶϣȻ˳ùߵһƣԼһһ
ǰ֮Ϊܲ١ˣ֮ǰǺε緢Լȡܲ٣ѧܲһҵũһࡣ
ԴӱܻƺӶɿڣӹһ٣һ߼ұ󣬲ҪԼٳƺܲ٣Ҳóƺ죬ֵֻơǰһԱˡ
ҲѧŰеӶϣ̸ŵ˽ŵµĿյУڳ棬ѷڱϵľƲ˶ڵм䡣
Ȼ˫ֶԼǱûȵľŵ롣
ҲƴǣԼһ
֣Ʋ֣ʤ˱ҳ¡ƺӶɿ֮⣬̫ˡӣʵڿֻۣðѾƱ£Ȱ
ˣ̾ǶûôȶɳһЩ̽һս϶ܵôˡ
鶼Ѿȥˣ˵ʲô˼֪պαصأ¡
ҲʱܵʱϰЩǮơĻƿԣԭǵЩռǮơ
˵֮ȥǾƺˣͺûˣȥһ
ȫˣ˵㿴˼ǰΪܲ۲ŴԣڲźãҶÿ˶һף£ġһۣͱ⸱һġ
ֶ֣ȥ̽Ϣˡֻóѵ
šŶһѣˣԼĳͨ͢Լɽȥ̽Ϣˣ˳ٱĶ
ԼԴ΢еۣһþƾԴ˵㡣
΢˶Ц͵ЦˣΪֲ̰֮ˡ֪ģԵһҵκ飬ǮС
ԶԶԣ˵ǡһβҰܣ˺ö࣬ŵĻڸ͵
żҲͬԼĹ۵㣬һָĲ˵ԡ
ʰӼ˲˳ԣͼйеɧ͵ܣûǮ֪ʱ¡ĵȴУΪΪ֮һһǸСɫұȻᱻͨ͢ⶫصѰ
ͷ㵹ǵģʱڣ͢ؽͣ㲻ʲôʱͱ˸ˡ
뵽еͬؿλǷϵĲܲ٣ϵس˵֣ģֻҪͬ۹ãһɹѹصġ
˿еϣеж֣ס֣мصֵܣΪֶɽ֮գȻ㣬Ժһɳһҵ
ſԼе֣·𿴵һһļƤֻȴյýζûѳ˵֮ʱȻһٵؽŲ
һ¾˼Լ͵˻ȥȻվ㵽źȥ
ˣֻһ˵ĽŲæŵֱţӦֶˡ
֮ʣű͵һƿͷһ˸ڡ
壬ˣˡ˵΢е󣬲ָСʱס˺Ļûм˵
ź󿴵Ȼֶˣ˳һ߰ѵصһʵʲôˣ
ɫе㽹е㵣ǣ˵ȴûתȻ壬ˣõǡ
ʱѰѵȥˣĻæתŸˣȻС˵㿴û˵ɣͨ͢ˣû취Ϊֵ̫ˡ
һȻתͷšֻһ߻ߣһ߻ʵ͢˶ץĳˣ
ûûץе͵ػشŵʻ
ҲСˣֲץ㣬ôµ˵żȻ˵ץԼһ˵һӡûԭλã˲棬ٱ
ûץץĺġҲеƣæ͵
˭˵ץ˭ŲŵؿȴָһȻؿԼֶ
ûôȷϵ
ջ֣ӻͳһֽһߵݸţһ˵ҲƣôͨءⲻҴƫƧ˺Ų㿴
æнӹֽս͵ƿ
ҲӸϢлعսţһ𲼸
Ȼֻͨһˣûʲô顣
һᣬΧӱߣ
ûôץأӦץҲŶ԰еġ
ûţĵؿ壬ô죿
ʻ˻ûϵҾˣӣ֣СĽ㣬Ӧûûµġ
壬׼ʲô֣׷ʵ
͢ȻŹСǾɡҾԺԳһ֧ɳһҵ˵ԺͽԳΣ


380 
еʱʷǴڹԡ
ȻΪӽĳ֣صũ⵽һͨԳֻǳˡҪӽ֪ĻҲпɡ
Խߵĳ֣һӽĴǾ޴ġӽķ紵˽ϵӰߵһС
ʷϲһϵǰ˰Ӧ츮Сϵʿӷ׷׶Ͽ
Ӧ츮׳Ͼųƽ꣬Ϊֱ׸һʱ֮䣬Ͼľ¥ԺʿƼʱЩطʫʸ踳жʱµĸ̸ۡ
ʮػӣΪ֮ء϶¥Ժ¥̨۴αȣ貨Ӱ̼ͣƼ
ʱ֣ѿ֮ػӰߣͣһ
׹м֧һ֣ʾ˻ΪˣеġСС
СѰ糾Ůӣţ䣬ת糾ʶò˫ȫղһʿ׷
ⲻвʱһЩʿӵƷ¡
ðߴʱæӭȻڴ֮ˣæҾ
ݵط˿ֻݣòáһ˫۹亮ǣüˢᣬ˭˶Ҫһ
ֱӶеʹӣЦݵһ߽һ߹ֻøλõˡ
˾Ǹߣӭˣ˳֮Ϊ¡ӱꡢ죬Ǹص糤ߵĵɽһֱڸš
˽뻭֮󣬻밶ʻػӡ
ߴ𵶵λ£С̷ߡ־ңߡ˸輧ȣ˳˴ա
λˣֱҵʵ
֮ףȹֻشѧΪ֮ĽΪˣһЩҲ󲿷˶ȻӦʡ
ߵͷһ
ѧˣرǽʱͯ׷ױμǸ硣ӱػش
ͯҸĺڣ㲻ܾͯ࣬ӦעͨһЩءĹϵԱύǵȡԱԵʸ񡣡ӱĻش΢΢½ü
ӱ֪˵ûΪֻҪͯԣԱҲŵݣͿۣùݹҲ̡Ȼûеٵʸ񣬿ԱݻзǳҪõġ
磬˵ǸǰӦ磬ǿ׼һ㣬ȻͯԣһٳΪϵһ磬ϲų˸硣
ƾʱĿԣͯԡԡԡļԣ϶г͢س룬˲׿ơ
ֻͯǵطԣǮŮԼֹϵ˵طϵ˵ȣ֮Ҳб£ȻֿԷѧϰˣǲ븴ģͱȱ˶˺ܴļš
ѧףֻǾв㣬ڽύءĹϵϣ΢⡣ӱͷ͵
һִͳһЩƱһСݸӱѲ⣬ҲҪõôУô
ӱվһ˫ֹشнӹƱһӦеģѧס
õͷӱǱȽϷĵģҲֻôһѣûв֮ľٶ
֮ôҲΪǮԼԵʣЩ̳ġ
ԼַͬŲһ𣬾ڶԱһ˵յĴ׸ʱǹٹҵĹ˱ǫ㷢ϭģ״լϴʲƣݻաӶ̵ע⣬ѡΪˡ
ӴԺƾӣԼı£ݺݵظɳһҵֻҪʿӣԼֻҳƺΪ
߲㣬һҰģǲݴΨҶ
Ÿһϰ߰εˣΪĹ滮֮󣬻пܻᱻʵֵһ졣
ʷϣͱΪġʵۡȳʵƻʵۣҪƵöࡣ
ĹԱǽʿǾˣʿ;Աôһ죬ȫ´󲿷ԱǸˣôĽʿ;˻Ǹˣ
俴΢΢¶Цȴꡢ沢޷Ӧֻ
Сߵˣ״֪ˣֳ˳ߵǡ
߱СһӻѹȴҲ¶֮ɫ˵ܺãܺãҺ⣬жλǾС
ʾ¡ʾ
һҪֺ͸ءĹϵ֤ǸܹͯԣҪһЩʿӣһΪ׳Ŭ
ǣ
ҲһϢҪߴңʿǸкҪ塣ǳô˴ʿƼ֮ʣ£Щʿʱ͸¶һߵ
һе⣬ߣȴġ
ӣʲôϢСʵ
һСȻ˵͢Եسڸ󸨳壬Ĺϵá
˵û˵ˡδ˵ĻѾʲô˼ˣһϲ׷׹ϲߣԤףν϶ɹ
ҲǫãЦˣֶĵɽһЩ׼ϸϸ˲ãСȥ˻ˡ


381 ˰ش
ߵλϣΪӽĳ֣ܵõʵ֡
ֻʱ㣬Ÿ֪ѹʵ۵ӽҲû뵽սΡ
ʱӽĻһҹ̵ظ·
Դ̶֣ûۣٶȾǿ죬̶̼գӽһ˾͹˻ԭƽԭˡ
ƽԭֳμأ֮Ϊ˰شսʱع޽֣Ժ󣬾ͳḻıأйԹΪҪʳ֮һ
ӽԴӽ˹ƽԭ󣬿ǰľɫһ䣬ʱܿƬɫЩ쿴˻µһ±ôá
СʱڣµͣصضɺƽԭĹʩǱȽƵģӽ·ϼûб˰Ƥ
ӽţҪǰ˰شԼСһƲĻӦܹ֧Ԯ±ɡ
ϾӽһʱڵĲȷϣ˲ҵó׼ȷĽۡ
뵽ֱչе˵ӣתߣԹ˰ٴ㿴С󣬲ɣ˰شܵö٣صصİնȹꣿ
˰ٴһ˺ʳ˸⣬ɵеΪѵػشүҪ£ĹЩ˿鷸֮ӣظش𰸿϶˾ŲʮҪйũģʵڴ
ӽһҲǣ˰ٴǾʦϣְôܻ֪Щũҵأ
ǣӽԹ˰ٴЦµ⡣
ȻְͷתһߣҸʡ
ұߵһ˺תԼȿЦ˵үĩĩֻóɱУũҲһϲͨ
ӽװѵôУ㲻ʯ˾ôӦܴ̣ò壬ôֻ֪̣
ƿԣ˺ô˵ҲеԼӾϲǹŪϲīֽ⣬ҪԼ˺˵㣬̫ˡ
Һӽûм̽й¶Ǻģ
ľ˵ĺ棬˺æСڡ
ũش¸ղʵ⡣ӽ˵עźĵĻش
һᣬӽȻûĵĻشΪ̫죬ڸס˺ĵĻش𣬾ٴδģ壬ô㡣
˰ٴһߵЦŻشӽĻүѹû𡣡
ӽֻʵģҵĻ㶼ˣ˰
ĲҲˣɥصү˰Ƕٰ
ĵĻ֮󣬱úֻܰڡĵġ졣
ӽˣԼһĵʱֳЦûĻúܿɱ
Ըĵ¼֮󣬲Ŵ˵ģүˣλؾʦ󣬰غӽд֣ʦͱˡ
˰ٴһˣЦͬʱЦӽȴҲЦˡЦͨ죬Ī
ôһ˵Цһ߸·Ҳ˺ö;ƣ
۾⣬ԶˣͶӽ˵үǰˣǱˣ˵ܸһ𰸡
ӽ̧ͷǰȥԶ·ˣҲһЩڸɻ
ǣݡһٶˣһٿ۶ȥ
ûãǱߵҲ·һ֧ŵ·ߵ˶ȥ
ֻûܶãͷӽ˵ģͣ½Ųԭؿӽһˣûлص·
ӽһܵЩԭŵ·ʱֵһЩӡӣһѴɡԼ㵹ڵϵĲ豭
óӦĵ߹ܼ֮ڼලũɻ
ӽʾ⣬˺͢ʹ˺·˵أлҪǣúүõˡ
˿·֧ϣųһûκζĶֿӽһ˶¼Ȼǳ͢ˡ
պĺҵϽݼ
ӽһ̬ţϻ̳ϿֵӣЦŶǵɣվ˵
Щ֮һͷ·ǵһȥ׵Ĵ߶̧ͷĹˡ
ӽΪ˻գͺͰ˵˼ˣǵĲ豭ˡ
Щûӽ˵Ļһͷæ̧ͷ˫Ұڵܴ˵£ǲԼС
˰ٴ˶ӽʧݵٶѾľˣ˲ԾֻǶЩˣܻӽв鷢
û飬ֻһ⡣ӽ֮ǰǸͷ˵
ҵҵ¾ʡ˵˫һҰڡ
ӽ֪Ҳ̫ˣ̫һŵǣֱӰѸղµ⣬һ顣
һ̧ͷӽеԺصˣ˰شʳ˵صأΧʡݣҪǻճɺõʱҲ˹ȥ
ǰ⼸ճأӽ׷ʵ
˲ûԥֱӾͻشˣԿó黹ǺϤģˣ⼸ճɣصأҲһⶼûеġ
ӽһˣʵô±ˣöƵõܣ
£ڨڨشˣ˵ǰ˰شС
ӽһԭԼ⣬͸ʵڰ˰شСʳ֮⣬ʲô
شˣ޻ϻش
Ŷ˵Ҳǣ޻ڱҲǱزٵģҪˡӽ˺һ䣬Ȼʵ޻ǲֵ̫˵㣬˶ˣҪ޻
εûϻشеصֲܱ˶ֻʲôԼѡ
Ҳ΢˻ᣬϻشˣ޻ֵòࡣ
Ŷ޻ֵò࣬ǻʲôӽһʵŻʲôĶǵüռũ


382 ̲
شˣµصأС޻֮⣬ֵ̲ݡ̧ͷӽش
ʲô˵ʲô̲ݣӽһԼˣæȷϵ
̲ѻƬȶƷ֮ǰĶ˵кȴдܶҲ֪ⶫ岻ã
ʱУƾӽ̲ݵħˡû뵽ʱĴȻҲֲ̲ˣһԭֲʳķֲ̲ݣһ
ǵģˣٶȣǰһ죬ƾܼ̲ݵˡҪǴȥеĻǱȫ̲ݵģûС󡣡
˵Ļشӽ˵ûֲ̲ڴѾʼģֲˡ
ӽ֪ǣ̲ңδ˴Ĵʿְѱ̴Ⱥһ±ʱĺƽԭǴĲ֮һˡ
˻棿ӽʻԵף˿϶ѡ
񲻸ƭˡ˵˾ȥˣΪү϶ƭˡ
ˣˡӽ˵֮󣬲ͣһ·
˵ǰֲ̲Լȥ֪ˡ
ӽʻǰ˺ܴ仯к֣ӽ֮󣬱ʵү̲ʲôĩǰδ˵
֪϶̲˺仯˾ֱ̲ˡ
ǰҲûүǽ˰ٴӽãҲȤӽĻϻӣ˵˵ͻ
ӽʣͶ˵̲ⶫЩҩüֵɣһã񫣬䶾úǿҶһֻҪغȣͶ޺кô
˰ٴһʵү
ӽҡҡͷȸ·ɣҪȥͷ˵
Ȼӽô˵ˣҲûǿֻøӽĺ棬ٸ·
˹ȻûƭӽŸһ·󣬹ٵߵũ½ʼ̲ݵˡԽߣ̲ݵֲܶȾԽߡ
ȵӽԤļƻҪ򶫣ͨؽʱѿ̲ݴռ֮һǿũ
ӽ£Թ˰ٴ̲ݵֲӰ쳯֣Ҳģȥһ˺УǱߵֲ̲󾡿ϻؾʦһ㱨
һ·ϣ˰ٴѴӽ˽̲֪ӽ˵еͲҪӽߣȵͷشӽүģһۼ
ȻתˣһҪúү󡣡
ͷģһҡһظ֤
˰ٴʵǺܷģΪΪ˲Ǻܾϸǵٰ׸УҲͷˡ
ǣӽǣһۺӽֵǰȥˡ
ӽȻͰԭƻ϶ȥȥ鿴Ǳߵũҵ
ӽһĿĵĸ·Ŵɹź󣬹̽ټȴٳٵò׼ȷϢ
ԭ˵ʲôĶУ˵ǳ֣˶ٶٲ壬˵ʵһط˺üˣɱľ˵аۡ
Ҳû˶ԳĿи׼ȷĹƣ˷ĳ̡Ҳ˵ڵĲԭϣ˴֪ж֮⣬˶Ϲ¡
̫ԣЩСճܲסΣգڴһ˵֮󣬾͹鸽˽²²Χȥˡ
ЩеȲ䣬ҵҥԹ£ۺҲǹ˳˽²
Щô⼸ǳãйͳƣЩСӦþܱ༸Ҳ˵Լܶһ֧ս
ǽ²ĴͷĿ̫ˡ˳ɹ˶࣬˹ˣŬؽС
²ԭϲʣЩˣƶ塣ƶǵ˿Ǵߣȴް취˵ͶûɹȥΪ˼ҵʹ޽ԼҪϴôڱǧҵƵϾ͹˳
ԼӪصĴڣɹŲԭֲͼ
ȥˣҪ֪ȥƶߣش˿ƶ߾ͺˡ
ſڵͼϣ֮ǰȷϵټһһ飬ɾпڵĵ̽رûз
˰컹û˼·ԽԽƣͳ˴͸͸
Ҫ̲Щ壬ôͳƣӦò඼ܽɹŰˡ
̫֮ǰ뷨࣬ͷŮ죬ɹŰ죬ǰ䣬սɳ
ƶԻ̫ϴλжĽǳͬЩԲߡҲˣо˼ϵޱش
һѲӪһ߻ĥ£֪˻ͷߡ
һȺҽѴƴӳ˼л˻ѭȥǻͷץɱ
ֻһͷȦץᣬĸͰդϣСᱻǸͷܿˣǸͷȥ׷ϣֻĸ򣬹һᣬЩԼĸͷ˳һץץᡣ
ƵкȻһа취ˡ
Ȼ֪Ҳƶ߹˳𣬴аšȻϻתȥ´ˡ


383 Ѳ
Ʊлּ̫⣬һơý²ȴҲû̫ʧȥһֿ㣬Ǵƺͻ̫ûϵġ
鵽ôģҲ
һգɽݸĸۿڣʱԶʻһЩһ֮󣬾нҴҸڳڵĵѲ
ʱպȺ󵽴ϰĽ˴ʶȴҲûл˵Цһ֮飬ֻǼ򵥵к±˳ǡ
ڵİտ࣬ԶܿɵһߣȻš
Ҹ˵Ѳѻ˵ֵȥ²ˡ·˼һز²
ᣬᡣվһ·ҡͷʾϡ
ôᣬÿҷļ⣬Ҫԣг𰡣·˼һ·ַԼĿһ˵ص
ѽ֣οˡ㿴Щ죬ǵ·ڻָŸ·Щʿ
վߴֵ·˱һɻصզˣлô
ȥϲлأǿЩ˵϶ûЦݰɣмüġˣƲ⣬֪ѲĵһҪ¸պԼùԲд˱顣·ҵ˵
Լɱ΢֪µ÷ǳе
·ôһߵúеɵͷ·ҵӿ˱ͬС
·ҵлûһᣬպ·һн̣˵̲סչ¬ѲҪǹªš˵󣬾ʹ߾׼·
·һˣֱץסн̵ӣߣ˵˭ªţҪ˵ģǰ̣㿴Űɡ
нһԼ죬ֻתӣЦ͵ǲ֪ôѲھ֮սлץū¾ޡĴԼ˵ҪЩô
⻰˶һûѲԭô
·Ƽģ¬ةݵʱǴ˼ǧġǰǴδй飬ЩЩ첻ôнֱһϣЩָˡ
·˼еȻĸоҲԭˣհ죬ԭ¬ةˡ
·ȻԼû¶ԣȴҲգǱ̾¬ة˲һĹΣ±˲֪ùģӭӡѽ¬ةʵ̫͵ˡ
͵¬֪Լľٶָݸİƽһ̸ʣʱѲһߵԼõʱЩֵҪĽ죬һںӦԪ졣
࣬ôڼҶ죬ҲøӶ׼ױúүС¬ӦԪЦ˵
Ǻǣ̨˵Цˣүˡ˵ģҼǺү˽¸أӦԪˣЦһ²Żش¬
λȥĸǣּͨݵĵλﵽǰδеĸ߶ȡ˵ˣͨݳǵ𣬹Լ죬ؼʡףһݷŵȽӼĶ鶼ŵȥˡ
ӦԪ¬ĻҪ˳ְҵ֮⣬оʵڲЩ˴򽻵ʱ䶼˷ڽˡ
ҲΪһμңŷģû˺֮ǡ
ֻԼǸӣе㲻⣬˵ˣԼЩ̵¶ǲҵ
Լ˵䣬̵⣬ͱϳš⻹δأҪǼ޹ȥ󣬹˵˵ˡ
ӦԪһӣһ߲ؼҸĿ֡
ּı仯ʵ̫ˣԽԽá
࣬࡭
þ̨Цˣ̨Ȳ衣ӦԪ¬˺üŴӻлѹ΢еΣæòһ¡
డ࣬Ҫӵˣֵ˰¬ôһЦͷ󣬷λС䶼Ц
ӦԪһϸһԼеĲˮѱԼ֮ǰͺȿˡԼҲúЦͰѲ豭Ż棬¬ǺЦ
¬Ц֮󣬲ŶӦԪ˵࣬ȥˮӪ£̫ˡǰĵˮӪȻֻʣ¼ʮƴСͧġҾѵˮӪҲһͳ죬Σ
ӦԪ¬˵£סɢȥ˼ػش̨񲻷ϹɡˮӪӦǹѲֱܣѲϽģֻ춫Эѡ
Ǻǣ࣬ǰйһЭˮӪôûй¡Ӧ֪ģЩ˺˼õ׿ϡµȵԺˮӪͳѲҪ󶼲һ¬Ц£ȻظӦԪ˵
ӦԪʵƽʱӽУҲ֪һЩ¬˵ǿѨ硣ȻеĴ󲿷˶֪ӽ׽ģεļ˲඼֪һ㡣
Ȼ¬Ҳô˵ˣӦԪͲټ֣¬һȭˣĩ
¬ЦŰ˰֣ȻֶӦԪҲ̫磬ˮӪ»ؽ״̬û⣬ֻ촬ȱҿдŸ÷һЩΪá
Ŷ̨ԭⰡӦԪһȻָ¬Ц˵
¬ӦԪĿģҲΪ⣬˵ʱ¬үʱѵҲѾ롣
¬һվӦԪߣȥǰá


384 ս
ڵѲãһڽѰƷֱվãڵȴѲ֡
֪Ѳھ֮սе¼˶ηҷ
ϾǺͽ²򽻵֪²ս֪Ѳ
Щ֮䣬Ҳг˴֮ûнͷӶ˵ͣ򵥵ʺеģԭʷһ
ԭʷϣԴëǷЭֺϲΪЭƤܱ¼ʢЭνЭ
ڼ²Уս̫ϢĲԳƣթֵͶ𣬲͵дȰƤͶͬʱֹ©
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˺˵ģֻùԹԵػش˺ĻΪкܶ²ΪƶǿҪɷԸԹЧĺԽԽߡ
ǰӦǺҪɣӽͷ۵
ҪԪĻ֪ɶٻ䡰̫ɡ
ǵģү䣬޸ˡڷ׼޾Աƣ׼ξҲμӿƾٿԣѡھʦĹְЩϤһһ˵ӽ
ǻˡӽһ͢ǱȽԻ
ˣԥ˻ᣬة͹µԱǴͷһֻԼ˵ӣתͷӽ˵ү͢ʵʱһЩƣȡ١ְλܷ͢ңֻ˵һЩΪɢְλ
ӽˣɵҡҡͷû˵һᣬʵ͢ȻϸҪңôǷӦĲأ
ûϻشӽĻӽȥᷢһЩñ˴治ĻϾ˺˲飬ѵﲻˣЩץѱĻܻв鷳
ǣȶǸµԱ˵ȥæİɣ»㡣
µԱͲˣʵ̫ɻˣæӦһ͸Ͻȥˡ
ةԱˣҲͣæүСվвҪСȸˡ
˵һҾȥӽ
ӽҲɵӣжѲ⡣
ûةة˵ãȻȥɣ˳ָʹǹͻȥõġ
ǣүةһæӦһʹҴҳˡ
ӽתͷȴԼռ֪ʶ


389 Ҫ
ʱڰж˳˰ˡ
Ǳ߰Ҳ߰һЩ֪ʷҵ飬Ϊȥ鷳ĶȰˡ
ӽһᣬСȥʸղ˵ˣ⻰絽ʲôطòˡ
Ըֶ֮ĵڶ棬û¾Ͳÿǰ
תӣһӣҲǹӦûΥ͢ɷɣ
ʵ˵ȥ˺飬ǴҪʸ֮£ֻõͷðɡ
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ĸϽ׷˹ȥſָͬ£һȥ׷ˡ
ӽǳź󣬲Ŷ͵óϷ磬Ȼ˵ˣӦһܸĽˡ
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ȵȣ˵ȻôãǸղô˵ܶΪƶͱؤôأӽһˣԴĽ˵
Цү𼱣ϸ˵
ӽһԼˣе㲻˼صͷϸ˵
ĩ̫꣬ٺ»ΪʯֱҲǡ⿤»ΪǧʯΪһǧʯΪ˰ʯΪʯξΪİʯξΪʯ»Ϊǧʯ
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ԵͷȻҡҡͷУҲ˵ûС
ӽˣô
ңرǸطǵ벢һֻٺ»صķҪµׯٵεꡣǷٺ»ȴӰ첻󡣡
ӽش˺þãкӱˣԸһ裬ɤӡ
лүл֮һ
ӽ˳ָһȻʵЩµأҵܶôûʯ»׶ǵӰҲ󣿡
˺үԸò裬˵þ͸ˣͷү¾⿪⸮Ĳҵ˵ɡ⿪⸮һģڵ֮ģҲкܶࡣ
ӽһ⸮һһˣصļжȿߡӽϷеһɵ㣬ʵ˵ʲô˼
ӽϸģͷӽ͵˵һɵطٸܣÿһ˰ɡ
ӽͿˣʲô˼
ɵطٸֱܺкܴ𣬴ܵÿ۶˰˵˶˰Ƿٶеطٸ˵㣬û˿취
Ļһ䣬ӽ;ô󵨣Ƿˣе죬ߵСһӽ
ЩĹҲûкøУ˺˲죬ͽ͵ү͢˰ǷŲģô
ӽôһ˵Ҳǣûצϻϻ㣬ЩĹٲ۸ǻ۸˭
ӽڳ˼ʱֶ豭һȻԼٵһ󣬿ӽ룬˵үΣҲǹأҲֱܵأϵأ͢ǲ˰ġ
ӽעлϣܽ˵Ҳ˵ҷԽԽ࣬͢ԽԽأҲƲԽ࣬͢Խ٣
ô˵ͷ
ӽʵ϶Ѿд𰸵ġһ˵Ϸ̨ĬһᣬصϮµĻҪ˴һýУ
ˣ͵ûһⲻܷġϵСԺģҲ޴ӷھ;
ʱ洫ٵؽŲ漴үԭˣ
ӽһǻ绹ȱݰ


390 
ڵ˶̧ͷſڿȥֻ˳˽һĲųſڡ
ʵʲôˣӽЦ
ܵӽǰվסϲкȻ˶˵û̧ͷӽشү˿ʼ˵Ӹ˵ĻŸ˵⻰Ϸ磬һʵУǣҲֻһѡ
ӽһղɢʱ򣬴ӴڵЩֳ龰ʵȷʵǷǳûǵǿҷ졣Щ˾ڿϷϷˣһҲûˣǱϵǺܴ
Ҫ˵Щľӽûôȥ롣κһ飬һòãȰԭΪˣⲻӽ硣
뵽æо˵ʲôô
СԴͷشӽС˵ɶ뿪Զ֮⣬̫ԶǱ߷ڿ⻨̣ԺֵûӰ졣Ҳδ뵽һԼܻᾭЩҾ磬˾ͰԼˡ
ӽŻȻ˾ôһֶµͷ֪ϾЩ֪ԤԤϵ˶ǾӢ󲿷˲ǡ
ӽǺһЦͷˣ֪ôĽˡ
Ŀǰȱһ߹ڵĿģӽ¡˼ôطİն˽⽨²ײУɶյıңϣǮǮ͢սʤ²
ڻĿģǸ˵ӽ뵽ڻĩβһչ֡չֳ͢ȱʲôû֧ԮĻôײеĽ²Ϳܻƹضвǵôһ⻰ͺ͹йˣҲǵĹ
ӽ뵽ԼˣøϽȥ¼ԸȥǣͶߣվ
ͲӽȥЪţѹסԼĺģû˺׼θĽ磬˽ɢȥĻ˺վ
վӽҪķı׼дëʵڲóʻߵС˭д֣
С࿴ҡҡͷ
ӽʱԼˣĸƶҲǾ޶μ͸ѧϰˡ
ӽŵȵʦСһڸѧʶ֣κĻǱʶֲС
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ǣүСѧ֮ǰӣȭӽһȻͳţԼסϢȥˡ
ھʣĻˣӽǲܻ䣬Լë֪ġ
ſϿʼŬд𻰾Ľ֮һдһԺһҪЩ̿ʴϲС
ڶһ磬ӽ̸·ؾȲ˵˵ɹ˺ͽ²ҲӪڵأ
ڿƶ߲ԭĸأպӲԭڣһ͵ĵ̺۵۲ݣһȺȺţһ߳һ߻ؽлԵúƽֻܷ֣ͣǰе㲻һȺ̫ܼˡ
պĲԶ಻ɹŰǿƶĴڡ
εĴΪüϣկɣܣһһڻ̫ΪְΪʮŮľ̩ҲӾгʼߵТׯ̫Ҳ޸˻ֶ̫Ůͬһ
ɣȻʵǿϨ˺Ů۵˼ΪԼҲΪҵһѶΪϲ
֮ǰʱɣΨһķվֻһǾǴŮĻ£ҪһνӢ۲ܳޣڶϹ˻ûҵҡ
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ɣкܼ
ҲڳԸַɳ˴̽ͱĴһѰ֧
ɲԭʵ̫ˣĹģ˵󲻴˵ССҪһĲԭҲһ¡
ɣ֧һͷʹ֮ڣ֧κһȫɡ٣ȥӰѾһ֧ԭϵĴ
еѡɣѡǰݼ̹ľӣǿ׳лսศɣһ㶼£ΪвҲܵԶΣյʧô
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˵֧Ҳ˺ọܻ̈һЩ˱ɡҪץӻ򷵻ԭ˱ҲһЩϢ
ֵǣôˣȻһΨһЩܹսһЩյĺۼ
о˵óһۣЩ˱Ƕˡ
һ⣬ɣое㵹ǸˣͳӷǳҪǷԼ£Щ»Լע⣬ȺԵˡ
ɣû취£ֻðԼĲΪĲ֣֧Լͳ죬ԺΪģפǣסԼ»һֱ֧ӻʣҲʱΪԤӻ
ֱķû취İ취ϲĲԭе޲Ϸ֧ɶܳȥݺݵذ˺Ƭ
ɣڴһ߶Ժ̾ƣһ߿Ůū衣Ȼ䣬ڵ¶ȻԣŮūǶֻһɴزλ赸֡
ɣ۾ţȴһоûУ˼Ÿղ顣
ǰЩʱŮ˴Ϣ˵˴մǰԭЭɱ
ɣϢʱ򣬻Ǹһ󡣲ɹ˵ѣ֪ɹܹˡ
ǴܷӮ֧ɣһ㶼ûлɹģƴıȻǰľ񣬴Щ練ơ
ҪǶսôǿɣҲȥŮ˽ˡ
ɣΨһĵһǣҲҲ䣬Ǿͻûʲôá
Ľչһʼʱ򣬹ȻûгϣŮĴ̽Ҳû䡣
سˡƾȻЩС̲ˣڻĴ̲ЩеȵĲ塣
ɣϢһʼǷŭǳû١ɣʱҪȥǴƣȰЩɹŲ塣
Ķסˣͼ򵥵һ仰ͰʵˣôǺŮԣаܴӮô
ɣ뵽ûеֻþôˣסԼĲ㾡ְˡ´ƵٺãҲԼ⣡
ɣ뵽ʱʵӱһƣһ˴˽ȺŮū󺹣˶մ


391 
ɣһ벻ҵ˰ɡǣϽְЩŮūȥȻ˵֪Ůʹ£
ش󺹣˵Ϣˡ֪ż䣬˲ŴҴҴ˽Ϣġ
ɣһϲæԸ
ȻʹһɣĴӺ˶մ֪Ҿ̽ѷټ
˵ɣʹ˵̫ˣϽߴٵ
ʹ߼ɣæҾ̽պӲԭҵĵطټݾоḻ̽Ҽӷ߶ˡˡ
ʲôˣɣһϢֱӴʹߵĻȷϵ
ʹ˿ûɣòĴΪӰ죬ԾɹػصǵģĴӽɳӭͷػҴں׷͵ؽɱ
ããá²˳٣Ͻȥ棬˵ɳǰءɣһվϷԸƵʹߵ
ʹһ΢еΪɣļȣæɣĴ֪ıô
ɣһŷԼе㼱ˣûҪʹ߸ղֱˣʱŷ⣬Ͳðˣ󻹵ȥ׷ʹʸ˷Ѻöʱ䡣
ôһ룬ɣΪŮ˵ϸеæ֪ıô
ʹ΢ЦػشĴҾ̽Ӧһ£ٻȷϣɳ㹻ľӣԱһټΣԭˡ
ɣԼĴӣһʹߵĴ𸴣һ뻹ʲôҪʵģ©ˣԼŮʹǰˡ
Ůʹ˵֮ɣû˵һ°
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ŮʹһʺɣԼļӶ
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ЩҲɣһ֧ˡ
ɣںǷ׷ɣսҪ֧ɶɱƬײʬɡ
ɣȻҲ˼һƺͶӲ캱챾ǰ϶½
˵ıԸһҵճǴ´ࡣ˶ĵɣǣɹŰԼפضȥ
Լ£æۺʣǾ֪·ˣ׷״̽Ϣ
ֻһɹŹһ㶼飬ɹŰԾڿԼеš
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˾ɣĴŮɣһֱΪĻ·ĺ顣
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ʱĺ飬һŮ飬һ˼ڿеż
ãѼ޸̫Ĳľ̩дġ
ľ̩и˵úĸǰ̽Ů˳Ӵȥáôһ̫ܿˣҲлû̫
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ںУԼɾһҪһɼ˼Ӣۡ
ΪԼŮ룬һֱڿصȴϣǸӢһϼƣԼǰ
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ǸŮԼҲӢ۵ı׼һٽɻҲһܴﵽҪӢۡ
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ʼʱ򣬺ΪһСԿޣѻ̫ˡ
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رǺ֪̫¼Ȼ֮أĶǸݺƸ޵С
һǸϣָǧ޵Ӣʱͷ·óɼ˼Ӱͻ̫غ
ͻȻ֮䣬ŷֻ̫һֱڴŵǸӢۡ
ڷ֮󣬺ǺĪԼܾ˼޸̫Ļ£ҪҪ޸̫Ҳ̫ˡ
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֮£ڸõ͸¶Ů˼
ľ̩ʱҲз֮£ɶòǺ⡣
Ȼڻ̫ĺ󹬣ҲڶĴڡɹؼˬǸʺ󣬵λϱߣȻ׹ùãҲߡ
һ飬ͱѵһ㻹ڵضûСľ̩Զûкĳ죬һСƢĿǰ״൱⡣
ںУ˽˼ľ̩ǴϲֻҪһ޹˾Ըùˡ
ں޹󣬻᲻Լвľ̩ѹûѵһģԼഺ껪ıǮѹһϹ
㣬ľ̩ȫĴԼɷ̫Ļ¡һڻ̫ǰʱ͸¶Щ飬һֱ㣬ǲԭϵһ飬ԭ񽾰ĴڡһָŸַӽ̫Ա̫¡
ҪǺ߶Ի̫˵ǰҲϲ㣬ϲ޸㡣֪֪˵Ļ֪Ϊʵڼ޲ȥˣԻͷˡ
һ˵ǲ̵ġѵ̫ǵϵҰݣԾܳˣ
еżҷеᣬһᣬŶʰ˷źõطһɹŰӾ׼ȥҸ׼Լ˼ȸ˵¡
Ϊֻиͬˣĸǰ
ɹŰ֮󣬲ŷԶХ϶ȥ
ʱŹǰйŮһʣױԵɡ
УֶĿеӢۣ̫֡
Լĸұ˲ԭҲûҵ֧䣬̫˵ԭûãҵ䣬ǿ
²ӡ֤Ż̫ĸߴӢ䣬ղĻһȥ˵ĺߣһ¶ʧˡ
ԼһҪ޸̫аԷġ
ζû뵽ΪĿӢ۵ĽŮʵʩһı


392 Ƹ
ɣͷ۵Ů̹Ҫ޸̫֮ʱ˵ЦϹ˼Ҫˡ
Ͼͻع˭ãҪ޸̫
ϾҪ˹ϵɣѾһúһŮ޹ȥˣټһŮȥҲǶġ
ɣ̽ѯº˵ǻ̫ѾԽˡҵŮ㲻һϲӵô˵Ӷһ޳ɣһģᡣ
һûɣ˵ĻǲͬԼ޸̫ˡ
û취Ůеʹһ޶ϵ
ɣ̹ԼŮı£ҲұƼˣֻҪ̫ףɣһӦ
ںҪöǰɶ̽ŮԼȥáɣҲֲŮͬˡֻȵĸǿǰȥɶ
һ޲ĸϾͰ֧ɱһ˲ȻͿ
һã;ϵɣһӢ˺ܶࡣܳʣøˣƻΪһֵӰӣڳԼ΢Ц
ϳԼɹŰҪдţϲ¸á
ȻʣҪ飬ֻеȴˡ
ǾǵĹ飬Ϸ
֪ΪǵİȫܷӮ֧ΨŮ֪һ˼Ŵ㿭Ϻǰɶ
ȰȣȰȣоʱѹǧ꣬ûȵŮһΣ˰ǲǸûˡ
ʱ򣬻ûȵһϢûУȴֵŮʹߡ
һΣһƽʱЩĵĹʷҪ
ɣѾ֪Ů£ͬȻʹߵ
ȻûҲǲĵġ
ɣ˹е֣ΧҪ˽ԼӦû˹ŵġܳɹʧܣиϢ
ԼδʹŮȴˣе벻׵ô¡
ĴһǸͨϢŮʹһʱǫ
ɣһҪǸһѵɳĴˣ֧ôǿ
뵽ҲסˣֱվʵʲôǸѵˣ
Ļ䣬Աߵĺˢһ°ˣôܣ
ŮʹһֱͷһЦĴ̫ˡǴʿڣ졣
ɣһԭԼĴˣ漴ΪŮ˵е㲻Сߡһ˻ȥȻͷҲ̧ʵǴҪʲôǸ
ŮʹɣĲе㲻Ϊ⡣йıָֻǫ̬شҾ̽պӲԭİҵĵطַټΪǳƻԭȵӦɱҴӺ͹϶ȥˡ
ʲô˵ʲ󣿡ɣִλվʵ
һ߿ˣΪĲе΢΢еţҪǻ̫ĻӦǴݲȵذɡ
ҼΪģݣܽƻǱҴ̽е˿ҼΪĿǹ󲿣ǰʾ
ɣ˼ϾȥˣվŮʹߵӵ˼Ҽɱô
үӢҼӾ˼Ψˣܾ֧Ůʹߵ̬Խعˡ
ɣûϻش𣬾Լλ
Ҳһ׳գѾɳһ֧ӣɾӳȥĺò
һҪǾɳȥˣŮֱƭˣǸô죿
Ҳܿ飬ɳ㹻ľӣʾû㹻ˡ
ɣüͷ飬ŮʹûżԱߵĺ鼱ˡɣٳٲ˵Դߵò׷ټˣ˻ҪԭĶǣǱڰ͵ϮǵȺô
ɣûᣬ⡣ԼɾӵĻôֻܿʧȥټ
֧ڿƶ߲ԭǻҪԸĿԼˣ˭ԼŮء
Ҫ֧ڲԭǱܣԼıֻںΧķԼѹԽԽ
ĴҼ˵ֻҪɳĲססҴ׷ͿˡŮʹ߼ɣʼղ˵˵
ɣͣסŲŮʹߣ·뿴ģ˵⻰۸ƶûػ˵Ůǹҫս
ϴӽɡɣִߵ
ҪǱ֪²ܳȥɶ鲻ɵüˡ
ɣŮĴߴűȻգȴʼղǸ취
ǣͶŮʹߵãȥӣһɳȥٶȿ㣬Ϲ
ǣĴŮʹ߼˽ʩһˡ
ɼ˼ɲôԥģϣӢ۵Ϊɣԥԥ¶ĵΪеѵ
ȥȥĸȥɣͷȥ
Ů˺ʣɣصҺͳɼ˼ȣܱô
ְʣ±һ˳ȥϾأûгǿбɳȥɱǧӻźʡ
յɳȥʹ߻رľ󣬾ͲмˡѾ㹻ˣͲβ˻ɵʲôͼˡ
Ŀǰ˵ȫºԼҲƭˣǶѣȾ޴棬Ʋں档
˭õôƶϵĻǸʱ鶼ѳ䶨֪Σ
Լһ˴ڣŲԭͼа֧ǧҵǴǵټϿǴǳԭĿĿ϶Ŵѿƶȥġ
ԼѾѿƶıԵĵǺڣȻֻܵ߼ʱ䣬ƻϣ֧ץסᣬشƶߵĺڣƶ庹ʵĴԼЩһͬھ
ʣ¼ĶӣʲôɫֻҪʩֶΣӦܺ׾Ͱѿƶ̲ˡ
һҪ̲ӴĿƶ壬Ǵʵܸһ¥ϾɹϱȴʿҪձǣһЩսĻҲÿսµʱܶʿ
뵽ƾͿʼѪڣ·Ŭ£̫Ѵһ߷塣
ݺݵһڵͼʶĿƶߺڣаѸǴ˾ѵĻᣬҪץסһҪǴӲԭѳʬɡ


393 һս
ӪûôʧڲگĴ£ԶԶشƹƶоԭٴӿƶоԭı룬ֱϮպӲԭ
ץ䵥ĿƶС壬һѶ󣬵֪˺ڣ֪˴µı
Ӫʱʣǧˣ˶˺޷ҽζôֱӹƶߺʣֻѻʯ
ӪѰǧگľʹ˻תǼϣͻϮƶһֲˣӪǱƶߺڱʮԶһɺѾõĺӴڣȴŻᡣ
һգگɳȥļɹʿ½ϻ˵ƶߺڵıϡȥ
گϲƴһݺݵش²߹
ʱӪʿѾûиճʱôˣԭ
һ󲿷ʿ䶼ˡڽ²֣Ϊ˱μӵӪġھļй֮󣬳޵õ⣬Ѳտʼ˳ޡ
һʿΪٻǱŷٵһսǮơЩΪ²׵ɹûٴӾ֮Ƹ˶ӪʿЩ˾ɹɱҲˣǮҲ̹ˣЩ޶ʿ˵ǵʿͣؾʦ
ÿսºͬˡֻҪˣôصĵս¾ˣ˵ͬΪսûкڲûҩƷƣֻЩرǿ׳ȽϺõͬ۲ǿػ󲿷˵ͬҲƼضˡԾеʿٶǴرǳܳһʱڡ
ֻмСһǻҾ֮ģЩ˵ʿûнͣɹɱ췭ظˣǾûعڵͷ
گɵӣȻܿеʿѾߣҲ֪ʿߵԭ
ӪʵѾǳˡҪκûкڣս£ʱвÿ˵£ûжֵܼڡ
گͶһ˲Ǻ⣬ǾΪԼ۰֮һȻҲ˼ͷ
һƥսƷگ뷨ѾǸ߼ˣʿһԼòƸ̹˾ߣһ㶼ûҾΪ˼룬ûһֹۡ
گûзҲûб¶һ⣬ΧĵˣҪеĲŽᣬӪ˵ǻԵġϾȡսƷҲڳǰͬġ
ʱͺͲܱԡƵùһȡɹʿĻرǶŲگ
گ佱˼ɹʿˡ
սǲпģΪסھ֮أͬǵͬɱʧȥ˼ͥ
گ˲ûлǵҳϣΪУкܶ඼ɹΪЧӪǰҲǾӪеǧӪڿ֮ҲɹɣΪԭ
گԼµ󽱣ϲӴ
ǣ˧شֻԵҺü˵ĻشУԵôͻأ
Ӫʿǰսƾ͵Ϣģһ£ܿͼˡ
صگǰڲگͬ˧һʼѲӪ
گǰǧ˵ľ󡣺ܶ˵Ѿ꣬ɫƣʿϵĿҲûиճǻס
ӪʿӹڴĻֻһʼʱ˻ҩ˼ߣһЩ˵ĵǹ𻵣еѻɴɹнɻˡ
گѲһֱߵʱͣ½Ų˵ӪͬǣһսʼˡսҾʹǻؾʦʽΪӪһԱ
ڲگĴУĻÿһӪʿĶСȻЩԶڵˣûˡ
Ӫһ̶ˮȻһʯͷ
ÿ˵ϣǳʲôĿԭʱ¶˾ȡ˷ܡϲ顣òگоӪ·һ֮»ഺ˻
گ΢һᣬеӪʿ˵Ļ֮żҪԵĵˣǽ²ףǾӾм֮ࡣ
ӪʿһذҲعƽ֪һսǳΪյһսϾֻǧˣҲѾսգƣ
گĻݵǵĶУûЩ׵Ĵڣ²Ͳֻ뾩֮ءڻؾʦ֮ǰһҪݺݵؽѵһΣַ֪ĴۡҲֻдǣǲܻؾʦİգܺ׸ϣҲһ
گһ˵һ߹۲ʿı仯˵˵ǿ֮ʱеʿ¶һ˿µı飬ЩԤ֮ڡ
ɫսǰԱһ̣ǽڶսƷع龩ʦΪӪһԱӪɸ߾ɵӪΪΪصĲ֮һбûеġմ͵ķšţǿؾʱ򣬻ͬĽӡ
ӪʿŲگĻԼǰЩۣͬԼϢʲôıأţ˵϶¶˵Цݡ
ǣûõóֵսЩС壬Ǿͻ᲻ͻ˵ͻҲԭһȦͻȥӪλãΪģҲô
گ˵ͻǰӪʿû˵
Ӫʿһ¶˷ŭر飬Լ־ųġе˿Լ˾޴ջǾѧģԭһȦӪλãͬô
һ𣬵òگ΢΢ԾΪ񷢳ġ
ţʿнӶؿʼ𡰲еʿ䶼ˡ
گʾⰲȵʱãǾվӦϵĺ٣ֻӦǡһ͸һ󹦣ܵĴ󹦻ᡣ
Ӫʿһ¶һ̬ŲگĻ֪Ǹʲô
گûǵȶã͸ǵ²İףǲԶĵˣͻȻǵľӴǵϳ˳ȥϡȥǵĺڣֻΪľӻšǱǲкĴڱǣҪΪǱ𣬸ƶһݺݵĽѵ
Ӫʿһ׷һǰĵ˲ûǿʼôˡӪ֮ʣȴԼľ˳ȥѵ춼ЩǿҪЩǿǵĴۣ
һ뵽еĽʿʼ¶ܵս⡣ôõĻ᲻ץסǾɵˡ
گһʿָοҺúϢȽǵ˯кݺݵظһ
گףսʤںܶԼľǾץסʤᣬսʿڽΣҪˡ


394 ºڷҹ
ºڷҹоĺʱˣڿƶߺϰ˾ʮԶĵطһ֧Ϊ̫ڶӪ׼ٻؿƶߺڣǾȥѽһƶӡ
ҹɫͬʱҲɱ˷Żĺʱ
گ칫òܱԡƵùĽԤ˯Ĳ¡壬˺ݣڿʼ
һսӪڲԭһս챣ѵ󲿷֣ҲӪγԵǿĵˡ
ӪʿޱأԼģһ죬¡
ԶԶԭϵǻʱگ֪ƶߵĺʾǰˡ
ֹͣǰòٴμսԿƶӪսǰ
ӻѵķֲƶԲηֲġƲӦλԲλá
ΪˣگŻҡԲگΪͷҸܱԡƵùɼʸ󣬳ԲΣ͸󣬷ֳ֧Сٴδ
گڼҪս󣬶˵˴սĿΪͼֿĵˣɱ츽ˡսǰɵսҪִУҲҪѾɵоסӱ֧ԮܸסƵĻᣬô
ĩסشǶս֪ʲô²ʲôս
֪֪̽ˣǶԵ˵˽Ͼ̫١ˣսʤξȲˣÿ˶ðɡϣоֵܻصʦگٴׯص󽫣в⡣
ǣ˧ˣǲگֶ̰񣬻ǴֲʶȴмӵĻƵùڴʱ˾֮£ޱػش˲گ
گصͷҹɫʱ䣬ò˯ʱˡ
ùʿѾˣòĶѾˣսһһֿĻҹɫ֮£ͺָӣһоͿսˣ
گһȻԼĲ׼
еӪʿʼóײͬ۰ֱϣһˣֵܡ
Ԫμǲگ֮ǰĽ̵ѹɱʱڡֱϰһԲСܣڲܱʹԼְ
ĽʿҲһԼͬ۵ǰٶǰн
ҹɫ֮£żǹⲢ֧ӵǰ·ǲԭνٵٵĿǰʧ
ԪоڶǰͷλӼͷ࣬һۿԶĵӪ
ľ飬ӦҪӵڱˡʱͽ٣ᵶǹ֣Ѹײڶ֮ƴоž֯ķ
Ҳ˵͵ϮսĹؼڣǹٶȿ죬ǵ˷Ӧٶȿ죻ǵĹǿǵ˵ķǿȴ
ԪذžĿһСŵ˵ڱҪԤˣҲ漴עϣ׼ڱԤܿٴܱԡ
ǣԪеˣûڱĶ
е㻳ɣ̧ͷǰܱԡϧֻܱܿԵİףܱԵɫΡ
ǵòʾԪԼʼϹ£˾͵Ϲɡ
ȻôˣѾڹˣͣǲͣģοûиıľ
һֱӪ·ңűڱ֣ȴûбֻӭʻ
Ԫп⼸ҵڱǰĲܴ˧ڼͷһѼѣȻڱȥǵĲҽҲ漴˳ȥ
Ԫ̧ͷ۲ҽĵӪһժ˹ϵĳǹһߴսٸܱԣʹ令ְ
޲СҲ˶еɹӣ֮ǰڱĲҽ޲еϮ
ŻѵѲ߶ӷ׷״ȻһֵҹľӣȴûͷӬһ֪ӭС
ͷĿУе˹еȥѸͬ飬еܿӲйһʱ֮һš
ӪڰĿԡҹɫļӭӱ޿ɱܣ׷м̤
ԪоͻڲܱԵ򣬿ӣһǹŶƣӵԴҵϡá
һöֲӶԪеǹ֮¡
ս³˳ɹӸû뵽ǻӱ湥ҲûõҹʩԪаԸ˲ѡ
ûãһѾͰǰˡ
ֻǰ˧ͻȻͣסˡԪҲϽͣסȻǰȥ
ֻһСӾǵǰ棬ɹӵӪһΪ
Ԫп˧һʱ֮䣬֪Ǻá
ʱ䲻ˣлĻᡣ죬µʿ䶼֪ĵ
ԪмûжżͷԼİӪءĲǵ·ݻ𣬻ƣӪյͨ졣
⣬ԿĴҴܣҲһùᵶؿʼҷԽԽࡣ
ٵȥˣϵԽãƾԽϾ
ԪнٴοֲܱһŴ˧򿴿һֻͷΧԼ֮䣬ֲܷܱһĽ֮ɫ
ܿ죬ܱԷֲܴ˧ĲֱˣһˮҪ̫ô죿
Ҳϸˣһ׼Ҳӡ
ʱگˣԲܱԴ˧תӱӪɺӡ
ܱԵ˲õ常İΣںӱ߿ʼתӵıӪ棬ɱЩͼֿӡ
ղŲگĹûӲǳǳػͲȣ˿
ʵҲǣӰӪںӵû֮һϮͲʱԮǱҴɡ
گҲǻɣΪʱȣŷûƵùԼӣ԰ӡѲܱڱɨߵĲеС
ղڱһУگûзӺڣôֻϰˡ
һ˺Ӱ΢ȴӼĹһǰӪء־ǰ治ԶѾۼ˼ٸӣΧڼԲͬΧɹŰܻиӷ׷׾Ż߸ϡ
گһ֮¾ף⴦ȻӵҪڡҲһֻƵùѾ˰
ʱңگһȣֱǰسǴӾۼء
گµûɣʱȺСʧؿŻıʱѾ׹϶֧Ϯˡ
֪һ˶ˣܺ;Ԯ֮ԥ


395 ɱ²Żʱ
ɣԭԿ϶ûڵһֵ̽ĵطô϶ڱֵ̽ĵڶطˣҲɳӡ
һطûУôҲպӲԭ෽Ųɵġ
Ϊˣ»ʵĴ󲿷ֱ࣬ڱҲԶԶ˳ȥ
ΪⷬúɹҲʶɴ˶ľ˲١
ʱɣǺĪԼ˻ںʸ£ıȴûӰӡ
еĶϰҪôԼԼҲԾǷȥԮպӱҪôֱӹȥԮЩסԱԼʱǲҲסĻ˵ƴԼͿԵϵĳˡ
ھôϲ£ͷжٱҲֻ֪ԥ
ȻˣҲ֪ˣϰҲܣһӸպ򹥻ԮҲᱻӰ쵽ѻʤ
ûɣȵӳ֣Ҳûȡᣬպӱ߾ͳ˴ȺĺӰһºԼ߳ˡ
ɣŵû겻壬ԥ׼ܡ
ȻŮûпԥ¡涼ѾɱˣôûɹŰ
´ܣԥоҪɱˡ
ɣ̧ͷŮɹŰָ˴æȥһܡ
ڴԥֻһָ߰ʾ죬һ߷ֳ˼ȥ
֮ԳˣһΪŮˣ鷳һ㣬ڶΪɱɸԼװ˹ų
ȻûϹսΪԼ䲻Ҳϳɼ˼һӢۡ
һɹŰպ˼ˣǣʧѹ˿ܡ
鱾ѵǼ䣬ΪӢΪȻ󱱰ܴĿ⣬һ֮µһԿ϶Ѿɱˡ
ôһҲպӱ߳˴ӵĺӰʳһӾûʧɫæ˹Ҫһܡ
ЩӭȥɹӣѾʼٵӪʿǰرڲگĴ£ʱɶƵܵסġ
ӭȥһֽûмһӭļʸٶȣֱӴ˹ȥ
ɣҲ˲Ůˣתͷܡ
ɲگͶȺӵŵĴˣڵļͷֱָˣߡ
ӪʿǴϵı£սϤ̶ȣԭ壬Ȼ磬ȴҲԡ
οӪʿսɣҪٵĶ࣬ɣĺӰԶ
ӪʿرǲگڵļͷɣԽԽǰˣһɱ⡣
û˶ˮ͹һӪʿϮɱˡ飬һεȥĿӢ۳ɼ˼ˡ
֪ƶ³Ҳεģȥɶ̫ɣɳڶӣ˵ɣʱľͻ᲻һ
ѭԼҲ˴ۡ
սǲпģֻҪУǹŮ˻ʲôܵ˺
˭Ҳ֪ԭʷϣ̫İӽĺ֮£Լ̲ɹŲı¡
û̫ѡһΣҪҪĻͼҵ˭֪ˡ
ۿԽԽɣɹӾתǵߵĻᡣ
ЩǻǲگĶ֣ᵽ󣬶ԷŸתӣֱӱɱ¶ˡ
ʱگɣӷִɽƵӾӣҪеĵֿˡ
ǰǸѾǵܵˣһЦҲߵٶȣܵô
گٵʮӺ󣬴һժͻץܵˡаտȷϣӦþǿƶĴ
گ˳ְѻɣԼĻȻֿʼǾԮӾӷҪݻһֿ
ԮӽɣĶϰȸȷ϶ǻᱻɳȥ֮һסο󻹵ŴľӣԼԼ塣
ɴȻɣҪԶԶɳڱԼȴܷĵں˯
¾ʧذѣĳһԥˡ
ȥȱȥһʱ¡
ȥɣϰû⵽һպ֪ӦòϹӣֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬߾ܾۼĻԱӦû⡣
ôȥȱĻһǿ԰ѵоڱʧܽͲ٣ΪڱһȥԮʱ򣬵оʼϰô죿
˵ĶӶǲݰһġҪǽ²ӪܵҹϮ϶ᷴӦô
ϰ˼ǾԮΪȡ
˱ʶɿ쵽֮ʱպĿ˸ıץôһ˶סˡָô죿
ϰһѡȳˣҵ֧ɳȥľӺΧ˻ֱɱȥܲܰѸ
ϰûڹԵо档
ʱϰɹŰҲʼŻˣҷΧԽԽ󡣿սƣǻ𺣣ǵ˵Ӱӡ
ϰ¶ʧ룬û˴ǻƣӰأȥϣӮô
ʱ򣬾Ҫһҵ䣬߻ɱҪһȷָʾ
Ҫߣ͸ɴ䣬ͷΪҪɱ͹ʿӳս͵˾һս
ϰͲ䣬˵һһѣһûƶûԹ²ڽ²£ҵ쵼˲޹ϵ
ɹĿǰΨһһ֧ɽƵĲӾԥԥУگͻƵùĲӭײϣһҹʯͷϡá
گû뵽֧оȻ֮Ϊˡ
ɱ˸ԴպϰҲǻˣ֪Ѿݻ
ǣһǣδյһɱ˹ȥ
ƵùȵĲãʱگֿҲɱһһʼɹӻڵĵֿ
ɱһֱŴŽӵɹӶߣصʬ塣еĲɹŰ
һεս൱񣬲گץ֮ǴвٿƶĹ屻ɱǵӹ
ӪʿҲκһδսˣ˶࣬˵߰ٶˡ
չսƺ󣬰ԱĴû취ȻһսҲû̧Աؾʦ
дߵţȺگеԥôЩսƷʱڱ񱼶棬Ϸдоټ߸
گһ㲻ԥǣֻҪڸԮĵоܿعڡ


396 Һ
Һˣ
磬ӽԶʦǸߴĳǽʱסͦغ
֮ӽû̹
ٵϱߵ˿պģ񾭲Źٻô
ӽΪһЩ˵󣬾Ǹˡ
ӽķԸ£С͸ӽеİӽүǰкô
롢ĵ˶ӽĽͣҲһ棬˺˵Һʲô˼
ǱС׶һ㣬һ˻֣һǲỻԼϡҲˣǸǺ˺ΪλẰҺ
Ǻǣ֪ӽܺãתͷ
ͷҲһͷӽ汦Ƶ顣
ӽתÿµУһ߻˵ʵҼһ侭̨ʣ˵һһܹĻ
үʲôأˣӶڹ£һһ㶼û
ǣӽ͸С˵Ĺ£ȻȥʱһŴı
ĿСܵΧ˺Χ˺²ظǽ£΢΢еԴס
˺˾ǲܱȣǰ⼸˲ż˺õ棬ܳˡ
쵽ʱӽŽꡣ
СδлطǾҺ˵⾳һ¾͵˳Ŵ
Щڣƣֱӽ˳ǡ
ӽڽ֮תĵȴĸظȥǰ¡
ԥһᣬӽүԺݰأ
ٱҲóӽͲǵõġ
ӽڵʱղס˵׸ζԴֻˡ
СһͬҪ죬ӽڼ֮֮õضǣȻ˻ķ롣
ǲ֪˺ҪôԴǣδ֪֮ǰеŵؿӽ
ӽĵĻһֶݶԴɡ
ǣүĵõȷеĴ𰸣ĵĸӵĵλȻһ˶ߡϽӦһȻкСȻغ
С࿴ȻڴϹȥ˼ĶҲһж˵ϡ
常ϣֶݡ˵
常ϣֶݡСҲ˵
ȻСڴϿͷȻԶԹ˺۹⡣
ӽһϽȥǡ
ʱСѾؿͷӽǡǿӽоԼֺ˺Ĺϵһ֡
ӽСֱǵԴӣʷϵ¼΢΢̾£Ȼ󽻸ģظȥ
ӽԶȥıӰ·ΪԼΪע⣬޵øжĺӣ˭ϲġ
ղһ߿ˣĸСˣӦܿ죬;ˡ
ûӽȴǶøж΢һͣȻӽһ䣺ϲүĸֶ涮¡
ӽǺһЦȻߣȥϽּ
Ѿ˵ղؾҪʥּӽдһ˵
£һ˾ϽǶȥûþ͵⡣
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ϵӽһǺþò˺Ϊӽȥͨ
ӽڵȴʵټڼ䣬Ĵˣת˲ԶĴʼУǱߵԼ֮ǰҪ˺ܶࡣ
ʱԿ˽˳еҵ񻹲ֻǲ֪Σӽе֪
ʱ߿ȥУΪõȳʵټ
һʵۣӽڸԼھʦʱڣЩʲô飬ʵ۵˵Щ飬ʵжٽȥˣ
˼֮ʱһŴүɻˣϼ
ӽȥԭʶжüЦվŶԼк
þòôͶݹͨӽҲػӦȭһ񣬻Ӧж
ΪǺүۼۼ߰ɣĪҪûϵȾˡжӽ˵ֶ֮λָʹɣһټ
·ϣӽĵжô
жһǰ·һЦŻشү׬ô˺öෳյ¶ҲڷأĻڸ¡
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ȷʵǷ˼ɻ䡣ȴҲպǸӣ԰Լ뷨˵
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֮ô˵ֻΪóʵۺ˺֪µĲףһΪһһȥ
ˣֻ˸ɵ£仹нڴȴв١Ϥδ߹ĺ·ֻҪСģӦҲû⡣Ҵ䣬̫ҲԶ֮أǰޣֻԶ
ʵȻ֪֣飬ôһڣɵһɣüͷҲ˿
ӽȴʵĻ̬ȣһϲ֪׸֧ôġ˵ѣҲûʲô˲õģѾͽѣûѵĻѶҪϡ
ʽתͷ˿ӽȻʵ˺Ƿ֪ذΡе
ӽһץϹˡԼֻһУлǰΡ˵ģˣȥҲûáӡڰˣںʱѱɱĲˡ
ҡҡͷشʵİٶʱ䣬ĿȫǡصӡڰҲŷ޹ȥİˣɱðһˡ֪ӡڰǺһ֣ǻƤ۾Ҽ翼ݣ˵ӡڰ˵ȾˣǸˡ
ʵͷ˽ˡתȥųʵ۵£ɳȥ̽·̫ˡǱߵ٣ѷ֡ɹȥˣһе⣬ܾܿͻزˡ
ʵ۵ͷ⡣
ǣɳȥ˶ˣһ򴬶ӽӴ󣬺ھͻغöࡣ˶ȥ޺һڵԼ˽ɽٷأδ׳һ⡣
డʵüͷ
⣬ӽ˽취´ˣӦÿԽɳȥ˱мСҶڱһżм׼ڱ޵࣬󲿷ǲͬġһӦþͲ˵ˡ
ԿӽͷãʱҲֻˡ
ʵۿӽĿʦΪЧġ仰˵ʦһ׼ӵˡ
תʵ۵£һѵ㡣Ϊϡ٣ԺҪǴģ⽨Ļһ֧ǳӴĴӲСǮ˭Ƿһǳ͢
ʵһǮ΢΢еͷۡǺõģҪǰʱһǮ¶ʵҪץģͷеǮˣе
һ㣬ӽȴΪ⣬˵´ˣûʲô⴬˭þ˭ǮԭˡԺ⴬͹鷪С˵Ǳزٵġɳ͢Ҳû⣬һοѸãҪãҪˡ
ʵһֵӽȥ˱޺󣬻Ҫã
ӽһЦŻش£ﱱ֮ϡ٣ӦںܳһʱڣҪ֧ԮڱվȽŸʱڣҪôͣʹȥȻԭʼͷʼԼ죬ҲǿԵġ
ʵҲǺǺһЦڴӣȥЩëѪӣȻǲ˻Ըġ
趼ҪӴ͵Ļ⴬ӽӴˣ͢ǮôԶôһѵ
ӽͷʣһ֮ЦŶʵûϵа취Խ


403 ȫմ
һתӽЦ˵˺Ϸ֪˴ΪϣΪ͢׬˺ܶǮǣ֪촬ķ輸ΣҪٴô
ӽᣬЩļʶˡ
ʵעӽܺʦôش
ֻӽһҡҡһ߻شʵֳҵӲ׬ֻһѡ촬ķãȴҲһҪг֧͢ȻҲҪ֧
ʦȲǳֲ֧͢Ƿ֧˭֧ʵˣʵ
ӽתʵۣǺһЦ£Ȼ֧߻仰˵ͱ֮ڵĲ죬ȻͻƷļ۸ࡣ籱ʣ۸ȻȴڵĹ󡣵еƷԭϣֿڴüǮ׷ȻԼ촬ͷˡ
ʵۺŶǵͷ㵹û뵽Ϊһʵۣһ׸˵ˣǺġӽҵĺͱǸ뵽ˡ
ʻ⣬ӽʦ㹻Ķȥô
ӽһ²Żشڿʼʱû㹻ĶԺ϶ԵġҲǷծķʽʱɹƶʱڣӦûġֻҪо޴ǰ˻ǻȥġ
ӽ˵Ȼһôŵ£´ˣղôһ˵һ⽨ľ޴ôˡ
϶Ц⣬û뻹һôĺôû뵽ʧܣԼںǿģҵлǲа
Ŷʦ뽲ʵһȲʵ
ʵĿ⾼ӽ˵ʲô޴ĺô
ʽĻһֱֳĬԼ͸˵жҲ۷Ź⣬˺ֻ³ʲôԹ
ӽҲӣֱ˵£´ˣ룬⽨⣬Ҫǳʰɡ;һӺˣͻǰܶࡣһЩ촬ΪĴǲǾзˣĻòǮһˡ
ڶڵͷͼ촬ҪľͷɣôľǲҲĻòǮˣ
ӽ˵Ѿ˼·ˣĻ촬ᣬҲӦܶǰɣ
ӽǺһЦ˸Ĵָʵ׸ˣ˵üǡ
ڵ˱ӽô۵ƨöЦһ±úɡ
ҲΪˣжͻȻֹѰԭѽƻʱ֡
ʵ۵鲻͵ѵ£Ѳ磬ˡ
ʵ۱жôһѣ̧ͷ⣬Цʦһ̸飬ʱ⡣ʦ䣬һŰɣղŵ¶û꣬޺Ǳ߳Ա顣
ӽһԷӾ͡ؽ
Ҳܹո·һͺһ裬ܲô
ʾӽߣӽĶаһЦȻл´硣
ӽҲԣ䷹Ҳһˡ
ǰĹžֱĻˡһһ߳һ£жһź
£ŸղŵĻ֮ҪĴɣһǰɡӽһᣬӲٿ֮󣬲̧ͷԳʵ˵
ʵۺʶע⵽ӽѿĳ࣬ȴΪ⡣ΪǰͼҲ֪ӽո·ȷʵֶ
ʵҲһˣʱѾӽ˼·ЦŽӵĸʴӣҲЩԴ˴ᣬӦҲ˺ܶˡʦɣ
ԣ˵̫ˡ⽨֮£ܴеķ棬츣ӽ޹˼ɵظ˳ʵһԵƨȻܽ
жãٵ͸ˡʱӽ˵ÿţɲ˺˵̫ˣ⽨֮£ѵۼҲкô
ӽһǺһЦж㻹˵ȻҲкôġ
ʵ֣ҲǺжһ뷨ģʦ˵΢еšûʦж˵֮ٴο϶㣬ֱжΪˡͺܺ棬жʲôô
˺˵˵ʲôôʾӽ˵ˣʵ
룬ղ˵⽨úܶ˰ɡЩǮˣȥֻٴ棬Ƿ⽨ļӰˡİնˣ͢ͻɣ͢ˣҲǻˡˣ᲻ٺ»ôⲻҲˡ
ӽĻҪͨ˽˵˻סǳʵۣʣжͨˣǸ˵ĴڡˣӽĻ
жûжӽⷬʵȴЦ۵ʦ롣
ӽһԷ¿ӣسʵ۵£ʵһϵͳѧƣѧһרŷЩϵĿγ̡Ȼܿڳ͢˵ǷǳбҪоġ
йݣеͷԵȨ߶һ㣬ȴϵͳȥܽᡢѧϰ
ӽôһ˵ʵ۾ͷ
δ˵ӽ˵ˣ£ղų˵һУһǰᡣûǰᣬһжǿ̸


404 ҵ
ʵһһôõǰҪɿ̸ǾԲԵġæʵʦǺǰ᣿
Ҳǳģӽҷ⽨˷֮׸ĹԽκһ׸ؽʷ
ˣҲͳʵһôõǰΪһ̸ѡ
£ЩǰᣬǱ㹻ʡã̸֧Ԯ½أӽָ׺Ե⣬ͬʱҲΪĺ뷨̵档
뷨ղŲ뵽ģڻؾʦ·ϣֻǿΰҵ⣬û˼»ǷǳбҪܹ۳Ķ۳һʱ׺Ե⡣
һɵͷʳһԣôôȥ֧Ԯأѵùڵİն
뷨һ֣ʾҡҡͷ飬ûС᲻֪ڴǾֵġ
ⲻԼͬⲻͬ⣬ôĻ⳯Ұǵضд˾̸ǻؼҡ
ʦô죿ʵһ¿²ýɣһĶ޵ģǶһһǸԭĶͻͣ
жҲǱҡͷ̾Ϣˣղ˺˵һжˮ£л޵Ĵˡ
һֱΪﶼиһġˣôһضˡ
ȴӽŲæ΢Ц˵¹ͬŬȺȺһﵽĿ꣬ǴĹ޵еĴڡЩҶҲǵĶ֡
˺ܲ⣬оӽⷬһӤδߣܵˡ
һӽע⣬Ȼüͷ΢ŵʵ˺ǵѴδĿ꣬ʲڵ󣬻ȥ֧Ԯ
ӽʣȵ˵Ҹղ˵ѽֻҪ¹ͬŬȺȺ˾ܴﵽĿ˰
ʦ˼ǸŬʵûжϻص㣬Ϳӽ
ӽ΢һЦתͷʵ۵Ҳ˵ˡ
һԼżˡǣҲ˵ӽ
£ķµЧʡ磬ֻһģҪ취е巽ж
жһ̲סˣ˺Ҫô˵Ҫô죿
ӽж⴬첻ģ˵ԭòġûˣаôҪܰԭ϶꣬ҾҲڴڻˡ
ӽĻȻòǺף˼˵ж뷨ɵġжڨڨЦһ£˵ˡ
ӽתͷʵֵۣʳָŸղŵĻһĽʽȺȺܹõ£Ҫ͢ӴΪ
ӽָĹǳ֮ǰԶԶеľֹȥľһһ
ӽ˵˻ָͷֽŵ㣬ӡʷķչУҲδʵ֣ҵǸʱһľʮܺ͡һ裬֧ŴȡԴİաʱĴǺ֮ӵĴڡ
ӽ˵ԼˡҪǴǰʵ˹ҵǻǸܴù
ʵۺʶڸղӽһеʲǺףۺһӽ˼ܿٻôʡ
ʵҲΪӽǷǰ˷ܵһӣĲ˵ѵ죬ȴ˿˼ɣӽ˵áʦ޾ôֹҵʽΣ
ӽͷתͷ׸ʡ
ʼʵۿԼЦݵر̬߾ܣ˴¡⹤ҵ֮»ϸϸֺ͹滮Ҫʵʩ¡
ӽνҿʼһֱĹҵʵ漰˴ķ档ûһͳ滮ͼҡ
ӽ˳ٱʷԷؽйҵйǱĽйҵҪá
ղἰҵʱ뵽˺öණ繤ҵҪĴʷϵӢõȦ˶ҵҪʱֳֶβԭʼʱйҵĶʲ׼Ȩ˶
ڵĴӢһȴҲ߱˹ҵĻ
һǧϵ˿ڣΪؼ沢أºܶû˸أΪ񣬻ΪСЩ
ʱĲƸ֮ֻҪʱЧԭʼʱ
綯谲ңɵ㼰棬һĿǰ⡣Ҳ˵ͳν׼ԴҲ
ˣӽ뵽ֻҪмƻвĽʵʩʲô⽨廹ʱ壬ڴϽйҵô֮ۡ
ӽ뵽ĵЦˡ·𿴵ĴһỹĴڣǸʱҲгˣҲҪѧӢˣӢȥɣ


405 ڼ
ʵ۵űκһζպܺã߳ԱۣʱЦ⣬ź̹ŮǺ棬֪Ƿʲô顣
ֻǿжŶ̡һʼʱ򻹺ãýζʱ仰ɵͲˣӿʼ飬رǿϵĳʳǸе
ʵۺˣֻ˵Ż˺ˣ̸һȻӿԣһֿʼģֳˡ
жԼĶӣжӽ޵ֱҧҪԺһԼģһҪڴƹڼ䲻ѵ
ûӽڳԱ֮ڷֺжûţ˼ظϽȥš
ʵ۷ʱѽҹͶӽʦղ֮¸ϵشһٽһ顣
õģ¡ӽȻ֪¹شҲ
Ȼʵתʵ䣬ҷһšһʦһ£и³̣ټ顣
ǣ¡ϳɳ֮ˣԴ׵Ȼᷴˡ
ʵ۷ԸתͷЦŶӽʦ°˰ɡ֪ĩиӣ㿴Σ
згҵھͲźˣӽЦŻصðҲԲ棬ѾˬһԼˡͣҲȡϱůͷˡ
ӽ⻰˵õ˶ЦгʵһЦһ߰룺ʦȻǸ׼֮ˣ԰Ҳ
ӽһˣʵ۾϶Լꤵж˺Ƿдլӣ
жһ£ϻصر£˺ĶϣһҷĴլӡжָþԭ
ʵ۵ͷּһЭνӦԪϻؾʦμû񡣡
ж΢΢еԾķӦٶȷǳ죬æشʵۣûóʵ۲гԾǣ¡
ʵ۳һ£һٴּּͨң͸ĸװɣΪзŮеھһ;ʦլһȫҰʦס
ǣ¡жļãּסʥּųʵۣûּҪ´
ʵ۹ȻлжּͨҾһ˰ɣǾңԱ֤µ׻µ˳Сô
жֻļ˺Ļ£Ҳǣͨݳʵ̫ԶЦŻشūס
ӽڻؼҵ·ϻڲжɶʱܳϷ֪͵˶֡
ʱҹӽߵƸ˶Ѿ˯ˣŵʱСɡ
˺ˣĶļͣôΪ롣֪˻Ϊֻĸϻ˺ȥأ
Ͼ˺ļ£˺ô˵µľôˣЦһ´Ӧ
߽ӽǺϤĸſڣſڣֻʯʨ֮⣬һվš
ӽƵԼֶкһʱ򣬺Ȼүظˣүظˣ
һǸĿڽ常ˣֱӺԭϳƺ
ӽһǸҹİ˶˿ɲá
˵ʱȴһҵؽŲһȺӿš
ӽ˸ſʱѾһſӵˡ
ܼںվǰ棬źһƹ⣬ܿһļ
壬þòӽЦŴ˸к
ںȴȻȥҲŹȥӭүظ
ӽլӵˣûڣȱһĹǡ˵ӽѻؾʦ󣬾һֱڵӽʥظ
ʱ˾ӽһ£Ȼ֮䣬ǰκʱ򶼾ãطԼļңԼؼҡ
λɡӽع˵һ䣬ְѷԵĶۡ
ɫˣҿȥϢɡӽǰǻڵϣٴ˵
лүһڼŴӦһվȴûзظסȥϢȻΧӽ
ӽΪж֪ǰԼǵ죬Ҫ֮һ
ǣҲϻ̧ȾߡֻԼȥˣǲŻȥ
ȺϷֳһЩˣӹӽƥȥ١
Щм˵ĴԼļΧţһӽ˺
ӽ˴֮󣬿ԼǰվŵһȺˣЦ˵ҳȥһˣҲûǣλͲٿˡϢ滹еæ
ںһЦݣ˶ӽүʱڻǺæǶǺܾûүˣүķԸҲǺõġ
ӽںĻվЦµ飬ʱеøλæģǻϢɡ
һҪŮˣ׷׹ϲӽȻŸŴϲɢȥˡ


406 
ĬĬؿ˼߳˴ãתͷ˺
ֻӽɨһ黹ڴõĸҪˣȻں˵壬ĺĸֶɨä£̻һʶֻ
ںվһߵĺСͷӦүģѽ̳ˣ˳̻ǡ
Ȼ־Ҫͷأɶʶ֣е㿹ܣһǰһӽȭһүһҪأûȥѧ
ѧͱĻԺͽӳɡӽ֪Ķʶͷۣе㿹ܣȴ°˹û⡣
ڳԭҲǺĵ˴Ӷѵģֻʣ༸ͬ鸺ȫûлӽ
ӽ˵ԺӻΪˣ߲ߣһļķĺˣүҡ
ӽһ߿Ц£˳Ҳ˻ڵ¶ּмСļҲ£ڸϢһʱɣ˳һѧѧʶ֡
Ը֮תͷҲˣôûؼңҲԻؼҿɡ
һҡҡͷү赣ǡǰµʱҲгòûؼҵǶϰˡ
ӽΪ⣬ǰǸˣҵΪǿµġʱһֱھʦ쿪ʼļƶϽǣǻҽϽǺ󣬿ԻؼҿȰٵȥҼɡ
ۼӽôΪǿǣж΢΢жҲͲټˡ
ļӽԸ飬ʹӻͳһݶӽүдǷݻĽĶѵʦ
ӽ˲˰ţȻЧġҪ˵ĻԼָˡ
ôһ룬һӶǵ顣
ӽȶں壬˰ɡ̷˾ȥٸĽ»硣
ںӦһȻǰӹ۵ֽպԼĻ
ӽںתԼͽŵ壬˰շ۱ʵԭīһЩʳľãҪϸ㣬󡣾
ӽ˵ںʾ£Ȼ²˸ңë̫дˡ
ԭ˵ëʵģǸףЯ㣬ֻںī
ںȻ˺ҪīʴëʣԼǾãүҪõʱַ
ӽתڳԸ쵽ʱǵ֡
ȻˣָҲ˵˱顣
ڵһ˶е棬ѵ˺ҪϽʾݣ²µôôǲ˵㣿
ӽ鶼Ըȥ󣬾վ˸˸ǷȻΧ˶ڿԼе㲻˼صеˣҶЪ˰ɡ
һӽôˣ㲻ٴţ׷׸ȥ
СԼҪ˯һģ˶һݡǶ֮ȴô˯š
ｫԺļˣǶһеİҲˣ˾ۼʱǶѡվһ߲˵
˵ү常ǸãȻСʵ
һ˵˶ںڰзſϣ
Ǻү常ȿھ
е㲻ؿûпڡ
Ҿðɣû常ĻͲˡǺүĻǻҲˡԼĿҺӽǵҪش⡣
ʵ˵òõ⣬Ҿ常áǿû常ΪԼͶôáԭֻȴΪֶҲ˵ԼĿֻӽֺ㲻һ
常常áֲֻΥ֮ǰ⡣
ˣлѷֳһʤͲ඼ĬĿ
ֻǲ֪常񻹺ô漴һ䣬ңͼǹˡŵɶȥ²ǱȽΣյġ
Ļһ䣬С˲֪ңĬĬΪĺף˶ڲ֪˯ˡ
ڶһ磬˺˾æˡںһ߰µĽѧݣһʼӽµǰ׼
֪Ůͨݣ·;̫ԶҪ׼Ķ͸ˡ
ӽҲù;ͳţǰϽǺͳʵۼһϵе顣
ڵ֮ʱڳ󶼲Լͬӽ
ӽηԼҲǵãоڳںԼ԰һɵЦһ£ͷʾ֪ˡŴ˳ʵ۾飬ûͷһ飬ˡ
ʱҲˡ˫кʼԶԶر˿ȥĻģ졣
ӽȻʵ۾еף͵ĵʵ´ˣ۾
һһЦȻŻشҹδߣͷһͺá
ӽһǼ˯žˡȰ´ˣñ尡
ҡҡֵ޷Ϸҹһޡ˵֮£Ϸĵʳ֮ףӶԲһо̸ˡ
ӽһЦ˵´˹ȻΪ׸ҲҪҪԵء


407 
һ㶣Ϸղ˵Ǵյʳ᲻ԣ˺᲻ô˵ʲôҲҪĪ˺ֱ˼ˣ
뿪ʸʱŴ򿪣漴̳ǰگ
һͰסʵ뷨ȽҪ
Ҳģ㰡ӽ¶һף̾һ䣬Ȼһȥݡ
Ļ󣬷ֳʵţл¡
ҲһŰķıжֶվһߡ
ԭ׼һȥͨݵģΪ̸֮Ҫи¼Ȱˡ׼ȴ֮ȥҲͼʱ䡣
̺͹ŮһȻʵ׼̸ĻҲܿʵӦǲǵùŮ̳ȥ˷ʱ䡣
ʵ̧ͷʱһֻʵ۵ľܺãֻ۾Ҳˡ
£Ҳһû˯ɣӽžȵʵ
Ǻǣ˯ŰӰ쳯͢ڵһߣ޵úúÿǲСʵ΢΢еΣæһ£ò֪Ϊں󹬺Ͱһҹ
˵󣬷ʵ۾Ҳˡʵۺʵ䣬Ī㡭
˫۾һӣǺЦȻʵٿӽʦûûεģ˯ô̤ʵ
ӽһЦһЦݣضԳʵۺ˵£´ˣҹ󣬻밮ϧ塣ʱʵ˶£˯㡣
ʵۺһסЦݵͷʻӽû뵽˺Ҳ̽
ҼϢܷοǳʶȻ֪ˡӽ͵
ʵûкӽȥֺ̽Ϣη⣬ĵľ֮¡
ʦ䣬ǽɡʵ۷Ը
жһ˱ϵλë׼ʱ죬¼۵ݡ
ȵȣ£һ£Ǻüˡ˵£һˡӽһæ˵
ʵһе棬ӽŶ˾ʦ˵ɡ
˺Ҫ˵°ɣ
û뵽ӽһڣȻ££½һָԵġ
ʵһеҲ㾪ȣûʦȻʱС¡
ӽ˳ʵеȻı飬֪ˣæ͵£ҪΪ˸Եģ˵ܳڱʳڵֶǲѡָ㣬ͻúóԵ㣬Ҳܻӭ
ʵʦôڴʱΪԼĿڸ֮˷ֹҴƵʱ䡣
һҲʶ˺е棬ӽ˺Ҫʲôʳܳڱ棿
ӽתʣͷɣֶܳڱ棬Ÿû⣬ʡ
ʵ⻰е㲻ף廰ʦⲢǺܶ࣬ҪɵĻ˶ٰɡ
˼壬ʵ۾ˡ
ڴ⹩Ӧճ裬Ǯһ˼Ҳܳһ١Ҫɣ۸󣬶Ҳ࣬¶ڴûʵʰ
£Ҳһ֮£ʳǲýղųΪ˺нû뾹Ȼɣ޼°һ˵ͳʵ۵뷨ࡣ
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Ŷʦѵģʵʵ
жűʣǰֽһԵľԼ˺Ҫ飬ǰֽϻСȦȦ˺Է˵ͱҭ
£Ŀǰ˵ɵԭ⣬Ǵ⡣ȡ֮֮ߡֻҪ취ץ㣬һʳԴ
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ʵͷܳڱ⣬ȷʵǸö
ʦ֪ʵеԾûӽ֮¶뻹ʲôʦ֪أ
ӽʵ΢΢Ծı飬ôһСϽʦʦҲеϲС
֪ôǴûζѱ֤ˣ˲Ҫһоо
ӽŵҪ⣬һߵΪԼһʼ˺Ķ΢ее㲻˼
ʵۺȤܰѴе㶼ץһܳڱʳʦ˵ζҲãǶԴĿǰΪʳһܺõĲ䡣
֮ʱѾӽˣʦθ
ڹŴǺѱ䣬ԭ½޷ܵٶȼ졣ˡ
ڸۿڻߺӱ߳ҲͰˣһֻҪһ·̵ĵطͳԲ㡣˹ŴŻνƲɼá˵ǰĻȡѶȺƵͬˡ
ѬɵҲУ̫ѳˣҲû뵽ģЩֻΪ
Ķԭ̷ͬűҲ˵ʱûеġ
Ҳˣ䲻ʳ֮£ȴҲܺΡ


408 ʿ
ӽЦЦشɵʵܼ򵥣Ƥ޹ǣϡãȻϷɾˡ
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ǵʻпԿʵ۸Ǳʱ䡣
ӽԾתʵۣ͵ǰʵϸʵ޾ͻᱻӳˡ
ʵӽᵽϸǰ˵¡˵޺ܺϸǸʲôϧʦ˵ܿϸ΢һֱûƳ
ӽһЦŵ£΢Ҳ˵ƾƳġˣȥ
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˵֮Ͷʺӽ˾ȿʼ֮°ɡ
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ëɲڽһڵȵ͢¸˵֮࣬ɵ£ʹʧ
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ʷϣݰҲë˸¹Ĺһֱ浽˺Ҳɼ򱳡
¬Ŀë檣Ҳǳ¼ʢŮԶȥ֮󣬾ԭܱٿ顣
ڵȴ¬ʱڣӦԪ͵͵ڽ
ԭëɲ¶ػ֮ǰڵʱԸеһ
ȻҲ˱ֵĺ͵֮ʱ࣬εȷëĵϵ
һԵеʧǣ񲻼ãԭԬڵܱ
ҲܹɽûˣԭɽصѲԼĸ˵־ֲǷǳͣʷϾƿزסƶɱˡ⼸һҲ֡
ӦԪ˵ıаǲϵڵطҲǸϣ̨ܰǶšһԸ²
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¬һ£˶ȭִĩμةˡ
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ڿһ¬ų˵ǰգ˵ǵϽҪԽ²ǣ֮Ҫй⸴ɶĿꡣȻǵ÷񣿡
ĩǵáش
Щ¬ةһἰ£пȷλ²ȡùʤϹ٣С֣ӦþǸʵµϹ١
ʶ㣬ǵже㻶ϲϾ˭ϲ쵼һҵġ
ǻǵ͹¬ľģڵ쵼֮ǰ쵼ͳӺͶԸ²֮ϣй֮޲
¬Ȼ֪е뷨Ȼѵǣ֮ǰ˵ϣʵеߣϳͲ
ĩסн춼ҵش
ãǱپͲϻˡҲٴĴˣݾڴϡ⼸վͻѲе죬ַݣʿе
¬˵λվԭھͱҪߣټǸߴģԵƣٵһξ͸λһӣǻȥ׼׼ԺͻѲ飬ϣǲҪñʧˣ
ղŻΪǼöˣһ¬ĻѹѲ¿ǲԻӵġ
¬û˵ֽɢǣǼɸԻص
ƤǸܱ¼ʢ¬ӷ硣¬ҪʿеҲûˣϽȻȥ׼
¬ڵϣһĿ϶Լ¼ʢһһظϡ
ƤܱҲѲʱפأֻ¬ӦԪԼˡ
ӦԪͳˮӪͺͻ¬ݣԭһĸˣȻҪͬ쵼Ѳġ
֪ԼѲĹϵûô׽ºû£˽뿪ˡ
¬Ҳֵû߿ӵѲĹ⣬Ҳ޺øСѲģ׼
࣬ȥߣص¬ӦԪ
ӦԪһЦŵѲҪ΢˽ð
¬ȴҡͷֻ˽еҲȻءϻˣǻ·ʹӲųȥ


409 ΢˽
ƤڣԼʮϱʮ䱱溣뽨²ؽʮ
ƤϵӶɢڵϲԱӪΪܱС
¬ӦԪ˱ºֻ¬¬ĳܱš
ֻôٵĻҲ¬
࣬˵Ƥĵڶӹôôһ·١¬һС·һǰߣһߵӦԪ
̨ǻ֪ĶࡣǰһЩӣȥʾ֪ˡӦԪЦһ£ȻָǰһЩéݷ˵
¬ҲǣӦԪԼһӴϢûԼôܸԼء
ǰӣּӿ˵Ųǰϡ
˸ȳкôôһߣ˵ÿ߲ܸĲ
¬һ˿쵽Ǳߵ֮ʱȴЩéݷ½½һЩˣȻ߷ȥ
¬֣ٴ߿һ㣬סһڣƼݵİʵȥģ
ӿסԼЩһŸɾ࣬ɫ֪ǵ֮ˣܿǺǸ͢ٹˡȻǰ˺ܸߣŻƣҲ˲ˣʵܸԵô
ëʱ˾Ƥף⺢ӵһ뷨Ͱ¬ˡ
¬һ㶣⺢ǿֻûعͷʵ˭дԵûУ
ӦԪ¬Ļûаѳʳϵϰߡ
¬ҲûУ΢еΣһʱ֪οڡ
СѾǶûгԵģʧǶ¬˵˳ˣǶȥߺţһЩؼҳԡ
¬һӣƽСʵôȥأ
Сûϻش̧ͷɫתͷ¬شҵﶼˣҴ˾µҵ̫ܵСˣڼţҼ˾еĳˡ
¬һаһӡȻ󿴿СճǸéݷܽȥô
Сղſɫ֪˳еʱ䣬͵ͷȻ߻Լķӡ
ٶȲ죬øĳ¬ߵúǱŤоԼͳϷߵС鲽һ㡣
Сҵéݷǵһ䣬Լƿŵľ˽ȥȻվűߣţԱ߽ȥ
¬˽ȥéݷе㰫ò΢΢ͷŸպûͷŷ
磬Ǵôгˣһͯݽ
ǣп˽űߵСشһȻŻＷ¬˵Ѿˣվˡ
¬һڨڨһЦе㲻˼˳ȥվš
ӦԪĸû¬ߣéݷڱҪһ㡣
͹ȥһ־һľ嵱һСкƼݣϸһޱ¶ĸ첲û£Χûп·
Сп˸Լ¶˸Цݡ
ӦԪûɵһᣬĺӣݳƤͷˣ
¬Ҳѿڵŭ⣬ⷿѹŭſСǴ粻ô
СһϿҪҴ磬ûˡǰë˧ڵʱǻҴΪ¸ң˵õԵģԼ᲻óԣɶӣҲҪؼǳԵġ
¬һǾϾСǰԼˡ
ƽʱԵҲʡһġڴϵСһĻͲ
ǲǿȥ߼ôݵ¬С˵еţʾ
СؿһۣȻ˵һȥ߿֪ˣһֶܷ㡣
磬ˣ˵͢ˣʳԣöϵСȻ˵
Ǹղ˵Եģ˵磬¡
ͯöڵжܡ
ſڵСܵܵĻ͡šһȻ¬˵Ҫȥˣٲȥˡ
һæ˳
¬һ⣬ͷԸ¬ȥȡЩʳǡ
¬ȻûݣȴĶԻӦһȾܡ
ŵСһ¬ȥȻ˵лүӸүͷˣףү¡Դ
˵֮󣬾׼ͷ
¬һץסĸ첲УԼܴ˴
ӦԪǰµĺӣŵǸкȻԼҸ
¬ǰС˼ҶǺһô
Сҡҡͷ¬ӦԪк˵㡣
˭֪СĻشȴǴΪ⣺ҼҴ統űõģЩ񻧣Ǻ߸ЩүȥˡҺ͵ܵǱߵˣˡ
¬ӦԪ˻࿴˿Էеĳء


410 ¬ĳ²һ
жӵСΪλүӦʳ˵ظ¬˽ƤһЩ飬ˬشӦ¬Ҫ󣬴ȥӲιۣҲȥ˺˳ץ
¬ԽԽأԶ֮ǰء
˵˳ץ°ɣˡҪǵϾΪ˺ܶʯͷס˸ڼûô඼˵
¬ڿһȦ󣬸˶һЩǮȻǮڵϣʵôôǷ⣬ӦԪصܱ
ʱ¬аԵԼҪµ˳
ԭǴ㼸һץһ
ɴڿ£ʿ޺֮ǣ̱Ȼô
˵ӵĴ磬ΪһЩԭʿԵþͺ٣ҪٷָһЩﻹȥɱսʱԱˣҲ˼ҪԼսˣô죬ҲЧ
¬ں֮̾˿һߵӦԪ࣬ⶫı䣬Щƴɱľġ
ӦԪͷɫصصҲܹǣ˵ʵҪǸ磬Ҳս
˺ټ͢һЩԱҵǡ⿿ĿǰͷһʳѵһǿҲû
¬˵̾˿ǰ˵ë˽Ժ̽ףȥ͵˲Ρ֮ǰҶԴ˻е΢ʣܲ˳͢ɷ飬ѵб˽ҲɡˣⶼǱƵءûףûжЩʣͲܴˡ
ӦԪ˸˵ǰҪǳ͢ãܰɶһðű̲ƵķȥЩأϾЩ˽ֱ֪ۺ켵ʣȥȻкùӳˡ
¬û˵ͷĬһᣬ̧ͷӦԪ˺ҪǮ촬żĳȥûУ
ӦԪҡҡͷЦ̨Ӧ֪ģֵµʿŸտʼ齨Աֻ㶼ûȫҡҪ֪ҵͷһЩʲôҲźдŰɣ
ӦԪ˵һ£ŵ˺ûлؾʦ֪Ҳûá
¬֪ӦԪ˵û˵ʼ顣
һᣬվ˵ԭһŸһʱ䣬ӻһտʼžʳҸˡ¬󣡡
¬Ӧһڣү
㼴ǰȥ֪ͨƤܱ¼ʢҰʱͿʼѲʿ䣬žݡ¬Ը
ӦԪһû¬ӦУҲվ̨ȵȡ
¬ӦԪ֪ʲô顣
̨Σ֮ǰ˵ȥĻǲøİɡҪǾϦģϡӦԪѵ
¬ɫصҡҡͷ࣬㶼ˣҪһշţܾܾܿһЩˡƨҲԭһӣͳ졣ڹ˲ˣҲҶԹԡ
¬һүѶͱȭһ񣬳Ŵȥˡ
ʱܿ͹ȥˣ¼ʢֲ̿شƤбѲѲ顣
֮ǰûãûʿԱҲѵ
˵ǵĲУû˲УƼűȱȽǡ
¬ǰļʿɫϺãװȺЩʿҪò١֪ЩӦþǽǵļҶˣ̫ˡ
һű䣬пƼףڣվվˣ
¬кǳأûȤȥѵЩĽ졣
Ŵۣ߸׵ĻЩʿУԵе롣
¬Щʿ俴ԼЩ˵пĽҲľһЩӵһ룬ߵ⼸ǧ˵ĶмվεѲ¬
¬Ļһ͸ةк粻ʱ죬ȴҲܴ˶С
֪Ǻܿ࣬ģֻҪ¬ĳһڳԵģ;ٶӡ
ֻҪ¬ĳ·;ܶ
ұضȫ͢ȡãưǵļˡ
ҾֻһҪģҲҪúøһɱ²𣬹⸴ɶ
¬һеʿ䶼е㾪ȣǰǸٹԳƱ٣±˲֪ƵġѲȴԳΪңԳΪ¬ĳԼƽʱ˵Ļû
ؼǣѲǰ˳ŵǵжϣ߳ٻڲܻͬܿ߳µ
ôһ룬еʿ䶼δ㽣Ҳƽ׽˵¬˺øС
¬û˵ʲôֱŶá
¼ʢӵؿ¬ǸߴıӰΪЩ⣬оة˶Դʿͽ̬ȸպúͱ෴
¬˻ԼڼලָŵʿȡʳȻתͷԼĳ¼ʢȽڻɶӹô


411 
Ƥܱ¼ʢĹְǰһش¬ë˧û֮ӹս١ֻЩʱգࡣ
¬ٴʵЩԭںδڸĽ²ΣǷйѯʣ
¼ʢɫеף֪ƭ¬ةʳˣֻù
ة¼ʢ¬ȭֵ
Щԭģëرע㣬Ҹ˽ȷϵĵӦĶԲߣϸȥ˽⶯ɢҥԣ佨²
ë󣬶ľΪǰ;ǣëµĹҲûȥء
¬ɫ񲻺ÿ˵㣬ûзֻ˵ӽ𣬲иҪ飬뼴棬ϲϸ֮Ҳ÷ɡ
֮ôҲΪľ£µЩ컹ûзӦʱ䣬ԾôһΡ
¼ʢ¬ûΪϲĩĩס
ڶ컹¬ӦԪӵĻ£뿪Ƥǰһվ
¬֪ƤˣҲòȥʳþ췢ȥ
֮ڵݳǺϦںƽϿգѺˮԶĵݳȾ˺ɫ
¬վڴͷɺ紵ţŵݳǻ⼸š
ԱߣӦԪš¬ԴӺѲӹһ·϶Ĭԣ֪鲻á
վһӦԪ¬˵̨Ź¹ʿ仹ӦܺһսرëνµĿе¿λ˾пϲ˾ֵвپ֮ʿ
¬תͷӦԪ΢΢ҡҡͷҲֻԶԣͨӻû⡣࣬㲻ҪˣǶëëëĵϵȻһˡ
ӦԪҲ֪㣬ֻҵ鰲ο¬ѡ
ʵԼҲкö飬ֻûмֻˮֻм˺Ǹˮʦӣȥˡ
ˮӪڶ²սϣôǺܴһҲ֧Ԯ½ս£첻²ֶѡ
һ¬񣬾ǵ¬λڵһ߰źýܸյ׼󣬾Ҫʼ죬͸á
ӦԪԼ飬û˵¬̧ͷݳǣŽҪĸ顣
û뵽ǻǰջصݣ˲ûͷӭ¬ҲΪ⣬һЩȽڣֱתѲ
յѲڵǡ
һٻڼ֮˵˺Ѻһһ⣬ةĿ
¬һӽŸæҪȥ
ӦԪе棬֪˺ʲô齻ںҲûã¬ڿǽٻ˺ڵ˺εأ
žнһԽУⲻǰƣڽְз仯רŶžӡǶΪԼȾнҪ߼ο˵ֻǸССνѡ
ӦԪ¬Ƚ׽˾䣺Ǻˣ˺кĿģ
ӦԪе㲻ϲǾӸµ̬ˣ¶Ц˵ǶЭνӦԪ˺δ÷û˼ֻǹ¶ѡ
ٻһǰ˾Ȼ˺Ĵӣϻ˸ɫֺõ˵С۲ʶ̩ɽղŶе¡
ʸҲӦõġӦԪô˵ֻͬڽ˺Ȩƣٻ֮£ġ
С˹ƣ˺ǲҪصʦˡٻӦԪƽϣæش֮ǰǸ⡣
ʱ¬ѿӽţһ߰ŵݸӦԪһʽٻ
ٻĹϵѲǲҰڼӵģæشڵݸηš
¬һ¬ȥЩ˶ᵽѲҪһ
ǣˡ¬ӦһȻٻȥӷˡ
¬ˣͿӦԪտţЦŵ˺۹⣬ЩȻǿ֮ţͰǶҵıӪ
¬ӦԪҲͬ⣬ͷ̨Ժ»ͽư
¬һЦӦԪԼƨˡ
ʱͨ˵ʹ
¬һɫôˣʹż·ġôһ룬в֪ʲôҪԼ͸ϽӦԪӭ˳ȥ
ûʹ¬ҪӦԪּ
û뵽ǣ⴫ʥּӦԪؾμ˺Ļ
ʹ֮ЦŹϲӦԪԸȥϢˡ
¬֪ϢҲǹϲӦԪϾȻ˹ּǺ¡
ӦԪֵϵЦһֱû֮ǰʱĶڴ˻£һ˿ġ
˺һԼӣϾԼݣֻһŮѡ
ڻڼӦԪͷһֻЬӾ˵ء
ֻе֣ԼŮĳôֱӻؾӦҪͨݲŶԡ
ʥּȻô˵ˣֻӦԪҲԼ÷򣬸߿ܷ࣬ԼǮ촬ˡ
¬Ϊһ⽮ʥּ뿪һʾ֭뷨͵µĺһȴֶӦԪѵ˺ʲô
ӦԪһһӦڵڶһ磬ϻؾʦ


412 ˿
ʦϽһ֧ӣеʿɿŲţƲŸ·
Ϊ֮˿ɫֱһȻڲߴˡ
үǹæһŵСЦ˵
Ϊ֮Ǽ˺ӽڵĻͳʵԼ۷ҷ⽨⼰һϵе顣
һ߼¼жֶдˣǼ¼ֽ˼
һ󣬳ʵۼʺӽ۵ú࣬ȰǰؼЪϢ
ӽһûûεֱӳˡϵʣΪ׸ڸ飬᲻ϢȥûҪҪ
ӽþˡ˵ûлͷĴʼУеƣ˵ʵҪܶ࣬ӺͿȥ£Ҫͷ
үҪĻ°ߵڳѵ
ӽתͷҶЩϰײ죬һжίиˣҪҳģҲȥ¡
ӽĶصͷϾүԺġתһ룬־ú񲻶ԣ˵үǺǰôϰӦúʹɣ
ӽĴȴΪԼүͷ˵Ȼһ۹Ҵ²үҪ顣
ӽתͷȷۣĵʵ⼸ϡͿأһֱǵˣǼﶼôʲôҪҰæô
ȷһæȭһ񣬸мصлүģﶼõġ
ڳ⼸һֱͶ˻һѾˣ˫ҲضԷЦص˭ö۵ļ鷳ǲǣ
һǺǵЦʱĶΪԼְҵеԺ
ںһջӽҲκϵǽͲһˣǰҿиٻļڽϿ캰أǾܵƱŲú
ӽһʲôƱžܣе֣ʵ˵ʲô飿
үջؾʦģ϶֪飬ͰԵ˵ͺүйϵ
ӽһ͸ˣԼƱŻϹϵˣ
˼ӽתͷԼæ͵үץ˰˴ô˻δѺ⵽ʦ˴ھʦƱž;ˡЩЩƱŵ˶Ѫ޹飬Ҳ䣬Щ˳츮ſڿֵϢ
ӽˣͷ»úԼйϵ
ҪǶˣҲһĽǲǽûʲô
飬ӽͻתӼǰߡ
ȻְҵȻһص飬պÿԳûʵʩ
ǣһͣס漴һߵתͷһ˵ߣȥʼУҪ˽ЩϢ
ǸղŻ˵ӽҪؼҺúϢһ£ôһС·ֵų֮͢£˺ǴԱĿģ
ҲеĻĺү壬Ȼ˺Ѿ˵ˣǵȻûһͷӽǰʼС
ӽʱڽһ¥ְԱҲæµš
еϲǸ¡
ӽûоǣӲ˶¥Լİ칫ҡ
¥ְԱһ˺а칫ˣδ쵼ܹ
ӽ΢£ǰ϶
ЩְԱ˺æӣ㲻Ҵţϵӽǰ󣬾ֻиԱŵѯʣ˵Զʧˡ
ӽһܱеҵȻԽԽˡ
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413 ͨб
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Ķؼľġð֪ôһطǿʱһеֵֽ˵һŷֽԤڣվͻʹֽϾֽʵңҲͭǮͷ̫ˡ
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ӽһҲЦһ˵Ȼˣ£ûֻһо޸ó͢ȥҵġƱЯ˽ӣ˵¸ƹֽһͻƿڶѡ
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ӽȸʵ۷˴´Ӱ죬Ϊֻϲźü˵
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ӽһɰʵ۵˼άݣ䲻ȴѲԶ
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ӽ˲˵뷨ǰѴʼΪԴͨаͳܼලнڻҹҵҵտڳ͢С


415 еıҪ
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416 еĽ
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417 деֶ
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м¼Ȼ˺Ͼ˺ȥģҲҪлر
죬˵ӽһ࣬óŵĿռ䣬Ȼֶ⺰˼ϲ衣


418 ̲
Ҳֻʸֱͨӽ鷿⡣ӽ֣
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һӽĺȵлһȻӽת鷿ڣŸ˽ȥ
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ӽŲǺһֻдšиͼ֣ëڵͼȦһСȦ
˰ٴӽ濴ŵͼͽ͵үЩȦĵطȫֲ̲ݵģռ˺ʮ֮˾š
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ӽһӦŮ˼˲ˣ˵ɡ
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ӽԼֿ˻ͼ߻λȥ
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˰ٴӽʻͷ˲˼ĨߵĲˮ˵Ÿ·ûԷ
ӽһæһЦ˼ϽֵŪԵȥ
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˰ٴЩˮ¶ӣͱȸղźöˣʼݵظӽ˵үż·ûϸ˽⣬»֪Щֲ̲ݡ
˰ٴ˵ӽ϶֪ǵˡ׬ǮĶ˭˶ǰҧһڣĽ϶ǵռˡ
ֻҪ˽ϸһЩҪܶ˽Ͷ˽㡣
ˣӽʵʲôֵģ
ռ˴󲿷֣ʣľǵ𡣡˰ٴش
ӽһǣ˷ϵ󣬷֮н֮ôЩˣĿǰ˵Ӧûܶ࣬Ͼ̲ʱſʼռ
һʵֲ̲ǲã
˰ٴͷںеȷʵܶ
֪Щô
˰ٴеԼżϻˣӽЩûȫ˽⣬ֻǸӽҪȥֲ̲ԼڼΪ֮ˣӦ뵽˺ֲ̲⡣
ںûˣ˰ٴŻش¿̲ݵУƶС
ӽûˣָűϵһӵЪϢ°ɡ
˵֮Լα۾й̲ص顣
ӽ˵ǲ̵ġڳ飬˵䣬˼ζû
Ҳ̲ܽݱϾǶƷֻҪǿ㣬ܽġ
ں̲Ҳһɹררȱδˡ
ٺͨϰԼʳõο򲻻˹ܣҪǷҵΣĻǻᴥɡ
̲˵ĻͨϰԼֲ̲ݶԣǿԱʳҪǿ
˰ٴ˺Ǳ߱۾֪ԼϢû˵˺˼
˺óһʱ䣬ӽû˵ļ˼˰ٴòˡ
ӽ۾֮󣬾ͶԹ˰ٴȥòͰɣȻϢһҪʥ౨̲һ¡
˰ٴǺ˽˺Ϊʲôô̲ݣ˺ֻ̬Ϊ̲ݲӣȴռԵʡ
Ҳûʣûʸȥ۴˺ȥͻۡ
뵽ӽȭһ˼ȥԷˡ
ڶһ磬ӽϽǣ˳ʵۡ
Գʵ£ҷ⽨ͽڼһ£µĲˡ
ʵһһϲóʦкõĽ顣
ǣϽӽ˵ʦҪ޽׸ô
ʵ֮дһ˵Ϊһֱģ֮ǰ˽ϾҪٿڸˣӽв䣬Ȼʴһۡ
ӽһͬԼǣ벻´ˡ
ǣһվɡĻֱգֻʣ³ʵۡʺӽˡ
ӽʵۺʶں˼ƵԼ˵ҲͲʱ䣬ֱӵ£´ˣϲдֲ̲ݡ¹ϵش󣬵ˣڷҷ⽨⣬ܸ˳ؽС
ʵһˣɻʵʦΪ̲ݣ
̲ʱûռʵ۵ȻͲ֪ˡʷϵּ֪ʱѾʿ䶼ֲʳҲˣʱܱĺг˵Ҫջǲ֮ˡ
ȴ˵̲ݣԳʵ۽͵̲һҩģҿɱ


419 ̲ݵΣ
ʵһʵĽͣеˡҩĺȽͨѵܱԵʣˣ϶ԭ򣬺֮أġ
ˣֻӽҡͷ˵´ˣ̲ҩûҪһ˷񾭵ã仰˵񡣡
ʵһЦ廰ʦ˲Ǻܺôʱҹе£Ҳ̲ԡ
ӽһæҡ΢żضԳʵ۵ǧ򲻿ɣû˵꣬ⶫкǧҪȥԡ
ʵһЦݣԭ̲ݶкæʵʦ̲ݶкΣ
Ҳ֣Լû˵̲к塣Щ̲֮ˣҲƽһġ
ӽɫ̬࣬ׯص˵£̲кһֽŶĶֶ綾ֻͨȼ̲ǹ̵Ļֻһ֣˱濴岢޷ȴѶڣֺ˵ķβʳ֮󣬷λֲ䣬¸ּ
ˣüͷ˵˺˵̲ݿԶҩ
ԣʵһԶҩҪһǳʱֳΣӽתʣػش
ʦ˼Щֲ̲ݵ˱̲ݱԺ֪̲ݵΣˡȻˣµֱּʾΣɽֹˡʵ뵱Ȼ˵
ӽʱҲйͷֱֲֹɺһ룬ֲһǻֲҲǻпˣ²衣
ǣʵ۵˵Ȼҡҡͷ£̲һµĵطΪԶҩ㡣
ʵӽ̲ݷǳ⣬ԽԽӣ⡣
˵ʳ̲˵˷ܣ仰˵˸еáо仰һ֧̣ɣɴ˿ɼ̶˵жڳļ磬Ȼÿ˶֪к彡ɸĻ¶İ
ӽⷬóʵۺʶе˼飬֪кˣʳ̲ݵħô
ǣʵ۰˵˳ӽ͡
£ҪС̲ݣ˷ܣ˺һղ͸е˵ܡҪ벻ҪкܴСֶڳƷҲ˵̲ǶƷһֻ֣ǵȼ͵ĶƷ
ӽԥذ̲ݻ鶾ƷһУйϵ
ʦ˵ĶƷʵһĵʵ
ӽ˵ĻѾ˲ѧŵʵļʶˣҲӽ⣬ûٲ廰ӽ͡
ֻӽصͷǵģ¡Ʒʳþܿ˺ղܡȻȫ綼ֹ͵͵ֲڼ˾ͨеһֶƷӣ˵塣
ӽ˵ûе㳶Զˣ˵£ڴ̲ⶫкôҲлֻҪˣܴ洦ġ
ʵһѸղŷɢȥ˼˻ӽʦ㲻˵Է⽨֮Ǹ䣬ָþô
ӽͷǵġ̲ݳ͢һҪƣڳ͢вСڳļҲˣ̲ڹרһԿ̲ݹģ̲ݵ޴󣬱˿ѷɫ
˭֪ʵˣȴüͷһ壬еֵ˵ʦ̲ݼȻк壬ΪλҪ͢רܽô
Ҳһߵͷʾͬʵ۵Ȼкõźá
ӽҡҡͷ̾˿Щΰ˶һһףⶫֹܽˡ
ȿʣȻŶԳʵ˵£̲֮Խԣ˵ˡڴֲ̲ݣΧĹأأĻһôУջǻ̲аľ޴󷴵˱ˣ
ʵеԥ֪кĶֹк塣ʦ˵ҲûеԼֲй֮һ¾йҶֲֹ̲
˺ֱ˵̲δðɡ֪ӽ뷨ֱ˵ˡ
ӽһһЦ´ȲҪ˵ΣͿ˵÷ˡ
ʵۺһȻΣͶӽ⡣
Ϊ̲ݱĺôҲ޴˺еȵ̲ݣռ˴ֲϵʱ򣬲ȥֲʳֲ̲ݣʳ٣۸Ҳ͸ߣվͿ˰ա˵±ļĶٶϲ̲йء
ʵۺһӽ⻰׹ӽ˵Σʲôڴʱ˵ǸûʳûеóԣǶգͳζǳ
ؼǣ̲ݲǰյıƷ෴һֶƷ˼ռ͢ǾܴӦġ
ʿӽ˺˵δ˰ɣ


420 ̲
ӽͷǸ˵صˣ´ˣڴĿǰֵ£ּռ˴̲ݱֹʳɹꡣȹֲϵʱںٿǳֲ͢ӦǺʵذɣ
ˣûʵζԷҷ⽨õơ
˭ûϵʵ۷˲ͬʦ㲻˵̲ݵ󼫴ôôɳֱ͢ӿʼֲһǮʳΣ
һʵۣɵöеĿ࿴Լôû뵽ء
ӽҲʵۣû뵽ôһ취
ʵۿӵ沿飬оǶԼĲ죬΢΢е⡣
֮뵽ΪһֱǮȱĥţӽἰҲǹר̲ݵ󼫴ôղŵ뷨Ҳͺ֮ˡ
ʵ۵뷨Ҫһʱ򣬵Ҳá
ʲôʱȫСʱڣȫʳڼǮ򶼱ȽѣΨʳǰ;
ӽͰɸʵ˵˱飬ҲŲ£˺˵ϵԭʳԴӸĵΪɣ֮ʳֲԽԽ٣ʡѴӺ㹺ʳˡ
ʵ۲ôˣ̽ʵҪǴҹΣ
ӽشʾ˵ˣָĸңʣϽ²ΪձʵԶձΣѳδϢǷҲδ֪ʣ¾ˣʳҪ˹½·ͣ·ĵģҪǴӺ䣬ˮʦںеϺƽ͹ô
һпԶ˵һ飬óʵƿ˺һᣬڨڨصʦ˵ɡ
ӽһ˵еи⣬Խ½·⣬Ҳڵ󵽵ûʳԹ򡣶ҴʳûΣʱҪһĻ˵ˡ
뵽û磬ղŵĻһֹ֮Щ̲ݺô˱ȻġʱǸ淪ȥֲټռ͢ͲǡһǾжȥԽˣоʹǰ⣬Է⽨֮ȻҲкôˡ
ʵ۵ͷǿС¼ȻܶԷҷ⽨棬Ȼ᲻ͬ⡣
ʵۻǵ£ӽ˵ʦ̲ݻҪչ鳯͢רаɣ
ӽûԥֱӵͷǵģ£̲ûǳ͢ר
˺һЩ˻ȥֲ̲ôʵ
ӽ£Żشڱǳ͢רɹȥֲ̲ݣȻйڴۡ󲻸ߣôǸҶУܡ
ôĻռ䵹㹻ӦûǿԵġ뵽һ⣬ӽڷֲҲӰ쵽˷ôҲҪܰɣ
ʵʵͿӽش
´ˣΪʱ硣ҪںվסţܵӵķǾҪܣҲЩֲ̲ݵЭݲ;Ժôܲܿһ춼˵
ӽ˵һʶԼͲСˡ
ɵ̾˿¹滮ĴǰԶﲻġԼҪܶһ죬Ͷһݻܿһ졣±һĳɾͣʣµʱ֪Ҳ޺ˡ
еźֵϣʵ۸׽ˡ
ʦ֮ǰĽ飬Ϳ˵䣬ҽվ͸дһ죬ԺÿһΣγɶ¾ˡ
ӽϴʱ򣬽²ھ֮أûǮĳ佫̰óʵæðˡ
ڱ֮ǰѾ̫ˣӸղӽĻʵɫϼ£;վʵУԺǡ
һмʵһл¡
Ȼֿӽ΢΢£ҲлһΡ
̲ݵ¾ʱôˣȷҷ⽨Ļ֮󣬾Ϳʼʵ֣Ҫľǵȫֲ̲
ʵ۵ʺӽ֮󣬾ټ˽ָʹԡ
һԾʵշԸ֮ˣ
ʵû˵ʲô飬֪æش£ѵһЩƽղô¶ĽڽһɢƵꡢ¥ȰվۼȥɢϢˡҲóǸȥǰʦŶſƼ󡣹ƹ֮󣬾г۴¡
ʵһ΢΢ͷǻȽ⡣
֮ǰڸܰҲ漰ҲǴʵۣже̿֡ʱʵ۱ȽԼı֣΢΢˿
ʵ۽žͰѰصȫֲ̲ݵ񽻸ԭöģжڣԵıֻԣһˡ
ֽӵ񣬱ʾʵۻԼ˵ظˣϽȥˡ


421 ĳ̬
Ļٿ䲢ڸ飬ҷ⽨֮ʽ̡
ӽϯڰٹվţԱߣмһ磬ŷƵͼ
ЩԱв˲ûмͼڴͼϸڴеĵ㵺춼бʶ
ΪͼĴڣ˿ʼʲô϶ֳ顣
һʼʵ۾Ϳڸ׸ʵ䣬ȸλ°ɡ
ǣ¡ʴӦһ͵λվߵͼվ׼˵
һԭ׸Ѿ֪¡Ǻ׸Ѿ֮ٹ£ͷӦǼ¡
λͬţǰһ£˺飬׿ϣĿǰһ֮ߡֻ¹شش֮ʴʱԵôݲȣ
һԭ£ûôذɣһôڸۺֱ֮һּͳˡ֮£бҪô¡ô
ڵķңǴ˵ʶУ˵òһ㣬ʵǴȦһͷѡ
ϾͱʽĻˣԴҵĹ߽ش仯Ժ󽫻еķҷ⽨⡣Ŀǰ˵ҪǱޡ
˵һ׼õһϸָűޣһ˸Ȧ˿ط
һ£Ļһ˲򣬷׷߽ͼʼ
ѷҷ⽨⣬Ǵδй֮¡
ǱǺεطǸеǳ棬뿴Ǻڡ
ǮȻʹˣҲýȽǰ˱ޣȻɻԼѧʵ˵طǴҴķҷ⽨ڴˣ
˸Ϊ¹ϵԼְȨҲǳĵʻش
ȴûϻش⣬ֻǶԼʦ˵ǮʦԵƬ̣ѧһͻϸ˵
ǮԼˣҺҲ˵µʱѿͼͻعԼλãȴʽ˵
ӽһȺϰʮΧǣŵͼָָ㣬Сѧɶϡһ㣬۷׷ף΢΢еЦһЩԣڶĺ棬ǴС˶ġ
䲻ͬеģЩ˲ûп೤ʱͻعԼλõȴ׸һĽ͡
ʿһԼʦ˵˵ؼޣĿǰ֮ءֻһЩԭʼĲ䣬ŲѪëӡط֣ḻλͬſԿ˵غʹλʵ࣬ɼ
ʵĻû˵꣬ͱڸ󸨳Ǯˣ׸Ӻε֪Զ֮ط֣ḻȴֻǵͼռݣ
Ҳϳɳ֮ˣղſ˵ͼһۣ;ôԶе㲻ף˵ôϸ̲סˡ
һˣȻ֪ô£ΪȽʱѾͼˡ
תͷþδ˺΢ЦſԼҲ΢ЦŻӦһ£Ŵ˺ȥιԼʱĸĶǷ˺⡣
ȻǱߵʻشʦͼǺ˺ףҲ˺档
һ£˵Ŀһ¼е˺ϣҲΪʲô˺ϯԭ
˺Ժ⣬ӦҲ֪ϸǮɻӽʵ˺ȥⱱޣ
ӽôһͣҪ磬Ƴ˾ϸͼҪ˽⵱صķ顣Ȼǲܵ飬ҲѹǮʣҲɻ
ӽû뵽ʵϸɲûشҪ˵ȥǿ϶нӶʳҪ˵ûȥô֪Щʵֻᱻ˻ɡ
ҺǵԣԹ塣ʵۼ˵ΧʦԺ⣬֪ǶҲ֡Ǯ㣬ҲûѷһξǨȥ
ʵ۵Ļ䣬ʾͽŲµ˼ɳ̽·ˣǰ޺ʵ̽ʵĺ÷Ǩޡ
Ϊ֪ӽǷ˼Ӳ֪˸Ͻ漰ⷽƿЩ˼ϡ
ôһ˵ڵЩӵûף㱱޵˺Ǵˣ׸˵òһҲԴжӰ졣
Щ˶˾ʽͷҷ⽨ĺôڷҵͿջس͢Сƾ㣬ڴ£Ƕϲּġ
ڷҷ⽨֮󣬻ǸʲôЩ˭أ˵ЩŶɱڵһЩҲ
û˵ʣҲٵˣͼ˵Ҫǰ̽·Ҳ÷ҵһǰţϾ¶Ӱˣµ˼گȫķǰʦִ¡
ղһֱû˵ĺһæ˵򲻿ɡ


422 ƨɾԴ
΢΢Ծѷҷ⽨⣬Գ͢ǶԴҲ顣
ڳЩӦöǴˣȻ֪еĺôôᷴأ
ź裬΢е㲻ʵкβɣ
׸涨ûеġһټô෪۾ʦһͬ»᲻ʰ赣ĵ˵
ⷬʸղŵǵ㲻ɢˣֻ΢΢һЦг˵޷мƽϡʮķýӴͣףѡһ֮֮˽ɡ
軹˵ӽ͵һЩұضˣһŲ㣬֮г徢֮ĶߵΪ١
ĵʵ׸֮
ôԶķ⽨Ҫͷ治󣬿ԴЩҵġ
תһۣ֮ǰ۵ĸҵȨ˵һ顣
ʵĻһ䣬ĻڶʱһƬˡ
ʵۺʲżӽ͸˵ˣֻǴ͵Ĵڣ˵Ķǰ˵ˣֻԱȺѯѡ
Щλڴ˶˽ڴҵĴвʹ˻ʶıҪͨ˴¡
ˣһۺ󣬾öԷҵջӦòСдΪ˦Щȫ֧Ǻ⽨Ļв˻Ķ
֮ǰһֱûԵĻϸǺ޲Щҹʡ²֪Ǯ
Ҳһģԥ˰ʵ׸ʰѷҶ⽨Ļ⳯͢ǮҪٰɡջǮĵطأ
Ȼǻˣ֪տ϶׬ģпܹ޷ŵ׬죬дһʡ
˶һЦ赣Ǯӣֻ͢ǸǶѣҪзã⽫һḶ́ҲҪһ¾ΪóöǮ
ʽַ˲ٿˮٰйǮ뷨Ҳ˵һ顣֮ûһʼͰͳʵԼ˺¶˵ǲеǰǷǡ
˿ͺãʣµ¾Ͳˡ
Ϊ͢ȴˣ֮ǰжĵеƣ׸ⷪҪں׳ķҪͼı죬Ǻã
һǺǵЦ˾µʱЦ¾ͲЦˣ͢͵ȥ֮ҪͬչЩΪãҪ뽨ķǵҪٴУڼ仹Ҫ̴ǵȫԮ˲ڱվȡЩҪԴͼı죬Ӷܡ
͢һɫ΢죬Լλò˵
ӽЩĳûһԷҷ⽨⣬һ©ȱڷ
в΢΢ҡͷƨɾԴһС
õĶʵѾ˲ĶֻǺǣĶǰЩ֪Ҳá
ǣӽתͷȥպÿĳʵ۵ͷ
ʵȻʲô˼ͿڵȻλͬ˾٣ټ飬ѡ̽·֮ˡ»ѲʱգվȵΪֹɡ
ԭ϶룬Ҳ뵽һЩʣڳʵ˵շе۵ʱ򣬽͵ΪֹˡҲҰݣͷ˵
ֻ軹Ͼô£֮ҶóţԷ˽ᣬԿ֮͢ߡ
ʵ˺һᣬ͵ͷͬ׼࣬ԻᰲšΨһ㣬¹ش󣬱̶ܳΪ׵ȣλס˽й¶Ϣ
ıɷڽ²Ű֮ʱѰ䲼ˣڳҲԼΧڡǼǿ͹
ʲټ£ΪٿĿѾﵽͳͷǰʵһˣȸˡ
˼׸ˣֻ÷׷ʵ۹ǣһ˳⡣
ֻīڷ˺ûг۷˻
ʵ׼ӽ˵أеؿ
׼ʻʱ˵ˣ£ǰӷּ齨֮Ѱ׵˺Ʋָ㳼һ
ʵһ£ŷӦָʲôǺһЦȻӽ˵Ȼʦһ˰ɣԭ⡣
ӽƵĶԻŪͿˣʵ£Ǻ£
˭֪ʵΪ⽨֮£ͷͦ˳ģ鲻׽Ū֮ģصصʦȥȻ֪ˡ
ʵ۹ⲻӽкЦȴҲϵ˺żһ֪ˡ
ӽٿʵۣεЦЦʵ۸ǣȥ


423 Լô
ʵۿӽıӰʧڵ֮ʱʱѲ磬쵽ŵʱˡ
һᣬѷҶ⽨˺⣬ִǰһﵽڶδﵽĳɾ͡
ʵžͼ£ֱӷԸ̣ܻʺԬһš
һ֮²ǳʵԼһ˴Ҵźͽµҹߺͳӱ߳Ա¡
ˣʵ۵Ӷкɫ磬˶δš˶Իϲ쳣׷ױеܻʺҲ⡣
Уʵ۵鲻ӵãžͳԵڡ
ԵòʱһĿڿʼ˵
ʵ۽Ǵδйĸˣе棬̲סʳʵ۵պñ˸ˣ
ܻʺʱӵĹϵֻӣԵôȲ١ʱһȻ£³ʵ۲ˣͼװãù¡
ҲΪ棬˳һ˵û泯뷨
ܻʺĳæϯʵ۸ȥһ檿ڿ죬вֻͱһ˸ˣȴΥڹأ½
ڳʵ۵Уܻʺ󣬵谮ʵԬ֮䣬ϲµ֡
ȻΪ󶼶֮£⡣һѻְеˣ˵󶼶󶼶ϲ
ʱҲãּʱҲͲΪ⣬ǺһЦɣ޲һˣ޽Խ䡢棬Ϊʷΰĵɹ˴µĵһϲ
ԼŮǰñԼʵ۶⡣˳ʵ˵ʱ򣬻˵顣
Ůһؿųʵۡ£ȴݵܻʺҲȣֵϡ
ʵۿԼŮ˱֣ĵıõ㣬Ͷ˵¶˵˵Ҳ޷ֻͲҪȥˣѰѴΪܼ׵ȡ
ܻʺһ֪¹ش󣬼Ȼǻܼ׵ȣֹʵ˵
Ů˵ĺʢǳʵԼҪ˵סûȰֻǶź̹Ůȥɡ
̹Ů˳ʵ۵ĻڻʺԸδʵ۷ԣ͹ȥ
ͷȵֻʣ֮󣬾ʹ΢Ц˵ҪһߣѴڵзȫ⽨⡣һڵҸʱ򣬴죬£Ϊղ۹
ʵһ˵һõǰֺڴһĵ
ŮһʼʱҲǴΪˡʵȡ˳ɾͣΪŮˣȻҲɡ
ܻʺϵЦݾʧˣֻüͷһᣬʻǱ΢Цŵĳʵ۵£檿ɷʸ⣿
ʵһͷ޵Ļʺʲô;ʺˡ
ܻʺûΪ˳ʵȵĻ¶ϲ⣬üûչųʵʵ£ⷪҷ⽨⣬ɻµŮ
ԬһܻʺĻϵЦҲʧˡ
ȻĿǰûɴ¹ǽŮȻעúˡ
ߣ̫ѶҪǻϸղ˵ķҶ⽨⣬˻ϵŮĻǵŮͿ϶ȥ⡣ôԺټһ涼ѣĸ׵Ȼ᲻á
ʵһ֮ǰδ⡣뷨УָķҾָѷЩҡ
Щ˶ͳʵ۲Ǻף׵ֵܾһʵۣѾްˡǰʵ۰Щ˷⽨ȥ˿ûйǡ
ܻʺ⣬©һ⡣
Լжӣ뵽ܻʺ¡Ķһּۣ̫УӱȻǷΪҲǽķˡ
ʵ뵽ЦˣͷǰĲ˵
ܻʺԼԬ򱣳һһעųʵۣô˵
ʵȷʵеᣬԼĶӲ⽨ȥô⽨ķұȻӶӰⷪҷ⽨֮١
ԼĶҲ⽨ĻҲ˼ҵ׵Ȼʱ۾ۣһ⣬ͻϺˡ
뵽̧ͷԼŮˣһеؿԼ
֪ĵ뷨Ϊ˸Ϊĸߣ˭ܺԼһ
ʵһֵ̾ͷ˵
˺ܳһʱȻ̧ͷɨԼŮһۣžȻ˵޾ˣ


424 ڻҵΪ
ܻʺԼķ˽ģһʵ飬һ𡣳Żʵ۽δ֮ʣϴվµУȥȻ˼
ԬһҲæϣϯؿ˼
ܻʺûϴʵڻҵͶŮ֮ջѡڻҵΪء
Ҫ˵֮ʱԼһݣڵԼɵԥһ¡
ճʵۻȻҡҡͷûдӦǣɫׯص˵Ϊ˸һ֮Ǵǧ֮޼Ȼϣ͵Ϊǧ𣬶Խɽ𢣬ڻҵ𡣡
˵ؿһۣ˵ľ֮ŮҲ⣬һҪ⽨⡣
ʵջ˵ĻŮһ࣬ȴް취
ܻʺֻܼ£檲µ˴ҵҲ֪Խɽ𢡢ڻҵΪءܷȳٰ֮ǵŮ⽨ɺãǶǳ檺ϵµһ⣬Ҫͷ⽨ⲻΪĸףôŮ޸ĸں֮ض
ԬҲæϣŰ¡
Ҫ˵ʵûһ˿ȻǲܵģʷϣǱԳѸײڶ֮ƹ֮ŮΪ֮ѳȴûҪѳֻ˴߶ѡ
ʵ۴ʱĲܣܻʺŶӹؿһᣬŹĵصʺУΪá
ȻתλҲһ
ܻʺ˹ԺԼŮ£ڳʵ۸ղŵľܲ⣬Ψмʾ顣
Ů˵˳µΡ
ԼŮˣȻ᲻ԼŮᣬ˵Ů˵ᣬǶԸԼ˵
ʵۿһݣԼΪ˸δԼְҲǲеܡ
ڼžͼĬĬŮ˹ϡǵǰվһ˿ǣ
˺һᣬʵۺȻһҧӳΪ֮󣬱⽨⣻ŮҲصȥ֮ߣû˿ˡ
˵ֶ֮Լ͵޲ô޺ĻʵҲȻҪôģǵӳ綼Ҫ⽨⡣һΪǿǣⲻĺá
ʵ˵֮󣬼λϹˮһؿԼ֪ǻûףֻٽ͵֮رϾޣ֮ظհǵ⽨ȥյõһķΪǺãݵи֮ʡ
˵֮󣬳ʵһ˦ӣԼˣڵϵŮˣʱúÿԼ˵Ļ
ܻʺ࿴ĬĬ
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һûУʱܻʺΪǵĹǡ
ܻʺʲô취ڴֻгʵһ˵㡣
ʱŮˣޱȵϣԼûǰһǿơ
һͱ̫ǱߡΪŮˣһ㶼᲻ðԼ׵˷⽨ȥֻҪ̫֮ʵʩѹ˵Ч
ǵţҲǳʵ۵ĸףĸǵĸѲˡţûԼ˳ʵۡ
ʵⷽڳڿʼʵⷪҷ⽨֮£ʵʱ
˵Щĳ佫ˣЩΪڣκʱ򶼰Ͳô
˵ڷҵʱҪ䣻޻ҳѹֻҪʵ۶סӵİʣµľֻжȻĿ˷ˡ
ܻʺ˴ʱ֪֮أԼΪʺ󣬵壬÷
ǣǿĵıʹᣬοõòԺҵȾֻŮͲ˲֮ˡ
ԬһꡱһЦһ£ŮԼǾͺˡ
ǰʱԼǿ֣ڵãܻʺ˵ͲҲʱ档
תֱ˿ɥܹ鲻ԼܿƵģ˶ôð
룬ܻʺôһ˵ΪŮΣֺ˲١
Ůܻʺ󣬿¡ĶӣҽǷǶŮ
ֻܻʺЦһشҽ˵Ǹ
˵Ů˺ΰοܻʺҲʵ鲻ѵȥ鷿Ӱ֮£ӽһɻһ·ȥһڡ
ſ̧֮ͷңȻԭ⡣


425 ũҵоԺ
źһſվæӭȻϹϾվһȥ
˺ũҵоԺ˵ĴʣҪ¹֮Ÿýũ԰ЦŶӽ˵
ӽ΢е㲻˼Լֻϰ˵˵ѡ
ҪȡɶֺҪģƴЩŴˡ
ûŵֻǾũҵоԺǳ׶˾̫֡Ҫʵ̬ˣ
иڳд󲿷ֻ֪̣ͬȻں˵㣬ǸеʵĿǰҪġ
ӽһɵЦ£ԼΪ˼ԼݣֺԼ˼ŶΪֵء
ɵû˼棬֮⣬¾û֪ˡ
ˣˣҽȥӽѽƻ裬Ͷ˵
΢΢һͷ˸Ƶ˺롣
ӽҲֱӾͽȥˡȥģûѺˣֿɲʵ̬ȡ
źӭǼĶشСĵأһЩֲûˡ
һŷӣֻ䷿еƹ͸ֽ
͸ڴ󣬴ʱȥ˽гݼסˡ
ҪˣһͿˡ
վӽҲ࣬˺ڴĳ͸ܵһвŸտʼܼª˺뿴ߡ
˵ָǼĶصЩȥǷҲǡǱߣ˺Ҫȥ
ӽҡҡͷ춼ڵòˣȥɶ
ҺýȻʹˣǿӽҡͷ
Ҳ֪ڹ̫ˣֻũҵоԺŲݴȷʵǳªѶûС
ҲͲټָ֣ŷӵǱھʦܱľḻũźߡӹһԱũ㱨Ա¼Աÿһ±Ѽ¼͸¹ٹĿ
ʱǼĵط˵־͵Ƴ鿴Ǹһæǰ˵˾䡣
ǳһе͵ƶһ£æתݡ
գۼ䣬ֳˣͷĻõƵˣ߹
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⻹з磬͵һһء
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ֻ̫˺ܿҲ˵ɶ׼˵ˡ
˭֪˺ȴȥ˵һϲӦũĴ£͵Ƶӡ
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ӽüͷһ£ֻһֽ͵սᵽһۣǿ׳֮ˣܸǴ֡
ӽһ⻹࣬ЩҪ˵ˣũҵоԺЩ顣
Ŷ˺뽲ӽ˵
ҲũҵоԺԼڼֲľģôӽŻ谵صƹ⿴ʵ
΢΢һ㶣û˺ôһ⡣Ͼ͵ͷ˵Ҳˣ˺ָһ¡
ӽû˵ԼĽ飬תͷλũϲʶô
λũһæվҡͷһشǶʶ֡
ӽ˵ͷתͷ˵Աũô
ѾӽʻŪͿˣеƵػشӦòǺܶ
ӽǶˣԼλũܽţվˣҪȥҸطһ߳һô
һվ˲˺͸ȥҼŰɣ
ӽ˶Բʷ˵ķһûУӦ
츮һźӽ鷿¡
ӽ鷿Ҳͦеأ֮¹ۿ
еʧǣ鷿ͨ˼ҵ鷿޶ûеĿѧ֮ĶΨǽϹһĺ档
ʱõһߵĲ輸ߣֱ£Ů˲֮ȥ
ӽпָǽϵǸԭİ


426 ˭˭
һ˳ӽƿȥӽָǽϵҮǺһЦ˺Ҳô
ӽҡҡͷⶫ
ڵ˼ũҵоԺϣӽĽ顣
ղ˳һҲֻǿ׻˺ҡͷͶ˵˺ũҵоԺкο
ӽһջ˼ӲطҾöԸĽ
һ㶣Ӳطʲô˼
Ųر鿴Լӽ׼ĸ߼
һͰǻԿ£Щֵöܵһ
ӽ˵ſڵ˼Ͳˣ˵ĵһָֻ١
գգ۾ָʲô
ʳڣӽѽˣҿЩȫǺأûֺأʪأˮ֮Ҳûů֮ڡ
ͷӽ˵Щ󲿷пǵֻǻδʵʩ
Ͱ˼ӽ£һ˵گȫʮʡṩһЩصϡŹֵũҵоԺֲҲʡ͵ʦˣƷַḻ֮˺˵Щһһ
ãҪһ⣬ҾĿǰûתӽ˵һ顣
һæʵǺι
ˣоԺоԺΪԱΪػũΪӽһ⡣
ȻԱΪũҵоԺ¹顣Ȼػش
ˡӽϾ˶ۣ
ˣв죬ѵЩũũҵоԺ²ɣ
û뵽ǣӽ˵ĻǡǡΪܵ£ˣΪũҵоԺУũΪԱΪֱ˵ɣԱΪũġũô֣ҪʲôԱҪһһǣǵĺڹ
ӽ˵⻰ǲ˼ر飬вһ̾ȻһʱƬܸ̾Ĺġ
⻹ĩ˼ȽȽģҲǴʿΪȵĹ
ӽͽһͣž˼뿪ŵһ˵뷨ˣ˵ũҵоԺǸģȻҪũҵоΪעũɣ߲ΪҪĿģǲ
ӽͷũҵоԺĳԣȻûġ
ӽͷʾͬԼĻͽŵôԱʤػũʤ񣬻仰˵ɣ˭У
ҲûʵģشȻǼũˣʲô
ãҼо仰ָУԽԽ㡣һӣެɡũ˵ⶫҪ֦ԱĿһ֦˺ެͬôһũȥôԼľȥôӽ΢
һᣬҡҡͷᡣ
ԤһԱǼũϵĳͻʱ϶ԱΪ
ӽһƣЦŵⲻͽˡˣطҲ˵оԺУ˵ģҲ˵Աũġ
⡭˵ˣʿụ̃ʿҪũ񲻷ϳʶ
ӽһʱܲˣֿĵ˵оԺʵָУоḻũоԺһ֣ḻԱһ֡һֻҪоԺоԱ˭öҪʶ֡һ๵ͨ鿴鼮߰Լоɹɲᣬũо°빦֮Ч
ӽ¶˼飬ͳȴˣ룬ũʵ飬Ҫ¼ݰɣݣˮݣ֦Ҷ٣ž㲻ʶֵũҲܼסɼܲסడһǻܼסôб˴ͣҲܹûԼʶ֣Լ¼÷ǲǣˣũҵоԺöʶֵģЩḻũ
Цҡҡͷӽ˵˺ⲻΪϷô⾭ḻʶֵũȥҰ
ӽֱӣȤض˵ڳ׶ΣũҲûϵԵһЩʶֵǵѧͽǳɳ󲻾Ǿḻȴʶֵũôԣũ
ӽ˵棬ΪԼݵĴʶЦ
ҲЦ˺˵ũеġϡ˼ָḻ˼
Цһºҡͷشӽ˺ʶֵȥũѧͽԺһũºҵˡ
˵ʮˣǺӽǸҲģΪ߳ȥ˭ٸȥũ
ӽһɫĪˣǰǸȫ
ȻǵãһİѧӽѧأֻǵͷҡͷصȻǵãǲһһϦɵģĿǰҪѶ󡣸οˣ˭ũأ
ӽͷ֪ʲôԭܽǿũְҵǲǣ


427 ʼоԺ
ӽ˵ȻʣöȻе
ԥһᣬ̹ϵصǣ¿ɷΪʿũĸײ㣬ʿǰũΡĿǰ˵ײеĶܵʿأΪϿ͡Ҫ˵ɹ쵼ʿȴǲܵġвʿתΪ̣ԭ̵λͣȴδءũǶԲᱻʿͬȶԴҪ˵ũ쵼ʿˡ
ӽõͷȼҪõı䣬ȷʵһһϦܸıġ
ҪųоԺᣬıһܿԵİɡ
뵽࣬Ͷ˵뾩֮ǰԵʱӵİ尲˵½Ĵλһ׷ϡҲ֪ûȫоԺڡ
ӽ̸ô࣬ѻסӽҪͼԼĶ³룬һ˼һ˵˺˼оԺνоԱĴλǲǣ
ǵģ˵صĻоԺϵ׼Ͻ飬ҼоԺоԱũǹ̰ɣԴְǵõ˵أҲоķ쵼оԺоĿ
ӽؿϵ˵˺󣬼¶˼ӣֲԺ󻹿ԳʡоԺоԺȵȣÿһĴλһغõģ
вһˣһʱڣ׸ĸﲻô׵ġûѪȷ磬߶һ£ĸʱ϶Ҫܳر漰˼ĶҪ㹻ʱ䣬ھֲΧС
蹤ȼ˲ʿƽȶԴȫΧȥѶ̫󡣵оԺڣӽڵмݰյġ
оԺҪԣӽ˵ָеĻƣбͬӽ˵
ˣͷʾһºֲ¹Ϊһʼʱģ˵רʿũ֮¡ֻҪĳרܸ޴ıģ򶼿ԽоԺҲ˵ʿĳרҲԽĳоԺоԱĴ͵λ˺Σ
ӽһƣǺһЦ˹Ȼ߼
һ仰֮˳˼·ԼĿҪӸģʿũᷨоԺھû˵оΪҪĿġ˭ɹƽȶԴٸ轱
ͷǴƼһˣĻȷʵܴôģһͨˡ
ӽ˵ÿڿˣһڣȻ²ؼˣ֮ٳˮࡢˣоеȸоԺȫ淢չиҵѴǰƶôӷٲʢΣ
ӽ˵ǰһѳȶģҲе㼤
δ˵ӽ˵ˣ㿴òãǳȴֱӰ¶ˡ߳巽ôȥǱߣѼоԺҲϲһܵĴʼоԺũҵˮࡢоӻҩеȸо㿴Σ
˵ͷã¹д壬һ顣
ãǾһȥҰŶӦˣȰѿܴӽ˷ܵ˵
ȴûӽô˷ܣ뵽һ⣬üͷӽ˺ôһǮӺζ
ӽû˿ԥЦŴ˵ˣв󡣾ɹͶʺˣԺоĳɹתΪĻȡһоúˡ
еˣֱӵЩȲˣһܽдɣȸ㶨Ǳߣͷæϵ¡ǰ˵һЩϺҲͬģ¾쿪ʼ
ӽʱһҴҪظɵӣ֪ʱ˷šԼ˵ЩĶ˺Ҳȥ͵ͷͬˣȾôɡ
ӽ˵òˣǣŻؼһ顣
ճ鷿֮ʱһ£ֶԸԼ˵ǰЩûյ
һ㶣æΪ
ӽ֪Լ˳˵ˣ͸ĿڵǷҲǴӺ⴫ġżҿڳҵʱֵģʦûյô
ҡͷ˵ͷȥȡ͵ũҵоȥⷬǸöЩ
е⵽ʲôҲôģһѾΪǷ׸ˡ
գӽΪоԺ֮²ġæµ
ҲʱɶսͻһһֱƽԳֵͽ²


428 ״
峿ŸλɶȵĽݳУѲҹֵصı֮⣬󲿷˻˯С
ݳе߹ԱɶѲԬȴˡù֮󣬾ͿʼѲӳͷ
ԬͨĹٲһǸʵµģҲ˲ڵѲλϸɵúܳɫ
ôѲͷɶѲλ֮һֱÿռһ顣
Ԭôһ򾡿ڽݳѲĿڱվģҲҪϤݳǵһУͻ֮ʱΪϤӦ䡣
ݳͷֵرһϣָڵͬ۹ӡ
һѲ׷״վֱԬ
Ԭһͷʾ⣬һ΢ЦųǽѲӡ
жĿǰ״ǱȽģݳǻ£ľ˽Ƿĵ𾴣ܸо
ңյ֮󣬸ܱοɸپ£ĵǲ
Ԭ֪οɸǼɶʦȰӣԼ֮ǰҲյѵˣѺοɸٿԼĸʹá
һ㣬ȷʵ֮ǰϣӭݳǵܱ١
ʵҲõԭѾԬɶѲָֻˣᵽ˽ݳǡʹԭ˵طֶһͷ˾Ԭָӣٶٲ
ƽʱԬٿľϣٶвϻߵƵ
ΣҲǹٳˣβѱЩԬ顣ԭĵ̣󲿷ֽݳеľӽ첻ҵˣҵū͡ˣóֶθǷ
ˣԬϾٵĹְҪֱӹٵġֲƽֶ֮ȡݳǵĻȨ
ԬһһЩ飬֪˺ܳһ·̡ʱеۣվס
ǽԶ²Χķ
һ²̽ƵƵ֣ƹݳԶȥ
ԬҪɳȥЩ̽ɱν²鱨ÿٶԿн²ΪɶС
οɸٵԸȥԬȴȥ⾫ɳȥͽ²̽ɱǺܸߵġ
οɸе̫٣ʧڽݳǾһ֧õԬԸġ
ԬҪ£ٻɳҹҲǰ²̽飬ֽ²ͶĴפǰ󣬾ҲԸɳҹˡ
Ԭף²פӦǶԴһߵľķӦӦû뵽ԼɶѲһְ뵽ԼѲ赽˽ǰߡ
²ôķӦϣģû뵽²ȻԼ˶սз֮ļƻǲ
뵽ԬڶԼ˵һ
ڵ˼Ҫ²ӹɵġ
ΪĽ²Ұս̫ǿԴ㲽ΪӪƽʳ²ĵ̡
ڻǳƳһֽˮĶ˵ֲܿǣȴַǳι̡
Ԭ֮Ǹϵķ˸ǺˣϧԵһᡣ
ֲ棬ڽ²˷֮£ûа취ȥǵġ
ѡǵطǽݳǶʮĴӣԬԴ˲
Ϊ˴νݵҪߣֻҪСܹ޵ԶһǾ͵ɽǰֶһ۹ء
Ҫɣͱ޴˳ǣҪ빥Ҳͱز˳ǡԬʱڿʼ˫ԴСӶͷǳң
ιƣǵ֮ںаڽ²Ӧ֮ǰͽóǳء
ûԤϵǣΪԬĳֵ½²ĹӦʹûǵʱ䡣
ڳ͢Ҫɶߴʤ̵ĲȣԬ˽⵽ԭڳкܶ鷢͢»ϾҪɶҪֻסƼɡ
ȻҲūڹڱУһ֧ӪľӪѹ¡
뵽ԬЩ鶼ǸͻȻð˺йϵеʱǴģ˭ôӰô顣
ԬžˣòеᣬŤ²ӣſϧ֧Ӫ
Ҫʵ۹ɹˣǿɲǳȥһȦͻɻԬӪĳĿĶξжӴ򹷣ȥ޻ء
ţӪͳگԭҲǹˡҪǻڹеĻЭԼ˲گͺοɸߣҪԸոپ׶ˡ
뵽ԬΪӪ̾˿Ȼ׼Ѳӳͷ
ʱԶжԬˣöҲˡһʱ֮䣬ͷϵȫʼ򶯾ĳǶ
ҲɲóͷţǸפн²Ĵ
ԼĪһ󣬾ԬԶһ䣬ǶȽսȽֻǴ²ˣ


429 Ҳ
ʱΪԶСɽסûпѾԽԽˣȻǴ
һ£붼룬϶ǽ²ӡ
ˣԬϣߵþʾ
Ԭ֮ӹߵļͰݹһͲԶ鿴ԶĶȴ֧ĳ֡
ݳڡؼٶйɵľУһƽĺȻһһӶӵľϿӪȴԤĳǽȥ
ڽֵϻܿһЩ߼ĻǶĳǽҲʼ׼սʣֻһ£ͷвһжԵɡ
ûжʱ䣬ݳڵĸ߼ѾۼɶѲԬߡ
ַӦٶطûУҲǰ߾ӳеһصɡ
ڳͷλϣԶԬԼοɸٷ׷׽Զ۲١
¡¡ּѾˡо²ǽ²ӣģ൱
ٵԶתͷߵȥ£ڵԤ
ӦսϣֻҪԬʹָȨ
´ͷֽæµ
еתԶɽǰԶڿ󣬴һ
ӳ֧ûжοԣƴǰܡװһ֧
ٽһЩѾܿˣ֧ݳǶȷʵҺö໹ǴŹʽס
οɸٴʱȻӪ֧Ӫ
˵ԬѾʺֵĺɫ졣ΪӪȴǴΪ⡣
ֻ֧ӪƵɽǰݳǿ񱼶ֻǧˡ
СɽдĳϵƮ춯صȻǧܹġӪܼ󣬺Ӧ׷
ԶλѾܿӪʿӣοɸٺȻеĩگܲνˡ
Ԭʶگοɸôһ˵׼Ӧǡ
ʱ׷ҲѾתСɽǰˣǽ²
ַ˽²ƵĲӣɹ棬ƺƵ׷ɱӪ
һֹ׼뿪ȥѲ
ԶԬ͵ةթ
ԬһԶתͷ٣ʵкթ֮У
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һߵĺοɸϷԶ廰ةگˣ˵֧ӪǴ־ģͶ˽²
ټοɸٷԼб۾ʵҵ
ĩԸͷگήοɸٵĻ
Ͻŵкã˴ҶŶˣɲһ
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گͷӪͳگ쿪ŷҵȽǡ
һûͷκζگΪ̫죬ߵһ󺰣ظĻ
ȻûзӦگе㼱ˡڲԭϱƶߵĴ󲿶ض»н²׷گ˾ţ֮ŴӲԭ룬䲻ؽ뽨²ڣ
һ·ʧ˺ֵܶܣ·֮ǰڲԭϽɻսƷҹۣ˹
ˣֵ׷ԽԽ࣬;Ľ²ϼ׷ɱУھƨɺ治ԶַӾ׷ˡ
ͷīòگļ٣֪ͷ϶Ѿ֪Լ֧ݣϳѾˣͲԼ뻤ǺӶûпڡ
Լʲô˼گתͷ˺Ķֽ²ԽĽˡ
֮£ȫŻǺӱơҪǽݳٲŵģǵƤºͽ²һս
Ϊǲܵģȫ۵þƣߣսҲǡ²ȴ;Ĳ䣬Ӫϼ·Ϳ϶ᱻ²׷ϡ
ӪʿǺ޺޵ؿ۳ͷûӵݳˣȴŷǽȥҪڳ⡣
β׷ӪĶ򲿣ݳǵûпţ΢΢֮࣬æϳɱ⡣ǣβ湥ƽݳǡ
Ҳûȥļ֧ͨΪҶǾḻսһ۾ͻῴԼⷬõĿڡ
ۿŽ²ԽԽˣگһϣˡ󺰵ս
ű֮ӦŴ˧־ս
ӪʿҲһ𷢳ŭ𣺡ս


430 Ӫð
ʱ򣬳ͷϵĻڿʼ죬䡱಻
һʵӪʿͷԽĽ²һֱߵĿ϶ý²顣
²ʵ̫ˣĿ϶գۼֱڸǣݳ¸ǹ
ͬʱݳǵĵ֮£žһ죬˻ǺӰߣܿŷŵе㼱
źĳҲ֮򿪣ſһӶ׵ĳǹʿ䣬ɷͣеࡣ
گһȫǡ
ԼվڵűϣȶӪʿľġӪʿĿ֮£˴Ƚǣסǵ·
Ӫʿšܡ˧ڵűϣ־ʼǣжٶһ㣬ʼعǡ
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گһæӪʿ
ǧӪʿ˵಻࣬˵ֲ١ſھôҪȫҪʱ䡣
ڴһӪʿͨʱ²ڳ嵽˽ǰ
ҲҺӪǻǺӣ²ûƾ棬һ󣬾ͻ뻤Ǻڡ
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ǵӪԳһЩңе߼еͽ²ƴˣһȥһЩطĶ
گˣҡ˧죬λ󽫣ס²ȻԼҲɱȥҲֻˣܰġ
ЧͼӰģӪʿϾͲٻңʼؽǡ
Ԭڳͷòϵͷ̾ͽҲ
Ȼǹڻ
ǷɳӪǣԬ۲һϣؾӦӪǡչҪвòУ˲òگȴǶʱ䡣
һʱ֮䣬²ȺֱһƬհ״˺Ľ²ʹ޷ӪС
ͷ֧ԮúɱеӪʿѹΪ֮һᣬҲʹֵ֪ܲڻǡ
ǣӪʿ׷׷£ɱø׺ݣҪЩβĲͳͳɱ
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Ҳûк׷׿սü
ۿŻǺԽԽ٣ض۵ŸϾͿҪˡ
췢ݵش̧Щʬųͷĵʸճȥ
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ʤ˾Ԯͬ۵񣬳ͷϵԶȥĽ²ףʤ
Ӫʿڽ֮ȴ׷̯ڵأվһսǱѺĵòõһ㲻ʣûжյϢָǻ
ͷϣԬЦǺǵؿ弸֧ĲگԼ
ĩμةˡگϥأԬ
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Ұ۵Ľ㼯е˿ϣеԺҪҪƱŵϡ
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ڶһ磬ӽȥ³оӲ죬鿴ĵļ顣
ûյſڣӭһ벻ˡ
ӣôӽʵǵӦԪʱӦڶβνġ
ӦԪǴԼ·ģЦſЦôⶼҪˣӭӣ
ӽѾкüûӦԪˣɫһݣȴǳãͶ֮ǰҲһ˿ȡ
һЦȻӦԪӭȥ
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ֺ͹˰ٴ˴к£ϲ֮̾÷ּ֪дĹͰ
ӽһѵԼĹ͡ô˰ң˵Ҳһĵ飬ûж롣
飬ӦԪ¸еһ飬һţӽ˵¡
ãӦԪͰѵѴһһ˵Լ÷
ӽ˺󣬲ûиӦԪ˵취ֻǺܼʵ壬ҴֳʳûУ


432 ɼƻ
ںһвתȥϾȡ˹
ӽʳƵӦԪߣ˵㳢
ӦԪ˵ԼǳԹ͹ģӽ֣صӣ֪ܲô򵥡
ǣ򿪺ӣŲֱ˳Ȼӽȴ͡
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ӦԪԥػشóԣζãڸѡ
ӽֻʳóԲóԣԼţ༰ӦԪش̲סˣӽ÷㵹ǰ취Һ;̨Ѱɣ
ӽһЦ˵ⲻǰǽô⣿
˵һָʳ
ӦԪһ͸ˣɻӽ˵ЩԵģ
ӽЦЦټˣӦԪ͵ǣϾͽʳʳľɵṩܽİհ⡣
ԭԼˣӦԪе㲻˼ЦЦȻӽ÷Ͱƻҽһɣûͷûβܡ
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ⷽǿԣغϽŸ졣ЩҪõڶٻ㲶ķֻһ⣬ӽ˵÷򣬵ٷϴˣһʶȱ洬û١
ӽһ߽һЦ˵õģһжɹṩֻṩУܳľͳ㣬ܳĸŮ˺СɳɻƤȥǣջĻӦöɡ
ӦԪһæû⣬Ȼûˣ÷򰡣һǰ̨Ⱑ
ȿӽȻϰӽʵǹʲôʱܹȥԽԽá
ӽһ²ŻشȻˣҽͽʥϾͰ¡
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ʱӽо˹ֵĲ㣬ͽʵ۰Ѹ˽Ըͳͳ㡣ֻиЩͽ˲󵱴үģʵ£ա
һֺ꣬աӦԪһӽ˵ԼĿѡ
ӦԪ鲻ȱˣӽ㲻òģܿ͢ͻҪֻһҪǵˮʦҪ㹻ǿĴҪˡ
ӦԪһһϲϾ͸еѹôˡ
Ϊ²ˮʦ㹻ʱʵˮս֮ӦԪԼֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ʤˮӪͳ죬ûġ
ӽĿˮʦҪãҪ̡Լ½ս⺣ϵս̸ֻֽͷ˵˵ѡ
ӦԪ뵽ɫ΢ɬضӽ÷֪ҵĳˮսϤʱȵĻ»Ṽ÷
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޵£ʵۺǰĳ൱ӵģҶžʵֲҪ֤
˵ǰߣӦûʲôˮϵĵˣ˳ʺձ
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ǾˮʦҲǱȽİɡӽԴ˽ⲻ࣬ӦԪ
ӦԪʱ䲢ԴҲ˽⡣ӽòκϢŸ¬׷һ鳯ʵ
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ձڵҲǲ˽⣬ɧŻߺʹһȥռأҲҷ⽨֮ٴö
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ôһ룬סˡӦԪȥҪȥϽҳʵȥ˽˵


433 ﴫͥɽ
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΢΢һЦ⣬Ϯغֳɵʱ̫֣ʽǰձҪͷĿҪϲ֮ձԴ嵱ʱϣܿץס˶ʮӦ֮
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׼ںӭڣߴһŮ˺զҲ֪ͨ£ǿ˾ô
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ϲӵ͵ɶȹϲү»ϲˡŶϱȭص
룬룬롣ӽЦݵذŷӭ˽š
δλֱſͣò˸Ȼӭ˳
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˵ʵղЩܲףԼĻȻӽӱȽϵ͵Ҳһ˿ԺкС
ܿ죬ԺкоͲһ˿ˣǱ
ӽٴӭ⣬һȺԹûУһȺͷӺƤܹ䷹ԡ
ӽ˿ûбԹزЦŵС벻λϵĴݲŲţλ
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ˣûãʵ۾ͽگ빬


435 ֮
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ʵסӽȸܵʦǰߴŲò㴫
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ڶ²սϣ˭ûӽȡս»Ի͡Ȼأڶ²սϾоصĵλ
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ӽڿⷱûѣҪǿռϰؿٿ˼
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һû˵ֱӻּ
·ֻǽӵһͨԵĲպյĽ²ֻһȺ߹ѡ
شĸɴ䣬óʵصͷת򻧲ϵ䣬㼴ձľݣհ׸˾͵ó
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436 ׸˾
Ǽ˶ʱֻеĸо
Ȼʵۿ꼱֮һ̰ѼȺĿһ˵飬ܶơ󡢴ѲԪ԰ڴĶĴ˾ҡĴּ֮񲿻פʯ
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ΪϢͺԪֻ֪͢ھ֮սȡôݣŰ׸˾еżҿڡ˲೯͢ذ׸˾ȺСԱսͿ̿
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437 
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ϺǺһЦشںլԸ˵ү˾͹ȥ
ӽһһѵǰҪˣϾƷ׵ͷ
治ˣһޣҲܲסԼߵʱ˯ú㡣
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оԼΪٵŷңŵ˺ôõĹˡ
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Ҳ׼ס²ٸˣ˼ôһ˵ҹһЦصǰԺϢˡ
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438 
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ֻڷеӱߣŪϵһľӡ
ӽ̧ͷһϾ¶Եϲһӣ
ӽŹˣȻ첽߹ȥ˰ʵӣʲô
ȻӽϵĶ۾ȴŰоĹϷɫ𪻬۽ǴЦ⣬һʢĻ䣬ԽԽϲ
濪ʼûӽʻԼĽܵӡ
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ڵȴ̫ϢЩڣǾȻֽϷһ֧ηηŵ¶ͷҪܡ
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439 зȼ
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ѵеǵϣҲ֧ŵɳͶ֮󡣹ڻûǸͷβİá
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441 Ʊ֮
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ֲ̼ûͷ֪ԼĽֵԼתͷһȻ׳
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442 Ʊ֮
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443 ˺ĹӶ
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ӽе˵ɫϿ񲢲Ǻͬӣһ˫ְŶԵЩĹٵλˣλˣﻹһ飬֪λûģ


444 Դϲ
ӽĻһ˵˵ע֪˵Щʲô
ʵۿӽ֪Ҫ˵ǲֵˡ
Ȼӽ˵þǲֵǲݣֻ΢˱仯λˣҽɴҹͬʳһУƱšǮׯ׬ٺ»ĴǮܸеƱšǮׯʣȸΣ
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ҶԺͬΪԺƱšǮׯ֮·ΪǶܽǮΪܳ͢ܣҶԺͬ˺Ľ飬ԺľѲ롣Ժʷ꿶Ͷ֮£ϵɽ»֮١
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445 ʦҵľޱ
йس͢ĸҵֱըʽϢڴվ𽥴ǣþʦƱšǮׯϲǲΰ롣
ʱڣھʦսľĪЩˡ
Ʊŵ¼ǵȫܵӰ졣ôԼƱšǮׯᷢǱӻƲ¶ЩͷƱ˻Ƿ׷ҪǶһʹúüʵһƱšǮׯ֮ƲַӾ˸Ҫһ
ҺÿھʦƱšǮׯһʵȽǿ󣬷˾ţ֮ǿӦ˹
ʦ۶ЩƱšǮׯԽԽвҪǹŵ˵Щҹ
Ҳͼɲ˳ȥͣһЧûУʹÿ춼ڻ֮̿У쳯͢öס۵ѹǵ⡣
ˣĸҵϢΪ֮һ͢齨ʱȴ硣
ǲЩͨϰտɱȣ֪׬ǮžԱȽЩͨƱšǮׯͱȳ͢ҪˣǴڱҲķգǼ򲻻ա
οƱšǮׯҪָǰǸǮҲһڵĹ̡
ô룬ھʦЩƱšǮׯǴûҪԳ͢࿼ǵӦ⡣ΪʦۻĵıʹЩ˲ҷԡ
ΪˣһЩƱšǮׯʼ߶飬л
ʦϲּе齨˵һУǶһѡ񣬶һᷢηյС
齨е¶ƶúܿ죬Ŷܿ˺㱨ʵĽ
֮󣬴ʼٽܳ˶һ˼֮ĸҵͬʱ͢ĹʽҪоʦƱšǮׯڱﵽһ£ʼн׼ܿҵ
ĵգɾʦź͹ʵĴΪгӦ͢ߣĵذһ׼ʼС
ΪӦʦ󲿷ֵƱšǮׯ⼸쾭̣ЩƱšǮׯϲС
֮ҲΪȥƱšǮׯ룬Ǹոߵ
һʱ֮䣬һھʦгΪšʱֵĴʻ㡣
ŴΪձܷѣϢҴΪнϢ͡
Ϣ͵ȻطĴ˵ģüͣҪóд׬
ôһþʦرЩ޲ڣͬʱҲ³дȥѹ
ܷѺͿƸĽϢһֱԭʼƱšǮׯͷڱΪôһ㣬ʱһǧɣҪȥֻиˡ
˭֪ΪоȻҪϢϢøոϽвҪˡ
ʱǸо֮ǰһֱ΢ʵĹʼдڵҪԡҪɶ׷ҹϵֱӾڻʼſڿߣʼΪҵĹһҪûǵĻ·ˡ
֮մʼз涨Ϣһ䣬ͬҵԾ
ˣΪһľٶǿıʹһ־ͳ˷ͷѸٳΪҵϴ׬ǮͬʱҲðյʵݣּӵΪ͢ڰе˲١
Ȼˣһϵеһʱʵֵġ
ӽڿʼΪ²ͣʼкΪеҪ˼ÿΣ˸µĲǡ
˶ɵЩܶ໹Ǵ¹ƱšǮׯġӽĵ㲦£ԭô׬Ǯ
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ӽһƵҲˡ͵ǻ͵ΪˣԺ׬ǮĻỹѣѵȨм֪ʶԼ
һ磬ڶۺԼĻ£ӽһ˺ƺƵӪפء
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ʱ䣬ٴǧѡʿͽΪѵ¾Ķ
ӽֱӪУӪĸѵȺа⡣
ЩԭѡģӽΪļھһսȡõĳɼЩͷʱοֵǵĶͷ˾ֺһ㷴Ͳˡ
ӽǵͬ£ߵ㽫̨ϣ̨µʿ䡣


446 ʲô¾
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ӽɨһеʿ䣬еһ˿ڴͷȻʵǾԿ϶Ҫȥ²аܴӮô
ЩʿúĻ˵ҲǱˡһһȥ͵²ƴ˵Щ˶ġ
˺˵ȥ²ǾսһûˣΪһδεİǶû
һʱ֮䣬һĬû֮ǰˡ
ӽûеȵǼᶨؿ϶а̾һ䣬쵼ǰţᣬҲҪֳоġĲźá
һ쵼˵һ䣬ǾӦһ䣺֤񡣡ܲ񣬾˵ˡ
֪²ս°ܶʤ٣ԭܶ࣬ҲֵܶͷϡֻҪǴԴ²ģ義֮սһūǱھʦ³
ӽ˵죬ܼᶨ͸һɺһõʿǰλ˺սо˺˵÷ǳ
ٸղŴͷʿ̧ͷӽ͸һ˿ʤĿ
Ǵǧྫѡľţݴ˧ѵǣȻܴܽ²
ӽ˵ͣһ£ݼ̹ɱ²ĳ
֮⣬ǳݼ̹˾Ͳһˡ
ӽЩ죬˺̧սݼ̹⣬ȻǷģһֶǵ裬Ȼʵǵıֲжá
˭֪˺˵ĻǴ۾۾Ļ
ݴ˧ѵȥͽ²Ȼܴʤ̣һ١ѵǣһݴ˧ãԶԶǵʡӽ˵⻰һ㶼졣
Եأǵµʿ仹ĽǣԶš
˺ǻץūһսЩ˵֪еȡɵķݡ
Ҫ˵˺ЩˣܶࡣҪ˵ݴ˧ȣôأϾݴ˧һѴʤ˺ֻһʤѡ
ӽȻ֪ʲôҲܣȻؽĻôԣǾȱһţ²ˣݴ˧ˣǾͲôˣǾѵˣ
⻰˵ˣЩ˵ŭͬʱҲһѣѵԼò罨²ô
ÿ˶ԼܲеΪǣԼ˲ֻе˾ʧܻ߱˵ĻԻҫۣ֪ĸصĵס
ǵֱ֪ӽ˳ŭӽ
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ʱ򣬾˻ûţĿ֮£Ҳվ˵ԼС
ӽһᣬȻվ΢΢⣬˵ģǴǧྫѡĺúǽǴ¾ĵһӣ֮ǻΪԺģ
˺ô˵ֶеĴ¾ŨصĺУѵľӶһô
ǵѵǿȽܹܶ࣬η껹죬жϡ
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ÿʱ϶пҪӽ⻰Ǹˣԭ˺˵ѵǿȴܶ࣬Ȼס
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ǷģԹܱÿͻһ⣬֮գ÷
Щʿ֮ǰǾӪеӪ齨ãʿ䵽춼ˡһЩ˿۾֮ʱûзҲڶӡ
Ҫ˵ÿͶһ⣬ǾֻεʱеĴˡ˺ôһʿǾˮ
οо÷ڴЩʿоͼѵôûϵɡ
ǵľǵȵȶȫµģѵҲȫµģһжȫµġ
һЩʿﲻֹˣ˺˺ʲô¾ܲܲҪôθڣ͸װ
θӽϰߣҪ˵Щʿˣٹ٣ڻʵǰӽҲֵθڵ˵ʽ
Ǳ߽¾¾нһȫµְλɽУξΡʲô벻׵ģʲôⶼǡѵ֮࣬ʶ֡ǵսҪǵϿɣǵǨҪǵıŻЧ
ʿû˵ЩҲؿ˺ıӰﲻ룬˺˵õһ֧ʲôľӣ
¾ӽ˵ëַˣڹؼʱͣס˵ˣŵһ˫˫֪Ŀ⣬ּ˵ȥ


447 ¾
¾ĽǰѵͳͳԶʵԼ
ӽ˵⻰û֮ǰĴ󣬵Чȴ֮ǰĻԵ
Уϵˣֻʿ䣬ǽ죬ӽĻȫû˵Ļ
ʱǿĲӣڴ̵ʱ򣬳⡣
ȻȱʱҲһ
Щ˾һӽ˺Ҫ·ôɵӸˡ
ӽûסǣﵽԤЧ󣬲ֽ͵ʲôǾӵĿꡣҿԸǣԺսȱŶҲǻ¡κλʹľӣͳͳᱻӸܣ²Ҳ⡣
е˺Ҫ齨¾ԭǻӡɴĻĿõģҪʵǲܵ¡
ԵеʱٲͲͬˣ㲻ԵУըţԼը
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ʿǶϱ֪˺˵ü򵥣ʵˣҪѵС
Ҳֻܱ֤Լ͵ġһ仰˵úãƽʱսʱѪҲϣǵսԼƽʱˡǶϱˣӦò˵˰ɣ
ӽ˵֮û˻ӦǶϰŽѵӽʣѵԼղŵʾ䲻ԣ
ǣʵûУشҡ
ʿβضֲˡ
ǡ
á

ӽվ㽫̨ѵŵʿʱᵽ˺Щ̹˵һЩϻԭõģһЩΪˣҪҲõġ
ͷôҵĻӦôӽɫŭضǺ
ӽһ쭣УڶʱԵþĵģûһ˿졣ƺֹͣˣȨ˷ŭ
һ壬סһ壬һŶӡشҵĻʱ򣬱һײףǱһĴشҡײף
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סʿӽһʱ򣬾ʹĻشˡ֮󣬺Ȼоˡ
ӽͷʾˣȻ˵ãϣʱ̼ǵãһ壬һŶӡͬʱҲҪǶԼģ˵ţô
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˺ƨþеĽǲ֪شĻشǡ
ӽصͷЩ컹ϵ˵ҿ׵ظǣʱڽȱȻ̭˵ڵӪҲȻתΪӪֻڳ͢ĲޣҪϸĻ䷢˴ģľʹãĿǰ
Щһ϶¶ϲ˺˵Ҳ⣬ûйϵһϣͬʱҲһ˺Ļսǰβͬ
ǷĺˣǾӪ־Ȼ䱸úѧϰȫǻսɡȻ͹ȥͬ˭Ķ࣬Ժ˭ͻʤ̣ͷءˣҵĻ˵Ҳȥɡ
ӽ˽ɢȥطȶõľҪȵȣܶҪæ
˵㽫̨󣬿ԼĻһȦӦðͰ涼ߣСѬǣϣܳɳΪ۹һĽܳ죬ݺݵشĵˡ


448 ʽ
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ڶϵһլҲһ仹Ź⡣һöŮʱڶ飬ֻѧ
ϾͱһĹǷˣ𣺡ţͶɣϴʱˡ
̧ͷЦſոտŵӽ΢е㲻˼Ϲ˵С㡣
˵һǩеݼ̹дġʵ͡ȻŵǣͷġӪ۴ϱࡷϡ
Űߵӽαߣȥ
˭ӽһӽźݺݵһڡ
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˵ֱ꣬ӱŰվҶȥ
£ӽرţֻСӽϹϹūҷ°ɣ˿ˡ
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Сӽ˵Ϲĸֶû˯
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ףӽСһ
ӽ⣬֮󣬽Чŵ¾УԺϳеľʹʽΥ棬ȫ𷣡
С֮⣬˶ܺ˺Ҫʲôʽ񣬷׷עĿ˺
ʽʵ̫ӣʲôһҾһҾӽر𲻸ðֱӰѺľ˹¾С
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СӦһվ̨ǰӽǵ־ʾʿ俴
һο˵һ۾;ʽǳ򵥣˵ƣʡ
һһ飬˸Խһ顣̸ǣ֮˽Ž̵顣ȥɡӽ֮Լص㽫̨ţѧʽ
СĵҲܴ˿ӣСظȥ
ӽôҪСգľ֮У˳㿴˭


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ڷʱ㽫̨һˣĻ֮һ
үѧ̨£ǹߡȭӽ
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곤ѧˣ˺ʵæشүְ˵ĻֻǼڻβֻһǴתá
ڻشʱ˺ҴˣӦðõͬŵŶԡ
˭֪˺ҡҡͷ˵ҵǹҪּװĻ勵ڼװǹͷս֮ʱԵǹʹΣ
梁ǹȻǳ͵ģһ£ǹȻҲʺ率
˺ȻǵˣȻǻа취곤ѧһᣬٿ˿ͬһۣŻشӽغүְҪĥһ²С
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곤ѧڻش֮еȲӽүְܷǼǹͷ北ְϤ˲źĥ
ӽһЦڻ湻ġ
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ڽ֮ʱǹ˰ٴѺż󳵵ˣȻ㽫̨ҲµĶ
ӽڴĲ࣬Լһ˵Ľѧȥʣµһˡ
Ź˺һҲˣ㣬СİΪ⣬һֱûнꡣ
ӽ̨ע⵽ȥһˣȥﰬˡ
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һһʱڲûţԹСĽѧ׵Ĳˡ
ˣһ˵ʽܿѧˡ
С̨ʱѵ硣ĵ̫ǵͷϣðźȴһ˿һصȴӽۡ
ӽĸͷ佱ǶԺҪǵ򶨹ѧѧ۲죬ҳһʺϵķΣȽ̻ǵĶӳöӳ̶ԱԼԶٶȾͿ졣
ղŻһֱأӽôһ䣬ɫ΢죬΢е㲻˼ˡ
СһۣУȻһشӽǡ
ӽߵ̨ǰ̨µ¾ʿ䣬˵֪Ӧôô
һЩϷӦָ̧ӽʿһҲæž
ӽҲֻ̧һ񣬵ʿǶֺ󣬲żÿ˷ʽһ֬촩֮á
ʿһ·鲻Խ¶Цݡ
Ҫ֪ǻǱ߾ʱһ׾ǲֲʮôһ׵ĶС˾ӪǻװˣҲֻһףԺʲôʱٷ֪
ڵãյ¾Ӫ˺һ¾ͷлзġϲ⣬׷쵽
˭֪ÿʱɵˣ


450 ĩҩ
ڵ㽫̨²ͣŵĴϣŵĲ֮󣬿һѻ̵زϣûΪĺɫԧս
ʽҲôɣÿ¾ʿӿһŹֵͷԼڵ֧¾Ǵδйˡ
ӽȻ֪ЩʱķӦˣΪ֮ǰҪ־ʱѾַӦˡ
Ҫʹ־Ǽ򵥵Ϊ˱졣ӽǲر飬˽ʱ;֮ʵŰѺġ
Ŵľ˵ʱľѡñȽĿɫʹúɫĽ϶ࡣʹʶĺɫԧսһӡڸѪԼٱʿ˶Ŀֻš
ӽҪ¾һ֧ľӣ׼ľӡűͲһҪͣսλҪҲӦҪһЩ
һӽ¾ҪǾս㷢սҲ׷սСôһþڸѪþԵòͻˡ
һԭ򣬾Ǻ֪ˣǾαװ
㲻Сʷճ־ǾѪĽѵƹ㿪ȻǷǳõġ
ӽ̨ʿǾر飬˵ÿ˽ȡһ֧北ҪֻҪϤ北掠ǹһϤͷλѧڡ
˵ָָڵ㽫̨ϵλѧڣ˵ǽ諒ս֮ҪѧõӪ
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ΣǶ벻ͨ˾ʲô⡣ΨһԼܽ͵ǣ˺˾ٶ⡣
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һǽȻʯûʵĵˮܽ⣬еɳȿʳ޳
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451 ϧ˻ҩ
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ĲǽȥĴм󣬴淺ĭ󣬷ȴȥϵĻĭʣȡҡȥԵĴǡ
ܵҩ˾˾ָ׼õĴǸӽһֳɫ״ᾧ塣
ӽõͷ治С˵Ĵ
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ҩ˾˾˵Գׯ֮ɫӽ˵עڵУϽɳʯУ֡
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452 
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ڽܵĹУҲ񿴳ӽһЩ֪о΢Щ⣬þ͸ĭˣźۼһԽС
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ӽһаԱһѣ㵹ǰ梁ͷɻĹһԡ
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ӽ˵֮󣬿ŷȴѱһſؿԼ
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453 ɻ
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ⶫѶȻ治󣬹ؼ벻ͷԾԾԵĸо
ӽ˵֮󣬽֪ϵоݷǹˡҪǸ֮ǰоԺڻʷϣᱻŨŨдһʣݷǹѻǹͲ׸ıսķʽ
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ԾԾԵĸоӽôһ˵ϾͱøǼɴˡ
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ӽֵһָͬʱ˵һ̵̵Ľ֣״̴²׼ױĿ׾ˡ
ͷ֪ĵ˾ǽ²˺齨¾ҲԽ²ΪеģҪҲ⡣
ӽһָڶ̵ܷжáһܵĻףƽʱ˵Լˡ
ڶ㵹ףͷүģ̵֮ףۼҽȥͿˡ
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үӢ̬֮ǰʱǲҵӽӽԵس޵
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Ϊʲô϶׽أӽһʵ
ʵһ㶣׽Ǿˣôһô北
ӽû׵ӣֻðѻ˵׵㿴ΪʲôĲһֱ츲סأ
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ʵò࣬ɻĸ掠ѾͺһԭˡֻǺõе׻ڵһ率
ôһǣɻȻȺĴҪء
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ʣ˵˵򵥣вټġ若Ӻƽȥƽ⣬ŵھҪһͺܿըˡ
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ӽô˵վֵ˾Ͱзˣղ˵Щܾʵʲôģ򹤲ȥҪֲ㣬оḻĽ˲㣬áһҪ
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ӽ߳̾ʱɫѺڣֻ̾˿ʱǲðһգˣǱ߾ֻȥˡ


454 Ӹ
ҹӽ㰲Сʶ֡ԼһЩɰ¼һֱæҹ
ڶһ磬ӽǰš
ûûţ·Ͼͱּ¹ٸ׷ˣǰĻ
ʵӦ֪⼸¾Ѿȫ̿ˣԼæýŲմأôһگԼд顣
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ĹǸнʿ˵ȵȣָܸӦԣйٸͨټÿʸ񣻶Ը繱״ģܰ¼ȡ
һ仰ֻҪ˸磬ͱȱ˸׵õʸ񣬶ҿϵļʼֻҪԸ繱״ģС
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ԭʷϣΪʵ۷˳ֶ֮ʿȻҲйٻ¼ͥˣƺƴĸϢ
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еĲֳʣ޼ˣôˣ˵ԼȻеֵʵ
Ҳǣˡ
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˶㱨ò֮˵ʳη棬ǰ˽κǱϾǳֹ͢ģ˲ĿŵغǶ
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ǲ󣬳͹׻߳һϾǮׯҪͨĻ漰ܶ෽Ƚϲ㣬ҸĺôǸЩʵͬˡ
ڵһ˵󣬶⶯ɻв⣬ʳδ
͹۹Ͼ͸Щʵһһظ⡣
Ǹ˵֮ˣƾ粻֮࣬հѴڵͬ˵Ѫڣ·ѾǮׯϹǮơ
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ƢȽϱش̵ͷˣ̫͢ˣǿ̣벻̡ˣǮׯ¶ûǰɣ
һֵ֣Թ͢ԼжǮ¶ҪǽǮûšǲһΣɳ͢ԺӾûˡ
ԣó͢ôɡ
ԣó֪͢ǵ
ôʱĹ˱۸˾͸÷Źȥҧһڡ

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ЩµʱֻǱ͹ѹȥ
Ȼջ׬ǮģгԶʳôбһ
ڳ˵ǣҪһƵ·ӡȴδйֱҵǷƵ·ϣһ¾ͰĵԭŵǹԹ˳
͹׵ɫҲÿҲǺǵģɱҪҲ᲼ߡ
͹׶һ£˶Էеľ㻥ͷ


456 ҵĹ۲
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ˣЦ֮Ļȴ֮ľ롣οЩ˶ũе䣬ȻҲǵͽһ͸¬ıӪС
Ƥһʤһȵǻ˹ʼͬ
ڵݵʱΪԼţͬǸة˴²磬˶бȽǿҵԱ¬ְǱΪһ죬ʹǶôͱ˽
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Щ֪սڼʼ̬ӭս¡ǿսϣȡսıǵˡ
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⶯²ǻʲôҪ鱨ةԴӣֱȥ
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˼κһطҹշرš
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ڽ²ΧڣǧһʼֻǻУսиӦḶ́һԭ򣬿ͣҹ۷֪϶ڽһʵ顣
һ·ϣҿĵ̣ӲݴܿһЩطй˾סĺۼֻʣ˲бڶԫ
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ҵľܺãҹδ˯ʱҹճоûɵ˷϶дĿꡣ
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˺ĴӦԪǰЩʱ򣬸˵С˺ΪֶϢǸпĸС治֪ϱӻ˶ٸȻһ졣
ԼݵͼһҪŬУԺ󶼲üĸСӡžԺ˯ˡ
ڶ˾ͱѣ΢˵Ϳʼˡ
ҴӾԽԽٶƶϣ˷ǰʼٿ׼һɱǰһ·ˡ
̤һʧ޵Ĺٵϣ׼ս´ȫʼʣӱս
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¬ͨԶ۲һ󣬾һֵɱ
һȳ˹ȥҵΪ֮һõѲսѾǼˣû뵽ȳɱҵĴ̼ʵС
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²Ӧûһ·Ϊ⣬Ǵ˵дôɶӶڳﲻҳȥĽ²
ӽ²жƶϣҲ²⽨²ͷĿӦǹƴӦΪԭЩڵʿ䣬ӭ뷴档
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ҿ΢ͷӭҵġ¬ִ죬ŹƾƣͱƵý²ֻŽˡ
뵽кȻӿһԺУѲЧҡ
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ӪһҪǱةҴظ¬ĺ档
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Χӱ¬ɱһȱںȱڴӿ˽ȥ
ʼԽͣסŲ¬򳵶Ľ²ͳʲɱȥ
ҵͻ¬࣬طԼӭΪͷǰĽ²ɱų˾ǺĲ档
ʱҷֽ²ʵҲͨˣôĹʱֻһСĿɱҲ¶п־壬ĵֿš
ܣڳΧվȽŸ󣬾ͷ˽ٶȣ˵ط͸ӭ档ʱлٴι۲ة
¬Ѿɱ²ȥˣ򣬺ǳŽ²ȥ
Ҳҵæȣ׷ȥ
һ·ϣвٳʲϡʱ˭ҲûȥǣЩڵֿĽ²ͳʲɱȥ
ս³˲ʱͽˣĨһϵĺǰ治Զ·ɱһѪܵ¬ʱһ¶δġ
źǣջǱ²ֵķһ֡
˵뽨²פڵķ˳ǲԶҷǳźִ¬ŻЩ󳵡
Щȫʳûߡ϶Ҳ²ֻ¡ҪЩ²ûߵĻ˵ûܰЩʳ˵Ѽ̽ߣͳĴߡ
򵥵شɨսͶĳʲˣͿ뿪սʧʡ


458 ¬֮
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ԭ̫ڷĳ̵֮£Щ˶ջʢĻᣬͬ˷ĳ̵Ľ顣
ƣ񡢱̡ɻ̫Ż߶Ի̫׽Ὠ²ͷĿΡ
̫ŷµģĿǰΪֹҲçŶ̩һˡçŶ̩ӳʻ󷴶ԣľѳֻۣǶ˶ͬ⣬çŶ̩Զûá
²뼯Ȩڷĳ̵Ľ£Խؼе˻̫С
ڵڵ̫˵˸⣬Ͷ˼ţôһ顣
Ƕ֪ظǱߵĴһģǾǲҪʲôУÿƶ˾ʵû취ص㡣
˶֮һļö̫󺹣ҪֱӾ͸֪ݣʳ֧ǰѽݴ
Ҫ½ݲһʱ飬һҪϾԶɽطԮݵôǽ߳ǼĽݳҲһѵ㡣
һһ̣ҪԴԴϵʳʹȥ
սڼ䣬ĵʳƽʱļȱôĻʳֻȱø½Ҳܲ
ǻ̫ǽս²Ҫԭ򣬵Ȼˣݳ̫̣ôɹ˵ȥǲġ
̫ѰǿƶľӿԼĿˣ֮ǰϮƶߴĹ̺쳤ЦԼձɹˡ
öʵĽ飬붼û룬ֱҡҡͷ˷ףƶ֪ʳ˾ȣδձǵʱ򣬻вҪ鷳
ĳ˵ͷ̫ͬ˵Ҳһ飬ֻǸղһֱڵȱ˵Լ̫ͻЩŮļʡ
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̫һеͶԷĳ˵еŽ
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ڰŷӡ
󣬻Ƿĳ̿ˣӣͬʱ֪ݣڵһߵַ߾˲òؽݵı
һ˶հ̩ˣδȻ̫ش𣬾ֱӷ񶨷ĳ̵ؽһߣֻжս˭֪Դë󣬵ѲǡҪҴ˵Ҫؽݱֻɣʵ
̩˵ҲеһߵҪȥʱҲƵɹŹˡ
ְһʱû취̫˶ûӦˣҪô졣
ôƷֱҴ˽¹ͨһѹˣҲǲͬ⣬ʹЩֱֶձǡ
̫׼֮ʱǰ͵˵һߵɧŴ߾
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ڵֻ֪ɧţһ˺ЦŻñŵȥ
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̫õվʧɫʲô˵һ顣
ڵҲһݵؿʹϢ̫ˡ
ʹֻ˵һ飬ֲӵļ汻նɱδӳ
̩ϢٴʿҰսжǧɱģοһǧĳʲôܰܵôҡ
̫֪ʹƭˣе㾪ʵδϮ
ش󺹣ǧͻϮΪһ¬֡
ڵĽ²ͺǵԺУһ֮ǰŹֱӵ±
ܿģ²ʹ̱ݣҪƵ˻ʦ̽ϸʼ̽ʵ


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ʱӽԽԽ˵Щˣֻ˼һЩԶռƶѡ
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ӽתͷһ߿ǰ·һ˵ͷһ˸һʿ䣬˭úã֮ףҲΪܼһΪܼڽеĹְӦǺúŬɣ
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ӽƿԣ̲סЦҸﲻͳԷǿѧŵ㡣


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ӽһŽȥЦ˵棬ô㣬ҵ鷿һҪ㱨ˡͷˮಣӳרһʵõķӣʵ顣
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ӽװ˼Լæڳ͢飬ǹ˵ùˡ
ЦŵģдʵҵĽҪȥ⣬֣¶ΪҪѧΪô
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ӽֱӰѰ˻ض˵ץСƻҪ¡һЩֵ¾ͽȥ㸺۲죬¼ܽᡣֻŲ̫ʱ䣬ȾͻȽϿ졣
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һУξ뵽һ⣬ӽʾүλߣºʱл̣
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Լں󣬸оȣ˵ԽԽˡ
˰ٴǺһЦشү۳ž͵ȵļˡ
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ʵĴͨ磬Ҳģֻմ˲Żȶѡ
ӽôһ룬ȻԼǰϿĳԽʱ򣬺񿴵
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ԼͷԴҲǿԵġǣȶʻһЩģù˰ٴȥ
ȴõȴóǾӪƹŵģһЩ¾͵һǡ
СӽæЩе棬Сİ̲סʵ常Ҫ
ӽԴЦŵóԵġ
ôһ˵ʱĻǺóԵģ
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ԺӽʵڿȥˣŤͷߡ
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462 ɰ
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463 Т֮С
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һֱ˶ʭ⣬ʳ˵ľѪ˲жﲻ˷ѵϰߡ
ӽʭӵĲʹʿе㲻ˡ
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ӽⷬһ·˵ʿѹͲţᳰЦԷϹ
⻰˺֮ڣĵλһЩ˵ʹ˵ЩȨԣʿ䲻òš
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465 ۱
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˺ôΧΪսʿãճʵԻҪţ޴ӲοˣʲŲòʾ
ʵһӽһۣһȻҪͲ̫СˡƽʱܰռݣشȥΪĽʿ
ӽõͷðɶǿˣòƺǵɶˡ
˭֪ʵ۵Ļ䣬ʺ͢뷴ԣ£򲻿ɡ
ʵ۵ɫһ˵صкβɣ
ʺ͢࿴ʻشԾ̫֮Ǵ߹ʽҲͬǰӢü죬ǰӢú̫ͬôȵۺѫԿ
ӽʵɣ˵׻ߵ⡣ǲԽӢã԰ӢðθߵʹʵۡԪѫͬĴ
һϣǿЩ˵뷨ԼҪǺʲôƽȵĻǾԼԲˡ
ʵҲһʱûôдһ˵Ѻһ˾񲿸¿ɺã
ӢüȻǳ͢潨ģҲ̫ͣҲҪ̫ĹУʵ˵񲿳һȽϺʵзӡ
ǩڳʵ֮ǰǿӢҪԸ˵ʱ㲻磬ôˡ
û뵽ǣִеʱ
ܶĳ罨űؾ֮ӰʳϣӰžеĹҴȵɣհýһǡ
ЩĳҲû뵽ǣõʢÿİնŶӡ
Ϊӽ飬ҲΪĩʱڣΪʵ۵ľ־򣬳һӢҵá
õĳ֣ش̼˴ӵĸս֮ġУԽԽΪǿʢΪʿͽȲ̫˵ԽӢã֮
ӽ֮⣬˶û뵽ǣӢڼջǺʹ̫ϲˡȻǺˡ


467 ս
ӽԼĽ鱻ʵ۲ɣȥһ󼤶
˺һƽ飬Գʵ£֮ǰѲ֧ԮǰߡڼȻ²˻ȥһսĿѴﵽ²ȥȻӵһߵѹѲŵβãһϤѵӵḶ́ǰȥ֪ͨ£ƽ²ʧء
ʵ۵ͷʦ˵е¬ȥȷʵûã֮ǰּҲֻϣɧܱ˽ݵĽ²ѣѾĿģȻûҪȥˡ
ǣͻشӽʦࡣ
ʵ۸Ҫּ֮ʱִݱնɱ²İʮս²
Ļڵļ˶ˣɵһ¶һϲ
͢ʵ£˱Ȼǵѽ²ˡ
ʵЦŵͷ˵ӦöѲ³ˡ
ݵʹߺܿͽĻڵʵٴαݡ
һѵȺһߣȡݱ׸ʵۡ
ӽԼ͢ųʵڿݱս¬յûãȻһʤ̣⡣
͢ŵźȻֿʼ֮ǰʱ򣬵Ѳ˵Ҫ볯սǰѳ˵ͷ­²˰ɣ
ע۲ʵ۵ɫʱԼ뷨ֲΪʵϵϲԽԽŨ춼ҪЦѿˡ
ȻʵۡžһһϣԿԼӽ˵ʦƼ¬ˮ¹صʱܻū޻ڵȡһʤ˳֮͢Ҳ
ʵô¬˾͸뿴սˡ
ӽõת͹£ϾͿһ߿һߵͷ
ԭ¬յõεĻ㱨ԭǴʾǰʾڣӵĳΪ򵼣׼ݺݵظĴĽ²һ
ûյƤĵҹгӵƤȥһϢ˵ǽ²ڳʳװ˺ܶ󳵣ճɶ
¬ԭƶϳɶ²ȱôһϢôŹ
ݵıֻٽ²һǧʲ󣬱㵱ϣʾı
һɳȥɧԻ²һӺ·ǰȥ׷Ͻ²
ɳҹ쵽²ӵټ¬;һ򾡡
һսֻٽ²ѣһǧʲ²ڡ
ڶܰʳڰ·˻ý²ȱܽʳ⣬ôȡ
ˣ¬һӦԪ촬Ѽ̽ϽӦһֺԼٵʱ߰оȫߡֻʱʳ˵Ѽ̽ߡ
Ϊˣ¬ϧֱ׷²ӡ
Ȼ׷ϵĵط뽨²פڵķ˳ǽ˵㣬ô׷ˡ
սսپ׷Ͻ²ܲɴ¬е㵣ġ
ΪеһıӪ󲿷֮ǰȥʦ׳Ȼˮ¹һս־һʱѵ׷սϾǰһԵĽ²ҲϴƣҹܵĽ²ɱȡ
ʣµǹȻװҰԽ²սʵ̫ھ֮սлƣĽ²仨ˮ
Ϊ˴ﵽԤĿ꣬¬Χ²Ӻزý²һ
ԼԳ²翹˺²ȱڡ
Ҳˣ׷Уɱʱ򣬶ڵһߡ
ȴǹһ񣬴ֵķϱʮ²
˳ǵĽ²ڵõϢ󣬿϶ˡ֮ǰѾľ˴յʳͽ·ĻܾѼ̽ˡ
ҪʳҪ֧ѡ£¬ѡ
ӦԪĴ뿪ʱ²׷ˣֻܸɵ˶ѡ
¬սͳʿΥΪɣĸΪνԭְ
Ҳϱһ˴սԱкȻжŵũ졣ΪͻɱĽ²ࡣ
ӽҲ£һߴ͢һ̾ǿϧЩʳ
׸ϲĲĲ٣ԸصʳҲиôʳҪǱ¬ɹػĻٵʳڶʱھͲòˡ
ʵ۸ղֻŸˣôһ̾Ҳһ˵׼֮ڸ̣ͬйʿ۹ͣ͵ѲзһöƷٿնࡣ
֪ʵΪս¬ȨԱڽҲ
ӽųʵ۴飬ŵһ£֮ǰ顣
Ȼֶһ⣬ʵ£õ׼ʦӪ׷һ𣬸Щɹ˶һΣ
ãʦ֮ôɡ
ǣļ죬ʦΪæµڶҪźãԱй·˳չ


468 Ӫ
ӪܿʹˣЩɹֵ֮ľʦΪֳ֮ƿ졣
ʦ¥ź˲٣Ϊܶնȥȸףһ£ͬʱҲΪӪܰȻˡ
йӪսԭĹһһñرǧߵܴĹ£ܻӭ
ʲôǧߵ˵ˣ⣬ĵǵһ֧˼
ʲô㲻֪ûϵϾ˻Դ˭
ЩУݱôܾʦչע
ʦնӪһ죬׼ǰȥһհӪʿķɡ
ô˼żҿڷɹʹȵˡ
ǵĵ͢ϱֳ˻ӭ̬ƣдԶΪףӲľΪʹš
ʵ۲ûһʱͽӼǣǰЩʹɴ¹ԱͬķǶԻеСʦۡ
Щɹ˶Ӫ֮±Ⱦʦ֪֧ɹŶԭ췭ظӪе㾴ηȴԾ
ǷԵȻնɱ²İٶлһһ·Ծ١
ǵ²սһֱµġûڴԽ²ʤһһԽԽȡöԽ²ʤǵоֶһݶԴľηͬʱҲΪԼѡվڴһ߶еҡ
ôӪڿؾˡ
һ磬ʦİվӪĴ֣ռһλãհӢ۹
磬ˣȻʹͨġ׳Ľݶ˵
ûΰûģȻǰһ߻صܣǶӢۣǺúɩǱ˸𡣡
˵ӺȻпתͷԼܣ̾˿ϧ˶û⸱壬򶨵Ӫһǰȥ𡣡
׳һ㶣ûպͬ˵ôĻ
۾е뿪ϣ׼ӭӪȺ
Щһ¶羴ڴ񣬿ӪʿҪֵķкȻֵ̼Ļĸ̫С
׼ɱһô

׳ţãС
Ȼһ·ɱһ߻ţӪˣӢۿˡ
ȺʱһɧңȶӪʿķɡǱ˾ı伫ά򣬲ûҡ
ǧΣ˿Ķ顣
ֻǰӪģһ˺ɫסѪɫֵĴӭչǰ档
һһ˵е˶֪˾Ǵ²ס
Ⱥʱɧң伫ס岻ǰֻøйеķŭ
ĺ棬һŵӪʿֻϵսɣȴһӣͦӦõ
ֻǵ˫ֲûһӣǰλã·úһ⿭ܰռеӭ
磬Ǻʲô׳ʵ
ûžǰӪʿȻʤ
ϵԱӪʿĸ飬ȻôһʱҲһʤ
أ쳹ʦʤ
گҰʱﵽ˶㡣
ɺܿ죬Ƿ˲ԣرЩȥӪʿеİա
ôô࣡һȻʧǺѵսʿĹǻң
Ҳв³ʲôһʱ֮䣬ζӡ
Ӫʿ϶սģǺɣսܶˣйƵġ
ɵսʿĹǻҳǰʱȴָеԽܣǸеӪʿľȻѵá
ӪʿĻһ֧ӣŵţǵսնɱĽ²׼
ʦյĶӪʿϣº֧ӡ
ʵҲܹ־ʦİգΪʱѾǧ²׼ˡ
εսǷھ֮սʤ֮ǰһնİٶ潨²׼;Իʦյĺ䶯
Ӫʿûþ͵ţ׷¡
ʵ۾Ŵĳǽϣһۿɹʹߡ
׼ٵʱ̲黹˶ܵһȥԹۣ֤
ЩɹҲͿһһϢɣѣȥ²׼ûһǼٵġ
ǵľηĿ£ʵۼ׷̣дɣ̣Ӫʿչӽ¡
֮ɹʹ߷һʾӵΰĴɶǴɷָһ֣ǿִ֧ûԼбҪʾϣܺʹŻеԸ
һкӽݵĸ߳ϷҪˡ


469 
磬׳ɤе䳳˴ʳͣȴҲøƿ˵ֵֿ̼ܵڡ
Ҵߵ£׳ոϵľѣ԰ӵǰæףܴñ
˵һ죬ͷһһ˱оơ
Ӹмһ¾֮󣬸̾˵ֻǿϧ˺öӪʿ͵⣬Ƕ֪ȥģ
̼һֵʵôû˵ôŴڽǴˮþǹӪʿģҪĻȥǱǡ
ʲô磬Ե棿һץס̼ϵʵ
ǰ涼ˡŶˣǲʶ֣ҲӦöȥߣϢҪ⴫ˣѲʵϢˡְ̼ڳȰλܵ
׳һǲһᣬȻʵ磬ЩɶϢ
ּ̼˼ڲˣԵ΢е㼱𣬾ڴ˺¾һ֧ϡŹ·ĺо˵˺˺ͷ
д˵е˺İԣ׳Ȥܸߣæ
ֺ̼е㼱ֻǼԵذǰ˵¡
׳һԼѾüûдͷˣʱоͷƤе
ʭܴߣоӿͷ໨Ǯȥͷѧѧ˺
ӵעʵⲻǳ͢Ͻ°ɣɶǳ͢Ͻã
ֿ̼˰һۣЦŵҪ¾Ǹ⼸æˡ
˵꣬Ӽ˿ڲ˳ԣеԼ׳Թˣ磬θڰôųԸɶ˵˵
ֲ̼ؿ׳ֳ˼ڲˣŷ¿ӵҪǹϲ¶ܣҾͲˡһ͵øϻȥ㶫һȥ¡
׳һ󣬲Ÿ˵͢ĵ·ųˣʵִ̼󻧶ϯĴᣬ̸ˮ·¡
·ŵ£֮ǰʹ˷һֱѲٳûгû뵽⼸ڳˡ
һдˮ·ˮ·˶Ϊעæʾ
û̼ҡҡͷδ֪ҪϯԱ۱ﵽǵҪſԡҲΪҶҾһˡ
Ϊʲô׳ʵ
ֿ̼һۣһҵԭżԽߣԽ٣Խߣһ̻
׳ˣ¶Ľ֮ɫ˰һۣȻֵ̼磬֮ǰ˵СܵĸֵͣǷСȥ棿
ûִ̼𻰣ӳѵ׳ܣôΪѣ㶫ȥġ
ֳ̼׳ЦЦܣǸˣ
׳ڨڨһЦе㲻˼æصС³çˣĪ֣
ֳ̼ڰֵ޷Լˡ
ɫȻ˵ʱˣøϻȥŶҡȸˣ
׳Ŵʧڰڶһ࣬в룺ҪͷأҪһ֣ÿԼֻԼʲôأ
תͷ۰ӣֲ˾䣺ѵֻƾô
ӵ뷨ȴͬΪʲôԽǮľԽ׬Ǯôż¶֣ԺǮԽǮûǮԶûǮ
뷨˵£ûȴΧʳ͵ĹҲ
ӻȻû뵽ԼһʱĲƽ֮ȴӽץס˻ᣬһ˴
½ĿʼкʻϾʦˮ·ǰ
Щ˻ʶŹԷͿشк̽οϢ
ӽڱģֻǰԸȥû˵ʲôҲ޴Ӵ
ʱѱ³ĵ·ã˵ȶ˵·ŵԱά򣬿ҺӦǰͰӦλϡ
ֵ̼ûʸˣվϣڸ֡
ֻϺϴûɶ仯ֻ̨һܴľ壬߿Խľǽ˰ɣź첼첼ʲô
ľһһϸϵλˮ·ֲ̼²첼ܿǵͼ
ӽҲڶ¥͸̨µȺ
ߣ˶û˵˵֮ǰ۹
ھ͵Լʱˣס
Ϊ·ǹһ˾ǵ·ųĵһ֯ӣԭǵ·˾˾ĻҲ˳͢ӡ
Ȼ£ڵȺֹͣ˽ͷӶ̨ϣڴŵʲôյ׽
ʱλվ忴ӽ֣¥ˡ


470 շѵˮ·
۵һھͺ䶯ˡڳû뵽鼶ĸ߹ٳ֣æվ
΢ЦŵϣȻʼĿףپͿżɽ˵ɣΪ޽ʦżҿڵˮ·֮¡
˵˵ľǽࡣһߵԱһæǸϸͬʱһһߵԱȥҿǿ첼
̼ǸľϹȻǹһŵͼΪͼ޴ôԶľ룬ܿһžʦֱĵͼһĴߣžʦżҿڡ
ϸָ֣żҿλãȻ˵͢żҿڣ׼ſɹŵĻСеս֮⣬κζżҿڻС
Ļ䣬ھһƬ̨Щ֪͢ҪУû뵽ģȻô
ǰɹʹŵĹҲ˵ڴɹŶżҿڵĻСô˵żҿڵ̻޵ģԤкܶ˶ȥԽ
һ̨˵гֺ֧͢ɹŵӦԤżҿڱеķָտɴ׹ģһ·֮ƿ֡
ڳЩ˻䶫Ҷмʶˣ˵Ҳǰżҿ·ϵԵĵ·֮ƿʵڵġ
λов˻˻ȥżҿڣٷɹŵزؾʦɣ⳵ģ˵֮أ̨µЩ˵
ˮ·̨һѿڶѴ˴λ˳
ԣ͢Ϊǰżҿó׵·⣬ˮ޾ʦżҿ֮·
˵ϸָŵͼ·ͼȻ˵ˮ·ĺôͲرٶ˵˰ɣʱӦйᡣ
̨µڶһͷˮ·겻ŢҳٶȻ첻٣ʡٺܶ࣬νôࡣ
֪ĺܶھ֮ضвҵ⣬²Ű֮ʱʧء˳Ŵ˴λһôҶ׬һʣ˰ˮದ˳·
Ļһ䣬һƬˡû뵽ϾȻôãʧءҲûˮ·ô׬Ǯ
΢£̨»ǰϸľǽ
ڿ̨¶˵˵꣬Ǿ֪׬Ǯˡ
ôһ˵̨¶ʱøˣƨ˶ʹƨҷʹԼ׬Ǯ֮
⾩ʦżҿڵ·͢޽ȡĹ·ԲʵİգǮΪֹ
̨нͷӶƣ˵ȻǲҲûϵ޽ˮ·Ǯɹ͢Ҳ޵ģշվɡ
˵̨µһȦ˵ٸλһӵʱ䣬κⶼʡ
һߵԱ׼һ߰Ӻӣ£ˮź
Ȼǹ飬¹׬Ǯƣ˴ŵˣʴˣ⳯͢·Ҫչ֮Ǯǰδ֮£Ƿ׵
һرЩ׼żҿˣнкá
ϵ˻дһʣ̧ͷüëһʵǰ֮·ˮ·λҪ֣Ҳԡϣԭ֮·һߡɹ½һˮ·Щû̼
Щ֮ǰ˵ÿǮĶˣ˵Ҫɹǻ˵ãԲǰ֮˵ˮǳ͢ר֮аװĵ
ʶƵһʧĻᣬ㲻ҪҪ
ǳ͢˵;֮࣬˽أ

ǰ˱Щ˵ðͷ˿ȥ̧
ûԼôһʣ˲ʶ̧٣һմ͢˵ļˣҪù鿴Ժûڴˡ
̨Ͽˣвɰ˺еעЩ˲һ顣
Ųˣ̧ͷʾվһߵ˾ǡ
˾һɤŵྲᡣ
϶вٵģ˾ôһѣֻһʱ䣬ϾˣǮô
ϵ͵ͷ˵·Ż·ķãֳɷݣȹɡպ㣬׷ӷʹ˹֮
ˣǮǷõ·ϣҵ֪֮һΪʱޣһҧΪΪҪ⡣
Ҳ̨ʵ̻ĵģΣ͢ǮƷķѣӹɵʵ
ôֱӵʹе̶̨в˰Ϊʵ˰Ѻ


471 ȫ
ϵǣһ㶼ûȻ΢ЦŻش·ƹǮƺ·Լطٸʩ͢ʷѲ飬ʷҲɴʷˡ
ӽģ׼ڸͬ⡣׼Ļ»˵᲻΢ЦŻشˡ
̨µһĻشûôһԳ·׬Ǯһʱ
һ˸ղ˵ʻΪʱҪˣһһˣ·ɱιģȡĶ٣ôΪβȡ·˵ķãҵջرշֽΣ
ɱ̫ߣôǮٶȱȻ䳤˵ʽٻҲεġ
ȡ࣬ôԼǰżҿڻеĻɱ͸ߣоͻ·õ
ȡ·˵ķãô˵Ȼܼٲ֧Ҳ̵ջǮʱɱڴġ
һֱֲ䣬ô·õֽ»ȥ
̨Щ̻۵ˣ׬ǮŵȽʳ⣬˵ҪҲע
Ųæ˿ڲ裬۽ǷɿƳ¶¥ӽڵǴ
֪Ϊӽ϶̨Щ˻ʳЩ⣬ȵѾһһ˴𰸡
ˮ·ĳɱˮ档ʱͬգ֮صİҲһڽ²Уشʧ˻ڱ·У·ܳԱ֮⣬һǮ⣬ɾиıĽʿһ㡣һ۵Ǯ
²豭󣬴ݲȵý̨Լ˵һֹӣ֪˵ʲôͼͨջ̻ǻϵĳ񣬻ȻҪһ֮˲ȻҲøͨһ㲹ǷģϿǵ·ɱܻߣʥּùԼļ۸ṩ·õˮࡣ
̨µ̻һʵ͵ˮǮȥЩ·⵹ࡣ΢ͷʾͬ⣬һĽ
ǵ̬ת䶼ÿɷ񣬼һˮ·շѵĿǣҪǶˮ·𺦳̶ȶԡ·ߣˮ·Ӱ졣ͬر˻ĳʮ·˵ˮ·ټ̣쳤վܹ֮黹ǻᱻѹ˲˶Գշѣ·ѵȡʽ
̨ͣ˵⣬ؼշѼǮΣǶܹġ
ȡǮΣ͢ȹ㡣һǰ·ķãԱˮ·ķúȡв۵İٷ֮ʮΪÿķáһ̻ˮ·ʵ׬Ǯġ
˶бʣ˵ôˣЩ̻ȻҲˮ·ĺô˱֮⣬Ǹ֪һ㣬ܶһЩˮ·ã콫ֵøԡ
һڸԼĲ豭赹ˮԱȻ˵͢ȡķý档һάˮ·裬ɵ·ƹܡ
̨µ˶壬׷׵ͷ
ڶǳλ˵ı󡣡
Ҳûʣ̨µ˽ͣصͷ
֮·ڵطѧ衣
һ˵ʱ¶ʱˡʲô⡱֮Ĳû뵽Ȼ¡
Ƴһߵ˾һۣ˾æྲྲ
Ͼ̨ϵǳ͢Ĺ飬߼Ա֮һ˶ڵЩ˵ǺǿǷ׷ױ쿴̨ϡ
ԴصϣǲѴն̻Ϊ֪֮ˣ¡áҡТʡ塢ǣҲ쳯ĵڡǷģѧֻѸ׳ݶͯѧ֪ʶ֮ã˶Ǯ
˵ʱѴһ˿Լдѧ̳ڿҪˡ
Ϣʵ̫ˣǰδй顣ЩӵĺҲܶʶ֣ڳ˸ое㲻죬оš
Ŀ꣬һֱʵȴδʵ֣ͣڿͷϵһ¡
ǱΪݣȻλͬˣϸ˵ĻҲûʸȥ˵ġ
ǹע׬Ǯ¶˵ֻǻ˶Ǯоֽһ㡣
һЩ˼ݵ̻λУɿ뵽˳͢ǻȫд˷
Ϊ͢ȻҪȫģҵ˵·ţȻҲֻһ·ѣԺ·οһˮ·ģʽ
ôһ룬пʵһҵЩƫƧĵط·ޣûֵطͲ˵ˡ
ǲ֪ǣӽҲṩ͢һ·ǲĵطɹΪĲ䣬ǮЩƫƧط
ȥʱ򣬻ǳӽûйƵ⣬ΪԴӽʱѾĵط


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گһ߾֮󣬲Ϊʲô˺˵ˡ
־ȫǮҳģѳĳӪˡҪ֪ĳӪҲ齨ΪûôǮ
گϾ뵽صʦЩ죬ûǷõġҾʦеĲ飬Ҳţ˺Ŭ£͢˲Ǯ
Σ˺¾Ļ֮ѽģǳ͢еɣگĬĬš
үûôˣУξ࿴ջǸղУξظӽ
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үЩʿ˽ùµýζǶʶȴץʮֻסһУξе
ӽһĬˣںʱ򣬺˵ʽеʿҶ֣治ҥ
ҺԼıԴϱڶʶ֣ѵһЩҲпԭ
һӽŶУξжپٳʣȱٴӪе
Уξش
ӽֽйˣǴǰȥ¾ӪУξȥʿȥˡ
گûǰ¾ӪһۡӽȻ᲻ӦͷԸگ򵼡
ȴھʣĻӽһαϱĿĿǰľƹѧʶ֣һԸˡ
ʶ£ǴץȽϺáΣ̳ܽһһˡ
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ǣһ߸·һŷҷ⽨ķ棬ųʵԼԼȥһ飬бҪʱٽн˵
ȵϽǣĻڵĳʵۺʺ֪ԭԼˣ顣


478 ̷
ӽĻڵղɵ֣ȻǺ顣
Ȼʵ۶׸˵䣬ܶ౨ʦ
һߵ߽ӽеһµݸӽҵˡ
ӽһԭǺн̵£æչ¿
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ӽ£Ȼȵ߲ô׷
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΢΢ͷӽ˺˵㣬Ƕ֪нĺпܼأһһ
ӽھдˣɱȳʱ϶ˣشʵ಻Ǻеı䡢췴ôҿǾǿ׼˳͢ò׽ĶңųҪЮġ
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ӽʵԴ˼صͷͼ⺺ҪǸ췴ֻΪ췴ʹˡΪǸֻвϾ췴ĻǴڻȥ£ûж˸顣
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˭֪ӽȴҡҡͷشʵ۵£ĵط˵ҪǺеĻֻҪӦԵõԾͿ϶ܵʵС
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ӽŲæش£ֻһʥּѲг룬¼ɡ
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شʵǲο˺һĵӾУĵΪɣľ顣
˵ͷ漴ҡͷˣʵҵ̲أܲþǿвƽɣ
طϿԺаԵ𣬶ڳ͢˵ҲϡǷңͲܲںˡ
ӽתʵ۵£ҷ棬õרּ´ⷪҷ⽨֮ҲüӽС
ʵˣһ£˵Ǵ¾ôɣ޵Ѳȥһˡʦ޸պм飬Ҫȥ
ӽ˺󣬻ʵùŮ̶ܿе棬֪ʵָʲôôء
Ļֻʣʱʵ۲˵صķѾòˣи뷨ʦ㿴ɺã
һҲ֣֪ʵҪʲôʵ˵뷪йأ͸Ǻˡ
뽲ӽųʵۣϵı飬ԼǰЩɶһ
ʦȥҼУ㿴Σʵ˵󣬾ȴʦѧӽ
ӽȻûʵ۵ѧϰͦǿġԼ֮ǰļ¼жУȡЧֶξͱʵ۸ˡ
һˣҲ޳СֻҪڷҷ⽨飬Ϳȥԭ
¸˫˫޳ɣֻǳϤңǲңиҵϣȸӽĿ佱³ʵۣȻ˵ԼΪ֮
ӽⷬϳһ
ǣ΢΢һЦӽ˺ﵹһѡ


479 ¡۾Ǻ
ʵۺӽһתͷ
´ˣ˭ӽ̵
³֡
֮ǰ͢鴦ʩǸӽȷʵ
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ʵûпڣӽڼʣ´ˣ˵ԴΪҪЮʹȽܷ⽨⣿
ǡ˵ǣȻ󲻴ӽʣͽ͵֮͢ǰĴȥΪˣĽǽְ֮ܡ
ӽ֮ǰûһûеءʵԭʷϵĴ
ʣתͷʵۡ
ʵһ֪ӽʲô˵Ϊ⽨֮£֮ǰĴδնۡ
ӽеĬ⿿ĻвΪУӽǱȽԥΪҲֺûӡ
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ܵУ㲻ֻһá
´ˣд˵Ϣôӽʵ
ʵͷ֮ǰ۶Ĵ֮ʱв鿴ľ
ϻشӽľҲеۣôһʣϷ򵹾˻еѡ
ôһ˵ʵ۶̲סˣγԣ
ʵһȻܵʮ±պöʮ꣬׳꣬ʺǰ䡣һ
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ݣʵʵѾ֮ǰʱ֪ˡҪ˵ӽģתӽļ
ԭ游ƶ˶谮檣˵ϲĸһڳз˾ڣ֮ӡ
ܹǵӣһЩԭٳٲӡǱֵܸˣȻϱ͢Ҫӡ
ص褷࣬泯͢͢Ϊٱ
ͬ꣬Ҳǳ游λΪ
ʽݺּ֮ǰĻԸΪϣڼλ֮󣬱Ϊɱ丸ıɽuаװ֮¾Ͳ˵ˡ
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ЩԸصڴôͲǳ͢ϣķҡһлᣬ΢Ķˡ
ȥȴ͢ҪˣӽʱΪʲô˵ѡˡ
һ㣬Ƚ֡˵ôһλķںʷϣرǳʵѳȺ׵״£Ӧôӷӱڧ쵼Ŷԡ
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ʵǲ´ˣҲеϵûڷڷľĺΪҲʼڧ̶С
ӽתʵ£Ϊ´˵õС
һУóʵ΢ЦصͷȻӽ˵˾ͷʦȥ
ּӽӦһȻ̧ͷʵ£ʦˣ
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ʵ˵֮ҡнһ̣ȥжǰĻ
飬ʵֶӽ˵ʦмʱ䣬Ҫٿ⽨֮ᣬʱҲ뵽
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ʼʵ˵⻰ûм˵˼Ͷӽ˵˺¾ѵٰҪܽԼͽԼɣ
ʵһҲЦŶӽҲһЩۣ˵ʦʿ̫ˣÿ춼ԡ
ӽǱתʵ۵£ߵǾ·ߡ۴ʿʣװõġҲֻˣһ֧һ֧ڷսذܣ걻²ʤ࣬ǻ
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ǣӽתʵ´ˣ֪ǮҲ¾ģǱ߶׬ǮҲʱ䵽оߣȡһЩ׬ǮĳɹܸĽеĶͳɱ
ʵҲֻ˵˵ѣӽϷظǮҲ֮ǰǺ̫ˡ
Լ˵˺ִ̼˺ȥ׬ǮĿġ
ʱһת棺£м


480 ȥ
ûʱ䣬һҴҵؽŲӵ⴫ʱ㣬Ӧˡ
õڵ˽ΪԾһ֮ˣȴߵ˴æѵشʣ
̬£ķȥ롣һʱ֮䣬˵ɫһ³
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£ˡɲĳһҵθڣֱ
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ʲô
ܰɣ
ԼϢѵ⼸˶ŵˣ֮⣬ӿһֳɾ͸С
۾Цش
뵱Լһ㷢ʱҲ൱ȵġ
ˣô£Ͻ˵˵ӽ̲סڴߵ
ǰ䣬˵޶Ȳˡʵһڴشߵ
Ϣڳʵ˵ôҪԶΪҲѹе֪ࡣ
⽨֮£ڵĴ˵һ϶缲ζҪȷ˳ʵʩ
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˵ȷµĻôӴ˯ͷ
ʵ۶ֵôˣҵľ渵
ԭǰӺĽѣͬʱҲΪ󴫽ʿʱСĿصͼ˵һ٣˼ªĵͼţûҪ
˴һͼѵԼͷĸϸܡ
Ϊеͼûжǡ֮֡ΪʱͼĻ񼵽˴֮󣬸ݴ˵˶ǲַ֣ȥŰѵͼˡ
ô˵ƳͼǵȫϸͼȻˣӽԽĵͼͲ档
еץסȥϢҪνϸͼҪ󣬷æȥˡ
дɵǣȥˣҪǱܻѣȴףΪ˾ھʦĽ̻С
΢е㲨۵ǣȴڽ̻˻죬۲űǰ
һ˾;ôӦòǺһͬˣϸ˱֮º󣬾ͱϽ׼ʥ
䣬ںδʵһæʵ
£˾źּش
ʱպöᶽжӦʵһͶ˵飬Ŵһˣģȥ󡣡
жһеԾΪǳʵ۽Ŀľȥ˹
ǣҵæȥŴּˡ
ˣʹûУȥ˵ѣӽе㲻ȥеɻʵ
˺ʻת˵м٣û˺ٶ֮ϾǱޣΪϤ
ӽͷһҪúʡ
ʵۼˣһ˿ûʧκȻֻһƭӣ˶ѡ
ûãжͰ˴ˡ
˵Ŀ⣬һȫеϡ
ֻ˴Լ߶ҵߣƫݣ¶ƤȷʵǸںˡ
ˣƴһɷʱ˽Ļȴսսյſڱڵأеغߵ꣬꣬꣡
ӽʻһۣжԴ˵ӡÿɷ
ʵ΢üͷ˵ƽǰʻ
֪˻д˱֣нû뻹ⷬ˵ػ
ǣǡæСӦӵվС鲽ǰƣ㲻ˣͷվ
ӽ˽ųӣĳʵʵûܻܿӾĽţͻͷʵ۵£
ãʦʰɡʵ۵ͷϤӽõġ
ǣӽߵǰվӺ˵˵ȥЩ㡣


481 ڱ
һߵǰԳơҡʻе棬̧ͷȥ
ΪƽʱӴĹ⣬ǻʮģǡٱ١һͨϰһԳơҡ
̧ͷǰ֮ʱǸˣûһĹһ·Ķһ㣬нŵһº˺ܶࡣ
ҲǾ˵ˣֻΪ֮Ϊ͢ݡ
ƽʱССڣȻ͢߹٣ʥһ仰ܾǰʧȥƽʱǸ˵˸ࡣ
ǰλ͢߹ٵӣеӽ쳣л˹æشˡл֪޲ԡ
ӽĽЩ⣬ͼʵɶ˭ϣ
һЩ⣬Ͳ˼ػشάɽ̨ϡ
˵תͷ˿ȻֹڵأͷˣϽ
ԭάڽһԼ󣬷ζƲԼ£֮ǰи˵ֻҪֺãܵһй
ҲǴˣһܲȥˣѶҲֲˣˣսսζʵܡ
ӽһƣתͷʵۡ
ʵ۶ͷʾ
ǣӽԹڵصάάǰɣֻҪʵشܰﵽ͢ϻְҲǲܡ
άһиˣԼǶĶˣһо˸æлվ
ľ˵˿ͿţôпɻڴĺӣҲпڣһжȡĴǷʵ
άӽ˵ǡʱȻϸоһѹһ񲻸ң񶨵ʵش𡣡
ҲǾѪȷ֮ˣ˶ӽսϣӳǹƺС
˵ɡӽֻһƽ͵˵
ԭǾΪȥԾͳʱв٣鱱Уһ·ܵﱱ
άڽܾʱΪѴ˵Ǳޣʱ㱻ʱˡ
һԸ˵ͳ¹洬˴ֻף˺ϵˡϽйάзһʯͷ˵أҪȥ
ӽûЩǺôĺͷĿ֣֥ʱǹˡ
סάǹȥģ㣬˵˵ͳ¹ʲô˼
άӽŲùҲͲˣֻȻػشһطҪкԶԶĺ̡ɱ˵ص˳ǳأҵȴӴȥ˶ֻҴ˵պã˵ĻֲǺͬ壬Ǳȥ٣ʹҴޱȡ
ӽ˲ţάֲ٣תԳʵ۵£Ƿһͼ
ʵ֪ӽҪϵͼԱʵøϸ͵ͷжһƵĵͼҵϺƵӽǰ
άǸˣһƼͼ۾벻ˡһֱŵͼѰԼϤЩط
ά˵ͳεĵطӽָŵͼʵ
άһԥһ£ǰһָһط˴Իīǡ
ӽһȷʵӦīĵطǲīǾͲˡ
ϸ˵˵īǵӽԸ
άȻҲ˵ˣһһʮİīǵй˵˸顣
ԭʮʱߴ޵ӡذؿ˵۹֮󣬽õ۹׶ŵƽڷ½īǡ
ڴʮң˵ΪиգԱ
Ϊ࣬ӣһȣ·صԪʱڡ
ΪȲѣе˶˻̣кת
ڴĸ๤½ľվտҪ۵֮浽˵ĹԱȻƫ̻ͬˣ´ά衣
ҲˣάŲԶص˴ֵ˽ӣҲϤˡ
ӽںпӡġʷ塷ĻͲάѾôˡ
ӽһЩߵάڵͼһһָӽһЩ;
ЩӽӺļɴ˿ȷά˵ôϸֻǵ;˵϶
ǣӽתͷʵۣͷ£Ӧòм١
ûʵ϶Ĵ𰸺Ȼüͷӽе㲻⣬ʵ£ô


482 ģǰ
ֻʵҡҡͷʦˣ޲ǵ⡣
˵ֶ֮ά޶⣬뵣ġ
άһʵ۽ԣԼϲ⣬æٴοͷл
Ҫʵش˵ľӱ֮Σʵ۶άʵ
°άסˣǳáԼʵ˵ˣһʢŭԼԴǲӸղŵĶԻԼó͢ⱱ֮أҪĻԼ֮ء
ǣ۾һתϵͷܿش£īǵӲ࣬ǧ˶ûЩҲΪ첻ȥͨ˶ѡ
ղнʵۺûάе˼
ݲ֪īһн࣬ȴ߹ѡάشʱǵͷ
Ϊ˽ʵһʵ
һһ𣬶û𻰡жʱ˵ݣ֪Ϊʲôȥˡ
£ŵ˳˲˾ʹӡ
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˾Щ޷޸Ϊħзڳ˶֪ôֻ˵һ㣬ʵ̫ˡ
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Ȼά뵽һ㣬̲ס̧ͷû֮˶־岻ѡ
ŷ˴ȥģȷʵŵ˳μʿӡڰˡ
άôһ̧ͷΧվźЩ۴ڿԼǰһ۵˶Լһæͷȥ
άղŵһڳ˶˿ԭʼ÷׶ˣΨһҪǵЩˡ
ǲֻ֪Ҫˣǻġ
ӡڰں˵ĽӴУΪԭҲǿˡʷϣװӡڰҲɱ˲ˡ
ӽ˶Աи㣬ʳһҪ⣺ɢô
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ǡӽʳĵ⣬άĻشҲ˿˵вʱ
ӽȴתԳʵ£ⱱһζĸ㣬ѴӶ濪ʼˡʱƣǱȻһСѡһǱȻţ㡣
ʵ۵ͷԶ׼ģֻҪ˭㡣
ڼ˶Ϥӽ˵֪ʲôˡ˶˵
£¾ɲģ֮ǰҴᱱĹؼ˭վסš
ڱˣüͷһ壬¾ôǿ
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ڵԭ֪㣬ֻӽôһ˵ʶֵõ˼ǿ
ȴһ㵣ģ³͢水˺˵ʵʩܻһЩ˵ķˡ
άʱˣԭ͢Ҫѷȥڱڱѹһ˷˵̺ĻᣬֻҪɵӣ뵽жˡ
ʱӽתάˣӴģĽǰʵشеͨô
һӽؼ⣬ְעеάϡ
ΪǷģĽǰޣǷҷ⽨Ĺؼ
ӽһᣬάȻͷûлش΢΢е㵣ģά˵ԡ
ǰһֱû˵ŴͨǰģڷСǰǽˡҪǴģǰӽһնûУϾǹŴ
̧ͷһش𡣡ӽ̲סҪ
άʱ˵˳ӽҪ̧ͷĳ͢߹٣СˣҪǴɴģǰҪ˵ҲԣҪ˵Ҳԡݲϵ˵¡
ӽͷάУ˵
άӽԼƴһֹиǰʼɵ


483 Ͳ
ǰźУ䡣ڼ֮أƬ򡣡
ά˵ָͼϵİ麣ϿȻ˵ÿ¿ʼǱڣֻСʱҪôӱǰҪôȱѩڻǰ
һ˵Ͽÿʮµ¡ĩʱ򣬸պСʱڣö࣬˱޾͸ˡ
ά˵˵ž·еϽǣڻϵǰˡڼ˵䣬ʱ±ѩ˺ǻӱߵĻ˰֮·;ǼѣƺƹɽǰС
ʺάĽ˵Ծشյͼǰ޺֮ĵͼ
ʱά˵ǵط˶ӣʲʵΪβڿĵطɹһҪѡǴĵط
ά˳һһĴߣдһ˿λߵϣԼæСĵؽ͵޷绹ˣһСģֻƫ뷽򣬾ǴûĽ֡һЩϵ·̣ҪһЩΪá
صͷά͵ȷʵˣ¹Щ̸󺣴ʱҲǶп־֮ɫ֮û޷󡣡
ӽһ˵ѡʱͲͷͼŷ޲֣кȻһͷ
άмؿһȻ͵˵ؿʮ·ңм仹Сɹֻͣʧ˷򡣡
ʵ˵ͷûխ֮˵ĺô
άû˵꣬˵طĺôҴ˵кܶຣûӴ󣬲һֻ㹻һ˳Ժܳʱ䣬һǰȻ㡣
Ȼһִϵά𣺡˺ĵطӴ
άתͷһ֮ǰǸ۵Ļʵۣ֪ʱߵǰһʱеңͰ͵ػصǣǺܴ󣬻кܴܴģǸںץ
жͲڳʵۺά֮䣬ûеס˵ߡʱ˵壬׼ȳһ
ûӽˣάǲȫ⻬гĺޣ½ߣҲںߣС
ӽ˵˼ڵпıȦĺ纣󡢺̡ʨ֮ġ
άԴͣصͷǣǣǡ
е֣Щ޲ڴ֪λô֪ġ
ʵһӽ˵һû֪м١
Ƿͼûղά˵С΢üͷӽʦͼϺֻһ㣿
άһһû˾ȻǵʦѵǾʦ䴫·΢ǵɣ
ȻŻͽ壬ɹȴ汲񻰡
ӽ߽˿Ȼ󿴵ͼ½ŵ֣˵£ͼıһǧıǺ̫Сˣ˵ͼûе
˻ûʲôоάͬںģӽôһ˵ʱò˼顣
ͼǰӽ˵ıлƣôضҪȽвͼôطдСһĵ㣬˼Ӧ֮
Ҫ֪ŴĵͼĩͼǸݹ㻭ģȻûкľȷˡ
һߵĳʵ׵ͼΪʲôûˣͶά˵
άһԼڽ˵ģǰĿԡͽŵСǰźǰУںʵطȺ֮ʣͨƬǿԵġ
ά˵һת˵ҪǴʹӵĻںʵطȺⶳʱڣòͺܲסʱԾãȻû˺ֻܿϴʽвҴֻĻҲӣЩǴ߱ҪǵġܽЩ⣬ģǰǿеġ
ӽˣʵǾ˵ҪںʵĵطͲˣ
άӽͷ˵ǡ
ԺεزΪãӽϽʵ
άһ£ָͼϵļص⼸вĻˡ
ָʱΧˣʵۣϸš
ȿصһȺ˵üͷ
ָһطʵ˴ǷԵ
ӽָĵطǺĺڡ
άеؿȻشǳ겻Ĳ㣬ϵĲ㶼б⣬Ҫ׼ʱǰС˴貹㣬ǲԣǻӲѡ
ӽһˣ˵˴Ϊ²ԭô


484 ˼ش
΢̾˿ǣǽ²Ҵūɶ˾פؾ֣˺ھͶˡ
˵תʵҪĻںһЩʿԴ½·ˣźֱ֡ٳǰͲҪԶ·ˡ
ʵۿͼϵĳʰ뵺ͻô֪࣬Զ󴬴ɽȵȥˡ֣֪ҪѶʱٷա
ĻɵҲüͷ
Ļһʱĵأ˭Ҳû˵
Ȼʵ߽ͼһɶᶨصһҪ²
Ҫǲ²֪ǵı˴Ͳ㣬ǿ϶ɱǰɧţռ
²ԭҪģֶһ²ɣʹóʵתͷӽʦ¾ķ㾡ܷģ֤ȱ٣κ˶¾裬һҪܴܽ²¾
ӽһʱоϵĵ
¾ĵģأȽʿ侫ôһ֧飬ʲôɻӮ²
سʵ۵·ģһ¾¾Ҫǳȥģ²ӮԲӼĳˣ
άĪʵۺʣһߵжˡ˺˼˵Ҫ¾Ӯ²ͶԲǴԽˣ
ʵõͷӽĵġ
ת߻£ȻԵµĳ˵֮£δ֮ǰñܡ
Ȼֶж飬άõд˿⡣
ǣ¡жӦһ£ȴһ⡣ص󣬻˺ʵ˵һΪᶽְ
ʱɫԭʵǽжӽȥģֻôˡ
һҪȻڸһˣӽͺһϽǣɢûؼҡ
˳˹ź󣬽Ϧһ⣬СǵĻ󣬲е̸
ӽǵ֮ǰ뵽飬˵ˣǴкβ㣿
һ㶣֪ӽͻȻ˵ʲô˼뵽ӽӦ֪Լڴ˽˲Լ
ǣһ˼һ˵Ҵ˱һЩȻѧƷΪ㣬ѧĵȡ
ӽȤţԾӽ͵¹ٷġԭĲأɡشԡظģĲɵã֮ɵã֮ɵã֮ɵãǰ֮ɵá
ӽΣŻ˵Ļˣ˵޷Ǿ߼ǿɹƵĶѣǰɣ
һһŵͷˡ
йŴѧĳɾͲ˵ͲֻȥԶе飬ѶȣҲ塣
ˣʽ߼鼮˵ǶĿһ£Ƴġ
֪һЩͷҿдһЩ㡣ʲô׵ģҲңһǲǵá
ӽ˵⻰ʱеźѧ֪ʶ඼ʦˡԼ벻ǿݣſܼҪĳЩԽһĬдеĴСѧеĻγ̾ͺˡ
ȴôΪˣæ˵úã¹Щѱ䣬һ㼷һ㣬Ϊɾӣһѧˡ
ӽ˿ˣЩ֮ԸǵĻ֪ʶ㣬ֻͨﵽ̵ĿĶѡ˵ģǽô
ˣ΢Ĭ˻ᣬȻŻصүΪأ
ӽȻΪɫѿɫͨΪȴƶϳЦһоڲС
ҲЦЦȻӽү˵Щ֪ʶֻǵĻ֪ʶѣ
ǰɣѧУ̵ݰ˸ȻѧЩʿǰѧУѧ˶þͶࡣҲôΪԴ̡ӽԼļܵ
ŶѧУҪǴҲоͺˣԼ˵ܽȥٵѧ
ӽǱ߽˵ˣ˵ҪǴȥǵĸ鼮͹˼Σ
ãү߼ֻԶ֮⣬ȥã
һǼؿ佱һӽ뷨ˡѣеɥ
ӽһĻȻɫѰȴüëһãΪξȥˣ
үԼǡصеûϾ˵İĴڡ
£ǰԼĵ˵˳үǶŷһ֪ǰҲδȥǺã
ûӽһȴЦ˻ŵ޷򵼴ǴʹǰŷֻǴ»ҪϲУ
һˣæʵүҪ¹ϣֱ˵


485 ȡ
ŷ޵Ĺڶ࣬Ƕ͢Ҽǵһʱ䣬ǵĽ̻ǱȹҪġȻ֪ǲӹɣ̻ԸҵӰ϶Ǵڵġ
ӽŷʷǺֻܸݼ
˲֪ͣںڰšǵĻӾֻ÷ɢסλУñ˹š
ӽôһ˵ʵү˼ЩѴ·ǰȥŷȡ
ˣ˵úãⲻȥȡôӽһ˵ȡ֣ЦȻֵҴɳأȡòǷ𾭣Ҳڽ̾飬ȻѧΪΪһѧ·ľ飡
ӽЦԶѲǱ˾ı䣬Ż߶
˰ٴ˼۹ȥǵĻѸҪ˹˾ʹ򷢵ԶԶأɧŴ۹Ҵ¡
ûӽôģе㵣ĵصү㲻˵ڴĴʿƾЩѧʶ̡Ҵ׳нõЩѧʶ鼮Ϊ̣ǻͬΪô
ӽ뵽ˣϾ͸͵޷Ҫϵĵطˡ
뽲Ͽҵӽһ֣Ϊ˴ǿʢΪ˴˶֪ȻĿѧЩ߼ǿ鼮ʵԸȥ
ӽ̬΢΢ж˵ˣ׼Ҹͷñ½ǵĽ̻ᣬڴڴ̡Ȼ棬Ϊ顣ұʾţһҪȥŷ޿̵Σܷڴ̡
ӽ˵ʱ⡣
һΪڴ̣ȻȫҴʹǰŷޣŷ޹۹⿼򵼡
ӽЩĻ֮ˣ˺֮ǰ˵̻ŷ޸Ӱôһ·ĹУͻٺܶ鷳˺ܶݡ
ɴ˴ʹǰŷ޾ͻףֻװ鼮شĻӦûǻѶȡ
ү˵ǣ̻δػʹֱ˼鼮͹شɣĵ˵˳Ҫ͵͵һЩ鼮ĻȴûѶȵġ
ӽͷ˵öԣ̻δػͬǴʹ˴ģЩ顣ҪǴʹߵŷ֮Ӧ䣬񡣡
˽ӿڵү˵ǣֻôһĻʹߵҪͻȽϸߣǲҰɡ
˭֪ӽĻּǣˣʹһ㣬һõ壬ƽŷ޲Уβǲظʶ㣬Ӧ䣡
رеǸҪѶˣ˼Ǳȥģôıڣڱ󱣻ţ˵طֱȡ˾ͿԻġ
ڵȴƾȻˣҲǱŴôŷ޸·ȥּۻۣΪȡ
ӽĻ󣬳ĬˡʹòңҪпܵĻȥŷޡӽ˵岻
Ҳ뵽һˣԭȰԼ鼮ģ˾еӦ䡣
ȥ벻һʵѡֻʵүгʹŷ޵ѡ
Լ벻ôһʵѡͼϣӽˡ
˭֪ӽҲҡҡͷʱҲ벻õģҴôˣҪҵˣӦҲ̫ѡǿһ߰һѰҺʵѡ
ֻˣҲûһʥּȫѡ
һ£ӽү׼ʲôͷأ
ӽʱŷվڽ죬ΧĻܣԼҲе㹾ˡ
΢һÿµǰߣȻԸ˵ӡУЩʿĽԵġŷޣöвͬģͽˡҴǲܱģе֣ôܽأ
ӽôȥʱ˵Ļ֪˵Щ顣ȴ֪һ㣬ӽ͵ү֮һֱ޷ڴǵĽ壬ΪǵĽ޷Ҵܡıؿʼƹ㣬Ҳ¹ٺǺĻᡣ
Ŷôģӽеʵ
񼱾˴ķɫ⣬ǺûʲôͬĽУĽͽͳļ졢澴ףҲûҮձʮּϣҮյͯŮ֮ݵݡǽ̻ѧҲǾ̸űҺܡ
ӽһĽܣˣʵҪˣִӺζ֪Щأ


486 ϼ
ү֪Ͼ̰ôŶǸʱүû
˵˸ͷӽȥųڴǰ飬ȻͲ֪ˡ
ǣӽ΢ϸؽµʱ
ԭ͢˵ش̷ʽһ˹
һ˵ʱˡ
һų˼룬Ͻ졢桢ݿӡ⵽ʱϾķԣ鳯͢Ҫֽɡ
ʱڹͨѧҪʵۣ顣
Ϊ̷ִʽʵڲǵʱĴܣ⵽ԽԽ˷ԣջǱˡ
ʱ󣬻ΪѧҪЩʿؿʼڴԾƼ£˴ְһ
ܵӽ˵Ͼ̰֮˺ܶ࣬¹ٵĹ۲죬ǻǹڻǵĽ岻ԭ
ӽˣ˫ֻģžһȻ˵صⲻͽˣɾֳɵġ
ŻѵĹâӽû˵ġ
Ҿͻȥд£ᡣȻˣô⣬һ˽ġӽ˵Լ뷨
үɵĻûתأǵ򵼣΢üͷʵ
ӽһЦŵףһ˵ǺԹѧ̻ˣ졢桢ݿӸǺ˵Ĵͳǽ岻Ҫ˺ЩͳЩδ񻰹ŪգġҴۼǵǺģ츣ڰգǴ̡
ӽ˵󣬿˼ӣ΢˵˵Ҫľ͹ҲջûǣֻҪŬܴһʺϴĿѧϵ
ӽĻУŸȾ
˺мʶͷү˵ǣǧǧ򣬻治žû˲ȥЩ顣
ãǾ˵ˣҽȥд£ʱ˼ǵ¾Сӽ
Ϊ˻ģΪ˴¹ٵȥƴ¹Ҳġµػص
ǰǺˣڣ˭Ҫ棬Ǿ͸˭ƴ
ӽ̾ţ֣Իظ
ҹִʣһЩСһ¾ͳ¯ˡ
ڶ죬ӽŻҪȺǸά̸̸Ȼһȥ˾š
ʱ·˲࣬һЩˣͣҴڽͷ
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ȻǰһдšջſڣΧһȺˣ֪ʲô顣
ӽԼ£֮İԴʱҲûȥģԾɸԼ·ûȥ
ǴȺԽԽӽ䲻ȥʲô飬ֻƬﴫ
μеѺΡһͳصӽ˵˵ݡ
ʲôݡ
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ʱӽһѹǴȺĵطϽǶȥ
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Ǹ˱ƹɣ˵΢һ㣬ó˵Լǿҵš
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ĩˣôɰɣӽţס˿΢һǣת˷򣬿Ǵ˶ѡ
ӽĻһӣֻöͣסˡеʵ常Ҫȥ˺£
ӽһۣЦصİҲС
Ȼһջſڶȥ
˰ٴһָ˼иϹȥס˵
ղŻΧȺϾ;ȫ˵һߣеηؿЩִۣǱһˡжڰţᷢʲô顣
ִеļϷֳμߣתӽ
ӽ߽Ǵӷϵǳ͢ĺæӭӡ
ƹ۾¹ߵССεػ˸Ȼӽһվסȿڸ״ˣλ͹ס겻Ǯ׼ǰȥ١
ӽ֮ǰֻƬ֪ô¡
С۾ܹܵġ
ǸСвǮĿ͹٣ֻԼʮңǹڵأȴֱ̧ͦͷֱ޾ɫ
ʱӽ͵ҿջסȴ̲Ѻ𲻹֧ƹ˵òμǵѺǮ㻹ʲǲ顣
ӽȲϸ˵ǽϼͣ


487 ֪
һ˻Żش죬ϼͣʴ˺֪ţ
ӽһ˹ȻϼͣԸԼͷڳʽˡ
δڳӦһߵƹˣ͢߹ٻʶ͹١
ǣǻҪҲ˲С棬Ͻͷ֪ʶλ͹٣бӵҲλ͹ٵˡ
۶λ͢߹ٵĸ࣬ڻҵӣⲻǳ˪òͷô
ӽ΢е㲻ˣоԼһ±˵̰ˡ
ɫ΢е㲻صסǮ쾭£˭ҪǸ̹ΪģǴȥԺľٱȥٱ
˵ٹƹ񣬻˸ͻɫϼ͵汾ߡ
ӽ˵תߵİͶһƥɡ
ӽһԸһ˿ɵƣҲû˸Υ
ϼͿΣ֪ӽû⡣˱һߵһ¨ӣȻӽҾл˵֮飬·ɡ
ڳʱߵǰ棬ϼ͵Ƿʣ˼Ŵ˼ƹȻպϼ͵˵һߵүݵ¡
ϼһֻٴҾлȻɷ
ӽ˾һϽǶȥߵû֮ǰôˡ
ӽĻһЩղŻһߵһΧסƹز²
ƹӽһ˵ıӰȻһԼԴӣȻˣɶ۵ĳֻ͢һд
ղھУ̫ţһˡǿջƹݣϢöˣôܻ᲻֪˺Ĵ
ȺҲµˣ˺
ԶԶԣ˺֪ղ˼Ҷ˵ʲôôƹһ˷ܵص
˵ʲôΧ۵Ͼȴƹش
˼˵˭ҪǸ̹ΪȥԺľٱ١ƹ˵
ʵ̫ȣ˺Ȼ˵
˺ȻǺ˰ΧȺв˴̾
иɤűȽϴĴɩĸŮϷԼĿϻҪôϵ·أǾˮġ
˵꣬иʹͷͬˣҡͷǱˣʲôк³ˣ
㻹˵ϴǸƱŵĿȥԺľٱôͷϵһϾӷ

һȺ˴û¸ɣջſڿʼ
飬඼ӽڳġʱλסȴһ㶼֪Щ飬һȺʦ۷׷ס
עϼϣֻʸͷϼ͵㻹һֱɽˮô
ϲ飬鿴öˣȥߣǲͬ˵ϼûһּپ̬Ŵݻشӽ
ӽаһ䣬ϴˡϼĵôܿɣ
ϼͲ֪ΪʲôӽЩǾʵشˣû治С
μдûУӽϼԳƷ
ϼһӻͳһպдһ
ӽˣҪ˹㷭˷
ּͲ˵ˣʤӽٱֹѧô㷭Ҳ֪Ϊס
ӽſţȻһϵս飬ϼ˵þһʵѡ
ǣѡԵϼһЩ⣬õĴ𸴣ȫжԴʹʹҪ
ӽתͷ´ϼ͵;òȻʵһطĵطһ·;ջңԶ᲻ȥ
ʹ֮ĵطûһֻ̬ȣͲܻᱻɫɡˣӽôһʡ
ϼ͵Ļش𣬺ܷӽеӡ󣺡Щ߹ĶӾΪ̹;
ӽһסתϼͣɫµʵ糯͢һ£ǰ泯͢ռһЩ鼮͹ԸԸǰ
ʲô˵òǰ󣿲֮áϼʹʱڲˣ¶һľϲӽ
һֱȥ⿴ΪҾԣȥСûӽʱȴǡԸβϲأ
ӽͷȻҪһһ˵ϼԼȵܲ
ӽ˵֣أϼ͵ɫҲӽ˵˼˻ᣬŻش˷ģɳ͢Ĳ¡
ʱѲߵˣӽͶϼ͵ãڴ˵ţ˵ϻ
˵֮ӽ׼ˡʱȴϼͺסү
ӽתͷϼͣе㲻׵ʵ£
֪ŵģ


488 ʾ
£
ӽó޵ƤɱУɱһˡ
ϣг˲ܶԸʵ֮⣬˶޽ģʵԲʳ⡣
ʵӽйسʹŷ޵Ľƣһ׳ϵãõġйʲôģҲͲЩʿڰЩɻˡ
׸ʡ£ϼͽԣһоÿԺϿʼһƻ
̫ԶˣáԺҪǺ˽ˣûˡ
ΪӽĽ飬ʹڽ̽дѹټϴĲѹȺյȫ濪սӽ꣬ڶ񻰣ȴħˡ
ʦĴʿں׵ͻȻ֪ҪֹǴ̲ǲͳһ¾ˡ
æȥǿܻõһͼıʵ۵ľЩӦڳ͢Ԥ֮ڣżƻǰߡ
ڳʰ뵺²Ҳں׵±ûϮ
ԭ²ڸѹȳʹԱʳ
ǰռʳȴ¬;٣û˻ɶ²
ū̫ʵçŶ̩Ի̫жδΪȴҲòչγʳֶΣɳԼľͬʾһȥطʳ
⽨²һųĻִ
ʣʳжôܲһǴȾ
մǳʵЭ飬ӦüһЩʳģء

ĻͲУֱӼලųʾһطϣʹ˳ŲֻʳֻҪеֵǮģͳͳߡ
ŮˣֻҪеģǵȥһѡ˭ҪǸҷԣֱɱ¡
еĳʾУΪûйеһ档
ȻҲеĳʾӣԴ˸ŭԡǹԹԵִн²ȴҲûٶԼͬ
ֻкһֳʾӣ޷ֶԸԼֶͬΣܾϡЩ˲²ɱֻˡ
һʼʱ򣬴˶ӵɽϵʼ²ͳʹٸ
˸ͳϰһƵĸѰӻ
Ϊ¬ŻصЩѺʳĳʾӣݿܽ²Ϣ˳ʹڡ
Ϣһʮʮ٣ֿʹóʾһֳġ
ЩʾӵƵĺϺҲйؽ²鱨˸ͳ죬Ϣ˻ܵ˵Ѳ¬
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İٽ²ලųʾӸմӸׯռʳڻɽ·ϡ
һ㶼ûʶǰ·ߵɽȺǶʱˡ
ڵڳʾڣ֮еĳ˿Ƿ·С۸ԼҴ˻Ǹо
ǰԼʣ಻ʳóðΣմ̽²٣㱨
ˣӵĶĿ˵鼰ʾڣ·ǧۡ˳²ЩԸΪ²׵ĳʾϹӡһ㣬˿֪
ŵ죬¬ıӪңŽ²ͳʾӽ˷Ȧ
ǹͻȻк˳ȥһ·ŵһˡŽ²ͳʾӱ֮ʣҴͷ˳档
ũҵĴͷ£ǰ档׷ս󣬳͢ļνһʹǳͷͬʱҲѲûǳѹǵ˼ʹսи¸ҡ
Щʾһ˷ð˴ͳʷεˣɱųǣŵˣ׷˱Ͷ
Щ²ڳʾڵүˣֻ֪ȱһɵֿ֮ġи˭ԸԼȥƴԴӮ̡
ս£һʼעʤҲûгϣһԶ̴Ľ²һ㶼תͷƴܡ
Щ²֪ӳȥܻҲƴӣǵ´ʱֵ쾡£Ҳǳɹѡ
սһĽ󲿷ֽ²ߣ󲿷ֳʾӵ˷²
ִ¬´ǽе󶪸ˣԼѺʳսƷع麣
һΡΡ֮çŶ̩ˡСӳȥʳǰѹƵ˳ʹٸϡ
ʾڵľһһһмū̫֮Уȴ֮⡣


489 ˵ĸı
ڻ̫еǣʻçŶ̩ѹ£ŭԹ
㱾ǻ̫ƶĽһɶܵõʳçŶ̩ڿӡ
ڻ̫֮ǣȻһ±ǿһţɶʳˡ
Ƕ˱ˣôȴû̵
ȵ̫çŶ̩Ǳߵ߿رйسʹڵʱû̫Ѫĸо
Ȼû꣬ȥʵʹߡ鲻ŵģʹӦԼȥŶԡ
ԼȥʹֹçŶ̩ݣһ·ûʲôЧˡΪѾժˣ˻ǻΪôǵľȿѹ
̫çŶ̩Ȼʱ㱨ͬʱ¶˾ҪȰѵ
ֻд˵ĸ֮Լ˳ȥʩԶ壬Żյж
ʳѾţЩūѾʼƿˡԭҪģӳʹʳպܽϡ
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ǣ̫ӽ߳һ򾡵ĲԲãԳ̽ΣһҪҸõһɹ
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Żظ۵ĴֻͣشϢΪϲ
ڹЩ죬һЩ׶սһ׼͢ݣһ߿ʼй֮
ЩУΪͻΪʿ䣬ܲɱУ¬͡
ֵµĽʿԽ²ʱ򣬶ͬ¸ңô²кξ֮²ָտɴ
ˣ¬ΪӪǧܣȻҪ͢ݣ־ڽݱ֮С㻹ʲôҪ󣬾򱾹
ȫףϥءةǷҪʱԥһ£Ȼȭ¬ةǷ˳һŵʦ
¬üͷһЦ˵ôھʦõģ
ҵ£Ͻ͵ةĩûáĩĸھʦǹŰѽ֪ǣҲܷġ
¬һӴ΢ǰһ̽ҵŶǲ˰ǽӵݣҲԾͽչΣ
ӦԪһߣžЦˣҽ͵ĸѱ÷Ϊֶˣݸ
¬֮ǰû˵ӦԪһ˵е㾪ȣ֪˺Ϊʲôҵӵֶ
ҲûԥҵǺ£ʱ֮ǰѼŽ豾٣Ի͵
һϲæлڴһݣͨԼŬΪ˳͢ǧܣѲӪǧܡ
ǰ붼ģϲøԼĸӷ⣬ҲԼһ˼֤常
˳֮綼ϲЦŵҲܣܶ쵽˲١
ΪܵĸӭЦŵǰʱûô֪Ļͷ㵱ˣҲеıɽˡ
⻰һ˵ڣֳ̱ѻȸ
ӭϷԼ˵ˣѶΪ֮ҪǵһܣҲɳ͢ĹٱѲӪľˡ
һЦ˻ĸӣҼǵþôһ󡣿Ժĳɾ͹ϲϵģϲ㰡
ӦԪ֪йĸӵϢʱЩ綼ġ
ھӭôһᣬЩһϲһ±üЦ
Цǫһ󣬺Ȼп˵ҵĸӣԼǣ
ΧȺصغȻָ֪˭ܵܵöңж˺ĸмȴһֱġ
ˣȻҲͬһرǸӭ飬̾Ҳ֪ˣҪǺһ˷²ͺˡ
һЦŰοӭı£ҲġӦöܻò
ӭˣΨеͷοԼˡ
ǲ֪ǣûȴһԳɡΣ˭Ҳ֪ǺԽӽҲ֪ˡ
ӽԳɵʱƿԣҲȥ
ʱԳɣȴǱ֮±ǸȴΪгӽķԸǷǳĵģ˴ץ
±ûԳɵ֮أ˵Լһ֧ũˡ
Գɿ͢Ŀз±Ѳͳ£仹Ƕģϣɱ췴û
ģشӳ϶ǡܲ١ţǵˣ˹˸ˣ±ʱѸ
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490 Ը
һӽı˵ˣȴӽţԼ
ӽĴӦԪʱڵѲ¬ʱפغ¬ִ¡
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ӦԪȻûͷûԵػ¬һ㶣漴ЦŻصðˮʦͳ첻û˿ѹˣ
ûӦԪȴһЦⶼûУɫ£˵̨˼ӦҲ֪˺ټˮʦͳ˼ԺĻչ
¬ӦԪô˵£㲻ٿЦҲǰ֪ʱҶĽڽչȭţưԴ󣡡
ɾ̨ûУҼڵˮʦͳ죬˵ôӦԪԼһ˿ǡ
¬΢е㲻⣬ӦԪǺν⣿
쿴йˮսı飬رݴ˧ˮӪһݣѿ챻ҷˡ
ӦԪ˵Ӷ¬̨ҿô˵ɣҪ˵ˮս۵Ļڵңκ˲ǣûʵս鰡
¬ʱӦԪ˼ˣӦԪȷϵ࣬˼ڵҲֿʵӱѧ֪ʶô
ӦԪϾ͵ͷǰ̨ʵսԺսʧС»˳͢ơ
¬ҲǴ֮ˣڼսӣ֪ʵսҪԡ
ӦԪĿ϶ش󣬵ͷϵĲ豭Ĭˡ
ӦԪ¬ӣ֪˼⡣˵Լ뷨¬Ȼˣ΢£׼¬Ǹʲô
ûһᣬ¬̧ͷ˵࣬㿴ô
ӦԪһ¬⣬æ̨ʲô⣿
Ȼصȥѵˮʦսල촬Ⱦ߱ģ󣬾Ҹˮʦսû֡
¬鲢ûϵõӦԪĴ𸴣Ĭ˻ᣬ˵˲̨ͬһֱǴĸҲûˮʦǣȥǲðɣ
ڵȥʾڣҲǴ²ΪԳΪˣӦԪ¬֪ġ
˭֪¬ȴҡҡͷ࣬˵ûҵĽ²ջвȳʳˮʦ²ǡ䱻򣬻ˡ
ӦԪһ¬˵Ҳ޵
Ѿ²ѹȳˣЩʹԱҲûҷһ²÷Ҫε̵ʱҲпܻһеġ
̨˵ȻˣҾȻصˣĴֻ̨ˡӦԪ¬˵
¬ǺһЦģЩֻʿ͵½ϼɣԱȲ衣
ӦԪԳһЦҲʾ£ȻһߺȲһţԼڴͣпޡ
Ȼһϱ²豭¬˵̨һвͬ
¬ûӦԪԼ˵ˣͻȻðôһ仰ɷ²豭ʵкμ⣿
ʹĻ̻̣û˭Ϊ²ԴӳʾʿϾܿǴʿһ֣ʾӾͶ²ʵİվ͸˵ˣһ£ʵˮʦ潨²ƴ
ӦԪⷬǸݵǰʵеƲ⣬˵ûе
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ӦԪ¬Լ˵ˣٲһŵǳˮʦͽ²ǵɽ²ôôѹʣȻԼľ˳սͲںϱ˿ˣ²ֻҪ˴Ǿзɳ˰ڲˣ
¬ӦԪͷ˵֮ǰ˵ҲֻһֿԶѡԴɾ͹ˮʦ³͢ǱҲв
˵΢üͷʵʲôô
ӦԪ¬۾صˣǰˮʦǿڴĶһֱŰȴûжΪֻаԵƵվǰ취ԼǿˮʦСȥǱ߿ˮսҲ࣬ûҲʵһ
࣬Ҫ֪ǱˮսǶ࣬ҲΣա֮ѰˮʦǰΣ¬Ȱ
У˵ˮʦ׵ԼðգȥʶˮսٴˮʦҲǶԵˮʦ𡣡ӦԪǲͬ⡣
¬̬ȼ㲻ˣֻ̾һҵһλү
ӦԪһȻָ¬ҡͷ㰡̨ΪİҳıߣԭֻȥҪǮҪѡ
¬ӦԪ˵е㲻˼ЦˣȻ˲Ρ
ǲˮˣҸ˵ûңֻҪʦ÷ڣҪǮҪ϶ҲûġӦԪЦ˵
¬һԼв豭Ȼûˮˡ԰Ѳ豭һţЦŵⲻ᲻ôȻִˣҾͺݺķˡ


491 飨һ
³壬Ӱʷһشھʦٿˡ
·ӵӵ̷ֱŽ֮⣬˶֪ݡ
ǿǸ·ݣǲٿڸ䡢Ժһ۹Աиǻ֪̿ʲô½Ҫ
ЩȦġƽʱطϵĹҪʸãñ򱨸
£޲СЩ۹ԱƤƤһһһñӾܴͷ
Ա֮󣬳ʵ۳
޲ϵյرʹġҶ̫еȴӶˡ
ʵһڣϱ˵ҵע⡣ЩȻԴͬ
ҲҪ⳯͢Ѵʵ׸ʵ۵
ڡʳд
ǴĹܼңط˵һ˵͢ڵĸɡʵ۰񶪸ʡ
֮ǰͶ˵ģ׼Ϳʼ渵
Ӵҵһֱ˵Ϊֹɵĳ͢һһ˵˳ݽжԱȣԵҸôĿġ
ЩһһЩƽʱûиЩҲǴΪԾЩһֱԹ̱͢ҴʱҲ˵ˣ͢ÿ뻹ȫٺ»ѹֳָ͢Ƥ
ȻҲеȻ̲ģΪĽɽҵģôҲܿҵ˰ɣ벻Զ˰
ʽ˵֮󣬳ʵ۱ٴοˣÿ˼̫浱⣬ԭػŴɽֻϿĽɽ𢡣
⻰һڣµķĵ׾һƬ˭ǣɵ¶У
ʵ۲ÿЩҵɫ֪ǶʲôȨûĸ˲ҪοЩ̫Ѫ
͵֪ʲô˵Ϊ˼ҹǣͬڸҳһƵĽܽĿǰǵҲܴﵽ̫浱ҵ
ʵ۵⻰һöذըը˿
ûٹ˼ǰǣΪ֮̾
ʵ⻰˼ҪػɽǲҪǮȨһôɵӶӦ֪ʲôɳʵô˵˼ʲô
ǵͷϹһʺţھ֮࣬۾ȥѰǷ֪𰸡
ֻۿЩݣٿĳʵۣתͷһߵ˺ֻǲȴԼʱ
ʿʵۣڵõʾ֮󣬱Щҵ͢跪Է⽨ʵȨ䷪ھͳȨһȨ
ʵĻһ䣬ڵķҷûһ˿ֻ۾ųʵۺ׸
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ʵһ仰ֺô˷ǳʵвг͢ϵЩԱȫв
ۿôȻǲܵġЩ뵽ֳһĮڸԼЩȨĿ
ӽ΢е죬ΪȻһַһΪ֮ġ
뷨Ҳ֣ΪûЩұȦ¶Ҫ㱨ľ
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ʷ·֪ǵ뷨ž͸ǽ͵ϱж󣬾Ͳ˵ˡط֣ḻдĽͭȿҰȺνһء
ʱѾȷϳ͢Ƿ⽨ȥˣǾͿʼС
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492 飨
ϱôãûô
ҶԾصͷôĵط϶вѷڴĵ۹ǶǱȥ˼ǰ谡
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ߵʵĽ⣬ϸźһֱţϿȻִϵ°޻˸顣
ʵĽͣϸʾ⣬ȴӿʡ
ôʱڵ飬ô֪ģ
ôܣﲻǴôܹȥҼô
Ҫſڿӣ˻ܹȥ

Ѿ¿ˣûмʵۺ͵Щĳһ˿ЩҾͷ׷׿ʳԵˡ
Ȳ˵ߴһ١ڲʱ˫ʾⰲȻ͵ǴȥǱˣȻ֪
˵꣬ʾһߵ̰ѺڵǵάУȻ˵άڱλʣԽ𡣡
ά֮ǰжνӴ˺Ѿô¹ˣվĿ֮´һλнӹϸʼ
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أ¼˲ˣеӣ˵ȥʵ
ţЩӽݺӡʺά˵ġ
ֻά¶һּĽеϧ̬شûش˵ǱԴֻԸһ
ӽڱϿάӣ֪ĻΪôһ¡άҪǵ˺ȥԱʲôĿ϶û⡣
ʲôвѧһߵݵ
󲿷˻ĻģԸشǱˣȻŴʱдһԴǡԨԪ
ЩԨ֪ˣһӵʣ׷׳ά
ôȥǱߣ
Ǳ߶ʲôжٸңǵĹҽж󣬾Ӷô
ĪҪƭǣԽԽ䣬㡣

һߵڸ󸨳ЩҵӴʸû꣬õڶҺġɵüͷ˼
Щһ鷢˲źţæ졣
ҵ˸ǹ񲿹ܵģҪԼСЬΪҲҪԲ˶ߡ
άһھͼڼ֮أ⣬ﶬΪ֮汲סԳŦˡ
㵹ӽ˵ģΪά
һǳֵһﺣˮȱĵطůȫ궼ط¶Ⱥ;ʦࡣ
άָŵĵطǺӰ뵺ı˵ް͸˹˵ΪձůӰ죬¶ĸߣͨ
վϽ˵ЩʵԶٶг͢ıڡ
֮ǰЩ֮ԻɶʳڣΪϢ̫ˡڸǰδŵöˣˡЩ滰άͲϷǸоҲ档
⼸ԭһЩ඼ˡ
ЩϷķ˺ǰ棬֮治Сǳůĵط˵䡣
ﱱϡȻΪ·ѡһǵȱ֮󣬴ߣһֹϵѩʱܵﱱһ·ǵů֮ͨ⴦խĵطﱱ
ڵķҾһţЩǵ֪
ά˵һССǴģǰĻѡΪá½·ǱҪչ鲻ʵ
ʱڿʼ˵ˣǱסЩսǿô
άѾ˺һݷù˵ܳһʱĻҲ֪
ǣæ͵ЩˣֽӡڰˣȻͬͬ壬ǲûһڹëѪԭʼʯͷȡҰޣժҰڳ伢ûдĹңֻвʽڡ
άĻû˵꣬Ҿ̲סˡôõĵطȻôһȺռšֱǱ˷һõط
ҲеҲţʳеʣȻǻΪǻ˼ªأ


493 飨
ӽ⻰ͳ͵£ʳǣ뾡취ȥıô
ҷ˵Ͷתͷһĺ
Щ֪˺ŵ˾͵֮ΧݣӽһЩ˵ѾɢƣˣرЩ£ųɵõˣ͸Ѿá
ôһ￪ڣš
ǱߵӡڰˣڻĸϵʱڡҲ˵Ů˵㣬˺Ҳĸס
ӽⷬǾò˼飬Ů˵㣬̫ˡ
Ϊ˵˺֮ڣû˳ɡ
ӽЦЦŵǷģǲϳëɺӡǳò࣬۾Ƥǵĺ˷ɫһЩûʲô𡣡
⻰󲿷˵¶˼ı顣
ʵۿǵӣͿ˵ǹȥ֮󣬿ͬΪǷĳ񡣼֮󣬾ͺʹߵİһģһˡ
ʵһڣ˵עеߡ
ķ޲κơҪķͿģķԱȴҲֻֻ֧֡Ҫ΢еǵķͲͬڣֻһ֮شСˡ
ʵۿʼԷشСջǣһ䣺ǲܹ˭Ҫǲ飬Ҫ׷ġ
ʵ˵ûЩҸоϱѾǵ֮Уŵ׼Ϸˡ
ڵЩҶˣһɳ嶯ʵô˵ţ۾ͼԴʲôطެȽϻ㡣
ճʵ۵˼ֻҪռ˵̣Ͳõˡ
ڼƽϵʱ򣬳ʵ۵Ļִ˹еׯأȵԺ޻طȫǴķأŴûйУⲻ̫ϣô
ʱ򣬵ڵķǶѾ˳̽͢ǵȨ֮ģҪıҵĹߣΪ⽨ˡ
򲻿ƣƽͷϰճ棬׸˺ʵ۱˶˵ͬһ顣
Щĳû˵վǣȣԵ̬ҲѾ˵֪޳ɴ¡
ôһеķҾͿʼĿ⽨ĵʧˡ
ղѾ˲ٷ⽨ĺôĺôǣ˺֮ⷪԼ͵һʵˣҲܾ־ˡҷж󶼿ԣپһС
Ҳкܶ࣬ôԶĵط˭Ҳûȥûôã˭Ҳ֪
Ϊ˽ԽԽص⣬Ͱ˰ɡȻֿԺСһЩд˵ġ
һǣϱ֮һжҪͷݽ죬ؿѵȵ⣬鷳
Լһ˾ȥެɣ϶Ҫžӣȥһ·ϻʲôҲվûס
һֱڹ۲ŵЩҵ̬飬ڿʵ۵Ļһڿŵͼ˼ЩɫΪѣе뷴Ե˼
ǣҷ⽨֮ߣңΪۣ֮˴ҵ֮ʯ˴˲߱ʵ֮ء
˵ʱѿĻͬãͬҲҪ˼ˡǿܹǲˬģ˵
ʵʱΪʵĻڴһ̫⣬Ժеңһɷ⽨⣬޵ĶӣҲ⡣
Щʵôһ˵ղǱǿȵĸоһ¾ʧˡʵ۵ӶҪôԼЩԶ׻˵ʲô
ʱڱ̬ˣ˵ҷ⽨⣬˰һ֮ߡΪɽƣΪڻҵƣǧѣҲӵ˲Ϊʵ֮
ʵûӽв˵ƢԸ־£Ҳǻͬ˲ߵġ
µµΪعһжɷ̫ѪҪȥһҵ
˵ôȻٲԸƽһķҲ̬ˡ
ԸΪ´һƬɽ
ԸΪķ

һЩˣҷ⽨֮µ̬ȴҡڵ״̬ʱٷڱ̬յĴ£Ҳ׷׸ˡ
ôһԵһҲòķңڻʵۣȺĻ֮£ͷëˡ
ҪԼͬߵĻ˵ǳ³Լˡ㲻ûпܱΪˣصǽȥǾͲˡ
ؼǣ鷢ĿԺܴЩҲ鲻Ըر̬ͬˡ
һеķңԸⲻԸⶼͬˡ
ڼȻҶͬ˾ˣôֵҪʱˡ
ʵк߳˵һԵµķ˵Ȼλӵߣʲôѣܽһǽ


494 飨ģ
ʵ۵Ļ䣬֮ǰˣ£Ҿެ⣬Դߣ
Ҫԭ뿪˵Ҷϴ𰸡
ʵûпڣǴڸ׸ʳشˣҾެ֮£͢ӿǹǵ⣬ɱش𡣡
˵͢оߣެ⣬ԴһǧȻļΪе٣Դߡ
ɳ͢ǿƷһôӲ廰ʵ
ǹϵެ棬ٵСҲῪּۻˡ
ӵĻһ䣬кü͡
˵ϾΪȡ⡣
һᣬ澲˲˵ڴǶ֮ɶ²Ᵽ˾ƽϢδãѴصƽϢδãֺƵ໴£ǿưǨƣƱΪң͢ô
вٰհɣ˳̾
İնڸȥؽķ˵Ƕơĸ̾˲˵ĸ͡
ˣڴľǾެ⡢еյʱʵǺ죬ڷȴ쳣
ΪΣϽӿڵ
аһúãƫ⣬˳ȿǵķ˵£͢Ѿ֣չޣ¼ء˵͢ĻЩ봦ڶıԵʱóһڳԵģǰȻٵĴ۴İա
һҲǣҪֲϣպúõڱӣǰ޿ģж˻ȥ治˵
ڴܿܶǻԺб֤£ǰ
׸˵ǣЩյ޺˶أǱһȳ񣬱ֺõĻԵĹԱͲˣЩ᲻ȥʱ˵ĶԲߣҲ˵ķһο
ԭǲ˵ģ˺нû취ֻܰЩʩ
дķѾ뵽ˣ˳ű³͢Լܽ񣬾ǰŰˡ
ͬʱҲǸǷ⽨ⷽˣǸһʯ񣬲һʯ֮ư
ȽϻެˣҲ뵽һҪ⣬ʵǰĴֻҪ٣ô죿
˿һۣвɵֹԼʵⱻˣѲҲȱ˺ҹˣ
תͷӣشýһǧĴֻ͢ǳͰյĴ
Ϊʲôѵܶôһ̲סڷˣǮͶһ㵽ļƻˣ⴬ҲҪԼĻǾͻкö
ʲûбʵòˣɱ֮ǰϲŭ̬ȵΪЩֻģǵ˱ҲҪһֱʹá͢ûЩֻϾһĴ࣬зĴһĿˡ
˵ưοǵһǿԷģٶİգ͢ҧӦĴֻ֤͵
ķұʵı֤ŵˣзİһ϶һĿˡҪٴѹ˵͢ṩԱĴ
ЩķȻ͢Ĵֻ̫ࡣΪǿ϶һެĴֻԷá
ӽʱȻˣΪʱ뵽һ顣ֻ˵һ䣬λүǮõĻȥĸн
һ԰ǸⰡԼôû뵽һǮܶЩˡ뵽˶ӽͶԸмĿ⡣
ʵ濴ӽһۣȻû뵽ʦϯ£𵽲©ȱá
֮ǹȻ׷ΪԼެԷڵԴҵóȨΪѺøжԼϵ׶ˡòߴϢĸʽͬʱҲǸռ츣ˡ
ʽֲõ£ӽĽ£ʼн׼ʣ´˼ʼԴԴϵг
ΪĽţҵıֽͨ⣬Щԭֱֽ֤ʼսȱ˲ֵҲΪմýϵһ󲽡
⣬ʵµһʥּҲ˹ؼãǸʼҷС
˺ʹʵòˣֿʼһˣĺ֮α֤˳ǰҪ֪в˵ģǲϣòеİ·ϡ


495 飨壩
ʵúã¾ɷġȸһ䰲οȻŽ͵͢Ѿڱذ޽Ͳ㣬Ա֤ǰĴֻܻòһ;ʧﵽС
ϵ̴ʱϸͼϵһЩȦĺȦȦʾЩطͽ׸˵ĴͲ㡣
Щ趨Ǹά飬ʱôģҪȵ泯͢ר˽кʵʽ
ά·߸պð˺˹Ӻ˵ĺߣЩҲǺ˹Ĵ͸ۿڡ
ȻΪںͺִĺٶȡʱĲͬҪȺ˹Ĵ͸ۿڶ㡣
ôط޽Ͳ㣬ǻ˰ɣе㻳ɵʵ
Ҳܹд˻ɣǸ˶ܿ⹤Բ١Ҫ˶ˣܲܳܵ͢ˣ㵽һͳܲס;ͣ߼ٴͲ޽
踣Ӳģ͢ȡ̣ﷸŵЩطȥ޽Ͳ㡣ʲôʱɣʲôʱػ֮ʻش
˹ôһһʡ
ȻôһЩﷸһĻᣬĵ˹⡣
˵ﷸͨߡа̡ɽеأ²ͬĲһЩ̶ͬȵػǰɻشҵ⡣
ʱ̲ҲиЩ˵˽Щﷸж٣׸Ļһ֤
˿ô࣬µ˾Բ١οЩа̡ɽһѵģһץһѡ
˭Ҳû뵽½ûж֮󣬴ķʼ١ú治սŲڳ̫ӡ
ЩͲʲôʱܽãʵ
Ļһ䣬شһ𣬲˵Ļ
һᾡ޽ϣ㣬ˮͽϵĸٶȻֽٶȿܶ࣬ʹõĴͲ㽨ɴŲᳬʮꡣ
ѭȥ˵ǹ
Ѿʶˮ̵ĵԼˮཨ÷ݣҲдˮͽĵ֣Ҳ֪˵Ļûм١
ǾެؽĶʵ̫࣬ǷҲʹˮࣿ
ûлش𣬶ǿ˳ʵۡ
е˶˳Ŀ⣬עе˳ʵ۵ϡ
ֻʵ΢΢һЦλԷģȾެ֮ˮ䷽Ʒ֪ǣ޳ʹˮ࣬Ǳ
һΪϲ׷л
ʵ֮ǰۼκ󣬾ѾṩˡֻԷҵĶɳʵ˵ûֱӻش
ʵЩǶлˣż˵ʲôҪٽģ
ǲ˵ҪЩͲ㶼֮󣬻仰˵ʮ֮ܶǰԷ΢üͷʵ
֮üͷΪʱе㳤
ʿԷͷǣҷ⽨֮£һ͡Ҫ׼͢ҲҪ׼⣬ٲ֪Ƿзһ㣿
еķҶؿʱʲżڵĸλ䶼ûгʮ꣬ǻھެʱ䳤ԭǵġ
ôһ˵ǻ࿴Ȼ׸˵Ȼȫˡ
Щǲ֪ʵ֮͢ʮµμλ̣˸ղ˵ԭ⣬Ϊᣬлг嶯ûбĥƽбҲ͸ܷܽҷ⽨֮ߡ
΢£ˣô󣬿ɴķҲܶ࣬ǿط˭ǲи˵
֮ǰ˵˭ȵõ͹˭ǽҪһǣɳɿάǰ̽һ֤͢ûƭǣѡĵطȵģެ󣬿ֱԼؽʡʱ䡣
˵춼е˵ˡҺðȵĹ滮˵òˡ
ǣ۾˺һźŹȥˣǲʲôҪģ
Щ˵ĻȷʵҪɳȥźá
ǻţ͢ôһΪǾެ֮¿ǣϣ޽Ϊķ
ʱĵھֵ£ûҪڣòˣͿʵۡ˼¶ˣǲǸɢᣬǻȥ׼ˡ
û뵽ǣһߵ˺ֿʼ˵ˣֻбҪѸλүһ㣬޵ĶŷֻһܵޣҲԡˣλүҲҪúĴ㡣
еˣûӽ˵ʲôʵ鶼˵˳ҪЩҺ¶Լĺöˮ׷ˣ


496 飨
ʵĵĲûеȻһЩر˵С掠ĴڣҪﹺķңɫһ±òҰס
ҪԼ˱ѷسˣˣ᲻һձأܰ˱
ֶ±ģԼԼЩԽԽ£ԽԽ룬ɫһ±ð׶ٰˡ
֪ķҼ˺˵⻰󣬿ЩݱǸӣѵЩ˺
ǵϴ󲿷¶ԥı飬мЩɫҰ׵ݴϢ
ڵЩĳҲ¶鿴ӽʲô飬ϾҪĴᣬʤĴˣ˺ôһţкö˲Ըȥˣó͢ΪѣҪǿȥ
ĳȻǳЩļɶԴΪǰ⿪ǲ뱻˵ǿȷǰ⣬ΪǿȵĻһʽš
ΨһһϵĳʵۣûбֳκβΪӽѾֻ뵽ʱȽٸĳõĻʱ͵ˡ
ֻӽһɵʵڵķҵеһЩǲǺ˵ĴԼòȥ˱󣬻ᱻժӣҲ
ûз˵û˻ɵ˵ԣǺ¡
Щ֮ǰ׵ķӽ⻰֮󣬲ԼЩΪʲôɫҰ׵ԭˡ
ЩȻ֮ǰûǴҲܹƳ˵˸ղŻһŴһҵҲ
͢ضӽۣȻд˵䲹ӽͱµôˣǴðŵķɻ˹ԹԵǵĻô
֪ķһԭҲûʲôˡ
Щ֪ķ䲻ҳԱ粵ȴڱӣ˼ǿ֮ĩˣȻ򲻹ˡҪҶǱսĻܴܲӮǣ
ʵЩֹĲ޵УʱҲǱӴս
Ϊеһ棬ôôֻ̫࣬಻ѡ
Ҳˣڻ㱨ҪɱԮද档
еĺ˾Ѿôˣ̨ĺڵõԮ֮ڲõĽͶԴԣֳ
ȻЩǺҲ˵
ӽ͢˵֮Ͻŵ˵ûʵûһЩôֻҪӦԵõƾڵ˵װǲҪö
ӽ⻰治ǰοңΪԺŹûе۽磬֪֮Լȱ㡣
ֻҪӦԵõƾڵĻˮƽ治ǡ
ӽʱãǶ۾˺˵ŷɡ
ЩĳˣɵҲж˺Ĳ׼ô˵
ӽҲûʧɵ˵ǰĻȽӦݷǹѾˡ
˺ʲôݷǹһæʵǳ档
ӽһЦȻתʵۡ
ʵ۾Ͷһߵ˵
ֵ̾ӡ̫෶ϴӺת˳ѻǹӽǰվס
ӽָŷеĻǹλݷǹǴҲѾƳɹڻڽһĽУ̫ʱ䣬װӡ
ˣǣЩĳǳ淶ŵĻ֪ݷǹʲôĶȽĻ
ӽʾ£еݷǹһѣĳһѣǹۿ
ͬʱӽһ߽ܵʵݷǹҲûʲô飬ǵװñ¶ѣʹû𡣡
ӽǽݷǹڻǹĺôȻ˵ȫʹݷǹҲûʲô˵ġΪݷǹͬꡢ³ÿӵٲû߶١ؼǣκ飬ֻҪӦԵõܶԸ
˵˸˵˵ްɣҪ޵Ҳףдģ˳֡˵ЩӡڰֻҪӦõɱޡ
ӽ⻰ûдţΪʷȷʵôһ顣
ӡڰں˶νӴΪһЩӡڰΪǴ̣̻󣬾ͱӡڰɱ˺ܶ˵Ķӵ㣬˵ľӣҲ˲١


497 飨ߣ
ӡڰսʤ˱Ƚİв٣һһ϶һһαİؾӡڰȫû
⻹һʮ±ĵڶŵսһǧˣûдﵽʹӡڰȫǨĿġһʥڵϮУӡڰ˶һʮ
ӽĻһ󣬵ǾĵغܰȻһЩ
кܴһ˾ӽˣӮˣԭʼӡڰȥԴӼʶ˵Ļ֮رЩˣǲš
ӽǵɫرǱ͢ɫýֺͷȥ¶ܲ³е뷨ҪǷֳϣʱѳԷˡ
ӽҲ飬ŵ˵ţûô£ֻҪɵƽԼѪ֮ȥײ˵ǹھС
˵֮󣬿͢˻һţָǽؼھ롣ֻҪˣơ
͢˺ʣǷ飬ЩҶ˺Ļסû˵
ӽҲٿ͢Եڵķҵ̾룬кܶࡣ죬ҹĻڻڻȵȣƽԭҲа취ģںƽ֮һ仰
ӽ˵ͣһ£ɨһڵڣ۽ǻ鵽͢ɫ˱仯Ȼż˵ͲսľأοڵĻûѹԵơֻҪԣԼ֮Ƶ̣֮Ǵʤ̵ĹؼҪء
ԭӽ´װлȴ򲻹ûлĽ²ϷӲ׵ûн
ΪӵĻǽһǳʿʺڷС
ⷬһ˵꣬һƬˡС
һȴ⣺˺˵Щȷʵе˵ϸھɰܡսϵ£ν֮壬ʧ֮ǧʤͲһ㡣˵ЩҵȸΪã
йӽȲûͨǡǱȽʵ֮ˣ̸ֽдһʡ
¹ϵڱǷ𷪹˵ڵҶСۣ˺ôش
ӽ˺΢΢ͷȻתʵۿȥڵõʾתͷشѶ׼ǻǵľָӹǰʦѵͬӪеȫӣҲ¾һѵһڽүղ˵⡣
һС۵ƣӽĻû˵꣬סЩ׼С˵⣬Ҳľֻ͢ѻǣеĻһǻҪô
һϢһæл
ӽһϽõһȥᡣ
ʵ۵лϺЦ˵Ϊַȹǰȥ֮ʱͼ۸ǣԲøʱ顣
һϲЦæٴл
е룬ֻҪø¼۸㶼ûϵȵ÷Ķгٵ㶼ûϵؼǰھõ㹻ĶȥؽҪģ
ڵϱһƬгл֮Сػཻ
ӽһ£߽׸ʣ˼䡣룬˵ͷȻ̣˵Щתʵۡ
Щĳأɵöе棬֪ڸʲô
ʵ˺󣬼ӽڿԼԼ͵ͷʾͬ⡣
֮ǰ˵̫࣬ɤеơǸղӽģʾӽ˵
ӽתЩǵλүղű¿ǵǿûͬľ顣ˣ½ᰲרоͬٴλѧϰ԰ǾõͬΪǵĳ񡣡
һֵúϲ£죬һʵл
ЩʩǰδţȴǺʵõֶΣԼԼѶȡ
ǲ֪ӽʺͳʵ֮Իѵ࣬Ǳ͢Ȧˣһӡ
Σô˵ĺô϶ȥĺôҪ˶ϣЩڱ˳
ӽûԤϵǣԼѵںΪǵĲҪձ˷ެ֮ǰһȫѵࡣ
һ󣬻δҪʾ׼ʵʾǷɢˡ
˭֪ʱӽ˵ˣﻹ㣬ұΪȽҪģ¸λү


498 飨ˣ
ӽⷬһ˵ڣϾڴʲôõѡ
˵ʲô֮ĻǶơ
һߣȦΪֹǳ䡣үһҪ׼㹻·Ա֤ǵľӺͳܻŵﱱΪǿ
ӽ˵˵˭ֻǰѴ˺󲻹ܣԼܻܲõĻ͢ҪܵġЩǶȥȴǱµμġ
ӽ˼ʵһϣ߱һյѪ֮·
Ҫǳзװ޺ūһѴյ˿ֱװ˴Ϳ۵ģΪӽԽܵġ
ʵҲӽ˵֮˵޲ϣʦ˵޾ġ
һæׯصر̬·ģЩҲǳĳ񣬾Իٻʯ
Ҳæ̬֮¡
˭Ҳ֪еû֮ǰ뷨
ȵھ󣬸ԥһᣬ˵˺ҵȷ٣֮֮ε
һ׷׵ͷ֮ɲһá
ǿͼѱʹһȽϣܵóǱߵΡ
һһײ٣ܲǵ˵طͻظһ˰ɡǱٱ˲Ųأ
൱֣һڵǰһ±ԼҪˡ
ǰЩĳӽܲܵõһ⡣
ӽȻûʧЦŵ;֪ע⵽ûУ͢ѾſɹŵĻУżҿڵĵ·ҲС
ӽ˵ЩʱѾ뵽ˣɹزʲôëƤëƤԭϡ
Щ뵽ɰԾԭ͢ͿʼˡҪ֮ǰӦ⽨Ļ˵ܻ͢ǿ
ʵˣӽĽ£һʼӺɹŵĻУֻǻڷֻ£Լɹ˶ľߡ
ӽڸղҲһ뵽пԴô
Ҳˣʵۺʵ˶ûӽ˵ʱ˲ɶͷŻеľǺôࡣ
ӽĻȻϵģʮʱȥ㹻ëƤ
˵ӽ˵һ;ڸղŵһӵĻϣȵˣȺǱߵ⣬ȡеëƤǱͻֱͻڴмӹﶼԡ
ˣⷨȷʵҲԣе㻳ɣ˿ʵ˺ȷǱҲдëƤ
ӽЦЦӡڰʽľëƤǲţά
ЩһûӦά˭㶫ؿû۹Աɣ
Һά˺Ϳ˵ǵĿⶼ˹ȥ˺Լǣϣһֱ·Ĳ嶼ȵëƤ
ǼȥҲ˵ëƤԴ·ӣܶһЩˡ
ʵӽ˵аٶ࿪УԱЩܻȡ
ôһȴǻϲЩʹõɹˡеëƤ۸ˮǴߣΪ֮ơ
Ȼɹ˿ʼܴĸݳƷʱȡͣҪó׾Ĵ˼дˡ
ȻЩݳƷɹеĴٲӽĻ֡
ںʱ򣬾ͺܸпŷݳƷ׬ǮֻǻһʱȵݳƷѡ
ǳЩ˵ŷˣóɱһп޵Ʒһʯ۱衣
֮ԻִŷԹŷݳƷΪٵˣŷ˱֮⣬˵ʷйء
һӽţٹֻᷴȫ˶ôݳƷΪ١
ȻЩǺˡ
ɹŲصõ˸ơһʵЩɹŲ壬ԶĮɹŲ壬Ҳ׷ʾãܻý׵ʸ
ЩĺôǴʱЩû뵽ģʱǣõѺˡ
ӽڵˣߵһǰ棬ҪϸȻ˵һ㣬й޵
ڵڵķңֻҪӽ˵Ͷֵúܰ´ʲôû


499 飨ţ
ӽȫĿע֮£ϸָŵͼ˵֪޵ΪģƴĽϵ
һĻ˵ֲ֣׷Χӽڵ硣˵ˣΧһȦ˵ıӰֻΧͼܵһʱ俴ӽ˵ĸط
Ļһ±Һأû˸
˺Σֳֻά򡣿ξͲһЧˣ˺ôõڰ
ӽҲַʽǺܺã̰ųһ뻡ΡԼָͼʱָܿĵطȻԼߵĵͼҲȷָеķҶܿ
ӽָõطȺط֣ũҪء
ǿ֮󣬾ͰУҪǵ˱󣬾͵һʱռݱĽϡ
ӽϸָź޵طΪֵǮΪطΪխҲ׿ڳһӴ̫ƽĺֻҪӵط͵ӵһ۱裬ǮǮԴԴϣ
ӽһǵ۾ϾͶ˵ͼаǲҪȳΪãҪǽϵأ
ΰϵĳʵۣΪ֮ĶˡðǲԼɱռǵ񲻶һԴ
Ҳôһ£ȻͰͷȥҪǺõطԼռˣôЩһһ㲻ûӰ⽨֮ߣǳʵԸ⿴顣
ӽЩҵ۾ЩطΪС
аһЦȰϸ̣Ȼ˵طǺã仵ҲԶ׼ġ
ʲôһһæ׷ʵ
Ϊ˶Եģλү֮䲻ûܣǲҪˣˡҲ鱦أ˵ھѾ׼طˡˣүռط֮ǰȵԼ׳ԲԵ¡
ӽⷬһˮõ˷ǵͷϡҲǣõطȻۺġ
ٷҿʼβԼʵԱܿס˹ǰ£ǰͷȥռ⼸ط
ӽĻеԥˣȻϱ޻вٺõطֻҲǵþˡ˵ϱޣкܶȵȿ
ӽ˵֮󣬱㲻ٹЩңԼȥɡ
Ȼ߻ԭλãʵһ˵ö˵ˡ
ʵ˺󣬰Ŀת׸ʡ
ʵɤӸղϢһʱ䣬Ѿöˡڿʵ۵ʾתԵڵķ˵˭⣿
ǴʱѾһйط⽨飬Ҹղʺӽ˵ҲȽȫ棬ǸǲûʲôҪʵˡ
ˣ˵֮ûһ˳
ʵһᣬ˵ͶԳʵ౨Խˡ
չٵĻȻǳʵ˵ˣ⽨һ£豣ܡ޻ɳŵģй´³ֲۣǾӦġ
ᶽжͽָʹԲ֪ʲôʱð˳ʵۻص·ģū澣һİ£
ʵ֣ͷ£Ȼ˵ǻȥ֮аԱǰʦ׼ǰһ̽飬ںʵʱ޻֪ͨǡ
ڳʵۻ֮ʽηʱ䡢ص㡢Լݺ屻ѧμǣΪÿδʷԶῼصݡ
ȻˣصСȴҪϵؿ
ӽĻͳʵ鷪ҷ⽨Ҫ顣
䣬ǰĴӰŵˣʵѯʡ
ѴӶϵ˲дĴֻҴԱļ洬һ𵽣ٵʦʵһȻش
ԴԱΪʣЩԱһȥ߳ʲô۶ӡ
ʵõͷǰ̽ʵ;ҪͲĵطǷúʣҪ̫Ĵֻ־ȼķҲǿԵġ׸ǵ˱ܡҳ⣬Ѿλˡ
뵽ͿӽʦͬǷо뷨
ӽһۣŻشʵ۵һЩ뷨´ǱҲᰲһЩһȺȺһЩƵĴʩ
ʵۡŶһʵ䣬׼ʲôˣ


500 ɨβС
£ǱӦúҴ˾еһЩࡣ˳飬ܶơ󡢴ѲԪµʥּϤ˾Ĺִ¡
֮ǰڸӽ˵ˣΪмƽϡ˳ʵһʣϻشˡ
˲ơʵһͬ
ӽҲһõͷв䣺£϶ҲвǲԸͬġԸЩòʲôĴʩܼٷǵѶȣҪЩ˿ΪãҲҪúо
ʵú⣬ӽʦǵȫ¸Ϊã
ܲ˵ڴ㶯ӣˡˣʵ۲Żдһʡ
ӽһ£ǺаգʵάĴգռϢɴ˵óĶԲ߲Żԡ
ʵˣЦ£Ŷӽ˵öȥ̽еİˣŲûϢ
ӢӽһһƨȥѵˮûǮɱʡ
ʵһ΢Цûиһӽ˺ʲôʱ÷ǰ¾ޣ
ʵһҲܹע飬Ϳӽ
뷨Ҫ¾ѵйʵս飬ٽһܽѵһ¾ʱ÷ǵ˹ޡӽ»ش
ʵˣӽϿҵ˵ʦ¾ֺͷ⽨һĪĹϵǧʧ
ӽ΢΢һЦش·ģ¾һжڰƻСݷǹҲƳˣ⳼ñ̾ṩֽӵװٶȣʽװ󣬱ܴչ
ʵ۵üͷһеϲʵʦˣֽӵǺ
Ҳ΢ЦӽԺˣϵظǴϲ
ӽͰֽӵʵۺʽһⶫûмһ˵Ͷˡ
ʵȤصʦ㰲£Ҫʽ;掠ĶԱ
ӽû˿ԥϾʹӦΪյʱ򣬸պйһʵԱȣЧܺá
һ߿˸˵ӣӽ˵Ļѵ˺ǾսʤĹؼء
ӽһȻؿʣе㵣ĵӣϱסЦݣׯصػش´˷ģСᣬȴǵ֮һעġ
ʼصͷȷʵΪΪȴ֮·
ӽתʵۣɫ΢еĵ˵£ˣΨһĵԶս⡣
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ӽģȴҲûаգʳųʵۣش
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ԽԽǳ˵ˣΪʷˣ˺Ϊ
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ӽʿжеļȽϺӦв١
ʱǳȶΪ죬滹һʵֻۣȥ۲ʵ۵ı飬˲²εļֻ˵Щʲô
ֻжߣеļչһһݵƽ̵ʵ۵ǰ
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502 ൽ
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ΪϾЩٻְõģûʵȨǾʦڸĸʵȨһоף϶Ϊ
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503 Ա֮
ĻڵļһһжϾͷӦˣЦʵЩӶǴϸˡ
ʵ۲ÿɷ񣬻ӻȥѼݳ
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ūּж۽Ǵһ˿Ц⣬æͷ
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жѼøʵʱ򣬳ʵתͷӽʦǶ֮ǰѣ򶫳ۻôõ֤ݡ
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ʵۿһԻӣ״¶Цݽ͵Ϊʦ֮ǰѣһֱ׷鸴һ£ɷ䱳߾ǸˡڶѲ鵽Ǹ߱ˣ˳ϡ
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һųʵӽһ߿ͷļݡ
һϸͳƣЩͷµʿӾ󲿷ǸԱ
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505 ׬Ǯ
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506 ַĶ
ӽһ㶼ںЦ˵ûϵֲôﵽһݵĹģ֮ǰҲ˵ֻҪʮʡʡоͿˡȻˣطҲУȻ͸á
ʵ¶˼ӣͽһ˵ֽķУһʼԸЩܼĵط¥꣬ùݿջѷһʱ䣬Ƕϰ˱ֽٿʼշѡֻҪ۸ǹףЩطȻ򡣡
ʱȳʵ۸Ϊ˽˺˵Щط
ûжʶֵˣЩطʷɡʷűֽ˿һΣҪ⻨ѶٱǮЩסꡢԷĹ˿һ۵Ļ⣬Եһֲ档
˺ⱨֽеĹģۡʹˣٶȾͻϺܶࡣֽĻٶȻ۸ҲӸ߲¡ҪЧӰ졭
ӽԽԽͿʵʻ´ˣȵȣ˵ôסʲôٶȻ۸Ӹ߲£
һְָͷ˵㿴ھʦֽʱ򣬾ҪͶٳдȳ˺ٿַʮʡȻҪٳϹ
ȵȣȵȣ´ˣΪʲôֹİӽֵʵ
ۡôôʵ⻰Խ˵ԽԼִˣȻϲӡˢҲҪ͹̺ܾá
ӽʣȻʵ´ˣǲû˯ã
һһᣬ΢еεʵ˺γԣ
˵֮̾˿ӽش𣬾ͽ͵Ϊ˽֮ᣬϷͺܾãȷʵеۡ
ԭЩһֱΪһҲû˯ãһֱȽϵġ
ϳɹ֮һľƣ֮ӿ
Ϊ翪ܽᣬûж飬ǱȽɣҲ԰ʱɢûȥϢ
ûֳϾ䣬ֽƣӽţ˼άת䡣
ʵϷԸж׸һʣ㶫ı˿Ҳ׸ʢһ롣
һϽл
ӽҲǵʵ壬˵´ˣϸϸ˵ţ˵֮˵Ҳʡġ
ʵӽ˵ַԸжҲӽͬλĹ֮ɲһ
ôæһӽż͵ֽŰ֮󣬾ûӡˢⲢѶʱͱǮַʮʡҲûӡˢҪٱֽС
ۡһֱֹдķʽģӡˢۡʱ䣬ʷڳʮҲſʼġڱӽôһ˵ֽ˻ӡˢۡҲһûӡˢˡ
ӽ˵ͣ£ֶԳʵ˵ٽԼɱģڱֽӡһЩ̼ҵĹ棬ȡһķá
棿ʵһʡ
ǣӽϸϸһ˼Ȼ˵ҪԵĻɵĹͿԷڱֽϣø֪Ӷ
ʵˣ΢һ²˵֮ȷŷŰɣȱֽһʱٿ
ӽԴ˷ν̬ȣʵô˵ôˡ
һ㣬ѵ£͢ⱨֽһ󣬳Զԣ϶Ƶıֽ
ʵ۵ͷûӽ˵⻰Ŀģʵʦ˼ǣ
Ϊֽ۵Ĺܣ˳飬Ҫ౨ֽ뾭͢׼ܰ졣ͽٸˣ޲ݺܷ
ӽ˵֮󣬺ȻоԼԺ󱻴ַĶ󡣲ڴʵбҪȵԺۿƺˡ
ʵõͷӽ¿ǵúȫ
ӽǳˣʵúܶཨ飬ʵǺѾеĶֱհȻжٴ©
˵Ͳˡ
ӽԭ˵˵Ա飬֮ǰʵѾжȥԱ;ȿĽ֮˵
ʵۼӽûٲģͶӽ˵ʦֽһȷʵҪʵʩͷдݾްȥ
ǣ¡ӽӦһ
ʵۿʣĵʵǷʲôҪô
ûҪġҡҡͷ
ãλͶȥϢɣҲ۵ˡʵ۷Ը
ʵҲͬУΪһʵ̫ҪˣһֱܽšиƣвɱĻ֡
ʱԸΥ˳
ʺӽվ׼лǡִ˼ҴҵؽŲ
ڼﴫ˰Ｑ˰ɣ
Ǽ˲һ㣬Ա֪ʲô顣


507 ӦԪ
һ󣬵ڼ˶¶ЦݣǶˣǸϢ
ûһᣬʵһ΢ЦؿжȥתĽݱһ߿һߵͷòִҲǿԵģٳɶ࣬һߺöˡ
ӽʶɿ΢Цŵسʵۣ泩Ҳоˡ׻˵˷ϲ¾ˬϢƣҩ
֮󣬳ʵ۰ѽݱжתӽʿ
ȻЦ˵²ڳʵʩв塣׷Ⱥ𷴿˳ʵĽ²һݺݵش
ܴʤսӽе⡣Ҳ¬ʲôˣĩԼܴ۾ˣûµˡ
ʦ¬仹ڽݱἰҴȥˮʦ£ô
ӽδݱʵôһ˵һ£Ȼеʵ£ʲô
ʵ۳ӽеĽݱͷȿɣ˵
ӽΣֻȿнݱ
ڿ֮󣬰ѽݱݸʣԼӦԪ
뵱ӦԪȥˮӪͳ죬ʵԼ˼
ӦԪ˼Ǿˮս֪ʶѾ߱ˣһûж֣޷ʵս´ֻΪ֮ãսٵÿΪ˷ֹԺһдսʱˮս϶Ķȥʵϰ
⵹ҲҲӦԪԼǸ֪֮ˡԼȥȷʵûпȫ
ӽ뵽̧ͷʵۣڿԼ֪ǵԼ£˵ҲеľţȥĥһΪá
ӦԪˣʵ۵Ƿǳ͡Ҳ˵ӽӦԪʷϵ¼ھ֮սУֻԸԼһǨܿǸ̤ʵصʵͽ졣
Ҫһ㽫죬ӦԪ£˵ԼĲ㣬᲻װҲҪǸλϣҪΣյĵطȥ
ˣӽ˵֮󣬳ʵҲͬصͷҲôģˮʦԳ걻֣֥ܺ佫춼аĺʱѣûһ˿Գ͢ġæڱս£ʱûչǡڼȻҴԸȥð޿ŵ㶫ˮʦ
ʱҲѾݱˡ
ӦԪˣûӽͳʵô˽⣬ûӽϵڣСھʦ㣬Ȼһ㽫ġ
ˣҲͬҲͬϡ
˶ӦԪͬ⣬ôһְλˡ
ӽڴʱˮʦ˵ô˽⣬֪һ㣬Ժ֣֥¡
ˣ֣֥ĺսɵȥѧһ¡
ʵд⣬ͷ˵ƽӦԪˮʦβν޿λ֣֥
ӽе㵣ģ֣֥ǻûһ˿֮ģֹĺʲô˲ˣͬ岻ͬ壬ݲݣֻҪʲô鶼ܸɳӦԪҪǹȥ᲻ᱻˡ
ʵۿӽ¶ǵ飬Цӽ˵˵ģʦǵýָ֪ͬôһϸǰˮʦǱˡҪʱ򣬻ﵽҴӵġ
ӽһתΪϲͺá»شӢʱ˶֣֥˵
ʵ۵ͷ˵֪
ҪסϾƵĻֻ͢Ҫһʥּ֣֥ǰʦסͿʹ֣֥
֮һֱôǵ֣֥ȥöغ붯ҡ
¾ʱôˣʵݱϵһ£Ͷӽ˵ʦЩǰɶȻǸ÷ӡɱ²Ҳˡ
ЩũУұͻ¬
ӽ˵һ㶼֡˵Լйգƾʷһ죬ʵۣûǲܵġ
ֻϰ߳ɱǰһߣձ²;ɱˣ㲻áˣ¬ƾ£Ҳëдȥ²С
һҪûֵͲǰͲġպ¬Ҷ¹ˣɱйƶӽ㡣
£սʤڳʵƲĽ²֮ˣԿ֮󣬿϶ӦԲߣѾ̨СΪáӽ
ڽ²ľڵڵļ˶ӣҲսܣɶĴúɽôãҲո
ʵ۵ͷ޻һ¡
£Ǳ߶Σӽ̸ŵҲǱߡһһӦͬʱУκһܵѹ
ʵһüͷ΢΢һ壬ҳһ£жתӽһ˵޶ʦķԲ⣬ѹһЩûΣ


508 Ҫȳ
ӽõڵ¿˿ڵĲԻǵݽѹ²ռ䡣
дҪһ޴ӳǣֻҪӳǽãͶһݰȫЩҰķ֮ؾͿԿѳҲܼᳯ͢ĸ
Уرᵽˮ޽ι̣ٶȸ졣
ӽҲԣڹԼŬ£ӦҲ֧ƻ԰ԭǮƻϾʱûдģĴ㣬һۿڳ
ʵΪʲô⣬ѹ˺öأ
£ʣȴҡʾ⣬ȻѾ֪µݡ
ǣͻһߵжȻʳʵ۵£ⷨҲף֪ΪαҪѹأ
ʵۼӽûף͸͵ǰߣδйͽ²Ұսȡʤս£ȲѣҳǡһҪǴӳ޽Ϻ󣬽²ΧȻɱһߣɽأôһƬѳǰװױ˽²
ӽһ룬ʵ۵ĻҲûеʷϺ޺ú󣬾ǱΧġ
תһ룬ʷѾԼıˣҲһٻ
ʷϣ²´ӳҲǶԱȫΧ˺ö£ֱûŴġ
Ǹʱǲõĵһߣõĺ󷽿顣
ڲһˣ˵²Եĵģڶһĵġ
Ϊڹ棬ֻزȴƵƵý²Աʳʧ١
ӽ뵽ʵ˵֮Ǳ֤ҲҰս֮ҪʱɱȥɧŽ²ܹƾǳؼأôͿͬԳΪ壬ǰѹ²Ŀռ䡣
ʵӽĽ飬һ³Ĭ˼ʧ
Ъһ󣬾öˣҲ˵˺ǵݽ䱣գѾ޴Ҳɲǰɣ
ӽһת˵´ˣȷʵǸߣֻҪЧֹ²ٶ£ֵõġ˵ЩǮҲǰ˶ѡ
ʵ˼ţҲӵ˵
ʱһӽĻеʵʦΪ˵ǵǮֻǰ˶ѡ
ӽһʵʻתͷ͵£֮ǰѾмƻҪͲվǴӺΪ㣬ʡȴʰ뵺һκ·ô½֮·ҲҪ㣬ҪǡˣӳҲԵ;ĲȽ˰ɡ
ȻӽͲǺŷؿĻҲͰɡ
ʵ뵽תͷʣѯ˼أ
ʸղҲһֱڿǣʵ𣬾ͻش£ͬһ֤гǳкͽ²Ұս֮ͬ롣
ʵۼҲô˵ͬˣ޾Ͱ˼ظʦˡ
Ҳ˵һҪ֤͢ȻŻõѣֹ֧͢һˡ
꣬ʺӽڿԻؼϢˡ
ӽ߳Ͻǣյſʱ˰ٴʸһŵǵʹүš
ӽе֣תһ룬ΪӦԪļţЦŽ˹һȴҸСš
ЦŽйԼǵ常ˡ
˵꣬ŵݸһϲС
СһʱѧϰԼдˡ
֮־ϲĽ޵常ɱôཨ²ˣʲôʱҲ常һսΪͺˡ
ӽЦЦ˵ȥӪлÿ˶дţ常ȥҲ㱨ǵá
С˵ȥӽ΢΢ͷΪֶǰ;һƬȴȻԵرֳԵײ常Ļϲ⼸Ӳ
ӽҲӦԪдһţ˵˵ˮʦעע֣֥ˡ
˵ɶ²¬ɧ£ʳȱѾֳˣԺūԭʳϿʼٴơ
ʱں鷶ĳ̵ĸϴãŹϵ˵Ҫ֪լʺǲܳԵñů
ʴȣūŸмġеһϻӦ
ΨΨŵŵϺҲ˵ȴС
ĳصͷȻ˵ǵı֣ҲȽ⡣ʱĻƾͲǸˣиҪǡ
Ǹղ̧ͷĳ̣ʾ¾ܷԸūһȥ
Ϊ֮ˣҾ͸һʢȥ̽з֮ū
ʵƴһһϲʵ洦߶
͹Լ˸պñū̫Ϊ⳥ʹ͸˷ĳ̣԰οĳɥĸ֮¡
ǵǷĳҪĵģҪǱԳūţԼһһҡ
ƽʱڽ²ǰūžˣڼοǿٵġ


509 ܷĳô
ƴֺͺ˳ʢҰȥ
һ·ϣ·һ󣬹ڰ಻סҪ˰ɣܻشȥ
УһûҵҸ硣ƴǰ棬˵ͻͷ񶨵
ֵܣΪּˡҵ˼ҵһܣôһһưĴ磬˼˵
ˣÿնûظﱨ˵ƾȣܳ²ĿҡͷȰΪܲʵ
ôأÿǷװӣжһôֲؿӵ
ƴͷֿ˹һۣ¶ɬصװӣװöôǲԸֺǷÿζһȥžڡ
һĬ֮ǰǿŹֵά˰Ƕӡ
ǿƴıϥжһ졣
һᣬӿʵҪҵ磬ôô
ƴȻйǣشӵҾ˵ڣ÷ȥѴ˵
ʵҪȥ˽²ô죬һЩڵô죿ҡͷá
˵䣬ǱϵһСͻȻҰҲУ׾ǿ
һƾͣצطһᣬҲȥϵʯͷǣŰܡ
ӿȺҰ֣̾˿ǳԹ⣬ųˡ
ƴҲ޺޵صͷûһҪǿ硣
˵֮ʵӣ˵ô죿
ӳĬһᣬŻشʵҿǲʵġɶ²ɱǧ޼˫ȣȱٳʳǲܵģֻһϣ
ѷץܣһ̲סͷ뷨˵˳
ƴ⵨ĽһҲУ
Ĺ򲻵ֻͣ²Ķ֡Ҳҡͷϡ
ʲôҵļͲǱ²ɵǱɱˣֻҪǿ׼ʱ֣ܳɡԽ˵Խġ
ƴҲǺ޳ɣԹ˵ҪˣʵǷšöദطǲܽǳѰ֮ˣȴֻһͳʳٵĸÿջظ֪
һ̾˿ⷨӵǰǷΣûз²ſܳɹ
ҵ֮ˣݹͣпܻΡƴϲһ䡣
һֹջû˵ڡΪûп
ʱ˵ͷϣǰвڵĺڵ
˻࿴һߵĽ²๤߹ȥóƣͷ˵ɣͬ󣬾Ⱥ񣬴úѯǷ֪˭ڡ
ߵýˣƴȺ˶ƤͷһϢӣȴó޵۹⿴Լˡ
ε̾˿ӻͳԼǷݳʳȻ˵˭Ҫ֪иư䣬ݳʳ͸
Ⱥ˵۾˲תʳ棬һضšϧû˵˵Ƕ֪ưϢ
һ߿ȺˣҪԼһ᲻ͼֲס²˵ԼȥڳԵģ
һε뿪ȺˡߵýԶʱ򣬶ĺȺ˵ʦ֮գȺ֮ʱ
ʦʤ֮£ѴɶˡͻȻ˵
תͷӣеΪʲôͻȻ˵⻰
ǣӾͰѸղ˵˱顣һߵƴˣȻ˵ֲý²Ҳ֮ˣԭ˶һʦϣǺūҲңΪȽϽӽū
һаͷǷϣ
ɹӵĴģ֣Ŀʼ޲Ϊʤ̵ԭ
²ţ´ǧ²̸²ĺūˣϢҲѸٴ˿ɶЩһϣʦյ
ϣڣ֮ĵĺ˶²ԼϣԼڡ
˲ԼͬվסӣڵϷźʱܿǻսۡ
ǰʱǶٵƲЩͷڣȴޱǳ֡
û뵽ǣɶūϣڲõԺȴݺݵشһΪʤֻ꼻һ֡
ƴͬһ˺ö죬ȴһֱûдϢ鲻ɵ˵͹ȡ
ʦĳˣȴպΪ鴦ڵ͹ȣǺЦš
Ц֮˵ЩʿȻҶϹϾһֱʼٸħ
ҡҡͷȻ˵ү˵°ɡ


510 
ӽЦЦԹ׵ϼ˵Щʿͬ⵱㵼Σǰŷˡ˵ǰûȥҪ벻ȥŷǸʲô
ϼòǺף˺Ļм˵ǳȥŷһˡ
Ҫ˵˺ݣǰʵġ
Լݵ΢ñֻ̬΢Цſӽȴġ
γʹ󣬱Ҫȥ鿴Ƿʺϴ̡ʵ֮ǰѾ˵һΣ˵һΣһҪμǡӽ֣ص˵
֮͢˺ܶྡྷγʹ֤ʹ֮ء
ϼæվүģ񡭡¹һʹ
ϼȻѧʶĲɶУҲǳȺŶϡ
ڳ͢һΪһĿƷѲרѲ֮¡
ƽʱϰԳƲȻ˹٣Ǻϰߡ
ӽҲΪ⣬ʾϼ£Ȼ͢Ϊγʹһ£ּҤһԹ֮á
ϼһգգ۾е㲻⣬ֻʵүʹҲ񣿡
ӽͷЦŵԣǴĴرǾľǳܻӭ۸񰺹˶ӵһ״Ϊ١
˵˻ỰѮеڸɡӽ豭һڲ裬ɤӲż˵㵽֮ȡȥߡÿһң͸ع״ôĺôж
˵ӽָָһ˺͹˲ֶ̡֮࣬Ҫʲô׶ˡ
һָ˵ÿһأͿԷų˭һ˻һԽر֮ǰǼҵôԽҪ˿Ҳû⡣
ٴ㣬ҡͷ
˺ʱҳļΪѡⲻﻻôƱ˽˳
Ҫ֪뾡óףԻȡ˿ܻӭĴͳƷ
ҪͨôһЩ˵̰ôܲԹ͡
ӽ˵󣬻ָϼ͵ôʹİܴһҪͣô
ϼҲ߹˽ˣӽѾ˵ôˣ᲻ˣȭص¹ס
˵ﰵһۣ˺Ϥ
ӽ˵£ֶϼ͵;ĺеҲҪ֪дռǣֻǵòص㣬߸ɴдݣһд㰮дģһдҪġ
ϼ͵ɫ΢£վȭصүˣϼǴϼͣΪԱԵΪΪȡ
һͷϼ͵ĿҲһ͡
ڴĹԱ˲࣬һҪƾٳˣǶԹõˡ
ӽŲԼôһı䣬Ժһݡϼμǡ˰ɣ
ЦŶϼ͵޷޷ֻҪȰҪĸ¼ʣʱҲдд;ķ飬滨ݣ֮ģһĻᡣ
ϼͼӽô˵ˣʹӦ
Ϊӽϼ͵켣˸ı䡣дġϼμǡԭʷͬΪ
ϾΪڣ¾ΪʹšƾϼҲ°뱲ӹ⿿Ѿʳǣ
ӽеǸضϼ˵Ϊг̰еûʱؼҸˣҪֱǰȻ󵽰ŻϵȺĴʿһǰ󡣡
ϼЦЦ޷¹پһĲؼһΣҲǳˡ¹ͻؼң赣ġ
ӽˣеʵʦˣΪʲôʲô㣿
¹ү֮ǰѵʦգ㼣鼰ʦιĿĵΪ˾㣬Ϊ˺
ϼ͵ĻشӽΪԾͬ¶Ȼתͷϼ͵Ϊң
ϼһ֪Լû˵ӽˣϽ͵Ϊ˺ˮΪ¹ƵĶڽ˵˺ˮԺʦ
ӽһȤˣѵѾԼˮˣԼôû˵͢˺Ҳûἰ㡣
ǣʵƵĶ


511 ģ
¹һɽ¼ƵĶϼͻش
ӽһΣԭƳˮࡣ
ϼ˵ڻɽǿ϶ˣȻˮĳɷҪǻɽҺʯңڻɽܻС
˺վ˵˽Ҫ˵һЩȻѧ֪ʶ֪ȱʲô鼮ҾͲˣץʱ̰ɡ
ϼһӽ׼ˣվС
ûʱ䣬ӽͳڱ̾֡ĿģҪݷǹĿǰʹûǹĶԱϰ֮¡
˵˺Ͻӭ˳
Ϊݷǹһ£ȻǵԭְȴƷҪǣʵ۶⣬ס
һЩʵΪ˺Եʡ˺Ǹмڼӽڵúܡ
׼ôˣӽһʵ
ճʵ˵ҪԱʵ󣬾֪ͨˡѾȥգϼͳʹҲѸ㶨ܹŴˡ
үģһж׼׵ЦŻش
ãݷǹѴ˶֦ӽһڷߣһʵ
İʮ֦ˣͷͿԽںүشֲһ˺үּۼҵıֲ̾˲ĹǹٶȾˡ
Ǿͺáӽصͷٶȷʵԣ¾õݷǹѾ㹻ʹˡ
¾һҪĻӽĵʵǸķɻˣûкϸõģ
ϰǲҲָĽķɻȫӦò˵ˣ϶Ϊߣǲ֪̺ȾʽɻΡ
һСĵػشүа¾ˣǸʱͿˡ
ӽһվסŲŷȵʵʲôȥôûûпʼڣ
Ϊڿ϶ˣܺϸʲߣԲдһʡ
Ϊ֮ǰ֮սʱĻʱ֪ڵķƷʲ͡
û뵽ڹȥˣȻûʼڡ
һӽĻǲڵ̡
ת˸һӭүߣۼҴȥ̡
ӽһָķȥ͸͵үھĹҲҪôʱģؼģߵɣǳҪ
ӽͷһۣû˵
һԺӺֻ⴦ԺﶼͤڣͤŲͰ״ģ
ǰӽһͤȻܵڱģĴͨղĵطɡһ࣬ĻҪʱˣ²ȡ
˵ӽüͷһĲ⣬˺¶ۼϵΪۼҲ
ǣԭ΢еͦͦӽ͵ү֪ܲļģȫɾڵĻûõġ
ʱڵĹԺ˵쵼ˡϽĻƣӭӡ
µ˶վʮಽԶĵط񣬾˵øˣģø͸УɣʪһҺɵĻھзѣĻڼըš
ЩǼԼ쵼˺Ūרҵ֪ʶŵͷ
ҲƨΪΪԼ쵼û˵
ÿһڣģôƲȡڡÿһŻڣһµģүԷģٹ֮ô๤ڣģԴԴϵسʱҲܲϵˡ
ǲ˺ˣְοӽˡ
˭֪ӽüͷʵȻģҪ֮ʱ䣬ƷҲߣΪʲôģߣ
һ㶣˺ʲô˼ѵǶԼղŵ̬Ȳ⣬ʼͷˣ
뵽ǸֱͦϰԵ΢˵㣬ӽ͵үģڿԹŶˣôɵѽ
ӽһ͸ǲˣôֻ֪ѭؾɣ˵ǰôҲܣôҲܡģڵЧôͣƷֲߣͲŸĽĽʽԣ
˵֮а̾һ䣬ȱ֮ʿ඼ѭؾɣ֪¡
ӽ뵽ֱǰЩǰʵǴģ֮⣬ʲô취룬˭ҪܸĽ֮͡
Щ˵͵߷ͼ͵͢þͻео˭ҪܸĽ֮ģͿԽооԱ
оһڹдˣرˮࡢǱߵĹ뾡Լܽо
Щ̾ڵĹȻҲ⣬ӽôһ˵۾ʱˡ
ӽһͼһѻ𣺡ʲô뷨˵˵ûϵֻҪ˷Ǿǰ;ģ
ӽĺ棬˺ǳɣ
ɾʱȺȻһֻ֡


512 
ӽһֵλʲô뷨߰취ģ
һϽóһͨʹ˺ֵܿĹȻ󶼺ؿλоȻа취
ֵĹе㼤ɫԺ죬үҴܶũ춼ģӣ˵Ҳģӡ
һҲ˲˺ӡ̫ڳ䡱һ۷׷
зԵأҲ޳ɵأżʺĽֳʱҳһƬ
ӽĹ˰ٴһǰȵүǰ
ʧͳ治ÿǣҲǰһۿЩ
˰ٴôһٿӡ̫ජǣֳϾƨŵ˶ʹţʱ졣
˰ٴ氲ˣֳֵվӽ
ӽʱż˵ҲҪңһ˵㣬ԣղŵ뷨ܺã˼·ٸҽ
ղ׳ģڵĹͬһ֣еңٱͷһе֣̿ڼ˺ɫض˵㶨񡣸Լũģľ飬ϸϸظ˺
ڿʼʱֻΪӽĹһ˵뷨
ӽ͵ĹУԽ˵ԽаգԽ˵ԽԽ˵Խš
ӽùע⵽ԽԽĹڰͷǵ۾עǸڽĹж¶Ľ֮ɫ
ӽȻרҵ֪ʶףһµ֮ˡ
û뵽ǣһǴʷֵüһ죬ʷᡣ
Ϊһ쿪ʼڼʼ硣ӽû뵽Ϊһ뷨һһʮһˡ
ԭʷϣҪһһ꣬ɹ뷢ģڷŷҪʮ꣬ɶ˷
ʵҪļֻһһ㴰ֽѡģڻѴڣǻԹűе켼֮һ
ʷϣ֮ԱҲΪƶͱ㴰ֽʱӢѻƬսϷڵѹɳΪľսʧܺĽѵڵĳ֡
Դ̾ЩļӦõϼֱ׾֮¡
ӽҪ󷶿ԸղλΪ׵зŶӣϿʼ飬ȡи
ȻˣΪ֪ģյĽΣΪһԭȵģȻҪС
Ǹ۹ˣҲӽһӹǵ̬вԼҪˡо£ǳؿʼŴ¡
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Ϊ¾ʽеʹǰиֱ۵ӡǿǵģӽȡóʵ֮ͬ󣬱ù˰ٴ¾ȫԱϰϣظжӹĦ
ʵ۲ûиųֻᳵӵ̾֡
ᳵӣһ㣬ֵ̾ӡ̫Ӧôſڹӭ
ǣſڹӭȺУȴûӡ̫෶˺֣ӽϤȴųʵ۵ȥϰڵĹ۲̨ϣһʹ˸Ͻȥҷ϶ˣ̫໹ûµԴô
ʵ۵Ҳã֪ӡ̫ûȴҲûڹ۲̨Ͽ¾Ȼ볡
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һ󣬳ʵ۷Զ¾֮£Ȼһվţɶӽ˵ʦ޿¾ľͺܺð
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ӽһ㲻ֳʵΪʲô֪ЦŻصǴԼģֻǹһ¶ѡµ֮ΣĽ
ʾ⼸ϢָѺܲӽĻҲǿЦ˺һֵǧ𰡣
ӽһе㲻˼ǫ鼸ʱ̾ӡ̫෶һĺҴҸϵ۲̨ǰū澸ñ¾õˣūиϢҪ¡
ʵ֮ǰԷӡ󲻴ôƳݷǹʱΪеӹ԰ˣѵһ£ȴ˷һ仰
ǣҲֻһƽʵкκϢ
̧ͷʵ۵飬Χжı飬һҲ£һЦݵ˾䣬üϾ¶һϲݡ


513 ǻ׷
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ʵҲûǣڷڵ£ڵֳ
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˵򵥣Ҳӡڳÿ˻ڵ̡
ʵ֮ЦŶ⹤ѵӦ˺˵ӣڶԴĹ޾ͷΪǹڲʾá
ԭӽӦ⹤еоѾǳˡڳʵ۽ԣֱӸ˸
⹤˲ɵΪԼΡ
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ǹʱγѣͨһڵأ˵ֻͷʾԼĸм֮顣
ϵĹһͷײǽôԼӵءƽʱȴΪѴ˷õϡ
ӽʼе㵣ı˻ᷴһתͷĹ١
ȴʺ͢Լĳ룬΢Цؿ
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ӽ֪ǣںʷУӦǡ칤оἰ£ְĹ޲ڻϸãԱһɳ졣
ʱп㣬Ͳᵣˡ
ʵ۽ÿλڵĹһһЩٺһ㡣
ڷ֮󣬳ʵֶԷ˵˷Ϊ׵Ȼܣ˿й¶
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ٿǷиĽ֮ء޽ȿݷǹҲҪһĻڡʵٴ
˵֮󣬳ʵ۷Ըڼϰתһ£תԷ˵θĽö˺ҪҲûⱾܸЩ
ǹڲмؿ˺ֹȥӽͷ
Ҳһ߸м˵ӢҪ˺ū澺ū澵Ǿ벻ڵġ
ӽڳʵһ仰ǹлģ㿴˳ʵһۣһЦؿԼеεʼ硣
ǻ׷棬´ôֱ׵˵಻˼


514 ݷǹ
ʵ۵»صϰĹ۲̨ʱǰʱ֮ˡ
һڴºͲԶ׼ۿȴȻ¾ʿһˮȻһȴûٺˮ
Ȼ뿪ϰʱڣ㵽ȥˣ¾ʿȴûж
ԭʵ۶¾ʿĿ佱չӽӵ˼ȴˡ
¾ʿ˾ͣÿ棬֪һ֧ǿˡ
ʺ͢Ҳ㣬׷׳ڿ佱
ӽǫţȴϾ¾Լĵһ֧ӣȻܺãԭǾˣôĶ˼Եʡ
˺һϰͨﴫȥ
ϰмֲͬĶԱȡҪԱȲΪԶȷ̶ȡ
һݷǹֽӵеĻǹԱȣ֮Ϊױ飻
ݷǹֽӵͻǹֽӵԱȣ֮Ϊұ飻
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ûжʱ䣬ϰͽˣұר˻㱨۲̨
ԱԵǼױ飬ݷǹȻǹٿһࡣ
ԱĲ֮ұ飬ݷǹȻǹһңԭûֽӵƣݷǹƻҪٴΰ
ԱǱ飬Ϊװ˴̵ǹװӵһѶȡ
ϣݷǹȻǹҪԶһ㣬ҲҪһЩԭǻǹ֮ǰʹõģݷǹȴϸ´ģǹҲȽϳһ㡣
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͢Ȼڴˣȫͨѵ⡣
ӽ֪̰͢ԼȻڸʵ۽͵һʵҲҪǷϨ⣬ĲãҲձġΪҪսǰ͵ȼսϾõĻȼ˵
ʵõͷûӽе˺ϲı顣
ӽٿˣҲǲı飬֪⼸˶ûϹս֮ˣ֪Լ˵⼸ʵǳؼ
ǣֽ͵£⼸쿴С£浽սϣӰǾ޴ġ˵սǹе֮ĶԱȣ֮ϰҪһ
ʵŶݣתͷ͢ٻعͷӽ˺ͱ֮ĲͬʵΪһϹսһûϹս
뵽ʵ۶Աְλµÿ
ӽ֪ԼղŵһͣټһЩԭյ͢ȥְ
Ǳ߼ʵ£ϰҲб¶ĿǰݷǹҪĽĵط
ʵһŶһæʵθĽ


515 ־ս
ӱпݷǹװ˴̵֮󣬶ٶӰװٶȡ
ӽ˵һ£Ȼֽ͵֮ǰѾˣֻΪʱ̾òЧĽ취Ҳͽˣͨѵܼװ̵Ӱ졭
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ӽͷش˵ǡ˽ǰװҩֻô̵ˡҪװ̵ٶҪǳſԣȵ˳嵽ǰˣûװô̵Ǿġȴ㣬ֻһʼװˡ
˺
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ӽЦһ£Żشʵ۵ղſʵ飬־ѵٺãҲչ黹ӰġĿǰΪҪؾ٣һǹ˾һݽӽĻᣬҲͻһʤ㡣ͨѵпһӰ첻ԣӡʮӡСʱأӰʹˣ
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ʵӽһ˵֮Ҳָԭ򣬵΢΢ЦⱾԼԭ֮һǧйǡ
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Դӻصʦ󣬾û꣬ĩĺ治Ǵġ
ӽһ£еΪĺ鷢رпˮ٣ׯڵճӰܴ
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첻ԼܸıģΨһľɶһ㵽ڵأެũзҪӿ죬ҲҪ⽨⣬ڳҲһЩ
ٶʩôƴ˰ɣĺ˶ʤ죬ĩⲨ֡
ĲϣũУũ췴ɱپǱɱ˵öǻĵԪ
ӽһţһоȥ֪Ӧǿ϶Ǳߡ


516 ı
ˮӪͷһشʱʱشһɺζ
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ӦԪλĶͷ˾˵ʶദʱ仹һ꣬ȴѳΪѣͬͬۡ
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¬󣬳˴ֱߺ·ȥˡ
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Ҫ˵һ㶼ںսѵķֱǲܵġ
ԭƤͽָӶԽ²ɧս֪Ϣ˻ӦԪС
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ϵս£¬侲ҲȻҪȥġ


517 ϾƬ
ʦΥ׵罻òΪ֮ϲ
ÿȥҲ죬ûжʱѵβһ˿˿ϸβ
ˣȴȣϢúܶ˵Ϊ֮һ塣
Ҳ˲ûܵ仯Ӱ죬ﻹһŽӦǡ
ʵ벻ӦǱһϣڲоһ͸龰ӣҲϢһ¡
ҲǸߵ˺ģһ˼һŵʱ򣬲ͣϢһ£ٻ˼·˵ͻн⡣
Ӧʵ÷ǳΪ˺£Ӻ΢û
׬ǮûҲǷǳֻҪϵƥԭϲͣ飬һġ
΢˺˵ǴһŵԿסһոµ磬漰ȴΪԼٳûгɼš
˺ҲûƭˣĿǰѾ΢оܵõ֤ܶණŴһǴʶ
ⱶʵ̫ͣȴš
˺ָ߱΢֮һֱؼǾƬ
۶ôĹĥľƬ
ӦǸԼľ֪ķҲһһ͹鲢ʵȴûиĽ٣һֱͣͲǰ
̣Ӧǵֿʼʹ²µεˮΣһġȻԼϲˮĴ̼£ӱһ֡
ɻӺӦֻоӲ˺
Ȼ˺ûˣҲûдֻǺͬ̽Щ˳ɹʵǷܻȡС
Ӧǻиеѹô˺ĶԼҪǳûгɼƱػڱۡ
˵ԼСϾԼûҪ˶ʹ˺Ҳ̫Բ˺ˡ
Ӧ߸պܿܡ۾עŴµεˮȴ飬ǰӶ
һԼ飬һǾƬ˺˵ʵʵ벻취
ãѷ磬ֻݶʣµˮµΡӦǲɵ̾˿ִ˴ӣеЩ鶼ϳȥúϢһ¡
ʼعǰľӡԺ
ӦǴʱʲô룬ͿϵˮµΡ
УҲпˡΪԼȥЩ飬עеǰһεεµΣٶɿؼ
˺һӦڲȥЩˣҲʹ
˿תעķЧ
ȻӦ˶סˡǰһ׵һĴԺС
ϵˮαúΪݶˮѾòԵʣˮҪһŻγһΣµΡ̣·ǵӰͷչǰ
Ӧǿˮر󡢱Ϊ̫УˮбһΡ˵һĻΡ
ľƬĥ⣬һ
Ҫǻһˣ϶벻ġӦǣΪ˺Ӳ졢̸״̬£Ҳȥµεˮ飬ҲͲᷢˮ
˷ܵشȻ񱼶ȥ
Ӧǵ뷨϶ʼӦǵò췽ҹ̷һ뷨
òĹһϸϸĲǺѧѧʵУѧձֶ
ȻֱӾڻղһˣڻΪһβˮΡ
ĽӦǺϲ͸һȷʵǳԲǳ
ǲһΪ̫ԱȽϴ֣ûжôΣַ֤ǿеġ
ʱɫѺڵĹûһ˿Ϣӣȫ˷ܵӦǵָӣ顣
򲻸ˣձӦָӵĹҵһõĲ顣
ҪֲֳˣѲм䲿ڻϿ롣
ʱԭмĲݾͱϸӡȻٰϸϸһбõϸտʱڻ֭ͻ˳زֱ˵ʱ򣬾ͻһƵĲ顣
ȫγɵ͹͸κδĥǳƽ
Ӧײ֮£ڷ˻˾ƬȻڿ϶ǲл˾ƬˡΪԭϵһַ߱͸ĻˣŻ硣
ͬԭϸ쵫δնϵĲԼо߼סտм䲿ݣĽǶʱտʹ֮Һ״͸
ȻҪ͹͸Ҫ൱ľ顣ֻ˾Ƭʱĥʶڶʱڲϳԣ۵ٶȷǳ졣
ȻЩǺˡ
һһҹ֮ϵһܸ߱΢ڴоˡ


518 ҲǷ
ӽ֪ΪԼôһ˲оʹӦǵõ˸߱Ƭ
ڴһ磬ӪᶽŰ칫׼ƻ¾ݷǹҪѵһʱӪЧΡ
˭֪ƨɻûȣ˵¾Ӫ̹ٹǰ
ӽеԼѵǱݷǹˣǰά£
ŲЦ£ûлھͲУѵˣ
ӽһúýѵñְҪ֪ʽ췽֮£ڻܿɡ
˴ãʽ¹ү
ӽû̧ͷȻŰϵļƻʵʲô飿
ӽķӦҲΪ⣬ү࣬æнӼԼǲˡ
ү¾ݷǹǲսϾ޴´۽ˣ¶Ե
һߵĻǰˬǰĻҪӷɻڣȴĻˣʮӶʮ
ӽȻе÷ţȻܹƨˡȻҲˬʱ仹ûൽƨʱ
ǣӽ̧ͷ΢ҾΪ˿ݷǹ
ҲһˣӽǺܸˣæ͵үҪ顣
ŶӽһȤطеĻƣŹʵݷǹʲôĽĽ飿
һҡͷүˣݷǹû
ӽʣϽŽ͵ѵڱҲѵݷǹʹã¶ԴвͬĿ
ӽһԭǶڱݷǹԼˣӽʲô˵˵ûϵ
һԭеһ¾ͶشӽүΪڱʹǴڡںݷǹԶ̻ظѵڱݷǹ޶壿
ӽһüͷһ壬ʵҪǱ˳嵽ڱأǾɵ׸
ҡҡͷȻǣɽؼһ北ΪֻͺʺΪڱķ
ӽôһ˵͵Լ֮ǰִݷǹûп
ţϻʵԼã
վñֱ˺ǵע֮£ʮػشӽ掠װϺߵΣЧֹ˿Ψһ̫׼ȷȲߡȱڱ˵ȴȱ㡣Ϊֻе˳嵽ǰʱڱпʹ北ҲͲᱻȱӰˡ
ӽͷ޵˵
һˣǹ֮糧ʹãҲƴɱ
ãããӽ˵á֣ضԹ飬ͼһñֵ̾һڱеݷǹ
üЦԼĽ鲻ɣҪһǱӽ˵ػӪȥˡ
ӽŹȥıӰһᣬͷһߵĻǵԴĻӦñһϤˡôˣǾûһң
ӻǶۣӽôһ˵һǺҿ
˵ͷƽʱǺܾôѵҲӽֱӵʵ
˰ٴ˼̧ͷӽүΪүô⡣
ӽ黹Լƽʱ̫Եʡ
ĬһᣬŰѻеǰȻϿҵ˵ʵҲһˣ޾ϸŲߡҲʧͤʱҪǡ
ӽһϤףеĲ죬ŵòϳĵطǾòԵĵطǷɾͿʱҲ©ȱô
ϹٶºȻҪû˵顣ϤӽΪˣ֪ⲻǽ飬ɻϡϡشӦһ
ӽúܲ⣬ٴʵô
Ѿ˺ү¾֮ĶԻʱӽĴʻҲػشף
ӽͷ⻹ࡣ
ԼûĻţҲϲŴЩԼûһ㽻Ļš˾ͰЩԼϦദĻıһ£δбҪٸıˡ
ӽ뵽ǸղŵĻشʱ۽棺үһЩͷ˵Ǻү£ˡ
ӽһ㶣Լûɲִ񰡣ʵжˣ
ʮ䡣ۻشһ£Ȼֲһ䣬糾͵أԶ·
Ϊ׵Ľʲô֣ӽ֪˭ˣʵ


519 һ·
Գƺơ
ǽҵ¡ӽһæԸ
ԼźҹռͬУξһ;ʱ䣬Ѿܾûˡ
ûһƵ˽ã˺ϣͷݣ²μү
ӽЦ̧ʾ񣬿
һʮһվѸ٣Եøɴ䡣
ӽðͷǾҹաӣغˡ
֧ҹյӽԴȻڲͬ˵ڱ¾ǾͰΪ¾еҹնӣΪܰɣȱɵӪȥѡ
֮ǰ䲻֪¾ΣȥӪѡ£˵¾Ӫ
ƴϲ򵹰лӽֻٴΰڰסȻֵȥ¾ӪϢһǽµľ档
ЩͷΪʲô常ôҲʳ⣬ȭشǡ
ӽ֮תͷԺƵȹȥȻæͷȥǡ
ǣүƴ´Ӧһȥˡ
ǿϻؾʦʱѿ磬Ѷùˡ
˺ôǣжůůġ
Թзӽ¾Ӫأ̽һˡ
Ƶѱ¾¹ͷת򣬼ӽ䲻ʣȴһľ档
ӽѧ쵼̽£һӪһȦ̸ᡣ
طΣÿɶȥˣӽʺƵ
ƶ̸ֽʽΪϰߣӱؽءӽһʣ͸ϽشүԽԽҪξüʱȥˣ¾úܻܿб䡣
ȽϽţ֪ӽΪˡ˵ʱ򣬶һ˵һж˵
ӽõͷӺӡࡣһᣬٴʵصİΣ
˻ᣬŽػشµǻ;ãһֱھСɾϷˣԵذյ˽⡣ƾ·ƣºؽ֮صİղࡣ
ӽеأԤϡΣϣȥһϢ
һߵĹм˺̬ȺͰףûһ˿ӣ·ļҳһ顣Ļش𲢲ȫ棬̲סүЩߵİպũΪֻںǵⲢá
ӽ˵ͷ˵Ŷԭ˿֮·˹·ͬȻѹˡ
˵֮˼
ŵȽ²и˽֮ǲǰ·´ֱͨӰѴչʢƽ
ȽѪλ߾ˣ֪ҪչôףҪ漰顣
ֻҪҲʵ۽飬ȥһƬҪռݺ½ǿúڡ
뵽úӽ˹˹ľٲȴܿųʯ»
ǵö˹ֲŻ֪һ㣬ɽΪ磬䶫Ҳкܶ
ԺڳĻͰɽĶռ˰ɣǸһݲƸ
ӽţ۾ͿʼֱҺÿˮûǰˡ
ϰԵķϤ˵Ǽֲˡ
֪˺飬˶ûдԼع
˺һᣬӽŴлصʵΧ˶ú۾Լ΢еΡ
תעʺƵһ·ؾʦʲôرļô
ˣϻشү·¶···Ĳһ
Ŷʲôһӽһæʵ
¶һ˿΢Ц·һھоԶһ߻شǰ¼·صĹٸ鲻Ը۵ԹصΪÿһһЩռȴͬ
ӽˣ̲סϺƵĻʵβͬ
ǷǳηѾ˼·ڴսҪһ·ķӦΣ
ûбӽ϶е죬˵¿ذնӻԾز뵽·ȥ¾ʱϵ飬֪ǷǳԸ·鵱֮°˼⡣
µҹҲͬصͷʾǶͬƵĻ
ӽ˺ǺһЦǿΪڸ·˲ûͣһԭڡ
Լŵ·ȷʵȽϲ񹤵Ļԡ
ӽҲƵһ֮󣬲վǾͺúϢɣվȥӪܽҪˣ˸˵¡
Ļϲشү


520 뽨ӳ
Ÿûãһɽʹս˽ݳǡ
ûʱ䣬ɶѲڵľ۽㴫ȫǡ
ֻҪǽ²ľӣݳڵİոøɶɶٶһݹġΪûڵذյǷУŵÿһ˵ܱ
ڽ֮ɶѲԬӺת
ڼϺԬҲϻֱóһŵţ¹عδټڽ¡
ϵڶཫ˶ܲ죬ʲôôҪϵδˡ
Ǳ˴˿ֶԷԻһӡֻðĿⶼеԬϣ顣
ԬҲûλϣվ棬һֳŰһ־еţǰЩ͢£Ҫؽӳǡ֮ʦ˴𸴣Ҫǹ֤ҰսŻᲦ
ӳǵ飬Щ߼춼֪Ҳܻӭٴ롣
Ϊһӳǽ֮ǰ߾ͻǰƣһؾܱѳÿˣкôġ
Ժ󱻽²ƻٶջġȽ²ֿ֮ЩڸͻرɲɱͲǲĵˡ
ھʦĻظȻûϲҪ֤ԼŻ
Щһֱ˵ǮĽүը뵱꣬Ԭʦ£ǵĴڴõġнˮߣǷҪʲôͿںˡ
ϾȻ˲ѧԬʦ֮ǰȡĴ㲻ˣ
öཫ糯͢ģҲ˵ûмûĻô³ԬûٵǷйˡ
ֻ͵һİܴһžϵЩ죬ŷ׷ס쿴
Ҫ췴ôҶϡԳ͢ԲѷԬˮȵ
ЩͷҲ˵˵ѣҪ췴òҡԬŭһҶ졣
ֻʸϣλɶܱٳУԬȭһةݹ֣ҲֻǳߣһʱڲԶѡҵɶ泯ֵ͢޵еĽ²͢ȴ˲
˵˵ţԬ۾ֱֱضһֱȥɵе飬˵ԽԽСͣסˡ
ԬڽЩ죬ţвٵġ٣Ҳǰ˵һЩű߼ʵĻ
ةĩΪ͢ĴҲ޵ҪǴӳزãý²ƳǶ粻ͽòʧ
ڵһ˾Ȼ˵Ļɶѭ˹ȥǸܱοɸ١
Ԭźοɸٵͷаǳ͢϶Ľ졣
⼸ͶԬĽˣҲ׷׳ͬοɸٵĻЩһĽ첻ɺ޵ֱҧʲôʱ˲Žˡ
ڵϴֳ͢һߵɹ۵㣬ԬҲ˵Ļ
ΪҪеĽ춼ԵĻԬͲӦˡ
ةɶ֮δɶ֮ǰʹû˭ɱСġĶֻǹڳų͢ṩļڹضѡҪ˵²޵У˭ң˭ȫ˽²
ԬĻһشЩ߼ر٣⻰ղŵĻԡһǳɫ뷢ȴַֻǿԱš
ԬɨһۣȻҲٵı鿴Ҳܣ˵Ҿǳӱݣ˭󻹸£ةϵ㣬͢ɷɲˡҪ췴ѹͶС
ûһҳԷԣԬɱˣҲֻѡ
ղ֮£ة͵ûΪ˹ǰ;͢ҪҲȻҪûءԬ˵棬ն˵ʾľ
ȻҪ˲Ͷ²ĻةҲšֻǷȰһ䣬ѡʱҪأĪԲڡԬ˵ʱţڳĽһָоͶ²Ķɵӡ
پôʱĵɫѾָϾҲһ󽫣ı¡
ȱȭԬة˵öԣֻҪةһ£ĩһ
õͦģԬ˵֪Ҫǽ˴ӳǣġ
ûбֳٵıģɫ¶һ˿ЦݵܱةǷĵġ
һ׷Ԭ̬һؾ
Ԭ˵ͷȻӳһҪģ͢Ҳûвͬ⡣ة֪Ҿͽ²ҰսвࡣҪֳ͢Ҿкͽ²Ұսľĺˣة
ڽһһȫУԬȭ
ɳҹմӣ콨²ȡԶ٣ոһЩ²׼͢и
Ԭһ£𣺡
Щ֪Ψˣ͢ŻιǶкôǹģСս£ʧӰҲ
ˣǶӦԬˡ


521 о
֮ʱӽջصӪᶽţͱʵнȥˡ
ʱзɫʱȴǷǳҪ֮£϶ټ
ӽһ߸·һ̾˿Ƕ֮ʱʱķһЩ£ϣʲôطֳ©ˡ
ϵĻʱͨʱ򡣵в˶ڣڸ׸󳼣Ҳڡ
ӽһϲ󣬲Ҽž֮ɫٿӦҲڵʱ򣬱µĪǲоɹˣ֪΢Ǿӣ
ʵһӽҲȼ񣬾͸˵˵ʦ˵΢ˡ
ڵ˼ӽһߺк
ôһӽͿղűΧŵĵطһŰһ΢Ȼ΢ܼܺªʾ΢
иˣһſʵ٣
ڵһе죬Ӧǣǿɲ֪ôרҵ⡣
ӦԵһ£Ǻػش¹ٲ֪΢ܿƽʱĶ
ӽһ΢Ҳλ϶û㡣
뵽ЦŵҼˣ΢ѡȥ󶨸׼ҪŴĵλһҪȷΪ΢ԺӦõķܹ㡣
¹ټסˡӦ֮ǰǹϲ֮飬
ʵ濴õͷԼЩһ΢ͺܺ棬֮̾ӽȴһſھרҵǺˡ
ӽе棬ʵ߱΢ôģǰҹȥʱ򶼻ûͷ
Ӧһмؿӽǰһһʮ˵һ顣
Щòɰ̾ӦǺȻһˮܡ
뷨ȴ΢е㲻ͬипﶼйѧһ£ضԶ
ӽӦǵЦŵͷѵԼǸǣȥ棿
һᣬȻʵ£ҿ϶ָ߱ƬĿǰ˵Ӧûˡó֮ҪΪ߱ܵȼ
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ʵʱųӽ˺ԴӦü㣿
ǰҽѧѧȵȫõǸĹߡӽ˵
Ҫ֮ʵĵ
һ޶ַǳĹߣ϶׬ܶǮ
ӽһ㶣ȻʵۣҲǳ⡣
һ£ͻش߱΢ǲозģȨͳ͢УΪоɳ͢ṩغ͹ʵġоȨ󣬳һӣר΢оۣͼоȡٳµĺö
ЩԱ˵Ϊ͢͹ʵһ£ӽô˵Ҳû
ӽڼ滮Ϊ΢ǻ֮ҽ۸̫ܶߡҹ涨ܳڡ
ʦΪڣʵʵ
ĹңˡһҪҲû⣬Ѽ۸񷭸ʮٱǺˡĿǰ˵߱΢ǸҲΪġӽתʵۻش
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⳼飬΢óһֽоԹз׬ǮĶ
ӽĻ䣬ʾһЦ˵˺ղűѾⳤΪ΢ˡ
ӽһզ˸΢ˡ
ʼӽȻӣͽ͵΢΢֪΢
֮ǰǹڲӦ΢Ϯ˳ʵ۷˾ͷˣЩĳҲû顣ϾǵķǻΪ޴棬лʱ塣
ӽԭǷ˲ӦǹϲһȻתʵۣٴν͵£΢Ҳ΢һ˵Ĺ͡
ӽôƺ;ôŤͲܻʲôôһҪ΢
оڵĹҲ٣ҪǣоΪһ壬зҪϣҪǵԡͬʱҲΪרʿ֪оĺôŻиõĲƷܱз˳ǽ飬΢Ҫһֳ鲣оС
ӽ˵֮󣬿µĳɫٴν͵Ȼó󣬾ɱºλˡ
ȿͬ£顣
Ϊӽһ仰ĳʱҲûˡ
˾ܴĺôʵȻ᲻ͬˡ
ճ͢øоķֳɺܵͺܵͣӽѲٲģôһڣԵض
ڻؼҵʱȸԼŸ㼸ܸ߱΢жְ֧Ȥ


522 ˼Ҫ
磬ӽüЦس¾Ӫء
Ӫлб˵ˣ¾Ӫ̹ٹ
۾Цһˣںͱֵ̾˽ʽɻ
ȻѾȵúܾˣһ¼ôڣ˾ͼˡһţһֺЩڱ˵ʱСĵ㡣·Щ޼۵ĲƷŪһ㡣
һߵӽˣе˵ǸˣҪˡ
үû⡣ڼû룬ϱ֤һ䣬ȻֿʼҪˡ
α̾ƽĻֻмڼܵģǷڼϣһ͹ġ
ҪڼܲǱ̾ģӦþ͹ˡӽԹľҵе⣬Ц͵
ŶһȻڴʵү¿ںǰĲһܸ˰ɣ
˵⻰ҲƨΪڵ֣ڷɻŵĸ죬һ۾ܿĶĺô
ӽһ⻰һţЦŵԣԭŽʱϣٵͷˡ
˵һȻӣֶ˵ģʽڲǰĻԶ᲻١һþ֪ˡ
ģ޲Ͼʹԡ
Ȼ뵽ֿھĻæӽүǾ˵ڿˣ
ӽЦŵͷЩ˾ߣЩڼҲΪȫƹġ
˵һָڱѵ¾ʿҲһ֧лս
õһȻϿϲ֧¾˺ôһǮսϷáΨһź˵㣬ԶսʹҪıظҪڡ
һ£ӽүڶһھ˵ǲ˵㣿
ڵĵһҪҰսֲҰսкͽ²Ĳࡣ󡢸;Ļڣ繥ڣڵںҲڻûôʱԭϡ
֪ʱûбĻڣҪһӽش
õͷ⵹ҲǣģҪ£кܶƷ˶ķɻƾѾǾŬˡ
Ҫ֪µڷʽٶȿ죬ҷƷʵֺͣãƾͻᾪõ°ˡ
ڼ׼ܣǲ֪ˡֻǵ˺ܾԺ󣬿һĴˮزŲ˻ɡ֪ġ
ӽ𷶿УֶԹñȽϲִ٣ܶϸѵʱҪ¼ͷдݱҡ
סϴӦ֪ڲԻڵҪԣ˺ɵػشˡ
ʱԶɳ۹һЩʿӽ߶
ʮʱͷļʿͷˣֱǶ
үĩȥţûҵͷӽصĲگһ߽һ߱ȭ˵
һԶ˵һȥĻˡ
Ŷãʡһȥ㡣ӽһگЦ˵
گһ㶣ϻصүкηԸ
ң˵°ɣҲǼ¡ӽ˵ţ²گˣϵɽ
گһװһرӽ˵ү¾ֵһ˽ٺžӪ٣ôȥǺã
ӽһãԼ߿ˡ
һЦԲگУҪʲô˵ɣ
گһӽֱӴ⣬ɫ΢΢һ죬ԾͲˣֱӵү⼸͹¾ֵǲҪǮһطǹӪôҲǾӪ֮һǲǷһ
˵װŵı飬·ŷôɻһ˵ôڣ⡭үӪջûǲ̫ˡ
Ӫȫһл˾ӪҲûٹװòگÿ¾Ӫߵǹֱġ
˵̾˼󳵻ڵ¾ӪҲסֱҪˡ
ôһӽӡֱӱ߸ˣԭһֱΪگءڿϻţ͵ˡûȫһһŷҪǹҪˡ
ĳ£ǻġ
ӽЦſگǿŵ˵һֱȵگԼ˼ˣſڵ˵ףҪôǲǣ
گЦ˸ƨүӢ
ģӪ䱸ġ㿴Щɻڼܺ󣬿ǣߣʱҲ䱸Ӫӽò͸¶İš
ʵǰӽҲگû档˵Ȼˡ
گôϲæȭлү
Ҳͬϲһȭлү
ӽЦЦȻ·˰ɣֵ˵ˡ


523 һ
ү˵گõӽĿ϶𸴺ã˵ƽʱ˲١
ӽָһЩѵݷǹ¾ʿ䣬ȻŶԲگ˵ϱϾݷǹŹôҲУȱսա
گе㲻⣬ʲôϵǣͷЩ¾ʿ䣬Ȼٿӽ
Ҫ֯һЩģ⽨²Ƿ棬ѵµװٶȡӽĿ˵˳
گ񣬲ɵصүǹۡ
ӽ˲گһᣬ˼ˣ˵ֻҩװǦ˵ˡ
үܼңگ˰Է̰һ£Ȼϻشĩˣĩȥʿ¡
ãʱͶһɡӽİ嶨ʱ䡣
ӽŬ¾ǮʱɶʢĳڣһԵѲ¬ҲڽС
յϢĵѲ¬ϣˡ̫һо֮еЦݣ
ӢȻӦ̫Ļġ
Ϊף̫ԵѲ߳һıǵѲضϹɡ
˶ҲŸͣ˵Щˡ
̫ܺãԱϵһ˵ֺϵãҪȥȰ˵һôͶҴ𡣡
̫ˣùһ󺺼顣ΪѲĸ󽫣ȴһ߷ݺݵؿһѣʹսˣʧɺӵ
ж񱨣һūȴǱŬŰ־ջ
λ̫յͻص鱨׷ǰս踱һְȰ֣Ż׼Ѳ¬
ڼ̫ЦūֻдһŶѣͶȫӵūŲҾӹ
̫ЦЦҲϡԼ˵Ľȿ佱ùֶ֮Ե˵һû뵽¬뵽ʳý٣Ȼ˵ȫ׼עһ
СĶһλһ̫˵󺹣ãЩһˣ
̫Цŵͷ˵û޾ôġΪνЩʩҪµ£ҿǷʣ
֮ɫؿŻֵ̫úܹԡȴǱӣǻаȨˣҪ̬Ƕġ
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ڵ˶ͷ֪бҪôԱһ򾡵
Ϊ˷ֹϢ©ӽտʼҹɫǱ򽭱սһ𣬸ضϵĹ·̫˵⻰ʱλ
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̫صͷôȻʱ˵㣬һܾۼǼϵһᣬҲĥĥǵʿܼҴΧǵѶȡ
˵⻰ʱָλĶвı飬ͽ͵ǵѲͣȻҲǺ£ܶһݱһݣô
Ӣע⵽˻̫Ŀ⣬æһƨһ߳˳ܵܵѡ
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һ±㶪ԺתͷֶùΪܰģ㼴վͳǰӵıϴ߳
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һ㶣ԼհѹһߵĶֵܵͶˣǵ
ϸϸĶūҲкͻ̫һʣǣ̽ϸ
֮󣬻̫̽̽ȻԼ˼һᣬ̧ͷ˵޻治СǵѲⶨΪ˽ɹ౨ʦЭǣơ
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̫µĴ£γ̡QǱQ죬ͷʰǡ
һͬӢ


524 ȫԸ
ƤԭֵܱѲʱŵĴڣ¬ٿ»顣
ܱٸյҰѳ㱨һ顣¬վǰĳ¼ʢ˵
¼ʢԭͶ¬ȻǰƤԾСΪȵĹ涨ЩڵٻҪ²ŻƤ
¬һ͹ĳʵ벻Ҫڳʴһδս˰ɣ
ǣӦУȭةȻԴԴͶƤһЩСҲˡĩʱڵϣة䡣
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ڳʾڵĽ²ٶˣ˴СģСҾЩն١
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¬һϲӴ΢ǰһ㣬ʳ¼ʢ²˺еƽ
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յӵνļɶūɳʹҪʵĽ²ʳɶ
˵¬λɶ²ȱѵȲʽ²չʳˡ
ڵЩܹû֮ģѲ˵²ҲҪǰȱӣǴϲ׷
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һҲ󣬷׷׸ϣûةͣý²Դ˴
뵱ܲԬܵڳӮ˹ٶ֮սة˽²ʳν֮ͬ
ϧ֮ǰûиةһȥս²ʳ̫źˡ

¬Խ˵ԽˣǵλʳҪٱǽػ񣬽²ʵȻճ͢йɶؽ°빦˱پ˴ʳһý²˻ɶ
ĩһƬĴӦ
¬ͷϾͳ飬˵˴´󣬽²֪ܲǻʳıԲ٣ȴǵĽһս
ȻҪͽ²ӲӲôһˣǴûɹ飬ô
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˵¬תһҵǴν²ٴӳ棬Ǻα֣
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ǲʼչڳװ˵㣬ͽ²ȴǸɹټܵģϽ²Ʋûй
ˣڽ׷˱̬
ĩҪǲҴ²ҲͲˡ
ة󼴿ɣ²ҵƴɱ
ԣةɱҪЩ˸

ÿ˵ķӦ¬вɰͷһȺӡ
ȹһᣬ϶С˵ڽģҪǵұ̫ԶҲôȥġ
ڽһةȻı֮ˣΪսܾ޴һС
Ŀǰռ鱨ʽ²ȫʳȥɶǱߣʱδɱʡ
¬˵ĿǰȻֽصٹƽ²ֻôһ͵ģ˿Ʋ⣬ɶ²ܻܿʡΪˣ渱ҹգ켩ɶ²ʵıܱ
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Ҳɳҹգڳİ£峯ʽ²ٱʳ¬
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¬ͷ೯͢ѾӦ˴жǣƽ²
ڽ¬õþǵúȫһ¶Դսġ
¬վӮսʤ


525 ֽ͸
ͬڶսǰĽգʱʦİգóԳԣúȺȣ˿Ĳ̫ƽ
ò͵ʱھ¥һ¥źܶʳòͣо׳Ͱˡ
սһʳͽ˵꣬׳ͰڴòͣɿЦϺǣλˣѾ¥Ըˡ
׳һϵһͣԼҪԣƽ֮ʱЩСǰ԰ڡ
֮װںػصҲûʲôǸպһЩ·ѡ
һʱ¶ĽɫǿǮϧԼõϢ̫ȥʱѾˡ
һ˿ʣԸƹ˳Էȥˡ
ܣ𵽴£Ʋ¶׶ôӽѵ
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ʱſڵһƣһˣվſǣƹ񣬿ñֽ
ƹſڶѾ̧ͷˣǸۡ˵к棬æӭȥЦλ磬ǷŪˣ겻ӣ뺣
ڵļһԻ׷׿˹µİɣ
Ҫ۵ӾʹˣҲҵ˴󣬿˶࣬϶к̨ܵġ
˭֪һ㶣ȻȻؽ͵ǳԵİӣⱨֽ
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͢³ıֽȥ㲻ҪīˣһҪһء۽ԴԹ˵
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ҪǮٵĻֱǮ徲ˡ˼ó͢ѹˣҲֵþҡ
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ʳһɱ²¶׷Ҫƹ˵ϸ㡣ģ˵ƹԭԭɡ
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ƪ࣬˵ŬΪ͢µþе취ͷ˸߱ƬΪ͢˽ܳĹף˱Ϊǹڲ΢
Ȼݶһʴֻ˵ôһ飬صͻŬ͢ν档
ôڵڶʳͷһľ̾Ľ֮ɫۡ²ʲôֶԳ͢Ľͽͷ㡣
ʶֵʳ;ù񫣬ƹҪ˱ֽȥԼƹҲֵԼЪᣬæϱֽ
ȻͿЩʶֵʳһ߿ֽһ߷֮̾ɫЩʶֵʳΪ֮ż֪ʲô¶ͷ׷Ҫ󿴱ֽЩ˶
ۿԣֽǿǸۻֵƹˡ
ʳʳĸƹû취ֻٶһֱѱֽе¶˲Űݡ
·Ľȣ¶Щʳͺǹע¶Ϊ̸ⲻǳô
һٷƹԵģҲź۵ġʳͶɢȥŴ˿лԹⱨֽô顣
ɽϸı뷨Щʳµʳ͹Էԣһ±ûжֽ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
ƹҲطŵ˸˵ⱨֽϵݣΪ˻˾ˮļ۸񣬿ȴǺܻ𱬣ֿ˻
ǣʼԹⱨֽôôһݡ
ֽշѣҲ˵Ǯ
ȻչֽĵԽԽ࣬Ĳٿ˻ˣΪˮ۸չ黹Ǳûбֽʱ׬
ֽô˾ʦյУȻɢȥ


526 ¾
һ磬̫ŴӶ¶ͷ¾Ӫصϰվˡ
ϴιۿ¾սϰһۼڶصĴУ׼ۿ¾ٴϰ
ӽһ£¾Ӫط˶ڹ۲̨ϵЩ˷׷׽еԶ¾Ӫء
ԴӷϾƬԶһΣҲ֮ӡеԶڽ϶ʱھõλһְʱٳһĻҲġ
¾ӪصسЩ˵۾Уֻ¾ʿ䶼ΪλӪڽнϡ
һĹ¾ʿȫװ׼ϣʼϷܲǰΪ¾δôսԵʣҲˣڱڼнġ
۲̨ϲǷĽ죬˶ɸеԾȻ˵ֻϰʵսЩʿǿҲ֪׼ôɵӡټģٶȻܿ졣
ӽȴһ㶼֣ΪȻġЩ¾ʿӵѵǲһﵽÿնöʱǿȣ¾ѵĿонϣΡҪμϿԵæҵأҲ̫ʧˡ
¾ʿȻ죬ǲУȴҲߵúܿ죬Ҷ˿ңܿ͸λ
ڶ֮ȥڱ̹ٹյ֮󣬱ڱӿʼ׼
۲̨ϵ˶ԶЩڵ¾ʿ䣬ÿΪһ飬һ˸ڵ׼һ˸˷ɻ北һڴȻ׼ڻ֮ʼװ率
´ֻ֮ڱǷһ졣˵ԶתԤڻĿֻ꣬ŵĿ겻ԶĵطȻڵһĵۡ
оĽ֪ڣУԻڵȻûһᣬڱֻ䡱ɻȥʵĵ󲿷ֶĿ򣬰ĿڰòҲ̶á
ù۲̨ϵĽ쵹һҪԼʶӽĻʧȻءĽķɻ̫ˣٿ죬һԶ¾Ļֶ࣬ڵܼȾʹôȥ̫ˣ
׼õ若󣬷ɻΪڶҼʹãԤĿµʵв١
Ҫһڻ϶ҪɢǿסЩڵĹܳҲ޼ˡ
Щû뵽ǣھȻʼ죬Զĵطڻϡŵоң֮ʣɳսҪˡ
һ󣬻ڲЩоĽ˿جˡ
ʱǣԻֶ˸̵ʶսϵĻڶ¾ķɻһ㣬Զֿ졣ֻҪ࣬ǻʲô²еĵˣܼڻ֮£
ӽڻҲ⣬Ĳѵڱﵽɻ׼ȷĿꡣǰʱڻû£⼸ʵѵҲ
ʱԶʼ۲̨ϵĴæְԶ˹ȥ
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˾ͰԶת¾صЩݷǹֻ֣ԶΪλվ˺öţǹ׼ǰ
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һߵĲگʱڽ͵ǹûװǦ
ҪװǦʵսѵģگô˵վԼС
͵Ľ찵һЦȻעе¾ʿϡ뿴˸ٵ棬Щ¾ʿαֵġ
ֻ¾ʿ·ûпǳ棬ԹԼװ
Щд辰Ľ쿴ʵĽһѣǴĻ辰¾ʿĴݡ
ϰһֱӪʿ¾иӿ϶֮󣬲ˡ
ӽתͷԼһ˵ȣǵλôʲôطҪĽģ
԰ڣҲҫȷʵЩ˿˺
ʧˣشһƬ֮ЩְҪôƨĶҪôûǿĻӣ˾ͲԼͬѡ˿佱
ǰ¾ֱ䵽ȥ޵еĴڣӽ첻ѡ
ֻöЩ˵ʵ¾кܶ಻㣬Ҫʵ߸Ľĵط
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¾ݷǹʿ˼ĳٻǻᱻӰ쵽⻹ҪǿѵûоûģʱУûڴս컹ˣӰ̫󡭡
۲̨ϵЩ죬˺˵ЩΪ⣬аǿҪ˰
Ҳ룬ӽ֧¾˶ǮȥûЧ


527 Ӻ
ʦ¾˴һǿˣ
磬ʵĻڼӽʱһʱЦʵ
ӽһ㶣˭ô죬ʵۻ㱨ˡ
жڴһǿƺҰĵģ֮ǰµһǿĿںšô汻ʵȴе㲻˼
ӽ΢е죬ʵҡͷ£һǿ»˵̫硣ڵ¾˵ûаսʤսûõŷɥƣҪ˵һǿ˻᲻
Ѻͱһڵڵ׸һӽĻһЦȻӽ˵⻹ףȥͽ²һ֪̾ˡ
͢ղųʵ۶ӽĿ佱΢΢е㼵ʣƾʲôôǮѵľӣûһ㹦;˵һǿôһ˵ϸϵ׸˵ǣ֪ˡ
ӽûио͢еһ˿⣬ʵͷȻתԳʵ۵£ҲôģӾսȥԡ
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Ҫǲ²ʱûе˿Դóʵеԥ
ȷʵҲǳ¾ȥѽ²ˣɽ²ҲǴġ֮ٵ¾ȥǽ²Ҫһȥô죿
Ҳ뵽ˣ˵˺ղϷֻǿЦ¾ģ˵²ºˡ
ӽһʵۺʶе㵣¾̫٣¾Կеж
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ӽĵ컹˵ҪĻ¾ƾͷӲ¾ʿȥͽ²ⲫԸ顣
һ£ʵ˵ˣɣ¾䱸Ҳû죬ɡ
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ӽ÷ǳ죬̲סϳʵ۵Ļʵ£˵²أ
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ӽһ˵е׻˵úãδСҪûʳ²׺ݣҲֲƤ
͢ӽһ˼ӣҲͬԼķٽһΪȱūڳʵĽ²аѹεʳɶ˺ĺˣѲȥЩʳ򲻻ý²ʳ˻ɶġ
ӽ˵ЦԴ˵һĺϢ
ЦһᣬеµڱĸоʹɻʵϢȷʵô
ѲǰЩʱ͢˷£˵ǽػūʵʹ֪Ϣּʾ²϶ȱ
͢˵ô࣬˺ʣɵ΢΢еŭ˺˵ʲôûģҷô͸⡢ǵģǲǼҵĲܣˣĻشУһ˿Ĳͷ
ӽȴһ֪˼ڶԹˣʵּ󣬻ʲô󣿡
͢벻ش𣬵лϺ׸ڣԷʵȨĺòٴν͵ҪȱΪʲôȳʽ²ѹ˻ɶһҪʹȥߣҪȱݷĽ²ΪʲôڳҪȱ²ƾҴľҰݺ᣿
һʣһ߹һʮ㣬ֱʵӽļơ
ʵˣҲ˵ʦ²ȱӦȷˡ޾㣬ľ飬ʦǴӳܽô
ӽ˵תԳʵۡ˵֮ӽ׳ʵ۵˼ԼԭʷûнɴӳǣϾǲС£ҪԱܶ񹤡һһ룬²ϮĻʧͻܲء
ȻʷѾһˣٶһο˵һݰοһ¾ߵݡ


528 ׵һ
뵽ӽʵ۵ͷû˵
Ϊб͢ڣԲǺܷ˵ӽôһͷʵۺʶ֪˼˵ʷнӳǡ
ԭĽͬڵӽôһͷȻ͸ˡ
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صĶʿ俴̤ͬ;ĬĬΪϣ쿪ʤʳʤ


530 н¬
ɶϣú꣬òڴиճɵΪ֮ȻǶĽˣ֪үҪʲôʱŻή´ȱ
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534 Ļ
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535 콵
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536 Ͽȴ
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538 콵
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ֻһһһҪס¬ĵѲְ֮Ϊá
½һһƣĵӴȻڸۿڼӣͳս
ͳƽʱ֮͵ӽڵĴϡ
ܻصӵĴֻһˣʧһЩ߼졣ܱƤλΡνࡢʯǵ˾пϲˡ
¬ıӪʧΪأֻʣ´֮һˣ¬Ρӭս
˽죬˵˵Ľ죬ûСȻˣ־ͲˡʵҪ˵Ҳˣ˳һͷ
֮˲ȴӻôˣһҪԭǽ²̫̰ġ
Ŵľӣ㣬ͱˡ²ΪԺֱӿƵΪ˲¬ѣȡΧ֮Ĳԡ
ôһеҲ޴ֻֿˡȻˣôһ¬еҲǺܴġ
Ȼεս£Ҳɱ˲ٽ²Ե˵׼սӻǲˣĿܻǵø²׼ͬ۵壬вٻݹϵۣͬδءˣЩʿܵ䡣
¬ͷѲӣҲȻ
˵ԼһĽ̰ͼɹľ޴ôͻСĽ˵ͻᷢ壬εʧ
ӽվڼװϣͨԶЩȥȻС
һЩһϲ⡣


540 ʤ
ʱ˰ٴڼװϣӽڣȥһݹ״үԭԭˣڹ״ϡ
һӽȺ˾УԾؾƺ
ӽ˳ֽӹ˹˰ٴеĹ״һģЦŵ»˲
˵֮ͽȥ״ڼװû˵粻󣬵ôںϣһСģ״ҲǼ鷳¡
ӽĴ󲿷ֻҲ˴գСڡӽȥˡ
˰ٴվӽǰԶ˺ڿ״
˵ʵ֪ЩǺ޵ҧгݡܶ飬ͻЩҪǹ⿿²ǻô
˰ٴΪӽЩ״Ҳһ仯׼˵ǣȰ˺ֵЩͷһǾ͵ˡ
û뵽ӽŹ״ſȴ¶Цݡù˰ٴе죬֪˺ôЦóأ
ӽȫ֮󣬰ѹ״һϣ̧ͷŹ˰ٴЦЦù˰ٴĪ
һҲе棬Χӽ֪үǲЦ
ʱպ¬ѲһȦػصӽڵĴϡ
ӽպÿ¬߽ţһЦ˵̨ãҪдΪ빦
²ӽĻǲ죬¬Ҳһؿӽ˺ôˣͦģûоļ󰡣
ӽԼ뷨Уֱʱŷ¬һĲ죬漴˹Цһ£¬ߣȥͷлҪԽʿ˵
˵֮߳šſں¬ʹߵŸϽߡ
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мѰһߴվˣȻ̧ͷĹˡ
˺һ·һЩѾעˡͷûпӽм䡣
ӽܵȻ˵Ľʿǡ
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ΪʲôҪ˵ӢۣҪΪ빦أ
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мǿĽ²ӣһ壬ִ˭йֻ֧ܹǣΪý²ˣ
ӽĻõ̧ţ¶һ˿Ժ
²û뵽ǣ¬ة쵼£ӢɱУֿսͶ²Ѿ˾ţ֮ҲûаǶ¡
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ϣǺܶͬ۶սˡǣǻվ¬ة쵼¼սֻҪڣͬ۵ĳбһ죬ֻҪǼս²ͻ²ηѾûеóѣѵԺ󻹻еóѵĻô
ӽݽýʿһָоǲǴ˰̣෴Ǵһʤ̡Ǵδ뵽ԼǿҪý²󲿷ֵıѾ˼Χǡ
ӽ˺ڴ˴͢İǣӢ¾
ӽ˵ׯϵؾһʽ
ͣеĵʿֱ֪﷽ʽʲô˼ÿ˶µؿӽһЩĽʿȵϥȥֱͦս
ԽԽĽʿ֮һȥһˡս
ǶӴʿ֮⣬еˣ¬һϥأӽս
ʱ˾һɼ鼤ӽУһ٣ߺʤ
ʤ


541 ڳ
ۿڵݽ֮ӽûڵ϶Ѻܿ췵ؾʦ
֮ǰе¬˵̨㲻õģ͢ǱҡͽʿˣȻָ֮󣬸Һݺݵش²
¬ؿƶŶ˵ֻȭӽд⣬ʬҲҪý²ȳѪծ
¬ͷ󺣴һֱȻתʧͷ
˵²ͳƽ֮û̫þͲѪˡ˵ԵѼӷˣؼԼݡ
ʧеϣҲܽܡʧͺܲˡ
󲿷ʧͻĻںͻɵģ˵˺֮ܶ⣬˵ĻҲûû
ϵɹŰҲкܶ˻֮£ڵɹһʶܡ
̫δô˳ջǰѴ򽭱еʳ˳˻ȥçŶ̩ºǧʾֱӴ򽭱سʡ
Ѻųʢûһ²ͷĿǺõġ
γǵԤںܴ󡣳ôһټȻܿƵ׽ĺ֮ǡ
û뵽󣬶֮ǰԤսĿһûɣֻǺݺݵشһѵ
̫һһսµľĬĬܽžѵ
ٽʢ֮ʱȫ߾׼սƷе˶֪Ǵ˴ʤ̿ˡ
ͷϸЩū²ٴοأеһ˿ϣֱ֮𣬷·޾ԨС
²չǲսʤָʦɱǱΪһңɼ
صʢ֮󣬻̫ٿ»飬һҪ齨Ļӡ
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ôʣڳʵǸçŶ̩ͱԶˡ
̫֮Ҫ£ȡ˶յͬ⣬пԵġ
²һϿȴˣԶȻ֪Ĳͬ
ΪõĻ϶ϸģԲ˾޴ɱ
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Ҫ´ȻҪģʾ͵ü٣漰һ⡣
²ƶһƽ䣬漰ÿ棬ǻ̫Ҫѯÿ˶ͬԭ֮һ
ڶԭǽ²ʹûҪӣȻҪúˡôһԭʳҪóһЩȻͼ˽²ʳȣҲһԭ
ڽ²ͷĿͬӣô̫˳ؿʼԴ
ʼȻˣҲ北һЩС͵ĻڡںĴּģҲˡ
Ȼں˰пʼѡʹûˣ຺ܶūΪʧȥϣֱ²ջȻ٣ЩڶԵ˵ǷǳҪģ׷ײμ˽²Ļӡ
֧ӣͬʷֵ֧̫ΪͳǴ󺺼١ԡĳ̡
һֱæ˺þãų˳ΡĵǮرͭԭϣû̫еۡ
ҲҧֻΪҲӵһ֧Ͽȴӡ
ڼ䣬й̽Ȼڴ߾Ƶ顣̫˼ڴ棬ʣرʳţּ룬ΪǹӦԬûǡ
ŻӳͣҪոʳ֮ǰٳȥǸʱҪǹҳǻƣһһݺݵؽѵ
㣬˶Ȼû²ҲҪϢرǴƺͰȽ϶࣬ҪԱصɳӣɽȥŮˡ
²û뵽ƵĿĲӦԬǸ²̽
ڻƲӵ󣬴ӳǾַڽŵǡ
һǴӳԭͽ⽨²ƻڵģʹõʽˮ࣬ӿ˲ٽȡ
ȵ²̽żһ󣬷ɱ̫֮ʱӳѽã񹤶ѳغ󷽡
ʱԭʷһ񹤶ѳأͼ˴ӳڵʳġ
Ҫǣ²ٲܺʷһȫıЯİΧӳǣʹӳǵľʳͶ
Ϊ²ûаѵвʼմڡȻǼεʧأڽΪҲðա
²Ļռ±ɶϣûʷϵŰ


542 Ⱥ֢
ϾǣΪ㶼ϷΡáĻģ䷱ӹɵġ
ͬʱϾΪʧȨԱϵأԾʦ˵ոǿɡ
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һϾķʤգҲԶ
ЩϾȴһûī͵ʫԡ绨ѩ£Ҳûʿӵļָ㽭ɽ
Ͼķ֣оǹѲߣʹϾǵգԵеɱ
һжΪϸµֻһʼʱϾǵĹΪһ»СС»ˣղ֮ٸжֻӶѡ
Ϊܶ࣬βĴͷ˶ЩԱйġиŵһЩԱЩǳ͢Ļʯֲ췴ǰҲƵӿѭץΪ׵Ķѡ
һʼʱķչǰԤϵµ˲޶顣
͢ղϾ飬֤ܿȷ䣬ҪץʼϾְԱ֡
ʱЩԱֿʼۼڵضղԯҪղˣ˴ʼϾС
һʼղûӦʿӾԽԽ࣬ƦҲʼӦ
ûһ׵£ͻȻͳ˾ӣѲµȫץˡһݣץϴµͷʿӡ
պûϾǵڸ󸨳ŭ棬ԭΪ·תִ۾ڶ۵ͬ£̻תʦ
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бץʿӣȫá
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ߵĶ۾һգһգϵ˼Ļ
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˵ŵʱоͳλŮǡ
һЩѪòԼӣһĹȥˡ
ԼĶӣ۾ӵĴ𰸡
ָÿЩоôô˷
ڳҲ÷̾˿˵ȷʵҲɺ͹ٳĹϵǺܴϷָǹ󣬻ΪУЩ޲Ѿٵͻϵһ𡣵Ȼϵ䲻ھʦȴҲ档
ʿӶͷ˵ЩȷʵҲ£ǲǺܸȤ
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еοͷǣΪ𣬲˴˴Ĳͬ
λʿһۣĳ˵˻䣬չ֡ʲôɱʿȫǽڶѡҪǲ㣬ҽ˽ȥĹͺܿһ֮ûˡ
ʿһ£̧ͷ⣬
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ðٽͷæ˵ģֶǵá
ô˵ˣȻȥѰ˼ȥ磬Ѱȥ˵˵ǳ͡


543 
ߵðٽ֮۾סԼĶӵ㲻һֱȥô׼ˡ
ΪמݣĶӽзǣһϵͬˣϲʵ棿
מݵͷֻ׼ǰʦ
һʵΪΣ
ʦ̫飬ǰδŵġҴ黹ֻھʦʵʩУϾϾеԶȥκʲôǿˡמݸпؽ͵
ǰ֮⣬Ϸ챱е㲻һˡ
Ļ棬ڽпĻ磬ǴӾʦġ
÷͸ˣСˮ·ȵҲھʦȳ֣ϾδӰ
ּ󣬶÷מݾþʦкܴĻᣬֻԼйְպãֻţȥһ˵ҵᣬһ¥
֪뷨ĲֹһܶϢͨ˶ѲʦĲͬ׷ǲӵʦȥˡ
ԼĶӴǲ˵ģֻǿƾ֮£νǧľšб£Ҳһ˳
ȥ˾ʦ֮ҵݾãûУ¼ʶҲǺõġ
ˣŶԶ˵㣬ȥʦ
ǶԸ׵ƲΪ⣬Ȥڹٳȥʦĸо˵طҲҪоȻǶԾʦоȤˡ
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ӽĺЧӦ£ʷϵĸĹӲˣӦﶼһδ֪ĵ·
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һֺ䶯Ͼǣ˭Ҳû뵽ôһѧţȻ˿ƣĻϰ壬һǲƴֵĴ̡
漴⸴еļƺƴļᣬԹδйʢûдʽָ֧ǲܵ顣
ȻһЩ븴ĹٻӵܣҲ˾ЩֻСͷղԾ棬Ĩȥ˼¼
ţղĸԤ£ʼϾ³ϾŲĴΪϾҲ֮ʼϾн׼ͬʱΪдϢ;ʦһҿƱϱͨңӭذǰȥ
æЩ֮ղų˾ӣϾԱĻ£ؾ
ϵ֮ʦи֮ˣϢҲߡΪеĴϢһ件ڣڿڳޡתۼ䣬֮ǰĴץʿӵĿֲ
˴Ŵߺ͸ǮׯΪϾеǿѹ£ò;ʦЩƱһΪоЩղ֮ˡ
Ͼ۷׷Щ֮ʱѲŴڣվһˣڵȴѲ˵ĽӼ
ѲѾȥ̨һˣѲûг֡
ֻҪ˾֪ѲϲˣҪһһ
ڵȺ֮ǰӦԪȺѾãҲ֪Ѳôûʲô˼һ㶼ûв˼Ȼصš
ӦԪⷴӦһԸйϵԼֻһν˼ǸѲϼϼ¼ȵȣҲǳ
ûһкҲûдȥãһ˶ǰôãɼ¼Ĺϵ
ѲĲȷʵ˼ܲϲ͢Ȼսһν
Ҫ֪ˮʦûܱͲνȫȱˮʦǺλ֣֥
֣֥ĲаĺҡһΪٱ֮ùٸԴԭͬֵܶɱɱߵøߣˡ
ĺüǮǹȻȻٲ˸Ѳһݡ
⸣غԴĲа֣֥󣬲ûûΪطԼܷƣǵΪ֮״̬ĲǷǳ״ǳĿǰκθı䡣
ʷϵʱ򣬳ʵڽӵòľټ֮󣬻ĲӵҪȥƽѡһ֮ġĲɡۣͼϷ
˵ֻǵһССĲνϽ֮µġν֣֥ϼ֣֥Ҫе⣬㶫Ļָᷢˮʦĺܶè壬֣֥ûô
ˣ;úùܽӦԪȻ֪ӦԪھʦ϶к̨򲻿ܴӵǸΣյĵطˮʦʵ͵ĵط
ɽ߻ʵԶģ뾩ʦ̫Զһ֣ôһ⽮ŲССνĺ̨
뷨ӦԪһʱһҡڵŰֲǰǰá


544 в
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ĲһתǰãӦԪװ֪ʵ
ĩЭνӦԪβνǰݼةˡӦԪϱȭش̬Ⱥǫ
ǰʲôģˮʦϤĲԼλϣȻʵ
ӦԪһƢʵشĩӾδãڶǹˮӪˮӪĴٱ٣ҶΪ֮ã˶ˮʦ˽ⲻࡣ
ĲһΪԼ֮ǰ´ˣӦԪǸϮ֪ʹ˶ӣŵ˸
һᣬװһΪ̬˵Ȼˮʦ˽ⲻ࣬ǾҪúѧѧҪܵͲҪܡղ飬ɲҲҪˣô
ӦԪһϻشةĽԣĩһġ
ĲӼӦԪ̬ʼձǫо΢һøУ͸¶ڷλ֣֥Ǵ˺սˣḻ㲻Զ̣ҪΪһĨӡֻҪձ˵࣬ôٲ˵ģô
ӦԪ֮ǰѾõ÷ָ㣬֣֥ѾáԭȾʹ⣬йغս£͵ö֣֥
ˣĲӵĻԼ˼ǣ̬ةģĩ֪ô
ĲӼ˵ˣҲûʲô˵ˡͽ˸ӦԪȥˮʦӪء
ӦԪճ˴ãǱ߾һة֣λˣںõȺة
Ĳһ֣֥϶ΪӦԪתغȥԼĲүˡ
һתغүã֣֥ǺȲ裬ЦŵɻǰɷΪνһ£
֣֥Ĳ߽վɫеصͷ
Ĳһ֣֥еٴе˼ɵùЦЦ˺һסЦ֣֥ɻƣʬɽѪɱģʲôûʲôûԸôˣһССν
Ĳһ˵ŻһҡͷȻ߻Լλ
һ£ϰѲ豭ݵǸڵĴۣ硣
ĲǹƢĲ㣬΢΢סȥʱֻ֣֥ߵǰɫ˵ةĲνͷС
û˵꣬ͱĲӴˣɻƣôˣٹţǲνҲһϮ֮ƽ˹
ة֣֥Ļ
ĲӰһ٣ס֣֥Ļе㲻ͷصɻƷİɣղűѾλνһҲʶ֮ˣĺˡ
Ļû˵ֻ֣֥꣬ӻͳһţݵǰ
Ĳ̧ͷ֣֥쳣ʱ΢죬ؽӹ֣֥Ƿš
ŷϲκ֣ʲôǣųţֻǱһֽѡֻһ֣дšӦԪҪ⣬ܵĺǣҶ㡣
Ĳӿɫһ䣬Ȼֻж̶̵һ֣м͸һţһɰ
һ̧ͷɻؿ֣֥˭дţô϶㣿
̣ӦѲҲԼ˵ӦøԼǸ֣֥Ŷԡ
ֻ֣֥ҲɻҡҡͷҲ֪Ϊʲô͸ңһ˺ġ
ʲô˵˺ģĲһಡһ´λվȵʵ
֣֥һû뷴ӦôôһиǵģҲе棬æʵŵô˵ģ˺ʲôˣ
ĲǹҲǺĴʡƽˡھʦûʲôڸ٣˽⳯͢رǾʦǱߵϢͨۡġ
˺飬ۡϵȻ˵ȴ˵˺νĹϵˣĲ֪ӽȴ֪ӽӦԪ֮Ĺϵ
ڴоͿԿǵĹϵͬһ㣬ĲӰԺڣûд͸ӦԪһ
ة˺ʲô·֣֥Ĳڷ㶣ֻٴʵ
ԭԳ͢ĲνǲмѰ˼ôԸҪôԼ͸ɵ
ûͷУյš֣֥ҲǴ󽭴ﴳˣ϶еġеϢȴоһ˿ܹͬĲ˽ˡ
ڼĲӣ֪Լ֮ǰԤǶԵģǸ˺ܴ
Ĳ֣֥ٴη֮£عӽôһһ˵֣֥
Ҫһˣ֣֥ǲµġǻʵ϶ҲжൣġΪʵʲô飬ȥ˲ϣɲ顣
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ôһҪȫԸԼǾ鷳ˡĺҲ³͢һĶԸΪΣĸڴ½ϵġ
뵽֣֥ĲӣĲҲ֣֥˶Էеһ˿ǡ


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ʵһΪԾæʵԵ棿
ʵʵ۴Ƕһʣͷʳ飬ǲ۾ġ
вһѺԼԭ˼Ҫ¬˵ҲҪչٲС˼Ҫ˵˳ȥ˺ôһ͵ԼǱˡ
뵽ӽ΢΢емҪ˺˵óɱﵵĻԼ˵ٿĪ磬պ˹Ŀʵⲻ˵ġ
ӽʱŴһֽ˫ֳϵ£εսĹ״
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û뵽ǣкµء


547 ϲ
ӽ˼ңţرǼƼһ·ۣܿ͵˶֡
Ĵ¸յſʱϾʹŷ߳ˡΪ⸽һֻ˺вд˶
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ӽЦŵϣһаôҲûʲô飬ֻ˳һ˵ȻתԹ˰ٴȥôãмСľȻؼұƽɣٹˡ
ӽѵǰȫĺܡ֮ǰҲй˹˰ٴһҲûƴǣЦűȭӦлү
мС۴һĸмűȭ˵лү
ӽûн飬ٺȥڷԸ֮󣬾̧ߡ
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ӽĿɿڴֻӽȻ̧ͷڷĵ˵һҪѽ²ˣ


548 ϾĽ
ʵӽ˵⻰⣬ΪԸŮūڵ˵ֶһ²ɡ
ӽ˵̧֮ͷӦı飬Ҳֻͣһĵʵţˣô£ӪôôûչأɲУ˶ȥˣ
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ţ졣ӽҨһף˴͵Ӧߡ
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˵̱֮ϵһĵתʸӽ
ӽϽӹϸϸؿԽԽľǸ˭дáԱۡ˵Ա֣֮Ȼеġ


549 Ա֮
ӽ֮󣬰ѵ鱨ݻһߵ̡ĳʵۼ˾Ϳ˵ʦⲻ鲻֪һһ
ӽʵ۵ĸ̾ҲΪп˵˵һػǧԱ£ΪӽԴ˲У˵Ծˡ
һʮأԱľ꣬ΪԱǿ˰ģ΢ЩֶΣؾȫ˰ˡһʮأͱ뽻ʮص˰Щ˰ն䵽صİϡ
еĵطﵽ˾˵ıʮоԱġҲ˵ʮص˰ѹֻһصİϡ
Ҳһͳͳת޵ϰͷϣϰղظ׷
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ӽͷػشʵ۵£һҪı䣬ڻȥ
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еοȻЦŶԳʵ۵£ڳ͢оеоԱɢӦٺ»йṩνͨĹʵ޶ˡ飬һ·Գ
ʵһãüͷһʦ˼ǰԱⷽ¿ɸɣ;ѡ
ʱĿƾٿԣӽʱĸ߿ѶȸߡǧľţֻͨмСһ˶ѡ
ЩͨľŵԱͻڵطΪһ鲢ټ


550 ƾ֮
˼ӽ΢Ц
ƾһ£ǣһȫ漰˸ϵкܴĻʵۣһõĻǲȥƾƶȵġ
㣬ӽ֪ʵҲףʵʦ֮
ӿƽʮʡоԺȣطоԺ;ʦоԺϵطоԱѡΡǨԼӦƷĹ淶оԺΪпƾƶȵһ䣬ǿоչƼ֮ܡһӴĲγƾٳ˲šоԺз˲ŵһֻΪ䡢ͻĻƣȲӰԭпƾ֮;ø˲ܹΪЧ֪ΪΣ
ӽ룬ǿһµĳͷ֮·ҲǹŴû߹·
ҲȻôһ룬֮ǰѾһ֡ȳ˾ʦоԺһЩɹʵʵʾЧӦŽλ˳
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Ȼʵĵͬ⣬Ҫİ塣
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ʦ˷㻹ʲôҪôʵۿӽ¶һ˿ڴ
ӽһЦ£оԺ֮˲ŻʵǶˣֻмγһõоѡεĻŻ󣬵õ˲ҲŻá
ʵ۵ͷšһӽĽ⡣ĻоԺԱʵպܽĿǰԱдڵķ
˸ӣǰѱֽ
ʵһӽĻо˵ֽܣĵ΢Ц
ӽʵ۵ı仯֪뵽ʲô˵øˣԶԴ壬оգֻҪ˵еǱû˵ݣ߷ʲôͶԿǳֻҪǳͿԵøѣٸѧҵϼӷ֣Ув˻ġ
ʱڸ׸ʹˣʵ۾ӽ뷨ʸһ顣
ûϷֻӽеϢ
оԺߣԭֻ͢ǸɢͷΣ˵˾ֻһѡҪ͢٣û̫
оԺӦٺ»ȴҲܴ׬ȡǮƣóиԱϲּġ
ڰ˺˵ôԺ·Ǵƾٵһ󲹳䣬˵һ·
ôһоԺԵҪˣ˵Ȼͻעе档
뵽ʵ£˺ʵʩĻȷʵвٺô֮ǰооԺܣоԺֻǹΪӦôӹΪá
ʵһӽʵ˼ǣ
ʿƴ˽ػش£ƾٳνԵһȡоԱֻǶԿƾٵһֲ䣬ΪԽһڸϽɡ
ӽڱһ̲סѵ´ˣǰ˵ȫʱ򣬳ҪһҼǵ˵ҲҪڸܡô鶼ڸ᲻̫ۻڸ󸨳
˾תӽҡͷ˺ֻ֮Ǽ˽۶ѡ͵ǰҪȫҲˮ·ռ֮ǰڵ浽ȫռһ죬оԺһΪڸϽҲ١
ʵһԼµһӣһλӵۡһᣬͷԼĿ̫֮ңԶԺ顣оԺ֮£޿ȹģ֮ٿǷ͹ڸͳϽλ俴ɺã
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뵽ͶԳʵ˵ǣ顣
Ҳû飬顣
ôйоԺͨеķһ£ڳжһ¡ӽкȻֳһͬ죬òҲǺһЩ鳣õֶΡ
ڳˣ˭Ҳû뵽֮оԺĳȿƾٳΪţ·
ΪоԺˣһͣЩƾٳˣҪǸ͵ĻǶԺȥȲ裬ǳȥȿȡ
ʵº󣬾ЦŶӽʦ㲻ھʦʱһϢ


551 ޵
һǺϢӽɵЦˡǰʱһкϢĻԼʵ۵ģֵԼˡ
ӽа룬ϣԺԽԽɣ΢еʳʵ۵£ʲôϢ
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ӽһǲ죬ôỹнݾǰæʵôʲôݾ
ʿӽӣ֪˺в֪ˡ
תʵ£͵ͼһۡ
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ָʵǱ̫ƽůǴձůǧ㴦¸绪
ӽüͷŵͼû˵ʵۼˣе㵣ǵʵʦûһӡô
һǰĵ·ô⽨֮¾ͶһݰաϾһֱߣ̫ˣһܹʱ̡ܶ
ӽʵʻһᣬ̧ͷ£ͼԭٿ¡
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˵꣬ȥжּȡӽǷͼǰԭͼĵطֻгʵۺж֪
˺üĿˣеӽ
Ҳֻ֪ϾǷƵĵͼΪ˱ܣȥһЩ˻óԭͼ˵©ʲôҪĶӽüͷ΢ʽ͵
ڵҲǼһͼԭ棬˻һӡ֪Ƶͼ֮ȷʵ˲ٶ
ҪӽܴͼϿʲôӡ֤Ǹ˵ĻǾܸǶһġ
ڼ˵ڴУжܿʹŵͼҴҸˡ
е˶˳Ļֻӽ֪ߡ
жͼҵϣƵӽǰʣʵ۶е棬վӽ߹ۿͼԭ档
ӽü棬ΪǴĿȥ˻汻һ˿˿ָֻߣڵͼ½ǵͼ˵бǺߡ
ϲ˵ضߵĳʵ˵£Ǻ˵Ļġ
Ŷʦʲôˣʵһעʵ
ӽͰķʵ۽͵뿴ʵִĺߣǴǰĺߡȻִǿУҪ˳ķУҲʡ١˳ΪҲǴӡ֤˺˵Ļġ
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ӽôһʣһ£Ĵǿʲôеģ˶ʲô̭ˡ
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ʵˣϾӽֻǻġʵʦʲôܵõ
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ʵ۵Ȼ᲻ͬˣӽҪʲôԭϣжȥá
ǣĻĸˣΧһŰϵˮš
Ϊӽס˺죬ˮտ󣬾Ϳʼǡӽ͸󣬰ԭ˵һ顣
жǰȴû뵽м仹һıʾ΢΢е
ӽ͵£תΪתΪܵĹ̺ܸӣҲֻ֪һԭѣҪдʵ̲С汻ˣ޵ˣ


552 õǰ
ʵһ˵Ǿϳרŵо
£ͬھͳозһҪ˵ӽɫ˵
ʦʲô龡˵ʵ׼
ӽ³ʵ۵֪Ǹö󣬼ҪɹѵзһڵḶ́ʱԼЧĲųɡ
ʵӽڰֵʦˣ޵Ȼ֪ҪĶҪ϶ô׵ġĺˣеȡ
ʷϵĳʵ֮ûģȫǱƵġǰ̣ٳٲսеǮȴĴΪֻдߴˡ
ڵĳʵȴһˣɶսֿסˡؽ֮صũҲûˣ仹ֺʱȶġټϳʵǮȻеġ
ӽ˳ʵ۵ı̬΢΢ͷ˵ģǵûȱһܷϣġ
Ŷ𽺣ʵһʵ
ӽԴ˲˽⣬ֻܸӡ˵£ǵòǺˣֻ֪𽺵ȴȴľҪȥϷѰҲУܿܶǻС
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ʵԭޣʱڲڶǡΪӽļæһҿķҷ⽨֮٣ʹôںط
ʵӽĻشⲻ⣬˵޾ǰȥѰΣ
ӽͷַ£ڶǵƴ۸ӡ鲻ҪɳٷǰȥѰ𽺣ɹǰ⣬һ׬ǮѰ𽺣̽鱨Ϊ㶫׼
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жһˣ˵ǶҲȥ顣ڼжһˣû˵
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ӽȻʵθԽԽˡʺжҲһؿͻش£ĺöȥˣûлġ飬ǰѻȴãԺõĶ
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ӽ۸˲֪Σǽ˵˳һ˽ݺݵһΡ
ӽ˵һκ󣬿ʵۺʡж˵ӣкˬ¶΢Цվţǻع
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ӽ֮ǰǴûϾȻֻɻ˵֮ĶЩƲֵܳĶںѾʵˡôӽ˵áֻ벻û⻰ҲΪȻˡ
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ӽԳʵۣĶ£ڵĽܹˣһҪܾõʱ䣬ԽĿеɿƼ֮󣬾Ͳ⡣Ǹңһںţһʱǵľӳϵκһ䡣Ժ綼ǴģҲһܹܵù
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ЩԶҪŬȥ׻˵ǧ֮Уʼ¡һҪӿƼӹ֮оԺ֮Żõ졣ӽڳ˵
˵̫ƽůӽЩչǰǿƼҪԡĿǰЧҲӽôˮ


553 ¾
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ʵ۽ϵһµʦεսй¾ܽϸ޺⡣
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ӽʣͷǡ
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ӽһҡҡͷǱ߿϶ǽ²ľפĿǰ¾࣬Ժͽ²ӲӲ˳룬ڵһѰһ֮²һݵġ


554 ˿ɽһ
ӽ¾ʱ򣬴ļֵ˵¡
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˴εսµıܣ͢ҪΡֻΪӽԭ򣬵սûΪ̴͢ҲûϽ׷ͲֻƽϾȥôˡ
ʵͳܶ׽ְ֮͢µı顣ܶһְɱֲĺг棬߾¡
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ձĹϵս֮һֱڲ䲻ȵĽ׶Ρﴫͥ˴ηּձҪ̽ձȨ߶Դ̬ȾΡ
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ﴫͥôһû뻹թôһϢ
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˿ɽһɺѱӷ£ͬʱһáﴫͥôһ˵ظʹĺˣ˵תġϸڣʹĻȻû⡣
ﴫͥ˸ƣ˿ɽһɺȵþе࣬˵ǰûи򣬵Σﴫͥеԭ
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˺ܶӣ˵ĺɽ֮ǿʢֻҪձһлȻʱ£ǴձƽֵĹپ档
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ʱĵ´ĻȽ⣬һҲжԪͳʱڡҲ˵Ļڶ´λӵ´ҹȻûȫȨ͵´ҹһͳձ


555 Զ
´ҹⱻ²ʹԶ˵ΪĶϾձǸɽ𡢺Хĵռӵһڴ½ϵأһֱձЩӵ׳־ͳġ
ձһͳߣǵ´ҡ͵´ҹⲻһǣ᳼㼪»쳤֮ʱʮꡣ
᳼㼪ձڵΰˣձսʱձ˿ʱ޵еĴڡ
ôǿʵǰڳʵ˳Ҳӡ֤ʵһоͱˡ
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ˣ˵´Ҷһֿ־еġԭʷϣĹ۵ҲӰŵ´ҹ⣬ձٶԴ֮ġ
ʷͬ´ҵĹûӰ쵽ӣ²˵ˣ͵´ҹԴ˷Ӧ̬ȡ´ǲԶĻһֱǿ󡣶´ҹȽŽ²սɴ콨²
ʱﴫͥˣͼӾ˵´Һ͵´ҹìܡζԴͽ̬ϣ˫˭Ҳû˵˭һֱš
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ﴫͥ˿ɽһɵԭ򡣵ڱϣȴ˵⻰Ǳűٵİɣô죬ûʹߣ
˿ɽһһԭȾƶͱøˣصᣬʹ߾͡ڶߵڶ֣߸ߵϹšźľǡ
ŶԿڲˡﴫͥһ˵һһӲ˸˿ɽһɣȻװĵʵ˶ˣ
˿ɽһɸмõӸϽȥﴫͥеĲˣֻһ˻ͻ˰ϡﴫͥʻһȥץһ˵࣬͹ࡣ
ﴫͥ˱㲻˵ֻֿʼһعơ˿ɽһԭͺȶˣûʱ䣬˾൹ڵذϺ˯ˡ
ﴫͥˣͣκζһ顣
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һеɡﴫͥͰ۾һɺȵհ죿
ǰ͢нһʹΪе㲻ףǱȭӦкȥˡ
˴ﴫͥձӶǽУξΪձĹϵѡγĽУξебµġ
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ﴫͥЩͻȻ֮˵ǿ֪Ϊձٳûʥּô
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ġȱ̬
Уξٻ̬ˣԼҲﴫͥ˵ͷ׷ױ̬ԣġ
ﴫͥͷͽ²ĹϵҵȺͽ²ʹҲϵֻн²ʹˣձûѡǾܻγձĽ²Ǻ˵İɵģɱҲΪ飡
֮ǰʱһֽУξﴫͥ˵Ҫɱ²ʹʱ΢е㵣ǡ²ɱܴܲùǸ⡣
ʱЩ²ʹ߾ȻǺеİ࣬һ¾˿
ﴫͥڳ˶ûзԣ˵ѾЩ²˳٣͵Ƚҹȥɱһ⣬Ϊ飬ҵȶһشĶԶ


556 Ǳٷŵû
ﴫͥѾ˵úˣǺͽ²ʹ߲ĹϵԶ೬Ĺܹ㣬ԭӣҲ˵
µľҲһѵĸоϾƾãУξﴫͥôһ˵ѪӿԥرȭӦе
ôˣﴫͥ˰żɿĽУξ֮⣬˵ȶڴݡ⻹Ϊ׵ļжķһɱ
ҹʱ֣պҹڷҹﴫͥͷͽУξһǽ²ʹݱϡ
ϵĺȷɡΪ˱գĸɵĽУξȥʹſڰ˯ձڱ˹
ûһᣬﴫͥ͵õӡ֤ǽ²ʹݣҽ²沢
ͷļﴫͥ͵Ҫɱȥ
ﴫͥûű紵ҡڵĵ˼š
ҪǰԭƻɱȥĻɫ̫һѷ½²©֮㣬رǲ©ǸԶ
Ž²ʹݣȻ¶˾ģΧߵĽҷŻգһɱ
ٻһͷȷ˽²ʹݵĻתͷﴫͥǲе㲻ףڷҪ¿Ʋסơ
ﴫͥһֻһЦСһв֮ģһѵֺηбٵţֻȥУΨһҪ˶
ﴫͥǲԥӦһȥ׼ˡ
ûʱ䣬ͬʱʹϷ緽λļطðƣϾͱܴʹûһڴС
ܿʹڴ־ҽкͿ޵ֻƸûȣûĽ²׷ӡ
Ǹһӳʹſڣӭǵһꡣµӳ˲ǳѾǲˡ˽²ǻᴩ״ټ⣬ûһӹ١
ﴫͥһ߾ؿʹȼգſڵĽ²мȥȫ޶ԡ
ձֵܻԭɣ߻һʱ򣬾ͱ˷ˣľܳȻ
ⲻͨĻ֣ǹݻͬʱӼ㿪ʼ𣬷ִԵձ˵ľʱʹѾһƬ𺣣û˳ˡ
ﴫͥձ˵Ķٵһᣬ˳»ƣ֪޻ڣˡ
ԭνͶ²Ⱥһܱ١һȰ¾泬ɽ桢ơɽ棬Ϊ²ײߣϹĺԶô׵ر硣
˵ʹϷڣȻڽȻ죬ȴȻﴫͥܽΣԼֱӻȥˡ
ɫ΢ʱ򣬴ʹﴳһձʿӵһձڵҪʹ
ǻǱȽǵģûֻһķŭ
ﴫͥñƵسУξǰסһʱ֮䣬μš
ձߵһﴫͥܵҴձĴ󽫾
Ϊ֮ǵ´ҹ⣬ͷش˽ܣ÷ŭﴫͥʵǲݵĻ𣿡
ʹ߿϶ٰѰֳһЩ˿˱ãӵڱֻҪﴫͥϣ֤֤ڣʱûٵˡ
ûﴫͥȴŲæصͷǱս²Щѳ˵ö֮кβô
´ҹһ㶣ſ뷴ȴ˼˵úҲ
ôҲλˣһתʵ֪Ҷٳķô
¼ԷϣԼ˷ŭְ׼ΧŹЩˡ
ﴫͥһû飬ɫһ䣬΢ŭطʵҴ̫ʵ۴ͶȹţʶʮһνŴмѡɶȾȻӴʣҴʵΪŭһֱȶʹ˵ѹ꣬ȴû˵ɱǰһʣȻҴô񣿡
ʵձĹϵҶ֪ΪսѲͷĹϵˡ
ڲǴĻʵۣձĵȨ߶ѻ֮ĹϵΣȴûһۡ
´ҹʹ߲ͱˡӲǿߵĻˣ׵´ҵһۣ˵εǿ󣬲ɵ
ͬǰĽʹ˵ѵһĵزôʹ߾Ͳǿơ
´ҹڶηʵǰ󷴲̫󣬾ҲŲӣһʱֽסˡ


557 չ
ʱʹſִһŽһˣΪ׵һʮ꣬ͷ΢е㷢׵ձˡ
´ҹһε΢һգͷһ͵״ˣ
´ûӣ϶ѳЦݣðغﴫͥʹҪ֣ȮǱɱˣ飬Ȯӽһᡣ
ΧﴫͥߵĽУξƿԣʹԼŵĻ⻹ɶ飿
ûղﴫͥ˵ûˣǽҲᱻ
ﴫͥȴûһرֻ֣΢΢ʾ¡
´ҹϵӸ룬ʹһתΪһԲӵһһѡ
´ڵõʹͬ󣬱תԼӵһ¡
һᣬ˽ڵһڡһȥ֮󣬵´ҹûĹǫˣԵ´ҵղʹԼѳϷŻˣ
´ҵ岻ǺܺãҲ紫λ´ҹԭԼȥλ£Ȼ̧ͷԶӵҪôбǵ´ĵλҪôǺôģǵ´Ȩôˣ
Ƿ᳼㼪Ĵºţ´ҵ˽һֱôƺġ´ҹʱְЩⷭ˵дȴ֮ǰʱһˡ
ʹ׷ɱѳ˿˼ɷǿʳձ룬ֻܹΪɽǿ
´ҹ֮ǰûᣬͱ˵ﴫͥżʶʲôǿơ
´Ҽӵ粻˵ڽʹûһڣͽҲˡǿǻԼʹҴձôôʱ˵ǣֻ˵ǿ󡣼ȻǿΪҪð֮ˣ
´ҹɫԽԽѿԼ֮ǰ뷨ѵˣ
´ҽһ̬ûưѷ֪ȥˡ
ǣȰ֪үүΪɱܿ˳ô
´ҹ΢еԾ⻰ǵһ˵һ£΢΢ҡͷȻŴ𰸡
ǼڽۿյĴˮʦȫǴĴֻǴöҪ֪⻹ֻǴʵһĴӶѡձսֹЩЩϼڱϣһүү֪ôһȻǿʢ٣ҲССձܺġ
ǰĺ֮ģҵ´ȡҵ´Ҫⲻ֮ģҲȻᱻĴȡ㵽˺ձȨзǷ֮룬ҲȻ̨
´ҪǱӽˣȻᾪ̾˵׼
˵¶־֮ɫͻ˵Ϊҵ´ҵͳһ˳ʵЩûһǺദģȡҵ´ҡ֮ô紫λ㣬սλƹ£ᱻЩпɳ֮Լ֮ĺܳһʱ䣬ҪԹҵ´ҵȨΪһô
´ҹ亹ڶͷðʱᵽϵ仰ûҪԼзǷ֮Ļ͵ǰԼƨ˸ʿɽȥˡ
ԭʷϣĹԱɺ塣ʱӦֻǺΪ籩Ųѷ
ӽµĻһ۾ܿص˼Ƕл֮֮ġ
ԱҲԲУձףѰձѵߣʱ˽²Ҳܵͳ֮¡
ӽŬ£Ѳܷˡ
ձͳߴһ£ͺôˡ
ûã˴ӷ϶Ц
´ҹﴫͥһϹ˽²ʹãûԼٻԷˡ˸еǳźûпǣʹ£
УξһΪԼˡɿձǫ̬ȣȴǲû
ҲǴ۹ľӢܿʹձǰ̬ϲǴǿЩձη塣һʱ֮䣬һΪ˵ԺȻظֱֱͦġ
ﴫͥʼҲ΢΢һ㶣ᣬΪһ΢Ц˵Щѳ˭Ҳסġдģӡ
´ﴫͥĶۺ󣬸Ͻŵ֪ʹҪּ⣿ҵϻȥԡ£ǰʥ⡣
ϵﴫͥа롣⻰ǣ˻ͺðˡ
ǣ´ҹϰʽĳ¡صؽּ·֮ǰһźûʲôֵ顣
ʵ۵ʥּһ·˵´Ϊձ仹ʮһһҪϹںң⻹ʹ˲ٲƷ´ҹ⡣
´ҹǸˣ̬һմʵ۵˼죬һɳʹţʹһǰһϲ鱾ĺϵ
ﴫͥԲ뿪ձ֮ʣ´ҹչֹһжóףͬʱҲžձһȹ̵´ͳΡ


558 ݾе
ڷĴϣУξڶЩת۸еԻ󲻽⣬ЩԻҲ˽ٻᡣ
̲ס˸ᵥﴫͥϷŻͲձ߳ŭǲôϾǳֲС
ﴫͥԲɳʹ鲻͸͵֮ǰپоձˣǹӲġһǿʢ֮ʱǾͺǫв֤
е㾪ϲ˵Ǳֵǿƣˣ
ﴫͥͷȻҡҡͷΣҪҴ֮ǰĺպվǾǱֵǿҲá˵ǳʹߣô
ЦҡҡͷҪǳʹ߸ô类ձ˶ˡ
ⲿʱҪǿ󣬲ӲӦĺôҲв١
ﴫͥһûϵǸ˿ɽһʵǵ´ҵˡԸﴫͥ͸¶²Ϣֻ˭Ҳû뵽ﴫͥȻôݣһѻ
⣬ﴫͥû뵽ǣ˴γʹձΪҪ֮һЩγʹĽĺôֱöΪγ͢ΪԽ
Ȼʱ֪͢ʹձĳɹʱĻ顣
䣬Ǳ飬ΪǷӦôӦʦ󣿡ʵϵ£Ȼ׵
׸վα鲻ãС΢΢һŻ£Ϊڽеɣȷʵʦǰ߾ԶӾʦˣڶ
˵ʱ۽鵽ǰ˺üͷﲻһ
ʦ˺¼ǰ˺ŵһҪλ÷š
΢һתֿʵ˺ȥʻļ󣬾ϳԲմصػɶս²Ϥ¿ѯ˺²дݣ˽ĶࡣĽ飬Ӧпϵġ
ʵһ΢΢ͷΣǫ̬ȻǺ⣬֮ǰ͢һװ½ۡ
һߵڸ׸ףһϻͷ
ʵ۵Ȼ֪³ӶС˼תͷӽʵʦΪΣ
ӽڸղŵʱ뷨ڼʵϻ£ͬ
ŶΪΣ
ʵӽֱ˵ôһۣΪ档ʵҲһ޳ڽеġ
ӽڼ˵飬񶼱Ƚϲ죬ͽ͵£Ҫڽе࣬ĿΪӳǽãҪĳǷڡҴڷʽϵģҪ̭ġݾеô˷ʱһںϸʺܵͣ˻˷Ѵ㡣
ǵģҪڽеĻȻʽڷˡʵ۵ͷͬ
ʽڷȻĸԸ˷ȥþʽڷǺʵġ
ӽҲǵͷӦȻҪʽڷǾ˵ڷʽи֪һй¶ô죿
ӽһ˵ȥĻڵļ˱׹Ϊʲôӽͬڽеԭˡ
ʽڷ˵ûжټѶȡĿǰĹˮƽҪ֪ƣԼĥ˳ȥݿе࣬ʽڷǷܱס
ӽ˵⻰ʱһׯأҲࡣʵۺԼˣˡ
ӽȴûʹգ˵λǰߣҪн²ϸʽڷȡȥôԺ²ĳǳأȻͻЯǴڡôжٳǳסڱ²Ĵںأ
ʵӽĻҪ淢ʦ˵飬ǳرڵļ֮⣬ǳضҪˡ²ʦʱЯ˹ǴڣǺò롣
뵽ʵϵ亹ʼˡҪǽʦԼֻǺĻ˵ͻΪ򵥵ľͬеˡ
˭֪ӽû꣬˵ʹӵĹգĿǰŷ޻ûʽڷȻģڡʽڷҴԽҪй¶ȥˣԺǿеʱ򣬾һ˵ʤķһȻӰ쵽⽨ĹߣȻӰ쵽µĽ̡
ʵ亹ˣ֪ʽڷĺã˵һʽڷ֮󣬾ܣȼǼ׵ȡΣǵʶûԺӽǿ˲в
ԭʷϣݾ˾еֱ࣬ǰڣ󶼱˽²


559 
ʦҪѣҪ´ˡʵ۲˲ͷĺҵ˵
Ҳһ߰̾գҺû˵ЩĵĽۣһξҪڻǰ²õӡˡ
ӽ˳ʵ۵Ŀ佱ֻ΢΢һЦ˵ˣǳ˵º͸λҲ뵽ġ
ҡҡͷ˺ԽԽٳˡ̾һ£Ȼ뵽һ£ʵ˺Ӿʦ˻ڹȥ᲻ᵢǰߵսأ
ӽ΢һ룬Цŵô룬͵ͬе࣬õģڡ͵һ˳һҲҪһµҡھʦʽڷֻ輸һţһµʱ䣬Ҫ˵ݹҲˡ
˵ͷӽ˵е¾취Ļʱ˵ʵҲࡣ
ֻӾʦȥĻһҪǵǣɽصݵ·ϣҪײ²ҹܡӽŲ
׸ղӽ˵и뷨ϸһᣬȷʵǸ⣬Ϳ˵˺Ļ·Ţ㻹Ҫǵġ
ӽתͷףЦŵ˵öԣҲҪǡ
תʵ˵˳飬ҲϷѾʦͨɽ·ˮһ顣
ʵˣɻʵʦ˼ô
ӽˣЦſЦǰѵǮԼޣ
ʵһҲҲЦ£ӽ͵˼ֻǾ·ļֵߣûж˻Ǯ
ᣬΪӻԾ̶Ȳ͡ӽҡҡͷжϵ
ʵһͲˣΪΣ
˺ľͷԷܶ͢׬ǮĴʩǳԴӡ侳
ֻӽгضԳʵ˵£Ϊ֮ǰ·ʾڡؼǣ֮ǰܶ˶û·ռô鷢е·٣ܶΪû򵽶Թԡͬ·Ȼն·ľԤڱȽϵͣΪ͢ѹ涨׬ģֻջرǮʱĳ̶ѡ
Щֲ̼ԸǮҲûϵΪΪͨɽص·жӦĻ𣬲֮ɹ㡣⣬һЩ֪·ȻᷱٵģǾһǮ
ӽⷬóʵۺǺ棬æʵ˭·ôᷱˣ
ȴ׹ˣʵʣû˵ӽش𣬷ԵûϺеɶ
ҷ⽨֮£֮ǰй滮һ½·˵˽²ͨɽص·Ǳؾ֮·ڿʼˮ·һɽʣΪ׼ڳ͢˵һٶáЩ֪ķǶȻǻǮͶʣǴǰʱ򣬲Ǯʱϡ
ʵӽ˵˸ͷʱˡӽһ˵꣬תʵΪΣ
Ϊԣ͢ʹǼ֮ȨûǮϵѹ·޶˶Գֻ͢кôûл΢ЦŻص
˵ȡ˵⣬ڸյݵطϵ£Ҫ͢ڵҲЧʦˮ·
һߵ̼ˣæǰȡ£׸ʵۡ
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ӽ΢һ²Żش£֮£мôġ·޺ˣˣİҲáֻһҪע⣬ֻ׳⣬͢һҪܺá
ʵͷȥĩʼĸһӹеҲǸеĿġҪѧ̫ʵһǵƤˡ
΢һ룬Ͷʵط·֮£Բοżҿ֮·ʵУֻһҪüල֣һɷ亣ȥͲվȥ
ӢȻǻ˵ģһƨ
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ʵ˵֮󣬴þˣڼųǰ˸Ȼ˵½·ˣ˲鲹ĴҲˣһж׼֮Уϣһ˳
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ʵۿӽȽϽŵӣҲеæʵôʲôô


560 ƻ
ӽһʵˣ͸Ͻ͵ǣΪǼҪˣŻͷ¾ʱáǼˮֿȡ
ʵһЦԭԼˡ
ҲһЦŸӽ͵ʱҴ;ȥˡֻҪͲ󡣡
ӽͷģǳںϵ֣СĵӦû⡣
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ʵӽĻе㲻ӽ˵⵽ʲôüͷϰԵ΢壬΢ţӽʦõѲȥô
ӽЦŻظºüԣ̨Ϣʦ¾ٳĻЩϢͻʧЧϾɶغһκ·¾࣬ӴжҲͻ֮ǰ
ʵһҲеʵʦǰȥ
ӽͷشǵģǰȥҲܼʱӦѾҲĥ£⵽սϳ⡣
ʵͬˣϰԵڳı飺䣬ΪΣ
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ӽһˣз΢΢е㲻˼ñ֮Լ¼ˣ
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ȴûӽںûд̣󣬸Լʷ֪ʶԼʱڵ˽⣬Ӯ˼̡
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ˣʦǰɣϣʦܸһϲʵۿӽϣ˵
ʱһѵ£ϵ㣬˺ٻר֮Ȩ
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ӽһһжʱĳʵۣоһ߸ϵĻʵۣһλصĻѣŶˣѡ
һᰲȻģûְأ
ӽĻһĻڵļЦ˲١
ǣڽļڣӽͿʼְ¾ǰһ¡а룬γ䲻ĹȥһҪյʱ򣬺ݺݵôһ½²Ҫĳɱһ
ʱū̫Ҳӽһ㣬ʼּƻˡ
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ʱ֪ձʹԶպñʹﴫͥײɱ˸ɾ
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̵ֽĻ𣬶Ӱ죬˵ԴӰǾ޴ġǰʱʲôƻˣֱҽһʣܵõص鱨
ڣ̫ƵɹȥȴһĨڡѾһƹһΣӦˡƵȥܲƹǸ⡣
ЩҪǻڣ̫֪Ƿĳ̶ΣҲӶߵĴۡ
һ޷ٹȥôԶһǷԣҲҪ鱨֧֣򲻿һĨھײȥ
̫žͷӷ֣վʼڵⲽ
ôһȻǹ£ȴʲôð취
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̫֮࣬ټ
ֻĳϲؽһһ䣬ͨһڵЦϲӣϲӣϲ
̫һеĺ㱻ĳ̵ˣæʵūţûһء˵ϲӺ


561 ҵ
ĳ̧ͷŻ̫ϲЦػصӣҵĴڵˣһ
̫һ㶣ΪԼˡôöûҵĴڵȻĳ˵ҵˣоʵ
ĳ̼̫סˣ΢ߵӣҵĴڵˣ
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ĳͷЦӵǶʧֱӵĳĸжͶˡ
̫ˣ֮ǰչִܵսƷЩĺ˳ʧȥ˶ģͶ˴
ԵɣЦûԼѾ֯һΧս¬ûɵȴջ˻Ĵڵ
ĳ̫̿ЦÿģҲЦһʱ֮䣬ڴЦЩԾ֪󺹺Ǹʲô£Ȼôġ
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̫ˣһЦ˺һᣬסЦĵȥĳ̡
ĳһܳݷڵأƨɾø߸ߵأͬʱ˵ūͷūŻ̿֡
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̫΢ЦúͰ˵ʶʱΪܣȻ˵㣬չΪҴһǸ˵ģɡ
лӲ֮ٿһͷȻվֻǻʹͷһᴹڿȱߣһźȥԵ΢еš
ǺôǲΪ޺ܲб̫˵鶯ȻͰʵ
һæ̧ͷ˫Ұڵǣǡ
ˣ޵ĲбֻЩ𣬺ʹΪеˡǣΪЧͷĺˣٻ󣬶ָտɴֻҪǺúΪЧΪĴڣǷҲǲܵģô
̫˵⻰ʱвأ˵һľսһ崺硣
Ȼ̫һ˵꣬˱վס¹±̬ӷģūһĴڡ
ãÿլһĶŮ¸ʮȺĴ֮գʮʹǡ
̫һ¾˸ֱʣ֮ǰΪū˴ΪϲûūȻô󷽣ͷ
ǰ£޲һ裬ܷո֮ǰĴ̫˸ǹžҪˡ
һ࿴˿ɫеΪѡʱߵķĳһ
ӣūžֻҪһֱʵ죬Ӧû⡣һǸˣҲ൨Ӵһ㣬Ϳ˵
ã̫һȻԷĳ̵䣬ȥһˣλٿ
ūĳӦ
ŷĳ̰⣬̫ɿʼҪԼȻź´ڳɽأһɽʽĺ˵ɽҲһ
ҪͶγսԵƣɹ˿أȨȫڴСɽصĴ𣬾Ͳƫɶĵطʶ±Ǯİ
ɽعԶͽݴӦû⣬Ϊǳعɽ⣬ȫΧ
ţֻ̫δǻԻͣɵֹЦ
ͬգڷĳ̸ڵһƫƴԼĬĬ
˺һᣬſڵѾŮ¸ʮֻҪԸңȥ˵£Ӧûġ
ƴ͹ֶû˵ֻǵͷŵϡ
һͼȰ˵ǿҵŮϱǸҶΣǶֵһܺùðջ˵ܲӻ̵ǾӻȥΣ˵ܱ֣ûܻסǡ


562 İ
ƴ͵̧ͷĻᶨ˵㲻ȰˣҼһڽ²֣֮ҸҲǻд˴ζΪ²ģ
ǰʱڴƴ类ϢʬǶҰˣֻҵһ绹ǹڴ·
˵ܲãΪ²ٴδʤʹǲٶʦϣ
ʱҵһλѹĵһڵĵݣԼݣΪ²Чˡ
ƴĻҲ̧ͷڹҲĸźӣҲҪһ棬ǣңҹ£ͲȰˡ
λֵܵĻش𣬳Ĭһε̾˿Ȼ˵Ȼ˸־ҲǿˣԼСġ
˵֮תͷߵſڣţż
ڴʱֺȻתͷ˵ҪûаգòҪ֣Ҫģ
ڲʱһ죬ûжãǺȡʦŵ˺ܶ࣬ǳˬð¡
һ뾩ʦܽĵطͣסӳһˡվڳϣһ˿棬̧ͷűǡ
ǽΡ룬̲ס̾û뾩ʦĳǽȽĻҪ߰
ݳǸˣЦ˵ӣⱱ̣ȻҪߴһЩˡ
˾Ƿǰʦķǣһ·ʵԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽƵǺ棬ۼ
ϼ˵˵ɶʱֻſǱߴһ˷׷߱á
һܿ쿴һֵ֧֣ܳǶ
Ǹ˸Ͻǣܵһߣóײ˾ӣϴ鷳
Ҳ³վ·עֵ֧
δôһ֧ʿòǴӴͳսۣȻǴŻ̵ؾбһ֧率ǵ۾Ƚϼ⣬Щʿͷδסַ֣ǾȻǶ̷
֧Уÿʿ֮󣬱һƥƥһԷǵļʶܿóڳֻ涼òţ޷֤
֧ľͲоĿбӣнϱõİҲǾʧı飬еĻںšʤĿںšЩϸУǵóۣ֧Ӧһ֧ܾʦջӭľӡ
˺óʱ䣬֧ӲŹ꣬һǧ˵ӡ
ǺǺ棬ǸݳļˣҲ֪֧ɶӡһ£ԸȰѳϵ͵ʦլȥ䣬ͷԻѰȥ
ѵʦҲûвĵģȥ
²ţǱߵİմλ̨ղųǶȥ֧ʲôӣ
ʻǸʿһЦŵ˺ĺо㶼û˵İɣ
һ΢곤ʿӣҲЦ˵ǴӽİɣҲֲªţһݱֽ߶ȥݾ¥֪֮ö࣬ʶ
Ǳ˵΢е㲻˼ǰʱ򣬶Ϸ챱ʿӱӱʿӡ
ڵãЩʿӱֳԽУ÷ΪϰߡҵʹԸм΢Цȭһл
ȻǱ˳ǣڳŲԶҵһ¥ȥ㣬˳Ҳаʿ˵ȥʶµ˼
һȥһ¥һСܹˣ͹ʲô
Ҫ˵ʳȻʵʲôô
СһЦŵ͹ٴͱϾͷֵרŵĶֻžǡ
ǸˣҲôһҪӡԵԼ̫֪û׷ʵףֻǵͷʾ֪ˡ
Ȼûһᣬһ۽ãû˵СѳˡæӭȥЦкһһֽǮһֽֽ
ۿо˼ֵЦ뿪ˡΪҾ¥Ϊ˱õֽһǮ۾Ȱѱֽ͵ˡҲ׬һݺϷ죬˭Ҳ˵ʲô
Сõֽ󣬱ڴò͵˵λ͹ٴ
һ¥ò͵ʳͶĵͷûʲô飬Ȼ֮ˡ
С˾¥Ժûһᣬһ˵ŶǸͳˣűֽһרŵ̨Ͽʼ
ǶȻ΢еԶȴҲտǵĵӢۣҡ
һֱ뿪˺ܶݣͽϵķȻͬϴڹĵĲʫʸ踳ǲӼˣӢۺܣʱ¡һЩרҵĽ֮
вǷǸȤģȻլӣͷٺúù䣬ܲԼдʲôǵǱֽ򣬲ЩСҽʿӡ
Щ飬ֽͨʼشȫҲøһЩ˽⵽˲˻ϲǡ


563 ֣֥ľ
ɫϦѸѲڽֵӳû졣һֽȥ֮ʱֵȻһ󼱴ٵ
ԶܿʿףϦĹâԵеҫۡ
쵽Ѳſʱſʼ١ѲſվڵʿͷĿϵˣæӭȥѰةô
Ϊ֮˾ѲĳͣѲĲӵĸλ֣֥ս΢һͷʵة
ʱӦں鷿ԼȥǡŵʿͷĿ˵⻰Ȼ֪ԼҴ˺ͺλĹϵ
֣֥ͷҴŶȥЩЩѲıдġ
ĲӹȻ鷿ʱȫע֡˲ţֱŶͷҲֻ̧ʵǷɻô
֣֥ӦһȻߵĲӵǰҲûд֣Ϳ˾䣺ةдһֺ֡
ĲӸպд꣬ѱʶϣȻ̧ͷЦŶ֣֥ɻƲҴҶΪ˿Ϸдְɣ
֣֥üͷ΢壬΢еػصҪ¡ةз˵͢Ͼʼ캣ˣҲٻս
֣֥˵£ĲҲЦݣ֣֥һߵĲ輸£һҡߵ
ſӦһͣĲӹһүкηԸ
һۣ㡣ĲӷԸһ󣬲߽֣֥ߣŲ輸¡
ɻưϷҲյõϢ촫˵˵顣
йⷽ飬֣֥ĲжˣҲȡһõϢҴҸˡ
ة˵͢궼ûôģĽˣôͻȻֿʼأ֣֥벻ͨüͷšüˡ
Ĳҡҡͷ֣֥˸һϣʵֹϾʼսԭͬĴҲʼ¶ˣϷ˲ٴȥ⡭
˵΢֣֥һͷҲ˹һ㡣
ֱ֣֥ˣĲӣҲӴ˹ȥ׼ʲôϢҪ˵
͢ǳ촬飬عٸϣʧְ۴Ĳڰ֪ݶ˵˳
֣֥΢˴һԺʵ⡭͢ʲô
ҷ⽨һ£ĿǰֻǾʦϼĹԱ֪ĲҲ֪ʵ顣
ҲԻҡҡͷϷҲ˵Ҫ֮սڴĵˣЩɶ²ûˮʦ
֣֥Ȼ뵽һ㣬ʵѵ͢Ҫ¿Ϻ̵Щڳ͢ϵôͬأ
Ĳӿ֣֥һۣе㲻صʲô͢ϵˣ˵Сĵ㣬ûڸ󸨳³ô
֣֥һûĲӵ˼
ز鵽ǽ̰ȥģ³ǰչȥְûȴк³Щ֪ɣҪ˵øǽжĲֻø֣֥͵
֮е㲻ȫǾ֣֥ЩаĴˣҪһ·ĻԼҲûк³˶֣֥֮ǰ˵ʽȽС
֣֥ҲǽϻģǸ˾ٳϵĶȻ˽Ĳ࣬ȴҲܿ׹ĲӱȭǸĩʧˣة¡
ʵĲӺ֣֥һ湲ͬ壬ҲΪ˹֣֥
ֻĲҡͷȻ͵͢˺Щ̲޹ϸ˺֮죬û˸鷳ˣǰʷŷȨѾûˡֻҪ˺Ѻġ
һ˵˺Ĳˣ֣֥ǸӦԪΣ
֣֥һͷˣةӦԪһ̥ĩڽϻô꣬ûˡ
Ĳһ֣֥Ȼôһ֣æʵôˣз
֣֥ͷȻҡҡͷЦ˵ĩֲˡ
ʱʹ۲ˡֹһ̸˰һаͣ˳ȥ
֣֥Ĳʣͽ͵ĩЦˡһת۾ҸĿָˮӪʿ䣬ǲĩţֻҪҪ󣬶ʹ͡סЩˮӪʿһ𣬻ӪУսϡ
ĲӳԾص⡭ģҪǽǣ
֣֥ԻصĩʼҲôΪǳĩֶĩأʱкսϵĩĩЩ飬϶ţȴһŲܡĩ˽˽⣬ӦԪҲδ˵ʲôйĩĻҲû£˵Ļ·𡭡·ѧˮӪս֮
Ĳӳһϵ֮ǰĻ⣬˵ǱʲôٶҪؽˮʦѧİɣ
˵֮룬־òܣ˵ǳ͢촬ӦԪľٴ룬Ǿ䣬ܻ¶ǵĿģʱɡ
ǲ֪ӦԪȻͼģѧսô򵥡


564 ʿ
ΪӦԪˮʦ߽죬ǳ͢Ϊûбһ˿£ˣ֣֥ǽǵ飬ʵЧϣȴǱĬıЩʿ䣬ر֣֥Ͷϵʿ䣬Գ͢Ŀ
ǱĬһĳ̶ȣӦԪһȻͻһ˸Ҫȥ˵
⣬ӦԪʵһƣ֣֥µĺЩˮкܶ඼ǳ͢ˮʦȻһֶԳ͢ĹС
ԭˮʦΪ͢ɢֲãûа취ű֣֥˹ȥ
֣֥֮ӶҪõ͢аҲΪЩԭ͢ˮʦʿѹ¡Ȼˣֻԭ֮һѡ
ӦԪŬѧϰսͬʱָĻ̥֮ʱ򣬵Ѳ¬Ҳ飬ȴûвġ
ʱڵѲźõĻ԰
ֻǷȳƣ̬ͦζĿȺխխߣγһĵǣÿһⶼƺѱĴ䣬гϧǣм̺ۣƻСҲһ棬˵Ĺѫ
¬˹һƬУݵĶĵ棬ʱվܱߵȺá
һֱ΢΢¬չͣ˳ְѰʮصվһߵңֻܽס
¬ʱһëһ޵үĹһûһ˿Ӱ졣
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¬ӹë˲ЦŵЩֻС˶ѣ˺Ȼа
ʵ˵Сˣȴ˰̺ۡһ˵ҲСˡ
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߾УҪְǷֹ̰˿ʿãϷиܣУǵҪְȴǷϸĹҲΪˣЩܹѵ
¬Ҳ֪Լܶÿָƣ˶ڳ͢ЩǺܻӭġϼжǺ߾ӦԲһ
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¬ͷתʵɳȥҹΣ
εıֶˡΪеɱ²ӢۡС常йأûԼӢ±֣Լ¬׿Ҳǲϵġ
ʱʱھ䶯˭û뵽˺˵ģȻˡ
Щ˱ֽĽʿϲЦȫµĴն֪Լ¼Ƕôҫ鰡ЩûϱֽĽʿĽ֮వԷģԼҲҪŬɱУٵǵֽȥ
⣬ʿǶڳͬ͢۵ƹʦӢܴһ£ҲǷǳĸм
Щ鶼ǴδйҲδʹþʿܸߡ
֪ԼһУҪмھʦ˺֮⣬ҪлǰλʵĵĵѲ¬æػشĿǰδо˵鷴ޡ
ش¬֮ǰĺ棬ʹɻʵة͢ôʹǵɳҹգǲҪжˣ
ôҲԭģе˱кܶ඼ûȫԱ֪һӦö֪㣬ȴõɳҹաһ涨ܵزҪý²֣Ҿˡ
͢вûнͣ¬Ҳû֪ȴƾԼƲ⣬Ų˳
Ҫ֪²ȱ£ͨ͢ġҲһֱƻ²ʳΪһ󵱡ڶʳһ¼УҪ˵ܲµˣ;
ȻĸȴҲûԼƲ¬ֻ˵Լ飬ʲôԺȻ֪ġ
ة˵ǣˡ΢еΣæȭӦ
¬ת԰ſȥһ߷ԸȥӪ
ԭͰźõģ¬ȥӪԱȡ²ʿ
˵ӦԪڸˮʦһһܶ඼ѧ¬ġʿͬʹ࣬׻þģһ֧ǿ
ɾʱһʿ첽¬ȭةʦ˺ʹǰҪة
˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵ڳļпԿ϶˺ةǺ֮ǰҪɳҹ֮йء
¬ûԥϷԸã鷿Ⱥ򡣡
˺ʹߣ¬ûн飬ʵҪҲٻٷֱԼ鷿Ⱥܾʹߡ
ҵûڣֻ鷿ſڡ
ûһᣬ˺ʹתȣ鷿ſڵͥԺ
һɴˣû뵽˺ʹȻ


565 Ҫ
ֻ˿վɾϲؽ˳常Ⱑ
Ц˻ǰСӵôүˣ
߼ǰͷӦһȻʵةô
ҰԼִ֪磬Լ¶ϲ֮ɫȴǵ¡Цŵͷһ£Ȼתةүʹˡ
¬ۺɤϴ˳
˳һЦȻڡ
Ұ˳ϣȻ⡣Ȼֺһվ¬üŪۣ¶һЦ
ʱңؽ
ûãҺ¬¬ǵ˲ҵæŶ롣
ֻ¬ϲɫ󡣶վߣ̧ͷˡ
ةڡҺ¬ȭ¬һ
¬лҹգǰ
ɽв⣬ȴҲûзʣӦ
˵֮һۣתŶȥ
¬ֿ¬תӵ޸˵ã츽ڴ˿ӵ⣬ǰ򼯺ϣ;ÿӵ
¬΢΢е죬ҲһûжʣȭӦһתҪȥִ
Ҫ֮ʱִ¬׼ֻյһ汾ǰ򡣡
¬֪϶ֻս£ҲʣתȭӦ
´¬ɫͺͻߵ常ͻʱеľۡ
һ΢е㲻˼ЦӺס
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˺ֶϵģ¬ҲԳƱ١
һֱӱȭһ˵Сվˣة¾ֱСӺˡ
¬һӣͲٿֱʵ˵˵ү¾κ鶼ԡ
˺¾࣬¬Ϊ𾪡ϴεʱ̫̣սµʧܣʿʧԾֵѱ䣬ûѯ˺
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Ҳûжջ񣬱ϾȻСһ㣬ȴʮһ궼ûе꣬еǲ˽١
ӽ߾ˣȻ֪ӽ¬Ŀءӽû˵Ҫܣ¬Ǵ߹٣ͺ޹˼ɣ֪й¾֮һһ˵¬
ϲ˵ţҪ㣬¾֮Լԭȶ˵һ¬˷ִ֮࣬ΪȡһֱСպھеǰ;
˵֮¬þò¾֮£ȷʵδš¾ƳһЩ˼룬עս˸ǸдܶࡣֻҪ˧߲ɵԿ϶¾Ȼ̭еӡ
¬ţȻ˸Ȼͷ˺ǲҲæѵһ־ӣؼǣһֻ
¬Ĵֿʼ
ڵĵһ㶼ǸվһܡÿʿʢսжǾӣŽҵ
غƤеʿȽ֣ʱǶǿźߺУͻᾭѼ̽ڵӵ
Ҫ󣬾ȻҪǱܿӵ˶кģԽǲ֪ǾԽ֪󲿷ֽʿŸֲ²⣬֪ӵʲôȻҪ˱ܡ
¬ϵƤʱӲ඼Ѿˡֻ¶˸ͷø·찲ѵ֮⣬ִƤʧˡ
ӵͷ¬һʰߵľʿ֪˺ѵ󣬾ʹҴ˴ǰȥݼ˺
ӽҲղŵ֮ѡӵһ⵺󣬶ٽɶͼıɶǳʾڵĽ²ӣһʵλá
סԭӵνֵĸУ¬ϲæ˰á
¹ٰݼү¬һãһ˵һ߹زΰݡ
ôϹ٣ĸмҪ˺ôһ̣ⱲӺܾܿͷˣڷٺ»ôĴ
ӽһΪ¬īسɹ棬س͢ĹٴҪݵĹ涨æ˵죬д˴֪Ҳϲ׵ģ˵
¬֮ǰҲһʱӽȻ֪ƢϲãڱԼĸм֮󣬱㲻ټ֣վ
ӽˣЦݣһָ˵˵Ŀǰ


566 ҹ
¬һߣʱʱڵˡ
˺Щ֮⣬һСҲվһࡣ
¬Ҳɨһ¶ѣ˺ʻҵϻشүΪɳȥҹΪ˱ⱻɶ²֣Բ̽ĿǰռϢغ޽²
¬˵ЩҲӽ֮ڣͷʵɶ˵ͶΣ
ûˡ¬ҡҡͷ֪ΪϴεĴܣɶ²ū۵ĺʧȥðͶͷ
ӽ֮ʣǻЩͶĺϣ˽ɶڵصĽ²¬شɵ΢΢ʧ
¬˵¶һ˿ɫ԰οûϵҪǲܱ¶ָսҪý²Ϊǲˣûսý²˼ɲźá
ү˵ǡ¬شһֻˣδ䲻ش²һʤ̡
ǳʾڵΣǸçŶ̩ôӽ˸⣬¬˽
˵ʵ¬ɫԱȸղźöˣشӽүǸūڳʣѸŭԹʾڷ²֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ƤĳʰҲǰӣ׷ҪҴʡ
Ŷ⳯ʵķӦɶȫһӽһһ
¬е㲻˼΢ԥһŻش֮ǰʳĳʾӷسʺ󣬰ϴδս鴫˻ȥǺͺүһ˾͸ᶨǷ²ѹľġ
Ŷӽһ㷴Ӧˣϵ˾䣺Ⱥڵ۾ѩİɣ
ʾĽ²ȴԱɱ֮ززϢԽԽţ˽²֮бʮȴԱɴΧ
ɴ˳ʾ񷴿²ʿҲʹõڳʾУߴ˺ܶࡣ೯ʾð͵ɣͶ˳Ҳ˺ܶϢ
үҾҪжĻ¹ٽԿǳʵĽ²ԭж¬ӽӵ֮ǰĿǣı֮ǰƻ²뷨
ӽʱпǹѡǴɶôƻΪܼٽ²ʳĲ䣻Ǵʽ²ĻҪԼսΪ²
¬飬ȰеĴ㣬¬̨˵
үԭ֮һΪʾġĶҴҾʣԨ磬Ҳ
˵ӽͷ˵ԭ֮²ڳǻҾֻҪһսʾȻվҾһ²Ҳν󡣡
¬˵֮󣬱㿴ӽȴۡ
ֻӽͷЦŶ¬̨˵ûҲͬҾ˵ʣݴڳʵĽ²Ļȱһǰ
¬һ΢£漴׹ӽȷϵүǳʳ̬͢ȣ
ԣȻڽ²䵱ѹեİףΣȻǳ˵Ĺٸڳʾڴ̵Ļǳ͢롣һҲںĿ²
ӽһλ׸۵ʱʸġӽľŲЩӰ졣
¬Ϊĸ߹٣ԴȴǱӽΪ˽⡣ӽ΢һʾ׹ˡ
ү¹ˣҪҪ¹ȥϵʹٸ¬΢üͷʵ
֮üͷΪ޳ܡ֮ȥϵΪƤĳʾڶ࣬ȥϵʹٸ
ӽȴҡҡͷ΢ЦŶ¬ãǲʹٸΪǼɶý²ڳ̣ˣ̣Խݣʱ򷴵ľԽҪ飬׼
ӽ⻰ʵǲ˵ڵģҪǱˣ󡣲ںڶǴˣӽţȻûϵˡ
¬һظ֮ˣʲôʥ˽̵Ȱ˺ı뷨ǰ¬ʲõػΪǡ
ˣӽĻͷͬ
̨ɶ컹Ҫ뱣֤²ֵĻԾˣɳȥҹվҪ
¬ӽ˵֪үҪ˵йΪʲôҪջҹյԭˡˣӽ˵
ӽ˵룺ҹʤϤΣսͽ²вࡣҾҹպҴ֧˵ľϣһɶ񡣡
˵תһߣһֱվŲ˵С˵̨ҽ°ɡ


567 
ԱСһת¬ȭһ񣬴˵ĩӪӪ֮һӪϽλܱԣة
¬ͷӪͷ˵ġλӦòֹˣе㲻⣬ֻתͷӽ
¾ҹֻһˣҾòӪͳگҪˣƼСܽǾϸѡٶڶܹһЩ¾ѵҲװ¾Ļźͽ²̽Ҳ·硣
ӽⷬ¬Լ֮ǰ飬ǵͷ͵ү˰ţȷʵҹյá
ӽһЦָָ¬̨ʱѧƨˡ
¬һ죬¹ֻǾʵشѣǸ˼
ӽҲԸ̨Щҹվӵɣ¾ҹദ죬ɳȥ
ǣү¬ӦһȻԥһᣬֿ˵үܲܲһָ¹٣
ӽһҡҡͷҪþ̨ʧˡĿǰʽĲߣҪþӪȾӪȫı֮󣬲Żõر߾һЩô
¬ˣӽĶۣס˺˼˵͢ȻҪǿӪֻϣŻȥװ߾ôɱ߾ǿھӪγβ󲻵֮ƣκγɻ顣
Ȼˣ¬㲻ټҪʽˡΨеžӪΪȡһЩ
¬Ҫеơͬʱū̫ҲһʱҲš
û뵽ȻôԴŹȥ죬ȥ˺ܶͭʡҪǻĻüδսˡ
ȻĻӣȻܰ;ϡɴϴͲ࣬ĴڣǸĴ󻧡
̫üͷͷϵĺΪеķնð١ǰȫЩ̶ṩһЩȴ·
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ջ̫ԭļƻ͸ʩˡΪһƻʹԭԤԴûдﵽòһ٣ٶӳʩʱ䡣
̫뵽ε̾˿Ȼ֮䣬ֺĴƺܺãȴֲ
ڱϣʹĳʳ֮أʹĶǡӶ˸ĵľ֮غ󣬴õ˼Ĳ䣬𲻿ν⡣
Уֽ̲ɹ齨ɹŰ죬ǿ˴սһ˵ʹֻܹԹԻȥˣʱڲԴӰ졣
⣬ԼֳƶȡͳȨϷϳ˰ԲеƶȣʹԼܰ뷨
ʵϣ̫֣ɹŲԭδ̲Ĳ䶼ͶʹôڲԭһʧȥϺͻ塣ȻǴҲҪԼˡ
ʱѹե࣬һͰҩ̻ĵطʱбըĿܡ浽ǸزȻҪǣһִı
һߵζʦڵ£ԲӦ䣬ûгһλУôûκλá
ǸԬЩʼơЩ󣬶ڴ˵ǲõͷ
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̫뵽ɵ̾һŵһԾŶĴ󺹣ôõô
˼ȥôֲ࣬òȱͭ⡣ڴʴȻ֧ţҪûвĻȻǻӰġ
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֮£ֻ̫²ߣڳʵçŶ̩ͭʣѹեپͶˡ飬ͷ취ʰˡʱʩʰǡ
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568 ȱ
ȻǸһ룬̫ޱת˳Ҫ֪̫˵ģƽʱ϶ǹЦݡӣ˵ܲá
̫һλϣͳ˵Ǳƭˡ
һǲڣֻڱ߾εô㱻ƭˣԴʲôʧ
뵽ʻ̫󺹣ôˣзô
̫ͷתһ˿ƭŭɫ˵ǵĻֻƣĿΪҴߣž̽ӳǣ
ʲô˴ӳǣһеʧɫʵ
ҲɫÿûȥǴӳˡ
̲סվ̫󺹣ǴӳǽûУûöûϵ㽨ˣҲԺǰһȥ
̫΢еڣԼעе˵棬Ϊث֣ǱʶаǸˡ
һطľΣҪĻǿ˭ͳ졣
һܺõʵѾԼˣ֮ǰһɢɳ¬һͱսθ˺ܴ鷳
Ķʦʦϳɳصڣǰߵǲ߷ϻͷԬλڣԼ֮ǰԬʱڵ۹⿴Եòԩ
̫Ȼ룬ȴ˵վĶ˵öԣӳҴУͱ
ڳ˶֪ӳǵĵλ÷ǳҪǰʱͲΣֽΣǱұ֮ء
ڵõ̫𸴺󣬱ȥͬʱ򰵵˸ɫʾҪ嶯
֮ǰ˵ûû˵ֻŻ̫
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һҲǵͷ˵˾̫ϧˡ
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󺹣ԶͽҲвĴڣ˵ǴӳҲСҲкĴˣܴôС֮һİһ˿ɻʵ
̫һǺһЦΪʲôһҪأֻ´֮ΧסǳأúúĴڡǳͻΧǴɽعԮҺĴڵĴ֮¡һǳصò䣬ҲܺľǵĲǳؾͲˡ
һæ޵˵˲ǳضҴˡ
ȴûлϲ֮ɫüͷ΢壬ʻ̫󺹣ҴΧ֮ĻǮĵô
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̫˵һνǵǮ㣬ҲһһĽھȽǴӳǡʳҪʡŵã֮ʱЩȥֵʳˡ
Ὠ󺹣Ǳ߲ǻṩʳô
̫ҡҡͷʵĴçŶ̩İ֮£ǻѱѹθɾˡ
һµȳʵʳո֮󣬾çŶ̩˾ͻɡ
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ڵڵЩ˶֪ûһں˵ǿԺԵѡ
̫˵֮ûٷԣڶʱ
ĳ̾˵վţǰЩŮӶû˵ԥһ»ӣҪո֮ʱΧǲʳĻԼʳոͻȱˡ
Կ䱻̫ĵȰжԷĳޱȡ
ԣɷǰȰԼʳո˲ˣදӡ
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һʱ֮䣬ְ
Ƿĳ̼û˵ֿڵӣūи⡣


569 
̫һһϲǺ˵Ĺࡣĳ̣Цŵк⣿
ӣʳˡĳһָʷ򣬸̫
һ԰ôǳء⳯ʷ·ͳ˴ĺڻأҪҪҪˡ
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û˵Եþĵġ
̫һᣬ˴𻰣ֱҲεˣʱǸϻسˡǰӳǣ˰Щϻȥ⣬жϴӳݵϵɳ̽ɽһ߲̽ж
һվȭ
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˶վ̫ȭӦ
ɢ֮˶ɢֻзĳԾĥĥ䣬
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ĳһ̫˼æ͵ӣĵǵ߲СĲа
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ĳһЦײߵӣʹӾΧڹһһͿԼٺܶ࣬Χ
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̫ܸˣһˣӾˣԷĳ˵ȻܳǾͺðˡ޾ôżҪǳأʵçŶ̩˻صһ㻹˷ˣҲûڵĿռˡ
Ӣĳ̵һƨϡ
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ĳ˲ϲֻһصūӵūţҪūŸκ飬ūŶ޶
̫һЦ߽ĳļ򣬸˵˵ūţ޿һһ޷䣬±ʷС
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˻ʳǣĳ̻ڻ̫Ŀ佱֮С
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ӣӣѣѣˡһڷĳ𣬲𽥴հѷĳ̸ǰ
ĳ̲˵ؿһ˵һ۵ô˵أ
ƴ͹ΪĹϵΪĳ̵ĸҲշˡ
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ĳ̵鲻Ҳƴƽϣݡһ˳ȥ
ƴ͹ֻ࿴һۣԷеĺ⣬ȴҲ˵ս׷˹ȥ


570 డ
ʱ䲻κӰ죬ԼĹһһš
²ڸԼƻţ뾡ԷΪѷıĺô
ģֻϧųĳʡʵİղǶƵĵ˿Կüٶڼ٣ƬƬҰֻΪũҲûмҿˡ
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ʵ˵ӽҲûȨóӵҪ󡣵ΪĿǰڵ쵼λߵĴԱܴӺνǶȶԣ¬Ҫӽġ


571 һ
һ磬Ծ棬¶ʱ¬ϵӵˡ
ʱӽŸ𴲣͡¬ֱӴã¬׼һ͡ΪҪҲҪԵģԱ˷²о
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ʱʵֹ¬ӽĻǣҲе㲻ؿӽ֪ү˾Ǻ⣿
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572 
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ӽе棬ӹչһԭһ⳯ʹλگ飬ȷλܡ
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ɶܱٵסӳӦûġ
Ϊ²ͲóǣΨһֶξϸǽӦϣ߲߷ؽķʽȡļǡ
ӳ½ģϾֻоӣԽ²ϸȥܡصĽȫٵĵϵ˳Ľᱻ²߷ĿҲΪ㡣
Ԭû뵽²ȻҲĴˣһ־ķȡĳǳء
ʵ֪ˣҲἱΪַĴ̫õġ
ԬֻҪݵɳҹգʱ̽²Ķ
ʲô´򲻹²̽һһ򲻹ͲһôҪһҲ򲻹һԬһҪҪʱ֪²ڸʲô
οɸûкʷȥפӳǡʱڽݳǡӦԬɳԼĲ¡ˣ㶥סԬѹҲֻɳǡ
˵ɢ󣬾Ϳǰ治ԶĴӳǡаԾٶȣӳǱ֮ǰεľɳǶҪΰߴĶࡣҪӲĻ϶ܲۡ
ڴʱѾ֪̫ĺܶԶǳԺ˵ıԣʹʶ纺˵Ҫԡˣ˽ѾܵܶϣԺҪҺ˵鷳رǸĳ̣Ǹɶõ˲ţ㲻ҲΪˡ
ԼҲѾʼַЩвŻĺˣȴδֵ̫ġԤڵĻûУ΢΢еʧ
Ծ´ɱڵĻԼһˣȥЩ鱦ҪҪĶࡣ
ԶĴӳһԼĴ㣬תȥˡʼǲ̽̽ɽ
öû뵽ǣȻɳԼɳ̽ɱǰʱǴδй顣
ϰ˴һӾڳĳ
о쳣ĲͬѰһɳ̽һʹ̫ȥԽˡ


573 
ʱ䲻֪úܿ죬ת۾ǾˣϾʳջʱ
̫ȼƻս¾ҪʼˣĴɵϢûдɵеż
Ǹ˵ֻҪʣͿԱ֤֮ǰɺĴڵ졣˻̫ÿؼǵã¾û¹һ˿꣬ȫʵ
˵ԭϷ棬ҲӦû⡣çŶ̩ӳչεĵһ֮ǰ˹ȼƻĳѾǰɶˡ
¾㱸ֻǷ簡̫뵽еŭΪԼ˵ɵİɣ
̫бҪȥӲһҪڼӪʱʹˡ
ʹ棬üͷǰһһϵоٶ޲ԳɶѲԬ̫һԬƥ򣡡Ȼٿǰ顣
˶֮󣬻̫һ˵ȴû˵ߡ
ֻ̫Լ˵֮ǰе͹Ԭƥ򣡻ڴˣ޾֮ǰĲֲԣ硣
һվ󺹷Ը
Ϊȷս˳ٵһǰǰߡȻûر޾ֻ֮ãΣ̫Ŵʵ
ȻĻƵͬ⣬⼸ǬϣǷĳ⡣
̫Ҳ˵ùȥôҲ޷ܾԴӳڻ̫󣬾ͱúܵ͵һԻ̫հϾͻشȻˣ󺹲Ͷȥ𸹵زҪôصġ
̫ĳ֮ǰѣһ£˵쳣޾ǰ߿ٲҪһδսΪ˼ҴʧϵƻҪġȻô˵Ǿôɣ
Ƶͷ˻ȥ
̫תͷԼĶӺʢӸѡ꣬Э绤ú󷽡
ȺӦֿ˵˾ֻʱĴʩҴع죬Σ
̫С˼˶գһʯ񡣼ǿ󷽵ʵڸӺЩѡԺܻܿǺˣоͿ˸졣
ûçŶ̩ͷ˴ƵĴͷڵҲҷԣĬٶ
̫⣬˵Ȼˣȥ׼վͳͶϣγѹ̽顣պһѴӳǸ
ǵȲĴ깤ˣ׼ȥ˵ηҪԬƥ򽻽֣ǷʲôС
̫û뵽ǣʱڳ渱ͳ죬ܻķĳ˳ǰ棬Ĵɣֻ̫ǰȥڡ
̫ϢķǱ٣ˬͨʹ졣ûĴھȻҪʱˣ𣬿ս±ʤɡ
΢еźǣһʮźĴڵ죬ڵʱըˡ
λȻǾ죬µķĳҲ˿ԭϡΪǲõģڷΪҩװ֮һװʵ˷ڣըžǲɱ顣
ôźĴڿãû̫Ǹ쳣
١֧Ļӣڳĳʹ˽鱦ͰɣΪԨѧʿôһĳ̵ĵλʵѳ˴󺺼١ԣΪ𺺼һˡ
λ̫ҲûʧԣӦʹͻӱǣǼʢڣǶ١
죬صĴƺͺԼĳ̵һֱͻ̫ʢ⡣
̫һ֮󣬱ǰԴ˵ޱʢͰдչչˡʲôֱ˵ѵʱѵ͵Լӹ̺ܽˡ
úǴ̶л̫ڣʾǴƻˣ佱мѣҴİͼ³ú΢ù˵㣬뻹Ǵƶҡ
̫Ըˣ㲻ٵ飬ﳤȥŸʧ·ľͷǫıһ䣬ԴƵֶһǰȥѵҴˡ
˵꣬ҲȴƱʾ㷭ﳤȥ
Լı£ֻǸ̫ڻ̫Ӱ֮£ʩչԼı¡ڻ̫һߣپһɣԷģһҪЩѵһ֧ս޲ʤľӸ
ĳ̿ⳡʾƸǺ󣬻ԼĹá
һ·ϣûŮߣӵְڳˡ
ϰԴűߣż˱֮󡣷ĳ̾;ԼͬΣҲһλĸҫԼĲεõ󺹵ʶȵȡ
ƴ͹һŷĳ̵ƨø⣬˵Ҳࡣ


574 Ӧ
²ĴܱıӽɳȥҹոˡĿݣΪҹղҿ޷֪
ӽɶͼĥŽ²жĿʱҹջر˵гʾ˹˵ȥ
һڵͼҵЩݶȥ
ʱ򣬴Խߵƾֳˡӽ뵽ӳӦѽɣǱ²֣˺ʷһĲԡֻԭʷϽ²ǴԼİǰȥںΧǣȴóȥˡ
ӽϴҹյͳ죬Ӫλܱԣҹɶ½ھ²ֵǰ²̽²صıͲá
ܱеΪѣнɽûԥصĩǰȥ
·ǳҪܱȥáӽ뵽͵ͷãһҪСġ
ܱҲУϾʹǱӽҹеľѡһʮˣѡϤɶεĵҹգϳ˴ʧӵۿڡ
شı䶯ӽҶרУ֪֮ԼǾǣ¬ӵ顣
ľ뿪νϾתˡһĻһߴӰӽÿ֪ӵĵΨеѲ¬
үн顣¬һţӽ͵һʱ
Ŷ˵ӽһ¬ǱҲн飬ؿʵ
ʵĽ²ǿȳʰȥոδ͸ʳҴʼӼмᵽ׼ˡ¬ȭ
ӽˣɶĶ̾²εĶС
¬ӽĻһ˼æ׷ʵү²бĶ
ӽͷѽ²ɶж¬˵ˡ
¬һӽϵеͼ߹ȥ
ӽҲԼƵĽ˵¬֪¬ܵóʲôۡ
һ¬Ѹ̧ͷӽү̽ЩϢҹպڣ
ӽһվԼϵǰȥſڴԼһߵȥȲˣ׼¬ҪЩʲô
Ǽɶ²жϢҹһ¬ڰطʡ
ЩҹһԣһĻಹش𣬹˺һ¬ûʣȥˡ
ү¹Ϊ²ǺȥһƵҾ֮أ־ڴӳǡ¬һµתͷӽ
޽ӳô飬ѲΪ²棬ѾҪϵ߹ԱȻҲ֪ġ
ӽĲҲˣһһĸ̾ԼЩʱвСĲࡣԼֻǴԭʷϵ¼ȥƽ²ж¬ȴϸ֣ȥƲ⽨²ж
ͷش¬̨ǴӸղŽ²оϸڣЯʵЩϸƲģ
ǣ²ҪٴƵĻȻᳵӡߴӳǵĵλ÷ǳҪū֮ˡҴԴӳΪУܽɹ˿أһ߾ͱðȫˡ¬ӽϸӽ͵
ӽаޣվ߽ͼٴο˻¬Ҿ
ӽС۷Ź⣬һӽʻһۿͼһ¬ش˶սϲʹСսѬ缢ƿʵѧϰЩ֪ʶ
¬ӽʻҲ飬¹ٽʣҪضηѺݻɶĽ²ôô
Ŷ˵˵ӽȤض¬
¬һֱش飬ɢһСΪ֮岻ѡ
һóʾӻ²ɧŽ²ĳ·ڿӵ谭²ɶ
ӽͷ¬˵ڶҾûк֮ǣɽ֣Ҳ뵣Ľ²Ԯ
ӽа룬¬һο󣬺ע⽨²Ԯٱ
Ҿϳʽʿܰѽ²ڳʾڣȻūʹǻؾ
ӽܳԵçŶ̩սҲĶûлɹܲܳɹ⡣
Ϊ²ڸ֪ʿ߰սˣοһǧ¾ֻҪѡõΣóʽ²δĻͲǵѪ֮ܿסġ
ãγԵ֧²ΪʰգΪҴձ𡣡ӽͷͬ
·¬еԥӣ˻Ŷӽү֪ӵˣڣʾʿ²ս¡
ӽδشſںȻ˰ٴү»ˣ


575 Ը
ӽ¬˹ȥȻǹ˰ٴſ߽
ϲôӽʵ
ͬʱ¬Ҳ𣺡ô
һ䣬ӽ¬࿴ɵһЦ
˰ٴ˽ȭӽһүѱϲΪʹ
˵ӻȡһŵǱ¸үţɺү볯صȫɺүһͳʹһּ˵¡
ӽһʵۻ˽¸Լţ֪˵ʲôæӹ˰ٴȡ˹ȥ
˰ٴӽȡţ˫֣ȻԹүӲصϳ˸⡣
ӽһͣвŵĶеʵôˣ
¬ӽĻҲؿŹ˰ٴ֪Ӹʲôӡ
˰ٴе޷޲ƽ˵ϼʳ֪ܶϴͬΪʹûһҪϲҪԭʹλگ鹫£Ҫܡ
Ϊʲô˲ѿڶʵ
ͬʱҲ𣺡ƾʲô
¬ûʣֻ۾ضŹ˰ٴ˰ٴӡ
ӽɫҲӵҪΪҴʵ۳һһô
ôӽŹ˰ٴʵ
Ͽߣ˵λگ¹˳Ȼý²֪²߳ŭ֮£ǸͻΣա˰ٴش
ӽˣûϲŭֵı仯Ȼʵǻģ
˰ٴڵڣ˿̡ӡ̣شӽһ£ȻʹӦˣТġֻڻϴӦ֮ǰѵТΪȾĲ
ӽܲˣдТĵȻǺõģΪʲôԼ˵ȴܵ˾ʦȥʵһ
ӽȴȥ룬ԼҲд˷ȥӳʡӿ˵˭Ҳʡ͵ĵơ
ʱ¬ˣĹ۵ȴͱ˲һӽ˵Ӣ¹Ϊⲻ㻵¡ҵȴܽ²ԭʹǷȳԽλگ鹫һЩԹҴʵ۲ǵ˾ͻ죬ΪҴʵһʴȵĺͿػ޲ѡ
ӽһҲǣֻҪλگ֣Ȼ⡣ʱ˲˵ԼҲñֽȥΪ
뵽ӽҲˣͼеſݡ
¬Ľͣʵ۵ѡ񣬾Ͳپƹ飬ʼעӽеšǲ֪Ϊʲôںүʥּ֮ǰдŸ˺
ӽܿ쿴ţе
ԭ֮ǰʵ۵£ǽʵ۳̸ܲܰ׷泯ȥ̰ɣ
ʵ۵ƤӽĽ鲻˼˵ڡڸ׸ʵ˾ô֮һҴķԮսûҪʵκǮ˼ܿѵʱ̸쳯Ӧ顣
ʵۺͰ齻ӽᳫҪӶҪСҲ˵Ҫʧ쳯Ϲķ緶Ҫʵݡ
ӽ̧ͷ˶ڿԼεֿ̾ԣ
˵ŵݸ¬˫ĿһֱԼ
漰ʷ飬Ѳʸ֪ġϾӽ᳤ڴڵֱܳʵĻǵѲ
¬ܿ쿴꣬ŵݻӽͬʱеͬؿ˺аүԸˡ
ܺ棬˿̵飬˺Ƿа취
ֻӽְŵݸߵȥ̫ܺѨȻʹ˰ٴҵļ͵ûУΣ
滳Уӽ
˰ٴһæִӻͳһŵүǻš
ӽһæùص˼ӽˣɢһߵȴӽꡣ
ӽţϲ¶Цݡ
˵һаãӽģŻѺˣڿʼƽʱϲԵĶڶˡʦܶ˶дС⣬ܶδĳʳҲˣÿԵöظģһжãֻҪӽԼҪעⰲȫǧء
ӽ飬ǰֳǻеΣЦԼ߶Щ顣
ţȻӽץֽһĴȣа취ˣ
¬˺ѵǺи˺ˣ


576 
˰ٴȴ֪˸Ͳ֪£ôܸӽأ
ɻؿӽﰵơ
ӽҲɻر飬Ըʰʰͬһּ
ּҪǸӣǳʹġּоͬ˰ٴ˵˺ΪȫȨ󳼡
ʥּ֮˺мλѲͳʹֱãվڸһһʽг̸пʼ
ʹȲӽһż˵˺֪ʱɱҳʰˮ֮У
ӽһ΢еصʲôȳʰˮ֮УⲻΪʹô
ˣʱ˸һʱ鼱˵˻
ҲɫǺ죬ʹھСܣδù²˶ȻҪСȻʵô˵ΪԼĴ䲻˵˻
˺Ҫȳˮ𣬿¹ޱ˺˸мӳ²ƿأȻҲǸûԵˣת۾ͻ˸ʽ˵
ӽϾ˵֮Ҳǰһ¶ЦݵȻƻвУ
˵ε˵֮ǰôֱӳʣͽ²սֱѽ²ߣȻܳʰɽӡ
¬ܺӽҪôӳʹͿӽǱ٩٩̸
ǳʰյϣȰյصĪˣ׼ӵҴĳʰѡս֮ʿ齨һֱ֧Ļ֮ʦô
һ¶ϲæͷããȻС
ΨսȨ˵ķҲŻӲڳҵ˵϶֪ġ
ӽĵһƻȫΪǣǻвӦĵ
ͬʱҪʹţɳʹȫѱΪʹгʾ²ý²ڳ֮СӽͬһֻǣյŲµСñ
ããã˺Լǡܸûתͷȥѯĸӵ
Ȼӽиܵһȴ״˾ڽԺͳΡ
ӽܶǵͷͬͼ˵Ҵɳӣѽ²ڳʾڡ
ãããл˺лʵۣԸΪķٱ䡣վһ̬߱һ߻֣صӽ
ӼˣҲһ
ӽֻǵͷȻؽл⡣
֮վ˾ܸеɻӽ˵ԭ¹ٵð˺ΪʲôҪҳʾڼ²أ
һǰΪʲôҪڳʾڼ²أҲǿԵİ
ӽˣҲ죬΢ЦŽ͵²Ҫӵɶڳʸ׼ôҪǲǣ´λ᲻أ
ܼô˵ǿ󣬿ǱϾһ콨²
ӽһЦˣصǶԴûģ
ǣǡһæϡ
æԼĳӲƨɵ˺ݹֻ֣е㵣ĶѡͰļƻ죬Ƿˣ˺²ҳʾˣ˾ļٰ
ӦûˣӽǷּƻ֮£˳תƵӽԼӿܵĲ
˭֪ӽȴҡҡͷ̾ƻôƻʵѴ
һæʵ֪˺кѴ
ӽ͵仰Ϳʼ߿ˣʵԼˣҲ㡣Ϊս£ϸ֣͢Ĺ飬زٱ߾ľöδ֮ǰ̨մӶϹҪأ
¬ӽô˵ˣֻϡ
ֻ¬¶һӵϸµľ¹Ų֧ģүҪ¹ٶҪȥˡ
ڴٶ˵Щ£ܵҲûӽ˵ٻ
ֻӽڶ¬˵֪д󲿷ֶɶ񣬴ɶ²ǹ⸴Ǽ磬̣¸ºȻᷢ
¬е㲻֪ôشˣȻӽִ棬ӵų˵ߣôĴָͷ
¬׹Ϊѵ̾Ǿֻˡ
ӽаһȻתͷ˵㿴ҴҲסҴʱʵĻЩͷϸɡҪٵ£ö֮Σ
⡭ˣϸ£ƻ˶ˡ˺˵Ҳûһʱ֮䣬֪ΰˣ
˭Ҳû˵ڶʱ
һᣬӽ˶ɫе㲻֪ӣһ
һӣžһһȻϲصˡ


577 Ǯ
˴ϲҲ˲Թղһˣ֮ʱȴӽ˵ײס
˺ʲô취˵ײ׵顣޷ʱ򣬺Ȼӽ˵зˣ͵ץסһݣ׷
ӽƲ˼ԥһᣬΪѵ˵ܽҾһµľãĻЩͷȻͲҾɳʵеݰ
ʵҲݣΪսͲˣݾṩҲûӡ
ȻԼʹܳǻǮ˵㣬Լǰ׳԰סġ˺Ӧÿģô˵⻰أ
µĺ˵ŵ廰˵˺뵽ʲôǮķô
һôϣӽϣӽܽ⣬ɳṩȻҲû⡣
ӽȻûʧͷӦ֪ҴǮɣǮʵڳ͢䡣
һͷǰţȥʦļţ޲ķ
֪λ˾ʦ֮û˵ΪкʹУӽеʵ
⻰һ˵ڣ¬ӽˡ
λ˻࿴ǵʦ󣬸ûĳȥ֡һõʵ۵ĲּأĻ֪Ǻ
λ˶ɻҡҡͷ֪ǺǮʲôϵ
ӽһͺĵ˵ҴճǮƱš
˺ܶˮλ˽УصǿǰյУܴɱʥַǳ͢ȥҵҲðչ
ҲǸˣŸ֪⣬ӽȷϵ˺ܸ˴ô
ûģɳ͢϶ǿԵġӽЦŻص
һ˿Ǯĵطˡתһ룬Ҫһ˾ʦغܵʱ䣬ҪȥĻҲ֪ܲܽ赽Ǯ
뵽ûֻðǸӽ˵ˣʲô취
ֻӽ˺ûһΪ֮ɫЦŵ⵹ˣΪ˵úͰհõ飬˴ΪеĴƹڵϹҵĵѺֵҿ԰йʹ˵˵
¬һʲôΪеĴƹ˺Ͳ˵ͷԲ
˺һһϲæӽ
˺ᵽĵѺһ£ԥһ£˵˺·еˡܷһ䷿ù΢ЪϢһ£еĴƹ֪ͨ¹˿ɺã
ӽһȥҪҲ»װ˼˵ѽҵĲǣѽϽŷ䡣
ʹӸм˳ãӽһȥϢˡ
ӽһߣȥſڿš
ǣ常֪ӽҪ飬Ӧһȥˡ
˺ȥΪеĴƹ񣿡¬ʵ
̨ҪӽЦŴһ䣬Ȼȥݵڳ
浣ӽӽл˳ںûĸ˸еһ˿𾴣˰ȫĺܡ
Ȼӽֶ¬һһԸһЩ飬ǵʱǵϡ
һ˵ˣӽӡ˸ı䡣
ǰһֱ˺һҺˣڼһ¹ͷ˼ҳ˿Ҫл̫ˡ
ΪӽӵĶķڳ˶ûһ˺ʲôһ֡
ûһᣬڳʹæˡӽǶһԸᣬǰȥȥˡ
ӽ֮ѡΪеĴƹΪһûкͳչ棬ΪƹΣȱ˸ƹ
ڳ·ӽûȥгʹ
ʹӺܿ͹ˣǵɫ֮ǰҪܶ࣬Ȼʲôг
һãǿ˺͵ѲûŲλãֻмվһƹģˡ
ʵڳͲֻеϣһҲպòΪڳ̫ǻʵԡ
һӽЦŽܵλΪеĴƹڳ󡣡
ڳһڳ
񣬹˻㡣˼ң˵ͺܿ
ڳʾ뽲


578 Ϸĺô
ǳʹҲҪ˼棬̫ˡû˵ĺ˵ҳʹӹ󷽽֪ɷ񣿡
ûղ˺ѶԲ˵͢˲֪Ҫ٣ڳһ˵ģ
ʹӽѾкɵӽ΢΢׸л
һµľãҳһ˰ľãţټһ˵˺һᣬձһ֣Ȼڳ
Ҳĸ˶ˣĺܶطҪǮʱ뵽ľͶ뵽ˡе㵣ģԼ˵е࣬ûôɽ衣
ȻеĴƹûϴӦͷʼ˼
ôһóʹ˵ľĿʡʡĽ
ֻڳһ󣬲̧ͷ¶ɫ˵˵ʵȻǮҲܽóĿʵ̫󣬲֪ԺΪѺǶ೤ʱ䳥
һڳ˵Ǯеý裬ܵ˶¶ϲԼȻشΪ֮ʹڵжѺ㿴ʲô;ֱ˵
⻰˵ðȻסеĴƹֻڳɫϾתΪϲ⣬ЦŵȻˣǮͽá
һ˵꣬ȻɫֱˣеΪѵصˣһ˵һж˵Ҫ֡
ܼæЦŵ޷޷˵Ǯ֮ǰծү⻰һûܹΪʹҲһɣڳ̬ȷǳ֮á
һ˵һҪô죿ڳеΪѣ˵˳
˼ףһʵĻôȥҪ
һȻɫеѿΪʹȻһΪ
û˵¬Ǳ˵ˣг͢ô㻹Ų͢
ӽĻҲ˵ҪʣҴҪ
ԣҪʣҴǳصģһҲ塣
⼸һ˵гʣӾʹȥȡ˼üɫһ䣬е㾪ɵӡ
Ȼžһ죬ֻӽһӣȵڴˣ˭˵ҪҲ
ЩӽŵòٿڶʱͰ
ܸмؿӽһۣȻæ̬ᣬᣬΪʹȻһԾŶΥ׺䣡
ŵԣ⳯ʹ淢ģһֺصĳŵˡ
˭֪ʱһ𣺡ǿ˵ƾû⡣
һǴСİ档仹һ꣬ô汻˵ܵһϳȴֲ÷֮Ҫ±ǰĽࡣ
СӶʲôȻҪǩԼġ˷ˣʮ˺ŭˡ
ǰץס棬׼ȥ
үֶС£ͲҪһʶˡʮȥͰ˴ˡѲ¬ʱȰ˵ʱ򣬰ѡֶҧñȽأҪñ
һԭ˺ֶټǳæȰǰ򲻵á
˺ȻҲǻ̵ģ̨̨㣬Ǹ
ɫеҰףǸղű˺ŵáֻ˺󣬾ǰߵܽ˵дСӲ֪ǩԼ¡
ܻôֻԭ°ˡ
ԭ治ǩԼ˵뻹Ǿһ֮ȥ⣬Ե̫ۣ֪ôһ¾͵ˡ
ھôһͶڳ˵ԼʲôʱˣϾӡ
ҪǲôĻʵ˰˵Ļ볯ʹ˺ĻҲߺȹһЩҲӰ졣
ڳһֱһû˵ʹˣŴϢ
ھ㶨ԼǮ赽֡Ϳѽ²߻߼𣬾óʻָԼҲܵһĳʹˬ˵ͰеĹ涨졣
ڳˣͰͷתӽΪӽȵľ籾ţʱӽҪּۻۣϢһãԵ緶
֮ôӽѧϢġ
ʱӽôˬ죬һڴеʵѾ֮ǰͺܶ࣬ϢǣҲǰ׼һ
ӽת뷨ڳ˵ǾôɣҶǺӡºҺ;̨Ҳڵϸ£ͳ͢
ⳡϷͷβӽͬʱҲڰܽᡣӽ˵ܽ᲻ӽϷôʲô


579 Ӷ
Ļ˾ô㶨ˣԴϲ˸ԵĿġ
ڳͳһ˸ĵطԸȥԼľϸڣѺޣϢΪ޵ȵȡ
ھʣӽ¬ȻӽĻҲڣͲ˵ˡ
ֻ¬תӽЦݵ˵¹Ϊϵиɣûһ¾ͱүˣ¹ʵ
ӽֻ΢Цȴ˵
¬Ǳ˵үôһ¶ֶΣҵʡһµľãΪôһʽҵǾʦţøмү
ûӽȴҡҡͷ˵ЩôΣⲻ
¬סˣиĺôԼôûз֣
¹֪үָǡ¬벻ӽָʲôֻˡ
ӽҲ¬θڣ͵ҵǴ߽˼ͨӿĻͨʾڵ̡ڴ˼ʵȣô̫࣬ԺȻռûҵĴͷһԴ˼㡣
¬ûӽǰĻսԭӽȻˣеģ֪ôһĺôεġ
еΪˣʵ¹ʵүָ¹ôʲô
ӽĻǣԼӣСǶۣҲһšر֣֪ʲôĺô
ǣӽ˵һսԭܽһʾ͵ǱҴˡԺ뷴ѣĻóܸ峯ʡ
սЩ˾÷˼ϸϸһү˵еǸ̾ѡ
ӽ£ͼ԰ڵǰѴ˼볯ʵʱҲץסᣬʵʩƻ
ʱֲˣǹ˰ٴˡ
ԣʱ㿴²ڳʾչΣƻ˳ʵͬʱʵĽ鱦Ҳ²ߺܶࡣڳؽʱԼĻҿ϶㣬̫ԭʼȻҲ㡣Ĵ˼ʱ볯ʣպ˳ʻҵλãҲ˵ʱǾ˼볯ʵʱ
ӽ֮󣬹˰ٴԵ޵ү
¬˼ʶǰȻһսģʽʹǳΪǸͷԵˣ˼ܿнʿͿԿ
ֻӽǱЦ˵˵ЩиǰᣬǱ߸߳ʵĽ²ףǾӵսҪǿܴù²ǸֻʵǿԺ󣬲ʩչıĿռ䣬ô
סڵػشӽ
˵ΪкͳʵĽԼڵձ㶨ڳϷؾʦ
ĸһǰԼ֪ΪУΪеӡ£ΪһԼ
˵Ϊе֪ϺȻôһڱʱǳ⣬ͬʱҲǸл˺
ڶǸʵȥһӽ£˴ȥǮᶯΪеʽ𣬶ʼдõǮˡ
ڴʼеǮΪǷŸˣӰҵȶ𣬵ֱӡǮȥáлսʵóʵ۴Ϊϲ̾ӽɵĲ
Ǵ˾ܸػؾʦ泯ʹܸʵһ顣жڴΪһ£ʹóǮܶ顣ȻˣеôʶǫĿΪ˴͢˺͵Ѳ˵õ鿴óʵкǸˣӶˡ
ʵۻ㱨ӽս´㣬׼ݺݴʾڵĽ²Ϊ
ڳһӽ£Ͳ̨˵ˡ
˵ʹԼǩ֮󣬱ӽ˵顣
ӽͺˬ죬¬ȥƤʵ֮ǰƻĵһ͵ڶҲ齨ʾʷܱΪ¹Ĺ棬Ҫʾ²
սʩ¬ţϡ
ͬʱӵڵ¾ҲʼѵԼҩ׼дսˡ
ô˼죬һϢƻܵӰ죬νǼƻûб仯졣
콫֮ʱӽں԰СԴ˴սµĿǶսİա
ʱСܱܽԹӽֹͣ˿죬æòܱԽ
ûһᣬһҴҵؽŲܱԺܿͳӽǰ
үĩ˴ץסһ󺺼顣ܱһӽƲָٵ̫Ѩ˸ʽϲɫش


580 
ǲܱԴӽĻģˡ
ӽһץһ󺺼飬ǳ棬æʵĸ󺺼飿
²Ĵѧʿ²ͳ졢ܻ졢ūƵһ˵ķĳ̡
ܱԱһͷγӽô⣬ʱԳһ
ֻӽ롱һվȵʵȷǷĳ̣ǸԳƷͺķĳ̣
ܱԼӽ˳Ծ͸˷ܣشǺȷʵзĳ̣ǲǷ͵ĺͲ֪ˡ
ӽ΢һ룬ĩΪ²ĺһĳ̣˳ǸĴ󺺼顣
ʵôᱻץģǵ
ܱҡҡͷʵʵ˵ĩδ̫ӺӵӪн²С׷һĩн²֪λɶٳⷶĳ̡
ӽһò˼飬ʵ棿
ĩʼҲţ²׷ɱǡڻ·ϣĩԭǾ֮صĴգǰ²ӵġⷶĳ̵İ£ȡκҩסٳ˳
ӽܱԵЩо̶һӰˡæǷĳ̺ʿ
šܱԻش
Ȱѷĳ̴ǰãҵҪ󺺼顣ӽ
ǣүܱԴӦһȥѺĳˡ
ӽöȥһһ˵Ӵߣ󺺼ȥ
Ļ֪Ϊʲô˺ر飬Ҳɨӽˣ׷Ӧӽһȥ
ӽûһᣬͼܱԴҹѺһ˽
ֻĸߴòáӽզһΪǵеǿϧƤҡ
ϸĻҲֱܷͦϰ΢ƣ룬һ˿̿֡
һãĳҲڴλϵӽԭΪ䵽˵Ѳ¬УΪҹΪⱩ¶¾Ǵŵľ
ӽĺʹ˵еĵѲܴʱɵһ㶣֪˭
ʱѺҹһߵСѴͬʱȵ£
ĳ̲رߵڵأ˻ſڵءĿ࣬ǿͦס˵ϡ
ӽȻҲûģ֪Լһ١
ڴﷸ϶źĴãΨԺ飬ûĴ̾ǵΨһ³
Ƿ͵ĺӽʵ
ǡĳǿ̧ͷǿиɵش
֮Ƕǣֶ֮֡ڵĻԹȥôӽȻȵ
ӽ֪ʷУûзĳ̣̫Ҳôʺ˵Ĳԣ²ҲûôΪ⺺ˮƽҲȷʵУϧô˵ط
ѵĳ̻죬˿û˼
ӽˣЦⲻҪģŷĳ̴ʵڽȥΪıߣıԼĸΪ֮Ƕǣֶ֣֮
˭֪ĳ̻˵βǣʵۻӹԱܣմˮ֮Сѹô꣬͸øĳһ硣
ӽһЦ⻹ˡ
Ц֮ʷĳ̵ҰƤɱɶգʹøĵɶΪǧ޼ǰ׹ǵĵطӶᾩ֮أ񻯡ƽ˶ٴյļЩѵ
ĳȻҪۣЩΪԺܹϰֵ
ĳ̵Ļû˵꣬ӽ˿˼󣬡ޡһһĭ˹ȥϧñȽԶûС
治ҪΪһ˽Ȼ˵˹ûʣΪٻвϧȾͬѪͬ˵ʬҪǵ֪ûӡ
ӽ⺺ֹۣŽ񺺼õĽڶ࣬ɵúǱӡ
ѵһʧȥ˼ѵȤתͷԹ˰ٴ˵˵Ƕкܶź˵ֶΣһٵҪ㣬Ҫ⣡
˰ٴб˹ϣɫʼ׵ķĳһۣȭӦүģһᶪҶ档
ãǵǸͽˣжٴռáźҲҾֻһҪ󣬱Ū˾ͳɡ
ӽ˵⻰ʱ򣬻˺²ںɱļǧգһҧгݵ̬
ǣү˰ٴһ֣۾ǰҹнӹĳ̣ŶȥȻû޺֮ȴܼϹĵطһˮա
ӽʰ飬ԸܱԵλʿһ


581 ԸΪ
һƴ͹־һҹ죬á
ȱ֪Ϻˣһþ͹ݣƴְݼ˺
˵ɣӽץĳ󺺼λҪøжǱģϺͰ˵
ƴ͹Ȼظ˷ĳһʱ䣬ȴҲջ񣬾ǲô¹٣еνĴ
ӽ˵֮󣬵лһȻվ
ӽ˶ʮ£Ҳһƣ룬ܺãüĿ͸һ˿ϲá
ҼǵɶӳԽԽˣڸǼûС뵽Ҫץ˷ĳ̹ӽеʵ
ƴ͹ֻ࿴˵ƴڻشүʵҵȺ˱²֮ʱ޿̲ӻشҹʦȥǡɽ²һһεʤرһδʤЩѵĺ˶ʧȥϣԽԽٵ˻Żشк຺ܶˣΪ˻նμū齨ĺڳ档ˣһ֧
ڵ˶ףƴ˵ʵǵΧ֮ս
ӽ֪ڳ棬ʷҲôһ֧ӡⲻĵص㣬ƴ˵˵ľʱһû˵ƴ͡
͹Եɺϣ˷İ¡󣬲͹˺ϼưѷȻǡΪǷǰϱ²۸ū̫ΪⷶҲҵȰȻǶܽ²ֲԣ׷ҪǺү¾ͽľԮ˾ͽˡ
ƴһͨӽɶľǴӷĳ˵˵ʵǺΪɵ˲žðӡ
ӽĻŭţڲ֪²ڵصʿպǷĳ̵ĸӷĳ˽²Ľ
൱¾еİ壬ҵı㲻֪ıҿһɵϣӮ׵֡
ӽһЩղƴûϸ˵ĵطһһõ𸴺˼Ϳʼˡ
ûʻһֱ顣ھͰڵӽǵĽ
˺ܾãӽ͵̧ͷƴ͹ֵλʿǿʲô㣬ǷԸΪһδ򵼣²ֻѪծ
ڵ˶һ˺˼Ҫı֮ǰļƻ
ƴ͹Ҳһ£˻࿴ƴ˵ˣүһҶ²ˣҲɶֻҪܱ𣬲Ҫ˵·ǲûˣҲϧ
˵ӽ˵֮ǰɿĿ˹һۣȻ˵һ˴·ӣȸżȥˣү¡
ӽһؿ֡
õǼ²ʱ򣬲ĸ׺ź͵ɽϣؼڻܵܵʱ򱻽²ץˡһֱ֪ǹͣ˺ˡ
û˵꣬ͱӽˣ㲻˵ˣĸܡûбǣǳ͢ʧְǴӵĳ衣˻ȥץĳ̵Ĺͣ͵ȳ͢ʹͰɣֵַǷֱĺӣҷǳͣʮһ⡣
ӽⷬǴδ˵ģǴסˡӽ˵֮һ㷴ӦûС
ӽҲǣԸĸǮȻֶԹ˰ٴǶɸɣû˻еѡ
ǣү˰ٴͷӦаͷٽ£úòϸǷֱ˵
ǺүĶʮ˼պˡߵǰóһֽ˵
ʮǲˣһֻŰ˷Ǯʮʮֻˣֳܵרҵˡ
ֻеʽؽӹ˼б󣬺Ȼֹȥ˵үҲˣǣôˣһʱ
һͳ˾һ֣Ҿһɡӽûе˵ЩδĻǮȻǮûмӽס˼˵ͷҪ
ӽҲǵľһ򵼵Ļܻ⡣ԶҪͲǿһ˵Ȼˣд飬˸ȥ
һæмػشлү
ȥϢɣʲô©˵ģҡӽԸ
лү˹ؿ˸ͷȻҹȥ
ӽתͷĵǰȥƤ̨顣
ĴӦһȥʵӽָʾ
ʱ˰ٴȻ˵
Ȼתӽüͷ΢ӽү᲻ǽ²µһ壿


582 жɫ
ӽһµᡣ²û뵽ˡֻǶԸĻҲ᲼ն塣غĳطΪ壬ܸʹϵ⣬Ż̫壬Ҳ÷ĳ̵ն
˰ٴ˵ľϵҲûӸղ˵Ϸֲסֻǻһ־ԣŸӽôһ档ӽͷͷǵҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
⻰ҲӽԹ˰ٴ˵ȥǷĳ̣֪Ķե
ǣү˰ٴӦһȻöȥ
ûһ죬ĳ̶еĻ˰ٴʳˡٽƴ͹˵棬ӽԽ²ڲ֪һ
ӽϵĹ״⡣
ԭԼֻƻ²˺ʵçŶ̩û뻹ûжһĳ̣н²ĲԶ֪
ӽһ£д˷ţѽ²ԸĲϸ˵˽͸ɽصڡ
дһ£ʵĿǰ²״ȡж
Щ鶼æʱ򣬵Ѳ¬͸ϵˡ
үҪˣǳʵūҪ׼ˡ¬һӽæ˵
֪߷˲ôһ˵
ӽЦЦ¬еǰϵĹ״
¬е֣֪ʲô飬״ԽԽԾ󣬵ɴֻۣ˼ؿӽô
ţѵģӽܺã¬Ц
¬һ㶣漴ԼǶһʣǼٵģ˺ûҪˡ
㣬ӿһϲ¬ϲʵүλȡ鱨
Ҫ֪ôཨ²ڲ飬ǽ²߲㣬ǲ֪ġЩ²һйǸ¾ޡʲôû˵
ӽ鶼¬˵һ飬ʡ
¬֮ɫׯӽʵүô
ӽû̻ش𣬴¬ߵһ߹ɶͼǽϡһĵͼϵһλãȴּ˵ô
¬һȻԼµһ˺Ҫǰڽ²ʢ
ֻӽָŵͼѱеһ˵·Ŀǰ֪ȫ·Ǳȥܵʱǿ;Ҫܽ²ʵӦûԤƻҪ쵽
ܹʢĹһԱ¬˵ýҲ֪ȼçŶ̩Ҫ㣬˵ɹԽ²ҲһޱشĴı˫ʿ
õģʵȴһ⡣¬еķҲǷǳѵүʢôǽ²ĶǣȻʱ򣬿Ҳ˵ܴġ
֪ⲻйһһеļƻĿľһʢһòµĻȥʢⶵһȦҲǺõġӽиƴ˵ɶͶ²֮£˵⻰
ɶʣ຺˵ķ֮ģʢҲ׬ġ
ãү¾ͽ¹ٰɡ¬ȭӦȷʵǳҪǻҲҪ
ûӽȴ˵һۡ׳١
˰ٴӽɵòȰүϷԸעⰲȫǧðա
˭ָ¾⿿жãӽʵ
ҲûΣգƾĻܹĿԷǳС¾ҲȥƾŻƣ˵лᡣ
һǧѷĻᣬˣսܽ²֮ǰͱ뿿˴͵ϮɹӰ콫ǳսҲı˫ʿսĶԾ
˵ֻҪ첻꣬ƾ¾Ļ²ԼѶǷǳġ⼸µĸַǳС
жĹһðվȻҲ뵽ԼİΣ˳ʵ۵Ķ˻еİ棬ȴǾԴ¾˴ս
¬ҲǱӽסˣȷʵ˺˵ƾ϶겻ģ¬֪֮еġ
ӽܼᶨù˰ٴ¬ûֻôӼƻİȫԷ֣ϣƶһķ
ǣӽ¬ʼСܱҲȺȺԽ²ĴʩƶһĽ
һ죬۳һҶܽܵķ
Ϊ˰ȫԣҪͣ졣һ㽨²õϢҲϲ


583 ж
ƻһжϾͿʼ¬ҲʱҹҹϻƤ
ڵڶһ絽Ƥʱһҹû˯¬Ƿǳãټ쿪»顣ȻˣΪѾͳ˧ĳʹҲϯ顣
λүжϿʼ汾ٷ¬ڽμϣ
ȡжӽָģһֶȤɡû㣬иƺҲ
нһҪվúֱ۾ע¬һڵһ±һֽŵʼ֡
һȫ뱾ٵıӪһж¬
ǣة֪¬ϲʹãǰζ顣Ҳûʲôʣش
¬΢΢ͷȻתܵʵҲҪʱ鱾ָӣռսҲͳͳ͵ٴս˺󣬶ȥ֪Ƿԣ
Ȼᣬгţ»뷨ҲԼԲս£ѽ²ˡ
ĳͬǰߣһݼƽϵĿܡ˵ѲԺֱܳʵĴ߹٣Ҳҵֻ¬ȭ˵һةġ
¬õظҲлתͷʵ¼ʢڣ
ĩڡ¼ʢة㽫æбȭص
ݿɿرʽ²뿪ʺ󣬻ڵ˱پƵвԼѾĿľһӳٳʽ²Ĺ̡类²ӻصͷ¬˵棬ú
˲֪Ϊ˷ֹ˺͵ϮʢʱײçŶ̩²Ϊ˼ǱڵΣգ
¼ʢ΢΢еԾǰû¬겻ͷľɽҲݲб뷨ϴص
¬ų¼ʢٴһϣĴֻغ̴ǰʣô
ĩס
¬õظ󣬴λվߴһֳһϵʹҲòվڽԼֱ¬Ӹ¸ӵѹ
սϵʹˣϵͽ²յԱȣսΪؼһսֻҪһսɹ²ڼھͲڡΪɶΪ˴
¬˵ܣŲ˾䣺Ϊ˳ʣڽͳѾɱС˭ηвǰսģɱ⣡
⻰ǰѳѾҲˣ͸һŨŨɱ⡣¬Ǵսɱɱ˵ʮ㣬͸һɶ֮µĮӣʹû˲Ұ¬Ļ¡
ʤʤĽÿںŻش¬ƣһߵĳʹܰĽһԱԼľ̫಻ˡ
ɢ֮ƤͿʼæµˡ·صǲͷӿɶϵģһӶӵʱ
˶֪ڴĴսϾҪʼˡһ˾Ϥӭụ
ӣǵöɱУһϱ
ģû£Լɡ
ˣλϱ
źˣ

󣬱ֽϡҲûжĽϵ¡ӵȥˣȴԽһĻĿ£˵һݱĻ䡣
¼ʢȥ󣬵Ϥ²;ĳˣٴȷжƻ
ֻҪ²᲻öչεԼյʳôסǾ練ơ
ֻһ㣬֪ةȫǴȥεأִô²
¬û˵ҲʣֻУԼŬһпӽ²
ʲûбֶãڴհ¬װĴ뿪ǰ˹ȥйжҲǻǱӵ¾һ͵Ϯʢ
Ϣѳ¼ʢĿɿڴʢڽ²Ƶĸأ͵ϮôǵڴкսëܱҲδйͷة˺ȻҪôǷô
¬ֲ̬Ƿ˵ӡ¬ҲһβСʱˣôö˽һ¬ǻ֮ᷢˡ
һ룬Ǿ˵͵Ϯʢпܳɹͷһó¼ʢѪʱ޲Ҳܲ˴͵Ϯ
ܹǵˣ¬ѰˣȻٸģֻôͷ
¾ܣ͸¶κˡ񣬶Ա֤ķؾзǳشáҲҪס²֤ȫأô
¬ٴζ¼ʢΪʲôھϻׯϵͷشةģĩý²ӻص


584 ̲ݽ
ϵӵʱֹһ졣Щһǧһʮ˵¾ʮӪ¬Ӫ˰ʮˣռһǧʮˣʮˣΪṩƥжʮˡǧһʮˣ˵Ҳ㲻ˡ
ڹǣرǹ²ǵĻ˵ȥǻᱻΪǷӡٺõҲܹȫѻʯ
ӽһ׼ȴϵʱһʱй㱡֪ҪҪһдʲôġȥջǾдԼûģôֺαȥأ
һϣ֮ǰ뷨ͳ׵Ժȥˡʱ֣ȫ
ʱ֣ȫɶءУɲԲվӽĽ
ǰǴӽµس˵ȥǸʱҾ˵ǻģһҪ²һݺݵĽѵ
ֻӽĻ˺ʹ˵쳹һƬ̲ϡе䶼һԼսȫע˺
ʱĺѲǵĴֻѷǰȥƤ䲽ˡ²ʱñɱˮһսľ档
кܶ˵ͬڽ²ڽ²֣֮߼԰²ƻǿռ²ˣΪ첻ݡǷѪծ˵ҪҪ𣿡
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ӽһ󣬾ˣ˫鰴
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Ҫ֪Դӽ²Ѵǽ²ءˣһͿأɶˡ
²漣²ˡ򲻿ɵСĿſںš
Խ²һʤҲֻ֮شġ⻹ǽ²֮ս£սµмУҲɱܡ
Լ˺ɱ²أȥ²ǹһȦ´ھĸϴ֪ߵغСӣԼֻķ羰˵
ӽڡԸ⡱жУҲǸоѪڡָоǱĵطᾭģ˵ĸоһѪ˵ĸо
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¬ΪսҪнֹʿ䲻Ҫ֪ʲôֻҪִɡ
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ظоǰ뷨дĽģʿҲˣ֪ΪζսʿսԵ
뷨Ӱʹ¬ԺľУҲѧӽС
ЩʵĽʿһߺţһ߰ĽĽʿôõһλͳ˧ڣһôҸ顣
ӽˣȫȻֻ˵֣
˵֮Լ쳣򵼴£ȼƻ·߿ʼ²ͦ


585 ū
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̫֪ΣȻһɺĵָŴӳǣߵŽ˵ΪҴ޽˸ߴһǳأǸøллǣ
ܱߵҲЦͷĿݸóݵ
Ȼ̫ҪݴûʮҲ򲻹һݡȴûһ֮ģΨжԻ̫ļȳ羴֪Լֻɱһˣ̫ǻȴóǧ˵ͷء
ݰѧŻ̫һһУԼʲôʱҲȨѧ̫֮ûл̫İҲ˲̫ࡣ
뷨ʷϹȻõʵֵĻᣬ󸨳ȨȴɾһӴʥʱλϣȴǲˡ
ڻ̫֮ǰͶѾڴӳܼҪĵפ˱Χס˴ӳǡ
䲻ܶžϵȴǱʱһǵΧǷû̫ҲԵͷ
ڴѵȫΧӳǡͬʱһ־ӣලʹӾʼΧں
Լоʰ֮ǰѵĶͶǰμ
սΣ̫ôôȣȻֱӽ⣬ϻ˷ʱ䡣
ֱ̫ʱ̬Ⱥܹش𻰵ش󺹣ʼҾ̽ɱͼսȨҾԽԽֻ࣬صӣб˳ǡ
ֽӦÿԤϵ̫Ĩ˰ѶͷĺͷʶʳΣ
һʳѱˣǲ֪Ҿ˴ɽصԶһʳЩո˲ûжֲ֡ոʱݱ˻ȥֻոɡ
شʱ򣬲źۼذѽʳոֻһ仰ԹȥˣɽصԶʳȴ˵˵һöĹͲС
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û˵ķݣһֱ档棬û̫佱䣬û뵽ԹвԹ
ˣΪֵ̫ɵеŭ̫ƼҲҵʾ
ȴȶˣ֪ȷʵԼΡԼǰ̫ǿʳҪ˴αһҪĿģԼȴǴˣΪǰһӹͻ
ˣ̫һѵҲһЩһȥԵʣֻúܹ̬ϴǣ󺹣´һǵá
̫ʱҲû˼ϾҲǶԼȽϹˡçŶ̩Ļ˵սʱ˵ҲôçŶ̩ˡ
޸ǧʹӾȥʳˣԷҹζࡣ̫һᣬ
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΢ԥһᣬʵ󺹣ı᲻̫ٵ㣬Ҫ㳲ҾлӰ졣
ͳ˧вٷ顣򲻸ٴ⣬Ҫǻ̫Լһ٣ٶĸˣǻˣԵԼų㣬ҲҪҪ
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586 ūϵ
ԬóԶӳһڼ²ѺݳǶ
ǳȣ֪ôôһͽ²治˵ɱԲ˺гĳ
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һָϵһǰȡţȻ󷵻سʸ̽ͷĿһߵȺָʾ
ڶߣŽɻżʶش˹ȥ
۽鵽ĶŷһŵݵһԼܵܲʶ֣õݹȥָŶƽʱѧ㺺֣Ͳмѧܿô֪봫ʲôϢô
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˵֮ҲͷԼһſ
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˵֮Ԭ뿪ͷҴѲŶȥ
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ϢȴеžǸ˼дַֻԻ˶ѡ
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587 
ԭڽӵӽ촬ʹľ󣬱˽²˴γĿģͬʱҲΪӽľٶе𾪡
ʱɽǰзֽ²ټ׽²ǹҲ޷ʳˡһҧһ˳ػһͳš
֪ɳʹʮ֮˾Żᱻ²ץסʩСƣƭ²˺֮д֪ͨԬ¡
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Ԭź󣬱ټٵķʽȥ²ǰעǰߡ
ʱӽȻ֪λ˧ڻжѽ²ڹһߡ
ӽоԲܱҹΪǰ棬αװɵõεнʽҲ˵ǰΪһ飬һʱʮΪһΣԴƣǰӦ
ôĺôǣǰ治С˽²ҲᱻΪСɵҹմɶء²٣͵Ⱥһ֮²˶࣬ˣɺĴ²
Ϊҹȵ飬ΪҪǣʿĽΪοо·ƶķǳãû鷳
о·ΪĴ䣬Ȼط֮е顣Ľ²ˣ֣ʾӾŸˡĺūߣ»ǲɢΪҪ飬Ǿ鷳ˡ
ڴĵ죬֪˾Ƕʮҵİ̸
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λѵ˻Ѩڣܷ͵ϮǣҪˡΣǷҪϢһ
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Ȼӽˣһ㶼ϱǳϳĲ񣬶оʱԼսҪϢս²սԵʱ򷴶ս
׷״˺үĩţϢ
ЩӶţ۲ǡ
үĩµ˱ĩо񣬾͵űѩأ

ӽĽ͵ͷ˵ãȻˣΪҹζ࣬Ͱԭƻ͵Ϯǡ
ǣүнش𣬾񿺷ܡ
ץʱϢҹȷϵ󣬸ٳӽ
Ѿٽ䣬ˡˣ»ᱻʮҵ·ֻڸ·ˡҲΪٽ˵·ǿҲǰԲϡ·
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ںƵ죬ӽŵġе淶󺺼ϧʧôã²Ȼ͵û·
ʵǰҲëʱڣ;ϸǱ뽨²߷ҥͶɱĻûٸɡֻǺΪëЩֶαʧˡ
һΪû˱ëͨЩūӱŬ໻˾Ļ̫һЩԷж²ɱˡǺ¬˵ָȨעսʤЩڶսֶηӣҲû㹻¬ȥʩչ
Ϊһʧܣ̫Ŀɶ˳ʧȥϣٽзͳûЩֶΡ
ڷĳʧ٣Ƶ˾ȻعΪǰ֡ĳ̷Ѿ׶༪٣һͨͲˡ̫ͷûУȻ̫غ˵¡
ǰɶ˶ˣǴɽУֻЩĹʿӡ
ӽŴڳǱǡ
ԼڰҹʱңǱ⡣
ֻǵĵƻ𲢲࣬ԵһƬڡֻгǽÿɱлȼգΧһСƬطΪҹ粻СûѵĹ
ӽͨԶ֣ڳŸֵҹ²Ƚ϶࣬ضεĳǽÿɲһѲߵļӽ²ʱ
ǽǺܸߣüʦǽӽϲԭɶĳǽҪһ㡣
²ռΪǺִڽڣûз˽²Ҳûȥ޳ǽ˵ǳֺõ飬ٶǲŲȥ¡
ӽ۲֮תͷһߵ¬ʱ¬ҲͨԼԶ˳ͷ
ү¹ٿû⡣¬Զӽ˵
ãٵȵȣǰһ̣˳ҲʿϢһ¡ӽȻееţǿ¬˵
ռƻ¬ѡʮսǿ߽ȥ͵ǣܷһǡ


588 ͵
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վ͵ǵĻϣ¬ԼҪӽ˵ү¹ٴ͵ǰɡ
˶һ㶣ʲôЦ˵Ѳһǵô
̨ʿҲиȣЦˣӽЦ˵
û¬ȴ࣬ػصү¹ٲǿЦ¹Ϊ˴͵ؼǣϵĽʿҪס²Ĺ֤ͬԴԴϵϳǣҪϵĽʿǿ¹ԷƱھе¹˵ڶû˸ҳƵһ
¬˵վ¶Ǿް԰ɱӣ¶ɱʱΧһɼѹ
ӽŹ̥¬벻⸱ģȻܿϽʿǼǧ겻Ĺˡʲô֫ͷԼ֮Ļ¬ϸò֡
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¬Ҳֻ֤ԼʵȻչֹûŪȥΧ˶˿
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ӽ˵ˣͼһ˵үģ¹ٲԼЦġ͵Ϯɣ¹ٶȻӲ
˵֮¬һϵؿӽдһ˿ȻڴӽĿ϶
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Һϵˬպǲ䲻ȵʱʿǱҰҲǺ
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вɰ²нգҲȫΪܵԵʡ
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һԣӽǵͷ
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еʿĬĬעųǽаͬܳɹ
ͷϵĻķΧԶ˵ˡ
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ֵ˹ȥÿ˶óһצųһͣ˴֮಻һңʼתצ
ǵ֣׼ϡɿ⣬鵶׼¬顣
תצʿаţʱʱצֱ֣ɳͷ
ġϴ˳Ȼǲ󣬵žҹȴһ
һ͵ǵĽʿûԥĻᣬצһȥһֱ
Щѡ͵ʿݵˣٶȷǳ졣ɾһʱ򣬹ƳͷϵĽ²ӦˣһŮ滰һǶ⡣
ţͷ뵶ʵõ絽שͷצϵĴʼбϣһ͵ʿȥ


589 ͷɱ
һʿðͷ۽Ƴͷм²ۼߡԶĽ²Ҳ߸Ϲһ߻ںߺš
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˶еһеԥү˵Ҵʿġ
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Χһ֮£㲻ԥ׷׻ɱеս˹ȥ


590 ׷ǲ׷
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ͬʱ²ںУмԼ֡ôһϵ֪϶ΪԼԭ򣬲ý²ĺ֮ߡ
˲࣬ԽԽĽ²½뵽СԼߵͬҲʼб²Уɥʧսġ
¬ͬʱֳдӵĽ²߸ѾԶĳţսƣаޡ
ǽ²мɣĸߣһ͵Ǿͱ֣ǽ²ηԼǽ²ĺȻԼͬ鶼ɱѡ޲ĸ½²ٶ㣬ֻҪԼɱŴȥš
սݲԥ¬ϣһϷɱǶ⴦
һЩʿóһӣһͷѸٰ˳Ƕ⴦һͷȥЩʿ׷˵ةߡ
¬Ҳ飬֪ԼڳͷϺĻЩʿһߵġûԥӴݵԽǶ⣬ͬʱһӣٵ»ȥ
͵мǱȥģ󣬾ŶƣСռ䣬ڻͬ۳롣
Щгʿ˵ͬһ³ǽȻЩĽʿҲǶһ˳ġ
²ԽԽܼļ꣬ӷĶƷ϶дڳĽʿõĲҪǿų򵱳ҪǵǷ³ǽ
ֶڻʿֻ˶ѣ˳ͷ
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˶ϼ¥֮⣬֮ǰŵҲͬʱ롣
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˶Լϵļʱûб͵Ϯɹţ¼һʣ㶢ʵжٱжٵо֪ô
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ʱ򣬳ͷִһֻһȺ꽨²ӵһ׵˳ͷڹ۲
˶ǸսˣҲ˷ֵΡһͷǻˣﵱһãæ˼¥Ǳ߸Ϲȥ
Ȼϵʱǽ֮ˣҲū̫ĶӺʿ׼ţҪȥ׷ɱ
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ÿѰܣ׷Σ˶еĻҲǴ
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ʱͬգϴΧߵûȥǵսǵѲͳ£ǿ١յ۹ȥˣǧðհ˶мĵȰ
еȰе˲ȰȰ˻෴Ч
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֪ˣ±սȥ֪֮أ¬ɱôܶ飬˾ͼñ˱ǿҲǣ˵棬ٹ˼棬˴ʡ
֮Ǳӻʢ˶еͷ֮ۡӲΪԼĹֻǸȥİ˶ѡ
ںȻǼԼԼص˼Ҫȡսɵ÷ŭˣŭȵçײƥ򣬲һƬģô죿
Σ¹ʢΣǴһ˿ǡҲʼˣȴǴһ˿Ȱ⡣
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˵֮Ҳ˶лػͰһУʼս
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һÿ꽨²ӵȥŵʱǵı󣬴һ΢ϵͳͳס֣


591 
һеĽ²ҶˡЩŵ꽨²Ҳֹͣ˶
˶˵ģȹȥ˶밲
콨²Ҳ׷׹ȥ밲
֪˭ܲԸط¹밲
оڳ⣬Ϊξڴ˴Ŀǰʢū˴˶֮׵Ĵһŭغʵ
ſΧôˣϹʱԶͷֲˡ
ƴʱѽӽʮˣСͿʼսľһֱ̫ãҲճ̫ԭ֮һ
˯ıȽūŻ֮ʱʢȻܵĹ
³ƾž֪鲻򵥣Ҵҵظγǽ
Ҳˣĳ֣ʱֹ˺ĳǡ
ƴҴ˶кͺĽͣҲϷԼۣͷȥ
˶кͺ֪Ҫֻ֮øڴƵĺ棬һϵͷ
ʱѴһ죬ûŶӦ˵ûߺܺá
ֻûߣ֮ųͷڴ۵ġ¬˧֮£һԱ׵ͷָָ㡣
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бһۣ嶯ëͷСӣôǾ̫Ķӡ
ǰԼչ͸¶ҪΪδĴ󺹡Σƻһģʺʢڵı϶󺹴ˣڵǷؾе㻹ٱɱУ
˺ܲˣƸһԡҲصһǧѣ
һǧתͷһۣ̲סһֳʵ
Լʵһ㶣סǿҵرӸУһָϸЩǴǰЩսðõбô
ϸؿ۳ЩȻӡеĲһ⺷սЩԭڴʿϵЩ֡
˭ˣοһĿ˵Ļ̫ӺƼʱֱƽˡ
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˵۾ź˶У˵ÿ˶˰סǧСкˣǴ֮˴þ棬һԭͲ
ⷬ˶˵ģôֻ֮ԱǣмһˡӴƵ˵ǾͲһˡ
ƿǴС͸Ⱥµģľ棬дƵһݹڡǺ˶֮ףǴ󺹼Ҳһ硱
˴һ˵꣬Ͳ˵ˣųЩһۣĬˡ
ƼȰס˺񣬱㿪ʼʢڱ࣬ڳ֮ʣȡһֵȫϵͷԷٴ͵ǡ
˶ˣϴӦһǶϷ㽨²¶֪ġ
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ǴӦһ󣬺ԥһ£ὨǷӸǳأȵصǰΧЩΪãһǿܻŵǰñпܵȸɱˡ
Ϊ˵оݣӦû
˭֪ƻҡҡͷԸ֧ľûʲôáǳصıԱҲѱ󺹳һգֻʣǿضѡһõǵɽ֮ƣǳصı͸պǵļơ
Χˣ˶Уɰ޽ϵЩ鶼ǵˡ
ʱȻһ춯صɱ²ɱ²
ƵתͷȥֻԼڴߺ
֮ʢǳͷϵĽ²δġţֻ˿ںţˣʤʤ
е֣¬ǸʲôԼʿͷӵʿôʲôЧоӾͶˡ
δ꣬Ȼжͬʱֿʼˡ


592 ̫ײ
תͷڣǳڵİձ׷ӵϽͷ鿴
ˣʢûս£ںȻкɱ²ʤ̫ˡ
Ľ²е㾪ɲЩ˰¶һ˼飬оôһҪӣ
ƿüͷһ壬ֳʿϽֽϣ˰˽Ͻ֣ɱۡ
˵֮æתͷ⡣ֻʼֳ֧ӣԶļׯȥһֱ֧Ӿڼ̤ʿ俪ʼŻ
һʧɫʢвٴׯЩطûʲôҪˡ
⻹вׯ԰ǴļҲԼҲмҲ⡣
ЩȻŻԭĴι
ͷϲٽ²⶯ɵҧÿ죬׷׿ơ
Ǳ𣬸ʹ͸ĵһׯ԰Ҫˡȿսôţɱɣ
ƵֻȭͷֽһᣬǼᶨҡҡͷκ˲óսʢΪһҪ񣡡
»ڿԼҧ˵˲бһᱨġ
ⲻ֪Щ²ɵ顣ڱᵽܺߵʹˡ
Ȼǵϣûжʱ䣬ԶͬĴӾȺŻˡ
ͷĽ²óڳׯ֮󣬿ͷСӵľɱŹҲɱе޿Ծˣֳϣɱ
ˣЩūӦûˡ˵ᣬˡ鱦ʲôĵطͳͳᱻָ
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ϣųļ׻ѣЩӲӡʳô𺣡죬Ȼ硣ƣԽԽʡ
ͷϵĽ²ŭڣţԼڳڲҳȥʲôʱôˣرЩ꽨²ǴҲҺǴڣ㹻סӡ
¬ִ컹ڳ⣬˵øԶ˵㡣˧֮£һǧڼʢͷĽ²
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ýǷֺԼ֮ǰĲ²⡣ΪǿЩ˶ٶٶض顣
ֻϲûжٶǳֵǹǡ¬ȥȻˣǵĿڴһЩ鱦֮ģͷϵĽ²ǿġ
ǺܿӷʽϾͷֱЩѺȥ˶ǵˡĺ棬Ųеĺūò£϶Щĺūɡż֮ĻŴ
ǲǴģͲǳͷЩ²ǵˡ
һ֧֧ܵǡ¬£ȻȻʼЩɱһЩԭĺūһӳȥЩЦܴʢͷ
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˵֮תߡߵһȺҲԥת׼ս
վסһûأƷŭˣȵ
һתָų⣬ʴƵ㿴ȥҿȥ
û³ȺţȻƾ衣˵ʹǳսûʢָų˵
ţȷʵн²δŵġôһ˵ͷϵĽ²ԥˡ
˭ܵʢʧݵΣﻹôˣлʹ˭𣿡ƴʵ
ˣһһȭԼϣоԼˡ
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ǡӦһҴ˳¥
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ͷϵĽ²ųЩʱŵس˿õļѼţ⡣ǰ֮࣬۾ĴתѰǿܵ
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ǺȻЩжˡ


593 ɱ
ֻʼලţЩԭĺūˣһЩʢǶһ֮صĵطͣס
ĳóͷ²ѣֻЩūЩ泯ʢǹ£Ȼһͷ­вٺūϵͷ­ʢǡֿЦһᣬŷڡ
ͷϵĽ²Щūӹͷ­Щڳ²Զ泯¶һ־Ŀӡ
ý²ǣЩūȻֿʼɱڶˡ͵ǵ棬͵һһɱ
ķȻ۾ʵ˶ƣƵĶ˶С
ٵȵȣзĻ¶ټġҲûпķһ֣ûаյ˵
ʲôµöѡһҪӣ˵Ѿе㲻˼Ƶˡ
ô˵ģŭˣʺ
ƷŭһƲǳͳ˧²ļɻǷǳϵģĺǳأʲôݣܵ
Ƽûٶ죬ŭҲ֪³ڵĴ˶ǷǳŭҪսġԼֻǽ²ı󲿷˵뷨ͬòӵҲֻǿԼݵλѹŶѡ
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뵽ͿڶԺ˵ٿδַټ׼ս
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˴ε֮ǰĻ죬ΪвٺūҲ˺еС
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϶Щ˸䡣
ɱ˺

ۿŲҾҪݣ´ڣʿ䶼ʼˡ˴ͷ˸һʱ֮䣬ƶģһƬս
еʱ򣬵ײʿԺԣΪ΢еʱ򣬵ײʿһγһͬû˸Һˡ
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Ľ²Ҳ׷׸Ź򵹣Ƶȥͷֻʣ´һ˻վš
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ƾǴ̣
˶һӵϲϿʼԴռ׼ǡ
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·ֻʣ¡¬µһǧˣЩֻǸԶ£ǣ֪˵ʲô
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н²ܵľͲߵģЧʷǳߡûжʱ䣬˳ڵɵϡ
һ˶İ˰ʿ䣬һǺĶǧҵ
˶кͺڶеǰͷ࿴һۣܿԷеͬ͡ʱһ٣ſʼű
ݡ˶ͬʱһǣŸԵ£ɱ


594 
ʢĳһͷ׷ȻʱעʢķӦ
ţһּúԶȻ׼սǵתͷ׼ˡ
ڳͷѵǿиɵĿճǼơһӹȥҪܣ
˶кͺǺ󣬱㿴˳ĺ󱳡΢һΪӦûһɱڿջޱȵȻһѷǾˡ
ͱסˣشһֱ׷
˶кͺľ벢Զ˺ǴԹвɰ룬ѵǰˣ̫ˣ
׷ԭͣĵطʱòͣΪȫ֮ǰտµĶһѣһѵϰţʬǱأܶ඼ֻǳһˡ
ɱĺộôٴζ޵ҧгݡһǡ¬ڣֿ·ӵĺū
ѡһ˶Ҳǰ۾š¬ִ죬㲻ͣһս·ߵ¿ʼ١
˶սɹЩϰѣ¿ʼ١˵뷨һ׷Ѳ¬֧Ϊ¬ߴ磬˶ڳͷǿҪߴ硣
ʵһԭ򣬾ȥɱЩūɱЩͨȻԱȴжٹͺɱѲ¬⹦;ʹˡ˺˶˭ҲԼȥһЩֺõ飬׬ĻøԷ
ˣҲûڹϰѺͣȴӣֱӾܵķ׷ȥ
ڳͷ˶еľӶϳһֳ󣬲΢е㵣ġͷһ룬ǧһǧҲٶһǧѣӻռƣӦòʲôΣա
ЩɢȥƲΪܸϻսΪһǧܵúԶˡ
ȻѾǣ׷ԶߵĵطȥˣڳͷսҲáƱתؼ¥ȥһָӳڵЭϳǷأ˳Ϣһ¡ϸ첲ˣվôãееˡ
²׷ӣȻ²ƴ׷ʼղౣһ֮صľ롣
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˵ʱ٣ʱ죬սһڶ̶ʱھܳʮ·
ǰĹٵ߶ɽɽرȽ϶ͣұߵɽƽطԽ²˵ϤÿδʢᾭԽĽ²̧ͷɨһɽ²ֱӶǰ󱳡
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˶ȴȻое㲻ԣ·мôϰˡ·ԼҲߣƽĺܣֺֿߡ
ΪؼǣЩǰӿӣƣҪͣǸܡ¬жϾܺطֱ
˶ԽԽԣæѶͣס
˶µϱҲòԣ˶еƣҲͣɺ£ƴ׷ϣ¹ͱռˡͲͣͣסġ
˶бؼǰУΪٶȵķŵͣʱѱ׷ϡ
ۿԽ˶УһЦ׻ɵ档˰ɣ˰ɣ
ɻûתͷͷ˶пǰȻһ±òҰס
ɫԲΪԼȣҪ˹͵ɫǶĿ־塣
һóۣԼһ֪˶в֮ˣǿ˷ǳرĶǲ¶˵顣
תͷǰȻ˶ɫס
ֻǰĹٵϣźڿڶǣһЩַε˿š
֪Ҫ㣬ƴһ·
ʱһ춯صء䡱Ļڿˡ
һſʵֱֱط²ӣÿһŶոĽ²˭ý²պöڹٵϣҪһֳ
ĻڶǸĽķɻڣټ죬ֲ٣ȺŷţӰȴܵıܼȡ
ЩʿɵزŻڣ·ڽƽѵһ㡣
ǰ·ϣѪɣ֫˺ѣǾͺû
·ߵĽ²æĴ϶ϣܱܿڻ
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595 ɾ
ɽҲǹͲɽǻڣڽ²ͷλݡףһͬʵոǵƽɽݷǹ֣ٵϵ˰
²ڻʱѸоԾһûоǹԵãǳ
Ƕǰ״סƣ˾볷֮·ʱ·Ҳסˡ
ܶཨ²֪ԼôģɽϲδģôͻȻܹأ
ЩõĽ²򿴵ɽûǹЩ²֮ǰȴһʣΪʲôЩɽϵô֣
ϱǵŵĵѡڲ֮ǰʶ֧ĹӲ˺İΧ˵о֮ǿ𻹻جεĴڡû챻Լˣһǵ
ܽ²жǿĸ£жô뺷ͶôĲķȦڣͳͳǸƣֻܴŲʻع
¬жվڹٵϵڱغ棬ĬĬעǰһС
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¬һθо˵ڻǰû˿ôһ˿ɱбʮأҲֲҩСС衣
ûΨ˺֧¾𺳡ÿһο¾ĻҪһΡ
¬оΪ𺳡ǶһԲؿ¾ɱ²Ȼһ˿Ϊ²еĸо
ӽһϿţսѪɣѾϰˡڿһʱսòˣߵ¬ߣ˵̨һòٳɱˡ
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597 ʤ
үٵȻɣսΣգ˰ٴûӦȰӽ
Ҫӽ̫磬֮˵Ǿԩˡ
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ӽ⻰һ˵һ뿪ˡЩǰӡǺܺãǰж£ȴһ·иʲôΥͣһҲûԩ
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ӽȫһ٣Ȼˡ


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ӽֿſڵʿ䶼Ц̽ͷ̽Եؿŵڣ߹ȥ˵ȤԸҲһ°ɣ
ڽ²ĶǣڻʹԼĴȷʵ˷ܡһʿе㲻˼ӽүīá
㲻еĵǹ̰ﶼУԼſ̡ӽЦ
ûʱ䣬ӽġһΡ˶ϯС
ӽ˶øַʽڽ²ĻʹĻľͿϡɶɶɶһΡûĻؾͿ̸ڹɶģдϴȻԼ϶еķš
һЩûб²ͿġһΡ˰ݡ
ȵʱ䣬ӽʽȫˡǴҲһʱ䣬̤˹;
ӽ뿪Ǻ󣬻ͷǳأа˵õĽһģ


601 
ܱڴǰ棬˺Ƶҹն֮⣬ҹնͳ죬˴ǰãΪ·
Ϊʱ˼̫Ӵ󣬾ûʱһǱмˡ
Ǽڶм䣬ȻˣҪŵġ²ĻЩֻǳ²㣬ࡣ
ǲ·ǰܴĶ⡢¿ţССĳѹٵˡ
֮ĳÿʿָ£Ǿн
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ĺ棬ҵĵͳʾ¬Ӫǧ죬ź·
¬ӽԼʣµĵ¾򲻼Ӱ
нȻʱ˲٣𲽾˵Ҫ첻ٵġ
ڹ˻֮󣬾зֽ²ټˡ
ԪΪܱԵֺܺãòܱΣŶʮڹٵ࣬ȷ˽²ټ
²ˣԪǰСɽϡǵעԶĴ󲿶ϣȻûзǵƤ£һĴڡ
Ԫпʼе㵣Ļ᲻ǽ²ǰ̽һϰرܱ֮⣬³γСɽϵĽ²
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ԪеĶ٣Сɽµ¶ֲߣ˺ɵ׷Щ²
ǲѴ֮ɱץһˡ
Ԫǰڹģںͽ²򽻵Խ²Ƚ˽⡣Щ²Ӧòǽ²򲻿ô׾ͱǸɵġ
һʣ²ĿڹȻĲ롣Щ²ǰķʢ̽Ϣġ
ʱ¡¡ԪתͷһλŰ֧Ԯˡ
ܿ㱨˲ܱһΪܱԼϵĵӷǳأ뱣֤²ܽӽнеĴ
ɴһҵҹɢúԶһֽ²ٵģֱɱ𣬲ǿ˶ĻͱŸܱԣɲܱԿǷϡ
ղŵһ龪òܱҲʶһ·ϲ̫סû߶Զн²ټˣȥ֪١
ܱԵЩɢȥҹգṩ裬Ϸ²̽
Ȼڽʱ½һЩ²ֻ̽٣˲ûͼݵܱԡ
һܱʹ˽⵽˳
Щ²Ǹ侸ӪƤ䡢ȵɳġЩطĽ²פһĶѱ̫˴󲿷ֱСһıͲࡣˣڷֵĽ²Ƚ٣뾪Լǰҹˡ
Щ²񣬶ͷĽ²һǸɳ̽ġЩʱߵ˽²ԶԶѸٱԵͷĿֵ̿˵ġˣǵصо
еĽ²ͷĿţԳ̽ԶԶĶ飬ŵƨԼĵ̣կŻ֮߱ġһϷأһ˰ɱԵĹϽϼ
Ϊʲô²̽˵ġҽ²ͷĿԼҲʵˣȷʵġʵԭܼ򵥣սƷʱһֿ⣬ȫĿս֮ģЩ²ɻװ
ֿЩѾ²һأܺúͺܻװѾȥˡʣЩȻãҪôǴĶܽʹѣҪôѾ˶꣬ƾɵúܡڽ²˵ЩͬһƲϣֿ֮ϧ
ˣЩװȫڲֿûжá̫׼Ժĺʱװֻû뵽Ǳ
֮ǰڽ²ʹǰĹ㳡ϣЩɱӵĺ񣬾ʿţŶӴӲֿ˿׵װϾ̫ˣһС첻ס
ҲûϵӽûЩ̣ܰﵽʲôæΨһþƣԶĽ²̽Сɲӡý²ɻ쵽ӵˡ
²ɵӣʱ䳤˿϶ӽµ²ľ񲿶ӣǴӽ²ǰ߸ϻصĽ²ôһЩ²һ棬ƾȫû³ˡ
Ϊܾ⣬ӽ¬ŻʧУôȥأ


602 ̩
Ϯ²αʼʤ˵ʱڴ֮صƽǣ²ǵĳУ紺Сݣչֳ˲
ƽѲӦѡŬ£ڳ֧͢Ԯ£ƽǵڷؽ
½ķΪ˳͢ṩˮ࣬ƽŻָ֮죬ⷿݵǰǺ˲١
˵ʦкܶٹסˮ෿Ӷã˵ǿƽѲĿɽ󣬷ˮ᲻Ღһ⡣ȻˣֻһЩڰԶѡ
ˮղʱҲֹйˮࡣƽѲӦѡݺݵذ˼ˣת
˺Ժ˶ƽ찵ãǾһЩ棬ŵ
ƽԭİղǱ²ߣѱɱڴ󲿷ֵİգԭھ֮ص
ڳдֱһլӵԺϯֵسԺš
ʱƽʶȱΪ˿˽ַھӾʹ˳ʳһС
мϯϣһλĺһվ˫žƱ˵ҳȥӦʱ䣬˸λ׽ַչˣ׳ģһˮƣȸΪ
˵֮һȦһ
ֵܣ˵⻰ͼˡͰȥɣȡֵӵľȥΪ磬ΪǶɱӡһػӦ˹ȴ׳
Ҷ֪νˣȷ˵ԺǷֵ֮СҲһпԣԣֻҪףԿɲμӡȴ׳ƾ˵ʵһѡ
ÿַھӲ඼ͽ²Ѫ˶ǳֹ֧ȴ׳ѡ
һ˵ȴ׳и϶ಡĸףһعѵɩӺһ塢ֶӦõΣҵġ
ȴ׳һֱΪ¶Լ֪Ͳ²ԼһԭͶƽӹһ١
İ٣ʱο˲棬ȴ׳ʴ֣ҪΪ籨
ҵһУҲѵõַھӵĳŵǵҪֻһùȴ׳ܶɱЩӣΪȥ˱
ԺȻ֣Ĵϣȴ׳ĸȴڴϣԴᡣ
ţҪ᲻ãǾͱöȥˡΪТ˳ֻҪ֣ġǰϱŲᣬһȰ
ȥɣӦȥġһѰҲ˯á̾ش
ǰʱһֱƫСӣСԺгϢɵʧȥӵʱ򣬲ŷִƽʱĬĬһֱ֧ңԹԡ
Т˳ӾôûˣһľۡԼΪʲôƽʱԴӺһЩΪʲôһˮƽ
˾ȵʧȥ˵ʱ򣬲ŻᷢЩҪϧ
ˣСε飬ֵ֧ġֻڸϣеѹ
ǰԳĬԶ˵Ķϱ̾˿˵㵱ҹȼϱô꣬ҲûúõҹȼҿǷ㣬㻹ᣬҪи˼ңҲᵢĺ
ţ˵ʲôأǲˣһжڡԺĻͲҪ˵ˣҲˣϱеŵĻ
Ȼ֪Ϊãǲϲ˵⻰
ʱȻһû˶һʱеεתƻĻᣬæԶϱȥǲǳʲôˣ
ϱͷȥšѵһƿˡ
̣ҵţҵšһС˽һߺһĸ׵Ļȥ
Դʧȥ˸֮Сһﶮ˺ܶࡣ¶ˣżɻƽʱСʶ֡
ĸײ㱻ײȴ˲Щӵŵʵ˵ʲô˵һ顣
ٲˣ˵šһ˵һĸ׵־ţȥٲԺ
ϵ˿УŽɵţѵûţӲƭˣΪһž֪顣Ϊʲôǹٲ֪ͨأҲϳ
ڻɾʱӵһˣûǲǡ
ǰǹȴ׳һһţ첽ߵĸ׵Ĵǰȥص绹ţ绹ţǸдţҸˣĹٲǶĹٲλү
ȴ׳е״Σһ˵ҪţһҪĸ׽ܹٲ
ڴϵ˼ؿŶӣּؿԼе֪ô¡λ۾ͺͰ˵˼ң˺ߵĻ˺֮ƽġﻹжʮ˼˺͸ġӺܺã²ȥɶˡӻشʱ򣬱˺ɳȥҹվ˻Ϊܿ͢ͻġ
󣬲ȼһϲ쳣Թ۵ĽַھӶǳˣЩʧٵģֶһϣ
֮Ӧģӽ·ĴԣƽҲʼ˿


603 ɦŪ
ϳȥҹһŭڴӳ⽨²о
һϸŻ֣̿޺ģɱޱ˳ȥ
СźȨӣū̫ղƽʱȽϲģ˵һ仰һĴۣƽʱʵڲ
ϻ治һȵˣʹöȶȱȽеĻ̫ܷꡣ
ⷳʵĲΪսµĲ˳
ǶرֻյԶһЩʳɽظʳǲƴ֣֪ϧʳһѻˡ
γĿ֮һʳĿģԤ̫ԶֻңȥĻ˵ɶᱻˡ
ӳǵΧǣһ೯Ϊۣڶ̶̵ʱΧǵĺ
ǵ̫ԼĺĴȥӳʱȴԼԶûרҵ
һԺ֮£źĴֻʣˡ⻹ǻֲ̫ԣǸϽĽ
źĴڶ̫˴ӳǵŷΪĴӳ
źĴڣŵڿڳݹĹٵԮŴӳǣԤźǵ
̫ѾʶԼ֮ǰ뷨̫ɣΪƾ˺Ĵڣ޵ˡ
βĴڣһżʿûлõģڲĴڵЩڳʿ䣬Ȼûг׼
ҪúĴڹкĴڷصĳǳأǻļܡؼǣĻڣôܱ༸أںܳһʱڶܡ
Ҫ˵ԭʷϣеµ˵Ͷ²ĺô˵ȥ˻ڣǴȥ˾ͨڵ֡Щ˶Ӷѵģʹøڡ
ʷϵʵҪЩڼܣɴ˿ɼ
һܸߵ飬ͻȻһԸʱټҲ˳ǻ̫Ŀǰַ״̬
ڻΪģ˵ĻˣԬƥץסǰƤɡ
Ԭʵϳɾϼ޻ĵգ˵Լ̬յķǳλˣԼת
˾ɳԮǰԮӳǡԼһɳ˻ȥ
ԼشʱͷɳԮԼΪԬͷʵʵܻһģظʮΣȻûһġ
ƥ򣡡̫һѪĸоǺݺݵһ䣬ʱޡ
һǳ֣Լźü˱׼÷
ÿ֪зһɦŪˣӲǲ̤塣ѷһЩͱӻ죬ܻؽݳˡ
£̫Ҳ˵һĶܿԶĶ
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ôһʮ֮£ǲֱӴǰġҿӣ̫жʱһֲõԤС
󺹣ʢԮٻʢ̽һ˵֮󣬱ſڵϴڴڵĴ
ֱڻ̫Դը죬Դˡ죡
ʲô˵һ飬˵㡣̫߽̽һ־ס̽죬ʵ
̽¬͵Ϯɺ󣬴ɳʹʱƻûɺ˶гֻǰѾѶǰߵĻ̫
̽һ˵òϸַ̫ʣֱ֪֪̽ϸڡ
̫̽죬վһⲽһ߼˼š
Ǵ߲ڱҧһڡԭΪ㲻Ҳˣû뵽¬Ȼһ鶼ûУڵѲλϣԼҡ
ǰ治󣬻̫Űͷתʦķ򡣲֪ǵطôˣȻǣȨɶˣ˵¬ڳеĺ̨Ӳ˴ҲӰ첻
̫һᣬ˵أǶıķĳʢӦ¡ֻôһ֧ʢΧӰ컹ǼӣǵɱȥǲС
󺹡̽Ъһᣬ΢һ㾫̫еη˵㻰
̫ˣתͷĿʾ¡
ĳڶ֮ǰʧ٣ǱҰıˡ
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Ϊʲô¬ô͵ʢ޼ɵ϶֪˴ڲʵ⣬Ժͷĳ̵ʧйء
ʢΣգ̫뵽ʧ


604 
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ô̫ûҪȫءΪҲǧ˲ȫصĻСˡ
мȥʱҲҪʱ׼Ͼ˵ܳġ
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ȥ󣬻̫߻Լλ£һߵԸȥϢɣ˼档
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󺹣ǲɿ࣬ı졣ӦҪ͸һѺɱɾźáø˻̫ͱԹ˵
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һʱ֮󣬰øϣԼµǧ׼
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ЩһͷǡǰߵĻ̫٣ȷʵҪЩ
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øҲǴ̵ˣȻıӣҲ֪Ϣй©Ӱġ
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ʹܣ˲ǰһʹֻаҡһԼľӣ߶˹ȥ
ø֪б䣬˾ʹ
үʢʢˡʹȻǼøģһجġ
ϢĽ²ȫסˣǵУô붼ܻᶪʧʢ
ǰø׼Ȼָʹжˣ
֪ǧʱ֮δ֪жҲ֪ˡʹһܴ˵ˡ
ô᲻֪أǸʲôԵģøһŭȵ
ū֮֮ʱʢδơֻū뿪Ǻ֪ˡʹæ͵
ǿ˶кͺûл׷¬ȴԭ˿ػصʢ¡͸оʢҪסˣ˷ɱ̫
ˣʹش𰢼øĻû˵ѡ
øһᣬٱ̫֪Լҹоʢ
̫ʢƵج֮ʱ֮һûˡ˺þãôƺ
ʢݣ´ӳǺͽݳǣûֲġɶǣӳǺͽݳǸͺúõУԼǶûг֡
̫룬벻һԼ֮֮ܺǰŬ׷ѣֻصʱ
̫뵽ԳһЦǻʲôǰûˣʣ¸ѡ
֪ʵˣΪҲûˡ
̫˰죬ٻЩıȫشӳǣ׼ʢʧݵϢ


605 ͱ
ǰʱǿΣѲ¬Ҵĸ֮޻ѾĻΧǡ̫ȸ·һ룬˸ס
һū̫˵ĪǰߴأóϵĶҧͣл˵
մһϢ֤޵ȼ֮޷ģһҪ¬ʬΣйͷ֮ޣ̫˵ҧгݡ
󺹣ʲôϢöе㲻õԤУץסصʵ
ʢ¬ˡ̫һߵرش
оһƬһᣬϱһ
ô£
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¬ôܵʢȥģ

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˵̫ȼ֮Ԥʩִֻе̫ܣɽʢʧݡ
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󺹣ô£öʻǲϸڣٴ׷ʵ
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Ӣö޳ɵʵô飬ʿôܻ˼ֻ̣ǳ
ֵ̫С۾༸ˣڵõͼöƵ󣬱㷢죬㼴ѡǧǰȥ֧Ԯø񡣾㲻ܰѵҲҪǶɶȴһõʧӴûеĻ
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ǸӣµĸͷĿǰ׼ʱ͵ǧˡ
̫ŵĽ²֮ʱ½Ρ
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벻ͨԸϵݣϢɶѲԬ
ԬһЦǳãһ㶼û뿪ӳݵ顣
Ԭٽ͵Ϸ֪²ˣΪ˺ڽ²ıͱˡֻǲ֪һͱǲǹݣ
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һ˺ǺȻܵõҪ鱨ٶӽ˽⣬ҲԬжϣȻûȥ²ͱӡ
֮ǶôΪΪӽһ
ھ֮սʱ͸԰˰׳ǰȥ͵Ϯ²Ƶˮ¹أصӲǰѽ²˹ڣν죡
Ԭû﷢ߵϴҾŸѡβ潨²ӽ²ٶȣԲӦ˺
ǴͬΪĽǶ˵ر˺ӦĽǶֻиɧŵǱɳġ
ΪԬɧţй㣬֮ǰѾ㹻ʵᣬҲ˲٣û˾ܾ
Ӿʤ̣˵̴ܵˣеĵͻӡ
ҲӽӵʱȥѣбҪԭڡ


606 ų
ϵʱ׷˰øıʱѽƻ裬컹úܡ
û뵽ȻøľûмоӪæܹȥҰø
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һ㶣ûǹ㣬һֻϵʢҶҲԷԸõһȥʢ
Ϊ²⣬̫Լ߼öȥԮȥ֮˽ˣܻӶõ˵ĸмͬԻ̫ɿܵв
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ʱø˵ݱЩ֣Ĵɨ򣬷ǳ֮šԶҾҹ̶ҲӪµūиָĻᡭ
ޣų򣡡ûȰø꣬ʹĻӵضһۣתͷߡ
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ԭʹ֪øйʢƵľϢԼĺ
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608 
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609 ɱ
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Ȼ̧ͷβ׷ͬһ㣬ж֧˸ĺøС
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612 ѪծѪ
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613 ˺ү
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616 ޵
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617 ߾
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618 
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һԳԾԭʵ۰ԼֻΪ顣û뵽˺ڻϵл֮أȻûǣˡ
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ʵͷȻԹʦҲ̫˵㣡ôһȻȥ²Ķǣ
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˺ǰƵģھ֮սʱѾɳ˼顣
˺ȻŰ˰׳ȥ͵Ϯ²ռˮ¹أԴΪƾѰǧ²˹ڡ
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ΪѴԼҲڽԼλõĺг֪ӽǷ
ϵ壬ҪôչϺӣ˴ôģû鼰磡
ʱλʱҲǾþ
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ʵʵѾ֪ӽ˵ⷬ˽øࡣ
˵ЩɵΪп治֪쾹Ȼ˴ڴֶѵʱʦ޵ǰ
еʱ򣬳ʵһȻɣǲڱӣŻ˷˼鷢
ʵԼҲһᣬиǵӽİΣţҪӽƽҲˡӽãڴ˵ʵ̫Ҫˡ
ʵ뵽ղ֮£䣬˵ʦôçײ᲻Σգ
һ»治˵ôһ뽨²أҪ˵ûΣǲܵ顣ܲ˵Σȥųʵۡ
ˣԴʣȻشʵ۵£ʦǴĸֵ飬ȴܰȻŽѫˮ¹֮սһܺõӡҲӦò£¾ܷĺˡ
ʵǵͷҡͷһҹ·ߵöˣܻˣչüͷǺܵġ
һٴ˺³çʵзִ硣ѵ֪²ıַ˰šΪ²αȫȴǿԵġ
ҲҪʦαֻҪƽԺԴǰȥʵ׵ĻͷԼĿ
ʵĻѾľˣָʵ۷ҲѾɶѲԬǣƽ²ѽ²һߡⷽ˺Ҳܶһݰȫ
ʵ۵ͷʦôȷʵܶʦİȫһЧūеı̫ˣֻǷһֻȥʦӦҲԲġ
ôһ룬ʵۻе㵣ġ
ʱڵʹˣµϢ
£²ȫأ϶˺ڽ²ֳ˴£ūŲò޹ڴϢʵ
е㼤Ϊܿ˺˽²αⲻܣû˵²⡣
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ʵа̾˿֮ǰĵ⣬²ı̫ǿйɧţūֻҪɳһֱҲʦԲġ
òʵԵ˵ֻܰϣʦƽ


619 뿴Ӱ
үڳɢˣô죿ĴӶǰͷܵмӽ
Ժùʾˣ֮ǰӣҸεĵطڿˡ´ʱȡӽе۵ǺܺãϾ͸ָʾ
֮ԻʾǾ̫Ҫһֻڳе
ӽôֱӵȷָʾ㱧ȭӦһǰȥˡ
ӽһ£ߵ¬̨˹ȥʲôط߻ͷ˹ȥðɡ
¬һϲæصлү˵꣬æԼȥ׷ġ
¬Զתͷӽ˵лĻ
ΪЩĿЩڵؼߡҰսڣսͻǿܶࡣ
һӽ۵ӣвɵе㵣ģͽүѾһҹˣɫͿˣҪЪϢ˰ɣ
¬ţԤƻҲҪϢġ
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¬Ҳ֪ʱĽ󣬼˺֣㲻Ȱ
ӽתͷһֱߵСе㵣˵壬Ͷ˵һͿϢˡ
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ͰҲ׷ױʾѶȵ·˵С˼
ӽǵ̬ȷʵԣٱԼҪǿһ㡣в΢΢ЦûԼˡ
Ҳٶ˵ͷ·
ȵȫ֮·˸طݲݳ˵㶫㵹ͷ˯
ӽԭѧӰӾеͳ㣬Ѳʿ˵˵̸̸ģϢ
û뵽ǣϻŶ˯ˡҲ֪ԱûԱӽѾ˯ˡ
ʵҲõӽںʱǼլУ֮ʱӶ࣬Ȼˡ
֮һʼͱ˳ʵ۵Ĵȣסǡ˵ôլ˶Ҳˣȷʵһ̶ȵߡ
ӽһ´լлɲܵ͡ӣͲɱ͸֧Լ塣
һɶоൽһս£Ϊ˸ʱ䣬һҹӽеԲƣϾͳˡ
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˰ٴ˰һʵĵطذᶯӽ˯øһ㡣
ҹɫԽԽӽ˯㡣Ȼо𶯣һ飬˹𣿲ǣǽ²׷ˡ
æܣ˶˯أûһ˷ֽ²Ѿ׷
ӽ󺰣²׷ˣ졭
үүһҡӽ壬˹
ӽ㶣ϸûκвٺԶߵС
ˣӽ΢еΣģӰʵ
˰ٴӽߣҡӽ
ʱӽֻǴӲشүģǳصٶȹ죬²ûôϹġ
ţҶϢɡӽԼԴʹȻ˵
֪ӦԼһֱŽ²׷飬˼ҹΡ
ӽȥԼһȽʵĵط϶·֮Ķţ֪Ӧǹ˰ٴ˸̵ġ
ûϾ˯Ÿղ飬ͺǰ
ȻӽҪе׵ĻԼһһףͲܵôˡ
뵽ԾλȥһҪñ̾зסܳɹڵλսĲӣҹЩ첿ӵİǷǳġ
ӽţĵսһᣬ̾뿴Ӱ
֪أӽֽ硣
ڶһ磬ɫеֵڵʿͰȫˡ
˶ץʱԶˮȻץʱ·Ҫӽ¬˵˶֪Լ
һʱ֣¾͵һϢ
˵ǵѼ̽аյ·̡Ϊսܲס˱Ϣӽͻȫֱ˴Ϣ
ʱӽûΪٽѼ̽顣ʱ飬ǡǡǺܽš
ʱ̹һ񣬵ǰϦ
ǵƨɺ׷ĵͳʾܷסçŶ̩ľӡһûסĻԼ֧ƣؾһͷײçŶ̩ĴԼС˵еǣǹ⻷ҲǱβˡ
еʱ㵣ʲôͻʲô
ӽôʱ򣬴Ѽ̽ĹٵϺȻԽԽ죬Ϊ١


620 ʤع
ֹӽˣҲˡзӦȽϳٶ۵е棬ЩȽеʼ
ϢƬֲ󣬶Ҿڹٵߡ֧Ļһᷢ
ǲܵģûʱ䣬սûлָӲܵĻܸ·͵òˡ
ȻܣǾս
ӽϴ¾еݷǹΧ䱸ڱԼ׼֧Ԯ
ʱ򣬻ǹֵһôֳˡǻǹۣȴֻ趯֣װµҩۿ۰ЩҪĻܺݺݵɱС
ЩʹˣȴΪ·ͬľ޴ЩĵˣսٸߣҲҪɳ
ˣʱĵֻǸ¾֣䵱ɫѡ
˰ٴҲǽţӽ׼һǿмӽܡΣһҪ֤ӽİȫǵְ
ӽ˸λԶ۲ķڰǧҪçŶ̩ľӡ
ӽԼеĵģ֮ǰʱԼһտʼµ꾹ȻͲˡ
ʵСʱڱˮ٣ƣѲһֻ˼ꡣҲûУһֺȻ
ȻӽºʱȴޱҪԼʲôı伴ѡԼ
ԽԽ죬֧ڴԶ¶صݡ
ӽһȻ
ǹ˰ٴȴӽһΪçŶ̩ľӡ
Сܽôˣȥɨȥӽһ±úܺãȻЦ
ʱ¬ҲͨԶˡҲ˿ӽĻЦŵү¹һ⻰ɣ
ӽЦЦ˲ŵ˵˵ѣ㻹ܵ氡
ʿλ߳ЦſЦ֪ǵˣҲġ
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ܱվӣȻشӽĻү·ֻСɵɱѣѵѼ̽ߣһаáĩĲºүةǰӦ
ӽŲܱԣ΢΢ͷԼûӦȴԼˡҪ²׷ĻҲǺΣյġˣΪ˽ӦԼ֧ӡܱǸе֮ˣ
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˺ôֱ׵˵ɵЦˡ
¬ȴǵһ£ʱӽʻˣֻô
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ǻ˭ܺ˺͵Ѳô⡣ӽ¬ûзԸȴ㹻Ĵֻںš
˫ô˺һᣬ˽ˡ
ʱ򣬹˰ٴ廰ˣүʱˣóˡ
һֱĽ²׷սе㻺ӣ͸Ͻӽ
ãǾ߰ɡӽҲдʱ򣬽²¾ǸӡҪ׷Ļ϶֮ǰıҪۺ񣬲ķǲǸ׷һҪ²׷ˣĽͻᱯ硣
³ΪѾӦʿǵʿȽϸߣҲܺá
ӽִһȥʿ䲻ϧƥֻҪܰȫѼ̽ߣܰȫߣʤ
֮Է¹һʼһݾ޴Σմڣ֪ʲôʱͻ֡
ǣȫֿʼƴ·ĳ̡
֮ʱڵѼ̽ߡѼ߽̽ӦĴӣ˶˻
ûгֽ²׷ҲûçŶ̩ľӡһж˺£ʤ
γ˽²αڽ²ĸݺ۳ң²ɪɪǺεȵ磡
ƽΪԲʤ˾š
ǰʱǱ²ѹŴһ²Һƴȴ˹
й硢üʱˣö˶ϲۣȴһĽ
ԷˡʤĿںţ˾޴ʤʿԼн죬ӽ¬ˣúеĽ˳
ֻǿЩսսʤյ㣬ȴˣҲ


621 
ȫϴʱķ׵һΣ˶ף϶ǽ²׷֪ǰ֮ǰܱԾӷɱȡ
ˮϽѴ밶ߣԶܵΣաеʿŰϣ׷ĳ֡
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ǸͲҪɳ̽Ϊǵʵ̫ˣҲܳűθ
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߾һЩ֮ЯлĽ²ͿʼͼȼĴӡ
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øԼףߵȻ͡һ֮£ŭ쳣ȴκβڱŭıԵ䲻ţùʹкӡ
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Ȼ²Ǿ֯мɣ£Ҳʼˣ׷Ŷܣ뿪ߡ
ӽɵϧϧսҲûжĵط԰ڷŻ䣬²͸ÿˡ
ӽڿսڲԶɽİɽҲڿߵ˾һūöʡ
е֣ϴ֮Ϊʲô뿪Ǻ裬һЩùǻвʵ̫٣ľ΢һϾͲΣա
öʲΪ̰ͼܵɱʿĹͣʢǹˣ۽Ӧûߵö˲Ŷԡ
˵Ϳˣʱ򿴵òǲķҲٻӰ졣
öüͷڸʲô飬Բϳ
ʱ̽棬˵дζȥµĺۼ
öǸϸˣǰøִ˿ɱȡϱ׹⴬˷¾ΪڻζȥĴӡʲôӣܺò£Ȼǰĺū
μ׷


622 ȫ
²˶ڣ˼ʲô˲һѣ·յظ·
֮ǰ׷¾ʱҲôɵġҲΪˣȻ¾˽ѿǣ죬ȴ㱻׷ϡ
ӽڴϿϵĽ²Żζȥ֪ԼͼѾ²ˡ
ҲûϵѾϵˡ㽨²ŻоҲûаʱ졣
ӽе㵣ģ֪εΡ
ӽҲζȥһ⣬ҲܿЩʲô
ӽܿյһõϢӵϢܵӽ˵ǻҩѲ㣬û֧һսˡ
ҩɶϾôģѾõĲˡȻڹʢʱҲзһЩҩ¾ԼĻҩʵǲ̫࣬Щҩͱӽ˶ûá
ʵҲõһĻҩϸİѿءƾ²ԼߵһЩûĹȵġ
һһ׶ΣֻҪԼũһսʤ塣ڵʱ˿ܲӽ֪
ҲˣӽҪ̾ṩҩʱ򣬶ǰϸı׼ִС¾Ļǿ󣬳ӽʹõõ֮⣬䱾ҲǺҪһ档
ڻ㱨ϢУһǺܺõϢǴζȥʿǶиƣϲɿƵϯˡ󲿷ʿ䣬ʱǵͷ˯ǴջǼװϣʿ䡣
ӽ̾˿֪ȷʵˡɶʤΪ͵ϮĹͣס
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ӽվͷŰϳĻŴʵôʿ䣬ôĽ죬ҪӳʵЩ²ôܻΪɶ
ԼԽһҪںģ󲿷˵棬ǵ۹ⶼͶⲿ
ڴǸ򣬶㹻ȥȡֻʱ˲֪ֻԺԼס
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飬һҪãǿʢĵһ߳ˡ
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ӽţȻеͷۣеģִ˴Դ˶
үôˣ˰ٴ¬ע⵽ӽĶͬʱĵʵ
ӽͷҲǿЦŵû£Щѡ
үҪȥϢһ°ɣ档˰ٴе㵣ĵ˵ڰʱ򣬾ͷ˺е㲻Ծ
ӽҡҡͷû£ȿ˵ɡ
֣˾Ͳ˵ʲôֻһĬĬ
ӵĺٶȲ죬ΣŻڰ߸·Ľ²Ҫ㡣ӽس˽²ǰ棬ζȥ
Ȼϵ˿ǰѼ̽˹ȻҲǻ֮ģԽԽࡣ
ǰϵ˿Ѽ̽˳µĴӣŻ⡣
ӽϵҲŻѻӦһ£ȻζȥΪӽǣĵǸεЩ
ү²ǣҪֱˡ¬һЦ˵
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ûã²ǰҲ˰ϵĻ⣬ȻɽС
һѼ̽԰ĺڶߺʲô
²ľôˣӿٶζȥ
ӽȽ²ȷ˻δĺ񣬴ӻѵδѾˡ
ԭӽ촬ľôȰѺ˵԰ܿ²׷ˡ
Ȼв٣һ½ӵϸĴֻʵֻ̫࣬˵԰Ҳ軨Ѵʱ䡣
ҿ֯жӸͷʿ䣬ңû˻ࡣ
ӽͷ²ķ򣬴ӻϿ²ҲǷߵĶӿٶȸ
¾ʹֻصٶȣӿȥһ°
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޷ߣô죿ûˮ˿ι
ӽϵ䴬ӣѺ񶼰ʱ²Ÿϵֻиɵ۵ķݡ
ϵˣǺʿ䣬ǺǵسЦϵĽ²һӽ֮ǰǺĻ
ӽŰϸɵ۵Ľ²Ŵ˴ŻĺУﲻһɣǾȫ
һɣȻеͷ裬ȥ


623 
常常ˣ常ˡ
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ӽеʵŶ˯˺þˣ
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ԼȷʵˣȻ˯ôáӽţȻһ£æʵǱߵΣ
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ˣçŶ̩ҲϧçײԸעѶԸҲк³ġӽһ£ο¬
˶Ѿˣ¬ǲݶû취Ҳֻܽӽİοˡ
ˣүԭʹū֮ǰһˡγʹһֱźү뵱л˵үΧκԣó˿ຣ¬£ӽ
ӽԻǲϲ׵ģüͷ˻ᣬͷԸ˵ǷѣûӼҪлĻϷ鼴ɡ
ӽ˵ţҲƭԼȷʵеۣûлָ
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ֻ¬ϴӻͳһݺᣬӽүˡ
ӽɵЦˣûͦġ
ȹ˰ٴ֮ӽֶ¬˵岻ãͲȥεˡ̨Ҹ߽ʿǣǵĽһֶǣǷĺˡ
үģЩκүˡ¬ЦŻش
ӽһֱǵûҪ˵ʲô飬벻ֱʱźȻæ¬²γ˴һҪǷˡҪʱ򣬾Ͱ֮ǰ鶨ķ죬͢Ǳң㲻õġ
ǣү¬мرȭӦ
ӽĵ죬¾սƷѺŷ²ؾ
ӵеˣܾ񣬲ܺ˻ǳˣĿʹԶȥһֱʡ
ݵĿ촬һ˵¾ʱܵҵĻӭ
ʱӽȻһĲݣ߶ˡڴͷӭӵȺУȻд֮ˣɵе㾪ǳλ·˵أҲˣ
ϵĻ𲻳ӽҲô˳һ˵ѣ⡣˭˴Ȼ֪ˡ
ӽ˴۹ԱһȺӭˡ
¹ٱ׷ּ⣬ǰӭ˺ؾ
ӽý˺Ѿ˭ˣǷּæ˵ѽôͷôԶأҲǵģô¡ظ
ӭӽһˣҪͨ˸ô˵Ļ治˹ƻϱӽ˵⻰Ǿ͵ûˡ
ϵ֪˺Ϊͳɼش˺һ˵һָŲԶһɫ󳵵
ֵӽˣʵôԼ˼޵ġ
ҺεºܣȻܴ˶ͣҵҵӽæƴǵ
⣬ȻʵǺģ⳵ζġ
˭֪ȴɫضӽ˵˺ҪǫˣĹ㹻󣬻ϲŻ㣡
ӽһãȻӣ׾˵˺˷Ĺͣô˽²Ŀܡ˺˵ƽɣû˻᲻šңƽϢ⣬˭᲻أ˺˵˴εĹǲǺܴ󣿡
Ȼǲ֪²նȡ˴ĽɽһֱƽϢԽԽء²ڣʹ¾ʦ͢Ϊ͸Խȴκβý²
֮ǰҲй²ʤʤӰܺαȡʷϵʱ򣬽ҲԱηͻϮսӶ˱ΡҪ˵εĹôȻҲǲܵġֻΪ˶ǣӶѻʵۺ䶼ˡ
˺ͻϮսҲƣֻǶԷūսǵα˺һˡ
д˳ɼҲŻдһ˵


624 ѫ
ӽȴûбʤͷԣ˵ǳǾȥġ
û취ֻҪӽˡûʥУεӡģӽǫ顢ϵߵ͡˺Ͳȴִ֪磬ܲ˴Ĵָ
¾ﾩʦʱڸ׸ٹٳʦӭӣȻʢ׷ʽ
¾Ĵ˴ʤԾʦ˵úͻȻشʤеİնռӭ˳㿴ūӳʲôģ
еΪܿһۣȸ߼۾ٽֵĺλáЩûǮֻðҹȥ·ռλãҲ˶Ϊռλ֮¶ܵ¼
ЩϣȴѪ顣֪ʲôʺʲôӵĳô󣬾;Բ˴ˣؼҺ󻹲֪ܲܳ·Ǹ⡣
Щԭŵˣһ¾ԼλʲôʺӵĶҪƯˡҲΪˣʦܶԭ޹ϵõİռңһ±úг
󲿷־ʦն¾Ͷֵͣ¾ʿľ˲Թ۵ŮΪԺ󻰾ıдṩ˷ḻѡ
һЩй¾ȴͨϰյĹע㲻һע⵽¾ûжʧȴȡشʤ¾֮
Ժ󣬾ʦİû˭Ϊ²սʤû˭Ϊ²֮ҲƽϢû˭ôıӭƽӡ
ʵ׷ʽڻʼʽӼӽչ̡
ڼ䣬ûһǣö˶̵Ҳĵȥ¡ؾصվţ˵ʱ˵˵ʱս͡
ЩԴڶ²սµĲʤʵ۵ԽԽߡȻûֱҪҪǣеȴóù
Щ仯ʵۿȻǰʱûһʵۻ˴ܹġ˭Ĺټǿأóʵ۰Ը쳣
ȵĻڿСʱ򣬳ʵ۾Ͱĵϲö˳ǣӽֽ˵̰ñ
һаٺˣʵ۲Լ϶ӽ˵ʦ޶û˵㣬㲻Ҫðգ㻹ȥ޺ǵġ
ӽʵݹ˵üɫ裬ϲ֮ɫȴôزסġ״̬˵ĻԼһ㶼оԹ˼ڡ
л¹ģսݼţ˳ͷһȣȥˡӽվЦŴ
ʵһæ˵ʦϽţ𻰡
ȻѾһӣ̼Ǵģӽָ죬Ͼһ۾Ϳ
ӽ֮󣬳ʵ۲˵ʦ˴սµʹͣڸ顣н㿴Ҫǲ⻹ٸġ
ڸ׸ʾӽһ࣬ҲЦŶӽ˺ڳ͢Ĺԣһжᰴճ͢аֿ˿Ƿ
ϻӽ˴δĽ鱦ѾǸ˵ĿҪǳ͢ĵĻǾ˵ȥˡ
ӽʱ·ϣйǣʱ鵽ʹ͵£ȳһЦȻתʵ۵£йش£һ顣
Ŷʦʲô龡˵ʵ˵
˽ӽģ֪˻϶ΪԼַͣʲôӡ
£˴սµĽʿ䷢ѫ£ĲֱͬڽͭȲͬ͵ѫ¡ӽ뷨˵˳
ʵûףʵ£
ӽ֪Ҫѿ࣬شһͭǮСؿڡ
ӽ˵ѫ£˵ʵҲǱȽϤģ൱ڵȯһ֡
ʼüΪȯһǰ˴󳼡ѫ׵ȴġ
ӽ˵֮ǲ˵ѫֻһԱòսµĽʿͬǣǣһսиõЧ
ڳ͢˵Ҫ٣ȴջģʵһܻ顣
˵ĵȯӽ˵ѫߵȼĴڡȻǰһֻ˴󳼡ѫ׵ȴһȵѫ£Ըвشս£нܳ׵ˡ
ԽԽѧʲ٣ôҲв٣ʵ۽£Ϊ˺˷׵ڸһ׾Ȼ¡
һֱû˵ֱʱҲ顣
ͬʱţ˺飬ڸ׸ͬ⣬ʵĶô౳飬˭Ҫ˭⡣
ãȥٰ°ɣʲô׵Ŀѯʦʵ۵İӦ
˵֮Цӽ˷ʦ֮
ʵһʶõľǺõġ
ҲˣӽһЩ飬Ʒ˼ȴҲܱʵۺԥǱʶнܣӽĽ;ȥˡ


625 һս
ӽЦŵͷԼޱȻǲռá
Ҫ˵ӽޱڲ˭š
˳ʵۺʻһЦ֪ӽ˵ʲô֮⣬Ҳһӽļ˺档
ʦڵľôҪ޽ôڽ²ݺ۳ңҴģʵչ黹Ƕʮˣھ˵ݸо񫡣ܸоεսһ֣ͬʱֻһǳˬ顣
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£ÿղ͹£Ҳ£֪¿ɷóҲһҲЦǺǵشȤ
һǻᣬæ£Ҳսµľ徭ѧһѧ˺ı㡣
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˰ٴӵʥּǼĻڣĻʵۡ׸飬Ȼӽ˵
ʼеţ˵棬˵ˡ
˰ٴǸˣ֪ʱԼӡĺûᡣӣⳡԭ;մ̼ս½øʤ
ǵ۹ȨƵ⼸ˣĻֵĹỤ̊ýζֻӽˣĲɡһͷɵȥˣŲ֪ôˣ
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ȹ˰ٴ֮󣬳ʵЦŶӽʦô뵽ģȻūĵµһεī
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ӽе㲻˼ػشһдŻ̫ˡ
ӽ֪һѾǳ̫ˣһΡ˻̫Ѫε
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Ҳֵģӽ˵
ʱ򣬷ӽģԵڵļ˵ֻҪ¾㹻࣬սµȨǶڵĽ²˵ʮþȣ߰˳Ӧеġ
ʵȻûд֪ʶһġ֪ûаٷְٵ飬սʱĺܶء
ˣӽ˵߰˳ɰʱվӽʦܷսô
ǳʮˣת캮ضأ޷дԶսġ
ӽ£ͷشӾӪǧ¾еϱԴ̣ӦܺܿͳɾֻҪֵ̾ľеϣԴһ̡
ãʦܷĴ󵨵ȥʲô޶һṩϡʵһᶨ˵
ʱޱڴʦ˵һ̡


626 çŶ̩³
ӽ屾ûָãɫѽƻ裬ʵ۵Ըӽúڼ壬Ⱥ˺ȥæ¾¡
ȻˣʲôƷ֮ʹͣҽźЩͲ˵ˡ
ӽڱųҲƣϻԼ˺
˵ؼҺ˺εľϲٽ²
çŶ̩һӹѼ̽ڵǻļöʺͰøľӡ
һ󣬸ûԼûмʱס⣬Ƕڻ̫Ȼʧʢ֮£ŭ쳣
çŶ̩ĴƢˣʸϣ˼öʺͰøçŶ̩ҲΣȴջǲҵ˵
çŶ̩Ҳ߶ʮһֱɳۻʢҪû̫ѡ
ʢ֮ʱȻԼĸȥ¥գټһոֻƽʱСϺֻ
תߣǰȥʹһ̫
çŶ̩ڶȥֱ̫ǰץסʻ̫䡣
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ǣʱסˡֻͷף㲣Ҳٳ֮Ϊ֣ȫçŶ̩ӡеǸ̫
ǻ̫çŶ̩Կ϶
磬ˡ̫һҲһ£һֵһ䡣
һçŶ̩Ҳعˡϻָʱıŭֻ̫ŭȵǸʲôԵģôʢ类ɱһСҲˣһҪ𡣡
̫ɫȴԾǸӣ˵ĻȴçŶ̩ŭ⻹㣡رפ
Ϊ˵ؾܻصģʳЩҪȥ˻أçŶ̩ǰ˼ʵ
ڵˣûһ˵һ߿λǵֵڵĶˡ
ʳأ̫çŶ̩ʼ
çŶ̩һϴе˵˻ؾ˻أȥǳʵĵ·ڳʲôˣ˵ûô
ǲ֪Լ˹ʺˣһӻҪٽ۽ӻصĽ֡
̫ˣñ䣬ޱصһûзסûнסִʣҪܣʢᶪʧӵˣ
çŶ̩ôŭ뷴Լȷʵû̫˵㡣ָоԣӦԼβŶԡ
ֱʺȴĸоһ֮±űԣˮ粻ӮǾʹһܡ
һץס䵶ˢһ°˳һ²ˣЩµĽ²һҪУ׷ŵɫҰףҪƴǰô
һಡһ̫ǰҲε࿹̫Ҳ׷׳鵶çŶ̩Χס
ǻ̫ĵ̣çŶ̩ڽʱǰûһġôһԵƹʵçŶ̩ԭҲû뵽аεʱ򣬷Լһ˽
ڻųһţΨһһ㶼ţǻ̫ˡ
ʱվָçŶ̩ʧʢǰУͼӺޡҪǷŹ㣬ݡ£
̫Ҳūţֻ̫һ˵ġһǲŲçŶ̩ĺ˶ݣֱӾΧȥҪçŶ̩
çŶ̩û뵽̫Ȼһ߷һߴ֪Ҳģʲôڣӻ㲻ɡ
û˵꣬еĵͱݿķɣȻһߵڵء⼸ǰסçŶ̩˫֡
ڳˣûһǰȰ裬ֻǾؿš
һçŶ̩ûȣҲ»̫ҲܴӲ淴ӦçŶ̩ƽʱ˼ʹϵʵǲС
̫çŶ̩Լѹڵϣתͷʵڵ˵çŶ̩Уõ
ɶʧʢгĳû
һɴԲ֮˷Ŀ

̫ûһçŶ̩飬һЦçŶֵ̩ܣ⣬ӡȦκ˽Ӵ
çŶ̩ˣ̧ͷ̫ȴѹá֪ԼⱲˣͷڵϴ
çŶ̩ܿѺ··ʱܵġɱһ
ȻǺ󻰣çŶ̩Ѻ󣬳ڻָ򣬼֮ǰĻ顣
̫ûзçŶ̩飬һ㶼ûӰ졣ɨһˣȻ󻺻˵˴Ҵܴ裬ޱذٱ׷ֻǰԸȥ֣˴һŹ
Ӣһƨ
ãֻ϶֮ʱ㼯ϴ̫


627 귢׷
̫ԭվǣ´Ŀ֮󣬱˼Ȼָźǽǿ֪Ϊʲôֲô
ǽдġһΡֱǴ˺͵Ѳ⡣пܵʱı֣˹Եúۡ
ڵڶūǽϵ֣û˵ȥ鷨Ժݺݵرһ˺ּ
֮ı֣Ϊû̫Ūס֮ǰһУΪ̫Ҫĸˡ֪֮˭˵ġ
ֻû˵Ϊ֪̫Ҫ˿жԤ˺ܶʩû㹻ʵܶԸ̫֮ǰǲû̫֪Լе⡣
ڻ̫鲻ãͺáҲϵ˻ֵ̫⣬ȴ̫֮ͬġ
Ȼ̫˵֣֮ÿʱȿЩ֡Ǵĳ裬ʱޣҪҲǵãҪô
ס˲ôģʱǳϻ̫صصͷش
̫Ȼָ֣طĵҴֶһޣһ죬ҪץЩǵĶȥ׼ЩǺˣ
𣬱𡭡˴˷ĺ
̫֣תӣǺһ󣬲ֹ˵ǰ֮սҴмû㣬޾Ҫһ¡
û˵Ȼǻ̫ڳϷһ޾ټԼ֮̿˵֮·
̫ʹ˼ʹ󣬲ԼĻӣҲڳսԸǰ˵áҪǾˣ˵֧Ӫˡ
ʱѴӱץЩеõһЩϢֵ֪֧ľʵӪ
ĵ׻ǷǳҵģûԼʦ֮ǰĸıࡣ֮У˵Ҫܶء
Ȼˣ̫Ͳ֪Ǹʱûв齨Ļӡ
¾齨ǰǾʦڸ󣬳˰˴̵ļǮóԭоӪ滻Ϊгľ񡣵ȻؼǸӽ㹻ʱ䡣
̫֮ԭ
һǻرǻڣǸ¸û֣ⷽԺҲӮ
ʢӪһˣΨһʣûҲ˻רעڴרҰսơ
̫˵֮󣬼û˷ԣ߽Լ֮ǰľ֪ӦǸղŴçŶ̩ڣŵˡ
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̶һ겻ʱڣΪЧĺˣΪܻɱûһ³
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һһƬϾˣСĺ˶ն졣
ֻԻ̫˵󺹣ƾʲôñѧŮ棬رЩҪǺͳƽʱһóܸеġ
١һͷٴڸС
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ɨڵڵˣûҵ־ͬߣڱǡе޺޵ȥȻڱЩһе
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ǻɴֱ࣬ѧȺѺɱˣ͵ˣûվλϱԼ뷨


628 ǡĸú̩
١ԾԼĲ쬵أ˼²ӣͲʯͷ죬ȥˡ
˭Ҳûֻ̫ҡҡͷԶ˵Ѻ˶ɱˣ˭ΪЩصĻԼɻɹɣ
ˣƿԣֻóĬԶԡ
ˣҪֱˣһһŴ𣬻ĶضԴ𡣡̫ܽһ䣬Ȼϸ˵귢׷жЩرáǴΪģвмڴΪ顣ֻƣòͷǺŮһǱڣΪܴ裬һ˵ĵߡ
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󺹵Ӻã֪Щ˵ĹͷӲзģЩҳʣµľǺҴͬĵˡö˻̫⣬̬޳ɵ
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̫һ²ż˷ִУ֮ͭǮСɱ⡣˾ٲɱЩǱͶ֮ˣܽʡʳ
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ʷϣ̫ҲôһֱƹͶҪ귢׷ԸɱԴҳ϶ȡ
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ȵȶ֮󣬶ˡ귢׷Ӷӿֳ˺ܶ࿹¼ն²ɱ
ֽܼͳΣ⡰귢׷˺ܴá
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ôһǮӲԸ˺ܶࡣǰĲҶԼѾƲˣںȵöЩʿƳ衣ǰǾΰͣҲãõöǰ׵һľΡˣԼ˵Ҳϡˡ
ı仯кܶܶࡣȻ֮ʻǺһҲ⣬Ͼʲôԭϡ
Щı䣬ʹԼһߡһ߳ȥκˣԼǼֵܣԼء
ľ뵽һоƣظоΪϲ
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һľеŭ˵ǣ֪ΪʲôëƤǳֻҪԼëƤܶٶա
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뵽ľҲסˡŰ׻Ӳ׬Ȼӡ
ľӴ˽˵ĮһˣǱ߲ëƤȱػﶼ
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ӽķлΨбԿЦǸǹڲܵԷַ⣬ʵԼĹϵ󣬷󲿷ֹӦù鹦˺
ˣǴæˣҾͲˡӽﵽĿģվԷ˵
˿˺ҪߣͲá֪˺⡣
Ҳ˵ʲôûû£˺֮Ŀ׻ֱӾ˵үۼһæأۼһͲүʱˡү룡
ӽ֮߳̾󣬷Ȼѹ˰ٴеߵڳ֮£ҾͲԹȥˡȥ֪ͨǣǿôܾɢܵ⡣
ڳûлҪܼ𲢲ߡӽ࣬ͲԼȥˡ
ǣү˰ٴȭӦһһ뿪ˡ
ߣȥоԺӽȹ˰ٴһߣһ˵һߴС
ǳʵ۰ŵģΪӽԺöࣻҸо඼ĳģܶණΣҪרҵʿ
ʦгоѾ̫࣬רų˸оܲʼоԺео΢ӦǸ
һ˵˺ˣӦæһӭ˳
ⲻǶϹٵأһԭӽӦǵĹˡûӽûӦǵĽ졣˲빫˽ô
˺Ȼ˴󹦣ȴǰһûһӣЦǺǵؽоԺš
΢ʲôɹûУԴӦǷ΢ʵ۷Ϊ΢֮ӽԼĶȤζӦǵĳƺͱˡ
Ϊ˺ǳƺӦǵľλֻӽԼ֪Ϊ˻һºеԵӰɡ
ү뿴ʲô¹ٸܡӦ΢ЦŻش
ӽһͣס˽ŲתͷӦǵô˲ٳɹ
ֻöѣҪүָСӦǫص
ӽһºгɹð΢һ룬ǰҪĻũҵӦǵũҵоʲôջûУ
ӦһָұһȽϴķӵүߣũҵо͹Ķ
Ŷߣȥӽһ´ϴǼȥ
һƿӳһƬ졣
ӽһϲ߹ȥ𼸸ŵһûŵζˣ
ӽĻоԺڵļˣӽϲ飬Ҳһֺš
ӽתͷվϵӦǵô
Ӧ΢˻ᣬΪǳΪղ˺ĳƺһʱ֪ôƺˡ
ӦǱ˾شӽүĲǲСࡣ¹پÿʮʡ֣ûġ
ӽںʱ޽ɣԡԴӵ˴֮ĲһֱûϡڸմӷǱ֮߳ʱ΢²һˮͿˡ
ܺãĥۺ󣬿ɻѧŶɶѧܣ˵Ҫһȥ顣Щԣơ
ӽһͨ˵ȻҴװһ롣
ʵ˵ôֱ࣬ߣҲû˻˵ʲôʵ۸ӽƽ˵ͨɣܲǿôöҪҸɡ
ӽתͷܿ£ȻӦǵެأެΣ


635 ũҵоְܵĸı
Ӧһߵ΢һطһϵľ壬Ȼӽ˵үջެˡũҵоݺүָ㣬ѳϰԣһ꣬и
ӽӦ˵ʱ򣬾߹ȥˡެǳߣһؽެеʧެĲûôࡣ
ӽûбֳֻǶӦǵެϵҴ֮ãһҪоȡĲ
ǣү¹һȫԸӦվصͷӦ
Ӧһһ߼λвٹעؽެǰ¸ľ塣
ӽվǣĹˣϣܿһЩرĶûз֡
Ӧһ³ӽ˼һߵһӣһһ˵үһɵط͵ũҵоġ
ӽе棬߹ȥһԾصף
ӦЦŵүüʶףΪоûչ֡ݵط˵Ҫůꡣôڶ̣֮⣬Ҳʳýʡ
Сʱڣ¶ȱʱҪͣұɺ
ӽüͷӦô˵ûĿǰĸɺƹ㲻ˡ
ǵúʱȫެ׶ɹġӽСʱһӡ󣬾׺
ооĻůĵطƹֲӽûа취Ψ˽
ǣүӦǵͷӦ
ެԶȵζƷҪҪö࣬ƫƫҪĲﲻԤҪӽеʧ
Ӧǣһ˿ϣʵطϻʲôرô
УһެֻǴжԣźӦһ˵һһľȥ
ӽһе棬ެʲô
Ӧ֮ʱӽѿ첽ߵߣϸƹȥ
ӽһʧ
Ӧһ˵үʶ
ȻǺöôжأӽȻ˵
ҪǺ˲֪Ǽ˼顣ӽҲԼеôأ
ӦǲǺ֪飬ûشӽ⣬ֻöӽ¹ҲǺطϵô˵ġҪ¹оһô£
̬ͼӽһԴȻص֪ˣ϶ǳ˳ѿ
ֻҪ΢ע⣬žһʱ󣬱Ƥ࣬ȻѿʱʹԡȻⶾԲǺҪȻù
Ӧӽһͣϲصү˼ֻҪѿû£
ӽûеͷһ±ú࣬תĵе㲻ȷûѿȥүҽҪٳ˿ţԶһ£
ӦǿʼӽɫˣΪԼû¶˺˼žӽⷬɵЦүῪЦ
үȻ֮ǰΪжǷطƹˣӦϵӽ
Ȼѵ㻹Ըųԣ˵ȷʵӪĺö
ӽĻУʵĴʻ㡣ӦòǺףⲻ˺˼Ƕ϶Ĵ𸴡
ˣ㹻֮⣬ĶʰãȥƼ£ֳܼԷлϴͷʱЩƹȾͻߡҺô٣
ӽ˵˵ţȻһ⡣Ӧ۾Լͽ͵ûбȻϸЩԣиǿĹЧӦˣ˵Щ塢̻ȥֻ֡Ҫֲ˸ֲ࣬ĵ㣬Խҵѵֲ
Ӧͷү˵ɶɶʲô˺үжиõ⣡
ӽȻ֪ӦڰԿܽũҵⶫɾʦũҵоܸϢȻɸغáϾȵҪ󶼲һ
ǣǣǣͰү˵ӦӦ
⡣ӽ˵ʱ˺Ȼ뵽ؼǣҪʱƹ㿪С
˳ʵˣͼشٽƹĽ̡
ʷϣЩũĩʱѴֻǴ󲿷ִԷֲ״̬
˵ʱڣű鼰ȫǸʱΪսΪɱ˿ڴ٣ȫʲôǬʢ˸еϧĩƹ㿪Щ˵Ͳĩˣ
Ϊķֺƹ㷽뷨ӽһº˺ܶ࣬ԳũҵоĳɹҲе⡣
һӦǵߣһӦǵоʲôĳɹô
Ӧһߣһ߻شаɣү˵Ǹˡ
ӽһһץסӦǵļ򣬾ϲʵģ
û뵽Ȼôˣ


636 оѡ
Ӧһ˺Ȼô֪Լ˵òˡ
ǣӦæ͵ү¹û˵ԭͣãвٹؼ㶼ҪĽ
ӽˣ˳ִӦǵļ˵أҪô٣ҶΪҪأ
еܹɽҪڶ̶̵ʱһ̨õӽǲôŵģ
ߣȥԭͻҲáӽҪ
ӦǸܵӽĿаԼҪע㣬ȻشӽүӴҲֻһ̨ͰڶоڳĽС
ãǾȥоӽϾͷԸ
о֣ӽȡġĿоֻȼĿƼŬоƼÿһ췭ظӰ죬Աרųһ顣
оʼоԺԶӦǾ;߲ȥʽˣӽһˣܿ˶о
˵Ժ˺صԱӭӡ
ӽʽȤֱӷԸӦȥι
⶯оռزСҪо֮⣬רľԱʱܴӦ
ӽӦǵĴ£һ󷿼ڡһţͿ˷аһ̨޴Ļ
ӽԭͣΧ
ס¯Щӽһ۾ܿˡǣȻ˺ͷֻ֣ҪתĻԲ˶
ӽܾ棬޵Ȼָ˺ͷֵ˭ģ
ӦһйһǳСӣȻӽܵүġ
ӽһǳȣôܸôô
ʲôϣôģӽžȵʵ
ӽǰ󷽣ûһ˿Сӽʹݵػصѧǣ֮ͩˡⶫѣԼĥ
Ӧһ߼ӽһȣЦŽܵү֮游ѧͨҽѧѧҶӰټڻͨԳϵ游䣬δ䣻游Ӧͨ壻׷מݣκѲÿ˶Ϊ
ǽ󣬺ܿ˽˾ʦоպȤĶоˣȥӦԣѧʶõʱӦԵӦǴϲ
Ӧе㵣ģΪǼǹٻң˲ͬо
˵˺öɣ֤û⡣ӦǾͱż񵽱̬ʱˡ
ҲܿͳΪ˶ооľԺģԭ͵Ĵ졣
Ӧڽе㲻˼Ӧ˵֮͵ͼ޹أҪʦһСѧвݶѧоа
ʷϣⱾӰܴдˡСʶΪоѧĴ
ӽһʵʦдˡѧʲô֣ô
˺ԼʦǺǸˣæشѧʦֻ䣬ۣϪˡ
ӽˣתҼ£ͷʥʱǵң˲ſɲ˷ˡ
һϲȻɫһӽ˵үʦ϶ಡˡ
ӽһͦźġּе˸еӣתƻ˵˵̨ڻЩȱ㣿
һʵ֮˾ӽ㱨үһҪ©ɢҲһС⡣
һָӴһ˵⻹ү뿴׺ƶҪȴףûơôһΪһ䣬ƶҪȺþãЧʷǳ֮͡
˵̲ס˴ֵھͱ⼸סˣ취С
ӽ˲ûκβ¶΢ЦǵôʹԭͻѾˡڼȻܷ⣬ǾͲˡֻҪŬһؽĳɹָտɴˣ
˵ӦһۣȻջǵֻҪܽЩ⣬ʵõ㵣϶ܲˣ
ǼǹٻңҲû˵ùλӽȻܵõλüķǶе㼤ͬʱҲзһ˿ġ


637 ӡȹ˾
Ϊ֪һֱϣԼܿƾٳ߹·Լ˽оԱ·һзϣǷ˿ƾ١
֮ǰʱһֱĸ׻᲻ͬ⣬ʹԼòжݸȤ顣
ڲˣֻҪԼŬɹƳʵõôԼǼʷĵһþλ֮ˡǿƾٳˣϺѻõġţһٷԼѡ·ˡ
Ҳ˾ģһҪŬȡоʵõԼϼһˡ
ӽ˵ǲǴ󻰣ǴûΪʦô죬Ѿ˽ӽھʦ¼Ҳ֪˺ڻǰķοӦڡ
ӽӶо󣬾ֱȥ˻ʹ
Ҫҳʵ˵˵飬˳˵ȥĳŵʵ棬Աõʵ۵ı飬ֱӰ䲼Чá
ӽóʵٵһܹɽȥȺ˼壬ȡսʵԵǼ⡣
ӽѲӸоŬΪӲƸͬʱڶצ۵İʹάǣ˵ŴĲƸ
ӡȹ˾޵ܲڰʹάǡܶˣǵܶࡤ˵¶˹ѷʱڿй顣
˵Ǻӡȹ˾зǳشӰˣΪӡȹ˾ǳҪߡ
ȣ˱ӡǵĺϺڸõι̵ؾлأɴչ
ΣԴóΪóҪչһĵ˹塢ӡȺȺձ
ÿֻֻؾѡƷ;ŷޣԼɱ
ߣΪҵ۹ȷһܵģʽҼչ˺ڶΧ
ʱոսӵϢ˵ɳʹǰŷޡŷޱĹҵϢϲȴ෴ŵüͷܿ
ԭһֱ׷󻯡󻯵һõֶΣ¢ϡ
Ϊ㣬˵伫Լͬ顣
Ӿһӡȹ˾̨ĵܶ˵áūȣΪڱֱ¼кձ˷ºձóжϡ
Ϊ¿չձóףһɺ˹˹̨ܶأ̶ͽ̣Դֺձؿó
ԭʷϣһ껹ūɵձձ˹ѺȻūȱڹ˼󱻺أĶȴձ˵ļС
ɴ˿ɼΪ׷󻯣ѵħϵĵز
֮ǰʱΪ¢ϺóϧвҪҪȹףֻǺ˽סϧûӦʱûӮֻռ̨塣
ǰ˹´⣬Ϊ˵֮ʱĶǶ㱻
˹ţѾˡƾźȽĴĿսҪȡʤӦǼ׵顣
ǱȽϽģϾǸӴĵ۹ٵȵȣһЩٶȥвԻöó¢Ȩ
ȻɳʹǰŷޣŻŷĹϵһؼǿʹߺŷ޸ʲôЭĻԼﵽ¢ϵĿľ͸Ϊˡ
ûʹŸɵʹֺͽ̻ᳶһԼҪʹŵĻȻҪѽ̻ĴֻҲһˣȥ顣
ˣȥֻгʹŴŷ޷֮ǰԼȺЭ飬췹ʹŴŷ޴ЭҲЧˡ
ôһһսڱˣһҪڶʱȡʤС
۹ʵ̫ӴˣɹȥıˣȡʤѶȾͻ
ڶӡȹ˾ڶһʮսűӡǺϺ񣬲ܶɳȥ
˹ĽĺﵽĿġһ£ⲻ
һ죬վҧɳʮս˴ǰȥҪв¢Э飬˳ŰձҲһвˡ
֣ձˣòСձôˣȴ¿ͨóҪӲãһС
ΪһȨ˹һֶΣԴﵽĿġ
ӽȶ£ԭҪһųս£ǰˡԭʷϣһɳսʮڷһ࣬һɳʮս
һϵΣʼĶغΣĿǰû֪


638 ǯ
һعȥĶҲرӽһľת˰ϡ
ѾڶﲻʵˣĶӦðӽϲ
Ｘоĸ˶ΧŰתĸףΪסýҲʱ
ϳʵ̫ҽԺõҽÿһʱһ͸ܰġ˰Ȼǵһλ̥ȴûһҵ
ΣŮ˵һӣҪĵһŹءӽŰӵı󣬾Ϳʼ顣
˵˳ãҪпܣӽǷǳϣʱʸļҲѣʸĳҪʮ;ʮһȻǲܵ顣
ӽںıȽ϶࣬һпһĸߡ
죬ҽռ갢̥ӽϲ˵һа֮ӽҽ˳ҽһ̥ѲĻ㿴ܲһֹ̥߰
ҽһһʱûӽĻظȷϵү˵̥
ǰƻǯסӤͷӽԼֻ֪ôһûмĲǯʲôģֻôȷķʽ
ҽ˳˼һᣬȻӽ˵ү˵ⶫ¹ٲûм¹ٻȥĥһ£Ҫѡ
úúãǾ鷳ҽˣⶫҪĻҲܶһ㡣ӽһ˵
ǯⶫŷѾˣһֱڱڡǯķв˹ľЯǯܣõʱҲǲɢˣи۾ͬľҡνǯײ
ҽûӽУΪп·е˷ܡ
ҽӽһ£˵ү¹Ϊô󡣺үܷģ¹ڣȻĸƽ
ӽһҽôаգԾͬʱҲǴΪˡȤʵΪ˵ⶫô󣿡
漰ҽļ⣬Ҫӽӽ͵̥λûôǯģ¹ٿַ̥λ
ǯʲôʱϣӽ̲ס˺ҽĻʵ
ҽӽ˵ûиеְҵĽ͵ֻе̥ͷλиڸԭ޷ʱ¹پôʱϴҲǱģáĵַ⡣
Ǿ˵ǯûʲôôˣӽе㾪ȵʵ
ҽΪԼļ˺ӽ˵ҲǯһǵҲǣ¹˵Щֶβÿ˶еġ˺үĲٲ˵õġ¹ٻȥȻĥǯ
ӽ֪ںʱҽбµѾǳˣҲС
ΪѧⱾҪܶʵԼʦԴ̣ҪգǷǳ׵ġ
ΪʸɹʵߣԺܶҽԸٵգƼиʸֶиʵ˺ȽϴķֶΡ
ôһкҽּҽںͱøΪëˡ
ӽҽһֵǾͷҽˣ
үȻҲٴѶȣһ顣¹ٵմ˺үĹ⣬˵ûᱻոмҽЦŻص
Լ˵˵ѣҽȥǺҽĹ͡ӽûһѴ˷ΪУҽҪ֮뷨
ӽͿذѺҽͳ˸ţźҽ߸˵ȥ
ҽҽḻӽֻ˵˸Ķûöʱ䣬ܿͰѲǯˡǸ̥Ĳͬ˶ֲǯࡣ
ϱ֮͢󣬳ʵּڴƹ㿪츣˰ա
ȻǺ󻰡˵ӽ˺ҽ󣬷صͥԺ᷿Ľѧãתȥơ
ӽԼѺþûйעǵѧϰˡ
᷿ڵһү׷ӽ
ӽ̨߽ǰںЦʵ壬ڽʲôˣ
ǺǣǶʱ䣬ڸǶֽںЦŴ
ֽӽģΪôĺô١
Ŷһ¡ӽȤص
ӽͣںҲͼ
ӽһᣬתͷ¡Ȼںϻмݱֽţ˳˹Լһ߷
ԭ鲻ЦݵطűֽȻӽɫͱűֽںЩֽģ
Ǵӽġںʵʵ˵
ӽͷűֽ᷿ԺĻߣ


639 Ϲֽܱ
ʵ۵ϽǴԶΪӽŵģֻҪһͨ˺ʵۻͣе飬ӽ
Ҳ⣬ӽܿĻ˳ʵۡ
ӽһߵڸ׸ʵͷʾ£Ȼ˵µĳʵ۵ԸҷһЩ¡
ŶǺζʵеʵӽԼȻⶫӦǱȽرġ
ӽгŵıֽ˫ֳϵڽ˼ݱֽǳ͢ùеġؼǣⱨֽϲûг͢䷢Ŀš
һߵһӽĶȥӹǾֽתǰ
Ŷʦ˼ǣʵû뵽Ǳֽеֵӽ
ӽüͷ΢΢һ壬оʵۺûжԴ˲СתͷվһߵʣϺҲеС˼
ǣӽ֣ص˵£֪⼸ݷǷıֻֽھʦ滹˵ҲѧȫУȫеĻ¾ˣ
ʵӽ˵ôأ͵ͷֽ鿴ʲôݡ
һΪֱֽӽ˺Ǳֽз̰֮٣
ӽתͷʣҡҡͷشûС
ˣҡҡͷû˵ʲô
ʵڷֽʱӽʵĶԻԻʱѾòˣֱӺϱֽȻ̧ͷӽʦȻ⼸ݱֽûʲô⣬Ϊ˴С֣
ϾʱֻҪֱʵۺʲӣҲǿġ
ӽǶ˲ΪȻɫٴ֣ص˵£ûУڽûСڱֽճʱ淶ԺϰЩֽҪ淶ˡ
˵ʳʵ۵֪Ƿǵãڽֽʱ˵ֽҪ볯ܵ͢飿
ӽôһ˵ʵ۾ˣ΢Цŵǵãʦ˵Ҫۣɣ
ǣӽ΢ߣȿ϶һ䣬Ȼ˵£ǧС˱ֽϾ䰸ǱЩԱôĿ²¼ҲǱֽô͢ĸߣҲɱֽ䴫˱ֽãԵġ
Ȼӽ˵ÿ˵㣬ǿֽȴûġ
ʵӽ˵ôأٵЩӣͲ΢Цˣ̬ȱӽʦΪ˵Եģ
ΪֽпܱΪĹߣӽĻشóʵۺ˶Ϊ֮һ
ӽ֮ǰʵۺʶ֪֮ܵ࣬Σǳ֮
£űơڳ磬ĸңΪɣжŽйƵġӽٴǿ
ʵ۵ͷ޵ҿʦѣܼʱ֣΢Ž
ףֻҪ͢뵳Ļڵľжãᱻƻ
ʵԭ뷨еĳʫ۵ȵȶ볯͢ܡҪʵʩĻ⵽Ұµķԡ˳û˵ֻ˵ѱֽϾⱨֽһʼôԵͱȽС
ӽĻóʵۺҪôȳ͢ϵĹԱƾͻᷴˡΪԱˣ˶гʫϲá
£ӽ˵˺ʵӦû˵ôءҪǱֽϳʲôףʱҲǿԵġ
ӽһҡҡͷУղű˵Ҫ΢ŽˣõӰѾγɡȥĻζѣõĴʩ
ʵͷӽǴ¸βΪã
ӽʱ·ϣѾϾͻشʵ۵ĵ㣬һе¸֮Ϊֽ
ڶ˵ֽʲôݣֻͨ󣬲ֽ
һֽ£֮ҪӦΣҴشǽǮϵģҲ̡
ģȫԵıֽɳ͢طԵıֽԽɵطˣ͢
ӽ˵ĵݣ˵ˣ˺᲻̫ܵˣ
ӽʣҡͷ´ˣϵףɵѡΪ벻ϣҪȡڶԱֽݵĹ磬ԶЩʱıֽϼӹ౨ֻֽСſԿѧԵıֽѧҽѧ֮ıֽͿԷſǶ෢˵ף۵򡣡
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ȻԺӱڳ֣Լˮʦ֣֥֮ͺܺýˡ
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641 ²
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643 ˳ֲ
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һУͷûǮİա˲ٷǮʱǸ߶ϢҲõĶԼʵû׬ǮĵطֻҪȥ·Ҳܻڷԡ
ȻһУҲкܶ൹ùߣ˼תֱµˡ
ùЩ桢Ϊ²Чѹкͬĺ顣緶Ȱ˴̡Ͷڵİ⡢߷֡Ͷ²ҡùĳ̵ˣ󲿷ֶ˸ٵ³ͬʱջ˺
нĴ̡ϿƳĸ硢־ȵҲû³
һУԴӰĻǶ˷⽨Ĺߡ˾ٽһٽķ⣬Ϊ
еһб仯Ϊһ˵ĳֶı״ˣӽ
һ㣬ļ쵼ˣʵۡڸ׸ʵȶһġ
ҲˣӽӶ̶̵һʱڣһˣΪ˲ٵϮ˺νһҫ۵ľǣڴĹٳ
ʵۣͨգѩи߸˵ع֮ʱ²ȴһ
Ů컹ɹŰ죬˱ϴθر֮⣬ԼĴʢ⼯ϣȴǴ󺹵һ£㿪ս


646 ⵺콨²
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ʵǷϻÿһǰȥռĵ졣˵սʹʿսԶ˺;Щϵ
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647 ճǼ
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649 
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651 
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˺һ֮ӽתͷԲگ˵ҪɺӿʼһߵϣԽϸԽãͷٿ£ôһ̣
ǣүگһ˿˺ûһУҪռҪԼȥռϣȻǱȽϽġ


652 ˮӪ
СʱڣĶ·ݻǺġʱ򣬲Ǻǹپһ㶼ﲻȥġ
ˮʦνӦԪȴûԼĸȥˮӪѲӡ
ʱ֪Լһһ֪յ˾Ѳ¬Լ÷һѽ²αݹˡ
ӦԪĽͬʱŬô죬᲻ˮӪѲӻ治˵
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ӦԪĲӵ˼ֻüͷʵةˮӪеˮ䱸ȫô
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ӦԪҪ֣֥仰Ϊˮʦ͵֣֥˽Ҫ֣֥ͷӦĻԼѡˮԼߣҲҪǵ֣֥ĺΡ
ãȻˣϾͻȥѡˮӦԪ֣֥΢Ц˵
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ӦԪ뿪ˮʦ֮󣬺ӡȹ˾ܶࡤ˵¶˹ѷɳʮװ̴͵̨Ծݵڳǡ
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ʱǳ꣬ʷϴͺЭ飬һ𹥴֣֥ڳꡣҲˣʱĺԶûʷϵôȣʷʮһĴֻʻ̨壬׼Ϻ˶Ը֣֥Ը


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˳ʵһ˷ܣȲˣսȷʤͿ顣
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ӽµˣϸһָͼȻ˵˴սµĿ֮꣬ѡ˺
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655 ѻв
¬ʣæػش¹ǰȥոʱ򣬷ֽ²δռ쵺죬ֻƻ¡ⰶϵıûǰôˡɴ˿ɼ²ȥˡ
ˣ¬˼˵˺ݵѹӡΪ²ȥıԽ࣬ʱԮݵıԽ࣬ʡ
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656 һ
ɶأŵıѩڻ±Ȼѩ֮ǰоͺܶ࣬һĺ䡣
λɺӳڸĽ²½УľһѲӸطԵø⾡ľְ
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߱ѺǸǰǸһʼûǡȷϱȫ֮󣬱һµȥү棬˵µһݡ
ǣӳҲúӦһ㷭Զȥ
Щūһ֪Щ϶ˣԼСӦܱס
ʱŹǻ֪޲ԣ޲֪йؽ²й
ٴαѺʱһū̾ʲôʱ²ˣһͷӣ
ûӦֻ϶¶֮ͬ⣬˭ûϵȻһ֡


657 
ɺ뺣Ҳ಻Զһ壬н²ĶȥٴˣΪĳһ
Ϊϣͣ˸ʽĴ˾ͱж
ӽĸϣʱڴ˵Ż
Ԭûӽüͷ壬վǰλĽ졣
ɶܱٺ͸ܱοɸ٣ǰ˺
ӽʻҲ˲úӽվŵĲگкپϻشԬةأ޷ѷɱʦҽǰΡ
ӽһһ´λվʵôôأ
үԬةѸߣɶĴһֱս¡͹ȣ֮ǰס²˱иȾ˷纮ҪӾĩŻġοɸٲ廰͵
һֱԬߣ֪þϸ㡣
ӽοɸ٣٣ףԬҪԸ²֮⣬ҪЩɶϵĽ춷Ƕ£ɣ
ӽû˵ƣһָ˵ɡ
ٺͺοɸлӽ԰ְߵͷֱλȻӽ˵
˵˵ǵӽԼһһ߶˵
һȭشүһǧЯõʺһЩسе
ԣӽһһߵͷƻеĹҪǸãһסĺݳǡϾ¾ս½֮󣬻Ҫؾʦġ
ǧľʲôӽһʵ
һԥػشٹ֣ǧ辰һǧǹʣµ֡
ӽ˾Ц˵Ѻ˵սˣ
ڻش𣺡ֻ˵ҪפغݳǣľүԸ
ãҺǽεľսƻӽ˵վĴձڣеͼ
һֱվĲگҲ˹ȥȰϸ˳ݸ˺
ٺͺοɸһæվ첽߹ȥ
ǵսĿǺݣǶˡǵо·߽Ϊ֣ǲ¾еĳӪ˺ɺֱţׯ䣬һؼ㣬Ҫע⡣
ӽϸָŵͼ˵˵ʱ۾תٺͺοɸˡ
ү뽲Ӧ˵
ӽͷתͼָһطǾʱ⴦е̽ý²֪ܵˡʱҪӿٶȣţׯ½ΧĽ²²ʹ壬Ҫ
ٸղʱ򣬾ʡӽڽ⣬סˡ
ӽͣ˵ʱ̲סˣүΪʲôҪʹǱ¶ʵý²Ԯ
ӽһЦҪ¬Լû˵¬Ҳᡣ
ĵظٽ͵ҪľЧǵĿǰţׯĽ²ˣҵĿǰѽ²Ԯˡ
һ¶ݵزµΧǴԮ
ͽ²˶Ľ²УٱҲڵһʱ뵽ˡֻҪһУǰǱռҰսơҰս򲻹˼ңΧǴԮǱԮ
ӽٵľ¾鵹ҲḻϿ϶ΧǴԮһ½ľֻǹ
е֣æʵǻгӪô
ȵȷϽ²ɳʹߺ󣬳װΧţׯĽ²ʱӪŻ½Ϊǲý²֪¾ˣôӽҡҡͷϸĽ͵
ٺͺοɸ˻࿴漴˺⡣ү½²֪¾ҲˣͲҳԮˡ
һ뵽پеĽ¾Ȼ
סϴӦһ
һҪ󣬾аʱ䣬ȫţׯĽ²ȻסǰԮĽ²¾һ֧²Ӱ˽ӣԼṥݵѹӽ˵ʱ򣬿ʼЦݡ
û̻شӽүţׯжٽ²
ûӽȴҡҡͷĿǰδȷϣţׯûǰôҪӦòᳬһǧǷģгӪһжռ˾Ҫ⻹Ӯɴؼȥˡ
˺˵ǸһбæӦһ
ӽȻɫø࣬ٵһ䣬ս¼Ҫ˭ҪǸְߵսġ˭Ҷз˵
Ѽ˽Կһܱ֪˺᲻ҲǸһӽĿѹ֪˺⻰Ƕ˵ģ亹ʹӶͷðˡ
үģ鷢ĩһϼӶ١æ̬
ӽˣ¶ЦݵͺãʲôҪô
û˵οɸȴ˵ˣүɺӣЩôã²ڴһɺӵʱ򣬾ͻѶҾţׯٷƣ
֮ǰһֱ˵⣬˺˵÷Զ⣬Ϊǰᡣ
˭֪ӽȴЦЦ˵ɳֲȥˣϢǡ
ֲӣٺͺοɸ˵Դðһʺš


658 һ˳
ʱһʿ䣬ӽүһѾ£ûκ⡣
ӽȻЦţжٻе㵣ֲ֧ӵĵһΣ׻ô棬һľͷȥͷʾ֪ˡ
ٺͺοɸһͷˮתΪ˾֮ɫ˵ù£ܽˣֻһһشȥǶԴ˴ս»ʲô⣿
˺ô˵Ͱ˼·תصǰս¡һᣬӽү˽²Ԯ֮󣬽ôв⡣
ӽͷٲʣҲ׼˵ġ
ǣӽѺҲ˵˵¾Ϊȡܶʱ䣬ҲҪһ㣬¾һ̣ͺܿܶһˣǵĶҪ죬죬ô
ʱף˺֮ǰвĻԭΪ⡣¾Ҫסôѹ֪ܲСԥһᣬʵү᲻̫ðˣ
ӽһЦô¾Ұս
һеΣ
ʵҲ¾ðյģôĻ¾һأݾͲסԣӲͷƤҲϣԱȡʱ䡣ӽϸԼƣп˵¡
үģĩһӿٶȡٱ֤
οɸٵȻҲ̬¹شĩа
ӽ̬ȶ͵ͷȻתĲگҲҪʱУҰսûгӪġ
үܷģگԥػش
ӽٴεͷת߻Լλ£Ȼǰ˵⸴ɶʹӴ˴ս¿ʼǵսȻʷᣬúøɣ
ٺͺοɸٱȭگʽĩŬʤ
ʱ֣;һ뱤ݣ⻹˽²ںݵһЩ顣
ٺͺοɸ˺а˿ϵһսµѹ˲١漴˺ǣԻڴȥˡ
Լʱ֮󣬸źĴӣˮҵ˳ˮڣʼɺʻȥ
Ĳǰ¾ĳӪΣȻ¾ǹĲƺƵĴӵ
Ƚ˰ߵıݣӲȥĻǵʧöബֻɡ
ϵġӲʱϢݻӽٵҪյһ־顣
ɫ΢֮ʱţׯǲԶӽ¾´ﳤȥ
ţׯĽ²Լֻа˰ˣ⴦ɿڣ֧Ԯӵߵıݡ
ʱ򣬴󲿷ֽ²Ϣô䣬ûʲô£˭ȥ
ֵڱ¥ϣźʱ䣬ȴͻȻж
ϸ۾ٶһȷʵû𡣺ӱߵıܵˣ
ǣһ߹ŵţǣҪʱ۽ֿ˺ϣֺöĴӡ
Ҳȣæ˱ţ
ء쳹ţׯϿգϾڵɧҡ
פصĽ²ҲǴսϱܿů͵ķݣ˶顣
Ϊ׵ȸʯ͢ԭΪǧܣսܺͶŬࡣΪ²ǰɱǰۣͬΪȸ
յ¥£ڱʹӺɱˣ
ʯ͢һðɣڹĹȻԴ¿ô
û֮ˣ϶ƾ衣ǣҲڱ棬Լ첽¥
һ֮£˵ȴеԾôബиǧ
Լֻа˰ˣô߲࣬ơ
ʯ͢һ£ɳʹߵľ飬פغݵĹɽͼɱԮ
ԼͷбƾĳǽأԵȴԮ
Ͼ̫ˣͷĻ޵»ᱻ꣬㡣
ûʱ䣬Ѿдͷϵʿӵ£ͷӣϿȥ
ȴԼϣԶ۲ͨݵ·طߺܺãܿܳһͨݵ·
˺һٷԶЦŶߵȫϰȰΧˣٰͷóúĳӪ½
ٵ鲻²Ȼͷϵֿʧöɡ
µó²гǽء²ȴ²лгӪӪЯ˸ֻڣɱĴڡ
ٷ·𿴵Ӫ⣬ѺĴڵڿڶϽ²ǽʱǻûмʱˣ
˺ݵս½еĺ˳Ҳɣٵĵһӡ


659 Ȼ
¾֮󣬾ʦкͳʵ۾ͿʼսµʤͬʱѲĲҲڵһսµϢûоʦǵֵġ
ʱ򣬺λʳĸ֣֥˳档˵õϢϼһֱûץסټĺۼźͺһͼıĽӡô˻һٶ˵ЩͺˣԺغ֣ĳ˵¡
֣֥ϢԴȻûиԼĲԼ֪Ϊ֣֥õһֶξֵĲ£չߡ
ģΪֻ֣֥һֿ˵ֶζѡĲ֣֥˵ǰͲɵе㼤
ҪǺûͺˣ˽ȫƿ֣֥ԼֵǮ
ԤڣĲ֣֥ͬȫļƻѸۿս˳ȥԴȫЩͺ˵Ŀꡣ
ĲԼĺãŴõĲҶȴսµĽ
ɫ֮ʱסˡҲʼͣԼվȥ鿴ɫһֱڣ֣֥ûз
ĲܹƵ֣֥Դˡ֣֥Ը񣬱Ȼ׷ʹ򣬰˲Żص˰ɣ
뵽ͲɵҡҡͷΪЩ֣֥ĶĬ
ĲҲٵˣԸ͡
£׼СһȵСƣԸůķʱ洫ٵĽŲšѵһƿһ˴˽
ةˣ֣λˣ֣λӻˣ֣λڸۿ׼ӭ֣֥ĸ¡
ĲӿʼΪԼˣǻ̿ʧɫӣһеһûպãѵһ˵ϡ
ô£Ĳɫף򸱹ºţ˸µ״Ρ
±Ĳһ˵˵ĻС˿ϼۿǵصĴֻ׷֪֣λˣ˸Ͻة档
ˣôڣֵܷ壿ѵͲǺŲ·߱ɻƱƵۿˣ
Ĳһŭˣ˵֮󣬽н׼ѱĸ¡һһէģǴһٳԡ
ɾʱſִٵĽŲһ˴˽
ĲţǻкƢſھ׼һȻû
ةةӦҲǼҴҶ
ĲȴûΪѿ˾֣֥ˣʧӳ֣֥ϣǵһο
ô£ô£ĲһƬհף֣֥
˵ȥ𺣵֪ǵıô֣֥ߵôôˣ
֣֥ץסһ߲輸ϣĲӺʣüͳȥĴۣ͵عһ֮ڻָ۵ıɫپţĲϸսµľ
ԭһʼʱһж˳
֣֥ŽӰԼĿǰĶΪ׵ĺͺ˵ʮսһ壬ƣ׼һټ֮ʣǵķ
֣֥Ҳںжٷû뵽Ϊ׵ľȻǽʮ˵սҲͨװ̴
䴬٣ڵΪս֣֥ûսεʱ򣬾ͳ嵽ĺһᡣ
֣֥һ˵սʱ֪ԼҪˡΪֻмǿͶԷһսֻܴ򺣵ѣǺּսĶ֡
Ҳƽʱƴ£ʹԸڻļսսӻϳ
ɫڣ֣֥ҲƲ磬ڱ˻
ۿаڣӻļսĻѺͺ˵ĽӶ棬ûй
֣֥ס˾ƣŴҴѲ澭
Ĳ֮ĬĬʱԼۿڴĻ
һᣬһ˿ϣ֣֥ܷô
֣֥ҡͷشةĩֻʣսˣôùǣĩȰةڵȥѲһﲻȫ
ʲôܹĲˡ
֣֥ͷң֮ʣȻԺΪǰԲִֻΪۣռۿڣʣµĴֻûռܴһҴʿʱҰ𶯣ǾͶ˺ܶأѡٴ̸Ǵˡ
Ĳ÷ǳϤ͵ⲻ֣֥֮ǰõһУʹԼǰΣóаһߣŰƽ
Ĳһᣬջҡҡͷˣ͢׷һк³پտ˵ɣ
ڶյʱ֣֥֮ͬ£ĲӵϸߴӸۿڡһ¾ͱսסˣû뵽ôս
ջǿסѹ׼֣֥Ȱɾ֣֥˵˼ʱ򣬺ϵĽȴ뿪ۿڶȥ
֣֥ҲĪȻԼĽӼȫûˣʱҪǹռ˸ۿڣдĺôôͳأ


660 ˽
ͺ˵Ͻӳ˵ԭΪǸĿ꣬ٴγڴҰʱٹΪ֮𾪡
һУɶսӽ˲֪˵Щֻ֪Ľ²ˡ
פغݵĹɽͼʱŲʱ򣬽ӵʯ͢Ŀ˵ţׯܵĹǧ£Ԯ
ͼ鱾Ͳãһֱ֮ӰŵǸɰˤˡ
ǰһͷˮʹŭȷϵ
˵ģ²ûһƵԴҰɵ˼ιÿοʱ򣬹ڳﵱͷڹ꣬ҲҺʹҰս
ˣͼȻˣȴе㲻š
ǣɺضǹĴС˸ʱѼ´ȥţׯˡʯ̫࣬ţׯʧٷԮʹһһóʯ͢š
ͼŵɰƬ߽ʹһѴù
һᣬ¾ͰŸ˺ˣͬʱҧгݵ˵ƽȮۣ֮ʧ˼ΣΪè۸ˣ
ͼʱһֱڷľжͽ޹ķ˺ܶʳ˲
ϾǴˣɺūɱ˵ʡ˲ʳɸֵ־Ͳˡ
һҪӣŻе¡
ͼǹñȥֲֵĲ㣬Ϊ˷͵ϮѾӸţ¼г˺öֳȥˣʣµĶΪ˲С룬û취ĻսҲʱȻȥˡ
ӣɴЩ˳˳ˮй飬Ҳֲͼ鲻ˡ
һֱ²ĹʱȻڹɧǣô᲻ͼŭأ
ͼ񵱼ǧǰȥԮţׯ䡣
֮ǰĸסȰֻǧ²װɣ
ʢǰسǵûвǰ֮
ͼ۾һɣŭȵʲôףǧס㹻ˡ˵㻹ĹܳԵҴǧ񣿵ҽ˹ԻѸٿʦ
ǲʲô¾ôĸֻԼ뷨
ͼеıӾʹһ߻¾͹ôѲʲôүϵãŻд˻ᡣ˵һ¾Ǻ͹һкη򲻹ĻҾͲ᳷ô
֮ǰս¾飬֧¾ҪǻϬȦȴȥ˴
ԹĶԣս£һҪվйǰţ¼ΪλָһоҲ¡
ͼĸֲٶԣֻܸ޳ɡ
ܿ죬²ǧͳ˺ݳǣԮţׯȥ
˵ͼ˵úںʵǺСĵġһ·϶ϸϸϷ
ڴŻһʱʱǰͿ쵽ţׯˣʲô
ͼҲͷˣȫĿʼעǰս¡ٽǰ֮󣬿ĳȴһ
ֻѰţׯ乥ˣʯ͢׼ڸߴʾڣһڳԴͬʱͼҲȻΪʲôһϲڹĹˡ
ֵ֧ľӣһ档ϵڿڣָԼߡ
ͼ񰵵ã֪ڵæ˳Ļ̣׼취ȻҪû취ĻϻתݡΪţׯ䶼ѾʧݣûоԮıҪˡ
һߵʱһС֧ȴһ㶯ûУͼ˿
м˲䣬֧ӪǼٵİɣԼܣȻͿߡ
ҪĻһѣԼͶˣƶӷǵðԼ˲ɡ
һ뷨֧²Ӿĥû뿪תݡôһӽ¾㹻ʱضǵ·
ӽΪ˱ⱻ²Ԯ֣žӶúԶԶ۲쵽²ȫȥ֮󣬲ס˽²·
Ϊѩջã·ϻǱȽŢҰսڱûڳӪСӽǧ¾ȫݷǹȻˣӳ⡣
¾һ֧Ĳڿ²Ԯĺʱ㿪ʼӡ
Ƚ²Ԯֲԣʱ¾Ѿʼˡ
ųɵݷǹ֣һŸմһǹһŵݷǹֱԽۣͬǰǹŵŵߵǰȥǹеġŵݷǹ֣ԴԴϵǰһǰ
²Ԯֲ֮£֯ȴֻϡϡعַĽ²δзӦǹء
ͼû뵽ֵ֧ľĿԶ֮ǰϬĹƸͲԼ֧˰·ûһ׼ľֵܵġ
ʱͼѺûֵȰ˵ʼˡҲɽ룬ɺӣԴĳӪһʱ֮䣬ͼˡ


661 ɶảݳ
²ݷǹֵǿƹȣغˡӪĻ漴ҰĽ²ɥʧ˶־
ͼģҲɽܡƥװҪˣֻһɽ֡
¾ݷǹ࣬˹ٶȺܿ졣²˵ֿ͸Ǽӿ˹ٶȡ
ţׯĲگ²İܾѶֹͣڻ
һվŵٺͺοɸɳǹĽ²
սֵزûʲôˡɾͽ֧²ӣٺͺοɸٴΪ˷ܡ
ǰʱһֱý²ǳ̷ܲһҲԥسС
ڼ¾ǿҵţ²ɱѼɡ²¾Ĺ֮£ͬھԶԶؾͱǹУҲзϡ
ǵһʶǹȻҲǵһθо²ʵˡͬµ¾Ҳֳºܡ
ɫ֮ʱս½ӽɽ֮⣬
ʿǳ˷ܵһߴɨսһ߰̾ԭҲôɡ
ļ죬ʱۼӽߣһս¡
ֻӽԡӵĶӳ˵֮һҪס¾ǿúݳƻ;ƻҲҪʱ䡣
ϱȭشүģ֤񡣡
ӽͷȻתԲگ˵Ӫӿٶȣϲӡͻ복ӪиֻлڣǶԽ²ĴɱҲΨˣܵס²ĹɰܾͿӪܷʱô
үģӪһʱϡگҲȭ֤
ӽŶԽǧ񿵷ԸǽίһҪʿ˼빤뾡ȫ˷·Ţѣ֧Ԯ
ҲǴǣү
ӽתٺͺοɸ٣Ĭ˻ᣬ˵ս£ѵʱˡǵٶȾ¾ѹɣ¾㳷롣˵Ͳ˵ˣϣ´μʱ졣
үģĩϾͰšٴش֪˺⻰е˼ٴԼеȨ
οɸҲ̬үȡһϵʱ䣬ĩ²ݾһ˯
ӽͷãʱ䲻ˣжɣ
ǿгˡÿһ˶뾡ſܱ֤˴սµʤ
Сڲگߣ˺ݷǹԶȥе㵣ġ
ܽ常᲻£̧ͷʲگ
گԵͷ棬Ȼ̧ͷϵɫ˵ǿҹɫҹжǷĺˣսȻʤүҲ¡
گоݵػشС΢ġѲگܽҲ߰ɣ
گһЦа⻹ëͷСѡҲ˵Ӫץʱ·
ɫ΢֮ʱݳǵĽ²Ȼֹٵϴ
ͷ²ֵʿϾȥ¥棬ͼĸ־ҹȴͼ
һжæ쿴һ֧ݳǶ
ͷʱæµʼ䱸
֧ɿؽӽݳǣ˺ݳǵ̺ҲûһҪٵ˼
ͷõĽ²ģˣؾԼˡ
ֻ֧һٶ˵Ǳö˵ͷˣ¶ԴϵĽǮβм˵ϻż
һﻤǺӱߣΪ֮˱Ůߺȷŵţš
һ˿ɳƣһЩֹ̿֡һŮ˵óͷϵòǺ
˼սˣ׷Ͻǡ
ʱͷϵĽ²Զֳһ֧ӣԴԴϵسǵҰС
Щתͷ׷͸żˣ׷Ů滰ŷŵſš
ͼĸżͼ䣬ּԶɳ۶֪ٲŵĻͿûпŵĻˡ
ǣҲæǽͬʱȥͷĽҪͼ䡣
һٶһǺ̾ͷˡ
ŴĽ²ϾͱɱˣȻͷɱ
ͼĸָ㲻ô£֪ЩͬôɱԼˡôҪسŵĿȨ
²ӵϵʱЩȻóе率ôľһ䣬ʱŵһ²ŴϿ˳
ֱʱͼĸֲԭЩٰ硣Ҳ˲þȻꡰǮβΪڵķͣһ֯š
ЩٰкȻӳһ˵еĶڽ²Ͽըһʱ֮䣬ɢķ۳˺öطЩ²һһͣش磬͹˲ϻڴ̵¡
ͷûбǺĩǵĽ²תͷ⣬а̾ˣ


662 ʱʤ
ԭӽͷ¾֮͡ľʱ䣬˲ڡƭ֮󣬺ܿ͸ϵ
¾ʿһǣ߳ǽϹȥ
سǵǽ²쾫Ȼűƶǵʿܴ󣬶Ҳ˵һֵ֧ľӺھͳǰеĴ󲿷˻ǹˡ
¾ǰ¾鲿ӣҲԭҹղӡΪսӽиװ率
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ԴԺ󣬴ձһʶǿԺ̣ͨΩ˲СΪŰغץһ٣Ϊ²Чĺһ


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678 սĲ
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ȻˣֻҲŵ㣬ƽ桢ˮܸգЩԶУûԺá
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սʵԳսսΪл䱸ȴٵĿֻΪʹá
ˣҲܴӡЧˮƪеõӡ֤
мݼ̹ˮʦһˮӪҸҺ״ҲɽװҪһ𣬹У󷢟һšɻʮšʮšʮ֧ȡ
ΪЦǣĴ󷢟ˣڴֱӷ䣬Ϊ䷴ѴֻҪѻڵŵ棬Ȼٿڡ
սʱжãӽ롣
˵սǧϡһսΪ塢ңÿսʮڡ
ִụ̃́ǿԴսֻܰŴںСڣ߻޷Ƚϡ
һܴǾǴӦãڴϵ
һⶼӲʽӲʽĺôǵ㣬䷫ס÷ףЧʸߣԽʡԽٵĴԱԲ
ҲҪߵĴΦҲ̫һӰ쵽˴ֻʹøĴΦ߻Ӱ쵽ֻȶԡ
ʴȻ÷ûд㣬ЧҲߣ䷫ܲ㣬ҪʹôˮвΣҲȽϴ
ȴӦǷ⣬ͬʱǿԽΦøߣ緫Ҳøһʹʽٶϱ˴ȳԽ˴Ŀԡ
ӽĬĬĴֻڹģǺٶϣǻϣȫһεĴڡҲѹݺảϣ˼ɡ
֣֥֮ǰ˵Ҫʮһ֮ȣսܸսӽ֪ʵǿ˵ѡ
ӽһʣôĻû˴֣֥ôʷӮ˶غƺȨأ
뵽ɵʵ˵ˮʦҲ˵˵ļƣеһƴ֪ǿʲôƴģ
֣֥˶ʦˣǻʲôһһʮػشĩ˲һЩǵĴֻ䱸ǵĻڡ⻹һЩϿôֻΪԶ˴ֻǹشĩȻǡ
ӽõͷһЩ֮󣬱תʵ£˷ս£Ϊô촬ҵ֪ܶˣضӰĹߡ
ʵ֪ӽָǷ⽨һ£ͷ֪ѺȺĵ½֮󣬱ȫ濪ˣδ顣
ӽһϽ£֣λķȲ˵ĴֻͬʱͨСսĲࡣԺֻҪӽзԺȻȡ
йؽƣϣûһܺӽȡʵ۶ʶǷǳ̵ġ
ӽôһ˵͸ڴзɹһա
Ļڵ˶Ǵ߼Ա֪顣Ȼ֣֥⡣ӽĻԳԾʲôô
ӽ£飬оȫзḻĴнܳ߿Բοǹڲ΢֮
ʵۺʹЩ߹Ѿ̼֮ˣҲ֪˺Ҫԣ˶ӽĽ鶼ΪȻ
£˽ͺ˵ľˡţǵĻȻûҴ³¾һϾ¡ӽٴ˵
ʵһؿӽͷѰ;Ŀֻʦյｭϣƽ֮ҡ


679 ¾ô
ǳȥ̾һˡӽҪ
ʵǵͷҡͷʦҹ̸ϻȥЪϢһ°ɣ
ӽһмش˴νƽң¾ҪҴľе֮ȥֿܷ֮̾Ϣ
ȻӽҪ󣬳ʵȻֹˡ
¾ϵʦʱӽѾˡʱ䲻ˣ¾˾еҩ֮󣬱ͨ˺ӣҹ̵ظϡ
˴γӪûȫȥΪӪȽϱأʺϽˮֺӵݺĵΡҽϵ÷꼾Ҳ٣󲿷ֵطûˮ·ӪȥֻǼ߶ѡ
ǧݷǹٶҰսڱԼһǧӪӪʿεƽҲӡ
֮ǰʱҲгþӪ¡û˱֤Ӫȥ˾һƽ֮ңʦ飬ɶս²²Σֲ֪ˣվӪûð¡
ӽˣ֮ǰЩľͶûˡӽ¾Ļϣ˲־ӪȻûġ
˺ѱһ¾Ĵֻһ·˳磬ƺƵ϶ȥ
Ӿʱӽվڴͷ΢΢̾ĳУǮ˵ãһǧ𣬱ųĵطȴԵø
˺ԭӦŽͨأǸⷱĵضΡȴǲжˣһɫҴҵ·֮⣬Ѳߵıۡ
ǼӴĴӣϡŹ־ıӱ϶£ɵöפۿ
װִڵ¾ʿ䲢ûΪ˴δݣĴָָ㣬˵˵ЦЦǶϸִڣһ˿Լְ
ǲµͨˣÿ϶˵ľʿܵó֧ӲͬѰ϶ǳ͢ӱľ
Щϴ·ˣЩֽˣ׷״ϲϲͬ鼰İ·ʾԼļŹ㲩
ǳ͢¾Ǵľˡ
֧ѽ²αľӰɣ
ѵеڶ֧¾ɣһԣǾأΨ˺¾һҡ
˺ѵǸ˵·˺
רģս²ģºˣ

Ļھ˺ˣЩŵعϳһָֻ˻ʼ·֧¾۷׷ס
ȻҲж¾սֻ̬ȵġ
ôڲ˺˰ɣ
㶮ʲôн²ô˵߾ߵģ
ˣĴǺѼӣô򣬻ǵòκô
˵еûǴɲǱĽ²ɱȵģ˵

ЩռϷ磬Ϊû²ȴʶĵǿ˶¾ܷһ£նǺܴ
Σ¾ĵǵġŴԶȥݵİ޲ϣ¾ܴʤ̣հѺĸߡ
Ƕ¾Ҳֻ˶ѡҪ˵ģô붼ǲܵ顣
ӹݣһ·֮󣬱еعٸǰסˣΪǰѲȫ
ЩĵĴ󺣴Ȼ˺ӣٺСȴû⡣ǺëӵƣӵܣǵĵӺܴжδ˺Ӵ١
¾ʼ´ûңȻԾ緶
гһӵˣϾ˺
ӽų㱨飬üͷ
ھ˺ӺͳĽ紦Ҵڳϰ
ռ򽭺󣬱ɺĴֻһˮ¾Ҫ빥פ򽭵ĺˣƵɹС
һΪڳĴֻͺϽը߷ˡǺĴֻѲߵˮܿ
ӽҪƵɹҲһ¡˺еĴֻǿкɳӽ붼ûҪôˣв
ʱɫҲѲ磬ӽפͬʱɳȥ
ˣӵ˶ڱʿѡγġû˻ӾڽϳеץϹ
ʱ򣬰֣֥ĺôԳˡӽүĩһЩֵܣȥЩ顣
ӽ֣֥һۣںʹһϣԺҲ̴Լ˰̶ûкô
˾ЦŴӦˣͬʱǰѡҲɳȥˣһжǡӵսǿֻҪӾһû⡣
û뵽ҹ˳ɹӽűæǰʡ


680 
еȴļһӽæݼоʽģҲеϥصġ
ү·λֵܣйᷣǽУξǱںе˸СͷĿŹӡȿ˵
ӽԿϥصˣᣬȴһ뺷Ҫ֪ˣҲ벻ȻӽĽУξΪߵԵʣӽûзӡ
᷼˺ԼæСȥĩŻϷǱ¡ֻʱ̫̣δܵ㿴ء
ӽùվ˵Ȼʵѵˣ
ǡæ
ӽǵ飬ԼΪǱʵƼΪָ֪ͬרѵغ
û뵽Ĳ֣Ȼڽõˡ
ǣӽʹйغͺϽӵľȻԼ˽һһ˵ӽ
ԭϽӰ֣֥ôܣƵˮʦۿ֮󡣰ԭļƻ׼ǿйռۿڣȻ
ĺ˹е㵣ǲ״һս飬ڴغûԿϽӣһ˳
ΪǸطǴľģϽһ࣬Ȼ𶯡Ǹʱ򣬾ͲǺ͸ѲȥԻˣֱӺ͢ǳʵ۶Ի
˹˾ĶˣΪֱӺĻʵ۶Ի˺öм价ڣڽԼʱ䡣ں˵ʱǽǮǺںġ
ˣϽӲŻͻȻԸˣʵǱϣǰˮˡ
볤˹ΪԾû뵽Ӵ侭ĵķȻ˱ˮʦУ½ϵľҲһ
һ£ǿ˹ġּذķǴֱ̼УϰѼǮŮˡ
һж˳˸ЩϳֵϵرǴܡ
˺ʹ֮£빥ռϾԻȡ̸г롣
ϾǵΰʩƣͲǺ˺ͺϽܹġ
˹ܺڣҪԼľٶһЩ˵ܹðĳˡ
⣬Ͼת˳ߵ򽭣ס˾˺ӵ϶ˣʹ
˹׼Ҳеģ֪һڰŵôˡ
һ֧֧սΪһˣҲû̸ʹ߹˹ȥӴûκν
˹⣬ôŰɣҲгкŮ棬͵ɼˡ
з˵Ҫһǰƽҡ̣ǺľӣܺͱĴ̡
˹һĵɰԱӡһﻹŹǹЩǿѣʹǸӣһƬضˡ
֪ôʱ򣬾ӦüԶеĽӣȫһҲͲܵȥԱˡ
֧ľӼȻ̣ǾͰ̸ˣôٲȥˡ
뷨᷾ͱɵ̽Ȼˡӣ͵ӽоʡ
֪֪ˣս仰еģӽʱͺܸˡ
گ֣֥һ˵һϼԲ
һֱ˺ܾãм仹Ϥصεĳѯ󶨺һƲߺ󣬹᷾¾Ӫʧˡ
ʱʹǰȥ죬פԱܶ˹
ܶˣϢϢһ˹ֺõ˵
˹ʵĺ˻飬Цʵʹˣ
ҡԴѧŶ˵ӻصҲҲܶûУȴҲԶˡ
˵꣬ϻͷ˵ǰѿһһʵܶ˰ɣ
˲׵˹򵹣ߵһܶˣС˷ڱ̽顣ܶ˵ĸСײľˡ
ʲô֧ľӣǸľӣ˹һϴĻæʵ
ڴ֧ӿ㵽㱻ܣ̸ܿˡ
ͷǵģܶˡСײ֧´ǧһʹûǹһкĵطפ
ҲһͷĻ
˹ˣûʣ⡣һᣬɫתΪٴʵ棿
һ߼ˣæشܶˣҷֱ֧ȥ̽ġȷȻ֧Ҳȥֵ̽һµġ
֧ô˹ٴʵ
ϵæش֮ǰࡣ
ԣǶҹʡ
ûֵĻ
˵˹¶Цݡ


681 ǰ
˹Χ֧Ϊľӣпܣûץλôһûϣֻˡ
ǣҹѴСټ顣
˹ЩõǰֻҪٴδӮһ̣һ⳥һʾ޿
˹ٴЩŵ⳥һ뽫ָЩ⣬ΪԶĺޣĽó׽ЩΪߣ£ɡ
ϴףҪ֮ǰ֣֥һĹԱҲԸȡ
׷ʲôǲƸ˹ŵбһѾ㲻ԼֶܷˣƱԼ˱׬ǮҪࡣ
Ǯ֮Ȼ½ˣ˹ܸȡԱĴⲻĻؼ԰ô
ôһµЩ˵ֱУ޲̾ǰȥ֧ɱƬײ
˹Щ˷֮ȴ˵ִֻս¸ҵһС棬ɱٵˣõĴٺܶࡣ
һ⻹˵ãҲԼҪͬ¸ңǰſˡ
ôһ룬Ǳ˴˶ӵʱ򣬶޲һڳԵ֡
Ϊ˷ֹߣ˹ϳڼҪеĺҪٳȥ͵ССֵزҪӮ̣ҵĺôġ
һֿŻĽɢ򽭳ӿһٷ½Σʼܹĵ׼
˹һ̻Ǻĵģȴڼ䣬ɳԼˣǸȷټĺСͷĿ·ٴǰȥһ
Լ̽ӻȥ˹Ľһ˿ǡ
ܽ˵֧֮ǰҪ΢ǿ㣬Ҫ΢õ㡣ʿƺѲߵû־뺷Ӱӡ
й㣬˹ȷϵģΪȥ̽ӣ۾ܶɾٰӹĻ̽һ۾Ϳ
Ϊ˷ֹҹշԼͼӶ˹һֱӵȵ˴ڣ
⼸Բ֮գòôѣǸ͵Ϯĺʱ
еĺͺ˶׷ԼĴֻƺƵغ糤
󴬽ȥ˺ӣͣڽ㴦
ʱ·һ·С˺Ӷϣ׼ض·
һ·ڽ㴦´Ȼ½·
˻ãôľжУеˣȿֺһ㲻ңҲ㣬һȰ˺Ӷסˡ
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ȥһֱɫ΢΢֮ʱͺ˵ųӪصĸ
Ӫؾھ˺ӵĶһСɽҲǺ롣ǰĹٵʮԶĵطӣȻͨġ
һ·˺ӱϣƵ˺棬ض·ȻϱһлĶǺӣûߣﵽһټ֧Ŀġ
ĶʵСɫֿʼ;
˹ͨԶ֣ЩʿʵֻţҳһŵĶС
ǿǰķ⣬Ҳܹ׷Ӫط档
һʱ֮䣬ź֮һ쳹ƬصϿա
˹еΣҲ⣬ЩֻǺѡҪ񱾹һϸؾָͣӣǲʵ顣
Ҳãȥ̽ǳ
ǧӵľӣ˹ĺ棬һעűս
·ԶĵطͣϰĴΪһӮ·Σ˹ǱȽϽƻġ
ֻ໽еسӪ֮ЩʼӪع¿ʼ˷
˹ͨԶ֣֧Ļȷʵ֮ǰĻҪá
Ṧûһ֧ǹըŵġҲԣںĹ£ûһǹߡȻɫֲ԰ףȴǿص
һЩСͻڣҲʼٻ˹ϵνķɻڡ
еϧԼսƾŽڵĺܰӪضˡ
ѽ˹Ҳʵ̫ˡɻûҪҲ취
ƴ֮£Ĺܴ죬ûһӪأ
˹һֱԶڹ۲ţʿĶʿžٲע⣬ʼӵʱ֪ʱѾ죬ܹ
ǧųĶУŻǹʼǰ
ǰЩܺͺеһƴĲӣںӵ벽ǰ£˼ǹ֮󣬱ˡ
˹ţ£ԼƴһȥżǹܴȱڡȻߵĺܳȥûкӵˣֻǲ֪ǸĺǷץ


682 ͻ
Ӷٽ֮ʱÿеĹֺ֣ȻطҽСͬʱһЩСͷĿҲ׷еأ˹Ŀɿڴ
û˹ֺ֣һʱ֪Ǻãһ߻еʽǰһתͷȥѰǵ߳١
ʱӪΧդȻóеĺͺӶһķôԼˣѵҪ
ͷûת꣬ͿЩǰʿظ˿̴һ㡣
ԺӽķӪͻȻ˺öڡںӻûзӦʱ򣬡䡱漴Ӫڿն
ȻЩֻҰսڣȲúĴڻߺϵĽԶҪĿǰųͳ嵽ǰĺǴ´ˡ
һʱ֮䣬ǽϳ˺ö϶Щùķѵ³
ͻȻֵĴڣӵķӦֳֽȻ෴ķӦ
ЩµĺźһӪسͼ˻̣еĻǹ
ĺӣ󶼲ǺǴϵˮΪ࣬Ļһ䣬Ϳʼˡ
ãӪУȻ಻ĻǹЩĺӣٲֺվֱӣæѵȼĻһǹ֮⣬󲿷ֺӻûǹ͵ڵˡ
ӪصıͲĺӪеĶְҵĵˡвٻĺ̶̵һʱڣתͷ׼ܡ
ӽںĸߴͨԶ˵ңԸš
ءΡų̵Ӫϳһŵ
Ժķֵǽɳ͵Ӫݷǹֵڻ£ĿɿڴĺȺ˹ȥ
Щľ񣬾úսԭ飬ȿֺӪسĺɢŵá衱һתͷ
ӾûôˣΪӽǰõӪʿ
ںݷǹ˼ֵĺӣתߵʱӪʿ׷ɱĺûᡣ
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һУֻͽ͡㣬ܿʹǣȻǵǰ棬Ưؿת䣬ַһγ档
µսûʲôˣԴ֧ͺ̤ϱʼע³
ӽ̧ͷԶоֻǣҾ˺Ӻͳ㴦ս֪ǱߵĽΣ
Ϊѡ⴦սҪܿϵĽڷΧҪкʵĵطⳡս£ǽ㴦ȽԶӽվϣζϵս¡
ֻðĿջصµսϣǧһǧӪʿݷǹ£˷ȻĻȻ˶԰֮
ӽһڿȥ㰵ͷ֪ѽӵ㣬ĵһ
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ⳡսµһ֮Ϊʷѧ۵һ㡣Ϊʱ˺òȥѺ²ȥ׷ɱĻͲôຣˡ
⻹һ֮ڴ˺󣬰յ䣬ҲѾǰȥ׷ɱȴƫƫһֱܵͣǰ
һЩвֶײǰɵЩܲԼ˲̤ѹ޷ܵĵù֮⣬֮زز
ʷѧ˵ʱָսµ˺ǽºһЩ򵱳⣬ôӶΪ۲ݡ
ڹٷĽУʷ̿У˵˺սԭ򣬲Ż˲á
У˺ô˺˴һϵ顣
ൽΣֻе֪ˡ
Ź˰ʱ֮սɨɡµйսɲگӽүҾһǧˣ²ʮˣкͷĿˡһǧˣ²߰ٶʮһˣдСͷĿʮˣܶ˹˹
Ҳ˵һ룬ϰĺӻȫû³ˡ
ӽͷĵʵҾΣ


683 û治
¾ݷǹսˣʮˣаأӪսˣ˶ʮˡҾ󲿷ֶĶսʱʧġگϻش
ӽͷӵս˻ǲܵġڸСĴۣӮ˺ս£ҲǴʤˣ
뵽ɵֹ˺ӽڵս£֪ǷΪⳡսչ١
ӽչûסԲگ˵ͽƺˣҰսڱӺݷǹǰȥڿ
گһæȰɵүȥһĵľ޽ûٵүȥ˾ͱ¶ڽڵĹΧڣ̫Σˡ
˰ٴҲվһȰӽү˷ǱҪð˴ղֵá
ڳҲȰӽԥˡٵȵȣûϢһҪԹȥ
ҿûʱ䣬ͼӶӳƺͺλ֣֥˳ػһӽʹүһ˳
ӽͲگһǸˡӽʵʲô˵
ڹְϣ֣֥ȺҪһЩڴʱ˵أȴԾλںƣɺ档Կ֣֥ǶˣҲûġ
үӺ֣λǱΣȺĺͺ봬Զȥ֮󣬱ʩˮںˮסЩĺͺ֪ˮƯȥΪδܣը˺ܶ
һ˵ս󣬱ֽϸ˵ĵľ޽ͣڽߵһжʮըըʮӵĺûʣս򽭣ȥˡ
Ǻأگһ߹ĵʵ
ƿگشĴ󺣴һֻʮըը
սʱƷ˹Ϊսûˮܲգױը֮׳ûȻսûô󣬻һԭҪս¡
ƻشתͷӽүϵĺӵӻȥͬ󣬱ģֱȥǲٻˡ
ӽͷЩ϶ǱһսƵˣ½ʣҪģ򽭵ĺˡ
ȷϵ˺ӳڻкߺ˵սô
ɢһգ¾ȷŻˡƸϽش
ӽ˾ͶԲگ˵ػǽˣҴ¾Ѻ˳׸ߡ
گ͹˰ٴ˵Ѱȫ㲻ٷԡ֣֥ԥһ£˵үĩΪսϵѲ㣬ǲս׼սܵصӰ졣ĩ϶ǲ򽭶ƴҴ´ֻͻ롣
飬֣֥˵ȨġӽҲ֣֥˼ٵȵȣͿȥʦڡҲðһںɳʱ򣬺ͻȻ𲻱Ҫķա
ӽΣôˮʱ򡣿ɴʱȴûս˺õսϬĻڳȴκβˮ
ӽһ£Ƶӵǹ֣ȳ˿촬һǴҽö԰ľ򽭿ˡǹԶɧźˣ޷޴
ǣүƵ
ӽת֣֥˵ˮһ򽭣ը˵սáըҲӣú޷ս
֣֥ˣҲϴӦһ
Ȼݺᶫغָ꣬Ľġˮڡ͡ˮסûġ
ΪŵĴƯףҲȽġ֣֥֮ûҲˮ׶ںйء
֣֥Щˮ׵޴رǶԸûܷյʽЧǲ˵ĸۿڣȴһɵеڣôͲ֪أ
ͬʱҲۿ¾սеǵưѱ˺ǰǵȻ޴档
ʱѾʶǰʱΪ͢ӺԲڶຣںšһ͢¾ģѾھʦܵˣԺĺûڶຣ֮ء
ˣ˺¾£ֵúǫ飬Ѻá
ӽںƺ֣֥֮󣬱Ҳʦ˺ӵĳڡ
׼Ƿжɽս
ķչ˵ϡ
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ԭͱƺ֣֥˸þƣߣһôͷȥΪɱŵҲ˲Щ𻵵ĴֻҴҰԱսϣͳ緫ҹˡ
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685 ձ̫ƽʹŷ
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ʵ뵽ɵжӽֶһݸмʱˣӽճݱȥ϶Ǳġ
ǣ㲻پв˾ǰ飬ӽ˵ʦ˵˵в˾ľ巽Ժͺô
Ļڵĳʵ۲پʷ⣬жһʵĻǻش𣬶еԵ
£ղἰв˾˲ûϵͳֻһ˵һ
ӽɣʵ⣬ͷ޷ʦ˵ǡ
һԿŶۿڳУĻͨЩۿڽΪ˷
ԽĲͬҪղͬ˰ڼʳͿԹ涨ʳҪ˰յûԸʳĳ̶ΪֹʳԽ͹˰ԲգӶ˴Ӻʳ
ڶ㻹ҴƷ粣ֶӦ˵ǸõĶ࣬˿ᳫԣҲвǱƣǣռ춫ǵгΪ׬ȡܶǮơ
ʵüЦ·𿴵Ǯƹ
ǿĴˮʦ԰ཨ֧ˮʦ˵Ҫһ֧ǿˮʦغȫҲҪˮʦΪԶĵط̣ͨҲҪˮʦ⣬ˮʦ˽ҲһҪְ𡣡
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690 ²
ӽſĳʵۣҲΪôһ־ľʵڲӦ
Ȼ𣬺ƫˡ֮ǰ˵ɶ飬ô˵˵˵ˮʦȥˡ
ǣʵ£ȥ׼ʱʵȥ
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Ҫӽֵڸ󡢽ָʹ˶ӽϣ
ӽҡҡͷ£²Сū̫ˣԲС֮ǰʱ򣬽²ƼȴӲǱ¾Ӻߵţׯ䡣²˴裬ȻԵ׼ƣҪһ·ȥС
ɶս£ΨӽΪȨô˵ĻҲֻͬĹ۵㡣ˣʵ۾ͶӽȻˣʦ׼ȥء
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ʵһǶˣʹһݶӳ£ɫеֵصɽʦ˰Ӽ˵²͡Ըɹܳ͢⣬Ƴɹ
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£ǽ²Ļ֮ưɣ
£²ΪͻȻͣжı

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ڸ׸ʳУȺֹ֮Ȼʵ£²
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ӽðЦ̫Ȳ˵²ԭǴĳӣ췴أɱգ˵;ͺˡɹţҪʵ۵Ĳ⣬
Ҫ²һ¸ôʵЩǲͻشźߵġ²ԴˮʦɧţغǳֱӸ˶ǷǼ˸
ȥ꿪ʼļս£Ž²ʳʶȥرϮս˽²صĲʳ
ڽ²ʽȱҪУȻΪԼ֡
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ӽ֪̫ĳУֹЩ
ֻһԹۣûϷԼĿ
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͢мǮ˹еöȲûǰôʡˡεĻֺҪĻڶദط𣬰Ļӳú
ҲˣĻߣȴûܵߵӰ죬ܿͶڵ౨ū̫Ĺ顣
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ӽó϶Խ²ĺ̸ĶˣԼ֮ǰ˵Ҳ˳Ϊ۾ݡ
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ʵҲ֪֮Уʵأ
Ϊٹ֮ףһҪġֻ˵ΪӮʹ򣬲̸Ӯߴʱ̫õĻٺͽ²̸ȡһԴΪ
ʵһͰͷתӽܷӮ²ôӮ²
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691 Զﲻǿں
ӽڵעջǼеԼϣҪԼؼ⡣ҲͲװ˼̧ͷųʵۣһص£ΪܴܲӮܶʱӮ̸ܺ
ڴӽ˵ƽɵĵһе⣬û뵽˺Ĵ𸴡
˺̲ǶϷɲ°һĵؿȰ
ӽһҲȳʵ۷Ӧתͷϣɫصû£ԭ⣡
˵꣬תͷʵ£ɶԭǴ²ԭֻǴĳӡ̸ɹŲΪϽ²ɶͳΡôǱĳȥ췴ȥɱգռ򲻹Ǵ뿴ô
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κθ췴ַģǸɱҪǸӦеĴۡӽ˵תԵˣѵǰĲдţҴߣԶʵѰ˴̬ȣֻҪַҴģԶٶĴۣҲҪǡ
ӽ˵꣬Գʵ˵£ҪΪϵǿҪƣСҴҴ
£˺˵üǣԭ⣬ҴߣԶϣȴվ˳֧˺
˵ⷬʱԶֱҧüأŵˣ⵱ȻҪд۵ġΨˣôĵ˵СӴ
һʱ֮䣬Ļԭսĳӷ׷ױ̬ǿ֧˺
̸Ĭٽ硣˵ףҲֻǻڳɱǶѣ˵Ǻͽ²һȡ
ʵ۵ɫ΢죬е㿺ܵעŵµĳӡʵҲ֧˲̸֮󣬱һվҷҴߣԶ޾ô˻Ϊһջѣ
ӽҲЦŵͷӳʵ۵Ļ£²Ҫֻһ·ǾͶūҪܴУΪɱ¾ôۡ²Է䵽ȥ޽ͲվΪԼ
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̸ӽôһ˵󲿷ĳӵʵİ壬ôˡ
ӽһ£תϵɶͼҲôġ
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ָǰֺʹ˻϶֪йͼ֣·ΧȻҲͲƫȥ
ӽôһ˵Щ֪ĳˣô˺Ǹļ绹ɶĴţ֡
Ļڵĳʵۡʺжȴ֪ӽ˼ɵöǴϲ
еԺϽӽǸöʲôҲǺöô
ӽʣ΢΢һЦһֺɫʯͣڡ
ûӽ˵꣬ͻȻԭʯͰ
·ӽˣô֪ʯͣ
ʼӽӣ֪еʣͽ͵Ϫ̸оᵽʯ࣬ڵ˴ش
ôһ˵ӽҲˣʯͲΪûãοʼѾռˡԼһʱǵãΪҲԽأ
ɶ⻹һԶ׼ļֵͲӽ˵ˣ
ӽ΢£ûǽһµĺãͶԳʵ۵£ֻҪ¾ıһֱУܺͽ²ҰսĲһ࣬ôɶ⡣һõĿˣﺣվ֮󣬾ո
ԣԣԣʦ˵²ǿȥûϣˣ˺̸޾ѣҲ¾ıֵףʵ˱̬Ȼֵ֮²ˣʦҴΪ²̸֮˺ݼʲ䣬˵ͱ²ˣ
ʵ˵ԣôڡūһ̸ֽԸۣһͼıݣ̸ܺճɲɣһź塣
ʵ̫һ⣬Ǹˣ̫ѾŬˣǻᡣɴ˶Ͼ²ڲĲͬߣѽ²šһ轨²ӵʿ
̫ʱҲùɡ
ڶһ磬Եİ˰ӽֽˣū̫ĵڶС


692 Ϻֶ
Ѳ¬౨гƣ²ʷͽԸԸͳʽֵ֮֮֡˫УҪʿŸۿڣ²ʹá
²ʱʾ˵ͣԺͬΪķԵ
вʣӣ֮֮ݡ
Ϊ֮ǰ²Ӳˣǹٸͬ⣬Ҳͬ⡣˳ʹͰѲ棬ָ
ʵۿ֮΢΢Ц²ǳ˵Σ֮ȥʣԼϳͲҪô
ͬʱҲпʦ˵öԣūȷʵСд򲻹ļ󣬾Ҫͣ취ȥܱ߹ϵѰ̺ʹķ
ʵаū죬ȴūȥн
֪ͨڸӽ֮󣬱Ѳ˻ظȷ߳ʹԽ²̬ʲôóʹģѾռ˺ݣҪȡв²α˽²֮ȥʡ
ӽԳʵ۵Ļظûһʱ¾׼ʱڣ˳񿵵λĽί齨˽ίĸ߼쵼
г񿵵ĹΪָ֪ͬλָʹ֮£ҲеʥȨǶԸֻϵϼ
̶һҵʱ䣬񿵴ӽУξָ֪ͬǨٶȳ֮ΪٶҲݣڱۺͬʱίϽݾһ±
ûȥӽίְȫΣȥһί
Щ飬ӽʱֻ֪齨֮󣬴ԽһЩ򣬾óԼȥˡ
ӽԼڿһܻ顣Աǳʵۣڸ׸ʣᶽжָʹԼָ֪ͬ
ֻӽѵϵĽԵף˹֮⣬жˣΣ
һɳʮˣǴ˸ĺ֣֥ˮʦҲˡĿǰΪֹʮϵˡ񹧾ػش
ӽûΪڵһУ˵ӽġҲΪԼ˺ƼԵʣԼĶͷ˾ƽʱҲûΪѹԼ
ӽüͷһ壬ϵϵʮ˿ˡ漴ʵеԵ׵λΣ
΢еΣػصʱֻ̫̣СͷĿѡϵѡҪӮúͷĿΣҪٹС
ɲУҪӿȣԵںеӰСӽҡҡͷҪ
ʵ˷ԸԵڵҪһǽίѡΡͽˣһԵ׺̽ǵҪȫС
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ӽתʵ۵£ڶҪӿٶȣǰΪԵṩԮʹǼӦеòС
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ʵۿӽ΢΢ͷͬǾôɣ
ӽһ£˵ʱǰĽҲҪѵռ鱨ĹҪʱ򣬺ͺеԵϣǵ񡣡
ЩѾѡѵþɳȥˡû˵Ȼش
ӽҲν˭شͷʾ˽֮󣬾תʵ۵£ȺҶǺҴͿֱӳ⣬Ϊ⽨޴ͨˡ
ƻеİǳʵΪԼĶ׼ŵģġĻѶҪһЩطҲĶӡ
Щط϶֮أҲΪ⵱еȥСܵĵ̣Ǻܺ˼ǳһЩʣʹô˳ذЩطռˡȻǵʵҲ߱С
ˣӽǿʵӱϻɨʹȥֵĲԺ󣬳ʵ۵İͬ⣬ԸʵС
ӽڽ֮еʱԭȫ԰ѺĴ󲿷ֶ𡣵ȴֻ˺ˣ˴󲿷ֺýԵ׹᷽ߴ㣬ΪʵʩֶǵĲҪ
ʵΪȷǵľڴƿ֮УַԸжҲɳӡ
ǲعģ϶ڴڼǵȻ󲨡
͵͵֮󣬾ɢ¡
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693 ˵Э
ʦǵܶʦʵһӽ֪
ӽһһ㣬Цŵúܿأ
ʵҲЦЦȻ˵ްںˡʦ˵δñȽ׵
ӽʲⷽרңʦҲųķ˳ʵ۵һʱӽʲô뷨
ӽ֮ǰΣŲæش£ŵ˶ҴʵҲûʲôġ֮ԱȺ˹أֻΪûк˵ʵǿѡǣǴܰǵѺõĿˡ
ʵ۵ͷν֮¼еı֣ܿǵˡʵȻٶ˿ӽʦ飬ϤΪã˵
һǰǰŵһ꣬ʵ̫ˣҪǼ۲С
ӽ˵óʵЦҲ˺óһŸǱȴ򷢽лӻ硣
ڶǴĹ˰ŵ˱شɷɴ˹
ӽ˵ʵ۾ЦѵʦҴԱŵġ
ӽһ֪Լû˵ףͲ£ָˣҲɴԱǸʲô»ᡣ
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ʵû˵ֻ΢΢ͷʾ⡣
ӽͽ˵ˮʦѧõĽ̹٣˹̡սĹҲҪ˹ָ
ӽ˵ô˵Ҫ֮ǰ˵Ĵ֮𡣳ʵ۾е㵣ĵʵʦ˶ҪܴӦô
ӽһЦŵǰ֣ǿǿĺ³ţǻúÿġҪȻҲñ̾ȥ򼸷ڵǿ
ʵ۲ɵҡҡͷʦˡ
ȻֻҪܴӦǴŸۿó׵Ȩޡڶڣֻ˺ʹĻ㹻ʹǺԵڲ˵ĲͬȻҪһ㡣
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ӽԼ󣬾ƨɣԸȥɶˡ
ʵ۾Ͱóͳ飬һЩϸ֮󣬾Ϳʼ̯ơ
ǰȥֵ̾ϰιۣڷĺĴಢϰ֮ʹߣҲǰܶʿ·ҲΪԾ
Ǹʱ򣬰ܶȨСֻܹܰžӶѡ仰˵ʵֻһ˾ѡ
ҲΪˣһ۾ͿڱʹõĻҪᣬҲҪáɵĽֱֻ֮࣬ڡ
ʮӶʮǰǴڣڷ˹Ӵڡ
ʿ·Ҳû⣬ûͬ
ӽɶ˵֮󣬵İΪʲôȥҲƲ
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͢ʿ·Ҳ׳ӽĽΪҪ֮ʱûеõ𸴣˵Ҫذܾ֮
ʵнƽҵĵ͸ʿ·Ҳһޡڻû𸴣ֱʹͬʱܴӭ
Ȼ˾ô̫̣һҪ촬ѵˮԺˮʦһǿֻܸٸĻˡҪǲӦĻ˵Ǻ˵³ˡ໹ֻǵһˮʦǿʱѡ
һջͬ˴Ҫ


694 
ɶʢ̫յĴ֮ȻĴ׼леʧ
ΪڵĴ˵õĴʩϢȶɹΪȥĵҶġѰ̺ʹķٶ¾ʱС
ȥսܿʼı֪Ѿʧ˺ܶࡣȻͨӶŮֲȱʧɹŰϲ̫ףսѾ½˲١
ڵĻ̫ѾӻˡˣȻһߴź̸ţһ߻ս׼Ҳֻţׯ䲼˴ɺһ·þӡ
ӽӵ촬ر˵²ţׯ䵷ͷͶʯ֮ȴֻһЦ
ò¾ţׯβԶڽ²̽Χ£¾½ϰȻ
Ȼûͷʩ¾еĳӪϰ˺ܳʱ䡣ӽȴʱ䣬һʱ´
²̽ر֮˲پΪڣͷβι¾Ӫ´Ḷ́ȴֶԴ¾޿κΡ
פţׯūǶҹ͵Ϯ˼¾Ӫأ¾ӪرɺӣɺϵĴΪڻַɭϣԲĵţ½²ͽȻʧ˱ѣȴû̵һô
Ҳ̫һᵽ¾ڴţׯ仺ƽ¾ûһ취
ӽɺţׯǰʱ򣬺ȻӵɺϿ촬棬˵ţׯĽ²ڳ롣
ӽһϱ߱ٿ»顣Բگ˵ǲý²ͣҰսȨҪСڽ²סҾǰţׯЩͶʯȥҹҪҵκʵĵطҾ
گû˵ֶܱԾʾˣүý²ˣ׷ɣ
ӽһЦȻ˵д⣬ЩͶʯΪ˶ԿҾĻڣúܴ󣬳϶ܲ㡣ǰ׼ЩͶʯ
ôһ˵گվֱ壬ү
ʱӪѾȫϽ¾ˣگǰڵĶ󣬳Ϊ¾ͳ죬ֱӽ
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˵װݷǹ֣ҲֻĹؼλӶ˻ߣжϲûܵӰ졣
Ӫܿѿһӣ¾гֱĽ²
²ûϵ¾Ȼǵڶţׯ䣬¾ǰĽ²Ҳֻǧѡ
ڶɹʼľȺͻ֮󣬴ǿϲ²ԳӪΪȻǸڹǣⲻԼô
ǣһ˿ɱţׯ䣬һ߿ʼ֯
²ûзֱӾɳжԳ塣ţԳ壬϶ܴɱ
Ϊ¾ȶȡȨûȽ²ᵽ¾ͳ嵽˽²ǰ
ֻ¾׷ѸųɶŶУǹ֡
硱ǹһ죬ȳɹ͵ˣԾƹ档
սĲֻôһǧˣԴԴϵس˹ǹԽԽʹý²û˭ǹϳ塣
Ϊǹ϶һλεǹͷǹǼȿܵǹʹ˵ûרŷĳǹôǹֲˡ
˵棬ʵǶû͵Ĳ׷ɱܵľҲֺϷһ͵ĲͲʹˡ
²ʧһֻ֮ӻȥˡ
Ľ²óҪʵĻδź͵ʱǳϣٴγĻᣬԱĻᡣ
֪룬͸һϣ
ֻֿʼ²߳Ľ²ȴǺް취ֻس
ΪӪѾıҲûǸˡ
²ߣĲگƫɺذֱ彨²˾ķ
ӽųӪҲӿٶȣţׯ䡣
ҺڵĵѲ֮ǰɶʱŢӪٶȺܿ죬ţׯǰ
űȻҲǴһæһ׼ɺ֧ԮʱȴԼõǧֻʣǧ࣬Ǳӻء
ӻĽ²ر˵ǧ·ͼϾţׯͨݵ·
һҲܲĳӪ漴תȥ֧
ӽٳٲ²˹֪²ӦȥҲگ鷳ˡ
ôģΪگǧٶݷǹֻ֡Ҫɣ²Ϊˡ
Ҫگľӣ²ҪôԶ俪گǹҪôò
ڶԲگвֻн²ͶʯǹֵĻ˫̲࣬ĻǹȻȹҪǿװݷǹֵǰ棬Ҫ²ֻп޵ķݡ
ӽٴӪӿٶȣҪҧס˵Ľ²ý²ЩͶʯ


695 ĸ
Ŵû߶ԶͿǧǧų˶УԴǰƽ⻹һǧҵϣƴͻ׼
ȵǰ潫һˣæȥӣĻǹҪ俪ǵУͻȥ
ʵ˵Ҳˡǰ浹Ųսʬ壬ȻǱûǹġЩǰļţвʿϻż֧ȴһ㶼ûǰ
üͷнеͶʯǺ俪еĺöǶ̫أڻڳͷС
͵һüͷһ棬漴ȥͷȡJҪ졣
JǸĶ²һģܿ͵ǰߡ
ʮJѲˣ߸JһţҲǿһš
򵱼ɳİΪһųJȷ棬Ŀľ׼һٰΪͷ˺͡
ֻҪ˺ͣĻǹ־Ǳ³ˡ
֮ô룬ҲûġΪһΪ²ı֣ǰһģΪսɱǿʿ䡣
ƽʱȫоƺȣԣֻսսʱഩףӼףףףˣΪ²ļ⵶ؼʱ
ڶĻǹһսΪ㣬ֻҪʿɱķݡ
ĲӣװǵĻǹͷ϶װλεǹͷȻܾ߱һĽǰǲһġ
аǹֵĽսһΣΣΪĻǹڽսܴӮ
ʵΪڵн²ôΪġǶԶ϶ǽ²ֻͨҪĻǹֲҲռϷġ
ɶΪǿĻںϬĻǹѣ˻֮⣬ɶ
н²Ĺʶ仰˵²ҲĻѡ
öڵĻܾͲôˣΪţͷڼʶĽսϧڡ
گͨԶѶĲؿߡһ֪²һС
ʱҲǰ˺
Ϊʱе˶Ϊǹˡ˺רŵѧڣһݷǹĴɱ֮ûǹƽʱľǴɱʱ˾ãǶһ١
ϴţͷսʼѾ֤˻ǹɱ֮Ҫԡ
گ׼ӦԽ²ĳJս
һӶӵĽ²һƶǽ棬ʼƽȴûһ㣬ǰ
еԾǸʲô飬Ȼӭϡ֧ԽԽҲ룬ľ׼
²ڰļŹֹ˾룬ʼùʱ䷢ˡ
ԭɡһεĶкȻ˵ˡΣȻ²ĳJȥ
²İͨJķ϶ܿͿķӦźһҲ˳JʼͳӴս
źʱЯķɸ֮Ͷӭȥ
ǰһЩҪλжطȴвٱɸϵĲλ׷׵ء
򿴵ϳЦݣŽĽսһߵɱˡ漴Ӹϣ֧
ɻû˵ǹæ̧ͷȥ
Ȼڳʱ򣬾ͱܱ߿ǹ֮ľ룬ǰϴٶĿףҲסǦ
еİûӳеͶеˡЩڳ²֮ǰһСξʱ򣬺ȻȻǰɱ
ڽɱ֮ǰһ˷һǹͰһٰòˣöĸζۡ
һֱĻǹôվŵּʶܱܱߴǹˡһٰеľôûˡ
ҧҧӸϣһٰ֧ĻᣬҲֵˡ
ı仯ϣֻм䲿ֵɱ֮⣬֧˼ŶУŽ²ĺӾͿ𣬽ض˽²飬һΪˡ
ѹϣܵǰͷΣⲫ˫
ؿĴʿ䱻ԮȴΧ裬岻ȥ
ۿǹɵǸһСͣϴʿ֮зйһգ۾ʹ̵һʿ䣬ɱѡʲôʱĻǹȻôǿĽսˣ
׻˵©ƫҹꡣ󷽾ӪҧסͶʯӣԮ


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ûǸŵģ۾Ͷǰֻ֧ڵڴɨսŵĴʿ䣬һǹȥ
ÿһȥͷ·ڶС˫ԱȣǹĽⲫ²Ȱ
Ȼָսɱһһĵ
ʵϵǿ󣬲˵ûа취Ե֧ҵ˰취ǿ֧ԼҲǳء
̫ʾ֭ϳ˰ҪԼһ˵㡣Ǿȥͷ֧ˣŰԼƴ꣬ȴ̫ƨɡ
뵽ɫغݺ˿Ȼ
ʹһ£ȻеɻѵӣͶʯô죿
û뵽ѣȴ˶Ŀ⡣ʹŵһ飬֪ôˣæǰȥ֪ͨ
Լľӣصʬ壬ƿĻǹӣһ̵ˡ
گûȥ׷˽²ѴﵽĿġɨս֮󣬾˺ϡ
ʱӽѿͷ¼ͷԱɺϵĴж
گһŽɻͶʯԳЦ£ЩҲ̭սˡ
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ӽһеʵôⲫˣ
ⲫӽ¾ô̵ʱô
ǵģүگشһ䣬ȻͰѾӽϸػ㱨һ顣
󣬲گп˵ĩǰ²İ׼ױͷëү˼ĩȻ°׼ױˣֻûееù׼ױ£Ҫ̡
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ӽˣһЦȻ̧ͷյʱڽԺ󽫻ǻ£±ؽֻʷļС
گһһЦү˵̫ˡ
ӽˣگƨϽɻߵĽ²ҹոȥô
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ӽתͷɺϵĴӣôʣҪжһˡǣӪʹţׯˡ
˵СںݣÿնȥѲǡҪСȴжӾľ顣ǵ⣬ܿͺصĹϤ
ӽӰ죬ûаڼӡôһб£ССܵ˹µһϲ
һգѲӣֵʿһ𣬶ųפǧ²ͷ㡣
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һʱ֮䣬ͷ£˵ע֧ɳ۶
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Ҫ˵ˣҲ¾ܺʿһûģΪ˿ĺˣ常˵ἰʱͶȻἰʱ
ʿ䶼ͷͬ˵ǵУȴϣ˰ɣ
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֧зֳ˼ʿ²Ӫһ˺󣬳ͷִӪеĽ²ȻʼӪˡ
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ǣ˸Ͻɱ٣ߵ֪
ٴҴҸϵͷʱ´ӪеĽ²ҲѾΡٸϽԶϸϸ۲죬ֽ²ߵüΪæöණûɴߡ
漴ַҹգ׼ȷ˵¾ҹա
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ҹվ͵ڽ²Զ·ݳʱЦͷ֡·ڳ򣬺ͳͷϵͬкȥˡ
ݳϷ˺ˣǻˣѽ²ˣ
Ҫ˵ݳڵ˲˺ǼٵġСںݣÿ¾ҹճڳʱһĲ
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697 ҪҰս
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ݳһ±ûϲصأʱĺݰԼʿ䣬о˺ݳڴˡ
ǿһʽУ˵еĲֿʱǸ̤ʵʵûݵġ
ϣӽټٺͺοɸٿᣬСϲվӽ
֮󣬽²кζôӽеʵ
ϴһ˿΢Цػشӽغү²˴ͶʯֻһιǡĴһѵûҹˡŲ˴ӪӺݳǶѡ
ӽһЦáʷϣ²Ҳǿ˺Ĵں󺺼ȥ֣ŶԴļγв
ڣûȫԼƻˡкĴڷصļǣֻǿá
ٺͺοɸ˵֮սķͣҶˡվ;ۼȫʿ
ٺͺοɸһϲ
ǰȻǹ͢Ϊصľ񣬿ҲҪһ֮ģͲŻᲦһЩڶǲ飬˺͸㶨顣
ӽһ֮󣬲ҴǧӪʿ䣬ںݣǿǵʵ⻹ǧݷǹӦĵҩǴӹѡǧս֮ʿ໻װ
ھӪݷǹٺͺοɸʹˡ˵ǵҲ䱸Ƚݷǹһϲ
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ӽⷬȻ˺ܿΪľΪ飬ʹٺͺοɸٽŽɵġ
ӽ֪گܶе㻳ҲֻͣҪúɣȡⳡսܶ㹦ͣѾ
ǣү˴Ӧһɻ󣬵̬Ҫġ
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øһ˳ɵȷϵʲô˵ǰǹֽսûӮ
ҲţǶ˵Ȱøһɡ
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ں̸Ĵ𸴣һҧҪ·ߵһ͹ֲԼΪ˴δĺһѡ


699 ·²
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ûӽƾմԽҪľ棬λܡ
ãʦԡҲᴫּ·߾ֻҪʿһս´󹦣ͳӪܾӪĴʵûԥͬӽ顣
Ȼ˵ʿ䣬ָЩװݷǹǱ߾ˡ
ڶ²ϣӽĽ飬ʵ۵׿ϣ˾ͻᳪˡӽǻڲ¾ıǮõڸͻ˶û˵
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Ӫ¾ĸı࣬ɲگӽԼȴ˵˷⽨ϡ


700 ֺֽ
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ٲһЩԼӺѧľ飬еĴʩɲᡣȻӡڰ˽Ӵѵ̲ıˡ
طѽӵʥּԼ׵ʦɳԼΪεļҳʼѵΡ
ȻӽѣûԼ̡ȽӴѡ˼˲ĵطԱʦ
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Щķ˵־ģ֪ΪԺܴһƬĽɽҲӽ̹ٵķԸ
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ӽһǰһ뵽һӣԼĥһ£ȻӦԪʵֺ賯ĪΣ
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ʦô׬Ǯʵһ⣬æʵ
ǣ򣬴ǹŭԹľʧΪֹȻаԲһعΪǱס
ӽһóʵ۸˵ѿ죬Ц·Ѿֺ»ص˴ĻȻԽֺΪأԴԴϵɳ
ӽһ˵꣬ʵ޵ãããϴͶ¡
ȵȣ£뵽һЩӽȻ
ʵһʱֹͣ˶ӽڴԴһЩö
һᣬӽЦŵ£뵽ˣȻֺֽǾһݣռЩڽĵ
ʵһæ׷ʵôռ
ǰвĪþƣ֮ʱȥܱߵĹңռԽ࣬ʱջصĹԽࡣӽЦŻش
üıʵ̲סһ䡣
ӽе㲻˼ЦЦȻѵ£ֻһ뷨Ҫ飬ǺѶȵġҪͽɳǰֺС
ʵ۵ͷȻʦʤ۱򰡣
佱һӽʵϴּжԼǰ¡


701 ױ
ӽ˹ţĻ͵͵ֺֽ֮ǰļ죬ԶֱκسǣһˣԼʮ£Ҵڽš
ϺþòЩ춼ȥˣ·һ˿λ糾͵ˣк
Ϻк£˴к¶ӦЦݣҴһݶѡ
˵ҲܶԷͣྣԸҼߡ
˼ˣ΢е죬֪´ҴææǸҡҡͷҲæԼȥˡ
ûʱ䣬¾ͻصԼſڡֻһ˼ңųţΧǽа䣬¶Ļࡣ
һԼţתѲˡ
ˣԺиʮ񣬿¾к
ûӵʺֱʵأ
ݡ
ţ˽ţ֪ͨһ¡·Ըһ䣬ͼݶȥ
һƿţһߡݵĺ£æզ
֮󣬿¶Цݣ;ϲ׷ʵģ
ϵЦݲϣͷȻתѷϣ˨
Űϵһӣӹϱݹһˮ๾ࡱھͺˡ
س˿Ȼϣվǰȴϱ˵ȥ˸ǣۼЩ˽׹ľʿǶ˵Ӣ˺·㣬Űܽ²ﳯ͢ھʦ˸оодо˵одףⲮˡ
ϱ۷Ź⣬׷ʵǽϵأ
Ҿȥ˽ϣݡ򽭺Ӧ츮ȷʵ紫˵ң˺ƽϢˣȻͿʼ촬ڹٸʾȫоϴĻܽط;ʦоһش
ϱһ±е㻼ûʧе岻ʵҪҪ洫ͼֽ׸͢ȥ
ԭԣеĶΪȷһԶţȥ֤Եʵԡ
ȷϢڻ·ѾˣطʵΪʲôף͵͵Щͼֽгһؼա˵γ͢ǶģҪؽˮʦҪΪõʹͣ˵ܽǾʦоǼңǺӣĪĺô
ϱܻõĺôԺķӣԺΪӵĻ·ϵЦݣƲסð˳
ǰӻʵŴθϿУҾͽˡŶӵĳ󣬷Ƿ顢ȡϱҪöǮ֪ȥ
ǰ˵Щ󣬺˼룬ϱ洫ͼֽĴڡ
һϼƣ;Ƿ紫˵Ϊ⽫Ǹıҵı˵Ļᡣ
ȥţҪ˽·ԸһȻӿվϱվ˨ķŴ󣬲ת¹
̽¹Ȼ海˰죬һвгһᡣ
Ȼ߻ؿߣѾһšгһ̵ֽ˿ϡ
ϱվǣŲϿϧֲ뿪ţͻȻŶ룬Լҵıߡ
һһŵطһ飬ŷƵͼֽᷢһ̾ٶ˰Ҫؼˡ֮飬Ҫ֪ôһĻҲð˴ղЩͼֽˡ
ϱ̯ͼֽǱ߸пɵе㼱ˣСشߵҪûĻ͸Ͻɣ
µϱѣ㲻ٸ̾¾ͼֽػؾС
ؾڿͷϼһٵ飬ʰǰʦ
ڶ죬ʰһЩЯϸһţȻŶӣˡ
ʣֻȥʦݡ
һգʵۺӽԼԱ鶨˽ֺ֮¡ɶǣͷΪͽϰ´ǰϺ͹أʼƶõļƻ
ӽͳʵΪ˶˿ʱӦǺȻ
ʵۺ֮࣬Ը
ӦһĻ˺Ҳкͨ죬˷֮ɫʵ£аսıͼֽǧϵıͼֽ
ӽ֮ǰѾ֣֥ռ֪ʶֻ֪İϵսʹֻͼֽʧ͵˵ǧϵıͼֽһʱ֮䣬Ȼסˡ
ʵҲ͵شվӦȷʵǧϱͼֽ
ǣӦͷȻóһᣬ˫ֳϡ
һߵϾʹӦнӹᣬתʸʵۡ
ʵۻһżģӾгһͼֽ̿
ſţüͷ


702 ֵ̾
ԭʵ۴ͼֻֽһ͵ͼֽЩͼֽ
̧ͷӦǵͼֽǷ󣿡
Ӧæش״ͼֽİ˵ϾĴͷͼֽ٣˽Բһڼξ䣬ңǨ˴סμ͢־ˮʦ˳
Ӧ˵ʱͼֽѾӽСϸؿ˿ԼҲɵõûЩͼֽôѶ
ӦһЦŽ͵ÿ˵ϰ߶һͼֽĴ󲿷ݣƾֻͼ֮˲ס
ӽˣüͷһ壬ԸӦǵԺожλͼֽƵݣҪ淶Ҳ˵ҪͳһĶֻöô
ʵˣ֪ӽռǱ׼ƵĸҲ϶ҪصץԲܺӡ
ǣ¡ӦǴӦһ
ӽʣӦȷϵ΢ǧϵĴôڣ
˵Ǵڵġ¹ٲˡ־롶ϴǡмرݣȷʵǧϵġӦǿεģϾоݵػش
ӽں֣оͨѶĻ֪ҲӦ˵飬ϴϾԭַų֮ʮһ׶㣬ձйΪһ£ܵóǧϵĽۡ
ҪɺĵλԼΪʮףˮԼΪǧ֣ԼΪһǧ֡
ŷķΪϾţһ꽨ɣˮҲֻһǧٶ֡ӽں֪Щ󣬲ɵøпڵǻۣúΪԽҲΪԲ
ڣԻ͵ĺѹٶ꣬ܶණʷ֮СʵҲӽһôӴĸܷ
ǣʵټͼֽ֮˺£һ󣬱ǣͷȽһǧϵıܳɹôʹȻͲڻ¡
ӽϽǳɫ磬͹ȥ˱̾֡
һ̾ӡ̫෶ӽʵݷǹҪʱӰ˶²ս¿ɲá
һЦһӽڣһ߻صүģʥּ£ۼһҪʱɡۼѴӴصǹڽڴݷǹģǰǷࡣ
ӽͷˡ
˵ʵݷǹڻǰĹգɡαԭƻҪһ֦ݷǹӽ浱ıֽ̾˻߽˻ء
˵Ĺģڴݷǹͷ˲١
ڷͬ£ιݷǹĽ˶ȫݷǹһĲ
ι֮ڱִ̾ºȲ衣
ԺоӶװݷǹǾ޴ġ㻹취ĽݷǹղСӽѷ
ԴԤϣӽôһ˵һ¿ִһ˿ϣʵ˺ʲô뷨ָۼҰɣ
ӽЩ뷨Ż˵ʣҲûУǸѣЩˮ档ȥιˮ೧ͲǱ߾ˮġ
һ£ֵҲ¹ˣһЩˮľ顣پоԺԺ΢ӦǣҲʶˮӦãǺϼƺϼƣ˵ջġ
Ϊ˸ѹӽ˵ݷǹǲ¶ģò꣬Ϳܱ߹ңǺܸߵġ㲻ûɣ͢ѾҪģǹٶ׬Ǯ
ʱоѹɽд⣬һҪúøĽݷǹա
ÿү̸ͻһջ񡣺үѧʶû˵ģŴĴָһƨ˹ȥ
ӽˣϺȻһֹŹֵЦݣ÷С⡱һһá
Ȼ˺ͿҪˣпҲоºװҩݷǹܸܲ
ƿԣ˺һŵү⣬ôܣ
ʲôܵģҸ㣬һǿԵģҽƣҲչġֺܴŵݷǹʹģӽһ˵һ߻ѧŷղŵӣ˴Ĵָ
Ҫ˵͵ĻʵѾвˡǲģٶĹҲӶࡣһֱûǨɳռű̾ӡ̫λãΪλúܼ
ӽôõĽҲ֪˺Ӳƭˣ΢ԥһ󣬱Ӧ׼һоǹо˺Ҫ


703 ˮ·
Ѯһˮٵ޽ϡ
ϲѶʦӽ֮£ʵ۾ǰʦˮٵ㣬ʽļʡ
һ賿ʦվ𴲣ڳŴſȥʽ
磬ôҲˣ׳ߣ˲Զ̼Ӱ
Ϊֵ̫࣬أֲ̼û׳ʻ
ǣ׳תͷߵİӵңҴȥ
˵꣬ƣӲǼֵ̼ߡ
ףҲ˰ֿ̼׳Ͱӣ;ʵ
ǰҸλհ»ϵݡ׳Цŵ
̼һ¶ӵ뿴շѰɣǿ˲·ġ
ڱˣЦŵУСҪˮ·ҲҪιۡ磬Ҳһɣ
˭֪̼ȴҡҡͷҪΪƤʵ֣ɹ˶ˡҶ˼ȥżҿڣ׬Щɹ˵ȥ
׳ˣ磬Ժ˵׬Ʊˣھʦз
̼һЦǰ㻹˼أô͸Ŀڵô졣
׳Լĺף΢΢е㲻˼صǵΪͨбǰھ˼Ѿпˣг͢ʼпʱһ֤磬ҺͶĵڶֻҪ˼ˣͭǮһŲҪʵ̫鷳ˣ
ֽĺô˶˵áȻڱֵ⣬˭ֻȥ鷳ҪĽҡ
̼ЦЦɹ˶ѾϾ˼ˣҸղҲֻ˳ˣ˵׬ȥ
̼ģرó׵ģǾֽ㡣ֽˣֻǳµϰ⣬ӵĳƺ
磬㶫ǹˡȥżҿڣˮ·ǮӼлᣬֵ̼
̼ҡҡͷսӣΪʽΪʲô
ΪʲôӺʵ
׳ҲͷԴ˹ȥ㡣
Ϊ˸ĹԱҪȨı˽ǿɱˣǰվЩٵĵԼҿõһá
̼˵ֲ͢ѾּжԺרŶݣ˭ҪռС˵鷢ǰȥٱٱ⣬һ֧·ӣѲ·ͬʱҲ󳵣ǷнǮ
㶫Ҳˣ׳ڵ
̧̼ͷ׳ûصΪҶô֪أΪһ·Ǯͱӣ
˵תͷΧûע⣬ٴѹٸ͸¶һܡ
˵ſˣȺŵȺһ·ӵš
̼Ҳû˵ȥռλˡ
ˮ·λãѾǱ˾ı쿪ʼվˡ
ֻˮ·ڵıһӣշԱʱЪϢ֮õġ
ˮ·ܿмһ͹ߣͬ
ֱܲ󳵣⻹һߵ·֮Ϊе
ڳʻĿ·棬һһӣ
˵ǹͶǮõģÿĹ·ǹ̶ģҪˮ·ԸǮڵ·רԱļල֮£ǮͶȥܵõһ֤ͨ
ȻˣǮŵģԿײרԱУרűܡ
ÿֵڵʱ򣬾ͻ˶еǮרԱе֤ͨҪ߷Ŀſ¸ڣȲ裬Լ
ָ̼λϸϸ˵һ׳Ϊ֮̾ⷨӺðȥ˽ס
ҡҡͷҪ̰ôûءǲĿ˺רԱϻͿ̰еǮˡ
յǮǹϵ·˵棬׳һص⻹˵ã
ֵ̼һҡҡͷ飬Խ֪ԽáҪ˵һ̰£ջܸߡרԱùͶǮͶٵǮͻץסѱʱʷһͻ¶ڡͨʷ˵᲻й˲ˬǣֱȥٱһٱǲһ군ˣ̰ķ̫ߡ
Ӻ׳ͷ׷ֹܵĻƻǴǰһȫ̰ˣǮŶá
һᣬ׳һ£æֵ̼磬ղŲҪһô
һҲæ̼֣֪̼˵ôأ׻ʲôܡ
ֵ̼׳ѣż¡
սλܣһȻڳѲˣ仹ûʱ䣬ӦҲͨˡôȲҪ⴫
̼ôһ˵׳Ǻ棬æ֤һȻ׷ʵ磬ʲôܰ


704 
ǻǵǰӣӽѺʦЩôϾ֮ץЩֵ̼ʵ
ӵͷҲǵشǵãкöˣôˣ
Ŷһֱûˡ׳еɻص
ֿ̼λܣԵøأִսһ㣬͵ǽᱻ͢ź⡭
⣿׳û뵽ŵȥɾ
һæ׳ֱۡ׳æ̧ͷЩˡ
һлظ˵Դִյһ𡣰ʵ磬ôŵȥأǰǴδйİ
ǲǸˣ׳Ҳɵ
ֿ̼һۣ֪ǲšΪʱҲš
Ҫŵ⣬Ժһһź⣬ụ̂һ⡣ֽ̼һԵ
׳ǵãҴСʵˣ
飡ֵ̼ᶨش
һСҵ޳ɵ͵
׳֪Ϊĸұ²ŵ飬ΪŰĺʹޡ˰һۣȻֵ̼˺֮⣬Ҳɱ˷ŻʮôҲֻźѣ
ֵ̼ͷʾʵúãȻشΪźĳͷôеĻиʹ졣Ҹ㣬ź⻹ֺöֵģǷһʱĿۣصǿ۵
׳еȻɵصⲻǲô
Ȼһˣܴģŵĵص㲻ͬԵÿͲͬڴž֪ô࣬˶ã͢ƾͻṫˡֽ̼͵
׳ʣԶже˶Ǳ߿ȥҲֻж̸һˡ
ֻʦŴ˺ܶǱ˾ıһֱŹһͨЩʿ䶼࣬һվñֱ
ڸͷͶԺŵĸ߼ԱȳŶһֱˮ·ļʵ㣬λߵվá
߻ûŴͳӽУξڴ󺹽֮󣬱㿴ݡ
꣬꣬꣡ȳʵһ˶ӣغ
ӽûǲЩȽڡѵóᣬԸڼұ档СһѾᷭԼ˼ˣĺܡ
ʵѵóܺáǴһֱ쵽Զƽˮ·Ȼվϯ̨ǰ̳һѼӣŮǣ˸ʴųʵۼ
ʵۿһǰĲʴﲻֹʦ˵ôܲԴ
ûϼ̧ͷڳĸ߼ԱΧ۵İգȻ죬Ǵһˮ·޳ɲͶʹáҲ˵ѵѧʼʵʩϣڲõĽ޵񣬶ܶʶ֣Ϲ
ʵ۵Ļɴ󺺽ݿ֮Χ۵İղȷϣԭ˵ѵѧġ
һʱ֮䣬˶ˡرЩҾõİգǼ쳣
Ҫ֪Ǹʱ򣬶Ǯ˵顣
ͨһ˼ңҪ飬ϺѡȽϺã˽ӣ˵ȥѧһ¡ҲǰһҪ峤ġѧɣΪ
Щƶ˼ң붼ˣôȥ飬Լˡ
ڲͬˣʵ۵˶ˣһǰ϶޸ĵ顣
Ҳ֪˭ȴͷ˶ȥرǵӵ֮⣺꣬꣬꣡
ʵóղһ֮ǰҪǿҡֿöˡвɵú㣬Ļʵۣ̫гɾ͸ˣ
֮󣬳ʵۼˮ·棬Ҫʶõġ˭ҪǸˮ·棬Ҫֵģ޾Բǻ׹ݣĹѫһϳͲ
˵Ҫ֮ڣ£˶֪á
ٹڳҲиѣҪ˼
ڵĳʵۣӽĿ֮£ףǿĸ˲š˲ŵԴǹǡ
ʷϣӢȹǿư磬ΪʵռĽʶʴﵽһܸߵıΪġ
ʵ˵ԼҪ˵Ļ֮󣬱˲ʴ
꣬꣬꣡ٴ˶Գʵ۵ľͶˮ·ڴԼԽӵ㽡
㣬רѡһʻˮ·㣬ͶһŴ˼ǮȻרԱݸһŷ֤Ὺʻƽˮ·Զȥ
ʵעһУаڸпһδй飬ˡ
뵽ȻʼٸӽапôĳɾͣʦڻֻһϮЩԴĹʵǶ˰


705 ҵ
ԭ·гйԱȥҪʵۻӽȥġǲԭˮ·ĵطȥȫƾԼ
һգӽھӪСȻǽĹ·һ֪ǿ϶¡
ΪС¾Ӫܣÿ˶Ҫ¾ʿѵ£һԼ
˱ʣСͰʵ£
С࿴Ȼڵ常ֶǵ常ˣֶȥ
ӽһȤʵҽˣ̽׻ǷѻǶӣ
֪ҵֱ²жзˣ˴Ӿ
Ƕӣ˳ЩСİȻش
ӽ£վСʶˣߣһȥ
һԱԼү϶ǲ칫ˣôһȥߡ˭Ϊֵ˺ȥ̽ʶ
֪ӽ뷨Ϊʷϵĳɾ͡ΪӽԼԵʣҵ켣ѾȫˡӽͷǳȥʷϵĴ˳ʵڵô
ӽ˵ҪȥңСȻţΪҸеҡ
һȺ˸߳ſڣӽȻ֣ԼȺ˴Źٷǰӵȥң̫ҡˡ
ǣַȥ˱װ³
ҵĵλһôĽϣҲԤϵõ
Ϊʦĵ̣ϡԴûдǮ̲ġرǷĵ̣Ǿ͸ˡ
ӽĴ㣬ԭ͵һģ˲Ż·һȺȥôƥģҲ϶ͨˡˣԸΥһ·˵Ŀ⣬͵ɡ
ӽɹ˰ٴ˱ţ棬Сӵȥˡ
սžʹµ常常ˡ
Ҹպڹ̨ϲ̧ͷ˹ȥȻԼĸӣԼˡ
ڵһҲ˹ȥĸӢˬꡣ
û˵ѵ常常Ҳˡ
һ㶣ȻƲˣ˹̨Ͻſӭȥ
ʱĵȽ˵꣬ռ˵̵Ľǡҿӽտţϵϥص²μү
ӽһæ˳У񡣡
ڻƣʱŷӦҲμ
ӽǺһȱһ֧첲߸첲Ųã֪ӦҲǵ²еĽʿ
ǣסǣЩȽҲϲ
ҿԼͬʱ򣬸պÿĿɿڴӣæӽȥ˺Ժ
ԭԵӵĵһֱÿտ˰󣬲֧֧ڵڵĻƵղţղŵĿ˺
һһԺص˺ǲ֪
Ҳ⣬Ϳʼ
ӽҲˣȻʵôʦ
˺ʻȻȫ̸֪ˡ
ԭ˴Ӿ֮еģСʹʦֲô͵Եˣ;ͬΪ˲оʿһȺˣǮꡣ
үڳ˶Ҵޱȵ׽ȿʹٸˣֱ׽ٱڳʽ۸Ǳˡʦ֮Ҳв١΢еԺ˵
ӽһȤô˵ǾӪģ
ҵͷȻԥµҲȫǣҲһЩ
ôӽ˳ʵ
Ҳӽǵսѣ˶꾭ӪĺûҲȽϹģңش
Ҫͨ⣬һ㶼õʵĴ𰸡˺ʣȻʵش࣬ǿ˵㣬ضε
ûӽ˵һۺȻүС˵ү£Ϊ˾˲ˡ
۵˼ԭ˺ǷҪǶС
û뵽ӽһĴȣ˵صˡ
һɵʵүɶˣ
ӽûֱӻشֻǷԸһŵʱĵЩȥ
ȻתͷԸ˰ٴͷ֪ͨ¡ˣǹɷ¡дƪǴеӢ۽ʿ˴Ӿºȴʳഴҵ
ף˺Ҫ֪ȣɵúǸмл
ӽסתƻΣ
غүةѡһҹѵɱ֮͢ݷǹֻ˲֣˺ܶʿ䶼Ŷǹӹػش
ӽصͷֶһ󣬲Ŵĵ˶Ƕȥ


706 ݷǹ
ӽ˽˵ͨ壬Ҳѵѯ
ڵõ֮󣬾ۺϿǣԱһߣݺ͵򷢳Ҫ¾Ĵ£ֶӳǵ²ĿƵػͽ²̽չСģɱԶȡҰ鱨Ȩ
Լʵ㣬ԶһЩʿȥĿľһý²ΪϹͬʱʿĵսɡ
һеĿģֻм߼֪Ϊ˸Ĵս׼
ˣɶѲԬפغݵٺͺοɸ٣ǵѲ¬ɳݷǹӣɶСģս¡
һգѼ̽ߣûù򣬾˴ʮ˵һṦ򣬱ʧڰߡ
֧¾ܱԵԪ죬°ʮ¾ʮ¾Ѳ¬֮ǰȥ֮̽ǰ˺˵Ұսڡ
֮һγôˣΪݷǹҪ˶·²̽һһŸɣ¾֮⣬˿²ЩḻĽ²̽Ķ֡
⻹һԭ㹻࣬ɵóôˡ
磬˵ǻ²̽ôһ¾ʿ䣬΢еŵԪе
Ϊ½²̽ţϾҲǴӵϱѡľôʣֻΪһζԵҪеʽݷǹ˷ܶš
ԪЦЦ²ȻѾЩĵͶʯǵ̽ȴڻһ·϶²
ãģ׬Ǯһ¾ҲЦŵ
¾ȥ굽սУѾ˶Խ²ơǵ·²ǵѫ£ֻȥժȡ
ʵܹӣΪȷʵơ
սݼ̹ı顶Ч顷Ҫ掠ѵҪﵽʮԶĵطΰΪһΪϸжʮΪȫΪš
жҪֻʮԶĵطΰΪж䡣
¾ѵӽ±Ǯѵ£ͨжˮƽΪؼǣеݷṇ̀Ͻ²Ḷ́Ҫʮľ롣
ĩṇ̀Ҫʱܸϡ
ӵļȴ˽²Сеԭʵݼ̹˵凉ʸ量ʤʸ量߲ʽϰ֮ʸõԳӡ
Ҳ˵ãѵ㣬ô量ڹ掠ѵֲ㣬ôͲ繭ᱻˡ
ʷϵḭ̃УҪ˵Щˣסȵȣеս޲ȱúܶ˶벻ףΪʲôȻС
ΪӽĴԽ¾еݼ̹ʱ兩áһݷ˻ڶǼװ˴̵
Щԭһ¾ĻҲ֮ˡ
ԪϣԼ£رЩ¾ǵֻҪٵвҪţѵװҪ׵úܣ
¾һһ˵úܡǰ¾սʱ򣬾һֱĽ¾ɱ²ɱһɡû뵽ԼҲôһ죬ɱ²ݷǹ
ȻԪϣнû·һӽ²̽ʮҡ
˫ͬʱ˶ԷԪһ档
ѷȽ²̽ˣÿеݷǹֶװõģֻҪ۰䲻׼˺ʮ֦ǹһܸɵ뽨²̽
Ҫʱҹպͽ²̽ҰϣȽ²̽࣬ҹյĵһѡҲܡ
ʱͬգڼ˽²̽ͷ·Ǽѫ£һŵľ˼ǻתܣ
֧²̽Ҳ£Ȼ˶ȴҲ壬ӭС
˵ܰٲľܴڣ֧²̽лûţˡ
˫Ǵ׼ǹĿǹ
սµʤ⣬²ʮˣ˱ãˡ
һˣԭǿսУȥˤġˣγ˼˿ڻܼоˣΪ˵ֱۣûǹˡ
ս£ԽԽķɶϡڵ²̽񣬲ǰһֻʮһӣǼʮˣϰΪһӡٳȥͺܻȥˡ
ҲΪеʱżҲ˼ڼĽ²̽ⲻ˻дܵʱ¾еݷǹͲɱ˽²С
ǣЩ²̽ɻݷǹͱһϼʢ


707 һδ˽²
ȥ˼£ū̫Ĳ鲢ûг׺תʱʱ
ݲ²⣬Ĳԭ򣬲ŻӰ쵽һֱת
ҲͼȰɹ̫˵̫ʵҲ֪ɴһһ첻̫ûĵ
Щ죬ٽļطȫ顣˵Ƶַ֧εţǰĹ͵ҲװֵĻǹ־һڴݺأĴѰҴ̽ɱ
о̫ܵһԭеɫֿˡ
ⲻˣһҩ̫޹ȥ
ڵҲžƵĶ񻯣΢˵ʲôֻ̫ҩҩ
ݿ쵽̫޹ʱ˵ǽɻĻǹ
һҩ̫޹Ǵһ֣ҩҩ˲٣ɼݵǷǳ
ӣֵĻǹҴɻˡһ޹̫бڴϿ飬̻ϲ
̫һ̧ͷʵǹģٸ
ǻǹõʵ̫ˡǹڻǹͷ˷ǳһֱǴõ˽ɻû̫βģ
ݴӦһҩݸ˱ϵһŮѾӣܡ
Ϣҩ飬ղŻĻ̫ϷԸ𴲡
̫ڴǰԲľ߸һã洫ٵĽŲݵ֮ӣǹˡ
ţͳ޹⡣
˫֧ݷǹƨƨߵܽȥ̫ˣһûע⣬Űżˤһʺ
ʵԭݵ֣ȫԱģǱݷǹΪ˱ˤԼˤһӡ
ƤأûһоҲ֪վߵ̫ǰ˫ַϵӣǹڴˡ
̫Ҳûݣֱһ֦ݷǹͿ
ҲǴˣܿͿΪʲôõܴǹˡ
ЩݷǹһͺǰɻĻǹһ֮ԶЩըŵ勵ɱȡ
ǹϣк̫֪֡⺺ֵĿģǻǹҪ⣬ҵǸǹĹ
ֿ̫˶װֽǵҩɵޣѹĻǹôࡣ
һȻ˵ض˵ߣȥǹ
ǣӡݴӦһȻվ׼ȥ١Եĺǹ
û߳޹̫һ£ַԸ˶նϣһۿ
ûʱ䣬ʢļ˶ȫϵϰһһݷǹʼͷ
Щ²ɵһ¾ѵΣû˻Ϊǵ޵Уܱȵùǹڡ
ںĿӣʵҲ֪֮˵޵УǾϲ⣬ĿĶѡ
١Ծѡļǹĺʿ䣬ڰŪһݷǹ֮󣬱㿪ʼ䡣
Զ׼ݷǹ̺ūķڷø񿴵ÿģ֮ŴЦ´Ҳлˣ񡣡
̫ҲºܸߣøĻͷһ߷Ը١Եմǹʽ󣡡
ӷģūȥ졣ӪҹϹֻǹ١æӦ
ϵƣЦ˾ջꡣŴƵĲһֱԼһ³
ںˣҲһĻˡԴʿ£ܰ²ľ档
١Ҳҵ飬Բԣæŷݷǹȥˡ
ūͿʼ۷ݷǹô⡣
̫ƾǿƣ鶨󲿷ݷǹҪʹáūǵ̽䱸һ֡
ūײĽ²һֶδս³ġ
ϧǸ˵̫ˡ
²ӪʢʱѱԼһΣʣ¼һ࣬ǼûǰЩ˸
ˣһЩ󣬻̫һǹԶԶﲻԤϣɵ÷һƢǿĿ
⻹Ҫģûã̫ͱķ֣ǴݷǹԶû
˵²ݷǹǽ²ĻҩûãݷǹЧȻʹۿۡ
Ҫ֪Ļҩ;Ĳͬϸղͬ䷽õġ
ؼǣҩԭϣǵᴿľ̿ѡϵѡȡЩˮƽǽ²ļܴﵽġ
ϵʵʱţû̫ʧûڶڽֻĴȥˡ
æһͷʵˮһնѡ


708 Ȼֺ
²ӲùӾͺùˡ
ӽʵ۴Ļһ棬ʵ۾ֱʵʦǷʲô׬Ǯķӣ
Ļڵʡϵ˶ӽõһĴ𸴡
ӽһ㶣֪ʵΪʲôôʡ£Цŵ£뵽׬Ǯӣ͢Ѿˡ֪Ϊдһʣ
ʵˣ΢΢ʧתִһ£תӽȻһ߽͵Ϸİ˰Ӽ쫷Ϯ㶫ʡʮˣﱻ͡ݵ賯֡͢
ӽһΪͷʹڴĲŸոɫô֡үֱͲ˰ȵ˴⡣
֣Ϸˮ֣غ̨磬ͨǿʢĵ·ϲһ谭
쫷£ʵҲڣǺÿҲôغʡֻ֡һε쫷ر˾رࡣ
ӽӹ£ϸϸؿû꣬ʾԴ㽹ǵʵ˺û˵ʲôԸ쫷ĺ÷ӣ
Դεģô׸˺Ǹܵļˣ
ӽ̾˿£ݸһߵ̡Ȼתͷʣź˵Ҽзӣɴûʵ֡
ʵһû˵ͼٵʵʦʲôӣ˵
ﻹŽң˵Ҳأ
ӽʵʻתͷشļ磬иĻԤܼ⵽쫷γɣ·ߺ͵ʱ䡣׼ܱشԱͼһЩʧ
˵ŷԼǰԹԤĳһ㶼׼ûʲôãҲԡԤ̨ԤϣǷǳõġ
ӽʵ۴һ˿ϣſʱֱӸˮ£ζģٻҪʱ䡣
⻰˵ñϸˣͬʱҲǳ˺Ǽ絽һʲôĴڣȻ
ʻģһ˿ϣʵ˺˽쫷ôʲôŭɣ
Ҳֹܹô룬ΪǶ޷ֻܹͣ鵽صȥ
ӽͷ͵֪һ㣬ʲôߵѹ֮ർµģΪʲô÷꼾֮ģҲ֪һ㡣ƾڴĿƼʵ޷ЧЩ֪ʶ
һ±úʧԴȻƻֻĬĬˡ
ӽʣȥʵۣǶǾɥ̬תһ˵ֻҪǴڿʼ˽ȻߴĿƼʵû취ǵĺһжԸȻ񱩵İ취
⻰ʵڣʵͷаԾڴѧռУһҪõݡ
˺ôҪҴɳʹߣǰȥȡɺãʵ̲ס˵һΪİ취
ӽֲܶԱϽֻͣõ㲻ҼԶߣ㾭žŰʮһѣҲܻŵġ
ӽҲƭΪûô١
òţ˵ʱʵ۴ʦ¾ͲҪˣڵĹؼξֵ£ӺδΪã
ʵô˵ˣϾֻðעתƻ
ֵľǲܶġֲǽǽ£ֻлеӣᶼᡣ
Ԥͽ²սľѣҲܶɶָܽ룬ɲܸ²ԴĻᣬһӴС
ˮʦķãʵ۸Ǽͬ⶯⽨⣬ûǿĴˮʦƱػıر˭֪ǻ᲻ںϮǰĴӡ
رǲУмԲһǮȼ
Ϊʡ̶ֳǰδУǮԶá
ӽ£ʵڲУɳ͢򼸸дӦܽ
ʵʵѾ˶ӡһЩ˼⣬ӽĸ룬һֱš
ӽһ£ɵһӵôû뵽䣬ΪУǶ
һЦ˺ڳĶȻ˺ϤˡϾȥҾʦУһЩ
Ժ󣬳͢ͳеĴͻдĴΪϵĹͲʹҲ͢
ӽһ£ֲ£ʡһЩʳԾȡެ
й֮ǰʱӽкͳʵʱӽļƼóʵ۵ӡ̡ͷÿԳô˻ȫп
ӽĬ˻ᣬһ£ʵ£أҲࡣŹһ仰ж֣жĲơ̰ǮֵĻᣬݺݵһʡ


709 ̽
ʵɫϾ֪ܻܿ֡Ȼ˵̰Ǳⲻ˵ģЩ˲֪أ̫ˡ
üͷ΢ţʵʦкߣ
Ҫ˵ܸ̰ߣӽòġһĽ飬еġֻʵǰѲӣ÷һһܰվٱЧ߿ԡ
ʵˣͷתڸ׸ΪΣ
顣û
ʵûѯϵΪǵñйǰơֻʵۼһɺǰѲΪã
ӽƼƽѲӦѡģ漴һ룬ƽҲܶ࣬ؽŽһ㣬ѲǻӰؽ˾ͳĬˡ
ʵһˣʵ£ټѲʷͬ
ʵûӽзӦ˵ˣתȥŶ
ڼලͽʳβʱɼΪʳβѷ˶౶ʳз˳ʵʩûΪд˽ԺõʷܵѲ֮𡣡ϸϸ˵ͬĹͣټоݡ
ӽһžͬɵȷʵ
һ˵꣬ʵ顣
ϲʱ䣬ҲҲ顣
ʵ˺⣬İǾͶͬɡ
ڰȥලģҶû˵ΪǶ֪϶ǳӦǶ顣
Ϸʡľһ£˽ĻΪһʱû˵
ӽйһ飬ŴЩֺɲһֱţҪʵ̫
Ǽƻе£þȽһһźá
ǣӽɫѳʵ۵£ԭ˿ڳܣںԽԽء͢һòܻܿҡ
ʵۺʸ飬ȻҲӽ˵ǲֵܳġ
ʦ˼ǣѷ⽨ȥʵȷϵ
ڷ⽨ǰڹѾˣΪȥɳȥ̽һֱûзأԺĹһֱûٿչ
ӽͷǣĥţҪȥͲ㡣
ʵһⲹĵص㻹ûȷϣôѯʱȻ⴫ٵؽŲ
£Ĵֻˡ½ʦһһţ͹
ĻڵļһǴΪ⡣˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵ˡ
ʵ۾ϲʵΣ
ݱֻδͨ
ãһʦޡʵ۷Ըһ
Ļڵһ¸һ㣬̽ͻˣԤڵҪ졣
ӽԭͼϲ¸㣬ʵǺܲεΪڲͶҽ
ڼȻӷأȻͲ˵ˣһе˵
³磬Ļھ˴ŵ߼Աڵ룬վһˣάֻ˵ڱһʱ䣬ȷ˺ʵĴͲ֮󣬱̫ƽǰ;ڰȺһεˮһʮ죬㿴˱
Ȼ󴬶УһȦŻʱǡ˱磬ʧһļλѳ
ά˵꣬վ׵ӽҪһ·ȷɵĴͲЩ
ά׼˵ʱ˺ʣæشС˶˱Ǻע⡣
˵֮гһֽ˫ϡ
һߵ̺ܿ߹ȥάеĶתʸʵۡ
ʵϷϣչһԭͼĸгʵһЩ㣬бע
⻹һЩСֽţ涼ݱעӦͼϵĺ㣬˵״ңÿֽŵĿհ״мӡ¡˵ЩǾӼͷ˹ͬȷϵġֻǺܿϧͷ˶ѳˡ
óͼϵıǻǲ˼ġ
ʵۿ̧֮ͷµĳӶѲóģҪǺݡ
ǣԸһߵ̵ݶҵȥλһۡ
ǣ¡̴Ӧһֽ˳ʵ۷Ը顣
һźãӽʵˣӵ˹ȥͨĺߣһʱ˽⡣
ӽˣǰȥĺߣȻīĺһµġ
ȵͬŶ֮ӽ˳ʵһۣõʾ֮󣬱㿪վȥά֮ǰǷ͢ʲôٸһλᣬʵ˵
⻰ʵûͷûԵأȴάɫ˼䡣ףչҪģ飬볤Ȼǲܵ顣


710 ĺĸ
ά˫ϥأ̧ͷһϿҵػشСûֻǵʱС֪ûҪҲߵ˵
ӽˣһ˻˵˵ԼֻΪ֪ʾȫһˡ
ҸղŲδ˵֮£Ϊһڵȴ֪ʵ֮أӽһʵ
άǱųϿҵɫشӽСα֮Уᵽ˿ܻҴĴشӰ졣˺үһʣС˵һʱ뵽¡
ӽɣ΢΢ͷҲ˵ùȥ
֮ô׷ʣΪ˴ԶļˣɿĻҪṩЩ鱨ʵԡ
ȻصĴлˮ֣Щ˲ûв뵽Сֻ𿪴ЩͲܻ
ȻͨǵҲԴһ֤άṩЩʵԡ
Щ¾ͲҪӽˣг档
ӽͷʵ۾ʵǴУˣ
άʻæͷشˣʷī硣
һǹģҲ׷ʵǵ̬Σ
䱸һκ̣ﳤȥ
е⻹û⣬治жϣӽ׷ʵ֮ҴģǰĻ˻һʲô̬ȣ
С˲ԡά֪ػӰķ⽨һ£Ͳֱӻش
ӽά̬Ϳοû£Ƕ˱Ƚ˽ˣ֪Ʋ£͢Իж϶Դ
ʵЩҲ˵ʵش𼴿ɡ
˺ͻϵĳŵάͰԼƲ˵˳˴κΪǴԱˮӪС˹˻ǵĴӡЩ˲ôҴˣǾΨͼˣŴڴϾ¡
СΪǴ϶лضأҴԱʲô˼Բûж֡ԺҴĿģǻרɽǰأʹ˺Ҳϧ
ӦûҴٷʽ˺Ϊǻźʹ⡣ʹĹϵ㽩ˣҴкѹţûʲôˣԸġ
ЩֻС˸ݶ˽һϢƲѡ
ˣ΢΢ͷýغûʲôˡ
άȥ׵ı飬ɰԳԾѵѾˣ
άе㲻ţ۴ٵĻȷ£һҴɵġʲôʱˮʦôˣҪ֪ںϱģ
û˸ֻͣӽתͷʵ£άƲ⣬ͳ֮ǰƵòࡣ˶ڲӰ죬϶ǵжԹϵǲǴ鷳ǴҲҪΪӡڰ˱𣬰ڴƿ֮¡
Ϊˮʦǿڴ֮ϣѾǿԤڵġֻҪսƳˣԼڷĻټȥǴڣѹһͷΨһƵĿˮֶսϤȣʱƣҲ⡣
ӽ뵽ǧϵĸҲˣ͵˴ĺĸ
еĲɸװأܽŸսءżǧϵĸںϣǵΧܲŷƺսƺƵؿī磬ǣⳡ붼ˬ
ˣӽڻĻϣ˵Ƿ
ʵõͷ˵ȥǴռĿꡣ
˵֮ʱӽȻ¶СǵЦݣȻʵ۵£˵ĵ̣Ŷǣǰӡڰ˽űԵʵһֿٽĺ÷
Ȼڿ죬ڰҽ԰֮Ҳֳ֣ɵĳֻҪڵºʵϴﵽҪȻҲΌ
ӽ˵£ͬ˺⡣ȻҪ͢ˮʦȥǾͲܸ跪ɴֱӿƲô
һֱǵã˺˵޵ĵֵֻҪһ̫ͨƽʹ˺ӣǮǹġ
˺ӣڴ˵ֲûḻúܡ
ʵǰ˵ˣʱΪ˹ûҳ⣬ȸ¡
ϾʵǴڻ£⡣
άһĿɿڴڴԱУǿˣ·ͳ˵ϵ⣬ôоôС
ʵеĶҲҪ⣬ôˣ֣Ӱ˷⽨Ĺߡ
ԥһᣬ˵»磬λһ޽Ͳ°ɣ


711 
̲Ӧ̨Ҳϸ͵ΪҪһΪá
һԴȷ⽨Ĺߺ󣬾һֱţֻȷͲȥ͸ġˣӦ̨дһ˵
޽Ͳ㣬϶ɽԶ
ĺĿǰڽ²Χѽ²𣬻߸ܣǲȥ޽ġ
ôйԱԺоͳ˵ڶǸͲ㣬Ǳıˡ
ӽһֱΪձһ֣άע⣬ȴһľסĵطѡ
ǵעϵĴţ˵ϺĵأסİСϻëϺˡ
ڱҲձ˵ټһǣԴΪݵڱ
£ȻѾȷ˲㣬ͽŹȥʼɣ׸ȿڽ
ûȳʵ۷ӦϳзԵǱձڣҴǰȥ޽Ͳ㣬ܻϮ
װ˷Ǯȴܸˡ
ʵһ֮ǰӦͷ˻ȥ׼ӵ
׶ԴвֱͬӶԱϵϴ˲Ҫˣձ˸˷ݣôת۾Ҵأ
϶Դ˲ҹͬȷ˷ձ˳ĵУʱ̼ǵԼݡ
ձʹ߸հ˴һҲôͷᱻϲ˸ɡ
ˣҲձˡһߵҲս

ڴ󲿷˶˽ȥ۵ǲǸ϶ȥ޽ĴͲ㡣
ʵ۵˺һᣬûһۣ˭Ҳû˵˭
ȵе㷳ˣȻӽһֱûзԣֻǶŵͼڿ
ǣʵʦԴкν飿
ĻڴǹսĴһ԰ô˺أǣǶֹͣ磬ӽ׼Ľ顣
ӽеĿⶼеԼϣָϵĵͼȻձڱ϶˻ѱڱ档ˣΪ˽϶ձ˵ľȻٲȡӦĴʩĿľһֻڴ
ʵˣӽ˼ǣֻڴЩڱձˣҪˡ
ӽⷨӲ֮٣֮ǰЩӣʲô֪Ϳʼˣ̸ѡ
ӽҲѣʵۻûʣʾӽˣ˺ǰȥ˽Щձ˵ľᵢ鲻ʱ䡣֮ǰ˵ˣҪ翪ʼ⽨źá
ӽһЦ֪ھʦպ˶ձϤʣ˵񡣡
ֳһˣɵȷϵԭˮʦλִˮʦѧøó֣֥
ó˺ģΪˮʦѧⶫ˵ģֻǶλˮѡӦԪְ֣֥ϵûпɹοĵط˺óһʣƷͱԭĸһ
ǡӽЦŵͷ
üͷһôҲҪʱ䡣
ھӪѧϰ¾ʹáӽҡҡͷ
ȻھʦǾ͵һˡ
ûжʱ䣬֣֥ͷּҴҸĻڴ߹ƼȻҪ顣
һ֮׽ԭԵ⣬Լ֮ء
ǣʵĩ֪һЩϺġձΪǰԭΪ󰲶ҵļҳһǰŬ£˳ڷ᳼㼪ʱֺ÷᳼㼪õձʲΪϺĵ
Ϊӽͼԭ򣬴飬յͼϵ֣֥ŰϺĸĿΪ
ӽ΢΢üͷܵձʵĲ⣬ӷϱձˡ
һʵҴҪѱͼкβߣ
֣֥һ㶣Ĺµͼ񲻻ɣ˷⽨֮£˹
Ҳ֪˺ôʣ϶˵ռ졣Ҫô򵥵ĻֱӶֱˡʼ϶֪ûиõķ
֣֥۾һת뵽һ£ͻشǰ͵´Ļйڣ߿á
ʵſʵкιڣ
֣֥תʵǰǰͷ᳼㼪ĹϵܺãҲ˱ձʲ⡣´ҿǴӷ᳼㼪ӵжȨǰǺΡ
ӽһʷϵ´ĻıչΪ˹ͳΡϾ뵽һƲߣϲ¶Цݡ


712 Ҫ
ǣӽ뵽ļƲ˵˳֣֥һЩķˡ
ʵ۵İȷϣϾ֣֥Ϊʹߣʹձȥ
άĽﰵԴ۽磬Ա̸Ц䣬ıȡ˺
Լǰںʱֻǰ棬ƽϡȴǿЦ֮
ôţҲᶨҪһҵľġ
ʵǶȻܿάڡ֣֥ȥ֮󣬾Ͷάȥ޻ȥ㣬һЩ˵ʣͷڷС˵ô
ǣ¡ά֪ԼߵһأæӦʵ۵Ļ
ά˳Ļ
Ļڣڸ׸ʵ£̽ѾͲҲȷϡΪǷʮʡͨˣ
˵ͨ棬ָĴ
̲Ӧ̨һæ͵£飬ͨ㷢ȥԶʡݲܼʱѺ⵽򡣡
⽨飬֮ǰѾʼرѵһݲɱش˳ȥ
˵ʱ򣬷ϣзᱻ
ڣȫ巪һξʦвٷʦֲѰľٶҲ˵طԱĲ²⡣
ˣ⽨飬˶õġڼȻǰڵ׼ò࣬ǾȻȻص˹ʱˡ
ӽߵʼٸߣҪˣʵİ֮ǰѯӽʦأ
˵֮ʱӽڿˡʱʵԼϻش£Ϊ⽨֮£ʱǲͨĺáȰź޽Ͳһ¹£˵ػĺˡ
˺ǵˣ˼ӽʵ
ӽȥͷǰڴˮʦؽ֮ǰںϵ̫ˣЩӦ˷⽨ĹߣЩ˺ܿȶ
˺˵ҲеǰǲܡˣͰ˺˵ɣʵص̹ϾͳԼĲ㣬˽顣
ڵӽڶ²Ȩ֮ҲлȨԴ󲿷ִԱ˵Ϊںϵ֪ǾֻͬӽĽ飬˶Ը顣
һڷ⽨Ľ飬ʵ۶ܡڼ³Ӵһ£͸˵صãλСĴ£޺ܸˣǾͰʦ˵ʱȲյĹߣѵһ
Ҫ²⣬ȥ°ɡڵʱµˣҲֻҪֳĬɣȥʲôҥԺ͢ûšϾ⽨Ҫִеġ
ʵ˵⻰ʱʱѾ磬ܶ󳼵Ķӹ죬ſɢˡ
ʵᣬǲ˳ڹ֮У˲ûиоǶ
ʳż̫ѵĻ⣬ھи߼飬ҽţڵŻ
ʱһûɫĳʵ۵壬׼ѡ
û뵽˵ˣǸǰĴ˺ְֻѸȥĽ˻ȥ
ֻӽʵ˵£һ飬һ顣
Ļڵĳһап࣬û˸˵ֻܰ˺ôһ£ûһ仰顣
ʦ˵ʵһ۾оֻӽǻȥӲԹɫ
ӽɫׯص˵£˵ΪеĲͬŵȥ²ͬĹϾ̫ԶˣһҪиԩʲôģʵ̫ˡˣ飬֮ǰ֯渴һǵǷʵ
ʵͷһ㣬ġΪҪʹִ֮УҲֻ߸̣㹴ġ
⵱ȻֳܹʵΪһȥɵ㣬Щǽȥġ
Ļԩɱˡ
ˣӽҲбҪģٽһ鸴ˣҲһ渺̬⡣
ã׼ʦࡣʵͬ
Ȼת򶼲ԺʷԺʷѲʮʡ͹ȷԩ֮ź⡣
ǣ¡аϲæӦ
ָ˶ԺһȨʹල֮
ӽҲõưţһɣӶʱˡһɫŷֺ˳Էˡ
վñȽϽĶʵˡ
ʵ۲ЦŵʦĶԩ޸״ˣ


713 º
ĻڵĴ󳼶һٷȻŸԻȥɻ
ӽϽǺ󣬲ûϻؾӪȥԸĻߣȥо
ʵѾæ˲ӵ飬ڴʱ򣬳ʵȥʺһ澵ӳӽһ¡
ӽʼΪǲоˣϲ
û뵽ʵȴϴʱ͵ùƷ˵⾵ӿȻƽ
ʵж£۸ȻţʵҲˡ
ڴֻмһ㾵ӣЩ˴ġΪͭܶ࣬һ³ΪǮмΪֵĶ
ȻˣⶫڴΪϡ٣ֻй㶫;ʦһĴ󸻺пӵС
ʵ۰Ͱ͵ؿӽϣȥоǱôûûƳӵԭʲôǷܹ
Ϊβӽ˵Ҳ֪һоֻǴһ󾭼֧
ȥо·ϣӽʦĽϣַǷɸ̾ңµգ벻һǮ֡
뵽ȻгһͶʵĻᡣаԱʵѹͲֻ̰ҪϢĲԳƣȲ֣Ǯá
ڹŴʱ˭׷أ
ˣ˲оſڣΧûʲô˵ʱӽΧߵĻǵҪǮģȥأЩʲôġ
ô˵ҲǸЩıԼĻһݻ
ӽĻЩǵʥּġȻûͷûԵӽôһ䣬һº˹һɿϲĵӿ
ǮǮģֻһ˵˺ߣս˺öΣʹȻ١ңûǮǻпԴô
лү
ӽûˣоſڶȥ
оŷһæӭȥ
оϵͳˣû˲֪˺Ϊһ׶˺Ľָ¸ġ
ӽֱзӵʱڵĽ˶ӭ˳
ӽûֱӾͷĹôûз
Ǹʮ꺺ӣĸߴ˺һʳ⣬˶Ƶһ֣ŵػصүСڽи飬Ҫʱ䡣
ӽҲ֪ǿ϶͵˵ල飬озĲƷ֮õķֺ죬ЩоۺŬ
ˣҲûнһǣӻͳһƴ˽ĹƷȥʲôûУ
һһԼس˺С
ԭӽʵ۰ѾҪ˹оΪƷο֮á
СشӺүнӹȻ󵱳
Ҳͷ뿴һֱŬҪĲӵʲôġ
ӽúһٿʱֻһ춯صءȻһĵԼϡ
⶯ʵǴŵù˰ٴӽǰ棬Ϊʲô顣
ۣѾ鵶֣׼㡣
һ˺ǵĶ㷴Ӧæ͵үүС֪ô⾵ˣ
⻰һڣʩ˶һ㣬׼۶ԭһᡣ
ӽɫ΢ϲźôôͿôˣ
ûоϲһİ֮ɫӽ͵үСˣСǵºڰ
ŶΪô˵ӽǺʵ
ǿԼͬţȻϸӽ͵⾵ӣȻơȻСһʼ뵽ˣȴûȥַӣһȥˡ
ӽ֣æʵΪΣ
ЦŻش𣺡ү˵ⲣ˷ǳ֮֮ͭЧҪðٱСڵһʱڱų뷨ӡ
ź͸ӽϸ˵ԭΪ̾ǵºڡ
ԭǰͭ棬ж룬ȸߡҲ˵ںǰѾƾ
οʼΪԭͭĲϷ˱仯˸ͭ
ͭ϶룬࣬ȻὫʵõͭƳ˼ȲʵáûͼֵķƷ˵ϻ¯⣬ٲ;
ˣԭͺܺõĸͭٶ룬ࡣһȺ˽ƷĽ˲ŻӲãȥˡ
ڿ˽Ʒһ˹
ܺ˶·Ǻ¡ӽ㲻ٵǣȥƷȥ
֮󣬴Ͷһ׬ǮóʵۡԼϵ˸˵غϲ£졣ǵӡнһôһ뷨˺һǮƹ


714 Ҫɽ
⽨һ£ݲʧǴǿĹؼһˣʵ۷ǳ⣬ӽһ˼Ҳ档
һ磬ӽھӪУĵ㽫̨ϣ±¾ʿڽдɱѵ
̫ԽԽߣ֮ǿ¾ʿʽú䤱
УѲӵĲگɫòˡϵ㽫̨ʾ˺ǷýʿȥϢĻγ̵ѧϰ
ƽʱگҲʾԼ
˺ڣôҲҪ쵼
ϵõ㽫̨˺Ŀƽţ񿴵÷ǳ档
گаһ䣬ү棡Ȼ߹ȥӽүǷýɢǣԻӪˣ
ûӦӽֱ㶵ؿǰ档
گһΪ¾ʿʲôòõĵطүˡ˳Ŀȥɳ˷Ǹʿ䳤ñȽ˧֮⣬ûʲôġ
ǣگֻõţ˺ԼѷֵĶ˵
ҵȣû˺˵ۿŹԤʱ䰲ţگ̲ס˾䣺үѵʱ䶼ˣǷðǽɢˣ
ûӦûӦòگɵеΡΪԼʲôطòãúүԼ
֮ʣһߵĹ˰ٴߵگ˺м䡣ǶԲگ΢΢һЦСүǷ㶡
Ȼ˰ٴսӽүܽ档
ӽȻڷ㶣ǰ棬顣˰ٴһع
ŶóԷ˰һ˵һתͷ˰ٴ
گڱֻѻǰ۵طɹؿźү
˰ٴظһٴүʱѹǷýɢʿˣ
ӽһô¡ЦŵЩ¾ʿ䶼ڸѵȻ
گӽԸȥ㽫̨ǰɢ˺ֹӽүʲô飬Чô
ӽ֪ǼԼղһֱ˼дһʡ£˵⳯ʰ뵺̫ˣҴ⽨òҪһȦ
˰ٴӽ˵飬ͲүǴӺ˳ôΪҪƵʰ뵺Ϊ˻ڽ²еԵô
ǶӽĸȻ֪⽨֮¡
үģռ˺˾ǣگҲοӽ
ѵһ¾ʿԤƵ꣬϶ֶ¾񡣼Ϲ͵߾گгֵţ²ԴӮ
ӽȴҡҡͷô󣬲ֻкôһЩĶߺ˻ȽϷ㡣˴򣬽ϵȵسҲǼƻе¡
گ͹˰ٴһȷʵǣʵ̫ˣ½·˵Ļ㡢ϡݵʡݣͻ˵ġ
ʰ뵺ȷʵǱȽ鷳رǴڳĻҪһȦȥС·̾ͱúԶ;вźá
˰ٴ£ӽүǵĲ⣿
ӽͷ·̫ȻмûвҲܴպϣиõġ
үɶֱڳͣ͵ˣҪǸҲòֱǡگı˵
ӽһ֪گ˵ЦЦָָ²گȻ˵ڿ϶ǻģԺأһ֮·ԺͱͨʵĲȻᷱҪǳиʲô˼ЩʲôСͲˡ
˺˼ѲռΪСگ뵽ֱӵһѣֱҪˣǻҲô
ҲԣҪǵĸɽӽȵʵ
ںɽǺĵһۿڣ̫ƽģҲۿڡ
⸪ɽһȻ⣬亣ϻкܺõɳ̲ĺ羰ڳеΧȺɽеȪ岼μֵߡ
ӽںʱлȥһΣ֪Щ顣
ôõһطôͬøأ
˭֪گˣмصɽôˣһƵطѡ
ţӽˣɵú֡
˺⣬گڹǰ£ӽ͵үǵ䳯ʵôɽʱͻսؽҲòȥؼǣʱʱձȥַǡձҪʣɽضǵһվ
ӽûȲگ˵꣬ʹϲصǾ˵Ϊձ˵ԭ򣬸ɽڵĳ˵ֻһ߶ѣ


715 ׷ծ
گ˵ͷĩǰ˵ɽָΪʵóۿڣǺձ˽нסڳȻձս״̬ϵҲòȥۿڵãĩΪ޶ô
ӽگܵĹУγһϸķڲگһ˵֮վһĲگļϲؿ佱û뵽گһԱ佫Ȼ֪ô࣡
Ǿǰ߶ʱ򣬱ĩġگһæǫؽ͵
ӽҲǫ飬ֱƨɵߣʥȥ
գһʥּ˾ʦֱȥ
֮󣬵Ѳ¬ӵʥּϷеľҪ񣬵һʱɺǰʡ
ʹ˵Ѳ¬ѵⲻԶʱŵæе飬ٹӭ⡣
һ¬˧죬ŰٹٷڵϹݡ
ʾԴ˲Ϊ裬һ򵹡ǰɳսʱڣʹܱҲйģοֱܳʵĵѲ
˵Ǵ²ʡú󣬼²ȥڻʲôӡ
ʾ񹧾ؿֻ߽¬ıӪʿ䣬һɢųΪ֮Ľ;ı뺷֮
¬ԶѿŴĶΪеĿģ磬ûдǰǰٶߵǰסս
ССӭʹܹغ
¬ʱŷǰܵ˴񣬱ٴ˴ǰǷּ͹һҪ¡
һæ¬ӭ빬ȥ顣
һ·ϣ¬ʵĶǺģͲܺʹʦȡߴһͨ򶼱ȺҪ
Ҳ֪֮ԻӣΪ֮ǰձջٹһΡؽֱ֮²̣һΡ
ıʹóÿζסԼĶǡÿζҪ̴ຣ
˲칬ڣʹԼϣ෽һΣøʹ򰴰վλ
Բ²¬⣬΢΢е㲻Ͼᣬסӣֱʵ֪ʹǰΪ£
¬ûϵԼ⣬˳ʹڵçŶ̩ӳѽһˣ֪Σ
һϿ߿ʹ²ѱ˰ۿҪˣؽӦҲˣǶӣοطأ
ǰǰʳ²ѹһգճֲã֣͢ۿż໴ΪҹǡΪĺҲ廰͵
ԼΪͳʹͬѣԭĳֱ²ˣ˵áһ֮£֮ϵֱΪΪһƷԱ
Ҳ߿࣬ʶһпǲлġ
¬һüͷʹܿɵʵʹкҪ£ֱԣ
ҴʵѾּ꽫ͽ²ս㲻˽²ҲҪѽ²ϻؼ֮ءΪˣҵҲó¬ûٷʣֱӻش
ʾһôһشϢϲ⣬²ôһ죡
ûǸ꣬¬ĻһתӦҲ֪ҴҲ֣ûжǮΪҵľѡΪˣ˽飬ոǵĽԳáһҵ㹻Ǯս²սµİҲһݡ
ʾ¬û˵ʱ򣬾֪ԭծˣһֶ
ڴһʲǷ˴о޶ծǷ˵ծ
ⲿǷծҪ泯װѵ£ǳʹٸͳΰպ͵ֿ²Ļ˻ˡȻṩʵװװװѡ
ȷʵ֮ǰǾ˵ö죬޲ðһǮáʱܻǮΪˣԭ˵ûǷӦǰ»ģҲһֱû
¬ԭҲ֪ʵԼӻУûȥߡּ͢һֻܲ˼ˡ
ڳʾ˵ծǰҪծԼҲмãӵ˵ҲûһʲС
ܿʹҲˣСʵǲʲôʲôѺɣ
ֻ¬еΪѣĬһ˵ȻˣҵиӣȥǷҵծ񡣡
Ŷʲôӣʹ˵ֻҪõһһæ׷ʵ
ǷծҲв٣ܼȥĻˡ


716 ɽǴ
ձһ򲻻ᰲؼҴҡ˳͢һߣҪϺĵͼѾǲʹǰȥձ̸ܴӦãǿռϺĵء
¬Ļû˵꣬ʾ˿ҪΧձסȺݵձô
ΪˣˮʦǰϺĵأֻ·;ңԶúܸߡԭԶΪ;㣬λòãͽĺܶǮҪǡ
¬˵³ʾż˵͢ҵľޣԵΡˣܰѸɽóܽҵ֮ǡپǷǮˣ취
¬˵֮󣬳ʹܻû˵Ȼһɵӵ´ûǮ²ôôҪͬʱձ
ȥվڶβһС١
üͷ֮ϣû˵ԼҲû˵һСʹһʹô죿˭ƨɣ
ǣȳûʹ˵ձô
¬ûӣתŵµĳȺǴŲ֪ɣ²ʹ߳ʹձҪձ뽨²һͼıҴ
һҲȻŶȥʱн²ҳʴֻձȥԭΪ¡
¬תͷصͷҴϧĲҪסձձ²սµĹؼʱ̳ҡ
ܵûʲôһļøɽծ㡣
˵òʱҲĲˡ֮ʱȴɫ
ǣ͸Ŀڵʹյ·;ۣǷȥЪϢ£Ҳù˾⣿
¬᲻֪ĿʲôҲҴʱǡ
ȵ¬֮߳ϱʺҪ˵
֪϶ʹĽ飬ͬ⻹ǲͬ⣿ʵ
ȻͬˣкȻõ
ҡҡͷˣҲͬ⡣ǳΪȻҪҳʵغһǣ˳ҳʵծˣǷ㣿
СȻ
һôԼͬ˻ԼĽ飬ͳ
ûŵӦǾȼУ
һԭǺԼɫʹ˵ԼҲ֣ǻǾȼ񣡡
ǰһŭʹͲˡò廰
ֻЦŵ˵Ҫɽôǰһе񶼸ϸɽȥһǾû˵˰ɣ
ɣڴµĻҵôôøһӶβ
һ£ŭˣ֮ǰǸǱŭȵôôǮôôȼѵҪǻô
ҳʹձ̣ͨǸɽкôǻ
ǷʵҳʹӲҪΣ˵ˣҪǸɽϽձҪҳʣҪȹһء
ܼŴ󳼷˲ٳҲ˵ԺҪձʣҲȥԮˣ
һ˳ڽŵϴҵǰȥ˵˺ûŻĳΪӵģѵԺҪϷ棬ȥһβɣ
Ⱥ˵ֳ꣬ǷծǮ쾭塣ǻǮȻҪжѺСҪŭʹԺܴ赽ǮôûǮҳʺʱָܻԪ
ǣҵȺƤΪҳʹıһ棬Ϊҳʰܶһ·ƣȴ˵ɡ˭ɣ˭Ϊı˵Դǣһ仰һֱˡ

úţһֱ絽ڸա
֮ôʵǲΪΪ񣬾Ϲ֮Ļƾǵݣֱϣʿϳȥɶ
ѼϺλжһ˵ôԴǵĻûɫ׷׸ͣһˡ
ܿòͷֱӽʿ˳ȥȻԵȺʱ䲻ϵ̫ˣʹڵȻػġϽ£ôܴﵽʹĵ߲ǣ
ǣϡȺص
ֹ˰ʱ˵Ѳ¬
˫ּۻ֮¬Ӧ˸ɽһУܡҲ˵ɽĳʰգԺҲΪաԸɽΪģغһǰѳʰ뵺ļǴӳʰͼˡ
ں¬ʽǩԼص֮󣬱ȫԱЩʵֵرЩУһԵǿǨƵɽȥ
ʾΨһеźǣǷеծûȥֻȥǷٸǮҲѾˣ¬ӦΪдһΡ
ʾڻմմϲؽ˼⣬ȴ֪ʮ֮󣬿Ÿɽķֻᡣ


717 ﴫͥ
¬ʦرڳʵĳɹʱԼľֹҲڽеС
㶫ֻǿһطܵ쫷Ӱ죬ɵҲӹ㶫ʡʡйݾͿԿ
в֣һڳԵġ͸ˣر齭һγһеء
طͷ׳Ÿֻ´ֺֻ̼Ϳ̸ַǷ
ͷϵĿջݡ¥͸֡Ҳ׹Ӷ񣬻˵Ҳҵ·ˣŶۼ
ȻˣҪԭǹٸʩ೧һΡֻܵӶѣҪԱǲܵġ
ҺڲǶ죬ЩжܻͲ˵ˡ
Щű֮ʱԶȻһȺ䡣Ϊ׵Ĺ
д֪ԱƷ񣬿֮󶼳һͷСǸ١
ʩ೧ĹҲˣæӭȥС˼ˡ
λĹԱιв˾ﴫͥȻв˾Ǳв˾
ԭв˾һ˩oƷoٶ˩oƷoĿһ˩oӾƷ٩oɩoɰʹο˾ټΣв˾ڲ˾
ڵв˾Ͳͬˣв˾ֱɳֱ͢ܡٵƷҲᵽƷҳˮ½·˽ӣȨˮʦ뼩˽
ٵְλһ±λ߶Ȩأ
ﴫͥΪгʹձĹͣӽ˵Ҳʵ۾ͰҲΪæĹв˾ˡ
ﴫͥϲδֻޱʵӪе׳꺺һ飿
С˴˹ȥ˲û˿ԾЦŻش
˵֮󣬲ǰͷ·ﴫͥԶȥ
Ӫ׳꺺Ӽһ𣬾Ϊ˷ֺ̼Ӷǿһٹû񿴵ֺ̼һΧȥչԼΪǲΪٻӶԼֻ֮ǰһЩԱһѲһѡ
˭֪ԱȴڲͬϣͦɢƣͲǰЩԱɱȡ
ԱǵǰפͣǼѲӡ
ﴫͥޱɨһڶ׳кӣȻ˵˹в˾٣ļв˾ļ˽Ҫǿ׳ܳԿͣ޼Сʶֵȣ
⻰һڣʱһըЩͷը졣
ȶڹ㶫˵ر̨غ㶫˵в˾ļ˽ô˽ġǿֺ̼ͶҪΪ֮Ϊ֮ĽķְλǱȴһıȫһ
û뵽λ͢ԱȻȺռ˽Ϣһ˵ǲΪ֮˷ܣ
λǿ׳⣬ΪʲôҪ޼СҪʶֵȣ
ЩмС벻ͨˣ׷ΪʲôмСĲУ
ˣֻиĸ˫ףô
ˣֻһӣܿ԰ɣ

ֹЩΪʶֶ壺ˣеץˣΪʲôҪʶ֣
ǰˣƽʱܵñȱ˿ˣ㲻ʶ֣Ҳ԰ɣ

ȻһЩûмСʶüֵ׳˸߲ҵؾ֣ظﴫͥע⡣
ˣûмСġ
ˣϹ˽ӡ

ﴫͥҲֻؿһ±ɲг
һ֮Ȼһӣıǰеĵǹ򼤶ӵǰ˿
ΪжҲټԼﴫͥ
£ѵҪȽͲɣﴫͥؿǰȺ׳ȵ
оﴫͥı䣬ŭλ͢٣һ°ٲ
뵱˽˳Сﴫֳͥˣ
֮ҪǸȾΪ֮ǰʵѺ̸
в˾Ժ͢һ룬ҪٵĹְ̰۸ܵģһϳͲ
ﴫͥҲְλǷǳˮְλһСģͻỬˮ
ھʦһ֮ԭſȸסһ±ͥУƼЩͻȻݷõˣ޲̧̧֣Ա͵˰©˰ġ
ҲˣﴫְͥλҪҪԡˣ˭Ⱦʹȷ߱ˣҲദҡ
ȾҲѪ˵ӿ̣ôıҪɡ


718 
ȣ֮ﴫͥҪΪΪԭеļ˽Ǽμ˽ֻԼĨڡ
ҪмСΪмС͸׸ܣΪҺڶֺ֣̼˽ֱӴǼС֣Ӷ˽ˮҲȱȽǡ
йʶ֣Ϊﴫͥھʦʶ¾ֳǿսΪʿձѧϰʶ֣ŻڲͬԼҲҪļ˽
ﴫͥѡһ׳ߣͷ֮ʱвٸ̼ϳﴫͥЩ϶Цϥкˣôȵ컹ԳǴԱĿģ
˰æ֮лǵȼһģҵȲ
ˣҶɶɶɶȸ裬Ųʱô

ﴫͥ·һ㣬ûκһˡҪǸ۵ΪȥͷͻĿֱˣõŵŵú׵ǷϽÿ
ﴫͥԶ֮Щֿ̼ﴫͥıӰֹһһ㲻ʣԼʲôˣ
ǣûˣͲµһЩܵô

Щַ̼޷޵ڱ˵ﴫͥȻȴõ
ﴫͥٴܴùϣڵĳ͢ѲǼǰǸֻ͢ҪԼͲڱС
ﴫ֪ͥжڶţʱȻ֪ǷǹҲ¶⣬ΪҲصڿšƣҪеһ𸯰ܣûܡ
뵽⣬ﴫͥǰĿǰϵˡаļලÿԱͷ϶ɻ¶Ҫȵ˵
ﴫͥǸʼٸӽʱڲķ⽨֮¡
ϸһ飬ֻ©һҪĻڡˣĳ£ʵʥּӽòģԹȥİš
ǣڹ˰ٴ˵Ļ£ǰŶߵĹʵŵĲԶѡ
ûã֮ϣ⴦𡣸ùдձڡ
үˡ˰ٴָ⴦ĺ˵
ӽ̧ͷһúд̫ҽԺֵɫңȻԼιĿĵء
ǣֱŴȥ
һȺʿ˴ſڣ˵ǼٵȴҲвٶæ
һźΣмֲͬεĻرǶ۵ķθĿһ֮¾˺ˣΪɶĺֻһ
ۣһæȥͨһϽӭ
үݹ٣СǰﴦͨԺʹλ˹ӭݡ۵ͷ˵
ӽ΢ЦżǰУһ˵ãǰ·ֱӹȥǡ
ԺʹֻƷĹԱۿǸ߸ϵĴ١˺˵ȴ΢Сٶѡ
ˣ˺ô˵ֻôԸϽǰͷ·
֮ӽΪұΪƹӰڣһá
ʱ̫ҽԺԺʹԺеҪԱӭãһ˺תӰڣæҾ¹ٲμү
ƵĻٴҪݼǶٶ֮ˣûơ
ӽҲֵò˹ݣΪڹǱȽϱŤģԼ˻Ǳ˹Լ
һ֮ӽõλ¡Ļɢڴõĸ䣬ֻй˰ٴӽ
ԺʹԺзֱӽ࣬˲֮ӽʵΣ
Ľ£ʵȥʱּ̫ҽԺ֯ÿһθдһ졣
Ÿո겻ãӽŻ
Ժʹһӽػشλ˶ԣֻ׸˺͹顭
ӽһԺʹʺ⣬һ˿ɲ⡣æԺʹĻ׷ʵôôˣ
Ժʹ˺˼еĵؽ͵ү뵣ģ׸ֻǲ͹£ƣˣҪȥͳɼ
ӽ˿ҲżһλΰĿѧҵ״أ
ԺʹɫǱ֮ǰˣشλҽϣ˵岻ǺܺãӦƽղעⱣůΪ纮֣֮֮ʣѵ֮ǰסǼ緢ֵĻǻΣ
ôãӽϱɫʵΪģûעԺʹ˵ĻʵѸûˡ
ҲܹӽΪ֪ԭʷϣ⼸겡ŵġҲΪˣӽ֮


719 ̫լ
Ժʹ˺ûԼĻظһҷֵ磬Ժѿҩ˰ʱҩӦòд󰭡
Ŷͺãӽһû£ͳ˿
ӽʵ˵壬ΪΪ׸ͳٹ١԰ٳת䡣
µĻӽ֪˭ðٹŷϾȥķ籩Уʦٳϻ˶漰ˣûǸɾġɴ˶Աȣʸܿɹ󣬲ɻȱ
˴·ϣ𵽵ҲǱܱȵġ˼ΪȺ˽ӴĳΪãѧΡũܼ
µĻִ֧бػӵĹ̽Ѻܶ࣬Ҳܶࡣ
˶ΪÿһεȴܼʱκãõĽˡ
ǣӽ·һߣ׼֮ʱȴԺʹԥһ󣬻ȶӽ˵үҲҪ̫͹ȡ
ӽˣһ¡ԼôûоȥϮս۹ȶһ֮⣬ûʲô
ӽҲ⣬˰ٴĶԺʹҪô˵
ԺʹӽƲ⣬Ѿ˵ˣͽһ͵үǰǷһֱԵñȽϺãȴֲô˶
ӽһԼ֮ģô᲻ô˶ѵָԼڴԽǰǵǣԼһģȽլ°ʹﲻȥϲС˵ţ̳һֱ˯
ӽ뵽ͷȷʵйôһʱ䡣
Ժʹ˺ûŭʵشо΢˵ģʵү峤ʱ䲻ܶȷͱһңԭܴһԲΪֻܴԲ
ǳ׶ӽصͷԼγ֪̫լˣ϶á
ҺүΪʥݶ˰꣬ܽһ֮󣬺үΪͣĴңһֱɱȹԲҪֵԲųڹȣ塣˺үӦ壬ݽϣ֮ദз
˰ٴһ˿û¾ͺá
ӽԺʹĽ飬мرȭ˹ֵлѣһע⡣
Ժʹһæһ߻һ˵Ҳҡ
о׻ӹҽõ̫ҽѵΪ̫ҽҽζλȨ֮ˣκβöһ鷳¡ЩƢõĻȨ󣬾͸ź
ӽڴĹٳϣ˵ǵһˣʲôѫ󣬼˺šȨƵˣȴ˺˵ô᲻Ժʹеˡ
ԭǲ˵ӽ״Ҳ¡ȵӽµʱԼ͸ϻˡ
ӽķһȽϺãղһ̸Ҳо˺ƽ׽ˡǣһҧ˵˳
һʱ޻ھջӽ˳ŵ̫ҽԺӦнӵʥּɣ
үָоôԺʹһϻشһʼͲµ˺Ϊ˶֮ǰѯ֮µǳϡ
ӽͷһ˵ǵģϵδĹߡҲģ
Ժʹȷ˴£۾ԺСԺеҪְǸ̫ҽԺʵԺӦ͢ҽҩҽá
ҽоԺеְ
ԺдԼʮ꣬ӽү̫ҽԺһλҽηȽר΢֮󣬸绢ˣԺΪף齨оѿʼֻǱԺޣ˷оҪⷽоҽʦ
ӽúܸȤȻôһ͵ҽ΢Цʵλóεҽʲô֣
Ժһæܵ⣬ԣֿɣضɽϡ
ӽ˵ͷŶԣֿɣֿɣֿɣ
ȻĩôһǸţ˰֮ǰһֱǵԺ˵Ժ
˺ǾȵԺʹԺжеȣѵ˺ʶֿɲɣ
˰ٴѶμֳǺү֪һЩˣһЩܻ֪ˡʼʱҲᾪ棬Ѿľˡ
үʶֿɣԺջǾȵʵ
ӽһǺһЦһ
һƪۣ˵ֿ൱ΰ󣬿˵ǲ˹Ҫǿһǧ
ʱ⣬ӽͲ֣Ϊ˻濴ڶһӡ


720 ǲ˹ţֿ
ӽǵֿںˡۡȾѧ˵Ҫٶꡣ
ڶǵڼõƷӡԭԴԡۡǸʱ¼һҽ绰йҽԺӵġۡᵽƵãҲϷá
ȻЩǼ٣ӽ֪ƪ¾ô˵ġ
˺ƷǳƳֿɣԺҵаҵͬʱæȥֿǰμ˺
֮ңΪֿԸֱҽֳڲֻͬҪΪӦְλߵԺе˵ĿֻҪΪǲԵģͻֱ˵
˲ϲѾѹʱ΢ĳ֣ʹֿɵһЩõ֤ʵѱż̫ҽԺˡ
ˣֿҲ̫ҽԺ˴
γо֮ͷһΪֿȷʵⷽó˲ţǷооһҪѲڱ÷ġ
ʲôطԶں⣬δĵطֻҪģû˻Ըǰȥ
ԭʹ䵽ֿͷϡ
ûãһ˴ҴҸãֻ΢ڵ֮󣬱ӽҾ¹ֿɲμ˺
̧ͷһӽɵһ¡ѾȽģļУֿʱӦǸ˲ŶԣΪиӰн¼˵ǸηУǸδġ
һֿɣǸʮˡ
ֿɣӽźȷϵ
ֿһ㶣ѵеڶֿɲɣ
ûֿɻشӽԳЦһ£ǰֿó鷽ĸ֣ԺȥģôǼٵأ
ǣӽϸĿڵ㡣
ûֿɲӽİţֱӻش˺¹٣¾ֱʣ¹ͷвҪæ
ӽǵһĻش𣬲ҲΪ⡣ͰֿɵĽ飬ֱʵԺд㽫оĹ֪ˣ
¹æ£й鷽ϣ󲿷ֲо֮УδеϵйӦ֮Ҳ֮Сֿһ¹ػش
ӽ˵ͷʥּ£ѾһݣٶȻͦġ¼ʵ֪оҪǰι
¹ֿ֪ɻشغܼ࣬ϧԼʱ䡣
ӽɽ׷ʵԸȥоǷ֪
¹Ը⣬ڷоˣʱûУֻ¹һˡ
ֿɵĻشӽһתԺʵоôֻֿһˣ
ʱִ٣ԱСԺиϽСĵػشû뵽˺ȥȻ˳
ԭһʼͻһҽоģֿ֮⣬ҽһ˵ҪԶȥæԺڰ飬վ̫ҽԺֲ˻ȥˣŻֻֿһ˵ľ档
ӽѲǸʱĲ΢һ룬еԭ
ˣӽֱӶֿɵоҪԱҪܶࡣҪԼҲҪġһͷȥϽ飬Ժоʹ̫ҽԺͷʲôԴҪģֱӵá
ֿû뵽Լݹ˺ôӡһֱЦ⣬ӽүʲôԴԣ¹Ҫ֣иҩ飬ѯҽȵȶȥô
˭Ҳûлɹ˺Ľ飬ǲǲõʵ׿ϵ⡣Ϊǿ˺ô˵ˣ϶ǿԵġ
ӽЦŵͷǣԱȥļ߿ǸרҽҲԸԺдˣ¡õҩģԺдҪûУ͢Իȥռ̫ҽԺеҽ飬㷭ģ͸ûˡ
ֿϵЦԽԽŨ˭֪˺Էо֧֮ǰδеġԺչԼϲĹܵӦˡ
ֿɵׯɫӽһҾлү
Ҳǲ֪ôɵӣٹֱҲܷûǰ֮ôǿЩͬŵм֮ͬҲᵽȥηҲٴ̫ҽԺ
˺ǿֿ֧ɵȻҪлˡ
ӽЦЦ˵ҲлңԼ¾ˡһ죬Ȼʷ
˵֮Ҳܴڼ˵Ĳ죬׼ȥҳʵۣղŵĳŵ
ڵļһ˺ҪߣϽ͡
ӽߵǰʱȻתͷֿɵһ⣬ô


721 ֣֥ʹձ
̫ҽԺһҽûн⣬֣֥϶ûȤȥעġڵվڽɻĺսӦ˵ǴսĽףϤձкǱһζ
ʼձʱֻһˡǸʱ֣֥֣һ١
ǶϰʶȢ˸ʵŮﴨΪޣ˵ǰѼҰձȻ󺣵溣£ƾԼĴǺĺմţΪڶ֮һ
֣֥аȻùٸԴʼ̲յЩֵܣͽҪΪİ
ʱڣѾٹձļңһĴƴҵҪһձҲġæʱҶ˲ȥȻˡ
û뱲ӵŬȴһʱϸֲ֪֮̿ӦԳ͢ӦЩ֮ʱȴ֮תۡ
ΪԼľ͢أ׼ȷ˵ǱǸٳһ˺أûнδᱻá
ڸձʹǰʱκʱҪоһ޴ĿɽʹĵκʱҪ
ձˣ֣֥ĬĬ˵
ĸۿڣûյͷˣϵͳͳطܿģֻһӶӵᣬʿĴ£ʱѲ߶
ǵ񣬾ǾܾĴֻҲ׼Ĵֻ仰˵ʵе´Ļıչ
Դϰ꿪ʼʵʩۿڵĴֻԽԽ٣ҲѲ߶ÿظͬ飬û·ԵúɣͬʱҲеġ
Ѳ߶ӸվͷʱϿһۣΪ˺ˮʲôС
һβͬһ֧Ѳ߶Ҫͷ֮ʱβһ᲻ɨϣϾ
ͷʿһеԾתͷȥȻһ˷ˣۿʻ
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ϵձһסˣԭˣǴʹʺеĶΪ׵ļʿһ£ɳʹɱ
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оϳ´Ȼߣһ´ߵǰ
ţһͷ𣺡Ŷԭһɰþò
˿ɽһеϤ̧ͷһɡסһȻʵһٲʹɣ
˵꣬е㲻ŵزͷ֣֥ûֻˡ
֣֥˿ɽһɶˣ֪ϸЦŵپͲʹˣ
֣֥˿ɽһǲ̬ие㡣һεݣ˵ǰ˼ԽС
˿ɽһɿ֣֥վˣ֣֥ʹɡ
ش֣֥ȻֿսŲӣ֣֥ǣǰͷ·ͷϵձ˻ǹǹߣͷʹʹ
һᣬ뿪ͷ˿ɽһ̲ס棬ս֣֥ʵһ٣ô£˵㲻Ǳ˴ȫûĽҲռôôȴսΪʹǰձ
ձΪʵ˱չѱĺлձʱϢʱϢ˿ɽһɵĴǲùһȱ˻йǿϢǸϢҿǵ´֧ϢûΧɡ
֣֥һ˿ɽһɵԤϣǿҵԺһ˵ǶϻˣսǽɻԺˣ


722 СĻ
֣֥˵֮󣬼˿ɽһɴؿԼЦڴԱܶ˹֪ɣҴ²ھʦпնʾˡ
˿ɽһǱһ֣֥ܺЦ϶ȷ¡
ʦ緶лȻԭԼ֧ǿľӡܴܺˣ׽ǵĴԱܶ˹϶Ǳ֧ҪҴһֿԵóһۣˮʦҲǳǿˡ
뵽˿ɽһɾҪ·´Һ͵´ҹ⡣
˺һᣬŻع֣֥ʹݶȥ
Ǵƽסɽֵ֮񡢻ǽڵġסլ챾ҲǸ߼ʿסլԼʹݶһƬ
쵽ʹ֮ʱ˿ɽһ̲סʵһ٣ΪʹΪ˺£
֣֥³ֵ򵺡
ʲô򵺣˿ɽһɻԼˡ
֣֥ɻɫٴظ򵺣Ϊص´ҴųǮϺĵء
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˵˿ɽһһ֣֥ԸˣͰ͵ȷϵŽ²
Ҫ֪ɶ֮ر²ռݺܾˣȥʹձ֮ͬˣͬԸʱ²ʹ˵ôôôôǴ۸ôҲһգ۵Ĺ򣬽²Ҫˣ
ǵģŽ²֣֥ٴ˵һ顣
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˿ɽһ⣺ǿôݺảϣ
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˿ɽһɵȻ֪֣֥Ϥձúúãϻȥ潫
֣֥һᣬֶ˿ɽһ˵һҪ㣬תĻǰϺĵ޽ǱʷΪϺĵΪǰͷ᳼㼪Ĺϵãô
˿ɽһҲǵ´ҵĸȻ֪֣֥ѵı˼ʲôصͷãһתҼҽ
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˿ɽһɾ֣֥һȻת׼ˡ
תһĽ֮󣬺Ȼһ£תͷ֣֥һ٣ǧСĻ򡣡
֣֥ûͷûԵһ˵һ£ȻЦŵĪǻ˽²ʹߣҲѧʹȥһأ
˿ɽһһæ˫Ұڵʲô²ʹߣĪġ
ȻپϹȻ˳ʹݣ˵˻
̫ͷʼбɽֵ֮һռǳլԺм䣬һݺȻˮཨɡһֻˣȡ˿ɽһɵ档
˿ɽһɵ󣬵´Һ͵´ҹþ˿ɽһÿһϢǷǳҪϢ
ЩϢ󣬵´ֿʼѵԼĶӣԼȼ֮
´ҹ⣬ϵǸףԼͳǲǻȹ̶˵ˡ
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ʹǸϺĵ£ûʲô۵ġ֮أҪ˾ǡһܲǰԼǷġ
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֮ǰһμң׼޶ؾʦ
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Ԭ΢΢һЦѽŴ̿ƿȻվһȻ赣ģżԶѡ
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ԬŰ߶в̾һγ֪Լ״ʱǻصϵļȥ
˵ˡôãӦ֪ҵԸԬ鷿ڿʼ߶һչ˫ۣ滺ǡ
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˿ΪԬ˵ٴ£ҲûүҪүȻغϳӣȻٻɶ
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724 Сս
ʮµѾǺˡˣھӪУϣ½ʿ仹Ǻ䤱԰Ϊһ飬жԿɱ
УΧ¾жΧۣ㽫̨ϣ˺ͳگڹս
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常ҪھͿǰɣ

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˹֮ӽشһЩֱСǾͷʮڵȴԣ֪ó˳ġ
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үһ˹Ӽ֮󣬻ܿԪĲʲô˫ȶԪսӼʱ֡˰ٴܵúȫ档
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ãʵ۴ӳ˼лعӽؿԼնر̬޶ǾΪȻԺȻΪѵں
ӽһ¶οЦݡôһԼĿľʹﵽˡ
Ҫ֪ںҺ͵̨壬ǰѹһİٷ֮ȷдܷʵ۰Ϊѵ͵Ǻһˡ
ʦȻ飬϶˽֮ʦޣʵ۽ųϿҵӽҪ
ףӼȻѾõ˼£Ҫһ׵顣
ӽ΢ЦŵͷԵЧ
Ǳ˸̬Ȼӽ˵ԭŴӳѰҸߵѧĹ˽֮ȴ֣ӼԭƶȾǷǳġ
ʵһе㾪ȣû뵽¡ǣæʵŶӼԭƶεģ
ӽˣ¶һ˿羴̬ʵ۽͵£ΪӼƶȼơƺƣǷǳõƶȡ
һƣԹӼϸרŵĽѧԱԱѧԱѧѧҵȽЧĿơ١ѧҪõϵſԣȻҲй涨
ӽ˵ʱЦ£ʵ۵˵ʵôϸĹ綼
ӽ˵˵ڶ㣺ƣǶԼѧҵĿ졣涨˷ֲܹءӼãַȣҪһһزſԡÿȶһοԣıʺ͵Ϊһ֣㵫ıʲľǰ֣ûģıٺҲ֡
ڳ磬ڸߵѧҲǲûƣƣûϸѹأѧ˼꣬ɴ˿ɼһ㡣Ȼ⻰ˡ
ʵӽÿ˵һƶʱúĽбȽϣÿƶһ˽⣬΢΢ͷ
ƶȣǼĻ֮󣬾ͻȲŽ£һԺϸ񣬲ʸȥŵ١
ڳҲƶȣ£ʵϰеʱҶɳЩѧġ
˵˹Ӽŵ㣬ӽʵʵҾ£Ӽ⼸ƶϸִУٴֹӼĶλȻùӼԭеĵλ
ʵе죬ƶϸִУ⡣һͲˣǳʵʵʦΪֹӼĶλ


729 ˵ĵڶ·
͹Ӽûԭйء
ʵ۶ӽشе֣ɵʵʦӼû䲻Ϊ͢Ƶԭô޼Ȼ֪ˣ;ô
ֻӽ΢ЦҡҡͷȻŻش£Ӽû䣬ȻɼһҪԭ򣬵ƾٵи߹٣ǽϵһְλҲҪʿƳĶ˲ܳΣǹӼûԭ򡣡
Ҳ˵ӼĶˣڿʮ֮λԽԽֻͣȥСӹӼϣвܵĶȻͱ˾ͶӼࡣ
ʵüͷһ壬ϷԣӼҲһʿӶıһݳ
ӽˣһѣЦ£ŶԳʵ˵£û˵ꡣ
żˣʦ˵ʵһе㲻˼ɫ΢
аٴθԼһҪסÿκʦ̸飬;ƲסԼ
£֮Զ˲߹Ӽ·Ϊһõ·ߡڴʮϰ֮Ժͽ𡣳ϣ佨Ժһǧİʮ֮ࡣҲ˵ĸشԼоŲ϶Ժ
ӽ˵˾Ժ֮࣬ơζԶԶ˲𣡡
ʵˣ΢΢еԺûбֳֻǼӽ˵
˺ٸʼЩԺСЩطԺɽֱɳ͢طԺĿɵľԺһʼĽѧרоƾ٣־ƾٵĶ˶ȥѡԺǽȥĹӼࡣ
ӽ˵ţʵšЩ飬ӦԽӽȴ෴ԽԽ
ڽ˳ʵ۸ղŵ֮ӽѻ˻ŵˣҪ°ǰģʽӼĻͲʵˣҪ档
һвܵĶΪиõѡǲѡӼ࣬ӼԴһ⡣
ӼļڻָֺƶȺܴﵽҪȥ٣ֻһСȻвܵĶϣġ
ʵ̽ʵʦҪּѡٲӹӼأ
ӽһЦҡҡͷ£ôĿƾ٣ʿѷǳˡλޣʿ˶ŶӵšôһʥּȻᱻڸ󲵻ءڸ󲻲أƸҲᲵصġ͢ţеȨĹԱȫǽʿ̫ˣ
ʵĬϣĻʵۣѾ׻ʵ۲˵ʲôʲôȨ񿪹ôǿҲ˵ʦ˵Щ϶֡
ӽ³ʵģϼ˵עˣӼµԴͳ·ͿƾٲͻôһȻ󣬿׵ʵʩȥ
ʵһ¶ϲ⣬æʵʦ˵
ӽɹʵ۵ע⣬æ£˿ƾ٣˵㣬ΪȨ׷󣬳Ȩ֮⣬вơ⣬ǸһĲ·
ʵһüëһϲӽо
ӽһ漰ϣʵ۵ӾޱѾһ԰
һ㣬ʵԩ˳ʵۡΪڵ˵λϣҪǵУΪĵľһơ֡вƲȥ飬ǻҲˣʵ۲ŻԡơرС
ǣùӼˣоԱôһˣǸɢͷΣǰضԿƾٳ˱ϥƽʱйٺ»оɹ󣬻о޶Ƹķֺ졣൱һֶ·ˣ
ʵͷ˷ܵ˵޿У
£ѧǻаնҪѧѧϰȻԽѡԸƾ;ľͽЩԭԺԸо߹Ӽ·ڹϣԽһЩб
ôбʵѾúܿˣһӽҪ˵ģæʵ
оԺоֺУһʽཱѧ𣬸ЩԸо֮·ѧṩѧӽѺа˳
ʵˣ΢һ룬ʱʦ
ӽһ֪ʵ뵽ʲôʵ£Ӻ
ʦ⿼ˣã޾˵ʦʵЦָӽ˵


730 ñ˺
ʵӣȻӽ˵УǸٹ̵һ뷨ˣֻҪ֧ȥƾٵģһ㶼ѡƾ١Ͼо֮ĸƽʱΪܡ
˵ʵ֪󲿷ְǲһֱкȥѧôЩվͿ˼ȥϣ͢Ϊ˲ţҲܸõ׳о
һ³·ճҲвٶѡо·ʵʩһʱ䣬Ĺı֮о·Ķֻࡣʦô
ӽͷʵ˵û⡣Ͼо·ǵоԱ˾صȴͳЩԱ뷨תٶҪʱ䡣
ʵۼӽͷ֪Լ˵ûɫ˷ܵٴ˵оṩѧ֮⣬͢ҲۣʹרĶ顣ʦɺã
ӽһϲصǱܵˡ
ϾˣڹŴƶȲһϤʲôۣڹŴȴǶ԰Ӱǳ󡣳ʵ۴˾٣Ӵ̼о·
ʵӽ佱ԼҲͦ˵أֻװûʲôı顣£ӽ˵ʦղ֮ҴĶΪҪ޴ϸһ飬ʵʩ
Ҳôáϳɳص´˰ѹأ͸Ǳˡӽͷͬ
ô飬ڸζƲȥġӽػûñ˵Լĵز˳ʵһ˵Ͼͬˡ
ûʱ䣬ڸ׸ʷǰĻݡ
һĻֻһ˺֪˺ʲô⡣Ϊһ飬ȵڸȻϴʵ۾ҪԽ֮󣬲Żȥ˺Լ֪û飬ôȻ˺ʲôˡ
ȻʵۼʹˣͰѸղӽ˵ͽ鶼˵һ顣
ʵ˽ӼģĹԣڹӼ̬ȣ֮ǰҲһֱôӵġ
ʵ˵֮ʶǰĲ㡣رƾٳĹԱΪ̸֮оȴ÷ˮΪ͢׬˴ʴʵʹеʵоԱҪԡ
ˣʶӽ飬ȻǻӭġϾֿٳһ·ζԴնġ
ֻһ㣬Ҫġֻʵ۽£Ϊ˷ãȥĶԭеĿƾϵʵʩȥѡһ㣬Ϊʵĸģ߻ã
ʵһæʵ䣬һ㣿
ӽһҲԵͷϵһиĽ뷨
£о֮·һ£ΪǺ׵Ϊһ͢ڶԴУԾƫоࡣڳ͢Ա¶ǿƾٳо˻û㹻Ӱ£Ȼ䷴ԡ
ӽһ˵ɣе벻ףеɻʵ´ˣ͢ôƫо֮·Ķˣ
ʵȴ˼ָʲô
һЦָӽ͵ڴˣֻҪŹϣͿۣ»ףʹרĶƾ١ĺôۣ»ȴ޶١
о֮·ĶҲֻۣнѧ𷢣ȻͻǾԼַܵˡñ˺ãڵ֮»һǱڵĶϰ
ӽһɴΪ̾ʶĵİգȷʵǷǳġ˵㣬ںҲǴڵġ
ʵüͷʵ䣬˵Ҫã
ʿʵۣ΢΢ҡͷ£ۻҪģϾѧʵȥͨһۣ̫˷ˡ
ģôΪãʵ벻ˣʵĻǰìܡ
ӽҲһûʵ˼ֻÿʣһ͡
£оǮ߽ѧĶȣʹѧҵĶ佱ѧȥǮۣʹǮܶ顣һ˾޻˵ˡ΢Ц˵ĸӡ
ӽһˣΪʽкõ˷оǮ֮£֪ҲоԼ׬Ǯǳ͢һЩ˱û˷Եɡ
ãǾô졣ʵҲ¶ЦݣΪʩˡ
ǣһ˵ĵڶ֮·÷֮󣬱㿪ʼ飬һʵʩȥ
û뵽ǣ˾ٵΪ˴󲿷ֶ˵ѡҲΪоṩԴԴʵ˲ţʹôоһֱǰУΪǿṩ֧֡


731 
ʮ·ݵɹŲԭʼعΣεϸѵۡڲ庹ڣȴһƬִ֡ĺûӰ쵽ЩźëƤ·ɹˡ
ڵʵȨߣֵĶӶܣѵõůɹŰֳ
ɳȥ˸մչëƤôٵȥżҿһӣǱͻˡ
Χ۵ɹˣݴСϹ񣬹̬ܡ
֪˶ԼأԶԶǸֻ֪ϵΪԼ˴˸㣬ȻԶԡҲǺǰԣǸöˡ
һУ鹦Լһżҿ֮УǸ˺ſʼ˸ı䡣
Ǹʮ˺ԼеĹˡ뵽ԭϴϢ˵˺ѽ²ϳˡ󺹻̫źȫ²ʦνǴδйĴʤ
ܰԼͶǶôӢľߡĵ׾һҪ߼ԥؼֵס
뵽ԼɳȥӴıԼ߹ҲϧԼЦݣչֵϡ
߽ܣȻָأĺղУյ㹻Ƥˣ
ڲУѾôһԼ׳ɵϰߡֻҪֵڳȻܻûʽΪ󺹣Ҷôƺܡ
ùЦ⣬ת߻ԼĴʡ
ո֮ʱֶѾԼλڿˡ
Ȼջܴ󣬵ЩطëƤչˣ´ξҪ߸Զ·ſɻˡܴк´θԼһʵʵ񣬾Ͳˡ
ܶӵԼΪԼµˣעġһָϵλˣ˵յӶԤˣһůů
һ˿ڿˮæ߹ȥ
һ£һߵŮͶһ͸ľƺ͸Һ΢ζţʵڹ˾Ƴ档
ŮοƿšۡһһŨľƮ˳һ£յľƳͳ׵عˡ
ŮȴǲæǰĲе˰뱭󣬲վźš
վӾ͵غһڣȻ󾲾ֻպͳθĿС
ܼˣͿ˵ûУԶȥ¾ȥߣҲҪȥġǱϢŹ⼸һֱҪƤȥ
õͷ̹ػشģһС
˵꣬һ£ͶԶ˵ӲҲչƤȥ˺Զĵط·˵صӣܳ롣
˵ͷ֪ľȥչ顣ľҲżҿڣԼҲˣûľǣ˵Լн졣
ˣľĬһһչġ漰ǮЩС˼ǻеġ
ЩӳȥҪ֤ЩطҪܱ飬ߵĲдƤҲʱ֣·ͳɡ
ڶǶܵˣҲõ⻰йܣ˵С
ǣظ֤ӲˣҲ¡ԼǺˣҪҲû⣬ҵˮƽࡣ
һ뵽պȻһ£ԥһᣬջ˵ڼͼ򣬽Щ궼һЩ׺
һüͷʵ
վԼ˵ò׼ȷٲǲҲ˵Щɹˣ˵ʲôʲôġܾսɱ˷ŻҲвɹŲ嶼˶֡
õٴʵ˶ô
˲Ǻܶ࣬ǺȷֻĴţֻôشˡ
һᣬͷԸյ´ЩȥƤһҪġ
ˣĲ٣㹻־Ͳͨˡ
ҪǻֵסһҪӻţǰȥЩͦͦӣƵ˵
ˣǷöɾȥɨһ£еԶˡ
䣡ȻƨĻᡣ
ܹһЦȻٱպȾơ
ʱղйе͸Ľ֮࣬ԼǷҲȥŪһ׹Щϡ⣬ڳȥԳԼһݵλ
ڳ֮ʱȻⴳһˡ
δڣöܺܲˡһʱԼһĸ˼صı顣
ǳʲô飿һʴӶܵĵ


732 ˺ʶ
˼ڲֹһˣеԥ֪˵˵
һգȻ˵ûˣкʧ̬
ôһ˵ҲǶܵĸûԥشܵƶ߲˹
ʲôһһ´λվȵʵ
Ҫ֪ƶ߲ǰͽ²üȥͲ岻ԸΪ˫ɹܣĹϵԲᵽĳ̶ȡ
˵ȥ꿪ʼѾûпƶM߲壬²ıɹŰ졣
뵽벻ܽ²ɣǰ˵ԼͶǰɣҪǰΣ
֪զһҲ֮Уظһƶ߲˹
ȥŲһȥ²ĽѾӣɹŻƽͦͦӣԴǵ˵ͬʱĵײ˾䣬ҪҲȥĽѾӸ㡣
˲ûȥԥ˻ᣬǶԶ˵ƶΪ飬ں
Ŷ¸㲻ˣƶ˵ڸʲô顣
һˣ͸ܽнȻɶʲôҪ¡Ϻ֮ģٸ߲٣߽С
ܵͷͶ˵˴
ǣ˴Ӧһ˳⡣
ûãһͷϴſձñ˱˽ʱֻжܺˣ˶˳ȥ
Сձ˹ݼĺժͷϵձñ¶Ŀɹǫһһ˵
ϵˣһһҲͲ±׸
ԭձ˹ǿƶԭĴӣµһţ˶ϵôˡ
ձ˹ǰͷǱ۸ͷȻͰԼ֮ˡ
СһݴΪβأձ˹̬ػش
һû뵽ôһشնһۣʵʲô񣿡
ձ˹ȴ˵ú󺹻̫ͷ
⻰ܵĶһ𾪣󺹻̫ͷʵء
˵Ҳһǵı鶼ձ˹аЧ
˺һᣬȻعձ˹ձ˹Ȼ˵Ѳݸ壬ƭҼҺͷˡ
˵Ҳعˡɫؿձ˹ֻҪһ˼ͷǵðɱй߲ɡΪǰʱͱ˺ƹΣƭ
ںͳ£ո㣬Զʤֵձ˹ٴҲƭ
ձ˹˵ʱϹϾǫ̬ȣĻöܵһתΪϲ
Ϊһ˵̫ͷ͸ӦøΪֵǮɣ˵˲٣Ǻϲƨ
ĺӦҲ֪Ѫ𣬲ʺֱӽӴ˲ͨϵԱԸ֮⣬ǻ̫ͷ­
ձ˹ܸͣɻˣɵʵǿƶߺѪΪλҪӵͷ­ȥͶأ
ܵĻ˵еһֱձ˹ҲǱһɫҲһ˲飬ָֻ˱ǫܽ͵ϣ˲˵Ҫ군ˣҿƶ廹һֱΪ£ͷֻ³
ʲô˵ʲôҪ군ˣһ⣬ľ֮Աſͣһ
ҲͶܲ࣬Ȼ˵˼ʤ̣ʵ벻²ᵽҪ군ĵزؼǵãǰ²жšһתۼ䣬ȻҪ군ˣʵǷ̫ˡ
ձ˹֪ǲţ͵ͷ͵¾ʵ̫ƴʹôҰԽԽСɶҰսʤɥʧҰսƣרҲ⼸ˡ
ôᣬǻ̫һǳ˶գҲǺദġճȥµĻ࣬˼ʶҲ㡣
ձ˹¶һ˿ЦҲҪ˭ȡŲ֪ɣ˶գֱӻ߼ӵ˺У̫Ҳ˼褵ı
һȻ˷ص˺ʶ˵ǣ;˺Ƚ²ЩʲôҪٱҪˣҲôͺˣ
еżҿڵʱҲڡǱ˺ŵģľһȰͶ
Ҫ˵˺б£ţԼҺվֻܺǺˡ
Ҳֻѣ׷ձ˹ˣǿƶôõ̫ͷ­


733 ˵ķӦ
ձ˹̬ʼչʻҲһʱҿƶ弸ͻȻһ˵ֹ̫ͷ­˶յͷ­Ҳõ
ҲкκôҪȥϵʵöһڴӦͲ÷ˡ
ձ˹ȻԴд𰸣ϻشϰҿƶĻһãʾ꣬һܵõҿƶЧҡ˽ѵҿƶԻƽѣ첻ݡ
˵תܣջͨԭɹ֤ʤҿƶ岻ֵȴֻһˡ
һ㶣ŹЦ鼫Ϊ⡣ձ˹һ֪Լ⻰ܵˡ
ʵձ˹ղŵĻѾ͸¶ĵԭ±壬ͶûаëǮĹϵû˵ȥɨܵˡ
ȶܵˣղʵǵõ˲캱ͬ⣿
ȻǴӺͶĽŻǰձ˹ͷش
ԼҪʵ֮󣬱㿴ܣ
ãҶɹˣæˡЦݣص
ձ˹ﵽĿģϣҿƶԶڲܺѡ
ãҪһͳɹŲԭһƽĻԻ͡Դε
ձ˹Աһѣƾ˰ȫűĴȣ˽գǸ˶㡣ڻҪгɼ˼ĻԻͣǲ
û˴ƶܵΣֻйϲƨΨˣǶԼġֻܶԿϽԵؿ֮˶ԵġڶܣûΪһؿ֮ˡ
Ϊǿƶ壬ǰżҿڣʵۡ˵⻰оϴʱľʦһͷɹȥˡ
ڿƶͶƾʲôȻһ仰˵˵ѣҲš
Ȼûʣձ˹ܽ˵׼ж֤ƶľġ
ڶ죬ܾʹѺƤǰżҿڣȻżҿؽΪʵͨ
ܿ죬һʹżҿڿ޺õˮ·ʦȥ
ڣڶǰʹάǵĺӡȹ˾ܶܶࡤ˵¶˹ѷܳ·ˡʱһθڴ󿪣һ跹˼źļ˸ˡ
֮ǰյԼɳȥĽ˹ָ£֣֥ȫûϢʱǷǳԼӢľߣմ̵ͨϢ¢⣬ǸԴŻ
ĽչһжԤڣͬʱҲΪ˹Ĵ󵨽кãû뵽ôһ۹Ȼǿиɣ˲һ
ӡߵǸңʵҲôֻҪ֧ǹǳ
˷֮࣬ӡǵļŮͶʵ۵¶ؾһѡ
ǣ˲˶ʱ䣬Ȼ˽ӼȫûϢʱǵجģԼ跹˼ûļŮ˱ӪйԼŭ
˹ĽȫûԭֱȻϰȥս
Ȼ֮ǰյϢ˵ս˺ܶӣ˺ܶʱĸˡ
ΪԱصǷ񳷻˲ͷһֱ죬յȷϢ˵ֻǿͷ˵˵Ҫںȴûһ㶯
ķҲ½ǿһ㣬⺣ϻԼ¡
Ȼʧ˲սպúһս֮ǰʧ
ΪԱɳ㹻Ҫ֮ǰ˽Ĺģε¼УҲúǣӴ˽ȡ
ȱ֤˽𣬲źʹ˴İ̡Ȼκ޹أǸ˹ΡҪϰ͸д˰̡
˵ҪԱ˵ҪʹάǣֻǵЦѡûһ֧㹻ǿĽӣֻǳζѡ
Ӣ˳׸ϳǣԼ¢ϣס֮¿ǶԸ֮¡
ţԺӵǿȡεĽѵٵ½Ͳа̡
뵽ߵǽϣŶǵͼһ̴ְͷȥˡ
ڱں̣ͳΡڵĺˣû˭δʤе׽Ӯˣֻʱѡ
ʹúڶ֮ʱкǿơʹѷɱ֮ǰǵ¢ϡܴ죬ʹ÷ɱ
漴ְĿ۵˽ֺҪطΪΧͨ½·Ӵ˽ȻҲһ⡣
ΪЧӦ˱ԭʷҪ˼꣬˽ֺϡ


734 Сɾ
òƲӽϣϽȥ·ϣ̧ͷգͻȻ˵ôһ仰
Ҳſ죬ûʲôͷû˵
ǹ˰ٴһ㲻ͬӽүָ£Ҫ䲻١
ӽջĿ⣬תͷĹ˰ٴԣˡҪ̾껹ûѩȥʱ򣬲Ѿˡ
˰ٴһ΢еΡ漴һ룬˺Ӹλǵø࣬ԼֻһۣҪְǻ˺벻Ҳ
ǣ˳ӽ˼·̹Ȼصѩ׷꣬ճҲǺܺáҪֲѩĻճɾ͸˰
ӽͷ¶ɫͳصСʱڹȻ鴫üսУ
ԭŵȰѽ²ɵˣһ㡣ɿԽԽʹȥܻܿء
ӽɵÿԺģ²ǿǿʳ
˰ٴѾδӽĿСˣѾֲ֣Ҳû
ӽԼһ·飬ܿ͵Ͻǡ
ϵطӽĻʵۣһߵҲһк
ϬĿ⾹ȻҲǺйء
ֻʵϵһ£ӽζһ£ֶϵ㶫ʡٹԱ鵯ͬѪ飬ʺѲӾ֡
Щ¶ȵڸȻʹǰġʶ֪ʲôݣûбֳرı顣
ӽ֪ͬӡ󻹿ԡٹԱ鵯ǰĵӾ翴˵ԵʣϷӦֵͬòˣһˡ
Ӹλ˵ķ㣬ӰܴһǰČ˿һֻ࣬Լ⣬缸䡣
ӽһ£Ȼһ£ʵ£Ǳ߶ԴʲôϢô
ӽһЦŵͷѺʵˣЩԱ¶Ϊʣ߱ؾᣬͼó͢ᣬͬˡ
ƾٳĽʿүǣʸӣǵרһҪʲôܸ桢ݺ֮ģֻҪôʵʱ򣬱ʷ΢תһ£˼Ϳƫʮǧȴ޷ǵܸ
ӽʵжۣȴ˵£ɵҲе棬ʳʵ۵£δã
ʵˣǿһۣȻЦŻش޾׼˼¶תͬͬʱΪݶʷ
ӽһôһطԱ֪͢˼ٸС͵úúõ
˵꣬ӽȻһ⣬ͲôµĹԱѡɱЧ͸ˡ
ˣǵĺһ̣Ц
ʵӽҲЦŵʦ뷨һ޸û˵꣬׼˵ģ˵ˡ
ӽһ΢еΣԼеŪˡʣҲй飬ʵʵĴͶĵգ¯ࡣ
ʰӽı鿴ȴ˿ûгЦӽڹعǰ󵶣˺ԽԽнˣͳ֮ʱˡϲ£
ʵһҲЦŵʦˣȷʵı˺öࡣʦһ˴˼ȴû䡣
ӽû뵽Լһ仰ȴô佱е㲻˼Ҳý⣬ʹҲнˣԭǸСӣȴǽСɾζЦ
⻰һڣʵۺʶЦ˺еʱͦĬġ
һվľͷ˵ļŮӽĻɵ͵͵ȥ顣
ĻڵһԵ죬ùŮкǻϲΪǵӲùġ
һᣬʵ۲ϵһ£ӽ˵ʦͬϵ£˵غÿ̨֮󣬵·Ţӵ׾ڣӴˮĲÿضˮ೧
ܺðϷˮҲȷʵҪռˮСӽ˵ͷ
ʵϽӿ˵ӽǰԭʹûһ̿ô󣬲޷ﵽϷʡݵҪʦʲô취
ʵôʣ϶˵ӹ֣ȥֶֽΣͲӽǰˡ
ӽһ룬Ժг֣ϸ£ȴ־ú⡣һʱ֮䣬ӽĬˡ
ʵۺʿӽӣ֪˼ҲӽˣԼڣô˼·


735 ר
˺һᣬӽ̧ͷʵۣ΢еԥ£ſˮ䶼ˮࡣһˮͻõܴߣɱӦҲήͲ٣ͨҲõ𡣡
һüͷû˺ֻôһ⡣ˮ෢Ҳһ㣬͢׬˲Ǯһûˮĺ͢ͻһġ
˺²װɣָ͢ˮǮأѵ
Ȼˮ˺ģѾ׸͢Ҳ˼档ΪֹǹӦ󣬲Ҫڳ͢޽ˮ·֮ãʱᱻʹ͸ʹ֮á
ôߴϵεһһ·ſѸв١
ʵҲǺͬ⣬üͷû˵˽ӽȻô˵ˣĵˣʵ۾͵ӽĽ͡
ӽʻ֪Ҳǳ֮У⡣
ǣתʣϸĽ͵´ˣô˵Ҳиݵģҷ
ʵͷû˵ֻǿӽ
һˮʵûжټѾвٵطʼ޽ˮ೧ڵ޽ˮ·ģȻбܴʩʱ˾й¶ȥôˮࡣ
ʵһ˾ʦˮ೧֮⣬żҿڡɽءݡϾȵҲѾˮ೧ˡ
δиˮ೧Ὠ˵ͬ£֮ǰҪˮ·£ѾѹһѣԼû
ˮĽԽ࣬йܵĿԾԽȷʵǸ⡣
ʵ뵽еεؿӽ˵
ڶˮĺôȻ˵ֻˮ·ɡʮʡе·һ¶޳ˮ·ͨܶ࣬ڴٽľвɵ͹ãѧҲϾȫչΪһṩ˲š
ռȫĽ֮ǰѾɹʶõ൱ӡڴʵȫյʶ֣Ȼòˡ
رʣʹˣ֮ܿʢǾһźˣеĶˡ
תøˮ࣬͢ҲǿǮġ
ӽ⻰û˵꣬ͱе㾪ϲسʵ۴ˣæʵʦôǮ
ˮ࣬ܣ͢յǮٲΣĿܣǾõĽʽˡ
ӽųʵۣ뷨΢ЦŸ͵£иɷר涨˭ʲôʲô¼͢걨רȨһõȷ֮Ժ󲻹˭ֶõ¼Ҫ߽һרǮôô
ôʵ۶ӽ׷ʵ
ʵĳ֣֪ӽĳʵۺʣȻ
һܹ߱䣬ѺöȴֲõĽ̻ͽܣʦ
ӽڽ͵ʱ򣬻һ£Ҳȫעͼ˵ڶ·ԴԴϵرȫƹ㣬һ츣еİաͱˮ࣬ռٲΪܺʽġ
ʦרǽĿǰĺ÷ʵˣ˷ܵһкõ
ȴ⣬üͷʵ˺Ҫ䶼֪ˮ࣬˽͢ô鴦ЩδǮĳأ
ӽתԥػشܼ򵥣ֻҪǮͷ֤طٸֻû֤֪Ƿʸ񡣡
򵥣ʵͷüͷչ˿
ӽȴûرˣתʵۣ˷еˮ£ʵʩרѵġ
ʵһһ£ǵϽʦкѣ
ղӽûֱ˵ר뵽һЩѵ㣬ʵ۽ܵĽܹ㣬רļͱͶѡ񳼼磬ֱڼ걨רȫط֪ܿǷѾר
ʵۺʶ֪ͨѶӽֻǶۼģοзɻ֮Ķˣ˲ûоʲôڼ걨ʣʡӽٿˮ
ڶԭҲҪԭ򣬾ôֹЩרȥָȥǹؼ
ûʲôʷ֮ͥģڹʼľסһʵʩר¼һռȻȥ
ǺȡǷʤ顣


736 
ʵһôһǰװױˡͲԸˣüͷһԴһεصʦרǳ˼ߣ
ӽûлشһߵҲҡҡͷûкõĴʩֹ֮˰׵úô粻ר
ʵתͷʣ΢΢ͷͬ˵
ղ֮û˵רӽ΢Ц£Ȼʵ
ŶʦʲôˣʵۼӽϵЦݣ̲סе㾪ϲʵ
Ҳǲر֣ڴ˺ĻشΪһᣬ벻ȽϿеķ
ֻӽͷȻ΢Цŵӣһڵ⣬һǳڵĽ
һ˺ɵúеԾȳʵۻһʵ˺Ǻ⣬˵
ӽ˶ǳڴӣû˵Լ뷨ѵ˵һ㣬ַ˵º´˲οһ¶ѡ
ʵеϽӽʦ֪㣬˵
ǣ¡ӽӦһŽ⡣
ڵĽǲȫſˮҲ˵ˮһʸ飬ϳ͢涨һܼйܵķ
ʵۺˣҲǸʱԵķӡ
ЩӰȽϴģ򳧼ʹõʸ񽫸ϸҲ˵רڷּıƶȡ
ӽ˵룬ֲһڳļ磬Ҳƶȡ
ʵһҲôǸǲġ
ʵǸעһӽ˵˵һ󣬱㲻˵ڵȳʵ۷̲סͲʵ˺ǳڵķأ
ʵԭ׼ڵһʵĻϸĿڵ԰ʦ˵˵һӡ
ȻλôҪӽͼ˵ڶӣǰҲרɷ
⡭ˣ˵û˵о̫˼ˡ
ҪڴڣҴɷҲ˵ùȥ۵ǣ˼Ұרȥڱôܣ
ʵҲһɻӽʦθ뷨
ӽ֪ʣϾڹŴûй顣
ˣʵһʳڣͲŲæػشҲרַ֤רбר
ʵ˺һᣬӽǻô
е˼飬ɵӰɣ˺֮ڣʵ־Լʲôطû뵽ġ
Ȼֻӽ֮ǰɫ䣬͵ΪʲôֻҪ㹻漴ɣ
ô˵ʻʣӽ˺㹻棬ôǴͳԿô
ӽԿʣһĲ⣬͸͵ȻܳԿҪֻ˫Ӯѡ
ʦ㲻Ҫһһشˣһ뷨ǰǰȥ˵˰ɣʵۼˣҪ
ӽһ²ܹˮˣˣʹ˳ʵ۰ɡ
ǣʵۣʼϸϸؽ£Ҫ˵еĹңҴǺġеĹңźʹ⣬Ӵ׬һǮȥóһ仰˵г
£뿴ֻ׬һһǮˣ׬Ǯж٣
ӽϰԵֿʼʵۺʣԼθһ˵꣬͸ϽԼŵֻҪشרڴרͿרǷǮ
ͱ˵粣ǳʷģרô˲ÿʮӣ͢һɣ˵ĳɣʵɣھ嵽ʷ˵ö٣ɳʹٸԼȥ
ʵ̲סˣɵʦⷢǿˣô󣬻ר
꣬ӽ֮ǰıȷɵ˼
£׶ԱȡΪ˿ںͲƸԭ򣬷ڳֻʮƷһӣڴȴһټƷֵΪӡ˵ףҴг㹻󣬹㹻ǿڡ
ôһ׬Ǯ͢׬Ǯ׬ǮˣҲиƷѡҲ˵ôԴҶкôֶΪأ
ӽ˵֮󣬳ʵۺʲû˵ϸϸš˺һ󣬲ŲԼͬͬ⣡
˭֪ӽ˺ֲʵһЩӵĺôҲǲġ


737 ԴΪ׵Ϲ
ʵԭѾˣӽôһ˵־ϲæʵʦкκô
ӽһЦϻش£ãԽԾԽáרɴʹרܴٽҴõķչ
뿴һƷ֮ɵҴڣǻԽԽңԽԽĹҲľ˼ҲͨǵĹȥǺʵġ
ʵһӽǰ˵ûսۣɵյһݾϲӽݣԺƱĹңǳףóпס˱
ӽ˵˵ţȻðһ⣬ӽʵ˺ôң϶еĹҲϼרڵôררô죿
ӽһԴð桱֣û˵ǻشʵԣ϶Ĺҡ淢ʱ򣬾ɴͷϼרĹһȴӾƲҡ
ʵ͸㲻ˣӽʦΪƲã
ƲȻԺ΢еĹƵ˵öӡŴȴʣҲѹֳʵҪˡ
ǣӽ͸ʽ͵£Ʋã򵥵˵öԷľܵ˵ҳڴҾֹǵĴҪʳģҾʳ
ӽôһͣˣ˺ҪҼȲڣֲأô죿
⻹治ϹģڹŴ⽨ңԸʵǳ̬Ҳǵĩڼ䣬֮ƷͨŶҪЩʱ򣬾󲿷ֹҶԸģʽ
µ˺вԸ˼ά
ʵúãӽһȻٽ͵漰뽲õڶӵĺôͨר԰Һʹһ𡣸ղ˵ɴǣͷƲþһ֡ôȻоƲãȻҲͿϳַȡר޳ܹҡ
ȻһеǰǣΪ׶ĹңҲרȻҪ㹻ǿ󡣷Ҫ˵ַ߾ƲˣԱѡĻǣԴ⡣
ʵид̾һУҪڴ㹻ǿĻϰ
ӽԵͷʵ۸ǰҪ㹻ǿ½ȥ۸ˡŶǣ壡
˶Ƹд֮ǰĴɵöĬĻʱͰ
ѵȺĻһ̣һϽѵ£ˡ
ʵһ˿ɫЦŵ͹ŵʱ޼ǵҽĻɲҵλĽ
һ֮£ɿ콨ӽамӽʶʵˡ
ŰĲˣʵΪп˵ʦ޲ܳϱǰʢʳ
׼ֵӽһЦŻصⶼǱ飬ڼԼŻô򵥡
ҲŴȤѵõûһ㣬Ϊ˹¶ԼʡԼá
ôһ佱͵վγˡض˿ӣʼ
ų˸뱥ʱʵ۾ӽˣʦҪֵһĻ᲻᲻㣿
ӽһ˽һĺʨͷȻ̧ͷʵۣҡͷһַ޳ܵĹңΪ˽Լսɱ⣬ҲԴΪڣȡһרΪáǮҴ߹װǹӶӣǿѡġҴӮս֮󣬻ҪԷ⳥á
˵Ҳ¿ӣ廰˺ķӺˣϸ￴ˡߺͳ͢Ҳһ𡣵Ϊͬ棬šһʱ¾Ͷðˡ
ӽˣе㲻˼صʵûʲôֻǽǩҼѡ
ʵһǳȤʵʦҲΪ׵Ϲң
аɣҲһЭϹ֮ʲô飬ٲáʵϣϹɳǿһ˵㡣иŽۣȫʱҪһܡ
ӽĵλͰԵɵֲϣҴгһգҲôߵĵλȫ綼ɴ˵㣡
ʵȻһᣬȻ˵ã޾ŬôΪһ۹
Ϊ˷ܲѣΨʰԸ̾Լ䣬޲Ἰʮꡣ
ֶ֮רϸۣϸڡ
ר˵ףطҪǡһֱһ֮󣬲ٿ飬׳˿ܣٽۡ
󣬲ų˱ȽƵķר׼ڴʮʡʵʩһӣôİյǼǵרٿʼ򷪹


738 ս
żҿڴ˼죬ڵȴʵ׼ʱڣſƶµһձ˹żҿڡ
ձ˹żҿڵľ޴仯𺳵ӣоͳ˵⡣յĳ֤Լ۹ҪǸߣͶ˴츲ر仯ĺô
ܸձ˹ֵܸдϵرĻԭеľ֮ܿ۽硣⼸·ܱ֪ܣձ˹ǹªŵδߣ˴˵ķӦԱöܼΪ⡣
ձ˹Ϊֺöܣװ𺳵ı顣ǰһżҿڣڵżҿȫӡеżҿˡ
˵ôδûˣ̺·ƽɽ࣬Ϊ⡣
󣬾ͽӵʵͬǽ֪ͨձ˹ͨʦˮ·ʱΪݵˮ·пžȻĳӣߵ·ˣ޲¶ʾĹǱǰָ߳˲١
һ˵ﾩʦĵڶ磬ձ˹ں½صȴʵټ֮ʱȻһȺˣѶܺձ˹ȥ˻͵Ĵ
ձ˹ҶˣͷŶܴҴҽ
ӽλϣվŲگŵŽŶɹˡ
˺Сݼ˺ܽϳλϵǰӡ̵Ĵ˺æڹ񣬻ȻԼʵԲùݡ
ձ˹һܵĻһæŹȥ˺ôûл֮˶Ҳ֮֡
ɡһһеĸоʹձ˹еԾӡУ˺ӦǸɱϡϽŶԡ
лүܸ˵Ӧһ󣬲վ
ӽ·ûпܱˣֻʶܵ˵ӹúܺð
˺үĸС׬ЩǮܿԼеĹˣֺõػش
ӽͷֻҪؼӴĹذ£ǲֻԽԽá
СףСסȫûɹŲԭϵİףӽһ˵ϵ̬ػش
ӽԶ̬ܵȺ⣬ƤţЩһֱҪΪṩһЩܶ׬Ǯȴ첻ҪЩˣЩֻԼС
ǣǣСסͷ
ӽʱע⵽ܱϵձ˹͵Լ͵û΢һ㣬Զ˵ҪŴҪЩʱӼۣͷȻĳ˲кýġ㣬ô
ӽ˵⻰ʱ棬ҧñȽأʹöܳһ̬ҡ
ˣȴˡѪѪĸ֣ԼĲʹ𹥽ں󣬱屨顣ɵðԺڣ֪գǺʹַҲҽˡ
ӽ˵ûٺͶ˵ֻǰ۾ձ˹
һߵĶһæүλǿƶ߲ʹ
Ȼظһձ˹ݺ͵ĿģȻѾǰѾˡ
ձ˹ֵԼˣæ¹£ͷСձ˹ƶǰ޺ãԸ鸽
ǿƶһĺͽ²ǱΪ飬䵱²Ĵ֣кҴôգôһ鸽ˣ
ձ˹˺æ͵үϢŭǶԭĴҪʹ𡭡ͽ²ˡСʵǲԸģ
ӽһЦЦձ˹﷢ëӽŵǼҪ˽²鸽İɣ
Ȼʵ飬ֱ˵̫ƶҲں̸Сձ˹ͷү˵Цˣ²۱ʮ˵аܸʵδ𡭡
û˵꣬ͱӽˣȻˣôսϼˡ
˵꣬ӽվֱˡ
˺ǳŵּ˵߾ߵӣձ˹ˡ
ҪΪƼˣҲᱻǿƶĳ͡ʱҲ˲æүձ˹ˣ²ȷʵĩջƻ
ӽպߵձ˹ǰǼٶе㾪ŵվס˽Ųϵ˵ƶҪ벻壬ֻͶҴİš֮⣬޳·
ձ˹̧ͷе԰ףӽǺɫԥһᣬջǵͷҿƶԸͶ
ߣҪסƶ塣
ӽһһЦ˾ͺáϾƶ廹мӣҶܴӽ²ӪзҲܼսµѶȡ
ɹõ
ǿƶĳ⣿ӽʵ


739 ²״
ձ˹֪Ӧ֮£׼ӻͳһƤȻͷ˫ϣүǽ²ıͼ
گһǰһȡƤȻӣӽסƤǣһ£ת˺ͷүȷʵǱͼ
ӽûȥӣת߻λһ˵թӵĺǣҶԱ֤޿ƶ壡
Ļ䲻ɷ֣ȴձ˹죬ͷ亹
ңңҿƶͶձ˹̧ͷһ߿˺պλһæ֤
ӽÿɷӣһһܻ鷳£æ⽨²ıֲֻС֮ǰģҪб䶯һἰʱ档
ӽ˵㣬΢΢ͷӸԼߵĲگùֲͼ£Ȼ̧ͷձ˹ʵ˵˵²Ľɣ
ձ˹һ֪ʱһءӲ˲ͷĺȻ󹧾ػش²ܲá󺹡ū̫һ죬һ죬Ѿ˺ܾˡԣ²񣬲ܴСץС˽´⣬ĲĲġ
ӽ˲ɵе̫ͬԴͱ˵̬ƣȻûжٴսĳս޲оǿʤƽתƣ׳־Ļ̫ƳŹ֣
ձ˹֪ӽеЩܽ²˶նͶΪһ̫ò롣ö鶼ǵŻ̫˵һף˱һס
ӽ΢΢ЦͬʷһʴƷյͻ˲èͿʼֳԼС˼ˡ
뵽ӽһ˵˵̫Уʵڶ֮֡䲻֪٣֤һ㣬Ҳ뵱ϴ
ձ˹һ˵ţһС˺ķӦʱӽ΢Цæסڲ˵ΪԼ˵ˡ
ӽһ֣
ձ˹Լˣŷģ˺һ˶հøƣ˾ͺΪҲû˹
گһֳһ˿Цݣû˵
һ˶ռöʣǺͻ̫һġĿǰΪֹ̫ġ׺ֳŬͻ̫ɱ˭Ҳ֪ǲֻ̣ڵȴʱѡ
һֱվڱϣȻû˵ȴŵġ
տʼ˺˵ձ˹թʱĺëˡҪ˵Ļм˷ǵõβɡ
˵ǲթһĲŷȻ²˶յֿɵĿɿڴ
Ҫ֪ڼǰʱһ˶գ׷ÿģЩ˶緢ս޲ʤ¼òԭϵӢۺܷ׷Ϊ֮˱ᡣ
뵽͵͵λϵ˺Ȼøߴ
ӽȴûиеʲôֵģȻضձ˹˵²ʱ̣ܶȫһһʤǵľĺԼĸ
ڽ²˼̣ڲìܾͿʼˡ²ʵǽɳϵģһˮͶˡ
ӽ֮ûһ˵Ļһձ˹¶ԭ˵ı飬˵Ǻү壬С֡
˵֮ǰձ˹ӽǿѹȣĵ׻вʵػھ;û˿ˡеֻңҺһˡ
վڴĻǣձ˹Եعά˺Լͬ¶Ժ飬ձ˹һ
ӽûʲôرı飬ֻǼձ˹²ʲôӦô
ձ˹ͷϻشУ̫صİնеʢȥٽսֻ¾ӡʦһȥüҰһС
ӽٺһЦ̫Ҿôϧǵռ䲻
үӢ˻̫սһʱƻеĵ·ӳʦĽձ˹һƨȻֽͻ̫Ĳԡ
ӽˣ˸ˣȻ˵νھڰɣҰУóд۵ġ
ү²򲻹ʦʹԼİաЩˣԼŮ壬ҲвԹԡ֮¶ģҲءձ˹ᣬֽһ¿ƶ߾թԭ
ӽͷòˣվܿͽԽ²Ես£ϣƶ岻ʧúñ֡
ձ˹ͷּ˺Ҫ˵˼æ̽ʵүΰҿƶ壿


740 ҲҪʵ۵
ӽһûԥֱӾͶձ˹ȴӮ˽²֮󣬿԰ѿƶ߲ԭ»ǣ֮á
ӽ˵һߵĶܣȻڿƶ߲ԭ޽һǳأΪƶ֮áͬʱҲһóǣ˺ǿƶڳڽ
ҪܴϽҲ˵ԺƶͲһȺˡ
ձ˹뵽ԥʵүҿƶԺǴĳô
ӽͷ˵ֻҪܴﵽҪ㹻ĹͣͿԳΪҴĳԺԭӡⶼʹİͬȴˣҴʼʵʩѧǿƶߵĶͯҲѧ
ձ˹۷Ź⣬ķ·϶ѾˡҪǳΪҲܵⷱԭĺͿƶ߲еͷ죬㹻ĲƸʱʦһ׷ӣڲԭڲԭھʦסھʦסǺεȵ
ڿƶЩûǮ񣬲ѧôҲΪ֮
ձ˹뵽æʵүҪĳʲôҪ󣿡
һߵĶˣ˵ȴηӽƣԥ£ѻ˻ȥ
ûע⵽˺˵ǿƶʮ˵ʮˣʮܴ꣬࣬Ϊսսɵ۵ޣǰۡ
ձ˹˵ӽһڣȻ˵ȻҲǮۣȽϸߡ⣬ڵһڷûоãֻܳԱս޵ĻʹʿͬȽʮǿƶãȡһԴ
ӽ˵֮󣬾Ϳձ˹ػ
ձ˹Ը⣬ЩȨ˶ǮۡʱóǳؽˣƶҲܺͲһˮƽҲˡ
˵ձ˹Ҳûѡ񣬲ӦսսĽܾܿԸܵĽ
ˣӽһС˴ƶ壬Ըܡ
ӽͷߵĲگڿƶҲҪҴһԱҲˣʹȥӪι۲ιۡ
گ˺˼ȭӦĩ
ӽձ˹еɻӣ֪ʲô˼ձ˹͵ԭӪͳگû϶˵ǰ¾ͲˣúһΪЧɣ
ձ˹Ӫ֣֪ǰλ˭ˡɫһ£ܿͻָ¶Цݣ˫ֱȭǫص
֮ҲһߴگаԾû뵽վ˺ߵԱ佫ȻڲԭϴӪͳ졣
żҿڼλ۽ҲǰλگһӢ޵Уа̾˲డ
ӽ֮󣬿һߵĶܣ˳˵˾䣺Ҳһȥι°ɡ
ȻӽԼˡڵĻҲ˺ȥ
گƵүԸǰȥ
ձ˹ʵ۵飬˭ҲûᣬҲû취ֻӰˡ
ŲگҪ֮߳ʱӺȻ˳˳ձ˹ͷһԭǶܡ
ֻеŭʵ㲻췢ģԺһƽô
ձ˹ˣЦЦͷ߳ĲگȻתͷشҲʵ۵ģ
Ȼ¶ܣ߼ϲگȥ
ɫһ죬һףоձ˹ƭˡԼֻǿƶӴһѣùͱˡ
һɫָ̾˿ԼҲñĴȣڳ죬զզɣ
뵽ܾͰᶪ⣬Ҳ첽ȥ׷گˡ
˵ܺձ˹ι۾ӪֱľӪ𺳡ֻӽ˺ºҲԼھӪţӵĶӳơ
ӽù˰ٴûĽ²ͼƣȻ˵ɹſƶҴͶϣΪ֮һĽ²ͼӽǰɶʵͼʵԡ鿴²ĶΪսṩ鱨֧֡
ƲμӣѾʱ׼ӹͼ΢ɨһۣӽ˸ʽүģ¾ͽӺˡ
ӽͷǰڵıֶĺƵļˣ
ӵӦòΣգϾɶҰ⣬Ǵҹյˡ


741 ֵʱ
ʦڣ˷ԵøΪܼΪˣѲǵıòڿѲߣԤˮ
ȻʦҲ֪űڿִܻ֣˲˵طšһһãͼϲ
͢ĹԱѾ壬ȥͼһˡǣϽĻڣλͳʵ˵Ż
һˣһһãλӹΰʵۿŵµӽʣп˵
ʵô佱Ȼֱӽܣǫ֮Ҳÿȥ
źĻڵ̹ŮڶЦţһ꣬Ҳյ˲ʹͣúá˵ȷʵҪлڵλˡ
֪ԽԽãǿλˣرλ˺߾ͳĽ顣
ʵ۷˸пеź˵ϧ̫ˣͿ԰ȥɽͱ޽Ͳˡ
ǰʱ򣬳ʹձ֣֥ȻΪⵢ˲г̣ҲǸϻˡ
ձʶ࣬ôΪ֮⣬ֵûʱձ⡣Ͼձǳʣû۸ĳ̶ȡʱһͻᵢ鷪⽨һ¡
ȽʻӦɽһ£ûгϡѲѽ೯֮͢ʱҲ͵˶ѡ
ʵ뵽ЦŶӽ˵ʦʹˣСϷҪ֪Ҵô򵥵ˣ֪ô롣
ӽˣЦԼǲȫֻܹԼѡ
ʹͼôǵ棬ЩȥɽһɵѲ¬ǩԼ֮󣬲ûϾɱȥܡֻǰѺԼعڣ;ʦ¡Ҫȫһݸʹ󣬲Żȥܸɽ
ôһһأҪȥܸɽȻҪ괺ˡʾȻҪգЩϵɽȥζɹ϶ͻ볯Լ
Ҳ³ʷڣͮͮĳʹӡѾںԼˣֻһݴ͢ӡ¶ѡԼͻسʱһȫĺԼ
Ҫǳʻҷڣ˺ǩõĺԼվڵߵ㣬ʲôֶΣڸ
Ҵչޣȫ²ѳʻ˺󣬳ռ죬İͼʵ۵ã˵ĵ׵Ұġ
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ڳʣΪһ򳼷ϵһֱȽϺáҪȫռˣȡ˳ʰյʵġҲˣӽʵȰ棬ѳ汾һʱһߡԺ󻹻᲻⣬Ǿ͵Ժ˵ˣȰѴڵ˵
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ӽ֮ǰҲע⵽ȴΪ䴩ԽȴӰ첻ҺԼԽ磬ڴͬʷһ㣬𣬲֣˻ҽ鷳
ҪǸʱʵѾʰˣΪƻԶȽ׵öࡣƻһصȶֻǷַӵ飬Ҫ»ָȶȴҪѴС
˵Ҳһ򵥵ĴǰЩʡݵȫɱˣɱЩʡ㹻ʣµΪֹΥͣҲԺӽġ
뵽ӽԼѺ;ʱũɽպð췴ũԴͷһˡְѺгƼܶλϣסص顣򻹵ĴѹũɱЩȥ췴İգӽԸ⿴ġ
ʵһʵĻ˾Ͳˣһµʶ̧ͷͨ촰ȥȴκζջĿ⿴ӽʦ˵Сʱڻ
ӽͷΪп˵Ҫʮֻ꣬ҪʱڣԺͿԴչȭˡ
˵ѳʵۺʵǼó׵ĸۿڽ裬ҲҪӿ죬ʵʩµв˾ƶȣ̶Ϊ㹻ľȼʡ
öǵȼôڵص飬ӽΪҳһ·ӡͿԼʡݳʣչǲԳôġ
ʵõͷʵʦҪæڶ²ս£йضó׸ۿ£ڸҪץ
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˵²ս£ʵתӽʦ꽫ǽɶ²Ϊؼһꡣʲôʱ򷢶Ϊã


742 ¾㱸
ôҪ飬ӽйǵģϻش£ΪԽԽã󺣽ⶳ֮ʱͷɶսΪá
ŶʵӦһȻеʵΪΣ
ͽ²ĴսȻΪҪ顣ʻ˺սԴ˱мġӽҪɶս£ҲȤš
˵սϵ飬ӽԵе࣬ûһ΢Ц˵ǰƶṩ鱨²Ϊʧڲ˴ìܣƶͶһӡ
֮ǰʱӪݺݵʰһΣƶν˲ءһ˵ôĳޣǵصʱǲͶеģοͶ
ʵͷʵڿƶȨ˵ɱˣкܶҲӪıСǼ䲻ǵδ϶ôɡΪʵе㵣ĵѵʦһƶǷū֮թô죿Ͼ˫Ѫ
ʵ۵⣬Ͳ£ԭ嶼ǿΪʲô𲻳ģھǰġ
ӽһۣĵƾḻڹŴͨΪԡ
ʻ棬ͬԭܶϰ׶Ƿ˼ôڵġ
Ȼӽһشʵ۵ƶ巴Ӧý²ڲìܣϳ֪ļūԸ񡣡
е㲻ðüͷӽ˺ƭ˵ĻѻǾų棬һɼ٣
ӽˣʸмЦ£Ȼ˵´˷ģղ˵ֻһ档ɶľҲӡ֤һֲǰȥʵˡթҲзġ
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ʵЦ⻰ϲҪ֪ԭʷϣ²ôԸĻƾͲЦˡ
ӽҴӣ¾͹Լ֣ԻΪսӰսǺڣйڵ׼ұֺ̾ʵˣ֧Ŵ˴δս
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˻ᣬոһմ£ط͸͸ǳʵ۷ǳϣġ
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Ҳһ߲ԾԼĶ³룬Ц˺
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£ս˳ٹôɶһƬضعҪ͢ţȥؽɶС
˵£ӦġǵǱʶûɶôصУҲûⷽȥ롣
ھӽôһѣʵۺʻ࿴еȻһھϵ˺ѡ
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ӽڵͼϻһߣʾǵԤսĿʵֵĻⲿ¾ûн²ˡ
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ôһôһ̣ƱҪɹԱȥˡ
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ʴʱҲѾ뵽һˣͬʱʵ£ҲһƼ
ʵһӽֿʣȻȤصȱ˵дֽϣٸ޿
ӽѵʵ塷ˣ
һЦʵһغˡ


743 ϴ»ϴ
ǣϱīӽʸԱȥд֣Ȼֱʸʵۡ
ʵ۽ӹȥһһչ֮ӽʣֿǺǵЦ
ӽʱЦĪӣֽ̰ڵͼϡ
ӽʵ̹Һ֮󣬶һһֽдšӦѡ֣һֽдšƽѲĸ֡
˿֮󣬶Цˡ
ӢͬʵҲ֪ĻҲдһдˡʵЦŶ˵
ӦѡƽѲһҵʱ䣬Ͳؽ˱²ǵƽǡ
ɶʦѲ֮󣬱࣬ǰѾȥ˴֣ΪʽƽѲ
ڴʷǷǳģΪӦѡֻһ˶ѡյƽѲʱ⵽Ϊ׵һ˵ƹڶ˷ˡ
Ӧѡƽľ飬ȥɶĻӦܼ죬˸пɶ
ƽؽõӽĲ֧֣Ҳˣӽ֪Ӧѡɵòһֱڸ׸¶ᾭڸҲ֪Ӧѡĳɼ
ϵԭ˲ԼͬʵƼӦѡҲϳʵеѡ
ɫѾˣ˳Ķۣʵ۱˻ؼҡ
ӽʳϽǣŴ֡ǰӽʵ´ˣԪż죬úϢ
Ҫ֪ˣզһ˺ĻΪԼȥɶġ
ӽ˼Ϊ֮ǰãܹԼ壬ԼúϢѡ
˺ƲϷ岻ġ㣬ӦúúϢۿ塣ЦŻӦ
˵֮ипͻȻ˵ûϷ򣬵Բû˺
ӽûԼһĻôпֺǫ˵ٹٵıɶɶġ
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ӽĿԶȥ󣬱һ߿Сܡһ·ϣ˼Ѿҹˡ
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ӽ˸ſھͷļ۵Ҳȥɣﶼڵǡ
˰ٴЦӦһȻ治˵⻪¡صĽһҲѷɻؼˡ
ԪڹɣúϢϢҪ̵ġӽЦŷԸǵ
Ԫǳһ壬ڣžԪˣʮһʼʮڡмǶż٣бȽϳʱ䣬԰Լ顣
үɲУİȫҪġ˰ٴһæƴǵ
ӽ΢ЦŰհֵûµģֲ˵Ǹţ㹻ˡ
˰ٴ£ӽҪǼ٣Ÿмشл
һļǸӽߣкͼž۵ʱҪ˵ңԸͼ˶һᣬƭ˵ġ
ȥʱӽִӻͳ˺ÿ˷һݡ
˰ٴ˼˺׼ܺжǮ˼ȴǺǸжףһ֮󣬲ȥ
ӽԶȥת׼ʱȴӦ˸ſڣСµء
ѽô𶳵ˡӽ߹ȥæһ˵ţһһѳ˶ӡ
СһһˣȻѧײײ߲ǷǳϲԼߡ
Ժ϶ȫװţܻᶳӦûнֻͣǰӽߣһҸɷͶ븮
Ȼ񣬳ҹϲ
ӽ˵ȴܿϧûеӿԿʱǷǳʱ갤ĴᡣھֻܱŶӣˡ
ЩūЩʵϣôãӦںӽһ󣬾Ͱ˵˳
ӽĳƺҲСһ֮󣬾Ͳ֪ط˱仯˶ӽĳƺҲӡүתΪˡү
ӽ֪ӦЩʵʲôΪָණԭƶǶʵ֮󣬾˽˾Ĺ̺ԭӦִˡ
ʵѧһ;ڹŴУûȼգȵȡ˲඼ֻ֪ôʲôı󣬶εԭγɹ̣ȴûȥо
ӦΪӽ˵ӡһͷ˽ȥȴϲָıʵϷ
ӽӦų羴Ŀ⿴ԼڴԼİš£˵ɣڡרſһרЩȵۼһ֮󣬾͸רŸѧ֮ĳγѧڿ
ڱ˵Ҫôѡӽȴֻһ仰顣
ӦһԼĶܳڱֽϣʱһļӦ˵룬ӦŮˣҲ⡣
Ǹϴ»ôϴӦ˵꣬СһƬ


744 ѻֲ
ʱúܿ죬գۼǳˡûʱ䣬ѰżⲳⶳĿܿͻص˾ʦ
һϣ̫Ȼðͷɺ绹عţʹԵú˸оһů⡣
ǣھӪУȴվʿ䡣ǳʵۼ¾ӣÿʿ䶼ӵվš
¾ʿ䴩ź޼ףʽݷǹ֣бڵϡǹڶŵĴ̵⣬Եøۡ
㽫̨²࣬ԲگΪ׵ĽҲںվţʿһȴʵ۵ļ١
ÿ˵ﶼ׼Ҫһʱ󣬲ŻʵۡϾ̫ˣһҲ֮С
ǣʵȴûôվ˴Ųʱݾ͵˾ӪפءǸ벻ǣʵġ
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ڵ㽫̨ĺΣӸ˵ڰ塣ʵûйȥվڵ㽫̨ǰŵһǧҵ¾ʿ䡣
й֮¾ʿվ˾ϢΪһͷͦظڳʵǰֳǸ߰ľ
ʵۿ¾ֲͷע⵽ԼĴ󺺽ִ󺺽ȥȻΪߴͣ⺮Уȴȱһ¾ɢı뺷֮
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ڱҰսڱӪֱͨУȻʵС
ʵͨԶȺڵɵðľȷʵԱȣ²ôڴΧĸ£Ҳֻɳ
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ɾʵǾӪ¾δıľӪҲӪɣսȻ¾ӪҪռǳ֮פս½ٽӸ͹֧߾
·ߵİԽԽ࣬Ȼ͢Ϊֵ͵ûӪôĶʦն֪ǰɶͽ²̣Ͳˡ
ӳĩ²Ű֮ڵĳ꣬Դ˺ֲྩӪ֮󣬾Ϳʼʤһһʤ˾ʦԼġ
Ϊ˾Ӫʦոеⰲȫڼ͵İһӪˣֱӰһͳţðűĺСЩ֮У׳Ͱˡ
Ӫǰ棬룬ƮƮʿԹ۵İΪ֮кá
ǸıӪһˡӪӭƮӪʿݷǹ͸北¸ͷսһͷ˿
Ӷ֧кĸ飬֧飬׷⣬ĸһҵѪ
Ӫǰ֮ʱͻȻӪʤ֮׳һ
ֻҪ˴ͷеİնһ֮ңЩʹ˲ʤꡣǰδ֧ӻðӵ
Ӫ֮ǧ¾Ĳû취֮ǰļսУսĲ٣ûôˡսⶫźֻغѹӽͲûлȥ䱸
֧ӺǰӪֲͬӪȻװͳһȴ廨šھǰ֧ӣǰѾϰߵֻʽҲͳһݷǹͨϣֹзȰڶһһоʹߵİմĵײɵðǿͷ
ȴͷԵغˡ䣡Ҳһ䣡
ʤ
ʤ
ԽԽľʦձ׷׸˳Χۺͼ͵ĶС
ڲǳĳӪװĻ֮࣬þʦΪ֮Ծ
ȻܶڶòţɸͷС״ȴǲһеİվ͵ߵ˽ܣʾʶĹ㲩
Ұսڣ˾ߡֻҪߵĵطӰӡ
Ǹ϶Ƿɻڣ䣬ٶ֮죬ֲ˶ڡ²ԶֻڣɱҲڿϳ塣
ǱߣǺĴڡټ̵ĳǳҲֻǶѣһһڳǽ塣

̲ס˾䣺֣Ǹģ
˵ģר⾩Ӫͽ²ս£ǳʡпղ١ι߰һû˵أ
ʱȻ˺һ˺ˡ
ʱֵߵۡ˵֮Ȼֹ˶·пȥѰ˺Ӣˡ
ھʦȫֻ֪˺ɶۻġоУ£ܺҡ
ӽһߣһڵģе¾ʦյ顣ǰ߹ľӣΪ֮Լͳ˧ƾͻøˡ
һҲû⣬ǧͷʲô˺ꡱ֮ĻǾͲˡ
˭֪ӽûҵҲûˣôأѵǸ
һͬʱ΢΢еʧ䡣ԼĶ·Ƕ·ʩһ㣬ܴܲһ
ӽ֪ΪйĴ˵̫࣬ķ˼̫࣬¾ʦ󲿷ְհӽ·˵ɰ˺ֻܳ羴ԶۣбΡ
ȻӪһȴֻǴ֮áս֮ʱսӪרҵ
Ǿ֮ʱŵ·ֿʼǰŵӽ벻ͨ
еĴգĿžԶȥտʤǵУһġ
뿪ʦ֮ӽӪиȥӣвگ죬оٶǰ


746 
Ǵ쵽ˣҲǳѡûҪ£һ˶ڼﲻ
ӽӪϵʱȻַҲѿظۡӽһس˶Ȼ̫ҽԺҩͿĨɻ󶳴Χ
ӽ֪ԼʵԭϷ˶ڱرСʱڵϺܲӦ
ȻЩСˡӽԶɼЦߵĻǵǿͶʣ̡סɡϴʱ˲ˡ
ΧԼˣȻûʲô˼ɵġ˰ٴӽպӭ洵ķ򡣿ſڣЦŻشүָķ·Ȼˡ
ֵܻȥΪдأҲ֣һ߽ҷ
һȵؿģȥô֪ģ
ٺ٣ΪҲȥˡֻǿıӰûкѡĵҲԭ˵˳
ӽԣתЦʵģҲǸǮôôȥˣ
е㲻˼Ӻףӽ̹׵Ŷ׬Ǯű
һ׷ȡЦġĵƤҲֻǺǺǵЦš
΢פ㣬Ӫȥ
ͷǰʩΪ϶ѾͣҪٹһʱ¿ʼʩ
ͷҲѾˡۿͣĺЩֻ󲿷½ģкüѾİϡǧϵĸֻһСѣʱȻ
Щֻںⶳ֮󣬷Ϲ׼ɴġ
ھͷ࣬һӪԺṩʱפ֮áڷӶû齨ɣȻҲо档
ӽӪֱ
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үöȶѾ׼׵Ӫһȥָܰʹӽ
ӭź磬ſʵѣӽ͵ͷǱʾ֪ˡ
·Ϊԭ򣬱ͲࡣϼǧĶɢɢ·ߣӪóȥ·
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ӽԶԶȥֹģСһ£ٹ˼磬ͷʵʷʵЩ״ô
æͷػصǰһΣʮ˸˾ɵ㣬ˡ
ӽͷû˵ˡ
ܿ촩ͷӪӽϢɫ磬ʵˮʦѧýô
ԶھӪ档æش
ߣȥӽԸ
аеôðϺȥѲ飬ǲ
뷨Ҳһ˲飬׿ͷרǰͷ·ӽŽܣŵıݣͬʱҲΪܸ˺ºӡ
˾ӪţûԶָԶһү뿴ٽǴˮʦѧáǴСͷҲˮʦѧõģǰпˮʦѧõڰŪЩս
ӽŽܣǱ߿ȥĿľǿͷϵսռͷһ봬λ
֪һսڸΪ崬Ľһозơ
һǰȥˮʦѧñţ˵ӽһҪˮʦѧʱſӵһˡ
μүȺ˿ӽȭ
ӽǰǴӦԪ΢һ֣֥ˡǺһЦ˳·ιһ¡
˶ӵӽˮʦѧȥһߣӦԪһ߸Լ÷ˮʦѧõ
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ӽ˴ţ˽ˮʦѧõΣԴһһѧԱҲǴ´ࡣ
ˣһѧԱǸطˮսĲ֣ܺܿҪЩѵֻսĴ򷨡
үˮʦѧܱ֤ṩ㹻ˮ齨һ֧ˮʦӡӦԪӽ֤
ĹڳϣҲǺͱһƺӽΪүñΪӽ÷԰ڡᣬϣġ
ӽصͷ׼߽ˮʦѧõĴʱ澹ȻܳһСΪ֮һ


747 ֣ɹ
Сúأ·ϣȻҲǸ˼ҳһȺˣһ¡
˭Һӣôˮʦѧõģӽɵʵ
ô˵ˮʦѧҲǾУҲͨڵĽأôܳСأ
ӣ㲻ҪƤһӽ𣬽ѵǸС
Ȼתӽǰεؽ͵үĩĶӣմձӻء
ӽ֪֣֥ˣһǰ˵Դֵ̿ӣвɵЦˡ
Լֲһ̱֮ˡҼҲиСƤҲ첻ѧ·ڵܡΪף⡣
ͬˮʦѧ˼ǲ֪˺Ƣ֣֥ġ
ӦԪȿˣӽ˵үֻĻΣС
ӽû˵꣬һڣĻȻ֣֥մձӣ֣ɹô
ǵ֣֥ӣӽ֣ɹǸձձġʵ֣֥һֹӣû¼ӽ֪ѡ
˭֪֣֥΢е죬ȻҡҡͷүСӾĩĴӣгɹǵһɭ֡
ҲǸ˾ˣһתͷԼĶӣվǣעǡæȵү˸֣л
ӽһ֣֥ǴϡôһԼԭ봦ҲôˡҾôһ£аӺԼ˹ϵֻҪԼڴٳܻкôֱӻǼӵĺô
ӽԴҲνȷ֣֥ĴӾ֣ɹǺˡΪԼԭ򣬾ǰˡ
֪ôһ£֣ɹ־ԶˡΪɹ¡۸ĵģͬʱ졣
ˣӦԪ֣֥ȻǴ󽭴ﴳˡӦô죬ܵ鷳̵ô
֣ɹѵΣȴһ㲻ںλ˸׵Ļܹӽ۵˵лл塣
Χһɵôƺˣ
֣֥Ҳе㵣ģӽˡһ֣׼ȥ֣ɹĺףѵһ¡
ӽѾӦˣֻЦŵԣ
תͷ֣֥ҺϲСֶ֪ͬⲻ
ӽɶȤζˣʷ˶Ϊֶ
֣֥һϲ޲϶ְŶӵͷȥӽͷ᲻ͬӽҪ
Ҫ֪ôһ͵ڳһ޴ĿɽҲΪԼǰ鵣ˡ
죬常й񡣡֣֥Ʋסϲ߶ӵ
֣ɹδôˣͬʱоӽҲһͰ׵ˣкøСڸ֮£͹¸ӽͷ
ӽ֪ǻҪģ͵ͷ֮󣬱ǣȥ
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ӽڴ֮󣬺Ͱʹɵվǰ֣ɹô죬㲻ڼҺúôţôܵˮʦѧˣ
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֣ɹ־ӽصͷ̧ͷվһߵ֣֥ҪúӣΪˮʦһλݺảͳ˧
֣֥˵غϲ£죬˿ܲںˮʦͳ˧֣֥ȴĻ£Ǻϳ֪Ժˮʦͳ˧Զڵ뵽λȨءԺģԻƫˮʦǺʵġ
ˣӽһ˵æӦǣǣүĩһϤĽ̵үĺ
ӽһᣬʹؾӪʱ֣֥֣ɹ˸常֮£ӽȥ͡
ӽҲû£ʹӦˡҲ壬һȥ֣֥ҡ
֣֥Ҿˮʦѧñϣʲô½ġ֣ǮǵҲȽϿô˹ȥҲݵ¡
֣֥ӽձﴨϣԼʮͣӽձŮ˵ӡ࣬ͻݡ
ӽﴨϣȶ֣֥ҪءΪ֪ﴨʷϣûи֣֥Ͷ壬иɱȫТ֣ɹ֮Ըĵ׵һԭ򣬾˵ҲΪĸױԭڡ
Ůӣձ˻Ǵˣֵصġ


748 
Ҳ˵ӽؾӪѲ¬ߡհѳʹʹߴ򷢻վǺⶳ֮ǰĵڶʹߣǰһʹҲһѡ
¬֪ǵԼɱȥܸɽѵȼˡ
֮ǰнڣԭ򣬾ȥܸɽҲΪת¬ݳ͢˼Ҳûˡ
˵żʵΣǷ⽨֮±ٽСɽΪһϵĴͲ㣬Ҫ϶С
ԭȥɽһˣϾսӵʱ򣬿ܻв⡣ȥĻܵ⡣
ǣ¬ͷûи֮ʵʩʱ򣬳ּ͢͵ˣɶսʽʼ
һ£¬ֻæɶսˣɽ֮оίɸµˡճ͢˼ȥɽһ˼룬ϽʼĽ衣
Ȼǰɽ͹ԼʱǰУΪеĴֻҪ͵½ɶ
¬ϰ˿촬ǰǾͽеӵƤϴ
ȻԼӭݳǣڳӵ˾ʦͶľεս£ؼɰܾЩ档˵ȻΪȴҲڡ
һ֧ݷǹҪĵҩҲǺġûеҩĻһ˼׵ĳǹʹ
¬֮ҪӭлһҪԭֻѺ˹ٵɻڵĵҩô
ة˺й¹ôǲ͡Ѻ˹ЦŻش
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¬һǴáԼûע㣬˺ȴԼǵˡһӭֵ֣ʽд
ϣ¬ʹվϢĳʹߣһǰһ󵽴ݵʹ˵һ磬Ҿͽɶսͽ²һսдֻҪȥʹǰɶսǰɽһ£õȴֻʹɶ󷵻زС
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¬һ㶣Ȼϴϲôһɶս¾Ͳᵢ鷪⽨Ľ̡¬ͬˣȴûбֳ
ǳһ£ȻŶԳʹߵҲǲԣһǰɽԱȽ϶ܻ࣬Ҫ˸ɽǱߵİջصڣ´ֻҪ٣ٿǵˮӪ˵ɡ
ةǣҳȻ½Уˮʦвٵġ˵ֲǴֻ̣ԱѡةҪٴУҪöҲ޷ֻ֪ͨһͳɡʹæش𣬾¼ȥ
¬ˣ㲻󣬵ͷͬ⡣Ѹ޽ɽ´ͳʹȻ͵ȳʹˮʦ֮Ϳʼǰɽ
¬ԼǰԭƻǰƤϾ˺ҪѾȷ¬ɲҵ顣
δսȻ֣ľӣһɳˡһǧӪݷǹһԼݷǹⲿΪɶսҲųʮֽ²
ľҹϣȫͷһӾͿʼǴʻݳͷ
źƺƵش뿪ͷʧںϡǰеĵݳǰĬĬ棬ϣ¬ةĴ顣
¬Ƥ֮ʱϵĽǾͷӭס
Ҫдսˣÿ˶˷ܡбΪԾģǺͽ²ѪԭʿӽС
Ȼ¬˵ȷԸ¬治ȥȷ档бֳ˲ͬѰľ츳ɱϾ˺ֶҪе⣬ûˡ
ǾԲܱΪȷ٣СһΪ·
δսĿǹ⸴·ΪĿԶҲȳ
ǵĵһսѼ̽뺣ڵ򽭱


749 ֵ˺
ȵ˳ԵѶˡ
ɽؽӵּ֮󣬼ɶʦڱɳ˾ܶıԶؾǰݼᡣ
ǳ˧ɶѲԬȴѲ˶գΪԼۿ²Ը˭Ҳû˵ǿսǰ׼
˵Ҫһ㡣ǲҪһ·ȥǽԭƹȥֱ󷽡ܽסٽ²ͽסٽ²Ǳ书һۣѽ²
ʱпɶѲŵ鷿øպöҩİһ̾һŶ롣
ٶȺܿ죬һ鷿Ͻ˷šവһ˿ӰԼүĲ顣
Ԭ̧ͷպÿ˰ĶЦһ£΢΢жû˵ʲôĺںͱ档
үҩ¶ãúˡҩ͵ԬߣСѵ
Ԭû̧ͷһ߿ͷĶһ˵ǰɣҰݶͺȡ
֪үϰߣҲûЩŮүֻԼʸϣӹеʱ򲻻ү
үֻˣܴ֪ԬԸʲôԴΪͻƿȰ˵
ȻԬ⻰̧ͷԼλֵʤֵܵ̾͡˿ҩҲβԼĲ
û˵ڣֻ˰еļҩ룬о£ȷʵԼʵ¶ȡ
ǣһеҩ꣬Ȼݸ˳ֽӹеë˲ǡ
·˰ɣԬеëֵݻһЦʵ
ûһ˿ɵӣ΢Ĭ˻ᣬȰүĿԽԽˡūūеʱ򶼲֪ҩûãҪϣҽɡ
Ԭˣҡҡͷ˵ˣͱˡҪ֪ԻһȥĻҵԸûɡ
˵ͣһᣬȻͷĿ⿴ݶе̾չƮ죬˻һźҲ㲻ˣ
ԬٴαԼԸ޻˵ĵ̾˿ʰҩ룬˳ȥ
ճţִ˿ɵ̾ҡҡͷ뿪ſڡ
֪ڷڣԬӻͳһס죬ס˿ȳ̵
չ̵ȻѪ˿Ԭһ㶼ȣΪǰЩѾˣֻһֱŰѡ
Ҫ֪ԼĲĻҪصûƢԼȥˡ
һԬذĿתǽϡһ޴ɶͼͼϵλãʻ˸Ȧʶúۡ
Ůɽˮ֮䣬̶̼ϯɶ󲿡ǿĴɶӣŮ˵ǰֽϻһһơ
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һԭɶŵĸܡܣ޳ܵĺŵʣֿĽ²档
ô꣬ԼΪѲڼ䣬ûжԽ²γѹԵƣ²ԽԽ׳
رǸ̫Ŭĺλ֮ɱ¾֮⿪ʼעˣע⻺Ůͺ֮ìܣʹý²Ϊǿ
ĳУȴ˿ûŮ˵𣬻ڱ˴˵಻ֶεݹ
ʹԬڴ⸴ɶѲʲôϣˡ
Լź԰֮ʱٳȻһҫ۵ǡΪƣΪꡣ̶̼ھôٳķȻһ£Ҳ֡پӪܽ²˽죬ȻǼ·¾۱ȥ²αˡ
Ҫ缸꣬˸Լ˵Щ飬Ԭ϶ǰ׳գô϶һɵӡ
ȴȷʵˣԬһ㡣ҲˣԼжҪ뵽ⳡ²սԲеǷź
Ԭʼе֣˺ֳʵΪʲô˺׸Ϊʲôȫ֧˺˺֪֡˺˵飬̫ˡ
ôһжҪˣҪ⡣ʱĵ׸мֵ˺ԼʣʱУȴԼ׮Ը
ԬŵͼϵаţͻȻ֮»˿ʱ޵еı棬ǸūҲû˰ɣ


750 ٵԸ
ɶݳǣٴȥĩνַǰʱδ²սʱ򣬻˿뽨²Ұս
Ҳ˵²ˣ²Щ²ȴԭˡݷǹѵһǧ¾ϱ£սСʮоŴʤ飬ʹٵĵԽԽ
ţ²ٴγֻ֣Ҫ̫ԶԻҰս
ҲڱµһԱ죬֪սϳֱֵ仯ڽ²ġţҪ˶ã˺ͳ֮£⸴ɶӲԶˡ
ǰйԼС˼ʲô֮ģǾûˡ
Ϊɶֻôһ֧սͷһλҺŪĴڡ
ڵ뷨ڽ²սУȫ֣úȡһѾΪԼΪﲩǰ̡
ǰʱֱӪ˺ӺȻ˺ݳǣڲ֮ʧɶϡʶ¶²ս»еĸ緢
ȻɺӸսⶳãյ˿촬֪ͨ̿ʼսΡ
Ҳ˵ټӴҹյͶȣžҰ⽨²ĳ֡
е˵֪Ҫʲôˡ
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ʧ˺ܾõǰ췵˺ݳǣϵЦݣپͲµӦ˳
ʲô飬ӵû˵ҲʡȻļԶӵˣֱӹ˺ܣҲûȨҪʲô
ûãţׯر˵˺Ŵˡ
ΪݳӭɺοɸΪ¾λƵùһɱӭţׯȥ
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ڰԾ̾ӴĿ֮࣬Ͻǰȥμ˺
û߽Ϳ˺Ӫţׯ䣬Ƿ
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ǣúܿӽȻѾˣܵǰפ㣬ЦŶ˵
Ƶùӽֱϵ£ȺοɸҪӴö࣬Цʵүô
ӽڴɫһЦԣˣݺݵظһ㽨²
οɸû뵽˺˵Ļ΢һ㶣漴ҲЦ
ߣȥݳ˵ӽ΢˼֮󣬱˵
վҰź죬Բ㡣
漴ݳǷɳ۶ȥںӣȻǲگˡ
ݳǵľѾ֪˴Ϣ˶ΡӽӪںݳʱػ𣬿֮飬Ա
ӽݾʿ֮ߣҲ⡣ûֻͣǷŻ٣ţѵȺٵͬ£жȥ
ʱѽӽٿ˾»顣ԱȻ١οɸ١ƵùƵˡ
֮ӽһڽ˵ȥ궨µĴսڿʼˡ˴սµĿ꣬⸴ڴսУԼ²Ϊ
˵ʵٺͺοɸΪսµĿȴ֮ͱ¶ı֮£֮Ż
˺֮󣬴̼ˣʹ˸Ϊе뾡쿪ʼⳡս¡Ͼ˺ȥˡһΡʣȴûȥ
鼤Ϊһϸοɸٻӽү²ڣĻȿ˰ɽ䱤չأٴС
ӽضԺοɸٵͷȻתͷʺƵʵô
һʻûͷûԣٺͺοɸٲ֪⡣
ȴ֪˺ʲôֻΪ˺һٿ»飬֮ǰû˺档
ʻתУӻͳ˫ֳʸӽһʵˣʵֻЩطϸС仯
͵˵ǿƶṩĽ²ͼģñкܴ
ӽЦŽӹɨһ󣬶ԺƵѴ˲ͼһݵԬة͵¬ةУڹǶ׼Ĳˡ
ǣүƴӦһϳ˴ãԼĸȥˡ
ӽٺͺοɸٶܺӣЦŶ˵ԭƶ壬ڵɹŰ󲿣ǰʱƵżҿڣҴ˽⣬˽²ıͼսһʱҲΪӦӦҾ
֮Եڲ֪ΪҪȷϿƶ嵽ǷͶ


751 
ٺͺοɸٵһʼţһ룬ȴ־֮С
Ϊɹ´ĻʼʱҰսлɹ˵Ӱӡɴ򵽺һǹɹ˾ܶΪӵŮ̽ӡðӻȥ£ҲԸǦӶ
˺пŮ˾ɹ̫ӵԾͲɹ˳̽ˡ
ɹ˿ܶŮҲӺް취ҹԽԽԾԽԽѹ£б뷨ҲͲˡ
Ҿĵһսչذɽ䱤ûɹΪӦӽ֪ƶķֲȸλԭк
֮ûпƶˣ˵ûɹڰɽ䱤Ϊɽ䱤ġ
ɽ䱤ɽӣڶɽɽмشɽֻһԶ䱤ԴڳɽǧɽɺƽԭĿʼ
ɽ䱤ΪΡǱλþ䱤ֻ̫ܳСһֶĲ
ΪΪҪϣ޵ıȻҪõıפڰɽ䱤Ľ²Ůľ
ӽżλ죬ɫɵ˵ɽ䱤ս˵ȷʵչû²ҲҴʵĻҲչءǣڵҾ˵ȴչء
ƵùˣԺʵүҾӪĺĴڣ
֮˵ӪĺĴڣΪӪĺĴʽģͨ취Ļڣǰĸ󣬵ȴᡣ
ӽͷ϶Ҫݽ²ǳأ˳ӪЯ˶ʮźĴڡ
ٺͺοɸһ΢ţǳԾȻжʮ֮ࡣ
룬Ҳ֮СȻ֪ʦ̾Ϊʲôһ±ȴѾˡ
ҪǻǰĻҪ˵һóʮźĴڣʮţ֮
ºˣʮźĴһſǿŵ²еСЩˡ
ڶʮźĴǰɽ䱤ȷʵչˣΪ²ûкĴڡĻԺڣҲչصá
ʱѾشãӽүͼʹѾɳվʹλة֮֡
ӽͷصãֲӰ£ҷġ
ܺү佱Ƶк⣬˻Լλվš
һ£ӽүĩɽ䱤Ľ²һ䲻⣬ͻȻٳ£úĴںвЧ
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ӽͷص֪˳ڽᶨ֮󣬵ţͷפ賿ڰɽ䱤ǰ
үɽ䱤ǰһ̨Ҫ²Сοɸһæѵ
һ֮ʱٳսүǷ̨ɭϣҪ벻÷ȼ𣬼ѡĩΪԸȥ·̨
ȻѾ¶Ҫһսкúñ֣ȻͲս֮ˡ
˭֪ӽȴûͷӦֻǰĿת˺ơܴĸǶȽӽ˵սֲĪ
ƿ粽Угصүǰ̨̽ҪǸ̨Сһ׮ѡ
ܺã˰ɡӽͷͬ
һвʣ׹ûˡ˻λϣźƣĵ˵ôͲ·ͷ
һЩ֮ӽȥϢˡʼĴս϶ܺԼָմ;ۣϢǲеġ
ڶţׯ˺ݳ⣬ƺƵض飬ٴ˺ݾʿ
Ȼ֪˴սĿʲô˺δ֮ı֪²ˡ
ݳѸ׼פأӪһϢЩӵҪʿǽŶ˷ܣڴսµʽʼЩغݳǵĽʿǰգźԼΪʲôܲһսԼ׬
磬ںݳղķΧУʼ
ǵǰѾӰˣڳڡͷϵźƺƵسǵۣͬΨͷףˡ
ڻһʱ֮ʱǰӾ͵ţͷڡ漴ɳȥҹշǰķ̨ϣ²ѲΨӵɢڷ̨ǵ
ӽӵȻЦЦȴû뵽·ɭϵķ̨֧Ȼôɵ飬ǳԾ¾ӵȻ֮䣬Լˣʱˣ
ӽһţͷڣŵ²£ɵűţˣ׼ô


752 
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ֻٶ࣬һˮɶ½ϵҹշӵĳȥ
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ʱɶƵķչǿһ˿ϣΪ˸еǳǵڳĩʲ죬Ϊʲôûñȴ޷ңɶϣ
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͢һ֧ݷǹ¾еѵǵʱǾԼоǷǳһ콫ңԶ
죬ʧȥļ԰أΪ˱𣬳׸߽²һˡ
ЩʿʹͷԼѹ˶У֮һ˷ܡҪɱٽ²ܹսͬȥļͣɶϣû׶񼫽²Ҹ
һЩʿԼǰսлõѫ¡ͭѫ£ѫ£ǵҫɱ²֤
ǾҪЩҫعó˯ɶϵѿûǣŬɱУΪ⸴Ŭ
¬Щʿǵ飬֪ǵһѾȵ̫ˣûϸľҪǡ
ʱٿսǰһξ»飬и߼춼гϯ
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үûҪ󣬵ҪԼҪȥɱǣռ²ĻʹǵѾ֮󣬲ŵȥ۹һѣ
¬˵󣬷ǿңҲ
нĬȫУȭ߾ʽ񣬴ػشĩ
¬ú⣬ĸԣҲ϶ǲѾԼֻȥ۹ѡ
ãڽд˾ģٺοҵԶ·ǰ˼ʱϵѲСһôٶȣȥ
¬Ȱڰ֣ڽλȻԼҪ
нվñֱ¬ģҲ֪ҪĻȷʵة˵Ѻܴ
ǵ¬ָʾ֮ʱ첽һʿϥة˺ʹ
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һᣬֲӼӵʹͳڴã¬һʽȻү
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¬һֽ΢һ֮󣬲ɵôϲüëʵôģȷô
ʹȵվŽ֮䣬ԴԺػشɹſƶͶ˴ͼӺʵʵ
һըԵϢôڵһȼδսеͶҲǼˣмӴ
µı仯Ҫƶµսƻ
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753 
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֮ô˵ΪǶδеãˡ²ҰսسǡȴҰսȨȫܱ䵽һڳ
ǣеĽ²֪ԭóسǺ͹ǡǶڳһ֮ơ
ǻǳݵĴĿǰķ߳УɴǰҰɾ
ǣôʱ䣬ȴûеϣ顣Ӹ;Ϣ˵߾ȫ漱·һ˴ȺսǿĻǹҰԾ쳣ĴѰҴ֮̽
ôһ򽭱²ʿ͸ˣ˳˻̻̲յ״̬֪ʲôʱ򽭱ǰʲôʱ򹥽ɱɾ
Ӿôţڽйӡ
һհʱ֣ϼӳߵա仹̫ڴϣںȴоһ˿ů
ڣǱϷڵĽ²ڱȻ֣Զһ֧ӣ֮࣬β͡
ٵءн²̧ͷӷȻ󶼿ʼȻ²ľʻǴڣûͷӬһҴܣȴҲ缸Ҫҵضˡ
򽭱ѹϣͷϲ˽²Ĺ֡еĽ²ԶĴѶһᵽɤۡ
ʣǸģֻǵѡڵĵǣ˶ˣûдǹĴڡ
ûжʱ䣬ǰӿٶȣԽԽ²֣ǰȫҶǳԹĻӡ
ǵɫΪѿǣ֧ǰ棬ȻŻڣһ
֧ȻҲǾḻϾǾڽ²֮ͣסȻ׼
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ֻݷǹڻĻѸٰڿƣڽŵؽڻǰ׼
ڶڿڳ򽭱ţǴĽ²ϱɫƶ
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ӽ֮ʱ·ɢܵЩڣҰսбȽϴھĻڡԸļǿûһãԸЩݣȴЩġ
ɻڵֿ죬һְڿһҵ򽭱ͷʯҷɣмùĽ²
Ȼˣ򽭱ǽṹδ𺦣óͷϵĽ²ҡ
ɫغٹһʱ䣬ͻȫˡ
ɢȥ󣬳ͷϵĽ²ЩڴϧȻݣɻڻǲһ㣬Ҫ򽭱潨²ͷͶǵսƷˡ
û취ֻܵоĺĴڵˡ
ǰֻܵȺĴˣһ׼

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һ£򽭱Ľ²ְܹСȫˡ
콥ؾͳ׺Բɫ¹ڴϣΪ·ṩ˸õҰ
ʱڣһ֧ϵ򽭱⡣ͷϵĽ²ţ˵ʲôӪˣպĴһ俪˳ǽֱ򽭱Ϣ
ôһ򽭱ڵĽ²ٵѹԽԽǷסĴڵĺûԮ򽭱ôΨһ³ֻսˡ
ǣǷ򽭱ûΧǵ˼ȫפʼˮ󷹡
Զҹ·򽭱ڵĽ²ȷϣٶǿ϶뵽ΧǡȵǸʱ˭Ҳٻ
Ȼأ򽭱ڵĽ²뵽Ψһܻİ취ˡ
򽭱ǵǰ棬ҲǲܱľӪ¾Сİ¾ʿ䣬һ±ĵݷǹ
ɢһֽ²ܣβֱ׷ʼտ٣û׷Ͻ²ʶϽ²
ڴ賿֮ʱ򽭱Ľ²ӵ˷˳ǡûȫǣɱ˷˳¡
ܵĽ²ͷ߲õʱڽ²ǰͷû˳ͷĽ²һԼˣͷŽȥˡû뵽ϵʿ棬Ȼе
ϵռ˳ţͷ˵Ľ²ɱѽѷ֮ʱ˳ڿƶɹŰ췴ˣڽ²ıݺݵͱ˽²һ
һҹ֮䣬ǡ


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ϵذȥԤʾϾҪˡɽ䱤ֵĽ²˿һƽعȥˡ
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Щ²սˣ֪Լܲ˵ʲôʱͻ䱤⡣
˽²ֵǷǳ裬ûг͵˯֮飬ʱעǰ̨ѶϢ
ą̃ʼûдѶ΢ܹġ
žǽ²Ľʱ䣬ͷϵĽ²ıӪһӶӹֵͬ飬вţȥůرú˯һˡ
ɾʱжĽ²жǱȽԶòǺҲûдԶĵط
ǲҹֹɧˣĽ²ߵͬ
ϵĽ²˸Ƿε˵ҹܵ䱤ҲһˡǰЩʱ򣬷̨ѶҲֻҹնѡΪˣɽ滹ѵ˷̨ˡ
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ôһ˵ѸղŲǸ²ȼˣֻ޷޲ƽصث֣ǹƴǴ𣬾͸Щ漼ɵĶ־ͱûøһԣ
Ľ²һͬеصͷͬǣ򲻹Ǵаʤ֮䣡
ǷĽ²Լͬ飬֪ҲԼһǳĻĻʹȴһǵˣ̾˿ˣ㲻ûɱҲ÷ǳˣѵǲ֪ô
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ԹĽ²һ΢е죬Ӳصң
ΧĽ²һȫˡǴǷĽ²׼̼ʱֵͬѵˣûٹλʲôͬ飬ϽӻӪȥˡ
ʱ򣬰ɽ䱤Ȼһ춯еĽ²ڸʲôģζʩ˶һסһ¡
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ɽӻ֮󣬻̫Ӷ춼ûдΪľķӦϾ˭Ҳ֪Ļǹֻ
˵ֶѾô˺öοˡͨΪնջɱȻڰĻͻȻѡ뿴˶С˶ǳùǰλԼҲˡ
ͼҲûܵãССİɽ䱤ˡ
ʱͼ˯ʵأͻȻ֮죬ֱӰŵò´
ˣˡһ߷ɿ𴲣һߴ
һŵغĺĴڣöĴڡ
ͼѾŵúܾ񣬻Ȼûͨ˸𴲵ӡ˾ţʲôͶʯ
²ΪӦĻڣ˾޴ʽͶʯͰڳǽ£óǽΪڻԷ
׼ܳȥ֮ʱͼæסţš
ǣǣǡشӦɿܡ
ͼһ£ϽйһԸϽ֧Ԯ
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˵ɽ䱤ĻʯףשߵףǽߵףףǽʮסһĹǣѾ㹻ˡɳʱڹǵɱĴڡ⿿̶ȵĳǽûֵġ
УͶʯΪҪͶԶúܴȻóǽڻɻһûǽס
ͶʯͶļʯ֮󣬾ͱĻڸݻˡҲûϣѾķˡ
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ʱѾԭ͵ʱ䡣ȴûн²飬ȥ͵顣
ǽĽ²ͷӶڳǽϡһ߽ȴɽĿǰƵ¾һĻڿͣ
еĽ²ţǰһںźţԼȻըˡ
ǣý²ʧˣĻһûըţûֹͣͣغŰɽ䱤ĳǽ
ڱأӰ´¡ڱǶ˾ְæµš
Ȼ䣬ڱǲͷ󺹡ǵȴܣûһ㱧Թ˼
ڱǰ࣬ݷǹסڱءȻڻǳ죬̻ʱ֮СȴϲЦӣûһ˼
ڱغ治ԶӪеĶƱǽݷǹΪǵĲӡ
Դ±ѡνӪ֮ǾûϹս¾ʿһδγȻһδЯʤȥкĽ
Ҫ֪ģֻսǲŻǨ͡һѡνӪۣͬؿڲϵѫ£ź˺սһˡ
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ڿŽ²ĳͷĴں߽⣬ķѡ֮ʢԾ
龰˵϶Ͳȥͷˡɽ䱤ĳǽУûСΪȹȥͷӣήºö࣬ÿ˶Ϊ֮ҡ
ЩƱĺ棬¾ݷǹˡЩʿм䣬ǹӡǵһǺ󣬱ռͷƸߵ㣬Գʵѹƣ֧Ԯսͬۡ
Ƕݷǹ֣ƽʱͬߵģҲˣŻᱻѡε
˵ܼ򵥡Ľ²һѫ£Ƕָͷǰȥѡ
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ٺͺοɸû뵽ĴڼͬһضεȻôˡƣŵһСĵˡ
֮ǰڶǸ룬ԸһʹõġҪΪʱĻڶģ죬һģֻһŻڡÿֻڵĹ񶼲һڵҲв죬һĻæг
һҪԭĻڷ似Сǲûڷ͵ҩ֮Ĺϵÿζѷҩ䡣Ϊԭôһͺ׷ըšлһʹãͻΣڡ
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һٷԶǰ˺˵үָӻǳ뻯ڵ֮Ҳֻںүг֡
⻰һǳģһȻ˺ƨˡ
ӽԣԶתͷ٣Ц˵ʲôԶˣ
һԼ⻰ȻûΥģɻ΢еšû뵽үȻ˵Զѵб
үΪô󣿡ʵں棬̲סʵ
ӽûһ㱻סӣȻ˵뿴ҪڵڵʵĵһıƵһгǳأͱը᲻󣿻лҩǲǻбֺڻҩʮĻҩֻҩɵڵֻж
ˣɵſͣ˺ʲôģȻҲõ
үڵһߵĺοɸ˵ĶԻ̲סʵ
ӽЦЦȻ̧ͷһ仰˵úܺãûֻ벻
װᣬֵͷغοɸٵ㲻ҪС࣬ղ˵ݣԺͻΪоĿ⣬ȥо˵㻹лᣬῴоһ졣
οɸڵҪз˳սģʽֻз츲صı仯ˣвɵеȻ
ʱܹүٴڵ󣬾͵ֹͣ䣬ûϢһˡ
ӽԶ˿Զɽ䱤ĳǽȻԶ׼һ̹ͣȥ


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ˣˡ²ţȻʼͷϳ壬ҲŴȥ
ȻǵĶܿ죬ĶҲӪƱʱӭĽ²
ǰϰĹս裬ϻöһǽݷǹ֣ʹӶƷ϶ǹ
Ȼв˵ݷǹֺͶƱ²ĹУ٣ǽ²һһƬ³Ľ²ǾŶƣҲ޼¡
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ӽಿһ𣬿ɽ䱤ĳǽҲƹȥ
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ݡһֱĵ̣ȥͱռˡߣҪִл̫ʲôҰߣūŶǨʢԱöջ
˲ԭ壬Ů壬ҲԸⱳ硣˳˶첻Ը⣬ִв֮⣬ͨŮҲ⡣ǨƵĽȲŽһ룬̵ؽС
Լפʱ򽻴Ļͽӵ˰ɽ䱤ļҪɱԮ
û뵽ôͷˣæʹ˶ˣǺѣ
лһϣֻǺݵǡΪôʱĴ򽻵£ںĿġ
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ʻֲҲֻûصӣĿδ֪Ĵʮ֮࡭
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ѹͲźĴڻô࣬ʹòȷеϢԥˡ
ҰĽȣû취ѡ˾Ԯڰɽ䱤൲ס죬ʱٳˡ
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757 
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ҲǴƭ죬սʱ׼ȷƵоֻܴŲ֮һ˵ʧǽ죬˵˰̵Ľ죬ȡֵֵ˵
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첢Ϊͼһڳ⣬ͻǶӡȻᣬҲǾþս֮ˡֻҪͼصĶֱܷһûоѪս֮ӻ
ڳŴҲ˵ĵط쵱̽ĳĶȻճţɢװľӣԼţٿ»顣
һӣѯͼڰɽ䱤սµľ
ͼ񵱼Լܵһһϸ˵һֱöϱɫ
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Ҳûƭ캱˫Ķ᲻һǰפ֮ʱԤϹƴ󲻿ɵʱͰ˵õֵܵΣ˳㻹ܱ
ϰҹʱ֣Ĵһһˣ壬˺˱ţҹʢ
ܲס첢⡣סȻõġزסںҪе飬ҲûϵؼǣͶ򼴽еҪ˳㹻Ϳˡ
첢֪ǣ캱վڳͷɫ֮£ǶȥȴֻЦ
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ҪʵΪѵĽ²ǳµסˣ캱Խ²ʵڵһˡ
ھԼı࣬ɹͺЩʲô뷨ҪԼֻ밴ռƻбǡ
캱û϶֣ΪڣЩͲ׿ơ˵ŮԶ󲿶ӵ֮󣬶־һʧˡ
ȵʱָ֣ϵǧˡȻˣЩȫûôϹ
캱ڳͷ㹻ˣٿ»飬ɹͷͺͳȫеռȵš
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̫ûһ˿ŹЩ̹Ůļ󣬵ҵǰ̹ŮϡЩһֱ׷ŭ˭Ҳҳ
˵ҪŴ͸ģ̼ͣͼԼǻ̫ţ͵û
һᣬǺͼϵ޹龰ȥ˴Ҳ˨ӡȻ߽̫ȰӣϢŭźЩūҪ
ʱѾ̵Ľ֪ͣǼ̹Ůʮа˾޹ġֻΪ̫Щ鼫Ȳãű˳Ͳ
Ǽ̹Ů˾ˣŲȥģŽӵ塣Դӹ̫һֱԲڴ鲻ת
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һæشɢҥԣӣжûС
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Ҳ˻̫˽ڣѶ򷢵ȥʢڵ󣬻ֱ׷󺹻̫
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ڹѵͷ޲ڶͽҴȾȶ֮˼ڸģ޶̫ύ׵
һ˵µѡԽԽţӸشľ޲ˣеǰΣһС
Ļʵ̫ˣ˿ڻһԼ˴𡣸Ҫ˵ũҲʳˡ
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Ҳˣϧ´ɱһǧ˰ٵļҰд󲿷ֵıʢ
ԭϣʵӦ˵øԶսøҰЧŻá
ϧս̫СҲʵмҰ֮ߣ˶ǣǶԼʿ̫ͬʱҲ͢ʿòʧ
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759 תֱ
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Ż̫¾ս¾ڰʼһҹʱǡʱĹ߲Ǻܺãֺܻҡ˾ΣʹҲ˵ֻ˵š
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Ӧһ׼ȥּ
ȵȡ̫סᣬŷԸǻӣȻڡ·뾡ƻҪţо·ϾͰǵĲĵ

̫üͷֶ˵ٴּǼˣͷ˵ȱ˽˶Թͬ۹ãѹءһʱ֮󣬵ᣬУһҪ׼ʱ
̫˶һʼԴΪ㿼顣
ˣڻ̫˵֮Ӧһ
̫Ӧûһ·ǹƹǺͺϳһ·ͨɽ䱤ٵ·߽
ҲӺΪأжϣ㲻ٹܹһ·
̫֮ôжϣûϵӽθںܴ׼ѽ²
̫ûϵǣԭΪ;оפصĳǱ·ֻᱻƻһ·ỨѲʵϣĹٶԶԶ󡣽²ƣǼתֱ¡
æȥּ̫֮ʱԼĴ˻ʱѾǡ
ɻص̽ѺͶϵϣ֪ɶš˶ֱǰţȥͶϣûȥ档
һӴǰ߻ͨŽǡζ̫ˣܿ죬̫֪顣
ڣԭе΢ƣһ¿ʼ٣˭ҲûϵľƷչ
̫Եһ·ҲѾԶˡ


760 
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ˣһ֧оҵطӪܺȡů
ǰͷȻһŶ鼲۶أﲽｻӴһةǰֱⷢڵĳǡǰλνʾǷ񹥻
΢һ˶ƿһƣƵ¶˳ȿɫͨĵΣȻ³˻ȥ
ϵϾʹ˳ֻ˵ҽڸѰһܷ紦Ӫǰ١
ǣة˴ӦһϷǰ漲۶ȥ
⵱ڣִĿһλϵʿ̾˿˵үԺ𿪴ʲô鰢ˡ
һᣬԬֹס˿ԣش𰢸֪ˣɡ
үʮδӦԼˣʳԡݣתԬһλͷ
λϰӪȥͷ·Ĳ˿
ӳǵıûжЩȫǳɽءԶͽݵľӡƵԭԬԶ£ںһ·Уǰδйоٶһֱڸ·
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ȫ֮ǰڲݲӪϡԬû³ǼڳϾ⳵ǰ˸װůЧáּһܷڡ
ûгûϢȻҲˣȴֽظԬҩֻԬ͸߼֪Ԭةˣس̶Ⱦ֪ˡ
֮ȫ¾Ĳȡ
ڰԬҩò֮ϵоʡ
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Ӫλμةˣ
Զνμةˣ
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ľ˾֮һͶ²˵Ȼ˱ץԼ̣ٶӰ
һ˾٣ûԭʷڹеӶʹһ
ԭʹڻֻǲνѡνԼŬġ
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ʹùе;Ӫȷ֮λΪ·Ϊȷ棬Ϊȫ·ʹ˻಻ྺ
־һγɣһ·ͷ͡Ԭţ֮ûгͻֻԾȫоٶȡΪˣȫȹƵҪ絽졣
ԬûдڹЪ죬Ҫֱ棬㵲ס²ý²ߡ
ôԭһ֪·ĽǷҲͬһ˳Χ½²ΪĿģô絽ùƴһҲѽ²Ļᡣ
һ㣬ԬĻ¾û˻ô
ڼǻǫãʿȡȷ棬ԸöԷáЦЦ⣬Ǻ֮ǰһһж
ǵð˵񣬲Ҿôͻȥ׼ˡ
һߣæȰԬϢʵҲ˵ղŵľѾĵò࣬ԬԸӪͳѲӪ֮󣬱˯ȥˡ
ˣʱУԶѡԬȴĸԸĴսϾҪʼˣԼǰòΪؼԼһҪˣԬа
ڳһ䣬Ѫû֪飬ҲԬڳ̵ԭڡ
ֻ죬ֵս´ꡣ


761 Ϊ
ƶ캱ס֮ʱѵʱʱ֡
ĲݷǹǽܳżܱҪ֮Ǿ׳ʽ
ǵĳŴ󿪣캱ͷĿܻЩӭ
гǵˣȫװֿȭز߳ȥ
ʱʤߵ̬սϣųǵЩˡ
Ϊ׵ĵȻ˺ӽӪͳگٺͺοɸŲͳӪڸ·Уû
ųǵЩɹˣرӪĽʿرид
ЩɹΪ潨²һַڣк֮صİաΪ˳ʵ۷ŭҴߣԶ
Ӫʿڶ⣬ԭشЩھ֮طеɹŲ塣
ǰƶ壬Ҳûӳͷˡڱһѻ˴룬һǵĴҲӪʿܻعأھʦ
Ǹʱ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼôһ죬ƶͶҪΪһ֡ոɶΪ⸴ɶһ
θпΪʤһжԺС
ΪӪһ֣ӴΪҳ㷹תΪʤԭʲôΪΪ֮Ժľ档
뵽ʿٿЩɹһ߽Ŀתһеĵ˺
ֻ˺Ļɡˡλס˺ֱͦעɹˡ˺ǵȻؿһУ·ЩȻ֮£ˮɶѡ
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һ죬ƶ˵ج֮Сÿƶĺͯʱ丸ĸͻԼĺӣٲͻ죬Чǳ֮á
Ȼȥôʱ䣬Ӱÿƶ֪κˣҲҪȥ졣ϵ£Ȼһǰ
캱ĿƣһԱݵش󽫡޳һ֪ǲǵһԱ
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£κѣ캱֪λ˿϶Ǵ˺ôΪ֮ɵ֮ȴ޿κελ˺
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һе𣺡˵ɡ
ŴĹΪܣźպվΪעţ㹻֡
캱·֮һůƢԾɹ֮󣬲վ
үЩ̲ԸͶĽ²졣캱˵һ֣˱ѺһЩˣӽǰ
ӽЩ˵ķɫһߣһ֮ǰͰ֮ɫغȵǰǺ˰ɣ
ǷϣֻҪ˸ˣչܴϸϷֱ
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ӽЩˣǰֵĺйһ㡣Цȥڳ̰ɣЩǺɶ񡣡
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ڵĴգڳ֮͢£ں̬ȣǷǳʹ޵ġοЩ¾ʿ䣬ӽӰ£޺ĳ̶ȣֻˣֺ顣
ղŻֵĺ飬֮ʱûǹƣʼ޵̬ٳش
캱ڱϿˣаԱһѡԼЩ˹ôãɵֱԼ
ΪתעϽӽ˵үƶΪǰΪ񣬻үǽܡ
òҺ⡣ӽ¶΢ЦԲ캱ͷ
캱һϲ׼ȥǣүս
ûӽȴԸѽǣƶѡ
ǣүһߵӦһȥǣһƥս
캱вһжûܵõүȻһ人˵ĹŻԳϴˣ˱Գϴҡ
ڴӦԳͻͬȥһֻ
캱ƴǲãֻ÷ظ˺·
ӽһߣһʲ캱²ôͳ죬һһŮĶûУ
캱һһһʮӽ˵˶ɡӽԽԽòףϵ²ìһ룬Ȼȵˣ


762 
ʢڣۡһǾ硣
ôˣѵٽˣеԾƣض
ͻ̫ԤһΪڽ϶һδĽʱܻڴů֮ʡ
ͷ˵ǣǸ˺ͳ´ٽƺ͡ɽ䱤첻ʧˣĺĴھʮţ塢֮䡣
һüͷԼ߻ûȫ׼ãôˣƻô͡
˵׷ʵ磬ְɣԳΪﱨ𣡡
ڶ춼˽ܻˣںͻ̫ʽ˺ͷӦãΪﱨǵһѾȺܾˡ
˵ԼǺλ̳ˣԻ̫Ϊ׵һȺˣȴ˺λԼĶΪѳᡣ
֮ǰǾʱԼԼһҪ̡
֮ʣԼŻСĶ죬ǿŲںͿŶǰ񡣶ͷģ˳𲻱ĲΪˡ
ԭʷϣ̫Уڶ֣֮һ²ԭڴˡ
̫һȨ֮ϾͷԼĸΪʺֺΪТҹʺٳʥʺ󡱡ҲԿĸĸ顣
Ͷ£ж֮ʱ˹ּ˵ͣö¹ǣǰȥ»顣
һԭԤĻҪ࣬·һҰĺܴ
ɫشӦȻ򷢴ּ֮˻ȥˡ
һߣתԵ磬㲻ȥСΣա
֪Ǻ֮ûκתأҲзش˶Ļͬʱְѻ̫פӵ
øˣΪǵĴ磬ȴ˼֮һıȡںˣ˼ɹҲӦһйԹеֻص
ҲǺɸֵصͷ˵ĻȴԻ̫ģгúãһǵʵٴһݡ
һеʵ˲һĺͳһôô׳ǵʵ
״γһ˿ЦݣԶǸû֮ˣڱɣ϶Թȥ˵˵ѻ̫Դ׸ȡ˾֮ǱΪ֮֮λһʮ֮˾ţĶ
ڵõϴйػ̫͵Ĵ֮󣬱Բߡ
ٴν̫Ӧԣڴ֮ʣû̫ԴȥƽϢŭ𣬰һƻ̫ϣ˭ǴĴ󺹡
Ȼø͵̬ȥҲνⲻҲûϵֻҪԼͶıԼƿоͳɡ
ƾӡ󣬺ӵĺ˻̫ԴЩòӾѾ㹻Ȼͬ⡣
Ȼһ߳ʵͻʲôʱٺ󣬶һδ֪ˡ
˶򲻵ͷһϧǣ̫κŤתǬǼҰĶԲߣֻܵı֣ͽԼʵ
Ҳֵû̫ǿӲʵʩҰ֮ߡΪԭΪսܣ̫֮ǰͲϽֳ͡˰ٵ͸˶Ի̫Ĳ
ҲǻڴˣſʼƲɿŮĲ¶ͼı̫Ұġ
ʵ˴ĻظΪӽڣǻظ˼ʵ˵Ҫ̫𣬶ūҪΪǷµи⵱ȻҲ˶Ͷˡ
οĳǸ̫ֲһƽӹˣӺ֮ѳӽôΪһ̫ͷͷŹˡ
ڴͽ²һߵˣϻ̫ͷɴԼȥȡ̫ͷҲѡ
ȴ⣬ʼͶһʯƻľʵʩ
ûʱ䣬ðŷգǰȥø
øȻڻ̫֮ĶŭںȾƷй֮ʱͷڴŮ
ɵرѰøԻ̫Թ֮òƵһµĸ߶ȡֿʼ䰢øӢǶͬͬĸֵܣºȻӵøΪס
øھƾĴ̼֮£Ļջ󣬵ͬ
ԭҲǲʴƷ֮ԭʷϣ֮ѧĽ
ǣһʵǿһݡףԼļƻ֮ǰǶġ
ˣҹ㷢˱䡣


763 ү
Σ̫ǿ岻ʣ˳׼ٿ»飬ôȹǰⳡΣ
Ȼ֪˽Իʢԭ򣬵ֻҪμӻ飬ͬͬµضȹΣ̫ڿԲƽε顣
˵ʣΪԼ˽Ի飬Һ̨סǵܱǰӡ
̫֮ôΪףңֻƾĿǰͷıڼҰ֮»ʵ˲òʱ̣Ͷһս
̫ʱöѾˡȻ󣬾ûȻˣ˶վ͵ôһ˶ѡ̫ͼö˼֮Ų죬˶յ
˰죬ûһټ˻̫ݡ
ݿ˼öһۣȻ˻̫ǰֻл̫ӣøߵ˵ȥҰø񣬲׼ͼı졣
Űѻ̫ڰøߵ̽㱨Ϣϸ˵̫
̫ˣӲӲһԭţһ±ü
̫̽ŴݷＷ֣·ʹӾĵð
ݴӦһ첽ȥ
öû˵ֻǿŻ̫֪̫Ȼ֪ôҲǰʡЩ˶棬Ҫ˵ʶˣöʾǰС
Ҫ췴̫żöʣȻ˵
öһʢڵķƣû뵽ʱ֡
øҲˣöеĵʵ
̫ͷشøģһ˵ΪµĴ󺹣ˡȴ֪ԼֻǱǹʹѡ
˵֮󣬻̫żöʵ۾˵ô죿
öûκԥ̹Ȼֱӽ·ǳʱڣն׾áô˵ô
̫⣬ͷ֧ޣ޺⡣
͸öʽǾͻᶯ֣ǰøȶ֣ͶӦһϢȴƬ̡
öʵ֪ǵ߶л̫ˣ˶ⷬ⡣
ܸʾ¡ö̬ȹʾ
̫һ£̧ͷöʵʱװޡؼʱ򣬴ӱͻϮǣ
ǣ󺹡öʺԥϴӦ
̫ٿһᣬŬվеضԼöʵͷϻ˹ȴﶷǴΪϾʱ򡣽Ŭһҡֻˣ֮󹥵ʢȥԸǡ
öʿŻ̫һĲݣվȴԭȷֵȴԼˣҸʮ䣬ȴͷˡ
ļΪ֪̫ΪǿʢġȻմ˵³ɴ󺹵ŬȴĿõġöʵϿҵػصףܶȻ߾ܡ
̫ҲдԼֵܶɿֵΣͷһֱ֧Լ
Ҳ˵öʰڰ֣ȥ׼ˡ
ʱɫѿʼʢȴ֡δйôѶʢյú
ԶĹˣʼΪʢŻˡ
ٽһֱ֮󣬱֪ʢڿ϶бʣ򲻿ôѡ
ǣǰ㼱ٴغԬǱߣȴһָ
˴֮ʹأԬةҪݾߣԭƻƵǱӪ
ǣԶԶƹʢȥͬʱһʮ˵ҹŹٵݷȥ
Լʱĩʢ˺ɱǾֲʼɱȻӡԼһʱȫǶ
ʱѵʢǱǰҲںϡ
ԬΪ֮ǰ㱨óӽ·ʱҲѵĿĵء˵ͬ£ԶԶעʢڵĶ
ү̫ˣǽɡûסԬеµӣæ
ԬûʱľȻȸճ극ʱҪáһԶԶʢڵĶһԴ˷ܵ˵û뵽²ʱȻҡ
²֪ةˣΪ˭ֱة߷ˣһɣɱˣ丸һЩŵ㣬άԬ
֪Ԭ⣬ڶ²սҪĹ;ǲ߷˺öཨ²Ľ죬ȻЩ˽졣˾Ԭ
һغһᣬȻԬ
ԬƨûӦֻеź˵Σһ罫Ҿʢʱ򡣿ϧʢ̫󣬹⿿ҲȡôЧ
ǰ֪үˣʱ͵


764 ޺
ԬԶ¹֮£ܿŵɫ
΢е㵣ĵ˵Ҳ˵˺Ҫһ·֮ʱˣҲ̫ࡣΪκݷչޡ
Ԭߵ⼸һղŻ˷ܵһ½һ磬ҪڵĽ²ûж⡣
ηսһĿģǼ²й㣬ڳ֮ǰԬѾˡ
ƾĿǰһݷǹ·סʢţǼޡ
ſ϶չ˲һȥ²Ҳǳصģ϶ס²Ĺǽ
ةȻ²סǲֱӹȥɱٽ²ɱٽ²ɣһߵȻ
ԬתͷƺɣƾŶ˽⣬ԬԿ϶϶һǣ׹˳㻹ܶһЩ졣
˵Ҳе׸Ԭһʱò⡣
Ȼһ󺮷紫ʹԬһ£̲ס
ҹɫ֮УļžԬȻѹſǴñȽԶ
ʿɵֹעة壬ؼʱ̣ɲ⡣
ڰڽٴȰ˵£Ԭͬسȥ
ԼسѣԬľְܾȥٺá
Ԭڳú󣬰һˮ£ϵĺ
Ԭ֮󣬸о˺ܶ࣬԰˵ȥɣҪԲߡ
ǣүӦһŲ׼ת³
ʱԬȻֿһæתӣĴһ鿴ҵڣȥһã׼ݸԬ
ʱȻסˡһᣬ͵ظӣӹĵץһѴѪ
ү㡭һ±÷ǳԬô
ʱԬѿ꣬ӣæҡҡȻָָ⡣
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֪үǱԼĻҪأ鲻Խشűү
Ԭ۾ƽºȻ۾ɫ꣬ض԰Ҫֵܼս½ۼ²ҲĿˡһҪֲһ̡
˵óһ׼õֽҵνָȫֵ˺
ԬȻƽؽ£ɰȴ£ĬĬؽӹү
үͳӶԿ϶ʱĹԻ·ϣô쵽ʢǱס²֮·
ʱ򣬾˺ʱϵˣ²Ҳܴӱߡ˵үԼִ˺µļ²µսĿꡣ
һ޺չǲһˡӦΪүеˡԬͣ˵
ү
Ԭ΢ЦŰڰ֣˰˵˵һ͵ˣһȥ
һ󣬵Ľ쿴ӳæΧȥʵةôҪô
ɫһȥ˰죬ҡҡͷ̵˵û¡
˵֮ڳϣ
ղԬĿԣڽȽϵġһ˵΢
һᣬԬڳ𣺡һ磬ȫڹռһ֮󣬴ͷţ֧ӣȫǣȫϳͷšҪ죬Ŵ򹷣ֵ·Ѿ
˵ԬתΪ˭Υ˭նġǿˣ
ˣн˶࣬ȭش
ܸܵԬľģ˭Ҳ˧ľ£ݵҲǲҡ
ץʱϢȴûʲôڣȴʼշǳ֣ɱڶмطںҹ֮УΪۡ
ʱţԽԽ
ʿѣںгŶ׼ս
սѾÿʿͬʱҲÿʿʶ֮󣬽һսսսµļ̶ȣȡѾʲôʱܸϵ
ŵеĹʿ֮У󲿷˵˼Ѽе˼Ķ֮սٲˣͣѾҪķϣܳ漣Ѿʱ
˵Щ˿ſţȻ淢ж
ֻ΢ɫ֮£ʮεҹգԶԬǰүѵ̷𹥻


765 
ʱ̣һʱ򡣿ɳԬһҲ˲Щƿϲʵ˺˶
ة˺ңʱѵŷ𹥻ةٹţšҹմش
ЩҹվԬȥϵ˺ģûãӽŴ
ӽҲ˽⵽˹ӦĲ
˺ôܴôԬüͷһ壬еɻʵ
ڳΧΧŹеĸ߼죬Ҳе㻳ҹǲǿˡ
ةƶ˺͵սӵʹãôϵҹ֪ԭ˺ԥشش
Ԭһ㲻ʻȻһЩʣЩ²ҪֻҪȷ˺ȷʵôͿˡ
ǣϿʼǲһţһš
ʱԬһ±úܺãԶעԶǣв֪ʲô
˵ӽսʱȻ뵽˶ֻԼؼʱ̣Ȼˣϻ˵ʲôôԼ˱
ӽԼԽ²˽⣬ƾĵжϣڿ϶Ҫ¡
Ϊǰ߽ôȥκһͳ˧ܲŲʡȻôȥˣǿ϶ɶƾ裬Ժӻ̫
ӽƶ캱սȴʹڸĲС
ǣͳôһĻƶͶɹ뿪лǣ⡢¿֮󡣺֮󣬱еЩӸɲЩٸ
ɹû֮ŬڳӪǰӣóӪӿٶǰҡ֣ǰδйôúܶɹ˸еĲ˼顣
ӱ޵ظҲˣ㹻ľӣʱ⡣
ӽԬɳҹպǴϲֿԶڵ龰ϲ⡣
û뵽²ΪûʤΪϼⲿǿѹ֮£Ȼ˾޴ҡǲ
˴˺õһᣬӽôܴţͬʱɳοɸͻƵùš
ڻôһӣҲЩūԸ⿴ġսһ֮ҹɫ֮£ؾͲǿˣյôһ档
ĸӪĽ²ŵɱһҹ˶ƣ
ǵעֶڳڣʱ˭ֻܳΣҲû˿ųš
ڵĿƶһʱ򣬾ͳ˫ս̫ͶҲûͿƶƽϣŵȽ˶Է˵ôʱÿƶǿԷʵ
ôһǿƶû£һ߿Ž²Ըɱ
ʱ˾֮£ƶƸңԼȥĩͶ˴²ӣǻǰ;
Ĳ캱зɸ봫飬ǰľ鴫ƣͬʱ˺һƳţӦǵľ
ˣŴǿƶˣһǣϱ˳ţ˽ȥȻΪ򵼣ֱ²ָӺڡ
ʱѴ̫ڶȫԾɽ壬ڿ⣬˼ů
ǣеĽ²ǻ̫һߵģǶһߵģȫûоůеֻǳǵ䡣
˭Ҳû뵽콵Ȼʱ򹥹һӦ˳ţʹü̵ʢǷȻͬ衣
²Ҳû˻ɱȤȫʼûͷĲӬҴŶϬı档ӽӶصģҲǵڣϣʲôõĶԲָǡ
м䣬еĽ²ȻŪ˷򣬻̫ܵ˶ߣ߶ܵ˻̫ߡ˭ҲûмƽϣҲûɱǿѹʹЩ²ǻֵ̿ز֪ôá
ڳս֮УЯ亮˾޴عǰ𽥿סڵɵ
ԭ̫ܺõؿڵľƣڰøߵ̽һʱͰѰøɵˡɾʱԼҲ⣬Ȼһ˱ˣһƾͿʼʧء
Ͷû̫֮ʱļöʺȻӱɱ
ΪڻöʶסĶ򣬰ԼСˡҳһƬ
ǻ̫뿴ģųںɱףеѪ
⻹û꣬Ȼ֮ʣñǱΧڿƶ忪ŷ
ֻ̫ǰһڣ˹ȥ


766 
ŵĳͷѾȫͷ£кǹʵݷǹվڡ⣬ԴԴϵͬ۴Ŷ﹥ǰ
ӽվųͷļ¥ϣӴȥӽϡһɫһսƿսľơ
ӽߣĻǶ鼤ؿڵһС
ʱǴҴһˡ˺Ĵ£ˡҲٴæҲˣҪ⽨²αˡ
˭Ҳûлɣ²зΪʤĻᡣΨһвȷǣܲܰѽ²ڡ
ӽͨԶ۲սֽ²Ȼܻţӭ֮ʱҧɱӽȻһʣ
ȻǿĹ֮£Щû֯ķͽ͵ġٶӳƽٶȣҲ
Ž²Ȼصݷǹ£̵߱ͱ˸͸ӽ;÷ǳۡ
ЩǴĲƸ⽨;Ĳվ㣬ҪٽЩ׳Ľ²õͶ
ӽһᣬŮ滰Ͷɱ
ûһᣬڿʼĺͶɱŮ滰һͿʼˡ
Щ䵥Ľ²ھ֮У·ץ˾ݡȻǲ֪Ƿ˵㻰ҲùϾ
Щ²ѲǰĽ²֪η壬˾ʲô͵
أЩǵĽ²ʼͶԽԽСȻˣ൱һֽ²ûͶǵھ˹ȥ
ʱԬҲ̧ţ̤Ǳż¥սǣипǧ
ǰԼĻ䣬ϻ֮ǰΪʱĽ²죬Ž²֮Ҫ˱ᡣ
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ţϾͲ¶΢ЦųϷ֪Ǳߵһˣı˴ųı˽²ˡǰڵЩˣʮ֮˾ɡ
Ԭ̲ס޵ǰˣһ˻ˣԺ˵ˣ
ʱɫǳҲûǿԡ֪ڴʱˣͲ뵽ԬȾز
վԬߣؿڵɱȻΪү壬һֱֹүʱҲ̲סӯ
Ԭ꣬ڶ²֮Ҳõöͷͽ²ĶУкϢүһˣϢҲܡջۣҪ˵һ˵ʤߵ̬վͷֻںϼ˵ιռĻȻź
һڵȻԬĸп֪֮үǳ˺˵ģҲˡ
벻ͨΪʲô˺Ͳȴ֪ŤתǬı£ӲѴִµĻԻ͡
תͷүй˺飬ȴԬǲľͷȻһɱӿϰͷΪ֪үǻعⷵˣ
ʱ˵ʲôǶˣүúʤϲðɣ
ڵĶΪ֮ع̫ȴȻűǣֻһᣬȴû̫ǰε
ԭƻúܺã»̫Ϻôڲ֮󣬱Ի̫Ϊ̸Сǧ㣬û뵽֮죬һ·֮ƹ˳
ʱͶͻΪûгòκκôúԼΨͻΧһ;õѡ
Ҳõŵ֮ˣΣʱ̣ö⣬㵱ϣϸߴ۲ĶѰͻΧͻƿڡ
ֻǵ涼ټԱšΪҲࡣ΢һ룬еԭпͼȻѴӶڳ
һ͸ͻΧ֮ġûĴͶɱרĲ鿴ı֮
һ֮£汻һ򡣶򵱼ϲæʼȡжָӾۼߵļǧ²һɱǸ
һūöʻԡѪشָ̫ڣūĳ
ڵſڣöʿ̫ͷӵڴܳץסʵأ
һǼöʣæ˵ñͻΧ
ǴԼأöæ׷ʵ
һıݣشöʵ棬ˣҪѳ
ʲôöһһƿݣ첽ڡҪʸǲƭ


767 
󺹣󺹡öһߺһ߽˵ڡǰĳһס˿ڡ
ֻ̫ΪήҡʱƴյһŴţһѪûвöһףȻǻ̫֮Ѫ
ûôͻΧſͻΧȥˡ̫һǼöʽбڴʵ
󺹣һ߰ɣûö齹
̫һöʵĻ·ЦЦЦһֱЦΧ˶ĪЦԼԵô
ò̵İ£ָֻ̫ЦûޣûޣˣǴûޣû˺
ûޣ㣬ǸҰģǸĶ򡣶Ҫû˺ȴʲôǣֻǱӰɽˮ֮߳Ķ󡣡
˶ĬĬΨл̫ڳڻ졣ڴʱ˿̣ã󺹵Ļûġ
̫йһֿ֮ʼԭǸǵĴ󺹣ֻԼö˵ŴͻΧɣͻΧȥپ١Ժǵ·ôߣҲ֪Ҫסһ㣬Ҫ˺ڣͲҪӶԶӶԶɣ
עǴͻΧΪ飬Ҳֻôһˡ
󺹡ö£̲סٴȰ˵̫
Ϊ֪ûл̫ĻԶﵽ֮ǰ۷塣֮ˣǻ̫û£ǸͻȻð˺̫ҪȨı̫˵ڶû˸˵һԼҲǣûͻ̫Ტۡ
Ҫ˵ˣѾϡᣬ϶ϡݣǶ˶һͻΧ̫¶֮ɫ˼öʵĻ
ūҪһĶȥݴ˵ܾ˻̫
ᵹû˵һ߿š
̫עƬ̣һľȻ㲻ҪٴζԼö˵ߣ
ö֪ʱʱǳ󣬱㲻ټû̫ҲһߡΪ˽̫ԸѾǾͷţҲȥû˭ı⡣
󺹣ˡö˵°ڣ̫ȥԻ̫ٴ˵󺹵ĳܡ˵꣬ͷ
̫۾أûٴ߼öʣϣȻ³򵥵ֵ֣ܣ
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˵ӽڳϼ¥Ϲ۲սƣעһֱڽ²ϡֳڴ²ȻȥʱһƶԶŷȥ
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һϴӦһ˼¥ȥ˰ٴӽߣӽүſλ𡣡
̸ܣӽԲһ䣬ֻܼϣԼȥԮܼʱסͻΧĽ²
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ŸؿƳŵıҲ࣬󲿷ֶˡ
ڳŵĽ²дǧôһӵϡݷǹֲǺĻǹǻῸס֮Ľ²档
Ҫ֪²ʱ̶ǽ⹥ƱȻͣ⿿ɵϵһôã
ȻӽͨԶЩŵĽ²Ƿһĳ档ǰĽ²ԼΪͬ鿪·
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Ǻ˼֮ʱŴ˶Ȼǻ̫ˡȫһ̫²̧ųġ
²ſڷ֮󣬱ȥͬǱ߹ˡֻ̫ͬݻߣûЯҲȥףֿȭվǡ
̫ɨһ¹㳡ֱӶӽȻᣬ̫ϡʣΧǹ£ʹò£Ҳ֪һǸ˺
νվһߣһֱûдڸСʱһ˻ᣬȵ˺ڴˣūǣݼ
һŭĿӡ
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ӽѣԬѾ̫ˡӽ֪̫ԬĳӽҪ
û뵽߳ƵūȻӡ漴һ룬˻̫Ϊʲô
Ԭӽ֮ɫ
λԭѲɶѲԬԬˡŹƵԭסǱ֮·ӽһƽظ̫ܵ·ʱ˫УǾñطڻˡ
̫ضһԬȻϰעתӽ


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گүͬԼĽ飬û취ˣֻúүԼȥ취ˡ


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ȻˣʵǰЩҲйһκʹκ䣬Ϊ˭Ҳû˵¶ԶΪǴٳĳ衣
׷ɶѲԬΪ涫ѧʿֺ̫̫ҡ
һж֮ǽƻ֮ʱӽʱԲϢʵץȥĻСȥˡ


785 ͢
ĻڣΪ촰װ˲˹߻ܲҪ֮ġ
ֻгʵۡڸ׸ʺ½˹ӽˡʺӽֱڳʵǰࡣ
˾λ֮󣬳ʵۿһۣҲͻ΢΢ͷȻӽʦҲ㣬޺䶼ͷɽʿĽ͡
Ű˾ʿķͣȷʵѵ˳֮͢ʿĽҪˣƱػẮڽʿģӶӰ쵽ġ
ҪǶ˵Ļ͢òôǮʵ۵ֱӡ˼ԸֻӰ쵽͢
ʵۼӽ˺üͷæ͵ʦǳ͢ýͣǹǮѾ;ûôǮ˵⻹ùʦ㡣
ңӽһɵָԼȵطʵ
ʵһЦ˭Ҳû뵽ʦȻһս˽²ƺĿûԤ˵ǲǸù㣿
ӽһԭʵںԼЦɵҲЦˡ
ʱһ߸ӽ͵ˡ˹һǰӺȻХˮ࣬ûȥ쫷Ӱ󣬹ǮкܴһֶȥˡڹǻеǮԤ޽Ͳõġ
һûʣģӽˣе㾪ȵʵ
ʵӽʣȿڽ͵ǻһ֣ڷ֮Ľ͡
¸³һϽ⣬ʱܻһ¡ֻ³Ҫǳ͢Ͼ˷½ʿԹԡҲһ߲
ӽһ̾˾Ǯ治ð
ʵۺˣжйڼǰôǮζЦ
ǰǮǷ˺ö౶û뵽ɲá
ࡢɽϵȵصĸɺ˵Ϸˮ֣궼ĥ񾭡ҿǮЩطľҲ󡣷ǰĹЩطİղǶƾǵˡ
дɶϵȵصľѿ֧ҲһʴͷڵˣɶĸԺͻ𲽼١ǱߣȻڿ£ʵҲһأҪȥ
ʵţȻҡҡͷˣȥֻ
ôӽп֮󣬾ʵ
ʵһֱעӽģӽֻǸпһ£ûһ㵣֮ɫһϲƾӽ˽⣬֪ӽ϶⡣
ʵ۷ˣҲˡһӽĻһ£˵ձ¸ո¹ٿ˶ν׼۸£μ֮⣬в̶ͬȵϸ׼Ϊ
ӽüͷ׼۶ϸĻ˵ޣţŻʳκһΪҪġûʳĸͻᶯҡǮûá
ӽӣʵۺʸµӽҲܵģʳסˡ
һᣬյͷ˼ӽ̧ͷʵ۵£ǰô
УʵϽܵɶ⸴յ£ƼԱɶԱ
ʵ˵ĸԱȻǼȽϸߵЩΪͼģֱͿԸݺ򲹹ԱĿаšȻջǻ͵ʵ߸ʽ
ӽֵһ£ûʵۻ߿ˡͽĿǰһ£г񣬼вбǡ
˵֮ʱȻ֮ӽ֪ʲô˼ɵۿ⡣
ʱʵȴ˵ˣԭɫѰˣʱ졣ŵʱˣλ䣬Ǳ߳ԱΣ
ԭϴ֮󣬳ʵ۵ĳӵ壬̵ʱ䣬ѡȲŵڵ£Ҳܼʱѵŵʱ
ӽôõ·صʦһڣ緹ǳſ϶˵ѣʱĶѶˡԭ˵º󣬿ؼҼŶӡ
û˵꣬ǺҪ飬ȻϻؼҡӽҲͳʵۿǰ磬䷹ԡ
õһʱлʵ۾̲סˣʻںԺȵӽʦղ˵֮£Ƿнķӣ
ϰʻӽǻԣҲͣ¿ӣеʨͷǳʵ˸ģΪ֪ӽʨͷ
£ȷʵһЩ뷨ʵʩĻӦܽЩ⡣ӽЦŻشʵ۵
һֱӲˣ˲ӽ˵
ʦ˵ʵеȲ֪ӽк⡣


786 ӵĸı෽
£ɶս£ȻϵսƷ࣬ʵϻһ޴ıáӽʵ
֮ԻΪ²۵ĲƸϴϮսʱͱӽһˡ
ϴηʢսƷ˵ξ˺ܶࡣ
ʵһ۾һ֣ӽ⣬ʲô⣿
ԼĲƸӽЦŻشһ£Ȼϸ͵Ȼɶ˿ˡ£ɶţôġ
һŮˣе׳꣬ҲЩսȫȥ޽Ͳ㡣ġ֮޽͢滮õЩͲˡ
ã޺˼ʵ˲廰̬
ڶŮеĸΪū͸йʿиޣϾ͸ͨ˵ݣϣӦģЩ޽ͲսҲôһϣֻܴʹ¡
ӽ˵ЦŽһµôһʿǵķͣͿٵˡ
ʵףŮū͢вһ취
УҪЩ棬Ҳѹɶˣ˲١һ߲
ǳڵµĸ߶ȣ˻ߺ԰ѱϳɳصӽͷЦЦ
Ȼ˵ﳼһûãЩ귢׷ĺôãЩУ϶иĲ֣֮Ҳ϶Ϊ²£ѹҺ˵߹Щ֡
ʵüͷһᣬͶӽʦȲ˵
ϴ󷢻ӽӵɶضչУȻΪʹ͵һָ֣йʿʹСض١ֿٻһֹе
Ŀǰ£ȷʵһķɽʿ⣬ܽԼ⿪֧ҲñսµսƷʿս֮һ
˹ɶô󣬰һؽ͹ɶعҲʣ١ӽ
ӽһЦյصҪ˵һҪݣӵĸ¡
ʵһӽ˵ôҪ飬š
ӽתʵۣ͵˼ǳô˴ս´ʤƣɶû֮ʣٶʵʩȥΪС
ʦ˵˵ʵ۵ͷ
£ĿǰӪ֮⣬߾УֻǴڼûнίλᣬȫʵʩίƶȡ⣬ŴʱûǿĶ֣ѱ߾иı࣬Ұսطͨ࣬ϣдģΪ󾫲࣬ͬʱҲЧٳ͢ĸ߱߾Ĵ
ʵۺʶţûдӽ˵
һĿǰɶʵʩίƶȡΪоӪǹһʱ䣬ǶϤίƶȣҸվʤȫзͣӦò⡣
ڶб·߾͸սľ֮ʿѡΪҰսţ䱸ߣεȵľʿɵطţطΰ֣ҪʱתΪҰս֮ʿ̭õɶȥΪ񣬿Ըһذ֮á
ӽʵǲο˺ľӷ࣬óʵۺöĿһ¡رǵطţȷְǵطΰ;Щ
ʦطΰɵطٸۡôʵеʣ
ӽкΪοȻܺܿشˣ£̫ۡ٣ΪάֳеΰһЩͲʣ˵ȵȡȻˣҪǾܡ
νҵרְܷ壬ƽʱͼѵҰսڴսطھֺͽ˷ˣҲǳ
ӽ˵ʲ廰ʵ۵£˹ǰʱ˵ʲôСʱڻʮֺ꣬ϡ㲻СʱڣֺҲûͣþԼľ֣ЧȻ
ʵۼ޳ɣǺҲ͵ͷͬҲǺ⡣ˣʦϴδӾӪ̭ľ齨·ӣҲ˼·ɣ
ˣղ˵˼·ӽЦ˳ʵһƨ
йһӽĽ飬һ£ȷϵ߾ֲҰս͵طӣӦҲҪнίưɣ
Ǻǣ´ϽҪнίƶȣǱֳ͢ԵطſȨıҪֶΡҸղ˵©˶ѡӽЦŻشʵ


787 µ
ίƶȣԴӽھӪʼʵʩ֮󣬳ʵ۾Ѹеǳˡ
ΪԹֹ佫רȨһֱͳΪͷ۵顣
䣬ĻֻҪе㳣ʶͳߣ᲻֪ԡʷжٱ磬Ϊƶɵġ
ҲΪʷĽѵ͢Ч佫Σͳû취ֻѡһ΢һֶζѡ
ʵû뵽ӽĻǸˣֻӽ˵˵͢ԵطŵĿƣˣټʩ
ʲôʩʦ˵
˹
ʵۺʲԼͬشӽй⣬ʵ۹ģΪ׸ҲǺܿġ
ӽͷʣתͷʵ£ԺȱʱҲǽʱˡʱһص㣬ڣĸ»ֻҪ͢Ƹ·߾ĺڣ͵˸·߾·߾Ľв֮ģҲΪ
һ㣬ʵۺʵʶ̣Ͼ˵⻹ǱȽʵ顣ӽô֣µǲſʼ顣
ݻص㣬һ룬Ȼˡʵۺʲɵ¶һֿϲô˵ĸ·߾ӵصĿԽø͡
ӽЦݣ͸ЦЦȻ˵ĵڶʩ£һʩǳ͢齨½ѧԺŶڵѧ࣬߹񡣡
ӽ˵һʣʵۺæʰϸӽķ
£ʱص㣬Ǹ߼սͱ˵ǹ⿿յġлʱڵĽʿ˵ʵӱսбս
רų½ѧԺѧԱģø·߾һϵĽ춼Ҫʦѧϰĺôһܱ֤սǳûԳ͢ģٶԱ߾˽ҡ
㻹Ժͽίƶã½ѧԺ޵ı߾٣Ҫɽίܽһ߽ίھзǾָӵĻȨӶһͱ߾Ա߾ȫơ
ӽԭʩѾ˵ˣղ˵˵һ㣬Ͳ⻹ȡ·߾ԭеţԽΪָӵȫʹñţ㻻˽죬Ų䡣ܽһԾӵӰ죬ҲʲôҾ֮˵
ʵǺһЦ֪ǷӪǰɣ
ӽһʼ¾ʱôˣѾӣʵͿ
ӢӽҲˣץסͳƨ
˹ѧΪҪΪʲô½ѧԺأʶھ»ǺУʳеʡ
ӽ΢Ц͵´ҲԴϽһ־ӵְܡҪ£Ժӵб仯ˡ
ҲʱĽĲڵǰоٵδ½վ
ʵ½ͺ⣬һͲ֪ˣӽĻʵʦΪվ
˵ˣվǲеģվ˼ָзɵľӡӽеεؽ͵ղ˵̫ǰˣվ⣬û
ʵе㾪ϲصʦǰ˵ʲôɻ
ºüԣӽϿ
ˣһᣬȻüͷʵ˹ɻô
ӽʻתͷ˵ڻУֻеȿƼˣ˻֮زŻ֡ڳ磬ٶ꣬Ż⡣
ʵۺʶöӽĻ˵ԭʷϣҪٶŻɻ
ôһʵۺʶ¶ʧı顣Ҫϵľӣˮǧɽ⣬ϾܴϷɹȥž;е㲻˼顣
ӽ˵ı飬͸Ǵгڣɻڳ֮ܲ˵ԻȳҪ㳼ҿ϶
ʵۺ˶ɵõͷֻֿʼԼ˼ʮꡣԼ̫ǿ˹ַ˼ˡ
ʦһֱãǰ϶ڱӡ㣬ǴĲƸʵۺȻĸп
ӽһеʱҲڤڤ֮⣬ȻԼԽ˳ʵǰһʼϲ·ߣ̫ɺˡ
˵һʱ˶޸пС
˺һᣬӽȴЦ˵ѽ˵˵ž¥ˣղ˵ˣ


788 Ҫ
ӽôһ˵ʵۺȻһӽ˵¥ʣǶ⣬̲סЦ
ѵ˵½ѧԺʣ˵
´˺üԣӽ˵ŻĴָʾʡ
Цҡҡͷ˹죬ԽԽˡ
ʵһ߼ˣɵҲ΢΢ҡҡͷȻЦʦż˵
ʦڵ£Եóƣһ㣬֪Ͱˡй㣬ʵۺϲ
ֻӽ̬ȣǰĻ⣬½ѧԺ½սΪҴ½죻ˮʦѧãԺսΪҴĺս죻Ժ󻹿ԳվѧԺ˲Ŷܴӳ͢Ƶѧóȥϵǰǿ١
£˹˵⼸㣬ÿԣʵʩȥҲȷʵǺʱ򡣴ʱ䣬Ҫʵʩˡʿһ£ʵ۽
ʵɫ࣬ͷãͰմ˲߸±·߾齨Ұսţسһפ
Ļû˵꣬ͱӽˣҲֻӽҴϳʵ۵Ļֻ˵£ļһ仰õķأһǲ𳤳ǷǺúسһפԱֱͼ
ʵһôĿꡣû̬һ˵ˣ˹Ա̫ຮ͢ռҲ޳ĪѾȥر򡭡
û˵꣬ͼӽҡͷȻǲͬǣͣټ˵׼ӽĲͬ
´ˣղ˵Щǰ˵еġҵļ磬֪顣ղŵĹ۵㣬вͬĿˡ
ʵһĻӽ¹۵ˣæʵʦкβͬ
£ѾʱʼɵȱʱĽֻһٽĹҵʱǸʱ򣬾뽫⡣
ʵӽ˵͵ǰ˵ݣʹϵǰʦ˵˵иĹңһ֮ܵκεص㣬ɣ
ӽûȥƨ˳ڽŵԣǴѾʼӿƼķչǸ̽ᱻҴ̡˵˶꣬ܿı䡣ĿǰӴı䣬ָտɴġ
һıָտɴǾ˵Լп֮꿴õɵæʵ˹ı䣿
ӽԿʣ΢ЦŽܵһ㣬Ѿˣˮ·޽޵ˮ·ǰĵ·г̲١
ڶ㣬ƵȥʱѾԭˡǸ˷ǳָ⼸оʵõ
ӽеãȻӣٽһ͵ʵ˵Ƕĸı䣬ǰ֮󣬾ͻɵǸʱ򣬴ᷢ츲صı仯
ʦټʵۺǺ棬ӽҪ
ӽתͷʵۣ˵˶֪һЩ飺һֽл𳵵ĳĶΪᶯôһˣ˻
ִǰ˵Ժ󿿷緫еķʱͽȥЩˮϣǺϻǽӵĴֻ췭ظĸı䣻иţ֮ģ滻䶯
ӽʵۺʵԺгһɵôˡ
ӽȴԹԵ˵һͨǰΪڼʮڿ϶ʵ֡Ӧģú̿Դ󽫴ӡΪǿȼתΪܣתΪܵġ
ʵۺЩʣ˭Ҳûӽ˵һ˵ꡣ
ӽʱЦݣضԳʵۺʵԱĿຮ֮أú̿ʯͣЩڽ󽫱ȻƽҪˣΣǴҪ֮ռ
ãʦҪˣʵۼһǰӣص
ǰʵȣôһ£һ졣
ʱʵ۲ѹüͷһĶȻתͷʺӽǰǵλ䣬跹񣿡
ȻЩȶǷˮųԵģǸղ۵ʱ̫еˡ̹Ů۹Ҵ£ֲҹš
ӽһ£͵ˣˡ
һߵʣȻ͸˵ҪԵĻ
ǣʵ̹ŮϽЩˣȻϹӽͼ˾⣬һ


789 ˯ɹ
ӽָǹأԳʵ۵£ɹ˴󲿷Ҵڳıǿ˹ڻֻһСѡ
ܵ֣صٴǿǴƬõʱжռĵ̡һҪأӵҲС
ʵ۵ֻ۾ѾðˣŵͼǴһƬã޼סˡ
ԭҪȰһ£ȰѾڷ⽨һϡӽ˵ӵУôͲҪѶپûȰˡ
ӽٿһͼ󣬺ȻԳʵ۵£һͼأ
ʵӽҪ˰һҲȡ˹ϡ
ӽսͼڶĵͼϸ˼ңȻָŵطддЩǳ֮ǰ˵ĵ±ءȻˣҲУΪ
ˣֻҪģ϶֪ڵİɽʹơйͼϣбʶӽָ
ʱòϣȷʵΪҪĿʵۺ˶ǴϲԴչȥһ
ӽתָˮˣֻ˵ô࣬һǰᣬʳ
ʵһתͷӽʵʦҲа취ɣ
˵꣬Ӿʼ顣
£ʳ⣬Ǻܺý뷨˵һ¡ӽ֮󣬾ϻش
ǣֿʼһ⣬һֱ۵ҹ
ɢ֮ʲڣֱ޵ڸ󡣶ӽȴϻؼңźˡ
һ·ϣԴʦķʱڽϻҲˡ
ӽû뵽ǣôˣ˾Ȼһû˯ȫڵظ
ӽճڶϣкŵļӭȥһϽܻظȥ֪ͨ
үظˣ
ӽŵĹߣ˵ڳ󣬲Цŵﻹô
ڳ첽ţԱӽһµٶȣȻиϢү˿϶ˣ
ŶʲôϢӽһ£սϸڳʵ
ڳȴûֱӻش𣬶Ҫү´δһҪҡ
ûȥɶΪź
ˡľӽһ֮´Ц
ֵģһӽһڸεɶ֮սպĻӽһ󹦡
ڳΪӽƽʱΪ˺ͰͳûһԼԸȴҲôӽʶеġ
ֻڳЦӽүˣ
ӽһһ㶣ϲæһŸϻؼȥ
֮ǰڸţȻջǸŮǾжŮˣӽţܿ͵˸ſڡ
û뵽һ˾ȻڸſӭΪ׵еš
һӽˣȥصӭүظ
ӽûͣͷ¡ȥӦԹѽôôϢҲûתůͣҪô죿
Ӧ̵أû˵һͯ
ӽԵͷһŷԼӴһӣԼű̧ͷԼ
ѶӸˡӽϱ˶ӣ͵˼еСȻӦ˵Ĵӵ£ȥ
ʱޱȵܰ
ڽӵү󣬾½ȥϢˡӽӦһ𣬺Ŷ˯ˡŻصԼķȥ˵˽
Ϲ˺öࡣӦӽĻ۵˵
ӽԼҴϣطһȻЦŻشϹȥ̣ȥεģȻˡ
Ӧûϻش𣬳Ĭһᣬ̧ͷͨߵ⣬ӽһ˼ң˵ӦøϹ顣һ仰һֱϹ˵һ˵
ӼҲ׸˼ҵĹأʲô;ܸϹ˵ǡӽӦԴ
Ӧӽ㽹ǵϹѹΪΪϹ壬ΪңҪҪϹѱȨϰɣ
ǵ̫ˣָұȨ֣ϲģӽһ΢üͷӦ
Ӧһĵ֮ʱҲͲش𣬾ֱ˵ŷĺˣ²ϹûбҪȥˡȷʵ̫ˣһܸɵ˵ġ
ӽûйĸӦֱͣӰѽ˵Ҫ˵þá
ʱѾˣŻУ˯ɣԣ


790 
ӽ죬ؽ¡Ϳʼʵʩˡ
ǷگΪ˹ִƾӪܱԡƵùΪܱΪگִƾӪұۡ
㡢ڴ˴սб㣬ҲԽΪλһְ
սµȫӪʿ۹ͣʹ͡Ҫѫ֮⣬͢˾ӪʿѡǮͻɶؽ͡
ӪֻһС漮ɶĽʿѡأ󲿷ѡǮϾӪʿļҶھʦǮ˵Ϊá
ųֹ͢ɶİţѲ¬ɶְܶλƹɶȨͬʱα飬פΪ£
ԭƽѲӦѡɶѲɶսָפΪҪɶϲľɶܶĹϽ
ԭɶܱοɸٷΪƶפؿƶ߲ԭڲԭ˽ƶ߳ǣƶ߲ԭľȨ
ԭɶܱٷΪ򱱲פԭūɶָʹ˾ڵ֡Ϊرؽ
ԭԶνڱʷ˼Ϊ˿ƶܱ٣ܺοɸָӣƶ߲ԭľ£򱱿ش
ƶڴ˴սбֳɫΪ꣬˵һͶпƶλͷˣԭƺͲ캱ֱ𱻷Ϊ̫ƽ͹ƽֱ;ʦۡһ뾩ʦٻ
͵ʿȫõͣΪԼŮūĿĶԹͶΪοΣЩʿһ¶˶ĵ
ɶ²ͳµĺˣɶѲмֱش񼣵ĺ˻ֵһСءش񼣵ĺˣͰ۴
ʥּһǰɶģдĽίɽָ֪ͬ񿵴ӣʼվӪ͵
ͬʱ͢ʽ߾෽б߾ҪΪҰսź͵ط֡ɽֱڵı߾ɼɶʦڸ𣻸ࡢı߾ܶг븺𡣴صľһЩǰڹ͵֮󣬾ʼࡣ
Щּһ֮󣬾ھʦ顣¥跻ֻҪڰԣЩеĳһЩ
͢ο󷽣һξͷһΪҴһģʳҡͷԵ˵
һһһתͷ˵ôˣԭǺˣд˴󹦣Ͳٷô
Ƕһһ˼е޷޲ƽӣæ͵̨£Ҫ̾ѡ
Ͱͬһ̼Ҳ廰ˣ𿴷ʵ͢׬ġ
ͬ׳һֱʵ磬Щţ˵˵ɡ
̼һְҵϰߣǸЦ£Ȼת˻ȥ׳Ͳ˵ˣ˵үǷǲáҸ˵˵
ϵкЩϵֵܣڼֿʼԣͶŶеĸɴֱӷ¿ӣתӿǡ
Ϯһڶ˾ʵȨܳ͢⣬Ҳһˡ˵ǿƶλȫǰǴи͢Ǯھʦѡ˵ǲǳ͢׬ˣ
̼˵̲ס˭ǵˣ
̼֪лһ˿ޣԷɧҲӶܵĻ⣬˵˵ƶ򱱲Ȼ˲ȴҪڿຮ֮ΪȥԤϣδĽԶԶʢĽ򡣡
¾걻ūɶ˾ϽҲ򱱲פءǰߣҪѿຮ֮ȫͼһһʳͲ廰϶
͢Ҫر֮٣ʵѾһϵеľٴȷ֪¡ֻҪͷˣ㡣
ˣ΢һֻۣ»ˡֻ׳ֵ̼磬˵˹ִƾӪǲǻʲô⣿
̼һһ׳صʲô⣬²Ű˹ΣپӪĿľΪ˶Ը²ڽ²ѾҷĿѾﵽˡҸ㣬˹ԼϴȥӪᶽģ֪ʲôô
һдϣϾΧһȺ˹׷ײ²˹ְɡ
ֿ̼ôΧһԣ£ص˵ү˵Ƕš
̼ôһ˵Χ˸ǺˣҲٲ£ȫΧ˵иˬѾƹ˵һķǮˡ
̼ʵж˹һл㲻ٵθڣֱ˵ˡ


791 Σ
үԻ˵ˬˬʵ̫ˡڽ²Ҫȥ
ֵ̼Ļһ䣬¥ôôˣȴһ±ѻȸ
κɣһӦǹүֻΪˬôо泡ϷѣڶоǶڹү˵Ҫȥ÷ǳò˼顣
һȺֻ̾үǾ񣬴ѵϷľ硣
Ϣͨˣֿʼ˵˹յĸֶ´󹦣Ѿλˡδ˵ܳĸȥ꿡ܣɴ˿ɼ˹
һֿʼ²үȥֵʲô㣬ûһ˵ͬԼĹ۵㡣ɴˣүΪʦյһա
ʵӽ˵ֻǺһ˼Ծý衢ƼչӪΪ
˵ҲǣڱѾûдĵ֣ʱ޳ĪҪˮʦ齨֮󡣱Ҫ޽Ͳ㣬ܴģǰ
ˣʱڣӽľʵġ
Ҫ˵۵Ļӿؾ֮󣬾ӪᶽѾһְжۡ
ԭʵ۵˼ҲӽšΪô๫УҪ˵ŵˣӽĪ
ӽȴٹң˵Ǹ˻ᣬʵƼ˲گ
ڲگʵҲӡ̡ȥʱУĽʿگվ˳ǵʱߵĽ졣ܹӦԼҪǰ⣬ܻشġ۱£گǹġ
ˣӽƼ֮󣬳ʵۿͬƼ
Ȼӽж˾ӪᶽһְȴǷǳصġΪĿǰϺʼ٣һжõδǰʵϣȴǱž޴ΣΣʳΣ
ǽ±⣬±ˣеһ̸
ʲôˮ·ʲôѧʲô߾ƣʲô޽Ͳȵȣȫꡣ
ԭʷϣʱ򣬴ѾˡڣΪӽĳִ֣ļûг֣ڼ˺١
Ȼά־棬ȴҲΪʳԺȷֻĻ᲻ϵسȥ
ʳⲻԭʷҪʳĻӽͨı죬ʷ·ִڽҳһš
浽Ǹʱ򣬾ͻӽԸ⿴ǳ͢òɱɵ
ˣӽҪ飬ȫԸøֶߴʳʹȵȣĿľһҪһա
飬Ҳв룬ʱЩ档
޽Ͳ㣬Ѿɳǰɽ˺ͱɽǻӶʰ֮⣬˺ͱѺ⽨²սǰȥ޽
Ϊ²ս࣬˳͢ѾߣͬʱҪʼ޽Ӱ뵺ͰȺϵĲ㡣
ʣµĽ²սʱڰɽ󣬵ȴһ޽
ЩأԶһЩĻơ֮󣬱ͷŻع
ʱӽոմϽǳȥʼоԺ·ϡ
ĴѾӵʮˣķۣǴﵽ˶ʮˣȻǹ˰ٴΪס
һȫƺƵڽϡֻҪǾʦİգȻǺܶûмӽȴҲܴӷϲ³Ϊ׵λ𾴵˹ΪֻӽĻУжۡ
û˸ҴŹүʱܵһߣȻ𾴵Ŀ͹үԶȥ
ӽھʦնĸоҲΪŽֵϵķеѹ͸ˡ
ķ٣ܲܳչΪķ٣һжʳܷ
ӽоԺҲֱͨ·΢Ӧǡ
ӦǵĲ;ϲ֮ɫУδǰμӽѾˣȥ꽻Щũôˣ
Ӧһ֪˹ָެ׺˹ż£æھʦ丽ʡֵĲǺ⡣ÿֶһЩ𡣡
˵һ£˻˹е飬ӦǾӽվǣԵ̫òˡ
ӽҲνֱһȻ̧ͷվԼǰӦǣʾ˵
ެ䣬˱Ľܲ롣ݹĽ飬ũͻĵ϶ֲ֣ࡣҲ˵ެҲڻĵϣԲռԭũֻǲ̫ͣҪϸƷֲС
ӽõͷָʾҪѡȡЩ̫Ʒ֣͢׼ɶֲջ١


792 ڱƹ
ӦӦȴвղ¹óެ䣬ǶԱϷʡݵެֲóġ
ŶǾ˵Ϸެֲãӽһе㾪ϲʵ
Ӧ΢΢ͷ̬һ棬ӽǵġȥϷ쫷Ӱ죬˲ެԱȱɻʸߡ
˵΢ͣһᣬȴһת۵ǣϷެȻƫ͡
ӽ΢΢еʧҲ⣬ĸ߲ЩӦެ϶ǾڸĽ
ެմãҪȫƹƷ֣϶һ̵ġ
뵽Ӧǵ׺أ
׺ެ࣬ں߻գǺˮеμŨȸйϵެҪˮ֣Ŀǰ˵ڸɺطصĵطֲס
Ӧ˵֮󣬼˹¶ʧ֮ɫæ׺ެǿھֵġΪԲռԭũʺϵĵطֲջٲӶٲˡҹʵױʣױ䡣
ţ֪˵˵ɡӽͷһ
˵Ӧ¶Цݣشӽǡǡެ෴飬ڱֲĲҪϷԳóۣũϲũҪһĵطֲĲһЩ
⾭飬˵ѿ֮ܳ⣬ƤҲܳԡУҲҪԣΪ˲ж֮ȴǿɿζ
ӽҲ¶Цݣ׷ʵΣ
˵ӦЦݣ΢ҡҡͷǺܸߡΣһĲǻһ㡣
ӽվӦǵİ·߶
Ӧǵ֪ڿ⣬˶ְҴ
һᣬӽվӣӦǣһƷָҪһֱϵؽУŬṩҿȷظ㣬Ĳܸߺܸߵġ
ǣӦǴӦһ
ӽõӦǵĻӦ֮󣬾ͼ˵ڶѡʵӣرɳоԱָࡢɽֱɶڲӰũҵǰ£ָ㵱ũ񣬽дƹ㡣
ӦǼ˹һȵӣ̲סѵտʼƹ㣬ҪʱſܻһΧֲҾоԱָ㣬ڵĲܻǻõĲҪͲ١
ӽûвʵʣͷ֪ҲڴһʼֲǰзաһҪȥ֣֣ͣô
סӦǵͷӦ
˵Щݣӽִһ˿ϣʵûзرũ
֮ǰʼذϡŹֵũﶼ͵ʦҲˣﱻӽˡʱӽǻּһα뷨
˭֪Ӧʧˣʱûյرũ
˵֮ӦЦŵǸˡ
ӽһʧֺϷԸҴЩȥооˣ⣬Ҳʡƹֲĺö
ӦǻĵһЦ֪ϲֵϡ
ũӲ֮ӽӦǵͬ£ֱȥ˶оȥӲо
·ϣӽ߽߱ӦǵʲôõũҵʩԽ⺵ĹߣõĲַʽּȵȣҲҪǵܽᣬƹ㡣ũҵоڽʱڣȫŬũҵΪĿꡣô
ףӦӽ飬ͲӣӽӦ
һ˵ӽˡصˮʩҲҪŲס޵ҪޣͨҪʱͨͷøʵϸ£ɳר˸²С
ôһҪܴһӡʵۿ϶ͷۣǲòӡǵʵף뵱ûʵ۾Ѱ
ӽһߣһţɵ΢΢еͬʵۡ
оñȽϽûһ˾ߵĿĵء
ӽѾһˣֺȥоԺһֱǰоȥӲ졣ǣû뵽ǣαסˡ
үȥСȥһӽ֮󣬾ǰ˵
󵨣ıӵһǰȳ
С˲ңС˲ҡһţ˵
˵֮ȴǿٴƬ̣Сϻ
ӦһϹҲסˡԼоһССȻҪѧϸӪ˹ɣ


793 Ľ
ӦΪˣæǰҲһȳ
ʱӽȴƳԡһССǾԲ˼֣Լùȥ
ϾֻǶоǾϸӪǣӽֹӦǡѾҪ޵ô£
Ϊ˾޴ѹһŽֻ˹һˡڼӽûǿͰɫ
һɣͻشǰշը޹Աү˴֮͸ܹȥˡСȥȫ֮ùүȥ
˰ٴһӽǵȵȰɡ
ԭе㲻ţͷ˵վԼλȥˡ
ӽȴ֪ãȷʵᱬըæʵôô
ûûУպ뿪˱ըʱֳϽش
ӽ˿û¾ͺáӻ˵ȥɣҾȻᡣ
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ӽԿεص㰡Ҫѧ࿴ȷʵдڱըĿԡҪ˽ԭͲôˡ
Ӧǵ˼ӽֲ֤̫࣬ͷųȥͱըˣ
ãͿܻᱬըӽתͷӦǵ
Ȼõ֤ʵӦȴеԼµĶо˱ը˼ô飬ȴԼǲ̫ˣ
ĻԼʱҲָղһĻˡ
Ӧе㰵֮ʱоµĹҲоԱҴҸſڡ
һӽæҪ
ӽסǣȻĵʵըǼ˵ĹôʿΣ
ǼһоԱ˹˹ģǸжзæشһ˽أˣֶڼˡ
ôѴӦǳʵ
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ӽûӦ˵ȽҪǣǹϵǿʢΪؼĶ͢ζзȥġֻԺһҪעⰲȫԡ
ǰ͢Աӣһ飬һ⣬Ǳ˹ϵ̫ͻ᲻ȥȫνָˣǸľ飬д˵Ҳûеġ
ӽ˵֣صؽǶǴĲƸǧҪʧˡ
û뵽˹˵Ļ̧֮ߣʹ÷Ǻ¶ǳжæӦ
зǻ͵ըʵ¹ԤϣһЩĻ»
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ӽͷʵڿԹȥô
룡Ǻ¶õһߣȻӽǰ
ǹ˰ٴˣǣһǰ΢ӽǰȻʷǵûˣ
ͷʻǲҵҲбҪҪһ£æѾͷᱬըġ
õȫĴ𸴣˰ٴŷģһã·˳
ǣӽ·һ֮£֮ǰвͬ
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ǸӽܵѾܹʹã˵ˮӣѾɹˡЧ̫ͣ˾˸ĽΪĽûдãų˱ը
ӽ¶ϲ֮£ǿʼӽϸ˽ܡ
Ǵʱţ󲻾þѾоЧʺܵͣԶԶﲻӽ֮ǰ˵ӦõֵطΪʹõҪ
˷Ǻ½ĥֽ֮˸ĽЧȻˣȴҲΣա
ӽĽ֮һ㶼ϧĿˮ佱ǡȻһǰȫ
ôӽûоԭ֪ġ͸ʱȴ÷ϷĽ
ǣӽҲٴţ÷ǧעⰲȫúоȡо


794 
ӽоȺ⣬Ϊȣʵ͵ʷǰ֣ȵڻƬϡ
ʵϸ룬ӽ־ǱȻ顣ΪŷоЩ˱ʱ֮صо̫ˡ
Ҳ˵ҳĸ߶ʵ͵Ĵ峤ƽʱĿȾѾͨѧȶ෽ݣѧͽܱȡ
棬ӽȻûʵЩ֪ģ㲦귽ǣ°빦Ч
棬͸ŷ޵ܱͬˡŷССһһԼڸоڻ֮ϣǼ۹о
ʽõģٶᲦȻǹṩģҪʲôϣܸҪʲôĹֹȵȫŷͬ߱ġ
ȻˣӽӶо󣬻̲סӦǿ佱ΪʱգһĿƼмȻΪ׵һ
ӦǺǺǵЦˣܹ佱Ҳӡ
оſڣʾӲо
ӽɫֻ磬ͶӦǵߣȥ
ԶͲ·ܵˡһ˾߻оԺȥ
ͲһǹоԺܡӽһ߿ǰУһʸͬӦǵӦ֪ɣ
ԭΪ˹ҪֳӲ죬ӦǲûϽڹ·ϾˣӦҲϻش˽ʲô
ʱȻ쵽ˣǱȽ䡣ܵÿһ㣬ࡣ
ӽͲͷܿ˷ͷӦǵ˵˵˵
Ӧ΢һ£Ҳǲͷӽֱӿʼ
һֱ˸Ĺӭ˳˴ú󣬻ûнꡣ
ּӦӽϵز廰ʻУͣĲ䣬ϰѸǰǰ鶼һ顣
ԭ֮Եڻûгĸ֣Ҳԭġ
ĩʱڣĸұ̣Ѿ˹ģĵز
ǰ¯보¯һ¯Һ보¯ľ裬ʹҺе̼
ľҺĳֱȽ׿Ƴɷݣֱӳ̼ȴĸл̼̼᳴֡ҲǺ˵ĳַ
Ĺգѳϻϵͳ˼룬Чʣּܺġ
ԭʷϣӦǼǽԼдġ칤һУӶ˺
ʷϣҪŷҪһҡֻǼ忪ʼڲûжٷչˣ˺ź
ּȱ¶Ȳ²ǳֻĶǰ̬״ֿ顢顣
ֻҺ̬֣ܹϽϽ֣߾ķʽֲġ
λϣΪӽѣ¶ȵõߣﵽֵҪ󡣲¶ȵߣִ⣬һֱ롣
һǸͻש⣬ôõʱ䣬ʵһֱʵͻשĲϣ˰ʱ䣬ҵ˺ʵͻשӶ⡣
ڶǲ֪ΪʲôĸУȽϴࡣ
й⣬Ҳҿг֧֣͢ϱȽϣϷĸձڱȫȽϣ˱ú̿Ϸľġ
ǣʦĸҲľģȷʵ˸ʦľޣú̿㣬ľĵĳɱʵ̫ߡ
Ǿֿʼĥµķʵȥҵ˷ӣýúȵú̿Ҫϲ١
оɵĴ̼ǲϵŬ£Ħõķһʱʵֱ֮Ƿʱ򣬼ʯʯʯ֮ʱ
ִ֮һ⣬¯ڵʴԴʯʯЩ֮󣬾ͱúء
Ĺǲòٴʵ¯µͻשһֱϸ£ҵһֽаʯͻש⡣
޽µ¯¿ʼʽҪȵ¸¡
ӽЩû漰˲ûʲôرָʾ
ӽ͹˱һûеġˣӽоԱҪǲʵˣͬʱҲҪԭܽᡣ
ֻˣܾһգƶǰչ
㣬ӽͬʱҪӦǽиǧҪ
ȵӽӸӲ֮ͺˡӽûȥϽǣؼдܽȥˡ


795 ʳΣ
һ磬ӽûȥϽǣ˹ּϽ
ӽһΪʲôⷢˡһæһѯһعĴּ̣׳ʲô
̲֪Ҳûм֮飬ֻһϺڸ׸һ󣬾ּ⡣
ӽֻôɻϵϽǣĻ˳ʵۺʡ˵ͬǣʱһϡ
ʦݵ˽⻹һЩϢ޺֮󣬾Ͱһ飬ûͷֲ֪ȥʲôط㣬ʱ䡣ʵһӽ͸нԭ
ô˵Ϊӽֻ˹ֻоλְλÿ£ڼ帣
֮ǰʱӽҪȥоӲʵջȥһʱҲˣ̰ӽнˡ
ӽѾӲ˼Ҫоԭͼƻһģ˳ʵʵǶһ١
ӽǹݵ飬ɶܲȶܲڶʱڿʼؽøؾɶϵʮش
ˣӽһʵ۵Ļʵ£ʳһΣ
ʵûֱӻشΪֳרҵʿ廧ͷбӽܵ¹ٽּ֮󣬾͵ݣĿǰѾһЩ׼ɶĿֻܼ࣬ɶ񡢰ԭɶ˿ڵ֮á
ô£ӽһüͷ
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ӽͲ³˵ʲôˡΪ²ȱΪҰ֮ߣʳ͸ˡϽΪսûճɣ˵ǵõ˿ںͬʱҲ˾޴ʳ
ԭɻ̫ͷ۵飬תƵ͢ˡŴɶƵĽ򲻶ѹԽԽ
ȻϽĻӽɡʵʱ廰Ҳּ򱱲ݻţڿƶǱߣΪҪǣţҲͬҪĴʳ
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ʵҲõͷŲ޺飬Ҳɶʵʳзܶ٣һʳܼ̫ϣ
ڲ֮ɶӴ˿ڣǱʡ̭Ľʿ͸ľһǳʵɶ񣬶ᱱʡʳѹϾ⼸ʡȫأܰõɶȥõģΪǱдؿԷֲ
˵˵ţʵ۵üͷҲøˣӽʦǰѾǽʱ˸ֲݻ޽Ͳ㣬ҲáһУҪʳ
˵ִһ˿ϣӽʵʦջ񣿡
ԭ֮һӽȥӲµũΪݣΪϤ
ӽ˶¶Ϊע̬ɵ΢΢Цջ񣬵ĿǰСջܻҪʱ䣬Żпܡ
˵ӽóԼܽһ£תʸʵۡ
ʵӽĻ¶ʧ֮ɫԺôȲܣ͢Ҫȶɹǰ⼸ꡣ
ٿ֮תӣԼӽʦļܺã޻ϰȥЩǶõġ
ڿ֮Ҳ˵ǰũƹ㣬ˮʩ޽Ҫʱ䣬ԳЧ
˵֮󣬻ѩϼ˪ѵڵ˵ˮʩ޽ҪǮҲǸ⡣
ʵеͷۣεصҪǹ⼸꣬ũ˴ջ񣬸޽ˣʼ⽨ܼһЩڵѹˮʩũҲиŵʱʳ󻺽⣬Ѿڵˣ
һìܶµʳ⣬ڼڳʵ˵֮󣬶û˵Ļһ°


796 ж
һᣬӽȿˣʵ£Ψдʳˡ
ʵǰһΪ֮һ񣬵תȥ޼ǵʦ飬в˾Ÿճǰڿ϶в飬ôЧ
Ͽӽĺ󱳣Ȼһʵ۽£˹һˣǰϷʳ⡣ɣ˵еıҪԡ
һϣгʵʵ˵
ӽҲȤô˵
óʵϾ˵ˣһǹ˹ΪϤв˾ƶҲǹģ義ʦоһ㣬ɹȥתһȦ˵ջ񡣡
ڶӺҴԱУȻϤǸˣȡʵĲԣǹĪ
ڱˣҲ廰ϱߺϲ̫ƽġŰۺ漰в˾ܶЭһλ߼ĳ͢ԱǰȥͳЭ˲ܾٶȴӶǻȡʳ
ʵͷӽԼ˵һɵʦнֺˣô飬ͳ֣Ҳġ
ӽɵÿЦˣһ䣬һ䣬˵ԼǷȥˡ
ԼûʲôһΪںǹڹ㶫ܻȥĩĹ㶫ҲǺõġ
ڵĹؼӦֻˣ֮ǰʱæڶ²ս£ûúΪ˽²ж˾Ӫᶽһְʱˡû뵽ƣԼֵóˡ
ôӽֵ壬㻳еţΪʳء
ֻӽʵ£Ըǰ㶫һˣＯʳ
ʵһЦŵʦһˣΪĵġ
ͣһ£ֲ˵ȥҪĻԼҪ̫ۣҪעⰲȫҪաҪף˵ʳҪٱǧ
ʵѾֹһεر˼һ˵ʱӽǸеһּˣʵ£
һߵıϼʵ˿ӽڲͬʱҲһ˿ʡ
һλԹʣȴȻΪ֪ӽѡҲ϶ѡӽ޼֮
ϵĳʵۺȻ˵ʦȥϱߣܼʱϻáҲõģ޻ҽȥ㸮ﱸš
ӽһԼûͳʵӦе¡漴Ȼˣʵ֪
ڳʵ۱̬ȻԸ⣬лˡ
ʺͱ֪ӷˣ׷׹ϲӽ
һСҲǻԾһաĸֿʼӽеľ飬һֱ˺þò
ӽӹ֮󣬾ȥһ˱̾֡
̾ӡ̫෶ӽǰüӭ˳ӽһ͹ЦضԷᣬҲġ
һӽŵһظػصۼˣ
Ȼӽ֣ЦݵصۼûǺǹҹȥϲˡ
Ǻǣͷ㣬ʲôʱͳԷ¡ӽһߵ٩һڷ£ȥ
û⣬ָһطۼҲɤӣһһظ֤
ӽһۣȻֱˣֻһ»ǾóԷ̫鷳ְɣ
׼˹˵ȥĸطԷȾƣûӽȴôһ仰֮£㱻ԼĽŰ
˰ٴЦˡǻһЩϵľٶУѾеˣ񷶿ôķӦ
һ˵˱ֵ̾Ļʹֱ֮ӽͶԷֱԵ²֣̾мҪ˵˵
˵һæ
ӽҲֱ˵һǹоиĽǹеĽȣи
ģۼҲΪ²û˾ͻɵġһæ֤
ӽ¶һЦͷͺãڶǹеӴܣҪװ߾ҪѾӪеľǹ»
̾Ѿȫݷǹ͢װ߾Ļ԰ѾӪǹ߾װҲ֪͢߾飬˸
˭֪ӽȴҡҡͷӪľǹӦû⼸ڻװ߾߱Ҫʱ򣬾ӴܲУΪݷǹܴ󡣡
һüͷԼãҪ


797 ĵĻ
ϾͰüͷɿˣԼֻһ̾ӡ̫࣬ܺԼһĶֵؾͳˣʲôҴ¡
˹˸˵ȻǺͻ۹ġԼ˼ҲĿŵ
뵽תͷ˹Ļô۸棬ĹҲùϡ
ˣϾʹӦģۼ֪ˡҪʱ򣬶Ȼϣٴȫ
ӽ˵ͷȻִӷ⻰еõʾʲôֽˣ߲ܵķ˵Ĺ֮⣬ҲԿĽ;
һʱûףɻʵָ
ǹֹܲ죬ǹܡԹ̶ڼӣҲǻϣˮȵꡣ㿴Ű죬ŷĽǹе߲
ӽԼ뵽ĸһԵصھĲ÷Լȥʵˣġ
˼úúãۼϻᰲܹɽԿ
ӽˣҲͲˡվæİɣ湫ʡˮˡ
漴Цӽȥ
ӽĵظлǲ㣬˵ͳԷ֣ÿ꣬ÿ¶ʱӽТ
ΪÿһӽҪͬʱҲµĴ⣬ΪһݴĹ
ӽӱֳ֮̾Ȼɫ磬ȴֱӻظˡ
֮Թ˰ٴ˵ϹҲҪյʱ䡣⼸ڸȥŴ˴ȥϷҲҪܳһʱ䡣мСģҲ⼸ʱؼҺú˰ɡ
ӽչǣѾйü˹˰ٴҲлһͰ˼ֵĶŻؼҡ
µЩۣһΪ룬һе㲻Ǽ˰ٴǺİõӣҲûС
ӽ˵ڸȴҲûšòڸѵлᡣ˽һ¸Ĳɹܼ˻㱨
ӽҲûðһЩƲˣӦԪǱҲЩǮ
ǴԼҵĽǶȳǴԼֲɷǮʽӽɵġ
˼ĲЦŶں壬ĹãҲҪֹ̫࣬ͣˡҪҲðͷʷдһʣ˵Ĵʲô֮ģͲˡ
ںȻһѣҲǳ֮ˣҲӽŵ˵Цˡӽ˼ͷӦˡ
˵һºںǳӽ׼תȥš档
ת֮ʣ洫һѹɤӵүСи¡
ӽһɵ£ġһƽʱɤŲǺܴôôѹ
ɡӽ˵
һƿһӰ˽Ȼģڽ֮š
ȻȷʵӦţӽô;͵͵ظо
ģɻˣӽλϺ󣬶ʵ
һ˸ûûû
΢һϾֽ͵ֻи飬ү׼
ӽֶ֪ţһŶֵ̿ӣ̲סЦŵģƨţл˵
ûϻش𣬴ھһСصү롭ȡϱ
ŶǺ°ӣ͵͵أһΪأӽһЦŵ
˵֮Ŵе档ıԼս֮󣬺ǻԼߣǴڸ
ͷû磬Ҳûе绰Ļֻʶֶѣд֣Ҳ̸ϽѡȻһҪȡϱ
˵ɣǲǽʱڴϿļҹˣһ飿ӽϹµ
һһ£漴ҡֵǣǣҡȢ˼
˼Ŷ˼ӽзӦȷϵ
˼ǸѾͷ״Ԫ¥ԷʱԭĶоһ
˼Ӧѧʵ飬ϵĵ¡ڸҲأһ
ӽе㾪ȣЦʵ˼ͬôҪ˼Ҳͬ⣬ҿɲǿ޸ġ
Ļ䣬ľæصͷСһ㣬һ߻شͬ⣬ͬ⡣
ӽӣеصŶɶʱ򹴴ϵģ
һÿǹ£ʵү
ӽ˾͸ˣԼûýôǶأ


798 
ļӽɻı飬æ͵үǵǰһι꣬һʱҶһô
ĿһЦӽԴ˵ӡ󡣲֣ĵ⣿
ǵģʱ۵ġǰ飬û뵽ø΢еش
ӽӣӦȷ¡Ů⣬Ȼֹˡ
ãһ˼Ҫͬ޸㣬Ҿ׼ˡӽЦŵ
һʱ⣬л
鲻ϣȻŮ⡣ӽͰºӦ˵ˣ¡
ĸԼôãϹսͬȢԼŮӣһϲ£ӽҲܸˡ
ҲˣӽϷ֮УڳˡѡգӦ顣ȻȥһżҿڣǺκȥ
ӽŶ죬͵ȵеһҪ
ү˵үֶĸסںӽ
ӽԺͶˣں棬΢еôô죬ɡ
һɹ̫ӦһеʵϹոֶˣ
ںûߣӦʣҲؿԼү
ǰɶ·յġӽһ߱ӣһ߻ش
ںõȷϣȥſӭˡӽսӦĶ䣬ֶںҲˣΪƽǸӢۡ
ӦеЦذӽһۣԼϹˡΣҪԼͳͳԼҲӡ
ٴϹͣѾ߽ӹӣתغԺȥˡ
ӽڴ£һ˽ĩϲ
˵ֻ֣֥첽߽ãֵĩݼ˵ҪһˣŴСҲҪһ
ɣֲˣ˶񡣡ӽϲֱ˵
֣֥һ㲻ټ֣ҪľǺ˹׽
λĩ֣֥˴ĩһ¡֣֥֮˽ܵ
ԭֻ֣֥ʦΪ⣬֣֥ûС
֣֥ûлõǨ֣֥űֳ
ԭ֣֥ԼҲ£֣֥ȴԼܹܵ˹졣ܺ˹һ£ΪЧǰ;Ȼ
֣֥ү֣֥Լǰ
ӽһ£û֣֥֡Σ֣ɹĶ壬ҲԼˡ
ʵ֣֥ҲһԱͽֻںƴбɱû̫¼ӽûס
֣֥ȵܼ֮ܵ󣬱˵ɹ塢͵ܵܶһЩ
һߵ֣֥˵æеĶϡ
֣ɹôһǻ֪£׼ôණ϶֣֥ԼֱͣӼٽ˶ӵѡ
ӽ֣֥Ķûһ㲻˼ȫ¡
Ѿ˲֮ӽʵɹΣ
ѯʣֱ֣֥ӣ΢ЦŻشͦõģͰˮʦѧû졣ϲϲڣʶ
ӽͷܳΪˣ˵ҪһĻ䱾츳϶
ҲϧԼĿˮ˼Ҹ׵棬ӣֵ֣֥ܵ϶Ц˻
֮ӽеʵôô죿
ĩӵʥּ֮󣬲ҵ飬ٶȸʦ֣֥ػش
ʥּ˵һ¡͹һԭԼҵΧڰ͹ĹϵʾԼı£νһá
ҲˣŵһʱʹҴҶⲻ֪ôһӽͲòˡ
ӽȴҲ˾Ͷ֣֥΢͸¶˴еĿġ
Ͼϲغ֣ҵΧ˵ȥ걻Ϻݺݵؿһѣ̻еģϵҲڡ
³֣°빦֮Ч
Ȼ֣֥ӽ֮ʾģĩȻϴһͿأںлвֵܡĩԶҲȽϤڣӦûвٰ
ӽһлϲô㣬Ǵо൱¹㶫ȥ۹һˡ
ǣһڴճ˾ʦװǰ㶫Ϊӽĸԣ治Ըղͷһ·ҡȥ
ʵ۸ȨзѲϷʡҪ
ҪǸصطԱ֪ղ·ϽͽᡣɲӽԸ⿴ģ֬࣬Լľʱ䡣


799 ̾
ӽһǴӾ˺һ·£½··ҪöˣһҹҲ̫ۡ
Ǿ֮ʱʱ֡ΣʱѾˣСʱڣݵǺȵġ
ӽһ˲ûͣҲ˼װ濴羰
һδؾݣȻҪַܶࡣ
˺ͣബֻ˻ߵģҲпʹ¿͵ġϵСЩĴֻΪĿ꣬ǵС⡣ߺʱԵַǷ
ӽɷپепصûб֣ϰܹЩӣ
֣֥ӽߣϴǰƽ֮ңҲһݡĸ̾ҲŸ͵ɶǹĹͣҪָﱻĸˡ
ӽһЦûݻᱻĻ˺ʷݱҵ¼
²ǣôݳǼûжٻˡЦ˸²ϴأ˸£˵ڿӳηԺ߳һӣκͿӾ֪
ҲĹͣЩ˶Ը˵Ľӣǻ鷳١ӽ֣֥˵
֣֥һǫ飬˵ʲôǹӢ쵼ȷָ£Ż׾ٵػܺˡ
һԵӣûйԼͺ꣬ʼѹǣǸòȫû
֣֥ϵŹƨеܲˣߵ˴βȥ羰ȥˡ
ӽעӰתƵ֣֥ϣЦֹ˵Լ϶ƤˣȥƮƮȻط
Ҫ˵֪ˣ龰ǻ뵽ôƨˣȴһݺảϵĴۡ
ӽִݵʷ뵽֣֥Ĺޡ
ԭʷϣһ׬ǮΪĳ£Ͷ塣ΪȰɱӺĿԼҲΪĵ֮ȫһҽ֡
Ȼǲˣ²û塣һݺảϵĽҲ˴ȫûûʷ϶йǮľڱʷϣҲΪһЩףһ뱧ԼĴȡԼţ䳤ΪЧΣôʷϵĽֲˡ
վӽڳݵķ֣֥߶Ҳ̾ﲻȾʦһΪʦأ
Ϸܶ򶼲ȾʦģԺлᣬ߾֪ˡӽûпڳְֻĿת򰶱ߣһ߻Ӧ
ô˵Цſŷ羰ݣ̫
ȵ̫֮ͻ䣬ܲȻ˿籩ꡣ
ԭƽغһ±òӿֻŲ˸ߵ߱úܰ·ѵһ㡣
ȻǶûĳ⴬ǺҪ˼İȫ˰ٴʾӽѿ˱꣬·Ǻܰȫ½黹Ǿ쿿ҵطЪϢһߡ
ӽҲ֣ͷãȥŰɡ
˰ٴ˴𸴣ȥ˴ϴɫãҸط
е㵣̫˳Ҳһ鷳¡
˭֪ϴȴˬӦһѯ͹٣ǰ治Զ£ȥǱ߿ԽޣΣ
˰ٴɫüͷ΢е㵣ĵصôڵ죬ҵطô
ϴһЦŹ˰ٴת˸ָŵ͹뿴Ǵطŵƹ⣬רŸָֻ̫ʾģ˲õҲء
˰ٴתͷȥԶһɽϹȻ⡣ɵ޵˴ķ꣬ȴ˿Ӱǵƹ⣬ǲ
ǣɽɽͤӡϴˣ˺ַԣ̫ʱܻΪԺؽܵ
ãǾͿȥ˰ٴԸһ䣬ȥˡ
ӽһ£Ҳе档˴꣬һͤĵƹȴ˿Ӱ죬ҪһļС
Ҳû룬¾ôˡ
Լʱ֮󣬴ɽ˰ʱȻѾû˸տʼĴ꣬ȴûͣڳ߶¸û꣬ôͲһ㣬үҲǣ
ີϷԣڴĻӽҲǰҡҡͷҪϱƽʷϵĴҲʱˡ
ϴӽһˣһֱɽСɽںķɽҵ˷¡
Ϊһӭ͵֪ɮֱƶǱҪ߱ġˣǣŸͷȻǷ
ǣһСĽӴһСɳַɱ֡
ӽ£ù˰ٴЩǮ˼䣬Ϣˡ


800 ηʥ
ҹ࣬һֱ¸ͣɽеķֻм͵ƣҹ֮Եеİ
ĺУֵҹ֮⣬Ҳ˯ˡ£Ͷ͵żᷢһ֮⣬һԵúܼžΨϸôҶ֮
Ļ£һһֱԶԶؿſ᷽Դصȴš
ҲûȶãͼЩ͵ע£ӿˡ
Զ㣬˸䣬ʱæӭȥһʦ档
ȻֳֵĹҹɫ֮£Զ˵òȴ˵Լŵӡǣվסʵţ£
ʦӭ֮ʱЩ͡Ļû˵꣬ͱֹˡ
ߣΪʦȥ˵ԸһȻôСɳּǰС
·Ҳ˵ֻͷ·ã͵˷ҡ
ȥ濴ţ˹Ҫ档Сɳֵ͵֮󣬱Ը
ǣɡСɳֺʲӦһź󷴴š
һأŵӭɮһ´ܵǰ·ʲôƱһ㣬صضԷɵʦЩͷС
ԭأΪʲô顣ûһ֮£ֻ˵Щ͵顣еʧϵ⻹˵Ϊʦͷˡ
ǣͽ֪Ϊ˵ݡűɴϣû˵Ļæٴν͵
һ֪Լղе㼱ˣаһӷȻʵʲôݣ
ִսһ㣬ױʽضԷ˵ʦͽսӴ֮ʱһ˽ΪΪ
һе㲻ţæȷϵ
ŵͷ϶˵ͽ⣬ʦ֪ġôش飬򲻻ġȻָĿˣͽȴȷû
֪ͽı£ûٻɡٷ£һ°
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ֻǲ֪ʲôͲ֡
ſ͵Ƶ£üͷ顣е֪ͽĪʦʵҲǿԵģ֪ʦĪͽ
Ų³ʲôƾƽʱӴͣԴȽ˽⣬˵ʦͽܲ³λ
Ŷһ̧ͷšȻܺٶ꣬ҲʵһЩҪ³λ治ס
żڴӣк㣬ʦһĹҪ£뿪ۡȻλű£ȴʮˣͷƲСȻû̫еĶ
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ӽΪ˹һ£Ѿۡ¡ⷨȻ̫ߵɽУȴҲ˵£ӭɮ
ӽԽ֮Ҫڱ¼ʱƣҲѾɢϷرƽ֮ңýһİ֪
˷Ҳ֪ӽ¼һŲ³˹˷Ȼٷ¡Ȼ˼ֻΪҹɫ裬ʱ޵ġҲԵְ
ϿʼԽôУΪ̵ô
֮ǰڵȷɵʱйƽϡʱɵӣ͸Ͻʦͽһ߲䵽Ƿ˹Ϊҷ͡
һ϶ʵʲôƲߣ˵
űɵҶԴкáͰķһһ˵ֱ÷ͷŵļ˷ãΣֻҪܴҷµҷΪʦҲˡ
ţ˾ڷڣһԣһؿʼ˵顣
۽ӽȴ˿֪˵ɽϢøİͳ
ˣӽһ˯÷ǳһֱ˯˴
Ĺ˰ٴһ𴲣ϰϴͬʱӽ·˺þã˵£Ҫ
Ŷʲô£ӽһеʵ
˰ٴеɻ󣬲ȷص˵ˣ͹йء
£ߣȥһӽ˺󣬸ӺˣԸ


801 սʤ
ڷ¿ĴüĿķɣúǶׯһׯϵӡ
һӽǰüһ񿴵һľϲվʲӷƶɮ飬֪ʩǶսʤתҿ飬
ӽԭкûⷽôһϯǺˮ
ΧĻҲеȻؿŷɡ
ӽʹ˿ˮȻеصսʤ˵ת
ʱѾˡμǡҴСʢУ˺ܶ˶
ֻҡҡͷһׯصصС˵ҶԣսʤΪҷʮ֮һסʮһ硭
ˣˡĸ飬ô£ӽҵûʲôȤֱӴʵ
ٴκʲһȻ˵ʩƶɮǰȥ۱һ۱֪
ãʦ·ӽͦȤģӦ
ǣǰ·֣֥͹˰ٴлӽΧһڷɺ档
һ˺ܿ˴۱ʱµĺл϶ųһӶӣޱȵŷ𾭣ŹΡ
ӽһһеɮ˶ֹͣ˶תӽһ߻ʲ
ʩ뿴ָŴ۱Ϲľ޴һ˵
ӽ̧ͷȥֵļָţָͬһ˳ӽȥһȺΧڴ۱ϵСͷ
ֱָŵеһȫۡ
ɼӽעӵ˷Žķ񣬾͸ܵʩǶսʤ𡣷ԭ黨ƣȴֱƣͬʱָĶսʤȫ⡣
˵ʲӽһǸƶɮսʤˡ
ӽϡ棬߽˹ȥĶսʤ󿴿ҿûʱͿȥĽۡ
תָȻ˰ٴһֵԶ
˰ٴһ漴йһ£ЯԶݸӽ
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ӽԶϸع۲ָֻȻɣ˸ֽһ㡣
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ʦô֪⼣ָأӽԶݸ˰ٴȻʷɵ
Ȼ׼˻ֻʩһ˶ѡ
ӽһָ֣֥˰ٴ˵ҲпӦϰ
֣֥͹˰ٴһӽָǣ֮΢΢á
ӷ𣡡һţׯصصսʤת·ǽħʩҴĸ·˭ģ
ôһ˵ӽĻǶĿ⼯е˹ϡ
ھʦʱ˵·ϷУȻ顣˵ЩָôһǸǼŹ˵ϵתǰΪħġ
Ϊʲô֮ǰֶѡһֺ󣬱ֶΣշɹţ²ƽĵȵȡ
ӽȴǲţ˸ӷɵĻ⡣
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ӽ˯òֱʲôһ㣬䲻ţȴҲ淽ɰڲˡ
ʱͲˣȴʪġ
˷ɶΪӽһתƣֱʱ֡
ɿɫͶӽʩ߲Ʋǰɽɽ꼻̫ͤ羰Ǳ¡
ŶߣǾȥƺˡӽ˵
ǣһ˾ǰɽһ·ϣﻨ㣬оһԴһ㡣ĵطԾʦһȺˣо궼ܵϴһ㡣
ûöʱ䣬ɽ꼻ͤӽͤӣ£ɵϸϸ۲
ʵǸ˽̵ͤüΪϸۡƿڿգ˽ǶӦȻͨԿƿ棻ڱҲӦ˽ǵɰ˸֧Գضƿһյ˶͵ƣϵ֣ް
ӽȻ֮£ʷɵ͵ƾ̫ϿǵƱꣿ
΢ЦǣҲҷΪֻе£ն֮⡣
ӽٶϸǱƿΪʱзιƿȴ񲻶תӽȻһ£ⱦƿڵ͵ƳȼôӦģ
һӽ⣬Цŵɽ֮ףƶɮΪʩһ


802 ֱɻ
˵ָͤһ̵ͭʢͣʱӡľпյġǱƿ͵ĵͨľпֱϵʢ͵ͭͽˡ
⣬Ҳӽʣֽܵƿڵ͵ƣȼķ̣ͨ˲࿪С˳ųֲ©ˮ
ӽͷͤ䲻󣬵Ӧû˲˼һ˻ûô
ɼӽҲֿͣɽľһ߸µʱ޽˴ͤһ֮ģν֮
Ȼͤһָ࣬һʯʩ뿴Ϊ˸лǵĲʩ˹±֮
ӽ˹ȥʯֻʯϵһ־ע˾蹤֮һЩǮϵ
ʯϵϢе⣬ɵʦɽ֮߳ģ֮ô˼ǲ֮ĵ֮δذɣ
ӽ֮˵⻰Ϊоⷽ˵ô࣬ʵҲڰʾԼΪⷨЩס
ӽֲŷǮȥˣҵ⴦ͷ˷ɡ
һӽô²⣬ʵʩγԣ
ʦҲ˵ɽ֮ˣ˸ߵա֪ͨһյĽˣˮƽô֮֮ΪβҲˣֻ˹ѣӽָʯʷɵ
˭֪ⷽȴ΢ЦҡҡͷȻӽʩӣɽļո߳Զȴδ˼ȥ׬ȡ裬һĸЩ漼ɣľ벻ôһǮʩ¡
ӽй˵ʲô漼ɣΪɣ¹Ŵܶöѹû
ôһ˵׷ʷɵΪ漼ɣ
ӽ׼ʲôԱ㷴ⷽɣú˵˵
ɼȻѾµӽݣ̵ôȻ֪޲ԣ޲ֻشɽҲƣþ˼˺ܶɶĶΪľᳵ
ûףӽʵΪᳵ
ɾͿʼһ߱Ȼһ˵ʽлأϡϣֻŲȰתس࣬ɶɸùš
ӽԺȻ͵һⷽ˵ãͺֱɻơǣæ׷ʵܷ
ɼӽӣ͵ͷܷŲߣȴʮⶫʵǲҵ
ӽõɵȷϣǻ˵Ļ
ĩֱɻĶת˷ɹСӹں˵ǲ
ӽҲ˲úⷽߴߴᣬ˲ÿɶ羰׷ʵɽ˴ǰȥһ
һе㲻⣬ĿĶûﵽ˾Ҫˡ
ӽӷɵϿһ˼ԸߵĹ˰ٴپǮ
Ȼתӵʱ䲻࣬ʦ˴ǰȥɽ
һæʲʩˣʩҷ£ָʾԵƶɮգʩǮֻʩһīԱ㱰¼֮
ӽһԼǸë֣õó֡ΪʲôƫƫЩ˾ͺڣҪʲôī
ɿӽӣе㼱˵ʩ´δй飬յüսʤ١
ˣˣҸһǡӽⷽҪ߶ʹĻ
һҲ˲üƽӽеĲͷæͤСɳֵķı
Сɳһ÷ָʾϾóķı˹
ӽƣԤıҪԼɶī
̵ģĻҪīǲǣãӾ͸һīӽһţһ߾ͤĥīź
ӽĻе棬뿴ʲôī׷װעеͤ
˰ٴݸߣӽ󣬺֣֥һۿī
һ׼׵ֻ֮ӽץëʣˢˢˢֽдһͨȻһëʵˣȥɣ
˰ٴ֣֥û׹дɶ˶һۣ˶ԷеԻ
һ߿òסźӣһúúãȻǶսʤתµôīҰ
ӽҲ⻰⣬ִ߷ɵھͻǰȥɽɡ
ʩӡɸϽѵ


803 ·ƽһ
鷳ӽһһ߶ڳӡɡ
˵֮󣬱㲻ٹⷽɣ¶ȥ
ֵ֣֥ܺӽĻæϣȥǹ˰ٴڳӡ뵽ʲô
ˣûϾߡڵȷüЦúӡֽʱ˰ٴǰԸּ£ڲй©١
ô˵ǲµ˷ɵġǹӡ֮󣬻ᱻ֪ӽݡ
ǣǣƶɮסӦ
ʱаͽķӺã֤˹ݣõһī
ֻҪʱ󣬰Ѵ￪ȻеٵԺֻҪȨƲֹԱ¾ͻһֱϡ
ôһͨչհΪһͻ߸ɴǷµͽˡµķ٣ָտɴ
úղغӽī͸Ͻȥ׷һȥǵù죬ͽǷǡ
ȴû뵽ôһ飬һҲӽڽ֮عΪˡô󲿷ְնΪӽ·ħ
˵ͽӽΧûˣ̲סӽдʲô¿˰죬ǿס
ӽһһЦתͷȻѧŲ֪￴ĻԻ˵˵
ȻЦﳤȥֻĿɿڴԼĺס
ӽؾʦ󣬳ʵۺ棬顣
ӽ˵ǷúΪ֮оīдɶݡ
£Ӧ֪óë֣дһ˱ӵ֣һһͨǲȥдɶ
ʵһʱûϻʵ۵ǣĻڹЦ
ȻⶼǺˡ
˵ӽһڷùիӭɮԴ·һˣƺƵݳǶȥ
ɷµݵ·δˮ·ڴ֮죬·ɱȽŢһ˶Ҳжٶȡ
Һһ·ϣʣﻨ㣬˵оܺáӽԾһߴǰУһ߿;羰
ӭɮѾȷλڴٳϴϵ˹ǧټƵֺӽΪ͹˹ϵԺ׻ǽ֮λкôġ
ҲˣӽԷ羰Ȥ͸Ͻڵظӽ;ķ羰
ʩ뿴ǰɽɽܿԶݳǡΧһУ۵ף羰ǲָǰ治Զһɽ˵
ӽһ˵ߣȥ
·ϣɽ֮ȥġԶݳǣҲֻ˳ѡ
Сʱ͵ɽȻӭɮ˵Χ޸ɽҰһٵ£ȻֱͨԶݳǡ
·ŢԵʣٵûʲôˡ
ӽһ֮˰ٴҪԶٴ羰
ϣΧӽΧǣ첱ȥ·֦̲ݡ
ӽſţȻǷʲôջƹȥԶ¶һ
һᣬֻӽ̵ģ컯գǬ֮£Ȼ˴١
Χһɵðѿ羰˼ʼע
ӽ˰ٴͰԶݸָһûУ
ȹ˰ٴԶ֮ӽߣҲҪһͣ·ƽһ𰡣
壬򱧲ƽ£ںС˵ӰӾ糤˵ޱȵ
ӽȻΪд˻ᣬҲ൱˷ܡںһӾĸ֮󣬱㡰ݡһɽ³ȥ
˰ٴȻǴٵ࣬ǵӽİȫæۣӱޣӽһϹȥ
˰ٴˣڳһӽ࣬µصȥ
ĩβֵ֣֥֣֥ܣ׷ӭɮĺ档ڽú½ɱͲˡ
սɱ߲ǷɳۣɱȴֺϷ˵õ˰ٴļ۽ӣһ˳µص㡣ӽϵ֮ʱֳѾۿˡ
µصٵԶһСУӹٵǱ߿ΪСֵ赲ᷢ顣
һСֱϣƥȻԹԳŵϵ۲ݡ
ϵļϣϵƥӦЩ˵
ӽ߽֮ʱΧĻǿš¶֮עܡ
һ֣ӽ㿴ĸ׳ͷڵϣ䱳мֵۼš
һ࣬һһŮӵûȻ˴ǡ
ӽʱеĽ㶼ϡŮҲ̧ͷӽȻ¶˲˼ı顣


804 ¶
Ůȫ˳һֱſ
ӽû˶Լʹ˰ٴһô
˰ٴûشŮӽ˵Ѿȷɡ
ӱλӻѳȻ͹Ţĵϣӽлүľ
⻰һڣ˶˷Ӧ
˰ٴתŮӣ֪ôϳӽˡ
ĸٷ˺ŮߵԾ̧ͷȿŮӣȻֿӽ
ӽȥǺ棬ô⽭֮أôһ£ٵĿȻʶԼ
Ůϵ·մཬӺ½м˺Ƶĺۼͷɢңȴûڸסľɫ
ӽ̧ͷԼ¶ľϲӹɡԿ϶ʶԼ
ߵҲһ湫ӣʽӦλҹ֮ˡȴһɻ󣬿ߵŮֿӽ
ǺˣΪϵңӽϸһᣬûϳ˭ֻʵ
ŮȻǼ棬ļϲ֮Ѿƽ򶨵ػشԭھʦӭ¥Ϊԭҵ̷˾ȥ̷˾̻磬
Ůôһ˵ӽпܡ벻Ƿǰ
ӽϵһۣϸ˿ŮӣȻãʹյӽߵǵͷ֮ӭ¥ͷ¶֮·ǰȥʵϵôŮӡ
ôһ˵ӽˡԼ˵¼󣬻Ǹп
ǣæʵ¶
¶һϳˣϲصͷص
ӽõȷϣϵŢ
л¶Ӧһߵλվ
Ϲŵĸٷһ¶ﾹȻʲôʶŵûɢϿͷġ
ӽ룬Խٷļ۵Ǳ졣
Ǽ۵һڽٷ˵ıϣֱӰĸٷſڵϣһߺȵ졣
ٷŵñͣٲҶ໰
¶ӽתͷԼæܵ๫
ߵһæӽҾһߵѧð壬ֱٽ
ӽû˵ֻ֣òصͷ˼һ¡
Ȼе棬¶㲻ڽ̷˾ݻôôﱻˣ
¶һӽ˵ľ
ԭ¶Ϸݳ磬Ȼðٽһ飬ͺˡ
ðٽĴ¶ƾ٣ڻǰҹŵġҪ̷˾˵׵öࡣ
Ȼðٽ¶ؼңȡ֮Ϊޡ˭ָף¶¥ôܵٻҵң檣ҲԸ⡣
ðٽ֮£պͼѣ˸ϳ˼š
ðٽ¶һ׼ǰʦͶѷǡ¶ﻹһԸɶѾ⸴ؼҿ
˾Ͳ˵·Ţûһ·˭ϸճݳǲԶ˽ٷˣٳֵС֡
Щٷ˿ʼֻٲƣ¶ﳤþɫɫˡûʱӽ˺Ȼǡ
ӽ꣬ðٽͷѣ
ʶǡðٽһϲϱʾѧѡ
˵ۣȺ֡ţӦҲӽ뵽ʵкγ
ðٽһʱû˵Լоڹǰûпֵһı¡
¶￴ᣬæԼ๫ܵ๫ʫʸ踳ѣʱҲ֣Ĳɳڡ
ðٽڸԼ˵Χɵøмؿһۡ
ӽ˺¶ֿðٽȻ뷨˵¶ﵱ٣͢һֱǵõģƹ֮ǿɺã
Ը¶ðٽ࿴һۣȻ˵
ǣӽ뷨˵¶ȥʦ֯֯רΪصֺＯƿðٽΪԼ༭֯ڡ׫ǿΣ
¶ðٽ࿴ȻһӽʩԸӹİš
û뵽ø˹Թţıȥ
Ǹû뵽Ϊӽĺ˵Ѿ˸ı䣬ԭʷϵĽ֡


805 
ӽ¶ðٽЦŰڰֵҲлңܹҪкñ¶һƾ٣ðƴ¶ܲ
˵֮һ£Ͳͷд֧ǵ顣ڰʱʲô鷳ҵعٸ
¶ðٽһǴϲ黹û֪ǡ̫ˣ
֮Ŭ£նá¶ʮֻǰĴʼˣðٽбֽʷϵһλԼ׫ˣһ˼סÿۺʮֻʷʱᵽˡ
ȻˣǺ󻰲ᡣ
ҲиӽתԹ˰ٴд£˻ȥʦͨתʻϡ
ǣ˰ٴӦһ
ӽԸ֮󣬿һſĽٷˣȥݳǹٸȻڹ컯֮·٣ش֮
ֹ컯֮µ·٣ӰܴʷǳӡشԾʾСԺնҳˡ
ģ֪˰ٴٴδӦһ
ʱһٷ˺ȻһУҲǽٷˣҲǽٷˣ
ķһŲϣ˵һҽС
ӽѾ壬ҲԩˣͳǷۻ֣Ȼʵ٣˵ǽٷˣ
֪ᣬбĻᣬæˣֻǷðҹ֮ǵ̲ȥ˾ʦҲûǮ϶ʹðӻת⣬ٺŮӺá
û뵽·תٵıȻ¡ӽкȻһ仰ƶް°ǹĻ涾ôֶɢԧ졣
˲ٲƣɫиϵһ¹˵
ӽͷ˵ǳʲôĿģ£ʵȴ˽ٲƽɫ֮£ǾǴ˴ɣһҪ
˵֮תͷԸ˰ٴǵĿڹعٸ˵£Ҳǹң⡣
˰ٴǵͷӦһǣ
ӽͲͣݳǶȥ
۰ĸٷ˷ְˣøš¶ðٽԼڶ淵ݳǡǿҲҪ֤һ֮󣬲ܶǰʦ
ȵݳŴзݰѽٷ˽˵صĶۣ¶ðٽǰȥʦһ²ᡣ
ӭɮĴ·֮£ӽݳǶգǶһ㷱ĽֵԿóӦݳôõİۼĵط
طһһȺŭͣʹ˵ػԵø룬Ͼ˰յע⡣
еİջϳǴ·ɮǷµӭɮȺͱϹϾӣ͸ǳԾ
ûаոǰŻȥһӽ߹æܵһߡȹȥ֮ȴֺظϣ뿴ȺΪʲôط
ҪҪǣ˰ٴۼ˺֮ܶܰĵİգӽʾ
ûǣȥɡӽҲѾע⵽㣬ȴ˵
һ˼ǸɽֱɻôһáҲԳô˻ᣬǰϢȥƵܹɽ֮͢
ʩǰ·գڶʩľˡڵؽܵ
ӽͷû˵ǰС
ȸת·ڣǽֵӳ֮ʱȴ˵Ǽ˲Χۡ
ӽüͷһ壬ʲôɣ
ӿһٶȣΧȺȥ
ĻǼһȥŸͷȺΧ۵˵ÿÿ
Χ۵֣Ȼ洫ǺƵתͷһһܵر˿ȥó˽ͨ
ȥҪпֳԱ֤İȫ
ӽ˵ſڣȻڻĴӵ£ݵؽȥ
мûнȥվſڣվš
Χ۵Щ˺Ǻ棬֪ʲôˣǲľ鷳
ЩӽҲѵˣʱֵ˰ֶסˡǣӽһ˵ȣû˸Ҵ˵
ӽһ̺󣬱㿴̨ǱվһһŮԼʮҡߣվһʮСк
һվˣһº࣬нȥĻڱϡ
ʱЩ˶һͬȫ㵵ؿӽһˣ֪·ɣʲô


806 ִ
ӽ˵ڵʵô£
һߵķۻûشǸ۸һߵ¿Ϊ֮˷ȹͰ͵ʵ㡭ǡʲôˣǿǳϴ֣˵ˣǡǿɱ
֣֥һ˾Ȼҳвٳ˹ɵú˵ĵ
Լݺảһмǧ£һԿԶ˹ǰҲֻбȵķݶѡ
֣֥ΪӸλȴоСв裬ȻᲪȻŭ˺ʲô֣˹ˡ
˭֪ӽȴȻЦµô֣˺ô
ûеķŭǺشԼүжΪЩ˿ֻʲôųǴˣڳﻹǲΪΪ
ǣһɵĵͦͦأͷ΢һǣݳǣ˭˲֪ҳ֣ˣŵ˼ҼүҲùֵֽܡ
˰ٴ˼ĺо֮˵˵ҲվûֻǱ֤ȫɡ
µԸͷ˵үƣЩսţƺȴȫվǣжǣҲʼվֱӣԼȰʲôġ
ӽ֣˵ƣҲÿɷָֻһ¹̨ǲ࣬Ȼʵô
еˣɫͻűҲƽʱûӽƢͿʼˣʲô£òҪ£ҪȻͷԲ˶ߡҪ֪
֣֥վڿµһ࣬Խ˵Խ񻰣ʹһ󵨣
ͻһ޺ȣûзºĸ඼һǿ֣֥˺Ϊ׺ԼүҲûơ
ôһ˵ȥһʢʻһһ
֣֥һӽûжԼȳǸеתͷȵػ
һηؿһ֣֥ȻϽӽ̬Ⱥ˺ܶ࣬СĻشҼүҪľȥүҾߣȴһֱвȥ˵ȥ̫ʱ䡣һ˺öΣүŭˡ
˵תͷһȻתͷӽöˣӲȥΪҼү¡ҼүɣǿҼүƤǣǿҼүĳ͹ⲻȥˣҪȥꡣ
ӽҲֻ̬תͷ̨Ǹˡ
һæҡһ߽͵ǣġѾ͹Σȷʵæûʱȥ
һңϵĴţҲȷʵ㼸λȥæ⣿ӽеʵ
е죬΢Ĭһᣬٴν͵ǣϲŪһЩԼϲĶ׬Ǯ׬ǮģֻҪͳˡ
ӽע⵽ߵŮˣ˵ʱ¶һɸȴ޿κεӡ
óӦû˵ѡӽȻˡ
ϸһ룬ȴ֮СôִţʮͳʱƺֱɻƵķȻܣ
ǣӽתӶ˵Һǻûиɳʲô飬Ҳûҵꡣ߰ɣ
֣˷ˣһҪӽ΢Ϊ֣˵Ҫ󣬿϶ҵˡ
ӽһ仰ǻȥΪӽ˵ȽϺŻȥû¾ԥУηҪȥɡҼҴ˻ģء
ӽѾ龭ûĺˣֱӷԸǲߣͶǳȥ
֣֥һѾƵòͷˣʱһԼ߱۳ùȥֱץµ죬ڰգȥ
ŵĿɿڴȥǻʲô֣һȥ
Χ۵İڹȻͿ֣ҼҶʧӳ֣ҹ¾Ȼ񶪰èǰſһӣȻһ
Χ۵İæɢһȦǱ֣ˣиǺЩİʲôݡ
ʱΧ۰յȻһŵô˾£ΧŸϽɢˡ
İջͷһǸѲֵĲ죬æɢ˿ȥЩ˿ɵﲻã򱻵ӾͲù
֣̿ţ֪ǲϻȥүΪáʱͿ˶߹Ȼʶġ
һ£··𿴵˾ǣæܹȥкͷͷСǳ֣ҹ¡ҼүȾʱڱź¡


807 óԸ
ͷһϸһȻ֣˵Ĺ¡еʵʲôˣﻹ˸Ϊ֣ˣ
һϲ⣬ͷ˭ҵ
æ̷һָǣͷͷҼүл
еģΪһӣͷѪΪ˶飬ֻҪһسӣǮƶĸԸġ
ͷһ̷򿴹ȥԭǿ߾ۼˣ⣬ϵġ
֣˵Լĵ̱۸ȻҪΪ֣˳ġ
ɵǵſڣվһЩֵĽ´󺺣ʮ㡣ôΧۣȴ޶á
Σܵϲͷ˵ܱȵġͷȻϸһƣǼ˵еȻ崺
һ£ͷǳ˱ӵҲȥҳ鷳ǽ´ߣϽͷһŰѸտߵڵأغȳжԶԶ
ڵϷ˸ٿͷ֪ΪɶͻȻɷһ㣬ͷںЦ
´Զȥ֮ͷҲȥͳڨֻæȥЩΧ۰գðų¡
Χ۰տϷԵһĻиǺ档֪ηʥȻͷ˾¡
ʱǿˣǻԶԶؿؾۼϹ¡
ӽȻ֪⻹˱ȥ֮󣬱̨߽һ࣬Ͱض¶ֵһ˵ǲ£ֻ˵ϲЩϡŹֵ⣬ĻһʳǵظϲĶ
˵ɾֱ˾ɣû˵ؿӽ
ӽˣͽһ͵ҹҪ뿴㷢ᳵܷҶܱԺĶǮλС
͵ɫֲȻܴҵģҲǿԵġ
תͷڵˣȻתͷӽеСصλˣᳵֻܷһߣûʲôʵõġ
ӽ˵еǳ⣬ͬʱҲ˻ûʧ֮ģӽ֮󷴶ʧͱһŴӵģӽˡ
ӽһԿ϶ܷˣҲô˵¶΢Цţûϵɸҿ·ɲֻҪҼᳵ⣬ҴӦ㡣
еԥ͵͵½󡣵Ŵߴ٣һģͶӽȻˣ˸ߣȥ
ӽͷá
һȥȴԼֱַֻźͶץýء
ӽע⵽ˣЦֱӵ£ǹٸˣ͢³оԺ֪ôĶܴңұʦоԺ
˵֮˰ٴ΢΢ͷʾݡ
˰ٴ׹˼óԼƣһ¡
֪ƴǶЩô˵ôôǹٸ˿϶û
ǣ΢е㵣ĵûˣȡ֮һֶǰ;Ŀϲ˵оҲ֪йܽ棬ܵôǮеܵù١
ǰʱҲоԼϲ飬ͬʱ׬Ǯң߳ȥҲеλνһáԼЩʵʣûһͬûȥۡ
ڹٸԼһԼоĻᣬôϲ⡣
ŶӵǱ£ǶǹүŶˣȥڽҶүݱʡ
ӽðҡͷ͵ĲҶûУҪȥھǱ߽裬Ҳġ
ԸŶӺ󣬾һ˷ܵضӽλˣ롣
ӽ֪ҪܷļһôҲܷڵڡǣͷ͸ȥ
ԶԶΧ۵ذհľڵһȺ˳˵꣬ȥ
Ƕǰ棬֪ľʲôˣֻʲô¡ӣӦǺ¡
ôأʲôݣһЩΧ˵У׷ٴС
һᣬͼľĶӴӵг˵ڵ̶ȥͷҲǺܺ棬߽Ǽҵ꣬պÿľŲҶҪš
ǣæסľӵҵʲôˣ
ƬطͷľȻʶġǰǳãڼЩǾʦĹٸˣȻͷĹҪ
֪ͷܱȥʦоЩ˾ͿԡʶͷضͷǾʦרҵȥʦооԱģ


808 ˮ·
һжû⣬ӽȻǴ˵еֱɻ棬ýŲȣתܷһ߶ߡ
ӽЩһֱĥôܷɵøߣɵøԶϧչûȡöЧ
ӽ֪ʵǶ޷ߵԭ򣬵ûϵ˼·ͳɡ
ǣӽڿʵ֮󣬾͵棬Թ˰ٴȥ֪ͨݸ֪Ҫ⡢ĵľȥʦҪݳǵİն֪ľո߳ѡʦоˡ
˰ٴ׹˼Ҫ´ýϵİвҪٳֱû˲šֻҪһ֮ȥصоԣ˵ͻᱻѡо
ǣϾȥ졣˰ٴӦһȻתйһۣ˼۱Ӷȥ
ԼεڽسΪʵһҪݳǵٰ֪飬Լһ²֪˵ʲôãһ㣬ǰλ˿϶֪Ҫ
ʵҲǲıԼҵĴһ˵ޡѾͶ˰֮У͹˲ҡ
ڰúͼҼˣܵõ˵ءһʱϲӽͷ
ӽЦŷ˼䣬㷵ĵ֮С
ӽյĵûãݸ֪ͼææظˡ
һ̣΢µΪ׵ǺȲһˣǰ򵹰ݵ¹ݸ֪ݼղˡ
һĿɿڴԹ£ӽЦ˵ɣ飬ʱҪȥǵҪزٰľ飬ýϰն˵£û˲š
¹ס֪ػش
ӽЩ֮߾ûʲôˡƵ֪Ľӷϴ磬뿪ݳǡ
йصѾöķרȥʦųʵۼ˻Ϊϲ
ӽǼƻڶоڳһо飬ľͷԶˣоԼԭֱֹɻзͧȵһзɵĶҪо
һҪʵоĹУԼۣоķҲҪⷽıƸΪ齨վӣüʵĻǰʹһյ
ӽ뿪֮󣬻ǰԭƻﾩ˺ӵ϶˺ݸȻٴ½·ǰݵв˾
֮ôΪʱޣÿв˾ȥѲһ顣
ӽļƻǣֱȥǣͬʱҲĹв˾ֻҪߵв˾ˣֻôв˾ǵʳӶһʾãв˾ѧв˾ģʽչ
ӽû뵽ǣݸ𻪸ĹٵȻѾ޺ˮ·Ӫˡ
⽭Ȼˮ·ϵĳĿ֮࣬ӽһ·ɲ
ÿһζžǮӣյ·Ǯ١
ӽ⣬һеͳɵ֮·ϸ·һ߿ˮ·
ˮ·طֿƥ˸֮䲢޶ٸšӽһ˵ٶȺܿ죬𻪸ȥ
·ķæˮ·߳˲·̯ÿΪ׬ȡһá
һ·һ㲻õǣ̫ȽɹӽȻʱҲϰӡڱϾǴڸһ·֮󣬿·һĲ̣ͷԸȥЪϢһٸ·
ҲʵǴʮһ̣ȻҲռһҵλáΪбÿͣһ¾ͰѲ̵λòˡ
ԭЩÿͿһȺͷĽʿ֪ǲáԭŵÿͳмվͳ·֮⣬Զóһյأøӽǡ
ӽ˹پ;Ҫϰձ־룬ˣʲôˡЩÿԶóطͺرȭһлλ
֣֥˵ĸԣֻ˱ǡԼЩλãǿǡûȴ˶ԴЩƽͷգֵܺǳԾ
˰ٴΪӽΪ⡣
ǲϰӽòбĲ١ǰдЦŸӽܵ͹٣Ҫʲô裿С⻹оˮݵϣˬɿڣֳǽĺöȻǮ˵㡭
ûϰ߶꣬ӽϿԳԣϲ⣬ԸϰɣһЩ
ǴͻϰϽӦһæкȥˡ
һᣬӽһ˶ȿڵĽУڿˬɿڵϡ
ӽһ߳һ߿ķ羰̲Զһ£ҲһС̯һ򸾲ʱߺţк·˹ȥȱˮ
һСڱϰæӦǸӵһڰ̯׬á֮ҶЦæµţܰ
ûһᣬӽȴԶһˣڵֱС̶ȥ


809 ѧĳͻ
ϰպùſڴ̧ͷһҲڶеһˡԵҡҡͷԼͷĻˡ
ӽʲϰϰ壬ô£
ϰתͷʱӽǻһͷ
ʻϰ嵱Ȼڵػشˣ˵ѧֵã
ӽһôѧйϵˣæʵѧ˵ǳ͢ѿѧ
ǰҪĸѧϰͷ϶
ӽüͷǻڵһֿۣǿ£ǶԷѾ˳Ƕȥ
ղŻЦдˣһ¾ͱеκͻ֣̿ںǵĹ˿С˵ʲô
ӽûתͷϰ壬ֻעʵ߶߶ô£
ϰ忴ȺˣȻͻشӽǸд󲿷ִ⣬ԭǿ˽ӣѸӵܶ顣
սܵֱӽˣǺ°
λ͹٣ϲװ׵ڱġ￪˽ӣѸӵܶ飬д۵ġϰλ͹ٲף͵
ӽû˵ֻǵͷŲϰ½
һҪ˽ӣ峤ĹϵҪá˵峤ùϵܵ
ӽšһ⡣
ڶ˽ӣҪɾͣҪΪ¡˵㿼ͯţǾˣҲҪΪ£Ҫ峤ġ
ӽֳһʣ塣ʶڶʮͰʮ˵ѾȽİǰӰ޴ڣŵطޱǿ
ӽתͷһ۲ϰʵȻأ
ϰָǰǸӵ峤Ϊ̰һЩ֧ΪԼ˽ӣֺ
ڲͬˣٸѧҲѵġһЩˣǰǶԷ򸾣ܲ峤ֺ̰峤Ѻȥѧ顣
ôһ峤Ѱ¡˲ȥѧ飬Ҫ˭ÿ
ӽϰ˵ʱȻǻڵѳ嵽ǿ£ӵġ
Щ˿˵֮ǰǶԷȰ˵뿪ˣѱ꼰ء
ǸҵںǻۣŶӶں档
ӽתͷԹ˰ٴ˵ȥǴ
˰ٴ֮ǰ飬漰ѧ֪϶¡
ӽһ˵ĸȥ
ϰλ·ĺҪ£̲סѵλ͹٣Ǵӵ˲Ǻദġر峤͵ʷǰ˰֮ϵš׻˵ǿѹͷߣһ²һ¡
һССĵʷЩͨ˵͸һӽ֪ô˵ҲǺԼתͷЦŶ˵ϰģûµġ
ϰӽȰ̾˿ȥæԼˡ
ЩȲˣվˡȴ˷֮ɫȻҪΧ򱧲ƽ֮¡
µǻ˿߹ȥˣ¡һ˵ӭȥָΪ׵飬û²ҪϹκϡ
һ޶ãǰС
һָ׼Ҫ£ͱǲа˸ˣ˾ǹµĴۣǡ
û˵꣬ͱһۿһߵϣҽȥ
߸Ҷеģȥֹ
ʱҽУֹͣеĶһתͷȥ
һ֮£⻹˵ã峤ӱˡ߸ϷлƣΧ
գۼ䣬ַ֣ӾͰ̵ڵء
ɨһֳһһ۵ǼˣȻ˵Ҽү룬ȫҹȥ
ղŻŵİ˸һ¾ͱŵˣվڻǵļ£ò߹
߽һˣͰصҲȥɣһүʻһ˵һж˵Ǻôġ
ֻҪɵӣܿЩİˣƫǵġһ˸мӦȻ̶ȥ
û߼ȻиѾӾϵȥһ߻峤ģȥ峤͵ʷҪǺÿ
˵Ļ׷ȴֹˡҪȥʷҪˡ
һǰһ۶ȵ¡
ֱ߽ӽүһˣ˵ȥʷ
ӽûһһֱעǸϰĻ;ˣ԰֮ǰǸʷǴȥˣ
ȻսӽǹſڴȰ͹٣ĪȥɣϵʷҪԿġ


810 
лϰĺ⡣ĺˣӽοһϰ壬ȻתͷǶԷ򸾵ǽʲôΪʲôǵĶ
ԷѾչˣּЩҶ˱ţΪ׵үͰɫغԼ˵ǸеľͻشĪȪҴϡҿˮΪԲ͹ҵβҰ̯
ƨЩζĶģǸ峤תͷĪȪ
׺ز죬ӽüͷһ¡˰ٴһһŬ졣һȥһϣֱ˸ſʽ
үû㻰ͱ죡
Щİ˵ǿ֮£峤Ǽ˳棬ˣһҲҴ³
ϰһΪӽһ˵ġǺûתأµʱξǱץôε³ˡ
ӽĺ̨ξĻЩӦúȨƣҲԼ̺Ȳ裬ôò
ˣϰԾݴ˶϶ӽһֻͨĹ·ˣǼмǮİնѡ
ǸĪȪĶӼȺ˱򣬺ǸˡֿӽǣͲ˵Ž͵Щζүүģġ
ӽʵǾЩôΣѾжϳЩĪȪġҪĶͲֱҵ
ڿСô𻰣лϲͳͷСѣڻѧô
ѧһҪŬ飬ҪǸѧ𣬸ҵʡǮСӽܺͰʹ˵
ĪȪ˶£§ǰһֻץסӵ֣һڽܵһ
˹ɵĺӣÿ˶ϲӽҲ⣬Цŵã־ܺ˵˵ѧô
С̧ͷûԣͿӽá
õ𸴣ӽеһ˶ɣǳϡˬɿڣܽġ
ӽһ֣֥תͷվϰһϡ
ȻֳĹ˰ٴڳգۣóλá
Сһϳԣˮˣ־Ҫ
ĪȪ򸾻е㲻˼߿ܻһ£˲ûϹ
ӽֻٴ˵ģǮţϻġһˣ͵ǶӸҽѧıˡ
ĪȪܵȥΪõʾ΢Ц΢΢ͷʾ⣬ŷģźһ߹
СˣĪȪ΢ԥһҲˣվ󲻸
ɣŮƽȡӽָһλ˵
ʱϰѾкõˣͮͮȿˡ
Сһ֮£Ͷ˵˰ɣһλ˵Щºˡ
Ŷӣ㡣֪ȻǳϣҪԼ֮󣬲ųϡ
ǣӽ˸㿿һˡ
ϰʱЦŶӽ͹٣С϶ˣһ
ӽͷһ˵ÿ԰ɣٲԾûˡ
Сȿʼһ飬ڵسĪȪһ۶ӣ͸мسӽЦЦȻٿһ۹ڲſڵЩˣҲץһȿس
ӽСйƤгһˣ̲סЦˡǵԼСʱ򣬵һγԵϵʱҲСһ㣬Ͽг˱һƤгԴġ
ĪȪϱһ㲻ˣֻоȰԼĶӣԡ
˺һᣬСĶӶԲˣʵڳԲ²ĨĨ죬ӽ壬֪ʲô飬ʰɣ
ӽЦСʵѧͬѧô
࣬ǺһЩˣǶȥˡ
ӽϵ֮ǰϰ˵ĻЩӦǿסѹմѧѧˡ
ͬѧﶼǮôӽʳ˵ڶ⡣
Сͷ֪λشˣֻʵ壬ʲôǮ
ĪȪһʹӻشѧһ㶼ͨ˼Һƶ˼ңЩǮĲмҾĺһѧΪѧûϢҪͻҪǰ
ӽһЦм͵ԺЩѧɳĺӣ½֮ʱȥڰɣ
ĪȪͷӵѧĿôϲôô
ϲ̫ˡģһŬѧġСһص
ӽһѧγ̳¯Լ۶ʵλûúõй
ôõĵӽʵ


811 ƴ
Скͷһµеֺøӣÿ̺ö֣һûдһֽ֣һˡ
ӽһˣõĻǷ֣ʻ࣬öֻǳơЩѧС˵ҪܶʻķֵȷʵǱȽѵġ
ԼǳˣкֵĻҲǾܳʱŽõķֶѡ㵽ڣƧķ֣д
ҳ֮дʻɵķ֣ͯѧ֮ʱҪ̫ࡣдٶȣͯ϶ϡ
СӽǸм޻˵壬ЩʵûϵһؼҺԼϿдôˣڶѧͰˡ
˵Сӽе㾪㵵ӣͦͦӣæǣҰٵģ
ӽüͷ΢壬Скƴôƴˣ
ƴ壬ʲôƴСкеԺӽ
ӽȻԼǱʶһֱΪƴġСô˵ʱڻûƴ
ʵƴѾˣѾм汾
ԪʱĹʦ˼͸ެƶƴַԪƷ֮ûʹã
һİ汾ʱڳü򵥵ͬкƴαǨ󣬺̨Ȼʹá
ͬʱĩ꣬Ҳĸƴɷʿʹĺơһ£дй1ƴֻ㡣
Щûоٷƹ㣬󲿷ֻʹйഫġСõһֵĸ͵ڶֵĸƴַ֣ܷ׼
ΪԽӽһʱȻ뵽ƹƴֻҪԼƴһĬдٽ˸ʵȥ޸޸ģʵ飬֮Чһƴʮƹˡ
ӽ뵽Сڶѧܴҹȥô
ðð壬̫ȣǶżˣҲسȥˡСǴӦȻż٣ѵ
ӽ˲һЦԭʱҲһ˵żˡһᣬʵ֪סô
Сҡҡͷе㲻˼ػشһûȥسǡ
ӽ˾תͷĪȪҲǲҡҡͷȻҲ֪ѧʦס
ӽʱʱ˰ٴӽүˡ
ӽһ˼ٳѧϣ洫ֵԶ
ĪȪһеɫ¶һ˿־ӣͰο¡
˵תӣ档
Լʮˣųͷߦ֮ڵشӵżٷ߶
ÿҲɵ漷˼ؿŵſڵһĻǷǳ֪˫ײֻΣ
˰ٴЩ˲֪أ˵Ͷһʹɫ
ߡ˸վгſڷš
ϰԭȥУʵʱ򽲼ûܼٶٳͻͼٶٳͻ
һ´󺺶˱ʱһ˲ǹٸˣֺú
Ǹ棬ϰ嶼ٹȥÿһڲ棬ǹٸˣһԼĲꡣ
峤ѿԼӹǲſڣǻ̵ס߼˵ſڣָͷ˵ӽҰӣıӵŰҵĶ첻Ǵ趼ϵ㣬ҾͲ⣡
ſڵ߸һ峤ξˣ׷ɧ̧ͷЩĽ´󺺣Ϊ֮ǰֻе㺦£һʱ֪ǸվǼǡ
˰ٴԲѷüͷһ塣ʲôʱ򶫳˱һһ˹ͳȵ졣
һǰ鵶֣ûȶԷ˷ӦѼܵ峤ĲϣȻͿʼž졣
е˱ǰͻȻֵһĻˣԷôˣЩ´󺺾Ȼʼ峤졣ⱲӼŵһˣ
ǵʷߵţԼ˻ȥ죬Լ˰֮峤ǲԼӣԼٷ
ŭϳϣ߼ȥ֮ʱע⵽˶ԷǴġ⵶ر𣬺
崺ֻгʹãϾޣܳûÿط˵ʷûҺ˵
ֱˣϸЩ´󺺺亹ͳˡ
Ҵ˺͵ʷļ׼ʷ˰磬ȳԷȻץȥôʱȴʷ飬Ǵ⡣


812 
ֻʷξѷϣΪʷǰ޸ģԼ¹ڣҲǰ˰֮峤ڱͣǰ͹ڵأһ߿ͷһߵ¹صʷߵˣ¹٣֮˳ײ˴ˣ¹
峤ԭҪЮŴ죬ȻǱѪҧţǵȵʷ
û뵽۽⿴һĻһ¾ϣҶԷǵʷҪ¹ĹԱŵûɢ
Ҫ֪õʷǰĴˣٻϵĹԱʸġ
ϰһ˿ԼԤϵһõĽ֡
Ҳе֣ȻǸӦǸ٣ɶԼЩնܺͰټ
ӽȻƾ꣬һ£ǰҲѲ١ȴɱ޹֮ˣڼǸ峤ѾƵѪͻ֣Ƿ۷峤
۵ѵ峤Ĳÿصʣת߻Լλá
峤һڵءѪ࣬һǰһסд
ƽʱ߸ϵ峤Ȼ˸³
ӽǵʷ֣֪̿ǲ³˶ݡ
ӽҲ˵ƣֻǶǵʷЩͽˮ·ףһҵĲˮӣñײˡ
˵תͷָºԼһĪȪһˣõʷ¿Ȼ˵ȻǱصʷͰɴðɣϣԺҪܺصΰҪٳֹ컯֮ƻ顣
ʷĪȪһۣϵҴˣ֪˴ͷ峤Ӳȥѧˡ
㲻ĪȪλ˵ʲôϵҲ㣬æŻشǣǣǣ¹һܺñصΰ
ӽһ峤Ȼ˵еǿ˲ȥѧҪϲ¡ѧǳ͢Ķ䣬ǻϵĺƵԼϾˣҪ˭ǿȱ˲ȥѧģʹ
¹ף¹һϲ顣ʷ̧ͷֻӦ
ӽ˵УѾжϳ˵ݿܱԼĻҪ
ɣһ¡ӽϵ˵
ʷһٴοͷлȻվؾصվš
治ԶΧŵĴУһЩˣʱѾˡ׷еǻ
ôһִ˸Ͻеߣһ±ø
ӽһۣҲûЩͷˣѾ㹻ˣûҪЩײİռƽϡ
ŵʷʵ֪ѧסô
¹֪ʷͷػش
ãҹȥҪӽ˵꣬վ
ĪȪһһҲæվ֪ӽǱȵʷĹ֮󣬱н˺öࡣ
ӽתһˣȻڳøʮ
ڳӦһӻȡ˼ʮݸĪȪ
񲻸աĪȪǻеӽǮһʮ֮ࡣ
ӽЦЦСһȻ˵е㱾ǮȥС⣬úùѧɣ־С˵ԺгϢһ
ӽôһ˵ΪԼӣĪȪ˹ȥ
ȻŶӣһڵأһӽͷһ˵л˴֪λˣؼλ
ӽСЦЦûĪȪŶȥ
ʷǺλ˵ɣûӽش΢еʧ
۹ϵļˣȻԼºǶѺȥôΡȻԼϽȥӽǰźȥˡ
һ·ȥʷӽͷϣСظӽ͵ˣ¹ֻΪ˰Ѳΰ⣬ź峤һġˣҲ֪طϻҪЩά֡
ӽһڣ˵ʷ˵֪ʷôͣƲԼ峤ĹϵԼ׷Ļǣ
ӽͷŵʷطϵҪֱĺûſԡطҪֶӵǰܻ֪͢ô
ǣǣǣ¹һע⡣ʷӽû׷˼һӦӽ
Ϊʷôһ˵ӽ顣
ũ壬ĹٸίеطġطǱ峤֮ǲűĴС񣬴ĳ˵ʵһ
Ҫôĸ߶ִȥũ峤ξðȻҪ߽ʵ۵ȨƲС
ӽ֪߽ƻʵ۵ĸ̫ˡ


813 
Ϊֹ壬ǳ֮УҲΪλڵʱ󲿷˵Ĺ֮Уûйĸ塣
һ㣬µ˺ǿڹҹĳЩطǴڵġ
ҪǿʢȻҪıСȺܻĸӸϸ
̫ˣӽһ·һֱüͷû˵
ʱ֣ӽȥѧڡҲûгȥ׷ѣӽ˽⵽˺ܶ
ӽһѧסѾõϢϹæǰμ˼ٱأ¹ҡⱸ˱ƣ˽ӷϴ
һӽ飬окܶҪԳûȤֱӶ˵Ҫд£סسˡʲôر飬Ҫҡ
΢һ㶣ϾҾ¹
ļȵʷ͸߶ˣڵӽʱѾɶ۸ƣ֪ݣϹ¡
ӽݣ֪Ҳʡô෬ۻŵĹԱȻǳ֮ߡ
ҼȻԷҲֵò֪
ӽŵסùͣͿʼʵд¡ΪкܳһʱܻȥۣܵӽͰдúϸ
УҪ˵¼顣
һšڰ塢۱ѧаֵܴôƹ㡣ΪѧĶΪͥƶò۱ʡӽӴ۱ʵоܵؽͳɱʹøõ۱ʡ
ǹƴ飬ûһ׼õʶַѧĽѧȻں̶ܴѧΪˣӽʵƼԼѧĺƴ
мŵĺƴʹùУӽо˼ô⺺ƴ̶ܴܺϼѧʦϺֵѶȡ
ӽ׺ƴɳд֮ٱдһֵ䣬ƴβֻ֡Ҫѧһֵ֣Լѧ֡
йطֵ⡣ѾαǨһƾǺֱԽԽ򵥡ӽΪڵķֻ򵥣ֵıʻ̫࣬д鷳ַʱ䡣
ΪˣӽǰƹĴ׻˵ֺ˵һҲ֮乵ͨһֹֻ֣ͨĹͨ
ΣֵһҪ;ǱдҪ˼ΪˣԼˣ׼Ļõ֡
ӽ鳯֯͢ѧԺٽһμ򻯡Ҫճõֽм򻯣߰յдЧʡ
ģ⡣ӽǼԵ˵½飬Ȼʵ۷ܸ຦
ʵ˵Ҫ߹ٸũӰͿͱҪ̶ȵļӰ
Ϊˣӽ˼飺һðѹٸ͵һ죬ٸٵһ
ʩڶʱûĻѡһЩƾٵٸ¡Ҫڣ뻻ˡ
ǹٸѡȷƾٵڴİս޼ͶƱѡٳԸǸٸ¡
̶ȵļЩٸµڴΪ¡
Ҳһ̶ϱ֤طٸЩǱΪ飬һ
ӽԭǲдһģֻѡһѣǹԱһٺ»ûеߡ˵ʵѡѣ漰ԱӦòᴥʵۺͳд󳼵񾭣ˣӽͰ׳ˡ
⣬ӽ󻹽飬Ӹ߽
иʵ۷֮ôǿΪ̫ϡձܱȽϺõȥ
һ죬տԲ壬ԼԼӡôͲаջϲȥ峤ƨ±峤ܡ
һ㣬ӽ鳯͢һ̶ϣôһİҲܴдϢӶС֮ģǶܴӸ߽塣
ȻҴܿС֮İգͷԵİգİȻࡣ
ûϵٰܶգٰա¶ûģֻҪȥ˾ͳɡ
ӽдддд룬һֱæҹд˴Խ֮һ¡
ڶһ磬ɹ˰ٴţר˵Ͼ
ӽûص飬¹ݡ
֮һ·ϣûзر飬һ˳ؽ˹㶫ڡû죬ݳǾͳǵǰ


814 ˮ
Ѿ˹ݳǣδ֣֥ԶĹݳǣȻӽʾ
ӽһЦָָϵ·ǱװȻǲ뱩¶ݡȻĿĵأһǴ΢˽¡ڹв˾Σ˵еﴫͥΣ
ӽȻ˵ﴫͥʹձ飬Ҳңǡһֱûкﴫͥ潻޷ﴫͥΡ
֣֥ӽĻﴫͥ˲𣬲ɵĬġ
ߣȥݳҸջס£ȥв˾䣬ӽԴһ˷ܵ˵
΢˽ãԻС˵веԼϣһ·о
ҪĿģ΢˽òܿһıĿͬ쵼ֻͻ飬֪±ߵΡ
ڹ˰ٴ˵ֻҪȫб֤ǾνôǸŹӹǡ
ӽûнݳǣڳһҴĿջס˽ȥ
ݲһǡųǣǿڣҵ١⣬ջĹģҲСĿ˺ܶ࣬ƹͻƱ𱱷Ҫܶ࣬ڷ̬ϣù˿ܶࡣ
һӽһ˽¿Ȳ֪Ǻ͡
ƹӭ˳дӽһˡ
ӽصϷ󣬸оһ־ñطϤУһж˺øС
ƹӭҪסޣȻƹ˵ӦǲӦϷʪˡ鷳ƹҽҽ⡣
ƹһæﺰСȥҽȻӽ͵͹ٷģλҽҽտڱ˵ϷˮĲó
ƹ˵֮һӽȥһֿοӽ͹ٷĺˣǹ߾б⣬ˮЩˣ֤͹ٵĻƲµġ
ӽͷЦŵˡ˵꣬Ȼһ¡
ǣͲٹЩ£лᴦ
ӽֱԼķ䣬Ѹղ뵽д£׼ȥʦ
ԭղŵƹѣȻӶڱҪϷ£ϵĻˮǾĵˡ
ŴΪͨ⣬һ㶼ôԶС˵ӱ߾ڵļʡݣܵϱߵĺ⼸ʡݡ
ǱӴӸȻһµʪȵĻҪûзսԱǲܵ顣㲻ַսԱļԱ
սĿ꣬ϷҲҪһ飬Ƕǵ
ǽֺսԣػϷҪһ֧ϱפ߲С
ˣõĶԲ߱ϱҲоӵ࣬Ҫһ֧㹻¾
²ǺܼȴҪȥӽаԼ뵽ϸķʵ۸ݳ͢ʵоߡ
æѵ緹ʱ䡣
ʱĻѾǺҽһչˡӽȥ˿ջò͡
ʮˣңһռ˴ڵһǡ
ӽһòͣһЩԡϣܴЩÿϣ˽⵽һЩõĶ
˵زôһÿͺ磬һ֮󣬱һòͣһ߳һ졣
ҲǺʱϢõǡϣ챣ӣֻһҥԶѣеˡһ̾˿Ӧ
һϢϢѾǰ˾Ųʮȷˡû˼Է¿Ӷ߿㿴Ҷ˻һȥһи⣬һ¾ˡ
˸ڵһżıȽϸߴÿͣ۵Ļ⣬һӱתͷʵλֵܣ˵ĸ飬Ҫˣҿ˵²˹ˣ̫ƽأ
¿ӵλʻȻ˵Ǵӱİɣǹʿ˵Ǳߵ飬ûϵ
ӽûԼҪйعݱص飬˴ϵһЩ΢΢ʧȴҲŶ졣
˴ͷɥӣǸӱÿͱ㰲οû£Ҫʲôӣ͢¾һƽ
˶Աһ²ģҲôһ˵Цһ±ʾмȻҡͷԶˮⲻ˽ʰڴȫЩ˾ˣ˴Ǻܰݡ
Ǳ˶ԴϵҲͬǺ˽⣬ֿˣ㲻ٲ죬ԸԷˡ
ӽһˣǷǳġûۣͷ¿Ӳ廰ˡ


815 
λ̨˵͢ǰʱרӦ֮룬Ѱ׸˱˻ȥΪ˾ġѵҲûЧô
ӽʻǹ߿һۣӽ߶Ž´󺺣ӦǸ͡
ͺһ̬رˣܽύһһ¡˾תӣӽ͵ʯܱ϶ɽ·Ҳߣƹ˾Ļڱص顣
ӽһлȻԭǵ·⡣
ʮͣ϶壬һ㶼ʡڴ󲿷˾˵ٻ·޵糩ͨ϶ϲԼʵۣõġ
˾Ϊȥ֪ǳ·ʦ¹ѫһʹ;ǵõˮ࣬ʹһͨˮ·
ӽ뵽áһ£ǹ˵ƹǱߵôϾô
ѽϾͻȥˡһ죬ͻѹһ죬ɱҲ͸һ찡һɵҡͷ̾Ϣ
ӽ˱㲻ֻͣط
սӽʸĹ˰ٴϵô
˰ٴղųԷʱӽʻֲ֪ϾˡѾһ飬ӽʻϻش϶˾˵һЩҲС
ӽˣڷתȦȻڿ⡣һᣬվסӣԹ˰ٴ˵ϾƿӺϾȻʵ֪Ѩ磬ȻΪһǿ鱨ա
˰ٴһӽҪæעϸ
һɳǰϣӸ˾ֲϼϴص֡
ڶҸղ˵뷨дһ£Ӽͽ
˰ٴӽϴӦǣ
ӽ߻طеӱߣʼд¡
ڱѶбǮǰʱҲѾۺˡԸƹ󴨵˾вƿԴܸղǹѣӽһ뷨
Ͻ飬ɲ־Ӫǰϣ̫࣬ͳɡʯܱһ𣬰˾⼰ôһҩͰ֪ʲôʱᱬը
˾ɶ²һˣӽ飬ǰֲӣҲɳȥڱҪʱ򣬽նжһٶ˵Ϊ׼ݵ˾һϵĶõġ
һɱͣ˵ҲЧ
Ҫ׽˾⣬ҪҲǰ˾Ϯƣ迤أɳֱ͢һڵĹԱй
ӽʵ۽飬ȫĸڱ֮˾һ͢ĸ֮ߣ㹻ǿѸٽܸ˾
֮ȫʵʩ֮ǰ˾ĸҲǳ͢ڰ˾Ǯˮ·
ֻҪͨˣͻмôһ˳״ѸٷӦ
ڶ߳ɽĻͻǼʶ֮󣬾ͻ뷨˾ŪԼĲգͻòס
㣬һܺõô˾췴δôջ档ΪмʶĲգ֪ǿ󣬱Ȼäӡ
ͨȻȥôҪ븻··޺ˣȻһֲո췴ǴǱΣаջ췴
ôһȲᱻŪԼֿʼù˭˾췴浽һ˾췴µĲУ˵ͻһܡ
ӽд£ֿһ֮󣬱㽻˰ٴ;ʦ
Ź˰ٴתȥŴ£ӽаϣǱ߲ҪôеļʩȥӦҲܺܿƽ
ʵϣ涽ݡϡԪֻżȾСѣֻҥԽԽףزѡ
ϲûϷңӽһϣ͢עͼеϡ
ʵ˾ģӽеĽ飬֪ʱᱬըĻҩͰ
ȻЩǺ󻰣²ͳѡ
ӽְһ£㰴ռƻ˿ջ齭ڱߵв˾ȥ
Ȼˣһ˲û̫򣬲΢˽õĿġ
齭ϲ˴ֻ洬ҲлںСҲԶ޽
ͷϣӿͷģڰй˵ģæŰ˻´ֻģһ㡣
ӽ￴ķɫˡˡ˶ܲʱ
һ˱߱߿Ȼǰһ¥ǰΧһȺˣָָ㡣
ӽԭй䣬ûʲô֡˼ǱȺۼ߹ȥ


816 Ϊĸ׵Ĳ
ΪӽҪ͵ԭԲƥûߵˣҲҪ󡣳˰ٴڳ֣֥֮⣬˶ɢ˳ȥ
ôһȺ´󺺣ǰӵģֻҪ۾ģ֪˺ر
ӽҪȥ֣ɢΧĻȻȹȥռݹؼλãЩͲ˵ˡ
ӽûߵһ˹
еɫǸ
ǣǣӵĸףȴȥôģ
Ҳô˵ӣ϶ǶˣĲŻȥ͵Եġ
ǰǰղҾͿˣǰǸӳԵġ
ӽüͷ΢壬͵ʲôģԼĵûʲôϵ
ԭͲԹˣ񻹺ͺʲôйءΪӽǸյû꣬ҲǸջаֲꡣԺӵȽУͼǰߣȥô¡
֣֥ӽǰһһȺмȥӲǸӽһ·
ЩΧͷһһδ󺺣ס졣룬ȴûֳ
ӽȥһھ¥ſҲһٽֵĴڣŰͷ֮ĳʳӦ·⣬˾ߵ֡
ⴰڱһ࣬һĸŮ·ϴ÷ףźüͷӡģӦҲ
ĻﱧһҵСŮϹỨ˯ˡıվһҵСкηؿЩΧ۵ˡ
ḾŮһӣдŴһ֣͵³
ӽڴϲԶȴһḡģȥ͵ʲôӣ͵ȥˡ
ҪǸүֺֺǣÿ춼ܹĳԵӡ
ӽתͷȥḡһ˵һ˵š߲û˵Ͷ
ӽüͷһ£ʱһʮĸŮλô£
òʻŮתͷһӽʻ֮˳ͦûһḡ̾˿ӽ˵˰֪ǵŮ˵Ŀ֪࣬Ŀ࡭
ӽԭŴӦûȽϰԣ̽Ϣû뵽ȴһ̾ɵеȻ
λŮҲǴ飬пһ¶ѡϾ˸̾ӽλӣʶˣǰǰ󶼿ȥʱҲûд֪
˵صôӽ̲סϵ
긾Ůһе㲻±ﲻҲͲƽӽĲͷ˵λŮԶŮ߹ʱĶŮŵζͲˡ
Скþ¥תк˵ʱȥðӣˡȻһȥϸϸ˵ˡ
ŶǽӲҪ͵ӽµ
긾ŮͷǣСҪ͵˶ֵĻС͵ͻһӣԺͱдϢˡˣζöӸ£һֱ
ӽ˾е֣Ͳ廰ʵ⵱ôôԼȥ
긾ŮεҡҡͷشӽС˵ѾһˣߣһԶŮ֡ôţû취Ϊ˶ŮֻԼȥˡû뵽ץƹʾڣ˵Ҫٸ죡
ӽüͷ͵ȷʵӦãҲӦ˳ͷǹ߷Ҳˣʱ⣬ΪŮò˴£ʾڣҪ͹ٸ죬ḾŮԺȥһԶŮ
ûȰ£Ǯôӽе㲻ʵ
긾Ůһӽҡҡ֣Ȼָ⴦¥㲻֪¥Ķͣ£ḾŮȥƣܾͷ˺ݻþ¥Ҫƽϴ£гǮܾˡ
ӽһŭˣʹ߳Ⱥûֱ긾Ůסˣֻˣ嶯Ǹˣ㡣Ҿ¥ĶǸˣǲá㿴ΧЩˣкöͷˡ
ӽһɵЦˣ긾Ů˵ˣ鶼ȥˣ
˵֮߳ȺϵḾŮǰ
Χ۵һ˳ͷȻһ󲿷ֶСáΪӽ
ھ¥ſڼලŵһ¥һʵʲôʲô
ӽûֱӶǸϵĸŮΪ˸ĸҲ治ףɣ
ǻһ俴ºӣȴҲ£øǴҪ£ȴ˭ĵ̣


817 
ӽǻһۣȻתͷڳǮ
չḾдȣӽûдԼѹˣǮḾ˲
ڳӽԸ׼Ǯ֮ʱǾ¥ˣ̬ޱŵôмǮӢ۾ˣ㣬ҼҶеǮóһ㶼㡣ҶҷˣҪǮûáͷȥٸ죬˭ҾܾҼҶҵĺ⣡
һв˵֮⣬һ̤ȥʹֽѵ
˭֪رӽסˣֻǻƵŶҶźǮǲǣôΪʣ˽̣Ŀأ
ǻƱӽ˵Ŵ죬һñӴȥܲ
Χ۵Ĵ󲿷·ˣѿȥ׷״кáӽͷţǽ˻ᷢйеĲƽ𾢡
ӽ˵֮󣬱ûǻƣͷḾ˵ӵǮ㸶˰ɡ
ḾԭΪӽͼıԼӣ˹Ų裬ҲԸʧ
ղӽǻƵĶԻӽˣ˸м̧ͷӽһۣȻվ
˭֪Ϊ̫ãֱźӣһûֹȥ
ӽ˲ɵ̾˿תͷԸղλĵ긾Ůܹܲһѣ
긾Ůбƽ֮ģȴηھ¥ҵȨƣûҳͷӽͷкȥһḾˣûԥȥḾˡ
ǻζԭḾ˱ŵСˣ۵ؿһ߿һߺ
Скĸ׵ȣû˵
Ḿ˵˴ʱ£رźӲš
ӽ̾˿֪λḾ˿϶ûǮû㻳ŮһССҪᡣ
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Χ۵·һһƬȻǻƶ㵵̧ͷҡ
۾΢ŭҪǰࡣսӽү
ֻҪӽͷַӾܰˣĻֱӶȥΣŲ
ӽⶫǸʲô˼Ҳȴû֡
Ϊ֣ʵжȨֲɷȨӽǲͬġ
Ȼ·ʱҲֹһΣǱԴ輰ԼΪԼĻɳ֡
һΣҪḾˣǮȥС͵ΣĳֽǶǾ¥һռһ֡
ˣҪʰеǻᣬӽţͳڳǮ
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һߵͷĸһźӽȥ˵ĺ⣬ūˡ
ʣµĻȻû˵ڣȴףӽԩͷ¥թôǮ
Ҳˣͻܵףһ߿źˡӽͰ˵ʾλ·
ӽϵ֣֥͹˰ٴûзŭȻеվǣɹá
Ϊǵ¥Ҳָ϶ѣ趯
ڳӽûиĿڵ˼ֻðʮһӣǮ
ΧΧ۵·˶ʱһƬǴ¥ңҲȰ˵ӽǮ
Ǿ¥Ҫۣӽ֪Ѷˣû뵽ӽȴóǮһʱ֮䣬
ӽǾ¥ʶؽǮӵת·˵λ˭ǸµʱλΪļǮڼѾҰǮˣ͵ô
ȻΧ۵·ʵӦ͵ֻӽģǮѡ󲿷˶һͬС̬ӽ˵˭ûǸǮʱҪ˾ͱΪ͵̫ԩˣ
ˣ·ػӦӽʾ͵
ӽõӦһָλ·˵λǾүȴûһͬġ侮ʯҪЮλȥơʥ鶼ȥˣˣǶ˵ĳ裬ǳ͢ĳ衣
Ǿ¥ɫǵͨ죬뷢֮ʱȴӽڵ˵Ҫλԩĸ˸ݺˣ˽̣ۣĿ


818 ͷβ
Χ۵·һ΢һ£ȻȻкáû뵽λ˾ȻҸ¥ңҪ֪ⶫҲǮ࣬һǾүºˣкϷˡ
Ϊ泳ӵӾ¥ڵĶ¥̽һͷ¿˿Ȼɫһ£ȻϽҪ쭵ľ¥˴档
¥µһ˵Ҫ¥ңǾζ׼ˣһС
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ӽһۣûֹ˼Ͷ˵¥Ҹסˡ
Χ۵·ԭһү²ֺáûԷȴֻôˣһоҲʡ͵ĵơ
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ǵ͵˽֮£ӽһ˵Ĺģ˿󲿷·׼ʼΧۼе
Ҳľүİغ˭Ҳ˵׼׷ĿԴ
Ḿ˼ĸԣȴҲ²ҡǿƹؽһʱλʮһӣϴС͵ԼԶ
˶Ҫ;¥ϰԣϴ׵һʽһģȥٸȥٸ
ȴ·˴Ϊ⣬´׼¥֮ʱǾ¥ȴſڣɫ֣̿ҴҵسӽһҾúһ߻ղǱ˲ԣԸھǸλӴ˴Ʊ֮
⻰һ˵ڣ˶¡û뵽ķչȻ⡣¥Ҳ˵үݣǮţҲӮ˹˾ôһ¾ˣ
ӽҲе֣¥֮ǰǳŵģôԼ˵Ҫһ±̬ȡ
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ǸһĿܵҶҶ
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ӽҲ߹ȥˡǸСкȥˣȻ˵س԰ɡ
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¥ϰվϣæŵԶԶԣǱ˲ԣˣӲҪ⣬ˡ
Ḿ˺긾ŮԥһᣬȻȥˡ
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̧ͷվǵľ¥ҵ˵ɣΪʲôȻת̬ˣʲôԭʵʵ˵


819 ׳
¥֪Լ̬תôҪЩǲܵġѾùԸҲûֱӹػشѣ˱ˣ²Ҫǣʶеһˡ
Ŷ˭ӽһеʵ
ڳ˶ף¥֮ת̬ȵԭʵΪʶˡ
ӽԿ϶ԲʶԼ򲻻˵ʶеһˣֱ˵ʶˡ
Ǿ¥ҵӽԸ㹪ˡһᣬһ˹
һֱվӽ֣֥һˣɵûȻæȥӽ½ǸʹƼ̵ֶΪĩͨ常Ųű͢аġ
ӽͷź
֣֥Ϸĺ˸λ͸⸣㶫ʶ֣֥ˣ
ż֣֥ˣʲ͡
ѧΪμˡһż䣬ӽ
Һ֣ҹϵУ˲ʶ֣֥һ֪֣֥Ľ֪˹٣δˮʦѧõĸó
ͻȻҿӣֻһࡣôͷ˵λ֣֥ϹϾˣ϶ְҪ֣֥öŶԡ
Ϊ뷨һ֮󣬱μ
¥һ֣أɵǳһ֮ǰѴҴҲæŲûж˵׻ǶĹ١
һԱԼûҪ󡣷常ǸʹĹԱҲ٣ûҪ˴μ
ѧμˣ˲С˹ѧԺҲˡ¥æŲΪд
ӽһλһŵæվǻǡΨǸСкһʱû˹ܣʹмȡ
ḾбСŮȥСкȴûж֡żţȴӽ˵ûϵóԳԣúȺȣˣֲš
˵֮ӽתʵҪʶɻƣµҲǣδḾһңûˣС۽Уûһ֮ô
ǵͨ죬һڵأһػ
ӽѵѾǾˣҲܳһĸ١Ʒԣܰ͢һս
ӽĳԴøˡҲ֪ǲȵԭϡͷϵĺˮεδ𡱵һذϾʪһƬ
Ϊһ߿龰û顣ӽѵⷢйһ֮ǰһӽ˵ˣҶʦѧУĲŻΪڡʫѹʿӶĵ״Ԫ֮ơֻСӾܾ𣬲д˻֮١ѧصʦ֮Ϣŭ
ʱķ󶼺÷ΪҲǸΪӽԴ˺ǲŤתȴûкð취Ͼⲻһ˵ŤתŤתġ
ڼȻôһӽҪ£򿪵СʦҲһ١ѧƷˣҲʦûãΡ
뵽ӽΪʵʦ˭
ΪһӽӣǱС⡱һʦ鷳ˡ
еڰѶʦ̧ˣѳڣλҲˣͲòش𣺡ش˵Ļʦճ׳ּΪʦɡ
ΪֻڴɵĹְλ˵󣬻߿ԽĿǰ顣ֱ˵񲻴ܡ
ˣ˵֮󣬱֣֥ʹ˸ɫæ顣
˭֪ӽ˲ΪĻشһᣬȻŵһתΪϲɫͺͻֻ˵ԭǳ׳ѧǾ˵ɣ
ΪһϲΪǶʦĹλߣǶʦĺѣһλ˿ˡ
תһ룬ȴ־òԣΪǶʦĹλߣλǶʦĺѣֱ׳ôһΪԺˡ
ȴ֪ӽ֮Ըı̬ȣǳ׳Ĺλߣѣʵӽû׳ˡ
ӽںʱȴ׳¼Ϊڹ㶫ȥɳĳ¼Σι˳׳ݡ
һʷݣӽ߿ˡ׳ȴһ¼ȺĸˣֻҪͲܻǡӽŻǵΪһ˵˭ˡ


820 ݻ
׳Ϊ֮һԶѧʿĹְзܶ㶫񿹻ӡ
ܱ֮󣬲Ͷʱܶ١ʩԾ̡Ǵͷʼ˾롣׳ȴη壬
׳֮ˣһôܻǡ
մ˳׳Ĺ⣬űӽ˵
ӽûаٶȿʱѯĻʷϿĽ֣ӽҲ̫Ϊ
ӽһͷĺǻֵ̿ӡ΢˼һ£Ŷ˵иʦʦϣҾٸһλᣬҪһ²С
ˣҾе˵ʾ¡
˵ıʺܺãҪͶ壬ʲôʽʫʸ踳㣬Ϊʣ߸δ֮ϡ
ӽ˵Ҫ˶һûôһ顣
˭֪ӽû˵꣬Ҫʮڡ϶ĸӣдòã򶯲˱ˣı༭ĸӼҪעˡ
һоѶȺô󣬲ɵеΪѵ⡭
ţӽû𸴣ɵߵ
ŵһ飬æصѧȴӦ˵ͷ˵ǺηʥٿҪҪȥˡ
Ϊһ߿и˽ᣬӽһȻʵʴǺͶʦоɣ
˰ٴȻҲ΢΢е֣ǰûǳ׳ֻ˵ѣԹݣȫԲøһССӡȴ˳׳ӡ
Ѿãδӽҡҡͷ
ΪӽĻشֻʦѡе֣֮ǰΪӽΪŹˣ
ǣ͸ӽݣɵ˵ˣ֮£ȻŸ֪ʦֻǲ֪˹ٻ䣬֪Ƿʾ£
һʣŶŮҲǣӽ֪ʲô١
֣֥վӽϣͷͬ⣬͸˲ΪܵλǴзѲϷʡҪ˹
һ䣬żʱһûСС쳣ֹͣ˳ʳ
һ󣬲Ϊͬʱڵأ¼ǾԴҲ뵽ǰ˾Ǻպ˹Ƿּµղ
λŮû˵ʲô˹ղô£æϯڵء
ĺ󱳶亹ҪͬѲΪϵ֣֥ʱԼΪò롣
аԾԺҲ顣һײһϡҲܻ˺ˣٱŹһΡ
ͬʱҲһҪ˹飬ȫдͶĸӡ
û뵽ôһΪڰ֮ӮͬʱҲڴһ۵ǰݻ֮ӦӦãǮķ糱
¶ðٽھʦΪһһʼıݻܵķ
ɣﲻţҲǱţôڡӽֹһأͶ˵
˶վ֣֥֮ӽ߶˼䡣
ӽˣ΢¶ϲ⣬ʲΪ˶󣿡
˲֪ΪλͻȻ飬ɻ󣬵ܿͷˡ
㶫ʡοʼͲ󣬲̡Ȼһ㶼֡
ӽõǵĴ֮󣬱ʵ͢ڼʳǿǷǵѶ෷һЩʳش
ڴȻƲѣҲ֮ο֣֥һѣӽ˵ѣвСϣ
˻࿴ǲΪСĵʵ֪Ҫʳ
ӽһЦҡͷҪʳǴҪʳڱԣɶָչ⸴ЩҪʳˣֻҪʳжٶҪ˰ʲô󣬳͢ԿټԿǡ
Ϊٴλ࿴˿Էеһ˿ϣвΪתͷ׼ӽ
۽⿴Ůɵס졣
ӽһ֪˼ǲŮڴˡ
ڼȻʼ̸۹£ȷʵǺʺͨϰڳһװԵĴڡ
ǣӽڳλСһǮúôŮӡ
˭֪λḾ˼ӽ׼ӣ뿪˼һ¿ͷŮԩ飬ү


821 ״ﴫͥ
ḾŮôһһ˶Ŀ⼯еϡ
ӽû뵽ԼȻ˵ӰӾбүҪԩĴ飬Ȼ᲻ܵġ
ǣҲʲô״ֽ״ֽģֱʵҪ˭кԩ飬˵
ǵطС£ư֮ģԼֲóȥطźˡԼĹգطϲΪҲĲࡣ
ԼݣҪΪʳͶǵûжʱ档
˭֪һϵĻشֻḾ߸ǣһӹ̧ͷߵҪ״в˾в˾ﴫͥ
ԭѾˣ٣ϣã飬οҪûǳ͢߹١
û뵽Ȼղ󳼣һǸĵغܺõղ󳼡ָϣӽڴ
ϵôһ˵е㵣ĵվḾ˴ҪһңḾ˸ࡣ֪еĹԱûʲôʱܻ᲻һ漰飬ͲһˡΪ˵һʣٹ໤
Ḿ˵Ļӽڳ˶һû뵽þȻǹв˾ﴫͥ
ѵﴫͥʲô⣿ӽԺеһʱͷְλϵشӽе
ӲḾˣ΢΢ǰ㣬Ḿʵ£
ḾѾȥˣӽ֮ǰΪץסһݡˣη壬ɬضӽ޺޵ػشΪв˾ļ˽ѳְȴŸ𣬱̰˸𣡡
ӽһḾӣȻɷ򡣵ȴ֮͵ӱƹ¥ôʱ䣬ɷȴʼղ֣Ȼǲ
û뵽ɷȻв˾ļ˽û뵽ﴫͥȻﴫͥ˽ĸҪ̰ûĻΪв˾٣ӵһ⣬ԵĿԽǳ
ӽ뵽ءûȥḾǷʵΪпԿӦòһſڴƻƣȥһһλ͢߹ٵˡʵҪó˾;ǴӵŮ
ӽüͷḾʲôʱ飿
ʮǰûģһûԴһֱȵʵڽҲˣǰȥв˾Ҫ˵ȴûҪһǮḾ˸ֿͣʼȻʹྭˡ
ã£ҹܶˡ´˾ȥв˾һˡӽḾ˵ͷɫظ𸴡
ȻӽתͷԹ˰ٴλȰŵȥȺ򣬲صĶǰҡ
ǣ˰ٴӦһһḾ˴Сȥڣһ۳Ŷȥ
λ긾Ů֪վǣ֪Լô
ӽҲע⵽㣬ͺͰɫض긾ŮȻȥɣΪ˱ƽɼǸĵ֮ˡӣɾ⡣
ڳһֻó˼˹ȥ
긾Ůһɫһ±ͨ죬ӦõģӦõġ
ȻӹӣǸжµлһϾӶһͨϰ˵Ѿܶˡ£ƽʱ᲻óԣҪȥν׵˼ңһ¶һٶֻʼǮǺôһʲƸˡ
긾Ůٳ֮ʱ˰ٴſڵȺ򣬵Ըݵ£ݲҪ˵ȥ
긾ŮӦǳرܵӽʼ֮󣬲Ÿ˽ذԡ˵ùȻӽУޣѵһүһ㣬ӽû뵽ġ
ͻȻ֮£òΪĿɿڴһֱڱϾţӽô顣
һֱȵ긾ŮҲȥˣӽתͷʱǲŻعæӽվ
ղйششһ£кҪģӽ۾ŲΪΪղžֹȻ˵ʲô
ӽôһʣΪȻȥȻɲΪӽ˵ѧʡ͢ԸתϣҴĹߡ
ҪǰĻǾԲġ꣬͢ķѾˡһЩҲ߱˸ıͷҲΪˣ˲ŹԸ
˸ղںȾ飬ʵĵǡǡҲ顣ˣӽһʣһۣ뵽档


822 ˵
ӽһ漰˹ߣòƲ򵥵ӡüͷ΢΢£΢ţʲΪǺ£
ҴڶࡣȴΪףʮ
Ϊ˵˵̫죬ֲЩİնֺУȲѲȥġ˵ȥ˷ǺܺãҲܼһ㳯ֵ͢ĸ
ӽһЦְ˰ڵĴյжȲѣж׷ЩͲ˵ˡҲظ֮ˣ׷֮
Ϊһ˹˺˵вɵ˿˵½ռݣ󿴵һڶ࣬¸ۺ졣ƽʱһȡ޶ȣ֯ɱһˡ
Ϊ˵õͳ߸ŵص޸ĸƼûһĹǣϵ⣬׸عȴù顣
ΪӽȻָ߰صĺ֮ߣɽѲҴġΪһˡ˶á
ڲΪ˵֮ϸŲֻҪ͢ɽѲĺ͢ҪʳĻ˶ᾡȫռ
˶˵֮󣬹ڵϣ̧ͷӽŵעӽֹ̬
˵ʵպú˴ڸ֮ʵʩеĶսԡӽûϱֳϲӣһ˼ӡ
˺һᣬŶԹϵ˵ڻֲƽĴҲš˵εһԱɱˣ֮ҲǷ߸š
ӽϻһת˵ʱĳ͢ûΪȥָǳ͢룬ʵǲҲʱĳ͢飬ʵǶΪ
ϵ˶ӽ˵ʵܲΪȻرǲΪкöڳΪٵġ䳯͢ѪķӦеĻ˽ġ
Ȼʱӽ˵أԲҪء˹ô˵Ҳȥ硣
ӽ˵ЩʵǸ͢һ棬ΪҪ˵̵档ڸղЩŲţҪ
ֻӽ˵ڳ͢߾ȫƽ˱֮ңɹźͽ²⡣۸Ҳ٣ԭͿ飬ڸһסƫƫүֲգԱϻ̫ƽ˵ٴս¡ôһҪķǮ͢ھȫùڵ飬ġ
ЩѣΪˣرϲײһԱҲ֪ġˣ˹Щ飬ǲɵҲа̾
ӽʱȴֱҲ΢ֱһ㣬˵ҿԸһδʽ飬ǻϾڹڵת֮󣬶ĿսвӴΪķҲҪһַ֮
ΪɫΪϲӽһЦûǵϸĵĻӦҲܿ͢˼
ӽ˵֮һָߵ֣֥Ϊרųˮʦѧãսḻ֣ɻΪó촬Ҳȫ캣սϴν֮еĺˣ͢Ѿ˹Ҫ׷ˡЩʵǳ͢ľٴ룬֪λûУ
Լһ£ɹ˵һ¡Ϊ˷ܵͷ͢ĺڱˡ
ȻֻһˣͷԻǺġϵ˹˵ģӽ͹ӽȭ˱ضȫִ֧ɹǰѣǮ߱Ȼϧ˻ʾ£ѧдȥǱ߾ﱸ
ΪҲŵͷϵ˷֮ɫԱ
ӽˣһվ˵ãдģ͢زǡʲôѣܸ͢ǽģҲȻᾡ
˵֮ӽ˵ɣһ³̳ʵҲó͢˹֮£ճ󡣡
ΪҲӽξǮ
Źһʱ֮˽Ϊȥϵʿ𣬾ܶطĻ˳ΪǮ
ӽ˵棬Ѵд£ù˰ٴʦϡ
һж׵֮ӽ׼Ḿһǰв˾֤ﴫ̰ͥû˽һ


823 ʧ
һ˻ûгţݱصĶ۾͸ϵˡǣӽֽһѯʡ
ѯʵõĽӽȽ⣬ûзв˾ﴫͥʲôΥ̰
ḾŮֶ䷢ģ˵ûõĸ𡣷ĻҲˡ
ӽҲûжԽֱӴȥв˾ﴫ֤ͥϾܰˮʯ
в˾ӽھ¥ûжԶһ˴һ̶ӣв˾ˡ
˵в˾źóף൱ںĺءΣӦùȥġ
ӽȴǡǡ෴в˾Χǽƾɣٵطܿǽ档
ſվŵȽϾ񣬵Ͽ׾ȴҲ¡ӽһ߽˾ſڣһ˱ǰŵصأ˵߿
˵꣬Ϳѽ´У۵Ḿ˺ӡ
Ǳһֱ˵˵ûǮûǮҲûá
ȻʶḾˣĻУḾΣûҪǮҲ˵Ḿ˵Ļʵġ
ӽɫͳˡﴫͥȴ¸̰
Ϊʵ̫ˣӽԾһҪ֮
˰ٴӽʾ֮󣬱ǰߵǱǰͳƸ£ͬʱ˵ʦˣﴫͥǰӭӡ
ǱƵǰ֮Ƕۣһ۳ɫͱˣæ͵ش˵Ļٲţȥܶˡ
˵֮󣬿˰ٴǶŵֻæ͵С˾ǳıӵҲƭòš
˰ٴҲҶԼѣתͷӽȴָʾ
ӽԽڶǰȥ˶ãʱ
Ǳ۳λ˶ǱϹϾأ֪˿϶ͷǣҵæشٴһߵģƽܻ
ӽɫȥﴫͥءжﴫͥʧ˲ٵա
һһź󣬷ټһԺвٱ޾ɵضǶû˳ȥѲ߼˽
ӽʷϲԳɵﴫͥѵͽʷǼٵģıܴͣʤ̣
ûЩһԲֱȥϤӽ˶֪ŭˡԹƽ׽˵Ը񣬶Ȼ顣
ЩԺıſָڵͬһ´󺺣ӵһߣ֪˴æһɢĵ״̬
ӽûǣ˹ȥʹһɡ󿴵ȺеḾˣúֿ֣ʼ
ӽ£ʵ˾˭£ҡ
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ӽһŭˡôһ˾Ȼµ˶̱ͬһ㡣͢Թв˾
ﴫͥȥܶȥģӽ϶šˮˣʵ
ŭḾ˵Соˣرĸ׵ȣҳ
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Ȼһ¹ڵأͰ͵ػشᡭٴˣȥܡܶǡ
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ȷʵﴫͥˡſڵʱ򣬾ʣλ˵
ж۳ˣӵһӾʦԼһ֮ǰǰҪǸḾˣҲ档
ﴫ֪ͥǺ£©ҹ꣬ôôѣ
ҲûԹ¿첽ߡһߣһţ⾩ʦˣ
ЩͥԺıſڵĶһɢģһȫˡ
ﴫͥŴСԱ߹֮ЩֿʼΧ£Сţ֪ᷢʲô顣
ﴫͥſڣн´󺺷վš٣һֱڴڶСһôļƣмٹһϢȻ˹ּ£ɣ
ûһݵļϢôͻȻԼ
ﴫͥ벻׾Ͳ룬ֱӽȥ˾֪˭ˡ
ǣ¼󲽽ãȻϿȥ
վڴſһ࣬ȺԱȵʹ˹ڴˣ¹񡣡


824 в˾
ﴫͥһϸһȻű£ȴ˹ǣæ¹°ݼ
ھʦʱѶμӽֻһֱڹԱԹۣ˲Żӽûﴫͥﴫͥȴϵӽ֡
ӽŵ¹ŵﴫͥһʵﴫͥΪ˽ĸҪ̰īټһв˾žȻһµˣʹв˾ֹͣתְ֮ô
һˣʹˡΪ˹ʣԻŵõսľ
ﴫͥȴûУֻ̧ͷӽɫƽصγԣ¹֮󣬾ְأһв˾ϡְ¹Ҳ̰֮٣Ҫ̰
ӽᱻﴫͥ仰;͸ı˿˵ҽƱ磡ԭ档
ﴫͥһе죬˸Լתͷʱӱ߳һǣӵḾˣҲһ򵹡
ﴫͥһϵôˡһ¾ˣԭ˵ôһ¡
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ӽһֱ棬ﴫͥڿԭ֮ȴ治ɫݵ˼ɵ΢΢е졣
ţﴫͥòײĲᣬ飬ûʲô̰īһ£
ﴫͥûḾˣֻתͷӽ˵¹ôˣ¹ٽ͡
ʵ˵ӽбȻ⣬ûôضﴫͥ˵
¹ƹв˾֮Ҫճּ͢⿪ʼתв˾ȴѼࡣһԭ򣬱û㹻ʹв˾ת
¹Ϊв˾ֻ̱ݲ֧λ˵ĸֹˣ˽ҲǷšﴫͥ˵ָһ¹һḾ˵
ӽüͷһ壬Դ˲Ǻ⣬ʵ͢ǲв˾ԭߺӦùв˾ʹ˰ɣ
¹ϸϸ͡ﴫͥ˵֮󣬱㿪ʼϸ˵ˣ¹ƹв˾֮󣬷ԭм˽ϼ޻鷸֮١˱ɢԭд󲿷ּ˽ļµļ˽ѵͻһȴǲòһʡ
¹һʼеļ˽Ϊ޼С֮׳û뵽˽ⱡ˼˽ִеԿ˽ʹü˽һֱӸ߲¡Ϊ伩˽¹ٲŲòһмС˽ҵľʱнġһֻ˺ܶǮ
˽Ᵽطٸֲܶϣв˾ٲά裬ղ϶˰öȣر齨ѵ˽Աҽơࡣв˾ܿͺľ˳֮͢ϵĻѶоݿɲ顣
ԭָв˾֮¹һв˾֮ʱûѱŲˡ
ӽһֱţﴫͥ渵вûһ˿ͣ٣˿ûзѵļбеˡ
ﴫͥ˵ʱɵʵ˭Ųˣ
ﴫͥʱеŭӽشʹźܶŻã˵ڶԷ¹Ѷιȥ׷֣ûһ
Ϊû֮в˾ţʵǼȱҲ޷¡¹ԾʹЩˣһȥ׷
ӽ֮תͷݷۣʵʵ
ݷæһ£ܣδע˵˽Ᵽ˽ˣȷ¡
ӽҲףȻͬ˵һ㣬ܡˣûݷۣõ˽ⱵϢҲ㹻˵ﴫͥ˵ʵˡ
ʵ˽֮£ֻҪ룬ҲǿƲġ
֮ǰĶ⺣óһֱ͢ɣв˾ԭҲһֱڷ״̬ͬ衣Ϲһó׵׵㣬ԭЩ˶ϰ˲˰˵˽ˣͻȻҪ˰Ȼˡ
в˾û㹻ı˽Ϊطٸϣ飬Ҳˡ
˽һ£ӽɵ˱վŵ֣֥һۣĵλװ˽ͷĿҪǵϲ鸣˽װй
Ѿף²漰̰ḭ̄ī飬ǹϵ͢ؿв˾⡣
ѲḾµȺս
ӽḾ˳֮󣬱Ե¹һصĹԱ˵ɡ
лﴫͥ£ӦǵĽͣɵö˿ش֮վߡ
ӽתͷ֣֥͹˰ٴ㶫ʹܶǰҡ
ǣ˴Ӧһöȥ֣֥΢е֣ôҲȥ


825 ʱ
ӽõﴫͥĽͣȻͲٶﴫͥ⣬ͬʱҲΪʲôЩ˽޾ͿԵԭˡ
һ£˽кܴΣգûǷ˭ȥƴ
ӽﴫͥúͰʵ֮⣬߻ʲôûУ
ﴫͥһϲ˼ҪԼѡ
ǣҲԥӽȷʵѡ
Ŷ˵ӽϷԸ
ﴫͥ¼׷¶Цݡ֮ǰв˾ڹүүףѲǾٲά衣
˹зѲϷʡҪղǳԤв˾ĴҪˡ
Ƿ׷ﴫͥ˹㱨Է©ʲôǿѡ
ֻﴫͥӽв˾֮һѴǣѲĺߡһ
ˮӪĹģֻжʢʱڵʮ֮һв˾ȥˮӪʱΥ֮١˵⴬ҪޣǽҪάˮ֮ࡣ
ˣˮӪûõóֵսսǽڣûЩԶ˽ĺˮӪںϼ˽˲ɵ顣
˽װ̫жη˽װ˽ʱ֣ϬԶʤ˽·װ˽Ӵ仨ˮ
ģв˾ս֮˵֮¶УֻǱ¹ܾ¹飬Ҫ𡢹ٸЭʱ
壬в˾ǰ˲ծ˵壬Ҳͷۡ

ӽﴫͥһ渵вɰԸ̾в˾Ȼôװת
ԼҪǲһˣֻڱв˾ջ񣬹ƾҪˡ
ﴫͥв˾ҪνءǽЩ鷳£¾Ͳ֪ҪѶʱ䡣
³ּ͢ʳв˾ҲҪת͢ȥ˰աճֶΣһһʱϵ̫á
Ǳ밴Լ֮ǰ÷ǳֶΣ쵶նС
ﴫͥϲ˵˴һӣŻϰѶ˵˸顣ļԣȻҲʲôֵһ˵ѻᱻ©
ﴫ֮ͥ󣬶ûҪˡֻۿ˹֪кΰ취
ʱѽغˣӽûֱ˵Լ뷨Ƕﴫͥҵղԯв˾ţЩ⣬ҾͲˡ
ﴫͥһæӽллйڴˣһʧ
˵֮ﴫͥӽܶͲʹһʱ䣬ȥЪϢһ᣿
ôһ˵ӽҲоˡϾŸոϵݣȻֻڿջòͣͳ΢˽áһϵе飬æڡ
ӽͷӦﴫͥȥϢ
֮ﴫͥæȥղԯ顣ӽռȵﴫͥĺϢ
ڳӽˮ֮󣬿ӽò裬е㵣ĵ˵үû뵽в˾鷳ôࡣүҪв˾һһĻҪ̫ʱ䡣˵Ǹϲˡ
ԭǾ¥˻ᾡʱˣû˳û뵽в˾֮ȴֻôѡ
ӽŲ裬ڳôһ˵ܸȤط˲豭ڳû뵽㻹ŽЩ飬˼ǶԵģ˵˵ôģõ˵ʲô뷨˵ˡ
ڳɫһ죬Һ͵ƲǺ˿ӦòȻϤӽҲͲԼ뷨˵˳
һֱ˵˺ö࣬Ͱﴫͥ˵ѣһһ˵ĶӦԡʲô찵ã֤ݣѵ⣬ͷ֮Ķ˵
ӽò׵˵֮΢ЦôĻҪĶʱ䣿
ڳɫһ죬е㲻˼ػشҲ˵鷳´үϲؾʦˡ
ӽЦҡҡͷ豭һȻŶڳϲȥС£ĸ￴ţɻɵҽźţж¡ʱˣ鷳ǱʳӦϣӡǰŬľ棬ںܶ෽棬ܻղЧ
ڳ̾һԼ͹ľ̫ԶȻϽӽүʲô취ô
ӽԼ뷨˵ſڴŲлݲʹ


826 
ӽһ㲻ٺڳˣվ˵ߣȥá
ʱӽĻѾ˹ٷڴ࣬վŶǷ֪ۡˣΪǶ
˽ˣȻ֪˹еĴڹзղ󳼣뿳ˣȨƣǸԬʦҪ˳ˡ
ݲʹ˹Ӻתæӭӡ
Ҫ˵ӽղ󳼣Լ˹ݣٳĵλͺպֳʹļƱӭ
ӽ֣֥վһߣڲʹһֻСӡв΢΢һЦ֣֥ȻǴ֮ˡ
ϣʹڼ֮δ˹ӽ¹׼в˾ûѾ˹ݣв˾һùӢݡ֮ţƽ˽²֮ңҴǡ
ﴫͥӽǰվţаԳԾȻֻȥʹǰЯв˾
ԼҪãȴҪ˻˺ˣǲܱȡ
ʹһͣƨӽЦûȥ׷еһЩϸڣЦֱ֮˵ǻˣҴв˾֮£ûͽˡãԴϲ
ʹһЦæָ˹͵ԭҪв˾ģֻǹ㶫٣ͷ׾ݣԲôû
ŶԭǾͺãһΪ̰֮£ˡѽӽһΪӣòʹ˿
ڻӸʹĵڣӽֶﴫͥӼȻѾˣͲ°ɣ´οɲ׼᲼ʹˡ
ȻʹļǱﴫͥߣڳֱ͢ܡﴫͥƢҪҪȥҪʱ򣬾Ϊ嶯˵һЩ
ڼȻѾҲʹϾߣǵطԱԺⲻҪ鷳ʹﴫͥҲǸɴʹǸ
ӽţʹǸҶﴫͥװȣһЦ֮
֮ӽںͲʹŹݵﴫͥ򵱳˾˼ֵ󣬱°Ӱˡ
ӽﴫͥæ꣬Ҳˣ׼һ˵˵в˾顣
û뵽ʱ˰ٴˣȻӽܶҵѵ
ӽһͣ׼˵£ܶá
һᣬ߽ܶã󻹸һλ棬һֻСӡ
ͨǺ⿴ʱɵ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ʹ
ܶҲ΢һ㶣Ȼϼ
ڼ֮˹ƹ˾Ӱ죬еţ¹ʱŲв˾Աáָյ˵Ȼ£ּļЩ׼ջءûպ¹٣˳ˡ
ܶ˵꣬һСǰһ˫ַСӡ
ʹܶСӽãѾµʲôɫΣΪʱȣûЭ̣Ȼ˻һ¡
һ»׷顣Թյ˵ǰǻᱻڳ
ʹ뵽Լʼǲǣ۽ȥ鿴ɫ
˭֪ȴȻ֮ǰĻûһ㣬Ҳûʵ˭Ųôֳ⡣
ӽֻǺܶ˵һЩһʼԲʹ˵ƵĻﴫ֮ͥ
ﴫͥҲɵӣֵӡᣬҲ˵
ܶҲﴫͥסӽҪԱ˵Ҵ˴ǰ㶫ĿľΪ͢ﱸ㹻ʳԽʳΣǶǴĸ߼ԱۡӦҲ˽ľơˣҾͲһһˡ
ӽô˵ΪڵۡҲѾ˵ȼͬвͬıܼ𣬹ְߵۡҲͬ
ӽ˵ǿǰôҲġҪ˵ǰͷ˭ҪǺҳһĿԣҲ˭ҪǲҵҲԾܹһԡ
һվһӽģ¹ٱȻϡ
˭ҲûӺ͹ԣҲǰϾǴٳһˣкպվҳ͢ĺܶƶȻ֡
ڹŶۣ˵ûʲôصֶΡҪץһ˵İѱԹ˵ûжѶȣֻʱĳ̶ѡ
ӽڵõǵı̬󣬱ֺͻ˵ɫѲ磬ҸոϵݣҲˡһ磬¡
һˣӽȴûϢ֣֥е˺˵¡


827 ϼ˽
ɻƣµĸֶҺܿҲᾡΪһ⽮ӽ֣֥ŲʱȻ˵
֣֥һæ²豭ӽȭһĩȮû
ӽһ񣬼˵ڷɻԼڴܻʲôɾͣҪǿԼŬˡ
֣֥ˣ֪˼ԼĶӣᾡԼ˵Ļ͵ƾԼˡ
̬ûӽһת˵ҾãҴˮʦУۺս飬ûܱȵù㡣ǴӣȻŬֽ׶Ҳûĺսḻ
֣֥ˣ治ɫֵúǫ顣лǺܵġ⻰˵ùʣϵı£Լڴ˵ڶû˸˵һ
ӽ˵豭ʾ֣֥ò衣֣֥һæӦ
豭շŻ棬һߵڳָǵˮպǺг
ӽ΢Цſ֣֥е˵ɻưϹߵת䣬֪ġҴˮʦΣ
ʵ⣬֣֥ˣϾͻشĩұ֤ĺֻҴˮʦĴڡ
Ǻǣ˵úáһ뷨֮ǰѾͻ˵һءʱʱ򣬾ͻʽɻϾϡӽ˵ͣһᣬ֣֥Լ˵ż˵ˮʦΪ½ء
֣֥һĳǸʱҲ¶˾ϲݡ
ˮʦһֱǸεı֣Ի͵䣬ҲǺӵġ˺ɴûˮʦĳƺ飬ݼ̹дģ֮ΪˮӪ
˹ȴ͸¶˵Ϊ½ء壬ںóս֣֥˵Ȼϸ˵Ҳס
ӽ֣֥ķӦ֮Ук⡣Ѿ㹻˵ǰ͸˵ˡ
ֻӽ˵ɻƣں֮У֪
֣֥ţȻ˹ôһ˵һżŵ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
㱻а֮ȻڸŷǷ˽⡣㲻ңҲ֪ġ
֣֥һ˹飬ɫŵһ䡣һһߺ£ڵؿĹ˰ٴȻ׼֮ʱӽ˵ˣΪںıֲ˾û׷˽Ĺְ
֣֥ҲסˣæվĩͿͻ˿ĩٷ
ӽʼûбȻЦŵͷ˾ͺáɣ˵û׷˼
֣֥վѾûԭǷϲ⡣ҲϽ֪Ե޹ʵ̸顣
Ȼӽ˵׻˵òҽһˣȻҲ֪ô˽⣬Ӧöη˽Ҳĵáˣϣв˾ļ˽ϳһ
֣֥ףԼĶ˵һֱ˵ô໰ʵΪĿġ
Լߵز˱͢Ĵ֮⣬ʵѾûѡ񡣶һֱΪ͢ЧԼԼĶӣкܴĺô
֣֥뵽ӽһֱԼ͸ɴر̬ģֻҪĩԵӣȫȥá
ɻƣҪӦҾͲϣڼ˽жУյѶΪѣֱӷǡӽǶ֣֥Ϊǰѵ
֣֥ԭͲһüĿغˣ֮ǰаΪ˶ռ˽⣬ֵܷĿɱյĽֵܡ
ڼȻ̬ѣΪԼ棬֣֥ȻҲûҪֻӽ̬ģ˭ֻҪҷ֣֥Ϣ֥˷Ҳ
֣֥˵Դǣ֪զһΪܴ׵Ĵ١
ӽ֮󣬱ֳܻϲӡ֣֥һ٣Ȼʾ֣֥Ȳ裬Ǻгӡ
һᣬӽ֣֥˵֪ʽսڸҵ˼֣֥ܵΪˮʦرӸ㶫в˾ֱܣѲӹ㶫غ˽㿴ţΣ
֣֥һϲӣæȭӽĩ֥л֮
ӽôʵûа취飬㶫ˮӪ˽ֻĶ֡⸣㶫غֻ֣֥ʽսܶ˽ֻγѹԵơ
͢޲ͷʽսȴҪ齨ˮʦ⽨֮áڽ꣬޷ߵġ
˵ô࣬Ҫ֣֥ǿϵļ˽ȫ㶫ĺ˽


828 ڶ
֣֥֣֥ܵҲӽ£в˾ڡ˫һ£ӽϴ֣֥ΪˮʦرҪҹϻظʽս¡
һæµ֮ӽ֣֥ӽ֣֥˵ھ¥ʱҲΪӦ¡ִԷĳǮ飬ϵʿȥٻϵҪʱϳʱ䡣
ĩףĩҲвʶԷųǳＯʳǰ֣֥Ǹ˾Ҷ֪⣬ӽȭ˵
ãԸǣڵв˾ƶȡĿǰʳ˰֮⣬඼ȡ˰̴ƾƾ֤Ӵʱղ˰ա˽ܾ꣬ܿûŻˡӽһ䣬˵
ĩס̴֣֥Ӧһ
ӽò輸棬΢ЦѵɻƲԸǣԺļ˽Ƚǳκͨ˽ӱܹ˰Ϊܵ͢ĳ̶ȣЩ죬ܿʵ档
ĩףĩȻǣشĹء֣֥һԴǵر̬
ӽ⣬ɫѾ硣ԼҪ˵飬ҲѾ˵òˡ
ǣͶ֣֥˵ɻƣʳһµĽ֪ģ㿴ʲô뷨Ҫ䣬ܴʹǱ߾ܶ
ӽҲôһ˵ûŻʲô顣û뵽֣֥н飬ֻشӽĩȷʵһ飬ԴǱĻԡ˵²Ǻ׵ĩ֪˵˵
кε˵˵ģʲô뷨Ϊ⣬ҲԵɲɣԻжϡӽһüëһ֣֥˵
֣֥ʵѾǺģԼ뵽⣬кܴԻᱻɣ˲Żô˵úܲ׵ӰܶĻΪ˴ķ񣬿϶뵽κⶼӽ˵
ӽѾ˿϶ĻشҲͲԵԥˣֱӽ˵ǸҾ֡ġΪиԲͬС˵ʵǸ
ӽͬ˵΢΢ס
֣֥ڵͷͬԼĻ˵þ͸˳ˣ׻˵֮ΪֻҪбȨһС˶ĩʶЩ˵ҪģʵǺõԱ֮㡣
ӽˡ֣֥ʶЩ˹ҲʲôŮǳưһ
֣֥ͬ˵ЩҾ֮Уûкñ
νĺñʵָȽĻǴݷǹ
˿֪֣֥ܲǼʶġݷǹЩ˵ж
ݷǹڻһϡҲֻٲ־˶ѡ֣֥Ȳ͢Ѿдݷǹһ£˵ǴһաΪЩĵ٣ֱӿ۴ñӶпܡ
ӽԭдݷǹֺýֺĿǰϱɱԷôȻֺҲνˡ
΢һͷͬǱ͢ݷǹҲû⡣
ӽ˵֣֥¶ϲ⣬ּһ⣬Ի͢ݷǹԻ͢Ļڡ
֣֥һȴɫһ䡣Ǻ˶ʶ˵ڱݷǹҪöࡣһ˵ڶҪȥ⻹˵ã
ڡ֣֥ӽ
ֻҪʳҲ⡣ڻȥ󣬻᲻вҴΣʵ⣬ҺͻҲ˵ĺˡӽο֣֥
ʵݷǹǻڣȥԴûжӰ졣
ݷǹԭʵǳ򵥡Ĺ߸㵽һ֧֮Ҳܷ˻ݷǹʱüǮ
лڣ͸ӦȥΪ׬ȡǮˡ˴ĻڣõڷⷽĿǰֻд̾ôһطգڼ¢ϡ
ΪĻڱģ취˵Ҫúܶ࣬ɱ͸˵ˡ
ˣȥֲõıĹҷơʲôڣڴ޵ġõʱ䳤ˣȻҪǸʱ򣬾ֻ
ȻˣЩķӽֻʵ˵֣֥ȴϸ˵
֣֥õ˹ȷ˵֮󣬵ظ˵ģĩұ֤һʳΣ


829 ϴ
ӽͷֺ֣֥֮󣬱ȥϵõȥˡ
֣֥һţӽһߵĹ˰ٴ˵ȥҲΪ򣬸ǣǱĻˣֻҪʳĿĻҲԻǹڡ
˰ٴ˵æվӽ˵֮еɻʵǱߵԸΪҴＯǮֺαٸǹеأ
ʰߵڳˣҲǵͷ͹˰ٴ˵
ӽЦЦ͵渶Ļԣܹ޵ġȻҲǵģŴѹ󣬸ǳǻӭҴ󣬶ҴƵġˣЩˣǴ͸Ӧ÷ǡ
˰ٴڳӽô˵صͷӽиһĺ壬ֻ˵ԭΪǿģ٣ͻ˵ܶ࣬ƫǲϵװ󣬾ͻ˶㹻ԸģӮҲܶġ
˵ӽ¶һׯض̬˵ԭΪ˴棬ʹңҵøΪסҴСĴ۰ȥֱռ컹Ϊ⽨ȵȡ
ˣ˰ٴڳһվֱӣصͷ
ӽ˵֮󣬸оһƣͻȻð˸Ȼ˵Ϣ˰ɣһ绹һݣ滥Ϸ
ǣҲЪϢɡ˰ٴӦһ׼ȥ
ûߵſڣӽʵصĹԱ֪ͨô
˰ٴһת֪ͨˡ
ãûˡӽһ׵ڷȥϢˡ
ڶ㶫ʡ·ҪԱв˾ղԯÿһ·вٸ࣬ʸĽţûʸľֱв˾ſڵȺ
һʱ֮䣬в˾вۼκһ·˿֪߿϶شҪ
ڣ·ҪԱְλߵͶվáֵ߳վ۵עĿ£ûһԱƤЦҲû˭ȥͷӶ顣ȫȴղĳ֡
ǾԼһ֮ӽڳĳ֮£Ӻת
ڵйԱһһվм䣬
ӽɫú󣬿ŵµĴССԱûкһͰɫ˵˵Ҫҹ㶫治֪ڹݶЩʲô
˹Ŀ䣬һԵýеĹԱС˿ͻأñϡ
͢в˾˵Щ㶫ĹԱӦö֪Ǹʲô״
ӽһ˵һ߶ÿԱû˸һӣȫͷѵ
˽ųӣֱӺв˾˽ǹü˽˲أ㶫׻ǲǴ£
ӽ˵˵ţŭþͻǷŭغ
Ϊ͢ôҪһ죬͢ϵͳͳ飬ź⣬Żڷô
ӽ˼˽²ѾһơȨڷŭ֮ʱû˸ҵͷ񣬳ӽ
Ϊᷨ͢ڣǹ㶫һʡѳ͢ȫ췴ֻҪһǧƽǣҪŵĿԿ
ӽԽ˵ԽأеĹԱȥͷѵ
ӽһ£˿ɨһһصĹԱ
һ֮΢һ죬ܶ˺Ͳʹ˵ı֣ҿʵв˾ŤתġҲ֪Աǲôģ
ӽôһڣһ̨ףµĹԱ˿׷׿ʼ̬һ˼ǶŬֻǹ㶫Ѿãһʱ̾Ťתġ
ӽ˵òһİסЩԱȻ˵ãȻд˼Һܸˡһ취һ£ܳŤת־档
¹ԱһܶĴͷ£ֿʼ̬ӵ뷨ô˵Ǿô
ãȻˣҾ˵˵ӽ͵ЩԱ֮˫ղؽ⣬ӽ˵Ŀģһ£㶫ʵϴ򡣼ųϼ˽ӡÿ˽ӶҪܶšʹšв˾ŵˣִȫλ˽
˵ӽվиҷ˽ӣһɾ͵ظɱ˽ӣץ֮һѺźͽ²ȥ顣


830 Ч
ɢ֮󣬸·ҪԱ׷ԼŸϻȥ˹޶վҪʼϴ򣬴ӹݿʼȫʡΧ
ʱϣץʱвã˺ȣû˻ɹзǰ衣
ʱԼзˣҲͿˣԲǰԬʦɱëһʵ
ΪȫͬԭԬʦҲԶܺ˹ȣǹٳӰ죬ǳʵеĵλȡõĳɾͣرĲࡣ
ЩԱУֻﴫͥӽʻţǸ˵´ô
¹ٲ͹Ĵ¡֮¹ѾһʱѸˣҡǸﴫͥɫ΢죬شӽ
ڹŴԱУƽͷϰǸǲܵ顣Ϊйע飬˵Ǯο¶ѣǸǲܵ顣
ǰḾҪʱһˣܿǹ¶ĸʳŵĲҿ£ٶ㡣
ﴫͥɱϵԸ񣬾͸ûνĸ֮ʡΪ˱סв˾Ļתм˽ĲɢǮʹãûһǮǸΪﴫͥûɷĸ𣬴ӶǰЩ顣
ӽѾľҲûվڵµĸ߶ȣȥҪﴫͥʲôϾÿ˵Ϊ˴ԭ򶼲һվڳ͢ĽǶȣرŴУﴫͥôҲûʲôԡ
ȥĲټƽϣҪľ͵ϸҪˡֻӽﴫͥ˵ڹݲפ̫ʱ䣬ڹڼ䣬һһֱ켩˽ĽչҪʱ䣬в˾죬ô
ﴫͥתΪ˷ܣվֱӣӽ֤йڴˣ¹ٶв˾ճ͢˼תȻȡ¹ٵԴ
ӽһЦһᣬЦȻһգﴫͥص˻Լ˵ҿûǿЦͲˣ
¹ģ졣ﴫͥɫҲ࣬ػش
ӽͷﴫͥ˵ãȥæɡ
ڣֻʣӽĻǡ֣֥ҲڣȥԼϵˡ
ڳԥ£ӽȻ˲ΪΪʲôֱץҲҪץɱһӰٲã
ӽһЦ˰ٴڣɻֱڳţҪץҲû⣬ץ֮ô
ڳһ㶣ûӽ⡣
ӽҲûشֱӽ˵㻻ԱִӱĵطµĹԱҲܱ֤ĹԱͱڵĹԱҪáһ
Ϊǰ̫ĲΪڵΪ˽Ҫ˰ɵӡһֱ£ֻץٵģжЧ
ץ϶γܲ࣬㶫ʡٳɾʱҪ㶫ٳһ顣ڵĳ͢˵ǲ⿴ķϾڳ͢Ҫڷ⽨ԼȫԷΧľϡ
˵ӽڳҲǸڳĻ͵ڵǿһô͢пܻƵ顣Ϊղ󳼣˹Ǹɵóġ
вʶ֮ٶȥ˽ôʱɱͻΪͣЧӦҲá
˰ٴѵЩ˽棬кܶ඼ǧ˿Ƶϵпܾǵˡȥ˽˵жҲ֪ͨЩˣ⼩˽Чô
ӽһת˰ٴЦΪ˵Чָץס˽ô
˰ٴһӽʻԼˡ
ҪЧǹ㶫û˽ԭЩ˽ԱǱץˣ߸ˡֻҪ㶫û˽нڻв˾Ĺأɹ˰ҵĿڡӽҲȹ˰ٴش𣬾ֱ˵˳
ڳˣȻصԭү˵Ľ취
ӽЦЦû˵
ӹݿʼһյĴտʼٸͻȻʵʩȫλļ˽жŵԱ˴Сڳ⡣ǹٵС·ƫƧֻ˽Ա֪·ϣжĹٱ迨ˡ
е˽Աһɾ͵ظɱʬݸеʾڡЩûз˽ԱӸؼеͷҲνʾڣװ
һʱ֮䣬㶫ʡӹݿʼֲɱտʼӿЩзݲ˽˷׷׳ӣû˸ϴ࿹⡣
ٲֱǮ۵ˣֹٸֻ½ϴ֪ǹٸȱˮʦԭǾͺǸˣΪҪˡ


831 
ԭ˽ͬкܶ࣬һྺȻ̫ߡ
ںˣٸ½ϣ˷һ˽Щͬв඼ܵ˲̶ͬȵĴޱǮЩбǮ˾ˡ
ǾͶںϣŹٸɷ辢ȥͿԺúõش׬һʡ
ǣһֱȣ˿аˣ½ϵļ˽жûһ˿˼һЩ˿ʼСȾףʱԽã־Խ٣׬Ҳࡣ
ôҲûеģΪ㶫ˮӪʲôһٸôȥȵһ죬Ҳʼ˽Ҳ¡ôײײЩ˽СοЩˮӪ棬вǮʱжҲ֪ͨ
ǣû뵽ٸȻӸˮʦˮʦǺķ転֣֥죬һ°Щغϵ˽ݵ˸һɶ
ʱʼ½Ϻȫм˽жȫλ˽
ϼ˽жΧʡݵ˽Ϊ˼𺳡ںĸ㽭ʡв˾ת˺ö
£ﴫͥÿյļ˽ɹв˾תڴһ磬͵ղԯ˹Ļ֮͵ӽǰ
жһʼʱսܷʢ˰ٴǴЩɹпһЩ˿
ӽЩ˱Ԥ˽Ҫٺöࡣڼ˽жУжж˽ԷߵĿԺСˣֻȵõ֪ͨˡ
ӽЦЦȫԤϵУҲЩֻս
˰ٴ֪ӽ˵սʲôΪѾһΡ˰ٴҲֻǸ˹ѶѣȫǿԼôõģֻİȫѡ
һգӽڿв˾תȻ֣֥֣֥ܵǰ
ӽһ֣֥ںϼ˽ôôܻˣ֣֥ѾǱϵټֵ֣֥ˡ
һ棬ӽ֣֥ˣ
֣֥ԭǸԼ飬û磬ֻһߵȴˡ
ĩǻĩȥˣĻŴԼҪһҡ֣֥Ͼͻش
ӽ˵ͷǾѾˡžͿ֣֥Ҳô
֣֥һۣϾӽںϼ˽ʱһ˽ӵĴϡҪ˽˽ӣǾܾӵȥˡ²֪ǷҪ׷ţʾ¡
ӽһҲΪʲôҪҴ⸽ĺҲҴĺдĵطڴɷ˭ֻҪдɣһɶҪá
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˼ںʹĹϵƣǵĴˮʦѧõ̹٣¾Ҳ˵Ľ̹١ˣͲ֪˶ûǶá
ӽһʱˡΪرСЩ˸һȵ뷨ڴ֣һ֮£֣֥Ҳ߿һˡ
ǣһŭ⣬֣֥˱ӻôˣֻҪڴڣ٣ȫҪܴɷԼ
֣֥ӽѵƨһеˣֻǺһ£ȴԼһ㡣
֣֥˹ˣӽ˵֮󣬱廰ѵڶΪҴЧ֮ˣڰŻ˵פ׷˽ӣǷý£
ӽһ΢һãΪҴЧˣҴжӦĽʹʩЩˣȻҪͰŵ˷ֿһһǶؼһǣҪһ㣬ڴûȨҪôؼһɷµĹˣҪô͸ҹûеѡ񡣡
˵ֶ֣֥֮ʽӷסŸۿڣ˴˽ӴӺѡ
ǣĩ֣֥ʱǸԥӦֱᡣ
ӽתͷ˰ٴ㴫ɽ֪أ˰ŵ½·ͬʱҪˡаߣ˽ͬ
ǣ˰ٴҲӦû˿ԥ
˳ãӽа룺ֲ壬·ĸҷɷ֮ڷ
ԼպɽؼݡӽһȻŭղԯתɽءҪǰȥ˻췴ɣ


832 
˰ٴһæȰɵû¾ڣȥɽأ˷裬»Σա½飬ڹݣɽɣ
ӽˣȴҡҡͷش˰ٴɽѾȥǼȻѾ˵ûôһ£϶ٴεġֻȥ²Żи
үҪܶȥĹλߣ˵Ҳύ˳
ڳҲӽİΣһ
û˵꣬ͱӽˣ˲ôһû˱Ҹδսβܰʧ͡
ӽ⻰һ˵ûȰˡΪ˵⻰ûܷˡ
ǣӽڵոɽء
ʵһ취ںͰ˳ͻʱҲСʧȡʤǾΧǣֱӶ˰˵ĳԺöȣջʤҲ϶ǴһУĹԱùֻʱ̫ԴҶûᡣ
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ԭΪ˹ǰˣȻǰɵӭӵ˹ʱȴֻļʮˣ˹ԭĻѡ
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ӽҡҡͷЦŶɽԸˣ趯ôҲ̫ˡ
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뵽ɽ͸ǵǣҲԾذֵ֮ɫϡ
ӽһͶ˵ȥһ˰ţˡٲ˽Ӻͱӻ˽ӵˣһΪȫŵ˶˱ӻ˽ӣԸ
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㲻òģٸǣʱˣͲٽˡӽɫתΪ࣬Ըɽ
֣ɽûа취ֻȥһ˰ˡ
ӽ߳ʱ޾ʡӣֽס˵ֻһŷС֮ľҴѡͼıǺҴó׵ǮƶѣΪһ˽棬Ҵ˺ġ˺ҲΣҴĵطҪţô
ɽһҲȥˡֲȰζð˼ȥԾ˼죬һҪʱ͹뿪ǡ
뷨ɽ㲻ٷֱͦţöȥ
ȥӽߵĹ˰ٴֽҪѸľٵһЩɣ
ӽҡҡͷЦŶԹ˰ٴû£ǰѾɽص۶ţиƾͳɡԸˣþӣֻǵ̬ȣûɡ
ӽôţù˰ٴֻεطԼ뷨ȴĽչ
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˰ٴ˳ڻӽȫĿǣԽԽǵģ˰ٴʵ̲ס׼ٴȰһΡ
Ȱ֮ǰǳ˺ãѲһõķ֮󣬱öȥ˹
˭ûߵã洫ҴҵؽŲһæͷɽѺ˻ˣ
ʲôѺˣ˰ٴһʵ
ЦŵͷǣҴɫˣڡ
ãȥúţȥ˰ٴһϲæԸһתöȥ
˺ãֹȻյںŲ衣˰ٴ֮ȻͬԤơ
ɽѺ˽Ӻͱӻ˽ӵ˻ˣڴúš˰ٴһرȭ
ӽһҲæԾɰв豭Ĳˮ꣬վԹ˰ٴ˵ߣȥá
һ˹Ӻתɽ͸ͬеһæӭӡ
ӽԭɽŵǸλ֮ʱɽæ¹Ѵ˽Ӻͱӻ˽ӵˣ˵İܶʿ·¹ǰ
ɽһ˵꣬ϵһæòǺĺ˵С˰ܶʿ·ݼղˣףү彡⣡


833 ðܶĳƺ
ܶҴ͢δܶİܶӽŵµʿ·ʵ
ʿ·һ㶣̧ͷղ˹һԼšб׹ǹүˬ֮ǰ飬Լ鷳ˡ
ǣǣæ͵үϢŭܶ˼ܶפŽӵ˼ǰطܶ
ƺᣬΪѰŵ˵ֳأҴҲ׷ʧˣĵðܶĳƺӽɫÿһ㣬ɺǿӲ
ɽŹͱ˵̬ƣܶȰһ䣬˵ֲ˵ֻܰԸż
ʿ·ûɽǰ㣬˹̫Ҫзӡֻ΢ºһֺõػشүøģС˾͸ġֻСޱ֪ʲôã
ӽҲһ㶣ԭֻƴ̶ҪΪˣֱ˵ˡûʿ·Լȡ֣һʱҲ֪ȡʲôá
һתһЩ飬˵Ժܶ͸Ϊ£ٳְܶĳƺ
лүʿ·ںֵı仯ģץͱ⡣
ӽԭʿ·һһδΰӣ˴һƣľ硣
ʿ·ôҲȲѡ
Դһδ۹ֱӹϽ֮ԭİ»Ͼûжˡ
ΪӻڰԼУ֮Уʿ·ĵλȨƵõ
ΣǱҪΪȥ㹻С»ȨʱҪôʿ·ȨʱҲô
ĿǰУóһͷҲвٵ˿Ƶ˽⡣
ûĸձ˽ܳͷʱ򣬻Ծȥ˰ڳ˽ͷ֮󣬸ǻǧټƵȥ˽
Ȼڽڴץ˽ӣɳ˽УźʹѺõĹϵץϣһֱ֡
ǵ˽ס˸ۿڣǸɽ֪Ҫ˵ʱҲľô˽ȥԺ˭˽ɻġ
ûеץסЩ˽ӣ£ֻҪϣţٸκβǡ
˻һǱҪʱЩҪЮ糷ڴˮʦѧõĽ̹٣˵ҪϺʲôʲô֮ġͷĿаգٸЭ
ûϵղ󳼾Ȼǳ飬ӹֱɽء̬ȷǳǿӲȻͲЭ
Щ˵ҪвǸղʱֱӱʿ·ˡ
͸Щûӵͬ飬ղ󳼲ԭЩԱԱȵġȻѾ̬ȣأҪٴˡ
֪˭Ĳ֪һʢһʱĵ۹˭ô֪¾սжǿ󲻣֪
һйղ󳼵¼ɵʦʿ·˵ÿڳͷĿԽɫԽԵò԰ס
ʿ·˵֮һͷĿǿƳŷղû¾ô˽ľӶǾ򽻵Щӣʲôµģ
ʿ·һֱĿˮ絽˵ϣغؼĲ¾㲻֪¾ҲλղôֻҪղԸ⣬ƽʱҲܱΪʨӡǻʹ⣬ǻڰţòҪŭλղ
˵֮ûǿλղķ׷һǵĻʵۣҲλղ㶮
ʿ·ʮ㣬ûѹؿĽ̺ͽЩ˵ͷĿЩ˽ӣٴӱһЩµ˼ӻԱ
Щʿ·Ȼ˹һһֻҪ̬˹ŹǾͳˡ
ӽʿ·ӣҲüˣͶ˵˴ε飬ҲϣеڶΣô
ףףСסʿ·ͷһ˳ӡ
ӽʱɫŻָƽһʿ·˵Ҵʵļ˽ʵзǳĺô
ʿ·⻰ϲɻ󣬾ͼ͵˽ʢУôЩ˽Ӿͻ˽ȥƷȹԭռͻо˵˽ǵ׺ûǲã
ʿ·һ˼ĽǶ̫ˡôһ˽ʧȻΪռó׶ࡣ
뵽æֺõ˵ü˽Ӧúݺݵؼ˽
ӽϺȻ¶һּıóʽ΢Цֻʿ·˵ȻҲ֧Ҵļ˽жôһССҪ󡣡


834 ˽ɹ
ʿ·һɫһ䡣ү֪ͬǼٵģҪԼӻ˽ӵ˰ɣԼзݲӻİ
뵽Ͱ͵ػش⡭⣬뽲
ںϼ˽ֻ㣬ûϵļ˽ΧҴͣڰŵĿս뵽˽жΣ
ӽҪһ˵ʿ·˿ԭǽͬ飬Ǿͺá
үС˲ҲӡսпգС˻ûȥʿ·æӦȨ޻ûﵽ鶼ĳ̶ȣҪȥһ²У˲ȷսĿ
ӽȻҲƣֻǵͷͬ˽ǵĺôҸղѾ˵ˡжսУΪ˽Ϳˡ
С˲ңС˾Ϊʿ·һæ̬
ѾˣӽҲͲĥߴˣֱӷԸãȻȥɡ
ʿ·һи˽ᡣմٳڣֿһͷ󣬲Ż泯ӽ˳á
ɽ֪ڱĿ̣ǳ׷ˡ
˹ֻǶƤӣ˽˽ӣӻ˽ӵҲˡȻľЩ˲ӻ˽ӵˡ˼˭ȥأ
ڵã˹˳ŻҲսںϼ˽ν򣬲˽Σǿ˼˽
ĿǰĴҲֻ˹Ȿ£ĳз֮ġ
ӽû뵽һߵɽʱжԼѾǾ֮ģ糤֮ˮϲƺӷһʰ
Ըɽȥ֣رǰңٷŸۿˡ
¹ɽسöȥ
û뵽˾Ȼô˵ȷʵҴƵĹˣһֻЩˣ̲סӽп
ӽˣЦҡҡͷǿɲǣЩ˺֮ǰĺʵһҴǿǾͳҴСǾͻڴϺаԵлᣬȥĻܿкöΪС衣
֮Щ˲Ųڹǰ¶ǵıԡ˰ٴҲипһ߸һ
ӽˣЦ˵ԸЩģҪһִһźܲǲŻԹΪá
һͬй˰ٴ˼ģˣʵҲҪһִһźܲźʹô
ӽɽûȶʱ䣬֣֥ʿ·ǰŵʱˡ
ʿ·㱨һܳս
ӽҲսֱ֣֥ͳ찲սҪһϵļ˽Χ߼˽̶ȣ㶫ʡΧڵ˽ΪС
սһһ֣֥ġظ˹˱֤
һ鶼ףӽ㲻ɽˡڴջص˹ݵв˾ţල˽Ľչв˾ת
Լٹ˰£ԹصҲãֳƿҲաϴĳù㶫ʡ˽Ϊ֮Ŀǰ˵ˡ
в˾ҲʼתڵĻؾصŶӵȺв˾飬˰ƾ֤
ӽвһΨˣܷӳͨͬ͢˰ڲͬƷס뷷ȥƷӴҪĻڣʳ
һգв˾Ű칫Ȼͨ˵ʦмݴ
֪ʲô£æȡݣϸϸһ˿вûͻȻðĻϢֻһЩķ
һǾӪѾ˴󲿷ݷǹѾӾ˺ˣ㶫
ڶɳӺǰƹĵɡԲݵ˾İš
ҲɳʹߣǰƹʡЩ˾ˮ·ĺôǿˮ·˾ȥĲƸʵʩӽǸ
ڷֺƴ֮ҲѾڸ׸֣ɽ˾ԼһĴ
ʵ֪ӽܲ˽磬Ҳڼ˼򵥽ܡ
Ŀѧɾͣڴٳ죨磩֮ơ˺עһĿʡƴо顣
ڼݵ󣬳ʵۻ˳飬ʾӽһ·ǰ㶫˲ٺöϣӽٶ෢һЩ
飬ڻȥֻܵһٰ֮ӽķ͸Ӱũ
ӽ֮׼ʵд£פտĽָ֪ͬǰ


835 տ
տѾȨͳﶫǵ飬ǱںеĽԵף̽鱨ҽֺˮʹȵȡ
ڱƽ²ոɹ֮󣬳˷⽨֮⣬ⶫǵΪҪˡ
ˣӽһ֮£һæӼտĽУξ
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ǰȥŴһµϴжһ䣬Ȼ˼в˾ﴫͥ
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ﴫͥʱڣӽѾһͷ˵һѴϴΪϴǲ״̬ദ迨˽ٶ԰յɲӰ졣
⣬һһڲϴв˾ĳ漩˽ȴиô
¹ףġﴫͥæ̬
ϴ֮в˾˰սڽߡﴫͥԤԼÿΪ͢״˰رֲũĸ˰ʱԼǰ̱Ȼ塣
ˣӽ˵ﴫͥԼ棬ҲŬõġ
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ǣﴫͥһݣæص֪˵⻰˼˵˽ǾͻῪʼץ˽ӵĻϰ壬ͺܻܿкܶԱˡ
ڶ£ҲǺҪġʦһݷǹˣ׼в˾ͶԼͬÿһ֧ݷǹȥҪȷϵǼǡ
ӽ˵ڶﴫͥһתһ룬æʾ֪ݷǹɲ䱸˽
֮ǰʱӽѾ֪˽װСﴫͥҪҲǺһ£Ͷﴫͥ˵Щݷǹ;ģûġӼ˽ѡһѵΪرжʹãͿ䱸ݷǹ
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ڵл֮ﴫͥ˵ݷǹûָʾҪ˭ģղŹŸԼв˾ȡݷǹˡ
ǣæʾݷǹҪ˭
ڲݷǹķţȫȨҸһڹʱһݷŹͳһǼǹеһʱ䣬һ߳͢ͻ˹ʵһΣǧҪʧ
¹ﴫͥæӦӽԸҪԡ
ʱʱ֡ӽ㲻ڹݵˣǰտֻԼʮװӣ˵ܳġ
ﴫͥĿ˹Ҵȥвɵðơ֪տʲô飬Ȼùż
ӽż·Ϊ뿪ݵʱ̫ò·ЪϢһ
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ŵĽУξ˹һ˲ûǰտǣ߶ȥ
һ·ϣ˲ࡣȵһСɽ֮ͨߵС·͸ѵһӰˡ
ٽߵһɽ£һС壬һԶĴ󺣶ȥ
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Ǵط֪ͬڡУξָǴׯ԰ӽܵ
ӽǴׯ԰оͳֺӵӰпĻ档Χ˽˱ڣȼӾŮˡ
УξעǴڣΪеô⴦ڣæ͵ԭǽĲҵΪ㺣ϵ˹ϵɧŵ֪ͬ˾ѡ
ӽֻǵͷȻǱ߸ȥһ·ϣ㽶ŽϵпɫƤعϹ顣
ӽû˼;Υķ羰ܿׯ԰ڡ
Уξǰͷ·ӽȥΧŵĳ˹׷¾
Ÿ߽ţͼָ֪ͬ´ҴҸӭӡɹ۲֪ͨˡ
񣬾ͱӽֹˣֻʵٸ˵˵еĽԵ׷ǲѣòҪá
Ҳ֣һãʾ˵
վͥԺȷʵ˵ĵطӽԴǰĴá
һãͷʵǻ͵Ĵá
ǽϹһ޴ĶǵͼһǽһֺͼұһŴӣڷһɳ̡
Ȼ֮ô˵Ҳ˹
ӽһȥҲλֱӾ񣬵㱨


836 ر
һ˹ƣ˼ӽǰʱĽӴֺϷͱ֣ʳȡҴݷǹϷϴҪЭ֮ʱ˳֣ϳ۾𡣡
ϼܱ֣ϣȲҷľе˹ˡ⻹һԭ򣬾ҷָҪʳȴκֵǮĶɡ
˵ⲹϷҲһˣ˵еȻҪʳҲȱ⼸֮£ͳ⡣
ӽüͷ˴֣ǴΪѡϴ뽭һܵĽѵҡ
һ£˵˵º˵ľ
սٽҪϿƵĸۿڡȻͨĴʿɽ޵Ϊмˣȡϵ֪ϼ֮ʱ˽󡣡
˵Źߵֺͼǰһϸָźʾ¡
Ȼż㱨ʱǱߵĽǧںΣдɽ޵£ܹΪʱ
ӽһںǱ߻ɱһʿаǺȥȻóԭ˵ֶΣ˵㡣ûãʵϧˡ
ʵɱжҲûЧԭʷϣ޵¾ʹԽϹ֣˽ֺԭʹõૺͺ֡ڵãͲܳˡ
ȻˣĽλ棬Ͳ֪ˡ
ӽ㱨ϢٴȷϵǾ˵ڽֺսһֻ
Ǳ߷Ϣȷʵͣۿڡ˹ߵǷɳ̴ָĸۿģ˵
ӽɳû˵ֻ顣һ˵Լ뵽ķ¹Ϊúڽֺ£úеĽԵףȥ˵ս
˵֮ӽȴľ
ӽûоĽֻۣһڽںеԵΣ
¶ۣҲû취ֻ˳ӽش붫ǵĺһʮʵǿĺа˸Ե˸жУֻɴͷĿֻˡ
ӽһ£ǶҡҡͷҸղŵĻúеĽԵף򲻵Ѳܶ鲻ɣҲͬ
˵֮󣬿ϵɻͲʣ֪Լû˵ɣͲ
ǣӽͶ͵֮ô˵ϵóĽۡ
ҡһæ̬
ӽı̬һԵ׵ʵǿ֧ȥ˵ս᲻ȥ֪㺣ȥˣɲɹҲ֪һҪɹˣԺĺôж٣֪ں˵㣬ԵҪǱֵû»ᱻġ
ڶҴôںв֣ȥԵף۵ǣǽֺһطڽֺ֮ϱ¶Ҵ˵Ҳܲ㡣
˹渵ͣ΢΢ͷͬʱüͷҲ
ӽ˵֮ɵʵýԵ׵Ļ˻һֱӰ콻ֺϡҴڽֺıǺã
ӽǴɳ̵ĸۿģͣû˵һȻʵ˵սһֱͣô
˵ָ֮һɳ̡
ǵģ˺ҲͼıֺǲǼ򵥵ʽ׾ߡˣһֱͣû뿪˼æش
ӽһ˫һģãˡ
ôӽɢڴڵĻ˹
кߣüͷһɣϲʵ
ӽЦЦߵ£Ȼ̧ͷԸ˵㴫Ϣ·еĽԵף·ڶǸʳҲãҲգùܣֻҪܸ㵽ʳȡݷǹͻڡ
ڴŹ˵ô˵ߣûȴôһоͷһ¿տյģҪѪ
ͬʱ˹˵Ҳܲף̲סʵΪΣ
ӽһָͷһʳȻѾӹرգΪһӵرҲǺõġ
ӽһָڶҴǹеڣڶǵǿǰѶǸԽңҴԽ
ӽһָýԵͨεʳеλĺΪҴ񡣡


837 ˳
⡭ôҴôһʱûףɵʵ
ӽ֣ЦŶ˵ȻǺҴֱӽףим˵ġ
мˣԴðһʺš
ӽͷ϶صԣмˣպôһλмˣúỳɵǴٸϡ
˭̲ס׷ʵ
֣֥
һ㶣û˵֡³֣֥йϵ
ӽҲʣʼˣ֣֥֣֥ĵܵܣһǰǺϰ͸гĶԹ֣֥ΪˮӪرʽսв˾ֱϽ
һͷᷢһʾ˶֪ҷǳӺϵļ˽Ϊ֣֥䱸ݷǹʽڡôһԭĺԵ׽Ӵͳ˿ܡ
Ǻܷ㣬֣֥ͨʶмٵһ֣Ӻ׵İȫСֻҪһγɹ֮󣬺ͻŽ׵İȫԶȥȻֵ֣֥ԼǷҪȥһмˣʲôмˡ
˹ôͣͷлðһʣӽ֣֥Ҫʳ᲻ᱻɣ
ӽһЦҡҡͷɶңֻҪܳɾ˵˵Ǳͨʳʹе͢Ҳ˵˶ʳܽеôһ֣֥м˿˵ʳףԼҲȫ
֮ôֻҪм׬һʶѡб£֣֥ܿʹҲԣȻҡ
һȷʵԡֺ͸ղ˹֮ǰ˵Ļеͻӽ˵֣֥ǵеģֱʳмԲˡ⡭
ӽЦЦ߽һҲϺΨͼıԡ
ʱһУξŶ˲ҲѾ⣬ͷһߡӽ͵ûп˵ϲˣ뺣
ţ÷Ҭ֭ôһʣþûǶˡӽЦţȹһˮȻҪ
ԼЦҲЦˣæУС
һᣬӽĻǣÿ˶Ҭ֭ԭζҬ֭ܶ౱ĻȲϰߣȴȵúܡ
ˣ¶ӣӽµǺ˵飬Ƿǵ֣֥Ľǰȥ֮
ԣҾ˼ӽ͵ص˵ͷ϶Ĳ롣
Ȼתͷ˰ٴٵֵ֣֥ǵʽսǰտͬʱҲԸ֪ˣʲô׼
ûһᣬһۿ⴦ׯ԰ʻݷȥ
ڴڣȴʣӽ̵¹º˵Ķ̫죬ǵĻ϶ѾӸֺϣƽֺĿǰֵľ档Ǻã
ӽˣվߵֺͼǰŵͼϱעŽֺϱĽս̬ƣһ²Żشûϵڱ֣ϵĵ̹ϷϾ˺˵ĻҲô֣ϡ
ڶǵĻѾˣȵ֮󣬾Ϻ֣ϽףҴΪ
Ϊһ⻰̲סʡ
ӽĿӽֺͼջתͷ˵ԣ˵ĻֻǻǹҲԶֻѡҴݷǹһ࣬Ȼ˺˵Ļǹ֣Σͷף̧߼۸񣬻֣ϸˬ콻ס
ӽû˵ʱ򣬾Ѿеĺôͷʾͬ
ӽ˵֮󣬻ٴζԹ˰ٴɸǰȥѺݷǹĸˣҪٶ㶫ݷǹʱ䣬һʱڡݷǹ˹㶫֮Ȳףȴ·ϵӰ˽ֺ֡
ǣ˰ٴڱ˶ʱҲݷǹ˵㶫ҪԣϾȥˡ
һӽ˼·ӽתͷʱ˵İŵȵ˱֣֥ĽӴֿ֮԰Ǳߵĳ֣֥ϷϳԵݷǹĿͷ֮ٸ߼ݷǹǡǷôţ
ӽЦŵͷȷԣ˼·ղ˵Ķһ뷨ϸмϸڡ֣֥֮ٽв䡣⽻ֺľƣһҪǴƿ֮С
ǣ־Ӧ
˳ᢣʤǧ֮⣬Ӱһҵ˥ܡ飬һ˵еǳгɾ͸УȻҲ⡣


838 ʳΣʼ
ӽտ⴦ׯ԰˴ҵʱ䣬ֵ֣֥ܾʹӹݸϹˡ
֣֥һӽ˷ܵ˵ʲôʱԳֺ
ӽӣ֪֣֥϶ǹҵӴ󽢶ӵ¡˻ᣬ˳ȥȻ˷ˡ
Цҡͷ˵¾˵
֣֥һе㲻˼Ͻˣôǣ͹ԹԵӽָʾ֮ǰ鶨ķ
ʵҲܹ֣֥ĶҪ֪֮ǰĽӣ֣֥Ŭ˰뱲ӣþֶΣӵеıǮû뵽ȴϺһѣںϡ
֣֥ôǹ𣬲гһԼԶ֣˱
ֻ֮󣬾һֱɼӴڳ͢˵ԵɺϣԼŬڳҲÿȴһֱûж콢ӣݺảϵĻᡣ
˹ôһᣬȻϲ⣬쳣ˡ
ҲϽˣ˵ķ֮󣬸ԼһЩ飬ʵһЩ޸ġ
֮ǰʱ֣Ҫˡ
֣֥ȻɫֱӽʾӵĲڹݵʱѾˣ²˳٣ĩ½ֺƻ£
ӽԭɫֵ֣֥ܵһٳԼҪҹӽҲû
֣֥Ӧãһ·Сģݱ
ĩǡ֣֥ͬԼ󣬱㱧ȭ˵
˵֣֥֮ͺ֣֥һ𣬰߳öȥ
ӽ֣֥߳ȥǹƣһ·Լı֣ɵ޵ǷɻƵıɫ
һ;Ľ߻ԹĻ΢ʡûУΪԼйΪ²Чľ֣֥ľࡣ
ˣ񸽺ӽݺả϶꣬͵ϮȻܿ顣
տʼӽĹעصתƵ˽ֺϡйؽֺս֣ÿձп촬͵ׯ԰
ӽϣֺս֣Ϊṩ˻ͻȻ֮սϣ˽֡
ֺˮʪġˣṩĻǹܵƺܴ͸˱֣һĻᣬȻӮϷϣҲһͿء
˫սƣ֣ϿʼżˡԿڻ͸Ϊӵдݷǹ
ΪˣͷټˣҪṩݷǹǮʳȽֻݷǹҪ㵽
ӽƳ֮ǰȥݷǹͣǼӿٶȣϵݡ
˹˭Ҳݷǹҹ̵ѺͣӽԤڵִ˹ݣӵв˾С
ӽʱ䣬òʱ򣬱һݷǹȥֺȻ󾲴ֺƵı仯
ȴĹУĵһʳϵĺ˵ֹݡ
Щʳ֣֥ϵ棬ͬʱҲ֮С
֣֥ʶˣôҲȥ֣֥ţΪΣٶԻرգҪߵöˡ
յһʳ֮ӽʡԤ֣Ϸʳȥɶõʳת˽ʡһһٶȡ
ЩȻҲûʧõ˳ŵеǹеȻȽ٣ȴܼǿǵ֮ǰظ֤ܿʳ
һʼ֮󣬺ͻ˳ӽʱ˿ʳˡ
û죬ֺ֣ϻݷǹʳҲѾ˴ڣʳĿͶˡǰϹأýķʽ
Դ˿ʼǵʳʼڽļڣϪԴԴϵغһ㣬ͣ
ǵľƣŴĲ룬ҲʼùĪ⡣
ڶȥռ˱ˣ˵㲻ˡ
ǰЩ컹˳ͷգۼܱǹݺݵҧһڣԭֵܵͻȻһҹ֮Ҳܵǹ
ǵУ˵һʼռƣʱţʼеĺϰռǱʼư
ļڣҳһšһߣĵطսơ
ȻЩǺˡ
ֺսֱֳ仯Ϣ֮󲻵£֣֥㴫Ϣ
賿֮ʣûͻϮķʽɹȼսսӣϵĽֺ˶ûӦʱ򣬾ͽս
ˣֺ֣֥ϷҪ󣬴ĵˣԶϰѰϵĺ˽ǺʹΪС


839 Ұ
֣֥ǿֲȻպԥذѰϲٵĺ˽˳
Ϊ뱱֣սֵı仯ʶֻдݷǹܶԿ֣еݷǹϲòýѺյ£˽Ҫ
ǧںǱߺ֣֥߿ʼ˫ɣɲͬ⵽ǿͬٱֳ߼۵ݷǹ˼һʼԸ׵Ŀ
ӽôϲֺ֮ƿ֮С˵߾;ʱŶˡ
ӽ֣֥˵֮գ׵ȥȺ֣֥ӡ
֣֥λʹм£ӽں߿űĴ󺣣˼ǧ
ûľ֣ԼĲŬ֮£ڲಹ©ˮĵطѾƤδܳһʱڣٳû壬Ҳԭʷϵźˡ
ԼԭֻһլУУɳΪһָ㽭ɽֵĴ˹ջҲν
ԼڴʵԼҪ飬ջ˷ӡšӡλӽ̲סűĴ󺣺Ұڡ
ӽĻŹͻĺѾľˣԼø͸
ǲӽ΢΢졣Ҳʲô裬ֻùĪ⡣
ʱǸ֣֥ʹȻָźϵһ򣬴ˣˡ
ӽһ˳ָķ򿴹ȥȻԼԼ񿴵д
ǣӽһ죬˰ٴæԶŵС
ͨԶӽؿԶϵĽ
ǽӵԶԶֹ֣֥սսϵģҲϴˡ
ǰӭ˴·ľ֣֥ʽսǵĺ棬ǴСһĺʮ֮ࡣ
ؾԽԽӽҲͿøһᣬɵþϲôˣ
ͷûдԶôϲ̲סʵ˭ˣ
ӽûзԶԶȴǻشǵػˣ
أ˸ǲ⣬˭ôû˵ӣһȽҪ
˰ٴļԺãǰʱӽ˵ʣȷϵǳʹŷ޵ϼͻˣ
ԣҶ̲ס뿴ʲôջˣӽʱŷԶݸԼתͷԹ˰ٴ˵
˰ٴûӽôԵúֻܵǻӦӽǽϾ͹ˣһܼ
ˣϼͳʹŷ޵ҪԺҪ壬Ȼûӽü
ӽҲǣԿԶԽԽĴˡ
ɽ仰ʵҲáȻͿˣɻǵ˴Űʱ֮󣬽ӲȻ϶Сӽ
ȿǺ֣֥ѿڴˣȻӭлϲ֮࣬һϰӽݼĩʹɽֺ񡣡
ãããҺ⣡˵ӽ޵ϵҲˣЩҶд·ʦ빦
֣֥һиǻϲһ˳ӵվһǫػص֮ͣĩġ
֮ǵûӦ飬æ˵ֺϻݷǹʳǱߵĴϣʮһ֮ࡣ
˵ָ֮ºϡӽͷٴα֣֥
ĩ̻ʱ򣬸պ˳ʹŷ޹ָ֣֥ѾԽԽСӽ˵
ӽͷעеСϡ
ϼ;СϣݼӽŰ˴ӵŵˣҲǸпǧ
Լھʦλ˺˾֮ı䡣˹ְԶʶһȫͬڴ硣
֮󣬷Ǹݺảϵİ֣֥ȴѶԳ͢жλ˸ǳ羴֡
ҲǴ֣֥ĿУϼ˽⵽˴ڹڵơû뵽ԼĶȻ˼һֱ޲ߵĽ²ƽ˱Ŀսûһܼ
ԼʶǺˮʦǿ󣬻浣Ĵĺ̫ȴ·մʤ̹Ĵˮʦ
֣֥ĿУ֪͢չˮʦڴʽսԼܺܿ쿴ӴĽˡϼڼʶŷڶར֮󣬵ŵڷ
Сһϼ;ʹýɳ̲ϣ߼ӭ߹ӽڵأһ߼˵¹ϼͰݼ˹
ӽϲϼˣһȦƤɹúܺڣȴܺá
ˡӽ˫һ߷һ˵


840 ϼ͹
ϼվȻ鼤ӽ¹ٲУչķԸŷ޸תһȦһ鼮⻹ع;׷һǰ
ӽһϲüң˵ããȻĹ֮ϲ
ϼҲЦЦ΢еź˵˵ԭĹһγˣһȾߣˡ
ӽһЦݲɵͣסˡæϼ͵δŷ޻ĴϣȾô
ϼ飬Ҳ֪شûУз˶ȥˡ
ǸʱںϺУȾ˲Ϊ˷ֹȾˣòˡֻСûжռ룬ͺпܻˡ
ӽ룬ǷԸǽãǴŷ޻ˣ֮ȫҪԡ¿㣬ٸסʮ£û˵
ǣϼе㲻ΪȻԸֻˡ
һߵĹ˰ٴӽϼ͵ĶԻ۾Ϳϼͣʼ´
˰죬ʼδϼаļ󣬾ûнһ˵
Ưʮв˶ɳ̲ߡںƯôãޱȵؿ½ءں̲ڽ̸ĶǴû˸ұԹǵʱ䡣
ӽȴע⵽˺̲ϲ֣֥֮ԸŽǰв˾ҸղŵĻ߹ߴ飬Ҳܿعݡ
ǣ֣֥æӦ
ûãӾ𺽣ݶȥӽɳ̲ĿͽԶȥ֮󣬲Żصׯ԰
һصׯ԰˰ٴ˶ǡӽһһ㶣׹ɵЦָָ˰ٴȻҲԣϴˡ
ǵѾ㶨ֻҪʱ̹עƵķչƿضǵľƲƫԤھͿˡҪӽɽָ֪ͬڸͿˡ
ˣӽԶǵÿҾƺʹµעһ֮󣬱ڵ뿪ׯ԰عв˾ˡ
֮ԼŻȥǼǹϼŷ޵ļţʲô鼮Щʲô
صڹв˾ŵղԯ֮ӽټв˾ﴫͥѯ˼˽ݷǹõĴ֮󣬱㴫ϼ͹ȥ
ӽ͵Ĵڣ£Ų裬졣
ӽϼ͵鼮Щͳƺô
ع鼮ڻĺоͳƳˡѧ鼮࣬вٵ𡢿ġ·鼮඼Щ͡ϸɺˣĿ
ϼϵ飬һ˵һߴгһֽ˫һ߹Ļתݸ˹
ӽһĻϲӵ֮չͼʱͷˡ
Щкܶ඼ֱģиʲô֮࣬ԭӽ뿴ûϤ˼ˡ
ӽ滹װźܸ˵ӣһ߷еֽһ޵ܺãܺá
Ѿ⣬ȥ롣Ȳ֮ԼȥĿ
ϼͼԼǧĶܹӣҲο
ԼװʱˣӽͰеֽݸڳСպá
ȻӽתͷϼִͣεʵЩͳô
عͳƣÿ˾óʲôͳ֮С¹ٹƣٻҪʱ䡣ϼͲתӽش
ͷԼϼ;ͽ˵Щ漰˺ܶҵǴΪŷޱȽӣҲࡣ¹پҴһŷҪ㣬¹ٵ͸¶Ϣʱ򣬾ҪЩ
úܺáӽͷϼ͵
¹ٸġϼͱӽûоٳ΢е죬æǫ
ӽȤһŷޣǱô
¹پڵŷޣелսʱһ๥ûһһͳĵ۹ϼͽػش
ӽش֪
ǣӽͻһʽʵ˵˵ŷ޸ӡ̵Ķɣʲô˵͵ǺĶѡ
ӽĻһֱڱŹλ˵ĶԻһʳ⣬һ±øΪ񣬶ϼͣ׼Զĵطʲôһط
ϼ͵ۣǶֻϼͻشŷ޸¹ٵӡ󣬾Ҳ


841 
ϼԼ˵֮ⷬ󣬼Χ˶ܲӣб΢΢е㡣ȻԼϣˡ
˹ôԾϼ΢΢еʧ
ôӽʳ˻ڴѾõ⡣
ϼʹһ˿ӣŷ޸壬ͨգһ֮лϴ裬ɢų
΢еڳһʧԼŲô
޷һ굽ͷϴ裬ɢųζô
ĻϼҲ˵ҲһһԾΪԱȴûоٳѬաְȻ͸ûشڳ⣬ʧ֮ĸо
ֻϼ΢ЦŻشڳȻŵõȻǴ˽ۣȴڵסζŷһֶϣҲȫڵס
ҹҲ⵹ڽϣжšϼ˵ֲһѾһЩˣ˵ʮǰ
ڳ˻ϼҲòشһߵ̲סҲʵЩӶвôûλôһ˰磡
ϼһתͷ͵ΪϴͲú˵ǰɹŷʱһ˿ڵ˺ˣΪ˲úϴ裬Ϊһͳһֱ
ֵ˰ٴԾʵ
ڹ˰ٴͷϼҲڣĵػشǳƺΪȾԷǳʼߡھʲôû֪ˡ
ǲ֪ӽ˵ġǽ͵ߣһϸȾͨ顢֮Ķҧĭ֮ĿȾ
ϼӽŵڽܺɵúǲ죬û뵽Ϥ
ӽĻȴļʶ㲩Ѿ̼ľˣûϼֲֳ졣
ӽĻȴһȻʧЦֻӽ˵ŷΪ˷ֹúϴ裬Ҳеġ룬һ굽ͷϴ裬ϸжһף顢ҧô
ǰһᣬźȻЦǱĳЦˡϵ۹顢Ӷҧ⣬⻹൱ڴſһ㡣
ϼҲЦһᣬžͺܿЦݣе㵣ĵӽҺҴûгֹҪһеĻηΣ
ҪǱ˵⻰Ļڳ϶Ҫһѻ졣ϼʹֻһʲô֮
ʷϣڴˣһ൱󡣸պԳ򱱾ǵʱ򱬷سǵʿһ⣬߶ءƾԳɵũ빥³Ǽıǣ治ܡ
Գɵӽ뱱ǣҲߣΪǱڣûϱ
䱬ʱȴĺ忪սʱ򣬵ԳɵľһͿأûһ˿ֱֿ֮ӹְѱø塣
õǰԳɾӵĽѵûϽ뱱ǣפ˺ܳһʱ䡣򶬼¶ȵĽͣºʧձȡ˱ʡ
йЩ飬ӽǰʱͳʵ˵Ҳˣʦǰ͸Ϊɾࡣ
ȻӽûбҪǰЩ˵Щ飬ֻǻشϼ͵ûкܺõİ취ܸκֻԤͷֹ̫ҽԺרоͨϸĲҽΡ
ϼˣ΢΢ġȻҴ֪Ⱦ;ŷǾ޴Ĵʡ
ӽҲǼ棬ΪǰЩ˶Դ˸Ϊתƻ˵ŷ˻ָŮ֮Ҹ㣿
ϼʵָһекö鸾͵ǴһкöһҲƽ顣
˵ˣϼҲ͸͵˵ǣǵһЩݵŮˣмá¹پΪ֪֮߳£ָ
Ļʲôһ̲סֲ廰
ڴ˿˿жŮˣŮжˣǾԲ̵ģ϶ҪΪ֮С
û뵽ϼ˵Ȼָѵи鲻ɣ
ֻϼҡͷ̾ϢǷϰߵĲɣŷ޵ᣬϲ顣ʲôӢŮڻ֮ʱҲǱ
ʲô飿ֵӽԾˡ飬û˵ֻǵúʸŮⱩķףձ֮ǿǸĵġѲⱩϰߣŷޣ
ϼͼ˹Ҳ˳ԾĵйҲ֪ˣ϶صͷΪ˱鷿Уñ¶鷿ԸԼ̺ӣȥι


842 ϼ͵Ĳ
ڵû뵽ŷ޾Ȼ˲֪߳ܵķףǳ֮Ϊģһ㶼Ϊ
ϼͻһתȴ˵һŷȻкܶطҴҲвٵطҴҪһЩ
ʲô˵ĻбҴõĵطڳһŵʵ
˰ٴǱȽ侲ûϼͽͣͻشڳǰĺսʲôҪҴһЩ
ӹɵ飬ĺûĵĴҲûǵĴܵÿ졣ÿ궼ҪĹڣкĴھһӣзɻڵȵȡ
ڳֻΪľȻ˵֪࣬ܣѾֱӴҰˣ˵ԭʼ˵״̬ôһʶȻʶؾôܻеطȴá
˰ٴôһ˵ڳҲˣûзֻе޷޲ƽصߣҲôһ㳤ˡ˽죬δؾͱҴˡ
˭֪ϼҡҡͷȻӽ˵ʵ˵ڳãвٵطȷʵҪҴѧϰġ֮ǰ¹ٳʹȷʵбҪ
ڳһ䲻ȴҲûз˵ãȻô
ӽȴ֪ģϼ˵Ҳǰȥŷ޳ʹˡ
ͷͬԼ˵ϼ;ͼ˵ŷѾʼģװһֲûȼĻǹ¹ٹ֧͢оơ
ڳ̲סˣɵò廰˵˵ÿݷǹ
ϼһе졣ּΧһ˶Ц⣬֡ʵصͷȷʵʯ֮ΪݷǹҲʡô֪ģݱ˽⣬һģûϴǹŷıҲſʼģװѡ
ڳѵ泩̲סЦڹǰȻ⣬ǺܿסЦݣشϼ͵ݷǹ뷨ñִ̾ͽ²ս²ս˷ǳá
ϼһתͷ˹΢ţȻǼΪԾ
ӽû˿ɫ飬ڴԽĺ˵ֻſ촽һ¶ѡ
ȴҲȤϼ˵ŷ޴ݷǹ
ǣϼʹӦһȥȡݷǹˡ
һӽǰͰ֧ݷǹдԲݷǹҪŷ޵ݷǹһأҴݷǹ䱸˴̵ŷ޵ûС
Ҳʵ飬ӽһŷݷṇ̀һŵڳԺظϼܽʲôʻûҴݷǹһ̣
˵⻰ǿ˵㣬ݷǹԶĵݷǹȴǿԿ϶ġ
Ҵݷǹ̾ȻôԶϼһľݣȻݷǹϣԼóۡɵڳ˵ʱȴֺǳԾ
ڱ˰죬ϼ˵Щ·Ļ̲סҲʲôһֽݷǹ̸ҪԶö࣡
ϼͷ·ʶʽģۿųɡO͡
ϼӣڳ㣬ҫⶼҼҹĵӣñִ̾ѡ
ӽԼĻһһ͵أϼ߱µ˵Ҫɾ֮һˡвǺģЦŴЩûʲôٹʱ䣬Ŀ϶ܴҴõݷǹӶܷƳ
ϼһ֮ǰ˵ÿ϶ʵԹ֮𣬲˵о֮̾࣬͡
˭֪ڳ·𲻷ſ˵ҴĻڣľͷƲˡ⿴ҴڵԶᡣҪУҲǵҴС
ϼͱŽĻڣ֪Ļڶģĵĳˡûڳⷬ˵ݱ˻ȥ
ˣڳ˵֮ϼͱס˲˵ڶʱ
ӽһ΢Цϼͼ˵ŷ޵ļţرŷ˵ĳ
ϼûôŵİգԼ뿪ˣм䵽׷˶飬Ǻ˵ˡ
ǣСظԼ˽⣬ʼ˵ÿһû˵ԼΡ
Ȼϼ˵һڳ˾ܲһ̶̵ڣԭĵĵطвѾ׷ѾԽġ
Ҳȷʵдģڳһʽս֮ǰսٶȸ졣ʵһ΢ĶǼǷ
ӽ󣬸ϼܽȥһ˻Ƿǳֵõģ˽ĿǰľҶҴڵĿƼʵвٵĲ䡣ڹ󣬾ͷؾʦһС
ǣϼӦشͬʱﰵԾҪú˽顣
ʱſڼһֱö


843 ؾ
ʦ˰ӼһͲΰһãæ
ӽһһλվ˰Ӽ϶ǳ˴£ӽһһٳ
ϼӽվʱҲѸվһעšӣֳˡҲǽţ֪ԼʲôϢ
˰ٴѴߵǰùݣתʸ˹
ӽ¾Ͱļȡ˳ٶչ󣬾һĿʮеؿ
ڳȻŹ飬Բ²ʲôݡǵҲûΪк¡ΪǸڹߣ飬Ѿöˣһȫǻ¡
˭֪ȴһӽſһ£͹Цôе˶˿Цôģ㲻ǻˡ
֮Ҳʲôþʦð˰ӼϢ
ڳһʱ뵽ѵǷˣ˸˫̥룬־ú񲻿ܡ˫̥Ҳó͢ð˰ӼϲѶ
кϲ£ڳԼϹһͨû³ɶ̲סˡ
ӽסЦȴϲԴ˷ܵ˵Ƴˣţ˵ʵ͵
ӽĻӽȥζоҲӽ˵йǰˣϢҲ¶˿ĵЦݡ
ΨȥطϼһãȻ֪Ϊ⡰ôƳɹĸأ
˺ϼ̲סʵӶоԼĹªţʹơ
ӽתͷϼͣЦŽ͵һֽתΪеܵװáԺҴĿƼʵֽʼڷˣ
ϼһĺߣ͵ûнͣһ㶼Ϳˡ
˰ٴȻϼ͵ĸܣϼٴη֮ǰӽ⼱ݵ˼ǣ
Ҿʦôʹӽ˵ŰѼݵݸ˰ٴȻַԸ׼һ̻ؾ
ðڻȥܸڷ֮ǰϵڳҲĻϲ˵Ϊļˣ͢Ȼûиǡ
ԣ㲻źʱŰ档ӽҲ˷ܵ˵
㶫鶼Ѿ˳ˣڻȥҲж⡣
ӽϼһɻӣЦŶ˵㵽˾ʦʲôˡǴڻ߻еطŷˣܿͽȫ泬Խǡ
˵֮ҲٹϼˣתͷԸ֣֥ǰҡ
ϼû취ֻõȵ˾ʦٰ֮ʽ⿪ˡڼҪæȸˡ
ûжã֣֥ʹҴҸӽһ֣֥Ͷ˵һҪϻؾʦҪڹݣһЩ顣
ǣ֣֥֮࣬æӦ
ӽֵһָ֣֥˵һҪЭü˽ⷽ棬ľΪḻڰ벻˽֮ʢС
֣֥пЦ˵Լ˽ŵǳϤԼǰ˽˽˽ˡ
ӽû֣֥뷨һָͷڶǱùͨǰ
㵹û⣬֣֥Ϊ˲Ϲ˵ֻǵͷ
ָ֪ͬǱһЩ飬Ҫ㾡˿¹ػܣҲκô
ӽ˵ʱɫתΪˡʹ֣֥һݣæشģĩס
ӽõͷɫֺͻ֣֥˵ģʡͶǵˮҪ˽⡣ȳ͢齨ˮʦ֮Ҳ϶齨Ϸˮʦп붫ǵһսʱһƼͳˮʦ
֣֥ôϲæػشĩһ
ӽ֣Ͽҵض֣֥˵ɻƣúŬڴĺʷʷģ
˵֮󣬱֣֥뿪ˡΪвҪûʱٺ̸֣֥ġ
Ҳţ֣֥ѾߵһȥһЩǰ顣
ӽټﴫͥܶȹ㶫Ҫŵĸ߼ԱһһԸù㶫ߵĹһֱæҹ鶼లˡ
ڶһ磬ӽ񿺷ܵ뿪˹ݣʱ·̻ؾʦȥ
ʱ֣ӽڻص˾ʦžʦߴĳǽҰ֮ʱ̲סΪ֮ġԼ뿪˴֪꣬ԼСӻƤƤöˣ滹ôڶкŮ


844 ǵ
ӽ֮Ĵϣָ˾Ļʥʹá
Ļڣڸ׸ʡʼоԺԺ΢Ӧǡоˡ
ʵ۵ӽ֮󣬱ЦʵϢΣ
л΢΢лؼЪϢھѾܺˡӽһش
ʵЦҡҡͷʦһˣ޽ü޵ʳΣʹչһһϵеҲԽҪǲܲˣʦ£ʦ۵ˣǾ̫ˡ
ʵ˵÷ȤĻڵλӶЦ
ҲͬУ˹ɲۻˣûһȷķӦ뵽һʣǵҫŴеķ
Ծգʵ۾ԹʦôʹȽϺãϾ̫߰øֻڵϲС
ǴĹֹģȻ۲ˡ
ӽڼϢʱѾ顣ʵ𣬾ϻش£м뷨
ţʦ˵ʵǷϻˣʵۻϵ˵
ӽ˵ôṩĶӦõܶ෽档Ҳ˵Ӧ÷ǳ㷺˵ǸиҵҪˣй棬顣
˵ǲ˶档ֵһָһҪ֯Ա뾡취ĿǰĴɱǳҪΨռӦãֳֵ
ʦ˵ǣôڶأʵ۵ͷʵ
ӽڶָ˵ڶзֹͣҪоĽĽٸĽֻԭʼʵͻԸĽĵطһҪĽ
˹һ˵ԭ԰Ķо˲еԼˡ
˵ڼ۸񰺹ڵϡΪĿǰ˵ΪҪ飬һִĸĽ
ӽ˵ͷ֣ʵ۷ִڷ಻㡣ִзôӴ˴ĴֻڷսҪöࡣӴ֮󣬴ȥѧϰǵķ֮ϣǴ¡
ʵмԴ½ϵ˵ľƱʦ֮עתôһִĺԶĵ֡óʵô˲һֱԵǡ
ڽɻ˺˵սҴʼ֮󣬳ʵ۶ٶһ㡣ɲôĵսȴĺõ㣬ֻķơ
ֲһˣʦ˵ִԶʤڷ緫ִǴĴóʵôأ
½ؽͨߵĸĽ֮󣬽ἫĸƴĽͨͷоԺṩ˼·𳵡ţˣȻȴǱҪġ
ڿѧ֪̽ʹأɵò廰ӽΪ𳵡
ҲǺ棬ӽ͡
ӽЦЦת͵𳵾൱ڵĴҲһڣǿɡҲˡ
ֻһڵĻ𳵣ֶڸı;ҪôӴ󡣡
Ҳ˵ǱҪģзˡӽܽ
ʵ೵ĻˣԴĽͨı佫Ӱ졣߾£Ӫٶȵˣž˷ܵ˵ããʦз𳵡
ţԺĻΪ㣬⽫ĴٽҵķչߴյˮƽҲž˷Լĺ룬΢Цؿ˹
ӽǶôˣ̲סˮ𳵺ִҪзҪٵʱ䣬һܸ㶨ġ
ʦֲϣеʱʵһΪ⣬Ц˵
ʺȴڳ棬еҲִ֪ܲܿưԺϣĻ𳵵ܵʢ
Ļңԭеķǲɵӽ˵õиҵô;ô


845 
ӽһ֪ǱϾ䲻٣߹ĵطҲࡣ
ЩӸӵʹߴˮĶͿṩũ󾮵ȵȵطǰˮҡѹ궫Ҳ桭
ӽ˵ȻԳʵ˵£ֵ̾ĺܶ鶼ṩɣܼӿеĴ졣
ڴһƿǾеԼľҪȫ䱸һҪң̾ĿǰĲԶԶ
ʵһͷ¼е֪ˡⶫǵЩʳȥĻ֪ҪǮ
þеȥеóʵÿͶЦʦǻ˵ûʵ̫ˡ
ȻʵҲ֪Ҫ⣬ͱѾ߶˼ԼҪ߶˵ľΨвϵз
йʶʵΪѵ֮һഫȻⶼǺˡ
ӽ˾֮ԭЩӣ۽ǿӦڡ֪ḻҲд칤ͶԷǵкöطǿġй㣬ƽʱ΢֪Ӧв١
Ӧһǫ鼸䣬Ǳ߷Ǿʩˡ
ʵ濴ĻлǺидȻʿȾ˸Ϊһ㣬ܶôϽʿɾߣʤܶʿǰ΢ӦǣɶɶѲӦѡˡ
𺳵Ļ˹ˣھָĸ;δҪһЩʲô飬Ҳһһ
ӽЩ飬ڲ֪ˣֻܹΪ·ǹ˵Ҳû¡
֪ӽˣʵۣԽӱӺԽʦֻҪʦڣ·Դ̤ǰ
ҲˣʵǿӽĲԣǻʶ
Ļ˾Ļ⣬˰졣Ȼ϶ӽѡ
ɢᣬһȺΧæˡڵĸڣ乤ķ乤ָӵָӵȵȡ
ڹʮӣһϲѶ˾ʦǧϵıֻȳ͢Ժ
ʵ۴ϲ֮࣬˹ǰȥۿԺ
ӽҲڵϿĸˣֳǧϵıʱǱˡ
֮ıɴˣǺεΰĳɾ͡ӽһ߿ţһ߲ΪԼԺ
ǧϵı˳ԺʽʹáʵҲǣаգû˸೯͢ϣǰձġ
ͬʱƺʽսҲʮԽȫǿ齨һ֧ӴĽˡ
Ļڵһ飬йչۡ
£ĿǰǧϱһʽսʮİսʮСܼһʮ
ʵкϲʽĽˣ׵ˮأ
Ļе˶ڹעףǧϱӽ
ر£ʽսΪսսˮˮʦѧý޺ıԱսˮǸˮӪеľбԱѵλϻشʵ۵
ʵ˵ͷк⣬׼⽢ӳͿ졣
Ǵõĸеأӽĵ
תͷ˹ػش̾ǱҲԤڶװսˡ
Ҳ˵֧ӵһжѾˡôʣµľֻһˡ
ʵҲ⣬Ϊһʼʱ򣬾Ѿ˵ġֻʵ˵ȻѾ¾㱸޾ӦԪһνͳ죬λΪΣ
Щ˿վǰ˹ȻһشҲ˼
ó͢ĵˮʦͳ죬ҪбµģҲӦԪڼǰ͢Ϳʼˮʦͳ췽ˣⱱӵˮʦһͳѡȻͲʲô顣
һʾͳ˵ĵˣ£ӲŸճ˵ɱϾ³ģδ֪
Ļ˵ʵҲǴǵģ˶΢΢ͷ
⽨֮£ѾǼϡһⶳ֮Ŀǰ޽ĴͲȻܼªҲܲһ֡˳˼ǣҪʼʵʩ⽨֮١
˵⻰˼ǣһ޽Ͳ㣬һ߿ʼ⽨ڳĹȻ᲻ͬ⣬ֲȥ
ˣӱҪ߱ɿսΪ⽨ʮһˣ䣬ӵѵδ
˵һѻ׳⡣


846 ȡԱ
ʵ˵ȷʵǸ⡣
ʱȣӱ괺ҾҪʼʵʩ񡣵Ǹ齨ĽӣǴˣǵһ齨ôӴĽӡ
⽢ӵĺСսȵݣȻˮоģĥϻǱġйһ㣬˰ʵ۶һѵʶ
ʮһˣѾʺϽӽϰĥϡ
ĻΪʱӽȴֻʵ˵£һ飬ܽӵĥ⣬˳ŻӰ顣
ʵһϲæʵʦʲô飬콲
ʺ׵Ҳ˹֪ʲô⡣˼һ
ֻӽʵ£ӼȻڱΪԭ޷ĥϡôȥϷĥϣͿˡ˳Щ飬ﵽһٶõĿġ
ȥϷĥ뷨ҲûԶȥĥϣɱͻ߲٣˲û
˹˵ĿĿԴɣô߳ɱĥҲͿԿˡ
Ļڵÿ˶˹˵һ׼ﰵҪ˵ĿģǷֵø߳ɱ
ӽ֪Լ˵Ļʹõ˺ܶ뷨ֻǼ˵ԱϺУһĥһ｢֮ʹҴغĺӴܡȥĺԽ࣬ҴغԽ̫ƽԽҡ
ӽ˵ʵ۵Ͼ¶˻ĵЦݡԽңʰоֽԽס
Щ̲ӵĺţɱñӰǶ˺ˡ
ӽ˵ˣ˹˼ñһֱӱϵ˺ô
ӽתʣЦҡҡͷǣֻ˳֮ٶѡ
£˾ͲˣʵǱӵĿĳĥ֮⣬ʲô
ӽ΢΢һЦ̨֪塭ڴԱк̾ᣬｨлءӵĿģǰǼܻһҴĵˣҪ֮ԱҲһط֣ҴĹϽҲֻ֮꣬֯ǨƵԱ
ʵˣͷȻʺϽĥϣȴԴԱΪĿ꣬ǰȥˣ˳űȺӶǡһ·ȥȵ񷵺֮ʱսȻѾĥϵòˡ
뵽ʵ۵İãΪãλûĻ޾ּñӶˣ
ʵ۶Ѿȷ̬ˣֻҪشϵ˭ȥԡĻȺ飬˱ӵ顣
æ飬ʵ۾һȽϼֵҪʼ⽨ǵһΡǰ;Σڷ˵Ǹδ֪;Ĳû޽ƣĵĽӳûһжѵ㡣޵ûзԸ߳һ֪λΪأ
ȷʵһзˣҪĪС˭֪һڳȥζǶҩ
ˣĻڰû˻شʵ۵⡣
λкΰ취˵⽨һ£Ͳһˣʵüͷ΢ŵµĳ˵
ӽʵһѡģʵʣȲæŷ뿴ǷʲôԼõѡ߷ϾԼҲûʮȥ˵ˣһȥз
׿ңͬŶͷڿ˼̧ͷǰһʵ£óǸ׼ãǿС
ʵһвǺ⡣ҪȥǿȥǺ¡ʵۻǵͷû취ôϾǿĻ»𷴵ͲǺȥ͢ǿǣ»˵͢ʧƽϵơ
˼ǣбķĻͲһûа취á
λɻкν飿ʵۻϣʵ
ˣҲ߳һ£Ҫ÷ĸԸصһǰץεķӡһ͢Ͳᱻָʧƽץεֻϵù
ʵۻǲ⣬ҡͷ˵˷ͬϷҲ׵֮ߡ
ʺγ֪ʵҲǺܺã벻İ취
һᣬû˵ˣʵ۾Ϳ˵һԸȥķһͷԡλΪأ
ȥϵ顣ͷõĻδػƵϲͷȥðգͷصĻ͢Ҳδõó
ˣʵ˵֮ûӦ
ӽվ˵£߿˵һλԸһǰެ


847 ٻ
Ŷʦָλʵһɫһϲӽʵ
ʵҲ˹ȥ֪˹λаգ
ӽڵ˶עԼ³ֵ
һ֮£ʵۺʵ˶еȻĸоȷʵлԸһǰĻĪ
ҪԸһǰȥⲢס˳ʵϴϵˣͷʦȥһΣ
һ⻰ӽͺˡ˰ٲӾ⼸죬Լȥ˺ϣǰϻҲ϶Ǵ˰ٲӡ
£ȷʥּȥλԸǰȥûУһ˺Σӽʵ۴
һߵһ뽨ǱߵʥֱּɹȥһԥĻȰ˵Ͳߵڶˡ
û˵ʵǶӽһۣȻеȻʵǰҪٲˣ
ӽͷ΢еЦŻشǡ
һͰԼ뷨ˣûп˵
ʵصͷȻˣͰʦ˵İɡ
ʵǳϲӽӼ˵Ʒ£Ϊһ˵ܣʹӽӼˣġ
óʵû뵽ǣһɢᣬͨ·ʥּûзȥӽ˽ϲˣ˵һ̥
ʵһҲӽˣϴʹ͡ź͵ģһѶѯӽǷȥһ˺ϡ
ӽȻǺ⣬һֱǵԼԺг˵ĻҲΪҺڣΪ˶Եʵ۵ΣΪ˶ԵԽַ˼飬Ӧһˡ
뾩ʦǺԶӽ˼ʱϵĿĵء
һڣӽͷ˺ܶࡣӣϰա
ӽȥһϢõϢȻӽϣЩ񣬶Ѿ׼һǰˡ
ӽйǻ˲˼ͨվô࣬ѡγľʿҲ١
ȵʱѵȺӽӭ˽ȥ
ʥּ֮ӽˡеԥӽʵԸǰȥô
ӽһҡҡͷش¹Ҳ֪Ҳûô췴ʦġ
ǲ֪ǱߴּģǷѫףٴʵ
ӽҡҡͷشǣ͵¹ּķѫס
ӽֱԲʵǳ͢˼ùµһǰ
ûϵӽҡҡͷشûС
ġԭΪԼԤϵ׼ȷûǷ񶨵Ĵ𸴣һ²֪ʲô˼ˡ
ϾǱֻͨʹԼȴǴȨƵ˹ǰּҪû棬š
ֻӽ΢΢һЦ¹Ը£µġ
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ӽΣ¹ٺҲʶˡ֮ǰʱǰеķ֮ʱҲæһ㣬¹٣϶ġ
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һʵԸһǰ֮£
¹Ȼʴ¹پ˼ӽ˳־˸ƨȥ
Դƨߣֻ΢üͷ˵ȥĻ;Ĳªв֪ϸĻ񣬱δ֪һȥǲװɣ
˵֮˿˹Ļ˵ЩҲе˻ȥͷΪ˵öʵ顣
˰ٴ˾͵ûҲûֻԼְ
ӽ֮ȴЦ˶˹ȥЩ
Ц⣿ѵ˵Щ⣬˵ĲɣӽЦС֮΢е㲻ʵ
ӽѾûЦˣȻ΢ЦȻشûУ˵öԡ¹ٻ±֤ǰһ£ʵѿܻԶԶֹЩ
ӽôһ˵֪Ĺ˰ٴͲˡ֪ȰһȥҪһȥˣ
ҲӽͿˣ͵˹ģ䵽Ǻ⣿


848 Ϊ¡
ֻӽһ䣬úƵλӢۺܣĳɾƾյģλûоžŰʮһĥѣŵģ
˹ôһ˵ȻееԭͲһƽӹ֮ˣҲŻ֪ǴɣȴȻ֮жˡ
˹ڿ´ʵϣһǰķܻܿǳѡȵģȴһ޴桭
ɵӽӣȫעʵ޴棿
ǰȻǾ޴棡ӽȻصͷ
һϲæ˵̹¡
ӽҪ˵⻰һ˵֮Ҳ󣬵λڱķأԸλܵõΪ׼һȷķͲ֮ǳ͢Ĺ涨ˣһȥķʵػѡ
ˣеԥҲ֪²֪ô󣬵ʲôطΪáܲȰѱܸ飬֮ٶɣ
˵ɵӽ֪Ҫ˵ϤĻǰλĪ
ӽԼкʲô˼ǣӽҲֱӸ˵ʵҲܱ鱱΢һ㣬֪һطǾԷǳõġ
ʲôһطһæʵ׷һȵȡţתͷ⺰ˣ
һӦ룬Ը
ȥѹ±ĵͼϸԸ
һźȻĸ˲öϸ˵ָ֪ʲôͼûһᣬͰѵͼ˹չһߡ
վߵͼϺ󣬲ӽ˵ָһ
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ԼӦǾʫʣʶ®ɽĿֻԵڴɽСΪҪ档
ֿ֮ӽһϿҵ̵֪Ƿָһ
ӽͷһָȺһ¹ټǵƽԭģط֡ҴĳɣΣ¹ûȥԡ
Ⱥӣ´ڵĳ¶Աȡа϶ֻҪˮõΪڶϣ
ӽڸղŵĻش𣬲ǷǳȷеԲͲ˵ʵһѰұõطİ취ڣռݵĵط϶
ӽ˵ʱĻϲšû뵽ôһ⣬ɵ΢΢Ц
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棬Ĵģ⽨һڶʱڳԽ޵
ˣӽش¹ٹƣӮĲ⣬ؼˮ⡣ˣ¹ٽҪע⡣ڱȽأŶŵšϾ֧Ԯ̫Ǻܷ㡣
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ӽķ֮£¶ġ֪ڹȦȥһѡȻҪһѣΪʲôͲһѴģ
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ؾ֮ʱ˸˸һȥʦֻԸ˵㵽˾ʦ֮󣬸Գɽʱ䲻ˣٶѧ㡭


849 
ӽһԳɡ֣оеϤȻ΢һ룬ʧȵԳɣ
˵˹˾ȣɵʵǰԳɾǹ´з˲ţù֮ġ˱ǰȥӪѵΪ֮۰򡣡
˵һܣ¶ϲʵĪھӪֲŹ֮
ڷ˵˲̫ѷˡˣŲòз˲š
ӽȷ˵ԳɣоͿʼ˼붷ˡ
ĵһͷȥԳץһ룬һֻͬأʷϵǸԳɣԼ˽⣬ǽѡûԭʷأԳɲɣ
ԳôڴѾûʷĻ뷭ҲֲҴǿѳɣԳֳʲôҪҲֻǷַӵ顣
οͶ׼ȥôһ˲ڣӦҲȽڱվסŸ
ӽǱţûʻòٴʵĪԳھӪֲ
ӽαһʣѻع΢һ£ȻǻشӦÿԣ¹ٺ˵
ԼĻش¶οЦݡӽ̲סʵ£Գˣ
صضີ֣Ǳ߻ȥϣձ¸˲ţһΪػش
ӽˣаٷ֮ʮȷԳɺܾܿʷϵǸԳɡ
ӽѾˣȥԳɣȥڰɣֻҪ췴ƾʷϲȡĳɾͣһΪ
ԴڵľҪ췴ԳɣҲǾ֮Ͷѡ
ӽһ֮ʣȻȫԳɡԭʷϵıһλϣȴڱʷ˺պΪƹ佫һˡ
ȻˣЩǺ󻰡
ӽ̻ؾ֮ͿʼæµˡԼһϣͽǰ飬Ҫʼ͢ӡԼ׼ҲҪһЩС
иȽͷۣǽףżҿǱߵƤȻú٣۸ȥʹٶ׼һЩ첻
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˵ӽ񣬽ʥּ֮󣬳ʵҲ鷳ڼϢ֮֡
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ʱת˲һգֵۣ˹ʱˡ
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ϰ˵һ꿪ʼս£㻹һ̫ƽʢ԰ҵˡ
ԽԽ뵽յߣиоɹĲϲյҲԽԽá
ˣǶδҲϣһһùʹֶԳͬ͢С
ڳʵ˵Լһȡõĳɾͣʵܱȵġ
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ֶǣƿؽֺƣȴԺ䣬ʰǡ
۱һĸоҲʼ׷׳ɹˡÿһɹΪ͢׬ȡ˴ӣʹù˻ۡ
ʵжԼдһĳɾͣдֽδдꡣһֱվϣֺǺǵؿš
ĹԱҲ񡣴õѸٷչʹҲ档𣬸ǳ֮ĶࡣôһȥֻҪܰϻһ죬Ǯƶˡ
ΪıʹøŵСġһָ꣬һÿԱСϲЦ
һеĴ󹦳˹ӽҲвٵջһ˵Ը˽²ʹûĵʷϣû塣ȻҲͲЩ幬ˡ
Σ˴ʳΣֶǡһҲֺ֣ǵĺϴɱ˵¼
ӽˣҲ˺˹ҵгɣָһ̥ͥг
ܴĸǶȽںֻլЌ˿ӽ˵ջ񲻿ν󡣵Ȼˣһжӽڼ֪ʶȫĸĽ
ΨһеźǣεĹ꣬⣬ž۳Ըҹ
ּ˵ҲʲôΪӦԪˡ
ϲһ꣬Ϳˡ
ڸչ겻ãȻʹʹӽڼеֵͷˡ


850 Ԯ
Ļڣڸ׸ʺͱ֮⣬ڷҲڡ
ʵ֪ӽ˽ڷиܡ
ڵĴٳ˵û˲֪պյ˹ûûܹӽıȥĺôڷȻ½飬ȴҲ˹мӡ
ֻӽܵʹѪҴΪһҪ淪ͷǹڵܡ
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ʱ򻹽һԴΪġӽͲˡ
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ڷͷһ۳ʵۣȻӽҪ󣬿ʼϸµؽ
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֮ܶ˵Ǵһʡ⣬ϾһжѺ
ʮ꣬ڽ¹ĦҾǲɽøǧʿ򣬷²ӹԱһ˳ع
ĦԭΪûи᳼㼪ֳʱıѣĦΪ渶򡰲賥
ʱҲʹǰȣʱĴɶս²ǻȥ⣬ûг
Ħ󣬸÷ǲԱأ磬ƶ˰ҪЮĦɹҪĦԱƷְλ
ֱȥĩз˵һЩ˵ӵĺƴҲǼӦԪӴ󽢶Ӻ󣬱ٴ͵͵ɳʹǰȡ
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ʵ㹻飬Ϊһ˺ƴƵĻʵ˵ȻձðȨ
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˵˹뿪ڵ˼ͼӿٶȣ˵ѶϺ˵ʱȴ֣ⷢһеı󣬾ձڵǲľʹ˷ϺĵأϺ˹ҴĲ㡣
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Ϊһεձڻ˱ȽϴĲΪĦһ󷪣Ҳ֮ǰķɱȡ
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ʵ۱࣬˵һҪģ޵ձβӡܴձ֮ᱬս£޴ʦǰʦԴµĿԼδΪã
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ձϾСսҲǳôġһʽձսĻӮǿ϶ģй㣬ʵۣڳλӣûʲô顣
Ҫʱ䣬ķѶǮԼӮƺ飬ڳľûаˡҲˣǰӽȥ
ӽڣ΢һ룬б˶ۡ


851 ֮
ֻӽʵ£йУҪҴҪҴܵõʲôôΪʵڣҲΪؼġ
ʵһ㶣գգ۾ȻصʦҴķţȻΪԺĸԸҴΪ
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ӽܲµǵʲô뷨תͷڵͬţҲǲķӦ
ǣԴԻʵ˵˾Ƿϴ󡣷Ȩ棬ҪõϿɣҪڵĳԴΪۣ飬γ£ɣ
ʵ۵ͷشӽġ
ӱϿΪȷʵʵϣԭֻںݣԴ˸淪ȨӡǳҲ塣ķǷԭʮظǡڷڳִ˲ƣҪ󳯹
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ӽһ䣬ʴᣬϲ廰˵˹ƫˣҲΪһЩġĳ÷Ҳӣǳʹһ𷢶ս¡
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852 ֮
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ӽʱ˵÷ˣΪĿǰֶξ֮ܣȻֱƽչҴľҪ´ĻܺԼ£ٳ
ʵһе㵣ĵʵʦһ᲻ձķҴսˣ
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˻е㵣ģӽ˵˹ҪһǷأ
ӽˣתͷʣһνصҲûϵҴȣձҷ󣬾ֱں佭ɳϰ´Ļ´¾Ȼҽ˵򲻳е᳼㼪ԳʵľѣԴΪֱӽѵǡ
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ʵӽѶָ뷨Ӧ󣬲ŻصԭĻ⡣
ӦԪʱһһ˵Щѡеĵ˽еĻҪȥۡ
ӦԪ˵֮󣬳ʵ۱˵֮󣬻һˡйش˴ε飬ϸ㽻
ӦԪջãҪ˵ЩƣʥΥͬʱҲĥԼָӼܣ͸ɴӦǣ¡
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ӦԪһߣʵ۾ʵµĳӵЩͺδãλн飿
ԭź⣬޽ͲȥġΪӽ²սУ²Ľ²࣬ѾҪˡ
ˣʵ۲дһʣʲôõĴ÷ڵĳʵۣѾõĴ÷ʽǡꡱһ˽ᣬեȡļֵ
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ˣʵۺʵˣӽ鲻ڳ͢˵ֻһЩѡ˵ȴһĲ䡣ˣͬ顣
û죬Ӫɳ˲ܱͰ棬汱ӳȻͰͲ󣬵ǶԻսȴھӪһġˣǲᣬûȥ뾩רǰ
һЩ֮ǰµӶѿʼջˡɶʦ˽棬һʿԼǰɶ
Ҳ˵Ӿһʱ䣬Ѿ˳ࡣ²ǾӪչֳǿ󣬻෽ȷԣʹε࣬ûгִ⣬˳ˡ


854 
ȻˣڵļɶʦѾʹûбҪɽһˡ
ˣʥּһ£ڻع龩ʦڸθһæµ⽨һ£ɶʦһְӴҲΪʷ
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ټ˿ɽһ֮ǰӦԪʥ˴γľ
˴̨ټ֮ǰһڴֻӦԪʵ£˴˵£賿½ûзȫߣ²ʮܽԱŭ
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ձ˹۸СӣȻǵ˺Ҳ䣬ǱĻӰôãûЧ
ӦԪ̨ţ飺󽢶ͻٽձ˴Ϊ𾪡ݳ۲죬ҴǧϾ޽֮ʱǶŲѡ
ӦԪ˵⻰ʱгԺСӣڵʱӦúձ˵𾪡
˵һ㶼ûӴĽӳڽ֮ʱرǧϵľ޽ձ˶ˮʦǿļ䡣
ʹͨ´Ļձ˸򲻸᳼㼪ԳʾѵɣռҪ´Ļһ
ӦԪ˵˹ؼ̨֮ϵˣʵ۶ţձ˵ǺηӦ
´Ļ˵ܣҲܣھѾеġǸеǳǸǲʹǰʦ
ӦԪ˵ͣסˡ´ĻȻҪʦôδձ͵г͢ɳʵˡ
Ȼ֮ǰʱ򣬳͢ʵѾ鶨ˣҪձˣҪձ
ʵ龭֮󣬱ӦԪȥˡΪ£⽨ݻ׼
ӦԪһ£ʵ۱λ˵λ䣬ձʹһ£δã
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Ⱥʵۿӽ㶼û˵ֻ˹شʵ۵⡣
£ձʹǰǵ̬Σ˳ԶӵǵĳȣǻкηӦӽҲûֱ˵Լ뷨
ʵһЦʦһлᣬͻȥռ˵ıˣϲ
ȻԴҲּãǾʹձʹ߰ɣ
˿ɽһѾΣԴѾ졣һͰ˹أ̬Եü
ʵŹڵϵ˿ɽһɵռܣܻĳΪ֮ձ굨죬ͼռʶҴзǷ֮롣ṩֳѶ䣬ձҴ֮Ĳô
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˿ɽһɻûн꣬ͱӽĻˣǰ飬ҴȻָ֪ν
˿ɽһ΢̧ͷϵ˵֮Ǵպյս˹ǲҵæֽ͵˴ȷʵҼҽ֮СԴ֮ģϺĵ֮£Ҳϴ˳أϺ¼شĻָʹ֮ˡ
ӽִ˿ɽһɵĻãȻˣε飬ĻָʹռˣҲشС
˿ɽһһ̧ͷӽֿʵ۵Ҽҽ֮ºҲ֪˭ڱָʹŭɴ˴εĴһɱȣҼҽ¹ھʧأǲСһ͡Ըӳ޶ʵ۱¸ҼҽһޣԱá
ձʹԼӳ޶ӽͳʵ۲ɵöһۡºˣüڡ
ʵ΢΢ʾ⣬ӽʵôҽѴҪҴۣһ֪ģ
˿ɽһ֪˴γʹ϶̹˹ʣɥʵ߿£֪ձʿڶࡣҼҽΪǿҷֻ߽ǵʵȻСҼҽһֱԽ֪λеıȨ
ʵձʹ߰鶼˵ˣٽʦ˵ձڲӦû˵ѡ
ʷϣ´ĻվǿűչȫӪԼͳΣɢʿײ㣬ȹԼͳΡ
ȻҲǵ´Ļɢʿײ㣬ºܶʿʧҵֳ˵Ļļȷ
Ǳӽˣüëһ뵽һ뷨˿ɽһ˵ҵ飬׽ģ


855 Ӷ
ڸθھվʵ뾩ʦ˸ջ֮󣬶Ƕ˵ӽ˵⻰е㾪ȣӽ֪ʲôӣ
˿ɽһһӽĻ־ϲеʧ̬æʵʲô취
˵֮󣬲ŷԼʧˣæʵ۵һʱʧˣˡ
ʵۺܺӽſھܽձʿײ飬Ҳƽ˿ɽһɵ飬ӽʦȻ⣬ͰһѰɣ޶Ե´Ļ̬ȣǱȽġ
´ĻϵĻڱ飬Ͳô˳ٵĿǰΪֹձĵ´ĻԴǹġ
ӽתͷʵۣӦһǣ¡
˵ŵʱ򣬻ʵգ۾˿ɽһΪӽ˲ûпٶ
ʵһ֪ʦʲô뷨׼ձˡһϲ׼ӽ˵һʲô취ȴǱֲӡ
ֻӽתӣԼ˿ɽһɣ˵ǽͷ۹ڵʿ̫࣬¸·ӵأвҽͳΣɣ
⻰˵ֱף˿ɽһȴû⡣Խֱ׾Խ׶ͷǣǣ
ȻˣǹڵʿͿˣӽ˿ɽһһȷ֮󣬱Ȼ˵
˿ɽһһŴͣ
ĸ߼ĳһɵҲ΢΢ҡͷ˹ôһ⣬Ҫܼ򵥵ɱЩνʿײ㣬ôǵĽҲͷˡ
˿ɽһϷӦ˹ڴתΪЦӽ͵ҪҼҽǿ󵽰ѸشµʿɱҲͲᷢˡҼҽһôСȻս֮С
ԭΪ˹һ⣬û뵽ɱʿ˿ɽһɵкʧתһ룬ȴ־Ȼڴս˵ʲôɱ򵥵أ
˭֪ˣ˶ˣֻӽҡҡͷʲôʱ˵Ҫɱˣһʿײ㣬ɱô
̨һƬ˶˹²֪ʲô˼ˣ
˿ɽһһͰ͵صǡɱôôô٣
ӽ΢΢ҡͷ¶һӲɽ̵̬˿ɽһ˵ǿŶҼ˵Ҵ԰æӶǵʿΪҴͼǹڵĲȶˣ
⡭˿ɽһʧһ飬е⡣
̨ˣʵۺڵˣҲû˵ַӣɵҲ˿ɽһһе⡣
ӽ˿ɽһɣеŵ˵ôǲ⣬ˣҴҲͲƷˣ
˼ҼҽֻҪܽڵʿ϶ġ˿ɽһһϵ
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ڳʹ֮ǰ´ҸӶߵȨ˴󲿷Եİ塣
ǶձھơԵ´Ļ飬İ͸ûˡΪĴ⣬˹⣬ɴر̬
ãȻôг⣬ôͷһЭ͵СӽһͶ˿ɽһ˵
˵֮һ£ֲǹǸҷߣֻҪҽԸ⣬ҴɳЭҽƽѡȻϣҴĻеڱȥƽҲǿԵġ
˿ɽһĻϲæӦ
ʵ֪ӽĿѾɣ˿ɽһȥˡ
˿ɽһһ£̨ϺüӽǼʵȿˣͱû˵ֻһš
ֻʵʵʦҴ˿ڶ࣬䲻ΪλҪǮȥӶձʿΪҴս
ǺǣҪһϸ˵ӽ΢΢һЦȻشʵ۵
ʵһʾһ£ӽ˵


856 ñδ
£Ҵӣξ·ҲԾΪһÿʿĳɱʵԭı׼սһʿ䣬ҲǺܸߵġ˳뷨ҴһЩȱֺõıԴ
ʵӽ˵ɵظĻȱֺã
ӽһͷǵģ¡ձʿרΪ̶˵ְҵʿײľȽϸߣձӲȴܳԿͣձʿɱҴս߿ܻбȽ϶սС
һߵʻв⣬ʵʵ˹ȻˣղҲ˵ˣǴΪȫձɱǻûǮ
ӽתʣϸĽ͵´ˣձȳǿˣԶں⣬û١٣Ҳܷ£ɳһЩбѡϴεĳʳã
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ӽ˵ֻ˫棬ܳá⻰ʱӽ⼸һϵ飬ܶ඼ԭԴ󲿷ֽ鶼֮ʵʩ
뵽¶һ˼飬͵ؿӽ
ʵעһ仰ӽʦ˼ǳҴսķ֮⣬ôɣ
ӽȻصͷȻձڵʿ٣ڵ´ĻͳΣҲǵսǱֻҪձڵʿٵһ̶ȣǾûҴ֮߳ˡ
ʵˣֹӶƶȳִȥ͵ڰձεؿˡ
ʱӽǱ˵ᣬҴʵʩӶƶȣձ˵ǰ´ĻһæҲֵˣͲڼǮϽƽϡ
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һֱĴ£ǡִӱ߹ӻس˶ӽ˵ôɱ߰һ£идԲдһԡ
˵֮˵Ŀת˹ǵѣӶձʿȷʵе㲻ҪȻɷȥģôһְ졣缸껹ڶ²սʱ򣬹Ӷձʿһѡ
ӽԭǼƻӶձʿطһ˵кȻ˸뷨ֱ˵£Ӷձʿ֮£ֱ÷ǮӶһ֣ȷʵڱĵʱ򣬳һ
˵͢ҪǮֻнѡڷڷ⽨飬ʵ۶ͬġ
˳ʵ׼̬ʱӽȴлҪ˵£ʵԭ뷨ձʿΪġ
ŶʵһеԾط
ĹܼһӽĻһ̾ҪǮǮĵط࣬ɲ䣡
ҲѾ˽ӽ֪ô˵϶бȽϲ뷨ȳסȴӽġ
ֻӽ͵»ǵôǱϺҴʿ˵ģñֽ׶ΣǺʵʱ֮ʣɹ˺ձΪҴȥʾȨΪǸ׵ķ
˵ǰʵĸ룬תӣһЦ´˷ģķѹѵġ
ʱһ˵żǵþͺãû˵ˡʱȴַˣ
ǾɹԱĹʻ΢ӽش
ôһھ͸ΪˣĮֻʵñǣǵطʲôãֵ˹ע֣
Ϊһֱ֪ӽǰ˵ǵĺô˲дһʡ
ȷʵӽ˵ʱڣǵ˺塢ʱ򣬴󲿷ֻ˶Ϊռ죬ͼļֵ
ӽʣͿ˳ʵһԣ͵ˣҪ򲻺ãǸʺĵطʵǸطһ۱裬ΪԴԴϵزƸҲԺҴ֮۵Ļ


857 չδ
һΪԾû뵽˹ʲôǵۣȻôߡһ˿ŵ뷨ϾͱԼˡΪ˽˹ǲֳϡ˵ʵϢġ
Ȼӽȴʵ˹Ի֮ļֵ
ΪƬص̺ĶδȻƽҪ󡣡ӽ̨ϵˣǴ߼ĹԱֱԲ
ʵǰʱѾӽ˵һΡҪñǣЩԱȻҲҪ֪ҪԺͱҪԣŻȥ顣
ڳһЩ߼ԱڶϤˣʵ۾Ͷӽ˵ʦͺϸؽ°ɡ
ӽԣͷ˵Ǳо޴ȻʯͣһּȼյĶú̿Ҫȼպܶ౶
֪˹Ҳڸͣв׵ģֱʵⶫȻƽ𻹹أ
ӽ֪µȻǲܻͱȻƽ𻹹Ľۣ΢Цż͵ˣǿһݣͻⶫҪԡ
ӽôһ˵Ѿ֪ĳʵۺʶܹעˣӽôݡ
ֻӽ˵˵רҵĿܸλǳ׶ػ˵λʲôġ
˹㾡˵ǣϷôҲǶ˶飬˶ѧʣʲôġһɤ𣬴ӽ˵
ӽڣеôţԼҲþܾˡ
ǣ˵ǰһΪԴٷչˮΪԴˮƣܳṩҴѾһµĶԴתΪܡ
ӽһ˵ţһע۲졣ֺüˣڵüͷӦڼԼ˵Ļ
кЦҲͣͣͼ˵תΪܵװãǶоȥзɹƼϵؽĳɱδȻ͡ʵϣڶоѾĳɱ˲٣룬ȻڼоС
ӽ˵ʱڲƶǶһЩӣûһʼͳʻ
ʱӽѾӦõķ棬ϲ˵ò֮ǰûΪ֮е𾪡
ӽһӦּ֮˵һ⣬ú̿ȼղתΪܵЧʺܵ͡ȻоһֱЧʣܻ
ˣһֱΪЧʵתװãǲǻǽһƣʯȼձúܸ̿תɶܵȻǿλһ£
ӽ˵ֱһŵķΧôú̿ô࣬Ķֻ൱һͷţʯͺתܵװãֻô󣬾൱һͷţˡôǲȼʯ͵װûãΪռ
̨ϵĹԱǴľӢʿӲ˵ҲǼΪġˣȻӽ˵úܶʶ˵ǵһǻǻӽĻ
ǸӽʾǸȼʯ͵װüӦʱǸееȴ־ò˼顣
ӽ۲ǵɫʱǵֻ벻ûġҪò˼飬˵ôСװУôһó
λȥǸֱɻ˰ɣ룬ֺСװȡôֱɻǲǻɵøߣɵøԶԺ᲻аһ죿
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һңɼ飬ӽ渵֮󣬷·ͽߡܰ죬˶ôļģ
ˣʵۺ֪ӽģͱȱ˸ΪǸʵġ
ΪСЧʸߣֶ֮СӦģʯֶͻΪдʯ͵ĵطһҪռΪҴУ
ӽ˵Ļ֮󣬱ס첻˵˻ЪϢһ¡
ʱкȻжҲһΪʯͶֻʣǮĵҪҪҲȥռˣеѣ
ΪӽݣΪӽһз˼Уʹ̨ϵĴ߼Աû˹Ļ
ڻʳһ⣺Ƿռ˲ɡ˹ûȥǣε֪дʯ͵أ


858 ͷ
ӽѾαƵ⣬˶Ըİ취ֻشڵ˿ʱ±֪
ʵһΣʦҪƨɡֻ˵ʦ˵û֪ʵ
˵֮˵˼Ͳһ¹شĿǰ֮⣬ֻ֪¡
ҲǿЦãʵ۰Ҳ˽ȥֻŵͷ
ˣһΪε׷ʵͷ
˵ҲǣҪϵ飬϶ܵȼҲǷǳߡһԼ׸˵ò֪鱨Դ
ôһӽѾ˵ռ죬ʾȨҪԡЩ̨ϵĴ߼Աʹձɹǰһ£ûˡ
ǣ̨ϵľ͹Ӷձʿ飬һЩϸں󣬱㶨˷񲿺ͱȥʵʩصϸڡ
Ű֮󣬴ӺĶ飬ʦ⣬ǰ
һ·֮ϣ˺ΧۡŮףնУվӱƻ߻
ЩΧ۵˸뷨۵㶼У̲ˣܲġ
һЩʹ˷׷׷ԼĿ͢Ҳǣôź⣬һ
ǰⱳģ̫ˣ

ˣ̲סԴʣ˵ͬ⽨⣬˵Ǻ֮أÿ˶ܷһء
˵Ǳ޾ķȦأڹ涨ʱܶԶضС

һЩԹˣ̲סȷʵ˵ɽأ֮ңһ·Ͽɲףֻºܶ˶
԰˵мݴĺֵֻ֣ħĳûһ·ϣǵþžŰʮһѲɣܻŵģҲ֪ʣ٣

˵һЩ˾ͷǵĿˣ֪͢׼;дͲ㡣൱վÿһضвϢг͢³ıӻˣҲû˵Ӱɣɵı֪Ӵͷܵβֻεڰ·ϡôʮںϡ
ԶԶԣҲ˵ˣսҴмˣǰں̵ܴɶȥˡ
˸Լ⣬ԼϢԼĿϹµģҲһЩʵϢģһЩΪ޿ŵġ
не飬ֻĬĬظ·֪һ죬ڵˡ
вͱȽϴһˣһߣһĴΧľǵУһ˸У֪Լ֮꣬Ƿٻ
ȻҲһЩһˣһ졣ڴܶȥһԴܳΪĹֻҪԼŬҲܳΪǰЩǸΪС
жδ㽵ģȻҲжδֻ̿ġЩ˼ŵԴ֮бõһ죻ֵʵԴɽˮ֮ءЩʱΪԼңʱΪԼǰ;ǡ
ܵ߻Թô룬⽨һͲˣһֱȥ
Ҳڶ֮Уем䡣ʦ֮ʱ֪ͨǰȥʥ
ֻд󳯻ٿʱõĻʼڣ䡢ѫ׶λߡڴ֮ϣݵĳʵۡ
ڵſ֮ʱʵվӭȥǣ֣ߵԤλ֮ϡ
䡢ѫ򶼹ӭߣʱ˿̣ǰӷҲһλԸǰ֮ңıެ֮ġ
Ӱ˵ķ⽨֮ߣıֵĴˡʵۺʹЩ߼ԱжǷǳҲڴ
ʵ֮Ϻ󣬱һع˴ļ̫Ӣ䣬ЩԪѫĲ
ֺչõδȻ·ܻۣǰ;ȷһƬġúøɣļǿܡ
еĵȻҲס֪Լެ벻֧֣Ҳͼųʵۡʱ򣬾棻ÿʱ򣬾ͿʼڵգһֱǢ
ĩ֮󣬳ʵǰȥ̫ڡڱӣξެһж˳˳
󣬳ʵ䡢ѫװͳ˾ʦĿԶȥ
ĸۿͷʮʱ֮Žȥĺ洬ֻΪ֮һա
⽨ʽĻ
ʱһʹ뾩ʦ


859 ɹ
ӽҴٽʹĻ˳ʵۼһڴС
֪£ƣ΢΢Ծ֮󣬱ʳʵ۵£Ǳ籩ˣ
ӽģӦò¡Ϊǳʱ³ʮʽս䵽˻СӵĹģûһ֧ĵĽ֮ȡ
ˣӽֻв²ǴȻп鷳
Ȼϴˣʵҡҡͷǣ˴ټʦɹ֮¡
˵֮ʾڸ׸ʸӽ
˹ճ͢õϢɹֵǰղšλ߶ȥʱУڲͥʼ򵥶Ҫ˵¡
˵֮һϢˣкҴãɹŲԭͷ͵Ӳ䣬ľҲͶһǰһȥ
ʵ۵˵֮󣬱ӽʦԴô
ӽҲܵˣʷѱĵĿȫǣҲ޷ԭʷȥȡҪϢ
һᣬüͷش£ҪϺõԭƣǸɹΪζϣ
飬û֪һʱ˼ž֮С
մžյģȴһֵĶӡ̫жʵۣʵӽ˵ϢȥɹŷżҿڵƤ֮ǰΪ١ƤһֱɹҴó׵ҪʣūΪɹϣߺйء
ӽһͷҲԳʵ˵£ṩϢƲĻǱʲô飬ɹƤԴϣǲŶȥˡ
ҲôһµˡֻʵʵɹԱʲôضɹ˵ĻԴأ
⣬ղŷԵжҲ֪ˡӽмٹɹԱͲӲԵ˰죬˼־òܣɵ΢΢ҡͷ
ʵ۾صעӽ˶̲סʵʦ뵽ʲô
ر£뵽˼־òܡӽش
˶ûһͷôһ˵ʵ۾ֱӷԸʦȲܿܲܣ˵
ʵ۷Ըӽֻ˵õһǽ²֮ǰصϢ֧²һֱӴܣҧ׷֮УӦòڲԱŶԡ
ڸθˣɲ廰ǿɲһ²ϢѾ˺ܾˣ˵Ӵˣ
ʵҲõͷ˵ԻǴڵġ
ӽҡҡͷҲԣ²ıֻһǧңƨɺ滹Ÿôʱ²϶мԱǵıƲ⣬Ӧòɹ嶼
ôһ˵ʵۺڳĴ־˵Ҳɹ嶼еģӦòǽ²
ְһᣬǳʵۿڵʦ㻹뵽ķ
ӽһԥһᣬ˵ճһЩļأʱڼ֮صĶ˹ɱϮʱϵİգȷҾݳ֪һʼʱ򣬶˹ɱҲࡣ˵ӦҲɹ
˵ٲһ֮⣬벻ܵˡ
ʵۺʵˣҲûĥ¡
ڳ˶ûһʲôʵ۱㲻룬ֱӽʦȻˣͲԭĿǰľƣø߶Ҵģ
ӽ⣬֮ǰһֱ뷨ֻֿ̽ԣͻشʵ۵£ΪΪǵĹϵɹŲԭҪҴͼСԸĿģŲԭĿǰľƣǰв֣һиԭί֮֡
ȷʵн򣬺֮䣬һɹŲԭ˵ӿƶ߲ԭǱߣѾͨġߣȴûֱͨڴͼı˵ϰС
ʵۺʵ˲Լͬ뵽㣬˻ɳʵʵʦ㿴βֲԭʹòԭҴͼ
Ļһ䣬һ߸ϽǱѪУӰڽеķ⽨һ¡ˣֺͬһĲã˹вУ
ӽʵҪҲ̫˰ɣôһ뷨ʵҪǲıϵġ
ˣͷʵۻش£պһߣ߿ԲþӾܳɹɹŲԭҴͼ


860 ƽݱ
ʵۺʵڳһӽ˵⣬˵ıѪеķӣɵöΪԾ
ʦкߣ˵ʵæϲ˵
ӽƲʵǸĿǰƣοһЩóġֻشʵ۵ƽݱ䣡
ʲôƽݱ䣿ʵûףæ׷ʵ
ϿǲѪսݱһʣͲ֪ʲô˼ˡҲãҲգӽȴشʵ۵ʻ
ֻӽش£ƽݱǹĶɹŰաȸײˣԸҪΪҴһԱ鸽Ҵɹŷڡ
һеʧ۵˹ش֮£ǿƤӣܹĶǹ鸽Ҵģ
ʵҲ΢΢ͷʵĿǰʦⷨӿ²У
һߵھֱ˵ԼĿˣ߾ͳɹŸ֮ʱֱüɹˡľӣʵǽȣȫд
ˣæҡͷԵײףս£ڱ̫󣬻Ҫ׵Ϊá
׼취֮ʱӽȴǱ΢Ц˵ҷ꣬ƽݱ䵽ваɣ
һӽ˵⻰˽ļ˲ɵôӸղŵʧתΪϲгʵæԶԶԣʦ˵˵ľ
ӽһ˶ԼȴҲŲæؽ⼸ɹ˵ûںҴóףˮƽ˺ܶࡣһЩǳҴݻִ˲ƣ
ɹûһ۲Ŵԣڵͳ졣˵ϵֵȻûˣǸΪʵһɢɳѡ
˵ЩĿǰɹŲԭϿ͹۴ڵʵĻڵдж֪ģû˳ʡ
ӽǱ߼£ʧȥĿǰʽܣȻԹҪָ״̬
ˣüͷһ壬²˹˼ǳ͢óףҴ
ʵһʵĲ²⣬ԼࡣǣҲԼĿףܻܿɹԴԹޣӶԸҴ
ǰ־֮أֱƾʦҲΪԭµõ͢ŵؿ֮󣬲㰲
ȴе֮ˣɤ˵Ǿͻһ仰Ǳǡ
߾ɣ֤˱߾ǰı仯еǿġ
ʲҡͷԷ⽨֮Ϊ󣬲򲻵ѣ¡
ӽЩϲԼ˵ǵĿ׼ȥæ˵ҴɰĿǰó׸ˣǹرձУֻҪǸоƷûôãͿˡ
νɼףѡȻѰָ֮ǰģʽķʱֻҪҴټȷƽݱδؾͲܣ
ʵֻʣһӽˡֻӽæ׷ʵʦʲôɣ
ʺҲֹͣ˵ӽ
£ƶѾ鸽Ҵƶפأ˽Ŀƶ߳Ѿ޽ɡˣҴȫ԰ѱóصбƶ߳ǡ㲻ܵȫȻ顣ӽ΢Цѵ
ʵһżôһ£˵˵úúãʦ˵޶ǿƶˣ
ʺҲͷϽĲԭ壬ӦҪֲŶԡôһδ鸽ĲԭҲ
Ȼˣһ۲ŴԵĲԭ֮ߴľͿȭͷ˵ϧڲ
ӽ˵һɹŸиԵ뷨ʱҴɳɹĽͶֱۣÿƶ˵֮ʿǰȥԭɢ鸽ҴĺôпƶΪĶԭ飬ֿԾͱȽϴˡ߻ʣ̲鸽ģʱԲߣٷֱֻӳǿԵġ
ʵͷӽ˵֮תͷʺڵ˵λ䣬Ϊʦ֮Σ
Ʋ߲ͼӰؿЧڰɹͼ֮£ҲżʵҲͷʾͬ⣬ԣ˵
ǣʵ۱ӽ˵ʦ˲ʵʩɣ
ǣ¡ӽӦһԶңأȻûʲôˡ
ʵתͷԸжڴϣҪϣ
ʵ۲˵жҲҲ˹ĹˣæӦ
˭Ҳû뵽ºɹŲԭִϢʹӽƽݱ֮߱øΪ˳ˡ


861 ±
Ļڣʵۺ˹ԼڸλУɹŴϢ
ֻʵɫ࣬Ⱥ˵ʦϣǶ˹֮Ϊٱ²ôһӣѹɹŲ˴ܡλ̳˶սӲľˡ
ȷʵûгӽϣе⡣ǶȻӴܵʱ򣬻˳ֹɹžӵĺں͸սɹžӴܡ
ڳʵ˵֮󣬱ʾ£żҿɹŸʹĻŻţҴǰԮ¸δã
ʵˣͷҲλǰµԭڡ
˵תͷӽʦɹŲбɹžƸΪ֮Ӱ첻С֪ʦк뷨
иϤµĶͣԭϵľƣȷʵһ¸ñĪˡ
ӽզһôϢһʱûͷͻشʵ۵£һ顣
ʵصͷתͷӡ
ʵüͷ壬ⱱҪˡôһͻ֮ģƱػӰĿǰڽеķ⽨һ¡Ը⿴ģʹǵġ
ڼʵۿʾʵ£»˴󶯸ɸ갡
ʵ΢΢ͷȻʺڡ
ںиԲͬķֹע¡˼ʵѯɤʵ£н²룬Сɲɲܣ
ʵˣҲ΢΢ͷŰת˱顣
һпЦ׸ʹθԼô˵Ǻܺãͷۡ
˰죬£²ȷʵҪ𣬵³͢Ǻڴһսͺڷ⽨һ¡
ʵҲǵͷӦԪıܻ֪ܲʲôʱ֪ʧҲ֪鶼δ֪
ô෪ȴެҲȲӷ֮ϣٴλ
˳͢ò齨ڶ֧ӣ׼껤͵ڶǰֻ㹻ĻԼһȥ
ЩҪ͢һĹĶϣ촬ĲϣĴ䣬ܶ䴬ͻõսжӦˮ֣ˮԼӦľеڵȵȡ˵ҪעҪ̫ˡ
ˣ͢ʵڳ鲻һս¡
ʵһȦӵûһĴ𸴣˸ìܺѣɵüͷ
ʲô˺ͽ²ʲôʱܳ£ƫƫҪڳ͢ûڳʱֳģ
֮£ֻҪϣӽӽǾ˼
Ļһ°ö϶塣
˺һӽ̧ͷ¶һ˿Ц⣬ʵ£˰죬ִ˴Ҵ˵ȴһ£
ӽ⻰һ˵ĻڵļŴ죬°Ͷϡû뵽˹Ȼóôһۣ
ʦ˻ôʵһ֮æ˷ܵ׷ʵ
ӽԵгشʵ۵£ǲͼıԭҪҴͼôɹľʵܳشպǴһ鷳ӶܼӿɹŲԭͼḶ̌
һǶ飬ȷʵǶԴʵۻʦ˺ͽ²ˣҴȷʵǸвǺãɲܲܰ
ӽЦЦҡͷȻҪܣɲڹܡвڴ˵ңԶšмɹΪ壬Ҵʵжڵвɹ˵вʹˣͻʹǲòѡ񡣡
ΪˣҴʱɹͷԸ˺ͽ²෴Ҫڲԭϣɢֻţ˺ͽ²ͬʱƶ߲ԭڴĲ塣
ӽ˵Ѿе˼˵˼ԴΪԱȣòԭףֻй鸽Ҵаȫϣǲ
Ǻǣ´˵üǣӽͷ佱
ʵˣͷôһε¼ȷʵɹŲԭͼˡԴ˵һ±˺£
ȴˣֻ˵һ¸˺ͽ²ԽԽϵԽãԽöԸˣ
ʵһҲͬУɰͷִתӽ׼ôش


862 Ͷǿ
ֻӽųʵۣο·ģԶڼ֮أɹĮ̫ࡣ뽨²֣ܴɹžˡ
ھϽ²Ҳ̫ˡҾݳ֪֧ӶΪɹ֮ǻܣΪûǵı뺷Ѫ
֧ҪҴ¾Ȼֵ˺áһԴܴǵı¾ɹŲбͿԵõȷϡ
ӽϸϸط˫սĶԱȣоݣʹóʵۺڵ׹˫ʵൽΡ
ӽԽˣǣһЩϢƿԲοʹӽˣ֪֪ˡ
ֻڼ˵ʵôһ֧еսĵоڣҴ˵һ¡
ʵۿʼһһ΢΢ͷʱȻӽ˵⻰ȵصǻ£⡭ô
Ҳ˹˵ϡ棬ô˵ǺǺ档
ֻӽͷЦŻشʵ۵£ĥ³÷ԿຮҪҴӲٶȥһֱǿսͱҪսС
˺ͽ²ɵ֧ӣҲû㹻ǿҴ¾ηĳ̶ȡҴ߾ѾɣԳûɳ·Ұսţǰȥս͵һжˡ
£˫Ա˹˵ͬ˷ˣ̬
˴ãս£ּ֤һ֧ǿĵھУȻӽ˵ЩȷʵǱǿıҪʩ
ӽ֮뵽ǴӺϵõ뷨
ͬԼĿͳ΢΢һЦȻʵ˵£˿ຮ֮أʺҴɳӣʳһ£̲
ȵǻƾ˹ִ棬ŮвΪɣǡȻǺܾԺˣʱȲǡ´˱Ȼƴ
һ۶³룬Цŵ˹֪ͺã
ӽ滮ԶһЦʵϣĻڵľԼͬЦ
Ц֮󣬳ʵ˾ܷ˵ãԺҴɹ˺ձΪǰϸ·ҰսΪռءҪ֮£շɹΪҴһӣ
ӽƻڴĿǰصĵķ⽨һ£޶Ӱ졣ټϳʵͬ£ĻҲûзԣͨӽĽ顣
ΪͼıɹŲԭһ£ӽܡҪæ飬ˡ
ӡ֤ԵоĲ²⣬ɢҥԣɿɹҪ鸽֮飬ȥӽΪֻھʦƿȫּɡ
Ľչû̫֮ĵط˺ͽ²ûм¡ԭʼշণľԱ׹֮ǰһЩС忸סѹʽ鸽
Ĵ𸴾Ƿ¿ƶ֮Уܲ⣬ٻ䲿򽨳ǣɴҰսǰƣʵʩɴɹԱܣɹŲеĲ֮ʿΪ
˴ͷɹŲԭϾӵ̾˿ӣϵش鸽
߲ܣͳͳմаӽû뵽ǣ֮ǰͺʹõӲ䣬ûж
ڲԭϵĳرӲľľʹִ̣Ӳ䣬ΪͷΪβ
ȻӲڲ˵ҲҪ鸽ľߣڣʼûù鸽ӲΪ
ȻӽҲͲˡľƸȥĳȥ
ڹ֮ǰļ죬ԭϵһݼݴʦڵ˳ʵ۵İͷ
ʵۺܿҪӣӲľزΣ䲿Ҫ¿ƶ֮鸽Ҵ
˵֮ЦµĳҲЦΪôһԭɹѹ鸽Ҳ˵İͼɹŲԭˡ
ϲ£ϲ£֮׸ʵ۹ϲ
Ҳ׷״Ȥ֮
ʵתͷӽЦ˵û뵽̶̰ʱ䣬ʦȡ˳ɾͣⰡ
ⶼǴĹ£µ壬׽ҪǳΪˣǽʾ֭ɹҲͷӽȻӹ׵ת˹͡
Ļڵһ˹ѳó˵£ɵöЦͶǿǴĿǰơ


863 ѧ
һ죬ˣʵһңҲǼȣȻҹ
ʵӽӰ࣬ǰׯı飬Ǻͺĵعꡣ
͢һһǮҵСҲʢܻʺǸпڵԼҪΪʵ۵·ģ˻ǡ
ҹķʢԱǰʱ׾ݣֱ۵طӦĸơ
ܻʺĵǣʵϵЦݣõ飬Ҳӡ
ʵ۸յǻʱıսսӣֵΪ۹δġһû
뵽ǰѴܻʺɵ͵͵۽飬һ̾
û뵽ʵ۷ˡ¿ӣ΢üͷʵôˣúõôˣ
Ԭˣ̫ȟRһ֪ʲô飬ܻʺ˹ȥ
ܻʺû뵽ᱻ֣еңæشûû£檸ˣ
˵֮󣬿ʵۻǶ¶ɫֻ̹׵ǰˣһԱȣɵúǸп
ܻʺôһ˵һ˶ͬУرǳʵۡһһڰ˵ǰ֮ǰȻõһ죬ûһô죬ôã
˵ʱԺгӽӰӽǷ˼ĳΪĳ֣ıԼˣı˴ˡ
ǰ˵ôһ仰һһԼĹˣ˾ͻᷢתۡ
ǰʵ۵ǴӲ仰йءԼѾΪʵۣѵбԼ˲ɣ
ڣʵ۾;ԺӽĹˡ
뵽ʵ̲ס˵һУʦ
⻰ڳ˵ĹϷ̵ĹŮ̡⼸ǿĺôҲӵܵˡ
ʱ廳пУ˶ͣ˳ԺȣĬĬػ⼸ı仯
˺һᣬܻʺĬաֻȿһԼĴӣȻԳʵ˵£̫꣬ӾѾˣǷó̵ܴ̫ӣ
ʵһе֣ɵ˵޲ʦ̵̫ô
£лһˣĲ̵ܼ̫ӣ˵øáܻʺʵ۲Լ˼ֻ֮ýһϸ˵
ʵһȻصŶʺ˵ʦе֣ʷӼһ㣬д֣Ҳһñ֡
˵֮󣬳ʵֵͷʺ˵Ҳ޵ȻЩҲȷʵвŻŻҴһ޶ġ
̫һۣתͷܻʺ˵ʦ̸ֹ֮䣬ͽ޺̫ܶӣȷЧԣʱ̫ӡ
檶л£ܻʺһæ׼л
ʵһְ˰ڣֹܻʺжЦ˵̫Ҳ޵Ķӣʺֺ񡣡
˭˵飬ֻҪ۹ͼıȨʵҲһˣһԼźи顣
رڵĴʵ۵ĶҲѶ˳·̫ĻӶ⽨⣬ԴλӲӰ죬վԵøǺг
ʵ۵һμӽʱӽҪʦƽʱ̵̫ӣΣ
֮ô˵Ҳûաӽʵ̫֣˵ѧҲԣ˵ûѧֿԡӽ̫ӣʲôһ治ðա
ӽզһһ㶣Ȼ£ȴеʵ۵ϣһھʹӦּһҪ󡣡
ŶʦкҪ󣬾˵ʵӽһڴӦ΢е⣬ӽʲôҪ
ӽ΢Եе㲻Ȼָֻ̹ȻضԳʵ۵ѧˮƽΣ֪ġйؾʷӼ֮ģһɲֻ̡£һЩѧ֪ʶɺã
ӽҪЩʵҲ̣ӵܡ
ӽ£ġӽôһ˵ͬã޶ͬ⡣
ôһӽͺܿΣֵ̫ӵʦ
ϵһڿεʱ򣬳ʵĵعȥû뵽һ֮£ҲԡӽĽУ˻ʵۺ̫ͬε
ӽõĽѧʽʵģºϴѧڼ䣬οεʦܰѿζĿγ̽ȱֽѧʽ
ɡĽ·ʽӽڴ㹻ľǶ˼֪ʶóʵ۸ҲͲˡ


864 
꣬ûͻ·д󳼵ľڷ⽨֮ϡ
ֻӽֳһЩȥ顣ɹŸѹ鸽ȥĩ顣Ϻܶ鶼ϵ˽ŵʵʩ
½ơҰսź͵طӿʼɹŰգ侫̶ȷֵͬľϵͳСפƶԲԭǣʽķʽǰơ
ùͬŶܱ֮иǰûԼһʱ̰˶
ʼղ䣬׷˶޷ʤؾŴ̲ɹŲ壬µʱ˰ࡣ
ӽѱһͷ֮òٴγǰȥѰҶټ
Ϊи˵ĽͣγҲһ¾⻹˸óڲԭ׷١Ӧڱɹʿ
ӽѲԭϵæòʱǳˡ
ӦԪıȻûӰӣ͢ȲӷأٲɳڶެĻҪˡ
ҺõڶѾ齨ϣȻսһ˵϶Ҫ硣
ΪѾȥ;Ĳ㾭һζ·ӵĲ涼ȽϤʲôƷȱʧʲô󣬶õ˼顣һдֻشͨ͢ɳй
׻˵úã¿ͷѡڶεķͷһвţ½
ˣڶͷĺʱǰ
;İȻǳϡ棬Ѿûȥ⽨ʱ顣Ķ飬ҲΪͷǰҲ˲١
ӽûйĲ뵽⽨һϣΪһнжԱ°¼ɡ
˽£ָŰĻѧʵ飬ﰢҪ£ʹðʼڴ־ڻѧоĶд˿ȥ
ӽԼѸľͶ뵽˸оѲӹ֮УԼյ֪ʶʱܸооԱԵ㲦ӶӿоĽչ
о֮£Ƽչ졣ϵرǸֵָʵ顢ʹҵõܻݡ
һգʵڸԱٶоǰۿ˹ƼĻԭ͡
Ĵ󺺽˶оΧĸҪооԱվоĴԺڵȺ
ԺӺܴǺġԺӵȦһ˺Ϥڵϡ
ڷǸĹϣͣһܼª𳵡ԭշǺоԱǵĺÿһЩٻЩͼȥ䲻Ҳڹӭʥݡ
ǣӽȴֹôǰ˼ĸĽ棬ͷԵĶͲҪ㡣оԱѧʣǷӭ
ӽȻû˵úأ˼ȴȷģ÷ǵ˺ǲҲˣԭͲûнӹ
ʵ˳һ֮󣬱𳵳˺档ȷϣ߳ȣȻ̫ǿңǰϸϸ͡
ʱǰʵܡˣֵĻֲˡΪڻӽȻʸ񣬵λҲߡ
ӽͱֲһѺͷ˵ʵ۽ܡʹ÷Ƿǳмôһλùָзֻᡣ
ʵŽܣͷųһᣬ⳵滹Ŵú̿ɵʵôú̿ĳ᣿
£Ʋһ࣬һۡǹػش
ʵۺȤԸߵĴ˵ߣ޵һȥ𳵣
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865 
ڸ׸ڸղʵѾӽ˵û֪϶һĺö֮ͥ£ʵ۶ûʣҲùȥԡ
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Ǳߵĳʵۺò׻ع׼ӽйص𳵵ϸʱءһѳͷ𳵿ʼѫѫҲɻʼ١
˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥڴĹע֮£ɵŵ೵ᣬʼԺѭ
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ʦ֮ǰ˵ĵ𳵣ܴôʵ۴ʵ
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ǵøղӽشʵ۵Ļæٴ׷ʵ˹ʲô
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ʵۿ֮࣬ӽѵ£Ҳ֮ܲڼʱֻѧһЩһ˺ܶࡣֻʲôʱз˵˵Ҫоʮ꣬пܵġ
ʵ۸˵²ûΪӽ⻰ͣԾЦݵ˵ûϵûϵ޵ȵ𣡡
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һ£ʵϵЦݡ¶Цݵʦ˵öԣһڳԲһӡ֪Ҫѭ򽥽йشƼ棬ʦô˵㣡
ȷʵƼķȨȻԺӽȨˡĿƼȻߺܶ·ôĿƼͻͽ
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õͷȻô죬ȻһɧȻ˵ˣˡ
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867 ߵӡڰ
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868 ѧ
ӦԪϸĻ˲ɵðԸ̾ĵĲбҺô㹻ǿʢû
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