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ʱͣ499 ߣ

ݼ飺
ֵһˣܹΪĵϷ
ӵһϷ˺š
һ죬ʵʱͣˣĳִڿʼԡֵϷΪģ棬и硣
ת͵ȵһͷλ֡
ʱͣ499꣡
úȥδӣ


һ Ԫ


1 ʱֹͣ499

ֵһˣܹΪĵϷ
ӵһϷ˺š
һ죬ʵʱͣˣĳִڿʼԡֵϷΪģ棬и硣
ת͵ȵһͷλ֡
ʱͣ499꣡
úȥδӣ
¾һС˵ϲǰڣϧڱˡ


Ϸ˺š
ֵеߡ
Ϸ̽ΪҪϷݵġϷĺݱǹǸˣ֣ܵȵȵͳơ
Ϸ趨УֻҪǷĶ֣ڹֵ
ڹ֣Ϊֵ
լڹܣΪֵ
滨쾰ڹ졣Ϊֵ
δ̸֪Ϊֵ
˿̣˺Ÿոӹһιֵ׷ɱ˳㻹Լõ壬ͷֵֹɻ˹ֵġ
һöַġ
ֵֻԱ߱ӡĹģ޷ɱ
УòĹַģûʲôã
̾˿ͷֵĹʮֲ׼һͷֵɱأȴȻоһ
ţ㿴ԼȻƮ
Ʈ
ϣ
ԭ壬ԾֱͦͦȻðŽ⡣
Ҫɷˣ
ɶͷԣ
ִ˿˿ֻš
һ̡
һޱȵڶȻը졣
ʱͣ499꣡
ʼ磡
ѡģ桶ֵʼĨںۼ
ӻֵ
ӹ֣ӹ죬ӹܣ
С
껵һ£˲ʲôĶԼԺ
ĿŵеġֵϷͼʧԼЩϷܱߣʲôҲΪޡ
ԼԴϣðһе֣Ƭ̺ɢϸЩƺ롶ֵϷйصġ
ڳȡ䣿
Ȼһ
Ҫŷ֣Լ壬޷
ĵǣԼƺûбȥ䣬֪ǿŹڵ״̬Ƚֲû
ⲻҪԺټ̽
֣ǵĮֺԼԽĹŹ֡
壬ͬһ㣬ֻԼĿԼǰģӰ
һöַģɢŵĹâ
ⲻǡֵĹַ
ӴһöģʱԼڵ״Ȼޱȡ
ơλ

ַֻۡĵС֡
ȻһͷֵУСĹλ֣
ģô£
زȥԼ
Ŷ˶壬ֿԶˣ˲Լı壬ȴĽ޷ӽ
ѵ
иеææƮ⿴ȴͬͣһ㡣
̵ƵĳһϣҲûб仯
ǵ£ӵţҲûзֿ
̧ĽŲͣյķɻڰվƯ
µˮˮͷˮͣڿУٵ䡣
껷ֻ֣ҪǺϢϢصĶͣˡ
ЩƺûбͣģҰеľ԰еһЩֲﶯ
Ҳ֪ͣλôʲôͣʲôҪͣġ
ҾǲҪͣһ
еա
һͷ֣زԼ
ɲôѺá
ǣǵҪͣ499ֲ̫꣬ˡ
ѵȫԺһ
ûܹһ˴ϡ
Ҳ֪òóԷˮ
Ƭ̣ǵޱȵҲûг֡
ƮţԼ޷صУһЩõ豸޷Ӵʹá
ԣúȵȡ
ЩϢϢصĶƺʱͣķ֮ڡ
еңԴţʱ뿪
λ壬ڱȽϷֻǿʹһЩִ˵еĻǽ壬˸ȵȣûС
ƺǸոյԭСһͿ
ȻСҲ⡣
Ҳǡֵйɫֻ⣬⡣
ߵֵϣԶۿ껣ڵһֱһ׵Ļɫ
ֵϵˣɫɫŸͣ͡
Ŵһ£ȴֶǱƤĽ赲
ůůģûģеһ
ףΪֵԼڱܵ⣬ڰ
ڴĿεţܿ껱ͣ磬ûȤ
ĳУ൱ķζǧƪһ
ͣ󣬸оһżû˿տԡ
ȥҰ
Щûĵطûбͣĵطֱʲôӣ
磬ڱУ水աֵϷ䵱ģ壬ӦþǴڹֵʱ㡣
ϷУûнΪιֵͻأеֵֻ֪ȫԵ𶯺󣬾Īĵˡ
Ӵ˶ԿֵֹƴģʽС
ԺﻹļǵáִֵССĹִ¼ֹΣգؾ׵ĽƷ
ʷһڡ
ЩĲƸ
ȥҰ
˽ֵʱ
ڹеλ̫꣬Сˡ취ǿֻǲ֪λδ֪ĴڣǷ˹ֵ·ߡ
뿪Լ壬տʼʱ껻Щ
žԽԽԶ޵ϵƺȫϿˡһ˲䣬Ȼһɵĳ嶯
ʹֻΪһͷͨĹֵλ꣬Ծ鵽ΪоȻͬĸй١


̹
ֵķΧƮǰСƺжĵԴϵֻʮֵĻ޷
ֵֹƶʽȥģƶǰС
档
ֻǣУ껵ı壬Ϊһ壬֪ʱܳ۳ԼĹ֮
λδ֪ĴڣԾڸ硣
ֵܻƣǵһֻĹֵҲ˵
пܣ
ʱ
һᣬ껱ϵ˽ܵʱͣӰѾСˡ
ľ֪ʱѾдС
ǳʱڣܶľѾïܵҶһЩߵĳӶѾѹ
ɭֵĵ£OO@@䶯
ȻɣѾΥ̬ˣ
һ˲䣬һ㡣
Ѿʼֱ仯𣿡
Ҳֵ֪Ƿˣ
껹۲ɭ֣ʱûзС˵Щ˵еı
ֲֻ﷢˸ı䡣
ѰһȦһ
ҲһЩȽϹ
ЩֲҶձһЩɭв֪Ӻʱһƻɫ
֪Ӻζ
껽ӴЩ󣬹һ̹Ϊһθ·΢ƣ壬Ȼ
Щǡʲô
ܺ档
ץһƻȴֻȻԼдж
Уƺʣڡ
ץȥһЩ֣Ҳ޷ղֹͣ
Ƶĳ̶ȡ
ֻ
üͷ
ڣɭеĻɫȻ࣬Ҳ١
һСƬĵشɢ߰˵֮ࡣ



2 

Ʈ˼졣
ôĿĴεûκη֡

Ȼٴ
ӻϵ
ֲ٣Сʷ
Ի
ŤŤģϡеļʣֵ
ʼӻ
ʼ򣨴ʱӣΪȻϰ׽ڣߵȼΪΪڡ
껷֣ƺֹ
粻ٴ
ƲƮ
򶼲ת
⾲ֹһһƵġ
еһУһ롣
ֻ껣ƺǸ
ȻƶȫֹУƶš
ƺδ֪ڸ֮ǰͳΪ˹ֵļһĳֲܿƵ⡣
һᣬ껿ģ˾Ųʵ塣
Ȼϰ׽ڣ
ŶȭͷС׹䣬еֱƲУеֱУеֲһС
Ȼкܶ˴С
ǵڵϣûںϵļ
ͬʱҲע⵽ɭУûڵĵطɫԸһ㣬ұȽ϶ࡣ
׹зΧڵɫɫƫ࣬١
򣿡
ʲô⣿
൱ĺ棬û˿ԥ
ϽѰɫ
Ǹ˵Ļ
кɫġ
¹ʲôãõ˵
λɭеһյϡ
ԱǾ޴ɽ塣
˿̴Ѿɢɢĵ˲
ɫģɫģɫģɫĵȵȡ
һɫ򣬾ڲԶ
ϽܹȥСʰ𣬶ʱһԺ
ýɫ򣨼ϡУǷںϣ

巢˻Ƶһ񶨡
漴ѸƬɭѰɫҵ
ûкɫġ
ռĹУҲָɫ壬ȻҲкл
ΪͨϡУϡĸ
û˺ڵϵ̫ˣһְʱ䣬еİ˸壬ȫΪ˼ϡеļ
ɫĲϡм𰡣ĳԣ
а˼
֣жֲȻں
֪ûںϸġ
Щģһֶһʱ䣬ҪҵɫȻԼһʱ䣬ܶں
ȻӹȥˣȻûκջ
Ѿ׼
ʱǰ׵ĸ߶ϣһĨڹ⸡ֶ
ɫ壡
껴ϲ
û뵽ҪʱȻˡ
Уڵϡ
ֲҲ
Աߵ׾ٵİѺɫץ
һ
X1
Բ鿴Ϣˡ
˵һöӵںͬȼԵ壬֡עǵȼͬ

ֲó֮Ϊ򣬾Ȼں塣
껰Լռ˸ͬȼںУڰںϺԼںϡ
͵ͬͬʱں˾Ÿ
֪ûںϳĴڡ
ںϾŸĴڣ֮١
Ȳ˵ֻӣܿͻʧȫ羲ֹͺоŸϡʹУûкɫҲں˶
͹ˡ
ֹͣ˼Ͻںϡ
һöһöںϵ˺ɫУھʮӵʱڣһץ
˺ɫ򣨾Ųʣ
ʷʫ
Ƿںϣ
ںںϣ
Ȳѡںϣɫһ˲껵Ĺ֮С
䣡
һ̣оԼԺըѳ˾ŲʵĹһһֵİ⵽֮С
ֹһ
УɫĹɫĹȻֶɫѡʱ䡣
ѽ
֪ʶϵѽ
δ
˲ã֪ʶϵá
壬ͬϷһ㣬껵Ϣԣһ塣
ӦǰɫĹܣҲӦǴ󲿷ﶼеԡ
Ͼɫࡣ
ɫ֪ʶϵź֪ܶʶ̽ȡϢ󣬻Զ֪ʶ⡣
·Դһܡ񷢲
֪ʶϵ·Դһܡ򵥼
񷢲Իܱ߻Ϻ󣬷Ӧûκνֻһ߷á
򵥼Ǹ֪ʶ⣬Լ򵥵ļҪĶϢݳʱ̽оԼ֪ʶϸ̶



3 ֪ʶϵ
壬֪ʶϵ
ڡֵϷУȷʵҲڵġ
δ֪شڣȷʵһաֵϷ硣
ΪһܵĹֵ껻ǳ
壺

ֵࣺ

Ŀλ
𣺵ͼλ
ģ1
˵ϱûй˵˶ˣȻᵮȻλֻͼĹ֣ΪֵԾֱֲ࣬Ĵڡ
ûѪҲûνԵȵȡ
ǡֵϷеɫȷʵҲ÷ʵҪȻŪѪάʲôģܸое㲻ʵӡ
ȻûЩѪʲôģȴзĽȡ
ڵΪͼĹֵӵйַģȻöַֻ˰ٷ֮һĽȡ
աֵ趨ϷСֵϡ٣϶ࡣֵ󣬱ԴģӵвĸԡɱֻܶȡһЩƬֵڲ֮ԾɻḴ
ҲķƬֻǲɢ޷Ǳɹֵ
ҲΪӵһĹֲŽɹֵġ
²ӦɱϷǸֵһöĹйء
֣ͦȻĹ֣ǹƬ
Ǹʵ
ɢĹƬбڵı֯װȵֶΣȴγԼϵ
ϷУΪߣߣ
һߣƵı԰ټƵĹֵ
һʵװϷжǶġ
Ϸд󲿷ֵֹԶ֪֮ꡣ
ڣΪλֵĹ֡
Ȼֻаٷ֮һʵ磬׶οûʲô˺
ҪѹֹĵɶƵٷְٵĵزǲѵġ
Աɼֲһַ߽ȡ
ǲ֪ûͬһùֵҲĹ
˼š
֮ǰЩǵᵽĽϵ
һַùֵҲġ
ַֻдȥ̽
֪ʶϵűĴ洢ź֪ܶʶ
Щôмɵġ
ֲ֪ʶ֪ʶװ֪ʶʶȵȡ
һЩ񻰴˵̸
ҪǡֵϷ֪ʶ
ıֲﶯֵֹϵȵȣһЩǲģ
ĲƸ
λصĴڣѾѹڡֵϢȫĨˣеļ䡣
Ȼ֪Ϊ⣬Ϊλڻûг׸磬ԼͻԵɺϵĵ˹ֵԭɡ
֮ݹڡֵϣΪĽָ
ֵûƵġ
ʱͣ499꣬ȫһʱ䷢ǿĹֵȻ499ڡֵϷʽٵʱΪĻ֮Դ
ûźӵѺദˡ
աֵ趨͹ֵǶġ͹ֵ˱뷽跨ŪԷ
ùֵǺǵĹһżȶûиŤޱȣֻ֪չɱˡ
ֵأٷ趨ȷʵҲˡ
˵˵һŤĹ֣һɱĤ򣬻һϢ塣
ȻǸ⡣
Լ־ֻǻԵɺ֮µĹֵ
ֵֵֵ
ԣͲҪᵮԭˡ
ÿһֵĵǲɸƵ漣
û⣬Ҳ޷֤
ֵ֪ǷҲں򡣹ƹǺ׶ûйֵһˡ
ʹУҲ൱ϡ١
껰ĥš
˵ʵⶫΪںϵֵͬķʽҲͬںϣֵľࡣ
Ͼǻ
ںϵֲϣӦı٣츳ܣƬʽҲ˵
Ͳö֪ˡ
λشڵδֶ֪Σ껻Ӳ²⡣
֪ʶϵٴο񷢲
˿̣Ѿγһµ
񡪡ΪµĹֵϵһͷֵҪǵĶܶࡣʳסжɻȱҪΪֵͲҪЩˡΪһǻ۵ĹֵҪҵһ֮ΪԼʱѨ
˵صĻĳЩ֮ػܻ֮γɼ֮ءΪԼĳѨ벻ջ
֮𣿡
ֵط껵ͦ˽⡣
ڡֵϷڣЩ̺żĵطǱ߹ֵĵ֮ء
һЩǿĹֵռ൱һƬ֮ΪԼĵ̡
һϰ߳ƺЩֵռļ֮Ϊ
ǿļͷֵռһ鼫֮أʱﻹϷΪظ
ڼ֮غ͹ֵ֮кϵ껾Ͳö֪ˡ
Ѿһ֮ؿ
벻ջ񣬻ʲô



4 ҩƷ
ѰҼ֮صʱԼʱסլ
׶̫ףϾλδ֪Ĵڸոո磬ϵոγûãûм֮صδ֪
ڣҲ
нʱȥ˷ѣô󣬵߿¡֮Ȼѵãܻᱻֵġ
ɭй˼졣
ûκȤķ֡
춯ﵹǷ˲٣ֻǸոձ죬̫ԡ
磬һֻȵӣβ͵Ыӵȵȡ
ЩڱٺŷĹƬϵûá
Ƿһɢزҩ
۲Ƭ̣Ϣֶ

֪ΪνͻľݣǿҵֹѪáЩá
ʶֲҩϷֶǴֹѪҪϡ
û뵽ѾоͻΪֵϷеҩˡ
˵λδ֪ĴڣٶȣѾԽԽ졣
Ȼⶫʵûʲôá
ҩĻЩá
ڿһͷֵֹ
˵⼸ҲоһԼδ⼸򣬺ɫֻ֪ӵںãɫ壬ɫ֪ʶϵ
֣ʱܿ
֪ʲôá
棬ԺῪװϵϵؾУܵȵȣ
Ͳö֪ˡ
ʲôʱλδ֪Ĵڸ磬ЩŻӦĿ
ɭѾûʲô̽ˡ
껷Լס
·سк⼸ʱŵĳоͿʼֲָﶯˡ
Ȼ̶ֳȺЩ·ϣݱԵѾĿǵټ
ֻصһЩڲƻģڵķݵ·׸ʴ
У󲿷ֵĳӣݶǲܱ򿪵ġ
һЩпţǿԽȥʳҩƷȵȴ󲿷ֿԴ
Ȼȴɲܴ
·һҩ꣬Ī⡣
ʮֵĺ档
Ʈ˽ȥľȻһЩҩϵҩƷ
һ⡣
껼һ£־ȻǻԵɺ£ںҩƷ
ðҩX10
ںδ֪ҩƷŲţƺô󲿷͵ĸðųƸðռɱ֡
ƬX12
ںδ֪ıҩƷǿĲѪǿЧ
ҩX2
ںδ֪ıҩƷҪŰǴڵģĲţôһ´ҩŮ
껣
ⶼʲô߰Ķ
ûʲôá
˵ЩںƷԺ϶ޱȡ
δõҲ˵
ЩԼ껼ڳй
Ҳ֪ˣһЩҲں򣬲ϡŹֵƷЩҩƷ
ԣڳй䣬
ǷзƷ
ֻϧ̫ˣټϴ󲿷޷룬Ʒû˿֡
ֻεķԼС
һûԼˣЩġ
Ծһ䡣
һ˿ҳûӡ
ƺĹﵮģ߾ߣҲûʱͣơ
ĻмҲܻأǿɾ̫ˡ
һЩѼƷŵԼļС
껶Լ۲졣
һּ첻ĸо
Ҳ֪ԺʱڵԼʲôϵ
ʲô
ĶͷзһȦǳǳĺۼ
ʲôһ㡣
ӡǺģʲôӡ
ûϷֹЩ
ԣӦеģ˵Ǵ󲿷඼ûеġ
ʲôδ֪
ƵĹ壬վҲֻǿһԼû嵽ʲôӡ
۲Լ죬Ҳûκη֡
껿ʼ﷭
ҳֻȻûźţҲá
Ҳˡ
磬ȻˮʲôģѾ
ѣֻҳһűеͼȫͼ
ڻHС
ڱеͼҳͼݵλá
׼ȥͼݲһϡ
һḻԼ֪ʶϵ׼һʤż
֮ء
һ˵Ŵս֮أһЩ˵֮أǺп֮ܵصġ
˵߾ߡ
һԼ壬껰ŹغãһȥʲôʱٻͲ֪ġ
׼ҺϣѰҸʹõĽͨ
ٶԽԽ죬Ҳѽ
Ȼ˵ʱȴȥġ
һ·޻
Сʱ껳ɹƮ˴ͼݵſڡ
ҿʱͣʱ磬ͼÿš
Ҳڵ޷롣



5 һ˵ó
HеĴͼݣġ
ƽʱյʱȸ裬һԵеİǺܶࡣ
ææµµУУѾʵס
ǲ֪ЩһգѾģֻΣ
ĬĬš
뵽ԼҪϹ֮ãкܶڴȴִһ˿ĮȻ¼š
ƹЩȺ˵ʷ
˼飬ôƯڰչۿ
ֵ״̬£ԼͷԸҵ־ѹƵ͡
ȻҲԡ
ֵͷԣƺһγ򣬾׼ϸ
ԣ껹ۿرѸ٣һĿʮС
¼֪ʶֻҪԵͨһԺ֪ʶϵЩ֪ʶȫű
Ҳ̵ʶɫǿ
ǲ֪ǼϧɫеĹܣɫ򣬶
²⣬Ӧǰߡ
Ͼϧ򣬿϶ͨɫںܴ
Ǽϧġ
ϣҲֻſڼ䣬ͬײһģмϧѡˡ
һҹ
λ壬Ҫߡֻǰ챻̫Ƚûѡ
ʱ䣬¼ǧָ֪ʶ鼮
󲿷ֶ棬Ϊ˼䣬ֻΪ˷ḻ֪ʶϵϿ⡣
ѧ
Ͽѧ
ؿѧ
ʷ
񻰴˵
־
ȵȣ
Щ鼮ܻܿڰһ
ҲܻڽĴУ췭ظ
֪ʶ޹ģҲ޼۵ġпܣе֪ʶ¼֪ʶϵڡ
ϧһںֵĿΪѾ޷άȥˡ
Ѿʼڱ䵭һڵĿ飬¼֪ʶΪƺΪ۵ġ
ɱÿջĵĻҪࡣ
ʱ뿪ˣ
ܣ˲ᡣ
ﻹ̫֪ʶҪ¼Լ֪ʶϵڡ
ϧڸҪĿҵԼɫİ취
͸ʳһ㣡
Ҫʳˣ
ЩɫӦ֮ǰϵơ
ֻǰȻġ
ҪʳЩȻ
Ȼôʳ
ȴö֪
ͨÿֻܲһ㡣
ٶȼֱ̫ˡ
ʲôýʳٶȱ
ڤ˼롣
ĿԼϡ
Ҫ֪õİɫ壬ҲǼϧġ
Ȼڴ˵ɫƫ࣬󲿷ֶͨġ
ϧĺ١
żϧİɫγɵ壬Բ̫ͨ
Ψһͨģ񷢲ˡ
Ҫ֪ڡֵϷУû˵ԼܸԼķ
ԣܱߵԼ֪ʶϵȵȣԼʵôһضָ
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10 ٺ
ȥ̩ɽ·;ԶԶҪѡ
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16 
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ܵгͬڡ
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ܵ¶Ѿ˼£һٶȵ¶ȡ
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17 ١൨
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Сǣǵİְˣ



18 
ԾɸıѪù
ͷͷһͷԣܿǶݵصٶȽһ죬껸׷
ġֻųĹߺͽ롣
ǰ߳Ǳ٣١껲ûҵ٣ı٣ѵõҲʱУȽϧһࡣ
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٣ĳЩ˵һĲϣǵҩġ̺ķƬȱٸࡣ
ϧԶԶûг죬ھɱͷëߣƺе̫ˡȻɳҲܶԸġ
껿˿֪ʶϵϢ˵ͷ
ȷʵߵĹ൱Ѳ
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ڡֵϷжһִ˵صĹų˵ߣҪжʽһ߾ǲ߻дȶߵĽӤޣ˵ߺٽУһоͻˮû硣
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19 ѹ
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ɵͥѾ飬߳Ѿ
ݣţһӣȴҲûмҵζ
ĺѩ̾¼Σֻ֮仨ǧأȻδԸ֮

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20 Ѫ
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26 ֵŮ
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31 ˼
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34 ڣ
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35 깽
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36 
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37 
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38 
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40 ĪΡ
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ǿģ֮ǰֲҲϷϷΪʵ
Сãģ
ȻֵȻȾԲô̶̬ȣֵǵ֮ĵһ
Լ˵ĹĳЩ˵ĳ̶ȼ޽⡣
Ȼ˵Ī߱һĪθӦȾҪֽȺ壬ܲܶЩ߰ɡ

ֿ˿һڶԿŭĿӵС
СһԼȺ껽ȳ󣬾ͻظ˻õԸ
ֻǶ԰ɫĪתĹֽԾɺܲ
ĹУԼǲҪЩɶİɫĪεġ
ǺĪξ㹻ˡ
飬ϣҲٵǵϣҲν
껶ƺԼĳֹĺɫĪǣžԶ̬֮ȡ
ûиֹʱǲȾɫĪεġ
˵Īڵ٣СȺһŲһٶֻȫĪҲֻ
ϡٵģƺԺܺɹֵ֮Īǣ껱ҪȫȾתʧһֻҲ۵ĺܡ



46 ץ
ɫĪε⣬Ҳᡣ
϶뵱ڵ˽ʯϿйء
Ϊ˵Ӳĸı˽ݻ̡
ڵ׷ʲôı䣬᲻ͺɫĪйأͲö֪ˡ
д̽顣
صֽߡ
ŤȾᣬɹС
һͻӰɫֽ״̬תѪɫ
ϹͷųС͵Ĺš
ʵܲǿ̶ƽ̶ȡ
Ժ׵ѹСľ˯״̬֮£ɣױѹ롣
γڴ˵еĹѹЧ
⼸껱ùģӶɫĪΣֻǹĪߵѹƺܵͣҪ껳ֲС
Ⱦ˹ͿһԹֽʹӺǲǰߣǱߣŻж
־ϢҲɢȥġ
ĶڤڤиоܿԼйء
̽һ£ЩĪιǷ֪벻ջء
ˣղѾϵˡڹиߴ󲿷Ѿץ˹
ӣͻˡ
ͻȻļӣ۾ѸٵĻΪѪɫٴ۾һƬѪɫ⡣
ΪȫµȾ󣬿˺Ϳ˹ӵ˺ܶһԶ̴ϢǶߵһ
һеκϰ
ǲ֪ڽֶɲ赲
ţ
껵˵ͷһζ
ѽ
֮ͬѽһƺú˼
СһСߵú֪ܽɶɻġ
һԪֽˣһԲ飡
ȫͬࡣ
µĿһ̫顣
ƺĺ¡
Сȴ¹֮顣
С¹֮飬ȴЩ¿
껿ĸо˼
磬ԽԽԪؼ룬İִһ˿档
飬ֵ¼磬Щʹӵȵȡ
ԽԽȤˡ
Ԫʱ䣬껾ãԼ϶ǲįˡ
ֹ˰Сʱ
˹ˡ
һԾһѪ״̬
ƺӰֱ
ƺʾĪνȻͬһ㡣
෴ǲôϲ˹һѾʼԳƵһᡣ
ԢΪĵһᡣ
ȻɫĪֱӱˡ
ЩСļһʹǵһټҲֻΪЩһײ˹ʺˡ
˹ƯգʮλƷֻЩɫӡǵȾᣬЩƷ޷ԺƯ
ֻںһ۵Ŀſ˹в޶ʼɡ
ߣʮλ߶£־Ŀ껵Īߡ
˿̶
ǻΪ˿ߵĹ
Уӵġ
ħһ㣬ӴĹţŭţֱ
лΪĿֲ

޴Ĺ
ȵȣ
һֺѹǳݣԨ
ӴĹģǿӰֻԼԼһģľ޴Ӱ
˵еľһ㡣
ЯŲĿ

ڰ

ɺɫĿ͸ŤѹʹûнӽҲЩĪǣһȫȥ
ǼѪɫ״̬µĿȫһµ
ֻǸӵӴ󣬸ӵĿֲӵĺڰӵ䣡
˵ǰө棬߾µա
޿ɱԡ
찡
Ǵ˵е𣿡
ǵʲô찡ΪʲôҪôǺڹ򣡡
ЩץĪߣһ־ĿǰһУܱޱȵϢǹɲ׹ߡ
ԼĲֵ֮Ϣ껻ôãһֱûô
ЩȾĪλܣЩץļһ˿̹̾ͬǣѪ⣬ʹԺ裬ʹļֱܡ
һ඼̱ڵϣ԰Ρ
ЩƷǣһҲǳ鴤ţ˵ԼǿϢ֧Ŀ־塣
Ҫ֪ǵҲЩһǿ١
Ӳ
ϾǵΪ󲿷ֱȲЩץļһ
ҪͰȾ壬ǺѶЩ߸ϵļһвġ
˵󲿷ֶץ˹
Ǻڹȼ壬Ϊڹϰֱ̼ǵ
Ҫǿ˿˹һٳԵ˳ˣ˵ʧˡ
֮ǰ˹һٰѿ븹еĿ־徰Īζ̲ס˸¡
ЩץĪǡ
뵽˹ǹıͬһľ޿ڣݣǰλеĴڣʲôɣ
Ƕħ
ܿڼ֮أִ˵Ķħ



47 ֽ
˹ѿˣҲɹĵõԺһϢ
ĪߵͨʳѪҺԻòֲϢ
ֽ˸һĳЩˣԻһϢ
ǻܱҪı廹Ҫɳ껵ǾãЩСԽԽƤˡ
ץĪߣʴһѡһֱַʴ̫أĪɹС
ùڣĪʳЩѪҺܷһЩȾɹʡ
мַ껶׼һһ֤
Щ飬СͿСһ︺
ɫĪκͰƷֽ򻮷һС֣Ǵ֡
˹õϢ鱨
־ģ
ԽԽȣû뵽Ȼ˵ܡ
ֱ˼
޷
˵ĪʼһƬޣûйâûдأҲûɽֻһƬһŰֽһƽ硣
֪ʱһֽƽϣͻȻһö壬Ȼڰֽգأɽݻ
˵һſӡڰֽϵĻ
ϢһֱԹЩߵȼĪȦ
ȵȣ
ֽϵĻ
ⲻǶά𣿡
ѵĪһά磿Լ˶ά
ǣҪ񰡣գи߶ȵģ
껳Ƭ̣ԽĲ⡣
ȥ
ĪǱǵ֮ģֻʼʱֻĪΡ
ɫĪԼƵĪΡ
ڿ˵ļУʣĺɫĪΣĪΣɫĪΣǺġ˵һֽĪΣһĪεĪ壬ȫֽʵģɽƬɡ
˹һţҲʮֺ档Щ֪ʶǰ֪ΪԹĪء
ΪĪһͬģڲ֪һͬģеĽĪΡ
ֻǺںĪΣǽĪΣѾɫĪβˡ
̺ĪΣнĪΣ
˼
껵˵ͷ˼
ƺе֪ɫĪΪʲô̵Ĵɱˣ˻ɫĪΡ
һԭΪ֮͵壬ϿɵͬһĪΣҲֻлɫĪΡĪΣžڶֲɡ
ͲĪһ塣
ֹ֪˶꣬翪ʼȶѾֹͣڶάƽддö
ʱеĪǣڰֽϿ޴ľ壬صģΪֻи߶ȣͬһ㡣
Īǳʥĳž壬ΪǴһк޵ΰףһеĳһеԴȪ
ʱĪǵӹʮģûսҲûɱǵһС
ȻͻȻһ죬Ƭ磬һĪǲ֪Ӻζֻ֪󣬾ƺ쳣ĺ£ҵĶƽİֽ磬ʼ
ʱĪǺܺ£ȴ֪ôźãĿԼ֪磬ƬƬĪβ
˺ڰֽıԵһĻɢſֲϢܶԵ˲䱻һա
ʱĪǷ֣ԼһȦĻΧҲƽֽ֮ˡ
ƺе
ĪǣûƣҲԿƽĴھ
ÿ쳯ʥ壬ۿ֮½ľȤ
ȻźĻڵһжûˡ
Ļƺڳȡΰһʴֽƽ棬γ˱ǳ֮Ϊ֮صĿֲش
֮أڴ֮γˣ
㶣еԤϡ
ǸҲв²⣬Ӧڸλشڡ
һȻҲ֪ЩС硣
άƽ磡
ֻǣЩ˲̫ǣֽƽ磬ö壬ƺشڸ֮ǰѾˡ
ôܣ
ѵʱϾʹδ֪صӣ
ؾʲô
þһͬһİֽƽʲô
껸оԼƺӴĳʵܿ漰δ֪ڸԭ򣬵ϸ룬ȴֲҪ졣
ҪǣĪӣô£
ԽԽĲ⣬ͷ
ƺܳ˼ʱ򣬿˹Ծڻš
ǵԽԽŹ֡
ǷԼ巢˱仯һУʼ
ֲﶯ˸߶ȡ
Ҳˡ
ڰֽϣһǳǳ֡
Ҳˡ
ǣҲ˸ӣӵи߶ȵĴڡ
ҲǵһĿӡ
Ȼûüǻųʥȥݾ塣
Ǹ־鷢ˡ



48 ëȻ鱨
壬һжԤķչ
Īǲ֪룬ĸı䣬ƺҲӰ쵽ǵ
һһĪǣʼȥ
Ȼ⻹ֲ磬ǸӺµ飬ͻȻ֮ǰĳһ죬ˡ
һ죬ĪǼ¼ΪԪꡣ
ǵһ֪ã߸֮
һе綼Ѿάķչʱһ̺żºڰ֮꣬ǰȻͬѹϢ
ʼ˵˼仰ǳصĻʱĪβûмס
ֻһ仰סˡ
ǳң֮ᵱ
˹ŬտԺصϢѵѧš
仰ͬĪԣ˹ѧЩ
ͬ˵йһ㣬ЩҧĽֵ˼
ȴˡ


϶Ȼðһ˿Źֵɫ
ôĲҿʯϵ
ֻΪװƣ׼ۿģôĪ֮ǰ
йŹ֣
Ҫ£
˵˹ͣһ£һֱµȾǣһҲɫŹ֮
СĿһۻƣͬħһ껡
òƣڵʱ㣬֮󰡡
Ѳɡ
ڶȾǣЩɫĪΣץĪΣһʱ両档
ǰλνϢ˲꣬ڰ䡭
ǺɫĪΣǲģֻڤڤд˵е
ӵʷеİɫĪΣɫĪβ඼챻ɱˣĴϵ󲿷ֶѾʧ
⻹ǵһ֪ԭʷһΪħǰٹ˵Ҫ֮
Сˡ
Сһ֣ߴߴĺߵĺɫĪ˵ţǵãһμʱ˵ԣ˹ѧһģһ
һӣĺɫĪ¶˾ϲɫ
һʼЩԥȻԸоǰλǳ˲ĳݳ嶯ģ궼û֣ͻȻðôһ񣬼ʹǣ޾ȺĺɫĪǣ󲿷Ҳš
Ͼ̫ˡ
ڣòǰλľԼλ
ָо־ϲֱ̫ͻȻ̫˼ˡ
껴ڹ֮УӰһԵøߴ
˹ҲԽĹ
ǰλڣκĪζҪλ
ɱ粵
Ҳɣ
̳˿ˣϢԭĿ˿Բ˼Լĳ̶ȡ
ֻҪһ仰
û˵˹ȴڵʲô
ʼԼԣ˵顣
ٺڶжȻһλŻɫ˹ϢĺɫѪҺ
ѪҺھϣͺܵ˾޴ʴһ㣬˲˼޴ơ
󣬾Īǿ־ע£ǵǵһУǵˣ
һ̣ǵ磬ƺҪΪ֮
ûˡ
Ҳκεɫʡ
ĪΣ
ȴĽ١
ƺת
һΪ
ƺΪ˵ֿʴȰմȾѪɫĲλ˳ȥ༸飬һ˾İɫĪȺУΪһɫˮ
һ˻ɫĪȺУΪ˻ɫˮ
Ҳ龧ƬУ顣
һ龭֮أմȾһ˿ĺɫ˴ϣΪһɫˮ
һ龭һƬдеֲһž޴ľ֮УΪɫˮ
һ飬˵£Ӱ
кܶɢ֮䡣
ˮȺ
֣
ô˵
˲һУĪһȺ
׻ƺںԼĪΡ
Ҳˮ
˵׻ĪԭʼˮڰֽԭʼĪΡôں̽ĪξЩѿСˮƬصĲĪΡ
˹Ļ֤ʵ껵Ĳ²⣬ҲЩԤϣ߿˵ȫ
ֹ֪˶á
׻ĪηĪΡ
ʼల£ϾֻɫһĪΰˡ
ŵһĪߵ翪ʼֹŹ죬ڰķչȥ
ԽԽĪ߲֪ζ
ǰ׻Īǡ
ϵĪ壬һĪߣȺĪߵܺ͡
мλһδ֪ľ磬ͨԼȺľ壬ΪͨĪʮĴС͡
ԳΪɣ
һλɫĪλɫĪλȺûСλǿΪԼĪΣյ
Щָ󣬽νĻգڳĪǶ֪ʷ׻Ī壬ǰߣʼĪչ˴ģɱ
һֱڡ
־ЩüĿˣֻƺкܶ⣬ɫĪεΪʲôҪɱĪأ
Լ°͡
˿˹
ܸоһе֮£Ÿεܡ
ɣֽ磬壬ɱ
һеһУ
ƺԤʾʲô
һ̡
ͣ˼룬һĬ֮
ţ˹˵һڳдڶëȻ鱨
ǾȻǡ



49 ɡ

˹˵һ˾㤵顣
λɣҪ첿Īǿļ壬¾ٷ֮ʮϵ飬ռеľƬռоɢʧعԪֽ磬عϹʱľ塤ƽ״̬
Ҳعֽʱһ̣綯֮ʣ޾ر֮˺ѺĻԾĻǧĿֲ
ƻͽС


һлع鵱Ļδ̬֮
¾ĪΣɫĪΣɫĪֻΪռ塣ɫĪҲҪ¾һգֻǺɫľȴһֱδҵ
ȴԵɺ֮£䵽С
ݣ
λɣôĲΪأޣҾǹҲʶɣֱǻƤķ档
ݶֶΣ˵ǻƤҶˡ
ȻԽΪλɾǻƤԭ塣
Ҳֻǿ󣬺ݶĪΣʸΪһĿֲƤ֡
Ƥܱ֮֮Ϊλֵʹ֮һΪǵսΪǼƻ쳣񶾡
ǴԻƤף֮£ǿҲ޷֡
ʱƤ֣λֵʹӣȴ֮ƤƤƤԹ䣬볣⡣
ŻƤֵϢʵǳʹӣֻҪõܡ

˹Ծ
һ䣬˻ƣһ˿
˲ƻ˵ҪԱܶڲ飬֪ĺ١
ֻǣЩ²⣬˹ãҪжϣ²Ӵ⡣
˹Ƭ̣˵
Īǣ΢΢һ㶡
ɫֱ䡣
ѵиϢ
֮ǰλҪٵѾĪëȻˣɫĪη²ҲһĿ־壬ԭڸ߸ϵλɵĳݣѾȫʧ
ȴ룬ȻϢ
Īĳ֣Լȷ²ԭΪϣϢ󣬻ôһ㼸ȴңȴ߸ݣֱӾҪٵ硣
찡
絽ôˣ
ûǵĻ·ˡ
ôоǰ;ԽԽڰ
һƬ磬κϣ
껹еӰ΢΢ףɺɫĿֱſ˹
˵ȥ
ƻˣѾ˽壬ǷֻЩЩߵȼĪתʲôҲ֪
ɫľ壬ƺҲҵĢɭСﻹһȺɫĪΡ
˽⣬֮󣬾Ҫչ¾ж
ɫľҲλһλ쳶׵С
ֻö壬ƺЩ⡣쳶һֱƿö壬֮̽أԣҲˡΪλɻ˲Թԡ
ɫ壬һֱǿ˶׵ĿꡣһаɫĪкڹȼڡҲǺڹڹȼɱдɫĪĵԭ򡣡
˵Ҳһ˿ѪԨԴ
ֻ͸ڵΪЩνĻɲ١пܵĻһΪ׽
˹ԾԾԡ
һﲻڴţųΪ˵һͷֽˣһʵԽԽǿɵĹҲԽԽ࣬ǿʮֵĹ졣
ӵǣ˲Ĺ
Ӱȥ٣ʱͬ˲һ֡
ٶȺܿ졣
ʳѪ꣬ɾ
ܲߣڹ£Ѷ˺һһڹ¸ԭ
˵ѲһͿ
Ȳ˵Щж껾ã̳ԼʤĹֽˣϵĿǡ
˹˴󲿷ϢʵЩϢûжô漰λɣԿ˹Լжϡ
жϴ˲ҪΰǼ
껳
ص㣬һǺڹڿ˶׵⡣껻˺ڹȼ֮أ˵кڹȼ嶼ˡ
˶׶Ҳǳ顣
˵һеĺɫҲ˺ġ
Ҫ֪ôܿйأоҪһöҲ˵
еڶ⣬ǹɫˣ˾Ҫ¾ɫĪΣ׼һ֣
⣬ԾʹȾ⣬ѾҪʮʹӡ
񣬻벻ջ
ңĹҲҪİֽ
Ҫ֪ǿÿһλֽˣҪǧ֮һķΧ
ټ֮ǰõЩ֮صҶ
˫ǿ
û취ġ



50 ֲ
һ߸Сʱ
֮ҲǶʮһСʱ֮
ĪԵڰɫĪκͻɫĪοзԵʮƽҵķΧ
Ģɭ֣
ҲɫĪϢء
ΪĢɭ쳣Σգ˵ֲеɫĪοͨ⣬ĪκͨƬ޴Ģɭ֣ҲΪɫĪİѡ
ȻһΣİѣҲҪʧȥˡ
ɫĪκͻɫĪμ˴ĪξӣŽ˵ĪߣɰɫĪκڹȼڻɿ˶׺ͻɫĪ䡤ƴ졣
˵ɫĪΣһɫ󲿷ֳʼĪζһΪ֣λĻɡ
Сݳ˳򣬾ͻ֣һȵΪ֡
ĸߴԶԶȥһ㡣
ȻԾֽƬ壬ڲѪܽȵȣѾȫ
٣Ҳ࣬໹Ҫ£
۾һ˿ʵļ˵ͬԪ߳ľ顣
һλŮԻɫĪΣڹȼڣһλɫ裬һ˿ѱɫĪΡ
ʱսѾݱĽš
ŵĢɭ֣ȼܵĻ棬λҲǹݵģҪɫĪλ档
ʵѾһˣĢɭֶȼմ
˵Ģɭ֣طʮء
Ĵ⣬ŲƬɭָ֣ǧٹֵĢ
еɡ緿ӴС
еĸƣȾ
еľƯء
еɢӯӯ󣬿Ȳʺ
еĢо綾ֲֻ޺ġ
Ȼֻһ㣬ĢɭֵĿֲ˵
ľսһǣУڵĢӡ
Щӣǵ壬Ѫ֮УѸٵķֳ
ͷųͷƤĶء
öأ
Ѫⸯʴ
񾭶أ
дλأ
긯ʴضӵС
˵ĢӣֱȹֵȾԻҪֲ
ֵȾԣпܿȥתɹֵʹӡ
ʴûκλתأҪôΪӳɳӪƷҪôͱС
ֺһ֣ͺܳˡ
ֻ·һֽ׶Σ¶غֵɫĪǣû˵ʲôӵ´ġ
ӵ࣬ĢһĢ໹Ҫࡣ
еȭͷС۾ͿԿ
еӣС΢ʹ㲻ҲԴƤУ޿ײȥ
ʤ


һɷ綸Ȼ
λɫɲһ䣬ӰģһȻѾŲƵ˷ڵһࡣ
ÿٶȣ
Ȼ󣬹

Ⱦң
ô£

ʹ
ԭڻĻưֽ˶飬ǧˣȻȫʹİ
ֻЩһеĺץԼֱ壬ȻӲİֱ˺
еԼֽͬһȻȫãһù֣߳˶ĵŨ֭
еıͷͷһֻ޴ĢƬֻ̣Īʳһա
еֱ˹ȥĿһ飬Ʈϸ΢ӷ۳
һЩֱӴӸλ˸ָĢ쳣Ļȴ˺Ȼʧɫ
һʱ֧飬
ڲĪζڷڴֻ֮һ
ûµĪΣѸٵתƵλɵߣһԴֵĿǰһС
һʧǧ
ܲľ
ǰһֱ˵ĢɭֵĿֲ˵һʼôšۼˣȷʵŷɫ䰡
ĪƺӵõսʣʹҲû˿ҡ
Ѹ٣ޱȵĶ㿪˷ڣ˻Ҵĸ˺
Щʹ࣬ĢʴĪǣҲûܷá
żӿĪΣ罩ʬһ󲿶ӣ󲿶ѸĶӲͦţԭء

ôͻȻˣ


ͲţܳײƬɭ֣
ߣɫĪΣﰹļһȡΰҪΪ֮ۡ
˶ŭ壬ּѸٱִȥ
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Ȼǽʮ侲ĴڣûͺܶࡣӵԪطֶΣȻȫֹ֣Ҳ󲿷Ⱦʴ飬ϢظţЧ̫á
˼ţһʱĮȻ
䣬ҲǺʱֹͣĿٴ峺ȴûѡ
ڵϣڵķλ
һ
ѵһ͸Լ
ⲻܣ


56 ѪΪѪ
ܿ껵ı壿
ܣ
ֻǿĸ֪ԸоǸλһλޱȿֲޱǿ󣬺ƺڰ֮Դ޾Ԩħ֮顣
˵鶼ȷ
ǿֲŤУУѹָУֱ顣
ͺһδ֮¶Ĺ
ƵϢĳЩطҲܹ
أ
У
ԣ뾧Ƭڲĸо
䰵ľ
ǼλɣܹĪӱΪԵɺ֮¸һ־ڲܣЩܺǹǿ鴴֮Ϣ
ЩϢݣֻԼ֪
λյľϢҲͬ
֪һ˺εϢ
ֻÿɻϢҪġ
磬ԭ壡
ڣȻٴθܵ˾еϢԼڻɫлõһЩϢ
ɫԵʮֲ԰ס
Щ
Ƭ̺
ֻ¶һ㣬ٴóԼǸصĽëʡ
۾ڵķλҧҧһʻֱۣһ嵭԰ɫ֭Һʶ
ɵѪҺ
ëʵıʼѪҺ˲ʶѪҺУһðһ˿˿Ļɫӫ⡣
٣
Ѫ䣡
ֻλŮԻдһ־Ȼ۶˲ܵȻײ
ȻһҪƶܡ
Ȼ
޴֣ײ˹ϣȻըѡ
һƬʮƽ׵ĹըķѣΪޡ
ǡ
ͻȻɴ۾һľ
ɢԼ棬ޱֲľ޴Ӱ
ǿҵĹŤϢ

ֻǿһۣ;Լ궼ҪŤһ㡣
ͷһʹ
־
ֲ
޾ڰ
ȻûǿĿ־۲졫
ܵѸϣһӵʱ䣬¸յķΧ
һ롫
ȿȣ
֪ΪΣͻȻҵĿǲϵ洦ѪҺСĸƬ
ת
˿̵ļ޾
ǺεȵĴڰ
ʹܹݵġܿһۡ
ɵˣĪϹȴ˵У󲿷Īζ޷ֱӾģᱻǿ壬ջΪɻҡ
ڵ״Ƕôƣ
ĹֶΣԼѪҺΪǣԽëΪ壬ͷŵѪҺ䣬ȻЩû
һ֮󣬱㱻ļ²ڰϢֱ𵴵ɢ
ɵصķɡ
ǵڰģӰٴζ˸صľˡ
˵ʽģʩչ䣬õ䣬ҵȵȡѪҺʩչѪ䣬Ϊǿ
ھȻһЧҲûУȫʧˡ
̫˼ˡ
ʵ֪˵ҲֻһֲˣڲŤϣʲôֵܹ
ֱǹعǰˣ󵶣
͸ˣ
ʼ־壬־ۣջ۳ɺӡ
֮ѿ˿Ӻ󣬱һʰ
ƺѾ޷ء
һֱĻɫ֣ɢЯϢأʴȥ
ȻԾ֯Լееֿ޼¡
еĿ־壬ʱԽԽʢѾʼʶģ
ϢصԻЧԼֿ֯ʵǣѾȫûжˣ̱ڵϡ
Ψе
գ
Ȼʲô¶ûй谭ղһĹͬӡԼϡ󡣡
껿һ㱻ʴתȷѾû˵ֿ֮ŷ
ղѪΪĹʮֹ죬ʱռľ룬껸ոտ۵ֺһ̱ײ˹ϡ
ʮƽ׵ĹѹΪޡ
ǴӹԺ󣬴δġ
ܱƹԽ͹껲׽޵ʱֽ¼
ûзΪ޵״̬
˿̣һԼĹֻʣ170ƽ׵ķΧ
ȻһС֣ӶԹ˺һ˿ݺݵλƴ꣬ʹȫʴȾߡ
䣬ƺͷԼ򵥵Ĺһȡе鼼ȫԸķһȾ
ⶼȫ̬ˡ
ȫһҺɫ
ֹƬ
ͻȻɫһϲ
ˣ
˶Ȼһ̣ʱתɹˣ
ɻתʲôأ
ѵĻǻƤ


57 Ƥ
Թ֮˵һֱЩ˵Уңɣնķи߾ӾҲл˼ħȴںڰĹ֡
Ƥ־֮һ
ȻڡֵϷУƤֻǹֵλʹӣԹۡ
Ŀ̶ֲȣʵѾСĹˡ
ʵһֱԻƤֳһʼûаȾʴĻƤϾֵȾʲôᣬȻͺԭеϵһȫҲܻ⡣
󲿷ʱ䣬⣡
ϾȾʴǲɿصģû˻֪ȾߣŤɺ
ڣƻƤǰһʱ侹Ȼȷϣ⵽ǲԼĿҪõĻƤʹӡ

ȫµ壬֪ԺһֻĪλȾŤɡŤ䣬ȫӵ˺ڰ벻ꡣ
òһֻöƤƤúϻӦ飬ѪΪʳϲʳĸࡣ
Ƥ
ǻƤ
ûˣ
껿ǰù֣Ѿûһ֮ǰӣһƵĹ
Ըо̺żµƣϵļǿ
ʮƵĹŤϢɢ
ôվȹֽʹӣǿ˲ֹһ
ͷתĹֽˣͷƤǰͬСһ㣬Щɪɪη岻ǰ
ЩתƷ͸Ӳˣһ־Ŀž޴ûƤҳһ¡
ԱߣһĻƤĿ˶ġ
ָо

ȵھõġ
񣡡
ùƺſ˶һУֻѾΪȫµ壬һΪ塣
˺ܶϢ껵ģԼһЩֵʹӵϢ
ǿ˶ȴֲǿ˶֮ͬǰЩתĹֽһ
ֻЩֽˣǿҲӶ
ڵĿ˶оԼʵԴǰԼʮ
껾Ŀţ֪ʶϵѾͷƤϢϣϳһӡ
ʹ壺
˶
ͣƤ
һֽǮ˻Ƥӵвԣ
ܶƤ
ȼλ
ֽǮ
˵ͷƤָոյûʹûƤܣû֧ţֻһͷûгɳĵλȾŤ
Ȼûиˣ֪ʶϵ֪Ϣôһʹ塣
ȷʵһĿȻ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ֻƺ˶ֻǵλʹӣûдﵽƤλʹӵĵȼޡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
껹۲˶ʱҲתɹˡ
ת껸ľϲ
λʹӣ
ʵƺĸתǿҲ࣬һٴﵽλĳ̶ȡ

ͣƤ
һ
ܶƤ
ͳ
ȼλ
˵һͷǱǷĻƤ֣ӵеԣϹʴȾһٴﵽ˻Ƥֵ۷ײ㡣ͳ켼ܣпܳΪʹ֮ǻƤֵߣ
ܣ
ͳ죡
Ǳ
˼
ϲֱ̫ͻȻ
ȻһͷӵǱĻƤ껼ֱҪַˡ
Ůɣϵڱˣ
Ҫ֪ڡֵϷУӵǱı޿ɲһּɽ޵ǿڡ
Ҫ֪ԸֵѵģǶԸӴȾᣬ֮УѶԸľȾеߡ
ǸֵĿֲ⡣
껾֪һͷֵųǻɽ֮
ǹֵû֪ռһƬɽĴ߼ʹӣ类죬ֵϷĨȥ֮ǰͷǱɽеĹֵԾûκϷҹԳɹһ涼
ĸ߼ʹӣλֵϷֻǹǰʹӣ㳹ױıˡ
֪߼ʹӣжôֲ
Ȼ䲻߼ĻƤкܳһ·ҪߣҪΪҲô׵ģҪϸĵϵļʴȾԽԽӽԼֵıʡ
һУܻܿʴɱΪհǱȫͷųЩΣջֵһðġ
һ껲ƽеļ
ߵʹӣ˿ѾλֽˣλƤԼʮλתߡ
ʵƽĪˡ
ʣλɣӲС
ǸµĻƤһҪǰݰ¡
ڣҲʱĢɭɫĪǵʲôˡ
ɫ壬ɫ壬ǵʲôأ
֪˶䣬֪ܶܣǾģΰƻģνɵĵȵء
Щ
ɫĪΣƿɫ˵
һӺ


58 ɫ
δ֪ĴڣԾصĸ硣
ѾС꣬ûκѶˡ
껶ѾϰһﳤʱĲߣʶľãλڿ϶ĸĵؼƻʲôıơ
ȥ
Ҳܲˡ
磬ԽԽӦʱֻͣ꣬һͷֵ˵ֵĹȫͬ򵥻Ϸһ㡣
ڵǿҲڸð̽
С磬ܺ档Ǵʼ֮ö塣ɲķ̫õʱ䣬ͷƤͷֽˣʮλתߣѾƽˡ
˵ʵڶԪתάռĪ˵̫Сˣ̺Ҳ̫С
˻ɣԶ껲κ˺
ӵйѾڲ֮ء
תΪƤĢѾȫ˺ǡŤ˵ʲôܹǣ
һͷǿĹֵ
ҲֻᵼŤɹֵ֣֮ױ
ԣλƤ£껼ûлѶƽĢɭ֡
ɫĪֻдŲֻͺɫĪβࡣ
ڹʴ£ȴһֻûתɹȫΪ˹ϡ
ú߳˸ʹ죬ֲ˱Ĳ
»ص192.4ƽ׵ĵز
˵ÿһͷƤȻṩһƽףҲǰٷ֮һȷʵλʹ֮֡
ڹֽλʹӶǵСһǿ̫ˡ
վһž޴ľϣ껶š
ǿں˾ľˣɫǶĸҫ貵Ĺ
ɫĪΣžɫ干ͬòġ
ܵĸֲֵֹĢɭеĸֹĢܵߵӰӶġ
Կþϣģ壬ʽͬһĢ
ɫļֱͷƤ顣
ܸǻܲ͸ӣƺһ㡣
Щӣɫģ쳣һͲǼ򵥵Ļɫ
ҲǵλɲֱԭЩӰžö߼޲ߡ
λҲ޷ֿ˶֡
ǰϾֽͨ
ǻ𹥣ˮȵȹЩӣ޼¡
ǵĿԸߵס
Եûκΰ취ֱȴƵĢɭ֣úͨĪӲѣ˺ѿһ·
ȴˡ
ѾһѰɫӾץ˳
һ̡
Ȼɢ֦ҶïһĿή˲㻯ΪһɫâͶ˾֮С
ʣĲλҷ
ǿ
껾̾
ɫ껵ĸоͬƺմȾԼĹֵ֮ӵϢ
ɫ̺ȴǿ˵ʲôƵĻǵõʱͬ
ֻǺ̺ĸʱöɫ壬󲿷ֶ
ɫϸѰһû֡
ʹӣ׼غڹ
˴ջΪԲʱ򷵻غڹУһˡ
ҲʮĸСʱ
ڹ޴ľɵС

һ̨ϣһ޴
ǰ˶λãʾΪɵϵλ
޴ĳҲǸͽġ
ñá
ھ޴ϣҺɫĹܣ壬˿ӣֻԺĿһڰӰ
һֻ֣ûϵķ֣һְֻԲĹ֮顣
һߣΣСͿ
·ϢĿ˶䣬һԿ˹Ϊ׵Ĺֽ˺Щתߡ
˿̣˶䣬ѾԼ֪Ϣƻ帴ԭƻȵȶһ顣
ͣһԣ۰Ͱ͵ĵȴ껵ָʾ
顫
顫
顫
֮У껵ָнûţһֵײͬһ㣬лص
һʱѹֵʮ
ڳдڣ˭ҷκҳһ£´ŵϷλ˼
껣˿еҡ
˶ھһЩϢ˼ԭΪֻһȽصƷˡ
ǲȫϽ̵ĹֵҲǹ
λƤϢȴԶԶֹЩ
һЩݣеľ
뵽ڱĵֽӴεʵܡ
ԣӦ
еɻԽŨ



59 㡤

һֱ˼ıʣΪʲôԱδ֪ڸģ
ͬϷһ㣬磡
ȷʵݵģλƤĻȴ˻ɡ
硫
мţνı硣
磬ڵĵ򣬶֮ǰ硣
ƼħҲûκιķȻ
ֲ࣬жɽش󴨡
Ȼһ죬νıʵ磬˵ʯϿ׶һĻ
ƵĸɱԼӣְСŮͷǹƿͷƤ˰ֽ
СŮ֪ΪξȻڤڤеĴڣץΪ
Ϊ壬޾Թ֮£Ϊ˴ڣԺֻмȶĹĹֵڱܵʹ£ϵԼͷƤֽϣԻ壬ѩޡ
ϧһδζʧˡ
֪ʱ
ڤڤСŮɹڰֽϴһά硣
ֵ顣
Īξ֮һ
ܿϧĪ̫СˣԳڵ
ƺƬؿʼıˣĳڤڤеĴڣҲ껿λèèڵĶƬάصĹһٽΪά硣

̣󣬵ĪǿԳСŮУĸա
һͷȫ͵Ĺֵƺ͵ˡ
ڰŮѪȵȡ
ϧһ첻֪ʲôӣͻȻƮһƻҺɫȾ˾һ֡
Ϣƣǿʴûа취ֿ
ֻһһΪ
ڻư׾У˶⣬ڴưĪɱ쳣࣬°ռɢ
磬ٴθգ
ڻư׾УԤԣյĴڣǣ뿪Ƭǰʵ硣
߱磡
ǾдϢ
һĳĬ
ʵ
˵Щ֮ؾСŮΪֶݻɣһ첻ñ֮ؾͻȥ
ֱĪϡ
Ҳһֱ
ⲻϼλͨΪɣҲǿ˶˵档
֮һٵƬ磬ôΪʲôˣ
Խľ
ƬСԽãԽܸо
ͬνǳˮ֮һ㣬ƴĺȴԾʱϢΣա
ȻÿƬУܣǹġ
ھжܡ
˶ܡ
ЩܸǷĹƬһ㡣
鿴һ£ڣƺ̺ڷƬһ··
λɣһöƬҲ֪ΣѾȫڣͬˡ
ЩƬھڲķģ
ǻһö
˿̡
üͷĵǾν磬磬ʲô
ѵ磿
֮⣬νı磿
ֱ߸ʮۡ
ѧ
ϳ
νı磬һƵأ
ƽ磬磿
ͬĪ򣿡
껲²š
Ƭֻ̺ҡҡͷеɻ󲻽⡣
Щ̽ģǵԺǿˣϸ̽ɡ
Դ翪ʼλδ֪ڸ죬֮ǰصܣԽԽı¶˳
Ժ󲻶ϵ̽ĿԽ⿪εܡ
ܹ֮ȷǣʹԼν磬Ҳʵݵġ
Ϸ磡
Ҳõļ
㹻ˣ
ֻҪŬϵǿһ죬껣Ԫһͷֵֽҿһе⡣
˼ЩϢ
껰ע˾ϡ
ǸСŮģλƤУܹȷϣСŮѾΪ˾ֵ
ĪС磬Ϊֵλδ֪ڸġ
ϧͷֻиĹֵûеȫ͸ˡ
൱ڻ
ֻǲûгȥлḴա
磬ԭһָյķ
ʱԾֵƺСŮɵĹ
ֵӦûӦͬһǻۡ
Ժֻкڰȵȡ
ͬһμȶĹ
Ҳ˽⵽Ĺֵơ
ͷĴڣӵǻۺĹֵûƵ
ڹֵϷУֵֶ˵ǲӵһǻۡ
󲿷ѧΪֻһŤĹĳŤԴͷȾԴ
ҲһΪֻûһǻ۶ѡȴӵǻۣͬ³վ֧ߣ⡣
ԣֵΪУʮֹ죬͵ֱ緢
ڹֵУҲֻһ־أ
˭Ҳ˵
ԣּȶĲű֮Ϊֵ
ԢΪ
Ť޷̸
ܶ䣬棡



60 

νܣԡ
ֻǣֽ׶̫٣ʵҲ㣬̽˵漰ײܡ
ڣڵʵȴĪ硣
ȻˣǱƣ
ƬСѾĹˣЩˡ
ڣ
ûƤǱԣ˶䣬ɹλҲûгĻɡ
֮ص쳶֮⣬ڵĻɶ䵽С
ֻǺܿϧתȫʧˣλɲɣӶʣһ㡣
ͬʱɫ壬ɫҲǴ˻ö˹ͬܵĽ壬Ҳѹ˹
ˣö껵öֻ쳶еĺɫ廹ˡ
쳶ټҲ֣˵һ֮УͿ˶Ѿǰ׷ɱ
򾲾صȴͬʱȫʴȾĪΣ˽ʮĻưĪκ󣬶ĪͨĪһպʹڱƵ˾λ֮ࡣ
ֻһͿˣ
ĽܿһЩصϢǳڴ
һЩʮõҲ˵ء
ֹһʱ䣬쳣꣬һʹӳٳٲɹĿ˺ɫĪϵʱ
˶䣬һֽڻˡ
쳶
Īֽ˵ĽǶȹۿ쳶Ǹ˧磬üĿģطɡ
ϧ˿쳶ΪǱһֱੲݵĶſ˶˵ʲôֱ껲Ӱȫסˡ
ţɫһ䣡
ĺɫӶ̼䲼ֽʵ塣
·ļ¡
һԹ𣬲꣬»ҺڰϢ֣
Ȼǡ
ֵϢ
䣡
쳶ȻޱȿֲȻ˲˿˶˵
˻˻
ĿУԢⲻ˻˻Īһߴߴ
Ȼһץ۳Ӵĺɫ籩Уǵأɨһе̬Ϯȥ
ʹӸ赲
˲Ϣ
Ȼ
΢΢̤һ
ͬʱһֱ֮еĹצ
һ̽˽ߵĺɫ籩У
һһ
£ɫķ籩Ĺצ±һͷѾȫ˹ӡ·ֽ˱ץ˳
ֽ˵Ķͷϣһöɫľ塣ԾɢһƵĺɫ
ֵ
Ѿֳֵɹ˰
˵Ǿֵﵮһʶ
ϧʹʱ̣һɵһ
δɳѾʴɹֵվûвԣȻˣ㳹ȥɣ
ڵķģҾȴ֮ˣ
껵Դ˻Ʊ䣬⻹ĪС󣬵ڶο˵
צ΢΢쳶ֽʹİ
һ
ƶϣһȻӲѺɫ쳶ԴϿ˳
䣡
һɫ󱩶ѹȥ쳶ֽ壬ȫΪ˷ɻҡ
ûһ˿ĺۼ
һĺɫ壬Ҫ뾧С
Ϊãһҧϡ
ͬʱ껵£˳źɫ忪ٵĵ·һͬ˺ɫУ
뵱ʴöľƵĳٴݣ
һΣռ֮һƬ
ͷЩƬУ˺ɫ壬ĶԭֵʶƬ
ϾֵȻ껴˽֮·û˲ԡ˵ףԾһͷȫֻһŵĴڡ
кֶܶΣԼգٴθ
ƬеЩʶǸյ֤
ֻǣҪľ壬Ի㳹ȥɣ
䣬ޱ顣
һĵͳ˻ơ
һԹ˻˻ʶױɢͬʱԿķƬӱɢʶ¶۳һöСͷƬ
Ǵһöĵ֮һ
⣬껵һ
˼飡
⾪ϲ̫ͻȻ
Ȼķģ
Ȼֻ֮һ
⾧ֵȻûг׽ĲֵѾγġ
ԾɲĹֵʹֻһ㣬Ҳûֲԡ껿ԻӶȡģ
ֱ֮컯
ΪֵӵвԣķѾֵȫΪһ塣͵˹ֵڵķģ޷ȡֻܵ䲿ַƬŹֵĸգڵķԾɻĸ
ڣ껼ֱ൱ڻһöµķѣ
ֶȡֵĵֶΣڵġֵϷУǰδţδ
ͳ⼸ö壬ԽԽ
öģʲô



61 ڶö

öȫۼ
ںɫͺɫ壬ѾȫС
ԴΪھ帴ԭ֮ʣ壬һٶ÷ģƿö塣
屻һ๴ɫɫɫɫɫɫɫʽӦ
һ̣
һ籡ö˲һ
ĺɫӶ
ԾΪģѸٵչȥ
֮һжݻ١
Ϊ˷ɻҡ
껾Ķڹ֮УɪɪĺɫĪκ;λʹӣʮֻתߡ
ͬһʱ䣬𽥵ܱ󣬶Ϊ˺ɫ±ա
ɳһ󣬱ٴͷųɫĹ⻷籩һ״ݻƬ硣
ע⵽һźɫģԹСŮףھи֡
ûǻۣ࣬ȶĻ
𡭡
𡭡
ͷƤ
ɭɭͯлصܿʼһɫ籩
һһ֣
գأɭ֣ھ޴ĺɫ籩С
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68 ӡǡ񳱡

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70 Ѫɣ֦

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71 

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ֻǰѪҺδ֪ܵѪҺŨȴﵽһ󣬻γɵૡ
ߣѪΪɵķƷֻԵɺ֮մȾ˶䡣ѪҺ̺Ķ
ºߣһʱһֱѪţӵһ˿˿
ڣȻЩ֦ðѪҺڿ˿˿ڵ૶ЩĹȻ
ȻںЩૡ
ǣΪʲô
ΪʲôȻЩĵ૲˿˿η
ޱȿ̰ô£
ȫһС˺óԵģȴֲҳԣ±һ̬
ǺЩѪҺĴڣ
Ҳǡ
ӹ֦֦ðѪҺѪҺﵽһŨȺ󣬻γɵૣùе¡
㣬ʲôʲôء
ǰǼ״޺ķɣǵЩɫ˿ߡ
ѵҲһֵֹ
첻µزµĹеµģҲֻһֵֹ֮ɣ
һʱ䣬껵ɫ粻ס⡣
ʱ仺عȥ
ֵƬ
̾˿
ˣֵðһԡѰһټɡ
껾̽ɫ˿ߵ顣
Ƭҽص̫ˣȴȥһһ֡
ֵΪһ飬ͷƬĿɹ̽ɭ֡
ֵá
Ȱ˵Լ껰ǽԾѪ֦ӽ˾ռС
ھռУԾѪֻٶ˵˺ܶܶ࣬ѪҺһʱҲٶȣΪһһε״̬
ʱȥ֦ˡ
ھռУʲôˡ
Ҫ֪ռ䣬Ҳһǿֵ֮ذ
ôܼ򵥵ˣ
У뿪Ưţص·纣һҽ֮
·ҽ֮ҲżһЩķɣ
ҲǷһЩɣɣڵصҽȻӿĵҽټƾǷɣӵȶҽĹЧ
Ǹεԭ
Ͳö֪ˡ
ΪԷͻȻĸ壬ٴγա
ֻܾĿɣֱԵǰǰûбҪĻǲ̫Щɣ̫Σˡ
ԵλãֻҪСͷϵ׹Ļ㰲ȡ
һСǰһŬռһЩʶĻԾ壬ط࣬껾ÿԶռһЩģռ䣬̫飬裬Ҫܶܶྦྷľ塣
Щƣ
ҲӶࡣ
ǰ˴һǧףٴ鷳
ͨеĿҽӵϣϰٸ޴Ļ磬ռӵǺХžһ棬ӵŰ
ص
ͬ޵ĺС
Щʲô
֮ôܻϡŹֵ



72 аħ

Щ磬ʱĽһ۳ɸĸͷһַɢ˿ɢһѸСĸ塣
ЩһֻоԴͬһ㣬Щ㱡
֪Ӻζĵƺڶơ
ЩȻʼĹ嶼΢Ӱˡ
˼
ૣ
ǴӺζ
Ϊʲô˵ֵһ̶ܵӰ졣
Բͨ䣬ڹֵ֮ȾŤȾֻʲôֵɵģ
껳ĬĬ˼
˿̣ƬĻ֮سֵֹѾЩ²⡣
ֻǶԼĲ²⣬ȥ֤
˵ûʵݡ
ֻצۼ浰ǣٵɽľ޴ߣȻҽ󣬺ɫѪ˿϶ɣѪһķɣǰЩ硣
Щ
ź嫵ҽӵϵٸ磬һı̹ǡ
аħ
ԣ
аħʲôģҲֻǹֵһַʽưˡ
ǹŴ࣬ʶֵֶӶ֡
Щ磬ǹֵҲǹֵʹӡ
ûϸܵŨĹֵϢ
ЩҲͨȻ󣬶δ֪Ĵڣ
̺ſֲ
ǲ飬ȷϡ
ôǵʲô
껲֪һжһδ֪⡣
֮ǰҲᵽˣ²⵽һЩֻûʵݣ̫ˣʹԼҲԸŰˡ
ô²ʲô
壬һֻŵĹֵ
ɽ嶼һֵֻ
֮ǰĽ磬ǰЩֻڣڼһĴڰˡ
ҽͷֵѪ֯ɫ˿ѪܾʯĹ֯Щ֣Ҳֻܿһּ棬ֻһڵĹ١
и档
ǺҲ롣
һȻûʵݣȴӵһЩԵĲ֤ݡ
ͬѪһķɣ
Щɫ˿Ծĳֹһ֯
ӵо޴ĶߣԵʳ
Щૣ԰ͨŤͷֵĹֵ֮
ַֻǳĹֱʴ˼ҸרҵҲãЧҲ졣
Ȼ²ĳĻôͷֵĿͷҲǹ˵ˡ
˼ҵڡ
ֻ֪ʶϵûиκμϢƺ֪֪ʶ˼Ĺڡ
Ȼ˼ʱһؼ
ʽӹֵ
ʽֵΣճ̶
ʽ綨ʹӵȼƶ
ʽ綨޵ȼ
һĵ紴һ㣬ʥ١
һ̣ǰһֱùֵϷһЩƶȵȣʽĸ硣
һþûˣһ͸ְţ
һȣ˿³ֵƶȵϢȻ
ֵ໮֣ĵĲ࣬󲿷ùֵϷĻַʽֻһαƬʽˡ
滨쾰
ˡ
լء
δ֪⡪̸
죬֣ܣ̸ĺһͳΪֵ
ѪͰŮСֻ滨쾰еĹ졣
δ֪ͬˡ
ǰ֮ϡڻ뾰֮ϡ
ɱľֵδ֪е̸
Ϊֹ껻ûмһĹֵǹܡ
¿
ֵΣճ̶ȣ˿ʽ綨Ϊֻͨţ
ÿһ֣ϸΪһʮʮʱ̶ȡ
˿̵껣ʵֵľͨ֡
ʹӵȼһҲû䣬ֱá
λԼߡ
ͬʱһΣ綨ֵֹϢָȷˡ
ڹĪ޶ˣڻݲݺһЩڹͷʳʬȵȣеЩ󲿷ֶһࡣ
ڹܣһЩյĵص㣬Σյլӣ紫еԹȣլȵȡ
̸ͱȽ˼ˣܶ࿴ƲڹֵΣޱȵ߿ŵ͡
һֿϢɱ˵Ĺ¼Ϣ̸綦ĤҲڴˡ
ڹֵϷУֹһͨĳ㱻ɱ¼
ʱνǺ䶯һʱΪҲ֣
գ־ȻһɵĺǲŻȻԭҲһֵֹ
˵ѵ֮ǰĵૣҲ̸һ֣
üͷ
̸ѶԸΪҲǣҲҲɱ˵Ĺɡ
ֻ壬Լɱ˹ɣҲԱ۲⵽
ȻĪ⣬ûǻ۵Ļݲݣǻ۵ĸǻۺûǻۣʵöԸһжδ֪Ĵڡ
ܾ͸˵ˣһ㶼شΣյĽȵȣһֻҪ̤ȥͲԼΣ
ԣϣԹֵУ̸͹ѶԸġǰ߱Ⱥߣ޲ߡ
ѵһͷѾԼһ㣬ʱ̸ͣ
һ߿¸µϢһɨܣЩй˳˼֮С
ɽ壬̺ʲôأ



73 ѪӡѪ

ƬĻ֮򣬿϶Ŵܡ
Ϊֹ껵̽չԾʮֻ˷Щ⣬ûиķ֡
룬õģֻһЩǵľʯ
еͨ壬ô
ҲǱóԵˣֻڻž⾧Ȥ
־ɷζãЧʣʹЧޱȡ
ķǴԵ㼶Ĵڡ
ڹַĵĽ19.999ĳ̶ȣ޷ڽռ̫飬ʱûȥ
߶㹻ˡ
Ҫľַġֻƺöĵĵȼ̫߶ˣĺַ̫࣬򵥣൱ѡ
ʱˣֻǸհϴѵĲǿ˻ٷ֮һԶԶûдﵽ
ƺͨķû̫Ľãֻиǿľ壬Ч
ʹҲ⣬˷ָ
껲²⣬ַܿĵҪһЩϣӦһЩ⾧塣
ϡٵĿռԾ壬ʱԾȵȡ
ЩҲᡣ
ַĵԾصԶ
Ȼ껱ΪλشڣѾʱ趨
׼֮̽ʱ
飬֮ٴ
ݣһĿɨܵĻ֮͵һ
һθûϣǰֻǿθˣֵģĴͣ
ʽɽޣʽ񻰹ޣʽѪ֮ӵϵıΪΪѪ֮񻰴˵еĹޣ֮Ϊɽޣ
ʽӹֵʹ
¹ͼӷࡣֵʹӣޡ񻰹ޣ񻰹ޡɽ
Ѫӣ񻰹ڵѪ֮Ѫӣ
ӷֺ׺壨ѼѪӣϳһѪӶ֮Լķغ壬Ѫ֮غ壬ķΧǡ߼һ֪Χ
ӷֹԡ㣬ʱֹ趨
һϢ
ÿһ껶𵴣ѡ
һ˵ֻ൱ǰڵĸǳɹˣλڣʽֹʽѪ֮
һַչ֮ǿ
ڿһ·ߡ
ֵӵзĹ򡪡ֵ֮
񻰹ޡӵб顪Ѫ֮
ޡӵб١ͨ
١̺ЩķƬ
ԣԿӵеѪ֮ҲǱƬγɵ
ָӵһԣȫͬ
߸⣬࣬Ĺֵ֮ڹ֮
ǰߣֻһɺܶƬγɵˡ
Ѫ֮Ա֮ΪѪ
ǾλޱѣΪҲɹģȻֻǹƬҲһĲԣԱУŽѪ֮
Ѫֵ֮֮ȴͬ
һΪһΪ
߲ͬն
ĸϢһġ
˵Ѫ֮ѪӣΪ˸Ӻ׺
ˣޱȵĺ档
׺壬ڹֵϷиûзУ껲֪
ϾĿ˵Ѿ˹ֵı־ƷＸĵġ
֮ǰǰ㣬ѵһô
ҲԪسڣĻأ
أ¶
ĸ伣ˡ
ҲǴ󲿷඼ߵǱں֮·ﵽ߳ɾͣԼѪ֮Ϊ
ΪҲǺѵġһһֵȱ죬󲿷˶סʴ˽·;ϡ
ܹı٣ѪսΪֻʮ˶ѡ
Ѫӵĳ֣Ǹܸ߶˵Ĳ
ֻΪ˹ֵƵġ
ȻҪΪ˺ߡ
Ϊ󲿷ֵֹڼȶŤһ㣬вǿıܣЩһרȥɱҪϳԵѪӶԼģֱ졣
ĸء
ں׺ľ˼Ҳ˽һ¡
Ĺַģ׺Ǹֶһ¡

һһαɱеĹûͷ­ҪϻͷĹȵȣ
Ǹ֣һЩĺ塣
ֻǣô껶оһ̶ϱһ㡣
ԣ׺϶иεĺ壬ܺһЩѪӣϳѪ򵥵ĶԼķ֡
ܻܿ漰ԺķչǱ
һģĸϢ
ֹԡ㡭ͣ졭
ϢƼ򵥣ʵ𾪵ԭ֮һ


74 ̸

Ĺԡ㡭ͣ졣
仰Ȼܼ򵥣ϸͻ̺ᷢŷǳ̵Ϣ
ĹҲᣬϵ˼һʱҲʲô
ҪǺ棡
㣬ͣ죡
˵ʲô
˵δ֪ڸҲȫ֪ȫܵģҪĳЩſԸ졣
껾ͷ֣ʵݻһЩ񻰹ޣŵ±δ֪ͨأмЩϢ类졣
Ե棡
ʵ磬δ֪ҪĻǰ̵ģ
򡪡Ե塪ƹ㵽ȫ硣
껿ɹԼķΧƺһ˲١
δ֪ڷһЩ飬Ե壬һ̶ȸĸ졣
ûгƹ㵽ȫͷмԵ׶ΣɲԵĶֱҪ̫ࡣ
Ԫڣ󲿷ֶǴԵ׶εģ
Ϳֵܷܲˡ
ʱĹƣ©Ҳࡣ
ԽԪڣ©Խ١
Ϸһ⣬⣬һ㡣
©ʱƣ첻ϵ룬𲽼٣ȫʧ
껣һ׶ε©ԴΪԼȡ棬Ӷϵǿ
һĳ̶ֳϽʱӵһĹܡ
ңδ֪ڲǿԸ磬ֻһƽ㣬޷ֹ
˵δ֪ҲֱӶвơ
Ҳ껸ӷˡ
ʵ֮ǰôˣǴ̩ɽ¼ǸɽѣǶ԰ŮĽӰ죬ȡֵķģЩԿΪһ̶©ĿӣΪԼȡΪ
͹ֵϵĹڣӵԼǻۣҲˣûضԵС
ȫȲЩǿĹֵ
ǱҲԶԶ硣
ʱ䣬ֹ©ڹֵϷ֪ʱ
ֻҪŬǿĹֵ֮
û֮һ
ǰʱ䣬ʱͣˣĺСһǻһͷײڶء
ԣһҪŬ©
͵ѸλϷˡ
˼ҲϷиֽѵʱװ޵Ԫֵȯʲôġ
ʲôûҪ
ֻ©ʱһЩƷһҲְɡ
ţ
֣
껵˵ͷʱоԼ󣬴Ӱ겻©˲ΰظҵΰˡ
ΰ飬ֽ׶Ҳֻܰ쵽ˡ
ˣΪѵһ԰ɡ˭൱Ƭء
ҰҰ죬εʼ档
ֻڹ֮УʶΪֲ
ԽӲ䣬˵ʼˣԼЦЦ
˵߹Ѿͨλĳ̶ȡ
ʱɢУҲ˲ۡ
˵Ѿôã͸ֻԼԼӰӣʵ˲١
ͺڴãһʵ
ַĵĽƵٷְٵĻ۳һĹ塣
ˣ
ʱʲôأ
൱ڴġ
ֻڹӷıڰٷ֮ʮĽϲô൱ŭ
ȴû˿취
Ľȼֱӵ֪᲻Ժÿٷ֮ʮһơ
֮ǰӣʮа˾Ҳˡ
ѽƽٷְٵĳ̶ȣ
ڴַĽٷְٵĵز룬ôȡķģôȡѪأ
գ
ǿĹֵӵгһöϵĵġ
ֻһöַģ˵СһͿ
Ȼöˣһһ̩ɽ¼Ȼѡ
öѣ൱ڴġ
˴¼ṩ˳֮еĻ룬ʵ׽硣
֪öķģֻǺεȵǿ
ֻǵΪֹԾûпףҲ֪ڼŷģҪȴĳЩ
ҪںϷеطģҪĵĵȴ
ڣδ֪ƺ伣껵˵϶ְĶĸʵ飬߽Եȥˡ
Ҳʲô껰Ŀ·˻֮ϡ
ĿһֱЩתĻ
һԡ
Ϳ㵽̸أǹܡ
լǹܣδ֪Ϊ̸
ƬĻ֮δ֪૵׻ʲôء



75 Ʒ

֮򣬵̺źεȵأ
껲ö֪
ֻǲ²⣬̸ܿ߹ܡ
լصĹܿԸһ㡣
ΪΨһһʵûмĹֵ࣬ʵͦġ
ϷУҲֻһ֮ضѣĹֵֵͬطֻǸȴӵйֵԣеѷ֡
Ĺֵ֮ҲĺܣֵȻͬ
ֵܻһ˿ԣ뿴Ҳ
ܣȴǸ
լеκζǹܣƬ֮ء
һ˫ЬӣܾǹլԴȪ½е飬ضᱻЬӶϣմһ˫ѪѥӣС
޷顣
һھɢŲϢˮ֮ˣҹʮ֣һͶȴôҲ̲ʬ塣
кܶܶࡣ
ܶϵ飬ʹܴӹ֮߳Ҳ󲻾ȥ
ЩôģҲ֪
ǵùֵϷصһι¼ڻƤ֮ĵꡣ
ɽ̽գһƾɿУһöɫˮ顣
ڷ֮λ߾Ͳ֪ȥˣϷ˺Ŷܵ¼
Ҳ޷
Ȼڵʼ˽ӶĪʧ١
ˣʬ
һȴȾǣϷȥ޷¼Ҳ޷
˺ܶҽͶϷ˾
Ϸ˾ٷ棬ųƴӲϷ̵ǣһ۸Ϸ̡
ǵһԭסѧ߹ͬղ֪ʲôֶΣˮ顣
е飬öģĳܵһ֡
ҲǵһΣ֪˹һֱ¼ʷУȴδֹش
ʧʮ˺󣬰öͻĿ󶴺¼ŵƽϢ
Ҳǹ״ηīǳ
¼Ҳ֮Ϊܣֱ
˵漰öģкܶأϷٷʱδ͸¶Ϊɣܾ͸¶κϢ
ЩߣҲлصһֲ
ʵ룬ĹֵϷϷٷ͸ܶɫʣҲкܶ಻ĵط
ֻʱǨڿЩҲûʲôҪˡ
˵ܡ
֮ܳΪֵֹأĪģҲδ̶֪̶
޷֪ܵΪ
ֱֻ۵ĸܵƵһƬլء
ʱҲûض壬һƬլأǹܡ
¼
ûʵֻǸ󶴵һ֣󶴲ڹܡ
ڣƬ֮򣬺ܿҲˡ
ûмǴĻֵֹȴǻᵮƷǵ֯ЩȻΣգȴӵиĪúõĻ
껰ĥš
ֵϷУԴӵһֵУֵ֪ùֵֵоʹ֯һֱǰصĿѧо
ѧøֵֹ֯õķƬ˸ָõƷȵƷ
¼úоһȴﵽ۷塣
Ϊܱլأܴ󣬴󲿷Ķпǹֵһ֯
ԺܶðŸָΣգ̽ѰܣѰΣ֮أʹòֶͬΣЯܱܵ֯
ǿԼװ
ùֵϵĲϣװҲ֮Ϊ֮
Ϊ̺ĪĹʹҲ̺żĸãЧǿ
Ծӡ
öϷкڣֱĳǿҵˣλδֶ֪ΣձǶһѾ޴Ļ޽֮С
ÿ޽նʱ򣬾һļʣͷǿõ̼ȥΪɻҡ
Ҳѻ޽ٵǽƷףһֱ˰֮࣬űһѱ˪֮ȡ
ѻ޽ǿߣ껣
ѽҲԳƷ
ԣڹֵֹϡƷ֣ʵʮ˽ġ
Ϊȡö飬һȺЩϡƷ֣˲ʮεĽ
ʽĹܣ٣ҲһЩԸܵľ顣
ԸֵֹҪǿʵҪͷԡ
ǰʵΪ˶ԸܣֻΪԱߣͷԵãǶԸܵ
ûܵ˼ά߼ǿͷԷ籩ܵʲô̸ֺ֪Ը



76 ֮

Ҫܣ߻һЩôõ֮صزϣҪͷԺʵ˫ؿ顣
ȿʵ
ݹڵʵ
ӵöģַƽٷ֮ʮڶνԵַĽȺԲơӵйַĹֵ֮
˵ַľıģܵԤΣðַıķգҲַյ˿ˡ
Ǳģÿһֵ֮ӵеķġ
ȻֺҲǴ󲿷ˣĶӵйַģǵĸ
ÿһöַĵķչ򣬽ܵȵȣֻԲͬ
ظġ
ؼһͷֵôΪġ
һʵֽ׶ȻǿҲ
ͨλꡣ
ֵ֪жǿһֻСĹֵһĳɳһֲ̽ʵԼһһӡ߳ġ
֮ףȴʮֳ⡣
ЩǿֵʱͣԾܳ񻰹ոյѪ֮Ծɲǿδ֪ﻹδֵڣǰеǸ
ܲǿǻۣȴֲҲ޽⣬ѲĹֵ֮һ
ͷԴ籩ľ۹
ʹ㣬Ҳеǰ취Ը
ӵйӵйǽļܣ̶ܴϣڲ֮ء
ֻⶫȼδ֪δ֪δ֪֪ʲô⣬Ҳۡ
ԣ껵ʵˡټΪֵ¹ܵһЩֶΣ֮ǹܣʵķ棬Ա
ͷ
Ҫˡ
ֻйԸЩֵľ飬Ϊǲġ
ôǹܣʲô
Ƭ֮ȫһ֣
Ҳпܵġ
ӣֵͬһ򣬺ܿܶһ֡
ֻǣͺ֯һҪĲλҲвҪĲλ
ͷëȵȾǲҪĲλ
ЩҽԾǲҪ̺Ĺֵ֮ϡ٣û˿ĺۼ
Ҫҵڴԣ࣬ٵȵȵ
ЩطŨĹֵ֮ҲǹܵҪĲλ֮һ̺ĹҲܶࡣ
пܵĻҵܵĺĲλǵطĵ֮أ껿ٴγԶȡģǿ
ܺܿҲУδ
浰ǣ޴צӡɫ˿γɷɣ֦ߣ硭һжпܴĳֹ
ֻ̫ˣһʱҵЧ
Դ֡
껳Ƭ̺ͳһöӣûйѹöһ֣ɢĲϢۿɼһεѪҺ˳ӵľݣһʶ¡
ӣǰϣܿйء
ΪʲôйһöƷӺһֵֹΪλϵͲö֪ˡ
Ƭ̺󣬵µѪҺԽԽ̺࣬ŨŨ֮аϢҲԽŨ
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ܵұϣ䶯ĺɫ˿ߣЩ˿߾һ𣬺ͳһ㣬ұڣҽ֮Уƺȡĳδ֪
Щɫ˿ߵԴڿռ·һ·֮У
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ĹֻƽңǰһѾҪõĹ
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Ȼ⼸֣ȴĸܵһŨŨԹа񣬷ߺ벻ꡣ
ڿĹ֮ϣй½룬ɫ죬ҡ
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ڷĹ֮ǰȴһѣԱһѲ֪ʲôɵİɫľǲһһԶţȻн̫ͬʯһʡ
Щʣڻбȼճɫ壬ƯУ˷ĹϿǰ߲С
ֵǣѵĲ񣬻е̫ʯȴӲ࣬ƶƾճʧһ㡣
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ڹĹҺĹм䶸Ȼѿһ޴Ŀӡ
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ʺɫѪˮӷĹѷУʶ
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78 һС

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һסе𾪣ŸղŴ̲ѪҺпľ
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껶ֵֹֹеλ࣬˵ʵ̫˽⡣ڹֵϷУҲֻ˵ֵȷѪꡣ
ֵֹ˵ʵǿǹĵطֵ֮ľռ䣡
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ҲΪռ䣬껲޷⵽һĴڡֻǲѪҺΪľӿռУӦʱͣԣҲ̺ھӿռС
Ҳ˵ʱֻͣǱľеľĹֵ֮ľռ䣬ͬѪѪأŮĺˮ̶һ㣬ʱͣӰ졣
֮Է̲ѪҺǾռ壬Ϊ̲ѪҺȻֻŵѪӵ֮ߡ
ǼһͷӬһ㣬ҵתţȴôҲ档
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·ؾдأֻǼ򵥵ĲһֻЩѪҺǹ·ء
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ֵ̺Ĺ̺ȾԵȵйء
һ㲢⣬ϾΪֵξ岻ꡣ
Ĳԭ㡣
ʧһöŹֵĵѪӣһСɷĹķҲ֪ǿ˻׬ˡ
껸оǺߡ
ϾѪӣȻ죬˵ʵüпޡͲһˣǿΪѨһֽġ
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껿ľ˲Ŀɿڴ
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TMDʲô⣡


80 ȡצ

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81 ̫ӡ

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84 ̫ġӡǡ

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85 컯520綾

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Ըпܣ߷ǣ



97 ַĵ춯

Ըпܣ߷ǣ
껾³ʴİٷ֮һռȨޱ
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ٷְƿռѾ޸һС
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ʴᵽٷְٺһҲԼϳҵı
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ԤûӵĹ˵˻ߺҷ
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ţһ˰ٷ֮ʮѾʴˡҲܰԼṩ´磬׶԰жǮء
ֹţѾȫռ䵱ԼĶ
Уе̫ˡ
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껿ž޴㣬ޱȵοڿһͷԼԶѴ򹤵ʹӡ
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Щɢס
Կſ³ֵ֮Уץ٣ЩžȻһЩҲɢ
ڿַĵĽȣȻЩһռƬͣҲһ
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98 ʬ

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ĿɿڴĿһֱǧ׵ռŻƬ˿㴥Уһİһͷ޴ģϻðŲ㺮棬ҮУ
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һͷеҮܶ౶ֵƵı١
ֻǣͷʬ壬ˡ
һǽǧ׵ռƬһƬģӦþں棬źߵѾʼ顣
껿ľƺһ޴ɽӦˮ¡ܻкܶɢľ壬֪ʲô
ӦǺ˿ҪĵطϳԲ̵ӳ
޴ƬһĶѣΪĹ㣬ܡ΢Щϧ⺮ϳкܶϡŹֵƷڿҲˡ
Ȼŵʱ
Ѿɢֻʣƽ׵ռƬȴȻͣ
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⾪ϲ̫ͻȻʹѾ弫ѹˣԾɱ޾ľϲƷ



99 
ᡤռ
ɺƬҮַĵγɵŻͨĳѨ֮ء
ʱ졣
󣬴Žʧ󲿷ַգԹԷֽĲϣγϣ
һԴĿռ䴩ţ
λþǺϳ
֮ǰЩϧ޷뺮ϳѹһءȴ룬ϣȻɡ
ϲ̫ͻȻ
ȻϲĻǺĶ
ϣ
㿪һ̶ˮĶ̲סһ¡

ռŻַպʡһϵеϺ󣬿Խ̶Ŀռռš
ע⣬ϻк֣ܶͬϣγɲͬĿռţռţͨĵҲͬǹ̶ռţڵʱ䣬ͨĴҲϵϲͬ졣
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Ҳ껾ϲĵط
ռҮֱַǾ䡣
ҮγɵռƬһЩתɹ̶ĿռŻЩŻԹͨУʧַգԹ
ϻռš
ⲿ൱һͨ
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һҮĹ򣬷һСƬռ䣬ԺռƬʧŻγɣЩŻһСƬռС
껱Ϣ۴ʲôطԹͨҮ˵أ̽Żĵ
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ֿһẮᡤռź󣬱Ŀ˺ϡ
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ôʲô
һʮФîõȵȡǿһĻоӤ룬ڣȸˡ
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Ժ˼ֵϷм¼ĸɽеĹޣȴû˿ͷ
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Ԫĳʼ׶ΣͬεĹǣӦʵŶԡ񻰹ޣʹɱᣬҲ׵նɱһơ
ȻϸҲƣֻ°뻮һиˣ
ټϺѾӵѪ֮ȻǺǿѪֽ֮׶񻰹УҲǴм״̬Ĵڣԣ񻰹ɵġ
Ҳδֵ֪
˸ǿɽޣ벻ʲô˵زѹͷᡣ
Ѱɽ޵ټ񣬾ҪϳˡϣҪʧԷһЩ˿
ɽޣͷѾʶⲻԼֽ׶οԶԿġ
ԣʲôģͲҪˡ
ֻ׼ռЩɽ޵һЩϢ㹻ˡܵɶȡ
ϾΨһһɫ񣬾ѰҼ֮ΪѨ񣬶Ȳ
һţһٿ˺š
һö˶ģɢһֶ࣬
޴࣬ȻԾڻš
ԿѪҺԾڱ͵ȫλ
棬ͲһֻѪ֮
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ŵŵţ
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ɫѿ
ȻЩܳΪ񻰵ûһöԸģ
ðҵѪɫͳ˻ơ
ХţɢȻɭϢ



100 û

ɫ
ߵĹХ

ֻ޴ıһΪѿȻһֻɫͰɫ彻ɵغᣡ
צ껶Ժһǿֱ鲻Խĵ֮Զ

ҵĺһ޺
ֻĺᣬվʬϣӸµĿ껡
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ҡҡ޴ģޱȵľͷ­Ща
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УǾֱⲫ
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ģҲҲǿ޽ġ
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ܸоԼһģһļһԼ
ǣôܣ
ôҲ
Լʲô
еԼеԼ㶯ôܶ
ûǿ־޷ͻĽޣһжȻ
ռҮϿ³ӵп飬飬Ч
ÿһ³ϵѲҮռ֮У˼룬壬һеһУеԼơΪҮū
ֻҪ³ԶҲȥ
ռľᣬһĽӽһܶľᣬգںУǰ徹Ȼһ˺ڡ
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񼸶һȽӽĽޣܸоһǹֳɹʧȥҡʱԾʱ򽫲
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ֻڣѾûκˡ
Ϊҳɳɣ
һֻצ˳ޱȵľϣһ˲»ΪɾһѪ֮
DNA
ʮöѪӣҫĪĹԡ
գ
Щ㹻ʱԼĹ屾ˣ



101 лˮ

ЩѪӣûʲô춯ص
ֻյĹУоԼһڤڤУޱصĿռ䡣
дޱɭڰֲĹ֮
ޱȵĿ
ޱȵĺ
û˿ů
Ԩ
ֺء
С־ө꣬һУƺʱҪϨһ㡣
Ƭ˼
ףǹַģ˵ǹַǱ֮ء
ڲѪ⼫֮أ
ܺã
ѾԴַڡһ죬Ĵȥ
˼š
κ׺ַģһЩ
ӦͨϵȡѪӣַ֮أҲԽ
һʶܹͻĽַģôͿ֮ǰյѪӣк׺塣
Сַĵĸһƿعַģ
䳹׵ĻΪԼ
ʵܾãСָԼƿعַĵͺĹУһϸһѡȻԼĶ壬ҵһԼܹƿصС͹
׻˵úãǧǲһֱƿһЩС˵Ļһƿع򣬴СĿʼϴ
ֻǣ˵෴ġַĸ̫ˣҲ̫ˣңС߱Ⱦ
ԣҪ붨壬һУСַĵھȷˣӵǿ
ͱ̫ߵĹϵ
̫̺ߣóߣߵɱĿã
һʮöѪӣȫں껸оԼľһɡ
ھϵļƺ˿
һ̶ˮ־Ҳʼ
һ˲䣬ķӿͷ
鲻ԽŴ죬ĺ


̫ˣ
ˣ
ģѹֵҺʹ࣡
һֿ֣ǴĺУ޷ԼɽҪӰ࣬޷ơ
ð껲ͣеĶ
˿ֻ̣оػ嶼˲١
ǰѹƣоȴо֮ǰԼͺһˡ
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һͷλһ㣬εΪĿģûй̶ȥ
ͬʱҲע⵽һЩֵĵط
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Ȼһ·ϣưĿǰ
ʶĿģϵĺԡ
ʹʱ뵽ˣȴֻܿᱻ飬ɢֺĿġ
ǹǱʶڿѰҼ֮ءҵıھܾ𣿡
˼Ϊʲô
ڻ͸¶⣬Щ˼
뵽һΪֵ񷢲ͷһѰҼ֮ΪѨ
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񷢲Ǹ֪ʶϵص֪ʶĻۺ
һ㣬껺˽⵽ˡ
ôʲôԭ񷢲껸ոճΪֵȲķһѨأ
Ϊʲôо壬оı죬
ǸʲôԭҪ

Ϊʲôǰ벻⣿
а˼
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λףһĴεĿĹ֣
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׼ȷ˵ǿ䱾ܣ
пܡ
뵽Ȼһ
Ȼӳ˼оѹ
˵һʼ񷢲ǸѾ֪Ԥ⵽껹껵־ᱻѹ֣ᱻʴ
Ȳķ˳Ѩ
ڱϿܳѨΪһͷĴεĹ֣ӵй̶ѨĹֵ
ӵгѨĸ塣
ԲŻʶĺҪ
һ룬һоͶ͵ͨˡ
ô˵񷢲ΪѨʵĻԼ־ѹʴ⣬ȻãҲܰԼ
֮󷢲׷ɽҲпȫΪѪӣԼʴ⣬ŲʱѰҳѨ
껵ԽԽ
ܶһ̣־ͷſĶ̶˲䣬˸ͨ͸
һƺӭж⣡
νлˮ£һ



102 

ڣ껶һжлɵ̬ȡ
϶Ҳϡ
ûеõʵ֤ǰǸ׵½ۡ
˿̣ѾʮöѪӣ˳ѪڹʴҪĵֿá
ֻα겻α
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⻹ģַǰ²˳ʱ䣬һƽ÷ֵ֮ͻѸʱޡ
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ģǾٴģʹùֵ֮ҵ׽Լѹʴ־İ취֮ǰ߿ٴλⱻѹƵ״̬ʱܲþá
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̽ϳѰɽټ
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˵Щͨı١
Ļǿ϶ѪģЩ飬пֲܽѪһЩǿͻƽޣ֮·
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̽꺮ϳ뿪˵ء
ԺûлٴνҮռˡ
ʱͣ
Үռ䷢չ㹻ǿʱذκεط˵ء
˵ڵҮС³ֵ֮𲽳ɳռ䣬ڿ³ѵʹôչҲʮֻġ
֮ǰң³Ĺֵ֮ץı٣ֻһҮռ䣬ھ껵ô˽Խһˡ
ԺҮͿ³ĳɳͻͬУʱ󣬿³жǿռҮͻж̬
ʱʲôطֻҪͨҮռĵϵ˲˵ء
ѿռҲڿռ껲ԥһ̤˺ռС
㱼䣬ָо֮ǰǸ½֮ͨУһ̾һײ˾һ㣬ͻ˿ռĲ壬껵Ӱһ޴ˮ¶Ѩ֮С
ⶴѨһǧ׵ķΧڶѨĶǲԣˮ
ЩˮȻ׹䣬ôǶڶѨ
Ըк档
ùһ¡
漴Ȼ
ŷֶѨһ͸ľ壬ЩǸ޷ģоϷˮֵˮ޷
Щ填
껷ֵϣұܣҲɢŲɫ͸ľ塣
һöȭͷСľ忴˿
֮
һöտǣѾȡһգͽһտյĿӡӻЩãдȥ֡
Ŀտǣ
ɫֱ䡣
˿ѨһƬоϲˮľǽұŵһشؾԣײɢ顣
˶壬壬ֱһ
ʹ껼ѣֵģȵޱϡеƷ˿Ҳ̲סس˴ֿڣ
TMDܼ⣬˶壬ȡһգֱӵ
껼ֱʹļס
룬Ҳ֪Ще϶Ǳͷˣ⾧̺ĺܾܿǺͷʲզصľᣬƾЩһˣܱӲĶѳһͷ񻰹
ﰡ
ʹĶ˵ˡ
͸оԼѾõһڣһգ۾ͱԼˡָо޷ݡ
Щʲôã
𣿣
޲ٰͷһ٣Хţ˲еľӾݺݵˤ˵ϡ
ǡ

ͻȻһ٣öԼˤڵϵľӣȻڵ
ö塭
йŹ֣


103 о

ŸոձԼˤȥ͸壬¶һ˿Źֵɫ
öȻ˻Һɫ
һЩ̺һ˿˱ѾΪտǵľڲ
ԣ˿ö壬ѾԳ֮Ϊᾧ
˼
Щܹ֮Լת壿
Ȼ
Ҫ֪䣬ܶĵɱȻ۳ɾöࡣ
ǰȣǼֱţһëԺԡ
Ȼ껲֪ôγɵģۼǿѹȵȵı仯
ڣȴЩտǾ壬ռԺ
統ڻ֮·أʮ۲ûռİ취ԼһʱҲɲ˶٣ټδ֪ĹֵвԲεķ
ԺЩտǾ壬һоͶðˡ
˵Ҳ֣һ壬ʹ󣬾ͻữΪĩκοտǡʹڹֵϷУҲû֮Ķ
Ҳ֪־嵽ʲôɵġ
֡
ϧûĿƼֶΣǺѷЩĹˡ
Щ壬һ̶˵ľʺϴģĽͨΪһȼҲǮ
Ǯ;Ҳ൱ڿ磬Ժǻ磡
ֻҪǻ壬˹ֵ񻰹Ҳ벻壡
껿˿ֹ֮ܵö֮ࣿ
Լ
һģļƻֻǻҪʱ
ЩĴЧ
ȭͷһ飬ſԴһ̶ȵķΧ
һ̶ȾԹ֮һƽ̺ı
Ҳ200ƽ׵֮һԼ67ƽ̺
ΪֵͨԲ֮һʾ
⽫Ժλ
һ龧ʹôԴ˵ſظʹʮΡ
ﵽʮκ󣬾Ľṹͻᱻƻͬһ㣬Ϊ˷ĩ
Ȼܳʱʹãӵʮ֮ʹôҲ֮ϲˡ
ǲ֪ĴɣֻʲôЧ
Ӧࡣ
ƺԼҪȫȡһգһ˿ҲЩ̫
ʹΪһҲѰ쵽
˵ܣֻ˵Ҫ˾ϸĲǹĴͣǺġ
ǴӣצӣôץôСľ壡
Щ屾ˣ
߱ˣ
ǰ߲̫ܣϾ֪ʶϵҲ˵֮ǰģֻǱȡһˡ
ߡ
ΪǺϳϿųĿԣôʣµľֻһˣ
о
ˣ
һһٵ˵ţɨܣеļ޷ݡ
еĿкĴڡ
ûи֮ǰһЩĿҲޱȵĿġ
ڣӴޱȣ֮ܿо
һöоֱֱԹ
ڹֵϷУоͭоúоȵȡ
ЩожصãÿһγĴģԾоľ
ǵһζһöֱһ׵Ľоġ
ڹֵϷǰڣ
ڶµڵʱ򡣴ڵһµСڻƤֺ֮͵¹ֵ֮䡣
ʱֵûбձʶٵĻǱ춯вһЩҲչǻ۵塣
ǳսϯ硣ܶصǻҲ˽
֮࣡
ĳĪķʽ˶
öޱȵĽоҲ֪գ֪䵽ʲôС
ⳡ֧
ϷϷƵһϷս
Ͳòһ¹ֵϷḶ̌˵ǰ˳ġ
¡Ԫ
¡
¡ս
¡ֵ
껻Ϊֵ类ʱ򣬾ʹڵµغ򣬵ҲǹֵϷһ½ڣ֮ãʹʱҲԶԶûдﵽĽޣԾɴڵ³ڵĽڵ㡣
ЩԶˣо⡣
ܹ˵оޱһƷãʹҲ֪ϾڹֵϷУǸεӰֻĶߣЩƷûκλᡣ
ڣһöȿоҪоܴܿڴˣ껴˿̵֪
ϲ̫ͻȻЩ˼顣
ҵˣ
ȻУ
ͻȻһ㶣¶ϲɫ
ĹѾЩϢһƷԺУ


104 챦ʯ

ǰ˵ѨֱܴҲһǧ׷Χ
оͲھٶףһѿķ϶֮С
ڵҡ
ѷйˮ˿ˮɢ뵵Ĺ
һ׶೤̬Ϊεľ崣ˮף飬ܴصϸϸģͷ˿һë
߽۲죬Щ
ЩͲǳӵеƷ
ʵооͻڲ˶ͽṹؿǵı仯͵ʵݱ䣬γɵĶҪá
һЩоżϡʣص
ʱ侧壬ռ侧ȵȣ
Ȼоӵ󡣾ֻ˵о貶Ŀ̬ǧղܡ
ʹΪһͷֵҲ̲סǰľо
ǰоͷסӨ͸жΣԿܣҲһЩءϡжտʯ
ھо΢Ĺ£ܵıʯĿĹ졢ơտסϡʣɫ֮ḻ
ľ
ѷܣԿӿݡ
񱻾ҵĸ˿һ㡣ҵ˼ѾɿݵѪ֯
ƺǺġ
֮ǰӦˣ˺Լųȥ
˱˿ĺۼ
껲ȡоϸļһܵʧݡ
ɢѷԵ˿ĿӶеıʯ
һ鱦ʯɫأͶׯȻǧͬ͵壬űһޣϸȥ˿ްµ辰Сɽˡ
ʯͷУޱȣһѪҺһ㡣
ȥһ˿ȡ
ǡ
ȸʯ
˵̺һ˿ȸѪҺʯͷ֪ΪλɢЧδ֪
ȸʯ
üͷ
Ժв뵽ĺ뻮һ˿ڡ
֮䡫
ڶʯͷ
һֿ״ں챦ʯᾧͲɫˮĽϱʯкܶࡰ׹⡱棬Ѿӹɵĺɫɫϵʯ
֮
ԭֻһͨĻ澧壬֪һޱǿĻȻΪ˼֮Сģǻᱬըģ
йأ
ѾȷңԺ˵ģһͷԹ
ϵǰȸʯһʱһ󵨵Ĳ²⡣
˺Ļ᲻Ϳȸйأ
ֻ񻰹ɽУڿȸģֻʲôأ
öıʯ
껼Ѱҡ
ǰѾ˵˾оΧźܶ쾧屦ʯ
˲ͨ塣
߲ʺ켫ˮпྦྷөʯۻơˮȡ
ǡ
ɳ
ܣһǳǳСˮУһСƬˮɳ
ԵģɢһɹϵϢ
ʱ䣡
ǳɳ
鲻Խ죬ôҲ޷š
ռ䱦ʯʱ䱦ʯľоǰ˵ʱ䱦ʯԵõ
ֻڴ֮С
ɳڶʱ䱦ʯУǳأǳصһʱ䱦ʯ
̺ʱԣ
ʱԵʲôҲ̫˽⡣
ϾҲûеõôĶ
ǰЩɳֻСһС飬ŶʮҡԶԶﲻĽ׶Ρ
ӦǾо߻òԡ
껿ʱͬͻȪȡ̺ʱطȪˮ
ⶫŮʹһЩʣĲ֣ɳ
Ҳ룬ֱӰСˮеĳɳ̳˴ʱͬƿС
ʱ߷ӦϢۿɼģɳĹ󶼱ø
ɳСˮеˮҲûзŹҲƿȫ
ЩӴɳˮ˵һЩصЧá
νǹεߣ
κοõƷŹ
ѷܣԿɫǧ˰̬Ŀﵥ;أЩûʲôá
ҪƷʯʯʯ﮻ʯ׻ʯԼɫˮءƳʯءʯƳʯʯӢʯȡ
ҲһЩʽͨ壬ˮϾƾ̾辧ȡ
ӴоˣҲҲ˵
תһȦѷˮ̶ܣѾûʲôƷˡ
ҪӦþǳɳѾ
ȸʯͼ֮ջ
ͨʯ֮ģǲ٣껶ռʱ֪òҪռ㹻
ص㣡
о
껸ոսӽܸоһĪѹӿ
ͬʱһе־壬ɫȻӴһ㣬Ķס
о
ɴ֮γɵоӵޱȶصЧá
ֻǣҪһЩԵõϿɣ
⾧оȻǻģ
ôܣ



105 һ

оȻǻģ
ߴĳ˵ǻġ
ҪãҪͨһĿ顣
ʲô飿
һŹϷƾճھоǰ
ͬͶӰһ㡣
ͬʱоϣֵĳһֻȵЦ۾ģ껡
Ϸ
бȫ˻ӣһ֡
ŹϣѾɢļ֡
Ҫдʣļ
ʱޣ10
1
Բۣ
ѧ⣡
ôôʲô⣿
ٶ࣬Ҳû뵽ΪֵˣȻѧ⡣
Ҫģô򵥵⣬ҲСѧˮƽ˼ó
Ȼôʱƣ
ǿ˭
еŭڻۣ
Ӻ
飡
һצĻϡ
emmmm
ⲻ̫ˣ
ѧԶڼ߱Ե˵ʮ궼ûʹùκѧˣҲ֮ǰͲгĴּۻۼּëǮĵز
žų˷ھʹõĺģڶԪһη̣һԪη̣նȵȶʲô⣬˭ȥ
һͷϷլУʲôãԵ
ûкӣòڼҳһ㣬ٸѧһ顣
кӵļҳܿơ
۵Сۣ
껿žоϵЦȻĿʮʱ
ʧܣ
0Σ
飡
һ˹ȥСƢôܵί
ҪֱӲþоҲˣھȻѧ⿼Ĵѧĸأ
һȥоһĲ
Ļٴγ֡
ʱ10

ݻȫִ

ֳˣ
Լ
ѵԪbug

⻹࣡
ĵ˵ͷȻʼڵдд㡣
֪Լôˣôܹʮӽأ
ʮӺһ˹ȥ
оһĶƺʮίĻٴγ֡
emmm
е˸ղţһСûʮӡ
Ȼһƣ
ȻǲϵȰƶȹ
ʮӺ׼ٴȹȥȴ־оֱͶӰĻ
˰
֪Լˡ
֪˺αص
̬Ȳ֡
ͦģþоͦʵģȻտʼеɵİɣôĹ£ҲʱΪʱкþо
ǻе㲻̫⡣
أ
ôǷʰǲ֪ʾ
һ˹ȥ
ŲԼ㲻ءֻöԽ
оϵЦ˿Ѿ˿
ίͰ͵ġ
ЩŹĿհ׸УһЩϸ΢ĺۼֵĳ֡
˲Ȼء
ʵͦ򵥵
гİѼд˽ȥ
һ㿼ͨ
ڶ㿼鿪ʼ
Ǿų˾ų˾ŵĹҪдĸǶͷۡ
ʱްСʱ
һ
ôģô࣡
Լ
ѾԼдˡ
һƣ
껿ĸӺ֣ͷ۵ĲС
һ̣ڶ㿼ͨ
ٶȣֱɱ
ˡ
ѾÿǶٸˣУȫǴССĸӡ
żе֣ı̬ЩС㣬ٷֺţֱײеһơ
ԾǲκͨĽࡣ
üë˼Զ
ͨ
оԲ鿴ľϢˡ
ôѣӹһŸ̵ĹֵԴ
껰Կ佱Լһ䣬Щ⡣
ѹʴĸоãڶҲҪ佱Լˡ
һᣬ֪ʶϵ˾оϢ
ƣо
˵֮ģۺγɵġһһֻ֮䡣
һ֮յѣÿ춼ᵮһ֮
ϷˣоϲϷˣ̽ѰĶᱦߡϷˣĳ̶ȣоһ̶ȵĻ䣬ٽоһЩľ屦ʯ糽ɳ
֮أо֮γǿĽ磬֮ء뱦֮صѰߣᱻзűĿ顣ͨ߻һıδͨߣҪһ䱦Ի뿪Ȩޡ
ģδ֪
ע⣺֮δݻȫҪֶùؿɱ
ǿľо
΢̾ţ۾ҪðѪˡ
öоüֱ̫ˡ
Щš
һͲ˵ˡ
֮ȫԳΪǮƵһȼ
൱˷Ȩ
棬ж󣬼
ڵڶܺ͵ܣศɵġױ֮زΪѰ߻ñأֻΪûֵ
ֵǿþоޱİģʱ䱦ʯɳ
ļܻڽͲ˵ˣϾоԶԶûгɳȫ
ڣƺֶñ֮أֱҵֺϷ
ղűǾŹѧĵĲҪҪģĵĸоԼһܰ
Ѱ߰һ´ѧɣ



106 

Ա֮صķЧ
һʰ쵵ӣˮѨ˽ȥ
ǿþȫҲ޷ơ
Ҫģ֮صķǻ֮ǿġ
趨ϣͻһֱȥʱƣ֮ۻǿȣʹǴ˵еĹֵ֮ˣҲࡣ
ΪоԣˮѨʵģʺϴߡ
Ҳûд׼ֽ׶β׼ѡ֮Ҳ
Ҳҿ֮ǰݻȫӵ˷磬껸
趨ý⡣
Ȼ껿ʼ趨صĿ顣
ȻΪ˻ֵǵȻж˾Ҫжˡ
֮ǰѧĻ֣̫ˡ
һһأŵڶغ͵أǸͿϣ
ҪѰһϣһС
ԣŹ֮ѧ⣬ҪһΪŲ㣡
һѶȣ껾ĵ㣬ҪѼʮ
ˣЯ
ҪѰֻܳĽ
ϵͳûһЩһﰲװ΢͵ԣ
˶ˣһˣ˵ÿһεˣʮˣͻᱻֿп飡
ֹģϵš



һжҪǡ߼
Ƭ̺һжŪˣʼ׼趨ͽɱ
ҪˣҪһ鱦֮ûеı
Ȼһδͨߣ100ĴָС֮ڶδ߽ͨ
ʧܣͱٴνһεͬڹؿұ֮ûеı
ԣһ˽УҲҪ׼ֱǱ֮ûеġ
emmmǰҪһչʾ̣뱦֮أû֮ǰԲ鿴֮صб
껿ʼԼһЩϢҲչʾ˽ȥ
糽ɳֱʾھŲ㴳ͨſԻá
˶ˣһЩһ㶼ûдʧߣҲǰҪһЩϣ
ҪȻһֱʧܣ֮ػѰǰġ
ôأ
껳˼ߡ
˿ܵ壬һ
Ū齱
ڴ̣
ֻҪһͻһγ齱Ļᡣ
ЩһԳ壬תΪ⾧壬ҲԱоգٴνõһЩ⾧壬óΪ
ëϣֱ
ּһɧ껾òˡ
ֻǣи⣬ôѰ߷⴦֮أ
һС˵·ʲôżܶ˻ýƾ֤ȻԶ
һɱ󣬽С
ֻе̫Ͷˡ
䲻ԼֵһŹֵݡ
ԡ
껿˿ԶĺĿռţооֿ˿ԼַҮռ䡣
˼
Үռ磬˽еΪַͨĵĿռΪŻоṩӴΪģһͬ˵żһٻƣ
ƣ
ֻҪƵѰߣͿ̺еȻһʱŻͨҮռ䣬Ȼ󴩹רΪЩѰԤµͨ󵽴ﱦ֮ء
ӦûһԼ뿪Ĵ󣬿ÿʱĿռŻΪλٰͻȥ
ýӺͣ˵塣
ˣ֮󣬳ַҪؾоٴҮռ䣬ܼ֮ĵط
ЩѰߴҮռʱ򣬵濴³Ӱ
emmmһɣɹŪķ˿ɾͲˡ
Ժһת뵽һ⡣
ôֻΪеװơ
뱦֮أƺһͷǿĹֵ֮ػϢҪǱڶ֪ǻը
ʲôıزŻһͷֵ֮ػ
ĻԵ
ַһڶȿֺĶȥ
һ龧壬һ£ںַĵҮռооṩȻʱһռŻֻǾдޣŻոտûãΪܲסǿױ鿪
껹ڳַĵ뷨ͦãǰҪҵһֿԷʹãǿҺѱƻʡ
вûʣ
ЩƷǿԣЩƷҲԶǽи졣
ûС
ôʲô޷ƻǿܷʹأ
ı
ҲԣϾƸˣҲûơ
ֻԾЩ⣡
ҪۺԼֵҵĲϣ֮ǰ籮ϡ
һ̺ã޷Ķʲô
ĿгƵϡгƣһ̶϶Գ䵱
ˣŪһǰɣƻиͭأҲҪиߵ͵ȼ֣
Ұοţʼ׼úı֣



107 

аһöơ
ƴŰƴСͨӨסһͷ񻰹ı滹Яһ׺Ϣ
ϵȻ·Ī⡣
ѡͷͷǹǣȫӲĵطʹڵʵҲκӡǡ
Ϊ̻ùһ㸯ʴַĵЩſӡ
ȡɰƴСӣҲǷϴˡ
ҲӲ֤ˣͷ񻰹ʵʱжôǿܰ򵽰ļһֻжôֲ
棬һ֡
ʼ֮ǰۺ̩ɽȵµּһһ
Ȼ·쳣Ļ
߹š
ڿ档
ӡһ仰
дģΪһһ֡
Ϊ
ز
Ȼܣ޾ԼпԿһŻıͼ
Ȼ
ϱ񻰹ѪϢһʱǵأɨԾȻ
֮дΪ껵趨У⴦֮أǳصʱġҲеߡ
ȻںܾԶܾԶº󣬴˵ϵ֪ͥ𣬽˴ʱڣܶܶĽżѾ٣ֻһСͥƬţǧŰپʮź̨ܵδ֪׹֮ϡ
Ҳ̩ɽ֮ϣ
λصƺϴڣ̩ɽ֮˳
ʼϣһ˵Ĺ¶С
֮кܶࡣ
ۺ
֤صı죬пԻصȴֻԼϵѹ
ǹ¶ģҲǼįġ
ԪУӰۼ
⴦֮أǳϵͥʱµߡ
ϰȻν̬ȣ֮Ĺ¶ãȻȫͬ
ҲӲ淴ӳˣ⴦֮أӦǳ緢ʱҲǰڣµġ
һʮöơ
껰Ͷ˾оȡоɶȵһ죬Үռɳ㹻ǿʱ򣬱հЩȻͶŵܼ֮ĵط
Ƶºֿ˿ܣһʯ
ֻʯһδ֪ĽǶдġ
ʯֻͨʯģûʲôġ
ڷı£ǧʱ䣬̫ѡ
㹻ȵѰ߷ˡ
ʯʹڽԵλãΪⲿλáλҲǽĶʮȴﵽλá
֮ǽ׿ڲȻͻᱻǿԷֿ벻ͬĲͨУп顣
ʯúɫѪдɣռ˲ٺѪá
Ѫҹƣֻϣһ죬ټ
磬ͥ飬ضǷҲء
˰СҲˣʱܽСĻؼء
Ĳվ硣
룬ʯԣһĴȹǡеۣϾ񻰹ϵÿ㲿ޱȵġ
Ϊɺ䶯ЧҲ˲ôˡ
һڴȹǶѣУ˭ôں
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ͨ˽ϵϢ֪к֣ܶţȣָоǻ
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̾˿Լеģоͷޱȡ

ۣ



108 ɽ
뿪Үռ䡣
վڵģܡ
˿̣Ө׵ľƬ棬ЩѾʼһڡ
ܵ³Ĺֵ֮ӰʣڽıȻݻ١
뿪Үռ뿪ȥδ֪֮ء
ſ³ĲȫʧһУǧ£ؽعȻ
顣
˭Ҳ벻ŵˮ֮£һĪ˱֮ء
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ſȸʯͼ֮ϢʼѰ뺮սͷټ
ʱ䣬һζ
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׽˱ʱ
ȥؼһװعããһƬһͷ
˿
һɽı֮
һŻҺɫһ㣬ǵص

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жϵĵص㡣
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ֻһЩԻԵ͹棬൱ɽдУϢɭֱ֡Ǻ
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սۼͷδ֪ĹޣӦǻԣڹϰ˵ӦòϲֱĻŶԡ
쳣Ĳ⡣
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˵һûôùֵ֮־ʱƣԾһ첻ٶȣѹʴš
֮ǰ״̬һ㣬Ҳǿȥ
ԾѰҲͷ޵ټ껾׼촩ɽʼ귶Χ
עһȥѰҼ֮ء
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ڱѩ֮ϣһЩĺۼ
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źۼű֮ڲƮȥһ֮껿һͷޡ
ǧԶĵطһͷһʮ׵Ȼſѩϡ
ͱȵĺ滹ҪӴĶࡣ
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ǿ񱩵Ϣܣѩ籩һͬչ
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ӴĹͻȻбһѹֵ껵Ŀ⣬Ҳֻܿƺһߡ
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ôֲ껸оԼ壬ҲӦԻᱻһݶ
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ڱѩγɺ󣬱㷢һУ˻֡
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һ֣䵱ԼϷ֮
һô
Źԭͣλãɫޱȡ



109 Ů

Ŀž޴״ˣκ춯
ǹ̫ǿˣԿģûǲҪΪ
ڹɽХѩ֮Զ껲֮ǰͣ
Ƭ̺һЩѵĵǣԼһЩɫճҺ
ǹСҲʮҡ
ЩѾܵıѩȫƺⱣԼĳأ񱩵ɽѷ죬ûӰֺ
ڵճҺУҵһЩ˼
ˮճҺ
һͷˮճҺӦĳ塣
ˮ
壿
üͷ
껸оЩ֡
ΪӦֵĵǣȴˮĵǡ
ͺ˼ˣ֮ǰͷôҲһͷˮɣ
һͷЩŹֵĳ
ͷ⣬Ƭ̺˷֡
ھҴѷĶߣѩһ࣬뵰Ƕٶ׵ĵطһ޴Ļʬӣ
УȻʮͷʽĹʬ塣
ÿһͷ쳣ǿ׳޴
ͣʹҲǿıޡ
ǡ
㶣ڿп˺ǰ塣
ʮãûбʳ߱ƻ
ѵͷĴʳĵص㣿
ԣ
Щʬ壬û˿ƻ
Ϊ˴ʳġ
վЩʬıԵеɻԽԽ
һʬ
ͻȻ
ಣ
ɫȻʬ·
ײ˹ϣ˲仯Ϊһ̲ɫѪˮ
֮䣬Щʬ·һţðѪء
Ѫشƽ״СϷЩʬеѪҺɡ
֪ΪΣô̹ǵУЩʬѪҺȻûбƺԾ̺൱
ѪҺ˳ʬ·һ࣬ʶ£ѪУȴû˿ѪζƮ
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ЩӵװѪ
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Сץһϸ鿴
ֻ峤ԳʷĴΣƽ13ף2סǸ͵ļһ
ͨɫ6ϸܵĻƺɫߵɵߣ1浭ɫ಻Ĳɫߵ㡣һڽ绷״֯ɣĻ״֯Ծ䶯
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Źַĵ𽥱ǿһҲԽԽԼЩ־ˡ
껣
ķ緶
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һ޺ֻԭѾʬ壬ȻһվʼҡҡλεģƬ̺ȫָ
ʮͷ޴Ĺޣ׷
ҧţôҲɡ
һ׷ʮ
Ӱɽϣһֱ׷һɽС
ͷ޴෴ķȥ±ţ
ģŪһЩͨˮûŪȫңôҧŲţ
Ծ׷ŵͷޣҧҧֳһ˿䡣
Уˡ
ȥ˵ЩĻͷֲ
⹥̫ǿˣ껿ֿġ
ԡ
ͷһ
껵˲תһֱǰ壬Ϊȥ
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ȻˣǾͲҪȥˣ
ɣ
ǰܣֻǲͷֵעˣǰͷС껲Ųأ
ܿͷ֣鲢ǰ򵥣
ǽһʧܵ



110 ٴͻƽ

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ԾɿԿ껵ıڣеĹֱӺĹ塣
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ڣΪһͷͨλ֣Ĺ幥ҲСֻһͷֵȻҪ󣬶죬Ťʴȵֶξܵǧ֮⣬ܶ˾ˡ
껸ոɱһͷûü鿴
Զ˼ĺ
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Կͷ޵ʬУͷ޵ԴѾ򿪣һƬģԽһأѾûκοԲ鿴ĺۼˡ
һͷã֪ͷΪûб򿪡
룬껰ΨһһͷԴи˿ľɫ¶Ȼһ
ֻڹ޵ĴԲλ˿̱ĽŮš
Щˮͷϵļ񾭰˿ߣ˹޵Ĵ֮С
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˵ͨĽŮζԵֿǽͷŮԲ˵
Ҳʶ˹ȱ㣡
ز㣡
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ֵ̫ˡ
ԣ껶ڹַĵڶνΪڴ
һڶνЧĿƹԼʴѹơһҲһµǹġ
ѾйǽҪƵˡ
ֻҪ˼ǣѰɽһУдʲô
Ͼ񷢲֮ǰĲ²⣬ĿԵġ
ѰɽҪʲô
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аְ֣
ⲻҪ
ʲô
껻ɽص㣬ͷ׼ɽҪɹҪΪ
ΪΪʲô
֪ȣ

ڸԼΪ綨壡
Խ֪Խ˶Խܳĳһչ
ҪѪӶԼĹַĽк׺壬εȵһ
һⲿһڲ
ศɣ֮ͬ
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111 ޱߵĺڰ
ַļ
ͻưٷ֮ʮĽޣ
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Ѱɽ޵ô׵ˡ
Щ˼顣
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еĳ棬Դ˵ΪָķĿռɡҪʴҪַģȣ꿪ʼ
üͷ
ϸĶһ飬Ȼ˿ϸĽ͡
ȴԭҪַģҪжԹַĵĶ壬ȻԴ˵ΪָķĿռ䡣
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Ѫӵĺ׺壬ΥλֵѰҼ֮صΪˡ
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˵ڽɽġΪ˵Ĺֵ˵ȣ
Ĺֵ˵ȣԼķĿռ䣡
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ֵķĿռ䣬Ҳ֮ƣĿռ䣬ģΪĵĳѨȴƷġҵ룬һ̶ϣĶʴȴЧ÷ĵ
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ĿռΪĳѨַĶʴһ½
ԺѰҵ֮أҵѪӶַĵķ󻼿ܲʵһž󲿷ֱʴ
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һ꣬Сǧꡣʱ򣬹СѾٵ飬֮ѾСУ˺ܶܶĴ˵

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ھС̫ԶˣҲֻԼĸоķλ뿴׷չʲôˡ
㴫˵ȣӦʱĿռˡ
ֻҪһΪӣ֮ҪԴԴϵĴ˵һǿĿռ䣬ŷĵıǿƱػӡ
ԿһֱͣЪ
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治ȴȼյ쳣ͦǿϢ֮С
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СĿ
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̽Ѱ붼Ҷ롣
ܸоڰÿǰһ磬ͻᱻѹʧĥһ֡
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˲䣬֮Ȼţͬһһ㣬ͷųױȣ̫Ĺâ
ܵĺڰٵȥһİ䣬¶˺ڰڲĿռ䡣
ڰһֱ˳һǧ⣬Ҳ˿
һһ͸֣֮ҫķΧ
˵ȣʼע֮УάֽĴڡ
⣬ѵǷĿռˡ
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ֻ֮ǰ̫ˣԷ֡
Щǡ
һ
ЩȻ
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112 ڰʴ

ڷĿռУڵԼԭ̬
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ǲ屻ʴķա
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ֻǴ󲿷ֶǲȱģŰöѪһ𣬶߷ķӦ
γһۿɼķ壡
ͬڷ֣ûзĵܣȴ̺ŷĵ庬壡
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֮ǰû̫עֵ˵ȶڹֵãҲС
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SAN̫죬ޱ߿־塣
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ڿ־һ·ϣ񱼲ֹ
˵Ժ󻹿ԷԼһ־֮š
ڵ૲룬ѧ֪ʶ۵ȵȣЩǸ֪ʶϵľԶģԶγ޷ѧ֪ʶ
磬ĵ૾ȾУܾܿͰ֮ǰǿֲĺڰռ䣬п³˷ģȵȡ
еǣ껶Խ֪࣬Խ࣬¼Խ࣬ôĵ૾ȾԽǿ
һ죬ǰ㣬ȫ֪ȫӣʱռ䣬һʵôһԴﵽǾ仰ľ磡
񲻿ֱӣ
ʹҲ
ڵ껣֪Ļ̫٣ҲࡣҪʱۣȥ֤һı仯֤أЩδΪ૵ǿۣ֮
ֶһҪ顣Ժ󲻽Ҫ⽨⣬κ֪ʶҲܷŹ
ڣԼõ㼶ġ֪ʶϵֱ̫Ҫˡ
΢̾
Ѱ㼶һŬһ̻ΪĹʵ
˺ɫں򣬰ɫ壬ɫĳϵͳɫ֪ʶϵöδ򿪡
ʱƣЩ̶ữΪʵǱһ



114 ʮ

ַĶʴΪзĿռĽ赲ʱԻ⡣
껿ԷȥѰҼ֮أԼһΪֵ󣬱㷢
·
һװ
˿Ծڼϳ˯̫飬Сڽû˿תļ
˿̣ؼ䣬ͺֻԼһˡ
Ըй¶ȴҲһڣĸо
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һУһ̽Ѱء
ԳΪһͷĴελ֣ҲܺԸйء
деɽռķλһĽӽʼڵ
һ·ϣߵɽǧ֮ߵľյȺҲ±ǨС
Ľ谭ĽŲ
ɽѲݷֺ
ڲϵı仯ҲԼ壬һűǨ硣
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ĺޱ޼һ㣬ôãȴδ߳ȥټ
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ע⣬ԶĳЩʹáɱ޵ͬڻʮֻ̿żֵޣɱá
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Ȼֻһ
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вϵİοԼ
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һöʵʱ˲ɴ۾һʱҲ˵ˡ
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116 ʱ

ơʮꡤǰ׺
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117 찵

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Ժеľڸոһ˲䣬͸оֲһ㣬ýģ鲻Խķ̲ס
ϵĹַģַģڲ΢΢š
ƺڸҪˣҪٿˣϽӣϽӣ
жԶ̫Զɡ
ȻУȴʲôҲûУʲôҲ

껾ҵĴϢţû̧ͷڿ
һȴȻǸδ֪ڣȻ
һָ쿪ʼ
°汾̼أ
ģе
̲סŭ



118 ĹȨ

ģ
š
˿ĵƽһ飬΢һԼ״̬
Ĺԣ֮䣬γضϵ
ȨöĽγɻȨУ߽ƿشȨеĻ
ѪȨѪγɻѪȨУ߽ƿشѪȨеĻܡ
ȷϹ޽ϵ
ֲޡ񻰹ޡɽޡ֧ߣ
ְҵУջȨߣγеְҵϵ
ÿһְҵеľͷֻһڡ
ơǰ׺
ѰҴƣְҵˡ
ģ죬ʧܡСС
ʧܣͣ¡ȴԭ򡭡
ڶʮ쿪ʼٶֲٶȡ
ؿ緶Χ
ʤżʷӡǺ񻰴˵¼򱦲صͼȡ
ɽ룬˹ɽɽġʧܡݻ㡭ݻ
һ֣һһ㶵ġ
οĶ湻ģһʮ֣һƬ
껸ϽԼ֪ʶϵѾ¼˴˴εĸıݣ֪ʶ˷ܡ
ףθҪһ㣬ҲǵڶʮеһθµҪݣǷĵĹԡ
Ҳϴûи³֡
Ӷ÷ĺͷ֮˸εϵݻѪȨȨ
߶ڷĹԣŵݻѪȨҲǣϾѪ֮ĵҲ벻ĹƬ
֮Ĺ޽ϵְҵУдƣ˵ͷĵĹйء
뿪˷ĵĹԣһжԼ
ᵽ޽ϵ³һ֧ߣȻɽ֮ϡ
Щ˼ˡ
Ҫ֪ĳЩǿɽޣѾֵ֮ˣĳ̶ֳǸ𣬱Գ֮Ϊһֵֹ
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ӦĹֵʲô
ѵڹֵ֮棬һֲָĴڣ
ģ뵽˵ɽ¿ͷ޾еľ޴۾ޡ
Ȼ뵽˸ղſǰ֮еشڡ
ᵽգ΢۽ƲһۣԾɹڰУһ
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Ծֻ̫֣밵ͬһռ䣡
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˵ΪʲôûǹֵĽϵ໹ԹᵽѪ·һߵҲǹ޵·ӣߣΪߣճΪִȨ֧ߡ
ǹֵգֵܹܲûǻۣ򣬲ȡͲһ֮·
һҲֵ֪׸ô
ţЩ
ѵֻͨȡģһԼ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
˭֪ĵĻȡѶȣֱȵ졣
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Ϊǲġ
һ˵ǶǿԺҲͶǿ󣬺ĹֵֻСλֻ꣬һַġ
Ϊ˵ʶȴϵôǿ
շģǷĵĽȣֻǿ£γɵġ
ֵЩļȶûбǿûһģء
ݹֵϷе趨ֵȽϲɱߡӦҲĳԭġֵҲзĽȵ

Ľֻ÷ıøǿѡ
ùֵ
ȻҪʷĽƵٷְٵʱֻΣһ㣬Ҫ֪ĻҲˡ
ڹֵֻͨšֻ֣ǸΣ԰ˡ
ǹֵҪ
һʵΣԼɱģ۵ȼܿǾġ
ܲܽɣ
ɱĤ˵СһͿ
ˣȥˣ
ҡҡͷ
ⷱޱȣÿʱÿ̶ڱ仯һЩ֮ǰõĴ𰸣ʱһ죬ֲˡ
ȻҪС˵ľʵĶࡣ
ֵ֮Ľ˵ֱ֮أ
̫࣬ͷۣ
ǲˣֱԼܡ
ݣ
ϢƺûǰҪϾһЩʧܵģһЩû̫õĶ
껿ɲôΪ
ϢǰķĹ漰ĸ죬ܻҪҪ
ֻƺкܶʧ˶ѣ
һôô׸ʧܣ
˵
΢΢۾аĥš



119 µг
ʧܣ
Ϊʲô
ϴУҲУ
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ģ죬ʧܡ
ɽ룬˹ɽɽġʧܡ
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ֻǲ֪ΪλῪʧܡ
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룡
ҲʲôʧˣҪݻ
һϢܵӡ
껾ʲôŹֵĵط
У
һ̫ˣҲڡ
ڶЩƵɸɽ
Щɽ壬ֻܵ½ɽ޷ﵽ嶥ڷ嶥ʲôһ֪
²ûдĻɽݻģ϶Ƿ嶥ϵĶԽݻĶԽϲ
ϾҲζţܴܿž޴BUGЩBUGȡһЩ˽档
пܵĻȡһöģͿȨγԼĹְֵҵϵ
һʵضļǿ
Ѿݻɣûлˡ
ôЩݻɽأ
ĥţԺԼ֮ǰõöɫǵѣһʱ˼
׳ʧܵĸ£ʣĸҲ˼
ٶֲﷱܱ
ؿ緶Χ
ศɵģؿ󣬱ҪиĶֲȥռ졣
ҪģǰʧܵݣǿģʧܣǲҲΪ緶ΧɲЩӴأ
£ʤżҪ졣
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껰Ѻ֮壬ȫһ飬ĥţհĿ˵ϡ
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ѹǵ˳˿Ϣֿ˿ǵѣƬ̺̾˿ְѹǵѷŽ˳ռС
ǰ潻ռѾ뾧ռΪһ壬ַйӰ졣
껶Щνľģ磬²⡣
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һôǷλδ֪ڣͻ̿Щأ
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ɿҲܿأд¡
ȻϵΪΣգ˵껻űĨķա
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뻹Ƿˡ
ԾǾ仰ʵ㣬ͼţҪ
ʵһܣ֪ıϢ޹ء
Ǹεܡ
óȻУܿҲزˡ
ԣʵ֮ǰǾԲðյġ
ʲôʱַĽ˼£򿪿ռţν磬Ż̽ܡ
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ĵƳһ۾޴İգһϸĻںҹֻһӴĺڰ
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ȥעպ󣬹ڰյҫ£Ե÷ɣҹƺΪء
ⰵգԹ֣йֵӰ졣
Ӱ죬ƺںҹʵġ
Ƕʲô
еɻԽԽˡ
˼ҡ
Խȥ룬ԺȴԽ׸ֳյӰӡ
ƺԼһ㡣
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峿ĵһ⻺Ӷʸ֡
˿
̫ˡ
ûʧ
գҲ֮ʧȫӰ
±ģҲЩٶۡ
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껸ϲڵ״̬
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ֻʧȥˣŻ֪ʲôΪϧ
ĵڶ죬̤г̡
ڶʮ꣬ʼˡ



120 ̫ɽȫ

֮ʮ³ˬʱڡ
ܲݳݺɣдеľһ磬˴粽С
վһɽϣפãԶȥԶ֮һͨ쳹صľ޴ɽײ
֡
壬֮С
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οչɣÿһ嶼һСɽһСԶԶľͿԿ
̽ɢصĹ
ԵĪ߹
ôܡ
˽ʮһ£Ȼŵ
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Թֳ֮Ϊ̫һɽ
ɽһȶɽ
ɽɽҪ壬û֮һ
˵ɽ룬ɽ
ڣʮһʱ䣬ſߵɽߡ
Ķ֮һ
Ŀĵɽһκܳľ롣
Ժܲѧ
綼ˣֻ˴ı仯
껾ӦǺߡ
ոսʱ򣬻ûӴȴʱƣԽԽˡ
У뾡߳ķΧҪȻزһжôӴء
ԶԶž޴ɽйɽ
ǽƱƲΣ̡
ɴԱ篣ʣʶûĴһİɫʱԿ޴İ׺н
ɾһľɫ˻ζ
ɾƺǰչãŮɫ⾳¡һɽˮ
𽥽ӽɽ
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ഫɽס֮ء
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껿һʯдź硣
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˳һڽڿʯϣ߹оǧŰپʮŲ̨׺껲ߵɽɽϡ
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⡭Щʲô
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ֻǣȻܣڱܵӽЩֵֹĽˡ

ݻ
ΨһԱǻֵܹϮĵطҪעǣֵֻǱȽϢˣ԰ȫԱޣҲá

ƺϷǻһֱʩ
ϾԹֵ̫Сˡ
ڹֵϷУҲһ㶼֮Ϊȫ
˵ÿһȫĵΪһֻǿĹֵķĺ͹ֵ֮ݻתΪһ벻ڰ
ʵҲֻǹֵ֮һֻ֣Ǻֵܱˡ
Ȼ˵
һֵԶĴġ
¹ô˵ֵˣ򲻹ȫˡ
ڹֵϷУһƬȫнɵġ
ԣǰһƬӴĽȺ˴İȫ򣬺ܻܿδһǻֵֿǡ
ԣҪҪ취ٵأ
껰ĥš
ûбʱͣҲûвƻԡ
ҪĲЩһƬ
껸еЩڡ
ˣŰɡ
ܹһδǣٵˣҲ̫ϧ
ֵѾǿˣԺһˣǶû˼
Ҫ׻һȫҲ׵顣
ڹֵϷУһģҲֻͷֵ
һͷ֮λٵ硣
һͷռһǣΪһƬ嫵
Ҫܻѣ޷
ǵаȫ򣬶ݻġðȫֵʱ򣬿ӳȥһ顣
Ļ
껵۾
ɽɽϵİȫǷݻأ
УǲǿԽ뿪룿
ֱӵɽǱߣ
룬Ҳ޿ܰ


121 

ȫ
ܴ
תת󲿷ַ̺̫ң޷ȥ
Ψһʱͣӡģȥ޷
ĺ󷽣һ޴Ĺ㳡
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޴ϣԼԼĸֳ壬ûг׳͡
ʲô
Ӵⲻγɺ޷ƻĲ
۾һ
ֱùצ˺˼֣Щ˺󣬾ͻΪ˷ɻҡ
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ң껵ͷ˼Ƭֵ̣İٴӿͷ
ֺȫһ˵
Ǹܣʵ̫Ŷ
˵ģŲ㣡
û֣֮ǰ̻һһ
ߣӦܹµ˭ɡ
ת˰졣
ûзִĺۼ
ֻε뿪ϡ
ɽдأҲдų۵ľס֮أԲֻаȫôһĶ
Խϣ·Խߡ
ƯǰҲмѡ
֮ϵĿ翪ʼХɽȫһƬƺǡ
ɽϵֲҲϡ
ıޣͨĶҲӰ

һ޴ա
һͷӴԸӵİ׺ףܵƺž޴ĳСͷɻһ㣬Ƭ̺̺Уʧˡ
Ͻǧס
ķ磬˵ѹȸУ絶һ㡣
Ҫ˵궼Ҫɢ
Խӽ嶥Խ̺ĹŹҲԽֲ
Բͨķ磡
ѵǴ˵еɷе磿
̶ȣҰѹͷſȫܼڹܣԵֿڵ磡
ѾɣɽǷȷģ
ԶҲﲻ˾ͷ
Ҳɽһ㣬嶥޷룿
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컯ֲ
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ժһЩӣԣܿϧЩӼѹ־á
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ССĿռ䣬ԽԽһʵСˡ
˿̡
˸ߵɽϣȻ˶˼飬
ⲢҩԴ
ϸѰš
һһĳУķĹڷһҫŽ
޴ƴ˵е¯һ㣬Կһ͸Ļ棬̲ӵĿնð
һööӨ͸ӣʱŻƯֽȥ
У
ഫ۵أžŰپʮǧŰپʮŶ޾УܻΪǧ֮һ֮һ
ǧ磬תΪ֮ÿһŶӡ
ӣƷ֣ûжӣ޷ͻƴ˵㣬봫˵۵ľס֮ء
ڣ600
껿ž޴ĽɫĴһȭͷСɫӣ޾Ļ˿š
ΧһЩСģεͨӡ
мһţǶӣҲ֮á
ʱͣˡ
˵ҲBUG
ʱãʱ
ʩʩȻİװʱͬƿ˳
Կڳɳʱͬ໥֮£߶˳ĳ
ʱͬҺ˺ܶ࣬ɳҲ˲١
˿̣õʱͬĺʱ
ν۾ס֮أȥˣ



122 ٳ

ԶԶ͹˶ҪʱҪĵʱͬ
֮һ
Ҫ֪һΣָŮƣҲֻ֮һʱͬ
ųɳļ룬ʱָͬ˲٣ʮѵָˡ
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Ϊ˻һöɳӽĻ˿ճɳеʱŵǰ춨ӡ
飨ӣ
ɽĶӣֶΣɡ
ɶ磬֮磬Ԩ֮磬֮磬һεģɼɼķ磡֮Ҳɶ֮
Χ10X10ƽס
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κη綼Զס֮綼Զ
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ķ磬ЧԳ
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ϣ˶󣬹Ȼ粻ϮȻԽԽӽ嶥ҲԽĿֲ
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˺
һѪܵĹ棬˲˺



123 ģ

˺
׵Ĺ壬Ȼһ˺һѪܵĹ
ٻʮģһ¡Ťţһӣϵ䶯̶ļС
ҪʣֱӳԺУֱ𵴵꣬Ҫ顣
ԿŹϣŭ֮ɫʹ껵УҲĶģ쳣ķŭ
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126 հ


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127 

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128 硤

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ǵùֵϷУЩߴš̩ɽС磬ͷʬֵйء
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139 

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ҲԣϾִйʿصʿûл˵ˡ
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ҳϵݣ֮С
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ȺǻᡭѭȡӡеġΪϵĴڡ
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ϣǧ޹ʱԾڡνĵһʿڴ档
֪޵Ѷʮ꣬꣬ǧ꣬վѰٵˡΪǡ
ʬӵġҲѾ޾ûõ׼޵Ҫʲôᡭӡ
Կס޵žӡŵʼʵΪ㸸Ӷ˶㸸ӶҲˣ
һ߶λ
ϣЩּµʴǱĳӲ֣Ĩƽһ롣
Կָӡ
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ضľеģʼʵ۵ʬ츣ĶӡʼʵԼǰ˷Ƭ硣
ǵʷϼأʼʵ۾ѲΣһηݣ;Īеģ
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λǧһۣ껸Ǻߡ
ʤ츣ʼʵˣˣʼʵۺܿܰ츣ķԼһЩص飬հԼ̩ɽƬ֮С
ΪģܿתΪĹֵ
ʹǣҲĴڡ
ҪСһλǧһ۵ǻۡ
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λǧǰĵʱͽӴ˹ֵƵĽƷôпܣһдۣѰҳΪ֮ķġ
ֳһ⣬ʼʵӵΪֵķ̩ɽƬĳصɱ䣬
ôΪַ֪ͬ츣أ



140 ֮

ⳡܿ漰̩ɽʼʵ꣬ݺǧĹ¼У츣һֱа൱ҪĽɫ
ȥ֮᲻Ӱ껺Ķ
ңʼʵۺ츣ܿϵһӴ֮߾ǹֵʿ
ҵߣ츣νɽ֮Уʲô껾ͿȷǷǧǰֵɾѾˡ
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ǰƣҵʷϹֵֵĵһκۼԴͷû׼껾Ϳ̽ⳡԱԵɡ
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кܶܶࡣ
츣֪ȥ
Ӧ˿ѾΪߵĶʬ塣
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Щҵܾܿ츣ӵġ
ңƺ츣ʼʵۣҪĳִڣҪѪԼĺá
뵽֮ǰЩʿʧ٣ѪĴԣܾܿ츣ڰв߻
ʼʵ۵Ӧòܿܺڲŷֵġ
ֻǣʼʵ츣ӵʬʲôãѵֻΪתߣ͵ȳ²֮٣ֻΪ츣
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ȻʼʵԤϵ츣ˣôԲΪͰ츣ӵʬڴˡ
ԣѵʼʵΪ츣ɹɱ츣ΪйߣڴˣΪ츣ã
Ŀ˿ҳϵַ
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Կס޵šӡ
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ʼʵӦ츣ǧ󣬴žνԿףĳЩؼԵ¼;ӺԿйء
ϧһҲϲǧ󣬻Ȼ죬ʱͣʱͣñı졣̩ɽƬ绹֪²űأʹ츣Ҳ˵ĳطƵʱͣš
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ͬʱҲаľ
ֵĲԣܿܲôԵģϣܴܿĳֽ֮ӵжȡ߽Ϊֵа񷽷
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ԣʯƼڹֵĶԼ
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ԺлᣬԵȥ̩ɽٿƬǷݻļ
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֮ǰӵеǱԽǿҲԽǿ󣬵ʱ䣬ҲԽ
Ѿע⵽ˣһ·ԿںʴַĵìܾУѾԽԽ޷룬һַĻ᳹ķĿռ֮Уһ첻Զˡ
λֵǱѾ˾ͷ޿ޣ޿ڡ
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һϢ껵ԺС
ӿȣ̡
ϢͻȻء
񷢲ν֪ʶ߸껵֪



141 Ǳ

һϢϮ
ƺ񷢲ڵȴһˡ
ǹǰ޴ĹľҲһֱѰҵļ֮صʹ÷֪ʶ
ѨӴļ֮һƹַģȴ𽥽ӽĿռ֮У֮һ㡣
ҪģһУԽͻλֵĽޣתΪµĹֵֹ
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һƳɹַıض˼䣬ʱƣձںЩڹǱڹ֮µĸ
ùͻƾеƣΪµ֡
ȻʱҪѰµķȥٴƶںµĹַģӦ¹ʱҲضз츲صı仯
ǱΪµе·ģ
Թַһ治϶ƣںϡ
ַĶһ治ϵֿͻƣҲںϡ
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ֱƿطġ
ǶҵĹֵϵڲϵͻƣں붨շתֻء
ַĵĶԿƿصḶ́ƱػݹԼǿʱڣֱƿعַģƿعַĵи
գΪ֮йֵĺڰԴͷйַ֮ϣΪԴͷ
껵һ̣ǰν
뵽ǷĿռޱߵĺڰǺڰ˵ַĵռ֮ء
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ֻǶһ²⣬껲Ը롣
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ߣҪƷ
ĳڲģνҪ
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142 ۾
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143 ְҵ
ʱǲκ־ͣ
󣬷ɿȥ
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144 ʱ
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䣡
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꣬ڰ磬аȵȵϢڰռ𵴡

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199 ͼ

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200 еĺĤ
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˵ʵںڰԨĴڣһֱͦԦڸģǿɲԼҿ࣬ðΣѹĹ֣һĪܳ
ڰԨ״̬̫ΣգЩҪоԱҲʲôоЩȻ˲ٿ԰ЧԿֵƷڰԨҲżзʵ¹ʣŪԦܲɹ
ԣںڰԨĴڣ󲿷Ԧְֺһ˿˿־塣
һ׼
ˣΡΡզȥ
ȥвУ
Ԧߣһλɫ԰׵꣬СĺͷԦֹš
ȻϴνڰԨŹͷԦߺоԱǿ
ǿһɫ԰׵Ĳࡣ
ֱ֮󣬸Ƥ˰һһ
һЩϸСİߵ㣬ͬʬһֻúܺķסˡ
ʲô



201 ꡤ滻

˿
ͷԦǿ߶ͷİ˰֡
ǰһֱôǸ˻
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ǾӴһλа̶ĵùֵĹУһӲ˺üʮ꣬ʮķݣʮϴүһ㡣
кܶϡŹֵ顣
бŮԸȵȡ
ǿֻ΢⣬Ƕһݡ
õġ
ֻһﲻΪѣһֱ˵йָǱƵˡ
һΪѷһﱻץ׳Ҳûޡ
ʬߣ
ôĹ˭Լ⡣
զʣǲǺϲֶء
ôٷϻˣ
Ͻߣ˼Ѿȵͷˡǿɲô˵һĺŭЩԦߣ͵ɡ
û˭ΪССоԱ壡
ͷԦһǿԴ
Լˣ粽ȥ
ǿ¶˱ȿ޻ѿı顣
ǳѹϢĺڰԨ鲻ԽĴ˸¡
еĿ־壬ԽԽ
ֱ̧ۣ˿沼ϸʬߡ
ģ
֣ʬߣ
û˭û˭
ǿصͷ
ǰû˭ΪԼССоԱ壡
Сԭ
ٺ١ٺ١
䣬˻Ƶл
һ̣ƺҪױˡ

˼
ֵ״̬
һǱˣ
һͷʲô
껶ǿϸĿš
Կڱһֻ͸Ĺץţһĳ⡣
Ǹ֣Լ壬һڡ
滻һ㡣
ǿѾ뱻˳ֻʣһԴ¶ߡ
ʱǿȫͬһֻͷ֣һԴһԴ
ʮֵĹ֡
ֻԴƺ˭Ҳֲˣ״̬ʮأ봫˵еһһ
Ƿڣ̫ȷĹֻ߼Ҳ
ͨĹ֣ѷһ
ҲǲǿϢԣȫڹһ㣬Ϊһһͷ֣ϸ̽飬ʴ͸ϵ֪ʶϵŵԷֵĶ
Ǻǿȴء
صĹ֡
ٴθ̾һ¡
ⶫĸоͬԼĵһСһ㡣
Ҳ֮
ĳһּµͷ

С򡭡
׶ȡ˵ҪⶫҪЩʲô
ԽԽȤˣ
ԦߵĶУԼȻһͷ˭Ҳֲ˵Ĺ֡ڰԨеĵ̺ŶϡŹֵĶ
ʳٺ٣
˳һ˵㼣ҲƮ˾޴ĺڰԨС

ڰԨʱѾɿ
Ԧ˵Ĵȷʱ򣬴˵ƺΪŴԦ߹Ѻֵĵط
ֻǺԦ˵ղγ˵Ӵģ
ݺǧףܸǷԲʮ
ͨ£ֱʮףˢˮ۵ǽڸǣʱȴҲճĻɫ̦޺ϲֲ
ŤĹܣжܴڴˣֲͳΨһ
ֻǡʹЩֲкܶҲޱΣգͬӰǵĹһ㣬Ī⡣
Щڴ˵ĹֲЩֲ١
оԱͳƹֲ࣬ʼͳƵʱֻǧ֮ࡣ
ʱһͳƣ־ʮࡣ
ÿ춼µıŤֲ֣Ҳеھȥ
ղѣλоԱͳƣΪʵ̫ˡ
ȵȣ
ͻȻ˳˶е



202 ɹĢ
ȵȣ
ͷԦֹ
һɡ
ǾǽڰԨҪκֲǵΣԣǿġ
˵òŵ⡣͸Ͻѽ̧
ͷԦߣС־ӣָָµֲ΢΢䣬˵
ɶ
һѸһ
˽Ż谵ƹ;Դ档
һССĢһֲ
ֻ׸ߡ
΢һЩҲֱֻҡ
ڻ谵ĺڰԨֱʮ׵ľ޴ͨϸֲˡ
ССĶʲôΣյģ
ֲǹƷֻǿֲˡ
˺󣡡
˺󣡡
ɹĢ
һλоԱⶫӣɫ䣬Ѹָһȥ
뿪׵ľ롣
һ
ֻͷԦߣӻͳһСڹͷעһܣһӵȼһССĢ
Ѹٵĺˡ
䣡
ССĢڻӵĻµ˿£ȻѸٵ̼ͣͱһɡֱ׵Ȼ
Ҵмѿ˿ӣһͬͷһĶ֮䣬ѻӺСڹͷС

һľ׽
ۡ
޴Ģͬ©һ㣬֮䣬ֻΪһ̲ŨҺ壬һء
˶ĵȳζ
ǡ
С־ɫ԰ףֱ䡣ղԼͻϮȻ޹ıǳҲöԼ
ڼȰ˵ǲԽܵġ
ңһЩҺ̺ͬǿһĸʴԣҪ䣬ֱ޷
޹ܲܰôȫ档
ɹĢ
¶ȲζӰ£֮ڣ壬㿴ģ˲һȻȻΧ֪һУ븹С
߱ǿԣǿʴԣҪģ̫ǿûб֮ǰǺѷġ
ͷԦ˹̲ճҺԱߣͳһֻ״ϣһаѰʲôһͷҲصĽ͵
ܶоԱСԦ߶ǵĶ֣Ҳ꣬ոճֵģΪڰԨһΣֲ֮һ
ѲñĹ֮ܿ⣬Ĺܣһĵֿá
ԣ븹УһԦ߶ѳ
ͷԦ߽͵
ӳǱùܣÿ⡣ⶫֵʱǿʧ˲֣ҵ˿İ취
һоԱӹ˻⡣
ƺ뵽˵Ĳ״һļɵĮȻ
û°ɣ
˿С־ӣһµҡҡͷ
ССĢ֪еĻҪΣա
ԭΪʹɣҲ޹ؽҪƾԼܱһֲס

ڡ
ںڰԨԽļɵˡ
ͬʱС־ҲЩĺġ
ǶôγɵģУλӳʲôǶճҺ壬˵ĶģҪټһ𣿡
֪ͳˣ
ߣһôȥˣϲӡеʵѧ
һ
ԭλԦͷʶΪأֱԦ˵ǿԦߡ
ѵʱһѾˣôȥˣû뵽Ԧܲ
ҿûӡ
Ѱ
ֻһŻƶС壬ⶫŻҺɫ沼˰߲ùߡ
ɹĢ壡
Ķ
ֿ˿һԵоԱ
Ѿ׼ùߣһСС͸ձҺš
ֻоԱСռ÷Ŵ󾵿˿֮
Ӧ֣
оԱԴ˷ܵ˵
ջ񡣡
ص˵ͷף̧ͷ¿ǡ
ڰԨǲҪСķЩΣյֲҲһЩΣյֲ
ЩֲҪġ
ңɹĢǲҪ׶ȴСĳЩõıرƷ
һЩǶɡȵȡ
ԽǿɹĢӾԽǿ
λƯС㣬ȵɹĢ֣Ӧʮǿ󡣹ϲ㣬д󽱡
΢΢Цţ˾Ц
ߣ
ӿû㿪Ц
ⶫôγɵģ
Ҽǵõҽʱ򣬿ûô߰⡣
һ
ɫЩء
ʱ򣬺ڰԨȻҲޱΣգֻΪѺڶĹ֣ЩҪоԱʵԭ
ûЩ⣡



203 ԭ

֮ǰڰԨûЩֲڡ
żΣֲҲֻǸ
ܿͱԦ˲
б̬оԱЩֲȦо
ʱ򣬷һűֲֺܾá
ûûЩԦߣҲûѧϰЩ֪ʶ
Ļ˵ЩѺĿֲڣ˵Щֱֲȱ߻ĻҪΣա
ʹĵ˵ͷȻŷ޵ı߻򸽽ԶԦˣҲҪѧϰһЩ֪ʶġ
ֵģ춯ֲġ
ô꣬ûѧϰڰԨЩֲ֪ʶ
ڰԨ״Ƚϸӣֽ׶ΣʵҲô£Щֲǰֵġ
ʼ٣⼸ȴԽԽˡ
Ҳһ񡣡
Դ޷ҵ
˵ͦãûãЩֲͳˣùңһɾ꣬ÿ춼Щֲ
ʱĽ㣬Զܰ
ȻڰԨֲ죬ȻĸԭڣɹĢȴܸһЩ²Ϣ
˵⻹λСйء
ָָһֱĬˡ
üë
ң
û
㲻ãֲĳЩԣʶĳֶ

Щɻ
ɣԣΣȵȡѵǡ
ɫһ䣬Щš
ԭ壡
ܣⲻͱѺ𣡡
ԭ壿
һ㶡
Ʈڸߴ˵껣Ҳǲ⡣
ⲻǵ걻˳ɹӡĹ
Ϊ˽Ĺ֣ϸôӡĹϢ
ԭ壬൱ӡ
ԭ壬һͷͭзֵ֡
ܹɽеһͭ󶴣ͻȻΪ̮
¶һ޴Ŀġ
˺ܶ˾
ı򿪺󣬾Ȼ汻ͷųһͷֲĹԭ壡
һͷ֣֪ΪȴڿС
߱ΣɿǿԣҿͱĿֲ⡣
һ֣ɨ˷Բʮ飬ǳֱĩһ㡣
ս䣬ʴȾһʡ
Щֵĵش
ͷֲĹ֣֮ܵ껵ĹעΪôͷνԭ壬ʱͣĿоĶ
пܵĻȥⶫоʲô
ȴû뵽ȻϢ
ɹĢԭʲô
ûǶԾɱѺţҾ͹ѺںڰԨC򡣡
һҪעǣЩɹĢȳֵλãҲԭ屻Ѻĵص㸽ֵġ
Ӧֲ֪󲿷ֵֶŤӰйءɹĢܾܿǱԭӰġ
Ĵ󲿷ֲ඼ˡ
ؽ͵
ȵȣ
˵ÿһֱֲп׷ٵһͷӰǳֵԴͷЩ֡ΪʲôǰûУѵڰԨʧأеĹֶѾѹӡסˣ
ɫ䡣
ûУ
ֻǲ²ɹĢԭˡЩֲģĸԭԾ޷ҵ
ڰԨҲûʧأҲõѹšһطġ
ƽĽ͵

ǻã
ܾúڰԨǿŶʱը취׽һȫըķǡ
ԾɱԼۣںڰԨûмԦܹġ
Ҳ⡣
Щ취ˡֻǴеϣܹ磬Ұɡ
üëָ˵
ߣϣ
һ졭
߰ɣǰ
ɲҪʱӿɲײ
һƬ̣ʼǰ
ƮɹĢҺ壬س˼š
Ϊ֣ĽǶȣȫ棬Ҳϸ¡
һЩ࿴ģԿĸһЩ޷޷ģҲܿ
˿̣ǰ̲ճҺ壬Уﻹһֲ̲
ĳͷֲڴ˵Ĺܡ
ԿЩܣճҺһĻۣջһĳĿռв㣬ʧ
ƺعĳִڵС
ʲôֲʲôӰ죡ǹƨ
ЩĳЩ֣һ͸ԼЩ͸ĳЩֲγЩĶ
ôЩΪʲôҪô


204 â̱ĸо

͸γɹֲ
ΪҪˣ
ˮѹٺ٣Ҫһӳӡ𣿡
껲²š
ǻЩ̫Եĵط
ֵֻȻп͸ΪβƷ
ѵˮǵѹǿ
޷ͷȫֻһ͸
е㲻̫ܡ
ȤǵҪʲôɡ
һץסŨҺлûгȥĹܣһϣʧ
Źһ𣬻ع鵽δ֪ߡ
ʱͿ֪ЩֵҪʲôˡ
˿ıֲֿ˿ŵĺڰԨ
࣬Ծɻõİȫ֮С
ȴ룬νܲ͸ķӡѾָʴɸӣ
ɶҵʳﰡɲȫӳȥ

껼ˣȻܲСƷϢҵŹҪġ
Ĳ
һ·˲ٵֲ
һֺǻŵԦǰЩǽ˳
껻ܿԦצСô֪ͨΪξȻͬһ㡣
һЩԦ߰Щեȡְ֭ҺȻüĺȥ
ȥԦƺۿɼٶȻָš
˼Ķ⣬Ȼһ־Ʒ
ĵĳһ㣬ûʲôζ
ȻĹ֣ͬûʲô˵
ڰԨͦȤġ
ϡŹֵĶ١
Ҫ飬һҪúõһ
һ˼ǰ
EF򣬽DȻֲϡӵΣա
ֲԵͨԦ߶Щ֡
Խ룬ܵĻĵԽ࣬½ľɫֲľ
Ҳż˲ϡŹֵ֡
糤۾ӣ֪ǲֲ
Ϊһֲ塣
ҪǲСĲȥͻͬȵһ㣬һըѿ۾̺صѲ̤ˣ˲һա
гͷĿÿһͷϣݣǳ׶

ӽCʱ
ͻȻɫһ䡣
죬뿪⣬ǲľǣ
һȺڹľƮ͸õ˵ע⡣
ɫһ䣬ϸ˵Ƕʶû˿ԥѸһͨȥ
һХ뿪𣬺ðŽ
˵ľһֱ߻бȽϳĹ
ڱȱֲﻹҪ򵥵Ķ
ӦǱֲĳЩʱݻ
ǿԳʱʵڵʡ
ûʲô̫ĹЩǳɹģֵģһ˹ģ˸߶ȵΣԡ
ľȻСȴҲͷƤ飬Բڡ
ɻһλǰ
ںڰԨУǴŲӦͨģΪ˿ЩΣյĴõġ
һ
껽ӽ˲ľǣ߶ȻľۼһѸԶƮȥ
ܡˣ
΢΢һ㶡
Բۣ
ֻ뿴⵽ʲôѰ
ֲǣ

ôֲ
ЩľǾȻܲϢ˼
ʵ֪˿̵ЩֶͨǿҵѹҽӽڵķΧ
һӽǻһֱϵĿ־塣
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ȻǿȴԾܹܵڤڤŤϢ
Щľǡ
껸һǰ
ģЩЦ
ֺܶΣչƺܷټ˵ܵϢ
ֻҪܹƶģԶľˡ
֮ǰֻɹĢܿҲܵˣֻǺܿƵ޷߰ˡ
ȻCƶĹֲܶ࣬ﾺߵҲǰ˾
죡
ʹ򣡡
ǲǱʲôˡ
üͷ뵽ʲôɫ΢΢һ䣬ѸٷԸ
ֻйؼʱ̲ãʱ䣬ûĸԦ߸ݳ޵ʹá
ⶫ̫ˡ
Ȼɫľȼţû˿Ϩļ
ô£
ɻĿء
ֺֻ֪ܲĸоܸоʲôһ㡣
â̱
ңCЩֲﶼЩ̫ˡ
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ܣ
ɲǵжɡ
ʲôطǸе¡ѡܡЩ⣬ǵֱɱǿ
ɨܣϸĹ۲κοɵʣȴûκη֡
ô˵Ҳܸоʲôڸǡָо֮ǰˡ
ȷе˵ѹͷŹ֮ˡ
˿Ա̧ŵľ޴ˮײģɫޱȡ
͸оЩԾˣֻһֱ׵⡣



205 ľʵ¼

һʱЩѹ֡
־ĺڰԨУǼǿе˿־֮С
ǣʲôδ֪Ĵڶˣ
ߣСĴĳֽ֮ĵ̣
󱳷飬һ㡣
ⶫ𣿡
Ѻ˻ͣԾҪ֣
ˮײģأʵ
Ӧá
ӡĺܺãûһ˿¶
ؼһˮײģҡҡͷ
ңͷŹʹͻƷӡҶ˶â̱ĸо
ͷŹ˻࣡
ܣʲôҲûС
Ȼģģ޵Ĺоȴʵڡ
ʹԦĶԱⲻҲûзӦȴԾɴе΢ĸо
ʲôģָоɲ̫
һһͷֲļһ
˵ɫţǿɲЩͨԦߣʮԼֱ
϶ʲôֲĴڶˡ
ߣһֲڻĵ̣
̤˽ɵ֮У
Ȼĸġ
ʹûзӦҲֻܱʾδ֪ʱߣ߸ͼⲻ
ǺߣǺ
˶һۣĿء
Ͻߣ
ƽŹ뿪
ܿǺڰԨֳˡ
Ҫϱ߲㡣
ҧҧػǾɽ
Σûг֣ôصĻ˵Ԧеĸ߲Ƿͬ⣬ߵҲͬ⡣
ŹҪģʧ
˼ǰ׽C
ģǷܵĹܣʱʱϮ
â̱ĸоƺҲʧˡ

һ˳ĳ˿ȻϮҲǳ鷳ܱȱδ֪ڶҪõöࡣ
ӦǺڰԨֳˡղǵطӦĳֲֿڵĵ̡
룬оԱѸղŵ󣬵صλã¼
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ǣ֮ǰûҾбϵĸо
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ŹѾǰǲҪ֦ĺá
ʲôɣԺƽϡ
ޱĿŶߣף϶λŹٻĿֲڣǽˡ
kҪʲô
ԼŹ
Բǣ
ôǺڰԨʲôλڸȤģ
뵽ܣ˺ֱ
оԼѾɼ̤֮Уڤ¼δ֪ڣڰԨһеһУƺгĹϵ
籩ĵ㡣
֪ʱصǻ̬ԽԽŮԻʮĿܣͬһ㣬硣
ŨĹöɿڵʳ
ܴ˴˵ļƻ
Ҫ취ǡ

СĴԽCʱ
껾ӵͨһ޴ķӡǰ
ļŨҺеǵձʧ
ԭ
ӡʱ䡭
ص㡭
ӡ
жɣɱ˹ɣܡ
껿ŷӡǰϢƣϸԭϢ
ĵΪжо̽
ע⵽˼оϢ
ʵ¼
2016423գԭ壬оּ̽ڿӰ졣
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ʵߣҲӲ֤ˣԭγɵļ֮أȽϷϹֵϲãǵϳһĻ
ŤӰģδ֪
ǵһ¼¼ԭӰϢȽϷ껵Ĳ²⡣
ʱͣõľоʮơ
γɼ֮һעġ
õ徧оûֹܣ
˵ԭ壬Եľо
ȻԵľоڵֵϷУʵ磬ûм
Ƿڣ̿δ֪
ЩҲᡣ
ڶʵ飬껵ӡ
ʵһ
2014213ӡԭڰԨĵһ졣оͭ󣬶ڹֵķӡá
ԭƺӡͭУԲ²ͭҲԷӡ֣ʵǳĴ˿ֵӰ죬ȴǷ˲СĹ֣ٶڴ˿ﶼзӦַܿӦʧӰ١ƺڲһ㡣һЩʵ飬һ·ӡԭͭ7000ǰ
ʵһЩĹ֣к΢ķӦ󣬱˲ָȫͭȵȡ
²һԭ7000ǰӡĹϹ֣ʱʹڷӡֵֶˣ
²ͭȿǷǰˮһ㣬Ϊֵķӡ֮Ϊʲôˣ
²ˮֻ᲻һ죬ͻȻʧȥã



206 ˮʱ
²ˮ᲻һʧȥã
Ĳ²⣬úɫıرעġ
껿ţüͷ
һ²ĻԶʱԦѹ֡ͭͭʲôģͭѹ֡
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ôѹ֣Ϳʷ̣ʹõĲͬ֡
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ƽʱԶ
ʱϹ
ͭʱ
Լڵ
ˮʱִ
ȻʱֻԼеģܿܰڻƽǰ棬ֻȽϷ߼ѡ
Щ֣һʹĳЩЩѹǵʣһʧȥáһЩԭ򣬵֮ǰѹûЧµѹӡתƵϡ
ĸʱƽ𣬰ͭˮԶУѹӡʡ
˼̫˼ˡ
ЩֵôģȻѹӡʣʧЧתơ
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һǲǾͿ˼һ£ѹӡֵģˮ̺ĳֹԣ
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ԼĹֵĹ֣ѹӡԣתƵϡ
ѡǿлĻôֻ˳ӹֵΪɣȵȣȻԷЩɵķʽѹӡ
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ֻǣЩѹӡеԣʲôζȡ˵껻ɶͷԡ
һжֻĲ²⣬пֻعıǨˡ
ˣȲǵôˡȰǰС˵
껸оԼĿˮҪˣĹצϳĻ
ûһ·ӡˮŻ
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һɰĹܣ
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˵ʵ˵ЩԦ˸߲Ĳ֪ЩʼӵǾԲŵġ
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˼ţӡУޱȵƬ̺ľ׽
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ԭӡӸĹܣҲɢ
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209 Ѫе

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ԦһֻƷƺǹּӵһȫŮǿļɱг
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ⶫҪѪҺ࣬ҵԤƣҲҪ3000֣ԸȥеԦߣԵ㹻ĹѪҺ֯
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ֻһֱǶľϢΨһ¼ЩϢĶеֽʵˡ

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˼ֵֹƣǱѹǱߵĹ֡
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211 ɴ

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һжΪޣӰ
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ڲ֪ǰԼֱԴޱȣȫǸЦ
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213 ɣϣ
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245 ߵĿֲ

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251 ɫ

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252 ĪĿ
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ƺһֻͨĲŤԽԽأĳֿµĸı䡣
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ڲԶĿյϣһöͷ貹âĻ֮𣬺Ƭ;ƯС
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ʹѾ˰꣬ȴԾɴݲŨŨϢˮԪϢòɢʱмײ
֮԰ѻ֮ƬҲΪ߿Ӧ̺ĲϢźԶԶķλݶȥ
˵Ҳܰѻ㵱ɵӰһͨĵطͻȻҪĲʣⲻǸ˼ңһ޴ô
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һεҽһĳɫѪҺڵϣ֮䣬ΪһųҵĻ档
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аԾ
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ߣıޣǰ̵ĴݻӿѪ⡣
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޵˻𣬻Ѫ˺һ𣬿ֲľ
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һöȭͷСɫʯͷǶһֻĸ֦ɫСϡ
Сɢŵİ׹⣬ûҶӣϵ¶УҲûأƯһߵķλ
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ֻǼ򵥵Ŀһۣͺ񿴵תٲһĻ䣬̫ж޾ķУ貵âչ֡
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һ̣֮У޾
һ̣γɵϵͳ壬ʴ͸ϵռ䣬֪ʶϵδ֪򣬾öصĺɫҲҵĲ


ǿ
֮ڱȼ
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񿴵ԼʯͷںС߾ͳޱ߹
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˿ԼıİȥڹۿСʯͷð죬ŵ
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ôԶȻҲԼ˴
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ղͻȻֱֲ̫ˡ޷ݴ˿Լеĸܡ
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Ľըѣʱͣ޵צӣȴȣֱӱһЩצϵѪƬ
ЩѪƬܵı޷ᡣ
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飡
޾ѪҲûϣγһ޴˳һӰʱͣȫ˽ȥ
һ̣ЩѪɫ˳ͱ޻˺
ĿǱ޹޾Ѫɽȥʱͣ磬ƺ΢һ㣬ȻԣʱͣޱϤʲô˼ˣ
ʱͣ磬·һһֵĥˣ
ʱͣʱ䣬ڼ٣
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λʲô
ʲôȼĴڣ
ǿĴڣΪʲôھͳˣûбʱͣӡ
һжЩ˼顣
е𶯣֪
·
һʱ䣬˫СΪޣٴζ
ȴʱͣû˿취
ÿһιԼצˣȻ˿ڶӴͣ΢˲ϢͿɸԭ
ʱͣһֱ飬Ҳŭѡ
޾ѪĹڣȴҲһءǰĶһѪӽСͻᷢ
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ֻһΣûֱСĵƬʯͷ
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ȻƻСΧʱͣ磬һҪ޺޾ѪλƷ͸еһͷƤ顣
⼸ǲܵ
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ǣʮֲġ
û˿취
߽ͬ
ð죬һҲû
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̫ˡ껸֪ԼһΣǲԼ
û־Ҳ˵
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Σղð
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ͻȻ㶣ͻȻоԺдһ쳣ϤĲ
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ĿǼʱ
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ߣʽ룡



257 ³٣
һϤĲԺ
㶣ͻȻֳһ˿ϲ
Үռ䣡
³ܵܵӰ죬ҮҲԼıܣ֪εεصǣȴҪĹͷˡ
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껻ûа취ءҮռ䣬ɲؾ̫ˡ
ȻҮռƬ򣬿϶ҲܵСʯͷƬӰ졣ҪȻҲĹͷ˼ʱĽ١
ﰵĥ
ɣоγɣܿܶǰСʯͷƬйء
һشڣſ³ʹҮٴ˵غڴ˿̶ȫ
оҮɽޣΨһʧˮż
ٴοһʱͣеС
ⶫǷˮżԭڵĻйأ
˭Ҳ޴ӵ֪
һ껵Ӱʧԭڵ
ռҮС
绹Ҫһʱ䣬ڲǽʱҪĵȴ

һƬ磬½룬ڵĻ档
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ǣڣ³һΣôԻĳɳȵġ
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258 һСë
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˵ʵǸ磬Ȼڶ࣬ͨԾ硣
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˵ĹҲֻǰ죬ǴɭмһΡǿ϶࣬ǹɡ
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ѵУѾŮƳʱͣ磬ʼˣ
磬ʱͣԳ©ûǸļһƿأһʼű飬ҵľطչ
üͷһʱ侹ССһСͷ˼ҡ
ںߣϣʱͣ©಻СƷϾ飬ֺҲԸܡ
ȻȻϣǱʶôһ飬ңŻ粻ϵĻ䡣
110꣡
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ڤڤеԤУ110ʱǸļһһֵġ
k˼򵥵Ĺҵһڲ߻ʲôʲôУ
һ֣ضʯ쾪
Щ˼껰ĿͶ硣


СʯͷƬᣬѾ˰Ȼ׶Ρ
Ѫ⣬˳һ㣬ӿһ
ʱԿбޱѪȥ
ߣͷȮ㶯ȫѪˮԪعԪعȵȣصǵأһʱ¶ڸ˹â
޾ӣţ䣬˲ɨһƬѪ
ŨŨȳζɢ
һλϤӰֻ׼ɽŮΡȸβ룡
û뵽һҲٻ˹ս
һʱɳһ̺Ĵ˵ϵȵȵɽζԽԽŨˡ
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ʹڣĹҲȻǲ٣ͷͷȮǿ̫ˡ
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껿СܣҪҡҡ׹ʱͣ磬ָһ»ڵĻ֮𣬻ϵƬ
ľϲĪںˣʵû뵽ȻƬ㡣
ϲ̫ͻȻ
ȻˡǾٸһЩľϲɣ
һգצ֮ǰһŻ֡
ĸֱߡ
ͬʱͷָ뿪ʼת
ַ̫ģ׼



259 ʤ

˵̽ʲôأ
˵ڷתʱ䣬һ·ϵʻճӣһ·Ϻ飬ʫ껪Ÿ裻һ·ϲײײһ·Ϸ¶ޣˮΪƣ
ҪǣǰһжǺ̽壬ջʱ̣
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ͬһʱ

Сʱͣ磬ֵһ룬ںȻըѣΪĽâ
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Ѿɢ¶ȣ֪ΪΣһ˲һƬ״̬
ԲʮķΧһ̣һʱ򡪡ʱ



ڳ飬ƺĳٴˣһᾪⲻӱָת
ϧûֻ࣬һ˲γɡ
󣬱㱻öǡԺҪԼ˺ѣķۿɼٶȣٵ½
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һֱΪĵǽϵġԭΪֻ޻̸֮ڿˣ˵Ҳпİ
ֻЩŹ֣Ȼ֮

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Լء־ļŤֲ״ĲĹ󣬻벻ĺô
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ķǿףͨǿġ񶼣Ȼûвػƾų磬һйֵܹС
ʹˣҲܴܿɣѹֵ߻
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Ȼǰ߻ǺߣȴڿԻȡġ
ͷƤֽʱ޷룬磬ȴҲʧӰ



262 ëȻļ

ͷƤֽ򡭡硭
껳
ǱҪģӵ֮־أԼйء
أȫǱ
껲²⣬ǧһ˵100ʱǰļһνĿģԨȵȣЩû׼йء
Ͼ֪ʶϵЩеֻ֣ҪĪĴͶעӵĿ⣬Ϳ԰Լأ磬ͽԨȵȣ
ⲻ롣
ؽ߾ʲôģλļһҪľģԨֻʲô
ҿһѡ㲻ҪԨôͷƤֽĹΪټϹ硭
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ͷƤֽ磬ʮνȷʱص㣬ޱصڤ飬֤̽һв²⻳ɵ;
ΪˣҪȴʮ꣡
Ӧ˵ʮˡֻʣ˽42ʱ䡣
Ԫ162ʱ䣬ͷƤֽ磬ڤ齫ή١

Сӣأ硭һжǸʱ

Ԫ110꣬뻪껹ʱ䡣
һƬŹ֣ĽȺУ˼أԲ
֮ǰ񱼶ӵҮռ䣬һȫİĵش
ǹ۲ǿգ޷ȷԼ˵ĸ䡣
ľֲĹ죬ǱߵĽȻͬ
ֲձ鲻ߣٳǱߵİ׵Ŀֲ߶ȡ
ֲܵֳһֻҰɫʣһЩֲĻ䣬Ҳǲ԰ףҰ
ɫƺǺɫɫģżŲ԰ס
ԿÿһɢŨĺɫ塣
ϣݺύѵĵط죬żҽӿҽ˳ѷ죬ѿЩѷ첼˺⣬ܻҰֲԱȸʮֵǿҡ
УҲ̫ȡ֮ŨŨĻơ
ֻöɫ̫Ծɸ߸߹Ե÷ǳҰѹ֣𣬲Ϣ
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266 ʳ顤
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ޱߵĺڰ֮У̳ɢİ׹ʮֹۡ⣬ƺһ⣬ûɢڰŨǱУһ˿˿顣
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267 ڵĹ

ߣһ
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һʱ֮ͣǰƺʹˣ¶ܣ൱Ĺ죬ò껶һЩ



268 

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ͺ˼ˡ
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ⲻò껹ģָоƺ֣ǳҪ䱳εܡ

Ƭ̺ҡҡͷЩ벻ס
˿ܣɫԾδɢȥֻ֮ǰĪĽŲȴʧˡ
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Σ˯޷ӽξ磬벻ξ磬ʲôȥԸξ
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˵һҲ֮ӵʢ⽫Լƿзġ
ĬĬš
ᾧҲǺǼɱԭ
ʹһЩֵҲϲɱЩһϾ˵ףһеĸ

ڶ峿
˹Сȥ껳峿ʱ⣬ʼŲԶľ޴ɽȥ
ԽӽɽֲܵԽŤ˻ɽºѾԿЩֲŤ״̬۵ţһߡ
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ڽӽɽʱܿʼֹ½룬ֵֹľ
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磬Ϸ˵硣ٷҲꡣѧ۵㣬˵֮Ĺֵ֮С磬֮³Үռһ㡣
ҲѧһЩҴѻʿռܿһƬʵĿֲռ䡣ֻ֮ͨˡ
һ²⣬֤ܶࡣ֮˿ֲ֣ʵ磬粻磬Үռһ㣬֮ǿҲɵʵ硣
ԣ˲²⣬֮һΪĿֲڵء
ڣʵУҲ֪֮Ǹô״̬ӵе磬Ǿ͸ˡ
׵ɽ
޴Ļɽȥ
ʱ΢΢һ㶡
ֻ޴ĻɽڣڲǻҽɫԻ״̬ƺֵиҲۡ
һ޴߲ʱĤһĶڻɽһ޴Ż磬صȴȥ̽


269 عľ

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ɽڲȴҽӰȡ֮½룬޶˵ľɫʡ
һž޴ıĤ磬߲Իɫ󣬸ɽһŻȴ껽롣
䣬аشһ˿ۻ࣬мµŤ
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ƺֹҮ롣
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죡
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2100
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ǿԽĽޣˣkٻ񡭡ȴɫ۾ջˡ񱻷ֶʳ֮
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271 ʬ۶

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껰ĥš
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ʱ룬룬Ժ룬ʱҪ
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276 ʱ쵽˰

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278 ȾʧЧ

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о޴Ĺž޴ͷȴʨȸβǧ״СôĴӲ³Զһɽи֣չգ޴ıҪԶӴܡ
Ȼȴ˲䱻ڹɨĺڹ۶ûüܣһȫ鿪
壬ըѳһȭͷСƬЩƬںڹУմֻкٵһ֯Ƭɽ
Щ֯ɫһļ˴Եλá
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ھ޴ĹޱڹըѺ
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һΣȻûκβУûз֡

ԭƽϵգںڹɨȴɺɫҺ壬һվͱĺڹΧնΪƬƬĻ粻֪
гһһĺݺڲ³ϿգڹɨΪޣʧ
֣޾ĺڹУһöСɵİɫǳ߹գȴѸٵԶȥƺ˺ڹ֣
ҲΨһһںڹɨĹУĹŹִڡ
ֻĹŹִڣ϶и࣬ȴռ˰ٷ֮ʮš
˶
˶Ĺڣ
Ǻڹɨ껾Ȼû˿֡
⻹ֻǲ³
ȫж٣
ÿһֵĹ̺ĿֲϢ껼޾Ѫλв١
Ҳɽ޼ġ
ôܡ
ȻôضֲĴڡЩһﵽǡ
껾֣޷š
Ǻɨһеĺڹ⣬޴ĺڲĴڣֵڸʲô



284 

ڹڸ
ͻȻΪЩˣ״֮ǣ
ؼǣôҲڱĶ
ʮߣ
֪ΪΣͻȻ뵽һʡ
ɱ
ûɱ
ڹɱһ㣬вܿƣŤȾĶ
һαаٷ֮ʮŵĹڣᱻ״ɢ
ԿбĴڣΪǿ󣬶ЩһﲻƬصĶɣûбʱͣʱͣķӡС
Щļһ֪Եͻʱͣ磬ҲǱʱ֮ͣġ֮Ⲩڹ⣬ԵľЩӹ죬޳״Ĺ
ӦǾ仰ܿƵģս⵽㡣
ѵ޾ѪλҲڱУǵʵӦӵɡ
޾Ѫ̫ǿˣʹڹǿ޵УҲҿ϶ܰλҲ
ϣλеģ
֮ǰǸǳ
˼
ҿԼӵַ̫ģԼƬ磬ֿԶƬ硣ĻҲǱһ
˿
Щҡ
һΣԽľãӵ͸ʴϵĽָûò򣬸˵γԵģȫµĻˡ
һеһУϵ֮ϡ
õĵػΪҪ
˿̣оŵͬʱҲЩߡ
ǸİļһȻһҲ
ֱǹӲţ
Ҳ껴ү˶صĸݣ̩ɽţۺʱͣǿȡΪǰļһ﷢ֵֿǸBUGڸصϿԡ
껰ֹ
ⶼΪ˭
ΪǸļһܹõи磿
Ŀνࡣ
ϧ
Ȼʶġôү˶æˡ
֪ܣʮƤš
ʵ˵һʱͣ棡
ƻĶӰӣһֱͣ
Ѿ漰ĹֵϷݣͰ̩ɽ¼¼ۺ¼M¼һЩ½ݣ续Ƥ¼֮¼¼漰սᾧо¼ȵȣӰڡ
Ԫвϻεڵڴ֮ϣôֵ֪Ϸľݵļһ˵ĶĲΪ
֮ǰЩĹڣǹֵҲãǱҲգ״֮ǿıȱȽǣǶǻֵۣ֪ϷһСһЩǻ۵ģȴֲƶͱһط
˼ȾҲֻʴԼڵһС򡣾ͬϳ˸أĶǿƶɶأϱؿ
ȻǲԼν󶾴ġ
ΪǸļһһֱãĬֱѵϷڲԱ
ϣҪôõģԹһյϯڲˣ
ӻ
ô֪˭ӲԷþˣôӣǸˣ
껳кɫ̫ݺݵıһָ
кɫ̫Ĵڣ֪Ǹļһʲôϵ磬ôڰǸشڡ
ԣɲ²⣬ߺܴܿĳֹϵ
ҲпܣǸļһúڰ̫жϾλڣƺ޷ֱӲֲڲĳЩ
ڹɢķǳ졣
Ƭ̣ϣȻ˻ȥ
ڤڤУƺڰ̫Уһŭŭ
껵ıЩ
ѵǸļһúɫ̫
ɫ̫ʲôĴڰУܹٷ֮ʮŵĹڡֹĶ
ҲĲΰɣ
ǿ
һ԰ռΪС
껿˿ɸû˿Ϊһֺڹⱬĺɫ̫һƬ̰
Ҫⶫ
ϧڵʵ
еʱ䡣
顭ǸʹһһܻᴥµĶ˵ġ
հĿ⣬Ǿ޴Ľɫš
ʱͣеĳʹֵͬһ㣬ǱĴڡԾɺúõš
ͬɫ̫λһ
ڣá
ڵд󲿷ִѾԿԼƽȵȥ
ƬҲˡ
껷֣һֺڹȻƺնʧ˲١ֲÿʱÿƺڰлѾֹͣȵŤѾ
һУָֻĹС
ٱϿ˵ġ
ڹ껱Ϊһоʹϡ
һ
һӱ飬û˿Ȼ
Լ쿪ʼ
ѱֽ
䱾Դ
ղкγɡ
Ǹļһ
ʱ꣬ٴγ֡



285 ɱԴ
Լ쿪ʼ
䱾Դ顣
кγضĽ֮
кγػڡ
ٴοģԨȡ㣬ʱ޷
һһ֡
Ȼһʱӵĵδƺġ
ţа˼
Ȼɫ̫Ǳλشڲٿصġľ˵
ֻǽ䱾Դ
һ
ͻȻ֮ǰܣĹڵϸСĺۼİ߰ߵ㣬۶
֮䣬ҪΧɢȥ
ЩµıԴ
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ܣôӵģ
껴һ޾ȻΧɢȥٶȼֱʳûΧĹɢһڰЩȥ
ڲ³Χͷڱ飬͸ԼıԴ껼ſƺƵɭڰ³ڵС
ıԴ㣬ɢڵģ֮һʣ֮ĵĲ֣븹С
һУȻ
ˣã֮һıԴ͵үʹ͸ǵˡ
껰˰֣ùֹͣ׷
Ĵڣ
˵һУôĹһ
ʣЩ㣬һ˴أһ˶ֲڣһʱͣ磬˽ڵڡ
Ǹеʹࡣ
ԸоЩ˱Դ飬ϢӴƳƺǱǷޡ
껰Ŀ˼ϵת
ȫ״֪зȻЩڱˣˡȴ컯ڲ飬Ժʱͣһһ츳̬ʵࡣ
ΪԺ磬춨˻
ڣ껶ԿһЩ˹Ķֲֲһ仯ʱĽǴӱڱ仯Ÿ߼ķܿȫ緶Χڣһɴ˽Ϊɽޣ
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֮ǣĿռһźڰΧŶȥ
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ģַ̫ˡ
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ڵ껣ǿһԴ6.7Ŀֲ
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ڵ⣬Ǽǿ̺Ǳʱͻƣ˲ΪֻżNO.1
ʵֱ׷Ĺֵ
Ծڳֹڱµľ൱أȴЧǷ껵ûִ󿪴ϣֱײ״̬ϸ紺꽽أϸѩʪ
һƺˮһ㡣
껶ͷУΪص̫ʱȨʼһ޸ЩʣƺȨҪۿɼģصŹʱ򣬴͵Ѻȱֲ
ԭ쳣۵״ʱֻʣһЩϸ΢Сۼϸ۲Ļѿ
ЩϸСĺۼ޸ģҪ껻Ѵʱ䣬ˮĥĹһȥ޸
̫ʱȨѾӰ䷢ˡ
̶ȵȨ껲ԷӳԼٷ֮ʮϵʵ
ע⵽̫ʱȨ޸ƣʵҲһ
껵ʵӣҲǿ˲١ǱʱɼһʱʱԣîʱƺҪס


286 ҹ
ڱʱʱڱ
Ƿȱι⻪˸ȴ
࣡
Ҫ׼һЩʱԵı԰伤
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֪ʲôЧӦء
껵̫ʱȨǿйְҵϵġֻҪָתӦʱڷְҵͿˡ
ֻÿһʱ򣬶̺ԼְҵʱŹîʱǱʱʱзְҵõҲԽ
îʱżܣܿļ
һ˵ʲôʱ򣬷ʲôְҵɡ
ȻŹְҵ࣬ӡ
Դ룬Ҫõʱ䣬ȥĵ̺Ǳ
ҷŷš
껰Ŀַ⼸Ϣϡ
кγɽƷ
кγػڡ
ٴοģԨȡ㣬ʱ޷
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ⶫֵϷȽϳ͸ͷƤֽЩƷ࣬󲿷ֶɻĹֵʣ֯ɵġ
ǣһ⣬ѧá
ǵһƷԴǹֵϷУͷƤֽ磬ǶõһƷԴںΡֻܲ²ǹؼ佥ݻγɵġ
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˼ʧܵԭ򵽵ʲô
һ֮䣬ûоʲô̫ı䶯
˵ô䶯ֻԼȥһͷƤֽ磬õȫµĻģ类һȫµĹ򡣡
ܺйأ
̫ܣһЩһԸˡû׼طʲô仯ֻǾ̫ңԶԼ޷ˡ
껰ĥš
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ڵȴʲôأ
껹עһ㣬ֻ룬Уûõһ㡣ʱŴߣ;гûbugϼѵѡ
ĳЩѰڻûޣ
͸ϲС˵ʦҪдһƪС˵ۺУǾͿĿŵȥС˵ˣҳûޡ
˼Ϣ
ܵδδʱ
һеתȷλá
һ
еĹâ
еϢ
ԭİ磬»Ϊڵҹ
ڣ
Ϊǹ¹ⶼѾ伣ȫӰУǳƺʲôڵһ㣬ûһ˿һĹ͸
ΧžЩ졣
һĪѹָУ̼Ϯͷ
ӲС
еĶﶼڵϡ
ֲҲֹͣҶӶ˶̼ò԰ޱȡ
ĿХķ磬ƺһ̶
ؼ䣬ʼµģѹֵģֲĲϢ
ʲô
ɫһеȫλĵס
һ
䣡
Ѫɫէ֣
޾ѪڵӶ
⺣̧ͷޱȵʣŴͣʲôҲ˵ˡ
ϵǰδеĳ̶ȣ



287 յѪ

ҹ֣Ѫ³
껸ո̧ͷ㿴޾ĺҹУһ־޴ģһѪ˺˺Ļ޾֮С
һεεѪҺźɫĹâ׹
һ̣µĲϢɢ
껸оԼڵĹַǰδеı޾Ĺ֮֮ӿԺ
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Ŀռܵĺڰ֮У˸ֹǺһԿһһ԰׵Ļ⣬޾ĺڰ
ƺһööַģ

ͷ
Ӱ
̰ʳ
ȵȣ
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껻ϸ룬ͻȻ͸оڰռУڹַĵĲ԰׹ȻߣһѪɫĹԣȻ˺˺ڰٵƬԶںڰ֮еĵش
ЩѪµĹԣ
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һ껲ѹԼĹַģ˲˷Ŀռ䣬ûƮԶڷĿռϷﵽٷ֮ʮһĽȣͷųױȵϢͱйַĶҪǿĲ԰׻档
һ˲֮棬һҫ۵ĴڡΧڵļʮ˹ȥ
ԽҵĹƺԽѪµĹԣֻٴ˴Ѫ¹ԣȫ껵ĹַĻ˹
һƣһ˿˿˲԰ĻС
һУȻ
ַĵĽȣʼ껶޷ŵٶȣ
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껱ܵ㿪ǻ֮ǰڰռľͻȻֹס˽Ų

޴ѪҺţһСɽ壬ͷĳڵλõ¡
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ͬղţڰռУַıԶһѪ¹ԵģȴΪװ˷СֻԵ
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ڣ˷ѵĲࡣ
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Сλ֣ӵиǿĹ塣ǿĹ壬Ʊػõ̫ʱȨõеĹְҵԽԽķġ
ֻǿĹ壬ͳ
֮ǰʵѾ֣ͨĹ壬ѾԽԽԼʵԵʱдѵĻԵڵȴȴΪԼɵá
ǿСҲ޷ӡ
ڿܻԣ껽һǰԼʵǱڹԼһԽԽ
Ҳǹλһλ壬ǿλ걾塣һжϣ޷
ֻÿһʵĽһˮĥһ۹塣
ķʽ޼£ֻò֮
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Ǻεȵ컯
ֱȵѨ־ƬҪˣ



288 Ӵ˰̫

Ѫٿգ
컯
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ϸ룬Ͻ죡
ѪеѪΣʼ𲽸Ĺ塣
ܹܵһɰģֹӿ롣
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ǹǣȴû˿⣬ɢĹ壬Ҳûȫɢź˿ܵĺɫѪҺճһ
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303 еĹ
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»صܵȵĵײ
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311 ֮٣£

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ʣµļȻ֪ʲôһ죬Ҳ᳹׻Ϊ
ַĵĽٴι۲Щ
ֻһϿַĽˣţëһҪȫϿʱֻΣ

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ĵһҪһϵЩȫնϣӶƬ嫵ĹУӱΪҵԴͷ
껲²š
ԼǱ޴ķĹţŽõĹͬһ㣬ػܣֹ껵ʧõĺУǿܻû޾Ϣ֮У߳ɴ
ĹĺڰѪҺһҺ壬򻺻ʴ޲ɼһַǳٶȣһ
ÿһ껶ܸоԼ괿һ֣ʵһֱ֣Уʧһ֡
ңһУַ̫ĿʼٵȡܵĹϢһ޷ķʽĺ͸
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ڷĿռУ̫һͨģ껵֮תƺΪԼȸԾƺڳΰַ̫Դͷ
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ֻѾͳʹȫΪһʱ־ų޾Ĺâ̫ʼУʱӵ̬ڸı䣬ģʱӾȻΪɫŨȶ
뵽ʹں󣬾޴ʹſ۾һɸӿֲƣԵkΪģɢ
Ǳ͵еļ¹֮ƺһԴȪһ˿˿ڹֵеĹֵ֮ȻС
ӳȣ嫣ŨҵʴԣƺֻҪ䵽Ҫһ㡣
ɶ˻鲻Խ
ܵĹ֮ʼΪ棬ȼ
ʹͷŵðŵֹͣûʱͣķ˵׼һξͻ÷ԲǧͿ̿
һжڵʯ֮䷢Ӧûü


319 ĵһ

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ȫɻ̫ݻķģַĵͬ
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ʹĹ֮ӵмǿ޸ãһΣŵkʮڹ֮ļӳֱ֣޷
Ҫģʹöģһ޸֮Ƽkǵ֮ϵشڣһֽطĻ֮С
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Ȼڲ˼ЩʱиҪҪǡ
ǰĹһ֮ѪˮĥҪȫĥ֪Ҫˡ
һεĻԵֻܿһΣԤУֻҪ뿪Ҳûл˵ˡ
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ǣ֮ѪѾ㣬ڹײʣЩάһˡ
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ɫѿԺвϵ˼š
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320 

֮ѪĶȱֵ⡣
뿪ǿ϶뿪ġ
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Ȼ֮Ѫֲɱ䲻ȫδȫ֮£ܻܿصĹǰ˵ĸޡ
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Ķűɫ˿ΧʱʱֵĽɫʱͣ磬ȻɫЩÿȴûж
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323 ӵﳤĹײ
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ֻ࣬һԴһһϵ죬ƵĳɫϢ䵽껵Ľűߡ

е껵ԤϣǰһΪǿأȴû뵽һŹķѡ
ⲻ֪еĲʬߵ壬Ǿס˳ǧ˵ķΧʹýƷҲ˷ֺ
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ͳö֮ѣźɫĹײģһʱ˼



327 

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һ֯Ӵֶ飬ʼµһַ
ʵľַǷµϢ
⴦صĹ磬ӵеǻ۹֣˵˭Ҫ档



328 

ʱǰ졣
֯ˣӴַӡ
ǹģʵޣʮǰй֮޲ǿ̶ȣ
˴ΣַĴ󲿶ӣɻéɽǰƽ̽ͳ졣
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ǻ۹ԳƵkΪ񣺳ɵkǧǰ졣

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329 ھͳ


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˹硣һĿɺˣڵھͳֱ£NO.178˵ڹ绽ǿͳĹ֡
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˵ӡǣһΪԼĿֲڣ


330 ˿־Ĺͳ

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331 Ļ
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أȵȣƺ
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ԣǲ²⣬Լૺܿͳйء
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ʮҲһ񡣡
һѾҵһȶģֱͨھŲͨ˼λھŲڵĹϹֻ֡ҪǴӦǣŪ߷ӡ˵ھͳ죬ǱӦһˡ
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332 ֮ϣ

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⼸Ҳûм̳ͨٻֻܻӦֻ΢һ˿ϢһϢǼչ飬Ͷȥһ׳ʵԽ޴֮š
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ҪСһ˿ȫۣνǾޱȣټƣһ˿Ϳúɫײĵõ
˿ŻķѾԽԽԡ
˵׼֮ͻ᳹׻ΪһڻŵĹײġ
ûһ˿̵־ѾԽԽôЩײ۾ʱİڳЦƺڼֺ껡
Щ۾ʱķߴﹾ˭ҲĴ̶û޴ͷװģĵ˵ͷƺСܵı֡

˸ͷһΡ
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333 ֮£

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ֹ⻷һʵԵĻ⻷
һ⻷Ϊģ˲˷ɢȥ
Կ֮ȼռ˺ѣػΪ찵ڣ翪ѡ
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һ޺һʹ˻ֻ껵Ѹٵĳճʮ׵ĸ߶ȣ˰ɫƬ⣬ףӺ󷽵ȵһֻֻ֤ļ̸ֶ
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ҲΪͶ־̫ˣٷְٵͶУʹ֮ǱһʱҲԳܡ
ܺãܺã
ļƻʵˡ
ͷƤֽ磬̸磬֮죬ˣ


334 ͻϮ1

磬Ҳǹڲ֮Ϊĵط
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˿̵Ĺ磬ôķչټϱĪתƵ硣ĳֱԴϵĲ䣬õ˳ĳ
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ģһյĻǿԶһƬ಻ĹƯ޾Ļ棬Щ类ľ飬ȼգΪһֻ޴ĻƣƺоŽȺ
һĻ澰Ļ롣
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ΰ׳ɽʼ֪Ӻζ̫ľ޴ʱֵʹڱҹʱȴֲ䣻ǽϷĺƽߡ
谵ʷѪĹߣѩıݺύˮŤֲ֮䡣
µХţеĳȣɨƬءʱ̺ʱתһĵδ
δһ˿ģڣ֪ıԵƺҪǱʶеĿ־廽ѡ
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ؼ˵ţܶٴΣЩľɫԾɲ𾪣ɴĿ־塣
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ͬʱҲףصУûй̶̬ģҲ˵ӵиָ̬
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ᵽЩŹ֣һ˿־壬ƺ˱֧Ŀ־塣
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100λ֮Ĵס֮ء

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һλų࣬ʮףͷϿűNO89ֱֻ۵˹ɭɭ˵
һϻŨҵĹʹֻվоһĪѹִ
λȻǰһٵĿֲ
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335 ͻϮ2

ΪǿӲɵĴƤķЩϹˣ˵ЩԿΥļһһֻɱһֻ
ɱˣҪ̻䱾ԴŽޡ
ϾУشλ볤ͬʱԼҵͳˣҲҪġ
ǡ
ɱˣ
ˣ
εķ˷ۣŮӵ壬Ťţ֮ϻ˸һƣ˸Ƿ
ͬʱ˰֡
ЩϹŪˣԺ˭Щأ
ֲǲ֪ͽ˹ǸˣϷأӬ©һֻûЩϹˣĴֱͨͨھŲ֮ͨ׷˹򣿡
ûԦߵ˺ܶӰ
ᵽͽ˹Լνϵĸ磬ҧгݵġ
ǼһԴȫսսս
սս
ͳŵ򣬿˵ǹĲΡ֮ԴΪģΪңɱƵϲĻ
Ҳӽĵط
ô˵ոձתƵһʱ䣬֮󲿷ֶţȾΣصĻҰ׽ûǵĹ֣ɿ˹
Ҫ֣ųҪ粢֮С
Ҫǵڶ볤ֹ˵һڰ춼ͱˡ
ʹ˽һҲֵĺܡ
У֪жġ
͸磬ͬҲ͸ᡣ
Ȼ˽࣬ڶͳҲͷƤֽˮʵǰ°ͳεļƻԭ
Ⱥضȣɲ򵥰
˿̣˹ʹ
ϸ֣ͷ̾˿
˵ҲǵʱŰɣڷ˶һ㣬ͿԿˡ
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ϣƺ̫ߡ
ʵ˿˹ԭ֮öЩıĹϹ֣Ϊ˼û
˼󲿷ֶڹעŹ򣬴˾˯֮ء
һʱֹš
ѾҪ˼ԦסЩʧصĵز
ҿ۵˹Щ֧š
Ļּ̳֮ҲϵٶȼֱǼα
ڵ˵ǰһʱ֮
ͻȻǿ״Լʮλͳ죬ˡ
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ֻһ״Żᵼʧذļ
ϾЩʹӣ˶Ͽӵʱ̫ˣȻҲڹֵʹӶԣ;Ծǹֵ֮ʴȾԼζ
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ͳ춼֪˾һٻ˵ͶӰ
Ȼжˣ˵޵Ծܹһ͸
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ҪбǿȾķա
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ֵЩֵıŹ֣ǸͷƤֽǶصĹ֣оγɵĲ
ʮλͳҲһ˲ֵľţ˵ΪĴڣɱ˺ܶĹ֣ͷƤֽĹû࣬ˣҲ֪㲻ǸϢ
ʵҲֹץЩûǻ۵Ĺ֣ǱΪֻǹڻգȴ֪ʵǸɡ
죬壬׼˵Щʲô
ͻȻ
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ã
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ۿɼһƬϡ
ŤϢӶ
۾˲ޱȡ
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һööʱӱǣɼĵδȻ֡
ʧˣ
εĶ
껵Ĺֵ֮ǿȾʴԣҲ޷ܡ
Ȼһ̣
һѪҺƿնͻϮԽ˿ռʱ䣬ֱӳ˿֮С
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⡭
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336 ͻϮ3

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޾ֽͭǮĴϣһλȻ̧ͷǸֳһ˿˿Цݡ
ڣ˰ȴȴ̫ã
Ĳ㣬һѪ֮УֻѪɫֽƮȻ
һֻͻȻͣգɺɫֽϣðѪҺѪҺһںУγһɫĹ塣
һĴӺɫĹּͷֻֽˣͳ˻Ƶ˵߰ɣϴӲԶˡ
Ĳ㣬㣬㣬߰˲㡭
ÿһ㣬һһλλֲĴڣлѣǽɱ
һ˾Ѿѣ
ʱǧ꣬ʮλʹӣٴξס

ڿеȻ޴ϯ֮ʱ
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ͨĹߣûüӦ㱻һССĻȼ˲մ
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⼸Ļ֮ʼȵǱߣԽԽ˵͸
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337 ͻϮ4

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мͷ֣Ӳô⣬ѪͷռӣûƤķ˵ʲôһƤķᵯ˵ָǼͷȻһ٣ǶսԦߣͬˡ
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ֻǣȻ˳Ծɲʹáղķ˹ֱӱϣ˵սԵ
ֻʣ½أ˻ڿƤķ籩ĹһʱҲмܡ
ŮֳˣûмսҲĬģϾ˸Ҫ
ҪǴˣһεжȫˡ

ôôǿ
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ƤķʵǼֱ޷š
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Ǹףǰһλ֮ıߵĲ𡣡
ǰߣΨһصʲô˼ء
Ƥķһͷ³ͷ۵NO.89ţֶ
ָָţ˼ȫ磬Ĺ֣ʮλͳ£ŵ89λ
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Ƥķ嶸ȻͿ۾ֱϸ֡
ɫ˿ߣͬһ飬еֱת
ɭȻĿˡ
ǺܿͿᵽˣ
޾ľУɣ
壬ţ



339 891
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ųƤķ˿̵ӣѾ˷츲صı仯
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˿ߣմ䣬֯һž޴Ƥķģ°鴥ǵ֩壬޴ǯһצӣץϡϰųİɫͷĹߡ
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ĸ߶ȣʮࡣ
֩ıϣƤķԭӣ˿˵۾Ѿգƺ˳˯֮С

֩ĴǻӶĹ˿ǵһϮȥ
͸գ
䣡
ǵһ㡣
ܶԦ߱˿ֱӴ͸壬㱡Ĺû˿á
Щ˿͸Ԧߣûзľżһ󣬶ǻͣʹ˻ţŹı仯֡
ֻЩԦ߱Ȼ޴֩ȣ壬ڵأ֩һ㣬ΪȫµĹ˫ۣԦɱȥ
һ˲䣬ʮλԦꡣ
ٶ̫ˣӦ
ǼӶѣ־ǿԦߣĹ֣Ҳ޷ָı䣡
ԦߵĶ飬˻ҵɱ֮У԰Ρٿ֣Ƥķ˵Źֺ󣬱ɫȻ仯һ־˷Ӵܶȥ
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ʱܣʱ
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Ǽֱͷʵòͷˣ
˿̣޲ĹͷƤ飬ԦһҲš
һӵԶԶˣսûС
мͷӴܵЩ޲Ĺ˿Уһʱ̣ŵĹ㱻ʳһա

ɣɣ
ƤķϵԽԽŨظоֻңаɭϢڲϼءֲǣ˹۲쵽ϢƺռҲʴˡ
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345 ڶ볤
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طʵѾΪ˽Ϊִģڴ˾ۼһ򱻹Ⱦ
Ϊڼ֮һĵص㣬鲻ɽ룬Ҳ޷档ֲǣµﵮ˲ָϡŹֵǶﻹֲ˹ı仯
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346 Լ

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СƽȴһԾڶ
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348 ʱ־Ա
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349 ǻ1

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ͨԦߣһӣ۾˶Ȼ͵̱ڵϣʹİš
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һЩһĳѣٴγ档
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˻ûзӦʱլԺһĨӵصȻֵľ޴ĺɫǻ壬С
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Ǻǻ
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350 ǻ2


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ضڴ㸲
޴ذ̺۵ĺɫѷ죬ӵص׸֣һڰլԺͬܵѪƬͷ­һеһеģ˽ȥ
ܶӴܣƺһڿӰǣ徹ȻƿأԭһΪǱĺݺݵ˵ϡ
һʱ
޺ŭڶ
լԺֵһӱüҡ

˲öסӣڿһĲڵϣڵʱ־ȫ綨룬ס塣
ͬʱץסˡ
ž޴ĺɫѷ׹ȥ
Ǻǻ
İôͻȻ֡

ӣӰ
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ѪڳˣʹӳȥҲ

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뿪Ҿ֪Ҿ֪򲻼򵥣漰Ǽ£漰ǻ
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һЩ˲ҽţ޾ľ׹У̼ͱ˽ȥӰ
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ԵһֱլԺΪģʼɢ
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ԶԶZ˳ͬ˵صԦߺͨ󲿶ǰС
ŷֻ֣Ǹղһط˺ǻ¼Zɢɢģ˴ССĺǻ
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351 죬

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ѵΪֻ۾
뵽⣬˼һѸ˻Ҫװ۾ƿӵ
Ȼһȴסˡ
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ŻƺΪһ壬ռ䣬ʱ䡣κ˿˶ҪͷεػƣĹԣҺһ㣬⻨
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352 ͳһ

ǰⶫ˼
ƴСƿӣ滹ʢһö۾
껶۾ʱСȻ䶯һ£۾ƺΪʲô껣ȫ±Ƶɫ
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壬룡

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353 ʴ

˿̣ʱѾˣ˿ɫԶѾܿ꣬ӿٶȣ֮ǰһ򵥵Ӫء
һҪ齨򵥵ķȦ
ҶõķƷҶӣһ𣬼ܰˮȫ档
ɽϣ갼ݴԶݵص㣬׼õһ׮ĲУΧһԲ
ԲһѻһС﹦Ŀ֦ҶȫմصЫӣȭͷС򼣬ι״棬ȿֺӳǻ̫󣬸ӲȥƬ֮һɹɵʱսζɢ
Ÿĸֶ
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ţҿܲҵһЩԵġ
Ըһ䣬Ҳ˷ԣֻݣźڰĴȥ
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һʱҲͿˡ

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354 һı˰

Ļ䣬鲻֪ΪΣ΢һ¡
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ЩƺΨһ羰֮⣬û˿Ķ

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·գ쵽ڰ֮Уͺͨ
ԼԼģܿѪɫ·ϣдȵӰкɫĽӣĵֽǮ͸ӵĴƺܿһλźͷѪɫӰһŲƵѪɫֽ֡
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һ۾УֻǺɫӰǶɺɫӡ
ۣ
ڵʱ־ҵ𶯣һȫסȫ¡
һѪڵϣҵĺţڴڵĴ
ģʲô⣬ôΣգ
ð죬ŻָΡΡվ廹Щ
ʱöĻ䣬ѾоΣˡ
룬ֳҶ׼öڳȻҶȴӻд
ô£
öȫͬõһ㣬޷
ͺ񲻴һ㡣
侲ţķӺ䶸Ȼɢڻϵ·Ҳʧˡ
Ƭ꣬ߣʶȥӣȴû뵽һξȻӴˡ
æƬ꿴ȥѾ֪١
ϵһֻƬ꣬һƬϸȥȻԼּ
ƬҲˡ
ЩּԶż׹ģֺШ֣˵ʲôǲ֪ΪΣǵһ˲䣬龹ȻЩֵĺ塣

ɳ
Ȫ
ɳ
Ȫ֮
˰֮
ոտЩ壬ȴѾɢ֮С
뵽ոƬռеĴƬƬĺ컨иոϵĹ·
˲뵽һЩ˵
ϹлȪ֮ڱ˰֮С
Ѫʢ
İŵĻȪ·ϣΨһķ羰ɫʣÿȥˣ̤⻨ָͨڤ
Ļ˵̺ħԼǰ
ɳ飬ҶɳǹͬػŻȪ֮ȴü档
ղ컨Ĺռ䣬ǹиոհ׻Ĺ֮·
ѵǾǵȪ֮ɳ֣ĵ·ͨѪ֮·
ֻǣ򵥵ĳԣôŹֵ飬ѵҵ̫ˣ
һжɺϣ
ĥţƬ˻УЩ
ţһжɺϣ϶εԭ
᲻ᣬʱ־йأ
ܸоղŵĹ첻ǳԼģǳԼڵʱ־
һ㣬ɻġ
ʱ־ʲô
ĿڴʱӺ¼ʱ־֯ȴԾɶⲻ˽⡣
֯λ֪ʲôλ죬ҲΪɵ
ܲӴӴ
һΣڤĿռ䣬Ŀڲλʱӵһγ˱仯Ȼһĺ컨Ҳ֪ᷢʲô
΢һ壬ûʲôķӦ鰴еɻ
ʱ벻ͨͱ룬Ҳûá



355 һ1

һߣ֮ߡ
֮壬ǻе̲࣬ס
ϵֹ⻷ҲƲסһӣΪģȻš
鼤֮£ʧصı֡
͸ߣĸࡣ
ôܣôҲб˰
ɳϲ硭⵽סô£
ҪǣɳԼʶСֻȫͬûԣûֳֻʣŨԼ޾Ťа
ʱ־һ仨еζʱ򣬾Ѿ̺ݸ
а̶ȣΪֵеľѡ
ԤУǹֵĻȪ·ǻȪ·ϵɳҲǱ˰лȪ·ϵĺɫӰǳġ
Ǳ껵Ϣ
⵹ùĺӣ˵ȫǱǣˡ
ЩѰԼ𣿡
˼ҵҪǵʲôˣ
֮šˣˡ

˿
һֻ֮üѰ
ûǣгҪĿġ
ӺżֻҰһֻӣӪط˻ȥ
ݺغ󣬳˿
ĽҰģΨһ飬ĬԵĶ磬ڵʱ־ʽԱ־η
иһ˷ܡ
һ죬ҲΪǿԦߣ
ΪֱϵӵܣһǲǸѧֻҪ΢ģһܿȫǼ飬Դϻøʱ־Ϣ
ûǾԲѡǰصģǼʶһʵ˿ʼЩԥģʱӼᶨˡ
һҪǰأ
طһкҪĶʱ־֯ҪģһжУ˴󹦣ǾͻᱻʽԱݣøǿ
Ȼ٣ҲΪˣǿĸʢڱΣ
Ͻʰһ£Ϣ
绹Ҫ·
ϣҪʲô°ɡ
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һ죬ûκĳУӭ˸ʽӰеԦߣеͨоԱ
һЩĻɬӰЩȻǹǡ
˿
һѪɫӰӴӵصѪȪӿ֣۳һѪҺ塣
ӰԱߣһɫʱ۳ʹൽ˼µıͼ
ʹ֮ѪŮ
Ƕ׷ٵͿ𣿡
ԣϢʧҸокǻϢСĵ㣬ܿѾˡ
ԤУܸܵϢλ߼ĴڣǵĶԹԹɲܹҵġ
ǻһҪԶ롣ֻҪɴ볤Ϳˡ
ʹ֮ͳ˻ƣԿ֮еǵѪɫ˿Ծû޳ƺ޷Ѻǻľ
ôǻɲǺôġʵڲоͷع磬ô볤֣ȥ߹Ҫ군ˡ
ѪŮüͷŻеǵ޵Ѫɫ˿ߣɵޱȡ
ûϵֻǺǻһ˿ѣһŵס
ʹ֮ĬƬֱ̣Ӿܾˡ
ϲ絽ʲôʱչ𣿡
ѪŮʵ
֮ҹʱ̣
μǳ¼Ĵ󲿷˶ѾˡԻΪ׵ԦߣԦǼϼһΪ׵Ԧߣǿ
ʱޱȰ
ʹ֮ٺһЦֻҵĳʹĥʱο塣
أһؼƷ
Ѫ֮ưܵĳн룬ٴʵ
ʹ֮ԣѼ鱨ʮǿһжʱһ˵Ѫ֮Ϊ֣ʹ֮Ϊ
鱨Ǹ֮һ
ڽռƻһǼٴθս١˵ѾŵһŵһǰһٵıŹֵλá
֪ĸùᱻ档
ʹ֮Щֻ
˵ʵǰһλıŹ֣ԼԵĺ⣬󲿷ֶܵжԣ࿴˳ۡ
ҲпֱӴǰʮıţɲҪˣǰʮֻǼѣ
ѪŮЦš
ܣǼһεºܣƾʲôͬҪ֪ǿǡ
죡
Ҳۣ𣿡
ѪŮͻȻʹ֮Ļ߻ɫ۵飬㶣ʹŤ
l

һ죬һ죬һѡ
ʹ֮İţӰ˲ɢӰ
ߣ



356 һ2

֮
ưܵأģ޴ĵص׹
˿̣ڰ֮УѾ޾аϢˣԦߣаߣߣʱ־Աص֯ԱΧ£ڹΧĬ
ʱ

нŲ˻ͷһԦߣߵ˹֮
ŹͭɫģԼʮףԼףϲĿ鱦ʯص·С
һƬհףƺӦһ֣ʲô
˿̴ŽգµĳԲɣưܡ
ǽ
û뵽İ˴ӹ˳
ǰһ˿˰ɣ϶Ϊһĺݣһص㶢
Ǽ£˵ҲֻΧĲߣʹҲմȾǼµĲϢ˶֮áƣȫԦԦĹ֣
ȫԦˣȫԦǵоӦΪ֡˵ʵ˵࣬ʵһ͹֮Щʶǻ۵ĹָơǲһȺ
ֻմȾһЩϢĽʼɡ
˵ԦߣǼ򵥵ļһڵǼ£Ҳ֪һЩġ
Դˣ۷׷ס
һߣŽһ˵ĵһ£һ£ںڰԨֵˣҲԦ˳ˡ
һԦ˵ͳ졣
Գƺڰ޳
޳Ƚó޳Ƚó
ҲǼ£ǸԦ˻ûндλ֮ܽԦˣҲǼл˲ĺô
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޳޳
û뵽ϼһҲˡôһε¼ԾҪμӣǲ£𣿡
ߵĵɫһ䣬üͷɭ˵Աߣأ̰ƣղķ˹һ֣һ䱸Ŀźڰ޳
Ϊĸ߲㣬ǽӴظࡣû˭Ǹ˽ǰˡӵкεȵĵλˡ
ڰ޳һԾһιϲʤߡϣҲû˭ȻһΣգֲ
ϵĺܶ⣬ж˵ӰУνֻ죬ʵ
ߣ㽭ˡʲôԵģ
˵ڹһͷӣ棿Ұ˶ˣ˵βŮ槼ˣ˼ȻûǼСǱͷ֡
˵װýһٶ꣬Ҫ槼ѣǻûзȻǽǽ
ҼǵýӦĸɣôˣѪΪļƷ
ʻʻֻ˵¼һϢ컯ҪѪףѪת˲ˣ״̬ŨŨʬζҸԶŵ
޳΢΢ۣһ˿Цݣ
Ȼ¶ݣȴڳˣ۾˲

ֵ
ѪתΪǰ״̬
õһƲȫ컯
ѵǵǼ̺壿
ʵǳ
ƿĹ֣
أΪˣ
ߣ
ҲãҲաˣһжν
ʲôʸ˵أعƿߣ
ǼҪߣдԦߣңǲ֪ôԵ޹ʵģ
ҿǵãع
ڰ޳Ǻֻ֣ڵǣʸ룬عѾڵĹɴ˰ɣ
ʮһλǼµĹ֡ŹʱǰСĸڽ͢УŶǶѪ
֣һ鴤һߵİƣͷߡ
ôģѪ̫ԻˣҲȷ˺ܾãŸ˿ȷͷǾ仰ĸ
ΪǴɫƵļҲѪҺйأȻ͢ȡһѪôԻԵ֣Ҳǹɧġ
عӦþˡʵӦ˵عӦý޳ػӦý޳ߡ
ڰ޳īǲǷ̫ˣӶˣʲôҪعϰҶڻɣǲѾͷϸأ
ǰҪ˫˰Ϸ𣿡
źڰ޳ˣǶ֮ǰıϣ˿⣬ڰ޳



357 1

ͬһˣ
ڰ޳īǺ޳īҲǰ޳īǺڰ޳
ΧԦߣһΪ˳ԹȺڣ䣬ĸк档
˵֪Уڰ޳ΪԦպһֱˣǵ˽ŶǽĿУȻһˣͺ˼ˡ
ѵҲǽһѪѪ
ŽĻڰ޳һޱ飬һ΢΢ۡ
˵ʲô
һɺԣ
޳ֱӷϵ
ǺǣҲ޷ʮǰ㵱ΪʲôҪѾ˼ͷŹֻΪһ¼
Ȼ֪ǽӦ֪Ҳǳ¼ҪߡȻǿеʻҲմȾǴ¼Ҫ컯ͿԳ䵱һͷع֣ΪһβƱ
Ǿû뵽ΪʲôҪѾ˼ȡͷŹ𣿡
ҪòŰ
ģͳ˻ơ
㡭
޳Ȼһƺ⡣
㣬Ϊ̽ǣ
ģļư
޳ɫһҧгݵ˵
ûҪȻôȷϵɱд˭أǷʤΪ˶ǵ׷ɱѪԼĸ磬ԼΪ˲˹ӣҶ潭ͷһٶ֮á֪жޣ
ʵҺͻˡǻһīֻǿûκ֤ݣټԭ޳Ҳ̫ԻԣûԲŰƭ˽ʱ䡣
ȥǣ󲿷ֶǱعġҿʼҲΪǵعӳǵΧˣǺعһֱûг֣Ҳ˺ܴɻ󡣡
ֱʮǰҲ޷ֲֽͣ̽ϰȻعСڣѾڵ޳ȫƿ˰ɣ
ڵ㣬Ҳڲˡһٶαװܰ
Цţޱȡ
ģֻΪ̽ǣôֲĴڣ̵ŹʱڰԨһƷˣĲ᲻֪ڰԨʲôɣ
Ǵ¼󣬺ǻ㱩Ѫ˶ٴڣ
޳ѣŭź˳
Ű޳ĻɫһĴЦȻֹ

Ҳ֪ôֲĴڰҪȻ˲Żȥ̽ԼСϡ
ֲɵ
ߣһε¼չ˵ʵҲ֪ܲٴλ߳¼ϺҪǻ߳ǵһ²ɡ
ҪΪع޵еġڿɲ㡣
һ˻⡣
ң
޳۾ɫһ
ȵȣ˼ӦҲ滻Ĺֻ֣ϼԦĹ
ǵʮһͷ֮һֻ
޳ͻȻʵ
Ȼһ޷Ӧ˿ᡣ
ʮһͷ֣ڽ͢ϣϣعϣŹѾʧеʱҲҴˡ
޳ͻȻ֣ԼĶ澾һԦߣԿͷϣһѵʱ롣
һʱλԦϡ
ʮһͷһ12λѾͷɣã붴Σʮױ˺ϣҲ²滻ĵԼͷ
ɲܣҪʮһͷѡһλɡֱӲɹιĻӦھβŮ槼ϡ붴ҲԣͷӦû⴦һֱδ뿪ֻʣ˴õٹʮױĻ˺ϵԼԼ
Ҿ˵أ֪ǽҾЩɻֻѪѪԼȴܻٶ꣬ԾҶһΪعӳԼ㲻ǼԦٹ
ȡתһԦĹ֣ԾҶʼɰ
һֱΪҲǵǼµӮңû뵽ʵӦ㡣
ڰ޳īŽһķš
߲ÿɷûκֻǶŹյĴţһĳĬ
īҲûȤǼУĹѾͷȻһͷȥȴҲ޷
ĽƹϾˡ
ǿΪ׼˽ʱ䣬ȥŹҲҵĽƹ֡
˿ֻ̣Ҫȴʱʱ̵ͳˡ
ɫԽԽ
Ѿҹĺڰ׶Ρ
ҹеأĿʼ˸ָĿֲ
޾аϢӴ֮в

ƺŭ𣬽ĿХ겻֪ʱ˲еҲڵ¶ѪɫĹԡ
ʱ
ʣӡ
Ԧ


һ
ʱ䵽
ȷʱ䣬ȷĵص㣬ԼȷĹ֣
һ̣
޾ĺⲻ֪Ӷǵصӿ
޴ͭɫϣںУ˹ı仯
ǡ



358 2

ǵصĺ⣬̼Ϯ
޴Ľϣȷ˹ı仯ĻתĹ󸡶ѪҺһĴͭ
Ƭ̣ͰѾ޴ͭŻΪһɫŻ
Żλãһϲֻ֣ϲ֣ǵŵģ͸¶Ѫһɫ󣬿ʮֲꡣ
֪ʱŵ࣬ѪɫĵоȼŰĹʮ֯}ˡ
ΧϢһӱޱѹ֡
ʲôֲһ㡣
˭Ҵʹĭһʱ䶼оɣ󱳵ĺë亹ֹסð
ⳡЩ̫Ծ
˵ʵڵģԦߵݣҲǵһμ
ա
Ȼ䣬йĽŲžĴУԵø̶
ȻȥȴûзκζȴеһɼϢ
ɭĹ֪Ӻδӿ
ǹ֣
ʱտʼμϲĵһͷ־͵ˡ
ͷ
˻ûüӦ㿴ɫĴţ֨ѽһˡһӰ˿Уһ룬һȣȴ䣬Ź֮Ļڵ϶Ȼ𣬻ΪѪɫ⣬һɫĵ·һ·ӣһͷɫĴţһͷ˹ʱķλ
ƬƬĻ۵ĺɫ䣬Ӳô䣬˺ɫĻ֮·ϡ
ɫĻ棬յն컯ΪҽΧ¶ȣʼͨԦ޷͵ĵز
̼ԦߣǱ˳ȥ
Ǻεȵ

ʮױ
û뵽һľȻ
˵һ䡣
һݣһ
ʮױĻֻ֮䣬Դ˵ͷǸжǿ
ȻûǼϸ롣һͷǳˡ
ε˺ϵģ
ʮװĻ֮·ϣԲεĺɫԲߣңͻأڵϳ֡
ֵģйðŵĶĺɫŨ֭
һ߸ãȴĹŹʬ壬һȫվһ䶯ţ߽Ż

ŨϢʢŤϢ˭ܸоõԽϵģֻǾõٹˣ
ȥȴִ˿̵ĽϾԼ֪ʱѾһɫϲľ޴£°ȫ棬ֻ¶˶̴ֵĸ첲ԴԵʮֻ
Ȼٹɣ
ֻһھͷ֣Ҫȥ
ǣڵٹܵٻѾƲסˣ
֪ΪΣ˸Ǻߡ
뵽ڿڰ޳Ǳߣȴֺڰ޳ʧˡӦʧˣǶȫ壬Ϊ˰ڰ׵̬
ô˵أ˱Ƶġ
ɫĶͷϣ֣ڰɫһŵ֡
Ȼع
īԦȴͷûֻͷֵӻأͬͷһ㡣
ΪΪɫĻɫĻǵعû뵽෴
عīԱߣλͷʱӡǵԦߣѾû˹ȫһʱȡϣʼʱӵıǡ
ָգ
ʱһϸˡ
īúݵģΪ˴ʱǰֱӾͷԦϸա
Ԧˣ
յʱûܣһ̤ʮױĻ֮·ϣһ߶ȴһӰ˳
Ӱһʬ壬ɫ԰ףʬһ㡣ǿָ൱Ĵִ߶֮䣬ƺûʲô
û쳣Ĵ̶Ҫ˺ѡ
ͷԭõŹ
ͻȻüͷ۾һŹʶ
ȻǵһμǴŹ¼λоԱǿ
̰ļһһ˺ڰԨȻҴºȴӰû뵽Ȼڰ޳īµŹ
һʲôĵط
ΪοԳ䵱µŹ
໥һۣЩ⡣
ʱŹ֮䱻һţʱŻŹҲקţ˽ȥ
һߣĸƣҲ仯̬
һֵӡ
ڣʱŹعٹټϵι槼ϣӦñ׽סˡ
붴⴦
иոյ
ʮͷѾ¶ʮͷͷ
ͷ
ԼصԼ
дԣԼʽҪһ裬൱֮ģؼԿס
ⶫֻеͷԼʹã֮⣬ֶܴ档
ȵȣ˵ΪʮһͷѡɣԼǵʮһͷУûɰԼ֮⣬ǵʮһ֣ʲô
ԦͻȻ˵ƺո⡣
ԦߣüͷҲЩ⡣
ǰһͷ֣ʲô



359 Դ

һ֣˭
û˵ģܴܿɵĹ֣˭
һιϲ罵ٺǷѡɣ
ѡˣѡɣǲǾͷδ֪Ĺ֣
ӵδ֪Եɣ
Ȼû˸𰸡
عīٹƣ˶ӵһۣʱӰҪС
ʮȥˡ
ֻܿɣӹԼ
Ȼ׼ŵʱ
֪ӺΣĻɫǸOO@@Ĺ˶߷ĵૡ
һڴ˵صĹ
ǹļһˣ
ڳԦٴСֹ̺ŵૣǹɫô꽻ǣǳϤ
ְ
һŤĺӰ֣ʹ֮NO.9
֣ڳÿ˶оʹ֣궼ŤޱߵĿຣ֮С
ôȱϯء
ʺѪҺתȪһ㣬һˣСӣŮӣӵǧ׵ѪɫӰ֡
NO.4Ѫ֮ǳ
˵ѪҺƺٿһ㣬ǱĹѹҪʼ
ǰʮĹ֣һڳĿ־֮С
ǵ壬Ϊ֮һ㶣ͣʮױΪĻ֮С
Ҳû˭Ǹͷֵǿˡ
ʮλϼͳ죡
ͨĹֲͬն
λ˿ǰļһﶼˣǹʮͳ졭
ѵҲˣ
Ҳ¸Ȥ
Ȼݲϸ룬һ룡
Ȼ
¡һ
Һɫ
һ䣬ȴ̺żа˲ɢɢǵصѹ
ԭһе֮أ
磬ֹȵġ
죬ע֮ʣ
⣬˵ˣȻǡ
ȫһ
ʵĹͳߣ
˾
䣡
Ż
ͬһ㣬һ쳹𶯺
еɽһΧɢȥ
ʮ
ʮ幫
ʮ
ʮ幫
һֲ˼ٶȣʱתͬӿɢ
˲Ϣ
һ̬˲Ȼɫ䡣
ӴĹһӰظ˽ȥ
ǵ¹
Բʮ򣬺һӶ뿪˻״̬
Ҫʲô
ҪȫΪ𣿡
ǿ⵽ʲôĹֵ˭
ٴУ𶯣٣ǳ
ûжӿ纣ХһȴȻͣͣǰ
һ



һĳĬ
Ƭ̺
һ
ҲҲɢͬһ㡣
ô£
Ȼʵ
ǳͳ˻ƣɼ֮ǰǳ˶ѹ
ͷ϶ĺ飬ʻ֮ˣڳÿ˶ˡ
Ȼ˸շһ̣˱仯
䣡
һ춯صı죡
Ҫ˺Ժ
ʮģӰУ֡
ǾȻʮ޴ӣ
о޴֡
ʮӰӰھ޴ϣѹһ㣬һС

ͳǾȻѹһֱŲ˹
˼飡
ǿԷӵǿˡ

˼æȥŷ֣֪ʱܾȻĹ֡
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ȫһ̶ĿĿǰ۲⵽Ļ档
һ
ڳˣ߹Ĵ۾ӣ˶̧ͷǸоһĪѹһ㣬ڻϮ
ֻ޾ңԶʼ䣬һϸСӰȻˡ
ѸٵĽӽԽԽԽԽ
յ˶ʲôʱѾ͵Ըӵĵز
ռ˷ԲٹѹѹһƬѹ
ǾȻһƬ޴Ĺ
ǡ
ôܣ
ⶫôܻƶ
˶һ
ǹ磡
Ȼѹֱץȡˣ
еĹǣҲĿɿڴĿԶԶľ޴ӰҲûбǸϤӰĹˡ
ǺȻԶŷ޵Ĺ磡
ȻֱӱŲȡ
˼飡
췽ҹ̷



364 2

ն
Ųƶ
Яźޱߣ纣ХһӿȵƣȻ٣
翴һž޴Ũ˼µĴƬ֡
ռصļ硣
Ҳǹûбųԭ
ڲݻſռ䣬ԭĹ硣
Ҫųȥûôף
Цš
Ȼ˽ٶĹ֮Уͬһʱ䣬ʮλͳŲƶĵһʮ޴Ҳһͬײ˹֮С
¡
ɭڰǷԲٹĿֲ껵סһӭˣһױȵİɫ⣬ɭĹ֮У
޴֮ţݰٹ֮УΪػʯѸٵƣ
ۿɼģһ类ȡĹڱų⿪
֮ڼγԼ
һγɣƬ磬Ҳ޷γɼѹų⣬ͬǶǽеĶӣ᲻ɴݡ
ʱҲھ±ų⡣
粻ϵ֮Ž缫磬򣬲ϵעУͬһ㣬綼ˣ֮ٶȣȴԴû˿취
ֻܲϵţӿ޾Ĺ֣Կܵ׹䣬Ѫȷ磬ĩһ㡣
ڼų껣
Ҫףųȥ
ǣһʱǲġ˹ļ룬֮ȹ̣껵ļӳֺ𽥱
ԽԽԶˡ
Ȼ껻⣡
ҪһݵĽ⣡
ҪǸǿпߣĿŵҡڵĽ
Сһ͵ߣ
ԡ
䣡
һ졣
յĹ˱仯
ϵŨΣϵ䶯һڴϵĹ
أ׷øֶΣʵʱ棬ͼƬݶ
ҵ죡
ʲô
ĩҪ𣿡
찡ôӣ
ѧѧ
оţ󱳷
أй۲ߣ̲סеĿ־壬
ͼϿȥ޴ĹһۣΪһŹӣ֮ݣһһ
ŹĶͷУһö޴ɫʱӡ
˿̣δδʱ֮쳹
أ˶Ȼֻ֣Ҫʱ˾ҵ
ʱӵת
ֱϵ
ʱػصİڶ
ԿһЩϵʱУɳ©еĿ̶Ӱڵתɳ©ɳڰԭ·ء
⡭
ʱȨ
ȡʱȨ
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ǻûгȥĺǻ
ͬʱһöǶںǻеģһ͸壡
壬ͬ־Ļ磬޾аѪС
ȴͬһ档

ôܣ
ǲƵĸԴ
ʱڹĸԴԴڵk
ģôܻᱻҵȻĴֶ˵еĸԴѾɢڡ
ǻƭǣ
ģֹõǲƵĸԴ
ǡ
־һȫ˹ڵķλӵ
ͬʱ
ž޴Ĺצץźǻӣ˺ĺ
Ԧߣ׷ʹԵ˵ϡ
ڵĹ֣һ̣ƺʧȥһ㣬еڱѸٵĳ롣
뵹򣬲ϵĴԦߣĹΪ˹㣬еĺǻ۶ȥ
צջأ
ɫĺں飡
䣡
껵ĶŵĹҲڼٵƺڶԿѹ
ıȫŹк
ƱҪغǻǶ۾ĲƸԴ
ƺҲֲסҵ̮һ˲ŨһСС塣
ڿڲ
һ£Ѫɫ޾Ļ棬ͷŭ۽ѪӣվŨģһֻŰĺǻһֳֻ°ͣɭȻ΢Цɫֹ⻷ߣ׵ʱӰո֡
Ưճӣϱ磬ԼѾήĻ䣬ɭɭİ׹ǣ޾Ĳк
ֲ˼󣬰
ԭ㣬һ棡
֮
˼
Ȼ˲˼Ķ
Ҳ޷ֹˣ磡
һΣҡ
ֻӻľеѾСĺǻͨеһĲƸԴȻ͵İŴһڰѺǻ˸С
Ӯˣ



365 

һΣӮˣ
³֣ȴͬǧ֮أ
䣡
һ̣Ĺޱȵĳһͬ˵صй־ȫ
嫵ѹڴˡ
ɱ
زƵĸԴ
һζȲӳ֣һΨһᣡ
ڶ־׷׶
ЯӿȵԿΧ𽥳ֹ
޾ѪȻʶ
жصӰҡҡ
о޴ֲȻӵصװεض
գأеķλпֲľ֡
Ȼоĵ껣ȴһ
ص
ôĴ̫ˣҲɲ
Ȼȴû˿ᡣ
һЩ߹ˣ
һɹ
ºǻ껱ۣĬƬ̣ƺڸʲôǸֳǳǳЦݡ
һᣬŻ۾
ΧЩ־ȴûһǰ
һļһ
˵ףЩһǻȲ
ܣ̧ͷ˿գĿѾҪɢĹϲߡ
ɺĿ⿴һ
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һöк￴˿껣ɺĿУӳ껵ˡ
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Ҳûκθ¶
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Ӻ
촽΢ţûʲô֡
ȴ˵ʲô
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ʱ֮
һ
йϲľȫܿʧ
ʮöٴ½֣˲
ֱײУ
һ̡
ɣʱŹعӹԼٹ
ʮλʮһ
̫ʱȨһ̣ǰδе
ͬʱԴȡЩСӣҲӳռ˳
̫ʱȨ󣬰йӦʱ
ͬһʱַ̣Ĵâֱӱ
ﵽ˰ٷְٵĳ̶ȣ
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ô
ɱµ֮ǰһʢɣ
һӣ֮ǰõʯƬѨиոջõĲƸԴŨɵ壬߻ۣ
һ
壬ƸԴʯͷƬѨ߻ΪĵͨĹâΧ껣ֲĹȻէ֣
ǸԴȨУ



ƺƵĲݿ
ռ
㣡
һаƣ֮Ϊԭ㣬ɢ

ڰ
ڿ־壡

ʹıԴ̱ڵϣĵֿŤС
ڤڤиоԼƺҪ˺ˡ
ŤϢϵǵ
䣡
䣡
䣡
綼˺ڰ֮УҪ뵽޾Ԩ
ʴ
Ⱦ
ڴ˽ȫʵȫһһֱƵȾԣȫͷ˳
磬ҲֹĹֵ֮ʴ
Īķ򣬼ٽš
һȣ
顫
ѣ
ʯƬѣ
νĲƸԴѣ
Ѩѣ
ĵĻۣĴ
䣡

ǧͬһ飬ʱյת嫺
磬һ˲ڰ
ǡ
ǿʹ࿴ٴοһһľ޴
ȻȻ֮С
ܣһĺɭɭ׹ǵı˰ݻ䣬ڰӡ
˿̣Ѿӽ峿޴Ĺٴγ֣峿еһ⣬ȫڵ
أ۲ߣܿ޾У޴Ĺ粻½أĽӽ硣
ڰ

̺޷־塣
ֻǿһۣҪëֱĵе¡
Ԩ
Ǿ
޾չޣ
ľͷ
Ĺ֮أ
һһһɲǣһ㣬һеɷ޵չ鴦
ǳʼĩ
찡
⵽ʲô
޿ƥУ
Ͻ뿪
Ĺ־ʼе¡
Ȼ
˼飡
޷

ϣôᵮ˿ֲĹ
⻹ô
Ǿ޴Ĺ
ǵʲôһ磿
ϣĲдĹ֣һ̧̾ͷƺӦʲô
ǵĹޣ



366 ʬ


ϲ籩Ĺ󣬽ǻҵĲƸԴںʯƬѨ
һΣԼ֮ǰһѴģ
ҪͳһеַĽ̫֮ʱȨΪʱ̣ýõһٰԼƵӲĪĽ֮ϣ
ʱ֮ͣǰ֮ʣɾ͡
Ĺֵ֮
һ
ʼһʱ
Ҳ
Ϊ
ںǻ־У˲õĶ
ҳɣ
ѾɪɪЩ־껵һ뵽˹֮С
ӽ߿գӲۿ
֮ϣѾ껳֮ȫ֮С
ԭַȫˡ
ۺϽž޴ѺۣĳҽϴѷӿɭڰĹ
˿
껵Ļ£
ֻӽľ޴ϣȻѿ޴ķ϶
֮һֱյĹ۾Ȼˣ
ɺɫĹâӹֱֱڤ֮С
ȫ۾Ҳţһӣӣ׹·ţ˰Źܵþһ˲䶼Ϊһ⣬˾޴ĹС
⻹û꣡
Χ־Ҳûӹɡ
һ̣ܵĿռƺסˡδδʱֻиֳ޾ʱӡ
Щ־ҽаţûһ˿ֿ֮С
Щڶʳ¶Ǻ
໣
޴ĹһУ̲סŭ
һ̣һֻ޴צӣһ˲ײһ㣬ݺݵĲ˵ص֮С
¡¡

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޾Źצصĵط籡󱻹С
צҪʲô
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дԦѾֻдèСèֻڷӴܡ
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޴Ĺצ£ϵ룬Ī˵ص׺֮С
ͬĺںһ㡣
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¡¡
ص߸
ɽȵҽŹỤ̃ջȥ
ñͰգ˸εİ֮С
գһ߰ʮ׳һһľ޴Ĺʬ壬צץ˳
ʬһ֣ͽܷƱ仯Īѹһ֮ʣɢȫ
գ޾Ԩ
ɭ֣ɳĮѩɽ
һеģһѹǡ
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ڿ
㻯Ѫɫı
ʬ壬еԦߣͺ񿴵˹ֵԴͷȸոտǲƸԴҪ𶯡
ʬϣԼĹȥδйγСʱ
ǧѭҵһл档
ͬҵĸԴ
һ棡

ģʲô
صصףΪʲô
Ԧߵͨ࣬׷װţֻһʬ壬Ǿ͸оԼ궼ҪǣҵĸҪ߸
񣬷֮⣡
ѵ飿
껶̲סľͨǻ˽⵽һʬ壬û뵽Ȼһʬ壡
ǲֱӵģǰֻһʬ壬Ҳˡ
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껱ҪУ
ҪҪʬ
Ƶʬ壡
ʧĺʱߣ
ڰ֮
ĹԴͷ
յܣ˼飬˼飡
յܣ
Ҫģ
Ưھ޴Ĺ֮һԿѹƣһץƵʬ壬ͬʱЦš
ϲ̫ͻȻ
ѰҵкȻǰ
˿еļԸӣ
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Ц֮ʣһԾ޴ɻɵѪɫ󻺻ſա
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޾Ļȼգڷڣ
Ľ˿̵ֱʬ壡
ӵַ̫ĵĵ֮޾ϣ
ʬ壬ˣ
¡¡
צϣץסˣקž޴Ĳʬ壬ȫ۲ߵľޱȵע£һģž޴Ĺ֮ȥ
޴ȣ粢󣬵ʬȴرǧ档
գһʱ̣צȫջ˹֮УǾʬ塣ڼûκ˸
еĴڣжԶԶ
䣡
Ϊ֮𶯣
ʧȥҪĶһ㡣
ȫչ¹ǹⶼ
껵ҲȻʧ޴ĹڲһеʱڣʧӰ١
һУƽˣ
µʱչ



367 Դһ

껽к󣬳ĳ˿
ƣ
ʹ֮Ĳ壬Ҳе֧š
ûʲôս籾ܶԿӽȡ˳źںץ˺ǻͲƸԴٵӵص׺Ĵʬ壬һеһУҪĶȫȥС
΢㱣ܾͻɲĺ
𣬲ڻ¡
ڷȫأһѾɹ
Ѿ״̬֮У˵嶨顣
κβ

ȥܶǻɵһƬ
һСԭ磬뿪ĵط¿ٵĻ
ż֮
ĴΪۣ˵һƬڰ
Ԩ
δ֮ʡ
Ĳ꣬ѹɢ
ܵγһ
ԿܵУֵ̺ͼɫ
κ
˰
׹·

иࡣ
ȼĻ֮ɽ
ˮ嫺֮ء
Ŀ֮ۡ
һеһУڳδ֪ɲķչš
ĴǾʬ壬ͣڴˣһ࣬ϵĹĶš
ʬ壬ƺûʧȥԣǻԾ΢΢šǹΣǳĹأҲǧʷˡ
ģ껾ȻоԼĹĶƵʽһ¡
һ˿˿ص֪Ӻδӿ֮Уʼٵĸ塣
ͬʱһ磬Ϊ˿ߣӻи֣һʬ֮Уƺڳȡʲô
ףڳȡʬеĲȱԴ
ûǲȱԴ
ʬϣŽ֮һĲȱԴ
껻źǻµ֪ʶһʱĬĬ
ͻ֪ʶ
νĸԴӳǾ仰ǸԴҪмһȨС
Դôãʲô޴ӵֻ֪֪ھԶĹȥĳָԴΪδ֪أԴӰźתơ
ǰʬʧĺߣĻתƵеĸԴճΪ˽
˵顣
֪ǷǵãһμǻʱںڰԨ껵Щ
ڼȾеİȴ󱬷ܾˣ׹䣬һ֯γ˺ڰԨҲʧ䣬γ˱ˮʱ
棬ʵľǣǰʬĽʧܣ練䡣
ԣǻֻһ֯־
֮񣬾Ϊᱻʱ޿̵ʴš
ӰжȡĸԴһΪ
еĶ֮һԾɲʬСʬ壬һ׹
Ķ֮һٴһΪ
һֲ˺ǻ۾һ׹Уˮںϣγ˱ˮҲ󱻴۾ץöȱԴ
һ֣ɢ֮䣬γ޾Ĺ֡
֮Աˮѹ֣ΪͬΪԴ
޾ĹɲƵĸԴݻġǵԼǸعֿռ䣬νļⲿĿռ䡭
͵Ťͷ뵽ʲô־̽ʬУһʱ֮󣬲ſء
ȻǴռʬУ
Ӧ˵ʬ壬ֻǴռӵ㡣ʣڵĶ֮һĸԴȻγ˹ֵĪռ䣡
еɸԴĹ֣ԷɵĽǸ磡ΪԴľۺԣ
ԽԽһһ˲ͨ˺ܶࡣ
ĪԵĹֿռ䣬ɸԴγɡɸԴγɣǻҪĸԴͱչڵĸԴ֮ۺй֮ȥıеһֲƸԴҲǱˮԴ
նȡʬȡ֮һ
ںϳĸԴʬٴθգ߹Ϸ룡
һ
һٵ죡
֮ǰ껿ǻΪѪй֣еԭ
ܿϧ㣬ֻǵԭʬ۾еһ־ˡ
Ȼ߹󣬵ıߣֽǣ
껿ʬ壬Цһ
˵ǻǸùʹѾ˼ȡеĸԴȵںʬʱ򣬵ʱյĻһ˭أ
ܿܵǸģʱͳΣйֵԴͷߣٴι
Ͼ飬ôôأ
ڲӦ˵ʬ壬׼ȷ˵һͷ׼飬һ̣kʧˡ
ûг״ﵽǸΡ
ʹҲ㹻ʹˡ
ʬ壬ʱߣйֵԴͷе𣬼ʹûгҲߵ֮·һ׼飡
Ѿ˲ٵѪЩѪ㹻ĵһڣϿе
ֻҪЩѪҺȡڽֵ磬Ϳɳĵһ
ϲѡأʵҲǶıʬ塣
Ͼһ϶ףǴصĹֿռ䣬ǸԴ֮һ
ֻǲ֪ΪΣ껽ٺǹȴ˳׸գǩµԼ󣬱ʧˡ
ʱͣ·еλڣһĳĬ
Ѿϳˣǵһλһγɵġֻǿյ˴ʱյӰ죬ȻͷƤֽܾԶ֮ǰ
ܹŹ֣ƺʶһ㡣ô룬ҲûĴڡ
˼һεǺǻ˵ܻḴյĺʱߡһξˣ
Ҫߣſɹϲ磬ĳԼԼµζʲôأ
ѵйأ
еɻ󣬲ûмӶ
˵ʵܸоԼﶢˣǷҪΪһ㡣
УûǴĻƺΪʱ֮ʲôʱΪʱ֮ˣ
ѵΪ̫ʱȨԭ򣿻ʱӹԭ
ʱӹԭԼյĿʮʱλ󹹽ġԼΪλʮ֮һʱ֮
껲²š
ⲻ޿ܣϾͷƤֽֻλһγɵģǺǿ
ϴˣʲôԣ
ϲǸʮʮеļλʶ
λûпʮеһλأ
껶Ȼ뵽һܣ̲ס
ʮ֮һôʱͣ¼Լ緢ıԭ򣬵ȵȵһУһ϶֪ġ
ʼʣ츣ҲǸλйءģҪ츣ǼһˣԼܴܿӵһȡһЩ
̾˿ҡҡͷȥϸ롣
ʼʺ츣֪أҲ޴Ӳȥ
ڣ֮ǰ׽ϡȻԴΪž
Ĺֵ֮׻ǿʲô̶ȣ
ĿԴɣ



368 ʱ

˿
ĵһѾϡҲ˽ıԵ
һӴʵŹַĵĽȴﵽ˰ٷְٵĵز̫ʱʮΪѾ޿ĵز
ȻʹԾûдֻż𵽾Ľ
޾ԨңԶʱԵɴĥ˼޷޷޷ݣ
˵ֵ֮ͨĹֵȫصĲ
һǷ
һ񣬾Ǵ˵е
ӴĻԾɲԼֵ֮ĲΡôֻĽеķټʬեȡѪҺñƼϳĵһ
˼ţġ
ʱ˿
Ĵ
ȡĲƸԴٶԽԽ졣
ƵʲϵӣԽԽۡ껵ٶȣԽ־
磬뿪Ļ֮أκţӣɽ𺣣޾֮Ԩһеһжݻ껵֮壬ڷ˹Ľ
һƺһδȴޱȿֲĵš
֮ʯΪ֮Դ
ΪԴѾѣΪƬ硣
ɢܡ
γڵ㣬ȡе
ϲԿ˽ۿɼٶţǰĹֻһСˣô˿̵磬ѾĴȥ
֮ʯڣ罫ϵĳȡ֮ܣ֮һƬӶǽ塣
ѨԭĹռΪ絮Ļʱռ䣬ɴ˵
ս۶
ɽľǣʯƬһ磬һγɡ
˶ߣ罫ڴ֮ϣ磬ǰС
֮صǲƵĸԴ껵Ĺֵ֮֮Ǿһγ
ǿġ
ûصĸԴҪ̫ܣѨʯͷƬҲһ
ͬʱ֪ʶϵ֮ţͷžҵĹâϵϢ¼һȫµ֪ʶҲڽ˻ᣬϵԼ
һĽγɣܹ
ϢҲˡ
ؽ
ء
⵽Դ֮Ѩ磬ʯƬ
Ժϳϵˡ
ɴ˽أܵԴͱʯƬӰ졣ᵮ硣
ԳƺΪ磬ܵظȻԳƺΪģԨֻǣֵĻܻڤڤĳδ֪ĴڣĿעӡСġ
֪ʶϵ֮ŵѣ͸һһﲻܵظ֮֡
Ѫɫ壬֮ת⼸֣Ѫܵģ䲻Ϣ
ƺڸֻܽ
磬ܵظ
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Ĭ˼Ӻ
ͻȻĴĻźȻըѡ
ʬɢĸԴ֮뵽֮СҪǣһ貵ģźڹѪҺ۶ɣ
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֪ǲǴһ̣ƺһ޿κε̾Ϣ֮С
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ĵĻըѣЩõľɫƺ鱻ֽ⿪ԽʵҪͻõĽޣٵʵ硣
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369 һʱ

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޾ɭһֻĩһֹ⻷֮ء
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֮У߼߼Զ֮أĪ־˵ʲôʲô
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ֻܵʱӱȴûи֮ܵǻԵĿֲ֮
һ̣أƺĵʱԵߵ˸ı䡣

Ѿȫŭ״̬ѪҲڱڤڤеĴڣۼȫҪ껴֮Ĩȥ
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ĳ̶ֳ˵ӿֲ
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370 1

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371 2
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372 ʱ1

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377 ʱĻ

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ìڴ˿Ϊһ塣
Ƕʱʱ֮ʱ֮Уⲻʱ磬ʱôʮͷֲϽֻأĥ־ƬҲԳ֮Ϊݻ
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ֻĹ򣬽ںϣУʱ֮أһöһöǳ
һʮöһʮ貵Ļ⡣
ͬʱڸ߹ʵʱܣͬʮöСһŵʱӣֶ
Ȼϰ׺ڽ
ǾͺСһŵһ㣬ɢŸԹΧʱתǷ
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ʮʱ֮ͳεʱڿʼ



381 ڰе֮

ʱţ
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Ļ˵ǰ©ֲʧΪרҵڲߣְҵµġ
ֻڼѰһЩڲߣԼĺۼ
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߹ˮǧɽ̤Ѱ·;ȥ̩ɽȥۺȥż֮أȥMеȵȡ
ֻǺܶطֶѾױΧųһ㣬ö롣
ʹ˺ѿʱͣ磬Ҳգ֮ʣ޸ϡ
ǰļһʹʱͣǿˡ
껲ȫһӴǺѼʱͣеġǿнȥܻܿᵼһбݡ
Ѿˡ
ֻǣ֪ΪΣԼһ㡣
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׺ɣŮڵĵطܿѾŵʱǨ˱䶯
ҲٴεǶɽ֮۷塣ȴԭɽϿյĽ⣬Ѿɽﵽ˰ɽλá
ֻٹֵƺҲ棬
ʱͣһ죬ϼǿ
ʵ룬ҲǸ󣬱Ͼǰڲڰ䣬ʱͣǿ˵Ҳλļһջضƿء
룬һеı춼ɿˡ
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һЩȽ˼󣬺ܶʱ֮ɫʱﵮˡ
ʼǶĸ䣬е֮Сж̺š
ڤܲϵĳ֣һЩ飬𲽳֡
Ȼǻ۵ѿ
һЩ壬ڤ٣ڼٽΪǻ壬ЩЩ
ںܶոյǻ۵Ⱥפ۲⣬̻һЩǳ֪ʶΪ۲ߣջԴһƹԡ
ʶЩʮͷֵ־Ƭ֮У϶صЩݻڴڲ֪֮У絮Ļ⡣
ֲ˵Ҫ⿪־еأҪݻУи֡
ԭˣԼΪҪڿҪݻǻ塣
־е̺ʲôܣ
ı룿ǻ۵Ļ⣿
껶ǷɢʮͷڵأԽĺˡ
ʮ
껹۲⵽һȺǳƵ塣
Ⱥ֮ͣã˴ڹĺۼղ뿪ˡ
ʮ꣬ʮͷһͷصڤٹ򱻸дһͷԭ򣬷ǳʵγɣ޷١
⵼ڤܣһ̶ҲʹÿһոΪ֮ǰ˳
ֻлһͷԽٵĽǣµʮͷȫٺѣʱĲĳϫǻıըĻ⸡֣һеһУ
ڤٱ󣬵һɽʽڵ߸ʮ꣡
߸ʮ꣬ڤ٣ٹҹС޴ϯȫ򡣹˽֮УЦ
Ȼ
ǻ۵Ļ⣬ںڰ֮УȻųǰδеĹâѻΪĻʯڰΪԴȪ赲һδӻ̤֮
Լ֪ʶϵУдһλ
߸ʮ꣬ʷ֣֮
һڰеʮꡣ
ڰ˸ʮ
뿪ЩƣԶٴνӽĳС
֣󲿷ĳУѾ޴ʱͣΧ֮ǰǰ㣬ƺǻѿλĴڣıˡ

Ѿоһ˿Ϸһ޶Ϥˡ
ңһȫҲݻɹԿԭɢܣûд࣬ҲС
ǰЩҰеôͻ磬ȴû뵽λļһмƻ
˼ڵȰȫݻأ
ھŸʮ꣬ûɶ¸ɣڤ֮У
ʱ˵ʮʮ꣡
ҲԪ262꣡
ʱͳεʱһ



382 ֮1

ʱٵĵһٸͷ
ҲԪ262ꡣ
ʱڵ㣬յֵϷļأЩԪ֮еǻۣǳǽԼϵʱ
ʱصġҲ˵ġ
صΪ飬ףʱУΪʲôǻᱬըĳ֣˵ִըû˵ǻִըء
һʲôصصµġ
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Żᵼǻֲĳ֣ģ
ΪոǻļأʱڣԼͬļڵϵ
kĻ⡣kȼǻ۵Ļ֣kһе֪ʶصʱ
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еĳأ޷ơ嶼̲ס־
ʱӼ֮ͣЩһʱֻһ
֣֮
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û֮һ


383 ֮2

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һֿԱڹѪԴͷĹ
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ǵãг֮ƣ
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384 Ѫ֮1

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оԼ˼άЩͣڣճҺҪȴֻܽлƶ
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ʱͣͣ
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˿̵ֻ֮תΪ˴ڣԿַ̫ͳŽڤģһ߹׵ַģ״
ѻڵеδ֪ĺ껵֮У״д
Ϊѵδ֪ģһڻͷų貵ĺɫâЩɫâ껵֮Ⱦ˴ɫ
ͬʱ޾Ϣȵȡ⻯Ϊһ״ɫգ٣Ȼ壡
˿ҡ
ʱ仺ʧ
һ

룡
ӣͺǧ꣬ꡣ
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жѽѧ׾ԣɽ֣һĵһлΪࡣ
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ǻһһεĳɳӼ򵥵ʹչԼļսԣ۳Ĺԡ
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ҲԼ֣֮Ϊ޾аѡҲԼЩ־ƽأΪıߡ
գϢĻ棬һɢ׵Ĺʱϡ
貵׹ԣһ̣ƺΪ㣡
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еĳһеԴ
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״ĺɫ棬ƺյ˼ޡ
֮ɺڻΪɫ״̬ԿĻ֧֣һĨ׵ĺۼ
Ŀռϵǵ㣬ҲһöһöյǹĿռ仯ΪһƬףܵĺڰɢ˺ֹ֮ңԶ
Ȼ⻹ûгϡ
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Ŀռ䣬Ҳһӵ̬ΪѨһһѻ״̬
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һĻ棬ѻϿȼ𣬻дһ˿ףҫķһǳ˵ĹԣΧת
껵־У硣
һ̣оԼһֲ˼ٶţָоͺһ̣Ϊ磬ΪԴĴ
֮һĨ֮棬ʱ޿̲
޵׶һ㣬һʱϢʱ޾֪ʶ븹С
ʲô
壺
Դ
ԣʱ֣죬ǻۣ
ĳ˼Ľްť
ʵۣ̣
Դ
껿֣˲͵ɴ۾
һ̣뵽һʡ
Դ
ǸԴ
ԭͳһʱջ񣡡
ԼԴ
˿һȫ֣ջ񣬼ֱ
ΪԴ
ϢΪʳΪ䣬ĸֹѶΪ壬һеһУЩͳεʱΪһ壬ữΪԴ
Դԣ
ͳεʱΪӦԵԴ
һֲڹ򣬲磬ͳһ磬һʱ߲ſ۵档
߽һͨ
Դǿ־壡
ԴǴ죡
Դ
Դ֣
ͳεʱʱ֣עĿľǣǻ壬ֵȼǻ۵Ļ֣֮⡣
һֽΪޣǻ۵飬һ֮󣬴̤ǰʱͣĵ̸񣬸ƾãӲ
һ磬ֻеǻԽӷḻܳǻ֮⣬һ粻ϵĽϵĳԽ
̫ˡ
ҲֻͳһʱһԴԭ
ȻҲзĿռ䣬ַ̫ģĵá
⼸ǳҪ˵ԴһһνеģһȡԼͳʱһУվʱݻԼ֮ɱ䡣
֮Ҫ޾ʱ䣬ȥԼ֮ɱȫ
ѪҲ
۵ʲôԵԴǶҪʱ䣬һĥԼͳʱķ
Ȼأ
ַ̫ͳһУַͨڤģγȶ״ǰ»ΪѵĴڻһһ껵ȫںһ
ͬʱĿռ䣬ԭ֮أҲȫͨӴ硤֮ȫ껵һ档
Ȼ֪ʲôáǿԿ껽ôϢʷݱ䣬һʱѶȴû˿⡣
˳˳ˣֻ˻Ϊɫ֮У߱ա
˳µģ̳ԼԴ
Ѵ֮
ûЩһ˲䣬ᱻ޾֪ʶϢǣҲữΪûκ־Ĺ
ȻγԴĸԭ򣬻иʱγɵǻйء
ûЩײݻ֮⣬ǻ֮ǾԲô۳Դġ
˵ףԴγɣֻ˴߻ãػǻݻ
ֻǶԴⶫԾɲ˽⡣Ͼոγɣ嵽ʲôģ֪
ֻܿԼǺǿġⶫܿйء
պѪѾ·˺ԶԶˡȻͳεʱ䲻ôһʱҺܿھԶ֮ǰѾ·ˡ
Դ
Դ
ôǸֻʲô
껰ĥš
ȻùͷƤֽĸԴѾΪĻ֮һԾɲⶫʲôģǾôγɵġ
ֻ֪ⶫƺ鶼ǳá
ڣԴĶ֮һԴǰѾ¶˱ɽһǡֻҪⶫȡ㹻ʷϢ㹻֮⣬㹻ǻ֮㹻ѣһ쳹һԽ⿪ɴ
գ˽ԴΪ
Ҳ֪־ƬУûйԴڸڸԴϢ
ʱӹʱȫ˼ǷԴ˼ã
ЩҪٴ̽
ϧһ֮ݻϣһǻõݻʱ䡣һСʱӵ׹䣬ֲ֪Ƴٵˡ
ǻ黹ǲ࣬ǰ
˼ţĬȻ
ڵһУǻҹţԴҪУϵĽո
ͬ²һ㡣
һһ硣
껲ָ֪²Ϊ᲻ķСڰպѪϸˮȡֿ֮͵ոһ̶⵽ƻ
ֻǣʲôϵ
ȡҲһԵոҲ
Ҷǰһ
ֲã˵飬Ƕڹֵ־˵Ǵ綼Ϊ²ո֮أǶʲô
ãԼǸļһôǻ飬ûйҲпˡʱôԼһȡϢΪ꣬㲻ʲô°ɡ
ûиܵʱͣԼų⣬껰ң̵š
һ˼Ƭ̺Լ֮𣬿˻ΪѻķĿռ䣬ݻĴƬƬռ䡣

ǡ
üë¶˺ɫ
ԼķĿռչЩϣһͬʱһ£ѪŮӣŶŮ棬ɪɪֲ̿
û˿ڱܵĸе־塣
Ĺ֣
Ŀռһα仯ڰֵںڰռУ
Сһ£
ȻڱߣĺŮЦ˵


391 ξ

ˮʯש̳ɡ
ΧɢһЩ֦Ҷƺܾûʹˡ
ˮԵʮưܡ
ɢһɭϢ
һͷŮò毺ãȴޱ顣Ƚ˼ǣһͷڹĹֵûи顣ȴܵĸе£ɪɪھﲻ֪롣
Сһģ
ȤĿͷ֡⻹һμ֣֪ʵ崦ʱͣĸ䣬Ƿʱͣˣ
ӳںڰռеѾ껵ķĿռɣԽҵͷʵе
ֻǡô
ƬĿռڵĹڰ磬˵ף磬߹ַĵĹ硣
һУֻʵӳա
껣ڵ״̬ĿռӣʵеԼͶӰӳաȻ֮ʵɵģȴ껵ڣִƬڰ֮С
һ죬껵ķĿռ䣬˺Ƭڰ뿪ܹ˵һ塣
˿
껺һɤӣȴûκӦֻܿƺŮĸˣãȻĿܡ
ִһ£껷ԼƾȻˮʯϺᴩ
ûд
Ǽٵģõģ
ԣ
о
еξ
˵
ãƮ죬а⣡
ȵĲȶ
Ҫʱ顣
ϸһ£üͷЩơ
Ȼܵɾ˼ˡ
磬˵׶ȷǷڡҲֻǸݵϷ֮ǰͷ֮еĲ²⡣
ǸСУİҹߵ̲ʬĺ嫹磬Ӧò硣δ֪йء
ԣԺ֮ȫԵ֣֮ٵ磬һ
ѵƬڰ磿
ԣ
ڰǹֺ磬ԲϺţ
ǰ״̬ȴ
ѵν꣬Ҳεһ֣
ǰˮǺŮӳ䣬Ҳξ
˼

һӣöԲڷĿռ֮С

ɫɫɫɫ򡭡
֮ǰٴȥ̩ɽ㷢ЩˣصռһЩ
û뵽ôó
ռξģΪξԿס
翣ûһֶΣ޷롣ЧҲֶΡ
û֮һ
ˮԱߡ
Ƭ̺һɹɭʵʵϢ͸¶
зӦ
ȻҲ˰ˡ
ɭžֻЩķӦξǰ㣬ա
Ȼξƶѡ
̾˿ջ򡣾ضˮһʱ侹оû˿취
ڵĹַĴҪַĵδ
ܸܵǰһöַģǾûӽҲ޷ɡ
Ҫǰһڷ⣬ȴԲʹ࣬ץ
ҲڷĿռغХַĵĿѾһΪͷſˮ״ˮΡ

ߴﹾ
һﲻϵĳ˵һЩ˭Ҳ૵ƺڴߴϿ취
ͷߡ
飡
һķɣ
ڰˡ
üë뵽һ취
ֻһ˿Үռ˷Ŀռ䣬ϡ
һΣٰˮԡ
һ̣
ҵķӦˣ
ˮͬܵһСƬ򣬾ǱŤĻһջΪ⣬û֮С
ȻԭˮλãΪһɫŻƺʱȴ껵ĴԽ
ˣ
¶ϲɫ
ܸоɫŻ󣬾ŮǶǵξ硣
߿ԳƺΪξΪ׼ȷ
ϾҲһ˿Үռá
ֻҪ껹öȻȻܹȷŮڵʵλãֱξҲ˵
ö򣬹أɫӦӦǴڵ۷塣ʵȼֵֻͨĳ̶ȡ
ͨ߿ҡ
ȼ򣬻˵ѡ
ʮּ򵥡
ҲʮɫԽߣԽֲ
ֲ
Ȼʹ֮ӵеξҲûֻԴһ˿ɫˡ
һ껲ûֱӽ֮ڡ
ɨܡ
ԿķĿռԾڷٵţ䣬г֮ԼеԴ·ĿռٶȼǼαġ
ֻڹޱߵúڰ磬ȴԾ׾μ⣡
α̫˵Ҳֻˡ
ʹҲɫ
ĿռţѵһͷڵУݻϡŹֵŤʡ
һͷʯ꣬ˮ̶һ
˹ͷͷȴӵл塣
ֹ죬Եɭֲ



392 ڰ򾪱1

ض󣬾֡
Ŀռ䣬ԵʮֹŹֶء
ԿЩͷոճ֣ȴʧˣԭڵĵطת˰׹Ǿ
Щϣż˵۾ͱӸ֡
ЩƺҲߡĽֺ
һЩĹȴѾ飬ɢ֮С
һЩĹƬУƺһ˿ڰš
Щʲô
ĿռΪͶӰܸоʲô˲õı仯
ֱ仯Ǻõģ
ȴò׼кá
۲ܣٿԶ
ŷĿռţԶĺڰѸٵʡ
˿̵ĿӺڰѾеʴʱ²ַ̫ĵķ߼ֵڰռҲʴȾ
۲ڰռ䣬źڰռһϢʱ򣬺ڰϢ֪ЩС
ûһ㣬Ƭڰ磬չ¶ǰ
ʱûн޵ġ
֪˶
һ
Ҳпܺü
ֻм
ͻȻ
껸оڰ綼һ£һͷƤ˺лص
ɫһ
ǡ
޾ңԶĺڰ֮У
޾Զĺڰ֮Уһ޴ĺڰѷӰ֮֡ܿѷ죬ΪѷܣҫĪĹЩԽʱռľ룬м޾ĺڰһƵͶ֮ء
̺ϢżܿعӰ֡
ƺʲô
㲥ţ
ϢУһȼŷڵĻ
ʱղϵıǨܾɫҲŸŤ
ѸٵĶҵĸı䡣
ڰ
ֲԶ
һֻǧ׵ĶȣԽĸ߶ȣ֮С
ڼ̤޴ѷʱ򣬲֪Ϊι˸䣬Ѹʧˡ
֮ԶԶĵطо޴ЫӰ֣Ѹٵʧ
ţǧ׵ľӰױȵķ޴ռݰʵĶۣĿֲ󣬽Ӷĳ֡
ʲôδ֪﷢
¡
Լ޴Ѩںڰռ֮УϵĹâԶƺ޾ңԶֲңӦ
ԼȫҪ޾Զ״
һΣˡ
εĺڰһƺڹ⣬ѿĵطѸٵڰռӶ
ڰڹ˼ǣǺɫģһ£޷ԵԺķֱڰɫĲ
Ǻڹд־һ㡣
ԶľɫʧΪ޾֮ڡеҽ׷׹أ¡¡ľ졣
ռ壬ƺ˺ˡ
˻кУеૡ
ΣΣΣգ
ֱڲϵ
̲סǲĸоͷƤ飬ëֱ
ˣ֮ûܵΣˣ
˼飡
ͬһʱ̣ԼĿռҲٴУϵ𿪡
ѻϿյҵȼգ״ķһη֮˲仯Ϊ˴֮ɫ
Ŀռ䣬ʼı仯
Ĺ˹Ĵܣͷ˵¡
ֻʯڹ꣬Ų˺ܾò壬һĪˮ̶֮С
Сʱ껵ķĿռ䣬ȫΪһ㣬ޱȣ
ûһ˿֡
ǣ׷ʲô
һ޾Σյĸоͷ
ֲ٣
ȻӦ㷢ֱ޾֮ڰǵصӶѸûԼڵ򣬲ԶӶȥ
ڰС
Ťѹ֣궼ҪȻ
ķ
ڰ֮
ȥ
һɢૡ
޾ĺڰУһ֪Ťѿգ޾ڰٴ˵ء
ǲ״˳ѿգ˽ȥʧӰ١
ƺ˴˵أ
ֻһ۵ľ껾͸оԼ廹꣬һ˿˿ʼŤ졣
ϸһ컯һڰߡ
ȻȾΪԼ
һͷǿĹֵ֮׼飿
ʱͣ粢ûκηӦѵʱͣĴڡ
üͷһӣ֮
һ̣ڰ׸
ĿֲڰԾ΢룬Ϊһλºڰռ䲻ͳεʱҲ׵ĵֿ
ʱü۲ԼѪϸ
ֻЩɫİߵ㣬Ѿͬ۾һʡһЩһףóһĶĶڴЩ۾
Ļ滯ΪбѪȫ˳
ʱӿݵģ˿Ӷ
ƶûκá֮ƣһգ۾ͿԻָȫ
֮ԷЩɫ壬ҲֻΪҪһغڹ⣬̺ʲô
ֻǣȾԣЩԤϡ
̫ǿˣ



393 ڰ򾪱2

ڰеľ䣬껡
ܸоΧĸֹӳ䣬һɢĹ󣬶𲻶
һ̬βĺڹ⣬˼˼֡
ǿҵȾеȡ⻹Ǽ̵ľΪһȾԳĲ״Ĵڣ
˿̡
ԿЩѪĺڹܣЩѪ⼴ʹųȥԾɲϵγµĺڰߣȫÿһϸС
ۡ
һɺɫģѪѪҺڴڵ˳
һֱ³ĺɫѪҺʼȫ¶һ˿˿֮Ļֹ֮ͣ
껿³ĺɫѪҺЩѪҺУȻĵĳӣζ
ԽԽࡣ
Ƭ֮󣬱㿴ЩѪҺȻȫΪĳӡ
ЩӲûѪ֯ɺɫùɡͨɫޱȡ
ЩɫС棬оԸոտֻ˺ѺڰռĲ״δ֪ڡ
֮ѪҺӺѾĺڰѪ⣬ó棬˽ȥ
һգ
ɢȼյֻ棬֮䣬ָȫ
˼ص
Ƭڰռศɡ
һ
ȾԱȹҪǿ
ǲ˼鰡
֪֮ǰ޾ĺڰ׷ʲô
Ϊ˶Ŀֲھۼ
Ҳ֪Լںڰпľ󵽵ʲô
µˣйĻϸһˡ
Ƭڰռ䣬ᷢ״
Σ˺ѺڰռĲ״ӦƬڰռеĶʳˡ

Ҳһͷ׼飡
ЩЯϢȫʮңû취ʲô
ֻ
ķڰ֮
߸ֶѣ
̺Ϣȴ˳˼þò

ڰĿ죬ȥҲ졣
ڹһлعƽֻҲ֣ɢܣԭԸӦЩмطѾȫ
ҲûκϢ
˰
ⳡڹ⣬ҲԵһַʽ
껰ĥš
ͦģ֪ʱߣ׷ʲôôֲĶѳ
ʲôᷢڰԣ
Ļȥ
ȻǷڰĿֲڣڰѷӰټޱ޼ʵĺڰ
ЩΪ谭
ûǿ󵽿ԼԦķĿռ䣬ƬڰΣ
νҲֻˣκʵж
ջ˼ٴοߵξŻ
ξ֮
ԣֵξ¹Ůδ֪Сꣿ
ξڲԵϢ
ǸС򳡾
껵ͦڴģһͷֵֹҮռγɵξֻأ
ԥϵֻ棬󲿷־ع֮УС־»ΪΣξ֮š
ڵʵûа취ȫ־ֵȼξ֮еġ֮ξ绹ǿ
һȫ־룬ξͻᱻʱɶҲò

ת
һڹŴСӡ󣬷Բ幫ѡ
žסһٶ໧˼ҡ
ǵ͵ط
ʯ̾͵ʮε·СһһᣬΪĲ֡СΨһ·
ؽֵ̣ԿӰ㿣һֵľ
ξѾԴﵽĵزȻܼªҲ󣬵һҪٻΪʵ
˵ףڹǿŤֵܹɵġ
ȼξȼϵУѾеˡ
һЩĽ֮·УַɽҲһ·
ڷĿռ졣
Үռγ˱
һξԴͱֵķģΪĽ̬
ûȷеĽҶ֮У껲Լһ;
ͳʱݻ飬ٽʱϢ߻֮еԴɳһ·
ڤ֣ӿĿռţռݸĺڰξĿռ䣬ǵڶ·
ʱӹɱ䣬Ѽڣǵ·
ڤܣ־ƬϢҵ֮·ǵ·
ʱֻİַĽַ̫ļȵȣѾıʡ
ʹЩ·ҲֻʱġʵƷǰѾû˵·ѾߵԴﵽľͷǿҲֻܸһЩοҪһֻԼ
Ҫߣѧ
ÿһλԼһ޶ĵ·е껣Ҳ⡣
ڣͼŵڶ·
зĿռ䣬ξԹ֣



394 ɶĹ1

˿
ϸĹۿܡ
̶ȵξѾɳԼٻĵزټٵĻþУӵйĪĹʵ
һξ͸ˣԭĹֵϷУ̶ȵξѾӵʵĹ
ξеĹ֣ξ֮飬޵еģ
ҪԸֻðսξ
ʱξͬһ㡣

ʱ
˵Ĵ·ȴûĹע
˱ʹ󵨣һЩǰĴ·񣬲ûʲôһ쳤ۣͷѪɫĳҲһ
ҿܻĹעϵơΪ껣ֻһ־ҿԵѹԼҲ޷һĥ
ͳһʱƣǿɲ˵ЦġټڹֵŤϢƽ˼ϡ
磬Сڶˣ
þøй¶껣¶һ˿ɫ
СһμһٶǰͷƤֽɡ
żҵͷ֡
һǷݵĵط׼״
ξĲ֪Сĸ䣬ûһĿ꣬ͷϹң˷ʱ䡣
һһ˿˿Σա
Ҫ֪ξ֮ξΣղֻξģкܶ죬Σյ⡣
һЩŤĻǶΪξģ޷˵ġ
һ룬ʹҲе൱֡
Ͼֻһ־ˡ
ңһҴĿ꣬пܻξĵı
ξȼѾﵽıԵξıܻܿǰΣɲҪġ
Լ·Ҫ۲죬ܽᣬһζɡ
ϣ˵𣿡
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395 ɶĹ2

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396 ȱ˸˵Ĺ1

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397 ȱ˸˵Ĺ2

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ϾӡڰˣԳ̫֮ӵġ
᲻;Զ֮ǰʧ̫йء



398 ֮1

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֣ǰҲᵽף־޴࣬Ǹֲ֮ȵȵĺУЩΪʳ
Ȼ棬ȴΪЩе׽ࡣǺǿÿһͷӵֵͨ۷ʵ
ҲΪڲڣϷУܵԼư磬ȥ룬Щڰ࿸ı֡
һ˵ԽԽԽۼ־ԽԾ֮УԽ׵
񶼣Ϊ˿࣬ĳУ޵ﵮҲͲΪˡ
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УһŻ򿪡
ðܻ棬Ż߳
ǰ޴ֵ񶼣һ˿ɵ
񶼣ħֲУħΪûԭġ
ҲôˣһֱţԸԭ֮һ



399 ֮2

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ôе̫Ҫ˰ɡɶҲ֪ɶҲûɶҲ˵
ֻǸĺӣֻ֪Զѡ

񶼣ǲ²Ǻģ󲻾Ժ
ܷܳ޾ҲֺܷܳĽߵ֡
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֮УһһľʱͣţǽֱߵһƻҳҲˡ껴ûмϸʱͣģⲻ˼鵽˼㡣
ǰĴڣƺŬάǵԭòȻҲû˿
ûıģֻǸڱϵĶһǣıôܡ
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룬ܹо񶼵ǧ׵ĵ£صռ䣬ѾȫΪ˻һƬֲеתѹֵϢ
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֮żɲҪʧ
΢΢һЦ廯Ϊ棬˲˵ص֮С
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һ򣬵ٷ֮һҲû̽ϡڼȻʵ񶼵ҲƲż޺ܴܿС
ˣ



400 ż1

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Ҫżڲǿнǲеġڵλǿн룬ֻż飬һлΪޡ
һ˵Ҫȥֻܵżضʱ䣬ضĵص㣬ضʽ֮УԵĿ
ΪżǶģʵġԶԵĿ󣬹ύںϣ˽У⵽ų⡣
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ڣһУż֮е״ȵȣûСû꣬û壬ûϢǿдŻУҲһ⵽ų⡣
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һѼȡЩĹγһźɫĿƬſƬԴԴϵͷżڲĹ֮ż֮Уżų⡣
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ֻҪ˳һһǵڵ㣬Կͨλá
֮Ӧþں֮С
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ֻǣҪĽ׶Σʱ뷽һδǵʮڵ㡣ڰ֮ԨҲУ̫ˡ֮ԨҲСԨǼ򵥿Դ򿪵ġһǴֲŶԡ
лŲͼ״ͼ˼˵еһλá
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ֻдɳޣſ½Ľڵ㣬ҵͨĵ·
Ϸ֮У껾ôġ
˵ȴУֻѶȻɼαǳķʹڵҲе鷳
鷳ģԻʵʵģ򵥵ķʽɡ
ȵȣİϷݻ
ҪûǴĻɳ޵ıܣ滹صƷǽڵ㣬ҲˡڿĹ֮һ̺űͻԵһΡ
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ȻǰİϷеĲżݻڵһС
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ųʷֵϷʮż֮һ
ĺܶƷ֪ʶԿĪĹֵ״Ĵڡ
̶ȿ֪



401 ż2

żΪֵϷʮż֮һ
ض޿ɵġ
䱳ܹٷģ壬һʶ
ֻ֪⴦żһЩԵ֪ʶϢˡ
޷ֱΪޣޣɳޣɭޣصޡ
ԨΪڰԨԨѪɫԨԨԨ
һЩֻ΢ᵽɳ޵飬ڰԨģԨʱ̣޵ĺĵȵȡ
ޣԨݴ˵ڵʷܳԽڵıʱ䣬ӾԶ
ΣҲܸߡ
ΪߣҲҪСġ
һߴܾԨ
Ϊˣ޵ˡ绹иĪޱΣյĿֲش
񶼵µ⴦޴Ĳż֮һ
ȻܻȡһЩ취Լ֮壬һǿ
ʱӹɱ䡣
ԼʹĽ
ȵȵһУ
ƱػıǱһδȵĽܹͻƾ̼Ҳ˵
ǿдŻ
һС

ȥĵص㣬һƬɢռ飬ʱѷ֡
ߵļԶشܹһЩɢֲ΢΢Űɫء
УûҲûֻ̫һ֪ӺδĻմ
ЩյĻ£ŰĹ
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ܵӰ죬̬Ť̶ȶ
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صȼĹĪ⣬طǷħ
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ֻɫ
ڵϵҽӵڣȻ渽ȴ෴ò١
ϣܵҽӵϣϡϡֲոԶԶһЩȫûˡ
ǿܸܵ껵Ϣǰ˿
ȻһЩֵֹ⣬еľҽеĹ㣬һЩЦʯ
껻һżǧ׸ߵӵ˲ߴȴûκҶӣڰɫֽһĶ
ֽеҶһ㣬ش£ڿбȼһ̱ȼֽ˷һٵİһѳһŨҵĺɫ壬ϯܡ
бɫմȾֲ̼䣬ʼ䡣



402 صʱմѷ1

ͻȻľض졣
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£˸ָڡ
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ھ޴ʱͣ磬֥һ㡣
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ֻȷĿǽڵ㣬ſͨʱѷ죬֮ء
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ܲżոݻ֮صľ޴ʱѷ죬ҲֻԼڵһСĵطϾ˼ѾΪаĿֲ
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Ҫȥ֮ؿڹ۲״д㡣ɳҲǽӽǱߡ
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ʹһ·Ҳ߰Ҳʤ
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ǰУʱմѷԽԿżŴҲԽࡣ
زкֶ
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ԿĻԻ͡ǧ׸ߵĲƽսкѾĵʱڱ仯ʱвϸ֣ռڶʱŤĿռȵȡ
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ֻǣϷٷûиżϢܡ

ǰʱմѷ;С
һ·ϣֹﱻ׷ļɹ
мΣһֹŤ֡
翴һۣͱ졣
һɤӣʯ
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ҲǱֿһûԵһɧ
ͷߡ
գڽӽʱմѷڵء
ԶԶĿȥʱմѷͬһӵأɢľ޴ѲĻ
ĵĵطʮǧ׵Ŀľ޴ѷ죬ʱѷˡ
һЩϸСѷ죬ʱѷ죬ܵմأɢȥ
Ľ֯һ֩һ㡣
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ۿɼʱնŤռ䷢󡣿ռ䲻ʱķҵı仯
ߵʱ򣬾ܷ֣Ӱżط֡
ӰӰڱ仯ʱУʱմλ
嫵ʱѷʱղϵ顣
ƾ棬κˣ
޾зڡ
տˮһ㡣
ʱʱ쳣̶졣
ɫ仯



403 صʱմѷ2

ǵһο˺嫵ĩ֮
˺嫵֣ôγɵģֱ޷
ǰĴ˾ѾԼݵˡ
ħ٣
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ֹͣǰĽŲפۿ
˿ʱѷ죬һٶ๫ķΧ
Ѿĸоһš
Χʱ𽥱Ӱ죬ԼߣӰĳ̶ȾԽ
ʱѷһ޾롣Ϸг֮Ϊӽ磡
ӽ硪ӽʱѷһ̾롣һ룬ôҲֻᱻʱѷ׹С
ʹԶʱѷķܣҲֻԽԽӽ
ʱѾȫŤˡ
ÿ˵ļӽķΧͬΧʱտʼӰһٹﷶΧԽǿˣӽԽ̡
껹Ӧ10ڵķΧھǶ٣ǾͲö֪ˡ
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ȷǽڵ㣬Ҫʱմѷ죬Ǽ޷쵽
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껣ƾԼʱӹȴͻƵʮļ޷Χ
Ѽݾ룬һƵʮļޣ

Ҫ̽ʱմѷ죬ֱ϶еġ
ֻھӽʱմѷǰ£ѰһЩϸСʱѷ֧
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ϷУдһＫڣֻҪữΪߵ
ͨʱѷĵ㣬ͻᵽص֪ʶأ洦ɼ㽫ΪһΪȫ

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Ϊֹ֪ģʮż֮УҲֻôһʱѷ졣
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Ҳλ߰Ѳżڴԭ

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طᱻȡʧԾεıԼƿء
ʼѰʱѷ֧
Щ֧һ㶼ֻмףʮ׵ĿȡܵʱŤĲ
ΪʱصŤϵļ֮¡
Щ֧ȻҲҲǺܶ಻״޷֪ϳĶ

ʣ

˭Ҳ֪
εʯͷ߿ȴһұ߿ֻΪһŻ棬ϸԾһͨʯͷ
ڵϹʱȴһ㣬Ĺʮֹ죡
Ĵڸҵ֪ϢļϣȻӸ϶ıˡ
ÿֲʱմѷ죡ôγɵģŻ˵
ŤʡĴںۼ
ʯ
ԣ⿴һ̲ࡣ
ֲ
ǣ
ȻлŵĢŶ껹ͱӣȥȥ湻ϲеġ
ӦĻԲۣȻͻȻʧˡ
أ˼ΰ404֮𣿡
һ߶ΣյһϸѰţһŤĹ
ǹ⣬ϸòһֻѪ
̺ٺ
ǳص
˵Ѿˡ
ֹһᣬһƯеɽߣһص
һ޴Ĳ
Ӱת
ǡ
üͷ


404 ʮ1

ƺǱѹ˼µĿռ䣬۶ɡ
͸һһ㣬һƬʱմѷʮڡ
һģһ飬ڲʵɸĲ㣬һľ϶ɡ
֮껸е֡
Ϊ⾵ϣȻ˺ܶŹֵľ
йи֣ʱѷ֧飬ҲϡŹֵ⣬ƺǱ¼ģһ㡣
֮ǰ׷СĻ档
ƺ֮ǰ¼Ӱ񣿡
껳š
Ĳӿռ䣬¼Ķ˴һЩ
Ӳ棬Խ¼ľԽϡ
һ

ӺȾˣÿһһʱ䣬ٲ֮ࡣ
Щ棬˺ܶϵĻ档ʱմѷľʱû޴С˺ܶࡣ
Ҳ˺ܶɫɫĹڣפڴˣƺڹ۲Ѱʲô
һһﲻ
ѵʱղӲ㣬¼ʱմѷĵ̣¼ŲżһЩԭʼϢ
뵽ܣ껵͵һ
ȥ
ǡ
ߵڵļ㸽ĲӾȻȫˡ
е㲻˼顣
ۿһЩϸСʱѷ죬޷ЩʱѹƶɵĲϣ˿ӡǡ
ȫЩ
Ͼʱһѵѹƶɡ
ǿʮ־ˡ
Ȼأ
ڲ㣬ȴȫ顣
һ㣬㣬㡭
ڲʮ㣬ȫ𻵡
ƺǱΪ˺ģ
˭أ
һ٣ʮֲ⡣ʮ㣬ȫǱΪƻģ滹ܹƻۼ
ִű˺⼸㲣һɵвд
ƻӲļһµЩھ˾ԶʱȴԾ껸еев
ݻٲļһжǿ
һʮӦ
ʮ֣
ʮֱħһ㣬У總֮֮䣬֮
о֣ħ˹죡
˵һĲǰ棬ϸĹ۲šһ鲣ӾЩܼܿ¼ʲô
һ
һЩ֮
㲣Ӽ¼Ϣܶ࣬һʱԿģֻģ۲졣
һ죬죬졭
ģһ¹ȥˡ
껰ʱͻȻ֮䣬һĲӣ˾˵ı仯
ͻȻתΪڣȻû껷ӦֻΪףѪ죬ɫɫȵȣ12ɫ֡
һ
һ䣬Կʮͨ쳹صĹᴩ硣ŵĲ磬Щȫ
ЩһСʱ䡣
мʮӰɡ
һתʮģӰڲǰ
ǵӣʮģǰֳֻϵĲͬɫ֮ǰЩЩơ
ʮӰڲǰЩӡ
֪ʲôмӰһЩöʮ㲣ȫ˿
Կֻһֱ
һʮӰǰĲ㣬ļ¼һС
ڼӰڲĲǻǰһҲ飬ð׹âӰֹˡ
ҡҡͷһץУδֳ֮һ㲣ûһ¡
ʮӰͣ뿪˴˵ء
ڻļ¼УԿʮӰû˾޴ʱѷ֮С
ǳʱѷһ棡
ܾˣ
ԶԶʱܱԶʱңԶʧʱδ֪Уһߣ߽ʱմѷ֮С
û󷢣ҲûôĽȥˡ
Ѿ˲Щ
ԺԾͣ׵ӰóǸδ֮Ķûǰһ㲣ӵĻС
λʱ֮
Լʱӹ壬յλ󣡡
ôܻǵk
޾Զ֮ǰһ˴ˣ
ʮһλӰ
ѵʮ
Ȼǵkǣ
껵ɴ۾͵ʵû뵽ƬĲżʱմѷ֮ǰȻʮĴھ
²ȷĻ⻹һĿʮĴںۼ
kҪʲô
Ϊʱմѷ챳أ
УӰΪҪݻڲʮӲ㣿ڲĲӲ㣬ܼܿ¼ŲżߣʱմѷγɵĵȵҪϢ
ʮ֪ЩϢŴݻЩԭʼӲ
˼ʮʱͣǰűٻڲż˵ھԶʧʱѾ˴ˡ֮ǰ¼ЩеĹڣƺѰʲôѵѰʮټ
صʱ֮ƺû㲣ӣӦλá

һӣһöССʱ۶ŵʱ֮ûλãݺݵȥ
һ
һĪĲݿ



405 ʮ2

ûλãҲǵʮλɫӰûλá
һĪĲ
ӲϵĻ棬ûΪģһī֭ˮУĲƣֶ
ǿռ䷢˲͸һ㡣
лʧȡ֮ɫС
һöޱȵ۾֮и֡ͬʱһϢݶ
˷ˣֵҲԶΪֵҹǺҹʱʱ䣬ǹһСпǼٵġ
ڱĿ⣬ԶΪġ
ڣȥδͳһҡ
Ĺȥ̫֮
䣡
Ϣ껵ͷƤ飬Ƶ壬еĿ־塣

̫֮
һһףôᱻϢ֮У
ģʱ֮˭
Ϊλ֪ЩϢ
껵ҵţԺе˼ϵתĶǰеĺɫ۾Ҫпʲôһ㡣
ȴûκηӦ
ɫ۾Ծǰأͬǰӣһžޱȡ
Ȼӣ껵ȴֳ޾Ķ񺮡
ð죬Ĳȶʼ˼е⡣
ʱ֮ݣٷְ⡣Ϊʮ֮һ껽ӴһҲΪֹΨһ֪ӣƵ
˵һ˵ʤ
ڣһϢǶ˵ġ̫֮׳Ӧûˡ
רΪϢ
һôܿ϶ԼһһᷢܣһϢ
ʱ֮ʱӹʱ֮ѵʮ֮һʱ֮Լйأ
Լ
뵽ܣ껵
Ⲣûпܡ
кܶϢ޲ָ²⡣
ʮ֮һʱ֮ԼǺܶණ˵ͨˡ
ǰϢ
ʱѭʱ֮ΰⲻǲܡȥпδδпǹȥ
һжɸı䡣
ɫ
ϱǿûпǹʮ֮һʱ֮пܾԼʵֻϾ̫ˣҲ̫ʱۺì֮㡣
Ҳûʵ֤֤һСͰ²⣬ĲԺ
ֱڣ
ľʮ֮һʱ֮ʱ֮
ڽеʱͣ磬ʲôʱ֮ڹȥԼĳϢδԼĳϢ
ѵʱͣҲĸԼйأ
ԣ
ⲻܣ
ԼʹٴνĹֵҲ޷˵ز
ǰļһ϶Լ
ҡҡͷ
һжǼٵģСıĿ⣬ȥ
Ϣеһ仰
Ĺȥ̫֮
̫֮񡭡𡭡ҵĹȥ
ң֮·ĵڶҵĹȥӦԭڵ𣿡
Ȼ磬ҲԼ
ȥδڣƽеҡ̸磬ͷƤֽ磬ʱͣ磬˼֮飬ԭʯƬڵĻ硣
˼һ
ң϶ܹµҿϢʱ顣ָӵľ棬ܶҵİעӣõʲô
ҿ㵽ǲң
ȻһЦ
һֺֻ¡һ£ֱӲ˾֮С
ûײûֱֱֻûɫľ֮С
ҪһȥδԼû룬
Ȼ
Ӻ
ջֱۣпտҲ
ʲôҲûУ
ĳ˿ƺ΢˵ʵڵģԼʮ֮һǴѹɾ̫ˡ
˿յ֣׼ջء
ͻȻһ
ٴ˳ϸĿš
ԼǾԲ˼򵥵ľһЩģ룬ġ
ϾϢʱ֮ܿܶţ޷ЧһЩõϢ
һĳһָصķʽԼĳЩݣֻЩϵϢ档
ɫУ룬ٴΰֱС
ĬĬĸš
ģܵһɷǳϸ΢ȴִӲͣЪɡ


εε
Ȼʱӵɶ
һСصɣէһͨʱֻͬΪʱӹܹоеĲ
һ껳Լ֮С
ַ̫ѻϵȻޱȡĿռޱߺڰ֮С
һö׵ʱӣںɫ֮Ȼ֡


εεણ
ͬɸֶ
һ
һСʱڸ֡
ղſõһС
ڲĿʼ
껵۾Ȼɴˡ
ôܻһ


406 һж

껶߻ص
̺һ˿ĸ顣
ûٴ죬Ҳûһ˿һĲ
ϤȻǰļһ
ôܣ
һȻ͸ʱ֮߾δ߹ȥԼһ̲˹ͨ
ԼϵĲԼʱ֮λļһ
ô룬Ҳ벻ͨ⡣ʱ֮ǰѵδ߹ȥԼλĴʲô
磬һ̶ʮɵģԼУ
Խ룬ԽĻҡ
֮ǰп顣
ڲĿʼ
ֻ仰ûκϢȥ
ǵͳ˻ƣǳƵȴְСʱӵĵδ
סĻеһУҪš
ѾǵļƻѾǧٿס·̫ѣŵֻԼС磬СеġС񡭡
ɫ˱䡣
㵽˭
㲻ң
һ̣ޱƶԼǳƵļһаٷ֮ʮĿܣ˵ȫ
ҡһȥʧߡ
˶٣Ƭ̺󣬼˵
磬ʱմѷҪĶǺΣգҪڲ̽Ѱ
̫֮ǱߡòҪڹȥٴνȥ١
иһҸһ仰ԨѾͥ죬ЩطʲôʱôĸkѾĽٶҲ̫˰ɣ
ǺǣǼһЩˡҲǡϾƺЩɻ䣬˶٣ûм˵ȥ
Ǻ£ջ֮ĳЩаĿעӡڱСĽءʹúܺãҲ벻
ܹԵɺ֮£ô꣬Ҷ֪ķʱͣ磬ռʹȻЩ˼飬Ѿܺá
ܿңܵҵ״̬
ɫ˱䡣
ҲǲŸոշֶѡ˭Ҳܲ㣬ֻԼһҪСıĿ⡣򡭡
ܲܰѻ˵
һеʲô
˭絽ôˣҵݡֵʲô
껵˫ۣҧгݡ˵˵һĸоֱ̫ˡϰµģð
Щ¡޷˵ҪȻ
ûʱˡҪһУڹʱ䵽ˣȥɡһеĴ𰸣С
󣬼ӿԪĽ취ʱͣˡǲܵ顣
סһ仰ıѭ˿־顣ڴԺнĻᡣ
ѾҪˣǵʱ䡭ʣ޼ˡ
˵仰ɢȥ
죬Ҳû˵ʲô
ţؿ֮ڲСʱӽɢΪɫ֮ٴλָԭĿռҲһ
´ڹĺڰռ֮Уһ
һеĴ𰸶ڹıѭµġѼ٣
ĥ⼸仰˼ޱȵĳء
ǰ滹˽⣬͸оϲ漰ܿʶԼϾٴκ򽻵ˡǩԼͷ
仰ȴѽͬʱҲеëȻĻ棬ƺ˺üȡ
ɢɭϢ
ʱѭѵ٣
ĵ·עӣ
Ľļƻ
ָĽ
һжзѽ⣬ĥ͸
껷磬ؿɫУ˿ֻĪʱƵʣѾʧ
Ƭ̺ջ֡
̧ͷԶľ޴ʱѷ죬
ҪģֹʵӵдһмһеУѹ
ȥǸʱѭֹҪ𣿡
ֻҪҲǲԣֻϣǲҪڣҵֻԼסҪһΪԴȪֻ֪ôأ
գܿʲôһ㣬ַ̫֮ĵӿ
һ̣ӵϣ覵һ
һжţ
ǰĴڣԼģԳѾȥĹʱ֮ڣ
ַֻ̫֮ĵһֱûбֵĵ̡
ַ̫ĵʼգʱ֮ǰĴڣǿ죬˭ֲö߹ޱȵķġ
ǰʱͣҲǲܵ飡



407 1

Сʱ֮ͻʱմѷܵӰͷ
ɳǰȥ
Ҫʮżص㡣
տ˳ʱ뷽ȿȦ崦ޡ
ֱΪ
ɳޣɭޣصޣޣޡ
Ȼ˳ʱ뿪Ԩ
ڰԨѪɫԨԨԨâԨ
껵ȦޣѿΪıҲѹһա
ΣյģȦԨϷУҲǿĸң˼ʮΣǿ
ıһҲûõ
˿̣ɳ
Ǵ˵еɳ޵飿
Ũ
̶ֳȵı²ѾԻΪĹֵˣ
ǰȭͷСȴɢ껶ɫŨŨıɫֱ䡣
Ĵڣɳޣ˵ޣʵԲǧһֲﶼûУĻɳûһ˿
ΪԲǧȡԼ
飬ѾȫŤˡٽһԻữΪ֮־󣬹ҲŤΪ״Ĺֵ
Կһ͸Ľᾧܡǧ֮ڶˡ
ץһЩ͸ᾧ־Ȼɳתģɳһ˿Ѿա˲仯Ϊǵķĩ
þ˵
ӶᣬԼһ˿һŹССı飬̺жǿ
̾š
Щȡ
ڳʹǲĶϵkǿĻָ̫ʼģһһΪӴСǿʱԼƻ޷ԵkγЧ˺
ƻû˼޸ǿء
漴뵽⡣飬ֱǳʹľ䡣ӵ⣬kĽٶȱضǰл̤Ҳ˵
飬⻹޷ϵ
ʧԿĻɳ֮أ̺֮еš
Ҫ˶ãͿԱɫ²ֲޱǿġ
漣ˡ
ǵǿԣ˶ݡ
ɭޣصޣޣޡ
ɭлһѾӵ˴ǳʶСȥһڹŤ֮£۳ԼķģΪֵ
ϧ껡
Ḷ̌ûκνȥĿˡ
һ۲껷ȻӵйͨأϵͨϢ޵мϵĹܡ
һźŻվ
ⶫ껾˹ֵϷеǸͨѶСãûΪֵⲻͿΪվʹˣ
סַģҮռ䣬д͵Ĺܡ
ͨѶƽ̨ǸƷƽ̨
ʱʱͣǰ499ʱ䣬Ծɿͨƽ̨ټΪƸľá
ΪĻУڻ¡
ѩ֮ǵʱ֮ݻΣ綼Ӳƿء
ʱͣิҲһ
ôһ룬껴ȤĥСĴǳ־ΪֲһöСʱӴ棬СֵѨԱߣбⶫ϶ɳĺѸ١
ʱݻⶫΪһ
Ȼ϶糾ʹòͬҲǺܴջˡ
ڵǵصޣֵõһ龧оֻԼ֮صоöͨо̫СҲû־ݻľҲô
һ൱ͨ壬ûκԡ
ֱͨҮռ䣬˸оȥˡͬԴͬ࣬ǸȤĺܡ
ôʱͨҮռȥ棬Ѿˡ
̰ԵӣڳԵڵĺܡ
˵߳īߺڣѵˣ
ƲƲ죬Լıʣе֪֮ġ
һ·˳˳ˮֻһСʱ䣬ͰѺ̺ıƵĺõ֡Ҳڵ㡣
⺣ƺĹ򣬱Ѩɺ󣬿Կһ޴ĺֵĴӳѨдû֮СܶϸС֧ҲѨ޴ҶС
̺СУʱһ޴ޱȣɢĺ
ţеȪЩˡ
ĵ˵ͷ
ԺֻҪڲԵĶ޴һ񻰴˵еǰڡ
źڵ򿪣ˣĵɫĳâ͸գʹĺԶԿ
ĸڵ㣬໥ѾֻҪٰ޴򿪣ͿԳѭĿ



408 2

ޡ
ѭżһ
Ҳص
Ϊ֮У޾ƣ֮Ҳ˺ܳʱҵλڡ
ĺɫ
Ȼ֮ͬأΪſԿ⻷Σճ̶ȣǰ漸޿ġ

˺ɫŨ֮С
һΣ껿νȫװֹ⻷չ⣬壬ʱ̾š
ĺɫܺ񣬴ʮ߹ҡ
ʹ껵ʵҲѸͻ롣

˿
ܻơԿֹ⻷ġ
Ԥһĵٶȣھ̵֮ò䣬ʱȥʵܵӰ졣
ɫ֪ʲôɣŹֵĺܡʱӹҪˡ
Ũȱܿһ޴ģƯеĵ졣
Լʮ๫ֱ
ƯŴСһʯһЩŹֵĲƽĴӵ
û
ڵϺ껾ͿһƵνֲͬһ㣬һĳ˳
ֻЩʮֲƣϵġ
ɢȻϢȴ㹻˸е־塣
ڰŤԼꡣ
ЩƵĽУܵһִ𣬴ֲΣ
Щʲô
üͷ
޵ӣҲ˼־衣
ֱ֮Уӽ˵֮󣬾һֱ޵ΣС
أҲС
ϾֻǸոսӽ޶ѡ
ͶӰУڵĽ󡣵ֻͶӰѣڣȴʵɵġ
һЩƵĽУЩصķţϸоһȴûκη֡
Щصķţһδ֪Ļϵ
δ
ЩƷǳʱؽͶӰۣޱȣȻһĴﳤ˳
һֲ
Ҳǲݻ֮һͬʱͣһ㣿
ܶණһ룬޽⡣
ϸ˼֡
ҪģĳȫеĲһһֻǵ޵ıȫԼˡ
ҡҡͷ
Ϊ޵һǿڻڵĹؼԲ衣
Ҫڻ崦Ԩڵ㣬뾭޲СԨδ֪Ŀ־壬طǱؾ֮·
ԣһ̶޵Σճ̶ȽӽԨԨһγ˹ѭͨ
ҲԨйأ
Щ̤Щ롣
ԽߣɫԽŨǲӰߡ
껵һοڻ
⡭ϻģ
üͷǰԶЩеȤ
ϻһֻ֮࣬ë䣬Ƥõ䣬ֻм֯¶⡣
ԵɺѪȡ
˿˿ĺɫԾɲϵڼϣ
ƺںɫʴأ³´л£еĵطԿ߹ǣɭɭ׹ǣ¶ɡ
Щһͫɫ죬۰״鲼Ѫ˿ݺצӱ䳤ӷǿкǿĹԡ
һĹޣӵиΪ͵ѪǿĹ
Ѫޡ
Ҫ껵Ŀ⣬ų
ЩһѾûκǣȫϵϢ
䣡
Щ컢ֱӳ˹ȴ˲䱻ֹ⻷ɱһա
ûʱ䣬ҲûǸȥЩһսֱŪͺˡ
оһЩΪʴ
һϢ껲׽
ţǡȾʴϢ
ֵ֮
ѵһͷֵԨйʴҲǲģ
ĿЩصĿ⴦յܿһֲֵֻɱļһ˵ʹڵǿҲҪСӦ
ɱЩͨıޡ
Ҫ뿪
ͻȻ
ǼصĹˡ
һֻͷ­Ȼ俪ѣľ޴롣
ͷ­һΪ
м仯Ϊһ޴津֣ҴֶˣĻμݡ
һεǿԵҺ壬ڴӶ¡
ڵϣ͵ĸʴ
ֲĸʴ
津֣˲ҧͷں߰Уȫ븹С
һ
ٴοʼ
ͷѵĲληľ޴ͬڿϵҶӡ
ͷƺʲôطĿ¼һ֮ǰıײС
۾ɫٶѾ쵽ͨ޷ƶ
࣡
Ȯŭ𣬷޴Ĺ
Ʒӵ
ǵصϮ
ͨҵĹֵ
һ
ɫ˲仯
ʲôʴȣĹֵ֮й֮޲
һ˲һֻ˵ز
ңʴôһֳļʴ
ѵƺɫһּĹֵ
ɲ̫



409 ռ

ֵϷУҲֻĴ˵
ȾԣģҪֲģȻֲ취ӡֻҪҵӦģѡ
Ǽȴͬ
ֶѴΪ֪ı嵽ʲô
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Ϊˣ޵ʱ붼û룬ݺݵһ
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410 1

ѾԶ껣һݡ
Ѿˡ
ЩɫĳӾȻǿ󣬽֮ڱ㳹ɱһֵֻ̹ͨı
˵Ҳ׵ĻƬӵиǿĻص
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صĸоԣͬħһ㣬ĴɫĹ档
ĸоûκηӦ
üͷ˺˼˿Լ˫֣ٿǰĹһʱžԡ



411 ʱմѭ˹

ɫĹɫɫ
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ΪûԤ֪Լ׺ʱеġ
ȻֻҪУͺ뿪
Ϸ֮ед˵ǿԽʱմѭǿлʱմѭĻνṹ
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ʱմѭڣܿ޵Ŀ֮أϷеʱձҲš
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Ȼʮа˾ţҲ޷ǿƿʱմѭɲǼ򵥵⡣Σյȼǳĸߡ
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رۣ֮ѹƣʱ֮



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⴦ʱմѭͳ˹ֵϷкڣȽҪĴ͸ǹֵϷĸ忪ʼսǿգصڡ
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⼸֣һֱΪ񣬶Ȼ



412 ڤ֮

ڤ֮ţ
ĸѪۣܵ
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ⶫѵԼڤٵļγɵ
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Ĺ־Ŵľ޴ɫ籩һЩֱӽٵԼļſڣһʱɫȿ޻ѿ
ôļֱԤıĶ
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ѭ֮Ա֮ΪԨʵֻΪǵΣճ̶ȣԼߡԨ֣ٷ֮ء
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414 ǰδ

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415 ѷͽ

κźȻըѣ
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417 һ1

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ڣδȥͳһҡȥڣδңʯӵϵĿռʱԡںʯ𽥳ȡһʱռһ֮Ϊ֮·»
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ļѿǺˡ


ԭҲǡԭҲǰ
ﻺطŴԼЦ˺ȻǰĴЦš
ðֹͣ
ܺãܺã
˾ѪҺ
ҵ㣬һһġ



418 һ2

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ͳεĽԭ޵İ˹ɽΪ㣬˽޴½ǻǧ֣ǻǧǧ
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ͳεѩ֮ΪģųĿ֮Ϊǵ
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ͳεĽѪʵЩ緶Χһ칬ʼ꣩Ϊ֮أŷ޷ȥ
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Ѫʼ棬Ѫʵ˿
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ͳѪ壬ŵ۹ΪѪȡѪѪµΪʵһ֮£֮ϵĴڡ
޿ɽĿΨһѹͷĴϣ
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ųƵϵ飡
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ͷ֪ʱѪɫѾڵʱӵһ˿ԡ
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ʱռ䣬ʹ˶



419 Ļ֮ս1

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ӳһ𣬾Ԥʾһ㣬ޡ
˿һֱΪԼһͷ߲ҲȲ
ֻͬΪŮԵλصģʱӵ۹Ĵ˾򣬲ǿԵȡ
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ϲ˳ƺΪһĺڻʵ֣
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֪䲻Ѫʵ۵ĳƺ
ͼЦţһĿ⣬Ŀ˿ðŰĿ⿴ǰ޴Ѫɫײġ

һЩһҪʢ磬ĵһȣ
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Ĵ۹ĸ߲㣿֮ᣬʱӵ۹˾
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ѵЩ֮״Ĺ־
뵽˿Ͱͼһۣж˿˿ء
־ɶǺദģΪ۹ĻʵۣһЩǿĽ֮ǰҲ
ǼպĽΣճ̶ȣֱ׷ֱΣգ



420 Ļ֮ս2

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ΰʱӵ۹ף˾ˣҸһ仰
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սҪʼˣһγʸ񣬽Ļʽ

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ںʲôսҲںֻøǿ׷ǸಽӰ


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ȴ֣֮Ծûзƺڵĳλǰ
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421 Ļ֮ս3

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Ƕǰ޴Ĺ׹ѪҺ֮ϵײģĬȻ
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ȴϢ˵ʵλڵ̫ˡڲҲ۹ʱ²ǿܺλйءҲв²⣬Զʱ֮ӣʮа˾Ÿλйء
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422 Ļ֮ս4

ս׵ıˡ
˭Ҳ֪ΪʲôһֻĻڲһ㣬һ˲綼޾ս֮С
һϯ壬ǹ־״֮ǻ壬߱ȵȣС
սϢʼӣѪĻҿʼ紫ݣһʱ䣬ɱ¾ɱս뷴ڰ붷һеһУֵϢνзӯ죡
˭Ҳ֪սΪγɵġ
Ǹ壬Ĺ־ε⣬Ҳû˿ֵ֡ôףĳЩԤԵ޷ⶨ
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ֻǣҪ֮λû˼СֻңһЩϿֲļһѾڴС
޾Ѫ⣬޴۾΢΢ڳڶڣԳĬһƬš
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Ӻ󣬲޾Ѫٴλ
ֻһ΢΢Ŀգһ֮kѾƲסԼˡʹҳ֡kҲϾ˼Ҫһĳޣһ㣡

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ⳡϯĹսͻȻֺ󣬲ЩʧصļЩıļһԤ⡣
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ųƣܹĿֲ˻;Ұе˵һֻ֮Ĺޣе˵֮Ӵ֮ն䣬Ϊ˸ֲģûǵа
Щ״Ĺ־ǣ׷׾ԽĸеⳡսѾʧصıԵش֮еĺܶڣòľս֮С
һУھʱ֮ͳεʱ200ĩҲԪ362ףΪһ£˻ȫʧصԨ
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γɵĸ־ǣʱӵ۹պմʱӣ۹ͱȽרһʱӵ۹֪ڰʱӵ۹ȴҲӶרһĺܣ
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һһһӣһöɫĹȻ֡ƺʱҲпռʱơֵȵȵۡ
ַ̫ĵ֮Ҳ֡
ԿöŸĲϲ䣬Ϊһģ⾧壡



423 1

ĹŸļ룬ڲϵĸıԼʡ
ַ̫ĺ־ƬΪ˹磬ʱĺΪѪҺȺͿȣ֮ʱ֮ռ֮ԴȪĴʡ
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˵ףǲżģһر֮أֹʵʵ鳡
濴˺ܶʵݣŤŤ־ŤĲ״֮Ƿͨ磬ν֮ʱУǷĴֹļȵȡ
Ȼ֪ܶʶͽɵʵ飬ѾƲҲջࡣԼ֮ĵ·˸Ľҡ
ʵ֮أҲ֪˭ɣԲʮѵǵżǸһ
껲ûʵ֮ؿʮټܶڵkļһ˵ż¼Ϣû˿ã˼ڡ
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ȻҲһЩʵ¼ϢУһЩʱմѷļء
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ԽʱΣվԽ࣬Ҳֻڱǻԣʲôڣܹʱգͨʱյԭĩˣǲ顣
껲֪ԭĩʲôܹһģֻɣ
¼ϢҲʱմѷ֮ǰֻʱմѷ֮֮ϣֱ˸߼ĴڣǾ
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Գ֮ΪλʲôģõȻôһ㡣
Խ߾ۣ֮껾ԽӵĿ磬ȡ򣬱縴ݻȵȣЩԺ
ȻҪγҲǳѡ
Ҫķһʱ
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ⶫ󻧡˾ҵʱǨ޷ĻͶСҪҰһ
ԣƺ˼һ㣬΢΢ţҲǳļУҪ׼֮С
껿˿еĹֿ˿ǰľ޴ɳ̣ڰ֮ҲҪγʱ䣬Ļɫֹ⻷ѾȾ˺ɫ
ʱӹ壬ļ޴Ҳѿĵһڣɡ
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ʱӵΣֵĽ٣ĻʵվսսĻ˱ܣĵս˽400磬Ҳĵǰ䡣
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424 2

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ĺѩ̾¼Σֻ֮仨ǧأȻδԸ֮

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߶ϵĿ֣˿һʱĬ֡
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أôضڵĺۼյ۹ڵĴ½ͲֹһηֹλΰµĶ˵ʵգѪ£ʱ֣ҸţλΪûκţߵϹŻʱڵ𣬲飡
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ͬһһ㣬۳һž˵ԴȪһһɢ֮䣬һȻͬʱܡ
ʱһ鶼еѹֵϢǻԴȪи֡ۼֻ֮ĹһޱȵĶ

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425 ˼Ӧ

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˫嫵ϢŤ־֮𵴣һ̣ʱռ䣬أһеһУԨ֮С
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ʱ֮ٵʱֲԵ״̬ҲԽԣ
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һöӨ͸ľ壬֮Դʱ֮ռǳʼһеһУֶ
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˺Ȼʧ



426 ʱǽ֣ʮг


˺Ȼʧ
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˶ܸܵǿ󣬿һ˲䣬񿴵ռ

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ҡĻʡпܳΪĻʵļʸһ㣬ϾΪԭǻ壬ʱΪ۳Ķʲ䵽У
ɣ䵽˭УֻҪλߣٺ磬;Բٴʱ֮Уһ㣬Ĵ־Ҳͬ⣡
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438 ֱ֮ա3
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439 ֱ֮ա4

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440 ֱ֮ա5

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ŤĿռ֮类ֽţƺѷ졣
ɫɫЯΪһŷԲʮľ޴Ģƣؼ
ÿֲĹ
ǿ
ɽ޵
Ⱥ˵Ҫˡ
һֱֻ̣ɽ޹ˣܹף⵽һֺεȾĳ
ڣһ
񶼵һ
Ĺɨգһ·ͽ磬˳Ǿ޴ȱڣݺݵײ֮С
ˣ
˶оǰһף¹ۿɫ鼮Ҳˣ޾İ׹⣬޾ĺڰ֮С
Ҫ
ûϣ
񶼳׻
001ǣҲ޷ֿɽ޳ǣİȫѵֻܵȴһ;
ۿһĻˣеıʹ޷ơ
ϣڣ
ǵƤ
Ȼ⹥
ѵ֪˭ϳ𣿡
ͻȻһŮ޾İ׹֮и֡
һ̣ˣԶԶ۲Щ־ǣͨɫ鼮ۿ飬ȫ¶˾ɫ
ֻǾβͷųľ޴׹⣬һֻϸ֣£߬һ
һİ׹⣬ֻУΪһССİ
ۡ
һ
鿪
һλ쳣Ĳ˼֮ŮӣлĸֳΡ
żһĳۣһöʱӣ󾲾વʱתϵ
Ů¶
֮УӰ𽥳֣ģ֮ޡ
ÿһöӰϣ·ϣֱšÿӰУһöСʱӡ
Ůһӣ
޴İ׹ӵص֮ϣԶ䱸ͷɽޣŮһЦ
εʱӵ۹֮
ڶ䣡
ʲô
ǿûйʱӵ۹
β㣬һһ˵ƺʮּɵߣ֮ǰǲ񹥻ӣѾȫʧ
ʱӵ۹
սֵĴ۹֮һ
ǻ壿
ǻ֮һ
ٴ֮С
ǲǣʱӵ۹ˣҪʲô
ࣿ
ⲻܣ



443 īǳ1
ʱӵ۹֮
ڶ䣡
Ҳŵ۹ĵڶˡڵĴ˾ʧ֮ʱӵ۹ͳ۹֮á
﷽Բ飬ġ
ݴ˵ͳεʱӵ۹뵱˾ΪȫͬӵĲбҲӵĲ̡
⣬ţڶСͲΪսƷ
ڣѹȫƾʵ˵ʱӵ۹һҪʵҪĿֲڡ
Ĵ۹ϵҲʮֵĽš۹Ͳ磬յ۹˵һ㣬ΪԶĪ̫ңԶˡ
ʱӵ۹֮ڣλ۹ߣҲĪ⣬ϲŭ޳û֪ЩʲôҲû֪жٸݡ
˵ʮ֣ӵǧٹֵ壬пʶһֲķԼһˣᷢ־ȻҲ
ԣʱӵ۹ڲλбļٲͬҲ˸Ҳ뷴
ҷģĲˡ
ȫ綼ߺͷ
˿
֮У޴
ʲô
֪ηѵ֪λϳ𣿡
һ㣬һᱻλŭǣ
ԡ
֮ϣһϸȣ΢΢ǰ㣬ۣһһٵ˵ԣҪô
Ҫôɣ
仰£ڶĳĬӰǰһͷƤϢŤ֮ʱӵĵδ˲ɢ
㡭
βݺݵĶλʱӵ۹סŭڣȴЩɵ
ߣ
뿪⣡
㿴ɫ䣬̲ס˸¡
ֱкһ˲գʧˡ
βˣֻаһث֣ȴ·ֺһ뿪ˡ
ı岢ûҲûʲôãոҲֻǷߺ֮¹񶼰ˡ
͸һ㣬ûʲôںġʹˣҲν
˵һĳλѣǱԼˣɾ˲ˡ
׻˭ϳأ
֮ʣβ⡣֮ʱͷһ񶼣㱼䣬ƺһ޴βͣ޾ңԶĹȥ貹Եδ
޴ͷ­Ǹĵֱ̣ɽ塣
ǡ
֮
գ
Բۣ
ռн˾βľһ̣߱ԱʱٶȣƨӴܿ
ôģôǲ֮ϳ֪λģһٸӣҲҹ
ôô
ģôֻ꣡
ݣ㣬˵һԣ
Ծԣ
ߵУɢ
ߣƣ

Ҳ֪һζҪϲͷС
΢Щź
˵ʵɽζĲʵҪͷɽҲһЩѵġ
ܳɳزıޣǼ򵥵Ľɫ
;β㣬ӺܾԶʱһֱڵļһ
ʵȲ˵ܵı£ֱʤ
ˣûˡ
ҲλԸˡ
֮飬ˡ
Ϲ壬ձһЩȻʱӵ۹ɲҪ
Ǳߣͷֿʼơʼ棬ߺߣΪܳΪһֱۣΡ
ͷ۹Сˣ˿ġҪҡ
ÿ·࣬˰֣ڷԸӰ֮䣬ʧ
˶ĳ˿
ƺһΣʹɢȥĵһǣסˡ
Ȼ
˭Ҳ֣һЩĶѾô˻ᣬ˾޴񶼽֮С
ʱ䣬֣
Ϲ壿
ߺߣȻ̺ءѾо˵ص״ĳصżһΣҾԡ
ĳֵ֮УһѾҪ⣬һö۾ݺݵĿȥʱӵ۹ˣ˵£Ӱ
ģս
ȫƭ֡
֮а
λ˺ȨһҪ㾾Ƥ
һˮУһճճģͬһҺ壬˶񶾵䡣
˿̣ʱѾ
³еѪ»ա
һƬѪ״̬֮УϿգһڰص㣬߰ߵĺɫʣ𽥵Ĵ
Ǵ˵еż֮أ̺ŵߵأһЩʵ顣˽ҵ顭ֻϧӴ֮ʧˣĻҲڸ˱
߲ĺɫʣ۳һźӰȻҹݺȻҲûڵս֮С
֮ҹݺ̲סеŭԹ
ǼһֱǸӻеĳӻӻеĳս
˲
ҪҹݺƲܵĿ죬ô֮ˡ



444 īǳ2


֮
껾ؿǰľ޴Ĺ
˿̣޴ķĹ˲١ԲʮķΧϢ֡
ݲ
ҲȾɺɫʬ
˿̣޴ķĹѾмѿҺ壬ŻƺɫϵĴӿ
ڷĹһ࣬γһĺ
Դһ˿˿İϵɢˡ
ܱѾɫֹëȻĸо
֪ǷǴٴοĹһԼδ֮صĴ
ϾһֱĹ͹ײĴ򽻵ڿĹֱ̬һд
ģ
ľˣӶӲˡ
ⶼʲô߰ĸо
ҡҡͷֹĸоĵٴο˴Ĺ
˿̵ʵ֮ǰ֮ûпģҲ޷Ĺһ̶ܹз֡
ܿ죬һЩµĶ󣬾Ĺ۲֮£¶Ρ
껲˴ĹѿˣڵʱգҲѿ˾޴ѷ졣ѷһֱ쵽Ĺڲ޾ʱ
ȻڲʱҲѿˣ
еżʱմѷ졣
ʱѷ죬оıԵɢɫĹֹ½룬߲أͺзϵɫһ㡣
ƺ̺żµ֮
ֻǲżڲʱմѷ죬Ĺʱѷ첢ûֲֿҲûνļӽ磡
ԣĺڰ
ͻȻɫһ飬ڷĹڲʱѷУ˷ǳĶ
һϸ΢ģɲĺڰ֮Ŀռ򣬵ʲôڰ֮һһ

ѵͷڰ֮֮أkĹиˣȻƬڰռ䣿
ɫ˺ڰռ֮УǾ޴ѷޱȵĺڰ֮һĶȻ
Ǻڰ֮ķĹɾʹˡ磬ܿѾЩ֮⣬ڹϸܵЩֲһпܽС
kĺ԰û׼ѾǧٿףѾ©ٳ
ԣ
ʱͳΣôǿļһ޷֡
ôֻһЩС𣿡
Ǻڰռ⣿֣ǡ
ֲЩܳ
껲²⣬ЩܿǱĹļһżġŲò뿪Լϳʵ硣
룬ľ̽ȥȴָոսӽʱѷıԵ㱻ˡ޷̽⡣
ǿҲ޼¡
ңأ̽⣬һɹĪԲĲѿķĹɢֲʲôһ˿Ⱦ֮ڹֵȴֲͬ
˼жܳˣǡ
ҽȥأ
껵°ͣ˼
϶ȥģɵϲŻȥأѿķĹһͲʲôöڵʵʱѷоľ
ͬĲż֮һ㡣
Щط̺̫ء
˵ֵϷʮżżʱմѭ˹ԼҲֻûмǴĻֵϷУ⼸պż
ԴȪħԼк͵Ӱ֮ء
껰ĥš
ԴȪӦʵλò֪ħħҲ껱ȽϼɻȥħԭħǵطϷжأʵоԺò˶١
ħȻҲĵڶǣ漰ħҲȥ̽
к͵Ӱ֮أǰ߾껵ŪǸĵĴУδ֪УҲǷǵطԣ˸ССʵ飬ȴû뵽ֱӳһ̯ӣһʰ
гֺ󣬸޷ƣֻ֮֮ʱգѾչ˿ֲĵز
żʱմѭӰ֮أԴȪħУֻ֪żϷУżҲûСһ޴ķĹʮż֮һ𣿡
δ֪ĻԴȪǵӰ֮أ߸ɴδֵ֪
㻳ɲûԭģϾ⴦Ĺ̫Σˡ漰ʼʵۣ츣ޱȵȵȣڸǷƺڰ֮Ĵںۼ
˵޴Ĺʮż֮һԼš
ȵȣ˵Ϸлʲôصĵص㡭
ͻȻɫһæԼ֪ʶϵѸٵķƬ̺һϢǰ
һμ¼ŵϷеҥϢġ
ĵ
֮
ഫһλߣǰڴǩԼһգkйȻԣǧһζԼΪĵɴ˶
Ϊ̿δ֪
ֻǩԼߣſ򿪻ĵá
Լ
ĵã
ͻȻ뵽ԼͷƤֽУλǳϲ֮УǩԼ


445 ʹ1

ǰһĻͻȻЩԥԺе˼ͬ籩һѸת
ԣĹϷд˵еĻãɾʹȥˡ漰⣬ֻ˭оԶʱλǩԼȥߡ
ǩԼȥߣǺǺڰ֮йأδ߹ȥʱ֮йأ
껳˼
޴ķĹУ̵̺أʣ̫ӡҲСⶫ껱취㵽֣Բ
ϾЩӡǺһܻܿҵöѾʧٵ̫ġöĵǿ̶ȣڴ˵У
kǲܷŹġ
ֻǣҪȥ
̫Σգ룬˵׼ĳЩһȦסĪ⣬νעӵ۾
Щɣ󲻶ʱ
ͻȻ
k͵̧ͷĿԶƺ͸޾գ˼Զ֮أһƮŰѩΨУİ׹⣬ƺƵɢ
жڴkע⣿
˼Щ԰Сô̲ס𣿡
Ϊʱ֮֮Ѿţ
ɫ䣬ЦһȻʧ
ڵkʧúѿĴĹУĶƺʲôģһ޵̾Ϣૡ

ʱǰһСΡ
ѩ֮ѩǡ
ˣƮƮѩ֮Уѹ
ͬһѩе࣬һʼҲЩңΪͻȻ˵İ硣
ǣܿеˣȫ
һе࣬ȻͬΪӵӵйͬĹǡ
εĽڣˡ
ʥߣڵϵ飡

֮ǰ
³С
λεĽڣԺлһƬ貵Ľ֮УܵʱգԼƺѾסһ㡣
̣ƹ⣬һеһУˡ
Ȼ͵֮£ûüӦһжѾʧ
ڣ
ʧ
ĴϢԺ۽ǵ⣬ƺܿǻʧĽ⣬ԼԺôҲĨӰ
ˡ塭С
šʲôѵ񼣣
ͻȻߵ̣һг˲ŵɫ
λ̣鼮ϸѰһνڵʧ֮գԺҲϵĴ
ȴû뵽һ̧ͷͿ۽һĨڻ谵ĵƹ£ԭֳɫëƤĽڣ֪ʱеĽɫëƤѾΪһö׵
Ǻεȵʥ࣬ĪϵϢʥƹһ֮ԭʼ
񿴵ڤڤе
ң𾪵ǡ
İɫâҫ£ԭͷ׵ĽڣۿɼٶȣϵĻָᣬͺʱ⵹һ㡣
׷˿ʧԭΪ۶΢Щ͵壬ҲһͦΡ
ʮ
ʮ
ʮ
ʮ꣡
գڵ󣬶ʮ۷״̬ͬһʱ䣬һſ׵ģ͸ĽҲһͬ֡
ĽڳۣΪ쳣ʲô·Լͬʱָһǡ
ڽڵĶͷһö޵Ľӡǣƺһʥĳ
ʹ
У̲סðĸֻ֡Ǵ˵еʹŻ˵ϢŻ˵ľ޴𺳡
Żʱ⵹
ֻʹӣΰʹܹ顣
񼣣񼣰
ڣڣеġ
λ̣Ҳֲסͨһ£˵ϡ
Ȼʧ
ֳ֮񼣣ֳǵĻгֹΡ
˭֪ҲֻǻˡǳļᶨҲδ񼣽١
ǲʵ
Ҳѧ
ȻڣѰǰνʧٵ֮ʱȴͻȻˡ
ٵνϣ
Ϊ֮𶯵ʱҲ˶ʼɣĽӿͷͬζƿһ㡣
Ϊʲôң
ΪʲôһȡεĽλã˵ڻ񼣵ľˣ
˶ĿȵĿŽеöëľ޴е˼ֱ޷
ڵȴڵȴڸһȷϢ
ƺΪʥߣΪڳ֮Ĵߡ
ڴ˿Ҳİеļϲɫһ˿Զѧϰ̬
ͬʱҲöë뻳Сûش˵⣬˵Ҫĳƺ
Ȼʥ֣ɫֱ䡣
Ľʼɺ޵ı飬˿˿ڵɫϡ
֣ѾԶˡ
ǶʼɣĽλԳʥߵĽڣѽ׵ë뻳УеĲʣ޷ơ
ôģΪʲôҰ
仰һδӼŭ
ֻ˭Ҳ˵ˡ
ʥߵϣݴ



446 ʹ2

Ϊʥߣ
޹©գ⣬ڵϻΪ顣
ʥߣΪ֮ߡһ˵Ҳߵķ
ʥߵϲݴΪͬ
ԣΪʷһӴĽڣԳΪʥߣҲ޲ɡ
û˸뷴ԡ
ûλڱǶԾ޴
Ȩѹһеʵ
֮ҽνڣרְʥְǻһ°ɣ˭νڡ
ҽ䣬Ϊٹ⡣
λڣŹڵϵļλǣеõ⼸޷ݡ
ֻ뱣̬һŬѧϰƮ죬Զϣȴϵ
̬Ҳʮֳ㡣
⣬ܸоԼһҲӷԼʥߵݡұҲ΢΢£һ˿նȷʵôһ˿ˡ
һ̣оȨ䵭˺ܶ࣬˵ʧˡ
ҪֶλõĽڵλһҲء
оԼˣ
壬Ϊͬڣͬеĵز
ʥߣ
ǳԽߣеĶѾΧ
ڣǶȥ
ǰǰڣȫߣҪ
ɡ
ܰ
λ̣ԣĵĶһۣڵϣڽڽ£ʹ
һЩûץס˽ڵۣһ߲ᣬһŬĺİɫƺоҲ˼Ƶġ
ջ񼣣ôߣ
˵ˣûУ
ܣ
ģϼһﵹǵˣ͸أЩ̣ҿһӣһëûлá
ƾʲô
³ˮҪ߼ֱ롣
˵ò׿񼣣ˣ񼣵Ĺʵ²Ǽɵˣ
Ȼٵ˴Ǿ˵зݡֻһˣҲֻΪǽڶѡ˵ڳļǣķף˭Ҳ˭͡
˿
ʹļλ̣̥һĿģλҪжοԣҪҲԣôһЩġ
Ļ޿ߡ
⼸λ̣˭˼νλˡ
Ц񶼳ˣʥ߽١˭ںĽλãһŶֻϵˣ֮ǰҲǸԼԼĵؿ顣
ڵλҪ
أЩһﻹֵܷġ
ŲϿļλ̣νǳ鴤һ£ͷĺߡ
ôģ޾ͿޣҪ·ϲʲôģ·ǸγɵģӶ֪ûеڶˡŪˣ˭˵ȥ
νڿŹڵ˺Լ۵һλ̣ɫİ·˳

ץֻͦҪҶ˵㣬Ҳ֮ҵ˶ٱ
۱Կһ˿˿ˮλ̵ߣҲһЩ
̣
νڣ
Բۣôĸ죡
ȵȣ㣬Բۣ
ôɣӻʹëҲҿӣСӵţ֮취Ѿġ
ûüλ̷ŭνھͷһԼԭϵ̣۹ⲻǵĿԼеʹë
λνڵе㣬˭˭һӣͰλĺѣǺˡ
˺ˣ
ǵѾס
Щ£Ժ˵
νڰ˰֣΢΢һ÷縡֣ѹڵϵļˣȫ

صʹ
ļˣ۾һԸеĿ⣬νڵİɫһó
ҲҪ
ʹ񼣡ֻҪŬ̷һգҲԻ񼣵ġ
νڰοЩһˣֲֲܴͽô죿
ȻԼλ̲̫νڵĻνһգ²ǵȵҲȲһա
νڳƬ̣°ѻеĽë˳Ŀ˵˵ĶʵȻ٣Ȼֻһ˼ҲֻΪҵϡ
ֻҪŬ̷пٴμġңǿ֪ܲ뿪֮ʣһʥ

ν˶١
֪˼æʵʥǡ
ʹ̷֮ߵʹ֮ͬ飡
νһһٵ˵
뿪֪֮佫Ҫдѽ٣ѽ֮ʣҪʥٻڡ
ֻλȻ̧ͷƺԶͬʱͨУӵĽŲ𣬻ֲǾֵĺ
ͬʱһƿնԼһ飬һ
Կ
ȫѩ֮ǡ
¼һеĽɫ鼮ѩγɣ˶ģǾ޴ޱȵĺ屾壡
Ȼٵ˴˵ء
µʱʹĻ



447 ֮񡤹â1

ѩ
ȺӵţλεĽڣľ
òʹһʥޱȵĳۣһоǴԵֱ䷢ڰ֮ʣλ֮ˣ񼣣Ϊʥߣ䡣
ǰѽҵ˵³ֹ󣬻֮ٽɫ鼮֮ϹۿսһǶ񼣼ޱȡ
˿̣ѩе࣬ҵĹһ㣬һĽڣڵʥߣڵȴ
ʱ֮񣡡
Ҳ
ΰ£񼣣ǧ¡ǲ٣ΰĵk类˾
Ҳˣλ֣Ѫ£աȻ󣬶Ϊ˿ֲа޷Բ޷ϵǡ
ڻܣĵͳɤǼף쳣
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Ϊս֮УλҲΪǽٵϵ񼣣Ҳλ¡
ǵãʱӵĵδڶ졣ı仯ϻͯϵָȵȣ޲˵ʱ֮
缶֮Уΰ
νڵĻ£ܶʹǧˣһֱδ¶񼣣Ҳһֱδȷݡ
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Ҿ˵ʱ֮ݻǵȻҲλ¡
ǰ飬޾ΰĵkôܲλأ
񰡣ԭһֱ֪䣬ԭҸղսֱ֮գ

ܶܶˣһ̣оԼľõ
õ˽š
ƺعߡ
ѩ֮ǣ˲ԭǿֲսǻǣһľսˣʼʼȸԾ
Ȼʱ֮Ѿ䣬ˣ˭ҲôΰƵʹʧkѾڤڤеУȰĹۿkӰ硣
ۿǻ飬ۿ࣬ۿѩе
һ̣ѩеļΪʵʡѩ
˵Ĵ⣬һ˿ʡһΪ껶͵ɫ俪
һ̣kоԼķĿռе֮⾫һУȼţз֮ܳԴһϸ΢ٶȣ
ǵһΣ֮Դڳɳ
ѿ
֮ĹҫķŵĺڰУΪһ㲻
ڰУԽԽ𽥱֣֮ΪԼõ̡
ڣģһҪΪ½
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عֻصشСֻһʱҲû̫ʱȥ顣Щشеȥ̽ɣĿռЩĶҲӲ껵ġ
ǡ
ȻԽǻ塣һΪߣİֱ̫ˡ
ѩ֮ⲽȻ߶ˡһЩļһҴע⡣
ԣǵĿӦǡ
ѾѩǸ껣ɨһߣ㲻ٹעĿѩǵĲԶ֮С
һ貵Ľ⣬ͬһһ㣬ڹĲϣ¶֮С
һȼ飬޷
ǽ֮У޴İɫӰ΢΢£֮䣬һʥĹ֮ϵ
kĹľǹ֮Ĺ
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449 ̫ʼ֮1
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450 ̫ʼ֮2

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籾Ѿ׼ˡ
Ϳ˭͡ЩЩС󡭡ô꣬ҵҪǵҪʲô
ΪҵǵټѯǵĿģҿһͼ䣬Լ趨Ǹ顭
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Ļᣬֱ죬ʴȵȣԻΪѪЩĴڡ
ȻռĿ̤ʮ֮һϾռĳ;
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ҲһԱԼͥ룬һӶܲһεļá
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㲻һﱿʡĺܶࡣ



459 а2
ʮ˵İ༶ʦٴε˵ͷ
ڣǳƺΪСҵ֣ϣÿ˶ܰȫʱһһһǡ
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ⶫֻǽʣǳ׶žܷ񿸹ȫ־˵кܴһֵߣԶغ͹˫ѹµġ
ʹѧԺҲֻѧԺĶ֮һ֮һʮ֮һĳ̶ȡʿ˵Ѿǻ֮ǳ͵Ľ׶Ρ
ԣڣҽеֵģȡǵƷȻϣһƷԶʹá
ͰɣԼҪǵǵĸĸҪǵ࣬ҲҪǵ
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һģѧԺǧֻ顣

֮У껵Ŀ⣬ѾӰתƿĿ⣬ɨ˴ǽıԵһصʱ֮С
һž޴ĺڰʣͬһ㻺š
ʱյĳֲ˼ķʽԶǽ磬ȥķȻǻ֮ǵķλ
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Щ飬ڲ߻ʲôء
ҪôҲãóô˻ᣬǣ״֮ͨţ
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460 ƬС1
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ԣʱ֮γɵľ޴ǽ磬ѾˣǵȻۼ֮ء
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ԿԿɣ¶ۣұۣӵĴ׳һһĻ档
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ǱΪλʱһɹɣͺܿñγͳϣΪѪ֮ǿĴѪ
ҲǴ󲿷׷ġ
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461 ƬС2
ڸɣһﵨҲġ
һ˵Ǹڰںϵıһķ󣬱٣ƺԼһֱ١
ΪԼʴʧصļʣΪȻһֱ٣Ѹ٣ͳϣѪҲǿһһֱ٣ʹߵʴٶȣǿ󡢳ɼαġ
Ժ˻ߵһĵ·󲿷ֶѡ׵Ķֱ໥ںϡ
ȻϹںϣǻıںͼס
νıںͼףǼֱںϣԼںϷʽںЧȵȡ
ڱȽеģ֪Ļͼס淨ʦ
淨ʦһԵıһЩʺ;壬һԴܱ٣һѪɡ
ĺõĻͼףҲǻ淨ʦǿͳϳȻѪȻǺܵ͵ȵĻѪںܶ壬ҲǿɼĴˡ
ңΪͼףǻȡϣ˵һЩЩıͼף紫˵еɽͼףҪ֪˼򱶡
ɽͼףʼҪ󣬿Ҫɽ֯ġ
ʵɵʮУҲɸͼ׺ѧ֪ʶɡֻһףҸǿ󣬿һΪ顣
ֻʮиѵãҪȡ졣ʹ֪ʮϢģҲҴţ⴩ʮлʽҲͼȫͬһ㡣
ͼףҪѧ֪ʶȷе˵ÿһ߽֮·˵Ϥһ֪ʶ㡣
ûкһͼף֪ЩΪͼ׼ݹߵһ
֮ǵѧԺṩһЩԼѧԺɫͼס
֮ѧԺṩͼףͰ淨ʦ潣ʿˮԪȵȡ
ڸɣȻһֱһֱ٣Ҳ֪ôȥıʴ
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463 ǽ֮Ŀ2
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464 ֵϢ1

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465 ֵϢ2
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Уֽܾʮֹ죬ʵǣⶫУûʲôġŻˣȣĳЩǿĹӶǡ



466 ֵټ1
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ð羪ֵǣЩֽˣһŤΪڷţӡǣ·֮Ķ鼮ڡ
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һоҪޱߵԨǿֲҪ񣬷衣

鲻ԽĽۿǰĸɣˣϣԼĽע⣬ֵǣоԼǴ˿̵Լȴޱ飬ôĸŶûһķӦ
ϻһ˿˿ŹֵЦݡ
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һ̣ˣԼѧԱƺҲˡǵϿʼԼһһĹŹЦݡ
ϧ޷ʾ



467 ֵټ2
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ƺ뵽ʲôһһһһŽɫѪɫ鼮ĻС
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˵ЩһǵʲôöǽԵĺڰԴȪֵʲôأھͰҪΪ˴ͨš
һֻһ޴ģΪ001Ľɫ鼮һ̧ͷգkĿ⣬ƺԽʱգǽԵ֮أǻ޵ĺڰԴȪ
˿̵ƺʵԶȴܽʱܹͻһĤС
йĿ⣬ǿͶĿ⡣
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ʱ֮ӣڴ˽١µʱ˳Ļ
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ƺڻش֮ǰ⣬Ҳƺ

˿ǽǹĺڰԴȪְĿ⴦ŹֵլԺ֮С
¶һ˿Źֵɫ
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ԾɱʱͣСֻһƹֵ֮ѾȾɱЩǿ̫ˡ
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ⶫϡеĺܣȫĹֵҲûж١֪ʲôأ
촽kоеˡ
˵ǰƺѪСֻŮЩСһټֵǻ۵ʵ飬ƺҲ׽Чжķƺ
ձȻһ·ߣ㶡
˿磬ֿ˿ѪЩСһǰ·ͼ
ϵɫԽĹŹ
ǡᵽ˰Լζ
˼ʷԵشײ
οˣ



468 кӾͳԵ

ֵһֱصĴڡ
۳ڹڵ漣
ǸһĹ죬ԶԶĲ̺ͬżµŤ򣬻ĪֵǣһУǷġ
ֶڵʵҲԾɸ㲻⵽ʲô
²⣬ӦǼµĹ֮ǹĽһ֮嵽ôγɵģд̽
ڷֶʵ飬˷Ŀռ䣬ڰѰЩ֮⣬ıСֻѪŮԼЩ
λʱͣǵķӡҲѾߵʵ϶绹ڳ˯Ŀ³ҲС
ֻǰѹ˷ĵϮȾkҪ˷ĵѹƿƺ⼸һֵֻ߳εȲͬĵ·
kûѡ⼸һ棬ʱգиߵĲΣķ棬ҪȥԹ۲졣ͬػߣҪܶܶÿ카Ķǡ
֮·̽ҲǣľġˡҲֻ黳֮аˡ
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ȻעȲ٣Ͼ˵ǸֵϷ磬һеⶼΧŹֵ
ֵ⣬ͬʱΪǿĹֵһСǵҲ֮С
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ֵֵ
ϷϷΪģ棬磬㵽Ҫʲôأ
Щؼһ˵ĻǸʵ
һֻûķ֣˳˼


һ޴ɽȣ磬Χɭ죬׹̳ɵĴ֣һѪӴɽ
ѹֵϢͬһƬ֮أûκڽӽ
ֻԵѻڰ׹ǴֵıԵżͳ˻мŪͨͬŮӿһ㣬˹ɫʡ
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һһĴ磬绨һȹӣϣͷϣĴǻꡣ
ǱȽϹǣЩƺѪҺɺޱȣϸȥҪֶ䣬Ĩ䡣
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˵飬һֺص󲿷ǻ岻ͬľʼʱһЩ࣬ܵĪĸ죬սġ
ڵͬΪڰ͹ࡣ
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ΪһԴڸȻкܶѾʧȥͬЩǵĳЩػǲų࣬ʮѺá
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Ĺڰ˵ԼݻһܡϾеһЩۼϢ첻׵ļȵȣ˿׷Ѱ
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ŭһ䣡
ڤڤУƺδ֪Ѿעһ
һ룬ĺڰɢ
ֱ˺˺ڰ֮ԨĻ
壡
˺Щ飡

ڰΪ޾ڰź嫵ĺڰ޾ĺڰ飬ϷĹ֮ǣ
һڹͺڰսĻ



469 Ľ١аĸ1
ŮӣСŮ׷Ѱټ֮á
ƺһδĹڣƺǡ
Ů
һﲻ֪ô˺ŮӺСŮһֱβˡ
ֻǣ״̬ƺЩ̫ԡ
ǷʲôԤ֪
껵Ĺֵʵ飬Ҳ˲

УھĶҲе˰Ȼĵز
ڹںڰǺڰĹֵ˭а񣬻̿δ֪
ֻǣڰһľƺѾȻͬϸ۲죬ԼɼƺҮĲӰӡ
Щһֱͱ֮ؾĴһΣ̳١һ˿ӿ³ҪȫΪ׹ģһ֮нꡣ
ȲŲѵľģв֪⼸ڰʲôСĹҮϵӵмռڣϵ顣
ִ˲ƣ
ϴ˺ôͷ
˳ƺΪڤ
ԢΪţҪȴֲòĿֲ
ֻڤ⼸ֺɫЩŹ֡
ҮССԹϻ䣬Լΰƺ¶һЩЦõɫﻹ߶ţֵڤ³ʡۡ
Ȼ֪ʲô˼ˡ

ŷǸС֮С
ԾǸССĽ֮С
͵Ƶƹ⣬ҫʱ͹ĵԵùضŹ֡
֮У޴ʮϣͼüͷеͼֽһĲƷĮȻ
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ھ޴֮ϣԱߣһᣬûκϢʱ߰Ȼ
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е˼ڣϵϢҲϵĲ
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ҲʱǸƻˡƤ硭

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ҹ֮ħŮһĶԴھ޴տУûκδ顣
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˿ֲĿ⣬ƺʵԵѹǿеĲֿ˿ռ䡣
˿̵磬һʵ׻Ϊµ
˰һף
硭Ϊ׷ѰĽŲ̤ʯһգһٴҵ㣡ǽ硭̫Զˡ
ૣĪѹ֮е籩

İյ۹ǣ˿ѾΪһ˸ָΣյĿֲż֮ء
˵սаȾĶڣЩϽеļһҲ̤ڴˡ
һλ˹
УͿҪˡ
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һ߸ߴģȴޱȿήͬʬһʬ壬ż۾ֱĿţ͸żǰеİա
ͷϣһö֮ƵİͻȻԲֻмһˡ

˿
֮ǣǴ޴լԺС
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477 غϣڰ֮1
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СŮɫһ䣬ͻȻɭͻȻаϢһ˶鲻ԽĹȻɢ
ֻ֪Ϣ
ֻҵ
ΪʲôҪֹңΪʲôҪֹң
㣬ļһ
ȥ
䣡
ŹֵĻո֡һһ䣬һ֫ϱ۸ǣɭɭ׹ǵ·Ҳˣ뵵ĹӰתǺ˿ֲǣֻǿһ⾰еļҪĨȥһ㡣
ڵ·ľͷƺһУ


ȥ
ȴǰ
ֻأһˣ
⵽ǺεȵǴ˻Ȫ֮·ֻͨ𣿡
ͼζţ룬ƺѾ޷Լ
ҡҡλţҪһȪ·ȥȴ˲䱻һץס
ѣ
Ƶ
ǹɼµȾʴɫǳѿ
ͼҲһץУ˹˿˹֣û˵һϵơ
ǺҲֻһλְˡ
ͼѺ֣ȴҲֻλͬ飬߰Ѿ̤ǹĻȪ·
Կ̤룬õĻȪ·ͻȻޱȡȷ˵õĿռС
һߣߵĹУһѪ䣬ջΪһ߰׹ǣЩ׹ǶС
ֻһˣֵȴҲǰ棬ûг̤С
ˣô
жӿʡ
ǿ˿ĻȪ·ٿһѾ״СŮٿƵԽŹֵĺڰ֮ţеĲԽԽʢ
죡
ң
Ҫ
СŮһֻ۾Ϊ˻䣬һֻ۾ΪҶ۰׵ϲɭɭ·
ϢԽĪ
ӣ
ˣһҲǼһټأ
ܱܲһϢͿʼ񣡡
ĹȻſ
ĺͷʹλԼһطСŮ죬ǳΣա
ʵҲǳΣգǣСŮ򲻹
ǹۺ֮أ˲֪ٴˣ˫ʤи
ȴףСŮǰҪ飬һǵ񡣶״̬µСŮе־Ĵڡ
ʱ̲ס룬Ǹù׽СŮʲôϡŹֵĶ֪ʶһΣգ
ģҵ㣬ǰץѪҺ˲ɣ
а
һߣҲͻȻüͷ
õģôое㲻
ĸ쵰ڵң



480 ȪϢ2
СŮУƺľ˵Ĺ죬ǺڰŻһʱ䶼ֹͣ
Ȫ
ΪʲôлȪ
ͳںڰ֮ű֡
ԷСŮŮɫһ䣬ץŰҪӴܿһ̣һɼµĺȻ֡
¡һӣ
ֱӰѺŮӴк
Χĵ棬֮УۿɼٶȣΪӨ֮ɫ
ǺȻǼµı
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һɼµдаСŮŪĻȪ֮·룬һʱҲ
λˣ
ҹݺͼˣһɫ԰ףֱ
һԹж߿Ʋ߻Ѿõ׼ٻʽȴû뵽ӶǳôֲĴڡ
ǰ⺮ˣȻһλСŮͺŮӵĿֲڡ
ҹݺ嶼̲סٻڰ֮ʽôƺҪʧˡ
˿
СŮҲ۾⺮ľͷ˼
µĹֵ
ŮӣҲǺ죬ҲͣգٴС
Ϣ˲ܱϳν൱Ϥ
ѪħϢ

ڰ֮ڲ¶ϢͲ֪ʲôԵૣһ˿˿죬ٴθ֡
һ㺮֮Уһλͷ˫ǣһѩ׷Σ˶ں֮еġˡź
˿庮еӰȴҲܸܵǿ
ң
ź죬еӰŵͳ˻ƣ϶˵
˵䣬޾ĺѾźȥձѣ춯
ǸСŮҲսͷֵֹĹֵ֮֯һ
䣬ͺҪƬʴȾɽ֮ء

ڰ

Ե
Ĺ򶼿ʼ仯
ָ½ľ󣬲ϸ֡
й뵲Ϣð޾ѪҺ̶
а׹֮·˲׹еĻȪ
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ڰ磬ڰϵĺɫѪ˿ȫ顣ðźɫϢͷǶźɫİ磬л߳
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ţȴָ޷ĵĿƣʱռȫǽġ
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ߣǱֵĺںɫ鼮ҲҫĪĹԡ
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ѳң
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ĿѰܣĿССϡ
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ƵƣȻ֮併͸СС壬Լ֮䣬һöķģȻӲץ˳

ССʹ
ڹֵ˵ľǵĸıӲץȡ౻ӲĳȡԼꡣ
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䣬ֻ֮µĻУССʹ֮УȻ
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죬Ͻ飡ǽ絽׷ʲô
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ǽһ޵еģֲ־һʼԲдڣǽеĹ죬ʱͣеڶ飬ȫˣ
ˣ
һö޴ʱӣȻա
ڰеѪ밵֮ϣӾ޴ǽӻ֣渴ӵĻƣصĹ·ܵӡǣֻǿһۣͷۻ˺ѡ
񣡡


ʱ֮ˣ
һʹ飬Ⱥ̻ܵпʼ
޾֮ӵ

Ĺ˵ϡ
ʱ֮
ҹݺšλߣûһλ첻µģֻ𣬶еľս
ͼԼಿλĻ棬ɫ԰ףȴᶨƣʱ֮ѾգҲóˣ
һ̣˿ݰٵľ޴ʱӣֿ˿Ƶİ磬СŮͻȻ֮ƺʲôһ㡣
Ǻڰ֮ռİ磬Ҳǿʱֱ֮Ӻ˿
˿̵Ķеʱӣǲ֮дһ˿־飬Ҳβס
ʱ䡭
ôʱ䣡
ǵk
ԣ
⵽ǡ
ڰ֮ϸ룬ҪĺڰŻ֮Уȴ׵ʱֱǰ֣ͬʱһȾ޴ģȺڰŻҪţǰ
ֱӰѺڰ֮УһǿӶѺڰ֮壬סˣ
֮ţ
ôܣ
ڰֻ֮üŭһ㱻׵ʱӣһ˲ײĵŻ֮С

ڴͬʱ
۹ǣһеҹ֮ħŮȻ϶Ȼųصɫʡ
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һֻԭ˾޴Сˣ׹ʵİаգ쳤Х
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k㣡ԹʹڵǿߡʱҲֻǴɰˡ
սһֱδ
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ǵĻ֮սҲûһˡ
˭ɳ˭ܳЩҪֻڵk߰
ɫãһοһ۲ҡҡͷûκֱ뿪ˡ
ֻĲ񣬲ϵĲƺб
缴ʵ
Ժĵˡ
һˣ̳ҵ־ɣӡ֮·ѾΪˡ
ȫ綼־ΪĿꡣѾᵽϣҪʧ
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ڰ˽У
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˭Ҳ֪Ҳ֪֮С
һŰɫۣ̽ͷһöʱӵСŮ۾
ֻ֮Уһöתʱ롣֮Уһöתķ롣
۾εδʱ
ҲҪ뿪ô
һθա
СŮ̧ͷգ۾һε״ϸСʱӵλ
Сһ̳־
ʱһͳ磡



481 ڰ֮1
ʱʱ䣡
ʱ֮ʱӣٴݰ֮ϡ
Ǹ߹Ʈ죬嫵Ϣ֮е
֮
㵽˭
ڰ֮ȻײŻ֮Уסˣŭ˻ȴڶ
kɻȴִЩ־壬ֶ֮ӡ֮УֻԼڵǸȴԺ֮еӵС
ֻǸдڿ־壬µļһʹá
˵ףkĺڰ֮ţһ̶Ҳģ֮Ŷеġ
ֻ֮ţڰ֮ŷǳСֻõkһС͸
ǰǰļһô׵סԼ֮ҲС
ֻϧȲܹܲ¾ܹkڵĺڰ֮ڡضȵkڵ綼ҪߣԴӵk뷽跨ĸһ̶Ⱦ൱ڱ档
Ҫȥô׵ġ
򣬵kҲͶ
ʱ䣿
̫Сˣ
ΪϤѵǡ
ڰ֮Ȼһ
ȵk޴֮ţ˿ߴ֮ڲӿ˵kϣŻʼٵĳȡk
أ޴֮ţ𽥻Ϊʵ
еʱղϵڶޣƺҪͨʲôһ㡣

Ҫ֮ţҵ׼Ʒ޿ܣ
ұ
Ȼڰֻ֮ûк꣬ȻӲסˣkųĽһֱߵĺںɫ鼮ҲȻԺ֮С
ͬһӣİѺڰ֮һʶ鼮֮ϡ
壿
Ǹ壡׼õģ
ڰ֮һ㶣ҧгݵ˵
ǰ״k˲ô¡ѡõĽǣһǰֽţֽŵļһҲӵ֮ŵĹڣ
ɵ
ҵǺܺƺ
˵һ˵һһҲ˵
Ż֮УƵĽɫۣһö޴ʱӸ֣֮е껣Ӱֶ
һɲںڰ֮ϢܡܿͰѺڰ֮ѵѹȥ

ߺߣԺ֪ġ
ҼסˣҼסϢˡ
һ죬һٴν硣
Σգһ֪ϣٴνٵʱûΪ˵Ŀ
壬Ǿ߸ľһϣθ㹻ãܹˣ
ˣڰ֮ͽ͵Цſ˵
kԥĴݻԼһʶ޾ĺڰԭĺڰԴȪΪĺڰ֮ţľһкڰ֮ЯĲȫ֮ա
һ˲䣬֮ŵĽ߹˰ٷ֮ʮŵ̡
һٷֵ㣬ɣ
һ㣡
εҡҡͷ
Ȳ֮ŵ⣬˼źڰ֮Ϣ
Ȼָӿĺڰ֮õЩϢǲ׵ġǼһôĸԼЩ
ƵkҲ껻ŹkһʶԸɴʲô˵һǶǵ˵һûõĶӺߺ껡
ʲôΣգʲôľ껻Щ
Ц
ʱգ֮У֪ߣʱ֮֮Ҳ֮֮ͷ׼˵Ҳ
λһ壬һͷ׼֮˭
껲֮УʲôвԼ顣
ȻҲԴ뵽ڹܡǸļһﵽ˭һ֪
ںڰ֮ԼԼܹ³һЩϢ
һܾܿڷĿռǱߺڰУνͶ飬Ϊļһ
Ǹ޴ĺڰѷԵ껾͸ܵһ
в˵Ҫҵ껣
Ӧöһģʽһһ
νӴһʶһЩȤĶ
껻˻֣ӳ˯İڣֳһںɫ鼮鼮Ĵ򿪣һҳ棬Ȼд
¼һ001
滹һЦ
ͬʱ鼮֮ϻһƺɫȻǺڰ֮ʶ
û鼮ȣƺڰʶ΢΢ۣ۲Ƭֱ̺УԵľ׽
ǿֲԭЦ鼮˲任һԴ־ı顣
ɢʶǺǣû뵽һУҲзġ
ڰ֮Ҳ̫Сҵˣ֮Уɲô򵥵ģ
Цš
ڰ֮һ̫ˡk֮бɢʶȻ껴ѡ
ȴԲû˿취ġ
Ҫ֪֮γɵģʲôҪԻ٣Ҳͬ˲У



482 ڰ֮2
֮ţԶôܼ򵥵ˣ
ֻһƺڰ϶Ȼ仯Ϊޱȵ״ַ̬̫Ѹٵȡڰһֱǳ̫һѸٵı仯
Ҫǣ𽥱ȾɴɫЯŨŨģ˲аϢ
ַ̫ģѾɹݻ̫̫ʼöġ
һε̫ףҲҪˡ
ֻö̫ףǳĹ졣ȡ˺ڰ֮һʶɳ˵ǱԲ̫̫ʼġ
һ£һöֵĺɫĳܡ
ֺԭڰ֮ɢʶͬʱ⵹һ㡣
һƺɫʶи֣֮УŷĶ
Ƭ֮бɢʶȫͶ˷֮ڣ̫׷ģҪݻ
ֻһˣ
֮ڣͿԳݻ
ȲҿЩʶ棬ʲô
һ°̫׷£껱۾ƺʲô
Ƭ֮ϴһ˿أ۾˿
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Ȼڰ֮οֻһʶ˱ɢؾۣʧ˲ϢֻЩϢпҲ˽һЩ
һֱɻ飬ƺõĳЩ
ϢȲ˵껵õҪϢһ仰
ˣk磬Ϊһգʵ죬֮УԽľ룬
ʵˣ
ؼ֣˲еһЩɻõ˽
һйȻйأ
²⣬һλ磬kʹkˣҲԸ磬췭ظյk磬绯Ϊ
νߵĴڽĴҲѳȥ
Ȼˣǵkȴ˷ʣڴĳһճ׸
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ҲЩӵĶ
Ͼһͷ񣬴֮й֪ʵжô󡣻Խȡ֮Ҳ˵
Ҳô֮Ĺ죬ĹʵԭֻǿѾΪǲҽˡ
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һϢ껻ͦŵġϾ֮ǰõһЩϢҲȷʵˡ
Ǳڵ֮µıʼǣͼ¼ˡ֮ǰżõϢƺҲᵽˣʵЩġ
Ĳ硣ôһֱļһĲ־𣿡
ǸδԼпǼٵģ
뵽껵̲סһ£ֻоβǷ飬мȲ
һжǼٵģôǰĴڣǸٵԼڼʲô
ҪԼȡʲô
Ҳһֲ˵Լͼı
ȻһܣһվԼߵģĳ̶ֳֻϣԼɳ硣
˵ƿأ
뵽Ȼźڰ֮Ĳʶȥ
ղſһ仰ȴûôᣬ
ʳˣ֮еĴڣԽŬҲԽ죡

ʳ
˭Ϊʳ
ֻ
ԽŬҲԽ죡Լǽ֮зЩ죬ȴǵǿȻոһƣ
ѵҲڵǿˣոһ
Ҫǲ֪ʲôĹʵɳȫҪѪࣿ
ôһ룬껶ǰĴںδȥԼӵĻˡ
ԼǿΪʲô
ͬδȥԼ˵ģյΣڱƽ
᲻ᣬԼɳĳޣȻ󡭡ʳԼ
뵽뵽ʮ뵽ʮʳν뵽Զڲ³С֮У֮ڵǴչ
ô׼Ĳ֫ϱۣ۾⴦ط᲻ν̳Щߵĵ̣
ȻЩ߻׼ǣ
õöۣ㲿֮һ
ѵԼҲǰĴ֮һ
뵽Լϵۺۣǳ鴤һ¡
ûйȥҡϾһлĲ²⣬кܶ಻ĵطìܡ
дڽһȡϢ˳ͬһĸ
˵˺һҲ׼ȥˣһӣ˲ͳˡ
ԼҪŲء
鿴ڰ֮Ϣ֮͵ĵɴ۾
ڰ֮Ȼʮ֮һ
ңҪǣһﻹһޱϤݣ
ͷƤֽĺǻԭ壡
Ǿ׼ʬ壬
ڰ֮ͬͷƤֽ׼ʬ壡
ôܣ



483 ʮ
ͷƤֽ֮е׼ʬ壬Ǻڰ֮
ȷе˵Ǻڰ֮֮ǰ壡
ͬʱkҲʮ֮һ
ʮڰ֮
ƲʶУĻ档
кڰ֮һЩӰģļһʳĳֶĻ档
⻭ֻһţ
ҲеkͷƤֽ磬ѹưȴһ񣬱٣Դˮ֮еĻ档
еkںڰ֮¸գƺĳֲ״Ŀֲǩʲô׸ľ
껿ǲ״֮ʲôֻ֪п
Ȼ񣬾ԲʱͣǸѾȴ
Ҳǣ嫣ǧ磬ôֻһ
Ȼϡ٣ԲֹһλֵȼĴڡ
Ҫģ껻ЩУ˺ڰ֮һЩϢ
ʳ顭һжһı֮гͽ
ֻ𣬻ðȱ磬ԴѾߣֻܷԼˡ
Ϣܲƣ
ҲֻܿЩ
ЩҲ㹻ˡ⻹״˽ĽӴʮϢЩϢʮ塣
ЩϢԴԲ²⣬ʱ֮ͣǰҲǵʱʮԽľ룬ٻʳ
һʵǸı
ĳִڿӺʮҲǿӺеһ֡
ʳ֮󣬺ܿܵЩǿǣĳЩ⡣ǿɴ˽Ϊ׼񣬵ҲòЩغ
ԣӴܣ
ڰ֮ӵͷƤֽ֮Уȴǿֲķʳĺ֢Ծûа취
Ծ뵽
֮飬֮ǰ֮ЩϢͷƤֽ翴ľ󣬺ڰ֮ѹ˰ȴֱȻԴ䣬ˮʱ
껻Щ棬ϾǸ󣬺ڰ֮Ѿѹ˰ȴΪͻȻİ
Ӧöǵkļ㣬Ϊľ

ںڰ֮ôӷĿռǴڰ򸴻ģֵ׸˭ǩԼͷƤֽİʲôЩͲ껿֪ˡ
ЩϢڰ֮Ʋ־û˿
ĵģʮϢľݣʳ󵽵ʲôغòúڰ֮Щһ֪
ڣ֪ĹʮϢҲֻʱ֮ͺڰ֮λ
ڰ֪֮ĸһЩҲԼΪֹΨһֵʮŵ֮һԿǴӺڰռֻ֣ҪץǼһ
һӵĵܣȴΪλͷƤֽϹѵʱѭһ£
ţ˿Լһֱûж
ȴ֣֪ʱѾ˸ı䡣׷ѰʮټѰkǵϢ


ƣʮ
˵ʮеĺڰ֮Ѿ㷢ټʮܣܣҲ𲽱ƿءʮڰ֮һеͻƿڡ
ҪץkԵkʮζ㲻볢
ԴӺڰ֮˽⵽飬ڵ飬һеҲ˵ߣڰ֮Ҳ֪ߵڵأ
껿ͻȻüͷ
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488 ݡ1

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磬һأܹ硣źܶܶϡŹֵ⣬ͳƹ̸졣
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һ˵ӵʯĹٵй֣ڹٵԵĻҰȫĶࡣ
ϣԿЩֶΣѪߡȻ˵֮ϻиֲĴڣǽƹ죬֪Ǽ١
˵Ҳֻ֮ʱۿۿֹ죬γɵǿϵ
ͨѪԤߵʽߣһֱһߵľżߡ
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489 ݡ2
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ټڶû侮ʯĹƿعʡң㳹׷ֱΪһһż֮ء
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Զ׼⣬ΪαΪѧʧ
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490 ʶ쳣1
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û׼̺źڰ֮ĺ֡˵ʹúʶᱻӰ죬պڰ֮껵УҲ޿ܡ
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491 ʶ쳣2
ʵʱͣ磬ôչѲħצϾͳڼ䣬̫ĺ֡
ǹ֮Ʒ˿ʹСʵĺ֣һ̶϶ԻΪ
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ַ̫̫̫ʼȴ̫Ŀţһƿ׿ȴһֱδĴ
ַľ͸˼ˣڽȿԽ˰ٷ֮ʮĵز󣬾Ҳû˿Ľô껲ֹһηȴû˿á
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ԣʵûа취֮ʣ껲뵽˹۲ԼСķģҪôġ
ܹṩһЩ˼·Ҳ˵
˵СֻѪŮŮһһ̶ϽʮĴڡ
СֻͲ˵ˣһڸոյʱ򣬾Ȼûбʱͣʱ껻һΪǹֵҪΪûʱͣһˡǡǡ෴껵Ĺȫƫˣ˵С껼Ǳһ
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Сֻķ̫죬Ҳ޷̽顣֮ǰĺڰ֮˶ǹľ֮⣬Сֻע⡣
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ѪӵеķģͺܼˣֱһѪ֡
ǲҪСһѪַġöĵĹ̶Ⱥǿ̶ȣɲ껵ĹַĿġ͸ƺҲкܣһ·ߵѪַĸǱλ˵ը
Ůͺˡ
ʱֵλ񣬺껳֣ʹʱͬȶճ
ڰŮ˵̺ķģмƺйصķġһһ˿ʱͬʱ
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û׼Ժʲôʱĵټء
ֻǣڰŮƺһ˿״־Ծţֿסĵʴ
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ϵ鼮̺һ˿ַ̫ĵַ̫ĵСֻڹȪйصķĶԵֿôֿסڵķʴ
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в⣬˰Ůʶĵĸ
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͵ĳָһ˺ļɫȻĿŰŮ
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492 ʶ쳣3
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ϷУҲûн⵽ʲô⡣ֻ֪Ǻӵҵʶӵƽǻ޷ǻۡ
һżȶĹȴŤа񣬻硣̺ǿҵȾԣĳ̶ֳĶߡ
һʼ֪
Լǿ󣬶ڹֵֶ֪ҲڲϸֵȫûиŵĴڣɷͶȴҲһ̶Ķڡ
Ƿĵĳ֮еĴ˵صķĵʶ֮ΪֵҲԳ֮Ϊľ顣
ع㣬ض컯
ǺܿܲǶƬӰĺӡ
Ȼ֮룬ҲҲǹֵԭǸԼء
ΪȻػߣȴҲĻ֮һû̫ܲҲûõȥ
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ⶫͬڲ򿪵ȱڣһ֮أʹŮʶǿңҲֿסԴԴϵС
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˵ֻаŮˣ

ȻŮҲǹֵСֻѪкβ֮ͬ
˼Ƭ̣Ȼ뵽һܡ
ܳǺɡ̫ˣ



493 ص1

Ůʲôرĵط
㱻һΣ
˵Ḻ́ϣ൱һΡʱͬûлٴķģ̶ɹֵ޻̸֮
Ϊ߱һΣŵʶľ˵
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ڰŮϵ飬ֵͬᷢϣǾ˵ǴĪĳ̶ֳǹֵĵԴͷ֮һ
Ϊʲô
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ڸ²ˣ
ѵǴͷ֮أ
kЩ׼ʬľĳЩֶΣʵ˹ֵֶһֵͻĹȫ
ͨĵĲԣѹֵĳַʽų
ǣĶûνĲԡǴȡֵһУûһֿܣֵɱ˷ĺ͹֮ǰȡϢ¸һֵ
ûʵԭĹֵˣ
ֻǸ壡
ԽԽоľ
һв²ⶼģɾ̫Σˡ
ͷֶڣ˷ʤ
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ҿһʼ͵ıʶʧһֱţҲҡҪԼˣһΡʹܸҲֻһ߸塣
˿һķ顣
ʵиε⣬ȴϸ롣
ڵûҲһ߸壿
᲻ԼʵѾһˣֻǱļ䶼ѾĨȥֻʣļ䣿
ʱ֮ͣǰûпҲأ
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˵ϸϸԼСôľûзκʶϲ㣬Ǹ²Ȼǳ㤣Ӧòᷢϡ
ҪģӵŻ̫֣ⶫûƣϵֻһšǿ˺ܶĹģ̫϶գҲ޷Ƴ
飬ʮνı۾
ʵ
߶⼸֣Խĳء
ʱͣ磬Խ࣬͸оԽĪ⡣Уҡ
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껲²⣬ŮҲûгʶֻ֮ǴӰڣʵʶ֮С
Ӱȡȥһʶ᳹ʱҲᱻգ¯죬һŮ֡
СС죬Ů߿ҪʵǰŮڸ֮أΪѾֻ漰ֵʶʵˣ漰ֵӵʶĹֵζԿȵ⡣
غԼ档
ԾԲ⡣
Ȼַ̫ĵȫû취ȡȥأ
һǿΪĤӵҪ㻹ôȡ
ҪģҲ̽һڵǴ֮أǲǸйءʱȡٶȼӿ죬ȡ׶ϾùںҲ²ǿ
ܾݴ̽һ磬ǴĹ磬ʱͣ磬кι
껿֮ǶͨԽԣٿߵͷֵнһȫµļƻ
˵ǶԼתƻǰᲹ䣡
ѰҳϷǼɣ
ִҲױĨȥļ䣡
껵ͳ˻ƣ֮ڲɢ
顣



494 ص2
껰ʱͣĹֵŪһ뷨Ѿˡ
Ҳһʵ顣
۲һ¹ֵʱͣ磬᲻ᷢʲôȤı仯ϾԼ൱⣬ҲҪһԱȲ֮
Ů⣬
ͷֵӵ֮ʣ͸ӵ˺˵Ȼ߸߸ϣǹ¶ģȴҲ˳ְԼСһѡ
ϾͷֵڣҲӵСֻСһΪȪĹ֮Ҳĥ͸
δԼһϲҲ˵


ԽԽߣðΣգ̤˴˵ʧ֮γɵľ޴ż
Χ⴦żլ֮ɣٶ๫˻Ұ֮С
ΧڣѾǻҰΣڵͼҲעΪĺɫԤʾһжǻδ֪ĵش
ʯ̳ĹٵҲֻǴɣһٹķΧʯӵĵ·Уһưܣ¾ĲƴС
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ׯҳΪʡİҲֹһʱ䡣Ͼѧķ֮һ
ϧұССĴׯɢ켴һβ֪Ĺ֮УױĨȥ˴ڵĺۼ
Ҳʮʱˡ
ʮʱ䣬˵Ҳ˵Ҳ̡ڳụ̂ưܼ󣬼˰һ㡣
ʵҲׯҪռƬȫҲ޼ҿɹ飬ûдˣҪ̾˵ء
Ͼô˵ʹﱻϮȫһҹ֮仯ΪУȴҲܿɹİȫ
ܱİȫ˾סģ̫ˡ
νİȫԹȽйϮҲû̫ûΣյֲȵȣ˵ȫĵش
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ֻǰȫ̫ѵˣҪһİȫǼֱȵ컹ѡ
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495 ɵļ1
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һ˼ңİٿҵ˿ڣֻһС͵Ĵ䡣ϰһӶʮˡ
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ãݴػ棬ػֻԤ֮Ļá
޷ӻĴֻסԼһĶֵءҼûʲô־ֻ򵥵ػ顣
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ϧЩϿѳذСһСϪطֵĺܣɶһ
˵أΧ˶¶һ˿˿ͲʡؾǵӣܶһأǼͿԶˣҲ׳٣ŷҲ
ԣضһӣһЩ˵ҪĶ
ѵЩΪСȥģ
иС̷ţ²

ߴʲôĴڣǿҪüӶҪͽṩֺõĴЩںСǼ
ҲЩӣںЩ㿴զϴһң˼ҶӸһλʽߣھ˵ѾҪϰˡǼںǵأ
ߴֱʹ͵ʲô͹һҸԣһˡɲЩͰ͵˿Աȵġ
ͷᵽϴһңΧˣһ¶۵ɫ
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Ǹɵļйأ
ɵļ壿
һ㶣ɫ
ɵļ壬Щƽͷϰ˵ֻһǾǡ
ʡİѧң



496 ɵļ2
ɵļ壡
ұдͳһһֵĴơ
߲ͬϰǲֱӳƺ֣ʹۣҲôơǹ˽ʱ䣬߿ܲںЩͨˣ൱ɻģԲԸǸֲ֡
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ʣһ㶼Щ˵ǿ̸ƺģȴϡ
壬ֱǳ衣ǼҲڹһࡣ
Ҫ˰ˡѾҷ˵ɣһ죬ЩԵᱻһһ㡣
Ůԣһӡĸߴ׳˶òϾ֮ǰмֵƣֱϣŽ˿ףѰֱ۶
˿һڲϵĹݻʣǳͣνǹ롣Ҳϲ֮һ
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ǣˣħáôҳȥĻϣ𣬸һһһ𣿡
Өûͫ׵۾¶ãȻɫ븲ҵ̫ˣʡУĹЩǴġ
ħ֮ģǿԽʡǿǵǿҲֻݱܷâǱҳ׽
֪Щʡжôֲ
ģ
Ҫ棬Բ׵ȥ
ǣ
ûпǣ
Ө˵ЩʲôȴͻȻֹ
һһĳĬ
Ӻֻ˿һįӨҧҧǾвŵһܣ˵
ʱ򣬱ԼλʷǷСѾͷһģ˵ͻǷȥ
֪ʧȥ˽ȡ֮ġ
һ㣬ӵСкܶܶࡣȻЩһֱܵ£ҵĲڴٴ𣬵̫ˡ
ܶӵܣ滹һٴϢϾʧ̫ˣκϣڡ
ӨҲһɫӵܣССͣ;ۡ
Ҳһûκͫ׵İɫ۾˵۾ѧôѧ⣬ҲֻӨһ˾ѳɹ
ԶһλСã֣ӵܣǳǻΪǶӨڴ̫ˡ
˵Ժ񣬶ϡ
ڣλСʧȥģһ־
ʱһЩظˡ
ң棬Ҳεж
Өһ㶣һԼ֪ܣ
ôܣ
ᵽ棬йжҲȤոյһįѾɡ
ѧһֱǳݡ֮ССӲڼʮ仯Ϊ˹ʡİ˵ѧĹ³ġ
ʲôֶֻԿֻżĹ죬ʲôһ˶Կ˵ȵȡ
ڵǸʱѧһ˵¡ƺΧת
ԣѧ飬˶ٱ飬ǳȤ
Ҫģλ棬ǹεϢһֱﲻ꣬ûӨڸ
жΪʲôҪʲôȵȣҲһ֪⡣ֻ֪ĻҰҵһżûȥǴżҪǸʲôС壬ЩŹֵġ
֮ǰô֣һﶼ˵
ѵҪˣ
Өɴ۾ûͫ׵۾ȴ¶Ŀ⾼ɫ
ֿЦһ˵ԭǲô֪ġ
ڡ
̾˿һԼ֣ҧҧȻ䳶
ָ磬㡭
Өһ뾪û˵꣬ȴ˲䱻ֵеĿ⡣
ֻǱӦѪۣȴĳ֣ʱ룬֮档
Ǵ棡
һööͬʱһĶôѪ֮У
գ
ʱӣ
ô᳤Ѫ֮У
⵽ô£
ӨȻһϣĺëֱβǶһ顣
ĳֿ־壬ƺϮ
һֱ



497 ת1

ʱӣôӲǶѪ֮С
ӨǰһУ֮䣬ܹʱӵĵδ
ֱֵۣһֱСʱˣһֱס
֮ʱҲѾֲ֡
û뵽ǰĳֱֵ֮Уȴ˴ܡ
˼飡
ţ
⡭Ǽһֱصܣ
ʱӡôᡭ
Өֹһʱ侹֪˵Щʲôá
ûǼܡ
ҲǱ֮Ϊɼԭ򡣡
˵ܿЦǼ嵱Կʵ˵ףʹõҲǹˡ
ЦһĬĬİ´ϡ
ǵۣ۵ʱӹ죬Щѧ档浱ͻȻӦ˵ĳЩ²ɡ
˵ɣլǳĹ¼
ӨȻԼ۾һͷʵõ˽
飬Ҳ֪
Ҫ˵ѧ浱ǹ̸ȴҲʵʡϾôû˵Ƶ״
˲²⣬ֻЩ²⡭
ҡҡͷѧĲ²⣬Ϊ൱ס
е˵ǹ̸๲
ֻǴδ˵Ĺ̸԰
е˵Ĵ͸
νĹ죬ܿһλϣԶʱ
һ㣬ǱܶϿɣϾǿǴ˵е֮ҲԼӰ
еĴ˵ǿйء
ܿһͷǿ飬ѧϸˡ
ֻǣΪã𣿡
Өƺ֣ƺ
һ˵ǲʹù֮ġ
ѪΨһԶԿ
ҵǿʱ򣬲ѾܸˡҲӴż֮ϵĵ·˵֮ϵزξ͸йء
ʲôҲֻѧһ֪ˡϾǸʡż߶ָȷھż֮ϵģҲֻѧһˡ
ҪȥСԭ򣬹ܿ̿ӣֻܿ
֮ԸЩֻΪǼ⼸УΨһ۵ӵܡ֮ϣֻѧһˡ
۾ѵӵܣȫ֮ҪȥһСлԵڴˡ
ԣһһȥС壬ǷνĻԵɷһ̼˳Ǹż
⴦żҲûмأټҲ˵
Щ߿ǾĺܡСɣһȫҲ֮ͣءҪǣǴżСҲǺܿѾǰȥС״ˡ
ǲҪ飬Ͻ߰ɣҹζࡣ
ʵ˵СʲôĻԵҲǺĺܰ
´֮Өļ˼򵥵ʰһɹһЩʳٴ·ˡ
ֵʱ֣ûԽ٣ʺϸ·
ΪС廹һξ룬Ϊ˽ʡʱ䣬˱ѡֱӴԽ֮ĻҰʯ
νո˵
ԣСʱǱСΧ
˿̣Ѿۼ˲ٵߡ
󲿷ֶֻͨߣһЩʹӣǿߵµȵȡ
ѡٴפȴҰЩǿ߹ϾҰ֮Уƾǵʵҹ߳ʱͣ
ԣСΧһƬյأССߵȵΧһš
ΧأװʯΧţڲ
һȽϰȫʱӪˡ
ֻǲ֪ΪΣû˽СڲżмȥȴҲܿĳûѡס
˵СҲûʲôŹֵ
˵йǻ𣿹أ
һ߹һھƣпӪһԵϣŵϦ۾˵
ƨĹ죡
ǵҲӸɳģ
ʧ٣һϦ֮ЩӿǷ˷ѰټСصѰҵط
˵Ǻ󱲵ĻԵֻϧǰһɶҲûҵ
һλ⴦ӪصСͷЦ˵
ԼҴѾã˵ҵϢż֣һʱϢ͸ˡ
СϢǵͨ߿֪ܲЩأӣǿ֪֮ꡣ
Ե
ʲôԵ
ӪҲȤ
Сͷ룬ƺЩûʲô˵ģֽŵ
Ͳ֪ˡҲӣҲûѰҵνءһŭ֮±С˸ɾ
СĸҲǹЩһɵģ
СͷĻһ㶣νҡҡͷ
һѣûʲô˵ġЩʵ˭ûɹأֻȴĲƯȻ˳
ȻҲ߼޻˹ϣеĴֻ֪ûʲô˵ˡϾû˿ԣǸЩ˷ҲӣǾΪ
ˣˣΪʲôѡСڲأ
Ȼ˺ܾã󲿷ַӶˣҲһЩݿʹáôҲһСͰȫܱΧʱӪĶɡ
ʡ
ʱӪصļСͷ죬࿴һۣҡҡͷûѡش
ƺʲôɻ֮ء

̫ˣ֮̽Ҳ˲١ȻҸɳġ֮أǹ̸פɡ
һСͷ죬һǶǵĻش
У
Ҳǹĺڵģ
ƷҲզء
ˣ˵һЩˣ
仧ȾƺȾƣ
Ӫ֮Уٴ

Ѿ˵Ө֣ڰӨСЩĲҪЩҽͷߣ
ʲôСǱ¾ģ
ʲô֮̽Ҳ˲٣ҲҸɵģ
ƾʲôݺ
ҸЩ£
Ǹɵģ
סӨ˵
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Өȫסˡ
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ҪףЩ²òΪ
СʮʵѾܶˣûκ״¾˲Ҫռݴ˵صߺͨйǻڴ˵ļ״ֻΪ˲ط±ռݡ
ֽ͵
ܡѵֻΪһ翵ĴԣͰôˡ
Өʮ𾪡ΪҴˣҲûͬЩ¾ߡ
翵Ĵԣ
ǿɲǴԡ
˵ЩģЩȴǡҪһ£ǵСȫʧ֮ա¿ɲġ
ֻʷˣҲ鵽ʱСѾȥ¥աЩ˸¾ġ˲ʧһ㣬ݼأҲҲǹϮ
Сһ֮£
ԣǰЩһ϶Ҳ֪ʵģźйءȴֲҽУѡΧӪ
Ц˵һ𾪵ʵ
Сʧ٣޹أҲ޹أ
ǿ϶̺ء
ˣʱѾˡ
ŻûڣǸϽȥСһ㣬ǹĺܣҪ㴥쳣󣬼ʹкҡ
һץסӨĸ첲ļԾʧԭء

֮ڲ
һһͨѾ򿪡ĸ֪֮ŵĻڲؿС
磬صϢҲѾһ˿˿¶
ֹ죬˵ľһš
һĹ⻪֮
о޴һա
ھ޴ԡ֮
췣һ۾㱳ֻ֣ʧ
ÿһÿһֲֿ֮¶־Ϣľս
֮Ŷ籡ĤٶȣһٽͣССģ
ڵͬڼϴ򶴵棬ǼڲⲿźܶǿĴڣΪ˱Լ֣ЩͬһץȥԵֻܾС壬ϢϵĽڸС
ȥЩǿ磬ôСĶΪС˵еЩԽߣ˸ߵĴԽȥǲɵ档
껻ûлأӢš
¡
Ȼͨз˾޴𶯡ɫһף˲侲ֹ
һǿҵŤУ֮ԴϢ
Ϣǿ껶оͷƤ飬ëֱ
䣡
ɣϢҪߵԼǰƹƾϢͿ԰ѹſڵϡ
ʱǼ޴춯ΪͨжҪ޴𶯱ʱһͻȻʧ
ǡ
ûüϸô£֮ͨУƺչ˾ͷʱռ֮ռ
籡Ĥˣ
ɫһϲҲ˲֮ǰô£һӣѰŮ죬СֻССᣬͶ뵽֮С
ʲôʱڵ㣬ٵʲôʱգͿǵ컯ˡ
ϣҪʧ
Ϊûʱ߽꣬Уǧֿܣʱձ仯Ī⣬˭Ҳ˵׼ήǸʱͿռ֮С
ˣ
ֻǣҪڽؿ޷תĲʶ
ѧɲҪʧ
ɫĻоȼգӳգ˸ɫʡ


498 ת2
֮ڶͨͬϵ涴
ʱбֵĿܣҲбĵҺûĿܡ
껵ʱûжˡСֻѾн֮ʼӦʱնλԼĲʶͶɫĻ֮УԴת֮á
껲Сֻһ㣬û˿Ķλֱ롣Ļһήٵʲôʱ㣬ʲôϡŹֵʱء
ң껵Ķλ
ѧ֦ɢҶ껵ѾǵѪ֮СЩϸ΢ĶλһԽԽࡣ
ֱգԴɡ
ѧһеĽڵģЩλϢΪ껵תָ·
ˡ
ǼһҲҵ󡣡
ֻѿƣȴЩ뵱Ȼˡ
ļŽ֪ʶʯ壬ҲҪϿõ֡
ٲһɱ¾
Цţϵĺɫ棬һ룬ʼ𲽽ӽ

ʱ֮ͣ
˿̴ڵڶԪĶʢʱڡ
ŵһԪй񾡽䣬ĵǳڶԪչ˻Ի͵ķչʷ
ʱ۹۹ԽǿҲգΪһ硣
ĸǣҲԽķ١
֮ͨҲͨһյĺɫʯ̳ɡ
Щɫʯ壬ȺɽĿУֵһִɫͬһʣȡضţ֮ʹ£ʱ֮ʱ£ҹµȵɡ
Ա͹һá
֮䣬ľ˵Ĵͨ
Ƽڶ˿ڣټߵĴ߻Щȫһ𣬱˾˵ĴٽЧ
࣬ҲһٳڶĹ壬ʼ۹ʱ۹
еڶִҲһǰ̨
ֻʱЩԾڲײֺ֮䣬Ƕڵȴһ߻ȴһʱ
ķչٶȣü۹һЩ͵Ŀļɵ
ֻǣе࣬ڹ֮ͽλڹ֮ضǿ飬ʱû˭Ҵ仢롣
ǣܵĳλָʾ
ǽ֮ϣ˿ľ޴֮С
һĵص׶ߡ
˿̵˿ĪĹ磬޾Ϣ壬ɺɫѪҺ֮С
üͷʱƺĳʹࡣ
ͻȻʹɫǹһĨЦݡܵգ˲ɺ졣
ʱͣۿͻ֣ᷢ׵ƺȾһĺ⣬ͬһɫɴ
ֻǲϸǺѷֵġ
˹ȻôܰѪ֮ѹȥ
ѹƻǰ취Ҫģǳ׶ϾѪ֮ĸտܡ
ͻȻص׶Цһ֡
ŨŨĶ⣬ŤϢҲһͬ֡
ֻҹݺ֪ʱ۳Σֻ֮пնޱȣû˿鶯־ۡ
ǣۿ֮ڣĺɫϸС룬ϵĴ˳˿ͷƤ飬ޱȶġ
ҵķ⣿
ɺ֮ǰ˵Ĳһ
˿ɫһȻ޾Ѫб飬ΪһźɫҹݺԱ߻۳͡
ֻΣһ·һɫȣѾϡ
ȻƷţϣգ
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һλ
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ҵ⣿
˵
˿һӣһöСʱӴܻš
ûҲˡ
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ᵽ֣ҹݺЦһҧгݣƺʮֳ˿ķ֣УԴһ˿˿־ͺ¡
ںߣ
Ҳʱ֮
˿ѯʣҹݺԹԵ˵λȷʵǳĳɳѾдڵԤϡ
ЩҲҴâ
ڣ֮Ǹӣ֮Сǳˡ
ֻЩʱߣûһദġֵֶΣԼٴθ
ʮУλֶ֮һı˽ģǺųƴҲһԲôģʮ֮·
Ҳģ˵׼kͻ˹
һ㣬㣬ǵڶʱ֮Ī⣬һֱĻḶ֮́
յУһöʱҲ޷ƿ£Ѫ֮ѹȥԭ֮һ
ҹݺָָ˿ߣǻȨʱ˵
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Ͼһǧ࣬ò׵پ۵ʱȴԼһвǱԼƿأȨ
ζЩ˽Ϊĵ˵ɾԲ̫ܡ
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ǺǣԭǿеĻʮС˵𣿿ЩôҪЩˣ
˿ţһĳĬһļž
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ЩҲ⡣
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ˣҲϢϣҪظźã
һѡԼƼ˭ҲǶԸ㱣֤ǣһ
ҹݺɫһºһְԼĺɫӲ˻ȥ
ãɽ
˿˵ͷµʵʵҺܺ棬ôҪʮи
λ𣿡
ǿûʲôô
Ӧ֪λңǹ֮λ룬õkء
Ҳ˿һ㡣
֮ǰҹݺѾ˵ˣʮп϶⣬λֶΡ
ڣЩһȴַǳȵüʮУⲻì
֪ΣգȴȲҪõΪʲô
ЩһܲűŰ˰ɣ
ջ󣬱Ͼ˭Եֿġ
֪һ̺ŶصǣҲҪȥ
ңǻɣһֱѰĶʱ֮ϡʱ֮֮УǳȥǶҪѵkա
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ⲻȷϵkǷҪҵĶѪ⣬ȨǳڵkƣʹǸǿ󣡡
ҹݺϸֳɭޱȵЦݣ˵
Щ£Ȼ˿ȥЩ£ȴظ֪ϾĿġ
һ
껸֪ʲôһ㣬Ƭ̺Цһû˿ҹݺЩĲ߻
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û˿ɹĿܡ
Ȼ껻һǶǵĳɹġ
ʮʳ飬ȫԸһ顣
ʱҪжţˣܳ
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ǹؼҵ֮·һ·飬ʱعʱͣ磬װС
ȥҲãǹҲգڰѪºͰգǵһզۣ֮
ɫĻ棬ע˽ķ֮־󲿷ֶӡˣֻܡ
̫ΣգΨתһ;



499 Ĭ1
С
˿̣ͷ䣬ɫֻʣ»İâɢѪһĹ
С塣
֪ʱĻɫ͸ԼɼյĽ
иʵãǷסլС壬һɶ磬ʵչĲ
˵ɣ£ͳεؽٸȽϿǰһ
ȻһжѾȥҸСһϦ֮ȫʧѾΪӲݴҰһĵش
Сĵ㣡
ҹСĺܡЩСɫЩ֮ӪߣܴһԭҲǺЩйء
һСĹ۲ܣһ߶Ө
ĽУСÿʱ̣ڴ֮УʱС壬ʻʧС
ȻΣղֻҪصȴڶ糿ٴأЩɢȥеˣͿԳˡ
Щ
Өգգ۾΢Щɻ󡣶оЩϤһеĴ
ͺʧɢһ㡣
ǲǸоϤУ
㲻ãƿصЩֺô
ǸоϤеԭ򡣡
һڵĻԵֻǺܿϧôզǼһֱûзԵڡĴҲµĶֻϧ°СߣҲû˿֡
ΣϣԷֵʲôɡ
ۡ
ֿһӨ׵۾̾˿
˵ʵڵģνĻԵʲô뷨ˡطѧʲôǿ϶ʲôԵֻǼеЩ̻ЩϣӨۣ࣬ʱǸ³ֵżҲҪ˵ԭ
Ĵڣһ̶ߡ
ּѾڣ̽Ǻѷǵټġ
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˵գһõլȥޡ
С
û֮أҹɫļ
ϵİǹ⣬֪ʱҲڵһɹɴķ磬֪ӺʱǴӺδ

УͻȻЯĳ֮
ʼܲԣ˺С嶼ΧЩӪߣһҲɫ䣬ɫصС塣
УԿС壬СΪģԲʮķΧڣħߺڰ֮ڼӣǹ¹ⶼص֮ȫ
磬ͷƤ飬ëֱУһʱ䶼ʧӰ١
⣡
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СӳվһȴֻܿԷһһţ˵ʲô޷塣
ǻӪܵĻѣžȼţһȴȻðһɫĻ棬ȼյıҲʧ
ˣ
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ȵİȴּȵӡ
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ߵѪһ̶ѹȥ俪ʼ͸룬Ǻһֻ˵֣ĹвƤ
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Ӫصģ֮УȻһ罭һѪ֮ЯŨŨĳȺȶ
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дԣСеطˣɸҵó׼У֪Ϊηˣôӣڡ
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ŹֵǣܸоԼֱеʱӣԽҡ
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¹֣ûκ쳣֡̽Сô꣬ǰ״ǵһγ֣ΣգҲĿŻԵǰ
ΪˣǶҲϧ
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500 Ĭ2

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ۿҪѧµĻԵˣû̽ǰЩʲôֻǣ֪ΪΣֵѹ֣ܸоҪһ㡣
ֱϵʱӼ¶ĳ̶ԽԽأڤڤеֱܿǻԵڣŲؼʱðء
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ϸǾȻǸֵʱת϶ɡǧ˵˽޵ŭ𣬵ʱȴֻǼ򵥵ķ֮
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ױСӸҡǵ÷ֶңǧŤͷ
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˼ûлͷվӨ󣬰Сͷס˼ĿСﵹӳľ
ʼֻĲӰ֮ľ󣬵ǰǰǰ˼󣬺Ȼ֣СеԼӰʧˡ߹СҲѾȫʧˣΪ˺һƬ
ͬԨһ㡣
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ǿŲʣڻ֮Уݺݵץһѣƺ˺һ飬Ȼ˻
æпȥɫ˲ò԰ס
оȻǡ
һϸͷ


501 1

һëȻĸоԾͷ
ɫ԰ף嶼
˵ͷһƬı䡣
ϣѪܵĺۼ
һɹɳζ֮
ǺüʮĹײУѾõʬвͷζ
ЩˣӦ֪ͷۼһ𣬷þˣֶ˵ζ
ȻŹֵǣζţȴʮʡ
Ѿá
ǾĬ
һ۾еͷԽܼͷУȻԼԼһ

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죬ǾĬ
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ĬǼеļأصһ̸ֹ
ܣǾĬһǺ֮շֹ
һΪ֪Ҳֲ
ھĬһ֮󣬵ֱӵı壬ͻᱻﵽ⣬Ѹٵȡ
ʹûı壬Ҳʱƣһȡ㡣
Ϊҽ
òȵȣҺܳʱ䣬ֱ
֮ͷ̸˲أҲǸһйء
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ʵҵ궼ЩҪȥԸͷĬ֪Ϊͷ̸ǳģǲϧԳ֣˵ĴۣӲĻ׽ͷ̸
Ϊ⾲ĬڱоϺ󣬻ɱ߷ӡˣڿȴˡ
ͷĬ⴦ĻԵ֮أʲôɸ˵ܣ
Ϊ˷߶ȡԵ
ʱ򶥼ݣиѡ񣬿ЩҴ»Ե֮صļһ޻أ
һͷ˿ֲľĬڴ
ⲻߣǾɱһнԱ
Ե֮صΪȫ౳롣
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ҪҪ̽ȥ
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Īͷ

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Զƺ˺ܶ˵ľ˺ѷεʹధ
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ոץ±δ֪ڵͷһûκŭȴΪͣ档
Īͷɹͣ
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ԼԼԿլڲשӣưܵԺӡ
ϣһŤŤңֻһӵţѾбһ룬ƺʱҪһ㡣
ϣúɰдĸ֡
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ߣҽʧˣ˽
˵СʵʵŲôҪҡһѧ͹ˣôνѧĻԵŪһѧ񣿡
ħЦţĨһϵѪˮĿӨ
ܱͷŮӾд⡣
пܵĻŪһ֮Բʲô¡
ߣ
ԣ
̤סħߡ
һʱޱء
ΣϢ֮价ơ
ֹ˼
ħͻȻǺһЦԼơ
ҿûôɵ
һ͸йء
սǺܳԿġ
ԣǸɸģֻҪ㲻ңҾͲȥԸ㡣νĻԵ˭ˣ˭ģ
ƾʲô
С磡
ˡ
ֵ˼Զ
ƾʲô
ƾ⾰УҲħ֮ˡ
֪˭ô
ħָָǰԺУǼλɫͷӡ
һɫͷƺлȼգԵޱȰ
һʡħ֮
һĴ
ССԺУ겻ڣħ֮ûв´ĻǼλܿǹʡĶǸëǵ֮
ô˾ۼڴˣС绹ĻԵ֮
ħĻһ㶣Ĭ



502 2

Щѹ֡
ûҵİǸʲôҲò
У͸һϢΪ˰ЩСȫŪħĴѾǴʧٵżҲȥˡ
Ҫﵢ̫ʱ䣬ܴڵʬ壬ʬҲ˵
ħһĳĬ
̽ҲʧΪһ취
Ͼ̫ˣǹĹ̸Ĭֳħеֹ죬ôд·
çײУŽһȻûԵ˵
ֻνĻԵ
֪ΪΣլڲֵľԽͺ̺һͷ˵Ĺһ㡣
ͬʱֱϵʱӣȶȼҪֱܴһ㣡
ʼֳʱӵĵδ
ԼԼģƺĵڲ𣬾ͺĳִٻ
ҪԴΪڵ㣬ٶ

ɫֱ䣬粻ĬħĽ顣ڲڶĺʱ»Ե취һﲻ١
һºżֵľ
֡⵽ʲôſ԰쵽ģ
ֶ֮
ӨüͷԼ˵˳
Ȼħһͷ
ⶫϧĺܡ̶ܴܺȼ¼һУڶ֮ӳȻ⻹ĵطݴǿ֣԰ľ󣬰ٷְٵģǵ˵Ըȵȡ
ͺѵʱʱƬһһ㣬ʵĺܡ
ǿ֣޷̫ǿľġͷȻԸӵħϴе˵ľʵɲһšӲħҪԸ¡
ħֹ
ǾĬ֣Ѿͷǿ̸ˡҵͦ棬ĻԵʲôȻô̸ػ
ţȷе˵ǼȻ֮Ϊɼ塣Ȼô̸ߡһԵ֮ضҪ˶Ĺ̸ػ˵Ǽģˡ
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505 µĳ2
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һУ껿˵ǳҪŪģϾܸܿĳ֣ʱͣΪλᷢ˵״кܴĹ
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506 Ȫ1

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507 Ȫ2

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ҪǵǸʱգĴԽĤԽʱѭ˴˵أô飬ѧһЩ⣬ɾȤĶˡ
ԼǷҲأ


508 ѪȪլ1
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ȻǲôǰӵĻֻ΢˵ͷʼ򵥵һЩ

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ǿǲӾŮµҵ⴦լ֣ŮӻΪӢ飬ͷǿѪȪ̵Ľߡ
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ǹʡУʱʱͻһЩڻȪ֮Ȫ֮йصĶҲĳЩ˵΢ЩŶȡ
ѧָָԺ˵
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ĬĬţѧ껵۹⣬Խĳ
ǰˣܾܿһֱѰҵϣڣ



509 ѪȪլ2
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ⲻϳԽϳԽܴĳǵ궼˽״
֮ǰҵЩϿľЩ飬Щ϶
ϷҲû뵽峤ȻħʵһЩ棬ʱħ͵֮һãһˡʱΪǾ峤˵ķâڿ϶ǲ˽ܰ
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Ȼħ֮ģ֪Щʲôһֱû˵侮ʯֶεõķǳݣ⼸ԣŸεԭ
磬ѧһıļƻ



510 ʬɽѪ1

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511 ʬɽѪ2
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ⶫ߶飬Ҳǻ˺ܴýɵķӡӣǿӡ
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512 ı1

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513 ı2
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Īɣĳַŷ˿ĻԣһȻЯôըһ뵽Լ֮ǰʱܱըͲˡ
˵һǷӣ治Ϊ



514 ֮1
˿ĳ֣˲Ϊ֮һ
ħ֮һôǷӰ÷˿ǲѴը죿
˰
ˣ֪ܵգΪ֮һ䡣
ʮѹ֣
һаϢ
еĲأ𲽼ǿ

Ǿ޴Ѫ֮У͸֮ţйŹֵݣɢ
ĪɣĮôôţû˿ҡаϢɵ
ʱ佥ʧ
һ


˽ʮʱ䡣
Īɣŷ˿ָ֣ͷ΢ڽָۣбƻԵķ˿Ҳʼ궯ʱ
ͻȻһĮ˻ƵѪڲ
˹ͬһ㣬Ů٣ͳûһ˿
ħ֮ˣȻôݣԱ˺ݣԼͬݶ
͵ħһ
Ż£һƺɫճʣشӵ֮ѿķ϶˳
ֺɫʣħѪ֪ʲôɣһϵĺڰѹϢͺȻɢ
Ȼһֱ֮ǰŨа񡣾Ȼն˲˶Ϊ֮ɫ䡣
ĪɣͿտնΪ׵ˣ׵塣
аϢյҵķΧ۵Ѫײһ𣬼ֹ
޾İ׹֮·
֮ǰʬɽѪ
û֦Ҷȴʢ컨ƬƬģһ㡣
ҲУ̺
ˣɫ䣡
ѧ
ȷһͷа˼µĹ죿
࣬࣡
ԣԣ
ɫŨʣڵ֮ϲϵǻתħѪŵͷǣ
֮ǰʾ׽ǳڴˣ
ѧ񣿡
㵽ڼƻʲô
µ񣬻ʲô˵ģҪȥ
ĪɣĶźɫʣϵ壬ʸʣγһɫΣмɵɫԽԽء
еķ˿壬ҲԾץ
أ
ҿûأ
һʼڣһֱûعʲôֻﱿϵƭˣ
ɫŨʣȥɫѧӣֶ
Ѫݻ
ֻǣؿڴնޱȣȱһࡣ
ģٴһ
㲻ʲôˣ˵ȹ컹졣
˰ľʱͻȻ˱дæĽŲ
ʮֲִң
˭
˭ʱ
ѧǸһ˿Цݣͷ֪뵽ʲô̧һֱۣȻֱȴڰɢɺɫճʡ
˼ΣʧܶաƲƲ죬ʼһνһ״̬ƺЩŹ֡
պã˶ˣ
㣬ʱҲˣ
ħѪǣ־һ֡
ҵã
ѧ΢΢̧ͷĶ顣
Ȼ˹֣ӨҲеһˡ
֪ΪΣǾȻ١˵ЩһȽżģΪˣΣӦҲ٣ȵǳ
ȴǡǡ෴󵽴
ѵзʲôʣ
˹ˣڹ״̬ѧ񣬶Щ졣
Ȼ״̬أҲصĵ֮ڲΪѪԵĹϵԾܹӦõĵ
֮ǰ͸Ӧȵ򸽽ġȻ֪Ϊȴһ롣
ˣҲʲô£
¾㱸ûʲôֹԼ׶֮ţԽ컯֮
ѧֻ΢ɻһᣬ㲻ٹע
ֻ΢΢ۣ¶һĨѪЦݡ
Ŀ˹ӨһͣĿӨϣɫһϸһص۾ԼһһʱۣϵЦԽԽʢ
գ̲סЦ

û뵽û뵽
ıΪԲ״̬Ϊ֣Ȼ˵ȴʵ
ôʹ˿ʼɣ

һָ
һ
ûӨ˷ӦҲûħ𹬵ϸ룬ڵǰƾո֡
ƾո֣
ЩȻǴӸϳֵģһ֣ͬһ㣬ĲӦϡ

ʲô
ҵ
˺Ȼķ֣޷ǰеĪɣͿտնˣҲȻķ֣Ѫ֮ȫڲֵȡ
ôѪᱻɣԽԽ
գЩһˣѪ֮ЩԭʬӣѪʼԴԴϵıѪ֮С
⡭ǡģ⵽ʲô
ѧ㵽ʲô
ĪɣʱҲ˿ץУȴû˿ȥֺ
ȫİѪͬĺӵ̣ԴԴϵš
ʧٶȣͺһѪ궼Ҫʧ
棬˰˹㿴ңһս
ǰǰ棬˰
һ˷ԼҲǱϮĶ󣬷׷׾ʧļ
ҵļУѧͣһ£˴ϲȻûļϲȴѪһָٶȣš
ͬʱѧһɢճĺɫҺ壬вϵ죬ֱһӵУ
һ
ӵܵؿȫ鿪һöɺֱӱץ˳󷵻ѧ񴦡
ֽӹ࣬ԼؿڰȥֻԭնؿڣΪװһµ࣬Ѫ˿ֶӵܵö࣬ʼѧ
ֻǲ֪ΪΣԼԿöһֲٶȣȾһףϸлеָ֣Ĺͼദֶ
ѧһԼĿڲλɫ΢΢һ̾˿
ĵĸоð
ˣ
ӵܣ
⻹ǵ
ֱһĵĹ
ֲ֮ǰЩʬ壬ȫʧˣⲻ϶Ǳǰѧˡ
桭㡭㡭
˹ѣҲ˵
ǿѰҰ棿
ҿ֧֣ûгױľ֧
ǵ۰ʡİ
ôܣ
ȿȡļ壬Ϊѧ񣿡
һ죬ͱһͷѧƤĹˡ
ʱ䣬ѾһΪ˲˹ȹ컹ҪΣյĹ
ѪȪ͸֮ţѾʴȾȫ
ǽ棬˼ȴǰ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ֡
Ȼǰεħ
Ȼû
Ļţ
ֻڵ֮Աߵħһ̧ͷ
ϵѪʼһֲϳͬѰٶȣɿš
һ



Ƭ֮󣬱ﵽ˾żߵĵزԾδͣһ·ϳ壬һ޷ݵĵز
ȫƤħѪȾڣһ˫۾ҲΪڵ״̬
һ˿ͫס
顣
ȻڻһİԼѪУӲİ˳
˾ֵǣѪе˫ȺͽƣѾΪͬһĴ֣צģʮֵĶġ
ѧƲƲ죬Цŵ
֪ϼһûôȥ
һ̫ˣõĲҶΪѾˣ
ȻûϼһϹͷӦûɣ
Ҳ²£ôģ
ȡЩѪʱ򣿡
Ҿ˵ΪһѪ׵ĳɹˣԭ
ѧţ£ħԱߵʬ壬Ҳ̻˹
Ȼǰĵͷ𹬹
Ȼͬһʱ̣ˣ
˶Ȼĵɴ۾
ϼһȫû
ֱ̫ûУ
ѧ˼ȻҲѪȡǵѪŸչ
ϼһô񶾣
ֱΪڣ
Ѫ͵Ϯǡֺ;Ĭʱռ䣬ǳΪṩħѪǣ
㲻֪ǣѪġһֻй֪ܣѪȸ߲㣬ܷƣ
ԡ
Īɣտնǻ
Цţߵħߣͬʱ𹬹Ҳ˻Դһѳϵų貵Ľ⡣
ڿĪɣˣ֮ǰľʧ붼Ѿʧ˾ȻҲݲȵѳߵߣ
һˣΧ£ѧ񣬳ҵϢӶ
ɫƺҲû뵽ĪɣҲѪ
ֶԴѪһԽѣԽ
Ȼȴ׵ѿƺѧм˰
ǸովͰнӴˣ
ֻΪҳ
һȾǰʱ䣡ϧԼŪɰ״̬
Ȼ֮ˣݣ
ΪηȡЩߵħѪǣ
ǲֶ֪ܲɣ
ѧüͷƺһǳ⡣ֻƬ̺ƺͨʲô
ˣ
Ǹƻһֱδ˲˹ĹҪ༸ˣ
ѪȪ֮ſߣ



515 ֮2

ʱ⣬´Ҵңܶܶ飬Ѿµĳ֮ڡ
ѧһѪȪլоľôֵģν綨ѪȪڵģʱö֪
ǣһԿ϶ǡ
¾Ǵ˵Ѫ»Ȫˣӵ˵ʡ
Ҳµûɣ
ħĪ߶ţϥ֮ͬצһĴ֣һۣΪ˽š
Īųħƶ˵һıλѪѹ֡ʱǸʱΪħ
˵ʧ֮ʱħֻһ֮ң֮ǰǹİצ㴥֣ƺĲħ״̬
ôȥΪһͷ찡
ȻıħЩ֣Ĳԩ
ѧ˵ͷЦеģûзϡ
֪ΪΣҲѹˣȤĿˣƺҪԼİıһһ˵Źʹ죡
ߣҲʱ䣿
ĪĪɣüͷʱҲǵ˼һĻָգڵǣ˭Ƚ۷״̬ˣ
ѧͻ
İıһóѣӴ˳
ҪȸգѹǾ͸˼ˣ
컯֮ĴţѪȪܣ
ʲôأ
ٶһֱ⣬Ϊʲôӵе֮ţѪȪ˵ʸ񣿡
ֱҿ㴦ĻǵҰȣףνѪȪ˵ʣǾӵħѪǣߣ
µϣǷӶģͬʱĸ׻ǵߡΪ𹬵ʥŮ
ԣǴԲ²һ£ҪѪȪ֮ţǾͱͬʱӵѪ
ҲǰѪȡߵħѪǣԴ˴˵֮šѪȪڲ֪˵Ŀɶԣ
ħĶվڵ֮Ϸѧʵ
²⣬ѾԺͣ˽꣬˵Щʹõ֮ѪȪķ컯֪֮ʶҲܲʵġ

Ҳɲŷ顣˭Ҳû뵽ҪѪȪķȻҪ
ħѪǣ
ħѪʴԵǣţԷǶסռ䣡
ķֵѪȪլʵ󲿷ֶģֻûȷĽ뷽ʽˡ߮մֻȷĵص㣬ȷķʽȷʣҲߣܹ룡
ҡǷһеˣУ
ѧ˫۷Ź⣬˫΢΢̧𣬻գӰԵĲ񣬲һβûбɺɫճ֭Һ
ҲֲˣϾǧ˭ûзֽ봫˵ѪȪķȴˣҸж
ڣӼɹ
˵жһֱĬĵڿˡ
ԣ£˵ʵѾ˰ɣǵĺӡ
룬ǶˡӴǵ࣬ҾĬݵģǶ˲ãȻԼ棬ȷʵ󡣡
ֻĬӦþǵѾǧӡֻô˵ʵӺļı֮ǰѾˣ
üͷһ䡰Ļ˽̸
Īɣŵħˣ֣˹Ө鲻Խ뵽пľ
ǸȥģͬʬһŮӣǸ޺Űְĺӣ
ɱ֮ˣ
Ϊ棬ӺӣֱԿԡ
˵ļƻǼٵģ
𹬹Ҳɫޱȡôֻĵļƻ
ڵļƻޱĵģļƻǼٵģôǰѪȪ顭
ȻǼٵģ
ưԹʡΪ󣬵õڤڤеĳλ˼ӳ֣ſԽӴѪȪ
ҪѪȪһȷĵص㣬ȷķʽȷʣԼȷλ񣡡
ȻưԹʡһá̫ˣڹʡô꣬һֱδǸܣ˵Ҳգ
ѧԾЦеģȴޱȡ
£ǸɵŮˣǺǡǾΪȥˣҲһҵѪ»عҵ壬кβɣ
壬Ǻӵ壬ҳɹλѪȪλã˳˵֮ڲ
þĬˡøħѪǣ׺俪֮ţͨͨѪȪ֮·
Ҳҽһɱ䣬ԻȪ֮Ϊ֮Ϊӣ̤Ǹ˵е컯֮
ǵҲ֪ʱ𣿡
ҵȻ֪
ֻǣҲûκã
ҵǸ˽⡣ǿż֮ϣ컯֮ΪΣ
䣡
˵仰ѧɢΪһڵлͬһϵںɫдܵգϵķ
ɺɫģͺǺڳѪһ㡣
ͬʱ֮ڵĺɫѪأҲķܵķǣŵɵӣϵŵ֮š
ֻǵ֮ѿķ϶ԽԽҲøĺɫճʴӿŨŨаֻתĻȪ֮

֮УѧĴЦ֮Ժзİһ㡣
̶
֮ЩߣѪеģǸĪɣģһѪȫһգ
ͷںУһڻΪҺ壬ʧ

찡ʲô
ǹ̸
ѧΪһͷ̸
˭Ⱦǣ
˰ţȴ޼£ֻĿԼˣںУһ㣬һ磬ƤѪ⣬裬ȫΪޡ
ǵͼߣǸ߼ߣǶ˵ľżߣ޼£
̫ǿˣôӵôǿ
ֲľΧЩûմȾϺߣһŵʹ飬
ôô

ѪȪڵ֮ڲ
ֻҪ״Ҿףû˭ֹҾ£
ҡ
ͻȻЦѧһ¡
֪ǲǴЩƺһͳʱתڻеתȻܲܿͱûӵĺС
ɫһ»Ϊѧ
ɫʮԼಿλһѰ֮ǰոհװȥ˳
˾ֵ󣬸ǰ
ֻѧ࣬ĳǣϸǾȻһöʱӣڲĿתתĵδܻص
ոհװȥⳤģѪ
ôڱôһӣ
˶֪ѧʱ֮ôڡ
У
治ã
ȻصͶ˵Ѫ
ѧЦţһѰе飬ӰһΣٴγһӵߣ֮ͬǰǰ㣬ͳ࣬Լϡ
¸ȫ
ģ
ڱԼʴ
˼
ʵڵѪȪҶϵʱ֮Ȥ
оǶ²Դһͷ̸ڿȴԶԶ
ͨĹ̸޷γΣɣҲ²£㲻ϵĻģΪصʱ֮ڲϵʴȾ塣
Ȼƺ㱾Ѫǵʺ㣬ԿЩʴõ㣡
ɱļ壬һʼǾֻѧĴʳˣ
ħÿһ仰£ҵˣ³һ
ȫޱȣ׹ߣ
ֱִ̫ˣ
û뵽һֱݵļҰұҲڿѰҵѧ񣬾Ȼӣ
Ҷ˵ʳԴ
Ͳ棡
ǹ
ģ
ӨоԼһ̶ˣһֱ׷ѰĿ꣬˵ľ֧һ̺Ȼָ̮оֱ޷ݡ
ʹ֣
һԽԽ꿪ʼ粻еķһ̱
ɣǺڰģ
Ҫ磬ȥĹۿ硣
ɣܵk
ɣΰġ
ӨԺУƺĪеʱͼԽԽȡ
ĳĳ־ƺڴڣѡ
ޱȣȼյĺڰա
־ϣƺʱռףһеһԴͷ
ӨĵͷƬ֮֮ϣ޵Ц⣬
һ̣˿ֲǣӵУкܶˣͬʱͷ϶ֳһһЦݡ
ôͳһ˵ĺг
г˸еֲеľ
ֻǣһ˭ûз֣Ǵ֮еѧˣҲһ
󲿷ˣħĻסˡ
ѪȪﵽʲô
ֻҪǣӴ֮ĻȪ·ҹҵκţ
ɣ



516 еӤ1

ѪȪ֮еʲô
˶ģ
ħĻѧһĳĬ
٣ʲôУˣͿ֪ˣ
Ҳˣ
ʽɣ
ѧ̧ͷЦš
ͬʱ
䣡
һԺɫڱ󻺻ſ嫵ɢܡ
ƺ֮ǰһֱѹԼڵ
ʱȫʼɫ䣬ٵ
ѧϢڲϵճĳޣ֮Ҳ޷̽ĵز
ϵѪػţɫѪҺͬһ㣬ΧʬɽѪʬ徹Ȼֱ𣬻Ϊ˽ʬһôڣɺɫ˫ۣ
ѧյһӽܵʬƷݺһ˦ȻĴӨϣ߶ʱͬڵһ㣬һײѪ֮С
һ롫
ѧӰ
԰ϸһצӣһץסӨͷڽǰ
⣡
ֹ
ħɫһ䣬Ȼ̫ѧΪרӨһˣǵҪɵ飬;Բóѣ
ֹ
ﻹû£ħзϸĴ֣Щޱȣһļ̣Ȼ׳һͣ滹ļݡ
еĴ֣Ȼҧѧϡ
ţħɫһ䣡
Ӳ
ôʲô⣿
оһҧںһ㣬⻹

ҹ
һֱ֣ץڶĴϣ΢΢һ£ͬǣһ㣬һľӿħֻоһΣ㱻קѧǰ
ݺݵڵһָ˲ħļһߵİӣ֮䣬ȫ鿪
Ҳѧɫ£ɲǼɻ
һӣħ
һ̣˶סˡ
ħˣ
ôǿĴڣǰһָ̻㽭ɽͷͷǵķţ˿֪ʶһ̾׵ˣ
ѧ̫ǿħ̫ˣ
ȻӳǾ仰ڻ࣡
Ҳ԰ѧһôҲǣħҲʲôѣ˵ı˰ʱ䣬ô˵ѧ񣬲ķѻħƺܺߣ
ѵߵǻǧ꣬˲·
һʱ䣬˶ѧȻסˡ

ʣĪɣǣҲˡ
һ̣Ҳûֹѧˡ
ֻǣһץסӨҪʲôһǱӵˣ̳ѧѪۣѧҪ࣬ӵܣΪʲôҪӨ
棬Ҫ
Ҫ࣬ҵģӨǼϣˣŹɣ
ֱİţϣѧܷŹӨ
ࣿ
ӴԺҲòˡ
ıҪһ䡣û뵽֮٣ĳɹˡ
ļƻյĽ
ƺԹȥӨѧϵЦԽԽŨ
ֻĵ֮ţӿֳԽԽĺɫŨʣ֮ѿķڲϼӴ
ԽԽŨĺڰֻϢϵӡ
ֵӿȪ׹ɭɭľҲ𽥸ֶ
ؿʼѿ
һͨ쳹صĺɫʼϵĶıֱȻڵ֮ڲ
ƺһ޴Ĺޣڲϵ˳
ڻһĺ˻ͽײ
ʲôﵽʲô
ٴУ
ڿѧ񣬴˿̵ץӨվڵ֮ϷܵѪغɫͺɫѪҺİɫâϣȫͬħһ㡣
ڰ
ֲ
սľ
ĴЦţϵȡ֮ӿĺɫǰϵ˻
û֧ţѾ˴󲿷ѪѪˣһͬƤͷһ㣬̱ڵϡ
кܶͼߣѾȥ
ˣĿѧ񣬾ʣķ𹬺͵֮ĪɣǣҲӽ
ѧѳɣ
޷Կˣ
һ˲ѪУһѧ壬ħѪǣ־˳֮С
ģгһɫ·Щ·ಿλ۶ȥɲǼԭ౻ųγһöҫʱӡ
ʱӸոһ֣ܵʱն˿
δ֮ͷ͡
Ҫǣֻһ۶оҪ룬޾ĺڰԨʱյĺڰ֮С

ˣڡڰųˣ
ӴԺҲƣ
飡
ѧһ֣ݺݵĲԼಿλʱӣƺܵΣϵָδ죬תţ׵Ĺԣϵ䡣
ѧһֻ֣׹Եʱ򣬲ϵı٣ΪɫҺ壬ձһգΪɢˡ
ԾԴԴϵĺɫӿʼΧʱӡǰ֮ţѪȪ֧֣޸֮Ƽ
⵽ʲô
ʱӾȻԿȪ֮
ǿ⣬ǱȻȪ֮Ҫǿ󣡡
ȻӲ˾ֻܾؿ̬չ
ǺȻķ֣ѧϲпֲĻȪ֮ҲֺɫճʣĪʱӡ
ߣƺźεϵ
˵еĻȪ֮ȻЩʱӡǺ߱ѹƣҲûкṩѧ޷ز
ѧ
ȻȪ֮Ҫֲ⵽ʲô
ǿΪλҪ׷ѰȪ֮
ڳշ
ԣȵȣѪȪ֮ŵųԼеʱӣ
ѵ
ͷԻѵķ𹬹˻࿴һۡоɲ
ѵѧһУļƻΪļıһеһУֻΪûȪ֮ʱų
ʲô̤ѪȪʲô̤컯֮ʲô
һеһУǼٵģ
еһĿģֻΪǰһĻ
Ļ
˶ϵƭˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ħǸɵΪΪѪȪΪ˻Ȫ֮
ޣʱɱȻȪ֮ҪǿӺαضһ٣ȥѰȪ֮
ѧ֣ѾӽĻദʱӣİץ
ȻˣΪıȡȪ֮ųⱾѾʱӣ
ɱ翵ĻȪ֮ҪֲĶ࣡
üͷſʵ
ǰʱӵ
ѧϵЦݽʧƺʲôϾȻֳһ˿־壬嶼̲ס
ں£
ôܣ
Ǹ˽Ҳ˽ʲô
˽⣡
ÿÿǸֲпľǹ¶ĹеĸоÿһνӴʱӣڱͬһϢѵʹ࡭
̫ˣ
ÿеһ죬Ҿ͵սľÿһ룡
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519 1
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˿̣˲ҿ׵Ӱɴ۾ŵ֮ţνѪȪڵ֮ŵڲ˵ǧ򣬲Ǽٵġ
ȴ֣澹ȻɫŨ֭ڲϵķڣӿ
İ׹ǺѪʬз֡ż֮仹͸԰׵Ҫȴ޷ֿǷŨ֭Һ


520 2
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ǺɫУƺֻܴͨЩ
ڣϱһֻ޴ռš
Ӻܴ״СһϸβͣĴ֣Щץ˳
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֮Уںˮ֮зʬ꣬ҽӽܡ
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˿̣ϰȴɫӰͬСһץţȴѲ
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ץŴӣһſˮһһİӷĺˮ֮г˳
۾ҲͷβȴǳĳͬһŴ˼ʮ򱶵Ĵ򽡣
һٴͣ
۾ԽԽȻһ̣ӾȻ۾β͵Ӵѿβͬһ㣬ٵӻ˵֮
ץĴӣֱһ绯ΪʯһĶ˲顣
ӡˣ
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סˣüͷһϵֱ˺ˮУ
ֵС㣬ôˣ
˷ʳΪԲˡ
ãҲ뿴֮ڲΪΣ
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껸оܵ¶ȣ
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ѪȪֻһһˡ
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ڵ֮ŵζƲȥ
Ѿˣ
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Ǳķӡ
ѵѪȪ֮Ǵص磿
Կ޴ʹ⴦֮ϣĿ棬ƺǣһ磬׹
ԶԼԼģƺɫڣͬһ޴ߣצ־塣
Щͬһصϵڶλǣ·һ޴Ĺ硣
˼ʲôģ
һͻƣǲһ׹䣿
⴦޴ĺɫˮеʲô
Ȼһ磡֪һ֮⣬޾ңԶڣ𣿡
껽ͣڹϷҼ롣
·ܵв
ǿƺƬ
ϸֱ棬ƺħѪǣϢЩƣֻʣԶ߹󣬲Ī⣡
ڵʵǾ޷ͻķƬ֮еġ
֪Դںִڣֲ̫ˡ
ǿĳ̶ȣ껵ı壬ҲԶԶ硣



521 籩1
ô뿪
껿϶ͬ⡣
룬Լ޴żԶ֮һȥʵ˲ƵٶȣҲСĹôʱ䣬ʱͣ磬԰ʱͣÿһؼһˡ
֪ЩʵжԶ
Ȼµ֮ǰ򼸺һһ
ͬͬĹͬ
ڣǾΪЩκҪУҪӹ
껾ãΪ˺ߣ
̫ǿˣ磬ǿԵ˼ΣΣ壬
ԣ˿̵ֻܲʵΧۿԶԶĸƬϢһ˿˿̽ŹϢ
Ƭ֮ڣƺһƬ磡
羡ͷķ磬ƬдŻҽܣ볾ζ
Ũ˼µֻ
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ĪģͻȻоϢȻŻȪ֮ȴЩϤ
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һöʱ֮Сһŵģ͸ʱӣڴ˵ƾճ֡
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Ӱޱȣһ׿Խʱӱ߽Ӱ׻Ϊʵ塣
ţδʱ׵Ĺ԰˿â˲嵭


522 籩2
ڶʱ֮ܵմﵽ˸߳
еʹǣһľǰһ״̬Ѿܶδˡ
һΣ䣬˿֮
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˿һȴۿһζûС
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̫֮ʼ
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ԭڰ֮ȨѾȫʽƺkΪ̫ҲΪ
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˿kıҹȨ֮ڵ״̬
λʱĹ񣬶ΪޱȼɵҪ֪ô񣬰ʱֲ֮֮ȵȶʧʧ䣬սյӮ˭
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飬Ҳ˽ⲻֻ֪࣬ս󣬱ѹǨƽ硣ʲô־ô£ͺһγɵǽһ㣬˭Ҳֻ̫£֪ܡ
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Ȼ˲²ȣһľԶϢʵ֪ˣһۺʷء
Ʊػд̻ܶļ¼ϢԼĴ֪ʶ



523 ͥ1
硭
ǿһΣյ򰡡
֮⸡գ͸գעѾʵӴ㾲ţðջĿ⡣
ڳ죬֣ǿ˽⣿
֪ΪΣ֮ûн⣬һ޹ؽҪ⡣

죿
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֣ȫ磬Ĺߣջѽѧĺͯİ
˵İΪֵˣ̫ĴںۼһЩĪϢ
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λڣѧйܶĲ²ۣڱʱڻҪԶԶʱùҲеĲ²⣬ĳЩĳס
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kôȥǷȻ֮Уһ֪
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֮⣬иǿĴڣЩ
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硭Ҳ˵ˣ֮ͥһΪһϣΪڵʵ硣һһϣΪ硣֮ͥѹһаǿѣ׷׶λһЩаѣһƬϣΪ޵Ԩ
λ£²kܵõһֳĲҲ֮õаһҲԨ֮
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ڳλ˵еĴڣûУΪ˶ĺۼȥȴö֪ˡ
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˿΢棬Ԩǵһ˵
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֮ǰ壬Ķ˿¶һΣϢ
ЩǣҪ뱾ԣйλҲλϢᣬõκε֧֡
籩ԨҪع飡
ҵҪЩһżνĹʵôȡ



524 ͥ2
޴У˿̵Щѹ֡
ΧգҲʼ㲻ͬĻ
бȴִѪͺڰ
еδʱӡ
Ҳǳܣޱ޼ʣֹĹͺ嫵ա
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һ֣˺գƺƵ϶⣬һ˲ɢص
ڵϣߺλָ֣֮ϵȥ
һ̣ƺȨλֻêιˡ

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УϢѹȶĹ֮΢΢ǰб壬޴Ľ˿ǳǿҵѹȡ
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״̬˿Ҳ˿°Ŀ˹֮ϡ
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սգһ
һ


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ܵĹ֮ͻȻɢ˿ֻ֮°ǰб£ȥٴĿ˾޴ϡ
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ǣֹ̺ĹԼϣ˿ŻѡȥԼȨֻһ
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ǵŤ׿յġ
˵Щʮе飬׼ˣ
ǵ⣬֮ɢɢٴθֶ



525 ʮϢ1

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Եȥ˰ȨΪȣ֮ûйֵĴյ۹Ĳӡ
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526 ʮϢ2
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527 һУֵ1
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;ôйƣʲôϵ𣿡
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ΪǶ˳ĳԿ˵޷ȴ
׷ȥļˣӡҲ൱̡
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һƬ˿ͿǰԶһͷױȵǿĺţƺڳ˯
ھ޴İצ㣻ӵĴ֣ЩֲʱЩƬռУȻƬ֮󣬾ʹı٣żС͵Ĺ챻ץֱӱͷɡ
ͷϵϢ˿ϵĲ١Ҫǣһͷ͸оͷԷͣµȾʴȾڼӾ磡



հ֣֮
ֱ
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ǹֵ֮һµȾԡԽǿĹֵȾԽءЩЯĹʴҪء
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һΣ֮԰˿һΪʮеһȷʵǹֵУҪǷһֵ֮
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ôµĹֵԶ
ҪģЩֵɲĿƣСֻŮλӰƣ硣
ĹֵǳأԷ֡
ʱЩͷйصĹֵϳ֣˵ɺ¼ء
kǰҺð֣Էֹκα䶯



528 һУֵ2
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ҲпһеĻ֡
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ܶȡô
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ȻЩֵټǽ֮Ҫ½Ǵģ룬ͨƵý飬пܵĻԾҪȡһֻ
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СһЩĹֵûôעڿ³ģֻУż
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ȤĻȥһҡ
ϾҪǵʮмƻعƻֵҲҪġչ飬ҲҪЩӴһ
ԤУս֮ͺ籩֮󣬾ͻдҵ
׼ɡ
˵֮꣬̾˿ûһۿ³Я˿ٴη´



529 յ1
֮飬֪ʲô
鷢֣֣ѵһʱͳɢ
ıҲѹȥ
ˣǣʼ⵽̻ǿǵ־ɱ
һʱ䣬ȻΪıȴҲֻСΧ𵴣ܿƽϢ
ֻǣܶ˶оƺǱǰһֲѣƽı
Ҳһ죬ĸ߲㣬֪ԨĴڡЩǣʼֶΣ̽ص
ϾĽ̻Ԩ֮У̺ܿǿĳС

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ھ޴ϣĵˣ档
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ս֮ڱУ

۹
֮ϣڶͳߣҹħŮԾͳƬĴء
ֻǣЩ˼顣
Ҫ֪ҹħŮ˿һս֮һֱͳ۹˵֮󣬸޷ʵ磬ͳ۹
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磬ƾǻȪҲ˼֮ڵ硣
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м֮
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Ȼɫˮ֮ȥͻأĳһ޴ֱѿĿ֮СɢĻȪ֮ˣΪһȫµĵ֮š
ǵ֮γɵԭ򣿡

껿ԿڻȪ֮ӿʱȻһתΪȫµĺɫ
ڣֻкСһɻȪ֮ݶ󲿷ֶɫš
ȫµγɣƺ˺ɫˮ֮кܶ಻״Ĵڡ
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ЩϢ
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üͷЩ⡣
֮ǰǸƹȥδԼᵽյѼ
Ȼ޷ΪʲôҲ˽⡣
ڤ˼Ƭ̣ȴû˿ջ



530 յ2
Ȫ̺֮صϢ
ƺյ⡣
ǷϢĺѰʲôڡ
Ϣ̺ŨľµĺڰͲ飬껲
֪ʲôŻ˺˵
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Щ̺еϢҲ󲿷ֱĥ
껲֪Ȫ֮Ƿ̺ŸϢȻʱʱͿԿһɻȪ֮Ǹ֮ڼɵص顣
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աѡ
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һ⣬Ǿ൱껴Ӹϳ˶ҡ

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Թ䶾ȴϲֻѹ˵һص㷢ӵ˼°ˡ
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а

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ֻҪҽ֮УͻᱻЩʱʴֻʱӵĵδҲУʹǾżߣҲܲסʮ֮ϵʱ
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ڲлˡЩӨĴ£ͬѧһ㣬Ĺǡ
ڿӨ˿֮в̫۵Ůӣ˿ȴӢһϢȸոյѧҪǿ
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˿̵ʶ꣬Ըȵȣһӽ˳״̬



531 ֻڼе1
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˵Ĵڣѧ¶˾ģ˰ļƻ
ˡ˭
üͷָûϵķ֡
k֣ѧļ֮У˵Ϣǳģ
ûòû¼ûн̸Ϣֻ֪һˣ



532 ֻڼе2

ܹŹֵ״̬
ѧļ֮Уôһ˴ڡ껷Ϣȴһ
˼ǣǸҲӵе֮νʡѧҲǸϵһЩص㣬Ƶİƻ
ˣ껿ΪǷѾĬֵļһ
˭أ
һҪԼϹ⣿
껳˼ţ˼ֿܡǹ˿ʮ֮һҲǹ˿̤Сֻˣǹû׼ƹȥδԼҲ˴ڵĺۼ
ϵ֣Ʒ
һִѧǸˣݶΪˡпܾԼ
ʱѭ
ĸ裬ڣȥδͳһң
ȥʱա
Ƭ̺̾˿еĲⲻûм٣ٴ
ַ˷ѧļ䣬ͻȻһ깵λãһʮϤ֡
츣
۾ͻȻһ
򵥵֣𶯣漴е˼顣
ôܣôҲ츣
ѵֻɺϣ
껼æ鿴ѧй츣ֵϢȴֵϢͬ޼ҲֻڹʡǴΣյĹżпֵϢ
ԣʱͦ⣬ӳȽ̡
֪Уν츣ӦǺܾԶ֮ǰѾżǿߣܿѾ˾żߣӵ컯֮ϵǿʵ
Ȼ껿ѧڹż츣Ϣһп֡
ֻ츣֣дġ֣ȻǵʼʵпЩعŹֵķʿӵе֡
һԴ֮أ
ʼʵ۰㵽װԼ
յѾҪˡ
˸Ȼֹ
ȴҲȷˣ츣λһʿ츣
û뵽һȻҲ磡
˼飬ģ껶֮ͨţ츣ѵȴ˿̵Ҫǿ
˳һ¹츣⡣
λһʿֵʱԭʱͣǰĵ򣬻ǧǰس
Ӻλǰһ۴ĳصƷʹʼʵ۲ϧķȫȥŵʼʵꡣ
һϵб䶯
֪Ϣͻȡ֪ʶһʼΪʼʵӦǴȫײĵ̩ɽСУ츣ǴɵĴĹС
ʼʺ츣漰⣬ӦҪ츣ӺƷ̤Ϲֵ֮·
Ϊ֮
츣ģܾܿǹϲ磬λǩԼŮϹҲɵ
һصģųӡ
ⶫ˵԰ɱΪĲߡ
ȻƺνȷԿ׵ȵȣǴͨԿס

ȺĬǰָʼʵ漰ԼӵеǸ
ѵϻ񻰴˵еɣͥе磿ԼľͥĴڣ
֮£껸棬һ뵽˵ͨ³ǸСʮ̳Ĺ硣
ҲйأϾѧҲУҲġ
磬껻ۣҲ칬һĺΰ׼ʤû׼Ҳ˵
Ϊ⴦򣬺ܿǹǿͷ֮أĵkΪȡոʳĹ
ڣľͥĴڣھͥһ֯ڣ⴦֮أûпܾ֯һأ
⣬޿ܣ
ϲŮǲҲпܾľͥ
ϾϣûмŹ֣ƾõĹֵء
ҲΨһһͷӵ־ǿķǳ׵Ĺֵ
֮ǩԼŵһʱûֲĴڣûаնԸһϡ
ڿҪ׷࣬ƺҲֻܴͷˡ
ֻÿÿ뵽ϲŮǣƺ϶Լһ룬ҲǱ츣͵ӡɣ껸еЩ顣
ľ
˭֪ǲĳַʽ׼ԼͨһЩʽͷɴӱ˵¸գ
뵽ܵͷƤֽ磬ԾɼᶨƵҪصʽߺһ²˾Ųʮ
νûпǴĻȪګ
漴뵽һܡ
ԼֻǼðαӲƷһ֮ȷĸ͵ں
νصĻȪ磬һ˵ͨˡ
֮󣬹츣ģ֮ʲô飿
껼š
츣һƺʱͣ翪ʼ֮ǰ߻ĳЩ¼ʵ顣
ͱʱ֮ͣǰһԾһֱԾھɵʱ
ǲ֪ʮʳ飬Ƿйأ
һݾʮ֮һ
츣⣬ԽԻ
ݹʱͣ磬ͷƤֽ磬磬˼֮飬ǻȪƺ츣ʼʵʱͣԲ˵ͷƤֽ漰ʮ֮һĺڰ֮˵츣ʼʵʮûнȴҲ̫ܡ
ѾȷϺ츣йء
Ȫ磬񻰴˵е磬껶²νӡԿףǻȪӡȪԿף
ʮ츣ʼʵۣ
ʱͣصҪΪһļ
ʵ˸еľ
ͷۣ
Щһûһദġ
Ҫץͷڰ֮ͺˣkԴ϶ŲԼȤ֪ʶ
ϧǴڰ硭
ѻڵƬڰ磬껾ɫһ֡
kΪԼڵʵռ䶼ǴڰˣµڣѵٶȣûǴռٶȿ졣
Ծͬȹϵϣ֣ȴ޷ѣֻܱĵȴ
ʮ֮һĺڰ֪֮ԵθתƬ磬˵ƺԼ׼һͷ񣬲ŵԸա
껲ϱǿռչ֮࣬kҲŴѰҺڰ֮ټ̽⴦ڰܡ
ϧڰ̫ïˣڵռһ磬Ҳֻǲ׺һڡ
СĿ
ҪѰҺڰ֮ļѡ
ȻҲûջ
ռƶʱĹԼռЩռһЩݻΪγ˴СС硣
һЩֲһͿ̺Ĺ֣ǿںڰռ⡣
ȻһЩ֣ǴںڰռУӵŶӦʱͣʵꡣͷ̫еĹֵֹֻټҲֻΪԼռڵƺʱͣӦλãԲܹһЩ
ռѾʱܴͣȻĶҲٽǹֵֹϡŹֵĶҲû
ֻγɷĵģƺҲֻʱͣĹֵСǺڰ֮УҲռƿصһƬڰ緶Χ
ռڵĺڰ磬ܿ磬飬ʶͬͶӰڵ硣
ÿһ磬ÿһ飬Ƭڰ֮ӵһ
ڰ磬ȫ֮أ磡
ԣڰǺڰ֮׼ָεǿ
Բͷʱͣġ
Ȼ˵ʹʱͣͷȥҲңɼĴڡ
ڵ⣬һǸ츣ȥ絽׸ʲôȥˡ
һʮ⡣
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ͻȻ֮
¡
֮žҵ
ô£

Ȼһ
ǡ
ڵˣ
֮࣬껵ųױȵĹԡ

֮ŶĳַǳŹֵǿҵʴȾ֮ΪģʱͣĴӶȥ
ܶڵص׵оѹְɹϢ֮УϵŤŤ
һͷԭĵصʯħӲıŤһųһѪʡ
һͷص׻֣ɼµȾ֮£ΪһŹŹֵҺ壬Һȼű̹ǵĻ棬һȼա
ֲ£иʽĹǺи֡
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ǿҵȾµĵصױ죬ȱ㱻Щӽص׵ǿϲܵˡ
һʱӵ۹Ŀ󳡣ԭİһ֧ڿͬʱҲʱӵ۹ļ
Ȼһɾҵ𶯺ͻȻ̮ķ֮ܶڿİӲıС
¹ϱʱӵ۹ܲܲǰ̽ʱ򣬻ûüԮһŨŨĺɫ޾ĻҺа񣬲֪ΪͻȻӿ
һ˲оԮȫ˽ȥ
һ˲仯Ϊ˹֮ء
ûκ˴Ӻֵӳٽȥ̽ǿߣҲûκγ
ͬ״磬з
ôˣ


533 ʮżԴȪ1
ص׳ִı䶯
綼ˡ
ڵص׵ǿȾϢ˳ŵصӿ
ʱӵ۹Ŀʤ
۹ǣֱӱ˺һ룬һĽ̮ԭɽ֮۹ԭԲ̬Ϊ˲״̬
֮УĳͰȫӵصӿĺɫ֡
ô£
ص׵ôˣ
磬ǵصף
˿Ӱٴγ´
Ȼŷֹ֮Ҳһصʵ磬kĿ䣬˿ûڵkϿص顣
Ѿһԣͬޱȡ
صףһΣҲ֪ʲô
׼һдΣ٣ֱ񽵣
֮˵
kͬޱȣΪ˿̵Ȼ޷뱾幵ͨ޷λλá
ֻԼԼо֮ڲı岢ûгʲôΣֻǣһֱʮִĵĶ֮ڲǳʲô£Żϵ֮ϵ
ѵڵĵصױйأ

֮У껻Ȼ
֮űصĳֶǿҵĵֿȾ緶ΧڵأֵֿΪȾԴȪ
Ĵˣ
ȻĴڣ
֮ΪģȫͷŶһߵֿ˷һʹþ̽ܡ
ǰģһ½룬ӵ仯ȴֺһ䣬޾Ĺ⻪еת硣
磬ƺСƺֻһŹȴֿޱȣռҰôǰƺҪײС
ԶԶĿȥһŵſˮĹŹֳ̬
ɢϢΣա
Կʱһɹ籡
֮žײϣԲŲǰδе𶯣ͬʱӿȾ˼µŴɢȥ
Ĵڣ
֮أ
û뵽طĴڣ
ǸýԴȪأǵأ
˸ţһķ֮һʶѶǿ˺˹Źı߽磬Ͷǰ⴦ص֮С
ͬʱеһ״̬֮ţһͬȥ

˵һֱںܶص
ż񻷡˹УԴȪʱմѷȵȡ
󲿷ֶǵϷ֮гֵʮż֮һ
ҲԲż΢Щ˽⣬ǰУֻ֪Լ겻СŪĻˡ
ż򣬱˵˽ˣȷķλʲôط֪
֮ź껾һƻǱѰҳʮż
룬ҲҪλǵλá
ΪЩż̺Ķ൱⣬Ϊk²Щżпͷȥйء
û׼ͷĲʬ壬̺Щż֮С
öʱڹĺkۡʱ껱Կ϶ĺҲ϶̺һż
⴦żʮа˾Ÿͷйء
ֻǹ̫ΣգǴkЩ󣬻߹뺣֮ϣ˺֮У˵Ҳ̤
ԵkڵʵԵִֵطǿΪ֮Ļֻᷢk޷Ԥϵֶ
ʮΣգ
ջã˵ðա
ԣֻҷ£껻һλ
ż޷һȷ£һ˼·ص
ͬΣޱȡ
ʱͣԴӱǰļһ֮ߴɽϿգγضһЩš
ԭɽɽϿգkҲ޷̽
һʱͣš껵ǿǿдƣһһkҲ޷ֿ¼
Щص֮⣬飬С˿ЩǣȻһ֪
ɽ֮ϣҲտ϶С
ֻѡ뿴Ʋ̫Σյĵصס
ʱͣϺؿǾݡص׾жk޷˽⡣
ӵս׽֮صףk㲻ŵص
˽죬Ǹһ䣡
֮ŷײޱȵ򡣹侰껿Կ϶⼫пܾǴ˵еʮż֮һ
ԴȪ
һųռ֮غ͹֮ء
һа񣬹ڰĶ֮ء
һ˿ͶС
ȫء
һΣҪڵĻԴȪкؿԣ



534 ʮżԴȪ2
ͬǣһνż֮أ껲Ҫ磬ʱ֤֮ͨģԵkһǿʵȫǿ룬Ⱦᣡ
ڲżôҲֻΪ̫Сˡ
껵һ˿ǿԴȪ֮еоججģҲ֪˶ãֻо¶Щߣkû۾ۿ
ģԽԽȣƺҪըһ㡣
ѵ⸽Ķҽش
¶ȣ²нǧ֮ࣿ
ȻƬ̺껸еܳʧٴѣƬ֮ոһĳȣٴϮ
ǡ
һ˿ɢ˲ֺһ
൱ڸղˣ
ư⻹ûأզͻȻˣ
ҪҪôӣ
Ⱥ߰˴Ĺ̡
ÿһʱ䶼ǻ򳤻̣Īˡ
һδξͷΣȣͷΣȡ
ʱš
Ҳ֪ǵڼֺϣʮΣϰٴΡ
Ѿˡ
Ҫʮָߣô˵һ˿ȫΪޡ
ʹ൱ڱķ֮һڣҲʧһࡣ
־൱һκ濾һβûзֺϣֻǸоԼҪ˵ʱ
һ롣
һƺʲô˳
˲䣬Ĺâӳ
ܵľ󣬶ʱ껵ԺС
⡭
翴ǹ½룬޾âƵľͬk˻ԴȪ֮УȻһƬˮ֮С
ȷеǣһƬϷȼյҺˮ֮С
ڿ껣ʱǸһֻӤȭͷСĻҺɫڡ
⵽ûϣӦǻԴȪڲĳѵĹŹ档
治С
һԸۣͷһֻǣֻ㣬ϻһֻ
쳣ķ
忴ȥͬһֻŴĶţȴһͬһס
ǻҺɫȴԵӣ쳣Ļ
껸󣬹һЩϢҲԺ
ƣʥ׳棨а˽
˵ΪѪΪ޾Ϊʳںڰ֮УȴǴ󲿷аС
עӵпȾֵ壬ӵп¯θڣӵ˺һеѪڰа񣬽ɳ

û뵽һͶǱһֻӡ
껸һССĳڣӵзһ㡣
Ҳ֣ͬûȻᷢͬһײ
ɨһҺܣΧȻнöĽɫѡ
ЩĪ֮ǰֺκʧܲ
öѣȻֻɹһö
µĴʣ
̫ˣ

ʱûܵĻ
ֻصĽɫ׳棬ȫ껵ע
֣ԿΪʳ
ҪģĿǡ
ǹϢϢءôССĶרӺkġ
Ҫֳ֪һģǶڵk磬һĴ
˼ѵĸ߲ͷļһǰҵ⴦ԴȪżȻרֳӣıĳֶԼƻ
˸в²š
ԭļУֵϷԴȪ⴦żϢϷеѧҲ¼⴦ż˿
ǿõʵϢ٣ЩģɵϢжϳԴȪ֮Ƿĳӡ
УҲûС
Уǻ˵ֳӲԵk磬ûС
ɾ൱˼ˣ
ȻΣҪúֻӡ
˵׼ԺȥȪʱֻӻ벻á
ϾԼǴССȪŸֲ
kԼķȼյˮε۲Ƭ̡
ȻСǶ
ܿ΢̽һܡ
Ƭصȼˮ򣬲ֱҲң᾵ĹʯұڣżԿһööصĶǶұϣĳЩصĿʯ
ĳЩĳѶѻɡ
ʥ׳ġ
һЩѾܾˣĳѶҪΪʯһļӲʡ
⴦Ѩ忴ȥƺһĴڡ
̺ҲͨˮһһƣͬɫһĴڣֹŹֵˮвʱ֡
Ƭˮȼһ㡣
Ȼصˮ൱ԵkλΪ㣬εףʮӵ·̣סҲε˽ʮףȴҲˮĶ
һ޾ˮ磬kھˮеһֻصĳӡ
˵ܣû飬½׵ķΧڣԵεƬ̣ûмĴڡ
ƺһƬطѾΪ˵kĵ̡
Ϸǣǵkִ塣



535 ʮżԴȪ3
Ϊ⴦Ѩ͹Ϊʳسõġ
ܿЩӵĳ泲֮Ķ
ȻԴȪ֮п϶Ǵģ⴦ѨֻССһƻҳ֮ء
ŶѨϻ£ıܣоڼңԶķΧ⣬ĳ˺ѵkһĿֲвڡ
ԣ껵ʱԼִ并һǿٳȥ̽
سأѾȥĳѣ룬ӶԼצİЩȥ
ԣ

ģЩ࣬ζ
۾һûôѳ뼦ζ˵һģһ
ţը⣡
гȫȥԼצӣƤײ
ӵθڿе󰡣˺üԼ͵ʳȻûһıС
ˣҵĳ棡
ȻֺͿΪʳ档
θڣ
ԭΪЩǣѣܹеһηɳҲԱһͬ棬ǰ㡣
ԽԽڵһνʳθڵˣ¼Ӻ󣬷ļУʼϵϮ

оǵüûгЩСǵӣյҪˡ
צӣѸٵұȥһ·СĶɫ𣬴ʮӺ󣬱㵽ұڡ
ǹģˣٶʵҲ̫죬ʵķʳ׷Χ˵ٶһ൱ͨ
ȻȻͻʣҲܵɫĺ濾ȵľˣʮ֮ࡣ
̺ĳֺΣյ
֮ǰЩѣʮа˾ŶǾסɫ濾ȥġ
kʴȾʧܵЩѣ󲿷ֶΪЩ˿ûͦȥµkֺΡ
ſұϣɨܡ
ӵӽǣȽصģ˵ɵġ
ֻõ۾Ϊͨӽǡ
ͷϵֻǣǸ𶯣ߣֹߵȵȵĽ
żܸܵ
Ҫǣ൱С
֮ΪǴ
ӦֳϣĴˡ
һ͡
΢΢ſζ̣ӾǴߺһǻ۵֮У۵ԺԴ۳һӾͼ
Ӿͼ½룬
ֻſұϣkȴܹ۲쵽Բ׵о
ʹұĵطȻҲ͸ұڣұںĶ
ӦþǶǴˡ
Ȼžӣڵֹ֮۲ЧӦҲ̵Ľ͡
ΣԼԲ׵ķΧָơ
Ƭصˮ򣬵k걻ѹƣţЩɲǿЦġ
Զصĳӽǣܴ൱ĵͼϢ
ðսԼľ̽ҲڳΪϹ

һźɫĿʯţƺ
껡һźɫģĴָСĿʯھԼٶףұ֮һٶĵط
ߵĴҧһʯоͺҧһĵ˵ͷĻԼұϴ˸˽ȥ
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538 ͻѪ33
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539 Ļ棨13

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540 Ļ棨23
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542 û1
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543 û2
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ʳҪܣսٻغϣ
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544 Ĺ֮1
ԭ֮ǰĻ춯ккºܶﱻܵұ֮ϡ
ģһƽ׵ķΧ֮ڣͿͬʱֵĿ
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545 Īɶ1
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546 Īɶ2
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ţѪҷһǰδеǿг壬ķ껵궼˷ܲѡ
Ҫˣ
ͬʱڼıԵѪϢ
ʱһνʮҪ
ǳһҪ顣
˴νΪԺķչػ
ػغԺչǱѪǿȣ츳ȵһжһνйء
̺ѪڤڤиϢ
Ҫػι̣ǿ󣬾ҪɲͬĿʯԽԽãԽϧԽãȻҲܺɡ
ԼõļʯЩʯͷƬĥһЩĩɡ
ȻԾ޷ӲޱȵʯƬҲֻܹβһЩϸ΢ķĩʹڳĳɳҲѹһݵġ
ѪĿӿʯƬĩãó忪ʼδ֪ķȥ
ϾʲôӣʯƬĩʳġ
˿̣껵꣬ų˳˯֮С
屻ɫĿﾫ֮ڣͬһŲǶұڵ
Ѩһλָļž

һߣʱ֮ͣС
껳ĳ˯֮ʣȫĸŵæµ
ڵص׵ȾѾʧصıԵǿֿϽڣۿҪȫ߱ĵز
ȾֱԤϡ
˵Ů˿Ѿͨҹ̻Ĵģ룬񽵣
ϧԾ޷ڵص׵Ⱦֻͽ͵Ľзӡѹ
ǵصȾأڣٶַǳ죬ȾԾҲе֣һʱ侹ȻõصȾû˿취
ԭŵصȾȫ綯֮ʣ˷˵Ĺǣ˿Ҳ쳣ΪǷ֣Եص׵ȾѾپڵصףǿӿ
ΪǴӪǽ磬׵塣
һʱǽ֮еĹǣЩԳΪаĴڣһΪʹߣϵĶݽ磬ֿصȾ
ԭĵص壬Ϊ׵壬ѾΪȾԭ㡣Ϊֹص׶һƬĻڰ˭Ҳ֪Ⱦĵصףڳʲôӡ
鶼ˡ
Ļﶼ˱졣
ȵȡ
̻ᣬ̻ᣬʱ̻ᣬʼ̻ᣬҹ̻ᣬ½̻ȵȣǲǿͨһЩͨص׵Ķߣ
˿־ǣʥ߽УҲʧӰ١
ֶζ޷ⶨ
ԤЧռЧзʥߣҲ޷ܵصһ״
ص޾ĻҺɫ֣һжΪδ֪
˴ӹе־塣
ص׵Ⱦô£
磬ҪʷһΣô

Ľ
ԭڻͳηΧ
ڿѧһηչǿ
ԭڸ֮е࣬һͨ
پǼ޴Ĵ󣬸ͨ޴ķоޣƼͧӴĵɻȵȣгɷٵóףĽ
ھɵʱֽ׶εǿҲ࣬ƼĿƻʱ
һƼܵȵȹͬ׵ʱ
ƼҲǳ֮ǿ
Ӱǰոʱͣչڣȹ˺ܶΣսҲסڸѹȡ
ڲϵսУɳΪͳ﷽Բϰ
ȻԾɱȲ۹ʱ۹ҲǶսȱʧ沢û̫Զ
˿̣ĵһǣԭĻ񶼡
ͳİٶССǣнİȫռ֮һ
һ񶼾ʱľ޴ϽĻС
˿̣ͷܶ˾ۼһ
״ΧһۼϣֻεΡ
ڶڻĴһŽ׵ľ޴Բӣһڷ12ӡ
Ůÿǰڷһ
ʮˣǻУϵʮλǿߡ
ųǿʱ۹ͳǣ۹Ĵڡ
дԣǿߣԺλصѩеĵʹ
Щμȫ˷ģһεӦͻĵصȾ
֮ʣò



547 1
˵ȫˣȫΪȫ¼ԲԿԼ
һֻһˣּıǨϮѹեͬͬһЩͻ¼
ĳЩ֪ʶϢҲԻͨޡ
ǿʮǷǼˣռһϡ
ٷ֮ʮϵ˿ڣԼٷ֮ʮŵľ
ͬһЩС塣
Ҳ¼޷ԼĻҲԶᱻӦգӦǰЭ

ԼԼǣʼʮλǷߣֻɼ٣ӡ
ԣʮǵΧСǣһ㶼ϴһ֧
ȣ
һԣ᳡Ȼ䰲
Բʮ֮һģһλ߻ܣɢĪơ
һװʮ꣬׵ͷ쳣࣬ŭ
ǻ϶ǵĳͯ
˵ڰǰཱུ֮Ѿ͡
ʱǨ֮ʽһĳһֱڴˡ
һʵѾɲ⡣
ܿĳеǿߣһʵﵽʥߵĲΡ
ԣԵһ᳡ĺ
֮⣬񶼵ѩװģǿ˹͡ȵȡ
һʮˣ
ЩˣּۣΣ
ȫ֮Ϊཱུٺĵڶδ
ȫڵص׵ĺڰȾ
һγȻЩ޵ĳ
оڸڲ쳣¼ԽԽƽǰܼܿ£һŻһ쳣¼ڼÿ죬ÿӣµ쳣¼
һεص׳ķǳͻȻǽలȫ޼ɵƻȫĻֹĿǰΪֹȫ֪ǺСͰȫУʧʮСͰȫ1425漰˿ڣǧ򣡡
λȥ඼֮СҪ֪ʹԵһγʱҲʧ˼ʮ˿ڶѡ
˿ڣ𣬼ựһ˿λҲ֪ཫҪʲô״ܱЩһֱǵ壬ɲ˺õĻġ
뾡Բߡ
ͯܳ˵
Ҳֲ˽дͳεǣԶ֮еص׵ȾӶ϶Ҳʮ
Ϊ˵ʮ֮һҲͬȫǿʮ˵ڵص׵Ⱦû˿Ļ֮
־ս̫ãǿǻµġ
ڲĸ̻ᣬǵ֮ʣ̼϶׵λ
ҪЩ̻ܲܰ쵽ӵ磬̻ˣҲǿ
ͯĳز˵Ľ̻ᡣ
ԣҪѡ
ΪˣһҴҵչ˵ͷᣬͬܵصȾǣȻŷ
һЩĽ̻ᣬȻƲͬͯ˵ǰ㣬ڲȻڶϣ֮ҲʱʱıСģս
ûκһ˿ڴģҪ֪֮˿ٵվȽŸһΪ֮λѹӻȫ඼ǵkͽ
Ϊ˿
˵ʵڵģȻǳĹ󣬵ȫ㣬ӵڵ˿ڣ֮⣬һұ޷ֺš
ȻĸʵܵͣҪʣ̶̤֮·ѣ̤еߣν֮һʮ֮һ
壬Ϊ幹ԭп;ʣӦС
Ȳ˵ġ
ԣƴľ˿ڣ
Ӵ˿ΪˣЩСһЩ壬û豸ҹڴŭͷʱܻըëϻ
ֻҪڵ˿ڣͲκս
һΣصȾտʼʧأЩ߲㣬ôܲ
ߣ˵ɣ
Բ߿ԣ
ڵص׵Ⱦ̻ʥǶ޷Ӧԡ˽⣬̻ԽԽܼȾѾòĶԲˡΪ˲òλȣλΪνϧ񽵣ȴҲõİ취
Ҫ֪ܱߵ壬Σյİ˸壬ʨ壬㣬ɯصʯħصװˣ飬壬ȷĵصʯħһ壬ѾԼʯħǣΪ˵صȾԴȪֻдèСèֻʯħڵص׸صװһһ֧ǰѾͶɣǵҲ˴鷳ϣ˿԰һ£ΪԸͶࡣֻҾܾˡ
˵ģԭˣѩǵİġ



548 2
ĺأ˵ʮ֮Уصףû֮һ
ǺУҶδ֪
毺ãһźһͷɫ
һĸͷէһȥʮŮӡ
û˭ΪһλŮӾ͸СûΪʵ䡣
ͳαѩǣѾϰʱ䡣˵ΪϵĴ֮һ
һʵ񶼵ڳʮУǰĴڡ
дԣǵʵѾӽжΪʹ
õĽͲܲܳƺΪҪõkˣ
Щӣ
ǿཱུٵʱ򣬾Ǳһֱͼȡǵİȫ
ҪûǴĻмǣ֮ǰƿŰɣ
صȾûʱ򣬶вģɯ壬֮⣬ЩŽġһֱڵص֮У཮ܱߵСǽɧϮ
ȣĳЩһô۹ȥȣ
ǵĿ˹͡һλˣ˵νȻ෢չڣ統Уûж֮ƣǸǰǽлֵġ
ǣԭĴͳ֡
绪ͳ໥֮Ƚ׽ԭ֮䣬Ƚ׽
һҲһͷβߣų壬ϣֻϵԭ
ԣҲˣʮ֮һֵȴûжСǺʵͶ
Ļڶǵ˵ͷصװһ壬һֱĸ󻼣Щһﲻʵǿ󣬻ܶǿҪǣǻ͵ѧĿƼɧϮǺͰȫΪ˵ȡֿƼ
Ҫ֪ĿѧҲǺܶ۲֪ʶȻһ磬һЩƼھãȵȣкܴĴٽáһЩĿƼĳЩǿ߶Ŀ
оĳֹߣԼļ⼼ϣ伤⣬˵вҲ֪֪Ǽ١
ƵĻоըѧħҩȵȡӵпѧǿߣǾнʽħҩȵȣҪ԰ȫһЩ
ĳЩʳͨĹߵȵȣǷҺܶ塣
ʱӵ۹۹ڲĲƷ
Ȼ֮УͬҲ۹Ʒ
˹͡Ļĵ˵ͷ
ҲҾܾȵԭ֮һϾ۹
ᵽĸ֣΢΢̾˿ڳףΧ̨֮ϵǴһҲ
۹ĸִʲôҲû˭Ǹˡ
һǿ۹վߵȼǿߣʥߣʹʹ֮ӴӰ֮С
վһλ飡
λ飬ͬڹ֮۹ĻʵۡʹѾ۹Ҳ޷һӡ
֮ȴ࣡
ֻǵkڶͽһˡ˵֮ͦġ
Ҫ̫ɵ۹
ЩѪ
ҲԹ˲Ͼ۹ֵĵصȾй֮޲Щһæذɡ
ܾڵȾ⣬ΣͻữΪ̲壬ŵʱ򡣡
һλʮ֮һЦ˵
̫ˣȲ˵۲ܽü޵ĵصȾ⣬ʹܽ
ʱӵ۹Ǳأ
ǣһȫզλνѣҲʲôദġ
಻һˡ
ʵ
ᵽʱӵ۹Ŀⶼһֱ˼ĬȻϡ
Ϊǿףǳλѩǳʼ̻֮ģ֪Ψһһжʹ
kû˵ֻǰĿⶼ̲סͶk޷޵Ϣ
УҲǹУͬʱҲǹ̻Ľڡ
˵һѩǳʼ̻һνԱųʼ̻һΪ
Ϊ˳ʼ̻ᣬʱ̻ᣬ̻󣬵k֯Ϊ̻Ľڣͳǿ񶼡
ʼ̻һֱһΪ棬ͽ˵ǲݵĵжߡдԵĳʼ̻ķѣΪһʱ̻ġ
Ҳ£ѩȴ֮ԭ򡣲˵ĸǵжԡ
ȻжԵҲֻ˺ǣ֮лһѩǵġ
ѩǣûз֮ǰ˵ʥأһҶڸ֮ϡ
ϧɽҲǰˡ



549 սĿ1
εľ޴УĿⶼһϡ
ˣһףĳϣοԿŽɫġ
һֻſʹŴ˵λס
̻ڣףʹ
дﵽжβų֮Ϊʹͬڴﵽİκ󣬾ͳ֮ΪʹˣǶʹ
ʥΪʹ
ʹ㼶ĶǿߣΪʹ
ʹ֮Ϊ
˵λ֮Ƕһ޶ʮʹҲ֪١
Ͼ˭ҲҲҹۿǾԻ˲䱻޾֪ʶϢ屬Դ
ֻûκδܹԵk
һƣȶŨҡ
֪ĹͬҲʼ̻вͬȻͬһУ̻۵ĹԼˣûůһĺأȶ
ͬһ㡣
̻Ϊ˽ϣǴһĶ棬ǳΣ̷ʼ̻Ϊǲˣϣ
ƾǹ̻ӳʼ̻ѵԭ
ڹ⣬زͬ
ҲȻͬΪһУγɵĹ֮Ҳͬ
Ҳо״ͬһУͬһֳϢȴͬȵ״ҲȻͬkֱ仯ֻֻܴµĲ²־ȵйء
ȱĶ壬ֽ׶ֻ۲졣
ͬʮ״ԵkΪͬµķѣ̻ѶҲǵkʩһЩֶδٳɵġ
˿̣ĿۼԼϵʱλ̻ڣ񶼵ףû˿Ķݡ
µͬŮһݣûһ˿ɫѪɫҲûС
ʱӵ۹
ûֱߵΰ֣
¿һ˿˿ĲƺЩܲסѹ
kܣ׵ûκͫ׵ȴԵޱȣԿʹģ̬
Ϊеʹ壬ֻǱ仯̬ʵʹ̬۾ڵ֮ء
ҲǲѶΪ֮еȼԽǰ̺غ֪ʶԽḻҲıɽӽ̬
ʹ㼶ʱ򣬿˵Ѿ൱ڵϵ顣
񲻿ֱӣʹҲá
ԣ󲿷ʥϵĴڣʹʹ֮ȵȣڴ֮ϣѡⱻͨ˿ˣֱӱʴͷ
ʱӵ۹Դλ֮󣬵ڶѳŵĵ۹꣬λпףѹ˶ٷߣʱӵ۹ͳǣҲԶʱӵ۹⵼ʱӵ۹Ĺǰˡ
ʱӵ۹ҲصĵصȾ⣬λѾټͳ췵ʱ֮ǣǽڵȾ⣬ôţʱӵ۹ʱûйֹǡ
˵֮ǰνԼʹţʱӵ۹ǲһЩǿ߹Ŀŵֹǵġ
ǿߡ
΢΢ǰбһ壬΢΢һ˿ŹֵЦݣֻҪǸҵͬ⣬ôó׼ɡ
ʱǿߣҿڴѾء
ĻΪ֮һСǣûصȾϮģѾʼԼԱ߻ʲôǷţָŵ⡣
֮ãһֱŬչ࣬ڿ¶ˣܲǾϲ
֮ǰһֱѹţֻΪ߲㻹û׼ãʱӵ۹۹ǳɵ
ڣӴĵ۹ܵĵصȾصĶ࣬ͬһ㣬ֻмܵвʧ˼ǧ˿ڡ
ȻҲʹź棬ʧֱëëˡ
۸ƵصȾȻŵʱ򣬶λϵ˼ȴ֮ǰõ
ս٣µ齫ʤе
籩֮ս֮
㣬Ǳѡߣ
ڹ֮л̺Ϣ纣籩֮ս֮Ϣ
Ҫһʹ֮ĲΣȻеıѡߣں籩֮ս֮жѡһΪµ顣
Ȼ籩֮ѻãᵽƿںǱߣʮа˾յĺ籩֮Ǻ塣
ԣĿֻ꣬ʣս֮
Ȼ޷ֱתΪ籩֮ս֮񣬱ϾǲڵУ֮ŵߵkֻҪkսķߣ֯ߣʤߣս֮а㹻ҪĽɫôս֮ĳ֮ڵkڸ֣֮ͻȡkĹ֮Ȼkڶʱڣλ
ս
һϯȫսԺսֻ㹻սſ԰ѳ֮ӹĺϡͶ
ʱȷʱ䣬ȷĵص㣬ȷʽȷ;
صȾʱ򰡡



550 սĿ2
ʱӵ۹
ʱ
֮ϣ·ʱӵ۹ѧߡ
࣬ҲйĹͬҲߡ
˿̣ģӹѺһͷǳŹֵĹڹ֣ȴֲǹ֡
ϰǰֻѪܵĶۣ°һɳһĺɫճ
׸ߣռƽҡû˿ǣǱѺҲϵĳŹӣҪ
ػأһֱһֶΣǶɢ°Ϊһ壬Ϊһ̲ѪŴ
ܱӱĳ˻ȥ
⵽ʲô

һѧߣԼ۾ƬΪ˵š
Ȼû˵꣬оĳĿ۶һ䣬ëֱ
ͷһԭһͷĹֺŭ
ȿȣЦЦ
ǹ֡
ѧ߸ɿһԼΡ
Ҳԣⲿ֪ܲЩʱӵ۹ڲѧߣ֪кܶϵĴڶڹĹ֡
˵壬ʱӵ۹ĸ߲һ£Ҳ˵ŵʱӵ۹ܿһȺĹֽġ
⵼ʱӵ۹кܶ飬ԳΪֵĺᣬǼ٣Ͳö֪ˡ
Ȼʲôֺǲ֪汲ǹ֣ȴҲûиκ֪ʶ
˵һֽɣ
ֽ׶ΣҲֻʱӵ۹Щ߸ϵǣŻ֪Ϣɡ
Ȼǹһ壬Ǿ˼ˡ
ⶫӦüǵôİɣ
˵һλѧߣóһžʯӰ¼˵߲˳
ֻӰ֮Уƺһʵҡ
ʵΧ£Ųʱӵ۹ѧߣƺоĳװãװ缤һķĴװãһ㼸ۿɼĲƴӷĴװõǰ˴ͷλɢʱһõĿռͻȻֶ
ͬԭĿռϣһռ䡣
Ӱ֮ӿ
֮Уʵѧߣһʼռʮ˷ܣԿԿߴﹾ˵ʲôƺͻأֵĿռ˽⡣
һεʵ飬ǴռΡ
ȻӴӰпռӿʱһиȻֹ
ûоţҲûмУһ˲䣬ʧӰ١
һͷӰ֮л˳
ͷǰĵĹŹ⡣
ѧֹͣ˲š
˿˼˵
ӵһκཻѧϰŲֶǾͷֵŲĳЩռ䷨һЩǿĿռ䣬ĳЩʱżǿĿռ֮ɢſռ֮ģǶżĵŲ
ռ֮⣬Ųķ֣ǵõһȫµѰСżķ
żȻ֮䣬˳ŵ۹ļأλ磬ȴٷֹʱ򣬻⵽һɸӴĵŲ
ɲĲҪǿңֱ˼顣ѵıԵ̺һӴ磿ţ
˵˹꣬˵꣬Ͱ⴦Ӵ֮С
ԱеϺȷ⴦Ӵ磬аٷ֮ʮŵĿܾǴ˵е硣
磡û磡
ֻ֮еһ磬һһҪӴ硣
ѧ˶٣Կᵽʱڳ˶Ȥ
֮ϣޱȵ䡣ĵ΢΢һĿƮ·
ʱѧ߾Ǵ˼Ѫһ㣬˷ܵ˵
˺磬о˺ܶ࣬˺ܶصʷıе˵֮棬е˵ǱǵӴ磬е˵޾а֮
ڵʱǳ⵽ӴŲһֱûκΰ취С
ֱǻ֮еװó֡
װҲѴͨģǰһʱ䣬ȫĲǰδеǿңǸװñô˻ᣬһٴ򿪵֮š
֮飬ȻһС⣬³صʵ¹ʡûйϵ֮ŵķѾƿأһ걻ȷ
Ҫǣǲ׽ֻҪо͸۹˳֮ţڲ
ʱһ嫵磬Сؽλ񣬳Ϊף
ѧԽ˵Խ˺ĳ죬ƺԺѾľ
ϷͷصĹֳ︡
ֵ
ǵģûͷĹһͷֵһͷĹֵֵֹֹڹ֣ΪӵзģԸ޷ɱû˿ǣ̺źǿҵȾ
ֹһ˷֮ϡ
ģڳ֮൱Ȩ
磬ģȨ
磬Ժֳ︡ҲʮλͳˣһЩ
Щڶʱ֮򶼲֪ΪЩ磬λ񣬻Ҫ˽࣡



551 1

Ȼ󲿷ֶ̳УΪ˺ҲֱӽΪ˵ڶʱ֮
ҲͨԼŬȡһС֡
Ȼƫ㣬ҵŬҲǰ׷ѵġ
ĬĬš
漴ֿ˿·صĹֵֹƬ̿ڣӰһΣʧ
ٳֵʱѾһ޴ʵС
ͬһŴķĴװãܱߣΧ£źüλʱ۹ͳ졣
㾲عۿŷĴεװãԲ˿ѾԿװڻ䴸ͷλãĵ⣬ϵĻžžģڲһ֮
ˣˣ
ֻҪ׺俪ͨŻǸƻͿִˡƤС
ۿԼļƻҪɣһֱϣҲֳһ˿ϲɫ
䣬𣡡
ΣգŻһֹʱ۹޴ѵС
㲻᲻ף˵ζʲô
˶Ķ䣬ÿÿ磬һĺ¡ӣȻ֪ͨǼͳ죬ҪŻ磬ֵصȾģ״̬ѵ仹Ӳ
𣿡
ûҾ𡣡
Դλ£ս֮ԤʸҲҾ𡣡
ȷе˵ʱĴкҾͿʼˣ
䵭˵
Ҳİ֪ôƾʲôÿһζһһΣ޾ʧ͵ȴУʲôֻǸصʧ
ǣҲһ
һս֮񣬺籩֮ԾɻûаϵǸۿǴǰߣûһ뷨
ֻҪҶȡ;ôұ֤뾡һа취սͺ籩С
ԣλңڰԼ
Ļܵͳ˸š̺Ϣԭԥģļᶨ
ЩİԵͳΣԭӹʮͳ죬Ϊͳŵʱӵ۹Ľһ֡
ȻΪ˵ҲС塣
䣬룬ͳΪһɡ
룬ãҲǵھţʮΪһɡѾΪĴΪס
ĺ͵ڰͳһɡ
Ȼڴͳ϶ŵkҹֵڡ
һΣµĳᣬֱӷ˿֮£ͳܽܡ
ƫֱӽˣզͬΪߵʹӣ˭Ҳ˭ƾʲôڶγĻᣬֱӰŸ
ǰ߰ʵնµģʱӵ۹Ĺ׵ȵȣôҲֲ
ֱӱ飬զͳûɶ˵ġϾһʼܵƫ㡣ҶߵʹӣǸһһӡ߹ġ
ǧʱ䣨ԭڲʱ䣩ˣʹµĳᣬҲҪƽֱӽĳһͳ졣
Ҳǳ˴һɵͳǣٻ£ͬͳЩҲԵʡ
ͬΪʹӣÿ˻ٶһЩĶϻҸѾԣΥͱⲻ˵ġ
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һΣҪ磬ѰУȻʮΣգڳջ£ЩͳҲ׷׶˼
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ʹ֪ΣޱȣҲϧ
֮евʵ֮еǰ취ŪҺеļһ
ôǿӲͳʱӵ۹䣬ԵΣյԸѾġ
һζȡгɹĻΪôڷǻսߺ籩֮ҲǿԵġ
ʮͳ˵һֱһҲԴԲûҪת鷳
һµУϵΪһ塣ǷȱĲʮ;ͷ
ʹûгɹҲҪǴ϶֮Уŵʱӵ۹ʱӵ۹׵ıˣԻ֮е
ô㣬Կ
ΨһҪģǼ˵䣬ǸŹֵ׺俪֮šΪ˸ģǵģͳһЩƷˡ
ѵҲԣ
̫Σա
ԣǲҪʱ֮ߴ򿪲źá룬Ҫأ
һӣгһ޴ͼ󲿷ֶעδ֪ΣյĽɺɫɫעš
ֻһС֣עһЩ֣ʱӵ۹ϡ
ǡ
ͼڳͳ춼𾪵С



552 2

޴ĵͼջչ
ԿͼĴ󲿷δ֪δֻ̽ĵ򣬱ʱӵ۹۹ˣɯյ۹żȵȡ
Щŵͼ̫ˣٷ֮ʮûռݡ
ͼܣޱ޼ʵ֮ǹûб߼ʡ
ͼ
ʱĶ
ûнڵͼϸѰţĿͣڵķ˲һŴһǣͬǵ֣ʾ˳
Ŀ̽ţնһغС֮ϡ
֮ǣ
ˣ
˵ͷ¶Īɫʣͬ˿һΣɫʡ
ͳ˳Ŀ⿴ȥڻ֮ǳֵ˲䣬ͳ죬۾һ
ͨ˿֪ܲССʲôɫΪʲôע⡣
ȴ֪ССǿɲ򵥣֮ڴ䣬֮ڲλ۹ףҹ̻Ů˿ڴ˳ģ
Ҳ¼ԪĿˣ
ӴˣĴڳĻʱǰ̨ǽ֮⣬أʮг磬鶼ʼ׷ʮУҲǴӴ˿ʼġ
ǰûʮУΪʮвģԭʮвмһ˵Ĺǣ֤󣬳ӵʮС
ˣ鶼ţԴʮУȷʵԳ
ͬʱ֮ǻһص㣬Ȼ˵ǣǺܶĸ߲㣬߲㶼ףССǣȴƿ֮У
ˣʱӵ۹ĵھͳ죬λųǻ֮Ļߣ
ҲǣССǣȻûһΣޱȵĺȴһֱԽԭ
Ϊǵս֮أ˺ܶսĺۼΣޱȵ֯Ĺȵȡǿξסϣִܶڣһ˽⡣
ԣ֮Ǳ𿴲󣬵Ǻպ
ҪΣޱȵķĴװðⲻֱƿ
ʹİţڴ֮ʣҲᱻʱ򡭡
ңǿʤһҲΪԻս
ֵʱӵ۹ΣޱȵĵصȾ⣬㼶СޱȣȴԼ٣ЩͳǻǷǳɵġ
һ˲ǣҪʱƿࣿ
뵽ͳüͷ䡣
Ϊƿ𣿡
ͬΪʹӣǧǵĻ飬ʹϣҲֻڲ顣
һû˿Цʹ߿顣
ļƻִСһΪӵŵսĸռҲ״Żפ֣Σԣǲ᲻֪ɣ
һЦƺЩͳǵ뷨
롭֮Ŵ򿪣һ򾡣ߣҲŽ֮У
ͳ죬һɺѪҺϵ·ͬһ֪·еĺδ֡
ͳʮͳ棬һֱصġòһ֪
ͬʱҲӽͳ졣ǰЩͳڲתλͳѾӵл߽ӽ˼ǵʵҲ֪١
Щɲʵ
λᣬʱӵ۹۹Ͼ˼ʱ򣬴šλ£ϣţŹ֮ҲڼӴ󡣶λ£ɲǵk뿴ġ
֮ǰѾӵ˴ڿƵصȾ£ȫֹţҪʱҪӭͷʹ
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Ļٴܵͳ˵ͷ
ͱ˵̬ƣѾʾ൱ˣҲʱ㼶ԼСܵܣһӭͷʹ
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ֻǡܸоʲôط̫Ծ
λʱӵ۹ף˼̫ˣ˵ÿһ仰ܲţȴҲȫš
Ŀ꣬ⳡƻ֮С
ֻǣʲôǾͲö֪ˡ
ʹ⣬ҲЩͳϵ仹ûвǵǶҪĵز
ֻҪȷҪ֮ѰУͬʱŵ;ļƻûͳɡ
ģӿȴһϷ̨ˡ



553 1
磬˽˷ӿʱ
µķ籩ŵصȾͻأĳ֣ʼ浱
ֻǣڵǣ󲿷ڵص׵Ⱦоµķ籩У˭Ҳ

ˡ
һЩ¼ȷŵߺ
϶ͯܣóһ
ԿǰҲһȫһĵ¼ᡣ
ҷеĵʮҳ
˰ͯ˵˵ʮҳһɢһͷ׷Ѫɫۣ˫ܣѪɫ·аӵƬ¶
ҪģĶͷһ·
·ȴֲͬ
ǣʮţҲ֮ǰ϶һǧ򣬷ֵߡ
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˿ԿߣΣյȼעΪǿXɫجμ
ᵽΪڲ׽ʱһ͸¶һϢ϶һǧ޾ɽ֮Уʱ񼣣
ͯܵĻ䣬˵һӣͬըһ㡣
񼣣
ʱģ
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Ҫ֪Ǹʱ񼣣˵֮٣һ֣һʮϢԵ
кܶİĴڣΪǸʱƷ죬ϱǨĿֲг
ʱ񼣣ʹĻԵȻǸʱż̺֮Ļ֮ء
ǳΣգԲ񣬾ͻ֮ء
ʱһݳ޵顣
Χȶܼͯ˵
Ȳֽ̻ļһ˵Ƿ١Ȱһߡһݣͳֽ̻Աֵ︡
ڽ·϶쳣¼432漰ֽ̻ĳ320ֵֽ̻Ƶʺ൱ȥ϶ȫ
ܵݣˣ۾һ
֪ʱ䣬ֽ̻ƺǳԾ꣬·Ǹ֮Уа̻ڻ
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ֲãʱ䣬̻ᣬĴҲľˡ
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ڸλ֮ųսֵ⣬Ⱥ޴ѣģѪ¼ϡŹ֣ŵù֮¡
ţֻҪѣϯѣѵս֮ڲָ֮ٴν硣
ȷǣ֮δֻʧ֮޾֮УһǸ̻Ҳϡ
ΪȾ֮ع飬ЩһϧЩǽ֮еĹ죬뻢ıƤҲϧ
ԣֽ̻һֱ̻Ķʱ̻͹̻ᣬǸǲ
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ԣ֡ǲòţЩһֽ̻ܿԣǻڣĳʱ񼣡
أǿ⡣
Ҳһ仰ôֽ̻ļһΪʲôҪЩ飿
Ҫֽ֪̻һɶǱϴԵӲӣаһһΪʲôҪ£
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ЩСǵˣɹ뷨࣬±Щǿã̲ˡ
ʵúã
üë
Ҫ˵쳣¼γɵԭˡ˵ʵʹڣÿ˶쳣¼Ծɸ㲻Щ쳣¼ԭ쳣¼Ĵߣֽ̻γɵģôλָ֮ع飬δ֮ա
ⲻǺ棬ʱӵ۹۹ͬ̽顣
ֻǲ²⣬ֵܺĳĹصйء
оֵãԵԴֽ̻ĳԱϻĳЩϢ
ȻᵽһΪֽ̻ĳԱΪϵȻ֮ȴЩͬ
ݳڽӴǸʱ֮󣬵õıġ
ǿȫµ֮
ͯһָиֳһ
˿֮˲䶼֮С


554 2
еľľ
ֻԭֽ̻ĳԱ嶼õģƲޡ
Ѫ׷ɣȫ˿ֲ˿ڡ
ѾĲˡ
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λֽ̻ĳԱܵƣÿһƣƬ̺ͻָ˹
̬Ļָ˾
ԣ
˶ˡ
ǿĲԭֽ̻ӵеģֽ̻ӵе֮ƻ֮ϡ
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ֱָֻӴ͸
⡭ô֮
ѵʱż
⵽ʲô
Ǹֽ̻Աأ˵û˵żڵķλ
ڶ׷׷ʵ
ɲǲģڵǻڻһȫµ;
ˣ
ͯܶ˶٣ϸֳһ˿Źֵɫ
ˣ
һ㶡
ôĻܷˣĪǱһĥˣ
ղŻϵЩƣҲһɵġ
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ڻָʮκ󣬵ʮλָĹУͻȻˡ۾죬һͷҰޡ
ͻȻʵҵĿ֮󣬻ҵʵңǿл
һһĹ֮ȫɢһɶѪ⻹ǹһĻΪɻҡ
ͯͷųһӰ¼ľλֽ̻Ա裬Ϊɻҵӡ
ʮΣ
ĴƺֻʮΣ
ȻҲ޽ʹõģʹõĴ۾Ƿ
ÿһθŷıԵǰһʴȾһյϵĸȫȾ󣬾߷Զˡ

ƵĸǼֱ޷ɡ
һ԰ŵİģ˿Ҳ΢ġ
ƵĸЩףвǺܴ
ȻɱһΣôɱҲǿԵġ
ȻʹҲ൱˳Ծе̰
Ǹһˣʱ򣬸ߺʲôڸߺλ֮𣿡
ע⵽˾Уֽ̻Ա״̬Ϊûֻͯʡ
Ȼȴҡҡͷ
ǣ֮
ǡ
꣡

ֽ̻࣬ᣬĶǵʱ
˿̣صĻԴȪѨ֮У껽Ѿһ̡
ȫʰ쵵ĿʯѾȫڡ
˲ࡣ
ȥͺһͷţС
һĿ֮ϣص·һ˺ܶͻһþ
ĳһ̣ϵĹ⻪ȻţӯӯĹԣض߹
ڹ⻪и֡
һ룬۾
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껴ӳѣ֪߳ķ֮ǰ˽ʮӲҪһ׼ĻԹֵȼֻ֣żĹֵ֮ĻѾ޷˺
⻹ֻǷ
صķ𣬻ɹֵ
ǿȣԶѪмصǿȵȼӦ껵껹ɵЩʯĩйء
Ѻ껷ֶڿʯĿûнͣǿңֻͨĿ߳Ѿûʲôˡ
ǿ֯ѪԾ޷ɡȼ̫ˣԶǳԼԦġ
̶ȣӦҲʱ̽ԴȪˡ̽⴦Ѩ˵
һ˳Ѱҿʯ
ŬѰſʯȡΪһλ͵СĿ꣬˵һֱδı䡣
ȻѰĲֻǿʯҪǵģѰĳ
û
ζʮ󣬳ԼִķΧڿټˡ
еĴӣ͸äһĹ㣬ֲݵȵȡ
ƬˮУȻǧٹֵĸ顣
ԽԽࡣ
ȻԽˮԽ죬ҲԽǿ
Ҳ廨š
磬ǰߴ׳㡣Σûν۾ʲôģֻͷУһˮݡ
ҪʳʱЩˮݣͷ롰ڣȻˮŷصҺ壬ڻˮʳ
ʵ˵㣬˵ǳǵĹˮš
ڣǵġ
ôôģȻҲǿʯ
ƺкܶ࣬ԿʯΪʳġ
͸оרŵһ㡣
ѰЩΪЩϳҲ̺źܶ
Щʮʡ
ڳĳɳ൱Ĵٽá껼Լȥɿʯϻϳȡڳĳɳٶȣӿıࡣ
Ϊֹ껾Ѿ˲°֣ǧĿ
ʯ𾧣𣬰쵿ȵȡ
ЩڿʯḻĶѨ֮УҲ֪ôҵġ



555 ͳһң13
Ŀ껵ĳڳǿ
껶ŲԶ㣬Դˮݣҧҧ
৵һӣ˹ȥ
еӽͷеˮݣצӿһڿˮݣ˲껵סˡ
ڣ
屻ˮݲס˲䣬Լһټ˺ҧֱӰˮݴҧϡ
ˮݻûüʱϴŰԼˮݣ֮زز

һ·ϷٵܣֱܵԼһ·ףŭ㣬㬵ķ׷ɱ
Դﳤݵˮݣǿ껵൱ͣһס껿һҲá
νһｵһ
Ժ߹֣չԼǿҹſԶԿˮ㡣
Ҳ֪򣬵ʲôŹֵĵطеˡ
˿ԾɲԼˮݣˮݱĽģʹ˱壬Ҳûʧȥԡ
һ㣬⣬෴ЩüЦ
һ䲻̫ʢĻ棬֮ǰǳѨϸС硣
ôˮݣһ˽ȥ
˻
ʹ
˿졣
Ծû˳档
һǿȣŻڲŲһ㡣
ֻ棬һͬԽĲλƺԽܼ¶ҲԽߡ
ÿһ磬ǼٶȵĲ
λã1ǧȵķΧ
ֻˮݣҲֻЩƣûбٻ١
֮ɲΪŰ񣬶ΪֻȻ԰ڵĿʯǣһЩûõʴ
ֻǣǻΧҲҳȥ߳ס̫ãʱݵĻڳĴпޡ
ˮݰ껿ԷĴ󵨵ڻдԼǡǶڻĸֿʯԪأڻ˿£ԿĳЩʱһȡ˳˿ʱӴжڻԪؾȻҲһںϡ
𾧺ֿʯԪؾȻںϳһֻϿ
̺ϧʯԣȴһֿʯ
ңˮڱ˿ʱ򣬻ڳһҺ壬Һ屻գⲿ¸ѹĻ£ڲĿʣҲ˳
ˮݵҺ壬һ뱣á
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Ҳһα׷ɱʱżֵġ
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˿̣е껣۾΢΢һ
ܹоĳǿڷٵķչǰгôھ˸
ĶȥԸɻٶȡ
ֻǣ׹ķա
Ҫǣڱȼʺ󣬾ճ൱һֿռ䡣
ⲿֿռ䣬ǱóɸĿԼһɳ
֮ǰоֻ󣬶ڿƺûʲôرˣЩʯļǿҲ𲻵ʲôá
ΪǱѾҪͷҪͻֻ辶
ҲҪֳӣһ·ųԿʯɵ൱ھĹ̶ֵȣǼֱ̫ϳˣȹֲֵ
ֻż𣬴žֳӵĶ㣡
̶ȣ껲е⡣
ֻżĳǰͦǿģǶڵ˵ûʲôá
һ㡣
ֻ𣬲ôһ㿴ͷ
һĳ˵ɿ߹֣һ£ǿﵽֻ۷弶
ֻ壬Ŀ֧£һɱ䣬ʹﵽ˵ĳ̶ȡ
û̳Ҳû̳Թ֡
˵߳廹Ǳڡ
ֻǸôȴǸ⡣
껷ֵһַ
˵ףЩµѪУΪʲôǱһǿ̶Ҳͬ
еͻ˿ֻţﵽ˾𡣶󲿷ȴֶͨ۷ǻֻż޼
ΪѪȣ
Ϊĳʣ
ȫǹƨ
ֳ˶ܿĳǿͳһģ͸һģӸ̳һ
νѪʼһһ
֮ԳɳǿȸͬҲΪ췢չͬ
Ҳ˿֣Щͬ
һͷԶ̳ԶĳӣĳɳޣԱһֱ̳ͨĳǿĶࡣ
Ͼޣ̺ͨҲͬ
̳ǰߣɸĿﾫ
óǣںϳ˲ͬĽȼ


556 ͳһң23
ʵ飬ҲŶˣνʺѪܺҪĳ˵ȴĲҪ
ʤһС
껿ʼûעЩ̳˺ܶͨע⵽ЩҲ
Ϊӵǿǻۣ뵽ܶؿʵİ취
ǰֻһ
ͨ˿ʯȺں϶ȵ⡣
Ⱥýͣͽˣ˭̽ȥԽ࣬ԽռطǱһ̶Ĵףʶˣλþˡ
ں϶ȣñȣԾһͬˮУȷʯͷٷɳӣٷˮŽȥĶ϶ȹˮöࡣ
ԣҪľǣҪѰԼŪ̳ԵĿﾫ໥ںϣﵽңĵز
ӦûԼѾ˵ǱףڳһЩط
ڣĻ棬ܹۿȡʣǿƿأоںϣֻ껵Ŀꡣ
껵壬һʯһĸϿ󣬻⹦Чܹȡ
һ̶ϣڲĸֿںϡ
ڣ껵ĿĴﵽˡ
ֻû뵽ͷڲˮô֭ҺȻԼ޸ڲ塣
ǰȫĿӡ
껾ãֱͲͯӣ
ʱһٸǿˮײˡ

ɡ

ż͵Ϯһˮ㡣
һֱظֲ衣
˺ǿһ̶Ⱥ󣬶ʼԵˮˣǿķ֮ˮݸס
Ȼ󣬱㳹happyˣ
ǿˮ㣬˻֮Уտpart
˸ˮݰʵͻͽ
ʮ죬Ŀ֮еˮ㶼Ѿ󡢲Ųòϧͣ
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Ȼ˿ȴ֣ȴûдﵽ壬ȻɸĿʯ
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Կнǣ࣬ƤѪ֮ϣһһĿﾫĤ
Ũ̶ȵĿﾫѾڹĳ̶ȡ˵̺пµĹ
ҪǣҪصĿﾫĤС
ٽһֱĤͻ˼Ϊһ壬ǵķͻʡ
ȻظĿʯ϶Уûʲôˡ׼ѡһЩûгԹĿ
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Щķʱˣﲢôҵģֻˡ
ΪˣЩָĹǵù͸ˣִһԵĺֱײ򲻹ķɿĲҪһһͿյļҵס
ЩԼ˳ȥ
ǵòóԣϾǳԿﳤģŨľأ
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1
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29
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һ޷ԽĿ
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561 Ԩ2
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ԨºţԨ־û˿ƣֻܣҪԨ־ģҪΪԨ־ǿģ
ѵͷʱͣ񣿡
kôģѵǸԨս
ԨںͺܶǿĴ棡׼飬飡
뵽֮ǰõǵѪ˼
һΣΪ˽ԴȪѰͷڵټȴȻ˸ܡ
ԨĴԣһ̶ؿ껵۽磬Ҫǣ֪ܶ񻰴˵еĶĶš
ֻΪʱ̫ͣˣʱܱͣߵļ磬ҲԱûκϢ
ʹģҲֻһЩǶǵĴ˵ˡ
һ£һ߼ԼǸѨ
׼سأڿһһж
Ԩ̫Σգֻ޷ֲΣ
ҪԴ
뿪ûúǾ޴ĿˮУе鶸ȻȫʧӰ٣˲ÿտյޱȡ
ʮֵĹ죡
һǿ־ƾպɨˮпʼ
һööֱҲǧ׳ľۣƾճˮУ˿ʱǸڣУ¶һ˿˼ɫ
ԿЩ֮Уڰ־߸ϵ顣
Щ۾ôССĶߣ֪Щʲô
Ƭ̺󣬾ۻʧ
һθ˳еεţеڲţеɱš
֮ǰĹʧȫû˿һ㡣
Ȼϸȥͻ֣ᷢǰһо󣬶õһ㣬Ʈ첻ټ٣˭Ҳ˵
һߣ붴Ѩ껣ȴȻһ
һɴûйǿΣͷ
ֲ٣
Я궼
껾͸оԼжһ㡣
ʲô
ٵ룬ȻôӣΣĸоȴӰΣûԽԽǿҡ
УӲ
Ӳ
ȥ
һǱղǴˮеĳֶˣ
Ȼ벻ףûгѨֻǿһۣôͱˣ
ⶢĶֲˡ
ǿԼͣΣ總֮һ㣬˦
ۿһԼܵĺ󷽡
̽ԴȪ飬ѾԼˡܿ漰񻰴˵еԨǱĳǿڶϣҪ
ԡ
뿪
һѸıչϵֻԭߵ֮ţȻųױȵĹԡ
ЯƿصȻٴײ˻ԴȪ߾ҵĶţȪһĻԴȪֱӱ˺һӡ
Ⱦ˳Щӿ
ԨļȾ
̺źڰ飬ңѪȵȣ
һи塣
֮ײԴȪѻԴȪ˺һӵʱڲߣһСС֮Ÿֶ
һţ
û˿ԥֱӴų·ˣ
ط̫ΣˣֻһֻССĳӣʣ黹ǽλдɡ
ӰƬѨУʧӰ١

ķ
껸ո뿪ұλãȻһֻֻ׵ֱۡ
ЩֱۣͬŮӵֱһ㣬ˮ趯šϸȥ׵ָָͷϣеĳһС죬еĳһֻֻ۾ޱȡ
ЩСһ۾ɨܣ¶Իɫ
ƺЩ⡣
ʱһȻ
ǣ
Ԩ
ԢΪҵ



563 ַĽ
ԴȪ֮
껵ıڳӻع󣬱ջе
k˹
֮ӦΪkѣҵĶţŻϵع·øӷܶӡ
ĿڻԴȪǸ˺ѵĿУųױȵĹԡ
ȻԴȪҲǼ򵥵Ļɫ֮ܵŵĹȾ˳ǵӣԸӿȵ̬
ͬһӾ촹ӣϲ
񲻰ʱͣȾϣ;Բݵӡ
ԿһЩŹֵ˳Ǹ˳ֻȴֱ֮Žɱķ顣
ûо껵ͬ⣬Բܽʱͣ磡
ֻǣȥȾԽԽࡣʹû˺ѻԴȪǸӶסȾȫֹͣһⶫҲữΪ޴Ԩ֮ţʱͻʱͣ븹С
Ϊһ档
ԣҪ취
²裡
ȻѾѻԴȪ˺ˣǸɴһѸġ
ʱˣҵļԨ
֪˻ԴȪԴԴϵԨ䣬ǷԽԨһأ
һץѪö»õʯƬС
ǰߵkʱûʱȥעֱ˸С߱kһãֻʯƬȫ鿪Ϊһ̵ľʡ
Ԩɣ
һƬƬӰͻȻӴ֮иֶ
ԻƣԴȪΧ£ָһʯƬΪ˾ͶӰ֮ڡ
һ
õӰһ˲ޱȣģӰ֮еĴðĹŹݣһֻһֻɫֱۣϵ쳤ŻԴȪҪһģӰڲ֮У
໣
ڤڤУƺʲô
޴ĻԴȪϣһȪУһֲֻ۾ֻ۾Ķ֮ţѪϵۡ
Ԩ֮š
֮š
߽ﲻϵܻص
Ȼȴû˿Ҫļ۾Ǹųܹģǵзѣ
ԣȥᣬɴѻԴȪ̵õġ
ţ֮ŶȻٴһ̱кݺݵײ˻ԴȪ֮ϣԴȪױײӰ֮С
ձЩɫֱۣ껽ļԨڲΪ˹ԨɳԴȪ
һУö޴۾ȴû˿ĶôĿǰһз
ڼӰ֮еһ̣߽ٴ
Ԩ֮š޷𣡡
֮šһҵģ
˵仰Ȼֹ۾ҲʧӰ١
û۾ֹԴȪܿͱӰһգ껵Ԩ֮
Ԩ֮ţ
ѵԴȪԨ֮ţ
Ҳͦģ
ֻǡ֮š˼Ϊʲô۾Ҳ֮ŸȤûǴĻǺڰ֮ƺҲʶ֮ţ
ַ飬ζʲô
뵽껿һռǾ޴顣
ΪֹkԾɲҴۿڲ̫Σˣڵ˾۷壬ҲûκΰҿԵֿסڵϢԡ
һ۲ͬˣֻܻ΢ӳôһˡ
ȵȡ
ƺַĽˣ
ڿ껺ܿͷԼַƺҪס
Ѿ˰ٷ֮ʮŵŵĳ̶ȣʱռһԾ
ʲôΪʲôͻȻҪˣ
ѵǣԴȪҲԨ֮ŵԭ
˻ԴȪԲĹؼ㣬һַŵ԰
ҪȫµŻŻַĽ𣿡
΢һĥĵ
˵ռأַĿ˵Ʒ֮һ
껻ַģռ֣kΪⶫַĵıأôʱ󣬵kѾζַֻһСְֱˡ
һСγַģ껻ãԼռٻ顣˵öַĵĻԴͷڴ˵صͶӰ
ȻҲ
껲ⶫʲôk뵽ǣԼܶҪļܣ֮ţԼ֮ţ
֮ƺǳҪΪֹѾֹһǿĴڣ֮ŸȤˡ
ǲַ֪Ľֻʲô״
µŻ
𵱳ʴ󣬿ЩǿŻԭģ̲סһ¡
γ֮ţ
֮ţ
֮ţ
֮ţ
ȵȣ
׻ʲôأ̫ڴˡ



564 ͨԿ1
ʱʼڵ¼Ԫʱ䡣ַڽĵز
ռһԾ
껵ȴյĽ
һ̣ƺںšŵռ䣬ϵЭ񶯡
ģ׵Ĺԣ𽥲ռ֮УһصϢЩӶ

鿪һССķ϶ƺ޾أи֡
ĺһ˳϶

ȻЩϤȻͰŮôһ֮
ôܣ
֮УΪаŮϢ
ΣҲ벻ףٴδ򿪵飬Ȼ͸¶Լ֪֮һ
ֻǿһССķ϶һ˿˿Ҳܿɢ껲ٴ۲ڲʴǼ¡
ʵǿʴȾֻҪûֱӽڲͲʲô⡣
֪ռ䶼ɫȾַ֮ĵĽȣһ˰ٷְ١
ַ̹ĻΪڤԴͷĺַҲΪԴͷġ
ֻǣַĻΪԴͷķǳ˼֪еһĹģǻΪһ׵Կף
ҲֳһԿ׿ףǰԿУò˽ȥ
Կףţ
ǽķʹԿ׽룬ͻᷢԼʴȾ״
ԣȴ޷Կ״ŻѵǻزſԴ飿
漴k뵽һܡ˵ԼռֻǸͶӰˡ
ȻַĽԴͷģΪ˿ԿסԿֻܿ飬ռͶӰ


껵Ĳ²⣬ڣôַҲйϵ
Ѱҵ֮һضһ
껵ַĴӺζ
ͷƤֽ磡
ͷƤֽһСַĵ򣬱ȡʱͣ磬γöķġ
ǻģöַģͷƤֽ֮С
ԣѵҪٴλصͷƤֽ֮УѰַĵĸԴ
뵽ҪصǸȥѰַĵ껾̲סüͷ
Ǹ磬kѾ㳹׷Ȼкܶأڰ֮ǸĸԴֵΪкڰԨ⣬Լˮӡ⡣չ˵һжҪˡ
ڽ׶Σ磬˼֮ڵĻȪ磬ƸոշֵԨ磬Ҫġ
Ȼô룬ʵȴ⡣
ͷƤֽƺַģΪ̽ѰܣбҪȥǸһˡ
Ȼڣ
ֽ׶ҪԾǹ磡
ȪԨҪ֮С
˿֪ʶϵļϢԿףҲ˳
Կ
ַĵĽ
ַĵԴͷ֮һ
˵һţ˵ҪһԿ׽򿪣֮ܳΪšûԿףֻһǽ·һ
һ֮
֮ܶ
ͨԿ
Կףʹǿдκ֪ģδ֪Ż֮ţ֮ʹá罨֮źʹͨԿǿԴ֮ţֶ磬Ҫ潨Ӧڵ㣬߼̳֮ġ
ע1һһѡͨԿĴڣϵдΪ֮񡣣2Ԩ֮Գ֮ΪԨΪӵͨ죬ͨ3ͨԿγɣ񻰴˵еԨйأƺ֪ȡԨһ˿ȨѾĳЩעˣСġԨ֮ʱԨҲע㡣
ͨԿ
껿ַĽγɵļܣüͷ
⼼˵Щףƺǳǿγɵԭ򣬺ܿԨйء
֮ԻγͨԿܣ˻ԴȪҲԨ֮ŵԭ
һԨ֮ţԨʱͣ翪ͨŻֻȴ̵ˡ
ԣ̺һ˿ԨȨͱַգݻ״̬
ԵĿŻԺٿ֮žͲǷѾˡԼȫԨֱӿŻЩ硣
ԼǸС͵ļԨ
뵽껵͵һ
ζţǲԺͿðԨˣ
Ԩţ
ƣ
һ룬ƺҲ
ת֮õʯԼǲǾͿһ磬Ȼ÷ȪˣעȫԼϣתֻ֮ӽȪĻ᣿
񡭡пΪ



565 ͨԿ2

껸ַĽʱ
֮
һפأ
¡
ɽֱ鿪ǱǿֱϵѪġ
̤˽ϻűȾż߸ӴѪЩѪ߶֮£γһͬһѪͼ
һöʱӵӰ䱳֡
֮䣬һĿɨܣڰ

ģƴˣ
κ˻·ǻҪ̣
ɽŵߣɫȻŭš
ϣ
ڷļһɱ⣡
ģȫץסͶżȥ
ʥŮǱ߼ߡҪﵢʱ䡣
Цţһֱֻ̽˺һλżߵ壬ս¾κθڷߡ
һʱ⴦ССפأ˲ȷѪ֮С
ģԭżǸСӵĶӳ³
øӵ۹⿴Լмһ˵ߣ˵Ƕʼɻҡ
ʼɵǣѾǾż֮ϵ׼컯֮ߣԼԾһλ弶ߡñǽܵˡ
ҵǣ֮ǰСУԼ㲻չˣҲûжԼż㣬鵽ĶΪµһԱ
ν컯Ū˰
һʱҲ˵ʲôζС
ϣһУܾɣ
Ѿ׷ֿǣ³̾˿ҡҡͷɢеĳЩ뷨
ǰһĻڹʡУš

һ
ԭʡϷĹż֮
˿̣⴦ʡΣյ򣬲ߡЩߴ󲿷źɫľ·ϻ۵ʱӱǡ
һЩߣƺţڲŷʩ
Щ߸ϵҲн죿
ɥ֮Ȯһ
һ档
꣬С㲻Щһﱨ𣿡
У¸ë
类ҵĴǴ˹ͷ̵ߣ綼͵ˡʣµЩֻһЩͷѣ
ָָżķλʾЩڷͳιʡߣѾ͵档
룬ƶĲˣ
Ϊֹеߣûκһӻġ
ˣʬ
ʡżͺһͷޣκθڽеߡ
ΪֹѾǲǧߣЧ΢żûȫʧ
ֱ
˵ɡ
ô߶棬ҪĸҵĴ˿㲻˳ۣҲͶȥͿԺЩ𹬵ߣһӷˣ
һЦеŻߡ
ƲƲ죬ȴҲû˵ʲô
żĹ죬ڳÿ˶һ
治ߣüλҴ˶档
ǿǳԽżߵĴڣ
̶ȿ֪
˵ʧٵѾǧˡԴԴϵͶ߽У˵ÿʱÿ̶ʧ
ھʡľ԰ҶЩĲ𣬿Ųסˡ
Ҫ֪ٴͻȻ𣬷µĹʡͳսеĴ벻
ǿݿһİЩͬʱսǿѹķ
һҷͳսӼңȴҲӿ١
ż¶е߲ĲĻ飬ٵӽ٣ʥŮӵ־սʡзʵɢʡ൱ͳһֻµʱ䡣
ݵϢ
ҲӲ淴ӳҵڶ䱾̺Ѿ˳ĵز
˵Ҵﵽ׼컯֮ߣʮ
˵е컯֮Ҹ߸ϵʥŮӽŮˣ֮һ
ҲǹʡΨһһ֪컯֮ߡӨĴڣ˹ʡǧļ¼һֱڴ˵еľ磬ʵ֮С
൱񻰣
ҵӣܶ˲֪Ϊֻ֪ôһ䱣൱ľη
ӨλʥŮǳͷβĺˡ
ȻӨ컯֮ݣҲһǱ޵ľżߡ߲ܶںʡ˭ͳΣںǼϵĵ·
ӨĴڣ֤˼ȷʵĳδ֪ĵ·컯֮Ҳһ翵Ĵ˵
ΪЩһԸ⸶һУǳԼ꣬ҲҪõν컯֮ķ
ҲҿѸͳһʡԭΪڶľżߵİúܶǴӸϣѣġ
ӶҲץ˺ܶڷߣżĴڣЩͶ˹ż֮Уȴһ춼ûг֣ôϢʧˡ
ʡΣգ˵
һ̣Өж껣ʮֵĺ档ѧżﵽʲô󣬽ʱ䣬⴦żַʲô仯Ż˳̶ȵΣԣ
һжδ֮գ



566 Ҵ֮1

Թʡ࣬㱻޾Χš
ǲ֪ĸԶǷšϾʡ󲿷û̽ȫ
дԣǴԹʡ֮ǰ߸߲㣬ҲȷӵϢŵ֪ʵ֪ܻ֮⻹иΣյġ򡯣
ô£ǾͲö֪ˣʱϢ϶ģܲƺĳֲݵΣա
Σաkƿˡ
ҲСġĴоԲܶϾ򡭡
ϢЩΪֹҲûκκĸ߲뾡һа취Ҳ޷ٴȡκϵ
䣬Ҳûͼͻܻķǿд򣬵һһʧΪգʧ֮£òֹͣνж
ʡĴĹżȴܵĻͬ
ռ˹ʡżСǧƽ˵Σճ̶ȣΧĻй֮޲
ʡ࣬˵ڻ͹żļв֮С
дԣʡͨĵ·޾Ļ򣬶ǹʡĵص㡣
Ҳǹż
ڹżγɣصһϢѾʱУ׻ΪС
ֽ׶ΣֻһЩǵϢһЩĸ߲
мϹʱһǿפءǹʡߣ࣬컯֮ǿߣڴˡ
һЩĴڣͨʡ
ƺһ촥˽ɵϢŵһ˲̮żڵ򣬱ɵϢȾȾûʱŶڣԽԽγ˹ż״̬
Ȼֻǲ²֮һ
м˵һλ˵е飬Լ۾ĺԴѹƬˣǡ
һ²⣬漰˹ʡԹžмأʡ֣֮ΪϹʱʡͬǰΣյʱһλ鲻ڶﻷƵΣ֮У԰Լ۾Ӳ˳ʢ˹ʡԴѹһа
ȻżǴ˵Ǹ۾֮ء
ģһЩ߰Ĳ²⣬Ͳһһˡ
˿
żΧ
ӨüͷеԲ
żѾʱĵ߷ˡ
ÿһ϶¼Ŷλߣһ㣬żߣҲһǧˡ
еӨһָϵһֱĨһѪɫĻۡ
299ˣ
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Щһ浽ʲô
ӨɫЩȣԿе֣ѾѪɫۣĲˡ
µһУȻ춼ûпסҲûһӻģ֮ͬǰһ㣬ʯ󺣡
ͨ껸ֶΣ˿ֻ֪Өȴ൱ף֮ˣȫˣһŵҲûС
߰˼ߣżߣС
е㺧ˣʲôΣգôżߣӻʸҲûУ
ǰеߣʵˣ299Ө˿Ƶж⣬һҵ׼컯֮ߡ
ߣûȥҲӨΨһϣ
ܴһЩϢҲ˵
Ͼ׼컯֮ߣȻûг״컯֮ĵزһʵԲͨż߿ģӲҪ˵һλ׼컯֮ߣԲѴ֮ɱʮżߣ
컯֮ɲǿЦģֻմ߶ѣ
ʱţ졣
磬ӨԼӪأɫĿеǷ
ͻȻһͨ˽
ʥŮˣʹ˳ˣ
ԣӨüͷһ¶һ˿棬Ʋһе˼ĵ˵ͷ

Ļ£ʮӺһã²˿˿ڵߣ̧˽
߾ɣҲǵ߷ݽż֮УΨһǸ׼컯֮ļһ
һԭǾżߣ˹һʱˡӨ𣬳ΪʥŮӨİ£ںһ˿ʱӵŵͻƾżߵĽޣΪ׼컯֮Ĵڡ
˵ΪԭɶӨνĹΣյĹżǰȥ飬ҲΪҪʥŮĸˡ
ֻǣλ׼컯֮ߣ൱ңص˿ڣνǴĿģ治֪ʲôܹص˿ڡ
˯Ө껣Ҳڴ˿˹
Ǻ˵˿ڣͻȻ¶һ˿Цݡ
˼



567 Ҵ֮2
˿̣ߣͶҵĸףΧ£ӨڵУҲһ棬Դһ˿ֵ̿Ŀű̧ɡ
ʶ
Ϊ֧һ׼컯֮ߣûĸʡǵ׹ġ


Ѫ˹
ʯ
ȵȣ
ҵ׼컯֮ߣɫӦ֮Ȼʡ֮
ɣΪһ׼컯֮ߣ֮ʱʱӸǿӲƺͼʯƤ
Ѱżߵͨ˵һǾż߲һбѪƴһҲԶ˺
һƤķӲ̶ȣΪ֮ɫ䡣
˵ЩҰ֮еĹ죬ҲԶЧ˺
ʱһ˶ʮλżߵĹȴȻķɱЩߣƤ۶ûС
Ҳ֮ΪʯԭԢΪķʯһ㣬˭Ҳɶҡ
Ȼأ
λ׼컯֮ϣݺύ˿ڣ¶ƤϣһЩȳһĺɫŨ֭һɹ˷θζϵܴݿ
Щ˿ڣΪŨ֭ǣԿС
һλİɵһڲƵ˶̲ס
Өһ˲䶼ɴ۾
֮£ǰĸ첲ûкɫŨ֭ǱӪĸʬƤͰ͵ģɫ
ľ£ʬһĸ첲ϣͬһ״նһһܵĴһ
Щն¶кһɹɺɫȳŨ֭


䱻ÿѾЩǲһʹİ
ǿ˫ۣӨһ˲䣬ͬϣһ㡣
ʥŮˡȡȾҰ
˻ƣʮ궼û˵һ仰Ƶģɬͳ
Өɫ䣬ְе
΢΢ۣ΢ǰ㣬һַֻԼĶϣһָֻһһ׹է֣˲ɵС
ҵĶԽԽĺɫŨ֭λй
ֻЩɫŨ֭йɵɫԽԽɣ˺ƺѾָ־
Լ򵥵ĶԻˡ
ʲô
ɣʥŮһһ
˹ȽļɸոһЩ󣬱㼱æʵ
ߣҲһеľȣĿɡ
ǡǡ
֪ʲô
֮ˣȫˣ
ǵǵܽȥǧܽȥ
Ѵֲͷųģ
¶㯵ɫͬܵ˾ţʹıͷš
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ѵеȫˣ
⵽ʲô
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ҵڶһеٺΰӨϡҵκ˶ðգȥΨӨС
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㱨һЩһн˵Ĵ󲿶ӣһȦͦ
һΣҪԽ㣬ͻż֮С
żȦ㣬֪ʲôɣƺ߱ĳ죬Իĵ
ܼȺܵͣһֻʮҵ߷ΧӨ컯֮ϵʵҲ֮̽⡣
󲿶ǰʱ򣬶Ǵӵһ𣬲ҹֵķ롣֮Уߣ˵һ̾ͻᱻĳֻصĹץȥ˵ġ
Сĵ㣡
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˿̣󲿶Ѿͻĵش֮ǰҲֵֹĹֻһɫ߼õĴ󲿶ӣ컯֮ߴЭԻ㰲ȫͻ
ûʲôˡ
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磬ţȴ˽㣬ͷԴĪľ͵ˡ
УǰͬĽӡߵģȴû֣עһӡʱ򣬻ûһأ̧ͷԼѾһδ֪򡣻㷢˽ӡ֮УһöµĽӡ㻹ɻ֮ʣѾˡ
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̫֮ǰִ˽Щ֮УƺΪȥ̽ѰЩӰĴڣǲ֪ΪʲôûЩӰս
Ұȫ󣬻֪ǣֹܺӰɲҪ̫ȥЩӰԲ˶ߣ
УôܣֲС
ݵľ棬СڨڨһЦװԼû˿̽˼
ԭȷʵЩӰʲôڻȡͷɡ
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СţԼںģ̽ܵĺӰʲôôһҲ˲ԼԴšߣ
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˵ǱΪʯ·ǧǰѾڡǸʱ㣬ѵʡĲλĴһǿ
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ѵĳ־ްʯ·ƻˣ
Ҳûԡ
Ͼʯ·Ҳǧ֮ãȻʯʮּӲЩ񣬵˳ʱ䣬ᷢʲô鶼пܡ
ǣʯ·ʧҲȲ״̬ûʯ·ʱԼ
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ʯ·ˣǰһΣգСĵ㣬һҪκֲ
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ģԼˣЩҲٶǿ
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ģضڷŵһ㡣ŵǵγɵζ
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˶Ө֡
ͨģҲֻλ컯֮ǿ߰ɣ
ֻǲ֪ǰЩߣǷ̽ôͨģ
ϧ˶ˣһжδ֮ա



570 Ĵ

ǰ򣬶ϾһҪͨĿܡ
ÿ˶ɫѿǳġ
ѾߵһѵҪ޹
ȥĻλʥŮĹӣһǴж˿İɡ
֮ǰмεӳֵĺǾͲɵ˶һ
ʬɽѪֲ죡
֮ǰ֯ǧ˵ߣԿٴҡ
ǲ֪õϢǧ븹أͻϮʥŮһҲǹʡΨһλӳֵһΡ
λֲӣһĴʥŮĶŲһģٿݵͣӤޡ
Ȼһһ꣬ʱ쳹
һ̣ͻϮߣȫڲѽ⿪ȺɫʬƬһأ޾ѪҺΪѪ׷ܡ
һĻڵߵÿҹ֮ʱԺﶼĸֳʱӵĵδÿһëֱƤð
ԣûϣôʧܻȥҲûκҪټԼǿֲĳ
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ѵҲð·ˣ
Ϊ·Щһȫ
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Ĺ۲ǶȣЩ߲ͨͬǰһŵ壬һֱҲʮӴ۵壬ԲΣڴ
ϸϸֲͬһĶȻһ·죬ղڵر֮¼ף߼ʮ׵ķΧͬȴԵޣŻ
ЩǴЩġ
ν٣
صǾ޴壬ٵĺģ
ǿҵˣ˵ͻԼԸٶȳɳ˵ףӨЩ̳ṩԼԾʮޡ
껿ŵصǾ޴ٺģˮҪ̲סʶ
ٺ̺൱һͷȫʢʱڵĿֻ۷ĹֵֻҪˣĻض׽ٶȣһдĴٽ
ת֮壬ȫĻӦڿֻż𣬴ܳӣʱ䵹㹻ˣֻʵѷɫûоʵǿаͷѹȥ
żΧ̳ȻƣҲࡣҲ㹻һЩֻΪ˱ⱻ־ǿ߷֣ṇ̃ܳÿ֮ڡ
ĬĬļٺĵĿԡ
ȻƬ̣ͱԼĿڸ֮ˣҲü㡣
ȳǼһ˵
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ԭ˼Өɫһ䣬һʱӵĵδȻ
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ԸѸ͵ٶȻһһһЯһŻƣ껱޴
룡
ǿҵ֮ٺĴΪһľһеռʱ䣬ʼųȥ
СС̽룬ȴ˲䱻ɿ
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ʹİţȻƬ˻ûüԱ㿴Ϊһ̲Ũ֭ǰ
Ϊǿߣľôʧˣ

뿪
üͷһжԱѸٵ뿪˴˵ء
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Źֶ˺ëֱ
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ͷβһжһּȲ



572 ˭ǹ1

ִˣһ·ļǰ
ʮӣԶ֮ǰĵط󣬲ͣ
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˿ܣк˾ۼһ
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һ
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ͬ˷ڵˮ
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׹ݣҲָܵһ㣬ȥ
⻹û꣬ԭڲʬ壬һŤתŲӣԭֱ㶿յ۾˿һȫ

Щʬ嶢Ϻٴʹİһ
Ҳֲסͨһϡ˿󰶱ߣֻв׵ľ롣
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죬ĿȻ
ϮҲһ̣˲Ϣ
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ԭӽЩʬ˲䣬ŷЩʬ徹Ȼȴû
ǻţ
ȷе˵ѾΪ˷ǳŹֵ
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˵ʵָо֮ǰӨϵֺɫ
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ˡ
һľޱȡ
̫Σˣһʬ嶼ѲǸոմ󱩶ʱǿֲ״ֱ̬˲
ӨͻȻǿƻ˴һ͸͸ˡ



576 ǿ1
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ʱٴοѾ֮ǰıУȫ
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ΪʥŮˣλ߹֮ӴˣŻһС
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ͥԨ֮ڶħͬ־޾޶Ԫµа񣡡
㲻֪ԳƺΪ֮



577 ǿ2

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578 һ֮Ⱦȫ1

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ΪԴĳЩǿģӵвԣҲĨЩǿڵӡȻȻ޷ȡٴռá
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ԣҪ̽귢ʲô£ԾҪȥѰλ𣿡

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͵ĿԼ֮вҡҷͬѿһĸԴȻһ
һֱΪԴǶȡԺڰ֮׼ʬڵľγɵġ
Ͼ֮һ仰ǸԴԴĳľڣڿԶԶ⡣
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ΪҪСʱ֧ߣһҲܹΪĸ綼ϵֹ죬ֵǣһչͬϵ⣡
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ʱ˵ĿԷĵȥ롣
û취֤²Ǽ٣ֻԺ˵
ңĴҲˣҪħ棬棬ˣҪʲô



582 ޵Ԩһ

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Щħǣ껵£Ըӹ򣬽г͸ʴ
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ȻΣգ޵Ԩ֮صĶħǣҪҲһ򵥵飬ʱһӶħȥһʣȫҲǳе顣
˵Щħܶһֶ޵ԨʱͣƬڰʱȡתġ
޵Ԩ׽Ԩ֮ҲԴȪôķչħ˵Ѿ޵ԨΪ״
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ͷֻоޱȣջظղŵĻǵ滷ǱΣգȫھ״̬
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һɢȥǽѣ



583 Ľ1

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ҲǹʡʴĶħ֮һͬʱҲǶħļȷ档
Щ꣬ĵֿ֯ûħ򽻵øոһĻԣȻʥŮħĶţȴҲʲôϡ¼
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ʵǿ򶼿ԳΪӻһǵΰ˰ɣ
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λͷ֮ˣҲ̾ԭΪʡΪԥĶһЩԵߣȴû뵽ãȴΪ˶ħĲ룬ĳ̶ֳΣճ̶Ҳضá
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ĻԼЩصĹ죬޾аѾΣˣһָΣյĶħԻøӼ֡
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Ҫ֪кܶ飬벻ֳԵӡܹ
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֪ʱ֮ͬΣޱȣҲڣλڼȻѡ֣Ǿǵİ֣
껳ɹİվԼ棬һ𣬶ԿһԼ
ǲ֪ԺЩһ֪޵Ԩ֮Ҳ᲻ܾأ

ת֮ȴϵʱһߣʱͣ
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ҪΪս֮ҪߵеľͷȻһϯսеĹؼսۣΪʤߡ֮Ի۶ջΪµ顣
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ڹעһսԨһ࣬ʮλħ֮аĿͬǻӰ֮Уȴһ



584 Ľ2

ŵսս
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585 ֮ս1

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Ѫñһ޴̷ͻޣΪʥߣҲΪһ塣
Ҳһ壬Ϊʲôͷ೤мǣ̺ű廹Ҫӵ·ԭ
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586 ֮ս2

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֮ǰսֻ֮ѡ˭߱˭أ



587 ޾ĳ1

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ͷŭ۾һ˲䣬һѪɫӡǣϵۿɼٶ
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ѵϣ



588 Ѫɫս

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591 1

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ҪΪħ𣬵Ԩ־ĻͬԼ߶һλƽƽ֮ħ



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595 2
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596 ȥ1
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ǶˡλڳƺΪ磬˽ĻҪࡣ
Ƭоôãȴջˣѡʵı¶һЩϢԻȡ鱨
ߵ濴ıȽס
˼㽻˺ܶϢ껡
ξ֮ء
һ죬Σգȴ粻ɻȱһ硣
ǲ²⣬ĳǿڵξԲų֮Ϊξ֮ء
ԣüë΢΢ǰ㣬ˡ
Ŷô˵
ͣһ£ǣҲѰͷȥˣ
Ǵһ˿Ц⣬֮зһö۾
һ룬澪Ҳ޷
ۣ
ô⣡



597 ˼Ĵ˵
Ѱͷȥ
껵Ļһ
ûüӦͿͻȻóһֻ۾۾ģ۾̺ϢǾϴһֱ׷Ѱõۣ֮

ôһ
̫鲻Խغ֮ô޴⡣
û껻شԾʧ̬棬ܿ
ףȻ껶֪飬ϺĲкôЩͲˡ
˼̽ϣѾǣԵÿЦޱȡ
˫ϢͨޣԼӿ̽ٶȡ
沢֪ʵ껶⣬һŲֻ֪ǻԵɺϻ۰ˡ
һöۣ֮صƬ칬ճΪʱӱҪ
ȻҲԷǰ۾ʱӱʱġ
ۣʱͣĹ
öѾ֮޵ԨĽ״鿪
ȻѾΪ޵Ԩľ޴۾Ԩ־һ̶Ͼۻ֮γɵ
Ԩ־зǳĵ̣չڣѻ١
˿̣ۣȴĻش
թ棡
ֻǲ֪ˡ
һӣܱߵȫ
ɫصĿеתۣðǿе̰һ˿˿޵Ŀ־壬˵
ڽ֮ǰ¿ɷ֪ȣš
кιɣ
˲С⡣ֻ⣬Ƽ򵥣ȴҪϸشܶࡣ
̫
ʱ֮
ȻѰĺۼ
Ȼ
һۡ
ô̫¿ɷ֪޵Ԩˣ
ʵ
ʵ˵Ŀġʱ֮ͬλֲ޵Ԩ֮
޵Ԩ֮
ħ֮޾޶Ԫף
Ǳ߿ɲôеk
Ϲľ֮ͥ޵Ԩλڴʼֻһţ֮죡
k޾޶ԪԴȪҲһѵһкڰʼk޾Σ
װ̾˿ʮֳء
֮죿
֮ͥ
޵Ԩ𣿡
ÿһţо׽š⿴Ƽ򵥵ţȴžԵʵ
ûӦʵѹ˭ţ
֮ԲǷֻ֮˵ֳţʵ顣
磬飬۳˵Űɡ
һʱޱȡ
ֶѵ磬ϹʱڣлȪ֣ԨѪ⻹ĳλǿڵξ֮ء
һ޵Ԩ֮ΪѵԴȪһɲʱ֮
ֱͷƤ顣
k׷ġ
ۣȴڵkﰡ
ʲô
һ
Ȼһö۾
ۣۣ
Ȼһۣ
׵к
ֲ֮Ҫ׷Ƕ̲סҪˡ
׵ʲôкʲôǿӵ鲿ȨĶֻҪǣ൱һЩȨ
ƿصȻ֮ͬ
ںж׵кҲӵиռݷݶ
緢ͷټԲŻήڴˣֻ֮ͬ
kۣö۾ͬѰƺдͷһ˿ǶԿ˺ܾãȴǺβĵk
һ㣬һ޴Ӱ֡
ǺȻĻ֮սһĻ
޴֮֮ٻ£һͷֲĺڰڡɫʱ׹У֮Ҳ˽
΢һ£֮Լ֮ŵģǵʱʱ֮Żڲ
֮ţ
⡭
ϹŻȪԨѪֵʱ򣬳ֵ֮źơ
ѵȪԨѪǵĳҲ֮λ޵Ԩ֮йأ
ľȼҪۼľˡ
һ飬ǵ
ȪԨѪ֮ţ
˸ţԼ֮ţССŮᣬĸһͶĶ
ѵȪԨѪĸһйأ
ʵһֱڰѰ˵ټȴáĸһ͸ʧһ㣬ûκκۼ
ڿΨһһȪԨѪ֮ˡ
Լ
ڻʱ
ᵽͷ񣡡
ѵ׷Ѱͷˣ
뵽һ⣬æʵ
˵أ
ȥ׷Ѱkټ
ЦЦûش
Ȼһͺˡ
ı졭
˿ٴο껣ʼһ˷˼˭Ҳ޷²ǼٵĹ¡
£ֱͷƤ飬ëֱ
˼飡



598 ʮʳ

ˣ
λųħף֮ͥ𣬻ǰλʱ̫֮׷Ѱͷˣ
൱ĸʣ׷Ѱͷ񣬾֪һλΰڡ
kô
Ȼıҵݡֻͷˣ֮ĸգǹξ硭
໥һۣ˿
һҲ׷Ѱһλΰڵټ
Ƭ̣Լ֪һЩ˵
ԭⷽ磬ޱȾԶϹ֮ǰʱ
֪Ϊηһǿڶеս֮߳Ϊѡ
ǳķǳͻȻͺⷽԴͷսͱ졣ºܶ棬ԶԶǿڣĲϢʧ
һǿڣɨһա
ʱ˵ʮֵСŽҵѡ
ʱǳδʱǿĴڣͳˡǿִֻ硣
ⷽΪԴ类ƿأ뵽֮ⷽС
ⷽԽԽǿȫʢʱڣ൱ġ
泩ⷽ磬ǿ̬
ֻǣ߾ʢ˥Ķɰɡ
ʮɵˣһ֮ʱͻȻһǱء
漴ʮ硣
ʼ˲֪ʲôһֻͨսʧܡϾҲûʧܵʱ򡣡
ֻǣڲ֮ⷽͻȻɫɫ˵ǹ죬޷ɱеһЩڣ߱ȾʴĿֲ
ⷽ磬ʼңֱǳͻȻ١
Ե˵һⷽĽ̡
ʮЩ
üëװҲЩ⡣ȴһ
νʮˣԼ֪Ǹʱͣ죬Լֵʮ
ԣʮ
ǵѾɿ֤̫ԶˡǸʱҲֻСĴڣ޷֪ʮκϢ
ֻ֪ʱ磬ΰֲľʮ
ͳ磬ϵ顣
ԽһУﵽ˷ԣ֪ľ硣
ƺʮȤ룬һЩ̫ҪϢ˵
ʵǶʮоҲ뵽һľ硣ֻԽ˽ʮ飬Խеֲ
ʮǳУȫʧˡ
Що֣ʮʧ٣ͻȻ¼һЩʮֻƬУܿԤϵԼᷢ⡣
ģħ棬üͷϢ
ң˽⵽ⷽѣܾܿ͸ʮʧйء
ܶڱΪⷽǿĴڡǵʮˣж硣
˼˵
ŶΪ磿
ʮʲô
ͻȻȤ
ǣѾǿһޡƾĹԴһ硣Ǹ磬ҪȥʾԼܣ
Ѱĳ
ķӹ˵ͻȻͣһ£˿껡
ĳ
ѵǡ񣿡
ͻȻ뵽ܡ
ûѰ񡣡
Ѿⷽǿ飬Ѿ˽ȥɽĵز
֮ⷽУԹųĴ˵֮ڣܴܿűʮҪǿĴڡǾ񣡻ҲԳƵkΪ
ѰҴ˵еټ
ǳĳյսУǱأΪҵټ
ҲӹĻ
ԣ֮ѣⷽôϡŹֵĹ죬Դⳡ׷Ѱжɵĺ
껵Ĳ²⣬˵ͷûһҵټĳЩŴ֮
֮ⷽѣЩ죬ܿܶԴЩŴ֮
ôǲϵоЩ죬䲻ԣһֽͬ
ҲֻŴ棬ܰ쵽ֵز
˼ּʵôҲѰͷҲټ
û
ǳѷⷽ緢˱졣֪ʱҲһЩϢѾˡʮͨµ֮ţҵ˵kĲкΪêΪʽ񣬲ֶʳ֮
ƺʽ⣬ʮ֮ʧ˴֮СϹŵڣУڶǻⶼ䡣
ѰټҲֻˣ
̾˿
Ȼ֮ϵ껣ȴ֮С
֮ţ
ʮٻ֮٣ֶʳ֮
Բۣ
ôҲʮʳĴ˵
УΪʲô֮ţ



599 ֮·

磬ҲʮʳĴ˵
֮ŵĴ˵
˿껵Уֱ캧ˣ޷ƽϢ
ôᣬܻôɺϵ飿
ˣʮٻ٣Ҳաֶʳ֮졣
Żɺϵ顣
˵׼һ£˵Ҳ
ʮⷽߣ˵׼ʱͣʮ
ģʱͣ絽׺ⷽкι
ɫ
ҲоЩԡ
һʱЩѹֳơ
ʮʧˣôзǵ˿ô
룬ʵ
һۣЩȡ
λʱ֮ƺʮ൱Ĺġ
ΪΣ
Ҳ׷Ѱʮκټֻǵ飬̫߶ˣ̫ءô󲿷Ѿʧʱ䳤֮С
ʮε⣬ȷʵһ֪
滥࿴һۣҡҡͷ˵
껳ţָ֮û
治룬϶֪ʮ飬ֻǲˡ
ƻϺ꣡
Ҫӱ峹׽ϣҵǵϳǵǲɡȫڳ
껰ޡ
ĿķԽԽѹ֡
ҪҪˣջһЩϢ
ĸʱӿʼδ죬Χһ׵ʡ
ΣյϢӡ

Ť
ȴִųѺֻذ
Ҳûջ񡣡
µţͻȻһ˴ԡ
濴Щԣеĵƺ뵽ʲôüͷ˵
Ŷʲô
ȤΧ˲ʧ
ҪóһЩ߰㣬û˿õĴźϢǾ͵ṵ̋ɡ
ʲôԿԨ֮ʲô̽ܣǹƨ
űɰɣ
ʱ䣬껸оԼı壬ԽԽǿɲ⡣
ȻǾ𣬵Ѿһ޷⣬޷󣬲״ľ硣
־磬еϵ֪ȥ⣬ûа취ƶݵġ
Ѿ˵ͷܵĺڰ֮
ϢѾָֻı䡣
ֲǣοֺ;ĬͷĳЩǿдǵĺҲǲʲô壬ɢٶ壬Ҳûκá
ڲοͷĹ껷ʱĵĺۼ
ĴڻȪ֮С
ԣͷ죬ӦصĻȪйء
Һ˵
֮޵ԨۣѪǧ֮Ѿ˾㤣ĵز
һ仰ݡ
״֮ΰ
鲻ֱһ仰Ѿڱγɡ
ԣҪһڸϹƱƣŪͲ⣡
µţʱ֮
˵֮ʮУһλǿĴڣҲʱ֮𡣡
λΰĴڣͳʱ䣬ⷽʱ
kš
˶٣ΪĿһ껡
kţʱ֮

ĸֱԺըѣʮеһλȻҲʱ֮
ôɺϵ¼
kȵĲԼͬΪʱͣʮ֮УѾȷϣŹ֮ڰ֮ԼǸɽУõǰߣʱ֮
Ǹݵ꿴ЩӰ񣬿˰֮ϵʱ֮껲Źʱӹ塣
Ҳʱ֮¡
ʱ֮
˼
껰ס𶯣һ˿ĪϢɨ棬˵ǿ֪ܲһ磬ҲʮĴ˵
kͬʳ飬յһ죬ղ֪ա
ʮУͬһλʱ֮
ȻkȻһ£Ҳ΢ͬˡ
Ҳûмλʱ֮ڵkϢ˽⡣Ǹʮܿⷽʮйء
ԣҷǳϣܺλϲ̸һ̸ʮͷȥ顣
⽫׷ѰʮټĻᣬҲ̽Ѱľᡣ
Ķ棬һĳĬ
Ϊ˱ʾҵĳ⣬˵һǸʮϢ
һݣľ
Ϣ
ʲô
ֱӱ𺳵ˡ
ϢǰλΣյʱ֮ȻгϢ
ôܣ
ȻûеǼ˼ֱӿ˵
֮·ڣȥδͳһҡǸԴ֮·С
ڵл졣
ȴ̺ͬŽɵܵ㰲Ťĺڶ
Ȼܵı죬ȴҲȲе𾪺Ϳ־塣
仰ǺȻͬʱҲ˲뵽˹ı죡


600 ԽԽɺ

֮·ڣȥδͳһҡǸԴ֮·С
̶̵ļ仰ȴͬķ籩Ժдľ
껾ؿš
֮ԸЩϢһڳ֮·ϣ༸λƷԼиĲա
Ӻܶ෽仰̺ĳ֮·ƺ⡣治ڣ֪
û׼һı
ǰ༸λ̽·ˣܹǺõġ
ð죬Ű𶯵Ȳ˵Щ֮·ȷԼķֱ淽
룬ڻûҵ壬ǿŵġңǰλʱ֮ڳ֮·ϣ׷ѰټҪ˸롣
Ҫλصʱֺ֮Կ޵Ԩ֮
λʱ֮֮۵ġ
ԡ
ξ磬Ӧ˽⡣˵̺Ĳ
֮УЩһֱڷ춯ЩҰ֮еĹ죬ܿԴЩ춯
룬͸¶һЩ顣
Ŷ
Ȥ
ⷽĹ˱죿ѵҲ̺ͷĲ
ǲ²⣬̺ܿټǵkĲкҲ˵
ԣϣԽкۣǿͨ̽״
ϣԺ껺
ֻЩȻѾ֪ⷽ˱죬ôΪҪ
Լ̽
ֲǵ˵Ҳֻǿпްˡ
ǿṩⷽһЩϢȪ磬Ԩ硣иϢ
ǹ
Ҳ˽ж״ǳӣôҲû̽
ңǿΪṩʮϢֻм٣ҪԼȥжˡ
Ѿ˳ٶģǾ޷ŵˡ
˿̣ΪĿ֮СĺͯⳡǻǴҪٳɵġ
޷ֻѡǿѹλʱ֮
ƣ˾Կ԰ʱ֮ѹȥҲ԰޾
껾Ĭ
ڵĻش
ʱӣųҵɫԣδתš
һʱٴѹ
Ƭ̺
ʱӶȻֹͣת׹ɲǼͣաܵʱգһ̶񱻶ˡ
ҴӦˣ
ǰǣ̽ҪǰңԿ޵Ԩ֮
΢΢˵
û⣬޵Ԩ֮ͬҲǵĵжߡϹһ仰˵ĵˣѡ
ϣǵһֱȥ
ԺǻһЩⷽϢҲʮġϣܹǵĳ⡣
˵ͷڿնɲǼʧӰ١
ԭֻöľż
껾ôעţòٴηǺǣ棿
棬棬ħ档Ϊ棬ʵͬһ˰
ۺϵħһ塣ߵԴͷЩԴͷ
㵽Ҫʲôأ
껿Կ϶״̬ʵԼһ¡ǵ棬ħ棬Ƿ棬ֻͬһλڵĲͬˡ
ıԴȴԴһλ
͸ʱ֮֮֮λһͬơ
ң껷֣ϵϢⷽܶϵϢЩơ
ͬߵԴ֮һ
ټҪͻƽޣҪںϹģڡǧǧʵⷽĹ죬Ѿں߰˰ˡ
ȻܶԾɲ츴գ»Ϊ졣ҲǵҪİ
Щԭʼ״̬ʮʧǳϹŵвŵġ治ȥںЩ죬Ƿ˵Щ֮У̺ŵ¼һЩϢʮȥʲôĴ񣬶п̺У
껲²š
һģϹʮգܷܿټʮʧѷ𣬷ֹξ⡪ߣںϹģѰĳЩҪ֪
֪ΪΣ껸оģԼ顣
Ϊ˽ڰ֮ͷ׼ʬе־룬ȡϢ֣֮ʮмƻΪ˼ٽŹġ
ֻǽĹ̫ˣʱգʮеҲ˲һĳ̶ȡ
Ȼƽ̣Ҫʱ䣬ԾǸľ֡
ںϹ죬ϵĽɸѡôҲĽƻơ
ôɺ֮£
ЩŹְ


601 ʮУٻ֮
ߣھȱء
ʱͣУս֮籩֮֮ħ̳
ʮ
ͳΣΪͳΡ
߾ǽ֮⣬֮УӴأÿһλͬĴУ֮ȴ޴ǵ
Ԩ־ħͬ޵ԨĶħߣͳһƬӺ嫵Ľ
ŲӸָ־޵ԨԽԽڰĳ̶ֳĴڸƬĹڰ硣
޵ԨѾ֣ʼƬڰ磬ԽԽ򱻶УصﻯΪ˶߱֡
УһЩֵħǿڡ
޵Ԩں磬ʼƬڰ
ںڰиͷڰ֮Ҳҵ˿ֻȷλãֱӽ׷
Ԩ־жԣԨ־źڰţͬŵķΧ
˿ЩǩЭ֪֮иƣ飬ȫ硣
ܶ죬ԴЩŤе
һֱֺ֮ȥĴ˵
֮û֪ʲôǺܶǿĴڶ֪ȷᵽҾյѾԶˡ
һ죬ͻ˺ڰʱֻĸʧܣϮյѾͽ
֣֮ǻҲܣ޾޶Ԫ棬ҵ
ԣһյѳ֣ǽĩաȹ죬Ҳ޷档
֮޴ĹУӰһž޴Բܡ
嫵ƣܵ
۳ֲֿ
գ¹⣬ʱֻأصĽ֯ĺХսĵ֮
ԲǾ޴ÿһһλж˵ߡ
лʱӵʱΪʱ֮
лĺҹΪҹŮ˿
п̻ʹ̫ĹΪΣյĹ֮
Ҳп̻źͱֻͶӰ֮Ծɱӡš
п̻ŵȻΪս֮λá
һڰǶħģλĺӣԾɱԨѹţܴ޵Ԩг
ֻʱ¡
ʵ޵ԨгҲμĻ飬Ԩ־̫Σˣ˭֪᲻ᷢ裿
Ԩ־׵ķ֣ħ¾ʱͣĳ¹ôãĿ
Щ֮⣬мӰ֡
˰׹ǺͲİ׹ڲ˹ģѾ˲Ŵ棬Ҹһں˳֮ǷȱӦʽ׻Ϊⷽˡ
о޴ĹͼڹеĶ֧߲֮ġ
Ϊ֮ھԶѾӽʵ˵ֱڲųȷʵЩ˵Ԥϡ
Ҳ˲²⣬һһֱڲ߻ʧ֮ع飬޵Ԩ֣һ￴ĳֿܣԲŻѡʱ
ʵ»ûг֧ߵĵ·ҲԲѷɫЩ
ϾҲϹŶ֮һˡ
ͬʱҲбޣɽ񻰹ĹͬڡЩУкܸߵǳê
һλ൱⡣
Ǿڰ֮ġ
澡ȻҲ۳ڹ֮һʮʹֻʹǴɫġ
Щ⡣
֮Ȩ֪ⶫһֱڹ֮УȻⷽȴ˺ڰʹӰӡ
ڰʹǹ֮ŪģǰȨѾĴ񣿺ڰʹһλŪģ
֮ǰ˵ģӰΨһĴڡ
УҲ֮Ϊ֮
дԣһǵͷ޾ѪУȺӹʱ֮֮ɱйӱ˳֮
һμ֮֯飬һ̶ϻ볹ʱ֮ͣУչʾԼĳ⡣
ϾΪĹ֮Ҫͬùϵġ
˿̣һڽյ⡣
֮ô
ôѰͷȥ˵кιϵ
˿ʵ
˵ֻҵȥ飬ȡĹʵֹѵķ
ⷽƺһЩټԲŻӡֻ֮һˡкܶǿĴڣڻܣҲһЩֲڿӡڵʮƣʱǵˡ
֮Цţһѱ൱죬ѾΪ֮ⷽˡ
ټ𣿡
˵ټܿԭλ֮Ҳǵһλʱ֮ϡ
Ϊ̫λȷʵѾȥ
ԣڿһ⣡
ʮУ磬̳ѰһµټٻkĽ٣
֮ܣǵЦ⣬ԽŨ
ʱͣḶ̌ԽȤ˰



602 ˺ڰ

ʮУ磬̳ѰһµټٻkĽ٣
޴Ĺ֮У֮ٻص
嫵Ĺ֮Ļ£Ȼ䱬
ܣҫ޾
飡
飡
飡
һĬ֮󣬽飬֮
ʱ֮򣬻ǺҹŮ˿սŮǺ籩֮֮ԼĹ֮ᷴԡ
ʮУͿ취ȥĵһʱ֮ҲǱ֮Ϊ̫Ĺա̶ͿԴѰҵµĺۼ
޾ճ֮ΪȥĹʵöѾĹʵʾ̫ϡ
ȻĺۼҲп֮ϡԣǲҪʮУҪһ̶ϣԨ־ҪĻҪ취֮ţ֮
֮
֮ΣգǵѶԿλ񣡡
ԣɫ΢΢һ䣬ЩȻ
Ϊһʱ֮ĴȻѾΪ飬ȴԾɶ֮ĿֲĿ
֮޾Ѻͻңֱⷽ磬ĿֲԴͷ
ڣ޵ԨγɵǿֲԨ־Ҳеͷۡ
ھȻҪع飬֮ĵӿ󰡣
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Ҳͬع顣
˿ԣһ¹Ųĺҹɢ鲻ܿƵı֡
Ҫ֪˿Ļ֮սУĲͶĿ֮ˣҲû˭˽λĿֲˡ
ʹѾΪ飬˳;֮ĺҹ;ؿԼȨһ֮ǰԵޱȣ֮صӣ̲סһ¡
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飬Ȩ
֮Цһѡ
ϾԾ֮û취ѡ֪֮ͬǵը˲ɡ
嶼пܱѡ
ʵѡȨһ̶Ѿ̬ȡҲǲ֮ͬġ
һж
֮ع󣬿Ϊ˺µֱӰ˺ˣ
֮Ϳ̫ȫͬ
ԭϣҲǲͬġ
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˵֮һ۹߲֮ÿɷû˿Ӧ
ʵǵһʱ֮֮пܣöҪع顣ȻսѪ֮Ͱ֪֮ͨѪԣЩҵ״̬ȴ˿
˵䲻ĻΪⷽĵһʱ̫֮Ҳޱȷǹһ࣬걻¾ʮһҪĹʵܿϣǾԲͬعġ
Уᵽ֪֡˵ûУȻΪޱȿ־壬ģдѾԴˣס
ⷽ粻̫һλֲڣûмǴĻӦý죡Ȳνĵһʱ֮֮Ƿֱ̳˶ߵǾǶߡ
ǰѾ˵ˣһͷĴڣ֮ⷽС̫γɵĹʵߺۼô֮ȥô֮յܾ֮ܿŴ棡
˵֮͵һʱ֮Կ˵ȥλ֮ԭڶԿǶֻˡ
֮˵
˵ȫ¶죬ڳ˶Ϊ֮һ
ǹ֮һ˲˺ܶ࣬ȴָоǷȱĳЩҪ㡣
νĶԿ޻̸֮֮ʱ֮ԼԿ֮˵
Ϲ֮˵
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޻̸֮
ǵкξ壿
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ͬһʱ䣬ԭڰеϣģĺӰͬų޾ĹâһʮԺɫڹ֮һһӰ
Ӱվһߵ֮һ룬Ȼײ˹֮ڡ
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ǧδֵĺɫգٴٿն
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뿪󣬹֮ϣ˼š
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֮ǰʮд룬ܻܿᷢѡ
֪ԤǷڴ˵е֣֮׼׼û
ΪˣǱߣһֱжԵ޵Ԩ֮ʱ֮ҲװģĶϼ󣬱ֹͣ
ô˻ᣬʱ֮ʼ̽Ѱı졣
ջޡ
̫ΣˣǼ֮Ҳ޷̽顣
ʱ֮һֱԴͷһӵͬһڵԴͷԴͷı١
ܿܺʧٵʮйء
ԣҵԴͷ൱ջԴͷڱɱ䡣
ֻ϶ƻޱȣҲֻǷܣʱ֮һ̽ѰĻᡣ
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ʥ׳ǿ͵Ȫ̽һ£ܿСֻǼйءŲϹʱ
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ڸļһһֱеӰͬѪ֮Ͱ֮ʮһΪе
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껻ɫֻںãûʲô˵ġڿɫ壬Բʲô򵥵Ķ
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˹֮İΪ֮ڹ֮ڶе飬˵ʮþȣȴҲ൱İա
ˣЩԼʱ䣬ӹ磬ٵͷƤֽ磬ٵʱ̴ͣǣʼա
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֮·ǹ¶ģֻԽԽ޷ֶɡ
֮ݶΪ䡣
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Կ³ǿ󣬹֮ûеģԽĻϲ
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һԣҮۿѹסԼĳڷƱˣֻʹֱӰѿ³ų˳ȥ
һ̵Զȥͽ׹뺣еĿ³ؼйԼ
ģţҰ˽룬ɲѾġ
ϴ󣬾о磬СܵķƱѱˣ

ſ³Ľ⣬ĳֹͺ񱻴һ㣬Ϣ׷
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һ޴ɽУһͷŰ˸ͷ­ľѻ۾
ƺоŸͷǵھŸͷ­λãȴտҲ
̫ͬһĳϢӣȫ¶ȶȻ֮һЩ
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ڤڤУͳԾ޿и֡

ʳǴɽУһڵӰͻȻӶϢ뵽֮ڡ
ƻ֮ʮּܡ
սΪһ壡

ַ̫һӴʬ壬һ̫ͬһĽг
Ļ֮սԾ˰
յȨڻû
֮

ĴĹڲ츣ʬǵĹ·ء
ССĹ·һѿһβϵڣڣڡ
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ѿķ϶֪뼸κһʬ壬Ĵ˳
ʬϲ㣬츣ԭʬڵĵطĬ
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605 Ĺڲ
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⣬Ҳʼյ׵ĺۼ
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Ѫ֮ʹأΣҪֲһ׵顣
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ţ͸ǸİļһһѪ밵գԲĳδ֪ĵطȴᣬŻ
ֵĽ⣬Ȼһﲻϧ¶ۼҲҪж
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һӣĹϿŤϢ޾Ĺ֮ǵصľ޴ƣ̽ĹڲһץĹں¡¡бһʧԭء
֮漴֮ϣһöɫͭ
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608 ƻ֮


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609 ʮּܡľ
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һ䣬ͬʱ֣ԼӰ̽ȥһ׹ֻӰӼƬ̺ȻըѣʧӰ١
ʱ֮ǿʱӡЩ̫ĹӰӣ̫鷳ˣÿһСʱҪȥӡһ¡
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ϴҺʥŮ˽ħͳħļͷǩЭ飬Ǽʶ滷ġ
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ȻǩͣսЭ飬Ҿò󡣶ħǾûһغԼġЩһȻ뿪ˣȴҪСķû׼ʲôʱЩһɱǹ
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610 Ƥ֮
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˵ǲҪúøлһǣȻЩ̻ļһ

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612 ĻΪ˭1

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׽һ㣬һλֽ̻в㣬Լ൱ʮеİΡ
ֻǣֽ̻ᷢʲô裬ͻȻҪģ֮أ
˭֪أһʶ϶ˣƶ˹ֽ̻Ḻ򴫽̵ļ֮һ
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