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һԴϮĴ٣һƳ̫ӣػƴƻΰ룬ȴֳò裬ܳĶܺвһ̫ǰ׻˷䵭ߣֻ΢˽ãżѸƳСң׸ױԯ硣
ϰ࣬΢˽ãѸƳС
°࣬׻ѧѧܶͷ


1 ̫ӡ


1 һ
࡭ˮˮˮ͵ұҸȦ
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һλݵĹװŮŰɫҩ֭ؿŴϵӣŵûʧɫ
ղе̫ӵιҩιС룬ȴûҩ֭ûȫˣȻ̫Ӳ֪˵ʲôλذҩ֭ȫˡ
̫ӣ̫ӡϵĽкһλصţ崿ŹŮ
Ϊ̫ˣžϲ
ǵ˵ߣҩ֭ӻ̫ӱǿðԱߵιҩŮ巢Σ֪ʲô飡
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Ա߷ĹװŮѹ֪Լ˴ֵæ£̫ˡңҡ
㡣Ϊ̫ŮϵԭŮƽ͵Ըʪ
̫ͷҲأӹë̫ϵҩ֭
۾ʱ򣬾͸оԼ˱ڻұģģŶǸŮˣ
̧ͷһһžϲ쵰СǴ۾̫Ϥˣ崿ԲԴɬȫûʮŮ˵ĳϣȻˣôϴ
Сá
ǰŮˣСáȻСãʵ滹ҪСһ꣬Ǵ峤үүӺ԰һ±δϵĳɹ
̫ۿһ죬ˮϲ̫ӣˡ
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ȻСʱСһϴ裬Ǵʮ꿪ʼ;ܾйȵľٶ
ڲڻôһ§˵Ӵ࣬󱳵Ŷø׺磡
滹ע⵽ˣ̫̫ӣСãֿʲôЦ
۾طȥһǳԾȽһѩ׵ʣϻһЩοյĲ֦ĵ
ʱʾ˴ͷŵʮСãǰмɫŵĹװŮװŮվ£չˡһȺϷ·ŮŮΧ棬ëëġ
浱ǵСţëëġ
˼ʣСãϷ
̫ʵһ㶡
ɣǼϹŶ峤үүͬ۳׬죿

ٺ٣СôͻȻϷˣ

ˣСϷĹʶ٣ɲȫˣҲҪҲҪӣⶼҪǮأҪռһŮſٺ٣
̫̫Ӻ֪뵽ʲôɫһӲ԰
ϳ̫ӣ̫һϵ
̫һȥΧ۵ĹװŮŮֿһͨһŰ׺ͷվ档
̫һϲͷ˵ҽ̫ӳѣͷˣ
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̫ҽ̫ڶ๬ŮҳţĹ
룬Ϸ¼УԼһ¡ʱʱؿȳһƤȥװʹӣĵ
ȴпת۾ҿһⲿӰʵںߵȻǰԱӰﶼǴδĻϳֵˣǴ˯̫ҽĹŮ̫࣬йСãһֲϷȻʵо˴ݼߣ
гӦǹʹĳܴʮ׸ߣҪ˵ݶˡڲǽ赻ԻͣװμԼȻָűӶŵ涼Ľһ͸оһɻʵ۵Ϣ
иֵߣǰĹŮ̫ഩŵ·һۿȥͿԸоʵߵ̫Сõ·ǲ˵СûлױգŮǻױһ۾ͿԿĻױƷûۣûмٽëһֹŷС
ΧļҾ߰裬ҲʮºҼҾӺĲһ͹졣簫СĵӣûǴǽкǸͬߴ̨滹һЩĴƿ˫ƿܰףе˻Ϊԡݳ֣ƿڴһ򵥵ס
Ҫģĸоݵһ̫ӣҲ֪ôŪģȫУƣǴһһ㣡
ôΧһôûҵ㾵ͷҲûйԱأ
̫֪̫Σ߽һ׺ͷеʵ
̫С˵˼䣬һ̫ҽ˯ѹˣ˵ߵ̫ҽߣ˸ƣȻǺ߰׺ӾͶǰ̫ҽλá
ǰ̫ҽһͱ˯Ŵ۾﷢ëҪͷܿ»˵Ӱֻúӣܿͦסˣһֱ»˰׺ӵͷͣסˣһͷӵȸ̫Ħɲסģ
ǱСò֪ǰ̫ҽ˵ʲô֢ȻС۵ؿ漱ˡ
һƿͷӣҪ´嵽Сߣֱһ˵һһͷڴϡһʱ乬Ů̫̫ҽСãȫҳһƬȵֱС±ڻŻָ
׺Ӳ֪ʲôȻͷ˹С˵һ䣬Ȼóһľӣľóһ룡
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ͷӸ˼ʱ䣬ͽͷˣ亹ˡ
⻹û꣬óһ룬ֲ̫ˣǳȿԹᴩͷٴᶼУֵͷǩô֣
ͣıɱϷҲģ⾪궼֪ʹù轺ͷҪ浶ǹĸɰ治ˣ
ıɱ
⻰һ˶𾪣ͷæ̫ͣӵ£ϷΪ֮ͨа֮ų⣬ﵽ֢Чûжģ̫ӵ²ɻ伲ҽ
ҲˣأҲҪˣСߣ
̫۾棬ʵذο̫ӣ㲻ҪܵΪã
ôֵ룬ҪģƽһЩԭǸͷӽвܵҼסˣ
ġС˵˾ƭĻ
һôֵʹ󺰴У̫ҽ²롣ãСΪ˵飺ܵҪˡ
̫һƬãԳһʶʧķ衣˲ҽã˿¾ʲôˣҴƽɽΣӣղܵĲĵ˵
̫ǵҵСⲻ˵̫ӵõĲʧķ𣿡̫֤
⡭ղܵĳһ£Ϸһʡ
˵꣬ղܵ档


2 Ǵ̫ӡ
ǰһѾкܶĿ֮滳Ѿԭˡ
ǸղŴӻиѹʱӻתѾоԾˡ
ܵʵ̫ӵ£㻹ǵ̫𣿡
濴СһۣҵСð
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̫ߺûС־СҸӶҪˡ
ܵʣ̫ӵ£㻹ǵԼ𣿡
滳ɵؿ˿ʹ˵Сطʣҽʲô
ոɫתļˣһɫֲ԰
Сʵػش𣺡̫ӽǬָ
ǬǬ˭ɵɵʡ
һʱ˲֪ôش׳⡣
Ǭң˭Ķӣҧʵ
ܵȭͷձȻһ£̫ʥ˳ӣҴƴƳʱƺʵ۶ʥˣ
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棬ŶǬŴͣӿ˺̫صʷͿĵӵϢ
̫ڣƸڣƸڽΰΪиŽ죬һ˶Ϊס̫ӦǽΰôԼҲǬˣ
ҪǣԼؾֳ˾ƣôһߵһжˣԼһٱĶӣһĪ̫ӣ
ҪǣԼҪôȥִزȥˣԼȨı˽ô죬ؾֳҵǮ黹ûô죬ͷĹѸô죿
Χ˵ʲôѾǬĶˣһӴǰһڣ͵ڴˡ
ʱһƬң󶫹󴺷ҩ֣ҩֺ̫ҽҽҲ
̫ӵʧķ裬Ҳʧ֢һʱԷѣǶƽɽĸĴ£
ʱ̫ҽǾȲֻҽҪĨˣ
ʵܵĻر˵̫ӵʧķ裬ֻǵŵС಻ǵˡһʱ֪ÿ޻ǸЦ

Ǭٴѹʱ򣬹Ѿ˾ȴȻûаĹ
ǰ飬ظǰ벻ͨ飬һҲԼͨˣ˸ش
ظΰ̫ĽŲǰΪ貵ĴԼһ
ûƳǰǴٵʱȥֻǾ仰ľʽĵġ
ģǬҲһӱˣʲôʲôߺţʲôͷѸִȥɣƳƳ̫ӣ
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УҪġǬУû̫ҽǸ˯̫ҽҲа
˯̫ҽ˵ҽ󴺷ҩؾֵҽﲡǷڵ¡ܵȴܻ
󴺷ҩؾʲôط
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ղܵΪʲôܻ
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ǬͲܿƵŴһ£漴ֺϡû뵽ղܵôıɵһԴרңǲܻģҲ˵ģ
ܲܲ룿Ǭ
̫Сһ£ЦֲЦĶȻһͷҲ˵һ˵Цˡ
ղܵˣͬа˯кü׺ӣ֪ҩؾֻҩֵģһԣһΧǬ￴ϵı鶼澢
ͺ͵ǬǴٵʱΪȣʵȣȷѧȥҽԺɺãһȺʵϰΧȥȫſ쿴ȻҽǣûˣȻеʵϰһ顣
̫ˣ
ǬѹСȺ̫ҽͻȻ˵Դûˣ
ã̫ҽǿһ˵̫кתʱʧ֢ΪԺǵղܵģʧ֢ĲѾȶҳõһ淢չֻҪʱҩͻģ
Ϊ̫ѾǬ̫ҽǣǶûǬ룬ղܵĶûһ֣̫ˣ
Ȱ׺ǶˣǬŵ
Сãʲôʧ֢߷ǬԼĪ˸
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⻰Ŷ찡ʮһ͵ߵˣ߲мˣĻ˵óһοˣڿƼôߣҽôһҽõģ
ʵεĲκãεĲȻβã
֪ʧ֢ʲô
̫Ϊѵ˵ûˡָؿڣûˣͰǰˡ㲻õġһο˵Ļ
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ǬһĻڰο̫ˣҾʧ֢Ҳĵģˣֹء
̫ű졣
ͻȻǬ̫ݣ̫
šֵ̫ؿ
ģ
ǰǻʵ۴ͻġ
Ǿҵˣٺ١СñţǰҲ飬ȴһȫˣֵóѵ飬̫ˡ
̫Ц﷢ë̫Ӳַ˰ɣ
ţʲô֡Ǹǲ˵ˡ
ϣ嵣СС

嵣иС֣С
ôһֱ׵˵Ǭˡ
ĹãԭиСõ֣ѹָղźСش
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СúŵۺЦǬòˡ
СϺˣ˰ΣиŽ죬ʶ
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ܵܣ
ǰľŵܣ㶼ĸڻδ飬˵Ľ죬Ǵˡ˵
ʷƿԲ񣬡۳衱ĵӾֻǬԺˡԺĽӰͬѧھȻ̫ӣǸʲôԼǬļһȻǸ̫ӣĻһƨƵĽɽǬˣ
һ뵽ԼҪʵۣǬһӿƲס飬ɵˣ
ǸʷäĲмˣʾòö߱ˣṩһʵʷʷͨĶͬѧһΡ̫ĽӰȷʵƸΣҲˡǬҲǴڵġĴӣεͬĸ硣
ʷϡƻҪġмأɽиɡ̫ڳӡ¡ɽ¡ɽʮ¡Ϊ̫ӡʮաΪˡ
Ǭϰ֡䡱ʤ˻̫ӡʮ̫ӺΪ췴ˣΪ̫ӣ
ǻɵֵʱȴ֪ɵԨ
Ǭɵ˰죬ŻعԱǵĵţۼꣿ
ʮꡣ


3 ûбȲмˡ
Ǭڴ죬뵽һԼ
Խ
ǰڵӺС˵Ͽȴû뵽ϡ
̫һ̲ϸĵչǳǸչ˵Сòϵغ嵵غһ嵵չ£һһָȫƣĸоѾûˣǸղܵȴֲǬ´嵳Ŀ£Ǭʵڴϡ
ÿϣղܵĻһȺ׺ǬȻǬһһãʾǳˣҽסˣ˹ҽӰˣ˴Ƶ۹ֺǺǵ뿪ˡ
ڴϵǬɶǣȺ׺ÿ뿪ʱҪԸʱҩȺͷһһשͷҲ֪ǿʲôҩںҩ֭ҪֱǶҩ
ǬȣסùŮһͬĺҩˮˮһȥȻ庢һǬ˵һҲ࣡ǬжˣԼȻ˵붾ҩȻ󡭡ûȻˣҩˮðˣԷ֪ζ
ڶ嵶ҩˮҪݺҩˮĹ򣬱ǬֹˣȻ۾һҩˮ
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嵵һСˮǬº󣬺һҩôôడղܵҼסˣ
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ͣҰҺг㻹Ҫͣ
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ֺر׺ߣ˵޸ǬѾˣⶼϷˣڱǬſһͻߺ˸һŮ
ǰСòһСǬǰûûǵһǬƽûŵĲССһ㶼ţֽ˲ǰѿӴϣ֪иһֶڳȴ֮
˵ҵòǰŻʵ۴ԸջǺҩǰ˵顣
嵵ͷ»һֱأ˵ȥһ꣬ͲˡǵؿǬԺҪϧ壬Ҫһʱ벻ȥˣ
ǬӦǣΪʲôصģ
嵣֮ǰ֪ǰ̫̽ʱ˵һе飬ӦǱˣ
ݣѾܹˣǻʵ۵֮һ峯Ů飬Ǭ̫ˣ˼ҵĽɽȢ˼Ůʮ꣬ӣ
ˣôˣֻ̽ô˵ԼҲǸ̫ӣһ̽Ҳ̫ˣ
ǰʱֳָϵסԺˣǬĴ峤үүһȥ̽أ
Ϊ̫ҽ˵ˮһЩǼ˭ʹȾ˭Գ˲üǲ̽˵ġ
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ǰ̫Ҳ̫ˣЩ׳գ쵼˵ĽҲҷԣ͹쵼˳벻Լȥ겡ˣ˰ɣԹȥʱѹʱˣ
ǬǸɵñǬҡҡͷһǰ̫ӡ
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£Ҫ㣡ֹ
⼸ǬԺڴϣ󲿷ֶ嵰֡
ûҲˣ۳ȥߣ
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ǬѾվˣѾʵ֤ղܵǸӹҽˣ
һվǬϸоβһˣˡ̫ӵӦһװ˽һ׾ŵĺΣȻԭֻһôǿҵĸо
ҵĻðֲĶӶһ׾ŵģ
Ȱסֻ÷Ǭһ죬´·ȻͷؽᣬһֲʸоʧˡϷһ⣬ô
ҽϣʹһˣ漴һᡣտʼұ߷ţֻǬᵹˣ
СҪ̫ҽʹǬԹҾ˵ղܵӹҽɣ㿴º֢˰ɣ
£ĽżȥˤµġС˵
Ǭһ£ȻЦŶ˵㿪Цİɣ
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ɵˣԽƳȻһмˣ
嵣Ҳڿ嵵۾ۣаοΣ


4 ƳΡ
ӴĽһմ峿ѹ̫ĻõɫӺÿˮˮ۵ģ
Ǭеŵ㣬벻ֻҪ˯һԼ뿪ˡ
㿴ⲻڴϳͣ죬嵺ĹŮ͵͵ЦȻ⣬Цǵģ
󣬰ƸŮ˵

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죬ЦЦı顣
ʱľˣһǳɫĹٷվ񣺡³ĳ̫ӵ£̫֪кηԸ
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ղҪһεͼֽ嵸ˡȻԭҪǬû̫߹ԼΪ뵽ʲôܻʲôıˡʵ󲿷˶ΪԼϤĶذǽҲ̶á
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죬찡
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Ǭ߻Ҽһµ嵣ס
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ŮһŵùſڵˡҪ˵ʲôǬ·һ嵵˵ߣȥ裡


5 һƵЧ
šǬһһ߳ȥ
ֻĹŮ֣̫ӵӸϡǬһ̫ĸճƳδϡһţǬãˣֻ嵴·
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һǰһ㣬ƨ𶯣ǬļסԱϸο
һŮ׷·Ǭһ̧̫׷ߡ
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ղܵæִϻʺ漴¶ϲ֮ɫ
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ǬһһˣڴǰŻʺ֣ȣ裡
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ǬһᣬˡԼûˣѹȴʶӸðûУ
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ʺһ䡰һϥ߶һĳ棬һʱĶܰĸ΢Цص˵ͷȻ˵ˡ
ԱǸСһѱһģԴ׵ؿǬǬһѰӻʺĻﱧѹ裡
Ѿ׹һá
ղܵһ˵ϣȻҪʺ壬ҩʺҲҪϢλүʺҪ
šǸߴתĴССŮ˵ĸС밲󣬶ȥɡ
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һ٣˵ҽԸһҵȥдһƪ񡤴ڲļ
ǬãȻ񡤴ڲʲô
۾һ˿
嵼ʣ̫ӵȻ벻ǰˣ־ʣһһã֢Ҳٷһģǰģ


6 ̫Ρ
ܿ˺١
ʺС̫๬Ůʱ߹żҲ̫ҽ˳
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˵ǰǬŴͣС˼ȣ
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Ǭ˼ЦЦȻ˼صľ¼ϡ
̫ˣ趼ԼôĶˣҲȢˣȻôδϣǰһβˣǲԼҪȥϵܻõ¾ƣڻҪأ
һҲ̫ǿˡ
ĸԪꡭС͡

36ꡣ˵ⳡֵ׳أ
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361818Ұ
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7 ٻŮĻ
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Ů۾ضǬǬоϵĹҪĶȣ
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Ǭ˵̫ͶˣԽԽߣʼ㵸ĭɣצɫУ˵ˮͰKISSɳСٻʱĿƵض嵵С쿴һڣͨ͸ϵĻʺ¶˺Цɫ
˵ǧǿСٻ˾ʱǬŮݺݵĥǧһᱻŮʹ޵ҧһڡ
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иŮˣСٻĳǾ仰ЦˡȫˮЦÿģ治ЩŮ԰
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Ǭһֻβ͵èһֱȻ󼱵裬ˡ


8 ˷̫
ʺ󿩿ĿЦ
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춼㣿ʵ
ʺҸص˵ͷȻʮƽ˪죬Ϥ꣬ε໥ֻԧ첻ɡ
۾һʺ˵磬ԸԸء

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֪ѧ峵Ÿ߰˶ϵõǬĬϣԵøӸˣ˵Ǹϲţдʮƽ˪죬Ϥ꣬ε໥ֻԧ첻ɡʫˣƽƽӹӹô˵ʫﲻΪ˴û˵Ǹϲǵ±ģʵºʫǵдģ
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μһľ嵱ûз֣߿տյġӻһ׶һ׶೤峵ҪټĽ֧ܣӼӳȣĸӶ档
ȥԣӸ߶еˣнӽһףҪġ
ȥˣϵ˾ͲԼƶˣԼ֮ǰ˸⣬´μ³ʦҪһ´ٸĻ
ĥΣվһЦ͵Ц͵ЦðͻȻԼڰ峵ϣôǲݱűͻأ
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ҪɳСٻһ˹һΪʲôҪΪһ˵ͬأ
һǬĻҪ۽һ㡣
СΪʲôҪ˵ԼǸǬܺ棬úʣҰɡ
嵵УǬ֪嵵һ˷ˣǰ̫Ѿûкͬˣֻǰ̫Ǹˣû¸߻ʺҲûݵ嵵˼
Ǭˣʲôп˷嵣ȴߴЩĵزԸ˵
СҰ㣬Ҵﵽ壬ҵӽŵͷ㣡㰮𣿡Ǭ˵
黰ԴϣһӸܵ޴Ҹߵ˵ֻصͷ
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ǲҵŮˣǲˣ죡Ǭջõĵͷ󣬡ҲҵģҪȻҲǿԵİ

ô⿪ĽᡭǬһջһ
黰ѾݣʹǬջãܿ嵵һһǬһ߻ɬ壡
Ǭһߴ嵺ãʵСƭҵİɣúõģΪʲô˵ˣ
ߴ˵˼ҡ˼ûë


9 䵭̫
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˼ҡ˼ҡǬ֣⻬Сϣ»»Ƥù⻬ϸ壬һ·ף
԰
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Ǭһ£嵽һȻ౥ûκëݣ
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ǬЦԭô£
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ǵƳⲻ˶ֻͷëǾ˵ŴǶ޴ġ
Ȼ˵Ϊڵ·ëԽԽ٣ûëˣȽ˵ļһŻˣӦø˲ǣ
ۣǰû˵־еԽԽ
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嵻ˣ̫ӵĴ̫ӣ̫ϴɱˣôԭأ
ӦõģšǬҸϴȥҵĶϴͺˣ
йŮŪˮһܴԡϴ˸裬Ǭ嵻˯˯ȥǬȴ˯š
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֮һǰ̫ӵÿһλã嵵Ľһܵ˺ʹĲò滺һһαء
嵵İ׻ʣִţ͸˻ˡڹŴȴУǬǰǵ˵׻ŮΪʲô˷Ϊ׻Ůߣ˾ѪҲ֪Ŵǲ˵
Ϊʲô̫ӻȢһ˷ŮأӦ嵼޵ʱСʮ꣬Ҷ̫ѡ죬ҲΪ仹СûëȻ޻һ껹ûëڷ޼䷢ˡ
ǰǬɶԭ嵣ٺͬŮ˵һ˺ʹʹԼղžһֱԳƲˣ
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嵿֪ǰ̫ʰĵҲ˶ûа嵿˷Ը߻ʵۺͻʺҲû
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嵲ǬǰСãҲţǬȻ˺ȻǬпǵ°Ը󲿷ֵԭΪ嵺ãҪκ嵵Ĳ
䵭ǸҪ޼໥ΣһǬ嵼ѾкܺõĻˡ
ڶҪ嵽֪ЩǶô顣
Ҫ໥˽Է壬Ȼ˽ǬΪҪǬⷽΪռˡ
Ȼôһһظ뵽ˣǬһʱҲ벻۾֪ʲôʱˣ뵽һ룬˯ˡ
ڶѹǬߵ嵲ˣһѾ嵾ͳǰˣŮ
˭ȳȥǬ΢ߵ˵ڱһ˿ң˼ùỤ̊
Ů˺Ǭ·Ǻܿ췢ЩŴ·֪ôˣֻ嵰æ
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ǬĶͷһ£ȻɬˮˣһоڲС
ߣǿȥͣǬ嵳š


10 ٵӲ鷨
峿֦ϵϲȸߴߴУµĺͯڻϷ
紵СӣС췢ЦС̫μݼݵغ
Ǻ棬һС̫Ű峵ǰȥ峵ľʯ巢ǹǹǵүߴٿһЩٿһЩСֻ̫ܵø졣
峵ߵ͹Ůػţˣ
ʱһ̫༱¹ˡ
Ǭ嵴Ӻùݵʱ򣬾ͿһȺŮ̫໤Сƨһ峵棬ʱǶȻɢ
СǬмһСһƣ
嵳ԳЦذѴƵڶƵǬƨ£Ǭ˱һ߰
ԶС̫οɵˣԼϵһ峵˼ҵСľ忿ĸߵ
СƨһۣӶԷ￴˵ǿĳ嶯

Ǭû뵽ˣŮ˵ʺδѹһ˵ȥϳʱԸܴ˻ʺ˯ߡ
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ĸܵûϵء˵
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ӹһƤǬΪӻû뵽Ӻüӣǲ֪װĻڿ
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Ǭ˻ʺҺһ߽СȻߵëԱߣĴ
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һûȥ׼˵ʲôʲô

ʺǬĽȰСԿЦͣǬΪĲˮʺ̲סЦø
ܿǬĻˣŻʺССࡣ
ԹͺǬ˵裬ھãҸ㽲һӶʨ𡷵Ĺ£


11 Ӷʨ۱ʡ
Ǭʧ֢飬ʺѾһŮ֪
˶ģһŮС˵̫ӣûʺˡ
ʺţ֤ʵȻ֪Ǭĵʧ֢ʲôˡģ϶񻯣ŷ顣
ڿ̫Ȼʧ֢δã־ȴѣұֵöĸ׸ܣһʱο˲١
ǰ̫ȻТͷɲĸ׵Ĳǰ½ơ
ڿʼֻһˣҪңƭңӦҵÿһضҪҽÿһ仰Ҫģ۸ңңҪң۸ңҪڵһʱңҿأҪҿģҲأҪҿģԶҪƯģҲҪңֻҡܲ
Ǭһ£ͷǳͶ룬˵ǳ̨ʵʱһߵ嵣Ƥᶯ³һڡ
ߵͨ죬øƵġ
ʺߵĹͻȻЦˡ
һЦΧµĹ͹ŮҲЦˡ
ǬһЦɶྭ̨ʣж˰ǾȻ˼Ц
ʺָ嵣ѸղŵΣԳǬ˵һԡ
ǸТ˳ˣڻʺ󲻸һ˿棬ֻöźͨͨСӲͷƤһ顣
ǬйĳѸղһξһֲ©ؽ˳
ΪһߣȻǬĻ
ֻǱǰ潲ĺúõģôͿˣҲأҪҿģԶҪԽԽ죬ȥ˶ꡭЦ˳
ҲһЦʺЦֱؿ
ȺŮôˣ⾭ʲôЦģȥĴʲǣƯ
Ư
ҲأҪҿģԶҪƯġ
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йˣ֣֪õģʹ˴ǽȥ
ǰǰٲЦˡ
֣㿴ĸͻɩڴ㽲ȥŶ
ˣǼƽϡ
һϲϲֵĹ½˶δǻʺвôþЩƣǬûʺϢ˶ˡ

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š˵ͷ˵⳼ǰסˡ
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ŮĶ̣Ƥѽ̵ĺӣŪ˸¶ˣǺǣ俴鷨ȥ
俴ˣǺЦֹȴ˲ȫ֣дһɵ׵ľôСֲش죬ǺǡھӼҵĺһ㣬ȫûаѻʵ۵Ů߸š
ȴǳȻֹҲֻ죬жײ˼
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ˣ۾һֱɫ԰ˣ
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ǹĿ⿴ȷʵԶ
ˣɶݣǹĪԶëʵˣͷϿϷĻ
ĺֹĻŭţΪױҪԿˣϷ仰תתˣֱһ尡Ȼ⡰һ塱ʫ仹δƳֹѾ뵽˼ˣѧٸһЩٶһЩдռǵϰߣһռСһ塱ʫȨǺֹһͷβעʫԵˣ
֣ĶëΪơ
ֹ߸˵߹ʱƨʣŮȡ۱ʡʾΣ
һϷһǺЦͬ۱ʵ֡
֮£ȡһ˵Ϊƻ޹Ȼ졭۱ʹ׾޴󣬵Ҳܻķ鷨ϰһٲúд֣ΪȻᷣ㡣
ǡллʣָ˵ؽӹƯһţѬŨŨֻڶζҡһҡᷢöǰˡ


12 ̫ӡ
ֹ˶Ͳ۶ëдֵϷˣˡ
մīдһ֣ϼһ飬Ϸ߹æīֽߡ
ϷȻʾ£Ҳ۱д˼֣һ顣Ϊʲôֽˡ
ϷһۣһоڲУǺһЦ
Ϸ۱ã̫Сϰ߰⡭һָ֣Ǻǡ
ֹܰдôƯҲѵá
һӵ˵֪һдñõģڻʺһۡ
ŶϷЩڴ
£֪̫ڲΣϷȥʵ
۱ʸһ䣬¡
һУ֪ϷҪ˵ʲôǬĲ˵
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Сʱƽƽǲǣ˷ʱͼˡǬԹ嵣ȻʵˣСǼʱ﷢ģ


15 Ȩ뷿֮֡
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𡭡嵿æ˵شǣڡĻ͵Ӷ硣

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嵻˷֮УӸղǬ֪ʶУ˺ܶණıʣرÿĵµˮˮȻӣֵĺӵӣԺֵĺҪôɰͻȻԼΪʲôҪɰĺӶأ
ͬʱǬΪһЩ⣬ΪҪģû뵽ȻֻǽôһЩ˵֪ʶ˯ˡ룬һЩˣ۵§Ǭĸ첲˯ˡ
ڶǬʱѾˣֻؿڵ·ˮأ
嵰鷳·ؼҪǬؿˮ»ôҲ뵽˯̫ˣˮؿˡ
ô棬ǬģΪƤ̫һ
ˣүʲô񰡣嵵ڻûǬΪʲô˵װ
һֵܵ񣬱ˣ߻ΣյʱͰͷɳƨ¶ø߸ߵģ˾ϲƨɡ
ϴˢϣһŮ˵³ʦˡ


16 ɽկ
òȻ糿ŵ޵Ļ߲컯µؾһҪǬãǰǻ
³ʦҲ
ǬƳһΣ֣߱С֣ӳСһףǬ˵һ³ʦҹӹ
ǬȥԣԱߵ嵲ʳ˼̻һʲô͸³ʦŮֺ³ʦǳظлŪúҪЧ̫ˡ
ʲôҪĽģ㡣Ǭ˵˵
³ʦȥˣǬ嵳͵ʱ򣬿źںڵĿӣͻȻһĴȣ뵽ˣ
ɰһ
ǬҪͷµ֬һֶĿɻȥЦû£ֻͻȻ뵽һ
ʲô嵺ʡ
ţһ֪ԡתͷһ̫˵ȥһЩľ̿
̫಻֪̫Ҫľ̿ʲôҲܶʵģæȥųľ̿
ųר
̫ʱǬóԱùŮֽһ񡷣̫ʵľֽ̿ϻ嵣Ů̫඼ȵĿɿڴ
ȥϣֹ˺üΣʵ£𣿡
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Ǭ룬Ϊȴ
žһ졣
ѽ嵽һ̧ˮӲؿǬ
мҷҫؾƣүôָĻˣһϰ
ү嵽εεػ
ž
ү嵲ˣôִ
Ǵ㲻ˡǬ˵ΪǸĲ裬ŻǻʱӲ鷨ǲ裬ҵ鷨Ϊ᲻ΪǺŶǣǸʵҸĽˣľ̿дʲôˮܻٵˣ
ٺһЦ˵ţһбأ
嵵ǬϿЦͣȵͣæǬ·Լ·ܿͻָӺݴ󷽣ֹŵ̫
³Ǭ΢һ£Щ죡
̫С򣬽ϾȻûܵҡڵΡ
ǣκһ̫ںţˣ
һ֦֦ͷŷۺֽսػţС캰ţ죬졭Ÿ磬졭
β֪һСģõ죬ﺰ尡
κһȺŮ̫Ǭǰҫһȥˡ
ɽկǬ
ЦʣүʲôɽկӦòɽׯɣ
ɽկһȺ޳ܵСӿ˵ĺöͬ⣬ԼͬĶԭˣͽɽկǬָ޳ܵΣе棬ģ
죬Ц
ǬָһͨһӣСóһγС㡣
ΣȻʣүʲôѽ
ĸܵĳǬԽе˵ΣǸ߹Ĳмø߹ٶȴĸ߹󹤾ߣЩС㲻
һشСУԭȥͰԭηˡ
ղܵĴһȺ̫ҽڸʺǬһǸг׺ɵĹŮĵʣǸĵطûˣ˺ûУ
СһӺˣֻܴԽе˵һˣˡ
⺦ʲô߰ҪҲҪԭܰ
ֻɩ밲
Ӵˣ
ǬתЦſǰС㣬Ų̵СװС۷۵ģԽԽɰ
Сԡ
ҲһһֵӺð
Ǭǰ챻͵ߵҪһء
һ
Ǭ°ԱߵŬŬŵǾˡ
ˣ¶ֺõЦݣҡǬ֣ʱǬţ˵֣һ˰ȥˣûȥ͵أ㿴Ĳ𣿡
С飡ǬЦˣȻӵһϡ
С۵ظŵˡ
ղܵĴӻʺȱʾǶǬʵͿڴİ취о÷ǳУǻȰ취ϱϣʼߵȻ̫Ǭ̫ҽ˭Ҳ̫ӵĹ͡
ǶǬĻղܵ־ϲ˵̫ӻָ÷ǳ죬ѾȫȺϲȴ˵βҩúˣһЩҩ
Ǭˣ֮ǰһҩǬܵʺ̫ҽȻ׷˰Ķҩڲ˰ɣ㾹Ȼ˼Ȳҩ
Ϊҩ˸ͺҩǬھ϶ӹҽĶŸҩ־һǻ˰Ķҩ
̫ҽȻˣæοߵǬԱߵĹŮ̫Ŀܾ񿴵˿ʱİһ㣡
ǬܲڣС֣ǣղʲôҲûѾʧ֢ˣ֪
ǣ׺Ҳʧ֢ˡСѾͷһһ˵
šǬĹˣ￴ʺȥˡ
ʺɫ࣬ĸƲûҽ԰취ղֻܵҩȶʺѣӹҽ
ǬΪʲôȥղܵģʺõǸƲźǶ֢ҩǬЦˣƣղܵȻҲǿǬָֻЦղܵ᲻֪ʺĲֻûζѡ
Ů࣬ȻʺǬĹ¶˼ڣȴԱҪٳࡣ
ǬţǸҩ˼㲻֪ܲҵҪòܽ
ΪǬһ콲ˡٻŮĻ꡷ӶʨʵĹ£ЩǶ֪˽£ǬʱйŮĿⶼŹ⣬ʺճͣСŮҲˡ
ȣҸ͸λŮǽһ¥Ρĳƪ£һʽ»ع£һһµһ¡ĿͻȻһϤӰ
СսսڴĿ⿴
Ǭ֣С½
ʺúܰԵĿ⿴СºǬǬͻȻɰͰ͵ز֪ҪôشС°ѹڱ˳һдֵֽЦ𣺡ʺ̫ӵū¼볭ľ׵Ĺ¡ǵǰĹ¡
ǬӹһӴȻһһûвġǬǵԼĹµһһ֣ϤԼ´ϵһЩϰۣС¾ͰЩϰߵȫд˵ˡ
ⱾҲ̫˰ɣ
ʺƵصͷͬСһ߼¼ĺ¥Σ
ȣڽһأʿλʶͨ飬糾㡣¥εĹʮģˡ


17 塿
ǬһֱΪ¥Ρ鰮С˵ִķӾ磬רŸŮǿġŮ˷˼ԣֿЦЩʣͺСϲĿϵ»ʳһ㡣
ǰǬ̣裬СúĸŮǱֱӵ̬ȣӷ㰲֪֮֡
ǬľһֱԺ¥αʾмֻǾϵɣжϼȲɡСöеʱСþϲ˺¥ΣԼˣҪǬһ𿴣ڳеУͿ˺¥飬˴ѧΪ׷ţְѺ¥θϰһΣ׷źʹֵظſ顣С˵Ӿ˵ˣԼټˡ
ʱǬʹֵʱôҲ뵽һ촩ԽƳȻѺ¥ⱾŮС˵ǰƳĸŮǣһʱΪŮ֮ѣ
Ǭսˡ¥ΡһأСŮ˷ܵغŽڶء
ʲôǬʺȻ۾ڴ;ڶأˣڶأַˡ
ʺ󣬳Ϸ̽ʺȺ򡣡ʱһ̫˽˵
ǬͣʺˣƣرϣǬоĿһ˿ľ⣬ʺһǿʺ
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Ǭʺ˵ɩɩʶ̽Ӧľĸ
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һ߽һŮϴº͵΢ЦĿȰɨǬȻϵĻʺϥһ񣺡ϼʺ󡣡
ɩɩ͹澲ҪЩ
澣ǻʺ
ʺĿתǬˣԸǵľĸ
ǬĸǬ˵
嵺ǸҲǬͬľʽʺãǸԳơʡ
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ӦõģǬǫ˵
ʺ˵ǬȳȥɣΪǾĸл˵
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ҽʣʷֹЦˣСԲܺÿ
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Χ壿ᡣǬ䡣
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СŮһȤȱȱ
飺Ҫö
Ǭתͷѯʵؿ˵öֲӣö
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壿СŮһȵСΧ壬ǶΧ
ǻʵۼҵĶΧ̶̴ľģõִȥֻСһΧ̲ʷֵֻ۱ֻҲҪϰԪ
֣㲻Ҫ𣬿ˮС˵
Ŷû˰ȣǳ򵥣˰ɣ
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ϵԽԽֳ࣬ƯĶͷüëԽԽšһ
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Ƶ˵һģʲô˼
СŮ໥һۣȻע⵽ǬԱߵ嵱Цı飬ߺߵ
֡ʱ˵ˣ
ָ̣崦ֻҪһӣ־Ӯˣɻһֱأ
ԾԾԣ˵㣬ͻһ̰ɣ
Цλһִ󽫾ɱҵƴϱ˳
СѾͷɱذǬһЦûܵ˿Ӱ죬ɣ
ѣҶ£׷ɱСѾͷһףȴǿˣǱϾǳѧߣӮǬֻ񣬻أ
һ˱һȺŮ˰Χһʱ䣬֬ζϢʱͬԿˣͻеظоԵμʱǬһӾͷˡ
أǬֶһͷץһƤᶯΡ
μ֣ˣ˯ȥˡιص˵
۾̣Ŀȡ
治ǬʣӺŤʲô磡
λûӦʱѾǬһѱ𣬷ŻˣȻһöӷ
С̫ЩСӶˣȻҪһ¶ֻСϻץĿ¶׹⣬С̫һҪǬĻ
ǬһģɶСϻ
ȻǬץ֣Űӷȥ


18 ˮѸ
һİǬְֵذС̫εӣС̫ŸԼ¡Ĺǳ򵥣һˣԽԽԣغСϻսһţ
ǬΣȻγȥɢ
ģεһˮرߣǬͣȻ󿴿ˮеĵӰһӢˮС
⻹ǬһοԼƳӣȻͭǻƲǬЩǰľӡ
ܵ˵Լں˧΢㣬ǰüһԳǵӥµʹʣ˿ȥдһŵζΨһ룬С
žҲˮصӰУЦ绨ĿдҸ
һ԰Ǭ
ͬһһÿ
Ǭչȥһڣ
ѽ嵽һϲΣߵæܿ±˿
Ǭһʯͷˮӳȥpiapiaʯͷˮ£ײˮضʯڣˬ
ˮ±㣬Ǭһ㶣ˮ㡭㣡һԴˣҺ͸ľֳ˾ƻش壬·ԼȨı˽Ȼ󷢾Ʒ˸ġstyleˮˣƳѹŻẰˮˣ
ŴͣԽԽ
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СϻǬĿһӣˣͷӡ
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⻭ΣŻȦȦܿһ̾ˣ
̧ͷȴС̫Ӳ鷨ɶأ
磬ЩֺƯľ̿ľ̿д𣿡
ǰʷԸҵӲ鷨һߣ壬ãҪѶԷĵռˣʤˡ
ӵؿ˸Ůһۣ߼
κٺһЦ

ʺڣһżؿŻʺ󣬡ʺѵ̫ӱֵ̼úĻ̫ӿɾˣڴϻԶˮȲ˽ٲȰһȰϣǾʹ²ˣ
ʺڴϣȻϴžòĲ԰ףȴһ̩ɽơҪ˵ĻѾ˵ˣټʺҲֻƽĿ⿴ٶ෢һԣ
ŶϷûһþͣԻʺ˵ʺСӣ˵ɩ̫˽ˣ̫Ӻĺӣѡ˭̫ӣǶ⣬ǼҲһôԼ̫ϣ̫ӱˣô죿
˸ƣʺ̾һ˵ɩɩ̫ԭϽҸļţ˳ҵˣ̫ܲԭ֮ô
ˣ΢΢һţˣ漴ղŵһйˡ
ʺ󻰷һתȰǬδ֮˶ˣ̫ӸУܵңĸ̩ʤڣǬͲýɸ³
˻һţæ¿ûκιŮˡ
ʺĿ¶ƣ֮ɫϧֻ¹˽ˣ׼ɣ
澣ģģϰο
ҲоԼǶô԰ף


19 ѧϰݡ
ӻԲ̵ȦȦڳɿʵִˣ
ǬŲ豭Ȱ׿ˮȴȵñ˼ҺȲĻмƣ
˫ֳգ̿ã̧ͷǬ磬һºòã·ˣ
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һǹƷ
ǣǶׯģС»ش
ԭԼֵģ಻
ʺأ˿ûׯЩ
ţȥЩե֭Ǭñ˺ȲˮԿˣ뵽˹֭СȥŪ
ե֭
ԣ֭ǬһҪ͵ӵС̫֣һ˵һʺһ
Ҳһκ
ţҺͻʺȣûˣեƻģ
һڡ
Ǻǣֵʲôôˣһº͵
ǬعͷһȰվǰæ
ǼƺΪĸ⼸СŮƺΪԹˡ
ԳݿһȺӹ䣬͸ˣ
˳ϣСϻһرߵǬǰĴû񾭾üĿ΢΢ЩƣСϻʤ˴ã
Сϻ§סǬĸ첲ߵ֣°ɣ
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СŮһϲлл֣
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СϻȻ⣬ͻȻıӶ˶عͷ̫Ĺ֭һһӵ֮һһüë
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22 ߵıӦ
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ǬΣţһ·ϲζԽԽŨ̲סˣǰĲ賧ϰ̣ȥ䣬γ軹֪ģ²ҶԳһΣͲȥƳЩŴ˵Ĳˡ
·ЩǬϣŷûһŽŵģȥҪ³ʦϡ
һԺӣǴ洫ģԺϹŵųҡ
ſڵļŮǬ嵣æ񣺡ū澼̫ӵ£̫
ʵ²𣿡
һŮӦǵ̫ɽׯġ
ʱԺһ깬ŮС˳æǬ񣺡ʳ̫ӵ£̫
ʳֺܹ֣ǬĲҶʵ²Ҷ
ʳص²ԺڳС
ҽȥ
ʳһ£㲻ܽų
ΪʲôǬʳ˺ôĵ̫Ӷҹܣ
æСͣ£ʥԻԶʿӶˣοأ
Զ˵˲ܽǬʣŴҲ̫û˰ɣŮ˳ĲôѳԣԼò裡
ţ
ʥ˵仰ʱв𣿡Ǭֱ׳˵
ǰ̸賧ϣвԴʱĽܡһΪϹũϷģˣȻšڶΪԴܳس
ʱʹ˲֣Ƴ˰Ѳּ򻯣ԲԴӦƳǰƳʱռűȽϹ㡣
Զ˵ģǸսˣʱвҲһռǬʵôֱ׳
嵺ʳˣǵȻ֪ʥûвˡ
ûж԰ɣʥ˵⻰˵˲󷹳ˣû˵˲ܿҶȥҶǬ˵

ʲô·СҽȥǬֻ˻ӡ
ʳڷʱѾǬƵİʾ£߽ȥˡ˺һʳѹֻں׷ķˡ
ųǸԺӣֳ˺üԺӣǬһв԰ԺӣʮŮ̫æµͣкܶڰѳõĲζ顣
ԭȵĲҶȫģȺһŪİ
ͣǬ
ȫԺ˶סˣתͷǬȫܹ¹
ǲ²Ҷȫ˰ɣǬʡ
һʱӦ㿴ҿ㣬֪ôش̫ӡʱʳ˽£㡭
ϻҶˡ²Ҷ


24 衿
ʳΪѵؿ˿ֻ̫˵£²Ǳߡ
ʳĴ£ǬʲҶǰ棬Ǭ¶˷֮ɫ
̫Ҫ²ҶȥǬ׼ٶ²ҶЩ
̫࣬ʳ嵶һ
Ǭʼָ׼
԰ȻȱǬܿվڴǰ棬˰ѴȣŲˣͰ׼õĲҶ˽ȥ
һֻתһӣҶҶɫʱ̧ʹ¶ȽһЩʹҶڹתѾҶƬճʱٽ̧¶ٽһЩҶ굽ɨ֦ʱ೴飬ҶĳɸʱͿԳˡ
õĲɫ̾źǰȵĲࡣǬǰ賧ʦ˵軹ԼĺúȣЩĲ裬̫ûζˣǬȥҿöβ裬ʦλȥƵһγ裬ǬԼˮƽˣĲǰʦˮƽһ
£⳴跨Ҳأֻ²Ҷ𣿡ʳʵ
ԭǳǰҪһأѹֲҶζôࡣ
ȻСǬЦ
ţû湬ŮǳĲζŨʵ£費֪ôģ
Ǭ֪ĹŮĲҶòζܵˣȻܺȣ˵費ģÿˮһݾͿˣ
ʳùŮ豭ͿˮǬԼгһҶڲ豭嵵ˮ
ˮ豭һŵĲҶˮչˮҲɴ͸ȥͬһ㡣Ƭ̹һ嵭ԶĲ˾һ
Ĳ谡ϲõ˵
ò裬ò谡ʳ޵ڵųʮֵ꣬Ĳ費֪ж٣ֻҪһŲ֪ҶƷʡ⳴ݳĲҶԱǰȹĲ裬Ҫϲֹһ˷ܵؿǬǱ裬񿴵һİ֮һ㣬۾Ĺâľˣ
Ǭˮ²ˣһڣţоǰȵĲҪúȵöࡣ⵹Ǭĳ蹦жߣʼҺȵĲ裬ҶƷȻ֮ѡǬĳ蹦˵ӷ֣ҲѲҶˣݳĲˮȻȥ
ں󣬾ͰʣµĲˮݵǰСҲһȻýûпˮ
嵱ܵĶŪһ죬ǽӹСڡϱϾǰȵĶͬǹֱƢ
ʳҲһǬ֣˵
֪裬ģԷ˵Ƿĳ跽ʽ
ʳǹݣһƷΪˣ̫ӵĻæùŮ²豭ÿˮݡԺＸʦ̫ӳ²裬ǳĶҪ㣬æΧҲǬƷ裡
ȵǶԹ˺һ¶֮ɫǬЦԺȻ̣òˣ
ʦղûǬ裬ʳһղԱ߿ĹŮһ飬ǬԱָ㣬ܿͽ̻˼ʦʦһΣȻʦһξͳǬˮƽܵǬĴ
ԼĲҶǬ뿪˵ųصùŮݲ衣
Ů֪²ºȷ豭˿ˮʵ£ūȥκͽƬ
˭ٸЩҳ˭Ǭŵ
ɲٺȵЩμӽĹֲˡ
ˮǬ˸ãͻĹŮ
ƳҹǿµģûеӿûеӰҲûеԿ棬ǬԼ⼸ҹܽǣһϾʣ´ϻˣ
үһ̣رϲ㷢壬̸һ̰ɣ
Ǭ嵣ĿٺһЦͬѧϿʱ䣬ȴʦ壬ǲҪԷˣơ
ү嵻֡
ǬһѺᱧȥԤʾŽĴϻʼˡ
ǸƣǬʻ嵣ͬѧ븴ϰһĹΣ
嵱вţµ˵ʲôк壬ʲôʱѪʲôʱ򲻳Ѫ˵ˮΪʲôţΪʲôŲġǧ֮֡ˮϰͬѧߵȥǬĻװ
Ǭڰм٣žڳԵԲϣ嵰ѽؽһίؿǬֻһݣһأ
ǡ嵲˵ָ֣оƵв
ְͷǬĻƵһݸϰһ顣
񵽣ǬϿεݣһʶôһԼʶƵǬĻﴫ鷿飬ΣŮ˻԰ĸСʣʲôٰʲôЩ֪ʶڴʮĿˡ
嵸ϰ󣬷ԼظһӲ̵Ķһ£漴ղŸϰ֪ʶãⲻǺѪ
ǬԼ˵ôٶ˵ĻȻзӦģ嵿ʼģظͺǬĶһһӦֻԵŵʵȣֱӶظˡ
Ǭϸ嵽˵֪ʶټղŵĸϰѾãʶѪ˴Ҫˣ
Щµ̧ͷͺЩصǬ۾ˣǬ۾ǰĻ棡


25 صĻߡ
С
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š
ѧϰݣĽӴòã
š
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š
ȴóǬȵĿӣǷݽǬǻ˱ˮ۾ǰǬ鲻ԽصͷСһڣû뿪ˣ嵽һȻصɴ۾ֽرϣϼĽë
һ嵵ĳС嵺ܺ棬СһǴˣһСŵæܿ׷Сܵߣ׷ߣСһܵߣ׷ߣСҶ㣬ͷ㣬С㣡
һ嵵ɤﴫŵ۾ǬóѶ¶ʤЦݵ۾ϣ嵺ߵذְ۾ϣĽëҲϡǬһЦС㣬һһؾԼ
Ҳ֪˶ãɬˮǬģķλվвǬǬƺѾﵽϬľˣһ˼
ɲȱιȥˣæУܿҵĿ꣬ѩ׷źεĲӳջǬͷһ£̵ĽŵĲ·չͱ·סˣǬٵطԸһ·嵺Цʱ࣬񾭶Ǭ촽ǵĵطЦҲûоȥЦˡ
ڿǵµ㼡ˣǬؿ嵵·ÿһԽ¿УͬԵһ㡣ʱӳ嵳رǬ˸飬ǬļһѹŴ··ҲСֽ⿪ˡ
Ǭ̲סˣҪǹʵսǵָ嵵ļİͷȴطﻹǸɸꡣžѹ嵻Ǹ䵭ߣûжǰû˺
ǰϷȵʪսҲ֪˶ãǬнԼ˫ȣֺ첻ϵΪŷͻȻɤӷӺƽ㺹죬ó࣬һûУָܶһ¡
Ǭ־ط֣嵸߳ˣǼİͷȴȻָ꣬ȥ濴澹ȻҲɸɵģ
ʱ򲻸κֳ˺ġǬн˫ȣܵرƣϴ֮ɫţ˯Լȴ˺þãƽҲ֪Լʲôʱ˯ŵġ
ڶϣǬѹһɫ˽ʪͷǬ֪Ѿȥϴˡ
Ǭ·һһظϡĶҪƽʱԵܡ
·úóһС飬˵ү츸͸ҹ顣žϲ
ϲšǬһۣʱû飬һȭͷʯһᡣ
޳ڹŮǰʱ򣬹ŮǶϺ޵̫ɫܺã̫ɫЩںڵģԿƺЩ꣬Զ¸Сģ̫ӶǷ
Թ緹˵үȥѧˡ
ţϿʱʲôʱ򣿡
ʱĩ
Ǭ̧ͷţʲôгʱ
嵸ϸ˵׹ƳЩŴʱĽзҲǳ峯һС顤־е˵Ѱҹ֣гخСΡϦʱҹΪסҡǰһֳʮʱǬҪһ£ӾȻ㲻
ǬСĵʣûʱʱ˵𣿡
ʱʱ룬۾һ뵽ˣˣͭ©ӳʮ֧ʱģ
ͭ©ùŶĶǬ룬еӡ
ͭ©ڡ񡷣̳ˣ嵲ͨСƤᶯԼ˽
ǰ㣬ʱĩǶ٣
㡭ڳʱ˿̡۾գգ˵ˡ
ʱ˿̣ڰ˵ʮҡǬʣʲôʱ򣿡
ǡʱ̡
̵˿̣һʮӣǻаСʱأߣȥ
Ǭָ豭˿ˮȻѲ豭ŵʺǰʺȤؿŲ豭һŵĲҶˮչˮô͸ȥͬһ㣬嵭Ĳ˻ʺıһ
ò裬ɫ㣬Ʒ֪ζζΣʺЩ˵
ƷݴʶˣǬǺһЦæֹ裬費üΣЩҪӣ
ţʺǺȼεĲϰˣֵؿߵСܾ
ò赱ȻҪƷĴζͲúˣǬ˵裬ˮЩȺȿ
ʺϿɵĵ˵ͷ
˺һˮ²࣬ʺٱڱһŲ㣬ССһڣ۾ϣëȴضţǻζһȥܵغһ
ȻǺò裡ʺ޵ȷʵƷĺû
ʺʵǬӺδ
Ǭ˵Ŷ쿴²裬ȥġ
ʺɫһͣ⺢ӣôܽųأ嵣ôסǬ
ԻʺֵĻǬһ㶣æڴǰ£óϿҵǸ֪


26 ֡
ͻȻıʣǬʳǾ仰Զ
ŻʺӣǬ֪ˣƳ˵˼жôִ
Ϊһǧǰһϼһ˵һ仰Ϊ˺ݵ˽һֳ飬˽ʳ嵵Ϊѣڻʺ嵵ΪԿ䡰Զеĵλ
ڻʺ᲻ԼĻΪǬǸжҲŸԼڹ
СǬȥ嵣һ߶Իʺͣ裬ԼȥģСңҼֽȥˣ
ʺظżٵĺһһģǬ²ͷ͵úܵͣ͹
ô
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ӣʺ󲻷ǲˡ
裬ΪЩɲ裬ȥģȲҪӣǬ֪Ҫ˵˻ʺУ裬˭˵Ӳܳ裬ˡ
ʺ̧۾ǬǵС޵ģһֽĸζǬЩ飡
ΪţֻӲˡ
裬ңǲǷ˾Զ仰
㻹֪㲻֪пԵ֪˾֪ʺҧС˵
˵˰⻰˭˵ģӣ֪ϼһϼһʱвʷܿԼԲҾΪһǧǰûв裬԰˵Ӳû˵ܳ谡Ǭ˵Ϊһӣѵĸ׳裬ͲǾ𣿡
ȻĻ˵Щ߰㣬ʺ֪ʲôԲ˼ˣ棬Цˡ
ǬûûˣТ˾Ǿӣɲ
ߣʺЦһۣСӾ˵˵ʥϼһ죬㸸ʺͿ׷ˣ˹ģ
ٺ٣裬û˹ģӣǬֺõ˵㿴Сɣ
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ǡ̧ͷлĸ̵ǡ
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ʺǬ۾ϲãǬ㳴ģΪܳȺò裿
һ֣ſڵ̫ӣȻ˵Ǳо󳴳˺ò衣ΪǰǸʵǸ˵
٣ΪƽʱȲܺȵԾǳʱҪѲˣȥ˺һ˾ͳˣˣ
ʺȰؿǬˣһת̫ӣǸҪµˣЩ漼ɵ飬ǲҪ
Ǭһ͡
ˣǵĶѧʺ߶ԺҪСֵ͡дֻǴñȥ̫Ӳдʲô۱ʺľ̿д񻰡Ҫ²裬ԸȥУҪԼȥˡ
һһģ˵ǬЩˣɶ˵ģֻһһӦǡ
ȵǬԴεģ峿һŻعԱ۽ǻ嵣ε˵Ǹˡ
š嵰۽ǵȥԺҪٽЩĵطˡ
ţǬصͷ´νȥˣһҪǰ©죡
嵵ɴ۾Цõؿ
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ĻʺƷŲ裬һֱԺĵЦһ׺ɣʣµĲ͵ȥ

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һ͹ڱĴ֡ǰ¶һƬѩ׵ķ壬ͷͿԿһջԨɼһ¡
ķ־ǰؿЩӦĶȾźƵСϡ´ЩƲסˡ
վ§סǲһյСд³غᱧͻȻһŮ˽æס˻ſ
㵵رſԹ޵ؿһ۲ʶ۵ĹŮȴŮû
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ʿˮŶʲôֵûʺ޵Ǻ棬ͽÿЩˡɤʱ˻
Ů˲裬һޱȵĲ˵ǰ棬ǲеŮһͬʱ豭пȥǲˮ͸һ㣬һϲòˡ
üë΢ʣΪû棿
ŮӦղĽ˵ʺԸ˲贿ζɼ
⻰һеĲһһΡЩȲҪƷһƷˡ㣬˼֣һڣˮǻѲأС۾һ̾ò裬ζԶڸʶɬȥ񣬿ڳ㣡
˺üڣע⵽Ա۾ЦŰʣݸҲӹһڣ;ȴ˲Ȼ˵һûȹĺò裬˼ڡ
֪澴ӺδõȺò裬ʱȥҪһЩվһڰˣκǵš
ְֺ޵ؿеĲˮҲǵģƽռŻϣʱҲҪһ¡
豭촽һڣζŲˮ΢Ŀˮĵ쵽ظסһ·͹ӣת¶ƺʹı飬ֵϸüëŤˣ˫ȼнĥ漴ᶶ˺һźһ¶⣡


27 Ƴ桰ˡ
Ǭ֪ĲϵСһμ˻СҪԼԼ
ʱĵ⣬ɫЩĿ
Ϊʲô˵죬ΪʱƤǣ˵Ц⣬۾һ𾴣Ǭʱֶ˲˵ͷϱȥֹ
С³󣬿ӭܹ񣺡Ϸ̫
ȻǬһ񣺡̫ӡ
Ǭǳһ£ͷҪ˺òãԼԴƳǷ˶̫̫ȻԼ⣬ҲñֵôԵӰ
̫յʫվͻںĹݴиѧǣǻܴ˼ܷѧģǬϲ֮ɫȴӵתͷغ˵
á嵿ǬһۣЩε˵
Ǭοûʲôߵģһ壬ҵҲģҲҵģ
һ΢΢һЦ
ǿȴɫһ֪ͣС޼˽ܣ԰⻰Ǭ˵ʫ̫ҲġڿѧϽϽ˵ǶôɳܵΪ̫˳ѧӦΪ֮еԺӦģмСΪ̫ѧҵ㿪ʼḡӦö̫ѧϰ
ģ˻Ǭһ
ǣˡæͣʫȷʵǵ¿ҡ
˵̫ҪڿϷ̫ӵǧĲѧģ˺ʫ
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˶ˣŴ۾ǬȷӦ޵ʫʫÿżĿ⣬嵣̫Żض¶ĳ
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ЦǺ˵̫˵Цˣʫ̫ڴʱĹ뷿֮ż̫ӿʱѡ
Ǭ嵲һָգ˵ʫȻҪӦʱӦʱף̫ôСʫأĳΪֱֻۣĪ޻֦̫˵ȼѾ䡣̫ӿɲҪ̫Լѧҵ
Ȼ׳СʫҲǬģǱϾںûǲǣ̱һ˭ע˾˭ģˣǾǬʫˡȻָ˵͵嵵ʫ԰ˡ
ҧҧ˦ǧžǸԽԽֻٶʫҲᱻΪ͵嵵ģͻȻˣţʫҲǷˮǣʫС˵
嵻ڿͣһֱЦԡǬ˻һ嵾ˣ֮ɫܸģĪɡ
ͷ
Ǭˣתĵ̨ף̫ѾΣæȥں߶ؽ˼Ҳ仰壬Ҫ̫ѧϰӲòͬľʽͬı˼ʮ飡µͷ
ͻȻͷһ䣺£ѡͤ
ǬһץĸоͷȻͤ򲻼ˣԼ˵̫Ϊһֺ֣԰ʥƷóġˡӣѵ̫Ҫѧϰ鷨һšͤ򡷶𣿡
̫Ӷǣĳûд⡣ֻ̫ѧҵ¿ʼдӦô鿪ʼôġˣʡ
Ҫһ鷨ķΧ𣿡ǬӲ
ǡǬû취ֻ÷Ըֻ̫ġʱϧͤ򡷡һ鷨֮֮ҹʺʮ꣬ﶼղأֱǰµ֪ͤڻ£ڵ£źУؽãԲŻѧʡϷڻʺУ󱻻ʺ̫ӣ̫ѧϰĵ֮ͤף̫ϧ
áǬͷ˵ѾͷӶˣͤ򡷿ǹ᲻֪Ҫúñ⻹˵
ĳġһšͤ򡷣¿佱ҵϣġ̫ӳѧҲã硭ġ
Ǭһ֣ܾҪܵʥϢ𣿡ĺö³ȥĵ
ˡ
˵䣬Ѿѧϰ鷿𾴵ȻһǧģǬʵ¿ɻᱳˣ


28 ᱳС
У
ǬãȻؿ˿Ŀٻعͷ嵣۾Щţʱεػ
ǸǬӲûвҵ
ߣһڣΪһѧӣӦöѧ֪ʶϧϧκ󷴸жѧѧˣ¿κдʱ䣬̫кæΪûʱһ⼸ֵĿģ㡭
ǬæͷƲˣ
ȷʵûǧģ¿κȥʺ緹£ͽ˵ų裬춼ˣžǴϻҪʾǬʱ䶼ûС
˵˰죬ǬȻ嵵ӣû̫ӣĪȺȱ裡
Ǭ̧ͷ嵶һ豭ǸվڿԱߡˣеĴĺ̫Ը˲ܳϻųϿ֣һ߾ϲؽӹһ˵л̫Ϸ̫Ͳ裡²̫ĵĳʦ̫ѧѧ֮ģĳȻҪ֮֮Ϊʦ̫Ҫ
ǡΪѵؿǬһۣЪЪȺȱɣ
ƲôãѾûжٴˣͷͬ嵵飬ţһٺ˿ڣ¶ǣһ̾ò裬ò裡
ϲϲǵصТģ
Ƥһ壬ΪѵؿŲ豭л֮
Т裡æ˵ѧʦТ
̹Ȼֺһڣһ
嵳ȴΪ裬صطԸųȥģֻų̫һֱãҲŵ˵µʱ䣬ʶδҵĪҪ˵ˡ
Ƥչˣûɿڵ˼
´ϻ۲ӸЩʱ䣬źܱܿС˵
šһͷǵ㱳Уһʱٻ˵Ų豭ҪԼȥƷˡ
Ǭ͵գһ۾Ҫ߳ȥĿãһʱ͹ˡ
ЩػǬһۡǹԼȲʱ䡣
ߺæȥǬǬģһʱʮӣ԰Ѽֵ¶߱飬һ˵㹻ˡ

Ǭҵʱ̫ǵһйص顣
λɫٷˣһݵķ䣬һ񣬳һ촽ĺӴһɽӣƽ͵ķȣı壬Եò飬Īκͷòͬݵģͬźӣһȴһůһĸо
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˵ǬǱߣǬʱܸˣ˵һʱ䱳Сǧġļ֣е˵󻰵ĳɷڵġһ󣬾ȻѾǵ߰˰ˣٶ飬Ѿܱˣģ֣
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⻰Ǭе㾪ˣʶ֣ﻹǸ갡ҲǸңʶ֣еţʮͺϽսˣͯɰѸղԼӱ۸ƷˣԼиǧġǰ̫λͯǾǸˣ


29 һνּ
Ǭ˼һܸӵ⡣
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һСԴߵǬĻ꣬װǬһЦᱧ϶ȥ
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32 ¬ʲô
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çһԶҪ̫񣡡
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Ǭ뵽ˣиκնţˣ
Ǭڻʱ򣬱ͻȻһʨӺ𣺡


34 ֡
һʨӺ𣬰ǬĶˡæס䣬Ĥͣ
ڿˮս˫ҲһʨӺͣˡ
ԱϿǬһӱʵˣ˹ع񣺡ĳ
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̫ӣλλԿТܻСüɻǬ
Ƴ˧ƳľԭǬ˫ð⣬ż񰡣żǸåҹһ㣡
ҹھүס󣬶Ըղż˼ţʾ
֪ڣһ뷢ǿ˳
Ǭ͵һ΢΢٣ֲؿž٣֮֮һıʱһ뷢޷Զһεϱ֮֮ǣǬߵ̫౻ҡΣ־ղŴˮսţһЩͷӱ۷ףιȥҹҲ
̫ӣ֮ᷢǬһʣ֪˼䷢£
ö񡣡ǬԺǾ񰡣Ҫˡ
ŵһ˫ӥһУ̧ͷҹ档
ҹӴһȻҹ
֪ڹ˵
ߵһ˵ȥˡ
ТĪһ飬ɢ˰ɡԱǺܸТӣһ֣͸ɢǰ̫ȥ
Т˿ΧʿߵǬǰ棬̫ӣɢ˰ɡ
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ĳԿ̫ӵ£ʱһϳƳͷ񣬡֪ղŴ˼䷢£
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Ŷ룬Ǭʵ̫ܷȥ˵һ˵
ʵǬ鼤ؿŷ䣬Ƴţ˰ıŶϣ䣡
ıŶеĶѾƨˣԡıŶϡʣôһ˶ˣܼİ
䣺̫ӣ
ղ¬ײǣȻ˭˵¬֪֪ûУʧδʶʲô˵ǶȻˣߣҪˣκͷˣۣȻǾˡǬ޹˵
ʲôǶǳ˳飬תͷТһۡТʱ֪ҹΪʲôôˣǬ˵ĸһ벻װ
̫ܾˣѺ˵֪³çײ̫ӣʧԶʱڱǰһĳҲΪ֤ñ֪ڣΪ̫ӳ
ֵʵȥǬǵСϷù
ǬˣֵҺ¬ֻǵᣬ鷳Ϊҹ͵ĸʣ
˵󣬷ЦˣǬһ񣺡л̫ӡ
ˣ鱻ͷˣˣͷǵģһ仰ͰѾָˣ
ߵͳҹԱߣ˵ʲô˵ı鿴Ƿȳ˳ҹ漸䣬ѳҹ˵øˣȻֿ˼䣬ͳҹһл
󣬷ֵκͿӱ˵˼䣬ͷ˵ˡ
ТǬļ򣬵ò̫ǰ֣˭ҲԲùӡ
ðɡǬλүĺøԽԽ࣬Ȼչο
ɺˣТѹװǰ˰ɣ
Ҫ̫ҽҾҺúõģ˵ҵʧ֢Ǿ¡Ǭν˵
ʧ֢̫ҽǰģ̫ҽȥ
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͵￴Ĳһôӣһ˰ٹ¹ûط


35 ʮ塿
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̫Ҳ棬ﲻܽġ
ȻǬ֪ƳĳᣬʵۺͰٹǡ۵ƳչγȡΪվϳҪ¹򣬵峯ߵȫūϵĶŶǬԼʷС׵Ժ֪֮Զ۾ʵκλɺ
Ǭº۾ҿѾвٹԱԼĹְԺˣǰŵĶǴɫٷģ̨εĺɫͷβ͡ĹԱĳɫԽݱ仯ֱ糣ǳ糣̡еߵĹԱͷӶеĴӴһӣؿҲǬ֪ԭӻԵİװļá
һ£ǬعͷТıϵˡǬЦŴкǬԿ
Тϴº͵΢Ц̫ӡǰ̫Ӷǳƺĳ
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Ǭ̧ͷ˿һۣȻ˵ҰһǿҰ
ſ౾Խ˵ԽǬЩˣѱŵãʲôһһ˵˵ģ߲Ϊûб˿µģˣ˵ƿΪԾĹԱϾÿ
˵ô࣬ЩԱԽ۾ԽӥĿž⣬ȿһ˵꣬ʵѱ˵˾һۣ
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Ǭ˵صͷ
˿ıӺ͵ص˵ͷǬʵǬ㷢ģ


36 ơ
ǣʡǬվӦʧ֮󣬽ĵϾ䣬㻭Щ㣬ֹȻʵãƼˡ
ȷʵáͬ˵ǬʮƥƼйͿʮƥ
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б࣡
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ƣ֮ЧǰʺΣͣΪ֮ʣ̫ӵһڻʺĿڣ鷢ˣʺĿڿʼˣָˣǴӻѹ̫ҽҹ䱸¼̫һƾ˻ʺ󣬺󣬳̫ӣģʵ飬õ֮ƣ̫Ϊơоƿڳ֮ˣԺ֮Ч°ѴƼƹ㡣
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߲㶼ȫղܵģʹоϵѹǿǧĻԽ˵Խѣǰѻ˵ˡ
ķӦҲǷǳһʹվǿģղܵĻʵܵ˵Ŀʵ
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ТǬСʣ̫ӣ棿
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ʵǬˣ۱Сϻϵƨȡģʱȡʱ뵽۱ʣ͸ȡ׵ˡ
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ãǬֻøһƨ
ˬվǰǺɵЦ˼󣬲ðٹ£˵Ǭ˷ойͳǬʮʮƥͲ̫ҽʮʮƥ
ʹͺǰıһ롣ĿУŵĹͣҪȷһҪ߳డղܵľֻʮʮƥղŵʹͿʮƥ⻹һĸլɲֹ
Ȼʺļ£ǹ£ʹͷЩؼµ˽ΪˡǬϲԱҲҳ
ʡǬֳ͹ԱΪҪƵȴ˵ΪС빦ģʵʱĸһƣ̫ҽǼ¼ƣΪҲһݹͣʹҲӦһݡ
ղܵĸͣر£ȷд£ǳˣ
ͷţйܲͣǹŮʲô֣
С¡Ǭѿ˵˵ȥ󣬺ֻռӸСŬ֣ɾ벻Ϊѵؿ˿Ŵ𰸵عͷձȡ
ձΪѵҡҡͷûסǴûʹСֽʲô
Բʮʮƥ乬⸸ĸĶ
ǬˣȻС͵ıȲձ٣ĸĶҲܲˡ
ԴԲǬû뵽һ»Ǻйء
΢б࡭һվ˵



37 ˹ͷˡ
кҪࣿʡ
̫ǰΪʺɸӣͽ䱻ʺܾ˴λʺתΣΪ̫Тĸжء´£ԾȻʺ󡣡˵
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ӣԥ˵ʺһֱͬ⣬ֻ¡֮ǰѾپʮΪʺ˶޼
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صǴ֮ˣ˱ǰ˳ȥǽӲȶأΣᣬԶ˵ⲻǻ¶ȱ£ĸӢӦþǿ㣬Ų֮ͬǰ⡣Ǭæƨ
ΪӺĻˣǰ̫ĳ⣬ԱǴ󲿷ֶͬ⣬ͬˡʱ˵ԵǴæƨϺÿˣҲͲΪǬˡ
齣ź뿼ǬĻ
Ϊ̫ƣվͬǬĻ
ԱҲڷβͳͬǬǬ΢΢ֱϿɵĸо治
ڶԱ̬Ⱥ󣬵ͷãǬ˼ͽ
Ǭ˵ʣͬʱΪ޷һ£Ǯõȥû󣬹ҲԶ롭˵ͻȻоһɺ紵Ĳӣ˸
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ʶ˲ĻȻ˵ǾͿɤˣεط
ʲôҧźʡ
û롭
ӥһɡ
ǬָĿڣ롭
ˡĹԱҲʼһЩɧ
롭롭
ҹЦܶӣٺ١
ǬоƵĲԣһҧ˵ĸߣ֪ĸǸĵʴȣĻյĴˣİܿһ۵ģ޷ЩסźҲҵ޵Ҳûãȣĸһָ֧ʰǮõϣðǶȹ֣
һѻ˵Ÿ̧ͷ峺۾˵ţȥĸ󡣡


38 С
ɫֺ졣
СӾȻơΪʺ飬ŻʺģԻʺȻԸЩȥȻǲͬˡʱҲʻʺĺʱʺøãǿɾͻˡ
ʺСر۰СϣʺԥվڻСǱߣԼȥҲǲɹġ
ȻһжֻǴӸ濼ѣȻȥѯʻʺɵ顣
ͽͬ鲻ʻʺֲܶСӺ͵Űٹٵ˵ùʻʺǾЩʺˡ
ӥĿװȵǬһã¡ѯʻʺ֮顣ô˵˽ҪҪǾˣ˭ĵף
ãǬһ
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ǬΪݽ岢ʲôһԻ
ЩԱվ̫ϣΰĻʵۣй䣬븱ϯʲôʲôٵġЩǰԱûݽ壬һʱˣ˼άŶô죿ѵһҴ¾ΪԱſǶ
ݽͲһˣٽţŸֱ˼άаɣ
ǬûԽǰһЩ곰Ц٣ع٣гȽҪӣҪǣԱԱҲţѵԱξͺܺÿǾ͸𣿹Աݽ岻˵Աܣֻ鷢չ˳ѣǵČ˿ͳ
ԶˣǬһ죬ˣ
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ԱһֻǬļǬͷТǬЦҡҡͷʾҪ嶯
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Ǭ⺢Ӿ̫Тˣҽˣʺתͷ˼˵ҽҰѰɣ
ʺֶ˵Сȥܵ
ȥˣǬŻعζ˼ҽʷģϾİˣǹҽû취ȫŵùղܵԱߣһЩ
˼һ㣬ǰȥڴǰʺһղܵˣҽڸʺҲûһԼķ뱻˼´Ǭ˹
˺һ˼ɿˣתͷղܵʵλ̫ҽɣϷ뿴һʺĲ־ɷ񣿡


44 ɱӺ
ǵȻղܵĴӦ˼
ʺĲ־ȻǲҲлʺ˽棬һ㲻˿ղܵûʺ󣬻ʺЦؿǬǬûô˼ɣͷ
ղܵĶ˼˵
ǬҲһȥΣС衣
ң̫ҽֵǼ䷿䣬ֵ̫ҽվȻֵؿ˿һһСİˣղܵĸܣλ̫Ӵҽλ˾ҽλǸҽ
˾ҽҽ̫ҽĵȼͬ
λ̫ҽ
񡣡˾ҽ۾ʾһ¸ҽҽЦҽһҽ߳ĳʳ½Ż¡ķᣬ֪δһ
˼һ棺θ麮֢Ӧﶬ˾潪ʩθѨǰͷѨпѨ
˵󣬿˼̫ҽЦĳ۸̫ҽθļ̴ƽʱһܶؼӿ죬ۺͷΡ˲ӦǴ̥أʤ顭
ҽȵõɴ۾棬ͻȻü٣һֻסؿڡղܵĺ̫ҽҲЩ̡
˼㻹˵ˣ˲޾ӣĳһס飡
ʲôҽʡ
˼Ц
ҽЩΣΪͷĳԲסҽˡ
Ǻǡ˼ˣ˷Ҹģһϸҽ˵Сⲡʮ£ȴˣϸ֪֮ԺбһôѼ˳֮ݲ裬ˣѼˣͶˡϸ߼ѼݵĲ裬Ȼת̫ҽһԡ
лҽҽм
˾ҽЩڡ
˼ɷǵغǺһЦ
аŮװʦɱ˸̫ҽ¶ϲúͳ֮ɫ
һϷǬˣ˵̫ҽؼȥɣٽˡ
ҽɫЩڣ˿˾ҽ˾ҽװҽҧҧǬ˵ŵ
ǬûͬҪ˾ҽǹʹǾҪýʧܺ׼
̫ҽǶŴų⣬Ҫά̫ҽǵ棬Ǭܡ˼Ǭģ˾ҽǲ̫ӣǬûˡҳŴҪʺβģЩ̫ҽбµĻôûκûʺ˵ıûıµǾɱӺ˭κλʺ飬Ǿɱ˭
Ҳɱ˾ҽǿǵڻʺֵôãԻʺķǳϤԽľаˡ
£ձΪ˾ҽ£ٵ˾ҽְ˾ҽΪҽղܵվ˵
ǬһƽĲձѾйӲŵɡǬ˵㿴ŰɣһҪһ¡
ΪҽҪκò˵壬Ҫչ˲˵ˣ̬Ҳˣڲĺתղǰͺ˵Ҫ־Ӱ쵽ģӦЦע⣬һҪЦ˵ǳˣɫԺҲҪֶԣܸغҪ־ҲҪ˵ԺһҪע⣡
˼Ǭ⻰˼״ղܵĺָ߶λ̫ҽҲ¶˼֮ɫ
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ղܵĸͷ´ԴƣҽߣβΪΪһҽ޲ߣڲףĲ
ҽϲﳼ۲ʺգջʺɫǳãһֱףһԣ׹ˣ⣬̫ӳʺߵĹͰ
ǬǺһЦһ䳣ʶĻõЩרҵҽǵ̲סˡҸղ˼ҽɱ̫ҽ˼ΪǬ۷ֲָˣǳ˸ֵĸоʵ̫ˬˣǬЩƮƮȻģ
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Һ㣡аŮװҧ˵
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СƨԼģҲ˵ùǹƨ£
ιˣ
˵ͨ
Һ㡭
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˼ͻȻһ
Χһ֪Ų־ᶶĿӲ־뿪̫ҽ


45 ʺ顿
ôǬʡ
дģ˼ָŲ־ʵ
Ǭһۣ
β
ʺõǸƲôдˣȺ̫ҽĲףƲ˰ɣ
ǬͶĻĿ⣬˾ҽæͣʺò飬ǰͻ̫ȾʣһʱģβΣڲ־д
˼˵ͷͬ˵ȷǴ
ˣ֢һֱβãȻ˵úס飬ʵź壬ܱĵڶĹˣԽԽˣ˸ëҲۺ֢һأŵһ˹ȥ̫ҽڲ־д
Ǭ֪ǣʷسʺƳ֤˳ʺҪĲǸƲʷϵֻĶѡ˵ʺΪһȫŴǬЦˣʺѵŴԲ
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֮ܣǾ֮ܵ˼ԡׯӡˮڻûо֮ʣⲻװӡ
⻰ղ̫ܵҽǬǬæֿϡ
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ĳĴͬУСС䣬շ̫Ӹ壡˼˵úܳϿң
ϴСָ£Ǭ֡
ѽ԰һ㣬ʲô¶С֡±˲֪а
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˵
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С˼شú侲Ϸ³¸ͷ̥̥Уоͻ۾󣬷һȡӤİ취ϷϾȻص¸Ѿϰˣ
ڴţʲô¸
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ձ˵£ͨĺͼѹԻʺ˺Сֻǲ֪ǹʲôģ


46 ߡ
ĵ⴩Ǭ˵ϣǱºںڵӰӡ
ͼһġǬͷ˵ǿҩʳҪظܣڿܽͦȥ
ŵղܵӦ
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ŵ
£򻭺ͼˣһ̫˵
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˼еͼֽ˿
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ܰʾ˵˵ӾͼƬʾäߡ
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ӻʼϯҽɸһŴ֣ûһԹ֮⣬ҪôǾҳĻˣҪôĻ̫ˡղܵľԲûĻˣǬ϶һǸĻ޵׶ˣ
ˣ
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⣬һɧ˵ܴ˵һȴʮ˵ڶ֡
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ʵԲӣⲻǶ̩ô
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Ǹʲô
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һ䣺᲻ᣬĸϲأ̫ĪҪᡣ
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ڼǬʧ䡣⻰ΪԼ˱۷۵촽˶󲻸ʵһС죬ûв졣ʺˣʫĲ״׵ֶһ¡
֮Ǭ̩ĻȻĶһ㲻ûУ㲻ϹϹӣĻ𣿲ᣬǬûʧ䣬̩Цʧ䣬ЩЦ̩øǴԽģ̼Щ΢΢ԽУ
ʺЦ̧ͷϵʫݳȥǬ̩ʫдòӦÿ
Ǭʺ󣬾ͼСر꣡ǶһʣôܳݴˣǬҲ֣Ǿʱܺꡣ
跢ܲôǬӹһ𣬱⡰ʥĸ֣һУУܻһʫ߶ȵĸס
ӺĲɣֻʫôȱʲôǬššüëͻȻˣŷʫǻ̫ˣǰСѧ֪һдĸףҪɻƺӣȪˮӾȻᣡ


47 ʫ̫
ܹܵȻĲɷǷǬ޵
̩һ⡣
Сѧˮƽ磬иƨĵ⡣Ǭʫ裬۾һۣ۾âúܣƺһϬĳǬ۾˵֣
ðɣ
СơǬջʫЦԹص˵ǰױ̨ϼһʫҲĸ׵ģʸ񿴿
ңһ
ǰǹʫ֪ʲôʱģţҿˣǬ˵
ʺŶСʲôʫóǬôǬ
̩һͣ칬дԣ̫䣬һ׳Сİкãڲ۾̫
һתǬ
ǬһЦСʫСʫ
ؿһۣػӶ֮ƣ嵺Ĭر졣öٴ鲢ïУ
˫࣬ơ䣬һ
ҹʳΡ治ײƿޱڡ
צ֣֪ƣʮֳ̿м
ľգĸݳʡ૽һһˢë¡
һɣ֦ͥٳ᲻عˣɢɡ
ۿ顣ȴճҹ
𱯣˼˼Ϊգ߷ɱĸʱ
ʱĸնӦ֪
ǬѰ׾׵ġʫʾš꣬лǰ裬ΪԽǰãոգڴʱǬʫġӵ赱ʱʮ꣬ǬѰ׾׵ʫĶĳʮոĳաڱָˣľաʺľʮ꣡
һʱ˼״ʺ¶ҸĺΣѡʫͷϸһ顣
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һǬ̩ӡ
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ôϸڣʺǬССġߡֶΡĴȰۿǬ
̫ӣʫ˵ĸȴ˵ĸǰ˼ĸТʫһûõʫɫ˵㣬иˣ
ʺЦϵҸȴ˭ó
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Ǭϲڷһ֪ˣȻ׳˵㣡
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𣡡
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ȡǬһɣҽûأȥ
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⻰ǬᣬԷʳ޹޴дĶ˵İ׳գǬֱЩĻʺ
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С̧ȻһЦ̫ӣǺˣ
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ôǬؿһۣˣžʫôҾ͸ˣʲô߼
ҿɲдʫ͵ܵϲҾ䣡ǬУĸװϵķˣ㵽ĳеķˣֻ㵽Ļ
ðɣл̣лǡ


48 ̩
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ӴӺôĿȻ˹ģ
ϲϲһäӣ
Ǭӹ嵶Ĳ裬һ˴뱭̩˵˹ĵĳ嶯Ȼ˵û˵ʫ˵˵䣬ֻҪϲϲ㿴ͷˡСϲô
ϲ¾£飡Ц
ǬƵضбһۣ㿴ݵĴʫ˶Ͽˣ㻹˵ʲô
ӽʬˣ
׺ɣҲдʺԸСʵǬʱ¼дˣʱæøʺ
ʺˣ΢΢Цһֱûɢȥ
ֵЦ⣬Ǭ㱾ú￴Ŷˣɯ滭ǸǣҪҪÿĶ࣡
ʣĵĶ쵰ɱľǡ
ƵĹֵʮĻʺǹĸ³ʣׯд׺͡ûȡ
ʱϵЦֻҸκһ֪Цܼ򵥵ЦǸӵǣõ˿Ц鲻õ˿ѹЦЦЦЦôӸ
Ǭˣǰȥģ㻹ЦôҸİ㰡
ǬϾǻʺ󣬲֪뷨ȻԸ⿴භǰһκͳ˵ʱѾֳġڿܵԼǰʼȻҸǿ̩ƺǬȻƵ˳˿󣬾Ҫʫͻ
ʺ󿴵Ǭһ̣СƨӵΪһ㣬ֵʺ֣ǬԽУ֪֪˴ĺǰһˣ֪ŵܵܡָŵܵܵڹＫУʺʱˡ
˵ǬԽУʺ뵽˴ͳС꣬ǬԽСҲǻʺ̩̫ŶҲǻʺǬθڣҪһʫһԼθڣһǬƨʫԻʺǬһ
ǬȻҲ˻ʺģǬķʽûʺ⡣ǿƵվȻ󶪳ʫ̩Ǽٽ̫ͷȻʺ֪ǬڿӱܹԺʫͷϵ顣
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ǣһɩһŮӣдʫһҹ㣬ţĺңдŰͷĸҪ䵱·ףռҡָ̩ĵط
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Ǭϳĳ嶯˵ʲô£ɩϲӶ
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Ŷ̩ӦһȥСʫˡ
ʱȻʲôô֣


49 ˵Ŀ⡿
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˸оȤֵŶõľʫôʿ
𡭡̩ѹ󣬡Ҫȥжʿûֶһ
˵ˣæһȥˡ
ϲѧ̫飬ȤǬͻȻЩȤˣ
ЩΣԲʫİǵĵط˰
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ţлعӹСµݹʫ˼ۣ޵ãһʫ
嵣ʫˡٻһöȡһ壬ݸ嵡
ӴϵĶ治ٰһþˣ
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С£ʵǹŮϣ
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͵صһͷ۾ЩؿС¡СЩ£ͷźܵ͡
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51 Ըˡ
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52 ޼ɡ
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54 ҽ㡿
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55 ͻʺ̸ġ
ҽ㰴ĵطڽ棬·ʱҪӴ淢
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ԽԽһͷ
С棬·ʱһͻۣһ۾սţ·ȻλãѨ˵˴ѨԾҧʵˣҲһȳӣҽ㽲
˵Ǭ⼸·һģһʱǶҽ߿˼֡
ʱ̧ͷĺ۾һ˿˵֪ʲôдѨô
Ǭҡͷ
ѨѨҲһֱС˺ʱվˣͻϡӡҽ˵ؿ嵣ֻҵ̫㣬Ҫػˡ
ѨȻģǰȥϴϴʱ򣬾MM˵ŵ׵ĸѨλȫĸ٣ҽ˵ǬšôŲ֪ʲôС˹⺦ǬôҲӦǹġҲ̫ݶˣ
ҽЦؿǬҪϺµı顣
ǬɫЩ԰׵嵵С֣̫ģȻҽ㣬˵θˣȻҽҽ˵ô࣬һа취κҶ԰ɡ˵ɣ
ҽûпҪĺϷûеõ㣬ܲðʳǬһۣ˵ܼ򵥣ֻҪĶóˣ
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ŶǬûʺλ֣Ҳ׼˼룬ǺˣǺø磬ÿ϶̬˵ûǰǶԵģȴ˵ڰԼ뷨ͺãǬҪȥ顣
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ǳҵĻʺ˵ʱȴƺǾ˾˵ĳңǬоʺ񲻰Լɳһ㡣Ҳеףһ仰м޼漦޹湷ôŴŮ˼޹ҪķգҵĹϵӼ˱ݣϵȻǿǷң⣡
ȻӦǬַ⽨뷨
˻ʺĻ˻ʺҾ˾˵ԭˡԽ鷳Ҳ鷳
ʺ˵ޣ䲻⣬ôҲ᲻᲻⣿
ţˡǬͷ
ʺؿ˿Ǭʵӣǲʲô飬鲢ѡ


56 ˧һö
Ǭ̫ˣʺʱŪǬϵıԸղžͿǬ˲ĵ顣
ȻǬоڶգ۾ʾⲻҪ˵Ǭиħħѻʺ嵵ǬΨһεˣħǲزס飬ħǿǬͿƲס˵˳
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Σʺ۾ŻعغǬ۾ӣһסǬ֣ᶨ˵ĺӣﵱȻܵ˺Ҫ㣬Ҫôô֧㣬ҲŹǸ˺ˣ
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ʺûдɳʵףΪǬ̹һе˼ίĸף˵һ˵һЩȴ˵ǬܸжܸܵʺĺǻȻְʺǺñȻʺ۾ˣźһȥˡ
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磬㲻֪һµô
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Ǭ㡳һԣԱߣСϻСϻһǬһǴáԵҽǬԱߡ
һһӣshiֳܿ˵ǰ˳Сϻһοʼ㡽淨ҽŲӣܿˡ
˻սңΧΧ۵ĹСŮǺܿطֳɣǸսʵӵһǽͷݣ鲻רһܸղŰΣһȥСϻˡ
̧ͷѿ˵ǣ˵岻ﰡǶˣ
һȺСŮһЦССЦû֦ҲȻһָ˵磬岻Χ壬壡


57 żˣ
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СϻŰΣΪڶʤߡ
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58 Ǹ⡿
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59 Ƴơ
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60 ǿ̫ҽ
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69 ʺ硿
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ţһӾͿ԰˵ץסȻǣ¥Ȼ󼷳Է
ЩŨױĨϴųµЦÿһǰ֡
Դӽ֣Ǭͼ϶龰ˣѵ˴Ƶĺ
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ǬͷһۣĹȥҿɲˣ
ͽ˧һŵı顣
ܰȤĶɲҼģǬЩɸ֡

ˡ
Ŷ˧һͷģȥȻЩ֮أһ´絽˾֪ˣ
˵ôģǬһͷȻͽܵ§һŮҪ
ͣǬţһŮɫһ·е߲ˣܵҲе߲ȣеվֱã
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Ů߹Ư򸣣֮¶һƬѩףεεػλ룡
˧§һãЦغŮ˵ѩĹ壬ôʶˣϹأȥ
ǣӣҲ֪СϴһȸߵŮǴѩĹ壬ЦӦ
Ǭں濴ΪܾӵĵܵܣȻԺô·ҡͷʧ
һʱ䣬ʧȥһõܵȴһ־ͬϵѵ鸴ӵطӦǬؿ̫ĵۣ
˧ͷǬЦ룡
Ǭһ㶣ң
˧ҲˣǬ֣ôԼֶ֪漴Ǭʧ飬ֻýְܴɵ㶵״̬ˡимǡʹȻ˧֪ʹʣʱֵʹĸо
ԣֽиԳΪ֣˧͵
Ǭ𣬺嵺˵ˡ
˧ǲ뱩¶ݣûٽԼ磬ƽѼĳƺ
ڹŴ֣һǸǽеģһ֣ӳ󣬾֣ƽС˽еġһֺӸ֣˧ڽ֡
Ŷˡһ룡ǬЦ
Ǭϣһ˺ԺһĨ˺ܶ۵Ц߹˵件ӭĻ˧ˣȻڴѩĹĴ£һԺӣһſڹšӵķ䡣
Ƕ档
˧§һŮ߽ȥǬŽȥ
ӣʮظ¶Ƭѩ׵ŮӡӶһžϷžƲˣһһԵûʵ߸һŮӣιʳᱡεεЦʱ
Ǭ˧һӶվǺǵع񣺡Ϊֿ˰Ц־ͬϵЦ
˧ֺǺǺкȻǬܵλǸ֣


73 ǰϷ
̫˾
˧ǬʱǼӶĿ䵽ǬϡȺӦǴƸ߲ӵܣҲǴͳĸ߼ٶ̫ӵǶ̫ӵȻʶһǬϳˡ
˧ֹǸðʧ̫ˣԭʶ
ǸǺȻЦǣ
֣û뵽Ҳͬ˰ʱվһˣЦк
֣һ£λǾҵ֣λ֣λǡ˧һһЩ˽ܸǬ
Ǭһ͵һͷȻһ񣬺һĳĳ֡
ʵһҲʶһҲǲס
˧ϾǬˣһ֪粻״̬æ˵
롣˧ơ
Ǭ⼸Ȼӭı飬Ҳǻ΢΢оЩԡ˧ܵܵĴͷ£ǬǸŽȥ
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˧ҲƯŮȥ˧һ˭ڼҴһأ
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ʱ߽˼ŮӣŸã٣ߵмĲ̺򼸸ȾƱС椵󣬾ڲ̺ϣ
˧ýζǬȴЩϰߣǰôִִ֣֣е㲻Ӧ
ĪϷһˣ˧̽ͷ˵
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Ǭеӡ󣬵ӡͲ̫˧һܣҵ˸ӡ˧ܵʶ;쵽һ𣬵Ҳ
λӣ찲˧ָŸղŵðʧ˵
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˧ٺһЦ֮£ҲܣȻôأ
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٣磬֮⳯ϵǳϵģҶǾѡ˧ѵ
Ǭͷͳҹûĳ𣬾гҲ㡣
˧ֽˣǹٶܵβֹͣˣȻŮ˺һЩʱŲʴŮЩ¶мĲ̺Ȼ裬ŤᱩһջĶ
裡
ٶǷ˷ܵĽк
ǬǵıַǳӣһС·𣬲¶һС𣬲գ𣬾Ȼ˷ܳǺȺǻѪˣ
ѵ˧ܵ˵ĺϷҲ̫ʧ˰ɣ
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תͷһѾ˧ȻԺԺļˣؿԶ
Ҳ࣬ÿ˶§һǻŮ̼֡ҴӸһ֡
̫˰
ǬԽеҡͷ
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⻰һ޵Ͽɣ׷׺ϴϷ
˧˻֣ŮŮһ˳ȥʱſ߽һһŮŮĴųȹʣеֻģ̿㡣
еĴŵƳûǱõġ
еĺص㣬ͷġ
űˣŮӺ͹ͷ
ǴϷ


74 ֳ鶯Ƭ
Ů͹ͷ§һŮ衣
ͷеĶܼ򵥣վм䲻ֱֻһ䣬ŵļ͹ֱϵĶżͷʲôҲֻ͵ļᣡ
ŮˮŹͷ赸շת࣬ʴʱͬյĹͷеСڹͷеĹĹļϻ
Ҳ֪Ůôͷп½ģֻڹͷбһͷеıľ͵ϣһףľͷˣͷ¶˹Ĺĵؼмһ۵ĵ̣˸оа
ǬоʱԺŮ˵ĺü٣һӴո˷ܵĺΣСһһģظżٵĺһһ۾ȵĹâؿŹͷС
ǬԿ϶һڿͷе䣬С
Ůƨ
˧Աߵһãģһͷװߣʱʱ͵һۣÿһۣͺһΣСҲ֪ȹʲôж
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ȥÿޣÿ޶ÿ޶ˡ
Ů˽һȦ󣬽˫ְŮĶǶһץȻеһǶҲ˺飬ɵˡ
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˧ԾԾԣǬк磬
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ߵŮˣҲվȥΧǶŮ
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ŮĻܶ࣬ϺƳǬǰձ鶯Ƭ￴ĶﶼС̲סҪһձ˵ƣйͬпһǧ갡
ˣĻҲֻձ˲ȥйֻҪԼˡ
ʮӺŮˣݽˣ
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ӣ룡ǬԱߵŮӽεεػ


75 򾮸֡
һҰ㣡
Ǭӵ̫ţںԺЩɫϵȵķŮֵۡ
ǬҪܾʱǸĵܵͻȻķ̽ͷ֣Ҫһ㣬Ҫ˰
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Ůһ㶣ȻһۣüĿЦˣλǵһֵطˣǸԼ˳ġ
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Ǭ⻰ϲһЦ
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ֹһＸ޵ôô
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Ů˵ҪӲˣġ
Ǭ룬ôˣҲǲǰ˰ɡǾͲھˣıһĴָķŮ˷ۺľջһȥ


ŮͻȻɴ۾ֱ˲ӣ
ЧﵽˣǬָ˳Ů˽۾һգ˹ȥ
Ǭ˿ϵҺ壬ûҲǵһɧ
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˧ڵޣȫΧǬſڣ۾ɢſȵĿǬ
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76 ̡
ֵҲҪȥˣɢˣһذɣ˧˵
ӦȻһ˳ȥ
˧ǬΣһμεͬùŹֵĿ⿴ǬǬĿⶼľˣǡ
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ǬҲʶһʣҪɢעû뵽ŵĿռͬţ˵һҪϢǬûȥȺ˵Ļź˷һȥûߵˣ˵ĵѹֱ̹

һײǶһ˵ĵİ
Ǭ˴ӹʱڳϵϵǸǱڵĺᵶΪƷӶûй黹ĺᵶúᵶ˺һ󣬾˳ź˵ĵ֡
ϵ˺˵СָǬС˳ź˵СָнУСָһֵƱǬи
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ƨѵû۾𣿡Ǭ˵Ϊʲộҿ̫Ӱ˭ҲϵӣҪң
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Ǭϵ͵Ϯĺ˵Ķ䣬ļ
еת˸û˶ĺ˵ĲӸĨˣ


77 Ѫ
˸ڸֽػǬΧ
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򶷵ĳ治ǬеָֹôƵȥвСһһѪÿ˶ѾҲˡ
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·ģ˴ִפزԶִܿͻǰ֧Ԯ˵
Ǭִ֪ʲôҪʣͻȻǬһƣ£
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̶ֻ¼һ֧Ҫ㶼ûˡֻҪɵôµ־ͿɵǬˡ
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86 
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88 ̫ճ
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ƣǬʵʲôҲֻ֪ͷжĳʶǿ˺ȾƳºģûʶΪͷжΪƾߡʵǲܿ϶ظ𰸡ƾײŪˣξƺ󣬾ƾĴȸˣͿˡ
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ܣȻƳֻҪдǰڳˣ
ǬǲܣҪ˼Ȼ˲ưҪ˵
Ӿ˾˻Ǭһ䣬£̫ҽԺҲȡֻ֮ǻֻ̫࣬Ҫ޸޸ģУ
ӾʲôǬ۽ƳһۡӸûǬ˼
˵ţʱҲˣ˳顣˳ɣָ䣬ɣïԼТ£
˳
Ǭ˿ֿ˿κͷƲЩãʣأ
Ҫѧˣȥɣ˵
Ȼ߿Ǭ


100 
Ǭʱ۽ǵļһһġ
ʲô˼ҽԺĿģҪô԰߿أ
ʱϾֻǬһܲضǬߺߵ㻹˼˵ǿӣֻﷴỵ£
̫ӵ£ĪҪżϷһ˵׼ģκͷߵǬߣ˵
⻰ǬһůκͷȻһλˣϻأΰ
ָжεǬͬʱҲ֣κͷеƫԼһϳʱҹ۸Ǭȥͳҹ泳ܣղҲһֱ֧ǬҽԺĿƲֻµһҪӾ˾˳һϵе飬˭ܿóκͷӵǬǬˣκͷǳʲôĿİ
ǬǱĿ⣬Ǹİɣ
κͷ֪ǬǿԴʲô飬Ȼó˵̫ԺʲôҪ࣬ϷȶϷԸָ̫һ˵¾дúܡţǸ
ֺݴʣԿڡ
˵ȻǬ̫ףǬ󷽵˵
κͷһۣܲײࡣ
Ǭˡ
漴뵽ȻȥдҲдˮ׼дĲǣ䲻ײ͹ˡ
̫ذɣ飬ͽϷˣκͷ˵ȥҷ˵һ˵һ֧㣡
ûǬﵱȻʣκοһȰȥˡ
̫ǬȻССزˬһ£ﻹǹҽԺʽ
һ̫㳡ʵĿ۾޽ǰһǰһĹнж߹Ӧǻˡ
Ǭ۾ع񣬶ؿһӽǰ߹
ţȻǰ찲ǰıŵô룬Ҳͳһǽһߴ䣬ʮгһ߹ȥǺġ
Ǭ۾ʮӰãǿҪתʱһһģ뵽ˣ
ȥȻضǬߵ̫˵
⼸嶼סԺˡסҩˣǬߵֶûˣܲϰߣ̫ʱǬεġ
̫๧Ӧ
ȥ˻ʺǬת˶Ȼ̫˵Щ
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ǬһЩ̫ˡ㣬ҪһٸϣҪô죿
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̫ȥˣһһ׵Ľ˽Ǭ񣺡ĩʯ̫ӵ£
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Ǹ̫ںʯ󣬾ЩſȥǬ˵ĻȴͻȻסˣͣǬˣܸëģ
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ҿȷظ㣬˲Ҫ˵飬ȥҩ֣Ǭ̫಻̫⣬̫׽һЩ
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Ǭо̫ˣʵղſȥ
̫ʱȻʵˣص£ȥ̫
Ǭˣʵȥ̫£
̫Ϊˡܲ˵ǻʺǬӳ£ʲôҪȥôֻ̫̫ҵ˵ʣ̫ﲻǣ
˵£
ʯ˽£ʵʿˡ
ȥǬе˷ܡ
̫ǬΣȥ
ԵµǰС㳡ϣվһٶʿƳʿȷʵû찲ıվôôÿǸܾ
ǬЩʿǰ棬ʯ̫ӵ£
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101 ̫᡿
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Щѹ֡
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㳣ʶݷһӦ֪ģҴ߽һʲôˣ
ݷĿע£ߵߣ˼䡣
ıһ٣ڣűϣ͸ź⣬һģȵ
䣬޼ɣκТƲһȻ֪ʲôͻȻŭǴһǴۡ
޼Сʵ£Ǻ˼ŭ
̫Ӵʽ̫ˣǴڤ䴫һ㣬Ϣһĺ֣
⻰һ޼ɫ׵ÿ£λҲòУ
£Ȱ̫ӽʸףǡκվ˵
Ҳһʱ벻̫ӴŶ̫ʲô
뵽̫ôô嶯Ϊʵû׼飬ʹ̫ˡ
̫ҪʲôѾһˣκͳ޼Ѿһ׼ˡ
Ǿʮǰʹ̫Ԩλˡ
ǴʱǬܺʮǰ
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κĻһ£ϷЦǺ˵ҵҪһʲôǣ˭Ըһӭ̫Ӱ
˵꣬վȥ
һƼڷ棬Т󣬳޼ɶǺɸֵκЦһ£һ߳ȥ
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Ϥǣ֪ʱֻ¸¶ΧѾвǧĽˣЩǵսʱսǾѪĿġղŴӴˣеġЩֻ´ʱиĽ¶
ǬĴǰˣ֪
޼ɺκнޱȡκΪǬģ޼ΪԼģ̫ҪλˣΪ̫Ӿ˾ҲӲ˸ϵడ˭˵˾ͺ˰ⲻһݺôһݷ
˳޼ɺκǶƽվ󣬲һԣɼվӵļᶨ
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ȻȰȰ
·̣첽͵ˣǸŶУǬҪô
ϹŹתͷӣ㲻ҿ̵İɣ
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λĬѾ˿ˣ
ȥһֻˣֵ˵ر£̫Ӵʰˣȥҩˡ
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Ҳʱ̫λԻе㵣ģȻŴȥҩָʲôѵǽٳ̫ҽʲôã
Ҳͬ뷨˵ȥҩ֣޵Ҫʲô

Ǭһ·Ϻ磬ͨѵűһκ󣬹ŶûôһӰ˶ڴϣԼǰӣζ̫ˬˡ
ΪǬǰûе쵼µČ˿
İ˶飬ȷʵŵҩֵġ
һ·Ϲ񫣬ҩ֣ǬĲǰжӣȻԼȽȥˡ
ӢۿģҪиӢ۵ӣܴ˽ȥһڲϿٱǿ׻ǿٽָɡ
ȥһ
ڲϣֻֻУܶȶߣø߸ߵģֻû˵ĽŸһֻŲƤ۹׵Ĵһϣ˺ںڵĶҿˣ
ҲƨֺͽҲûţٱӵУٽָҲС˵Ǭʱ˵ЦطЦ˵˵Ķǲһ
忴ǬЦͻȻͣˣһֻĸ˲һ㡣
ȫɺˣҴʵֵˣڿӢۣҪóӢ۵㣬ҰЩڶɨףôţǬߵһλԱԱߣʵ


102 
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ӵعЦ£ƨɿˣɲˣֻſţ
ǬЦοţû£ܿģ
ȻתԶӵЦƨԼ׵øŮ˵ƨһЦˣ
۹ԱôЦ
ȫɺǵ˶ҰڳӢۣҪӢ۵źѫ£Ǭ˵ѫ£ϵĵ̣
⻰һסȺ˱ǣϵЦݣ۾ɢȵĹâеء̫ҲͬȾˡ
ˣȥǽǬ˵
߳˼˵ţǬļһ
棬Ǭǰİ˵ÿ϶Ҫ𾴣࣬ҪĿÿһλԱӢ۵۾ӣȻŶӽȥһȦÿӢۺתúֵܽȥˣǵľʲô
ʯǬİź֣Ҳʣش£ʲôо񰡣
ķʣǬ֪ƳûоǬַεŵ㣬ûо͸ϡ뵽˽žľ񣬵ƳŴǲܱܣǬе㻳ɣǲܣһŪ߰ģƻԼⷬмĻ뵽߬ȭͷŵ֡
ⲻ֪ʲô񣬵ȴѪǬҸѧֱֱŴȣֳȭͷһţȻŵλòţǶԾֵܵ߾񣡡
ʯɴ۾˿Ǭν۾һ
ĽҲ¶ɣ
һ鰡ǬԺҲӢµ¼Ҳֵܵܵ߾񣡡
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ˣÿʮһ飬ҽȥӢۣ
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ʿҲѧźʯһະһֵܡ
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ʮʿһȦǬúʯȥһ
˺ǬʮŭĿ۾úˡ
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۾ȻڵᣬʵǰǺʵˣû˰ҵ£⻹ͷһΰ
Ҳ׷׺۱ﱻΧһȦ뷨θ˵ƨɿֵˣ
⻰һ˾ȻûЦͬĻȻ˵ⶼ̫ӿǣǵˣǸּҪһӶ̫ӡ
Ǭ׳յĻľˡ
⻰ϻض˵ˣ˵һκֱһʲô񶼲ֵǮˡǬǡ
ȻǬ֪ǣЧҵĻˣһʱòᰡڸʲôҩʦҩ̫ӵʿ
߽ǬЦܶӵشﴫ˵ƨղ˭װŭĿյģⲡ޺ƵģһɵøȻһ㣬Ȼҵˡ
Ǭ˵Ķʮ˱ˣͶһ£ʮ˱˵õ´·ѡеˡ
ɲŹǬȵǬʲô


103 ˡ
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Ǭתͷɫг޼ɣ伸ҽԺʽԱһ¡漴ɫһϲЦʣѵҽԺǮͨ
ߵǬǰӥĿضǬ۾
ӥĿǬ۾ܵѹ΢΢ãܿŪǬʱ˼ʲôˡ
УһԼ񶼶סĲ̫ӣԼķŹ֣
ȻѾ֪ǬλģҲ׷Źߵ㣬ʲô
Ǭ֪ΪҪλˣ֪ղǶΣգʶˣǬӶֻһᡣʵֻۣɽΧסҩ֣ȻǬץץʱֻ²ô˵Ѿʵıˡ
ʱɪ˵ʿ֪ˣʯһôû
ӵ۵Ѿĩˣ
ûеûŰǬ˵
Тͷ˶Ц
Ⱥ˾ڸսʱ򣬶ҺǬκεȻͳͬͬıˡ
Ϊ˾ǵڵȻ֪̫Ӹˡ
Ҳ㱻ǬЦˣԴӱ˵ȥȻ̫ӵİȥ
⻰иСС壬ʯҲû̫Ӵô۾£ǵΪһ۾ģ
ȥˣһʯͶʮʵʿ˽ˡ
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ĻεضһۣͰϸס˿ڵĲÿ¶˰ȻװŭĿյı
ȻʯŶʮʿÿһ˱񣬵һֵܣ
һȦȥʿǶȥˡ
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ǬЩ˼ذĴ˵˳¶Źֵı飬ǸСӣ
£ʮǺ尡СҲĺ尡Т˹
ǬȻҲˣҵʱ׵Ůƨɵĸ첲
ĻͬˣʵТ˻զ
뿴λˣƽֻ߲죬㿴ã˵Ҳ԰ߵ֣ǰ˵ٿλôˣָֻ±λƨɿĻҪһЩָΡ
ТĴ뱲ӣһսͻɴ˱˱ѾϤòϤˣڼʮ˱ȻЩһϾͷе
֪оƾãֻΪʿá
ÿ˶ǾսˣТĻһӾˣһһָʮӢ˱ۡĴҲʾ֮ɫ
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Ǭ죬˵ǸʣȷʵӢ£Ǻöɣǵ˿ΪʱƺþƾºЧ
⻰Ǭʵεģ
ţǬͷȻ½鷳ղܵĹܵǹƵҸʣ
ղܵĺһӦһ˹ȻǬƾȡõЧͽյ飬
ˣ۾Ȼͷͷֹϣһ˽ֹתǬƾڵųģ
ţǬͷ
ҩԺȫ渺ƾųƽȫԺҲ׼Ѿƾմˣ˵
Ǭһ㶣̫˰ɣͿЧ϶ԾƾӡֻҪƾҲץҵ˰
̫ӷƾйʮƥʮƥǬ˵
ǬһЦ
תͷԴ˵ݷȥųϸƽˣסҩС
ȥ
ʣðɣץЩƵˣҶ˭ƺȰǬΪѵ
ϲŴӦأɲʧˡ
ˣƽ˶ǣƾղ֪ˣ˶˱ˣҴʿҪԿˣߵ޻¸˵


104 ׳ղŻȥ
Ǭ˸¶
ѵͬҲҽԺʽ𣿡Ǭһϲʵ
һߵ֪
֪Ǭһ㶡
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Ǭ̧ͷӣǲǿѾɶǸУξ˵ˣУξȴҪңֻá
ߣ޾ûǵ֪ڵ³˵
⻰˵úܲҪղŵΪԿĺأûлɹ˭췴ġղûеֳֻﻹΪǬ췴ˡ
Ǭ⻰򣬵ҡͷ֪
ֵˣֻоԼȭͷ޻޴òСĥߴˣ˵ǿ̫㳭д﹫򴫡ʮ飬ֻëдҪ۱ʺ̿ʻأ
Ǭôݰɣ
⻹û꣬˵һ²׼ú÷ʡˣȥѧɣָˡ
£̫Ϊ֮Ӧ붫֮µľߣκվ˵
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ر£֮ǰ˵߾ռɶžԭ֮ʵһĸ֮Ӧɱջɶ˸߾Тɱ˵
κҲʾ˵ɶ峯ʱ߾ҳʧΪջɶʹҹظ˰֮Уòʧ
ԭжȻҪɱбΪ٣զ֣˵ηηţТ˵߾̲֮֮ҰһֱΪҴ֮զɲ߾ΣӣҴΪʧȥӣ
սӣǰ壬˸߾ҴѵҲҪǰ֮·κźӣТԻ
ǬվԱߣʵǵĻ
ͷͷǲҽԺʽ飬˵ʲôϵ¼
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кڳܵļһﵱȻʲˣӾ˾˸ղŻԼأǵˣʡʣ·ƲƲС˵һ֣ǷƷ
ǬŲ˷ԱߣʵǬǬҪ֪һ£ҽԺʽûУ
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Ǭ˼˼ȥһﳳˣһɻضԷʵ߾۸ô
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ǰҪ˭˭Ϊ˭˭ʯͣ˭˭ʯڿôԣǿϸ߾ҵʲôɣ
߾һຮ֮أʲôҴƿϵģǡԽеЦˡ
Ǭһ̣ûס˵ȥһûкöСҪȥأ׳ղŻȥ򣡡
ַˣ˵̫¶ڵ˶ˡҪǣһ仰
һʱ䣬ܵ˶ɫҲˣ۽𾦵Ǭ
Ǭʱоղε̧ͷ˿Χˣѽôô
κȴһϲ˵̫ӵ߼˵
ˣߵһ˶ҪȥмųСӣʲô֮ߣ
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˵ã
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κʧˣʧ㡭
һЦκ˵Ļᣬ˵ղ˭˵׳ղŻȥģ


105 ˰ӡ
ʴԲӣ
Ǭֱͦ˵
ӵѾ޿̵ĵز㵱׳գҲҪ
⻰Цˣ
κͷĶͷˣ׵ӻô˵
̫ӵ£ΪγƸ߾ΪӣТʵ
ǬΪ߾һȺδҰˣһӣȴûһ֪֮޴غҴƵĺжԿΪսϱǣӦøȡţͽиӣ
ţʵǵձԾռ˳ʰ뵺ձԾΪ˷ūƳʰ뵺ˣڵ˲ΪС㣬ǹˡձ˵ȻҲЩ飬ԲǳֻŰӵЩӳձ˻ݡձԾҹĶʡӳҲձ˽ˣǵİǶʡͬˣΪ˼һʷǸһƺӡ
ʵһֱûŪףָͺǵָΪӣ
ǬȻܰŵʷ˵ֻԼɣܴ˵
Ǭ⻰˷ۣȻ˵̫д۲ΰԣ֮ң̫ӿ֪ܲ߾ʿȻԭʿǰһҲʹðӵġ
֪ǬƤϴϸĿ˵Բ˵һȺӽҰˣǲɣ
ţǴͷȻһ󣬵ֱ֧¹߾
Ҳָ֧ʹ߾Ǭæ̬
ţû飬ȹǰ׳յΣʱ̣Ǭ
Цˡ
̫֧֣κɸֵ˵
Ϊʲô֧أκǬ˵
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սֻԽԽУѵǴ˰ӹҪѲƸ𣿵ȻܣҪͲǵʧֿ׬һ𣿡Ǭ˵
սƣˣ۾ϺĹâ򣬵ȴûץסص㡣
Ǹ߾һຮ֮أʲôҴ֮۵Ķվʵ
Ǭһ˵ĶˣŮһǵŮӣΪǴƵ˿ΰף컹˵ˣ۹Ҳٶˣ˾Գƴǲһöˣ
⻰һڵ˵
ȴûҪһе㷢Ķ³ٻˣ˴˷ӣǾˣˣ
ڶˣЩԸú·Ҫȥˣȥڻأ˵߾ʯͣռԺ츣أ
Ӿ˾ʵʯʲô
ʯģ
ڹŴ˻֪ʯʲôʱйϰѾֺɫҺշˡҪ鹦ҹŴһλˣоŪֶʺ;Աϰƹʹáλ˻һ֣ʯ͡һֱõ졣λ˾Ǳʱڵ
Ƴû֪ʯ͵֡
ǬҲֻ֪ܿԼˣʯһֺɫͣʯͷڳģԵջ𡣡
ˣʯͷôأУΪҪãòˣߵ
ǬŴ˽򾮿ʯͲô׵ģŴҲֻرʯöѣرµʯͻִ˲ܿɵΣ
ֻӦǣǣ
̫ӵ´˻ʵʥ֮Ҵ֮磬սģͳ˲֮ʦʥԻ֮ʦذҲκ˵
ʥֲǱңҲԤԼңҪȻ峯֮ʦôζʧˣŪ˸³Ե˵ʴȾǶԼĲ̣ղ˵߾ľԭʮɵʬǣ˭Ϊ˵һ仰κǲӼҵģͻӼ˶ӣʱֻ˺ҴƵİգ޹ܵ˺˻˵һ䲻֮ʦĻ𣿡ǬЩ˵˵ǵĹûУҽһ졭
½󣬡ǣֻʴ֮ɱܱסԼᱻԵǬܽ
ǵĹ£׵ؾ͵õ⼸ս˾ǵϿɣ
˶ǬµĿСȻͿ˵㣬ӷ裬˵ĻǺϵģ
̫ҪԸ߾ʯͣɼ߾ʮ㣬֪̫Ҫι߾ܱǴƲᲽ峯֮󳾣Ӿ˾վʵ


106 ߾۹
һģĪﲻ˲ס
Ǭռһ롣
ô̯ôһ˾أ
ΪԼ
Ӿ˾⣬Ǭش
һǱңҪս˵ϸӳîǰΡ
˽߾Ǹʲô֪ǵĳҲ֪峯ô򷨸֪θ˵ƾȥ߾Ჽ峯ĺ󳾣
ʱ⣬ͻعǬղʡ
֮ᰡ
˾ˣǬҪ֪˾ΪǬ󣡡Ǭ˵
ʧ֢Ĳˣ֪
ʡ
峯ΪζܣǬʵ
Ӿ˾ǸϵˣǬĻ΢һ˼˵ˣսԭзʱ˺֮˵սܵһԭ򣬾˻޶ȣ۲Ŵԣñ֮ˣսע֮¡
߾֮أȴӪ֮ãǼѰΣ߾Ѳԭ֮ɵأνǲľԱ
ߣ߾ӿຮ֮أԭֻһ붬ܲסǱֻߣʼʹ˳ǳص˶Ҫ߾֮֡ʧȥʱ˺ֻͣø³
˾ˣǲһûҳļһǬʵ
Ӿ˾һ㶣ţ˻
˵ϲɫɣһɣúĻںŮȥһຮĸ߾鷳ʲôҲ˵ˣ߾Ҳûʲôǵ۵ģôҲǸʵ۵۰ɣǬʵ
⡭Ӿ˾һʱش
شһȥɣȴֵؿǬһۣǵģʲô
ǬǿˣӾ˾˶˵۸׼ȷǬκӾ˾˵Ļ΢΢üκЩӦǺģôӦ֪ģôκüӾ˾˵ˣӾ˾ΪʲôҪ˵ѣֻһԭˣǾƨ
Ȼһʵǰ˵һǰʵ۵ĺûвˣ
ȡһ£˵㡭Ȼǿ⣬۹ϣֵġ߾õģȻź
⻰һ֧ɵƼˣǷɵκӾ˾ˣɵķ࣬ԼͬĵͷĻʾ߶ȵϿɣǬգգ۾ʶ߾ԭƺô򵥡
һ䡰ź˵˸߾ΣвԺΣԣͬʱְѸ߾ŵһܸߵλϡǬƺе߿߾ˡ
ԴˣǿǬľ飬һʷ峯ʵ۶ȥ߾߾߾˹ʿڸ߾Ź֣˻ʵۺȡѵСģʮ꣬Ȼһޣ߾붬ܣԭʿʬλʵһͣڶϣȴֻʮĹǡʱڸ߾ʱɱ˸߾Ӵ˸߾ʧʷϡ
Ҫ˵ǣ峯ǰ߾һߣ֮ʮȥ߾˸߾ֻʮ꣬ͰѸ߾øޡ
һˣƵĻʵ۶ɵ㣬ǰ˺ȥһ߾󻹰ظޣ
ǬʱҲ⣬ʵʣΪʲô
۾⣬¶һԶĿ⣬˵߾ԭͬūں
Ը߾һôͽܵǬ߾ǳʲôġ
߾Ƿ֣˵ķ֧غ佨ʵһأ߾쵼ھӪԶﻮܹݵأȴ̡ԭȡ˳ػĲԣйң˻ռأǿʵ500ĲиŬͣ߾ռ˺ɶˡˡĿأɺй־ڡ壬ǧϱǧʮ˿Ҳӡ
߾һ壬ȫԱ񲻷֡Կʱ򣬾ͿһԵʮϵʿҵľ
߾˺Χ׷׳ս嶼ΪãǿͻʺҲѺ͸߾ˣйı߾ڹҷչǳΣȶͻʣ߾ãв󡣰ټϷˣ˵ķ֧޲ǣΪһƵΧڸ߾ټãձ֮䣬ʱ̶֮С
Ȼ˶Ը߾ͶڿĿ⣬ﶼһǿĵ۹ǲ۹ԭĺ˽ֺܵ
һɽݶӲ
Ǭܵ𺳺ܴԭҪ߾ԭ֮ǰЦֻеõʹҪʵǬЩΡ
ʣ֪ǬԼҪΪԭĺгȶһŬ˼뵽һ취ʵ


107 ɱ
һǬôͻȻˡ
Ӿ˾Ǹ˾ʵָ̫κ
ûȻ޹д˵´ƣϾñط֣־ñغϡҲǱ˼Ǭ˵һ룬ͻȻ졣
Ϊ´ƣϾñط⻰ɫͲÿˡⲻĽɽҪֵ̫Ƿ飡
Ǹˣҧ޹кˣ־˳ʲôʱһ޹У˭ֽ´ƣϾñطֵȻ뻰ˣ
ʲ֪޹Уô˳ˣǸʼǴ˰ɣǬʡ
ǺͿȥ֮־飬ɿӱװලѾĵزˡ
ʣȱ˰˵꣬´ƣϾñط֣־ñغϣֻ˵ֳֺΪκһܽᣬ۵ĶֻʺһɲʺκζҴƵȻ棡ǬϽͣƨ
ʱеƣƳ˵ҪСİȻһͿǷ˭˭治
޸˵߾˵ʲôߵ
Ӿ˾˺ͷǽǣ͵Цǵģ
һ˵ǬƵֹһ䣬ʵ˵ǣ
ôˣǲǷ־ñغˣѾ׼ҪǬϳȥˣͻ˵ЩĵĻ
Ǭ˵ɣһǸˣһֱţȻΪˡϡĿģһֱ˭ÿˣǾ͸˭˭ʳǽŴһǾæɱͲˣҴҹԽԽˣʱǾͲǵĶˣ
һϺ걾мı飬ţǵı鿪ʼ仯ˣ漴۾⣬ضǬ©Ǭ³ÿһ֡
ƽʱǬһܲЩ˾ĿѹǬ˵úͶ룬е㷢ӣԶԵǵѹ
Ǭһ˵꣬Ѿվǰɫ۶ʵ˵
Ǹ߾ټú𣿡
ҴƵô԰أӾ˾ʵ
֮䣬ֻϵֲȥںԮ𣿡
˸߾Ͱټãǵɱԭգô죿ʵ
ôʿ԰鱨ͷӸͷˡ
鱨ͷӣƼʵ
ϸ
սҷϸʲôκʵ
ҪҪ˽ҵľǵĹʲôĳ̶ȣЩ鱨ں󷽲ܽԶء΢أи׼ȷ֧Ԯǵƽ⣬֧ǿˣսԾʧˣ
۾һʵҾϸֻ̽оδ֮٣
Ͳ˰ɣ½ṹǹ̶ģǴҪҪʲôĿľ齨ʲôľսԣǾͿһרŵ鱨鱨Сṩ鱨ί߲ο
ãһģϴϲã
ǬҲٺһЦ˵ʣ԰鱨Ŷ
˸ԣĶƳһá
ǲòϣǬˡֻ۾һУʵҪ붫
Ͷֻһ֡
κ˶֪ǬǴ⣬ʧذҡͷǶǬǻѾǾˡ
ûǾֺǬ޾˵鱨ʻҪҵģ֪ʲôӵģֻ̽оĻе㳰ζ
˾ˡ
鱨پһӶϸۣѵҴͣΪ𣿡ʵ
ܡ֪Ҫ֪ս֮߾ʸһ⣬ǵʿڸ߾ʿ𣿡
ҡͷԭʿսҪڸ߾࣡
ʧܵԭ򣬾ͲʿܣˣֻҪҵ⣬취⣬߾ò𣿡Ǭĵ˵
Ǹ߾ǵȿຮ֮أ˶ͱѩصģ߾˶߲סοԭʿֻб³˵
ⲻůѵҴƵشﲩ취𣿡
ΪһЩȽźҡҡͷ
ѵû£û޷ǬСĵʡ
һ˾Ǭ³ʣ֪ǬҪˣȫ
ʣΪ£Ϊ޷


108 ޷
£·㣬м޻ͿԱůˣǬش
Ⱥ˾úĿ⿴ǬϰԵ֪ƳӦûº޷ôֻð˵ǵɹҵսȥ죬ȵʱǲһ
ǬΪ˵Ӧûˡ˺Ǻãӡ
κʵ̫ӣΪ޻
û޻Ǭ˵һӦһ
û޻Ǹˣ
̫˵޻֮ǴӺεʣ˵һһд˹Ҵ£ĪҪˣ
ǬﰵˣƳû޻ȻҲû޻ˣ˾ɳʵˣôǬԼԽᱻǸڳԽ飬Ǭִ˶Ͳ˵֮飬ӹֻô룬ǰǬ˷ӣǵȻ˵𣿲ôǬ֪Ǻ³
ĪΪʧ֢ˣκʵ
ԣǬæͷ
κ˰
Ϊˣƶ֪ҳǼʲô
ǵ¿ɼǵ޻ʲôӾ˾С۾һգʵ
Ǭ˵԰޻Ӹ˵һ顣
ⲻǰ׵𣿡Լͬ˵
׵ӣǬû˵֣ѵƳ޻ͽа׵ӣ
ţóǬȥָһ°׵ӣ֪ǲˡֻ׵ӻô·أˣԺ飬˵˵ʲô޷ɣ
Ȼ޻˻֪оǬбһ
Ȼش⣺޷ǰѼëëϴɾȻŽ·м䣬ⱣůЧǳߵģѩҲ˶ţ
Ѽë˴е
ôˣû뵽ôķӦ
κɸֵ˵£˹ӣ
ɣǬҲ˹ģ̫˰ɣǹҺͰյİΣҪ˹ҪǵʿҪ˹Ҫϱû˹ģ˹˶˲˹ģ˹ܱ𣿡
˻еЩ죬Ѽëʵǡ˵ݴ
˶
Ѽëůѧģʵ
׷ףǬǰĽѵҵһڣ˵ǰЩ첻Ƿ۱𣬾ȡѼëëȻӲɶ۱дֵʱ򣬾밡ѼëԹǰëŪϣҲܱůԸղᵽ߽ʿůʱ򣬾뵽ˣ
ֶͷ˺ˣǬĻѼëϣǸ˹ĵģ
ȻѼëڳĬһܽҲ֪ͬҪʲôݣֻԹ˵˵º޷ڶɶĽʿܱ֮ࣿ
ǿԣҪʵȷǬ˵
ͷǬſڿӵ̬Ⱥ⣬תͷԴӱ˵ڵţһ޷񽻸
ȥˡ
ʣǬ֪һ£ѵⱣůͲջȡů𣿡Ǭ뵽úúȡů
һۣߵ㵱˶һ밡ջȡůﰤǾǰ׳ˣ׳ջʲôսֱˣˣҪڰ̸£ȥѧɣ
Ǭ׳գ˵ֱˣָɣ
ڿҪҪƽϵʱû뵽ָˣܲذǬ˳ȥ
ʣҡǬغ
۾һɣǬֻƵرˣȻɥ˵ˡ
࣬ӵľ˾˶ЦݵؿǬ뿪ʲôЦ
ߵſڵʱӵعЦ߾ӣٴʿr־ڽ
УǬ˸ָ
ص˶ĵǬԾõȵĿӱʵӣ˭
ӱ˲룬־Ҳ
ûһģһ޹дģǬʡ
ûСһǸˡӱҡͷ
ǬһȻָԿӱЦӣҸ㽲£壬ĿͷԳ̾䡶ٽɡШӡ
еǣˮ˻ԾӢۣǷǳɰתͷգɽڣϦ죿׷Խϣ߿´磬һǾϲ꣬Ž£Ц̸С
ãһ׺׳Сӱҵ̫ӶЩû̫ļˣٽɣϷ
ʱǬͷˣúͿƽˣغߵǣ̫ġ
£鷿⣬Ȼ嵵Ľ


109 Ѵ桿
Ǭתͷվ鷿⣬СظܴӦܲġ
СôˣǬʵ
ʱ嵣ڻʺôˣ
˽ɫĹװгŶʣСԣߵǬͿǰƯ򸣣ӣ
Ҳңĳμ̫æ̫Ǭģ˵ĳȸˣ
˺СϺ鷿ſڡ۾żʵɾû£
ûʲô£Ǭæ§סʵôˣ
ղ˵ȥ̫ˣʣģ
ţģǬ֪ڵʲôˣ͵ûôأֻȥ̽һǣȻ󸸻ҲȥҩֿˣĪûˡ㲻õģ
һһ㶵ģȵǬ˵꣬ЩŵʵĿˣˣ
㻹𣿡ִ嵵»ڵʮεһ£ʾв
һ죬Ǭʱ˼֪˵ģŷ
Ϊ£ʹܹˣǬʵůůģͷ§øһЩ
С鷿´һǬ滹һֻӵأҡٽɡҲҪ嵴һ¹
ѡٽɡ׺ĴһܼرǬĲӣյеСһһģС췢ԳԵЦ

ǬװƵı飬ȴˣ
ΣɿǬСģϲúͰĽĹâڴ˵ɾҪ㽲壡
ãҽǬЦӦ
СϺ״½󣬵£ⲻðɣǽѧʱ䣡
ҸʷҽģҪ׷Ӽලأû취ģǬƤ˵
Ȼ顶־ǴˣǶ־署أͰĻˡ
⡭ðɣӦˡ
ǬֿԵ̨ˣеɪλϣŷе٣ͰСϺһ˽
ȣ˵´ƣϾñط֣־ñغϡ
һεʱʺ޹дѾôҲǰ˵ҲͲ彲ĸӶİȨԵ棬ҵĴ
һ£ǬˬˣҲˬˡ
ŮļţǾǴ⵱ˡȴ˼״һ˵̫ӵڲ˵ãĹڵңۡȻȴȫƫʷʷ֮ȴдʷ֮ʵǶʷ˵Ĵ󲻾˸Ϊ棬Ǹӵܣ
ǬͷˣҲǵģдС˵ֲдʷǣ㵱С˵߾ҪȿʷרҵͷдС˵
ӣ˷ʷ壡Ǭ͡
׷ӵͷϿɣǲŹ˵Ȼڹھʣᡶ־֮ʡ塷ֻ˶־ʷֻ»ᱻߣ׶ûҲֻԺֻ֪֪ʷ¶һǹĲɣģ
ָǬԥرС˵д̫ҲǴ
µġ塷ֻˣĪҪٽȥˣ׷վǬ˵
Ҳ̫ˣǬɲӦڡ塷ǰһ䣬ǰȶ־Ҫʷ࣡˰ɣ
׷¶Ϊ֮ɫԥһ⡭Ҳɣ
ˣѸһ棬һ塷ռ˶˵ıʲô
ӣⶼ¿ʱˣѧˣǬͿȥˣ˵󣬾뿪ˡ
Ǭ˵Цȥ˴߳һˣӾ˾ˡ
ϴЦݣƺ˱һǬŲˬ
ҲǬк
໥к󣬾ͷֿˡ
ǬıӰֹʲôǶȸ״ɣ
¿ģĸ󲻹ʲôΪºã˵
ţ
ӭ濴СºһϹŮֿϹŮϴϲãǬ뿪ˡ
С΢΢ǬǷ۾е죡
ѵǸղϹŮ۸ˣǬ룬漴ˣô˵СҲסڶôͿԱһŮ˸۸أ
ôˣǬסҪ뿪С£ʵ


110 СµĹǡ
ûа£СתͷЦһ仨۾Уղŵۺˡ
Ǭؿ˿ЦǺܿģǲĵʵû£һҪңô˵Ҳסڶģ
ţСµһͷȻͷ̧
Ҳ˵䣬С¶û쳣ӦǾͷֿˡ
Ǭθ£Сµ£׺ɿɲԺ˵˵
ǬͣתСìܵı飬Ǭ֪£ֻԼһ˵ѡ
Ҳ֪ʲô飬ƽʱǬ֧嵡СˣǬҲҪչһ顣
ǲ˼ؿ嵡
ƽЦһ£ȻȽȥˡ
ҳȥߣǬСֵ
ûã˴ͣ
С˵ղйֵŮǰ׺Ϊ¶˾ǣҹСҲ̵ܷˣ
˵ţ۾µ
ʲô˰ɣǺǣǬûûεȤЦ˾ʲôְأ
Сһ߻ش˾ǣźϹԿ
ǬͷѾˡ
¶ĵ̣ǹ˯ĵطԿ׵ĹŮȻҪȵ˯˲ܹɹСݹǺйصģⰲôһݹʱҵռСµıˡ
СΪһŮռˣֻǿûԺ
˵ĹŮ϶ŮˣռС±ˣҲǿ飡
Ǭܲϲ⽨ĶرС¸ѾദúˣҪ⽨ĶǱˣǹɲˬԱ޴ڵġ
ֻǲ֪Сôģ
ȥ𣿡Ǭʵ
СҧҧС֮Υ
Ǭ˵Ŀᶨؿ۾СҪܿĿ⣬оĿйħһ㣬ʧȥ˱ܿ
ҡСҪ¼д¥ΣСºĿ룬ͷеߣ˵
ȴһɼᶨ
ǬЦˣȻ˵Ҹоһ֪
Ǭһַǳ裡СȴЦˣЦúܿģصţǵ̫ˣ
ƭȥɣǬм˵㣬ǸϹŮ㣬ûȥʹʺûǰɣôǻʺأ¶ҪǽǣҲҪʹʺӦӦΪСԼ
ǣĹؾСС˵
ۻȥǬ˵Ĺش󣬻ǻʺȥ
С¸оĹԽԽ޴ɣ˵Ǭλȥ
аȰɾˣȻ˻Ϊ۸أ
ţСӦһˡ
ص˵ڣǬ˽˻ʺңղ԰
˧ڻʺǰͷϴվţȴϵشӺ۾ʺڴϣϴŷҲ֪ʲôˡ
Ǭһ뵽Ӿ˾ˣӲ˵ʲôɣ
裬ôˣǬվߣְڻʺĶϵ֣һʹǲǣɺãòã
ʺ۵ǬһۣȻֺЦԼɺáǬʺĶһżʺһŵüë濪
ʺ㡶СȳȥҪԳǬ˵
ڵϵ˧ǬһۣһΪ֮รʲô˼浱Ǹͨ
˧Ǭգһۣһٰο
С¸ųȥʺ׺£л㣡
С¿˿Ǭֻʺô̫
ǬҲգһ۾ţʲô˼СԼȥ
Сһ죬ǬԺԼ۲Ч
գۣȴͻȻһʹ
عͷŷֻʺҧСŤǬĶ䣡
跢ֵϷߵˣ
裬裬Ҳˣ֣ˣǬ
ʺСߵС޵ģǹӺŮֱˣƱˣСԱ߿ȴҳ
֪ˣʺ˺֪ôҸ⻵һȥƽˣ
ƽǬһ׹˧ȥĺ
ˣ˧ܾܵȻˣ¸˻ʺӻûƷô
ֱץԼȥҼ飬ǬôСѧдĶд޲ȥ˼ˣ˵죬Ըˣ


111 Ķ䡿
С⻰Ҳһ£漴ԭǬǰϳȥܺȥˡ
СϹһ졣
Ǭ۽ǿˣϴŵЦ˼ʲôûûС
񣬳СӣʺָһŤǬعֽһæĽ̻壡
ˣΪ˲Ȼ˵ӿˣ￴˸ˡ⴦ȻʱСΪ˻أôҲû뵽ȥƽֵطʺɸֵ˵
ǬҲǵģҪѵôС¸أûӣ
ô죬û취ֻõͷĽѵȻ˶ˣ
˵ΪʲôҪȥƽѰǲ̫㲻ˣʺһУʵ
û裬Ǭæϡ
ǬʺĻʱǱʶ뵽̫ȷʵͷȻ΢΢ӦϣԻʺȾˣϵıҲĹ
ָŤǬĶ䶼Ҫ黨ˣǵǬҵĽ
ôôأôŮˣ̫㲻㣬ҲҪŮҪȥƽǵñ˴ɱи̣ôʺ˵˵ţ۾Өӯ˷ۣһһβΣ˿ʹ
ôŮˣǬˡ
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118 Ǯ֡
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119 顿
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121 ʸ
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125 ڿ⡿
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126 ޽
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127 ȴ硿
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128 ˡ
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ҪסΪĸ֣Ҫκò˵壬Ҫչ˿ǲ˵뷨ò˷ģ


130 ѵء
裬λŮǲĲ˲ܵλҽŮҽľΣǸеӤѾȡˣǵҲڷɿػָУǬڻʺǰָǰ޵ĸŮԻʺ˵
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㶼ϹˣȻԣ

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ǬʺɫܺãţǸ״̬˲٣ͻʺ˵䣬ȥҼһ顣
ж׼ˣҪȵģʱ䡣ʱһЩ̫ٸһЩ߲ŻһЩܷһЩ
ʱ䵽ˣʺ󱻷ϣƽҡղܵĵȼҽ̫ҽѾȽ̨ľˣŮҽŮҽ̨׼Ҳվ
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131 ɹ
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Ҫ֤ܼ򵥣ֻҪⵤȥһֻеһԣұ֤ĸһǬ˵


134 ʿ
ֺ˵ôܺȣʺǬһۡ
˵Ӻݸ߹Ļʺôһֻĸأǵģ
裬ңⵤĲܳԣǬ˵㿴ⵤôӲʯͷӲ˵˶Ҫô˰ʿ˵ⵤ٣ϣسӮۣһܻù˵ⶫ˵ĸǼٵģֻҪⳤϵջôͿԿһʲôˮ϶Уˮһ岻ãĶһ֪һĶԲܳԣ
ǰʺ󲻻ǬЩǻʺովһͶ˸˽˾ôһգ۾ûˣ˵ǰô˾һ׷ĳϣͳһЦˣ
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ʺǸˣܿ˷ţʼÿ͹۵Ŀɵ
Ϊ￴һʺ֣ǬҪ顣
ڻʺʾʳǬŷİѵ˻ʺ󡣻ʺ󣬵һ㶼ûбΣˡ
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Ǭ˵ܣھһʣȻ׺ȥۣǲЩҪ˵㡣ˣҪ֪ܵõĳҪȥأ
ҩ־С¼˱ʺĴСʺҲмءշ˵
ҳʱҲ𣿡
еģܵǸµģǽ̫ʱЩ־Ҳţ
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շ죬漴ϡ
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146 ܡ
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ȻҲϾֹͣ˻⣬ȻǰԼͼշ
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147 ǰ̫ǵĻ
Ǭ嵶һۣ˶еΣô˰û뵽һء
ԴӲǬһСԵԴ˵
СԺһЦǺǬܵĶ
ʺǸҵŮˣߺü֪ģġԸⷢ飬˽ǲڱߵģС仰˵ǿ֮鶼ûй
УԴӱһֱԻʺĳ谮µյϻλͲ˻ʺôûʺʺףС룬˵˵̫һ˾ӣƷиʥһ㣬Ҳ
СһӷҪ˼άܣòǬ
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ΪֻˣС˵ܴ󵨡
˼˵ĻλǬһŵ˵
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ͬصͷ۾꣬䣬Тм֮Ȩ൱ãܵһº
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ǬԼ뷨ŵˣһ
ڲŪҰɣǬĵʡ
ˣ嵺СŮֻҲûк³
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С۾תת˵̫ģ̫ӲѾЩıˣӦòٴˣ
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Ϊѵؿ˿Ǭ˵˳
ԭǰ̫ӻһ档ϴεΪС飬ҲʴȣҲܹģΪԡ


148 Ԥڵԭ
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ô棬еԿڣϾ˵Լ˵ĲǣеŲ
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ȻԵţ˶ڸŸɡҳ˲⣬ǰ̫ӵһһģһˣ˵ǰ̫ԽԽ̫ˣ
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嵵˵ͷҲ˵ġ
Ǭ˫ش˴ʵǸȻǰģҲǶ˵ҵʱΪʲôأ
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ǬͻȻ룬ԼԽˣʷչȥ̫ȻᱻϵѹĸСӵ»ʵۡ
ˣͻȻ뵽ԼԽˣǾû˸ʺһƽิˣǻʺ󲻾𣿻ʺˣСβžû裬ʧȥĸòŻڳС죬󣬻治ȢС裡
ִ˵Ǭ˵Сǵݵģ˵ǬԽǰһʻӣ˼ĸɱŮǻҪһɢⱲӵĳӲˡ
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պö˻ʺǬȫ˻ʺֻǳԤ˶ѡ
ǬЦˣȻںѪڲˣҲˣܱȱҪã
ûˣˣǬӶϣЦˡ


149 һӡ
Ǭ嵵˽ϣղܵԶԶģȻ֪Ĺͷ̥Ԥڵ嵡
Ȼ⴩Խǲ˵ġ
գˮӣ˵ǵﲻˣ
ǬظһõЦ
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ǱղܵĹתһȥûпߣҲԶԲղܵĺܶ¡ʱи̫Сܵղܵߣһ񣺡Сļܵ
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ʺ֪ǲ˯ˣһҲҲû˵
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շͷӦڡ
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ʺҧгݵ˵㵹ܲ鰡
ĸʵȥһǲвӣ룡
һ𣿡

ӦòšǬˡ
ʺǬ۾ȥҩֲ֪ҶʮһǲġڳҲ㣬ǾͲǹġô˭㣿


150 ɵ
һͷ̫˵ġǬʵ˵
ڻ԰̫飬ʺ˵һ顣
ʺһ˼ɸֵصǬһۣĻͷβ̫ϳѵ𣿡
һ㻳ɣֱ֪治ˣ
ʺֵһۣȻ溰㣬
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շ˵ȥˡ
ʺֿǬʵ̥ʮһ̫ģ֮ǰڻʲôŻᱻ̫ģ
ǬԻʺòˣⶼ뵽
ٲ˵Ųٹͣʺ
Ǭ˼ָһ˵

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ʺܼ˫סǬգ˵˭˵㸸ʰôԲ㻹Բʲôüë۾㸸һģһ°;Ϊ㾹Ȼ˵ˣˣ
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ܡҲп뺦㣬ԺҪСһ㡣ʺԸ
Ǭ۾գ£ԭƳôΣաɵĵʱծӻź


151 Ь
ΣյʱҪúõرԼ
Ǭˡ
ʶΣյƳһͿԶһԱ
뵽˸Լֵ
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ֻʱ͵Ǭڻ԰̸ԼװһմˣЩǬǬ
Ǭһ룬ͷĻɱԼծӻΪɱôʱǬһһмһһСŮһϸ֣ΣǷǳߵġ
Ҫһѵض󣬾һѳֵĵߡ
⵶ҲܵģǴУһӲͱǸ̿͸ڻطʱ龰ԼǸ̿ĹǴ̿͸սʱߵ̿°͵һˡ
ֻϧִ̫٣ЬҲеȻܰǴ̿͵°͸ˣֱô̿ʧȥս߰˳սˡ
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161 Ժ
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ƣǬ˵ʱͻȻģȻ޽ݾˡڽŸˣҲ֮صʱˣû뵽һˣͱѾͷóˡ
ֱ˷ֵεģ
ϵʱǬһֵģ극ȫطȥˡҪ֪Ǭȥﶼûˡ
ǬǺƣһţζһҩζȻ˵ôţǱɺҩ֭Ҫõö࣡
ϴģžҧһڣǺƣ⸡˸ڣ˵£ĽŻûأƹٺȰɣ
ǵطȥû£Ǭɲͬ⣬¾Ҳ˰ɣҾҪ죬Ը⿴ҰӰ
ҹӵĻЦˡ
ɶҪ˵Ǭǰϵ۸Ϣʱ䣬ǰˣͲڸɶ˾Ϊһ硣ǬͬѧһɶʱˡԣȻҹˣ
ЦҲ͵ˣǬЦͣһһƵԼȻȥ
һҹ˲ʿĴ磬۲˵ˣ
ڶ죬ǬоԼ࣬аշļ󣬺£
쿴ˣǬ׼ȥ
ֹ˵ˣû¡һ߸Ǭ£һ˵
զûˣ
һ죬С¶ӡ
Ŷˣ»Ǹһġ
ˣ챻Ǿһ˶˺˵ˣ׷ȥѧüأͶԺˣ˵
ѧˣȥˡʦˣð찡
ȥҸˣǬ˵
߳ȥǬ·е֣æסߣ
Ǭס˵Ūʹˣ
ţɬصһͷ
ţ̫ˣڲžʹ
һŵĶͷһ̫ȥп׷ӣȥϢ


174 åɡ
׷ˡ
Ǭµһ룬бߵļ
Χһĸŵ飬Ǿ֮硣ľһ⾳
ǬΧǿӱһֽ̳ģͷǸŰˣرע£磡
ΧĻ·̸ǬǬͲٰſʦĻˣͿʦ壬伫ֻΪӮ塣
ʦµǾ壬ǬӦåˡ
ʦʼʱУһǬ··ԽԽ̲סˡ
˹İ
Ǭֿ˿ʦſˮˮǬͷڷ

ˣǬͷıһ
߹ذǬͷϵĿˮ
ղŷӰȵǱ趼˰ɣǬƵ˵ͷϵĿˮ࣡
һ߲һʵôǷôأ
ӮôǬָ̣˵
嵵ͷ˿̣ûһ

Ǹپȳ
Ǭڿʦ˼ά޷⣬ŵ˼άҲû⡣
Ϊһѧ֣ʼ嶼壬˾ͻѹ֣ͻһҪӮԼֻĳ嶯£ͷһӱúˣóֶΧϣȻ˵˹ģ̫ˣ
ڶϣǬ˵ߣ۲÷ӸſˣȻҪһͷĿˮˡ
˹ڶϹ䣬˵ϲȥ
е䵭ǰһСôˣѵû
а˵ģ嵵ͷ˵
СϻûУǬգһۣʵ
ҡͷ۳磬֪
Ǭȥһû
ȥһˣ˵£û
ǰûԼʵ
ûСǬҡͷˡȥҸλӣ
û˧ҲǬλӡ
˳󣬲ķ֣Ĺıǰˡһ٣˼ʮǰмǧˣżˣһˣ
ˣ
ʱ䵽ˣϳӣѲǬ;ûˡ
Ƕ˭Ҳ̫˰ɣ֣ҲûҪ׷ȥ˼˵
嵿̫գ۾˵
ֱ¶ӮˣӴͷβ֡
ˣ˧ȥͶעĵطأǬε˵
ҡҡͷ
ղǬ˺þöûҵͶעĵطǬҪ¶ȴ򲻳ˣˣھӮǮˣ
£ղСȥͶעʱ˵¶ǱµӣǺӼ俤ӡ˵
Ӽ俤Т
ŶǬһۣµʲô˵޵У
ǰȻûеطͶע˵
⻰еӣɼϲܻӭ˭ҲҲӣ˭ҲȥӮġ¶Ӯˣ̵Ļ϶ӣԲûп̡
Ǭ˳󣬶˵û뵽˹ܿһ氡
£⻰ɲ˵Сѵڻȥ
ȵǬǰʻԱȥй䣡
˶Уûĵط
Ǯȥˣ
һڵ̯ǰͣ£һӺܲ
̯ϰ忴Լǰпͣ˵͹٣ڵĺ񣬳֣֮ķ˴ʣ
Ǭϰ壬ת˵ԣ
嵸жˣ⻹ǬһθȻź͹ĶһΣȴһϲý
ͷҸǬ˵
ߵˣɾأ
Ǭסļ򣬰ȻͷϡţҲ֪Ҫô壬ֻðͷϵһֻӸεȻλøϡ
ţÿ˳ۡ
ϰ忴ǽӣ֪үǮҾͲ
ˣǾӣƣʵӰϰܻ飬ĵ̯һͭӣ嵿
ţҲ˵Ư
Ȼյ˵ͦÿģɾ
ǮǬ嵵Ļϰʵ
һӣϰЦ˵
Ǭһ壬õĽŴϷϵһϵʯײȻҲ˵۾ֱֱضϰ忴
ϰһӲˣ
æĿڣ͹ٱᣬС˵죬ǮǮӣ
Ǭüëһ۸Ȼ


175 Ρ
͡͹٣СͣʹŻݣһǮŸˣϰĸһ£æۣ
ʲôŻݣһǮҲ̫ˣ
㿴ǬһɣϸĿڣһǮˣ
㿴ôֲڣֵǮǬ۾һƳҡͷ
ôأõӡ쿴ϣһǮˣϰһܳԿӡ
Ǭ˵ͣ㻹ùˣ
ֹǹ󣬼ֱڳҵѪ
˵ЦˣСļǱһݵˣ˵ˣһǮϰҧҧʹ¾ĵ˵
Ǭҡͷʾ۲С
ͣСĵСֻ׬һˣҪСĽˣϰһȥ˵ӡ
㿴ҾһǮˣ񻹶ְǬͷȡĽһ£˵
ϰ岻ţĽ𶼲ֹһǮӵļۣͣģ
ռ˵ĵطϰҲȥ
λӡ
ϰɴ۾۾ã
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ϰһӴһǬļˣ뵽ھ˵̯ˣѵǡһӱԼŵö£
λͣˣŷ֣ŷ㿴ô
ţֵۣǬ˵ӡصͷ
ãС͸
ôˡǬָ嵸ͷϣȻӹǮϰ塣
ֳݵؿǬһӿŷ֣̫ûҲûģǬҲˬԴƳΪһ̫ӣԵĴĶƳõĶָ߸ϵĸоҲͿʼʱù񫣬ỳһͨ˵ղϰƽϣһһֵĿֻۣصȥĸо
ϰ壬Ǭһ˼ǰߡ
λ͹٣㿴ӣڵĺֻ߷Ǯһ̯·ͣǬؽܵ
ǬһǷϵӣ죬ٿһͷϵӣײһ
ҿǬ˵
Ӱ͵ǬϣǬӹһһģ
߷֣ʵ
ӿɫһֺõλ͹㿴ӣָˣ
ˣǸղźǰĵ̯ϰ岻ǽ׳Դ
һǬ䣬Ҫʧ̬ǬЦ¡
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УУ͹㿴æܻĵ̯˺ü֧ӸǬ
Ǭһֻ㾫£嵲ͬӣ֧ˣ
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Ҫ֧һ֧Сһ֧䣡Ǭһ֧
еԴףԷʵ֧ܱ˲
˺ֻ֧ҪһǮžͺˣӸӸˣ
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ɣǬ񷢴֮һ˺СϺһһ֧
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ͣʵôˣ
ǿǱߣε԰ɣǬָŽֶԱһҵ꣬ߵʵ
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뷨Ǭ漴ͷ񶨵ⲻܰεĻڵµʱʱ嵲ֶû
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ҿˣɽկ̫ӵˣ⻹˵ã
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𣡡Ǭֹʲôݣ
Ҫ˵ɽկһԭƷԷ¡ǬƳʵкۼҵģ򵥵ĺܡ
󲿷ʱ䶼ڹĴϽ죬Ρ
Թ˼εĴ١
ε꿴žͲǿ죬ôͲˡôڹⱻ͵ȥһȥˣ
ǸεξǬߵʱ۾ǬһرǴΣȻЦЦ̨ҲǼҵΣţɿҲûˣȥøҸã
Ǭɫεض˵ͷ
ղҲڹ۲ΣԼڵμһģһⲻ͵ѧ˴ģһһԭģŪġҪ֪ǬӿǴ³ʦϳĵʮһˣںܶϸϣ³ʦԻķȥչѾǬǰִ˺ܶ಻ͬˣʣżʵãЩϸڲǹ⿴һ۾ܸƵģ
ôΣͲǹˣǹûнӴε˿۾ģ
һ仰ڹ
Ҳˣ˵ȥҳǹ֮ļˣЩãغǬգգۡ
Ǭгһĥ˭пǵ
˼룬ϵ˵ߣ۷Źղĵ̯ϰ壬ȥһ˭
ҪǬߣԺǻ˻֣һ
˵ſڣ겻ſڷһµεƷûֿһΣεƷһڷżղűһһϰŮָСƳһηŵԭĵط
Ǭ˵ǸϰӭЦȻشкλ͹٣
Ǭһˡ
˭ϻؼʱȻһˮģزҪǬǰ˭˭ҵģڼһ崿ܲͬʣôεһ۾ϳˣ˧һã
檼һЩ޴룬æ
ǬһڣˣԼ֪ͺá
һ֣վһߡ
ģǵܵܵģǬ֪ʵ
ԣһһã֪˧ܵܵˡ
ȥˣĵܵҵĶ׬ǮҲ˵һ
µˣֻǸ¿ŵꡣһ˵
̧ͷǬһۣҲҪһѸѡһ
ǬЦˡ
ҵܵȥ˽Ǭ˵
⡭һԥһ£һ檵ݶûеˣҲ̫ӵĻæӦȥ
ԶţһСŮȥҲ̫ˡǬ˵Сȥͺãǵȣ
һöסӣǬ˸򸣣ȻһС˵һСܳˣһýó裬ˮݿţǬֲ裡
Ԥ͵ĺò裬ƷһøС󣬶Ǭ˵


176 רѡ
磬ӭСط˧˽ЦŴк翪ĵ꣬ô
˧ȻôӢ·Ȼӣȴʧţ
㿴һã˧ʱգһˣ
ûǴɿ䣬ͽˣǬѲ豭£˵
˧߽ˣ嵹񣺡ɩ
嵶һЦ
ߵһ£ӣѽûʹ˵ǡղſ򣬺ÿɣ
ÿۼҵӣôÿǬЦ
ţ⻰ҪϢһԱˣ
˧һЦҲ֪ۼһġۼҲܲҴͷɣԿŲÿҲĻô
Ǭͷûעеʧˣ
˧ˡ
ЦǬָһ£˵㿪ĵꣿ
˧һ㶣˵Ŷǣ翪ġ
Ǭ۾˧⻰綼ˣĲģ
硭˧չͷʱ棬ţǸԺս
УȻСҲ̫ˣ
ȱһʣĲģꣿ
Ҳԡ磬ʲôô˵Լأ˵һү꣬˵ʲŹңҲᱻЦģ˧ĹǬһ
˧˵岻м⣬ҲᱻЦ⡣ֻܼӵؽСһĻûݵŮ꿴ꡣ
ǬȥЩӵĹϵֻҪ֪˧ˡ
껹ġҪǮˣǬֱ˵
˧ͷһĿŹֵؿǬ
һԴִչ˵磬ȱǮ
ȱǮ⡣Ǭҡͷ
˧⡣
ǬһָԼΣҵĶôҪǮ
Ӧİ˧ֱ׳˵
ʲôʱӦˣǬȫûӡ
һ㣬԰θһ˵ôСϻ̫Ҫ˵ǴĶӦҴ˵һ¡ȻӦˣܸ˵ӣ綼ӦˣҾ;ⶫʺãӦÿǮ˧ϵ˵
ˣ£
ǵʱǸ˵ܵʵϣû֣˵Ҫһʵڹ
ңΣ˧ʱҪǸʽ¿ʽģ˵ǬڹÿһΣҲϽеˣ
ûУ˧ϣԴϴҪһ󣬾һֱڣЩ¿ʽҲ棬ȥһġǰ
Ǭɲ˧ˣ˵ϣĿɲ֪أ
һһãǬͷһãһãΣ
ţ˧ûһôǸղ˵ĻֺСݵµһò͵£Ȼ֪ô˧ϣǬĻҪ˵
磡˧ֹһãȻǬ˵ðɣܴܵˡԺһһ磡
˧ˣǬЦʲô˰Ҿҡ뿪׬Ǯ׬£粻ۺ죡
ģ˧ˣ
Ǭܴ󷽵豭һţܵݵĸоˬ
ˣһǮģ
˺һˣûڶ˽Ҳ̫ˣô׬Ǯ
ȻǬҪ𱬵˼޳ܡε˲õˣǲоϣôô˼أ
˧һָֻ
ԡǬϰ߲¡
ᡣ
Ǭ۾һɣպȽˮۡ
˧֣֮
һðһæȥ˧
˧޹ؿŴ磬Ҫ
޹ðҲ̫ˣ
һֵǧԪһǧԪӵǬҽԺǧᣬξȻҪһᣡ
һõľϣʮͭǮһᣬҲ̫˰ɣ
Ǭˣղ˵Ļţҿͦõġ
䵭ǵ͵겻ţųĵꡣ
˧ϵĲˮԹضǬ˵ղ㻹˵ۺأ
Ǭһɣϰˡ
һǬʡ
⻰һõġɵشʱʱ
ⲻƽһһµһǧˣ
˧ֲ࣬Һһô
磬ʵⲻġαһȥҸľһۣԼҵˣСܻҪ鷳͵ǮҪǮ۵أ˧ߵ
⻰Ǭš
Ū̹ᣬˣ
磬С׬ǮȻ˴硣ʵСܻһ⣬ܸ׬Ǯ˧ͻȻĵЦ


177 ϻ
ЦôģΪأ
ǬԶһЩʵʲô⣿
ϡ˧ָһ֡
ûǬѲ豭һţǵ֧ó
˧ͷһڣָָ豭裡
裿
ǬͷһһͿ̻ˡ
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˧һһǮĺѣ⣬׬ǮǬתһȦ˾ˣ
ٷֳɣʵ
˧ΪǬˬˣ֣һһ롣
ֳɣ
ǬĽɫһƷߣִøרѡ˧̼ң׬Ǯ̼ҵģǬ޹ءִõϷС˵˵ǬϷĿߣС˵ߣ˧Ӫ̣ķֳɣ֡Ǭġ
֣˧󷽣
ãɽǬӦˣҪʲô
˧ָŲ裬˵軹ҴĸõģԼȣҲûжൽĵز˵磬ŵдˣݵˣóġҿɲҹҪԴҪô̵ܵˣ
ţˡ˧зִ硣ǬġѾŪȫʹãó򣬾͵ʹĶˣûֻ÷⣡
û⡣ֻѳʱ䣿Ǭһü
С˵£ʳɸ轳һˣȥϽһ̾ͳˡ̫ȥ˳裬ڹ﷢һηͳˣܹⷢ衣
ţСãǬӦˡ
Ǿ˵ˣ˧Ц磬ȥһεԿĵӣж룬Һøֺ죡
һùɵӦ£
Ǭһ֣ǰʲˡԺİɣ
ã˧Ц˵磬ɩСȥ¹ӣ
˧ȥһҽС¥һιӣع·ϣǬ嵶͵Ц
ţʲô͵أ
Ů飬ǬǲʲôˣţȻˣ
Цɶ
Ӻÿһ᲻ӣЦ
Ǭҡͷš
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ԶľϣΪλ̫ţҲ̫ɡϾǮټලκ̫ء
ǰ̫һŵˣڵеϲʫģٰһЩʫŻᣬЩҪöȻ嵳ΪûǮ˶Ρ
ǬһԽˣûǰ̫ô࣬Զ»˵ǮȻʵġΪŮĿϵܳ
ںˣ˶룬лʵЧׯӣԺ󶫹Ǯˣ
ţ嵸˵ԭ
Ȼ˵ǰ̫ӵӼû˵ȫףǬµģĿǽԼԽʱġǴϵ˼
Ǭ֪ǰһ
ͻȻ뵽ǰţʹûΣ͵͵ǮҲǵģȻȥˡЩ˼ˡ
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СҶôûȥ˺ĸʲôʱȥߣǬ۰е˵
һϲǬӦһţҸȥ̨δʷоĸһˣҲȥ
ãʱ䡣ٽҡӦ
ԺڲͣǬĴʱ䡣
ҡѺͿһӰ˹ˣǺ㣡
ɶǬ˴ȵ
˵˵һŶ
Ǭһ£ǻʺˡ
Ҫ¥Σд˵
ʵҲǬЧ̫ãʺĻһã
边Ȼ߸ˣԼǷ̫ˡ
ŶҽǬӦˡ˳ó㡣ұ
ӹ󣬴ؿǬһۡ
ţ⣬һŮ·ĺͻȻյŮ͵ȻӦ

һŮ֡
С££ʥּأ


178 
ʥּҪġ
ΪһǬʥּǬҪһϴּ̬Ҫ
չǬˣùˡ
վͿˡ
ʥּϵĻ˵øƵģǬôģһֱͷŴּ̫ʥּˣ嵸һ¡
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Ǭεʱ򣬴ּ̫ѾȥˣûˡĻǳã˵ʱ֪ȵ֪Χûˡ
ղѾӦˡ뷴Ѿûˡ
ûǬ;ȥϿˡ
ԺǬˣ߼˿ڵƤۣûĸоˡˡԱСĵؿţһ·߻Ժ
һɫûУǬ·ˣҲףһ念ߵ磬˵أ
ǬһָۣܹС§ţţС¿ʵǹ§弡ĽӴף·ˣ
ʺԴ˺¥κѾˣÿ첻һ»أ߿һ»صĸӣģߣ
߸һͷʹΪ֮
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£ϸһڲ񣬲񷴶ǸϸιԻҩκ
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Ǭ͵תͷ㣬ȥС棬ң
һϰһȥˡ
ǲ˵ˡǬߺһ
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һʺ˶ļڣ˶ǺԵرгɾ͸СŮ˶Ա˶ʱ㺹ļӹ⻬ָز
˶ȫģе鷳ˣ·νµĴȫʪˣ˻Ҫȥϴ裡
ϴˣ˯ˣǬᴭ˵
嵻ûػ꣬ڰ״̬ûǬĻҲû취ش
˰ΣŻعˣϾͱճճĸоŪòˣǬһȥϴϴ
㴩ϼ·ߵſڣͻȻסˣԺ󰡣㿴Ŵ˸
嵹һһȻſڸλö£һģһֱò԰ף㤵˵ɾ᲻Ūģ
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182 ̼Ů
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183 ˣడ
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184 ڡ
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ԱߵĹΪС˵СĻȴֻһãĵ֣



198 ˡ
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»أǬ󵨵˵͸ڵʱ򣬴ü޹ȥǶ裬أ»ʻһʢȨҪȥάʼ볤ҵĹϵҪδĻʵ棬Ϊ»ʻῴһŮ˵϶һȨԵļ𣿡
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ˣ棬չȥһǰ첻һ̫ѹֽôԭǹŵİôи·
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207 
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209 ͵ϳŮ
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嵹ȥȰ˻ʺЩûʺʱ˻˵ȫ·
Ȼ嵷Żʺ˹
ŮǬæȥŻʺߵͤá
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ǰĴúӣۿģ»ʺĸСϻûûˣ黹ڸղϷˮȤС
̫ʱˮأʺҲûнʺҲһŮĹŴ˼ˡ
վʺǰ棬ͷŻʺѵ
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Ǭ̻ġҪ˵ǬԹȥŮǣֻȽ̻嵣嵽̴ˡǺܿ춼ѧӾôӾŮ
ڻʺŮҪؾأҪׯô¶´ôƬ·ˮϷˣʲôˡ
ʺ˵ʲôͷϴǬҲϴ
Ǽϴ̬ãʺ΢΢˺ԺſڷܽһˣǺ㣬°ˡ
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ŮˮرߣʺԺ˵Ůôܵˮأ಻ӡ
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Цˣ
ӣû÷ӴˣĸҲ̫ʧˣ
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ʺ·ʱ䣬Դ˵ĸ磬Ϊȥײ飬ĸѾ˵ˣҪ޵䣬ҪʮԺˣԸ⣿
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ߺߣҲ֪ǬôģЩܵöΧתʺͭһ˵
嵿ʺеǬ˼ΪǬڽ͡˵ĸ㲻Ҫִںǵģ
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ʺԺһȥ˿̫Ӿװ˧ƣ֮ͻȥˡ
ڻʺߺҲ뿪ˣǬǱʱ˵Ȿͽ׸ˣ


222 ˡ
Ǭˣ
ûٴεĻеΣ
Ӿɣһ£ǺӱȽʻһ㣬ˮ󣬱ˮһͺ׸ðˡ
ر˵һ¶ҪһβȥӾһ
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ôˣǬͷͷ˵
硭һ±ӣܡ
ţ֪ܿͻģǬ˵
ʺԱߣ۾ǬһۣˮӾ
Ǭù˲ıˮʱʱһ±ӣҪſ֪ǿױӶˣͷıǿһ£ˮ˳
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ԺüĿ¶Ľ֮ɫ
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㿴ҩȥˣһЦҵһθǿҩأС㲻ȡ
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𣬶ƽʱˣƽʱͺˣҲ⡣Ǭ
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һǴӹͳȥ͸ģиϰߣϲϴŵĶóˣ弫пϴģʺôûмĶأ˵죬Ǭסˣ
ûʺ֪ʶ˳㣬˳壬ϵһӾͻᱻʺֻĸ뵽ˣ
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ŶڶźÿġǬ˵Żѻҿ嶼һѵĸҲһǺǡ
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Ǭ֪ʺ֪ͳļ飬ԵʱǻʺֻһˣֻһˣɸˮҲǻʺѡģʽԵģ嵽ǬϾͲԵǻˣɼʺֻжߣж׼˹
ǬеĻԺͱݣڻʺǰСϷѣԽкͳɾ͸жѡ
һ仰Ǭһȫ̬ȣȫҽڡ
ǧһʱ̣ܽһˣԲӡȦĳɹҪʳɹ֪ҪݶȦЧ
ĸĸ󡭡
ʺһţǬϵɭȻʧ˾ͷûصӡ


223 ԭ
ĸҰǱʽ˸ʣʺúõؽһأЩ˵
ӣȲСɡ
㸸ôͷʺʡ
ʿΪ֮ǶǣΪ
еˣѹӸ˳ˡ
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ӵͷС硭˵һ룬ͻȻһ˸磡
ǬæסѣǬ쳣аȫУֻһ۾ֱ˯ˡ
㲻Ҳð˰ɣʺĵӡ
ҡͷûУ⼸쳣ͷ硣
Ǭ⻰ˣӶ˸磬漴ĲôģӸȾģ
棬ӴĸȾĵطͶˣֿ֣ãûѲȾˡ
»شʱһҪٶű˴ˣᴫȾ˵ģȻҲҪԼ죬ȥĲֽˡڿȥŪͽȥˮȰɣǬ˵
ΪʲôûӲ˵
⼸ҪǰһܣȻͻᲡˡǬ˵
ʺǬĻٿһеˣ˵ȥȥ
ʺĻʲôãûӵ裬ϵͷŶһ˳ȥˡ
ʵ飬Ҫ㸸ˡʱ𼱣ڵ¡ʺԤϵ
˵º󣬻ʺǬ˵飬Ҳûлͷˣû˸ղŵǸգ˾Ͳ˵ˡ
һֱǬ˯ѹž˯źöˡ
һֶ࣬һҩˮˣǬιüͷһںüͷϲɫġ
ҩôģ
Ǭ㣬תͷ
ֺһڣЦǵġ
һ죬˹죬Ȼ˵㲻˵ҪҩɲĲб𣿡
Ǭһǿţбˡ´ǲҪ̫ˣðȵҲãɲǡҩֻ࣬ԵĲ̫˵һЩҩÿˮ壬ǲ̫ãζͻһ㣬Ҳƻ̫ҩЧ
գգ۾һͷȻܵˣȥˡ
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ȥͳ˵һµġ⻰ͻ˼
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ϵʱǬָ˵粻Ҫߺòã
⻰ǬһʹӦˡ
嵹ʱǬ¸ˡǸˣ⻰Ȼֵ֧ġǬ嵵˽Ǻܳ׵ģĸ飬Ǭ˽Ȼ֪ʲôԸоԣĿҲֵֹġ
ָ㣬Źȥ߰찡ʱ䲻ʱ򰡣Ǿ͹ˣѵĵ飿
Ȼʣû˵ǬԼҪһɵĿռ䣬Ҫʲô鶼̹ףԾûˡ
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ƽʱ˯һģǬˣ£һܿ˯ˡ

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ŶŶŻ˯Ц˵˯Ǭ콲й½̸ģѾͷѧˡ
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д
ŶǵôˣдôƯ֣ǬĵĿ䣬ΪǬһдñá
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224 ƴ
Ǭʱ֪Ǹථµĺӣղú󣬾֪Լҵϰ
ǬҪǿˣӿεʱӿεĲҵļһ
㣡Ǭ˵
ֽϼǵǧĵǰʮ䣺ƣġˮԡ
м׶׼ǵ֣ӯ꾵ġ꾡zeųġšyuڶЩֶֻ˵Ѷ̫ˡǬڽһȻûмסͿԿ
z֮e񣩡꾣Ǭƴƴ᲻ס
ţ̧ͷؿ
ˣƴһֽƴĶֻҪѧ˺󣬾Ϳƴκˣòã
ƴôãɵ˵
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ᣬ֣أdixuanƣhuangǬһд˺ü֣ƴ֣ǿƴκθֵģƴֻжʮѧ˺ͿԶǧˡ
һͷ飬˵ѧƴ󣬾ͿⱾһһֵȫˣʱҿ˵Сͯ
۾ԱǬ˵ջϹˣģ
û㿴һЩȫעƴ֪ЩƴȫǲǣǬù۱ʣȻⱾûע⿴ʲôĴͷһҳעƴ
ðҪѧӦˡ
Ǭһֽãǿʼѧaoeiu
ŲüŶ˫С˵
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ԭգգ۾Щˡ
Ǭ֪۵ĶѧģʵĶȴǺѧûѼʽذеĸĸȫʵķʽƴ뺺ֽϵؽ̸
СʱʦѼʽĽЩƴϣŶдǺڰӣǬˣʦõĻ䣬رʼһοαֻƴûмֵ¡
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ѧʱѧǸ뷨˵Ҫȱָٱ֣֣룬˫ִ룬ȵһ͸ӵҪ۶Ǭֻǰѽ̴̳ͷβһΣȻһָڵˣһһСʱʹˡȥʲôָǺǬ֪ʵĶѧģ۵Ķȫ棬ٺҲѧ
ǬдһЩ򵥵ĺ֣硰󣬲һּ򵥣ƴҲ򵥣Ȼƴź̸ֽʶЩˣǰƴ磬׺ܳɹܿͽ̻üĸĸ
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ѧһͻȻ뵽һ⣬ʵǴ磬ѧƴȴ֪ʶֵƴôдô죿
ţǳⲻʶ־ҪǬСѧʦһ˵
˵һ룬иŮ˽Ǭ˵ū澼̫ӵ£ʺټ£
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ת˵ⲻʶ֣ԺôעƴͿԶˡ
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ĸŮһʺŶǬ˵㸸ʻȥǸղȥһ飬ҪǶĶ࣬õǵһôóӦߣʱ顣Ƿ֮⣬󣬴Ӧ˾˼ҵĻ£ҪһͻȻֵķɾջأǺܲģҪڷɳǰȺ˾˵
Ȼ˵ʲô˾˶ӦҪС˾Թޣ
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⻰Ǭһ£ŸоѹʺҪһڻ飬ϹȥҪǬ˵


225 ڻ顿
裬ұСǬΪѵ˵
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Ļǲڻˡ
û뵽ʺȻˣˡǬǵļ˳飬ֻεشӦã˵ǣ
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Ǭȥӭ˾ˣʺе
Ǭ˳һӾ˾˺͵ı磬ЦӭǬ˾ˣ磡
Ӿ˾˺ͱ绹Ծ֮ԣȼ̫ӵ¡
ĸ󲻱˾˺ͱ£ǬȥǬ˵
˽󣬻ʺӾ˾˼ҳֻһͨļͥۻһ㡣ͱͷתתȥģƽʱһʺͻѴδ޸ȻСھüȥģţص˵ͱһڼüŪۡһλʺȴûндͱЩϰˡ
ʺûע⵽ͱһֱغӾ˾죬һ󣬹ѻǬϣӾ˾Ҳ֮עŵǬϡ
Ǭ״̬ǳãܻϣûͻڻ飬̸ӵĸŮղ顣
Ŷ£Ӿ˾һ㶣Щϵ飬Էǳߣ񣬿Ǭ
ǰĵܵС˺ĹȣͷԷȣͻȻ뵽ҪһºСͬĸŮǲ鲻֪һһʮµĸŮĳףÿͻΪѲһԽСĿԾԽ󡣱˵ʮµŮͻأǬ˵
ǰٷ֮ʮûǰԭֺõУʮµĸʼӽʮˡ˵ʸˣ˵ˡǬǿһʮ꣬Ǵõ䡣
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ĵܰǱ׸˸ʣʿ˴Ϊ𾪣ĵһأ˵ʲôΪ֮ǶǣΪ֮Ǭ˵
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Ӿ˾һ㶣ȴûӾ˾˵ĵУǬĻЦŻصص£ѾʮһˣС檣Ҫȳֹ֮гֹ
ҴûʮءǬһ¡
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ǡǬȻͳ˳ȥ
˳ȥ棬Ǭһ̸̫ӵ³ȥ¿Ƿǳϲ򰡣
ԣŷǳϲеԼҲһ֧ˣȻɨȫǺǡǬЦ
Ҳųҵӣ˵ǷǳϤġ
̼ҵӵеɨ򳡵˼Ҷڲʲôأ˵
š
̫ӿ֪ʲôص˵
ӣ֪Ƶġ
ʲôǬ˵
˼ӳ鳣Գ鳵ľǳÿζһõ򣡡ߵ˵
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˵˳̼ҵգв˼ˣа۵˵
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ŶҲ֪Ǭ֪ʺͣͲͳ̸ˣ򣬡˱磬ӵϣҪЩʲôأ
Ŷ̫ӵҪ齨Ӱ˵Աƥѵ˵˵˵
ǬôõҲ˽˺ܶˣرǳеСӳǬԱԳ³ģҲûٸɻ
˵˰ΣӾ˾˴˳ˣɫеơ


226 ס
Ӿ˾ˣͱˡ
Ǭ棬ʺƽ
ĸ˵ô
⻰ǶʵģʺӾ˾֮ǰ˵ˣʺ˵ʲô˾˶Ӧģǻʺĵλġ
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Ŷô˵ģǬԼӦʺѧϰһ£ݵˣʺȻô̵ʱ͸˵ͨˣ⹦̫ˡ
ؿ˾˵ˡҿɲıײܳ׵˵µĶû˵У˵ڻ飬˵ȥˡҾ˵Ϊҳ룬˼ʷ˵ʺε˵
Ȼ˻ˣǬʡ
ֻǵһǶϷ֮ǰǰ׼꣬Ҫڻ飬Ȼһٶֻͨ͡һͨڷ磬㸸鷨ɺôҶӦˣʽѻȡܱסҵ棬Щô˵ҲΪӦµķɣʺͷ˵
ͦ鷳ġڿ˸ͷõĻѾǬĸ¸ı˹켣ˣ
ǿͦÿģôˣʺǬʵ
춼ʺʵûشˣǬȻǿˡû뵽ʺôϸģҲˡ
ʵ˵Ǭϲˣ͸ǬضҪˡǺһγ㿴Ǭûд壬ͲˣвǬһȥʱûͲҪ˵ǬֻóˡΪԼһһ첻׾ǵģǬ͸ɴ춼š
Բϵʱ򱻻ʺ󿴵ˡ
˷˰ɣǬ˸ڣ˵ˣһҪȥأˣ
ʺЦʲô飿
ͷҫһᣬһᣬأma裡
ʺһ㶣ʲô
ƴҶƴأֻҪѧƴʲôأ
ôĸд֣ó𡣡ʺùʣֽдһ֣Ȼ֡
ȥϳݺ
ҧ촽飬̧ͷǬ˵磬עƴ
ǬǺһЦ߹ȥ˿Ц˵мֻûн̹ƴ⼸ע
ǬƴǸղŽ̹ĸĸ֣עƴ
Ǽƴĥһ˵˵ȥǿ裬һ䣬ݺ
һʫ˸߰˰ˣеݺֱȽѣȻܶˣûʺܳԾͷ˿ǬעƴȻʣʲô֣
ƴĸĸƴֵǺмǧȻٸҲ̫ҪʶЩ֣Ҫÿÿֵʹ֪ôƴ󣬶ʮƴͿƴеǬʺƴĺô
ŶĥƴˣʺЦЦƴֱôעƴѵֶעƴƴͱֶ࣬һֽעƴͲԭһˣ˷Ѱ
˵ƴôСĺãѣƴסоǿ԰еֶעƴȻһֵ䣬Ϊ飬ʶֿԵֵ顣Ǭ˵
ʺֽ˿Ŷ⵹Ǹð취ҪȥǽɣǱˣ̣ҿ
ǬֻҪ׷ͺˣֽͱʣˡ
ܻܣڻʺĻˡ
˺ҩ֭ĲԺ࣬ʱҪǬȥߣǬͱضȥˡ
嵿ˣǳˡڶϣҪ㣬ҪǬˣҪغȥסǬҲҪȥȻ˯
Ͼ˯ڶɣ嵱˵
Ǭν˵ð
ضǬ͸оǹֵֹ⣬⣬Ϳ
ˣǬͻȻ֣󣬺ûʲôܵĶɬû
ⲻǬһ
Ǭ˴󣬿ڴ棬м;ˣ
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227 ̫
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УҪѹ˾Ͳˡ嵺ܼȻ˸棬Ǭˡ
Ǭһֻ÷ˡ
ڶ죬˺µСһﾫڴȥ˯ߵ嵺Ǭˡ
Ǭһֻص죬ȥϿΣѧԹ緹ȥ
ǽ˵С
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˵㵸ҲҪȥҲҪȥ
嵶һЦǰÿԱأ
ˣǬû˵ˣȫ˵ˡ
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Ȼͷʹˣȥˣͻͳ棬ʱҲͳײʱô죿
Ǭܵ⣬˵ȥ׼һλ׼ͳ̼ҵһ̼ҵλҲȻһ̼С·
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ȻѶȺܴ󣬵Ÿ־ȥˡ
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ǸӼС㣬嵻ûŪãĳһֻСһߴߴĽˡ
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ۣǬҧѣ⻰ζסˣһ˳סˣҧס⣬ǹ֭ȴˡ
ڶ̫һͷ
Ǭľ޴ӦһҲȣȻֵر飬óһݸ̫óһǬ졣
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ϴЦ˵ų̹Ǹܺÿ˶¸ּǿܴų̼ҵӺɨ򳡣ڼµ·أһҪһλ̹
ôâ¶©ĻǬϵĺëˣ
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֪ģֻߵˡһֱǬߣһ¾֪ˡ
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ĨĨᣬ˵Сֻ˵˵ƽʱСһ򣬻ҵ֡ûͼӴˡ
Ǭʣ嵵ǱߴǱʲô
ûˡǬŷſ
ȻܵһĸŮһ㣬ǬӲͷƤˣ
һ㲻ҪɩӺòã㱧ҵĲӣȻҸѳŶں
ãһֿûУϴӦ


228 սɹ
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߸ߴǬֵʱһʱͷˣ˵ػֵ
Ǭһ£е㲻ǰȥ
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ǬδڣǰһЦҷؼҺ󳣳ĳ̹ɣϣǼҵ
ϣһܳ޺Ůˣֻϡ˵ֱӱԼǬˡûʲôΪǬţһǼˡ
û˵ҼСùҲûŵ˵ٻǵŮ˵ԾǸһּ࣬Ů
ǱŸŮȥСʾȨһ㣡
Ǭ⻰ͷͺˣΪһˣܵľʱ򣬼Ůмܵʱ
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㶼ˣվλ׼ս
嵲УĸһЦ
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ʱҡͬѧİ첱ӣµҪԣҪԡ
һЦذһѷŽ˶Ժϲˡ
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΢΢ǬһɨǬϡŶĳˣֻþˡ
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ðǬп֪࣬ǸŮˣװٴıƣҲֻؿԲֳĿ⣡嵿İûбӵİ
սĺŽǣ嵹Ͻ£ţҷһŶյˣ컹һֽƴĶأֻҪ̻ǵʲôʫ飬Ͽڣͯأ
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ŶƴעͺֵĶжʮţע֡ƴĶҪͨ׻е㳤Ǭ٩٩̸һϡ͵һŮĻҩζ
ЦúܲãͷǬ˵
ͻȻǬоԼұߵһʹ˵ˣµĺ֡
ǬƴĽͣҴҽꡣ
ۣŵ˵ƴôɲԽأ
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ţţֻѧֻͯŶɰ˵
һǰԺŮˣҷŶ
ǬߵһʹµĺֻʹǽҵŮ


229 ս
Ǭôؼҵģ
ˣ
һ߶ˣܵǿҵĴݲУﻹȥסôؼҵأ
صӭ˶ЦԵģȫһȴǬ֮⣬ҲǬ˵Ǭ˵Ҳġ
ţΪһ̫ӣôᱻһ̫أ
ʵⶼǬĹͣǬԴӴԽ󣬶嵰ٰ谮嵸ԼѳҲסǬĹ߰ʹӵ̲ס˹ԣǾǬıˡ
ǬԱƣѵԼҪ٣ĸʹĸ
˰ɣԼУңҴ˰
ֲٳһЦŶ˵һƻŽСһȥһˣˣһȫûˡ
ⲡأڼܣ򼸸ˣѲɢңһ㣡
õ佱ֵõʵݵĺô˼ˣ찡ҧסƻ⡣
ٸɩɩ˯òã˯úɣҲ˯Ŷһջ˵
ð˵صͷ
Ǭһɲá
嵵֪ǬȣΪΪȻǬҪ˵һ¹ϵĻᶼûˡ
һ죬ǱƺиӦһߣ۾΢תɨ˹Ǭϰ͸ˡ
ǬɲԴȥɢɢȻɢ˺ȥ˻ʺ󣬴ĸ֮䣬Ȼϲĸ״һ𣬶һʺ˯ϵر嵡
Ǭƨƨߵػضȥˡ
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ϴλʺС¸Ǭ嵶ûбֵôе⡣Ǭ֪嵴ӳϸовˣ
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ŶȥǬ죬Ӧ


230 С
ǬϴѾϴ˯ˡ
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λ֮ҵģǬᶨ˵
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㣬ţƣɣԣʮֲϡ٣Ǭֱ֪жͬ11ıŪȥĻ¶ҲζĶɣ
ץЩҩȥǬйϼһһֱԱߵĵصǬץ󣬸ҰЩҩĶĥɷĩˡȥء



231 ¶ˮ
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ҩĿ԰һһı䣬ҩķĩ;֮ıǶ٣
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дȻȥʵٿЧ
ʮ
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ʳǬųѾǼֲˡ
Ǭδô˺ôණе档
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һеԺӸҡǬʳ˵
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СϺ˺ֻ˵һЩҡͣѣҲûʳʲôõϢ죬ֻõǬŪ֪ˡ
ϴǬûȣһ׼ŲţһսУ˸˯ء

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һʤߣҪͳ̹ܶӽܾŶСϻ˵
Ŷô˵ҲҪˣܾͣˡ
ҪȥɡǬ˵
治ȥ
ȥˡһǬҲҲˣǸá
ţˮɵһã


232 ɹ
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Ǭ򿪾ƿһº󣬸˵غ
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ĸǵ·Ļ¶ˮź͵һ׸ĸû뵽ĸټˡѵĸҲ֪˵·˻¶ˮ𣿡嵴óƿµĻ¶ˮƿϲɫصݸʺ
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ȵĿȾԴǬЦ绨á
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һ˶˺ܴҪˣȨˣ˵̡Ǽ˿̵رɵĻ̵ڽɣ־ᶨϾͻᱻջ˵İ
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Ŷһ㾡Ҳ˰
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236 ʧȥơ
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237 ھ
˵ǶмϸǬѹ˵
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һ˵˵еôԵĶһ۾ܿˡ
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룬װģҹ׷ʵ
Ŷ롭˵˵ϿΪʵǣſۣóõģ
Ǿ񣬾


238 ̫ӱ¶ˡ

ΪնʵͲӵʱȫб´Ӯ
ɼϸ֪˳̹ڶӵĲ֮ͬϣǰȴûϳȥãǵ˽ھ֮սʱóá
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239 Ǳӡ
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ĸһһ㶵ģӦ˰죬ǲףСƿʲô
Ϊ˵Ǽٵġ
ٵģĸɴ۾̫ӡ˵ô̫ӣǣ
Ϣһϲһ𣬳ĸ뵽˹ؼĵط˵СƲʶ̫ӣȻ̫Գ磿
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ĸΪеʽŪеͷ󣬡ŮΪûȥ˺þã˵ȥġȥˣȴû뵽ү˵̫ʲô˵ǼǴɱ֣ôŮһأ
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ү̫ӣĸŵ˵̼Ҹɲַˡ
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ȥſڸ˵˵̫ӵ£˵Ǹʲôˣ˭ϲӲأҹаյȥˡ


240 Сӵ˼
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ΪԱڷĳ㣬ʵȥˣò򿪷ţϵŹǬһҲŹԼһ
ŮڳˣҹһϲѲȥվŮȥ
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㿴ϳ뿪ղϳǬĸֻղʱ򣬻ýأһӶǬĺҲϳ̵ийˡϳ̫ˣΪǬίȻҲôôǬһһȻʱе㷴һͨ˻Ǻõģ̹ڶӳıߣôõ͸͸ôǲƾõϵһأ
ͻȻԼ˽ǬᣬõΪֻ뵽͸뵽׸ϡ벻͸Ӷϳ̽׸ϣֻҪˡ
뵽Цһ¡
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Ůڿ˵ʱͻԷĺôʱǬʵҲ˵ֻǴһӻˡԼұʱ˵˴ɱˣɵ죬ô˵ԼұǱģͱɵ̫Ӻûϵɣ
ʲôûϵһڳ
һ̧ͷһһ΢ЦĴųС
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Żˣ
ĸЦߣЦղſЦֳӣôˣ˭ûϵ
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˧ܸˡ
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ȻҲʱ򡣱̩ӣΪõĳ谮Ҫȥء
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ԣװسġ
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˧һĻᣬԼȡʱڳ


241 ױ
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242 
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׷ͣס˻عͷԴ˧ͷ¶ʹ֮ɫǬվ棬޹ʶ״
˧һæַſٺһЦʾû¡
׷ӲתƴֵĹϵô˵˳
Ļˣ⻰۾һ


243 ֵ乤̡
ϳ̲ǸĻˣⳬʱƴʶʲô
վģָ˿ٱǿס
Ǭ˧һ˸ۣϰ֣ĲҰ
Ϳ׷ӽһͬ˿׷ӵҪȻÿ׷Լ׳Щ׳ÿȥǬһƴΣѧϰͿʼռеĺ֣עƴдֵ䣡
鰲ˣһֱͷķȻҪһǬˡ
Ǭӹһ壬е㲻ˣղŵֺ챦ʯð
֪ǬǬ󣬵˵ǲǵĳһֺˮ͸ĸˣ
˵¶ˮǬͷ
ţлƿʡ˵
ǬɵؿҪ¶ˮʲô
ĸҪĸȻҪˣ˵
Ǭ⻰֪һҪʺһƿǻʺֻ˵ТġǬ첻ôҲȥǬġ
Ǭ˿ϵ壬С˵ʣҾøղŵĺèرÿ㿴⡭
ͷһǬʾ壬üͷһթӵ
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ǬһڣǸӻһεܶԿģԻҸȥʰɡȥ˰ɡ
ǬǸӻʱ˵ػص˳̸һЦһҪӭĹܼҸ˸ţŵˣ
ϳһ˦ܼңһؽ˸ڡ
ͳĸڷ˵ϳϳˣȥ󣬾ŵһŨɢĻζ
һϲζԴıᶯ
ˣϷζϳ̸˵Ц
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ͳĸζԴ󣬾ϱ©Ƶ˱ᡣʱ˾⣬С˵үϸһǵõ˱µɵүҪˣ
ͳĸĻٿһȫϳ̣ˣ
ĸһүĸŮô찡
ϳƺȥһҵǸͷļҶͷϣҶزҽһͷˣ
ʲôɣϹ˵ϳ̺ߵ
㿴˿֣ǲҪɵӣŷģȻʵǵôô㣿
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Ѿл¶ˮˣǽл¶ˮƿˣΪˡ
ϷӸ¶󣬴һ̫õģأһɿڣϳ̸˵˵
ӹƿӣʣһˮˣغšǶ̫ģĶ䶯һ¡
ôǿյģˣôôصζϳ̣ʵ
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Ǭ֪ϳ̾Ȼѻ¶ˮˣ֪ʲô뷨ֻ»Цˣϼһã
Ǳ͸СƵġϳ̴óǿź챦ʯ˳㡣
챦ʯִǹŴŮ˵ѡ񡣳챦ʯ۾ؽ˹ϲòˡĸ۾һĽԼǳĸףҪˡ
үô͸Ůһôèأĸϳʵ
ϳһ̯֣ڸ¶ޱȾ˵˳ĸͳ˶Цˡ
ĸ̫Ҳ湻ģ
۾תת
СϣҲ۳̼ҵģĸ˵
̫Ӿ̫ˡϳ̴óɸˮ壬Ұⶫֻˣ
㿴һ㶣ȻԹô԰˼ͳȥĶҪأ


244 ʯƱ
˧ԴӱǬһûҹǬˡ
˧˵ˣ
ǬСϻ̫Χһ趫Եû죡
զˣǬ̧ͷ˧һۣʵ
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˧֪ڷʲôͼմɫҺֻɰС֣һǣǵ˵ҵģҵģ
˵ʲôأ˧ǬǰȲˣ
ѩ⡣Ǭ˵ҪԵĻ졣
ѩ⣿˧һ㶣㶫ַʲôˣ
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ǺεͲׯ룬쵽˷ֺˣĿһ¡˧˵
Ǭһʱֺˣǣ⵹ǿ찡һ¹ȥˡ
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УùܼǮ˧Ӧ
ǬعͷȥСһԵýζ˶Ҫ˽ˡǬСĵ㰡
Сϻһѩһ߻ص֪
˧ͷʣ磬ǳԵʲô
ѩ⣬̣ǽһȻѩ⣡
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ܡǬҡͷ
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˧ȻˣҲȥҴôɰãǺĵؿװȥġ
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ɴ۾ҪС֣ÿøһЩ쵽һߣȴͣסˣħϣԲҴ
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˧ס̫һֱֻ֣Ȼ򿪣еİɫĩӹ˵֪ˣԣ
Сϻ۾һû뵽ôͱ˧ʶˣһأûˣ
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˧Ҳûɳʵףؿ˿ٿһͭѩ⣬ʵʯѩһ𣿡
СϻһЦ˵Ȼܰʯӵѩǿ԰ʯŵľˮѩͭͿԶѩֲʯˣ


245 ޡ
Ŷͦɵİ취˧˿µһװľ裬Цˡ
Ȼʣ˵ʯӣѵǳԹ
⻰̫ɫȱСϻٺЦˣڿϷʱ򣬾ͺʯˮȥˡ
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ڸ˵ʲôʱͰӻطȥˣɵø취˧̬˵ʯģҵȻˡ
Ǭֵ˵ȥزͦɵģ
øʲôزģֻúܣгð竣žͺѵģҪȥԺȥԺðؿûЩ˧ſˮ
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԰ɣˡĸر䰮ⶫԲԣʱֻһƿǷǳҪڶƿһҸҪҲ֪ûУƿڸʣ͸˹ˡǬ˼ۣ˰ɡ
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˴磬˵ΪõĻ²ŪЩģ˧ʵ
Ǭһ°ͣ˵ΪúãҲΪµӺã

Ǭ˵һΪµӺõʱ򣬸¶ڣϣΧһŹɴ󳼣һʱͷؿš
ǰӵղģʽչĸȫղ飬¼ҪǱҪö࣬ʱҲԵغ˲١
ǰ涼һһŮ֣ʵҲ֣ΪŮһ㶼û֣ǽСУųģʱϳʲôŮģ֡ݣôǿ۾ľˣҲʲôֻǿղܽᣬʮµĸŮޣһǰٷ֮ʮǲɶһ
Ƿؽܽᣬʮµļ޺ڣһʮˣʮʮ꣬һʮˣʮ嵽ʮ꣬һˣʮԺһ˲һˡ
ݣһЩʶ֮ڳԾͬʱҲʶʲô
ǿ󣬿˵ˣ˽ҪĴµ⣺˿ڣ
⣺ԺŮҪʮԺٳޣڼٸŮԱﵽٻָ˿ڵã
⣬йԱˣ


246 Ҫˡ
д۵ˣЩͳƵĸŮУд󲿷ѲģҲһԭġѲԭҲȫΪСɵģСطϵҽãивҽӶ顣Զͳгôߵʣеʧˡ
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ǻǸĴΪҪָƵ˿ڣǿᳫһġ
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247 òóˡ
ϵĲؽţ質̫飡
ƤݣµȪԡ
ǬһСʯͷbiuһʯͷУϵ
̫ˮð˳ץסһβðݵ㣬ҫ
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248 С˵
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254 䡿
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260 衿
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261 ֤ݡ
µ֤ݣһ֪ǲܸˡ
Ǭڲڰ鵽һʱͻȥˣҪȰߡ
ǬҪ׼ˣ̡
ǬﻹǼųԼģһϲˣǬһŻȥûȥ˧˧ת㡣
Ǭû۱ʣëʾͲ̫д֡ƽʱǬС´ʡдţһǲСдСдıʼ㿴ġǬʹëʣдһ֣дǬĿڶˣװŷˡ
ź󣬾ع嵱һšʡġ
̫ӳг̣Ϊ˻ȫ¼ң¼˶ǳжСãжǬİĽ֮⣬ڼҫԼ˵ģ
磬ǬһȥţѾˣһŵϣҪһܼţȻͻͷòᣡ
ٳʾ֤ݣһָ¼ҩ¼ҵչۼһɣһ̰ǮƵ֤ݣѾҵ˵¼չҩĵļǮˡ
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ǲԴˣһôг۰ڶҪ˵Ǯ̫ôԸ¼ǩԼˣǬʵ
ϵĽѵڲǬκλǶҪΪصİ
٣ȻΪ¼ҵҩĹˣΪλҪ¼ҩģʵ
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⣬¥飬Ҳһڵһʡҵʱľ¥ֵֵǮ
ȻҲǬĻͬⲶͷȥҩ˺;¥ˣвͷųȥʱ
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262 
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СϺںʣ̫֪̫ȥ̹ôҲֹأ
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壬Ǭڰһת壬ԼĺŵˣѹǬ档
μӱˮïʢǬȥģػʯͷô챡һ·ҪѪˡ
ৣһ֧䵽˰ϡ
Ǭ֪ղԼĻ֧᲻
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265 ˮ
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ʺµģȫԣ˱仯ˡ
ôҪҪ⼸ѳС׹Ȼᳫ鷨Ҫˣʺüëһ˵


267 ȫʱڡ
ŻʺǲڲƭǬӣҪǬ˳㡣
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274 ʺˡ
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ŵغһСڣܵܵćٺһЦ
˺һָܻˣ粻ôһ
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276 ϻ
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߰ĻʹȺħĹܣסˡ
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277 ̫ӡ
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Żʺ뿪ıӰڻʺԽԽѾϴεĲȫָˡ
ԭΪڴ϶ɥʧҲָˡ
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ȥ˳ĵΪǬӿζĲʿǣǬԽԽǬľˣʱĵǰĿⶼŵϣʱΧʹǵȫ죬
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279 ƴ
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˺þõţҲûš
Ǭ˵Ѿƺͻ¶ˮŵſ
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Ѿͻ¶ˮ򿪡


280 Ÿ

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281 һ֦ӡ
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282 ӡ
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ʺǬ˼άѾһ˽⣬飬ǴӴ룬Ǵ飬Ӹ˸ȥǡ͸˸޹غŻȥ֮ıֵ顣
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285 ԡ
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286 Ұ
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287 ϻ
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ͱŰʿһˣ


296 竡
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գգ۾漴Ǳߵˡ
߽ػ֮ǰᣬ벻Ҫػйһ˵
ʹʲôϵ΢°ͣʵ
ػһ㶣˵ղ·˷˵ʹûз
µļ֤ˣҲһˡϵ˵
磬ø߱˴ػóǬ
ǬѾԼһϷˣõĻʵΪʲô
߱ҪΪⷿҵĶӣȻץִפȥȴôػͲһˣڼңҪְȲϸ߾үңͳң඼磬Ǵȥˣ߱ҪֲҶԷŰֻ֣ܰػˡ÷
Ǭ˺ͷ⵹пܰػʱеðˣ
ҪȥѸ߱˽йǬ
õһͷ
ǬҪȥʱͻȻһִᣬǰĽȻǳ̴ǸܣŵǸ֪ξٱֻξٱ죬̴˺۾һɨٺЦӴʲô
п̴üëһ壬漴濪˵ĩУξУξȻˣǾЭĩһڽ˵ķŰȥ
Ű̴ʱ򣬸̴磬ոߵ۸ң
⻰һԱߵ˶֪ⷿҸ̼ҽãŰ̴Ľڳ̴ȸеλӻҪߵĽһӾͰѸղŶԳһѹˡ


297 ̫ѹ
Уξڰ칫£ĪҪ˽˸νˣѵ
̴һ֣ø߸ξѣĳҲ߸߸ξ仰
ǡӦһ
漴ºˣѳͷŰػȥ
̴߸ξΪҪŰػȥܵɣ
Űڽϴ˳壬ղִֶʿǴﻹСҪȥפһػûʲôֻΪ֤˴ȥһʶѡ˵
̴ٺһЦŰ޹ײ㲻ֹҪץҲ̫˰ɡСֵΪ֤ˣֲǷˣѵҪ߸ξʿץȥ𣿡
ѵŰѳ𣬸Ҵʿ𣿡г߲áȴԵػһˡ
̴ٺٵЦȴٸнһӣˣѳҴȥξٱ֣ϡ
ǬԶˣϴ̴ξٱɵ棬п¾ͻξٱϣɵˣ
ξٱֵжǸɵ棬󣬾ȥ
üëһȵ˭Ҷ֡ҹܵ飬УξٽױҸߣѵҵְ񲻳ɣ
ʲôְѵ㲻ִ𣬿ƤңǱߣ㲻ǹҹܵģְҲǹҹܵģ
Ǹְ滹д󽫾ڣ㻹ܲңв˵
ھ͹ܶˣ
ҾУξҪ˽˸ι棡
̴׵İһӴѵǰ칫𣬸ղŲ˽𣿡
ŰҲץѰ˽𣿳˴ҲҲһץȥ𣿡
ץץʲôһ̴ξٱֺȵʲôЩǸץȥ
ξٱӦǰ
ǰһ˵˭ҹ
̴˭͸Ҵſ£
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Ӵˣ㵱үү㰡̴һģȥ
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Կ̴ҹϵػ͸˵ˡԳ̴ֱӰˡǸаﳤң̴ߣȫǹٶ;ûһ£ⲻŹ֡
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ڳǴܿǼˣһŶûУ˵ȻеôǴ̫ݡӮӣ˺ȥ˵ġ
ܼ˵ЩӰ첻̫
ȻӰ죬ǬϷˣߣͳСϻ˵˭ʤ㣬ҾǸػӽȥ̴⹷һȭ
͸ҪԿˣСϻֵǸͷţһҾһ˾ܸɵˣοг̴أ
Ǭһָξٱ֣˵ɵô
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⻰˵ȴˣ۾˶һϣվżެˣǰǸ0šŶ»ޣެеС㡣
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ּ˵ֻ޳ЦݣһӴʹǬһӺ
֮ǰǿԼ˵ЦôУڱһ˿ˣǬͲˡ
ǰ滹ЦĸУ̴ôԽԽɵӰ
Ǭ¹ƣ˵ȥ
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ûЩ⣬ϸǬǰ
ʲôǬȵ
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һ·ŰȻ˳򸣣¬ϼ̫ӵ£
ʱҲعһμ̫ӵ£
ǬԷ˵𡣡
תͷ˺ȵ̫ӳΪ˽¶Ȩʵ̫ʧˣִȨΪάȶȨı˽壬Ľֲҿģڽ쭳ûе£ŰҪǱܽ飬ǻҪʲô㻹ҶִٱҾͲŷģˣѳͷŰؾףҪôɾ˵㣬кͳ̴ִפ˾췣
Ƣʵλв
̫ӣУ̴ôҲҷŰѹģȻӡ
ûгǬתͷػػʱȣ÷˵ûзӦõõһϱʵġܾػͷ˻ظɡ


298 СϻĻ¡
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˺ػǰǬһȻȥˡżӣӦȥҷѶӴӾȳ
˵ִʿʰǸҵˣӦǻسұˡ
ҵĳΪǬһͨܿͶ˳ˣϵ˶ɢȥˡ
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ǬĿһ⣬漴ЦǺǣެ˵ȻףǻлӣСϻ໥ֲĥѣⳤųȥǿǻ˵ϻҪǷŵˣǴҪСĲҪˣ
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˵˻ͱ˵ˡǬ°΢߰˵
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⻰ǬŲתͷһ˵ҴƵĹɲ޾ͼ޵ġ
ǻôƵı´Ӧѹ׵ġˣ⼸ջ߷һ´ԨĴܣһʹ̫ӵ¸˵ʲô0ʲô˼ġ»޶ǬıӰ˵
Ǭһ̣һ
»޵ӣǻǬڳ˵ĻûˡΪԼ֪ƵķԣǱܻ֪ҼԨһʡ
ǬԲȥʣŴִ֪ʻأ
СϻСϻںʹ˵㣬ڿʲôأ˶Զˣ
úߵС
ǲڿǸػСϻʵ
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ȥǳԲˣۿԴȥԡǬָָΧЩԼİգ¥ԶֻԺҪȥ¥Զ̫ˣ̫ҪԶ٣СϻҪԶ٣ã
Ҫ̶̵ָ̡̫
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ֲѹʵҲ̫ϲƤ嵰οõ
ǬЦˣⰲο˵ĻʵοﻹЧ
嵱ǬҴһۡ
Ǭߣ˵òھΣɩҵžͳˡ
һ˵ߺúǺЦˡ
ճۣ̫˵ʺǬ
Ǭ˺ͱʺѵ˻ûбԭ򣬾ǸղŽϷ顣
ˣôܲأų̴һѵˡʺõ˵
ĸʵʱһֱԶŵģⶼ竣û˭˭ӵ飬ֻǺҿ»޼ެ˾Ա߿ţЦǸҲųǸѹȥǸɢˡǬ˵
ʺһ㶣˵˵ެԱ߿Ҳֳ̫ˣ
竴ܣͲʲôÿ飬ԼôֶɣҪָ˿ˣ治ÿǬ͵
ʺͬصͷöԣԼУܶ˸˿ˡ
ʺԥһ£һҵ˾˼ңɲүˡ
ǬҲûں᲻飬һ£ʵĸһ£ûй뷨ҪСϻң


299 ѡ
ʺĥеعǬʵô
漴˵㲻ǶᳫСϻڸôãʮųޣĻͬ飬ܺ棬ȻŶ漸ųޡôûеˣѵСϻԼϲϷĶˣ
ʺرĥ飬۾һתЦ㸸ĹҪҡҴѾףǼҵĹȻܼ檣Ծֻм޸ҶˡСϻͷҶôˣ
Ǭ֣ûûС
û뵽ʺһ仰͸뵽ôࡣ
ȻڻûңôǬÿ԰СϻԺĻ޶һģͿԷֹԺñ¼ˡ
ĸҾðɣʼҵŮȻ޸󳼼ҿôƸŽᣬԼѡһ£Ǽ˴󳼼ܱ֤ҸǸ𣿡Ǭһ
ʺǬһۣùԼѡ˵
ʺҪȥүңҪһȥ𣿡
𣬲롣Ǭֵ
ӺܳǬ˳·ȥ˵ųһĵĸӡ
ӳԵúãסúãʳǬԱߴߴ˵ȺӶܳԣĸӹطƺڸʳӦһ
ʮ죬ȻͷŷһԡǬ
ʳӦ
ӵųǬ˿ӱõĶһ
ӱ￴Ǭæϵıѹ
ӺãⶫʲôǬʵ
ӱһҡͷ
ŵζˡǬЦˡ
ӱεذѱѩó͵ղȥԺҵڳⶫͷһϷ򣬺Ǻǣ
ͷ·ϳԸѩ⾹Ȼ߳Ǭɰġ
ʵʲô£
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ŶǬͷȻӱһӾƽࡣ
֮ǰһֱΪӱʲôֻҪһҳܱ漴˵ܰ徭еһֹǬȻϲϣˡڣǬһƴֵ⣬ȻͷӷԼȻкֶܶһ̣ͷӵʥ⻷ʧˣع鵽Ǭеķˡ
Ȼӱ̹ԼĶ̴ҲһǳѵõƷʣǬֱӺԵˡ
СӱΪѵؿǬһۣһǧᡭǧ¡
ǬʼͿͷΪѵı飬ΪƽʱǺ¶ıġǧʲôǧ𣬡˵
ԡӱشúܸɴ࣬Ǭһ֪˵ӣϰѰƸǬʡԼѵذѻ˵
Ǭʣ˵һǧᣬϳһǾҪǧ𣿡
ԡ
ǧǶٹ᣿
ǧһǧӣһʮᣬǧᡣ
׼˶ٸ֣ϣ
ٶ
Ǯ˭Ǭĵʡ
ӱָһǬ˵µҽԺдǮõǮ
ⲻǬָſӱ˵һǮҲֲ̫ôôذ˵ĻءǮӦҳǹҴ£ôԼǮҵأѵұƴҪҸôծ𣿻ҰˣҷƴǲǶԹ飬ôӦýҶ԰ɣôûһҪΪ˶϶ٶأ
£ѩӱԹѩ
ǬһƣҲŲ˿ˮҷҸʰǮùɡ
ӱͷϳֵ֧£˵ºٺϳ˵һ£ϳðһһǧꡣ
˵ˡ
ιܰºйأȥҸʱҪһȥİǬıӰ

ǬʵӣǲǸԬѧ̫˰Ȼܵô죿
ӱԶԶػشл̫Ԭϳ̫ȭ
ǸԬѧ̫
ǬԱߵ˫ĿоЦҪҪҲȥ̫
ٺһЦȻûӦȥˣˣ
ԺС»󿴵Ǭʵ
Ϊʲô·ˣ
ţ㣬ҽԺﻹǮж֪


300 ʡ
ҽԺʽǧᣬö֮ʣǧᡣ
С۸ոϴõʪʪͷǬĵ˵²ʣǲǲˣ
ôίĻȴСôĵĻͱǬЦˡ
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Сºߺܣ
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˴СͻȻһһ뿪ǬߣȻԹվǬԱߡ
զ
ȡ嵵û˵°ɣ
ǬͷңӲ˵ţⲻںС˵ҽԺʽôͻȻˣȻˡŶˣС¸ղ˵ˣҽԺʣǧǮ԰ɣǮ֪˭֪Ϊʲôʻ֪ҽԺǮ
СºŬǬ˵ҽԺʣǧᣬǮ֪˶ˣ֪ʺ֪֪
ţ˵ˣʺ֪Ҫ֪͸ˡ
˵⸸ҪŪƴֵĲ©ĻǮôҪҳأҽԺǮ˵٣ҲðǬʵ
嵸Ǭһ󣬾Ա߿˵
֪һͼ֪ҪͼʲôСҡͷ
嵲׷˵Ǿһȥұ£ô˽£ǻ᲻׼Ҫȥԭܾȥʱأ
Ǭգգ۾⻰пܡ˵ãģҸȥҸȥ
漴˵ҵʱֻһ˵һǧëĿ׷ӾȻҪһǧȥ֣ٶ֣ôǮᣬȥҸֻ¸Ҳò
С˵£һǧеˣͷȴǳͷʹãʵʽĸһǧһ껹ûǰҸһҩչ̾Ǽ˸ҩũ߼ǮҸûи߼ǮԺ겻ϣ֤۸񲻻٣ҸӮ˸ҩũΡ
⻰Ǭһ˵뷨һֵּǧĶ滻ǧ𡣡
һģ뷨ˡ׷ӾΪ֪ʶ޼۵ģһǧһֶرЩֻġŻøҪһǧһ֡ҾȥǮ֣֪ʶóͭζˣ
ȻС³ģǬ˵⻰ǲûһǮƵģһˡ
嵶ɴ۾Ǭ
ûǮˡһǧ𲻱䣬ֵˣ䷢дһǧ֤飬мλʿǩֽ¼ڼƴֵ档˰ɣǬЦ˵
ҪиʵּǿֻʥּʱܿƽлõھлˣֻҪϳͿԵõˡһڵһƴֵܿǧʷ˰ɣ㹻ˣ
ǬԽ˵Խ˷ܡ
Сº嵾һǬµ뷨̫ˣһͲóǮˣ
Ǭͷ˵ȻǮۿɲ˵ҪڸʵڸٵǮ
źСǬ⻰ԳЦ
ǬҪظűһԼҪȥϵǮͻȻܽСϺף££ʺм㣡
ǬżӵСϺףʵĸʲôˣ
ʺû£ʺм㣡
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Сº嵶صͷ
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ǬҲûͣ
һǺؼйص飬ʲôΣˣҪʺȥ̽
˵ˣʺпնǬ˵ʲô¡
ԭʷϵ屦ˣҿҪˣΪϴȻҪѻʼҵĹĸؼң˺ȥʵ۶ȥȷҪ˵˲ĴʱȥûʺǬȥ
Ŷʷ˵屦һ̣Ǭͬˡ˸¶Ǭһ̫ض˵һŻʺظȥ
ʺķݺ̵ظſڣظſڹŰ׵ײػһТվſӭӻʺ̫ӣ


301 ظ
ʺ󣬵һȷػ˵úӣôˣǽȥ
⻰һػıһᣬ޳ˡ
ػҧסˣԻʺһͷǬͻʺȥ
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·ǬѾ֪ؼǶ˲ġĶػճʱˣؼҳүү⣬ʣػˡ
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ǬܹоʮĺӼϵصȻУҲͬ
ظУػʺǬʺֵȥԺ
ػƽ˺Ժķȥ
ǬƫѾʼڴ̨ˣѾڴˣǿҪˡ
˺ԺǬϼ˼Ϥ̫ҽ漴˹ѹ̫ҽˡ
̫ҽʺ񣬶ʺְˣ취ȥ
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ÿÿǵʲôǬϾͱһ¡
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ô㲻˵ڸʦѧϰ𣿡Ǭʵ
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˵⻰ʱѾˡ
ػһ㶣ʣǣ
Ǭܣã湫
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ˣȽȥүүʺ˵
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ȻһʷˣǬЩʲôȾⷿͷ򣬴鲼ͨôȣʲô˷ˣǬʺ棬Ⱦǿɾ͵ùˡ
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֪أ֪һֻ֣ſԪοʣȻЩ뿪ԣ뿪ʱѺߡ
ʺߵߣ˿ϵˣԲѣʺҪ˵Ҳ˵ˡڴǰվ˼ӣתοػ䣬ȼ̫ҽԸһҪȫ˵ķʺȥʺһǬǬû
ʺֵؿʵʺҲ֪˵ķ䲻ܶʱҪǬߡ
Ǭ˻ʺ֣ǰȥͷ˿
̧ͷǬ˵˹⣡
ǬÿһЩʵѪģ
ͷ̧ͷǬ
Ǭһָ˵˵˵
帡ףƤȺ죬ѪղŻɶһݡһֱҲַղˣõµľƾ£Ҳһֱ˵
жûԶˣûƫʳ󣬲߲ˮǬʵ
طæӦǣǣʱǶ죬ûвˣΪ˸ү壬һֱԸʳүӾͲˣһֱ⣬θԽԽ٣ǳԵԽԽ٣ҶΪүӿҪסˣ
˭˵סֵôܶס
ط˵ʱһ𣬽˵߽˼ɷϺǰһ˾ǳϻξϺڣǽȶط˺ͻʺ󣬾ͶΧȥϻ겢սĺֵܣھȻڴϱϻһ۵ſϿޡ
ϻһѹ³һѪ
Ǭͺ۾һɣڸߵѪ꣬Ȼˣ뱩ߣ˭ıɱզ
ųϻϻ㾹Ȼʵˡ
Ǭ˵֪ʲôˣ
۾һϲ
ҽѧϣѾǬõüϲˣѾǳǬˡղǬʲʱ֪ǬҪϲˡ
ȻǸʲôǬȻôŵ˵֪ʲô
ϻʺ󣬻ػط˶ŵؿǬǬ֪Ҫʲô˵֪ǶزҸǣǽҪҵİţ


302 
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ϻؿڣ˵ܾȻֵܣϳԺһ㣡
⻰˵úˣϻҲ˵úʱ򡣲⻰治˵ֱӣֱӾͳˣȻҳ̼ҵš
̫ӾȻ̸ţ̼Ҫˡ
Щ˵õġ
ʺ仰󣬵Ȼ֪⻰ʲô˼۵˳ϻһۣҲ̫۸Ҷ˰ɣ
Ǭڿû˼ϻƽ֪õʲôǺˣӦýˣҲ֪취ܾܲȻҪ̬Ǳ˵
֪⣬˵ˣҪţ̫ˣĿ̫ˣǶȳȥ档ｻ̫ҽǾˡǬ˵
˵Ϳʼˡ
Щ޹ҪˣǬϳȥˣֻ̫ҽػ
ػµ˼ǵ֣еͻȻҵˣΨһĺһ档
Ǭػ˵ȥѴĲ¼飬ͨͨ
ͱһǬʵõʲô
ѪǬ˵
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303 Ҳαӡ
ǬѻѪлѪֻҪˮ߲˾κõ˻ʺ
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ΪǬں֣ȥ̫ҽǣоİ취ΪǬ̫ӣ˸֭ͷԼ֮
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ڻʺӦǬŷĵؽ˶
ڶҪǰ嵺ͣȻͺȥþƾһϴһ裬ŻصԺ嵺С¹ǬǬȥظ˵һ顣
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304 ӡ
Ǭְֵģô࣬Ҫͬѻ䵽ͷϡ
䣬Ǭͷ˻
ӱ۾һ˵̫ӵ´˻ϳ¶ǮأйǮӦ㹻ˣ
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мֵǧ𣬶ҲͭζĶʷõ׷ѧ䣬Ͽɣ׷Ӷ֣ԷȴܶǿǷǳ˲𣡡Ǭ˵
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ǬԿ׷ӵͷ˼һ׷ӳȥ
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۽ǳ˳顣
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305 
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ңǬһ뵽һΣҽԺҹҪѵʱҲһУȻǬһƭǮһǮֻǬǧᣬǧᣬ飬̫Ӷˡ
ǬǴε󣬾;ٺˣǸڳԺڵĿӶ
ڿӣȻҪǬһλѵ飬ٺ͵Ǯ
ʱںǬ˵ھѵ飬˵Ӧ㵽ǬȥôͼǬȥȻٺǬ˵
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ǲôǬĲƷǶԵġܷ񶨰ɣ
Ĳ˵ҲšʺǬĻЦˣȻҲǬһ䡣
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ʺͷ˵ˣ˵㸸˵ǮҪӵģ


306 Ļ
ԡǬһƻԣ˵
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زĺˣһֱûֶԺ󻳵ʲô鶼ңʲôѧϲģҲң㱾ѧʲУбµѧʿǣǶǲŸ߰˶֮ʿһܰģʱ˵
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ͣ٣ǶǬĲɣǬҪ˵زҪһֱȣҲԣûµʱøˮԣͿκĲˡ
Ӻܻɵؿ˿Ǭ
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307 ᡿
ǣүүػСӦ
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ʺֺؼҵķ˵˼䰲οĻطʺ䲡ػصǬߣ
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תһ䣬һ̳ߣûڣػͣ
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᣿Ǭؿ˿Ц
ᣬǾ˵ͳᣬǬһ뵽ǣһﲻΪԼүү뱨Ƶ˳ĶףȻǬɣ
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ػܽ˵㣬ʵʲôҲûС˵ĻӦˡǻĶˣүүκζԲµ飬Ҳҹ˵µĶ顣Ժʲô龡ܷԸΪЧ
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үүүүģүүԽԽԳүүÿ춼һȴδһڻµģݺݺĻѾڼǰ˵ˣػ͵
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ػ˵ȥңҲʹҲ˵ģô֪˵ٻ󣬻ôǬ뵽һȥá
һǬӦȥһʳ㣬õʲôϢ
ǬҪһҲһ֪ˣػΪж˵ٻˣû˵ģϱ̫ӵ顣


308 
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ϻתͷǬȻŪǬڳ̸ſطջῴɲ֮ǵ
̫ӵ£ϻ
岻ö񡣡Ǭ֡
ϻվֱ󣬹ԻؿǬʵ̫ӵǡ
ŶΪ˵Тݷһ³Ǭ˵꣬ѵ廹ǵ˵Ļ˵ҪҾȻزҾͿ̸ˣ
ϻ۾ͷһŵӡ
زڲǻŵ˰ɣ
ϻ˿ſڣ˵Ƚȥ˵
һһ٣˽ȥ
˸ţϻٶ߽ȥͣǬʵʲôȵģʲôȣ
Ǭֱ׳˵
ϻʣ˵ˣһ𣿡
Ǭӵ˻ʵİɣⲻ˵ҵĲЧҾزˣ˵ĻҪˣ
ôܾˣ
ΪΪûкȲģٴκ˲󣬾ͿԾȻˣǬţ򵥵ķʽ͵
ϻǬ˵ô棬ôרҵתתʵ㣬ⲻȲ
Ļ˵촽䶯Ӧ촽Ĵ
һµ⣡ǬĽ״˵ǽȥ⡣
ϻĴʱ򲻸ǬˣҲƽϣ˵̫롣
Ǭóѵظ߽ȥһ߻شȻйء
ϻӦǶĴԺҲĴ⻰⣬æš
زΪ¶ûԵûˮһණʹӪˣԾˣݺҪӪ֧ţû˲ʵͻˡز忴˰ɣûĲֻѪ帡ףûȲ˻ѪĲ֢
˵䣬˳̼һʹ̴պþԼĸ׾ȻǬܺƵ˽һһǬӣó̴ú⣬رǳϻǬµĿӣó̴۾ˡ
̴ȻæܵˣȥԺԼĸ׺˵ˣ̼ɽѵа˲ɣƽʱһֱ̫֮ôˡ
˵ҪãҪȲȶ˲ͿԱ⡭ôף԰ɣϻڿ죬¶ԼŴʵ
ԣȲݸǬⲻ˵ϹάC޻Σȶ㲻¡
ǲ䣬ȻֻڵӪڵҪף๤Ҫģ
һ֣Ŷʱ˰Ҷˢһ͸壬ˢɲͨõ֦ëɵëˢ㼺ݡ» ʱһ͹
Ǭ˵⻰ʱ򣬳ĸ˽ܻ˵ذҲӽ´Ҫ͵ˢ
´β͵ģ´γϻܲܲǬŰɣ
ϻоǬܺ˼һֱ˵ĵݵ飬˵ĵһһ׵ģŲǶûˢڴ
ֱ׵˵Ǻã´δˢҾ
ĸϻ˵ô񣬲ɵһۣעһ㡣
ڳĸĳԼҪԼļţҪģ׻˵ôֱӣҲ̫ˡ˳ģǬģҶΰ

ϻٺһЦ
ǬƤæĸ񣺡Ǭ
ʺתͷԳЦɺã
һЦá
ȴ첻ǻ𣬾Ȼʽɺá
ĸЦʻó治䳡ȥϼ̫ӵ£ղſºҼү˵Ͷ룬֪˵ʲô
Ŷ˵Ӳ˵ˢϴǬͷ
ĸǺһЦ
ӹѾýĲԸϻĸǬ衣
Ǭӽ˼¡
Ϭ£һҲһﾳµԷҪʲô˵ȥģ׶Է˵ʲô
²󣬶ںŮТĲĳϻʵȥظˣȻ˻˵ǺݺݺףȥݺݺˣݺݺҲ˵˵ûǾǵ˵ٻˣΪʲôƭң
ۡϻʣһӰѲˮˣ


309 ΪŮ롿
ϻǬĺȲ跽ʽе񣬲˹ģ¶ȸպõĲˮֱӵˡĲˮˡ
漴Ǻܺͱǻˡ
ĸæֽϻˮĺ󱳣ԼһʻøǱҲЩھΣæȥĸ׸ϻ·ϵˮ
Ū˺þú󣬳ϻƽˣǬԹؿĿ⣬ڿųϻİԧ֮ͽ
ϻȻ޵еƤ񣬵ղűˮǺˣһӽͣʱƤЩвǬ˵Ŀ⣬εؿ˿˵ϷҪֻ˻ݺݺˡ
һⲻ԰ϸϸһ룬϶Գϻ˵԰ףϴ˵Ѿˣɲ˵ģ
ǬȴһϲɲȥƽϳϻΪʲô˵øǰĻһǳϻϳûиػж׾ͳˡ
壬ػû¹ϵҸ֮䡭ȫǬվԳϻ˸̬˵
ĸһǬȻϻʹ˸ɫ
عͷǬѾóƿ¶ˮݵĸǰ
ĸ۾һ˵ȽӹȻӹˣЩᶨˡ
Ǭܸоϻѳ޸Ǭгĸһݾܾ˼ղϻʹɫҲóϻҽھܾȻǬ֪ΪʲôôܾǬһҪ˼ǴӦ
ĸӱ¶ˮƽ⣬ԥΣʱܾǬԺֻû¶ˮˣԺϾûζˣЩ긾Ůм䣬ûɧķˣû⻨¶ˮĸܲˡƤ߸˳ϻԼҽȥŻ¶ˮһȥͲˣ
ϻ˱һۡ
ӣǬͳ֪Ҳóĸ֪ΪϻǸϣ
ϻ˳ĸֻԼ취ֻһ̾һ̧ͷǬͳ㡣
Ǭ֪Ϸˣ
ϻ˵ΪСƺð
ֲɣó㻹ûϻľݣȸжˣһᣬ۾ˡ
ϻһ£Գһ˵СƼ޽ʹԼ˵һʱǶСԼ˵ȴ᲻Ҹһӡ
Ǭ⻰һ㶣е׳ϻ˵ʲôˣȻ˵Ļ
ʹŮˣԹŶ빬Сƽȥ󣬻᲻Ҳˣ̫δ飬СƳ̫ǵҲռ̫λӣԺôҲǸ߸ϣ̫ŮҲСƳԿ̫Ѿ̫СƽҲһ淶ѣ̫ԺҲиŮˣСƲϲµģ࣬ձѹų裬ų裬Ҹ
ϻһڣһֱԸСƽȥøֽƭǣȴΪСƺð
ж۾ˣȻֹȴĵΪ롣ղḸ׵ĻЩھΡ
ǬҪϻ˵̫Ǹܺõˣ۸ġһ𵽹֣ʹھעɣҪѶܡȻ˺ãС֮䶼һЩСȥˣҲһζø㣬⹬ǻϷġ
Ǭһʱ֪Ҫ˵ϻˡ
ϻǬµʱ򣬰ϵĻ¶ˮȥȻø԰Ǭͳ̸
Ǭ˳̸󣬲һ˹˿ԼѾڳ̸ˣҪ»ȥҲûбҪǬ˹
ʲôʺ󾪺
ղڳһӣĹⱻԽǬĻ󣬰Ĺ˳ŵϣȻɴ˷ۣǬ
Ǭͷ
ؼҶǼٵģȻһɣ򷢻ˣʺʵ
Ǭͷ
ʺתתƺ뵽ʲô漴һ֪Ҳ̫ˣҪ˵ؼҶǵҲ˵ùȥⶩ׾Ȼ˵ƭģСⶩ׵ˣȴһ˵޽ﲻҸˣҪǲҸôŮҪʹ𣿡
Ǭˣĸ˼ҽڶң
ǡʺӣݺݵҧһڡ
Ǭʺһ˵һתе⹬е۵ļͥûʹʹģκλ˶ԼҸԼʹࡣ
ʺҲôһֱҸҲ˵ؼǿ˭ǲǣǬΪ󣬾Ͳ᲻Ҹ
ĸϻΪʲôҪܾǬʡ


310 ڡ
ʺ۾һף˵ô֪
ǬƵӺס
ʺѵСƼ޸㣬Ȼԭԭ򣬾ҪԼȥҳˡ
Ǭɴһ۾Żʺ
Ů޽ʹ˻ʹˣرǼ޸̫ӣԺ̫ӵ˻ʵۣôǿԸٻģû˲Ը⡣޽ʹĻڹǵû˻ῼǹûҸʵġ˵ʹлʹҸǹĻҲ𣬸޽ʹʲô
ҪǣҸĴʣӦɳϻĴϴָ˵ǳĸ˵ǻţǳϻǻʡ˰ɣ
ǬʱĸǱ¶ˮ
ϻʱë˵һλе㷴θˣ
ʺ˵ǳϻԭó
ĸ뷴˰ɣͻʹ־룡Ǭһɵ˵
ʱʺǬͷˡ
˭ᷴͳ̼Ҳᷴôһˣ֪췴ĺҪ뷴ĻӦðŮ޸㣬ʱףʺ͵
Ǭһе
һ£ʣǲ˵췴Բ޽Լ̫׳˰ɣ
㿴ϺǸ±˵ĵⲻܡһҲԼ׳ˣܻ᲻ᱻ˻ɣֻҪԼûǲڱ棬κμ嶼᲻ϵ׳Լ˾˳ңҪó¼޲˼ʺǬһۣ漴ӡ
Ǭͷ룬ʣ޸׳ˣ˭˱Ҹð
Դ𣬽ҲһʵĴ𰸡
ʺ󶼱ǬЦˣͱˣʲô𰸣ҪϻԼ˿ڲ֪̽ԭɣ
Ǭεصͷ
ʺָѣʱķͲЩССܶ࣬ҲҪһһĵһһذ
Ǭͷ
ӻʺǬҪȥҿӱ
ΪǬģûǬͻȻǰһİ׻ڳ϶˺󣬿ӱɢʱǬһʧͶ˵ԺǬҪʱǵðȸȻһģڳ϶Ųᶪˡ
ӱ̵ѧȻд£
ԭǬںӹŴ˵Ŀ⣬ˣǬеˣеںˣԻȥҿӱһ۱ȽϺã
ߵһʱǬ˵£ϰ˵ȥһꡣ
ŶĳôˣǬһһʵ
Ŷ˵Ѿƽƽˣϰ˼ʵ£ϸڴôŪ
Ǭˣ֪¶ˮôģԳҪʲôڻ֪ǬǷҪȥһ˲ˡ
УҰ͵׷ٳȥǬ֣
˳ĵҵ׷ӵ鷿ȴҲ׷ӣ˵׷ӵʡ﹫ȥˡ
Ǭӷŵ׷ӵİ칫ϣ뿪ˡ
ȥҹ´̸׷˵۵顣
Ϊ֪˳´ǲ¶ˮôģǬȥҳ´ӣ˵׼ȥųʳҪһ¶ˮĲϣбƿ߶Ⱦƣˡ
꣬ǬĻׯ˳´ӺܹܼңǹӭǬ
ˣǬЦ
ࡣ˻ص
ôˣ
´ЩΪѵ˵£Ϊкܶ⻹ûʵûȷҪģ
Ǭͷ⣬Щ⣬˵ɡ
´ӶǬƽܸм˵ȣԱ⡣Ҫ¶ˮҪ͹͹Ҫʾ͹ĳ׺󣬾Ҫȷ͹Ҫ٣źȷҪ󣡡
͹Ǭ˵
Ц˵£Һͳϰ͹Դӱׯϵĵ軧աɿǿŶȸߣ
ǬԼȥ취͹˵͹նԣԼׯϵ˸á
ãͬܵǬ˵棬Ҫ㰲ˡʲôҲȻ֪ҪԱˡ
ǫһЦΪԱ뻨¶ˮĲйء¶ˮĲҪȻҪԱȻҪ̫Ա¶ˮĲ⣬Ҫ¶⻨¶ˮĵεĶλˡ°⻨¶ˮڸߵ·ϣ


311 ¶ˮ·ߡ
ߵƷǬų
ͷǡ
һ£˵û¶ˮֻеһҶУûУȻûмĵҵµ¶ˮйĸŮϣЩ϶ȱǮҪǮǶóֻȨû¶ˮΪʾݵĶǲȨ󣬻ƽЩȨŮǵĻ¶ˮ͸ܲݵλԽˣΪ⻨¶ˮֻֻܹǮ˲ֳ¶ˮļֵ
һʱǬܴӳۣһ˵ͷͷǵ¹鲢огģ
ҳЩǬִģҵʶʶԼϵĻ¶ˮǶطһ¢ҵ¢ϵĶǮȻԼ˵ˣһйʯͣƶЩ¢ϵĴһǬһӾԼĻ¶ˮѧϰİˡһƷƵ⡣
Ǭû¶ˮӦôһƷһ߶ˣÿͻʹžܸоԼݵĸ߹ĲƷƷơ
˵úе¶ˮһݳƷһնô۸Ͷڹܽܵϡ¶ˮһƣһƷƣҪƷƸӪʱԺ󳤰Ĺֻʹ˻¶ˮź˼˼кҪǲʹû¶ˮ˼˴кˡһǵĻ¶ˮֻᣬôҪĻ¶ˮˣԱҲͲҪˣһҪ㳤Ļ¶ˮĲǶ٣ٿһҪǬ˵
˵Ʒƣʵ
ƷƣԺÿ¶ˮ֣֪ݵҲƿϻ¶ˮıʶԺһۿϳǻ¶ˮ
ʶҪʲôʡ
Ǭ°ͣ˾ʣ˭ã¶磡
۾һ޵ʫʫǺĲţ
ƨǴʣŶ̾䡣Ǭм˵
ʵǵ£ⳤ̵ʲôʲô
Ǭʵһ㶣룬Ȼ벻ʵݣߣдҲˡΪ˰ΣǬֵֻôһ䣬׵ݻûҾֻҪһͿˡ
һ£˵ҵ˼ģ¶ˮ֣д˭ã¶磬ȻΧټӸװΣͿԳΪǻ¶ˮıʶˣԺװ¶ˮƿӣ԰Щʶֽȥ
ͷͬǬ뷨£Ҳ԰Щ֣ճɴƿϡ
ãЩϸǬͷ
ǬǾȻ˵ԱҪ֪µĻ¶ˮʲôģҪò֪ԱҪ
£֪ûд¶ˮʦҺû¶ˮʦ⻨¶ˮ˵һ¡
áǬ֣Ȼ֡
Ż¶ˮĲϣ׾˽
ǬԳ˵¶ˮҪЩҩģҩĶĥɷۺ󣬵Ƶĸ߶Ⱦƣҡҩζܽ棬ٰҩ۸˳ͳ˻¶ˮˡ
ҡ̣Ļ¶ˮǾͲܿһ˱һƿȥҡˣŪһľܣȻƿӶ棬һҡüƿʮƿҲԲĳ¿תȻҡΡǬ˵
Ǭ˵Ļһһ
¶ˮҩۣó֣۾ñţã
Ǭܲʱǣ˵ĳڵ⻨¶ˮĹ̫򵥣ǽ￴һʱ󣬾Ϳ͵ʦѹոѧȥԲŻֻܼûׯϵĵ軧軧ҲǰٷְٵšڼµĻ¶ˮǰҩĥɷۣҩӴ˶ϲȫһ뷨
ҩĵķĥɷ۵Ĺ򣬵¿ڹŪúõһû֪ԭʲôˣҲûܹ͵ʦˣ
ԭǱ˰ѻ¶ˮ䷽͵ȥ
Ǭͷ뵽һܣǬģǬӹú͵Ҳ֪ˣǾͲ³䷽֪ԺԼȥ¶ˮˡ
ǺãǬϲǬΪС£ԶԳǷĵġǬ˵¶ˮҩڹ͹Ҳ㣬ԻǽͺáȻ±͵䷽ˣô԰ҩĵĵططֳֿһҩһҩٷֳɼС䣬ͬСĥͬҩֻҪּ͵䷽Ͳ֪䷽ʲôˣ


312 ʦԷ
վмؿǬֹһ񣬵л̫ӵµΣ
ãСµĴ磬ҵȻ㣡ǬЦ
ǬΣ档
Ĳ֣Ǭֳҩ뷨ֳɹϢĲ֡ϢʳΪ壬һҩһ
Ǭʳã뵽ǰѧʱʳãǰѴѧʳõһ׸ˡ۾ذǬ˵Ķ
Ǭ˵ֻһ뷨һĶѣҪʵֳҪƳԼȥһģöӦƳĻ˵󣬾óоԼׯԺߡ
ҪҪȥׯϵĸӣׯӺԺһߣȴׯͦõġԺûκׯϵ˾ס˵סģǬûסǾšǬʲôʱס졣
ȻʹжӦеĺ÷ӣס˶ׯ԰סҲ൱ܡ
ׯ԰ǬصѸղŸʾĻ¶ˮľƸӽ뿪ׯ԰
ص˶ǬǵҪҿӱ۵飬ûϻԺת˳ĵеˣҲ֪ӱڻڲڳĵ
Ǭ߽ĵӱڵ¾һ㶡ӱ̧ͷǬǺһЦˣ
ǬµӣǬ˵¹ȻûСȴǵϷ̻壬ϷοϷѾ¸ĹˣĿ
Ǭӱ˵Щ죬˵һлȻӹӣݿĵĸʽǬһӾͷЩȴǰдǱ׻ȫ˹ˣͷģرǬ֪ͷ԰׻жʹҪİ׻ķǶʹࡣΪ˿ͷģǬҲԼӦðⱾĸˡ
ڿˣӱһ񣬵ٴζлӣ
˵лԺܹԼдϷοˣһǵµģϷģ¿ȥȽϿѧϰд£ӱǬİ׻ĵݸ
Щ˵̣Ǭе㲻̫ҪʲôڴͷҵͻȻ
һ㶣ǬͷĶӣͷεһЦ
뵽ԺǬһţǬ
ͷǬöӶˣǬﲻЩжһȥԷ
ͷҲ飬Ǭһȥˡ
嵺СڵǬԷ׷ҲˣЩ⣬Ǭ׷ӳԷһ˵嵺С¶˵׷˱ꡣ׷º嵺С¶˳ȥ
׷ԲԲӣϰ˷ḻĲɫʵ½ͣΪβǷϯ⡭
Ƴ˳ԷǷֲƵģԷʱϯضÿǰһСӣϷһ˵ĲˡֲƵĺʳƣΪӱ˵ԭ
ǬƳȻϰ߷ֲƣڰѸӸŪ󣬾ûڶԹһٷֲơ
Ŷ֪ΧһӣһԷ֣УǬҪȥ嵺С֣ʲô
׷ʣһô˫ӣֻӣ
Ǭ˵ǹ꣬ףвõģ˫ӺԼԷõġ
׷ӵͷŶã
嵺С²鲻Ը߻ǬߣǬһԷˣӻǲӭأ
׷Щؿ˿Ǭӻͣ˶κһô̫ȴЩأǬѻ˵ǰͷˣ˾ǲӭ׷ҪһǬ뷨ˣ
嵺СҪͣǬԼһߣһ¿׷ӣ;Ϳʼˡ
ȻײгԷÿ׷զ࣬ϵζȣȴÿ׷ӲԼͷ̽ȥˡ
͹У׷ǲϵʲôˣʲô⣬̿
ʲôˣ
л
˺
Ѽ
ʲô⣿Ϊ˵㣿
Ȼ⣡
֣Ȼ˰죬ȴԡ
ǬͿ׷ӿȥֻŬ⣬˵ӣ첻úõسЩô˵
Ǭ嵼˲Цˣ׷һ㶣Цһ£úãͳԣ
ͺ󣬿׷ԲԲĶӣʱ˵ϷҳԵζȣһӻĸְ


313 ȫ
ʣ࣡
ڶϳʱǬվ齵˵
ϵصͷǬ˵
Ǭѿ׷ӷǱ秵˳һ㶣ôдǬЩһЩ˼ֻǸ˸ѡ
ӱ￴˿ӱԺۺ룬ˣͿӱйء
ĬĬǬ˵꣬ͽ𼸸
񲿴󳼣˶վ۴º
غֵΪֵĽȫٰһǧĻĺԣ׷Ȩԣǿ׷վʼݵظλǽ
ʱ򣬱׷ҪһǬһǧĻľ⣬˵ҪǮմ֪ʶôҪǧôߵľأ
ǺǬȥԷˣһٴδԹζͣÿ׷Ӱ¸ˣ˼ҺԼ˵Լ˵ЩǮһ;ԾĬǬǧᾭˡ
˵Ҳǰǧ˵úˡ
ӱڽĵλܸߣߵ˶Ҫһʦô֣صһǶ˼ֹҪǬǧᣬҲΪӱӣһ֡
ǧǬ֡
³Ǭȥˡ
ȥߡǬȥ¶ʵ£
ҿ׷дģ˵׷ӣӽԼͨˡǬ˵
ͷãβ޸дЩµˣֱȥҿ׷ӣдͳˡ
ԭ͵Ǭͷ
Ѹ¶ڵ̫๬ŮϳȥǬӿʼߡ
ϹأǬдһԼȥڸڿǮ
ҪȹǮȥãԸ
Ǭֵ˵ʣҲ̫С˰ɣòһ𣿡
ϴξͰڿǮùˣҪǮ£ȴڿòǮһ죬õ˹ԶǮߺߵ
Ǭһǧᣬⲻٹ𣿡
ٹͲǮˣڿǮõúܽģһٹᣬǿɾץˡͨ뺣ǮߺãҪ޵ڿǮˣ´ҪǮˣ
ʣôһ㶼ʵ۰Ϊ˵ǮŪáǬ´һζһ㲻ʵ۵ġ
㵱ɻʵ۾ûǮ
Ǭ˵ûǮ׬
ˣһ¾ҪǬȻһʵȥ׬ǮҲ˵ó
Ǭһæߡ
ܳ˸¶Ǭص˶ĵȥѧղſӱΪԼٹ˲ٵ͵һлȻúΣ
¿κǬ׷ӸˣʽˣôһǧĻҪʼ׼ˣϴǬ˵֤飬ӱһӷӶ֪ʲôģҪǬһ
ǬСѧĽ״Ӹ˵һ飬Ȼ˵λӣϳ˵֣ӸǶЩ֪ʶ˵ƣǣڴһǧʢУ϶ʲô֣־Ҹúд£ÿõ֤鶼Ҹʵּ˵䷢֤棬ǩϿ׷ӣڷǵ֣õͷôƴֵίᡣ
ϷӶǬ˵һһ㶵ģǬ˵󣬷ǿʼоһо֤Уǿʼֹٶ֤ҪֵʮͷϣҲҪдʱ䡣
ôӡˢǬʵ
׷ˣǺһЦٶݣҲͶٶҳֽ治ֵ
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Ǭ˵ҲУǸʲô
һӴӰ칫óһľǬ
һŸֵľ壬īⶫ̺ӡˢ
ﲻһ𣿡Ǭָһ֣ʵ
׷ӵͷǿ̻ˣһͲˡ
ŶˣӡˢҲ̫ˣһ֣һˣ
ǬͻȻ˻ӡˢ壬취ãԸ߿׷ǡ
Ȼ֪õǦӡˢ֪ҪôǦƳӡˢľؿ̣һľͷֻӡˢҲҪǿ
ӣӡˢҲ̫ˣһ취ӡˢǬǿ黵˵棬
ʱ׷ڸӰŹĻתͷǬ֣


314 ӡˢ
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̫ӵݳǰһǱǬ̫⻹ǵһΰڳ
ظȻڴϣɫԱˣһǬѾǱǬĲȻ˵ģм֮Ա
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ػԱ߿ǬԷүүϸĲ쿴Щжҧһƺʲô
ϻǬʣľƣ
ǣЩͨƲβҪһЩηʪĶǬ˵
ʲô
ߡǬ˵ߺҩһݽƣԷʪЧ㲻ܸҲܻⲡ飬ǿǣ
ϻǬĻطǬⷽ棬ϻȴϴ˵кôϻһ뵽˻ѪݶһţһӾǬĻˣЩҵĲر࣬ÿٶҪ㱥
ݾƿηʪҲˡ
߿رĵطҪרĲϻʡ
ҪҰץͿݾƣǬ֡
ػ⻰ԾԾҪȥүүߣϻһ֣ϳÿգȥץ
˵꣬һһسȥˣ


315 תӡ
ϻظһ֣ظʮҽȥˡ
ǬûȥҲ֪ץȥˡǬţȳϻץթһضȥǺζġ
ΪҪȳϻץ߻󣬽߾ƣǬҽӰ˿ϸɲ֮оͲܽˣҪӳһЩʱ䡣
ظûǬľƣϻҲûҪǬعþˡ
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ˣˣ˭ɱˣɱ߰洫˳ϻ˸߲ҵ
Ǭ˶ͷһӺˣʲôɱˣ䶼ˣûðǾˣ


316 ߾ơ
үүˣǾˡػ͵
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ϻһ䣬ĿͣǬϣһȻ뿪˵ûˣϳ̾ǰŮŮܿࡣ
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˶ˣҪ󣡡
иŪȿǬ˵岻֪ûȤ
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ϻͣһ£˵ϴһȻҲ棬ѵֻһֻҪҸˣҾ͸㡣
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ǬڵڶȥϿʱ׷ӾһŰĸŵ˼дѧʵμһǧĻܵõµּʼҰ䷢֤飬ĹڷӵϿɣֿԼֵ棬ֵһʷջǳĴȥֻ»ٵˡ
ſ׷óһ͸ͳĵطһЩĻˣרŵİȥԵг⣬ҲǶЩѧʼҵ𾴡
ǬҲΪҲһЧӦ
濴ͬĹ棬һƣΪͨ㣬Իٰ죬ȥֻܴ֪ҪƵ˶֪ûиǲɵġ·;ҲԶԲʵ
ȻƳĻģＯеĻ˿˵ռȫһ룬࣬ԻĵطڳͳĻ˶Ͳ㹻ˡ
Ȼط˵ʶЩƫƧֵĻˣǬӣĺ棬Լһ˶κֵĶ飬и֤ݣż֤ǰ˶дŸ׷ӣֻҪϿɺͻͬĽһԸǵƴֵ䱣֤׼ȷԣѴĶƼĻ˵ĶԴԶﴫǡ
Ǭһ£ȻҲôǮԭⲻһԵĹһڵĹ
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ǬССغһѡ
׷ӵͷϿɡ
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ǬΪ˵׷úúõģҲ˿ˣûת졣
ԼǮͳɡ׷ǶǳسǺĹݵķӣְѾˣֻ»æȴУΪǳһɡκѧʿǸָյģȫܵһ
Ǭͣ˿ռ˵дС˵飬Щ춯


318 ơ
֪ԼĹͣǬЦˡ
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˵Ǵ粻Ը⣬ȥҸʣʵյѧʿúʣͬҵҪġ
ǬҲûɫ˵ڻвҡ
ӽôӲ̬ȺԼ˵ǳˬ˵Żҩζ
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漴ĽŲ
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Сϻƺ˵վԱ߾ؿš
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֪Сϻ۾һУˬؿӡǴΪʲôҪԴ磬ûıˣ
Ӻߵ㵱Ǻʲôһǧ𣬲ΪͼֵĻҪɱͱµѧʿˣô֣
ǬЦʵŶΪѧʿǱȴСͽǶֵĿ׷ǻҪ𣿡
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ĿǬָ֣˵ÿ㲻ǼҵõָѧʿĽʫĲѧȻĲѧ̫Ǳɱ̫ǿˣһֱʢ㲻ǿҲҪԼһôѧѹ
ǬֻҪȥӵæһ㿪Ǭ֮֡ǬЦˣĲذҸ㣬ƴ㻹ʲôĹ
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мϸô֪ЩƫƧжѣҲͲ˵󻰵龰ˡ
ǬܹµΪҷѧƴȻ˵˻ƫƧûԼΪûǸܣ˲²ǬҪͼһǧǾͳ嶯Ǭһ
ð˵ΪѧʿжǵʱһǧĻϣ϶ƫƧٶƫƧûעǵʱֳҪϳһҺͿ׷Ǿ䣬ƴֵҲдǵĴҺͿ׷ǵֵ֣ϣΣǬӷս
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ΪѵؿȥӣתǬ˵磬㲻ҪһʱҲҲ˵ʣ˵ŸʲĻģ
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ǬƵ飬ȷʵгƴģͷ˴󲿷ˣûӽ֡
Ǭһϵǧ棬ǧٹŲ˵ġֵǬϣôŲþͲ֪תֺܲͱһϵڣӦӵҪġ


319 С
˵ʲô
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ӴǬ︺󣬾ҵĺ
ԼӰĻ˵һ飺ʣʱΪӦ㵱һȰѧʿҲκʮ˴ѧʿ̫ӵµһǧӦӦ˸־κѧʿ죬븸׼
ӣ롣
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վߵӵǰſˮӵĶ£һֱ˰ʱͣ
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˰죬Ҳ֪ΪǾֵͲҪκγ͢Ǯľ޴ӦΪǬֵ͵ҵǮûǬӣֻ¾͵ˡ
Ӵ񾭣͵ǮȻǱ֪嶯ħһ٣ͰӸˮˡ
Ȼһʱԭ򣬵֪ŰֵתˡʱǬղŸһģһǧϳһ֣ôӮˣԽֵ飬ԲǬֵˡ
ʱֵӣһǧӣǧĺҲӵˣ
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Ǭ׷ٴγͷĻᣬվɫɫʵ֪նôˣ鵽˿Ҫ˵Ȼ̫ӺͿ׷ӵλͷϵٵñӿɾժ˰
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331 ײС
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335 硿
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336 ˵á
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337 ࡭
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žžž
ǬӣʵιιιզЦ
̧ͷǬһۣˮ۾ΪЦˮԵˮģһɬġ
˶筺촽˵롭ꡭ룬ãô죿
ǬͷһӺ
˵Ŷղ˵ͱôã⵹Լ˵˰
һۣ˵ô
ȻǬ˵ֻǰ˵Ӿһ˵ͷѣʵʵûô˵ģ˵ҲȫܵİҪǳϻһֱǿҷǬȢ㣬ΪǬ˶ˣ
һ£Ǭãֿжߣ
ǬһͲ̫⿴ĸʱƯôƯǬ˿㣬ǸŮǬԽԽ˳ۣԽԽÿĸò࣬ʱһƯɣܿҲǿĸƯּΪޣû취ȢˣǾ͵͵ʲôҲпܰɣϻôҳϣ˵Űѷأ֮˳㡣еߣΪ㳤òϻĸ˵㣬òһӢ˻Ǭˡ
ðɣеˡ
Ǭ뵽᲻˹Ůи˳ϻˡȻ㳤ĸ˭֪ǲǸ˳ϻСأ
ιôˣ֣ҡһǬĶͷҡʵ
Ǭʶ˵û뵽Сˡ
üĿһǬæĿڣ˵û˵ãҲҪģǡҡװɣ
ꡭһЦˡ
ЦһӱǺˣǬȺˣæȥĺ󱳡
㣬뺦Ұ㻺˿Ժ󣬶Ǭһɣû˵
ǬƵ˵ҾҪ˵黰£ôôأ
ԼСС;ͺܱظ˵㲻˵黰Ȼ˵ôؿζģΥ׵ĻѾ黰סˣˣ
Ǭһʼ磬˵˵ǾͲҪˣԸ
룬ȷʵԸ⣬ȴֻش˺󲻾ʯͷԼĽشֻŮصǬһۡ
Ǭƣ˵˺˲˵ˣǳ󣬾ȥϰһ౦ӣٺٺ٣
㸸ɵø취ܲʳʵԭĿԸһ㣬ȻõĻۡúã˵Ǭ˵һ룬ɹİۣæ죬Ȼͷۡ
ۣǬųȥϰѪѵеԱǬԳͱһ£˵ҲϰˣҪ౦Ӹĸ֣
̣˵ӣ
ǬǰʱϲӾˡ
ɣһˮ˹
Ǭ
˵زѶ౦ת㣬ҵԸȻҪѶ౦ӼȥΪزҵѶ౦Ӹˡһһֶ౦ӣ͸֣һе㲻һˣǸ౦ӸȫˣһҾͿ౦һ㣬ĺû˺µЧᱻΪе壡
ǬʧؿӵϣȻҪԼԸӣƺֶĲˣǻ治̫ˬ
ˣҪĳ࡭ӣӵ˼ʲô˼˭ͻȻʵ
ǬһŸ͵࡭ӣӡ
࡭ʲôر棬⼸Ҹһֱڼ￴Ūʲôˡ
Ǭһˣϻݶó뵽ʲôˡ
һӵ֣ʲôҲʲôһŴӣǬ͵
㻹ǲܽʲôһ׵
㲻׼౦ӸȻʲô鶼ûˣٴηԸ
Ǭͷ
£Ҽү롣һܹ˵


338 ײ
˭
Ǭʡ
˻صҼү
ز
ãͻظȥǬӦһȻ㿴ȥ
ͱһǬ˵زǱߡ
Ǭ˳ָȥȻһվһͷӣز
ʱǸеҲ˵ҼүǱߵŵ¡
ǬһͷȻųȥ
һΣزվβ봦ղεģվһ
ϳ̫ӵ¡ز
Ǭȷס˵زöزǳɢɢɣɢãкô
վǬ棬زкز𣿡
СѾͷҲ˰ز簮ؿ㡣
ţһ౦ӵĴǵѵģΡ
زڰ֣˵౦ҲϳһִģҲ˸ˣҪˣϳҪһǡȻǵµˣǻرŰ
Ǭز˵˸ղų˵ûøղûиȻĻزˣֻ»жʹˡһǬֶ౦ӾͲʲôõˣǶؼҵˡ
Ǻǣ˾ϲ¡ز˰֣ȻֶǬ˵£ϳһڵ¡
Ǭһ㶣
ôˣ
ײزͻȻһ
⻰۾һ
ǬΪڽʲôˡ
ǿһȴûһƥ
ƥܹ󣬵ͷ
֣סͷȻͷϲ˲䣬Цġ
Ǭһһղز˵ҪƥǾҪƥ
ǡ
Ǭ˿ǿ׳ţǲ
ҿĻƥǳԵԵĶǳϲ
ǬʱرҪǰȥƥ
ͷȻָָǬ˼䡣
ȴ˻˻ؽ
Ǭͳ㿴źЦ
˵زĺײͨ˻һȻ棡ǬЦ
Ǭͷ۾Ŷƥռ
ײĴ۵ǬƺǬһˣӴҪҪˡ
֪ΪʲôҪƥĻ͸Ǭĵظײ
ǺײԸ⣬һɿڣͺ˻ţȻغŽһᣬɵ˵ϡ
ҡž޴壬ֻŻһһߵģһڵϴ
ǺǺǡǬͳ㶼Цˡ
ҪעһƥͨԵѾһƥˣһƥ˸ٷһ˵Ǹˡ
һڵϴȴԱŮЦ
ЦֻǾĵЦû壬ȴڳЦġ
һ˸ˣȻϲ˳Ц
˸ͬҲϲ˳Ц
ر⳰Ц棬һδˣӲˡ
ţͷȴǬǱߵһۡ
۴ɣô۾ɹǬϵЦͣסˡ
ҲȻ
ĵǬȥ
Ǭû취ֻؿز
زײ˵ðϷ˼꣬ǲǣٲ־ԺͲҪٻظˡ
ײһͷصһţ۾һգͲˡ

ǬͳһۣӶԷ۾￴Цˡ
ֻҪչƥϵӣ˶סˡ
ٶԺײ˵ʲô
ͺײš
һǬ֣Ǭ߹ȥ˵⺢ӣϲȾƣϷ򶫱ʱϷȾʱᵹƸȣȾƵķӡÿθ˰ƣ·һҡڵ߲ȡĪЦղҲǸҪӵˡ
һ䡣
ǬͳͷϿɣվͿˡ
Ǭ˵ʱƥװ͵͵۾һߣƺҪһ˵ʲô
Ǭһֱۣ۾
С˵ҪշƥֻҪóþȾͺã󣬾ͿԹԸȥˡ
Ǭɴ۾ô£ƥҲ̫ƭ˰ɣ
ˣӦÿš
Ǭ֣ȥþơ
һǬȻ󲻺˼ض˵زƥİô˵;أײôԸ⣬ͲҪ˰ɣ


339 
˰֣СѾͷ㿴һˣʲô̫ӵ£ܷãȻϷ򣬾ֻǵѰ
˸еĻǬͳҲ˸
ƥװʱ۾Ȼᡣ
Ǭˣһθпˣ
һ˸еʱˣ׾ƵǬǰ棬Ǭ˵£ˡ
Ǭžƣֿ
ǬȻһҪĶȻһЦ̫ӵ£ǺþƣϳԸͬ
ðǬӦ
ղ֪ҪȵģžˣҲͬž
ʱÿóˣǬһȻ
Ǭָ£һ׾ƸˣȻװĲԶ
ŨŨľ㣬Ʈװıӣװһ£̧ͷ˿ǬûߣٿһƸף㰡
ٴСĵؿ˿ĲǾĵȻƸȥ
ǰȾƣľҲģȻȵôĿˮҲˡһϰԵĶ˼άƸӵĿˮˡ
ţ㣬þƣǵͷһ£ľƾˣһڣ㰡
СĵؿһţҲںȣǰһһغžƵ龰񰡣ֵͷ
ֻƸ£ֻһƵ׶ѣһӾͱȹˡ
ײǳ⣬үһûģôƾû˰
ǳ˻˻ؽš
Ǭʹ˸ɫǬžƹȥȲү
Ǭžƹȥײŵ˺þƣϾ̧ͷǬһȻغߺ
ǬѾһݣү㶣˿ǳİľƣֿ˿ߵؾ
ЦүȾƣү򵥵Ĵ룬̫ǸС;ƵģشүģԸصһͷͷ˾
ǬүţȻָʾƥȾƵͷ
үǳԸ⣬ȴΪҪǬϵľƣԾֲԿ
үԼռˣ¾ͿԺȵ׾ˡ
ֻƺúǺúȣôƽʱľƲһƽʱô໹ţںȴͷʼˣһȵĸоҪ裡
Ǭ˿Ť貽үתͷүôˣ
뿪ֻºײƷˣǺǺǡǬֵ
Ǭһ˷Ʒˣ
ܵԱߣ˾һƥŤ壬ǬԳ˵ʶһˣܿˣƥүһ
ͻֶôʵ
Ǭҡͷ˵ǣˡ
ǲҲˣֿһ˸һǶЦ
û㿴һ¡Ǭ˿Ȼڳǰ˼ˣܿ貽
һ£ȻĿǬ裬үӴȻô񰡣
ǺǺǡЦ
˿ҲЦˡ
ΪӣԱ첻Цݵ⣬һЦġ
Ǭ˼ӣͣĨһºˮ
Ǭֽ˲ͷ˵£Ҫ棬ҲҪôǰѧ谡
ŶСӾȻôԼΪ̫ӵˡ
ãǸͻݵӣ
ǬЦһ£ͷӦ
ղȷʵˣܿ貽ֻƳ￴ǹһ˰ɡ
ƽʱǬóôֻǬᱻΪǹˡǸղүģԾͱͳΪǬΪү˺󣬸Ŷһ¶ѣᱻΪˡ
ǬˣΪǬûкҲʺ̫õ衣үˣȻῼЩ볪ͳûй˼ɣ
ʱ˵ʯϣȵʯϣƵ
Ǭӡһ
һ£Ȼ
Ҳ֪ǬҪʲôЦϷĺײҲֻֻӣϷʮ޵У
ôһ˵ǬײӸӺˡ
ǿүһүˣһ͵˵ˡ
Ȼ˺
Ǭ߹ȥ˿үӣףӺ㲻һ


340 
ҿǬ߻˵
󣬾ץ㣬Ǭ
Ǭ˿Ȼԭ̬㣬үһʲô
ܻȥ˿Ȼһ㶫
һϸɳʯȻ̶档
ΪǬμӹһĵ·ޣԼֶɳʯϺ󣬾⸱ӣ
صԱߣʵزײǲǰȹһճճĶȻӦմϾͲˣɳʯһϣͳˣ
ȵؿǬ֪
ŶǾͶˣ࣬ԭˣǬһĶͷ˵һֶ

ǬЦʱϰȴһҽС
ЦǬһ㶡
תͷȥԭˤˡ
Ǭһۣ˵Ϸȥ
æȥǬһµصȥ
һȺΧһƥصȴûˡ
ôˣǬʵ
ԱǼǬһæǬǰ֡
ֽǬ˵£ղλֵܵˤˣˤȳˣ
˶ƥǰ㣬ԣǰԳһѿڣ˿˿ѪҲͣ
Ǭֽ˵ôģ㱻ˤȳ˺ıֻϲ˳ˡ
ֻԺ󶼲˰ػ˸е˵
Ǭһȵôأ
ǬĻǬղ뵽ĶʱͿóˣ
֪𣿡Ǭɨˣʵ
ƣػֽһ㶡
ؿǬ
ԣֻҪƣƥ˵󣬾ͿԸƣͿԴˡǬ˵
һˤ˺һ㳣ʶﶼûˣֻˣû뵽Ǭ˵
ǬղҲǴƥү뵽Ƶġ
ƣҲ㲻ʯͷȶ˵Ĺߣ˵Ьһ㡣
˵ǬЬһ㡣
ȻǬ˺ܻΪһ䡣
ΪʲôǬǵȵ˿ү뵽أ֮ǰôõû֡
Ҫ֪ʶ棬ϰ˵ˡǬǸϷˣԽǰûȻ֪ȴǲ˼ˡƳûļһĶ
һǬһˣΪԼ޹صĶٷʱ򣬻뵽˷룬ΪҪ鷳˲ŷģǶп޵ģǷ룬˵ˡ
⼸ǲģүʯϵ󣬲žһ
ģͻȻһ׹Ǭ
òˣһ֪ǳϻˡ
ǬתȻϻһڷһ˹
ףһ죬æ
ϻǬǰ棬ץס֣ƣ
壬ҪУǬЦһ¡
û뵽ŮȻˡ
Ŷǳʲôģϻżʵ
ǬȻ£˵Ҫֽܻ룬ֽҲ̫׼˭Ļˮƽ̫أŶˣҪһ
ϻӦãؼСȥֽ
ػæӦ
˺󣬳ϻйкϸ磬Ǻ˰ⶼСһ˹
Ц岻˰ܳߣĺΣ
Ǭ⻰˵౦ӵ϶Ĳ֣˵ԱĺӣǬеǳ˶౦ӵıķһ㰡
˿ƥԵãһʱķѣ
ϻк󣬾Ͱ۾㣬һ
Ǭ棬ųϻ
Ǭ͵壬ճǬ·һԼ౦ӣҪʼˣ
ϻǬ۾ڿһ͵Ů
үүˣػܻˡ
ǬתͷȥػһŴӵͷ󺹵
ϻػϵֽǬȻǬǰ棬ȵôƣ
Ǭо˶ܺߣ໥һۣͽ
ơ


341 ײˡ
341
Ǭ۽£õòеĻͼ£ʵķ⣬ܿͶһ˽⣬ȻƲŶǬλ֤һܰġ
ػһƥҪҽһȥǬ˿ϻְעŵԼϣͺһȥ
ϻǬǬ͵ûңô죿Ŷˣһȥ֡
Ȼ֣͸˽ˣ
ϰԶܿ켸̡
Ǭػƥ飬ˮж೤ȻͿʼ
һͭɫƤļ⣬ȸϣ䣬𻨷ɽ
һͣˣһ鶫ݽˮһŨŨˮһԲǬǵǰ
Ǭе̵˿мҵģ˵ܲܲ
õˮǰ棬ػ˵Ӿ
ػæ
ǬűȻ£˿ΪûƵıЩҪǶƻ˺
õǬ֡
óһϵ߳ϵǬĶͷһ£㣬ôĵɱ࣡
ѵȥӱóһѶ̵
Ǭ£Ҫһ
ػæ˵£
áǬøػһ˵ƽˡ
ػĽǸȥ΢ŪƽһЩǬȥһȣĿٵһ¡
ŪúǬ˸ӣҪ֣ػĿɰˣֻðѻø
ƵһƵĻʷ壬ͱػˣ
ػϺܼ̣ûɳǬػһߡ
һƳɹˣæ
ֻװһƻȵˮϺһӾ͸оͬˡ
Ǭػȥһܣ
̤Ȼ죬ػıƺܲϰߡţүүƥү̤Ź磬һ̤衣
һȦʯͷĵطܣǬػ
ãػӦ
ƣƹȻһ
£ôͻ뵽أ㼤˵
ĳĿ⣬ǬĶˡ
ǣҲ˭ǴƵķӣǬҪشţ
ҪƽʱǬţʱȴǳܣ̵ĬĻ
ǬתͷԱֳƬ˵Ҵһš
ŶӦ
˵ҲҪһ
Ǭһ³㣬ƥԸϰǽеһ
ЦЦǬһȥ̸˵ȥˣƽʱôֶľ˵˵
Ŷô˵ƽʱĶ˸ȥˣ߷߲ƽ˵
Ǭͷ
ôô󷽰ôö˵ˣоͺԼĶһ㡣
ǰҾô󷽡ʲôѵˣǬ·һߣ¡¡̳
Ǭעŵ棬ͻȻһ½ţǰһ㣬ǬоԼһʪһ£Ѿĳ㡭ҡҲ̫˰ɣ
ϲǬĿɫҪ̵һ㣬æ˵ҵˡ
һͰǬг嶯Ĩɱˣ

ˣϻޱȿɶ
ǰҲǬŮղ˻£ץס죬˵ϸҴһ
үѾһˣǳذѸմõ
ϻӹǰȴ֪ôֻ
ػүү
ػװϺ󣬳ϻıȥˡ
ҵģҵģǴһ
ʮԱΧ
㶣ͷ
ȻǱϾǶ٣һ˵ЧҲˡ
Աɵӣһʹȥҵڶˡ
ܿԱǾͷɢˣʣĸԱš
ǬǣϻˣЦſ㣬㿴ղңǲҪһأ
Ťӣܾ
ǬһЩңôأ
ҵῴģ
ȥˣῴ
ô˵ҵأΪҲף
ûղʱôأɣұͳˣ
Ǭſ˫֣˹ȥ
Ҫư͵һ¡
ʱһ¡¡عˡ
ͷģǳ̴ֻܣ


342 
æƿǬæ˿װûǬȵӣת
Ǭڷ㶵ʱ򣬳̴ĳǹܶԱǲܵǰ棬
ȻҲǬó㣬ͺûһ㡣
һͳ̣ƴûУң
һ㶡
̴һЦһĺԱߣ˵ҵװϣ
åһΪ֪롣
౦ĶԱ˵Уξȶġ
Ҳϳõģ̴ӵ˵
Ǭͱһ³㣬㿴磬ҪҪˣ
Ŷͷͷȥʶ̴һ㡣
౦ӵԱȻȴó̴ûʲô취
ڳ̴£ҲʼƶǹܶӵԱҲ˵ڵ
౦ۿ˴ǹֻܶ¹ѲڣӮֻҲΣգĸ౦ӵһ£ǣˣǬϰˡ
˳̴ƣ͸ĳǹܶӵŪúͽ˻ûƵĳǹܶӵĶϵؿʼ
һǹܶӵĹ⿴򲻳һ㣬ҪǶʮ˵Ҫð
йܲͷˣʵ㲻ܿ𣿡
ˣˣƵ˵
ϻǼӿٶȣúܿ죬𻨷ɽ
ʮΧ̴ͷѾװƣȥΧһȦˣٺЦػˡ
ſǬãһ㶣˹ʧǵǬǬֺãСƣղŵҽȥأ
Ŷ湻˾ͻȥӦ
̴С˵ţҿһ඼ûУɣȥҲġ
Ǭ⻰ɺˣϻĻõģ
ǿԿ̴õĸܺá
ʵղǵİɣ
԰̴Ǭ˵£㷢ģߣ벻Ķ뵽ˡϳΣôȻûЬһ룬ϳƨ¶ƥˣһƥ⣬һҲᱻϳ̲ϧʹöˤȳ˽Ŷˣ
ܸоõ̴⻰Ƿĵģ
ԼĸǬԺתͷһǬ
ǬһۣٺһЦ
ϵĻװϰһǹܶӵĹܺ
ʱһͬʱϿһ㰡ҵƻûأ
һ˽һһǴֱåЩܣʱҲû취ǵĻ
֮ʱҪôѸѹҪô˷ѡ
һп˷ѵˣûзԼȥɹܵĻȴ뵽һӦ֮
ûзһ˲ݻԱ߲ôֻܿ
λȱ𳳣ҴһǸһĹ˵
һ㶣ѾѴ˹ܣֻýӹȻʶش
ָǺͨͨ˵򣬰ˣ
˵ܵǸҪװƵĹԱߣ
һͷȻץ
ùһСԹ˵Ҫµĵطƽˣٰϣ
Ŷ϶֡
ܶΧ˹ȥվԱ߶ָֻô㣬ȻѰ˸棬һƾŪˡ
ָܶˣԼܸװˡ
ָӺúȥǸĹܵĳɼһˣôôôƫˣ
һ㶣ܹȥһӣԹ˵Ҫ򣬿ãƴȥȥˣҪһֱһߣǵôߣ
ŶŶӦ
һܴģˣص˵ͷ
һֻȵü˵ĹܰѺмҷ緶һץȻҪôԼһ
ҲǱҪһ˴ҪʲôʱܰеȻԼܴΪʲôҪأ
һҲ뵽ԼִһΧȥҲңң
һ㶣ֻӦããͽ̣


343 ơ
ֻ״Ĺߣܿ챻ֻܸˣֻƵվԱߡ
ͬһʦվԱ߶ǽн̵һﶣ
ܿЧʳˣܺܿŵĹܽӹȥϡ
Ǭͳ̼վԱߣŹţ˵Ǵ󰡣
̴ٺһЦȫһ֪Σ
ڳ̴˵⻰δʱȻ
һǬ˶һ㶣һӶ౦ӵԱˣǰػ
ȵػ˸ǰ̴ʵҲٰôôȫŪˣ
ػصŶ̴磬ȥѳ̶ˣһһ̣ǵȻǿˣ̴ôˣúڣ
̴˰֣Ƶû
ǬЦų㣬˵ȻȥɣҪزõˣ
ţȹȥˡһƣ͸Ǭ
ʮƥ̤ڵϷԵ÷ǳƣϰʱžƵزͳϻ̲סͣһƵӣ۾﷢Ź⣡
౦ӻȥѵǬ󱲹밲
ƥүʱѾ˹ˣûƵĺ֢ѹڵϣͷؿǬ
ǬʱǬһۡ
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349 Ⱥ֮롿
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ʳ̾һ˵ϵ鶼ȥˣŮٻֵ࣬ƾȻϵ˺þãӵڶȥĵطˣˡ
ǬƤ˵ôа
ʳͷ
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ʳգգһ۾˵ӻ֪Լʲô֣
Թ֪𣿡Ǭ˵
ŶʳӦ
ʳ뿪ǬоƺӵĲһ
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ûзɻƻˣҲķΪ֡
ΪƵ֣ǬѾ֪ӵ˵һֻ׼ŵĸˡΪȸһʳĲ˱
Ȼ˵һֻŵĸӣǬȴҪĸá
һֻӣһã˵ֻӷų󣬳һŹҪϰѸͻȥ͵ڶ⣬ǻأ


361 Ÿ
ҪţһǻЩʲôǬһ䡣
Ǳ߳ŽӣǬĻ󣬲̧ͷߣƺо仰в˼Ƶġ
ϾֻԣȴЩִ֮ʻ㣬ֻǿ˿ǬֵͷԶˣ
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ԣܷɻǸ⣬ҪŵĸӣͲָеĸӶһֵģǬҪоһΪʲôǲˡ
ʵⲻôȥоףׯȺӳĵطĵطõĵطȻǬʳĲԣǸǻΪǱ߲ǵļңԷŷɺǾͻԼļˣ
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һ¼ҲӦչһС裬ôļױأ
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ׯӣǬȥ˧Լõ֡
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౦ĳެҪųһΡ
Ǭ˵ʱһȥ
磬ˣ˧߻˻֡


362 á
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363 á
363
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ǲǣҽüžǬ
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364 ҡ
Сôĵ۾ǬһʱÇ壡
磬㡭ñ죬ĵ˵
նһã˵
ú۾ضǬ˵ǲҵ꣬뿪
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365 ơ
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ɵɵҪں㣬ѵĲҪˣ


366 ɱˡ
ĸôɰãô죿Ǭ˵
תͷһû˵ڵʱǻһˣ˰ǾҲû˱ˣֻɶ۸ɶû¹
նȻǸǿˣǬ˵ЩԤģ˺ֻǬ⼸հ׵ĻصĶ࣡һʱ䣬ļӲ鱻ײˣҲƲס۵ؿ
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408 ؽڡ
Ǭ˦˦֣Ȼ󲻷˵һİ취
⻰ɺӲЦô԰
ǬЦ֣ǣס֣Ѿ׼Ǭһؽڵѹųָ
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ʱ˵ˣҪŪһ޹
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409 ׼
û޹Ǭָ˵һһ쿪ţŶӵ˲ÿŶӵһֻһƿƿ࣡
ȻԽԽãôǬﷴ޹ˣ
Գʳ嵣С¼˵ѯĿ⣬⻹кڳѩⱻ̧ĲĿ⣬ǬشԵø߹ⶫپ٣Ǿ͵ˣԿŲˣԺҲҪֶͨͬΣȻŸ߹ĵλ
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̫ʱڴţǣҵ꿪һǳ𱬣ԺǵĴģǮˣ


410 ûɷԡ
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ǬԱ߸żҪֹǬֲңҪһµ̫ҲǲңǾվԱ߾ᡣ
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Ǭ۾һûǿɰòС֣Ŵȥһ˵ߣȥ
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̫ҡҡͷСϻ۾һǬĻ￴ʲô
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411 ѩ꡿
ǬָǸ뿪̫࣬˵Ҽǵ˵̫࣬ǸˣԺ̫ǿꡣаٶ԰ɣ
ǬǰԺ󿪵飬ǶǬ֧ǿˣɷĵظˡ
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˸Ǭ棬һĻһߵͷ
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412 ͻƷῪʼˡ
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ӻˣҲֹͣ˴֣໥к


413 ͷˡ
ƷᣬǬͱ˹ζɿˡ
ƷĶŮԵᡣŮ˿Դо볡
վǬ˶ǸǵŮ˽ģǱ߻ڳķҲǸŷġţȻ⻹ʮһķŰǸġ̫Сûš
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˶ûдŮʹųģǬ뵽ĳЩ飬ɶ
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ǬźŵŮ㣬˵ʲôˡ
ʲôأûǬĻӦֵתͷǬӻһζԼϴգһ죬ȴûоֻܾһ¶ѣ쿴ҵΪʲôˣ
Ǭعæ⣬ţǳ򵥵⣬ȴó߰ģھ͸ָԵĵطȻȷĴ𰸸д
⣬Ҳ뿪ԱߣŮһֱû뿪Ǭ
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Сϻʱ˷ܵز죬˵Ƕļ۸Ϊ׼ԱۣҪǼ˶࣬Եѩ࣬ǾҪӼˡ취һ˵ȥЩ˿ˣȫܹǮԱˡЩѾ򵽵Ĺ˿ҲǮǺǺǡ
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ǬûЩѩĿɵӡǵӦ֪ǹǿѩ꣬Ǯ͹Ҳó˵һǰǮˡ
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һ䣬˶ϲ̵ģȸղ˵׬ʮỹҪˣ
£ʳ
Ǭתͷȥһ
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ʵʱе㵣ĵģҲ֪ǷʲôŹԱأҪдˣҪȥǬϲ֪ܲϴˡ
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˵˵Χ˶ŲʲôģΧҲˡǬŴ󷽵ĸǿ
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416 μԺ
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ϵ۱ʣǬЩԺԼ۱ʣȻõ˼һΰְҵ˰
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·˼׼˵ⲻ̲ӣ󱳵ȸҪϰ
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·˼һ㶣һ̲סҪǬӡ


417 Ժ׼ơ
ǬҲһһΪĳ嶯·˼ֻǸ·ģ˵Ҳûãֻõµ˵ˡ
Ǭ·˼׵Ĵ·£ȥԺӵĿγ̡иٿΣĻΣǬоȤǸܿΡ
γ̣ѵѧԱʱҴʱķӦҪοƣ̬鷴ӦƣлⷴӦ̺αסܡ
ǬֲؿǱ߼ðҽеѧԱݶ˶Ҳڸ¶ϸ˵ģû뵽İˡ
Ҳ֪ЩѵеѧԱʱûǸˣ
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Ǭ˵Щյ飬û¶УһǬ˵£ϴν̸ҵķؽڣҾҲġ
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Ǭվ˵Ҹʾһ£վһȭȻ
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ТҲһ뱲սˣһеģǬȻ峤øߴ󣬵Ҫ治ТĶ֣ȴû뵽Ǭһšָվˡ
ȵǬѷؽڵļɸǬָ飬Ǭŵ
Ȼǲ̫ӵģȥ溰һȻûšסָزҽһ
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418 Ů
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󣬵ͤ£ϻȻһǬʼ˵ʱѸûܻġȻˣҪٳһġ
ǬЩףҪԼʱ˵ϣ
֪ԼĿģ˵ϻġ
ҵһᣬ壬Ǭһ£㶼Ҫһ𣬲֪һֱܾԭʲôǳǬΪ˲ãò˵óǬĹǬ뵽˶ģó
ϻƺȽƽͣǬĻû̫ķӦһشǬۣڷʵ֪ԭ򣿡


419 ԭ
Ǭˣգգ۾
ϻȻǬ֪
ϻǬȻ֪Ȼôʲô
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Ǭʱɲϻķϻʾ䣬Ϊķϻʾоˡ
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512ĸ׽ڣףĸ彡

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ػǸӣΪõĲѧѧǬӵＤ飬һӰǬסˡ
ǬԼǸӣǸԭ



430 ʤʱ̡
ǬԭµǣĹҲܱ̫Ǭܲˡ
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431 Ѵ

רҵҽ߽ʱ򣬿˿ϵɫͲµĲһͰĲȷ˳
ùĴ򿪵ҩǸ֪Ĵ򣬿ҩһ㶼Բ֢
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432 ߡ

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435 ɽƷ

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Ǭȥʱ·ǺȾƵĵط̹ڶʹعնӵԱЩƻǳ̴ĬصشҵĴóƣѾһնԱȵÿ첻ˡ
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437 Ƴ޼
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440 ȸ״

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444 ʷʷѡ

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죬Ǭȥһţףô
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445 ֽ

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ӱﻹ˵ͱǬˣȻſڣתȥ
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446 ֽһ⡿

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447 С

ӽǷˣ΢΢Թ
Ǭͣ˺Сµ̸ΪԼıԹЧˣ΢΢һϲ飬һ岻죬һ̸ûȣԼһ㡣ŮأԹԭ򲢲΢С飬Ҫ˵עѡ
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448 ܡ

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ǬⲻҪԼĹԼ뿪СĻҪȥˡ
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ʺͶǬͣ½鷳
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Ǭߣú˵ʲô



449 ұ

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ôˣҪʲôأ
߼˵ҵķôҪ˰ҹǬܿ뵽һסұ
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Ǭһ󣬷ԼֻǵúĵȴЩǲסˡ
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£ΣʱˣСӳߵǬǰʵ
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嵸˹ˣͷʵ£ĳ̾𣿡
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ǵΰĳ棬Ͽ
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ǳúǬһұԵµ
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СӳæܵԵµǰ漯ϣǬͦͦţ˵ڽ̴ҳһ׹衣Сӳʷַȥ
СӳֵߵǬǰ棬Ȼһʣȥ
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æͣǰȲó𣡽ɽ
ˣʿǸų
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450 żҡ

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ǬĸﻹǱȽϿģ̫ǣŮ֣ǰôôƽʱڹ˵ˡ뵽ŮҸҲοЦˡ
˸ֱƣ¶ˮҲ˽ˡ
ְѻ¶ˮ͵ĸõķˣмá¶ˮѾ˳ŮԵݻƷĸջسû죬˵¶ˮûȥڼŮȻǸˡ
Сĸ˵˼䣬ĸ۾һȻ˵غŮ
һ˵ĸһǬߣǬöĲոšǱߵӣǬ֪һǰѻ¶ˮķ߸ˣȻҲѻ¶ˮϰˡĸǶǬŮеԽԽϲĸо
߹Ǭ˵ҪĸȥԺǬȻֹ
ŮߺǬո̸еˡǵһμ棬ûʲôԽոھ֮񣬸Ǭ˵ĶǱȽϹٷʽĻոǵгģ˵⻰УǬľĻˡ
Ǭǵ˵ո̨ʷҲ̨ݵгϷȽϽǬѻⷽʡ
ոƺҲǬԼˣһЩԼ֮󣬶δٳİŵĵǣ



451 ˡ

̫ӵ˵ȻԵ̫ݸˡ
֮ǰŵ̨ԶĵطȥгеίˣǬ̫Ůһ㶼ûаģҲ̫ˡ
ǰֵ̫ģǬˣɲίˣ
˵ҪһΧѿĿ⣬ҲҪΪһ£ƽʱҪһ¸ĸףôҲҪոڳﵱ٣
ǬոԼΪŮ⣬õһˣᾡذոġ
ոϲɫؽǬ⡣
ȡʱһ¶֮ɫ˵ֳΪһĸ٣ôõطնˣǲ岻ʲţѰ˽ף
תͷǬļ׵˵Ϊһôһı˽
˵ʲôᣬˣܺгļͥգһӾͱƻˡ
ոܵ˵һ죬εؿһ
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ǬͶòðʱ˵û꣬һ˵ն壬㲻𣿡
⻰˵̫ˣЧͬһһ㣬ߴߴõһ㶣ܴ㵵ؿǬոҲһΪǬͻȻðĴĻԾ
Ǭȴûһ㣬þָҪָǬʱ˵֪ʲô𣿡
һһ㶣ǬûǻشԼ˵ΪģǶԳ𾴣˵ֳҲǳ֮һǳԾòر˵žǣ֮ͽȴָָŴˣ
ڹͣǽһõȴû˵һȡ֣˳ֵɣø˸Ѫͷ
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ѵ̫Ӳ̫ʣ
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452 ̫ڡ

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ո⻰¶ϲ֮ɫ뵽øղŵĻɵĵ˵ǵ°ҵسֻҵ֮ܵ˵ġ
ȻҸҸµţǸҺǾǶҸʵָֻˣǬ˵
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ʱƮ˽Ǭոȥ嵺ĸЦȻ˽ǸղŽԺȥ绨¶ˮˡ
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ԥ˺һʵܲջˣڴӦ
ӱ˸Ҫʮʮһ嵣Ǭȥ
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˵Ǭ°һŭ˵
ǵ˼ٷ˽ˣһܽӴˣǾÿɣ͸ǸˣԽԽ٣Ϊ˲ݾߣûȥץһֱȥһС塣·˼˵
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˵ƻ˵£ϴǰҪѵƶˣ



453 ҩ

ˣˡͷɵĺصС£һ䡣
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СʵôѵƸˣǵģ
ıԹС°һۣĶ֪ôͬ͵˵Ķ֪ôֹ͵СʱһǶŴĶ뵽ټһĵڶ¾ǰѵƸˡǲ˵ˣѵҪԼĶС¿ɲԸ⣡
ҲֻǱԹһʧСԲΪ˶ģҪµģ磺
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ʺǬ˵ĳԷѾľˣֲ֣ƵذĵڶֺңһߵȴǬĻش
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Ǭ¸ɲΪʲôôҪ»ޣΪԭһ¸ɲǰ»޸ŪˣΪ»޶ҪԺܸߣެڲҪ»޻ȥ򳡣



454 ǧǧ»ޡ

ʺǬķϿɣصһͷ
ǬùʺǿŻûаֺңŴƤһͳˣȻ󵹽
ɵһźż˵֮ǰ˵ɣެǸ˵ĹңڲȨֻǸ¸ɲҪ»ȥѹţǰ»޸ŪЩʱ䣬ǹһңެ˶кôģ
ʺֽݹǬӹ˲֭졣
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ʺ˵ͷ˵˷ú㸸ܸⷬ˵ġпվͶȥ㸸˵˵»ȴǲҩҲ֡
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һ㣬ͳˡοҲɾøҲʲôֵ鰡Ǭʵ˵
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ǻǱʺˡ
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ţĻǸǰĻҽڡʺЦ
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ص˶ǬԴεأָ˼£˺üشƻǬˣ˳㻵ެ͸߾湻ضԶģ
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ǬץĽţһ㶣ûֽô£
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ȻӾ˵㣬˻Ҳʲôİ
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ίػˣĽȻûš



455 ͬ

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˵ҪƵƣڵ顣ũΪǬܿ뵽ϡ
ˣһֵ֪𣬾һεģǬ˵
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ڵĵӣģոǵΣһҪĶడܰʳҲһش
ո˺þãûм
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ϻͷĸ˵ǺԺԴӽסûлˣΡ
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465 ˵ԭ

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Ǭһʱ˵ĺˣ˵ʮ𣡡
ǬڵǲǰװߣΪԼǰ̫ˡ
˵ǻʺҲʲôҲ˵㡭ǸǬעһ㣬˵Դףź˰˵
Ǭο˵ĸ˵Ҫ޽ˡһСˣĸ˵ƨɴ
һ䣬Ϻ죡
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ǫһ£ʵʵ̫ҲӦܺ
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Ǭ仰ȴ뵽ǰҲ
ΪĽһӸоǰδеΣգ֪ԼҪиӣԼĵλңȻ֪ôǬᰮģǰó𡣻лʺǱߣһֱΪûӶЩϲԴӸ˵ڵĵһˡ
ǬǸɷ򣬶ŵľڶмģ֪Ҫˡ
嵸֪ЩϣԺĸ¥ǲòֵġ
ǬģǴһĺᰡ
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Ů˰߶Ǭװ
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ڵ˳ˣ»һǬ質ɢ˿ظ質ǬʱڵһҪʱ̵ĵˡ



468 »ޡ

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Ǭ˵ǻ»ҲҪƴ䡣ʱͻȻһ𣬷һ졣
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ʽ˫Ȼĥˣһ֣»޾ʹˡ
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Ǭ仰ȴо⻰ƭְ˭ܿ϶ǳϻƭŮȥأϻǼһΪƭŮȥ˵Լ˶пܡ
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һͷǬӻȥԼڳȥ˳̸
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ʱһŰµ˴Ӹ˳һҶѾǣſڵˡ
ܵţһ£˵棬ȥޡ
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һ·ϣĳ̼ˣȫ£ߵ˴ϻһ
尡ô˰尡ԺҾû˰ߡ
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469 ̸ɥ¡

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ҳ̼ڼҲǳڼ޵ĸǳ̡ϻµʱ򣬼޾Ŀɽˡ֮ļϻڳǲģѼ͵ȥʮǰ̷˻˳ʱϻͰѳ̷͵ȥóڼ꣬ȵ˻λһжȶ󣬲Űѳ̷Ӽ޽˻
һͯ꣬ڼȹģ幫үүûκβŷǳĸ顣
һӣֻ˼ӣˣΪϵ׵ĳϻһңҪȫȥˡТ꣬ڳϻ˵ʺϣڳ꣬󣬳ֻ̼˲ŵĵزˡԳϻ£ʣµɶŮȥء
ͳڼ޳ģڼТʵġ
Ǭڱϻеһߣ˵Щ˵ʱ򣬾֪˳İˡ
ɫЩ
Ȼ˲ǳϻŵģǳϻȴǬͳˡ
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ҪһȥǬ˵ĸǸȵˣԺϲġ
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Ӧ
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ĸ󣬵һֱãҲϲãЩԺദ件ҪȥТ꣬¿ãɷȶһԼٽý˵
ûʺһ£Ȼ˿Ǭٿ嵣ܿĹϵˡ
嵱ȻͬϿ˳ˣ˵£Լ뵽Ǭͱġ
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470 ǰһա

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Ϊ֮ǰʺᵽҪѳȢ䣬Ҳֵ÷ǳϲ㡣
ҪǬͳ㶨»Լȴ˵²УʵǬ⡣
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ΪʲôǬʵ
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Ǭ뵽һ취ղֻû뵽ʺ˵¶ѡ˵ĸʵףԵ͵ģ̫ֻҪһּȥͿˡʥֻּҪ̼ҵϾˣ̼Ҳųɥ£дʥּʱ򣬿԰ʱд졣
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⡭ʺ˴Ȼ뷴ԣǳҪؼˣȷʵҪһԼ
Ǻðɣȥ㸸ʡʺվǬȥ˸¶
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һ£۾ɨʥּһЩš
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ǬȻϵĲ½õͷϵıǬȥСȥˡ
һǬʺС˵ʲôʺһƽϲϵ˵ȴͨ죬Ҳ֪˵ʲô£ͨµٸ
ǬæãĨĨƺҪڸϵĺΡ
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ʺǬ󣬻ͣǬ͸оʺһϢ
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ĸҸǲһĺ˵ֿʼЩϵˣǬʵ
ʺһ㶣ʵ⻰ô˵
ҲǸղſ˼ʿڸ¶ſھԲ뵽ġȻ׷彡õԸЩǲҳԵģ˷кԻĸһ¸ʡǬ˵
ʺһЦ˵õġһ㸸ʵġ



471 ͳ

Ųţ
š


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ŶһˣӦÿԷ˰ɣǬЦá
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ڶǬˬ΢΢üƣذ˯嵸˸ǱӣԼ·˳ȥ
СϺ˶棬Ǭ˵̫ûѣ˯һ
СϺɫƽ˵ǡ
ȻǬ¥ǵĶһۣһ졣
Ҫȥͳ㣬Ǭ·󣬾ͳ˹Եµʱ죬ұһ;
˳̸ʱ̸ſźܳӣе˵еǷŶžǰһ㡣Ǭ̸߽Ҳ˳
ȻҪȥɥǳǬ¸๫һ㺦ߡ
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صԺѾѹˣǬϲһ졣ȻѾϷˣ黹졣
𣿡˸Ļ⣬ʵ
Ǭͷѳ˵
ҲЩꡣ
ڹŴΪͨ㣬Ժ;зǳײ
ǬҪο嵵ʱһ̫˽˵
Ǭܿ˼Ժ·˼ס
£Ƿٵκˡ˵
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ˣϴ˭˵κɵĵ𣬱ҪɱǱˡ
κڳϺţӣǬЩ뵽һץĶ̴ɸֻͣԭµĲˡ
κǳڷ飬ǿκıֵκڳеĵλûġ
ȴû뵽κȻ˵µⲻ
ԺɲֱǬͿƵģԺֱӿТô¼κ᲻֪
ʵ۶췴ˣġ
ôϰκˣȴüԺ·˼װϢǬǬ
һֱӸǬȥңǸһɵգ˵ˣʾûбʾ
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˰죬Ǭĥ˼ȥ£簴Լµķĺá
ĥ˼Լķȴдˡ
Ǭ·˼ףʵ˵һ˵Ǽӵ˵һ¡
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ǬЩκٵĹϵҪҪ顣
κ֮ǰһֱֵúܰǬǬƫ̻κˣǾͻᱻΪǬκһġǬͲˬٵİΪȻΪκĹϵάǡ
ҼԺ鱨ҲһǶԵģ˵κǱԩأ
ȥ
·˼ǬȻҪȥɴˡ
£⡭·˼Ϊѵ˵
⼺Ǭ˵
Ȼ˵ٺκż棬ΪȴҪǰȥ
Ϊ˲ݾߣҪλǰţǬھݶϣһֱز
·˼֮ǰǬͲסįסԲžΪѣڼǬʲǼҲˣǬܽ˵ġ



472 κ

ȴʱ䣬õġ
ҹԽԽڣΧԽԽ
Ǭ·˼ףһſݶϡ⴦լԺĲԶżʮ⻹кʯٸرʿֻҪǬһ£ǾͻΧסԺӣȻץסˡ
֮ǰǬһﾭͣһ£ƺǿ˵ʲôͣ񣬼ǰȥ
ڸߴŵǬȴؿһˣԺţϳߺһ˲µذԺŸˡ
ǸˣǬһӾκ
Ѿ֤·˼׵Ϣȷġ
κԺӺ󣬾ǻصԼļһݵ˵ƣһ飬ŵƣԺ£еؿ
Ǭݶûзκ춯һֱκ
κҲûзԺݶˣҲûԼµľ򣬾ȻܿͶˡ
¾նۣãκ鿴ԣʱǶݷĸп
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ֻȻᷢľӣһָпһʡܲ١ǬϷ֣κ尡
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Ҳ̫Ϸ绯˰ɣǬȻ濴Ǭԣʱʱطߵ֮⣬ʵӵļһβͶҪˡ
һַưǬ˵ֱǼ尾
ּ尾һֱ˽Сʱ˵ɱ֣ʱҪĲɱ
ղţǬ뱻߱ȵľκԺһСʱһֱڿһû걾壬Ȼʱط͸пһظſһ飬һһ飬ֱ飬ֲ˹Ǭſ棬ܶһ£Ϊһ²֪᲻ʹһƬƬȥˣŪʲô죬κˣĻκµͻڷǬ˵Լжġ
û֤ݣǬҲûа취ˣֻþش档
ڣڣˡ
ǬȥһǸһѾˣ
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κԺûһź󣬶һûţּģûȥţһΣŵĽ࣬ǰοʼͬ
ѵͷĴ˽ˣκûпţ
һεˮԴˮˣ
һκȻûȥš
βͬĽ࣬ǬΪǲŽ˵ʱκվԺţ򿪺Թ߻Ժм䡣
ȻŸϣŶκԹκϴŷʽܸܲĵüһ£˰죬ҪǱ˷ô죿
κºӦŽӣϷ˺ܶģ˲ңôȥˣɣڶͿȵȥ
˵˭֪ٲΪȻ˵ŶκĲ
ǴСΪѾ˵棬ôңκ˵
˵ڶ뷨ԽԽͬˣҴ̫ߣ飬ȴҪżƻŪҿɱ̫ӣȴҪǬ̫ӣԵ̫ӵ𣿡˵ԽԽ
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ԹȻǲнˣСʱõκһǮ뿪Ժӡ
κٳȥ̾һб־ͬϵͻȻ־ͬϵ˸С
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ο嵣˼ƻȻˣȻһǾڲˣǬڻأĴ˵档
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˵һ仰ʱ۾ɱ⣬漴ʧ
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ܽ˵ǬһѵһѿԱõĵ
Ǭ֪Լ˵˵֪һᷴȥǵȫǵ
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ʵѧԱĺôǬ֪ģԭģΪ֪ļҪ̸ѧԱǱ£ԼᣬҪ̹ۺȥһװ취̸ܽѧԱǡ
һǬ˵
ʱǬ·˼ˣֱֻݶȥüѧԱı뷨ˡ
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474 

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Т˵ѾжٶެǱӦˣӦʱһЩܼެ޹ôˡ
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475 ǰޡ

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뵽Ÿ뱾Ҫ㴫õģڲ˵Ѿȥ˼ˣŸĴˣҪҲôࡣŸȻǬУŸҪȴڶ̫ࡣôһֱ֣ͳ
ӵȫŸİ취ԺЩӸѵŸ룡ǬԸ
һϲʵ˵Դŵͨ
ǬߵĺˣĽӶЩĽˡŸ룬Ҳ˽ˡ
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ׯԺǬ˵Ǳ˲پջȥҲЩջݲ衣Щĵ档
ŶЩջǺĵҪڸ͵ĻҪȾջĳȥЩ˵꣬ܳȥˡ
ֱӰǬĻ͵ģ
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ĻиݸղĻǬѾˣӦӳԼǻʼҵıҪռ˼ҵأԷˣ˵̨ǿӲӣøŮһ޶ϵˡղǬˣҲβԶˡ
Ǭ˼ȴһǸţ಻һ
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ӼǬûлĻΪˣó˻ׯ棬ǿ˵£ʵСǿһѸԲѳҡ



476 Ѹ

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ӵĻǶڹѸ۵ľϲԣǬžϲ
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Ȼ֣Ϊһ˿ɲȥǬ
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ӴôһȺ˹Щţȴ򶨣ԼЩַŵȥ
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ӵĻΪԼˣգգˮûۻƵʵʵڵ۾͹ˡ
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Ϊһƽ񣬻Ǹû˵ĹѸһʵۣ̫˵Լĵرҹܼռأ
˵ǰǸղţҵӣһ޶ֻڻׯſϵˣȻһҪûУҪӡ
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ĻѵãԼһҪеĶһεҪ
Ǭһ۾۸ھӵʷѾð
Ȼں˵۾ȴڿǬ˵Ǭ۾һ֪ˣȻæҪæӦ
ˣ۾һȻ֪ʲôԭܼҽô˵б˲ռɵϣο⻹Լô걻ռȥĵأոʧأ
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478 ǰû·ǵĹѸ

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СĵطǬӣСضԸһ͸ҵߣЩҵģָ㡣
Ǭı̬ǴϲΪǬİʾء
Ǭӣһʹһ߰ظֿǬ˵ͰӸˣذһСϵĵظˡ
۸ھӻа취֪
СϣӰǱŲ˽һףԽߵĵطͼСһЩµʱѾռһˡ
ȥ޷졣
ֻܷ֣Ҳһֱҵĵأÿһؽ綼úܣһӸռ˾ͿԿ
Ǹĵš
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Ǭһ˵ˣҲˮˡˮˣȫҡǲЩɡ
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ܿšһüͷ漴Ǭ˵ʦ֪ǰǣֻԼĵùͿˣôܶûʼҵһֵأ㲻ܼҽⲻܺ㣬ֻҪˮصĵظͺãԼˮأ
һ㲻õģǬ΢΢һȻ˵㣬Щ粽ãĵػģΪǬׯġˡǡ
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صׯԺæӭǬ˵ǱߵؽҷֺˣˢʯҵҵģǸˮأͬһһ롣
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479 顿

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480 ˮ糵

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˻ׯһʯʯѾɷ״ˣڴһҵģˮɫ



481 װˮ糵
481

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ǬӺİ취мӹһˮ࣬ȻЩˮˮ򵥵Ľ󣬳ϡϡĻɫˮǬһ鱡ƬϡˮĨԺһʯͷϡ
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482 ҡ

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483 

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485 

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ׯӾ򵥣ҵլԺ軧⣬ǴƬˡ
ǬһȦûн軧סլֻΧ˼ۣȻֻصԺӡ
ũƺֵĶ̫ˡһƬ⣬һĶ߲ˣûбĶˣǬҡҡͷ˵
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Ǭﾭûж٣ȴ֪Ҫ¸ҪӭггҪʲôȱʲôʲôֵĶܽгܹ׬ǮһֱżĶҪõö࣡
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˰죬Ҳû˵ÿüëԽԽ֪ȱг죬ɲһ
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487 ֽ

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488 

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ҵıϣ
ˣһЦ
·Ǭʼ˸嵽ѧΡ
ƺ״̬΢ŤҲ˵ʲô
ֱϵʱǬ嵵ĿӺˣ׹



489 صĸ׵Ļ

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ԭˣѹֽʱ΢΢
Ǭչ嵵ǳ
ģ˵ȻûлϺӣûлϺӣܸ
Ȼ֪ԼСƢԣǻˣʵԼȻôôŬûлϣǵġ
Ǭþãź˯ˡ
ڶʱҲû뿪þãֱԼⲻȥˣ֪Ǭ컹Ҫȥ죬Ȼ֪飬ˮ೧飬ǬȥǬųš
꣬ȥˮ೧Ĺ̽ΣǬȥׯ
ׯܹܼڵǬǬˣǲһ
ǵôãΪǬˡ
Ǹæڲ꣬ҲŹǬ˵
ʦˣǣǵȻҪˣʦæԼܹѾǷǳǸмˣôأ˵˵
Ǭ˰֣˵ЩҪ˵ˣŪɡҪĶأ
ܹܼæָǽǵһѶ˵ʦϺȥã
ǬһɴһƲӬׯĲӬǶ㵽֮ˣ
һǬ߹ȥȻóһӣѼ࣬ŽٵƤٵˮ󣬺ܿ;ÿˣȻɴŵ棬ɴϣòӬȥѡ
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ȻǬһο嵣ȴһֱⲻ
ҲоԼȻŲã嵻û취Լù
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嵵˵ͷ
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ȻѾΪ˸ˣ˵׻ǸʮʮСܶĹִﶼĸ׵Ļأ鲻õʱɷᲢһãĸ׵ĻһЩ



490 ո

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Ǭ˵ͽСϺ׸׼·ոȥסϼ졣
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ҪһǬͷʹˣѵ˸ץ
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Ǭǲ֪˼ʱ򣬾ͿıЩŹ֡
ϵʱǬȻǶСԼˣǱһСѹԼĹϡ
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صͷ
ļ죬Ǭ쵽ׯȥָ
ִ͵ׯļǰ棬ǱΪǷǳʢʳԵòֺԵǬټʼˣ³ˣͣסˡ
Ա߿żûбԵôͼᶨǬİ취ǿеġ
ʵǬڿװֵʱ򣬾Ǭ˵жģЩéЩģҲ
Ȼ⿴ǵóһֻģҹͷƤзĸоġ
ⲻܼ־֢ԭֻҪǸˣͻᱻ飬ȥĳŵġ
ȷˣǹҵҲҪʼˡ
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£ǬׯϵĵλԽԽߣҲԽԽˡ
Ǭûȥׯ˿գûɫӰʵôһֱûأ
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491 ̨Ӳĸӡ

˵ɥĻǬΪŸƲƨˡ
׹ûƨ״̬ڲһ㡣
ôˣǬʵ
ΨһһֻŵĸӣȻȥ˼޺ʱˣѾõǬĿأƳҵһֻĸӣֻºˡԶƻǺӵģײƨˡ
Ǭʻ˵ǰūȥųƣһϲˣ·Ŷģǵ˺ܾõزһ㡭
£ǬҪʸϸģǬʣ˵˳ʳ֪ǰռϰֻĸӣһֱæ
ĸӣæ
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⵽˸ֳʱ̣ȻҪˡǹģͳһæְҵˣ
ֻռϰֻĸģԼҲ̫˰ɣ
Ҫ֪ڣūӦȰ°ȥ·е㱣գ
·
Ǭ͵͵ؿһۣûи㾹Ȼҳ⣿
Ÿı棬кõӣȻҪŴȥˣԽԽã㾹Ȼİ취ƸˣûǶǬŸҵǾ
ΪȱǬֻܵ
ȥƣǬȥ
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˵ų˺ܿȥ֪ͨʳǬ
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ʳһ죬£Ժɹ̫أ
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ǸĸӣҲص̶Ȱɣ
ΪͬԵķ࣬ǬҲÿ϶Ŭ徭ԽԽǿ׳ˣûԽԽ
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ӵĽ䣬ѼһǾһֻҪͷȥҺע꣬ˡڸţһģģģҪĶĵʱĲſͷͿƴĸɵˣˣӵĳ򵥣
ֻĸطˣƸߴһ͵ʯϣָֻ˸ղһӣɫԱȸղŻҪҰһЩ
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ʳָָＸֻ˵ĸӣ˵Уǰ춼Ƹˡ
Ŷ˵⹫ľҲǳңһԼӮЩ룬ǰռһٶֻĸ룬ĸҲϷǿս⸱ҵģ
УȥƷǵ˲ɣǬҡͷ
˵ǿ׳ĸӣô࣬Ҳ½ڶŸȫµĲƷǿɲУ



492 ָ롿

ʳǬĻúеʵǵҪȥץһЩ
šǬ˵ʱǼֻ˵Ĺ룬ĿⲻƵһֱƣʱվ˹
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ǬһɨֻˣҪƽСҪĴ
ҲоֻӵɱŬվǺܿȥˣƺˣȴվ
ֻԵ¶Цȥ
һ˹һӰֻ˽ȥǬһЦ˵ϳԿӣ
һ仰ֻʧܵĸӵˡ
ôҲ뵽ӽҲǽƴ̨ģ˭ĺ̨Ӳ˭
Ǭֻӽʳȥ
̫ҪøһȻڻаɣŵ㣡Ǭ֣˵Ҳˣȥ̫ˣҸӸװȥ죬ָȥץʮֻעǴˣ
һ壬սǺǿʮֻʮֻȺŹˣ
ʳӦǬ뿪˵ųոˡ
嵵ʱɫɫ񣬶ϴСŮĽո죬ûĸĸΰ󣬼ͰŮ
ĸһ˼䣬ոԹһ緹Ŵո嵸˳
ߵոſڣһոſͣżĵúޡ
ͻļҶոġſڵļҶӭȥͨǵĶԻǬһεСԱոˡ
Ǭûͣ򶫹ȥ
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ѳϣͷ˽ɲˡ
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ǬµȻǵã˵Ӧ֪ǵ飬ҪôȥԴǵ飬۲ùܡ



493 

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Сºͺ˵Χĸˣֻ嵻ˣڶдڸУȻС¸ǬŮȥһڸжûˡСȻЩ˼ҲҪװ嵻ˡ
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ȥָ칬ָʹˡ
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ڶǬ̵ţҪҪȥһ£ĸڳûµȥոסϼ죬Ȼ˾ͿСʤ»飬ȻͿرۣرһģġȷʵ
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ׯĹҲҪȥһݣҲҪȥ͡ǬҪȥƺ̫ף
ڵһ죬Ǭոһ˳̼ҡ
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ʱѾ˻¶ˮĹ˿ͳţǬ۾¶ϲ֮ɫкռӡ
ţΣðɣǬЦ֡
ãлӹԵú˳˵Ѿǰõɫˡ
Ǭͷ˵Ұװʮƿ¶ˮҪˡ



494 ѻ¶ˮ

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һ԰װһ߻Ǭţ⼸ϰƹǶæкüƹѾûˣϰ￴ŵ꣡
ô˵ʱذѶʮ¶ˮװĴȻ͵Ǭϡ
˵Ǭ룬ƺûİţЩƹ񶼳ȥˣһһЩҵšЩҵϵ飬ǬûжȥʣԼȥɡգЩǬ࿴ô̵ʱ䣬Ѿȡ˳Σڳһ¶ˮ콢ľˡ
Ǭ˻¶ˮ뿪ʱ򣬶ЦЦ˵ܴú
ոмضǬЦЦĿǬ뿪ս˵ʱдǬ˶ʮƿ¶ˮĿ
ǬŻ¶ˮ꣬ӭ˵Ұʮĵʮջ
һͺ˰Ứ衣
װϻǬ˻ׯȥׯ
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ĵ￴˿ɳһȻһװƿ¶ˮǺܶ࣬ĴǶʮƿ⻨¶ˮһƿһᣬжʮˣǹͨͥϺüʮǮ͸ˣ
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ʱͣʦ˵ǻ¶ˮʦ⻨¶ˮ
Ǭͷ˳ŹĽͣ˵ԣûϰ巢ʮƿ¶ˮһ˼ûãˡʲô¶ˮ߹󲻸߹ģʵֻһܣһҧİѣ
Ǭ˵ЩҪЩˡ
ǬùеĴӣóһƿοӣݸ˵һϵĺ
￴˿Ǭֿ˿𣬼ûг͵Ĭϵù˲ˡ
ﶼˣȻûеپܾȥˡ
Ȼûг͵Ĭϵˡ
㶣ܿ׹ǵ磬Ȼ󷴶Ե˵ˣĻ¶ˮˣҵĻ¶ˮҲӦհɣ
Ǹղû˵ô¶ǵĻôǻչ¡Ǹղ˵ˣôڹˣҪˣܲ˵ģ



495 ҡ

ӣһƬ⣬ˣôصϲգԼ˵
ˣָŷϵĴ¶ˮ˵ﲻǶʮƿ㲻ǽ𣿡
ֳܻУ緽
վòָָ˵ЩͲˣƺЩģͲһɲҪһת뵽Ǭղ˵Ļó˵
ӣʦĻ¶ˮ͵ģѵģ
ǬﾹȻվԼ˵ɺٺһЦ
˷Ļһ£Ȼ;÷ˡ
ѾԴӽҼ죬ɷ򣬺ͷΪʮ꣬һҪʮˣԷ˵ˣȻҪվڷһˡ
ҲһܾһɣȻҪһǺҡ
Ļ󣬴ˣղǬƺ˵ģе־ԼܾˣҲ̫û˰ɣ
𣬹û˵̬Ⱥˣͬ˷ĻܾĻ¶ˮ
ܵˣҪǬ
ǬȻҪߣӣǺһЦһ׾ŵһվһͦ
һһ߶δ˿Ǭûǰˣ˰벽ﰢQһֻĴˣԼαƽϣ
װԽغһһ˦ӣ뿪ˡ
ʱȻó
ѾܾˣҲʦ
תǬм˵лʦ
ǬʱѾȥᳵϵĻˣĻû̫壬ֻǰŻ˵á
ͺԼһ㡣
ҲоԼһ£ȻæÿǬѻȥ
Ǭʵ
˿˵Щôÿ͵ҺԺȥɣ
˵ҲԼһԼȻʦĺԺƽʱܹܼҶȥĵط
Ǭ󣬾ֱԺȥ
뵽ʦҲǵģһֶûУ˵һ䲻ðɣҲ˵ǷǰԺˣһԼͲ
ܸоԱߵķֵĿ⿴˿΢壬æװĻȻװĿ⣬æȥǬ·
ǬѻŵԺһºԺʵǰԺͬĽһҵǽӡͬػֻǷ˵ľס˰ɡ
úҲҪˣǬûжͣ˻֣뿪ׯ
˳ǬŷԼƺûеطԷŰҪǼݻعȥ˵ЦҲᱻ嵻ɣֻ˻¶ˮꡣ
˺պÿҪ뿪Ҳˡǰˡ
ӣǣʵ
ҪһȥһãþûˣҲȥĸףϴĲ˰ɣǬ˵
ոм˵лӣĸ׵ĲѾϴδҽκˣȫҶл㣡Ҳ˵أ
Ǭ֣˵ߣϳɣ
֣ȻǬȥ
صңǬȥʱҪܳӭĶ㣬Ǭһ£Ȼ˹磡
ãҿˣҸǣǬó·ѿǣһ
õȻǸ˵۴УǬһڣҲˡ
⿴˳ͷһɣǿǺСﰡ
ǬǵùﻹлûжͣҪңŸղŹӵ軨Ǭ͵͸ҵģǰ˽й͵ļݵģǬҲһ͸ǡղ·ҲˣǳԹ˹ˡ
ҿǬݵĹӾȻǷǳ;ϲǼ˰졣
ǬҪ뿪ʱ˵Ҳ͸ˣҲûعձȽѣæǬ
˳ź˳ϲѹȻһۻڽǵ֪ѵ֪Щǵ
Ƕһۣ۾￴ĵǣ˵ȥ𣿡
Ǹӵˣ̾һ˵ǼʱȶλӰնеģҪҪҲþܾ
˳ȴģ˵ôС
Ͽ˿ŮǸʲô֪ӣ˵Ҳ֪λӶǼĺã˲ȴˣ⡭նҪȥն⳥λӣǺã



496 

ǬȻ֪ĸŮȻ߲顣
ΪмǬʱҲһֱ͵˽ϣһҪǬһ
ǬҲܸˡ
˺Ӫѹʯ·ʱͻȻһϵλ
ϵ˶ȥǬȻû⣬ǾúϤ
Ҫתͷ˵£͸߸һߵĹߣ
ⲻ˵СǬ߸һ
תȥһ׺ӵĵʿˣƺһ
Ǭתʿϳ˭ˣⲻȥƹ̫ԬôܵĿںţ
ȥ
һǶһҺģ
ԬǬһ£û뵽̫ӵˡ
æҪǬչɢλΪʲôҪǣ
ӣ
Ԭһ£⻰ʲô˼ˣ˵ӵݣʲô̫ӵ£
ƶӡղž˵أλЩ죬ϡǰй飬ʹһʡ˵꣬գʵ䣬ʿ
һ㶣ͷصǣҸ֡
Ŷƶʿڼǰйһûټˣ㸸׺¿ɷԲꣿԬʵ
ĻǬҪһ٣û˼Ҹ°úòõ
ղûʹո׻ûⰡ
ѵԬ̫Ӹˣ
仰Ҳסˣǰʵûλô֪
һ棬ƶʱޣҳԹһ磬ʱʹϿ㸸һǰգʲдһ˵ŵ˵
ƺʲô
ԬЩҫؼ˵Ҳ㿴ǣʱ˵㡮ﾱ֮࣬ؼԹ󣡿ϧɾŮΪ
⻰һƺˣɫ䣬ҪԬĻ
һΪ췴˼
һŮǱһŮûзĻˣ
Ԭ˵˵ĻûһǺһЦ˵ƶҲп۵ʱ򣬺Ǻǡ
⻰˵ղûг嶯ƽ󣬸мضԬ˵л￴࣡
ţԺҪΪ֮Ԭ˵
Ǭ⵱ӣһһˣƭһ֪Ĺ˵⿴ľͲҪСˣⲻȥڣôпгй䣿
ԬغǺһЦƶȥһͬ£Ҫȥ
ŶҲҪȥμӹĻġ
ǲŵˡǬ˵
ǲˣԬһ䣬Ȼǰȥˡ
Ԭˣյüͷ
ôˣǬصأʵ
պǬ˵ӣܷӦһ飬ǹغ˵飬
˵ô棬Ǭͷ
˵ղԬ˵Ļܷڶ˵Ҳֻһʱ²ѣҲֻһƽŮӣɵ𡣡
ԭǵ
Ǭ˵ԷģҲ˵ġҲ̫ЩŵĶ
лոǬһ򸣡
ˣ͵ҲԶģȥɣҪĸ׵ĽõˣǬ˻֣˵
պǬ˵˼Ļ߻ȥˡ
һ·ʱɿüëʱһüëԿºء
Ǭ֮ǰѾҹϵҪͽȥҲΪ˰ȹѹأһʱ䣬Ҫȥˡ
ԬĻǰ˵һЦЦӦҪˣʵ۲ԶˣĻЩľˡ
Ļ˭Ķ˰
ղԬ˵ǰĻ󣬺һԭҲп۵ʱ򣬿ΪǿΪ仰
ղ룬ǵСʱϲԼޣʱԬԼкӣԲŻԼкһŮɵ˵ġ
ôۣǰŮ޿
뵽һ
صؽ˼ţĸ״˸кͽˣҲûע⵽ĸ׺ͽɫֵӡ
ͷǬշֿ󣬾׷ǰԬ



497 ᡿

ãǬ˫־ڶһĻһ߽кá
ǬĽкү͹Ҳкã֧ʺϳһ֧衣
ʺԴһѾûкˡ
һֶı֡ôŮǰ̲ס
ûӦʱǬƲкãȻŮһ۾ڴؿһӳ˳˵Ľ㡣
ǺһЦûеȻʺӦǣǰȥ
ֶǣˣʺѵܲȥ
ϵŮǶɢΧмøͻʺ
ͻʺ裬ͷ󣬶ҹҲ
ʵۺͻʺ裬⻹Ǵδһۣôڶ˵
Ǭǣ輼Ȼǳ˸дᡣʺһӱȥˡһʱʺ󾭹󣬲ˣҲ÷ǳãƮݣȶˣ߾һֻĺһ㣡
ã̫ÿˣǬ
£ͻʺһ赸
СϻʱǬǰ棬ʵ磬˵кģʲôأҰɣ
֮ǰǬǺСϻ˵кģûˣǬˡ
׼ҪһǬ˵ѾˣЦ˵Ѿˡ
ߵǬǰ棬˵£ҪĶѾ׼ˡ
ǬվСϻ֣˵ߣȥ档
ЦſǬȴûǬҲǣһ㶣СҲǱ̫ʮӣҲΧ˹
ǬŴССһȺˣԱߣһСڡ
Сϻ˱ڣ۾һ֪ⶫû뵽ϻҲ
ȴⶫˡ
ǿǬڷŵ˵ϣȻڻϵһ£һ
ͻȻֵΧŵļСĹͻӸһ
ǸСֶ۵˧סûܵ
磬ʲô˧µʵ
ڡǬЦ
ڵģüڴһյ顣ǬûгеôҪ󣬹Ҫűڣ̻ʲôĶǿԵġ
Ǭ˵ʱСϻͺ˱ڣܵһȥˣıϵ𣬺ܿӵģҲڣŵ
Сذȥһ»ߣֵϵıǶ۵ؼԵر˷ܣƺһر˲һ㡣
ǬҪ嵺Сһ棬Գݣܸ棬̫Ҫе֣ǬҲû취ˡ
ϵص㲻ЩڣǬиķں档
ǼռͷĺǱǬɺıǬŪıڣɸӺкʺ󣬻ļʲô߹
ǹ󣬼Ǭ嵵֣һֻ㣬һСͰ״Ķȥһߡ
СͰһ¡
Ǭ嵵ȥģǬӦòôŪҩͰǷˡֺܿͰʲôˡ
嵵˻𣬾˷ֺµϵ㻹ˣǬܣСһ㡣
ͻʺЩ˶ڿţʶЩʧ̬ˣæվס
һŵæǬĻˡ
Ǻǣ£쿴Ǭĺ󱳣˵
ʱ˶ĻĿˣǶûȥ嵵Ľһʧ̬ľٶ
嵱Ǭһ˵̧ͷгһһɫĻ𻨣ɴסˡ
飬һ̻ȥںɫҹųһɫĻ𻨡
£𣿡嵴ʵ
Ǭͷ
־ϲǺÿ
ʺϲãʵǬʲô
ʺæɿǬ
Ǭ嵵֣ЦػشǬĸ̻ɻҩƳɵĹԼѵƷ
û뵽ⶫȻǻҩָΣƷģ˵û뵽ҩ֮벻
Ǭ⻰˼ˣ˵ǵĸʣΣյĶֻҪõõͿΪ츣֮
ǬĻͻʺĥһ£ûе



498 ̻

һ̻Ͱܿˡ
Ǭһֻ㵽ǰ棬˵븸ʺĸȼµ̻
ͻʺЦŶһۣȻӹǬ㣬ߵһͰµ̻ͬ
̻һηڿųһĻ𻨡
Ԭ߹˵콵𰡣
Ǭڰ֪Ȼ쵱Ůʵ۵ˣЩŷˣȻȻѾǸŵˡ
ȻڿŪ̻ǬȻȥƽŪˡ
ʺΪһɹĴ󷿣ܰ˰жö˽з
ڣʺ̻󣬾ȥÿһȥһ̻һʱ䣬ǰĹ㳡ϵҸӶ
ȴ󣬾۵ˣСϻһӿϣϷʣµ̻ҹзһޱȵ̻
̻ŵʱǬ۾շڻʺߡ
С˵շ𱻻ʺȥôĳϣأ
Ȼ0շĶ̬ǿӣշǻʺߵĺˡ
ʺߣҲҪ͸¶һ˼ˡ
үշʾһ£ɼʺĶɹˡ
ᾭ˳Թ蹻󣬵ʮҵĹ⾰ͽˡ
ʢպҲһЩյġ
Ǭڵڶ󣬿˷Ժĵջʮ꿪ʼή˺󣬲ɵ⻨ήлʱήл󻨼ﵱȻˣҪȥ
⣬ȻڹˣЩȥֿƳˡ
磬̫˵ˡ
̫ȥǬ˵
ӣºȲ衣
󣬲żɽֱ뻰⣬˵£칬ܹȥҳĳˣ˵ҪǺ
ܹܣǬһʱ֪ܹ˭
˵㣬Գڵ¡˵
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շ𰡡Ǭ˵ͷ˵ûҽԺﵱԺҲȥ̸ˣ
ǵģ̸¶ˮ˵
ǬϿշڻʺߵӣ֮ǰ˵շҪ£ȥҳ̸¶ˮ˵շǱʺȥˡ
ʺ⣬ôͺһǰǬʺ˵йˣһֱȱǮãǬ˵ûǮôȥ׬أʵ⻹ܲ׬Ǯɣ
շ飬y˵˻ʺǬ˵ˣҪճˡ
ֻһվ׼ԼĻ¶ˮǲЩˣ
ȻʺǬڵĸףӵǮĸ׵Ǯһ𣿵治ǻһﻹҪģǮǮҵǮҵǮڻ¶ˮ׬ǮշҪǲҪ˻¶ˮг𣬷гǷǬǮǬȻͬˡ
öˣǬָڣʵ
óһʱǬһ˵£Ѿѻ¶ˮɢܵĺܶȥˣԶѾˣ
Ǭϸ˵֪볤Ѿܽˡ
û뵽⻨¶ˮⶼȥˣô¶ˮ⣬Ҫˡ
ѹȥ¶ˮʱûƹڵȥҵչԱˡ
ڵٶȣֻҪһ󣬳ͶǵĻ¶ˮˣŵ˵
ǬͷһǳֻҪһ仨¶ˮͿˣҪѡ
ôһûշг˶Բԣ
ҳܾģǬʵ
¡˵
ǬĿ£˵£ܹܲҪڴ¶ˮ⡣
仰Ǭˡ
ⲻڴ⣬ҪˡʵȻǵȥˡ
һ뵽Ǭ뵽ձŶެ孡
ʼܹĳ˵ʱĳҲЩˣܹ˵Ҫѻ¶ˮ߾ȥԲڴһ⣬˵
Ǭüëһʣ߾ެأټãޣ
˵˸߾Ĳû˵˵ĳ룬ֻܹܿެ鷳ĵط߾ӸУȥ׬࣡
ǬȷʵެطԶԶûи߾øУȥ¶ˮԱκεطҪ׬Ǯ



499 ⡿

ڴƹҪ׬ǮѹշڴƹڸǬǬһãܼоܹ׬Ǯȥһʯˣ
ǬͳһۣȻ̾˵֮ǰôû뵽ȥأ
˼һε˵¿ֵ߾ȥ¶ˮģ
һ˵Ǭ׹ˣⲻҪͿģǬڸ߾ûûһ¶ˮһƹȥֻ»ᱻ߾˸ˡ
Ҳֻлʺ¶ˮˡ
һͨǬҲͲپˡ
УʹӦ㣬ʲôҪ󣬻зֳɣŪ֮ø㣬ȻֱģֱӸ̸ˣǬ¾˵
Ӧ
ųȥˣǬסˣ˵һ䣬ܻʺȥˡ
Ȼȥշ̸һʺ̸
ʺɫرˮˮģ͸һųˮֵӡ
ĸҪ⣬ô˵һҪշȥ̸𣿡ǬԹ
ʺûһ㣬һһ󣬲Ƶ˵ȥȻҪȥܸ£̸鶼ҪңǱҪʲô
ĸǮҪô֣Ǭĵ£ʵ
ʺ֪Ǭǲģ˵ô֣ͷõۣɱǮȻǰⱾϵķֺ취ˣ͵߾ȥģѵҪǮóֲɣ˵û㸸ʶͬ⣡
⻰еǬۺ׬ôǮȴûķݣ˵ĸ⻰ɲ˵׬ǮĻ¶ˮҷǮˣȴûҵģ㲻Ǵҵķ𣿶ҲǻʼҵһԱܲܰҶ˰ɣ
ʺЦ⣬ҪǮġ
ⲻĸ׬Ǯֵ𣿡ǬЦ
ʺ˵û취ðɣʱ棬Σ
㣬ٷ֮Ȼ٣ڴǮǰҲǷǳģǬӦˡ
ȻĸĺôҾ˵һ㡣Ǭ˵¶һЦ
ʺҪǬʲô飬ͻȻվ˸򸣣˵¡
ǬʲôЦ飬˵˵˽ʵ
Ǭæվ󣬿˵ʵҲһԸ߾İ취
һԸ߾ʵŶʲô취
¶ˮǬʺϵһ¶ˮƿ˵
Ȼ֪ʺҪѻ¶ˮ߾ȥ¶ˮ۾¶˼֮ɫ
Ǭ˵⻨¶ˮǲܵЩĹǵĻӭǲϡΪǲҪ˵ǱҪҪҶҪ˰˰ߵףеطҲᱻձѶԲԣϲǾ֣Ҫ˲УϡΪͬҪˣǵҲҪ԰ɣյ˰ҲҪѿû˵ˣ⻨¶ˮڳһᣬǵ˸߾ǾͲˣʮᣬʮᣡ
Ǭ˵ͻʺûôȡ⵹һٱпܡ
ˣ׬ǮͶˣǾǴӸ߾Ǯ׬Ǵٿ¶ˮʵ۷ǳˣֻܵݳƷãǲʴǵĹǵǮѴѵ׬ǽӶˣǬ˵
Ӷĸ֣ͻʺ۾һ
Ƕһۣ˵⻰мֵΪ⣬ΪΪкôõģ
֮ǰΪʵȥΣǬ˵ˣսҲȥ߾ǮڲôսҲǮв顣
£⿴ôˣʲô˵ɣʺЦʵ
ͷ˵ȻУǬŪ̻кܶ˿ˣΪ콵ܶԱҲ˶׷£˵࣬Ҫ˳ĵ⣬˵콵޹ҵõ޵Ľ޺˵ˣǻţԬˣ˵˺ǲšȻ޻Ҫøڸ¶֣Ҫˣ
ԭ¡ƳǼʶ٣ټˡ
Ǭ˶󣬰¸嵣嵵˺ǺǺǵЦˣǶòСȼһ̻һʱ˫ҸòС
Ҹ嵣Ǭ絽˹Ͳͬˡ



500 

ǬڸղԬ˵ĻһЩΪʷ䡣
ǹʷδǰһ˵һŮʵۣȻͳŮʵۡ
ոպ䣬ʿŮͺʷϵĺܶۼغ
ǬЩȷˣվˡ
û뵽ˡ
Ȼ֪ʷϵ쵱ŮʵۣƺǬڵλЩжԣǬɲ˵ҪգסҵĽɽͻλ
ᷢŮ˵ʵۣڶΪΪ棬һŮҪ쵽ܰ쵽ġ
ǬˣԽˣͽˣԭһпܣŪ˱
Ǭ̫֮λڣξûлˡ
ûлᣬռ޸κ󣬾Ҳһѣ˴󲮵Ļλɣ
Ǭϣû̫;ȡ
Ǭû׷һͿǰԬˣ
Ԭߵò죬ҲڵǬ
תЦſǬ߽
ղԬ˵Ǭˡ
Ǭ˵һɣ
롣Ԭ˵
һߣǬһ˵´˵Сû˸ױ࣬ⱻһžѰˣǾͻˣ
ԬǬȻй췴飬˵ɺǺһЦ˵ǹǸǿˣᱻŻģˣôô˻ɢ
ŶպȥСãʱҡǬָָԶ˵Ҳһˡ
Ԭ˰֡
һ·һ·˵ڵ˹ſڣſڲ֣ΪϵĻֻǻʼҵĻѣһΧ£ԱֻԬĵ¸صѡ
ǬԬһ֣ȻͺֿȻ˶
˶ſڣСǬˣæס֣Сܶȥ
һһ˵£ôȾƺȵڲŻǶڵأ
Ǭ˵˾ƺȥ磬Ȼգȥҿһˡȥׯ飬ǬʶزҪ֪
Сֻʽһ䣬ûҪǬȥȥ˼ĻֻǬȥԺ
棬ǬϱƽϴϵľζϴǬһϴңͱ嵼Ů˸ȥ紩ˡ
Ȼȥͥۻᣬôųʽ·⻪·Ҳر鷳òŪúǲȥ硣
һ˶һ˾ĺȥ·˴ãСϻ
Сϻ̫ߴߴسţһǬ֪˵ѩ⡣ƺСϻҪռ̫ķֺ죬Ի衣̫֪н޻ãǾСϻƤˡ
ں棬ر𰲾СЩ졣
ȻǬ߹ʱСּʱطſеĶǬϳŵǸľͷ̵ĺɻ׹ǻػǬת͸õġػΪ˶ĿҲֱ˹ļСүСǮģľͷ׹ȴֹģ
Ǭֹľͷ׹ʱ򣬾ͰһػСӻ涮椡
ڴõϲʱ͵͵˵ı飬ͿԿˡ
ǰһ˵ʱ͸ģ߰ˣ֪Ȼһľͷ滻ˣ֪ʲôı顣
˺ܸ߸߹ĵ硣Χŵúܽ޵ĵǬ⼸춫Ҳյ˴ĵԺˣڴ󲿷ֻڵȥˡǬоԼĻٶ࣬ҲĻ࣡
ܶ๫үˣЩѾ˵ĹҲˣҲڹߡ
ǬһİŮͷ棬Աߵ嵺󣬲֪ǸİŮһŮ
⵹Ȥˣ޵ĹŮԺСһ棬ϸࡣ
˵ǿ
Ԭ˼һһߺžƣһ죬ʿպйͬ⡣
ͻʺˣͥۻἴ´Ϳʼˡ
ʳڵĴҲ˽ĳڣʳʱ򣬳Թɽ亣ζĹүǶ̲ס
ֻ⣬Сʳ⣬иˡ
ǰʮŮӴѲ赸ܶ˶̲סŮǹ衣
ȻΪˣҪʺȥһ裡



501 ˵

ʦ֪˵ϣһڻʹϲϵزȳһĽӡһ³ֻſˣסǬ˵
ǬЦã⻰ôͱˡ
ƽʱʱ򣬶ܿׯϵũȥˣȴˣһϺȥģƺڴ̽ûһ㣡
ﴫҥԸŵˡ
Ǭ⵹һջ񣬱ȻһסԼҲһּӴ˰ɣ
ΪĽӴǬѾҪþˣõˣɲôʧȥˣԾŹѻ˵꣬ٳ
ʦ˵´ŵûţҳˣͷŵضǬ
ǬʿɶֹûжռıˣȻռ˱ӦǾӡ󲻺ˡ
ʱ㣬ȱţʵ²ûгֻ˵ǻʹ̻̻ɵУȻ󱬿һҹŵĻ𻨣Թܿȴ֪ʲôŻ˵ǻ֮ģҸղųʱ˵ʲôأ
һ㶣Ĳǻ
ţ̻
̻ʲôô³𻨣Ǭģ˵ǣҲͷȻֺʲôˡ
ǬͣûĶֻģھûн޵ļʶĶѾȫһ㡣
ţ´Ūһ㿴㿴˺֪ˣǬ˵
⻰һͷﶼˣһǲʵʦ˵õĶ
Ŷ⵹ܣ̻ҲҵһݹͣһûʲôǬ˵
Ǭ⻰ͷֱӰǬһġ
촫÷зĻȻʦģʦıҪж󰡣
ʦĶڻʹŵģ˵ʦ൱һõʦˣλöأֻ඼ʦˣŮ룬ȻбµˣλҲͣ
뵽ЩϧʦôбµˣôߵĵλھȻûңۡиĸڣֻ͸ıһ˰ɣ
һ룬ĸӿˡ
ˣԭйڰϷˣʱſһͷЦǺǵشк
һŻɫӵˣϹЦݣȴе˲ϲ
ˣɫҲÿ
Ȼ˵Ǭǹ߽ͣȴǬԹ˵ˣΪʮھӣ๫ѣϷһֱչмѣǰѵʱϷʱ֣ǮȹѹأǮҲǵҪˣڿǮɻˣ
⻰Ǭ׹ǻǮģ
壬ڻû취ʮǮ㣬ɷݹЩʱ򣬵ʱһỹϣҲԶǵ飡˸˵
ԭ֮ǰΪѶʮᣬڻû
ĺˣ
ǬЩᣬҪڡ
λ˺һ˵ˣͲˣѣôһҼҲѣҼҰҪȥ⣬ȱһǮҼûǮ˭Ҫȥأ˵㣬ôĵذ㣬㵽ھȻһϣ̫ˣ
Ҫ˵
һڣ˵֪ûǮﰡûǮҼң֮ծպһҼڣ
⻰֣ᶨغУҵĸɷϵģôܰø㣬һõô˵óҪⲻҪҵ·𣿡
ͬ⣬Ȼ֪˷ӦΪⳡϷװӣߵ㲻ǮҰǮ㻹˲ɣ
л嵱Ǯңһڼ취Ǯ壡ҧҧ촽˵
վʵڶû취Ǯʲô취ԻǮߣ㲻Ǯ͵ϷϾʱɲ㲻
˵꣬ȥ
Ǭ˵
ͷȻΪ˹ǮǮģĿǳҵġ
ôĿԵҪҵô֮ǰǮΪ˲òûıˣ
Ǭȥ£ֱӸͷǳ֮Σ



502 ծ

ǬĻת
֮ǰûǬҵ飬һʲôϵ
ȻҵĿǰǮҲҪѿ
ֻû뵽һòûУȻվҵ顣
ضǬʵλӣкϷ
Ǭ۾ʵһֻԼ֧һҵŮˣò𣿡
ΪǬҪǿͷһǮȴû뵽ָֻԼΪѡ
λӣǷծǮ쾭壬ѵϷǮ𣿡˵ȰӻĪҪˣ
˵꣬ͲǬȥ
ڿԺˣǬ˵
ֻǰǬ仰ɷźݻѣ¡۾ƻһҪǬִˣ
ŶвϷͷת˻ָǬ˵ϷǮǺģڼҪǮǮָǮȻҪҷ˸õв»û˰û˰
õģ
ɫһ䣬⻰ҪǴȥʮȫ
壬㡭
һӣȵʲôףԲҵŮˣȻ㲻ʾͱҲˣұҪЩʱǮģ㾹Ȼвң͵Źϼɣ
˵ȥˡ
ǬȻȵƽؿͷȥ
̫ӣȻˣ¹˾
ʮ˵ֻСǮڻ¶ˮһս𣬻ĺĿܸǮѾΪǮˡ
ǬǮֻ¹𲻻ܡ
ȻǬô˼˼Եú˽Ǭ͹ԺദúһЩ
ʦղŲ˼ˣҼĪҪ㣡ĵضǬ˵
飬ǬȻǹܶˡ
㣬㲻õģһģǬ˵
ȻǬ֮ǰһϾܾʦôǮ֮ǰģҲǮʮҲСǮǮˣҼҵøľˣ
ˣǱﰡﵣĵ˵
һ֣˵ûܱûĺã
ǬˣҲǳԿġ֮ǰôǮ
ǬоǬΣǰ
ԭǮĲҵģǹҵġǰҪȥϷ⣬ĸ½ϵʱ򣬴ˣǮҲ˽סҵ˾ûˣĸϵɱˣϵĻ鶼Ǯ
ЩǮֻ۶𣬻СǮƽöѣƽʱǹȫǹҵǮƶˣڰѼǮҲû취ϡ
ڹɩӱ˱Ƶûа취ʱ򣬹վ˳ˣ˵ЩǮˡ
Щ˼ɩҲûǮɻˣǼ޸ҵģҲǹѫ֮ô˵ҲеڵģҪأƸǵǮˣǾͬˡ
ʱѼĴ󲿷ǮƶóˣʮǮʼʱЩծ˻еԣûжãǾûˣˡ
ɩѾˣҲûˣҲûЩȥɩӣֻúԵغЩ˵Ǯͻ
ǣǶǮˣֵָһЩ
ҵļʮǮҽˣԺǮͿˡ
ʱΪ˵ֻΪھôķϣŰģİ
Ȼһͷնľͱ¶ˣû뵽ǿ˹ɫҪȢ檡ֻҪôʮǮȻûˡ
ĻȻǷǳˣҲͬ⡣
ͷΪǹ˼⣬һֻҪĵˣҲͬȥʮծ
Ȼǲͬˣͷĥ˺þãǼһֱͬ⣬ҹǹѫ֮ĹѸǸ浽ϣͷԲ˶ߣĥ˰ֻ÷ˡ
ǷˣʮծȴڣȻĳʣʮᣬȻǹûа취ġ
ʱͷͿҵˡ
ЩʱͷڱŹתø
ǹһŮӣûıֶΣֻһĶôļңˣܰԼء



503 ٲ

ծ޵ˣٲǮԷѹϹٸֻԷˡ
ǸĺǿŮˣǬҪǮôԸԼңҲҪǬǮ
ĺˣҲῴܵѹȶܵģңȥȥǬվ˵
ߣΪҪȥȡǮæǬѾԽԽԶˡ
Ǭ˻ׯϣһˣܼأ
Сļʦܼǰˮ೧๤Ǹɫ·˹Ӧ
Ȼ֪ǬݣǼܼһֱǬܹһɫģҶǬ̫⡣
Ǭ˰֣Ȼȥˮ೧ˡ
ˮ೧ˮ೧Ѿˣһº衣
ܼҡ
ǬתͷæѲ£һֵֻһ졣
ʦ˰
Ǭһߣһ˵֪һׯ𣿡
ӼǬӦʲô飬Ǭʣϻش
˵ģӦׯңϡ
ҷǰʮǮ֪𣿡Ǭʵ
£ҷ˵ҹүӳˣ˴ذծ˹ծƵýˣϳ浣Ǯ
ʲôģǬͣ﹣ϣʵ
⣬׬ǮðһѯʵؿǬʵ£ǲʲô飬СĹȥѵһ٣
ȥȥңˣ˵ԸⵣҵծŴӦģԺǮͳɡǬԸ
仰æ֣˵£ôԣ˵飬СӦģ
Ǭ֣ȥ˵Ϳˡ
Ű
Ǭ˵ǸңҲһʲôʧĵط

Ǭ˵⻰ׯȥæϡ
С£ǬԺſٲģ˽ȥһŸղŵͷҲϣһŭͷҹٲٶģ
ӿ˽Ųȥ
һҲæȥ

ϣҽʮǮڲҽ˹ٸһˣٲܹܼҴ£Ժӣ˵
ˣǡܹܼߵǰҧ˵
ٲȻô쵽ˣЩ⣬Цϣ֪֮ǰֻ׼ˣղֻ߸ʵٲѾϵˣ
µͷЩ򶨣ܹܼҰ˰֣˵û£Ҹһ˾ͺˣ
վܹܼæס˵ˣڼţϷȥͺˣ
Ҫϣ޹˵ȣٲ
Цܹܼңȥܰøң
Ҹ߾ǣЦ˵
˵󣬾ȥ
æϡ
Ǭ
ղͷڸϵˣ˵
ͣ
۾һ˿ϲƺڴĶˡǺܿƽ
ǬӣһǬȥ˰æˣȴǷˡ
ϿǬ͸ٲ˵λү˸ղžвҪҺÿǮǮ쾭壬ȴҪ˺ңҪΪ
˵ܵϺôļҲ˵飬ãǻһˣ
˭ңܵæƴΪܻΣգٲ
ӣΪǶǾһ참ģ֪ǻʼҵĹܼңȻһׯӵĹܼң˼ǻʼҵĺˣȨҪСϺСҪ࣬ôҲҪӡ
һ֣ԭܼңҵ飬ܼҲҪ֣
û뵽ӻƽʱӿһˣɲҵæû뵽ܼˣˣ
Ǭǣߵ˹֣˵ĺˡ
üë˵
Ӽ˺סˣлᴭˣȵƽ˵λׯϵĴʦ˵ãܽǸղš
Ļͣסˣζؿǡ
סˣٲҲסˡ
û뵽ߵˡ
æ˵үղϷ˵ˣҸô򣬸ô򣡡
˵ţ¡



504 תá

ˣٲҲ˵ˡ
ǶϺȵôԩأ
תЦŶ˵ܼңүһʱϴˣ㿴£
ӿһۣ˵˵ʮǮǮҵ£֪үΣ
֮ǰϻܼôƫ̻ǬҪծ񣬾֪Ǭľȱ
һֱ̲ҵܼҳˣˣܼҵӿɲܲ
˿ٲٲһӭЦһڸɫҪϴӦӵҪ
û취ˣϵͷӦá
ȵȣ
ϵ˹ѾծתõЩˣҪͣסծղǬ˺󣬾Ѿ׼ֻծ
ԶܼҪծЩ̫ͬ⡣
Ǭס˵㣬ҵģŪģңҲܼģܼҲῴصģ
ܼҲῴأ⻰ɲ̫ԣΪǰӻ͵ҵı߽أﲻǿء
ǹ𿴵ǬһֱǶõģЩԲɰ
Ӽ֪߰Ĭˡ
ٲ˵ȻܼԸⵣծүҲԸ⣬֤ˣ¸Բˣ
ӵ˵ͷ
ϼȻҪģȻдǷ
˳ӿӵͷ˽ҵֽͱʣдתӡٲҲӡҲȥӡ
ծѾûйϵˣӶ˵үŵù°ɣһ˰Ǯ͵ׯϣ
ǣϷʵҲҲǮܼʲôʱпգУĵЦ˵
Ϸˣ˵󣬾˸ǣȻغ˳ȥ
Ҳһܻӭˡ
ٲˣҲ˸ǡ
˺󣬹ߵǰ棬м˵лܼҳϸмΪ˱ܼҵ֮ԸóߵʮĶﳥܼҵծ񣡡
⻰һﾪסˣӾסˣǬҲסˡ
֮ǰ𻹰ﵱһ㣬ծ񣬾ҪǮҲܻһңôŶںð
ڰֳȥˣʱǮҪǾͲˣ
Ǭ뵽˹ǲԼǮԲŰó
תһ£뵽һ취Ҫ󷽵رʾܾʱ˵
㣬֪ǲǷǮˣͬծ
һˣôУǵӣʦ㡭
Ǭ֣ׯϵĵ軧ҲҪǲǣҿܼ󣬾ͺĵذȽ֣ҿݵظ겻⣬Ҫ軧նʳҲգԶȹһѶȡʮᣬܻϣٹ黹ңǻˣ͹ׯˣأΣ
ӿɲǬ˵ʲô棬ֱӴӦãʦİ취ȷʵʦİ취ˣ
ǱߵĹȴ˼һ룬Ǻֲծծʲô¶ûУծһ
˵ȥı湦ҪʮծвκԸˣ
ƺռˡ
ܼҴӦҲ̫ˣһʦӦܼʲôܼذԼġܺʦ
˵Уҡ
ӿɲᣬ˵ˣѵҵĻͬ⣬ҾҪǮҪˣ
סˡ
Ȼծǻծ˵ģֻܼҪŸô
⡭סˣһת˵ȥֽ͵
Ӱ֣˵õˣһŵùǣҲƭңд¸˵Ϳˣ
ѾһֻôӦˣҲãҾʹӦʦİ취ˣҪܼҵģʱǮˣܼң
˵߽һһȻذѵܼңȻдת
תҪȥҹٸģܼ˵ԺҲҪģʡЩ鷳ȥٸˡ
ծ󣬹Ҳܼûа취ܼ͵ҡڵˡ



505 

ܼ˺󣬹Ǭ
ʦǸܼô˵ģΪʲôԸңŲǺˣΪǬ
Ǭʱû治ȥ֮Ҫ
Ļת˵㣬ҺܼҶڻׯµģͬ£һæӵġֻҵһӶѣûʲô˵ģ㲻õˣ
û뵽غ飬ȻֻǬһӾܸ㶨ġǾ̫á
㣬ĺˣһܰǮϵģǬǰ棬˵
ɲϸĥ̫࣬ʵҵЩԵôǶ𣿡
˵ɫЩģ˵ȻһǾһʲôң˵𼦣Ҫ˵ظ㣬ЩÿŶᣬÿζԵñģҿԿˣЩǳ˲ˣ
˵ǬҲЦ
ܺãĸǳĵһʱĻǮͿԻծˣǬ˵
Ǭ⻰ȴ̫ͬһмǮʮֻҪʲôʱ򣬲ܻʮǮ
üǮǲʵ
ûзǬ飬˵ҲΪá
ǹ۵㣬ڼ͸ıˡ
ʱǬ
ʦ㿴ͬһֻĵôһϲ˵
ǰģҪС˵㡣ģȴҪһȦͷ˵ǰһŵȴһһţˣֻ½Ҳ
˵ʱһŲ洫˽Ƿľϲˣˣ
ĻǬһ¡ǹȴû뵽֮仰Ҳ۾һɣ¶ϲ֮ɫȻ󺰵Ȼˣ⿴ԺҪһһˡ
ʱѾ˽ˣһȺļǼױˣ
ѽ⼦;
Ȼ쵽Ǭǰ棬˵ʦʦ㿴㿴һ󣡡
ΪĴ󼦵ֻżȻ¼ѣڿһŴ󼦵ϲˣ⼦żȻĴ󣬿Ժļȥ͸˵òˣ
ǬӹȵģȷʵŲ
ӪˣļҲʹˡ
ǬǶǬ¶м֮ɫ
ǿһżĵƣǬ룬Ȼ˼
ļǻд죬ر˵ɫǰļȻҲ˵죬ɫԲġ
ףȻĲһ𾪺
ʲô˵ȥһǰļ
ܳȥˣǰһûļ˳룬¼ùǬȡ
ǿżɫǻƫףСÿòҲ˶á
ǷȴٺٺٵظЦˡ
ùļÿ󣬿ļ󣬶ɫƫ죬ɫˣ̲ס۾ᣬ˵巢
Ȼż죬ǳӵӪ̫ˣѼˣҲ󣬱ɫˣ
һֻĸһһֻԺʮֻʮŵˣԺļɺ󣬾ͱ˼ʮֻһˣôʮֻܸҽǮһ¾мǮˣʱһھܻʮǮ
뵽ϲ
û뵽һֱƶѹΪһżˣʲô⻹Ҫ˵أ
뵽⼦Ǭģת֣صǬ˵ʦлԹ֮
㣬˵⻰ʲôǬæס˵Ҽʱ򣬾͸оһиУҸоǰʶģһǹϵܺõ֣ǰһˣԲôҶ᲻ģ
˶еţҶǰ˵ţǬ˵ǰʶģԼԺ˼ƺҪһԼûǰļһ㡣
ȻҲˣһ£˵ҿʼʱҲʦ죬һ룬ǰһʦˣʱϿˣҲһʱ̫
Ǭһ㶣ǲǰúެһս
ѵҲԼϳⲻҪϳˡ
Ǭæ˵ŶҲ򣬶һ£֮ģ



506 ެˡ

ǬʦͷļˣôϣҲʲôˡ
Ǭ˵оԼƺǰˣȻΪǬԽǰţĻ˵Ȼִһ˿˺ǰ˵˵ţҲ˵ΪʲôǬôĵذˡ
ô˵ǰˣʵ
Ǭϵĵͷ
棬ǰ˵Ƕһ㡣
ԣ㣬Ժ㲻ҪΪ˵ʲôܼ͸лңӦģǬ˵
룬ͷӦ
ʦ㱾ߣֻ̫ӵߵĺ˰ɣ뵽Ǭ˵£ǳ̫ӵɶެ˵ĴģԹµ
Ǭ̫Ӿ⻰ЩЦϻǵͷӦǡ
ʵҲûʲô˲˵ģҪʩչŻ̫ҪҵĲŻѣ㣬ԺͲҪٽʦˣˣԺͽҳɣǬ˵
ǰ֣ڹǬֻ֡
ʶ룬л᲻̫ˣ뵽ղ˵ǰˣƺҲûʲô⻹ǹһ֪Ǭ֡
áͷӦ
׺˵Ĺϵ࣬ĳɹù׳־ҪѼҵŷһ£ʼҪô󣬶ǬԱߵʣʱʱһǬǳ⡣
ܿˣҪһרˣԺͿˡ
ڶǶչĸȾǰѸļչ׳ԼܰΧļյԼ£ԺΧ˿ҪѧԼҲΪûʧȥ˾ţеգΪԼ뵽İ취Цһ¡ŵȻǵԶЩĵطչⵥ׳Լ
һ괺ļˣٽһʱ򣬾ͿڴǮˡ
Ǭһ㣬ǣǼǱˣһĿԽǮˡ
Ǯˣ緹˳ˡ
Ǭǵһ⾰ҳ˷Ȼص˻ׯ
յׯײ˳
üͷ΢΢ţ·ЩҴңǬæ
Ǭʵôˣ˭׷ˣ
˵£иެ⼸һֱңҪҰѻ¶ˮ
ެҪǹ
ެҪڳߴƹڳۻ¶ˮôǷǬˣ֮ǰǻʺշ𶼲ҲǬĻˣڵĻ¶ˮȫԳȫƵެˣܵǬǰ˵¡
ڳˣǾ˵ެ˲ڴҪެˡ
ެڵĻ¶ˮȫǿհףެǵǲ
ǵģ£˵
ǾͰܹģެĵܾȨȻȥǬ򵥵˵
˵ǵ£ެˣûǮ
⻰Ǭ°Ͳһ͵ˣȻɳƷĿǲǸ˰ûǮҪģкǽˣåѵ¶ãҪң
ˣ˵£ģǼһûǮȴҪһҩݸǻǶ֪̲ʲôȻܻóһȻⲻҪ𣡡
ȻǬ˳¼ҵǱһͻʺӸ˵ġ
ǰϳȥ𣿡Ǭ̯̯֣˵
˵ʶ̫ӵ£ǰȻ̫ӵ¸ģ˵ǲţһֱǣ
ȻʶԼģ
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507 ﰺ

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508 صĲݡ

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510 찲Űʽ

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511 ս

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³ͷǬĻƤ΢󣬾˵˳£³ĳδܼ˵ˮ֮δ˵ȫֻܸ˵һ´ŵ·ߡӳݣҪݣ֣ݣݣ۩ݣŵݡˮʹ·ӲʯͷƽߣôֻҪ⼸ݵԭй·ϣˮͿˣ
ţеǬͷ
³ͷʵ£ⳤݣһǧҪ˵ʱ䳤ޱӴ󣬾ͺñȵ˺һ㣬ľ˹֪¿˼ǹ
⻰˼ǬֻһʱûпǵǮƵ⣬ҲҪ֪Ǭû㹻Ĳ·ȥ
ǬܽǮľֻл¶ˮֽȻҲˣֽ˲ֽ࣬ĴǺΣֻǿά֡ʱҪǮȥ
ˮ೧Ͷ֪Ǯ;ΣԺ·ϡ
⻨¶ˮҲа



513 Ʊֵּˡ

ȷʵһӴḶ́Ҫϸļƻǿ԰·߽зڣһڣݵǶڣԴƣ³ͷ׼һڵĹ̵ϸݡڵ»ܰѵһڸˣڶںģһһɳչļƻģǬ˵³ͷȵˮ೧Ϥһˮ࣬ôˮ·ûׯ·ʵ飬·޳ˮ·ˡ
ԥһ£˵·޳ģͨĿȣԲһܵģ
³ͷӦ
³ͷȥƺԥʲô
ʱɫЩεضǬ˵£³ͷıȻɿ³ľȷʵǸ͹ĳŸ´һ³ͷ𷣣
Ǭû뵽Լ̹ˡ
ûй㣬³ľΪ˺ͱ¶ҼģܰܵҲˣû£Ǭְʵ㵹˵˵ʲôˣ
Ǭ˵֪Լ鲻ˡ
ˣǬָָ˵£³ľ͸һӺӣ滨ľ
ղŽʱ򣬾;ζµģû뵽³ʦ͵ġ
ǻ±Ǯ˺öҲû˽̣ׯԺĴһǸǬ˼Ҿ̰ۣ
ȷʵǻˣ
£ǸϣѾҵİѱˣӼǬѾʹ̰۵飬Ҷʾ⣬æ£ǬԼĺøиһ¡
Ǭ»ǺĵģڻǺǸϡ
ʲôѱǬʡ
ҵǰһ飬ϵĴķǰһϵɱˡ˵
Ǽ򵥵ɱӲ˵ɱıһʲô顣Ǭ֪ӺлҪ˵ֻǵһͷȴ˵ȥ
ȥ˺󣬲֪ķĺϻɱʱ˵Ķڹٸ׷ʱѾɱˣҵķķ˵ƽ⣬ûйϵٸץѱҲķûа취ˡӽһ͸¶
Ҳ룬ⷢùܳ˵ӱһķйϵҵ׷ٺҵ˵ʱӱĺץǸϰ壬ʳķﷷӱǸɱ˵ĶӱҲпķģ˵
Ǭû뵽ӾȻôͣҳôİˡ
ʵǸϰ
صĹٸڴǸҵĺѣȫɿ˵
Ǭ˵ͷ
£ҪҪھͰҸץֻҪץͲĻˣ˵

Ǭ֡
һ㶣ȻǬ
ս˶УʱŪ£׾ͱ˿ʱ˵ȨˣǾͲˡԵݵսʺ£Ǭ˵

Ǭ̫뿪̫ãݵϢʱûйɣһͻм˿ᣬǬҲʱйȥûǴڹá
žµĵǬܵǲҪٶѩˣȻԻ˶ӿɾͲˡ
ݵĴڳûյκϢóĴƨɶˡ
ʱТǬˡ
Ÿ룿Ǭɴ۾Т
ТͷȻ˵ֻɫŸ룬Ȼߡ
˵࣬ǬȥųƸһʵô֪ƣ
Ŷڳ̼ҿ˵󣬶ǬЦЦ
ǬôоԼļ鶼أ
Ƶˡ
ȻƣһЩԱһμʱҪõĶ࣬ëɫˣйˡţûиǬˡ
ô㾫ͷТ㿴ƣҲҪ񿴵һŮһ۾⣬ſֻûˮҪһүƻˡ
ãߡТ˵
ǬӹƣȻТ˶̫ĸ¶
ТҪҪ
ȥТǬϵһָ˵£ֻŸ롣
ƣһϤС
ֻǬ˵ʱ򣬴бǬ
ʱ;ֻԣû뵽ТƼģֻˡ
ТǬãǶ˵£սǣ˵ģȴҪϰ²ܿ͵ʶ˶żǰߵ



514 Ÿ롿

Ǭͷ
Т˵ʶڣǾٶ̫ˣٶ֪ǰߵսǾͿԸõˣ
˵ǬһԼƣЩΪʲôԼˡ
û£ڳ̸ֻŸΪ˳֪ڣ֪ǵµŸ룬ҡٺٺ١ĻТû˵޳ܵطЦ
Ǭһ۾
˵ܰѵµŸõǰȥôͿŸӴžˣӲϵɣͿԱذѾ
˵ͷʾҲ˼
Тһ㣬ǵļҵŸ봫ϢͲȥͷҲȫˡ
˵Ǭ֪Ÿ뱻Ƿս;ˣȻ˵Ըˡ
ڷһʵӻûгθá
ʣΪƵĹȫЧȻǳǬԸ顣ֻƣֻɴӶ̸·ߣûнйԶ̵ķСһŸǣڵﻹûзֻ²ھͶʹˡҲҪȵ꣡Ǭĸ˵˳
Тһۣʵ˵һӷŷɺֻֻлˣȫꣿ
Ǭգգ۾ͷ˵ǡ
ֻТ۾һТ˵ô˵ĸӣʶ·ǰǴԶĵطȥҲܻ
˵ǬҲʵ顣
ԼһֱֻǶôȥ;ֻҪܷɻ꣬Ǹɻسʲôͬ
ҪĸӣǬӦõøǰѾ͵꣬ת͵ǵǿСǻҪѵģҪץһĵطɣܷܲɻȻһʱ䣬ٰѸ͵ԶĵطٷŷɻֻҪܳɹģǾǺøˡ
Ǭ뵽һ飬˵ҪѸݣôֱ·ÿһζԶ˷ŷɻôԺӦγԼĺߡ
ߣʵ
ŶǷ·ߡǬ͡
˶취Уǵͷͬ
Тʵ¾Т֣Σ
ڽ°ˡ
Тæ񣬾ܾ£żѧԺæѧԺѧʼҵ£̫ӵ¸ĶڻûȫŪʵûоһѶϵͳ»ְɣֻҪþܸҵļѧԺһãóˣ
˵ҲͲǿˣȻüͷźʵѡ
Ǭ⻰Ӧʵûгˡ
Т³ŴƵļѧԺǵһ֧ļТҲһͬľ鱨ϵͳĸӴҵТȨ̫ˣɵġ仳ɣ粻ҪҪҪǵġ
ȻҪТȥܸӣôҪТӼѧԺλˡ
һǹܸӣһǹˣТȻǾù˺ˡ
ȻҪܸӣǬȥ
⣬˲ְɣ
뵽ػСӲҵϴء
ʣȻûѡһˣػҾСأ¿ɿȥŸӰɣǬ˵
ػ֣ТȻҪ˼һӡ
Т˵屦Ӱɡ
ǡǬӦ
˵Ǻ֣С˵ǸʵĺӣҲһʮ꣬׶ûᣬ˵ȥһʮĺܹһغҴµľϵͳ𣿡
ТͬĻ鱨һͻһսʧܣһƬǳصʧһ֧ӵĴǹҵİΣԺŸ󣬻ҪһģصȥܣҪǣǾʸ񣡡
̾Ǿһߣˣġ
ͷϿɡ
ǰŸ뿴̫ˡ
˽ͷӶҪһϲȥЩӡ
ǬξϣиϽ֣ϻˡܿ챻˶ȥТˣܴˡ
һж־ͷϡ
־˭
Ǭܺ档
Ǿѡмᡣ



515 ž֡

ǬܿڿĴпǸж־ˡ
һûжٱ飬̱һȻŹ˵ĵһӡһҳϵˡ
ѸӴҵ˵󣬲Ȼ˸ӵĴãҪȥܸӣǲԸˣССغ˰벽
˶־̱˾ϴӦˡ
ţȻһǳĵһˡ
ǬڿпúֳԲ߾ҩƣѾָˣϰ࿪ˡ
Ѻõؿ˵ذҲָòˣһͬ־Ϊ͢Σ
סˣѾʳºܾˣղ̫ȥġ
û뵽ôõһˡ
ίؾܾ£强ãֲܡ
ûϵĻҼиӣһȥʲôģӻȥߴͿˣ
ٴ仰ɴ۾ⲻͷһϰһߴҵ𣬴˺ͷֱ˵˲ȥϰˣôͷӵİͿȻȻؽȥˡ
Ƕõ飬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Ҳ뵽һ㣬Ҳ飬ػҵĶ磬ͷӴ߲ȻԸ⡣
л֮飬Ϲ⣬ӣæӦ
Աص˵ͷ
ǬҲˡ
ղػŸģָ̫͵ػᱻǷɵķʽǰǬˡ
ٺ͸ٵѡźˣ󣬳˷ž֣־ǷǷةҲܺ͸ܵ˼
ǬҲˣŸģȻˡҲõһةȨ൱һܹʡ
žֳ󣬶־Ǭȥһ
ҪｨʱķžܲҶŸѵճ̰ţ
ǬȻӦ
־бػǸǬȥꡣ
ӼǬȥʮʿ󽫾ˣҪʲô
ػѷžֵĽԺҪܲʱӸˣû뵽ıǾȻһΪЧֱǹҫ氡ð˰
־ҪȥһӣϴӦ
һȥ˸־ӣҲҪȥʮӣһë
ȻëƺҪľְصһֻƵġ
־ЧǷǳߵġ
۲Ӻ󣬾ͷԸҪѸøá
Ȼѡܲĵַ
־˼ҪǬׯԺΪžֵܲ
⻰Ǭϱˡ
Ƕ־ûһ㡣
ǺһЦ˵ׯԺ̫ԲʺΪһĲáʼׯҲҪסĵطռסĵطҲˡ
Ա߽һרҵʺϷžֵլǸ
լδȽһׯԺãԺٰȥͺá
־˺󣬵˵ͷͬ⡣
ǬɽкãػǶԵģԼôԼͲԿˡ
˳󣬶־³ͷ·æʲô
ǬѾƽ·ˣһˮ೧ó˲ٵˮ࣬·߽ˮ࣬Ȼƽ·ϡѾһСˡ
ʲô־ֵʵ
·Ǭ˵
·־ˣ־ʵһׯƽһƽ·ͿˣΪҪ·˷𣿶·Ϊβʯ壬ࣿ
δ󽫾ⲻ࣬ˮ࣡
ǲͬӳĺ𣿡־ä
Ǭߵһߵĸˮָ࣬˵ˮ࣬к࣬һֽϣ·ԽӣӲʯ
־ǰȥ˿š
ȴҪȥˮ೧һ
Ǭʹȥˮ೧ˡ
棬ˮ࣬־Ȼˮ೧ȴǳȤ
ûˮ೧ˮģҼޱȣˡ
İ壺žܲˮ
ˮ೧ʱȻֻһˣǬ־Ҫžܲδ󽫾žֵܲĽͼưɣ
־Ǭôܳֵؿ
Ǭһָˮ೧ķӣ˵Ƶġ
ãˮǬģһˮ෿Ūģ˵ˮ෿ȻȨˡ
̫ӵ˵ǾӦˡ°ͼҡ



516 ŸѧԺ

־Ҳ̫Եˡ
⻰Ƕһ̫˵
Ǭڻعʱ򣬲ֹ
Ȼ˵ͰͼҲߵ̫˰ɡ
ҪһĽƷֻðʱƳ
ûڵϣŰ죬뻹аʱȥƣΪԶ־ĵԣһһܶǬҪˡ
Ҳ̫ٵˡȻѾˣǬȻҪˣھҪضŸơ
ԺѾһŵˡ
һҪһˮཨ
ڶҪѸӵƽ棬ʾžֵص
ȻҪѹȫһˡ
θȫ棬ȻҪӣˡ
νϣǬʱ򣬾ͱһ̫ˡ
£㵽¶̫˵
̫Ǹ¶ģǬöˣϤ
ֹֻͣ˼žܲĽˣȥ˸¶
ТҲڡ
ǵȻǹŸˡ
ҪŸ뾡󣿡Ǭǣʵ
˵ͷ
ûެ߾ʱпٳս£кüطпܵެϻһ»ȣϲʱңͻʣи߾ټãһܹʱҪȰһºܵõϢʱѾˣÿطŸפأǾʱԵõϢˡ
˵ʱ򣬶һ£ͳ˵Ҵƾڻиֲӣʱ췴ܸ֪ϢǾܸѹסǣһͲᱻĵطЧ¶췴ҲҴɸʧ
˵仰ʱТͷܳĬӡ
ΪһȨǻףܶ⻰̫Ȥˡ
Ϊ췴ģףȨйء
һɨͳֶʵֻܷɵܴܲӳɵ߾ȥһܸشǰˣ
˵ʱǬˡ
ʱҲòˣ˵ʣ˵ģҪ˵̫࣬ȸܽһ£ҪǮԣǮһ֡
ТЩˡ
Ǭ˵˵һҪóؽܵľôҪѳķžľפ߾ȥôҪľ룬ǵȥݵʮˡ
⣬ֻܹϵľ롣ѵʱ򣬲ÿһֻӶܳΪ룬ÿһֻԶ̹ҪĸӣͿõĸӵʮࡣ
õϵľ룬ܻڰ··ˣڰ·˸ץ˳ˣܱҰ޳ˣ·ˣģǻĵҪڳѵµĸӡ
ѵӣҪãҪ˴ȥŷɣҪҲǮ
һǮԸҪذŸϵͳʵֳҪǮȥĸӣӵ¸ӳõϣҲʱ
Ǭ˵
˵еͷͬĻ
糯Ǯȥն˵
Ǭߵ˵˵ΰѸӷŷɸ߾ȥ
Ǭ˵Ǻܼ򵥵ģڱ߾ĸӣȻҪʱѸӷŷȥ⣬ҲͬҪѵŸȥ߾ҪֻҪʱ䳤һЩڳ˾һܳȥȥ
ãкõ
Ƚܿϣˡ
ǶԴģٶֻ꣬Ҫܽô˾ͻ
ǬǬ𣬷žϣҪް쵽£һѵΪõŸ룬һҪˣҪǵطȥŷ־֡
Ǭͷʾ֪
¡ТҪӣе
ֻ˵Ҳһѧϰģڷž£һŸѧԺ
ѧԺԴԴϵ˲ŵĵط
ѧԺԺͲûˣ
ܿͬ顣
ãڷžŸѧԺɳǬѧ࣬ȫȨˣдһֽ飬Ȼ󶪸Ǭ
ѧ࣬Ժλӡ
൱ТڼѧԺѧࡣ
Ǭ⻰⣬ȨĶһҪǬǸְλģ涼һѹŵģھȻԺˡ뵽ԺǺ۵ģǵԺɣڼѧԺһҪǵŸѧԺѧ࣡
ʣȻõѵ֮ѧְ̫Ҫˣֻ¶Ǭ˵



517 Ǯ

ǬԸ˽⣬һ׻˵Ƚǡ
һƨɣ֪Ҫʲôˣ
ǬĻ˵һ룬ʹˡ
飬ôˣԣһ˵
Ȼ˵ֿʼĽѧϳҲֻӣȥҪӡȻô͵ʱ䣬Ǿȥһ顣ԺֻȥһڵĿΣȻȥŸѧԺ˽Ρƽʱ糯Ҳ٣ش¼Ҫϳ
Ǭһ٣ⲻ
Ȼˣװǿ˵ȻʶԶԺǶһøʧģ
šص˵ͷ
Ǭڶ仰˵ʣѧԺҲҪǮ
һɫֲÿˡ
˵꣬Ǭ˵һ£ŸȫĻׯžֵܲ꣬ԺҪתҲ鷳Щǲˣ÷žˡׯʹģڲһׯ԰㣬ׯӣɷžˡǸׯԺҲΪŸѧԺˡ
ջػׯһׯǬģǬȫҪһׯԺһ£ǬͿռˡ
ׯׯĹǬڿ벻ھóĻׯׯӸǬǬҲỻġ
ΪŮ˶ׯ԰ׯ԰Ϊõ飬Ȼ˵ˣǬҪɡ
ɣȻˡ
ʣԸ⻻ѽ˵˳ΪžֺŸѧԺҵׯϣǶΪףǶңôܰȥҪһΪ׵ׯ԰أԶܻ
ǬЩ˼㶣ȻɫһڣǬΪʲôҪׯ԰ԭˡ
ΪĻ¶ˮֽˮ೧ǱߣԸ鷳ߣԲŲԸ⻻İɣ˵
Ǭֱһ䣺Ӣ
ҲֻһСԭѣΪ¶ˣʵǬЦˡ
ҪǬȥ£ŸѧԺѧ࣬ȻЩСϺƽϡ
ͬΪ׵ˡ
ʣȻܻׯ԰һ˿ΣʵģǬ˵
޳ܵĻЩˡ
Ǭоæ˵ʣҪȥ־󽫾Ʒžܲͼˣ
˵꣬ˡ
˶嵿Ǭʵ£ĪǼʲô飬ܵһͷ
ûУһһ߹˼ͼأžϴҪǬ˰֣˵
ʲôǷž֣Ǭһ½Ÿճķž֡
ŶһȻӹСϺ׵ëǬ
Ǭ³ʦ¸飬˵ȥ꣬³ʦĵܵ³ͷˣԺ·飬ͽ³ͷˡ
Ǭ˵ǻлˡ
ȴû̹ףЦ
Ӵ˵Ǭ嵵סܣʵ˵˵ˢ㣬ʲô㣬ӵݻģ
һЦȻ˽Ǭ˵£³ľʵˢ⣬֧ľ֡
ľ֣ʲôǬˡ
ʲôĶܴ嵵ġ
СϺȥѶ˹
ľӣ򿪺ӣһɢ˳˽Ǭı
嵴óһ֧εľͷݸǬ
һֻǰεľͷһ֧ľǬⶫʱסˣⲻǡˡ
³ľȻˡѵ³ʦҲǴԽģ
Ҫģǵȥ³ʦһ´Խĵú͸ˣ
嵸Ǭ͵³ľ˵¸ķҲʼľͷʲôĶľָʱΪеĸȴԼץԷֻľֳĸáΪ̫ܵӣؽ̴֧ľľ֣ڵ¡ľϲʹӦˣ
ǬֻˡҲϲ³ľı»û˵ڶ̶̵ʱֻµĶɼ׷ǳ
Ź츸ĸ׾Ҫȥ̨ˣŰһ֧ľĸף֪ͬⲻͬ⣿ڴ
Ǭ˵ţ֧һ͸ĸܵһֻҪǶһֻŪˣһֻõóˣ
Ǭ⻰ϸ˵رǬ



518 ͼ

Ǭʱ˺ĸﻹû뿪
˺ĸҪȥ̨ݣҪسֻҪһزܻǬȥոס졣
ȥĸʱٽ
Ȼ嵾ãǻǱǬ˵ˣȻȥո
ϣǬѾ۱дŹڷžܲͼˡ
嵼ǬæҲûдˡ
ոǬˣĸҲˣ˸кͻˡ
Ǭ󣬾ץʱȥͼֽˡ
Ǭĳ뷨Ҫֳӵһ֣Ȼžһ֡
ܿǬ;˽¥һһӡ
ȫġ
֮Ըҵһξ¥ΪǬƳľ¥ľͷܽɶģôӦûеġˮ࣬ôŪӦû⡣
Ǭʱﶼ¥ȡΪ˫¥ˡ
ռصǬÿ¥ռĶһž־ռ˴ԼʮĶء
ڽĴѾˣǬҪŸںϽȥǺܿ͸оʧˡ
ȻҪѽŪɸεģŪɸν壬Ҫǳ鷳Ҳȫûм˵ġŪúܾܿ͵ˡ
һ棬ǸĶ־ָ֧εķ
˵
Ǭ෬Ǻ󣬾ʵ뷨ˡ
ȻϲεģǬҪڽĳһںϽӵӡ
ܿ뵽ˣڴ¥棬Ƕ¥λãŪһڵ񣬵ĵȻǸӷˣȻڴ¥ǰ棬Ūһ񡣵ͬǸӡ
ö˵Ǭ϶˫¥ݽơ
¥ֳһһˣһ㡣
ӵ¥Ӽ򵥣¥Χ㹻ĴڣһСڣǸӽġ
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Ǭæûио֣׼ȥơ
ҴҵسԹͺǬȥˡ
žֵͼŪúǬŪŸѧԺˡ
ɲԸׯԺѧԺˣؽһĺá
Ȼ⽨ҪʱģֻׯԺˡ
ׯԺͱžָһ룬Ҳʣ¶ˡ
ڿʼʱǬŸѧԺ̫ˣеҲӽ˸ռʲôط
һʱǬһ⣬ŸѧԺôֻԼһˡ
Ҳûѧ࣬ټ࣬ǹʹ
ѧԱδУʦδУֻǬһԺˡ
˹˾ˣ
Ǭ̧ͷˣⶼʲôŰ
£ҹˣϴ˯ɣСԱ˵
Ǭ˿յˣѾˡ
ֻðȷ£ȥһʡ
С˯һۣǬڶȥ곯󣬾ˡ
ܵض˵ҪʲôˣԼȥѡɣҪ޵ʥּҪͳˡ
εĻǬֻԼȥҰˡ
뵽ĵһˣӱͻӣԺԼĸԺˡ
ǬţҪȥĸԺȥ
ߵſڣ˶־
Ǭ£˵ͼˣ
δ󽫾Ѿ׼ˣһø㡣Ǭ˵
־ֵ£ҵȵңҽȥұ˵껰͸һȥ
Ļ˵ˡ
£ΪηžֵǮûеõ׼־ʵ
£ҲΪѵššüë˵ﰮΪǮ̫ˣݴսҲǳҪ㹻Ǯȥ֧֣ǲôطץˣ
Ǳ£ŸҲҪһ죬һ첻Ÿ;ˣ־˵
飬ǬȥϳʱҲˡ
˶֧ϰ¿Գ޼Ϊ׵Ĺǣȴͬ⣬Ϊڽʱ̣ǮҪӦܰһǮһսĲš
ǮͿסˡ
˶ǹǮĹٵ飬ĹٿסˣҲûκˣ
ڸһǮãȽˣҪ˵ĹǣֻºѣĹҲ˵еε˵
Լ˽Ǯ칫£ɼŸӳ̶ȵʲôĵزĹҲ޿κΡ
־Щľٶжˡ
Щʪ󣬵£ϳһ
˵ת˳Ǭ˵̫ӵ롣



519 ׳

㣿־Ǭͼֽ˿˵
Ǭͼʵ򵥣ֻͨĳ彨ӲʣĽȴһö־ϲˡֻ¥ȴڳеģΪ̫ˣƽֻѡ
ǰˮ࣬ȫԽһߵ¥ҺܰȫǬ˵
־һϵˣȻЩǬĻȴˡ˵ãȥһǲУٻˡ
⻰ԾͱǲǬ
ͼ󣬰ͼֽǬȻ˵ȥ꣬ȥӪһʿͶܲĽ𡣡
˵󣬾ͲǬ˵ˣתͳ˻ʹԲµȥӪ׳ˡ
Ǭ˦˦֣ǣȻϣȥ
ڶſ˿ӱǬѶ־Ϳ׷˵һ飬Ȼ˵ӣû취㲻֪δ󽫾ǷƢֻˣ
׷ӺʧⱾֻһϵĿΣǬмŪһμϢǬʱǵһڿ˯ͷûȥϣʱǵڶڿˡںˣ·ԺǬֻһڿΡ
ǻû뵽һڿΣǬһΪæãβΰ
£û£ȥɣϷҪȥ̣һֵƹˣ׷ӿЦػ˻֣˵
Ǭͳ˹ţȥꡣ
꣬Ϳһ˵ˮ·ȻֻһׯСǬˮ·ˣּˮ·ˡ
ˮ·ϣȴ˼·ԣ·ͷϣ׼κˮ·ߡ
ǼǬϳˣæܹСżʦ
Ǭʵô·ˣ
ʦ첻ǷԸ³ͷˮ·Ҫȸ˲ȥűƻˮ·ģ˵
Ǭ˿Ѿ˵ˮ·˵ˣ·Ѿȥˣ
Ų˼ס
Ǭˮ·
ƣڼӲˮ·ϣʯͷϵ
ˮ·ȷʵЩͬ
뻤ҲǬ
һ룬ǰ³ͷһ·ˮ࣬ׯ·ֻһ룬Ǭ͹³ͷ˸кȥׯԺ
ӣǬŸѧԺ˵ҸƸΪŸѧԺĶˡ
û뵽ԼȻᱻΪ˹ҵĹԱɴϲ
ׯ԰Ĺܼң˵ֻǻʼҵıķѣʼ˽˿ׯ԰ġ˵̫ߵĺˣǹҵĹԱŸѧԺĹѧԺˣڹҵ棬ӳ˶֣Ҫ˵شһҵ
Ǳȥģʱˣʱ׳գǬˣҪ˵һٸˣѧԺĶ֣ڿʼճĻӵ˽ѧԺɣһѧѵ󣬽ΪԺŸѧԺĽʦ񣡡
ӾǬ˵£һҵõµʦ
ţŸѧԺҪԼһУ԰δ֮ǰҪׯԺáǬ˿ŲСׯԺ˵ķ䣬һ£һָžãһָŸѧԺá
Ǭ˵ʱһԶ
Ǭһ˵һ̧ͷ
ڴӳķһӹˣЩʿ·һ·£ףһԾǾš
˵껰󣬾û˵ˣһֱǱߡҲ˴㶵ؿԽԽʿʵ£Ҫʲô
֮ǰδ󽫾˵ҪӡǬѶ־Ļ˵֪
̾Ȩ׳
Ǭһţ˵ȥ³ͷʿֻܵ׳Ҫ߳
Ӧһ󣬾ȥ³ͷˡ
³ͷָ·ӽ̫зԸܹˡ
ӵˣ־İٸʿߵǬǰ档
ǬȻʿüӵĶԱҲмǳ̹ڶӣǴ޼ҶӵģˡǼǬ𾴵Ŀע
̫ӵ£Ҫô־ʵ
Ǭ³ͷѾ˹Զ־˵Ϣһ£ҰôӵҪ˹ͷɹͷɹǡ˶δ󽫾мº˵һ£Ժ棬ʦˡ



520 

־ȻǬôҪ󣬵ûжʣشӦҪ
³ͷǬóͼֽ³ͷһߵѾѡõĵַϣָ³ͷҰͼֽϵĸҪ³ͷ
ͽùˮ³ͷѾˮһǳֱ۵˽ˣǬ˵ˮשٽӵ˼ˮܰõ
ֻ¥ذʱ򣬾ȻҪൽˮ棬Ǹ鷳顣
ǬѵԭȻͳɡ
ӵĵһƽ棬ڵػٶʿڵػϡ
³ͷǬͶ־ȨʹٶʿǣָʿµĹǽ棬ڵػȻ졣
ЩҼԽԽ࣬Ѿʼܹܼóȥˡܻˣ⼦öˣھ˵ۺ죬Ҫõھӡ
һҪ͵ģͶڻׯˡ
ׯΧׯӵλߵׯԼļʮĶػܼҵϣϵҪάϵá
ҪǣʦܼйϵأȻʦĵλűܼҪߡ͸ܼңǸʦĽҲˡԹͼˡ
⼦ȫǹѡģͽĵÿһŵܱãǵоƷ
˻ׯߵ࣬Ǳ߻¶ˮʱǳʱһĻ¶ˮÿһ¶ˮǧǮ˻Ż¶ˮһͽʮ˻ų˳
ٿǱߣ˵ֽֽǹصĶ˸͵ʦˣ̫ӵ·ǳֽ˺öʿֽ棬׼κ˿˵ֽʦļˣȫסֽԱߵ½ƽʱҪҪʿšû뵽һֽȻҪ鷳࣬һʦЩãֽǶôײŸģȻȥƨɣԼҲԣԼǱġ
ٿǱߵˮ೧ʦǰ˵Ҫָģһʦĸ߳ŪĲˡˮ೧ĴŲϵ˳ÿһǺںڵĶˮˡ
ڻׯĵϣҲһˣƺ·ôˮ·أѵˮҲõġ
УׯԱ߾Ȼмٸʿǿ˸׳Ҳ֪ʲô
Ӷ飬һǳҪ;йϵ
ŵʱ򣬷Ѿ˻ׯſˡ
ǬӰֻһׯ˿ܼ
ׯ˿Ӧһȥӹ
ʱæء
ҪźׯԺһž֣Ҫڳ㹻ԽĿռŸѧԺҪѻׯǰźסŵķ
˰ŷ䣬ӻҪȥˣʼʽ
һγΪԱһγΪѧԺĶ֣һǬĹϵ֮һΪƹ׵飬ôأ
ţéʺʱæ˵ʱ򣬾Ȼţⲻ̫ɶ
ӸҪׯķˣǿ̫ӵµɶôԸ˼ұŸ
ҵ˵ĻأԼܳȥˡ
˹վ棬æк
ֻ˵һزѣͲˡ
ʦǱæҪȥʦֺõʵ
һȻôҪǬܼǰҪǬһ棬ܼҵﶼʲôˣ˵֮ɶɶ
ԹȻȥǬˡ
꼦ҪߣȻӾô̫ӵµɶĶأǹҪͣûʲôڹأ
߳󣬾ͿǬվǸӣ׵佫Ǭǰ˵ʱϻһЦݣһֻƣȻʲôǸȫעؿǬ˵ĻԿǬ˵Ļǳ
Ǹ佫ڹһǳ˲սϴɱˣƵڹǷǳߴġʦ˲ǰȻɼʦıжߡ
뵽̲סԺ
뿪ʱǬûз
ʱڸ־ԺҪιܷž֣ôѵŸ롣
־Ȼ˷žֵϴ󣬵ǶŸȴһ֪ܴǬȡ澭ȻҪȡˡ
ǬĽ£־Լγһзžֵİ취ˣ



521 ʦ֡

磬žֵܲǬո־ϸؽôŸ롣
磬־һӷžֵİףȻפ˻ׯׯԺʼ˷žֵĹ
־һʿʮˣӸӡ
ҪӽȥѵŸġ
ȸѧϰӣȻϤ˺ٰѸӴȥһŷɣǷɻ
һˡ
ϲȥ˲ֻһ˵˻ǸׯϵһӵˣϢ󣬹ſģڸ̽ؽû뵽ʮʿͳȥǰˡ
һ¿ˮȻھӵˣ˵ټˣ¼ȡˣʦֵƣʮʦܣԺˣ
Ҳһ¿ˮ˵ܼң˨ֻǻӶѣ˵øŵģôܵʦ֣
ʦ˨˵ǸݵµˣҲֻ룬˾ɱ˳ˣôҲû뵽ݵˣȻϢһͱôߵְλˡ
ŸѧԺ˵Ǭӣ˨һӾͳŸѧԺĵˣƺҲ̫˰ɣ
Ͳ˰ɣŸѧԺвһΪ󣡡Ӻܸ˵ȻǵһģйȻҪˣ
˨һƣ˵ˣȥǰɣ
תͷʿ˵ǶҪʦֵĻ֪𣿡
ʮʿִӦ
ʦ˨ӱŵ˶æúܣͲˣôʦԼȥˡ
һߣ˨ˣʮǿ׳ʿ˨رѹ
ʱӦҪ˵ʲôɣ
˨תת˿ȣ˵ţģҪιӣô֪ҪιأҪиӣǸ˻ô죿
ʿֻ˵
˨Ӽ˵ԼҲôˣǼ˵ôģѧӵӵĽǹģôҪιӵʱҲؽмˣ֪ҪιǣǾͷɹˣ
Խ˵Խ𾢣ʲôʿǰЩ֪ĶԵ÷ǳгɾ͸С
һͣˣ֪Ķˡ
شԺӣһŲ˸棬ŸѧԺĵһʵãʼˡ
ʱǬڷžֵʱ칫ĵһ칫Ƕ־
Ȼغһڲ󣬶ԶĶ־˵󽫾򲻴Ҫɣ
мֻӣΪʲôʿǴȥŷأ־ǼԼ˵
ղŶǬ˵ȻǮûׯмֻӣʿЩֲҪǮôʿŸӳȥʼŷѵһͿԾذŸѵʱݾͿˡ
Ǭȴͬˣɷǳ֣ǻҪأ군Ҫ
ʱҪĿøӣھҪøϢ
󽫾Ÿֲֻһʱһɵϴóڼѵûá
ѵ첻ط𣿡־ʵ
ǿԣ⹺ҲǱȻġĸӲŸ룬;Ÿ롣Ǭ־е⣬ЩЦ
͵оŸȵľˡҲûожҪƵᵽطȥôɳȥɻǸĵطЩĸӣͻ֮ǰȥĸһɻˡùĸӣţɻԭ˼ô죿ǾĿ챨һܴطй¶ˣ㿪־֣ÿһֻһ־֡԰ɣⲻ
ǬĽͣ־뻹Ǿе˵ͷ
ʵȻ˵ĸӲУǵô˵ǱȻģ
ΪһУ˵ڶȫµرˣͻɻˡңҲһЩʺŸģһЩʺϵģҪӸҵŸƷ֣ܽķž֣
⻰е־ͷ͸һǿ׳ļĺӶǿ׳ļĺӶ岻С
־뵽ˣĸڼǹأڼﲻ˷
Ҫĸôǰѵȥ𣿡־˵
ҲҪ̫ߣ⵽¸λȴֻȲ裬ǳĲˬ
Ǭ⻰һ͹ȻǺ
Ц
ټˣһʿ˽˵



522 ݴݡ
522

־ǬĴЦЩס
ҲԼ˵Ļ⣬ֻһ룬û⡣
ҪǬʱſʿˡ
ݿͷϵһʯͷݶ֣ǬͶ־ͷһ
˵һʱվǬ䵽ӣϵĲ豭Сı򷭣ɫĲˮ˳ȥʪǬղŶ־λϴİϵͿѻĿéõĹߣôˡǬûͶɹղŴЦҲͣˣŶ־˳ȥ
ǱڴػϺԱƨкһ£æǣ˹
־ĺڱҲǣǬͬʱԾСȼһӣ򳤰ȥ
ׯϵһˮ·Ѿ̺ˣ棬Ƶ졣
־ȻݵľѾ·ˣҲܼһʱӵ̾£Ʒ̫ˣϷԴӿ˵·İƺ󣬾Ϳʼˣ
Ӵû뵽⻹Ǭһ˿
ҿţһ˵ķ˿ķ˿ǧ󰡣
־ͷ˿ˮ·˵ⷢˮ࣬ҲǱдô֮֪ˮЩط·
Ǭ˵ֻҪ㹻κεط޳·ˮ棬ˮ棬޳
⻰٣ˮϵţˮµĵصˮ⼼Ҫ˵㡣
־˼ص˵ͷʱׯӣˮ··ûиղôˡ
ö־˱Ƚˡ
һ˼£ղǬЦܺʵ£ղϷ̸۹ӵ飬Ц
һղŵĻ⣬ǬЦˡ
־ɫЩڣǬ˵δ󽫾ǲ뵽Ůڼҳּң˶ȥˣţҪ˳ȥսˣŮ˸һµĶӣ˰ɣܴսüŮӣȫ
־ղ˵뵽ˡͷ仰־ڵͷ
ǺĻͲˣ£ʱ䲻԰־֪ʶٲҲ֪Ůǵ£ܿɫˣͲñ˸ˡ
Ǭ飬֪뵽ˣٺٺٵЦ⹫벻˵û¾ͿԷߵġû
־ɥص˵ͷ
Ǭ˵Ҫ˵Ů˷Ų٣ҲӦø˷Ų٣Ϊûǲеģ
־֪٣֪ǬʱʱðִҲû⡣
ƥٵؽ˳ܿ˹˸¶
˵ʱѾ˲ٴˣÿ϶Цݣ棬ЦģиղǬЦñӵķȣ
ӣǺϢˣ
Ȼ˽󣬾ϰѺϢˡ
ţݴʤˣ
дر𳤣ϸ˵װסԭ֮ǰ˵ţﵽݺ󣬲ûӲӲʾһֱڳﲻһɳС־ӳȥ͵˶ԾһӴܻһ򲻹ӣ˶ެĽţһΣɱˡ
ެӲ𾪣ľţžӳɱȥެʿͣʮ˱˳˸䣬ެ˧ڴƣ˵æʿܡ
ţһһֱ׷ɱնͷެ˵ެߵһ߳Ǻȫܻެȥˡ
ɱ˽ެˣһʤˣѹ˳
ţʤˣ֮ǰɳȥĺھûˣϾּȥúʦسˡ
ͬģ֮ǰҪȥץţʥּҲ·˻ˣҪдµʥּҪȥţġ
ţسܱãϱʸľȥˣڸոմʤӦˣެľһʱ˵һõެһС߳ǣ˧ھˣʿľֻϾɢˡ
ţﻹҪ°ģܻؾ
˵˵ЩʱǬǰ˵ĻļûġţȻһšҪȥݣοǱˣҪ޹ˡ
꣬ǶȥʱТˣһֽ
󣬲ɵͷЦ
ǬܺʲôТƺҲûǬ˼ǬެǱߵļ鱨
һ»޻ެʱ򣬾һȥˡû뵽ô鱨ˣһݽݱһ𵽵ģѵйϵ



523 鱨

鱨˵ʲôϢǬʵ
Т˵鱨֣һݴݣȾ鱨ҪϰʱֻǸղűڸ¶飬Բýڶ֣ެԭ򡣡
ެԭǬ֮ǰ»޻ȥ󣬶ԼڳŹ򣬻ҪؽŭͲԽˡ
ԭĴҲͬ
ТȻ˵鱨ެԭ򣬺þ˵ԭ򲢲֮ǰһԭ
ТǬڴĿ˵޸ɲҪ»޻ȥΪެм첻Ҫȡ֮»޻ȥȻ»޲֧֣ެȻŶ»޹ⳡսνެӣǶ޸ɲĲ塣»ǰЩĲĿ⣬ԵǴˡ
һ˵ǬҲ׹ˡ
û뵽»ްѴƸһˡ
Ǭ֮ǰ˵ìתƷⲻͱ»޸
滳»ǲǳ˳ˣǬĻ͵ȥˡ
»ǳɹˡ
ެڵìܸת˴޸ɲλȶˡ
ⳡ֮սǴʤˣɱˣ˵ķ²ǴƴʤˡެľȴǶ޸ɲĲ壬ЩˣԺҲ޸ɲôˣֻб»ֻϺ޸ɲֻˡ
ãܺãõ˵
̾ǰǸެս˴սֻ֪Ҫǣȴ֪ǷսΪʲô˼Ϳ֪ΪʲôˣԺ֪ԭȫ֮Ǿͺˣ
˵㽵˵»ֻһ󣬾ȻôͰǸˡ֪ıǾͲɱôˣȥެ»޺޸ɲȥ
ַܿԼˣ˵ެɱƵˣǿɲУ
˵Լìˣ
Ǭһۡ
ʤսˣʼݵˣ
һΣѾˣԺܵԽԽӡ
ǬТͶ־Ӹ¶˳
־Щʵؿ˿Т˵Ӽ俤ļѾгɹˣǵŸǮû
Т˹֣˵ԺǼҪδ󽫾ŸǵĴ֧أǵŸ룬ô鱨ͿϺܶʱյصﳤ˵췢ģѾ͵ˣôʱ¾ͿԵԲߣǧǿΪΰˣ
ƨĵ־ղŵļûˣһЩƮƮȻһЩ˼ˣ֣ͬ˵ԺѺúͬΪ£Ϊף
ǬΪŵ϶ϴȥҲÿڣǶϺˣ˵ԣֵܲţԺͬŵ
ֵܲĸ֣رλϴθڣǶǬˡ
ڶʱǬæˣϾȥոˡ
ոſѾ׼ʮ˲ٵĶ񣬾ոĸڳزˡ
Ǭ棬ոһرʾһ£ո̨ɼͿڳոȻˣ˵ǰʹŻȥˣѾµȥѰˡ
ոǵԼ֮ǰ˵Ǭˡ
ȥ濴˿嵣Ůǵģոĸǳȥˣõſ޳۾Ƶģɶأ
ĸҲ࣬û嵵Ƥۣ۾ûÿҲû׵
˱ˣ޶ĸﵽ̨ݲģǬο
⻰ЧĸҲЧ˶Ҳ뿪ԷģǶŲٿ޳
´лᣬҪóã⻰һҪš
̫ԽԽߣոĸҪ·ˣǬ߳˳ţһ·ʮĸ˲ޣǼȴͣǬ§嵵ǵ뿪ˡ
˶ǬҪ嵣ǳˡ
ֻǸĸһҹԻЩˣǬϴϢ
һϺرţŲͬζתһ룬֪Сµģһ
ڴӹһС·һ㶡
һۺɫأֻԧ죬Щ壬õǱѹһҹĺ



524 Сɰ

һ嵵Ժ˭ģ
ȷСɰġ
һȻСɰģҲġƳķŮ˵·Լһһ߸ģŮԼ·ǻܲ
ڶСɰǽдɰСɰɴϡ
㲻ԣСɰǺʹǸһġ
УȥոˣܻڴϣߣСɰǸԼĴСµģ
һѹôҹŴǷ˶ôʵ鰡
Ϊĸ뿪˵嵣ʱЩԹˡ
תͷǬȻܰǬôǬѾˣǿطСƢġ
ǬֲϹӣȻ֪õأػСµϿģСתĺ󱳣⿪Ȼתأػ¶ؽǬһŷۺӣҵƤʱǬ̲סһų˫ӵʱС´˵Ļ£ǳûУ
Ǭʱ˫ˣһסˣ˵ˣ
Ȼİסˣƨʵ⣬Ҫڸ˾ͲջԼˡ
㲻ţ
УžˣǬ˯ã׼ҶȻ˲ڴϣȻһǬǬһ
ϵСɰⱻѹġС±Ƚ˺þûҵһµĴˣôҲ뵽ᱻ嵸ץˣ
ɺ嵲ýͰǬ
˵زܾ
嵳ϢĿʱǬ˵Сˮ೧дɣˣ
˵꣬תһˡ
ں治һǬܵø죡
ȥĵطˮ೧
طѾǬĹصˣĻ¶ˮֽˮ೧ž֣ŸѧԺȻҪǻһǰޡ
ôණͶһҪˣ
ǬղŸҵĽڣˮ೧д£˺󣬻淢ˮ೧дˣ
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ʹһ󣬾ҪררȥǬȻҪǮ
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³ͷȥ˺ڽɽǬںڵɽסˣŴϲ
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Ǭص˶ϴźٺٺٵɵЦȥܸ˵غ嵴˸кԱߵ״Сеؽһֽʼˡ



525 ú

Ҫ׼СƢ嵣ǬӣˣСС˶һۣȻһǬ״ˣȥƽ֮ǵͻе£͵͵Ų˿ǬдЩ֣ɽ˰һµѧ⣬˿Ϊʲôѧʡ
һֱǬ嵣ʱɲȥǬǰС¸ˡ
Ǭһ㣬ͼ㵽ڣѾ׼Ϳʼ֯ȥúɽˡԹǬظŮǽ˹£ȻѾˣμŮ˳˺ϲ⣬嵵ѹ㶼˺ǬֻøǽμܱߵĹˣ߸ֺ⼸µϲòУ
ЩŮûûˣƺԺÿ϶ҪǬÿϽ£һһ½ʲô
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ҹǬĳǿս˵⼸ʵȻû˵һǬ˵Ļ۾СԹûˣҸ˯ˡ
ǬҲҸһһҪСµСɰʰãȻһһСսܲŮ˵Ļ𣬻ǡţģ
һΡһΡǬӻʲôأ
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ڶӵ󣬿ʽȻʽһˣЩ˴ģԺ׼ȸõġ
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Ǭ˵н飬ֱ̣Ѿͺˣ
ۣ⣬ȻڴؿǬ
ֱӰѼ˼ңǬ˵
Ϊѵ˵棬ֲʶЩݵĴ󻧣⼦ôͣ
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˵תŬ¶һЦ˵ˣɣ
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λ磬ô˼ض˵
Ű֣˵ûûУʦҺܺãСæӦģ룡
ǬԹͷЦŶ˵ллˣһׯūٸλ磬͸λһӼؼҳԸʰ
ǺǬɶùϵĻᣬľͷ⣬߸˵Ӧá
ŴŹȥˣǬżȥꡣ
ҵӣϷԸȥ֣ȥڽɽúȥˣ
úɲǼʮ˾ŪģΪסˡ
δ󽫾ϰ࣬ǬΪѣһʣ˺ֻŶһ²ؼҪȥˣæ
𣬴󽫾ºйϵǬס
εȹϵ־һãȻʵ
Ǭһָ˵ҵķžҪܲҪˮ࡭
ڶָ˵ˮҪúա
ָûúûˮ࡭
ĸָûˮ࣬žܲһ˵
ָҪžܲӦһʿңɽúȥúˣˮˣžҲˣ
˵ָ㿴Ű죡
δ󽫾ͳˣһʿҲ̫˰ɣݴսҲʿҪʲôҪһϣ
Ǭһ˵úȻԽԽˣڻĲŶ࣬ЧҲˣžҲܸؽ
ȻǬû˵ˮ೧Ҫž֣ҪŸѧԺдӳݵĳ;·أ
־˰֣˵ֻϷûȨһʿĵҪбµּУ



526 ʡ

־˵ĶԣĵӦһȨޡ
ϴζ־ٶʿڵػΪǾӪϴ󣬴±ϱԱ˵Ȩ޸һ㣬ʿӪö
һʿͲͬˣʲô˶ܵһʿôʿȥʲô£˵췴ʲôģǿɾΣˡƵʿսһսпԿʿͿެʮʿţһʿսΣţ
ڶ־˵ûȨޣǬ뵽ȥҪȨޡ
룬Ǻܿҡҡͷ
űˣԼȥ̫ɶ
ǶνܵʿǬգգ۾ʵ
־˵٣
١Ǿʿˣʣµֻܵˣ
۾һת뵽һ飬Զ־ʵνһܵ٣ֻܹܵ٣ֻܵ٣һطֻܵ٣
ĿڵĻö־Щͷԡ
ãʣô˵
Ǭֱֻӵ˵ܲܵٵٵúɽϣ
ˣ־Ȼҡͷ
˵£ʣôԼ
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УȥҵʿȥǬ¶˵
ɲ־Ķ˵ҲҪĶˣúǸķžˮõģ
˵ӣȥ׼úúĹߡ
һҹɶݵģݽ־СԻ¸ԣŵùԼ˵ģǬ˵
һϾǬ⻰ɸҳԻ¸ˣͣǻϴһׯԺã
ǬȥʯѾĴ̫±ȥȸȥµǬһ㣬ǬĿ⣬ǽһм
ǬҪװʯ˵ˣȻһҪô
ʯ֪ǬʲôµģĻ󣬺ʯǬ˶װʡ
ʣֱ̫ʣ̫˾ʣ̫ʡ
̫ʵְƹŶĴ󲿷ֱͳסѫ񴡢㡢帮ĸÿһһǧıЩǹеľʾнǧˡ
̫˾ʣһĹϵͳǷʣȥɡ
̫ʣǸվڵЩʿˣǸ𶫹İȫͶҹѲеʵȨһʲô飬ϵʡ
ǬҪȥúֻȥʵˡ
ǬԴ˵˵ͷϻ˶ֱȥͿˡ
ʯʵĳ٣ְλǶǧţر
ǺãȥҵˣҪɽúǬ˵
ʯָָߵӣ˵£߲ѾҪһڿʼȸ죡
Ǭ˰֣˵ǾͽĸȨ޸ĸ٣ɽ
ʯȻֻдӦķˡ
ǬλĳʷʷԼȥڽɽ
ʷְλǲı
ΪʱҪô࣬ҪһȥһºڽɽΪԺúӷ㣬ֻȥٶˡ
ʱǬҲȥѡһλá
Ϊ˲úʱúɽγ¼ǬúصѡɽϣڣͲʲôΣˡ
λѡú󣬽ˡ
򵥵İ취ˣһһƳ
ǬúһҪͶ𣬶ҹ⿿ÿĶ٣ΪúȽء
𳵣Ǭ˻𳵡
뵽ʵǻ𳵣쳵װúĳӷϣ˸ƳһͿƶúˣţ
һ뵽⣬Ǭʷűúɽܻȥȥˡ
꣬Ǭӣȥҹ
ȽϴǬûǹмһЩ㣬ʡġ
ֻºܴӶм
˺ֽͱʻ
ȻӣǬȥŪֻҪŪȻװúĳľͳˡ
ŵػһӺǬЩ⣬ʱ˹



527 ֽ̣

Ǭ̧ͷ˽
żӣЦ˽
Ǭ˵һЦ
ǬԱߣϰվǬĺ档
ţ˵˵ֵܣ϶лȥܹˣǼǾûؼȥԸʰɣ
˵꣬Ѽһһ͵ϡ
ķܹܼҶЦǺǵذһ͵ϡ
յǸл˹󣬾ȥˣܿ͸Ǭó˿ռˡ
棬ҪҪҲüȥǬʵ
Ǭ֣˵ҿɲҪҪһȥǱ߳ԡ
ˣоһ׽֮УǺһЦ
ܹܼұǸ˳ȥʣǬˡ
Ǭ˵棬˲𣬾Ȼʶܹܣֵܺ󣬾ͺܾȣĻһ˵˽»ˣȻܹܾͶòУӦÿҪׯϵĶٸһǵϣùҲǵļÿҪȥʮڵļֻܹܾҪȥҸĹˣ
˵Щüɫģƺгɾ͸һ㡣
˵Դׯ󣬻һֱӣûˣڼһ׬Ǯˣܲˣܲ
ǬЦŶ˵ׯԺǸҪӴ󼦵Ĳˣһ׬Ǯģ
Ǭһǳͬص˵ͷ
ʱ򣬹ͷ˿Ǭ쳵죬ΪׯԺû۱ʣǬҲûд۱ϣʱֻëʻˡ
Ч֪
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ǬĪģǷ쳵һǻ۵Ľᾧ㾹Ȼ˵ֽ̣
㻭ѿˣҲ˵ֽ̣˰ɣ
ֽֽ̣̣ٽһ¹ĨΣǬܴ뵽ĳرĲϰߣ
ûиΰķ㾹Ȼ˲ֽ
ǬԼҪ͹ͣȻ֪ôˣ
ʱӴһˣӵȻ潻̸ˣЩȴ̫࣬Ҫôſˡ
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һ˵⼦ӵġ
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һˣԺٶˡ
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Щḻ֪쳵ʲô󣬾Ϳʼֳǿˣֺٽзֹ
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ֹҪϣȻûǣֻùҵģǬȥǮСǲ뿪
鶼ȥˣǬҲʱҡ
Ǹ۸ңһҵ֤ݺǬΪսˣսѾҲʰҵʱˡ
һһжʳƷĺ̷ҲС
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⻰Ȼ˵ׯӣֻҲЩҪˡ
Ǭ˵ׯ͹ˣ㲻ø



528 ײ

⽫Ϊһ¢ϵļҵ
Ժ˼ҵļׯļĹԭǮԲöкöȻԺׯǮ;ޡȻۺ졣
ׯ˼ƣȻǬԸ⿴ġ
Ǳ˸һȥˣׯƶ¸·һˣȻǬԸ⿴ġ
ӾȻ˵ǬЩá
һȥôһ¸ЩˣǸҶׯ⣬Ǻһׯȥ˵
仰ǬŸоղŴˡԭԼۺ⼦ΪΧׯһЩҪȵõǬĻ󣬲ȥôһЩ˼ˡ
ţǱ˻ΪʲôׯأǬʵ
Ȼ˵ׯﻹҪļǮǶ˼Ĳ·ׯ˭Ҫȥ
ãòǬЦ
ӱӣǬȥžֵĹϿ
ڵػڷžܲĵػѾںˡ
ȻٶʿʮСͷٲںöûˡ
ʱ³ͷʮͷڸϲŸݣȻڹһߡеСͷΧΧ۵ʿǽ߹ʱѵ쿪ʼΪžܲ
һϣһʿڼӰӵشˮש
ˮשľģӷǳ򵥣Ǭ˵˺ڻׯϵһľԵũ񣬾ëԼȻľģӳˡ
Ϳʼ˴ˮשˮש̫൱שһĴСԽϾͿԿѾˣͿõǽˡ
ǴˮשٶȣȫǽҪ
ǬڿǴˮשʱׯ·˼ϷһȦһȦ˹ϵͻ³ͷ
³ͷͷ󣬾ʹļСͷȦæ
һܹǬʵʦһֽŪöԲԣ
ˮֽĽֻǬ³ͷֻǬȥָˡ
ǬȻֻǰڴ￴˼ҽӣֽ򵥵ĶǶġ
ȥ˿Ľ£³ͷСͷǰǬָʾæܿһθֽȦˣ³ͷСذѸֽȦŽǰںõĵػ档
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СͷǸ˺󣬾ͱҵʦˣʼʿһӴȻֱŵģֽȦҲ򵥣ܿѧˡ
ϰٸʿһٶȲ˵ˣʱ򣬾͸ˡ
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ǬŰ˸Ƶػ˶˶ſڣ˿һ϶һӼǬֵϸǷż٣żؼҰɣһ󣡡
£ôΪ˳Ը뿪أ˵
Ǭϵıӣһеٵŵģ
˺ǺһЦһ񣬴˵СĲҲӣ
æͬ˵һ䣬Ȼ뿪˻ʹ
Ǭ˿ʵûףû
ͷ
Ǭ˰֣˵ҸطԼȥ
Ǭضȥˣļңÿλܸоһܰ
ǬԹ󣬱С¸˳ǬСһۣⲻǰϲڴһ˯嵻ûãҪȥطˣ
С½εε˵Ϊո뿪Żر
Ǭɹ˳ˡ
СµļƻܿˣΪСһȥʱ·һˡ
Ȼˣ
һ̨ϣˮ󼦵ĿǶ˵ϣһ۵ļֻʣһˣﶯ˶ԵǸ㡣
⻹ûǬˡ
ʱǸԺ߳һˣһɫĹŮװȻʱѾˣһϳʳ
߳ʱһ̣ϷԲļԱߣĿϵؿһۣȻ󿴵мǣһýһ˵ôôŪһصĿǣǵģ
һ˵ţһߵȥ
˵СʱмԣйһҲҵģ
ڼ񼦵мʳ˵ףҸĿǵأûмǲǣ
û˵һʳ˵ȵȣҸ
ʱӦһǬǬĿ˸š



529 ש

ǬҪȥҸεĵطɶĻ£ߵ·ȻҪĵطˡ
ǬС¿ʱûзǬ
ΪһڣǱ˿þˣиоġ°ʳĻ£ĸӦС࣬վǱˡ
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ʳֱѾ˿м̧ӣһ㶣ôˣ˳ĿȥڰˣһһСġ
ΪǬ·ûʲôģںڰʳûãϲ
ľٶǱԷˡ
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ɤǼƣЩɳƵ˵¡
ʳĻ󣬲֪Ǳ߲ڰ̫ӣôǸСŮӣǳѵˡ
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ǬС³˳֣оϽ˽˹ȻҲоΣ˰죬ɱ˵һ䣺ͦóԵģǳԣǳԱɢԣɢ
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زڰˣߵеƵĵطȥ
˺һξ룬С²Ц
£ղſˣС½εε˵
Ǭһ£˵ʲôֲʲô
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ȿȣɶôоʳʲô飿ǬҪҸ⣬ƿСµעһ¡
С˵ǵȻˣһǾ֪ģ
ǬͷţҲϴСˣûʳҲûмˣϷ
ôԣСͻȻЩ̧ͷǬ˵ʳʮˣŶʮ꣬Ůôܱ˴أ
Уⶼʲô˼룡
˵ղźʳĽܸһǬɵֻ°ͣ˵
µǺǴСһģղ˵СʱûԹΨһһŻʳģ鲻þ͹ˣ
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ⲻܣС·񶨵˵
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˭˵Ů˴˲ŻչˣǺܻչ˵µġС²˵
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ľګ˵ûУ˵óԡ
ʳûصһۣȻ˵⻰ҲΣǰѻ˼ϣ˵⼦ǺóԣƽʱҪóԡ⼦Ҳ֪ģǵųһЩȫִӺʵļ
֣һʳ˵ׯġ
ʳȻؽӹҧһڣ޵㣡ׯʲôط
ׯ꣬иˣ½ιԱ˾ôĵгǬ
ʳȴˣæ˵Ժɲܸ˵˵ºˣ
áͷ
һߣʳ˰У̫Ӻʲô˵飬ͺٺٵ͵Ц˳
ǬȻ֪СֻȥɢɢȻһȦֻˡ
ʱѾվԺſվˡ
ǽȥ嵼С²ýȥӣЩɵؿǡ
ǬҪͣûˡ
զ˵ţûԵǵһɧζ

죬žֵĹϣػѾںˣľ̺ˣֽҲˣͽ˽ŵĴػ׶Σ³ͷһؾָӣе˶İţ־ˣ˿õһȥˡ
Ǭʱ򣬾Ա߿æˡ
еǰڴ￴˼ҽӴػһǴֵģ



530 ú

žֵĹأһػػ󣬾ͣһ죬ػʱ䡣
죬ʹˮӣˮӴúҪͣһ졣
ͣʱǬ³ͷȥ˺ڽɽ滮ú
³ͷȷʵһͷϣǬôúôӹúķ˵͸Ǭһ̳
Ϊͷֵķ伸¯ĵزˣ
ǬȻͰȨȥȥ
ʱȥƵú½˺ڽɽʹҲһֵ쳵Ҳʼᵽ˺ڽɽװȫûװϣôʱò˵ġ
Ϊˮ೧ȼϽţǬú߽ɽ󣬾˿ʼúˣʱ˳ȥҲţ쳵װˣ쳵ϵ˳ȥ
³ͷʿڳĺںڵúֵǬʦúӾ𣿡
Ǭ˵С
תͷסһʵķúģأ
æȥһߵҳһܻǬ˵£ҪӰɣ
ֻǬһλѣӣ֪ǲǬҪġ
Ǭ˿Ȼͷûǰڴúһġ
úĳʹãú
ʵúʹõ֪ʶֻ֪࣬úֱԭúѡ
úûдԽǰҲԶô
ʮ֮ľۣ̿ʮ֮һľмʮ֮һĻ࣬Ȼúһˮ÷úģ߸ӡɹɣͿˡ
ȻûִķúĸȼӽȥЧûִķúãҲ̫࣡
ǬһʿԼ˵ȥ졣
ʿ˸ֲϣȻںڽɽ´˷ú
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оǬĿ⣬Ҳ΢͵ʲôǰ쿴ǱŪһߣҪ˵·ȴû·ÿڣ÷ȥµ׼ס
¹ȥǬǺЦؽӹ·һշ任ȥˡ
ĹƺָˣǬ˵Ż棬˵ǸҵĴ챻ٸץˣ



531 ·
531

Ǭһҳ£غӳйء
ҵĴӱץҵ֤ݱӸץˣӻصĹԱѣӵȻǸԱ͸¶һվ̫ӡһ̫ҪԷһˣǻһԹٸС
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˵ƶں˵ĴǺϵģûղƲˣ
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532 ҡ

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Ǭ͹Ȼ￴ˣһӼҶѾ߻ؼҡ
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³ͷˮ࣬Ǭ֮ǰ³ͷˮ·飬Ҳ˳ˡ
³ͷѾȥ۲ⳤ֮·ȥˣ۲ͿˣҪԭĹ·ˮ·ƻ·ˡҪˮ·Ҫʱط·˲δɵˮ·˲·˵Ĳ
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533 ʷ

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534 ͻ

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˵ǬشԼ¯￴ȥˡ
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Ϊˮ࣬¶̫ˣһͲˣ˳ȥ
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535 ץΡ

ٶ־µʿļ룬ׯӵʮҶûзԼʮȺŹһľƣܿ쳤ҵļҶͱˡ
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536 ơ

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ţС̫ɶˣѹ˵޳ȥĹóȥˮǬԺһŮϲ̲סС£ǰ



537 糯

ҵƲ㣬һҹĺڰĴش˹
Ƶİٹһϰ塣
δʱ򣬾ڹſˣȵһͽ糯ˡ
쳯ϣ־һվǬΪǬˮ࣬ˮڶ־ֱһԽӣ·ʯͷˮ̱Ƶе·ôƵĸطͨ衣
Ǭû뵽־Ͽ־ƽʱǸͷ˸ƮƮȻ
־˵Ҳ˵
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Ļ͸˼һǻٻʳƱʳڻʳǲŹġ̫˼ҼҶȥһ¹ӵԭʿ˼Ҹץ˱ˣⲻ̫۸
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£ˮֶɻҩӣ



538 

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539 ֡

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542 ʯɢ

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ڵǲԾµôûһ֣Ҳûȥ̫ҽ̫ûˣ
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صʳʯɢ
ʯɢǬ֣оȫİѯʵĿ⿴
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ǲӣǬ뵽ʯɢһԻҩ֮ĶƷ
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Ǭ۾һɣһŭĵ
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һ㶣Ǭ˵ʯɢһ־ʯɢʲô̸ġ
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һǬˡ
ǬҪһʯɢʲô˵ʯɢȷʵһõĶ˵κ˺йء



543 ϡ

ʯɢʳɢʯ顢ʯӢʯӢʯǡʯ֬ɣǺ֮ҽپ״ҩר˺֮˷õġһһ˵ҩԽȻңʹȫȡ
Ǭ˵ͷû뵽ܵĶƷȻҩ
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Ҫ˵ȥǬĻʵҩǱҩ˰ɣ
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ǬҲǣʯɢΰõģôղµɶϣͲֻɥʬˣɶˡ
κʿ֮ϲɢϲʳ֮Ϊɢ˷ҩ֮󲻵֮ͣ⣬ʳװҲҪע⡣ɢ֮ȫգ֮䣬΢΢鴤˷缲һ㣬ȴɳʳź£Ȼһ֮ǣһҪ£䶫ˮע塣ʯɢʳɢپ飬ǡ¡ʳԣơ
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ϣǬĳƺ΢΢ıˣҵҽԺҪѽĶİ취ˣҪµˣʲôĶǽģʲôĶǲܳԵģѾ֪ʯɢǲõģôǾҪʯɢΪΣܷõҩƷϢȥ֪Ҫﵽ˰һɳʶһӵЧһȥ˵ҸʣҸʶ¹涨ͷɣǴ򿪵ҩ÷ʯɢˣǾǷԱãְһҪʯɢڴƵʧ
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˼Ҳãô·˭ʯɢǷôԼԼﵣһֻͨ
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κڻʺ



544 ˵

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Ȼû˵̫סĻһǬ뵽ʲôˡ
ղӵµɥʬӣһʱһƣʱӻڶУԽԽˬȥǼǵǬģѹ󣬾ܻʺ״ˡ
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ȥ˺һĿ
߽˵ƻͨĵڣǬ׵Աǻʺɫ̫ÿǬЩ
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ĸ޹ʴҵģﷸˣôţſڵĻֶˣӹڵϣ̧ͷָǬߵ
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֮ǰǬ֤ҩʱ򣬾˵Ҫ˵ʯɢǼ򵥵Ķˡ
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⻰һɫͰˣǸղ˵ĻҲˣڲһ˿ķԵĻ˵ֻܵͷȥ



545 ۲졿

ǬĻǳãҽԺѷʯɢкһ飬ȥ֪ҽԺһҪΣͬ⣬Ӧñǣ佱
佱ǬϹŵӣ˵ȸԺ󲻵ٷʳʯɢ塣
仰ԹӶģҲǸһ̨¡
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ܶĹٱǬ󣬶̲ס½ôˣ˵۹⣬һ㣡
ȻǬĿúܶĹٲӦĹǱϾ֪ΪʲôǻСǵ顣
ڲٷʯɢϢѾЩԱĶڲ²ǲĳη籩Ҫǰף



546 ô

η籩ǰףô糯ض̫ƽ
Ĺˮ೧飬д󳼶˾
ˣ϶ûᵽһϵ飬糯ƽƽ˳˳ضȹȥˡ
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ԽֵƽԱԽСٶøӵСġ
³󣬵һжǳ޼ɣסҪ뿪ĺʵ飬֪ҼҼҶҪʲô̷Ҫضã
һæ˵ԹҪȥȥɣʵֻǶνؽĶѣȻѾҪΪˮ೧ãǾûˣʱȥ
޼仰æڰ֣˵ɣɣǷ£ôԲܷأǺ鷣ǺٷųϷǷǳʧѾǸϳˣ
ŶԹȰȥٸϳȥɣھʮҵ˾ֵɽ󣬾ӳȥ
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ĳ˵õģҪĹȥ鿴һˮ·ЧΣˮ೧ЧΣ³ĹǶȥţҲǳǵĹ·Ͽȥˡ
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һ񲿵ĹԱˮ೧ȾȻЩˮ೧á
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ʵϣֻӰ쵽˲һĶӶѣԱȻʮĶȥˣ
ǬڶΪԼղȥ¸Ǹ񲿹Աˣ
ⳤ޼ɲôͬСԱ
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Ǭ뵽ΪʯɢĲ׼ڹõ˵˾Ҫϳȥ仰һη籩Ĺָһ㣬ó޼Ϊʼʲôζˣʱ򲻵òʵ˵ʮĶׯӣǬʱ޼ɶҸˣ
񲿵ĹԱ˹ȥͳҽӡ
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ﲻǸׯģǸˮ೧ģֻˮ೧ǸԵŵĹȥӡ
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ǬŹ¹ȥʱ򣬳޼ӺǺǺǵضǬЦȻǬûйԡ
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ǬȥЩˮ೧ӹԱǣ룬ⳤ޼ǸӣЩʯɢĹٲԲͬⳤ޼ûзʯɢˣⳤ޼ɵǸƵˣ
ʱȥǱŵĹ·ĹԱ˺üλˮ೧￼Ĺٽš
ǿҲˮ·˵֪αܵȥأһȥ幫ˣ
ǬʱæǬ
ʹǵ󣬵֪Ѿͬˮ࣬ʵǹˮǮ֪ʲôʱܰأ·ѾˣûǮ޲ȥ
ǬҪ޵ĳݵ·ǻȵǮޣǮõãǬҪĹٴһߵġ
񲿵ǬĻվ˵̫ӵ£ǮȻãֻǮӦεȥ
ڶڹԱ˵ʱڣǵȻǰϵĹ˳á봦Ǯʱ򣬾ˣ
ϻˮ೧Ȼǰεˮ೧ˣǬ˵
Ϊѵ˵ǵĵ£ˮǮȻˮ೧ˮ೧ǹǹֱӰǮθ˹ùˮ೧Ϳˡġˮ೧ǣˮ೧Ҳǳ͢һţǮͲðˣ
ĻǬˡ
ˮ೧ǹҲµĳҪǮûֱӵذΣ



547 ס

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ǬôŶùóˡ
ھܾǰǬ뵽һ취ЦŶԶ˵лĺ⣬뵽һ취һ¾Σ
˵׵ȻҲǬĻ
Ǭ˵ˮ೧ΪȻǺãҲʡ˼ˮ೧ˣйʦǿҿԷġˮ໹ֻһڵķԺҪ£ĽһһЩʱԼȹźãԺȳٽ
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˴Ǭİ취о档
񲿰θǮͬȵĲڵʽˮ೧˽ˡƺô㲻
̫ӵĻֲܲʱ̫ӵĻǲǵġ
һº˭ҲûҪͷ񣬲ҷǬĻֲҴӦǬ
ǬȾ쿪˵£볯дֻǮˮ೧ʲôʽȴû˵⡭֪ҪһַʽԻҪȥ£ɱ¶ᣡ
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ЦǺǵغǬ
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ϻӣǻٵǻٻׯˣ˵ǬߵЩһ˿ʵˣƷͿڱػ𻵵ԣǬǾҪ̫ˣǵģͰӸٵˡ
¿ĳһѵµĻǱߵĵ軧֪˵
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Ӧ˺ָָˮ೧Ǳߣ˵£͹ȥһ£Ǽվǵˣǳҵĵ軧ֻ֪Ǻţ
ȥɣǬһ֡
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ѾµˣǸӷɹˡ
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ǸдʦֵİӣǲʶǬЩʿȴʶǬһ
󡭡ʦԭǴʦ￴ӭʿ
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548 

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ʿʦֽܺȻȻǳϲضǬ˵ԭǴʦʦ˨ӣ
˨ӣ֣Ǭ˵ǵһнˣһףҲ棬Ȼ˵ʿҲ档ΪǵһнģԾ˴ʦֵƣ
Ǭһͷ˵˨ֵܣЩӡ˻ŵ𣿡ǬʵֻǸ˽һ¸ղΡ
ʦһæ֣˵᲻ᣬʦҪʱ
ǬǺһЦȻʿȰ˰֣˵ˣæɡ˨ֵܣЩ𣿡
ôʦָһ¸ӡǴʦֵרҵЦ߹ȥǬ˵˸ӡ
רҵϾרҵ˵ϸ̶ȣԽԽʡ
˸Ǭϵĸëö඼ĲǬȥׯ
ſڣܹܼҴǬײջһЦʦ˰ȥϷȥҷԸ£
˵꣬ˣǬԼһ˽ȥ
˺Ժϣüͷ΢΢š
Ǭ㣬ĵϵĸë
Ǭѹ̧ͷЦһ£ȻվʮŮ˳ģԷӯ˹־Ǭ·һ˵ׯĸ˰ɣת
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˼ҲǬϣ˵ʵҲǷգе̰ˣ
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Ϊ·գҪšһüͷǬɴϵ˵ùһ£ôһʱظˣƺǬģԼҵͻˣǶ˷ܵ鰡
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һ죬˵ڻмʮĶڻׯܼҵϣһҪǮŻܼأûжǮǮȥҵأҵΧмٵ˼ҿˣֻܼҶҪȥһ飬ûûȨģǮأ
Ȼ˵ǻ̲ס˵һ䣺ܵЩʱ򣬼ЩģʱǮǿȥأ
Խ˵ԽСǸԼѡ
ǬĻܸоõĿض˵һңӵԽ࣬ԽãԽ̤ʵ
򣬲ÿô࣡Ǭ˵
оǬ˵̫ˣȻܺãǮûУô
ûǮǰɣһ취Ǭ˹ָ˵
һ㶣ȻӣðǬߡ
ǲǼܹͼǬղźˮıӣһˮһ仰󣬺һˮ
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ûǩһļǹˣôǹˣôӦðѼǮ㣿ⲻͿõǮ𣿡



549 ֧Ǯ

ûǮ
ˡ
ˣȴӲˡ
лûаѼȥǮģһûһǮ
˭ͬǮأֲɵ
ŹֵؿǬ취ǲ̫ɶˡ
㲻ţǬЦʡ
ͷ˵Ҳģ취ôеͨأǹܹܣôҵĻͰǮأ
ˣǬָ˰ڣ˵˵ܹܵģ
˵Ҫô˵죬һ̫ŵӣʵ
ǬʵǵļǲǺƣڵļȱҪ𣬱ȱ˵Ҫ󣬹ֻڶǵļˣ
Ǭ⻰˵òûдʺ밲ʱ򣬻ʺڳԼһ¸ͷзĵƣǬ֪ҳƷġʺһǬԣ˵⼦̫óˣ
𲢲֪Ǭ˵ԼԵĸо⼦ȷʵ㣬˵ͷ
˵ԺһģǬ˵
ȷʵڳԹЩûɲ򡣶ҹܹܶر飬֪ԭ򣬵ǲ᲻ġ
Ǭ˵ȥһļǸõļôÿһԱһǮܹܻܲӦ𣿡
һ㶣ÿһǮܹ᲻ͬءԼĻôԺ򼦵ȽӣһĵÿһǮһɾʡ˲ٵǮܲҪأ
Ѿݽ˼УǬʱ䣬Լˮ
ǰʱҲֱӣЩ꣡
˺һһ۾ЩؿǬ˵棬İİ취ڹõǮ
Ǭͷ˵ţȥͼʱܹܣһӦӦ
ţصصһͷ
Ǭ˵ȥֽͱҸдͬ
ȥֽͱʣǬдһΪݸ壬ˡ
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꣡Ц
˸һһдźͬܿͬдˣǬַԸ䡣
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ӵͷ˵ǣѾˣûҪׯ
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ӣΪ̫ӵĻׯĵ㡣ׯнĶˣҪȥͼı˵ļĶء
Ǭ˵ҲҪĶ
ϱıļЦҪԵһǬ⻰һ£׹ǬׯĹϵȻ¶Цݣ˵£֪ôˣ
ӣǬ˵ͷӻǺܶµģ
ʵ˵кܶȨƵҪôõ
˵ȷʵ򲻵õʱңͿˣ
ӹȻһףǬ˵ͷȥ
뿪꣬˶ǬӦ
صͷʾס
ߣһ
Ǭ̧ͷȥղͷһ˵һ·ûǰ˹
Ǭײʯɢ󣬴һƣ浽ʺȥǬ˵һѷϻûܵͷ¹涨Ժ׼ڹʯɢ˭˾Ҫ˭ϳȥ
̫ˣǬֲûܵͷӲٷʯɢˡ
ղžѵµҪ֮ãȴεظ˳ȥ
ӷǳˬԿǬ֣̲סһ
Ǭ˻֣ȥԼ˹ȥ
ӸҺǬǿ߹ȴɴһ£ԽԽ̲סһ
Ǭ˿Ǳһ̳֣˵
ΪΪʲôҪģ˵
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Ǭ˻̳ϣȻԱߵʯͷһۡ
˼ף
һֲҪǬ˵̬ȣ
ƽʱ᲻оģǬʵ



550 ýɽ

͵תͷ˵˵ʲôһźúõģʲôĵģ
үӵͻȻӦǬƽ
ԽͻȻ̼Խ˵飡
ҿ㹬Դϴľ뿪ĹûɹˡǬ˵
仰һȻ󰲾
˶ݽ˱֮С
˰һǬʵ˵˵ƽʱϲЩʲô
ҲǸղľĻ⣬һľʱǬˣ˼֦ľĳͷϣӶǬĵִ࣬ҲԸشĻ
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Ǭ˽ƽʱû뿪˵ȥʲôӰ˽ûƺӣû̩ɽɽﻹʲôýɽдģ
ѵǿ˵ʫԼģд
ӽĻǬЩ⡣˵ҲرҪȥһߣȻѿĽɽдһ飬ڳûгȥ濴ˣʲôӵģ
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˵˵£ʱǮˮ೧ǾͲˮ˵ˣˮ·ģԺҪ·ˣٷˮ೧ˮ೧ṩˮ࣬ɺã



551 ֵ̡

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£ǬŪ棬ֽе
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ӹǬ̣ϻ̳Ͽܳ˵£Ĺ˲ܵĶūңҡ
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ܹŻׯӡ
ӶǴ
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һԾйϵ
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𿴵Ĳ裬Ϊǻׯ˵Ĵã趼ͨ˲һ
Ϊ빬ܹǩһļͬ˼ʮǮܼҵġлܼһεԮҶȹһ٣ȻҵҪ䵽ҵˣ˵
뵽Ѿǵˣֻٸˡ
仰Щ㵡
첻̫ӵ˵ҪҵǮˣҲ֪̫ӵùģһ㶼棬ǮôǮȥأ
ǬĽడ
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Լõ͹ǮܼһԼ𣬻ҪԼ˲ŷİ
ҪԼǮѵȥɣ
ǮΪˡ
𼱣ǮֲˣϻأЦǺǵ˵
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ǬЦˣͬӵĻ˵ͷ
Ϊˡ
֪һǾǮȴȴĹȥҶ㻹ˣ㻹ʲôأЩǮȥҵǺһ𣿡



553 Ϲɡ

ӵĻջ
ڹ˵ԭΪծ⣬ӵϣǮӣǰû
ôЩǮȥҲ
ԹϵǮﶼͨõ
ӵﻹһʱ䣬ҵʱ䣬Ǳ˵ˣԣӹĽǶ˵Ǯȥҵģ
ǾܼЩ֣аǮƵġ
ҪϾӰ˰֣˵ĪҪٶ˵ˣˡ
ӵĻתۣɴ۾ڴ˵ȥ
ҪĻЩҪ˰æ˵
ܰӵæȻԸˣǻĶ顣
ܼʲôֻ˵Ҿе˵
ЦЦ˵ʵҲŰ취ҵׯ̫û취óڶǮˣû취ԸҵôҺһǮҵٰһֵȥΣ
⻰ûǮĽڣùϹɣһ֡
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Ǭȴһɣȥ죬ǲǿԼ᲻ᱻϳˣ
ᰡ˵ʵ۱¶Χ֣һ㶼ûи˵ӣɼˣ˵æ׷ȥֻʮ·ıվһֻ£º˶뿪ˡ˵
仰Ǭһ
ûͺá
ʱ˵һȥһҪȥ
ƺеǳĺ棬ǿһ۲ɡ
ãǷǳÿҽϾ￴ˡˣԡǬ֡
ڰ֣˵УҪȥˣ˺ʦǳԺã˵꣬ȥˡ



565 緹


Ҫȥɼˣæ
סˣͷؿŹʵˣʲôԸ𣿡
ϵķ˶ѾźˣչһϰߣѾûҪˣʱҲҪԼȥԷˡȻʮãһֱΪˣٺ͹һԹ
ڻҪǬԣһˡ
ԷҪȥԷΪǻʲôԸ顣ֻû뵽ʲô
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Ǭһĳŷûⷽȥƺûл˼һ㡣
ﻹڵҲõ̫ãֻ˵ŶȥԷɡ
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ƺ飬ûзһ㡣
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˵һĲ졣
ⳳܣҲҪ˫ܳˡ
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ǬûжҪػׯȥˡ
ǰǬתͷ˵СһԷ
ŶʶӦ
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ס˵ˣ⼸Ǹˣɲܣǿӿϴ˺þòϴġ

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磬ǬֻǼ򵥵ȥغ˿󣬾ȥİ칫˯һϾͻعȥˡ
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ʱһ۾ɵϴ󣬹һŷӦԾʣôˣ
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ϼԼʲյĻҲ֪ԼʳҲﲻŮæǳŮ棬ĵ߳ȥȥҴŮ



566 ӡ

ãá˳һţʹſǻ
ϸں棬ҲһĨ۾һ߽
һ˳֪ȥ֪ͨˡ
㣬ǿʲôƽ˵
ƺϵ˶һ㡣
˳ܹϵĺӡôöףɼ˵Ķ񶾣
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ʱĻϲһ˿֣Цһ£룺ײβҪҶҲôҵõ
ûµģն˵
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567 

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ǣǣ£ѾҵˣԪĵ˵



568 ռ

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ɫһ壬Ԫ˵Ԫ죬ԪˬѾҵϰ壬Ѿûеˡ
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569 Ҫá

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ȴӷذʱؿڣ
ʱоԼѾ磬ֻһ˵磬Ȼ˽˳Ŀ޺ŲҪнСȰ뿪ԪĿɶĶħЦһһˣȴ·ûһ㣬ǲһ㡣
˰ΧգԽԽСһֱ̨һߺˡѾһ·ˡ
ʿźᵶٺһЦҪյĺ󱳡
һשͷһ˽
ǸҪյʿשͷ˵һ۾һڣͬĵһ㣬ˣ˺صȥ
ͻȻϮֵ˶סˡ
æתͷȥ˳˵ڡ
ǰһˣŴ־һשͷͶԪţӸºһ¡
飡
Ԫ조ĲҽһϱѪ̻һÿ
̻ȴţ
ԪѪҲͬԣשѪҲص˵ˣ
ˣ˻һţԪٽ壬ߵǽȥˡ



571 ֮һ

Ǭһſڵʱ򣬾ͷյΣվأ
ŭһ˳ˡ
·ϣѾһЩϢһүҪռ¶ˮղʹˡ
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ǵ˵ſں󣬿ⲻǶԣҪɱˡ
ֱˡ
֮һ󣬿ΣգҪһɽ
˵һ֮һͬѧƣҵѵӦԷǽóһשݸ˵δȥ
֪̫֮䲻ܱܶѪ˭Ҫˣʵ۵񾭾ҪʱͲˡ
שͷãá
һֺõȻû䣬ǵſ߰ˣʮˣʿ˳ޣеСҪʿգҪ䵶ʷǳߣǸҾˣļᶨޱȣɼԼһֺõġ£ʵ˵һֺõҲһֺשǺһ£һ˵ˡ
ȼü֮˶һ
ʱҲһש׷ȥ˻ڴϵǬ
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СѾˣԪ˵ѵһ˵촩ɫֵӣˣǬ˾
ʿǼŴǬһʱûϳ
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һʿĵֻˣûе֣ҪǬȥ
ϵ˿ԾӸµĿǬϻһѪשͷ

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һʿһˡ
˵ʿʱҪȭͷǬǬһֻЬ߷˳ȥײǽϣʯҷֻһʱˡ
ְؽһҪײˡ
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մؿһӣȻΪаȫеӣ۾ﱩһâ
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뵽ǬĻˡ
ձƵˣǽرһʱĶﲻɶ࿴ˡ
ˣС緹ûǬ٬˵
ձӼȽŵǬģ䲻ϳϵĻһЦ˳ˡ
ЦǬע⵽յһϸڣϵӡ·ϵĽӡߵ·Űˣ۾ȴûкףûᣡ
ǬЩˣ
ˣǬΪձˣ
תڹֺ̨ʿȵ
ʿţһͳȥ
ΪǬĵһڣͬѧǬ壬һʿϣʿزҽһͷˣҲ˵ϡ
ʿǬ֣ûж֣ΪǬֶԸɫͿյү
Ǭֻţѵһȣשͷȥֵϣ־ͰһַſˣѾ׸Ѫְҽвˡ
שͷѾˣǬӵȻһָӹ̨
ǸǵʿǬһȭؿڣһȭ°ͣȭ͸㶨һƾ͵˵ˡ
Ǭڵϵȥ
ʱӵſսĹ߿Ǭ¶Ծ֮ɫ
Ǭȭͷˣ
־ǡ
磬飬飡˧
ţһ
һ˱״һ㣬˽ˣ
ֻ״˹ڵϹȦܿһ㣬վ͵Ǭǰˡ
˭ŪשͷһŰ
˵ʱѾסǬȭͷ˵磬ڵܵϣ飡
ղŴɱķǬ˧ڵϣһƲȭͷ˵



572 ˭ġ

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ںֵĶͷһ£ñˣ˵ĺ£
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˧תͷȥ˳ûзֵĺԽʯԾĿ˧
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˧ҪǬ
ֵܼܣǹɵ飬˧̫ܵ࣬Ǹȥˡ
Ŷйأ˧ʵ
ԽʯһǵϰôԼվǱߣֵôǿԵϰͿģԼǻǾˡԺԽʯҪ˵¡Ϊգ˳ã԰ģҪ˵£ˣҪùˡ
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˧üͷһ壬ЩԽʯֵ޹أ뿪
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Ļһ£棬ѵڵԵģģᵽȥǱ˳ȥСҲ˳ȥ
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һŵԼǰҪɱƵӣһǿ˵Ĺɣ
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ǬǸջɴ۾Լֲ˼ģСﱣĵ꣬˵ϲһ˳˵㣬ȥһ·ɣ
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ӵ̬ȣʲô鶼ȻǬû뵽Լһӵĵܵܣҡҡͷ
˧˵㲻֪Ǵĵ꣬Ҳ˵Ķ㿴ҵ궼Ūʲôˣ
¶ˮĻ¶ˮһƿһƿصڵϣеĴƿѾˤˣⶼǸղʿɵġ
һûдı顣
˧̾һʵ˵ɣ˭ġ
⻰һǬ˧֪ʲôĻһ㣡



573 ǹʡ

΢΢һ
һǬ֪֧ʹһ¶ˮ鷳ġ
˧֪ͬĸܵӵģһԸӣҵ̻ΪΪ竡ƽʱԺζģرϲǮǰܹԼϵǮ󣬾ȥ㡣ǽĸȴ˼̵ϣ˵ĵǮơ
Ŵӷװ⻹ûãôͻȵĻ¶ˮأ
㡲Żһʡ
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ˣöͷͲõشˣһ䣺׳գ
껰תͷǬǸ˵磬ӵĹҲòԣҴǸʧҵķֺ
Ǭ˰֣˵һֵܣ÷ˣʧҵ档رʧ㲻ӳӣҲܳ˵Ķҵ꣬˳ôǰӡȫûˣˣ˧ȥϵ˰һ¡
˧֪Ǭ˵ʧ֪ǲʹˣӦ
֣ȥ
ǬڵһĵСǶˣʼʰѵڵϵĵʱղ˽
Ǭݣûڸղű⣬ԵСǲ֪Ǭ̫ӣҲ֪Ǭ̫ӡʱ򿴵ǬֻǵǬϰ壬ܼʱǣĿرм
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ŶԭǬͷ֪ȥݣȥֵģ¶ˮչĽ׶Σеƹ񣬶ŵȥˣҲʹºûһ˿˵ǿǲܡ¶ˮ꣬Ժκβ飬Եˡ¶ˮһҵģ㲻ôҵҡ
ǡӦ
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úܲİ취ȡΣյʱ㲻԰ʱñҪʱǣҲģǬ˵Ժҵƹ񣬾ˣٻˣӹʣǷֳɵİɣԺϼ20ġ
ҡͷ˵ӣѾֳɵˣɳϰҿнġһһ
֮ǰǬȡ˷ֳɣӻ¶ˮһĻ¶ˮȥͿԷֵʮǮǺֻ¶ˮһܴϣһܵõĺôһεСæʱ򣬹߸¶ˮæˣͺȻ߰æˣˣˣ˵ǰʮƿ¶ˮֳɸֳոо֮ľУں˲ҪֳɣǸ¶ˮˣ˳ҲǱߵĵͨˣҺһ
ԽԽȻҲԽԽԽԽɣóϲ
Ҳúֱƹԭˡ
Ǭ֪յְְǣû뵽մ֮ǰĺϵڵĴ򹤹ϵ
˺󣬵˵ͷ˵ĹԺͷһɣ
˵ҲҪʣи󣬲֪ܴܲӦң
˵Ǭɴ˵
˵ֻҪҪ󲻹֣ŻӦ˵Ů̫ݵҪ󣬶ǬڵҲҪ



574 Ԥܾ

ҲҪн빫ӴӦԺﳤ˺¶ˮˣƹˣܰƹλӸ˵
ĪҪǬǲˣֳɵĹʲҪȻһԺʵֵҪûԺǬأǻ¶ˮصأʲôû
Ȼ⣬˹ҪǬҪСǬ΢΢һЦԺϰҲû⡣
ãҴӦ㡣ҸӵһнҲȻûб䣡Ǭͷ˵
ˣ۾ϲϲãǬ˵ӣҿɲ԰¼ӵнҪˣȿнһֻҪʮľͿˣ
һһʮĵǰнǬǲǲⲻ̫
룬ûΪʲôҪ뵽һϷ˵׬Ǯˣõĳɾ͸УԲŻн顣
ôһý㣬ðɣҴӦ㡣Ҹĵнһн㿴ðɣǬ˵
һ⻰۾żĹâ̫ˣǬĴӦˡҺڴҪߣʮ˶ġǮԺﲻյнҲˡ
ǬҪһнҲûмһֻ֣ǰѶƵ϶ѡ
ոˣȻ뵽ôһƵأðҲԼ̰ˣԾԼ˼мǬ
ǬҪһǮΪӦܼ򵥵͸ûˣҲ̫ûζˣҲʧȥ˽ζѽһգĸ⻹ǽһһ𣬲һ
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һ֪Ǭ˲šпǬ˲ţҲпǬҪˣТֹ˵ǵȻû⣬롣
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Т˵
ʱ·˼ǰТܸԺڣࡣ
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ţ˵ر飬ﷸʧˣóﷸ·ùһţͻҵﷸǬǰľȮǼԺҲѵĹôԺҪʲôˣͲʧˡ



575 

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Тʣ˵£⹷Ӿ飬ǲͨԣùһ·󣬾ȥ׷ء⹷ƽʱŵĶҲˣѵǻᶼȥ׷𣿡
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Тüͷʵû˶ѵ⹷ôѵ
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Тƺе־̫뵱Ȼˣô׵¡ϵ
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576 ˡ

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577 ʺġ

ʺ⻰Чͬһ㡣
¶ˮĹɷݣɲΪԼ׬Ǯ׬ǮŽڸˡǻʺڸǮҲǮȴڸ׬Ǯ׬Ǯá
˵Ưȥ¶ˮǮʲôڸǮһⷴ˵Чڳ˶ˣȥ¶ˮǮͬڸǮһ¶ˮ꣬ͬڸǮ·˻ʵӵǮ⣬˺󹬵ѣ
һڶ˲·Ȼʵǰί˵㱻ԩ˵Ҫ̫ʣ
̫Ǭ˵Ĳ·Ҫﻹأ
Ҫ˭ָ̫Ǭһ䣬ʺòȥ
ʺǿڸǮɫһڸԴһǻ¶ˮķֺ죬һշŻ¶ˮȥ߾·׬Ǯֶࡣֻóոտʼûн׬Ǯʱ䣬󲿷ǮڿгˡջǮҲѱջˡǮҲҪǰҪɵĶ࣬Ǻ׻¶ˮҪԵġ
ǲǮ£ΪֱֵǬ˵˵ǰ˼ˣֺһ
ʺĻ֪ˡ
ָǲҺͻʺĿӣ
ǺǣֵģʺЦóһƿ¶ˮ˵Ҫƿ¶ˮģ
̫ллˣ֣æֽӹ
뵽ڻ¶ˮɲǿʼʱֻжУ涼ˣڻͻ¶ˮҲЩСˡ
ƿ¶ˮɺͨ¶ˮһϵζǲǺͻ¶ˮһ¶ˮζ̫ˣƿģζȴɢ㣬˵ڲͬϣвͬζأҲԣʺ˵
¶ˮŮ˵˵İƽʱҲ˺ܶˡǻ¶ˮͬʲôʱ˲һˣ
Ů˶¶ˮȴΪŮ˶¶ˮҲкһʡ
һ֪⻨¶ˮĻ¶ˮоµˮһƿ·ģûóȥأóȥˣֻһòУʺ˵֣˵ãͿԣ
ʺǰĻһȻ˵ˮβͬκã׬ǮǾ˵¶ˮҪԣԺҪ׬Ǯأ
һ¿ɾ̫Ӧˡ
Ҳ˻¶ˮĳɳ⻨¶ˮ¹ûҪԺҪ²Ʒ֣Ҫ׬Ǯأ˿ﲻøӻ¶ˮˡ
Ȼ˼أڻʺȰ˵£һˮ
ǵģôô·أӶ쿴ˣʺ˽ЦȻӣѩ׵ֱϣˮԡ
ذˮĨֱϡ
һɢζȴɫһ䡣
ʺ䲻ͬζҲͬ
ʺĸµӺʣˮš
дŵģƿˮƺζˣͿϺ󷢳һָҵζСŮ˵ʣһ˴ŵһ˵ζ
ʺŵҲһ㶡
û뵽ˮڲͬϣвͬζղŻʺ˵ģЩ̫ţڹȻ˵
ˮҲ̫˰ɣ
̫ˣ
üëɵĿʺ
ǻʺһƿٵĻ¶ˮƭİɣ
ʺʲôˣһ񣬾֪ˣӣˮԼֱϣɢζϵĵζһġ˵һƿˮ
˶׹ζҲ˵ģ
ƿˮʺãһγǬ⺢µˮԣʺ˵
æллл㡣
ʺʱ֣˵֣ܿˣһΣҪǲõǳǬӦò㣡
˵仰˵ںǬԿʱõ
Ǭûȥͻʺ˵£ǻʺ󿴵ϱ˵ĺۼ֪⵶˵ʱµġ
ʺҲһСˣҴһ˵ǺӵΪԵĶԷĶӣһСģ˵ˣ᲻ֱܱϵƽѾǷǳ˲ˡ
ֵϿȥ
ȻΪ̫ϸƤˣõʱ֣µġ
ɵľֵСһйҲУԿֵ֣ŭˣ



578 ʮ塿

ߣ֣㲻Ҵ¶ˮ⣬Ҷ̫Ӷ»ʲôģһӣ˵ˣȥȴʮ壡
һæʣʱõˣҲ֪̫Ӱ㲻ܴҡ
£ֶҲ֮һΰɣ֣
˵ȥ¶ˮ⣬̫Ӷ𣿡
أӽȥġ͵
һᣬʡĵĶӣһ͸оĿһ˵ˣȥ޿ִͣ¶ˮ⣬ЩֵУͷͬʮ壡
һӦ
ȥȥˡ
ķǴֲɣʺȰ£Ӷǳһΰɣ
ԻʺصһۣʺǶˣֻñ죬ᡣ
ȥ˳ȥ
ֿ޺ţ޶ԣֻú֪ӵģ֪ûϣˣֻŶӵĽ˵㣬֣ˣ
ȥһ⴫ְĲҽйӴƨϵЩĶǰˡ
һְر˽ȥ
վֵٸһΣϸطȥ
ȻģȴæӦǣֶҲˣ
һվһ˦˳ȥ
ǿȥ̫ҽȥЩˮʺվԸŮ̫ࡣ
Ҳ۾׶ĺ⣬ҲûٴȥıҪˣ˵һ뿪
Ҫغ뵽ֶǬﲻһǬתȥ˶
ǬʱڼԺԺˡ
嵷ͷĻͻʺ˵
ǻʺעȴ䵽嵵ָˣùԭǺ¥εָ壬嵺󣬲֪׼ųˡ
ʺһǬܳˣҲһԺ
˼ǺãǬܶã㵱ǰҪģЩĶӣ㿴ȸл·ˣҲһ˵Ƕðʺ˵
һͷ΢΢£εӡ
Ǭһп˼ҵĺӡʽӹŵɱͬľ޴
ʺָ壬嵵磬Աʾ׽Ȼʼ̸
Ǭʱ򣬿ϱĵúǢֻ嵵ôôأ
ĸôˣǬЦ˵
ʺæ̧ͷǬϴһȦûκ飬ŷģ˵С죬˳㣡ȥʲôˣ
Ŷȥˣܶ鶼ģǬ˵
СϺʱһˮǬϴϴ֣һСϺ׸ǬһϵǬһ߸һ߰򵥵˵˻ʺ
ʺ˵˵ͷ˵Ȼڳĵѧˣ࣬óʵҲǼáˣղű˵ȥ¶ˮˣ˵˵ô£
ǬЩ⣬û뵽ôʹ˻ʺĶˡ
˵˻ʺû뵽Ǭ˴ˣɽǬԿҴ˻Ӣ۳ݸ
ʺǬĺᵶûãһשͷˣҲõһ£οЦ
ûõͺãõڶȥƨɲҩˣ
ʺõֶŪˣΪǬשͷֵġ
Ǭ֣֣ʺ󿴡
ƤܺҪ˵֣ũֱҪϸö࣬ǱȻʵ۵ǣȷʵǴֵúܡʺ󻹵ֻᱻשŪƤŪѪǻʺһȻţһֻ֣Ҳֻûв
һЦ
û¾ͺãҲû͹˵ˡ
̧ͷǬ˿ɹ̫ɹˣƤһô𪣬ڵһɫ󣬿ͺζɸ⣡
ôõĶӣô᲻أţһ嵲Ŭ
ʺЩصģǬûٶʲôˣһ뿪˶
ǬҲǺ֧֧Ĳ˵
ʵҲ֪ʺԭֻһֱ˵Щ˵Ļ



579 г

ǵϣǬȴܵޱȵ顣
˹֧ˣǷҪżнǬƴȫեǬ
ǬϺǲŹǬ
ŬôãΪôջʱɲܸܵˣһҪסˡ
ƽǬܺ嵽ôô飬ҪʱȴѾ۵˯˹ȥˡ
ôҲ뵽ʱ򣬻ʺѾ˲ٵľˣʱʵԭ
ڶ죬Ǭ³Ҫȥ꣬ȴ³ʦгѾˡ
ǬȻһӼˣгѾкüˣڴģȻԺȥһгˡ
ƳгʱǬͳ˳顣
⳵ӣȷʵͼֽһģһ
ͼֽ˵뵽ǬĻͼĲ֮ΪгҲǺͼֽһС
ʵǵģƳгִгˣһģһ
гľͷ϶ɵģģмľͷɵģܺҲľͷģͷתɵģʵֳͷת
ǬгӹͷתһתҲǳãʮȵת
ʱǬȥڵǰˡ
ƳгûвȰͳ
⻹гֻǳӵӣܲȥֻܹ˵ֻ·óǰ
Ȼ˵ĽŲ·ߣȴǱ˫·Ҫɵöࡣ
ںгոշʱгӵġ磬ȫľͷģתĳͷûС
嵺ͻûȥϰĺ㣬Сµ˺ؿǬгǬųӣԺתһȦɺ˷ܣܸȤ
磬磬ԣԣֵ
ǬЦŰѳͣȥ
ȴźС˵Ǭȥʱ˵һλ㿴ƨСľͳˣ㲻
εؼ˼дȣεصͷ磬Ҳˡ
СȴһЦ˵£һ𣿡
ǬЦȻԣ
ȻС£Сµݹֺ󣬾Ĳ£ȥ
£֣ˤˣС½е
Ǭˣûз֣Ȼ˫ǰȣһǬˣҲԼǰȥˡ
תһȦǬ嵣˵СתһȦ
嵵ҡҡͷ
ȻҲģôǰһ̫ɲܷ¶
ǬӳС£˵ԺҪϰ࣬гȥˣʡˣ
Сµͷǿ㣬͵͵һЦʾʡ
ǬҲûŮ˼飬гãλ˵÷ǳãһǮǰгڹ˭þͿãҲűã
л¶ͣҵһɵµķԸ˵
ˣǬҲҪȥˣгȥˡ
гǬ棬׵ľ룬˼ؿǬг
г˵Ǻܲġ
Ȳ˵ûвȰ壬˫Ҫڵһֱ··ûʲôˣȻһ
ҪĲ㣬гķǳزʯϣǳӻһʯ죬СʯͷǸùͷȫһ¡
һԭг֪˺гķǿֻǳӵ֧еɷƤӣҲһ𵽺ܴķܵĶ
ֻϧƳҪƤӣʱûа취ˣ
ǬһгĿʱһ룬ڲʵֳȥҲҪһд󣬿ͨĴ⣬гװϳӡʡõʱƤȴҪһˮܸˮʱͻȻһ֣гװӡ
һţܿͳ˳ǡ⵽·Ȼ·ǱϾǳ·Ҳ޵üãгûѹ꣬ˮ·ˬˣ
Ǭʽķ꣬˵עͺġ
ӣ־ӵĳԱǣ֪Ǭ̫ӣ֪Ǭ·˲ٶڿµĶʢ֮£Ǻ·Ǻε档
ֻ֪Ǭǻׯʦ·ǳǶΧʲôʶˣ
ʦɶⰡ˨ˣˣʦֻ˵



580 С

֪Ǭ̫ӵˣȻҪгԡ
ٴҲҡ
ˣ֪ǬʦܼҶҪ֪ǬݸߣǶҷ
˨ӣȴǶˣ˵ؽе
Ǭûмӣӵ˨ӵʱ˵ɣ
˨Ӹ˵ȥгųˮ·һȦ֪Ǭ̫ӵ˵Ҫгһ棬Ǭͬˡ
ô˿ͷҲǬ󣬶õǬͬ⡣ӶһȦ־֧˵棬ιһ¡
ΪǬгʹеḶ́ͣ˰졣
һﺺǣҲкͯһ棬ǬǣԼˡͻȻһĳ˶γһܴȦﳵݡ
ףɶʱһеĹˣ
˹ȥֹһУԱ߻һСģͦεĺӣôȥأ
Ա߿˿УﳵͦÿĽųĺãֺֻܱ
Աһ
ӡ
ǬˣЩҵؿ򳡵мĺУ󣬿
ģӵˣ
ֻôһеݣ
ܰźأҶһǸне
ʦ㲻˵ɥ־𣿡Сʱ
ǬһСеĻһҪСеĳ嶯ʦ̨ǲ£ȻԼʦǻ
йһЦ˵ͽǶ˵ģǶΪʦ˵ģ
Ļܶ˶ǺǵЦˣǬҲ⡣
ǸϷˣ˵СУȴûиоʦ⻰֮һ룬Ȼͷ˵ǣʦͽˣ
ǬЦ
иЦģͽСУ̫ˣһ㶼ͨȻ˵ʲôš
ǬЦУղӽûͣ³Ǭͣˡ
ѳͣȻͽܹȥţԼ˹
Сагˤˣæҳȥг
߹ԴĿ⿴˿Ǭ˵λʩл۸Ըһţǧǧ
Աߵһ˹ȥˡ
ݣȻȥȰ̫ӳҵУⲻҪĽ
æܹһʱ֪Ҫôˣ
ǬЦſУʵǣ쳾ʺϳޡҿʦһ˲ţҪ˲ţ֪ʦҪҪ׸һ죡
һղȰǬңӾĴˣû뵽ǬǬûдӦңȻҪȰлףⶼʲô߼ˣ
ǣǬ仰󣬾͵ɴһ۾ʵģ̫ˣԺ͸ˣ
ǰ˵°͸öˡ
УʦҲҪһְҵваղŻҪɱ˳ңϴӦʧܵʩ޸죬⻹ûнڲ˰
˾ǬҲʿˮƽһ飬Ϊѵ˵ʲôʦʵڲڷŵǽǣԲ˼ˣ
ǰղŻô󷽵˵ҪĻףôھͲˣӲˡ
ҪץǬǰһ
Ŀ⣬еġ
Ǭ̵ʱ򣬲żĿ⡣
ڰڳ⾯ĿʱǬоߵŵȻٵ˹
ǬиӺ棬ϸ˿Ȼֱۼһˣɼɱˣ
ΪӵݣǬû̫š
ʱѾ÷гС˹˵ʦôԻأβѧ
ȴиתȥС˵⴩ΪʦȻףз𣬵ﶼзԻҲǳң
ԭСнбıеĻ󣬾üͷ˼ĻĵûеĻҲΪж⻰еķ룬뵽ڰ⻰ˣŶ˵һʦͽѾˡ
Ǭʱȴüͷ룬ôôأ
ͻȻһһӰԺ͸



581 ܺͱ

ѵǱ
ǸøҲڵСϻʷԭĹ˳ȥĺУǸ÷ŰñӣӶĵ仹ҪΪʷñĺУ
ǬһСУһǳԵ٣ǸʦûжٺóԵģЩݣòȷʵúܿⳤֻ֮ҪഺݣôһǸˡ
ˣǿԵСǱʣ
һˣƻСϻҸԲļͥСϻıôСԺ˴󼦼ǻ˱˵ļͥ
һ뵽ˣǬͻȻһͷɱˣһ˰ˣ
ǬͷʱͻȻһæתǬ˵λӣҲˣҲˣ
Ǭһţ˹ʲôأȻŶһ֡
еĲҵģֻԺˣҲн̵ġ
ҪɱҲɱУǬ롣
һٴǿģҲˣҡһָӣ˵ʵ̽׵ģ
æ߹˵ʦȷʵҵİ֣Сʱûȥ
ԭǬͷǲȥΪǡ
ţû£ļ£ʲôʱԣǬ˵
ʱʵ֪ʦ㷨ţ
ܡ죬ϴ󡣡нԼ
ŶӵĴ硣Ϊʲôû׳˲СȴߴģǬӦǴĳԷ࣬ûӳӵĻԾͰѴߣСĳԵ¡
ֵܣߣǬˣӦеóԣˡ࣬ӦǷʱԵ٣߰βˣֻǺ˻ׯĹܼҺеóˣǺβУˣˡ
ȵȣ
ǬŸӸ߸ӵͣڲ뵽֣ܶ찡
ܡܡܣ
һ飬ͨʷɺϣй֣ждμˣ
Ϊʲôĵô룿ʵ
Ǭ۾仯ѾǬ˼ת˺üȦΧˣֻ˵һֶѣԲֵ˳
Ǭʵʦⷨǡ
ŶҵҵϺķš˵
Ǭʣûգɳɮ
ܶǬˣҡͷ˵ûСΪζ˺棡
Ǭ֣ŶûУֻһʱ档ҶͽܣЩʦ˵һ˵
˵ܵͷ
ţʵֻҵһ˼⣬⵱һһӣϣСԺܳΪһʦӦһһ𾭣Ķ⣬ɵ飬˴
Ǭ˵
˵棬ֱӶСһһٵ˵񣬾˵ұѷţҰСˣ
仰΢΢һ㶣ڿǬΪʲô˵Ļ
СǬĻ󣬾Ȼһ˿ϲ֮ɫ۾һգҲգضǬ̬ȼ棬Ķ䣬ƺ©Ǭһһ㡣
ȵǬ˵˼һȻŶǬ˵лʦ̣ܽ
˸Ǭһ
һ򳤱е
ǬһСΪǬ˵˺ΪܽˣΪǬл
һСǬӡȴǷǳˣܿСԺᵱߣƻ˵ļͥ
ǬǲΪˡĳ˵ãϣԶرȥ
ǣһ֣СǬʮһ
ʱܿǬ֮ǰɱѾûˣǺһЦ˵ӣǺҼҰµģͲˣ
Ҫ뿪Ǭܼȥᴳ˵úáʦҼҰȥһˣһͻ
ǬȻǣ˻֣Ҫ뿪
ʱǰʲôʱؼҿ
⻰һ˶һӵֶӣҶ֪ܱɶӣôеˣֻλ
ʲôû𣿡ܹȻˣ˵
ǬҪ뿪ĽŲˤˣʦȻиôĶӣ
һ㶼û⣬˵ǳҺżģֲǲ֪
˺ˣпٻؼһˣܻ˻֣˵
⻰Ѿ˸ˣ



582 ʡ

⻹ǸУ
ղűǬһջ󣬾Ҫס
ڸôһӣⲻжʮǰ˷
ܱشһ仰⣬ϰ˶ΧĻ׵òСֵֹĿ⿴ͬڿһһ㡣
ܵƤٺҲЩֵô˵Ŀ⣬΢壬εؽһ䣺ﵱ޺ƣŲüԵ
Ǻ˼Ȼ˵ԼԵ
СվԱߣƺѾ֪ʦһӣϵıƽһ㶼֡
ǬԿ϶뵽Ժ󣬻ȥСȥ˵ļֻͥºʦŰٷ֮ٵĹϵ
ǬҪ뿪ģʱ̲סعͷ߹ȥ
ʱܻΧ˽ͣзߵﶼзڷȻģ
־ʵڿȥˣҡҡͷˡ
Ǭ˵ʦĸӼͥϵҲ㡣ҾӦöԱеһЩһѧϰĽ׶ΣҪǰѧϰ˹ȥǲǻõӰ𣬽ˣʲôǿɾͲˣ
˵Ȼ֪⴩Сûɣ
û뵽ǬͽܣȻĻﻰⶼָܵĶ¼ܲԼ黹±˵𣬷ǸмǬԱĹģ˵лӵĹģ
һ£˵˵ʵĵͽܣȻģȴʦܳյͽܣʦܹñ
ʣʣ
Ǭһʵ֣ⲻɮ
ܾȻ˵ʦܣǬЩǲɺϣʵʦʦȥˣ
Ŷȥˣ˵Ҫȡõϳ˷𾭣һȥѾʮˣ˵
ȡǸμɮˣ
ждμǵĶʦܣĺͳʵߵ˳ֹԾ˳д˽˰ɣ
ܣе˽䣡
ǬʷƺȷʵǺͳйأǳȡյͽܣСʷôһ־Ϊǳʵͽܣ
ʷ˵һ˱ǻۺͶԷ𷨵⣬ԲŻΪͽ
ܵĻǴʦͽڳҲûлسӰûУ뿪ʮ꣬ҲɢˣҲ˵ٻ
ʷϺôڷձΪͽģֻǳʲܵĴʦͽֲõһ𳤴ʦ֣ǾŪ˷ϣԼһ顣
ԸҲͲƽͽܣͽˡ
ܳôͽģôãֻ¸ÿȥĻϰҲˣ˳ҪҲĲˣ
ǬֶˡѾĿһ
ظܵǬæ˵ӣˣ
˵꣬ӣ͵һȥˡ
ǬűıӰԺһСϻϱˡ
ˣҪͳȥ
ˣȥȥʦȥԺ٤ȥٻˡ
гܵˣҲûˣڼͷĴ£ȫȥˡ
Ǭ˰гźȥתͷʵղſŵģܺ𣿡
˵ͷ˵ǵģ£ֻ֣֮¡
ģ̫ӣ벻˵ôߣǺԺҲûʲôöǣǬ˵
˵ͷ
ʱ˽ĺȻѾŹ׼ˣǶоܵѶԸԺȥ˾ѻ֣һϾѵܣ
ȻЩСˣҲΪδɱ˾裬ʱ̱ǬİȫǬ֣˻֣м֮顣
ڻׯΧһȦûʲô£гȥׯ
ׯ˿ǬгҲͬе棬˵ûǬгһ档
ǬǬֵؿ˿ǰгſڣȻҪȥǹȴͣǬָָг
Ǭһ˼ˣųӣԺˡ
˺Ժʵ⳵ôѽ



583 ƹ㡿

ȻͶгˣֻ棬̫࣬Ҫﳵӣǲ˼ǰǬ˽
ǬҪȻӦ
ȥͿˣҷ㣬߾ͿˣǬ˵
һȥȻǬİ£ˡ
ܿгȤͰѹסˣںԺתһȦһȦ
ʦׯǱ㣡˽Ǭʵ
Ǭ͹Ūгһ¡
Ҳ΢΢˼
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590 ţ⡿

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591 лա

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СȥҽԺϰʱֵ£һҪ쵽Ŷ



592 Ӱ䡿

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593 ꡿

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594 ޻

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595 ꡿

һ¶ˮ꣬¶ˮſȻǿܴ󣬶ʮŶӵ¶ˮ
վſڵĵСһϳǬˣæӭǬ˽ȥ
Ǭ˵꣬մﾹȻӭ
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ӣ
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Ǭ֪Щ뷨ǿѯʡ
˵Ҫæģ
ӣκ飬ܷԸȥͿˣæ˵
Ǭһͷ̬Ⱥ⡣
֣ǬߵһߵĹͼ䣬ǬȻſ˵
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ΪҪϰСʱȴû뵽ŵʮӣվ͹ˡ
ϣܲһΪǸСġ
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Ҳ֪СǬǬĻؼȥˡ
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ʱҲ׹ڻ¶ˮ˰࣬Źġ
ˣҪ𣿡ʵ
ˣ΢΢˼˵ǵģǴ󣬹



596 ס

Ͼµı飬ī۾Ź𣬹˵ĹУûжͬһܡ
Ƥ𪣬·ܣɢŻ¶ˮ¿ĵˮһɹȻɡ
·ʱѾ˺һʮĺӡ
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ǩúն˵ҵͿԸˣʲô飬Ե¶ˮҡӣˣȸˣ
˵꣬鲽˳ȥյʧ˵
һҵˣ̫ˣЦ
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ҪһֱɨҲͬ鷳
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Ǭù˿ĿĿǮȥʲôģƿ⸺ͬģʱúܡ
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ţãòǬ˵ǿʼʵȥ˰
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£䶼أСͻȻС˵
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Ҳ˵Բž֣СС˵۾¥ݣ˳֡



597 ɡ

ʹǬʵ
Сµͷ
һ˵Сǻ˺ȥʲôˣȻСˣ̬ȥҿСµ˼㻹ûи͸ӿˣ
֣ﾭõֵҩۣҽԺôãڸҩѾϤˣȴҩʲôأС¼ĵ˵
⻰ǬͬУΪҲüҩ۵ԺԼĥͣǬҪùһϽǬŻ˵Ƕҩ
ǬʱŲġҲûҩˡ
ڿǳĪҩ
ǬϾǰһЩҩιԣҩ˲顣
ҩǬ˵ǻʺġ
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ҲȥǬɸӺˡ
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ʹҩ˴ȱڣС˶ˣȥҩͲֹһĶˣֻ²١ôҩģˣʹ˭Ҫôҩ

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ŶˣǺҪ͵ҪǬŪһܷ٣Ժ͵ˡ
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˵ʱǬĺ󱳣ȻȥĶ칫ϵһҩۡ



598 ʡ

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ǬһС˶أһ٣
һ壬˵Ǭ
Ǭҩ۰ֽȻһҩĥɵģҩ۽ӴƤûд̼ԡ
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ǬջгԵģƤóԣȥѩһҲСкģԷϴȥԵĵطУ
㿪ˣģ
Ǭͷ
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û뵽ܺͬˡǬһӲµ˻ʺһʲôص顣ʲô飬ȴ²
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˵ʲôò֪ǷҩľˣҪһЩҩǲкġ
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ʺŪЩҩúҩˡ
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ΪʲôҪǬʵⲻұ𣿡
һָԼıӣ˵Ϊҵı飬ųҩĲͬ
Ǭ⵹ˣıȷʵ飬һŹǬ޽ƣϷ˾޽ִҩɷ֣ӣҩɷַҪأȥԣ˲ﾡá
츳һ޽飬ǬŲ֣ᷢʺôֵģ
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һڣ˵ҾͲ֪ˣĸ˼˵ԣĸ֪
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599 鷳

׷˲񲿾İ칫ңֻѾС½巣ˡ
ѽѽѽҪʲôС¼е
ѾСµˣ˵ң
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600 ҪǮ

ǬӹһʶĲ裬һں󣬲Żش
һҪҸװһгг֪ɣҷĶֿ·ģҪװȮϡ
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л£ͻٴθм˵
ͻ뿪Ǭ֪ҹȴûƢĹֻʱǲȥϢģϸȥľȮֵĲ߻
˻ʹǬҷӵ顣
ڳķȴ̫˽⣬ֻˡ
ˡ
ڶˣܻܲȥɡ
˿ߵİ˸Ͳˡ
һ˵˼
һæ£кηԸ
ţҪһסլӣһοǬ˵
һ˵Ҫլӣլִֺϵµݣ
ţ鲻һ䵥סģǲһסЩͨġšҼǵ㲻ǳİɣûǰסǬʵ



601 ҷӡ

һ˵Ҷˡ
ǬֻҪһªķӡ
ȻЩǬһ̫ӲסլӣôСˣ뵽ǬׯܣҲһ̫ģҲͶǬΪˡӿʼ˼ķǬҪġ
£Ե￴ҵסģ˵
ʱţǶûȥˣ۶ˣһмУˣ
һ㶣ٺٲ˼һЦ˵Ҷûȥˣ
ĻƺҲǡ
˵ҲǣԽԽ٣ӸؽԽԽ࣬ȻͽǲŹ֣
Ǭ˵ǶķӱȽϽע˵˵зӣ
ٺһЦ°ͣ˵ϱҪ·ӣԡ
ŶǼҪ·ӣһֱŷۿзӣȻҲ֪ˡ
Ǭ°ͶһŬﺦˣ˵ɣ
ҵķӵǲ˵кüڳ۵ģ˵
ղűӵţʱҲҪҵסģ㲻ǰ㿴ķ˵ɣ
԰°ͣ˵
˵ΪѵؿǬ
ѾɼˣҪҵķӵȻҼͥ͵ģǬҪĵӡ
Ȼû⣬ȥҵǬ˵
Ǭȥ˴ҵڴҵ۵ķһһ俴ǶûǬġ
㲻ǡһŮ
Ǭһתͷ˳һɫ黨ȹӣһСкԾؿǬ
ŮˣǬһθһɷɷƺһƳĹԱƺϳ˧ݣ᲻ϳǬ̫ݣ
㣡Ǭ۾ı飬һߴк
ӣлϴξһΣ֪ûΪ㣿˳ﵣǵʵ
ǬĵܵܣȻΪǬ˳˵ǲ֪Ǭˡ
Ǹ֮ͨˣû顣һ¶ˮƹ񣬱ӦģǬӦ
˳˵ͷתתʵ֪ʲô˳Ч͵ģ
˵Ǭ˳ӦñԼĻ˽ЩӵϢ˵ڳһ䷿ӣһסСһ㣬ªһ㡣
˳ʵǸԶҵģ
ǣԼġǬ˵
˳ˣӲǻ¶ˮĻϰô˵ķأ
Ǭҷӣ˳֪ǬԭҲûʡ
ղһü߶һ£ԲŴŶӺ֮һġ
ڴ˼ҺͿǬѾˣƺܲ⡣
Ĵϰ壬ܰϲ˵Լϴ㲻Ҳǰãûһ顣
ʱѾʼķǬҪģܿ˼ӣ⼸ӶʺǬ˵ģҪ˵Ǭѡ񣬵˳˸˼
ΪһǸ˳ĸģҪǬסôҲǺھӣһڻ¶ˮĹа
ӣҵ֪һӸ˵һһϾϿϾ󿼲ҲûлȥڳһӣȥˣҪؼȥˣѷȥ˳˵
һϾϿ
ǷӦһסˣլεӦǷǬ뷨ġ
ãǴȥǬȥһ¡
˵
˳˳ȥһڵ
źӣͷǬһۣȻ
Ǭȥ
˴ҵתתܿǬо·Ϥ
һСӣ˳˽ȥ
һһСԺǰͣţһһš
ţ㲻ҪԺȥңˣ˳Ц˵
㣬ԭ㻹ǵðҶҪ뿪ˣǲԺӾͻˣ´лԵسסʵڶл㡣תͷǬ֪˳ңȭ˹Ŀ˵λ񣡡
ǬͣתתͿ˲Զռҵļˡ
ǴһӽģǬǰȥռߵӲһǽһģ￴ȥռҵĽǶȲͬѣǬһûϳڿˡ



602 ö

ԭ˳ܵķӣֻһԺӡ
ǬûжģӦΪھҪѷ֪Ǭʱ򣬲Ŵ
Ǭͬȭ˵˵ԺҪȿ
룡ÿţǬ
󣬿˳˵˵룬С֮潡˰ɣұ
˳Ц۲ۣ֮ϲ㣬ø㱧
ǬԿŵ˺˳鲻
棬ǬԺһһ¶ԺӣСʺһס
Ǹ浹ʰͦɾģԺ˲ٵĻݣǬһ
ڷд飬м񣬼϶ǿտյģѾ׼Ҫ뿪ˡ
ǬҪóһʱ뿪ڿӣҲͷˡ
˵ͷ˵ԺҺ⡣֪Ҫʲôʱ뿪ʲôʱܰס
ұѾ׼ˣҪ뿪ȥղˣȻʱѾˣҵ˵
Ǭ˵ԺҺ⣬ĶҲȫһЩҪĶԷңһǮҲȥһΣ
ŶãЩҾߣþ߾ˣϴӦ
ǬһָԺĻݣ˵ЩݿԣҲŲǣ
ģݣҪԶ;棬˴ǣȻӦ
Ǭʵǲ֪ԺҪǮ£ȻļҾڵĶҲڣ
ˬţʱ΢΢ε˵ʮᡣΪ̲̫٣ʮͿ԰ԺȥֻܺӵǸһˣ
˳ʱ˵ӣڳ￿ֻӹƶؼҵ̲ǰһΪżأ
лģûһǮΪ̲һ̾ҾͲףҶ˼ˣ׼ѽһ㣬һỹã
òãţ˵Ǹģֲǲ֪Ƣ˳˵
ţԺʮᶨˣǬ˵
һȭ˵ã
ǬǩԼӹеķ
Ҫȥٸſ̽һСԴ
ף磡СԴϲ
Ǭ֪
תͷȥССӰѾ˽ˡ
һӱסǬĴȣ˵磬ôˣ
ǬǺһЦ
죬˳ʵ㣬ˣôһأ
˳Ц˵һϢҪסˣԺͿԳˣ
һæǬ۾ʺš
Ǭĺģͷ˵š
ѽģ̫ˣһӱǬĲӡ
ſǬȵӣ֪ǬҵĹϵǺһЦ
Ǭ˳סˣܺȥˣȥˡ
磬Ժס𣿡ڴʵ
ǬֻһӦ𣬵ƽʱɲ뿪Ҫ̫뿪Ƕ֪Ҫˣ
ŶҪһƽʱżٵʱסǬǸ˵
һʧˣǲʵסأ
Ǭ˵
˳һŴ͡
ǬŽ̫ͣĻµģԲסڹġ
˳⻰˹ȻΪסڹǻӻǻʵأ
ȴȻؾȡǬŽڣ˵ڹų顣ⲻĺģҲ˳ˣΪʲôǬҴˣΪʲôû飬ԭΪ̫µġ
¶ˮ̫ӵµģ˳
ͷɵɴ۾
Ǭ˵ڹ飬úɲҪͱ˵𡣶סҲҪһû֪ĵطԺǾ˵Ѿסˣǰҵžˣ
Ϊʲôﲻ⡣
˳˵ǣӣһհ죡ӵĻ
죬Ӧ
ǬֶһŸ
źˣˣԺӴҲǬˣűʾ뿪סһ
ǬȻӦŴóһ飬ŻϣǬ



603 ҵˡ

ŵΪ˻ǰ鵱ģóһ鵱ɶסһķá
ǬҲûֹ
ԺӻǹסǬ󣬱Ժӡ
һȻ˳ؼȥ
Ǭȥ꿴һ
Ѿʰˡ
Ǭæ߹
Ǭ˵ʯңǽˢˣ
æͷӦǡ
ӼǬȥ꣬ڴڻȵĽУҲ軧ҲʼգæСǬ˺Ҳûׯ˹ȥׯһ
磬ǬȥԺսԺӣͿӭ·˼ס
ǬЦ
˵££
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·˼˵£룬ѧ㣡
Ǭһߣһ˵˵ɣ
·˼ϵıܼ˵»ǵ˵ǹ𣿡
Ǭͷǹǰ˵һΣТͽ̹ȴ˵ǲ̫ġǬȥоˡ
·˼׵Ļѵǰǹо
ǵãѵ𣿡
ţҵһǹˣ·˼˵
ʱѾТİ칫ң治Тˣƺǽ̹١
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߽ȥһϣһСϻŲױϴű·ʱССɵƨɺͷһ
С۾ڶҲڶǬҪΪ˭ŰСˡ
Сǰ棬һԲֻ׽СôС
ǴʱСͷƨɣԲ
Ǭȵ۾ɵɴСҲ̫ˣ
ʱС˶ԲТͽ̹Ƕֽк
Ƕ̫ͶˣǬûз֡
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ͻȻ뵽·˼˵ǹѵΪСôǹ
ЩǺǹԻЩ
ʱ˱еСûнкãһûнкá
һݵͷ
ƳǬͷгӣͷȴûгӡ
̫࣬Ϊж̺ӣǲࡣ
źɫ·ݵϣͬǰ·˼һǸкԣյġ
·ȻܻǺɫȴԵúࡣ
ʱһ𡣡
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ʱǰţѶġ
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Ǭһ£ǰӽĿӼеǹˣ
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Ҳæкá
϶Ųŵı飬û뵽徹Ȼĳ̶ȡ
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ТŷǬæ
̹ҲӦټࡣ
ǬһָǸͷ˵λǹ֣
⻰˵˶һ㶣ϱݵСǸӦñΪǹĸǬһ϶Ǹ߲ǡ
ТЦ¹ȻĿ棬λǲزʦǼҴӼһֱڳбݣǵ˿˹Ȼһı£ͺ͵˵ǹһģһԾͰˡ
Ǭͷ
Ǹϻ壬۾󷢶С˵С
ͷТ˵ĻѾ˵֣һӲµǬݣæ߹񣺡ĳ£
Ƴ˲ݸߵ¹ǬҲͷʽ
شͷ˵һǹҿһ
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604 ǹ

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С·ť۽⿪ȻȴһߣһֻĴȥ
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С·ǰťۻûпС·ѾԵ÷ǳˣܶⶼǰ
ղŻͷݵģڿǶˡ
ʱֶˣطťϣȻС·мȥС·ϺܲǲûеԣмȻԽԽһ
Կֹһ
ť۸ϣ˶Ȳһ
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Сץӣó߰˸ľӣÿӶһӿڴ
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С·ѾؿڸúܽˣȻٷŽȥһӡ
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ǬԲ˵ֹ
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Ȼ˵ִܰŪ𣿡
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һˮ˵ǡ
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㵱˽̹ٺ󣬾ǵˣԺΪƶŮȥˣŮҲȥ棬ϸõ֪Ը𣿡
ȻǷǳϣȨѡҲѡ뿪
˵Ǭؿ
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ʱ촽䶯£һ˵֪ܸܲҶֻһ
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˵ôˣǬʵ



605 ҵί

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Ρ
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606 ¡

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608 ݡ

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609 ͻƲ

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610 

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ѵĹУҲԸǽһѡЩȷɻһЩܴпЩӵ·ܷǿ
·ǿǿĸӣԺǿŸţҲԺӸ룬ǰĻŴȥ
ǬͷãƻУ
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ûףǬüëа嵿һӣǬÿҪʱеı飬һת׹ˡ
ǬҲ˵ʳ£
嵱ЦصǬһۡ



619 Ÿӡ

һ磬Ǭꡣ
󳵵ĸӣһѵصսʿڸӳԱߡ
־촩һףװƵվսʿǰ档
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Ūøʮһ㡣
ǬҲ˵عͷĴ󽫾ˣİţ˵һһһĸŶӵǰȥ
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ǬƹȻôġ
·ǿԸһѵĸ𵽸ͷĻᣬ
Ȼñȥ˶ǳ̸ˡ
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˶һᣬžԽԽԶǬתͷ˹
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620 

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ܿ̿ܲˣ˵˵ҡ
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ǬüͷɱֻżĶѣҲһΧˣ
ţ·˼ʹ˸ɫ·˼׵ֿʼˡ



621 ݵ㡿

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󣬻ʺ͸Ӧʾһȥ죡
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ڶϣ˳ϵĴǣ



622 𾪳Ұ

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624 Ҷзݡ

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627 š

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Ǭ˵Ҹһʵİ취



636 ˹

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637 ̫

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638 ɾ¡

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639 ʫ

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640 š

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641 Ʒá

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651 ǰˡ

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˵˵Ϊһ̫췴飬ҪӶ˵󣬱Ȼ̫ӣӶ˹㲻ᵱ̫ӣҲ̫ܰеĶһ֣гڣôͻõ࣡
仰ܲ˵ǻʺһվ۾ɵôģҪʣסˣɼʺжǿ
̫Ҫ췴˵
ǬʱѾʼԼƺûһùֵ鰡ҲûҪ˵ʲôҪʧ֮ǰ飬ɾǻ㵵ʺҲʺˣ
ǵģ̫ӾҪ췴ѴץսӸϸȥˣڳǱĺڽɽǿǽǧսȫ֮սץެ̫ӲΪ췴ΪζЩսЦƮ˸¶



654 ˽

˽̫ݵ˵һ˻ɵ顣
˵Ļ嵣СµɫһӱòҰˡ
ǬҲΪ֮һ㶣սֻǵūȥúúôҪ췴ˣͿɻ˵
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Ǭɫӿһӱ߲ôܣⶼҿˮ࣬ôܱأ
¸ڣȻǬ˵֪ʲô飡



655 ӹ

ʱڻŭ֮УԼĵĴ˵Ҳɺһ̡
ǬȴûзҵȻͬˣͿսǣɰҸģ
һӣ˵뵽ھеЩġôȥһĴ󽫾𡣶ҪҵȻҪϵģҾ˶־󽫾
ǬһЦƺɹˣ˵δ󽫾ķžܲҪҵˮཨأͬҵЩ˵˲ˡã˶־󽫾˵ûа취ˣֻóһ⣡
ʲô⣿ܲµһսйأƺǬ췴Ҳйء
Ǭ˵ˮļǮȻǲмģ˾ˮˣԺҪ۵˿ɾͶˣҪˮļ۸񡣶սļֵôüֵֵսڽɽúЩսģֻҴ򹤶ѣҸ㹤֣ٸֿԻһˮࡣһˮ಻ۣõѵˮ࣬Ծͳɽˣ
ǵķģ֮ǰһٶսѾˣսˣδ󽫾ӽȥһһսδ󽫾սܻôͲˣԼˣȻһѣһĴأռҲٵĺôǬߵ˵
˵ô࣬ǬҪ˵Щĳԣεʼ磬˵ʣģս˵úһ㣬ǧҲһٶ಻ٸģͶδ󽫾ģ
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ʺ⣬Ǭ˵ĻҪͨԼΧرǿȷرһѡ
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ҪһУǬͻֱϯȥЩ֮ǰӦĽǰսŵؽٲǶԱǹһۣͿԹԷˡǾץǬİѱˣǬֻܶСܶ
Ҳֵͨİ취ظˡ
ҲΪСԺӵԭǬ鲻˵Ҫ˵Ǳ¶



656 ʦ

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Ǭͷ˵á飬ҵ뵽һúĺð취ԺūˣƸūǳ



657 򹤸㡿

ϣǽūǴ򹤣һԼķˣᱻΪıҳǮҲˣɱˡеūںڽɽڲú۵ˣɱûҪֻǮĻǲ׬Ǯˡ
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ŸҲһֱռƻȥŷɣѾ˶ηŷɣѾѡ˲ٵʵĸӡŵ꣬ܰѸõݷŷˡмΣøפˣ
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658 ߡ

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659 ֡

Тİ칫ҿƼأǬƨµĺľӣŲ豭ĺľӣȴǸ߹ļҾߡ
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֪˯˶ãǬԴ۵˹۾ƤصЩǶȴŮߴߴطǳ
ʼʱΪǹһˣǻʺ嵵ŮƺǸߵȵ֪ʶӣſڱտڶ˵ʲôԶЩ
Ǭɤӷɵطһ
ǱߵŮͣˣȻǬоΧ˹嵵Ĺôˣ
Ǭ۾ˮ
СϺæˮʺ󣬻ʺιǬˮɤӲôˣ۾Ҳȫˡ
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ʺһ㵹аȥȳ˵軰
Ⱦƺ˵軰ģֻ軰˵ˣǬ˧ڣɵУֻǻûѣҲͷ۵ñԼɡ
ֻǵһκȣȻʺãһκ˵㣬Ǻĺֻ֢»أ
ͱ˺ȵģʺɵؿ
ǽ˧СһȥһʡƷѾԷֺˣˣͺȸˣ
Ļʺ˵ͷûжסǬⷽ飬ʵղû˯ȥǰ˵ʲôӢϵ۹ҵ۹ʲôģģ

ǬһŬػԼղ˵Щ𣬹һƺЩӡƺ˵Щֲ̫ȷûС
ʺ˵ˣԻʺƳʶ֪ҰȻ۹ӦǸƳͬһʱģ˫ԶأûнйĽӴԻʶŶԣʺ֪ȴ˵˳ǾǬղ˵ˡ
Ŷղ˵𣿡ǬԴʵ
۹˵ˣһôʺô֪أ
ʺͷ˵ղž˵ˡ
ǿҺ˵ķ軰ɣǬٺһЦ
񣡡ʺȴص˵ҪǷ軰˵ôף󣬸Ҫʷ㶼˵ʵڲ˵軰һ˵۹
ǬΪˣʺʲô˰ɣ
Ӻף˵ǰʲôˣһϸİɣҲпĳһ£ǻûнڹ˼Ĺľ飬˵˳
Ǭ֣˵ˣǽղҺ󲻾Ҫ˵𣿡
̫ˣǬٺЦ˵µģҳ۹
ʺȴǬĽͣôŹˣǬԱߣҲ£Ǭ
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ǬڶڻԼղŶ˵ʲôˣѵǸʺһ˲ɣﶼγŷޣĵӡˣ
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678 Ρ

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682 ġ

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683 ޱ졿

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684 ݡ

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685 ߡ

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687 ĸӡ

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688 

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һͷȻ˵ǴʦҪĶǵȻҪرˣ˵ǸɾĶҪڣǾֻм䣬ʾҪ



689 սԲ

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ǵģڳѾоϸĿ֮Ӵ˺֮Ǿɳ1ȥΪڳץľ裬ûڳﶯ֣ϸҪȥ߾ǵҲȥ˷ݣŰץѾ͹ˣϵĶҲˡ
Т˵˳
Ǭ˵߾ϸΪʲôлҩⶫҷģʹùһ֣ԴӻҩֽеĻҩϸĹ˶û취õôϸϵĻҩǵĵһӡ󣬾ǺȨְ֮㣬˹ҵս͵й߾ˣ
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Ҫô죬ţǬǸϸŰɣѧԱǺúÿʣˣǻҪʳ鱨
ТͷǰȷʵҪ¶Ǻҩˣһֱ˵Ҫϸܱյˣ»Ҫ֤󣬲ȷڵһȻϸϣ



690 ҩֱ

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ҲпǺǸҩԭϵģ֪ζԭϣĵطҲǲµġ
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696 顿

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697 ̫ʲôˡ

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̫ӵ£飬˵ʲôأ˹ЦǺǵʵ
ǬϼһҪ£ͺ棬ȴЦǺǵģòòǬ
ĵλɱȺߣæȻ׵ķָҰ뷨˵
Ŷַ¶ˣҿ˵
ԼһֻףݸԼϴһֻ
Ǭ̲סӺˣƷһͿԿˡ
ţںϴ˲ʱ䣬׾ôůͣɼǺܱůĶϿԷֹȷʵǺã
ǰҪ͵ĽʿϣǾͿȥ֮ˣ˵
Ǭ룬Ҫ˶ͬǲǾѵԼʮޱҪջȻ󽻸
Ĵ⣬ΪҴƵʿ룬飬ǵĸ߶ȵ˵
һת˵ֻǺ⻰Щˣ
Ŷһ
ŶǬһ
˵ʿ֮ޣÿҪ˫ô׵ʮ֮ʮ˫ףҪ޻ж٣ĳʱû㣬ǵԷյ޻ҲֻжĶȫ㲻˱ʿҪ
ںʱ˵㹻޻ټְôʮ˫ҲҪ촺ˡ˵˺󣬱ѩʱҲ㣡



700 w

ĻӼӹڳѼ棬˺е
΢ЦǬ˵Ѿ쿪ʼֲ޻Ϳջ޻ˣʱһΪĽʿȥף
˵꣬ؿźá
΢΢ΣΪλõˣ˾ܿͻعһ񣺡ȫǺĳ̫ˣ
ҲΪҴƵĽʿ룬ڱλϣӦ룬ҲпԸ΢Ц˵
ԼϵǬ˵ȷʵǷǳůǳáѾԹףԭ
һϣλߵ׻Ǭôܲأ
Ҳ
Ǭ˴֣ôһ;ˣ׵֣ȥλӹ
·ţǰͻʴսҲǶòУôûֱůأʿҲû⣡뽫ʿǶûе´˵ŰǬ佱
Ǭʱӹ˺ףλô߶ȵı΢΢˼ҲֻǰѡȵԼֱˣŻ뵽׸Ű
Լˡ
ˣֻһʱѣǬ˵
֣˵һΰķ޻󣬾Ϳֱ׵ˣʱ͵ʿϣͿýʿǸõرҴˣԴӦܵӣ
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糯쿪ʼˣȹȥˣһڱ£ת׾ˡ
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ⲻǻթƭ
Ǭͺ㶵ضһۡ

̫ӲںǰΣ̫Ҫװνӡ
鲻̫ܿӵЦҪװ˵Ļģթƭ̫ӵġ
ǣ㶵ؿһۺ󣬱һ壬¶ƺղŵûһȻתֿˣԼλȥ
Ǳ߰Ѵ׵ֲǻǱۼ˸ˣξϺڣٺһЦʲô
ϺׯϵӣǬܿɢŷ˶
ξϺ˵˵˵кܻܵ飬һҪ£
ξϺһ㶣ʵǰⲼĶðϺڿ֣
ķҲͷͬξϺڵĻ
ҡͷ˵ҪⶫţŲǵȱٽڱ£
ܸߣ˵ĶΪˣ˵ͷ
ףҲ̲ס񿴵ҪĶһ㡣
ܱصģǵȻǶԴƷǳãǳĶξϺںͷ䶼ǴƵʵˣĶȻҪͬһúˡ
һˣϣ̲ס˴֣Ȼʼһ糯
ʱţʹǴһһ
ξϺںͷ俪ʼˡ
ôûǰѻܵĶ£ôã
ʵ˲ףҪȻ㱨á
뵽ܵҪİţҪһȥ¶˽½£ҲȻˡ
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ͷһֱ˵Ҫ׶һԼ
ȻǬһʮͷӣůһů֣Ⲣֵ֧ģﻹǺܾ˵ġ
Ȼ赲ӵΪĻܳΪӵɣ
˿Ҫ³ʱվף˵
϶Ҫˣ˵ǸǸ뵽׵ô˵˳󻹸Լ糯һʱʱԴȷʵЩЧ
׿ԳΪҪսԷΪǬ̫ͬѧΪƺͽʿΰĹףӦöǬ̫ͬѧбͽ
˸ģЩĻ˵ԣ
ȥˡ
֣һӾͱǬ˵µ¶ȸůˣЧһ֮¾ͳˣֻ±ů¯Ҫõöడ
ãȻǺöȺãǬһͨȻǬƷ
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Ǭ˵޻ֲҲڱϿˡ
³Ǭ͸ׯӣҪô
Ϳϴ޻ף̫߳Ǭʱֺȥ
Ǭ֣ߵȥ
׾Ǻãش֣ǰӵĶ˿˻Ϊǡأ
ߣȥ¶ϴףһӣͬǰǬĶӣںʦһ㣡
ȥŵ
˸¶ů͵úܣͭ¯ţ㹻Ⱥůá
Ǭţⲻǲ̿ζյôȻûζǬоⶫϤ
ĵߵͭ¯￴һԽԽůִͣ˴꣬ȫůˣȴʲô
ˣŪķú
Ǭæعͷټͭ¯
û뵽ú˻ʹˣ˵˭ôĵô͸Ҹˣ
ʱİؿףԽԽ˵ȷǼãÿϳʱףô־Ͳᱻˣ
ף̾糯Ҫֳڿҿңϸ糯Ҫÿﶼһů¯Ҳ̫ԵǶһ㡣԰˴ǣ
̧ͷǬ˵Ȼе޻٣ڱʿǸһһ˫ףҲӦÿ԰ɣ



701 һס

޻
Ҫ糯Ĵһ˫޻ףôԭЩ޻ܹ
Щ޻Ѿޱˣﻹ޻
糯ô޻׵ıůЧΪѾ˯ޱܵޱůͣӶףҲͬů͵ġ
ʣû޻ˣǬ˵
ţ
Ǭޱ¸
һָϵףʵģ
Ƕޱͳһ޻ġǬ̯̯֡
۾һб˵ôലޱͲÿһ㣬Ȼ
ܡҪ糯Ĵһһ˫ô޻ɲСͶޱͱˣûôõıůˡǬ˵
ޱĺôѾˣһޱůͣǿɾЩԸˣ
˫иҪĴһ˫ǻǿԵģǬ˵
ôԼܺôܶأ
һҪסʲôʱ򣬲һ㣬ڿȴԡӦòõǵ׷磡
ǣǣǬæӦǡȻ˵ˣ˵ʣҾͲˣԺҲԼ糯ˡ
ȥҲûðֻģͷֻξϺһҲ˼ˡ糯Ϻֻ²٣ʱ򶼲ġ
һ뵱ϻӣ֪ˡ
˵þûϻˣģ
ϣƵ˵ֺöȻΪʲôأ
仰Ǭˡ
˵취
Ǭ۾һˡ
ûиޱҲȥˣԼ᲻ðޱףȻҪҸ취Ū̫޳˰ɣ
ǬԸʱ˵ڸղ͸ׯԱߣһСأǰ그ûյضġĺã޾ͰǽҲ㡣
һǣǶ٣
Ǭ롣
֪ͬǬ˼һ㣬ǵطҲͰʮĶȻС㣬㲻ҪĻǾˡ
ʮĶ
ׯҲһٶĶʮĶˣ
ţһһаʮĶ룬ֵˡ
ʵףû޻Ҳ԰
𣬾òģҲֻǱů̶ȲͬѣǶܱůġҪ糯Ĵһһ˫൱ס
ҪůǬ֮ǰ˵޷
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Ѿа취ˣˣõ׸㣡Ǭ˵
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˵ô󷽣ǬҲ֤ģ
ЩʾģԸ׼޵ޱ⡣
ǡǬ¶Цݡ
ޱޣǬȻֻͻʺһûС
̵ᵽޱĺôô⼸ҹ˯Ͳòˡ
һޱĸ׹ɹҲ൱гɾ͸еģ
ǬЩë⺢ôˣ
˺ô˲£ȻҪˡ
Ǭǣ˼ֳˣ⼸Σ
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ĺ󱳴󵨵زȥ飬һҪϸġʲôݣֻǷµ˶ѡ
ǬĻ˼ˣһͷ
˵үҲԽԽҪǵģͷȥɣ
Ǭˣ￩һ¡
ӦһǣȻ˳ȥ
˵ǹĵĹؿϡ
Т鵽һ׵ү
ǵûʲôҪıӣǺͺ˽̫׽ˣһһЩټ֤Ǻͺһġ
֮ǰǶںϵϸôүǿǲ
Ǭף￩һȻТȲҪ˵Ȱǵ
ŵԽԽ࣬үɵĻҲˡ
Ǭ޲һ٣˵ҪҪǣﻹԥ
û뵽Ȼ֪ˡ
뵽Ժ棬Լȥģ֪ҲΪ档οֻһöվӶѡ
Ѿ̬ˣǬܲˣֻհˡ
Ҫ־ֻܹү̫֪ߵغˣúõүúõӲܣȻŷɵ֦ͷˣ



702 ס

̫뵱Ȼˣ
Ǭҡҡͷү˵һ㶼ֵÿ
Լ
òײŴµĴƽɽǾȻƷЩƻ飬в
ʲôвһǬԱ
Ǭһ̧ͷԴ
Т
ңǬššü˵
ТǺһЦָָǰļԺţ˵һϰ࣬ͬ˴кôأ
Ǭˡ
Цذ˰֣˵֣Ҹղˣ
ТǬ߽ȥһʵշף·飬ǲŷʲôıˣ
Ǻǣ׹ͻַ糯ĸλ󳼣ʱһ׼һ˫õģǬЦ˵
ТǺһЦл
˰칫ңǬ˵ү顣
Тһ̾ȷʵǳԱˡҲڣүɱӺһˣ
һˣ˿ʼ
ǴүҲĿöˡ
֮ǰûȷҪҪүûйǵϸץüƻȷˣôЩƻͿϸȥˡ
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Ĳ£ǿɲܵˡ
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Ǭ֣˵λ󳼵ֵĴСһҪѴҵֵĴС÷ǡҲʺϵҵҪǲСҪĻкŵףһûϵֻе佫̫ˣʱִȥˣҪҸ÷Ǽ¼һ£糯ǰãһ£



703 顿

Ǭû˵ЩСģ̫ˡ
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ǺԾ÷ļ¼
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ǬСëֻ±öˡ
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³̫߳Ǭоһһˮ顣
ΧװϸϸĶ䣬̧ͷһѩˡ
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ճţͻȻоĿһ˿ȶϢ
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˵Ǭúֲ硣
ĸо
ûͻȻһ׹Ц
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̫ӵ£ϳҲ׹Ȼ첽߶
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壬˰СֶýǬ˵
飬ڻΧѩˡ
ϻ˰֣˵ҹŮ̫ˣûиһ
Ǭ׿ȥףǺ



704 ϳ̻ˡ

ûǳϻۻô׼
ŸһأһӳסǬˡ
Ȼˣ׾ûѵʱˡ
ȻעҪôһ㽻ȥҲԼԼķʽС
Ȼһġ
壬Сֶףů֣ǰѾȥݼˣû뵽ؾˣ̫ˣ˫ףǸ׼ģǬЦضԳϻ˵ֻҲس˰ɣȥݵֻµˣȥ׼ף͵̸ȥ
Ǭһ˵һ߰͵˳ϻϡ
ϳȻؽӹףȻִ˽ȥ
ֱǬĴһţǬΪԼģϻǵȻСˡ
Ｗ˾ţ֮ڽȥˡ
ţרŸϷ׼ģִȥոպã֣ܳϻܲҪ˵Żѡ
Ǭ룬ҲӦû˰ɣȥ
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˭͹ܵѩ
ϲ˵Ĳȴһûм١
һׯӣȴһ㶼ûвʵһϡ
Ǭȥ꣬˵ġ
ҵׯӣһԻׯߵرĿʱҪһ̵ϣǶԼɾһڡ
Ǭһ°ֻͣ۸ˬ˳ҵ˵һ䣺֪ˡ
Ը󣬾ȥׯˡ
棬ˣǺǣޱůͣЦ˵
Ǭ˶ڣס˼죬˵޻ģů
£˵һ㣬Ҫעһ£йٱ۸һ£̫ˣȥׯܼҰæһ¡ҪԼˡļ꣬ʲôĦһ¡
飬һǴŵǬĿĭûв
˵˵һҪ˵أкöʿڵߣкüׯӱǾﶼŵ˵ģׯתϼȦ뿪Ȼûʲô飬ûҲĻ̡̻
Ǭļ˵ǽׯҪ嶯תʲôģȫغáҪǿˣ
صͷ
ĵʣ˵ңҪСĵ㣡
ţû¡²ܺ˵̫ߣܰȫġǬο
Ϊɨ˼ĳգ˵ǵĸ
ֻǵ˶죬Ǵһ̫ˣ⵹鷳
ǱߵĲҲ˺ܶˣϼˡ
Ǭһ룬¶Ƚ͵漴뵽һ취



705 ̿

Ǳ˳뺮ǻ۽ᾧ
Ƴʱ򣬻û˷ֶ
Ǭ붬ʱҲû뵽ⶫ
ЩԼֻǵøޱȴû뵽ӱůĶ
ȻæŸ飬˼ʲôĶŵˡ
ղŲᵽ˼û뵽
ҸпǬԹ˵
ղ˵Ǭ˵Ҫ׾뵽صˡüڶµ𣿡
Ǭ֮ǰĺܶ飬е𾪡ǬѾһΰ󣬲ʲô飬Ǭǰʵֵġ
ǡǬش
ڴеĻش𣬹
ʲôǿʡ
һִջ𣬰Ѵͷůˡ˿˯ҲڼŪһüůͿüסȻܱȺʱöˡǬ͡
ֻΪ̫ԲŲǾˣ
ǳԵĵһˡ
Ǭߣߣӣ˵أ׼һ¡
ȥ塣
Ǭʹ𣺡ס䣬ûշ䣿
а᷿һֱšؿʲô
ղŲ˵𣬿Ǹ˯ģů͵úܣǬ˵ҵȻǸ̸ȻȥǱ˯
⻰۾ˮˮģһ㣡
ж˺һƽŴǬȥ᷿
Ǭѡһλ˰ĶʱˣǬҪĲϸ壬ȥ׼
룬÷һˣȥׯ³ͷо߹
̿Ҫֵİɣ
һ͹ˣĿʦȥŪͺˡ
ȥˣǬֽͱʣڿշ߶һżſĴС
ǬǰǸϷˣ˵ƺûϵǰȴȢһţԵʶ˿һλʱһһ֪̿Ҫô
һֿԼһߵңҳȶשʯṹĽʩڱΪ̿שпǽǽ̵渲бȽƽʯ壨ߴשʯ渲ࣨһΪպʯһͶɵֻࣩƽɺ̿ϯеĵ滹һëձձһרͲ֮Ϳʹá
ں̿ڣղղ̺ͨǽʱʯʹӻ̴̿ͨų⡣йһ㿻̨Ϳղʹû𿻷ȣͲٵտ
ڽڵλóΪͷɽͷڽ̿ڵλóΪԡһ㡰ͷбߵ˻Ŀԣ˻˶ڡԡԡ
᷿ǹңȻ̨ˡ
Ǭ׼ڿͷŪһˮģһⷿһֱˮˡ
ʱѾ׼˲ϣǬ㱨
ȥׯҲ߹ˡ
ֻŰɴ³ͷŹߵĴơ
Ƿ˵߹
Ǭû˵ŷˣλʦˣôˣ
ɫҲЩΪѣԼȥׯǱߣȥ˵ģ˼һ˲еģԼ
ȴ֪ǻׯĹ̶ӵҪǾӢеľӢ
˷һƵ߹
³ͷȻǿС˵ˣܲµ˵ʲôٺһЦ˵ˣĺˣ³Ȼһֵֻţһֵֻֻܵã
һЩˡ
˼æģԼȴ˵ʹЩ
λʦҲ˼ˣ֪УֵţҰ˸֣ԱָӾͺˣǸ˵
ƺٺһЦ˵ˣãͺˣܹɴʦκҪˣ
Ǭ˰֣˵һչ˺õġڲ˵ˣɻ
Ǭ˵Ҳ˵ˡ
Ǭʼڷߣ˿ĴСȻôƳȥϣʼ
磬ڰѿ̺ˡ
ı߽ϱɾ³ͷʹƶˡ
ǬʵĿ̲סЩˡ
Լ̵İ
ʱ͵³ͷʹƣ˻ǬѾ˿СһˣЦЦ
⿻ɹϣͿԷŲȥտһ죬ûˣͿ˯ˣǬԸ
ͷȻռ˷һĿռĿ˵⿻󣡡
ţ˯ܴǬ˵
ˣɴһ۾
ǹѸһˣˣ
һ죬Ǭڰʾʲô
ٴһ죬εĺϴβһ˰ˡ
ǰȥһš
ǬһۣҶۣšʲô֣
Żûôܷ֡

Ǭ뿪ׯʱòñһЩѶסˡ
Ȼʱ䶼ڹ̿ȴǬһַɡ
ڴ飬Щ鶼ҪڰеģǬһֱҲ̲סѹֺˡ
˴ʱ̿̿ǰģһǰһӴ˳
뿪ׯоһˬһΡ
ϲɵ飬Ӧ黹Ҫȥġ
ϻҲ˼Ժĳˡ
ӽǬТˣÿι飬Ҳ
һ̡
ϻһģɨһ³⽼пܴڵİˣȸˣȻ󷽱ǬĹ
ԴǬڷŸʱܴ̣һжׯץ˲ٰˣ˭Ҳ֪⽼Ĵׯжٸˡ
ҪһɣǵȻҪȴ⽼ǱڵΣˣץʱΧˡ
ҪȴǺܶ࣬һǲܴݾˣԵôδжǰ֪ˣǾͻˡһǣǬϵϵİ˭֪ûģҪֻץϵİ˶׼ǵʱ򷴶鷳ˡ
ǳϻİ취ãֱҰؽɨʲôⶼˡ
¹ѻҲϻôյٹݣҲܱġ
ŰӪʿҶڹϻͬʱȴûоóϻ쳣ġ
⼸糯ϣҲĹٵ棬άһ£˵²ã̹Ǵĸ֣ɣ
ǳϻɨƻ˳ˡ



706 жʼ

ɨЧǳá
˲֪ǵġɨȴпܰѰƳ԰˶ò
ڼʱȷⳤ⣬Ǽȸɾġ
ϻ㱨һԼġ
ϻԲģҲһڿܻ飬ɴţˣ˵ôЦôš
ܲˣųϻλ
Тʱվ˳ʾϻĳɼʵģҲн˵飬⼸쳤ȷʵһЩ뿪ˣЩ˶¼Ժʵġ
˶ܲˡ
ڻһطҪТ˵
˵꣬תͷǬ
йأ
Тһͷ˵Ůʯ̫Ӷǧţ
ǬŮҲڴ˵ķΧڰ
ʯǺŮ췴ŮȻܲˡ
ҪδǬѺʯ˳ȥ
ʯȻڶãҲǬν飬Ҳ⡣ڴǰܹЩˡ
Һʯܽ붫ﵱͺзֲĹϵ
ǺҪ췴ôʯǲеڶ
Ǭ̬ȣТ˺⡣
ͷһۣȻǬ˵£ʯŵնáڶʲôϢпͨʯĶԵȵ¾㱸ʱͿúʯ
Ƕк֤ˣû֤ݣǱҸʣҪ𣿡Ǭˡ
ϻ͵Ͳ֪ˣץȻԣǲ֪Ϊǰץġ򵥵˵Ҫҽڣܰץñ֪ץ
ϻǸ˴ϸˣͳĵǬҲû֡
ʱǬҲˡ
ǰ̫ɵ¡ôñ֪йصģôһɧģ˵ᱻá
ԾͲ֤ݣֻ֤ץˡ
Ҫ֤ץˣһٶˣкô֤ȥѣǬʾˡ
΢΢һЦŵЦݡ
ϵĺһϣһݣȻֵݸǬ
Ǭ
滹
ȴ֮ǰͬ
֮ǰǼ¼ҪץһٶںһеĹϵһȴǼ¼֤
͵׸ţ
͵鸾
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ָСЩƽʱǱһֻ۱һֻ۵ģǵҪʰʱ򣬾ͱóˡ
ƽʱǲ£СĻ£ΣյʱܻΪѹһˡ
ǰʮÿˣǬ֪ʱТѾЩȸźˡ
ǬʾͬЩ
ú󣬳ϻȥˣǬ˽ȥˡ
󣬵ͷˡ
ԽԽţڼӿ첢֪½С
ۿʮµѮҪˡǬֻص˼ԺС˵顣
ڶ죬糯ϣ佫Ĺٵķ룬糯ϴ˲ĹٵС棬ٱʮԱķ¡
úܶ󳼸оʣôˣƽʱֵ佫ôڵ飿
ǸֵǣТǬվָٷ粻ʱˣʮԱ֤
£糯ˡ
֤飬ε󽫾ϻͬѧ
ЩٱĹԱɫһӲҰˣСڳϻϣҲҪһƤ
ϻٺһЦ¶һŴЩԱǵһҰײҰ׵ġ
Աǲһ
³ϾʿȥʮԱļˣԱǺͼһʱ䱻
ЩԱʵﻹң糯ϱٱЩСЩ١
ǵǱһУξǱ˷һصʱǾͲٵˡ
ʱ仹ʱʹڱٱʮԱһԱҲˡ
ԭǣһٱĹԱ
в۵ʱˣΪûоʵ۱µͬ⣬ôƹԱأ
ʱץ˵ĳϻȴûǣץǵˡ
ʱеڶԱϻˡ
ÿһԱʵ֤ģⶼǼԺĹ͡
˵ڶ糿ʱѾжʮԱˡ



707 ڶ졿

Щܹʮˡ
һĳɼ͸ɵϵһ
㲻
ǬڼԺһ죬ТһԺ
ͳϻû
ϻҪҹϵץˣҪԼ˶ֿˡ
ҹ鱨ϵػܵԺ
ֻǵһ죬˶û쳣Ը鱨
Ǭ뿪ԺҪȥ糯ʱһ鱨ţѾӵ󣬴һ۳帮ӵܻˡ
ţڳ𵽵ãȶˡ
ǬһħͷڹЦˡ
ǳϻЦ
Ǭȥ糯ˡ
糯ضǲ̫ƽ
ٵĹԱϻ˵ô˵ץץأ
ǳϻû糯Ƹ˳ϻͷϡ˵Լ֪Щ飬Ҫȳϻһ
ɵһ仰ǣЩԱֻǹԼļֲ飬ʶһ
糯вĴ󳼶һƻȥˡ
ĳϻȴǵ˸ʿȥץˡ
ǽһģĸԱ£ҪڳһԱǺ׵ġ
ŽϵһԱٴαǣȥеĹԱΣ˭֪һ᲻Լˡ
ſƵԽ࣬ʿҲԽࡣûã챻ƵĵһԱͱؽ˴ˡ
в˽糯ĹԱһʵ۱²˵Լļﲻʲôôھͱصˡ
м¸ڵ٣ͽˡ
˫һ̯˵޻֪£ʹ˳ͬѧ˵ֻǱڴԩǵģʱųˣֲʲô顣Ŷˣ޻ҪȥشĹأѩׯںլѩѹˣҪϽźþȼˣ
˵꣬ˡ
һ㶡
һ뱻ƵĹԱ˳ϻָϻˡ
ϻٺһЦ˵ǱȫȨϳ̴ģץûɱȥϳֻץ
һʱʵ۱ʱһ飬ҲûˣǷĵػȥˡ
һʮԱ
˶ųϻǵĴ󽫾֮λ͸˵÷ˣȻЩԱ衣
ǳϻƤøǽսһ
ԱûֵǣϻѰӪ󣬾ûջ
ڳץ˵ģһӪˡ
ͷȥץ˵УξȴģһУξ
еǱˣǶţһԺˣȮֵľȮ
֮ǰץĹԱǼƷȽСģץһҪְλĹԱ󣬳ĹԱһɧˡ
Ҫ֮ǰץСǻ˵ҪְλĹԱץϻҪ
ЩԱȴ˲ͬζˡ
Ϊʲôһлʵ۱¶ûгǲ֪ܲġôץĹԱôûʾ
ûʾǾ˵Ĭϵģ
Ĭϣôʲôģ
һ㰡һ㣡
ǲٹԱС
һϣĸٱ߰˸СԱ
糯ʱϻȥϳˣóһźӣ㱨ˡرץٵУ˾ȻͰ˵ĿӶûͣ
Щ֤˵ץǶԵġ
ҪָҲָˡ
³ˣǬעⲻԾüͷú
Ǭ˶ȥ˯ˡ
һֱ˯硣
̴Ĭˡ
ʯų̴Ĭˡ
£󽫾ó㱨ҵ֤ͺ̴Ĭ˵
Ǭɫȴһ㶣һȶϵѵҪϵºð죡ʯ˵ȥɣҺͳҲǺѣһ裡
ʯɫƽӦһȻȥ
Ǭ˺뿪¶һЦ
һֲɭ
¶һŴĳ̴ĬЦ൱Ŀֲ
ˣŹˣǬЦһ䡣
̴ĬٺһЦʵ£õλλǼһ̫ƽˣϵûС
Ǭղźʯı飬ʱȻһ㷴ӦûУûŹ֡
̼裬˭֪ģʯȻҲ֪ڴӳ̴Ĭһ仰ͺйصģȴһӦûС
ⲻ˵⼸һֱڹעһ˵飬׼ڵһʱװƽӡ



708 

Ǭһ裬Գ̴Ĭ˵£һȲ裡
л̫ӵ£̴ĬٺһЦæ
̴Ĭһڲ󣬺һ
⼸춼װȥģ۵ð
ǬͬŲ裬Ƶ˵ڻֻǸͷһ̲Ҫʱ򡣡
̴ĬؿǬʵ£ĵʲô°ϳÿζյ׵֪һҪʲôȻɣû׵ʲô
ָſһ£˵λҲǽңϰ˺üΣϺõ㣬Ҫǵ֪ʲô飬ǰϳ̿϶ϰôʱ䣬һӾͿϺõˣ
Ǭһۣ˵㲻֪飬Ȼ֪ҪܸĻ㸸˵ˡ˶ֻҪ¾Ϳˣ
̴ĬƲƲ죬ȴûٱԹǶǬǰĸɨˡ
ɨļƣץʱҪöࡣ
̴Ĭһ󣬾͸Ǭææȥ˼Ժ
һУȻݸʯġ
Ǭ˼Ժ󣬻˸ȥ˯
ʯǱߣȥӵģ˳䷢չͳˡ
Ȼϵʱ춯ˡ
Ǭ˲û϶
ڶ糯εµˣȥݿȥ
סˣʱܱЩˡ
ǻΥҪʱӻʵ۵ôǿ
գͺʱĽְλȻȥˡ
һ죬ﲻϵи߹
һ죬ڱ﷢ˣٱ˱佫ϻԴ
佫൱ںұۣǣ൱ڿȥұۣʱصˣҲ˲ˡ
佫ĹԱǣ˭ķ籩ˡ
̫ˣҪʰˡ
佫죬ǣһүʾǬȥү
Ǭһ壬ƺѾյ˷ԤУȻѾ׼ˡ
ƳүкܴȨװ棬ÿү
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ȻүһӰѶǧʿүĻǰ߱췴
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Ǭ˵ŰɣСµģҪ޹
ǲú洫˴غ
Ǭ¶һ˿ΣЩʲôã㵱Ӧ˼Ļӣ
Աߵĳϻô죬ȥ
ͷתͻȻд˺
Ǭһ˷ż
ǰһڡ
Ƶļڽϵ
ǬȥǰʮʿŴܣǬǰ棬˲
ʱѾֿʼˡ
ȶѾ췴۴ˡ
Ѿ׼õʿϿʼ˹ж
Ǭ̴Ĭ˺氲ȫĵطǳϻ
ǬǺļʵǽʱ򣬰ǽôֻѾ׼˽ˡ
ֻһССĲһĶǬȴоԼǿڹһ㡣
˫˶óسǺ͹ǵƴľƣ
ܿ죬ǬǽµˣȫѪǽڵҲϵش˲ҽ
ײľˣܵڻ£Ĵţײ
䣡䣡䣡
治֪ǷʲôȻײľһײ£涼ˣȴûײ
һʿ˹ϻ
Ѿ˳ɱȥˡʿ˵
ϻͷ
ʱ2ҲǬߣСǬ˵
Ǭһȷϵʣݶȥˣ
2ŵͷ
Ǭϻһͷ
ϻһӣʿǶæ
ţٲͶ³ϻ׹һɱħʵ˵
˺ϻصĲŹ֣ǳȥ˻ϱǿͷˣֵǣΪүܿţ
ԣţ
ţ
ϻȴǲǣһӣһСͶʯǰȥһС棬һѻ˵ҩСͶʯ˳ȥ
ǰŵʿ޶ܣǰ档
ҩǰ棬ŵҩչ⣬һ죬
ǰʯʨըˣ



709 ҩ

ҩ޴ıը𶯣Ϊƽס
ſڵʯʨըѿˣʯɽ˳ȥ
ĺʵǽҲõһǽ
ǰŵʿ˾޶ܣֻ޶ܱɽʯУʯͷײ
˷ɽʯͷǿҵ
˵ͻȻһǿҵظܵǻҩǿ
ը˵Ķ䶼һʱЩʧˣ̵졣
һˣȴǰÿ¡
ȫҩըŵˡ
һ˾еĺŸ˼
Ще˶ˡ
ߵʿڳǰǿѹǶϱԺǿʱûгֻҡ
ϻϿţȻըҩӽڣ
죬ԸôԶܰشȥ
˺һӰ
һɧ˺ˣҪųżҽˡ̷ɱ˶ĵˣѾȶ˾ˡ
ϻǬ˼
ըҩǲǿˡ
ϻըáǬ
ղѾ鱨ˣүһѾܳȥˣʣһӱڣҪ翹ĻߵʿҪˡ
Ǭ뿴޹˳ָ
Գϻһͷ
ϻٺһЦ׵һӣ̨СͶʯǰ
ʿըҩŵСͶʯķͶͶʯ˵һ˵Ļҩ˽ȥ
䣬䣡
鱬ըҽ
Ǭһ£΢š
Ϊʲôըҩֻˣ
ϻͬɻ˶һۣȻըҩ
ǻҩרըҩ
̫ӵ£󽫾ҩߵ˺󣬿ڿзɵʱ򣬱ˣԾըˡըҩըҩָָ¶ĵߣ˵
ԭٷʮĲʣҲ̫ˡ
֮ǰŵĵһģȻ𲻵ˡ
ϻٴλһ֣ըҩϣȻȼҩߣͶʯȥ
ըҩȫˡ
һ½ǶȣҲһһ£ͬĵطӡǬͶʯʿ˵
ͶʯʿٺһЦæǬ˼Ͷʯ
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Ǭ֪һǷǳͶʱȴͶ
ҩˣǬȻͽˣҪһҩΪһ㣬ǲٷ
ҩҪǮһһֵ޵ĲϺͶϻžȻǰѻҩš
ըҩӵĴţһըҩ޴£ըˡ
ըҩŸը˽ȥŵĽҲһը
ܽݶ䵽˵ϣһʱҳһƬ
ϻһӣһʮ˵ȥ
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ȥ󣬺ĲҲųȥϵƬĦġ
ǽȥ󣬰лŵˣץ
ܿ˶ȫץˣϻǬ
ſǰԺѾըòˣ֫壬һġ
Ǭ۾Щȥ
˻ʹﵹûܵըҩӰ죬
СţҲѾʿǳܿͿ˾棬䵽Ǭϡ
һ׵ݵʿ˹Ǭ˵£үһѾˡ
˲ˣǼԺ7š
үһұųȥǬ⣬ҪܳȥȻܴ̫һֻҪ˰ΧүݸߣԵȻ׾Ͷˡ
ǬͷȻóϻȥȥү
¶ʮˣǬƵġ
ɫҰףǰүҺǬֱӡ˿ǬĿȴǾš
Ǭ֪ǰʲô
֪ʱ˵ʲôҲûãֻǿ󣬾ʿǽԤõĴ
ȥˡ
ըҩը֮ǰķԵһûˡ
ըҩڳһֺ
ͬһ죬үһҲץ
ô٣Ҫ죬һ糯ܴĺ䶯
ǽ糯ϣȴû˸վᡣ
ﶼھÿһλٱץǵ͵һ¡
Ҳ֪ǲһץˣ˻ҩⶫ˭ˡ
ϣһǿϢ˳ˡ
һλүˡ
ʱǬֽӵʿΧסµү
һűˣܲ
ܿ촫˺˴үɱ˳ȥˡ
ϻڿǿʱ˺ҪͶ
ϻһüͷšһ¡
Ŵˣʮ˳ˡ
ϻһӣǰȥѺЩˡ
ǳͶˣȴͻȻӱ˵ų˹
ǳ˳˳ɱм߳ȥ
Ҫܵӡ
ǾȮֵ͵ˣȮ˳ȥҧסǰˣʿٴΧȥǵܼƻһӾˣһ䵽ϣһæӽ
ͶĸʿǱƴܳȥľģ׼Ҳһӱش˲ʿ
ʱŵϲҽʿ¹ؽ˵ţϻŭˣ
Ͷʯըҩϻһ
ںͶʯƵǰˡ
ըҩŵͶʯϣߵȼˣҹرۡ
ˣͶʯըҩ˽ȥ
䣡
ըĻ⣬ҹرԣ
ըҩӽȥ󣬳ϻһӣײľǰȥˣݺݵײš
ըǸүĴţе㸺Ӱġ
ڲըҩըˡ
ţ˼ӹ̵ġ
ǸղŻͶһΣڴֻǹر˶ѣû̫ļӹײľײ˼κžͺһˡ
ˣײŵʿæӵһߡ
죬үסˡ
ǬȴоͰĲһ
Ȼڿޡ
Ҳڿ޺ȴ㡣
һ㱨ˣ£ղżͶҪƽȥ󣬲ұըˡ
ǬŻعζˣ֮ǰүܣֻһԣҪעǱȥȻ߶ͨţϻӸӱȫġ
ֻϧˡ



710 ¿⡿

үȻ˵˰ǼұץүǴӺܳȥ󣬱ץġ
İ취ԼĶܳȥ
ӣүļ̳ˣҪү֡
û뵽ǬͲúˣŻǬģֻҪܳͲΪ̫ˡ
ҪüưӸͳȥȴû뵽ȰӸըˣǴӺܵģȴˡ
Ǭ֪ըһõܺһ¡
ϻɨֳ󣬾ʹ˵ǬǰˣʾǬ˰үһҸͽ˴ΣȻǬȥˡ
·ϣϻǬļ˵£֪үδ𣿡
նͷǬһŻش
ǵʱ򣬾֪˼ˣЩץĴ٣ӵù֡
ϻûоԼһ⣬Ǽʣүļأӣ
ᵽӣǬղըǸӣһ
ֻ췴ͬ۴ãϻ˵
Ǭһ¡
ϻ˵Ե²︺ǸղŲʧ֣³һģ
ʱǬ׹ϻڰο
Գϻһͷ뼷Цݳģ¼ȿ޻ҪѿԾͲˡ
ȻĻеǬûľ˺Լûڹϵ
ȥ¶Ǭͻضһ˯
үǣһԱ
ոճȥûĺܿ촫ǱӵϢ
ҲӲѾбˣܿͱץˣսͽ
һҹǬ㱨ʯҪܣѾץˡ
Ǭ˻֣ѺʯԺϡ
ڶѾˡ
иץĹԱץˡ
Ѿǵצûٵҧˡ
ϻҲûٴܶڳзһ·ˡ
ƽˣȴûƽ
бץĹԱ͵Ժһ顣
Ҫѳмֵ鱨
˼Ժæµ⣬ļǶµģڲ²ץôԱҪʲô
᲻ǣϣ
вƽĹԱһٶԱץˣôճְλ˭ȥⲻǸĻҪץסεĻᣬôǲͿ;ǰһ
Ƿ׷׵μ߶ϣܸԼ;һ·
Ժ飬Тȥ
Ǭˣһϻ˳̴ĬǬ¸
Ҳţȥ
̴Ĭ˵¸ǬȻ֪Ǹϴαը¼ùҵǮһ飬ϴξǸŵʱ򣬾Ϳ޵òˣһ޵ġ
ʱ䣬Ҳ޺˰ɣ
̴Ĭ⻰˼Ӧ޺ˡ
Ǭ˳̸󣬿̸ĴŹȻһ¡
˸ڣԺϻѾԺӵͤˡ
ͤһ¯ӣһţҲ֪ʲôһ㴫˳
ϣż̳ƣһС¯ӣƺҲǾƣء
̫ӵˣϻһЦ˵
Сֶ壡ǬåһδˣһҴ
ϻǬ£ǬԼֺںë͵ģһ㶣ŵˣһⲻһֻë
Ƥëף
ϻ˻ȥǬĿҲŹȥ
۾ʶģײŷֻڴףͻȻƤëףߵעŹ֡
۾ȥ󣬾ѹˡ
Ȼ˳ϻǹġ
Լ֣ǺÿֻͣķʽǬעѡ
Ǭһ³ϻȻͲˡ
ƤëզʲôСֵģһףĤأ
ϻС¯ºõľƣǬȻûкףЩʧ
װ˰͵Ȼܳɹװƣ̫ˡ
ӱóһ˫µף˵ڵµġ
ףû뵽ϻôãȻǬ
Щܳˡ
˿ƤƵúܺãƤϺƵҲ൱ϣ֡
治лл壡Ǭ˵
̴ĬԱЦҵɱһͷµƤëλµףƤҪƤľ͸ı⣬ף治
˺ˣ˵ˣ¹ºȾƵģϻһЦ˵
̴Ĭһæȥ򿪴¯ĹȻг˴⡣
ȷʵ㣬ֻǲ֪ʲô⡣
ɣ
Ǭ˿ϵƤףܿҡҡͷղ˵ǵɱģֻͽˣڡ
ȻƳؼǬ˵仰ҪǷִȶܲʮóģʲôܲصģ
¿⣬˳ԣϻ˵
˵꣬óӣͶų̴Ĭ¿⿪ʼ֣ĵһһƬȻȥĽ
̴ĬҲ
ǳӣЩס
ΪףǬҲóСʼ
˼ڣϻ˵ǴϸҪ߾ƣɣ
Ǭһˡ
¿߾ƵģҲ֪᲻ʳˡϻԿˣֻøһˡ
һ̺󣬳̴Ĭȥ⡣
ﵽжⰡ
Ǭܺ档
ϻһ˵ŷ˰ͷ¿˻аͷأԣ¿ԽԽζ
ʱ̴Ĭˣһ̷ŵǰ档
ǿ
ò˵̼үʳǴǬһڵ⣬Ƕڵˡ
һӺ󣬳̴ĬͳϻҪҪֻ¿ó
ʱ̴ͳ̻ҲظˣһһС
һҲˣҲԹæˣһǰһĻ¯أ
ֻֻ¾ֻ¿ˡ
򿪹ǣȻ¿⡣
һֻˡղųϻ˵ˣ¿ԽãԽ㡣Ȼ¹һǬѾ߷ֱĶ̲סջˣԡ
ֻܣθʵǲֵһˡ
ֻ¿⣬ǬĶӲʮһֱ¿⼸󲿷ֶǸˡ
Ա㣬Ǭҡҡλεظϻָ
ϻ͵ſڣǬѾ뿪ٺһЦ
Ž飬ˡ
Ϊ¶ˮķֺԶڼݵĳ̷Ļŭţǳϻλؾͱ̷ˣһҪ̫
ǣϻ˽Ƥëף¿⡣



711 Ӱ졿

Ƿʽ͡
ó̷֪ĿͷûУÿ˶ûоΪʲôͣô̷һŹϻġ
ǬȻǲ֪ϻͳԷΪ˱ֺĸм֮ġ
¿ͺƵ飬һˡ
˵¿ը飬¡
ⶫ֣ص£Ȼ˵ԣһӾתˡ
ԺǱߣΪʱֶ࣬Կʵǳæ
˼Ҫڹǰ¸ãҪϵȥ
ѾʮѮʱνǽ
ǱߣȻвٵĴ󳼶»ǣϡ
ǻвٵɹվ׷飬ҪŹЩԱһ
Ȼǲͬˡ
֮ôţΪ̫ϾɱˡҪҷչúãȻҪЩë
һ߶סЩɹ٣һ߲㣬ԷΪЩԱʲô
ԺߣΪץʱ䣬ʲôֶζˡõģǽдܹԱȻһһ䣬һǱߵ˹˵ѾйˣԷˡߵĹԱһй뿪ǵȻǼõջˣǺ׵ؾ˵ˡ
ͨЩֶΣ˵õõϢ⣬ЩԱǰ췴ɵĺԱ
ЩԱ춼رӲҲ˵
ʱˡ
鱨Բܳȥˡ
Ǭȥ취
Ǭ˸⣬ܹظ߹ٵ壬˵дͶƸǣʵǼǸڼԺ�ʡ
ͬˡ
ʮѮ˶ԱĴеҪڿͷеͶơ
ȻٹԱ𾪣˭Ҳҡľġ
ǬעһүҲڿͷԱ֮С
үĶӺӣҲọ̈̄ûһж
Ůǣ޳ȥĲκ飬ûм޳ȥģҲӽûܵ
ţǳ󣬻ҪǷļ޳ȥأǬ˵
Ǭͷ
ƺ󣬶һо֣̫ԱˣŮƽȰ
ʱùŹֵؿ˿ǬǬЩˣôˣ˵飬᲻ôܵᰡ
Ǭûʲôᣬʵ˵ʲô
ŶûС۾£˵ˡ
Ǭǿݵģ˵Ҳûȥ׷
Ǻܿ죬˵￴ƽʱĶ
ӣԼʱ۾˱ӡ
ǰıСƵģû⡣ڣıĿȴǰĲͬƺʵʵĶһ㡣
Ƕûȥ׷
ҲǬܲˡ
ԱǱͷڴҵȻǾףҲǹȥ˵ˡŹԽԽҶæŹˡ
ʺΪʹĸ밲˾Ͷˡ
Ǭȥʱ򣬾ͳһүһԹ
Щ˶ǻסǿǬĿ⣬ȴǴ˱䡣
Ǭˬ˼ˡ
ȻǴ˶Ӱ˶ļŮˡ
ǹǬСĵ̽
ǬСºΧԼߣһůȻܵ˵˳
嵺СȴͬҲԭ
һĸ͵Ůˡ
Сʵһ֡
ȴһıԵԸûǷȥ
Ǭ˶û뵽ȻָǬʾ֪ˡ
˵ˣһ۵үͷˣ´Ҷ㵽ͷϣԲµ˻㣬µ˻䱸㣡ʱһ
ǬԴȻǺ㡣
ŶʯӣŶǶè۵Ϸء
԰СȷӦ˵˵÷ǳе
Ϊү췴۵ģôǬҪүһҵͷǾеСˣ⿳ͷòֵˡǾΪүǬ˵ġ
ԭô£Ǭһ̾һڴô죬췴ֻڲԲŻᱻġ
ԭ췴è۷£Χ
Ǭ˻֣ϲӬһذһȥ
嵺СΪǬ˰취
Ů˵ԣⷽ涼ǲóġ
ڿƣʵ벻ȥЩ˵졣
Ҫȥĸɣ뵽˻ʺ飬һˡ
Ǭͬˡ



712 

Ǭ˻ʺʺæд񵥡
ҪˣҶҪ׼ЩǬڹʱȻһߵһ׼Щ
ǬˣʺͣͷϵĻ
ǬĿգʺϵıƽ
ĸ㲻֪£Ǭֵʡ
ö֪ôʺȴû
ʺתͷʣĸ󣿡
ûУǬæ֣˵ĸ취ɣҶûˡ
Щ׶ǳԱ˳ţǴᷴ˼һԼֻﵽͷʺ˵
Ǭ˵ûʲô취ǲң
һʱͺˡʱ䳤ˣǵͻϡʺν˵
Ǭһ£Ȼ׷ʣû취𣿡
ʺһ̯֣˵˵죬Ƕµ˵ġˣҲûʲô˵ģȥ˾ûˡ
Ǭֻʧ뿪
ʺǬȥıӰ˵ʶֻоļ尾ܳ㾭ص飬øӳģ
Ǭ֪ʺ˼ǻʺûа취ⲻ˵ġ
ʺû취Ǭֻܼڱ˱ӵĿ¡
ܲˣڹҪȥߡ
̫լˣܲˡ
Ҫڹ߶ͻԼˣȻܲǵĿ⡣
ڣЩ̣ڶͣˣؼҵŹˡ
Ǭûнׯȥһ
ʱҪˣӺ
ܵ˵С˵Ӱ죬Ҷʱ֣ϦҪ򸴵ڼƽ꣬벻ѡ
ʮһʱͰѼеĵ˹͹ĵĶˣȫƳ˸
ǲ
˼ʼΧׯ򼦵ȻƳɸ
⻹ûнʮѮأĸûƺõĵȫԤ˳ȥˡ
ЩܸҴʮ档
ϲüң˵òˡ
ǬˣԼˡ
Լ˲ÿţȥæ
Ǭæ˺һӣʵûԼĿռ䣬ͺ͹˵һȻ뿪ˡ
һ·ţҪ䵽ٻضȥҲ֪Ҫȥ֪Ȼ˻¶ˮꡣ
ﻹûзż٣Ҳǳ
һҹСڽһƿɫˮζƷζ;ˮĺ⣬˵÷ǳרҵ
ʱǬˣ۾һ
Ǭһ֣Ȼλ˵صĻ˵˺ͣ˵ӣŰˮͿֱԣ˵òġȹȥһ£һˮЧˣٹ㿴
áȥɣλӵȾˣֵŮһЦ˵
Ǭ˹˵ȥæģһˣ
ȻһЦˮ۾Ǭϱһ£һùůĲһ߶Ǭ˵Ӳڹմɣ
ƺ֪ǬˣϤ˺˵Ҳˡ
Ǭ⻰ʱоһУ˵ڸ׬Ǯ㣬ҲĲŹһ䣬Լĵ꣬ͽȱ衣
˵裬յĲˮ͵Ǭϡ
ӹһڣ繬Ʒʺãȴ˸оһɣɵζ
ǡͻȻЦˡ
ǰ˭˵Ȳȳ֣ͬζǺòӲﻹô
ȷʵǺȳˡ
ǲж棬ֻ˵̬ͬѣĻͬѡ
Ǭ£Ȼװ׵˫סգ۾еشǬ
ţʲôȥк˰ɣңǬֵ
Цһ£Цʣӣæһ͵Ļᶼ𣿡
죬˵Ŀ࣬ȫҪ¶ˮҶһֱûͣϢòˣҾͽͷ͵һһΰɣ
Ǭ뵽ǳԼ鲻ãҪԼȴû˵˵һɡ
һЦȻҲٸˡ
ðɣҪ͵Ҿһֻ۱һֻˣȥϰٱģ
ţˣ췢Ǯˣҿɲ뱻ǮͷȻһ£˵˸ϰˣЩҲ˭ҪòþͿǮͻȻһҿúܣ
˵ģС¡
ǬǺһЦ
һ˵ӣ˵ὲ£署һҽɣ
ֲһ䣺ø˵ģҪǼ㣬㽲һٽ
ǬҲǴû£
ȻֻյĽڣǬǰնͯĿζ£ǽԭϵϲ̫ǡ



713 յ⡿

մʱЩĿɿڴ
˺һʵӣǺ򻹻˵õǹննȥǲЩǺѾɾˣĺһ
յ˼άͣڴͳ棬ûַֹ
ǬֻǰǺ˵ΪдѣͬƤ˺ƤˣǳɾǹĹ£Ųͬ
ջûף˼άת䲻ˡ
ͬԡ
һ㲻ͬ˵Ұģֲģǳ쾭飬ǱͺܴȴһֱԲⲻ
տĲʺϿƬ
˵ǴаһǴһаʤǧŲ䣡
۾˸˼£ƺҪǬû˵
룬ܿܣ˭ʤ˾˵˭ġһʿɲ˵Ƶһġ
Ǭ˵ţһ¸õġȻŹֵֹģ˵Ĺ£һ˵ģ
˵󣬿ǬʵӣҿüëһֱšţȻ󣬵ܿ鲻̫졣֪ܺ˵һ˵˵һЩ
Ǭһ㶣Ǭգգˮ
飬Ȼܺ˵
Ǭ˵һ˵ĳ嶯
ڱµıУѹ˺¶˸ʡ
˵ҵ£˵ݵ£Ϊݣֲܰԭ˵ܵݵżˡ
ˣ۾գգȻʼ˼
ǬҲֻǵɹ˵ѣ׷ʲô
˵󣬲û⣬ȡ
ֻǲˮˡһ˾Ͳúˣ
ӣٸȵʱ򣡡ʱǬ˱˵
Ǭһ¡
յ˲裬һ²豭豭¶ȸոպãŷŸǬ
˵ݵĹϵҲһʱ򣬵ֻҪһˮȥͻů
Ǭһ֣˵
˵Ĺϵݣѣ֮˿׽Ķǿϵά֡ݹϵ仵ˣΪǿܸǺô棬ǵ棬ԾͲáⶼһЩݡǿԣҲڡҪά֣ôףֻҪǺôǾøһ𣬾棬ôǾͻΧߣ
Ǭˡ
ƺܼ򵥰
Ȼеȫˡ˵棬Ե
ģǰٷְ飡
ǬҪһϸļƲûС뵽˵ϸˣôֻ»֪ǹ飬û˵
ƹ治ܿõ꣬׬Ǯܸǡ
Ǭһû˵һ飬ġռǬûģ֪˼ûⷽ˵
һ뿪˲¶ˮ꣬عȥˡ
һȥ嵺Сˡ
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ǬͷϿɡ
ʲô⣬Ǭһֱ벻
ⷽСµóȥˡ
£˵úôСºܿ⣬ʵ
ǬʵúǸ⣬ʲô뷨Ͱ취
С˵úڳúܻһȻ¶ˮرⶬ죬¶ˮˣ˵úõĶˡôãȻ׬Ǯˡ֮ǰмҪ˵Ǻú飬ΪѾˣԾ;ܾǡ֮ǰйĻף⼸ͲҸɫԣʱ˿ԸȵĺȨôǻ׷Ҫ𣿡
ָǵһ꣬ô⣬Ժÿһ곤ֻ²Ƚ١⻹ֻǳطúֻ¸׬ǮĻɴˡֻҪǵҵǾҪǵɫˡϲ˴ģ˵󲿷ֻѾվ߲ôˣΪԺǵĴ룬Ϊú룬ҲٺΪѣ
һ֣˵ܴﵽ˵ģ
ȷʵ
ܺãǬͷ˵ҲܰǵˡֻǲЩĿѣ˶ǺôԼ
ţһúдƻģǻ׬ǮģСºŵ˵£˭ģ



714 С˵׼

СȻװúܴ棬ܺӣǹСľȴȫڲס
ǬϿ̽⡣
ЩЦⶼЩʲô
Ǵõİ취ʲô֪ģ
ˣҶʲô˼ˣҽķҹ䵽¶ˮ꣬ƹǸܻ˼ˣ鷳Ծ죬ˣҾͱ˸£ҵķ¸͸취ǬЦŶС˵
СǬĻһƹ˵˼ʲô
кüκ嵶һۣƺһ㡣
Ҳ֪ǵ۾ܽʲôСΪ˵Ĵ˵£ŮһŸ˼´ȥҪСĵ㡣ǲҪȥˣȻǸŮƹһ죬Ȼ㣡
ٺ˵ҿû˵̫ӵݡ֪ĹǬû˵
С¾һ£С棺㶼û
漴µۣôһǿ˵µˣԲŹսġ
˺ˣǬס˵û£СŮѵ㻹Ǳ㻹ҪСһģ
Сˣգգۣû˵
ôˣЩʲôǬܺʡ
úõؿͥ飬ôͻһСˡ
ǬѯʣСµͷȥҲ˼˵ˡ
Ǭһòˣ嵴ڣǬ͵ˣȻ⣬СϿȥԼܱ˷ġ
ǬΪ˵յС»СȻûȷ˵ǻ͸¶ǲСģС²ٰ⻰ȥˡҪȥˣʱȥɢĴûǿɾˡ
ңȥдúҵ̼ƻȥСæܿ
ǬЦһ£Ȼ嵡
ҲЩ飬ԱߵһСӣ˵£յС˵
СӷŸǬæܵСǱȥˡ
УСŮˡ
Ǭһ׮£ҲȻСӣ˹
ӵĺһƪгƪС˵£һңǬġ¥ΡǿɲԶˡ
ǬҲǱ̬һԴ򿪿
һС˵ּϿӦдģдС˵˾ôλ滹ǴһСչµģһĸС㣬һϿصϷٻغϣСϷϰߣɺమˣǸ˼Ҫ׸йزԸ׸ǺСֿˡ
Ϊϲ磬ȻǱ磡Ǭһ䣬Ȿ飬ڶ
ڶʷС˵Խֻѡһʷչʷ¡ȻǴҵ꣬峯¿ͷȻ峯ĽడƳ峯Ҫźг𣬶дԨôЧⲻҪõYY̫ˡһּӦŮдģ˼ܱ棬Ӧһ䲻Ĺ֪
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Ǭô֣һϲⷽĹ£Ҳֻˣðɣϲͺá
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СڼӰ࣬ŪúҵĴƻǲ뿴ǬܵЩɶ׵ĿɶĿ⡣
һߣۿžҪˡ
ͻȻϢ·ˣ
Ǭ𾪣𾪣𾪡
Ǭֻ˺󣬵û˵ĵطɫָƽˡ
ⶼǼƻõġ
һ˷Դ˳Ҫʲôɧǲ֪ģһҪӺ֪鱨أԵ˳ҲЩĺһԺȶΪʵǹصԺȻǲܵͽԺͺˣȻһֺܵĸо
죬ؽ˼Ժˡ
ǬТȥͲȥˡ
ڽ˻¶ˮʱ󣬾Ҫˡ
ǬСȥͳ¼׼һ
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ǬĴǷǳм󣬾ͻһĻ¶ˮսԡ



715 Ŵ

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С²˲ᣬ˵꣬ҪæɶˣܳҪһʱ䣬æٻȥ
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һֻϹǬƨˣһǻŹ̬ȣֻ̬ûٱӶѡȻӴʲôУߵҲСһ֡
ǬҲȥǿÿ˶뷨߾顣
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716 о

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⻰ԭǰԵġСŮŶһ
ǬֶǱ߱һۣУ㶼˻ҪȥһⲻǸ߱ȥĿĶһ
ϻؼʱ򣬾;úܾˣȥˣӾˡС¼˵ｲЩֶΣﶼˡˮƷڣԤȣжˮԢĽˡȫĵ꣬ƹƹѧϰɼƹжãж䷶
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ðɣֳԼһΡ
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һһطԸǬڹҪչ˺ԼҪԼҺóԵġ֮⣬ȥǬǸСѣǬԺӣյھӣȥǬϴһ飬ȻյѾȸǬϴһˣǸϴһ顣
ͺһнˣȥ
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ǣ߳˳񣬻ԼҵزˮƹزȻǻ¶ˮˡ



717 Ϧ

Ǭȥ͵ʱ򣬴¡
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Ϊ˽Ǿǰɣ
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˵ã˵˲ǵСϻ
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ǬΪһû֪Ϣų˺Ҫڿ̻ǵռңãϦϣԺԲ󣬾͵Ȼһȥ̻̻ǬǸԺ˯һڶһٻؼҡ
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˧һǬǬȥһߣǰʱǬӵ顣
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˧æ֣˵ҿûУλʵҲǲرˣƽʱڳˣ⻰˵յĹյ򣬹ֲñˣ
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һǲò磬ĵİ취Ȼ˧ΧǬ߿ѺĿЩŬŬ죬˵



718 ҹ硿

翪ʼˡ
һ磬ûдμӡ
ϵȴرĶ࣬ۿϰٶˡ
ĺ󹬾жʮ⻹еλ谮Ůˣﻹкܶûгأ
ĶŮҲ࣬ʮѾ޵ĹǬԼ㲻Լжٸˡܶ࿴İһ㡣޵ĹмүǶкӹ˾͸ˡղſƺĸӹһ
Ϧļ磬һԲ硣
Ǭ嵣С£㣬ס
֮ǰᳫĺʳͣǴΧһԲһԵķʽﲢʣ̫ˣһٶˣƳķֲƸһ㡣
ﶼһһСӣÿһСˡ
ǬϿһŸЦˡٿһ˵ϣÿǰһŸοظһ¡òʵۼҵİˡ
Աߣ˼㡣λҽΪүүʸٲ硣
ԲԲͿꡣ
Ա󣬴ҶĹ㳡̻
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21㣬Ǯ죡Ǭ
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ǵˣǣ˵ûУȻһȻǿˣǺӣٺǬ˯ˡ
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719 ֱ𶯡

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Сһ죬峿ʱرĺÿǬʱû˼Ҳ̲סһ¿ˮ
ǵ˵ǣǵֽȥģ
ˣ龹Ȼ
ΪʲôǬʡ
С̧ǬһۣȻӶ˶˵䣬ɣ
ǬȻǲĿСܶˣ
ɣȻǻƶһµطˡ
ĳţȻǲˡ
Ǭٴ޳ˣȻڲʱ򣬻ûС·֣С֡ɡǬƶƶǬ˯ˡ
һֹǸߡ
Ǭ˯ºСµֲſŵҲʧУǬ˹ˡ
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Ǭһֱȴû˵һ˵
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˵ôᣬǬҲƵˡ
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ǵǬĶˡ
ֻǽǬɫһ塣
˺һ˵
ֱ𶯣Ǭ˵



720 ϡ

Ůʱ־Ȼˣһӡ
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СһЦǬĻﴫ˳
ϲĺܣСЦ˵
Ǭһ˵Ҷ˯ˣ飬һˣ
Сֲ˵ǵֲŵģȻŽȥ棬סˣȻģͱˣ
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รǬ̲סһ໽С
СµһЦЦƺڸǬ㿴ϲġ
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ĻǬĶо˷ˣԽԽӡ
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һ˵оζ̫ŨˣҪǱ֣ǾͲˣòˡȻζñӸסͲᱻ˷ˡ
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ȻŲ˵ϲȴû˵ϲĻ
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С±ףϵĶᣬһǬĺԽԽ죬ߵ죡
ĻһСµϾͿˡ
Ǭֲ֪رס·СҲˣԽԽ졣
ͻȻǶһ㣬˺üһŻع
СǬ˿
͵εΣС´а׵ϣ͸һӵϢ
ǬȻոɶɶɶǿСӣҲ̲סһɶɶɶˣ
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С²Ǭ˵æ˵Цݣ˽ȥ
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С²֪ôһʱ˳Լһ֣ǬĶˡ
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ǬĵɿһֻƤһۡ
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ǲ˵ܷˣһص̰˯Ȼˣȴֻ˶ѣûû׷ζʵ
һ󣬾ӣ˯ˡ
ǬպһǺ嵸Ūˡ
ѹ󣬿㱧һֻ־Ȼץһֻͷϣһ㶣ȻƽʱǬ֣Աץûоѹȴû뵽Ǻ֣ߵæƿ֡
һ˸˯ˡ
ѹͲ̰ˣգգۣͻȻ㣬Ӧﰡ꣬Ȼûسɣ˯һ
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շģͻȻŵʲôȻɴ۾Ǭ
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ȻǱǬСˡСһ̫֪ˣɾͻˡ
ǬҲż뵽˰취Сµ֣οû¡
ת۾嵣ֵֹ˵С



721 ˯

ͫһŴ󣬳ԾؿǬ
С۾һ嵲ŴǬѵع
ÿζǬѣǬҪ˯ϺһӲѹ
һ룬ǬҲûʲô
Ǭı飬ԭ
ǹζֻǬŻеġ
ص۾գգɫŹֵǬ
һǬû˵ʵ£ôˣ
ǸɶҡǬװΣݵӣ˵˵ɲЦҡ
뵽ʲôһ죬ǻûǰûȷԶǬһͷ
Ǭ˵ϣμ㣡
⻰һĶˣǬĿҲޡ
Ǭ˵Ȼҿʪˡ
һ˹뵽μеģ
Ǭ˵⻰ʱ嵵ģС¾˯ĺ档ʱܸоСµڲȻʲô뵽һЦǷǳʹġ
ţʱ򻹸Цһôʰ㡣
һ棬Ǭ״̬˵˴ˣֻϲõӣ˵ҵӻȻһѹˣǾͲˣ
һҲǰ
æСĵشӴϣһһڱ˳ȥ
¹һӣȻǬ
ȫŮˣȻڴϻˡ
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ڳɹ˴Ǭùӣһ£ѵҪȥ滻
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۾ſⷿ䲻ģһſǬ嵣ɫûСϺһǸǺܺߵ˸æܳȥˡ
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Ӷ˶ôζģУҪȥⴲϴϴҳʲôԭôģ
ǬˣԭȻ֪ˡ
ԿܳȥˣǬҲ׷ȥ
˷ٴοֹһǮң֪ǮǱˡ
Ҳúûа취
ʼҵĹڶ࣬ǬҪȥ밲߰ڣ˺һӲŻ˶
ǹһ϶ϲ
ǴǮȥãС¸ǺǬĹϵͻԵĽչΪĸĹŮ̫Ƿźÿ쵽϶ϲޱȡ
ǬԼһߣǱСġ
СС˵£̫Ůһѹˣһֱװ˯أ
ŮǬӦǲСϺ
ɫһ䣬æʵ˵ʲôʱѵģ
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Ǭ֪ˣ˵Ǹʱѹģ
Сµһͷ
ǬĶˡ
˵ǿԼСɶɶ
ԼȥӣҲˣ
̫ˣ
˲ҪھǵС˵˵ô죿
ģȥǬС˵
ȻԼóǮúСϺףǽй˵̫ǵģ



722 ڷѡ

СϺ׾ϲˣ
ղ̫շ˺ǣû뵽̫ҲǺţ
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Ǭ˵ǶΪǬҪ˵껰ŰѺ֣Ƕ򸣣л̫ӵ£
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ϣּһ֣СƺǬ˯һ󣬽˵С˼ˡ
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Ǭ룬ƳŮӽûУգСǸûѧڼ˷ʱ䣬飬ǵഺʵһ㡣
ռѣƹ˼֧⵱ͯڱףյıҲڵƹĥ¼óһƹֻ¶˵ǿùաղ˵ǵͯѧϰģ԰ɣ
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⻰ǬЩˣǱ嵸СҪԭ˰ɣСϺ˷ڷȴǸأ
Ǭװ֪ı飬˵ֻһѡǹǸʮĺӣһģǲܶôϸ񡣡
ζؿǬǿǬĹƣ˵ͻɣʮĹһӵˣڵȴǵɺ裬Ҫǳ軵ǵʱҪȥˣ
죬ЩԴ׵˵쿴ŵ˯ú㣬ֻǻһΣ
˵вм˵һȻתȥ
嵿ӣһЦ뵽ǬֻǰСµ裬Ͷĸеһġ
ӵĳ谮
СǺͯĳ谮
ǲͬģһӸоĶģࡣ
뵽ҪСİģǬˮҪٿСµ䣬ĺֲˡ
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Ǭ֪һпôңȻȻˡ
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£ЩǶ
Ǭһ¼˵ûǻض£㲻Ҫң
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ǬʱҲŪʲôˣһۣ˵ٺ˵ʮ꣬ûأ
ⶼˣʮˣС˵
ҲУǬ˵С¹ˣϵô죿
һ㶣ǬϺٺһЦ˵ɶɶԸСԱţ
غٺһЦ˵˵͵͵ؿ
仰˺ܴĳӳ˵龰
ǬӰ£оԼԽԽûûˣʲôˡ
ֻǬǰ
ûʲô
ҪиԱߣܵˣ

С¹ǴЩµģôǺǬǷ˶ˡ
С¹ȥҪԼҸʶؾòԸⰡ
һ죬СҲǲܹ˯
ìˡ
Ǭ֣סĻ°ͣ˵㿴˵˰ɣ㶼ûþ˵ì˰ɣ²Ҫ룬ʱȻУڲ
һůǺìܣǣ׺
ʮ껹꣬Ҷģ޾УǬһıӣ˵
һЦ
߰ο嵣ǬСæµ顣
ǹڴ顣
飬ɲǼ򵥵飬Сһġ
ǬҪ׼ԼǮ



723 ⡿

ǮҪܸ࣬˴
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ƽʱû⣬һһû뵽֪гḻˡ
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¶ˮķãҵķãˮ·һַãЩҲһʺܴʣǴ׬Ǯ֧ȥġ
¼Ż¶ˮһûǬ󵶴󸫵ĿأǮģҪǬˡ
Ǯֻ»ԭҩ
ӳѳСԿڻ¶ˮ⻹ǬϵߵĿأѳ¼ҵó¼ķء
¼ģȴǳͳ϶γֻһʲôĳСûд϶Ҫѳ϶ڼ﷢չġ
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ǽǮҪȫҩ⣬òġ
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Ҫ취ҳ¼ңǵǮһǮǮ
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Ǭ΢΢εذԼԭ뷨˵СС¶Ǭ˾ģѾǬˣȻǻǬΪġҲǺ¼ңǸ¼׬Ǯˣ¼Ҳˡ
檼Ĭˡ
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ŴҪһ׹Щ׹򣬰ߡ
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Ǭ̫ӣǮųȥ˲ҪİλȨأҪǬվ۵Ϸ磬ôûа취ģ
ԣǺҪġ
ҪǬŪСҲŪ
ͱ¶ǬŶȱⷽ˲ˣǬС齨һС飬൱ڷгĽϣҪƳطɵϤҪԷ׵ϤƳɺͬ
С¾æⷽ顣
ⷽ滹ץʱС
һ⣬ǾƳķɷ档
ǲǺϷ
Ǭ̫ӣǺϷģôûˡ
Ǭȴźǿǻʶ
̫ľǺϷһܺĸʱҪԼˣôͲʵˡ
ҪָŸгΣã˾ôǬû˵ˡһôŸ˵Ǯղˣǵһɧ˱Ǯ
Ҫⷽ棬Լ飬Ϸˡ
Ҫһȷ˵
µȻҪȥˡ
ҳ¼ʣҪСȥҪƶͬҪСȥϷҪǬԼˡ
֣ʼ˼˵ˡ
嵼Ǭ˼ûٴ
֪и˼һддǰ뵽ĶͿѻֽϵϰߣóֽͱʷŵǰ档
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˼һ磬дʮֽȻ󹦸ɡ
վҪȥ˵¡
ʱ嵴˽Ǭ˵££׵ŵˣ
ǬһȻ󿴵ϵţӹ˿
ϲãՁѾճˣϸļ飬ȷĶƷҪһɵĲܴﵽɡ
һûġ
һĶһɵĲѾܾˣ˵һˡ
ҪƷ˶ʱ䣬һ˳Ծ鰡
˵Ǹϱ͢һġ



724 ϲѶ

ͽҪ͵̫ӶСՁ۵˷Ըġ
Ǭյ˼ˣѾﳤˣͽﱨϲأ
ǹ꣬عԱȻԸϲ¸ڣ͵һϲġ
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ճɣֻһǰˣŪڲ˵ǰѹٰѹأʵճ˶ٳɣŸǽڣֻǹϵڲ˵ġ
ǬЦЦȻȥӼ۵ĹٲȻʲôʱ۸ͽϺԼ
ţ˵һ쵽Ȼϳȥˡ
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Ҫʱܹˣ˵۾ţڿȷѾҪͽĸ¶ˣ
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ǬҪȥ콱ġ
⣬ˣǬ˵ˣǻ˳һЩǬ׵İѷŴϷԺǬŸʱˡ
˸¶ſڣǬߵжʱһ̫ҴҵǬ˹ȥ⻹Ǭݣûк̫ײһˡ
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Цһ˵ʣġ֪ʲôøôˣ
˵ͷ֪ǶǬТĵĿ϶Ƕ˵ȷ˵̨ݴʹՁۣ·ֵ̨Ѿճˣȷµճɣֻ¶ൽ²㣬ĵҪ̵ö࣬һҪǰȫпܵġٸϱһ㣬ůͣôļпܡÿĶĵףҪˮҪһɣһĺϢ
Ǭ¶õЦݣȻ˵һϢϲʣҴƵô񵾣µİղܵˣⶼǸʵĹͣʱܳɾһΰҵһʢƣ֮Σ
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726 ˡ

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727 ʺֻ꡿

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729 ͨ硿

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Щ齻ܹܼҵĶȥˣӣҪܹܼҵĶӣԺܹܼҵĶܹܼҵİˡܹܼңæŸҪ顣
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С˹Ǭм˵˵µǴΰ¼ݵĹϵǰˣҲ԰ȵˣˣóԵҲͺˣзԣǳӵ䣬Գر죡
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СڵڶӦϰ˶ʱСȥʵϰ࣬ڶŸֺĽĿ˵ͬһ



731 СǵĻ

Сڶֵضȹ졣
˵ҪˣСҪˡ
С᲻ߣȻû˵ǵȴκˣЩ÷
嵺СµЩ᲻ã͵ʱǾСӼкóԵġǬȴûⲻڳһȥܼ棬ʲô᲻õġҲЩ᲻ã۵ĸо
СʱʱطһЩ춯ͭǮͱʯĦġ
ƽʱϵıʯҲˡ
̫㣬ǲңԺ󻹻ǵģСӶµ˵Ȼ۾㡣
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Ǭⲻ϶Ǯ𣬾Ȼ䲻ˡ
ҲԿ˲ò˵䣬ˣ
С¶úۣҪȰèۻģС֣ȰǲҲȰˡֻöԺ㣬˵䣬һŸ㣡
һ۾һСˣ㣬㲻ܸʲôˣӮòһб¾ʹӮȥ
Сڶס죬ͰǬͺϰԸѧȥˣЩˣûڶҪСĴ֮ġ
Ǭ룬ⶫһȾ˭Ⱦ˻ӣⱾԹԵСӣڶںͺ㿿ˡ
Ȼ㲻˭볬ԽԽġ
ʱС˵ҲСҪˣȴһֱСӡ˵ðҾʹӮ粻ҪȰè۷´νˣٻ㣬ȻӮ
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СҲû뵽õ˺һѱȻ˶סˣջԽԽŹַ֣ëĸо
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732 

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ھͲˣ嵵ض˵£Ӧ֡
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ڷǬС˵ǰһ͹ȥˡ
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һϲǹɷܹˣֻصϣ֣g΢䣬¶һ˵Ц⡣
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漴ĿڴؿǬ
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СϺ˽ȥٳʱ϶ͨ͸ˣиˮ۵ıӣˡ



734 ú

ε飬æµȥεȥ
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Ѿ׼õķúļƻСΪĲŸ˳ȥһЩȴѾõĻǷӿ
Ѿǵ˺ܾˣĥ۾Ⱥˡ
ǰǬúҵһηúļƻʱ˭ҲûпúĽֻܾһСֵ˲˽ȥﻹǴ󲿷ƽС̷죬úҵֵѾȫˡǶ޲Ͻҵúõ׬һѡ
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Ǻܿһ̫ǣﲢǱĵطҪĻףȥĳĳĳĳ֣ĳط
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Ǹ´ѾСȥһ֧ʱѵԱӴЩס
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ΪԱǣڵĵطúģǺĵڳġ
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һЩмʶȴпˣǬȻǳľӪȨǲЩһκȴס棬ǸǬôǲҲܸһһܵǬı治ܵ˺ˣ
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İ취ǶѾȡ˺ӪȨ̼ҵıԺÿĴҲܵõı˴ĵú
Ȼԣȴ˶ڳͿˡҪǵڶĺ˶ڳôԺ˻ڳԴƣԺȫ˶úˣǻ˭úȻǿŵ˵ʵһǣúһ࣬ͻиСֶγʱúͳս׬ǮǮ
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˵Щ󣬰ԱʾˣҪǽܵĻǾ̸򣬲Ǿûкˡĵط󣬵Ҳô󣬶ҳ˳⻹еĵطЩطѡˣôߵ˾ûзˡ
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Ҫʵֻ࣬ҪһЩĳү߹ķصĳǳأλү߹λү߹ǬôҪȡһȨҪλү߹ͬ⣬ܵõȨ
ȴҪϸƺͶģǴ۸ˡ
۸Եڵ˿ٳ̶Ϊ׼Ĳͬ趨ͬļ۸
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ǺͰԱ˵
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⻰һ׵۾һȻûͰԱ˵æܳȥˡ
һ죬ٸ߶˵Ļ׶໥ţ߶
󣬾ļһԼһ𣬵˰´ʾҪȨ
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ⶼǳɻףǼŽһɢǿɲǿЦģʮҵĻףΧһġ
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תͷȥТԱǽڡ
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735 ˡ

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ͷǵģ£룬ҪҪСһƹѧϰһȻҵꣿ
⻰ǬŻɵĿ⣬˳



736 մְ

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Ǭˣһ



737 ú¼

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738 

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739 

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740 ս᡿

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741 ҪҪ

һǬ嵵ľǳϴģûйʣҲûгԶ١
Ǭˣż˾ͷ˰ɡ
ļڣġ
Ǭܹĵʡ
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ӣǷòˡ
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Ҳֻǽ˶ﻹǺΪ嵸˵ء
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742 ʺˡ

ףⲻʦѳϲôôƤǬȻ˵ɵĻǸյ֪ϲˣǷǳظˣЦúܲã
һ棬۾űӣߵҰѳĺòãԼˣԲʦһǽ㲻Ĩҵһѳϲͷ
ǬסֵգڹòģЦӴ˵ҵԩˣ֪ղŷ۵ܳȥˣ˹
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743 ̫

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744 ˮ⡿

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745 ԭҡ

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ȥʵ󣬺ú׼һⷽϸڣںͰ꾭̣ԭӪҺܺͰһҪϸڸȫˣȻԿǬԸ
Ȼһһҿ̫ӣҪöԷ©꣬ǵʱпڶ˵ˡ
СµͷӦǡ
ȥǬ԰ڻ԰ǬǰҡΣ棬ϸһë̺ɹ̫
Ǭ̸ģиҪɹɹ̫öıسɳ
嵲ЩƳҲȴԸǬġ
Ǭǲѧ
ڶ̫ɹʱǬ߽ʱѩϵĽŲˣתǬһЦܲãҪǬסҡҡͷ
ǬԱߣһ죬ǰ࣬ҲŸղŵ飬ԽԽǾҪȥһ»ʺ˵˵
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뵽Ǭȥʺˡ
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ǬúԼúܺãȥɣĸں濴㣬úҵˣʺǬЦЦ˵
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Ϧ˵껹ǽУڣһѽйڵֵǣ֣ͬͬ
ЩϦ˽ڵӻǣض˵ף


751 Ѳ

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ж׬ǮҲǲ˵ģǻʺô᲻Ըأ
ʺĳ˵Ǭĸ֪ԽԽˣȫԼȥ顣ʲôȫȥԸǡúܺãұƵǣΪԼ棡
ĸӦʱ򣬲Żְ㣬ѾȫЩˣĸͲٲֽȥˡ
ŻʺЩǬжˣǶõĸװǶΰĸװ
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Ǳ߿õ˶ߺˣˣ
ѪβҪˡ
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ǵġ
Ǭһۣ֪ʲô
Ѳˡ
үûôȥˡ
ֻԽԽߵЩҡˡ
Ǭʱүһᣬһˤȥ
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752 ա

̲һ룬ֻ¶һԴ廹ĸĶ
ʱүͻȻƨȥ⻹ƨϵֻ̣»ᱻѹ¶Դѹֻ»۶ˣʱͲѲôˣֱˣ
յһĻǬ˶
ǴʱкȴԼûа취ܰү
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ڴҶΪûûϣʱүͻȻ˻
ĺһҵţȻѿҪϵƨɣһЩ
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һˣƨɵλõ򣬸˵˵



753 ɹ

ãǬӦһİ취ƣ
ԽԽĬһһơ
ǲǰƳӣҲԼ䶯
ǬѾܸо䶯ˡ
ƨտŵҲܿͨϵ䶯
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754 ˡ


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ŶȥײƥүˡǬѸղŵ˵һ顣
뵽үѲǬֿ嵵ĶӣиҲǲһֱŲģҪˣүһǿɾͻˡȻǲһģЩͬġ
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ŸѧԺʱ˵ŵ飬ҪͷһλںͬѾ׼òˣҪȥҵ̸еѡ׼˶ȥȻǲںģȴڿءȥ˾ǵˣҲᱻҿᣬȥŻȻǵɸ߸ϵġ
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һʱ䣬Ǭĺ̫ͬˣԷҪһһؿŪ׺ͬ˼ôõʱ䡣
Բˣû죬ھȻˡ



755 չӻ

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Ҵ޼ǺǬйһκľˡ
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˵ûǬش𣬶ǽ˵ʮھ̣ȥެˣûڳԶú鲻̫˽⣬ȻĻô˵ҲҪٺҲһȣһԲͷҲ˸Сͷû˲ᱧԹһȥެջҲǲٰ
Ǭ⻰ŻȻѹֿڵƤЩ֣ϾȻĨ˷һû뵽ȥެȥﴵ˸ԭطˡ
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Са⾹ȻȥެˣǸҴƴǬЦ
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˵ϲԺ˵Ҹ׿ҵĿԽΪԽͣԽԽӣͬļ˺ĽңЩСΪģָо̫ˣ
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ڴڰЩ˵ǬǴ̫ԺˣǬԼˣѣһһ³ɾ͸жѡ
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756 ϴѡ

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757 ؿۡ

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758 Ǯ

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¶ˮͣˣһߵѾ˰Ƴˣɲͣ
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761 һƬСѩ׼һ


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ǲ֪ǬڼظǰһСƬѩһߺ죬Ϊʲôˮࣿ
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ʱǬĿ̹ⶼ񼤹һ˹ѩ׵һƬȥˡ
ƺио΢΢תͷȴǬվ嵲ǰ档
ţһ㶡
Ǭǿ㣬ֱӴ˹Ĳϡ
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ƺ֪Ǭ棬˵Ŷʦ˰ôͷһġ
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762 ˭ε⡿

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ҾֻһͷţƳţҪԴȫˡٶĶׯһͷţǲˡ
ǴڵʱһͷţæġûţǾ硣
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ȫѻǰ棬ǰ˵ţ󣬻ۣпܵ˺ûˣҪһǰŪһȥֹǰ
Ǭͺˡ
ҲǴũģȻʲôˣ֮ǰƳ磬ֻΪڵľڿӣ룬ǰһһţͿԸ㶨İôڻҪ˵֣
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ʱ򣬾Ȼ˴ڣ
⣬ϲ֮ɫ·˽֪
ţСɳƹ̸кˣ޼Ҳʽúҵˣ
ǬһԺӣȻŸ˵˵
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ǬԼĳЧң뵽Լ׽ǮЩС
һԸһԸƽ˵ˡ
ڻ˵һЩĻڻһᾡǮϴѺͺĿķãܹһᡣ
Ǭˣ۾һ
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ǮҲ̫˰ɣ
뿪˴ڣǬӶ£



763 ʡ

͸Աһ
ԵĶҪʮԪݷѶһǲģǶԼչǮˣҵһʿ԰ʲǾЩټʮԪĿݷֵˣŻ
ǬʱҲ
˶ĴѣֻʣһǮȥ̣ʱ׬Ǯ˭֪ܲܰǮ׬ˣ
׬㣬ǲ
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Ǭ˫ֱס嵵Ȼָס죬ϣһŤĹֵֹЦݣҪʼ̥ˣΪԺ룬ֻЦܳ
Ǭ⻰һȻĿǬ֡
СԱ˵ҪȥʱҪ׬ܱ˱Ǯ׬öˣ۵ĴǮֻҲûжˡҪǰڻ¶ˮϣϣβ˵׬ı࣡
ţС˵е
ǲе;ǵһΣʼҪͶʣһ׬Ͳˣƽ׬١ԺҪǴҶˣǬ̫ȴȻڳǲǱЦô
С˵ĶԣǺһڵ⣬𲽵ʱˡǬ˵Ҫ˼·γﵽǮΰѳɱˣ
Сµ˵ͷϣСǿڳսԵĿϣС²Ǭ
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ʲô취ĸܲ棬˴ѵأ
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ҲУԼǱߵǮڳＯ
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û뵽ô͵ʺˣǬ뵽



764 Ųá

Ǭĸȫģ»ʺҲ磡
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ʺ¶Цݣ˵ŶСӲǲʮ𣬾ȻôôǮᰡǺ
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ӣҪҪҲһԼһ⡣
֪Լ׳ǬֻܾۣҲûٶȥС¸ʲôʲôȥǳȥɢɢȥ
ٴׯȥׯֿƳֱԯ磬Ǭһ㶣˰ֱԯ磬ԯ磡
ˣһҪ
ţһȥ
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ӣҪǱǬ߹ġǬתۻȥˡ
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Ǭüͷϸһɷﲻŵú
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˵꣬һƿ˽ȥ
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װģɣ
ʱǬԸֽͱ
ֻҪԼȥֽͱʣһ͵͵ؽԺҷˡ
Ƿ룬ȴԸ뿪ȥֽʣǬԺȥ
˺ԺΪˮˤŽȥġȥǬͷ˵Ǹӵģһ飬ܵһߵķȥˣûǷ֡
ǷﻹǴˣǬȥ󣬷˿ǽȥ˵ˡ



765 ֱԯ硿

뵽쿴ӣϲһ졣
뵽˶ôˡ
ԼҲŮˣǽʮ䣬Ȼ֪Ŀˡ
ʦžͺܲ
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ֽͱʹװģģֽͱùȥǲóġǬʱӦǽ˺Ժ˰ɣ
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뵽һ졣
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˻в˽ȥײ˷˵ĺ£ԼһһҪԺſţ˽ȥ
뵽ɼᶨصһͷ
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ΪѾԺǬʱȻǸǰ棬ؿ磡
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Ĵ԰Ǭܹ˵ĳɾͣǻЩ
ⶫʶģǬһ߽⿪Ĳһʵ
Ĵӻûн⿪Ǹнݵ԰̲ס˵£Ǿûа¼Ļݲݶֹȴȫûʲôǲʶģ
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һǿˣҲʶⶫЦҪǽ͡
ȴǸʵĪ죬ʵ£Ǵ˴ߵĻƽ׵ժ׵
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ûⶫʵ֣סǬĪӵһͷ
⻰ԽΪ׵˲ĽؿĪӡĪȻƽ
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մĶô֣ƳûֲִûͲ֣Ϊ֮
ĪӲΪ̤ʵԼֵ飬Ų˵ʵʵ˵
ǸҪɿöࡣ
ţô㡣ǬЦЦ˵ⶫմֻǵһԼõѣܵ档
Ǭ˰֣Űֲˣ˵ĸ԰
˵ǴԼȥѡһֵء
Ǭߣһǰĸ˱ȱȻǬԱһЦ
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æֹǵıȱȻֻҪѡһ߽ǵͿˡ
һ߽ǣҵһ׼ׯڵ˾;ס
ȻǬֵһͣסˣûȫȥ
Ȼ֣ȴûǬΪʲôˣԱŪ˷
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ׯڣɶطܹܼʡ
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Ǭһ㶣ⶼ֪ûзùȻӽȥˣ
ǬЩա
ȴܹܼﲻϵĥ˺һ̽¶֮ɫ



771 мҡ

ܹܼǸмҡ
ʲôׯܳԣǺеġ
׽˰죬ﺬжٵ۶Գˡ
ʳǺ岻֪ͬǬݣǬԸףǶ飬˵־̫֡ȥʯͷǿܶᷢͬ
Ͳһˣ֪ǬݣԻ׽һж׵ֲֵ
ֲֵܲܳԵñ
ãǺׯڣܱӣ˵Ц
ֽӹǬϵİƺ̫ˣ˵Щ˺󣬵ڶĳҲֻˣȻְ
ţ㿴֣ʱܳԵˣǬͷ
һǬǺģٺٸмЦЦ
תͷ˿ԺԱߵתǣԭһéޣµĲѾˣһСƬյز߹ȥóͷ˲Ȼذȵȥ
ԭé޿˰Ͱˮ棬Ȼ֣Ǭȥ
Ǭʳӵ¡أڼһ־ͺˣЩ㶡
ҲǣҲʲôĶһ־ܻҪ¡˷Եˡ
ʦ˵ҪĽ磿Ǭʵ
£岻˵ǬԼˡ
ЦŵһͷӦǡ
˵Ĳ֮¹ܵĸĽ뷨
һ£ŲͣԾؿǬܵһȥһ
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Ǭɲʵʵ˵
˵̫ӣʱû뵽һеİ취ԻҪȥ
һ˵ͳǬҹڹ˼δѡ
жضǬ˵ʦˣû뵽㵹뵽ˡⶫֻº룬Ҫ뵽Ҳ뵽ˣʦŵ㣬Ҫ벻ͲҪˣҲˣ硣
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ͣһ£ǬʵʦҲŷ𣿡
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֮ңЩ˵Ļ˵ĻпǰãﳣһУǸΧЩ𾭡õθڵģ˲ŶֻУǲˡҲ֪ȥˡ
ĴУǬµһʦǸߴˡ
⣬һͷ嵱˷ˡ
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СǱߵݳˣһݳˣȥһʺǮˣǻ𼱻ǵؽȥˡ
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С˵ЩݵķúʲôĶǬһҵ棬ʱһеˮȨʺһٸǺġ
СóеȳǳصĴȨǬȥͻʺ̸ĺͬѾ׼ˣǬùȥֻҪʺһͷܰˡ
С»һ£ߵǮ赽󣬻ʺһǩͿ԰Ѵ޼ҵһ˵ˡ
ʺǱһҪ޼ҵ˵ļ롣Ǭϵ̫ʺ˴޼ңûǬˡ
Ǭ˵ͷ
Ҫ˵޼ҵ£ǾҪϴ͵Ķ
ǬӹСµĺӣȴһ㶡
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װȥʺ
Ǭǳ˳飡
СҲ֪ǬȻҪŪɿЦá
ôɹǬ˵˳
һʱ䣬СЩЦá
Ͳܵȸʺ󿴹˺ȥ
鶼ѾˣСǬȥʺ󿴿ˡ
Ǭεص˵ͷ
ȥ˻ʺȴʺô˶Ҫˣ̫
ԴǬԬƹ̫󣬻ʺÿ춼ġֻǽôôأ
ĸôô˻̫Ǭʵ
ʺûͣȴشǬ˵ˣ˶ܷϡ
ôǬһ㶣ȥһȦˡ
ʺһ졣
̫ˡǬ糯ʱƺ񲻺ãɣµʲôϲҲȥˡ
Ǭ˵ĸмҪġ
ʺһһϲµǬйں飬ֻ뵽İ취ˡ
һƣǲⶼüƳˡ
ǬˮĲֳǳشȨͻʺǮ˵˳ʺһߴ̫һ󣬲ɰ۾һ



772 ǩˡ

ǸֻҪһƣھô취ˡ
ʺֵˡ
Ǭļ۸ȴûˬؽܡ
еȵĳǳصĴȨҪҵ᣿ʺ̫ͣĶؿǬ˵
ʺɣǬûа飬ֱ׳˵ǵģĸǴǳص˵˵ǳҪϣĸᣬǺΧڣ
ţǬС¸ĸݣи˵˳ûʺû취
ǣ׼˲ŹİʺӹŮĲ˲ϵϸ˵
ᳰ
ǬΪ˵ǵģΪҪ׼Щݣ˵ĸˣҲûǰ͹ĸ˵
ʺЩǺܸˡǬǶ˼ˡ
ãġҲȥһY˵ǳǲ˵׬ǮҪ˵ĶٵĻߣʺ󾯸
Ǭ˵ĸ󣬲ȥˣҪǵβûдǳ׬ᣬôᡣ
ڣǬСµݺŸҿġȻҪ׬ᣬǬʱʽתˣʺǮֻҪҵʽӣͿˡ
ʺ̧ͷǬһۣ漴һͷ⵹ǲ仰ںͬдˣ
Ǭæͷ
ùͬʺ󿴡
ʺ˿һͷʾͬ⡣
ʽõ˺ˣҪ㣬ɲףʺ΢΢Ϊѵ˵
Ǭ⻰ûоΪѣ˵²£
ֻҪ⺣Ĺɣ⺣ĹɺҽȨˡǬ˴֣Ц
ʺһۣ˵֪Ǵ⡣Ȼ˵ˣǱͬˡ
ʺͬˣǬЩϲ
óһݺͬ˵ĸ׼õĺͬ㿴вУеĻǩˡ
ǽɷݵĺͬСµȻ뵽һͬ׼ˡ
ʺһЦصǬһۣȻӹ˿󣬾Ϳʼǩ֡
ǩˣһ׮ڸ㶨ˡ
Ǭһ˴ڵ顣
պúͬ󣬶Իʺʵĸǲʲô뷨
ţʺ̧ͷǬôô˵
Ǭ˵һЩںġ
ʺ۾΢΢ЩǬ˵ʲôˡ
Ǭ˵⻹Ǵڸҵģ˵Щ£ʲôŷޣ⣬ŷޱǻƽģҪܸźһȥǿһ鲼ȥһƽèۻǿɾ׬ˣ
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ȻǬֱָʺˡ
ȥ˭ĸôҪɢȥ⣬˻ûСǬָһԼ죬˵ҿû˵뵽ͷϣշҲҰΪĸҪɢȥġҾͲˣĸΪʲôҪɢȥ
˺ˣˣǱɢġʺˡ
ǰҲġǬ̯̯֣ҾΪĸҪɢЩϢרɢǼ֪ģҪĶĸһĸĺ
˵ûʺһͷʵ޼ҿˣ
ʺⶼµˡ
ǬٺһЦ˵ǰǴ޼Ҳµˣǲȷңһʵġ
ͻȻѹʵĸôᶯ˼Լһ˰㲻Լ𣿡
ʺǬһۣ˵˵ӣ˵Ҳ
˵˵˺֪پ֪٣ܱʲôֺ֪ʹ޼Һͺ̸ܳʱʲô¶֪ɣǬ޹˵
˵Ҳе
ʺ΢һ۾˵ڻûгȥ˭Ҳ֪ճôҪǿˣǿɾͻˡ
ԭʺĴġ
Ǳһ˰ˣּ㣬ôʱ˿ˣǿɾͿһҡҪСˣǻһصġҪҪѷոɳȥϼңһ
ԭ
Ǭͷ
ʺ˵Уңң޼ңǴƵĴңҵǮȥˣڴҵֻ¾Ҫˣǲ˿ռЩȥڴһȥ
΢΢һʱҪ׬Ҳ׬ıǶ࣬ҪˣǺǺǺǺǺǡ
ʺаЦˡ
Ǭ̲ס˼Ƥ



773 ԭˡ

ңң޼ңЩңƳĲţ塣
ʺͶںϵʽֻǺܶ࣬δһ꣬ûʼʧȥ˾ûԾ
ôʧȥ˾ûԾҪܵļѹ
ɲȳ͢ϵԸ⿴ġ
Ҫ취ѹһѹ
ͳһĺð취ˡ
һپ٣һ
ǬΪʺƽкá
˵ĸǴӦ޼ҵһ⺣ˣǬʵ
ʺͷ
ǾͺãţͿԺʹں˵ˡǬЦЦ
ʺƼˣ˵ĸҾô޼ӦǸѡ
ʺЦؿǬһۣߺŵİ
˵޼һֱ孵⣬Ҳͬںߵģǣôһܶĺž޴İǬ˵Ҹ㿴һҵı
ʲô
ǬڳĺӣŴ򿪸ӣ¶װ
ͺͺªİɳ˳ǡ
˳
ʺΪʲôҪ¸ġ
ǿªĶˣʲô
Сƽ׵Ǭʿˮ˵
ʺ֣ûӡʵʲôôû
ƽ׵Ǻ˵ʥǡǬѴڸĻƸ˻ʺˡ
˵ĳ֮ʺЩӡ
˿ªװЩŵʵ˵ƽ׵ǻӱ⡭
ָָװЩţ
Ǭεص˵ͷ˵ΪҾǴȥģ˵ʲôմҪܰЩ׸ֳⶫһèۣǴƿɾͷˡ
ףʺ´ʣʵ
ûƽ׵̫ˣҾⶫԽˡǬ͵ҰЩȻȥˣһ³ճɵӣһ֮󣬾ͿˡȻҪҪȥڲЩˣټˣҲԣǵʱһèۣҼžˡ
ȥˣ뷨ûʺЩʣҲȥƽǬøͺͺװˡ
ֻǷԸֳ󣬼ǵһ
ڴ޼ҵͣʺҲװеõϿɣ˵
޼ҿҪӴͰһ¡
õʺϿɣǬ˵ͷȴԼİš
ʱ뵽ʲôʵĸҪ뺣УǲҪͬѣǶᴬѵģⲻҪ𣿣ҸףҸ˵ʱи
ʺתת˵ǵģ
ŶãҾ͸̸һ̸ûʲô뷨
Ǭ˵󣬾ȥ
ص˶ţ˵˵¡
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ǮСµĲֿתˡ
Сæźͬȥ˳ʵŶһŬ
ǬȥϵڣʱԼԭľ¥档
磬Ǭڼ˴ڣǰѻʺͬ˼پԼĻת˴
ˣɸ
Ǭûм˵ôôǩͬһ׼⺣׼¶ٱǮ
ָʾ˵ᡣֻ˵Ķǲ٣
ãиףҼǵĸ˵һ¡Ǭ˵ͷ
뿪˴ڣǬص˹
ϣС»صǬѴڵ˼
С㣬ǮҪǼӵǵϣǸպõȥһִˡ
£ȥһʺ˵˵ҪͶǮᡣС˵
Ǭһ˵ͷ
漴˵˵޼ҪԼһʺǿɾҪᴬˣôľֻһˡⱾˣûˡڰأ
СºǺһЦ
ҹˣǬ嵽˯ʱһֱûС¸һ˯ʱǶôįôͲ˯أ
СһЦǲһ˯Ҫ̫ӵ¹ء
Ǭ嵺˱嵾͸ˣ¹ȥСɣ
˯ˣǬһۣ˵
嵺ǺһЦȻ۾
һ嵾ȵĺǬ֪˯ˣĵ´ȥˡ
Ǭչţ嵵۾ˣ΢΢һЦ
ʱǬһζˣѴζ·ѵˣȻ˴ס嵣˯˹ȥ



774 ϴѡ

᣿
ʺ۾Ǭʵ
ǰҵʽҪעʽѵĸ󻹶ҵʽ𣿡Ǭʵ
ʺҡһͷ˵ǵûСȻ㿨ʽ𡣲ʽ𣿡
İǮȻǸɾģǬЦЦ
ʺ󲻸ҪǬ˵Ǯ⡣
һ£˵Ҫȥ̸֪ô˵
Ŷֻȷһ£ȻҪȥһ޼һûãȻˡǬ˰֣˵
Ȼʺ΢˵ѾɳӴˣǸ˻ʶģšҵĶģĴ޼ңҪ껰ȥʼ̸ߣʲô⡣
Ǭ֪ʺ³ˣһڣ˵ĸ˵ʲôôǮӽҵѵͲҵǮҵǮӽͶҲǺġ޼ǱԸôҲǴ޼Ըġ
ȻȻβ¶ˣʺҧҧ¶һҪҧǬӣСӣ֪裬㾹Ȼ׬ǵǮ
Խ˵Խ֣סǬĶ䣬һš
Ǭҽһ
ʺ󻹾ò񫣬һš

֣ˣ֣Ǭæȶ䣡
˲иȣڰѶˣǺ͸ϣɲǺ¡
ǬǸҰ
裬ǲİǬʵ
ǲʾ䣬Ǹ̾䡣
ϻﲻˣʺߺһ
ôҵǮǬί˵ôҶšڳˣ
ߣģŸº֣ʺԼšԽԽˡЦЦ
漴˵˵⽻ѹ𣿺ãýˣ

ǬΪˣ䲻Ǳʺšʧȥ˹˰ɣ
ǿʺǱ飬Ծǰ
ûʺû˵Ĳýˡ
ãĸӢǬЦ
ɻҪġʺƵ˵һ䡣
仰ǬôоԾ
Ȼʺ˵ȥ
Ϊ˼ĸԺӽĹɶĸһӢľֱӽˣǽɷѣҲѡ
ף취Ǭʺ˵
û뵽֮ǰʺ˵ģɣȴʹˡ
ǬóɣǷǳģ˴ѣǸˡ
ʺ˵ȥ
ѣΪһϴѡڶлشѡ
ôŵǬû뵽ʺŪôϸЩ֡ǿŻʺǱ飬滹иʵݡ
²һ»ʺѵ˼ûףʵ
ʲôϴѣ
ʺԵõЦЦ˵ϴѣҪöǮٻϴҪȴٵķá
ǬһæʵҪ٣
ٷ֮ʮʺһָֻװ״деģܺÿúܺãȴһˡ
Ǭ˳죬ʮҪȥһϴѰҲ̫ˡ
ǬıǮᣬǧѣ֮ǰᣬˮ˲ˡ
áǬЦЦĸˡ
ǻʺװ״деĿɰָҡҡ˵ֻǮڵĳɶѣǮҪȥʣµǮÿһᣬҪӰٷ֮ĳɡ
Ǭˣʲô㷨
ʺָ߬һ£ǬͣᣬôǮ߻ϴٽǧѾͿˡ
ᣬոպãǧϴѡ
ҪᣬǮҪǧ⣬һᣬҪնӰٷ֮ĳɣǰٷʮһǧᡣôϴѣǧһǧᣬǧᡣ
ҪᣬǾǧᣬһΰٷ֮ĳɣǰٷ֮ʮģһǧĹᣬҪϴѣǧᣡ
ͬĵҪǰᣬǾǧһǧᣬǧˡ
ŻʺЩͣǬľġ
ļӷҲ̫ˡ
ʺתͷǬ˵ô¡㱾һǮСڲ˱Ķᣬ⻻˱ᣬǾּ˴޼ҵᣬӴӴýǮϴѰ
˵ţʺҪọ́Ǭһ㡣
ǬˣֻǱ֮ǰĴѻҪˣ
ѵʺղŸΪԭжԸǬİ취ˡ
ϴǱǮԽ࣬յԽ࣬ǰ˵ᴬǶˣģһּӷµģ
ĸҴһ£ǮҲաǸ˵һʲôлش𣿡ǬĨĨ˵



775 شѡ

Ȼ
޼ҲŸǮڻʺֻҪٷ֮ʮϴѡ
ǮӵǬͷϣǾҪٷ֮ʮǮˡǮòֵ
ǮӵǬͷϣҲϴѡ
֮ǰĴѣҼһǮѾͱˡǻʺһ任ͱǮӵԽ࣬ǮҲԽࡣ
Ǭټϴ޼ҵǮͷˡ
ǲհ
뷨ֻ÷ˡ
Ǭ˻ʺ취һ
˼ҪӽҵͶ
һҳᣬѵǮ١Ҫ̰Ĳ㣬ҪͶ̫ǮڻʺλЩǾͼӳɡͶǮԽ࣬潻Խ࣬ҪǹݵĻ˺ֻҪͶһҪһİٷְϴˡ
ʺ˼ˣϴѵķġ
֮ǰǬ˵ᴬѣֻǸǬϷġ
ǬĨĨ˻شɶӶ
ʺϴŽһֱûбЦݣƵ˵
شѣǻĳɡ
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781 ˡ

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782 ܸߵĻׯݡ

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785 ҡ

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¶˼֮ɫȵǬ˵꣬ѯʵ˵ŷ֮أػƽ·ĲûУǵĲͿȥǻƽˡһƥ鲼Իʮƽ𣿡
⻰ǬѸܽСƸ˳⻰˭˵İԭһ鲼ȥһƽèۻھ廯ˣһƥ鲼ʮƽǱٻҪ鰡



786 ּۻۡ

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ʱҲǬӸղŵĻʼڷĴԣΪǬҪĺϻ뷨
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789 ӡ

Ǯڣǰٷ֮ʮϴѡ
شҲʮڰٷ֮ʮ
ҪͶʾᣬˣͷֳݣôһһᣬȫֻٷ֮ʮϴѡڻشϸռһ²Сıˡ
ԭĹ涨ҵǮһˣǾҪİٷ֮ʮĵӰٷ֮ϴѡ
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Ҳ˵̫磡
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ֵܣñ̫ӲðˣǬ±ӣ˫ַϣ¶һ΢΢ı顣
ŵû˵ģҪ費õģѧˡǬȨ֮ˣҪǵ¶֮ɫžҪֳ֮ɫǬоԼĴڸС
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ǬĶ漴棬һСƺںڵĶ

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ȷʵǺӡ
ǿž֥飬Ȼ֥ŪԼ
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ھͲͬˣİǬũҵЩȦһţרоӪôƹʱ򣬾ͿȥϷˡʽʱ˳ȥһֻҲȫԵġ
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ˣһҲΪǬˣʵˣ뵽ʲô취
ѧԺũҵѧԺǬһЦ˵



791 ߺš

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ʱҲˣԼ˵Щ飬ҪԼĺţũҵѧԺ˳ݵذ



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ڶ糯ϣӱǬһʱũҵĹףʲôˮ糵ԯ簡Ϊ츣Щֻɳ͢һһε֯ȥƹ㣬֯һһΣһ֮ûкϷˣЧãõµķ˷ѵӦó͢齨Աר飬ԽһũҵѧԺǱġ
飬Ǻõġǵ˳͢Ҫ෽濼ˣ˲ŷ棬ж׳˵԰ѹũҵĹũҵѧԺһũҵѧԺ˲ˡǬķҲǺܲռµũ츣ũ
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⻰˼ũҵѧԺڳ͢ƣϳ͢Ҫ󣬵ʲôôǬ˵ˡоӪȨֵӣƹҲյǮǮͽũҵѧԺԼˣϽ͢
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ŸѧԺѧԺǴ½ģǮ࣬ʱҲΪ˼ӿʱ䣬򵥵Ū
ŸѧԺǱȷžֻҪԼĽˡ
ҪһֳɵĽôͿʡȥһǮһʱ䡣
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һǬ⻰֪ǬȱǮˣ
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ΪԼҲǮ
˵ҪֵҵİܼϣԴȥǬĺ̵ȫͶˣͬʱҲڿǮȥˣҪǮȴץˡ
Ұܼﷴ˰ܼ⿪ź顣



793 ũϲ

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795 ֣ҷҡ

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ͶǩԼܹжʮңյʮᡣ
棬ң֣ңңңҼҵǮʮᣬʣµʮңŴղʮᡣ
ʺʱҲо˱ˣųϢͶˡ
ǬڿǣʺͶǮô࣬ᳬǵʮᡣ²ҲʮͶʮᡣ
ڼӽʮ޶Ǽʺķݶֻͼˡʺ֮ǰ׼ܵ޶ĳװ°
֪ʺôģû뵽
˵ĸôû뵽ʺмذǬһۡ
⻰Ǭ֪ԼĶˡܺʺ׼ʲô
˺󣬻ʺƵ˵ǱߣѾҴˡ
ң
Ǭɴ۾һԭĶңңҲ̫˰ɣ
ҴŴƵ߰ʮֵĶȥ˷ޣŷޣ⣬⣬⡭ֻܰЩĴ½һ˰ɣ
ǬĳԾı飬ʺȴԵúܴߺ˵ʲô
Ǭʵû⺣ϵޱȵģôǮȥҪһ˸ιˣЩν˺ˣǻЩͶʵҸ޸˰
뷨ǬĴ̫ˡ
ʱ̲סһԼԼѹ
ͣʵĸҪǡ˵磬ҪǴںϳأ
Ϊʺ϶˺Ǳ׬ɲŸҳôıǮģû⴬гʱˣض¶𾪣֮ɫ
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ǵģûС
ɫһ¶ûС
Ǭ۾һգգؿһΪԼ۾һǻˣգգ۾һˮ֣ûпʺɫһ¡
㲻ȣǬֽһˡ
ʺ󲢲ǷӦٶ٣ʱɫܵ˵ĸ֪
֪
Ҳǣĸˣôûأ

ʮᡭǬָȫſָڻʺǰ˻Ρ
ʺֵĿ֣˵ĸ֪
˵仰ˣǬ֣ĵô¸ң
ʺЦؿǬ˵˵Ҫ⴬ˣôʮᣬû˶Բԣ
Ǭͷ
ʺϼЦݣ˵Ļȴǿ˵ģ
ˣǵǮûˣҵǮҲûˡãǱҪ顣
ǬĸһɣʺҪ⣬ҪŪı
ҵı
ҪŪıҲø˵˰Һ׼ԼǮ͵˰
ĸ㲻ᵱİɣҿ˿ڻԼΥԼҽǬˡ
ʺϼЦǬһ£
еһ㣡
Ǭˣ˵ƨʮᣬһӶ׬Ǯ˵滹д˼ҵһأҪŪˣҰǮó˼ٳòã
˭˵ҪŪˣʺֵ˵
ǣ
ǬһЦʵ֮ǰǿЦ԰ɣ
ûЦʹ˳벻Ŀǡ



799 㡿

⻰Ǭּˡ
˭ʱ򣬶᲻Ϊ׬һ⣬ذԼңȥˡ
Ǭȥ׬Ǯн˴Ӽȥ׬˴ҪģˣСӴһ࣬ǬеӪȨ˻ʺ󣬽һǮЩǬĴ󲿷ֲƲˡ
ҪﱻʺŪ˴ˣǻˣ
ĸлú˵ȱ𼤶
㼤ˡʺ󵭶˵
Ǭ촽Щ£˵úãҼ𼤶˵һ˵벻ô˼ͽͣ
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˵굹һǬ
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Ǭ˰뱭󣬿Ľ͡
˵Ҳ㣬һõĴһĴ㣡
Ǭһͷ
ʺ˵õĴ㣺õģȻܲ⣬ܰŷǱߵĺöᵽ׬ʮǮǷǳ
Ǭͷð
׬ǮǺõòٺˡ
ʺ˵Ĵ㣺˵ĳҲпܵ飬ҪһСĸˣǿô죬ǼҴ󲿷ֵǮư
ԭʺйĿǣʺûäĿ
˵Ҫ㣬ǼҵĸǮǼңûжӰ죡
Ǻν⣿Ǭˡ
̫ӣҪѧϰԺι֮ǼǻʼңҪǹ¡׬Ǯ˵ʺﳤضǬһۡ
Ǭûס
㸸ͷ۵ģǹǼңгļңӰ쵽˳͢ھϣҵϸźܴӰ죬㸸һֱ취ǵʵһ˴ôҪǳˣضǵʵ˴ãӶǡһͻ㸸ʣ͢һܺõãӶһƺӶЩ
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Ǭͷ
ҪǴԼŪ𣿡ǬЩ뾪ǵʡ
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һϲһǡ
ʺЦ˵ǼҵĲƸˣǼһ𣿰ⷨǻʼҲ̵ܼ㹻ĲƸҪǼҸôǵĲƸҲܰǸ
˵ˣҴȥˣôҲҪһܻһʱ䣬㹻͸ˣ
ǬϣڵʵҵҲܳˣˮúˮ࣬ΪģٷչôС
ҲǣǬĲƸȻֽ𶼸Ͷ˴ˣˮúЩǮĸôࡣ
ʺĻ֪ʺںϵǲж翴޵׶һ㡣
ǬӻʺȴûʺЦ˵ˣˣҿû⡣
֪˻ʺߵĴ㣬ǬҲûȥˡ
˼죬ǱߴϢֶҴ󴬣Ϊ˺ӷҹˣ֮ǰװûĴ˺ݣҴҲװú󣬾һＯУŴ½ߣǸطȥͨףӡֱɷ޺ǡ
󴬸ƳĹһС𺳣ڰ˵ҲǶһ̸ʡ
رǶҴ󴬣Ҷˣң湻ôҴĶ˳ȥˣǵöٰ
Ǭһ죬Լ˹СԺǹ֮£Ϊ鲻ţȥһңĺ󣬴˸Ƿ˵ҪȥԺ˯
Сܶµ˵ŵġ
ǬҪЧǼ˹űڴϹˡ
󣬾Ź˵Ҷ̸顣
ŵײ̸߲ôУôһ
ǬЩЩһܾԼԭһ߲ˣں͹һص˵ײݣ˵Щ顣
ܹŹֵĸо
ӹܸо󴬴Ӱġ
ţ󴬻ǹҡ˰
ˣ˵ʲôˣ˯ĲǴ𣿡ǬĻ
⻰ּˣҪ
һΣɲϴһﵽĶϡ
һʲô󴲣ûҼǸ𷴲ҼŪһôԼСԺŪһ
⻰˵Ǭһ㶣ûСԺ˯ȻῼҲһڱʳǾͳˡ
Ҫǻش𲻺ãôҪˡ
ҪǻǬ̫ݲᱻڳԼͳݲˣԼСԺŪƭģôԼҲƭģԼںͬˣҲΪƭȡɫٲȻһƭˡ
⣬ɾ͹ˣ
Ǭϵıװûһ˿仯⻹ƽʱڹװϰ˵ľ飬ϲ춯Ҫ춯ô͸ӻˡ
ﶼһ¯ҪھϣѵҵĿҪǬƤʡ
ɹرת˻⣬ҸһЦȻ󱧽һǬ壬˵ͷʾ
ɹȥǬŽԭ򣺡ʵڹʱ䳤Ҳûгʱ̡
Сʣôˣ
ڻׯʱ͵ܹȥģܼҲһֻ۱һֻۡǬν˵
⻰ڹĶȴ̲סظжˡ
һʮĳŮԣԸ˼άѾȶˣԼűˣǬͣŶ٣Ǿֻй֪ˡ
ǬҲЩףתˡ
ָָ꣬˵⼸ֿʼˣûû˵ģ
ǰÿʱ򣬾ͻһֱꡣǬϲ˲䣬˵ŪҲʪʪģ
ô࣬᲻Ӱ촺Ǭʵ
˵ͷ˵ģˮ̫ãͻỵ磬ڶҪõ軧ǰˮŪһЩ
˵μˮǱĵطµøﶼ˲ˣҪȥֻ½ճҪˣ
Ǭ˵ͷϲɵ
ȴû뵽ӣ˼죬ûû˵ģǬڹﶼˮ͵żˣôׯʲôģ
뵽ǬΪ
ҹﻹûбʲôģҪһҵڹȥյģǿɾͻˡ
Ǭص֮˸ᣬͣ
Ǭæһеȥ
ȥ˻ׯȻһƬﶼˮͬһƬһ
ׯֻǸСɽ£Ҳ·ˡ
Ǭ˼һ



800 ԡ

¡
Ǭǰȥʱһȵ
Ǭ˳ȥȵ
һ£ǹŴ¡֪ȥʲôˣȫʪģһҲ֪Ǹղû¸ϣ̫¸ûãֻһˮˡʱǲ˼ˡ
Ǭֻ˰֣Ȼ޲߹ȥ
ôˣӵǬǰ棬ְϵˮһѡҲ֪Щˮˮĺˮ
Ǭָָׯڣʵׯϵ˶û°ɣҿǱһˣ
·ģ·ģ⻰æǬģ˵ǼûסڴﵹҲû˵ˡׯԴˮ೧󣬽ˮ¥̨ȵ£ܶӶˮӹˣһЩͷ˵㶫ˮ೧ˮ½˼̵ˮ෿δûмӰģƽƽشڼû飬һƵ͵ģˮͽҵģᵽ˴Ժסˡ
⻰ǬԻׯ΢˵㡣
ׯǱָָʵ֪ñ𣿡
æͷ֪ѾǱߵ˶뵽ˣҲûж¡
ֻҪһû˵ĻȴһϢ
ı꣬ׯߵӶŪˣôׯǱߵɾ͸ˡȴû뵽ôֵׯԮֵ֣˸ӹˡ
֪Ǭʲô˵ׯǱߵĵƱߵĵһЩ͵Ҫߵö࣬Ӳס˵ҲࡣҵԺӵƱطߣԹ˰һûסĵ軧ҵǰԺסˡ̫̫࣬ҲãҿߵŸѧԺţȹסˡʳ棬ӹһׯٰһ㣬Ӧܰùδꡣ
⻰ֻǰڵ˵ǬƽĻ㱨ȴǬҪ֪Ϣ
ļҵƸߣûбˮˣһ֯ʳõġ
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Ǭʲô۾ͻȻסˣǰС߹ˣһϤӰŻɫȻ·ʪģȴʧǷٸķϡ

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˵ǱȽۺģƽʱ˵одԡԵúˡ
ǬǸ󺺣Ҳȥ
ֵܣôˣѵʲôĵط𣿡ĵʵ
ȴλֵܰ˰֣Ĩһѱ飬˵Ҵ鿴˶ãлׯ˰ﻹʲôģֻ뵽Щˮ磬һһʹҲ֪ҪµʲôʱͣҲ֪Ҫˮֻͣµʱ綼˸ˣʱʲôûˣ
⻰˵ҶũҼǵľһĶˡ
˵ҲĨ
⻰ҲȻˣȴûκΰ취飡
ңҲҪޣû¾ͺã֡ԼĨһᣬȰ
軧Ҳûа취Ƕû˵ĨĨᣬͷȥԼġ
Ǭ˵ףǲԵģ
ʱҶǬͻأһ˶˹



801 ˮ

⻰ʲô˼
ﶼˮˣϺĺƿ֪⼸껹ͣˮܾȵã
˵ĲţЩäĿǬˡ
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ͼֽϵԭ˵³ʦǱȽġ
³ʦ˺ĵԭϣľļѹأ͹ظ³ʦԼˡ
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ﻹ֪̫ȥʺ˵һ˵Ѿ˵ġ
ˣȥһ»ʺ󣬺󡭡Ǭ˵һ룬͸סˡ
ǰŮ˴סˣߣǴú嵣СɵС£һߵϣŴСè涪ʯӵĺ㡣
ǸĸﰡǬڨЦһ£ҡҡ֣к
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ǬӺף˹ȥߵ˻ʺǰ棬ʺ־˹ͬһһ㣬һֱ꣬ǬĶȥ

һ˽е
һĶ˷˵һֱš
潵¹ĸϱ죡



802 ԡ

⼸죬Ǭ˵ĶǺˣһ㲻׼ٳȥˡ
ͬʺˣʺſڵӵǬſڡ
ʺ󷢻ˣҪǬҳȥǾֱӰǬȥ
ĸߴ󣬿𷢱ۣϳһĿȻһ۾ܿƳˣǹɲˣ
ţĿⲻǶ˹˾ǰˣ
ͲԼˣܺùͨƳˣҪȥûš
ӲҪȥӲأˣֻĻǬȥˡ
Ǭһ߸пƳǷڶˣһܰڸˣȻʹԼһ˽˳ڵʳ塣
òֵŷˡ
Ǭļ껹һ죬Ͷ϶ˡ
ֺ׵ĵڶ죬ӽ˹ׯϵǬ
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Ѿȫؼƴװˡ
ʱ˵ѾˮˣѾ˿ʼˮˣˮׯ
Ϊׯϵﲻݻˣ׳ĵ軧Ƕϳϵذˮȥ
ȻˮѾǵúܸˣߵˮǺܴģˮˡ
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ׯһϼŵǸˮ糵ڵȻúˮˡ
ҵˮÿ࣬ׯׯһˮ鵽˹ȻǱߵ˰ѹˮ鵽
ׯߵˮҲԷǳٶڽ١
һϢǣׯϵ˿˻ׯׯˮĽԼׯϵﱻˮţ۵òˣǵׯͻׯҪˮһá
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Ҳˮ̫ˣûãׯ³ʦһƴװˮˮȥá
ţòǰǵˮǮǬӽ͵
Ӧǣʾ˵Ҽ̫ӵľûʱǮڻׯýõġ
ǬӸӵ⡣
߻㱨˺󣬻ص˻ׯǬ˵Ļ˳ȥ
ǰǮ
ׯˮң
⻰һׯΧ˶ȫ̫ӵµĺá
ׯϵĵ軧ˣһӸоԼڻׯ¶еоԼݶ߹˼֡
ǻû֪е̫ӵ£Ǹȥׯʦ
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ˮһһ˺ܸߵﱻˮˣҪȥׯˮ
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ӦЧӦˮԽԽ
ܿʹ˳͢Ĵ󳼵Ķˡ
ӱ仰۾ˡǰò糯ϿǬȻ˵ҪһũҵѧԺַһˮˣ˵Ǭһǳ˲ˣΪĺ̫
糯ϣӱ׼ǧֵۣڳİٳˡ
ǧ֣ҪдС˵ˮһˮˣҪдС˵һζԻˡǿӱǧ֣ǿǲ򵥡
ӱдģᣬÿֶŨģǧ֣ǿʵʵģɻϢǷǳǿġ
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ڴǬһЩʵɵĴҪƹЩˮΪµˮˣ⼸糯ϴǶξֵ飬ˮˣó˼֮ǬˮҲһεļӳЧ
£ҲһԽ˵ĹԱվ˵ׯϢˮ̫ӷģǻׯϵһʦģ̫Ϊһô̰ûķ˺أ
⻰Ǭһ°ۡ
˻ǳˡ
ǰͲ˭⣬ȰˮŪȥ˵̫ӲǷߣֻᵢ顣Ҫ֤Ĳ̫ӷģôҪ֣Ҫõˮǲ̫
˵Ǭ̫ӣ˵׼ô̫ӵˣͲˣսĽˡ
Ȼ鶼ûе֪ׯʦǬ˵̫ˣǳ˵Ľࡣ
ǬЦһ£ֶ˵
ʣΪ²ʺڴʱۡ
Ǹȴˣ˵̫Ӵ˻ӣ˹֮ŵ⡭
Ǭͷ˵λǣ
ΤǸɹٺ˵
ãλΤˡǬûʱְŰЩϸġ
ΤΤɹپ
úãҲˮǲҷġã㲻ҷģڻȰʱøֵȥ˵ǹ˵Ǭã˵
⻰һõ˲ٵĴǵ̫ͬͣԽԽԴΪˣã
ǸΤԱȴǲã˵˹һ˵ĳţο̫ӵǹ֮ȺҪⶼð죬ǹ
Ǭ˵ˣΤԱһֱ׷ŲţǬˣԱҲˡ
ʱԱߵĹԱҪ˵ˡ
˾úܣֱǬǬһ
ǬźܲǳˣѵʱˮˮӦø˲ǰȻܳ˵Լð칦ˡԼã㲻ģ˰ɣȻǸ޵ӣǬƵģ˵ùҿƢˣҲܲ
һֱú˵ǬɫҲһ䣬Τȵ
㹻ûУ
ҪҪ˵ģׯӣյضˮţûôٵˮãǰˮֻ˵ʲôˮķߣҶ˵ˮ㲻ҷģø۾ֵģ㾹ȻһֱŲţʲô̬
ãڸ㣬ׯǸʦңûб㵽ׯȥ鿴һ£ûʵȥ鿴ͱʺ
һƢĴٶǬˣš
ǸΤԱǬˡ
ΧĹԱˡ
Ҫ䳡ʱΤԱ͵˵̫̫ӻ˵˵ˮ㷢ΤĳׯҲڻׯҲǽ˻ׯˮˮɵ硣



803 Τ

ЩԱһЩ
ֻΤԱ˵
ΤĳׯϣȴǴδȥׯӣ˵ˮׯϵʦðҹģֻڶڻׯΤĳܶʦö˵ķ䵽˵ͷϣ
Ŷԭô£
һΪܱˡ
ܶԱѯʵĿǬߡ
ǬᲱӣ¸ֵġ
ⱻʺšĶ仹ûȫأ˵£
λΤˡǬ˵
һֳˣΤϵļ˳飬Τ
ðɣΤˣҿȷĸ㣬ǸʦңҪȥׯ鿴Ҳԡǹ˵ȰøֵǡҴӦ㣬Ҫ˵ˣ鵽ʦң糯ָ֤ңҲʽصǸ
Ǭ˵
Ǭ˵λΤԱҲԥˡ
ǵ˵ͷӦ
ΪϷҲûзʲôǬûзʲôʵʵĽǬ
³󣬿ӱǬһΤԱôô£ѵ»ȥ˵Ķɣ
ӱ˵˰죬ЩĵʵǸʦɿ𣿡
ҲΪǬ̫ӻȥׯϷʲôˮԲ̫
ӣҾǷˮˣһҾȥׯһǬ˵
ӱ⻰ǲ̫ˡǬʱҲ׼ȥׯ
Ҫߣȴ̫˵ʺֻȥʺˡ
ǰʺšǬĶ仹š񫣬һпվǬȥ߶䡣
ȥҲһ߶˰죬ǬĸĹˣʵܲ˻ʺ߶ˣ´Ҳҷˡ
˵˰󣬻ʺŲ˼ػ˸⣬˵󴬵顣
㹻Ǯװ
ΧػƷҴ󴬸ˡ
˰죬ǬСĵ˵糯ʺϾǬģ˵
ǸΤԱǺ޲ήˣֱܹܡ
ʺйˣǬСΪ֤ԼҪȥʺһˡ
ҲЩˣûˣӦǿԳȥ˰ɣ
ʺ˿죬ԥ˺һǬ˼ڸͬȥ
䣬˺һ˺һ䣬˵ǸΤĹԱ³ֱӻؼȥˡ
ûҾڻׯһҪؼȥҲ˳·ȥһʦȷһԼĶ˲̫ӱˣȥ̫ӵ
ȻҲ뵽̫Ϊ˶ԼĿڣ᲻ŪʲôķǮвļˡѾ˾ˣвļˣҲҪҷ̫ӵµð֮ҪᶨάԼһƬׯӵĶ˵Ĺͣ
Ȼ˼ңͼ˵һ飬мֵܳΣգҰԼľǣҪ׼
Ȼ󲻹ܼ˵ܣȥ˻ׯˡ
˻ׯסһڲˮˮĵ軧ˮǲʦ˷ġ軧һĺʵĺףͷ˵ǰǰǶʦˮеþȰȻﶼˮˣ
ţõԼҪĴˣΤԱׯ룬ʡ
ÿһˣ֪һˮʦģûһ˵̫ӷġ
Τ⣬ô࣬㹻ˡ
뵽̫ӵµ޳̶ܳȣûҪһʡ
ݣˮ˭ģԷ˵ʦͼ˵̫ӷģ
ȻһʳԷֵؿȻ˵ֻʦģ˵ǲ֪˵ǻׯĶ̫ӵġǾûһش˵̫ӷġ
ΤԽԽ⣬϶ˣ̫˵ˡ
ˮȻ̫ӷģλΰʦġ
Ѿ֤ˣ뿪ҪȥҵλΰĶˡʦ׿˵̫ȥõ±
˼Σˣûһ֪ʦȥˣΪʲô֪Ǹʽ
ʦǴˣ̫æˣڲ֪ȥæˡ
ΤЩˡ
ʦׯϵ𣬻ȥˣһׯʮ˶֪
ΤԽԽ֣˻ׯĶ֣ʦ֡
ûѴʦָ˻ׯĶˡ
ʦԴӱнׯܸӺΪֲЩͷ˶ΪʦǻׯĶˡ
һׯ϶˭֪ĵ軧˵ʦ֣㣡



804 컯ա

ʦֺܸˡ
ʲô£
ΤСλʦ֣ǰΤׯׯΤĳΪǰܻڻׯ̨ˮˮˣл˵ˮׯϵʦģǰɣ
ʦ⻰⣬Ժصͷ˵ǵȻֻׯϵĴʦֱ죡
ǣǣǵĴ˰Τͷ˵ⲻʦġ
˭˭ô󵨣ʦּˣһҪÿ˵ļƣ
Τѹһ£侲Ȼ˵ʦֵܣȲҪǳ͢ɹ٣糯̫ӵ˵ǷˮˣˮĹ̫ӵµġҾһʴĲģ
⻰ʦϴ˴ľȻ˵ˣ
ʦһηŸʱ֪Ǭ̫ӵˡ
⻰Ȼ֪ôˡ
֪һ£Ҫθ˵һˡ
̫ӿ˵ˣܰݸ¶ȥˡʦܹׯô㣬ϣ
ôȾԼľأ
ܼ˵ǣʦġׯĶǵµģ
ʦֶԼλ⡣ţ̫пڲˡ
ΤʦּĻȴ˼ᶨ
˼Ҳģʦģ̫ġ
һҪ˵ؾֽкˡ
һʣˣûʧ̬
ΪʦǶ֣ôӦ֪ʦȥ˶԰ɣ
ʵ֪ʦֵܣʦȥΪһֱҲˣɷһ¡
ʦ۾һС
룬ʱֵׯ˳ׯķ˳
ǣһģʱΪˣŷ˿
ʦӵģ۾ԿϷɵĸӵëɼ۾ж⣬ļۣŷ֣ڷſֵһ̣ܼҵָڷһ¡
ܼʱһ£ϸһ˿Σ
ܼһۣȻȶʵת뿪ˣȥׯ
ʦְһŮ
ʦֵ˵ʲôΤûֵʵ
ʦæ˵ûУˣôǹŮأŶʵ˵ܼǱߣׯϵһ֣֪ʦȥȥʰɣ
ãҡʦȥΤŴʦˣֵʵ
ʦǡˣˣһƬƲʡˣӰΤҡҡ
Τ̾ʦߵˣˣ
˸պԼ󻹴еǰ棬ϻõ΢ЦЩɵֵʣܼҡ
ûѡ
ٽУܼң
ˡ
һ̧֮ͷΤϳˣֵʵ㲻ΤׯΤ
Τȭ񣺡ΤĳǵŵлģڻׯϽˮܶڻׯʦ
лģͷΤȥʲôûԱǲ̫ûˣ
ΤӵĶĿŪһ㶣漴׹ʲô˼ˡ
æͣ
лǸպ·лģ
⻰˵ãӷҪƵģ
֣
̫ӵ´ʴ壬˵֮ʱӦԴԮ֣֮շģ
ȻЩˮǼһׯĴǻۣġ
ΤæӦǣ
ǣǣ̫ӵʵǣʵǡ
ʱպ˵̫ӵ£̫ӵ½Ϊɲܡ뵽⻰ʦ˵ģ̫ӵĻôҸм˰ɣ
뵽ӵΪʦί
ˣмҪһܼҡˮʦĶô֪ʦʲôط𣿡
ѸղŶԴʦʵĻһΡ
üͷšֵؿˮʦģʲô
Ϊĳ糯̫ӵ˵ˮ֮£ĳ֪ˮʦ̫˵ĳʦ֤Τ˵һ룬о֣ôڻׯſΧôˣǡ
ֻղһӣʱЦ۾аΤ
ΧĴҲЦĿ͵
ЩУдʦ֡
ûЩ˾Ǵʦָġ
̫̽ӵϢˣǺ
ȥܼңܷһǴʦֵ
Ǵʦ뿪ֱȥ˷žˮ೧һŵʿ׳
ҪʲôΤԾʵˡ
а˵֪̫ˡ
֪̫࣬һ䣬ȻҪˣ
Τɫһףɣׯ˶ħ
ӽ°
ΤʵʱӺһ׳ΤΧ£ƣΤﺦˣЩˣ
뵽ѵЩ̫ӵ°źɱ
뵽Τ̫пܣ뵽̫ǸСˣ飬Ӧ
һ£ȴôҲסġ
ԽΧԽһӺӣ˺ƵĺҪʲô
ʲôһʵΤ˺ƵĽй
е׳һ£漴ûٶΤаΧ֮ƣҲæȥϴ֮ɫ
ǬվȺ⣬ֵؿʲô
һ˺ƣܼ˵֣ʵмŸ̫ʲô
ûǬΪһ̫ˡ
ֻ̫Żᷢ
ôô׳Χһ̫࣬ǬǱˣȺ׳һ̫ϵ˰ɣ
뵽ǬȫļƤˣ
̫ˣ
ʱӴȺܳǬ뵽ѹһݵ̫ϣ̫һֻ˲ӵĹһɴ˸ս̫ˣ
ʦĵǬ밲
Ǭ˰벽ȻɫŹָ֣졣ʵ
컯յģ⣬⡭
Ļһתɸֵ˵ҪҲҪҸ䰡
˶סˣ⻰ʵǵĶ˵ʲô
Ҳֻ˵ǵ˼Ǭࡣ
Ƿ㶣Ǭ׼ǣ뵽һ£ʵˣһΤɹҪң˺ôû֪ﲻ
Τ
ֶǬдˣӵû뵽ǸǸΧˣǶǬҡҡͷ
ûУˣҰǬ˵
£⣬Τ⡭һɳƵڴǺ
˵ֽ
Ǭ֣ȥΤ󺺸סˡ
Ǭ󺺱Ȼһ£ôúõΤأ˵Τô
°ŬŬ˼ԣҪҲܹׯϵ׳
ǣǣʵ̫ҷˡΤί˵



805 衿


ΤﾹȻʣǬʵ˹컯֮£ղķһ˺ߵ飡
ΤǱĿģӵĿζɸеʧ
ҪΤòôݣǼһһӵĻǻ˵ùȥǲӷΤ⯌ζʵ̫ʧˡ
£ҡΤƺҪ״ǻճڣͱ󺺸סˡ
Ǭ²ˣǶֹˣôҲҪ˼и״ĻɣھȻ˼ҵˣҲ̫ˣ
ʲôǬָ
Ӻ޺޵ضΤһۣЦǬ˵ʦҪҴݣǱסˡ
⻰һǬһ㶡
˰ΤԼ֤Լʦɫģô˳Լ̫Ҳ
Τʵ
Τ˵ʲôʦ֣һ£ͷֻһѣעطǬʻϡͱţֻͷǬ˵㡣
Ǭ뵽糯ԼԼģٿһҲˡ
˻֣˵ˣǰſ鲻
ŶΤ˵Ϲˣ
С˵һʲôʲôý̫ӵ¡
Τһ㶣ûס
ӦǷ㣡Ǭв
Τһæͷ
ŷſ
ΤõɺЩµ뿪һȺ󺺼룬ȻǬʵҪ㣿
ԱߺٺһЦ˵ʦ
ʦǷˮʦšΤ˵⣬¶ܵı飬ٽ衭
ͷұǡǬһۣ˵
ΤţΪһ˴ͨƭġ
ֻҪҴңȥׯһ߾֪ˡǬɢˣȻתȥ
ӱڣǸߴǿ׳ǸǬû뿪岽֮Զθ
Τ㶣漴ȥ
Ǭһ£ֲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôãرƺղ̫˵˵ʵݣֶǬ˵ǴʦɣԲ㶡
һ£ʵǴʦ
Ǭͷͷ˵㲻ŵػһ¾ͿˡǸղ˵ˣ׼˵ҵʵݡ
Τͷ
Ȼһ£Ǭ֣ص˵ǸҽΤΤ
ǬЦǹŻȥ֣˵ղŲӦ𣿡
ΤһˣȻҪǬ
ʱһũ̧һˮǬǰʱʦˮˣô죿
ʦ
Τæתͷ˿ũǶǬ˵ġǬʱҲشũ
å֣ȥҹܼҰţɲģ
ũȴһûбһЦִںڵָǬ˵㣬˵ʦûȰ
˵̧ˮˡ
Τũ뿪ıӰ˵̫ȻˣΪǬǴʦˡ
ΪǬǹⰲһĻģǸϲǹⰲһϷġ
ǬѾǰȥˣæ׷ȥ
ߣһϸ﹣ϣĴҵӣȴǬ̫ûУʵ̫ûˡ
Τһũ뵽ʲô۾һȻæߵũǰ棬ЦװƵӣʵλ
ũ̧ͷѺӵΤͷϣûæ𣬽ʲôУй
Τίú˵ҽ㣬ǽй
踺ص˵㣬ʦأ
ũһ̧ͷΤһǬվԶʦȻ˵ʲôʦ۾Ϲˣũ˵Ϲ˲ɣ
ũˣǰѿˮġΤоԼһ꣬ˡ
ũһϵɣת磬ΤЦõغϣղŶֻŴຢӣûʦ˰
ǬЦŽӹеӣƨ࣬ȥҲǺı㣬ѹӱ˶޵ġ
һããȰ
ǣǣӦǬĻ漴ɫһ䣬ߵ˵޲ܳ裬ղ﹣ڿˮˮŽˡ
ԭô£ڴҶˮȻרƻҲǬˡ
֣ƨɳһ£ô򣡡



806 ˷ۡ

ѿ޵۽еӸũǬߵˮԱߣϴϴ֣뿪ˡ
Τסˡ
ղ﹣ũӦòǬͨõԱɣôһ´ʦԱߵ̫ʦӦòϳİɡ
û뵽ǣԱũȻ̫ӾǴʦ
⣬⣬̫˼ˡ
ѵ̫ʦ
˻ʲôѵǷ𣿡ũ
ΤһæǬȥ
Χûˣæʵ£ǡ
Ǭִ˵Լ۾Ͷ䣡
˵ճȥѲһȦׯӣ˿
¶ˮûһܵʧǬǳˡֽΪ꣬ѹֽ̫׸ɣԲһӽࡣ
ˮ೧Ĳֿûнˮúûмʱ͹Բͣˡ
ܵ˵
ǬΤһ·ˣõһۣǬǴ˵еʦΤоǳ֡
ֵʱһɫٸ˹Ǭϲõػ֣档
ǽ˭֣ͼǬͬ˰ڡ
ٸ˵߹ͼٸԼһ£漴Ŀڵʦ˰λͬΧׯӣҪлˣˮĺܺã
ˮ𣿡Ǭһͷʵ
صһͷ˵ţˮ鵽ȥˡ
˵ʱΤڴŹһׯصׯӣԼһѸ֧ׯʮ˷¸ĵ͵󣬼˶֪
Τ£ϳׯˡ
ڸղ˵軧˵ǬǴʦǲ̫ŵġ
˵Ͳòˣ
ׯķˣΤվ˳˵ΤǱߵİ⡭ʶ
ָһǬ
𲻺ڱǰ¶Ǭһϵͷ˵ǵģηˮΧ˶źܴİҸպþۼˮӣȻ֪ˣ
˵󣬹ǬԼ¶ǻһ֣뿪ˡ
ߺΤŻعɫؿǬ
ʱΧûˣСʣ
£Ǵʦ
ǬӣɽһɾĲݵ
۾ľͳˡǬƵ˵ղһǻҸׯϴͨõĶ԰ɣҪȫׯӵ˶ݵôã𣿡

΢£Ǭν˵
Τ⻰һȫׯӵ˾ҪͨҲû취ȫݵô񣬸ׯķҲһͨˣʱ׹ǬǸˮˡ
뵽ԼҵĶ˾ǰ̫ӣɼ
ر뵽֮ǰԩ޴Σ
£Τĳʵǲ֪¾Ǵҿ˵ʦ³ͷΤĳΤܺڵ˵Τĳ糯˵̫ӵ£̫ӵ¡
˺ˣ¡õ𣿡Ǭһۡ
Τһæ
Τº󣬼ǬԭˣҲط£ŶǬ˵ĸмԽԽˣʵǬЩס
ʵһǵľٶ
ǬֻðĻɶ߷磬һ߿ɽѾظ͵軧ľɫžһܰ
Τ˵һѺû֮˵ҪдۣȥϵĴǰǬϴǬ
ǬǿӦŰߡ
ׯǬЩҪȥɶɶǿӱڸں棬;òԾˡ
Ҫȥɶɶǲ׼ڴ߰
뵽Ǭתͷ˵ǲ׼
˸㽲˻ֻʺġ
Ǭǡ
Ƕһʿһ˾ͿԸһһȻǬҪ˰
Ǭһ¶ͷⶼûˣ
ʵû취ȥǱˣǬһͻعȥˡ
·ǵһʺ˵һ˵Ȼûˡ
ʺ˵ˣ嵻еʱ򣬿Լȥ͵һεģҪǵʱ˺ӣǳϵġ
ڵˣŪ˸ţҪԼ
ȻˣǬȥʺ˵һ£ʺϾͬˣúӱڵ˻ׯ󣬾ͲٸǬˡ
˶ǬϲŭɫС²ֵʵ
Ϊʲô¸˳ˣ
ôС鲻üŮ֪Сʣûһ룬뵽Τ˵
ŶиΤ˸Ҵ˵ˮģȥׯ֤ˣ䣬Ҫ糯ϱأ
ǬˣȻˡҲˣգգֵۣʣһĹԱ𣿡
Ȼɹٵʶȫȴûһġ
ΤǬ̯̯֣˵ΪΤ˳ڣˡ
ǬҲǵһˣ嵶ԴһЦ
ڶ죬Τдһƪۣ糯ϱǬȥˣǰǬ䵽ȥĸ߶ȡ
Ǹ۵ĺȣǬֻ±ȿӱǧֻҪ˰ɡ
糯ûʱȥΤǧֶۡ
Ϊ糯Ÿտʼʡ˵طļطϳˡ
һһ¶´꣬Χǳ㣬ܶطԡرϪˮβֵĵ˺ˮˡ
ڲŹ˳Ǵļڣոո£ˮһ壬ûˣûˣǸоԼ޿ˡ
һЩ嶯ũգû˼Һ󣬾Ϳʼˡ
֮ǰһݣݺط˱˵˳ǳءڳǳؼ̣޳Գǳûбռ
ȴԽԽ࣬ٲƣ췴ɽˡ
ݵİձңɲС£Ϣʡֱ͵糯ϡҲϽͣ飬ʼԱ˰š
Τĳžήˡ
ң佫˵ͬ췴
ϻǾ統ķ
Լãȴġ
ϻԴµ̬ǷǳᶨģǾǵ̹һЩȫƽˡ
Ȼ̹һֻǬһݴʶѡ
͢Ҳлɵ޴ˣʾɢߣѰǸϻؼȥؽ԰
ʿˣǸ̾Ƴ˿ڱͲ࣬Ǻŵ㣬ɱ˾û˸ǹˡ
ʣΪ֮Ǿֺ֣ˮĵطЩ⣬һЩط˱ںˮУӦ֯ٱȥǡʵжԸЩµˣ͢ǶǺõġһǾûµˣ



807 ҡ

ǬվԼ˵˳
һֵ˵ǰ淢ԯ磬ˮֲũҵѧԺΪ츣Ϊ룬ũգγһľò
һû˾þȣΪ˺ͷڴǵõ
ӱ־κΤոճΪǬļʵ˿ɹ٣ǬΪǬ壬½̫ӵ
ǵĴͷĴҲվ֧ǬүҲվͬǬ
ȻԱгϻͭһĴ۾Ǭע
ǬᶨƵذ۾ƿͳϻҲһãǼԼ
̫֮䣬дȥݣݣ֯ٱȥЩںˮеİաͬˣ
ҲֻһİšԳϻһۣ˵̴ǰݣԷмƻ䣡
棬ȫץˣ
İţǺȫˡ
³ʱ仹ûе磬Ǭͱʺȥˡ
˻ʺһʱȻڵнȥ
ĸôˣǬֵʵ
Ǭˣʺ̾һȻǿѹԼ궯Ȼ˺ƽʱһţʱʱһµĺÿ촽ȴسġ
ʱ˵ݷңոմϢжںŻʼǶѺöװϣȴֻںˮܿࡣЩԽ֪࣬Խ࣬ñԽԽŭ
⻰Ǭ¶֮ɫ֪ʺΪʲôôˣԭǱҵìָˡ
⻰Ҳе˰ɣǬ˵
ʺ̾һɤЩɳƣһȣǾٵһ룬̾һŻȥˣΡ
˵ǻơЩȴڱкãһЩǾǳҩһ˷
óһţ˵Ǹģݵĺ̵ܶ꣬ȥˣˣˡ·ϵ̶ӣҲǸˣȫˡǱԽԽң˵ЩҪȥѴ󴬵Ķˣ
ǬüͷĻ
ǰһʱ䣬󴬴̫ʢˣܶն̸ʣһֶϲ㸻˵ĽһҶǹעγĸˡңһֱдڹע˸ӣд˺ýڹעⶼͬ
ڳ˺ˮԭĽͱ˳ˡ
ʹñǳƻԡ
֮ǰֻǱңھ嵽ҵƻʹʽһ仵ˣǬɵ
ʺߵĵģ֯󴬣ӵӰ죬ΣǺأصʺ󶼵
ĸȱżҪģҸǱ߿ȥѱҵƽϢˣȻҼһ죬ǵӰͶһ졣⡭Ǭʺ
˵һ룬ͻȻܲ˺£㣡

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ǬϢʺ΢΢һУԥһ£ͷãһúģȥɡ
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˼ԺӸҶӱڴһţܽȥ
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808 񻯡

˵󴬣˵˼ʳıصĵطñҸӲȶڸǴµĹٱȥ˱ԽԽ޷ˣТ˵
Щյ쵼űҵİաܽ˵
ǬĽ۵˵ͷһɵĿ꣬ȻǸˡ
ҲֻǸŻĹĶ췴
˵ҵĵȥܼڰ鱨͸ҸʡǬ˵
ТͷǬ˹
˺󣬶ͷˡصһ齣漴ѹŭ˷
Ѿ˹Ķ췴ˣͷϸı̬ȣѹ
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Աʲôû˿ǬһʱֻɳͲʵ
ǬعӦûС
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⻰һʣǬĿɿڴˣ⻰˵Ҳ̫˰ɣ˿Աߣ۹۱ǣǹģӽѵӵ¡
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ȻǬû뵽Щȴ뵽Ķ췴ֻǱˣİտܵʲô¶֪ûʶ췴ĺֻäĿظѡ
Ǭ룬ôЩܵˮѵ޹Ѫɱ̫ûˡ
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Ȼϻһ߲ܶǶǬĻЦȺ¾Ȼ˵ЩȺ
ǬͷһڣòŴ͵֣ѡ
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һ췴£µǵĳ͢ڰŷԽԽԺʲô鶼췴ȫԽԽң˵ɽ˶ԶΪӦùע߳͢ŷˣ
⻰˵ôһһ㶵ģʱڴǬ˵ȥ
Ҫ߳͢ŷڽԭĵһ㡣˵ˣֻҪмסзԣ˭Ը췴԰췴ǰյĴǴˣ
⻰һӵеˣһ£ǬȴΪ񾭴ֻ֯Լ˵ʣǵı顣
ãȻؼ˵ȥ
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ǬԽ˵ԽࣺǻҪڰнһı־йС
˵ʱǬ뵽ǰĹ裬죬գÿ뵽ܸоԼҵġ
Ŷˣëүүͷ
뵽۾һ̧ͷԴȥ



809 ʵͷ

಻Ǹ곤ӵӣ󣬷ǳ
ͷƬֻ±ëүү˻ӭرЩӵ긾Ů
˵Ů˶죬ڹŴŮ˵ҲǲɺԵġ
Ҫ긾ŮŮǶλëүүܵΪż񣬳ʵķۣôǻµػӵĽɽҪǵ˸췴ߺߣǷ·ǹƨɣŶܳȥ췴󻹲ܻ
ԣô죡
Ǭ˵һ룬˼У뵽˸߳Ц
Լһ÷ëʲôԼ
ǬǬе
ϻʱҵᣬ£ֻ̫Ǵ޻˵ˣԼ뵽©˵ˡ
㣬ϻ͸һ㣬Ǭˡ
мؿ˳ϻһۣһԼղ˵˳
Ļ֮Լ룬ԭԼߵۣߵã
˺һſסԼȻ˵̫֮ԣȻΪһЩȷʵ˼޸һЩ߶ԸңҲǿС
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ⶫͷǰŪԴӵõɽǵĿ̬ȾЩ仯ˡ
Ǭ⻰΢΢ԥͬ
ҪʵʩķҪͳ˧ľ񣬻ҪĹٱаš
ҪоȥЩƵıˣҪͨĹٱȥЩ֪İգﻹҪһЩĹ٣ȥЩսν
ȻҲҪкڣƳ죬ͷǷǰȥ˳ؽν
⣬Ҫһֵˣȥ֡
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Ҳ֪ϻզģʱͷǬֳѩ׵İ˵취õȥͺ𣿡
Ϊһ̫ӣƳȻһ߹ѵĵطȻΣ֮ءɲִܺȣһѣ쵼˾ܵȥָӾ֡Ȼ쵼ȥǺ£ְӵĺƷʣʿǰ߾ֵ˸ӻġִĿƼͱϣܱ֤쵼˵İȫƳܱ֤ȫ
رǰ߱ҵĵȥ˻ᱻ˺˶˵̫ѡȥأ
Ǭڳϻܲݣһۡ
ڻûзϵ̫ӵ˼ԵȻҪԼĽӰˡ
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ϻ˵⻰˵ŵĹؼ
˵˵Ҫ˵ҲǶ˵ģô۾ϿǬߣ
ǬҲͬ룬ǰغ󴬣ҪǱԽչԽ󴬵Ļʧ˶Ǭ˵һǻһҪģǻʺ
Ҫ鷢չȥ󴬣ʺҲųˣһҵˡ
ԭ۵ѹӹŵǴڵġ
뵽ǬͲòΪʺˡ
ϻ˵öԣԽ紦ԽãϾ˶Ǭı治ϣʺϡ
Ҫȡʱ䣬ѵͳ˧Լȥָòġ
¶˾ģ˵ʣó˵븸׼˶ǰǰߣ



810 

ҪʲôʺһӣŭĿǬ˵
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ʵˣң֣ңңңɱǧĳ̼ңзݣ»ֵͷҲᳬ֮⡣Ǽһᴦõġʺ˵
ǬɲĻ˵ǼңʺǸ߸ϵĻʺأһγۣǿɲ˭ϴġƳǱ۸ģ
ǣǼһذ¸ѹȥȥΪһЩ뷨øãԺиѣʲôģҵķһԺʲô鶼ؽʲôӣӶҴǧǬϵ˵
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һĬĬŵʷʱʱȥʮʮ˵ѦʹʱͱλиĲ죬ͬʱҲ̫ˣܵ½ȴͳһͳ˧ǾĥһĥӣſãǶʮ󣬹Ȼĥһλ󽫾
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811 ݡ

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812 ׵鷳

ֻǣʺָ˴׺󣬾뿪˶ˡ
㺰ҪǮǬ׺Ҳʣǲ˵
ʱʵˣû֣Ͱ˯ˡ
ǬŽףƬ˷ſڲŷⶫ
԰·ܴ˯
С±ߣ˵ǬסС¡
С»عͷǬףֿ嵡
ѡ˵һΣԲʲôĸϤˡ
⻰˵Сæ嵽˷䡣
Ǻܿ췢֣׵ĸ̫ˣҪȴȥҪ׵öࡣ
ŮһһѣΪѶѸ˳˵Ƕ׻ϤΪǬʱܸϣǾ̫๬ŮѣҪԼֲɡ
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УҪȥķ䣡Ǭᶨ˵
Сһ죬˽ǬĻԴأ˵˯ţ棡
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ŮˣҪҵ밮飬һůӵ㹻ˡ
С̧ͷеĿ⣬ǬͷӦ
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Ǭ˿һݣԽӣҶͻ¶ˮϣһСľͻײ
˸⣬ߵСǰ棬װ£漴ȣæС±ȭ񣺡ԭǳ³лգ³лա
ãƳϰ¹򣬲ȻԼҪϷҪС¹ˡ
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ںˣֻñһȭ񣬲̫
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СЦذĿǬƿڹϣʵˣʦʲôϵôˣ
ĻǷǡ
ǬһۣСӣӦǲ˹ˣԲŹġʣǵ٩
ߺߺߣȻȥٳƨɡ
áǬֱӶС˵



813 С¹

˵ˡһ˵˺͵ġ
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С⻰۾һ
Ȼµûţ¶һ˿⣬ԭôϲɶΪŮˣ
һߣǬ⻰һ
˷壬ԼߵѾǰܵԼģŵù⻰
⻰ô˵һŮ̫ӳлأ
æ͵ǰõѣҺܶæҪܵܣԸ⣬ֻˡ䵹Ǽһ㡣
ͣȻƽʵС
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Ů໥˼ǬæǵĻ˵³лΪ£
໥ú㣬ʲôĶܱǬһʣ˶ؿһۡ
С»ˮһں󣬲ŵ˵ģǰ;Ҫ͹һѸø𣬰ѸķΧˡ
ܻӭھӪģֻгһˡ
ܽסСµȫôҪյǮƣֻս𣬵ʱׯҪΪµһׯˡ
СȻǿܴӸ׬ǮֶΣΪԼһԴ
뵽ǬãȻˣСԭΪԼ˶̣Ϊ·
Ϊ·Լ˰ɣ
뵽ǬԼԴһƣˡ
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ղСµһֱûڿǬˣǬǬ¡
СµıԼ⵱Ȼܺˡ
ǿԵģֻǲ֪л׼һʲôĺҺܺõѣ³лնչˡǬС˵
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ȻԴףȴ򶨣޵ı飬߹˵
ķģǲȥĸݸȥ۵˳ɱǵ
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һĽӪά֣ô׵ģҲҪɱһֱάţֳɣǺܺġ
񸴵ڳôãǬԭŹȥôҹ
ЩԻϲԸǳ
Գ˸Ĺ̶ߵߡ
ͬʱҲ˳ķ򣬲ٵĹ尮ԸǴӹ߳Եġ
Ǭд˵Ҳǿ˺ܺõǹһϢո磬ٿһ¸˵óԸǳˣǾͻ
Щ˵εٺãҲֻεôǬ
ܽСµôֻøá
ֳɣǬϿɣ֪Сϵһ׬ģҲ˵׬ׯ棬ˮֵġ
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ׯĸĳɱĳɱһǧֻļɱɲСĳɱƵĳɱЩɱ˿棬ǿɾûж׬ͷˡ
ĺûܡߵĳɱǷǳߵģһ󣬶ˡɵ󣬻ǿ۵ѵ󣬸׬ĳɱǬܾ
һǬǹˣܺ
ǬһԼ
һӵˡ
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СʱȴһЦ˵ʦ⻰˵Ǳǲˣһȥ¿ҵҶܽܵĺʽ
ˣû뵽˾ȻһһǸ
Ǭ˵ĳɱҪռ˸һ롣Ǽٵġû뵽ˡ
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814 츾Ů

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ҪѸǵݸأǵĲԲģǻ󣬰ѼŪҲǵĺڵ顣ⳤѾйǼˣǼ룬һ󣬾Ͳóֵġ
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Ժ󣬹Ǭ£ʲôЩ׵飬ǸģǬԼֵһͲùŪˡ
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ƽʱҲûиԼסһ𣬵Ǳ˾͸һҲûиоʲôҪȥݣԶúܣһӾ͸о˾Զˣﲻˡ
Ǭ˰뱭裬̧ͷĿ۾ײһ
룬Ǭֱס˳ƵصϣǬ·Ǭ⿪·ָ㡣
Ϣٵһ󣬹̧ͷǬ֣С˵ȥ
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һûǰεĺߡ
֪֪ǰһλãһʮĳ츾Ůһ֮ҲͲôˡ



5


815 ץˡ

ߴʱǬ̫й
ǬѾˡ
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Ҳסù
ȻǬһүǣûϴϰߡ
ʱ1˽Ǭ˵̫ӣѾץʮһˡ
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ǰյң֪Ӧ²ץǵġﶼнҪ̽һǲǡ
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֪Ǻ쵳췴ﵱն
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ǶһͷӦǬǲ˵ʲô쵳ֻǱˮ˼ͨգץʲô
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ǬЦЦμ˶ͣס˺С
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ȻҪ˵һͷĿûлġץ󣬽ͻسնʾڡСͷĿҲ³˵ŴǶڰСޡֻǱäĿش˰У֪ⰵնģֻǱƭ˶ѣԿԶǽпݣĹµĻᡣ
ֻҪ˵ǵͬ˭Ǿܵõȫұն³ԼֻҪȥ͸һ꣬ͿԻصкͼ˹֣֮
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ⲻǶϾ˴СͷĿ׵Ļ
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Ѿ׼ǬӦҪóܴǮջǣ׼ôҪܾİǣסˡ
žҲ̫˰ɣⶼǵʲôˣ
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Ǻúÿǣڼ䣬ֻҪͬˣϲˡ
Ǭ仰󣬺Ƥģȥ
һ㵵ǡ
Ǭӱڣ1š
£ܲ⣬ôǿûջһӱֵʵ
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816 ˡ

УӻصμУŸ򿪣ӷ˽ȥ
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ѪǶࡣ
ţ˵ˣûУǺֵܣ׳˵꣬ԭĵط
ȴһ㶣ܸо׳ӵ̬ȵı仯
׳ºһĵߵԱߣϵǵ˵
д̧ͷһۣ˵ˣ֪˵
ϱȥ
Ҳͷ
ܿҹˡ
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˵ˣǳȴ֪ʲô١һ֣ͳΪ˵һˣٲСȥĹ٣Ҫ˵ǣôͲһõأҪһ˸ǼĶʮ䷿ӣһӵǮ˵ǻᶯһ¡
ͻȻϳһ亹ŷ֣ﶼһջĵߣֻҪǮߣǾͻ֮ǰ
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ΪһǳĳˣȻôڱ
漴뵽ʹڱǸԱ˵ֻҪйָϳͬͷĿͿȥȫұնԼֻҪȥΣͿûˡһɳͷȴøпŶȣ
ǸԱ˵ˣĻᣬֻаЩȵĲУЩͷĿԼгˣҲҪնͷġ͢ǶģǸԱҲ˵ʵ
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ˡԭվóĿ⣬еˣҧˣ
߰ɣȥͷ˵һһվ־˳ȥ
ʬ壬Уͻһˡ
˼̵̸˵Ķ
Ǹ׳Ӵ˺ɫɱŶǵıӰ˵ĺˣȻɱ˰ǻбӦģ
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оһ̱
ʱˣĸͷĿ⣬˶̲סغ˼£һӡ
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ﲻһ
ǣһͷĿû׹ֵؿǡ
˵һֽţɱ˰Ҫݸǣôҳֲϣ
һ۵ް˰֣Դ˵㣬ôɱأ
⻰˵ȴ˵˵һ㡣
˶̲סĴȥȻٿһԱ߰ʬ塣
䵽˼㡣
Ƕ㵽ǱȥʲôһͷĿʵ
һ߳һź룬ϳżũ͵վţѵվҲҪֳûɣ
ͷĿһƢˣʱ֪Ҷ뵽һȥˣȴһֱڻرǸ飬ˬغǲڻɴɱ˰ûӣôõˣôܻɱ
Ҳû˵Ǵɱģһ˵ʱ¶֮ɫ˵֣ôģ
ȻЩɱģһͷĿ˵
һ˷ǰǽǱߵģҲ첻ǱߡҪҪţǻ᲻֪
飬⻰˼ǰɱģͷĿŭĿӡ
д۾ϿȥҾͲ֪ˣ˭ɱ˰ɣ
⻰һëߵļͷĿ
˵ʲô˵һ飬Ҳ㣡һͷĿŻ
һͷĿ˵ҪˣŻ˵Ļ
ˣǶˣԽԽˣվߵ˵
һһ׺ݵͷĿԴ˵ҿ뷴ˣɱǣܱסǣ



817 ڲѡ

⻰һɫһ䡣
Ǳߵ߸ˣɫҲ
Ⱥȵ
˵ֵܣ
£ĵĻȴһЧûС
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ǵ˵гкȣо⣬ڲ䵽زҪɱڣǻûģ
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⻰öͷˣ÷ο챬ˣ
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һǴĺֵܵͷĿźȵñ죬ûɱٸ˵ɱ㣡
ôģҲҲһ°Ϣ߹ٱԲɱǴ㣡˵ţָ˴ĺֵܣ
⻰˵ѴĺֵܸͿˡ
ȥһס˵Ĳӣ漴һֻžһϡ
˴òҽһ־ֵֿغɱ˰ѵɱҲɣ
Ĺ죡ĺֳֵȥ
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ΪĢ́ͷȴֵ˲ǴǴߵˡ
мѾŭĿӣ
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ֺһ㶣ŭƽʱָʹˣȻҶȥģܲ
ôĺѷʵ
Ųӵ˺ɱҲɣ
ɱ֡պһ룬Ǳߵ̧Ķϡ
ĺúӣмһ߹ȥʵʵġ
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˫ѾɸղŵĽ䱸ɣڵĵж״̬
һ֣ߵ˶ȫ߬ȭͷʱ׼ŶŴߵ˶֡
Ǳߵ˱ߣȻǲˣӵվ󣬾Ҫߵƴˡ
ɲԸ⿴æ˵ǰ档
ȻǱߵڿɲῴӣǳ˽׼ˡ
˫ܿƣҪֵʱ򣬼ǳ˹ˡ
ľӣ´ֻȮ׺ݣ¶İɭɭݣ˿ڣ
Ǻǣǹҧˣò׸˵һͱǸɱˣ湻ùģôӽںˣҧˣ浱𣿡һСӳˣһ˵һ˴š
ȻǺҪɱȥǼϵĺᵶϵľʱҪľȮǲ
һߵ˾ͷֿȻ໥š
òǸֿˡӳ˵
漴˻֣˰ѴĸͷĿ˳ȥ
ӳ˿˳ȥϵİʬ壬ȻûͷУͻһ
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棬һһںʵͷǸʬ棬Ҫǳô죡
ͷһЦ˵˸ãǰ˸ô飬ذϢ˵̫һУ飡
ǣǶ׼̾ˣ̫һ£ȻӣͰճһֲʮˣֿˣ
漴ٺһЦ˵ԭΪôɱ˵أ
ͷȴһûи˵˼˵ڿҪ֪ⶾҩǴģҪô˵
⻰Ǹæ졣
̫Ӷ˵ԴȻҲ֪ˡ
ֻ֪ͷǸµĶҩܵʱ󣬲ŷģ䲱ӵѪøǱһ㡣
ҲΪֶҩܳɹбɱӶǲңӶ
û˵һ䷿漸һ澲ˣǬԼõʱ䣬ǲųȥԴǱߵ˽ʡ
ʣọ̈ʳԵ÷ǳ򵥡
ǶԴѾ˺⣬뵽ǵ³Ƕٸһˡ
뵽гȥۣǶѡ˹
ң˵ѾӰʳһ飬˵Ĳԣȫġ
һǾ͸˵ˡ
ʺ˳ܿʹЩõ˾鱨
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ҲҪŵ˵
Ǭε˵ҪƽҾܱЧذǸȻӲǱȴõǣֻԽŪԽң



818 á

Ǭ£ʳڵˡ
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ЩʳʱΧݳġ
ʳһ𵽵ģ죬ͷЩĵߡ
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ʳ㣬ǬԸȥݣݣͬʱ㡣
ڳǽϣˢϴı
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췴ţ񣡡
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⣬ͷҲôģ˳档
ڱ֮Уܹٸһ˵Ҫ࣬ǾܹԣǬɢϢȥ
ȺϢԷǳٶȣ˴󲿷˵Ķ
˲ţΪһȦףȥ
Ƕڰ˵ǲʲôΪһڷԡűңҲΪûеóԵģŸģڳзĵطǾ֪ᱻץҲԸðȥһ
һЩҪ֮ǰһֱĶǽЩˣҲǱʵǰЩˣʱ򣬾Ȼˡ
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˴ṩϵͬİ취Щʹãõµ񲡶һȾˣһһܿͰαбЩԱץòˡʣµģҲˡ
˷ʱũû˰۵ĸţϼԭ򣬶ʳĿǶһԵȥǵķ㡣
һϣܶ񶼵˳š
һ죬ûܵƽٱϡΪٱЩ۽Ϊ˳ǳأһΧڳſڣߡҲԽԽûаȫУûйУӶһ˵Ǿˡ
Щ⣬ﻹǴĴģ̫ŷģȻǶеȣһ߿ŲҹһĴ㣬žһץ˾ˣеһܡ
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ʱſֳµĹٱһֽţеǱеĻ񣬷ɢߵǰ棬һͷǺǣҪˣһͿԳˡǰصһԼĺӣҪ£һҾͿԳԵˡЩ࣬ΰĻʵ۱²ܶصشݳǳģ̫ӵ͵ݣʵ۱º̫ӵ¶ǰӵĺùһҪӵ
ϰյҪܼ򵥣пڷԣλͷеĿ˵ĻûзУǼ򵥵룬ܸǷԾǺûʵۡ
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ͷҡҡͷϴµЦݣ˵ղѾ˵ˣʳ̫ӵ͹ģ̫ӵ¾ݳУʵ۱»ڳд£Һʹεҡ˵ǣΪôҸܵһ𹲶ѹأرûʦФհ
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ڣźöӣһһŵطַȥҪ֪ʵ۱·ȣɱֵǣӣǵĸҪúõرͼ񣡡ͷ˵
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յʱȴָӣڲͷָ£ٱǳȻǶ˰˸ӡɹٱͷַȥ
һ߷ַһ߸ǣͷ󣬲Ҫɢӣһǰȥࡣ



819 ȶġ

Ŵ˽ͨ㣬Ųʵլڳ˾İԵһ֮⣬İգһӶûмʵ۵ʲôġ
еֻŸĻĳ˶֪
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ˣյ˱ȴʶ֣õҲûá
ͷǴȺҳ˼еţеʦʶֵģðոŶ
ǰԽԽ죬ζԽԽŨȻΪЩԸ⣬߲⣬ǿķϣǻʵظŶˡ
һʱ䣬һãʵĶ
ţȻҲηӪһͿ˵ˡ
Ͽڣ׶ıܿ˵ĶסˣǴҲܸ
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ղǼ˻ʵ۵ͷ񣬾ֻͷǸо˻ʵôھȻ̫ӳˡúܶİն£˷ܡ
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֪ǵļҺﶼˮˣһЩ˱ˮУҲһЩ˱ʹ뿪ǣںǰΪĬѾйٱǰЩˮΧŵĵطʼˣݣѰǵʧ͡
Ѿӳˣᾡذźסĵطұˣ͢ᰲ¼Ҹǣﱻˣ͢Ҳᰲµǣų͢վ˵ЩһĭһڶʳԣҪǵûʵָңǿˣң
⻰˵úܶ㣬ǴȴĻ׽
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һټϺȵǬ
εı飬Ǭ˵
ǶǳϣⳡѺܿعȥڳ͢ҵʱһ֣ԾȵȻǲˡ֮ǰΪǵʳû͹ңҸҸ˵ˣܹﵽϣҸͬˣģ֮ǰ飬ᱻץᱻؽҪںԺ£ǿɾ˵ȥˡ
£ǲˣֻҪпڷԣѾ㹻ˣôٸԼĸ£
һͷվպ࣬ɤӻָ
һҲ׷ױ̬
Ǭ˵صͷ־ˣҹͬŬһѻٵļ԰½ǵ
һôԾԽİ취߹ǣҪǵָӡ
Ҫģһһ壬ѡһ¸صİճڶ֯ǵɽѰԳԵĶɽʲôӵĲܷŹˣжҲԴԣԼĿڸҲ˹ٸѹùٸԳȥ飡
Ǭ֤ȻҪҲԵģſڵȻҷȣôҶ
⻰˵úУҲ׾ð⣬һкı֤һ



820 ҵѡ

ͬʱڳݺطҲͬ顣
ȻǬܷ֮һΪݺݵϰûмǳݴǬȥ˵ģһطϵ¸صߣڹٸ֮ǰѾȷʳˣֻûйٸϣ԰Ҳ١˵зȥ˵ݿڱ˵֮ǰ񹥳ʱվǽͷϣ˵ġ
Ǭƺõȭ£ݱҵԷǳٶȸȶ
ŹٱԭļеʱҲû̫ķӰš
Ž󡣶ڹٸ˵һƻԸӰţֻ˳Ͱƻֻˡ
Ҫ飬ͼˣ֯ԾȣǶȹκˮѣȵˮˣͿǻصԼļңؽ԰
˵ǬѾһˣ˵ѵһָˣ飬صĹȥͿˡ
Ǭɵذƽҵɹɣİ취õöԡ
֮ǰоӶоܹܣݣݺݵı߽磬򱱶ȥ
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žǰ濽ʵ顣˳ϣǱڵЩץ
ңӰΪǼܣãѪ⣬ڹǼܱˣЩѪҲû֧ţԺ׵رǬ˳ˡ
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Сɽϣ͵վʮ֣һżȥʿٲмزҽС
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ַǳ죬ںһ֧Ͼ˳ȥһãһ֧ȥŵ֧Ҳȥ
飡
УƺкӰϡ
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ʯԱ˵һ
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ţϵصԼĽţӶǶȡ
Կ׼Ĺéİڵϵİţ
ֳһ㣬æŵس
ţһ
Ҹ˳ȥ




821 

éͬһֻһ㣬ƴϷȥ
Ҳʮףٶĺé˵̫
͵ϮĴ̿ͣų׷βֱ
Ǻͺˡ
ſһҪ۾ˣֻϳһ֧
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ǺӱڵļһȥǽһԵ
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ϵĹѻ֣ոոоһ˿׼ΣգͿԼڰеļˣ֪æȥ
ڶߺ׹þѻһʱʧȥģѾ½׼
ͻȻоؿһ٣ƺʲô·һ㡣
Ҳס
󱳵ľ˶졣
סˣͷһ֧é룬ؿڡ
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ӵٶȷǳ죬գۼ͵սȦд̿ͼƼȥҪܣպײˣ屻ײϻۼֿ죬İǰȥڰе壬һˡ
ѪڰУӴѪг˹ԲĴ̿ͬɱһ㡣
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̼ҵֻܣҲĸ׵İ취һһңһ̿͸֫ˡ
ѪȵĿ̣ʣµĴ̿Ͷңʿߣȴо˸ĿУ
ϻҪ編һ̿ͣİ£һѽƵǰ档



823 º겻¶β͡

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824 ҵ

Ǭȥݵļƻûͣ
ųϻһȥݡ
·ϵЩ̿ͣǴȥˣ˿ǵ졣
ܿǬ͵õ鱨õ峯ʱһԴ峯ɽռ˺ǾתΪµˡǼɱǬǿֵǸߵÿµġ
ǰ彫ɳ˺⣬ǰҲ֯ÿڡЩÿȴǸԶûֻвϵ˲֪Ϣ߲˲֪ôÿڣЩĸ߲㶼ѾΧˡ
ó˺ÿڱ⣬ԶǻʵÿгޣԲŲġ
ǬΪпЩ١
֪ģǳ˺ãÿڣûˡ
Ǭ̾һ֮ǰ˵ģֻҪǺ꣬ͻ¶βֻҪ췴ɣǾͻƻʱ򣬾Ϳץסǵβˡ
Ҫģǵȡ
ݺ󣬰һգұݵĹԱ
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¶ˮ꿪ˣҲΪƻصˡ
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ǬԼׯϵҽǲܷų˵ģҪפҪ½̳Ĳŷĵá
ҽԺҪģǽ̳ĴЩ򲢲һҪжҽֻҪӦͿˡ֪һЩҽ֪ʶܿһЩСͿƴ󲿷ֵİյСˣһЩ󲡣Ҳûа취顣
ո˵õĻСڵֻܰһ󲿷ֵİκС
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ͬʱģͷһ˾·ʳװʵĳϣĳĳ̺žʵ
Ǭ濴ϹšǼ·ʱЦˡ
ݵһжԤеĺ÷չǬԼҲҪ׼ؾˡ
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825 ɾ͸С

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826 ա

Ǭ뵽ΪΪ󣬷ˣ˸˼ҸˣΪһŮˡô˵ԼҲһʷ顣
ֻû뵽ջǽˣǰ
ѵʷֻصԭĹ
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պϹŮ㶣漴Ǭǰȥˣæϡ
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ǣߴ˲ٵıҪȥ˼ܳĵͽҵıѾƳˣаӹˣ׷˹峡ˡǬ򵥵˵
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ǬǬһεı֣͵ġһεıߺܶ࣬͢ҲϿɡ
ţ˵Ѿˡ
Ѿ˴ƵļҵĴ󲿷ֲƲһ̾Ҫóڴƹڣռ㹻гӶгᱻҿƣԴƵĿơ
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⻰ʺ󷴶СŶӣСֲϲˡͻȻ۾һǬȥҡȥ꿴ûµˮɡ
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뵽»ǺɶйϵСӲܶС²ڰڣȥ꿴ˮȥˮй⣬⣬ʺҲ̫˰ɣ
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Ǭʺ˵ʱ洫̫¼ݵ
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һڵĻҵεУΪƶˣҪʺǬҵϺúõ͸
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ˣɵ˵ͷʺҲ˶࿴һۡ
ǬܾȣСѾͷͲ
ʺʵʲô֣
ūҸ䣬ʿ˸򸣣࣬ҧһ˵
ʿʺƺʲô˵ԭ֮󣬺á
˵һãû˵ʲôˡ
ҲúǸϹŮ
˵ͷ󣬾ȥպܻ飬æȥ
ͬʱҲȥˡ
ǬҪʻҲûлˡ
¶ˮȻտܣҲȫӪúܺãǸ˲ţ˷˿ϧһȻϸȥ
ܱڹﲻͣЪĹĺá
ȥ¶Ǭֻõ´лٺ˵ˡ
ǬҲûʲô£ͻȥˡ
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Ǭ˺󣬸ŽȥȴСºߵصͷ
ǬϴǬ·
Ǭʱ˽ͣһ·ۼǲõصߣС˯ˡ
Ǭ۾嵵ĻˡŮ˺ĬϣǬҲ˵ԡ
ӵұ֮
Ǭ뵽ǰСµô
ҡҡͷ
ֻʵм䣬ұŴСŮȴҶһ
ҴСŮҲԵؼ࣬Ҳ֪ôˡ
ʱǬоһֻ֣档
һͣ⣬ΪֵֻķǴǱ߹ġ
ǬֻžȵʱѾĿϣؽ⿪ŽȥȻסˡ
ƽʱС²Żôˣ
嵵ɬĶ£ѾûɶСɿ̧ͷػӦ嵡ҲӲȺȶȸȵˡϷˣһܿӦˣȻ˶
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嵵ҪѪˣǬתǬЦһ£ȴشС˵׺ɿæ
ʱᳶǬĿӣҪǬƨѹţѲ
æ
Ǭٴˣһ˶֣ôǷ޵Ȥ£ھȻǽС°æⶼʲôˣ
СһҲ֣һУϸ˵Ӧȣ
ȻǬоһ˫С˹ˡ



827 ҵҵĸ

ڶ죬⻨͸˽
ֻôһˣǬ˸
ȫģƤʵؼõ౻Ħ
һӵ˯Ůˣˡ
£ˣ嵵
Ǭۣ嵣Ѿ룬ǹһ˿ңС΢͹ˡ
ţˡСϰˣǬ౻ϻ¶ʵţ
嵿Ǭţϻ̲סһ죬˵׺ȥϴ·ˣıӡȥţùŮϴá
뵽ŪһǱǬҲ̲סΡ
ʱ嵽н˹ŮǬ·
ĵڶ죬ǬҪȥѲһ¸ҵˡ
ȥԺһһδݴĴ̿ͣˣϣܿʳ
Тһݲ뿪ȥͻٵľȮ￴һ
ίС²žȮ֣Ѿڳվ˽Ÿ̫ͽڹȦڳ͢ϣҶҪͷʢ̫ӵӣ˭ҲСֳټͻֳҲǬ˼й£Կ˵ͻҲǸ
СֳǬӭѧǬ
ѧǬȥꡣ
˰£˼ǬˣǬ¶˼Զһĸ顣
ǬǴкȥ˸ſ˿
뿪ڼ䣬ﶼӪúܺá
ӻ˻֣˵֮Уȣ䣬ʾĸмл֮⡣
ӼöҪ˵ˣǬļ򣬾ȥꡣ
߽ׯоƺ˱仯ˣ
һһ߿һα˵и˵㣬ø˰յ
ǰߣоһ·ϵļƺеడԣһƬ½ĵ軧ǰֻڷׯĵ軧ɸ˰ˡ
뵽ǬҴȻˡ
ûļﲻˡ
ׯô£ѵʲôˣ
ǿһ·ǬİգЦӭͲµӡ
ʱſڳ˹Ӱ棬Ǭ˹
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ҺԺһ߰οһߺͷ˸档󣬾ʶȤȥˡ
ԺֳǬ͹ˡ
ǬͷĹĶС˵ҶȥˣҪ㣡
һ㶣ָǬһѣ⻵ˡ
漴Ǭˡ
漴򷿼Сܶȥ
ǿֱŹƽޱȡ
±ˤȥæֱסĲӡ
˴ߣǬһӣһԼ·һԼ֡
ߵؽ⿪µťۣǬ˵Ƚӡ
һ漴Ӷˡ
ˡ
սã»ûн⣬Ǭˡ
ѽ´ʲô㡪æסأǬӺ
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ʱѾɻ˴ˣſǬϣһָֻ滭ȦȦһ߱Թ׮İôݣ
Ǭгɾ͸һЦ
ʱˣ˸ղżļ飬
Ŷһ˵ѾˣԺֻˣɢȥǸռ
ţǬû뵽òײǧֻҪģҪȫҲҪ°꣬¼ܷôڻûãͲˣ
ǳ³л˵ģ˵ҪǺȻң취ֻ֪Ҳֲֻ֪ǴѧѧġҲɱ̫ˣҷҲرһκˮУ˲٣ֵòģͿҪﵽٶֻˣʧ̫ˡ
취ǰѼת͵ũֻռͿˡǵǼҪ䷽յļũ棬ȵռʱٿ
˵һֻռĻˣʡ˺ܴҲ˷գһ£ɢϣҲʮֻʧһ̫󣬶ԼûӰ졣ţǶΪģֻ˳ģҲ׬Ƕ룬ҲӰ졣



828 ԭ

ĻǶģʽ˽⣬ͬ
ķպͳɱɢũϣũ˵Ǹ󣬼ԼԣׯҲһ¼ԼûӰ죬ûйһٶֻĳʹʧ
ĸֻռƸ档淿ԸɢĶ٣ӷ䡣Ϊ㹻Ϳռ䣬Ϳĸˡ
СµĺҪƹ㸴øࡣⷽĸøСµĽŲһҲˡ
Ǭ˵ͷҲãԺרͿˣʼũȥˡ
ʱ򾭹ϢС۽ˡ
ǬаЦһ£ѹ˹ҪǸоһָֻסСһ㶣ȷӴˮˣҲǶУôֹأ
Ҫ㣡ɫ˿ȴᶨؿС
Ǭ˺ΪҪʲôЦһϷǰСϷ˵ã˵
΢΢£촽ʵ죬ҽˡպ̫ӰҾͼȺһհ̫ӡ
˵һ¡
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ȥˣôǿԼ֪Լˣ
ʲô뷨
᲻Ӵ˺Լָ
Ҫ׼ԼֿղôԼⴲŶˣԼǿġ
ղſޣǲҲһΪ֪ԼݣӶΪģ
ʱ˵̫ˣһֱţ̫ӵ濴û
ǬӦΪ⻰˵ģ˲˵⻰ģû̫ӡ
Ǽ̫ӣǼ˭
ҿ㣬ϣ磬һЭ̫ӵ£˺ܴ飬˺ܴĹͣǲǣ˵ǾϲĻȴûǬ۾˵ġ
Ǭһص̾һԹһȻĵҪ뿪
ֻץСأҪ뿪Ķһ֪ˡ
ǬоץŲţ뿪Ҳ뿪ˡ
ˡ
̧ͷĿӣûü۾ĸƨɸоһ˫⻬ȼסˣСſˣźһУǬѹСůĳ֮
Ǵ㵣츾ԼͶĿ⣬ûٶ࿼ǣ˶
֪ʢ磬رģ
ʱ˺ܾãǬ§źò׻عĹ𣬺ʵǲûһˣ
뵽ΪϵĲ𣬶ʧҪֿǬһۣ
ʱ̧ͷӵؿ
ʱ˵ĻĬԼ
λĵ£
һӲ⣬ôׯЩµأаׯĻпչһܲ⡣һ̫
Ȼ⣬뵽̫ӣǰЩ飬ŸԵ
һүֻ¶˵һ̫ˡ
ҪǣԼ˼ģ
Ǭ˼Ҳġ
ڿʵݺˣݵͣһһѸԸܺһҪֻһô˾ܳõһˣݱˣһ뿪ġһĶҲġ
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Ҫ뿪ˣﱾܵӿʮֵ᲻á
ʯ֮䣬͵¶˾ġ
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Ǭ˵ҪбһΣɡ
ôһشǬ˺Ѹٵ׹̲ס¶һĵЦݣ
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ذ֮˶˷ˡǬ͸¶һЩϢ
㣬֣治ãҲҵ֣ǳҪ֡ڽǬָǬЦ˵
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ǰ޵Ů˽Լһӵ֣Ǭоһϲá
ߣٿͥȥǬһӣ˵
һ죬İš
壬Ȼ󼯺˼ĴССˡǵ˴ú󣬿Ǭλϣûж⡣
Ǭһֱׯм֧֣λׯԽԽߡ
ĸҴ󽫣ǬĵλѾǸߵ˷֮ˣڿֽһҲûʲôġ
ƺһȻ顣
վһߣǬôӾôȥҪֱӳΪһ֮͸¶һϢȻǲȥ֪Ѿ飬ǲˡ
д˵һ顣ҳȥ¹뱾ׯ飬ñׯʼҵĸĸҪѸǿҪͬŬӭϸĸĽŲõׯ԰ҷģԺΪ˸ĸıҶҪһµҵָӣڷ˵µģʲô⣬ҽ壬λͬңѸҵԻ
Ȱȵһͨ˼룬ׯ˵ˣҪĻϿĻ
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İ취Ͽɣ̫ûûҲܰ˼ҡ
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ǽĴ£Ǭаɽͷ
ׯһ죬Ǭ뿪
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뿪ׯǬΪй˰۵ȫޱȡ
˹ǸϹŮ
վǸ˻ģǬҪʻڿϹŮסʵչŮ
ϹŮǬæ˵ҪЩΪѺǱܹ֡
Ǭûĸ˼£˵ȥҹ
ҪˣϹŮæȥˡ
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ͤһϹŮذ˹ˡ
ȻĻǹŮΣԺĲһƺߵһЩϹŮĿ̬Ҳ֣Ҫǣյĳƺ
˵ˣ¡ϹŮ˵󣬾ȥˡ
Ǭڿֵʣˣ



829 ˡ֣

ˡ
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ϹŮѾ£ǬֻܰĿա
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յӣƺǧҪ˵촽ʵ£ȥƹ񣬿𣿡
Ǭһ⻰ԸúףҪȥǵ˲ⶼϴˣôȥƹôܻȥƹⲻì
Ǭı飬֪ʲôʱ˵£һֱ֪ݣҪ֪ˣҾͻæˣͲƹĹˡȥ괺ҼѵʱҹϵͽϵҺˣڽ괺İǼѣкõĹϵҵ֣Ѿ˹ŮϣҪǲǿɾͳ۾ˣֻεؽˡһƭ˵£ÿ˹ʡ
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Ǭȴ֪ڻʺܸӴɲǵŮģǸѡСŸѡģлӴУȻһҹȸˣ
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ʱǬ˵쿴ºնŵնȥƹֻû뵽ȥ˻󣬾ͳ˲ˡ
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Ǭ⻰رһ˯С裬ղЦ˳
Ŀ⸴ӵؿ˿Ǭһۣ˵죬ʵѾûйˣֻʵذ֪ĸ˱¡ڸ¶ûдΪˣǻȥ˺󣬲֪ģ쵽ڣҾûˡ
ǬǺġ
⻰󣬲һ㶡



830 ˵Ļ⡿

⻰ʲô˼
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Ǭ˼˱仯֮ǰǾùڰֻȥл·þĻؿʼˣʷϵһġ
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Ǭ·ߣٲҲǻȥƹġ֣ССֵģгɾ͸е£ƹһӡСʱ׻ڣڸ׺Ŀʱ⣬Ҳûһγɾ͸еӵϲ
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һƯ򸣣˵ӵµһаš
Уǰ㲻Ҫ˵ջ˭Ǭһ䡣
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İ취Ͳ˺ˣҲǺð취ôǬڹ
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˵İ취˵ǵµƹ񣬵Ҫһȥƹ񡣵ǵԼ֪ˣƹݣû취ûʺѲ˵ȥġҲ뵽ˡ
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831 ̫ӷǡ

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ĪʺʻǬܲ⣬һ꣬ϴϴ뵽Լղ͹ûǻعϹŮʹյˡ
ζҲӦǱʺŵˣ֪ĹǬﻳеĻУܶĲܶԾͲµǬȥׯǬȻϴϴ͵ߣһ̫ˡ
ǬεЦЦ˵ҵһȥϴֻȺ˵
ʺַŵϥϣһۣʵŮйص£
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ȻʲôãӵĻҲ˵˳
ʺǬĻתͷգ۾⣬˵Ǹƹ񣿺Ǻǣһֱ㣬û뵽㵹ǽˡҲãҪ׼ȥģû뵽ˣÿ㱾һôġ
ʺ۾ľ⣬ʵЩ£ΪǬ˵ҪӵĻ˵ֻӣڻʺţ
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832 Ůˡ

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޹ˡ
ǬҪǻԡҪҳ취Ǳˡ
ص˶ǬҸû˵ĻᣬԼȥϴ˸裬󣬶嵺С°ٰĺá嵺С¶ǳ֡
յǬĻ¸϶ʮűʯȻ˵㣬ǻǸ˵ȥ涪ʯˡ
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⻰Ǭ֪ԭʺ˵ոҪ
Ǭվлʺ󱻻ʺˡ
߳⣬·Ů˳Ƶġ

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󣬾ͿʼӪļƣײ㣬˸ʺͻȻ֣ͨע⵽ҪûǬĳ֣ôվͻɹظˣȻͿʼһӵĹս
һְ
Ȼһֵֵ֣ĹѾܸˡ
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ǢǬȻˡ
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طûʲôҹ֣ȴǽ£壬Ǯ
ձȥǮʼЩӦûһ󣬾ǵȦˡ
һӮ̺󣬺С¶Թؿæһẉ̂ˡ
ǬȻ⿴ˡȻĻ̫ˣĲݣĻάĺҲǲġ
ҹˣǬ򷢴ϴϴ˯ˡѾź˷䣬СϺ׵Ǳߡ
Ǭοһ䣬ʹ̫ˡ
տ˿ǬıЩߵӰʱÿˡ
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̫̫ĶҲƽһЩ
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վûеƣǬǸ˳



833 ʮߡ

Ѿס˶üˡ
ǬҪϰȥ¶ˮµƹ񣬲˵ս붫ǵĶҪѧԺ󻹻ڶһӣԻѧϰ³
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һʱΪԾķӣ⼸ǬȴЩһһǬʧȥǰĿַӣϴһֵԹίа˵ɫ
һ޵ŮĵһۣƽȴͿ͵ģĸо˿˲׿ˡص㣬ĵʱɫ࣬һͻر
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ⱻ˰ѰѱץΡһһץӰֻ֪ӷȴ֪ĺȫһ
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ǬΪ⺢ӿûˡ
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834 ߾ս

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ʱҲҹʱˡ
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СϺҲˡ
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Ǭ۾һҪϣΪʱ߾ļϸǱһŸɱˣҴ˻ҩƷ䷽ôһǸ߾ûõҩôлҩأͷǬҡͷҩѾڸ߾ľˣʵˣԼЩɵ
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ڶӦǺǰȥˡû˵ҪƳһء߾Ūһһ׷ļó͢ҩû߾Ӷǣҩʱ䡣ӦǸ˻ҩˣ˴ĻҩսˣƳС޿ˡ
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ǣǴҪģҪǣҩȱĶĳ֣ʱǴƽĶƳŻã߾ˣǿɾͻˡ
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ǬҲƣӷ£˵ҩڸ߾޵սϣⶼȥʮˣսҲ֪ôˡǲϣϽҸʣ֪
Тһͷ
Ǭ˵ҩڸ߾֣ҩйأҪ֪ͨǡҸ
ǵļô춼֪ҩڸ߾ȵսˣ֪ǵĹʧüǶԸ߾ù
ҩʧǳ͢лмϸͽڣֵǶע⣬ҸС



835 ҹ

ǬİţоأȦɵ㡣
ТǴѵǬģʱǬİţϿɵص˵ͷ
ȭ񣬱ʾǬĻȥ
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ТĻһţȻƨˡ
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µЦȻҪù
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תͷһ̫࣬ȥˡ
ʡ󳼸ҧħͷĹ֮׵ĳ޼Ҳ
ԸúԸڸ¶ţҪȥԱߵĲı
ȸȥȻ˿ڼó鼮鿴Ӧصĸ߾Ϣ鼮
һ׳ĳϻ˹һʵһ̫һһֲʲô£ڿǬ鱨󣬱Ϊϻἱȴһ̬Ȼ
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ξϺ˵߾ǾıܾˣڻҩϣǾҪӿٶˡǲˡǣֻ½ڻʱ򡣱ݣû׼ãȻҴƲҪΪޣص峯ǰ;ǾͲֵˡ
˵ţóҪǶԸ߾䣬ҪöҪļϵЩҪҪõݣҪݣʲôʱá
Щ˵ָϸСξϺȴ˵˳͸мָһ䣡
Ǭҡҡͷˡ
վξϺڵĻһЩ䡣
˵󣬳ϻ˵ڣǶԸ߾ǲʵģǸ߾Ѿ޶䣬ǲʧȥ˴ڹ֮ˣǻҪġǿԲɱȴҪ߾ϱƸ߾رø߾˽ޡ
߾ûҩˣǾҲˣ׼ҩ׼һҪñ߾ϵսʿ¸߾лҩ
ս֮ãһͷ
£һƣ߾ǿǺ۸ˣ˻ҩ͸޿ǾͿԷǿҴƲô۸ģǸҶһµģ⻰Ͼ˾˸ʿ˵ġ˵仰תͷǬ
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836 ⡿

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ǬԹؿ˸ʿһۡ
үⲻΪ
ʿĻ˵ҲתͷǬҪһǬʲôصûС
ô˿Ȼʱˣ˵ΪľүΪԼӣҲܵˡ
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ڸ߾˻ҩôǵĻҩƷʲôǵıƣʲôʲôʽģӣǵ䣿ը
ڼ鱨ûȷ˵Ǽʧְ˵Ǭڹܵģ˭ûˡ
û취֪߾ĻҩƷʲôģҲû취ǵƶѵķ
һֱֻʹôƵǿĻҩƷʾˡ
뵽Ǭ˳ϻʵֳϴθ˵ŮɢûУ
ϻһһصˣǻûôʵ顭
⻰һǻҩٶ̫ˡΧʲôʲôֵ
ϻæ˵Ȼûоʵ飬װȴװˣʱ
ʿ°͵ĺӣʵŮɢһס߾
Ǭû˼ֱŵ˵ܡ
һĴȣ˵ãλһȥһŮɢʵ飡
⻰һȷгˡ
ֻյһ鱨ѾǹȥʮˣҲ֪ǰսôˣԺ󣬻и鱨ģʱǾ֪߾սεģõʲôĻҩˡǬ˵
λе˵ͷ
ʱߣѾȷˡ
ر͵߾ø߾˱ʹƵʾóҩըһǿһǵ鱨Ϣжϡ
ףǰرȴҪú
ҴƲ֮ܳرѹҲҪһͷǵĸҪûʾһ£ҲԼȥˡԣҪ޹롣ҪûУǾԼȥǷ˵ġ
⻰һҶͬ⡣ϴţӡ
ȷҹҪǷˣôǾӡҪûУҲ̫ˣΪԼ棬ҲҪ԰ȥͱһͱۣһ¡ֱģĴǿɾͲˣҲضḶĴۣ
޵̬ΣԼһߵľӣҪǰ׼ģȳʦˣͿ϶ˡ
ݵ˧˭ȥڼװҪԸ߾᲻·ͻʣ»ЩΪҪҪռһ´ƵıˣҪһ׼Щ⣬һһʱš
ǬȻ߲ˣǿԼλ
ᣬƽʱ˯ֺãʱͻȻһҹǺܾġΧǣıǬ˵ˣϰʮˣȻԽԽһ˼Ѫһ㣬ʿ˵˵ţȻˡ
ϵ򣬻֮󣬷Ĺ߶ԽԽˣǬҪ̫⣬Ѿйսˡ
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Χϵǣûע⵽ڳţΪ˾һ⣬·Ļ
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Ǭ͵͵ȥһһڳţǲһȥأһ׳һίã롣
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糯ʼһȺûдٷĴǣһԱΧҪö࣬߹öࡣǬһԱҲ̲סһֳɾ͸С
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ϻһףվڻҩ棬ӭ
һǧɳϻߵһȥʵ鳡飬һȫŹȥ



837 Ůɢ

ųϻǰߡ
һɽ֮С
ܲɽ壬мһǧ׿ɽȡ
һǧѾɢɽΧ䱸
ڴһ̨ǹۿ̨
ڹۿ̨ǰ棬ȴʲôûС
ϻûڹۿ̨Ŵǰߡ
ǧ˹С
һȦΧǽ׸ߵĽܷ⣬ֻɽһǽһš
Χǽˮģܺ񣬽úܽʵ
ΧǽΧһЩһף߰׵СΧǽԱߣż
ĽȫΪʵ鱬ƶġЩǶ˵ġ
ϻŴң߽Ǹ
Ҽһ
Ǭˮ೧ˮŪĽǱʯͷݻҪӲرǾõģǸˮõö࣬ŪøӲ
ǿȴǽ棬ȫǰ߲߰˺ۣѷͬҰ޵צץһ
Щǽм仹ʿľͷʿ
Χǽںܴ󣬷ϰٸľżж༷Ǭ߽ȥ߹ȥġ
£һŮɢ֮ٽһЩڷľż˺ж󣡡ϻ͵
ϻǻҩֵľֳŮɢ˽⡣Ҳԭ
Ӧ˽ˡ
޼վʵΪβվ￴һⵯôըأ
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ϻӵؿ˳޼һۣ˵ȵһԱó˾ͽѡҪҪ￴ˡ
˵꣬Щĳ޼ɣ˵£롣
˵ͷ˳ȥ
棬ľӣϻ߹ȥľ䣬Ǽܡ
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Ѻ˶̵һ˸ѹȥСӹסŪúһӣһɣ˾͵ȥǰһСϡ
СϵߣԶһͿˡϻ˵
һ˵Ҷ㵼ߵԭˡ
佱һ»ҩֵĹԱķɹ
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ܿǱ߾ͻ졣
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ϻ˵£һӺ죬ʾ´Աˡǽ濪ʼװŮɢһȷյҵԻ졣
˵䣬ǱѾ˻ź졣ϻֽ͵Ѿװã鵹ˡ
Դ˵׼һͱˡ
⻰һ˶ĸ
ǬǾûʲôǧ׵ľ룬㣬ʲô
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˵˼º󣬺һ죬Ŵһ
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ΧǽŨѾʧˣѾʿȽȥ鿴ȫˣʱʾû顣
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֮ǰܼذľżʱȫݿһ㣬ܵȥ
Ļ⣬ǰЩľżʬľͷ֫嶼ɢءǰľżľмˡ
֫屻⣬еľżŶӣƬ
һģ˾ˡ
ղ˵Ҫվۿĳ޼ɣֵǰ׵òٰˡҪվЩƬˣ
⣬⡭Щ˵ˡ
ϻһǬѱֵĻᣬøǬ
Ǭ֣˵ʣŮɢƤס˻ҩٱסӣƤҲиըʱͰӸ˳ƤҲƬɢ˿ӶΧĵγɱ
ĻξϺ͵վǬǰ棬ʵŮҪӵ˵֮УǺ
۾Χǽڵľżһۡ



838 񶨡

ξϺڵԼӶذ˼˳
ŮɢҪ䵽ܼĵ֮Уһ˳ȥ˵ϡ˲ӵľżһǽϻźܶСɱֻһɱһˣɱ˵ӡ
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ǬξϺڵͷ˵ûԭ
ϻվ˳˵ڻûнӳȥ⣬˵ȻҲܿǰŮɢŵм䡣Ůɢȷʵǿɱ
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ЦԷ̻ף
⻰һҶǺЦ
ЦϣǬ˵˵һסмС
ŮɢⷽĴġǬ˵⻰ҲȻġû뵽⻰˵꣬ȴӴ䳡һź˼
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ǣڻҩŪģǴڵϵолҩĵװãŮɢһǸһ֮⣬ŮɢĸĽ綤࣬ʹøȫ
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ǬæվǬ˻֣ǲã߹ȥ˵ĻȻ˵йҪͽȥˡ
ֽͱддָûͷԣǰһӣȥ棬һɹ̫ˡ
֪ǬǹûͷҲһɹ̫



839 ô죿

ůůɹһ̫ǬȻ˯˹ȥˡ
ҹ˯һȫĹͷˣˣ
ʱϸһ̺ӣǬ嵷ŵġ
Աߣź㶪è۵°ˡ
ף˰ĩϢҪȥһ裡̧ͷǬ˵
ǬǺһЦ˵ȷ̻档ȥʳ׼ָ̻
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¹࣬뱣غ壡չĵض˵
Ǭһů
գʵǵôôģ
ûжȫĽھһ
Լ֮ǰС½нˣӣ֪Ľеʧˡ
յϣɲʧˡ
ӵµģ󣡡պܶµ˵
⻰ǬЦˣ
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ǬۺҪ˵ʱ˵˵ʮ꣬ȣֻ׺ɽܰ£ҲҪ£
⻰˼ҪǬһͬʡ
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Ǭ֮ǰ飬˵
СҲˣ˶˵òˣͰѹŮ̫඼˳ȥ
ʱ˽˵˵磬磬ʳѾȥ̻ˣʲôƷֶУüʮأеˣˣȥСϻϹ棡
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ֻҪŵĹ룬Ϳˡ
ǬддСϻǿһ󣬱嵸ˡ
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ָǬæȥ˲
Ȼ˵ϲǸڣЩϿԷŵġһݳ󣬿ջվӰҪƻҽԸ
ˣȥ˯ɣҲ˯˹ȻŲӣ߻嵵ķ
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ţʲôҾȥһβΪôȥ˰Ǻñӣ˯Ǭȥ嵸ǺñӣȻԼ·һѣȥס



840 ԡ

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Ƿ֣үٶȱˣһССˣˣָֻٶȡ
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ǻĹ̵ķʾͼĿأը
ͼֽ󣬳ϻΪǬǻԭҪΪԼǿģû뵽ЧͼһͶ
ҪԴӴǰɳȥȻɵǷźľżĵطٱը䣬ͷǳˣ˭Ҳ벻Ϊʲôը˭֪ǻɵĻΪǱըӾأϻܺ⡣
һ´ȣ˵ȥǸʿһܲйʹˣ
𣡡Ǭһ֣˵壬ҲΪǵսҴá֮ǰΰŮɢȥͿˣ
ϻ۾һһ´ȣ˵԰ôû뵽ǵµ⣡
ɶʱˣǬûصһۣȥõĻҩʦһ𶯹
ǬֻԣֵģҪȥ
ϻǬȣȥʦˡ
ʮʦˣǶǬĹڳǬ̫ӼõģԹվôҲ̫ܽΡ
ǬͼֽǿȻͽˡ
һҪģǻҩ
ӹʦһֱڸŻҩըΪҩֻܱƣǬ˵Щת
Ǭ˸򵥵ӣ̻ûҩСɼƨɵ˻ҩ𣿡
һ˵ҶˣڿʼҪθ㡣
һҪֹĶͷҲǷǰըƤеǶЩҪȥԣԱһҪη֣ԼǬ˵
̣ɲһ㣬ֹ˸ܸõ
ǬŽװͷ
ͷҪڷɵĿʱը߾ҪˣȷڷɵĿؾ᲻ڰ·Ͼͱˣ
ҲܵĿغ󣬰첻Էȥˡ
߿ҩȻ˳ŵ㵽˵ߣͿԵˡ
һҪƽĻҩǶ٣зеľ룬ߵȼٶȣЩҪ׼󣬲ʲôĻҩõġ
֮һ⣬Ǵսʱ벢ǶһģҪԶҩˣģҩ˷ˡ
ԻҩҪзּˡ



841 ֹ

ģ
ǳǳأǱ߷ŻҪѻ䵽ϣӵĿǾ롣ĽǶȣֻӰ쵽е·̣·̵Ķ٣Ҫ㹻Ļҩ
ԣҪͽǶȣӶ·
նٻҩɶ·Ҫɻҩʦȥоˡ
·̾˻ҩǻˣѾ̶ĻҩˣԶĴ򲻵˷ѻҩǬ뵽һ취зּ
ּĻҩзֵġ
·һףΪһ׶˰ļǧ弶ڻ֪ʵʵսҪ·Ǻʵģʱˡ
зּôͷҩһģôҪЩּܶĻ
һʵսʱеķּĻҪһЩֻºܷء
Ǭ뵽ˣΪҩͷƤ
˴սʱ򣬿ʱװҪһĳǣװһҩȻͷԺҲԷḻҪʵ嵯ƵŮɢҪԺŪӵҲ˳װϣ۹
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ǬæֵסĴ̻ҡ
ǡǬ¶ã֮ɫͻȻ뵽ʲôʵǷ˱ը
ҩ﷢ը飬Ǻģ˵Ѿ˲ϰٸˣš
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⡭оﱬըİһʦվɵ˵
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ģǬ㶵ؿ
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ҩ־һĺԺм쾮Ƿӡʦ˵ľм쾮Ǿܻըըġ
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Ǭ棬ԺѾˣһǹʦһʿмƺһεסȴվŲм׸￴Ϸ
ǬҪʱ洫˺
ιΧʲôҪˣÿǲܣҲܵҵ·ˣ
⻰˵öš
ͻȻȺ׷ȥ
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۹һЦЦ
ųϻˡ
ʱϵ˶ܵòˣǬҲмʲô龰ˡ
мһССһĵߡ
бըĺɫۼղűըġ
Ūµһűըϻһӣӳʱܵڡ
ӣܲŹ֡
ݻǻ湫㲻ģйͷڣڻҩԻҩֵ˺ܴܣ
ʱ򣬳ϻħͷˣӦֹһħ˰ɣ
ʦʿ룬ǬҲ롣
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⻰һǬͷˡΧĹʦʿҲˡͷеס
ð˵Ӧ
ǬȥˡȻҪװŲʶǶ֪̫Ӻ͹һģԲٶȥˡ
ͷﲻڣǬվ˳ȥȵ
㻹ЩǬģ⻰æϵĶ¡
ӵ˵ϡ
˲һ



842 ڡ

ں㿴ǬֵʱΪԼˣæѻӵӵ˵ϣ˵ߣǵ߱ȼˣ̵
Ǭ˴ˡ
⡭
ȻĿССըӦò̫󡣵ǼվôҲᱻը˰ɡ
ղźҲˣܵźܣˣ˵󡣵λǵ˵ߵм䣬Ҫ·һ·ˡ
ʱǬͺ㣬ǴΣ֮ˡ
ߣǬһ˫һץ·ȥ
㱻һץҲ֪ãæ˳Ǭȥ
ĳϻȻԼܡ
Ǭȴû֣ϻûܣǽŶԺԱһڹһߣ֮ɫ
ԭĽҲ˺ǬһЬ
ڹһߣŰըסˡ
淢һԿڹжá
ࣣ
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װûǡ
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ըûǰըһȻڵϣһ
һ䣬㶼ˣҲغ˰µը
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Ǭֻװɲʶǡ
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Ǭ䰡䰡˻ҩǰ棬滹кܶըԻҩĹ˵Щը
µæ˵ЩըǱо͹ģҪȫһܱܲЧΣڵǱߵ˱󣬼¼¼͹ȥǱˡ
Ŷҩ⣬Եġ
Ǭ˫ѹں棬˵ţȻˣʮ䣬䲻ͬңҲҩЩף
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һԶĵطȻرЩԵը
ԼɲǸΪ棬ڲԣпѧĲԣ



843 ͬǳҡ

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һˤһΡ
Żǿһߵ忿ĸϣȻһһ߻ġ
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СһǱȥһˣˤȫˣþˡ
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л⣬һֱ˵үĸĥĥص˹ſڡ
Ǭ˰ĸӸȥԼ·ȥͺˡ
ص˶УǬȺͼ˴кϢһ̫˵ǼԺ˽
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Ļҩζ˵ԼŵҲ
С¹·ʱǬĻһһ̶Ƕ
Ǭɫһ䡣
СҲɫһ䡣
С̲סڣ˵һֺϱ졣
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һ룬־²ܹܣ˻Ǭ
Ǳ졣
Ǭ˵һӣΣžҪ˵ˣȻԼҪԩ
ǰģǬ˵
Сһ㶣ͣǾǿһˡ
˿죬ȻǺġСһ뵽ĶǶôǬϣ
һаĻ棬СµԺֲ̫ˣ
СĿʵǹ쵽˼㣬Ǭ
Ǭε˵
ʲôСţĿš
ģڻҩһըҪˣһΣգŰܣҳˡܴϣóؿڻˡ
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ƺûгֹһ㣬Ǭ֪СǺˡ
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СµˮһסǬİѱ۾͸ˮԿںëëм䣬ǿɰĶ
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ǬϣǸ͡
С°Ѻƽ󣬺ǬЦЦ
ȻСԡɶɶһΣ⵽˯ʱǬҪˡ͵˷š
һСӰվڲԶ
ð



844 ˡ

ǬţȴյСӰվŵһֱջ˻֡
Ҳ갡ôڽȷãҿɲУǬ˵
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֪ǬСûȤЦ˳
ЦҪ¾
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ͽϲûож٣Բû˵յȥ򣬲Ǭû˵Ҳû˵
һת漴һЦȭǬؿڣһЦһнشⶼɴˣ
ˣǬƵ˵
Ц˰죬ͣ˵ﾹȻˣһֵһʱҲݴʣֻ˵Ȥ
ͷǬЦʣô죿Ժţ
Ǭһ̯˵ô죿ѵȥ䣬ֻ
㶼ܽǸСµˣôģ˵ţƵС棬ס
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845 졿

ȻСץסǬһʹ࣬ܿ
һҪѹȥ
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ûпǬϵĶûͣ
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ǿǬˡ
ڹûԣֵġ
ΨһܳԵ⣬ڹ
ԴˣȻҲ֣ⲻǬⶼԲ
һǬĿЦתƻ⣬˵˵ôԸ֣
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⻰˵аˣǬȴ֣ƺġҲа
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ǲǬġһֱ˵ҪϤ֮ٳǶҪϤĹأûУЩǽ£ԺϤȫԳˡֻǬչĸܣԾû˵ˡ
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Ǭʱͼӻ˵Ҷ˵ˣҪɡ
ԽҪԽôôɶ񰡣
ȴǺ׵ؾĵߵ˭˵Ҫô
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𣡡Ǭסϲҽ֣
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ڴĿֵؿǬ
ǬһߣһЦһߺȲ衣
Цﶼ̵ģĲһ̣𱨸



846 ̲衿

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㣬ҵţǬȲˣָ˵
Цţ㻹һΣҧ
Ůˣŵ˶ˡ
бһҧֲ𿪣Ǭҧ˵
˳뿪ʱ򣬾Щ᲻ˡ
ͳſڣʵôôС
Ŀ⿴·ϵүĸӡ
ǬŰСԵ˵˳һӿɰѹжġ
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⻰ʲô˼
Ǭһ·׹뵱谡
ţԼ𣬲˵ׯŶԣԼҲùׯ׬ǮҪɡ
뵽ӣôԺͲ˷ˣҲù̲ζˡ
̲ζޣ
ô뵽أ
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ղŸжգſ˰ɣԽҪҪȥġ
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ķԱȻ֪콢ķԱˮƹ񣬶ˣҲٻһΡǶµƹﻹЩҪ̵ƹôܿľˡ
ϰ׼ʱʱ䣬һͣſڣʼΪǿͻһ룬Ǹƹɣ
ǿӣŮԻģƹŮģ
˲ʱմˡ
ҺãһˡӨ㻻ЬˣСְ֣˺ö࣡һȦʺſǸƹЦʵǲƹɣԭһεƹܵܲõİࡣ
ƹˣʵܲò˵ﰡ
дģʺȡ֣˭Ҳð
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Цˣǽˡ㿴
˵ţӻóǬԸš
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ϤĿͻգеغк
Ϥظǽܵˮ
ƹ֮·һοʼˡ
ǬгǣȥԺ￴˿µ鱨˽һ¹ȥ߾սԭ;
ȥ˻ҩ֡
ʱ䲻࣬Ȼ˻ҩֵĹʦȥҪԴġ
û뵽ǣǬ˻ҩ֣ѧǲҪ͹ʦǴ



847 źͱ

һѧңһǹʦһ߳һȥƺʱҪִ
˶Ѿˡ
ҵĻϻħͷȻҲڣ漣
εԱߣﳳﶷһֹûС
ⲻħͷӰ
ħͷݵǰɪ
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˵£ص䣬ֱ߶̵ľ롣Ŀصľ룬Ұ·ȴ˵ǣ˵Ҫһ·ϲƽˣɽˮˣô·ˡ۸ͲͬΪǲԡ˵Ǽʶ̡
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ǱߵҰ·ӶЦˡ
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ѧǶԵģͬһƽϡʵΪԭ򣬶ʹ;·б仯Ƿ㣬ĿһһͣͬһƽϣҪѧҪѧˡ
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̸ǵѧ֪ʶҲСѧͣһС룬֪ʶѵİ취Ǻļ
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Ұ·ģ÷ɼ߸ߵطȥȻĿȥ
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848 ĳ⡿

ҴӸߴȥȵʹɹȥҪ˺ܶϰ⣬Ǹõķӡ
Ұ·ӵķǶȡġӦҰ·ӵġ
Ұ·ȴȫ˳԰׷Ļɲá
˫ͬԷΪҪκ
Ǭͬ˭һʧȥϺģǺܲġ
ϻǱ߶Ǭһ¼ͷΪôิӵ⣬û취ǣŰɡ
Ϊǵİ취ԣǲǣǬԳ԰׷ʵ
԰׷ļᶨصͷ
Ǭ˵ҲΪǶԵġ
԰׷¶˾ϲ֮ɫĳɾ͸С
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ǬתͷʵΪǵİ취𣿡
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Ǭ˵ҲΪǶԵġ
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Ǭһ̯˵ǵİ취ǶԵģôβ֪Լİ취õġǾʵĶȻȥ䣬һһԱȣ֪˭ֻҪѰ취ˣܹҴƵȽǿ󣡡
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⻰˵˵Ķһ¡
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Ұ·ӵҲ˵Ҳ֪ǵָ뾭飬ģ
˵˾ɢˣ˸Եоңˡ
ⳳܵǶɢˣҲ֮ɢˡ
ϻЦǺǵ˹Ǭ˵ǵа취ղҹȰǸңҽЩʲôǰʲô밡ͷˣǻҩıһ¡Ҫˣֻһͻˡ򲻵ã˵Ѱ찡ǵ
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ۿǬ˵£ʵûʲôĶǶֻǡӡ
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ãʹɣһξͷסˡ
ģȷͷ۾۾һЩѹС
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ղǿҪǬϵǬӦˣǺ
ǬĻæɿ֡



849 ¡

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854 Ա

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ӴǲҪ֣Ҫ֡
ʿڸͶʯȥļɺ󣬺Ҫһְ顣
ιŵ㣬ǸҪȥ϶ȥͶʯȥǬæ
ҪΪְըȴܲ䣬ըǿɾʹˡ
æǬӦ
߰һȻġ
ǬЦˣ֪ڸмĹİ
㣬׼ˣ
е۾ȿ˿һҪܵ·ߣʾһźһʼ
еĻѣըϵĵߵȥ
̵
æܣ˷ˣǸĴæ˿׼ʱҪȥӡ
ѴӺϷ˳ʱҲ˷˵ĵط˫ϥڵǰһյ˷ˣҡ
Ͷʯı˵һ죬ų۷ȥը֮˳ȥ
ըǽϣ˿
ɹˣ
㶣˷ܵؼ
ɹҪ˵
Ƕ
ǬҲЦˡ
ǶͶʯװըȻһһص𣡡Ը
ӦһͶ
Σ㱨ˣ
˷ܵصһͷȻ˲֣ѣ˵ҵһ»ǾͰըȥ֪𣿡
Ӧ
ѣȻٵͶʯϵը
һ£һͶʯȥһһܵͶʯ˺ˡ
ͶʯñȽԶ˺󣬴Ͱը˳ȥˡ
Ժȥʲôġ
Щʧ
뵽һ취
ĸ𣡡ĸˣ˵һ̨ң
ǣÿһͶʯ󣬷䡣
ըһǽȥһһըǷǳ׳ۣÿģ
ʿǶһʿź󶼱òˡ
Ǭһըըȥһǽǽˡ
ȷʵһըǺ׳ۡ
Ҫ׳ۡ
ҪʹǰһУǲǸס
ܲһųĻס˰ɣ
ȻǾ̫ˡ
뵽Ǭһ´ȣȻȥһҩһ£ȥʵʩ
ҪзȴзֻҪ֣֯Ϳˡ
ǬŵʱһЩʹսڻ𵽴ҷһ
ϻȥ󣬿ǬǵɪӺ֣һ֮£֪Ǭµ뷨
۾һļ˵Ҳ룬ҩôҩôûôأںˣల󣬱ȻȺҰ֪ҴƵǿ֮
Ǭ˵һ˵Ҫ㱨
ϻİȥȥ
ǣǬͳϻͿʼ߻
ǲ߻ʱǱҲжˡ
ξϺڶѾսĿˣҲƵá
޻ʵ۵飬ҲѾڰ·ˡ
ʱ򣬸߾ֻǰĶˡ
ŵķִ磬һҪպãø߾ܴ̼̫ˣһͳʹƴˡ
ʱ򣬴ƲҲô򣬾ͶԴƲˡ
ִ絽ˣ飬ʼڳפʹݵʹߣҴƻʵۣҪһ̻Ƕ￴ɣ
ʱҲ֮ˡ
ʱ䶩ˣôǬߵĻûжͣͽˡ
ָǬѹǬֻûҩӿٶˡ
ҩתٶȿˣҪֺҲˡ
ҩһҪܵĵطԱҪҲϸǽôˣһشĹ̡
Ժﶼ˲ٵ֣ȥЩˡ
ǬҲڻҩġ
Ϊ֪иŮ˿ʼѰ˼ˡ
һ죬Ǭϵ˻ҩ֣ȻȥԱ
󣬿һļϣһ׳Ļ
Ϳ˺ɫģԵرĳɱ
ǰ棬ĸըȷܹѴըһӡ
׳Ĺӣװ˲ٵĻҩܰѻܳһξ롣ôҩһҪǱըʹˡ
뵽ǬЩûĵؿ򹤳ʦǡ
ʦϴ˷֮ɫǶԻġ
ǬòܴǣǾõһԼԶһ㣬Ҫ̫ˡ
ģĵվ
峡ܹʦ
ǬûŴһ뿪
ֻʣĸʦҪĵͼ¼Ĺ
һ𣡡



855 ڽ

һ󺰣һʦһӣǣ˻ƨɺĵװá
ôĻƨҪĻȻǷǳġ
ҪȥĻĻ˵ġ
ҪŪһĵװá
ӺûһƨǿĻ棬ŨŨĺ̡
壬ܣе棬ʼ
漴˳ȥ
ԽԽߣԽԽߣҲԽԽԶǬæóԶ۲
һȻ׷Żƨɿˡ
һͿ滬ˣײһǽˡ
һ룬룬䣡
һ޴ıըһ޴ıըð
̳ƽֻԭǽѾˣ
ãǬؽ
ʦҲ˷ܵؽ
ҲֻǸһ£ʱйʦɹɹ
˺ڶ俪ʼ
ţʿ̧һܻˡ
ȻӣҲһ򵥵Ļڼһһε䣬ɼ֧͢˻ҩһˡ
뵽Ǭʧˡ
ڵ֮󣬺һ˳ȥ
һһܵĻϵ
һ߹ܣдСС⣬ʧˡ
ǳɹĹܣȴùʦǬǸ˵ġ֪Լɹˡ
˳ɹѵʧ
ʱ䣡Ǭ߬һȭͷ˵
ʹ߹ۿˣ죬Щܽһ£õĻȫûġ
ͳϻһкǬͻ˶
סԺÿλؼҶǻյϲúܡ
ûб䣬رÿҪȥСºյתصĸ¥ҪСö࣬ǬתҪɵöࡣ
һΪʤǬҲϲô˶Ůˡ
һյķ䣬ɵ˴ϣһվȻûй
̧ͷһѩ׵С壬һ¿޳ȡ
Ǭһ㶣㣬ʲô
վȻ·ѹˡ
ǹ⻬ѩ׵壬Ǭ˶̲סСĸһ
תո¡СͷϡϡСëǬҪˣ
ѧųŮˣһЦ˵£ǿ³л̵µģҲҪѧϰһ¡
ҵأ
ǬҪܾһֱСΪģһֱҪԼڸСһһͬʡ
ҪǾܾˣֻһ󴮵鷳¡
ǬֻӲͷƤԼ⿪·Ȼ¡һҪԼԭ򣬲ܶаģҪѹסа
ǶǬһĥ£
ǬԼĺú̫أ̫֣ͬʱҲڵԼľѪܳ嶯ˣҲޣðɣǴ˵е޲硣
ڴԼʱȴ˿ʲô
̧ţ̧ţǬԼʱ򣬲ŷӦԼģ̧ͷһѹˡϸĵظǬ·ۺá
յϣֱˡ
¸Լѹ·һ˵˵֮ͻյһ鷳
ʱȴǴסˡ
ǲ֪Ҫˡ
ֻСµķ⿴ǬСһڴϹһʲôǬ·Сµ·ڴ£Ծˡ
ȴ֪·ô
֪Ǭ֪ģǬǲҧҧǶԼûһͬʣֻӦԼѡ
ǬദѾһˣղѾеʤɹָˡ
ԣֻѧˡ
ԣѧ
Ҳ·Ǿ·Ȼ֮ǰԼǼߵ顣
뵽˴⻬ǬĴĦܸоǬ£
һ㶣ƺץʲô룬ǲףǬ䣬ʼƽʱÿϻ顣
Ỵ̣̂
ʵ޿̣ǬֻôԼǴ߲ˣҲԼһֱڴһֱ
֪˶ãǱЩˡ
ƽʱǰʱġ
ʱǹ˰㣬ˡ
Լ۲һ£ʱٶġ
ӦԼ˶£̫Ǹֹͣġ
ƺץʲô
رǬƺڶʲôµǬڶ
֪ǬӦûа취
ڣոоʱӦǵˡǲ֪ǬǸǶ٣ܲµһšӦǵˣǬȴûкֹͣ



856 Ϸޡ

Ǭô˺ͣ
ΪǬˡܵͬʱŲԼޣǾ뷨սˡ
һսȥء
ԾͰʱˡ
նûʱǬǸ˵ġ
ʱ䣬ǶյӦĿͷûʱ䣬յȻǸˡ
ˡ
ΪǬȻԼޣǰ޲ף̣óģҪǬ˱ʱˡ
ʱǰˬи̼ˣ͵һѣ֪ΪգԼޣرǲﱬһΡ
ʲôҲʲôҪ֪ˣȲ˵Լǰ涼ƭԺͱضҪԼ˲ߣǬ벻޶ˡ
ǬͣˣʱˣҪҵĶŪ˰
һ˵һ
ҿ¿ܲˣը˳
æϿӣ˳ȥ
գǻǬղŵķӦ￪ʼ֮ܽǰķ֡
һصķ֣ƺ˲١
һЦ
Ǭ֪ǱܽᣬСµķ䣬СôôòŹ˵ˡҽΪǱǴڱıԵˣСߣûһͳˡ
С¸оԼίˡ
Ǭоֻο
壬ŪϢԽԽ٣СȼסԼĴȣԼĴȶŪʪˣǬС˯ȥȻ뿪Сµķ䡣
ص嵷ܵ嵵ѯʣôôŻ
Ǭô˵ֻñ嵣ǺһЦͺȥˡ
Ůһ࣬Ǹ鷳һŮϾˣӦˡ
ԽѧԽˣǲŪ
ţǬ˯˹ȥˡ
ʱ䣬һգ۾͹ȥˡ
һգ۵ʱ䣬ȴǰǬ˸æˡ
ĽĿ飬ȫˣһĲˣ棬Ϳˡ
죬ڵʾϰʱˡ
ȻҪչʾһ´ƵļжǿôʽϵȻܼˡ
һϣ糯ȡˣ˴󳯻ᣬ󳯻ᣬֻаٹ٣Щʹһġ
߾·ټã߲ЩСʹ߶ˡ
޵ʹߣҲУ޵ʹߣһǳְļһ
һŮԡ
ø߸ݵģƤ۾Щ͹һ
ʱվλϣỹûʼˡ
һ;ˣҲݣҪһòĻһȻ׻Ҫʤһ
ǬԱ߶࿴ۺ󣬾;Լ۱ˣæתٿˡ
Ǵӿʼ󣬶һֱӿڳˣ֪˺ܴί
ˣϡ
ǬΪǸʹ߻һ͵ңȻûУͼ
ҲûеһʱʣǰͰ
ǣһʱʵ
Ǭʱ֣ĿȻһֱȶûǿҪûһֱнؽš
ôһʱûɳƣǬˡ
Ŀڳ֪Ͳ֪ˣ̲סͬˡ
ʱʻվ˳Ȼ޻ʵ۵Ĺ飬ҲţSOS
һﶼܿһʱڵ˵ǵʱܰѿ޹أ
ǣһͨʵۿߣνǾ䣬ʷˡ
Ӱ󰡣
ᣬģ
ڳĲˣԸ߾ʹͶԳ޵Ŀ⡣
߾Ȼվ˵ǲȥ޵ģǱһʿɱǱ߾һũҵһֻìܣ߾һ߲ǲɱȥġ
ڶꡣ
ǺЩֵսĽ
˭Ҳš
ǰοһŮˣȻԸ߾ǴŻҪǲ˱ѳǸƵɱ߾ϡ
߾ʹҲְܳǸ⽻٣˵ĻӲ˵˵û˵
̬ȣ˭֪
ǽĽĿ͵Ǭˡ
վ˵ĳһȥۿ
ܰҫ˵ȻǴ󳯻ᣬҶڣǾһȥɣ
󳯻ĳأת˳ĻҩֵԱ
һ̶ӣƺƵɱ˳⡣
ʱǶ̲סΧ
̣Ǻټġ
ԱǬǰʮǸԱԱ½ģǽһʾĿĵϰеʩġ
ԱʵЩ˹ۿ̨
һ½ҪԱǻҩ
ʣڳедʡ
߾ʹ˻ҩޡ
Ϣʾҩȳֵģڴϣڱ߾ˣǲôʧǶţ߾ʹҪˡ
˴ƣƱ̬ȣҪ޳ͷ
ţִǵҪǿҩⲻ
۾˶ˡ
ڸ߾ƵĶи̬ȣһǹͬģǾǹΧǡ
ڻҩرĸȤرϣĸζʲô
ܵЩʹ߻ȵĿ⣬ر㡣Ǹ߾ҲǳһƵĻҩʲôը
ʹǣλ䣬ǲޣһǰϣһǿĻڣʲôģΣ룡
ΪƵĴ󳼣ȻԸԼҵܸ¶˿ˡҪƽʱһվֹˡǰźõģûд󳼳ԡ
ʹǣ۾ˡ
ԱĽĿǾʹ˾ҪؿһըʲôģŴԸǿѾˡû뵽ϲںͷǾȻԸǽȥһըʲôġ
Ǵʱ嶼ˡ
˰֣ȥ׼ƥ
ƥǰǽȥ
ԱǳεĳأǰһͷǽΪըİӡһͷǷŵԶĻ
ۿ̨Ƿ˰ȫм䲿λ
ҪȥǰͷǽۿȻٴǽ߹
ϻΪһεĵΣ
ߵǽϻˣ߽а˰ƽ׵ǽ棬ﲢýܣҿͺá
Ȼת˵һأǽһףһСͶʯһͶʯ嵽ʿţվλǳһӲʵľò
ͶʯԱߣһľӣľӴ򿪣¶ֺԲը
ʹǿЩը۾
װ⣬۾￴
£Сӳ㱨һͶʯӳվ˳һ



857 ֳ

ÿһͶʯһСÿһӶһСӳ
Сӳ࣬ҪʱĽ˵Ա
ĹкĸʹǽʲôըҪˣܸõ֪
ǬЦˡ
ⷽ滹ǬģԳϰĿû񶨣ǶСӳһͷ
Сӳһ¾Ȼվ˺ըǰ棬˵ͺŵȸףȥ磬ȸ䵽ϣȸ𣬸ȼյʹ࣬ǿѵ˵˺У˺ѣ
ʹߣŲӣŶϡ
Ļ󣬲ɾˡ
СӳĻ˵ġըʱ򣬵Ȼǻ˵ˣը˵ըˡֻǻһַʽ˵ѡʲôֺţȸףҲ֡
˵
ʹߣҪ֪ըйزϣҪӽһǰ㡣
Ļͬһ㣬ĿںţǶףжǵĸΣ̲סĲ
ǬЦˣźõϷ
õ˽⵽Ƶǿֲ֪Ļ
ڿʹߵ۾ãȻ;µĿ⣬Ǭ֪ĿĴﵽˡ
ҲͬˣѲһܺųϻǣһȥ
һͶʯǰ˰⣬ըǰСҪ˰ͺǵֺţǰ׻˺ص԰Ѵظ˺һӡض˺ѣ˵ǽˡ
ʹˣɫˡ
ЦˣǬЦˣϻЦˡҲЦˡ
ţһ㡣һǧԶҲ⡣
һѪɫһĻ˷̨ϡͺֺţֽ죬ֻҪ֣Ϳõ޴ӡ
˿أǴǰصĽϰҪըǵģôҲȻҪ䵽ȥ
ʹתͷؿԶҲ̫Զˡ
ǲĸһĲ²⣬Ϊһ˺µĵز
Цøһؿȥ
һߴӣһĻͿɫһɫȥ̫ۣǰҪ͵Ķࡣ
ײľһ߲ʹʵ
ʳϸоԾæ졣
Ǻܿ챻˸ˡ
ǰըģײľ
ײð̶˷ָˡ
ϻһЦԳܣ£ҴԶ1ţõ֪ôһգ֮䣬ǵ˶ʧƽʧˡ
1ţ
ƺǰЩʲôʲô޵ֲͬһ֣ƽģøʹ߶
⡰ײľ1Ųɶ࿴һۣ֡
رϻһλɫְ֡
ϻʲôˣ
ǱǰȥɳǵξϺڻҪԶħ˵ˡ
ħ˵1ţһƽʧˡ
һ£ʹɫȫǲҰˡ
ĵĺǺһЦ˵ȫѲˣҵȻعۿ̨ȥǶһ޿
˵ţ޲ˡ
æϡ
ص˹ۿ̨֮󣬶Գϻһ֣ʼ
ϻɤźһϰʼ
һʿӵӶӣһصͶʯ´
ǱӻӦһ£ʮͶʯʼʿǰըŵͶʯϣȼͶʯ˵һը˳ȥǰǽǰ棬䡭
һƬıըŨŨĺ̷кĻ棬ɳ
ǵ̻ûͣͶʯͶ˵ڶڵ䡭
һڵ˳ȥ಻ıըӾǷǳǿġ
ǬںڵϣϼϰؼĵӰˣһϰĲ߻ߣڿЧʱҲ̲סѪ
Ҫ˵λˣʹ֪ͨģ𺳵ƨסˡ˵ЩĸʹߡһЩڴµެ߾ĵйвͬǿıըﶼŵòһֹͣˡ
Ǭٵĸʹߣڱըʱˡ
ȵ̳ҿǵǰһǽѾƽˡ
ܶ˶վˡ



858 

ǿըʹ߲亹뵽ըҪǵĳǽϣǻʲô龰
ŴսߴĳǽԼءչڴǰģȴǿֱӰѳǽƽ̲ס뵽ҪȥǣôЩըһӣƳײˡ
һǲҪֻգۼ
ڶ󣬿ʼ׼ϻһ
ɲӵʹ߸пʱ䣬ڼƻõʱʼ
ʹһղȥֳһֱĸأŷ˵һôأǲǸ
һܺƽǽˣôأҪֲʲôĳ̶ȣ
ǵ಻һ
ۿ̨µĴʿϻϻӶӡ
ڶյԭشʿжزͶʯ
һ׼ϣ
׼ϣ
顭
ʮܴͶʯȫ׼ˣָԱӶһС죬Ŀ꣬ǽҽǸ׼
ˣ
ǰŵһͶʯ¶ǽҽǵһȥ
飡
ը˸棬˱ը
۲ԱоϱݣͶʯʼ΢ԡ
׼ˣ
һݶӣţ
ˣ
ʮͶʯһʮը˳ȥ
׼ȷ䵽ĿĸԼΧ
䣡
ըĹŹԭĸˡ
ڶݶӣţ
ʮͶʯ˺ըըǻᱬըķŭСһֻڻð𡣷ŭС¸ҵط˽ȥźľұըĲ״ӵĺң
ݶӣţָԱһ¡
ʮͶʯҲŰѷŭСѪ˳ȥ
ŭСڷɣָԱȴûţԵһݶĿ꣬
мһͶʯϿʼԣ۲ԱĿ⣬˵ŵݣֹҵ˳ȥ
ڵݶӺըʱ򣬱ըЧǰһǳǷǳ׳۵ģǴҵĿעŵһ·ȥУͶλĵĺϡ
ȫĽ㣬ǵ֮ĺӣ
飡
䵽˳Уը
۲Ա㱨ƫһ࣡
ž޸ĸȻ㱨صͶʯ΢
һ׼ϣ
׼ϣ
顭
һĻϢָԱСһӣ˵һݶӣţ
ˣ
ͶʯҴ
ʮź˳ȥ
ϷһָԱѾΣ̲סˣ˵ڶڶݶӣţ
ˣʮźɳȥ
ʱһûָԱһݶӣ׼ڵ
ָԱݶӣţ
ˣʮź
һʱ䣬춼Ǻڷɡ
ʱ˳Уıը಻ϵ
߸ߵĻ
ʱڶݶӵĺˣɽ˻Уһĺ䱬ըַ
ݶӵĺˣ˻Уıը󣬻汻Ƹһָһ㡣
ڶûоʹָֹͣԱѾµĿˣָ˳ǽߵװõݶӷ˷
ڶָĴģ
ۿ̨ϵˣһָסˡ
ָĴĵ˽о
ǰ˰׵ľ룬ȻͶʯĹͣؾͱҲǺǿ
ǰһǣֳݶӣըĿûбֹͣ
Ҫսϣǹսƽԭսһɱ˰׵ľ㹻ˡսҪƽ˶ָ࣬䣡
ǾͲ˵ˡƽԭս˶ĵطͱ䣬ô˻ˣҾһͳɢˣɢûɱģɢˣҷȥ׵ʤˡ
һ뵽Тʿˣ˷ܵǳ޼ɣĹ٣Ҳ촽°͵ĺһһġ
ʹǱߣɫҰ׵˼㣬彩ӲһҲҶﶼ뵽ҪĶǵı߾ϣǵľǰʲôĲ״
ʵǲˡ
ѾǰǸųˣǺ滹Ļء
ڵڶͣһƬʱ򣬳ϻˣõ׼ˡ
һ£ʿ˵װãǵƨܵĻ棬Żһ˳ȥԶľ룬ûڿзɵʱһЩͿɫģۿ̨ڲ棬ȥͿһܹܺɫĻźɫĻβͣɶ
Ȼ찡
쵽Ͽգʼ»֮С
ĴΧǼһģɢ䵽Уɢúܾȡ
к󣬰һ룬ҵıըһ𱬷
һʱ䣬Ƕ̺ͻ棡
űɵǣ˶վˡ
ʲôǵľа
ܻȥ޲Ĺǳأ滹˭ܻţûУǣѪǣ
ս֮У翹ģѪģͻƳ֮ǡ
ϻ˵ĳǡ
ǰɱͻʣһ·˶ٳǲ֪ͻʵ׶ͱˣһа׵ͻʵһɱˡ
ʱͳϻһĻѪ˷ܵĻ䣬վ
ǷʽǿǱȫɱҪĶˡ
˹ǣҪʮ쵽£ϸ¡
ɾͼˡֱӵ˳ſһ䣬ͶͶ
Ͷãţ
ڣͰѳǸˣ
ʡ£
ϳ̵ķ緶ϻվڸ̨ϣһҲԼ˵
ӣǬҲǿú˷ܣˬ
ߵˬˣʹǿɾ˵ĸоˣһһǿǵľжˣò˻˰
ĻȥһǲҪҪˣ
һʱ䣬Ƕо˾
Ǹоʱûпһ͵ڶ󣬴ʱڳ롣
ǳԭΪ˱ܿĳ
ֻһףǿɲġ
ϻʱ˹ϥǰ˵׼1ŵ
¶֮ɫųϻеĺ죬˵׼ˣ䣡
˵ţеĺӶһ¡
ϻӦһȻÿ
ĴҲС죬䣡
Ǳ߻һӣʾյװһĻˡ
һطХԽԽ죬ƨ˳Ļ棬þһ첼һ㡣
ؿʼ֮˳ȥ
ҶܿƵӰڸ߿ΨҶİ
ڴעĿ֮䵽֮С
˰룬һ죬һ޴Ļ棬
һĢƵŨ̷



859 ˵ġ

ըĳмȥ
һֻĴһǵĽƵˣ
ƿĸо˼ǿӾ
ϻ֮ǰڽܵ԰һǸƽĨȥˣóеԼôĶ֪
ǻûƽıը棬ǿӲؿԼԼʧ̬ˡԼƵĶ·˲ɣʧ˲ɣҪһܣУҪܣǻǼ򵥵飬ʲôüģȿˣ
סңԺ佫
佫æϣȻųҪɵȥˡ
ĴҲȥԵúʧ̬
ЩʹǣҪ˵ˣЩ˶һˡĸоľ
һһǵľ޵ˡ
ӵҲûκζˣҲû˸Ǵˡ
󲿷ʹʱæסˣĺá
һ̣ﻹ뷨İɣͷɣҪǰݵˣϴǺˣǲҪųڵ
ڵɶǣ壡
ެ߾ʹߣ̱ˣ
Ƕ֪ԼƵĳûģڴǳ˾ҲҲˡ
һֻ̣ǬһˣΨһûʧ̬
ֻƨɣȻϣʲôҲûзһ㡣
һϰԲˡ
ˣҲҡ
ϰУǰʵģĳĴըǬֽˡ
ǬŪĻҩ䷽ֻǺڻҩѣըôǿġ
ƶУѾǷǳ˲ˡ
ҪǸըƽˣЩ̫ˡ
ǬںԭӵըЧģһ뷨ҪŪԭӵıըЧһǷǳģйЧȻǸˡ
Ǭϸµļ㡣
Ǿ˵һĺըѾǰˣ״̬£һըװгǽƵġ
һĺڻҩըǬһ취
Ǿ֮У˻ҩˣλѡúãǰֱըУû˳Զװãųһը
Ǳըû˵ˡ
ǵĴ󲿷ֱըǵĻҩĹ͡
Ǭڿⱬը龰ǱˣʲôԭԲûжྪȡ
ʱըѾƽȥ¶˱ըĲԫϱڣѾˣǴƽʧˣ
ָҵصһˣһӶһ̣
һ𣬰ѴҶľ񾭸ˡ
ȻǬŵģʱǱһ£漴׹źõľʽʼˣ
ǰĵȻǾĺ̶ˡ
ôϵĹѪĽ࣬ڴѰӰʱ̶ӳǵߴӰɽװˣĲЬ·ĽŲ˿ǰһһ
⻹̶ӵһγڹ̨ϡûƾϴʹߣ̶Ӹǿһ̨
ҪһԺ󣬽ŴƵˡ
𣬽ɽ
Ѫĸ
ϻˣ׸ˣҲų
ղſըĺը֪˴Ƶǿ֮󣬴ʱ׸裬Ƕĸһᡣǿʵǰĺ͵׸裬ƽеĵˡ
̶ӹ󣬺İĲİԸսϿĴƵİǾ⵶һĴڡȻڿ˴ǿĻҩǿİӰǲСģСĸζ̲ס
İ֮Ǵ׵ʵǬײôáȻգ綥ģ˶ǣôһĶǳ˵˵ļսŶҫ۵ĶǴĶľǴ󽫾֮ˡɱ󽫾ǴˣðɣеļǸ̫˵鲻׼ѴҶҫϹˣ
һ߼Ľȥô
Ǭǲǵ顣Ҫսǲᴩⶫġ
ʱƤױⶫܸһ㡣
أΪĹյĶôܴһıأ



860 ı

ڳͶʯˣʿ
ͶʯԱߣż
ҶˣڿͲΪǺˣǴɱ
ֵ졣ʹ߿ѪӰһӼ
ں棬1ŵӰ
ǳ׶࣬ϱƳĳİˣǶ˸ղſըǿ龰
ˣԣ˿ʱ򣬶뵽ˣⳬȻһ֮󣬻һܣ
ôƻжٹأ
ʹǣʼ￼ҪԺκƳùϵζԴƱϥˡ
ıȥ˺վˣʼݽ
ݽҪȻһ¸ĲףδƬɽȻһһ׷
ĺƽˣΧĹҶˣǻһЩмСԴƻӵǴ˴ƵСǵ⡣
ǲԵģڴˣʵˣӦñСǡ
ԣЩмСҪٲ֣ͱִƴȥˡ
ҹϰΪôҿһûʵ
ļˣŻҲŻˡ
һת˵ǿˣҲΪȥ۸СˣΪսΪ˺ƽɲĳС͵һȥˡ
˵ģ
ߣǹҲһάºƽǿѺùҷսһӰ쵽ƺƽƽĹңĴ
в˵ġ˵װ
ƣȴ˶ˡǻϣ˵ģЩȥǡ
̫ʽУһнУǧǲ˶ȥǧһ˰βᱻѹϰǧˣаǧı¡װƣûװ˻ᱻ˱ӣϴ󣬾ǿԽ˺üûú˵ˣװıƣͲװˣа
վڰǬȴ֪ⷬΪˮģȥˣһ¶ˡȻ¶ڶڳ˵ֻǽˮƽĵϣڵġѾˣҪһͬεĳʲôһֱһĵλЩй£ΪӰͷϵҪԴʹʱ뵽ⳬ
ĻͼӰģϾʹվǰˡ
߲λԺĸһεһС˵Ǵڴ֮еһܵƵƸһЩŶչ˸һЩԣڴƵ̬ȸӵԡ
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Ůʵ˵á
Ҫһ㣬Ưһ㣬ϲһ㣬ǵһܣǿ˰ɣ
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⻰Ǳǻ޵ս
̬ȣҪġ˵ͷͬĻ˵ǣȻס߾˱ٺò˴ζ֮ǣӦȫ黹޵ʧʱֻȨ
ⲻǺеͷһǵ˲ˡ
߾ҲһֱԴ̬⽻ģĻȻЩˡǼƳĻҩǿ󣬲Ǹ߾ǲƷĶܱȵģֻ÷ˡ
߾ʹͬҲֻ˵ϱ߾Ļʵ֪ԺôԺ˵
̬ެʹ߳ˣﹾһ󷬻˼ǣެҪʹͺãҪʹƺףެΪƵŮͿԶȥˡ׵ʱ򣬴Ҳһըȥެ
浱ɵˡ
ƳߵĴ󳼶ӣʹ߶ͶԵ̵Ŀ⡣
ˡֲܲǶǬһۣ˼ԣǬӦ
ûи
Ǭֻվ˳˵ެ䣡
ƺղŶʹ˵ģҲ֪ԲԣֱӰˡ
УǶԼһԼһгɾ͸С
˵ǲͬĺҪ󣡡
⻰ǸĴ𸴡һެʹɫòÿˡ
Ǭ˵ĸ飬ǽѺõĺ뽻ϵģǿά֡ެеҪҴƽȫϵ̬ȣŵߣҴҵýũҵսĻҴʱӭ
һ䣺Ǿ½ҲǻѺõĹҽʵĽġ
⻰ެʹߣʹҲ۾һҪܺʹƽо½ǲ֪ǵĻҩ֮䷽
Ǭ˵ܾףǴΪެѺãҴƹڶûʻѡҶڹĻҲڿŵ״̬޸˭ͼ޸˭ɳָ飡
⻰һԺ˭Ҳòʵ۵Ĵͻ
ǬһЦҪλĿڳǵĹôɾһõԵŶ



861 ˹

⻰һʹǵ۾һ
ֻҪӳÿͿõĺøУֻҪ͹̸ͿȢع
ĺ£
ƳһֱͱĹҺףҪףŸƵġƳĹɲǱ˻Ӹ˭Ӹ˭ܺ׵ģƳϿҪύģܺסһЩûʵĹңҪûšҪᶼԿˡ
ެҲǹʢʱŻס
Ҳ͸Ĺ˲ƽȵĴ
Ǭһ˵ôǶ˵ǶƽˣͿԼıˡ
ʹ󣬶ڿҪŻȥڣɿӵ椰ݰ׸ֻҪˣԼĵλҲҴô
ʹ˷ܵʱؿǬһۣСϹˡɻûк飬Ҳ˵
뵽Ǭղ֯ϰǷǳãйͣ־ԸѾǿ࣬Զ˵ġһ˵飬ûлȥڿɿƵķΧڵģҲûгֹ
Ǭʱͷǳ亹ġȻǸо˵һۡ
Ŀĵġ
ȵһȻҪǿһȽɵĻҪôԺǵҸյԼˡʷƳжλҸĹû취һǸΪĸ֮Ѹ޸˷Ķӣ֫ͷԼ򵥵ķŰŵĸȴ˱Űñӡֺն˱ʧޣ췴ˣͷɱˡɲ˵һ硣
ʷϵĸǬڵСϻðɣϹ۾ãһ޸ĻᣬѾħˣѾͷȻԼ˷ˣԼ˵۸Ϊ۸Բų˿ɲϹܿʲô˼𣿺ðɣѾͷͲ˵ˡǬһȺɰãǬôҲҪǴһɵĻñϷ
ԣǬλ᲻͸˵˳ˡ
ĳ˵Ϊһ̫ӣ˵ĻȻзġôҲվԡ˺󣬾ͳ˹֪ˣԺͳ˷ˡɵĻҲγˡ
ڶĿģ顣ǬղҲ˵ˣڻûһλʻ䣬Ҳǰʮı׼ˡ˵֮ǰڹȦγɵϰߣɢȥЩʹ֪˶֪ƳŮʮżˣѵƳ˷
Ŀģзðɣ˵ЩаˣѹǶնһ㡣һʣ˲ţʡ
֪ڳݵƳĹôһǻȨӵݹЩȨƵӣȨӪĵڶ̳˵ӣү֮ӣ
Щʲôϵһˡôóйʴ󶼵ʵ˳ĺôӣôԺκڸҶԳĵʱҲЩӸǽȥҪһòãǿɾǵеĹˡ
椿ɲһܰɵ¡οǹҪ˵ģʱˡ
Ȳ˵˵ӵѣɶ˳ˣ˳ľû˳ҵ
⣬ЩֻŹ²ǲܵģ㿪ʼǺȻѧˡǾѧ˾ӪӪӪҵ
ǾӪʲôܸӪͻ˲šЩ˲ŲǳΪˣǾһʯһһĲˣûǺܴġ⾭ӪҲҪǮƣһʵˡ
ôĺôǬ˵ȥ󣬲뵽ġ
Ϊ˵һ˵ġһʯ飬ôҲ᲻Ӧ
ȻˣҪʯͷӳȥ󣬻ҪǾ͸ˡ
磬˵Щ˹ɾ¡һλῴˣôã˭ȥе
˵ƽʱٳҲǵߣ߶ڣ׿һҪ͹Ƿǳ١ټ˵ĹԸԭʸСˡ
Ҫ󣬻йĳһˣôʹɣ͵ҵһ
Ȼ⻹ڿԭžġ



862 ƾ

ʲôԭ
ȻǲѺõĹң׼Ĺҡ޹ȥҲ
ԻҳֹǿסǸ˵ģҳܿƺҴԲԣҪӣô͵ȴңץˣټ޸ˡ
԰ɣǬ˵Ҳһ˵ĿںţҪǲܼ޵ˣǻڲа취ġ
¾ͺһ˵ʲôңʵֻﻹǲģȨȻڡʣֻǸŴй˼һΪյĹ߶ѡ
ðɣ˵ˡõģٺٺ١
һʯ񣬶ʯͷǻɵģĺ£ңܾ
뵽Ǭﰲ
ʱıѾϰҲ˽βʱعеˡ
Ҳسˡ
·ϣȻǬ˽ǬĴǬһҪĻҪ˹ȥ
죬ΪҪүû취ģүЩ⡣
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ǬٺһЦǬȽ
棬ЦݣԱ߻Т
ƺ˵ʲôĵĻЦúϲ£졣
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Ǭ£̰䣬£ȵ˵
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֮ϰǷǳ֮ɹʵûҩܰԭ̻Ļҩ࣬ԺȻս޲ʤЩ޵̬ȸˣⲻ˵Ǹ߾ǰǴӲ޵һ£ެΪԼ˾ͿԸ޽ˣǿҳˡʵ̫˴ʹ죡
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ǬӣԹƽı
ТԱţҲ˵ţĿжǬ֮ɫԽԽŨ
ϻԱߣȻûпմǬĹ⣬ǬҲͬڿ
ʱһת˵ϰҴ֮׳Ҿģ˵оˣ´λ
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ϰıŻˣôƾǿģرѪνǺô࣬ȻҪȥԲǬʡ
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ʮ죬һıĹҾٶ࣬ҲһһΡЩˡ
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ǬҲЦ˵ʣıʽôҪĻӦøһգһԵӵĲĳĳ죬Ҷ֪ıӣӡ̡
ŶǾͶڽΣϥǣ˵
ȻıôֱӶڽ죬Ҳü
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ԣǬĻ뵽ҪӶռˡ
ǬĻȻ˵Ǳ˼ȴ˵ֻܸٸ˵˼
άǬοˡ
ʼԼҪһıģǬĻѾıˣһξͺãһյļա
ڶ̲棬ֱˡ
ȷʵһǶ˵㣬ñСӰԣΪһһξͺã̬
ϻҲ˵˵ģˣҲᷴ
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ˣ۾ˡ
ΪҪһһΣû뵽껹һΣǼá
ãˣһƣ˵
˵¶ˣ˵һ¹ξٹɳǵ¡



863 ھš

˴ЧѾˣ߾ǰ˱ġ
ԣξٹٹ²ܻˡ
ǣ߾˻ҩ֮󣬲֪ʲô֪ڿεϰ󣬸ʲôԣ߾˵仰ʱҧ۾˺⣬¶һӼʮȡ
ТͳϻһͷͬҶʶ
һ£˵֪֮£ҷӦҪ׼ѹס˵չʾĻҩ޺⡣ӦÿŰõˣ
ϻһͷТȴ˳Ĭ
˵̬ȵĲͬǸĹϵĲͬ
ЩڣսƻͱǿˡоӶ𣿣ÿүзأоӡ췴ľеõ۵үӻ췴үս췴ĺ
ТһֲһȻȨָǬȥ˼Ժѧ࣬Ҳ˲Ȩ˵˵ڻңھӣڰٹлߵġȽ⽭ɽһġҪˡ
ТΪβԣǿТ۸ˣӣ
Тȭ˵£Ϊҩֵµ̫ߣҪڣɹ㣬硣飬ʱáҪսٰѻ͵Ҫսıϣսջ
ӵصڣӶ˻ڣֻҪʱŻȥ˭ͣȻ˵㡣Ի˵㡣ջǻԣֱӹʵ۹ˡȨȫеϡ
ϻڿТûеͷʱ˹
ⷬ͸˼ˡ
ǣΪ˲عТĻ˾廯Ǹ⡣ڳｨһרʹûڵģҪսʱɱ׼ȥˣٻڡսھٻسʣھʹضڣ
һ͹涨ڲǴսʱŵͨϣɳľţ˴һȥ֮˴ٻУһսͨʿڶûһ¡
ˣڻڵĿƸϸˡ
Ҳܿĵοص˵ͷ
ã»ȥ󣬺úù滮ʵʩ
Ҫ滮ھţǰᵱȻҪҩִоҵչҵˡ񣬾䵽Ǭͳϻˡ
ʱΪڣŪô
һʵۣһ̫ӣһүһ֣һӵĻᡣ
Ǳй֮Ƕ˰ƣȻǼƻǿĵ˸߾Ǿӽ衣⼸Ǽ򵥴ֲڵ˵˼䣬Ǵ˳͢ĻУȴҪд󳼣ЩǶæϼ顣
̶ӻص˹Уʼ˹硣
磬˳ԷȻҪ
ϷҲҪһ߳ϣܻζһ¡
ԣǬͳϻΪһϰ֯ԱϰôãȻҪˡ
ڹ翪ʼ֮ǰʥּˣǬ˴ĽʱҲܽԷ͸Ǭ
ʹͣǬˡ
ǮʲôģڶˡӽǮ
ðɣǵ˦ƹһ㿴Ǯֻǿʱϵһ֣һٽӴǮǮ
𾪵ܽԷ
طϴ֯ũҵѧԺȥһΣǵطְֵĴλڳǵĶϽϡĸһķ䣬СܽԷһ߽кüô٣ӦΪ˱ܽغľɫôһɫĵطȻǬһ޴ľϲ
ö𣬲ܡǬЦˡ
ͬϯе̩ЩʵؿǬǬΪ統ȻҪдӣ߹ȥļ򣬵ܰпչܽػ԰
ʷϣ̫ʧƣκ̩裬ܵĳ谮ǮܽԷҲ͸̩ܽԷ峯ʱ빬ӵʮܻ꣬ʮ̩ܽغ˵̣ܽص̣ܶʫʫʷ˲
ʷäǬǲ֪ʷҪ֪ˣһ˵طߵġ̩ǲ֪ܽԷġҪ֪ˣһᱻġ
Ǭɢ󣬴źϢȥԺ
ǵԺȴûˡصĹŮ˵ȥԵµˡ
ԵµǶ£¶൱̫糯̫
ȥʲôǬˣҲȥҪˣǳɶӴˣ



864 ܽԷ

ǬæȥԵµͿһһĶŽС
ѽвŶʱ򣬶һƿһµа嶯Ǭȥƿˡ
һǲڶۣƷǮֱ̫ˣϲ
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ⲢӰŮǵϲ֮飬ǶǬĳݣҲǸߵ˼㡣
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Ůϲ˵˵ǸǬԱߣȲ裬һ壬Լ˵ȥ
һϰǶǬȽصġش㶨ˡǬҲԷżˡ
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һĻĹ֡һˣڱܵĿƣǷǳߵġ
ʲôбܵĿƣ˵һ¿ձ鶯ƬһߣһΣǱܿơ˲ߣǼǿƱܡ
վǿƱܵĸ֡
ܹΪŮʣ˿ƱܣѹֱܣһģԽСԽá
ԣĻ̫ˣҪô̫ѹˣҪô̫Сˡ
ǬͰ棬뵽ˡ
̫ѹˣԭⷽķѹסˡҪŮһëȴú١ˡ
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ԼһˣҲҪԼһӵˡԼҪʯŮҲǺгɾ͸еġ
뵽Ǭˣʵˡ
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865 Сڶ

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ش˵ʲô
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Ǭ磬չԹԵ˻ȥ
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Ҫ֪ԹԹ߻Ķʲô



866 ٽĵ

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868 ĩûˡ

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ͣһۣǬ˵ڻϱһСʱһ㡣
ʱһҳˡ
Ǭһ
ȥ˾ͺá
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ֱӷһҳ˺󣬾ͷſˡ
ҵȻɵԺҪɷӽ̸ĹΣ͵˵ȥϿΰɣ
Ǭ˳̾һ
о춼Ҫˡ
Ҹôһҹͱأ
ϻضʱǬֶһ飬Ҫһ鰡
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ĲٵˣͻȻӼӴ󹦿˰
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һֻǷ˰ɣҲˡ
ˣͱɵӦøɵĻˡ
뵽Ǭǰ̾һȻ֣һԼС檣ˣ
죬ĸ㡣
ǷӸĳҵҲ緣飬Ǭÿϴӽĵλ˳顣
ٵ
磬ûˣԱǬţ飬ûΣͷĸп
Ǭͷûи̧һ£˵㶼ûˣô죿
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⻰Ǭ͸оԼΪ˵Ϻûйʡ
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ţһ£Ҫʡ漴ͱ첻ˡ
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ĿȻǬʵղǽʱ֪ô
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סˣôúͱ˵
ˣӣķС˵
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ķһˣȻӺ˵ǲˡ
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룬̫࣡
ģǬ뵽֪⹬׷Ϊʲô
ǣһҪ׷Լعȥ
ûʲô·ҲȵúܣǬ벻ʱʲôҪһ̫׷ġ
漴뵽־
׷ȥİɣ
пܡ
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ʲô˼ȥ
Ǭһѣ˵ˣˣ
Щ˴ˣǬŹ˴رϣȻ
һʱǬ˳Ǹ̫ںӳܡ
ֲܰ˵Ǿʱ޹صĻͺúܴʱ˵úС
˾ǳ֡
ȣʲôǬߵ
̫Ǭæ죬ȻߵǬߣʾ
ǬԷ˵һˡ
ص˻ׯ̫źǬ˵⡣Ȼɹعġ
ҪŰ
ذɣǬε˵
ǣص˸¶־վԱߣغš
ʱǬˣվ˳˵
£̫ӵ²˼ѧϰӿΣһƭӣ˵ҪʾǸղųʱδй
С־ǬҪ˰
Ȼ˵ң
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Ǭȭ˵ظʣһЩҪȥ鿴һ£֪ǲǰĹ켣ڷչҪûȥŪˡԸˣ֪
˵־һۡ



869 

һۣ־һá
Ǭջ۾˵֪ڷһˡֻ˵򸸻ʾǶ֪һŶȥ˵ùִ˸ʣԲûй˵
ɫÿʣʲôĹҪȥ
Ǭָ̧һϺܰ׵ֽ˵дֽׯϵֽġȻѹսֽÿֽͻᷢһֽҪһֽǷãǷƹ㡣ҪǲȥͲܰõֽƹƵİˡŶڷӺ͸ʣҲЩֽ
˵һž֣־󽫾ֻˣ񣬸ĻҪȥҪǲŸͲ֪ʲôˡ
ˮ೧ÿҪ֤дˮ֤ˮ·ϵʹãҲòöȥһ
ҪĿǬչģʧȥǬȷʵ֪ᷢʲô顣
˶һ㶡
Ŀ˵սԵģȷʵǲܵ
־ҲǴˡ
ĥһ£˵ȻΪ룬ȥ鿴˹̣ƭҲǲԡƭӣҲƭޣǲԭ֮ڷٳ顣
˵꣬һǬ
Ǭ飬˳ǣðɣˡ
ȭ˵Ƕ󣬶Ҫȥ鿴ҪйաȻžֳ˴£ӰҴƱ߾ΣĴ£
ΪǬʱҲ뵢˹£üͷͷ˵áͷ㡭
һ죬շһ졣Ǭ˵
һ£ֻôӦǬ˵á
õ˷żٵȨǬҲ־˵ˡ
ͻ˶ȥˡ
պٸսҪ顣
鳭飬ð
飬һտȻֻξͺˡ
ţǬͶˡ
ǣддȴ֪ΪʲôҪΪԼɾͲˡ
ܲһֱȥɣ
ǬϷ飬ܿڹﻹȦﴫˡ
һЩǬǬ˵Ҫúѧϰ
ǬǵʱҪ˵ϡ⻰˵õģֻװЦ˵õġ
һЩСǰһӼǬķڼǬԿˣ̲ס¶ֻ֮ɫӣȻѧǶǬǱּʵģڿǬˣӸˡ
һˡ
ղţǬھ̫ǰߵʱ··ɣȻͣǬЦЦðûһ·һ߱
ûټˣӵ߿ʱһƬ·ڿӢﵥʣӲһµʱһʷѡ
ʱڱڱлĹ⣬öԺ
ԺͰʺȥɣ
磡һβ
Ǭһȭȥ
ǳ鳭ôǬʡһȭˡ
תͷʵ˧ôؾˣ
˧û̵ģ⻬ʱȴЦøջƵġǬĻ󣬻ص磬㻹ӭϵܲɣ
Ǭ۾飬ʵϸ²ոʴȥ˷һһȥʱ䶼ôڳ
١˧һɣ˵˵Ҳòᣬܲһɣ
ţǬһײһ£޵˵ҪɲһŰ
ǬԱߵ˧ЦôһŲͺˡ԰ôˣ
ȴǬѾסˡ
ιιιðѣҵһӲͺˣ˧˵
ǬҪԼ˼·
һǬʮĺʳ𣬱̫زлͣ
Աߵ˧仰ɴˣſ˵磬Ҳǹģ㲻Ұ
æְǬ˵ֻһ£̫ӣǧ֮һػ˵ôҲҪԭһϵܰɣ
ȥȥǬĵ֣˵ûǻ¡һҪлأ
ɶУ˧סˡ
ǱʳǬĻæ˹
¥ŮǬĻΪǬˣæ˳
Ǭǻ˻֣ʾû£ǲù
ţǬתͷ˧ʵ㲻֪£
˵Ū˸̣ˣ˧˵£¶ϲó֮ɫ
Ǭϵ飺أ
˧һ㶣ʵһҪ㣬ôôˣ



870 ̫ӵˡ

һֱΪǬĬ˧Ǭ£˫°ͣ˼
ӹ˧ү֮󣬾Ҫȥˡ
ǻǿװس
ǶԴһֻ۱һֻۡ
Ҳ˵пġ
˧Ϊ֣װˡ
ǬǲҲΪ˲鲻ܿ࣬Զأ
ţ취ǳУ
һ뵽˼ϸˡ
ϣǬһʱͷû̧Ƥᶯ˵ȥܽԷһ䣬һһʺϾסرʺиס
һ٣漴ֶµּдšûжʣӦ
ڶ죬Ǭ緹̧һΣȥ糯
һ糯ƺȥˡû뵽糯ʱ
ǰһʱ䣬Ǭù˲ٵĵ¡Сԯ磬ˮңϰеĹٴУеĴǣ͵úܣڿǬȻˣǶˣȻ׷׹ô¡
һԼΧͷǣǬﲻɵøж
Ȼʵµİ
ΪԼļƻεذ˰֣˵λ岮ֻС˲·ͺã
һҪĲλˣʹ̱
оսĴǲɸӹģѵǰһ̫ˣ
Ǭ֣ڿڡ
ʪĴЦѵҹ̫æ
۹ЩļһһЦ
Ǭǳ˳飬ʪн͵ҹ飬ˣ
һ̫ӲǲѧϰôھȻǶˣһ߻ɣһ߰οǬȰҪѧϰеǬѧϰľ
ϳˣǬΣ˺һ£ȻԸ³󣬽м̫ҽǬ塣
Ǭл
³ź㣬ż̫ҽǬ
ĽˣҪǬúϢ
̫ҽߺǬ˸ε棬ȻȥĵϿΡ
ɰǬĿ׷Ӹᶼˡ
һ죬׷ӽĿˣҵҲˡ
ڶ־ĿΣ˿κǬڸ¥һֱûгϣ¥ϵĵƻֻ洫һҵڳˣ
Ȼһ죬Ǭûȥ糯ûȥϿΡ
̫ҽԺ
ʺϢᱼ
Ժĸ¥洫ǬĲҽ
ܲôǬ
̫ҽҪǬͣ¡
ʺҽͼˣӹţô̫ӿģȻеôβں˰
ĻǴ޵ĻûԱ˷̫ҽ
̫ҽʺŭ߳ŵһ£
ʺ󣬲̫ҽǣҵ̫ˣǬس
ʺĨĨᣬǬ˹ȥ
ǬôˣôˣʺǬĴߣʵ
Ǭ˳Żʺ֣סԼ֣˵û£ֻ۶ѣͺã
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ôԽԽأ̫ҽ𣿡һ˵̫ҽ۾̫ҽǣʵôģ̫ӵΪβã
̫ҽһ£
Сӵ˵յ¿λ˵ԼЩˣ鳭۵סˣ˯ºˣ
ʺɫһף䵽˱㣬ʵ̫۳ΪλҪ飿
ڷӵĿΣڷѧϽѧԸҵòɣջص
־֣ʺüͷʵΪʲôó
飬ʮ飡ʵص
ʺ⻰ݽҧ˫ָ߬ڶǰ׵ģ
һ̣ʺŸ߹ϣɢĸ˵
ʢ̫ҽǲòһ
Σʺ־Ű̫ӣнɱ´ã׼ٳڹУ
Ļһһ̫ȥ
תͷʵ̫Ӧƣ
ģƹѪټԲҩƽȵ˵˵ҪĻҪõϢȻκƶЧ
ʺͷ𣬳ǬȥϿκ糯ԺϢͺá
⻰һҪġ
ǬԻʺʾлһлɰѻʺˡһӾȻҪĸ˵ллллĸϢѡ
֮󣬶Ǻ޼
ʺڶ￴Ǭһֱ뿪
ĸ¶һû֪սֻ֪ʺһֻսĸһ˸¶漴˶˳Ȼʺʱһֻ߰ĸȸ
º˷֣ʵ۱Ҫˣһߵסˡ
û˸ǵסȥ¿˲ӦÿĶ
漴ͲǬġ֪װس˧һȥײǬ⻹ˣǾ͵ɵһץˡ
ŶץǷ׼
ʺϳ־ûйʡҲû˸ҹʡ
׷־ʱ˵ڵܰ޵ܰ
־ͷˡ
һֻҲ˻ʹˡ
죬Ǭڴϣ˵ĸ󣬶оĿ̫ѹˣԽԽҪȥɢɢġպܽԷﻷöȥܽԷ
ʺóԵһλģصͷͬǬҪ
磬ʺͷ֣ȥܽԷʰɨһ顣ȻѡһٽߵĹǬסǬܾˣ˵иãʱ˵һ߲ԶĹ
죬ǬͰȥܽԷеģŮˣʳԺǰϤĹŮ̫ࡣר̫ҽŶӣ̫һ̫ҽŹˡ
˧ΪǬһˣڱҲǻسǾһɣ
ǬĻȥ˧Լڵõͬ⣬͹ܽԷչ̫ˡ
˧ˣǬҵˡȴû뵽Żʺˡ
ĸôˣһػʹﲻ㣿Ǭĵ˵
ʺ󵭵һЦ˵ܽԷһҪˣ
ãʺҲסˡ
óʺںʲôսҳߣ˺ԼܽԷȼˣ
ǣǬҪ˧һ𷢷Ϊû취ˣֻʵڴϡ
ʱϣƳȥ濴Ҳõ£



871 ֵ硿

Դӵܽ԰ǬӾˡ
ȷʵˣΪھԭ򡣵Ƕһ׳˵ᲢʲôֻҪϢͺˡǬװأȻΪҪװˡ
װ֮󣬾ͿӵܽԷżˡ
֮ǰѡӣġ
ǬպҪװʱ־ײˣǱʺȥйˣҲͲǬˡ־ҲЩˣá
ܽԷǬȥϿˣ糯ˣһʲôҲøˡ
װᣬҲں˹ˡ
úͿԵܽԷĴߡ
ܽԷľɫȷʵرĺãҵط󣬲һӾˡ
վܽغǰ棬ǬһСʯӣȥˮƯһۣʮһ
ǬԱߵ˧Ŭһ°ͣȱȣ
˧Ҳһʯͷӳȥʯͷܿͳȥˡ˧ͷˡ
ǬЦ
˧عͷ˵ʮ㣬Сıʺ
ðɣ졣
ӻͣͣһɽǬͣ˧һ˵
˧סˡ
һ˵ӽа
ˣǳӵĽʲôֵġ
еʮ㣬ЦûҪ졣һֻǿ׳ļһץǬо˵
⻰˧ˡ
ȥµʱǬץżֻ档
ųҧȷʵǺ档ҧҪһֻҧһֻаҪˡǬȴԳӱúܡԵǿùʱǬͰѳӸǺɨˡ
ȻˣҲû˶˰ã˵ʲôӵġ
ڿǬᵽ˳ӣ֪Ҫˡ
Ҳгӣ˧ֵʡ
Ǭûлͷ˧˵ץţʮ¾ͿԳսˡ
ӵŵĶࡣ
ʱǬѾſʯͷϣųӶҳĸط
һǬˣһʯͷῪ
ңûҵٰῪʯͷҲٰᣬһֱᵽҵֻӣǬЦ
Ǭ߬һĵȭͷӾ棬ܴĳӽ
硣˧ָָʯͷ
ЩʯͷһСȺɽµСʯͷǬȫƵˣƷڱʯѡ
Ǭͷһһ£ǳ˳飬ʯͷƣˡ
˧һҲæˡ
һ̫˹ʯѣˡ
⡭
㿴һָǬķǿ˧Ӱӣ¡
˧Ҫ֪Լ˺ڹ֪ʲô顣
̫࿴˧Ȼǲˣֻùܼɽ̫࣬þͳˡ
ļ죬Ǭץжȹ
ץӣѧʵġ
һֻϲŻУرǰʱ
еģǷСһֻǿ׳ģȴûǿ׳ġǿ׳Щʵ
Ի䣬Ĵʿɲ˵ġ
ΪУǬרȥչӡ
ʱķѾʮֻˡ
һ࣬ǽǳˡ
ⲻΪ˲ҵıиǬæЩƿƿ޹޵õȥ
׼Ҹӡ
̫ӾǺá
˻Ϊ򷿶Ŭȴзӡ
ӣʵҲ˵áҳֻǶ˳˶ѡǵֻһֻʱǵĽȴСٵһǳǳöԸӵ̥Ǭ˵
嵵ֱʺţĴС
գգۣǬ
˵ôã㶣󲻸ҲǬӡ
֡
Ǭһϲæʮƿһƴĳӣ嵡
ֵ磬Ҫȥȥܣܸ磡Ǭ˵
嵰붮صͷ
Ǭĳӣȥ档
Ҫأ
뵽˧ٺһЦŹӹȥǱߡ
ҧҧֻ˧ſϣغ
Ǭ̽ͷһֻڻս
Ŷǻսֻһֻ
ȺŹ
ֻΪ췽Źߣ׺ңʱͺ췽ҧҧһңȴԱ͵Ϯҧס˺췽һֻȡ
ף췽ôֻһֻȣ
۾ĵطһңڶһߣһֻҧ˺üڵĴȡ
ֻԾһĺ췽ġ
ٿ췽һȣȫ˺ֻۣ¼ֲ˶ˡ
Ǭסˣٿø˵˧ǹģŰΪְ




872 ľ

˧ӣǬǲҰˡ
˧Ǭ⻰̧ͷܾȵ˵ôˣ磿
ôŰأǬָ
˧ͷһᣬ˵Ӿģ㲻Ҳͬóҧҧȥ𣿡
кŰǲͬġǲ֪еľҪսеҪУǬɸֵ˵
㲻㣬вԼġǺͱ˶ŽжУǬԼϵĹӡ
˧ˣ۾һ
Ǭѹӷ£˵óǿҪǶӮҵģǾʹһֻȥ
ȻУ˧ȴ֪Ǭһֻǿ׳ģرϲҪܴǬõֻǶá
ãȥ˧˵󣬾ܽ棬ˡ
һź͸ӳˣóһֵֻУֻˣ׳У
ǬˣƲƲ죬ȻʮһֻССġ
˧óһ裬ֻȺŹоͲˡ
ëǩиȥ
˧Ǭֻֽ֮һУЦ˳
˵磬Ĵùҵֽѹѹˣ
вѹġǬ˧˧ظһ仰
˵ëǩйȥ
ӿʼˡ
ֽ־͵ء塱СԱһãֽɲɲסͳ˹ȥ
ɲסСѾķƨҧһˡ
ֽ۵һƨҺ
תͷȴСѾ֪ȥˡ
ңͻȻұߵıһֱۣҧһˡ
ǣֽһֱתȦҵСӣҲ׷׷ʱ򣬱Сҧ˼ڡ
ֽƶٶСһֱСɧţһֱ
ֻС̫ˣ˧
ǬЦһ
ֽͰͰ˧
ֽ˧ĺı˷ˣٶһӼӳˡ
ǣôңʵ㣬û취ȵġ
ԸֻСУֻԾƶ
ȥСӱٶȣǷٶȲһҧ
ĶЩֻ֪ҧ˾׷һֻбɧŵķˡ
ʱСͻȻȥҧסֽĵڶֻš
ֽˣҪҧСͷҧֻõŽţСҧ̫ˣôŶŲ
ԽԽͻȻŵ̫ˣһߵӵŵ̫ߣȻ˹
Ǭ˧۾һɣɣ
ֽҲˡ
С۸ֽǱ䱾ˣϵҧֽĽţһӾͼֻŸҧˡ
ͷľǬ˧գ
Ǭ˧˵㻹䣿
˧ҡͷ˵˵ᷭʱǷ̵Ļˡ
Ǭҡҡͷ
ʱСӲϵҧֽֽϵزҽУϵʧȥţֻʣһֻˣĽŶˣ˧̾һʾˡ
ǬʵҪһֻɣ
ЩҲҪҪֻȺŹģǬָָĳӣ˵
˧һ㶣Щ̫Ǭѡֻ
ǶҪҧҪ
˧⣬ǬҪ͸
Ǭֻʣ°ĳӷŽһ¹ȻսҪҪ
вսġ˧
ǣһ磬˧жǬˡ
ûУǾҪˡ
ֵһУһƬһ㶡
ôׯڣ˧ֵʵ
Ǭһ£˵ҵũҵѧԺĵط
Ŷˡ˧ͷ
ʱũ˹ǬһСĪӡ
ߣȥǬ֣˧˵
ĪӼǬæ˵̫ӵ££
ţǹߣϰߣǬʵ
Īӻص̫ӵ£ҵȶоǳãôĵطе»ʵĵطǶԼӦ飡
ȷʵ𵱳סǸԺӣܺĹȡ
ϴθ˵ģӣȸΧİ֣׼ôǬʵ
ϴΣ˲ٵȥ꣬Ļׯׯˡ
һ뷨ũҵѧԺṩ֣İʹá
ܸ߲Ųֵȱ㡣
齨վʽظΧİṩ֣ðԼ֣Ǿûȱˡ
Ǭ֮ǰ뷨Ǹȫʽվ㣬ͿԸȫõˡ
ȫվ㣬еرĴ
ȫİնԼһˡĺ¾ҲҪ
ص£ũѧԺӣ㹻¸Χİղ֡Īӻص
ǬͷĪ׼Ҫ˵Աߵһͱһ£˵£ũѧԺҵ»㱨
Īһ£ҲǬվ飬æȥ
ǬӦ
߽ԺʽѧԺȻǻҵԺӣݻ߹ڳΪũҵѧԺ˸ũ߻иӣһũأʹԺӸ߹һƽ׵͵
ʮũҵרҿǬˣ
ǴΣаᵽõԺ﹤ģλ̫ӵ£ǶǬĸм˵ġ
ǬǶϵͷء
Ǭǻ֣Ҫﶼȥƨ
ｻĪӴͿˡ
ĪָǬ衣
ʱ˵£óΧİյ֣ǱȻֻܸһֱֵͨ⣬ȴһͷĵҪǽ֣ͨӾ͸ˡһǾûֿˡԣֻûж˻ܣ
еġһзģȴֻĵһҳԣ˻ǻᱣֹġ
֪룬ҪðǿѾˣһգ˴ʳǻ᲻ۺ죬᲻֣Ǭ˵
Īһ㶣˼һ漴һͷ˵˵ģȷʵܹðšҲܵڶЩֵİṩӣҲǿܲϵظṩӡǾͿԷĵǸˣ
ָ㣬˵һҪһֵũΪǵԵ㣬һһ֮ǾͿøİˡŲʱ䣬ΧİվͲ඼ǵˡ
ʱ䣬һׯڹ˵ǳġ
ҪѾԵأҪԵѾջأǬϸЦݣ˵
Īһ㶣ŸտʼƻֳɵԵ㣿
ĻׯԱߵׯڽ괺ʱһֵʵˡӦǿոˣǬһЦ
ĪĿɿڴ漴޵ȼ֮



873 ٹ˽

ֻΪһ˽ø˻ׯׯȥˡ
û뵽ҡһ䣬ͱԵˡ
뵽ǬٺһЦ
˵ׯĪֵġũҵѧԺǬ⼸ֲ͸ũҵѧԺˡ
ڿĪѾѧԺõϿɣΪר֮һˡ
Ҫģһټ¸ȥǺú׼Ǭ˵ҿһҪ֯ЩҪƹĵũȻȥ￴һ
Ǭָϥǣ˵ӦǵʱֹĶܿׯںòãղգԸһӾĳۼĲģǿȻĶȥ˵ЧĶˡ
ȵոʱٴȥһΡһǲ֣Ƕǵ򣡡

£ſʼƹ㣬ҪҪȰͣԺҶԸˣ򣿡Īӵǵ˵
Ǭ֣ãöûʡڰԺշѣǻóԿˡշѻҪ𣬾ʵʩ
Ī˵òʱǬȥټ
ټ࣬ǵũҵһС١Ǭ󣬾ʵʹ
Ǭ;һ㡣⼸ƺԼˡá
ũҵѧԺǶ˳ˣѿ֧񲿡һƹ±ũҵѧԺĹݣ¿Ĺ̫Сȥ鷳ҸˡǬһ£˵㱨ǵддƯһ㣬һ͸Ҹʿġ
ũҵѧԺĲȫǬԼģҲȥǰڹ棬Ҫʲô¾Ҫ룬Ҫ뾭ѻҪʾ׼
̣ټ඼ϰˡ
ũҵѧԺˣһڵĹҪ׼Ҳ̫鷳ˡ
Ǭˡ
ǲʾȴҪѹЧ㱨
ټ㶣ŵͷӦͻȻһᣬһѡ
˧¶˳һ󴮹ӣǬЦ磬ĺûɫ治٣
洫֨֨֨Լ˵һʱҵ˲ˡʮ㣬ȻǿӲ٣
ټ࿴˧㶣Ȼڨڨظ˧
Ǭ˰֣ȥ
ټȥ˧ǲ֣¶Ŀ˵磬ôˣߣٶȥ
ãòҪǲѺдӮ֪᲻һ࣬ȫŽȺŹȫ˲мˡ
ǬҪȳһʤ߼
ս۹
˧һջ񣬾Ǭһ춼սûꡣ
ɱòֺʱԷ˳ˡ
˧ΪܸһЩǬӣһֱǬĵһԡ
ԭӱȴƸӹ񫣬ˬˣ˧̾
ǬԱսƷ˳ιЩӳԡ
˧ɫһ䣬˵Ҫǰ䲻ҵУǾ͸ˣ
˵ţ¶֮ɫ˵úúõһֻУӮˣû뵽ȥˮƿڶսˡ
˧ΪǬսϺΪܴӮǬڶرİģöǬˡ
úãͬҲûк³
Ҳеĺ֮ȻҲˡ
ûʱȥץУֻǬ衣
ſʼ棬Ȼ֪ʲôкãǾʴģһѾõŵ˧׵Ӯˡ
һãǾͰɱ֣˧ڳʱ˧ˮˡ
ͳ˵һֻˮˡ
㿴ֻ϶ǬҲ̾һ
ֵܶǱ۸ķˣ
˵ţܽСϻΡ
ȻкĶСϻЦ˵
ǬָһСϻĶͷ˵ôˣ
ż˵ܽԷкĳ棬Ǿ͹ˣСϻָǬĹ޹ޣʵô棿
Ǭ˧һۣȻȥܵܺÿȥ
һСϻζ˵üС
ǾǬҪСǹϷǬ˧һкǾԼȥˡ
ļ죬ܽԷĶеرŨСϻŰйΧϣһˡ
˼УǬȻ߲ܲˡ
Ժ֮ǰ֪ǬװûڶӣӦǺȻץȥġ
ûУ



874 

ǬܸˣͬʱЩ⡣
Ϊʲô
֮ǰڶԼôϸܽԷ֣
ѵΪԼ۵ˣΣԲϸԼ
ȻⷽĿܣǬﻹЩ⡣
Ų⣬һ߼ܽԷﶷӡ
ĵܵöˣܽԷ֡
Ǭˣͻָˡ
ķһǬСֶ
Сˣź嵵ĹϵãԿֱӹһ˯ͶռǬˡ
ÿ϶öؿշڵܲ˵ʱˣС£С
Ҫһպ˫ա
Ǻߣ԰ѵøС£еĵǬС£е˫Ǹա
һС±նһˡ
СΪҪռǬǶ죬ôָܷأ
ɲͬ⡣
տǱòᡣ
ڣǬˣ˵ôֱСٻˣ
Цָﺰ磬磬ĴȱҵСٻҧˣ
СٻǱСٻ
ûתͷԺ˵ǹģôСٻˣ
һԸ˵ϲ
ǬͷһĺͷĴȱ˺󣬱ٻھӵˣʱ۸ֻнۿһҪ˺ˣ
ͣӻô䣡Ǭæٰ죬ı
Ľ̨ˡ
úһֻУҲͲٶˡ
һ̫зźú룬ڲôһֱլܽԷҲ̫ˡũҵѧԺҪʼˣԼҲҪȥ꿴
Ȼһ¹ǰޣҲеһĿġ
ˣСȻһֱû꣬ǬҪûб㣬ֻȥҴˡ
ţ϶ûиκˣʹ뿪ܽԷˡ
ΪңǬĽ֪˵ȥˡҪʳܸ嵣Ϲġ
˳ţȥ
ܽԷĿһǱ·ϵĿҪµöࡣܽԷˣЩŻҳĿҲ˷ܵúܡ
Ǽ
˻ׯ·ϣо߶ƺЩࡣİҲܶࡣ
զΡ
˻ׯ˸ϤףǬŷԼûߴ
о֣סһũʵλȥ
ũ׳ȣǬסûЦǺǵǬļЦЦһ۸õӣ˵ׯˣ㿴·ȻŹʣӦǺһ￴İɣ
ǬתתͷôоֺϤ
ǸũִסǬļ˵ߣһȥҽŹҿ˵ֳĵӣֵɡǵһĶնʮ죬Ҳٰʮĵ׶ѡ˵ׯֳſոٽһһ졣
˵Ȼ˷ܵЦ˳ˡ
ȻûϸȥǶĶóһ죬һٽͨһٰʮɴˡ
ǬҲˣʵġ
˵ͷŶ˵ȡģϸ㿴ôգȥǽȥְɣ
Źͷ˵㡣ҪٿﰡǵĸҪ֣۾￴Ƿգ˭֪ǵ᲻ˣҪһ£ǿɾͶǵĸˣԻҪǵȵһЩ
ȻũĿǾع̡
ˣŴ粻ׯ𣿡Ǭֵʵׯţܲ
ŹǺһЦ͵ׯũżּҡϵգ
󡣡Ǭ˵
Ϊ˽ũôģǬŹȥ
ƳȳȵĵģŹ󿴵۾æ˹ȥԱߵһׯϵũ˰Ǵ˸кȻ֣ӡ
ããȻŹŵ룬Ƕѹ·һ飬ʮıףҲӵˣǵһĶʮﵾףܴٽ͸ˡЩܲٽﵾһˣ˵ŪٶʮءЩĿٰʮٽﶼпܰ
ǬԱЦˡ
⵾ôãǬ˵˵



875 Ԥ

ȷʵǺáŹͷ
̧ͷ죬˵ǰѩء˳˳ˮֲֶͨõĵ
תͷǬʵ˵ʲô
Ŷ˵Щ³ũҵѧԺóֵӡ֣ˣڶҪȥũҵѧԺ֡ôǬ̽Եʵ
Źһ¡
üͷⲻ֣ȷʵһˣ
ֵͷĵ룬ҧҧ˵ҪũҵѧԺǣôҲġЩȷʵǷǳϲˣֻǾֵöũҵѧԺӲҷ֣ûӿˣɾѰˡԣǱԭĵΪð
˵̾һ
Ǭ˵ϸ磬Ҹ㣬ҿ˵ũҵѧԺǱߵڶҪӣԤԤũҵѧԺͻֳ㹻ӸЩԤ˵ũԤʣµӲŸЩӵũ򡣡
Ŷһһũõĵڶ겻ûˣŹ˵˵
Ǭͷ
ǸãͻؼȥȥũҵѧԺӡŹЦŰ˰֣Ǭˡ
ŹˣԱ߼һֱǬĻˣʱҲ¶˼֮ɫȻҲˡ
ǬЦ뿪﹣
棬ĪӺͽݣǸ˹ѸղŴŹһЩʵ뷨˵
ҪǸũǴ򽻵ʱҪעһ⼸⡣
ҰԤӵʵʩȥ
ԤԸũһ裬ҲԸũҵѧԺĹṩһţ֪Ҫӳ
ˣæͷ
һǬһ˵Ǿñʺֽǣ쵼˵һƨũȻֲ֣࣬ҪҲᶮ١أӼǲÿʼǡ
˵֮Ǭȥ
Լȥׯطתת
һûˣ˼Ǭ˵شк͸þòһ
˷ž֣־ϼһƺ֪ǬװܽԷЩͳúϢľû˵Ǭоʲô֪Լȴָ֪о͸ˡ
֮Уȴܿ־ǬͣжΪĿ϶
˼
Ǭǲͷһ𣬶ȥ˺棬һӡ
¥Ѿĸӣ棬һģиͣЩӽ£дɫĲͬĸӣòͬɫĲ
ǵĹúܺáǬص˵ͷ
¥Ǭ͹ȥׯ
ׯΪǬٹ˽ֵԵ㣬ͬҲдũ졣
ǬЦЦҡ
ǽǰϤĶͣ
һ˸ߵֲһǬˡ
ףףѾôߣôˣ
Ǭ̫ˣ
߹ȥװҶӣװЦˡ
ڴֳˣ
ͻȻ뵽峯ʱй˿һӱǵڶ࣬Ϊ׺ͷũ˸˿ڣ˿ڷչôֳˣôǬǲܹͨĶƵ˿ڣ
һ˼˷뷨
뷨ǰ棬ҪԼȳһʲôİɣ
ţٹЩ죬Ϳժˡ
Ÿ˵飬Ǭׯ
ׯȻˡ
һʱҺԺ𴷴Ǭ˵һûҪǲǣҪҸɴ˵һҲұŪˣ
ǬţһַֻĶϣûô࣬ĦĵƤϣ̲סһ
ˡ
Ů˴һˣȻ˵
ׯׯ£Ͽʦôרҵ˴ҶˣǲǺͻׯһġ˵ׯôǬһ£ֶ䵽˵ĶˣҪҲĲˡ
Ҫ£ǸСµڸ÷ǳ𣬽ǮҲرĶ࣬ǮˣҪˡǮſɿ
Ǭû취뷨ģǮͼǮ˵ؾͳǮˣʵǲ㡣
ôˣǬҲˡ
һʱǬŮû취͵£뿪ˣôãˬûȥˡ
үڽǵ·ϣоرˬ졣
ſǰһװȫ飬ⶼһƶͼˡˡ



876 ǡ

˭أ
ǬŲǳһλѧʴҪ˰ɡ
ѧʼ𣬾Ǽࡣ
ҪǼ鲻࣬治ýѧʼˡ
ǬҪʱ򣬺ﴫһ
˳ǾͲٻˡǸɣдſԣ㲼ϻڲʸðˡ
˵ǬһӴ˰
־־ǱҪϻ簡
ѣôӿʯͷأ
ǣǬԳﺰڷӣȥ
ͻȻһİ
򰢸ҲͣǬ
¶һͷס
϶˺üƣͷɣ˫ȦڣϲǳĹݵķǸɾڷˡ
㣬ǵ־˵
Ǭϣȭ־һ˵ѧӡŷӽջ磬һͣ
Ǹմӳͷûתһ֪ҪǣǴӳ˵ġҪ˵ҧ
ﻹ˲ݣ˵ǰ͡
ƨĲһ׳˼˵ᡣڲˣ˼˵͡ⲡ־Ūˣ˵Ҫ𣿵Ҫ˵ҧ
־λ촽ø¶֮ɫ
У֪ˣôôݵң
½簡ȥҪ˯ãҪԺãܺȦȥüǿˣȻΪڹòáǬ˵
־ᶼҪˣﻹǶǬӦãã
Ҳ֪ãڻӦʲô˵óԺúȲü˿˵ڹúá
Ҫֿʱſ׷һ
ڵܣڵܣһ̣һͷͷ
Ǭǿӱѧӵġ
Ӵ־ĵߵģͷ׷ˡ
־Ҫ򰢸ˣͷĻ̾һȻֻͣȿͷ
㰡㣬ô˵߾أͷ˵һ룬ͻȻԱߵǬһ£˵£Ҳ⡭
Ǭͷ˵ѧӡѧڷӵġⲻ֪ߵĻ
ͷ˺¶ο֮ɫȻ־˵ڵܰѧˣһӵĸ
־ԲǬԶڿ׷Ӳ֪Ҳû˵
ǵ˵ͷ
Ǭͷͬǲ֪һͷʲô˼
ͷǲòᰡͷԶˡ
ңȹȥǱ˵˵׷֣˵
߳Ž˶࣬˵ʣʦͽǱ·˵˵
־ûصͷǬҲ͸Źȥˡ
˵һߵ·׷һ־һ˵־ͻ磬Щ嶯Щϧ־ʱƺҲˣ˵ʱˣ˶ԲǬˡ
ͷ˵˵ţˡ
Ǭǿ˵ġ
˵ᣬҪôḡҪôͷḻˣʱҪֿǹûᣬҲ˸оᣬοڿᣬζֱġ
Ǭͷת˱ĵطҲоһ⡣
˰
ڵܣԺǿټʱ򣿡׷ʵ
־ҡҡͷ˵ֻټˣ
׷Ȼ˴𰸣仰ǱһһͻȻסˣֱɤﴫ˳
ִֵֶ޾˸С
־̾һ
׷̾һѧʣҪȥҰķϵ˰
Ǭ⻰ɲôͬƲƲ죬˭˵ѧʵ¾ǻķˣ¿Сѧ̺̽ӡ뵱ӣҲǿͷ棬Ҳҵôôͱˣ
־̲Сѧ׶԰ҲǺ°
ţǬͻȻһ㶣˸ղڴϣ˵ׯϵѧûרҵʦڿС
ڿһҪ־ƺΪڳﱻƣԲòߵġ˭
ǵȻǿǬ̫ӵЩˡ
ǻʺǱʺϳģʺ󶼸ϣﻹã
ʺûжϾɱûаӽõˡϳͱʾҵһйϵѺá
һС̻ҵϣ׼˼ҵĳϻǬĹϵͻ٣ȹ屦кСϻϹϵķŰڵĴ޼ңң֣ңЩ壬ȻҲǬģ־Ȼǲˡ



877 СѧУ

Ǭڴ֯͹ϵǲ١
ôڳﶼ߰˰˵ĹϵͿ֯һźܴѳĽ䶼ס£־Ǳڳúˡ
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־ڵǬһ仰¡
־ѧʣǬׯϾһѧʵʦ˲ԼҪ
Ȼ־ŰԼǵõ˼ŶǬġԼҲһ˾Ѫˡ
ǣͷﲻԼĺãǾӽκˡ
ţǬһ˵׷ӣڷӡѧǷǳͬڷӵġڷӻؼ磬Ҳ·Ϲڼѣ˲˳;棡ѧһ֪ڷӴӦӦ
־ڴ£֪ҪͷҪҡͷ
׷ȴֵʵ£ʲô
ȣģҵĻׯҪ軧ǵĺǽһӣׯȱһʦڷûеطסԵҵׯס˳ׯϵĺӵʦΣ֪ʶǡ
飬׷ӺڷӶסˡ
̫ˣô־ڳﲻˡҲû˸Ϊˡ
ȻΪũʦЩݣǾ͵̫Ӷĳͷѡ
׷־ȥǱߣСؽ
˰Σ־һͷ
׷ӲҪЦˡ
һúѷֱˣˣõټˡǬׯסº󣬾Ϳʱͼˡ
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ȻͿ׷ӽ˳ǡ
Ϳ׷һ𣬻ǺͶ־ĸоһġǬͣǬʲôһȻ֪ʲôһܶǬϧȴʲôҲ˵رҪһ١
ںͿ׷ӷֿǬܽԷ
ڱʺָֻƽ
Ǭпվȥׯ͵͵ȣȻ鿴һԼµЩôˡ
Ҫȥҩֿһģȥ̫ԶԾûȥˡ
ȥĴһ࣬ʺˣǬѧˣ͵Ȳȥô죬Ȼǽ鸾¡
ǲ֪Ǭ߷ʲô飬ҲʣǬͲʲԸؽһΡ
մӶǬᵽܽԷĸеһɡﲻطһǬ棬ȫ׺͵ա
ƺͽǬ硣ҲûҪһС⣬ûӰˡ
ĺĻչúҲвģǸ³л̫ռˣһжûС
ԻȥһԼļˣҲܻһԼ顣
ԣսͻؼһˡ
ڵһƿˮ׼õġ
ôС䣬ҲϲˮҶˮİãܴˮųͬĳɷ
վϲǺúԺˮ깤ˡ
;ˮһ±ӡ
ˮ˼š
ʱǱߵԺ֣ȴû뵽ԼԺ
ãʲôˣհѻ¶ˮʵ
￴սˣ۾ϲɫؽһ㡣ȻӶ˶ɷǿɰȻƷζһ˵ϴкüֻ¶ˮζǶϤģһûġӦǽģĺúţζ𣿡
۾ڴؿա۾һ˿ϲȻͷ˵ǵģõıԽԽˣ
ҡҡͷ˵Ź˲֪ζɲκζһž֪ġ
ЦָָԺӵĻ˵Ǵ͸Ļأÿ϶һ飡
һЦȻ˵ţҪúŬˡƿˮúˡͻȻʲôʵôȥǱߵԺд֣߷
һ죬˵͹˹ˣ˵ҪǱҪ飬˽ȥţҪһǳȥǶŸˡһ˵׼ҹȥҪšҸҹȥԺ󶼲ϲˡҾˡ
üͷһ
磿Ǭ̫ӡ
ˣ
֮ǰ;йϵˡ仰һ֪Ǳʲôˡ



878 

նһºʵأ
ָָſڣ˵ϸߴˣ˵ҲҪȥ
ߴҵһھӣҺҪá
Ŷ۾תת
ʱ飬ʱ˾ģ˵ãƿˮŶһȥˡҪҿţ
ЩᣬǺܶµصͷ
ղͳԼ˳ȥȻš
˿ǱߵԺţͻȻ
ҧҧҪȥһ
ߵԺǰ濴˿֪ôصģܴ򿪡
óһСڡ
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ĲͣסˣȻߡ
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ǬǱ˳룬ӣߵ鷿ſڣδ˵ѧϰ˰
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ҲΪˡʱգһ£Ҳ뵽Ǭ˵ģսˣһС檡ղȴǬ档һʱ



879 ж

֮ǰһҵĸ黹ǲġ
ʱѾаʱûмˡϲ֮ɫܿѹ⣬Цð겻㶼ԽԽˣ
Ů˶˿ƯԹеղֿı֣ӡҲزȥǰǸ·ˡﻹǺܡ
װı飬ҲȻһ㡣
㣬ҲԽԽˮˣ㣡Ц˵
ĻԹĳƺˡ֮ǰһֱйˣڱˣڰʾĳֹϵһˮۣǻӦղŹ¶˵ġ
ǹǬȴЩϤΪղǬڷͿˮֻۣǰ⻰һΡ
ϲһ졣
û֤˵͵ˣղ·òˣŲ
ԹҲֻΪ˵ġһ죬Щ飬뿪ˡ
ǬԷ˵ݣҪգ޷͹һ뿪
һߣնǬ¶һЦݡ
Ǭһ㶣Ȼʵǲ֪ʲôˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ûа£ܺ͵һ𣬵Ȼǿĸˣ
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ǬҲ֪˵ǬҲˡ
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Ѻú˹ģǬƽʱһڴϣ
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Ǭһ㶣̧ͷһ£СϣһǿķʽҪǹ֮¡
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յFһУոİͷҲˡ
һʧȥˣֱסǬĲӣþȫϿҪĻ
ǬˣһᣬӺؾͷĴϣһ飬֬һԲαžһ졣
һ𣬽סˣһӵؿ
ǬʵǺ˵㡭
ʱҲöС˵̫صĻ˺С
ʱȽ֮ǰղ֪û˽̹֪ôˣǰڷԺײ͵ˡ
͵ˣǬʵʵ֪ʡ
տ˺һŶǬ˵ͷ
Ǭ̾һ
Сﻹʲô鶼ĺã׺Ū֪ˣԺô죿
²衣öһɡ
Ǭ⻬β࣬ʵ𣿡
һ˵һ߰ڴš
صһͷǬֻú˵ҲãҴˣԺһˣŶԣԺ󲻻ˣ
һ
Ǭ˵Ҹ㣬ҵķǣԺҲҵķǡ֮ʲô¶ˣ



880 ּ

ˣһϲ
漴һ㶣ꣿ
ǰ꣬ʮССܴģҪˣǾͻ˺ӣصǣҪ˺ӣΪӻС˺ӣӶûˡԸ𣿡
ɫһס
Ҫʮ˴ˣôʱôôٸٸĸƾӹŶҪŮǺصģûз⽨˼ΪŮ˱ǻƷ˵ĸƷʱʱ˼˵գȴǸЧġ
仰ȷʵ۾һ
˵ͷ
Ǭڲĺ˵öҪɱһˣɫԽԽס
˺һǬΪҪ˵Ķ˵ˣСųﲻ̣οˡ
£һҪ㣿Сʵ
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ΪʲôûţȴһֱӲţմʵ
СʵôȣǬ˼ˡ
շڴϣԼڲŵ״̬ֻܰķʽСһֱСƨɺ棬Ҳûа취
ڱոץס˰ѱ
⻰ܸԼߵ󣬵ö󰡣ʧˡ
Ҫһڵʱյֶּ˿ʼ֮ǰķ̡һ߶һ˵£ڴ⿴ʱ˵ùװ㻹šǲҲܣ
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û뵽⡣ǬÿζȹģȻǲ֪ˡ
Ҳ֮һǬֻ˵
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ôа⡭ܡ
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ҲҪ
Ǭûӣֻǿ׼ȥˡ
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뵽ΪһβܰӸǬȴӣ
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ǬһðȻԼ֪
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Ǭһ㶣ŷӦⲻ˵ԼûгԵգȴո
ðЦңҲͷ㣡Ǭ˴иɲֻܴһȻӲȻģ
Եƽ档
Ǭÿ²ȥ꿴һʱ䶼ܽԷﶷСжòˣȥũҵѧԺץ˳ȥһũҵѧԺĽչˡ
˵ȥũҵѧԺǬġ
ž֣ԺȮ֣ҩЩǬ½ĻȥʱԽԽˡ
˵ҩֳˡҲľˡĻڡҪɳǻξϺڣҪڻ󣬸ıһţΪھš
Ժ£Ҫз顣ΪѧԺ沿šȮƺҲҪ֡ǹˡ˴ѧԺܣǾȮһһˣû취ʦ˹ùûз֡
ˣŸ˵ˣԳϵͳġ
ЩǬûںȥ鷳ҲܽԷ˻ȥˡ



881 ɱ᡿

Ҫ˵˵飬ա
ԴӸһÿκ֪Ǭ뷨ʲô
ǲҪһͬʡ
ĺʱسһƬг֮
鳡⣬ĳʧˡ
ǬУ㻹Сϻ˲١
һЩǿӡ
˧ΪлᣬؽӺСϻ˼ֻ
ǵڶǬٺǶʱԼѡֳԼĵоˡ
ǶоͳǬѡֺԤѡֵս֪ˡ
䵽ûˣǬֻȥũҵѧԺš
һУһһЩũҵѧԺĽ̡
ũҵѧԺƹӣһչԼƷׯׯһƷչʾ
ũҵѧԺıְû˻㱨
ЧԽԽãһһЩԱرɹٵע⣬ǵ£ׯ￴
ӺĲҪӣôܷġ
Ǿϱ˵ʱǬ˵ũҵѧԺʱȷʵ˵ȨġƹӣҲǲϱǮģԼͺá
ĶǰѻʺܽԷ˻ȥ˵
󣬻ʺũҵѧԺע˲ٵʽͬʱһټ
Ǭڼװ׾һټ࣬üˡֲũ񣬾ȻҸũ񣬲ӵܹ𣿲Ժ
ճǳ˳µӣǬ֪ǻʺҵ˲֣ҲͲˡ
ѹЩƽũҵרңǸøȥټ͵ǻʺǮġ
ƹܳɹܱ֮һũȥˡаٷ֮ũҵѧԺӡ
Ϊʲô֮һũȴֻаٷĵ֣ΪũǶܱأһЩ֣Ǽﶼ֡òã˵
ͨӣ˲СһǮǺͳɱ˵Զˡ
е룬Ҳǲˡ
Ǭټũҵרǣɱһͷףһεĳɹ
ҹ٣ǬȵũҵѧԺſڣڴϡϰٸũҵרҶˡ
һϣһͷ
Ҫûˡ
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ǵһҵв͡
ͷرţȫ֪Ҫɱϻһϲеı飬һȥЦһϴ󲿷ƤǺڵģȻǹŴȫǺûһͷġôڵļһѵ˳
һð͵ŲᱻˣͻȻп뵽һ䡣
Ǹппͷɶ밲
Ǭţ˺Ĵһ£ũ
˶֪ûǺǺЦ
ˣɱඣһԴ⣡Ǭ
ũһȥˡ
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ɱֿȻǴյǰˡ
Ǭҡҡͷ⺢ǹܲסˡ
£ֱ˹ģôũҵѧԺ֯ɱأһȴַ
ⲻг֮һŽһʺһ˶ġڴҵãȻܳ˵Ļ
ǬһͷԱλŰȵĳɶɶһۣ˵˹ֺ˹̱ܽ𣿡
⡭XXһ£漴ҡ
ɱЩĸָ˾ͺáǬ˰֣˵˹ľһȥȲҡӰɣ
̫˵˹ģڿ
˵ˣɱ˹ģⲻ˵Ȼ˵Լˣ̫仰ЩЦԼš
һʱ䣬ɫһһףֻһߺȲȥ
ʱǱɱĵطĸҽ
Ǭǳ˳飬еǸҡ
УȻк˷ܵļǸ̬
رˣֻѪͭ
ѪԽԽ٣ðѪĭʱ˹̵ˮ
˰ѪÿŵһȥһͳѪˡ
󺺰̧Ž˹̵ˮ̲ϴӣܰƤˡ
һӰóͷȵŵһȥϵ°ӸͳӶ˳Щˮϵúãţ



882 ӡ

ļǣֳ룬Ǵж˿飬ֳ⣬ȣǣЩϸũ
һߵѾ׼𣬼ˮˡ
ЦǬע⡣
ȥһ
ûиƳȻ
ϸڻҫ£ǬϳˣһСӣȻˣ
Ϸũ峤ǬҲ
ڳ˺󣬾;öˣ
װ߶ģ㾹Ȼ촵Ǭ˵
øˣǬ˵һ£Ȼָһˮũ˵Ƕϴúܸɾˡ
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Ǭͷˡ
˵ôһ֪һ
ΧũˣҲһ͡
ǶһӵˣûΪ仰öģЦ¹һЩˮǳԵģǱ߻źأ
Ǭ˻֣Ǽ
ʱǱߵѾ޺ˣҪ¹ǬԺʵȻûУȥϡ
ȻȻġ
֮ʱѾڰѿõŹǩú棬ͰСŵǬϣȥŹˡ
ιι⡭Ǭװʺ򣬿Цˡ
ʵⶫȥܺȫ״һ
ٺ٣˵ⶫܵȫˡ
ĳˡ
˿ͰӸ˺Ȳ
һǶǳͱһ̫Ӹֲܲá
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ǬоһԷǳٶϮаæһã
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ڿˣ˧
ôֵĳ棬ͬסܽԷ˧ֻܲǿͷ֪ɶȥˣڲŸϹ
øտʱ
ˣˣֻóӾͺã
żǩȥ˧Ļߣſ
˧غǬкֵſΣ˧еıӵݸԱߵĺ㣬˵㡣
Ǻ˰˵ؽ˹ȻЦ
Ǭεˣλ㣬Ҳʶ㣡
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رڳʲôʲô£Щ˷ܡ
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ӳǬٿŹǺ⣬һһϡ
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˰Щпõ⣬ȥ
ûܰǸˡ
ɱ⣬һʾǳ˻ͷȥ
ʺ˻ʹʢͳԲˣǿϧ



883 ʳ֪ζ

źóԣбóԵǹͷ
ͷþͺ衣
ʳ֪ζʿ˵ĲΡ
Ǭڳ󣬾ȥóһͷȰѱϵˣùɱһϴɾģõͷһá
ţеһȥÿˡ
Ȼ֭ˡ
Сĵһ£̫̣СĵŹǿףһڣŨŨĹǸ㣡
Ȼʳ֪ζһڣ
֮Ǭȥ˵ڶȻݸ㣬˵ˡ
ϻ⣬ǬݹĹͷˣﺬ⣬ʣⲻԣйͷιɣ
һɶĳԻ
ԱڣǬ˵
Ȼֵ⣬ǴӲܾ˵⣬ڳԵϺڹӹȥɾ䣬ѹϵˡҪӵ
Ǭ
úˡ
Ǭóһžˡ
ݸ˺㡣ӹһȻǬʾ£һڣ۾һֱȻסˡ
ţñӷҲ֪
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ǰѳԹĹͷһˣι
˹ͣʱƤˣһٴá
һͷһʮڳһٶ˸ԵÿˡƳģԼֵģԵòֺһѪһһ룬˽ʢ硣
ѽˣҪЪϢһ
Ǹһ룬ˣ˵ȥˣֻվ
ǬһЦ
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Ǳߵ˧Ҳȥڵ϶ˡ
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ũҵѧԺһ˶סһȥ
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ʰ˳󣬾ɢȥˡ
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һͷʡԼˣ⻰ƺǵˡ˵˵̫
ҪͺǸ־òʣǺǺһЦû˵ˡ
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ſڣʹǬıϻ
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ףôˣ˾ʵ
ǬЦǺǵذԭ˵ŮǺǵЦ
С¸Цʱ嵵Ĵһ㱾ûо񣬵⻰۾һȻߵ嵣Ȼ嵸ͬʱ߲ΨΨФţͦŶӣһݵ˶Ц
ǺǬЦһЦҪˡ
һϣǬͺ˯һ⣬ڵ˰˯ȥ
ũҵѧԺǸ⣬˾ɱʢŽͶһӱ˸ɾڶͼµ＼о֮С
սֵشӻ¶ˮ뿪˵Ҫһ˽˶
˶һ׾ƣ׾ƣúͨĸװŵģһľͷ˲ȻھƸϵġ
һӣҪʱͿԺȣٸϡ
˵׾Ѿȹģûк꣬ˡ
䣬Ǭ嵵ķ䡣
ϴδᵽԺվͼ׾ƣʱܺ棬˸պߵĺ㣬ʲô
һЦ˳



884 һ̳ơ

ЦúаӣƸӺˡ
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885 Ⱦơ

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ҩÿγԲҩҩˡ
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Ǭһ֪أ˵껰Լûлش˵תƻɣΪǻرˣԸίˡ
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886 ƺ

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ոڻнͣһߣСһߺȣ·⣬䵽棬¶Ĩ磬ֵɫǶ
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887 º

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890 ·

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ǬĴǬ֪
Ƕ˳ˣ·Ҫˣҿ
ǬŵʱĸŮߵߣŷ
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§ŴӣԱЦſǡ
Щӵؿ˿գžͲˣдĻá
һֵ龰Ǭ뵽ˣǹģ
棬·һһ棬ȴû˵
װȫûµӣۣҲҪȻǲ֪ĵһġǬˡ
ڶ죬̲߳ˣҪ߱ˣѾ̫ӳˡ
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ǬתǬ֣ƺϲһ£Ȼ󳤶̽߹Ǭ˵֪ˣ
˵󣬾һ򸣣ȥһУµĻͻȥš

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ɥֻСҪˡ⼸춼֪ܲܵǣ
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ã˧Ϊʦɣ͸ֻУһ档
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ؼҳԷ˼竹Ӹ磬˵﷢˺Ķһ档
ô˵أǬʱ⣬˵ȻһãǾһɡԼһЩǣһɡ
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һһܵʱ䣬նȻǬ
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891£ٴη

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ǬԴһ£˵㲻˻û𣬿£
տɲڵһˣֻǵҪˡܿŵ¼أ
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Ǭɴغ˵ãǰȥҹˡ
ҲˡҪ㣡⻰˵ģѾǬĿˡ
Сһץһ£ȻǬһҲˡǬææ£Ǭ·ǹˡǬڴϣֱԴ棬һƺһʹַʹ࣬ǬоСһůڣһ
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ŮˣߵĶһЦ漴ţôҰԺڶҪ࿴Ȼ֪ʲôСº޲ðѸպĴ׸ȥͷϣ̫ˣ

һҹǬо
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嵿ɲǬĻˡ
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ﻹЩڳе竣ôһӶˡҪ£͵ǷḻĻΪƵҵף
С£ǬһζʧԼˡô죿ȻǻҪȥʵȥ°ˡ
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ǣ鲢Ǭķչ
Ů˵ĻǬʶǲŵġ˵Ļܵ
һϺһϣնǬ˹ָ
Ǭ߹ȥʵʲô£
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Ǭһ㶡
ǰ̬ȵĲͬǬ֡˵ЩеǣƺһӰ䵽˸壬Ӱ䵽η򡣴ٿ̬ȣһ뵽ε⡣
Ǭüͷһ壬漴վáȥ
˵˽˷



892 ̸¡

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뵽ǺйأǬҪ嵺С֪Ƕⷽ˲ţֻ֪ǵĶѡ
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һЩǬС˵¹˼㣬Ϊһĳɼ̫ˣ
λ㻹˵顣ǰ飬þ޴ȴۣЩɼڳϻ˲СԽԽ࣬Ҳ˴еĺ̫ˡ̣ûзҲûздµʱþˡ
ң˻ߣҪǰҶͬ⣬ʱȴвٵĴվֵ֧£Ҳͬˡ
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Ǭڴλãεĵλ˲ӦóֵλӡҪǬʮ꣬áͳһ辰Уֵ̫̫֦ƻУҪĲ֡
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˵ũҵѧԺǬϴɱףᡣƹӳɹףһõĽ
Ϊ½ũҵѧԺ͵£͸¶һϢһЦ



893 ٶ

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˵˵ǬշԸ
ʱȴСˡ
ʲôǬ
ŤŤ˵ѾѴ󲿷ֵԭ˵ˣĻҲˣԣˣһ棡
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ͷ˵ѧԺͲӣҪֳġ
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ЦѾ˵ˡǬѾȥǼˣ֪鱨
ʵҩѾ˾ҲܵµӰ졣зž֣ڵܹܵľֻиӣôҲ㡣оȮ֣Щ齨ľ֣ڶû취ܵˡ
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ҪԼˣˣֻԼûӷˡ
˵ĶԣԼйи裬ҪҲ̫ܡ
֪Լô𣿡תԼĴϣȼԼ
ǬƲƲ죬˵ǵ͵ȥȥǻʵ۵۾ˡ
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ǬŷֲԣСĵط׹ԼֱȦȥˡ
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ǬýżһС
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Ǭ˵ͷ⻰ڡѧϰˡ
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һǳǿĵطסܽԷôͲҪٻضȥˡ²ᵣǣȥǣ
仰Ǭͬ
ǣԸܽԷΪһֵĵطȴܸһĽӰ˽Ӵ
ΪʲôǬʵ
Ǽ棬ûϵҪǺ½Ӱ˽ӴͻᱻΪн˵Ŀܣ鷳
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Ǭͷʱ˵Ļ˵ˣ˫ֱǬӿ٣ĿƺǬ



894 һٴ

Ϊ㲻ٷʱȴᱻ
ʱƣ飬ǬʵûȥҴѾһ룬ʱȥͲȥû˾ӦЩһ㣬ǬѴȫˡ
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Ǭڶ˵ľһͬʡڳ˲ƽԴо˺С¹
ҪС¹ͣκһ⡣
֮ǰһǬھҪģǶĳԱİš
ں̸һҹ֮ǬԺܶĿҲһЩ˼˺Ҫ嵺С˵һ˵ôҶעһ¡
ԣڵڶϣǬŮˣкһϣ˷˵
ǽйҪº˵ҵӣΪҲŽ˹ҲԼˡǶĺ
⻰֪˶ɫһࡣ
Ǭһۣ˵ոҷһЩ飬һЩ顣
СǰĻϲĻɴˣ漴뵽ԭҪ˵Ž˷䣬ԼΪ¡
ˣһֻСһ̸£һ߹µģ
Ǭ̬˵ҪһС¾չˣҲͲôˡ
ǬС£˵ǰᵽܽԷڲ֪һ顣ѾƽԴҲú»ʲô¡ΪǾͲҪȥˡ˵ǣܽԷȶҪҪĶࡣСµĲŶӣҲҪڳʵˣҲᵽܽԷ׼һ£
⻰û˵ӵԭ򣬶ð˵еһЩ飬֪Уȴû˽⵽ĻĪؽ
СǬĻص˵ͷ
ԴӰᵽܽԷΪڳʵϰˣСҲûҪ
ΪܽԷֻǶʱϢѣҪȥġ
˿ԹϢҪҾͰҡǹȴҪȶģҲûаˡ
Ǭ˵ǲ׼ضˣôӦȻÿҪôԶ·ȥϰ࣬ҲǺ۵ġҪ˵ڣڶǶǬȫģӦˡ
Ǭ㣬ԸҽԺﵹǲҪעʲô˵ҵʱ򣬾˵ܽԷһֱҩҩ֡Ҫͱ˵ǵ¾ͺá
Ҫ󲻴󣬺ͷ
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ǬũҵѧԺܼ࣬ȥũҵѧԺϰˡ
һǬȥũҵѧԺˡǾţǸѷҲ˲ɵҡҡͷ
ɹ
һ˶Ϊ仰ġʱ㣬Ϣ졣Ǭ⣬ȴĴʱϢ
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СµĲٶȰ˶С¶ǣܽԷܸõչ˵̫Ӻе̫Ǻܶ˶µǰ³лյͻȻˣֻòȥ˶߹˺üʳҵһϹϳ³лȥ˶ʶ³лղҪѹĵطᵽܽԷġ
ǬСı󣬾ڵſķӦ
ûʲôķӦǬһϲȻ
ƽ˾Ǭĺȴһֱŷ粨
ǰ˵ˣ˲ȥͲڵġ˿ȥҲˡ
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رǰѾݹˣһλ˼ʱ̲ס룬һζˣһҲûʲôϵǴ˳طˡ
δ֮Ǭ̲ס˵ҲԵˣɲСǰ˹
һûջػֵתͷϱͣǻûлػأ
һ˺óһˡ
۾ָֻ˾֮ɫǬʵ¸ղʲô
ǬֻðѻظһΡ
ȻһЦҪ°ѳ½Ҳ˰ɡ



895 

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Ǭרƣ
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ǲ԰ǸԼ֪ǽ˵㣬ʵͷСӴ󣬸ð
磬㲻ǿ𣿡˧ֵʵ
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ֻн嵣۾һæӹڶһ漴ˣȻ۾еԹһɨ⣬ǬͶעӣ
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лǻġҪһֻô죿
ǿһѡǵСˣԼÿ



896 С١

ܽԷǬʱرࡣ
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897 ´½

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898 ߴ

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900 īǳ

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901 ơ

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902 ֽ

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ǣʱǬⶫһսСʱһξιһڣСҪĴҲ࣬ǬӦ𶫹Ůˡ
ȥԸĴͶˡ
Ǭְҵûб䣬ͷȥũҵѧԺ￴һһʱҪ˯ȥǱߵķʳĲֿ˯죡
ʹǱߣȴϵźϷ
㡣ǿҪ̫ӵı¡
ȴһҶ㣬ӣҲȥˡ˿ڶһӶѡ
һȥģ֡
Ҳ֪ģȻҲҪ̫֮λ
ֺ棬˵˧Ӱӡ
ǸһֱܽԷﶷеļһǬ濴Ҳ֪Լˣ˧ĵиˡ
Ǭɲ̫֮λˡҪҲòߡԱν̬ɣɣҿϷͺá
ʱˣҲġ
ˣҪҵһš
ǬʱҪ֪һԼµҵϢҪԳȥҲ̫ãǾȥҪʲôϢ͹˵
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Ūһڲıֽɣ
ֻ¼Լҵڵ˺£ԼԿҲòҵԱֵ֪ܵλϢõġ
һģ;ˡ
챨ֽĻҪ˭
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ͷ겻֪ûԼһˣҵ¸á
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ȥ죬־ܵܽԷǬϸˡ
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࣬ҪмߵҵλȥȤšﶨ¼ߺ󣬻ͨͶȤȤ£Ͷ壬иѵӴһλԱһ׬СѵĻᣬֻ´Ҷˡ
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ӡˢЧʲôߣԱҪһһͱ־ˣŪһ
ֽͳ鲻һǻúһӡˢġֽȴһΣùͲˡ
־ⶫоʡȴܾ̫һ𣬴µĶˡ
źú󣬾Ϳʼ˳
˼Ǭڿ˵һݱֽ
һֻҳٵúܣȴԼŪıֽǬогɾ͸С
ũҵѧԺרǿ˱ֽ滹жũҵѧԺı˵Χһ
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󣬱ֽǬµĲҵλһɫ
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ǣŵ־ӵʥּѱֽԽԽá
˵ͷڽʥּ󣬱ʥּ˰죬Ƿһ˭Ҳҹȥ
ȵˣƨɣȻϵܽԷǬİ顣
ãǬӦǿʼİ档
ֽһİ飬һ͢ΰ飬һѧ飬һ飬һ°顣
飬Ȼ˵ͰصϢ
͢飬ٷϢĵط
ѧ飬˵ˡ
°飬ȻǱ¸صĸˣдڵģҲйġ
һҲһֽˡ
־ø˵òˡ
ͷҪãⲻԼĵλ£ǸˡԸǬ˵
־˸ӸˣٻصҵĻ˰
ǡǬ˵ǿɲԼǮҵ¡Ҫҵ¾Ҫ÷㣬Ǯҹã
־˵Ǯףǳ˳飬ǵһͷ
ţԼˣǬЦ˵ǵλĿҲܷˡڱֽϣһСᣬдǵĵλͺáȥŰɣ
Ǯ־ʵ
ǮʲôǮһλǮֳɷ֣Ƕ鷳㲻ɸ˹ȥ񣡡



903 Ǯ

һϣǬһֵ顣
˰µ֣ȻܽԷ˧ĵһһ𣬶ĵûȣ
Ƕ̫ˡ
һͽˣôԲĸ飬Ҫˡ
ǬֻҡͷЦһ¡
Ҳã̫
뷭ȴ˸ȥ
־ȻǬҪġ
ҳҲԱź塣
Ǭ֣󷽵ϣ⼸
Ǭеõˡеõ۵ĽþغáǮҪ侲ҪãҪ˼
ǬǮе
з涼ҪǿڽĸĶǮУǬӮֵġ
һֿһѣǬȻųģˣ˵Сıÿʱ򣬾͹Ӯȥϣ
һûǮ˾ȥұǮӮظղǮ
ĽԽԽԼİٶ󣬻ٶᣬǰǬһǧᡣ
͹ȥˣǵû¡
־ȻģǬǮ
Ǭ۾һɣʵǲʲôˡ
ҪٶĴǾͽɡ
ǽĽһһһ죬ǷһǮ
ɲһСĿ
ǬȦ֣˵ҪȥϰˣǵûǮ
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ģ˵ҽģҲǮһģֳ
û˵
ǬЦЦһĽԺûе鷳
ûǬֻһᣬԺߡ
ȥũҵѧԺĵϣȴû뵽˻ʺ
ǬߣȴѾʺסˣôôȥũҵѧԺȥǮ˰ɣСڶԽԽӦöҪǶǮ
ĸ󣬸ĸ밲һһģǬæӦ
Żʺȥ˹Ǳߣ嵵ģҲҪ˰ɣ
ǱѾа˸ʱ׼ţ͵ˡ
ǬŪԼҲ˵ˡ
Ǭʱ򣬾ͰЩţϵһȥˣߵʮŮҲߡʣһţ˸Ůƽͺãôʲô
ȻЩߵĽŻйŮֻǲǰѣһֱ嵵ߣֻҪһǾͻϳ嵵ǰ
ҽҲԱܽԷȥϰˡ
ȫıǬҲˡ
ȥũҵѧԺһݱֽ
ڱֽúģģһģǬдһ°׻ģ˵ĻֻĻ˲ſӦðҲܿڱֽϿԿһ°׻ˡ
һߣֻص֮뵽ԼǷǬǮһһǧᣬۡ뵽ԭ˵ҪԼģǵȴˡ
ˡ
һϵĶˤ顣
һʱ䣬
ϣѽôˣôˤֶֶôˣһٸ
ţʧɫ˽
ֿĸˣݺݵذһ˵ϣŽƬ
ŵô
ôˣæʵ
ûҪ֣뵽ˤһǳʲô顣ĸΰģȴڳˡ
ֶҡ
ֵ̬ȸоΣȴ᲻ô
ʱԱߵһ̫࣬ʵ˵˵ôˣʲôˣ
ܽԷǮ̫˵
Ƣ꣬ȴûֹ̫˵Ҫ̫֮ڣĿľҪǮ
˺¶Цݣ˵˵ǮС飬ûµġòˤƿӡ
ʱ֣ĸʵ˶ˣ
ְһ죬˵һǧᡭ
ʲôһ
ͷӲ˵Ƿһᡭ
۾һֱ˵һ˵ˡ
һŷӦæʵôôǮ
۾һתֵʵѵ̫ݺ㣬ƭôǮ
ǣӦ
ҪҪǮʱס֣˵ߣǽ㸸˵ȥ
ɫһף뵽Լ̫ӶǮģǮҲԼģҪֻͻᱩ¶Ͷӡ󲻺ãֻ²Լ



904 Ǯ

ĸĸУ˦֣˵
һ㶣żôУǿ㸸ʽûǮˣһ̫ӵĵλ½һЩԺĻҲ͸һЩˣ
죬εذ鲻ܸ˵˾ͻԼˣǮӻǮɣ
ˣһ˵ˡ
ԼĶӾȻ赽ĳ̶ȣǮĵô󣬶ûǮ˻һᣡ
ǮòҲôǮ
ҵģ˵ȥзű֪Ǯǵϡ
¿ɿסˡ
ڵϴ˴뵽ţŶַǳġȥӦûֵæ
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ĽɫҲˡȴһżûС
ȵ˵˳Żһ֣޵ֶȻǴ֮ˣȻôǮҲɫã
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ݣ㼱ʲôﻹһȥǡνǲÐֶһͷƣ˵
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ŰѵøȥǮ
Žӹ˵ĺӣ򿪿˿ϳ˻顣
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ֵ鶼ڵϣһֵһᰡǱ
ŲһöֵָǮ
ʱóһöָָɺɫ̶ɣʽЩײ࣬һףָҲָҲ࣬мһֵߡǽָصĵطȴмһ˿Ѫζһ㣬žǻһ
ŶָǱúܣһ룬۾ͺ
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֣סŽָϣɣ˵ָ游µ֮ڽϣҪúñܣҪ游
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ֱҪֱŵȥǬϢ
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ŶԭһǷԼҵǮǮġ
С˷æļֵ
ҲǸҪţС¸˵߸ʲôæ
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һһģɿؼļֵ
ûʱ䣬С°еĵʰãȻŽԼĻ߹ȥǬ˵£Щֵǧ߰ٶᡣ



905 ƨɡ

ִһܣһᣬˣôܲŰǧᣡ
ɴ۾С£ڿҶԲԣ
Сŵģ˵ʲôÿӵģǱߺǰȫǰ걻ˮˣҲûˡһǲˣаǧᣬˣ
СµĻǬ̫ţǻһۣѼ۸񿳵ԽԽá
˵㣬ҲҲǲ̫⣬ʱС°Ѽɱôͣջˡ
С۾һɣ˵㡭
ˣǬסС˵͵һɣȥһᣬٻǧᣡ
С⻰ˣ˵£㡭
˵ǣʵʵ㣬Ҳһһǧᣬôһأ
ǬȴŶǮǰõġǷԺԼ߾ͺáȴóôԼﲻԾͱ˸һĵǮҶһǧᣬ͵ǶˡҲ˵ҪģϾҪ͵ֳ˻ֵܣ鷽滹Ҫչ˵ġ
ʲôʱһʣҳˡ
ˣֲǻи˧
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Ҳ֪ǬҪǲôȥһʵ϶ˡ¡
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ȥǬƽ˵
סˡ
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Ǭգʱ۾ҲĿһײ֪˼
סС£Ȱ½㣬ԺǮеǣֻòã̫ӵµİɣ
Сһ㶣Ȼףǵ˵ͷ
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ˣǬЩ˼飬ЩﾹȻλŵġ
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᲻͵ģ
Ǭֽڣ¡
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˧̬ȣǬܲˬǵϣҪǿѾʺˡ
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ȥ
ѻ˵꣬Ǭ̫Ϊǐֶ͵ĸģ
û뷨ջôصĲֵܶǮֻǶģǬػص
һ˦˵صºˡֵĲƲĲƲҲ𡣲õôˡذɣ
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ǬҡͷҪӳҲӦǰϣ˧ϰûܷܼϣ
⣬ȷʵǼô붼벻׵ġ



906 

֣
Ǭֹ棬ҡҡͷ˵ȥ
Щȥ㻹ǮˡǬѵݸ
һ㶡
۾˿ݹĵԭǬ
ϲ
һᰡһǧᣬ⵽ԼϣԼñöǮ
Цæӹ
Ǭϵɽڸͳȥˣһ
תߣȴû뵽һ𣬰ָõֵĵ
һʱһСңǮǶæܳ
Эѵˣ֡űһȥˡ
ǲ죬ȴڳﴫ˸ָϢ׵һϢǬҪֵǷѵ黹ԭֹѣ
е˵ֲҪӦûĵ췢ŭѵɴϣ
׵ģ˵ǬŵװƵشֵˡ
һʱ䣬Ϣɡ
ǬüëҲͲˡЩǴȥġ洫оԶﻯͳģҵ̸СˣҲ͹ȥˡ
û뵽鴫ŵĶ͸һ㡣
ԼóҵĵȥǮҪӳ棬˲ȴû뵽󷴶Ǭˡ
ǰӷˡ
˽֣ǡ
˵ΪҪջĵɺ˰벽ŵĻȴͬ˵ĸ̫ʵ̫ˡǰȻŵУǲǐֶ͵ʰȻҪѵԭʲô𣬾ȻǵĐֶ͵
Ӻϡ
ˣˣãããõúܰ
֣һʱ䶼оž˵ƣɺ¡
ΣŲŻָ
ת꺮ůҪǬļƸŵˣǬֻһֻֽϻѣûʲôµġУŶûҪҪǵ
һֱĵ뿪լſڣ̲סЦ˳
ֶЦʲôֵʵ
æ죬ҡҡͷȻ뿪
լڣȴǱϵףǸܼͷ档
Ҳ̫ӡŵɱ֮
ĹܼԼ֣һƽʱ˳ΪͷѾû˼ǵ佫ʱ֣ʱʽسƺԼ̲ס
鼤ŵĻȴ˼ǡ
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һڣ˵Ҿˡȥ̵֪ͨĸ֣һ֡ҸǣѪѾԺҪ˵
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һ֮լӽһСʯͷʯͷϰһֽܼȥ˺󣬾ȥˡ
ʺ̵Ѿˣ̫Ҫȥԣʱֵĺûᡣ
ˣص˵ͷ

Ǭоײ˹ˣԼʵû취һʲôṹˡӾȻܽԷġһԼ
Ǹ񣬾֪뱨һ֮ǰԼһǮ
ǰ棬Ÿ߸ߵһǮӮ˱˵Ǯ
Ǭһ¾׹ڱӮǮҵģΪԼӮǮԾԼսˡ
սǬǾ͸սɡ
Ȼϴδˡ
Ҳǰɣһּģﲻأ
ֶͽı˼ˡ
ǱǱǬ򲻹أ
ǽİʱ־ȻеǮˡ
ִˣ
Ľɽɽô͹ˣΪʲô
ûףǬѾҪǮˡּˣͻȻ۾ָϵѪ䣬æбһöֵǧᣬŶһǧᣬٺһѣ
˵꣬ͰѪժŵǬǰ档
Ѫӣʽ򵥣͸Ѫ˿ؿ
Ǭһ£ϴξõһöкıʯٴμѪ˿Ľָòп䱦ࡣ
˿ϱⶫˣôı
ôһǧᣡֺۣԼˡ
ǧᡣǬһӣȻԼǮУ˶ǧ֡
µıǮ϶
ҪûҪûǣǮˡ



907 

һĵӣȥʼҹ԰ˡ
ǬǶﱣЭĻԱôȥأ
ûȥɱСǣүĸӣһһʼҹ԰
ǱСССèǺзҪȤĶࡣ
رǿСԽԽǿ׳Ѿˤˣ˿Ÿ˲
һȦǬӴһˡ
ȴû뵽ʱʮ˴ﴳǬɱȥ
ǬǶԿ´ЬҲ˼ãʮˣǸǿǬܿͶס̿һߵڵϡ
ǱѾ˹ˣϵļѾ˹һӦ
ǣ̿ѾǬ˺ᵶˣ
ѵԼ

룬ûǬæһ
ĸǬתͷһеĴ̿Ͷͣˡ
ҿǸʲô
Ǭһˣһֵؿǡ
ղŻ͵شɱͣŪþһһͻȻĳ֣ı֣Ƕ˵䳡
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Ǽһۣ໥һͷȻ˵عǬ
⡭Ǭǲˡ
ʱһ֧˹ˣ˵һһ̿Ӧˡ
̿ǶһۣǬ֪ԼݣĻɱǸᡣȻˣһδɱҲһᣬǶһۣæվ˵ͬƲӣٵˡ
ȵܵǬߵʱǬŻع
һƬ
£û°ɣŵʵ
Ǭ˰֣ʾû£ղŴˤֻһƤˣûһ
ʼ԰ϱΧʼ԰ֵĹ£ﵽȫץ˴
ǬڻûΪʲô̿ͳ֣ΪʲôֲɱԼˣ
ǣ飬ֲô֪ڻʺǬκϢܽԷ⡣

ʱլŷǳߣˤŶΪʲôѾɱˣȴûɱɣ
߬һ֣Ǭһκֻʫ򡣐ֶȻᣬѧԣ㡺ҵȱ̫֮λ
ǡð˿˿⣬̫Ӳһжָֻԭһ̲ˮÐֶʧȥõĻ𣿡
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죡źȵ
죬ŴžžžĴϣû˵ͣǰûͣ
ŶŲһߣһֶµˣͬһģӳһ㣬ֻз֐ֶôƻص
Ҳһֱ谮֣԰ʲôԭ
棬ŶִŵĻ룬ԲŻΪֵĳ֮࣬һСҲΪŻᱻס۾ΪǸܼʲôãʲôܳɴ¡
ˣ㲻Ҫˡȥһ̵ˣΪʲôɱ̫ӣ
֣ͣ漴صʺ̵Ѿ˵ˣִ󣬾ֻѪٺϵūҲû취ҵǣ
һ㶣漴룬˵Ժ飬ɐֶԼհɣֶǸµˣ
ڣŻǶźܴ
Σֶһ£ĵ˵ǻֶѪ䣬̵˽гһһǳʲô£Ϊʲôһֲĸо
Ӧ˳ȥ
ֲ֪Ϊʲô뵽λĸһֱǮƣǳ˷ܵˡ
ŻһȰضϲûѪ䣬ʵֶĽָأǸҪһֱϵ𣿡
ˣһ顣
ǸǷڼˡ㿴ϴʱŲвϴʱŪˡ˴ˡָֻŵ˵
¶Ц˵ؼùһˣĸҪҪһĽָʵǽôָ˺󣬱ض֪ѪԺػɾʹ£
ؼȥã
ִסˡ
һָͬһͺ飬û˵ڶ֪
ŷҪѽָó֪ǶġظҲòô죿
̲סĨһ¶ͷϵĺʿˮ˵ʵǶˡ



908 ˡ

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911 

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912 Ѫ䡿

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Ǭһһߵͷ
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913 һɱɡ

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914 нΪ֤

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һǬߵ飬ȫ˵ͨˡ
֮ǰǬջ¸ʱõһö챦ʯҲһöڶǻʺۼģҲ˵˵ˣҲˡ
˵УݺǬˡ
ЩˣҵѪ䣬ôöˣ
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⻰һ⻰ûеڶ𰸣æ˵ȻԱģ
ȻԱģôδ˵С֪Ѫⶫİɱʺʵ
⡭סˣæ˵ʱһСǵã



915 ڷء

ղŶ˵ؼǵѪ䳤ʲôģô˵ǲˣǬʵ
˵Ҳ棬˵˵ҵż˵ô˵밵ϵģѪ䣬Ӧ֪ʲôˣʲôطɣ˵ʣ
ңûУˣ
˵˵ûУ뽻ż⣬ǲרҵˣӦûȫȫҾӦרҵȥһңǬ˵󣬿
ɫһ㶣ȵˣüȥլ鿴
⻰һɫˡ
һȥ
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һôΪŮǲ鿴˵żˣڲ˵ͳ˰ӵˡ
һһֱ֪õĺ챦ʯȻ˵Ѫһġ˵ѪĶǲõѪ䣬õѪҪôǬ֣ʵ֣˵
ңҲ֪ĸҪҵġ־ŵ˵
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Ҫѽָôֳ췴ĽӰˣ
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ʲôûвáڲˣôͻỳ˵棬жټǰģ
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ĸףΪ¡
δ׼ǰ뿪Լа벽˶뿪ڹСˡ
⻰һ͵ֵͬˣ
һȥִ󺰴У̧Žץȥˡ
صܽԷУǬ嵣С϶һöָ̲סЦˡ
ãԼȼ֮׼֮ǰһöĺ챦ʯɽָŻһء
ҪûһöʯǬֻܰɱˣȻѪȥ
ȻܱԼһ֧Ϊ˼˵İȫֻˡ
ڵĽǬˡ
ż˯źǬԺУžƱСáԼ̬ȣǬԽԽ䣬һˣԼɱ׸磬˸׵˻ʵۣԼĶҲԲʲôỳɡ
֪۲ۡǬȴоˣҲ֪ӣǸͷ
ֻ͵ؼȥˡ
ڶ죬ȥ˸ûõʺķأһͺ󶼲ð
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һʺдģ̫ˣʺҪѻʵ۵λ֡һˡֱΪ񣬶ͽҴͥ
ǵİڹúܰȣ˭ҲôõĻƻˣڷصˣȻǰ׼췴Ҷͬˡ
һƽϢȥһ־
ʵǸűڷصһģΪĵ¹ۣ̫ǿˣǴһֱֻ˵¡ڷصһܻ꣬µ¾ͳ˴̸ˡ
̫ӹׯĹˣ̫ӻһ̫
˭ȥģǬһȭϣ˵
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ܽԷŮ˻ô룿Сºն֪ǬǾöԲӵ嵣
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916 λ

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ȴ˵λ̫ӻζԵ£壬ȴ壬ΪǵжʱΣǵ̫֮λʱǽڵ£
Ѿӵ嵣̬ԵúܷӤضȲʱҲ̬£˵е̫֮λóȥȻڸҪ鷳һҪΪĸ밡
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ǬȴЦˣ˵ҪˣӺǣҪһԴ
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ڽŵʱǳСȴΪǬӣЦ
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Ҫǰ̫֮λţôͻ鷳Ҫǰ̫֮λ˱ˣôǾͲŹǬһҡСˣ̫֮λӣôǬ̫֮λóȥˣֻԼûϵĲ𡣵ֲ̫ˣһͲټΪˡ
С̫ӵĴͲǬΣܵΪѣᱣС̫ӡС̫ӶʮˣʱҲʮˣ֪̫֮꣬ӻλãǸ̫ӽİˡ
һ˿ŴĴָĿɰģº˾ͻǰ츲صı仯һĸ˵̫ϣԼĺ·
۵ؿ˿ӣһҧһͷһͷۿҡˡ

ڶ죬Ǭһײͷϣȥ糯ˡ
ҿз䱻ðܻ£Ѹ̫ӣȻ糯̲ס
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ҪǬԼĻˡԱͬϳκҲҪָǬǬĻϲָҪϰ̫֮λó
һͿԵ̫ˡ
￩һ̫ӾȻҪԷϣ
˵̫ӻǺܶµġǲ׼ϵģȻү̫ӣסһеƽ⣬в̫֮λʮʮҪӰ˵ʱٿڶѡһʵۡ
ǬվҪ̫ӣⲻǴĲ
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̫ǲǲ̫ˣ˵ĺȻعɣ̫Ӳ˵Ͼͷϵģ̬
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رǿӱһѱһᣡ
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Ǭǰ˵˵ûǲ̫ˣ
̾һε˵⻰˵ͳˡⲡôȥ꿪ʼ˵𣬶Դʧ֢һֱûкùΪκȳȣڽϿ˵⿪˽ţȴ¿ʺʺÿȫǴֿʵÿÿʱۣǰ£ڶһд־ۣѾò˱ˡһЩ鷳£ӵĲˣһԣͷΣܽԷѡֻһ򵥵ѡ񶼻ͷΣ˵Ҵˡ



917 а硿

ңзˣǬŰ˰ײԴʹ˵
üͷʵʲô磿
ǰҵİӣͷ̥ڽţڲ꺢ӡʱǻȰ뿪ҾòŲôأڣһֱоĻƣ⼸Ǹоһɷ紵ȥرܣʱæӣѽԴֹˣ
ӣƵġ
ӱﶼѾ̫ҽˡ
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˾ˣֻԽԽãԺ̳ǿģôǶϷأһ㶼ƣֻǿһ֡Ǭŵ˵Ҳ˭֡
˭֪ǻص
ˣˡ
۾ɨɨˣ˵̫֮£ݺ飬˳
˵ȥˡ
˭Ҳ֪ôġ



918 ҥۡ

ҽԺһҽ鿴ǬŻܽԷ
棬ʺӣ嵣ڶ˵ŻǱĨᣡ
ôˣ
Ǭˡ
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ΣǬ׹Լڻʹ˵Լ˲а硣ҲǻʺôָССԼҲĵؿ
ǬæֵĸС²ģǱˣ
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ʺ۾һУǬʲôˡ
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Ѻӵݵ嵵ϣسȥˡ
ҲǶºӡҪúãڻңڹҶá
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вȴȨȨԷŵ£
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ȻվڵзӪôҷ飬ģ
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һŴ˵κ͵£Тģ̫ӵĺѡ
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ҥͼֹ̫֮λСӣκֻӣǺѡ
ӶǬա
ҡҡͷϵѪ䣬ԥ˵£ҪҪǳ
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ʱ򣬲ǰԼ̫ӵŮˣûˡ
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ܽԷû鱨ֲãԸ鲻˭ҥǿɲ
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ǻʺģһֽǬ
дݣָҥߣǳ︮ˣ
䣬ǬĶͷ

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һƪµ£ǿлǴղס̫ҪλӴԼĳӣȻ顣ҪǲôƽΪµĲˣ
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²İգϲ׷ҲעűֽֽϢϲ²ᣬ



919 δɡ

ۣ൱ǿҵģ
ⲻǽϼ죬ҥܴﵽЧ
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㳤Ҳ±¶˳̣ҲѾûκЧˡ
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սٻغϣҲ͵糯ʱˡ
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ʺ򲻶ϵشһЩϢжٸ󳼽ȥ˵Ϊ̫֮ܰλСӡҪҲӦôүǣ
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ڸι̵嵣̧ͷ˵ųôųԣ
ǬԴһ£ƺԶܸı飬ɵ˵ҲΪǵܣŰһЩڷˣ
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Ǭæֵ𰡣Ƕ˷ѣҰˣ
һֱ˵һźţ˯ˣ嵰Ѻӷ£Ǭ˹ȥ·ûͱҧסˡ
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ٺٺ٣ⲻǹС˳ܽԷһ档˵ĶĲϻ̧ͷ˿еģģƵģģʲôʲôˣùӴ򣩣ǺĲ١
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ϻһ֣˵ȻǻӭóֻУϷȥӮѰɣ
Ǭϵļ˳飬Ȼ۸⣬ѻֻеݸ
ϻһЦУȥ˶ˡ
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Ǭı׬ԼǮϻЦúӣ
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η粨̫ˣ˶ҿܽԷһϻȴˣ
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ϲһ£˵ǸȻ״˵ûүĴ󵨣
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ķչȻ˵˽Ǭȥ糯ˡ
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糯ϣ޼ɺܼң˵̫ӲܷϣҪǷˣͥײ
֪κӵ̫ˣһǬǵһЩ



920 ع

˾ˣ˾ˣôô嶯ɲ
Ǭ˹ȥڳ޼ɻûжǰȱסȻźţھҪȥѰһ㡣
̩㻹վʲôס˾ˣ׾˾˰Ա߷㶵Ӻ
Ӵ˴һѣŶһæܹȥǬѳ޼Ӹס
κӣȫǬӳ޼ɶҪࡣס޼ɣ޼ɶûзĻˡ
Ǭʱ˶ĻᣬǺʣҾ˾ˣ̫ҽѾ˾˷ȥ
濴Ƥһһġ
Ļûȥá
ˣ˾շȥˡ
˸̧ų޼ȥˡ
̩Ҫþ˾ҧˣÿ鲼Ǭ
һҲֻóϵĺˡ
׳ڽʮ£ӵĺߡ
޼û˵ζ޹ðˣ
ͥû˳޼ɣӣ徻ˡ
˶ˣ޼һȺף˭ҲվһԺĶ̣Ƕ첻ˡ
棬ʼ˵
Ǭ岻ʣȥ̫һλͬˣǴղǬ˶̫ӡ¸µʮһ£ıʽǰ;ٰ촫λ
˻˵꣬ǬһʯͷҲ˵ˡ
صܽԷУǬϢǣһ˸˵غȾף
ӣܽԷˡ
еĴ壬ܽԷߣС̫ףˡ
ǳĳϻһʲôҲûдҵֻܸˣԲȣ
Ǿһݲͬȴ˸о׽
ǳϻ˵ĵطЩ˿ɲһڷδƽ֮ʱ͹ġҪǾǵԼĵˡ
ǬֻǳȥĺߺЩõ˴һкͽԺͬϻˡ
ϻһģһЩˡ
⣬˶Щ˼ˣڲΰ
ǬЦ䣬ҹظÿλүӾ裬ղŨһڲȦӡ
ͷף󣬺棬ϻżͷûµؾ͹棬ǶⶫȻرظȤ
ȻΪежǸŰˡǿǬǿǣò
ǬڣߵκȴĹ㣬ҪԼһ棬ͬǲ̫ӵѡ
Ҳĸϵײһʱ䣬ٹԱһҹˡ
˵ܽԷƽطˡ
һ죬˧ЩǷϵسǬǰ棬˵磬Ҫȥˡһȥ֪ʲôʱٻ
乬ֱΪˣ˧ˣҲһЩѡ
ǬļʲôҲû˵Ⱦƾͺˣ
Ҫǰؼһ㣬βһ̫֮λôڳûġ³Ǭȴû˵Ļղ˵Ϊ˭вĵʱ˭ץסܶһѡ֮顣ΪֵܣΪһƣ˸ɣ
˧뿪˳ˣǬͳʮ⡣
뿪֮ʢˡ
Ȼ֣ôûֹǬʣֻԼܽԷ
һƽȵĴ֣η󣬴ֶܰѷס
ıʽڰǰ˵õġ˼µ׼ʱĵѾ׼úˡ⼸ıֽˡ֮ǰС̫ӵĲʽ
С̫ӳ˳ˡ
ֽҲһε¼õ˼ֽһӷ˼˰
ıǰ죬Ǭ嵺Ͷֻص˶ס죬Ͳμ˲䡣
ǰû̫λģֻбû̫֮λֻûյĳûλ̣񲿵ĹԱԴһλ
Ǭ˵̫֮ӡ͵ϣȥţ嵵б󣬴ȥĽѵȻ½ӹ̫ӡдһñӣһ
ŻģӵĳǬۣĺҲ۵˯š
ϣ˯ڶ죬С̫ӣŻʵүүȥıʽ
ıʽȸŽõģ찲ıһá
ıҪڣһдҪΧۣԾͰڳˡ



6


921 С

ǵһǿŹۿڡ
׵ıըĻ֣Щֻһ̻İǵǷǳ޴ġ
𾪣ΪŭǺܿعҴƵҴڷһ˵Ҵƾ
ǣǵԺȻһش󣬴󣬴Ժߵﶼͦŵģ
ʵۺ̫ͬʱϯıʽǬͱС̫档СӵӻĴ󣬾Ȼûбſˣ۾ƺҪһʱİ磬Ǻεȵľ뷱
ıʽɢ˺ȥѲһ¡
ǬС̫ҲһȥǬĸоѾģܴ󡣾ĴѾˡʽС࣬˵ѾʵˮߣÿһһСġ
ЩǶھǳ⣬ЦǺǵ뿪˾
˾ƽΪİҪ˭ʹ˭
뵽ԼѾû̫ӵѹˣǬһɣɣǰôôɡʮǴˣͰλøҶӣҶӵһƽʹߡţƽʹ˭̳ģǵȻ
ʽˣıҲˣǬһڣԴӶᵽܽԷסˡ
ѾǬͷϣƵˡСԹȨǬϡǬҪȥסʱԵġ
ͬģڲ̫ӣϵȨȴȫûб䡣
֣ǬĴȴһ֡Ҳ֮ǰҪó̫֮λĳԡ
ܽԷһֵļ
һܽԷĻ԰ʯͷϣз𾭣ĹŮ̫࣬ΧԱߣз𾭡пΧˣһη𾭺΢΢һЦ˵һ𾭣֪ʲôĹŮ̫඼ҡͷȻкµһЦȻ˷𾭵ĵʡһνܵΧ˵ĺȲʺͬ
˵ˣ˵һη𾭣ȻʣҲ˵öԲԣ˵һκĻ
һ죬ж׼ʱȥʯͷϣҽ
ҵϰÿ춼ȥһºн
һʱ䣬ܽԷﾹȻҲĻζ
˭
У˵еͷ
ĳ󣬾һͷԵСֺУС̫ʱС̫оˡ̫а磬оͷۣЧǾˡǷ̹̫ӵĺУͷôС
ֻ⼸죬ǰ̫ӺС̫һȥˣеõˣŻ͹Ůི̫
ʱ䣬ܽԷﶼ֪еĴڣʶذеܽԷһԱ
һ£һŮСĵǱλոĺиָм˵ܺӦģΪǺС
ܽԷһӾܺǷǳĸУߴ
ܽԷ˶ںеϿɡ
Ǭʱ򣬿ЩͬܽԷˡ
ܽԷһ˿ͬζһ㡣Ҷ˹ˡ
㣬ȻҲ˳ˣ
㿴ʲôһ۹ʵ
Ǭһ㶣ǿˡǺϿˡ
ⶼôˣҲ˹ĵöˡǬߣʵ
ָһſڣ˵ǸУ콲˶ʵģ÷ǳƽʱ˵ˣڶûˡЩٵģ͸˵ˡ˵ԺӶرİҸоҶˡԲòһ𰲾
Ǭһۣãô໰
ҵ֯ĸо
Ǭ֣㻹ǸѧɡҪ˵
ĻЩϴһ
뵽ãӦöϴܣȻЩ̿ͣ᲻ҪĻء
еı֣ǬܽԷÿԼоԴҸܽԷ˽ǶĸܽԷ˶ûвܣǳܣһܸˡ
˳µسΪܽԷһԱˡ
С̫Ѿˣκӣģ㣬ŭˣ˴һ٣Ȼϻȥˡ
ǣ̫ӵķ粨һƽϢˡ
Щ¼Ǭ˶˼Ĳ²⣬ȻȫԵġС̫ӣһЩ鷳
ڶ죬ͻʺ󣬹ܽԷ￴С̫ˡ
С̫һѶǬ



922 ң

Ǭıԣ޿ãѧҲǿԴѧġ岻ʣ޵ĽɽԺҲԷˣǬԲϣӵһƽ͵һ𣬶һǶںȾơ
ǬʱҲûжĻȨĺˣſžƱԼ󣬾͵һһ
˵ŻѾƺȹˣƺԼһҪŻʱǬʾһ¡һ㶣ûиȻҪʵ۸㵹ƣһӣ㾹ȻҪңҡˣ㵹
ӵǬлһжһûУˡ
˵ƵĵһΣͻеڶΡҲûٴСˣȻԾغǬ໥ˡ
һ̾һ
û֪̾ʲôֻԼ֪Ѿܾûȹˡ
ǬʱĻ󣬲ЦŰ˰֣˵Ӧ˵ԸʵأⶼƨɲǸλˣ˵Щ̫ˡȥ˾͹ȥˣԺѶӽ̺ãøʧͳɡңʲôıԣǼٵģ֪ԼķҾǶһȼܹ֪ʲôģԲŸˡ˵ˣҲô¡
ûȥ˵ִ磬ǺȾơ
ǬԼһֶǬʵڿǰ
˼ڰ̫ӸȥˣΪȴûзտհװ׵ݡ
ҪһΣ۾
֣զ뵽˰أ
ֲ̫Էң𣿡ǬַԵ
˵ǰңһ
ҪָǬҪӦһֵүʲôȨ޹ءңҲǲࡣҸˣǰ̫ӣȨйˡ
ǬԸңǾңǰ̬⡣
ãӦ
ƱǬһ±ӣ
Ϊ̫ˣˮɳ˰뱭үȴһ⣬뱭Ҳˡ
һپ˶ˣ˵绹йҪæҪ뿪ˡ
ʺæ˵үǵģȳˡ
֣ȴۣ
ǰм䣬ںˣ˵һһˡ
ǬҲ˯ˡ
һѹʥּˣǬң
۹ңţ磬ģǬЦ
ļ죬κʥּµķأ֮һȥ
ԭĹְӺӺʲôطӺݼָ׸ҲǴϽ֮أӺƹĳ١ְ˻ˡ
κʮݵķأһȥĵطеһݣ볤ľ룬ķУԶطĺûҲм䲻òġ
Ǻõˡκһֱܳ裬ٳڱϳˣǽһί˵ʺ޹üˡѾ˴ƣʺ룬Ҳƻڵֻ֣ӳˡ
֮⣬µҲΪҪԭ򣬱˻ȥˡ
֮ǰ͸µӣǸǣʸ̫֮λˡ
ջȥҲڸˣѾûʸˡ
ڲʱҲͬյʥּͳ˳ڣǲԻؾġ
ֱΪˣͨգҲͳ˾ĴİȥȥǵٵģĹԱܵġǻӵݻڣĹԱܸ߹ĴҲġ
˧ˡûߣôҲһһͳȥ
ЩûгСƨڳ̻ţЩģͳͳͳȥ
Ϊ磬ǬÿһλֵҪʱȥһپơ
һλȻװĵܵܣκˡһߺžһᣬǬļ˵ܰȥ˾͵ǼʰɣһĲУʼߣ취Ūس
ģĨĨᣬʵ
Ǭ˵˵ٻ𣿡
ţãͷĨĨᣬ۾һ˿ã
ʵ֣ʲôߣ
߶֪ûʶðɣһϴûйߣζгʶأ
¥ķŹˣ·¶Լһ⣬ؿȥûһ˿׸⣬һεļ·ر
ûУ⣬ͽߣǬģ̫Q̫еˣ



923 

ѼܵߣǬܽԷɶˡ
ܽԷûΪǬĵ͵
Щǹ棬ˣҲ档
Ҿ֪СǺǺǡһˬʵ
̫ˣ
Ǭ˿ò׾۹㣬ȫܹˣ
תͷȻͷˡ
ôˣȻЦô
˰ôڵȱ裬Сӵ㣬¾ƣǬֻ֣û¹ˣ
⻰̣
ȴȫ죬󲽵߹󷽵ǬԱߡ
˿˵ⶼˣô㣿ͷˣ㲻ӭΪϷ˰
ﻹҳ㣬Ǿ׳㣬㣬гɾ͸СѵүӵսʱЩǿ򣬴Ӯ˲ǳɾ͸иһЩ𣿡Ǭ۾źˮһ˵
ȴҡҡͷ˵Ϸսĵ˴󣬴ӲǿԣҪǴ򲻿ˣҲ˵ϴ򡣶ǿһʱڲʣ⼸𣿡
⻰ĵǬ̲סζ˼¡
һ̲סЦˡ
ܳΪľ˰ɣ
ץס˵㣬Լŵ㡣
ˣʱȻ󾲾ؿźˮϹ
ʱȥˣǬǰûж͵Ŀ⿴˿֪ǬĶ˵ĸߡǸӣ
֪˶ãˮ涯ˣǬæ㹳һһˡ
㣬ǷǳʵġܹȴǬθˡ
һһ٣ʰùߣȥѾһ̫࣬ȥóˡ
Ľţ˵ѽ¸ݵ߾ƣĺãôãںôãվȻж磬ұ紵Żһʹ඼ûСǺö
ү˵öǲʪ߾ơ
ص˵һһ裬ƲˣҲˣ㣬ȻǷʣζ
Ա㣬Ҫ뿪ˣó·ףȥ
ǹִǾõġ
Ϊ֮ǰֵú໨ջʱǬûüȥܣǸûܣ͸Ĺˡ໨󣬾ͿʼõˡѾȸĲװס
ƤƵ׵ģǾ˳ϲһڵľƷǾ˶ˣ
ȻǬʮ౻ǾóԿˣһҪ໨ץ
õ໨ṩ˺໨ǿǲ⡣
͸ڵúһ
ѾɽǱ߹ˣһǬϲˡ
ȻĿȫǣɽǱߵջǷǳġʱǬڵǮƸһˡ
ҪɽǱ̫䣬ֲ飬᲻ûġ
ˣҲϷá
ܽԷһֱЩСС竽棬Ȼ࣬ȴҡ
ǳҡҪǬң̫ӵͷͳˡ
󣬾Ͷ̯ӿʼ
ʮ죬ͰܽԷֵĿŪˣصĻ֣ϸˡ
Ҳȫסլֿˡס˲ܵǱֵӰ졣
ŹĵҲһӱʮ죬͢ż٣ĹԱҪһǾͣܽԷҪΪˡ
ҪһΣֻһܽԷҪ˺ûˡ
ˣЩѾųĳأǲЩˡر屦ТЩ˶ˣǬæԼĺլǺȾơ
굽ˣܽԷװε÷ǳζܻǰ沿ָųǽ档Ǵûйģʼҵ԰ֺٶ԰տŵģǬ￪ˣǼֱǿȺˡİնˡĹҲһӱ˳ȥһˡĽ취ܽԷûбոûˡ
ϵʱܽԷ̻
ȻҲó̻Щط̻ܽԷı֮⣬ˡ
ҳֻ̻˳һһҹ
ܽԷ̻һӳϦÿһСʱܽԷİգΧܽԷİգǸ񫡣
ܽԷٰʫᣬЩ˲ӹʫ
±ֽϸˡ
һʾֽļߣֳ¼ÿһ׺ʫѡõʫһڵıֽϡ



924 ֳܽ

ϱֽ
ʵ̫ˡ
Ȳ˵ܽԷڷͷʢǶԸȥŪɧдĺõʫϱֽǿɾҪﳤˡ
ǣϣܽغϣ䣬ͷСÿһʸϴˡ
ǻǽõġֻĲӣϴûҪóѧвѧȥ
ȻˣӼˣδŮǧŲԳ˲ӿȥҲŮȥ
ŮѡɸѡרңܽԷﵽߣŮ󣬾ȥҪҪϴ
ðɣô̫ˣһϾͷ˲ٵᣬЩѡרұٵŮ˰ơǣȻ˲Ůϴȥ
ĻĶϵεģ
ܽԷ̫ӾסأѾ߹ˡŸ棬͸һ񣬴ڣھٰʫʴᣬմĻˣһǺܸߵĻ͸ӡܽԷһ֮أĻʥء
ӽܽԷڳµİռ䣬һƷƣ
û뵽ܽԷȻֵİһǬĶ棬̲ס˷ܵ˵
ǬƱ˵ջҪлְԺңм
Ǻǣ˵ЦˣæЦ
ţǰھӡǬԺӺ淢һסޡʫ䣬֪һɧˡ
û뵽ǣղڰϣ
֣Ҳǽ׶ѡû뵽һػس־͸ĳôһլӡ˼ˡ˵ҺþãʱûطססԺ󲻹ǻؼңڳ﷢չм֣
˵ţ̲סûʱľȻ̫ӵ£շʱĹˣѾң
ǬЦŰ֣˵׼е֮ƣһ־á
ǺǣȻңЦ
ˣֻǬղڴϣһ׼ʫܵһҴϵĿӱ־λҵı
Ǿ˳ǣصֹһʹľ۽綼˲٣ʫ⾳ȻҪЩ޲ĲҪ㡣ԣһӾӱ⼺ǳ˷ͷ
λҵĳ֣һϲӱĴ˵ˣ־˵Ҳܵ˼鳼żϼˣһ̫µıֽ࣬ƹűֽõͣôһڵıֽǲõˣһʫġ
Ų֪Ǹų־ν鳼ǰ
ڻϷʢʱˣ˴̨ˡ
أԿһĳɳ
Ҳʱ´ŻǬ
ʱ֪Ǭ̫ӣֻǵһк
Ǭ䣬þͰеԼԺ
նžƲ˽һ磬֣֪̫檣ڳңˡҲܽԷŮˡǰλԭ̫ӣ̫ң
һ־ó費ҲһҴ
˶֪һ޻˵ǬҲҪʲôү£ֱһ־ͺá
ƺ󣬷ŵĿ⣬ѾͣԺ󣬿ԶȺȾơ
󣬱ֽˣŵʫȻǷ档Ȼͷʫȴпӱ־ĵһʱͷ޶
ڹȥˣܽԷҲҪΪµһ꿪ʼˡ
ڣܽԷĻǷǳ޴ģ̻񣬾һʴ֣װεĴֽţˡ
ǣСµŶӾ󣬷־Ȼ׬˻ȥıǮ
ҪôǬԼ°͸ȥ˵
Ѹ뵽ֵĶȻ׬Ǯˡ
ܽԷһĿǶǮǶĳ˰ĳܲ׬Ǯɡ
Ǭ̾Ϊľ÷װ
ҪǬ˾;Ǯ׬öˣ۽Сˡ
ȥһ룬Сһú⣬ĿǬһ£ǸĿܽԷ׬屶
Ҫǰѳǰӻ׬ǮҲֻ³ʮˡ
Ѿһ֮õĴţʱֿˡ
ЩǮˡ
һһʮģˣˣǬͻʺ˲ٵϢˡ
һȥʱ򣬻궼ãʵˣǮึôϢһۣ
ָоð



925 ˡ

׶ˡ
Ǻ£ҲǺ¡
ڻ˵ҶܹϷˣʲôã
á
Ȼ˼ҲܻݵһԱȴ֪һĶѵĻף˾һ
ˣͻ׷⣬ͻݳһݳγ˷ôͻῪʼʴңŸʴ߲㣬Ȼһݳ޵ĹңȻܳãһ㡣
⣬һЩҰĵĻңǮ󣬾ͻᶯ˼£С¢⣬췴
ԣͲˡ
ô죬ѵǵǮɣ
Уʺ󲻴ӦǬӦԼӦǰ߿ǵǾ⣬ǿε⣬ûûûǮƵĵ
Ǭ˽ˡ
ûգôǵǮԼ治ˣǵǮ
ǾͶʣ⣬С
ǰ߷ź˵˵УǴţǮҲմҵĴǮϢҷϢǮŵҵĴ棬һǮǮ
ǰҲǮׯǮׯǮҪǮׯѵġ
ԣǮĿںţ˵ġ
Ǭ˵ͻʺ󶼾ÿԡһ൱ڰѻ׵ǮץˡʲôϢϢģǮԼϣOKˡ
˵Ͷʵ⡣
еֻ²еǮҲһֻײôСôҪһǮˡ
ҪôǮͶʣǾǴĿˡ
ĿҪЩһʱ䶼ûܻÿǬĸŶȥȥ
ǬŪ˼Ŀˡ
һȻúˡѾ֤ǰ;⣬ǶӴͶʵ档Ժú⣬
ڶ·ʲôͶʣ·Ҫúһֱ·ðɣ˵Щ·ǱǵúѹˣӦ޻ɡǾˮȥްɣ
ǳǮѵ·ˡǵǮһ˻裡
Ͷʺ̡ںûлǵڶεĺҵھȽȳǮȻ׼ȵһˣôӦ׼ųڶˡ
Ȼ̵֪ЧΣ϶ǮϷŵǺͻʺͬһϣҲǴһϵ
ĸǿ
˵ǬڻõС
˵ǬڱλǰѪĹϵĴڱ¶˸߲ȦҲ֪һ׵µģȻɢзˣùĹˣһ͵ӵĹѸⶼûˡ
ǬڽŵʱûôοǵȵþãʱӦ˱ŸˡǬķչȥˣŵׯ
Ȼܵİۡ
ǰ˰
ҪЩԭݶմ˹ĸСĵ·ʧȥԲҹҪȻĻʱֻ±ҵ˽˲ʮˡ
ΪﲻҪڿׯ
ˣͷϵǮҲˣͶǳΧˣҪƬǲ̫ˡڴϴǬ߷ʱ򣬾˵ûʲôˡˣܵеϢԼռ˱˵
⻰ͷǬԴƵĵ顣
˺󣬷¤ǱдƬԿĵĵأƽԭҪǿǽǴͶʰ޻̡
סǵǮòˡ
ǣͰһӽĴͶĿС
ǷǳģǮҿ໨ʳ
ʳ໨֮أıһҰģҪˣҪǰôһƬظˣֳʳǿ㹻ȫúüˡ
һ֧
İǬͻʺеæˡ
Ԫ󣬳Ṇ̀ͶʵϢ˶֪
ֽΪͶʣ˹
һʱ䣬˵Ŀ⣬Ͷ¤
ܱߵĵľûһӴﵽ˷ǳߵĵز
һƬæУǬõһ鱨
鱨Ǭ֪﷢ġ
Ǭ֯˾ϰ˸߾ͺܴ󣬵ǾϵģҲôܵȥΪʲôǬһĺôߣ
ʾģˡ
öѪʱ˵˹Ҳֻǻʹ֪ôһӴ˴֮УҲ֪
ʾģˡ
ˣһֱڿ̫ѹ粨˭Լȥ
͸¶ϢȻ˭Ͳ˵ˡ
ǬìܣѾˣҲͲùͻαװж˵ģͲġ



926 ʹˡ

˭
Ǭã
£ǳ޼ɣոǬ𰸡
Ǭͷʵô˵
̫֮λС̫ӣڶз¶ˣǳ︮ˡһε·񣬺֮ǰĶһġշ
ڱ·鱨Ǿ˵ˣھϰе˴󹦣¶Եв¼ɣԵµ񣬲ôͶԵֵġͻȻôԵ˺ˡ̫ͻȻˡˣڱˡӶ˱¶ԵµĹ˼ɡŻнôķӦ
˵ҧҧָָ߬ڶˡ
ܵίġкһ㻵飬²ܻᴫֻǼС¶ѣܴҲֻ˲ŻȥáһߣҲκ֧κĳңп¡
˵µʱȻǷߺޣ۾ȴ̲סع
Ա嵣ʱ΢΢ͷźӲɽ˽ӺúõģȻС󱳿һĽࡣ
ǬȻգһۣ˵ȥ
ǰ£ͳ︮ҥһģ϶֮ǰҥǳģ½۵˵
û뵽龹Ȼġ
ڳ޼ǸӣǬҧҧǾ˾ˣȻԼ
Ȼˣ޼ԺҪΪۼҪŵĵˡҲǶȹ˷粨ֻҪùˣͲ鷳ԲʲôҪңǵ͵£Ǭ°ͣ˵
£ҪΪܽԷĵˡ
ǣҪֽŵıʱ֣Ժټ룿
˿Ů˻кӣǬЩƫغߡ
£ΪʲôҪ鱨˵һ䡣
ΪǬԥЩжС£仰һ¡
Ѿ̺粨С£
Ǭһ£뵽Ĺؼ˵˼˵赶ɱˣ
šյͷ
Ǭѵɱ޼ɡ
뷨̫޼ˡȴŷǳĿܡص㣬ΪʲôҪɱ޼ɡɱɱҪҵ
ԭǳ޼̫ҡˡ
Ϊʺ׸磬ǽɱϻλѪ·ĳ֣λ˳Ȩøס˳İ졣
Զģǰڳŷײ˶ᱻץҵȨһ𣿽ģһ̫֮ǳǰˡҳ޼ɻ˳ۣǱΪɵĶС̫λҲ˳ؽ˱µ
յķһץѨλмĹϵ磬һ
¸ǵԭ򣬾ҪԸ޼ɣҵԣһҪҵġȭͷһ߬˵
˵ĶԣҪûµĻԼЩͼ󣬲ŻԼġ
ǾԼĿɽˡԼֺų޼ɣô¸ҵرɣ
£תǬǵ˵޼ΪԸ£˱½ɵ飬ôǱͰ͵ˡҪ˱ҵ飬ɳǲ˵ڵȳСһ²ֻ鷳𣿡
ǰ֮
˳ңʾԼҼϣôͻˡ
Ҳһ㶣Ƚϻᣬһʱ䵹ûǵЩ
ǬڵĹϵܴҵġЩϵõġ
ǲãҪǶˣǬͻע⡣
С˵Ķԡǲܳ嶯һì𣿡ǬϿ嵵Ļ
ղ˵ҪԼ鱨ԼԸ޼ɡ
ڿһ£Լ̫ĶҲΪԼ̫ҡôΪʲôҪ̫ˡ
ŶˡС½
͵Ҫûڵֱ֪û̫ʵôʾӦô
˵˿ˣ
Ǿ˵СģңǬ˵Ҳÿԡ
ҪģǱڣԳҳ͢ơúҵǲóҽһִũҵҵźܴƣˣҲ˼ɡ֮⡭ССָᶯһ̡
˵ǳԼң



927 Ȧء

һѶȾʹˡ
ҪΪѳңԡ
Сĵڶ⣬壬óȻӳҡ
ҼҴҵ½޼ɸһֻϺ꣬ôױӣ
ѶȻ󣬵һСºֻСڣġ
ֻС˺óһˡ
¤ңǬһֱ˵Ĵʣ˼
СʱǬ͵ڼƻ¤ǱߵĵأһƬĵأž޴ĿֵҲźܴĹʱҲǷǳĳҪܰһ󵰸óҸôǱػȥǸطʱ׽ҵĴԴֻҪȥͱػǵף
ǬָϵѪ䣬˵ǽȥǿԣ׽ȥ˲ǿǣ󻹲ǳԵ𣿡
ôеİ׳հ취һڹÿŹʣʮ˼ʮԪɵ˵
ȡһʾԼĴڣҪ˵ˣҪ˵һ顣ȥĵأ͢ͱµȻǸˣֵ֧ġǸȥģôͲЩĵˡʱˣ꣬γ˹ģˣ͢𣿡
ıҵۣǬоԼƺµʲôȴ̫˵⻰˼ǳ͢ʰĵˣ
˵ƺ͢ʰңҲͬʰǬΪǬҲ׼¤ҴͶʡ
ǵģ¤һйģ͢ôȥʱǿ˳ҵʱ򡣵ȻҲᱻյӰ죬ȴ֪һ٣ԵµĲܣӲȥ𣿶ҪӳңǱҪ飬ǲһսǿñ¸Ե֡ǻӲ𣿡ЦøֻСһ
Сꡣ
ǬԳ֣Ǭóٽն˳ҡȥģǹ鷳ʱ仹Ҫ꣬ܰѳҵԴ󲿷ֵ׽ȥҲǶԸȻĺð취ˡ
ǬȫС⣬׺ͽȥˡڹ˴ҹİ취õͬ˲ٵİ취ƵøáֻС˾
ʱ䣬Ǭʽʼﱸ˿¤ҵ
Ѿ͵ܽԷֲ˳ʮʿȥ¤ǵطȦȥ
¤ң¸ʽɽҲɽĵطŴϰ߰ĵط˵ҡ
ͬȥģд޼ңؼң̼ңңξټҡ⼸ǹϵģкôȻǡ
ǬұۣܽԷֳ󣬲ŸɫġѾвٵעˡһߣע⵽ˡ
˵дس̷ξټҡ޼ǲңسξǽҿฮһϣҪ˵עǿˡ
ȥ¤ңϾͱ߸˻ˡ
һƬĵȦؿģǺ׵飬ȥص֧һȻȥȦأܵͲһ֧ӣһٻ˵ȦĵأȻǰǮǮΪ͢ǹҿģǮǲŵ
Ĺ£ˣΪʲôҪǵطأ
ǲ⣬ʱǻڸų³ޱһֻʮǮҲǮˣȦﶼ˵Ͷʵ飬ú󣬺УȵġѾ˿ʼעˣǰǮŽú׼׬һʡҲвٵ˴˺׬ǮֻϻʺߡȻⶼʱһЩСӵģŰǮŽУһϢܹСӣзա
죬ﴫϢֻССһ޻󲿷ֿȥˣСֱũˡũ󣬻ȥˣһҹˡ
ôģЩǿ˿Լ¸ŵޱһһǮֲıǮܲһǮǼٱǧˡ
ôõ⣬ô
ͻȻ뵽ңȥ¤ҿģôһأʲôֵǮǵȻңƹ޻ˣ
ʱǲ׹ңҪ
ôõͶʣϸϣȻû׬ˡ
Ǵһ¿ĵ־ôףùܼҴȥ¤ȥ
һ죬ëëشܽԷܼȥˡ
Ųزסĸˣƺ񵽱һ㡣



928 ס

˵ӣ޼ɿǰĶӣʵ
弤صͷ
ǸӣЩ⣬ط񡣾ģ޼ɵķֶֻСһЩѡԸˡȴָߣ˲òһ㡣
ʱ˵ģȻܽԷһЩϢ
Ǭȥ¤ҿģֻ޻ҪũҵѧԺӣЩѾİֳˣȻǱͨҪ߲Ķࡣ˸߲ռǵҪһֲס
ֶʵ޼ѾԹ
ڹʱ磬뼸λ󳼳Էÿһס
٣¶һβŵһγԵףǬġ
Ƕ¶ûԹҪ¤ôĵֳȥǿҪ޻ҪֵǮҪ׬Ǯ
޼̲סĶˡ
ڳĴС壬Ѿȥ¤ǵطȦˣǼҪˣǵؿɾͱȦˣЩż˵
޼ɵһۣ˵¤ҵع㣬Ȧģ
ٴҲкûҪǺõȸȦˣǲǳԿ𣿡úܼȰ
޼ɲ˵˵Ȧؾ׬Ǯ޻ңģңģ׸ңģ˵أֿ֣㲻ˣǼҸնΪѹ𣿡
ȴôµ˵⻹˶ңһ㣬Ȼǲͺ𣬶ң޻ǿҹն򵽵ģֻױȽһ㣬Ҳ򵽣û߲ͨ·ѽ
ӵһ޼Щ⣬û뵽ϲĵĶӾȻ뷨οȻ˵ã뷨ͽȥɡ
һ˵Ӧ
ûʱ䣬ùܼȥ¤Ȧˡ
Ȩ㳯ҰĳңҪȦأǱ˭ס
ܿ죬ĳңҲȦһǬĵ
ϢʱǬֽкˡ
ϣܽԷֻСһȾף
СһҲϲȾƣǬС̲סüëǺܿƽˣһڰС죬ƺҪһղմѾƵĿӡ
һǬڽ̻ӣæѺӴﱧ
ڳˣ飬ȻչȥͿˣ˹ؼʱٳ֡
һʱ䣬ǬǺס˱ܻĹ
һ죬ǬׯѾٽׯˣֱ˹ׯ
ȻѾǬĹϵҲûȻҵĹѸˣԺԷԳˡ
ҲҪ¤ҵĿĴǬڴϣ§Źʵ
ͷ˵ǣĺõطֳĶǽˣôҲȥ
Ǯ㻨ˣŸôͶʲôǬЩԣͶʴʱڳͶֻСʵĹЩֵ
ƾʲôҲܣ𲻷غ
ֲǵȲ𣬵ȵǮܷϰɣҾˣԺǮˣԺҲˡŻ˵ţͻȻθﲻŻһ¡
ǬΪ뷨ǲԵģر֪Ժ͢Ҫ¤ҴֽţݽȥǲõġǮͶĺáҪ˵Żɼʵôˣѵˣ
ûСƺǬ֪ν̬˵
Ǭɫһ壬˵ʲô˼һҵˣʲô˻ҵģ
ܲŮ»̬ȡ
һۣ˵㼱ʲôôס
ǬҪٵȴ֣ڶ˵Ժɲˡ
ӣ⻰ôôŹ֣
ͻȻǬ۾һֱϲ˵ˣ
һͷ
ˣǬ˵ѹô˵¿ɲˣ
⿴ǸУǰ²£
ˣҪҵˣԺǸиҵŮиױ𵭵˵
⺢ܣԼҪˡ
ԭô£ղŽ󣬾͸оԼôˣԭǰԼɸĺ
ۼҴҵ󣬻û˺ӵķ𡣡Ǭο
˵ֻգҲûݡ
¡⻰˵ˡԺһƫĵģļҵͺӵģ˵ң˸ղߡǬοԺҲĲҵģ˦ңҲ㹻ĸһӴԴˣ



929 ũҵѧԺ

˹ǬȰҪͶ¤һߵĵء
ŶڵصĿǷǳģǬȴѹסǱߵĵؽ꣬Ƿǵء԰ѳŪģСʵţֻ»ڻˡ
һиõѡҪһصĺˣٿһΣȻͶʡ
ڲ
󣬹˵ġ
ӹׯǬϵһȥׯһˡ
ȻһֱЦ⡣
嵸о֣˺Ǭô˼˵
֪˹Ϊ˺Ӻ󣬶Լĵλģ֪˶Ҳ˼һ뵽ϣûôǬĴףҪҹѸȥҰɡ
ǣ嵻۵ġҪ֪˹˺ӣǾͺݳƽˣô˰
ֻ˵쿴һܽԷĶĳ׬Ǯ࣬Ըˣͻˡ
ȴСºգһǬǬֻøǡ
Ҳ֪ôģڶʱǬСײˣϣС껹һǬǬһ٣Ȼ˼Ҵ
Դ˺Ӻ󣬾Ͳ̫ǬȣǬΪ䵭ĲַˡһϣѺӱߣȻ˴ˣһ֮£嵲ǰ䵭ӻȣ֪Ҫںǰһĸ
ǣԼҪҪʱ򣬾һȻ豧ߺӣȻ硣
硣ڶС»ո˯һŴˡ
ǣʱǬ䣬ʱֻСһ
ڼʶյֳС²ˣСףʲôǬǰţһѪ
ڳȵģͶˡ
ǬʦȴũҵѧԺӡ
ÿ쵽ũҵѧԺȲ裬˯˯ñˣٵĳתһȦҪˣǬٵܽغתתвӣмˣʫۣȻɧ￴ȻǺá
ũҵѧԺҲһ޳ɡ
ڽ괺Եֳ˺֪СĲˣȻаײˡ
ʱҪӿ۵ʦͷϣûײ˰Сˣ˼аײˡ
Ǻŷ֣ԩʦˣƳûкİײˣСˣ˵İײˡ
ƺײ峯ʱ߲˽ӽɵֲˡ
뷨ũҵѧԺˣ˵һֶ˹ɢ۵ķʽֳܹ
ũҵѧԺ˾ˡ
Ҳ֪ܸܲ͵Ǻɡ
ũҵѧԺˣѾй̶ũûũҵѧԺˡȥ꣬һũҵרȥϷǬֻȥˣѾ˳ȥؿֵˡ
ʱҲʾũҵѧԺٵˡ
ũҵѧԺһѧԺȴûôʽء
Դһӱýȱ
ҪûѧôԺôѧɳȥطפվأ
һ⡣
Ǻܿһʾҵ˱ֽСˡ
һ죬Ӧˡ
ЩˣǺȴһũ
ǣũҵ˵ֻũֻҪǸˣֽȫͿµˡӶȥũǶĳɾͣǣǬũҵרҾܾˡ
ѧũǰ˼ˣȴûоɥģܸˡ
˲˺ԭЩȥ굽ĿˣǼ˷ٵĳȴ᲻ûȥǾڳˣϵǮȴޣڳָѵĵطģڶѾÿûԣȥֻᱻǹܸûգũҵѧԺܵѧܳԹסﲻ
Ǭʱһ뷨ӽżרҿᣬоԽ̲ǣũֻҪǸ˶ǰֻǲм԰ʳġ
רǵĿƺڱһ㣬ǺðɣǱĻᡣ
ǱֵֽԵʾũҵѧԺ԰ס
ȻЩζҲͲסҪһݻǣʱũҵѧԺд
֮ǰܽԷΪһչɧڽȴũҵѧԺһݻ·仯Ƕˣ
ǣ̲סؼʫ
·Ҳѹһ˹̲סʫһ͡
ǿȻͷʢţǶһ½顣
֪žȻܽԷĳܼͣң֣Ƕݹǰ;



930 ⡿

ѹѾˣˣϵ·Ҳˡ
˵ûз֣⼸ѾͷоǰЩһˣǬԱźӵʵ
һʫظ
ڽ̰
ǬΪ⻹µСƨһ£ôҪѧϰˡ
ΪףӦþһȺӣ˵ʲôã
嵵һۣȻͷꡣ
ŻشǬʲôһ
ղװֱһ¸ӣ˵ӣ˲١ıҲر죡
嵵ͷ˵ǰ׺ɺﶼǴ巢ʱʱյǳԵʱˡ
˵һۣ˵ıÿ첻죬»֪𣿡
⻰ǬˣƺڹһʵŪġ
ðɣ˵⡣
ȴ뵽˵䳤Ҳܿ찡Ӷ׺ˡ
⻰һǬҲǿþˣѾǿҪһˣֻ˶ˡ
ʱ嵻һתʵ£ǲҲ԰ˣƺҲúܿ졭
Ҳúܿ죿Ǭһ£ȻˣҿҪʲôҲְȻ˵ȥ㣬㲻ɱҵˡ
ٳ֣ûˡ
嵺ǺһЦҲԼ˵аˡ
ǹʳȽϺϰθڣԵö࣬ȻǳöˡԶˣͳȥˡ˵
˵ǬҲ̲ס뵽һ˫
ûз֣ԽԽÿˣֿ
Ǭæվ˵ȥˣԽ˵Խ㳣ˣ½ˡû˵ˣ߻𣿡
º嵿ЦǬˣС󿴵ĸЦˣҲЦԺܴʱһҪ
Դӱ˵˺ǬҲʹһ£Щòôѿˡ
ƤȻС±Ҫ˵㣬ȴɫˣǰѾǲˣǰڡҳԺúȺãֲôɹ̫Ƥúܹ⻬ϸ壬ʹЩԲټϸһǰԽԽһŮͿˡ
ǻûдﵽ˵ĺÿ
죬оƺЩһ㡣
ʼΪഺڵķգǺܿ췢ֲˡ
⼸죬СӾȻصſڣȴ
ڷΣǬȥʰһ٣ҲȻ˵ʲô¡
ãŹ
ڻǱոˡ
ϣɴ˵ε飬˵ſڵȵ˺㣬ȻСƨһظֺãһֱųȥ
֣κüζſڽӺȥϰ࣬°ʱͻ
ţǬˣôоԾأ
Цֻǽ˼ˡ
СҪΪ磬ɲˣ
ǣǬڶ죬ſڰθסˣȥ˻԰СͤϽȥ
Ǭĺ㣬αˣ̲סغһȻ첽ˣŲԸء
Ǭν˺ðĿΣμ˵ҪȥϿΣʱģڱһϾҪٵˡ´󣬳ٵΣûϿҲСǬ
ΰκʧˣʱǳٵˡǬؽܣ˵磬Ҿϲ䣬һҪʺ˵Ѱңô룬ϲСԺ󲻻᳤ֻҪҳˣͿȢ𣿡
оĵ˵һλǬҲоԼ˵ķʽЩԡ
Ҷഺڵ꣬Խֹ飬ܾԽǼҪȥˡ
ţã㲻ҪԼʧȥ˷ִˣԼɣǬ˵
Ǭ˼ҪζԸꡣ
û뵽Ϻ°ȹǬˡǿΣӦúǬ̸һ¡
Ǭһͷ˵󣬹Ȼ׷˺ˡ
ǺȴϲָоμΣһȴǲԽܿգ֪Ҫô졣
£һĲ죬ǬЩһ뵽˶Ըεĺð취
ţڸһð취ȸ˵ῼĸ飬˵ڻûжиоҪһʱ俴ǲǶио仹СҪʮҲҪ꣬ȲҪ׷㣬˱ƽ״̬˵
Ǭ



931 ū粨

зɧʱ
䣬ֻΪ׸ʲôʲôȣٻֵġо˾ϲо˾ûˡ
ʱǰɱҲһĥĴ쵶
˺󣬾Ǭ˵úеǵͷ˵ˡ
ƺڶ죬ſεһߣ仰δϲ֮ǵͷӦ
죬ιȻûſˡ
ǣˣ㷢ˣһ٣Ȼֺüûˡ
˰£Ӧôĺ󣬻ûʧ￪ʼľ˰ɡ
Ǭһڵ״̬Ǵʲôĳ̶ȣ;ú档
¤ǱѾȦ˵ء
Ḷ́һƴɱڰѵ̸ˡ
ڵضˣҪֹȥǱֵˡ
ģɲ˵һ˵ͳɵģҪͶ
Ҫģ֡
Ǭӳﱸһ£µһЩׯӵũ񣬵ȥ¤ҡ
Щָõġܳĵأǵж󡣷۾ߵģﻹƽԭΪء
ô죬Ȼūˡ
ǬУΪǿūȸɨһͨ
ȵ巢ֵʱҲϽʱ򳤰ūѾǼˡ
ǬʱѾ˳طˣǶūҲǲ٣ȥˣҲɨһͨ
õһҾͷˣȻȥ¤ҡ
һ˹ȥ
ڶ̶̵ƵūгһǼݵЩǿ׳ūǵʮҪ
һӣгɣǳ͢ϣɹٸˣ˵ūôūӣڳҪһūѾĵزˡ
ʵ
ɹһ棬Գ޼ΪūҲ˵ԣЩôӦץնͷ
û˵ģǾūľūû
ճ˵ߣܺߣȻˡѵ̼ùˣѵҪ߳ﲻɣ
ɹһ죬⻰ҲԣūҲû˵̧۵˼ҲҪͼū
ǽİ͢Ҳһūг˭Ҫùˣץ
һū۾ͱ
ûУū˾͢ҪץǾͲˣ͢ץԽ࣬ôūԽɾӡ
ˣĲǣЩҪĵǡ
ǣūץˣǲ˵ͼ򲻵ū˵ԭʮҲ
ǼˣôԸңˣ
ū񿴰׳һؿǣ˵ңʵһٱǣˣҲ˾ٱΪʲô
Ҳٱ
УǼû̲ϰģûִ᣿ûоҪ˵ɹ٣Ǿǽȥˣ
Ĺ壬һû⼸ﵱģ
⻰ϰˡ
һǬڷūȴһòⲻǼ
ֻȫһŬڳĿӣȥ
ȵȻЩɹ١Ǳ죬Ҫ糯˵гľùɣӦΪƻӦ˳䷢չ
⼸Ĵ󳼣Ҳȥ̸˵²ð찡ûŬΪƿҵأ
Ҳ֪Щ˸ʲôãȻ˵ˣǾͲˣ˵С
Ȼȥˣץģһ˼УȻ˶Ҫˡ
Ǹ˵شӦˡ
û֣ûȡһһڴ۱һֻ۶ѡ
ūгֿˡΪץūǴӣǱץֹ֯ͣӪˣǻԴϻˡ
һ£ūĳɾˡ
һҹ䣬ū̧ۣߵʮ
Ȼ֪һʱ䣬۸ͻ
ǹһ£͹˼ˣҪһˣͱļһˡһҪű˵ƨɺ
ңͳ̴󽫾ҵūȥһˣֻҧҧˡ
ʱһЩﲻУǰһūɹ٣ʱҲ˼ˣѼūóȥˡһӾ׬ʮǮˡһʺ˶ɰǸ˻ˡ
Ȼūгô񣬵յūǲ¤ҵҪġ
ֻʱˣж˹ȥȸɡ
ʱˣأ
ǬũҵѧԺѧ࣬УҮҪӻԼҵ顣
ˡũҵѧԺ˵ˣҪȸЩũ



932 

ǣʣ²ӣһ
ǰūץǰ֮ˣũҵѧԺ̧ۣͬҪץ
ūӻɢ֯ץҲǷɢˡ
ũҵѧԺǹ֯һǬڹܵġҪǱһ棬鷳͸ˣȫǬϡ
鷳Ҫá
ôӾô٣ô죿
ǼۣҪˡ
۸ߵãǬһģ˵
һð취ɲũҵѧԺԼ̧ļۣҪټۣǿŰɡ
ȻũҵѧԺԼǵļۣôͲֵũҵѧԺͷˡ
ڹ˼ũҵѧԺˡ
һƴɱ֮ÿ嶼õ˵ӣԤһӣضˡ
ӵȻǲˣǲټЩԤӵũңӡЩũңҲǽ׬һС졣
ˣ޻ˡ
Щ壬ȴΪ޻ѣȰס
׵ֻطһԭĶһǻׯһׯ
ͻׯңǬģׯڽйׯǬĹϵڶǴ֪ģö˵ˡ
ֻǬеģΰźã
һЩ壬ǬˣҪõһЩס
Ǭףʵ˵Ҳࡣ
һ֣һӣֻĲʮ꣬ףǬʺ˺ʣµľˡЩǱȵһʱҪʮ౶ҪԼֶòҪָЩ壬Ǿ͸ˡ
ǬͰԼѴ˵ˡ̫٣Լãû֡
ǣЩ岢ûзرʲôģ
ұʾҪĲࡣ
Ƕ˽⵽٣һ꣬µʱִ󣬲
ǬɿڣǾټӼۡ
Щɹǣңһֻۣһֻۡ
̫Ӵǹپǲ飬Ƕûסڳңˣ˵Ǯ˾£ǲ̫û
Ĺ嶼׵˽ӿˣҪõɡ
սԵõҪ˸˦ˡ
Ǹֹϵˡ
ڹϵͽǮ˫ڵ£ǬֻɿˣӦһָǡ
ļ죬ܽԷյıǿɶɶûˣɰŮ˵Цϲ£ˡСֶˡ
СƨСģҪô죬Ҫˣô죿ǬΪһ̰֣һС飬һ˵ޣиĸ㣡
˵ţһŲᱻȥ
ɰСһˡ
ʱ嵸˵ش˽ȥĶˣ
嵰һۣ˵ȥ㺢ӵ
˵ȴûЦˡ
⻰еìܣһ£ȥˡ
Ǭ첻˵ˡҲ֪ô֪ģԼȥˡ
ۼձǺӵҲ˲ٰӵļҵ׿һӺˡ嵱˵
ţǬһˡ
û˵ׯϿ߰˰ףһׯˣļǮҲߵĵͣȥİ׬Ǯǲˣ
ԭ¡
ǬЩҲǳȥǱߣȴԼȥУöԶµû
գգۣһǬ˵ʵǽģǸղŵġ
ŶǬΪûиæ˵ϡղҪˣһ˼ǵֲˡ
ɰӣǬ̲סЦˡ
׷ֳǳ٣˸Ͼͺ٣תֵõģǾ͸ˡ
Щӣֻһ֮ȫһˡһ󣬲ڳ
ˣҶѾŵ޻ϡ
޻ǹУǬҪһҲǿԣϾЩǴũȥġҪһ飬Ǿùȫȥˡ
ҲѧũҵѧԺ
޻ֹһˣõôӣ̧̧һɣٸ߾ûɵԸˡ
һɵļ۸ҲùĹԱһѡ
Ӷ˺¤ˡ
Ҫ˵һˡǻ׵¡
׵ĽгֵһǷǳߣôߵļֵ¤ǿطϣֵù㣬յö࣬Ȼ׬öˡԷ¤ǿزɡ
ЩȥǱˡ
ǣ⼸ӣ˺üĽè۸ˣأ



933 ӳѱ߲ݡ

Ҫ¤ǿﱻˣ߱Щ۵ھӸ͵ˣⶫôֵһ͵ǲҪ˲ɣ
ôҪǱ֣Ҫר˿š
Ǿһɽһ
Ҫô֣ҪעһЩʲôҪũҵרȥ̡Ҫȥ¤ңũҵרҲҪȥ·ѣҲҪһɱ͸˲١
Щ˺ͻȻȴȥ¤ҡ
ԼҵԺѻݸˣףŪ˷ǳȫıũҵרȥָʱҲֱȥǼңȥǺþƺ⣬Сʱãʱ䶼ɵس棬ũҵרһũҵѧԺˡ
ɱǱЩȥ¤ҵĳɱ͵öˣȥ¤һǧɽˮ
Ǻˡ
æ׸׷˻Ȼ󱦱ڼˡ
ʱǲ뵽һ㲻ȶأҪ¤Ǳ¿ﲻʺô죿ѵȽӻӣ˻һֲɣ
ǲԼʱذ׸׷˻ˡ
»ûꡣ
ΪǷˣңȻ׸ȥ¤ˣҺܴ󷽵ؿʼˡ
һ£ֵǲԼʲôˣҪҪˡ
룬Ƿˣڼ˵ȫġ
ǲ뵽ǣǬֻһֹȥǱֶѣһֻ׵˳죬ôˣȥִˣ˹ˡ
鶼˳Ǭ̲סЦˡ
ͤűˮȻҲԱߵСϻԹڶûһ˽˵Ӿˣ춼ҪˣȴûطˮҪܰ˶ˣȻܽغһΣǵöˬ
Ըû취ʵֵģܽغѾǳﳣ̬⿪ŵĵطˡ
Ǹ߼԰֣ҪջԱѵġյĻѡǲͣ˻ǲ١
Ǯǿͻͻϵۣû취СϻҪ¶챩¶ֲ˿Ըˡ
˵ʱ򣬿Ҵ߹ĺ㣬һ滹׷š
ôˣǬˡ
ʱǰĺתεһۣ˵ٸҹԣ
ҷϣһ仰͸ŵվˡ
˵վﶼûˡ
ƨСϻҧҧε
ŻعȻתͷǬСϻæҪܡ
𣿡Сϻһ仰θվסˣȻת
ε߹ǬЦһ¡
˵ɣô£ôᱻһ仰͸סˣӺûУСϻóͷʵ
֧֧˵
Сϻ˿ʵ˵ϲϰˣҲûʲôһĻӣҲǸƽŮϲȻҶ
̧ͷҲ˵
СϻǹصúܣȻƽȵؿ䣬ﻹΪԼݺѪͳҪߣôܱأû뵽λ
֣šεĶ䡣
ƽʱαš䣬ǻ󺰴еģǴʱжۣȴǲһ
СϻˣתͷǬ˵磬㿴Ҳܹ
ˣȰָſǬ֣˵ʱȽϺʣȽɡҪκ˳ҪҾͲˡ
СϻһðεĶˣȥˡ
Ǭ˿ΣҲĻ
̲סˣʵôң
Ӻ£˵ʱҲûáӺǸҵ˵ʱͻ˵ǬƵ˵
⻰棬˵ǸӺˣһӾúǬ׽˵ˡ
ĨĨᣬˣӺ
죬˵ʵġ
ǬæѶǱȴҪװƽӡ
׷Ҫɹˣ˵ҵȵио˾СͻС˵СٻϲҡҶˣңȻһʱ̲סͣ͡˵̲ס֧
Ǭ䲻øһй£οʲô£˵ɣû£˵
⻰ǴĻջŵܱܵš
ҲʱҪи˿˵˵˳Ҿͺ͹ߵһ˹ϵȴû뵽֪Ȼ˵ˣ
˵¶֮ɫ
Ǭɴ۾ƨʮ갡ȻͰѴиȥˡ
һǺߵĹŮ
Ӷѱ߲ݣȻͳˣ



934 ˡ

ȻССС;Ϳˣһǿɺ޵ӳѱ߲ݡ
һ룬ѱ߲ݲӳҪ˭ԣҲͲˡ
ٿһǿģǬͬ˵鶼ˣӺҪҵҪϲĻó¸ҵظΣͿı仯ˣ
̧ͷǬĿøж飬ɢһӼᶨ
һͷȥˡ
ûнǳܽԷ
ţкģҪΪܴһֱŮģˡ
ƺһߣ̽ͷˣ󣬾æܹǬߣʵ磬˵ʲôˣ
ŶûʲôǬûи
㲻̫û˵Ҳʲ
ļ죬ŷıˣø޳ܣѲҪˡ
ǰ˵ΪһүҪŮ飬׷㣬Ժǽ֮Ļ˵͵˵ɣҲѡôǰ˵ɡ
ֵúܶ˶֪ˡ
Ҳʱ֪ǬһǸγ˻ˣǬˡ
ɶɶɶ⣿ҵܵãҿֱ⣬ɴûжĻ˼㲻ԩҹǬ²豭ί˵
ҲŲţȻǸôô㿴˻Ǻģ֪ǻҪû˸ǲߵսġ
Ǭǲϵ˵Ҿ˵ӺҵȻʲô飬ͲҪرܣû˵飡
⻰۾ɴ׹䣬ɢǹһ
Ǭæ⣬˵ˣ˵СӦû׷İôû׷
ǬȷʵǸо֡
һ֣ǬĲ豭Ҫȣǿһ£Ǭȹģ²ȣҪﵹǿ˿ִһڴְѲ¡
ߵô˵棬Ҿ͸һƣȻߣҾ͵һˮ
Ǭɴ۾ƺִˡ
ˮǲ̫ˣ̫кˣֻڶˡ
㲻غԵɣѵһ˲ɡ
ðɣðɣû
Ǭ䡣
Ҳܹ˭˵ô
û˵㣬ǬһԷȥˡ
ε飬Ϊһ˹ףһˮǿǸֿˣϴ˶֪үͷǻѪԵĹŰˡ
ǣҿĿ⣬Щζˡ
£ʺҲ֪ˡ
ǻʺСӡĸ׶Сӵĳ谮ȻһЩһطСҪ
£ʺӦðѺͻˣȥ
أݺ壬Ҳᡣ
ʺľˣΪŮ˹ⲢԻľ֮
֮󣬷һϵ飬ҪûмôǬ֮䣬ᷢʲô£붼ÿ¡ԣʺмں㡣
ԣʱûƺ㡣
Ϊ˺ҪȥѹһԼĶء
ʺ£ġ
Ȼö˲̫ãһŵĸף¡ǾЩҪȫΡ˺˼ƫΡ
ƫΣ˶ƺ㣬ҪҺһʣҪǺ˲Ҳе˼ǿԴպϣǾһ³֮ˡ
ǣڱΧĻܲ˵ʱ򣬻ʺȥˡ
ʺ˼һ˼ûУȰҪҪźδٲҪˡ
⼸ίˣû뵽ʺȰܲί
ȻѾЩӣʱҲܲˣˣضԻʺ˵ҪҪˣҲˣҪȥˣ
¿ɰѻʺŪˣæ˲ȰˣȻ󷴹
ίĺ㣬ȴԽԽס
ʺȥΣҲûúͣ
ûа취ֻǬǬһȻֺȰ޿ػܽԷȥˡ
ǬʺʾȰͺˡ
ڶ죬ûȥϰˣֵôûȥ˿ˡҲûȥϰˡ
ʲô룡Ǭæ˼
ͷʮˣͷȻֺŨϵĺƤһǰûʲô仯



935 뿪

ĳ£ͷǬ
Ǭ˰֣ҶˣЩʲô
ָﵹ˲ˮ˵ģѵʲôҪ̸ɣȱ֤һ£ҿţһúȰģ㲻öൣģ
ǺһЦ˵ĳȻǶԵ·ġֻĳڻʹУģҪɽȥ
ţǬһ㶡
˫ֽӹǬĲ裬Ȼغһڣ¶˿ζ֮ɫ۾΢գ˺һһˮʣŰ۾豭Żϡ
ȭ͵е¿𣬻ĸ߼κ˻ʺ˵ʵĳʱҽεúûʺǵµıָĳĳġʵʱе̫ҽĳǿµĻȥʺƣһĳĺãԣĳûе˵ôǿ
ĳֻһҽҪҽҪȥİβ˽ĲԽ࣬εĲԽ࣬Լҽĳȴ󵨷ĵˣ
ǰһɣЩǫˡ
ǺɣȴǬһ㶣Ȼ˵ģƺġ
䣬ҽǵһµǵ˻ʹ󣬻Ĵ󵨶
ҡ
һҽϣʧȥ˽ʺʵооˣҽֻ۽ȴû֤ǲġ
λҽðռ˵ʹģ
Ҫ뿪ƺЩ
ǣǬΪΪίԲҪ뿪ġ
ŶҪϼβǺ£Ǹװʵ£Ӧ֧㡣ǸżٻȥģҪʱʱܻҪʲô飬ҲȥġʲôʱȥҺͰһȥ㡣Ǭ󷽵˵
ǻ棬ġ
ǺһЦ˵һģȻǸһȥ
ﰡͲˡѵﻹðί˲ɡȻСЩǷᣬ˺ǺìܣǴ֮䶼ǽû˵ΣŰ䡣˵ˣκϣҶذҪǲԸ飬˭ҲܱҪȹһأĵ㿴ڲԸȥϰ࣬˭ҷǴȲɡŪôһ˵ҪȥⲻָҵԴ˵ôǬ˵
£ĳСģһȥҲȥ˵
ЩǬЩ
룬˵ȰһȰ䣬ȻһԸⲻԸȥ
棬ڽʡ˵
Ӵǽߡ
Ǭͷȥк
ʱҲźһƺʲôЩŵؿǬ
Ǭʾýţʦͽ˵ȥ
䣬ΪʦҪɽȥ￴ź㣬˵
Щƣɫ㲣⻰ӦʦҺһȥ
⻰ˣ˵ˡ
ǬǺһЦ˼˵²ˡ
׷ʵʦʲôʱȥ
󡣡
ãʰʦ
˵˼䣬Ȼ͸ˣʱȥҪȥְˡ
嵿Ҫ㲻ҪߣǺȴҡͷҪȥ
СºջҲźޡ
ˣи飬ͻȻҪ뿪ˣǶܲˡ
ȻҲģȴҪ뿪
һδҰķ£֪ҪδˣҿĿⶼòһˣǰĻʺҲҪȫǳܣ뿪
ȻﷱȻǬ̫ȴˡ
ļ죬˵ľһӶٵ˼㣬ƺ궼һ㡣
ʱࡣ
ǶҪ뿪ˣȴҪܵá
ļ죬ͻȻоϧǰӲ֪ϧʲôڲ֪ζ˵س
ܽԷŮ˶ᣬںǰĸŮ˱ᣬ涼װȿ޻ѿЦ
ǬȥˣǾͲˣܵȥ
ТͷѾˡ
࣬
£Ҳó
Ǭ˶һˣʿ
Ǿү
æȥʺãʿǬգϲĺܣǬ䣬ȻǬһ㡣



936 Ρ

үڵ£һӾϲˡ
˵ˣҲû£㣬Ǻ¡
ǽ
ǵ죬үȴִһͷˡ
ͷǳ˳¡
˳ǳ޼Ӿ˾˵壬ҲǬ幫
Ҳݡ
վڳҵǬԼԾͲ˳ˡ
ϵĹ򣬻Ҫġ
ȵòȾү١
үҪԼʱһ飬ѳ˳ԺҪӡ
Ǭżͷ㣬Ǹƣ滹һԼƵģˡ
һ㱨ʱǬ̫ˣн뿪ˡ
˵޵ˣǬ̲ס
ȥ޵ͨ·Ѿ޺ˡ
ЧʣȷʵǸߡ
һЩϸ㱨ȥ
·ˣǬִЩơ
û飬嵺ͺӣڽɳУŸջϣԭŻӦȴǸûС
һ뷨һֱͳֻżȥݿ
ţǸ뷨
Ǭȥһ¡
嵴ʱΪ飬ġǬҲ뿪һģֿ
ÿڿ޹˺󣬷ȰǬ֧ȥãⶼһûˡ
ϵʱ򣬼Ů˻ˣǬָԱȰţǵûֶ
Ա˵ȴû˵ȵǶˣ̲סʵ
磬Ǳʲôİ
ݣǺļϣ̩ɽߡ
ĵȻǼͻȪˡ
Ǭ֪ģ
۾ȴǻˣһ˵һߺǽ
Ů˺ܿǬ˼ͷͬȻСºĽ˵ô氡ȥǱһ氡ֻϧ߲ҪߵÿҲȥ棡
۾˶
Ҳ˵Ҫ⺢ӻСҲȥˣҪȥɽǱҲܺɡ
ţǺ棬ȥɽϲɣԿɱתͷһ룬˵ʵɽҲϲɱˣû˵档
ر֪ǬºͲˡ
պٺٺ˵Ҳϰ࣬˼ҲǷŵȥǱ£ȻٻؼΣ
⡭죬þ
ȴ֪Ѿˡ
ʲôˣǹϵˣҪҪҪǲҪûҪԼҪ˼һ
ԥѾĶˣҪȥֻϲ˼˵
ǣȰʲôأ
Ǭ˵嵾һӣСºգֻС꣬ĳϣȰѾĶֱ
ڶ죬Ǭ˵ȥˣͽҪȥˣȥϼˣ㻹ҪԼһ˻ȥ
Ҫ͵ͽλˣȥɽҲá
ҪȰסСģסϵģǾˡ
Ҳԡ
ȥ˺֪˺ȥһ棬Ҳͬˡ
ȻʾԼҲҪȥϼҿʱ䣬ٻǡ
ãû취
СģϵĻ
Ǭͺ㣬˳Ҳ׼
Ρ
ţ̩ɽڶߣҪŪһμǣЩˡ
Ҫ֮ǰҪȥׯ￴͹˵
Ϊ˸湫ɢģΪ˲λ˻ʺĹȥȻᣬҲ˵ʲôׯһֱǬֲš
뿪ʱһֱҧţѾˡ
ӽչ˺ù𣬲ûʺһ̫ҽŮҽڻׯţʲôϹߣǬŷ
׼ʮʱ䣬ͺҪˡ
Уĸڡʮ
ӱڣĸڣǬܽԷţû⼸ţġ
ˣüŮ˶޵ứǬҲ̲סЩᡣ龰ƺǧ˸ݵõ˼ˣǻû취ƣеһ
˳ݶȥ
·ˮ̵ģֱˡǰҪƽȵöˡ
Χķ羰Ѿˣǰ죬ڸ·ûͣ羰
˵죬̲סشӳ濴羰
ߣкü羰̲סͣһӷ羰ˡ
ͣͣĴ𣬵ˬġ
˿һ£̩ɽǱߣǬָ̩ɽ˵
ᵱһɽС
̧ͷ˿Цݣ



937 ɽ

Ǭɫһڡ
òиװƵĻᣬûˡ
ҲûȤ㷭һʫ˼ˡ
̩ɽݾͽˡ
һʱ䣬ݣȻʼҳϼҡ
ꡣ
طѾڳϻˡ
ڵһȥһ£ҵ˷Ȼһ·ȥһԺǰ
ֱԺӵķеǳ̼ҵġ
ȥźŵĶΪһ˲ۡ
ʲôǿͣһŮֹżҽ
Ǭ̲סЦˡ
Ů˵ң͡
ŮһתͷϵǬһ£̲סЦ˿
Ц˺ϿԼϵЦǬΪж˵ġ
˵ңôڳţʲô
ǬЦˣ˵ˣҲȥϢ
ڳ˫ɣԱߵȴˡرǳ̼ҵļҽʶǬ
С㣬˭ǳλүҽʵ
̼ڳѾ䰲ʮˣʲôүļҽҲһȫʶԲʵ
Լҽһۣ˵ңˣǽɵվʲô
Լ˵꣬ӭȥˡ
Ѿͤͤĳ㣬ϵòûб䣬ȴøׯأˣ񻹳˲٣زΰβʹȸӴʵһƥĸĸо
Ǭѳճտĳһѱסӵþòܷſ
˺һǳһǬߵ߿ߵǱߺͺ˵ˡ
֮ǰѾǼˣ˶˲٣ϳġ
һס˳̼Ժӡ
ʮǬҪôǴլͳ˵һû˵Ļȫ˵˳Ҫôóߡ
ɽطĩʱǱ˴ũ壬ѱƵˡĩũĵһ壬ɽɽġ
˳ɽǴ֪ĳɽ
ȫĳɽڳʱϵģһߵɽ
ɽڣҲһɽгɽ̩ɽıϡ
ʱԭ򣬾Ҫ߾Ҫ촬Ҫʳǳɽߵ׳׳ˣͺٻǲ췴ˡ
ɽúడ
ɽߣʩ棬ҪСĵģø
ôҿüǬ˺ü죬̲סˡ
ȻʵǱǱũҪ۳帮ȥˡ
ƳʵеľƣǱսº;Ҫʱũ׳ǹͿǰߴսս󣬾ͻصˡ
Ǭ֪ʱֻǵѡ
ս£ҪǬʵ
ܰû˵ġ
͢ҪǱȥ㵭˵
ݣǱںӱ
Ǭ룬ƺЩ
ų㿴л˵һ롣
㱻룬Ҳûм˵ֻ꣬ǱҪսˡ
ݣǱߣǬһ£뵽ˣ߾
ˣҲֻдǸطˡ
ǹŴսִսǱδУ
ɽѾʼӦǳ͢Ǳôˣӽ꿪ʼ׼ˡ
ղųûиԼΪ뵽Լ̫ӵλˣԭǲȥԲ¸
Ǭο˳㼸䣬¶ȥˣΣˡ
ļ죬ǬȻȥĵطĳӣ׳ۡ
ҳӵľǳߣǬʱ򣬲ץݺ󣬲ܶ࿴ۡ
˰죬Ҳûʲôÿˣȥˡ
˵ǱߣҲ촬ˡ
ǱߵĴʱҪöࡣ
ǬΪʲô磬ΪǻʺҪ󺣴⼸Ĵ촬
߾ʱ촬ģȻ촬ʦһû
ڣҲҪ߾ԾͰѻʺĴĴ˹ˡ
Ҳ֪ʺĺûбˡ
룬޹ϣӦòң
ǱԶῴ촬ʲôģǬߴ˼죬ֶ˼ˣϳ㣬һȥǱ߿ˡ
˰ɽغж
ǺɽС
֤˳ؽ촬սһϢѾٲֵˮѵˣڶ̨ˡ



938 ˮ

֪Ƴˮսʲôġ
ǬһӺ
ӼϵˣˮԼǰвȥġ
ǬλˮУξԼȥǵĽ
Ϊңǰ̫ӣ̫ݰλסɽߣûĹٵУξȻǲҵˡ
ǬвУξĴ£յˮսɽĴʿ֮һռҡǬҪȥˮѵرΪڵķˣҪȥһ»ڴʹõΡҷԣǬȥۿˡ
ߴսǬ̲סΪƵ촬촬ȫֻ±˶ûС˿˵ƵĴش캣ȥҪСܽȥǿŵ˵ĺĸܽ캣ǵжĴŽ˺캣ҲԿĴȷʵǹ󣬳ǵ
Ӱϵ˴ϣѲӣڴͷװϼϤĻڣһϤĻҩֵʦˣǬȴϤؼǵǣһʵɵģһСѧѧң˾ȻһˡҲУԻڴϵʵԵġ
ڲӣɳѵúɳȥҪڴϰװڣͲɳʱˣҪʵ󣬾˲ʹá
Ǵк󣬲һЩڵڵĽչѾԹ˼ˣһж֮С
ǬͻȻҪȥ
Աߵսǻƨ˵磬һγѵ¿Ըǰָ
ָõúá
Լ쵼ϲָˣһҪȥ
ӦսˮľסҪһϴȥ
ȻɽѾһ£һֱͳһ𣬵Ǭȴûг˳㡣
మʱ򣬲ἱҪϵ㣬ֻҪһ𣬾Ѿˡ
ȻڳТʱ䣬Ҳʺ¡
ԣڶǷֿ˯
ǬҪͳֿ˯ʱų˵Ҫ𣿡
ң붼û룬˵ΪҲҵ顣
⻰ǬϲһЦ
˯ûһ컹ûأ߳⣬дʿѾʼˣǸë
ſŵĸҲ֪ɶ£ʿķӦƺǺƽ顣
ʱҲѹˣͳûһҲˡ
һս˵Ҫѵļš
˵𣿡Ǭֵʵ
ѵԼĶˣսˣ
սһЦȻͣѵŲ賿ĵҪˣһ׼ú󣬳˺ѵĺ򣬾Ͳˡ
ãǬҲʼϴ緹ʱ򣬸ʿս
Ǹսһһ׼Ϻ󣬹һĴ죬ʻ˳ȥ
ⲻǵһһһˣϣûʲôʣǳ㣬Уǣܿͳ˲ʣδˡ
ǵδûӰ쵽˴ѵˮɵֹеѵеҪѵȻǷżٰдûŴ
̣ǽ˿˺˿
ǬսԱߣ̨սģ˵Ǵġһ죬ö䶼졣
ʱѵĿĿˣսظۣ
´Ǭû£˶ˣǬֻ÷ųͺһ˴
˴£սѾ׼ˡ
ǿǵǬǳĺѼӣԲŻ׼ģû뵽ǬȻûδҲû£͸˳ˡųǬҲͲ÷ˣսһӪȥһź˵ˮȽֻˮ󣬶䶼̫ˣ
ǣǣΪңսܻ˵
㲻֪𣿡Ǭֵʵе
սһͬ˵λǰ̫үһذöˣ˵Ǵ뵽·ˣҪܴõµˮѵķӣԼµˮսˣԼϵİ¡æˣ£ΪΪ
𣬾òͬɫӣȻԶӶһҴϵ˿߷µʲôǬһߣһ˵
սͷ˼Ǭ˵á
ɫú죬֣Ȼƶʲôƣʱͻһ֡Ǭֵ֪ǵĹУҪĻȥˣ



939 ˮѵ

սϵսмӴ
Ļͻᱻ紵һߣվڷͷĹԴβϾáҪվڷβҪͷĴû취ġ
ƽ˾ʱҪǱ׷ȥˣԶˣҪǻˡҪʱŪһɽô󷽾ͱˡ
ԶвĵطҲСҪյˣҲùӦǷµս㱨ʲôҪģͨսҪϢͶˣеĹĶĸĸ˷ģûܣˡҪǵ˫սһսˣҵĹҲһǾ͸ˣ֪һǴǵģ
սһߣһߺǬ˵Щ㡣
ΪˮײЩ⣬ҲᣬôҶˮɣû·ı䡣
Ǭ˵սһЩϣ˽ڼĻʲô֮ǬȥǱߺȾƣһ
Ҳû£ʮٻȥҲá
ǬӦˡ
ϣսں˾ƲˣǬУгСŮˣ͹ȥˡ
ϾǬó˼ļӣȻھϾͺսˡǬĲУξҲûԱߵơǿԿǱйġڿ촬Уξսš
һߺȾƣһ߽Աкüڼ¼ʲôȵǬ֪˵ʲôˣѹͷεòС
Ȼ֣սˣȵҵʱ϶˺üӣ̻ƣҪ̵ư
ٳϣҲвٵʿԶȥ
ӣǶԼĻȥˣȻҪʵƶǵһ׹ˡ
ֻҪ֪⣬ȻƳ̶ƣͿˡ
ʱ䣬սǾͰԭĹתƳȻǼᣬȥѵȥ
Ǭϴȥˡβûйô¶Űˡ
ЩŰˡ
֪ϴ£ǬİȫȴҪǸԸȻ
ǳ㲢ãˣеŰˡ
ǬϴǰwƬϣһЩ
˺֮սǿʼʵΪǰʵ飬ԴϤķӦǺ˳
ܵ˵ǳõʵˣҳɹˡ
ǻһЩģǲһЩ̫ˣñܲͨټԼһЩ
ǬһȻǵõġ
Ǹо죬ǬˮϢ˵εĵطҴ󴬽ںˡ
ңǽںӵģô⴬ģ
һ뵽˺Щȥŷ޵Ĵˡ
һϲȥˣҪس￴һô
飬ӸսԼȥ죬Լسȥˡ
ͳ㻹ǲģӶݣ·ߣ˰£ͳ㵽˼ңǬǲſȥ
һǱģ˵󴬽ںӣѾһǰˣôӦ絽ˣҶҲ͵˳˰ɡ
ǵһκǬЩڴʲô
ñϴιʱʮ죬Ǭڵ˳һ·Ƿ糾͡
볤һסһϣϴԼŷؽǣصܽԷ
ȻˣǻǱһ·ĳɳŪøһܽԷһȺ˸һȻǬҶ
ȥʢģˡ
˳ˣͲüˡȥұţԼˡ
ʹ̼Щ壬ĺ壬־Щ£Ȼй鸾
ȱţȥÿҪȥŵģȥ
Ҫȥʺ󣬵ǻʺϢ󣬾ȹܽԷˡ
ŵʱǬĶӣСʱİˣ۵ؿ޵ȴûлװľԮҲûеõλ׵İ̵İǷǱЦû꣬İҲڸ˵Ц̺ãԼȻĴһˣԶԼˡ
̫ˣ
л̣
ĸ⺢ӲףʲôǬί˵
ʺû˵ҲһëëƵģ˼˵



940 Ǯ

òײų˺᲻ùΡ
ȴû뵽ᱻĸ׸ˡ
Լȥε
Ůһ֣ǬڰѺȥˡ
Ūú˵СƺôԼˣŭԹ
ʺʶһֱشˣͣ
ʱǬ𺣴Σ
ʺƺһЦ⣬ȴ˵ʱ˹ԼĿˡ
˾ĿܻǵǮ׬˶԰ɣ
ǻʺû˵˵Ҫ֪Լ֪ˡ
ãʲôû˵
ʺ˺ܾò뿪
һ뿪Ǭʹɫ嵰ѺӷŸ衣
һ죬ȻɶɶǰѺӷŸ衣
ȻǬŮһ˷ˡ

ڶ죬ָ뿪ǰĹ켣
˵ȥϰˡ
֮ǰ˵ҪȥɽҪɢĵģڿЧˡ
嵿ͱͱǬʾһ£ǬЦЦҲû˵
ԺúҲȥ·ѣҲֱʾȽ˵
˹ͻʺȥʺ￴һĿ
ǬǼſһĿΣʺȴһ
ڣʺϰĿóˣĿ˿Ǭ۾ֱˣ
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оԼǿ࣬Ҳ̲סıһ¡
ʺЦһؿ
Ҳ֪ǲ֮ǰҲĳڱˡ
˵Լţ󣬿Ҳȵˣһ־ùƽˬС
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ֳǰóȷʵǱߵ̶ȲһŷǱֻܱ߸ոԭˡ
ӡȹ˾Ŀ棬Ҳͬѹɶŵಡˡ
Ǭǿˣֻɵ룬ûгಡġ
ǣֵܷǮǬЩʵ
ôһ鵰⣬ֵԼķϣٰ
ôǮҪֵöأҲ᲻÷ָˣȷϰɣʺ˵
ʺ뷨ףôǮҪǷˣȻҲǺӴ󣬵ǻ᲻ðǸϷˡ
ǲǬŲʺΡʺԼͺˡ
Ǭͻʺ˵һЩڵڶĳˡ
׬ǮˣôڶҪеˣôǮбˣԼ㶨ˡ
֮ǰѾȰѺͶȷȥˣҲʳˣԵڶҪǸġ
˵󣬻ʺʾ׬ǮʱŲһ£áȻ˵úǬȴ뵽ɽǱߵ˵˳
ʺͷûҪ߾飬Ǭ͸¶һЩ
߾Դ˻ҩ֮󣬾ѾΪĹҡ
ȻǵĻҩչǿǴƾΣˣƿɲø߾չȥ
ԣȥʱ򣬳͢Ѿ׼ˡ
ڴƵĹܱԼҵסУͲˡ
һǱս֮սԣҪƴϹȥˡ
һսֻ¹һֶʱǳ͢¾ˣսɡ
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ҵǮڻʺǬߣ׬ǮôȻӦȥ֧һˡ
ǬȻƣǶԴˣǺ֧֡
ʱ䣬Ǻ̵ĹɶǷǮȻóǶۺòС
ǳﱸһεĺʮʱˡ
͢ŲĬĬ׼ŶԸ߾սʱ򣬵ǶǬһôĲˮܹս͹һǬ˵Ӻܺʹ볯͢ƹ㡣
Ǭ̸ǵе
һЩǲģҹսʱսʱ߿ʧȥˣʱԭˡ
ԣԹһˮʹá
ϷǬģԼ뵽ģȴǬͷˡ⹦ҲǬİ
ƨ
ǬҲûͱǣȻϻǬ˵Ǿ˶ȥоˡΪԸ߾սԴɽսȥģˮҲرҪ
ҪȡúЧôˮսҲԵظ
ܿ죬ͬ͢ˣȻǬǬٵĿտ
ɶпտ͸ǮͶԺٷҲû취飬ڳ͢ҪǮõȥ
ʮһ£¤Ǳջһ޻Ȼ󹤲Ĺʼ
Ĺǰһε޻飬Ѿγ޻̣һ޻ϾͶ˸ЧƷˡ



941 º͡

ũҵѧԺһȽº͵ѧԺ
˵º͵ģΪĹںܳġ
Ҫʵ飬Ҫ°꣬һ֪꣬ĲĽǲǶԵġǻҩ֣˵ӶҩжٱըЧϼϻҩͿԳ
ԣҲѧԺһֱܰ
ӶǬʱΣʱѧԺͲǬˡ
죬ȴѧԺЩ𼱡
һҪļǸɣͻȻ겡ˡ
ҪͨĲûʲô˭ܵ˲
ǣĪǸɣȴʵׯڶܵģ
ºǬüˣȥǸĪһ١
ѧԺ˵ǸɲҪģһűŵĲˣֵһᣬȻΪһŲ˶ˣв뵱꣬и׳ںΪ˶һðȥˣһ˺һûˡ
׳Уڰ׳ҲУ
֮󣬻ý̫ҽ
ðһ󳡣һºźùѾ붬ˡ
˵ȵǿòˣˡ
˵ӣҪǸɵˡ
˶죬Ǭеó棬ɶ¶ûУǹ׳һЩ޻ϵ顣
Ǭ֪޻Ҫս֮һսܻѡڴ󣬺ʱ򶫱ůʺϹӵܱ϶ս죬ǹ¸߾ûᣬһ죬Ҫһս֣ǲ̫ܵġ⻹Ҫ˸߾Ȩԣ͢׼ôĶģҪõºˡ
ǰԭӹ߾ܴΪһԭܲ˺䣬ͳˣͱ߾׷ɱʧȥ˵Ҳʧء
޻ͿڱůϸʿǶһ㱣ˡ
صڶϣǹصģ޻йһʵˣǻǴڲٲĵطһЩؼļϣҪǬҴС
Ǭû׼Ľ취ṩУȴܸԼȥҳ취
СѩǬ֣ƤףŶ׽ӦòȡҪȥׯӵĹ
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һЦȻҡͷ˵²ǼǺ߲üؼСӡ
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嵲˵Ǭʱ·Ҳˣ͹ȥׯǱˡ
ү£˶ƣץظȣỬ
˹ׯһŻƤϣǬؿǬһۣûͱ۾ˡ
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˸ӣƨɱ򣬸ͲһӦ˵Ūԣöأ߶߲ˣŶ׳ˣû𣿡
Ǭ˿Ľţ̾һ¯ߣֿ˿ȻĦ
ӣĽкǬҡҡͷЦȻ
к˵Լ֮ǰ˶ˡֻǹɳԼ˵ѡ
ǬİĦù¶ܰı顣
һͱһǬ֣ʵʣǲǹһҪˣ
ţô˵Ǭһĳţͱˣڶʵˣʮǲ˵ġڻûһﵽʮģҲǴãʮꡣ
ʮǹʮˣˡΪǵĵ˵ͷС¹ߵʱ˵˵дϲģ
ϲؼҵСˣС귢úڶǬߴˡǸ׳СӡǬҪлĻҲˡ
ôûѵǻʹ˸öĻ£
ţҪȥúʣôίˡ
ǬһӣŶˣæӣȻ߹һЩˣһŻȥˡ
˳ǣ˵ţүӽȥһʵˡ
ɣô죬׵ˡ
صܽԷȻþ
üǬߵؽһ
硣



942 塿

洫׵飬˹ȴ
һĨߵı飬Ǭƺµʲô
ãôЩˣǬѴѩ⴩Դʵ
æҡͷ˵һֱòãҶǺܺߵģֻǶԴһֱû䣬Ǵ磬£
ս˵˰㻹Сɲͬ⡣ҵһͽȥЩ׵ˣˣǬ֣˵۴õ£ҪɴԼ˵㣬ɱ⡣
ϲһ˵粻֪˭׵𣿡
Ǭҡͷʵѵ֪
һ죬ߵصͷ
㶼֪ҽȥǬһϥǣվ
æס˵磬ǻүү׵ġ
ŶԭؼСӡͬˣת˵㻹Сδʮߡ
Ǭ֪ﻵ£æڣ˵磬ͬģʮˣñˣȻʺĸ£
ŶǬϳζؿ
һ£Ȼ֪ǬЦߺǬҡҡŪǬǺǵЦ˿
ʹǱ߲ûϴӦǾ˼죬ʹܿʹ˴𸴣ͬ˴ü޸ػ
ɰѴø˻ˡ
ڶ¿ʱ
ˣھҪʼ׼ˡ
ǬС£ܽϣһǮױ
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ܿ쵽˹ˣҪȥ껹Ҫ֡
ܽԷҹط̻ʲôǷ˺üСʱܽԷ涼ѿˡһЩеˣĽһܽԷķ⡣
ܽԷﾭһķչѾ˳ﶥֳԼȫ磬ֻܽԷطˣûطˡ
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ҪˣǬһģ˵ĳطҪս𣬴սǱߵҪңô죬ץôˣץʲôȻΪǴƵūˡսԽãԽ˳ƵūԽ࣬ҵﻹû𣿡
˵úˣǿʢˣղҸЩҪҸҪֳ֧͢ʤսġҪʲôȱģǾһȺģʳó֧һӢµսʿӣҪʲôȱǮģóǮ͢ǰս˳˳ġףǮǻӰϵĲһɫûСҺץū͢ǵǵĺã͸ȥģǿǲﶼ
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ڽǮ񲿣ĴϲȴûǮǽʡ飬ʡʵȥ
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ҳǮȥ߾˸߾˶ǲǲùܣû£ץеȥ¤ȥŮҵ޻Ů¤ҵȥ߾Ů˾Ǵ򹤵ùͺūҸ˷ļ˵ˡ
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Ϊ̫ºˣ̫ʴˣ
һ֣ãǮҰȥ
ͳߺ͵󣬵ڶ죬񲿾Ϳʼմǵľˡ
һǵ͢ūĶ𣬵Ǵ䣬ͳ֧Ԯˣǲ̻һ㣬ʾ⡣



943 ϲš

Ϊʲôǻž
ΪǰΪѾʱ͢ЩȾˡ
Щˣλһ˲١
Ǯ˾ҪеλԣоĻᣬϳǰȥȻûξĿľʲôͶʲзյʱǮҪҪȻ
󣬲ɹ˵޵Ǯ
뷨Ǭһɲٰպ͵Ǯ뷨˵ʣһðͬУйеĹңӦðǾǰȫģǮʥַġһǿʢĹңǰոˣԵ˰չصؽ˰Ϊյ˰˶˽Ǯǿùһֱٸǿȥ
ò˵һƨɣ˳
ʹûǬҲͷˣûٵͷˡ
ԪǬڹׯûлˡ
ܿЩ졣
ӿƺǻҪĶࡣ
˵Ǭֻڹׯˡ
ׯĻ壬ڹߣһ
ʮ죬Ҫˡ
ǱԤҪˣǰ˵ĸŵˡ
󣬶Ӵ󣬳ԤڣһֱģʱȴҪһҪɵĶ࣬Сʱǰ࣬ˡ
һ󣬹ĶֻСһС룬ȥһ
һһŮ˫̥ˣ
¿ɰǬֵúϲ£ˡ
ǬֵһһŮ
嵵ͱźӹˣȻϴżʺʹ⣬ǣΪԼ˺Ӷˣʺ˹˲ٵĲƷ
Сºչյϣȡ
ãСϻˣͺһ˫̥˵СǬ
ⲻǹ𣬻˫̥ĺСһ㣬ӪȥˣͳҪгС
øˣû뵽ʺҲˣǬ̥൱ˡǰһֱҪһӣںˣӶˣǰ˻ˡ
һֱһӣ˵ؿ˸ȻӴ˽ͷͬӵݡ
ȥ˿
ڹʮ꣬ͻʺûСˣʺϱΡﲢûϱǵһӵĸŮѡԽ󣬲ûк˵һþԳ˵ĻһĿ˼䡣
⼸䣬ùܵ˻ʺͶˣм
ʺұʾӣ֮УڡǲҪѺӴӹߣùΪǬңڹׯ檣ôĶӣȻңĶˡ
ȻЩĴͳ˭̫Ӳңģֻϴͳңͷ
Ҳͬù˻ˡ
ŹӣǬŰصŻܽԷǱߡ
Ǳ߻ǾģǬġ
õĻҲ׼òˡ
ʮ꣬£ֹ顣
ػȥһ˼Σݺ͹ˣǣֳɹˡ
ϣǬֵǣ÷˲ٵľƣڶҹչ˺ôá
λúܴ󣬳ļ壬ٴ󽫶ˡ
ǰһεĻ統һʦˡΪԽû취õʦᣬô˳ϴԴȣȨʦˡǳϻͳԵף
ǬڵǮ࣬ԣˣҲԲǬ
죬δն󽫣ȥˡ
ʲôط
ެı߾ǳأȥҪȥެġ
ⲻҪ߾ôެȥأΪҪڴŸ߾ʱ򣬱ެܹռˡ
ԣˡ
ǰոͻʣ˭˭£ެȥſڣ𣿲ҾϸˣﻹҶ
նὫ죬Ҫͽˡ
ˣ²
˰£ϻҪˡ
꣬Ҫȥ塣ǬҪȥͳϻȥׯ϶־һ𣬿ӵŸȥˡ
ǱҪެ߾ǱҪսŸʲôģæսʿ
˶־ȥТҲæ߲սеģʱ򲢲һݣ鱨Ա
ֻڸ߾ϣǬ̳ļˡ
ЩڳļһǬȥͳϻϻо󣬾ƽسˡ
ȥ󣬾ȥ



944 ս

죬ξϺڣλ󽫣Ҳݶȥˡ
һһÿһȥĴ󽫣Ƕһžĺ伶Ͼ񣬶ԳϻΪͷξϺڣĳϣνţ˼Ĳˣ
ƵھǿĶ̬ŵðˣ
Ҫ˰
ϻõǵһǵ˵ѵǰĶǼٵĲɣ
ŪȫĬ졣
ȶֵģåֳϻΪǵľ
ǽެ·Ҳ̵ܾٹ·ˣյ죬һƵˣһެԴһ֣Ҫŷẉ̂Ҫþôˣû취Ʒެ˸ˡ
һ˵һҪץ֡ɳȥץСһެˣҪôץҪôˡĳɹ󣬷ûץǸʹѪӵެСǼ׷һެС϶С棬ӲҪǽ
ެҲӲͱһʦıһҮΧˣȻ󳭼ңҺеެ˶ˣȻɴˡ
ެĴǵıȻˣɱҲ˭ٹ
ެĸ߲Ҳ֪Ǵڰھӣ˭֪Ҫ򶫱߻Ҫߣ»ñ߾˶ҪҶȱ侲
û죬óڣ伸ڣެ˸ɵˡ
ˣ»æ˶߶Ⱦҿʼر߾
»޲뵽Ҫެǲǣ
ǣߵһӽʼ

ߣһ̶ڸ߾ı߾ʧˡ
ϻŭʿѲ飬ɽ˸߾ĳڣҪ󿪳ż顣˭õйʿԼĳǣǸ߾ı߽ɱѴƵʮʿˡ
Ƶʿʧٵ̶ӱɵˡ
ϻŭɳξϺڵĻھӣȥǸ߾ǣ˼
ɲҰڣֱӷ˳ϵģһӰѸ߾ĳǸһˡ
ȻƾǣڳйȻҵ̶ӣѾɱһ룬Ҳֻʣ°ˡ˵˸߾ʿǣǵĻɱǵ
ô˶ߵ飬ϻŸؿ죬͵˳
󣬾ŭһش
Ȼкܶ󳼷ԣȴѹһҪѸ߾˲ɡ
ڽӵ鱨ֻ죬ͳˣȥ˸߾ı߾ָս
̫Ӽ˸̫ڲŲܼ꣬𣿲ܣʵϣ÷ЩĹҵ̫̫Сɼ໤һЩҪľǬңˣǾ䵽˻ʺͷϡɻʺܣĹµĻ
Ǭ̲ס룬ʺ᲻Ҳǰ죿ҡҡͷˣ
ȥ߱߾·ϵʱ䣬ϻѾʼ˹ˣˮ½뷢һ··ߣԸ߾ȫĹ
ެһԭǴԼǴ߾Ǻ¡
»ͻȻһԼڱ߾ϰôҪŪҪ»ʱҲֻǷǶѣûҪ˼ڲǵæԼҵıˡ
ݱ߾ı۵˲٣ñ߷ˣʾһá
ڵãһûڵĸ߾ʿͻȻͬһͱˣֻܡ
ϻʼʱһЩǣͲôǾԼѳǸ׳ˡ
ڶõȻʵƻˡ
дڣʲôĳǽǱ
ϵˮҲͬ˻ڣɱԶԶһڹȥͰѶԷĴŪˣһھǵһ˸ˣɱø߾ˮһӾͷˣˣҲ֯ԴƵķˡ
ǰߵʱѾǱϻ˸߾֮һĵˡ
ʱ߾ŵҪȡ
ټѾɱ˸߾ͬƾӣҲˮҪѴˮĺ·ȻлˮߵͻƺЩھǱߣҪͻʸҶڵΣͻʿЩԥûйˡ
һǣΧеĹҡ
ǶˣҲȫ



945 ߾

˭
ȫİ
Ե˸߾ļҪ߾ˣֺܲôҲҪ
ǣϻǵĽˡ
һʱ䣬ذѸ߾Ǵÿ̱ˡ
߾Ϊ͵˴ƵĻҩԺܿǵĻҩƷ
ǵĻҩƷȴƲһʱȲƵĻڡ
߾лҩĵط࣬һ֣ϳ˴صĿ꣬شһըǸûмˡҲΪ˳ĵˣŻҩ˵˴ƾӡ
лҩĵгǣǳ״ûҩĵгǣᵱ²ץø߾ĺܶǳأûҩ
Ǵսʱ򣬺˶ץū
֮Уһ˾רŰѷ²Ѻͻġ
Ŵսһ£з²͹ˣϸ˵ذūǸˣȻ͵¤ȥ
֮ôūΪϻξϺЩå¤ҲвٵȦأȻ֪ūĽȱˣ͹ȽԼˣҲв͵ϡ
ǰˣȻð¡
ĵյū󣬱ʾ⣬ǰĳϻʾãָʾҪץūЩץЩ˳ϻĶϱ᳹ȥˡ
ǣⳡսǽرˬ졣
ƾͰѸ߾ȫץˣɱʲôҪţöˡ
Ȼ֪Щ顣
Ȳ˵ڿսǰյ˵ǵĶ𣬾㲻Щķϣץ˵ҲҪȥ
߾ǿຮ֮أǰ߾֮ʧܣǶˣˡ
Ƕ죬ܸıġһˡ߾ˡҪǰѸ߾˸ץˣǵȵˣƵľߣû׷ɱˣͲʱˡ
ԣ֧ץ˵ġ
Ϊ˲˵ңˣսߣʹץ
һ͢ңͲ˵ºˡǴƵĹ߾ˡ
ڸ߾˵˱ץˣԺҪջ˸أô˿ںҲղɶľͱ˵ָˡ
ͷչȥܸ߾Ҫˡ
ʱ߾Ҳ˻ڣиϣʷѾ֤߾ˡ˶ץÿˣ˸
ǣ߾һ֯׳һ߰˿ټá⻹ģ˵֮ǰˣϻµĴ󳼺佫ȥƿͷƻʵϢŭԺ߾ǴƵ
Ӧ
ӣҪӦˣ佫Ƥȴǵ˿ɲͬ⡣
òһץūĵطô͸Źأ
ǣظûУҵĹľģ
߾ǱˣУ߸߾ʵĸոմﵽʮһԼ˵Ĺòɣڴƻʵ۱ůǮҪӶٶ٣Ѿȥĵأ͸ƣһ鱨ƻʵۣ߾ĻҩԼ͵ġ
ðɣ߾͵ƵĻҩڳˣһ⳥ġһ͵ûгɹǱƵ֯ȥˣڸ߾Ļҩڶ孡Ƕ͵ɹˣ˸߾
߾Ϊõҩ߾Ļʺ󣬿ʮ˶ȥ˶孵Ĳͷˡ
һ鱨͵ϵʱһߵϣһݴˮƶ學߾ˮĽݱ
߾ѣΪѲ
ڸո¹ȥ߾ʱ򣬵ȻŹ߾
һݰѱڴϣҾҪһˣҪҪѶһ¡
⣬ټȫ֧Ÿ߾ĹȣҲǲܷŹ
СܻǲģڴƷʱҲˣˮ½һɧŸ߾ټãҡ
ʵϾԺܿƾˡ
ڵõƵָʾ԰ԱɧŵطںС
·ݣˮ˸߾ˮʦˮʼ½Ӹ߾˴ˮ֧֣Ҳƨɺˡ
£ƾӹƽǣƣ߾ʵ۱ץסȪȴˡ
߾ʵȨﻹȪģͷϣץסʵ۸һЩݳץס˸߾Ļʵۣջ񣬿ϱӡ
ʮ£߾Ҫʼˡ
ԣץ߾Ļʵۺ󣬻س
صľһһˡϻ˧Ҫڸ߾ս
صرķ⣬ץŸ߾ĻʵۣԨǰˡ



946 ҫ

ϵұгϢλʱ߾һ¶ңڶҲѸ߾Ļʵ۸ץˣ߾ҲһˣƽҲҹˣǲرؽ
ҫ
ɱ˸磬˸׵λӣرҪñκ˺ãҪϵ˶֮ǰĳ嶯飬ǶԵġҪûôҲĹ
ɾˣȻҪҫˡ
̬ı֣ǬͻʺĸӣȥǶڹһǮһ߼µĺģʽ
ڶĺˣһεջ񣬱ڶλҪࡣ
һεǧ⣬óļǶۺ쵽˼ˡԽԽҪӽ
ΪɶĻʺǬеѹ
ƵҪȥ׬˵ǮûŰǻʺҴҲôĹɶǬ촬һ׬Ǯ
ǻʺһܾ⣬ʺҪ˸ץϣǸˡ
ǣ˽⣬һһΣһΪΣõȻٳˣǱô˾ͷ
ҽһ̻ᣬ˭Ǯ٣ռɷݶ٣׬٣ͷֺ١
һеڻˡ
Ǭû˵ȻʺҪǾɡ
Ǳġ
Żʺ̶ֻһߣϻкܶĵطŴȥͶأǻʺĺγɹģ󣬿Ҳطһ̻ܳ
ʺͬǬĻʼȥϣҲǹǵطһͷԺǱߡǱҲ𴬳Ĵøá
⣬һѧԺˮǻ󣬰Ѿ鴫ѧԺ̻ˮ֣Ա׳󺽺ҵ
ùڼʱΪһԵͷصĴͣʺµĺ߳ĺߣ򱻳Ϊʺ󺣺ߡ
˺ǬҪ뿪ˣʺֽס˵ǳѾͷҪǻ㣬ɱӦ˾ϸ첲ˣҪżҰϴϴĺôԽԽ̰Ĳˣ
Ǭ죬ЦЦʾ֪ˣȻ뿪
⻹ûʺںżһ꣬ؼҸι˼Ȧˣһ㣬Ůð
ܽԷѾΪ˼һˣǬ߽ܽԷ·Ǵһ·ȥģܴӴŽȥǱֳ
˾סǬͿ˴ͦŸӣͤС䣬С㣬ڲݵһһ߲嵺͹ڴõߣƺ˵ŻеˣǴõ˼Բ
ǬһܹˣȻ˵ҳĻҡǬ˵ҪСҺ٣ҪǬһ
ãҪһ̵Ĺɷݡ
ǲĸԸ粻ҪӦãȴӦңĸǱȥ˵ͺˣüᶨ˵
ǬЦһ£ıһ£˵ҾͲµ˼ʲô
һԼݵϡһǺ̵İٷ֮һĹɷݣ͸˴áһ˵ؽǬԱСĵ㣬Ҷ
Сϻ˽˵㣬Ҳ̫Ǹ˰ɣ⻹ųһأһǰɲһߺߣòǵˣǰѩǮ˲ˣ
һЦ˵ǿҶͶãɲ˵ġҪŹ𣿺ߺߣǼʣ
Сϻһ١
ҪǼ˺ֻ±һأЦ
뵽ŰҲôУСϻϲһ졣
ãϣǬԷӣһ֡
ԷʱǬһϤ֮ײˣȻаײˡ
ʦһ֮£ũҵѧԺǱ͹ʲˡ
֮󣬲֪ũҵѧԺѾѰײ˸ֳˡһ˾ϲ顣
źϤİײˣһ߳ԣһ˵ⶼЩûعׯˡ
ȥʲôи飬ˡǬι˵ˣ˵
ˣ˵ͷǿ˵Ҵ˯
ƺ󾯸ĳˡǬ⻰ڶ˯ͺ˯£ֲŵʲô
ײڴƣ˶Ǭǳ԰ײˣǰĶûйġ
ǰĶĲˣǴ󲿷ƵģڳԵĿʵģǹܽԷҸģ



947 췴

˶죬߾սҲƽˡ
ӵܱʺںĶսȻǵطͺ춳صģ߾ҲôǿģҲˡ
ڴƾӶǹĳع˶ȥʣء
ץķ²Ѿ㹻¤Ǳߵˡ
ڹȥһʱ¤ҵصҲѾֳˣǳḻôҶͶ¤Ƿǳмֵġ
¤޻ɸ߾ץŮū޴£ףȥפڸ߾Ĵʿ
Ʒ󣬸޻ƳճƷ죬󲿷ܸޱˡ
ޱף޴£úȥ˸߾͢عȥֻҪعȥˣͿ꣬߾ˡ
ϻڸ߾ļ˶ڳ
ͳĸѾɽˡ
ڻ󣬿ǬȢСģŪһϵģܳԴףǺǬì
ڶûˡ
Ǭæ˺ʱˡ
򵥵İ취Ȼүˡ
үĸǣСҲǸĶӣܲܲһڼɡ
ȻСһһͰѳˡ
Ȼ˴ȥˡ
˱⣬Ǭ£ܿóڻ
˺һ󣬾ں̲ϣźˮ
֨֨ҵ˰죬¶ˣ·ݣȢš
ö˳㣬ǬȻǸˡ
ۿŴڿҪˣȴǬнȥ˵һ顣
췴
̶ݵĶЩԺǱѾһЩҪ췴ļ
żԺģΪ
һֱ谮ӵģ̫Լˡ
ﲻò˵һһΰŮˣĵһλʷĻʵۣڶӣǰ㡣
췴ȻǲԸˡС̫ӣȶˣ˭ҲܴƣǬȥ㡵顣
ʱƵİȫϾġڴսھ衣𿴶ú˳ΪһȵĴ֧ţǰߵսʿǿ԰ĵشսʱڳ췴ôпܻӰ쵽Զս֧֣һͲȥôǰ߾ûô˳սˡҲӰ쵽ġߵެ˴ƹˣôǻ᲻ᶯ˼ƣⶼ˵ˡ
ԣڶսУҪһȵĻ
㡴ʱ˼ǼӦá
飬˶⣬Ƿŭ԰㡸ĵط
Ǭȥ̶ݣ㡵飬ǰǬȨջȥһָ֣ˡ
УжеȨҲ̬ȣʾǬҪִԲǬȡ
յİʾǬоԼѹ
ųصĽŲܽԷ
쳣ܿ챻˷֣΢΢˵һС֣վϴסȻ˺ʮףҲ˿
ϳȥ˵£л˵
ţǬˣôӣ
̶֪Ǳһѣ˵йϵ˵
Ǭһͷ
һӺһУΧһˡ
һĸ̼Ӹ˲ţΪڲǬһˣǺ¡ѾǬһӣˡǾμΪǬΪŶķġ
㡵ΪǬȥɣв顣
̶ǺĺϳɳǱߵĻӣʿڳ͢˵İ֮һǱߣγ˼֣ҪСĴǬһҪȥգһȥ
Ҳûʲôԥˡ
ڴǰ鶼˼Ů˻ܼңڳţû취ˣȻǬûڣܽԷ̻һǲ٣ҪôҿܽԷԽԽˣһҪòȥ
һ׼ϺǬͶˡ
Уڡ
ʮ̫װ
һӼһ龯Ȯ
Ѿ帮оѾȵ̶ݸȥˡ
º̶ݣµǬһӵߣֻһƣƱ
ƱѾ˾ƣȴ˸оֲ
㡴ʱ۾ҿһۡ
˳Ĭţû˵ҲûƱ֪˶ã˽ϴѪһͷ



948 Ⱦơ

ǲϸϵͷ
һߵѾˣһ߻źܳһβӺͼǡ˿һƽ˺ϵһ㡣
һͷǬǰһţһЦ
£ɱˣ
̶ݻõе󣬾һֱټҵˣһɱ
㡼ͷȻͷѾˣȴϳദõ
𾪣ľ
Ƿϵϣʲôͷûˡ
û뵽׼ôȫйϵˣȨıҲصҲɱˡڲ֪ҺʹĲһǰ㡣Ȼ֪Ҳ㣬֪ˣҲġ˵
漴뵽ĲģΪ̫ܵӣΪĲܣ˵һǸ̫ӵϣֻǿڳ˶طһͻȻ뵽Ǭûе̫ӡ
̫ӣôԼ𣬾ƽˡ
ûУڲ̫ӣǶ̫ӶǵˣҪƽ̫Ӳˡ
Ǭʱſ˵˰ɣ
Ҫʲôǿ׷̫֮λǬҪģ˵Ĳƽʵǵ̰ṵ̂ôǻ³
̬Ǭǡ
㡶ؿǬΣŵͷܶ飬ֻеʱ򣬲ףˡ
Ǭָһ¾Ʊ˵ɣһ·ߺá
Ƥһ£ĲʣǬԱվǸͷУɱˣ书ߣ֪ɼͷежߣҴͷеֶκײС㡷뷨ӲƱ͵غȥ
󣬰ѾƱһңȻЦ
ЦǳѣһӸ˿Ƴĸо
ЦУǬΪȾƱһֹ
ЦȻֹ
㡴ؿǬҲסˡ
Ƕƣȸ
ǬֵĿе˵Ǻþƣʲôһؾɡ
˵վȻȥ
㡴˴ٿϵľƣȷʵͬһȻǶƣû뵽ˣˡ
ںĶ£Ǭ㡲Żص˳
Ǭȥ濴űӳһ㡣ޱ޼Ѫ
۰Ķӣȴû뵽ӱ˵ĻԼһǰֶӵĻ
˺㡱Ϊ񣬽Ǭܡ
˼ǣסܽԷܽԷҪǳʲô飬Ǭȫ
Ǭˣĵ
ǣ㲻ɱģڴ˳˭Ҳ֣Լȥ
ãû취
֪İڻջв췴Ժ󻹲֪жүջ췴ˡԣǬԺȫȨȥ飬ץס˾ɱһ
ǬεӦ
ΪҪ£ҪõоӵǬһְڼҲһְ
Ǭ˵ҪץסЩǺ׵顣
ΪŰеɱֲá
ǸõͷܽԷžء
֪緽ʽӪʽѡ
ǬȴһӾͰǸҳ
Ҫúõļƻһ
ʣµĸãֳץʱʱץһͺˡ
ǣǬּ˶ְλˡӻÿֻũҵѧԺȥͼ
Ǭߵɵʱ򣬶Ǳůˣսֿʼˡ
ʱ򣬳͢Ǳˡ
ΪҩǱ͵ȥˣҪ㵽ͷϡ߾ҲΪ˻ҩͱⶫ孻ܵˡ
ò˵Ƶǻʶرǿģһ͵˻ҩĶһˣԺԼҪùˡ
Ϊڸ߾β˳ŴȥټúͶǱߡ
ձõˮ
ǸǱߵˮ٣ȫǸطȥˡ
һȶĴ󷽣ǰߵʶûнŹϹڸִ󿪷¤ҵĿҪˣȫضˮ·սץķ²ȥҪĵطӦԣǰߴսǴرˬ졣
ǵȻҪˡ
˰·ݣ߾ȫ͸ˣһַ²ڸ߾ˮ·ɨսĸ߾˶ץ˴ˡ



949 ս

ʷϣ߾Ƹġ
ǰһֱ˸߾Ϊ߾ռ˵ڸ߾Ȫ˺ȨûȨ˻ᣬȨǾ˸߾ĻңŸλᣬɳѦʹ󣬰Ѹ߾
ðɣ˵һѦʹΪǬǰγˣţǵǬıڶӳǬ̫ӣҲ͸ǬһĻˡڴ߾ҲûϳܽԷĲƳԽԽҪ˿ӡðɣ˵ô࣬Ҿ˵һѦʹ˶ĳıͷˡš
˵⣬ʷϣԸ߾İ취ҲͬģѸ߾ˣƵ˴ˣݺϣʹø߾йһ֡
޳ܵ˵һ䣬߾йģҪϸ߾棬һȥ
ʷϵڵм֮ĿĲͬǽһ
ǬΪū󣬶Ҫץ߾˿ڣ԰Ѹ߾˿ڸˡͬǰѸ߾˿ڰᵽйȴмʱԡ
ҴҲ֧֣Դϲ
սһ֡
ʱǰߵĳϻȴЩ⡣
ΪȪľȻܽ˰ټˣóϻһȭͷȥȻ޻β
ڽӵ͢԰ټöɶˣټó߾ƣֱӿˡ
µսֿʼˡ
ټü˴ֻһǿĸ߾ʤ˳Ҫɱǣвµġ
ȥHͶ季˵һҪҺȲ͹˳Ҵսæġ
ȪĶȥˣ
Ҷ֪ûãǰټ˴ɱȪģȻͷˡ
Ȫһۣȴû뵽Ѹˣȫʬ
ϻҪȪǿ˱һ˭ټһͷûˣȭͷһδȭͷϣֱﾢ͸һжܾжܡ
Գϻŭˡ
һٶ޻޻ôô򰡡
ǣ˶԰ټõȫ
ڹ߾ʱһֱҪˣȻĵǡ
ûϻһߴսһץķ²ˣȻûö߼ۣҲмۡ
һӳѹͨǵĹˡ
Ҳˣݺݵ׬һʡ
ԣڴ߾ʱΪԼڵʱ򣬶ڣ
ڣڵūѾԵò౥ˣūļǮҲˣټϳϻŭˣڰټõˣͲˡ˵ĳ̶ȣǸ߾ˡ
߾˿ǰټõıȴɼ˶ˡ
ټô˸кսģͷŵ˺ˡ
ˮȫȥ
ʱձһĹңǷֳ˺ܶĲġ͵ƻҩֻһ塣ǴˮֻΪ˴һ۵Ĳ塣
ûձôһĵطֳܷϰٸСңĹңڴľްͲˡ
Ϊ˴һСĲ䣬ƾҪɹȥǲǷ𣬼ȻˣͰձ˰ɣ˵ձŮˣױǺġ
ձŮ˻ױǰ׵ģϵĹһģǵԸȴرĺãҪʲôǶԸ⡣ʶڴƵ˵ӡױܽͽ͡
½季ʮ£Ѿڶ孵ĵϵһǣռһݵأۿžҪˣ˹ȥｨһӲأرš
ʮһ£孵ϴȻ˹û뵽ƵЧôߣѾѳǳظӹ̵µĵزҳϻ˴ڣϴû嵽£ͱըˣͶҡ˴ƾӵء
ڽþ˸ֹƣҪմƾӳǳ͢Ϳǵһɵģ̩ɽҼϴߵǶһ磬ףĵطùǵĹƶûãֻҪȹ죬Ϳձˡ
ڶսһƬ˳ʱǬǱڡòסҵһÿڣ˺Ҳ鷳ˡ
ʺϵĴ󴬣˷ˣһĴһֻˡ˺ѧԺо󣬷Ǵ󴬱˰Ѻˮ˴󣬲ܼʱذѺˮŪȥΪˮ̫࣬ѴŪˡ
Ǭˮˮװ˴ϣʼʹ
ûãֻˡ
飬ԺҪоʹӰȫ
ǳһңһ˻Ҳͬ׬˲١



950 һʮ᡿

һĻһҴĴۣˮֵ⳥ѡ
һ׬
ô⺣̵жߣһۺˡ
ôεĺѾкܶСеȼ壬Ҫһܴˡ
ǻʺ󺽺̻ĽҪܸߣܶС嶼ûôǾԼܴ
ʱǲ֪͢Ѿ˷ҪþǱߵĺѧԺ׼ͬ⣬ܳ
ѧԺһѧԺǴĻԵġ
ǴҶæܹȥˣʸ֤
ϸʸ֤мõʸ֤Ȼ֯װˡ
ûʱˮ֣Ҫʿ˭֪ûкһطûʳ塣
˵һҳĴˡ
һʱ䣬Ƶȫȥ
ܽԷңǳһݼ򵥵ĵͼһȫͼʲôޣŷޣޣаĴǣȫ棬ǵ˺Ϻ󣬲ûзûãĸطߣһֱߣͻ½һط
ȻңҲһЩϵĳʶûз̣ϵıǣͿҵˡˣͻûѪûϵǵôʣ߲ҲλѪ
˵ĶѾ˵ˣǬܰҲܰﵽһˣ飬ֻܿԼˡ
ƽ˴󺽺ʱˡ
󺽺ʱı仯ʱԣΪвװҪͨ޵ķҪձĺ
ǹʱ򣬸ղձҵʱ򣬲ٶˮɢ󣬳˺
̴ȻˣǴƵľǣƵװ̴ҲͬǣǶ孺ܿ챻·װ̴˼
̴ߵսԼȲҪ߼ˣٳҲ١
ǲװӽ˰ΧձӪС
ˮƣװ̴ʹγɸǿս
Ҳӿ˶孵
ƣټúͶ孵Ľ֣Ѿʱˡ
ʮ£ټúͶ孵Ѿˣ˿ڱƵ˴ƾڣūˣΪƵķԼһ
ѾҪٴģսˣɧһǴڣҪפռĵҸȼˡ
ڣǴɨһƬսʱ䡣
ƬֱɶͶ孶ɶ߾ͰټһƬ孶ձΧС
һΰսйȿػ˲ٵĳǳظޡ
޵ŮǳмźҪ
лʽ̫ˣ˻ʺĳԴס
֨ǲΪ޵Ůϡأ
Ǳ⣬ȴǸ޹ϣ˯Ҫʺɫˡ
ʺһһֱĳ谮һҪģץס˴Ƶľ˵Զˣ˵ģڻʼҵǮǮʺץš߸һ򵥵˵ʺ׬Ǯˣ׬Ǯʺһ˰ջҪࡣķһ˭׬Ǯ࣬˭ڼолȨⲻ޹ϵĲԽԽˡ
ûˣǬʱ򣬲ҡҡͷ
˵Ǭڿúܡ
ʮ꣬ʽȢ˳ˡΪңƽޣźϸоСºСв
˵ֻСΪĴףż
һϣʮʯһһǾһʮ˶ȴԣСºСɵˡ
һһʮʯһõ㾹Ȼţ
Ҳһ̣ȴֱӺԵıǽ͵ϡ
һʮᣬ˫ĸͲͬһϷ⻹е
ֻ÷ˣû취ˡ
˵ǲ
ǣǬĺƽˡ
嵲״㲻ȥ嵣мڹСºҪ裬ڳѹ£Ƕʵˡ
˵ֱѹŵ治ܣŲˡǶǬ˵ȴõģ
ڣֻһ̥ĺѾˣҲ˺󣬶ҲٴڴϹʱŷֶƺЩҺһ֪ˣһǺ嵵Ĳʱ䡣
˴һоôôɡ
ǰ֪ĹһŴ顣
һ˫˶Ժ飬ǬΪ·Ǹ˺ü죡



951 

Żˣȵˡ
ڴĺӣĺӶǰ붮µƨǬҪȣˡ
ǾʣֻСˡ
ǰֻС˵ġ
ҲʮˣǬԲСĳƷˡ
뵽ҪҲбˣԼҸ
û취Сﳦӡ
ǶֻС˵Ҹһ£ҪĻǺӣǰû취Уˣвеġ
ĸƾӹֻҪ˺ӣǵĵλȶ
ǾʹǬס
ԴˣǬֻˬʹš
СϻҲѾʮˣѾڰǰȽȥˡ
ǹ֮һڻûй£Ӧǳ죬СϻΪͻ˷ҶӷŰ
ʷƻһµͺ¿ͬѧѾǬİСӳˣԺݺˡ
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ڱѾǬĿ£ٳСϻԿСϻ̵ĹڷŰЩһļжӣĽ˵ĸǷǳˡ
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ҵ˰Ƕøˣյ˰ˡ
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ɰСϻˡһλ񣬲ͻǶǶԲԼˡ
Ǭݻذ죬ǾͰдһЩ
ǾͰѻ˱ȴõĻС뵵ĵϡ£˼˸ָĴֱСϻ⡣
Сϻ̸ۼ޵ʱˣСϻҪĺ㣬ΪҲӦõ˻޵ʱˡ
Ǿǰε飬Ҷںⷽ棬ЩС
мҪͻʼϹϵⲻǷϻʼڰס˾ͣȢ˹Ǿ͵ٷܶˡȴǺСĵף˵̫ԣֻȥһʻʺ˼
ʺҲѰ찡ǰܺˣڲÿڰ
ںʺ۰ģΪĻżģȻʵ飬ǴҵĴͳǺǿģʮҪ޳ȥϹʮ꣬ǿɾϹˣϹ
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ʺܾЩ׵ļʹ󳼡Ҳ˶óһ˵湫Ϲ˶Ҫˡ
Ŀ⣬úഺ֢
ΪˣǬòСϻĻǰźȥһΡ
ΣȻЩˡ
;УضǬ˵磬Ժÿ궼ҳһΣһߺòã



952 Ůɡ

Ϊ˸ڽʮ»μСϻĻǬһβûܵöԶǰֻһµʱ䣬ͻˡ
·ϣͬеӵܵκȻһسˡ
Ϊǰ㡱ջ췴飬ǬΧĻصעˣҵɵ˳ҵ˰֮һ˳ذεˣǻúң
ҪûǬᶨļһֻͱ˸˵ˡ
س·ϣ˺üΣ̲סˣǬһ飬ǰ޼˵Ҫκ
κ̫ɵˣҲ˳ɡӵ֣Ϊֳɡԣӵλ˳شɺˡʱһ룬ͬ˳޼ɵ˵ͻˡȻڡκ˻ġҪ˵һλ
ԴˣǬûоȣǣ޼֪κݣ
飬ѹǽ˳󣬲μСϻĻ
Ȼͻʺѹƺ󣬱Ļñѹ֮һǻǿԳƵͻġ͵ɣǻ㡣
ںҸˣҲͬν׵СΪ˸ĺӳ̷۷ѣСޣǬҪǬͷϵĹɷһǡ
Ϊ˶ǣǬǳܵطȥ˯һܽԷˡ
СϻڻʺҪ˺ôθڣͲˡ
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Ϊ̫ˣǬߣΪ鷳žƹǬһȡ
ѾǵߺȾˣǺȵԼͷΣһɣ˯ȥˣҲǬȾƺͷβΡ˱һǬܾȴûһ˰֣ϲȥˡŮˣԺô޵óȥ
һ̾һߺͶĺžƣƺԼݵҩƣɸģܺúȣˬˣһ徹ȻȵúܣͷҲЩˡ
Ҳǲˣ˵ЩͿˡ
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Сܲ˳Ǭͷ˵ÿ
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ӣڶ棬ֲ⼸Ե̫ˣһСǰΰܻõӣ˵ղŪˣҵȻҪһ
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㣬ң⡭ô£ǬŴͣ˼ǰͬ﷢һ顣
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ںӣҲͬİ취
뵽˷˹ϵǬ֣Ǹҽ֪ҩΪʲôҪ
áǬ
ٺһЦֲһҮġϵŮ
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Ҳ޸ˣ˵һ㡣
ǬˣҲñź°˻ܼ𣿡
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ǬָԼıӣңǲ۾Ϲˣʲôã
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953 ʳӡ

ԭԼƽʱ̫ˣú㶼˿ˡ
İ취Ǭǿռˡ
һǲܼ޸ˣǸǬһˡ
һʱ䣬Ǭղ
ͱһֱϸϸ˵Ż
ûҲ˵ʱҲûз֣㾭˼ɱ䣬ѾԽԽοˡ
ʱŸ֨һˣһӰ˽һ˽£˵óԡԡ
סˣŴϵǬͺ㡣
㿴嵣ŵðһæ
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ǬҲоΣ£ΪӦõǺ嵽
һͣ˵ĽǶ˵ģͬʵڽ˺û˵ȰԼ˵ˡ
˺Ӻ󣬱ǰҪȵĶ࣬ܿ飬ûǬЦЦ߹ıĺ㣬οˡĳʳǬȥˡ
ǬԶ˵ܿʹӹɩϵ˽ùϵǬûд·ֻԱĨˡ
嵺ܿ뿪Ǭͺҹ
ΪԼݵõϿɶˣȴһӰס̧ͷǬҪʲôҪۡ
죬ݵõ˻ʺͬ⣬ʽң֮һˡ
߾ǰߵĳϻڹǰˣһᾭӪĽȥǱߡ
Ҳ˵ĵط
ҪսȻǳˣܴõֵûС˺Ҫô־û취ˡҪһԵĽȥˡ
ϻȥ߾꣬սǱһ꣬꣬Żص˳
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һ꣬ͿԶެˡ
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ڹ̩񰲣ƵİյҸУԺУǷǳߵġ
ʱȴҪ췴ˡ
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ڸµǬɴˣ漴ŭˡ
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ˣɱ㡣ݣԺ˫֪ð֪Ķ˵ЩʵģߵùģᱻɱˣԺܵǼලģǬ˰֣˵
ˡû뵽κķץ˾Ȼɱģ
п
Ǭ˵ˡ
һ󣬾뿪ˣκ˰죬ûɱˡ
ЦˣƣԺӸˣ뿪
Ǭں֪ⲻǺþˮҪһ𣿡
ڶ죬κճȥϳˣƺûзһ㡣
׳գ˷󣬾Ȼ֪ԼǱõģŸֲƽһ֮£ҩӡ



954 ֣

Ӵ˰ǬԴѹС˵
Ӵ˴漴ʵҲǺȶΪʲô
ǰҲΪˣ˯˰º󣬾ѹˡǲǺ˼پˣǬЦʵ
֣ʱ㻹˼Ц
ûѵҪ޲ɣǬһ´ȣ˵ӣ򲡲Σ԰£ʧ֢ԺסܽԷңܣܳȥǲַˣץɡ
ЩӴסˣûбǴңǱܽԷ飬ȴҪġ
ҲҪӽ
Ǭһƴȥֲ֪ߵغˣӦôѡ
˵һ֣ͱһΣѪ첻˵
ĶӷŵǬߣˡ
һ죬˧ǬӦ嵵ģ˵ɩȰһȰ磬ǰ¤Ǳߵˡ
ţô£嵺ͳоˣʵ
˧˵˳Ǭ⼸ڶĳ֪Ƿʲô裬Ȼ˲Ǯ¤Ǳߵ˳ȥˡ
¤ڵ׬Ǯĺܣ˿ˡ
Ҷ֪ǬǮһǮ£¤ҵ󣬻ūһˣ˭Ҫ˭Ǭǲӳˡ
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