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ߴԽĩȻǸ׸б㣬߸կ񣬵ʿ˿˿ֵˡ
۰£ıʷȴӡ̲Բӡ׸˵


1 ѪȾ³ֻΪյɰ


1 ϵ
ӣްɣ
һצ֦ϣһɫĲһòӢңˮ˫ץŲߣԴ˽ȥ
ҪϵĽడ
Ȼþȴ̲סǣ˲ҡҷ˻ƬҶ
ĳ־ͷʹѹж۾ʹرϣ˫Ŵӵŵʯͷϻ
ǿŵʯͷһϺۣΪϵƹˡʯͷڲĵطʱһ屻ֱصڿУûκνսĲʹɫϣֽűܵ趯ʱӺֽŴһ
ȵķ紵ķҷƺһ̣
˰죬ͻȻһ˻ϣϵһҶˣѾʬʬҲϵ
Ӳøһľͷһϵڵϣͷϳ۾Ϸ¶󲿷ֵİʣɷˣ
ǸϵĶͻȻƮһɫĹâʬ
һ۾ˣãĿΧĻǴдɽ֣ԶһߵɽӰӡ
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ôˣôܶղŲǱըѵԼը̱˲ɣԼղûڱըҲԶ˰ɣ
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ȻһͷսˣĵĿˮˣָֺҲԶˡ
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λˣӴȦҲͿˡصѩһ׮ȥѩƮɵĺУǽ׮Ȼֻʣ¹һƬҶһΧɢˣȷְͣûһΧһֲͨͷҶȴͷ̫˾ϲˣָܻһ
ҪǰȥҶʱһػߡһ򣬵óɢűϢɲôƵġ
ΪһˣƽĿ촽ϳŨŨĺӣ͵Ĵ򣬵ȻҪóس򣬾ˡǿϧǣûͬ˫ޣһâ
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Ψøɳһϣ񱻻ҵֿٵĨȥһ㡣ڱյһʱͻȻһɫĹâ壬һ̣ʹϵ塣
ԼԽˣǸֻǱըû˰ɣ
Ȼһ£Ȼǵˣ赲˴ϲһԼǰɢ۰
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һ⣬Ժûļ䡣ͨǿģҪõ䣬а취ġǰ˵ˣʱҪھھļ䣬ֻ»ֻܵһʱ䣬ָòھ
Ҳ˵û취ӦЩˡ
װʧһð취ȴзգҪ˰ʧ䵱аˣǿɾͻˡ
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æûвؽҶŽ˵ɽ
˴˳ǰһŷһĺӣһĵʱ۾ɷһĹâ˵ŹȻ



2 ɽ

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⵶ȱڵĵĿⲻ˵Ҫɰۣ˭˵ۺ͵һһԼѻ
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ӻӣǵһαƳʹýʬ߷


3 ѡ
̩ɽԹžһʥɽŴĻʵ۶ϲ̩ɽΪΪ̩ɽĵط죬ԵԼλͳ
ָ֮塣ʼͳһ̩ɽʱ̩ɽɽ̳죬̩ɽıɽɽĵءʱ꣬һ¶꣬ǿһĹ١۵̩ɽΪ˷㣬ɽһأء
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4 ˫졿

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ǸнҶȺõ۾Ҳɽȥɽȥ̫ԭ·ߡ
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ƤüëͻȻŤڿȴҧһƺòС
˫סӣ΢΢ȥ

һ죬æסƨɣٵתȥȥ
һѣӡ
ҩЧڷˣһ
ȴֻ֪ɫҪϡɫ˿Ӳϡɫӣʵ̫Цˣ
ǶǵϴƽʱʹǲЦ
ǰףСɽﲻסһ˼
ЦһԼĶҲؽŶȥһʯͷ棬ܿҲ˺ͶͬĻ
˫죬ܿһɶƮ˹
ҲòѱӸˣСɽȴһűһࡣ
ǶͶ̥˻һһСɽ
һ䣬ƤüëŤҲˣæһ߽һܣûһ˻
ʱ˻˿СС壬ӵҡҡͷͷסˣܻȥˡ
һһأһĴζӣѾ޻ˣǳһһ䶯һǿһǲò¿ȥþջŻˮ
ССڳһҲӽӴС
һĸ˶ˣûû£ⲻ֤౻ҩ
һ˿ΣյϢ



5 Ѩ֡

磬ҩæϵԶ
ѿӣ⻰ͭһ۾һһϵ⵶ָһһϮ²һ١ǹغʱɻˮ絽ϣŵ˻
Ĵӣ߰˳ɣʱ·ŶЩ˭µҩ
֪Сɽ󷹵ģСɽģԾֱתСɽȥߵ˵ԼİҰϣȻҪǣ
磬ǰǰǿģǿģæ˳
ʱĻɶȴضСɽĻ󣬲һʵ
ûУûУң֣԰Ͷ
ǱСɽڽǿ࣬ǻѾѻɵĶص˿ˡ
Żǿģôǰ濡װɵ㶵ı֣ŵĳǸҲ̫˰ɣȻԼصԼûз̲֡סоһµΣոС
˻˰ߣ۾ſţȵţҶ԰ҩ
ôԴҩأֻ·ϿһҩԸ峦ӣ˳ժˣ˭ССðȥģҩһЩ͸ȥһˡⲻղŴҲɣԵ㣬ˬ죬簳һƬͰվһ˵һߴ·ѷɵ
ӿʼ֪ǻỳɵԼͷϣ׼ڿǶýŷԼ淴ʱ
ںԼȴ˵ǶԼĹͣɰѶǿ
ɱ㣡𵶣ͣ
ΪطӿҲǲɺӵģֵܵġ
һЦһɽܣһЦ磬ôܶأ㲻ǰƨ𣬰ǰƨ۶ϴɾˬʱʺĵˣ
һ֦ϣ׷ŭƨ۲ϴкҩࣿ
һױ˴ˣûʶʱǵжԹϵΪá
ΪϴɾˣñҲһ尡һ߶㣬һ߶
ŭȥ
˵ţĵ͵ػӹȥֿϡ
أ鵶ʱ֧Ȼ¶ûг
ýƣʱҪʱ򣬻мģ׳˶˸ΪٺĵЩûèèϡ
ʱ;ƿݵʱҪľᣬѷɵͳȥ
̫û취ʹɵֻܰѷɵذˡʹ͵Ѩַ۽˶ǰ
ֻоǰһ͸оԼŵͻȻһۣòſ˵
һ̣оȫʮദط˽ȥʧȥ˶Ŀƣصȥ
ʱ䣬ϥǺѻнBһѪڣѪ
ٵش̫ˣŶ£ͿҪ֧ŲסˡɱȻãѾֽŸϵˣԼвˡ
ʱͻȻһæһ㣬һֻ˶ĺϣ˶
ѾڵҵĶıôһ£ɱһشһ漴˹ȥ
Ȼ͵ϮҲҪˣһû̼һĵǰɲǶϵҪǴᣬһһԸԼǾ͵ùˡңʱ˽лᣬҪ뿪˾ûˡ
ʯ䣬ö⣬һȥһ̽˰ѨУֹطڱǱ
һðоȫһ㣬
ֵ鵶ĻᶼûУһ˰һֻţ漴żסһֻţһšð˸ʺƣһſ˵ϡ
ٵֱذף̽˰ļʱһ£Ű˳䣬һһٶ׼ȷ֣䣬ţϥǺѣB׼ŰֽŸؽڶѪ֪Ѿʹʧȥս
ûзɣǱСɽвرûк
ȥʱմѪһһȥͬһħһ㡣
ղſԶͰѪֶΣʱɱ߹Щ£ųĵţҪɱҪɱ
Ѫ֣˵ǰ
ȻƽȴŲɷæӦúãȥ󡣡
æӣڰҰ̲СɽСɽѣȫûзرˡ˺æʾ
ָʣкҩ࣬˵ࡣ
ɫһףţǷкҶܺȣ˻ӶѪˣ
΢΢ؿһۣʵһʼ֪ǷкҶ
ͷϳɾʶĶҲࡣ
кҶһǿкҩóڳѪкҶڶ̶̵İСʱھýƣʶһСӽﵱҩ˴߻áɽڶʱѣʧȥóѡ
ȻʶкҶΪβ˵ʵ
۾Թޣ˵֪ҪͰ׺꣬Ͱ׺Ѱ˿ǣ
۾֪˵Ķġܵλ͵ˣ˺𡣲Ȼ㿴ˣˡ
Ȼðеͬ飬ࡣȻ˵
۾ֵ׹⣬һΪ˱סæ˵ããԣ
һѾڳԵڶˣĵ߻ضߡ
Ͱϵֽźͣǰʵ˭



6 Ѫ

˽ԼģĪڵˡ
ΪԼûеõļգû뵽ᱻ⼸ɽץ˹ˡ
ȻˣôʹЩɽڳԼҪϢ
˭ڶͰ˵ĶȴоôĹˡ
ɵ⣬ְ֪
Ϊǿɵˣڶġ
ƿǶ氡Լɶֶ֪
ĴѾһѪڣĵظһ¡˵ش󡣡
˻Ա߿İһΪش˾ͳһҲ̫ˣ
⻹˽⵽Ǹųһɱħͷòã
ֱ˲գۡȻԼҲһˣҲɱˣȴû취򶨣
۾ǲĿ⣬ڸ߰㲻شһľ㣡
ΪȥƤ֮࣬뱻ͱɡ
а䣬ұ󡣡æ˵
䡭Ĭһ飬ԺԼˡұ󣬱ұ߾䡣
лͳĻУǷֿģΪֱһ˵ΪȡֵĿΪ˳ƺһΪֻͬ𳤵֣
Ӷʮڶ֡ŮʮǶ֡Ů˳󣬶ȡ֡ȡֵķʽģֿͬ壩Ԫޣ䡰Ԫ޷壩٣룩
ұ־䣬롣ǸоЩԾﲻԾȴ벻
Ǽʵһ꣬һλʵλ
һɵ⣬Ƕˣɵ⣬Ƕˡ
Ѱǵ׳ա
û˵꣬Ͳҽ
ѵֱۼȺ˳һѪմΪĽ⣬κҺ壬ѪҲմϡΪְֳ̫̣׵ָȴȾѪ⸱˿ˣɸе䣡
ùĶҿ֮£ֱһˣԱߵİƤһæ
ҵ꣬λĻʵ㣡˵ʱĿһ˿⡣
㣬Ǿ쾵ۡû뵽Խĩˡ
ʮһͣһǧٶꡣڶʮһͱ׹ըǿʱӦûһСɣֻҪҵǿԼͿˣ
ͻȻϲ
ҴԽŴҹŴĿȫûȾȶʮһҪŨ򱶣ȫð仺
һ뵽·𿴵ػ۷壬صɽʦ龰
ƽһ飬԰ʵʲôط
۾һ˿Ȼ˶ߣǼǲˣ
ԭǼǲˣŻԴ䣬ѹǰţͻȻôɱ˲գ۵ħͷˡ
һһ˶ֱĲҽ漴ķû˵ʲô
ֶӣ֪Լûмʱشľ棬һæ˵³ɽ¾ء
𰸻ϸæָɽ˵ɽ̩ɽղŵɽɽ
ԭղŵɽɽ
䵱Ȼע⵽һ˿ȻĹâʱżɽ˵Ǵˣ֪ʲô˵ʲôʲôˣʲôˣӼҵ˵
ظɵУ֮Ա
ʹ˵Ƿ㣬һһʮذѰҪ֪Ķ˵˳Ҳǰ䲻԰ӣǶԶӵԭҪǺͶ˵һ
ĶˣСϻۣйĿ֮ţܵѧʦͣΪѧ곯͢Ҫٰƿ˶ῼУӴ˹ҫ棬ǰ;ԴҶţмνص˼
ɽͣһϸĸҽwͷwšӼҵ׸Ů
Ŵ׸һʵ顣Ů˼޸ˣ޵ĴϵϣŮ˴ɷ򣬶׸˴ӣҪڻգڣҪա
Ŵ׸УǶǵĶӲŻ׸׸Щˡ
Ϊǰƭһ˵һɣðŷˡ
ͺٳһ峯ҲҪϵwͷһֻͨũ񣬶ٴҲûκαȥ٣ȻѧʦΪʦʦҲֻʦԼûȥ
Ŵ֪ʶĻܵ¢ϵģݵ˲л飬Щ꣬ӽǵٵġļ壬ͽʿ塣ɽʿҳʺҲڵĻʺСrΪʷɣʡࡢְ֮ͬƽ£Ϊְ֮ΡҿνԺһʱ
ӼΪҽȢŮŮŮ缺ֻһŮ硣ӴԸԼҼҵŮ˺˱ҵļҵǾҪ׸俴ӼҵĹϵμӼҵ
ĵһˣҲһ쳣գԶ˶ΪšҪѡȻҪѡһԵԼģǾͰѰнȥ׸ˡ
Ҳ˵ǿһģ
ˣܵɽϵòָʾıӣ̫˵ˣ
ԼŪ󣬰һΰܵ飺ղҲѰܵԭ¶òˣڰ˵
Ŀ˸һ£ҧ԰˵ŴӦɱܸ㣡
ƺŰˣĬصͷ
һ¶һȻЦ⣬ͻȻڶĲӶһĨһѪȪ˰ҪסӣѾˣٲֻѪ䣬鴤ɫѸٱף͸ѪԽԽ٣Ҳʧȥ
һͷһѪɫͰףʱŵøףѪشϿֲص
㣬ɱ˶־ؿŰ䣬蹷ǳĶˣ㡭
ûиʸ㲻˵ֻ³ʲô蹷蹷ϰһɱһ䵽˰Ķͬħһ㡣
ѺܶǮصɽһطֻа֪Ǯ㣬㲻ҪɱñԼ
һ˿ϣֻ²˵԰۾һ̰Ŀ⣬ͷӦá
һһ˵ص̸ҹӸ˶Ǯ˵Žɽðɱ㡣
峯ʱϡȱƷ̱вƵġѹ̵Ķӻȡˡ֡ݵҪԼһ޴в
ΪʲôҪɱʵ
²ǰţӼӴϻ磬ò˫ԶĵһӣӼףӼҪ׸Ը⣬ӽģ̰ӵɫҪɱţԼӣռӣ
ԭǷɱ
˰ڰˣȻǲš
ĵҲĲһĨΪǶȺãѪȫԼؿϡ
ôҲû뵽Լ˵бأɱԼܵõأžȻɱԼɴ۾ӿѪȪһͣҲ֮ʧˡ
תͷȥȻˡ



7 粨

˾ȻˣҲûȥ׷ߵСĺСߣһһǵ
漴߽ɽԼĵɽ˳
ǱǽпţԼ֪峤ʲôء
Ѱ׵Ҷóϣóһӣѩ̵ӳһ
һԴ԰׵ļӢôӣʵĶˣǽƷ
ô˧ѹָղŶῴϡ˵Ȼһ㡱ģ
ԺԼͶôƷǲ̫ҡˣ
̲ס
漴һ룬˧ʿ㣬гڴవ˧ʲôã
֮ͨ󣬰ҲͲˣɽҪߡ
һ¡
ղŰͶɽǳ棬˺üζûд򿪣Ϊô򿪡ҪǴɽȥҪӼҵ𣿵ʱûˡ
ҧһŵɽߵɽ±ߣѰȥ
ȻɽĶǺãǽͲ˾ͲܴߣҪǴ鷳ͻˡ
ŪЩ󣬰ĸɽʬɲݶϣһѻˡ
ղɱʱȻѪϡѪŪ·ϡ·ŪǿȥˮϴϵѪɽȥ
ߵɽɽϣɽһӵɽǻкɽˣ˰ҹү
⻰Ӽҵӡ֡
Ӽҵ˲֮ǰǸ¿ܼңҪԼʡȻ֪ʮ൱ڶңҲСӼôóǰԼԼ˵ġ
Ӧˣ
ɽϵ˰ɽǹүˣ˵ػֺ
һ˻һɫĲ֡ȵȣǺǸղŵϵŶ𣬹֣
¿ܼҶԻϵĴһţƨһֻʮĽӡȥӭүûɽ
Ĵ󻢣ԲǲãƤͷ˺ߡ˵Ӧһ׳ɽ
԰ʮٶȣɽ¿ʦɹ󻢼һӰѹүΧһŭĿֳֳͷĿɨܵһһľһɳһʯũͣȴϸòľԱõǳͷȴ򲻵֮£Ȼɽú
ߣ󻢷ûɽһӣ˵
ȻôûɽڻùүȫǡǱŰɽȥ¿ܼһϡ
ܼң֪˵Ȼᱩ¶ԼֻɵЦԱԼϲãͽ֮Ͳ˵ˡ
ܼŰ֣۾һϸϸ˰ȫûɽȱ첲ˣȷֻ·˵㣬ڣŷϲʵѽү˾ͺãɵˡ˹үɽôˣ
̧ͷͶȥĿ⡣ͷԿ¿ܼҵͷòںںڵġ
Ҳ̧ͷͶĿ⣬ڹܼҺñⵣ̧һɫľӵˣҲľӷڵϣͬ۾ϵĿǸľֻʮ
վм䣬һʱĿĸо
ĸоʱŷ֣¿ܼҺʹЩ˶˰ͷĿȫһߣԼߺʹԽǰ࣬һװңҪԼ͵̧ͷղɽҲǵҪԼһͷݹŴձ鰫Сġ
ֺȺĸоôˬ
ԺҪԶֱĳݡĽĿˣ
ô¿ܼҵʣ׼¶ҵЦ⣬˵ɽץȥʱ˸ɲݶѣԼɽˣͳ˳ˣڲ֪ɽ׷ûУֻˣ
¿ܼһϻ̩ɽȥȻԶԶһƬŨ𣬹ܼҲ֪ʬĻ˰Ļ
еɽ˺ãҧгݵ
ͷͬĻ
󻢳ųͷһܼңڹүɽϣȥɽѣѺȥ٣
үѾƽˣȥܱ𣬵Ҫи⣬үֳˣɸ𣿡ܼʮĴѾڴ󻢵ƨһӡ嶯󻢶ͷƮ˺ߡ
ȥٱץǣ
ӱʮ겻Ĵָ
ܼתͷ䣬ĵ˵ү˾ͺãղŻؼҺ󣬸ӣС㣩˵ˣðʮǮүҪ٣˵үȫҪҪǮ͸ǮȫͺãĪҪ˹ٲŭˣ˺˹үʶûб١ڹүȻƽ£ǮҲøǿȥɣҪӵˣ
ͷ
ȥϱ١һֱɽ
ͷ
¿ܼһӣǰظ
·ϣܼҿĵȰⰽ䣺үҲΪãΪӼҺͰҺã㲻ҪӵҪϾƿˣܿУʱȻ⣬үҵΪأ
˵Щµ⻰һǺܳϵйءҲ˵ϵΪڼܵоû壬ɽҪԼ
˧˼ʣԸȴŵļΪʾӣָʺͷ
ˣҲлŵĿҪһ˴ȥĳ̶ȣȻǺܴ󡣶һ뺷òеŮˣ
Ȼ֮ǰɽ˵磬Զĵһӣǰ仹̲ס뵽һ⣬һ⣬ֱ۱ȴȴֵŮӡ
̲ס˸ս̫ˣŮˣˡ
ܼҲ֪С㣬Ƥһֱ߶˼ұǺõģϣСںͺﻰ˵˲ĺûҲúܣûһСΪʲô¶ܡ䱣˵ֻεصͷ
һͷĹɣǡ¿ܼҲʤĳɾ͸У
ֻܼԽ˵Խ𾢡Լߣ߷簡߷硭
ȹܼҵ߶Ա߼͵Ļ˰ע
㷢ûУүĸһӸ˰ͷ
ǰһϲզģ
᲻ǹүϵѲˣ
ţеһͷ
ܼʱͣ߶ɫһڣһ
үģôڹүǰ˵ϵͷأ
һ̸ˡ
ߣ俴˿ԼȷʵǸ߰ͷǵĻԭŵҲһִ죬ڱø˧ǴԽӰˡһֵ飬괩Խģȴŵˡذѱߵԭ鵽ϵϣҲʡ˰˷ϸǡ
ףǲǰôˣͻȻָɽ£˵
˳֣ɽ·һɽܣֽýͬһֻɽؼۣҲ֪ôģ׷ױʾǰӦӼҵˣܵôһм£ǴҼӿŲȥ
ʦͰһҪ¿ܼ˵䣬¶˾ϲ˵ү·Ը㱻ȳ󣬿쵽ĹٵϺϡӻԸؼȥҡ
ôԶܣ˵ȻģȻɽú
˵ôӼǳˡ
¿ܼҿϵӥצһָץס˰·ŵʵôˣôˣ
û£ǰɣүڶرԱˣ˵˳ԱĸףҪɳҪżǧɲȥȳԱĸסĨĨϵĺӿﶼ˺ˮˡ



8 С

ܼ⻰ˣҲ¶֮ɫܼұϾǼʶˣǿԸ󻢣ǴŹүȥӻϣӣаڣвӷľȳԱĸף
ĵԼүɲһԱĸס˵ȥү˵Աĸףǰô齹ǡʱӼҷѣҪȶģš
ӦһȻ˰䡣
ܼҶ԰˵үɾͰˣ
Ůٱ뺷飬Ҫ˳ġǰⲻԼ
ԹܼҵһͷŰʹһɽ¿첽ȥ
ܼҿŰɽı૵¹ӦԼɲȥ̼ңôϹүأ
Աߵļˣʵʲô
ûʲôؼȥܼһع˵
ǰ棬ƨ߸һʮҫм䣬һ·Ĭֻ˸·һС·ǰһٵϣͣһǰ߰˸ϣƥͣ߶ԿǵȵЩֵӣүˣ
ǶתͷϲȺҲûתͷλǰ棬ڸߴĺϵİŮӡΣѩƮݵ·һ׵
ķطķ˿·ǰһϾĲ
һ٣δı棬ȴһϤʶĸо
үְͻȻˣе
Ӧһǰߡǰ棬Ϊ棬ȴܵŮǰ棬˵ӣүˣ
ԭ磬ŵģϣеŮƵˣ
Ůһͷ䡣
俴һ˲䣬ͬشײһ㣬͵ؿ
һ߸ݴʶˡճǾ߷Ƶգȴǰˣһ崿ʹҪȾ
񾲵Ŷصĵʣ·ѩɽϿŵѩȻȷظ߱ˣȴ˷УšֻԶ۲桱ĸʣ÷裡
Ȼǵһӣ
ǰŮ𺳵ڷգǷֻһɨȥһ㱣ɫı䣬һ˼ǰ˺ԺеӰغһôһ˲䣬Ϊʦ㣬ȣһ˹Цʦôܳء
ûеĻ񣬰Ŀ漴
Ҫ˵űǰλŮȥϵʱ仹ˡŮȫһ⣬ԼմɽġϹϲϲֻǵĵһͷӣһ˲ۣţ㶼۵ȥϵˣϴջرָ
俴ʵüëˮһ۵ףòԾˣ⻹һ֮һ˸źΪޣȴڻŴ֮ķ޹ϵ⡣ȴзԭҪԡܵĻӼΪҽңܿӼҲԹܲмΪôԭֻһŮ˲ſ湻ģϴһ¡
ͷţǽˣԺҲܵŰˡϴĶϴ̣
俴죬ü۽ȴвزסɬ˵׻һʮŮڴ򣬴ҲһǳȾĴ֮ԭװǰʦ㣬˿̣ȼ
ü΢΢һ򭣬ӼһʱɾʱȴһİС˻ˣ·ҲϴȥģȻڴˣȴое㲻һˣԣˡѵվʯͷϣԼϳ˴
֮⣬顣ղ˶ӣȻ˵ͽӵľĿ⣬Щ漴ָƽƽƽʱûеģƺԼ۾һ㣬ͻȻЩողضһ£ɫֱˣ²͸ģȴĵﲻһ˿ĺ£
Ǻ£ȻԴ⡣
䵭Ȼ뷨ȴû˵
ʱһɨ˵شѩԱ¶
֮ǰѩţʱİǰһҲ¶Ӱ
һɫ˿ͷ޽ñչֽȣֽĸ骡ͥͷһ˫ü°ݽȥĺ۷Ŀ⣬һֱأӵԺС촽Ĵߣ˸оһϽˣ
˵ĵһӡǹ󣬿Σ
һӡ
ǰһۿͶˡһ£ѩվһ𣬲ǱǴװ
ѩŵţԼ⣬˭ѩһʦˣⲻòðζˡ
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ðɣ䲻ƽϣǰµ󡣵ڣӲţԲǻӵ겻ɽĺúҲɽǻҪ
ߵһӼҼǰ棬ӵĳף˵ƥ



9 ū

ŵļͣĺܿ࣬Ŵ鲼£ؿں͸첲ܿ·϶ŷļ⡣ⲻǼͣǱڣȥǱԼӴġ
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ͱһ۾̲סգգַסӣһϣһȥ˻漴ְֵݸ䣺ү
ӹ֣ӳëһ±Ϣ
ʶŵˣ֪ʱﶼôҪˣǼֵ飬۾ô󣬺ؿ
۾һ˿ſЦϷĿ⡣
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ˣҪȥɶӣ̶Цһ±ӣ˰ƨϡ
ȻǰȥѾѱˣֻǰ岽漴תһ䣬˻ĳƣֶԻڴЦĳ̶µȥ
žһ죬̶˴Ϸ˳ȥ
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Ҫ˵ףԳ̶˵֣ڸĳϣȥ˳Ϸˣ˵顣
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λǳ̼ҵļҲǿӴİܷӡ
˿ȴߣӣſܣţ¶ǰĺëëϻʪʪģɢžζһ;һũçĸũç˿ɴֻ˵һçˣ
çһźŨüۣڴҪ˵ŷǺ񣬵Ǻŷɲͬӣ˵çûӣֻǶ̵úܣǺںڵĺ֮ŷʽӸں
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ɲýţçͳף˵תȥ
仰ͱ̴ľȥһżʵүأ
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̶¹ƣǰæҰ˵ˣţҪȥʲô
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㡭̶ɫˡıƽʱǾ֮ǰ˺󣬲ҳӺͿĻγӰһ˵뵽ˡ
çŨüһ壬ʵǺˣĻ𣿡
Ӽҵˡ°һȻ˵˵ܲܽ
ӼֻһŮˣç¶֮ɫ
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̶һ㶣Ȼô׾ͷŹüأæڹçǰ棬ر˵˳
çͭ䣬һ



10 ʺĸ

䵭غӣȴ۾һգգ粽á
ڴΪçҪֱһٵʱȴû뵽һᣬߣӵĳ̶¸ˡڹçɲΪ˳̶µС´Ӽҵˣҽĸβ
롣çȻҺԼֱӣ㲻ɶͣڿ˵
磬Ƕɾ
΢΢һЦǰȥ
վסçڵ
ûͣ͸Ϊˡȴç˵ҪȥΰҧͲؽȥˡ
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ģһȻǸ
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ﲡΣӿ͡ҧüͷһ塣
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ȥɲ10Ǯ飬ڹԲ5Ǯ3ǮŶ2ǮĥȡŨˮҩˮһĻ𣡡ҽϵıʺֽд
Աߵţҽ˵һͷ
ӹ̴ľӣ翴ҧʵҩĵ
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ﲻЩģҪҽԼʲôԼȴ֪ô죿
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ҽ̾һҲ֪ɲܲεѳϷˡԿҲûס˵䣬ʵ䰡ڼദÿɺãûʲôìܰɣ
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Լھɶ鶼֪˵Ҳ˵һǾСìܣҲ˶Դ˵ġ
ûСֱ۾˵



11 ֹҽ

ûоͺáҽǺЦ緶ۺ룬ڼңǶˡԳϷ˵Ĳһֱ޲ߣȥѼеɲθΪһ˹ģû뵽ܶµشˡ
һֱǸ¹ңжһˣҽ˻ؼȥɲΣΪŮԼɲιȴû뵽ŮһǶ˳ʱи˳ĵˡ
ʱҲ֣ԸҲûôԸƺҲôʹأֻֻ֪ˡ
˵̼ҼҶµ˵˱ҪɰѰŻˡ
ҽԸ˻Ӽұɲεģô̶»Ӽ˵Ļǹǵġ
ҽ¶ı飬漴ЦǺǡ
ûǰö¹˵ġһһڰ䱳ųҧ˹
ת԰˵Ҫǰ˵ʱ˰
ĺӣȻϸ˼˸׵һΪϷ˵һż̲סԳҧ˴Ĵָ
ҽˡҧתͷضҽ˵
ҽһͷͳҧ˵Ϸ˻Բѣܶ£Ҳ޷ͨɲ֮Ϸ֮󣬲գѹ
ҧüһ£ҽĻɡһܲҽûյ飬ĸײǻΣ
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絭˵ɾһ˵ǳȥ˵ɡ
л˵Ź֣Ҫ֧䣬ҽιҩСﰡҩιȥҾΣˣ
˵ģװʵ˵ȻװҪ߳ȥȴųҧ񾭷仡ɲҪ̫ˡ
ãҧΪδֵ߰ܣܾȰ
Աᣬĳұ֪ͬұֲѧҽվ˳ҧ͡
ҧһ㶣硣
ûлش𣬵Ҳûзϡ


12 òҽ

䲱һ˵飬Ŀҽ黹ǿһģϸ˵δѧҽҲǲҽֻδι˶ѡ
ĿǴɽġǴҶŹϵԼܡ
˵תͷҧŻǲţ
ҧס磬˵
Ҫ°˼תɫƬƮɣҧ˵Ա⣬ָ֣Ӱ׵ΰɣɾЩˣĪҪš
װӺôһµı˵ʲô֣Ǿˣһʤ߼
죬ɾĪҪ嶯һʱ֮תʱ˼֡ŭ𽻹ǻܱ侲̬ȺͰ˵
ۿҪȥҧæȲҪֵʲôð취˵Ҫ˵Ǿ밽ֵܾȰһҽڣҪҽԻ֪
ҽԥһ£ͷҲá
ιҩʱ𣿡Եǵʡ
ᡣҽ֡
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Ҫһʱڳĸĺ룬Ǿ룬԰ѹ
ҽ˵ˣȥѪӦÿϷѹҲϷ˵ȥ˵ԲԣﾹȻ˵ʲôҲǺ˵
˵ĻԼֻǴѪ޺ġ˼ΪҲҽǴƵƤҲ˺ϷǲǡҪǣŮŮ̫ˣӦøŮһᣬǲǣ
ҽҲе˼ˣֻôһŮȻϣСڶһһŮΣ
šãҽͷӦ
ⲻصӻҽ𣿡ͻȻһȿȣΪһҽȻĿڣǻҽ֮
Ȼ˷Ҷ⿴ȥ̶ֻ´˽Գҧ˵ɣɣҩ̵ˣ
һɫˣһų룬һСָ׸ôĺ룬ëϱһľӣһģ˽
ҽϳȭкԭ֡
ëͷ˵ȿȣʵҽʶȻһûѧҽŮβǲѳ̼Ϸ˵һ°ȿȣߣȻͬϷ˵Դ롣ԴѨλһʧͻҪ˵㾹Ȼ룿
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СͳҽĸףһֱΪڿȻΪ¶֮ɫҪǸ԰
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첮ѾӼɲξϷˣ첮ģָ˵
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ڣ绹ΪɲǿԾȳĸġ
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۾һתؾ˵ЦȿȣɲھͿԺɣҽҽ£ҽ
Сֶҽվкʲֻұ־У嶯˶ѣӲ޹ϵҽȻˣҲϷһﲡ
ԭǸֶȻ˵ˣǰͿһߵҽǰ棬˵һá
ҽһЦÿֻëϣִڳĸϰķĸ۾һͿһ
ҧ˵ϵĽȿȣϷ̵һ᲻ʶûѹȿȣ̵ֽôĸ۹ҩһɡ
ԣҽϣϷϷ˲̵֮û̵ҩ
Ϊһҽҽ̵Ҫëҩȥȣδ˷ֻ»βʱ
ëԴһƲƺҽ˵һ㡣
شЦë˵Ǻβǲҽ
롣ëмһˡ
ʵҪǻβĻôԼĿԶûκأ
˻һҶһëһ죬˳ȵøʵ˰˵Ļ
ղѾЩëĳҧʱ۾ԥ
ë˺һ˺üؿڣƽ޼ؿŰ䣬˵Ǿ̫࣬У԰ĳͷ
ͷ࣬һԼ
к̵㣬ɶ񼲣ٲοɾûɻˣӵؿҲҴģھ㲻ԣһڸΡ
ֻҪëԾ̵֪βãëһЦȿȣǴԲѣãҪΣ
¹䣬͡ҽšˬ˵
ҪӮӼŮǾ͵ӮӼӻԼͿԲҽͷλˡ
뵽ëã
ҪӮˣͬ񡣡䵭˵
ëǺˣûԼ䡣Ŀʮ꣬ҹĴûκã껹ҹҽأҽβãһӼ׸ΣЦǴӦֺη
Ӧˡ
ǰһվһáԱø
ܿͭ赽֣ͭëǰ棬һ룬ٵëִȥ˿һβɱ˰͡
ǰɱ˶ѨѨ׼ȷ˵ȻҲ⡣
׼ȷشëģָ·һ״
֣ëûһʹ֮׼ѨλͲ߸ʹ뵽ëɫһ
룬һִȥ롣ëͻȻоԼĺر漴ҿȵˡ
ͻȻ۾һģæͷ׼ͭ裬۵һ³һںɫĶ



13 иˡ

ͭһ̲ɫ̵ɢһ
ΧһƬĵġ
ëѾˣؿС
ҲŰܰëеĶ̵
ҪˡղԼһֱֹŰ䣬֪ҽҽϷƣⲻں̲סðһΪ飬ڹǿġûгϢδˣһֱܺõĸױθһⶼǰ亦ġһ̣ҪˡһˣҲһֱƽˮٶ첻֪ΪôˡθʰʱȻİεĺ̵Ūˡ
ҴĵַǷǳ졣ҽѧңȻҽģʱ룬һ뷨Ƕҽģ
Ȼ֪ҽǴѧǲǿҽѧġ
ʱеڣղžȻû
Ůܿҽģοҽ֮ҽʱҲ룬ŮҽѧģԲӼҵģӼҵҽҪֻһܰѶ̵³
һЦҲҲã뿴Сӻʲôͣ˵κ˳ϷˣҲǾһ
ʱҲϲˣҪëˡ
ͭĵĺ̵ѾʮˣԼһֱβã岻ʱ˻Ҫٳһ֡˵ëôõҽǾòҽʱоһƬ˳þûָоˡ
ʱѾʲôĲģʧܵȫϣκõľϲˣ
̧ͷ䣬۷⣬վҪ£
æÿ˵Ĳǰˡֻǿ˰˵ҽѡ
ëûԥתҽ˵һȥԵ˵ҽķڷ
ֿ𣬿𣡡ҽȻˣûаӼҵˣҲʢˣæë
ë䱧ȭСҽȾȰ
ղŰ˵ˣ³̵һ¸Σû˵εİ취ء
취Ҳ򵥣ӣпϣÿӴһŵˮˮˣһΣԸ¡һοԵİ취ԳĦղĵλãǷελãఴĦԷкô
Ƥֳɷ־ֹȻ̵ĹЧһǿ͡һǳƤֳ͡ɷֻ֣֮ŻӳƤгһοԻ̵ĺð취
ڼ򵥵İ취Χ˶ȴ̫ˡôصĶ񼲾ȻһӾͿˣ
̵̫ˣһ֣óȥ
ͭȥˡ
ΪΰûӿοԵģҽʵ
䷢Χ˿Ŀ⣬гҲɻ󣬾֪ǶԼǶҽģڻԼҽġȥĻɣǾͻỳɵԼǲűˡ
ţСһͷϵʿ˵ġ
ϵʿ˵עе鹹ϵʿϡ
Ϊѵ˵ϵʿ˵˵֪
飬ԼԲȥ
ǵͷԼ²ϵʿһλˣżϵʿúԵǰľҩţ
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һ룬ҪסĸԴһѵѪܣѪһѪܡϷˤ𵴣Ѫˣ­ڳѪʹԲˣΣաֻзסһѪܣѪѪ­ڣܾղŴ˼طֻΪԻסҽǣͨǼѪĵطоѪܳ׷סûС
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˵ȴʱҽƳʶ㣡ǸղŰκë˾šиϵʿأ˵ζͬһ淨ӡ
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ĸϣֻоӨˮڷɡ
ῴ˰һۣû뵽Щ汾ϡ
ôʧôѹأôûأ
ʱ򿴵ҽ¶οЦݡ̲ס룬Цʲô
ΪһҽȴβãӦƲŶԣôЦأˣһҽ֮ǰһֱϷԼѹˣ˹ˣҽĹ͡ԣ
ģԾԾԡ
ѹˣĸ֣ڳҧĺ˺ü£ˣһֿ治ᡣ
ҧٺһЦֱĵһᣬ˵ѹˣ
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ҧЦӦԶԣﵱȻѹⲻ𣡡
˶ˮҧι
ĸˮüͷ΢壬ͷ˵ôо˯˺þõӣͷҲۣ



14 

ˣֻ͵ĸˣﻹˤǰ׷
ģֻѾץˣҧҧгݵ˵
Ѿˣ˵˵ã͵⣬ðˤһӡ˺ãϣͷۿ׷ˤġǲӡ
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ģԺҪ׷ðԣ
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ŰֳԹѽԵĸӵֱ˲ֱӡ
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ҧˬԸðϲ˵ֻǰϡ˭İ취дӼ￴ҽεģϷѹϷ˸񣡡
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û뵽ԼղŴӹŹһ⣬ĿֵشҧͰ䡣
ҧҪشһ͵ز˽ϷˣԱ⣬ҽΪǿˣϷ˵ĲұκõģҽĹ͡
ȻǸģȻԣֺᣬǰһ֪ʹˣ͸ƨϵ̴һڵðŧ
ӵǿҪô
Ҳ򸻶ϵĳĸʱ˼۾ɨһ´ǰˣҽϳˣϲ˵ѽⲻصҽ𣬳Ϊ˰Ϲͷˡ
۾ëһ˵ѽⲻҩ̵ҽ𣬳Ϊ˰Ϲͷλҽˡ
ʱ۾Ĵһ°䣬ղŶӻлţλҽôһһʱ䣬ĸãˣλǣ
ϷˣλǰͬҲҽŮ˵δѧҽ֮ǰϷ˻ԲѣԱҽƣҽϷ˾񣬵ҪѹʱȻѹͬɲұβҽιҩʱȻŪָҽķӲԣҩᶾϷˣ˵ʲôĪͨϷ˵ĺ룬ϷѹˣԱΪұֵĹͣʵҽЧղŵʱϷѹˡֽȣаյ˵
ҽ˵ҽղûԣΪһжģ֪һϷ˾ͻѹұֲôҽܻϷ˵ȫʶұֲˣѹƻҽϣΪҽĹͣ㲻ĹͣһҽΪԼҲѹ͸οԼڸ͹͡
ҽ˵öԲԣë
Ϊղë˰䣬һʮһδʮ꣬ǷҲֻҪƵ䣬ôëղҲᱻȥҲᶪˡ
ҽûǰתͷ䣬üëһԵú࣬˵ұֲ޹йϷڵͷۣӦұָղµġǰԵͷϣҧТںĸףҪ˫˺Ƭ漴ĳ˵ұ֣ǰ㣬Ϊã
ֽ৵һչˣ¶ġĸ֣骵˵ͬΪѧȻ֪֮ϵʿ֮˵޻̸֮װλҽҽλڣű¡ʱ˵ԺҲβǺɾˡұĪĳˣ
ϵʿȻŰҽ˽̵ģǰڻܽϵʿ֤
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ЦˣļƻĺУֻԼԼˣɿ˵۹ȴˡˣ˸Լ֮⣬˶ǹ֮ˣëֻǸʤ֮ˣȴǶ𱨵ˡôһֻͨҪԿˡ
лѣԺҪεģǻ֡ص
һɸֵı飬˵ΪִԲ򣿡
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ʵʤ۱磬ղŰı֣ѾҽǺģʱôȥĻأ
Ķ飬ֲ˼ӣֻ˵ҽ֮£Ҫү˵㡣
ֱǺ˵˵ҧһǰֵܾȵģѵдҪ룿
ȻҲð˵ĻЩãֻҪܾȹͺãھȹˣҽεҲãӼŮȵҲãӼҵˣȥɣǵӼ𣿳ҧֻѹˣŲᱻĻ
ڳҧħһʱˣҪֵײӮȻûǰ˰䣬Ҳûٳǰˡ
Ա⣬ɲ˵Ͱҽ￴óϷҽεģѹ͸ұ֣Ǻҽ𣿡ТӵĿǵȻǳĸתͷʳĸϷˣ˵벻ǣ
ĸҲԺˣҽʵҽ𣿡
ҪҽԶԶáĸֵĸܱȵģɲ׷һԩŮʱ˵ĿⶼϣǺһЦ˵Ϸѹ֪Σðһ鿴˵
˵꣬شǰʣִڳĸϣغ˰Σ¶ϲɫ˵ããϷ˵Ѿͨ˳ⲻǰ֮ǰκҩģһ룬ˣ
ëˣ϶԰ĳ֮ɫˣ˵ղСҽڰʩһ룬͸оһ㣬Ѻе̵³ˣСҽĹܾ߰Ϸˣȫţ
ʲʲôΪˣæʵҽ㲻˵˰ɣκõģôұεģ㲻ǣҲӦ˵ǰôĲһأ
ү˵Ǿǡ粻ɸ׵ĻȻ˵
һ죬ŮˣŮǰʧˡģæʵǳϷ˵ͷۣ
ǺǣϷˤ÷࣬ȻۣҽЦŽ͡
оһ㣬˵ˡ
ϷͷǻδΣˤֻС֡
ǿԼ˵ˣͷۻǳģץ˾ĵһ
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ҧæͷԳĸش֮ӡ
ŶǸÿ¶εģԺ󲻳ҵˣԱҵģԺҪð֪ϵĹȣĸһ۸˼ûˡ
ˣɫˣԼһġĻȻԼҵһϵˣ˵̫ˣ
Ϸˣæ͡
ҧȵ£ϳȥ



15 Ȳˮ

̶æӦ
漴һᣬ˸ǰ棬ŭĿбӣ˵߰ɣ
ģ鲻ʰæ
ǹ粻òվ˳Գҧ˵Ա⣬뿴һϣĪҪΪѸӡ
ӼҸվ˳ĸ飬ӦúõİɣڴؿųԱ⣡
ŮӲǶ˵ô˵ղŻ˵˵Ļûظĸ˵
ظ⻰һŮ˵Ҳ̫ˣ˺һ˵òᣬҪȴ˵
ҧ˵ӣ̼ǰ̼ҵ£޹ء
תʸ㻹ߣ
鶼ˣòߡǰ˵˼ĳ֪ʲ˵˻ԱͳϷ˲Ҫĳ뿪ˣ
תʱ۾ڰϡ
У浱ɱ˰֪ɽҸûܹ⻹ֻǿθأ
̶°Ѷ˵ĽʺˣҧһЦ˵ղðֵίˣʵֵ֪ҽ棬ûɹ㣡
ͷһ³ĸʵֵ˵ͷ۲ˤģǿҽεİ취
ͷ۵ԭΪĸ­ڻѪѵѪܱһѨ󣬲ûѪҪĸԴȥЩѪǳ׸Ρ
ʲôĲܺ˵װ¶ѧҵɬ飬˵Ա⣬취˵£ºһϷκáģڣϷ˺úκģ
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Ȼһˣ벻ġҧ˵ˣϷɲξӣҽ󷽵˵
ãģлˣҧ˵øԼԵɲһ
ȴ̲ס۾ӼصɲΣһֱȲΣˣھȻȫԣϳȥʱ˿ǽúܡ˳ɲΣ˷
ŭԣȴǹϰˡ
ҧż˳˳ĸķ䣬ʱɫҧҪ˰ŷ䡣
ë˸ǣҧһҪͰݺͳԾ硣
ëҲг֮ˬӦ



16 Ϸ

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ëҧùܼ׼ԴŰȥ޵ķ䡣
ʱڳĸĵʯͷˣҲ˼ϸڵˡ
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֮ǰҲðƺЩһվһˣһӸ߳һͷʵ˾֡
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ŵıЩݣûݵ۵ĵزͻȻˣԵݵÿˣҲǸղųҧ˵۵ԭ
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Ϊһ²ҽС˵
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ƲƲ죬Ȼ̫ԸĲˣԼԼ̲ˣƺҲӦõģǽˡ
ҧЦܺ͵ǶҿԿԣҪ
˵ӣչһ鹷͹ĹŨ֭һ϶һ࣬ҧſĴ죬һͣ漴ϣĶ۵һ̫֭һ֭һһ˳
³ĳ࣬ڱϻԵ˷УǳҧȴһȻĸо·˾Ӧӡһʱ䣬óҧǻ̫ɹˣǻ̫ʧˣ
һ飬ȴǸȾˣܷŵÿĸ
ڣҧȵȾƣ
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ҧˣ۾¶֮ɫãܺþ
ҽЩľôôã
漴һ룬˳ҧ̫飬ǿźȵġҲȻ
ϯɢ˺󣬳ҧǻطϢһ߻ͬһ䡣



17 ͬ

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Ů˻ŵţڴԽǰҲǺһնԵصļһ棬һ֮Եѡ޲ڰҪ˯ĿŵҮ仹ûθС
Ůֻʮ꣬Ĵ֮ŶûɰûθС
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һθжûУǲаˣ
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ԱߵƺھᣬƺŽηŰ䡣
ԽԽԶ
Ƚ˷䣬һľܺȾƣȴȲ˾ƣʱҲһɣ˯ˡ
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찳ܽΪֵܣ㵱ȻҪ¡һ㡣ȥĪҪ˼ҧŰ䣬ȥ·
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⻰ðЩëȴðʱ򲻾⣬һϴȥߵһ¡
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˵ۡүĪ
÷ڰϾȵĨĨ
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ܹȻǿҧԺ˽ߣʱ쵽ˣ
ҧһŰҲ֪ԼʲôЧˣһ仰Ҫȥˣ
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ĿյϣżӣϷͷͷѼףˮȸּƷ
ɼҧݿжأ



18 ŮҲиڵʱ
С꣬Բһ꣬տ֣

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ƺ뵽ʲôһЦ˪Ů꼻һЦؼ䶼ںСԹİ俴òһ
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İȴ񱻵絽һ㣬ʱʽʱҲģŵͳҧһ𣬾ǴɺСһǣιιι֪ҲùȡЦӰɣҲ̫ˣ
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Ⱥڲ裬ݲȵ޵ϵĲҶ󣬲̧ͷ۾ɨһŮŮ۾ŮϣʵΪ㣬ôɽϣ



19 ʮҩ

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ԭǵҪ϶ƿûнҽҪѧˣ᲻ᵢƿ£ĵʵ
⣬⡭˼ˡѾ赲˼ԲĽŲˣ
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źܸߵҽ֪ʶ˼ҵⲻܾܾˡ˺֮䣬κһνӸĻᡣҽлʷϳ˺üζϲϴ飬ܶྫҽ֪ʶʧˣһ˽ҽĻᣬȻܷŹˡ
ΪԲϵʿĻѣΪϴ֮ǰµȨĻ󣬶ʹӦҽҪ
л˳ȫʦ֪һ˵ģϿҵظмƿ֮£СѧҽʱҲܿá
ţãҽŰ䣬۾ԽԽȻǴϻ۹ˣš֪ʦϵʿҽհ㣬ЩٽЩҽŵȻҲҪһϵʿж䲻ɣ
ͷӵǳʵ˵ǿУҲҪ֪жҽ
ǼˣԼܡʦ̸ĶӶһʱֻ˵꣬Ժȫˣȸһ֡ˡͷ衷ʵʮҩ
Աϣֻҽ۾ÿֲ󣬺˹һ㡣˺һѹ촽ʵʦģ
޳ܵصͷš峯ʱһʦɡ
˰˰ҽʮҩʤϷ뱲̽ˣ⣬⡭
һվֽʣٵذʮҩ
дúᴵһֽϵīر
ʱְؿ֪Լʧ̬ˣЦʦĶڼðΪ֮񣬿ûжԽˣĪҪЦ
֪ʦֻǰѸðУֻǱȴ֪ЩʲôҪ˴ѧ𣬴ѧܰʦ̸ҽø̣ۼҵҽһ󣬾θˣ
һҽڰ͸һ¥Űֱۣ˵˺üá
һҲȡ쿼ľˣϵʿҩȰʮҩˣҰµҩҪѧϰҽ쿪ʼ͵鷿һҽ飬ȴӲҩҩʼѧ
˵飬ҽҩԸĲҩ
ӱһҩϺòסӷһȦҪѿжѿڰĴ£Լķ䡣
ȥſڳһӰһ̣һѺĽԼǰ



20 Ϯ

ϲ˪Ưˮʢŭճֱָţֻһ׾Ҫıˡ
ۣлú˵˫֣Ͷ˵
𣬲Ǳ㸸˵˼䣬бҪҪıɱ׷
ܽƻˣĽԶһ㣬ȴûзŹһֱıֻһףŽһѷŸȥ
Ҫɫɣ
һı˪ǲҪⷽˣǲܵΣϴϴ˯ˣ
԰ʲôڹغ֮󣬺ʵ
ûаɣ˯ģ˯ġס⣬˵ɲȰѽÿ
ϺȣͨҪƿеѡ
øӱԴ죬ǲǰûóѣĲֶ԰ʲô
һ˵һ߻ѽǰ涥Ҫڰıͱһ
һ߾㤵ؿŽ⣬һ߼ʵ˵ļ°ôʲô֪
˵ûж԰ʲôʣĪغ˺졣
죿뵽ڳ̼ʱһ˯ǰСʱٿ⼤ӣⲻڻԼԹ
ǣԼ˯ĺòãȻŽָԼıӣ
˵Թ㶹ռˣ䷴ʵ
罣һʵҪȻô˯мȥ
Ȼ£ӴΪҪŽָŰıӣҪɱ
ŭˣԼ˯㲻֪˯಻ãȻʰռˣ˯ģ˵ռأӴ㻹ù찡Ůƽ֪ܺߣȻԩҪɱڣĺڣ˭˵ȥ
֪öˣ˲ƽСŮ֮㰳ռҲ쾭壬аɾڣ㰢үǰˣϵ㶮𣬾ռҲǺϷˣå㻹ɱбɱһ
ɱɱһ˵һȥĽһʹıǿ׽ȥˡ
ȻҪһȥ׵ӽ쵶ӳչ鲻ҡ˽ˣͱӼ仹Ǳһ׵ľ룬߽һһ
ɱôɱˣվסԼԽ˵ԽɪŲԽԽѾƵűˡ
󱳿ϣ֪Լ·ˣæ԰˵㣬վס
ʱϲŭѷ֡ϵĵϵ⣬ŭĻ︴˴𰸡ʲôҲûֻԼ˯಻ãԼ˯ȥ˶ѡһ
˭Ҳ뵽ĵһӣƽʱһӡ󣬵˯ȴһʵһ˯رʲô֪ҲΪʲô󣬼·ǲȷûжʲôԭ
ΪСʧȥĸף뷿Ϊ˵˯಻õѾ֪Ϊ֪һ棬Ȼ˵˳ѿ˼㣬еĽһҪɱˡ
Űһߵڰ׵Ķ࣬÷βҪˣô޳ܵĳ̶ȣȻ˵Ůռ˱ˡҪһҧһȥûûӣȻԼԼòæˣ˵
ǸʪǫͣеˣһӵĸоڰȴоİԴȥϵټ˾ͱˣееĪ⣬ͻȻҽչֳһ棬ܵߵڰףУƤرĺѵԼǰľܾ˵Ļ̫Դ䲻ɣ
뵽ﲻһ˿Ρ
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һǸûʲôʱȴѿڡڵǸ󣬸оһɡû뵽תˡôɾʹˣ
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Ϊ˲ͿӴߵſȥͿµıӰߵԺӵһߣǸŵƻ̶Ѿվڷſڵ硣
̶ѾӹĽŵʣӣôô
ߣ졭
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촩Խ󣬰͸оĿ£˿˿ȻɽĲԶˣǱ21Ŀǿ˼ˡ
Ȼȴǿ
ֻϧ쵽ڶûлںˣûŮͬԼܴˡ
Ϸţشϣ˫˫ַڵﴦһӡ



21 ү

񣬸ؼĵγһĸѹƤĿ˿˿˸ѹڣ㼯֮С
Сʱ֮󣬰ѾоеУٶȣоϲ
ŴȻǺãûκεȾֱóݣִ޷ġõ缢ƿʵȫС
һֱ˺ҹоƣͣڲǷ֮壬ŵҲǹȻ壬ǻû취ƣͬ͡ʱҲǵһһ޶ȣ쵽޶ʱҲƣͣʱҪͣϢȻЧ᲻ˡ
νݽϣˡ
۾Ϻܿ˯ˡ
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ܼߵķſڣŽеүɽȥС
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ҹģ뿤ſةͻȻܼ˵ſةַˣһ˵һȥѾӦǸſةͣϸȥأڽйүӹȥԸ顣
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ͷĻ֣˵ỹġ
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ʲôwŷ֣·ְũһѣũѽһˤ﹵Ӷ׸ˣҶ



22 

ι֪ù𣿡
ƵũwţתͷҪǰȥ뿪wﳶǸûһӰǰ棬ӲײӰؿڡҲ߯ߣ
wͷwƺѾ֪ũŵĸĸ۸Ȼһɻ
ȻС˹ȴûֹƵwţһ̣Ļ𶼻ɱҪɱΪ졣
ܵǰպõǰ棬ﷴûסָ֣ؽڵһһåӺͻȻŤѽѽֽУȥڵϣϸҲûܻʹ࣡
¹үԿĴ󻢣ֻڵϹģûߣȥwšwŰϰϵվˣһ߸ݵһϲؽе䣬ˣ
պ꣬Ử˺ɫ
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ڶĶУ˴Ӵɽ˳еķѾüûɽˣž̬ȣصɽһˣͷĸĸ߳ɽˣϵӣһ涼ûм嶼֪ĸˡ
һһ̣wŵᣬܸоݰжأ
ᣬжµеøҡ
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Ĭûж˵wһֱ˵û꣬ŰӼҺòãԸӼҪǫˣwͷͷβһ仰û˵Ȼֻһ΢ũͷϸɫһĴˡ
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23 ǡ


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ǣwͷ˵˵᲻𣿡
wͷҪ̫ˣ㻹Ҫȥģ
ĻԽ˵ԽвĻЦŻӦлλ׵ĺˡ
Ҫ֪Ǻģͷ˵һ˵ı飬ȴһζûС
ȴûǣתԶ˵үسסɡ
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䶼ÿǿƵŮˡŮˣҪǿƿԣڸĸТϻΪǣǾͶԲˡתͷw˵סسǣʰ·߰ɡ
Ϊ֮һ죬wŷԵ䣬ﻹҪ֣߲㰢үĻ
wͷwͷֻ˵һ仰סسǣסͶסˣҲҪǻẦǣסʮھˡ
wͷ̵ˣ˵һҲûǮسסʱҲûǿƵǽسǣֻε˵á
ֱУȴ۽Ŀ
׼ҹ׼ĸҪΪ˲Ĺϵ񻯣ЩȽǰɡܼڽϼ
˼Ǿȥ޻Ҳۡ
䵱ȻС֮ˣΪ˶ȻáwȴˣüҶн費ģòóˡ
ӣͽ£żռطwͷû
Ȱţɾ׬Ǯȫµģ˵ЩҲǲ
仰˵wȥˣϲõشӦȻȥŰǻʲָ˳ȥ
Ҳ֪ǻˣûҲЦǺǵؽӹʲȻˡ
ɾҪ밳һȥֳˮֱݸϣһŽеù˳סԼĺʵ
ء
w˵ţﻹҪæȻȥˡ
ҪðwŸ˵ػ֡
Χũɢˣſھʣ°һҺһ󻢡wͷ͵Ű棬ȥƿڴӣúõػʲô裬ǹúúõҪʲôң㻹Ҷɫǲǲǣ
ֻžТɲװϸĽ̵ҲԷwͷ֮󣬿ųĬ侲İ䣬Ҳһwͷ̾һ˵ҰˣͻԷԺŶûˣǶӼҵ
ǰǲ䶪wŸ͵
Ŵͨ㣬ʹ˵ΧޣеһӶû߳⡣ʹ˼ʹϵҪΧ˵һ˵˺ܴáһС͵ץס˶֪ˣ˵С͵˼ʹϵңʹڴ߲Сγһ׺ǿĵ¹淶Լ
ƭȫǮƵĴƭӰᵽһȥסûˣ̰Ҳûˡ
׸ҪǹظŶӽǣǻᱻ˿߲УʱͲϽܿˡ
Լںνĵ£ǵȴֱӰ쵽ϵ
䣬ûоܾǣҲðǽӼסǰǲϡwȰ㲻Ҫ
ղվ˵ãȻȥˡȻܰᣬԺöÿԣһͺá
wں溰䣬ȵȵȣÿ¶λֵǮҲ꣬ûȥԼɣ
ֻһɫǮңݸ䡣˵ĴֵܣԱߵĴ󻢣⻰Ŀ˸һ
Ǯš˵תȥ
wͷûذ֮ǰµһǮ˳ҪﰭۣԸá
ӹǴǮˡ
һھƺҹϵЦŻһţͬ·ߡĶվſ
һ·Ĵ󻢵ļʵÿ¶Ǯ
үð͹ģһð˵͵ģʵ˾Ǻñƹ



24 꼻һ֡

Ĵ󻢵Դǰ˼ͣͬ·ھ֣С磬Ǯ㣬Ҫ۸үͽس߰δζлر
ѸղwͷӻһǮھӣô˼أã°һȥ֪ͨ
ΪҪӣԻͬ·˵ҹϵжжã໥չ˻Ҫġ
ͣصسǰ˵ôؼô󻢴ǵϹ䡣ΪϤ磬һƬͣ˼Ƭ
ǮھӣϵǮҲ˵ķݣرǴͰԻƬ㲻Լķݣϰܴ󷽰ܱʵˡ
֪ӼҹүҶ֪ĿţǮǮ˵ǸĹķԱǵŮ
лӡ˵СԵ롣
˳ŲôǮŵݴԼĵһôȻ̫˧ŮᱻåŮﲨ͡
뿪Ƭ꣬أ䵽˰ص˸ŵ˽⣬ļҲ˵㣬˲ƵػӼҡ
֪·ͣϢҪɵö࣬ϢʱʮͿ֧ţȶûϢ·ʱһ̧Ϣһ֧ţõϢˡţȻԣüŻؼҲС·⣬һ˵
ֿտյģָͷͣ˵үˡ
ȻǳԻ
ǲϢˣؼҳ
صӼҴߵѾͷ̶ۣ뵽֮ǰŵĸĸչ˵ȫĬĬŵģӦȥǸʵ̶أ
̶Сһ٣תݷʣүа
ǽѵдˣⱾ̶ۣһУ쿴ˡ
̣ˣѽүˣרԵģúòӡ˹үôûҩָܼŰĲӣų֡
ԭǽдˣŶٰ˭ŻŸҩ
˭ǽдõſô𣿰ɲϴ˵̣㻰ء
̶ѾͷԼĶ䡣
̶俴ܼңܼҡͷЦѾͷզˣ
Ѿͷɫһ࣬ˣĻˣĵ˵ڷ
ӻ֣򷿼ȥ֯һԣˣҪлˡһ·ţ洫
һƾͿˣȥ
ôʵ
Ǹ˵ͬʱ
ȻͰˣ˴ؿŶԷ
ѩ׵ĺ󱳶¶ڿ֮Уʵ⻬Ƥĺһ˿˿̲סһѣо滬ָСƺոϴͷʪںڵ㷢ƲҼϣ¶һİ׾ϵһɫӣǰĶǶϵ
ǰ棬һһͭһģӰ֪Ůĺ棬ǳĿգڰʱѶǶһߣһֻǰϣֻúܷʣһֶֻղסöⶼ˳
ֵĶˣһŷۺ֮ɧĺɫǶӳ£֪Ǵ˻ǿ¶ˡ
üë΢壬רעؿͭҲ֪ʲô
ͬʱ俴סˣû뵽סˡ
һһŮɴ۾ŶԷһôӦ
ֻ棬ת˰治ǲ¶ķۺ֮ﶼǶסˡΪźأ꼻һ֣ôĶһҲֵ
ʱ·ֹһ㣬֪˶ã˽Ųλʱ侲ֹ˶ǱѨˡ
ϸĽŲп̶Ѿͷġ
˹¶ŭ֮ɫ޳ܵɾȻ·ʱôá̻ˣҪ⸱ӣǻˣ۾΢΢¶֮ɫ
ҽģô濴׿˵ģ뺷Ҫܱͣ벻뺷üĿľţ֪вǽ͵ʱ
ˮһְϣ·ղŶĵһ㡣
Źˣ뷿ֻص˷յĸ˿ռ䣬ȴû취⵱ûһ㣬գڵǽԺˣһ֪˰ˡ
ôðǸɶ˵Ȼߣվ⣬ˣһ֪ˡȴ˵㣬Ǹû˽жˣھΣϣԭ°
⻰˵һ㶣ԭΪġ
˰ôأִ
̻ŵүûȥ̫ˣ
ã޳ܵȻֱ׳طʡ
ûûУ˵ܼҽйүȥ̶Ѿͷæ֧䡣
Ŷã˵ڷղҪӦһҪΪƭˣѾͷ󣬰æ뿪Ƿ֮ء
ŰıӰתԺӣ̲һţʵӣܽ𣿡
ƽʱ壬Ǵʱȴ̸оһɱ
ѵӹԼ˸»
̽ȥڨЦؽͣӣǱܼҽȥˣһʱæŸ·˹ףӵôô죿
ϰӶˣŹ֡һʱ䣬ǰԽԽ󣬳Сķգû˵ʱŶžӿһȴû뵽Ǹ쵰ˡһˣ̡
ĿȴǶ˭Ҳ˵Ƿޣ쵰˵ˣåҲǺϷⱻҲڴС㲻˵ȥҲŮ˼ҵڣ첻
쵰ǿɳˣҲ̺ͿѰˣôôԺ˸Լ˵Լڷ
ǽ̸о˵شɱֲɱʲôֻǸоÿ£죬ֱƤ
˴˰ѷ˶ˣΣԺȴŸղſ
ָѩףʵˡ
ҪԼִֻ֣öá
ǵڴһۣ˸͸ԼˣҪǴֻֻ֣ûط·ˡ
һڳĬ˪ӵгܼ꣬ҶһɲμɵĲˮȡ
һ߱ԹܼҲǵģҩҪڷСʱԲſѧһ߿ٵذѿҩˮ꣬ȻԼķ
ǷŸչأһѷźĽѾϣ



25 ɻ

һ佣Ȼͬһм˳
ŵæɿϵ֣ˡ˶ݵݶȼǿ˲٣ȻʱĽ֣
л˵ҪɱˣŷǻɽҪףɲܳˣæѵ
ȴһ仰˵żһţֱָţ۶ȥ
ҪԼ
ŮˣҪһĳְõʱײųѾǲˣڷѾûеɽˣ
ˣĺŵӣһ½ţһ٣ΣˣϺţ
ѾҪһȥ仰ʶ뵽Ҫ׷ɱ˿಻ãͣһŸϡ
ѾûԶˣлһѵӵܡ
л˵ıɱ׷ҪõġӵӺ¶Ҳ֪Ǹ飬Ūᣬ˵ҪҰ𣬺αؿԼ
Ľͣһ̹ȥæǰΪǸǫǫӣû뵽ˡǰЩͻȻҪһûеóѣִ͵
ڵϿ˼ȱڣ伱ˣ˵ҪţȥǸ̶۰߰˭֪Ǹ飬Ҳţ˽ȥ
еĽһ٣ֵؿʵһֱ˵Ǹ飬ʲô
㶮ģüͷһ¡
еĽһ٣Ż˵
ﵽ˳䣬ܻҪû˵ʱԼһԼҲǿġţ˵㻹ղŲһֻ쵽Լǰ棬ſ
Ķ˸ղԼõ龰ȻʲôˣʵߵҪطˡ
ҪԸ˵俴ĽȥûҪˣ˵
Ҫ˵ʱһѣ׹˵ľָʲôˣղߺһɷף־ɱɫͽӣ
æѵӾݺݵ£һľ֣ڵˡһҪǿϣʬ׷ּ˰
ɱοǺȻ飬þûˣɱڸǲԵģ䲻ѽγȥΪԼ룬æȰȷۣɱǲԵΡ
οȻ֪ʲôȴ֪һղ˵ҪʲôһǺôʡɫӰ׵ڣӺڵף˵ȥ֪ʲôǿڽ͵ֻǼһ壬Щ飬˵һ㣡
ŶԭοѩȻǺܴ࣬ûκȾ˵壬ʮҲǷ䣬ܵŰûй˼˵Ŷͦģúõġ
˵֮ͷֻˡ
紵Ƶɫӷۺ죬Ѫ죬ٱϺ죬ɫԽԽƣǻɽǰĽ࣡
һ̽ССĸܸԭѽӵ˳ٽʹ̣׷ɱ
Χм˲֪ȦеĵӱĿȫǣȻһһŮŬתȦȦ
ˣٶҲˣʵ۵òУַԲܡ俴Բ磬һԲ̸У˵Ҳģȫᣬ֪ǲöܵ۸ţûǰسðͷǮлġһԺ˲Ÿָ·Ҳû뵽ŵǰԽнȥһŪĳ档ȻᣬԿǸʹ˴סòã
˵ϣȴ벻׷˵룡
ֵһʵѵ뵱ɱֲɣ鶼ȽˣѵҪ˵㸺黰𣿲ǿһûе⣬ҪѧóԿ㿴ȥˣ
ѵһţ˫ŵ·¶Ƥܰ׵ţܱ׼ķɻ
׷ɱû뵽·ŵ۾һ棬תȥˡ
ܵô죬ŵˣŮ˵ǱȻģղŲܵÿҪڵϣûһھȻô죬ҪǸղóԼҪ
ţʵ۵òˡ
Ҫҹȥһˣڿǲˡ
ϣ˽쾹ȻԺһŵļ䡣wͷᣬжһ˲䣬Ժܴ̼һСμ䡣ʱɰһΪҪ񣬻ùһֻǵõһμ䣬ûˡ
ݣϵǰһҹļ䣬ŴžķҪԲˣؾܾʹŵܴͷ
ģļƺ˭ĻչʾһӵĴܾĻǸ˵ĻǿУʹϵ뷨ǼȴûǸ˵Ϣ
ò˵ŵԸĺ
ΪŵļԼ񣬰ûȥϸоЩģļݡ
ϣ˫ڵﴦһӡ˺ҹ˯
ķҲһ򿪣µ翴䣬üëһ
޳֮ͽȻֶΰߣǲԭġ
Ѿûһýʹ̵ĳ嶯ˣֻһȥˡ
⵹ã粻Ϊһֱ徲ȭȥͣӼҵլתһת
ߵһ䣬ͣҪطŨö࣬ô£
ôŨԼкôȽȥԺ￴˵
ȥԺУԵЩԺӶӲݣǽȾ̦޺Щǽ嶼ˣƺû˾ס˴ӦŨʹĲľñĺá
Ũĵطȴһˮ֮С
˹ȥֿӲݣСˮм侹ȻһɡݡѹطŨԭǳҩġɡ鵤Ҫݣôƶĵеģ
үôˣܼҵ漴ĽŲʾ߽ˡ
ʱѾҪԺסˣܼˣһ¡
ܼ簡߶ѣ㣬Ժһֱķ𣿡ָָԺӲݡ
Ҳǣǰ̫үסߣ̫ү˺󣬾ûסˣ˼һмסڰǼңסԺӣԺԲź󣬾û˹סˣⶼʮˣܼ¶֮ɫƽʱû˹Թү֪ԺҲ



26 Ժ

Ժӷ羰лвݣסԼҪ
ȴѹܼҸŵŴͣ
Ǳ飬һ㡣
ôˣ
үԺӶûԸסˡܼұЩ֨
ʲô˵ġ˵ѵܼҲѰ˿ɣ
ոݵìܳ˰Ӽҵе㣬⻰һܼҵɫһ࣬°룬æ͵ǣүȻˣֻԺӵ飬˵ЩˣɷԸҪȥȻүҪϷ˵̫үϺ󣬴ҷԺĻݳñĿö࣬Ƕ죬ĲݶݻˣĲݻţһֱͣҲ֪ô£Ҳ˼־֮⡣
ǣûԸסˡһָҪסԺҾú˵һԺӣԾͬˡ˺Ժסֳ޼ݣмݿ񳤵ӡû꣬ҲԺԲˣԺĻݱǰҪ÷񣬴£ǾҲû˽סˣҹˡ
˵˲ҪԺӵ´ȥǾֻϷʱ޼һЩ賤Ļݣʮǰռģֳˣ
ʮǰģٶȻǹ˵ģѹӼЩͨ˻ᱻŵòҽ
ľ賤ԭ򣬵Ȼɡݵԭ򡣰뵽ǸסĺУָҪסһ֪ɡݵĴڡŴҲߵĴڣð䲻òﾯԺҪ˻֪ǵѡ
˵ϣܼΪһֱŹүӦûﺦ£Ȼ󲻸˵ҪסԺ
ȴû뵽ԸܼҼˣԺӴɨɾ
ܼһαˡ
ȰүȻǷַ˯ǻǷ޵ݣῪסãԺӲô򵥣ܿµģкüι˹˹Ӱס˵ġ
Ȼǻɵ˰޹ϵĲòҪֿסȻŻ䡣
һЦ㲻ˣԼ
˵꣬ԺҳһԺмӲܼһģæ˵úãүϷͽ
ܼҽˣǷһͣǹܼں߽Ժӡ߰˸Ժ˵ĸԺݣĸΨһĶ¥ʰ
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ĳҵͣʮأСɣ֪κνô˱أӲԵ˵ˣϳĳ²
Ŵ˾㲻ãдȻñţһݶ̶̵飬Ҫ˺üξӣŰͨ˳ˣǷ
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ǰ仰˵ϵڱĵ·һǰʮ꣬һ·鰡ᰡ˵Сɾ͡ëˡ
֪˭֪ʮʮʮ֪Ҳ˵仰ָʮꡣͺ¿˵Լ˰ʮ꣬СҲаʮˣп˾ʮ꣬ͻȻһʮ꣬Ƿϻͯˣǵմ֢ԼʮСͷˣ
˼ά˲
ıؾָԺˣһݣͺ¿Ǹӻһֶû˵ǲ߷ݣ㷢ֲݲԵûֲݾûԵݣָʺꡣ
ɶ²˵ͺ¿ʲô
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⻰Ͼܾ棬Լڲϵǰһļ䣬֪ʲô˭ȥ˲Ǳ¶Լ𡣡֮УͣͰﰳˡ
үãϴθðʱ㻹ꡭܼҵ¿ڴǿǲǲ̫ã
Ϊ󣬶ҰõĲǸȾҪǼ˸Ⱦô죿ιιڳȥǸӣʲô㣿
Źܼȥˣͺ¿鿴˿սˡ
ܼһˣ˵ѷӸˣŹ̽ˡٴùܼȥߣûŹӸߣֹӺˡû뵽ǰϵôãô̽Ҳôʧܡͨͨˡ
ԺĲݳҪ緹ˣҲŸոճãͣϢˮġ
ӶԺȥҪŽ߻ʱһ߳Ӧ̽䲡ĳһˣˣùܼҴˣԼˡ
ڿҪҪתʱǸѾкˣλ̨ýȥˣӹܼлͣûһӣ
һϧ
סˣ⻰ϢҲ̫˰ɣ
˭ģҾǰҶʶ㾹Ȼ̽ҵģ
ڶûУֱ˵һӵġ
ð䲻ò뵽Щ˿ͷ̽ģʵ뿴һ޵ĵһӡ
ղŻ˵˲ʧأڲ֪ʧܵúܳˣ
޷롣ϺƵضЦ˵
λ֣ͺˣ棬ץסܼңʵǲǰЩ˳øֽҰ
ǡܼԺүǷӻ
ЦһԺЩߣһ
⸱ЦӣܼҾȻӣ̫ˣ̲ס˸
æͷӦǡ
緹ȥ˶ԺˮءˮɡݣҲˮݡˮڶҲãҪҪһɡݵɡõɡ
ָˮһɾôҪᵽԺסˣ



27 ͬӡ

Ժ°ָӵмĲݲҪҪŵԡ
ﵹ֣Ž׷ɱԼţΪⱻԼ壬ԼһˣôԼԭ
ԺѾþûסˣ̫ɾǲҪˡȻȰ˵ȴǱء
ã徲һЩҪȥμӿԣҲҸĵط飬ȻҲȫ俴ˮļ˰Ѵˮݸص˵ͷ
⻰ʱðɣʲôȫڹýȥ׷ɱ顣åسԼ·¶ˡⲻû󴳷ĨԼֱˣһåֳһؿοûһȻôƵҪˣ
Բóѣ簵һѾ
ѽɾϲǾͰɡ㰲ĶҲһ¡תͷԺѾͷ˵̣ȥʰҲס
ûɣҲҪסιιһˣһݣҪҪǹˣˮҪ㻳
¶ĵİ۾һת˵ӣ̫ˡ
¡絭˵
ӵĻӰ
Уܼ˵ֹɭɭġ
һ¸ҵˣûӲݳ̫ïʢţ˵ɾڣ¡
ƽʱҪ仰Լ˵ǿ󣬵ô仰Ӧйץ㣿
ؿǣҪȫ
нȫ羯ؿŰ䣬뺦ң
˵ᣬҪǷֿסͲˣҪǰҲǲԺ󻹻ᷢԿԲԣΪȰҪɶɶóˡ
Ӿؿ˵н
֪нͻᷢڶ飬಻á
ڶΣȻûģнߣݺݵصһۣȻֱתߣͽӣڰԼһҪСģͽѾ׼ڶ͵Լˡ
ڵһһСŮߣԸҪЩ͵ˣúõأҪŮˣôˣ
ƺæȥŪҽһׯҩˣ̶ѾͷûһͿʼᶫˣ˼裬ǰѶ¥ȫɾƣҪռ¥ˡ
̣˵ԺֹĸҽסѾͷϡ
ˣһ𣬽һүҪŰ𣿡
ͷ⵱ȻģȥһЩʮϵĴ裬һһҸ㣬ֺܺµӣ
һߵСѾͷЦˡ
һһɥСѾͷˣǻʵүô죿
ô죬ȻȰӲҪȻ˵
СѾͷֵʣүǸô
һǳʲôģģɭɭ仰ĿֲԣСѾͷ˸ս񿴹һŰ䡣
һӰסһ𣡡ǣӲģ˵ҪһģɥˣϤ֪Ǹ˵ˡ
⻹ףϰʵҹҪģǰѶһЩôʰһЩϾҪסҲû˯üͷ⡣
СѾͷ۾һһЦȻһˡ
һ¥ϴСѾͷ϶Ĺţȥæ
ˣǰɨ갡
˵ǻ𣿡
һͼˡְѰҵ˸Աһ֣Чʷһ롣˸Ĵָ̺гɾ͸еһЦ
ˮǴĻˮˮˮѸҶߣܿͿ˳ص׵Ķʯ峺סڳӱߵԺǽһ鳤εĴʯͷҪǰᵽˮУôͿʯͷˣߵɡ°빦
кǿ׳ľʯͷ˷ŵˮм䣬Ϲ⻬һ棬Ȼһӡðɴһ۾סߵʱҲʯͷġ
Ҫʯͷ¸ӡܼ򵥣ɽʱһͿˡͺ¿Щɪ
ǲŪˮأ뿪˶Ժȥԭķ䣬µķ񣬰ֻҪһŴһӾ͹ˡܵø˿ҪƷҲҪŵ
˷䣬ģ˰鶼װᵽǱȥæµ£ҲһʥӶ࣬һҰʷ־һЩҳŵʫּĦһ£дּͬ
իޣ鲻֪
ֻ֣ͣȢޡ
һһոһգɧͷԡ
εڵأﶼࡣ
һֳϾȻһ״ʫЦˡȢһԲӣΪˡ
ֳһӣһʰˡ
֮ǰԺĲѾˣ¥һ¥ҲʰˣЩļҾѾȥźˡ¥ֻʰһ䷿䣬ûʰãҾʲôĸûаȥ
߻ѾˣԱ߿ŵظŶԺֹ顣
ֻһ仰ү˵ģ
ʵصͷ
˵йôҽȥס練һ䡣
仰̸ˡ˶¹ү˵Ҫʲôƭ˵ġǾ˵ûˣ
Ҫ߿ˣæ˵ûʰãû˯
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ҪߵĽŲ۾̣һʱоеܶ͸һ㣬һһ漴Ժȥ
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һԵת䣬ƽشкɾȥԷˡ
ʲô
극󣬰صңҪ˯ˣһȥѾˣȻڵӣʲôѵ޲ɣ
ѵҪ밳Բĸ̲סһ¡
ϵһĳֳڰıǰ棬˵˯䣬˯鷿ȥ

Ҳͬ⣿Ӣıӿ
Ƴ󣬡̣š



28 ϴֻܰ㵽һˡ

ϳˣ
ռȵûеİ
Цãصһ֮鷿ʰúܸɾܣϢ齣͸ɳһҪɳ϶ȹˡ
ڴŮʤЦУѵԼ˯ɳɣԼҹҪȥһء
ذѵŸϣԼѾ˯ˣҲ˰˵ңѾߣŴ򿪷˳ȥ
Ժӵˮرߣһȥʯͷ
ԱɢɡݣʹˮΧڵŨҪ˼֡һڴʪˮֵĿ˫ڵ˸ӡ
γһĸѹӿ˸ѹ档Ҫһ࣬ǸϲȻٶȲͬն
æƽǧϣоԽԽǿڸоһϸ˾С
һֻõһ㣬ǰܣսȥһԽԽ֣ԽԽлûľȥһСصԭ㣬һһϢ屩
ϲط֣ﵽһ㣡һĵһȼǺ׾ʹﵽģɽͨʱͿԴﵽںȴʮ궼ûдﵽû뵽Ŵֻϣʹﵽˡ
⵱ȻҲѾϤԭ·ˡٶȣҲҪһܵʱһ㣬ɡҩԼٶһ㣡
ۣæþһžС죬ȹ˾硣
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ϴһ£ÿԵҹ¡
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Ӽ棬ֻܵղŰվĵطҿ˿쳣ֻҷ͵ĿҹһͷʲôУ˼ô죿ߣ
سһƬڴϲ»˳ײԼԴ󷽷ǰߣõġ߹֣תһŪһǽһͽһ԰档
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լǸֱϵҾסĵطӦþסȻ֪סһ䣬һһҲ¡
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ٴ׵ƯҲǺÿġһҪȥŪ֧ˢãڿ⸱ӣˢ뷨ˡ
оֵֹģɾϾȻϿˢˢʲôÿģôԣ
Ҫ죬׽飬ͿҪˡоСĳɾ͸С
뿪󣬰ԺһȭҪȥ緹Ϳ˺ʹҪ¥ȥʰ䡣Ҫֹסûпˡ̾һֻܽˡ
ܼңƼӽˮرߣѷʯͷĵطסߣҹʱҲ±
Ƕ˵ϲ֮ҪҲûʲôܼҺܿʹӦˡ
ȥͣѾȥˡ߰䣬˵Աëᵽð䲻Ҫڼš
תۼ䣬뿪̼ҵĵˣҧҪżһ¶ϣëҪҡʾ֪ͣû£ȥҽ鷿óҽ
峯ǾװģһܰչܼҾʱѾһֻһۣ͸ȥۻػڸǿӡ
ҽҽߣϰЩҽ飬ÿһжҪϰΣĿֻǰ漸ֶûͷˡ
ܼ̲ס̾һȻȴ֪䱾ļͺãһ㣬ѾʶȻС۾ѾһɨͿ԰ݶӡԺһһֵȥ˽ڣǿʶ÷ᣬʶһɨͿ԰ݶӡԺ
Ȼ֪ܼҾʱ̾һȴȫ⣬һһط
ܿϷ˼ʮҽ飬ϵ鶼Ϳһ롣ʱĥԺеݡŴҽͺҽȻкܶ಻֮ͬ˸ЩǺѧû͵ģǴɽİȴ֪ǶԵģȫܹˡ
֪˰죬˼ٵĽŲү͵㣡



29 ТС

ף
ԺΨһӡ󣬾ǸһǮھӡ￩һ
£źȥ
ſڣһ鲼ȵǸھӣͷ󺹣䣬غ䣬һڴү
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ܼһҲˣæǣ䷭سǶȥ
ʱŽһǰǳҧã˳ȥ˾ǰ䣬ɲ߶ܵӼҸǰʵߵҹүȥʲô
ܼҲʶҧԥҪλشԱߵ˵ˣүﱻ˴ˡ
ҧǻ𱬵ӣսݵֵܾȻ˴үںڵɱð˳ֵܣˣ
ݺݵسƨɣƨɵĻɳ۶ȥ
ϵʱһȦΧţֱӳȺŵΧɢȺм䣬wͷڵϣȭͷһһشĺϣwźͷŶһǷŵĶ֣wͷҲ鲻æԱвһοݣߣ
ҪһֱײwͷײȥҲײǰһֱǰݳ˹ȥ廬ȥ
תȥѾˣӵһľƵ߹ϴûűסָɣ
Ǳߴݵľɧӹһӣһףһȭ߳һλϡ
һľڵϣڵϣϺΡ
ȭͷشϡ
ѽŷſwţ
ŵݣҲΧ˹ȭͷѪ໲ҽУȴ䰴ģҪˡ԰ȭӣǰȴûɿһȭһȭȭȭ⣬Χ˶о¡
˭۰ˣϳˣ洫һȺ֮С
ҧһ֣ץס˾ӡ


е˾
ҧȺЩ˸ǳҧһ֮һץӵϣģҪһٳҧȭšܿ죬Щ԰䶯ֵˣҧӷˣǴڵˣû˭վ
֪߷һ㣬Ȼһȭһȭشϣƺǰⲻɡ
ܣˣҧ绤޺վڰߣ˵
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ŵڵϣӻûбȹĵ˻޺
վԶʱ򲻵òվܹ
wŷwͷվΣ³æҪ䣬ҧס˵ǰүǶصĳҧ𣬸պͰΪֵܣ񣬸ɵܰһݣ
˵ĳԱ⣬䣡wͷŰ仹ڴ̫Ѫˣһȭȥ۾һ¡
𣡡ҧֹҪǲöֻܳӣ򣡡
ϱŵŴ͡
ǺˣȻ˵Ļܹˣ䣬ſȻҪˣ
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ҪȥˣǸߴĳҧһվס·ּȴ޿κΡ
ҧҪȥù˵wͷϣҧҲù˸ʹˣûа취ˣ˽سﱨȥ
ҲһʱŻٲû뵽Űʱ䣬йٲˡ
ҧһһⲻǹٲǾæѻڴ˵İһȻſһߵwͷߡ
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Уӥ︮˧ʲžӥѪȥʵף
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ҧһү⻰ʵòˣǱ˭ģôһΪα򣿡
һ˵һȭͷϵѪ۾ϵѪΪΪˡ
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վں棬ųҧԼǲ̫ģֻ·ģ㰽䷸Ҳܣǹصܡ
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ԩүwͷ·ϣͻȻѰҵţƵˮˤȳȡִۣˣŴǰӴˣǲǿĶӣӲǱӣүҪΪſ޵
Ϊǿк𣡡кȵˣ£
Ц˻ܰţƵ⻰ҲţҧЦ
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߻سǵİ·ϣ׷Ĺܼң䱻ٱץ򵥵ʲô£æܻȥˡ
ҽڲڼңֻܴӼҡ



30 ţ硿

ø˵ĸоɡ
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лһӼȭ˵мȷʵӥ︮ҩĲɹسǰǶŹͰѺˡ
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ȻûУ˵ƾţƵģ֪ɫһ壬ˡ
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漣鷢ˣʹ˳̵ľûܰţӲŲһ
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ʱҲڵˡ
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ֹҲˣţҪǲƽģǰǣͻ˴ԣҵţǰүƣǣģ
Ȼ֤ݲ̫ȫ棬̫ȷԼͬģû֤ݣҲܷ񶨡
ȻԼţ﹵wͷж
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ͷţҲˤȳˣţˮվˣæ˵
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ɫһ࣬˵һˤͷţһȣ
ǰȫƵͷˡ
ɫˣŵʱ˹ȥˡ
˵ɵûҧſѪڣЦ
һţˤģŹﲢڴС
˵󣬿
Ϊ֮ġ
Ȼ뷨ͬʱеĹŴТ˳йصжӶ
Цʣ˧ΪӦΣ
ȵѾ·֮̡˵
ͷãȴʮ壬ӷȴʮ塣
û飬֪ͬˡ
վ˳˵Ǵˣ
ҧվ˳˵
жԳҧһָ



31 ɽʿ塿

һ㶣ǹԳҧġ
ҧһЦ˵û˶ǰģ
˧֤ǵȻдһӣˡ
ڣĸŴذһңȵ
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Ѿ¶ˣţˤȳȲwͷΪȻҪ˵
ͷתȥοˣͳҧʺãʰ䰸Ľչɾˣǰ棿ˣɷؼң
ţղžǳǰģɲʵһĵ񣬡ղѾ֤ˣţԼý﹵ģǰүƵġҪ׷Ź飬¹ذү򣬰λ˧ȴ˵ǴҪϳʹ硣
ˣɫһ䡣
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תȥվһߵУ˵˧֪Ҹտة
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ѾһδտةΪʺá˵
ԵɣҲʰǽ˽顣뵽ռңռңң޼ңҲΪɽĴʿ塣ҵŮǽҵͷвҪ̫ݡ
бȭ˵лӵĺ⡣
ת˵ڴˣΪβ̣
ǲҵӡ
ﶼһ£һ֪ҪԼˡ
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Ϊ˾ȸ˵
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Уһһ˵ɲⷢӣ赶ɱˡ
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к磬Űʵ˭˭̣Ҫ
͸֮
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ǰ棬мغһߵǰ棬˵Ҫ԰ӣ
ɵһųϣžžžسһһ塣
俴Űϣָ÷ס
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Уӳ֮ڶҪɱˣ
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磬ɺãеʵ
ҧ֣ʲôˣðΣ
ߵеǰ棬мغһ
еɫúѿ
Ժ˭Ҹܰһ˹ȥǸҧȥҧվ쾮м䣬
ϵķŻݣ˳ҧʮ徹Ȼһɶе㤡ԺҪǵˣǼﻹ˰
˵磬ؼң
ãҧߵwͷwǰ˵ɵ԰ӿ⣿
⣡wͷͷ˵
ҧסwͷ˵⣬ǵĶˣǻؼҡ
סwţһȥ
ӣ˧ҩĲɹ飬㲻Ҫ߰
ͷûлأһŵıӰصӼҩĽȱֻ㲻ӥ︮󡣡
ϲǻ˵𣿡
еȻˣǶķɫɸѿˡ
ŰһѾתſڣɫˡ
˧㿴Сʵ
ߵѵӼңûҩĿ𣿸ҩ̹
һΪ֮ɫǶĲȥ
ܳȥˣЦнȥȲϢ
ųҧصͣ˵磬£㿴
û£ҧں˵
ɫ˵翴ֵܲɣ氳ԵİӣҲҪ֤¡
Ѿ˹
ҧһЦ˵ˣֵǸСҽ
ˣطԸ
ҧ·һ⣬¶˺ʵǿ׳ıʱһһ󲿷ƤѾѪˡ
磬ֵܼˣ
˵
룬ҧĺ룬ÿһ룬һ˿ҧڣѪ
ʮ󣬰Էɿַ˻ÿջһ룬˻
ǰڶкջ󣬻ڳҧڣЩкҧ塣
ҧоһҪ
ڰֻҧģžžžһ
󱳱ԽԽ죬ͣʱֻһƬͨ졣
wͷ˿ţڻɰǲºˣȸղѪʱкء
ϸĵ绹Ƿ֣֮ǰĵطѾˡ
Ǻǡҧվչ˫֣ȫĹͷȻ˾ò˼飡
ҧת԰˵ֵܱʵ˵ã
⣬ղŶͷ΢ڵɫҪǿ˲֪ٱ
ʱָܼųҧĺ󱳣үĺˣ
ȥȻĺ󱳵ĺɫ٣¶ͭɫƤ֮ǰûһ
ʱǶ̲סҽ档
Ǻǣֻڼ˴ѧѡץڣ˵
ѧı£ҽҽ
ɵӵģûʲô͸Ƕϣһأһ󷿼ǶסһϹһܡ֤ԺҲû˸۸ϣҧ˿סéݷᶨ˵



32 Զҳ

硣
ܣǰһƬТģҧסҪ˵İ䣬ҪӶϵׯȥס·Զ㣬԰žҪｨӸϡҪҪܾǰʲô磿
ҧ֪׸Ҫĸӹܵ˵ָָ㡣ȻԶܵı£ﻹøĸסéݷ۸ǸɶӣЩͲᱻָˣһҪֵТġ
磡һȭ˵
飬ˣԺǧٱҧġ
ҧһЦ˳̶£ȥһغõģҪɵｨӣ
̶Ӧһȥ
û׼ʳ罫ͣԺõģ˵
׼ѺһЩ˸ҧһ١
峯Ĳʽǿܼ򵥣Ҳܵһ
ζֻܿʳĵ
ȻʳҲ̣ˡ
䱾ʳﲢֻҪܳԵýھСŴΪģһжںԾûԼĻʳ
Ϊ˳лҧһ֡
⻰˶ȴЩ졣䲻׼ҧԷһ㡣
ֵ֮ʳܳԾУҧˬ˵
ֵ˵ɾѾ׼ˡڼеţ빫һȥɣ
ţ䵱Ȼԡ
ë˵Ҫңǳ󣬶ûӴء
һ˹wͷwͳҧ𣬰һһӼҶȥ
ëѾӼҺݲˣڵȵ˰˵Ļ
ӣĳԼëм
ʱë˵ȻȼǱǰҪõöˡ
ëתóңҽ
ǵðķԸ˵ҽ´ң
˵Ҹδ飬ɾΪ£
˵仰۶Ű䡣
ҽڼңҪ˴Ϊ¡βˣһҲԭ
Ҳ飬󷽵ؽӹ
ӼѾ׼磬һϯ
ëڷϢҧ˵͸һõԺӣʡ£Ǵ¿ܼҳˡ
ú˶ϣʵˣæô죬ҩĲɹˣ
⼸̰ڣڰ㶨ˣһ仰ͷˣ䲻ɱССظжһ¡
ռңҪǲһ԰ġССزһˮ
ðɡӣ˵ôǸл塣ǰǰԣû㡣
Ҳǰţ˵ôʲôЩֻҪҪҾˣɲܵʳ̴ԡ
ǰѸղŰĻҪԷˣԵúӼҼˡ
ôȥ׼ˣ󡣡վ¿ɱˣھȥҴȥ
Уȥûһ˰亰󻢵
˫ֳ°ͣü˼һ鷿ñдһţˣȥأŽү
ӡȥˡ
үҩóȥ򣡡Ű䱨ãȻ˵
ҩƤƤ˽ǣݹڹŴʱǵɲҩõġ
Ӽҽѧңҩ̣ⶫȻٲˡ
һӣǾüģ
ʳ⣬ΪԸȥԼ˳ڳľУԴսٶȣѳһжˡ
ŴطûʲôӣȻͺܱȣܻˡ
ԭʼȥˡ
ª־Ͱѳˡ
Եĵطһ򵥡
ûûӣûʲôǡ
ûϣղŴѾ˵ˣҩʵá
ûζ첻ˣ档
ⶫҲûϳ顢³ˡⶫ´졣
һƺڲĶ˲֪˪ᴿðҲ֪ܲⶫ
ò峯̫ȱˡ
ҪŪһ̺ŹǸҧ𳢳Ƕζ˽ǰ첻ˡ±ŹǣǴŹûġ
类ܹմӳ˵ɾԶҳ
Ӧлһ䣬ʱһڷæԽ磬ȥԸֽ⡣
ŹǣＹ⣬廨ʱźãĺࡣĸдá
翴ŰֻǷԸûԶ֣Ҳû˵ʲôˡ



33 
2013Сʱףҡ˵ʲôأøӣɹıȥʧܵĲҪԼźĲȻ2014ףңԼҰҺޣܽΣ˷ѵ塣

Ը谾ʱ򣬴ŹƤϹʱ򣬱翴ˡ
Ҫҩ˭ˣַһĶƤƤ˽ǣݹ۾ɴһ¡
ҩı飬ʹзֶμôץҩ˵
ָһ°䣬ү˵Ҫˡ
ˣʵ벻ףҩˣ
˭˵ҩһҪҩģԲҲʳԡ俴̶Ѿͷˣ˵
һźẒ̌⻰ãʣүӣ˵𣿡
תͷһߵչһС飬ź档ǸѾͷ
ӣҩƹ㡣¿ܼ˽˵
Ƿ߷߲ƽı飬ͿԿҩƹΪʲôˡӼܳ¾ӪҩĲɹȻƣܲϵġ
ΪһʱǼ磬˲ɹȥ󲻺ð죬ֻѹӼˡ
ô
˳ȥıӰЦЦ
ųȥ̶ܽˣ˵үɿһԺ䣬ȥ
ҧЧʻߡ
Ը˵İѸʳİ±ã͸ų̶³ȥˡ
ͱԵϵһߵأһʽԺӣ߸䣬ֻǸСԺ
ΧĺᣬשԺӿν߶˴ϵΡ
ҪǣԺӻǱġһʣسһðԺӡ
䵽ʱ򣬳ҧѾȥ̵Ϣˡ
羰ʲôã̫СˣҧվſǰһֲһǺ°ͣ˵
ͷ֣ĺһμʱ˲١
Ժӣס˵ôСҧǸúܰׯСԺӱˡֻ´󲿷ַׯӱС˵˰ɡ
ɡ䵭˵
ҧͷţ˵̵ʱСԺӣǸϸ׹ģԺδãϸ׾ˡǸ޸ˡ
ɽТࡣ
ɡ̼ҵ˻ˣߵ˵λ涼ùܼҸϰˣ˵˭Ҳ
ТΪȥĸ׽ԺӣԸҲпԭġ
ǳҧ͸ɵҲТȻܵõǻˡ
ȥȻôţҧһ棬ʨӺ
ҪסǿŤĹϲΪԼТģܲñʧȥ˼׵ԺӰɡ
ָȥǰĳҧԼͣˣΪһ
ûһӵ˴ӳ̽ͷųҧ𺰵ȻǳԱ⣬ĳ³çʲŲ֪ǳԱ⵽ˣԭ¡
һǸš
ҧվ˫һ棬ͣ
ϵ󣬳ҧʵ˭ôļţһ涼
ڨЦᣬ֪ǳԱˡ
˵Ժ㲻ҧʵ
Ц͸Աˡ
ҧЦ˳ţáιɵģ׼˳ĸи㶫ص飬㶨ˡ
ллԱ⣡ϲ⡣
䣬ȭڴˣͳԱǣ
ǰܡҧܵ
ŶԭǶүԺǶ߶߶̺ǺЦ˵
ҧЦԺӣһһ˵ԺӰҪɵסģΧһƬأʳǡ
պʮĶˮһֱûĹһ͸Աˡ̺ܹȵ˵
ϵı飬ͳôණƺһۡ
ҧæֵֻ²Щ档
ߵſڣ˵һܼҾԿ׹
˵䣬Ϳһͷܵ÷ɿ죬ǰ棬Կ׺һŷ
ٻȥһˣʮĶˮĵһָȥЩ
ͷæܻȥˡ
̴ԺţŰ˽һȦӼһ治ȵҹܼһˣҧɳ̶¸ȥѷһˡ
һæ꣬ƨƨߵˡ
ԺҾ߶УˣֻҪ˰Ϳˡ̸ղ˵Ҫ˹ʮĶˮҲе軧ֻ֣Ҫͺã˼ҵԺˡ
߳ԺӣسǶȥ
Цĺӳˡٳһ硣
ҧ°һЦ˵Ҳ˵ŲҪ룬ˣûҪͰõӹˡ
һʣˡ



34 Ԫ

صӼңѾǰˡ
æȥ
ܣҪ³ҧŭѵ׸ô¼
߬ȭͷؿڴһȭ˵³磬ϵųԴǰĿθ˰ɡ
ǰĿθˣҧԺˡ
ѾˣµЧʲ
үСѾˣҪܴáүҪĴЩΪѵ˵
Ѿһ鲼Χϵİ䣬ûպͣһͷ͹ˡӺͳˮϴһϻ¯ˮˣˣϵ͡
Ϊʱţֻ򵥵Ĳˡ
ʱӳ˾²ŹǸһݣը飬㳦ΣѾˡ
ѾΧˣõİʿˮһƬһˮˡ
ôô㣿ҧ
wͷũ񱾼ңͷζûŹôģ
wŲŵ˵ôôζ
⳴ε£ŵ˸ζ
˳ȥ˷£˵˲
ǰ棬ϲеʳǳԲģܶһζⱲҲȥˡ
ҧ뵽ղŰ˵ĻʵǶҪĲˣ
ǣһȻҪúÿЦһ¡
䣬ʲôʱĲˣwŲʡ
ʵԭû͸ҲᶮڵǼ򵥡
ţƵ˵лƽݣǴѧġ
ƽݶУʲô
wͷw϶¶ԺУöӶ飬ûд
ҧ¶˺֮ɫԼôûжأ
ܿȻһλֵڣʳԼθ
˶˵˴ٴ˺䶯
˻ǵһμɫζȫĲˣ𾪡
ղ˵ҪĲˣʲôʱˣһôãԼûĸĲˡ
ӹȻǸˣëȭ
ҲҪϯ˵ҿƷһ°ա
ٲǳԣ֪ҪǶٴʿˮˡ
⻰̫ԳҧĿζˣһЦӺ棬һ鼦飬ӣβ¹ͷ
wͷϾнţëĻηҧԵˬ졣
ʳջ£໥вˣȻŵٶȴëȻÿһ궼еúܶ࣬ߵ춼
һյʱ䣬ϵĲ˾ͱɨˡ
ϵĲ˵ʣһ롣
ⶼͨˣֵôҪǺЩƵŪľ²ȣͷԽȥˣ
֪ʮ궼ڳʳˡŽ˳Եҧδ˵
ë˸Ĵָñ£
wͷ
˵ȷʵǺóԡ
⵹ѵãǰýء
֪ںûҪǰˣͳԲˡ
вˣԲ˼ȱ˾ƣܾˣ˵
˵ܾˣҧ뵽˵Ŀθˣɻ˵ôõĲˣǶ˵Ŀθˣоƣô˵ûƣ
ŲǰĴҪʲôġ
֪ˡ
ʱ˶Ųˣҧֿʼµһַơ
һɨ˵ӣſһ˿޺Ҫү
ŵط¿ӣʵʲôˣôϹүˣ
ӼҵĲˣȻѡҽûоӼҵĴӼһмҽͽŵģ˿ûġⲡȴңϰˡ
˵͵ҡ˵
ǲ
ѵ˵ȺӼҽô
źӼҽ£ھȣǲǿӼ̫۸ˡ
Ǹߣܼ¿˵
ת˵ӣȥ
ûлشܼҵĻʰ䣺ɾҪδ
ߣȥʹ࣬Ҳһ¡
¿ӣȥ
໥˿Ȼ᲻ʳǸ˳ȥ
ſڣֻĸǰһ򸾹ǰǺ棬һŰȳôģȻ߻谵ԿŰѪ
ŰԱߣмͼףо
˹޺˸סˡ
ʲôʲôСҽŵô죬ˣ
ЧϱˣЦض԰˵ţղ˵κ˳Աĺˣñţ˺˺ü򣬶˵κ˶ӾҲһ磬ûףɲܶϺˣҽ뿡žһ
ɲ˵wȿȥˣվ˳˵ԩҵʱôûվ˵ԩ˰ңҰβߡ
⡭ƿԡ
Ź޵wɩɩǰԣ֪ˣǾȰһɡţţˡ
ûлش𣬾վ濴ʹ
شҪ˵û취ǰҲûΡ
⻰ʵʵ˵ҽţҲܱǰһʱ˵ûˣӾǱضģҽҲûϰ
һ۾һڣȥ
æס
áȻ۵ȴѵģˣĸ׵ˣɳƵذ
һֱڿϷģʽİ䣬ʱ򿪿ˣ𣿡
ŷһ㶣Ҳһ㶡
ֻŶӾ飬ȴ֪ϲϣҪ˿ٲεĻ硣䵭˵ûдסôֻаˣܱס
Ŀѯʵؿ
˵ҪԹɡ
ɫͰ׵ʱɫǲҰ׵
ĸĸҲŵòᡣ
ֻ´ʱʹѡһӴûйİɡ
֪˶ãŴӷ׵촽ĳ֣
ˣ۵һʧصؿˡ
俴һۣŶ˵̧ɡ
ڣ˶û뵽Ȳ˵ûҽԵ±Թľٶˡ
ŷ򸾴ڵϣ֪ˡ
ϳɾѹ̧ȥ
ҧһЦܹȻǷˣ
ڹܼһ䷿ŮˣĿӣȼһƬѪģ
һ룬˵ܻܲͿһˡ
룬ش̽ƬѪһ壬޸ڿмһС̧ͷ
ҧ𲻸Լ۾ˡ
𾪵Ҳ˵ˣңУ󣬺󡭡



35 ͬ

һǧлùܼһų¿ǡ
Ҫ˵밽ĶԹ仹治ϡ
̫Сһ۶û
Ǻwͷн仹治ܻ֡
ȻɱǿǵԺwͷwŵûɱҪ
мwͷһңҲڵ²۸ˡ
ñȾˡ̲ס˵ŴˮûУ˵壬ʺĵط׸ȾҪһȾˣɾҪˡ
ҧһ°ļ˵˵ʲôأҪ˵㣬˿Լõˣ㿴һΣǺģһһΣ
죿ЦˣֻʬˣͲˡ
ֻܱ֤һҲ¡
أˣȻǰֵܣҧԺ§˰ļ
ֵûѷչӣǻȥʣ˺󣬳ҧҪͰ˯һ䷿䣬ֵ顣
Ŷ𣬲ǰغѶϰɣ
ͬڵˣԴ˱ı顣
Ѽϼˡ
ҪҧһٴͣҪϰҡղųԷʱѾͶˣȻϲ˼Ǳͳҧ˵ˣȥܶ࣬Ҷ˯
ҧҪͰ˯һô͵еѡˡڰᵽ˶Ժסһȴռȵ˯Ĵܲøҧ˯ɣǾͰѶԺ񶨵ˡ
ԭķ䣬һֱǰһ˯ģᵽԺֻһЩüҾߣⷿ䲢ûпţָܼˣȫסǾͶˡ
һͲסԺˡԺǹԺȥסΪ䣬һ׳Ϊ˲˵ڰ䲻¸ңҲеëëģټֽѾ̶ۣϵػԭķסˡ
үڴ˵ǻǶ࣬˴С˵𣬹˵һ˸˵ӡһһ֡
ҧ԰ֵһµļ⣺˵ܣĥ֣ԽԽһֶĽ
ţ
ص˵Ķܽа䣬ʱ˵ôˣеóˣ䡭ҧϳ
ء
ðⲻǽ
֣е֣֮ǰʱ;ˣڲ֪ԭǹ
˰һŹЦ
һʵΪ֪ڴΣ
ҪҪ֮һֺõúܡ֪ڲʶʱڣҲ̫ҡҧ֣¼õ֣ҪߣҲҪߣ
ų֪ڵǰҧͬѧţĻЦˡ
ǼȻڣ±ĳҧ緢е
֪ʷϳҧ߸կΪ˵Ĵ֣Ϊ֪ʱܵʲô
Գҧǻбҧȴ޻˵ŻԽԽ룬ʼȰȻﺬ˵ʲôԼԴԺһͷصġɵӶóð䲻ҪΪ׸ݶԱ³顣ʾüһЩϵĹϵ߷չ˵̼ҵҲǰġ
ȻżȻҲؽʶ˳ҧ𣬵ǰȷʵССжˡ
һĵ˱ң˼԰߸կ˴֣һֲҰȻԳҧˣ߸կҲÿǴʱȴ뿴һʷٳ֡
´ƣкοϳҧĻʵ
ҧһ㶣漴Цºû޹أٻҲܱһҳԸ±
Ϊһв׼ֹ뷨ƽٿ࣬Ҳ಻ȥ
粻ˡƽ˵
ҧ𰲾һ˵ͫ϶Ȱϳ̻Ҫ𱩣̫ͣһӣͰ³֮صжʮҳٵÿܱڲֺͺβڶ֣ΪЩ֣˰ءǰ³ơٹ꣬͵췴ˣ
Ҳֵֻǰ췴һʲ˵óڡƽҲ˵
ʣ㶼֪Ҫ췴ˣֹۣ
췴췴£غԼȻӡҧĵõ˵㣬ֵܣⷴɲϹ֣ĻطǱ͢ƽˣ췴ǻȫҵ飬ܸ֣
ҧ˼άͣСģ췴ĸϣûĩũϴȫɽڵĵطûһ˰ŵĵطݳҧ⡣
ʱҲǳҧô꣬һʱ䶼
磬Ҫսˣ˵Ҫô죿
ֵô˵Ҫ˵ǵȻؼңҪزסʹӡҧʱоЩͬʼ
ҪŰĻλȥ󣬾Ϳʼ׼ؼҡֱ۾
ҧһ£ǵ˵ͷ˵á
ûʣǳĬʼ˼Ļ׼
ڶһ磬ǰԺ˹
һ¯棬߸ߵһƮ˳
þƣҧ𱻾ջ˹ܽ̾һ
̫ˣ˯ûİ䣬ܺãˡ
ҧ𿴵䣬û⣬һЦʵʲôƣȻô㣬ûŹ㵹ǻ˾ϲ
俴ƿѾˣæľͰŵžơ
ƣһô糢˾֪ӦǴϲģ
˵޾ƵľƣȻ֪ûǰ˵ˡҧڴؿǲϵγľˮ
Ũľ㣬ˮγˡ
ͬˣŶϹ߸ߵ֪Ūʲôˡ
Ǹ˲پȣͻȻҽˣֻơһ̲ס룬´λʲôľϲ
ʲôƣ㣬һڣⱲҲֵˣëϤ󣬶ڰҲûоˣ˵
ҪѾľơ
ҧɲˣȵɲǰȸ˵õģһڸȺȣ
˵ţæǰľͰľͰľˮðݡ
磬ܺȣǾͷ壡æֹҪˣȻǿ׳ʲôƾжֻ»ͷϰ졣
壿
ͷѣһľƾͲˡһͰ滻ȥʱͷȥˣľƲġ
ˮڲϵصҧŰ䣬˵ֵܣ뷨
Ѿ濴̻
ϻһЦ˵ͺá
ã㰲źõģҧһЦ
ǮܵģûǮȴܵġû˼ȥŪҵϵ飬гҧȥԳҧΪˣȻٲ˰顣
ԺͿ԰Ǯˡ



36 Ϊá

Ƴˡ
Թܼ˵
ܼæһùװ˾ƵľͰÿ붼һ㣬ָһԡ
ҧļӹæǱǺˣȵᶼˡ
˿ҧȳ֮СںˣҲһñǺ³
ƵĶҪʱеľƶҪߣκȻûӦ
Ҫ˵Ӧǳҧá
ĨĨᣬ죬ζǺþƣ
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ƣ׼Ĵ͡
̶±ŰѧƣԺķ֮
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ţӼûдӦôоˣֻܻȥˡ
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37 ӡ

ұﰡسſںͰˡ
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ðڳô㶼ϴҪŻǲǹҰ
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ܶгɼ飬ڴ˺ӣٽϱĻȴһûаµİշǵ˹ߣԼҪʲôðʲôûкľˮܸۡ
Ӵ˵ǿ鿴
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˽Ҳû˵ˡ
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·ûеһʱ䣬صء
ϣ˵㻰ûȥˣȻҪɱҪڵļ϶



38 ɱ⡿

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ǴŮǵȵԱˣֻŴӴˣûˡ
оضɽˮ׺ȣ⼸죬Ӽҵɽˮǳġ
ȻĵҲر졣
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39 ̡

̡̿ͣһ֪ղŷʲô顣
ѾһԺһͳǽĽһ£ﻹŮ˵ɴ滹˰ɡ
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ž
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á



40 ¡

ӼҸպһҩ˴ӳų
һš
ལǵţӡȻҲ֪ǲǸ
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41 

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42 

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43 ̼ҾƷ

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ɣɣˣ̶ԶԶĺ
൱ʦүҲ顣鳤



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ⶼþûͳԱˣʵýȣʱվλ֪һˣʵλǣ
ǰܣ䣬ұ󡣡ҧԺؽܵ
ԭǰӣʲʧ񡣡
ӣˣÿ
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һڲ裬ҧ𿴴īżɽ˵Ҳ֪ҧʲôˣһʲô飬㿪˵ɣҧģϳȥ
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أԳһֵľɫ
ˣ˵ûУаˣһ߷˰ע⡣



45 С

а
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漴׹Ǵϣôйץءֻ֣һɻʲôˣǲҲ磿
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46 ޡ

ģͻȻɵʵû°ɣ
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47 ˡ

ɫͷҪʳԱҪʱһʱ꣬Ҫȥѵˣһʵû
˻һֹ˹ӵĽʳ
Ӻܲ⣬ͣ
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Ȼ֣ճǣ񲣬ֿЦֳ裬Ҫжǰ仹ˣ̶
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뵽ų£Ҫ粨ɾͻˣǽֻ۲ȥˡ



48 ûûɱ

ʯͷ棬
ȻﲼһɡͷųҲкЩûˡȡҲռ˲
ǺǿɾͲԶˡ
ǿ糱
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ҵȥɱ˸֣Լĵں͸ȫġ
пҪɱˣѾľȻֳˡ
еõˣҪȥ̩ɽ߲
֪⼸죬ͲûȥҶ
ҶǿǱ
˵ǾͲϺȲ裬ȻѹͲȥҶġ
ҪǾͲȲ裬Ͳˡ
ȻһþͲ߻ħˡ
еԵģʱ˵ȣԺ󻹻᲻
ԣǺð취Ǿ͸һİ취
ǰȲ𣬸һЩò
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ó󳴹䰴ϱȥ￴ϱ˳İ취ȣ²Ҷת˳תΣתΣŲҶؾ֪ˡ
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49 ӨĸŮ

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ðԭ͵֮£ץһŮ˴ͺ˳ȵ
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50 ȫضˡ

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51 һС

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52 һѷɵ

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عͷؿһۣ漴ٺһЦջӡоƺġһ졣



53 

ӼҵĴţԭΪܴ
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Ҫ˵ļ壬ǾӼҡһֱˣŮ־ȫصˣһߡ

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Ϊ蹷ϱɱˡ
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⡣
һ嶯ˣôɽկĶأǸС蹷ˡʵһϸˡ
ڸյأûɱˣȻҲɱȴܾԵɱҪȺõɱȫأһʱΣ
УҪ˵һļһȻðȴʱ
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ǰϴ󲨹Ϯһֻҡ



54 Ʒ

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Ϊ䣬ĸ׽εģҧгݣ
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Ȼȫֹ飬֪ģˣǾҪ˳Ļ˵
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һڲ裬˵ôţĻȨΪҪѧϰ֪ʶסеĲҲǸߣ϶һǣЩڶᱻסǻʲô
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ƾʲôwͷȴȥˣʵ



55 ʫ

һָԴ˵ƾǻۡ
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׼ΪѰˡ
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ͽΥʦԸԻڡһڣٴ죬
˵ѧʦȻз磬ѧӦģ֪Ҫ԰Ƕ׼·Ϊ˲˷ǵʱ뾫ֱ˵ɡʦҪѰϳʦţǺܶ˶뿴ȫǣͬʦˣ
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˵
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ˣˣ
漴һЦ۵Цݡ



56 򹷹

ˣù߻ؼҡ
û뵽˸ߵĲţ骴ʦȥˡ
Ȼͷβ骶ûһ˶óҲԲϰһӣ˵Ͱһʫˡ
Ұ뿪ʱС˶࣬ӦŷЩСˡ
Ǵ骡
ǰ˺骰ѧˡ
ѵ˶˵һַԸҵ
ǰѧŰˣ
춼ˣ骲ŷ˻
ʱ˶Ӷˡ
ƽʱʱǶԱɴ§Ůˣȴûгԡ
ȴûһооֻߣ
ʤˣĸ׾;Ȳˣ
źҹȴ˷ˡ
蹷ҪɱˣҪɱ˰һҡ
ܵɪİ䣬뵽ϾҪڷ蹷ĵ£
һ뵽Ҫˣ͸˵زˣղŵķŭҲʧˡ
æ첽˸ҡ
ţٴд½ϵĲҽϱѾûܸ߳ˣܽȥȻһֻ½ϸ㲶ѡ
蹷磬ãȥþƺͲĵ˵תûõĶȻ֪蹷ү˾ƶ˲ˣ
蹷ڸıֺ⣬Цˣ½ܵˡ
Ա湻֮󣬷蹷·󵶣ȥ
˷ܣܸˣҪùˣҪʬ촦ˡ
ϣƣƬѪ½ϣһƽĿ⣬Ÿ
Ȼڸ˵½ϵͼޱȣĿȴ﷢ë
ˣ̺蹷ĸˣʲô
֮ܵſڣŷ蹷ɱ˶ˡ

˭Ű
Ҫ߻ضԺİˣͻȻнŲΪʵ
ʱ㣬Ҷ׼˯ˣʲô
ǻشǵģһ졣
ͬôľͷײһ㡣
üͷһ£оֻһˣűߵŸˣֻȻι̣вס
ȥˣ
סʱȫ˶֪ĻýС뿪ԼߣΣա
һٴˡ
飬Ĵţˡ
ſڣͬһķ蹷ֽ󵶼ڲϣ˽
վŵİ磬ײеĿɨ̲ס˸ʶ俿ȥ
ǵһӣ蹷۾ϣŮ̫ˣŨŨҪԸ½ضԸһӣ
ʱֱӶ㵽ȥ乻ߣһӲסӰ
蹷۾䵽˰ϣĿһǰ䣬ˣһҪιΪ𣡡
ԭһǶĴ磬ǾǷ蹷ˡ
үˣܼҴʮǿ׳ļҶ˳
һķ蹷ǵĺΪ֮һϡ
ȥǶĶ֡ѵߵš
⻰һ˵ٿһ·蹷µţ˶ٴ𾪡
ǶǰĶ֣Ҫɱˣ蹷ͬħһ㣡
֣ˡ
ȴס˰䣬ðա
Ƕܲˣ蹷˻ܵ𣿡蹷Ѿŵ̨ף˱ƹ
ܼҼʶ㣬蹷֣ŵˣǷ蹷ɱһʮˣСŹķ蹷ɱ˰ٶˣ㣬ˡ
⻰һ˿˷蹷ݣŵðˡ
蹷Ц˵ԭ˼ǵð蹷蹷ҪɱӼһٿˣһΪܱܵ𡣹ҪһԸ̺򰳣Ͱ
Ļ˶
û˵꣬󻢱ԺԱõһʯ׼Ժװ޵ģˣͷˡ
ʯдȴ֣󻢱ޱȣ蹷ȥӣ
ʯ蹷ȥʱͣɷˡ
蹷ЦʯˣõһӣͰʯˣһȥʯӦϡ
Ȼ簽룬һǿӲ
󻢵ʯֻʣһ׶࣬û˵蹷
Ҳ飬ʯӳȥá
Ƿ蹷һȭͷʯ飬˶˷蹷һʵ̫ˣѵӼһ
ҽʱҲˣϱܼ棬ǰ
蹷Ц
ͻȻͣӹĽؿŷ蹷
սڷ蹷ǰսһ
⻹÷蹷ͣԭΪ棬ǰˣһֻ׳ˣ
Ҳ̫Цˣʯû취˾ȻҪЦ
ʲôҲЩѿ°Сȥðա
ȴģ˵ô֪
һ˵ɣ
ϼɱǱ䣡
蹷аЦ߹
д򹷹䱨˸֣˶
׳ˣ蹷׵ľ룬ʹ򸴵
һɨ蹷蹷ֽնˣȴһһһߣʹ󵶳˷һ˴ϣ
蹷һӵ˿Ѿһߴˡ
һֱ׷ˣ˻Ǵδδϡ
÷蹷Ҫˣ̫ˣ
ܼҵȴһǿˣŪŷ蹷蹷ȴܱ׾ÿҪˣûпùܼǾúܺЦ
ԭµգһӶʧ־ҲˣЦ
蹷׷ˣֱ尽䱾ˡ
ӭ˰ܼˣȻ蹷һӲǰǲС˹ܸԭӳɵ÷蹷һһϵġ
ǣ蹷ۣýˣʹð뱣ʵʱ򣬲òˡ
һæ˺ˣҪ˰䡣
ʱ򣬲ûж԰仳ʲôֻǽ˴÷蹷ֲûпʲô
ó˿յиķչռ䣬ǿʼԾˣ蹷һ
蹷Ȼֽ󵶣ǰգгǿߣܹܿ蹷ĵ棬˴ڣû˵һ֡
蹷رǱˣмζſˣȻӲվǻǱٴδſϡ
˶ϣӼҲˣ
蹷ٱſϣͻȻ߸߾ˣ蹷ȥ
һϵʯ壬ˣһ
β鵽˷蹷ֱۣһˡ
蹷ҽУֻѾϵˡ
Ȼһſڹȥ𵶾ȥˣ
ʹˣ
˶ţˣ̫ˣ侹Ȼһˣذ嶼ˣȴš
ûӦǰ׷ȥˡ
׷ȥ


57 Ůˡ

һˣǳڷ蹷Դϣôѷ蹷ԽҲõġ
Ļ蹷ͷӼˡ
ǰûУһǷ蹷ܳȥһ󣬲׷ȥҪһ·蹷Ҫȥ
ӼǰɱˣӼ˻ô˵䲻ȥ
ǲ翴Ѫȵһ档
׷ȥ󣬷蹷Ѿˡ
ǵϵѪȴ߰ȥˡ
ܿ죬׷˸ſڣҴżˡ
Цһ̧ţһӼһҪĴţȻ̣
źҶѹˣҽв
ֱ߽ȥߵ˴蹷͸ֵŰ䡣
֪蹷ǱģΪġ
øҷ蹷磬𣬹蹷磬ɱȴûеõӦ
蹷ֻ蹷ܺµؿŰ䡣
㲻ҪҪʲôӦ蹷˵
ǰɣǷ蹷磬ôͻȻǹˣ˵Ļ
ȴû˵аЦ˽ͬѷ蹷Ӽҵһ׸طһƵġ
蹷ˣûˣ趯һأ˵ƸʢڿзХ졣
蹷ˣǻǱ鵽ˣõȥֱӱϵˡ
ĲҽУһһ˵سϣΧļҾߺӣɨǱ飬ĺۼ
ʮȥ󣬷蹷ֽѾˣȴûе£Ҫʱ˾Աһģ
蹷ʱѾ˹ȥǰ仹ûзŹ͵شɨȥٶķ蹷˰ա
Ҫˤʱ򣬰һ蹷Ŀ㵵мȥ
һ˵ˣκζֻ¶ˣ
䣡
蹷ٽڵذϣһӡ
ɵˣ⻹Լӡеų
ǸԼΪħɱ˲գ۵ķ蹷ȻһˣˣԲˡ⻹Լӡ޵еķ蹷
Ȼ𾪣ǸʶΣգתȥ
ͻȻһ飬˷Ųˤڵˡ
ĴȣоǶһ㣬Ҳվˡ
ǰܿ͸վֻվķʽһѡ
˴һֻŵĽżϣ񾭶Ȼ
ⲻվ
žžžˣͬһϣؽ衣
Ȼ԰аˮԸô򣬶һ顣
βмһ顣
飡
ˣ
÷ҵĸͻȻסˡ
һֱɱ˸ȴ˼⣬Ūκͷ蹷ɱĻᣬȻٷŹƣĲɨȥ
һȥͺ˵ݰˡ
㡭һŮ
Ӵ顣
ûкˣǶ縻ĸһ㣬ȻӨðһֱ
飬ðҾǰ
˭˵ǻ˲еϷ룿
˭˵˾Ͳܾܽ
תȥһ㲵ĳŮˣȻѪǰ仹ϳˣǵǻҵŮˣš
Ҫ˵Ҫɱ㡭
ⲻ飬Ĺ
ɡ䵭ʵ
½۾˺ͱ䣬˵蹷ǿ鰳˾ͿţȰþƸ蹷ȡ
ÿһ֣ǼᶨΣ
ҿȻ˵顣
μŮˣôлɫĳɷ֣һǰǻңڶΣһθؿζ
֮˱пɺ֮䵭˵ǰԸᡣ
½仰һ۾˹ʣ
ղŰɱ˵ʱ˳ڷ蹷븻ĵϵʱ򣬾½ȥͻȻһ۾һ˿𻨡
ڰ仰ǰһ˿𻨸ȼһƬˡ
½磬վ˺üζصȥǼֵվ£´ĴûζʱʹĸӲȡ
ߵ˷蹷ֽǰ棬ʮĴ󵶣վʱȡ
ĽŲԽԽȣ˸ǰʱѾվֱˡ
ò˵ǸԸеŮˣȻѾݲеòӣȫ¶ջ
ʱȴڰǰȥûкߡ
زѾˡ
֪ǰˡվڸǰ棬˵
ȴѰƽ˻¯󵶣ٵø߸ߣ¿ȥ
һڸϣһˡ
Ѿιȥĸܴһ۵˹

ɱһĲҽУ
ˣǷú˵˵½ϵᣬǶȴ飬ĵ־ǰȢ˰ǺôҸȴû뵽£͵Ůˣạ̃һһĸףȻҪ԰֣ˣ㿴ˣ㡭
˵һ£ñ㾹Ȼ㸸װѼȨ㣬вɹˣתˣ㸸մ˰ӡǰ㸸׵һδΪɿ
˵޴һȥֲҽһһֻնˡ
ԱĻ֪׹ʷǸһɵġһŮˡ
ŮˣʱȴǶ񶾵ģÿ˵һ£նһ£ѸֺͽնһһصģѪޱȡ
Ů˶ӦǵСģŮ˵ӴҲǺܿµġ
ʱ½ϸһ¶ûУһһ˵Ϊ檺ķͽεĴϣٵ蹷ۣ˵½ЦˣЦúܿģЦᶼˡ
ĵ߸߾ʱѸԴ롣
֣ݰˣ
ǰһԸһԼڰϣҲԸŮϡ
ʬ½ϣ屻Ѫϻմ⡣΢Ŵ󵶣վֱת蹷ʬȥ
ڷ蹷Ĵǰ棬󵶣һбȥ
ؿ˷蹷м䣬蹷ʱҵز
ԭ蹷ֻǴιȥû
һȥûˣòˣ
½ϵĵ־һбȥ
⵶̫ˣƻһһƬǰи٣СڰεģͰѵٸˡ
蹷мǲ֣ˣ
ѽѽѽ½ͻȻ裬ŵ蹷壬֮ǰܵĿ࣬ܵ趼⵶Ϸй
һֻСӴӷ蹷˳һʱ俴Ȼ֪ʲôȴʶⶫǺöȥСٶȷɿ죬ͬһ㣬ȥ׷ȥʱѾʧҹˡ
ˣû뵽蹷ⶫ֪ʲôҲµͨ籨ŵģ



58 ´½

߻˴½Ѿֹͣ˷ٶ
ģӵˣʬˡ
Ķħˣ
һʧȥĿ꣬ʧȥ˷֪ŵ廹ʲôŵĿĻʲô
ľشڵϣͬ˰ͣĿ˴ϣǽѡ
ĵؿѩ׵Ĳӡ
ʲô֣
ŵ֣ܼᶨǳȣȴˡ
ˣǴڰеһ˿еһ˿ϣ
һĴڣľˣȴûľ
µת䣬˵ū½ϡ
ƺ˵òϸð䲻⣬æ䣺ūС·硣
һʱŮˣʽ֣С͸ʺֽй澡ֵĸһֺܲʽĸо
üͷôе֣
㣬ֺյͻȻ뵽ʲô˵
½һҪܲ⣬ȴûоܾ͵´½
û֡
´½ô˻һʱ
ŮˣȻȡһ֣ȴžžžѵڤڤעģ
˰ɡ̾һ䣬ȥ
ֻ½ϿԼ˶ˡ
䱾Ŀߣǰȴûжֵģ̫ڿˡ
ȻŮ˶ֿ˷蹷͸ҪǸҾٱ䣬ԼȽȥˡ
ҲֻǴ򵹷蹷ͽѡ
Уɱ蹷ɱĿĴﵽˣҵˣûȤ֡
ȴû뵽ֻǴɶһܻƵС˵ĻһŹֵĵ٩ȴ½롣
ֻȥ½ϹڵϷ˴
ʱѾ޿һжľѾһ˵硣ǰȴһڣĻһȴռ
һš´½ʣ˺һ۾˵ľᶨаѾ˰䴫˼ˡ
¾ָŮЩ顣Ҳָ½ϵĲҵ顣
½Ȼָ½ˡ
Ҫ˵ģ֡
½ǰ棬ҵ飬ô½ϡ
ؼں
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Ҫ½ϣȻǲɱˣ˷ҲûҪɱˡ
ڸȫˣҲˣվŵģֻ½һˣҲСļҵǴ½ϵ
ˣˣ
Űȥķ򣬿һͷᶨ˵ūҴӴˣˣĹ
·ϣͻȻ˶£ȴ֪ô£ѵǸðˣ̫񰡣ԼҪǻðѵǱлҪǿвɣ
ôҲû뵽һѪӳ
½һ˿ңѩ׵մѪȴޣŵڸһһķ䴮ţ洫˲ҽ
ӸԱ⵽ҵļСŮйܼңС£һҹ½Ͽˡ
ϰ˿ڣֻ񷿵ˡ
ҹдһף׹ƺʱҪһ㡣
ɱ˵½ϣվԺӵм䣬ƽȴĬţҪԼɣ
ãû˴ꡣ
½մѪϣЩѪˮˢȥ
½ȻһǵͷԼڱϴɾѪϴˣ蹷ϵ߶Ҳϴˣ
⵱İʾ춼ԭΪϴȥĶȥȥ䣡
½Цˣ͹µתԼķȥ
Ҫȥϴ裬Ҫˣ

˻صӼҵİ䣬ܼѾŴˡ
ŵſ򶼱蹷ˣֻ²һʱ޺õģ޲
ˣæΧ˹ѯʰû顣
ˡε˵ܵϣڿͲ֪ȥˡ˰죬ͻˡ
ûӦѳӸ󻢣˵ȥʬ𼣡
ʱܳһɫӰ磬ɫŵģܳ˵Цһ
Ѹղ˵ĻظȻ翴ϵ·ͳȥһûб仯ǿϵѪﻹĻ
ߣϣ·ϣС˵ƭӡ
֪õúܣȻһ֪
Ӵ֪̫࣬׼ɱۣ
ҽ˼Ȼ򶨣ҲһֱŰ䣬ڼˣŷġ
ְѡƭӡ˵ƭһȥ١
ˣֻõȥ١
ص˶Ժȥ˯鷿ɳ꣬ҪȥҲûˡ
ҪԼ˯ɳĽడ
ŮˣȻһֱռԼķʹ̫ˣСԼܹȥҹϮ
Ȼ߶仹ϣ
Ǳߵ磬ȴþò˯
һʱ䣬ı仯̫ˣĳ̫ˡ
Եݣһӳ͵ʱ򣬿һŸɾÿޱȵȻũ
ӺǻǳĿţµĵһܰѧŮӣڶһر
ȴһũĸûĸ˵ıݣÿũæТġ
˳׵䣬׸Ĵ㣬˰Ӱӡ
ھ׵һɸѡ֮һǰУص档
ҲԼΪʲôôᶨѡԼϲʫԵӣǰһĨТ˳Ӱӡ
׺ܿͬףǶϽǰ;һǱɣȻСӳ̫ƯˣŮÿ¶ˡ
ҹʱΪԼвüԭ򣬲ͬûк˵ԭֻ˵ܶȻ뿪˶

ڶ죬˼ʱεģȻܿػָ̬ȣһ־кİСϣϻ̧ͷЩΣȴûⷽľвȡ
˳İˣ޲ˡ
һȥˣֱһ죬ܲˣֱ˵Ҫܾˣýˡ
ȴû뵽Ȼ벻ɱȥˡ
ɽɱˡû뵽Ӵ˱ˣԸˣҲˡ
ͻȻҽҺܸ˳ĸſة˽ӨĸŮֱǿˣ˳̶£˸ҼҶϻ˶ħ蹷
Щ仯ıı仯ӦǱϱˣ̬ˣǿ󣬲η
ųǸҵóʱͳ֣
б£ûһ¸ҵģģ



59 ǫǫ

Ը仯ҲǷǳĴ
ǰľͻȻ֮컬ģܻ˵һƭˡ
֮ǰǴ̶£ȳĸҳ˵ˣҲ
ǵһΣ骸ϣֳİԵгߵĲɣҲŰЩڣ֪ʵһбµˡ
Ž˷蹷֤ʵһ㡣
Щ仯̫ˣ˾޴Ĳ
е֪
һֱ䣬ᶨģ԰ǿԵʱȴ̲סҶˡ
ΪĶˣŸоţо¡
չת࣬һֱ˯ţ껩¸ͣͬһ꣡
һֱڶ壬ͣ
߳鷿һƬ£ϱϴøɸɾģз蹷ѪֻҲ˰ɣ
쵹һغ¡
ķŴˣ⵹Ǻƽʱͬʱ򿪷ţһ㡣
ʵǲͬʱŵģǽϣȴǶһǰԥһ²Ŵ򿪵ġ
䣬һ죬ȥǿ첽ȥ
΢΢ͷŮ˽ôˣ
Ůģ룡
ԼһеõˣŻȥҺ롣
ȭȥܼͣҸմܻϺܾŵӣ˵ѽˣԭ蹷Ǽܳȥȥ˸ңѸһٶ˸ɱ˸⣬ֻ˸ӵӣͲ񷿵ĸˡ½Ѿſڿҡ
һˡ
蹷ʱ򣬸ҵ˿ֻиˣûȥˡھȻһٶ˱ɱˡҪǺ˷蹷ͬ½Ů˲ܶùôӦֻһ
һǸŮˣû뵽ô

ܼûע⵽ı飬˵½˵һˣһһɳѷ蹷ˣž½һҲΪұˣ
һɣĳȣⲻ˵ĳ
ʱ⻰ؿ˰һۡ
ŮˣҰ
½һŵͷˣſˣӦǽϵʱһغˣܼҸ̾˵
ڴ£ֻǵɰ˵ѣû̫ࡣ
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⵹ûɵģӼǿ׳ܷ蹷֡ǲ첻׷蹷ʵѡɱһٶڣǸһٶȫˣڴϸˡ
ļ죬˺䶯Ϊ˰տͷ̸Ļ⣬⵹ǰѰŸ飬ѹȥ
ȻĻ˸߶˵ĶҪҲĲŲҰǸעһЩ
ڸ˵Ǹ磬Ƕ˵ȴһϲ£ͨ͢Ҫ蹷ˣҪ㵽ͷϣ¸ͨ˿̫ء
̩ɽ֮УĳһطһڣСС꣬һֱľսش
Ƕû뵽ɹ
Ȼǰ˵ֻ֪бɹˣ֪Ļɹ
û뵽ǣȻԹ
ǱԵӣĿˣǰһĻӡʵ̫ˡ
ǸɫͷǶ̫ˣֻбԵķݡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôɫͷˣûгǡ
ǶٻԵǡ
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һˣźɫͷΪʲôҪԶ治Ϊ̰ԣһǳ˹ܱøǿ
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ҪԼܱǿǲǺܺ
˹ˣĻᣬôܷŹ
ǿǳԹԱ߲
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ʹڻƣԼҪͬʱ˵ᱻǺԵ
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ѡľګС壬ĵغ˵ĸҪȥֻбǿܳȥԹܱǿһСģǾͿһȥˡ
Сһɴ۾
û˵С壬͵С˹ȥʼ˺˺ҧ
СûȥæҲûиСˡ
ĲԳɹˡ
ɹسԵСģоȹȻǱǿ࣬һ
˷ˡ
漴оƺСģָоȴظоˡ
ûȥС壬ǵ˵
С𾪣Զĵط
ľګСʵ̫ˡ
ڶʱ򣬰ҲɹسԵ
ǰȴûܳɹشȥֻһ档
ȴ֪ѡĵطһŨĵطڹ꣬ʦѡĵط
޺
Ϊ£Ȩƴ˳ҧ𣬽ܾҩĲɹ첻£ֻܻȥ
ӥ︮ҩһҪɹģӼұңǲܵġ
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βһռҲӼұܾҡ
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죬о֣ƵģתҲЩ֪ʲôҲԭֻΪԼȣԺ޼ɣڿˣʹ
Щ飬Ȼ¯뿪ҸƧĵط˫
һߣ໢Ҳ뿪ˣξͲ໢飬ᱻŮ˸ˡ
һ죬ΰѺԺŮ˶ϳȥԼ氲Ϣþ
½ϰЩŮ˶򷢻¥ȥ˷һۣǰѾڷҩѾӷֻۣڵʱˣӷڳˣٷ
ʱ䣬ϵĺߣһɫСʱ䣬СȻţС泤һӣСҲήˡ
ʱСͻʱ򣬾ǿεʱ
һ뵽½Цһ
۸ˣҪڽ¡
ڷﾲΣôҲ뵽ԼѾһ۾ͼٵͼŮ˵ȦֻţҪȥӼҳµа°ߡ
ȵ飬ˣȥ׼ˡ
ʱһһˣҹˣ߹Ҳˡ
Ǿôãȴоƺ˰һһֱûо
ⲢӰ쵽֣֪£°ߡ
ʱȥˣҪжˣվȥ
ɫ͵һϣһſ˵ϡ
ۣ
һѪ˳
׵飬ˣô£ԼôͻȻѪˣ
Ȼ󣬻ûϸ룬һɴӹ﷢ʹɢȫʹ־ټǿҲܲˣزҽа
½س˷ſڣЦؿ



68 ̴᡿

һʹ࣬
һʹ࣬ԸɱҲԸٳܡ
»ʲôɺµģ仰һû˵ķ
ʱΣȷʵ뵽ɱáоǵʹ࣬ҪҪֹͣʹش
һˣ֪ȴûоȥ˭ˡ
һʱȥˣͻȻоʹɸоϲ
ʱȫ˺ɫ԰ףֽŶʹ
ʹʧʹָעҲ˷һֱԹ۵ˣ½ϡ
üͷһ£һŭԼôѿ飬Ů˾Ȼ￴
漴һ룬ԼôŮ˳ԲѰѵԼµĺ֣
һ룬ĿĹ
Ůˣʲô
½ϼЦ֪˰ǻ㱿㻹Ǳˣ֪³𣿡
һ㶣ȫʹˮһ㣬ӿȫ
ٴΰ
һʱʹʧˣδεڵϣͬˮһǱ
Ϊһ߰ߣܲ˱Ūʵɱ㡭
˫һţҪ½ȥ
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أ½ֻʹ˰ʱ䣬ʱҲشĻһ
ҧгݵӣǺ޲ҧѪ
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ȫ
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֮ˣ׷ǿ׷١˭ҲԸⲻ׵ذˡοǶһŮ˵ϡ
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κܿˣ˵ãҶҹݣҲҪעС
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˵ʦҲԭҲҪ½ҪϵԼֻ½²ŽʱŹʱᵽԽԶԽãȻҲ㣬˵ĻԼʱҲװ֪·;ңԶͨ㣬ɶǡ
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Ĵۣ½Ǻ֮ǣʱȥˣݺݵص䡣
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ǸΪȴЦˣǸң㣬һ˼ңסǵķ룬Ц
ģ½Ϸʡ
Цǵ
ͻȻһŲӣԴһ̾ʹӲӵ
ƹ񣬶һţ־ؿΣӾȻһ棬Դ
ɱˣɱˣٸɱͷģһƹָܾ½
֮նˣĲҽУһԴҲˡ
Ҳû˸ҳˣɫŵò԰ףӷԭλ
϶Ǻαأڸңڷ´½⣬ѵʲôһ𣿡½Ц۾ˣʣ˵ǲ
½ϵţﻹ˸˵
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½óһӣַƹǡ
óһƿҩۣʬ棬ʬܿʧֻһ·
϶·ʧ٣ûг˵ǲǣ½϶ʵ



69 顿

ʦɺϿڣ
俴žͲǿմʦ̲裬ģЦʵ
˰Σǿմʦ۾ڵ˵
ãͲڶ߻ħˣ飬ҶԽԽ飬ԼԽԽܣԽ̫࣬Ժ˲Ҫһ¡
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˻ֻ
ѾԱ߿ľһСľݣ⼸춼Сľ
Ϊİ£Ҳɿ
Щ֣Լڵƺÿ춼ĵر죬žͺܲ
ȴҲԭ
ʹûмŻأҳԭ򣬲ȻͻĲ㡣
һ죬侲ĴһһתͻȻ͵һ٣ţͻȻ˳һﴦȥ
ƺˮһԽԽ١
Ѱһ
ô£
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ʱˮһߵܳһˮ
벻ԽԽСҲ֮ή㣬˶㣬֮һ㣬ðĶˣ
ˣҾˡһϺصڰ
ֵ̫ͻȻ˰һô˵ҲǴɽˣԽΣεˣʲôֵûзģ
ȷ֪Ǵ﷢ģ̽ʵ˭ôҵ
㻹ǵѩɽϴԽʱǿ׮𣿡ϵѵ
仰㹻ˣɣҪ˵꣬Ǿǣ
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ŲĻףԭô¡
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ǣүӣΪĴԽҴһ㣬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ûϵһΪˣֻҪҽ֮УԿܲŻ𣿡˵
ϻʲô
Цˣ˾Ҫж顣
˵ƺҲǶԵģôһǻۣԵ棬ôͿԿŶЩԼаġ
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УѾһˣҪҲûˣ˵Ҫôܻصȥܹ˵
Ҹһ󷨣ռҪĶȻ󷨿ΧеĶӦλãȻҷųԼص֮С
ϵʱһͼҲ˰Ժ
󷨺ܸӺ£ɽﰽӵ󷨣󷨲ڻ¡
ҪöѪɵģһۣҪһĶΪԴ
ø㣬ĶѰˡ
Ҫɽ磬ôһʯͿԸ㶨ˣǹŴûⶫˣ
ⲻΪ𣿡䷴
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һηӿ
ʵΪȼûнֻˮ˶ѣֽĴҲֻαɿزȥյٶȺܿ죬ΪҲɿ
һ죬䶼۾ûֹͣһֻصˣûãûн׵ġٶȣİԼˡ

үӣɲҵ˰ҵˮҵΪСķңҲˡ侯
ãã
㻹Ц
䲻˼ƽϣ
־оٶԽԽ죬ѾﵽĺڣŬһѣͿԳ嵽ˡ

أɱ˺Σ½ϺǸмǸˡ
ĸۺ󣬾ͿˣȻ׵öࡣɱ˺øʬۿʬʧҪҳ֤ûпܡ
Щƹס󣬸ұ٣ԹԵԼĻ
ôܵǵܹˣڳһˡ
ƺ˵ҪȥҶʦŵ֪ܹܣǵͷˡ
ʱ˳ȥ
½ôҲ뵽ȥҵģĶˣеĹǿŵŵ鷳
벻飬ںͷ
˳ӼңˣھסڶԺ֮С
ǸϺУҲˣסڶԺУ
˳ؽӼңԺȥ
Ժ
Ѿ˯ˣûԺ˯
֪˶ԺĲݳÿԭΪɡݵԵʣ˵ĹֵԭҲûʲôµˡ
ÿ췹صԺֱˮصʯͷ´
һֱʮʱˣҲͽ˷Ϣ
û˰ߣһϰߡ
ľҲˡǺֵǣÿľȥ밽䣬ͻһܡܻʧǵڶʱȴоľΪûһ˿
ָо֣Ҫʰ䡣
ڰû̲ס
뵽˰佻ܵϺеĹ飬̲סóһ
ʱ棬һ˴ǽ˽䵽Ժ֮С


70 ƲݺС
һһҹĳأһоԼˣ
۾һֻصˡǰһһµʱ䣬ٴֻ˼죬ҵΪȻûнȥֻˮ˶ѣ̫ˣţүӣǱˣǷҵģҿûǷģ֮ûбƽ
飬˵ˣܳԿˡ
ԺҳҵӡҲһ˵ˣ˵㻹Կ𣿡Ӧ
һƺŷ֣һ°
ҪһʣͻȻʶһ
ˡ
˵ˣҪؼҡվȥ
ܿ죬ɽһӰɿԾмһ˵ʹһֺṦʶ˻ẰɽҹĴޣҲӰŵĴɢȥ

Ӽң㣬൱ãվǽˡ
æ𽣣ȥ˭
ţû뵽ᱻ֣Լ˭ǹĸ֣һ˲ɡ
ԼĿ꣬Ů֮壬˫޺¯ⲻԼңֱ°߾ˡ
ԣź󣬿һֱվ棬侲ؿ磬ȫûһ顣
羯ؿʵ˭ΪνӼң
һӣġЦ
ˡ
¸Ǿ衣
Ұ£
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뿪ңȻְ㲻ֱָΣ
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һƣûηΪʱԼѾץסˡ
ǡ
飡
ͻȻܵػ˳ȥ
ˣŮӣȻô
ҲסˣҲû뵽Լô󣬸ղֻһʱ鼱֮£͵ֻǸоһֱϣ漴һȣˡ
Ȼףʧȥ˽ȴ֪ԼԱӾؿΣΰˡ
ˣǲõģҴӼҵˣºܸߣǿ˶ûĶ֡
ͻȻر밽䣬ҪڣͺˣԼӦúб²Ŷԣ蹷һ
δӵվؿ࣬ŮŮô
󣬼ȴûУİ
һһȥ۾ɢһаĿ⣬Сӵмһ¿ҪúʹʹԽԽˣ
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˵ĻͻȻһףʯӣɰȥ
۾æԱһʯӷɹߣںǽϺһһڴС
һҪǴԼϣǻк³
ǣԼʱʧȥģʱվȵûУѾ˹˫ַɿһ¡
ֻоһһȴôҲʹֻܽӲص˵ϡ
СӣڻӲӲζεЦʵŮӣǺÿӾǶ꣬Ҳֵˣ
ʱ֪Լʲôаס壬˵ĻԼһûк³ԼȴһҲûȫûа취ʹˣ
֣һƬֻεһЦӣһһֵģ
˵֮վ򷿼ȥ
һǷŹԼˣ

ҴѲ飬͵Ǯģ
ߵı£Ҫ
绳ɵʱ洫εϻʱѾѷ䶼һΣû뵽סЩҾ߶ˣ浹ùֵһΡ
ŭһ䵹
ǰһΣüﱻ˷ʱΪǴ˵һεģϴξŪġ
ΪʲôҪҶҵʲô
ıӦһˣʲôۣ
ϴûԼΪʲôһȴҪץԼ
Щ⣬һӶԺȴôҲ벻ס
뵽עθղ˵ġʡϣʲô˼ԼץѵΪ
ΣҾ¹ʲôûңǽϣذң֪ҵʲôȴ棬ÿһضҵú档
֪ȥʱܳԼܶܶûܣеֻǾ
κģ¥ĵذǽ嶼˸飬õ˲ٶ¥ûҵҪĶѾһʱ˶ûзӸ¥Ժҡ
۾һˮأ
˵ɡݣʹӷɿ졣
Ҫηɡݣôͻᱻȥ
֪ӦòǱɡݶģȻҲȥڵذǽ塣
Ժе̺ʽѲ飬ᱻġ
ĵһֱˮǱѣʧˣѲ鵽ˮرϣˮվʯͷϡ
ţƺʲôʹر۾
Լ㱻ץˣɡݻ䡣
ڱηˣôȻŵĿܡ
ȴû뵽θͲʶɡݣķ֣ʯͷϵӡ
Ϻʯͷµӡ
ӡ뵽ϺµġΪϺװµģǾһһǺţΪ˸ѵļǺš
ĶȻ뱻ûôǺţͿضĵط
ò˵ε뷨Ƕˡ
óţ13Ƶķɵʯͷϸ
⵶Ȼ࣬ʯͷ൱㡣
ͻȻһݽһնæȻһո񣬵ʲôûС
ɴ۾Ǳóˣ
磬ղŴһƣԲеֽƣôӼóˣȥˣ
ðԭӼ͵õ˵ƲݺеĵƲɵĵطȥ
ƲݺУ
粻֪˭ȴ뵽˰佻һݹϺġ
ƲݺУͿϺС



71 Ʋ

ңƲǰ
°ץһ֮緢ԼĲϵĲλܶˣҲ˵ˡ
㣬ղŶ԰ʲô羪ŵؿʵ
ε˵ֻǼ򵥵ĵѨһиıû֪أңƲ
ܰ佻ϺеĹǲ˵ĵƲ綼֪ǺĶ뻵С
ͷŬƽ˵֪˵ĵƲݺУ֪Ʋʲô

ЦҪ治֪Ϊʲô۾ﾪŲҿңҪ治֪ôҷ㣿Ҫǰ˵ѣ̫˵ˡ
ţ13Ʒɵ硣
约µýë嶯ˣʲôҲ
˵Ҿ㡣ͬħһ㣬ջ
ҧ˱ݣǲ˵
εĵϣ岢䣬һ˿ůůġ
Ĳӻȥ۾Ҳû䱦
ǣоûĲͣ·ȥ
һ
·ˣŮԵУȫë
ſ۾õӻ·棬ƺҪ·ȫ
Ҫ
θӵ⣺˵ƲҾͲ·Ȼ㿴·ˣѩ¶ˣӾҪҿˡ
ħ֮һ㣬һһµش顣
ǣܲѹҪ˵ʱ뵽Լ䵽ϣ³ֻ²Ǻ³󶼲к³Լ˵˵һҪǲܹ˰һƬΡ
һ뵽ȥˣ۾ʹಢᶨرϣҪɱҪУɣ
ҪĶǶ۾ǴҲ˵Ľࡣ
ڵ˼ڵƲϣû˼͵
һԺЦһ£㲻˵ǰɣǰɣãҲɱ㣬˵Ҳһٶˣ㰢үھȥɱ㰢ү㰢ү˽Ϊ˱ԼĶ㰢ү
˵ţվҪȥ
Ż磬Ҫġɱ˶˵ʲô
Ҫҽץǰ棬һһظ˵Ϊֹ
ڷŮӣ֪뷨취ͨá˱Ůܰ쵽Ҫֻǽһ
оԵġ
СТģ仰ʱͬըһһ㡣
ԲԸ⿴ܵ˺һ㶼Ը⡣
ԣ͵۾ȥæе
ûֹͣ
Ҫ㡭Ҳסѿڶ
תһЦ˺֮ǡ
һ˵㣬뿪
ǣʱû̸ʸشûشǰؿ
˵Ʋĵط
ݵİҲʶԼû̸ʸʹر۾˵ڷ¹ɫ
ﰵԲɾ
һ˻æ򷿼˽ȥɿش¹һɫҵƬƤֽһ飬һǹ
ǺܲԾĲ飬ֻôīˮ¼ӽȥĶ㣿
֪ǰ俴űŤӽȥķš
ǣǵƲûˣ
ݵƲԼҪʦţҲҪȳдһݣԺһΪһ
ʦžǴһʦһӿԼģ
һ뵽οϲ
뵽ղŰÿһضұˣȴû뵽Ȼǲ°¹һǷһ˵·벻
һ߻뵽һݶʮǰĹȻᱻ
·еģ뵽׸ƺѾ˯һˣѾ˰ɣһǴ֮壬ҲǴۿ۰
ˣǸЬҲʤޡ
ŵƲҪ߳Ȼ뿪ӼңҸطȥ
ǣ߳ţͻȻͣסˡ
ǵǰһԼһݹҪȥٳԱԼȴû뵽·˴ʦ֣ȥ
ʦûȥҲԼһݣȻ󽻸ʦšȻϽĹԼһ룬ǴʦΪһֱԼߣǴһݹʼġ
һֱǸ̵ۣ۵
ҲһӰ
ԣﳭߣԷҹζ࣡
ת鷿ʺֽٵس
ȻһףôЩ㣬׶ˣε
⵹ǿԿκʶһӾͿ˱ŵĺô
˰˵ôȥˣ
߳ţѵƲŽ
磬ЦСӣڵɾˣǲˡҲҵ˵ƲҲ°㣬ȥҸط˫ްɣ¯һڼʱﳬʦ֣ȥ
Щ粻Ҳ֪Ǻ£Ҹᣬɱˡ
磬ʱЩ䴩Խʱȫʬֱֱģű·Ʈ¶ĶǶһƬѩף
ৡ
һ죬θзӦͻȻһ٣һţ13Ƶķɵĺϡ
ƺոպãͶںϣûйᱳ˵ǰ硣
ҲûҪ
ৡ
һ죬æſ磬Աȥ
ɿתһ˭ڶʹð
ûʲôˣͿ˵ڶѷɵղŵλȥģԶĵط
ҲǵڶѷɵֻǰԼԱܶѡ
ʱǽϣվһ߳ӰĮؿ档
оһΣ˵ȥиʣţҲûá
ţˣɹץ
ţ˲Ӧţ13ҲӦ
ৣ
ֻһһӰ˹
ΰĲҽһڶļȴһ
ҷɵȺǿϣײǽϡ
ɵĽǶȺܵ꣬պôʹõ˹ͷûйᴩȥˣǽϡ
һַɵı£֪Լţˡ
ƴֻ֣û˵֣Ҫѷɵ
̧һӰ˹ͬߵļĲҽһ
ǽϵҲôƮݣ
翴ˣͻȻȻǺˣ
ϵˡ
ʦһСϮʱӼҺͶԺ˺ֽܶţʶ־ҹԺһӾͱˡ
ƴϻҲҪĸСʱ
ҪѲƲ°ˡ
ȻβǴСһʦ۸ӰҲܱȰһˡεСӰвԿСϰߣʹ߲ˣϵˡ
ǽͿ˭ˣΣصѣȻ۸ӵˣ
Сģѵ



72 ţ13ơ

俴һ£ûʲô£·ȴõˣըˣűˣ
ৣ
һѷɵ˳ȥ
ۣ
ȸһѷɵ˽ȥһҶ˶棬һ°󱳵ķɵ˽ǰһѵ⣡
ܴѪ
Ҳֺţ13ƷɵҲ
Ȼգϻŵ׼԰º֡
Ļûзй꣬Ӻ󱳵·óҶ˫ţͬһһ㣬ȥ
Ҫɱңб㡭κˣ
ôҲ뵽һδɱ˵ˡ
ؿڻе˿ء
ʱŸս㣬ȴ˺þˣҪԸΣײˡ
ÿ˶ǰϧԼÿ˶ѹ׵Ļ
ǰеĶǸ߼ῴǵ
۸ţûףûģҪеıȥˣ
Ҷ˳ȥһһ£һѶεм䣬һѶĲϣһĲӣѪȪˮһһһµ˳
òĿˣ۾ɵôġ
ߵǰ棬ָָ˵û̸ʸ񣡡
ָ⣬һ룬ţ13ۣ⻨ͬѧ
ָε˫Ĩ
һĺۼε۾мıҲ˺ߡ
ˣҲŹ˫ռű˵۾
εĶͷһȷ
Ȼ߶룬ϲ
æ磬ĵʵôˣ
һֱܼǿ磬ֻһ򵥵Ĺģ͸оԼмǿǶˣеίӿͷʵ˵ˡ
û˵꣬ͻ¶һδֹ
ˣæһֱһֱȣ˷汻߰ģĿӶһ£Ϳ˯ˡ
ؿڣˮŮ˲ӣһ޵С
·ˣڲע⣬¶ɫĺɻǶ䵣壬ûȥЩæ鿴
鿴䷢ļ򴦣һסѨ;ʹ岻ܶ
ղǸ˵ǵѨ˵
ͷ忪ЩסѨ뾭ҰЩɢˡ
ת˵
תȻֽܶˡ
һ˶ˡȥ洦Ǹʬ塣磬Ȼתȥ
·סˡ
ع·
ģǰûйʱ磬ǿɰ
֣ıšһ£ʹֽСĹܼǹʬ塣ܿ
Ҳ֪黺ֻòطſ˰·
뵽˸ղű͵ߵĹ˵Ǹ͵ϺеĹģ˵ǵƲݺµĵƲھϡԲ𣬰ûбá
˵棬Σû˵ױвĻĶ˾Ĵ
ͷûлأӰ͵͵ˣû¾ͺá
⻰ʥǧһĶۡ
ΣȻòˡ
ϵţ13ƷɵȻʦϵһѡ
ʦϵĵôܵˣ
ʵ벻ôһ£
ѵͬ
һǸղ͵ϺеĹгһݣ㶼ûиıһ£ֱӸƹȥˣһǹ޹ûݣһʦйصġ
⻹мƿƿ޹ޣ俴ƿ϶֣ҩԻۣšƿǸʬɢ֮ء
ȵȣֽǸҵШʱ仹ǽģ
ô˵λסڸҡ
˵ڸ½һŮˣѵӼҲ
ûȹ½ϣֻΪĿԱûɱڣһ
ھȻ鷳üͷһ壬ȥҸҵ鷳
ȥνĵƲĹƿƿ޹޷Ÿ磬˵ȥʬ𼣡
õĵƲַŸԼţû˵ȴǺ㡣
ȥİ䣬εļһ˾ʹеиˡ
ǽϵĵԭλõضǽϡ
ѵ¶εϣǶѨλȥģѪ
εʬ壬ǽȥ

½϶εȥû⡣
ȥ˯ˡ
˯˺ҹͻȻ
ͻȻһƺʲôһ㡣
ƺиоһ㣬ϿȥǸɵĹӣȻˣȻȥصȥ
ô£
вûиж֪
иԤУƺˣΪĸ۵ĸߣо
ȥˣôԼʧ
ĸֻۣԼһݡһݷ۸ηˣôûˡ
òշΣΪԼãеƹ񶼷ԼŸճͷһȥûˣԼԺҲû߿ɽ
ӵйʧȥ˻صԭһУҲϰߡ
½Щʧ䡣
ڴϴ֪˶ãͻȻһָоʲôڿ
ֻӷɽķ䣬ֱȥ
Ϊӣȴе
ֻ˻ӷɽĳӣȴû뵽ӷıӣ˽ȥ
ɰһæȥٱǡ
ıӾͷЩģһ̾͸ожʺ
вӣθ־㤵ĸоëȻ˶һĸ죬˵һŮˡ
æ취³Ŭ˺þãɹ
һĪȣͻȻɢ˿
ѵǳӵԭ
ŵɫˣȴ֪Ҫô졣
ȣһദ֫ٺ
оԼ壬ƺ˴δйһ㡣
ô£
֪о˶ãͻȻ˽Ų
½ϣͳŭ
½һ㶣˭ҹܽȵȣܶ죬
½æ´ȥ
Űµĺ£ͷ΢ңһޱ߷ӣһ棬俴ȥˣڰӶû⣬ﻹý˯¡
£ǶǶ£Ҳ˯¹ܡ
򿪷ţڸҺԺĵƹ£һֵվм䡣
ûͿһʬӵϣʬһʮѵ
Ѫܵӣʵ½һǿվŵ˾ǰ䣬Ҳͷġ
1½ˣ½æܵǰ棬˵һ
һ˵ҽġʶ𣿡


73 

ҪԼ½ϾȻûһңܱƽ
ΣһԼòշߣǱԼ˸ɱˡ
һʱ䣬ӵģеϧ־ԼһжӦģҪɱҲʸ
ʶΣԭǸѣǰңûִҴȥһʱ䣬ֻˡѾ˳ͷסңĸҩշ˵Ҫȥʦ񣬲֪ôˣ½æʵ˵˳
ˣҲ֪˭
ĸƺ
ԭô¡뿪Ƕʱ䣬ǹصʱ򣬻ǹ֮󡣡˵˵ĹˣõԼķɵ
ȥҼңҪҵӡ俴˵
⻰½һ𶯡
½ϲ֪ȥʲô룬ͷ½ϵͷһ׼ܳͷӡ
һüͷҪҪȥʲô½ϲ֪Ҳֲ½ͷϡ½һܹ˳ӣðˡ
˵ŮˣԼ°˵ҪһŶûУ䷴ʵ
ʻܻҪ˿һЦˡ
֮Уȴ
½Ϲ˵1½ģҪûȥʱûȥ½ϲκԹԡ
ֻǲɱ㣬ûо㣿ĸѡ
û㣬û½ϡȻֻɱ˸ͷ蹷ðûʧȥҲûΪĿɱû˵ķ1½ĸ֣ҲֻһƤң½Ϻ˵
Ժ½ϵһжģҪ½ϵʱã½ϻȥˣ
ãŮ˵˼άð벻ͨ
½̧ͷĿУˣԺǰ㿡ţҪγƺ㣿
Ҫһ԰ơ˵ƺ治ðˣν
ɽʱ򣬾һ룬Լɷ󣬰ʦɷˣԼɵĽ룬ǰûʵ֣һֱڰ
ֿһ½ϣŮ˱ϴˣһԼԼϴˣǰԼһе˼άԼҲһ񫣡
˵
½æ˵˵ǣ
ƺΪһ仰Īһ㣬˵ڰѸҵļҲó
ҪҵļҲʲô˵䲻ЩֻаĶȤˣǷ鷳
áܾ
½Ͽ˵ϵһۣ湻ҵġ
˵һĵطйˣɽལɣһ¸ǿɱΣҲǹ֮ˣ¸ߡΪɸ񡣡
֪˵俴иϵӣȥ
տةĶӣΪ˸һٶһ£ʵ˵˳һٶ˶ǰɱģ˵Ƿ蹷ɱġ
ȻˣŮ˷ݣ
ңҲǲ鰸ҽ˽ı£ҪƽΪռáռڹ磬ռ档ٹΪ˰ͽռ棬Ͷռҡθߵߣ໢εĴʦ֡
õһĸۣĸշΡ֪ξҪԸһҲȥ½һڵӡ
ռҾȻôܣҪ½û˵Լ治֪
ĸۣʲô
ղɱκ󣬾ȥ磬ûע⵽һɳĳӣ֪ɻ˸ҡ
ĸóҿҪһĸʲôԺռɲܱ¶˶֪
½Ϊѵ˵ֻԼһݣϡ
֪֪ĸʲôûóæĸ۵ɫʹð취߰䣬ϵĺڻڹӵı仯˰䡣
ףôˣ½ֵؿϵߡ
ɫζĶǿµġβ½һʲô¶ûеŮ𡣰롣
ʱ½ƺʲô˵ˣıףһЩ
һæܽ¹棬óһӡ
Ȼӵ»һɫҩۣ˵ó俴
ʶڱɨɨȻҩۣʵ䶯档
ʲô棬ҪѪѣ
ˡ俴Ůˣ˵
½Ϻãʲôѡ
ӦһֿԽ;ѣʳ˾ѪѪǣֳǣڵѻɱµһֻѺ󣬿־ѷҲշεԭ򡣡
͵
ѼȻʳѪôڱԽãԽ࣬ΪһֲƷ߿ӹƽ˿ǿ塣ȻҲѺլߵľѪ
һŮˣ˵סһֻӣѪʲôӦ
£ֲģ
½Ҳˣ
氽ĻҲʹ˸ղֻӽıʹȡѵԭ
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ϵΣ˷ѧˣ
½ϵͷӦǣľԲġ
½Ҳ˼˵ֻǷԺҰĴ˶ѡ
鷳ûˣϵķɵȫ˳Żϡ
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εʬţʦֺɷ֣鷳쿴һַۣʬʧ½˵
óһƿӣ֣
½ɫһϲͷ
Ҫʬ壬ˡ·ٴʬ塣
ѾһٶˣٶһΣ½Ͻӹƿӣεʬϡʬܿʧֻʣ·
ŮˣȻ߻ħ˺󣬿һˡ
ҪվԼĶ棬ǻǿ¡Լϴˡ
֣ǽӼȥˡ
ڷдһָ壬Ҳƽ顣
ȴǳϣھߡ
·˺þãͻȻ洫˻ˮæվ߳ȥ
һˮͰϴϵѪ
翴䣬һů
ԺӼƫƧһǣ˶ԶߵĶǶûз֣ϴѪ֮󣬾ͰѴѪ·
£Ȼûм⣬ȴˮΡ
صͷȴһΣ仹·¶ɻؿڸ
ϴܰܣȴڷ￴·Ųˡ
ǵðǺƽģһ׳࣬ˮԽԽÿ̲ס࿴һۡ
˶Ů˵ΪԸУ˵ĺŮҲԸе˵
ڡ



74 

ڣڴϣѾˡ
С¹
ŸղŰ任·󣬾Ȼϴ棬Լ˯ڴ档
һжȻûʣƺһжϰһ㡣
ǰ˯һ綼һֱǿһȭͷľ룬Ȼÿ϶ƻȭͷ롣ǽȴû˵
һĲذ
ܵŵģֻаһ𣬲ŸоģȫС
û֨ҲĬĬؿ
ǰҹϮܾĸСʱŸ㶨Σա˯£ҹֶֻ̣˯˲һСʱˡ
˯ǲģ˶ҲܵӰ죬˯ࣿ
˶ûж
֪ãһѯ
˯һ
۾һɣɣүˣ
ڶû˯ѣѵ̫ˣ
ССС۾СѾͷ˼治࣡
ȴǲ˯ˡ
˯ѵʱҲ֪ʮ㻹ʮһ㣬ǲˡڹ𴲣ڶٵСʱˡ
ֱۻǱѹţǻû
۾棬ӳһ˫峺Ĵ۾ںרעڰëһ㡣
ԭˡ
ѾͷھȻЩͬˣǰǱǺ߶ڱ֣ץȻһ鶼ûУȻ۾
ҪǣϾȻ֪Ųѹֱۡ
һУΣ֮ıģ䵱Ȼ֪Ѿͷ˼
һʦͻȻ룬ҪʦԼҲ׽ǶðȻʦԼˣȴһֱ͸ʦ㣬ҪǣʦҲ
뷨һģ俴崿רעĿ⣬ʦʦ㣬磬ȻͬһǸȴǲͬġ
Լʦ㣬Լ
ԼǵһˣԲʦ㣬ҲԲ磡
䰵̾ԹΪȻܰǵһԼͲһ㣬˰ɣ
ϣʵ
һϵģȻûϣ֪ǰⶺġ
ֺЦӴʣţֻ
лˣΪ˸ϣÿ˯ϰ߶ûŲ
ϣѹʵˡ
еûĶ죬˺һ𴲳ȥ档
̿Ŀ⣬Щȣ̺æĲ˺ܶ࣬ڸҽ֡
Ĳ˺ܶడҿ׺İˣֵʡ
𣺡κ˼ˣѾⶼˣ˵үҽԽԽˣⲻǣܶ˶Ľ𣿡
ڰӼҵȥǸˣǿôæȴۡ
Ǽĸҽͽֵֻô򣬰үæ
⻹򵥣һ߿ѧͽһ߿Ƹ⡣
һ㶣˵ҽͽѧûʮܸβҪ򣬶ģۼ𣿡
ոðЩշץҩˣѧͽֱӱҩˣֻҪҲܰ졣ЩĶҪѧȫҽ飬ҲٳɡѲӲٽεĴ򡣡
һٳɵİ취
ƸȻҪǵĶӼҽټһֻҪӼƸͿѧӼҵҽû𣿡䱳ҽͷҩüʱĴġ
ü˵ҪѧӼ洫ҽǱӼҵˣҪЩнĴѧˣӼҲǿ𣿡
⻰ԣû˵ҽⶫԷˣһֻ֮һ֮б仯ǿųаٻ֮ƣɽ֮ʯ񣬲ܷչ׳ҽһʱѧߵģһӼҴʮ꣬һжٸʮ꣬ѧ뿪Ρһѧˣ˽ѧʮ꣬ʱӼһӼң뿪ֻ뿪ˣ˺Ӽʲô
ǷչӴҽ壬ʱͿӸ徺ˡ
ŮڴǿսϵĶȴЩ㲻룬ð˵־ò
£ү̸˵үͬĻԼ˵ǽȥðѰүгϢһ¡
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ʮˣˣȻ˶࣬ȴû
мһϸҽüͷһ׳ʵĺӹҽǰ棬˵ҽһҪȾȰѾһʹ˯û˯ˣֻڴϴ費˼룬һҪȾȰ
˹Ǳ֤֮ΪˡѪ硢ܷ纮ʪа̵ʪ衢ȵйأҪҵ֢ܶԺҩҲǻɼһʱҽ׼˲飬ҪȴǺ鷳顣
ΣҪȺðҪ񼽨µҲԸó˵ؿͷ
Χ˶һТӡ
񼽨£
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Ǻĩũ壬۰һ췭ظ񼽨£
ʱ񼽨£Ӧǻڼũԡ
ʷ񼽨£һˬ֮ˡǰΪĸ׶¹ĺӣˡ
ҽӦ񼽨µĻʿҩֲβη纮ʪҩ˳
߹ȥҲû̧ͷһ¡
ľŵϸˣ˫ѾԿֽŲʱ֫ۡ
ϥǣǹ
˳Ĳڹؽϳ˶Ǵ̣ҽѧ֮˾βˡεİ֢һʵȻûô£ֻҪҩһ²֢ͺˡ
λϸǹɵļʹѹ֡
̧ͷҽ˵ˣһ°ɡ
ҽȻ֪Ůı£Ȼûзԡ
񼽨µһ£ĸױԣǿ˿ĸףʹ֮УĸһʹҲǺõġ
ó룬񼽨˵
񼽨æĸ׸׵ϵڹϣһ룬һֹʹһ˵ǹǴ̸ĥˡǰжǹǴûֻͷһЩѡݲɳӡ
룬ĸֹͣȻ׻ڣȴˡ
ˣķӣˡһϷ
ҽŰ䣬Ҳû뵽ô׾͸㶨ˣһ㶣źǺǵظϷ
񼽨ƺôƭģĿЩ˸ӦòԼ̨
ҽĲβҩҲõģ񼽨շȥץͺˡ
йһôȶţҽȥϢ



75 񼽨¡

㵱Ҫҩڳȥ
ҽĻ󣬵һӦǳԾطʡ
ֻǰ䴿һʱ𣬸˵չҽİ취ûκҪӼͷϷչͼںҽ˵Ҫ˵ӼҵҽɢˣǾͻᱻΪܼ֮ӣֻ˵Լҽͷҩ
˵ǱҽΪǰܼӡ
Ҫֻܱ˼ҵģ˵ӼңˣСֻܱ˵Ʒвã̻
ǰѵʿʦıҩˣǰܼңҪΪ̲ˡ
˵˼룬졣
ûֻΰˣȥܾǧˡ˸˵ùɡ
ҽɫһ£ƺܵĻΰ٣һʣʦģ
ʦʲôϵǵġûϵõľйϵ
ȻˣأǰǷܱȡҽпƺܵ¶ģ˵ãȻʦ˺Ըǰһʦʵ֣
ڶѰ˵⣬ҽ飬ΪǰʦҪ顣ҽϾڹŴˣ洫ҽ⴫Ĵͳ˼̫ˣҪƽʱҲ˵ڵʿʦĺԸĴ£ҽĴͳ˼붼ͨͨ·ˡ
ҽĵͷûʲô絹ȿĵЦ
Ӽҵشľ飬ǲ˵Ѿ˼˵Ľɫ
ҽö˵ҽͽʮ档ƸֻѧӼҽӿǣʮôһҪǰѴ򶼸ˣôԶİҪˣҪؿҲǺԣҲʱֻɶࡣǺ˰ա
˼⣬ǱȰȫһЩ
ڹŴҽԴ˽ȰĶࡣ
ҲãѧͽôŪСƸϰ˶ֻĸֻ˻ԹԣʱӼҾͳдĵˡȻΪտǣҪЩפΪտҪǲʺӼңȻаѰʦҩȥڰǼңһһλһΣһҽѧЩΡ俴ǣ˵
һֻʱһأᵢΪտܰѺõҽ̸ǣɰʦԸȻҲԹӼҡЩӼΪˣ
һЦȻҽѧҲֻǴҩҪҽгɵĴľ飬Գ⣬һԡӼҵĴѧܶණ
ãҽһƣƻɫ⡣
Ӽ汲Ӽҵҽ֮鲼£ߵﶼҪ𾴵غһҽ
ӻһҲͬԸ
һֱһ֮άҽ֮
ǽжСҽһֱԸס
취о취ԿУʵּʱӼҳΪдġ
ͻȻӿѪŮİ취úøһ

ʱ洫˳ֵ˼ȥ
һۣȥ
߻˴ʱ˼ɤŵһǸղ񼽨µ
λֵܣҪҽԣҪǸҴҽˣǿɾͲҪְˣ
ĸУҲͰ˵ҪǾȲðֵܣӼңһܴ³Ӧٶ˵һ䣬ŲŰ㣬ٲ
ˣ񼽨ëߣӣҪǸ³˴һ
ǸǿĵطǴܵĵط󻢵Ĵͷ档
񼽨ϾղĸױӼҵͲٽʹˣĴм
Ǹ³˿ɲݣתԴ󻢿ӼҵˣбôȰֵܣҪǾȲ˰ֵܣ㣡
󻢶ܲղžҽͽģǸǿµģҴ˴ǲǲ뿴ˣ
ð㲻ֵܿȴ˵Ÿ˵ѾˣһĴֱڿк졣
ûз˺ˤ˳ȥ
㡭󻢾ʵҲֻ𣬴ӵվ˹
³Ӻȵ㵱ŽǺ۸ģ
ԳŽƵˣúܸߴĿֱ࣬ͨӵĴȴ֡Ŀ׹⣬һ˾֪Ṇ̀ǡ
󻢵ҲǺܴͷǷѼ⹵ˣȥԲԲ֣ʵ˵ӡ֪󻢵С
ӣײһ൱ĴΧ˶æɢֻʣ񼽨»⡣
䣡
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ˤ񼽨һһ˳
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ɴ۾ô͵һ󺺣һز֮һŮȥҳӣǰնͷ̨
ɡҽҲԡ
ǣ֮ǰΣ˰۾룬ͬˡ
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ʱ񼽨¸ձ򿪣պվŽƵǰ档
練ӦЩûϳš
Žʱ俴ˣһ̫ˣ
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Ҳˣ˼ؿ
񼽨һæȥ硣
Ƕ֪ͷ磬ܽܺߵӣʵڿŽƵϥǣ



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µˣֻôϵýһЩأվôһҪϥǸ߲
ð֪ˣһЦģ
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ȥԥһǰŽһòˮˣҲΧ˶Żˡ
񼽨³ȥֻʱ̧ˣٶֻӰˣֱŽƵϥϡ
ȻȲһûһϥǣǾΰɣܲ׾
Žɤ̴ٵطһ죬°ߵȥ
ȴǰȥ
ƺҪ˽Ļ
ʱֻǵðĻϥǺ
̧ŽЩŤĳһŷɿߡ
飡
һֻʮСӡŽƵϡ
ءŽƷһ죬춼ҪǲܵΡ
ʱҪŽͷдϥǱߺɣߺɣһǰ͹ƺҪƨͷ۵һ㡣
ﻹǵð˵Ļһ߶ӡ
ӽǰͶӳֱߣ翴һ۾͹ϳš
飡
໣ŽƲҽһƤһ߷˳ȥ˴ţ
⻹ûˣȻٶˣӼҪҽҩѵġ
ڴ⣬϶һӣŶӣϻϺ
ԼģסˣԼԼģ
񼽨ͣסˣôεεӣȻôֲ̫ˣ
˺ͼҶסˣǲǻþ
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ʱѹ뵽ԼԭҲһȭΣֻԼһֱûзֶѡ
˰һۣһôûԼ˵ղŻĻȻǰˣ
˱ˣ˶ܸˣԻ˵ŭʢ׼ǽҽ׼ǽҽ
в˺ͼҶҽͽ
Žڵ˺üΣ۾ˣȴ͸ų֮⡣
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Ȼصͷ
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ΪߣǵĵҪͷĺǲҪǮһͣ
Ļһ˶˹ˣŽôõֵ֮飬Ȼ˵һŭҪ쵰ãȭͷҪûá
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ŽҪˣסˣǵúһܲɡ
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һˣֱˣֻ򣬿ɲΪܾܵ
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ŽһоƺЩһˡ
˽ŴŽֹ󻢴֣߽ŴţԽԽŽңϲܵ󻢵ĴҪͣͻȻһץסֱۣһףˤ
飡
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ǧ꣬ǻصһǧ峯ҲǿѾǧˣҲġںǣصѩɽһ̩ɽôҲһ˵ϣ֪жٿãĺܺ档
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ѣǴٶǰʼġԽԽٵƣȴһʹûҩļһѩɽػˣըը١
ִٶǰ峯ʱɡ
߶Ϊ壬߿³峯ΪͳлͲЩߴڣԻٵͿǡ
ȻʱҲ˿ʼлҲпΪ
Ȼû𶯣Ūһȡ˵ĻЩ֪˹Ŵɵ֡
ţпȥЩɿڻûгء
ˣڰѼ䶼ˣڿȥ˰ɣ˵
ôгķϣҾΪѵȥҰɣ˵
߳ľݣһһ棬ᱻܵ
ɽȥ
ݲôҵģпɽһЩĻҵҲпԼҵԺӼҵһɡݡ
ڵɽҹ䣬ﶼ׼˵û߼ͻȵ˶ݣ˵ԶҲҲ
ҲϤһ̩ɽԲҲҵõûйϵ
ν̬ȣĲ
бԼҡһ仰졣
ڰɽеʱ򣬰ҲԶԶѾ֪Ǹ֣ܸоڿѾѧˣŰȴֱӿǿĺۼ䵹ûио
һʱ䣬ɽ±ϣǹ꣬ǰͨ˲ͬɽҪܷ±Ҳûʲô¡ʱһͷ
ûнԵĹأܸŰԼʳ
Ҫǿ׳ֻǿ׳Թ״ȥ
ʱҲ֪˰ɽѰҲҩӦûٻصСľȥԸҲûãǣתˣȥǸˡ
ֱӴƮȥͷԽԽˣԵ
һܵ鲼£һҶꡣ·ʪˣܵ±ߣҪһɽꡣ
һ£ὲ飬Ϊǰ¾ͲֻΪ꣬ȴûУֻˣȻˤɽȥɽһƬƽأʱѾҵһɽ˽ȥˡ
˶·ͻȻɳŵɽɽﻹôţ
ǭ¿
еǻۣȻ·ŵôɽܳ׷ɽܣܻʧˤɽȥϾеʳˡ
һЦƮ˹ȥ
ɽе·죬Ȼ壬治ܵġԴӳ˰кҩ˺ܶ࣬蹷ӷ蹷ܳɽˣ±蹷ҵûɽ
ɽһһɽסǳʳͻȻ˴꣬ٽһɽꡣ
ϵ·ͿӶˮɽֻһˣȻýʲôģȫ˸⣬һŹĨˮɽУҰĢϵˮȻɵҲͣ
ϡ㰡㡫һصʱ



80 ɽҰ

ͻȻһ˶
һɺĸоȫֿŵͻȻſ溮䳱ʪĿƤ񶼸
ղŽɽʱѾ鿴ɽûҰޣȻ֪ɽʲô˶ûС
ͻȻӺɭﲻˣ
ϳɾ໹ͨ˵࣬ܲľţ
㲻𡫡
˻ֵ֪ģ
һ仰˵ҹ·İ˽֣вɻͷȻͱˣ
ϳɾôʲô˵Ҳ⻵ʲô˵
˰𡫡ͷܵǰȥǰ档
ŵúˡ
Լ֪ԭĹֻһӰӣ״ȴģ⼸ʱʳ꣬ԽԽһϳǰ
㣬㣬׺꣬㲻㡭˰죬Լˣ
Цֻѡ
֪æ˰ȥ
·ûдȥɽܡ
ںЦ׷ţ͵Լܵþƣʧɽȥ
пʼ⵽ŲŻʧɽµĴŵܳѾǻָ˴󲿷ˣ·ǻῴ·ġ
֪˶ã֪˶ɽ·Σյĵطܣûˤɽġðʧˡ
ԽԽԽԽˣæֽŻ
Ȼƽ̹ɽ·ϣˤ˺üΡȥֻҪΣյɽ·ϸϣͿˤɽȥˡ
·ʼɽȥһһߺ

й
ɽݵİ䣬ͻȻԶһ̧ͷ˿ɽҰïʢûпˣ򼸿ʯͷȥһеͷǰ档
˹еͷȻϻܵеˡ
ûеһʱ䷢ְ䣬ǺİӰһԾ·ǰ棬ɰһ
û뵽ϵͰһˡ
ɲðæܽʧˡ
˰Թеһ¼ʵ
ͻȻļ򣬿ɰŵ඼ֹͣˡ
ڵϵˮ׺꣬ҪҪ
һĹͷƤϣʵ˲Ŀá
ʲô
һĨĨˮʱſǰ˲ǹİǰ䡣
һҪˣ
ǹ˿£ǰǰ䲻ǰͻȻһ㣬һ
͵濴ȥûаӰӡ
عͷֵı飬˵׺ˣˡ
ⲻϻ
ɹˡµ˵
ѹָоմһЩˡ
һ󲨹й꣬ûʲôġΧ˿һɹȴӰӡ
ˡϻԼɱ˺󣬾ˣԼܵԼǰˣ
һҲ뵽Ǹճǿֽ˰
̧ͷ˰·ȴûбܵһ굲ˣԭǸˣı¡
ѹɱ˶ͰԼֻҲӲˡ
¶֮ɫȴֱתˡ
ʱɱеˣǰ䲻Լݱ¶ӼҵҲ֪ԼΪˣ蹷Ҳɱˣ벻ûʲô塣
Ȼûˣôٴ࿴壬ǴԼ
ɱ֪뷨ȴôɱˣ
ǣ䲻ɱ滹аҪ׷ɱ
˿ıӰæվ׷ȥ
ʮоˣתʲô°ɱ㣿
׺ɱµ˵
䵱ȻԸⱻ˸ţ˵ˣǡ
ˣ
ףȴվûƺڵʲô
б²ţȴܣƤϲ
ûķӣȻʮµĺӣΧ˹
ʲôˣǰһӣ԰ʵ
϶ſľһŲɽϴԵģֲɽûɣӵĿ⣬Űˡ
ʱ򿴵˹ӵĿζ
תߣҲ֪ˣ˵˾ЩˣЩм䡣
׼ߣӣſڰǰ档
۾һɨɽ
ǳĴ񣬰Ǵһɽ˺ü׳ǲǺģһÿĺʵ˵ʱ°Ͷܵꡣ
ֱʵǡÿ
ɽһ㶣ҪߣæסУǵøȥ峤
üͷһ壬Ͷ֡
ǸɽеͷæҪ
ǱҪϸĵö࣬˰ûбܵȻ⣬Ҳ֪䲻Ƿˣ汾µˣѡ
ߡ˵
ʮ񲻽ؿʵƣɣ
ģߣƴ
Ϊ峤ĶӣǴģ񶼱죬Ļ
һԴŲ˵ôߣȻһˣûһˣһͷ
ðߡ÷˵
ǲʶģ겻Ըˣ׸Ӹǡ
Ҫߵİ䣬ȴʵСҵģ
ʵĴһ˿ϾµСæص棬ؿ˵ǰҵĴұ
õļңǰ䴩ԽʱڵɽĲ;ߣĲ;ʲôʱҵĴұˣ
ԽʱɱɽɽȥӼң԰ѵɽɽˡ
ڳɽܣһֹܺõĵɽôͷˣװܶණ
ڿŵǵɽĲ;ߣôɽȥĵطһ֪һʣһصɽͷˡ
䲻˵ֱƣµ˵һЩ
ǲϱɽ𡣡˵
ô˵ֻŲ֪طǵɽˡ
ǻȥ˵
ղŰԵҪ뿪ͻȻ˵ҪǻȥǶؿǰѲ;߸ص
ԥһһͷ
˵꣬ôߡ
Լ·һϡ
ʱѰʹɽܺʵǴˣôɽģ
£ߵ˵ǳ壬ɽеĺˣȴĪشɽˤںǣ
ʡ
˵һˤȣû˵һ



81 һҹصǰ

Ǿˡ̾һ˵
⻰һǣ˼ģΧʵ֪˭
һۣѻ˵˳ղŵɽ꣬·ʪˣհ·ѵͻȻǰһѣѾˣܳһֱ׷ѰɽϸȥҪֻµôɽˤˣ
ⲻ˵
ǲ˵ģƲŵ˵
ָһǰİ䣬˵㿴֪Ųš
Ƕһۣ汾£йҲǲܡɽˣȻҲһЩ顣
˵ǵĴǱˡ
˸
ȥ󣬸ү˵ص˵
ǳ壬λ̩ɽһƽϣʮéӡ
УԵ÷ǳ
ϾһģƵ˴ûгǴŰȥһӡ
һһӸϡ
һ˿䣬¶֮ɫ˵
ǰߡ俴һۣںȥ
һӣһɳζڿС
˵ζ
ֻľ崲ʬ塣ǳɽȥĴ
˲ҪǴȷʵ⼸˲ˣŻ˵˸ˡϴ峤ͣи֮룬ɷ˰ﰳǰߡ
ʱܽһˣǰһĲӺһӣһѲ͵ϴ峤ϴ峤ת˫䣬˵ǰд帾ɽ·ֵģ£
ϴ峤һƬ⡣
Ҫȥðɡûͬʱһѵɽɫ״˵
ϴ峤㶣ܳȥһ帾˺󣬵ͷ˵УУǲõûղţװˮ©ˮ
ϴ峤һһ￴ĵɽȻװˮˡ
ɽõˣҲܵðǳΪر
ղŰ׷ģԼȴˡôԼǰҪԼȥ̫鷳ˡ
ɰ𣿡ʵ
ϴ峤һ£æͷȥ
ʮа˴峤˵ҪɽˣһűаϣͲҽҪۿ˹ˣӵõͺһ٣ַӳȥ
ϴ峤ŷЩ˲̫š
ҪǸҪûҲû취˵󣬰ɽ뿪ˡ
ŰУ̫һ㣬ٿһеĻƷһ˿ã
ү𣿡ʵ
ϴ峤һᶨصͷ˵ǳɽɽѵͲɽ𣿺ǶҪأƴɽ
һ£˵ˣһҪɢˡ
˵ɽժܶĹӷ棬װȥľԣ⼸ȴҪɽݣԵɽĹܻòϡ
ϣصСľݣĲ㡣ȵŽ棬׼ľøһЩȻһ
ߵɡݵҪŨö࣬ĽȸһЩ
ʱ֪᲻Լһһľϲ
ǳϴ峤һ󣬳ɹһéݷס
ǳ岻ˣҲҪͶʳ
ڶ죬ͣˣƴʮ׳ɽȥˡ
ȻҲ˷ǣǶڹĺ£ȥҲ׶༪١
Ҳûףʮɽ˵ǴԣСӣҹһ㡣
ûʧԶԶظǡ
һûʳ꣬ȻоˡڶˣҪʳԼ
֪창ûľ
һֱƣߵһɽҪĵطͻȻ˳ȥǰ
˶һйɽ
˶ŴˣӦˡ
˰ǵıа빥
ˣһǴջˣ
Ǻµı飬ҪľЧ
ǵĿֲ飬оһ˿̬ϲã
ɽ£ֻҪһ£ͻв˵ɽȥţе˹ȥ
ǴûŵȲҽˣһ׹ˣ
һ㶣ղŸоԼؿһȣѵǡ
æóؿڵıааǰһЩȻã
ˣ
æóһŰ䵱ʱ˵Ļ˿ƺײǰˣŷ٣
˳ȥ
ӳȥķͻȻһ׹⣬˹
䣡
һ죬ҽһĹһӰ˲٣
һӣѰˣҲ˰ķõģ
æóڶ
ʱ֪ɽҰ񣬾Ȼ˹
ڶæƮ˽ȥٶȷɿ졣
ĺôǣٶȿ죬ˣƮӰٶȡ
ҪڶѾˡ
ҲҪɽˣһ׷ҪΪֵǱ𣡡˵ƾʹ׷˹ȥ
ǰ춼ǹ׷ˣڱ׷оԼʧܣҲʧܡ
죬һ̫̫ˣҪҸطˣƴܣǺܿ˦ˣ˰ȫĵط
ǣȴҲȥɽҰ鷳ˣȥˡ
ò׳ΣȻײһ£һһ£ͻصʼ״̬
һҹصǰ
˵ǲɢˡ
˵ƣ׷ɽҲҲˣֻ÷ȥ
ϴ峤һ˵ϴ峤Ϲ򵽵ϣ뿪ķݣҪǰĳ֣Ǵöٸ׳ɽҪˡ
ӴԺɽԵˣһ𣬲Ҵба͹
ڴͶ˲ܻʳϴ峤ˣԺԻҲһݸ
ʱɸмˣһʳġ
ҲռȻˣֻ֪ɿʧȥеĶȻһݱˣȴŴһͶǸˡ
⣬ȴһı硣
ǰ˵жǻĵģѾ׼ҪˡȴͻȻ뿪أûж֣ԲԸ
ʵȻû뿪Ҹʺϵʱѡ
뿪صʮΪʱˣʱˡ



82 °

ռǴ壬Ҳ
Ҫصʱ򣬶֣ٺãҲᱻһɵͷϡ
Ŵ鰸ֶβϸ׼ȷ㣬ָƶû취ɼͷֱ棬νúܡ
ǺĲ鰸ʽҲͬڹŴҪץ׼ȷ֤ݲ֤һ
£˺ܴһпԻɵ˺¶ϡ
ȻʹùŴԩǶʤ
ǵٵľΣôڹߣ˭ûмԩġ
ռҲǵٵģеȻ֪һ߼
أһ£ҵһͻ
ܱһɣҪ뿪أ緢û˻
뿪ʮ죬ʱԳˡ
ҹʱ򣬾ͣ⣬໢ߡ
һҪѵһӸҪŭ𣬷йϣаЦ˵һܵ׸ڻǴ֮ø
໢ЦҲаЦ
ʱ䵽ʮ⾰໢˳ǽӼҶȥ
Ӽҵĵص㣬ѾȲȺˣڶᳵ·
˰Ӽң˶Ժ໢ſԺǽϣ濴
ĵˣҪȥͻȻˮһӰ֡
ϸһӰǸŮģȻǸߣ
⵹⡣
ҪҪȥʱʱո죬ͣ
֣ɡݣ˵ȻٶȲһǱ
໢⻰۾澹Ȼбٶȼӿģ
ϸؿˮ˵ģôˮݣӿıղŻڿҪҪߣڿȻǲÿˣɱԽˣ
Ů磬һʯ
໢ڵȣٴ붨
һûзٴ붨ˡ
Ūúܴ󣬻ЦӹȻҪȥһ
ۣ
ո磬ʶж˽ˣһǱģεǰƣﻹӰģһ֮ϴѹ
һˣһھѪ˳
໢ĿĴɣعЦ
أѵվؿ໢һϲʵؿһߴӺϳ˫ϧ񣬸署أżһž˹ȥ
ϸоΣգ˰æڵ͵ĿһۣղͻȻˣʱˡ
໢ıƽ粻ò
ֱţһģ󣬰໢Ľһƫ
໢һ㶡
뵽Ҳһߣ¸Сġ
һѳ
ҪˣͻȻ˰ĽŷźȻߡ
໢ĳδǰĳߵ໢°ͣ໢ƺһӵ˻ȥ
ڵϵ໢æû뵽ղѪھȻôҪǸղŲǳʱ͵ϮôԼóԴˣ
˿ˮеݣѳһٴȥ
綢ϥǣˣ뵽ˣš
һţ໢ϥ棡
໢¸ߣȣҲߵһ١
֮ģӵһš
ȣǶһв˵ģ
໢ٴαˣ˵ġص໢һվ۾ؿ߽
һι˹ٴγȣ໢׼һˣΪ֮ǿһ˻ȥ뵽ʽ٣·򵥵ûС
໢̽ط𹥻ĳͻȻһ٣Ǹղ˵ĺ
㲻£
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໢ĹС粻òʹػǣ˸أԽԽ
ʱˣ໢趯˫ɱȥ
ǵصĽâʹ粻òûվԭء
վԭأԼñͨҪɡݡ
紦ƣ໢˫಻Ҫַû취
Ȼ໢绹֣ȴһʱòݾˮУҪϵþˣͻ֦ˡһݣңδֱָҪƵһˡ
Ҳ֪иȻƵü׼Ƶûл֮ʱ򣬰δȥС
ΪյĽʱȴˣղܵǸȶأʱըʱᷢ
໢಻Ĺмܣ֧壬ڷˣһ٣۵񾭷һ£໢Ľָ۵һ壡
໢һԼĽͶظм䣬ûнˣ
Ѫ촽ţ໢һš
˼ųظҡҷȴܾǿûе£ƺ׼˺໢໢ǰԱ߲͵ؾһѽȥ
ƴ֮ͬ⣬ȴ֪
ոԱ߶ֻһӰӦ໢ȴѾˣ໢һֵѩϡ
ڵϣ໢ûϧְظϵĳ˳
һѪ
һɫȪ˪£
Ϊһߣ֡
ǲѪֻ»û⣬ûˣнȻѾ̳һѪˡ
óһƿӣ浹ȳճīҺ壬ؿϣֻīҺ̸ס˿ڣγһ㱡ĤѪ˿
໢ҲûٿɫˮأʯͷΪˮϲ˾ʹˮеŨҪĸߵö࣬໢һ룬͸о˲ͬ˿֪Ǳûˡ
ذɡݸ·סˡ
ɡµѪüͷ壬Ҳ֪ݻ᲻մˡ
ϸĵϴѪȻɡݱϡ
ߵǰ棬ԲѣֱִذץڼϣԺȥ
˭Ѳҹߵܹһϳ
໢һߣҽһײǽϣͷһûˡ
ֻȮҲ໢һһ̵ֻѪС
һˣûǽϳȥߵһСţŶ
˳ǽǽѾһ׼õˣץ˳˳ǽţԼĵصȥ
ʱ̩ɽϸİ䣬ȴֱӼҶȥ



83 ׷١

ҹڣ߿¡
粻ߣɽֵ硣
໢Ե磬ʮأڵ˺Լõĵط
еôȴܺʣ֪жŮﱻ
໢ܽʱѾ˽Ų¶аЦݡ
ű򿪣˵һ
໢ģûѹ
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໢һֻѺں棬ɡݾͲı
˵Ƿ˴򶷣һŽ
еͷ˿磬һѾմһ룬ЩطѪѾˣɫͺɫʱҲѪȾߵ㡣һǹɶϴ²Уʱܴһ䵭ˣ
Ů˻ɱðô㣿кջָ𣬡ˣôжζé˰ɣ
ղŸʦŵҩҺ
ô
Ȼˡ໢ӵ˵ֻԣмҪʦţڴ˺˧ǣ
кƵؿ໢һƥҹɫȥ˪µ磬ֻһӰ
ͷһ˯磬徵ڱɲҾ徣ظˣѪȾ½󣬶һɢŶȻխرŮҲһƷζ竣û䵽Ϊ˱Լ
ģ²ȫûˡ
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ҲҪȳͷ
кõʱѾˣȰϸѸ£
ȥʳء˵
һƥ
ʵûǳζ
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˽ӼҶԺһθоˡ
йһεǰϷɿɽ¶
߶ȫʹеṦɣٶӼҶ
ɽʱ򣬸оеЩŨԲ
֪⸽һݡ
ݣͿԽˡ
Ȼ·Ѿ˲ǵһˣǰҲûжΪʲôһβŸо
ڼֳˣȻҪǼȻҪģûͣɽ¶ȥ
ͬʱԶһɽϣ໢ɽ϶ȥϣͱɡݡ
оɡɢġ
ϣ⣬俴سŶˣ￩һ
ܵŴ˲һ֣ʹ˽ȥˡ
һ㶣ôҲ̫ˣֵǾȻûҪ˵ǴԶģûôУҪ˵ڽô
ԴѾʧڽֵˡӼǳ˰
ڴϣ䶼ѲӣӼҵļҶڻŵץҶʼʲô£ǰ仹ϵ￴һ
ӼҵĴŴţĸҶܿš
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˶Ժڽεܼ˵ŵʱ˵ղѺҽ˵һˣ˵һˣв˵ˣڹܼ˵һΡ
ÿ˵һζһ֣ûܱӣ˸°ˣۺڲ
ҽȫ޵ؿǽϣŮ˸ץˣСŮΨһŮ׶༪٣о춼̣ˣ
Ժſڣʬ壬Ѫ˵档Ӽҵ˶磬û
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˵﷢򶷣ˣ
ķ䣬ڴϿޡ
֮ǰƻӣڶʱѾ޲ˡȴûбƻ
鿴һûбŵƲҲױ˳
ƲûжôһˣǳŵƲģ
ѵƲŻԭԺӣҽѾΧڷˡ
ҽ˵˷ģһģ
˵ſˣҪȥ
˼סˣ۾ˮأɡݲˣ
ղšɽϵ
üͷһ¡
ڸղţѾ˴ɽˣһΣУҹһŮ˽ɽʲô䲻룬ҪϾȻ
ʱҲûʲôڲصģṦԺţֱ˴ǽӼңŶȥ
ҹܵһ룬ŲͻȻͣվԭش룬ͻȻӼȥ
ӼңȻںŷűˣڵҵ˺ۼȥġ
ҪɽǳţղŰܴ˷򣬻ͻȻ侲»ˡ
źۼţڳǽϷǴԾ㣬ġԤı
˳ǣĺۼ͸ˡ
Ȼһߣȴû½ŲȺۼǾͨٵĸ֣ڵҵµĺۼֱ׷
ܿ쵽֮ǰ໢˵ĵط
ʮƥӡֺۼ
ʮٵϿȥˣһƥۼһȥˡȻжȥǸɽķ
û취ͷȥ׷
ɡһǱǸȥɽȥˡ
ǣȥ
˭ϣ
ڽежϣһ߽Ӽң°磬ɡݣ˲ƶһˣһڵôԲ³ָʹߵˣҲǽӦˡ˵Ӧǽ˲ŶԣôͿˡ
ǸղɽϸоɡݣȴǺԼе롣
ĸָͨ
ͷĿɡݣҲܱߡ
ǣҲֻһܣǰһô˷ʱˣ˷ѵʱܾܵ˺ʱ
һܸˣ
ſϣϸزҡ
ϵĳӡģһ֮ͣǰµģҲʱĳӡһ뿪ʱĳӡ
ǶһǳԿһֱһˣûˡûб䣬ôжϣû
վɽ׷ȥ
ʮףٴͣסˡ
ע⵽һϸڣǹɴӼҳղһֱеģ޵ĳζ
Ȼ֪ʲôǳζ߲СĵԺеġ
ζѾŲ٣ǰ仹ŵһ˿
ղ׷ӦҲǲСĵˣɽķ׷ȴŲһ˿ˡ



84 ײˡ

ʧܣҲʧܣǰʵдգְֵʧܡ
ڶʱɽΪ̸߱Ϊ׺꣬Ҳϲš
հף޶
޶һܸŵ֣˵Ҳһˣֻ̺ܸ츳УûϵǰĿըĳ̶ȡ
˺ʱصץ׳׳˰ͼһͷཻ˰ͳԲˣ˵Ȼ֪ȥ˺ӵ˴󲿷ûֲֲཻ˰ӻزͷͷǸͶ˰޶ӣ°Ѱ޶ץԼǿӡ
Ѿϵˣû˿ܣӱ汻ˮˣļˣҲʧˡ
ӣںεĻˮҵӵʬ壬ҲһȻǻ¶һҺͲһҡ
֪ǾΪС̫ߵˣһʱͻɵͷ
ŹٲʱѾˡ
˶ʱöӶˣ粻֮˵öһͷǺ͸Ŷɽˡ
ԭ򣬲˶жǿ֪˶и磬ǱɽңҪȥ蹷Ĵɽկ棬ԼĴǻۣҪһҵ
ĲȰ˵ȥҷ蹷ͷ
ӵɱŵĵӣʵǰ޶⣬ȻԶǻۣĻ뵽ɽתͳɹӶӱ˵ĵ׬Ǯ֮ǰѾӹĸˣ׬һǮ·ʲôĶС⣬ҪȥͶܵǮȽţǷ蹷ĵܵܣ޶ǣѻ˶·ѡ
û뵽ڿϳˣڷ
ԺʦץȥĹӸˡ
СС󣬲ŷõġ
ûˣ󣬿ԵεϳԹ
ȴû뵽˰䣬ˡһˣⰽĿǡùģӦû뵽Щɽ񣬾ȻжԴ
ò׳Ĺ壬ָֻʱ
ȥɽˣΪЩɽµĶ
ɽûɳԣɽҡ
ɽµ·һСݣסһˣ޶һԵ飬ȥΣͷԼþò˵۾ɵôģֱֱصˣ
ð޶˰졣
棬˵Ĺ塣
˺þã֪ԭ󣬹껹óʱ䣬ġ
һʱſͷϿʼð˰̣һĹ꿪ʼð˳
ͷĹ꣡
ȵȫ󣬰޶˷ܵȥʼ˺ҧ
ûһͳˣڵϣù˵Ĺꡣ
ʱ·ƥ٣
˭ҹ˻
滹
ǴǴŮˣ
⵹ð޶¶ˣվ⿴ȥԶԶؿһʿĺӰԶ
Ҫȥˣôˣˡ
Ӻܿ쾭СݣȻ޶оһΣ
ѵҪ
ܿˣΪӺ棬һˡ
ٶȣȷ绹죬⻹
ˣҰ޶һΣûӰֻУţ
ôˣ
ҲֻŻԼļµĸоˡ
ҪҪܣ
ͷ
û洫һ𣺡վס
ͬըһ㣬˹ƺƵ˶죬ݶéݶˡ
ǰܵӣƥܵţ
ʿ֣ܿƺƥ
ҹģĸڰϺô
Ƕͣת
ǵתͷ·Ѿվǵǰ档
һ·׷٣׷֧ӣŵǳζԽԽŨ֪ˣǲ֪û
ʲôˣһʿʵ
ʿ˵ʹˣΪͻȻоǰһ˹ӹ
عѾӵм䣬ȥˡ
Ƿ׷׵תͷȴңӲϡ
ƥ߻棬һѴ򿪳ţһɶ˳ȴûˣ
ˣ
һƬ
һͷ˹һץһֻ԰׵ִӳС
һ˫Ժȴ躦µǰ档
ŵڿǰˣϰ
Ƥ֧֮Ųס۾һգʹӳ
æֽסؿڵ˿ںѪгҺˣΪ˿ڣһѪ˳ǳҺǺõĺܣѪֹܿסˡ
类˳һҪ˳
ΧѾΧ
ʵ̵Ŀ
ذϣó⻨˿ڼѨλϿٵشѨסѪڡ
ǺˣȻռҵĳݣһ
ܶ졣
תϣһѺᵶؿŰ䡣
Χ
ԭµ֡
ϳҲͬϳ˰䡣
㣿ʵڲţһ
ȻϵӣȻ˫׷ǵӣһڻİΧ£м䣬Ȿ¿Ųͣ
ѺŸϣ˹˵кܶ飬Ҳͺ棬ҺҪһ㣬ǵˣҾòӵһҪ֪ĳ֪ҵġ
һͨеһһ㶵ġ
ʲôӵ
ĿˣйŹֵؿʵ㲻ǿţ
ǰҲαװԼһЦ
۾һɣ⻰ںͬʱҲŭ
ͷӵһָɱ
ƥͬʱ߶ǿ׳㣬ϵɱ졣
䷴һһѷɵǰȥ

һҽС
ѾڵϣһѺᵶϡ
ţ13кŷɵദ
ʱӰˣзѷɵɱȻһ壬һλΪѪ
ƥԽԽӰǳȥ
ռһĺᵶ𣬰ͻȻһƥ²ȥ
ǹһȻм们˹ȥеĵ˹ȥ
䴩˺ʱмƥĸͻȻ˻һ죬Ѫ೦Ӷ˳˻һǰһϵʿϱ˳ȥ
ʿ˼ȦˣĺᵶڴʱСĨԼĲӡ
ƥǰʧȥĿ꣬ͣǸתѾ˷һƥһѵʿĲһĨһѵ˳ȥһʿ̫Ѩϡ
һƣ͵ˡ



85 

۾һɣգۼɱˣһƥѪޱȣޱȣѸޱȣ
ֱվϣһѷɵֻմѪЦؿеˣͬħ٣
ӵĻͷһһĵģһκɱ
һأԳ߶ƥ
õıǺᵶĺᵶϣõһİ硣
İг൱׶೤ʮҵǲͱ
ͷӰѲõıõã񣬾ٶҳ㷹׺Ƹ˵һս
۾ؿǰ
һ˰Ķǹҵ
Ҫ
һеķɵԼŵƣ˳ȥ
зһһ֧Ӽͷβг롣
һ̣һƺ
һóͲʿͷһţ13Ʒɵֱ
أ˭Ҳ벻ķɵ֮񣬿¼󣬻ɱ˹֣
ʱǶעڻͷӵϣն
ˣ仹վϲ
µڴɱ궯߶ȴվվƽأƶȴȻֱͺǰϵһһ㡣
İһЦ˳ȥеĵİײһֲȫţ13ƷɵϣŷɵڰϣŴ˽µϣ
˿
µȴ˻һȥ
˵ϣһڵϣϵĴȴסˡ
Ѿû˵еİղžȻжˣ
Ǵ˵е
Ҳˣ񶼲ǰĶ֣ôأ
û̫ʱ˼ѾȥˣҶĲӿȥȻõһ£˶гˡ
Ⱥˮеĵһһܲһ
ԶʿɵȥٲûжĻᡣ
ܣһϣֲȴһ̱أѹˡ
ʮʿܿ챻ˡ
Ѿˣ·ϴ۵
䷢Ṧ׷˳ȥûһһҵ˻𣬹һͿи˻ˡ
еֽѾϵˣڵҲûվ
¹⣬Լ
ЦؿʵҲ֪ʲôӵ˰ɣ˵ɣΪʲôҪץ磬Ǹ˭ȥ
нҧأĿ񶾵ؿȴǲ˵
Ĵһҽ
ĵʹʹ־Ͻæ˵˵˵
ѵӰγŴȣԼԹ˵˳Ҫһ磬ལǵ໢ȥץȴû뵽˳໢˵ҪʦţѾˡ
Ѿ˵ˣ𣿡Щ԰ʵ
ĻҲ֪ǲ֪ɡݣǲ֪ġǸεʦ໢֪֪ͲһˡǱŵƲȥģ໢ɡݣལǹԼԵİɣ
ô໢磬øۣ
ͷ˵ˡ
һϲ۾ͻȻ˫ŲӣѪϵ硣
ȥﱨɣ
һƣ󱳵·ɾֵѪ·ϲ˲
ţ13Ʒɵܵһʹãȥ󣬾͵һ
ٵȥʬϰγɵ
·éݷһʬ壬ͻȻ̧ͷ˿ӣ
ˣΧضûˣһλ¹ˡ
ǰһ֧ѣӽéݷ𻯵ˣٱʬ帯õúá
һˣɱ˲գۣҲΪһʶȥ˵һѻ
ڷİ޶ɲͬĺģúӶ°Լأ
ԽԽˣ仹棬ԼȴǲҳȥҪǳȥ˱俴˰
ܿ죬䱧ϵŮˣɽȥˡ
һȷ뿪ˣæӻ˳ȥ
棬ֱ˼ʬ֫Ѫأһ˵á
ôҵһ棬޶˼ˡ
ôˣһʱͻкܶԳԵˣ
Ҹ̫ͻȻˣ
Ц
ʼʬϲ鿴һɱ꣬ղǵĻƺ˵ռҵˡ
ռҿɲˣû뵽ռҵ˶ɱ⵨湻ʵġ
һʱһ޶˺ҧЩ꣬һһɵ
һɱģҲһԵġ
ΪһԹˡ
˵һߣ䱧ɽȥ
˿̫ˣȻ໢ҩΪֺУҲ֪ҩΣʱΣգôΣգ
֪ĺܶ취ﶼȱҩġ
Ψһܾģֻˡ
ιСӣɲɰطûġ
Ҷʲôҩ磬ؿڵĿֲڣҪĵҩ̫ͼˣô߼ĵҩҪҩľͶˣֻ̫ڵˣûҩ
һ뵽üͷ
Ϊ˸ˣṦܵӰ죬Сʱŵľ
ľϣó⻨˼ѨλڵʹתάԶָܡ
Сݣ̧ͷ˿һȫǱʱȴ֪֡
ղŻһֱʱȻˡ
ͷ㲻¶˽ʵ
黹û˵
˫֣˵ãڸĳ
Ȼ㲻ǾͲҪˡ
ûĻûĲųƵ˵
Ͳ˾Ͳ˽
˵֦ܶҶ˵һЩҩӰɡ
ҲáҲظ˵
ģȴǲûУһһԪ
Ȼ֪вǻǱҪߣ
ôô޳ܣ㡭ðɣ֪ҩӣҲ֪ҩЧΣԼŰɡ
˵֮󣬰ԺʮҩӣÿһҩӶϰζҩġ
ܿҳƴ˵ҩκҩβǴЩҩҶƤģҶ¶á
˰СʱŴӳ˼ѹһѾźһµҩ
һľﻹڳ˯磬תȥɽҩ࣬ûҩġ



86 Ѫ

ʩôɽµŴ򿪣ϴһӡͲСд߳䲻ɾȵʵ
ʱʱڰҪĲҩɼˣװĵɽ
ҩģҪһҩ¯
Χֻˣ԰ˡ
ǵģСʦһҩ¯ֵؿСеôˣ
ǺǸܺͰˣӦò˰
˵Լܾ͸оһӻһ밽ȥһ˵ùģһ֮ͣ˵Ҫ˯һҪҪȵġϴӲʣ˵ûʹ˰һƣһˡǸϾһˮͰװˮˡ
ˮݣ
ҲûжƷвõˣˮݣͻȻһ¡
ɡݵ໢пܵ
ʲôʱߵģ
һʱǰͻȻܳȥˣʩȥ
Ļûнס䣬ܿ첻ˡ
İ䣬ٶȣڵҵ໢ȥĺۼһ׷˼ٶףȷ໢ȥûˣҪھȥ໢Ϊ籨
ǽ˵໢Ѿ뿪һʱˣ׷ȥֻµð׷ľ֮УҪҩʵںĲ԰仹Ƿ໢¡
ܿŰˣĪʵʩ
ҩ¯ѵ
Ŷܵһͷתȥҩ¯ˡ
ӷ𣡡һ𣬾Ͳǿ˳
˫ֺʮʦ
߿ˡ֪ߴкΪͲǿշׯϵʵ
һ徲ˣȾڰϵѪɱԵظܵˡ
ˡ򵥵˵
ͲǿնסˣƺӰϸܵɱ˾Ǿˣìȴֺг
Ͳҩ¯߳ţͲǿջ﷢
ʩ˵ʦǲɶˣܻͷĵؿ˿Ͳǿգ˵
һһ磬ֻûʦľѡһͷͱҩ¯ˡ
С·صľݡ
⣬ֻǻǱѪˡ
ǰ䲼µ󷨣ʹǿˡ
һǶоΣյϢϼβˡ
ľݣ绹ڳ˯̫ʹұ˯֮Уüëšú֪ܽ˯òȡ
ҩ¯ḧһĶͷƺиоһ㣬üչ࣬Ҳƽ˼֡
ͨҩѾɽҵˣ߳ľݣ̧ͷ
жʮףҪȡһҶƤҩ
ιιСҪŵ㣬ҪȡˣˡæԸ
˵ȡмġ
Ϊʲôȡģ鷴
䲻ֶ˵вУ
Ѱ䵱ûʶ˶
첻˵
ߵ棬һɣȥ
һֻһУܿ쵽ʮ׸ߵĵطͣ
ιٸһ㣬ﲻУֳֹԺ󻹻᳤ü׸ߣʮ׵ĸ߶Ժˣﶯӣ˺̫ˣιιôôµӣ
ûϻóӣңĵ򵥵ؾһƤȡһģӨ񣬹ȻͷȻһ㡣
ժһ֦֦һҶӱ£黹ڱԹ
Ӽҵɡݱˣ׷ͰŪ档ҪٱԹ˾ʱ䣬Ǿûˡһ仰µˡ
ɽϱûУȴǺܶ࣬Ϳʼҩ
ɽĸҩģ˳طŽҩ¯
ҩ¯ֻһͨҲֻͨĲҪɽҩôҩö࣬ҩЧҲҪõö࣡
ֻؼˡ
ҩʱҲһ߸ģԼ޸
壬Ȼԭͨ˵壬ֻͦסˡ
һʱܳ飬ɽʱʱܻһֱڵһ¡
ҩЧǿҩĵҩЩɽҵͨҩģǺװҩģĵҩȽ˵㡣
һֱҩ¯ǰ˺ҹˣҩżã
ҩ¯ĸӣһƮɢ
Ȼǳˣ
¯ﾲǳɫСӣӨ
ǰҩĵҩ˳ҩŽȥʹҩԲͬ˳ϣҩǣʹòͬҩһ𣬵֮󣬾µҩˣ
ǰ䰴ҩɽҩģɽѪ취ģСӵ㣬ȻѪζ
ǼˮѪ
Ҳ֪ˮѪҩЧΣ
ŵȡ˳ƬҶϡ
ҩ¯֮Уһֲҩҷűá
ŵ裬ߵǰ棬ŪС죬һѪŽȥ
ѪڼҩҺٶȣڡ
ֻһ񣬲԰׵ɫܿ
ͷ΢΢ա
Ѫ˼壬ǿ׳Ѫ޲ܴ֮õҩ֮һ
ŵҩѾЧ߻ҩ¯ԱߣŲҩﵽǰ
֪໢ӵҩʲô˿ڲѪǶԶ޸˿ڵòѪȻҪǶҩҺ
ǱŤˣʱҲὲʲô֮ġ
ɫӣؽ⿪һ·ͳˡ
·棬һɫĶǶ
Ƕ˿Ҫ⿪Ӻӣǣ̫󣬰ɴСһ¾ͰӸпˡ
ǶĲƬΪ˿ڵѪ̶һ𣬰Ƕʱǣ˿ڣһ¡
Ƕѩ׵ظΪȾѪԵúֻһͦĴм䣬һֲ˿ڣ
Ҫ˿ڣۣһ̡߽ƺѵģůطԸһ㣡
ǣ˵ƺˣһƽࡣ
˿ΧѨλ˼סѪλóɾĲƬȥ˿ϵĳҺ
˿ϲõۣޱġ
Ȼڳ˯Уǻ۵ֱ
İ䣬ЩԼΪ̫ͣȻԼһˮͿֱɾЩҺˣҪһһ徻
ȻڣϵĶȴûͣ٣æһӺɾˣæó¯׵ҩͿȥ
Ѫҩֹ۵ãоظһƬʹܿ࣬һ
˿ڴú·ִ˻ȥʱҹԱߴ
һθҩʱսñҹһЩѩ׵ظѪҺˡԺܲ



87 

СϪߣ˳ˮͲнܡ
ϪûĽܵļʵ
ܳһȻֵʩѪˡ
ǱӢ۾һɣͰˡ
ʵ˵û
ӹˮͰ˵ԹȥǱ꣬ˮͰ谳һ¡
ͲܵͷԹԵȥˣṩӪΪ̻ס
ˮͰˮͻľݡ
õӰĶǶһ֣ʹá
·һν⿪ǶմʪزѩظѪ
رȾ˴Ѫ֮ǰʱûϸϸʱָһδεظ뵯ԣȥѪԿϸ⻬ƤӨ͸һССࡣ
ûҲһѪ̲꣬סЩ
ϻڹ뷿ֻǿ˴õıԵޱȼˣֻȴԼϣʱ
ҪǣϻǷޣҲԼġ
һ뵽嶯ˣҲɴһ֡
ظϵ˿ڣæȸѪ˵
ظ꣬Ķ
ȴû֣ʱ۾һۡ
۾ǰĺܰԼ⿪·Ȼ۾һֺߣȴǷӦ
ҲûгֻǾؿذѪۡ
ú棬ϵѪˣҲѪۣȻȸһСƬѪۣǾһϴɾˡ
ϴظͶӣѹǰŪġȻѹߣǸǿİůѺ߸嵭ࡣڣȴԼķ羰ȥ
ʲôˣŮ֣ʹгȴҽг
ȴһ¡
һ£ϸоˣѹˡ
ˣȻԼʦƺзɡ
ӷŻȻͣƺ֤Լղˣå
ô죿
һݣȻˣôͰѺˣҪǹԼĻҲۿˣԼֻѪ۶ѡ
ǽһĻˣкɻͼĲĿ棬ز
ȸʹ̲סӲһգպޣ
Ѫ۲࣬ܿˡ
ϵãȻʼ·
۾͸ˣȴͨ졣
ѪЧѣɫ󣡡һ˵ѪϴɾˣӦò˰ɡ
ЩȻǹ˵ġҲǱ֪Щµûһ
ɲôˣ
ǣڰ·ʱ촽ȴܼᶨ󱳻С
⻰һӰѰŵöסˡ
ʲô˼˵ϴ󱳵ѪۣҲҪѸղŷ飬̯֮
ôһ£Ҫ˲ɣ
ˮ޺峺
䱻һ飬òĻ
Ŷ
·ҲٴˣȻ·¶ĺ󱳣ȻմСѪۣȴӰ㱳
Ȼȴһֱƽ㱳ϴɾˡ
ʱɲ룬ʵظϴúٴ·
·󣬷˯شϣо翴ԼĿⲻһˡ
һ־͹С
֮ǰֻһ޵ݣȴͬĴڡ
һʱĺøе翪ʼͬˡ
ǶǴǳϵġ
һΣյʱ򣬰־ҵѹʱڸӣȫˣͬ
ʱѾԼȫȫذԼ˰ӣﵽӡ
ȴû뵽Щ᲻ء
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88 ໢

ɽ·ϣıŮڱر𻰶࣬԰ǿʲôʲô
̩ɽϵӼֻĸСʱṦʶĶ˳
һԸʣһԸ·ǲġ
ɽ·ȻǲṦ⿴ܳɽ
磬ǰͻȻһԻ
ƺҲһһűаŰ䡣
ԴһᣬģԸĳ
Ի˰һ
˵Сˣ·ôôƮƮģðΪɽֳ߶ˡʱϳˣ㲻ǡ˰ԭ㣬ղŶе
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ǰע⵽ǳԻһӡüͷһ壬ʵϵİƣʲôʱ£
Իһ㶣ԼҲʣ峤˵ˣˣˣԸʲô¶һҪⲻǶ˵ľηҲǱ
һ·Ĵ򰳡ǰ˰ǳ壬Ҫס˼죬ƢǳãһвԵĵطһƸкü˶ˡ峤ðǶܳ嶯ҲšڰǸˡԻܲ˵
ܷе˵·Ҳ̫ˣҪûߣ÷ȥѵһ١
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ǰƺòһ㣬Ҷø裬ش˫ϣ໢ֻмܵķˡ
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89 ɽ

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Ȼ໢һ·򶫶УôҲ򶫶С
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Ϊ͵ϮԼЦȥ
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ףҳϦ֣

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91 ʯκͱΡ

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ʯںģͺ׾ʯ̫ԶⴿĲС
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һλȵòͷˣԼҲմˮԡ
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½ϺžĪ
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̧ͷʱĿ⾧ŵ˵⣬±ˮ
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ӣôģһλæʵ
⻰ȴ½ɫһ䣬ֻһ£ɲԸýİ취ˡȻԸ⡣
ļ˭ң1½Ըξ½Ҫչһ£֪ηλͳˡ
ܰԵ
Ͽ˺ŮǿܲõӰӡ
λ֪λش𣬵Ŀȴαܿž
žЩ˼˵½ˣʵڲ˼֮ǰżҵĲҵȻ½Ҫ͸½ˣ
Ϊ뿤ľһ֣˽һЩҵҲ顣žˣЩˡ
½ΪֻˣԲŸԵҪչżҵģ亹һ¡
ڹټǰˣ簡żңҲ̵뿤ø
û뵽żԼԼ֮ǰżҵĵżҵô
ٴ亹һ¡
żҾȻӦԼ½뵽˰䣬żͬ⣬Ϊӡ
žֻǿԼĹϵһ㣬˲ġ
뵽ǽܵģԵҲˣƽ
俴ɲȻǾȹףҲͬ½һѣżҲӰ죬ͬ׬Ǯ⡣
ĳž˼ǸĳȷʵǴ˽ģСˣĳҪıη뿤뿤仧һҸϱܵ͢õ͵һݹ͡ʶ½ˡ½ܰһС
ǿ½ηôӦϵġԲŻֱ½ϡ
Ҫϱǻᱻѧȥ½ϵĵʵ



92 ˡ

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ᣬֻϱΣðηϽȥ
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ҪϽҲ޷ſةܿ½ϵθˡżҺ½ѡ˵
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½⻰۾һϲòС
žˣͷ˵ǵȻżһӭأ
ұ£η˵һ飬ԺͲεˡ̬ҪϣĻε¡
žæóһ֧ëʺһž᲼ëͷϻ˻ʪˣдˣ̧ͷڴؿŰ䡣
ԼīˮȽٰëīӲˣͷ£
ãû͹˼ƽϣ˵ΪʯԵˮУˮʯܺλһôС衣
žˢˢд¡
ղ˵ǵβΣΪǵ̫ˣֻºǵﲻɾˮɾйϵرɹεߣһɹҪ࣬ôʱҲû߶ȥɹõ±ˮߵģҲǰ׵ġ
ηñ֮һֻˮΣˮ󣬽ɵı͵ͬڰˮˮȡˣˮһôʣµľֻ±ˮˡ
ֻҪ׼㹻ʯȻһĲۣͿԸɾˡ
˵žҲˢˢдˡ
дȴͷ˼þò
˺һŸпʵû뵽ССΣȻƷɹ±ˮֻ֪ɹȴû뵽ñ
û첻ʯʱʯص
Աߵλ˵һͲðѴˮɹֱ࣬ӷһñһͿԳ±ˮˣ²ųһΣڿ԰³һˣ
һ˵ҲðѼĶɹˣ
Σʡʡʱ֮ͳɹηҪЧʵöࡣ
λ̣мңһ۾Ϳ޺ô϶Ц˻
žϲɫ˵˴һĳΪҪڱ£Ǵһ½ʱֵʢ֮βһ·ǿдѴŵؽѲرҪǰʯƱ֮ϸ£ñڴҲܳԵʳȻմá
žҪȥƨ˵εһ֣һϡ
žоżҵĸǣΣʱ˸ףڼƿʱһżȡñµĻģʱҲԶˡ
žϢȥӵʱصҲ̲סܳҰ䣬ǴʱİѾ뿪ˡ
̩ɽ֮УʱɡݵСϪȥ
֮ڸϵСϪߣϪߴϪˮ
ԶԶؿСϪˣüͷһ¡
һŮžװкڣձһϢͬͨˣ֮ˣ˵ڡ
ɡݾǲԶǲǷ˰ɣ
ӿ˽Ųȥ
Ҳ˰䣬ؿнѾ鵶ʡ
мһˣĸߴ󣬺ɫľװճŵһ鷢ļ⣬ĿشȻ߹ûͣİ䣬лȽȴֿΪֱ治Ƿͬˡ
һߵˣ˵ߡ
⻰һ˶е⡣
ΨһŮʳĻĽʦ֣֪ǵ٣ΪʲôҪ뿪
ΪĽݵ侲˵˽֦ǿȥ˻ϡ
⻰⣬ѵô˶Ըһ˻½֦ѵĽʦˣǿ߹жֻǿ׳һЩѡ
ĽݲΪߵģҲߵģȫҪĽݵĻֻñ졣
Ľתζȥ
뿪Ǹʱ䣬Ľݵ۾Ϫߵһˮϣ΢΢ЩƺЩ죬ƺʲôͬ벻
˿ĽˣҲˡ
ԽԽƽǣʱϪߵɡݰ𣬶ƺֻҪϪͣѣûע⵽ɡݡʱԼˣת뿪ˣһ
Ҳá
ڲԶҵ֮ǰ໢װɡݵľͰϧɢˣľͰǼƬľͷƬװˣɢ˲õģľͰʼװ
˲ԶĽͻȻͣ
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ʦŵһϵ鼮Źĸݡݱĵر֮٣һǧǰݻңҶһףɽ￴˿ϳժɹЧǿҩˡھɽҲҵһݡҲͱԽԽôˡ
ڹ֮ˣȻʦҪ¶ףǶ˾ͷ£ʱûù֪ʶҶˡ
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Ľݸղžɡ죬ӡǴ׶ġ
ʱҲûɡʲô׼ݣ˵С
ףʦüãӦûǵá
ĽʣΪСʵŮ֮࣬ǻشȻǵá
һֲݣˮУߡѸղſɡݵ״һ飬ֲϣмأ
ŮɢС૵ʱ˵ⲻǾŮɢʦôˣ
ɡڹ֣ɻˣŮɢݣһЩ
С˵֣Ľ۾ﱬһ⣡
û
С㶣ƺ뵽ʲôʵʦǿ˾Ůɢݣ
ûǸղŴϪߣһŮɢݡǻȥǲݴʦš˵꣬ת߻ȥ
Сʺһϲæϡ
Сʼ䳬ˣһһ߰ѾŮɢݵ˵˳˵ֲھ֮Уʹͨ٣١Ҷ֦вͬҩЧһҩҩ
⻰˵Ӽᶨ˵õŮɢݵľġ
ǽų̷ɿ죬ܿصԭĵط
ͻȻͣסˣһ˶ϪߣѪľŮɢݱסˡ
ʱɡݣܲ˵͹ġŮɢݡ߹ϵεȣɡݵֳˌ˿ʡ
ǣֺòãڻ᲻ʹݡ
ԱǸɡݵĹЧ
ղűǵʱͶԱߣĽݵ˶ڿǣ
ϻǲϣ



93 ͷ

Ľͣԭء
ݾǰ֪ݵļֵ
ǡ
ǰŵˣĽ͸
ûĽݿ߹ʱ飬ʣһηľֻڸϲſľͳˡ
ȴΪǹһ㡣
ʱԥ
Ϊһδ֪˶ݣ
Ϊ˵õݶ̽һ̽˵ĵף
ʦ֣
ĽݻûСȳˡ
Сʵı飬Ҫǰɱ
ֻǸͨ˶ѡ

ϵһԱһӹϵس󵶣ȥ
ĽûгֹŴӿ䡣
ݣ
һӰ
ĽݺСʸҪСġ
һѷɵѾ˴ӵǰˡ
۾һɣЩŵؿǰķɵ
ɵٶȷɿ죬صĵطϪߵĶʯʯͷͬһ㣬ɵһ롣
ö־ŰѼӲĶʯȥˣ
ٶ˵ˡ
ھǣ׼ٿ
ǻʱ򣬾Ѿˡ
ǵĶԻҲðˣȻδᵽһɡݣǲôǲ⣬ɲǺɫ
һѷɵھǡ
һѷɵĽݿԼĵǶԵġ
һز¶ļһ
ʹʧϼصľŮɢݣĽݲġ
۾תת⣬ǰ˼Ѵһ
վɵµʯͷǰ棬䱧ȭ
ĽݻӣʲһҩϪߣѸ㡣
ɡѾֲľͰ
ŪЩľͰװЩˮ͸㶨ˡ
ʱˣһ־衣
ܸо⼸˵Ϊ໢磬Ҳûʲôɵ
Ҳ֪ȥΪʲô
仰Ȼǳɡġ
һһҩϪߡ
ǲҪ
תЦؿˡ
Ľݻ˵ǵĲҩʱڰϡ
ľͰһ

һ֣˵
һţƣ죡
ĽݻΪߣ밽һʱоһϣ
رĹ඼ֹͣˣ
ʱĽݻ֪ĸоûд
͸Ϊǰ̫ǿˣ
ʱݾڰУǰȥûС
߹Ľݻˡ
ߵ˷ɵصĵط˷ɵʯͷγתߡ
СʿŰıӰϱľͰɡݾͺղľŮɢһ
ɴ۾
оŮɢݡ
ղʦ˵ľһꡣ
ղǾݴˣ
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ǺĻԽԽղŸǵƣҴ˵Ӯݡ
Ϊءȥʦϣȴ°ˣʦ¡
Ľݻ˵
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ĬĬصһͷ
Ľݻת뿪Ҳ뿪
뿪Ϫߺ󣬾ûĽݻһˡ
ֻһȺΪ͵˶ѡ
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ٵȥ
ϴһʯ
е˷ܣڵͷҲе˷ܡ
ʯͷ󷨲Ͼȫˡ
֮ǰ׷໢ߵ·Ƚ϶ֱ࣬·ֻһ죬͸ϵľС
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󷨴Ժ
쵽棬ϵĲ׳
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˼Сʱڰ󷨸㶨ˡ
ëһӣóʯ
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ţⶫѧˡ
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׼ˣͷ
ڴ˳ƵĻӦ֣֮С
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ˣҲͷֲʲô
Ե
оԼҪﵽƿˡ
ֻҪŬһ£ͿԳĲˡ
һԼƽǰ
һתγɵڸѹС
ϳˢž
ԽԽࡣ
شﵽ˾ı͡
ǣҪȴԽԽѡ
ҲԽԽѡ
һֱȶŬת
ֻҪŹȥˣͿԴĲˡ
Ҳ֪ǲǴеŨһӸ
ѣʱһһЩ
һֵȻԼ˰
Ҫһһһ
һϲתǼתˡ
١
ڴﵽһ졣
ȫÿһ쾭ŵԲ
ʱͻȻըĵﴦƺһµء
ʧصر˵
ȥ֮һƸڵ֮С
Ķ
һ£££
䣡
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䶨һƬȾڵ֮С
һƮ˳ȥ
ڽǰһֹ
ͨٻѨͨɶص
һζͨˣ



94 ؼҡ

ڵܴʻϣ˴ǿ
ԭխСĵĳ㼯ڴˣޱߡ
ϸһľ֮Уˢھϣ񶯴һĲ
ʶǿ࣬ǿҲǿһ㡣
ĳǽڱˣļͬբĺˮһӿ
ǰǿʶɵؾЩʧصĺˮ
򵥵ָ£Щļ䣬ԹԵĻ
ͬһ¼ƬһģСʱļ䵽ϵǰ
֮ǰ仹ᵣԼΪûļ䣬Ϊ
Щ䣬ǵڶˣȫ̵ĽһС
ļ䣬һƶũͥһŶӣƶΣŵľϲɽ֯һ
ԭΪΪǰ;Ż׸ӼңǼȴעѾˣǵĶúĻ˵ѾŮ񣬶ߣĶ󡣱ûлõģ˲ˣӼϢϲˡ
ĲŻ׵ɹ׸ˡ
һŮĺߣûаԼ˵ڱʼ׸ĻʱʾԵἰǰ;ʿ;
ֻ˵ɵҪἰǰһİĽ֮飬ôĹϵҲ⵽˳̶ȡ
֪Ϊǰ;׸Ʒ
ʹȥϵˣǸ
뻵ĻȷǿƺȾƣӦôһ㡣
˾ƺȥ綴֪ܾˣܵ
֮ǰõļ仹ȫʱ򣬰仹֪С˺һ١
ˣ⸻ȴѾԼĹ֮ˡ
ļѾΪһ֣Ϊʶǿ㹻ˣûܵ
Ʋٹġ
˸ղųصʱ̣Χ쳣
۾ϸ۲Χ
ϸȥӴȻԼ׽ܶࡣ
ͷɹˣ
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ƺڻشһ㡣
ͬѰ֤ͷȻɹˡ
һЦ
ͷ֮Ľȴû֮ǰһ㡣
Ҳ֪κͷ˵ˡ
ֻܸЩ
ǰֲֲ֪ڱʲô
۾ʼĲΪ
嵽Ĳ㣬ʵӵĲһ
ת֮󣬰۾
һ۾˳
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۾ָƽ
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Զһһ˺ϱĴһ֡
ӰӻһУ˳ȥ
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м䣬һ׵Ŀӡ
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ԱߵľͰԸһ䣬ɽˡ
¡
ʦˡءͲܺܲԸ˵
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Թأ˭ðûǺùӳԡ
ʩͲ˫ֺʮ˵
һվĥôãʲôԵģ
Ŵ󵶣Ͳ˲һ¡
Сʹվס˵ҪСʦôò
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СʲΪ˵ʦ˵ˣΪأҪ֦ٹ죬ҪǵΰҵҪΪ¾ͻ˴¡
⻰һӱ졣
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ŰȥɡݸֻˮУ丧ʯͷϵѪЩۡ
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ǵŴϢҲܹ˼ҡ
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͵ʦǸղž˵أ˳ʸΣԱжʲôʱܽʦ֮С
ǰ˵ûܸˣǵ˺棬ɫͻȻ
ҪǽʦţҪͰֿˡ
ڴĽǲ̫Ըġ
ȥΣȥ㲻ɡŵ˵
˵ôԵЦˣҲͲٵ¡
ɡﰲȫҪ˽ô죿ݣ絣ĵ˵
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˵ʱ򣬲˴̩ɽˡ
ʶɡݵġ
Ҳܼɵ˶Էϱ
һͷ
໢ûܺʵ
ţһ׷ɱ蹷ڸɱ˸Ǿ½һ½ϸм밳Ҫ¡еҩϴǱҩˣɱ˺󣬰Ͱ໢һȺ󣬽½ˡ
֪Щ顣
ռö˵أѾ֪бɱˡĿҹʹ
¶֮ɫ˵ðúܿ¡
Ŀ˰ϴο֪˲򵥡
Щ顣
û£ǲ鲻ģֻҪԼ˵ȥͺá䰲ο



95 ƻʦá

Űȥ׷°ӵĶ׷ˣ
Ŀƽ
ȫ˵ܵܵıӡ
׷ˣһ٣Ǳˡ
ź˵
ʲôˣ
ˣӦԿ
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üͷһ˶˵ֽţֽٲ°֮ͽûɲ׷
ĿһͷϿ˰Ļ
Ϊ׷˲ץȥ٣ˣ
΢ߣ׷һ٣Сıˣ׷Ͳ֪ȥˣ
⻰Ŀ۾һ˿ɲʧ
һʧ飬ӾӦͽ˵һͨȻĻȻվǣ뿪Ӽҡ
Ŀţ˳ȥµʰ䣬˵㿴˰ɣôô£
һͷ˵Ϊʲôģ
ͷ
һһĽͣ㣬ǲԼıˣǰѸ˵һˡ
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һģУǱĥˡȻûĿвΪ϶ֵԴǲٵģϴԴˡһеġ϶ˣȫҲϴˡĿһֻռϵ
ĿҪסԼĸˣǱˡ
˸ӿ£۵
䲹һ¿հףĿһܵܣֵܡ
ļռϵȼ˽Ⲣࡣһֱֻ˵ռӣôͻȻˣ
԰ѯʵĿ⣬˵㲻֪ҲΪ˵ռҵӸճûãͱ˱ˡ
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ǣ˵ռҵֱϵģֱϵˡĿУܵλߵġ
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룬õ˴Լһͷ
ܣλǰһֱ˵ƻʦá
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ʦá
ƻʦһ۶ûУ۾ϴûһ΢΢üͷ
ƻʦõı飬һ㶡
磬һǷľƻʦܳʵ
һæͣûУδϹ
ΪƶϱϢȫޣ֮һǰ磬ҵȫϡôģ̫ƶʧˣƻʦͱˡ
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תͷĿ׺ݵ䣬˵һ鷲򣬾Ȼޣ
뷢쭣Ҳ̫ˡ
Ȼ׼ʦֻðϡ
ƻʦȴûоʹֹͣȵӻڣ
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ˣƶᵹҪ˵һ˵ôõŮȻ˸׸񣡡ƻʦðԼĵλŵӼҸ߸ϣҽ˵Ҳܲ
ʵڿȥˣ˵ƻʦãҪȻ֮ѹԸֻʹ﷢ӲϼѣҪô°빦
סڣƻʦú˵㶮ʲôȻǰ±֮Ůڶ࣬ʦŶѡֻľߣܽʦš
תͷ磬о֮ɫƶһֱ㣬û뵽ȴʧˡٸһʱ䣬㻹ܺúǾ;˽ͷ
类˵ᶼҪˡ
ȴһ仰ȴ˵
ƻʦƺĿ磬ŻƶҪȥһͽٹ㿴
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գգۣƻʦãƺĴʣֻǵһϼѵŮӶѡ
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ܳȥƻʦá
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ͳ
ҧҧҪصȥӣĵ
ܲᣬȴò
˾ǲ˯һˡ
˿ԼŵŴͬкܶˣȻûͻһ㣬ܰĸоȴһ㡣
ʱһ졣
ԣûĸоˣľˡ
ȻһѵľҰ˰Ὺ˯
ð˯Ǳߵ鷿ȥ
ĨĨᣬȥ鷿ʰһ£
򿪷ţѾԺˡ
鷿ʼʰ
Щ飬һѾͷģŴŮͻݾʰǲʰҪʰҲˡ
ƺٶд֣鷿ڷŵĶûô
ϼֽʰ롣
ͻȻܺ氽ƽʱдЩʲô
һŷǰֽÿ
ڶžȻһͷЦ˳
ţ12345֡
ţ˫ޣʡ
һʲô
ʣΣƺǡ
ε˵Ҳ˰䣬˵Ǹѵʡ
֪Լ⣬ܺذֽдһʸϵ
鷿оʺĹһЩؼֱд
İţҲд棬Ǻʱ˫޲ʱֽϡ
ǹؼֻֽԼ֪ģ翴뵽ȥˡ
Ϊ֪ʣͨջȥֻҪһ̶ȣͻЩΪԺ˫ޣԼ
䲻ͺεһҪռԼ
ԭĺãƭģ
һ˲ģ



96 һҳֽ

Ů澭
ٴγɫЩš
ʻһ䡣
ûᣬش
ҪǰѧŮ澭׼һʱ㣬ѧҲû⡣Ϊһ¡
Ȼ뵽
ȻҲһˡ
Ժٽ̰˫Ӻ޹ǲǣӱ˵
ǡͷ
޼ޣ𣬻õź
ֻҪͰ˫ޣõĴ֮壡ҧűݣ޵ض԰˵
ˣоƺЩԾ
ʲôôˣʱ
һֽӵ˰ϣתˡ
ֽǰдֽţˡ
Ϊ߷޵˫ޣͨ޵ɶ¶һ޼仹Ϊɶ᣿
Ͳᣬ
Դ˲ӣûгԷûлضԺžе
ȥԭԺӣ̶Ѿͷƴס
ǰֱһᣬͰƵһˡ
߽棬һѽֱָ䡣
Žһ˵ˣһ䣺һס
ȥҪöࡣ
ʵôˣúõͻȻѵƻʦõӰ죿
ʲô£

˵ûҪĴ֮壿
ǹ£ͷС
۾ĺ⣬ͽð;Է书ӽ𣬰겻Ƿޣ
⻰˵þ壬ԺͰڴµĿг룬ˡ
ǲǷˣһľûһΥԵĹкΡ
еĽҪ֣Ҫ֣ȫû֡
ৣؿڵ·ˣһѪ߳֡
ৣĲҲƿˡ
һǳŰ۾ģûһ˿ͣ
ָֻס˽⡣
ؿȡֵŮˡ
ѽһ˦תȥ
Ժ׼̤һں
һҪ㳤һʦһˣ˵ͷŮˣ
صԺӣܿƽ飬
ΪһߣÿҪƽ͵붨Ŀƣ仹ġ
ڶ죬俴ʱ򣬲ɴһ¡
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ðƻԼĹ뿪ǶԵġ
ȴ֪㣬ϴ壬ľȵ˼εĹ׾١
֮ǰҲľ˿ʵһ棬ܵĸǣľЧԣǲˡ
Ҳû˵Ӱ
һϣ˳һطҲǴ
ܼң󻢣ÿ˿䶼࣬ҪǣǾܿ
ү˵㲻ܽ밢ɵ鷿ܼҺס˰䡣
죬Ͳ̲סܼ¿ˡ
Ȼ鷿ˡ
ӼҵȨɶŮˣ
ǺˣҲӼ
תȥ
ȻܼΣҲ׷˳ˣҲû취ס䡣
סһ죬Ȼʹ̩ɽȥ
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ܼŸ¿û뵽үȥ
绹֪еҪúúõģĿ֪
һҹγĳǣȻ֪ҪӳȥЩѡ
һ˳ȥġһ£ѵܵйأնӵҹҲسȥǰնӲ뿪ذ𣿡
Ŀ֣˵Ȼǣ³ӥ︮ɽһӦõġ
лġ
Ŀ뿪ʱζؿһۡ
뿪ӼңĿվԼţүްղƽ竹ˣر²̨Ȼ鷳뿪ʮٻˣԸ񡣡
ָױǺйء
ɽ˵ɱ˶ɣʵ
һкΣ໢ڲ֪ټܴ໢ߣǸ߼ߣ˱米վ֮ˡ
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ҵһͷ
ȻԸֻҪץȥĿĸ׾ˡ
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촽֪ؿĿ
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Ŀ۸ڶȻµİ˾Ųʮ
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Ŀ뿪ǰǸĿ⣬֪ռһˡ
ǰ˵ŴưǷǳģɣֻҪˣȨƣǾͽ޲𹥻
뿪
ܡ
Ҫ뿪ˣŮ˾Ҫαˡ
ҪٱһΣֻж߶ҪŰŮ˶գ
Ȼ粻䣬ʹӼҵ˶ҪʵڻϿһ㡣
ǳ˵ΣԼŻϿˡ
㲻Ҫ뿪𣿡иŮ̫Ƿˡ
䷭һ°ۣ˵ĿѾˡ
޹ء
һ̣Ů˵ͷ״ġ
ɣΪԼ룬˰תͻԺӣҪɰڱ㣬Ůˣ
类⻰ҪȥץסľһתһĻˡ
Ҳƽתͷ뿪
ڶ죬ҽ˼İˣֵܼʣôˣ˻Ҫ
ûˡܼҿ˵
үˡһ
Ϥߣҽ㵵ػعͷ磬ɴһ¡
û°ɣ
û¡Ͱү˵һ£˵밽¡ƽ˵
ҽ۾һ֪Ůûõ𰸣תͷŵʹܼң£˵ǳʲô£
⣬Ӻ͹үҲ֪ܼҿ˵
ҽ磺ֿﲻˣ



97 ʵ

һףʶԴŮʲôŮʲôƫ̻̫ˡ
ҲɿŮܵġ
ҪЩһᱧ֪
ȴΪ˵αСˣ;йϸ𡣡
׼ݷ򡣸ĸ֮Ҳӣҽ巢
Ȼֹ֮ģǻ⸸׵ġ
үһº˵
˵Ƚȥˡ
ҽһҲ˽ȥ
ƻʦˣָ飬סˣþò˵飬ΪˣʦţҲã밢ͶԵڼѧҽӣͺˣ
Ҳ֮ˣһ̰ͼ壬ûи顣
ûаʲô֮壬˫޵˵
Ǵҽ
һʲôԲ飬Żġ
ǣûŮݷ򰡣ҽ˵
лŴĻƽķɣȨֻ˵ϡŮ˾ʹ࣬ҲûȨ
Ǿʵƽÿ¡
ҽЩΣⲻ뿴ġ
ǣڱ䵭үǾǰЩӵӺãҽ˵
ˣЩã
ʱܼ溰ƻʦûˡ
ҽæ߳ȥ
ƻʦãһŮ˽
һʮ꣬ŮӣЩľɫĮ绹Ҫ߷֡
ҽĿƻʦȴһָźŮӣ˵ǰҿеһŮӣľСɣմʦšܹĳ̶ȣǾͻнĻᣬȻһӶԵ
翴һۣϤӰӣϿԿԼӰӣҲİĶ
ƺƻʦԼ׷Ķ
ƻʦϴ۾һ漴˵ͷ˵뿪գȻְΪˡƶȻûп㡣
մٶȥ֮һپ˵أ㣬ﵽҪҾͽʦš
˵껰ʹűľͷ뿪Ӽҡ
ƺ˸Ŀꡣ
ҽȴĵǡ
ʲôˣĿԾ˵
ʵѵүҲɣڰ£ҲôӲҲų硭
˵˵ɻˡ
ϢĿ죬üͷ
ˣһйء
ΪʲôҪֹ
ռ֮Уϴвģܡ
ûвģҲܡ
츳С뿪УÿλܵõĴҪǸҪѡһôһѡɡ
ɱҪǻȤҲֻ峤֮λԼϵ벻ۡ
Ҳûвԭ
Ϊݾߡһ洫˽
һŴˣһʵ˽
Լķ䱻˽Ŀվӣ漴һ
ƺǺȻ顣
ɡ
С⣬
ˣ
յ
֪Ŀţȥ˰ֳ˽ץˣŸϹġ
ʲô֣
Ŀֻ֪ǵֳȥһʬȻҸѻɶӼϣûȥֳˡ
֮УһˡνˣȻϣȴĳԭŻڣӶʬҵֳж֡
˵Ƕɱ˶ɣĿʡ
벻ǣҳ֪ҧһۣ¶ɫٶĻᶼûУͱˣ
Ŀ⻰ɴ۾ɵĻ亹ͬʱҲһɺ⡣
ּпܾӼңûô򵥣㲻ҪݾߣȴҵԽ֪࣬Խ࣬ź֡
ĿͷͬĻ
˶ǰȥʳص·ϡ
ӼռҸּš
ʳЧһ죬¼ܿռҶֵܵע⡣
ҹֱվһ׸ߵϣؿĴׯĶ
ãɫһ۾ע⵽һСϣһũС
ͻȻһɫĶһũŵþУ漴زѣ
޶ѾˣҪԱӣ͵ׯѰ·ˣȥһţͿԳԸˡ
ӹǲ
ùƺҪʲôͻһ㣬ϸڿسˡ
ǽĵһڿĹ˳ԵʱȥһˣȻʱպÿԳϡ
ͻȻŰ޶һܵػ
жܴ򵽹ģ
Ծæת󿴣һ꣬Ű죬ղžǰԼ
޶̫꣬ͷԼƮƮģܴ˻ˡ꾹ȻҲŹ
ǰ޶Եسȥ
飬飬飡
֪ù𶯣˺ء
ܣݵļѰӣΧϲ
ܵϣͱײ˻
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ɱУзݣʵ
޶һ֪ˣеĹ껹ɵء
ռҵ˱ˣ
ɿ飬֪뷨ǰȥ
޶ǰϧԼǣҲǡ
ǰɱеģȻҲԵеĹ꣬ǾٱԼ
Ҫɱ֪˭ɱСæ˵
˰޶ϵĽ¶֮ɫһȻߣ
޶ظ֤˵Ķġ
ɰãûĿǰ֣ȻĴݾˡ
޶һĨɫ
޶֪ҪԼæű֮
Чռңʵ
޶û뵽ѡ񣬶˵ѡ˺ߡ
ɰӳָһѾðͷũ꣬˵͸ġ
޶һϲ
ҹϻռңϢׯ
ׯһĺܿˣŭ
Ŀ˵ĸס
ɱһҪɱ˴ˣׯҧгݣɱۣ֮ܲ
ǵĶࡣ
¼ѲҪﵽ˵ءһߣҪǴʱֻ»ᾪ£ʱռҾͻܵǣ
үصģѧгɣʮµ߻û¹˭ĵذץǰ㴦ɺŵ˵
ģׯ˿۾صһͷ
߳䣬Цһ
ӼҵԱνƵ˼㡣
һ죬̼ˣҧȥһˡ



98 

ƽʱҧȻơ
ǷǳʱڣֻƵˡ
ռҵͻȻȫʧжȡ̫ڰ
ǱǰƽӾ衣
ŵ˺Ϊѣǳ̰˵ˣүĻͬĻ˲Ҷ԰ǿ󣬴ſŻȥˡ
ΪӼ˸ңҲڼˡ
ĵƬ
һֱûϴǮϰߣѾ˼ˣӣŸ裬޵˸ˣʣµǮŵԺˡ
ţԼҵʲôǮɲհǮҪ㣬ڶ֪䵽ʲô³ǰǵĶˣƬǮ
ЦŰƹǮַŽǮϻ
Ǯһһ˿첽˽ǰһϰ룡
趼Щ㵣תͷȥһɵЦϣſɵ˿ۣԵFȴһСѧһñֱ
Ӧʮ߰ˣϵɵı飬ȴǰ˾ꡣ
ϸղ˵ĻӦһ̲ȫˡ
ЦŽͣλɾƬҪǮ
ɵһ壬һƭҵı飬˵ղ˵ˣҪǮ
ϱһΪѡ
ЦŶʾһ£Ƭǡ
ȻǱˣǲȴͨ˼еģûǮ
Ű䣬ûǮǰ˵ƬҲ˳һѵġ
սȥſڳһε꣬üĿ㣬Ƥ⻬һ壬һȴӢˡ
ɵмƣɵĵܵˡ
ǣƥǸսأɵ˽ˡ
ɣȻһڵ⣬Ҳ
ɵתͷЦ㣬вǮƬһ԰
겻ɫ˵ûûСҽ۸硣
ŶҲˣ۸硣
ѵؿԽдˣ
ֵشһ꣬絶ǷüӺͦеѪĸо촽Ժ񣬸߱һˡ
¿ԴıԿظ׳ϸһ㣬˫Ⱥܳһƽһʮ꣬õ꣬ٳ꣬һһĳõ˧磡
ôŮİ
ǰ̫Ա𡣾統곤ߺţû֪СǸֽ
ͬҪҹǽҲûҵ
귢ְڴ۾һ侯ؿһۡ
޼ɵؿûƿ۾
ƺѰ䵱޺ͺˣҲͲ
ɵһϣ԰˵ƬûǮ
Ѱ䵱ҵˡ
ҶɵΪҲЩ˽⣬ղֳᣬ˵һ䲻ûǮõҷġ
۸磬˵Ǯɵæ˵
ҡͷĵؽͣҲףȻҪǮүڳǰǣռ˵ıˡ
Ŷɵĵ˵ղǮ
۾ϴ̫˰ɣһʮ꣬һʮ߰꣬ȴҪĽС磿
ѵСƨռɵˣ
̬ɵҲ۰мӡ
ûǿɵĿ⣬͸۰ܲ
оڴǣݺݵصһۡ
Ƭ˳ɵԵˣ˫ָ߾ٻҵģҵġ
ղžǵ롣
Ȱһŵǰ棬ŵɵǰ档
ɵˣҪ룬ôһ룬ǲǿɵ۸ǲǣҸɴˣ
۾ɨɨԱһſӣ־˹ȥ
һ飬ľֱɢˣ
ʼΪҪˣӣ˻
豻ŵôסˡ
ɺ֣ҪԶ룬ϾͿˡһٶһ룡æסɵ
ɵתͷ裺ģ
ġͷ
ɵһָ룺ôҵĶࣿ
ɵ
Ҳ˰һۣѵϰ۸ˣʡϣ
ǰҶȻʢ˵⻰ʱĿŸмؿ˰һۡ
ͷȻ
ɵҲҪĶҲҪģ
긧˸ͷܵû취
Ϊ֮ʣЦŰһ¡
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ûҰɣ
˵巢˵̫ѧ
ԭΪİҲʮ꣬û뵽һꡣ
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۲ÿı飬֪ô룬˵ҼɳԶ೤ÿ졭
⻰ܿ죬͵õ֤ʵ
ԪǰĿԽԽ࣬붼жʮˣԪԲĶӣ˵պֱ
գգֱۣ
ͷߣЩΡ
ֵƺֻ·Ҫ뿪
۴óʮǮ軹ڳæǮ
ָ۵ֽӴ۾һǸŮģ
Ůװһ˿Ǿˣ
Ҳɻ
Ȼǰ̫ͱʶˡ
ĿȥǮýȥ衣
ҲӼҡ
յӼſڣſڷƥһǺϤ
۽Ӽˣ
˴Ȼ۽ҽڸԪ԰
ԪԺܲһֱŤŤȥԱѹ˳ҽ
ۿһ¡
ǰҹүܼЦܡ
û뵽ӼҵˣһͷʱԪæѹסԪԡ
ղŰˡܼҰ֣˵
Ա£ҽ
ΣҽüչſԪԵ֣˵彡úܣﲻð
⻰˵ҽЩˣ˶ԪЩɵֻꡣ
ҼĴ˵³س˴ҽҲŴܵǰҽϸϸ鿴ұлվ˵
ԭۣΪҽŴŵܹܵġ
ҽȻ֪ͻȻǰġ
תͷ䡣
ˣΣȳˡ
ҪԼ֣˵棬ÿڣǾɰڡ



99 Բ

ͨ˺⡣ҽΪǲ鲻ǵ⡣
ѵģ
ҪȱҲûа취
ҼʱһˤͱԽԽԶҸӳر죬ʮ꣬ľͱȶʮ˻Ҫߴ󡣶ҲǴ֮󣬱۰ؿ˿ԪԣĲ˵˳
ˤˣ
۹ҪˤˣʱôãôҲû취ЩκõġȰ
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˵ͻȻסˣ˰ֱӳΪ۹
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102 һš

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ٿһϴлҵԪԣ֪СӸɵ¡
˻˶Χĵؿǡ
ԱʱҲĵıܵܣڼû¡
ǵĺ棬ָһǽϵĶָһҽܣ˵ǵҩϡ
Ȼתȥˡ
ҽǴһ¡
ȻԼһ㣬ܼ϶ſڵ˷
Ұˣٶȥ޲һǽ
ιղŴȥˣ
ŻصԺûã۾׷˹ˡ
ôѪζŰʵ



103 ԩ·խ

ܵܲһֻϡͷҲûأ˵
˵ƭң
ܵܣǲǲģ
ۻûзӦԪȻشˣţģ
ɵȻǱģ
ȴ֪ԪԻشʵݣΪҲŰһƭ
̻ɣҵţ
˵Ԫˣһһ߽ԪҪʵĺӡ
Ԫһ·϶˵ǲģ֪ʲôı顣
ʱ򣬰룬ռûû˵ġ
ɱһоͳĿɣɱɣƺлҪҪֻռһӷķˡ
Ȼˣǲռˡ
⼸Ϊ˷ռҵıһֱլӼңҪ뿪ûߡ
ɱɣռҵ˻
ѵԼҪһֱլȥ
ǿɲУҪȥ̩ɽء
Ȼʦһȴһ޳ŮˣɽʦԼãʲôʱ򶼴ûԼԼլŮ˶ʦ㡣
ҪҪջصɽ磡
ܿ;ҪռңռҸˡ
ҹ˳ȥóεҩƿӣЩҩɵʬϣʬܿˡ
ע⵽Χһ˿
ܿͺԵˣɵʬ
תӼҡ
ȴû뵽޶մ뿪ռҶȥ
ڶ죬䶯ضȥ
ׯ³ةסء
һʱ䣬䵽أҵӥ︮ж
ҹɫ٣Ṧӥ︮ݶլȥ
һˣ¶ĳƺȷУɵĸףׯ
׼ʱоһɹҺ塣
һɫĹͷƮ˺լׯȥ
ѵǶˣ
ƺʦĺһģİ
䣬˵ةɱˡ
ʲôׯϢ𾪵
ҵδ֮ǣȻᱻɱϢ̫ˡ
Ŷѯʣ֪Ķ˵˳
ݶİ䣬ʱһ£û뵽ʱȻһԱ߹ۿ
Ҫǲռһˣ治֪
ǵĻҲ֪ǰ
û뵽ԩ·խ
ׯѾӱɱʹ֣ȴܿ侲
ҧ˵˿һߣôҪ㱨ɳȥԸ䣬Ҫ棬˼ڰֻʣ´һˣһҪлҪٲ鰽ˡɶɱׯһҪ丶ۣ
޶ͷӦǡ
ͻȻһ˵úõׯԴͻȻ룬һ뻬ȥ
ׯʬҲ˵ϡ
ˡ
޶û׹ͻȻзһıϡ
һĺˡ
ŰѰ޶ճ
һУһŹİ䣬֣ȥ
ص˿ջססĵ˯
ҹػȻ֣ةԼС
Ϊ鵽Ϊֹһȴðڵ˵Ĳ
𴲾һʲô飬˰ĺ档
ҪǣЩҲйߵϢ
Ҫ˵ڹŴҪһߣǻʺСġ
֮ǰΣ໢ʦƻʦãɣͨˡ
ȴû뵽ССĿջУĸߡ
ǽģĹٱ߶ΪԼ¶˵ӣӦǴвĿĵġ
Ȼ棬ǰҲϹ£ǵ͵˯ľ
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ڶϣ𴲳䣬Ҫ¶¥ʱ˸ڵļˡ
һһŮ
⣬˵ΪҪ
עǣǰ俴õͷգһ
ͷյϣҧһľͷһľͷƽǽ񣬹ͭ͸
һ۾ϳŶľ
ŶľһľоųⶾĹܡҪɽľðգһŶľͲ±˺
ŶľҲԵһҩģݵļҪҩ֮һŶľ
û뵽ŴȻŶľĶڡ
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¥³ʱ˵Ķ̸ð֪Ǹͷ˳ΪϣΪߵģҲܸߡ
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˰죬·ϳ˹ٲ̲ÿһ·ˡ
ǽ⣬ôйٲ̲أ
ղųسʱûſ̲飬ﷴС
ܷ
ǰϼȴԴ˲⡣
ûйȥùٲ̲飬תСɽ֮С
ӦҪܲǺͳ͢Ÿɵġ
ǽɽ֡
ɽǴҽĺõطһŶľ
ԶԶظţȴѵĻᡣ
һʱ䣬ͻȻǰ˶
ϺԼ档
߸ˣǶҲ쳣𾴡
һɽӵˣˣ侹Ȼ
ĽݻСʾС
ϣɽصرȭ
ϻ񣺡š
۾򾸺ɨɨʵˣΪΣ
΢˵Ҵ˴ͽĽݻΪ졣СͽСʣһ졣Ǽλ׳ʿڻƿ죬Ըǣͬɴ´ҵ
ĽܣĽݻ˶ϱȭк
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תܺˣλɢѣһ졣
˷ܵ˵֣Ϊгɰ
Ŷ죬Ĵʿ׷İߵĴͳǿΪ𣬶Թ򾸺𾴡
Ҳ飬Ц
ϽŽˣλ廯ѣ죬λҵŴͽһŶڶ졣
һһ棬̾ϴȫǸְͫСҲӲˡ֮һҪһһ𻹸
Χ˶صصͷ˵ҵȥɿڣȴʱ
ϣȥ
ںİ䣬ȴǴסˣ⻹ǵһڹΪȼ
ƿڣڣⲻǹʱĳνôΪȼˣ
ŴʮĺӳΪƿСʮΪڣʮ
ǵ˵Ϊŵģǲ֪ϡ⼸ˡ
ÿһȼΪ죬ղߵ죬Ҳ֪滹ûС
ûк͹˽ǵΪʽ˽⡣
໢Ǳסˣػȥ໢һʡ
⣬ϵ˵̸Ҫɱ˵ġ
˭ǵİɱ󣬾ȻҪôɱ
˼



104 ࡿ

ͫСӣ£ʸ㹻Ϣ
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ղҪ¶ȥŶľǹ򾸴̫಻ø㶨ұϳĻûгȥޱ
ҪȥɱҪ׼ǻʱٳˮ㡣
󣬰ǡ
Ƕܿ·̲飬Ĺٲʿϵɽ
ԽԽʿվڣҲˣֻԽ˺ӱߵĵվڵʿԽࡣ
ϵ˷ɢˣ䵽
һûᣬ˷ɢˣߵ˾ˣһҲˡ
׼ȥʱͻȻһˡ
̶¿ӣʺһȥ
ô
ȥķ򣬻Ǵ˺ӱߡ
¡վ˳
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Ҫôأ䷴ʵ
̶˵ɾǰ棬ǻȥöˡڶٱסˣƵˣ˶ܿ
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˵ǰЩ죬ȥжүһǶүûֻԹˡ
Ϊʲô£
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飬ȻȥЩʱٹȥ仹Ŷľȥº֡
̶½ŵ˵үɲ߶ǹٱأİ˻ֱӿµġǰ氳Ϳ˼ɱˣ
Ѳδ˺ӣľ䶼ᵽ߼
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Σı仯ͣˡ
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֪ЩҪɱ㣬ҧȴΪԼƻʳ׸Ҫҧ
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ΪһɽСȴһܼӣȻһֺҲǼʶڻǽסš
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ſڻֱʾȫĳ̶£ҧһȻ԰˵ܣ˵ǸŰһġҪǵһ˧˵ûǾ˵ֻûעѡ
õġΪηҪӡǰѾϹͺ𣿡
ҪȰ˳ҧǰͲùʲôɱˣֻҪ¶棬һŶľ
һᣬӣԺ󹱾ƾͲõˡҳ̼ҲȨĹǰó̼ҷ󣬳ҧǲŹģһתӺͻʺҪģǲˡ
ܲɾʳˣҪ㵱Ȼܴˡ˵ǲʲôòõģҧѯ
˵Ǵǲġ
ǰʹһȥӡһҪСģʲô飬һҪȱԼ˵
ҧüͷ⻰ôôԾأ
·ϣһˡʵѹúܵͣɱͫӵġ
ҧɴ۾۾ʹڸǴĿ¡
ǰǲ֪ͨٲҧ˰죬ŷӦ
ҡͷãǵذǵ¡ҲôɱģȻ˱
ҧһҲǡ
߰䣺磬Ҫͨˡ
ô죿ʲôʱӣû뵽ô졣
ͷβ˶ʮﳤмϣҪҲˡһжҪ̫صİšҧüͷһ壬˵տةĪڼУڰߵˣ



105 

ׯǰɱġ
Ǵ˺һκӰľָӹ٣ͻȻˣȻ˶
ɱׯǰ֪Ҫ֪ˣľͻȻý֮е¡
ɱׯ飬ûи߳ҧ
ֻǸԼͿԣõЩ顣
洫˽Ų̶Ҳ֣ûϲ˴к˧˰࣡
Ϊ˱µİȫǰӦм顣һİʮ㣬Ӳ֮һľ˷ġ
룬룡̶Ц
ţһ׵Ľ˽ŨüۣƤڣԵòŭַϵĺᵶϣһ˿ŵϢ
ҧܿ
˧۾һӶ˰ϣʵ˭
ǰܣҪ밳һӡҧȻ˵
˧۾һɣʣΪδû
ҧԾ˵ǲǼǴˣܲɾƵķߣϱʱд֡䣬ұѵ㻹ʶɣ
صĿţŵ̫ˣ³ڵ˻˧һ֣Ͼˡ
¡ȭ
˧ɻؿ˿ҧǼǵóҧмסģڶһˣǲԾġ
ôģ
Ҫʳҧտةȥʱ򣬸Ӧ̲
ҧı飬Ѿ׼õĴ𰸣ҲֻҪһڶѡ
ȻصĿţȻ̲顣˧ɴ˵Ȼ֮ˣҪӵģ˻Ҫϳȥɣڴڼ䣬뿪ߵ߶
óҧЩ⣬Ȼ鶼顣
ܿ죬˧Ǹˬ֮ˣ
л˧ͳҧһ˵
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ڹУͷ󴬣ػ˺档
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л£̫վ˲Ÿ
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̫أŸղŹ۲顣
ЩҪɱ˲ûҲû󣬵δǲᶯġ
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йĴԷ⣬ڰ֮ǰԼѹϴҪǱִ˱ǲñ̿ˣȱȥͷˡ
׳ţ¼СëɣЦ˵
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ʵ۳ΣȻǷǮ
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ĹԱʿػ
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Ҫ˵ݻȣһ㵹
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͸İ˻һٴҲǹͳڸܣǹҴ¡
СԱͣԱ߷һľӣ̫ȥͳҧȥ
˼װϣһɫӵ̫ʹ·ཻ̫˼䣬۾ɨɨҧͰ䣬üͷһ壬˵˵һôˣ
·̫ܵλɾ¥ϰ壬ҧλɾƵˣ䡣ѳҧ˵ȥϸúܡ
ʵԱߵĹһ˿
̫ಢû˶ɿڣ˵Ϊ֮ǰ˵Ĳһ
Ǳˣϵġ
̫ŭȣƣټŪ𣿡
·̫æ
ͻȥҧҽ¡̫ϵ˵
ôֻһܵãôҧѻø䣬ˡ
ҪѰȥҪ



106 ʥ

ס˳ҧ
ɲģһ˵ܾͻᱻȥͷġ
·̫תϵıԿҪִ̫
롣˵
ҧ߷߲ƽС˵һвԾεȥ
ҧһͷ
ʱӴ¥߳һˣȻԲٷǿȴһûмı뺷֮
䣬һ䣬Ҳ
俴ȥɫٷˣӡ
û뵽
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̫ӣ𾴵񣺡̫ء
λܹܿӵڰϣʵֶµģҪδ
̫⻰һ㶡
ƽ˵ϱ֮УԲɾ֮¡Ҫȥˡ
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⣬̫أ֮ǰȷʵֻгҧһˣڶһˣҪǳӡ̫û뵽Ȼǹϵҿȥϵǳ
ӺߵʲôӣףգҲɾƵˣʯƱķˣղűԵմã㲻ȥҪﲻɣ
̫ɫһ䣬û취˵Щļ󣬽õӵױƳ˱һӵõ˱µĿأӲŻһԾ硣
ȻĴ󳼣³̫һͻصȥˡ
ڿǰĺˣﲻ
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107 ʹ͡

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108 

˻е࣬ŷˣƻʦá
ΪĽݻ޼ǷĹȴڳ
Ľݻ⻯ʮǵ㣬ƻʦô̹ƻʦֻжķݡ
ĽݻĽ֮ߡ
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ĽݻĽ趯䣬鿪ˣľмڰз裬ĽݻѾľмҧ

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109 ˡ

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110 ˾ȵס

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ͯЦŴȺիĵŮƻۣѵԸ˵Ϊһ𣬺οˣҪʱ򣡡
ޣƻʦɫһ䡣



111 ١

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ץ糾ӿĵһۣĿ̰͸ղŷͯһޡ
Լˣ˹Щͬеһ⡣
磬ǿΪǿʳһʵп磡
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˲ϵԼƻҧҧȥ
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ž
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͵һ䣬һСϣͨʿԾ
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֪ʱһҪִ˲С
С⣬һСȥһɴСͬ˸ŷ
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ܺΣͷҲص򰶱߷ȥ
糾뷨òС飬䵽ˮʩԱվںϣŲԶƻۣͬһ㡣
Ҫ׷ȥʱһϣԶƵ£
ɫһ䡣
ʨӺ𣡡
Ǿ̨ڵĸˣȴΪһŭȼա
Ҫʱץסǿɲ
ƻ۸ܣԽԽԶֻա
ƻ̨ڵĺгˣһϲǽȴͣܡ
ˣֻΪǵ⣬̨ڵĺҲܳΪԼĿɽֻ뿪ǵ
ҧҴһ˳̼ׯ
ҹׯѾ֮βڽƿʡ
һĺׯ
һٶˣһƬյųͷ٣
Ǵĳͷ趯Ȼô˵طɽͺɲ˵ٵģ趯Ҳʮ㡣
ðİϣֻҲͷ˶٣
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ǲ˶밽չһ棬ǳҧĵ軧ͼҶ
ǰ󣬰Ͽ˱仯ǿ˲٣һƣٵĶϣ۾ᶨ͸ȻĿ⣡
ǰ棬һͬһѳͷͬĶƱǸǿ
̵ģ
ܣ㿴ΣĻÿǰһʱҧİļ򣬽˵
̵ָģ˵˺գǰһνɽģ°ôģ



112 ±仯

ôģе档
ҧȺٺٵصЦЦ
ʱٵũϳ˳ҧͣغ磡
ҧ𲻻ˣ߰شǰ߹ȥ
ũȻ𾴵ؿ
ȳҧԶˣ²
㣬ɽϱˣҧ˵⻰ʱ򣬻Ц
Ŀؿһۣ˻ЦŰ
ҧ˻һֻ޴ֱۣ˵Ҳûȥû¾ͱסˣ֪Ǹ͵ˣ˵ĻͶ˼ͷ
ͷ˵ɽϸ
ɽҪǮҪǮһɽԻؼҡ⻰˵ģͰѰˡڶԹׯǰҧ˵
̣ż򵥣ǳҧȴץס˵㣬ųɹ˵
Ҳˣǲͷʲô
١
ƺǰ䲻ǵʷˡ
ׯԺԸɶӵݼ˳ĸڳ̼ס
̼ҵľƷѾ˹ģΧľƵģҳ̼Ҳʼ
ڳ̼ҼڳԺӣ֣ҧ𲻶ϵعʳڻڴˡ
Щʳֻ¹̼ҳ궼ˡ
ҧڰĻû飬ǳĸ˵ʣȻЩûĳ̶ȣЩʳüҲģҲƷŲʳһûԣͻˡ
ĸڳҧļ£û˵ʲô
ҲûֻͣԺ󿴵ԼԷ飬ʱȻмԼ
ҧеء
Ȼڰ£ʼҶũҲԼЩ԰
һϣЩ߱ڣ쳬ĹߣҪһ˸ġ
ʱŸо̫Σգûˡ
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Щǳ˵ǣҡЦ˵Ų߾һ
ҧ䣺㡭˵٣
ǺһЦ
ȷʵ˿١
Ƿߣôõ֣ûбٸȵ£ȥɽ
ԭɽôôױҧаˣҲ̫˰ɡ
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ҪȵӣҲͺ͵ɽо˵ȥˡ
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ͷڳ̼ҵĵλܸߣֻڳ̶֮¡
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ϸ꣬صԺӣһ˶Ӱվǽڡ
һɵģ
һתͷ䣬ɫ䣬˵ɣֻм
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ƽ˵̼Ҷү
ԣճ̣Ҳǰҡ˵ǻƿСҪó̼ңҲͬ⣡
һӣһ˳ȥӿٵ߷˹ȥʯϡ
ʯһˡ
վ˶ŵýסˣɫ԰׵ÿ¡
һԵΪ˵Ҳǹ֮ˡ
Ҹղһ֣еֲ
Щ
俴Ҳûתˡ
½Դγ̼ׯ
˵ҧ밽Ĺϵϵ㵱ȻҪˡ
̴ү½Ͻεεػ
ҧ𲻹½ʲô̬ͰҲûϵδ󻧲ύֵõġ
ΣɾƸ
໢½ߡ
Ȼһֻľţľͷ¶棬һƣȴһ١
䣬Ŀһ˿¡
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½ûѻ
½̼ҽ˺˳˻ȥûǽιͬչ⡣
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ȥ̼Ϊ˿һ̼ҵĽڿˣΪҪġ
ɽ£ԶԶȥȻһߴİɫ
ĺüͷˡ
żûͳôˣ
̩ɽȥ
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һЩȻޱȵܣ
ƺ뵽ʲôæȥ
Խһ׷ΧڣоЩıˡ
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߽ǰĿյأһ֣Сľݵˡ
Ϊɱˣľݸˡ
Ҫ˺ϱɣ䴭˴ЦˣҲ̫ˣ
ͻȻͳһӲµͷԭ



113 ʧ١

߹ȥİɫɣоһС
ͷˡ
ŨȻĺûᡣ
ǰеͬҵһ㣬Ｗ
͵һôĿ塣
Ḷ́ǿƤëϸ
ƽôնƤë׵Ĺڡ
ԶＷǿɾҪƤëϸ׸ˣ
ϡͷ㲻ǧٿ׵һ㡣ҧ˵
⻰һЩȻƴؼˣƽ
󣬸֤˰뷨ͷĽܹ
һ飬
һҹȥˣ۾һһ
Ũһֱ밽ʹðնùܣֻҪ½תǾͿˡ
ǰطҪϼ
ٴҪǰҪ
ֻǶ̶̵İһҹ͸оԼΪһˣ
Ĳ㵽̣еȥҲҪ²ܴﵽ
һٴ
ص峿̫£ԵЩȣûҪ˼
Ӽ⼸죬еͷת
ͻȻˣôҲҲ
һˣǲôġغһһ£Ǿ˵ˡ
ӼҵĲҲԪСƨĲûȫκء
ڸҩ󣬾ˡ
ڵܵܳҩҩ͹ˡҴҩȻûˡ
ɲɡ
ƹ֣һĵܵܣͿӼҸ졣
ӻæȥҰ䡣
ǰû˵ȥҪҲҲ
˼죬ûҵ䡣
ʱյ˸׵ţüͷ壬ȥ
ҽڣ۾ҽԺ
ҽǻҩɣ
ǻĿˣŰ俪ҩдŵļҩҩʯһ̣ҩֻǺںѡ
ԪǸǣǿЩںҲԲȥ
עʧˡ
۷߲ɣûҩż֮ʱܾܵ
һ룬ǰţƺˡ
ܵܵòôãҲһֱţڸճԱһΣٶҲ°ɡ
ֻҪ󣬸ҩǾͿٸܵܳˡ
۷ԸҽһҪһһҪҩ͵̫ԭȥ
װŵܵԪˡ
⼸ģСֵͷлˣﶼҪһ¡
Ǻܿ죬ǷӼʧˡ
Ϊʧǻ뺮ƽˡ
мСӵĻڣǻûá
һߣͷˡ
Ҫ˵һֱľԽԽԽԽһһ㡣
Ѿͷڿ磬ҪһֱϵƤֶĸо
ˣԸ̬飬ñ䡣
ҽȻģȴֹˡ
һϣӼҴͻȻһˡ
һԴŮˡ
һͨŮ··
ӼҵҪȥʱӹܼϳһƻʦá
æȥڶԱ˶⣬ƻʦãæ˳
ƻٴο磬һ¡
ľô죡̫ˣŷֹʮ죬ز
ϻӵѾľɹ൱ˣںһȣǿǲԶˡ
˼ʱ䣬ʮ졣
Ȼ֮ǰе˵ӣڵΪȴƻʦú⡣
϶˵ǳΪѾԸҽʦˡҪһʱ䣬һ徲ĵطҡ
ããӻæӦ
ܼڳһ徲СԺӣƻʦס˽ȥ
ߣƻͨŮ·֪ˡ
һϣƻ˹ˣһѪ
ڶ죬ƻһֱѹŵƣһѪҲѹסˣή
ʦã氳Ժȥݰɣаչߡ
Ϊƻ۲˵鴫ֻ֪˵顣
˵ƻ۵ͷ
Ȼ밽˸ңȴ֪ɡ
һ˺ˮƺõر죬ˡ
𾴵ƻʦˣ뵽ˮء



2 Իʥָ̣ɽӳɡ


114 ֡

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Σ۾۾Ǿϲ
˿磬˵ΪΣ˾ȻطҪõö࣡
ˮ֮УֻɡݣʱѾˮʹɡݺܲۡ
۾ȴһӾͿɡݣ۾ƶƻʦã˵Ҳ֪ˮʺˡ
ƻ۵ͷٶ˵æ
һ¹ȥˣƻ۵˻ָɡ
һʱط˹ˣֻˮ˵Чá
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ˮ˵ֻ˵һʱƻ۷Ϊʲô֪һˣ֪ġ
˵һϺסԲˡ
иסһܡ
ƻȴҲֻ÷˾ͺá
ʱ˺ˣȻҪʦȥ
Ȼ˴Ϊ˱ӣ˾ûٱˣһߵķͯз糾ӣǰʦš
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ҽȻ᲻ŮΪŮĽǰŮ˳ȥ
ˣӼһ
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ܼܳ⣬һǱ˵ġ
üͷһ壬Ҳһ˰ɣ
ƺڰܸȤǺܸʳ
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ת棬ֻһصĳһεˡ
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ţ˴ˣ۵ؿ
Ǹﵹæ꣬һ£۹Ц
ܶ죬ٿһ¸ԱߵһСꡭðɣǸŮģۡ
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ܶеԪԣͻȻɴ۾˰䣬æֺҪ
ܣƺ뿪ֻ˰
Ҳ˰䣬۾һæܹ
䣬ȥˣǰ뿪ʱ㲻Ҽɵҩ㻹ûأʵ
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ϻҩ죬һֱţȴûήҵӡ
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⻰һ۾Щˡ
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ҪοǴǮˡ



115 Ů

Ӽڴ̽Ϣ
ӳ̼֪ȥ뿪ˡ
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ܼҿ䣬ô
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⻰˵֣ʵ˵Ҫôβ
С彡Ȼû˵ô棬ǵҪһҪʲôơ
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俴˿ˣ˵ⲻҴұڡ
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ĶϣҲ֪ôˣ˾ͻȥһ¡
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ݿ˰һۣسˣΪҵҪ
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ոոչȥܷջǲգҪ͢˰
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ͷһٲ߶ûǣȥ˶ϼңû뵽Ҳһٲں˵
ԶԶؿȥƺ˵졣
߹ȥΪǹٲ۸ϡ
ϵĻ󣬲֪Ҫս˰ˡ
½Ϊ߾û㣬Ҫ߾ˣ˰Ҳ֮ˡ



116 ˰

ĩ֮ңɸ˰
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˽һ£ʹʵǷ⵽˼㡣ʱ߾ȴûϲ㣬㲻ˡ
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׹ҪһʯС֣ĿʯͣսĽȴǺܻ
ҪԸ߾ģսҪ޴һμ޽ӵ˰յϡ
֪ʷİ䣬֪ѹյһݡ
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117 ס

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118 Ҫϱ

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119 ܡ

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120 

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121 š

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Ӽ֮ڣݸһԺȥһʵаүӵ͵ˣ
ŰĿƺ֪ǹһ㣬ƽǺһ͸֪ġ
㶼֪ǹˣֵؿ
ղ˵ôΣ᲻֪˵
ݼ˵֪ƽһ㶼ȣ
һۣĿ⣬һӾùǺܵ۵ݡ
ðɣˣǲݯ˯죬˵
Ūˣݵ͡
ôܱõõǶرأšõҸʵ˽ӡȻҪкֻܶ˽ӡԲŻŵ׷˵
ڰӡˣΪβȥԺţ˽ȥš
ȥһᱻҸץţԺһӿܶҪСˣͺ£ĸѾˣǱʺܿͻңû˻Ϊ飬ҾҲûлˣ



122 ֡

ѹݲԸȥ
ۼ飬⻰û
ŮҪǰϵҲġ
ʲô飿ݴһ¡
˵ÿģǱ飬˶Ȼˣȴûͬģ
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Ҳ¥˯ˡ
ļ죬Ԫʮ¯ĵҩ
ҪѾûôҩĸˡʮ¯ҲǸߵÿ£۴ϵƽѾȫ˹ܼˣǷһծ
ƹķϣҽԸЩҩó
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ҪԪһŵĻЩҩµġͨĹ۲죬µҽ³һš
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صļҲΪƳ̣κˣһˡ
۵Դϰγ˵ˡ
ͷֵʵ˵ļôԴˣ
ﺹһ£⻰̫ˡ
Ҫ·ֱѣʲôԱߵݴ
۸ĸϵ۷꾫䶼ˣ㻹Ҫӣ
ߣҳˣԺ󶼲ˣǵȻ濩Ȼ˵һתˣɲҪٲҪزˣ
㡭վݳһ
ûһ۳ˣʹУɡ
䶼ȥݷִֺ̼ıˣ룬ԪôΣǲǷˣ
ÿζԪԽסȫգ
ˣ׼ٻ̩ɽȥˣѾǰˡ
ҽڰҪҵľٶܲ⣬ŮڼңҲóֹ䡣
Ҫ뿪ԪԺô
ԪǶ԰ԽԽˣҪ۴ؼңԸȥˣƢ
޼ҿɹ飬䲻ԸվԱߣСϱһ㡣
Ԫƭˣ׼ȥǳԼˣٴ
۴Ԫ֮󣬰Ҳ̩ɽˡ
·ϣݲ֪ԼҪһɽɲ죬·ҲЩ޾
ĥ䵽˵ɽͻȻһʩչṦɽ·Ϸɿرۣĥ伸¶ûˡ
죬ڵǳ塣
ڲ֪ʲôʱ򣬶һӴĽ׸ߣվһˣع۲档
ߺܹ㣬һͱ˿ˡ
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£Ҳûжͣ
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ô׷
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ԭ˵¡ͷϡ
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һӣͷҲûΧľͶΪİɣ
ţ¼ӿٶȣȥ
һοһƬ֣俴óԼһ뿪չ˲Χ˵Ҳİˡ
ٶȥֻ̩ɽܿͻᱻǣȻеľ˸ߴʮϵġ
ţҲ
ĥһºʷϿûֹ°ҪıʷĽడ
뵽ͷȷʵԼٺôֻܽʵˡ
һҽд˰Ķ
һ㶣Լ˼ά˳
ж
һʿŽϴѪڣǱӳŽһ߿ǰ֦һ߱˺׷
׷һȺлɽèȫǱģСʤèҪ
ϻиֻߣڴֵžͿֲȫ৵ʿ׷
׷ʿʹ̵ľˣҪһͻɣ
һ˵ĳ棬ϴ峤˵ףǺεȵˣ
ʿʱ˰䣬
俴˿վûж
ǵʿ˼Σȴ治ɫ֪Ҳǹ֮ˣ£ȴȣɫѿ
ͻȻת䣬˹
ĳðһӾͿҪ߹һЩϣԼ׷
䰵׼Ը棬Ҳõʿܡ
ȲǿԸ㺦ҾĲˡ
ʿˣ俴ϵĽһľһͣ񳡣
˰䲻ԶͻȻͣеľ趯ŽԺĶʹɱ֡
ֻ󱻽г˼Σ䵽ëϣȴ˴ˡ
ĽȻֻǿһֲ˿ڣȴն
ʹðһĶøǿ׳ӲߵĽֻһ롣
Ҫħ޵Ľడ
ʿΪ˰ŭ
ԼǰͣΪñ춯ͣע⵽䣡
ʱʿ͵һӰ˹ȥʮԶ⡣
ЦСӣҪǵǵ䵱ɵĻˣ
Ȼ⻰˵꣬ͻȻסˡ
Щ׷ɱĶûΪС䣬Ӱ䣬Űһĵط׷򻪾棡
۾ҪɳˣѵԼ˱֣ЩﶼԱˣֻ׷Լ
룬æܳ˵
ͻȻһӥоͷһѹ̧ͷһһƬѹѹĸо
һֻӥӥצץס˻ۣ漴ȥ



123 ͷ֡


ۣѪ˳ȥ
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һֻƤϻ͵ȥײ˻棬ĺ󱳸˺˼Ѫߡ
ҲʶԼٲߣҪһٶˡ
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һ紵һˮͰֵçٶȣߣҪʱ͵ؾȥ
ţѻ
ֻʣһԴ棬䶯ԽԽҽ
ûһ﷢ͷѵ
ĲҽԽԽңͣϢ
վԶؿŻ汻߸
Ŷԣֳ
ոսŵûк³Լû³ˡ
ҡҡͷҪתˡ
֪⻪潫ҪǸˡ
ûʲôÿġ
Ȼת֮ǰð侪ˡ
ЩˮͰ߾Ȼſ˻棬Ȼжָһȫ룬˵ȥԻʬ壬ǰȥҧ涼ûС
ڰ뻪֮䣬ǻճһС·С·طĶͷƤ顣
̫ˣЩҪðǰȥ
ȻǱĶǾûôõļɣҲԲ𾴵ضԼ
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ȻǲЩ춯ǵĹԼûв
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ûж
ľѾˮͰ߸ˣϵжڲϡ
һȷԺʱٿ
һţһӡ
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ǻʦдģһºȥ̫ԭɽ²μԭᡣ
ԭԭٰġ
һ£໢ҪϢԼԼûͬ⣬ھֳɵˡ
һһơ
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ÿһϸû㲻ʶЩȥֳҲ
۾һҩϡ
ҩݣͨĿЧʱи˸ƪЧ
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ݣҪҩĳɷ֡
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ϴ໢ҪƣҲǻڴˡ
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ˡ
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棬ִָ󣬰·ûˡ
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ʱĶȵʧˣǲ궯
һӵϣѻԹˣܽ˱
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ڵ߰˺ϱˡ
ͷЩѵͷܿЩĶ
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һ£ŨȴǺܵû쳣ڡ
һǵʶˡ
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һڰĶ
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Ҳ֪㡣ϻ˵ô£˵ղЩƵģ
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Ӿ㿴ƬˡҲȥҲʹľֱ󣡡
ͷܵ⡣



124 ԡ

˵㿪ʼʱ߷ľֱԺ㲻ȥҲԣľͻǱ죿һ£Ծʵ
ͷٺٵЦˣ˼ԣǰ˵öԡ
СһǶأ
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ȻͶĻˣʡ
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ţһ˵ȥ
ͷҵֻӣͶرĶҲҵĻ룬ȥһֻûбĶɡ֪ЩҵĶҵĻǵԸؽҵʶǵЩûбĶܷ
ԸղЩҵͷĶеģ
ǵȻܵչʾһʵɣͷܵ⣡
Ҳ׶ֻ׷ɱʿȴƹԼԭˡʣö׷ɱǸʿʲô
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û뵽ͷôࡣ
ԽԽߣѾʮ׸ˣԽ˲ľĸ߶ȣɽ¶ؿټһƬ̫ˣֻ²Ϣȥͻ˸о֣߲鿴ˡ
ػġ
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仹û¹鷳Ҫɡ
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ܹͷʶøǿǺ£ҳȥǺ£
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ҪҪš˵һ䣬
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⻰֤ܿ˲ˣΪһС붼û꣬Ѿˡ
ԱӺ󣬰ȥһЩľµСľݣŪúѾˡ
ݽ˯
һҹðоѾֻһĤҪˡ
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ͷԼҪĲҩڵõ𰸺󣬰Ҫȥɲҩͷֹˡ
϶ͷЩǰﰽѲҩɻ
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ܲ˲ΣӤһһĸĺڣ˵ĲҩЩĲҩ֪ĵҩ᲻ҩЧӱˣ
ţһԡ
ЩҩȫҪȥɼĲҩ
ԼȥҲҩˡ
һ磬ҩŪȫˣµСҪҩ¯ֽͱʡ
翪ʼҩ¯ӵʱ򣬿ʼġϣ
ԽԽоͽǰˣȴһֱ岻ȥ
֪ʱܼҪ˷߻ħ
һ֮󣬰оǽˣæֵľ



125 Ĩɱԡ

䣡
һըķ
һ˴ƥѵıײڵ񣬴˰⡣
ʱû˯ߣһ֣ᷢΧһ׵Ҷһɷܷȥ
е궯ӿȥ֫ٺˢŰÿһϸٻѨٴӶΣصС
ȥʮһ
һ󣬱λֻʣʮ֮һ
ϵֱˣһԵ÷ǳ٣
Ȼȴ˴ʮ౶
з󼢶ĸоȫë׶ſ󻯣ȱ
ͷƺ֪ʲôҪʲôϰס䣬ȫ䡣
ӿ˰壬뾭һС죬֮С
ԺһʶΪӵĲҲ䳤ǿ
ͷʶʶһɨĨͷʶ
پһСĴúеһʵŽ
ͷ˵ŻĻơͷʶǵڣѵͷҲƲɣ
ʶ̽һ´ͷʶ־ûĨʶͷʶǳԼ״̬
һ룬ҲˣͷľӹԼ壬ʱӵӡǾ͸ͷˡ
ԣԼܷͷ֮ϵġ
ͷʶԼ壬ҲԼ
ʱͷԼҲûв
ͨ˺󣬰Ҳͷˡ
ͷʶɱ
öƵĹ͸Ѿס˼İ֪ˣ
۾Χ谵ʮκζ·ֱܷʮֻڽУаֲֻͬܶʮһζʮֻϣֻڵϣֻˮһֻϻֻǴܡ
ΧһУ䶼
ʶһţΧһ׵һжӳԺһάͼγԺУԲ׵һӲĶ䣡
Цˣľ㣬ΪȴǱɽʱҪǿöࡣ
ǿȣʶǿȣҲ۷壡
ףоŲһˣһ㶣˵
䵭һЦ͸һȻ׽֮ΧĻƺΪһ塣
ֻǸой˵ζϲҪϵĸо
ϲɺ˺졣
ĵҩ¯ʧ¯ֻõŵҩĿѪ鵤
ҲʮţмǵŻĸ߼
ʱԭһѾʮˣʣʮȥ̫ԭҲЩˣ׼ˡ
βƿӣð䲻ͷۡ
Ҫٷǳ壬֪᲻ܳ

ɫһҪȥ
ȥ̫ԭһˡ
Ҫһȥæס䡣
ˡ
һ޶ϵϵȭ俴һݣɣһȥ
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ݸ˵شڰǰЩСһȵԾ
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ĶǸϳȥ˵
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ӡĵĴ۵ӣһŴᣬһ˫һһѶܣЦ׷ˡ
ԪѾˣ۵·Ҳˣ¶۵⡣
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Ŷһ飬Ѫɣײһϡ
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ղڱ棬˫ҪץסۣԪԶʱ˫ɵشԪԣһĺϣԪˡ
ӣȻԪֻǻһ£˫һ˿֮ɫ
𣡡ԪԷһ޺𣬽һûͣ˴ϡ
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۵һһѪ˳
˳ȥ
Ԫһſٵ˫Ķϣƥ˫ĳӶˡ
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Ԫƺûһ㣬ȥˣ̧һŲ˶ϡ
ƺһҽжûзͷһᣬˡ
ͷһת˫ȥ
˫µغˣԪûиᣬ͵һŲؿϣ˫һѪ
Ԫӣ˫Դ£Խˣ



126 Ƥҡ

ֵʱԪĨϵĶתͷȥ
ϣҡ
ԪһȭͷѴŸ˽ȥ
䣬䣬Ⱦɣˡ۵һʱ䷢˰䣬
俴ֳѾ׹﷢ʲô顣
֪ͷ
Ԫûлعͷ˵ڻûѵǡ
͵죬˾޵ľ޺𣺺𡭡
һͷŲʹ࣡
üͷʶĶ˵ԪԵ̫̫ˣ
˳ȥԪǰ棬Ԫԣ򰳣
ŵ̫ˣǾͶ
ȻԪǲѣȴǶ԰²֡
ü˵Ķһ°ɡ
ͷסˣ˵ͷܰҵȫģ
ȻԹȴԵطӰĻ
ֻܿëߣԪ˹ȥ
ԪԿû飬һȭͷӳȥһëǵͶˣ
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128 Ƥĺڡ

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б̧ȥ󣬰óһŵҩ鵤
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ǿΪĵ裬٣Ͳö֪ˡʵʵ˵
Χ˶Ц˳ˣԼ֪ĵҩ˵Լģ
ѪҪö࣡ǿ
Ѫ棬Ѿˣ˵鵤ǿãﶼһ
Ҫǰʼʱ˵ֻ鵤ҩΣԽ׺󵱳һԡҪһֽݵĲҩ֪˭УԸһ
ݣɽˡ
Ŀ˰伸£Ŀƺڴ䣬ڴˡ
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Уֻǹ˻ǳ˶δء
öδ֪ҩĵӣֻ²ܻ׾ݰɣɽЦˣ˵
عͷ˵Է裬óмһСֵܽҲǸ˹һ顣
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һվˣΪӦú͹򾸲࣬˵λֿԵڷôҩҪǵҩЧôǮ
Էһ£ʵθЧ
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ԷЦһŽ͵СֵܣҼﵽ죬μԭᣬʦҪһȥû뵽СС裬ܺȲɣ
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Էһ㶣ûôûģʱ򻹸˵Ĵ󻰡
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Уλţʦɽ˶һڣš
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ɽ뱱λŻɽȴüԷ裬ƺʲô֮һ㡣
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ߵһ칵鵤칵ͳ﹵ˣҪȥøһ
˿Ŀ⣬Ҫɱһ
ʱԷԼˡ
ҩҩֻܴߵˡ
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˻˵꣬ԷϢɽĻˡ
ɽ䣬˵鵤Ȼ鵤һݣú㣡
ϲ㣬䲻֪Ҫˡ
ó鵤Ҫɽʱһ˳ͷɲҪ޳ܡԷͽܲŸոյ죬ʮ̽һӾʹӲ嵽죬ֻҲԶˡǿҩǸ廨׾ҲǿԳȥġ˼һⱦ鵤𣿡



131 ҡ

վˣŵ־
ɲ˵СֵԸ⻻ʲô£ɽܲҪ˵
ԽϣΪԽߣƤԽ
ڱصãʱվԱߣͷȥȥ
滯
ɽƤʵ˷ָ־ֲָָͲתͷ԰Ͱ˵Сֵܹգ
հ
ԭǰֵܣ־һͰүүϱ˳ֵˡ
߹İļ˵ֵǲ֪鵤Ƕ౦һ鵤һݣͷҪ˰ˣһǳԿˣ
Ŷ𣿡˳Ļ˵
־˵ǵȻ鵤ﻻĺöʹһ㿴Ҫǿˣ
˵ͷ㲻Ⱑɽˣæ
ʲô⣬ֵܲǻû𣿡־ɽƿһСѶ
һһɫֲʮף濪ɫλ䡣
˻˾ˡ
û뵽ҵ˻
Ů˱ʮղϵ˻
ڳĲŮߣ۾Ͳһˡ
־һۻڰϵݣϵıЩ˵ֵҲǳ谮֮ˣϣ˻ܱСʮ꣬˻ܿ߶䣬һ˱һò䣬ֵðֵܻһ鵤
⻰ǰѰΪһˡ
ߵͨ죬ͷĺ
־˻Ľܣ̲סջ¶Դ˿Ļ
ʱȴһ˼
˵˻ȻǰʶǻܹƤ˥ϣЧȴǸݵҩ
ǸͻȻ磬ӦҪһŸݵ
ͷ˻ҵףҪÿɲףҪٿûõƾƭСֵܣɽ𴩵
־ɫ΢΢Σ˵ǿ仨˻ǺټģѾ俪ˣѾֵˣиˮõĵطٿֵܣҽһԿģ
ɽһۣ˵Ҳ̰ģֻҪһ鵤Ϳˣ
һϢҲԸͰֵܽһ鵤һ
Ǳ̫ϳϣݱŻҪߣ
˻Ȼˣɶˣ
鵤Ȼ
Ҳ鵤ȣɶˣǶɱ졣
ԷѾһţֻʣţɽ־ͷѪּӽһˣϱţɲһˡ
ţϿɲʣž͹ҷˣǿɲˡ
һϢܺǵݺ˻𣿡
ɽԼֻܻһ鵤ԷѾˡҪǱŽۣԼܲܰѳԵ³ɣ
־ԼһݱŸˣ
ǷģϢǺͰֶԼԺ鵤֪ͨһұȻõȼ۵ĶͰֶſ˿Ǽ˵
Ųʣµţɽ־һȻ
˵ãµ鵤㡣
Ŷ԰΢΢һЦϢһ˽¸㡣ȻǼΪ
ͷ˵ɽ־ҲҪռֶıˡȻ٣鵤һݣӡ־˻棬ۼֵȲһ鵤ϣ
ûиеˣᱻͷˡ
Ҳֻ֮˵⻰
ɽ־Ƥʵںûһ˿Ρ
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俴һۣķⶫ֪ĶҪĶ࣬Ͼ֪ķɽġ
īǴʱʢһʱѧɣо󷨣˰ĺ棬ţƤͼ
һЦŻǳֺԼʹⳡûгԿԼҪôӡ󻹲
鵤ԭĿģݣȥͿԳˡ
鵤޵ĶóĶԵ̫ͨˡǶ˽½
ᣬĬĬؽС
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һһץŽ𺣣ȵʵ˵Ȿ޹ģ
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СˣɱͽԶˣ˵⹦˭ģҪΪͽ𣬲ȻȰɱˣҳڵŭɢԽԽأָһɫָۿɼٶȳ˳˽𺣵·
ߵĶǵΧۡ
ǵĻһ㶡
ʦĹȻڰϣŴ鶼ǾģƤҲɫģҪϻ治ϡ
ղô˹ˣ
𺣵Ŀɨһ£ҲǼǵ⹦ǴӰȥġ
Ȼ֪ͷΪΣǰ֮רаĲ
׼鷳
ü˵ǰСǸɵСˣղŵռˣÿ˶һʵ벻ⱾǴ˭İ
⵹ðһ㶣һھǰ棬Ȼѣ
㲻˵ǰɣɱ㣡׹צҪ𺣵Դͱ
ߣźһ
һ١
վ˳˵ʩĪҪƻԭĹء
ţɽ־򳡣ûǸɱˡ
áǸɱͽˣˣﲻҳҪСһ㡣һְץв
׹צ
Χ˶оһ岻ɶ˶
صչ˵ĶվԱͬվڱһ㡣
ʱ򣬽𺣻û˵ðһӡ
ҽнҲЩȻˡϵȺȥƺҪҳǸ
޹ȥˣǸͽ𺣻˹˲ҳֻϽ𺣣һìֳˡ
ûᡣ
ףǸͻȻ



132 зն

˳ݵָ俴һһѽ
ڷεĽͨ졣
ѽعӣȴûʲô֮ղ˳ֵıҪѵĺá
ԱߣһˣƻʦãƺǸúϤͬһɵġ
Ҫһѽʲô䲻һѽôȤˡ
ʵзնʵ۰ѻλүүʱΨзˡС˵ܲһֱȥɣҪһзôҾĻᣬҸҲи̨£ԭң
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ŶǴŻȨз
࿴ۣ⽣̫ͨˡ
зֻ֣ϷС˵׳ƶѡ
֣ӦзǹŴʵõı
ںʱΪзնԪűרȨӵն࣬з޵ſʼġ
峯зնֻǻʵ۵ѣȴûʲôȨ
Ҳڲʵ۵зնȴûԭ
ȥҲֻȥһĻĶѣֻõ֣ݵͰѽһˡ
áͷĶĲܶȥҲǲ
֪ʲôۣ԰ѻھеĽ𺣸˹
ýƿǸ˹޹ߣܵ
ǣʱ侹ȻҽҲ̫˰ɣҪǱ֣˻˰
Ĩһ亹ȴ¶ۼ䡣
ҪзҿۣΣԽ˵
𺣵ͷӦղռ㲻ٱˣæһˣ
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ȻߵطȥˣȻעŽ𺣣Ҷ
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һ£Ҫ˵ȴЦˣƻʦã⻰Ҳ̫ˡʦţܼ²ɣǲˡ
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תҲƻۣѵƲӹзն˺ݡ
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˵ؿһۡ
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漴ת䣬ʵⱾƲǴӺζ
ͱ˵飬ðһˬ
в顣
ƲݺеĵƲʱҲˣĪҪƭңСһ䡣
ֻ˵ʮǰиеҼסԲˣ´顣ⲻҼҲ飿ıѹЦ˵ӵⱾйأҼҲҮѵȥҼ͵鲻ɣ



133 鱨

ߣŭһִӱһѽ
죡
ף˰ֶұΪУźͰԤ鵤Ȼܿɱ
һ٣ż˵㲻ұҲҪֶó鵤ʦǺεǿõƲ֣ҲûߵƲ˫ĻᶼûСӦѰҵӣĪҪལǴһǿĵˣ
ŰѸҪ˵ˡ
״Ѿߵˣûһ̨¡
ʲ񡣼вһֱãҲû˽ùûͽһ̨¡
Ű԰һͷ֪ˣǸòϡ
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Щ˵ĻԭĵؽһڣϢ
߹ߣǼæɢ
ղ˵ҪϢĹˡǧû˲ǵػڻĹ֮в˴ؾ˸ֶֻĲջ񡣡Сظ߰䡣
ղ˵ҪһϢ鵤ԤʸԭϢ
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Ҳ俴
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ղʱѾ̧˲ټۣ˶ҩ˲ֵԲû򡣲Ȼ۸ʣҲû¶š
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ȻȻ۸ʮ
Ǵٰ
ǣԭĹƻˣҪҩֻۣñһˡ
ù˿ҧгݣȴòֻֻнˣ
ǻԶһЩҪ֪ʶ̽𺣰ɣڰļϣ˵
ЦЦƷг䶯۸ûʲôõġȻɽֹﲢûй涨
˵һԭᣬ׬ģֻнһˡ
׻Ѿǽӽʱˡ˵Եݣŵ˻׼𺣹ҪͰߣŲı͹˰䣬ȻѵҪҹԽԽã
˵ŷ֣Ѿв˴Ҵҵسˣ



134 Ц

״ϣЩΪжģ黬֮˼ˡ뿪֮ʱߵ֮ǰҪߵˣ䵥ͻᱻǸˣ
һѣһóһŲͼ
ͼϻɽ·
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ָָ·⼸С·һߣĻʮģһ⼸·ˣȫˡ
˵·Σյģ
ͻȻСؿ䣬˵Ҹ㣬οȫ׼ҵȫ·ߣ㿴ˣһС·ǰһǰȫģͲˣϪһǴٺ١
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ϣˮɽһ߹ȥߵǰȥˣˣȴҳ
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ǵڹһ֮ѰˣˣԼ㹻ģŲȻıˡ
Ų
Ϊˣ֪һС·ᱻ˸֣˵ĵ·߸ûУֻһ취
ǾαװŲıЩмСҪǿɽϲϼߣʱû˻·ˣ
ǰ겻ɢмС֮ͽδӽǰ߹ǽ𺣵ҪǿԽԽ١
Ȼ죬ûѰһΣСˡ
뵽һγɹȥҾͷˣԺһʱ䣬ҲûԴˣ
Ϊһɢޣһ·ѵûɵԴ֧֣̫ˣ
뵽һεջ񣬽ﶼЦ˻

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
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ЦǺ洫ġ
תͷһɫĹͷЦ
ѽҵ谡һæ˳ȥ
ɽ⣬Цؿɫһף֪ˣ
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˵ҪһαװֺѣǶڹ˵ܽС̺ʽѲ飬ֱ׵˼㡣
صüõĽ𺣣һʱҵˡ
ŲϱƽĹ֪꣬군ˣ



135 塿

ǰĲ֪˭ѹ޹ҵİˡ𺣿ź
һ٣ƺ˵ŶˣһǰСӣҾǴõģ
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𰸣ֻֻ֪
֪֪һмһϢ˭Ҫ˭򣡡𺣺



140 ̡

ͷСӣ
ϴԭᣬ׬ôôû˸·ˣ
ҡڣ±˰ܣ
ֻҪӳɽЩֻȥˣҲò
˵ķ飬𺣲ΪȻϢֻʮˣ˶˾Ͳˡȵã
⻰һ˾ֺң
óһ̣𺣼ϳɽ
𺣶˼䣬Ǹ۾һһͷתͷˣ뿪̩ɽ
һϢһǷǳмֵóһмͽ𺣽
ػĹˣֻ챦ԺţѾǰػĹˡͷ͵Ϣ˰䡣
ʱҲɢòˡʮҪֱ߿һûлɼ񡣽𺣵һߣ͵һϢ߷ߡ
ûһС
󲿷ߣߵɽˡ
ҲӦøһЦ
գ
ͷ˷ܵغһ
УڶߵͻȻ۾ʳ̧ͷϵжѹƺдһ۾һ˿

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ߣһһ˱ҪǶǳǸ˰
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ȻԺչͽ˱ͷ˴ԵľżȻҲڰ䣬;ÿֲ
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԰һ֮Կ磬ǲܵġͱС䲻ҪԼҲҪʵ
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ʯͷǺϪԻڼǰ֪һƬֺаҰɽԶҽƬ֡
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ͷܱӰһͨԹ̫Լ˵̫ߴˡǺϰ䣬ͨʶʯͷڤڤеĸо
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Ƕǽˡ



141 һͽ

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һûˣʯͷ˺ü䣬ûˣ֪Ѿˡ
˷ܣû뵽Լ飬ĵһͽ
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ڴ峤һ£һǰʯͷץصҽţˡ
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Ϊ˱Ķüӽ
Ҳڰ䣬ΪӽԿġ



142 ס

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ǣ˵ڶͽ
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·ڰĿʾֻ֣˵Լ̫ԭȥһʱ䣬˵ǱߵĻҲûĹ
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143 ͷ

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ҲǰԪϣԪʯһһһҪ䵽ϣԪ͵ץס



144 ˡ

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145 

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146 ٶ

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147 

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148 ɻ

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149 

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153 ˼ơ

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158 ʧء

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ɫԽԽףʹߣ֣󣬾Ȼڴиˡ
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ĲȫĹҪҪҰͣ˵
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Ѿ߱˲ҪһƬĽ׷Ű䡣
Цŷ̵㲻˵ù𣬲Ҫ𣬿



159 һѡ

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Ķ࣬ϵش̼ʹƢԽԽãԽԽʧأҷţһ˵Լ
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˵꣬ȥˡɲҵѹ



160 ƹˡ


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ţΪ̸̽ʮ



161 ɩɱ

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·ѵҪ˵ɣ
һ죬̩ɽҪתͻȻ
۾ϿȥһƥһϮ£ãæԪԶһȥ
ףǲɩ𣿡ԪԴһ¡
Դȥ
ŶԪԷһ
СӹȻòɵˣ鶼ˡ
Ǳߵ磬ɽȴûͣǲɽȥ
ٶһ˶ѡ
ͻȻһ£۾߲صķ˿
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֮һ˿ʶʶ˻оڿ
粻ǿ󣬶Ҳָ֪оڿԪԵĿⱻϣֻüͷûио˾ɽȥ
ܿ죬ʧ˵
ɩɱԪԿ˿䣬˵
һߣһ߶˵һ仰֪̫ˣСıڡ֪𣿡
ԪԲ֪ˡ
̩ɽݣİٶľ롣
ʱ䣬ϵݡ
ӱһӸоһ硣
³飬ڽϺӱҪһ㣬һʵӵĸо
ǽӴ˼֮󣬾ͿԿӱЩ
ӣһ졣
أҪ˴һ䡣ȻôôˣӦòİ
ԪŶӶˣ磬һҽ˵꣬ǽȥ԰ɣ
ҲԴһͷת˽ȥ
һʮ߰˵ɩӣ˽ˣ۾ֻǿǣϵıмȻû仯
һˣӦþǵˡ
Ѿüĵˣ˽һ鶼ûУҲϰˡ
ɩӣӡԪæӱߣɩ˵Բϡ
ʱɩӲе㷴ӦվŶ
춯춯ʲô龰
ʮӲɩӾʹ˳жĴӣŵ˰ԪԵǰ档
ҪͨĵҪö࣬ҽװģʵڡ
Ǻӱ˵Ŀɰ֮
ԪԺسƤں֭ζ
ܿ㶨ˣֽ룬ذֻһ룬Ԫ롣
䲻ųԣԱߵɩɩӹգ
ɩȻ࣬˵۾ȫڰϣרעӡ
Ŷɩӣ˵İšһӽһ˵
ţһ˵ǰйţˮһ͵ˡŲһ㣬Ѿͷˡɩ˵𰲼ţ۾Щ⡣
˵ģǸ˰ֵҪһ֪ɩӿ֪ס𣿡
һᵽ֣ɩɫͻȻˣЩܵؿ˿ǣͲ˵ˡ
ţɩӿʲô֮ѯʵ
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ԪһһҪ˽ԣķûŲκö٣ˣô룬൱ͨڶѾʮ˻Ҫ룬źá
ڣˣԪĶӣԾɩ˵ɩĽóԣ
ɩһЦ
Ǯ߳˵ɩƲظ˳
ԪҪǰһԪԣ˵ֵܣǼţҾ͸˵ɣҪȥ¶ģ
ţͬһϵ˼
˵֮æܽȥˡ
Ԫüͷ̧ͷ䣬ʵ磬ʲô˼
ȥ֪ʲô˼
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ѵԵϵã̫ࣿ
ŵˣǸΧ츣Ӧòȥ
飬ֻҵ֪ʲô¡
һ˺üˣûԸ߰䣬ס
ʱ򣬰䲻òˣⶼʲô˰ôһ˵һ»
һ죬ط˶һԣûˡ
һҵס£һ߶Ԫ˵Ҫһ£ɩһʣ
磬ȻҲ֪˵ʲô˼һǺ£㲻Ҫҵ⣡
Ц
ԺӱˣĴ򲻿ȱڣǮó٣ȴûԸΪǮڡ
ҲԪٶȥһʣٲҲ˵
û취ˣֻڳתˡ
תƵʱȴ֪̩ɽҲ
ʵҲ֪׷ɱ
⣬ֱ˽ȥ
ʮ˿Ůӽһ
Ůǰ컹Ͱһ𣬶һͰǰ뿪̩ɽ
ӦúͰйϵġ
ֿɲ˾ܽûΪͽĶܻˣһ˾ͻ˹ȥҧ
߽ǲ˵Լˣ
ֻ˺һȦûˡ
ʮΪǰҪһֱں档
ʱҲˣͽסʮʵأ
ʮ԰ֺİ룬˵Ԫɽȥˡ
ɽˣ
˶ã
졣
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ͻȻɽʱоһطڿĸоѵʱ򣬰Ͷ
Щ̣ˡ
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ʮҪ˵˰˵Ҫ͸¶٣ǰѻȥ˵ȥ֪
翴ʮƭȴûа취˵
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ǰ佨Ḷ̌ܵ˺ܲˡ
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Ȼڰĺⲻתת黹Ǻࡣ
Ȼˣһжˣһжõһο˸е¡
ǣȴԵôͣеĶغദ
ֱҲһʸС
ЩûׯڣҲ翴˺þá
һԺڣžʱ򣬱ײˣӵطֿˡ
һ죬·УȴЩԼƻ˱˵ĺ¶е˼
ߵµľݣûˣȻҪôľݣȻŹˣ;˯ˡ
ʱϵʹѾСԺˣʰľԪ˯ĵطʰɾһĵطˡ
תľݺ棬ͻȻһһɫСע⡣
ⲻǼɡôҲУ
ǲ֪ɡѾˣѣѴ£ºѿˡ
߹ȥɡݡ
ͻȻʮˡ
ȥץɽʱץɽʮԱ
Աͽ̫ɽˣʣµľȫɽˡ
æԱ͵֮У˵Ҳᶪ
ɽǹ档
Ǿˣüͷʵ
ЩԱʱϻѪ
ʮֻǰǷڵϣͲˡ
ҽŮ翴ȥˡ
ذ˸̧Ϊжŵľֳ䵭طڵϣǰ̫ˡ
ʮһ£Ȼ˵û£һͲˡ
һûˣ߹ȥԱǰʼơ
Ǳˡ
ȥҲҩɴʮԸ
˼ֲҩʮɲʶЩҩһһ㶵ġ
ȥϴ峤һ֪ʮһԴ˵
Ҫ뿪һֻɽèҧҪһҩ˹ǰ



162 ɩ

ʮһ
ţϵжҧŲҩǰ档
ʱǲףҩԱõġ
Ƕ֪ĶĻˣǵġ
ǣΧͽǶˣȫ˰ݡ
ԭ̫äĿˣˣǿһĻﲻһ¡
ʮˣѲҩˣ˿ں˷ϡ
ԱΧͽĿ⣬˼ָж𾴡
ʱżõ׺ԡ
һγԵ׺粻ССؾһ£óԣӡ
ҹע⵽һֻľݵʮȥͽδҵģһҪ߽ʮڣͻᱻֻǸܡ
ⲻǰԼ
ô֪ͷĴڡ
ֻǵľٶȴطһ˿С
۾ɨɨȻûлѣ֪ʮͽûйҡ
ҪôҪô˯
еҡ
šһü˽ȥ
˴ȺիϢʱ䣬Ҳÿ϶
Ҫ˯˯¡
һԵ˼ת𺮱
ǸоڿտҲ˰䣬
ҪͻȻоʶ˽
ɹˡ
һ£һҲǲġ
ͷ֣ںаȴû취
ѵǺ̫߼ˣ
ôҲǲ˷ʱ䣬ҲΪ˱²Ұ䱨
ڰ䵱̸һֱǵãʱ˳
ŨյģȴֻôССһƸա
Ǹ쵰˵ղ˵ġ
ôһССģ
ͻȻ뵽ݺɡݣˣҲֻԼˡ
뵽Ҳˣ񣬿ʼ
ڶѹȥ鿴ЩԱơ
ʪůĵط˺·ףȴط֣ǵ˿ڲףһϺˡ
̫ѧˡ
ʮӳʶѾȫ߸˵ˣԴѾϰˡ
ͷù£ټϷϵĲҩĹͣԱҪƽʱͽöࡣ
ܿҲͲ˵ԭ򣬹ൽϡ
н̸ʮʵ
ʮţżҴˡʮ˼˵̸ǽ͵ģ㰳ˡ
˵˯£δЩңΪβЩľӣҹ
ʮһ£ܿӦá
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ҲΪҹ֤ݲһ㡣
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һ죬ʮ˵ȥһƬط˷ӡ
Ҫľжֹܹǡ
ڲ˺ֵԭϣڿյϽ˼׵ľݡ
ʮ룬㰽֪ˣҲִ
ݵİ˸磬˭
ǰʮˣüͷ
˴޹ֻһһҵزˡ
һһأ˵
һһׯûãͻȻ
һ̣Ƕŵܽ
һ㡣
ԪԿʮˡ
Ǵ˵ˣҪŮˣʮף콻ȻǵĴӣ˺ŵ˵
еӶŹصýģɼں˵ĺ¡
ں˷ûһм˳һڼó˴ףװڴ˷ŵڡ
ӣǶˣӱ˴ˣֻҪһͨõʡʡ¡
Ƿʽģ⺷Ҳ̫ˡ
ʳյˣŮȴûС
Ůأһ˶ݺݵʵˮ絽һϡ
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ŰѴߵŮˣֵǣŮˣŮأ
Ǻһ˽ȥ
˵ͷע⵽˿ֵİˣ˹
ʲôģôô⺷˶Դʲô˶ˣڰİ˺֡
·ġ˵
üڿҪҪץ
ʱﶼŮ˵ļŮ˱˸˳ˡ
ףǲɩ𣿡ԪͻȻ
俴ȥ
ҵļš
Ȼɩһﱻץͷ˳
ǰĺ˿˿˵İˣתͷһɩӣתͿ˴ɺȵǡ
ְɡһԪԡ
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Ԫ˳ȥһȭ˺ͷϡ
ͻȻĽų죬ĺ䵽£ƨɸѹԴ
˿һ㶣ǹ߳˹
ԪԴʱѾɩӳ˹ȥں˳ʱֻ°һˣɴһ¡
ָָԪԡ
ںתͷԪԴһоȳɩӣһȭ˺˵Ķϣ˲ҽз죬ݶϡ
һ໽е׷ȥ
ɩӣû°ɣˣԪɩ˵
ɩѹԪԣһӾȥĵһҪʮСӡ
۾¶м֮ɫǱߵ춯ʮ׷ŵüУæ㵽ԪԵĺ档
Ԫ͵תͷ˹ˣǳȥ
оԼ·ƺһ£ͣûס
ܿȺ֮У绢ȺǲҽзȻԪŮ˵ĳæŴˣûתͷȥ
Ӻеĺ˶ˣԪվм䣬ٺٵصЦ
䣬ʵ磬Ҵô
ָָ֣棬˵ˡ
Ԫһ㶣תͷȥɩӵڵϣϰϵس۵ؽš
ˣæܹȥɩӣʵɩӣôˣѽֶƤѪˣҩһ
óһݣ˽ͷŵɩӵϡ
Ūɩһһ㶵ģԪŪò˼ϺģҲССжˡ
߹ɩҲɵ˵Ϊ½ǸŪˤģԪͿҩ󣬰˵ЩӳȥҲˡ
Ԫһܹȥʮ˵忸ܴӳȥŪú󣬾͸Űˡ
ɩӿһʵǲҪ𣿡
ǰ˵
ôңɩӽסǣ֪ǲҪˣҴȥ



163 

ЦˣڿˡװԪԣȥлһǣ
ԪӦһһܳȥĺֲҽ
ɩӿƤ
ڰ˵ĻЩ˼
ղűļܳм䣬ɩֻǹߵݴţû뵽Ӻ˹硣
˰֣ɩ뿪
ﵣĺ˻𣬵ǾȻûи˵һ䣬Ҳû°䱣ǡ
ǵиԡ
·ϣɩӲ˼˵λɾĪҪǣҲΣֻҪϰйϵˣû³˭Ҳҡ
û³Ϊʲô֪й£ʳ˰𣬰ӵˣΪʲôҶˣ
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ʱֵ죬ˮӿش
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ԣָĶӦúܴ󣬵ȴûп
һξţ俴һֻɫιˮֻںڵСţһʱΪԼˡ
ɩӣʲô㣬ôҲʶָź㣬ʵ
ɩһתͷȥһŵðˡ
ߣߣɩԪԺͰ䣬æȥƺйں׷һ㡣
˺þãɩӲ
ʲôҲû˵
˺һָָһլӣ˵ϰɵļңǹȥɡ
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ʲôˣһдԵʮ㣬ȴŲɣ
˵°䣬
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Ԫ豭˵ɩӣĽӺܺóԡ
һӾ뵽ʲôˣŶһ˵ͷʣǹΪΣ
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ô뿪ôԶȻһ˺˷蹷֡
˵ĸ蹷䷴蹷ֻǸţķ˵ϲãԲŪˡ
³ˣǰ³ܵܡˣڻ׷Ű䡣
仹δش𣬺ڻ۾͵һ˵ˣ㡣Ҫȥ³㣬û뵽㵽ǵĵˣ
⻰˵Χ˶һһ㶵ġ
˭Ͷʲôϵһֵʵ

üͷһڻȻǷ蹷Ĵ硣
ڻһЦ˵֪˭˰ɣ
˵ͷղŵѾˣҶܵĳٲ֣Ҿɱ͵ˣ
һ˿䣬ʵͺڻʶɱ˲գۣҪСģһ¼ǵòҪȥ
˵ڻӲ˵ڻҵĿˣҪ𣿡
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Ҳסˣڻ֮ҲЦ
һΪġ˵
˵󣬾ڻȥ
Լ߰ɣǰţڻߣǸӣǰɱ˰䣬ץɽĥ
磬ҲȥҶӶˣɽһкóԵģԪͻȻ˳ȥٺЦ
ҪץһûץסԪǻĻһ¶ͷֵ



164 ж

һ֪ɽ
ʯһڻƤϣһ۾Ű䡣
Χһٶ󺺣ҲŰǿ
Ԫվм䣬ȻɣһѹûС
Һܺ棬ô֪Ǵ蹷˵ģʳеɻ
ãҾ㵱׹ڻ֣жһֻӬһĶҶڵĶɱ˺˵˵ζȻɻߡϾֻӵζ
俴ֻӣһ£ӿ찡ûʱڷ蹷ϣȷʵһֻӷ˳ȥû뵽ɵڻˣһǸ˺ڻ
ԭô¡ˣҲ֪ˣڿʼɻˡЦһٶʮˣԪҪּţ߶ͣͷ㣬βңһҲˡ
ƽ֣ȻûšԪԿɲɣҶӻأ
飡
ڻһ£ߵǵǹҼҰֵǣȥǣһ͹
Χ˶˹
Ԫüͷһ壬ŭĿųˣ߰ﺷ˺ͨ˲һʹӲǰ蹷ʹõһܹʱƤڿٵرüӲ
Ԫ˫ȭͷһ󣬽һţȺȥ
һͷ˾ȭͷԪҲȭͷȥ
飡
ǿײ
һ̣ͷ˵ֹǴӼϱ˳ȥ
ͷ˲ҽһԪԵڶȭѾȥˣӲĺ˵ĶϣƥͨӴ˺˵ļ
ǰ壬ֱԱһ˴ȥ
˲ϴһԪԵȭͷĲϴģһ죬һ飬˵ĲҲһߣ
֮ǰڴׯ˻ִ磬ǵ˾Ͳˡ
⼸ɩӳԵҲӦڰһΪĻȫʹˡ
Ԫߴ൱̣Ǳ߻վ˹ģ
Ǻȴûͣ
̧һӣʮ˳ȥĺ˲Ӳжǿȫ񶹸һг룬еԴּңеİּңǱԪԻҪѪȲ̵öˡ
ֻǻ˼֣Ľٵĺˣȫˣ֫ȣγͷ­Ѫ⣡
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ʱԪԲŸ㶨Ǳߵˡ
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Ƶ˻ŻķԱߵķӣ˻ԴȻʼ֯ľȻ𣬺ܿؿסԱҲ͵ȥˡ
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ⲻ𰡡ʱһ٩Ц
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̫ףȴ뵽ʲô̾һһ
תԴ˵ҷģڻˡҿЩûӵģ˰һɹѹ˵
Ƕͷͬ
ǶŸм飺ϰɣңǶԲ㰡ⶼȥˡ
ˣһȥˡȴǰһ֣Щת
԰˵λңһ飬һؼҰɡ
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һײ˺ʯͷϣҲײʯͷϡ
Ƿвϵشڱϣӹûеһֱһطʯڱҽһӣ
ˣʱǿ˰Ķˣзеĳ
ǲǰǸһĶ
ûܹŵġ
㣬ʲôΪĸ֣ȻܹţʱĳԾˡ
̶ȣǱȸղŵţͷΪиߣ
ûȤشŰͷӣʱһͣʯϵͷͻȻ˳
һͷѿˣأ
⡭һγԾ
ΪıӴһ󣬴߾ûбκα˹ھȻڰϸˣ
󣡡Ҵ⣬
ʦһæڳ
һʮʦһƶ󷨣߹
ףϡǵ󷨵ӰӡǴıģ
óһѷɵһʦ
Ȼ֮УȻһѹʹðȥķɵıˡ
鷢ķɵȻҲ˻



168 ۡ

סķɵ֮С
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ûһͼʶ󷨵֮
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˹ڻ˸˳ɨɶ߶˷ʦʦһᣬȻѽˡ
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һﻹṩ鱨
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Ų죬Ӧǵʱûж¶棬֪ķǲǼġ
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ǰվƶ
۵˳ڴɽҲŻ
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ô֪طġվʯУʵ



169 ˡ

⻹ףͽָܸ·ϵķЦŵ˵
ղžһֱʶɨһߣȻһʱĵطעˡ
ûˡ
ΪǶˡ
ȴһЩ
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⣬԰ˡ
߽ȥԪѾˡ
ԪǿµǱСţȻûˡ
ʲôϵӣ
ɽһߣվһͷߣ۾ĵ󣬿Ű䣬ƺŭҪˡ
Ȼ㣡췢˵Ƿۣ
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ͷǳԣܿ˲֪
֪ôʲôۺߵ鵤
ߵǶαװȥģĻᱻϳ
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Цֻǳó󣬲Ҽ˰ɣ
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Ѿ۵ΪȻǹϡġ
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ѹԪᱻ׵ץǱذ
ϡҪʯ˵ԪԣǺ׵ġ
áѷŵϣӻóһƿӣ漴Ӹۡ
۽ӹԪСܶȥ
ǱߣԼٶȣοӣȷĵӣȻû鵤оŨ֪Ǽٵġ
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ʯһȥԪԱһʯ壬ǺڶԪ˵˽ȥ
粻ҪԪˤȥûоŵļУ԰亰
ǰûͣһ˹һץ䣬һ淢һУһ
з˷𣬷ҽжûУͱԴּˡ
һ򣬷˷ۣһ֪ЧΣûʱץסԪԣһȥ
СҲŹġ洫˷۵ŭ
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ߣиʯͷԪԹȥܿվһʯͷ֮ϣ뿪ˮ档
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ûΣǲݣΣǶҩ˽ܿ˻ˮɫġ
ȥ
˵˷𶴣ЩﻹǷĶȴˡ
Ƿ󣬰ʯˡ
֪ɽλãŷµλãһȭ˹ȥһʯ屻ˣʯȥˮ
طˡ
֭ȥ
ӵӣ֣˵ˣǺ췢ͷȥ
ԪҲҧҧԷǺ޵˼㣡
ղҪǰһȥԪԵʱֱţֻ³ǳʳˣӸ
ڰ棬ɽȥ
ɽСʯУͻȻɳͷȻġ
洫۵Цо׽ٿһǣģ˾Ȼ㣡
û˷ڣһٽһֻҪЩڣʲôû鵤ҳˣЦúܲⱡ
Ԫ۾Ż𻨣ʱȥ鷳ˡ
Ǹ߽һͻȻһҽ⣬ж
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ʲô
Ԫ߽ȥѾڵϣɵñҪͻϻץֻҧ㣬һֻ˵Ķӣкɫֲ



170 ַ

磬ҲһˣԪ죬Ц
ղŷۿǸ˲ٿͷ
Լð˳жûܹȻͷһΡ
һӵɽİ棬Ķǣˮﱻˡ
ղŴˮףߴףʯ⻬ˮһֱˢţʱеȥΣա
ڳˣҪˣʹһ٣Ȼڳʱ򣬸ˣ
ⲻЩʣ
ҲǺƣ
ûϡĸֶأҲ֪ϡĸǶǿ
ԼҪ򣬻жѵĳ̶ȡ
ϡһǵԵɽţǵڶ
ܸоǺǿȴ֪ʲô
̩ɽɽԹһƣ
ԾƵ˵ֻж޺ģжˣ˳Ҳ°ô۾ˣ
Ԫ߹ȥ߷۵ʬ壬˵۾ǹĵģ㾫İɣ
һ˵䵹Ƕ˺棬ʱ¶ֱۣ۵ĺۼ
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ȻΪȴҲжģԵԽ࣬ҲͱˡҲҵ˷ۻᱻԭˣ˶ˣжĲҩҲЧ
ҲǱˣˣԪԺһ
׵ûԴķԱߣ·ҲƬȴȷ۵١
ڷҲˣΧİճһڶΪһ񺦣Ҳ˲ŵƸ
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һߣһξ͵ȡģ֪ʯȡ֮ѣ뵽ˮࡣ



171 еȱ

ˮࣿˣӵ֮ࣿ
Ҳʯʯɻɫķ״ˮ裬ȵ֮󣬾ͳӲʯͷĿ״ȡʯҪöࡣ
ĶˣҪĶ찲ʱҲÿôʯͷľʽƴͼ
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ֵؿ˿䣬·̫ߣôС·ˣǲǸ
һͷӣǻ߲ˣǸ׳ͷӣȻլڼУȴǳע壬ǶŰС·ɽȥ
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˵󲿷ɵ˶ػĹȥѰˣػĹΣ̫࣬ȥ˾Ϊǰ̽·װ׵̩ɽʵʵıǶˣⲻǸǼ𣿹ͯЦ
Աߵʦܣɷ
˵ʦи߼еȱռⱦ֣Ժڹռиߵĵλˣ˵ɽ־˹ˣǿҿǻҪСΪ
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ҪÿȥѾϰΪʦˡ
ߣΪ˵õ˻ʵĹҪΪݻһЩĵжԱ
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Ѿʱ䣬ΪԼѡһŷ

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׵˵֮Уɢ˵ееӸ״˳ȥ
ÿһ絤ﶼ׵ţ
֪˶ã׵ˣԼʧˡ
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еĻռһǿռ䣬ûпһߡ
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´μ棬кϷˡ
ڰʱ򣬷ɽȴзص顣
ʱڷɽķڹ㳡ǰ棬㼯˵ԣţʮߣɽ־Ŷˡ
ڲ鿴֮ߵ˹㳡ϣ
Ѿ˷ڵκ˿õһۣڱˡ
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176 

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ʣµһҲǺ͸Ź⣬òˡ
ڷеȥҲ顣
ǰ˵ͷͲˣһҵһνĹӣһӿɴûнģӻ֪ʲôãһһã
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ֵһڣĺܺš
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177 ̨

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¼ͽδԭͽĻϳɽӢ꣬Ǵ˵еĽһֱŵĳ֮飬˳źΧ
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ͽһ˻ʥԭΪɽҪ죬һһΣһԭΪ˶ɽµ˰ˣ̩ɽ˱
ľӵ飬ʮҲͰ˵ˡ
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Щ˵뷨ʵѾˮˣȻн˵Чɽʯͷǣǲѣɽһֱ꣬ʯͷ
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ã˵Ժ·ͽʮ̡̩ɽ뾭ʮ̡ʮˣʮˣʮˡѺһ˿ͷ˵˳ʮ̾һţΪš
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181 ƿ

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֪̩ܵɽһˣţͷȭͷϣһһؼϣð𱨳ɡ
ŰԽԽҲԽԽأţͷ̱ˡ
ǣ׼Ÿոտʼ



186 ĸţ

أţͷǿǱʲôˡ
˰ﲻϷ̵һС֣Ͻ֯һ
͹˵ġ
ѹָղᱻк󣬵ɶȥʧȥս
ʱȸŪ嶼ЩΣԴҪܸˡ
һ־Ҫţͷ
һֿһַ磬ţͷ
ţͷƵһһˣֻڰ䣬ؿŰԽԽ
ҲҪƴǱһ磬ͽסˣҪûˡ
ңţͷ֣ղŸ¶ʱ滶ɢҲһЩõˡ
滶ɢ֮һ֣ΪԴǽ˵壬УԴƤ롣
ⶫһãĨƤϣĨһϱ
¶Ҳ뷿Ȥ֮ҪŮУĨЧ
ʱţͷоЩȣãȻⶾȾˡ
ղŻЦ䣬ԼҲжˣôҸطⶾ
ⶾֻŮ֮²ܽ⿪
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ѾվԼĹΧڣ˳ȥ
Sε·ߣţͷȥ
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䣡
򷢳һը
ţͷ˶Χ棬ȻӲţ֧ţȴһһذ˺ѿ
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Ѿ۾ЩˣԲΣ
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ЩƬըɺ¶һԲȦţǰ۾
ԴȥɲС
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ĸţ˵
Ҳˣûˡ
ǰʵûǸ
ҪǵһûȤô죿
ֵ˵һѨλưˣ
ǣڰɽʱĸţһָʹ䣬͸һһ
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Ӧǰᱻ˴ˣʱҲܲˣɿȥɽ
ɽȫʯͷҲϧˣĸţһӣѹԼ·
ٲⶾҪжˡ
ȥȥĸţ˫ȣ׼浶ǹؽȥˡ
䷢һĵط֭ˮ˳ؽȥˡ



187 ˮţ

뵽ĸţҲͬжˣղ·ϵʱ򣬰һֱõѵͰоˣŻôˮ
ǲǣʱֻʹöﱾܣ㶯ڵһطȥ
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ĸţ˵ԼҲ˶ҪⶾʱҲûѹţûƿ
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ⶾǽ⿪ˡ
ԱŵĸţŮһһ죬رĵطһƬϣɼղŷսҹĲ١
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ͻȻ۾һתµ˰һǳʲôԭԱҪɱģȴûɱ
ʲôԭ
ܴ뵽ԭֻԼ˹ϵﲻɱԼǴ˵˼ԸɱԼռŮˡ
ɱȴ˼ɱԼҪɱˣ
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漴һоĸˮţı仯ЩŹ֣ʵĻʲô˼Ϊʲô˵⣿
ĸˮţڰļϴȥһĽͽǣǽŮˣղΣǰͿɣҾǽŮˣ


188 ĵһŮˡ

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ͣĲȥȻ߹⿴ĸţԼҲ᲻
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ĸţһ·˵ɽҪǣǵȻ֪Ӧģõ˼飬ǲΪö鿴
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ţɴ۾˵ԼŪԼ˵ģһɺǿľڹҡ
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189 񶼡

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190 ͼӣ塿

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191 Ρ

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192 ޻

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196 ޡ

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198 β桿

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ͷڵõͽʶѾܸǵ̩ɽˣһ̩ɽȥ
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߳ɽȥء
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ϴ峤˵һ󣬰ɽȥˡ



204 

ĵͰ飬Ȱһ쵽ء
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ãйǰѧһ˵



205 ͽ̡

˵ͷ骡
ûнڲٵġ
ڰ䵱˹ˣ˵Լѧ
뵱˵ҪԼŵġ
ɲһͷƽϡ
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ǾǺͻʺ԰
ңͨҵˣʺҳȥģҵĶܶŸ

ȻˣҲҵˡ
ҵֱϵܱȵ



206 

ͨز߳ô֪ӷ˴ѵΪԼ
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ڿ⻰ڸ߱ˣһ۵·ǰˣ̣ٷۣͿˡ



207 ˰

յ˼ƽϵġ
֪ȥȥ޻صʱ׳ܳȥҪǱץΣܵǾԼˡ
ںˣһȥлصİ취ǾͲòһİ취ˡ
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ڵ˰أˮԣ첻֪գԽԽˣǳԲˣöӡ
͸ȥۣһȥлأ±Ҳбϣ취õģ
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ֻ񣬲ܵʳ˰۵ļˣ
۵ļͥĿ۵˿ڵһݡ
˵ˣһȥˣֻʣĿˣʱ򣬿ԭ˵ķݡ
һͿһݿŴˡ
á
еİڿһ߳ûǿˣõģƽߵ˹
ʱҲɢϢۺ󣬲ϱȥǰߣ̣ѧϰºǿ׳ˣŻȥǰߡ
һǸ߰ǣòãºЧپ
ʱҪܣҪ
ˣǰҲôһ¡
ǣ½ˡ
ʱ䣬ϰ
֣֯ͽѧȥѧӦΣ
ֻҪ˽̣Ͳ᲻ӰĻ᲻ȥۡ
Ȼƿһʵ촬Ҳ̫Цˡ
԰Դ˻Ǻܷġ
˰¶㶨ˣȻűְΣŰգİס
㶨µ˰˵ʵʵ̫ˣ뵽˱˰
µѡ˰İ취ܣҳߣ˻ûˡ
ܵغܶĴ棬彻⡣
ȳ͢˰Ҫö࣬սܵ
ض࣬˸ǵĲƸͻ۵ö࣬ǵȻˡ
ձ˰ˣ˹˸ˣ͢ͳ˿ڵĻԽԽˡ
ʷϳֹһ⣬Ƴǿʢ˿Ҳû峯Ķࡣһԭ򣬾ǰձ˰⡣
ĵḳ˰ðϢ
ʱ˰ȴ⻹ҪᣬǴİ뿪˴壬˻ʱ󲿷ֵİնǱͳڻġ
ʱ˰أսңʹðֲ˱˰ͷܽ˴Ƴʱû峯ʱãǰչԵû뿪壬ʹƳͳ˿ڵĻһֱ峯١
Ƴķ٣ҲĺڻĹͣΪ崴˲ƸʹвƽƳķ١
ڰ俴ı˰ʽ̫ڼˡ
ѾһЩ˰°취
ںϽʱ򣬶к˰˵ڹŴɼ򵥵ʱ˰ײɣ
뷨
ңҵɵ©ȻǴȫصİձ˰Ҽǵһеǲý˰ģǾ˰հͲý˰ˣ;ȼõʳգͿ𣿡
۾һʾҷ©һҳġ
ص飬Ѿ㶨䲻ţһֱػĹϢȥػĹ￴һ
صãͨ£ֱȥҷ©һӰѷо˸߰˰ˣһɾͨʿ
ڣġ
̩ɽ͸Լˡ
ʰãȥˡ
֮󣬰䵽˼죬ҵǵ١
ţǳüģ֪ˡ
һҹһɽ˽ȥ
䵽ɽأԵе䡣
ػĹڡ
Žȥ
ܿ쵽һӵʯǰ档
ǣƺûнʯţһȥˡ
俴˿ʯţǱȥ
ûãһСţŴţһϵ̨ס
ȥ
һСʯңٸվһԱߣһ㡣
ߣһµ̨ףߣߵһ룬ȴ̨ԱһԶ
˺ڳġ
Ϊʲǫ̂ȥڸһȥأ
֣ǻ˽ȥ
ﲻϤǸߡ
˶ʮףһСⶴ
俴˿һ㣬߶Ȳһףȴܿ˵Ҳмס
󣬾Ǳ
ǿȥȴԣ߹ȥ
ϰףڿм
ţ־ɽ˶ڡ
յֻ²㹻Թ
ɽߵŽˣµˣֻܽˡ㲻ǰ𣿡
⻰һű졣
־һֱڶڳܣ̧ͷ˵Ҫڶǵġ
ɽű졣
ʱߵʱ쵽ˣ
־æͷ
סϢǵĻʱա
ʱ䣬־վĵطͻȻһ˿ߣǴڵĶﴫġ
ĹôǴĹﴫġ
Ĺй⣿
ĹǺڰôй⣿
ãзӦˣˣһ̣˵
˵ˣҪǰŪˣ
ᶨ˵ĺˣһȫ׼ˡ
һó˲ٵĶڶǰ
ûǰڳʲôӣ֪һġ
ڰڶʱǵؾؿΧʲô⡣
ʱԽԽʱˣֻоһ𣬽Ǹ͸ŹĶͻȻܳһƵ
ŵĻƹ⣬ʹڰĵطԿ
ֻƹͻȻһᣬ֮С
һ̫ˣɹˡ
˵
ʱһһعȥֻǸ̽ƹ⣬յԽԽ࣬ƹԽԽ
ˣˣһʱ䣬ˣ֪˶ã˵˵
䡭
ĻŸ˵꣬ͻȻһ𣬽ųϵ
˶һôˣ˲ɣ
ʱ𶯵Уһӵص״˭޵ĳѣ
һӵɴ۾ɣ滹ʼʲɣ˵ʼʣ
ˣŸоĸоˡ
УһˣȴǼֵ˵
־ɽСĵع۲ΧĵΣֻԽԽأֻ²
ûУǿܵĺã
һһû˵꣬ͻȻһ
ֻһվĵطͻȻȥ
һһȥ
俴һǰɣôĵطȻ˵ˣһй
ߣǲߣ
Ȼˣûɲȥ˿
мֵĶȥ濴ȥ棬һεɽ붴ʮ׵ĵطС
ʱûˣСӰӦǵˡ
ȥ
սСɽֻоһ洵
ղˡ
ʹûнĹ棬ƻĶ
ֻǣģ
ɽ滬ȥΧһƵĻƹƮȥеɾ
ǰȴӻƹие
һɺȻһֵۻʲе
˻֮ˣ
ʮףڴӶˣһʯ档һĴر˶ص˶ϡ
ӽӡҲ䵽ǶѾ뿪ˡ
߹ȥ
˵һʯңϷİ׹⣬̧ͷһһҹ飬ȭͷô
λӦҹ飬ԶԳƵزҶֻһţһŵλãһ͵ˡ
һӦڣûߡ
óһѽȥˢˢ£һҹ鵽֡Яֵˡ
ʱлῴһ׸ߵľٸӹŹ֣㵸ģƺ衣
ûȤǣߣʯһŮԵٸûҹ飬ңǱˣǱûС
еĻƹ⣬߲Ӱ졣
ţ俴߹ģҸȥ
һʮʯңŮ̺Ϸӵٸ
ػĹķ񲿺ֲɣ
ܿˣ俴һţ֮ǰĴȣһҪһЩ
û·ˣȻҪȥһ
ְŶҹƿ˴š
һİ洵˳
վſڣͷ·ˡ
һʲô
о˰ǻ֮ʦ
ʯŸµһȫˣ漴ͣ
ڰһƬǰȴоƺͷʨ濴һ㡣

һһյ
źнһһѵ
ʱ俴ľɫˣվĸٸΪһţվٸ
ʯ棬˵Ҳϰٸÿһ˻ѣٸһ¡
Ȼǧһɽ
죬ⴳˣ



208 ˻ʡ

˽ȥźһˡ
ʱٸʼˣ޴󣬺
ʵû뵽ػĹٸȻᶯ
һɱ
ǻرɣ
ŶˣǿˣǱ߿ŸţֻҪȥͿԳȥˡ
ӿռָóһѽһˣýޱȡ
ٸԽԽҲǣб棬첽ȥ
ٸףһȥ
Ľٸ
䣡
жһѴź׵ٸг˼顣
ϣ
֮ٸͱĽгɼˡ
һʮףȫվٸȥ֮Ϊ˲ٸӿٶȣǰ嵽ס
ֻɵֽԴ
һʱ󣬰嵽˺ǰ濴˿֣ڵһŵ
˵ЩٸǴ򲻹ģ˿
һ죬Ҳ̫ţˡ
룬֪ˣػĹǧķգγĿռ䡣
ռŵ˻֮ʹЩٸڻ˺ֿװ
ﲻܴȥˡ
æ򿪵ڶʯţ˽ȥ
źһˡ

ʯҵĻҲˡ
һվſʿ
һվƥóǹʿ
Ź˺Ƕ˹һ˹
أٸٶҪȸղŵĲٶҪĶࡣ
Žɱȥһ˴ڵˡ
ǣڳɱʱ򣬺Ѿ˹ˡ
ܿ창ͱǰлˡ
ʮг˺棬һ£һ־ŽһַŷУò׳ɱ˹ȥ
ǰҪţˡ
Ҫź棬ҲǾŵĻǻ˰
𽣣ʯڳһСš
һʻ꣬ʯͷһţһСˡ
ˣһ˽ȥˡ
һµĴ仹ڵ᲻־ţ᲻ҲǰĴɱ
ź˿
ãˣóһҹ飬ߡ
һһڵս
ûãûս
ĻأţһؾͿˣеıͶˡ
߹ȥ˿Щսսϵʿޱȣҹյʱ򣬶ܷ⡣
ʯȥ
ʯһСɹ˽ȥ
һԲεĶΧа˸ҹ飬䶯
ͻȻסˣԲм䣬һӣ￴ȥڿӵףһ
ڶɢҩζ
һҩĶ
Ҫʱһֱûһõ¯ڿ֪ˡ
Ȼ˾Ҫҹζˡ
ڶҹ֮䣬ȻǶҪˡ
ȥ
ͻȻӵ߳ļ֧æŤ
Щļ˶ʯϣС
ȥļǱˣӵļ޵ĻգԶ䲻ġ
Ť䵽˿ӵףһ׸ߵĶ۾¶ϲ֮ɫ
˶
ͻȻڿӵ׵ĽǱϣյƺ紵һ£ҡҡ
ƣ
оġ
ûͷЩڰ۾޴ء
ڰȴǿ
һȫһˣ֮ɢ˳
ӵͻȻ
żԽԽԶƺˡ
Ѻڶڿռָ
ıǲ١
֪᲻иõı
׷żȥ
Դӽ˿ӵ׺ûٸûлˡ
Щ֡
ʽװΣҪöࡣ
һһнǧףڴΧһӣˮ
ǣȴˮ
׵ˮ
ˮӣ
һ¡
˺ӣǰȥ
ĵϣиֵͼ
˴ľͷһͭĴųǰ
ڶ
ȥ󣬲ɴһ¡
ȫͭĶƺҶͭġ
м䣬һ޴ͭײģڹײĵĺ棬һ
һźɫ۵ˣϣ
ֻ۾KKһͭһûһ֡
ڹߣмСߣһ̵
ؿˣȻǻġ
Ц䣬깷ģ
̡ˡ
վ۾˵˼ﵹǺܻܹ
ܣ޵ĺˣʼһɿĺɫŨһɺȻ˻֮
ģ˻֮յġ
߾Ȼʼںһˣ
ֻһ˵زˣ
ңûǡ
⻰ʼʶһ£̧ͷ濴˿ͭҶɶҲûС
˽ˡʼ˵
Ļ֪ˣѾܹ֪ĹĶ
ԼղҲˡ
һʼϵ˻֮Ĺ涼С
Щɢġ
Ҳ˵ܹͨЩӦĹĶ
ѹ֮ǰȡʱϼв
ʼʵͷ䣬˵˻ᴳû뵽ᱻڹƽмСߣ׼𣿡
⻰˵꣬͸оռһ
ͺ񵯹Ҫǰһ㡣
ˣ
͵ģоԭͭʼʣӰˡ
źһ˲䣬͵Լǰ
еֱָͭüġ
˻ʰ治ãȻϲȱıͷʽ
˫һܣۺӿ˳ֻһ׹ǰ֡
ʼм䣬˺ڹͰ׹Ķײ
ȵ뼫ȵ䣬ʹĹҿռ䶼ˡ
˲ײ󣬰׹ɺڹļ
ʼ۾һڿе͵һˡ
˷ǳɣǰһӰһˡ
ֻգۼ䣬ʮ⣬Ӱʧ˾ʮˡ
˸ʮ׵Ŀռ䣬һڵϣһڰգһۡ
һ̣ʼֲˡ
оĹҵĿˡ
æ
ϢֻаϢʱ䣬һµʱ䶼ûУʼͻȻڰǰ档
һͭŰб˹
ͭ˻֮ҷǰƣ˵
ڲ˻֮ʼʵռ䣬һж˵㣬Ŀָӡ
̵ĿѰĶˣ·ְֻѰסͭ
ͭµٶȣ죬ҲȸղűͷһҪǿȴһ֪ºȴ㲻ĸо



209 թ

͵֣ץסͭ
˿˿ĵ绨ֱӵͭС
һֻ֣ðĻ⣬ȭʼʵŴȥ
ʼʱһ£һȭͷȻ۾ؿȭͷȴһ֪ұ߶һ¾Ͷȥȴ޴ĸо
䣡
ʵʵһȭ
ƺһ
ƺоΣգŨĺܵð˳
ͬʵʵγ˺ɫס
ȭͷϣȭͷûеγˣ͵һӵ˰ȭͷϡ
һȭʮ˻
ƺһˡ
ˣ
ײͭϡ
ͭŵܶȲãڴײһδӡ
δ˳ĨĨɢ˵ͷɶϣͲң
ʱ˲˺ʼʣһɫףġ
ƺʼǿӡ
ƺڵĹĽһһģеھֻҪһ£ͿԳ⣬͵һƴ
㣬ǿǿһ£˻Կáô£
˾š
ȤˡʼʾȻ԰Ц
ɲӡ
ʼһ䣺Ը𣿡
ȻԸ⣬˲󣬲ƣ˵Ҫ˭˭Ӯ˵ǲǣ¹˭ֻ֪أ
ߣһ
޴ûмһǿģ޳˯صǧ꣬Ѿ췭ظı仯˲ţզ޵ĵصءʣغ꣬Ѷ黹뿪
ʼʵĻһǰɣҪԼ뿪
һ˵˴塣
һ£Ҳˡ
˻Ҳα֮ͽ
ԼԸΪ̫ǿˣӮԼҲˣɱһǧ˰˰٣ɵ˲ɣ԰䲻ӲӲ
ʼҲǳͬĿǡ
һˣϵȥɣ
ڵص׺úôžˡ
ղſ˰ǻģͳԿˣټϰ𣬶УӮ˰ԼҲǿˣҪǴӮǾͺǺˡ
һʼʶû׬Ǿǲඡ
ǱϾ˻ʣеӡ
ͰѰ˵ʲô˲ţԼΪ˲˼˲ʧˣԴ󷽵طŰ뿪
ǹαġ
ϲ
ŲɵñؽҴʼʣ㰮ӾͰȥҰӡ
л£ˡͣ˹˻֣ҪС˳ȥ
ȵȣѶ²ߡʼʳ˵
һʲô
ҹ顣ʼѵ
ղҹ飬ڴа˿ţҪĺڶúڶûʱڣԿռָֻš
ʼ˵⻰֪˰ˣ
ǣ㲻ˣҪ񣬻͵زģ
˵£˵ʲôҶףʲôҹ飿
ţʼһŭ
㿴ϣвضɣͻȻһԴ˵һˣãȻǲͬһģһ
ʼʿ˿䣬ȷʵûвضĵطˣ֪ġ
ҹ鲻ȷһʼ֪ġ
޵Ķأʼʵ
תҲˡ
˵ô֪£ô˵ҪˣҪ뿪ǲǣ
ȫֹ
Ȼûзųֺӵʼʺ¡
ǿˣһʲô֪İ취˶ˣԼҪֻʹ㲻ˣвԼȴǲòһף
ã߰ɡϲҹ飬һҪǷ²ſߡʼغһ
Цˣ˻ʶթһթɹˡ
ãˣ˻֣Ҫ깷깷ء
ƿ˺ͭţ󷽷˳ȥ
ڸֵ͵ĴΧȥԼĴţΧţƺͨĵطмǿŵġ
ӰԷǶӦʱš
ͨţԿвٵıҪǶжð
ǰоһ˫۾Ϊ˲϶֥飬ֻĲȥá
˿ӵףȥڰ˿ŴҹҲҪˮˣǣֻ˻ʻڼţûá
֮ǰľŵ󶴵Ĵǰ俴
ɣԼڵĹأ
ѵ·ˣ
ܣԼһ·Ǽǵõģ԰仹еš
ǾǣлأԹ
Ҫȥطңǲܵġ
ôǣڸ
ڰҪֵʱһ̵ƿͺˡ
һʼʹȻڼ
᲻ģǿľţԼȥȺŹ
ղԼʼʱ£ôأ˻ʶԼԼµľô
׳һµŽȥ
Ÿ¸µؿˡ
ս
һУôϤǸղ߹İ
ǹȥˣ
벻ףǰ䷢֣߽Щսûж
ûжǲԼȺŹǺ¡
ܵ˾ͷûйĴţǰվ
ееȱ첲ȣеĻû۾
ƺԼղŴġ
ˣЩٸԼ޸
Ҳ˵ػʼռ䣬ǿ£һбƻĶ޸񹷶޸ˣЩ˵Ҳ޸ֻƻ̫ˣһʱû޸á
뷨һȻûйǲȴȱ첲ȵģʼٸĲݵٸһԡ
ҪȥͻȻԱһƺڴ򶷡
ˣղŴӦʼʣ⼸˸ȥ
ȥ
ƿһţһͬĶ
ĲǻģΧŹˡ
ǰһеĲɢˣصԭλá
ҽɽ־æ׷ɱٸŻ̸ˡ
亰ˣˣչؼң
⻰һüսÿҪѵ˲һ
ʱҲ֪ЩٸѾûйˡ⻹ûü֣ˣǶΪΪЩٸΪĳֶˡ
㣿ˡ
ϴΰţͷһ龰ֿ֣ɶݲ˺棬һصĸо
߹ȥվǰŸһʵĸо
ҡ
ô⣿׷ʵ
俴ţЦҺĵһʽףҵ鵤һŵԤȨػĹϢҽϢô᲻أ
⵹ǺܺõĽ˰ԭ򣬶һǸġ
־׷ʣղЩٸͣģ



210 ɽ

ʱҵĶûע⵽ɽɫܷḻ
ϴȥ͵Ϯ䣬ø㱼³
䶼û뵽ġ
԰䲻֪ɽʱɫжΡ
־һͷ˵ʵص׹ȥģҽ˺棬ѻظˣûˣֻҪǰõҹ黹ˣͿԸһ뿪ˡ
ţΪʲôҪõĶˣ־ֵ˵
ΪĶͻᴥĻᣬ벻
˵
⵹һ
ѵǽܵôٸĹΪ˶˻زɣ
Ȼû֤Ϊˡ
Ȼôû£ԴӺȴһֱš
ңЩٸ󣬿ճϵһ
ʹôҲ꣬ʹǽ˺սˡ
˳
һȭͷСҹ齻˰䡣
ӹûͷŵԱߵĵϡ
־˳һ
Ҳ˳ȥ
ɽ˳ȥ
Ŀš
ղʼ˵ˣš
Ҳһţȴֻһš
óˣһ䣬ûˣҳȥ
˵ȥ
Ļȴһ£ʲô˼
ſ˿ˣһ˿ͷ
û˵Ű˳ȥ
æں档
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ոƽٸٴܶˡ
ɽ־
⡭תͷˡ
־Ҳˡ
䣬۾͸ʡ
ӱӰﴫ޿ֱ߹ˡ
־һǰȥ
Ȼٸ߳˹ȥ
ʱоһˡ
ɽˡ
ٸǳȥġ
ų˹ȥɽѾٸٴսһˣźս
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źɽһ˳ȥ
˲˵棬ֻͷȮվ棬ǿ
֮󣬾һȥĴš
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ţ֮ǰʱǸţԱһȥ̨׵Сš
ͷȮѹǲҽ档
ɽգϡµ΢졣
õˣͻȻЦ
˵񣬾ҪõػĹΪ컻ĵĺͼԤס
Ǹˣȴûи˵ġ
ΪüöȻֻҹ飬Ҳ˼Сˣֽ˳ȥֳˡ
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ֻǻʵһˣϾĹꡣ
Ƕڰ䣬Ǻֵúܡ
ſţͷһ𣬰ֳݶһء
һǾˡ
ɽϴεӡ̫ˣڰرĺޡ
Լȥ͵Ϯû뵽ţͷһ𣬽ԼˣֳôЦ
Ȼ׹ꡣ
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ģȴǰ䣬ԣɽͰѳͷˡ
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־Ƕ԰ĺøһֱӣֱˣøˡ
ǰѰΪǻ׹ݡΪʼҷģⰽҲԼˡ
һĴҪθ컻һɽȥ
߳ȥԶͻȻɽһˡ
˻ͷһ
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᣿
ᣬ޵ĵط
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źɽ᰽ˣĻɴ۾ûɣ
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ǣɽʵȷʵۺÿһȥ˳Ϊһȼȼҽ弶͡
ʹÿһ߶رҪɽС
ȫ෴
ÿ˶ܽȥġ
ÿһֻʮ
ɸһ˻ʱһʣҪͨѡ
ɽıڶʮ
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ֶȥμӣһᱻѡϵġֶ֪ҪҪȥҪȥĻ˵־յģŻкܶչģ־ЦȻˣôõֺΪԼҲһܴȥŹţ¸ӷ㰡
Ȥȱȱ»ҪԼг̽Ҫ飬ԼͲȥˡ
رǵõһҩԼرҪȥҩɲȥѧЩĹ
лŵĺ⡣䱧ȭ
Ҫ˵ʲôʱ˵˵ڴȺիڽʱõ˻ʵ۵һҲȥġ
üͷһǸСŮҲȥ
лѣʮɽɫЩߵ˵
⵹־ЩʧˣԼ˵ô࣬һŮ˵



211 Ƥ

ֶǵõʱŵţ־ѾԶİ亰
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ſ˿־ˣ˵ˡ
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ػĹѵľǽ棬ڼ˰ȫˣûʲô飬־뿪Ҳûʲô
Ŷһͷ
־мرȭһȥ
ɽһϲ־ǰˣ뿪Ͳͻأˡ
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ſŶҲҪ뿪ţûµģҸҲ뿪ˡ
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ɽ뵽Լĺ֢ͺ޲ܳ˰䡣


212 ˫л

飡
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ǵʹɽˡ
ȴ绢ŸͷϵϽ䡣
Ȼ棬ǰȴ˫лƣ



213 ʤ

ʱϵ
Ūú󣬾ε
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죬һ׵ķԲڣڱԵʮ
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Сһ͵ˡ
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ϵ˶һģǾ˵



214 ල

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216 ˳Xҩ

Բ𣬶ԲţŪˣһúýѵҵĵŷ壡æǸ־Ǹ
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ӦĲ־ʶ㣬˵
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·ϣ𺣸߰ղųԿˣϺ˻Ҳô
˵һ䣺Ϻ˲ŸҪСġ



217 ɡ

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ֵϢҪȥ˯һˡðɡ𺣱俴еͷƤ飬˹ȥʵûʲô



218 ţǰ

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ôⲻǳ۸𣿡
Щ˵ܿ˽⵽㹻Ϣ
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219 

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220 ֪㣿

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⻰ǳԾˣ֪㣿



221 ع

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عתͷܣ



222 ֵܡ

ǺǡعЦˣǰӵõ𣿡
˵֮Ӱһ
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һӰɽǰ棬׺ƮƮֻǵԵ



225 ƭ

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תžĴ󽣺һѷɽײһ
ɽͺţӦսһ
֪һ䣬ʱȴǲתһתֻҪѴ󽣸նˡ
ҽһܵĳ
һѷɽײɣæ
󱳣·Ѿˣ
Ƕӵ飬ŭˣ𽣣ٴ
ɫһ
оӦعȣʵ̫Զˡ
ӦȴǱɽҪǿ
ҪЩûա
ʱعϹôУΪعҪ׽䣬һҪжٱ£ʹðıԽˣԽࡣ
عܳҲعĴ⡣
ӦȴǲһʱҪ֡
òС
ȻһӴ͸оĴϴ˾޴Ҫֵֵס
͵һˣʮڵϲסһĽӡˣͣ
Ӧ總֮֮
󽣴󿪴ϣɽǶ
ýһһ˵ˡ
涼͵һ
ҪӦӲӲǳԿġ
һκعܵľ飬ʱϸ˹
Ǹɽ׳һվ
ƿӦ֮󣬾ɽȥ
Ҳ֪ӱɽɱӦЦ׷
ɽЦӦһ
ͰһӴһ׵ļͷֱˡ
Ӿˡ
һֱɽм䣬סӦ顣
ӦĴ̫ˣȲˡ
Ϊ˲˵ɽһֱҶ
˲˲ãоӦѾɽȥˣԼҲȥ
˸ӣһȥ
ôõӦ飬ڿ׷Űӽˡ
ͻȻĴһӱСһ׹⣬ȥ
ӦһŴһá
תҪȥɽ
תһ룬ɽһҽС
ɽʱɽͷѾأҷɽɽû͸һɽؿڣ
ӣҪΪ㱨𣡡Ӧ鱩һת׷ȥ
ʱѾܳ˶⡣
Ӧɿ׷ȥ
ܳ⣬ͻȻãҵķɽҵĽƲˣ
תҪܻ
ӣƺķɽܵԶˣͿƲƵġ
Ӧһ
ͷб׷Ұʱ򲻵Ӧһߺ
Ӧ뵽ΪʲôܣԼȥ׷
ǲԼȥõһѷɽôѷɽԶ˺󣬾ʧˣʱȥãпܻᷢԭ˲Ը飬ǾǳΪ˵ķɽ
ӵĳ𣬺ͷɽջ£Ӧܿͷ˶ӵĳ
ҲΪӵĳԵȽõ
ǣͣס׷ɱˡ
Ϊ˲ð󽣣ȥ󽣷ڿУ䲻˾Ҫ롣
Ϻˡ
Ӧӵʬȥ
תɽȥ
ܿ죬ܳˣӦʬ壬ʮס
ͻȻɽٴζˡ
ɽʬ͵ر룬ŷɵ֮С
Ӧһɽķȥ
͵ת˰ڿٵɽȥɽ˰ǰ档
˷ɽɽٶȸ죬ȥ
Ӧ˴󣬾Լϵˣ
Ӧ
ϵˣ˶ӵĳˣ
ɽųٶȺܿ졣
Ƿɽٶȣɲֻŵٶ׷ϵġ
һͿŮ˵Ӱ
亰



226 ɽ

忴һѴϣһ
ǵһοɽ
Ѿһˣæס壬վȥ
ʱ򣬺ѾӦĺ
ҪһЩӦҪ׷ˡ
˷ɽ󣬰ķɽʼգ
һֱߵģɽ߷ȥ
ӦҪ׷һЩѡ
Ӧ׷ղϷɽĵط֪׷ˡվŭ
СɱĲΪˡҪѴȺիΪƽأ
ڰͣͷ±òԣãɱҾͲˣҪǸ˵Ǿ͹ȥˣ˵ߺߣȭͷҲǴšҶȺիҪСĵˡ
Ǵ򲻹㣬ҿɱκһԵˣҶȺիҾɱеӣ
Ų㣬Ҫô㣬ֻҪӴȺիΪһɵڴȺի㰡
ǣ
˵֮ʹ߶ɽԶȥˡ
Ӧƿ
ʱԱߵĲݴ߹ȥһһˡ
һΡ
ɽˡ
̫̫ϳϣңһţ̫γ˵
ڵϣѾɱˣֻ֮߳һˡ
Ӧһηŵϡ
ȥ
ɽȥ
һ룬ͻȻͣ
תɽŴվˡ
ӦһŭĪҵˣ
뵽ûٵˣ
ǲ֪еԭɽһ󾳵ĸ֡
Ӧһ
ͻȻǰһģһͻȻǰ
ɽŴһˡ
عһźںҹ֮Уֻܿ۾İʡ
㣬ǺˣӦʵ
عҽܵҿأһȥˡ
˵Ӱԭģ˾Ͳˡ
ӦоعϢѾɽĽȺˡ
æ׷ȥ
˵ĻһĵȻˣ
ǰδ˵ġ
عôôϤˣղŰ˵֡
عǾָˡ
ع
ٴһѵ˵ûдĺһܣ
һ뵽ܺܣôղ»֣ɱ˵ôˣɽڣҲĸϣ⵹ҲͲˡ
ܵɽմӴ˳
Ӧ˵ȻСӵַҪ׷˴Ⱥիǻ֪ˣû뵽׷ˣȻֳô
ʲôˣӦ˵ôϤŭʵ
عӦ鵭ؿһۣĿûбûӣƽǴһĸоӦǴۡ
Ҳ̫Ϊ˰ɣԼһ󾳵˲һ¡
ǣǲҲоعΪܾˡ
Ŀƣ֤Լ
ǰҴˣ׷£׷ع˵
ӦһȻԼûˣǳ˹ϵ
ع˵û뵽СˣڳôĶȻǲڹ磬Ӧð
ˣ
ӦסˣҪ˵ĻԼˣҪûˣǲǿ԰ѵֵøң
عĻӦһϲãҪԸģԼһ
飬㰮ץץȥ뿪ҵĵɡӦ˵
ع㵭ؿһۣ˵֪ҪԸ䡣Ҳ֪ʲôʱץ㻹İɡڶ԰˶֣˵ϻᵽĵʣµЩ˸ɱˡһɴͽΪϣϰġѾԪˣ˵𣿡
˵֮Ͳ˵ˣŲɽһ
ӰģܿͲˣ
Ӧ˴
ղвӦûһ¡
ع㿴ԼҪʲôȰˡ
һȰЧ͸ղŵвǲһġ
Ӧһ󾳵ĸ֣֮
֮ȴֻһĸǰĶ֡Ҫǵʱ򣬵Ե˶ɱˡôʣ󾳵ĸʲôã
˾
Ȼɱ֮𣬵Ӧ󾳣Լ־жǿ
ԥһ󣬾˾
ϣӽǵԵšӦԻڵϵ˵
һû뵽ԼΪ߳ϣĺ¸Լ
ڵԵĴƺֻԼܵˡӦ鲻뵱ŵ¡
⣬𣬵ԹرɽţʮڲõӦٴһ
ٴγԾˡ
Ӧ鲢ûи͡
˵֮󣬾תɽˡ
еԱߵ⣬ȥˣ
䲻֪ع£ܵ˵ȥԼ˵˵Ļһ飬ɹ˵Ӧرɽţʮڲɽ顣
Ůһ·ͥȥ
ŮˣٶҪһЩ
Ҳڿ֮ʱص˶ͥ˴ȺիԺ
ʦǻˣƵѸ˵Χ˹
̫ˣ
ʦã๫ķɽɺ棿˿ŷɽģ
Ȼһı仰ϻǺһ¡
ɫ΢ߵؿ˰һۣתͷȥװӡ
ǰ顣
֪˰һס˵ԣȳˣǰл
֣ȻȳˣǺɱɽ͵Եϣţ߸˵Ϲ֣󾳵Ӧ顣һġҪˣܵˣȴȲǣԣǵûһطٴˡ
俴һ¶ɫŮ۾Ĳᣬû˵
뿪Ȼвᡣ
ãͿԼˡ
ú壬ߵһˡǻǵһ˵󾳵Ϲ֣Ҫֻ˭ҲܲˡҪ뿪ȴ᲻á
СãҲΧһ˵˵ţͿˡ
ͷôˣڰ
ǺһЦڹͷһ£˵ӳҵˣȻ棬ⲻǳҵ𣿡
ͣЦ˳
ܿסˡ
ʦ˵Ǻ˴򶷲Ūġ
һ֣ǣһˣ򲻹ûˡҲöȻҪץˡ
𣿡׷ʵ
ʣţͷûУ
ͷ
ǸҪץҵˣع
ɴ۾š
ţͷѾǺˣû벻Ծ侹Ȼ˸
Ҫô죿Ϲŵġ



227 

¡ܹ˵ϼһ̫ˣڴӮֻܶˡ
ʱһСʦ˵ˣµ˵Ϣ
һæʣʲôϢ
Ⱥի飬û֪ô˵Ϣء
˵ˣȺիڵĵǳܣ֪
ҵˣ򵥡
ˣðоһ˿õĸо
ǲǵȥСʦʵ˵
Ȼ󣿡
СʦøҪ죬ͻȻ죡
һȣСʦò˵ˡ
俴һۣ˵ǲǰҵϢȥˣ
תĵطȥ
΢΢ΣСãĿⶼؿá
ƺ壬оյĹŹ֣ʵôˣ
ʱ˫ֺʮǸ˵ʩʵΣȥ壬ȴȥԵϢ˵˱֪·ûǿ
۾תתʵǲһ棬һɫǺڵģ
ףô֪СʦһĨ档
ͻȻתָŰ䣬˵ǿǿģ˵ģҿǸ˸ǿҪҸǣͱǿɱˣ
⻰֪ðϢˡ
õĻڰֵǸ⡣
ǰ棬ȵϣȥʦ磬˵٣Ҫõ˸׷ˣǰлô죬ǻص𣿡
Ҫǲ˵ҾˣܼõҪǴȺիҪ÷ʵ
ûкŮ˳ܵİá
ü룬˱عɡ
Ϊʲô֪ȺիΪʲôҵ벻ͨ
֪һ㲷ʱ򣬾ĿĵؾԺܺ˸طˣ˺úȺիˡ
ǰ֪عȥ˵ԣԼѾ뿪ˣһ׷
ˣӦʱ׷Ⱥի󾳵ĸ֣Ǵ򲻹뿪عҲңҲǾûУǻûоҴˣȵ
һŮ˶ˡ
ǲع㣬ǵԵ̫ϳӦǻŭڴȺիϣҾֻˡ
ǴȺիţҪľͷϡ
ںɽֻӦĴǸƸ𾪵ˡ
ȻܳȥͻˣûпӦĴ򶷣Ҳ֪û˵٣ӦΪȷʵǸߵþˡ
ԴȺիֻܰ·ˡ
ǣҪһ԰ɵĵطȴǺѡ
䣬ǵȻҪᣬֻͻȻҪѴȺիߣҪᵽȥأΪѵ˵
Ƶ˵ͷ˵ǰһֱڶͥĵϣҪһĵطûа
ҵ̩̾ɽϣ̩ɽطţҪǰȥˣ໥иӦ
ȥ̩ɽһ˵ЩĶ
Ǽһ£
԰˵ãȥ̩ɽ
ǿʼʰ
ֻʱõĻҪĶͿˣҪ죬Ҫ˸׷ˡǡ
ýһóʮҩģЩǴȺիĶۡ
ķɽȻǴ˴Ⱥիʮˡ
ƺȺͰ䵽̩ɽȥҵʺǰõĵط׼ҴϹȥ尲ŵ
ͻƵͷӦ
ɽͻ˸Ű˷ɽգ̩ɽķȥ
˶Ľؿŷɽ֪ʲôΪ;磬÷ɽ
ˣͽǿʰƵѳȥ׼Ǿ뿪Űš
Ƶ˳ȥ
ûһæ˽ˣʦϣˣˣ
ɫһ䣬ɴ󾪡
ǻû׼ã˾ˣⲻûû·
ǻûüԲߣعѾǵԺſڣСҳ
æضԺſڡ
ʱع˽
ϵƺѾҪˣʱٰ·Ƥȥľ̿һڡ
ع˽ɨˣС
أع㵭ʵ
ʱƷ˳
ˣûһվţȫϡ
Ҳ⣬ʱ֪عǸµֻһƣͿȫ˶ѹˡ
عĿ⣬һһɨӣ䵽˭ϣ˭͸оѹ
ҪҵӰǻˣӦ׷ǰңôҲﲻԶ˵ع
˶˵ᳵ·ذĿ䵽˴ȺիĶϡ
ñһ˶æ˵˵ˣ̩ɽȥˣ
Ҫ
졭
ʹͬʱҲûֹϵĳ
˶áعʡ
˵ո뿪
ո뿪û֡СӵķǺܶģعһЦ
Ҫ˵ɽߵģعһ仰û˵ˡ
عЦСǸšҪңܵø񡣡
һ̣ͻȻָŶһ㡣
ۣ
϶ͷϳһѪ
۾һ彩Ӳ󵹡
ˣ
СǼ
عתӱӰ߰䣬һȥġ
˵֮ܿʧˡ
ʹ϶˴
Ƕˣعɱ˶ϣҪһ
ȻǶһζ˰䣬عȻǸˣɱҲֺ˰䡣
ҲԽ̰Խ׵
ϣ忴ϡ
ϰһ֣˵ţһе顣
һͷ˵ʰһ㣬ƵˣѶϲݲˡҪ뿪
عӰڣǵĶòӿ
ܿ죬ʰõܵСͷϣʼ뿪˶ͥ򰶱߶ȥ
Ůˣһʱ䣬ڵ̩ɽ
˷ɽͲȥɽˡ
ͽǿһѷɽ˰䣬ϲ
ɣǽһ漣
Ƕ
󣬰ͽɢȥ
ҪͷֹÿŪͽĤݵǶ̵ݣͻࡣҵõ֮ҲһЩҵĵõͽаڣҵľܺÿһͽ
ͷ֮õԽ࣬ľԽǿ
ǿˣͿԷɢͬʱ顣˵ͬʱͰͽһ
ͺͺϷһ㣬һǿķͬʱߡ



228 ɽ

һκţͷһܣʶµͽǴһ۽硣
󷨣Щ
Ѿ̵һۡ
ͷʾΪһۣͽǵĳ֮һֱţṩ˲١
ڰָôһѷɽٴͽǵĺ䶯
ҪɽͷɲӦ
ôҲһ㣬ͽǹһ񫣬ͷҲӲ١
䲻Щˡ
ԼͲߵû뵽ͷҪߵ
θ˻Ҫͷİˣͷǿ׳ܵĺôҲ͸ࡣ
ûоܾͷ
ͽɢΪûϷˡ
ȴû뵽һӣŰһĴ󽣣
ۣͽǶ
ָŽջȥɽҲŰĶɶ
ͽǴӰĶ濴ˣǰڿţָֱ̫ˣ
ڰɽʱͷЦȻˣͽǵԽԽˡ
ƺҪˬ߳ˣ
һʱ䣬ѽ
Ȼͬͷ⣬ǰɲˣģһֱûû˵ˣȥ
˽󣬾ʹȥ
ͽǶǣؿŰ䡣
ͷԴ˲ûв˵˵̫ˣһΣͽȻ񫣬ǲ񫣬ʹǵӵĳݣͷߡ
䲻ͷ˵
עϣǰŮ۾Ʋ
ϵ֮
ϣȻͬʱֲų⡣
Ҵʱ磬ΪҲﵽˣΪ൱Ŀ졣
ʲôɣ
俪ʵһֱ
һ£ǵðΪ˺˫ޡ
һ뵽
ովǣ뷢Ҳ
סƣ˵ȥһɰõص㣡
ƿ˿䣬ٿ˿磬֪֮ʲôҲÿڣֻøһ뿪
俴ıӰǰ
ҲȥԼҪ
ҪعˣܵûС
ҹʼ
ʱͷѾߵ׸ߡ
ڷǳĴǰһǧ׿ɽסˡ
ÿ죬̩ɽһƬǴӰ֮С
ڴͷ˵ƺˣ
ǰһ̬ƴŽ𵤣˳ģ˵˳
ͷһ㶣˵һֱΪ޵еġڿҲΣյģҪΪˣȻʱҪˣ
죬ͷ˵
ͷʱǻǺŰ䡣
ϵ롣
˰˳ž˵֮С
ԽԽ࣬ȪһһĽ𵤡
ʱ֮档
ͻƻˣǳѡһط
ǸոǸطһΰ÷ӣͱһȺ˸Χסˡ
˵˰ͬﻮһشȺիɣȺеʮϳ
˲һشкǽţʮ˵Ҫɿԣǲطǿǳʥصıؾ֮·
Ҫһɣôʥصǳ壬ߴǳ嵽ʥأᱻһ˷Ѳʱ䣬ߺܶ·
ΪһɣҪطڰ˴֮ĵطء
Ҫʥ˴м仮һأǾԲеġ
Ϊ̵Ļ񸸣ȻҪЩ档
ͻ˲ŭˡ
ǽͬˣһ񸸾Ȼҷԡ
ҲʮۣҰ䡣
ϴ峤ʵ
ϴ峤ҡͷϷ֪
ʱţƵ˹˵ҿܵϴˡ
תͷһŮվ棬ɴһ¡
һӥӼ⣬ŮˣһͷĽ𷢣ҫۡ
ûκΪҲû̩ɽϵͽо
һûΪˣȴһֺǿĸо
ô£
翴ʱ򣬾Ͷһֵ⡣
Ůֱ
ţı۵һ˿⣬ҲԿҲͬе⡣
ŮĿײһ𣬿ƺлһ㡣
ߡһͲٺϾ
һûеĸо
֪ΪʲôǾһûƺԼһȣʲôƵġ
ţҲͬǸоûеĹϵҪȷĶࡣ
ߵ£溰䣬
ˣһԼô죬䶼ûг֣ǶοӰϡ
ֻҲϡ
ôߣ䵱Ȼ
ͷõѻ˰䡣
ȥɣҪˡͷһЦһϲŶ
ʲôϲֵʡ
ϣеˬͷӣɸơ
ͷû˵ֻüɽ
䵽ʱ죬վ
ʮͷվں档
ôˣ˵
ʱһ𷢱۵Ůˣһ·ͦúܴ󣬴˹ȥ
һ£˭
ʲôʱ̩ɽһŮˣ
ңƺòǳ
һһӰһƮ
˭Ծʵ
ʮϴ峤ķӦƺŮ˳ûоȡ
Ů˳Ǻ顣
ʮϴ峤̧ͷ԰˵£ţ²Ǹţͷ
ٴεɴ۾ɣţͷȻòŮˣ
ôͷˣԾʡ
ţĵطվţõ˵л۾ҲڿŰĴ㵱֡ǲǲشĻ
ϴ峤˵뿪죬Լġ
ԭϴ峤Ȼǲ֪ˡ
վÿ亰
ʱţŤС˹
ǹģһǹģ۾һУɺˣǰ˫Σȴһֱͷһ
Ȼģ󲨣ϸԲΣȴ֪ʲôġ
ڿˣû뵽һŮ
֪ǰˡ
Ȼòв
¡ţ˹԰һ
Ҫ˵緢ˣ䣬ǰģô˵ˣ
ϣתͷ˵һһҵطҵô
˵ҵĵطܻáǴӦǵģô·ˣָʮ˵
һʮ
ʮæҪһ˰˴ʥصм䣬ʹ̵İȫֺܶġ
ǻ񸸣ȻҪ̵֤İȫҪֹ顣



229 ҹ

ҵĴȺիŲ飬ǵҪǵȻóɣͲɣ練
תͷ䣬˵Ӧҵģ˵ѡһضԵģ
ǰ䣬ȻҡǸղſǵطӸߵأһõطȺիʺϲˡƱʾ
ѹѹǣ˵ǵĻûд磬²ܹʮ
˵ͬǵҪأͬǡ
ɫһɡ
ʮ죬Ҫԡ
Ǳˡ
˵һѡˡѡطʡ
⻰һʮһ
ǽͣڣΪģܲ°˸塣ͽӣǻмĵطܶĽҲ˵ЩطԽռԽ١ռȥһطҲ¡ǡ
һ£˵
ǴȺիҪʱֻŪʮ㹻סͿ𣬻ҪŪôӴͥϵĹȺһ
ͻƶһ
ڴȺիʱҪһЩ룬˵ҪܽøϵĹһǵȻˡ
һĽʾһɵ
ǸյֻʱֻܽСסЩʱǶãֻûʮŪġǵͽѾﵽ˰ˣȥͽԽԽ࣬ǵչǵÿ죬ʱطȱͽǸռˣֻܼط̫СʱǷ𣿡
һָǱߣطأҪߵصģҿȥǰɽƽˣһߣʱһҵʺϵĵطġ
룬ͷ˵ãٿ
Ҳʶص˵ͷ
漴һѣ԰˵ǴӦȰ˵ǣǷһƬء
ǣ֪Ǳˣȴ˵ԵĻ
ҧҧһתˡ
Ҫչʲô飬Լϴ峤˵
ǣ¡ϴ峤Ӧһ
վɽϣϡ
ʥͽذ˶˯ˡ
ҹֻһɽ
󣬷ɽţ˯Сͣ
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233 չء

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234 ̽

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ڵѾɽˣǾͲȥǡ
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235 ˡ

˵ɽѡΣҪʼˣתһ⣬˵
̧ͷţ֪ɽһжϣ˵ΪԭԲжϵġ㲻ôֿʼˣ
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ɿС죬Ƶϡ



236 ˡ

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ߣû÷ɽΪ·϶˽һ
·ƽȻǲ٣˶˳־ˣ˭ǿӡһַ



237 еĺͯ

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ĥʯԱߣվһĴ帾棬һʯͷСŮ
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סһֻõ֣һ֪ļ˻Ǻصģмˡ
ȥҿһߣһ߶ԺĿ˵ʬ壬ŻˣˣѲׯϵϵġ
ѾһЩʬ帯õúˡ
ҪѾǶ죬ֻ²ʹˣ
ٶڰܾηæͷ



238 

˳̼֮Уĸϴŵǣ侹ȻͶһˣһ֮Ͼϲӭ
䣬û뵽˰Ű֣˵ˣҪСİ
ﲻصģһᱣԼġЦ˵
ͳĸк󣬾ͶԳҧ˵ѲҸ㿴һ
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ֻһ
ֻһ֮û
Ϊ̼ܵ˵صչˣԵڶ֮
ֻǱҧˡ
ԿֱоζþƾġֱȻ׵
俴˿ף˵˹ͷ
ҧӲ˾Ȼв
䰡ҽҪҧκˣȻʱ̼ҵ⣬ҧˣױռˣκܲǣĸĵ˵
ﲻصģھֳӿռָóһƿӣһѪ衣
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ɫһһ죬⻹ûʲôζȫ˶
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ĸԾؿʱע⵽˳ҧֱۣҧϵļףСЩ׵ĵطʧˣ
ȻûлҧֱѾˣһǸѪյҧֱۿȥһ˰̶ûУûܹһ
ҧʱͷ˿ֱۣ𾪡
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ܵҩȻҩҧ˵˵
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Ϊǳҧ˷ҩԲʵġ
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һԱţǰһֲĵȫѪ⣬ڳҧʱӦڻҩŻ¶˿
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Աٺһڡ
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þƾβѾǸжˣھȻóҩǳԣ
Щ󺺵۾ᣡ
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Ǽ۸СĶͽǶֳ
γͽǿ̷
䰲źº󣬾Ҫǰɽ
磬ҸһȥʶڼһˣþûˣԪСβϸϡ
ţڰ˵Ҳûɽˣ֪ʲôģҲҪȥ
ǣһ·ˡ
ʱѾˣɽıҪʼˣȥˡ
԰ó˷ɽһɽȥ
ԪԵһɽ˷ܵڰдؼС
ˣ̧ͷŷɽˣǶعĤݡ
ϣ˾䵽ɽϡ
ʱɽ֣ɽѾɽϣҪѡѡɽ֮С
ոͣͻȻоһɵ⡣
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һӲȭͷ˰ǰ
Ŀһƶһ˿Ӳȭͷڰıǰͣ
Ҫٽһȴϼѣ
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ʱҲǿ˰òˣϵ⣬֮ȴŮûеġ
ڰҲǳĳԾ
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239

ǰҲ峯ټģﵽһҡ
ΪԼƶԺȴû뵽һߵˡ
оȭͷһҪươ
˵˼һ˲֮ġ
ʱԪԿ͵Ϯ꣬Ӧ˹˸͵ϮҴ磬Ҵ򣡡
˵һʱѾһģȭͷȥ
Ա߸һˣǸˣȭͷȭͷϷ⣬һԪײһ
ԪڽӴ˲䣬
˺롣
ȭͷ쵽˱󣬳ԾؿԪԡ
굥ڵȻ˸ƽ֣һ룬ʵˡ
ô˵ҲΪ
俴ԪԳ˿һ
걻һ𣬺˸ֹͣ˺ˡ
Ǻˣҹɽˣʵ
俴һԪԣû˾ͺá
ؿһۣ˵ʦôôۣ˵һΣȻڶΣ
ΪʦŵģЦһ
ʦŵģǲǶ˲ɣԪ˵
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ʲôҹҹģμӱģѵﻹɣԪ۾ؿˣղŴһȭ˰벽ǳ
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ס֣˵ȹߣϰʦŵĵӣǺûģҪСĵ㡣
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ԯüͷˡ
Ҳˡ
˵ĶԻǺˡ
Ұ֣Ȼûⲻ˵˵Ĺϵõһĳ̶
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Ϊԯ°Ͷеˡ
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ǣҲǣǲ֪δŵģδܵԱģŻƵõԹرɽţ˵ʮ겻õӳɽ
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⻰һֱŵɫˡ
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240 ָ̡

ǣ
Ųţۿ˰ţͷһġ
˭ţͷһˣ
ֻаһģ˭ţ
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ɫһףţͷ棬Ϊ
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ܺ͹ϡִƽ̩֡ɽܽŵƣӮǡ
Ȼ˵ŻǶ԰Ϊʵоֲ
ȷʵҺ˵ţͷȥ̩ɽϵˡȴû뵽Ǹ㡣Ǹ˵
ɲܴţͷǿΪУôһǿĵˡ
뵽䲻ˣô˵û˰æ
һ˶ԣ죬˵
ͷǵġ
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˵˵ԯ˳ͻɽΪǺܸߣСС䶼ѾǿúܣҪСģҪ嶯ˡ˵ɽһҪϵΪߡʲôҪĵطұ
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ԭΪԼûϣģͻȻ˿ճֻҪŬһ㣬ͿԼĩ೵ˣǶó˾Ҫĩ೵
ı峡ѾˣһʧȥԿǶš
ֵܿ˰䡣
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ոպһָһ

Ľٴαˡ
ΪĽһ׽Ѿγһƣɵǰ仹Ǻɵһ͵ˡ
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б㡣
ܿ췢˰䲻ظӵĽУ룬ܿ;ԼҲܰѰи
һ׽ʹ֮˵
ĽĪس֣Īʧ
˵һһ
̨Ӯˡ
Цˡ
ûжŵĵ֣һϽǰԸԭźš
ſԷˣ䲻ˡ
ýǺýվ԰
ˣߺȵ˾ĽѵûԸսһ𣿡
ʤ߶ûеõߺս˰ȴôˡ
˶õЩɵû
ЦŶԻƸ˵ƻǲ֪˵ãǰһ⣬á
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ǰ׳գȻҪ
һû뵽һ£ԼƵǰ̨
ΪˣȥȻսһ԰Ľһ
˵ǰȥ



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΢΢˵ʩϵˣ
ҾͲˣ˵
Ϳˬˣ̫ԲһֱҲᡣû뵽Լ³ˡ
ڳһʽ˫üǰ棬͸пǰİ䡣
վһ̣һѽǱϷһϡ
ٽָͷ΢΢һ࣬˳Ž⣬
һƣһơ
ŲǰһȣŽǰһɨһӱ˽
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ҲľһߺˣһýС
ŽԼģȻ֪·ܿһ°ĽС
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245 ʦС

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ڶ죬һģԯ磬һ߿ȰӣγԴѡѡ֮⣬Ҳһλᡣ
Դˣʮ꣬ҪһΣԿһ±仯ز죬֪ܴܲҵһߡ
ЩΪѣȻԽԴæģһȥǲϰߡ
ӲԸĻǾˣһվҪǴȺիһ˵ǴȺիԴҲһԨԵԵңҿ˴ȺիһԯͻȻ˵
һû˵ȺիԴԨԵġʦû˵
ʵʲôԵԨôҴû˵
ŶҵܣʵǺһйϵǼɣǵ϶ѡﲻ˵ԯҡͷܾ
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ԵԨҲһ˼֮С
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˵˵һɣϺǴһɵʦСǹǵʦУȴһֱûǵӰӣѵԴйϵģʦеɣ
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شӦõģôæǰСæӦõģ
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Ӧһϲԯ˵ҲҪΪȺիˡ
ţҪû˰䣬Ӧ鵱ȻҪѴȺիŮȫץ
ԯ˵ȺիһŮӣĺ¯ѾźôȥҼвΪ飬ǵ顣ȺիʦдһԴԴ١˵Ҫ棬ȺիǲµӣҪǣֻҲöã



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ĹԼģԴй֮ԼϿǰŲŲˣҺͰ乵ͨ飬飬Ҳܣķˮж٣붼ˮģ
һԯ뵽Ժ޵ġ
һӣͻȻһ¡
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ҪҪ̸⣬ǰʮ춼ˣôǵʱó
ȥԴֻҲó
ղһŮˡ
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ΪӦǴСģôܿǴ֮壬׸ֶΣΪ˵õ¯
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԰ΪʵԼһʽؽԴμӱˡ
Ϊλϵ˽ҪԴΪ˿Լ¯Ҳһμˡ
ǰԼصİ취Ҫ¯˲ժȡԯϷ˺ͰͬϢ԰ڶǷ״̬ҪҪ
ڰܸһԴǾͲܿ¯ҪǷ󱻱˳ˣǾͿˡ
ԴֻҲܿʡ
ôҪԴˡ
óǣһһ󾳵ĸ֡
ҪԴ⣬¯ô
һ¯𣿲ܡ
⣬һ㣬ˡ
ԯɫ˱䣬Ůʱá
ԯҲûͷŹˣ㣬˵˲Ҳ˵



247 ǡ

ڶ賿Ƶ̩ɽ
ȥʮǡ
Ƕڴϣɫ԰ף˲ˡ
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Ⱥšɶ衷ǰ˾֪гȥ˵ڻңǻ޷˵ǰ壬ƺǳ
صĳűײüΣĳǽҲʱʱ˳ȥȻܿ챻ɱǺֻ߲Ҫȥγ˴ƣǾҪʧˡ
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248

˾ȥ
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סͽͨˮЩ飬ͽȥ
æ԰Ȩ·ţһЩ֣һЩˣǵСͷǸȥ
̩ɽϵһЩԭİɽģǵﵽһ̶ȣԻصɽ°ȫģͷɽȥ
Ϊȷһ涨ÿ¶Ҫ̩ɽһΡ
̩ɽϱס˿ˣͿˡ
һ棬ͷŵɽԶĵطȥȥȾˣǲ̩ɽΪṩ֮
һͲɽˡ
źһ֮󣬰˷ɽȥ
һ·һ֮⣬Ҫֱȥެ



249 һ·

ûý߹Ͳ֪ж
ڷɽ֮ϣһ·ľɫɿˡ
ǧŻһǳأɼŴع١
ΪǸެˣٶȣһһҹȻûҵެˡ
طô롣
ңֱǰެһӰ䴩Խʱѩɽҵһ
ެãǿެ̩ɽôҪǿˡ
֮󣬷ɽٶȫٶȱȺĿͻҪ죬һС
һ֮ǰɽ͸ԭ
ڰУҰεı仯ø
ϵĳǳҲԽԽ٣ò׿һǣҲǴڵεƽ̹
ǳİȴ࣬׵ľǵҪȺ
ɣһƬװ䵶ˣŴĺԾսյؾۼȥ
ķɽͣ
ˣǵķװҲ峯ľӡ
ǰĳǳأ峯ģôǻ㼯ڴˣˣԭެˡ
ոڶʧܣµȫ֮׼ڶζ
βʱެʳƲӵʱǾͿʼ˼ܽԭһ
ެЧʺܿ죬ûþͻ㼯ಽʼǰ峯ǳضȥ
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ܿԽ˲˾룬˳ǽϻľɱ
Ĳıƴǰ
ڲսλú󣬾ȥ
ݵˣݹϳǽެʿ䵶ϳȥʯ빭ҪǮ䣬һެʿ˵⣬
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ʱͻȻֵİ䣬һ£󣬾;䵶俳ȥ
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ȭͷƹûжԭģǱ׵ģû˵һ˻
ⶼܵ峯ĽȥˣΪ֣ȴԭѧûһ׼ǿò񣬵ԭؽ磬ô٣
ѵǿߴз벻ɣ
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ĽʿɫؿŰӰԽԽԶ
˵ֽа䡭
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ɽǣأ
˷룬Ͱ˸ˣؽûѶˡ
˶ǴĶӻ峤ǰʥɽ֮ϣһʥŮָʼѧϰʥ֮
Ǿͽһԭָ⣬ʥּ⣬ʥŮּ⣬ǺϷģ
ԭǵʥŮ滹иʥ
ǣʥɽǵʥжˣʥŮʥжǶû˵ǺŰҰǣܵʥŮƲã
ǲʥôʥŮ涯䣿һ䡣
˵һ䣺ˣҪ֪ެʥɽӦú׵ģǵĵطһʣôĵطӦúܶ˶֪ڱ߳ެ˵ǵʥŮ
ǻʥ𣿡
⻹ǵһ˵˵ĻʥŮ
һ˵ȥެһ֪ˡ
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һ·ϼ˵ҵȻԸ⣬ҵȻԸ⣡
룬˷ɽȥ
ެԭϣ˿ڸӵ١
ެϺѿһǳأǶԲʽڣסûгǽĸ
ǧʱѿһȺ
ެԭѩɽܶ࣬һԭѩɽȥһҲ䡣



250 

˰죬СͻȻɫ١
䷢쳣æʵôˣ
ңң֪ͷΡ³ѵ˵Щű߳ǵˣެӸˣҲ׷ǵĵط˵ˮެ˵ǵڱǣ˭ҪǸҴǵĵطͻܵĳͷҡ
ָѪҺǳ궯ܿ˹ǸԭӦ
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ٴ죬ҲûгָԭӦˡ
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ĸ򣿡Ժ³˵˻
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ܿ죬˶ΧǸʻˡ
˰ѻ˵˶񿴰׳һգʸ·Ҫȴ
еİ䣬ڻǰļ䣬ʱӦ򣬿ͬһطˡ
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һ֮ڿǰѩɽ
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ʱ˼һ飬ôû˿أ
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Ůɴ۾ںĴ۾ڰɨ˵ǣ
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˶ֵĿ˵һ
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ʱ仹ǰһ׹ĵ£һըˡ
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ٴο뵽ȻҲԽˣҴԽĵطǺһطѩɽϡ
ѴԽǰ˾飬˵˳۾ԽԽӨᶼ˳ˡ
漸䵶ެˣһһæܵǰ汣
ƿǣ˹



251 ʥ

˽Ļʱ򣬰ЦˣҵͬܰҲǹµģҲ˵һ˵ִ˶ûˡ
Ļ
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ţһҹȥһҵķЦˡ
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Ű˵˳˹
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֣ص˵λʥ
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ЦЦֵˣҪˣȥ
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ðʣԼ񵹶һ߰ˡ
׹ĵʱ򣬰䵱ʱǱġ
գһںоΧıըûˣǰ׮̴де
ʱʬ廹ŻѾպˣʬ廳ر䱧ţǰ屣ûڱըˡ
Ű֣Ļŵġ
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̩ɽϣͷĿƣңźöӽ밽һ
ﲻǣؽ밽塣
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쳣󣬲ûע⣬Ǳҧһ£ӷӾͿˣȻĺ֣
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䣡һ״



252 ʥŮ֮

״޾ѹ
ެǶŵƨڵϣˡ֮
̧ͷؿһףվŵؾ֣ƺҪסһ㣡
򿴵һ漴εطġ
վڰߣûкһ
ˣһӣ̵ĵ档
Цѡѧϰ׵ȵľһ죡
ϵΪʱ׵
ϱӣͳЩ׵Ĳٿ
ѡ׵Ҫ׶Ÿɵġ
ײҪͷҾͰΪã콱ҵģ
ʱ󣬷ǳǿңߴֱӰף죬裬
һ꣬غһո𵤶úܣ׵תССزһ㣡
ϵɢȥˡ
һ͸Ʒ죬յ˰ϣԽɢԽ죬Ӱطյ˵ϣܿ죬ѩɽָֻ˹

ǵȻǶʲô俴ЩެǣʱȻǳԼݣߴﹾ³˵۸Լﰡ
һЦ˵ʥˣĤأ
⻹࣡
ѩɽϣ죬׼̩ɽȥˡ
ȡһƬҶҪȥͷһ
ǷҪȥһҲȻˣԸ˼ެӶʱͺ³˰ķɽ򶫶ȥ
ֱĿĵأķɽٶȷʱ䣬͵ެ峯ı߾
û뵽ôɣڴսˣǰ棬峯ܡ
䵽ȻҪ³ȥ
ǽҪΣˣ³Ծ˵
ŲĽֱ䵽˳ǽϣ³ȥ
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˵ˣ˵ˣǿԴެˣ
ϵĺܴڱܻ˲䶷־ֱ
Ϊ˻ˣһǣެǱ˵ڱ׷ɱȻ͵תǿެӭս
ɰެˣǳԴҩ˰ɣ
ȻäĿģսǺֲܿġ
ܿսһ
³Ϸɽˡ
ǽϵʿһ
ũޣ
âɣ

򾪺һһг֡
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죬촽˺һɤӵѼӷɳƵʥʥŮ
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崿СֲĿɰӸڷŭȡ
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ܲ͸оƤµĺ챻ץһ£ڿշ
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ҪץҪԼެ˵
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׼ҪߣȴǲС溰棬ѾһСƬެſڵϣͶأĤ



253 ս¡

ԽԽެʿſ˵ϣͶ
һб˿ռ𵶣һެʿ
ˣͣ峯ʿٲ˻سȥҾެʿվ
ģɫǵúģɷǿɰ
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ĻȾãȥˡ
ˣެʿ
һʱ䣬ſڷɽϵũС˵һ
ˣתͷ˵ũޣũޱҳ˵һ󣬿ʼС˵˼䣬֮Խ˵Խ࣬˳
ũ޴ͷʦâɺ͸Ҳʼһǻ
濿ýʿҲ˵
ʼʱ˵ֱ׳˵˳ˣʱȻؾȻ
̧ţ˵ֱ׳ֱӸȥ
ĨĨᣬ캰˼ȻҲƵĶ԰˵ߡ
·ɽһȥˡ
˺һӣűˡ
ղź˵ʲôʵ
ӣ˵ÿһެĲҪԭսʿǻˡΪެ˶ʱ򣬶ȱʳŮ˺ͺӶֻܹԭԭӹŵԺ󣬶Ǹԣأǡ
תũǵĵʱ򣬺Ļ˵ȥˡ
ũǵĻΪԷУԲſ
ĵ¹ٸƶǲԵģΪ˸Ȼ
ǣҵĻ˵һȣԵ̫ˣ˵ֳˡ
ڶӵǰٴĵ˵ǲ԰׵ġ
ǲԣȴǶԼĴеûġڸʱſԽġ
䲻ҲȰ
峯ҲãެҲãǺлˣûжԺʹ˵
ŷɽ򶫶ȥ
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ģ߰׸ߵߣ죬ǵأʵ̫ΰˣ
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俴˿̩ɽ˶ϴ峤ԼĻˡ
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ͷĽѾڸղŵʱʼˣެ֮У飬ȫͷ
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֮ļһϾ;ˣҲͷʬһԡ
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ھȥȡ
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໢Ȼ½ߣʱڣҪһڡ
һжãصߣӣƺͷѾˣ֪ͷһڡ
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˽𵤶㣬ڿ˺ܶ࣬Ҫո
˺ҹ˯ȻʾԼҪȥ飬˵ŷɽɽȥˡ
תһȦܿ·߷һʬ壬ʬսռָͷɻˡ
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俴˿˵ǵĵط˶ʱǲǺܺã
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лˣĹެڳżﵱȻ
˵ϾϲҰĻĺãţҪȥҪúһһĴ󣡡
ܸܵж㣬һѩɽϵҲȻެ̲ס
ڶ죬̩ɽطۿ߽˰˴塣
һӾס˽һˣһΰסˡ
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㣬㣬Ȼ׶ˣ˵
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Ц˵Сܴ٣
ܴپʹ٣ǿ˵
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ͻȻŰֱĹĵĴӡ
Űһֱ֣ûˡ



254 л꡿

㣬ôģæܹŰ֣Ҫһʲô
ռָԷŶҪʱٸȥ
һ⻰˵
ס䣬˧һڣ
֮󻹲úߣſϣ˧˵оÿҲߣǰźҪõöˣ
ͷͺˡ
ڿңң

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ӣҪȥ˴ٵӡ
£Сǲǡţϴĳ˼Цݣ԰˵
ŷˣĻȴ̫ɶ˰ɣ
Ϲ˵ôСô뷨һۡ
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ι㲻˵ǲԵ𣬽ٸƶǲԵ𣿡ʵ
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֮󣬰ͻȻͷЦ
һ㶣׹ǳˡ
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ȻֻһѻңκκʬйصĶѩɽϵһġ
һʬĺð취
ͷоһǿ٣ʲôͬûС
ͷ˵ĴӪ̫Сˡ
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䲻ϻҽʶ￴һ
һһʶһνһ𣬰ʶ硣
֣ͷڵľ磬Ѿòһˡ
һһһ
ÿһһС磬Сȥ
ͷĸоָǸĵط
һлס档



255 ĵ

лܱܵ
Ʈǳ١
ӲлԺʶҲǷǳ
лģ
ڰ뵽Ǹʬ塣
һ𾪵ķֳ˰ͷʬʱҲһ˽
ƺꡣ
鿴л꣬˳ͷľ硣
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Ȼʶǿ󣬵ǲ֪ڵʲôģ֪ᣬһסڽ档
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ͬĻ֪ͷյĹ죬ÿ춼ͷڵʱͷʾѾʬһˡ
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⣬ǵ𣿡һ˵һﴫ˳
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Ť⼸Ȼţˡû뵽ˡ
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ЩҪҪǣĻҲ̫ˣ
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뿪ǰѾԸ˹ǣڹͽ棬ϴ峤Լػž飬̻ԽԽõġ
һθǵĹҪġ
ںɽһƬطһأｨǽҪ˫ģвҪбڿӣڿӵҲҪв
⽫ͽԺķأһܴ󵨵뷨
ķɽٴξ峯߾СǣÿһξﶼڷսҲͬڷսެҵؽųǽ
ҪֱӷɹȥԸ⣬Ҫһ
㿴ȻǽĶ࣬سǵ˺þòһˣָųǽĽӴսҪȥǷǳġ
һۣ˵ެɱˣѵ㻹ɱԽ
˵ʱתһ⣬ָެ˵ũޣâɣѵûҵĻս
һ̯֣ⲻǺ𣿡
ǲǡҡͷ˵ǣԵʱǸũ޺âɣǣҹܲˣѧҵıµˣͲҵıɱˡڹȻҵĻҪץѩɽȥ
˵ָ꣬Űެȥ
ެУûҵũ쵰
ȴսϤģǳˣɴסˣսҲˣȫŷɽ治ͬϷˡ
ÿǵսͣ򲻳ˣԾͣĺá
Ҳˣضެʿǵũ޽أ
ެʿһָش
ȥǱߡָŰ䡣
ެľӪȥսϵˡ
Ŀɿڴǲأǲأǲأ
˫˶ʶһȻ㿴ҿ㣬˶Էĳ⣬Ǹ˱



256 ڧ

ެ棬Ľϣ䵶һֱעǰߵս
ʱǿˣε̾һ
ķɽͣǰ棬˵Ǻܿ죬Ľ̯̯֣ʾĻˣûսȥ档
ʥŮ̵ıսѵָ´սɣ
ެڶˣҲ˵Ĵ
ҸӣԺ֤ÿһ궼ٶˣҵĻٹսǽ𣿡
ũһ뵽ʥŮŮķ˵ӣܹԱʳϾϲ
ããֻҪˣǸսأũϴӦ
ҰҪһһףŸǺ󣬻ϸذֵİ취˵
Щ취̩ɽϹۿ˺ö죬Ȼغܽġ
̩ɽȻҪȴڰķ»ܼ̩ɽѧϰЩ
˵ũÿ˶ƺؼˡ
Ҫǻǲ͵ʥɽҡ
ũ޵ͷӦ
ҲˣԸ˱˰ɣ
Ĺߵ
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ŲɵһҪ￴˱ߡ
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ũñ֣Ϊ̬ȣȰһȳȥǧʿʿ룬ӪҲһһʰߡ
Ҫ죬ǵضˣŷĵðѩɽȥ
˰ʱ䣬ѩɽϡ
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æҪЩףַެĸ棬Ƕ׺
ǰ䱻˾һǷɻ˾ÿܣס



257 

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ѩɽ֮ϣȴһƬѩ
ΪѩɽϵΨһɫֲȴһֱʢںʱ̵úȴһ㣬ҪϿĽˡ
һ죬ͷͻȻһŴϲ
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258 ʥ

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ϻͷ˵Ӱ죬û뵽ⷽӰ졣
ȷˣһǿķӣκ˶סȥ˭ǿͿԵҵˡ
ҪոǿԼӶǿǣֻΪҷ񣬶ҵĵλͷ˵
ͷյ֮ãֵϡʮͽĻṩ㹻ǿ󣬸õ˻ĵλ
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Ҫͷ·ϵرǿ
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Խˣǲùܡ
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̾һ߽˳
ﵽңԿӦһڲűǳصġ
м˰䴩øɸɾģǸǮϳ˹



259 

ǰˣһ˵ϡ
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ص̩ɽĺҩʮ֮һҩһҩζɢ˿



260 ᡿

ɫĵ裬ЦЦ
óһӣѵ
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﷢ʲôԼ顣
ܺԼôǿʶӦģֻˣԼʶΪ̫Զ֪ʲô飬ǣ飬仹кǿĸӦġ
Ǳߣֻ÷磬ȥެѩɽ



261 ʧ

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аܰѸʬ
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Цĸ󾳵ĸҪ



263 ǰˣ

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264 һš

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265 ԯ

Ѿڵȵúܾˡ
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266 

⽣ֳȥȴˤԯΪǱɣʧȥġ
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ԯ˴һæĶ߷˻ȥ
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ܸߣֻӶŰеӿ˿˦һͷ
ԯ˴õˣֻԯõӣͿ԰ˡ
굽ϣҲܲˡ
Űһ˦еһ䵽һȥˡ
ԯҪܹȥѾٵȥˡ
ԯ˴ӣҪס꣬ǰﻹĻᡣ
ײţԯ˴ˣĲӱ죬ȴûͣӱԽԽߣӴӰĲӸȥ
ɽȥԯ˴ԯһ׷
ҪǱץˣҪɱȡĽడó˳̵ľˡðɣû̳ԣﲻۡ
ҪΪúôʹˡֻƽʱҪʱ򣬴ٶϺ̶̵Сȣ˵ǷǳĿ졣
ʱԯ˴ԯ׷Ȼ׷ϡ
ϪߣͨһϪˮ棡
úԯ˴ԯ඼һ¡
ǿ˿ˮĹӰԿϪˮ
ԯ齣նԱһֻӣϪˮȥ
ͬʱԯ˴һʯͷӽˮͨһʯˮףˮ
ͬĶȴõͬĽۣ˵ˮɣ
ɣʮ׶ѡ
⻹ϪĵطҲѣ԰Ҫﲻˡ
ʮףϹ˵Ϊץ°꣬ȥһԣ
磬ˣڰϽӦңˮȥ˵꣬ԯ˴ˮץȥ
ԯӦһڰϽĶţ
ûһոˮԯ˴͵
ðˮ棬ͷ˰ĲҽˮлοһѪ䣬䣡
ԯסˣæܣôˣ
ˮʹԯ˴ԯȥ
һͿԯ˴Ϲżɫ㡣
ԯסˣԯ˴æѺ
ҧţ㱻˺ҲǴԯ˴ҧһ⡣
Ѻ飬Ҳһ

ԯ൹һ֪ղԯ˴ôҽгˡ
ˮж㣡ԯ˴۵óƺҪΧĿŷݣ
ôеӣԯšüͷ˵
ԯ˴˿˵ǰҲ죬⣬⡭
ɫһף뵽ˡ
㣡
ǶˣطȻ㣡
ҲԶŶ㣬ԿΪΡǴˮʱ۶ᣬ֮㸹
û뵽ﻹ㣡
ɱǣԯ˵
ԯ˴ҡͷԴڣооϾԶ֮
ã
ʱ¶һͷֿ죬԰ϵЦЦ
ˡ
Ҫץ֮ǰɱֻ꣬ȡ˵
ǣˮ㣬²ȥˡ
۾˰ߵӣ



269 ڶ

ȡ񣡡ԯȵ
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ԯ˴ӣɵվ֮ϣˮ¡
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һϪˮ֮ϣͲ塣
걻͵Ľһ󣬿ٴ°׹ˣٷһ׹⣬иоӣ˰ϡ
귢һ׹֮󣬾ֳŵˮˣԯ˴ԯϪϣŲ
ʯͷӣˮȥҪʯͷѰסǰ赽
һ꣬
һߣԯ˴ҲǲֺˣóһѪ¡ʱٴϰԵóһѪͻȻ۾һѪȻԯȥˡ
ԯһЦһ̣ˬһ
ҧҧԶˣóһŲȥ
ѪСĽˣ
һһҹ֮󣬰ȻĲ䣬ԯĴǳǿѾҹˣһֱܵԯĴǿҲЩŲס
Ӳҧһˣٴαԯ˳ȥҲǳƽ˳ȥ
˾룬ӿռָóһӣһƵӡ
ԯһоŵĲƽ֪֮ðˣ˶к
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ԯסˣһμʶĵҩĲˡ
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һʱ䣬±ߴȭͷԿսж༤ң
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ʱͷʶˣһԯһԭء
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˽ѾʧЧʧˣѪļ򣬵ڵϣ֧ӡ
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Աߵĵϣʮƣ״ԷȶŴ
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ԼʾңӦ֪ǻزˡ
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ȭͷڰϣţһײ˳ȥ
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һȭ֮һ٣ܵԯӦϹʮȭ˰ϣͿ첻ˡ
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ڰҪ֮ʱȫһˡ
ʱŭˣؽ
ԯ죬һƽ
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ԯˣڰУһֻϱ
еĲҽԶԶĴ
ԯ˴ˣɱͷˣæܡ
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ǣԯ˴֮ǰܵûԯ࣬Ҳ˲ٵʵһ֮æ˳
ڰ·ϣԯֻ࣬˵ֱۣѾˡ
æסԯ࣬˳
ܿ죬ǿѾѰõϥµԯ磬ܣܣ
ԯһŸоһǿϢһֻȫİ꣬һ¡
Ӧ飬ȥ֧Ԯǣ˰ˣ
⻰ԯԯ˴һϲ
Ӧ˳ȥ
ƺһ㣬ҪվԯһŲ˰ĺϣ䵹˵ϡ
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ǽûˣòˡ
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ǴػĹóĺҩҪҩҪעҪʶҩĻȴû뵽ʱˣ
һԯնҩײ̱ˣ˷˳ȥ



270 Ȼ׵硿

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ԯնѪģˣڵ˺һվ
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272 ΢ǡ

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ѾڹеŰˡ
䵽˺ǿʼʱ



274 

ǲҪʲôֻҪȵ΢ȫʢȻ󷨴򿪾Ϳˡ
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ʱֻϴ峤



275 ᡿

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û뵽ͷȻγĺö
æһڣȪˮۺܱ˰ȫĵһӱһ㣡
̫ˬˣ
æĿڣȫˬ͸ˣҲһӴĲ㡣
ʣ²Ȫˮûȫˡ
ţڻ֮С
óӣװ˽ȥ׼ûȥǺȡ
ﻹȪɽҪ
뿪ȪŮǺȥ
Ǻ֮Ͼ͵ɴ˽ʲô
Ȫǣ˵
붨ǰ԰˵ˣҪµʱҪչһδˣҪδ˴ʱǰ
˵֮ͱ۾붨ˡ
ţ⻰һ졣
ǺƤ죬ţգһۡ
ţܲˣϴ붨
˵δǰţ˭ǰģȻҲܰţڵȪġǿѾ붨ˣȪɽҲҪȥһ´ȥˣɽ沼һ󷨱
ͬʱͷʮѽط˭ҪǸ͵Ȫˮô
˵ȻͷôѷɽǻûԹǵء
ȷҪԣͷʵ
ͷǵȻô֪ⶫĺû
Ȫˮİ䣬ΪҲָˣ൱ǰһʵһˡ
ϣǲԵġôѽȫȥġ˻ÿġ
ҪԵǵ
ͷеķɽҲжǧѣ˺ú󣬾еķɽɹ

еķɽһ¾úķɽ
ԴԴϵطɽŰ塣



276 Ů

һ
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Ҫȥһطڿٵش£취
ܿ죬ԽԽˣһѽͿԴ̽ͻȻͣڰ֮С
һ
⻹һٸʱ䣬ԼķͱˡȻÿһѽĹǿǿعͬһطð䶥ס
Һ滹кܶĽûйء
Ҳ˵ͷһ׽󣬾ͿԻɱһˡ
ȻôšһͲ϶ˡ
ͷ˼䣬Ͼôͱ˷Щ
ͬʱҪԯͷܹܲƾ˵ˣҪͷķɽ
ȡʤ
£
ϴ峤ܹ԰˵
ȥӣȴǰ緢ʱ
˽̸ʱ˽⵽ӵǧӵܱȥˡ
Ҫȥ߾õġ
㻹ĲģȻҪ¸߾
ⶼһʧˣҪٴһΣֱ¸߾Ϊֹ
ӵǧӵܱһıֱһֱ֧ӵϣ뿤³صķŷӡڱգΪ߾ޱһСԭ֧սǿԭǲܰôǿľӷһϡ
Ǳ˾Ȩˡ
Žʲôбµ˴±ǵӵܱǸˣҲԳΪ֡ЦŶ˵
һЦˣȻΪ˰µһԱ
˼Ȫһľ硣
һº󣬰Ӹ˳ȥ
ûжãӱȥ׼߾
ڱֽʱɽѾȫˡ
û췴طȫˡ
Ҷ֪ǰܵģ̵Ľܵġ
Щ췴¶м̳ĸ֣Ӱ죬ЩءȻҲη̵ʵǾûˡ
ǣҶˣһСسǻǳ͢ģ͸һٶڻеĺ컨̫ˡʱ򣬳͢Ҳû취ܵˣ͸һˡ
Ȼǲ˳ǵ˼
ȷʵǱ˳ˣڳ͢Ĳȫ̩ɽ֧ԮţҲе
ڳ͢򵤵ʱϴ峤͢Ӧˡ
ǲ췴ͽ̫࣬Ҫһǳݽͽ̺ˡ
ܿ͢Ӧ͸̡
̵ĵλڹٷ
ڳ͢췴֮УǴڶģֻҪ̵ͺá
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ģþƾԱ
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ҧľƾư취ڽڴһʥҩʥҩǳ̵С
ܶˣһžͻֹѪ
Ƕ̵֪̣֪λǷͷǶ̩ɽȥС
ǳ˳֮͢⣬ָṩԴĴ
ܿ죬̿õ˲ٵĲƸ
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µ޻װҲɹģ̵˶ܴһɫɽװˡ
ƤڲɽװҲˣһ£⣬ͷоȻûá
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սУȻǮҪлңЩطѾвͨˡ
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ֽңҲҪãܷơ
ܿ˰취޲ƤڻѹһЩмһƬҶ
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ģֽһСȦ
ʱֹ˰꣬Ȼ̵ͽ˸߾Ĺ磬磬ǹѾǰʱʢˣԽԽû취ǰṩ㹻֧ԮزǱ߾ˣǸԼ˶ˣǲòһ˱
һ˱ҵľһ̣ҲȥԸ߾ˡ
ڵƣƣӦ
߸կϹ漱ӳս߸կȵһʱ֮ΣǾƲû˶ͣ
ڶ꣬ͻ£ԭͻʸסˡ
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٣˵⻹Ĺ͡Ц
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ȴ۵嶨һ£תֱ׳ض԰˵û֣㶼ҼҸƷˣһֱҼҪ췴ͼҪٲֵĻҼһᱻǸģ
䵯һĶͷȻԼǰۣǿ˶췴ˣֻҪƴһѣͿԵһصҡۺ첡ҪԼ˵ô
Цһ£΢΢˼ȴӲ˵Ҽ˶˵ҵȻúͳһھ
һ۶ûȤ
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ۺߵҵѾǵԭȥˣʲôͽȽҲŲܵأ
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ʱ㱻ͻʱ߾˶ã׸ͻĹͻˡ
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˶ҵΧŨ
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ŮǰֵģҲǡ
˿ȹһ仨һڽϣŷḻƷ
ʱһ̯ǰһԽڿһԽgǳƯ۾һæ˹ȥ̯ϰ˵µĻgô˵һ£һ֧Ҫˣ
ϰȻ֪ŮҪ߷ֵϵͷ˵ǰСĵĴgӵû
۲ƽϣȥǶŮеĻgӡ
ǣǸŮһ˿
תͷؿۣߵ߿
⻰üͷһӴȻҶһСħŮ˵߿ǲǣ
ƫ߿һֻgһҪˣ콻Ȼ벻أŻ
ŮƺҲƽ֮ˣ⻰Цˡ
ðҵҪ磬иҴȺիǳʲôģǸͷϲ̻Ů˫ֲȻЦȴر䡣
䣬۸оƺ￴
ǳﻹû˸һСѾͷȻĿˡ
ֹȥͬʱϺ˰Ҷ㣬ôԼͻצƣ䡣
̻ŮվûжӵؿԽԽ̻Ůվﲻ
ֿҪõĻgˣ̻ŮһֻͻȻˣٶȿþˡ
һһش۵ϣۺһ˸˳ȥ
̣̻ŮеĽgûжһ¡
۷˳ȥ󣬵˵ϣˡ
Χ˶һ
Ѳ߶̶̻ӿߵæ˹
ߣûб¾Ȼˣۣ̻Ů۸ղŵİúԲŻصĶ
Сݣһв׷Χ˿Ƕ⣬ѵĸо
ߣС



277 ʦˡ

ˣòײųһΣΧĳǳضս֮УһСǻƽ㶫ȻôһĳŮˣҳôˣȻĳŮˣʲôСһܣһ߲ƽµ
Сܳʱ򣬺ϰٸ׷ҶΪˡ
ΪʵȻҪô˴򣬻Щֻˡ
ܿ죬Ǿ˾룬صҲ׷ˡ
ʱڣ۱̧˵ϣԵֳ̾ȻԼĵϱ˴˹ȥŭɳ֣ȥ׷Ůһ̧߰ȥѹ
һȥ̩ɽϸ߰䡣
֪µʱѾ˹ˣһǰɽ·ϣľ벻Զ
ţԼһ˵
ŵһȻ󿴵˳ȥûһ˸ոձεۣ֪ˡ
䣬ĵ̱ˣ۹죬ί˵
һ£ֻŸؿڣܰҰӸ򵹣Էе㱾£ܰƵôãɼԷҪһ¥
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Դ̩ɽ󣬾Ͱ̵һ飬е˶֪λ̡
ڣǸң۱򻹲ֵġҲʵӦ¡
ˣۺһһ½Ľ˽ȥ
˽棬ŰһظɼǱص㣬˲ᡣ
ˣҲûбܿ˼һһҪ
ɫǰץһΪ뵽һ־ͶŮ֣ʵ
ۻԼѣôݱ۸
ظ˵Ůġ
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һŮɫǣֺݺݵҧ˵
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ΪǶӰСİԱˣߵ
۶һߣͷ
䣬䣡һ
ǻƵż֪ǳʲô¡
ſڣѾ˽ˣܹ˵˭ˡ
磿
һ㶣Ǹˡ
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ٴҡͷ
һߵ̧ͷʣƨͷţ˲£氡
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˴Ⱥի½Ĵһ֮ûбʦţƵ뿪˱ڣΪһ̰ѣ
ߣ֪ͺãһŮ
İˣ̫ھӸˡ
ȴһɫúȻȥ
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ʲôʱ򣬴Ⱥի˽ˣһŮ˵ҲһŮ
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뺷ȥֱӿˣð·㲻ߣƫڿܵõȥ
۵ĳ֣ŮҲһǿۣû뵽
ŮصĽϵССݡ
Сݰ۵˴ȺիһӣԹڵϵȵţµĵӣĿˣԴ̫ûˣҪǲúùܽҾͰŸˣ
嶼ô£Ҫ˵˽ͬʱ˵Ҫܽ۲˵Ǵ˾ܵģǲǲûأ
Ůɫһ䣬ƺ֪֮ǰ顣ˣһûĹ˵ġ
ǰѰݵǴȺիĵӡ
СղһֱվԱߣýѵ壬ڵðʦŹ涨ֻŮӣǾȻƹеӣ㡭
Ӵô磬Ϊʲôݵ񣡡Ц
Сѣ䲻ҴȺիˣ̵ĽλŮ֮Ů
Ů΢ղŷˡ
䣬Ϊұ𣬸ղžǴҵģǾ˵Ůɫǣ˰һ¡
ʲôʱ˵Ůɫˣ

ߣȻû˶еٽѵһΣСݺһһȥ
ȫû֮ǰһƵӰվûУ
ٸһڣô¡
ǰǺܸӵģҶԷˣ䲻ò
СݵƿҪʱ򣬰һţСһ࣬ѽһ֡
ҪȥǶԷƺǿǿоˡ
Сһ֪ԷæԾȥ乥ȥ
һȭǵ˺СͬĵطСҲȭͷҲѽһ
ߣһֻһŮ˳ȥ
ŮأŭصŰ䡣
СȴǰˣȻǴʱֻѾˡ
ʱ˵еλ֮ԭ¡
Ǹ
ССݵе⣬ԷΪʵǱԼ߳ܶ࣬ȴܺԼǸ
ͻǺܸˣûܺʦгǲм
ľˣӮǣȴҪǵǸⶼʲô
䵱ȻԼĴ㣬ҪǴԴأܵˡ
Сݺܰŵ̬ȣС˵㣬˵ǽҲвԵĵطǰ¡
˫̨ףϵһů
С˵ݣڰ˿



278 ڡ

ĵ˺󣬰ʱҪ
СʵСӣһҵ˵ܹӦҡ
СʱĺͰӴ󣬺Ͱˡ
ʱ͵˵֪ʲô飿
Դ˵˳ڻԴ֮УҪȥ
Ҳ֪Դڣһֱû취ȥ˵ԯ˵ǺԴͬɣ֪֪Դ𣿻ǺԴͬһطģ
˰飬СС϶¶˷ŭ֮ɫ
Դɢµ飿̫ɶˣһ׼һŮӵ¯ƭСˣС
乫һ֮ˣʵ˸жģһģС߬߬ȭͷ˵
СݶһۣȻƺһСΪ˵νԴʵǿˣԴɣռ˱ߵɽ⵽澹ȻԳԴеЦˡǺɽȷʵͬһԴһһڱ
Сݽ˵ͬһԴҲнǶ໥ŶԷԲûߵöӣʮ߶һΡǽôҲһ߶һ¡ʱ䣬ǶǸġ
ǵĻԴҲеӡʮ߶һΣҲ̫ڹƧˡ
лλӡ֪ܷѽİ취ңǴҽ룬Ҿӣͳ˵
Ů¶Ϊ֮ɫ
ôղŻڴӦֲԸ˰۷
һۣȻڴؿССŮ
Сε˵乫ӣԸ⣬ʦŲ׼˽ʦ֮СغʦŵİΣʦŶԴ˷ǳϸ񣬴˽ȥˣףϰ˽ĵӵͽɱԡ
ֵʣǲʦ̵ĺɽԴǺɽԯĲͬһطѵصʦ֮У
ǡСҡͷЦǲŲʦ̽ġʦڹʦСʦΪסǺɽĽ취˴ȺիҲˡ
嶼סˣȺիĵнԴ취
ǹţʵ
ȺիŮϴʥ֮ɫ˵
СʱŽͣһڣǸھʦ̺ɽǸӦġǴȺիʦҲһڣϵĳӦϽǵʦš
˵ŷǸں󣬾ɳ˵סɽʦ̡ҲˡȱµĴȺիǲ뿪ġСһۣղôҲԭġ
˵ͷԭǨɧ˻¡
ҲΪʦ֮УʦŶǳϸ񣬲˽ȥ
һ˵ǵ˼ˣԼĻҲ˽롣οԼǸպʶġ
ҾԸ⣬ȥ֮ԼҲȲˣʦŻȰԼ߸ɱˡ
ĺˡˣǻȥȥʦ¸ȥҪˡǴȺիˣҲǴȺիˡǴȺի۸С߬ȭͷܼ˵
Сͷ
˵ˣҲûΪѱˣͷͬ
ʱһͷ̽ͷ˿ƣ˻ȥ
ƿˣ۵Ц˳
СҲǸͷˣɴ۾ôڹ꣡
СѾ˳ȥˡ
ǣǰꡭ
ϳ˰ˡ
ԴĹɣʶĿࡣ
ƱҪͣڿССݶע⵽꣬ЦЦ˳ȥ˵Ϲǲ죬óԵģ
Сƣʵģ
ǴʦȥС˵žҪȥꡣ
ιҼҵģֻܹ߲ԵģΪ˳ǣȥˣ
С䣬ʵģ
ͷԼ꣬ȻĹ˵˳
Ѿ˻ס
Լ꣬Ըסѡ
ܸܲǡСЩʵ
⻰Щ˼
Ա߱ղ飬ƵˡƵ˵飬˼ˣҪ˵Ķˡ
С˵ޣޣʦŵ˻ġǶ޵ϰߡ
˼ö˻˵ˣڿ˼˵
Сϲõؿ꣬ͷ͵ҡͷСһ¾ʧˡ



279 ۡ

Ȼûеõ꣬ССŮ̩ɽϣÿźóԵĸԡ
˺ü죬ܵǰ棬ܿ϶˵䣬ѵûʲôıΪʲôɽȴ̩ɽϣ
ŶҲкһ뷨
ԭ֪ˣ㻹öȥջһֻϹ꣬ҪǱǸƭˣ͵ȥˣۼš
һ˵˵Ĳͬһ¡ͷĺˡʳɱȴȺիҪõö࣬Ӣѡġ
Ҳǣʣ˵ĲǺͬһ£һ£ѵǻıɣ
ЩԴˣʮϰŻһΡٴγҲҾǲȥ̩ɽϣͲһˣһʲôŻֻڵ˶ѡָͷϵĽָ˵
ˣһ£׷ʣҪʲôˣѵҪһ𣿡
пǵˣҲпǵ顣ڵʱ䣬ҪʲôͲ֪ˡͷ˵
¿˿ۣЩڣ˵ķӦ찡ɱȥȱˡ
ֻǺ˵һͷ鴫˼Ԩ˰Ļ˷Ӧɱȥǰ㡣
ǳǱ߾Ǻ׵ĹȰͻʵľӣԶͻΧˡ
ҪԨųǾʲôͶûˡ
Ҫ缸ǾҪͻսһԼ˿÷ǳ׼
Ϊʲôô׼
ЦˣԨͻԵף˵Ǻͻйᣬ֪һͻĺ׹ʲôǺ׵ġ
ڵõ۵ĻǾ÷ǳпܣ˷ɿ˽һͻʷĶ֪˺׹Ķ̬Ӧԣʱ䣬պʱǰڿҪϵ֮ʱͻ˱ˣԨȼй
ԨΣ֮ʱȼݣһƬģȻм鳼˵Ҫ췴ԩ
һӵԨߣԭҲڷԨĻһֱ£ѹԨ۵ƽһӵ˹ĻҲôද
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ô֪΢΢һҾǴ֪ȥǻûõأ֪Ǳôˡ
۶û֪ô֪ˣ
ЦЦԼȻԼ
Ŷһ鱨ĥһ£ЩɳȥͽһԵףһǰ鱨͵ˣ
ԩҵͽǲóȥ֮Ϊ£ᵱҵԵףԼ鱨˵
ȻţҲ˵ȥҪҪ߼֪ʲô
˵һƯǾǻзģһȥֻǷŸ˶һ㣬÷ҽΪ췴׼
ƺ·ǳ˽⣬ͺۿһ㡣Ҫ˵ǲǻҵĴ
ҪҪȥ߼ǷŰ䣿
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С̧ͷ˰ϷɵӰӣҲ˵ˡ
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ССʱҲȥϹƽˣ׷˳ȥѾûˡ
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СС˭
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280 ˡ

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281 ֡

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282 ˳

ô˵ڲʺϽԴˡЦ̯̯֡
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283 ˡ

᣿۾͸ã⻹ǵһ֡
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ǰϣһѷ죬ѷԽԽһ̨׳ˣһ̨ͭʿ䣡
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284 ´˻ʡ

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ԨһȻܴôˣīﲻ˼˵
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ҵ˽ɽòһŪ˼ʢ˸Ҳ֡
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֮ߣЩټΪ˱ˣҼȥôһҵġҲӦûж˽ɽԭɡ
ˣ˿ʼ˳ػĹ
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ҪʲôϷ˵ɡһȥһԨع˵
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ܿǷˣңīңԺʹȺի˴ﵽʱԱɶõʮƽ֡
ЩɣǳɡԴ棬ϰټûгΪǵеֻһ䣬еĸɴûС
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285 졿

عĵãǶԨǳġ
ع뿪֮Ԩһģȵɣ񣬽۶ԪԵҷ
ԪӦһ˵ү̩ɽûأ
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ܿ죬ŵɣа񣬺ͰԪֵܽԨ鷿Ӽ˿ʼ˴
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ԨȻҲ췴Ϊعĵеˡ֪ʱʷҪһꡣ˼ȴʮʵɡĻЩǵĹԱǶһһֱڴѹֵѡ
˶õģǴ࣬ҲҪЩΧڻʵһֱµӵˣְɡ

ұ̫ԭӪ˼꣬׼֮󣬷չǳѸ͡
뿪ЩټʥҪڹΧɣؼʱڣƫԨߣ׼κɺ߰㡣
ȻǺǰټԡ
ǸԶɢˣССڽнԾûкͰ̩ɽȥȻ̩ɽĺóԵģǱϾѵóһˣǶһߣһ㡣
Щ˲ἱŻԴ棬ΪһԤ˻͵ֵȫĲ£ҪŴѶŻߡ
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286 ˿졿

߸կ˶ƹ㣬ȡ˵֮Ұĸ
гҧ屦ͽֱ֧֣ȡ
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Ԩ췴·
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287 Ů֮

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ȵ˻ʺ󣬰۾˵㵹ѻʺðߡ
ղεΣȻƭʺġ
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һϢǣµҩֱ֧ջظأƽ¡
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ȴ֪÷ǳս



288

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Ҫȫ㹻˸ǣǾȱɣȻµͻˡȻˣϱƣҲǸõİ취
֣ϱƣַֻɢҵˣ˸ã
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ӼűòУһ㣬˳ȥƴŰȥ



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ǣع˶Χȥ˰һߡ
𼷱𼷣ҩСһȴֻŵҩû취һһţ˵
һǻа취ģ۸ߵã
򲻵Ԥ´򣡡
⵹һð취



293 
293

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õʸȴûǮʵ̫ˣ
俴˿Ǽ
Ϲȴֱˬ˵Ԥһʵû
һǧǰɽ˵Ƿ֮ģ㿴ֵֵһóһѾµС԰˵
зźܶµķģһһǺĸо
ڰֻһͨĽѡ
ͨɽȲϣȻ
˽Ҳͣص
ŭˣ㲻֮ҲҪǵĹŶļֵϰ
չŶֱӻص
ڳʱīﱾҲóһѹŶǽһһһʰ䣬ҵĻ󣬲ɴ˴Լѽֻ°Ҳա
˻ȥƤ
һȣ亰
ī˵
īһȻѹŶ˰䡣
ѽҵĻҪƣֵǲԶˣЦ
ȴǸɴ˵ѽҪˣŵ㡣
˶һɣ
ڹҵǲǣŭˣԼĽԱīĽҪ߹Ķࡣ
ǰȴǲҪҪīǸƽ
ⲻǱڴ
һۣѽ
Ȼѽĺô˵
ղڽ֮ʱо˽һʶ
һнĽ
ˮ顣ٻ
һһĽ
ȻǲŹˡ
˽պãȻˡһׯɣǻûУ
Ϸһ̡عóһ̣ݸ˰䣬̿׼΢ǵķλ
⻰ĵģһӾ͵㵽˰Ҫϡ
˵ˡ
Ҳ̣ͨʥУ̾׼ޱȣǲöõı
Ҳһֵ
ʣһţ˶ˡ
ССݶˡ
Ժıʸóһؼʱľ취ûȤ
ݺóСʯ֣ݺҵĻԶʱĲرصйء
һرص㣬˭֪ûУҶôˣôã˵Ͳˣ߱ˡ
ȷ̫Բĵɱ
ǣСʯȴͬʱһķ԰
ùһ£Ȼ˵
ǣҲֻãûô
ȻõҲղءҵֵˡһδһܾˡ
ݺҲɴ˴
ʱ˱ʸϵؼæűʸЦ֣ؼһͰŵҩΣȥ֮ұֵͬĶ㣡
ţʸӲ̫Ϊ֡
ԼĶ˵ҩݺңҵʵ
´Σ˫Ϊҩݺ̸еʵȻǺ˵
ʸӰռˣͷӦ
Сʯؼͷͬ
һŵҩݺҡ
ԤһĵҩԴϲ
ССȴڴУֱĸо
ȵ˺ССҵ˰䣬ʵҲҪҩ𣿡
С
һϲ
֣жһŵҩССҪ
һأҩǰʧˡ
Ը⿴İҪҰҪ
˵Ҫҩԣǡ
Ҫ̸
ССݶһۣһʵҪʲô
ССصӣƺ°俪ʲôẦߺµ
۾һУϴһ£ŵСɫˡ۾һƲ¶һ֮ɫһ䣬Цһ£Цζ㡣
Сݴһ£Ϊ֮ߣŮˣ㾹ȻƲң
СһСݣ侲һ¡Ű䣬˵
ҪҲûжɻ̸顣Ҫ򵤣ӦһҪԴ档俴ǣ˵
ССݵ׼ͬʱҲЩ⡣
˵ܽԴģ仹ˡ
ǸҪڣ;ܾˣӦˣô̸ԺֻɣǴȺի
ܼ
ССЩˣԴﲻ˽ȥġȥ˾ͺΣգ
֪ΣǵʦšҪȽȥǴӦӦȻͿԽȥΣˣ˰֡
С룬죬˵ǣһһǵһʱܳʱɵ˶һҩˡⲻõҩĳԿ𣿡
ûشǵ飬ðİ취
ǽʵ벻취ˣͰһͻȥˡ
ļ죬յߵϢެľȫ˻ȥˡ
»ھӱҲռ峯ıˣǱެһ˻ȥˡ
Ͷı߾ʮͽӽ˷Уͻʺ͸߾ͽסˡ
Ѿʼʧո˻
ҲǷ
ͷɢȥÿһͽǳ졣
֪ۿҪͻƵˡ
Ŵ˿Ҳôࡣ
ͽԵļһЩˡ
ϷϷ˿ڱ٣ӵͽҲࡣ
ڱ췴֮У󲿷ֵ˶Ҫͽˡ
ֻǸոճΪͽΪʵ̩ɽǿ
ʱƣǴ̵̲ģʽ
󣬲ϵ̲ЩСĵ̡
߸կռԨһʱ߸կƴˣͷʱķŵ˳Ӫҿʼչ
񼽨µľҲչ÷ǳг˼
⼸Ҳ̲С֮󣬺ǰϷֳ˼̣



294 նࡿ

ƴҿʼȶ
һԭֳ˼̡
ӵ̺Ҫ̾Ϸ
ŴũҵǴӾãϷҪڱ
Ѵ󲿷ֲͱȥϷǻûͱȡ
ڵĵ̺ģҲû취ͱ
ڱҪԨˡ
εǣԨκһ֧췴ӶҪ췴ӺϲȴҪԨöࡣ
ԨҪͳһкܴѶȡ
䣬ͰҰүɣ֪ԼҵҰ䣬æ
ҪǰЩͽǶȥһЩ˵ңôҵֵһ߲٣ʤ㵱Ȼˡ
˵Ű䣬عҲһ˼
عƺʶʲôûи俪ڡ
һ仰Ϳеͽǰһ£˽ɽôðԨ£Ժ䲻ˣһ仰ǿͽ췴ô֮Ϳڼ̵ʱ߸
Ŷٶ߶ͽİ䣬ӰѾǵ˿ֲĴڡټϰ䱾ΪʵѾǳعЩʥˡ
֮ǰúͺ˰䣬ڿʼʶĿˡ
Ҫð䣬Ԩʰ£ͷһӰԭԶȥ
Ǵʱìˣϣæֲ밽Ӱ
ⰽڶͽԺ¾Ǹң˵㣬ǰ˵㣿
ǵĵģܿһ𰸡
ѧϰĵطԼļֵ׷ҲȥԨ¡Ҳûа취ͬҩһֻҪԨܹЩͽӪ棬ôȻ룡̯̯֣˵
ǽʱͽǳ̧˲Դ
ʱۺĲʼ¶˳һֻһſ˴ڣЩ˲Դ
ʱԨƲͻֳ
عҲһֱرعõ֮󣬾ҪȥˣŻȥ
ƶȣֻʥȻԴȥ
عССѾͷҲǼŻԴȥ
ǲһΪѾûˣڰϾ͸һţȴû취õ֡ɰġ
ǾϻصУõͬ⣬Ȼһ
֪ҪȥԼȴǲջǵĶǻԼġ
ڻȥ֮ʱССݾȻЩԥˡ
ڰ²ǵ뷨ʱСҰˡ
һͬģҾˣһԴĵҩȥСݶ԰˵
֮ǰǻǿŲԽԴܵʦĹȴ밽ȥⲻԶì
ǲ˵ҪǴ˽ȥṥңǶᱻ͵Ļᶼû𣿡˵ϴ
Сһ졣С͵ǿûƭ㣬Ҫ˿ܾͻܵСŮԽȥ֮Ϲǻл͵ġֻҪˣûʲôˡ
ô¡
俴Сݣ֮ǰԼ˵ʱ򣬸ƵģǲԼǵԼȥ硣Сݱ俴úߵصͷ
˲С˵һ˵Ҫʲôʱȥʵ
Сһ֪ͬˡ
СݶڰһСܼƽϣ
ҪߡС˵
Цһ£˵ԴĽڣǲҪ׼ʱܽȥǰԼгߵģʲô
ԴĽڣҪ󡭡
ôٳҵķɽһ͵˵
ССһϲ뵽ɽȥ˷
СͻȻض԰˵£Ҫ˵һѵ飬ҪֻҲһȥ￴ϣͬģ
Ʋһ죬˵бԼȥѹջȥҪҡ
СݶһۣȻתŤСƨˡ
æȥʰѿռָĶóһ飬ȷȫ
ЩʱҲ׼Ŵʥѷɽνװǿ󣬵ҩ㡣
󣬰ȥϴ峤̩ɽ
죬ع½뿪ˣǻǸԵԴ󣬰ССݣ˷ɽͥСȥ
ڰУ̩ɽԽԽԶС˷ܣͬʱҲһźҪһͺˡ



295 Ⱥի

һ󣬰СС䵽˴ȺիԺ֮С
ȺիĴϿӵˣæӭ
ˡҪȺի㲻ͷˡСضԴ˵
϶ڴȺիǳĳݣæͷ
ǿҲôӡһĿЩؿǹͣȴǲ˼ʡ
ԼشȺիͬһԴҪȥ硣
˵ŷǳǿȥҪСģϳԾ˵
ͷлϡ
Сȥʱ䣬ʱˣ԰˵аʱͿԽȥˣ
С԰ԸһվһȥСȽȥʦ֮ǰȺ˼ҽ͵ģ
ǵİš
ʱ֮СССȥϱǷԸҪ
һʯͷǰ棬оĿռЩŤ
ʱСóһƣʯģ쵽УЩãΧĿռػ㼯Сߣ
Ӱر䵭ʧʯͷǰ档
Сס䣬ߵСʧĵطҲͬóһƣٵͷ
оΧĿһһĪ洫˸Χס۾һУʼ䳤룬ͺһͻȻ˳һ㡣
Ҫҵ־ͺãʧȥǰС԰˵
ƺֻʶһ㣬Ҳˡ
˼ӣ۾һУҲع鵽״̬
ֻǣͻȻƺĳֲõľ
ͬʱСݵľн
ҴĿˣҴĿˣҪᣬҪˡСݼȰ
ԴĹأСݲ𣬾ȻҴ˽ǿܸŴŵ飬ÿһϸ
Ͳ֪ʲôƾʲô˵ҴĲǿˡСݺĻϲ
ʱʼǰľɫվһԵʯ棬ӦԴؽڡ
ڰʯ̨Աһӣʱӻš
ǰ棬վʮˣŽŰ䡣
Сǰ棬ǽ͡
ﴩŻɫ۵˵ıû¶һ˿⣬ƺҪ°ء
СʱǸˣվʯ̨棬
òСƣȴСݵĻãĮ
Сڿ֮󣬾͸˵ȥ
ܳһֱץϸʱŽ˹
سϣһᡣСݵĸ׿ˡ
Сһû뵽뿪ʱسϻų֡
һҪڵĸ֣һ֣ϴģ
ҪСݾ
СոͨͨȺի棬Ϳƺ͵س˹һ˸ûӦֻ»سϵĲ¡
ǰһһѽϡ
Ȼسһӽڵĸ֣ҲǽӽӼǿǻʵڸ֣ܸˣҪ˵ٵġ
سϻûпʱеĽȷ˳ȥ
س϶Լŵģ֮ų֣ΪȺիڵ֮
һ֣Զ顣
СŮȥ˺Ȼ˽Ǵ
뵽СݳȥǰѾˣܻ᷸ɵ£ô˴һкɡ
ǣسϲ˵ɵĻᣬֻҪѰ˸ɱˣС˵ɶʵСݴ˽ҲͶˡ
ԣسҪȳ֣Ѱɱˡ
Լʵɱ˷ǳס
ͻȻеĽͻȻ˳
ô£ⲻĶǽԼ֣߷ġ
ùŹʱ˹ֻԽӭ
飡
سϱϵľһƣ˷˳ȥ
ôҲû뵽
ȺիҲˡ
СʱѾ˻سϷɳȥ֮æм䡣
ǣʱسϷˣˡ
⡭òؿŰ䣬ôǿˣִȺİɣ
ҪᣡСæλǰ䣬عԺʥˣīʥģкҪ飬ΪȺիʮķݶأ
СҲŽͣسϣλһع˶ҪģΪǴȺիһţǲŴģҪ˺ǴȺիģ



296 ʯǽ

֮ÿһ֮ʵġ
ͻȻС˵ȡʮ˶һžǲš
ΪڴȺիֻһҪɶʮ䣬ǴȺի˰
СݵƷ˻ɣʵˡ
Ǻ˵˲Ŷߣڽʮ䣬ʮسǿվ
УСݶسЩҧ˶ûж֣ȶ֡ҪǻԼĺ£һûꡣ
Сתͷģֻе˵
ȻˣǾ˵ꡣҪ˵ôСȻҪܵͷ䣬λͣҪίһ£ıв뿪߰벽
һɽս˿ռָһѹӡ
һ£ü֪Ľȥʲô
ԼҪıôһҲ̫Լˡ
Ȼû˵һȴεɢ˳
Сݶسָһ£س㲻׼ٶˣҪ㱻ɱ˿ɲҪû㣡
˵ǰһ仰ʱسҪ˵ûûСܵͷһ仰һҭһ£Ҳ̫Լ˰ɣ
С˵꣬ܵߣʼ˵һ˵ľ
ŵìܣλϣԯʧȥ˲붨ʸ񣬷س϶סˡ
ղŰһͻسϣǾ;ðʵɲ⣬ԯðܣѹһسϡ
ǿߣﶼܵõء
ʱȺի˿Ŀ⣬һ˿η
ع˰ŵķݶָڳˣպС̩ܵɽҰˣǾͼ˱ˡع˭ڽһĴ˵ĻȻݶ֮£ġ
ٵҲ̲ס¶ϲ֮ɫ
û뵽СǸǣĴ¶ײϡ
ϲ꣬߿Դﵽ206շݶȺիԶõʮ֮ıͺ˵ˣ
ʱ򣬾ǰ϶ˣ
ããССúã
ƽʱΪأ׿ˣŮϧ
ʱãʵѵã˶ò֣ÿˣ
һݹ棬ҲаһݡûԯףôСҲòݶ
ʱ򣬴Ҷ뵽СΪʲôԴˣǺԯгҪԯ׵ġĹͺɣҲԴ
ˣҲܴسߵ
Сݰһۣس϶˲ɣСѾ˵ˣ˵˰ĵҩ
С˵飬ع˶ҪСͰ佻ã˽һŸǡûкñԻΪһ
ʲôʵ
С¶֮ɫͰйأ
类˷ŵԯ೤ƭžûгȥҪӣҪԴǰ
СնذѰΪʦŵõҩɡȻСݽһٳȥӦ任ҩôֻ±һˡȻԼΪʦʮ֮ҪΪһһ꣬ôҪ˸ˣ
С˵꣬Է˵Ϊ˱ҵĳ⣬ڹš
˵ţжһӣװС
ССݿ֪عóıǼûģھȻ˵;ˡʵǾȵŴ͡
ղѾ˰ӼŴ򶷣ӼΪҪ䣬ҩΪ֪ҩǿ֮
ȻܴӼţһ֤Ϊǿ󡣷Ŀ⣬һξηηھ
лһʰҪҲͬôŰ۾ʵ
Ǻǡ䵭һЦȻˣôûɲȥˣȳ
⻰ͱˣ䲻ǴӦӦ˾Ȱ˾ˣɵɵǲӦ͸ϳȥ
㡭Сһҧ
ؿһСݣֻ°Ū˸ףСԴˡֻԼ֪ѡ
ս԰˵
ǰߣΧöֿһ·
ϡ
һʯСɽȥ
һƬȺڸڴ֮УʹȺիĽƣһС
ɽȣһɽ·ϣһɽ塣
ɽһʯǽǰ棬̨ߵʯǽ档
ʯǽʯשӱϿǳĴ󣬳߶ϣʯǽĿֻ²С
˶ϣ߶Žʣƺʱ׼սһ㡣
ʯǽϵĹʮ֮ð䵹һ
ʱ򣬷ߵǽߣ档
˹ȥһƬïָ֣ܵаףī̵һƬȴ̣͸һɭ
ͷһʯǽٴεһ
ʯǽ沼ݺĻۣǳеĵط
ƺʲôץһ㡣׳ץۣҪʲôĶץó
㿴˰ɣǵԴΣԴָ֣˵
ָµ֣ȴΣ
ʲôܺ档
ħޣһǿҰޣǽ󣬾ΪУǼǣͻɱǣǡǻᶨʱΧǡǵʯǽһƣͻᱻ泱šԴ
ħ޳ߣǿΪʵǻɱħޣǵѪ⣬ҲΪȻΣգҲͬȥɱħޡ
ƫԴϱߣҪҵţԴıߡǧԶҪţҪǧħɭ֣ǷǳΣգʱᱻħ޸ԵҪȥţҲ㣬ҲҪǺж
Ҫǧɭ֣еΣգ㹻ͨ˶߰˴
ԷȻ˰ĺôҪѴԼ첻ҲΪˡ
лĺ⡣֪ħʲôģʲôҪעģ
˵⻰ǾҪǰˡ
ε̾һȻ˵
ŶǾϷɵ٣ܵĶࣿĻ˵
ǡְô˵
ҪϷɵħ̫ĻٺʯǽҲסħ޵ģͱеħ޸Թˡ
㿴Σó˷ɽȥȻɭ˳ȥ
Ŀɿڴû뵽ɡ
ŰΧ˼Ȧɳȥһٶףŷ˻˷Աߡ



297 ·ˡ

㾹Ȼ˵ͨԾؿŰ䡣
ЦЦ
ķɽȷʵù˳ԾҲֻǶʱڸУԼȴɶþͷɶá
˵ӿзɹȥӦǺܰȫҲصɽġҪһ˴·
ＸûϱĸҲֲǱԣҪһ򵼡
ȴĬ
֮ǰҪð俴ѴԼ֪Ѷˣû뵽ɡ
Ҫǰ֪Ѷ˾Ͳÿǻ᲻˶šڶڰ˵ûѶȣôͲò濼һҪҪˡ
ô˵ҲǺȺիԴദǧ꣬һǾ໥Σ㽻黹еġͰɱȥе㲻صˡ
俴ԥü㶫ҲʹˣھȻҪ˳ˣ
ƶ᲻뿪Ⱥիȥɽ˲࣬Ҫȥһ£˭㰽ȥ˵
ͷŷʯǽȥ
˻ص˸ղŵĹȺ棬СܿŰȥһϢ
ټس뼸Ⱥիĳһ¡
ۣóһΧȥĳϿɢŵε˲ƽ֮
ɢĵ㣬֤ⵤҩҩжǿ
۾ˡ
ȥֻΪɣ
һ뵽Ƕðһ
Ӹϣ˵ˣıȷʵϷУҪȥɽǱ½ߵķ㡣ʶ·Ҫһ·ġҪȥɽǾǸɽȥһôɽҲһЩ壬ҪǴȥҲ̫ʲˣ
˵Ķԣܴȥȥ˾̫ԲɽˣԺɻοǣسдʵ˵ҿӦðѴ˵ȻȺի͵ûнСҲóͷ
СݴййҪǲͬⰽȥɽôСҲ޹ˡسϲⷽŮйԲͬⰽȥɽá
ǰ˵Ķԣܴȥɽֻһ˶ѣǲΪһ˶ȥɽһ϶һ£ⵤҲûǿ
˵ҪӦſĵġ
˵ǽԴҲˡҪ·ǵڶҪˣ֮ǰ

ǣһˣÿĸ̫ࡣ˵ĵϣ˵ˣȥɣ
һЩĳ˵˵ɽץȥǸŮӣǴȺիˣ˵Ҳˡ
ĴȺիܺɽ𣿡һͻȻüҵǳģѵȥɱǵ𣿡
⻰һ˵ڳĴ󲿷ֵ˵ﻰ
ȺիһɣûˡȺիԴǧ꣬˶ڴɽ⣬һġ˵Դɽ
Ϊ˱ִȺիʥ࣬ضĵطɽ˹һʱ䣬ºӺͷֿкӣͻɽŮڴȺի
ɽͣǶһɶĵطԵȻӦˡ
Ů棬һӵģɽ֮⣬ûˣɽĿĵλ֪Ƕġ
ǵȻԸⰽȥɽɱˡ
ҲһɽСݵĸףҲһȻû˵ҲԸⰽȥɽ
˵˵һʱ䶼Ĭ
һسϳˣѡһ͸䣬Ȼȥ
á˲Լͬ˵
ڷķˡ
ڷԼõ߶ſڻ۵óˮŮšԴû⡣
ζزطҲˣӦҪܵõĽſͻȻ֨һһӰ˽
ѾͷôʲôС˵
СתһȻ棬û˷֣Ƶܵߣ˵ǲǰѷɽɵϸ￴ˣ
ǡ
˵Ҫ
˵ص㡣
Ŷǽ󣬲ͬ·أС˵Ųһ̫ˣ˵ôҲǴȺիˣôԼأǵİôˣ
仰ָôϣԼӦǿĲعӼŵ¼Ӳ֤ĹЧ£ǾȻܡ
Ҫ֪ԼùϵһʶϵԺڵĺϵ
ǲͬ⣬Ҳǿ󡣲һǻȥȡ֪СûĵͼҪβܵɽʵ
Сɫһ࣬˵ûеͼ
ûеͼǰֻԼСָһˡ
ǧľ룬ǳĴֻһͻѶȡ
ģȥһɽҸ·Сţ˵
һСݲӿĳһû뵽·˾ǰ
áվͬˣھߡ
СȻͬˣ⻰һ£ϰ˵ϵħΣա
ǲͬȥɽ˵˺ͻңȥˡֻߡ˵ûзŵħ߾ͺáҪϲ·ǿԷһʱ䣬ٺú·ó˷ɽƴǵ˵
Сԥһ£ͷͬ
ߵűߣ˳ȥտţŵ˾ע˹
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С΢΢˼
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ǴӿߵģҪȥҲû
Ǹɽһţǰ֪һ
̾һ˵ˣɽµĻҴȺի޹أ
ڷɽϵİСݳʯǽʯǽڵʦʦöָǣܿǽħ֮С
һħ֣ħ֮˫ɫ۾ǡ
ֱſĸоëȻ
СһּƤĸо̲ס˱
һţһůůĸоסСݣëȻĸо֮ˡ
ǱߣǱ߷ɾͿˣٿһԲԵطСݵȻָķȷԲߣҲǺ
˵ķ÷ɽٶǰɡ
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лɵĶˣ侯˵
Сһ˵ôܣûлɵħްǴû
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ôһӰСͻȻָұߵķ
Ҳͬˡ
һֻ״ĶֻǴ˺ܶ౶ӦٱɶʱĶ򣬷ִû졣
俴ʮף뻹ؼ٣۾һնɽͳ˳ȥ
꣡
ͻȻһѪ
һмѪ
ŷɽصڷ϶ӣܿ񱻿˼飬档
һΣ㶨ˡ
ʬħ棬½ħޣǶϵڱʳһ
Сݵɴ۾ݵؿŰ䡣
ôķħޣûпģһǳû뵽һӾ͸㶨ˡ
һҹķУֻͬķ񣬶ɵظ㶨ˡ
ˣ˱˯Сݣ·
ʼʱСݾȻ·ˣһʱ䣬һСϪСݲȻָ·ðȥ
Լӿٶȡ
ڰʱǰһ߸ߵʯǽǺʹȺիһʯǽɽˡ
ǿʲôʯǽָգ
ܿвտ
ˣ˹ˣ
ʲôˣҪô죿
ͬţɱ
ܿʯǽϵ
ʯǽϵ󹭼ִļ֧ա
ţһ£
תһ䣬Ͷ˷ɼ
һ̣һѷɽȥǸϱնˡ
ʯǽϵ˶һ
ãеϮ
ղŻֻǴɱһ̬ȣڱɱˣǾǲ۲۵ĵϮˡøˡ
Ѿʱʯǽĵǰˡ



298 ޳

ʲôˣִ߽ŵؿŰ䡣
ղʦڰ£ֻǱһƾ͸ˣоĿ¡
߹ȥһ
ڶð䶯ܴ򵹵ġ
˿һĻӵĺ¡
ǳŽŰ䡣
øĺ׳Լĵ
СݳԼĽǡ
ǻûнСݵͱĵڵϡ
ʯǽϵ˶ˣʣǸӵˡ
ؿߣ¶Ȼ
һ߹ȥ
ҪɵˣôΪߵʦֶڵˣﻹĶ֡
С˹ȥŵæ·
ͻȻ˸ˣ˫뿪˵档

ĺ洫졣ʵش𣬲Ȼɱ㡣
áٽˣæӦ
˵ʱʯǽϰٸ
ͷһ£һʵǰԯһ߽졣һƯŮӣ
˵֪ģҲûֱɷ²˼ȥˣûл
񣿡һ¡
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ǰҪѧǵĹ˹׺ѧȥȥˡ
Ķȥ񣿡
һȥȥͲ֪ˣֻдϺ֪
Ǹԯһȥģһ뵽Ͳ
Сʱ˹˵񣬶ǳȥħ棬ɱħޣȡħ޵ѪǣħˣЩǵô
ͷħ֣Ҫ磬óȥˡ
ȥˣԤƶû
ո꣬һӰʯǽ
һƣȻΪ
һӿǹϡΪ󾳻һ·Ҫߡ
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ȺիȫŮӣֻдӷҹġ
ĳϣңҡϵ˺
ĳ϶԰ȵ
Сڰŵ˵˵ĳȻΪûϸߣıȴǷǳߵģҪСġ
ĳŮһ£ǴȺիģ
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ʱѾˣΧס˰䡣
ԯ׺ԯ˺ȻС
㣡ԯ׺ԯ￴䣬һ£û뵽侹ȻԴˡ
ԯԯﳤϣû뵽һɡӵģðȻɽɱ䣡һЦһϵ˵Ĳӡ
ԯ״ʱģȴǰôġ˴Դҵط
ߣ䣬Ϊɽ̩ɽɽڶ࣬ȥ޻ˡ˭Դ㵽ɽϣɽĲɽĳУԯ׺޺޵˵
Ļڶڴԯ׼ˡ
󾳵ľֻԯߵҲĳˡ
һӸоѹˡ
󾳵ԯ׺ԯ˻˵ģֻ¶ûл
԰Ҫȫʢʱ󾳣ѹСˡ
̩ɽӼţһһܴҲȥ
䱳СȴǱĻһ
ҪǰɽôɽϴȺիȥⲻôȺի鷳
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ԯ׵˵ע⡣ţ㡣ԯƺʶСݣüͷ
ĳϡ
ĳϴʱ΢ͷ֪Ϊʲô
оʱԯѾϳСݣĳ˵СҲǱƭġ˵
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ǵĻһЩŹ֣ЩƺܿСݣرĳϡ
ڲǿЩʱѾʼΧ˹
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ȻɽͲٽȥ³Ӿɺޣһɣԯ׺һ
ϵƹ޷ԶǰһĽ˳
ԯĳϴ߳˹
һѷɽɳȥ򣬺սһ
˴ܣꡣ
ǴһΧ˶ܵ˰ྡྷ˺˲ˣڵ
ԯΧԽԽһʱûռˣȴԶСݣܵ˺
䣬ƺЩ𶯣ðеһ˿֡
ԯȴֻ䣬ûע⵽Щ
˺һħð˲ħ޵Ӱԯ׵˵ע⡣
ˣˣħ޳ˣ˺
ԯ׺ԯ˶һۣҧҧ˾˵ɱ˰䣬Ȼֿħ޳
ǵıԿħ޳ˣǶص顣غɽ档
£ǻǾҪɱ˰˵
䵹ǲ£ǲһ
һʯǽһζһ¡
ħ޿ʼײʯǽϣӱħƺҪԴʯǽײˡ
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ħޱɱ˼ͷ֮󣬿ʼ
߲ûԯ׵õˣһûû˵ĸо
ħ޿ҪԯԵż
ѾǼӽˣǸоϴμʱһˡ
ûϴǺͰʱŽ𵤶㣬ڰѾǽˣ˲١
ʱħѾˣʼսһ
ϣȥ󣡡ĳָӵ
ԯΪ˵Ȩ󡣵Ͱĳ̫ˡһӷɽ󾳣ڰĺжⲻ˵ˡȻҪеɱ˰䡣
ĳϸӵ侲֪ʱܰ˶ѹڰϡǷֳ˴ϡ
һ£˳ȥ
ʱһѽ˳ȥҪ˳սȦȴǲüˡ
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ĳϿ˰˼ɺ޺޵ҧһ
ʱħҧӣزҽһ䵽ԯ˵ͬһ
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Ƿ֣ǺͰ治
ѷڿеķɽһϵķɽúܻ
ղһֱûлᣬ۵Լˡ
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ĳϿԯףҪ
ԯ׿˿Ѿʯǽħޣһħ޳ǳ࣬ܺƽȣҪһ֣ͻɸʧ
ε˵Сȥ˰ͷɽץðͷԯ೤ϸǺ汣
ͷɽ
ԯָһ棬˵ȥϷɽɽϵǰ׵ģԽаͷɽ
һͷãҪƭң֪
˵󣬰һգȻվ
ԯ׺ĳҲֿˣʱ򲻺Ͱϻħ޳ȥҪǵĵӾͻ༸˱ħ޸ˡ
ϷɽСݷȥ
֪ͷɽ𣿡һʵ
Сݵͷ
ŷɽȥĳ̧ͷһĻһ漴ҪСݣ
СѾԶ˳ȥ
ĳϵ仰е֡
ĳ϶ر𰡣
СϾ췴ر𡭡˵ƺеֵֹģԯһ
СҲ˵Ҳû˵ȥ
ͷһ£ħ޳ڷʯǽ֮ϡ
Ǻһ㣬˿˶ͷƤ顣
ħ汻ɱ˺󣬵˵ϣͱħ޸ֶʳ֮ǳĲ̡
ܿ창Ϸȥ
һʱ֮󣬰俴һɽǰ׵ģǰͷɽ
ֻǵѪζħڻ
ħħ붯ˡ
۾ã˾ͽҡС˵
Сݵһͷͷŵ꣬;иˡ
俴ȥˡ
һһôһµ
£֦ˢ³һһӾϳԯࡣ
Žնһ֮󣬾ͱһֻħҧס˴ȣ˸˳ȥ
ȥһɳΧʮֻħ޶նס
Сߵ˿ҪԯߣʵҸʹ죬
ԯ￴˰䣬ҲǷǳĲ˼飬ɴ۾
ǣĻ۾ﱩϣ



299 ˡ

㣬Ҽԯһ˵һѪҺ
ؿ
һ𣬴ӦңҾ͸㡭
á
Ȼ֪Ļĵģǰʱľݣֻܼϣˡ
һ£ȴ˾ҵĿԣҲ˵ˡ
еˣԯָ֣һ
俴˿ȱ壬ڿٵʧ˵һ̰ɡ
ԯһһͷ
һɳԯĲĨһ£ѪѪҺ˰ȥɼϵѪÿˡ
СݿһĻŵŰֱۡ
俴ԯϾˣΪ˲屻ħ޳ˣһŵϡ
ߡСǰȥ
˳ԯָķһ·Ȼϵĺۼкܶ㼣ǻǱҵһЩ˿һ·ǰѹȥħԽԽࡣ
ڰķɽ£ܿһֻħ޾ͱ֫ˡ
ԽǰߣħԽԽ࣬ðǰٶѶȣȻûΣգٶˡ
С˷ɽǰȥ
ǰһξ룬ͻȻ˴޳ɰѰ˸һ
ﻹ޳ģеħޣƺмĵطȥ
һŨŨѪζԶ
ٷһֻеħޣǸǷе档Χмһطת˰е࣬תͷɹ
¸㶨еķħޣ̧ͷ˿죬һţħ޵ĵϿա
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Ҫɽٲɣ
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ӵѾճѪ̲ǱƵطѾһʱˡ
ܺ񣬿ʱûΣա
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֪ԯҪ˫ˣʲôʱ򱼷ŵⶫˣ
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䰵һͷ
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һУǵù͸ˣ
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˼˽ȵİ취Ȼ޽⡣
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ʱŰԯſùСˣû뵽ղŲŮˡ
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ǰѾ˺ħʬɽˡ
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˶ûֱĻһ߳ȥڰѷɽڻ£˶µس嵽ɽ¶
ħٳɱ˺Լɽ¡
ʱ˹תʵΪʲôһμ棬ҵĸоܲͬ
ƽǿ׸
ôһ˵ָоǿˣû֮ǰı䣬Ҳ崿ĸоڵĺߣûˣʧˡ
ǰֿģΪԴ۾￴ԭӰӣƭ˰ġ
˵ղ˵ɽԷɽ죬㲻⣬ҵٶȺܿ죬зɽ
˵˼άˣЦؿ
ˣˣȷʵˣеͷ˵
ƺȵľ仰۾ͻȻһϲ



300 һ

ţһ壬С°һʮ˵
伤϶˻
û
ԴӴԽһֱǸ嵲ǿ˵Ĺʦ㣬ʱҪȥΪʦ㱨ʱѰʦ㡣
ǰΣǲʦ㡣
ѹˣʦ㣬Ǹҹ˼ţ
ôˣˣڴԽ۸ôΣߵ
һô˵粻ǰļѹˣԭļ仹ţ
㻹ļ䣿Ծʡ
ͷǵȻͬ壬Ȼȥˣ
ǣָЩȷ
۾¶ãҲ֪Ҿһ磬ɽļ䡣Ҿɽ飬ļڿܾ磬Ҳ顣Ҳ˵Ľϡ
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ͷ˵ͨ
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ħޣæֻùħǧ֫ٽ⣬ͲƤˡ
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Сݣ磬ԯ˶۵õ˵ϡ
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ԯӸղϳ˰֮󣬾ͱʵһˡ
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ʵһоǿҵľС
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ⲻһµı飬һ¡
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ΪǰİڵţľȻܿͷԯˡΪֻװɵװ֪
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ɽ˫֮ȴʲôҲǶ˫޵оͣһСĳ̶ϡΪ˫ǰҪŮͬĹͬӵ档
ԣԯȻɹƭˣȴҪ꣬꣬ܵ¯
ʱ䣬ԼΪʵ
ԯǲ֪ѾǵıΪҪûз֣ҪΪ˲Ϊɽɣ԰Ϊɽס
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ҪһǿɾΣˡһ
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ף԰Сݺ
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ڸ߿һ£ĲǴȺիġ
ʯǽ棬Ҳͬһħ޵ʬ塣Ҳһħ޳
˭
Ϯ
죡
ֻʯǽϵ˶󹭣ſ
亰ߴ·ˣˡ
æתͷһ߷ȥˡ
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ǰԴߣôܴˣСҲ֡
һ˵һ߸ָ·
·һʶ˵ϵĵͺ󣬲ȷϳġ
ҾãԴܹŹ֣ӦһСռ䣬һĿռ䡣˵Ȼ޳ȴһһôҡ
ԣΪ٣ʹˣҲʹķˡ
˵
ͷСһ붮
ַ˰죬֮ǰ˴Ⱥի
Ǳʯǽϵ˷ˣɾк
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Сնɱôħޣ϶ħѪȴһ¶ûС
ͳǲǺСݶ·ǳģæʵ
ʦʦöܺµص˵ͷ
Сݿ鶼ˡ
²Ҷˣ



301 Сݸס

ȴǺСĲһ
سǿ˰ʱǶܹϲ䣬Ӹ˳
ûһҪСݵ˼
ǰŰȥϴ裬ϴȥһѪۡ
ְ˴밽ˡ
ҲȥˣСݲҲˣôͲȥðɫˡ
ϻҪĵҩء
ֺð䣬õѡˡ
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سæ˵ôأ˰ɣ
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ƺѾҪһ㡣
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ΪʲôҲңҪҽҩʵ
ͷû˵
ߣس϶԰ݺݵصţѾ˽
ӲҪܰģҪնɱ
䲻ˣжĳ𣿡
ɱԯ࣬ҵ𣡡سϺߵ
ΪʲôҪСݲˣ
ʱӵ߽ˣֱԯףԯǸĳϡ
ͣʱҪ䡣
ƺ͵棬׼ҪΧ䡣
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ԯﱻһ˵÷Ӧ
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303 Լ

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306 á

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307 ½

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308 ˶Ի

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Ҳвǲ𣿡
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309 

˵˼طϴȥǵ峤޸ɲ
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ͽɱȴ֪ŵɱġҲԵҲڲˡ



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311 ϱ֮ս

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Ǹղȴûгȥһ
µı仯ѾǺˣǱȴǷǳȡ
ӡȵʲôطɡ˵
۾ɴˡ
ɽӡȥǹԶģ
ʱ᰽ˣ߹ȥ֣˹ᵽȥȫĴϣ
ϣ
ǣ
شˣħҪŵҪĴϣȻڳ֮󣬿ʱ͹ȥ
뷨ǹ󵨵ģ
Ĵָ
ͦһظ˵ǵȻⲻȫͳһҾ;òˬ
һαסˡ
һؼ䣬Ҫͳһȫ
ħâǣȥ˶
˼죬Ԩսʼˡ
Ͼһεϣ֯˴ıսʼˡ
ս죬ȴΪڵıԱΪģ֣ȴ
һֱʤսԽԽսúܳ
ʱһ̩ɽĽ´ˡ
ùһȺͽ̵ܲʥ⣬Ӧȥлǡ
һʥսˡ
ʥսսʿͽԸ롣
ǣϾսʿЩ⶯ˡ
ȶʿһ˶ʮʿΪģǰá
Ǹطʲôãֵʵ
һЦóһʲô
һɳ©һĶ
ŵȴһӡţǹⱻ˵֡
ûⶫʲôá
ʶ̽˽ȥȻ֣һռ䡣
ʱһսŵͽĬ¾
䷢֣ͽػȥ
Ҳ̫ˡ
˵Ҳ
һͿûǹȥͿȥռǸطˡ
û뵽ܷ֣ٴΪĴָ
ϾսϣΪͽĳ룬Ԩһѹס㡣
ˡ



312 淴

Ʋãϳ˻ȥ
˳֮ϡ
һ߸䴵߷磬㲻Ҳܳıǲǡ
ڰıһ飬ϱԨѹŴˣⲻ۸
ǽҲҪһʵ۵飬Բԣ
߿ʱҲ̩ɽˡ
ϾĴս˧սȷ棬ԪԳǰ棬˵Ԩѹˡ
ںˣΪĽı
˲ٱǱ˶ʮҲ˽ǵ鰡
ԨҲܸˡΪܳıҲܳԨı
ΪǰµģаŮµġ
ȻϷĿȶˡ
ǣۻǸоһʲôֽš
̩ɽҪðһЩ
ҪϼŶȡһЩ̣ڽж
ԣҰ߿࣬ȴŰЩʱı
ʱعһγԴˡ
Ҫ鱨˽һĸַչ֪Ѿһƿʱˡ
ʹһʧɡع㿴ƣ˵
䵭˵ҪԨ£Ǿа
ع㵭ؿ˰һۣ˵СһǵĹˣ˲ջ󰡣ǼӽǵӪ˰
Ȼ˵ƽ۾»һЩŭ
ǷڷĹһΪߣΪԴṩ˲
ڱǵ棬˲ٵĺ֡
Ҫջߣǻ׵顣ֻҪó鵤Ϳ԰һᶨĹߵĸ£
ȻģͰûйϵ
һ°䶼ûУˡ
Ȼ£ǰȻҪԼˡ
ԸġһѧǵһҲѧ书ûʲôõġ֡
ù书һ룬ʲôõģͻȻȤعʵԴﲻһֱڴħħкˣǲһЩңΣ
عؿһۣ
һعԿΪǽһ
ܵ۷ˣ
԰ôħһһ֡
ȼ۽óٵħˣܻһ
൱ʮħˣһš
о̫ˡ
ֻ»˶٣
ѧձ鹦˽ȥͿԶЩħˡ
ƺһð취
һǶѧϰһһ
عһ㶡
һǰ£µƽȣ
عߺ޵ص˰һۣ»ò֮ƻСӡ
Ȼ̸̸ˡ
̸һٺһƣɽˡ
СӣɲҪֽţ֪ҪֽţʱҲҪˡˣǿɲԸ⿴ٶֽšԨҪɵۣ
˼ңһǵһΪþĸְɡ
˵һ֮󣬾û˵ˡ
˼ˡ
ﻻԱȱҪΪöࡣ
ôǵϵÿˡҵϣվߡ
ϵع뷴԰䶼ɡ
ƻСӣȣ
ļ죬Ԩȥ˳ɱϳ
̫ˣһܾʹ˻ᣬ¡
һ˳µسΪԭµˣ
㡭ǲǶҰүʲôӣϲѶŮˣȴɫһף뵽ʲôµ顣
ѯʣûиڻش
գգۡͻȻ뵽һܹؼˡ
ѾϹᣬȥˡ
ҪѵһϢȥϣײҪܻ
вõԤУ㴫ϢˣֻҲˡ
ڰ˽Ĺ
ȥ̵ġ
ʺ
ԨԴɱ˽
ʺĵЩ⡣
֪˹磬ȴ֪ԭĴ¶Ůңصġ
ѹʺĸҡ
Ȼ˾֣ȴ֪ھԵǰԼʲôҲûõġ
ǣѹ֮ʣ˵һ䣺Ҳ̫ˣӰҺʹ˵ȥ
˷ɽ˳ǳϣʿ췴˲ɡȥãȻôй䣡ĸǵҲǲǣ
˰գһ󣬶ŵնȥ
䣡
һʿǰ˳
涼ˡ
ʿǶסˣһ֮סˡ
ʿͽʼˣöȥˡ
Ԩ׼ģҲͽǱȥˣʿ棬Ѿͽ
ǣĴ棬ҲŴͽ
ʱһ飬ǳʮ
ʮһӱֻʣʮ
ˣؾҪˡ
緢һ֮󣬾ͽ˹ȥˣƺ̵ֻġ
洫Ϣ֪ŮǶ
ûʺúдȻԼԳȥѲõľ֣
ǱԨѾͽһʱʶˡҪ˵ʱȴˡ
ˮˣԨȥ··ԨһҶΧ뽭ԶС
һӷˣƵԨڱ˱Χڳ
ȻʱȥΧһ£ʳͳԹˣˮȹˣܰԨˡ
֡
ʮӶʮ˰
˽ΧסСڣǲԨ
ס˻ʹȻ֪̩ɽع֮
īЦЩɵ˶ˡ
һڵľƣ֪ǰĹ
ʲô˼Ԩһƽˣı
ǵͿڴˣǵңǲǣ
Сӣҿ㵨ԽԽˣ
̣ѾΪµһˡԺֻ۲ָˣ
Сӡ
һţѾǽĲ۷ѹסһΪš
ҪңҲǸʵֻǽȥ̵ضѡҪңԼȥ䶢˵
űѹô룬ſˣţΪʵңﻹǿعڣǺò𣿡
õ¡һɱ㡣аЦһȥռõĵֻ̡ҪѡǵȴǸǵ˹ܡһҲΪǵסԣһ̣һôȻ͸ǲǡ벻Ҫ
ҪԴҪˡ
ҪǲͬĶȴ
һأҲõô
Һ˶һۣƺûһͲúͰָˡ
ҲáˣģֻҪϷǸ뵺ȷʵҪˣع˵ˡ



313 ϱơ

ʲô˼ݺһ£ع
Щŭ˵˵ǹغǵԭĴ㡭
عðİ취һţ۷Ϊѹݺҡ
ݺһɫס
˶ɫЩÿ
ѹ˰
Ʊǿ
ǲòϣعΪҪͻˡⶼڰĵҩ
ںͰ֣Ҳǲܵġ
ϷڵҪǰܴϷ뵺϶ЩأܶץЩˣǵˡϱսһ˸ֻʣ󾳡˭Ը⣿
عַϥϣ󵶽𵶵ɽ󾳣պòǵĿȱȻŴʱһȱϯġ
ɽ
һⲻѰ
Ҫѹƽȵģһ
һˣ̫Ѱˡ
ǰȥȻӣģع͸¶˵Ϣ
ٴεһ
ɽĸˣ죬һ졣ʵ
ڹֻعܵǡ
֮ǰѹɽһ˵ȵˡ
ʣµҲô챻ɱ
һ룬µʵ͸ǰˡ
ʵİ䣬ǲǣ
ǿûɽǿһָͷġ
˶û˵Ȼ֪䲻ˣˣȴһ̫ûˡ
ҪҪǽħˡǾΣع
ɹذѻתƵˡ
һ£ż֮ǰĲ죬ʼˡ
ǵ˵ͷǶܿ
һ˿ʼħĽ
һƣͬ
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ֻаҪڽֵϷˣЦ˵
˰µΧǣСԨǣʳѾǳԹˣˮǰ챻ɶ˶ˮܺˣԨǿʼˡ
ȥð£˾Ҫˡ
ԪҪɱȥ
ͰԪԸˣʼ˺ĹԪţҲֻһ˸
Ԫֻһˣʮľ࿹
ܳҲûá
һӻʹŷɽ˳
ֱӷɵС֮У˳¥ϣЩʿŵЩ
һǴŮˣ
̵Ľĸ
Ҫϵͽóһװŵӣ˳ǽϣȻˡ
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Ԫ˳˵ӡ
ʲôãղ˵ϵͽֵ˵
ɣѾȴҲһˮӣȶ˫ֺʮһǣϵ˫ȴǺ棬ϡ
Ԩ˿ҲŴ
񿴳ˣҲæȥ
ԪԶЩŶӵʿӣǵʱ
ͣ⣬Ҳ󵼽ȥ
찡ֻҪɹǾͲˣͿԳԵˣ
ʿʱûеڶѡˣ
ҲʿҵǾԵķӡ
ʱ۾ʵĵأ
ҲáԪԺܹ˵
ֵؿ
нˡûͨʳҲһֱơԪԺֺ˵˵
һɵɵȻϵر۾ʼˡ
ԪԵ˵Ȼеţͷ棬ôҲһֻҪױͷա
ļ˵ʹó˶ܿؽ״̬
ԪԿǵ˶Ĭ֮УԼһҲû˼ҶҲˣ˳ţ˳ȥ漴ְѳŸϡ
һ
˵棬Ԫԣͣסˡ
Ԫʮû취
ʮԪҲû취ԪһسţĪ˭Ҳš
ȥÿˡ
ǿǲĲͬϷ˵û棡
Ԫ߳ȥ˺ܾãҪȥһǳʳ
ǽҲԽȥһո˵ߵﶼǺߵ
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⡭
갡ѵӪ˲ɣҽܵ÷ˣ
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ԪԺŲٵʿвͽġ
һȻԪԣǷ²
ԼŪˣ
ŷ²ȫҶ²ҳԵģԪֱʹ
ӲˣֲǹӪֲǷ²ģ
ܺ棬˼ʿסˣǸ⣡
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ΧóԷôںˣȻһԡ
ո߾ǲһҲ
Ҵˣ
׼øһķܿ챻һˣһȫͣӡ
ʱһͱͱһֽ
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ԪԳ֮øӿ£ҲǸӵؿ¡
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Ķӻ͵ļ⣬ѶӸ˿
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˵ⶫֻҪһСĨܶʮͷţôһԪԳȥȻһ¶ûУˡ
ûзŶˡ
ֻһֻһǸףˡ
óӰɣͬʱҲ˶ԪԵ֮
ҩȥˣٲоͳԵ
ʱӸºҩûԪԶȥԪԴ˸ãóӺͽˡ
Чˣ
ˮԪʮغ
ӿһ½ͷˮãˮװѶȫ
ȻˮҲŶ
ҩŵˮ
һ׵ˮԪԹغȥ
һ֮󣬻ҪȥˮҽҪҩ
ɫܺڣԼֲҩ׼ô綾ҩ
ǳֻ׼ûжˮˡ
ԪԺ˺ü׵ˮϿʼ
Ǵҩζġ
ε˵ϣһӱɺɫģҶҲʼˡ
ûãΧʮȫǺɫء
һƥ߹ҧһڲݣû룬˵һˣ
ʿȫˡ



314 ơ

ԪԳԵñػȥˡ
ʮ׺ڵء
κ߹ȥˣᱻ޹ΣĲݣͻᱻ
æﻮΪء
ԪԻСǣĳţĴԼˡ
һ£ղû˹ţ
ˣʿǶϵ
ʿҲһʲôղųȫģȫԲѴ֮سȥ
һʱ䣬Ķˣ
Уŷ紵һֺˬ顣
رǴųķ硣
ŷɽ䵽˳ԱһӪ
Ǵʿ׼ŹĴ
˸ҹȥһˣȫܰԵض˵
۾ˣ˵ҰүиܵܶΧǱߣƾʲôȥȣ
ǲ˵󣬾ͷˣ·ۡ
Ȼû˵ˣٹˡ
Ĵֻȴһֱ׼ƺһвõĵطܱ֤ȫϹ
ʱ䣬ǵ˶Ϊϵͽ
ڳǽϵӣͻȻ˹â
˳ǽϣؿ˿ӡ
ȻֻҪ㹻ͻᷢ⣬֮ɢ
Ԩе鷿֮У򵥵̸
̸ݺܼ򵥣˻سȥٴԺűҪͳһĶ̵ֽҡ
ȻҲ̵ĺö׵ʳˮȽ̵Ĺ£Ա֤Ĺµİնѱ
ԨڶҪˣʱȻǴӦˡ
û⣬˵뿪
ص˻ʹͻʺڶ˼ű˼ҲɹسΪͽ֮һ
Ҫ£ֻεطԨ
ڳ԰ɹؽӵԨ˼ˡ
ԨѾ˳һΣ
һߴˣ˳
ºƳԨǵۣ
Թ֮˵ۣٴλص̩ɽȥ
Щˡ
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һ£µʿ壬嶼оһϢ
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Ե罻󣬰ʵ۽˽棬顣
ǣֻ˵ĽԨʹˡ
쵰ȻҵĽɽԵ𣿡ԨĲӣ
ԨӲıӣͬҲҲǺöȻΧ˳²ҳԶҵˮ¶㡭ôȹ֪𣿡
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Ԩˡ
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˴̵֫壬ܿæòֺ
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һԱ߿ã絽ˣǶ˼ȥˡ
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ϱҪͳһʹֽңҪǮ
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Ӧģ̵ĶԺֻֽҲܻӡ
ΪʲôֻõӣҪֹ֮󣬲֪û
ǹڵؽ⡣
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һ⣬һ⡣
϶ظǣ̲ȥǵΣ̡
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ΪǵĹأס˿ڣҪϽ˰ιܣ˵㡣
һˣ̲ͼ
ҪҪµĻǻԨ
Դˣֻܵͷ
Ҷ⡣
绹ʾһ£ۺݣʽΪ֮ޡ



315

лͳֻһ޶檡
Ϊһ̵Ľ檣Ρ
ǶǹҪ檣ʵ޹
ޣ϶˹⡣
ҲԺ̩ɽˡ
Դϲ
оԼǲһȦˣԴϲûķݡ
ʲô˼ȻŮˣôõ飿
Ҳš
Ҹ˰
ǣŮƽķʱ֪ⲻǼٵġ
ʦ㣬ʲô˼ں棬Сŵʵ
ޱ˵ôǲĶ
ֻһŵ˵
һЦ˵ôΪ㵱ͨΪҲһƿˣǿ԰ȹء
һ㶣ʲô˼
û˵ֱӰƽ˽ķ
ۺݶ·ϲĺɫСģ¶ԲԲС꣬ǳˡ
ǸҰԵŮսƤⶼǽģСɫƤǳÿ
ݾˮһۣƤһͿˮ֣ȫ޹һ㣬ޱȡ
һһͬʱڰǰ趯
ȻȴɬԿ˲ˡ
ĳħ赸֪ʲôˡ
ȻֹרΪ׼¯
ͬʱǲ˺ŮԸĹ
绹ࡣ
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֮ճһ׵ơ
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ǰͻɹˣ
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׵ˡ
ͷ׵羭еģֻʣĳɣӭȥһӵˡ
ʮ׵磬ʧˡ
һӰ쵽Ķ
ڶϣû˶ǰҲûг
֮ݺ۲Ŵ˳
˶һСɵķɽϣӽĴŷɳֱ񷣬ֵЦ̩ɽϡ
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˻һ󣬾Ťվǰ
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ڴУ˽𵤵Ĳ㣬˵ƺϳһ塣˵
ŮԪĶ幦£治ǳһӳ˽Ĳ㣬һӶ˲ٿռ䣬ҵˢžΪϳȥ
ҪƽڣﵽԪӤˡ
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֮ǰ˲һΪҪ㻹Զˡ
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ͨڰĽӴǸо˰һ㣬ʵǴ
ԼҲȥȥˡ
ලʱҲڼӽԼ
ͷһҪʵֵĿ꣬ҪǲʵֵĻһҲƽ
Ԩ뿪̩ɽʾԭϱ˺ƽʱڡ
ʵۣԼĵϸţԺԭ½ϣ뾭սս
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ֽǻȡҩҪʵǮ
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Ϊ̵žԵʵ
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˵׵ģԪԷģҲһͬҲܽ档
ȥϷ뵺ĹԱܹջռǵ͵̩ɽ
ԨеˣôһƬ̸㣬ۺˡ
ľʮڣϷŰڣһ޴Ĳ࣬Ԩһӡ
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318 ռָ

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320 ˡ

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321 ӡ

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ǵĵĳǵע⣬ȴûй䡣
ڵΪҲǹ
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ڵΪԸһƬء
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322

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ɽԽ룬̶ӣǰжǰŷȥˡ
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ЩͼҲҲ·ˡ
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һ창䱻˻ȥˡ
ڷޣ˵ӰӣЩ˷ܵ˵
䲻˼˵Ļкܶ



323 ɳĮϵ

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ͬʱҲܵµһġƺĳһ
һṩԴԴϵһطЩûȥȻһڼӿ



324 

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֮Ȼشʼͬʱ֮С
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µʱ䣬ںϣ˽һһĳɹһɺ뿪˷ޣ



325 ȫ

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ķֲŵ÷ǳԶģ̩֡ɽһãľظԭѩɽϵһá
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ŷǱһη˾޴๥ս飬ȥʵߵĽͽȥûбãˡ
µȥһˡ
ֻѾ׼ˣֱӴ͵˰Ƥսϣֻµĺ
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ͻȻԱߵĺһУ˶ܿһֻ޴̳ս
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ƿķš

һţ俴ٶ˵ĶϰŸϡ
ðɣֻǹţûԼ档
ǹ档
˴Ӹ鵽ΣѾһͬĵز壬Ҳûʲôġ
粻֪ܲҪ
ðɣ⻹ҪġԿǹġ
Ҳûк֮⣬óһ飬ݸ䡣
ѧѧҪ̫ˡ
Ȼ˵÷Ƶȴסһ
ҿ俴һƤ֪Ȿ飬Ѿˡ
һ飬˫֮
ڰġ
а
ҪܸߣһԪӤڵĴӲ
ԪӤڶǺϵŮ˺òãʲôӡȻԪӤںȥġҲֻǻѡ
԰
㣬ԪӤˣ䶢ʵ
һͷ
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˵̫ˣ˼֡
㲻˼ѩ׵˰䡣
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һֵǧing
ϸ˫ҪΪЧǳǿ󣬰˫֮˵ʵһ֮ڽɿ죬䵽龳ڣҲ龳
׼˺ܶʯһ
˴һռų̩ɽ֮ϡ
ͨɽ֮š
ĳ˾ŵһߣǿ󣬵˭۸Լˣ͵һ
ǰһʱ
꡿

걾ˣ˵ʲô
óϣⱾдúʧܡ
ʧܣҲܸõ߳һдһ
ʧܣԲܶˣǻǶұкܴϣڴдˡ
ԲԼΪҶԼϣڴҵĿҪȥɣǵˣĿʱֳˡ
ÿһο飬ӹ˼дͷ飬Ѫġû˭ΪԽдԽҡӰкܶԭ򣬶һ飬һȫˡ⽫Ժ۸õľ顣
ѾƽȷضԴʧܡ˵ţ˵˵ʧעģҪߵһ͸˵ֻ֣󲨣ҾһѾһˣܾͲˡ
˵Լд飬ü˰ɣʱ乻ģû˵
08죬˻ῪĻʱϣҸһϵƳҡһʱ䣬09꿪ʼĽ磬д˵һС˵ǧٶȡʱõıʱһõԡһһעQQһʡһä򡣶һ֪֪Ϳʼдˡ
һǧٶȡʮֲǩԼһ걾Ȿˣԭ򲻱
ڶҰŮʡʮ֡ǳɼǺܲѾʼԼھĲϵĶ̰ˡ
ƵĴ١ǰһֱߵãΪʷˣһӿһϲûжĽΪֵзǳǿǳɼһɫһ㣬ǰ鷸ĴҲԽԽ
ڵıڿʱ򣬾ѾڲϿʼ¹ҲҪдһֱڹǹ򲻹ⷽǿӲˣϻûԲͬʱֶԶߵĶеĺԣʹⱾĿɶԲ˷ָ
ϣŮⱾܲڳֲֵʱ򣬾ȴǺܶġջܶࡣ
ҾҪһʧܣѣ֪С˵Ӧһߡ
ӣһһд
ΪʲôⱾ⣬ΪⱾûмȥıҪҪдһд˰֣ӡ
6µף7³
2014.5.28
ȫ꡿
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