
==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================

ߣ

ݼ飺
ʷоԽƸ䣬Ϊ̷ľͷԺͶԡ顷ľУһ֧ʣƽֱϴԩ永ǿߵǬӵŮ뻳Цٵ 
ʶߣ 
ŪȨ 
ֱ 
ʹۡ


1 Ī޻֦
ȰĪϧ£
Ȱϧʱ
лֱۣ
Ī޻֦
ϡ¡
紺£ﻹŨŨ⣬ݳ⣬̤οͣҲ洺磬ɽˮ£ʫݾƷŸˡ
ǰҶ⴩ԽƳ˿һװرܿˣֱ߹
һʷרҵоͨ˾ԣҵһʦʦɵ÷ˮʱһ⣬㱻ʱ͵Ƴ
ʱľ֣ԹŴľ棬ͶδãȻ֮ڽҲ취ԼǴԽ˴Ƴڽϵݳ⡣һͶ̶̵ͷüм˶һҽǣڳҸʲôطŪһ·
߹֣һɽ£㿴˼˼ңһҵǽԺﻹɹż״ֲ·
һϲҿûˣǻ˼ҵķҲǽŵġԼװ¿㣬˽ȥ¼ȡһ·һͷ޷һ˫ģԼװ㻹ƤЬ棬ǽˡ
װƤЬɶڵƷװҶʦΪ˳棬󰸵õĴѼµģһ״ֲǿѪˣҲûа취Կ׬˰ɣֻοԼ
֮ǰѾͿ·ڴж˿Ƿţ׼ȥٴϡҪ뿪ͻȻһվסˣֵԺſڡʱûзǽԺԱߣһѣ˿̣һ˶ĶȮݺݵضԼŵ¶ɭɭݡ
ѹ˲Ҫ˿ңԭһȮ
Ҷ亹ˣ£Сüܴ˲ɴûܣȮɭɭݣһļ£ûʲôӿԿǣҪǶԸˣǿΪ
ҶǹɫֹιҿɲϺϵ·Ǽ˵Ĵֲ·Ǽ˿ռ˴˵ġҧʶŶ
ȮЩֻǶݺݶһ˹
ҶͷȻ˵ΪҪʯͷҶװżʯͷӡȮȻһ˼ҶûܼʯͷĿ¶׹⣬һſ쳯˹
ҿҧ˵ĹУ⹷϶ģ
вܰ
Ҷת嵽ǽǰԾ𣬾ȻɵԽ˰˸ߵǽһ߳࣡
ôôߣ
ҶдžϲڴѧʱԼ꿼߿ǸոռôһԽ˸ߵǽҶ
Ҷ˲ϸ룬۽ѾȮҲɵԽǽ׷˹ȣʹ˳̵ǰɱ
оߵľɿƶԼֱҪˡ
ô£ҶǾϲƣԼɴûܹôٶȣǰ˻Ҳ˰ɣ
ܳһΣ۽һɨ֣һӱͣˣȮѾԼԶԶ˦˺档վԶƵԼ룬ôܵô죿
ҶЦָȮб׷ҰС
ȮȻֳųŵҶϽתɱһܳԶٻͷ㿴ȮѾһСڵ㣬ߣȻ֪ûϣ׷Ҷֻܷȥˡ
Ҷô£
ת˼£ǲǸԽйأѵԽзʲô죬ԼıٶȣºˣĨͣܲó
СĶǿ޷׼ͷַĸӣԺװãҪϵھͷϰսĽŽҶûд⣬Ȼ֪ôŪģ㰴±ǰ£ִϴֲװãȻߡ
·Ƭ֣˿װȮ׷ãɫ磬λһˮߣϻ𣬸ƽҷ෭ɣɳޣֻԧϷ˯һɫ£øˬʣ˽Ľˮһһõһ˸ߵĴʯͷߵݵϣеܵСԼǰװ¿ͳĶһذǰĥһЩִĶܸԼ켣Ŵʲôô
һֻֻһˣûбõأҲûеԳ䣬Ƿѵȡ˳Ժ󿴿ܲϰɡ
ǮһһмųлԱҽ֤пƬɶģǷֽ
һԿף
һ֧ǩֱʣëʱ˶ӲʸȤҲڷ
ɿǣС͵ϲǣִ˻һôһߺˡ
һܵĸߵӱƳûеӼ졣̵ģ֪ҪԽôһеҲ
һСӡ
ҶĸѾˣǼڶ¥и¥԰ϰ˺ܶȥŪ˸¥˵أЩССɶġϰָ绰˵ֵгǴֳ߲ģŲ㡣ؼҵʱһӻȥǣҶؼ֮ǰȥһũóгһСӣû뵽·һʹԽʱ͵һǧǰƳ
ʲôãֵأѵԼҪũŲءһ߰ɡ
еĶˣûʲô԰ԼģһûоɥŵСûô̫ߵûйϵûп԰ԼĶԼһԴһԽһǧ֮صĸ߿ƼʱԴҲ룿
Ѷջ˿ڴҪ뿪Ȼ˵Ц̧ͷһȴǼŮһЩѾʹӣ߹ˡ
Ŀ˱ǼһӵڵеһŮϣֻ˷䣬ߣüɨ֬ĿΣˮü仹һԵһĶˡɫƴ࣬ӯһգˮϥۣ´ҷ廨Ҁȹģ֬۵ļڷۺһ¸Եˮ󣬻͸һ㣬ཱུӣǻԸС
ȻŮϾɫҶŮˣЩľǹŮӣ̫ȤһڼΪɫ۵㡱ܸߣֻһۣĿɨˡ
ûϸѾ¡òŮȻǳϲһһվ£һɤ˵ţãǾʫˣ
ӸϽƽкãŮһ˫ٵСѾͷ˴ʯͷϥҶŮ䣬ŬŬ졣


2 һ
ŮҲҶһֲ²Ьͷ߰㣬ģȻǸũˣüѾߵߣ
ţ
˫Ѿͷ߹ȥҶι߿ûУ߿
Ҷ˷ۣ߿ƾʲôǼҵĵط
˫Ѿͷһ£ҶסˣתͷǼͣΪһ󺺵״磬ɫ
͵˹ЦӶҶСӣٲߣӿҪϿ
Ҫܣ˭˭
ҶСͲǸѧСѧѧ;ܣȺŹôûٸɹɳҲ˺üΡϵ˿ûͷʹ˺üѧУѧͣ˴ܵĻᣬҲˣ֪ĸĿˣŴ˵㣬רѧϰ˵㡣ԣҪ۴ɲȻԽƳزģ̫ǿʤ˼Ҷ۸ͷˣǿ벻̣οǰԼ͵Ȯܹˣǣ˽ŵĨ͡
˹վһ۸߳ԼͷĿ󺺣˫磬ô컯գǬǼ˹ģΪһһȻҪִˣͲ𣿡
٣ӣ˵ʲôӾ˵գǿͶݺȭͷҶȥ
ס֣ҪʲôܣһֺŮסͣԿŮӵƽ㣬̤ʫģôˣ
ҶŶһԭ⿡Ůջƣȴ֪ļҵĴС㣬˰Ե
ջƵĿŮӺһ񣬸õѵһ£ܣ
˷׳˶ͱƹնŵ椣һȭҶȥ
Ҷ֣ΪһȭĺӰƵģѵֻƣ
ҶƣһȭƴǰȭȴǺǿƺֲӣһԴ˿ȥӭƣ̧ϥǺݺݸСһ¡ͶʱɫҰףڵأһϺף㱳ȥ
ҶƣǼСƣΪҶУһȭͬЩһеǿ磬γжû֪ǿŮӸϵĻԺγǵλģм湤ȴһоſˡ
Сǲɴ󾪣һӢָҶ͵򣡴췴ӣ
߰˸ͺŷ׷׳֡
Ҷ˶ڣŵĨ͵ģǼǶղһĻú£㶨ġܿˣ϶ǸԽйأԼٶͻȻɱӣǷӦٶȻҲͳɱˣԲǶԷٶԼӦ죬Կͺһˡ
ͨ˽ڣǸˣ͸дܾ飬˿̷Ӧɱ֮󣬸ˮЩ͵ȺŹ࣬Էȭ½ǶĶȴװ÷ǳǱģﻹţˣˣˣ
֪ЩСүӦͷˣµľǱ˱ָָ˵壬װɱ۸ӡһ£οǷ׷׶˹һΧŹһׯںʶЩСģ˽ǲмͱӡ
һүСȻ̿Ůּŵˣ˻˻˼ҿʲôӡҵҪ֪ˣҲɣ
ʵǼѾҶûͷľսˣûһȭ˼ҵģÿ˶Լ˺ü£֪ׯںĶ֣ͲС仰Ͻ˻
ҶЦǿŮӣףôˣ
Щ˶ˣЩҪռˡһʱ֪ôźá
ӲĲģǳΪӢҡһſȣҡ˼£ֻЩûصӲŶ֣һ˹ģ˭㶯ֶţСӣǺˣʲô
ֵصģ׼㡣û뵽һȺвͣʺʹ죡
ҶԼ˹ˣСҲǵƤĴͷϵǣԱ߿˷רҵ˷ʷо÷Ѭ֪ؾˣȻ˷ɣ֪ˣȴûĶ١ҵֵʦ
֪ᣬʦеҪ÷ˮ𣬾͵ѧܶаһ㣬÷ҶԸˮû뵽ɵȴ⴩Խˡ
Ҷ⼸仰ǴʺģײЩӼһüŤͷ
Ӣһû㿴ˣǶˣʫ磬Ҫʫһʲô֣ҪǸʲôû˵ȥѤһ³ɺͳֱ˹ģǲصӣ
ôˣӾͲܶʺˣǿʺ
ӢñӶˣ˭ʺˣҪʫ
ʫӲʺӲʺ
ӢԴðͣӣ˵塣
ҶҡȣЦŶ죬ҡʲôȣװʲôţӻã
㡪ӢһգָҶԴð̡
ջƵŮӢһĿʶӣɶ˵ġ
ģҶЦʫʲô˲𣿶ʲô˲𣿡һʲô
ջƵŮ´һҶһ䡮һӣҲ˽ӣ
ʶֶѡȲѧ峵òȻ
Ůͼ໥һۣǿЦãҲ֪ĲòȻĺ壬ǹ⼥ǡ
ŮӢӣùǱߺˣһ̧ңңһָһߵµݵأһһҲãûбҪһӶǵ¡
ӵͷݺݵҶһۣתſŮӹȥˡǸϽϺߺߵǻԺҲҿҶŹȥˡ
Ҫû£ҶǴ뿪ˣЩƶũĹС㣬̫ͳִˣʲȥģһ̻бǡ
Щʹ㬵ڶ²ݵ̿ӣźùϹʳƱյһ·˸ղŵѿͷϵҺףٱԺ
ǳԺȣҶҲʼտ׼ǼɿóԵʱԶԶһ̧ţ϶һλӺݻüĿЦ


3 ǳˮɼ
һǼС㶼ˣˣ¿Կʫˣ
ӣȴӲӼʫͷġ
ͣ£Сǰӵ£ϡ
ǰҶ˵ߣô۾ˣ
նŵ椵ĸҶ룬ӣӦòһ˼ҵģȴ֪ʲô
һҪ죬Ҳ˵Լȿʼصҵġ
ǿɲУŮεε㲻˭УҺôҺã˭Ҳ˵˭ã
Ӣҡȣ΢ЦǰҲȾˣͿɣͷ˳⣡
ã΢Ц˿ܣҲʲô̫ѵģ̫˴ҵ̤ˡǰɫΪ⣬ʫһףһΪޣһˣڶһ㾡ܳʫߣ
кá
ߵһɵСѾߣóһľסǼӼ˶ʱĿɿڴŶôҵүɾʲôøˡֱɵˡ
˴Ц
СѾѾóһС¯ǰȡһƵ㣬ȼ˲¯΢ЦλүλʼʱˣϽɣ벻ɾҪˣ
ЩӼ˸Ͻһ˼
СѾһϣֽ̺ʣһſۣһīʼī
ע㣬Ů΢Цˣ߹ȥд
תб
ϸ谶л
ջɽɫ
ǳˮɼҡ
˵ˣ㶼ΧŹƣһ߿һд꣬ɵö̾
ҶҲˣа⣬ŮȻ裬ȴҲЩѧʫҲ仹㲻þƷȴҲЩ⾳ֻϧԼװһӵǧŵʫδƪҲʫ
ǼӼȴͶأرǳΪŵӣҡȣԴ·ʥ͵Ľһ㣬߾ֶһ飬߾֮˶Ŀһ£ҵȶѾɼƵġùȻΪݵһŮ
ǿŮӵһЦӹ㲻˵ƺӵƨǺ⡣
ӳƺΪãȴĮؽӣȻ׽ͬȴƺѾϰǿŮӵĵĮҲ⣬õʫҲ뵽һףβɡ£ߵǰΣдһ߾дԼе
½߻֦
Ļɡ
ϧҹ
Ũ顣
ʫдգǼС㶼кãֻǿŮӣֻ鵭ġӱ΢ЦʵãһʫΣ
ŮӵһȻмͷ˵ҵϴǡ
ʱļҲ½ʼдֺֻɵƺԴĽôղһףԴëûͷӬƵת
ʫδҶԴеǣСʱӳĸĸʫδʣҲʱ򱻱Ƶ̫淴ںԳ֮㲻ĸˣ˴ܶŹĻѧĸСʱʫʣڵ֮أ鵽ʱٰ
ղ˵ĸʫʤܷƵİ취ҶѾˣҲλʫһת⣬а룬һӲӼſϿӾͲǴԽˡ
椣תԼߣ㳯΢Ц֣ʾ
椲֪ҶʲôһЩӼǣΧŵЩдõʫʣûע첽ߵҶǰʲô
ղŰ˵ķϣҽһʫסˡ
ңɣˣСתҪߡ
ҶжŸӽʫ䣺
սɽ
绨㡣

ɵվסˣתһĲšϽͷһۣǼͬҡͷʫûעǣϽ첽߻أ
Ҷ΢΢һЦȸңǶЩʲôˣĸʲôģȸҡٸ㡣
æҽжŶ椣ҵ̣үүԭ̷һжŴΪʹȥѾˡ
̷йƳͨСʷͨ൱ִطԺһͨԱ
Ҷæֵ
Ŷʶүү
Ҷһ£椻ʵϣԼǿ׻ֲܵϣ㺬˵үүٺ١˵ҡȳģĹ˭
Ŷ̿Ц˳˵̱ҲͦģҲϲû˾͡
ҶǷʷоԹŴְǷǳ˽ġ⻧ܻˡվְ֮࣬Ȩڵũҵְֺܾ֣˾ֻ˾ĸְΪֳǼϸػظֳɲһ˾٣׳ƲûйƷڹеġڵ𣬶Աţʲôִûٸɲ򽻵ʡҲйģССԱǰ
ŶֵǰʹߵǸŮģлʫޣõ¼¡
¼£ְϿ൱ڽ칫ΣǼڵ칫βԶˣõ¼ҲǲģҲڡļֻϾܸ쵼һ𣬿Դɶģٻѹôţʹˡ
ҶŶ椵ʫ磬ǸϻĺĹݼѧʿӣֻǼѧʿѾڼǰˡ
ĹѧʿǲĴ٣ƳҪƷϵĲܽѧʿƷٿ൱ڵĵؼɲˡֻǸѧʵĴѧ֮ģѾȥ˼ңؼɲķˣһӶûУδɵĻëСŽзȣ
Ŷ椽ŽʣµŮҲŮŶϲЩ˶ˣùŮʲôʫ磬ʹôԺĹŮ齨ġ
˵ˣҶͷˣҽ׾ǣڷӣɳů˯ԧ죡
̫ˣлл㣡ŶüɫתҪߣҶæȵȣ
Ŷ椸Ͻתôˣ
ҶʵϣҺϲҲæٸǻʫ޺ʫʵ벻
밡밡Ŷ椼Ȼμʫ磬ûʫʵʣҪôʫҪôǴʫͽЦҲ֪ЩĲӼҪǿõ˵ͰʫˡҲǲζҶʫŷǳĺã˵ָʫеǾϲӣڿüˣæĵͷֺε


4 ɳů˯ԧ
ҶѶʫ˵ˣŶļסҪת߻ȥȴֱҶסˣ滹ҪʫĻҪҪҰæ
ȻҪȻҪлл㣡
ҶˮһŬ죬̫ۣȻҶװ˼һ˵ӱҽ㣡
Улл㣡ˣλ磬ʲô֣
ڲҵĴҶƲƲ죬Ҷ
סˣлл㣬磡˵գתҪߡ
ȵȣҶְסˣҶӶˣû˼ʫʰ
Ȼʱ򣬸óԵģ
⻹ࡣȥɣ
ǶŶ֮Ҷ˿ЩӼ˻ʫ䣬ûעߣ뿪߳ǵߣƵŽ߻صǰڽһݴ£ǱߵЩ˾ͿԼˡԼȴǵ
ҶѾˣԼԽǰʦģŴʦλܵͣ˴˾ҪȰӣǱָٽŸˣԼѧǷʷƴɷоĻҲ쵽ȥԹҷõѡڼȻ椸йϵԼҪãɲܾôŹˣҪ˼ҰæȰ˼ҵæһãһسӣ·ӡ
ֻԶļͷ˵ϾҪȼˣֻж㻹ûдҪ벻ҪŶ
һ˵ȶЦˡ
Ŷ椺ְҶղŽ̵ʫĬһ飬ҲˣдǿɱЦ
ǳӢҡȵϸһǾʫҵ׼úͶ椵ǧž䰡
ŶģĶϲ̨Ĵʫô˵ڴҵĶǰ˵٩ģ㶼Ц
Ŷ椺ݺݵһۣǰʿʼд
һҡͷԴţ
սɽ
绨㡭
ո䣬ԭųЦȴ˾㵣ҲԴˣˡЩҲһʱ䶼Щɵˡ
һԵļͷȴϲɫձǴգʫٷ硤¡ƣճٳ١һд˳ľ£ǰһǰ㸡ֳⰻȻľɫڶ䣬Ȼƽףŵһ俴ȴֳһ£䣬Ǵͳٻʢͻ㣬ǰһ㡣
ͷһǼӼɫѿҲ¶ڨЦ
ˣȴΣڨڨĲˡǻʫ޿ǰŶŶдĺе
ڷӣ
ɳů˯ԧ졣
ʫƽкãг˾ϲڶõɲƫƫ֣ǡðѴůأѩڵĳд˳ӵķɣ̬ҲǾýݵ̬ΩΩФƫƫõһΪͨķ֣ɼʫĹ򣬲ڴ壬ھ
ͷҲϲͷǰһ䣬ɳů˯ԧ죬ůԴǰĴգճڣɳȻů͵ˣԧųůů⣬⾰£
ʫ޸޵һ䣬һԧ˯һɣһһӳȤϵһֱʹԶľǺһͼȫʫԶ̹£Ȼ޼һ׿Ʒĺʫ椣ƾһʫݵһŮţõǣ簡
Ҳ׷׵ͷ̾
ǺɻŶŶ椣ʫдģ
ǰôˣҾͲдһ׺ʫ𣿡ŶһֺҲ顣
ٺ٣Ҳ˼ֻǰ
ʫ޵ǰǰڣڶʫģҾӦñΪף԰ɣͷˡ
ͷ΢ЦͷӵʫҲǺܺõˣ˵Ҳֻƽ˵椵Ҫǵĸʤһȷϴ˴áλΣ
˶̾ͷ
ɫڨڨģһףΣ
ͷ˵ż˿ףĩȻٽòͷ
ߵСѾæȡһУˣĶͭǮϸšʫԱյķǮ͸ÿʫ֮˵ģÿһһǧġ൱ǧԪ
趨ƳҸִıȼΪһͭǮԪ
ʫͷȡһᣬݸŶ椣Ĳͷٽ
ллŶֿ˻⻹ʫʫһεõ˵ͣȻҲǵһζڡǸ˾ͱˡ
ͷֵȼ֮ǰҶˣ˷ơҿĿŮϡ
ŶŵҾãӦǻƽӣƽ㵹ڶӵһ
һ˶ɵˡرǻʫޣһ죬ǰʫǵһҲǵڶûе׹ȴ˵ɵϹȥŶ椸ղƷʫѾĿ࿴Ҳô˵ĵ
ȴܲˣȴһʱ֪˵ʲôá֮£һҡʹ£䣬һֱΪԵʱҡȣ֪ˣҡǿȥ̲סһ磬һ𶯣ȶˡ
ŶһЦˣղţǸũҴˣҪҡȣܺ㲻ô˺˰ɣ
ͯϽĵ־ӡ
ֵ椹˵ҵʫĩһ£ʫʲôطãҪ󣿡
ô˵Ȼҵĵεĸʫͷ˵ˣǰɫΪ⣬԰ɣ
ǰ˵Щ
Ŷ椵ʫ壬ĻɡȻǰɫǰĻ
һ
Ĳ⣡Ҫû⣬ô붼ԣȻˣȻҪĿ˵԰ɣ
ʫˮƽҲȽϲҪõĽĶӽǫˣղŵʫ䣬ʫƽƽʵûʲôʵĵطָжŶ椵ףڶŶѾÿף˵ҪˣھɥöŶô˵ʱ۾һԸĲţƽʱҲôǣҪԱһΣǿɾˬˡϽǻԶԣȻѾĿȻҪϸĿģ˼Ҷдʫաɽˮݡࡢɳޡԧ죬ǰɶеģʫĻǼвУ֮УȴûеģǱĲ⣡
Ǻʫˣ˭пˣ
ͷƱ磬üӣɾͲˣɵߣΪ˽֪ģѲɷҪ׽һֻûУûУҲһֺȴˣԭҲƫ⣬ֻʫ⾳Ҳǲ׵ģû˵


5 Ǳ
һԵĻʫ̾һ˵ǣëʫУҵʫҲУתб⻭ҲƾȴҲǰɫеˣԲûвԵģû⡣ˡ
ʫ޵ͷ䣬Ҳ޻˵ˡ
Ŷ椼֪Լ˵ˣǳĸˣϴһף˵ˣݸĩһȺȡ
ڨڨôһˣ
Ŷ椵۵㶼˵˻ƹݵһŮѵýף
һЦúãҵסף˹һȸˡһ̫ˣ롣һȥʱͷۻθ﷭һֱ¡
ǺǿסҪһ϶ŶѾһ׵˹ĩҪףȣ
Цܻܲ
УŶ椺òһĺûᣬܷŹǰҾƣҲû˵һģ㻹Ǹأȣ
ֻӲͷƤӹ˹ֺȥ
ӣǺܿͷۻվȣһظŻ£ͷü£Ҫˣǿɾɨˣ
ͯϽǴǸصģðǿסŻ¡
ʫȴöŶ椴ߴ٣Լһµľ׵ˣһȥɵҲ糺죬һ㣬ԵýĿɰ
ͷУҡҲǻǡԴΪ⣡βǰ£椣ɸҡһף
ŶҶںȻ壬ԲĹĵظһͦ㰡
ͷ˵ͷλΪΣ
ʫ޺ϼθҲǲͨһһȵʫᵱѡΪһݵһŮǿʵϣȻǫ鲻ҵȴڼģû뵽һξȻҲǸɵϵˣһ˼һʫдñԼĺãȴܲϡһףһҪӮ椣νҲʾͬȻҲû顣
ͷ˵Ǻã㣡ԴΪ⣬ǰɫֻҪ봺йؾСϹأ˵λֱһ
Ŷ椲һгĶͽģһĺڶдģ庣
ͷüҲδ̫ˡ
Ըķ䣡ŶƵôҲҽУҪǲңԼһ£
ʵŶǺģǸղҶָʱ˵ã˵ˣȴǴҲ֪Ҷλܲдĺʫ֪ǲڽߵŰԼǻѾ˵ڣֻӲͷƤˡ
ŶŶ椣һʱûпڡ
Ŷ椸飬ӲͷƤҶ˵Ļתͷˣ˭ҽУҵԼһ䡣
һԵĵĶӽǫһۣŵŵĵ̫ˣҡҿɲ䣡һˣ˵գԼһ˺ˡ
һȥȻҲҪѬѬȻȴܱ󣬺Ĵ󺣣ǿҪ̧ȥˡҲôģҲ䣬Ժһ
ڣֻʣʫ޺ͶŶˡ
Ŷ椰ҶˣĿĴﵽˣģ⼸󺣺ȥֻµ
ʫƼŶȲʤȯӣѺͲմʫմǧţµǾ͸ֽһֻ֡𣿡
һֱŶŶ椹۲죬˸ƺ㣬ӦԽΪˣ椣ȫޣһμˣ˿Ѿˣ֮ǰϧѾ׵ԺһֻѶŶ椹𣬵ȻκλᣬǵڶУҲ˲ϻʫˣ¹ЦȻҪֻۣеһȣҪȣ
ʫЦȴ̲ס˸ãЩߣ椣ǾͿʼɣ
ŶӦʣﺦˣ
ǾöŶǿиɣҡָʱҪǲǱ
㡭仰ѶŶ椵ľǿˣǸ첻µزµһظҶˣ˵̧ȥһͲˣ
һΪ㣡Ъ˹е
ͷ˵Ѿæһϣʫ޺߿ڤ˼롣
Ŷһֻռһƣȥߣ߳Ա룬˭Ҳң˭ҪˣľƣҺȣ
æĴӦһ˾˼
ûע⣬Ŷ椳ֽǹǮҲţߣȻ㿴˽ߵݴŵҶдϲҲͷϯضռ˺һԼĸҶٰһҲְһǮҲʫдģͽ㣡
ҶҲʵùһǮģŽɲУֻܲ䡣
벻ԼƳ׬ȡĵһͰȴǿСʱĸƱµʫϵ裬ллǣ˰
Ŷ椵λԴΪ⡭
˵ˣѾˡҶ˺ռžƿʼ
Ŷ椵ûУ
ʲôһأûгԱû˼ʫ顣Ҷ׽
ŶҲǣֻӵš
ȵҶǴֻռԹˣһҲȹˣͷѾȼһ룬һζĵ̫󣬻ʫ޺ǳĽԸʣΪõһܲȾƣԶܶһʱĥáܸǹˣ㶼˼ŶԷġ
Ҷˣ˶ŶһۣҪ㻹ɣ
Ŷ椴󾪣Ϊʲôҵռҵľƣȴд㡭
żҶֵдǶʽӮˣԺʫô죿ǻǲŹ㣬ʱҲߣּˣô죿ǸӳԿھĺá
Ŷӵ˵ҲǣҪһֱ߾ͺˡҪ㵽ҼҵʹôͿһֱ߰ģҲԿģ
Ҷ͵һЦָָԼֵ˵ʲôأ㿴ӣū͵𣿡
Ŷõ㻹ȴ˵Ȼ㲻Ҽҵʹӣô𣿡
ҶʵѾ˵ǣ˼Ƭ̲ŵүү̷˼ûзҽҲţҲͿ԰ˡģŴǮԼ
Ǯ⣬ŵɶү˵㡣үүֻǸСС˵ϻġ
֪Ҷһ֣Ҳ˵㣬Ǽʮ죬ȥŵĹعϵǱɶģ϶
ɶǱ򰡣


6 ´Ƽ
ҶһţԼôִʻ˵ˣڵǹٳְβİ취ѽôǮ㣬
ŶŶһЩм˵ǮҾͶ˵Щʲô˭ö
Ǳô³ʣˣҶүүУٳϵĹض֪æʲôӣҽŵ˵ۣȻҴҲҲ뵱۵ġ
ŶһЦû⡣ס
סڡҶɫһһȻӣʵ˵ɣҲݵϣҼڡںԶĵطҵѾˡҶֹϰƳʱǻûг֣⵹û˵ٻҿɲǡϵ⣩ҹ¿һˣҾ͵ˣǳ˲֪Ҫʲô·ûУֻöصģǰʱ䣬ȥﵱУΪ˵вҪô·Ұͷˣȥ֪Ҫø࣬Ҫʲô뺲УûлҪӡҸûˡûеɣͷѾˡ
Ҷͷϰŵķȡ£¶һͷ̷
ŶһЦ漴̾һҲ湻ģ˺ܶĿɣģôãһ취үүŵΪңҲΪ㣡ˣ취㲹һ·㰴ԭϾˡûǲɵģŲˡ
ðлл㣡Ҷ룬ԭʲôԭأ˿ɶлڵģ˵ȴӦˣȥĥһôˣʱ㡣
ãô˵ˣ
˵Զͷ˸椣ôˣȼӴ
Ŷ椻ͷһֻʫѾߵǰ׼ˡȴԴ˼Ӧһ
Ŷ椻ͷҶôʫ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һЦҳԼȾƵʱ򣬱ѾˣҪȻôĸ£
Ŷ椴ϲǿ˵أ
Ҷʫ˺֪µƪӽ
ʫرһ֮ʡ´ƼŶ˶ɵˣʲôũˣһţˣ̫ţˣԺҪ˵ݵһŮǴƵһŮҲڻ£ŶüЦվҪߣȻһ飬µ˵ʫô
ҶЦǵʫûô֪дʲôһ°
ԶԣŶڨڨһţͷҲѾдձˣͷˣѾˣʫдʲôҺöԱһ¿ܲʤ
ͷ˴лʫ޵ĵ
Ѱ
âЬ̤¤ͷơ
Ц÷ᣬ
֦ͷʮ֡
ţͷʫ
䳤ɫ࣬
ĺɽصڤڤ
괺Ʈ࣬
շַһ㡣
ҶСʱ򲻽ĸűʫʣΪʦǣһһ׵Ľ⣬Ҳ̸ٵĹʫ֪ʶԹ飬ܿҵʫе˶Ŷ椡
ŶմϲŤŷΣƨƨܻȥˡһ㣬ѾȼˡȴѾ㹻дҶϮ̸߾
ױһߣ
˿С
֪ϸҶ˭ó
´Ƽ
дʱ򣬻ʫ޺ǳŵһţһд꣬˶Ѿľ
ͷƵʫһ׾ĺʫһ䣬˾檱ͤͤϸˣȵµ֦ɲӭڵ˿䣬ѻһ˶ǰģȴǺ䣬һʾ䣬ʳ˿ҶλŮ˼һյףȴǻĴ磬ʺ죬ɽ仹бȴָɵ𣿡
ͷ˵֮Χ˶̾
ͷ溬ЦתͷŶ椣壺椣ʫҿʫᣬҪϵڶ˺ոϵһˡ
˶ͷǡ
Ŷ椴֣캩Ц
ܣֱҪˣ۾ŶŶ椣ƺҪϿʲôǰʫʹƨͨôһӾ䣿ǳϮİɣ
Ŷ￩һ£ȴʾ˫ֲģ˵ʲô˵ҳϮ˵˵ҳϮ˭˵ģ˵ȻҸû꣡
ʫԭǺ˿ɷ׵ûһѪɫҡͷǳϮдʫʣֻתۼҪϱҵβ֪
ʱʫ⻰˵ƿԣǶǰʫ֮ˣǰʫʸ踳޲أŶ椵ʫ˾Բͨдóģдʫʵˣ;ԲĬĬŵˡɼŶ޴ӳϮȥ
Ȼ֪ʫȷǳϮģֻǳϮİ֮ƵĴ䣬һǧִ֮ĴԽҶϮ
ͷ΢ЦƾʫŶ椵ͷֻºܿͻϱˣ鵱֪ʫˣ׾ܳҵģ
ŶƤٺҲ˼ֺЩ죬ڨڨЦŲ֪ôشá
ʫ޲ȻҡͷˣϷ߹ȥ׵ơ
ȴ۾ҲʫȻܺãҵҲƾʲôͰҵıȥˣҳٲҲӦǲеһ
ͷ˵Ȼ벻˺޳ܣŵȴҪǿʶֻΪ޵һ޵ڶҪ˵һʫһ׸ãľ˵˾ŷֻ˵һָоѡ
ŶۼƤҿҶѾ˵ʫе⣬ңŭʫټܳƵһ
úúã㵹˵˵ʫʲôˣοɲҪǰɫֻҪкϴáǿ˵ˣҪ˵ʫҾͿڷķ䣡˵Ͳ䣡еһ˭Ҳȣ
ͷ˵ȼյ˵زüҡͷ
Ŷ椺һʫ壬еʫĺ䣺괺Ʈ࣬շַһ㡣˵㵽˴ԼƮһĿᣬ԰ɣ
ǰôˣʲô𣿡۵
ȻԣŶЦС󣬿뿪ݣ
ʵҶд⣬ӵܣһ㲻±ܷ˪֮ģһ»ľͲ¶ˡ
ڨڨûУҸ˵ͻСЩʱȥ
Ȼ㶼û뿪ݣƮַֺࣿɹ
ûоͲд𣿡
д飬㲢û־飿д˵úһ㣬겻֪ζΪʫǿ˵˵ĲǾ޲ʫҲܶ
ͷ̾겻֪ζΪʫǿ˵椣ܺðǳڳ¡
ҶϮγĴʸģָƳЩȻǲ֪γĴʡ˵ɵƵ
ʫŮ˿ȴڱ䣬٣Ϻһһģ֪η


7 ݳ
ʫﴧŵŶ椣椣ܲҲһҵʫ
ƽ㣡Ŷ椸ʫ޵ĹϵЦҶ˵ģ˵Ц
ʫ̾һ˲ѧӦЦǵģ˵˵ɣ
ŶЩ˼ͷǺãҾôһ˵ɡɲЦҡ
ʫ䣬ʫĹأҶ˵ôЦģοӵʫϬ׼ȷҵʫҲв㾡ֱԾǡ䲻ţȴҲŹϲĶġ
ǺðɡŶʫ޵ʫ壬һ飬ʫֻһطǷá

һ䣺âЬ̤¤ͷơâЬǲЬƽ˼ҵǧ𣬺Ьƽͷֻθصηɮ˴˻ࡣ
ʫ޴һ£ֻųгѰɫ࣬ҪЬȡû⾳ȴԼˡҿǲܡ˵ĺܶԡ
Ŷͷȵĸ첲Цʵʫд÷ǳĺãѰãص÷ᣬŷִԼ÷ϣǺܶ鲻𣿿׷Ѱģͷȴ־Լ߶֪ʫһǾˣ˵ҵʫģ
ʫ޶ʱˣǰĶŶ椣ʫŮȻȫԼʫ⾳ʶѾͬ죡֪ǸղҶ߶Ŷ椵ġ
Σʫ̾һķˣ椣ǰ˵һмֲдģڣȴһ۾Ϳʫ⣬ݼʶǼΪˣÿڷķþ
Ѿһ׾ƣʫһ£ոպ꣬Ѿһˣƴסڶף¹ֻ࣬һС룬ͷۻҲֲס۵һʡҲ̱˲ݵϡ
ѵÿݵһŮǼС㶼ЦͣǫƹǵڶҪģһһ㣬Ͱ
Ŷ椿ʫӣһʫ޽ãв̣ϣεվһҲȾƣԵĴ׵ľƣһ͵ǰӣԸķ䣡㲻ɣ
壬ֻöȣѾˣֻ׵ľƣѾµǽ塣ڵֻߺߡ
Ŷ椺ò״üĻᣬŹѾߵİ£ǿָʣµӣ൨³ˣĸһƵģ
ʫԼֺһףҲµûڵأһ̲࣡
ԼΧͻ̤˼ǱЦ
ͷ˵ˣٱˣµضǣ⻹ͻվ͵ɣҲ͵˶椵׾ʫҲ㲻ˡȥɣ
˴ЦУ²̧֪Ÿߡ
Ŷ椽ʷ㣬ܵллҶѾӰӡֻܵȵڶԼüʱлˡ
Ҷͻʫ²֪֪ǵʫ᲻ټˡ뿪˺ӱߣԺСߡ
سûнȥոմԽʱ򣬾س⣬Ҫǵʱ򣬱·˵￴Щ飬ûнǣǵҷװȥˡ˴ֲҲͲõˡ
ҡڵߣ˳¥£̧ͷȥϣŶϷдĺ֡ݣ
ŶмʿǲûжԽ˽κ̲飬ҲûпǣֻŴţûκ谭ؽݳǡ
ֵ֡ƮִСȵײĴдĳĳջ̵ȣһȥ֣еִϵ졣
Ƴ˾ǳֶСרŵҵ⣬زûϸ񻮷ҵɢڳ
ݳ൱ڵĵмϽʮأݳݶڵأҲǵڵء⻹һؼŽٳǡڳǶڳ
ĩսس˴󷽣ûܱϴ٣ܶطӵƳ꣬ؽϵ˿ڳܺ;÷̶볤ͽй֮޲
ȫһ飬˳ʢ󣬿ۻңȴҲȶˣɽʱ֣ٳøһϣ׼һջס£ٳ극
ʮ·ھһҿջŲɫдǡջȥСЦкɾ⻹סꣿ
һƤЦ˳ƺΪɾҶ³ѧʷģʷ֪ʶҲ֪ЩƳʱ򣬳ƺİһ㶼ɾʱɾĺ岢ǺŶϹĳƺ
Ҷ̴̵ס꣡
ϣСһۣסʲôķ䣿
ʲôķ䣿
̣ͨÿλġ¥̣ÿλģ¥ġ
Ҷ룬ʲôϷ𣿡
ϷСֿһۣȻֲׯںȴǲģСЦϷаһҪʮġ
Ҷ룬ԽƳĵһ죬ɲίԼνҸ·סס⴫˵еϷʲôġһϷ
ϣСϽİӭ˽ȥ̨Թ̨ƹһɤӣλɾҪϷһ䣡
ƹæһЦʵǼˣЦҶɾס죿
סһ졣˵
õģʮġ
Ҷ·¶ŵһǮȡʮöͭǮƸƹġ
ƹļǧģǮԥǳĴ󷽣СˣæǮͷɾ¥룡
ԱרŸչϷ͵ľɵСͷضүСᡣ
סϷƺɾĳɴүͦ찡ǮǺãƲ˵һ䣺û
Ŷү룡СүôԸܽСľǡ
˵ţҶľ¥ݣ˵¥һ䣬ƿ˷ţүǷϲ
Ҷɨһۣ׷ǹɫĻͷңҾһȫƿԿһԶשߵĸߴԺ䣬ӷϿӦþˡ
Ҷһָٳã
ǰ
ҶͷһķԼҪȥΪһԱŶϵ֮⣬ûǮνŰֿǮĪŴ˾ȥıְˡ
ԼֻвһǮˣǮǲϵġ취׬Ǯ
׬ȡڶͰ
Ҷһû⣬ˣˡ
ϡСĸ赽ˮϴ


8 ״
ܿ죬ˮˣˮҲˣиɾϴ
ҶһϴһĥӶŶʲôʫƳ˻ǿᰮʫΪʫҲϻǮԼһƤʫǧ㲻°ƪβ⣿
ϴϣҶǮͣѸֵúϲ£죬æĳл
Ҷ΢Цسīȥĵط
һ£벻λֲЬׯںҪȥĵطæЦЩˣϲȥĵطȻ¥ڽߵ֡һңС¥ȥǵĶˡүҪҹȥֵط̫ˣСĸеǡ⡣˯һҹʮıˡ
ˣҶҡͷԵȥǴ¥ȥ·ôߣ
ǳԾү桭һ·ǰߣߣ㿴һֹ˺ľˡ
ţҶš
ЩҶﳤȥưư죬˹£ׯҲҪȥѣ
ҶǵС˵ģǵÿջǰһҳµ꣬ȥȻһ·˵⻹ҪΪ̵ڶͰ׼
ſڵʱǰ̨ϣһߺһḾˣޡȴǽرţΪѾɢˡ
ſ޵飬˼̫ˣֲ֣ûʲôΧۡ
ҶǰǼҳ̣ȥһԲխ䳤ۣԼĴֲͷϰҲһСñٲȻһˡһҲһġ⣬Լһֲһ߳İײųš
⣬Ϻ͸ſʯϹſҶ΢һԼҪıһݲµģлᣬܷŹβô£˵ͬʱͰﵽԼˡ
ȥ˶һۣλڴޣΪ£
߿һۣŴǸ˹ĵĶˣ㴹״ǹٸˣǵԩధҲѹţϣܼ˳·ԩ
кԩ˵Һ԰ǡ
ԩģԼϣ֪Լԩ½ֻͬ鶼á߸ϽֵлλˣġָָߵλٸϺҵŮˣϺ
Ҷ⻹ˣԼһա
Ϻ˵ҼŮһϽֲ򣬽ǿ°ȥ˺¼Ҵɡ˵ԼǱǿ°ǷԼߣǺ´֪Ǳߵģȴǿͬüл뿪һֱһһ죬ҵ˳صϺҡϺ㼴٣´ץϺǶӣҲѺҪΪҼҵŮµĺӣӦù黹ҼҰȥ˺¼ңǺ¼᲻Ͻӡֻø浽šȻץ˺´ɣȴϰѺ׷ң˵ûҲûӦĹ涨Ǻ´ȻǿǺӵףǿжҲǲʵãԲܴӦҵҪ󣬱㲵ˡ
ҶоרҵǷʷҵдľоɿ˵ǳ˽⣬һϺ˵ЦˣϺ˵й涨ģֻ涨ԺŰ䲼ġ顷ϣʱ޼ǻûƶأӦĹ涨Ѿ䲼ġɡԭԵĹ涨ģŮ澸һԴµСڹˣŮŮҲӦŮˣ涨ԵóȷĽۣӦ黹Ϻ
ֻɡԼȻϤǻûдﵽܱеĵزûҸʲô鱾ŵıȽϺá
Ϻ˵ⰸ֮Ҷ۾һðһ⡣
Ĵ˿㿴Ŷһի۾һеҪ򲻵ҲûйϵƾżдӦҲûж⡣
£ҶЦЦɣڿɷΪμһƿƾӦԣɺ˽⣬ҪԸ⣬ҿ԰дһ״ӣٸд״ӣ϶֧Ҫ󣬰Ѻӻ㡣
ϺһʱϲæͷлӣлϽллӡ
Ůᣬæߵл
ҶǸҾסǰջȥֽʣϸд״ӡ
ϺŮǧлҶȵŶի
ȻϣСɡĿӡۡǮ£Ŷ˿ջ
ջƹ񿴼ҶѾһۣԭǸˣҿԼûӣϽͷӭ
Ҷƹֽʣ¥Լķ䣬Ϸţ¡Ϻ°龭˵˱飬Ůȷʵ¶ϺŵĹأǲ׼ģҪӵģԣֻݴΪݣ㿴Ǽҵʲô˺أŲʵġ
ϺͷҲ֪أ룬Ϻݾ¤һֶǰˮˣ֪ҪίϺֶΣ
ãֶʲô
ɡ
Ҷ״Ƭ̣ŵ˾дһ״ô򵥣ҪѶõġ˰ﵽףҲǸ¶Ϊ˷ϣڸ鷳¾ͰɣΣ
Ϻ־ϲ֮ðֻ̫ίˡ
޷ģǰһҶ룬ҿҲҪȻһøءҵĴҶͥļңĶסˣԺҵݣɼǵֶ˾˵ǱˮߵֶѾˣس
õĺõġϺæҲԴ
Ҷ֮Է⾢Ϊѧʷ֪ƳʱرǳƣԻ˿ڵĹǳϸ·Ҳ֤Ҫı£Ǹܱ¼ȡġϺķʣԼα·޷ˡ
Ҷдһ״ӣԼעϵ״˵ֶ
״дãݸϺȥٸ棬Ҫô⣬Եջҡ
лӣϺŮæлʡ
ˣҶ΢ЦǶһˣÿ𣿡
ϺлŴŮˡ
Ҷó߰ײ̺ãд֣Լ˿ûҿʦĸĸСԼʫͬʱҲԼë鷨鷨ǿȥġ
ī֭֮󣬰Ѱײãţ¥Ŵ·ǰߣһ·˽ߣȻֶǴĺģܶ඼Ǹһ۵ҲеΪʾɺŨĳѾҡˡ


9 峵ʫ
Ҷǰߣߵ¥ƣ߲ԶȻǵС˵ġ񷻡ߴɵ¥¥߳һءſڸݺݺģŻ
Ҷ·һժ¼Ĵָϸ֦дֵİײһᦣվǡ¥ſڣҲ˵ֻ΢Цš
ܿƣһдǣ
峵ʫ
˶ۣ
ʫѣ
滹ĸ֣дĺȻǣ߲ʫ
м֦ϻһͭǮõһЩдŰ˰ٶġ
һֺżʹ׼¥һȺΧԱߣعֿȺҶǰ´һӣЦʣ߲ʫ˼֪մҪʫѣ
Ҷʫ£Сܿᰮʫûʦѣ˵ī;ʴ˶ᦣʫѡԸе̨˫ĿԷѡһʫ䣡ˣڳλ˭ʤ˭ܡͷһǮʫ߲Ϊޣ
Χ۵һƬȻĿɿڴ߲ʫҲͦţ˵㡣
һ£Ҫ˵ԱһѾȴЦ߲ʫΪǲֲ𣿡
ǲţ޷ǰһԣ
ҪˣϵһͭǮң
ǣҪǸˣҲһͭǮ
ҶгЩɻ
Ҷ˵߲ʫעһǮ֣۷׷׵ġ
Ц߲ʫδ̫ˣĳѾܿ벻бĳˣúãĳҪʶʶһǮ㵽ǲ߲ʫı¡˵գһڣԸͯȡһǮ
ͯȡһͭǮЦҶǹӿݵһӣˣ
ݵһӣǰֻʫޣҲǺųݵһŮһҲֵ̫Ǯˣһ֮ھ
Ҷ΢Ц̨մ
ĲȻ
һΧһóݵ
ĲԼмţ벻ǰһ治ںӣɵŭʤ
ҶӹӣҸʫȻҳ⹫ӸʫĿɶԷѡһ߲ʫ˵ǰͷĿʫʵģЩϲ̨Ϊѱˡ
Ҷڸĸ¿౳ʫ˵ʫСˣȫʫвٺʫҲˡֻǳƣܶƳҶûгԼһӵʫӦ־ӦûжġҪڶʱ׬һıȡµǮҲֻܿϮİ취ˡ
Ϊرǿ˼䣬ҪԷʫʱϵ̨ʫʵģǶԷĿжûԼᱳʫģǾͿҶԷĿë˵ϲ̨棬öԷ³⣬Ǻ·ҲöԷһЩƫ⣬û취ס
Ĳ͵һЦ߲ʫϾףȻҲ̫Ϊ㡣³Ҳ˵ǰ棬߲ʫǵʫ˳ʫŪˣڳĿɶﲻɳӵģ
ȻҶһЦһҪǮǸºڳĸλ̨ΪǴʫ˳ԼҸطȥˡ
Χ۲ûʲôѧʵ˶ЦˣֻЩʫȴûЦΪ֪ԷҪû汾£ȴҲ˵ֻһˡһ˷ܵ۾ǡ
˵úãĲһЦɨԼͯͺǮʹһۣбۿҶǰҸط죬һǿҪλ߲ʫطı£
ͯʹӶЦͯһָԱߵͲȻˣʹȥˡ
һǹЦ
Ĳͷ⵹Ǹ⣡ҶΪΣ
Ҷʼ磬˭˭
ãĲǶһĨЦĳҪˣ̧һָġ¥Ϊ¥𱡢깫߸輧ѡһʫˡ
Ҷ⣬Цˣʫй𱡢깫ĺ٣Ǹ¥輧йصģǼֱͶţëʫʽû⡣Ȼ漰Щ¥һЩϵȻǲУȴҶԼʫʱ͵͵ģΪԼְ汾ȫʫ֮ľкüףвʫ䡣
Ȼģȴװһ˼ӣӣʼǰⲽ
ǰߣΧŵҲǰߣһţƤƵĿЦӡ
ĲͯҲЦҶҿɾ㣬ǹӱʫ飬ʫûв֪ģҪϮǿȡ裡
ϮӾǵ泭ϮԴҲ֪
Ĳһ߳ȥȴûгʫĶ󻷹ܣλϾҪսʫĵ̨ȥˣѵãϽĶư
һ£˲Χۡ
ҶѹûƵģⲽ߲߳վסˣͷĲһЦҿ˭
ֳΪǮҪ֮ʫʫʥҸһʫ˵Ʒˡһһʫʩġ˲ױʡ
սˣ
Լױ
֪ҹ¸죬
˭ƻ
ʫдһλ輧ױи֪̾ҹȥ˭Ҹ質һˡӡʡСղĵʣ輧ǳͬʱּһЩ棬ӳ輧ϲ
Χ۵ǶʱһƬ֮̾Ȼ߲ʫʫҲǷƷ档
ĲȻ߲ʫһ´һ£ҿɲʫ߲֮ʱģǰʫŪɣ
Ҷʼ磺ŵĻԻĿ԰֮ǰ߲ʫһ۸Ӯ˵
Ĳ˿ΧǶԼֻӲͷƤã⣡
ʲôĿҶѾˣȻҲܳƫ⣬ñ˵лĵľǶԷ߲ʫ΢Ц̨ԼңЩڳĸλΪˡ
ҶĿǴ˿̵Ϊ⣬ԱԷóǰԼʫܡ
ȻĲ֮ɫ΢䣬һʱ֮ԴտҲ
Ҷ߲ʫ̨Կʼˡ
ĲеǰߣԴɿ˼ۿŽ²ǰԴȴһУ߲֮꣬£һ䶼ղ˺ЦĲЩŭҶĿŹ֣ԼҲд
ٺ٣̨ٻǮԿܲдȰѲͷ˵


10 ֪δ
ĲǮͯһ
ǰֻͯõ۰ǮҶȡһǮ
һ£Ĳˡ
һȻڶʫʤݵһӣţܿ죬Ϣʹˣ֣ܵ¥¥ԻƵǶˣʱΧ˸㡣
ҶӹһǮϣһЦ˼ڶˣ
Ĳŭôۣ
㲻ԸԲҲǿ󡣡
ĲЦҶһҧãᣡó
ִֻͯӸʹһǮͬһᣬˡ
ĲҵĿǸղĿҵġģڳ˵飬Ͻģ߲ʫ죡
ҶЦЦԼ鸳ʫˡʼⲽߵ߲վסˣתɨһΧ۵ĸλ磬ЩڻˣӮǮԽ¥ˣҾдˣ׵ƪ
㣬
ʢ⡣
ʹͣ
֪δ硣
ʫǴʫ׿;Ӷ³ʱԵһԭǡ㡱ҶǰָĳѣǱǽáҹⱭһ䡣ʫȻдǿõȴûɥ֮⣬Ϊƶ黶벻Լˡ
ʫһжʱһƬкΧŵҶѾȨǾ廹жʼˡ
Ĳȴɫ࣬һ¶Էʫëȴҵõá
ҶЦҳˡҵĿ䣬дңڳλ顣߲ʫ֮Ի⣬ΪղѾ߲ʱˣ߲һʮĲʫٺ٣ۿۣ߲ˡɣ
ĲղһͷûУҲĿɳ⣬ţԷʫˣҲ϶Ȳʫ׵ĴԣԼѾڲ֮ˡ
Ȼ߲꣬ĲǺ벻þ䡣ʫҲҪ˼õģֲ߲ʫߣϾëǣĲȻһ
Ҷ֣ȴ˵
Ĳһҧ
ֻͯܵ۰Ǯ͵Ҷ
ֱݵһˣʱ䣬Χ۵ըһһΣȴֻĲ֡
ĲϺһһҲΧ۵ˣŭȡǮ
Ҷ΢Цҡͷ˼ڲͷĹˣ˵գͭǮֹϣĹǮжʮˣѾѹöˡ
Ĳͨ죬ŭĹĹᣡ㲻ɣȡ
ֻͯÿʹӱŵȡĹǮ
ĲѰʺϵĿǴ¥Ʈ輧ĸһǵԹ˼֮顣ǿˣø輧ġ
Ĳãѡһʫʼ㣡
߶вʫдСҶһĿһȴһصı顣ʼⲽ˼һΪáлı˼ĵˣ˸ĸˣɵЩᣬûߵ߲Ѿʼ׵ľ䡶ҹŵѡ
˭Ѱ
ɢ봺ǡ
ҹ
˲԰顣
еڶǸĳǡǴʫ˼ʫ֮һǧȻЩǽڳޣҶǳ˾塣ĲҰף촽ȴ˵һ仰
ҶĲд׵ʫõ΢ЦҵĿĿԸߵΪ⣬߲ʫ
Ĳһۣ۾ǰⲽⲽٶȿɱҶö࣬ÿһҪͣϺð졣ЩƤˡ
ҶЦλ̨ĹǮҲôأҪ̨ǮƣǲҲգôĥĥѧڹˡ
Χ۵ôЦĲͷֱð亹ӯӯȴֻûҲûֻۣǽµĽŲٿһˡ߲Ҳǻߵġ
Ĳֻ߲߲˼߰ٲʱ䶼࣬ǵΧ۵岻ѡĲװûվе
߸˴ѣ
ѱ߹˿С
г䣬Ĳ㿨סˣΪǺվ֪ôźá
ҶƬ̣ʵ̨ʱѾˣǮǸԼţ
Ĳ϶ʱһһģȻٹֽĹǮȷеʹڼҲͷˣܵڷڲֻܳԼͯ
ͯǮ͵ҶǰҶˡûйϣΪ֦ӼӣѾڳĹǮˣֱϡ
ĲҧҧҾͲаһζĶ٣Ĺỹǰ˹᣿
ҶЦЦȻǰ˹Ǯ
һҶӮǮȫѺϽŶģЩΧ۵Ƕ಻ѡ
ͯȴЦүǵǮûôˡ
ĲһŤͷͯͯһǮ䣬ֻһǮˡ
ĲڼԼݵһӣȴһԼսʤҲҪ̻ĺ۵Ķͽһ㣬Ҷһ£Լһ壬һǰŹǮģ۾߹ǮʣµһǮٶһΣ
Ҷʼ磬ҪҲ˵ӮǮߣҵϰߡɣ
Ĳһ֣һǲ߲ʫˣѡһ˫ϿɵĿһΪޣԸʫһףȱȸ£Σ
Ҷ⣬˫ϿɵĿǾ˵ԼԿǲԼйʫԼסŸ׾סȵȴʫ˿ڵʫʣССݵһӲɣʼ磬аѡ⣬
Ĳ¶һĨ΢ЦװΣŵǰǶǰɫΪ⣬һΣӽ̾һعΣ
̨ӽ̾λˣ
Ѿ
ҶʱϲѾΪʫʶţëвǧƪͷ԰жӮ
ڳĸλУΣ
Ϊ֮ǰҶ˫ڳĸλΪе飬һ㰵עⳡеǷĲϤͨ۲죬ƺĲȷܸߣֻ۸ڶһĶôΧ۵Щһ㬵飬ƤʱʱЩ඼峰ЦԼҲԵ̾ԣӦòƫĲ
Ҷаʼɣ
кµѾӴ¥Ҫһ㣬ȼˣڵϡ


11 ڣƻ
Ĳ˼״ȴʱһҶ
ҶˣСֻ´ǰдĵʫӦԼúܲġºЦٲʫܸǹסŸȥ
߲վסˣͷĲôûУ
ĲһأҿҲ߲ʫΪѾˣ
Χλһ⻰˶Ѿáֻǲ֪˭ʫһ˷ܵǡ
ҶǺã˵ɡ
Ĳͷһе
һһر
˲ơ
ʱüʹ
Ϊ檴նʦ
ϣҶʫΣݵķ𣿡
ûҶ˵¥һŮӵεδӹӣʫϴǴ¥ʫ϶ʫôƭһˣ
Ҷ̧ͷһֻ¥Ķ¥˴֪ʲôʱѾվݺݺ¥輧˵λȣ֣ޣЦ
һме˶̾¥Ůͷƻ
ҶһŮӾȻǴ¥ͷƻ̧ͷ˿ŮӣȻý磬òһֹģЩŮһȽϵǺȺ޲ɷ
ĲεЦЦֵﰡٺ٣ʫȻģǵȷǱģ԰ɣղҲû޶ڵдһʫҲóǰʫǡ
Χ۵ǶʱһƬ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ¥Ůӹֵлѣһʫڳλ֮Σ
¥ŮӯӯӲ˼ݣ߲ʫϴ
ҶϳгѾΪʫһףŸʫʥʫӽż֮һ
Ⱥɽָţ
д塣
һȥ̨˷Į
ڣƻ衣
ͼʡʶ棬
չҹ»ꡣ
ǧ
Թۡ
ʫǱ̾Ѿ˵ʫдһףرһ䡰ڣƻ衱ľɫձȻ¡ôϻ˼뾳ϣĲһҪࡣ
Ҷʫ̾ؽк¥ҲǾ̾ѣĸŮӲϲرĸ輧Ǹϲвɧ͡üĿ飬ƵƵҶﲨ
ĲҲģʫǰ¥ʫʱƾʫһٶΪѾȲʤȯû뵽Ȼһ־ʫ⾳ԶԼһܱȡ
кãͬ͹ﵹһưˮʱըˣ׷׸ӵɣԶʤӹӵһ׾䣡һ֣λʤˣ
ĲоȻûһ֧ģɫ࣬¥ֵΣ
λǴ¥Ļ¥Ĺղĸ輧вòλΪף˫ҲʫԡĲͨʫݵһӣȻλϱڴ¥ʫʫģɼʫǳͣܰԼ˵˵
ȴûпɺҶεεӣӹʫΣ
Ҷʼ磬ƳʫġѾԹ
ĪԹ˳
Ӣǲס
ʱ޺²
ֻǹһˡ
ĲʫѾĿǣǻŭ𶼼ǸĹ͢ʦëϣѱǺݶԹģҶõƴʫʫȴǷ˵ģѾӦøлӢľȥףҪȻͷҲǹ͢һŮѡҶ״ʣȻǳĲдøѾȥģʮֵ
¥ƴЦ˵˵˼ݣ߲ʫĿţӹӣҺͬѾֻһ߳ŭĶӵѾȴᱯŮӣԭȾӹʫѾԹ޺ֵͬ飬ӵͬıʤһȴʫеĺݶ⾳ϣɾǿʫˣټ˼Һʫ⼸䣬Ҳһ׾ѾʫֻҲѷɫһס԰һΪӵʫҪǿһЩһ乫
һô˵Χ۵ǸǺЦ׷˵üá
Ĳɫ࣬ͯǮ£ߣ
ۼĲҪߣҶסӹӣƺʲôˣ
Ĳһ㶣漴׹߻޺޽еҶ
ԱȺֵµ˵Ҫģһأ
Ĳʱɫ䣬Ҷ
ҶѾ˵ֻȸԼкǸӣóƺĲгɼ⼸ֻ
ҪҪƤ˴ˡҶҲ̫֣΢ЦӹϷԣġ
ĲһﵽмָмһҶ֣תͯʹӿ첽ˡ
ҶϣһͭǮڸ첲ϣ̧ͷ΢Цл
һЦһۣӣôṤѾ׬˲Ǯ汾£ֻųݵһӵĲܸ㣬Ķô࣬¾û˸ҳдˣҪǻֻҪվˡһˮƣһθˣҲдʫʣֻûʲôǮƣֻܸ㡭
û˵Ĺ̬Ҫ˵ʲôⲻ˵˵˸档
Ҷ͸Ľ̲סһˮȴ룬ЩǮȥ߹ϵıŵĲµģҪǽߣֻ¾ûʲôʣµˡ˰ɣԺ˵ЦЦл⣬½ջҪˣպУ̽
ղ˵ûԼݵһӣڶעôЩΧ۵һֻվۣóĽӼʵԼȴҲû˳ԾԾģĶûСԣҲǸɵȣһ׬ǮҲѾ๻ˡʹȥñ˵԰ĺӿ
¥ϳԳЦţһ˹ðǿɾ˵ˣɨԴӴݹ٣ɲջϲһ
Ҷ΢΢һЦͷ˵ˣ㽫ǽ˹ͭǮԼļϣӸţΧ۵һֶ֣¥ЦЦﳤȥ
˹ͭǮóһᣬֵŹ壬ֵܹʮᣬȥ߹ϵǾ൱ԪˣıȡһŵҲİԱܸ㶨ˡȻлǶŶ椵үүһᣬԼңӦʱˡž룬ҲͲ÷ûԵˡ
ҶСߣѾ뿪˴¥Զˣ˽е֣


12 
ҶվסˣͷһȴǸĲֺżʹӿ첽׷
ղΧ۵ȴкǸԼһ·˵ȻȻĲгɼȴ֪վҶߡҶ΢ЦվסУʮֵĻһǮ˼ҵĹӣ֮󣬲Źֵ̨𣿡
ֺС캣õղżʲôƨݵһĲǴİʫ̫ˣҺĽһȥ¥Ⱦƣ֪ԸԸ⣿
ҶһԼһȷĲ·гӾȻõֳߵ¥غǮΪλȥŵ벻סԼȥⲻҪģʶȻòˡԼովܾ룬ֻȥЩãԼܷŵǸδ֪ȴҲ̫żʶŵͬ£¹ֵʶӵСܵңǳлʢֻҽ£Σ
а̨סȥ
Ҷ룬ѾŶ˵棬ʱӦ֪ûпܽˣǲУͨҹϵ΢Цʱסݿջ
úãǾ˵ˣ㣡ǿ˵ˡ
а
Ҷ캣Ǻ󣬻ص˿ջ͵ŴոŶ椼棬СӰæˡ
һ˯÷ǳİȣֱڶͣ˹Сˮϴֵһ̾ƵˣȻȥŸݾ¥ԼԤһ徻չ֣ѾȫһЩҪĽμˣ֪öһ¥
ʱˣǮϣǮƶĴڿջ̨ƹⲽš
ٳſڣѾɢˣſѾûʲô˽ŵŷڵϣһûһġ
ؿŶûУȴһϲĽӣ
Ҷͷ㿴˶ŶվڲԶ߻һ׷ԲԵߣӵش
Ŷ˹¿˿Ȼ磬ֻ¾ͲôװͰ͵۸ˡ߹үүˡүүӣвŵģһҪ
ζŶ椺ܵүү簮
ҶѾӶŶ֪үүжŴõһݵҲԼܷıµĹؼϽǰЦһأҶݼүү
ŶеǣϲŶŴĸ첲ķӦ
ŴҲ¶΢ЦƵƵͷֵܲض񣡡
Ҷݾ¥һүүͶ椹һˮƣ֪λϷ͹⣿
Ŷ椼Ҷ˻£ɴϲϽҡүүĸ첲ȥѵ˼һ⣬үүǾȥɣ
Ŵ簮ֱаǾ߶ֵˡ
ﻰŶ˵үүʮǰܵүүĽ̻壬֮롣
£˽˾¥ҶԼԤСϽߡ
ݾ¥Ҳľ¥֮һˣĿˣ඼Щݵģһ뵹
Ǿ¥´õʱ򣬱һһ߳Ծһ˷ܵţһûпӹӵǱһǵһμ˳ԱǱЦ
һĽͼʣʲôʫѵ߲ʫ
ǵȻĿ֮£ô˶ˣм٣˼ӹӳ⣬ʫ׶룬ӹݵһӣɳӣȴһë󣬾ȻƤԼǰĴ¥Ѿʫ˳뷴Ϊʤ˼ӣ߲һɳʫʫֻ̫һ飬Ǽǲסģֻסɵģһȥ̨˷Įڣƻ衯ѾǺεȵˣе˰¥һΪʤٺٺ٣
һõʫ䣬ϧûг¼úðݶݶ
ð죬üԣɳʫֻһ飬ס˴룬¼ˣ˵ѾӦȥʱԲˡµĴ룬ܶ˶ˡ
㳭ûУ
ңĿôУ棬ûгʫӲ֮һģǰףرǵڶ͵ףҲһľʣҼԲãǲסֻǵһǡʹ֪ͣδ硯磬ֻҪоƣҲǹˣǸʮľƹ
ӵȴմ
ҵǼסˣ˵Ҷ
⼸˵ʱ򣬶ŶѾߵ¥ݵһ룬⻰һӶվסˣҶѯҶЦЦʼ硣
ŴͶŶ椻һۣЦˡŶ椸˷ܣֱסҶĸ첲һ¥ֱ֮ҶԸСһ¾ϯ
ž֮󣬶ŶżҡҶĸ첲һ˷ܵ¥Щ˵ģǸʫսʤĲ
ٺ٣ǰֻûа취Ϊ֪ҪΪֻвҲǲеģҪǮ´㣬ӦǲĵĹأûʲôǮֻдʫԲôȵӣĿǮð¡ܲǮҡٺ٣
ʵʵ˵ֻΪŴŵһǱϤˣ˺ź˵ô̹׵˵ҲܱԼ̹ϣײöԷĺøС
ȻŴźЦͷܺã⺢˵ҲʵϣʤݵһĲ飬һҹ֮㴫ݳˡҲѾȻôв飬Ϊβȥƾ٣;αҪıȡһССְλ
Ҷ֪֮ģϮʫУҪԼдһ׳Ǿ͸ɵˡ˵ˣƾɲǻᱳʫˣסŸЩ͸״ԪˡͬʱƳĿƾ¼ȡʷǳĵͣѧʷ֪ƳٵҪ;ƾ١Ҫ;ǿƾ٣Ǻߡ
ǴԹϵĹͶϮ١ҲǴûйƷǨΪйƷڹ١һӰԱԱߣһֱؼؼʡɲʵͨ;Ҫ;ƳĹ١֮䲢ûвԽĺ蹵෴ͨƷΪ٣ǺܳģƳͨȵٵ;ȥͨƾֱӵٵʮ౶ԣ·Ҷ˵ס˵ˣٳϵҲζ統Сң


13 Ϊ֮
Ҷֵ˻Ἰʫʲ޼֮šԣƾһ;ʵʵӵúá
Ŵͷ椾һֱ߶˵вţҰ㣬ҲôţԿ֪óʫʣƾһ㣬ﵱǴ´ˡֻвͬĹһɣ
ɣ˵ͨҲһЩ˽⣬ȥ̷֪вУ
ŴЦˣ̷һҪͨɣ̷ʮ꣬˶ȥˣ˵Ͼͨɵģ˭ûУ˽һģȴҲ࣬ЩδĹɷһĸ˶ꣿеľϣ֪
ҶæֵҪүү̡үүĽ̻塣
ŴŻ׺룬úãؼһ֣Բ
Բ
ţԲԲѧʴأԳ٣ԲǰķУҪ񣬳ԽİӣҪַֿϳٵ⡣ԴͬţԲЦӭˣԻԴ̣ʲ٣˶˵áԴҪЦνȲҪֵܣػ飬Ҫʱʱ־ηĴм֮Բ֣ŵܶ࣬˵ؼԼˡ
˵ЩҶִٳС˵ˣȻȴһϲ״ֵүүһ̻壬éٿԭһͷˮѾǲƼգȻˡлл
Ŵͷ̾һ˵úɣʵѣñ࣬ȻЩף̫׽棬²ԲԴελᣬյϣһССҪǰ֮Ϊ䰡
ҶаЦ̸ֽ֪ˣҪȻôô껹ϲȥһСٶûлϣô룬ȴǳ羴֮飬үүǫˣˮĹ٣ʮˣүүҲûбˡı£ҪѧᣬѾˡ
ŴЦǺ˶Ŷһۣ⹫ӵͦ˵ġ
ǲүүǴӦæˣŶϲ
Ŵæ˵˵ûģֻǡ
ҶԼ֪ͷĵʲôϽ廰֮Ѿˡ
ŴʱȻһЦ㵹Ǻܴ׼˶٣
һǮһöֵŹǮ塣Σ
Ŵͷ˵ܾŵģֻةξ˵ҲãΪ⼸ұۣǱˣһǲᷴԵġǲ׼ģΪҲСģˡԣȥةξеһǰæ˵˵¾ͳˡ
Ǿ˭ȽϺأ
ŴƬ̣ҵȫʢɣҵ˾ǹϵһֱҲȽϸӡ˵ˣǮҲֻġҪةͲˣҪ˵
ҶͷƳٵļ۸ǹߵģԼԤϲ㰡æֵлүүԼȡһͭǮڶŴǰһ⣬үүæ汣м
Ŵ΢ЦͷѾԲܺãһˮ
ҶϵֻǸмүүæԱѣȽţΪһ֮µġ
ŴͷŮŶһۣǶһٶҶңҲǲġҪл͸л椺ˡ
ҶæֶԶһأл椹
Ŷֺֺּߣˣǲ໥æ𣿡
ŴŶЦЦһǮƵŶǰŰɣүүˡ
ллүүŶùһǮ
ʱƲ˷׷ˣҶƵƵٱƣֻ˵ѸүӺת
ڣƱ㣬ŴϣҴȥξңڵʱ㻹ҡ
ҶæӦˡ
ŴŮҲ˰ɣ
үүߣٸ˵˵
ŴЦЦ˸ãǺãҾˣųԣ˵˵˵գŶŶ椼ۡ
ŶЩߣֵ˶Ŵĸ첲һ£Ťֵ֫үү˾⣬·Ҫģˤˡ
Ŵӻ֣үүûİɣƳ¥ˡ
ŶæѷŹϣڴȡһű񣬷Ҷǰˣ֮ȥǼǣͿԷ·ˡԺͲˣ
Ҷϲб£ⶼŪˣ
ûʲôϽɡ
ҶǰѾʹϺֶļסַݾ¤أ±дˡһдԼдԼðǸɡ
д֮ݸŶ椣Ŷ椿һۣϼҾ¤ذǵطƫԶý˵ǷĶࡣ
ǰǰ
ڼߣ
ǰٺ١
Ǽֵܿ࣡ŶЦߵһǮƵҶǰǮջȥɣ
Ϊʲô
˭˭ңҰ㣬ⲻǳƽԺǿʫᣬǰĿŪָ㣬ٰңҲǮˡв
ٺ٣Ǯԣռ;Ҫģдʫܷӵģ
Ŷ椸һİۣ֪ԣ
Բ㲻ҲΪԣųô𣿡
ôˣܶ˾ϲֵŮأ㲻ϲ
Ҷʼ磺νݶ㣬ѣֲţȻʼݡ
Ŷ΢죬ų𣿡
ɣ㻹øϽİ·Ūã˵õţҲܶȣȻϼξӡ󲻺á
˵ҲǣǺã߰ɣ
Ҷʺ˳ſڷ֡Ҷص˿ջһѾû̫ſȣԺܿͻָŵһ鱦װľºӣһһСصջһͭǮڴھСһ
æˣóһᡶɡһ߷һߵȶŴ
ɽϼ졣
¥ŲţСӣ
˭Ҷ˺ü˵ĽŲʵ
ûشͬеѾ֣С캣ҹ˵õģһ¥ȥģ
Ҷæȥ򿪷ţȻ㿴ֺ캣żʹվſڣ
Ҷֻ񣬵⻹ء
ˣȥԷ˷źúȾƣոȾ߰ɣһжСܰˣҸطԷȥ
ҶǸһһҪڻȥ
캣ЩʧǡҪȵʲôʱ򣿡
˵Ҫȥ¥ңҰ¾


14 ɱŹ
ҲãһҪҲˣȥ¥һԷȾƺˡǾƲʵôֻܽˡ캣˵ţͷʹӹһӣ򿪸ӣ׻ۣñӺЬӡ
캣·ݣҶӵԲϣֵһʣ̨˲飬˵ʵȴĲ鲻䰡¥ЩӶЩֻۣˡСǰСܻûз֮ʱֻۣϧûȴֵôˡһֱţõϣ㴩ȥ˾òã˾ˡ
Ҷһۣոµĳ·Ƶģǰ캣˶Ժܶ⻰һ㶼ŷҶæƵġҶԵͷӸЩͭıһֵý
ûҶ˵캣Ѿת˻⣬ֵ¾ææСڴ¥֣˵գʹˡ
ҶԼ˵ٲȻѾǶƵģ˵Щ˼ǷţҲԸ
Ϸţһ׽ۻˣȻʮֵĺ̾ӺϸôṤѾԼ߳룬

ٳá
ʱ֣ξȫʢⲽ˽ţֱԼǩѺߡһ·վһʩ񣬵ȥæԼġξһУѾ޶ãֻƲʯǰš
쵽ǩѺʱԱߵ̷Ｘ˵ʲô̷˾һֽҡͷԶš˹ȥ
һǼϽЦݣվһߣͷֶΨ£ͷʫ䣬ûпأĳޣʫ䵱дúüˣѹĲĶ֣߲ʫĲɶˣʲô浱ʲôݵһӣ
ЦѾſڵĵȫʢϽø첲ͱһ£תͷȥſŬŬ죬»ͷŷſվŵĵȫʢһæ֣ڨڨξ
ȫʢһʲôأô֡
ûûʲôȫʢʫ壬־ףЩεЦŲ֪ô졣
̷˾ְϿطԺͥͥǣȴͬ˾ҲûйƷȫʢξȴǴӾƷϣϸ֥С٣൱عֳָطԺԺйϵְӵؼ˾Ȩư󰸣Ǽع־ֳͷԺԺȫʢֱ쵼Ժǻ̿֡
ʫ𣿸ٿ˵գ
ֻðʫڨڨϴ¥ǰһҶдļʫûмȫЦء
ϵ飬ȫʢѾ˵ˣɨһʫ䣬ûȥʲô˲ĵط˵գ֣ʫ壬ת߽Լİ칫ǩѺ
Ƽݣһص˾ôˣ
̾һǲ֪𣿵ξĲĸһεģҹϵõúܡĲ裬ҲÿҸղû˵ʲô׵ĻɣǼʵЩµξˣعٲֹܣǻ˷ֹ쵼ǲԼҲз
˵ʵæҡͷЦ˾û˵ʲô׵Ļ
¿ЦҡҡͷܾԼǰ˵ʲô̫õĻһţ벻˵ʲôˡ
һϵȽϽЦʫҲûʲôξӦòƽЩİɡ
֪ʲô³̾һ̫˽ξˡ

ȫʢڿļ棬˶󿴲ˣΨܲССۣϵʫ塣
ͻȻһץʫ壬ˢˢ˺÷飬˵ϡҧгǸ֡Ҷ
һϸôȥĲҿοһ¡ǩ鿪ʼġ
һ״ӣǺ´ǿ鱻ŮһӣҪҪȥ顣һαѾˣһֱ鲻ãЩŭҪʾأ۾ͻȻסˣϡˣҶ
ҶѵǸĲҶ
ȫʢţ͵ϣɲܷŹˣ
Ĳĸԭٳصةݸ¼²ξ£ƷܡȫʢһССһõξλ˾ĸм˵ģȻΪְλҲûٸ񣬵ǵ˾Ĵмġ
֪ٵĶĲʫһҶ֮ҲӼҺܲˬھȻһҶ˴״ӣʱ¶ЦǲǸҶɱŹץʹһٴ˵һ¶ָ´˭˴˾˻ã
ȫʢҪԸ۴ϺǴʵҶͻȻַ֣Ǵʺ滹м֣дǸ״ֶ
йŴ͢ǲ˴˾ģƺ˾ԭ桢족ǵ˵˼ԣ˴˾˸ɶ񣬰ŹأˣſԸ𡣲Ǹ״˵⣬׵䣬֮԰ӷ˵æʴ˾ˡȻҶϺֶǾûɴİˡ
ȫʢת˼תȴû뵽ʲôð취հ󰸹ëٱ٣뵽ȫʢݶÿ״ʾ̷ʱ
ɢãȫʢûֱӻؼңٸڰݷá
ŵʱŷЦ˵ξүãүڷƢڸү죬ȥȰȰɡ
Ŷô£
үһʫ˵¡Ƕ£Сүûˡү˵ء
ˡ
ҶӼҵĳͣҲҪͨԼȥ鷿ǲϵȡ裬ҪԹһССĴ۱ô;ϵķƱãҵҪлӣĥĻᣬһѵõĽѵǺ£㻹ԹʲôҪȥ㻹𣿡
ǲĲҴС󣬻ûˣܴ裬һôȥģһҪһΡ
㻹Ӷò𣿡ŭôȥأǸ˵ʫд裬ź£ȴӣ㲻öˣΪöˡ


15 ͭ
ȫʢæصؿһĻͣסˡ˽ȥʩְݼܡ
ٿһۣϵŭŽˣͷãҺúýѵһˣ
ȫʢ˸ԱվŵĲһۣ΢ЦҲ˵ˣĲ˵ûʫдҪ̫ˡһˣһδؾֵ̲ôһ㣬ŷݵһӵ
Ĳ̧ͷҪ˵ȴͣؼۣλȫʢ˽⣬֪άĻĻŶһûз
˵ȫʢȰ˵ŭɢһЩӻ֣ˣ˵ȥɣ
ĲתȥȫʢһۣȥȰ䡣˵׷˳Ĳ㲻Ҫżһһ
Ĳվס˻ͷЩɻ
ȫʢмֵЦЦ͵ſְɣһĺÿģ
㲻ȥɣ
˹ˣܸ׵飡ԼײҵġԺٸ˵
ţлξ
лʲôһ˲˵һȫʢļ۸۸ңˣҲ̲£
Ĳͷ㬵ˡ
ȫʢص鷿ٻ΢Ц׾࣬ˡ
̾һһССĴ۾;ܲˣԺô죿һָܽ;أԸ;ô˽ôҵɫʧ
ȰġʵҲܹĲôǸҲ̫ЩȻڴ¥ǰ˵ʲô峵ʫ˶ۡʲô߲ʫҪ˶ڽ¡Ĳ˿߲ųġҲ֪ﳭʫҲûʤĲģĲ˳˵ĲˣҪĲڳ壬ҪĲˣ˵Ĺֲ֣ҲѹĲˡ
ٲ֪ʱʵ飬Ҳ֪ȫʢȫڵߵڰסòɵüͷ嵽һ𣬺һʲôͷôţ
˵ǳһϺֲ˵ĲũԶֶ̼֮ôˣ͵ˣսթ֮
š
ܷģݲ鱰ְᴦġ
ҡͷ֣ĲʫǺܶ˶֪ģǶ˵飬ҪǴʲôɣ˼Ͼͻ֪ģǿɾͲˡһдʫģһ˵һѣ̫⡣Щѧģмģ飬һãͲҪȥˣ˼˵ҵл
ȫʢڨڨ˵ǡְĿǳ
Ƶϴθ˵ϵİӣϾͷˣôá
ܷģְһ޷죡
Ǿͺãղ˵öԣ̼֮͵ˣʵȤĴǮȴȤģҪǿϣҲЩ¡
ǰǰСͭ׵úܣͻ鷳ҪǮ˭
˵һлȫʢǣ뿪ӼңصԼڡ
˱װԹȫʢԼոɽŵС檵Цʹ˵п˰ݷã˰
ȫʢһԼ̷ŴİСӣǰãɴʲôôˣĪô飿
ȫʢԸ룬ָ檵Ц֮ⲽ˻ͻ
߽㿴ŴһΣϷŴССæʩ
ȫʢ֪п϶Ʒ̫ˣѾľˣӣΪʲô֮ҵԼйϵġЦǺǶԶŴͷô뿪ţǰɻøˣ
ŴæǰⶼеξĸƼȫʢϥֱ۷ƾϺ̹΢ЦղξˣմһСֵݷãͻˡλСֵҶ¤ʿξԸһݻˡ
Ҷ
ȫʢЦһ϶۶ʱſˣС̶´һҶ˵ڴ¥ǰʫѵһҲǽҶĪǾǸ£
Ҷæֵ֮٣ξЦˡ
Ȼ㣬̫ˣȫʢƵĽкã̤Ьٴȫѹ򣡡˵֮󣬱һֱĥһεأһȻȲŻ簡
ξˡ
ǹʫҲݶˣ֪ҹ¸죬˭ƻСʹ֪ͣδ硣ǺʫرдѾļ䣬һȥ̨˷Įڣƻ衣֮ʣ˲Ȼ¡ãʫ
ʫܵõξʶʵҡ
˵ЦŴȴǶͷк飬һȫʢᵽ飬һڣôˣȫʢĲĸһεİԼû뵽磬յ飬ֻҪƣ
Ҷȴ֪Ļ΢Ц˼ϵӣ¶һǮ塣һ⣬ξЦɡ
ȫʢ۾壬ʱ۷Ź⣬ݵĺᶼڹҶƺʿˮһǸ̰ƵļһҶﰵЦӦⲻˡ
ҲˣҶĲȫʢлߣϧȫʢûעĲƷѹ֪Ĳġ
ȫʢջĿ⣬ҶСֵͱôһݺǲô鰡
ǵģֻ̽ξһѡ׿ɷһֱһǷǣ壬Ͷţ̷ıһ¡
Ŷ
һҶȻҪԼµȫʢЦˣת˼ת÷Ѿ˵˲ҪŶ־ͲˣֻУȰŪһúʰ
ȫʢЦ̫ˣ˲飬ܵŰ£Ӣ֮ˡٷǳĻӭȥ̷£ǿҪɵģҪ㣬Σ
õģξ⡣
šȫʢź룬ǴΪ̣
ҶЦˣҲ̫ˣԼʷоش𣬱Ƿѧϵıѧ˷ͨʷҲ֪ȻɵֳԼ͵ӣ˼Ƭ̣ŹֵƺӦǡסȡͽ
ȫʢصͷ˰죬̽һ䣺ÿһַּȣ


16 ̵ļǮ
Ҷƻش𣺡̷ȣһʮʮʮʮʮ׼̵ģֱͭһﵽꡣ̷ȣʮһֹΪͭﵽʮͽ̷ȣֱһꡢһ롢ꡢ꣬ΪͭʮﵽʮΪȣǧǧǧΪʮʮһٽֻнʺն֣׼̵ģΪͭһٶʮ
ȫʢЩ⣬Ҷһۣܲٿһ⡣ҪǴǾϸ񣡡
õġҶŶš
ν飿
ҶЦ̻Ҫ򵥣ʲôԣȴסʡ͡ܡڡ˷ʮ֮⣬µҪһȴҪɴʡĶüо̶ۣ֮󣬱ʵ۲þ
ȫʢϾȵıŨˣС̶۱һ죬͸϶ҶͷѾͨˣٻٿѶõ⣬Ƕģ𣿡
Ȼû⣬ξ⡣
š˵˵ʲôϣ
ҲѣҶǣһԻǿ˵Ҫǵĵģ˵ѣԻɫǿı飬Ҫɫ˵˵ѣԻǿϢǶ϶Ĳͣ˵ѣԻǿ۲˵ǻװѯʣԱʱĥôѻԻĿ˵ѣĿҶֱӡֹ۲죬óԷǲ˵ѣӶжϰα
ȫʢЦˣƵúãܺã벻ᣬʫʸ踳ʮ˵ãҲ˾ͨܺãǰ;ɣϾ͸£ԹӵĲѧܾģţ㰲ְλ
ҶϲæֵлξһŬ£ξĲ࣡
ŴȫʢȻӦˣЩ⣬죬ȴ֪˵ʲôá
ҶŴϣξæǾͲ˰ɣ
ŴæԶԣˣ
ȵȣȫʢסǣϵҶûȥ

˵ȫʢһ磬֪ģǸˣٴһžܾ֮ԴӦŵҪĲѧЩ޲֮ˣǰһɽҲûаôģ԰ɣȫʢŴ
ŴæЦǡֵܵһ⣬ξ
ȫʢҲŵˣô뿪ûм죬ѧǰп룿ŪЩ˵ĹаûȥҲͲˣ
ȫʢӵ۾ģŴЩ⣬æҶʾһɫ¡
ҶЩףֻýӹ˶ŵȫʢ
ȴ֪ȫʢѾҪҶȻǮƣĨӣµʱ֦
ȫʢҶǮ˻ȥһЦҶļ򣬵Ϊ࣬һԺž˾֪ˡˣšٺڴһ֮
ǣлξ
ҶŶŴǳţ߳ԶЦԶŴãξʵⶼü򵥣ҪȻ鷳ˡ
ŴԵһЦʳôͲˡͲɣǿһҵִ°˲Ͼͨɵˡ
⵹ǸִĳЩλ쵼Сִ¾ڵ쵼顣Ҷļס˵֡Լһֵۣʵξôأ
ŴҲһͷˮҲҲһˣûһβµģ֪һô¡Īǡ
ĪʲôҶЩ
ȫʢ¿˿һҪ㣬Ҿʵ˵ɡ춷ʤǸݵһĲ֪˭𣿡
Ҷͷһݣҡҡͷ˭
ݸõķ٣
ݸ÷ܣȫƽ¼²ξ£ǴƷϵĹ٣ΪƳطֻأԸҲ൱ڵʡⷨҲʡ߼ԺͥͥؼɲҲʲô̫Ĺ١ҲԼҪȥãҶԷġǣŴĻһ
Ŵ˵پٳõةε˸á
ةǸسǸ÷ֻǸ߼Ժִֻͥ²ΣƳְةֻǴӰƷ£ƼǷܣǴƷϵؼǸؼȻˡ
Ŵֵȫʢʱһֻõͽӷܣһ·Яһֱξ˵ӷܵĶӣξø㼱
԰Ϊʲôҽţѵͣ׽
̵ģɲˣĲˣȻٶֻǸؼƼعٲֹܣ°£ҪǲǷַӵ飿
Ĳ
Ŵ粻̾һԲˡ͸ôȥ
ûõģֻҪǽã°£㲻ġ
ҶЦ̵ģȥʲôʫҲΪ׬Ǯ߹ϵıְλ벻ӷܵĶӣϵһεĵξǡԼ쵼Ҳ̫С˰ɣ
Ŵͷ˵ҲǡҲûа£ҲûǮˮƯҪȻ˰ɡ
Ҷһ׷ˣؼƼɲӾͲѹǵĿɽת˼תݳûǲĹٶ
Ŵˣ΢ЦǹǵĹٶˣ󶼶ʷүͲ˵ˣݸžвٸǹĹٶݸݡʷ˾õ϶۳嶼ξɶģǱǹٸߵġЩɲƽͷܰͽϵġ
ǿɲһҶ룬ƽͷҲвٸ߲쵼Ϲϵģϰ壬ǡִᣬʦҪӴһЩҵϰ壬ǺȲ贵ţҲͨʶһЩ߲쵼ŵҲǺģҪ˵Щϰ壬Ҳƽͷգܸ߲쵼ʲôǿң
ЩǣҲ쵼ߵĴˣʲôӡ̵ģǮûж٣ǣǰͻһ¥ݵͷƣǴ˰ɣβȥˮҪǲУٴùġ캣͵¥ԼҲҪȥġ
뵽⣬ԶŴϵشҺú롣
ŴͷҲãôԵźӶͬ࣬Ҿǣһô¡
õģлүү


17 ԡ
˶ŴҶȵԼסĿջֻȡһСǮǮ캣ͣҲԼǮţֱȥ
¥ǰ˿ģҲ඼īˣΪ¥Ĺղĸ輧Щīϲĵ
Ҷߣй깫ӭЦˣף𣿡
Ҷһ£ʶң
ѽ¥ǰʫѣݵһĲʱǾſڿءô᲻ʶأİɣѽǲɣп˰żСȥһô˵Ѿ˵ˣֻҪˣġ
Ҷͷȥ˵ȥ캣ӣ𣿡
ˡӣ캣ĳͣ깫û˼شСȥ
Ź깫¥һ⣬캣Ǵɤŵ÷۸ʫʲãȻҴˣ֪
Ҷ΢΢һЦŽȥ㿴캣һұһĵŮӣǰļϰ˾²Ⱥơڴõм䣬һŮӣڸ١Ž̧ͷһɴϲԭˣϽ񣺡檳÷ݼӡ
ŮȻϵԼӦþҹ¥ϹƵŮ֮һˣҶֻǱ캣ѾվЦˣСܿɵˣԵ㶫ٺȾơȥϲˣٽӰһŮӴӦˣϽȥ
ȵҶ£캣λԵòŮӣλǴ¥֮һ÷ؽŶСҲǵһμոճһԼʵӣ˵ָ㣬ãָһ
ǳ÷ҲеҶ빫Ӵͽ̡
ϴҶֻ񡣴̴ϣһֻȿ
ǳ÷Ȼû󣬵ڴ¥Ҳǰéģ캣ӽĺͣòײŶӽ
Ϊ÷Լһʢ迴赸ģûвΣģûҶһ߿мһЦġֻҹҶı֣ó÷ӡ̫ˣ˼ҵĲѧʮԼҲȲ
£÷΢΢һЦһ״ʣ빫ָ̣ٸٿɺã
аҶ׽ţ˵
÷е
Ż
ԧֳ֯ɡ
ֱֻü
ַ
һޣ
μ棿
Ҷˣ΢Цͷдúܺãڽ֯һԧ죬ǽҪȥ·İðԧмˣȥ·ˣһԿԧ죬ʹӴһô취ټ棿״ʣд÷ǳĴ񡣵ȷһѵõĺôʣֻ̫һЩ²ţҲһ״ʣβΣ
÷ϲãܵùӺϴʣ÷֮
Ҷҧһڼȣ£룬гӹС˵Ӣ۴Ĵ
Ż
ԧ֯˫ɡ
δȰͷ
̲ݣ

ԡ¡
Ҷϣ캣ƽкãַɲãһϴǲ£ôʣôʰ
ǳ÷ȴǵĳˣվҶ״ʣⲻȴֲܵõ뵽Ĵ
ʱһŮҲкõӣ˵˼ҵĴˣ˵գűƿˣſڣվһλǧģ欵ľɫŮȴǴ¥
캣ˣһֱҪҪдѵĽǮҪϵĲѧҪԼʫ͸ĿˣҳΪĻ֮캣еǮΨûʫĲܣ֮ôͽҶ֮һĿģĲ飬ԲԼΡڣĳˣԼãܲϲ
캣Ͻǰһأ캣ܼҡ
ֻ΢΢ͷһ˫ĿȴҶģƣҶǰתͷһ۳÷ЦҶһõģȴʱʱļ˼״ʣ˵ĵףֻ½ҹˡɶĺ£
ҶżȣЦ㲻йôпң
ݵһӵˣܲολͣҲ͹Ӳ飬ӣҹԼһ֪ӿϷ͹⣿
ŶĹҪң˭
ȥ˲֪ˣ
а߰ɡҶżҪߣ캣Ͻһ磡ܴܲСܣ
ûҶشѾü΢λͲ˵ġ
Ҷһתˣҵĺֵܣһȥɡ
캣ϲϽԶԣĺֵܣˣٺٺ١
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻˣǾһȥˡ
˵ŻѾ޵Ůӹˣ칫ӣҪĹˣǴ仨
캣Ͻŵ˭ҪЩӹ֬׷ˣҿûҪ
ҲǵˣתڵҪģߴˡϽŮӸЦȥˡ
캣ڨڨˣǸˡٺ٣
ûпֻǺҶ
Ժߣţ㿴һֲѾߣǽһС԰Ǵ¥ĻеĵԺӡ֮ԺʯŴ¹Ե÷ǳģ԰һɫӣſСѾߣǽϽ
֮ǰһϣһˣƳףƮݡҶǽҲֻ΢΢ͷ
˺ôļӣҶЩˬûǰʩҲǴվӡ
΢ЦӣλƴүɣλҪˡ
ƴɵͷð
ҶҲ΢Цûʩ񣬵ãˣҵҲдɡ
ƴɵĴЩį½дɵĶȥˡǶˡ
Ҷ׽ģһҭ˻ȥϴĲʹ졣
Ѿ߸Ͻ齣ϼ캣ǹƨȶӣΣҶȴϥһֻˮ㣬ȴûгʳļѾˣ°ѹͷϣһƴɵ˼һûг극ȳԵ㶫


18 įɳ
ƴӶЦƴɵߡƴҶ˵ҹſʫʤݵһӵ顣ļʫҲˣȷֻܲǿϧûܼȫˡ֪ܲܰﳭ¼ĴȫҲ۰
Ͻóʫ壬Ҷǰ
Ҷɨһۣձ￴ûпһ̨ģȴһ̴̵ļһԼļƻҪˣңĿ˵ļһһȾƣʵȤȥ캣˺ȻƸˬ
뿴ҵʫ̬ȴǰúܣҪʵʵдˣʲôӣµЩʫʲôֵôѾȥǵģҹˡֵȻпˣˣտɷ񵥶Ӽأ
æȻԣֻǹӽռȻˣΪҪżűأѾ˵ˣˣҪΪ׸ġӲ𣿡
ƴҶȻǵģҲӿ뵥˵̫ϲڳ˼ģղ︧ٳոһ룬ȤءҲֻܺƤˣӼ¡
Ҷ˵ϣҪǼߣ˼ҹӣԼҪأ̴̵ֻܰļһﵱ͸ˡϥ£´λȻ̨⣬Ȼǲġܼĸ裬ǿÿ飬ҪǲӣЩ֪ˣֻ߲¥ٺٺ١
ƴɺﶼЦˣ캣Цøղ˵ҶҪߣżˣɴϲԶԣܼĸ裬ңǺú͡
ҶԸ£¶ϲɫߵǰ㵯һǰ֮´ʰɡ
ƴɵͷԭɢıѾˣҲࡣֻҶԭϥģڣˣһ˳һţʵѿҶԼȴãﻹ̵ֹģƳҲ̫ˣӶûУʲôʱöӣܵҪ
аһֻ٣ָʳһɢ֮Сת
̰ϡĺ
࣬
봹
ͣ粻ס
žɽ
âЬ޶ݣ
Ϫϣ
ľ·
ʦȥ
һ˭Ϊ
״ʣһĺƮıįľҶգбۿȻƺѾ׸Ⱦˡ룬ԭСӸһҲǿ;ݣԲһ״ʡ
ٺ٣̴̶żӵļһﲻóӱһ㣡
뵽ҶƵ˹׸裬˼įµ޹龰ȾңҵʫˣҲһף֪λûȤ
ϲôûУ̫ˣ빫ҲΪһףɺã
аҶߵ󴰱ߣƿ¹⣬ͩ棬°߲Ҷ龰ĴʡӡҹգͻȻ̧һָеѽһֻº˹ȥ
𣿡ۿϡȴûпʲô̾Ϣ˰
Ҷͷ±ԴΪʰɡ˼״е
ȱ¹ͩ
©˳
ʱ˶
翹ºӰ
ȴͷ
кʡ
𾡺֦ܣ
įɳ䡣
Ҷ״꣬캣ƽк֮⣬ȴûƴɵκηӦЩ֣ͷȥֻƴѾ˫Ŀᣬб֮ɫȴʹҲȻεӡ
캣Ҳ˵ĲԾϽѽкͣˣЩ֪Ҷ
ƴ⸱ӣҶﱾˬҪľˣЩͬ飬екܶĳ࣬Բű°ĴʸȾ㹰ֵЦˣ
ƴɣɡ
ƴм鱻һסˣ̧ͷ˿ͻȻߵԱǰһֻëʣһ̨ߵѩ׵ķǽǰдҶе״ʡ
Ҷɷ裬ǿ鷨ʮ˵ã˼鷨ôã°һҲġж˼ӵķм˼֡
ƴдգ˺ǽϵʫû˵ȥӹ̨ͱʣҲû˵ĬĬݹһ־
ƴɽӹᣬΣų̾һҶЩɳƣӣлл㡣Ϊʲʮףһҵġǳĸл
ҶЦЦС˼
ǿЦˣҲĹˣٲҪȥˣ˵Щֵɡ
캣һ廰ԶԣҪǻĴսΣ˺Ⱦƣ˾ơ
ĴսǻȭֻǹִĲ̫һһ㶼Ǵƽ֮䶷ʱϷŵˣ¡üһۣ캣Ҳ֪ȤϽĴסû˵
ƴȴ⣬ǸúȾƣҲܾûдһˣյõ׺ôʣֵһ룡
զ࣬ȴûзԣѾ߻˴룬ƴ͵Ҷǰӣĳ㣡
ҶҲǸƹȻֿ˻ٴ̴̵Ķ˼ӣҲͰǰĲ׵Ժ󣬽ӹ룬ƴһȸˡӴЦ
£־Ҷƴɸһ룬ȴûо캣캣ƤҲںԼ˾ơҶȻǸԺȣƴɺȴֻǳǳһڡ
ƴҶ߾ͣ
Ҷٳõ
ŶƴɺЩȣõ
һԵ캣ǾϲҪ˵ǰѾ˵˳ԼǺֵܣԼ֪ʲôֵֻܰЦš
Ҷͷǰ
ʲôģ
֪˵ʵɣǽȷŵģҸʲôһ֪ء
ϣʲôأ
ҵɻԣϣ̷ġֻǲ֪ܷԸ
ƴ룬ӼȻоһӣ֪ô죬ܷͽ̣
˵
ģһиӻиС檣ûСȴһӣǳϲȴܶʼɡһ죬ǼҵļʹԤı׼˲ڵʱС檣ҿ͵͵˲ûеóѡǳºܿںʹģû֤ݡѼʹӰ˸ˡҪūıɱ⼸ū͡ûй涨Ӧôźã


19 Ū
ūڼҪŹɱˣҪشġ˵ѾɱˣԤıɱ˻ûж֣ûκ˺Ҫն˺Ҫͷġǣ֮以Źıɱֻһ໥ıɱû˺ģֻͽꡣԣӵĹؼС檵ݾ˻ū澣Ҫǲ⼸ʹӾҪ򣬾ֻͽ顣
Ҷڼƶġ顷Ѿ˹涨ʱġɡȴûУҲݡ
ҶؿƴһۣҲǹٸˣ
ǾͲ۰ˣ
ȻԡҶ֪ƳĿƾһŽǿɵġжҲ֣ڷɴѧеѧһ
ҶⰸӣؼС檵ݡǲǾ˵ݡ
ƴɵͷȻС˻ū澣ɲûй涨
ôûй涨оаֻҪǡϷֲơģ㲻ˡ檶ֵܷüҲƣǲˡ
涨𣿡
ҶǺĶʵҲ֪ʱǷѾ涨̫ˣǧ֮࣬һ˲ҵģӲͷƤȻСȥȻС檲ˣܲܰ˶ԴҪĶӵĵλС檸µĺӣڼǷˣֵܷܲòƲ
еˣһеˣּңԷֵòƲˡ
ƴɵˣѾ˵ˣĶӣ֮ҪӸŮһŲġ
ȻС檾ӦˡǼʹӦðūıɱ˴
ŶΪʲô
ܼ򵥣ĶӶˣѵĸ׵ĵλҪȶӵνĸӹ󣬡ĸڶ
ƴһţȻ򣬵԰˵̫ˣȷӦûˣĸȴ˵ĵܺãɷǳ˵ɹȻоҾһ룡
ˡҶƴɺһ롣
﻽ʦ֣Լˡ赸÷ǳĺãֳһջ󣬿Ҷ캣۾ֱˡ
һߺȾһĵٳ裬裬ƴʱʱҶһЩϵ飬ǴȾƣԹûжãҶƴɡ캣ˡ
ƴѾƺԼԼʹӽ˳ߵġһֱϳųԶȥŻ
֮ҶһЩˣΪҪ죬캣Ҳˣ֣»Ҫ˵Ȼȥɡ
캣ҲѾǰҲ˵ҶҪ˵£㲻ţҶߵ磬æˣСܣСܸ㰲ҹǴ͵ġٺٺ١
ˣҽˣ˵ֻ˯ҲˣȥϢɣ
캣Ҳˣڰ֣ҡҡλεĸǳȥˡ
ҶȻûǺȵö࣬ȴѾ߰˷ֵľ⣬죬˿ԳЦţ˵ӣʣΪβūҲдһף
ҶչȥҪǸдˣǲǱҹ
һ£Ȣϱ£ҪǸūˣұӦһҪ޳⣡ɺã
˻棿
Ȼ
ãҶóƴɹϵұԴΪ⣬㣬Σ
߲ʫūĽѣܵùΪūʣ°
Ҷüգرǽεĺ촽ع۵д˵ġϸӡ
ī仭
֬ȡ
ӻȹ
̴
ȥˮ
ɰš
ɽδƣ
һջƻ衣
״꣬ʵʵϲȴǹװʧӣεεòãưĸǣң׫ģãдһף
Ҷбƴɲɣ
ȻǣֻҵͶѡôɡ
Σ
㣿￩Цǵÿı£
£Ҷŵصͷ˿һۣЦɣҵıΣȻ֪ˡ
һڣū˵ʫı£ˣ޲һ裬裬ʫԣҶģҶˣѾ߰˷ֵľ⣬⻰Ĳų⣬Щˡһ׸ңҪϲġ
ϲˣɣ
ޣһ£ū˵ˣıӦһ顣Σ
ҶһʧҸʲôʣ
㣬дūҵľͺá
ղ˵ûɣ
ûС
ǺðɣؿշΪˡҶյסϪɳе
ĪŨ
δɳڡ
Ӧ硣
ζϣ
ٺСɣ
ʱն򻨺졣
״ʣﾹȻˣٴΣԼֻ򻨺ԼƽʱĻЦӳĵԼһʱļȡ״ʣд
ճյţ¥վǳ֮ƣԼҲúúÿһ½ûˡǰλŻ磬òϵѡֻԼ黹Ǽ⣿£ܲʡ
ҶĲ˵ó⣬΢ЦΣڸ˰ɣ
ηѣãЦūңһײ
СûˣѾϲҪƫƫ˵ϲǲӦԼҪҶбۿŮԶԼкøУȴװߣ̵ģԽߵŮԽˣ˲Ů˲
ҶһЦٸһҲ޷ֻ
ʲô
һ£˵գֹȥ§ס֫һѽ뻳Уĺ촽ȥ
벻һ˹ˣȻô׵İӲϹ飬ýһŤȥһǱ׵ϡϽƿҪߣȴֱӺ汧סһħצһϡ
ﵱղģӻû˵ǰˣʱ䣬Ӷ̱ˣﻹֻǲ̧˵ţӣҪ
Ҷ֣Цţ㲻Ҫһ״ˣ£гλڵ޴
ǳǰ
Ʊӵ
뱧ܺ飬
ʹʹʹ
ơ

΢ӿ
ݣ
ȫûЩ죬
طζɵ߿

۶ඵ
գ
Ū
ϣҶЦҲǡգŪΣ˵գת§ڻĺ촽


20 
˶ˣȫ޹ǣûһ˿ԷֻᱡģȻ˷Ӧ
Ҷ˱࣬ǵĶȻ׾Ȼûоû뵽Ů¥Ҳûɡ
ҶЩɣһŮ˵٣ûоǱʶؾⲻһ飬رڰٿñҪҪĹŴ
ǣ̫ǻˣǽƬ̣㽫ᱨţ߽ң崲ϣʼ´
ץס֣˵һ䣬ϾҶͣˡ˵㡭ҪΪȢ𣿡
輧Ҳڵĸǻ߽ʻǷƸ꣬ǣҪȢȥţɵĵŮǷʺţǿҪŮһӵˡ
ͣסˣѯʵĿ⿴
Ƭ̵ЪϢָЩֵҵķĳĸҳأͬԧһ겻塣𣿡
ҶһߣôΪһôҪɭأôŮԼûƷҪһŮ˹һӣɻȻǳȴҰŮ
ҶЦˣˣҲҪʲôֻҹˣֺˣҷϴ°Ъڿ㻹ѣͲҶˡˡúϢ
˵գۻĶͷһǣҪߡ
ȵȣҶվסˣת
ԹıӰ֪ԼĻסˡԼʤвֳĵҲǰһɲ׷ߡ̾һסԼ񣬵㡭㲻Ҫ˵ʲô𣿲˵ˣ
ҶһţղŹ͵ŮԼҪĿĶˡϽתǰ㲻ǲҸĴ𣿡
˵ֱǹ˵ϲף
˵ϴĲˡҶ˻ڴء
㲻ˣôԴ˼ң
Ҷ㲻𣿡Ҷ
жһĨߺ죬ͷһûмôˡ
ô˲Ů˲
Ҷֹ֣ȥ뻳㲻ϲ
Ļ̧ͷû˵촽Ρ
Ҷﻹ͵ססĺ촽ħצ˫塣˳ᱡżš
ҶָоԼʼȼգ׻ˣڼѵطſĺ촽Լħצˣ˵¡
һֻ˵СĻͷҪʲô˵գҶӦ㡣
⻰֮˸棬ҶԳϽһס˫磬Ķ˵ұҪӦɣϸϸ룬־Ҫ̫ˣǲǰ˩һ˵߲ǻء
̧֣ᰴס죬ĵãӽԺһñ𣿡
ҶͷˣϽת⣬˵ǻ϶ʶٴԹ󣬶԰ɣ
ﲻ֪⻰ʲô˼ͷ
Ҷûиʲôֻ֮ģ֪Щϲӹţ˵ݵĴԹīˣǵֻӦöǼΪѵõˡܲҼʶʶ
΢Цҿû˭ĲܳģЩԹ߲ʫôõʫʣ˵ݣƣҲ벻ĸʫܳ㡣ҲΪղҲšﲻ˼˵ȥˣߵ˽Ļ
Ҷ㷢ǼˣԲΣһûмȻʶʶʶ
̧̬Ȳû˵Ц˼Ǻãǵ²ֻҡø㿴
Ҷ֣ߵ鰸ԵһڴǰˣһһֻչҶȻݵһЩͷõĸ߹١
ҶĸȱʫδʣҲϲйֻԶЩоһ룬Щ˵ֻƷģûСֱһīɽˮۺƻֺ룬ʷ⾳ƷֻϧƳʱֻҲӸӡ£Կ˭ġתλ˵ī
һЦмƤŵ֣ϸܷ֡
𣿡ȥǻ½ǵһƬѰҡȻһϣϳһ֣ϸƣ٣
šǸõ˾
⸱ֵ治ãɰôõĶȴǱﰡҶֵضţĽԹš
һЦˣ⸱ȻȴҲʲôƷҪϲǾ͸ˡ
ҶҪþݸõ˾ȻֻһְûʲôʵȨǣϾǴƷµĹԱٻǵξɵѾ㹻ˣϾô༶ءҶҪľǵξɵԼܵĺ̨Ӷ̫֡㹻ˡ
һкٻִãԲˬĳλ߹ٵƬڿͻǰ꣬ĴʵҪ̫壬ЩͻΣΪԼ·а취ܰίеڣõλ˾ֻ취ξλʵԼʶ˾˵ĹϵǺٻ֮ơ
ѾоξԼĻϲ⣬ò
ҶװЩΪѵӣ̫ðɣ˼͸ġת͸ңҪô죿
İɣʡʣҾֱ˵͸ˣĲ飬᲻ͬġ
ŶҲ֪ң
Ĵݿ˵Ǽˣ˭֪
ҶǸֻãҿɾˡ͵͸ҵġ
šҵĶɵøҲµ㶫źá
аҪʲôһҲС
ߣϲذһۣðղף״ʸдûȫסУǼʫҲдȫˣ԰ɣ
Ȼû⣬ҵС˵ģȻҪհ졣˵գ§촽Ϻܿŵذһ¡
ｿߵظһȭߵ鰸ǰī
Ҷ÷⼸ʫдˣëʸ£֣˰ɣ
һһ飬λڵ޴ʱղŵ²ɵߡ
⺬ߴϲģҶĶ§һ´档
ʣס
ݿջʱģŵ鶨ˣҾҵطס
ţҪҸСլԺɣ


21 ¥
ɶҵСɣȻð׾һ㣬ҿɲǳŶ
ҶԴҡɹģӺɷôŮ˵Ǯסĵطģҵͣûеطס
ҲǺˣѿ˵⻰ģ˵˾ͺˣⲻ𣿼ȻܾˣûôһǸԲ˵ˣҵ˵ط͸ңòȥ㡣
аˣˣ
Ѿɷͣһֱ͵¥ſڣ
ȻƳʵأȴǲģҹ˾ҲҡҡλεĴ˵Żؼҡ
ҶѾˣһŨһݣ˲١Եûڴ˵˳ػص˿ջ
ˣõһɫˣһ˯ṳ́ʵһֱڶϡ
˯㣬ſ캣Ǵɤ£磡𣿡
ʲôҶαţЩûһ䣬ݣ˷ţشһǷô磬°
캣Ц磬㲻˵𣿽Ҫá·¥£кһ£˯ͷ˵˵îϽģ̾Ҫîˡ
ȥϲȥ
𣿰ѽ⣬û˯ˡ
û£Ҳãҹ˺ȾƣûôԷӶˡ
̫ˣһȥԷһȥźˡ
㲻ȥˣ
ȥˣʹȥҸ˾پˡ˵գתվſڵʹ˵˼䣬ʹӴӦˡ
캣ӣȥ·еСϴˮ
Ҷ·ϴʱϵ飬ʵʲôݵһĲ·
캣Цˣͷ翴ˣǰС̫ˣĿˣұͽȻڸʫҡҴĳҪƫƫ˼һ÷ܵϵҼأеǮɶûСô԰㵱ұһ֮зǳĸмҲǳ
ҶЦЦҲԼͱˡ
ǵԡˣ˵ˣӰȻԶθڡ
Ҷϴϣ˳˿ջſڡҶʣȥﰡ
˵㿴ջһߣһٸϲҶֶ
ҶһȴԼд״ֽλϺŮ㹰ֵ塣ָ캣˽ܡ
캣һǴ壬Ͻʩ
Ϻ񣬶Ҷֶˣд״ֽȥˣ֪ѾҪк
Ҷ΢ЦǾͺðҽŵҲѾ˵ˣȥáϸ˰ɣ
Ϻ֪飬ôһȻǷǳĸˣ̫ˣǼⰸӣɾϣˣϽĸүϲ
æǰǷ񣬽εεϲү
ʲôһССѡ
캣Цɲô˵Դֻͣǳ顣
ô˵ûЦҶϺȻȥӵһĵġ
úãǾ鷳ֶˣһ飬ܲҲ鷳һֶ
ʲô飿
ġϺŽֵһ֣·ϲɫææ˹æҶҾϺ˵ǽַҲŴ˾ˡ֪ҵĹ˾Ϊֶд״ӣˣбµģҲæдһ״ӡ㿴𣿡
ҶЦ˴˾Ҫ԰ӵģ壬ǺҰ
æҪױд״ӣҲͨīֻǲɣֻ¹˾䣬빫Ӱæͺá״ֽϺԼдǣ۹ӣҾؿƿ
⻹ԡ
һԵ캣ȥҳԵģ߳Աĺˡûгأ
æǾȥС԰ɣСA𘡢ԶġԱߵСͬڡ
Ҷаȥɡ
Ǵ˼ҵүȥЩ·̯ģҶȥ¥㣬ҶѾӦˣֻøţСԵꡣ
ƳʱСԽСʳҵҶдľǡСʳ
Сͦɾ˲࣬ҲˣΪʱǳյ㣬˿Ӧζǲġ
һֱ쵽˺Ժһû˿ͣܰðͽ΢Цӭǡľĸɫ㣬ͷӡҲƳĺɶġСA𘣬ҲƬ
ϺŮûиӰ˵Եſھ͸ǻȥˡֻˡ캣ЩϰյĳʳûʲôʳǿҶԵú㣬ֻӲͷƤҲȴŲ֪Իǲԡ
ʱſһŮһ¡
Ӧˣߵſڡ캣ǳȥһʱ룬ֱſڡ
ſһλŮֲȹϸ֫һ𲼴ϵţѻûַظ͹˳һ˫Ѿ٣ͷںɢϣü续ͦһ˫۾ִˮѡӣĻߣӡ̵ģİ۵ļ˪ѩͨһ㣬ϣֶŵҺ죬ɢһصĺɳĮϢϢ
òȻǸŮ
Ƴǿ٣ܱߺܶﶨӣб㲻ĺˡ캣ĺ˶ˣȴûмôĺŮһ۵С캣еһӱ
Ů˵껰תҪߣ캣Ͻ׷ſڣƹλǡ
˵ԼŮվסˣͷһƤЦ캣캣оǿ˱ɽѩһ㣬
ŶСŮٺ١
㡭Ů
ѽѽƺ֪Ҷ⻰ɻæֽ͵ŮŮǺǣ
ѹˡ캣ͷһͷԶҶ˵ƹҲ̫˰ɣŮˣҴһ£ǻҪæŶ
ЩΣæЦԶԣϺˣ¥ӡӣλСŮ¥
ŮһҲ˵ģҶ
ҶƼ߱۾ȻǸŮӣҳ÷ǳƯɫһִڵӰ￴ܶŮȴҲûǰλÿرƤţһĽף۾ǳëֱǣֳջģŮӣȴһ߽ͬںŮӵԼ˳ֻ̫ˡ˾ùڸ߰


22 ɱţ֮
Ҷͷã
ƳǲкģԣŮЩȣ̧ͷһۣܿʹŤȥһתȴһ磬㲻֬۵ζѵŮ㣿ҲԣҶȽŮ˲ˣвոճŮȴûĸŮ㡣
Ҷ˽ӹС˵齣¼Ǹ㹫ѩ㡣ŮҲˣѵҲԻô㣿
캣ŮıӰЦ磬Ҳɵˣ˵ƹ񰡣Ů̫ˣƸһٲ˰ҡǮ
ҲŹӦǰǰ
Ůʲô֣ղ캣ֻ˿ŮˣûϸĻûס
¥
ֵҲ£԰ɴ磿캣Ҷ
¥ŹƳ֮ǰѾʧˡӦòգҶԼ֣
ǵģʮǰϺڶһ죬·һϿȣ·߲ʬЩգ϶ǵˣѪأǱǿɱġ⺢ڵϿޣʱ꣬ҼŮ˵ҶһʲôֻǿޡΪ˵Ҳ¥Ҿͽ¥ˡ
ԭˡҶͷԶ
캣ȴʣˣż𣿡
ʮˣû˼ء
ܰôƯôûżң
û˼ԸȢŮģ˵ŮءСŮֺܾǿ԰͵ˡ
캣ͷ⵹˵ʵ㻻ԼȢһŮӣҲǲԸģƯϴԣӣǲС̾˿
ִҶĸָŮ̫ˣңŮ۵ܸߣײᱻסοǸıˣҲûȤ˵顣
ѾԱˣ˵˵İӰɡ
͵仰æЦģǰЩһͷţںԺģǰ첻СţˤˡھСʳлˣһֱҼСã˵аˣǵĲҼţ˺ԺȥŸң˵ҹɱţ۾ͰҸţôǶţԼˤģҪҵҿ˰֤˵ûйɱţŲŶһɱ̣ҷųˣǰҵţû乫ˡúܣۣ˵뷣ûӣһͷţֵ˹Ǯôûˣûйɱţƾʲôûҵţ
Ƴţر𱣻ɱţģͽһꡣʧţģ򲻴̡ڶԹ߹ʧɱţģţǷû٣ɡûй涨ǣڼġ顷ȴĹ涨ģ߹ʧɱţģţⶼڸ˲ƲǷ﹤ߣԲû٣ҪԭԣõзǴġ
Ҷһ֪ⰸʵܼ򵥣ֻǵԱܴӼ򵥵еõۡҪһķСµˣûţǴģ°дʲô״ӣΪҪĲǱˣţŪˣд״ô氡
һɵˣǡǾôˣǿǰ˹Ǯأ
Ҷӣа룬˵ɱţţţŪȴװţԼˤӡɹ涨ɱţҪ̷ִ̣ȴҶû뷨˼ҵĶôܺûأ
ҶɣҼŵģ֮ҿܲܰ˵˵ţ⻹㡣
ѽ̫лˣлӣ̫ллˡ
Ҳѹ˼˹Ǯ൱ԪءǻֻţⱾǮţӳۣǻҪ׬һʲС֡ϡΪƳѳԵţġ
캣ԲС̵ĶҶ۳ˣ߰ɴ磿
Ҷͷһ͡
ǰã˿ͱǰһЩˣ¥ʰӣɱ˪г͸к˵Ҳֻǵͷѹ˼ңЩڨ˵ʳֻڨڨ졣
ҶˣģֻҲһұ֮٣̫ƯˣСַ侭˵ĵطЩŮɶʲô˵ģֶſ͵ģĺüԣ˪Ҫ۸ġ
ҶЩͬ߹ߵʱ˵һ䣺¥ˣ˵գҲֱŶȥ
¥һ£ûǸô˵ĻɵһůҶıӰԶȥ
캣׷Ҷ磬ԱûԱǻطųԡ
Աˡ
캣ԼȴûԶӹУҶ˵ԱˣҲ˼ȥԣǲҶһתʱ磬ȥδô
δӣ
԰佻Ϫδӣһأ
Ҷµʲôδӣ϶ǻ֮ģЦľȥ
δӾҪ죬ҹɾʲôˡҺؽȥҲû˿á佻Ϫǰ治Զ·͵ʱ绹кóһʱأǺȵᾫ񡣡
绹ҪãܺȾư
ǡǾͲȾƣ쵽磬Է˺ȥðҪȥġ
ǵҲǣа߰ɣ
Ҷ캣佻ϪȻĵˮϣһҵĻƮЦʱŮվڴͷ֡
һ캣üɫ裬ͷĳͣŸк캣ҪһҾ˴ʮŮӣݺݺģϿ
ϵĹȴ¥ĹɾҪ͵öˣҲͨģһҲΪЩġҶҲʲôˣȻģ˭֪ЩŮӸɲɾɲ鷳
Ů˶ʱǿ죬֪㵽硣캣û˴ʹȥ˾¥Է캣һԵģҲϾơ극ൽˣųš
ҶȻصջȡǸ˾ɽˮ۳ɷԼȻ캣ٳá
ôţתձڣ߹˶ǰĸǽǰţƽʱǲģӭϹٵȳϲŻ򿪣ƽʱұ߽ŽŴԷֳǰţǰõȴͨտԽ״󣬿ʾɶģţõİ칫ˣͨǲܽȥġ
Ϊ캣Ҷøŵŷѿ˳ȥˡ
캣һֱ͵ξȫʢǩѺſڣָָǰ̷ӣʾԼˡ


23 
ҶŵĻţ洫ȫʢ
Ҷȥ¼ξ
ȫʢһЦȵļ򣬵ˣܺãѾ˵ˣȫ㡣ѾӦˣͰ̷¡ô
Ҷлξ࣬һξ֪֮
ţ·𣿡
ҶϽ·óȫʢӹҲӣԸ·ȥҶǼᣬȡơǳΪŵˡ
źãȫʢҶߣٴȥ̷ĸλͬʡ
Ҷŵȫʢ̷
̷׼䣬ȽС̷ͷ˾칫ĵطǸ䣬һŵ鰸ŵĶ̷˲࣬߸
̷˾˵ξˣϽݳʩ̷ķ൱ڸͥѾվʩ캣һǰҶüŪ۵ЦҶװû
ξ죬̷һµͬʣҶ
Ҷ˽ѾˣҲѹ֣ŴͨѶýߴߴϢΪֵĶҲ̫ˡɶͬǷΧڴٶȲý尡οݸܵĺųݵһӵĲϢþ͸ˡЩ̷Ȼֻ֪ǹŴýҪ죬ֻ֪Ҷ֣ȴûˣڼˣһȵʲô鶼С
ξºķңҶǰʩ񣬶ҵЦȴŸһû˵ʲô
ξ˾λֵܲĲɳڣҾͨɣǸѵõ˲ŰɣѽԪɱ˵ļӣ죬ţһܰãָ
һҶֶԼһ˱仯Ǵ㵣ЩֻΨ캣ǾͽˣǸѿеĹͷξ⹷յԼ
ȴûаĲǣһĽѰӰá
ţúÿǰ;˵գȵҶļתˡ
ѾȵõϢ˵̷ҪһѾ׼鰸þ캣Աߡ
¸ָ鰸֮øշԪɱһȫڽȻݡҲԼλãʱ͵һ£ֹ䣬ʱʱЦЦóԵֻ
ᣬԹʼȻҶѾԼһʲôĻûи캣˵ڿ
ںܱ˲һٷĹͿˡҲǳ򵥣⽯Ԫʹӣǰõͱӣ˼ˡܶ˶ˡ
һӣĿ֤ô࣬ʵ֤ȷʵ֣ʲôѰģЩԼأҰѾˣȴһֱûдбΣҪ֪Ŵ൱ڵĹ취ǷԺŴ涨ޱ̵ִö࣬һᣬδĻӡٺͼٹ٣ҲֱˣҪӵġⰸȴ˴ûᣬûйŹˣ
УϸԼɲĪ˵ǹʹ
ҶվԱ캣һŶֹһ䣺ĶʹǳԻ˶˰ɣ
˵գ첽ſŷé޵ķ򣬾ֱȥéҿûˣȥһ򣬳㿴캣ⰸô£Ӧ֪ɣ
Ӵͷ˭֪캣ͷûˣ͵͵ĵ⵱ɱ˵ĽԪݸóʷСӣҲ˵Ľ㣬ⳤʷӡɱ˵ԭСӸǴ˼ҵӵܣ˶һ¥ŮӣԴף¥ʹһˡؼҺ⽯ԪóԿ˱Ԥı˵ڽϣܺ˳Բٵһͱˣͱһʹӣͱ˼˼ȻҲǴ˼ңûʲô˵٣ֻмǮѣȻ״ȴǰӸôţһֱϵڡ
ųʷǴƷϣ˾߰뼶ڸڴʷͱݡ൱ʡίί˭ǰ
ҶɻҲ°绹Ҫ̵ģɱˣﰡô˶ˣܵʲôã
ôûãȳ͢Ⱑ
Ҷʱ򣬹Ŵʵ۵ģϲ£Ųˣʲô⣬ռ죬ҲҪʲô⡣ĿࡣϼһΡһ⣬ֻҪʮᣬͷšԭǴ⡣ⰸҪˣŲУȵˣͿԲԴˡ
һӣسѺȴû˸ҹܣû˸ҽӣΪĽʡίίξȴԼľͷԼһʡίίҪԼǲǷַӵ
Ҷŭͷѹֵξ⹷յϲԼԭԼװӣԼԴ⣬ĵҿӴԽǰ̹УҪȻΪõ쵼ӣ̰ôҪİӽԼ죬ǻͰ͵ĸϽԱչʾܣʱֻôĶ֪湻ݶģ
ⰸӱ潯Ԫ߶ʲôˣʵҲûʲôҪʲô壬Լο˻ˮ
캣磬ô죿
ҶһЦ趹˿
캣ɶͷԵ
ȥɣҶߣ˵ξţóݸ˾ٵǸֻ˵ξǩѺ
ξһ£ôˣ𣿡
ġҶЦͷڴ¥Իƣݸõ˾ǰʫʤĲҲ˵ˣȻرĺãҺȾƣһЩʫʡҵĻش⣬ٱ֮ǰһңû¿ȥϰݷãдʫʡ
˵ξѾǾȣԭгɷС̶ҲֱҶ
ҶЧˣɰ͵֣ŵʱҽӹˣûϸӡž˵ôд䣬Ҫ˭֪˾ױʰ˾Ц˵Ѿд˻Լȥҳ˰ҲҲŵξǵмңξֽһ£ָ֪ܷ㣬˾д˵գǷ̯˵ξ鰸ϡ
ҶԣҲĵξȥٺʵ飬ξĹٳǿ϶еġ


24 
ξĶһ㵤࣬ŴٳֻУٶᶮһ㡣ֻɨһۣҵ˾ڣϸϣȻ֡ϵٵ֣Ҳ֪黭˫Щɽˮʷ⾳ٵĻƣӦþױʡ
һٶ֣ξȫͬ˱
ٺεҲξڹٳô᲻֪ݸ˾֮ǰǿǾԵλӸ߹١Ʒ̲飬Ϲ»
̲Ƴ֮һƶ޸ȫ¹Աѡ˲ţͬʱܸݻʵ۵گֱרش󰸼ԡ˾¡ʽͬºʷ̨̰;ǹԱдͽ̵̡̺İ֮Ҫ̲ˡˣ̲ʵ൱ڵ˴ίᡢ鲿ʡ˾Ա⣩˾Լ߷Ժϡ£ֻ൱߷Ժˣڼϣ̲Ʒ䣬ֻǴƷ
ǰЩӣٲ֪ʲôԭ˻ʵۣٵݵ˾˴ʷĸְǰչٳ򣬵عԱԾı٣ǿǲĵְģΪЩٱԭǳ࣬кܶԭεȨ˺֪ˣΪȨƵı仯Щٺܻܿᶫɽ̫ˡ˵˼ȥˣͷϣǿɲǸԼ鷳
д󶼶ͳ桢ࡢ򡢼Ρꡢüʮݣ`ᶼݶͬʱݴʷҲ൱ھ˾ԱгǿǱ׼һĴ٣ξֹһοǰλʷ̬ȷǳͰһЩǫô󶼶ʷˣοԼӾƷССξǵλǱ˾
ԼֻǸõӷܣƷ϶ѣҲԼĿɽӷǰҳοԼС֥٣
벻СӾȻôһôҵ죬ξеȫҪԼ˾֪ˣһ仰԰ԼƷСٶ
ξԽԽ£ۺӣȴûֺӶǿһ˿ЦָдٵֵĴ˾ءǺǣ
Ҷ³иǺЦҲѹ֣һعֳܵһʡίί²ŹˡæȥϸȻӵѽԭҷ˰쾢ɽ嶥ȥˣû뵽Ȼ⡣ǵģ˭뵽ء
ξ΢Ц˾ȻӸλΪȴǫѷȻдɽ嶥ϵġţֵܰҰѽԪǸӽ㣬Ϊ裬ѹѹӣǸղĥ˰죬ýԪǸӱϾֻⵣ̫ˣˣñ˰ɡ˾㰲űİӺˡ
ҶȻٶ˵ֱ˵ңȻµˣõģξİš
ţȥ˾Ҹ˵
ǣҶǸۺãתҪߣξֽסһ¡
Ҷվסˣת
ξϾԵƽֵ
Ҷæߵ鰸ǰξתһӣȡһ̨ͼ֧ëʣҶǰһĵ΢ЦԺˣǸİģиֵıʺⰡ̨ݳĳ⣬ǺҲǲģǸӷСɡ
ֳ⵽ϡˡҶЦæл
ξһ£š˾·æָӵ飬ͲҪǰ𣿡
ҶסЦæЩֵ̿õġ
Ҷ̨ëʳص̷˾˵ξ³ȥˣҼһѶʵףôණ𣿡
ǣղŵξҵģ˵Ҹûбʺ̨͸ЩˡҶһˣǣǵÿϣǰЩ˸ղſԼֻһӻ𣬶ǿɲÿóʱͳ֣ٻ£ᳵ·
һ⻰һ¶֮ɫһۣȵý˳ѽݳͺıʰƷ⼸ûʮǮòģ
һΧ£˹ţҶʱеľõξǹԻҶԹԵذǼӣе־òܣξûбҪôصĶȥ참бΡе뵽Ҷ˵ʲôǽ㣬鷳ǺҶĿ⣬ֺõˡ
ʱ»ˣһţЦǺҶļ򣬵ֵܣξǵ˳е̫޵˵ˣԪͲˣһӡ
ӣֶˣ벻Ҷһé˸ֵ˹жǻĹͷӡ
Ҷ֮Աϵ캣գգ۾һ´Ĵָ˼˵
ڵµָʾָܿҶһӡҶ򵥿һ£ǸͨծףװҲżŶдΪϾҪɢˡ
ʱ򣬵ξһ۵ˡξɫѿЦޣҲʲô飬ߣȴ洺磬Цģվſڣһӵʵλֵܰ
ξæҶߣֵ
ѵλЦߣõ
ֹһصĹ졢ӡ˾ְܣְϣί칫ΡûڵôߣξһƷ¡
ȻСҲǹ٣ԼССĵھɣ
ҶĥţѾǰҶǰЦֵֵܣϲ
ϲҶЩĪæֻһ̽Ѱ
ģԭȵִ£˾Ϳݵξ˾ͬʱ򲢱Ϊִ£ǳ˵ؽˣԺǿִˣǿϲɺأ
ִ£˵ˣҲίǵ飬Ȼǣһߵ飬һܱģϵ飬˵ִµĶͷ˾ǣϾִߵˣܸ˵ϻԣΪҪҶϢ
Ҫԭ򣬲ҶҪΪĶͷ˾ߵˣһҪԭǾǱҶˣǸ˾٣ʲôͷǳһִһɽҶǰ˼


25 
һĻҶһ£٣˾Լոɽˮٻס˵ξֻԼϹĻѻԼͲʶλõ˾ôᱣԼΪأ
ȻҶԹתúܿ죬ȴһʱ벻еİ
ΪʲôξһҪ˵ղҶĸ˾ĻԵξֻУڣ˾ҶΪִ£˸ʮʮѹǷξӡ
سȻǸȱҲдǰ;ģһִ´ֱΪξͿ֪Լ·ҲȫԴ·;ҪμϸĿƾٿˡҶȻǷǳĸˣȴֻЦЦûоϲӣƺԼѾ֪ӣֵл档
Ҷ⸱飬ϵЦݸӲãΪĳְͽᣬãֱҵǩѺҴȥ㽲ԺҪ顣𣿡
ĿǳĿһٶһС˵
ҶæӦˡ
ȡҶ·һƣݸҶˣξ·ǼʱҸոյ֪£ƻִµģΪæڲŸ
ҶϽӹƺ·
ִֵ£пӰɶģҪиЪϢĵطԣѾ滨Ա߰һסȥסˡ칫ĵطҲ˸ʰˡ˵
ǣл
ֶԵξһִµתתʶʶ
ξæӦˡ
΢Ц֣ˡ
֮󣬵ξ˾ϽףأҶæһһ
ξѾָ򶨣ЦҶ֣˵һϲĻȻ֣¶ߵ˾ˣִŮԼǼӣҪִµ죬Ůҵˣ͸ҵţһµСţСȻҲҵģŮԼҴĺӣӦҡǳԵĵôף
˾Щɵˣⰸӵǵξ֮󲵻صģʱ˵⺢ԼҵĹ⣬ȻӦùԼңôڱԼĴˣҸֹ쵼ֱ棬ֻܴŹǡ
ξҶЩЦŵִ°Ƿ׵
ܺðлξִˡ
˵˵
ҶȻϳԷʱ˵Ǹӣ赭д˵ˣſڼһϺſڹſô£˵һͷţˤˣŶʧɱţûд̣ţûˡûй涨Ҳĥϼ˾ʱֽӡЦ˵Ȼ嵽ûй涨Ѿȷֻз﹤߲û٣ɱţţֻǷܺߣô˷﹤ءȻǷ﹤ߣͲӦóû٣Ӧ黹ԭ˾ܲ˵ⰸģôô
һҶ⻰ξ˾ǵͨ죬۰Ͱ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ֻôĥţҲ֪ŵûİɫŻһЩ
ξ˾һ໥һۣξЦлִˣǰѳûţ⻹ԭǺǣ
˾СţѾˡ
ξͷݺݵһۣתͷҶһᴦõģİɡ
ҿҪллξˣͦģ˾ñ˿ޡٺ١
ִլʺ󰸾͵ı֮İִֵ£Ҫ뷽˴򽻵ȴȥø˶ɣʶһ£Ժð¡
лξ
ۼֵܣ
ξҶȥݻةͣͷǳ飬Ҷļ˵úøɣǰ;֮ġŵξִȥһξе¡
ٳأξֱõ൱ڷֹ쵼Уе·ֹξȫʢֹ̡ȻҪ飬Ҫͷġ
е˵秵ģһǸѧҶҲ顣
ξִָҡҶŶ椵үү˵˾ͨɣǵξĵɽϾͬУҶظкȴֻǺܹعʩ񣬲ûлӦҶ飬ԵЩĮбµ˺ܶ඼ԣҶҲΪ⡣
ξȥ̷֮񡢱巿ÿ˾ĸְǶ档ȥزֿ⣬ֶǼ档ȻȥʹΣ˲ͷ죬ֵε¡ֱȥŵѧУ˸Ĳʿ̺ѧȫһٺˣ档ЩҶдǾηĽȻҲмʺ͵Ȼġ
תһȦ֮ҲҪɢˣξͻص̷캣ԼִȥŵסξͬˣȻָǳˡ
Ҷһһӵ̷ǰֺعҶֵϲϵЦһĺǹŹֺͻ֣̿ǶڶԼǰûпҶ٣¶ı飬Ҳ֪λξͽִ»᲻ᱨԼ
ƳڵĹԱһԱ룬Ƴ޵ģһ֮꣬ãܽŸ꣬򣬾;̸ǹˡʱ᲻ãΪϲֱӸ򽻵ΣҲֻǿ˻㱨ʱߵִµĻǳ𵽾ԵáǺЩڹϲҶͬʱﶼ㣬θҶ񣬺ԼҶĿеĲӡ
ɢõưˡЩͷҶȳţźóȥҶ캣ڸԼ۾֪Ҫ˵Щ߰ɣһеҪ졣
ЩŰͽعָǳˡ˾֮ǰЦǺǶҶ˵İӲðˣͷھˡ벻Ҷ̷ӣûаɣ˼Ҿ͸ˡˣɽҲס
ߺֻʣ캣Ҷ
캣ǰֵϲ磡ϲ磡ߣȥ¥úøһ£
ǰ̫ͻȻҶû⾿ôһ¡ڣ캣ᵽ˴¥ǰһѵæֿܣΪ˾ϱΪдֻ˵˹ϵֻЯһ˾˵̫Сˣ飬Ӧ˵ϻ
ǲæأҪԼͨĽʶһλ˾ֹϵǲǴɵϡ


26 Ů
ȻҪ飬캣һԾͲˡˣҶ캣˼̫ˣеۣͲȥˣɡ
캣æаǾͺ죬ҽҲȥˣ񣬺ȥúôһڣȥûסˣ磬ҪҪæ
ʲôæҹһˣҲûʲôֱӽȥסˣڰæ⡣
Ǻãȥס
˵գ˳ߡ
ոߵ⣬ӭùˣ˸棬ȴǸʲôݵһŮʫޣǸ湫
Ҷ˶ɫһ䣬ʫغһ⣬úãģˣˣϸҺݺݴ򣡡󼸸ӱҪˡ
캣Ͻӣס֣λǿġ
Ҷһ֣סĻ˼̷ˣȨ֪λҲŵˣƾʲôãðǰɣ
ʫ޺һ˸ۣҵġҲġ
ŶԭҵѽŶӴֵʲô£˵գ̬ٲȻλĸ״Ƶġ
ʫɷףӣռ˱ˣ̷˲Ҹߵÿģ
ÿˣλȷÿһôµĵط㲻ʺȴǽ壬ʺ˵˹ĵ飬λҲó
ʫ޺Ҷɷ׵˿ֱǺ죬ŭ㡭˵ʲô
ô˿ˣֲһ˿Ǿûü𣿶ˣѾ࣬Ȼġٺ٣ݵһŮǵԣۻ࣬һƵģÿ
㣡㣡ʫȫָҶһţ˽ȥˡ
ãݺҲ˳ȥ˼վסˣתָҶţ
ãҵţҶЦ
ǵıӰ캣һʲô֪Ҵڵݣ㻹ô
⻰˵һ㶼Ƴһڿ˵⣬Ƿ¼ãƷⲻ¼¡ȣҪˣԱǷá˹Ҳġ˵ʱµľ˴С棬Сģߵִˡ
Ҷ캣⡣ŴŲеСĻʹҲΪǰ֣ǰǰ칫סҡһǽֿڸǽ棬סĵطУִ¡
ִ飬ȻӲͬһ׼䣬䣬ң鷿
·ϣ캣ʵס൱ֵңϢʲôġɢ֮ûаʲôִ¿ԲסؼסֻҶûԼסԱʱҡ
ס֮Ҷ캣ߣſڣŷҶǳİͽᣬĵͷġȨǸöֻһССسרְ飬Ѿ𾴵˵زҪĵ˹٣ǿˡ
˳ãˣҶ̧ͷ죬ɫ硣Ƴ°ඬʵģҲʱߵϰ࣬ĵ°ࡣʱСʱĳԷϢʱ䡣ǰһСʱɢõʱɫ硣ȥҸסȻסʲôУ̫ˡסڡס̫ԶˣþŸ
֮ûи캣ԼҪӣǲòƴֵ캣æǮԼӣסòþ
ǰߣһӵСڣﻷľҽſڣܷãҪȥûзݳۣ߳ǮҪס
ڣ·иС̯ûʲô˿ͣΪûеԷĵ㡣ȥ£Ҫһʹл棬һ߳ţһ߸ƹϺѯСûзݳ⣬ʲôǮ
ƹĸ˵Сӷ浹˵ҪլԺҲҪģһſڶľдš𶼺ܱˣһҲң൱ִһǧԪۣҪլԺĴССһŴԺӵģҲʮңһģҪϰٹˡ
ҶЦԼھ壬Ҳʮᣬֻˡ
棬ҶС̣׼ȥ䡣һ·ǰߣȻһ۵Ůӣ
ҶͷһһֺŮһķ˹ǶŶ椡Ц㰡ô
ҼҾﰡ
ҶʱˣŶ椵үүŴ˵ǼҾһſһֻ߶ûŶ椼
Ŷ椵ȥҼҵİɣ߰ɣүү컹˵أ˵֪ŵôˣҲ֪ǵξ᲻鷳
ҶҵȷлүүģѾ˳ŵүүæ˵Ǽ⸽Ҳ֪
Ҵȥ
ãһ£ʲô񡭡
ʲô˾õĴ񣡡Ŷ椳ϲɫҶǰߣҼҾǰ档
ǰ˲ԶŶָǰһøߴµһլԺˣ
Ҷ̧ͷһȻøߴ󣬱ԱߵԸ߳һء£Ŷţܿŷˣһ긾ˣŶŶ椣Ц椻ˡ
ǰŶҶţҶ˽ܣԭ긾Ǽҵʹӡ
żҵԺӺܴ󣬶Ŷ椾ֱݣһ·ţүүүү̽ˣ
ݴ˶Ŵϵˣ˵䣬߳˶ŴЦ
Ҷæһ񣺡лүүģѾ¼ȡΪˣңҵִ¡
ŴͶŶ椶־ϲŶ̫ˣִ£үǶְλ벻Ȼ㡣̫ˡ
ǰүүİæҪȻôн죿
ŴźæɲҰģִ£úܴı°ҪôܶǮҪôкܴĿɽҶﲻ㡣л˰ɡ
ҶȻûдүүȥҵξҲŽŰûүүôأ
⻰ŴźãϵЦˡؿûɣ
Ŀǰûּ󡣡
ţǶҪСİִ£ǵξɵģӦò̫Ϊ㡣ܹõְλ㻨˴ǮǾ˰æǰΪȥʫѣز㹻ȡְλǮģңִ£Ǯ򵽣ؼү㡣˭˵˵𣿡


27 
Ҷ룬ŴϺ꣬ôûа׻죬һ۾ͿĹؼ˾ƼԼ飬Ѿ̷˵ˣſ϶ܿͻᴫԼ˵Ҳ֪æǫѷЦЦǸõ˾
Ŵϲӣ˾ǰ̲飡Ƽ˵ˣǴʷҲ᲻ӵѽ
̲飿Ҷһɵͷһһˣ٣ѵ˾Ƴƶ顷̲٣
ҶרʷģԡɡΪдġ衷Ĳ֮һ٣ƳʷϸҶȻ֪֮ûаԼٻð˼ֻǸ׫衷ٵͬҪԭǺõ̲飬ǿ൱ȫ˴ίίԱ˾鲿߷ԺԺڹ쵼֮һ̫ˣݵֻһ˾ֻ൱ûʵȨʡίί̫ԶΪͬء벻Ȼͬһˡ
ԼСȻʶһ϶˵Լ飬æٺ٣벻龹Ȼܲ˵ԼĹʺҲ̫ĺˡ
Ҷ̵ģȴûб¶ֻĪ΢ЦûнӶŴĻ
ŴҶɫһӱøһֶγɵūԵЦֵܣݣ椰Ͻ׼Ʒ
ŶæӦˣЩĪؿҶһۡᣬǸŮӣԹٳ鲻˽⣬֪ζʲôǴүү̬ȵı仯ٸоеİ
ҶŶŴ¡Ŵֽһ긾ˣȴǶŶ椵ĸףŶһֺǸ̬ĸûǸղŵĻ֪ĻҶһִζĴ飬ƺڹ۲ԼδŮƵġ
Ŷ椶ŹƳʱͨİ˼һ̺Ȳ裬ûзһ˵ˣǹź
ҶڻζղŶŴĻȻһ£ʵݴʷ˭
Ŵµݴʷݴ󶼶Ĵ󶼶εģ󶼶ͳڵʮݣλүǵʥϵ׸磬㡡
ʵķţʱʵС˵ҰʷʷǺϣλһЦ֮
Ҷ۾Բˣ㡣
ǰܳ۳衷һӰЩӾҶλ̫Ϥˡһ˵ôܵģëϯǡӢΪûΪ̫Ӹеϧ㡵ıҲڴˡ
ʱλ̳Ȩˣѹʰ޳ʺһ̫Ǭһ̩һǾΡ̫Ǭ̩úף¼صޣѡʵԸʺϵʵ۵ľΣΪԸλֳ¶֣ҲͱСѡõ˼ҰĵĵһȨʵİ޳ʺ׸糤޼ɵĴ֧֡
޼֧֮СΪ˶֪뵱ܲ٣Ю¡ӢȴһͿε˻ʵۡӵ֮ĳ޼ȻĻ̫ϻʡεʵ۽꣬޼ɱòԵĸһС飬ıơŰı㡱еƷ
Ȼֻİϣ쾵Ůǳͣ˵˫ȫжԼԣΪ˱Ǭ̩УΪָ֮еˣΪ⵽εľ˾˳޼ɵļԣһѪָ㷴Ϊ̫ӣǲΪˣڳ޼ɵļ£ͬʱȥİ޳ʺӰ£ȴˡ
Ϊ£һ㵱̫ӵ㡣ȻԳ޼ֺ¡Ȼıĳ޼ɶˡǣڸǼڳ֮󣬳޼ԸӧɴıΪ켺켺У׵ģǿܲ˳۵㡡
ڳ޼гһĴУ㡺ȻСǳظ뱣ס޼ɷŹǱ޼ɶȻܾɴ˲
ʷҶǴӰӾС˵￴ģ֪Ƿһֻ꣬ǵε˻ʵ֮󲻾áǾ˵λݴ󶼶ݴʷֻӡ
ۿҶ粻Ŵ΢΢Щ죬һ⣬Ҷ˼ʣִסﰡԺŶ椺ȥݷ㰡
Ҷָܿ˼һʼҵԼ£ȥʲô˼ʱסһ׷סϾס̫ˡҪġ
ŴȤζô㶼ִˣҪⷿסЦˣҪӵ鴫ȥ㱣֤ʮ죬һ򵽷ǳ˶ַǳõլԺġ
Ŷɣ
᣿ȻֻǸִ£Ҳȷ̫İͽ㣬ǣ滹һõ˾˾ǰ̲飬ǻʵߵĴˣ˵
ǣ˾Ǳٰ˾ǸְûʲôʵȨġҪô𣿡
Ŵ̾һ̫˽⳯͢ģ֮ܶԱ٣ʵֻǻʵһʱգˣȻ͹ٸԭְһЩǸûջʵۣʵ۳Ŀģ٣ʱһٸԭְ٣˭֪ڵʵۻ̫ӵʱ͸ʵ۹ϵУԻʵۼλʱٻֻǸУɣʵһȼ˴䣡ʷٽţֵ̲飬Ϲ»򣡲һʱ䣬˵ʵ۹ϵΣ
൱鲿ǰ˸һУǾǴ˼Ҳ˵θڼλ֮ǰֻܴĸƷϵļ𣬻ʵ۸ڼλ֮Ʒ̲飡ճ˻ʵ֮˾Ȩһʱ䣡ɴ˿ɼڻʵǰϴˡ
ʵѧʷҶѾ֪ʵУʵƸעطɵĻʵ֮һλڼ䣬֯޼ɵʮר͵Ĵ󳼣ƶˡɡ͡衷Ϊ顷ΪΡԪķͬʱҲܱ߹ձʡԽϵȳ¼ȥǵ޸֮ΪǵķɰУɴлϵΪйӰķɡ
ΪƸζԷɵĸ߶ӣԷ˲ҲǳĿأһΪ˽һ棬Ҳ˵˻ʵζԷ˲ŵӡ


28 ͷ¥
һ㣬Ҳ˶Ŵ˼Ǿ˵Щͽ˵ƱΪԼ٣һֻǿǱɣƱҪ׼һ׬Ǯ
ӵĸоǺˬģҶЦǺǵүүԳ֪ͦ͢డ
û취ţ㲻ģҲ߶һٶ˭ıţ˵˲֪˲
֪֪Ϊʲôԭ򱻱ٵģ
治֪иҥԣȷУֻ֪ûʲôףͻȻرʵ۱ᵽݣ˭Ҳ˵ȷеԭҲΪԴҶãֻܿľ仰˵Ĳ˻ʵۣʵһձĹ٣Ҳˣٸԭְֻʱ⡣ңȥǲǻ̲飬ǵ飬Ǹһ˭Ҳ˵׼԰õĶʷүǹġ룬Ƽģ˭ҲӣЩӪˣ˭·أ
ҶЦҸոյִ£ɲ
㷸ģܶ·ֻǿû·һ·Ҫ·˶ȥˡңǾԲκҪҲôӦǵκҪֻͨλ˾Ƽִϵܶ˲ûʲôֱӵæʱ򣬸û㷸ȥǡٺٺ١
ҶֻǴŴװͿ飬ִǲȥˣ쵼쵼ߵ񣬺ܶʱǲҪĶģڣǨӵȵȣɡƽʱ㣬ʱŵ飬һǲôġҪִᣬϾͻ뵽ֽһǧǰƳƳٳĹأڿִûʲôĲ
ҶһЦЦȻүүô˵ˣҾȵȵȿɡ
Ŵæɲִ˳ƺһǽְɡ
ôСҶҲһһүүģƺԼͼıҵŮƵģҲã룬ͽϰɡ
ֳƺںձ飬ƳûУŴź棬Ҳ˳ͷа
һԵĶŶ椵ӣ죬ʫҪˣŵˣβǵʫأĻҲæ
Ҷһʫ磬˻ʫ޺˵θڵĹŮҡͷûȤӼʫˡҪȥˣ쳳ܣ
ŴѾӶŶ˵飬֪ԭίҶŮдʫ֮⡣΢ЦһʱһʱֻҪŰͽˡ
˰ɣһǶ㿪һ㣬öĵ
Ŷ椼Ҷ̬ȺֻܼǺðɣɼǵðҵæ
Ҽǵãİɡ
ҶһᣬǳŶ椺ͶŴҪ˵ѾԼˣ뿪˶żҡ
ҶȻص˿ջӹ̨ԼǮȡˣ˷ǮȻԼصԼסѶźãţǮӦǱȽϷĵġֻһǮˡ
ŵŷԼܻһšһСǮŷмؽӹЦӦ˵ִ·ģͨҲŵģִʱԻ
Ҷɫ磬ҲûйͳԼɢ˽¥һ֡
컹ûкڣûеԷʱԽѰ˲ࡣҶ¥ǰȥ깫ϳǸǰſڶʫݵһӣϻͳŵĹӣĴǺеġЦͷӣˣ
ţûп˰ɣ
ûУٺ٣˵˽ҪѾеİˡ͵ء
Ҷͷߣӭ𱣬ЦкͽᣬȴֻǷ˶ӵҶԺߵ·
Ҷüô𣿡
ûСûУǺǡ
ǵȥʲô
Цøˣ˵ЦˣŹءǹŪĲͷÿЦǣ
ͷִĴʻ㣬൱ڸŲ̊ѡҶȻ֪ʲôСͷ׾׵ġСһ䣺ͷһ篲֪׵ǣԼģѵҲҪͷ
ûбȥ⡣Ȼô˵ˣǿ϶ĹصģԼȥ˵Ǹʲôƴһ˵ģֻ캣ˣԲûԼҪǮ㵭һЦٰ
ЦЦţѧŮĽװͿúͨͨĺ촽ӷ˷θӵŪǮĲͷ㰡
ҶһһǮǿ൱һԪأҲ̫ˡѹ½Ρ÷䡷д媽Σͷ¥ԼһֱΪţ벻ȴҲһ̶ϷӳʵĹŴ߼¥ߡ˵ЩߵļŮʻǣ˯һҲλϵּƼҲġ
Ҷû׼ҪʱתȥֻҪЦˡﴧϴӮĲõļֵŹǮ壬˵ãֻˡ
׼ȥȡ壬¥˽εεӣˣūǮأū͸
Ҷ̧ͷһȴΪ캣ٵ࣬ԼΪһ״ʰǿ˵λ輧÷ҶǮҶ֪÷ΪԼΧҪΪԼǮ
˵䣬÷ѾǮˣݵ΢ЦҶӣܵū¥ūл˵˵գһۡ
𱿴Ǯ÷ȻǻȴҲǴ¥ͷƣԼ÷ĲͷȻȲȴҲҪһǮڳ÷ᣬǱǰҶԺȵöˡæЦððȥ÷⣬ȥǡ
˼ҹԼΧķϣҶȻܾ鷳˵һ˵ҵȻȥ
ûӦ÷ȵ˵ˣȻȥȻ֪ȥ鷳ˡ
úãæӦˡǮЦˡ
Ҷų÷¥ߡ
·ϣҶ㰵ҧ¶ģ̵ģһҪǮǮǻӽֽԵӣò̰ۻ¸ԼһǧԺִĴԣֻҪŬӦò̫ѡ
˳÷ӣҶֵлǮպ󡭡
÷΢ЦŴĻΪ÷ĴʣͭǮġһǮҲֵǸպī֮ʰɡ
ҶЦЦ˵÷ԹؿһۣӾôżȥ㣬ūԸ⣿


29 ÷
аΪ㻹ʲô˵ϴءҶ˵գϵûиʵѿǵó÷һЦˡ
ʱѾ߸˾Ʋ˸ʲôģҲϾ¡
÷Ҷƣ÷һֱŹȻūҵţɲܾôŹӳȥðһմƳԸˣ˵ߵ顣
մصزŨζ
ƳڼںȾʱþƺһ൱ڴ󶦵ľþƣм䣬һ輣ҨƵƱȡ
Ҷ˼һ׵ľһۣƳľƲִᾫָ߶ȾƣֻжʮȣײܶʫƪҪ˺ȣһҲһ룬ԼҲȸѡ΢ЦŮľƣҴûоܾ
÷ʱϲüңԼһƣȸȻ÷Ϊ衣ɺã
а
Ÿ
֮󣬳÷㿪ʼ٣ȴͷҶסŻĴʡ
Ҷýζһϣƽкá÷ĸһֵˣûűһζ
÷ֵ質ļԼʵӣ϶˼ɴԹġ
ţ÷ֽʦԼ棬裬÷ǻر˫ħµˣ˵˼ֿҰңһֻĳ棬ˣ˲ĿһѪӿ
Ҷɫƣζһܡ÷ĸҶѾ֪źȸ˺ü󱭣ЩѬѬȻˡ
Ů飬ʱɿ졣֪УһѾҨɺȹˡȻҶȵġҶѾ˼⣬ҡҡλҸȥˣлĸ衣
ӣȵȣ÷ס֮һŽ޵˵ģ鿴ū⻹һ˺ܶŮ죬ӿԸƷ
ŶҶŮ֣˵Ů֮󣬸ĸľڼԺӵ£ȵʮŮޣȡľƿǷǳѵõġŮģ
÷ߴͷ׵˵㡣̧ͷۺﲨӱٳһɺã
ŮƣвԵĵ
÷ϲС鲽ԼңƬ̣ȡһСƣҶǰǾеɫƿװŵģ͸ľƱһĶǵõɫŷǳˡ
÷ʦźѾ߶ȥѷŹϣҶţЦˣô˽Ů˺ˣ
÷͹µҶ£ļԳЦū±˰ˣɱŮˡ
ҶЦɫҳԾƣҺˣ
ţ÷Ȼ֣صصͷҶЩΣɵѵһɫĻæεصǾ͵ƺˡ
÷ҶԼһӣˣ
Ҷû˵һڣģһᣬƳľΪƵԭ򣬶ٶһζŮȴ඼ģֻ΢һᣬ⵹ǰ飬ʱʱһЩԴ׵ζ
ҶΪԼ۸е⣬һ˰һŮ춼ˡ÷ҲȸˣָձӣūΪһΣ
ðֶӳȥˣҪҪȥأ
ˣūԵԳ衣
裿
Ҷ˷ƳıڻϿ췴ãԵԳֻǿڻϵģȴûпƳŮ赸
÷ߴȥȹ¶һװ͸ɴȹԲĹĵһ˫һɺĨأϰѩ׵鷿̻¶棬鹵һѹӣסҶܵӯһգƽ̹СϵСС
⽿װ̵̫ˣ
÷ȡһã˵ҵҳʼĶȽ滺˺棬ԽԽѣָѶȵ赸УȻʼûжϹ
һգ÷ã£ļͷԳղŵ赸̫ңЩͷ΢ģظͣŵֻС䶯
Ҷһ͵ĳ嶯εŮ죬ٺȣֺȸһ÷ϡŮҲһСֻ˴룬ûˡ
÷ƺˣߣָŲͣ˫壬
Ҷ˽޵ر˫ü֮Ƕ÷
÷ϴͿˣֻü軨ǺܶŮӶеģʱҲû⣬쿴ˣȴ÷ϴεһģһƺûб仯˿־ò̫ȥģһ㣬ȥ÷Ҳš
÷ͷǳĻ壬֬һ㣬üһ÷䣬ȴ΢΢Щ͹ȻǻȥĶƵģҶЩȣǡȥģ
š÷ǽߣҳ֮ʱüһ룬˽̷ʦ˵ܺãƳһ÷ˣҲ֪òÿ˵գĿһЦЦҶ
ȻÿΣһڡ
÷ɬ΢΢ͷĵʲôɡ
Ҷͷ类һưͣ磬ͷҪȥͷüǽ޵÷䣬ۿҪȴͣסˣЩ죬ԼôˣǰŮǰɴûƲסģϽ˦˦ͷҪҡҸˣ
÷סĸ첲ϵƣⱭߣ
УҶӹһȫȥ


30 Ů
÷ҲһںȸɣƺˣǰһȻ˽ҶĻҶʱȫѪҺҪȼˣһ§סĽ˵˵̺ϡ
Уо÷ǿʹȴһһУѾȫȻˡ

籩
ҶͻȻ֣÷£Ȼɺ㣡
ҶԴһ£Ͱ͵㡭㻹ǡŮ
÷ޣźװ㽿۵ۻסĲӣԼĻţɡ
ԲҡҲ֪
֧֧᲻֪˵ʲô
÷ᰴ촽ϣ۾ܸɻã÷Ը㡣
仰ҶһӾڼŮ۵ܸߣײᶯ飬÷ȻǸŮҺޣǿ϶ûеԼԵĵزѵ
һתµ߰˷֣ھ˴ҩ
÷һ£һʱ֪ô˵á
Ҷɫ㣬ǲǣҪѣﻹвоƣһ˼ģ
÷һӱסͰ͵ԲɣһŮ÷ҩֻ÷̫ϲˣ㡭㲻÷ɣ
һŮ´ҩһռԼбԵɣҶΪʲô
Ϊ״ʡ
Ǵôˣ
÷оҶ̬ȵı䣬Ľһ㣬Ҳ˵ˣūϲһ˵ҪΪȢңǣȴһ󲡣Զ뿪ҡĺЩӣϴ棬д˺ܶʫʵҲ֪ûУֱҿ㣬Ҿãֻصҵߡ
Ҷһת㲻ҵɣ
÷۾ɵصͷ
Ҷ۵ҵǡȦҶ٣ҪҳǮΪȢɣ
÷ҡͷҲҪΪҲ޸ģҲ޸κˡ
ҶԻˣ㲻ɵҪΪǸعһӰɣ
ǣҵĸٲˣɣʵĲǿһٱҵѾҲװ±ˡ
ȻΪʲôҪӸҡ
ΪԳŻ״ʣ󿴼һҵŻĴʣʵҸһдġʱѾúҺú£뿪ңǻϵһԧһ룬ǣԶ뿪ҡ
˵Ĵ÷ӵس
Ҷת˼תֹȥḧ㷢ذοš
÷ŻһӸоֻصҵߣԲҲ֪ð㵱ûа취Լָоûа취Ĵдˡ̲ݣԡ¡ҿһϣΪұҪ׵һ죬ǣûеȵһ죬ˡԡ£ȴҲǲˡʱһģҪӸ㣬ͬȴһԸԡ
ʲô߼ܸȥˣ͸һˣŴŮ˵Դ治֪ʲôġ
ҶԼȥɲŸԼϴ϶Ůӵļƣʱȫޣȴ÷סˡѾоҶĲˣ̧ԲɣԺٲ𣿡
ڡҶ㬵ĳ㲻ȫġֻ˵ʵҵŸܲ˵ֱӣԲˡ
˵Բҡ÷뿪ʵǿһٱģҪǵͬʱ㣬һ޷˵ذġ
⻰ŻȽҶɫԺһЩ㲻Ϊ˺Ҹˣô˵İɣ
ȻǣѾӸ㣬ԸѾ˽ᣬ֮󣬱ȥһƧصطһ˹ӣԣʲôҪƭأ
Ϊʲôһ˼ˣֻ۵ĸ󡲻ңȵ˶ǰοһء
˵ˣҵװҲװ±ˡʹǱһٱ㡣
Ҷˣ˫ü÷䣬̲סһ£Խѹг÷
÷һЦˣ˵ˣҴС׼˵ĶͳԲţΪǶ÷ŵʱģԵȡ֡
СϣҶǵͦԲβšһ¡
÷һС˵㲻Сϵ˰ɣ
ɰӣҶǱƼַӿȫаЦǵÿı֡

ƵʱˣﻹһƬڰ
֪÷˼ȣ˶Ѿƣߣӵš
ڣ÷ɣ㡭ȥˡ
ҶһţҲ¸ˡкҪءҪ´ȥ·÷Ѿһ´ȥ˵·ȰҶ
Ҷĺ촽һ£Ͳݲ𣿡
ð÷ӦʵҲ᲻ɵġ
Ҳ᲻㰡
Ҳ᲻㡣Ȼ㵱Բ𣬡ǸղŸ㡭ʱԺȴֻӰӣҪֿ֪ʲôʱҡҲܡԣҿֻ˰ɣңʵһ𡭡
ҶЦ˵ˣǺúһ£ˣסأ
÷̧˵סã


31 
Ҷ۾룬ҵһסһסŵֵ㰡ûǮӡ
򣡡÷˵סһ𣿡
Ҷ۾Ҫгһ죬
÷ȭһ£զˣ⣿
ǡҶͷұ²ȴڳ
÷ҶĲãϰѹĽһŤ˽εεԲ˵ˣɣūңò
ҶЦˣû£ɣҵطס֮ңһᾭȥġ
ţһþ͸㡣÷뿪ĻɣϽȥѣżˡ
ҶѾ·Ҫȥֱ÷סˣȵȣҵƿһյϸҶճϵԼļͳ־ϵ֬ں졣һ͵ˣΪȥۼûؼ¶ڡ
Ѿûʲôۼ֮ȥɣ
ҶҪȴסˣ𣡸ոŪõģһΣū׸ò
Ҷͷš
¥ʱ֪÷ȴûлͷһֱߵ˺Ժ뿪˳÷ߣվסˡ
ûֱԺӣںԺһ껱վסˣŸղŷһУЩԺҪҹ磬ú¡
ţϾûԵ޹ʵİų÷ΪŸϴʶһʱ䣬һҲ̫ˡɿһ¥輧ǲµĻޢŮвŻ湫ӻ𣿲ôûеֿ
ңǿ޸ԼĿֽΪ˸Ǹعѣûм޸ǸбҪΪع𣿾˵ģһװҲװ±ˣһһӾϴϵıѣѵǱܽܵ
˵Ѿõο壬Լ˴֮Ҫ뿪ݣҸطƽضԼ֮ӦˣӸԼһסΪʲô
Ҷһ벻ףһָоµıûô򵥣÷ĹҲô
÷Լϴ˰ʲôĿģĿĺܿͻˮʯ֮û˵ǲԼĿĸԼϴϵһ
ѵųߵ㣿
˵һ¥輧̫ߵһִ£ǿ԰ͽĸ߹ٺܶܶ࣬Ҫӻȡ棬Լʵеǡ
󣬺ܿһˣ
˻˭أ
ҶĿǰ̫ˣ벻ԲˣԼ벻˳÷Լ֪ġ
ԺԺſڵѾѾʶҲõкˣϽĸһȥһֱ͵á
վСѾɷϴβƵҶλЦү
ţСأ
үأүɡ˵գ̧˾µĴձ̺
ҶȥڶߣԸ٣ó˿ܺãҶЩıһ
У΢΢ЩԾ̧ͷһϲվˣ
ţҶߵǰЩԥҪҪסһ£Ƕֵоʲôԡ
ûѾˣ̧ۣסĲӣ
Ҷס֫סĺ촽ҶסǣɵԣҲﶯ֮ʣҶѾſСء
ŶԺңõ̫ǮˣһҾ֪ˣһᾡȥ㡣
ܳȥ𣿡
ֲͽΪʲôܳȥݸ΢Цֻǰ졣
ãҵס͸㡣ˣ˵Ƽҵߵִ£֪˭Ƽ𣿡
ϲģ˭Ƽİ
ҶЩ֣㲻֪һΪ˰˵ء
Я㣬һûǣûü˵˭ģ
Ǹõ˾
ЦͶˡ
ôˣֲʶңֲ˵ģΪʲôң
Ϊ㰡
Ҷ֣ңҶûмֻǴһѡôң
İ
ǸǸʲôƴɣ˾
ţ˭
Ӵôôⶼû뵽ҶһţҼô󣬾Ӧò뵽˰ҪǸ߹٣ôôӴأǹһΪʲôƢءǵġ
Цǰ˶ǰģԴʷҲ˵һˣдʫдĿǳϲԶӡǳĺáôƼɡ
Ҫģ
ǣߵİں棬һֱһ𰡡
˵飬̲סߺ
Ҷ˼ȴˣŷǽܳдµʫôʫôȤأ϶Ǵ˼
ǵȻˣҲʫƷ̲飬һӱٳ˴Ʒ˾ȻǺѹģԼ¹µһҲ֪ܻܲصǡ
ôһѣҶʱˣԼϮ״ʣįɳףݵʱģҹº費˱Ĺ¼ţָ߽Ը沨Ĺ°ľλٵǳƣֶֹ°ԸȻǳĹ
ҲԼԭǲļӴ󣬼ӣһͬʫʣһģû뵽ǡѡͬǱ֮ĴʣպôУļøУԺҲû˼ӣ̸ǢԼɷ飬ѵѾˣҪƼԼִΪԼ״ʵĻر⵹Ǻġ
Ҷ˾𣿡
ģʵ֮ǰҪͰðȻǰûİġ


32 ɨź
ҶоʷģرɣǳϤоľдⷽġ֪٣Ǻд顷Ҫ֮һ׫飬ҲԺ飬˵٣һֱܿͻٸԭְԼĻһҪΰסܷŹ
൱Ҷ˷ܣȴһʧӣôһæһҪллܲܰһ£Ҹ棬ԷȾƣұʾһл⡣
аʹشӦˣҾ͸ݰˣҵطԼ֮Ҿ͸㡣
̫ˣллҶסһ۵һڣɫԿ¶İ飬ǽǲֻˣ
ʱߺԾƣ㳪裬㲻۸ң
ϻ˲Ů˲ŮڻвûԶģȵϢһ£ղű÷Ǻ꾫Ϳˡͷã
˵ˣɲڣ
ȻˣҶ¡ԸϾ硣
һֱȾʫԵҹȻ棬ҶָЩԪ֮󣬻ǲرһᱡ˵˵㻰Ц˵ô˵أһԼﱻƤŪһ취ûУֻùԹԵ
ɢҶصţһ˯˴ϡ
ǱŵưѵģŵưҪΣһ֪ͨס˸ˣڶã൱Ͽ塣һư֮Ҷʵǲ𴲣ǽǵһΪϰ࣬ɲܳٵˣøһӡԼƳܻȥĿˡܸˡѵá
ǿԼ𴲣ûеСźһֻܿԼҶ·ˮϴ֮󣬱ǩѺſڵšûûпţŵҲûסŵĴɨļʹӿʼɨ֮⣬Ժûʲôˡ
ҶԼҲ̫ˣԥǲȻȥϢһʱӶýŴˡһˣҶתͷѯˡ̧ͷ˿ҶȻָϽͷ£漴˵ͷ
¶ϲɫǸһۣƺڴߴ㡣
һǰһҶǰҶſǻ˾ͣҲ컹вԼƵλĸסλͷģÿ֪Ķ
Ҷ˵̬ô¡¶΢Цģװûпǵӣ̧ͷ죬ƺ峿ķ羰ʵôֵôζƵķ羰أ
Ҷǰִֵ£
ҶŰĿ˻Ҳ֣װһ벻Է˭ӣǡ
ͣǱŵĻξִʱġǺǡͷһָǲȮӡִ֪µݣǰ˵ִ£ִ¼¡գ±ǴȮִġǰִͶݺݶ
һΪӢϴ˿ѾϵϼƵˣһ죬һסͷǰҶһ񣬵Բִ¡
Ҷÿ񣬵ûʲôԲģ˵ûұӣûʸЩӼʺָʾʹΧŹңҲӦõģҲˣûаҴһлл֮ء죬ҪָʾʹӰңҲӦõģŵûֱֻġ԰ССҲǵȨ˭ֻһССأ
⼸仰٣䳰ȷ˵ǳΣϵ۾Щûи˵¶˵תݺݸ˶һĶ⣡ԭתһȦͮͮ
ָŶŭȵӣԭô£ؾΪǻȻ۸ִµȥˣһ㻹¸Ļ£䱻ˣ
˵գͼǽǵɨ㣬ʹڵϣԴҽġ
ҶֻɨɨصߴĶôһƬȥҲûʲôеҲңֻӶѡ±˫磬ЦҪǻؼȥӰɡ
Ͷʱһ죬ϵתɨ㣬һͷԲϴҶַ˵ûһּþԴıĲҽСһĲҽˣʹϵҲžܽʵ
ʱѾмˣолģڱӣһϽȰ⡣
Щ˽ţҶ֪ǻģϽȥȥɨ㣬ѽǸʲôôأҪ򻵵İ
ʵ;͵Ȱ⣬һֱûҲֻüӡڣڹȰˣͱ׼ȥģҶڰץȴʼûץֻͣüԲ˱ӡѸɱһĲҽС
ǼܵߵʱҶһץסͣʹضԶԶӿٲܴˣٴҪˣ⾿Ϊʲôôص֡ѽӾʲôԣҲ򰡣ҪǴ˿ô
ǼҲȰ͡Ҷ˵֪ʲôԭӣ֪ñ֪Ϊӵŵѵģ˳ĻӣѧãˣѵֻҪ¸ĻңҴɾ
ǼϽıסһϽذɨǽǱߡ
Ҷˣ͵ˣʲôؼ˵ȻѵǹܲţţͬſҲð
ҲϽȰ͡Զӵȥ飿Ұ
һһģԴҲ͹˼ʹᶼˣŵŵһһ߼ȥˡ
ҶٸúõǫԱҲÿڡʱˣҶЦ첽Цٺٹִֵ£˯ΰ
Ҷæֻ΢Цͦõģܰһ˯㶼ưء
ЦƼԱߵͣ𣿡
ΪҶվĵطǩѺſڣȴǰ᷿


33 д
æЦû£Ǹִ´кϲһŶǶλİɣˡ˵գҶ֣תȥˡ
ЦҪϲİɣˮǱȽ϶ģɲ붪ȱ
ҶаѹСһơԭԼǰ˵ĻȱʧɾʹˡԼִ£ȷǸúܶĽּɵĸλԼɵúúðա
Ҫһȸ㽲Ĳ¡
ǩѺŷѾѼŶˣڴɨҶз䶼һ飬ǩѺġǽȥȴеĴӣߵһС鷿űīֽ⻹кܶసӵСţһš
ǽȥʱС鷿һСͯīҲʮꡣǽæվһԣֶ
ָŽС鷿Ҷİ칫ƽյĹҪЭ⣬ǳǳӣǮ֮ҪǻˣܶǮȺİ飬Ҫ㴦鲻̫ࡣǿ裬ˣһ飬ҪЭˣҪվϣ֮ǰҪȱҪ̷İĴϸĴҪоݣرҪɵݣԱ㿵ϡбҪ԰̷ĳаѯʣҲԵؾڡѾһͯķԸ
ְǸСͯ˹ִܵҶԺķԸִ°⣬ͯ㴫īˮʲôġͨīЩİĹбҪҲ԰Ÿ
ã
С鷿ݣܿмһ󣬿Уһůľ̨źձ̺һżһ齡ǳļķıиֵĹġһΰŵ磬һȺܿ滭ɺ׺աǰ˿ĿյߣطŵͰ齡Ǹġ
ұǼ䣬һϢңǺ֮ʱϢĵط
ʱŷү
æҶˣ
æվſڣ㿴һݵߣŷ˽
Ҷʩ
߲񣬽֮󣬿Ҷվס´һ£ƽϸֳһĨ΢Ц
Ͻܣִ£λǱ񣬡λ˾λҶ
ͷ΢ЦŶҶܶ࣬رǰϵ飬ǲģҪడ
ҶæһĽү
ţ˾ɷǳƳ簡ұ㣬ȫ˾۹⡣һʧġ
ҶæǫѷЦЦͦмλƴɵģȻԼʼʱ򣬶ҲȴܲǰӣԼ֪֮Ҫİ
֮󣬿ָҶѼ䣬һס֮飬Ȼ濪ʼ칫ҶҲصԼ鷿¡
Ϸż̷дʣǻûдġҶˣͯ⣺Ҳģһգɰ
мֵ幫
ŶҶۣһݱߣϿΪĶĿˡİţҲ֪ǳǿ
ѿѾǩдҿ
ʼĸ֮ǰҪ֮ٶ֣Ͼһǧǰţǹ취˾һĹŴţ칫϶ִ᲻һܶණ鱾ѧģȸõİ취ǿ˼ôġ
ұߵǼݣѾʾ˵ģûü̷׼ȥء
ǾȲżȿѧϰѧϰ
˿⼸дʣо飩̷дʺִ£̷ִͬͿʾͬմеġҲѾǩ˵ûнִеЧо顣
˵һݣ͸оԼͷˡдģ
Ǯ븸Իسǡʹּס֮Ըԡ´丸Ǯ泤ݵף֣࣬ΪɫѡҲԹΪ¡ɱ֮Իʣ֮ƣ˭νТߣз巽ΩѭǳسԴסüȽ񣬹۹֪ʡ˳֮ԭ֮ѶӣԷȲСˣڻ´ȨʵʱǮԣϳݵ׾νʤСŭ
ݲодķǳļ򵥣û֤ݺɷͨƪǵ˶ԣеõõĹºƧ֪Կһͷˮ
ѧʷ֪Ƴʱдʣеһģǳעõ䣬ÿ䶼е䣬ôʵĻţ̣Ҳ˵עдʵѧԡǣһ԰϶֤ݵķڹͣķƣϸؽˡдʺץҪ㣬㲻ΪʲôУ԰鱾ȫ
ܿʾȱݣԵƳкڣѾɢУҲǲ̣ע˶ͷɵķҲܵͨ׶ʮرγ֮ĵдѾ׷ɢˡ
ڻǳƹڣѾĸͷҶԼָĸǰȸıӣ£ӦһԲ尸飬׼ȷΪԭ
ҶûмԼ뷨뼯һЩһãԼдʡ
һȨģţҰʱţˣţţͱƥҪ⳥ʧţ˵ţ˽භʱڳֲ֪ţȥģͬ⳥
Ѿǩдʵоǣ⣬Ȼ۳Ǯ֮ۼۼĲţ⳥ҲΪġۡٵʧ
Ҷ֣ЧоƳǴģ
ȻоִȫȨΪĹ涨ģΪʧ񷨹涨һ޹ΣʹûйҲҪ⳥ԷʧʧֱʧǣƳоͲˣɡĹ涨ȮɱߣȮۡɱߣ֮롣Ҳ˵һҵĶ﹥һҵĶ˵ģҪȫ⳥ʵʧ۳ʣֵ֮Ĳ֣ҲνۡҵĶ໥˴һҶ˵ģֻ⳥ʧһ롣һִкܴĲͬ


34 ʵ
Ҷɵݺ죬Ǿ嵽ĸûо䣬ϵġɡһ£ҵģȻԼԭȼһ
ɣﵥ˺һ໥˺ҧɵȨ⳥ķΧǲͬģѾǩд϶໥˺ҧʵȴյ˺ķɹ涨оĽҪôʵϣ϶ʵҪô÷
ǰߣ˵鰸Ĳǿʵ϶Ǻߣ˵ߡĹ涨úΪʲôоأֻ˵̷ɻ涨ϤҪ˵ּİˡ
վǰи
̧ͷ
Ҷҷǲдʶ̫ˣû֤ݺͷͬ⣬ܻᴦ󰡡ܲǸĸģ
ŶһҲдʣаⷽмңҪҰѹصģֻҪΪðôþô죬֪ͨȥˡ
ǣ˿仰Ҷеˡ׼淢ֵĴ󣬿תһ룬Ȱһ㱨û˵Ѿǩдʳţ˵ξǩѺ
ξϽִˣʲôԸ
ңĻģ˵ϵش󣬲ԣһЩϵҪҾ尲š鷳ξ̷˾ξִһһ¡𣿡
ãϽ
ξ̴ȥ⼸˽ºҶָʾԺʱȫͣҲеľڣеĲ϶Ҫ永ͬ͡ʱݣҪʵر漰̵֤ݣҪһгⶨĴעõľ巨
ôһ˵ξ˾Ȼȱ̬˾룬;ڲû⣬һȥȥˡдһֱдģִҪ涨µİʽֻ°ݸᱻذ
Ҳ׷׵ͷ
ҶѾ뵽ˣͽϵİҪݸ¡̲˵ġǿ϶ϿʽԸʽҪ󷢻󡣵µҪд֪صдʣҪôдս᰸õдʣǻǰԭȵĸʽдˡ
ξͷִµ˼ǣԭ⣬дһµ飬ִ¸ղ˵øʽд
ҶǣԽ桯ֻƽ֪ãϱ
ôһ˵ҶһξµִµķԸԼҪհġ
ҵķԸҶĻүķԸֻǴΪѡ
Щ˶֪ɣҶ飬ԼǲҪģʲôֻҪͬȨҶôĻҲʹľ¶ֱʾָʾ
ҶóǷţ⳥Ѿǩдʣû˵Ѿǩֻǰдһ飬Ҿô𣿡
ξ֮ûʲô⣬ǣʣ֪û⣬Ҷǲó˵ġһ˼ӡ˾ȴǸľͷҲǸֱӣԹɫ˵ûⰡҿˣӦа
ҲŸͣǰҲûʲô⡣
ҶĿһֱ˵ĵξִңִ¾أ
Ƴ󰸼Ĵǣӵ״̷֮Ӧξɾĳ̷а죬ҪѯʵҲСóдʣ̷˾ĺξٱִˣύύⶨдʰⶨдû⣬ԵС⣬顣
ԣӼȻѾ͵ִҶǾ˵ξֵģҲͱȻλξִġǣڲдϣΪֻξ˽дİֻ͵ξһ˿ддʵҶûп
ִǰľȻƺûзҶ
ҶջĿ⣬̷˾ͶλСɡ𣿡
а̷
鷳һ¡
Ͻܻȥ͵Ҷǰ
Ҷûнӣ鷳ǶӴķҳҿ
ϽȻⲿɡݲǺϤ־ֵҲȽ٣ǳ෢İӡҲ̫Ϥˣͷʼңƪƪְƪһƪƪȥ˰쾢ҲûҵһԴë
Աߵ˾ûаæңǿóҲЩ飬ΪҲ֪ľ涨
֮ǰҶѾӦķ֪֮Բ˵뿴̷ĸ˵ķ֪ʶΡڿȷô
ҶҪȥѳаɡ
æӦˣҴ˳ܿ죬һһӻˣ˵ⶫаġ
ⶫĲͷ˶һۣô
ִоӵķҳ
ⶫһϴͷùɡʼ
ԡɡĲϤǶҪϤǴͷһһֻҡﻹ˵ģҼǵ￴ôҲˡ
˾۵ôģôûа
ҿ˵İ
ôҲˣ
ҡҼǵ涨İ
Ҷа⣬ʵ϶ϵĴӦöԷȽϤӦܺܿ췭鵽ģǣȻҲ˵ĺܲϤ
ʵ϶ϳ⣬ֻҪųĿģһ㶼Ϊ֤ݵĲų⣬ʵ϶˶죬ÿ߲ͬص㲻ͬ϶ʵܻһĲر°ûʲô˵ǵģǣǶԷɲϤ鷳ʹˣֻ˵һְߡ
ǰλ⺣ֻ¾
ˣҶڵʮǿƪڶ
ⶫǳΣϽطһҴҿһۣûôдţȮɱߣȮۡ
Ҷˣһû֪֮ˣӣ𣿡
ôǰţȻ˵ǹҲӦͬȶԴ
û㣬ӣôģ
ҵţڷʱˣţýͱˡ
ղģǱ𣿡


35 ѧ
ôǣİ⺣Ҷִ£Ӧúúÿ˵ǵġ
Ҷĺݶһ£
棿ûʲôϵɡⶫ㬵ĥûж
ξ۵ִͶ
ⶫԵξȻܺ£æǷɱߣ֮롣ʷɱ
նͣסˣģֶһ飬ôԾˣһʱûзӦﲻԾ
ξȴȷӦˣһ˵úװһͷֱ˺һͷǾ⳥ȫļۡǣͷ໥˺ҧһͷ˺Էֻ⳥۵һ룡˵ӣǵڶӦֻ⳥۵һ룬ôоȫ⳥أʲô
ôһ˵⺣̫ţϸĿһ飬ĥһ£Ȼˣɵöʱɫ䡣ֵ̿ǡ
˾Ҳɫִ࣬µһã̷һԴɶˣָⶫ㣡úɣѧִ¸ָ㻹񣡳ȥȥ
ⶫƺλֱ˾һ㣬ҲҶ˵һ䣬㬵غһתȥˣûʩ
ξ˾໥һۣҲϲÿϾԵĴǾĵģǶûз⣬ǰѹزϵΡ
ξҶСĵЦִ°㿴⣬ôźأ
ִȻǼξ˾ȻʳĻҶﰵ⣬Īʲôè壿ôôⶫ
û֮ǰرǸյţܶ˽⣬´˸Цξң˭ҪǿûǩǺð죬װŲ֪ûȥ͵ٱˣڣѾǩˣһԵĴҪǲҲͰհҪǶ浽ãǿɾͱˡԣͽִУȻǾԵСңҪǲ֪ҲˣѾ֪ˣȴûָǲǹ˿֪֮Ҳʧְǣ˵ˣǲǳǣҲҲ֪ôźá
ôһ˵˶лأ໥һۡ
ξź룬룬Щ֣һʱҲ벻ð취Ҫɢ֮Ҹ¥Ե㶫ȵƣúĥĥ
ҶҡͷģȾƿɲá
Ǿˡôִ£֮ǻûкúþ۾ۣӷأһ˰ɡ
˾Ͷæͷͬ
Ҷˮû֮ǰŵκߵ̫ˣرǵξˡҡͷ˰ɣһֱںȾƣˣúϢɣξҲҪż·ֻǮ飬Ҳʲô취һϣͽִС뵽˺ð취˵Σ
໥һֻۣõͷξ´κˣ´Լִ£ɲŶ
ʱ˵
Ҷдʸǳص鷿дʷźãдʡ
һ磬ڿǰдʣѧϰȡģȴַ˺üԵĴУлһҲⶫģ
⼸едʣɿЦټξô죬ǣǰǸӶû뵽ð취⼸ֻҲиõİ취ȵȵȿЩԼ޹أǰִ°ģѾǩˣԺ׷ΣҪҲԼͷϡ
ʱɢõưдʷ¡
ⲽ˳Ҷæվסˣ΢Цô
ڿǰдʣѧϰѧϰϤһЩٿʼ칫
ţܺãܺð߰ɣԷȥ
һԷ͡Ƴһ涨緹ɳ͢ӦڹĴھǳϳڽǵϳԣطŹȻûôңҪȳԷǼŵʳóԡֳ֣йƷĹԱС۵˳Դֻ緹ûԼ
ŵһЩƶȺ͹أǰŴ˵ʱѾ֪ˣΪҪԼԷҶæͷӦſǩѺ
ʳߣ·ϣԶԶ캣ڳԼ֡˹ȥ
캣ŵķûʲôԵģߣȥ
ôʱ䡭
һʱأúóһˣ߰ɣһл˵ء
Ҷʵŵĳߵ̫ˣȻһߵ飬Ǿ͵õ͵رҪעΪ˴£̫ܸ˵ӡ캣˵лԼ˵ͷӦˡ
˳ţ㱻˽סˣæתͷһֻ̨µʯʨԱߣվˡǿС̵󣬻Ϻ
˵Ҷ̨ףӭȥæĹЦӣллˣİӶѾˡҵţѾȫңһһЩء˵ǲҵġŮĺҲиҵģ۽ѾѺӴӺ¼Ҫ˹͵ϺǼҡٺ٣İæ
Ҷ΢ЦһСæûйϵġ˾ͺá
Ϻ໥һۣϺ˵ֶ֪ûпУֶԸԱл⡣
Ͳ˰ɡ
ոô˵Աߵ캣ѾǰһҶһ£ߵãȥǸŮûҶ˵Ѿȶ˵ȥԣ԰ɣ߰ɣ
С̫ª빫ȥ
ĵطȥˣ캣˵ʱ̣ͽһˣ绹Ҫ칫أ
˵ţ캣ҶǰߡϺֻøں档ֲܺȾƣԾͽһҲáҶҲûзԡ
С̣ǳԷĵ㣬ⲻˡ
ǸŮŮ¥ǰæŶ˲˶˷дˡųôġֻǣڿҶһ˲䣬ֳһĨ΢ЦһȻḣһӣ
⻹ǵһ¥˵ŲǺڵĺǴǻų˴ٴԣǳĺ
Ҷֵ¥ã
û׼Сдھ¥͵ģСﲢûԤطǳԷĵ㣬ԺõλöпˡСûֻðҶ쵽˺ԺԼĿ¡Ը¥Ͻȥֵĺò
ҶһЩ棬Ȼ᳴ˡ
ţСС⣬ʵ벻СŮԳպģѧ˲ٲȣСҪϾĿˣСŮ³СҪСԣ˶ǵƬ֮СԣҪĲࡣλˣһҪСõĶóλġ


36 ɥ
캣ϺҲȥæˣһ㡣˻ҪءҸҴ˵˵
һлҪ˵ϽǳȥѷҲˡ
Ҷʲô鰡
캣ѹץⶫˣ
ţ˵ˣ
ǰ̷ˡⶫһˣҲûʲôġ
ŶҶüӣ
ţ˾ǲòƨɡξ˾˵˺ܶˣúÿɣãϴӦúãɾǲôİӼôҲһ˵ξ˾Ҫô˵ͷ˵ñ˹ܣб¾ߡ
Ҷ֪ʲôطˣһֶԣ˼ȡĶԣһ˵ĻҪ˵ľ飿
ǣǸйء캣ˣղţǽȥ֮󣬹˲ã⺣ˣҪõ˵أ
˵ʲô
˵Ҳ磬ʯͷ£˵һִ£ⷢţ鷳
ٺ٣ǫ̂˰ӻôţ
ǫֻ̂мǮѣǵ껨һǮӷģԺڵģҪӷ㡣ƽʱܵҲڡȻʲôɣӣȴûôղҿŵӣƺѴ㿴ҾһӵɲܾôŲܣҪȻΪӷܣΪأ
ӷԭٳصةڵθ÷ܡҲǾҶʫܵǸʲôݵһĲϵ
Ҷͷ֪Ϣ֮ԺֳⶫĲͷЦ캣˵ûԼȻҪ͵ȴҲҪóʱͳ֣ɱ￴ԼţҪȻⶫ֮ͲԼһ¡һ棬Ű참ɲͬڱģɱĴȨ˰ӣǿصġǿǴ۵㣬رǶֱӰ쵽ΪѾȫȨίԼѹأⷽ⣬ֱξԼҪԼûѹصãԼִҲûıҪˡ
ԣڵⲻչ˵ξ⣬Ҫ취ѰӰãʣԼλӲΣҲ˼ԭ̲ٶԼĹա
Ҫ£Ϳ϶ˣȫ˶⡣Ҷˣٶ˶Լ⣬ֻҪ˶Լ⣬Ǿʲô¡һǿһԭ̲ڵ˾٣
ر٣һרң롶顷дҪԱ֮һɹ׷ǳ֮ƼԼִ£˸мԼддĵ׵ʫ֮⣬ҪԼ֪ʶԣԼԽһ˽Լ֪ʶչԼķѧףҪܵõϿɺʶԼԺãҲͲõˡ
ҪѰãٲ±һϤɣҵǿУֻԼһˡһߴ̽䡣
̶̵Ƭʱ䣬ҶԼԺŬʹԭ򡣾嵽飬Ҳ֪ôˡ
캣Ҷ˼磬ɲôţǿ̫ûˣ
ҶһЦ˰ӣżԼ˼鷳ˣҾҪ鷳
ûСӵĿɽֻǮģҪ飬ӷҲġ
š֪Сʲô𣿡
̫ˣ򰸼ÿҪ顣˵Ҫͦģֻûѱ
ûѱȲҪ˵ĴûУ
캣룬ͻȻ۾һˣǰո˸ӣ
Ҷ۵Ҳ
𼱰ӵʱϵո˻꣡
Ҷˡɹ涨Ӹĸɥӣͽһꡣĸɥն˥չ涨ҪТꡣڼǲӵġҪͽһꡣȻ⺣Тڼӡ
СΪ̷Ȼ֪ɼǸʮķäķäȻ̷죬ǸЦ
˵ſ˵ӣ׼ˣԳԵ𣿡
벻¥ĳ죬Ƭ̼䣬Ѿ׼òˡæ԰ϲ˰ɣ
ȱһˡ˰ϣһһˡ
ҶǷʢ¥ĳ˵ľտ
캣Ҳţ˵˵ƹ񰡣Ҵ¥ĳ̾Ҳ
ҶæԶԣ¥ˣȹˣҲһ԰ɣ
ôһ˵˶΢΢һ㶡ŴŮŮǲһԷġҶȴһԣЩΪѣϺ
캣ȴǺܸˣҴ綼˵ˣ¥һԣϽĽ
ֻóȥ¥˽
¥ŮȻڴ󣬵ѣûԭŮӵŤ󣬴󷽷ؽҶԱߵϡ
Ůڲ࣬ҶܸˣϸղͨԺĵ·ôߣ֣ЦҪǶٺһΣ
캣˵á
Ϊ֪Ҷ绹ҪãûиԾơҶԼܾϽһ̳ۯͲơ
ۯͲݱزһƣȻȲմ󣬵ΪǮˣƾȽǿϰպܶ඼־ơ
¥Ͻȥ˾סĿ⣬Ź˵ڴȻ輸ÿһ롣
Ҷ¥ǰȴûУæôû¥ģ
ŮӼҾͲҪԾ˰ɣڨڨ
ôУҶ۵˼¥˰죬Ūһķˣȴһƶ˼ҳԣδ̫ˣҶ輣һ룬¥ǰ˵ţȰɡ
¥СƳȻ֪Ůӵλĵ£ԼǺŮڴƣλͨŮӻҪֻ֮ͣһСõġҶλѧȻһԷԸƣɵůģмЦЦлӡ
Ҷ۾ôͺƬϿɫ̲ǲԵĺˮĽëһĺŮӶҪţĳǸͦıţһ׾ļȻһЦ֮£ǻһСССҶûŮӽĽӴڼԼɫ۵ܸߣײᶯ飬ǰŮֵ㣬Ҷе㷢ա
ҶԼ¥˪ѩһ׵շΣ΢΢ͷ


37 ͼլԺ
ҶæεЦЦǾٱԵΪһԵָһ
˶ˡ¥Ͻıž̳ơ
Ҷһ͵׽ţ¥̾ãգķǳãһζûУƮ㰡
¥ܸˣ΢Цлӿ佱
Ҷּ˼ӱĲȣҲ޲ڡ
Ц˵ҪǹӾ¥ջУǾСˡ
һҪģ㲻룬ҲҪģҶһؾ׽ţһЦǺ˵
ϲæ¥ŮϽľһƣҪӣһͷţôҪС̿ɾͿȥˡ˵ǵĴ˰
¥һƣҶӣ¥㣡
ҶҲ˾ܸŮһԾƣ찡ȣ
˵գһڡ±ӣ¥ûз£ŲӺţֱһȫȹˣŷ¡
Ҷϲþ벻¥֮ãҲˣʣµľƣҲһںȸɡ
¥ָϽơ
Ҷ绹Ҫãֻ̫ܺ࣬롣
룬ɾͲһԣȵȥҶ΢΢һЩˡ
캣ҶѾ߷ֵ⣬˵ͷЩˡ
Ҷ¥ЩȣζܲϧûҪټЩǾͰˣ
ʲôó𣿡
ŴйģƳʱȻûС
Ҷһֳ˵ĵϣ֮ȻȽ㣬Һܿθ·
ҶϲԵǴζȣ˵ЩˮϧƳûͻȻһ԰ԼԽĲһСΪʲôԼأԼȻֲˣϵϲ֣Ǽҵ¥԰ͱϰֿٳ˲˵ءϰֵأʱæԣҪֳӦò̫ѵ顣Ҫֳˣǿɾпڸˣ
˼·ûнͣڿڸϣ뵽ϵأҲִĴϲԵľ˵󲿷ֲȶʱǴغйǲûӰغĲ򣬷ƹһܻӭΪȵϵҪɲ֡ϲԽƳѾᵽˣصĲҲΪʱǽһģõúءҪԼɹˣԺܻӭǿɾͲԴˣ
뵽һ׬Ǯ·ҶǿġԼΪŹסûеطְҲĽ֣ҪȻֻܵԺ˵ˡ
Ҷֳһ⣬Ȼ¥ѾĵúܲˣϧһȻҪǼȻŪɿ⣬ǿɾˡ¥ˣôûȻأ
Ȼ˶һ£
ɣȻ֪ǲǻûʱûдйҶȻ˵˰죬¥ͻȻ۾һ˵һԣȻЩѯ
ѵȻƺԵ룿ҶϽͷʣ֪
¥ͷ˵ǼУĿʹҩ
ҶҩȻҩԣ
ǰ𣿡
𣿡
¥ҡҡͷҲ֪ҩ̲֪
ˣȥҩʿûУУһЩҽһµĲȣ
¥ӦˣȥֲԶһҩ̡ܿ죬һСȻˡҶһȻûԭƳʱȻѾ˴ƣǲΪʳĵϣΪһҩġҩģؽƳҩ顶Ʊݡ
Ҷžԣ¥ȥҽ㡣
캣ԳûʲôȤ磬ҾͲȥ˰
ãҶ¥ߣ캣ϺҲȥЦסˣͱȥκˣǵһᡣȾƣ
Ҷ¥Ҷû⴮ǣûԹ⻹мϲ½⴮ѧӣȻȻտܿ죬ζͳˡ
¥⿵мңһζ֪Ǻöϲ϶ܺóԡ
ҶȻ⿾ãһ֧͵¥ǰ
¥ҧһСով׽˼ڣ۾˷ܵʣϲóԣ̫óˣԭ⻹ôллң硣
ҶԼĳƺˣЦˣǿ
˳ˣĽкá
ǳ˷ܣǺöСҪǰһܶԣ
ҶԹתÿ죬뵽ԼСϣɵصͷ
캣ԵδûУ
Ҷֻô¥ϵȥ
һᣬ¥ˣżȻ⴮Ҷӹһˣ̾㿾ıҵĻóԣͽʤ
¥ĺŮ˷ǳϲտţ⣬տҲȻУֻҶѼȻϸڼԼտҲͱҶûտҪǿöࡣ
ҶҪ׼⣬ٸ˵һרſ⴮ĹߣŶһǾ͸ˡ˵գ¥ֽʣռ仭һ⴮ּӵĲͼ¥˵ôʹã¥ܿˡ
극ʱҲൽˡҶ캣ǳߡ
յſڣ㿴һһֺӹˣҶЦִֵ£
Ҷ֪ǻģξŸطתһȦǻģֻ̫ˣûмס˵֣æֵã𣿡
һ飬ٺ٣ǵǱ̸𣿡ָָԱߣ캣һۡ캣֪˼ҲԼ˵ĻҶȽȥˣ
Ҷͷһԣܵ壬ǻԷ³
Ҷ֪Ƴ·硢硢ֱʹҲϡһϽʮ磬ÿĴٲһ³ǻԷ糤ˡ㹰ֵһᣡλ𣿡
³һſڣЦҪˣִ£¾ͳ˵ţ˵ִլԺãһլԺԱߡոոǺòãûסȥءŵģдСʮ䡣ִ֪ûȤ
Ҷô󰡣ܹɣ
¼ǮҪۺܱ˵ģֻҪʮǮ
ʮǮҶ۾ɴˣӻͬլԺʮ䣬šȴҪʮᣬλ³լԺ߱ôҲһٶʮɡ۳ɱʮᣬڰװ͸Լһһʮᣬǿ൱ʮԪҲ̫˰ɣ


38 Ϸ
Ҷһת֪ôˣ϶ǶŶ椵үүŴԼҪӵ˵ȥˡλˡ
ֵһٶʮլԺǿ൱ʮԪֻҪԪʮ֮һļ۸Ҳ̫˰ɣǲɵӣ
ȵȣҶа룬ΪʲôҪô˵ļ۸ԼһլԺΪԼ٣Ȼ涼ڴԼٵţپôһˣԼʵһ֪֪˭һ֣Լƥǧɵ׼ٳУҪǸ̰٣Լ̰ͼլԺȻ̫⣬ҪǸ٣Ҽʹ޸ܣֻ֪ͻһŽԼ߿Ҫһšһǰ;ɾȫˡ
һߴ̽䣬ĻԼɲ̰ܳС˺ܿҪԴġֻҪԼʺôǰûСǮ;
뵽бۿ˿³ССȻôһլܼһԼɼжôĹʳǴ޲ģֻºп̰ͼ˶֬࣡˸ǮֻºžҪȡôˣѿɾͲԶˡ
뵽ҶϰϵòȻ㣬Ǹˣ̰ǰһף˵գ־Ҫߡ
³Ȼһ£Щ죬һתָϽ׷ЦҪִ¾ùˣһЩġ
ҶһȻΪԼװǻǻѹۣվסˣ˪ѧִӰ߹ģĳӵЩаҪõΣͬ־˵գغһ̤ˡ
³³ȻҶǡͬ־һʵ˼
ҶһߣһЩʹģʮôˣٻǲˬ
תһ룬֮ԲˬԼ̫ˣҪԼҲƣĻںСǮ˵˵ȥ
ӱ׬Ǯᵽճ̡׬Լ׬ǮأܲʲôʫѰɣҲ׬Ǯ׸ŵӡ
Ȼ׬Ǯһǳ϶һûеط֣ҪϲҲ϶иֻ̣»̲ˡҪʱģԣʱֻ¿ơ
һ·Ҳû뵽ʲôð취ҶصǩѺûֻͯ⡣Ҷȥ⺣аİľڶҳдҿ
̷аİ㱨֮󣬽ִУľھҪ鵵ڵĵŵġ
ӦˣҪȥֱҶסˣ˭ҲҪ˵
ǣ
ߺҶſʼµİӡѾٿǰдˣΪ·ʲôǿɾˣ粻۲ĲѾһЩҲˡ
ĵһӣϸһ飬ɵüͷӺܼ򵥣ĳ·ҵأ֪ôģˣ˸ġǸøסһǮ˵ûô󣬵ǰסȥ·شм£ֻøȥ֮Լ̫ԩˣ͵Ÿ״۵飬ҲõԶԶֵôǮȡǮɾƥǣ۱ｫøץš
̷Ĳдǰдʮ˻ԭ㱨ͣҶ
أ̷ִﲢûӦǸϵĲҲ˵ûзɻߺͬϵɣ˲ӦõõĲø类ˣȨܺˣӦõõ⳥Ҫ˳ʵʧǮĲ־ߡҪ̷ܵ
ɶԺܶΪҲʹ´ֶģ֮һ̿ͽ꣡
Ķû⣬ڣ߰ɵĹ涨ֻҪǲñŵֶǿȶԷʧ⳥˫˽´Э飬ǸĺͽܵĶҪˣҪսܵ˼ȴбҪһʮͬʱЩǮ߿Ҫû١
嵽طһֻץҪûץǸǮһĵط߿ĴдҪԭɣӦû١
ҶûֱӸģ뾡ܵĸһ֪ԺְӦôͬʱҪòȥǸǮҲץƨɡ
ԣվҪȥ̷ȻվסˣĥӡⰸӲǸҪִ⳥˫ǿЭȷģһһ㶼ûʲôȻ̫Ҳʧƽ⣬ֲôûճ乫أӦûԭڣԼȴҪԭоĳһǷƳɵоҪ
˼Ӹô졣
߿ǱȽϺð죬ǵ߿ûյĹ涨ǹ涨ڡ顷Ժų̨ԣǷ÷ûûĹ涨Ҳ˵Υǰô죿ɡѾȷ涨ˣߣȡ˵ҪԸǮ˼ȴô죿Ҫץƨɣ
ְдʿһ飬ûͷְѡɡһϸ涨ģߣһ׶ʮһƥһȣʮƥͽһꡭɵǰһб˼ƽϡ
վд̷Ǹа참˹дʵݸʵд˵ˣֵƥ԰ɣ
ǰ
ǰʲôطľ۹ģ
ݡ
ţݵľ۶٣
ʮһƥ
Ǿǵأ
һƥ
أ
һƥ
ô֪ôϸ
ЦЦиģҾ߶֪
ȫ˵ĺķֱ
˵ǽϣǺϺǽϡ
͢û˵ĸطľۼֻ̨߳һͳһĹ涨
ûа
ȻûУ㰴ĵطļ۸ۣ𣿡
Щ˼ͷǰôġ
ţ㣬ⳬʧ߿ոպǼֵƥ𣿡
ǣһ㡣
٣
һƥӡ
Ǿ˵ûƥˣ
ǣ
ҶǶپǶ٣ôԼأ
Ǿȣæǣ͸Ĺ±ˡ
Ҷ¶΢Цˣ⴦ǲҲôˣ
ǵģӦдʮ


39 ɱʬ
ҶҪľΪɡ˵ǡߣȡ̷һʮʮȡҪǮֻĵʮ¼ȣͳ̷һʮҲͲôˡһ㽫ʷ˲鰸Ҳ鲻ʲôëˡ
㶨ˣԺƵİô죿
ҶЩֻ֣һһˡ
ӵǸҶһ⡣Ϊм漰۵ǰվΪ׼ģȫľô󣬸صž۸ı仯кܴĲͬɴ˱Ȼȫ̱׼һͬͬе϶ձڵˡˣӦƶһ۵Ĺ涨
Ҷרоʷģ֪Ĺ涨ƳȺƶΡһڿԪʱˡɳ͢ƶһȫʱͳһľۣÿƥʮġƳĩڵʱڣΪ´ң۷ǣԾļ۸Ҳѳ͢һͳһȫ۵ľı׼涨ÿƥΪŰġڵƳĹ涨ûС
׼ʵʱ˵һ£鳯͢ͳһĹ涨ĻӦзġ
ҶصǩѺſдʡм漰۵ġ
ΪѾ̷Ժдʣȫ͡ʱѾ͵Ҷﻹûͽĵİӣȫ˹Ҷʼ
ţξˣЦһľڣִ£
Ҷæξ𣿡
Ͱˡ
ѽξôԱ̷𣿿죬ϡ
ξѾڷҶļϣ΢ЦӷǳҪҿ֮󣬾ˡ
Ŷʲôõξ
һ˰֮ϱݸΪӴɣԷˡҪҸ˾ģòûʲô֮ݸܼȻ˵˰ӴɣǾҪúøֿһ飬ûзʲôֲ֮ݸܵ׺δɡ뵽ִ˾ģͨɣ԰ִֻԿôطˡ
ҶǶܿóˣ
ô˵ҶȤطһ¡ξЦ֣Ҿˡ˵գˡ
ҶȷһǰϱʱдʣģػҴһͯĸˣĶӲˣĴѰҡǴߵĺˮ﷢˶ӵ·ӣںˮ̣һֱֻۣͯϴֱ۵󴦲ƵϳԼĶӣ㵽űˡŲڸѰңڲͬĵطһֱֻۣ˫ţԼϳصɣжǳ࣬ڳˮ﷢һСͷ­ϣͯϵĶӡǲȫ˰ѯʣ˵쿴ӵĸˮţһкͯҲ֤ʵǰ˽ͨӦ߳ŭɱԼйߡǣ㽫ץ
Ѷʼϲɱˣ̾ߣйˣ˵Ϊһ£ʱԴײʯͷˣˣͰʬʬˣڴݣʬ·Ӷڱ¨ӡɴưԭԹɱдն̡
ֿݸķһ仰ɡ
İӣҪ̷飬㱨˾ξپִ˺󣬱ȻͲдʣٴʰо
Ӹ˾ξðûʲô⣬Ա͵Ҷ
Ҷǿʼľڡڲϲ࣬ҲһЩڹ֤ԣ⻹ʬĿдʬ󣬻սɵķʬõĲ˵һѡܿͰȫϿˣֻǰ˵û͹
ոտͯͻˣһдʡҶǰһºˮȫҳˣⶫаадʡ
Ҷͷˣȥʵξ˵ͯɱֶʬ˵͸ҿ
Ӧȥֻܿˣξ˵ˣ֤ⷿ永ͣҪֻȥֿ֤⿴ߵȿõʱ򿴣ʱΪ֤ݳʾġ
Ҷͷʼ˼ӡ
Ҫ˵ɵ㣬ִа֤ݱ׼˵ӿ϶֤ݵġ˿ڹ֮⣬Ψһ֤ݾǸ񿴼ͯǺͷ­ĳˮߵ֤ԡ֤Զûֱӵ֤áǷʬõĲ˵ΪûѪҲ֪ѪǲǾߵģǲ˵ġͯϵ֤û֤ӡ֤ʼղԼ˽ͨĿڹ˿̵ˣҪƳȡ֤ݵķʽǶִҶ˵кܴɵˡִ֤ڷǷ֤ݣҪųġһӵ֤ݾͷǳĵˡ
ѵݸ˵ġɡָ
ҶϾͷˡΪѧʷ֪йŴڹֻ֤֮Ҫпڹû֤ҲԶԴƳʱĶ֤ݱ׼Ѿ֤ݳֵԣݸ˵ĴɣӦò˵֤Ƿֵ⡣
ݸ˵Ĵʲô˼
˼⡣գд̷ͬдʵʰ˵
֮󣬷ԸҶ˰֪ξš
ҶӦˣȥξ˵ҪáξϽȥ֤ˡһ絽áź֮󣬵ξҶִǷҵ˰ӵĴ֮
ҶҡͷӰѾ˷ʬ֤ʬֳ֤ˡ֤ǳֵģǷȱǾǷȱ׸ɱ˶֤ݡûѯʵ˽ͨߵĸײ֤𣿡
ξ֤Ŀǰֻߵĸͯϵĳѯʸȫˣ˵֪
׷أ𣿡
ʼղһ㡣ֻɱ˺ӣ˵ΪӲ˺һѣˤԴײʯͷϣˡܺ£ò˵ʬˡ


40 ɱӺ
ҶüΪʲôϵĿڹûм¼
Ϊֻһô˵ãڽƱ磬Ҫǲ˹ʧɱûв˵
ţߵĸͯ˵˽ͨǸˣ𣿡
ûУΪͯ˵ʱϣֻǿһ˸Ұźͣ¾ͽһӾˡҲûпӾ˭
鷳ˡҶ˵Ҳֻͯһ˵ĳû֤ӡ֤
ɲﰡ˵տûвš
ɱ˵ĶȲԼĹʧɱ˵˵ֲͯϵͨ鱻ײƵ˵ûжˣ
ξͷǰϱʱҲ뵽ˣֻǣֶ˵ǰҲģҲй̵ģҲû˵ʲô׼ˡӣܲⷽɰɣ
ҶҲ벻ɵˡ˵ɡ
ֻˡ
صǩѺҶоⶫǰдʣֻ˼㷢һѵĴ󣬺Щӻ϶Ȩһսİӣֻס̣ҲǴƨɡٿ¿ʲôش󰸼ˣԼǲƨɡЩѾˡ
Ҫдȥҿ㿴ⲻԶξڳ֣дʣ˹ȥ𣿡
ûб¡ξ̷Ǹ⺣˵ˣԸ㣬һЩТ㡣֪
ҶЦⶫǺ𣿲˵Լûа취𣿿ӣǵξں˹˵ȷԲֻ͡ûãָ˴ţֻԼ鷳ߣԼѾ׼ˡ
£ҶΪѵӣҪ˵أѽ鷳ˣҲ֪ô£ղŰҽȥˣ˵ⶫӣѾҪƸˡ
ξһҶҶûжĿ⣬ü˽˵⺣Ȼȷɷ治̫Ϊ˻ǲģôߣҲˡұ˵˵ģҳէ˵Ҳ˵Ҫȥҿ˵˵飿
⺣ӣξ֪ΪִҶɺУ˵ҲΣҲ֪ɣƫƫϲ̷һˮȽ϶ɡҪ˵֪⺣飬ǽƸҲ֮УֻǣǰûҶһҪǽƸ⺣ߵϵֻǲԶġ
ξֺҶһۣܿҶλִ£ɱ￴ԼɲܻĴ㣬ΪһСС⺣ʵڲֵá˵ˣҪǿѾҪƸ⺣Լȥ˵飬Ҳûʲôô֪ˣ׼飬ײı䡣
ǣξ˵ˣʵͿ⺣ˣ̫ûʲô£ңİúѧҲˣô̷أߵĺáԺҸˡ
˵գξ֣ȥˡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦıӰϺ굹Ǻܻʹ档Ҫͱֻ¾Ͳôˡ
صǩѺҶǼдʣ˿ļǰҷЩдһЩ⡣
Ŷ˵д⣬
Ҫ֪ŴĹԱзǳҪһݾϣ˴⣬ɵٺãҲҪһƱġ
ҶѼӴ˴һһ˵ˡеǱûеģежġ
ɫԽԽѿʱˣЩӶ˭аģ
һ⺣аġ
ʣõδã
Ƿٹ߹ʧӦеһԭǰл̷ҶѾҪдͽһꡣ
ǺãϽ
Ǻװ
һ㶣ĥһĻϾҶ˼⺣ֻһа̷ֻóдʣ㱨͵ԼԼöϰôӵĴӣеб͸áԣҪ׷ԼղöϵҲѴ̵ġҪ׷ĳΣͽһꡣͽòһ󣬱뱨ݸŶǲ֪Լ˰Ҫʷ֪ˣһ˵ñ
ҿҶԼмؿһۣͷôë𣿡
Ҷףұԭ⺣Ѿ캣ˣ˵ǰһӡĸ׸ո˵ꡣģǾɥӣɣҪдͽһ꣡
ţͷúܺãȥߴͷԲӣϢҪ鴦
ǣ
Ҷ˲췿ͷЦӭȭ°ݼִ£
˵ͷۣҶֻ˲û¼ĹϵͷȻԳ£ȻǶҶһΡ
ҶæͷԼֵܣҪôɣ
Ҷ˵ǡԼֵܡôͷʱȫƮƮģϵЦݸӵĲˡæӭԼķ
Ҷֵܰҽ㣬мҪ찡
羡˵СܸǣȻҶѾ˵ԼֵܣͷƺˣҶΪˡʵҶҪöࡣ
ҶҲֵܣ鲻ҵ˽£ǿָʾġ˵̷⺣ھӸɥڼ䣬Ȼһӣȴ治飬ÿǳŭָԲ飬ģϢӣһҪ֮ԷҪ
ǣСϰͷֵСܻ˵⺣СӶ򰸼ܻߣҪҪҲһһ£
⺣ܻ߰ӣջǿǩġҪǴͻǣǲֵܳġǣҶҡͷˣҳ󲻿ҪǱԲ飬Ҫйص飬ǲҪˡ
ͷŶˣϾҶ˼æͷúãСס


41 Ƥ
齻ˣҶҪţͷֽס磬˵ҪլԺ𣿡
Ҷ΢Цһͷ
ҵʶһˣҲҪլԺΪǮҪۺܵ͡ǲȥ
Ҷ֪Ҫۺֻܵͣ¸³һǰ͡ǰǰ˼·λͷ˵ҪתһЩ̫ˣΪϿ϶Ҫϵģļĳֵܣ֪Ǻ⣬лˣշ໥æ϶УҪʲôҪҰæ˵һլԺ˵ѵĻǮҲϵܿɲܺҷŶ
⼸仰˵ôͷǸжŹӦˣ˵ҡ
ɢˡ
ҶոճǩѺ㿴ˣһү캣һǸҪͼҶ³
Ҷװûп³ӣ캣
캣Ц磬ȥԷȻȥ¥ɣ
ҶЦżȾƣ̫ˣܲˣϢϢͲȥˡ
ǴҲóԷǾȥԷȾƣΣ
аҶ캣ߣ³æ׷ǣסҶ
캣³֪飬Ҷſڵ㡣
캣֮³ҶǵôҪӹ󣬿ٽᣬֻҪ˹Ǯ
Ҷûֱ˵˵˱ȽϺãľûûˡµǳл֪ǸҺôˣֻǣҲܽܡңʱӣһʱ˵ˡ
³ЩΣļӰҪ˼ٺ١
Ҷһۣ֣ߡոߵýŴиƺƵĴӽ˳Ҷæ΢ЦӭЦִ£
ǷνݵһŮʫ޵ĸ׻ƶŵ¼¡¼Ҳ൱ƵĿƳ
ϴεξҶʱƶֻǵʱ˶࣬û˵ϻԼȻ֪ŮԼ֮飬ֻ¸һǸġ
Ҷع֣¼°𣿡
ûû£Ǻǣִ֪ûпգţģ˵ִסլ
ûе¡Ҷһڷ񶨣Ѿµ¼¸³ʹͷһͨͼ۳լԺԼлߣͽԼø¡
¼һ£ȻҶЩ׼ǣϾǶڻ켣ŵˣʲôûŶһ£ھһŹĵƤת飬غܱ˵ģִ»Ȥġðʡ
ҶһԼҪ׬ǮҪһƤҺܱˣĵزͽ˯ͷ㲻ɫʵŶʲôƤ
ģԭ׼޽һԺѾˣҪ޽ʱ򣬸˵ˣҲ׼޽һµԺûбҪԺغһ죬һǮưԺһҲѾѵضˡͬһѧ飬µأҪȥģ۸ˡܶüִ£ʣִ֪ûȤ
ⷬ˵ǲҶͬССӴ䲻ıµͬʱҲһȻ׼޽ԺĵƤƤռһܴԼϣпȴǵģҪǵƤܱˣôҵ˲𣿡
¼µǰǰƤܶ˶۲أڣڸ빺Ƥ˵ĵǼǣڱ͸վ˭ҪҶ£¿԰æġ
Ŷô
¼΢΢һЦﲻ˵ִܷ֮ƼݺᣬѾ±ƣǱԱ飬Σ
ҶԻ¼µŮʫ޷ǳʵڲȥңǣ˵ǳ˵ĵذǰԼַǳõһ̶ĸȥ͵Ա߶һֻˡ
뵽⣬ҶֵȻ¼һ񰮣ĳҪƴǣǾ̫ˡ
¼ϲüңֵã룡бɵ
ҶŻ¼ſڣ캣Ҷ£ͲȥˡԼȥɡ
캣¼һ𣬱֪¼ˣ㹰ָˡ
¼µʱ仹磬Ҫȥǿأڸ·Եˡ
ð
صش֣Ѿ޽һǽΧ£ΪԺΧǽġԲּ׵Χǽשߣǳĸߴʵſиͷŷ¼ˣæͷʩ
¼ûпҶԺ
ҶȥɵһÿѾƽԶΧǽıҷֻһСڵôˡôĵطҪǿɾ̫ˬˡ
¼µƤռغܿҪִ²޽ôլԺ԰ĵƤ
Ҷ룬ҪŪأһС޷ӣȫٽֵĻ޽̳⣬λȥأ
Ҷغܺãֻǲҵﰡ
Ȼ
˳¼µļߡŵһߣſڣһլԺӹģϿȶŶ椼ҵҪöࡣջƵ¼£׬˲Ǯ
¼¶ŷϽģ߷˺С㣬˵ִµˣǸϽĻμ
ŷæӦ첽ȥˡ
¼Ҷ£ʹӷϱĺˮʱ鲽˼ŮӣѾ֮⣬Ϊ׵һ긾ˣǻ¼µӣһǷνݵһŮʫޡ
ʫ޵ͷ԰ף΢΢ĸ׵
¼ƼŮɫŭӣִ
ʫŶһǰû˵¼Ѿ£
ʫ޹һҶǰӵؿ϶˵ԡԲ𡭡
ҶҪǿأҲ̫û¼ûӡϣûԶѣҲûԶĵˡ˴ˣҲҶ˵ԭ
ԣҶ¶һľȣ¼£ʲôлú˵
ʫ޼ûзȻ
¼µִ£СŮ״㣬˵֮󣬷ǳŭ½޷ˣüҷ
ʹӱһӣʫŵһӹ˵ϡĸһ˹ȥסŮصؿ顣
¼һӣŭ
Ůͣҡͷ
¼¾ӾҪ飬Ҷæס¼£ҸȲǹһСᣬûʲôġҪСֻˣ
˵գ¼ıӣݸԱߵʹӡ


42 ˯ԧ
ϣϣ¼ţͷߵлִµĿ
ʫæֱӿͷлӡ
Ҷæֹȥסĸ첲ƹˣ𣡡
һ£е˶ˡ
Ů֮ŴǷǳĽģرЩĴ˼ңиŮ˿ǶǸʣеĻҪñɴֲŸֱӷ˼ҴŮĸ첲ģִʱҶ˵ΣǶƳЩˣ̫ˡ
ʫ޸ǻʧɫһվֱҶֳأ־ͨض㵽ĸ׵
¼·Ҳˡ¼ֳһĨ΢Ц룬ҶԼŮʵ˼ģֻ֮ǰᣬɴ˶ȻҶԼŮ˼Ժɾͺðˣ΢Цһۡ
ɷ룬Ů˳޶⺢Ӳ£ִ¼Цˡ
¼µ׼ûУ
Ѿ׼ˡæ
ǺãǾϯɡ磬ûˡ
Ҷͷ߶ˡ
ⷹĵطһů󣬷һżžµĲȺ;ˮΪڻǳҹ֮Щ⣬ů߶̿¯ȡů
˷ֱ¡ʵҲҶͻ¼ˣŮǲġ¼»ʹѾ˳ѷŹϡ¼¾˼֮󣬵ҶȻִأǾͽˡִ²òġ
ô˵ǼҪ򣬲Ūɣ
¼΢΢һЦȻ࣬ǣȥҪֻһǾˡ
˼ֻһ
š
ǱҪأ
ִ·ģЩ졣ѾɣǶ˵ġ˾Ƽִ£֪ҪأǲᲵӵġ
Ǯ桭
أֻҪٹᣬõļ۸ҲңòܴгǮԻԭ۳ۡ˵ѹ˵ʵĵؼۣٹᣡ
Ҷ۾ԲˣүǾһ󰡡̫ˡշʽ룬۸϶ܱ˵ģִܳҲǷǳ͵ļ۸񣬸˿֮޽˷ȥǾͷ˲֪ٱŴֻⷽ¸һЩ
Ҷĥһ£Ӧ׵ģٲˡΪù۵ģļ۸ȷģ˭ΪԼż٣̸̰۸ܵ⣬֪Ҳ뷨
¼°ôôԼ᲻Լ̰أɵðѻ˵ǰ棬ǶԼˣͿżɽ˵֪¼Ҫʲô
¼һ֣ʲôãֻһ˳ˮѣ˭Ǹ˱ˣΪʲôԼˣ԰ɣٺ٣
ҶԼԼɵЦˣ룬ǰѻִ֪£У˱͵С£ЩǾԲɵġԼˣɲΪѡ
ֵܷģЩףԲֵΪѵġǺǣ
ǾͺáҶʱûôǮ
ôżģŲŽ㣬ǸʱٸҲ٣Ҫʱֵһʱͷ㣬취һҲû¡أҰ죬ܲġ
ã
㶨ҶܺãƵƵٱ
һᣬҶջҪͬʰܺˣ£ĳ͸ˡ˵¼ȴסˣڲŸոڣҲûų˼ִ±Ҫ߰ѵᣬôݲݳһƾ߰ģҲľƣһᣬȥЪղôӰġ
Ҷðɣ
¼²ߣ뵽˸ղԼŮ飬˼ƽϣ˳ԾҲƵúܣҪСŮ辴ƣΣﻹǲġִһɡ
ðĳϴ
Ƭ̣ʫ޴żѾ߻мʦ
ѾһۺɫȹֱĻһױشһ£ü䣬üĿ飬ȣװԵിף쳣Ҷʶ񣬵òڼĶɫĸ۵㣬ҲһᱻסġǣѾ˽񿴼һƻ澡Ư붼ġ
һ㶼ûб¶΢Ц
Ҷ΢Цûʫ޽ŵˣΪҶѾԭѾϲߴȻѣҶ͸ơԾһơ
¼΢ЦִǼҵĹͣҪչʾѧִָ̰
áСþͳһСõ׾ָ̡
˵գͷһǼʦʦͷ˿֮ڼŮİУʫ裬ת
ϵ²ࡣ
˼
뺣֦
캮ͬ¡
ͬ
̡
˭̺Գ˫
ǡºҶ˯ԧ졣
ҶЦˣɧ˼ô룬ȴкò
ʫ޿ƱȻãһΪСøʫһףΣڴ¥ǰ߲ʫʫѣݵһĲȹˣСд۸񣿡
ҶƹݵһŮҿɲǰŪ
ЦˣЩ֮ޣСÿɲҵݵһҪ˵һ߲ʫ㣬˭ʢ´翴Сãָ̡
ƹǫˣ
СùhҪǴ粻⣬ǽҹ˵䣬Ѿߺ
ҶбŴŮӵĹǲ׸߱˵ģرˣСӸҹѵʲôͼ
װûתͷԻ¼µѾЩˣ벻ʲôʫģȻȷҪҳҾֻ׳ˡ
¼˵ҡʫҲæ˵ǫˡ
ҶҡԴŻʫ޵ƹ˵ǰ棬Ҫ˵ˣɲˣ
ʫûнԼҲ֪ǹװûⲻƺЩΣæСòҡϴ
ҶǱƣһ˼ӣһⲽſߣߵ߲վסˣŻʫޣܰġˡ
ǰȥ
Զ
δϴ
Ǿޱл
ʱ
һΰ˿
¯Ӧɲú
Īʹסƺҡ
ϣаԺЦһȸ˱оƣתʫ޸Ůȴɵôסˡֻ¼ЦԼЦƺڿԼŮƵġʫޣȴҺߴͷٲȻǸеСŮӡ
ô


43 °б
Ҷ֮ѡ״ʣΪ״Ǳδܰдһ¥Ůӵģ˵ԼҪˣ᲻ãȻˣһģǸ輧質Ҳûа취飬ҲԴףǵİ鵱¯̿ȼյʱףȼ˱˻ҽѡһ״ʣֻΪ״д¥輧ģЦʫǸ輧ô⸱飬Īû״ʵĺ壿
ԣʫ޺ųݵһŮʫǾԲܵġǲˣ
ϻͷһ״ʣɵðԽп࣬Լ״д¥輧ģЦʫޣȴûпǵ״һװʫʣңʫвûᵽ¥ΪʫڼĿ˸裬ҲûʲôˡΪԼ߲дһ״ʣʫޱﰮĽ֮顣ѹԡ
Ҷֻεعվװʫ޷ӦҲ죬ȥȻסĸ첲ߴСģ
ҶҡһӣԲҡЩˣҸղдʲôˣҪЦ
ʫ統ţ߲ʫ˹⾳УСѾġ
ҶЦЦصλ
¼µϽģִһѾ㣡
ʫҶ£ҲˣСø紵һѾƣ𣿡
ҴѾƣҶ¶һĨЦðɣ
ʫԼеһ㺬壬źһۣȡһܰڽ۵ĺ촽ǰҶߵϣش
˵ʵʫ޵Ķﴵû൱ġֻǣҶȴСڴһڴ¥÷ΪԼҶΪԼ̾
һϣҶƽкã̾
ʫ΢ЦٸʫһףΣ
ҶڸǰԼһ״ʵΣͷãĳ׳󣡡
ʫ޸һƣӹվŴȥû߲Ѿ˴ǰͷ˿ֿվǽߵһŮٻ̧ͷȥֻһߡгʫΤׯʫ
ϸۻ
¥ʤޡ
֪ɿߣ
ֻ˼主ҡ
廧ҹܺУ
ҷϼ
ȴɢ
ٳǽͷ°б
ʫǴʫΤׯ򺣾ڶʹͬƽܱҵġдϸ󣬺ۼ鱦䣬ǡӫӫ⣬֮١Ů˼ңסĵطҲˡޡսɢȥŮˣֻʣߵİԼ
ʫͷʫǣֻԼǰĽͳ羴ڴ֮ǰǾʫʲ飬һģڣҶʫʣžԼֱǾ֮ܣǰҶǲĲӣ˵һֻ֣ǼٰˣԼȻ飬ԲѷɵǲǺڡڽ쿴ԼǸϿңõԭ£Ѿ˰⣬ɵǻϲԺ
ҶǺӣ֪ɧԼˣԼûаȤޱ齫оƺȸɣ˵һ׳ˣصλ
ʫæƣµһˣģҪǾãԺļҡ
¼΢ЦԶԣִ°ҲˣʸӲͷˣɴûмִĲģȣĲʲôӴԺݵһӣӦ˵ǴƵһӣ
ҶЦˣʲôһӲŮģֻ²ô׵õİɡ
ʫ޵һһȵʫܷźš
ʫ᣿
ǰÿ괺죬ٳǰ־Сɴʷ֣вͷأ߲ͷʮᣬ߹ᣬ̽ᡣŮޡ磬˲飬ʱһҪȥҪȥˣһܶ¿ף
Ҷбۿ΢ЦλݵһҲҪμ𣿡
ǰȻμӣǰ꣬Һֱ˵һǲôƺǡʵĵһӦ
ҶǲȥμʲôʫģرǶʷҲڣʵڲⳡڧ֮Уֻһʫᣬֲʲô¼ҲܵǣȷЩͬ飬ȥλ˫ȫһۣ͵Դˡ뵽ʵôҪ𣿡
ûУŮٶԡ죬ÿҪҪڹ涨ʱ︳ʫһףú͸Ժ̲УҪÿԣòʸˡ̭Ҫʫ̵Уÿ̭ʮһֱֻʣʮΪֹɴʷ˳⣬ɴʷ˺ԺľλѧСѡס̽Ͱۡʷ԰佱ʣƳһܡ
е˼ҶʲôʱУ
ÿ³һС
£ðʱȥñʲô𣿡
ãʱһȥ𣿡
а
ǿ˵ˣʫԵú˷ܣָҶơ
ҶҺ㲻ȣǿɲС
ʫ޾һ㣬ڸǰҺȾơû뵽¼΢Цͷ޶ȼˡ
ǣʫ޶˾ྴҶһ󱭣ʫҲźϾˡԵԽĽɰҶбСƤмɫϧֻǸ廨ͷ
ʱҶǡ
¼æŮ޶Ϊˣ硣
ʫ޺ߵͷΪҶҲЩվȣĸ첲ɫſߡ
ھԺ¹ǣһԻǰµ¡
ۿԺſڻʫ޲ЩҲ֪Ϊĺ⣬ļš͵͵һҶ磬㡭ĲСõ𣿡
Ҷվסˣ˵أ
ʫ޵ͷԲĶԲСôˣԭ¡
ûг⣡Ҷ
ʫ̧ǡҪг⣿
˵أҶǰƤ߸뿴Լô˵ɧ굽׻ô
ʫߴͷЩСáᡭ̸ҡ
ҶǰһҪģС죬سǽ޵ĺ촽˹ȥ
ʫ޽ŵĶҪˣϽ۾ȴŮĵһǡ
ǣʼûиоҶ촽ȴҶס£ҪˣûֻܻҲҪǰøһİ裬ΪǣǷǳᣡҲԭ㣡
ʫſۣҶɫ¿ʵգ־ҧź촽֪˵ʲôá
ҶҲ˵߳Ժţȴﻹа⣿


44 
ڶϣҪݸĻҴɱ˰ҶûмŴãȻӰĳ⣬ʵǲ֪ؾˣȵ˴ÿ˿ӰҲࡣ˶ûҲûʡǣȥ緹
ŵŹû緹ģֻܵԡ
ȥģȻ¥ҵС̡
СſڣȻ˳Щڵ㡣ˣϲ̵ųȻǿ⴮
ҲܵͣҶִ˵ȻǲһôĶǣ⣬Ƴ˵һγԵȻ⣬϶棬ԶͳԡԼ̸¥ȻôܻӭҶеܸˡ
ſ⴮¥￴Ͻİ⴮£Źϲ磬ˣ
ţ㣬Ҳ⴮һǳ԰ϡ
ãɣ̸ҵ⴮رܻӭһֱæҹöءһŶˡ
˵ŶӵѾͷؽеιϽİ⴮ǻء
ˣ¥ӦһȰҶӭŽȥ⴮
ͷذҶӭ£Զ˰ϡ
ҶҲӵģ֮óǮҪʣôգ˵ҶǼҿ⴮ǮˣǸһƵ·ӣôҪǮءҶȴ˵⣬ͲⵥҪȻʲôǮǲգ´ξͲˡֻˡ
Ҷ뿪ʱ򣬼¥ſæòֺģֻЦЦӻ֣ˡ
صţѾˣ¼ı̷Ҷˣæʩ
ҶõһЩ顣˵ˡ˵ִ£Ҫȫ̲룬ùֻǳ䵱ʣһЩϵˡ
ҶŪ֮󣬱ȥǩѺſ
һᣬξˣ˵е֤ܺ˼б涼ѾλȺв١˵ŻˡξͷԸá
Ҷſúţƹ磬˴ãߺȡ䣡ͬʱˮƵأ׳ۡ
ů󼸰£ֹͣҶվڿĲ󷽣ŴϵٵϰվڴյϿ֣û˸˵
棡
۽صļİѺ˴ãڼǰ¡
ҶϸһǰһϾȻǸСˣΪԭӱȽϽ׳ǲׯ˵Ĵ׳ǷǳȳƵĽϸü续еڣȴ͸ܽɫ󡣴صļӷ
ǰѾѶһΣȻӷһΣ︾ϣ֪
벻鷢ˣǹڵϵϣȻŵԩǺӲɱԩģү
벻ڷ֮󣬰Ȼᷭ²Ȼŭصؽľһģ󸾣ǰй˷ַϷŪأˣ̣
ܿ죬ָҲľɵһ̾ߣڰָͷؽϣаָؽڣصָܰؽڼ飡
һϣϾ͵ֵסˣҽ˵ţ
ֽͣҰɱ˾ϸ˵һ飡
ϰѾ˵ˣ¸ǰĹࡣ
ϰ龭˵꣬ͷҲûжʣ︾ȥ֮ĸͯϣ
ܿ죬˵ĸͯϱϴãڵϡ
ӱɱľ֪˵һ飡
ͯϵĻشҶһֻ˵Ӳҵʬľûϴ˵ײϸ˽ͨ顣Ҳ֣ʵ֪ΪʲôҪɱĺӣ
񸾲֪
ǰ˵ײϸ˽ͨ飬𣿡
ͯϵͷһ£˵ʱܺڣҲϴҲġ
ģüôģ
ҿкӰζҲ֪ǲˣȥ֮󿴼ڸ˽ͨʵʱûпǺӰǲˡ
ľһģΪʲôϴ˵Ǹˣֻûп˭
ϸϸ룬־ò̫һˣӰ
Ӱ
ţԱ߾мӡ
ȥʣͯϼ˵Լˣϴεû˵ˣھòӦ˵ʵ
ɫѿΪͯײ˽ͨ飬Ȼû϶ٸγȷϲĺܴӰġڣͯϾȻ˵ȷǸӰǴӰӣԻˡԼĵȷ˺ܴĲ
ҶҲú֣Ϊϸͯϵ֤Ա¼˵úͯϵʱи˸Ұźͣһ˹ˡûп˭֤һȷɵġǣȴ˵ûпǲˡܿӰӣ
˾ľҶ֪Ҫ֤ͯϴȥһҪϸûѯʣһִµİţʾִлҪǣתͷ
ҶǰһߵΪʲôһҰȹӣ
۾һ԰תͷͯϵϴ˵㿴Ǹ֮ȥ϶ÿ׼𣿡
ͯ˵ǵģҹȥʱſϵǸղŶʺɡ
ʺ
ǰ˵ǹҿӣȴ˵ſϵȫһ°
㵵صͯϣֻͷ˿ҶҶҲˣ벻ͯ϶Ȼǰ˽ͨˣ˵˿ʺ֮ӡҪɱ˶Ҫ֤ݾһĨˣҲͳ׶ҡȷţ
˰죬ŷԸͯϴȥǸڷͷĳˮ߶µǸĿ
֮󣬿㿴ͷ­ˮߵ龭˵һ飡
Ĩ˶ͷһ亹СġСĲûпǸϡ
۾ɴģľһģǵ󵨣ϴβǿڿ˵㿴Ǹ˾㻹һûӦҴô˵ˣ
æͷϴô˵ֻΪ˴·еϵģʵûпϹ¡⼸Һúһ£ӦҲ´ˣҪȻôأСϴοŲͺ˵С˵Ĳԣүˡ


45 ڵĲ˵
ڴЩգǰϷ̺йߵĸְͯԭײ˽ͨƷˣ˵ֻǸӰֻʺЩϰձ㿪ʼ۷׷׵ˡڣҲƷԼǰ֤ʣ˵ʱʵûпʬֳǸϣֻǴ·ƶӦòǣΪǸûкǺЩϰոһƬȻ
ĿɿڴŹľľֹ۷׷״İˡð죬ŻعַȻ˵ԼǲģǸӦòϡ
ֻðȥ
ʬ֮󣬿ʬشһ߰ͯò˵ʬϵĲλֽŵĹؽڴͷ­ӶϿڵӦòؽڵԼֱӿ˹ͷϡǣһǳεǴϼȡķʬõĲ˵ĵڣûκξͻڣΪʲôСĲ
ںһ֣ϴõʱû˵ô˵ÿֵɴ۾ǰѲ˵أ
˵Ѿ׼ˣһ֤˵˼ϡһ氵ɫѪڣйȻûκͻڡ
ϴãҲչ˲˵ģֻø˰ϱϣûùԼԵʱҲûע⵽⡣ڿȻˡ鷳ˡ
ò˵зʬһ𣿡
ҪôʬģǶԹؽںϤдӹؽڵķ϶пǾͲ˵УʬѴ඼ںӲĴϣֽŻвˣܹҪͷȹΪӲҪ뿳Ĺͷһ߻ڵġ
һԵҶü˼һ£ӵʬ滭ͼҲϸǱϾǻͼëʰģԷǳĴֲڣֻֽŵΣûж֫ϸĿԵӻͼϿǿ忴ʲôطġôһ˵еҲ
ڣӳ˱˿ڹ֮⣬еĹؼ֤ݶƷˣֳ˷ǳɵ㣬ֻ¾Ͷ˰
УֻǰԼִµİ߹ģȷû뵽תͷ˿󷽵Ҷͷһ
Ҷæ̧ͷǰһӳ˺ܶɵ㣬Ҫһ˲飬ãȲô֮ü
ͷľһģã
Ȼ󣬿ŷߺųȥˡҶǩѺ
£վһԵҶӸô죿
Ҷ룬ӳ˺ܶһ˵
ţ㸺ˡ
ǣҶصԼ鷿£˼Ӹֵ顣
ʱͷˣſڵͷ磡
Ҷæͷ˵
ͷϽվļԣ⺣Ǽ£ѾˣȷǰһӣĸײһŸ¡ھɥӣҹץ˴ˣѶϲ䡣
ܺãӣǲТ
ͷֵ֮⣬һ⼸С
ŶʲôУ
һǸͷ̾ߣʲôйˡ˵ɵĺܶ໵£참ǮƾͲ˵ˣȺ˸˽ͨһɩӣ⣬͵˼ҵĶֵüƥأ
Ҷɩ˽ͨ飬Ѿʵ𣿡
ʵˣҹ֮˽ͨ˶ץụ̂ǾͶˡȷʵ
ҶЦɩ˽ͨǿҪǧģӣһˡ
ǰǰһ磬ŵ˶֪ˣ˵Ǹ¹ޣء
Ҷļ򣬵úܲ
л佱ԺôԸ羡˵
ţ¾һҪЭҰ
ʲô°磡
翵ɱֶ֧ʬҪ֤˶Ʒԭ֤ʣúΣѾҵ顣ʱ˸һȥ
õģӴķԸһ顣
ͷ֮Ҷݰ˿صͷҪ̷ץ
Ҷȥ̷̷ЩҶﻹǰ̬ȣһͺ󿴼˿ӣعؾվţЦ̷˾
Ҷ˾⺣ɣѾץˡܿͻ͵̷ҸǣҪϱ
˾æĵͷӦ
Ҷֵ⣬̷참̫⣬ϣƽʱ࿴ɣҪ˰ӣɱĴȨǲܿЦġ
˾æͷӦ
Ҷ뿪˾ϵЦݲ̷ǵִµĻˣӣԺעŵ㣬ײִµⶫǰ
ǶӦˣͷ
ҶûлǩѺҪֿʼӡǼƷ֤ʵ֤ˣھѯʣڴ϶ˣҲܸı䡣ҪҵĶߣԱȷЩ˾˵滰ǱĻԡ
ҶѾβ֤Ҫ֤Ƕ֡
˵ǸǳҪҪô¡ŵ֤ҡֵϽʩ
ҶոǸɱֶͻ𣿡
æͻˣѾźˡ
ҿԽȥ𣿡
ЩΪѵ໥һۣЦ˵ŵĹأ֤Ҳ롭
ָҵӣҪȥͬʱҪǼ⡣
ִ룡
Ҷȥ鿴һ£ӲССӡĳĳָϰӣˣȻǰѴѪĲ˵
Ҷ˿֤óʾ֮⣬û˶
ûУǳ϶ҡҡͷһãƽʱҲûЩ֤ġ
ûпܱ˽óȥʹ֮󣬵ɱ֤ͻ
̫ܣΪȡ֤ˣܽ룬ſڵţȡҪǼǵġ
š
ҶͷղԼҪû˵ָ֮ǰȻ֪ǲִˣǻû롣˵˵˲Ӧġ


46 ʬһ
Ҷʣ˻Ҳϸ𣿡
໥һۣ֤֮ǰҪ˶ûʱҲҪ˶
ѵǵʱϸ鿴ˣ
ǵġ
óȥ֮ǰûо߻ڣ
໥һۣӣûʲôͻڰ
ҶͷǾ˵ӳû⡣еìνͣأ
һ⣬ҪҺʵʬ
ûȥΪڴѾ˵úʬпڴڼӲĴϣϵģҪǵھͿ϶߻ڡûУ
Ҫұ˺ʵ˵
˲෿ͷϽǰʩ
Ҷʣɱֶʱʬˣ˭ڳ
Һͼ춼ڡ̫ˡ
ϸʬĶϿ𣿡
ǵûУˣҾԱߣûȥϸˣܶĵġ
Ҷһϸʬû֣Ҳûʹɱ˵ϵĿڹҲû˵ʣʬ鱻չ
ǰܶĵġ
Ǽأ
վøԶöģûйߡ
ֽǴʲôطϵģ
ǴͷָԼļ򣬻дȸԼӡ
ʲôλؽڻǹͷ
Ҿ˵ˡûϸ
ʬôģ
֮󣬾ͽǼˣӦ˰ɣ岻
Ҷ˼Ƭֻ̣µÿʬˡһʵʿһʬĶϿھǲڹͷϣȷʬǷ񱻷չҪ֤ⷽݡĿģʵؿֳиֱ۵ӡǣҶʣҪʬӦô
ͷŲˣǰ참Ҳйʬľ֪úȻſֱӾǷ񿪹ʬֻҪ֪ͨ˺ʹڳˡ
ȥĻҴ壬жԶ
̫ԶĻ֮ǰܸϻ
Ǻã׼һ£Ǽ̶ǰ
ͷӦˣȥ׼ƥͬʱ֪ͨ
ҶȴǩѺ˵һԼĴ㡣·ξǩѺʱξסˡξˣ
ǰ
˵Ǽ֤˶ˣ
š
ξƵⰸӹȻɵ㰡ݸſ׼ⲻ֮󣬱ȫһˡӾǲϸɵأ
˵ҵء
Ŷִ׼ô飿
Ҷһۣ治£ʵôҲʡ
Ҷû˵ξˣæֵǸʡٺ٣ȥæɡ
ҶָǣǩѺ˵ԼĴ㡣˵ֻҪô飬ҶԼʬ
һεõ˿ȷȨҶеˡ
ٴ췿ʱ򣬴ͷѾǣżƥżֱ֮Ҵ塣
˻Ҵ壬˴˵⡣
ޣ֪Ҷߵִ£ʵͽᣬҶķԸæĽ˰ߵүү֤Ϊߵĸͯϻûлصӡ˼׳æĹ
үүʬĵطʱʬ鶼֮ſ꣬ǼˣһСײģ˴ķص
˵ͷʼĹѹײ̧˳һԣ˿ײĶ˹ײġһɴ̱ǵĶʱе˶ס˱ӣҶ
ҪҪʬȡҶҡͷ˵áűǰ쿴Щʬ鶼Ѿ߶ȸܣײĵڵʬˮʬʬˮ
Ϊǰʬѹ֮󣬰·ӽԳʬзʬġʱʱ򣬼ҲֻǰʬڹײûнзϺʹ£ԻԭҶҪ쿴ϿڡʵϸѾȷؿ˵ûʬĶϿڵȷڹͷϣڹؽڴֱۺʹȶҲ˵ҪĸӲĴǣǲ˵Ȼû˿ľ߻ڡȷɡ
ѵ⸾˼в˵Ĳ˵ȻһıҶԳЦЦϸ쿴ûܽʬ飬ֹȻԵƵĺۼ
Ҷϴθʬʬ鱻չôûдȥ
Щ˼ΪյòǺԣСľûд
ٲҲʵ¼ܻһҪư𣿡ҶЩˣ˺ܶࡣ
ǣСļסˡ
ǷǱȻʬģ
ǣСѾ쿴ʬĺûвݻңӦŷʬ
Ҷôͷһ֦ԼᲦͷ­¶ͷ­ĺΪ˵ƵССĺײʯͷϣˡȻܵߵӦǺصġ
ϸ쿴ͷ­ûκιۺۼǺԣͷ­û˺ۼ
ҶǸʬʱǷͷˣ
ûˡܿ϶˵
ôģ
СľãӦõӸ˺ġΪͷˡ
ҶűӸȥϸϿڣͻȻ۾һ߲Ѿฯˣ¶İ׹ǣǰ׹ǣӦǼ״ǹˣ
ҶѧƵʱѧҽѧʦְٵĹɱ˰окüİʬʵϸƬǵļ״ǹۣǰӣ
ѵǱģ
Ҷ˹ָǹ۵ļ״ǣô£
ϸһɵϱɫǺǹ˰ҪͿġ
Ҷʣʬʱûз֣
ûУΪûʿ쿴
ҶˣŴʬֻǼʬıһ㲻ʬнʡһԴӹŴҽѧרδȵġϴԩ¼ûʬʵݱ֤ڣҲô˵֤ʵһ㡣
ֺҪ֤˵Ƶ˶˵ѡǱġֻǹⷸڹʧ⡣
Ҷһ۹ײʬ飬׼ѹײ¶ðᣬͻȻĿһ¶ʬˮˮĵϣ
ݣײôеݣ
ǰ֮ûпΪûʬˮղŲͷ­ˣð˳
ҶûֱȥǶԸѹײʬˮҨҪСĲǵݡˮưʬˮ󲿷ֶҨ˳¶ʬǡ
ҶϸһǵǴߵıϳڵɵ²ҲǹġֻһС档


47 
øдʬ¼һ֣ͼȡݡȻٴμײ棬ûбķ֣ʴͷǷƨһֵĵط
ڴһݴ
ҶԸײ¶ᣬָԭȻԴͷȥʬβĵط
Ŵͷ˴ҰͷָһӲݴڣˡ
Ҷϸ˿ģûκεݵټٿܣһƬб£˹ľӲݣûеңԶС·Ǹ£ŵݴС·߹ǵҲ̫ܵ
ѵǴ紵ģԣǵǴӹչģ͸ˣҪ˵һȴƵĲжϵǻҲǷ˼ˣ
пܵǣʬǣܿڵݶĸطܾܿǷʬֳ
ʬεĵط˿ͬʱֻʬ˷գҪҰ⣬ѱ˿ڡ߼һҶʼоԼ˷ˡ
Ҷ޴ȥϵļң
ϵļҾĸ׵ļҺܽΪݡ·ϣҶѯ˴֪ϵɷһٻǻûкӣˣֻһˡȻмɫȴǺظճϢû˵ôš
˽ǰҶʣͯ˵Ŀϸ˽ͨĵط
ͷָָҵķӴŰಽһݵأ˵ľ
Ҷ˿ȻмľԱȽƫƧΧû˼ҡҶʣȻǵһڼҪ˽ͨôӵҪҰأñײ
ͷҲˣʸڷ飬ͯ˵ΪҰúܽͯϼҺҲȥ棬±ײưɡ
šҶͷ˵Ҳ棬ڼﻹҪȫܶ࣬Ҫ˴ţ԰ѷŴϣٷ롣İ취ܶడ
Ҷǰ˿ŵģ˷޴ϲɷûл
޴ûлҲ֪ûа취ȥӦû֪ɱ˵顣
Ҷʵô
޴Ҷɱ˵ĿԲ󡣡
Ϊʲô
ظģҲҪ˵ɱȻ֧ʬ壬ҶЩ̫š
˶ӡˣҶǰֳǸųؼڴϳٸ
ǰͦõģ̫˽ͨңķģûгֹ˽ͨ顣
Ҷû⣬Ը޴ԶȴǰֻʹͷˡôͷѷסĴŴ򿪣ûϽȥֳͼûǰʵôֱۣƽͼһʱܸǰǺϡ
ͷڲԹɫǰܵʱֳûʲôصģĵϺܸɾ˵ɱ˵ֳڳƵֶˤģȻڳ˷ʬʱ򣬳ʲôûзֻ֣һѲ˵ڳСˮҵģǸϽ֮ҵġѪ
Ҷһǰĵطҵ˲˵Ѳ˵֤ǷʬǾڡȹ֤ҲǸݿڹҵʬ塢ȵ֤֤ͷǳǿǾԵ֤ݡǣ鷳ǣѲ˵ڸʬвɽ͵ìܡ˵ĵڿôͷ֮󣬾Ȼûаͻڡشɵ㲻ųĻ޷֤Ѳ˵Ƿʬ
ȻҪִᣬбĽ취Ǿȡ˵ϵѪDNA֤ߵģΪ֤ʹˡϧƳ
˳ũĳ̨ܴкüڹשŵģǳĸɾָɾˮˢһϸ쿴ϵשķ϶ϣҵѪʲôʧˣʲôûз֡
Ҷ˫磬ŵ˼ҪֳʲôûзֵĻҪ֤˶֮󣬰е֤ݿ¾Ͳö
ģĿֳ
۲죬ڣǽǵĴˮ׺һСͨġϽ˳ţӦλãȴûзˮԴͷڿ
ͷϽһѳͷڿҶָʾĵطܿ죬ͷһײʲôӲϡϽٿ㿴һʯ塣ʯҿһˮܳ
Ҷôͷˮеʯ嶼ҿ˳ˮ顣
ˮжֵһЩҶ׷ɶġȡ˳һʯϡز쿴
ͻȻ۾һһСѵһССǣ
ǹƣǿ⵽˵ĹͷʲôĹͷ
ѹͷһߣֽңַ˺üǣǳСʲôͷ
ϧҪڣҽǿԸЩͷǲ˵ĹͷԼǲߵĹͷƳ
֮⣬ҵһЩͷȱִҽֶεĹŴ˵ʲô⡣
ˮӵľͷǷֲ˵ǸСˮھϵӲԶһݴڳˮڸҲһЩͷмǡ
ֺȡǺͷľ˿¼˷ֵصֳͼ
ֳ֮ҶƵ˳쿴˺棬ͷһѵݣ
еݣ;˺ܶũҵķǰݺеݡԣܰϼҵĵݸʬʬ淢ֵĵݱȻϵҪѰҽһҪ֤ݡ
ݷʲôʲô
ҶվԶ޴֡޴Ͻ˹
ҶָһݺĵݵЩʲôõģ
޴һۣЦ˵ջġ
ջ𣿡
ǰⶼǵÿ˵ӣ⵾Ѿûˣɹ̨ջ𡣡
Ҷˣ۾һ̨
ɫͷӻ֣ʾ޴ˡ
޴֮ҶҲ˳̨ǰһ鿴˼̨ڡÿһ涼һЩҽһЩûĵݣǣ̨ǰĵϣȴûһݣܿǱˡ
ҶԸͷѼڹ̧һߡȻһ̨ûʲô쳣ֽȥ淢ֵﶼȡ쿴
һ̨Ļҽʱо˻ҽһʲôһ۾ˣ
ǣʲôû˵µذǶӽ̨һ̨
ȵе̨ȫһ֮̾һԸͷѹӶ˻ȥ


48 
˫ֱ̨Ĺ׻ŪڣϽĴһˮϴ֡
Ҷϴִų޴æִ»Ҫȥʲôط𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷˣֻ˳ģ׼ȥˡ
ִ²鰸ˣǵһεǴСѾ׼˱ƣִ͹⡣
ҶЦЦͷӦˡ
ҲǴ峤ĸɲǸùϵҲ칫йһᣬŴִһʲôϵʹǹ£йϵͺð¡¼ҪϼĹϵʵϼҲҪ¼ùϵͨԣͳԷֻҪûʲôʲôɣ滹Ҫġ
޴ңſվһˣǸӣ洺繪ǰӵҶʩ
޴ϽǰܣԭӾȻǻҴڵ̩൱糤Ҷ鰸ʱģû֪ͨҲ֪ôõϢϵ
żˣȴǱ
˫֮ߣ޴ļլԺܴ󣬷᲻٣ѾʹӣӼҾܺáͷǱһ
Ҷ޴£ãѾһɽ亣ζҶȻλ޴㣬ס
޴λ˵ϱǸһǼҲᣬ츣ذգ£ı
ԭλǸӦǮıְλְλָ˸ĲԴ
ٱλ죬һλͣүߵִ磬ΪǻҴ巢ǲģ࣬ԵƧ飬ΪҪǲĿչ˺磬ǻҴɾûˣ죬Ҫ˭羴ϡڵľ͸ÿ
£ҶƣҶһԼ
һЩ˸Ͻķ׷׸ҶƣҲҶһǺ˵˲ٷеĻҶ߲ܣǻؾЩܳ˵ִΪ׺ͣӡ
˵ĸĸ٣˿ҶϣȻһַˡҶȴܣ˵ֻǸλһʣѿûйϵЩ˸Ǹж֮£Ҷֵ
䣬ϲҶ˵عԱһЩȤţԼһЩԱЩ˷ǳ硣Ҷ˺ܲð˵ĸ˵ʱ򣬱㳶˻⣬԰ڡ
ۿλѾ⣬Ҷ˵ɫҪ̣ȴ˵ڻȥҲˣ簲ЪϢһٻȥѾźס
ҶаţĵЦЦҲáǾ߶Ÿλˡ
޴һϲֽžƣͬʱ˽˴ļСϱơ˵ŴܽŮ֮Ҫ壬Ŵﵽ˱̬ĳ̶ȣƳȴûôĽȻûִţȴôнԱȽϵũ塣⼸Сϱϱɼһߡ
Ůӽ֮޴⣬վЦǺǵܺðôŮˣǾλǣúԾƣ
˵䣬Ѿʹ˼齣°λҶߣ޴ţһһģֱߡ
Ҷ۾˿⼸÷˵ֻɫӹ֬׷ۣҲ˳ۣرǴõɽҰζǱζ
ߵһŨҹȴֻһбſļͷƵʱ򣬴ӿ󴦱¶˰ѩ׵ķ飬ֱ۾ұǸȴߴһŮȴʵʵģԵ÷ǳľȣߣҶһЩֲ˼
ЩŮַĸҶƣÿξƣǱĸ첲ǰѴһ㺹Ͽ˵һЩ黰׼ۣǵһ˶ЦȻǸߵĺߵŮ֮⣬ƵʱûбҲûüֻۣǽߵضžƱ֪˵ʲô
ۿҹˣҶҲѾ߰˷ֵ⣬ɢˡ
޴ùܼҰȥЪϢ˵һЩҶ˵ȵ֮޴ҶĶߣ⼸Ůӣ翴һС㣬ҪȻǶ磬Σ
Ҷбһ˫ۿһЦ˼мпڵģɲ¥輧ðɣ
޴һҶĻû˵ʱģϵģ⼸ŮӣģСѾźˡûκ⣡
ҶͷǸСˡ
޴ЦˣԭҶϲɬһŮϽĴӦˣԵſڵǼŮӵգ
ߴŮˣվҶǵǰͷ
޴ЪϢҪ
䡰Ҫ˵ζǳƺѾȵõ˽ˡͷҲͣסҶĸ첲
ҶɫԵһѲס֫óսһܵ㿪ͣסˡ
Ҷ˵һߣţ޴ǰ·Ǽ帾ǰʱҶĽͼʵı顣
ŸҶסķ䣬Ȼ޴ԼԣԼŲطĵطסȥˡſڣĿǽȥ֮޴˵úЪϢ԰ѷϡ
ܺźĵ̺ĵطһŴ󴲣ҲǵźͮͮʡмһԲһյһմƺͼ̲ȡȻǸĽĿԤġ
ҲϵľƲˣСʣ磬𣿡
ȲˡŹϡ
ߵűߣЩְźá֮󣬲Ҷһֱߵ¡յҷ̴ϴ
ˣϴˣϴȥѵˣ
սԵһһۣͷƺʲô
ҶһôԸ⣿
ոϽҡͷߺò԰ˣϽȥ˵صߡ
ɣҵĺñҶһѱųգЦŹ˴ϣʡ
ʱһС޴һ˫ۣ¶΢Цת뿪ˡ
ڴϣҶſſԼϵĳգһãгգ
šſҶûжΪֻһҶʲôֻһҶİڲ
ǼжˣҶʡ
˸յᣬЩףλͽĴ磬ôԼļˡ
𣿡
ûյЩɬ
ż𣿡
û
ôƯôûżң
̫ˡ
ŶҶĺ󱳣˵ʵ޴һǼҶǮ


49 ƺ
սһȴû˵
Ҷϵͬʱ͸Źذ㲻£ǽ˵ĻҲκˡ𣿡
յͷҲ֪޴Ҹ˵ġҸ׾˵ˣҸ޴һ޴İţҪǲ׻ҵġ
ҶԼţһ⣬ʣ޴ˣô
šԥһ£˵ܺð
ô÷
ղ˵ˡ
ҶһᣬûзӦֵҵǾãǴǸܲˣΪ˺飬ҺȨ԰ɣ
ֻǼ򵥵һ
ǴĴСϱ϶вٸҪã԰ɣ
һΣû˵ȻҶУܻشֻгĬ
ҶûеȵϣĴ𰸣ȴûие⣬ʳ֪⣺ǸϣƽʱΪô
ͦõİյĻЩԲԡ
ɷڼңûеıˣ
ֲ˵ˡ
ҶûʣѾһô졣һȾƣȥѾƺõһ¾ƣÿӣǾȡ
մӦˣ´ڣ˾ƺһ¾ƲˣȴϵľƱҪ´ȥãȴҶһסˣˣǾԡ˵գƺ˺һڣóҲԼı׼һڡ
ֻհ졣
ҶСʱ飬ôĵʲôϺشţͬʱͣظչơ
ֻһĿģǾóվƺԡ
һƺܿȥһ룬Ҳӿʼɬ滰Ҳ˵ͣˡҶ֪ǾƾãڸоȣĺһŻ𡣳ҲǣȻѾú٣ǻǺȡ
ʱֺһھƣͬʱҪ˵Ǻˣ
Ҷȵòˣָһ⣬͵ߣһͲˡΪûеƹ⣬඼еʵֻܿһӰҶЩȸ˵ģ׼һĻ۵ϡ
հѽһҶҲоԣϽ⣬ҶûУžһֻɾȥԡ
ոоҶ̲סְһȴûжһЩ
ҶоյǳĽۣһŻ˵ĿɰµĸѪҺʼڡ
գһİٺϣҡҷţСϡҶ֪Ѿˡ
˿ĺʱˡӾƺ˴ͷϣһӱס˳գ˴ϡ
һֻ˳Сè䣬Ļǳļ١
ҶգôЩˣû۸㣿
ţ룬ǲҡҶĻԳЦ˵ǰڴ˵ЦѾװѾнſˡ
ΪʲôҶʡ
ƽʱҶһѼģ˵ЦңͳˣԺҲû˸Ҷҵͷ
Ƕ㣬Ҫȥ˰ɣ
ţȻģŹѸǸղԱǸŮģӺɩӣЩ˾ȥ
ô֪㿴ˣ
ȻˣȥյʱǻڵݵЦ˴򣬻أ
ǣ
ǰʱڴɹϺö˵ġ
ǿЦİɡ
Ҷ̫Ļ㼱֤ǿЦŹѸԶ˽ͨԶץڴ˴ץˣö˿ģҲˡ
ҶаңҿԼۼ⣬ɧŮ˲ǣԶ֮ѡ˳գҪȻ򲻿ȱڵҲˣ˵һɧ
ս˵ҲΪ˽֣ͨ˴ȥҪһͷţ⳥£ɩӸ󻰣˽ͨ㱻
Ŷô
Ȼˣ֪ɩӵ˭𣿡
˭
ĸ磡
ղһԾƵǸ
ǰϱ˽ͨǴĴ󻧽ĵ֪ܵ󣬸˵ˡ˰ѽɩץԼѹڴνʾڣȻڴڴ򣬴ȥġ˵棬ּҪŵûɩȴ£˵ҸҴ˽ͨҪҴŮ˽ͨô㣿˵ֻŻǣ˽Ǵ飬ǲɵġŰ˷ˡ
ҶһȻһǴ˭˽ͨ
Ҳ֪û˵ͱȥˡ˵ȥûм죬Ϊ±֪ûˣϵˡǽ漴ҲҲˣʬڽ֣ˡ˾ĲףŸ״ץѱûġ
õҪҶͷϲ׼˳ϣû뵽֪˶ˡˣ̾˿룬ʵʲôʱ飿
ŹѸӵ飬ȥһˣɩӵ飬Ǹոշãһǰɣǵúոչ꼸졣
Ҷ޴˵Ǵû˷绯鷢ôų˺ü鰡
պˣҲˣľŹѸӣһȣֻҵ˵ĺôԼ˰ˡ
ҶаЦƻǺöǰûл˵ڿʲô˵ˡֹȥס֫պܹϲӵļ١
Ҷ̵ʵܶ˿һȴеŮ潣Ǹϣһ꾫Ϻظ䱳ֻ¾͸˽ͨأ
ţյͷѿڵ޴͸岻
Ŷ㿴ˣ
ûпͯϵĹ˵ġ
ô˵ģ
ϱץ֮󣬴ﶼڴ˽ͨͯϵĶײˣɱ⺢ӣֻǲ֪˽ͨ˭ͯϵС˽˵Ϊʲôô˵˵ǰһϣڴԾƻ쵽ҵʱ·߷㣬㿴һ˴ϼҺȻ˴ڣˡ
Ǹˣ
ûУΪеԶ̫ϳˣһƥԣ˵ؽ𣬴ġܸߴ󣬱ȱصҪ߳ܶ࣬һ۾ϳǳĹ󣬶ҳſܺʹԶﶼʹԳû˭


50 
ţ˵Ҷ
յʱͯϵСӺ֣µһ㣬ص֮ڴ濴㿴͵͵شӸղ˳ĵطȻˡʱͻϸ˽
Ϊʲôˣϱץˣôû˵
ʱûпǲƾһƥô˵
𣿡
ȻˣǮƵġ˵صĴٶأ
ŶǵСġ
ʵĶˣҶƾҲˣ㱧ų˵˯ɣ
շø죬ҶûнһĶֻ˯ˡҲˣּ̿䣬Ҳ˯ȥ
ڶҶչɵԼ˯һ˵ģ̲סչȥһǡ
һ£ȴѳŪˡſʵ˫ۣҶƬ̣ͻȻŷӦһͷȥԼӣ¿㶼ö˶˵ϣٿҶҲǴ·ģֲһԼӣûʲôЩҶ
Ҷ΢΢һЦСˣˣ̫ƨˣҪһ
մߣϽһµȵ̫࣬޾δѣЩҡΣվڴԼ¿㡣
ҶҲ·ųգˣԺʲô飬Եҡ
ȻˣǶôһŵķȴǷǳ˽ģϲصͷɬһЦųȥˡ
Ҷϴ֮󣬸޴Ǹȥ˸ûϹΣùΣղҲˡ
ŴͷǻصŵʱѾʱ֣ɢˡҶǩѺǸˣô
Ҷ̾˿ҡҡͷûв鵽ʲô
ǡô죿ոսӵ֪ͨ˵縮õ˾ξ¹˽ҪȡӵأһҪ󰸷ô죿
ݸŵ˾ξǸйģƷ£ȷܵһȻϵǴϼȡİеģܲÿš
Ҷ̾һô죿Ҫǹ˾ʱٴηӾûʲô֤ˣֻзһ·
ˣ˵ɣǣǰһǿһ۵㣡ɫѿ
Ҷ˷Ŀһۣ˳ȥ
ɢˣ캣ҶȥԷ˵˵˳ţ¥ǵС̡
С̵ȻǳĳſųĶȺ򡣿Ҷˣ¥ҪкҶڰʾⲻãֱ߽Ȼ洺ӭǡ
ΪҶǻ᳣Ѿڳһ䣬ΪֻҶǵġ
Ҷ캣֮캣˼ȣȻ⣬Ҳϲԡ
˲֮ҶҲû캣ô飬֪캣Լ˵ġ
Ȼ캣ضҶϣ¥ĳ÷㣬˵顣磬㲻ŶŮӣߵúܣҿǻؽżһ棬ҲѣɶǣȻ㣬ɷ˰
˵գóһµĺŷ⣬ݸҶ
νҲǺƵġҶӹСдţƽɻ÷ס
ƽƴ輧סĴʣΪƳһƽ¥Ƽڣɻڸ輧Լĳƺ
Ҷŷ⣬ȡ黨㣬е㣬ʼдʫ
ɴʩۣ
ͽۡ
һС֣дסַ
СӣдԹʫЩҶﵽмָжû˿ֳޱ̧ͷ캣˵ô𣿡
Ҷ޶ԣ캣̾û˵ֻ˵תһ£˵ݾ¥Ծƣ͹⡣磬㵽ʩչʲô󷨣Ծư
ҶЦЦûлش𣬵Ҫ˵ľ£
أ˳÷һŮ㣬磬޸ǳ
ٷƨ˭
һˣŮᣡ˵磬ö㣬㻹˵޸ã
ãҶЩˣ÷ûоȣΪ÷Ѿ˵ˣ֮ͻģˣǣɾľˣϸϸ룬ԼԽƳɴûиôŮԼʲôأ
캣ָյ㡣˵ȥ鰸ȥˣܻ˵㡭
䣬ˣҶЦִ£иŮᣬ˵Ҫ㡣
˵ܲ٣ܲٵҶ캣һۣҶɣ
Ƭ̣һŮϱһСҲʮ˾꣬üɨˮ壬Ȼſɮ£ڸǲסȵΡֻϧûһͷ㷢ŮͷҲܾȱǰòŮᣬҶоźҪŮǧ˿òԲݵһŮʫޡ
ҶЩ֣Լôô崿һСˣʫǶĵøȣޣ
ҶƺҪԼԴͷ˦ʶվʦ
Ҷô캣ƺʲôϽҶ磬ҡҶʹéʱȽϾãȻϲˣȳԣõҡ˵ţҶۣЦȥˡ
Ҷ㳯캣ԭȵָָɣ
ŮȴûƺʮƶǡʸǶʫʤݵһĲִ𣿡
ҶЦЦң£ǳ˵Ķˣ°ɣվţҲֻվţ۰
ǳһ£㹪ʩϵҶƶǷʦ֮ǰʩæġ
ŶǳҰæǺǣ˵գʲô飿
ȡº󱳵İڼϣ򿪣һͭǮǵʮǮǶҪˣʦٳлʩʮǮ
Ƕʮᣬ൱ʮԪҲ㲻ˣֻǲ֪ʲô£
Ҷûʣ΢Ц
ѹģǶŲʣҪӾԣ˭̳֮λʦʦĴӡ
ҶǶɵģ
ǡ
Ƕж˰
׼ҵӣһٶʮˡ
治١ʦʦ֮λҪҰʲôæҿɲ书ٺ٣
ҲЦЦЦݺʦ书ߵģֻǱʦġǣʦ˵ĺҪһѧ书ʫʡ
ʫʣǳ˻Ҫʫ


51 
Ҷ˵úܰ׳գʫкܶ඼ǳкܶ˿ڵʫƪôͲʫˣƳʱȻѾ˺ĸдʫ˴Ƶķ档ʫΪеķУɱְλʫˡ
ǵʫʣʦҪģԡʱλ֪ĺ壬λʦΪУöʤߡ
ҶǲȥУǻִסˣе֪֮ɣ˼֪壬Լ
ǽŵʦ书ȻȲʤȯʫʺ˵ǿʦ֡رԣֻʫ·ʦϣʩһ֮
ô
ʩӦˣʱʦаš
Ҷ룬˼ʫԼҲûиɹմԽʱ򣬾ͰŶСѾͷɹһΡٰ˼ҶãһʮǮǺܻģԼȱǮ
ҶʣʲôʱУ
ʮ󣬲ʩҪǰȥʦźðšʱƶӵġ
ͷҪڴӦһתֵǶɵ书ɣ
ǿѣʲôġ
Ǻǣͦǫ顣Ҷ΢ЦСǵĺ촽ʦ֮λɲǿЦģǮ˵ʵ˵㡣
һ죬ǮƲ࣬Ҫʩ٣
Ҷڰ֣˵ꡣҲ֪ǳǮףɣҲһСæҾʹӦ顣
ʩ˵
æʵܼ򵥡
Ҷյ͸һĶߣԼҪ˵ˡ
ǵͷסƶ
Ǿͺá
Ҳ˵ˡ
ҶϵǮ°ãԼߣ˵ϲˡ
캣ʵûȥéǰÿ¥⴮뿪صüҶ磬ôϷ𣿡
ҶЦɫ˼ǳˣЦ
캣ЦЦҲ˵ʲô飬ȥߴٸϽϲˡ
˺ܿˣ˳Թصš
ҶһСϻͭǮŻԼסϢһᣬõưˡǩѺͯ˵˵ˣڻ¡ֱȥ
Ҷ˻ŵĻǽӴңҲŵСͻңܴм齣齡ϷűĻˮ
λߵǸԱߣһ齺ͼķıҶ֪ӦԼλáûصǩѺſڵţլܿ
һᣬŵةξȫʢе½ˣߡҶ΢Цͷֻеξܿŵعʩ񣺡ִ£˵鰸ȥˣˣ
ҶӦõġ
ֺļ䣬ξʱˣȥſӭӸõĹ˾
ξߺûãˣۣŷǩѺſڣƼҶǿһĨЦݡҶ֪ΪǼӷأﻹ˼Ц
ʣ˾ûУ
ûУξſӭȥˡةڻŵġ
룬֪ͨˣһȥӭӣ
˵ֻһλƷµ˾ԼǴƷϣ߳٣ҪȥӭӣβͬϵǸǲһ⡣
ִϵһ۵㣬ߣҪ׷εģԣܲÿš
ҶϽȥ֪ͨةǼϵš
ŵĵڶţŵİ칫ʰĴãԼ췿ȡŵһǲģֻ䡢ӭϹٵʱŴ򿪡˾ϻϹ٣ǲҪӭӵģǣȴѾˣϹٵӭӡͬʱԴһӹԱӭӡǣݴʷˣҲˡɼжļӡ
ǵ˺ð죬ڣݸŵĹˣʮǰ󿪵ųǺܴġ
ſڵĵξϽǰ԰˳վһ׼
ӳһӣעĿģǸʴĶӣѹ۳ŵԲĹĵģĴƤһ۵ξû׼Լ֣ŽŵǣŴӣ˹أ
Źӭء
˾üƺԿûеſӭЩŶӣŵ̨סŵξй˾Լִµȼ
ţϣѾ˲ԶվŵĿˣûмӿ첽ӣͥŲһǰߡ
żӭ˹ֵ˾һ·࣡
˾󹰹֣ǻˣҲ˵ߡ
úϤ֪ĵطֱ˻Ҳȿţ̴̵λֻ¡ҲˡҶ͹˾Ǹִ˷ֱͷļ齺档ȻǸ̷ľа참λá
˾ɨһۣҲӣӷܷǳѾʷʷˣǳ𾪣˵ôƾ޾ݵľͰһڸˣУһ֧˵ʮ㣬ֻ̫˰ɣ
һ䣬˵ɫ
ôţƺģԭдʷĻʱ䣬˶ͷһͶ˵ֱǴңñǲһĽ¶ԡ
Ǽ˵һͷ
˾һֽ˵ϰǵЩĸٵģҪǵԼĺһ۰ЩˣͲô룬һƲˣһңһڴ˾صڸˣϰջẮĵģλȵһ仰ˮɸۡϰվˮǾۣ㣬ڹĶϰˮ߸ǳ͢۰ذǵûĽ𣿾ͲΪ͢Ϊʥֻǵϰյˣ
Խ˵Խ󻰣ϸߵģѸ˵һͷ亹ȴֲҶ졣Ҷ˾ӣԭ֤ݣûġ
˾һ˫ۣҶһۣʱֵǱ˪Ǻˣ˵ķݣ
ҶҶ²
һ֣˾ڵʱɢһЦ⣬ͷԭִ°˵˾ǳ㣬˵ɺܾͨǣ֮ǰѾᣬ˽𣿡


52 
˾źǳҶΪҪ£û뵽Ҷ̬֮תˣʱͷһϲ˾Ƽˣ˾Ҳ׵æ͵ӷִ֮°Ҹӣ֪顣
š˾ͷҶȻ˵˵ɣôûˣ
ϾҶ˾Ƽˣ˵˾ϵɮ濴棬˾Ȼҵ˵Ҳܿ
Ҷӣϸȫڣԭһ󶨰ʱ֤ǳֵġĿ֤ˣзʬڰ֤֤ݶûġ
Ҷ˵Ƴ֤ݱ׼ִ֤Ҫһ̰ӣǲġǣƳѾǷǳˡ
˾ţ˵ĵҲ
ҶӹĻͷȻʱ֤ݺ֣ܳоû⡣Ҳ̸ϴΪ˭Ҳ벻Щ˻ȫ˵ˣڣҲġֻҪǾͲǴɣ
˾û˵һҲû˼ֻ˵ҪأС˾תͷ𣿡
ǵġҶĻù˾̬ȷ˺ܴı仯һҶ˵Ǵù˾ͬˣÿзǳĸм
˾ܷѶһΣҪûȥʷӷ
˾Ѵʷ̧ˣ˵֡æõġתͷԸξ׼á
˾ֵˣֱӰѷᵽʾˡ
ֻհ졣
˵οʱ˾ȻҶõĸʲôġĿһе˾ȻҶһСС죬Ϲٿһߣ˾ҶȴдֻǼ򵥻ش˼䡣
ǹ˾֪ҶĹ˼ɣԺܿת˻⣬˵˾˵˾ƽ֮һϵܼݣ˾ĺ鸣ԺѰӣҲˡ˵˾참ǳע֤ݣŰĿڹְ참̬ȣǴҪúѧϰġ
ô˵ԼûвͬڿǰһѵĿ˵ЩҶܲȻԼ˵ģҶȴûлӦ䡣
ڣϱѺ˻صļڵϡ
˾¶ãһŮ֮ҲõŴļ𣿡
ϽԸϵļȡ¡ԵúܳԾ˾
˾Եϣ㲻Ҫ£Ƿİӵģİɵܶ࣬Щ֤˶ˣǻǱеġԣѶ㣬̡ҪʵشͯϵĶӣǲɱģ
˶˾ô˵֤ݲ㣬ôһ˵ϻǾ˹ˡ
ȻſͷүԩİûɱǺӣ񸾵ֶƽʱ۰ˣôɱأǱеİ
ŭ󵨡
˵仰˾ֹˣ˵꣡ҪĻ
ֻñ죬˵õģӦõڣڿ˵ӵĹ˾ȴˡǴĴʷҸ档
µϲ˵˵ζӺã˵εĺã˵ڴǶôظ˹ûɱǺӣҲ֪ô£㱻ץǱ㱻ộȥֻϡ˵ţóԼ˫֣ù˾ǿ̵ָ׵øһܲƵġ
ⷬߣǹ˾ͷͣ̾Ϣƺǳͬ顣
˵꣬˾תͷ˿ִ£𣿡
ˡ
ãѺ
ϻѺ֮󣬹˾ֱͻشΣ˵׼ٸ̣Ҳܴ
ϱ֮󣬹˾ùǷݿڹſˣڣǸңӻܶ𣿡
ǲɵģȻҶǣ˾Ҳͷתִ£أ
ҶҸѾûڹ֤֤ݣΨһķʬ밸شìܣԣ֤ݣӲܶӦͷš
˾¶һ˿΢Цִ²˾еˣȻɷǳľͨˣõİӣǴɡͻȥȥˡ˵Ҷָǣȴˣ£ֶӣﳤȥ
˴ͷɥһֱſڣԶȥŻص˻
ξӲǷǰҲڲ̣ȻҪҪѶһΣ
ЩԥҶ
Ҷ̾һ̻ȡ﹩ӻҪϱҪʹº̲ҪʵġЩɲƿصģʱҪٷô죿֤Ѿȫشì޷ųҲ˵ⰸӳ˰ĹѾû֤ݡİӱȥõ׼ġŭݸҪǸʱ򣬵׷ֻ¾͸ˡȶԣԼУݸ˵ҲͲ׷⡣
ִıԶǣúξ¶һĨ΢Цӿ»ֻˡ˵գ
ةһξе¡ξֹ˾ĹٶǸä˵ˡȻӶҶ˼ҿǱ˾Ƽġŵͷ
̾һҲֻˡϷˡ

Ҫɢõʱ򡣻¼ŵҶЦǺǵִ£ҪǿõĵصѾˡҲѾǩˡȥɣ
ҶϲŻ¼˹Ѿ׼飬ܰͽ͵ҶǰҶǩֻѺ˹
ҶʣǮ
ż׽֮ǰˡ
˵ԼдʱǮӦⲻ
¼棬ҶʣЩҲҪصǱߣ°ɣ
¼ЦˣִҪĶ˭ҸģһⶼûС
ҶǿɶлˣôһæҸôлأ
磬ǲԼ˵Щʲô¼ЦǺҿ˿ûˣŵ˾ʹˣЩӾҪˡҸ˶ʮ¼£ĺˣ뻻طȥɸɡҪǴ緽ĻڿǰСԼ䣬Ǿָл
õĹ൱ڷί˾ǷίΡһʵȨķȱÿ궼ˮȸֵḶ́Щ̵Ľɹġ


53 ޽
Ҷͷû⣬λᣬ˵˲á
̫ˣ˵ãǾû˵ˡȻıˣ죬㲻ɣҲûйϵġٺ١˵ţ¼¸ˡ
ԼĵأھҪĥ޷ӣʼ޷ҪǮԼŮĶҲʮ˹ᣬǮֻ޲ʲôķӡ
ҪľǮ
ʲôһǮҶĥţǿأһٽֵģΧǽˡҪǲΧǽһ⣬Ǯһ뵽ľ캣취
ɢˣһ캣ûҶȥԷΪѾ֪ҶҪȥ÷Լᡣû뵽Ҷȴˡ˵һȥԷ캣ϲӦȥԼҶ˵˷ȥ캣Щ֣÷Լȥ棬϶ҪһԷôҶȴҪ˷ȥأ˳캣Ҫȥݾ¥ҶȴȥǿضһС¥ԡ캣⣬Ҷǲᷴġ
С¥˿Ͳ٣¥ϿֵУ¥¡캣֮ҶָŽֶһΧǽΧĿյأ˵֪˭𣿡
õİ׼Ժõģ˵ֲˣ׼ұҪ׼ģǹֲԼԾʹͷ
ѾءҶ΢Ц
캣ϲӣģб£Ūء
Ҷҽѡط۲һءٽһƬ̳ȥ㿴Σ
캣ĸģúܴŵϺŵġֻƳʱ˵ĵλߣ׻Ǯŵ캣һ̻ҳȻǶܶˡ˵ȻģΪʲô޽֮Լ⣿αҪˣԼɱȳҪ׬Ǯöడ
ҶҲ֪ûǮôĶ޽ôٽֻ̣ҪǮɲһ㡣Ҫҵ˽ǮͺˡϢҲа
캣ȷҪһǮҵֻûôǮҰұ˰졣ʶһЩרŸ޷ӵİԵǮ޷ӣȷ޺ˣ׬ǮٻǣҪϢġһƬһ˵ǮĻֻû˭һóôǮԶüֿ޽
ҶһϲƳȻѾ˵޽ˡҪ൱ڴдˡʵϢ𣿡
֡
Ҳǰٷ֮ʮϢǱȽϸߵˣ൱ִдࡣҶЩԥʣ޽ķô㣿
ɹĳɱ㡣ǶپǶ١ΪѾȡ˵ϢǲгǮģʱԼ۸вá
˵޽ʲô棬ǳɱ޽ǰͷҲֻԵʵ󣬲ͷӯһִ޽һҶһҪ޽ȡϢ޽ҲͲˡ˵ϢҪһЩ
Ҷֵã޳֮׬Ǯ𣿡
Ȼ׬Ǯ˿ܶ࣬ıذ
ƣҪòܻЩϢ
˵ҪԼĻ׬ǮһЩҲɣҪǳˣ׬Ǯ٣ȫֻҪʮˡ
Ҷ룬а졣ǩԼ˾Ͷ
ã齻Һˡ
ԹҶ캣ֿ֮Ҷûֱȥҳ÷ȵһƵ̣һС̳ӼƷմƣЩģ˶Ŷ椼ҡ
Ŷ椼ǳĸˣʮֵԼĹ뷿ˣҶĺǽţϽ¶ʲôҪԼݺ٣Ǹ
ìܣŶѾתץסĸ첲忿ϡ
Ҷŵŵ椣ðɡ
ôãŶ椶ŵĪƤ
ƤҶſڽ࣬ҡûӦʲô
ôûӦ֣˵˵ġ
֣ҶڷӦˣЦ˵ǰʫ鰡
ȻΪأŶĹĵ
ҡΪٺ٣ΪҪҳҹأҸոճԵñˣʵڳԲˡ
Ŷ椺һһתΰõһҾҹ
ǻˣֲߣҲǱ֤˱Ȼõһ
ţǾ͵ڶˣҪ֮ǵһ
Ҷ룬ԼɶǧŵʫƪôҲ䵽ɣЦӦû⡣Ŀأ
֪أŶѹҾҪ㣬ʫٹҪ縳ʫˣʱͷ˻͵͵ĿģŮֻϧǰȻ֪Ŀû˰ңӮǣ֪ҲûáˣҾͲˡ
Ҷû⣬֪Ŀ͸ңϸдǡ
ţ̫ˣŶ椱ĸ첲˷ܵŤӣҪȥ㣬ˣô֪Ҫ㰡
ҡŴӦ鰡Թʡ˳㿴үүڼ𣿡
ڼңءȥ
˵գŶ椴˷ţȵҶ֣үүŴķ䡣
Ŵ⣬æк£͵һ̳ӾƣȻǼƷմƣǸˣЦû׺Ҷæ˹һߣ˼䣬öŶȥõĹ̡
£Ŵ´ҶҶЩëڨЦôˣϡ
˼ҵͼլԺ㣬ȻҪ
֪ˣ
Ȼ鴫졣
˵ʲôˣҶʵ
Ȼ˵С΢ջ¸Ժķˡ
ҶɿӦõģǸ𰸼ģҪˡ
Ŵζ֪˾ǰºӡ˾˵ǳֱģмæֻһˮѣȻˮڴſţѺҲæ顣ٺ٣
ҶԴ˺ǲмһˮȻҪҪһƽҿ᲻ſڡо仰˵úãŮ࣬Ϊۻ
һƶӣŮԳ۵Ļش𣺡㵱ʲôˣʮҲˣٽˣǧҵˣ򲻹ܽˣʮ򲻹ܽǲˡڹԱԻ¸棬ЧҲࡣ
ҶŻƶӣŴڽС΢ǶԵģҪ뷢ƣ͵վȽŸ˲˵Щˣʲô𣿡
Ҳûʲô£·˳㿴㡣
ˣһף֪£˵աɶ£
ûʲôֻϴθֽŵ飬Щû˵Ű£ֶһЩʣֽһ
ţ֪ʲô


54 ׽׽˫
Ҷǿִ£϶Ҫ¸ֹϵ˴򽻵˵ĳص٣Ҫ취õһŵصĻٷҲǵظǲϸȻǹ٣ǲ֪еǳֻ½˶֪ٳüʮ꣬϶ָƣ֪ܲ˵˵
Ҷʲôٷ֮˵Ȼڡ¥ΡϺͿĹ¡ȻС˵϶Ҳǹٳһͨ
ȻҶôһ˵ŴΪͣܺãԶǱнǣ뵽һ㣬򵥰Ҿ͸ˡ
ҶæȰѾϣǱߺȱġ
ԶԣȾƣ
ǺŴü׼Сˣ˱߳Աġ˵ŵ飬ŶҲԼطȥˣʣ
Ŵϼ޻֪ϢҪԣҲֻ˵һЩϵĶҲ˵͸Ҷʵˣĳ£ֲ˵˵ʱҶ˴ҪĿģ飬׼Ҫˣǲ֪ĵϸȴ̽һ£ҲиȨס
ҶŴѾ˼־⣬һڣֵһᣬֻǿϻһЩǮˡ̼֣û˿ֻϻǮ´㣬ЩǮĹʵƲġµмԺ˵
Ҷ֪ҪӶŴͳֵǮϣһ̳ӾԶԶģѾõ֪ϢѾɹ
Ҷǹҳ÷ɫ뿪˶żҡ
ճ÷дĵַ˳÷լԺҪᶫԳ÷˵ԼӦþõ
濴լԺ󣬵Ǻܾ£ŷǸӣͨȥ÷ܿˣϲ̵ģˣ
ˣ
ˣˣ÷Եú˷ܡ
ϲϲҶ˵Ż߽Ժӣţģ
ģɣ
Ҷһ÷Ǯֻ²СĿΪǺĸ輧¥ҡǮǳ˴Ǯܷ֡һϺլԺֻҪһǮλ÷׬˲Ǯ
ҶլԺƯð䡣
÷Լϲüңĸ첲ѾҲ֪Ȥ˳ȥ˷š÷Ͷһ˽Ļ
˼ӵ˴һ֮˵
ҶԺô죬÷˵زپҵˣڵǮѾһӡԲΪƷ
Ҷȥǳ÷ȴ˵ҪûرҪ죬һҶҲûʲôҪ飬Ӧˡ
ҶһֱΪ÷Ȼָʹɫ¸ģһ˵Ǹˡǣһҹ࣬˵ڶҶ뿪÷ҲûᵽˣûҶæκ顣ҶЩ⣬ѵ÷ǶԼһģ
Ҷһ㣬ãʱûеɡȻû˵ԼҲʣװŲ֪
캣ºڶͷҶֱǩ˵޽̻סլķڻϢԼ
Щٽֵ̺סլ޳ʲôӣҶУ캣ıͬʱοЩͷ
סլҶȷҪ󣬷޽һԼլԺٽһ棬һڲ˵صһͷǼסΪũסԼլԺԸ޵̫ΪûôǮһл
֮󣬱Կˣί캣ȫȨ๤Լ
ԭΪͷϣͽˣ벻磬˴ȥ˵Ǽʷ̸顣
Ƴʱھʷ̨רżٹٵġ൱ڵļͼίͷ̰֡ʷ̨ÿִΣɳʷѲأֲţǡЩʷƷߣֻƷ¡ǣǵȨܴ󣬿ֱʵ۵ְĹԱԣЩС٣˵ˣǴʷҲСЦ
ʷһǳҪְȨǾҲǶԩٴ׷عԱΡԣ˵ǼʷŵһԴëľȥˡһֱɢòŻң겻ᡣ
Ҷûô£ڵȴǸƯŮϢ
Ϣϴˡ
ʱҶס¿顣ͻȻǰһѾһˡҶ̧ȥòŮǣ
ǴһɫĽҹ£ͷҲúڽˣҶҶҵǸˣոѾˣСˣǻҴ壡ʦڸţ㡣
Ҷϲ̫ˣԵȣ
Ҷ첽լ˵˽ͨشչ˸˽֮ͨˣǷԴǰץ
һüıʷһҶ⻰ʱһɨü˵ò㵸׶ٳЩȻϲɫȴڳæҶ˵ִ£㸺˰زˮʯһ˷׽ù鰸֤һҪʵٲ©

ҶҪľǿȨ仰֪ӹϵǰ;ˣԿԻᶦ֧֡
õȫȨȨҶĴ෿ֵҹǴͷҶԸżٴһֵҹԼȥ鰸ͷϽ˲׼ƥҴ塣
˴ڣڰһˣҲǸŮᣬѾˡԻǵʦãǾǸС˵գָָԶ
ǵǸ˶೤ʱˣ
ոյ˩ˡŵСѾסˣǱ߲ݴ
ͷ˵ʲôҶ
Ҷȥ޴סҪĵģ̫Ķ
ãͷ֪ʱҶ޴ʲôҲûжʣ첽ˡ
ܿ죬޴ˣмĴ󻧣޴ҳԾ˵˵ִˣһǴͷصǲʲô춯־ǲ졣ԼҶҲ˵ֻǹ֡
ҶûлһӣʾǸԼߣǸ͵ĺŮŮͷèС֡
ʱһ´µŮӺӼٵĴϢӻ˵ţҵСĸΣܿˡúúøѹѹ
ɣūңôôɣūҶˡ
һⲻǴոշŻϺ޴˲ɵôһҶ
Ҷ΢΢һЦԴͷȥץסԹŮ
ͷ˿ѾҶʲôˣڳ˹ȥһӰŮסˣŲʵ㣡


55 ָ
Ůŵ۴У·ߣǱţá
ҶԴͷ˽
С⣬Ǽŵӵŵ˽ӣƹҫ£˵ϱŵŮϣ
ҶЦɫ޴˽ͨҪûȥģֻڹ巢飬˵Լ˽ͨļԼĴð취ǲǰ
޴ͼһʱû˵
Ҷ֪ǵʲô£ɹ涨˸ͽ꣡УѾٵˣŴ̰ɣ
һҶô˵ˣ޴ʱ׳мǰѹý侮ʯ𣬽еչأӦνʾڣͽٸ
ƽغˣȻûбֱѹȴҲǿߵģҶ˵֮󣬿϶ȱǿɾϣˣһӱ˾ţνν֣
޴˽һΣ˽ͨץУһִԴץģܸܿɱֶǣִºǰ̲˾̨Ӳֻڽӡִ˼ҪǿԼ̬ȵʱ򣬸úã˵Լϣˡ
Ǻ޴ȥݺݸ˼ţҪĹŮǻҴ廹ʲô棿ˣԹŮν֣
ļʹе˳廨
ղˣ˿̲ŷӦִ£̧̧֣һһرĶ¡
лߣٺ٣ô˿˭ܰ㣿
Ҫ˵Ѿ޴ץϵ㣬Ըν֣
Ҷϳ׻̾˿ʲôһ£á
޴˲֪Ҷʲôһʱ֪ô졣·ŮԼĺϣֻ¶۰ʹȡ벻Ҷչе棬м
ҶŮķӦ⣬ֵʦ̫γƺ
ƶ͡ǻǵʦ㡣
Ҷͷʦ̫
һ⻰ϸǸмĵҶһֵۣͷؿ
ʹˣߣʹѾɿܽһ·ĽµҪĸ˽ͨ׽סˣν˰
һʱ䣬Ƿ׷׳ƣ۷׷סܶѾ˯µĴˣ˵飬ǺЦ쳣˷ܡ
ʹѾȥͭ࣬õɽ졣Χ۵˶ŵѵģյúȻӣŽѾؼȴһסˣпͷıǱд񲻸ģҪȥǱԱߵĻһƿˡΧ۵Ĵ߲˼ģҪģϵĶ͵ȴûǣܿ㱻˸ĿŵСܵҲ˺üţʹòͣ
ڴתһȦ֮ҶԸ˴ϼңЩϷŪϴ
ҶԸͰŵϴңȹٰڳģ޴Ǽ֤
Ѿ·϶Ҷ˸м¿ͷҭŵлүūλү䡣
ھͿԱֶ֪ģֻҪʵ̹ɱֶ飬Ƕҵıˡ
Ͻһͷû˵
ҶЦǲײĲᣡãҸ㿴óϴѲʱҵǺͷϵǰЩˮֵģ㽫ֶʬʱ򣬱ˮ嵽İɣ
ϿһۣɫҰܡ
Ҷǰ̨Ĺȡúһ£ûʲô֡
㿪ʼܿ죬һǸ̨ҵҶϴηֵǶ͵Ҷǰ
һСָǣ
ҶȥϿ
Ǹָ͵ǰһʱɫ䣬һ̱ڵϡ
ҶЦӦþֶָǣ㽫ʬ֮󣬱׼¯ʬ𼣵ģ֣ʬյŰʬóȥӡָǣʬʱµģֶġбҪһٴοʬȶһ£һˣ⣬һߵǻ﷢һһصĵݣ̸ָǵ¯ʣµĲҽһµ㻹Ʊ磿
ֹ̧
Ҷ֪㻹Ĵ룬ϣϴ㣬԰ɣһβһˣ˽ͨҪͽҲʵɱֶĶЩָǡͷǣ֤ڳֶʬʵţʹֶΣͯǽգʹƷǰ֤ԡһΣҿ˭ܰ㣿µ㻹𣿡
촽ҵĶţ˽ͨץһνʾڣоҶָһ߲˱ֱӵ衣٣жҶĸмԼıҲ޷ٱһߣڱˡ
ϹڵϣŵС
ҶѾӳ֪һԼ˽ͨļҪνʾڡ֮޴ǰʲôԼνʾڣҪǵ˼άγһֶǵƣͬʱڹʵһ˸ϵĹգӮĸмԱԸйɴϲƻɹµ˵ɣء
һԵ̷Ѿ˼¼׼
˵˺ܶǮҪҸáһʱͿʹӦˡϲҰ£ҵڼײÿǶӺСݵ챻ͯײˣҺܺͯϰ˵ȥ죬ûΪû˵û뵽ҹֶ棬ȻЦ˵Ҹһ˹ƨɱŲŻˣ˭˵ģ˵Ǹո˵˵ģſˣҪȥĺ˵ҡŻˣʲôû룬סĲӣˡ


56 
˵Ͽ޵úģΣŽ˵ĲǹҪģֻ̫ˣ˶ǻġҷ֮Żˣһȥ˵顣ҲȥҸϽȥʬ崦ˡô˵õӰʬгɿ飬¯յң˵Ҫ¶ǧܳ˽ͨ飬Ȼ۵ˡұץˣ滹취ǮϵҳҪҲȥˣûа취ˡҾˣ벻ʬôղãͯӡҵ͸ϽѻϨˣ˯֪ڶҲӣһʡ֮ǰʬ崦ˡұʬ鶼ڱ¨ˮϴ˵档ڶÿҾȥʬ黹·ˡ
Ҷʵûи˵ôģ
Ҷ֪˵ǰ˵ԼξˣԱϸмظһ𡣹Ȼϵͷղ˵ˣ˵ݸŵӷܻõĵȫʢξ˺صһȻЩ֤ˣͯϣ˵ǣҪǸ֤ԡҲ˺ܶǮرͯϣ˺ܶǮ˵ǸǼҵ⳥в˵ҪǲĿڣԺ鷳Щ˶Ŀˡ
šһҶѾ뵽ˣǸʵǰѲ˵ʬҪϺüӲĹͷΪʲôûоͻڣ
ϵͷСӣǲ˵ֻġ
ҶһţԼǱˣôȥ˼Ϊʲô˵ûڣ֤Ҳȴûʹѵӣ
ҶǰѿͷСأ
ʬǵʱһˡ
ӵˣ
Ҷܺ˵ӵǿɾ鷳ˡҿ˵һˡ
ȥң
Ƿǳؼ֤ݣҶôͷϣųܿЩǰϷŪνֵȺֱ˴⣬ϵָ£ȻһȡһСӣӵпѾ˺üڡаɫѪۡ
ҶԸ˴޴ңȡָǡӵ֤ı¼ü֤޴Ǽڱ¼ϻѺ֤
ҶԸϴȥѺͬʱԸͯϴˡ
ͯԵú˷ܣҶϹ£ûҶʣϲ˵үǰû˵ʵǿϸ˽ͨװ׵ĿһˣұӰֻûп壬Һ˵ץ˽֤ͨ쿴ĵȷǰЩ죬һǮ˵Ҹ֤ԣҪȻԺҺÿҺˣĿˡ˵˻ѻԲүүԭ£
˵գ˿ͷ
ӣͯϷǳеϣϳɱԼӵ֣һֱžǱԼײ˼ϸɵģڣϺΪ˽ͨﱻץĹ˼Ҳͷˣж׷ķߺ֮վϷ硣ǣһҶʵ˵˳
Ҷͷ˵ʵҺܸˣлҪı֤Եϸ˵һ顣
ͯϰ龭˵ˣȥл߸һǮ˹ٸ
ţҶ˰ǸĿʬֳ֤ûлٹ֤˿Ѿץٸڲ飬Ҫǲ˵ֻ»ԼǮԼı֤ʵľҲлߵǮ˳
ҶŷԸ
˸öҪˡѺ˽Ҷס˱ӣΪ϶Ǳõʺ򣬻ƳγεĳšҶϽԸ棬óϴ֮Ŵ˻ڵϡ
Ҷʣ㻹кλ˵
ң鱻ץһôĿƱҲûа취ͷ
Ҷ㣬еҪ֤˰˵ĸ׶Ʒ֤ԣҾ֪϶˸ˣϾȳӦþϵļҹ֤ݲ㣬Ӧͷϡ֪СǣСǾͻȥǣܰĻǰ̨ǣ˶ϼҸţȻȵ˼ˣץһУ˵ʵҺ⣬벻㡣
ЩҶ˵İ١ʵѾӳ֪Ҵһ˽ͨɩ˵ģ⸾˸ҴĴ󻧽˽ͨץˣвҪɩӱ㵱ڱ˵вԳˡֻǲ֪Ǹ˭Ҷܿ컳ɵ˾ϡֻλҲᣬµĹϵܲȫĲ͹ϵ쵽ԣҶʵöǸòŮǰˣֱϼҸ٣һץסҶûô˵ΪϢڳգ¸С鷳
ͷɥһʱͿִ£͸̧֣ˡ
һʱͿҶЦɣ㻨Ǯл߹Աձ֤Ʒ֤ʣɱʬ¡ʮﷸɲһʱͿŶ
һ£ִ⻰ʲô˼
ʲô˼ٺ٣ϡͯϡǸĿʬֳֹĴ񣬶Ѿʵ˵лǸı֤ʵ飬óлߵǮϽˣ˵㻹ݸùлߡѵƱ粻ɣ
Ҷ֮ûֱӵлߵĶӷܡȫʢΪ֪ˮжûи֮ǰðٳ飬СΪϡɲΪʲô壬ԼȥûųɣСûˡ
ͷƬ̣˵˽ͨҳϣ˵лߣҲϣ
елﴦҲͽ꣬˽ֻͨǸһ꣬ɵﲢõǴһﴦԭҲ˵ģһ𴦷Ҳִй̷ܺ´ֻѡصһԾڳֵ֤ǰԼлҲһѡǣĵǰлߵĶӷܡξǣܻ߿д̣͸ӷܡξĲٹεġڵ˵ϣӷܡξܳ汣
̬ȣҶѾֿǵˣҲûָгȰ˽ͨľϸ˵
ץУѾ޴ӵҲһһʮض˵ˡ˽ͨ飬һŲϡ
ҶһתͻȻʵɩӺͻҴĽôģ
鲻Խһ£ͷҲ֪˵ʲô
㲻֪һ¡ɩӸҴĽ˽ͨץס֮㱾ҪڷǳɩҴĳ˽ͨвǷˡǹ˼죬ȺĪˡôģǲɱڣ


57 
ˣѿڵǣɩԼϵģǽԼӶʺɱģûйϵ
£ʺӣ
Ҷ֪Ҵһʺӣݽ֧ӴӴﵽ뽭ڣʮ˵ǽʬڽҵġʺӡҲӦû˿ȥҶظо˵ɱڵĵط
ո˵ͷˣĿڵ˵ˣǽԼġ
ҶЦʲôû˵˵˰
ȷЩˣ˽ͨץ֮һͨν֣ʺ򣬰ѵԴݺһ㡣ԼлͨԱ¶ǻңһ˵©졣ͷҶʲôһԲˡ
ҶԸȥ޴˽ʵǻҴʺӣûһжµĵط
аڳݷʺӣ·ĵط
ȥ￴һ·𣿡
ã޴ҲûжΪʲôôҪȥ
ҶŴͷм޴ߡһС·ͨΪ᫣û˼Ҿס쵽ʱ򣬲ſһƽĵطһӹµ·ߡ߹Ƕӣǰû˼ˣȫС·һֱӱߡ
˺ӱߵʱѾڸ߳ˮɶߵĵطˡǰչһ£˾ͷͻȻضϿͺһͷӥͻȻһӴжϵһ㣬¾͵һֽж¡
⴦Ѿչ˽ӽĵĵطҪǴȥֱںмˡҪɱˣ⵹Ǹõط
Ҷŵ¶ϲ鿴һ£ûзʲôܿҲûκ˼ҡüȥ
޴˲֪ҹתһȦֻȥʲôҲöʣָֻߡ
С·Ǽ˼ʱҶվסˣ޴ˣȥţǽȥֱˮȡϢһ¡
޴Ҫ˵ϢҶȴѾһȥˡϽǰŽеɣţ飡
ҲдɣûʲôֵģΪƳгƺΪмɣƺŮΪмĳִ֮ġ
źܿ쿪ˡһ˳һۣϳ޴æ޴𣿡
ŵȻ£λүߵִ£鰸ġղĵû
ûа˯ˣʲôˣ
ﻹһξ룬Ҳ޴Ҷ֪ò˵Ǽ顣
ҶǴ˽ͨץˡ
ǵȤرĿȱĹŴɫȻǸ˷ܣǰҿϾͲǸöɷڼң͵סŹ֣ô
ҶĻţΪġ·ЪЪţֿˮȣ𣿡
ˣ滹мɸ˵𣿸Ͻİӭͬʱкźдˡ
ˮɵ޶Ůʮ꣬Ҳ߰꣬һӵˣŵĴ죬Щţ޴վɵЦ
Ҷк¡Ѿ޶˵ϸ˽ͨץ顣޶Ҳ˾񣬲ͣظ޴ϸڡ޴Ҷû˵ҲҶ˵ֻ˵Ͻˮ
Ǵϸϸڣģ㿪ʼҲ˴򿪻ϻӣ漴ʼ˵ԼֲǣҶȤ˵øˡ˵޴һǳĿһԺʲôɽһȭһͷţƽҪˣλɽ֡ģûʮ¸˴
Ҷ޴ҳԾƣ߾͸һĿΰĴ󺺣ƾкɽˡ
νǽƣ˵ץˣЩȻͲʲô˼ɣǰĲͳͳй˳˵˲ŴֺɽɵĻ¡
ˮѾպˣҶһ߶ˮһʵô
ɿЦָָªӣôģ궼Բһ⡣
ǲǿӱô㣿
㣿ɿԱߵ޴һۣҽ˰
ҲҪ˰ҶҲ޴һۣûм⣬Ϊġʣղ˵۸ˣû۸㣿
ûУ˼ңֻм麵Ҳûɫûʲô۵ġ
Ŵһ£ûУǹŮˣҾͼǹŮüΣǾǼſڣ㲻Ҳŵð
Ҷһæʣ죿
ǸոչһϣˣһΪҪǹŮأ
ô֪ǣ
Ǻɽɤһ֪ɵ˵Ѿ˯ˣԶԶ˼ˣžɽɤ˵ߡŻˣΪǼûбˣǰǶ£û·ǰģ඼ҼҵġǸϽһʱ֪ôźáҿûֱͣӾ͹ȥˡ
õҪϢҶһϲʣɽǿб𣿡
ȥŵˡҿǼҵġ
ҲЦǰûгȥǹȥˣ֪ǼҵģҲͷˡ
Ҳ𣿡
ǰֻһ·϶Ҫġ
Ŷûģ
ܿ죡ӦûһٷĹ򡣡
ﵽأҲһٷĹ򣬿ûڶͣáҶʣȥʲô֪𣿡
ҡͷֻҪǼңҾллˣĹȥʲô
мŲ
ɸ˻һ£˵˲࣬ƾĸɡ
ȷ𣿡
ӦûΪǵסڿС·ߣ˾úġ
һ죬𣿡
ɳһ£˵ʮˣ
Ϊʲôô϶
Ϊ¶ʮһڽҵ˽ʬ塣ǰ˵ɩ˽ͨץˡǳץνʾء֪ôְ˸ˡŹ˼죬ˡ˵ġ˻ȥŸ״ȥˣûнΪţԼǵñȽ׼
Ҷȹһˮл֮󣬸ǳߡ޴˼ͷǰߣҲҶʡ
ص޴ſڣ㿴ſڹſޡҲ֪ʲôˣҶ޴
޴Ͻȥһۣʲô


58 ץ
Ϊ׵һϸҪ˵ͻȻһۿ󱻴ӵŵĳҶ¶ϲɫƹ޴ҶǰһƵ㡭õִ£
Ҷæǰ˼ңǡ
һԵ޴Ͻ˵ִ£ǽ
ĸ˵Ҷʱݺᣬһ¹򵹣ԱߵŮŮҲŹ򵹡
ĸһѱһߣִ°ҪΪҽҶӽòףȴû˴ǰ֪ɱǧɵģҪǲܸҿĶ֮飬Ŀ
Ҷæĸ첲˼ҿлú˵
ĸҶĸ첲߽޴Ժӡ
Ϊ˺ܶ࣬޴ԸֻнϱС檲˿Խ˶š
£Ҷ˼ңô£˵
ĸΪ̫һֱ޹ͣǲϱ˵ˣϱҲͽԭϡȻҲڿޣȴûӰ˵үԭҵĹϵԣҪʲôǶԹԵȥɩǸɧ꣬ˣͲסˣҲү࣬ʹ˺ֶθ˻ꡣ֪ˣүν֣ϴȥġҪȥſҲûã֪ǺӸ˵ʲôˣû͹١صңпˣеأ˵ͳҽΡǾȥˡһȥҲûлأ
ϿҶȱޣء
ֹͣĿ
Ҷʣȥû˸棿
Уʽһˡ
ǽүôǲ֪
˵ˣ·ϵʱһôڵ·ϣʽ³ȥȥˣǴܳ˷˰ľŰѴῪүһ˵ȴûлǱ̽ͷȥһүˡʼʱǻΪүڼȥ·߷ȥˣһҲûмżˣĴѰңΧұҲûҵŸϽĴѰң˵죬ڽҵʬ塭
˵ֿһԵС檵ǻ򶨣Ž˵ǻүǱץߵģȥŸ״˿֮˵ûзıɱļǰ֮˵үǳ±ץסֺ±͵Ծˡүɲ벻ˣ͵ʳҲûôΪأ˵ˣҵүʬǰһ죬˵ɩӣԼҲϵˣǾ͸ˣɧ͵Ҳͷһ⣬ôϵأ²ıɱİɣû֤ݡ
˵ǽĸѾһ㾢ˣҶֿŵִ°ҶӽԲɱҶӣ̫˽ˣǰѿûɱôҪأңҪΪʲô·룿ΪʲôҪȥأﵽʮ·أҪô˿ϵƫƫȥôԶĽأ԰ҶӲɱǱıɱģŲᣬûа취˵ڰץˣģҾ㣬һҲҶӲһ飬ΪҶԩ𰡡
ҶͷģȻѾˣ永鶼ҪˮʯӡҪӣҪϡǵĻҪʵش𡣡
úã˶æĵͷӦıʾл
Ҷүʧٵĵط
ոճ岻ԶŲ·
Ҷ۾һ¾ڻҴݷĵطص˵©˵Ľӵĵطһ£ʱҲø˵ĴֺɽʱǺϣ
ܿǱɳĴֺɽ·Ͻٳ֣Ѻɱӵ𼣣
ץɽͻ
ҶԽĸӵʬ
Ǵص
ãҿҪʬͬ𣿡
УֻҪΪץסɱҶӵ֣ʲôӦ
ǺãȻȥֵӡ
һ⻰ĸǺǻϲҲҵҶ޿л뿪ˡ
ҶѴͷǽноץȻ޴ɵ׳쿴أģ»ǵʦͰæأŴ޴ͷ죬ʮ׳뿪˻Ҵ壬ǰڵس塣
һֱҶߣΪҹ£ڽͷּ˵ҲûעΪҶİ֡
ǰ·ϣҶԻǵһпҪ֣ܰ𣿡
ãֻǼ򵥵˵һ֣ܵȻƺѹûаϡ
гҶҲзˡ
˴ڣռȶĵǱ˴ҹɫլԺ⡣
լԺǺլȻҹɫҲƻֺ룬ſڵʯʨӶһ˶ߣǳΰ
ҶԶ޴ſڣǰţҴĽšźܿˣһŷ̽ͷЩȣܿڶûʲôʣ޴𣿡
޴õģŵˣ죡ҵ˴ˣСѾȥˣҲˣҸϽȥæأ
ŷһȻ֪Ҹҵìܣ֪ŻҴȥˣϢŲɣϽĽȥܿ죬һδ󺺴߰˸ҶĻɽǳׯӣǣ塣
յڣͻȻǰĺɽʧǰ㣬ǰˤʹҲ׷ʧǰˤȴԭǴͷָӲ˰Ϥ
ţͷ˴еŲ죡ˣ׼һԾŲ죬ʮ׳ԸһסӰ
ԸɽǴͷֲĲ죬ǣѾס˺ɽͿ챻ɽУҽŵɳȥѪ硣ͷֳֳֵһ޵ĺɽת֮伤սʮغϣˡ
ҶۿͷԣҪԱߵĻǳ֡Ѿһֱɴ̶ȥ
һĴ󣬻һȣУ
ɽһֱн֡
ɽ˼Żǣɵģ
㻹е۹⣬£
ɽͻȻһ֣ɵǣҶ


59 
벻˽ƻһгɳķȴһ©Ҷظ
ҶϰĴһһ̧ţһлƹǷɵ·
вãȴҶʱ㿪Ȼƺѿȴܹãŷġ۽ѾɽڰӴܣһִᣬкɽ˫ȣҽˤڲݴ
һȥ̽ץס˺ɽŻڵϡͷסĴֵָˡ
Ҷǰû°ɣ
û£ҿգҿӷӦҪȻͲˡ
΢΢һЦǰղŵĶӦûѧ书ķӦȴһֲ࣬ǹ¡
Ҷа룬ҿдԽ죬ʹԼӦǿ˺ܶࡣ书治Ҫ㣬ֻ½鷳ˡ
쿴˵Ĳ죬ȻأΣѾ˽ҩŷģԸѺɽ˴ӣһƧ֣ѺɽһϣʼѶ
ҶǷץģ㾹Ȼܲ㣬ѾҪˣΪѾ˸صУǾǹɱˣ
ɽһɲҪſڴƻƣɱ˭ˣ
ҶڻҴ·ľס˵·Ȼýʹǰľʱ򣬽ٳ˽ʺӶɱȻʺӼװӣ˵ûɣ
ɽһɫ㣬ô֤ݣ
֤ݣ˵Ļ֪㲻֤ݰ
үǰүôˣ
ǵүѾץˣйô֪ɱ飿Լй̱ƹԼѡ񣡡
ɽҶ˵ϸɾ鲻ͣתˣǻ᲻ڶթǣҪûйô֪ôϸ
ɽӣҶٴθĿڲһߵһ飬֪ܲǾӣϣҴǸɱֶķ˽ͨѾץڻҴνأѯеʱѾָʹɱɩڵ˵ˣҪڵģϵ˽飡ûɣʵУһڹֻǿ̬ȣ㵽˵ǲ˵һ㣬Ҫǲ˵ұ㶯ˣ
ɽҶ˵ص飬ΪѾȫйֿѾûʲôô¾ˣˣ
ɽ龭˵ˣҶĴһɩӸ˽֮ͨ󣬽νֵ򣬻׼ɩ˵֪˽ͨ飬ĸСжӵ˽ͨӸġȼǻصͺãǰȴǸ࣬ɺɽǸණӵĲӣʬׯȴ˵Ǹ˽ˡ
ţԴźɽһС˽СƽӵģڻҴ⣬ľ·ķӣȻٳһֱʺӱߵĶ£ָʹ£ɽһƿ˽Ĳǽʬ˶µʺαװɱ
ǸСƽӣθȥ˽ϵС֮һѾץסڹѺ޴
֮Сƽӡɽ齫ɩӽеһշɩӣαװϵ
֮ҶѺźɽ»صׯ԰пķţݣҪסլѲ顣
ҶѾӶŴֻ֪ǿⷢǻǮġֻҪ漰߲㣬㲻Ҷֵõ˿ȫȨȨ˰ŸסլѲ顣
һʱ䣬ʱңڴͷЩѼҵ飬о飬լԺ˼һ޴ļ֤£ݺɽ˵Ǹʬĵطڳ˸ʬ壡
Ҷøʬ죬ʬ岱۶ϣ򣬸ɽ˵ɱ˷Ǻϣ
æڣѾˡ
ҶִɩӽпʬΪʱ䲻ǺĶģʬ󲿷ûиáʬ忱飬Ȼ߲Բͬϵγɵ˺۵ۣжȻװϵġ
£ʬü֤滭Ѻ֤
ҶѺźɽص˻Ҵ塣ץļҶ̲ûзֲɱҲûв£Աͷˡ
صҴ壬ҶûֱȥҪԽпʬõ֤ݡ
ĸ׵ѾӦ˿ԿʬҲζʽˣϲֱ
ʬ飬߹ȻҲǾ۵µͬʱҶҪ£ʬ˽ʣߵķβǳûзִɳĺˮˮ֮Ķ֤ͬˮģҲȷ¼ڰ
ǰûнйʬ÷ǳ棬־ҶĽǳ˵λִ·ǳרҵʬ취˾η
ϣҶŴ˻ص޴סլ
޴˵ҪԷҶ˵ȰԣԸȰǸССƽѺѶ
СƽӺ̣Ѿŵˣ˿ֱ󣬱ӵѾˣ˿ϡϡʪһƬҶһʣһһʮȫ˵ˡ
СƽӽϹɼ֮󣬾һС˽жӵҴ˽ͨÿҹԶţ˽֮ͨءӲ֪ôĸ˽ˣһˡ
кɽһȥҴ壬ǵ˴ڣúɽȥ̽ɽȥ֮󲻾ûˣ˵ˣҲ֪ʲôˣǺɽϿô·ϣȻ·ߡһ˿ʼ̧Ǻɽܿץһſ˽ͨүɩӱץסνֵǸѺŽʺӶϣԽȭߣȻŪɽһ˽ĲӣȻʬӽʺӡ£Żˣʲô˵
֮ȥɩӽеһӣֻɽ飬ʼɩӵĲӣɩҽУɽϽţű˽һᣬſˣɩѾںϡ
Ҷд󶨣ɱ˵飬ڳĿ֤֤֤Ͽʬ֤˵Ǻϣⰸӿ˵ǰ϶ˡвѾǺҪȻƳ֤Ҫ󣬱˱ҪйܶһҶģΪԽѶƹġ֤ȷ£ɡ
ǣԸ


60 ؼ
һΣûԸɽȰڳ֤ݣҼ򵥵һ仰ָʹɽɱ˽ˣڣ㣬лǲУ
Ҷô˵ΪڶԼͬʱϣ˱һҧԩ
ҶҲ˵Դͷһ֣̣
ǱˮһٰӣţˮѹĽףͲȣʹȥʵڿסɿڵҡˡ
ʱҶȻѾ˯ˡһҹû˯̫ˡҪ֤ݶѾõй֮Բ֤öԷйʹÿ̱ƹΪɱ˵ĺݶļһܿͷһɣǱڿ̿Ѿ˯ˡ
ͷϽСĵؽ磬СԸйˡ
ţ
֮ûҶʣ㿪ʼ˵ģҵ֪ɩӸҴ˽ͨ󣬷ǳߣƿڴ˵Ǽҵˣú벻ɽ˽ˣĵȥѽɱˡ֮Ҳ֪ϸ龭һ١˵ˡҲԣ飬ûҵʧְҽϳ͡
˵͵ۿҶֻЦЩëסˡ
Ҷô˵ûвɱȫǺɽɵģ
ǡӲͷƤش
û˵ʵ̣ҶҲø˵ֶԴͷ
Ǻֱ̿Ĳҽٴ𡣵˿ûӰҶ˯⣬ܿϺ˯
֪˶ãһˣһȻǸ۵Ĵóգһߴվࡣ
Ҷ־ϲգô
޴үġүȲ裡
ŶллҶӹ˲һڣеζζȴġ
յղŲͷү˵˵ԸʵйˡΪү˯㣬ûҴš
ţҶ⣬ͷվſڣ˴
ոϽرܵԱߵ᷿
Ͻˣ˫ŽѾˮѹø߸ʹöͷ亹ͣʹš
ҶԾ˵գס˵ʵƤܿࡣ
Сһʵй
ţɱľɽСƽ˵໥Ǻϣ֤˵ʵ
˵꣬Ҷʵ𣿡
ǡ
ûΥ飿
ֵҶ֪˶
ҶҶ㻹кܶΥû˵Ҳ㣬Լ˵Ҫǲ˵Ҿ̾˵
ĬҶðȥ̣Ͻ˵˵
ǣ˵帾˽ͨ飬˵вֶǿȱ˰Ѻ飬թһЩߵĴ󻧵顣Ҷв̵£˵ŹԱлߵ顣
ҶһԸ޹ص˶ȥ¼ȥˣԼ԰ѹлߵ鵥һݱ¼Ҷϸѯлߵʱ䣬ܻˣл߽еȵȡĹлߵˣݸŵķ٣˾ξ¹˽ԼõξȫʢˣͨлߣƽһЩǣ鷳¡
лдñ¼ǩֻѺ֮ݱ¼պãղ˵Щ飬ſɲҪ˵ˣҪȻֻ̳ϲ˾͵ñڣ𣿡
֪ڽӣϵһҲһգҶ˵ûҪЩ֪Լлߵ飬ֻͻɱڡµͷӦ
ҶѴͷ͸¼нֽʣЩû𣿡
ɥ˵ûˡ
Ҷ㻹ǲеġһӣôͷȥ
ҶҲˣ޴ЦǲȳԷҶԸȳԷټ
Ҷ޴ãֻһСԲ漸µСˡΪҪæ޴û㣬ֻóҶߣơ
ΪҪ죬ҶûкȾƣֻǳ˷ֽѶ
ûöã˵Ըйʱ˫Ž׶ѾˮѹˣʹȥģԭͷйûҶ⣬ԼѶûеλһμӴȣֱӷ˫šвһλִ⣬ʹࡣ
ǺˣһΣڽָʾɽɱණӣԼԼɩӵ龭˵ڣɽСƽ˵ܹ໥Ǻϡ
ˣȫƣ
ҶԸسǡ޴֪ҶйҲ𣬻нˡһֱ͵˴ڡ
ҶѺżصʱѾʱ֡
ԶԶţǶҶƶȻȥʦŴ֮ǰգ
һ£һе¸˵ҶԸǰߣ
뿪Ҷܷһ£
Ŷʲô£
Ǳξңҵʲͬʱ١
û⣡ǵͷӦ
ҶֵǾͶлˣϢΣһҪŵùȥǧ©
ȥ죬ʦǻȥǡ
̫ˣ£ҷģ
ȻһЦһ΢ֺΣͷҲ¸˵
ҶȻ¶̬ǺÿЩˣĻ˵ɣ
ûɬɿһۣӻСӣݸҶš
ʲô
һǶɵṦ͸㡣ҿǰǷڵʱ򣬶ǳĿݣʺ׹Ը
Ƕɵ书̫ðɣ
ֻŵĹɵ׼ҵӶģʦˣѧ׹ҲûʲôġԱȽϼ򵥣Ըһ㽭Ѿûˡûи֣ѧ书˵ؼʱ԰
⵹ǣ»Ĩͣܲó
˵ڶ̬ŨˣڶǡһķⱾԼɱŪˣҲ˿
ڹķС˵еģĪԼԽС˵ҶЩԺ
ǵ㡭һҪкôģס𡭡
ҶʵѧЩϾѾˣٻͷѧЩ첲Ⱥɵʲô书ֻ²ˡòŮһ⣬Ҳþܾġ±˹вΪȻȴϣãһú
Ǻڵͷɬ⼸ԼҪʲôģ͵ҡҸ˵
õģҼסˡ
и飬һᾡ̽ġ


61 
˵գ˴׷˴ӣ֮󣬻ŸҶʩ𣬴ʦʦˡ
Ҷǻصţռ֤࣬͵֤ҴšȻű¼ǩѺߣ׼·ϣ㱻˽סˣͷһȴǵξ
ξ洺˵ҹǰȥץȥˣʲôӰ
Ҷֵ˽ͨǸӡѾ˽ͨϺͼץ񣡡
ξɫ΢䣬ϵ˽ͨ
Ѿ˽֪Ǹ̰ģҲ֪а飬ҶҲǰ˽ͨʱ򣬱޴˵ץ񣬲ǵԼѺνʾڡ
ξŶһƬ̣ŻعƵһԼץúãװ崿Ƕƭˣȴԭô
ϲҶ΢Цкݶ
ݶִ⻰˵
ûɱֶѾ壬˽ͨͯϵˣǲŷģ֤ѾȡҲѾϲ䣬⣬ɱɩӡлҴĽԼĸС˶ӡ֤ݶѾȡ
ξɫѿۼҶҪߣϽסˣֵܣûʱ䶼ģ
ҶƺˣԺЦȴһΪѵӵżȥء
˶õģߣһֵܼһء
ǣֻܵһᣬżż
Уҵֵ̫ġߡ
ҶǩѺҶξѷŹϣҶ£ԼҲڼ棬Ǵݽǵһȡһ𣬷Ҷǰֵܣ㿴Σ
ҶһۣСҲȭͷСоһ£ģǴģܺð
Ȼֵϲ͸ֵˣ
Ҷ֪ҪԼлߣ̰٣ǲͬ۵ģѾ򶨡ңξǸʮЦ滢Ц滢Լ棬ǷǳΣյģΪǿ֮԰лⷽĿڹҪ㹻֤֮ȭǣ֮ǰܴݾߣܸ˺
£Ҷϲֵ̿ν޹»ҲҪ
ԼֵܣЩʲôֵţһûʲôĺأòϡ
ٺ٣лξ⣬˵仰ξɲҪǲŷģԣҿɲҪԵѡֲŷڼҲ֪ôԣξĺˣʵǲյġ
ξһ£벻ҶȻóһдʣһʱ֪λظ
ҶЦξʲô龡ܷԸǶˣûбҪЩ
ξһʱҲʵż֪Ҷô˵ּһĳ⣬ڨڨǺã˵ˣ漰ٳصҪı˴˿ɾ鷳ˣȻҲңԣٺ٣ֵܣϵĿڹܸܲҿ˽˽⣬ӵûаշȥ
ҶаЦѾԤϵξô˵Ҳ֪ξʵ뿴ʲôϽֵ̿ؽб¼˹ȥû⣬ξĿ
ξӹ¼濴ϵĿڹһɨģ򿴵÷ǳϸһһֵڿͷϣ亹
ҶȻףڿǷ˵лߵ顣һֵĿڹѾ棬ξȻҲ
ξ֮󣬺Եһƺ־ԼЩʧ̬ˣæЦ̫ˣ˵ԭȵİûаǶһˣң㻹˳˺ô󰸳ؿ˴ˣţһߵӣ񼫣Ȼɱˣһ˽ͨôģ
ҶǰҲܻɣǲǲʲôл֮ıֶıȡְλأ
˵ξɫѾˡ
Ҷŵֻǣôѯʣ˵Ҷ˴̣Ҳû˿찡ǵģɱôлﷴϳأǸ㲻
˵գҶͣҡͷһ⡣
һ̿Ҳû˵лߵ飬ξҪ˷ܵñϾڹٳܿˣƵʵҲûʲôֵģйҪôǲ۱ˣҪôѹû飬ûе飬йȻ̶ܿûйӦû飬޴й
ҶȻ򣬵ͷԭˣǵξḻһµľͿ࣬éٿ
ˣξź΢ЦȻ̿ûʳ飬ֵþͲҪˣֵܰ²
ԶԣҶһé®Ļ̿лξѣǵȻұ㲻ᡣ
ţξ΢Цͷȥɣÿõˡ޽լԺ飬ҵϣԲֵʧġ
лҶſڹֱ˿ǩѺ
£ǵİ̾Ҷɴϲһվ顭ô
ҶĿڹɱֶİӣ֤ݶҵˣû̱㹩ϲ䣡˽ͨļҲҵˣȻСϾȻٺ٣
һ￵İ칫ڷռʷѾ̸ʾ˴ؾ˼ֻ֪ǿʼŻһѶʣŻǵԼܲͦһأʵ˵һ춼ء
Ҷ˵Ҫȥץ˽ͨ飬ȻǸˣȻܸɱֶİûйϵǣֻҪץס˽ͨУҲһĽ̫ףץϻһġڣȻɱֶѾϵⲻһҹĹ򣬱㷢ô飬Ŀɿڴ־ϲ֣׺Ӷʣô£˵˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦԱߵ£ľһһʮĶ˵ˡȻлߵ飬û˵һֶûᡣ֮ٳֻ֣˲ˣԼȵˡ
üɫ裬ùڹ֤ʣɿؿһ飬ʱһѾЦ˻̫ˣֵܣ˴ˣҪú㣡
ˣֻǾְѣ̸ʲôͣҪҲһССĳɼĻҲǿָжȵĽҪֻǿǣżأ


62 Ů
Ҷļ򣬵˾Ƽңôһλܸɵİ֣ҵĸߣʰԽ᰸ϱˡһΣӦòٷ˰ɣ
Ҷ룬ӷл࣬ӷЩ˵϶ǰͲԻͣذѰϱԲӡƣ֮ǰкӹġ
չأ̷ִı¼ȻΪ֤ʹãҪõģҪоģоȻִҶȲ˵ġ
е÷ǳ˳Ϻ˶ǹУɽСƽҲʵϣд󶨣ҶдʣдɱֶϽ̣дͺɽ̣ӷСƽǧԸйݸŸˡ
֮󣬿ãźҶúܲ㣬û°
ûʲô顣Ҷ΢Ц
ţǺã׾СˣգΣ
ҶѾŴ˵λΪ˽ײ˽ģ벻Լ͡ǸˣæֵõġҿɾпڸˡϷ˵һǳġ
ţаɣǾ˵ˣ
ɢõʱҶȳһЩֵܲܿŰɡǵֲ̣֪ʲô֪Щʲôˣ˭˭ĶáǣҶֻصţҸʡӭ˻¼¡¼·ǳȵӭ˹ִֵ£
ҶҲֵ¼£ã㣬иʡҶѻ¼һߣȥҳԷҲ֪ҶЩʲôˣ
¼Ҷ⣬ԻشñȽϸֻԭˣһСүʮһˡϲȾƣǾ󣬷ϲУСүȻҽ̺ϣ⺢ӷǳĵƤرϲǹŪġϲŵĲýĹ򡣺ٺ٣
Ҷһתһ⣬ֵлȻԷʱ򣬳򵽻ᣬҾ͸˵˵顣
¼´ϲһأлֵܣ
˵໥æ£
¼ֵ͵ľƣòҪˣϲȵľơϼںݣһĺþƽ滨־ûģһƿȥ͸һϲġ
Ҷ룬ʲôһƿһСӾ׼˿İãǰ׼µģҲֹһƿ̫ðɣĶ
ˣող˵ÿģֵôͿˣˣȥһͷϽ˸͵Σ
ǿɾͶлˣ
˷ֿ֮ҶȥһҸߵ̣һƥУȻصסȻ¼°Ѿ
óǸӷǱʲôڹûпڹֻ²һʱͻѧģЧҲ̫ԣṦѧá
ʼʵһ׶ɵĲҪ㿪ʼҪΪԼûģĿģȻСֺСүļ˵ĹϵˣǿɱʲôҪ
һײʵǱȽϷӵģҶӷ˰쾢Ҳֻ˿ͷһСΣӦùˡʱϸĽŲ߹ˡߵſһֻԶҪڻʫһСӣϸ
ҶЩ죬ôôԶԼĽŲҪǴԽǰܵģԽԼĶҲõԵǿ
¼¾ȻԼŮָŮܵõԼĺøС֪ŮȻò绨ԼѾؿıʣһƻ泤ˣԼѾ죬Ȥȥҧһڣ
Ҷؼźã鷿һʫҡͷԵ
һᣬſ˻ʫǰһĻ磬ҸҸͶˡ
Ҷŷ鱾˳عֵлͷϺˡ
ʫްǽз£ȴûż뿪Ҷֹ
Ҷƹﻹʲô𣿡
ʫ޺Сùh⣬Խҡ
ҶȴĻ˼ƹҪȥҪ档Ҫûʲô飬Ǿذɡ
Ҫ˵ϴλʫ޸ҶԼĹʱҶûʫ޻˵ԼһΣҶѵ״̬£ȻǶ⻰ǣ˵ԸǵĹƺԼˡ
ʫԭߺɷһƬҧź촽΢΢Ĳ磬ǰСòԣСϵĵǸҲһֱڰָıԼֻϣ
ɽ׸ıƣҶĳһһ²ѣѵһ¡Ҳ⼸ڸı䣬ǣշ
ܣ磡
ܲܣûйϵҶĵĮϲô˵ôûκεĹϵԣƹȫûбҪΪҸıʲôҲܲ𡣺ˣҪˣ
˵գҶҲȻ滨СƥӣϵСӡһ˹ͭأվĻʫޡ
ʫȹնͷżվ
Ҷȴ͸ģùͭţҲſڣȥ
ſڣŷѾõкϵͷģ˽ȥ
ҶͷѾһΣլµѾֱãѾȥԵȣѾȥ
ܿ죬ˣķ˺ͺӡ
ķҲʮ겻ӣ΢΢Щ屣úܺãһ˿ƶûСĶӣҶȴһ˹һץס֣书𣿡
ǳ񣡡Ȯӣп׾ֱˡ
ҶæʩŶԿһ㡣أ
СһûлشҶʻǰڿ˼ʽǺãǱԱԣ˵գûҶӦһȭҶСȥȻǿӵȷ̿
Ҷʩչոѧ
÷ǳƯﻹģȻûаңһۣȭټϷȣҶӯܿˣ½Ƕû
׼סӵģǼҶ֪˲Ѷ˵
סˣŴҶӹԼϲУɷϲļƣϲ¶ϲ΢Ц˿һۡ
Ҳˣź΢΢ͷҲ¶΢Ц


63 Ҳᷳ
ۿҶ˶ֿʼһĽҶȻѧĿʼһС֣ҪӦһӣѾǴ´ˡǺۿγУ򲻵
ڣֹͣ˽ϲṦãңң
Ҷ˫ֱ磬ԣ̬ȣȴҪѧӣҪñ˽书Ҫڡ
һ͸Ͻ˫ֱȭʩ񣺡Ṧɺã
Ҷͷ⻹ࡣҪԷˣԺп˵
ﻹûгأһᣬȽҰɣҶ
ǳ۰ӣʧһӵʱ䣡Ĳ˳úܿģ
ððҰɣ
΢Цתȥ׼ȥˡҶԺ￪ʼ̿Ṧǳķӣ⿵ѧ书ϣֺãҶֻ飬ѾȫסˡȻҶ̸ģҲֻԼѧһСڡ
ںܿСѾ߱˵Ѿ׼ˣϯˡǿѧѾ˵ֻһӣҲţٲҶֻ̣˵ѧҶʱ̫ˣԼֻ»ѧᣬ˵һ춼飬Ƶ˺졣
⿵˵ջ治Ĳ˺ܺóԡ
ľԶԶҶҶһֱΪԼľڿǰ֪ǿӲĶ֡ҶľҲʮֵ⣬õһȾƣǷǳ飬Ǻһһĺȵ÷ǳĸˣת֮䣬һ׽մƱȹˡҲ߷ֵ⡣
ܾûſˣϵİ;ҲתΣΪǳ˷ܣҲ˶ҶĸмֻԼۿ׵ľƺȹ⣬÷ȥþơ
΢ЦɷҲ֪ɷΪʲôˣʵԼҲǳĸˣҲȰ裬ԶŴȥʢơ
뿪⹤ҶԿ˵˾Ҫˣ𣿡
ţһ˫ҶڹٳȻ֪ʱҶͷ϶ģ֪̾һһߣ⹤˭ͷΪء֪ûкõƼ˵Ҳ
Ҷ΢ЦҡͷôƼҸյŲãܶ˶ϤҪǺƼһôˣ£
޷޷ᣬԹϺ飬ϵİӱõ֤ԣ㱣ˣԴˣ
ǺǣлĿ佱ҵǲƼģŵ¼»ƶܲϳɳأףҵӡȻҲǺܲġ
źƵƵͷҲû¼µȷֵܲܶ˵ãҾ͸׼ˣٺٺ٣
Ҷ֪ˣ˵زͿˡÿŴֻˣֽźȡ
ȵٰһ׵ľƺȹ⣬ѾˡֱӾˣ˲ŻȥЪϢѾҶȥҶҲƵģӢԼ߻ȥǶĲ㱻żѾ߸ϽȥҲֻˡ
СѾһһլҡҡλλصסһѾ߰óҶԿף˷šҪȥȴҶƿˣûˣû߰ɣ˵գײײĽţְѷŹϣȴš
⣬СѾ߳ԳЦŻȥˡ
ҶһͷڴϣЬӶûѣǣɲסеתģ﷭ƵҪ¡Լֻ֣Ǹղųһƾˣ̲סˣϽŸŻȥŻ£ڹ¡еһĽסԼڴء
ղѾ߻ûлȥչԼѵõϸİҶʿ˿ȻǸŮӣֻǺҹ߲ãֺˣУ˵һллеͷߵĵϣȻһľ裬װСˮۿ
Ůź󱳣ˣ¡Ѵߵľǽǣѥӣ£㸽ȥ̿ۡ
Ҷ֮ͷѾˣ㲻ӣڻ˯˹ȥ

ʣѾˣҶڿŪˣۣͷʹѣָϽϣɵ˵һ䣺ģͷʹ
Ƭ̣еһַֻԼ̫Ѩš
Ҷһ۾ԼﾹȻһŮӣְԼͷʵĳأˣŮӣȻǸĻʫޣ
ҶĽһһƿִеԣһԼ־ȻһֻԲĹĵϣ
Ҷջ֣㣡ʲôôҼң˵ţͷԼۣٿʫޣҲȹãԷġŭôôҪ͵͵˼˵Ĵ
ʫϺһһģһ´ȹͷ嵽ſڣεţҪţͣסˣǣҲҪúãģҡԺҲᷳˣ˵գ͵ţ˳ȥ
Ī
ҶֹһڴϣۡǣѾûа취˯ˣԺǸղŵ顣
ôģѵĸչԼŮӲլѾߣǾ˵һֱûߣһֱſڵԼԼʲôѵԼϴ
԰ҪԼ²֪ʲôȫû⣬Ϊʲôȴ¿أ
ո뵽Ҷ־Լ̫ˣ˼һƻŮƾʲô˯ʫȻᣬҲֻǹٻ¼ҵ߿ͶѣûмǴҹ㣬ҲӦòôŵġ
ô˵һֱԼ⣬ΪԼϴΪչԼΪѾ֪ԼҪȥլȾƣԼһ˺ûϣԼϵȷҲԼһԻ
ôԼĻ
Ҷü˼ˣԼӵʱ򣬰ģԼʱ֮ͷǻģΪס˱ӣû뵽ȴǱס
ô˵ʵԼ˼Ҵﱧڻģ˼Ͷͱ
һ㣬ҶЩգ˼ҺչԼԼȴô˵Ҳ̫˵㡣
ӣֻ˵ˡ
ô
Ҷţ˾ˣŮˣҲûʲôԺŷԼ
Ȼô룬ҶŵĶû˶⡣ҡҡͷе䣬һ۴ıӣŵģԼϡ
˯һᣬȴô˯ˣŵһɵŮ㣬϶ǻʫԼϣϱ˯һҹȾζ
ζЩķңҲ֪Ϊʲô


64 
Ҷʵ˯ˣеЩͷؽᣬվ˺һᣬŸоһЩݽľŻﴦˣˮϴ֮ųţСʳ̡
Ŷӵ⴮ıǰˣӦǸ֪Ϣտĳ¥֮⣬Ůӣһ긾ˣһǸٸæ
æտ¥ϰտһ⴮Աߵٸ˳Сܹϲ磬ˣ
ţⲻ
Ǵ̸ģ˵⼸׬Ǯ㳬ǰһ׬ǰأ
ٺ٣ǲǺܺ𣿡
վſˣȥ¥ȵĸ첲ߡŮӣûкŮӵ֣󷽡
˸ƵĽרŸҶԤǼҲкŮţ˵Լȥ׼㣬ȻȥˣֻʣҶ¥ˡ
¥񲻼ѣеʵôˣ
ţˡͷʹ
ŶҸɣ˵գ¥վҶ󣬿ʼͷĦ
¥ַǳרҵظոպãðĦǸҽһչģƳʱѾ൱ˣҽƱá
Ҷ۾ţ¥㻹һС
ѧģҵɩӲʱҾ͸ǰĦҲ˵ء
տɩӣǰôûм
ǰԭԭȵ˿Ͳ࣬ҲҪǰæûæˣæֵֻء
Ŷֵأ߲˲
ûֹҪֲ˵𣿡
Ҷ룬¥ĻǣϾԼ뷨ǰһأ׼ֵ㶫Ҹֲ˵˰æ
ôأһӶֲ˵İôһƬ԰ء
壿Ҷһ£ϾͷӦˣ¥˵ǸϺԼΪд·ðԶֶûи˵æɡ
Ŷ¥Ϻ֪Ҳ࣬ҲûбУҪҸ磬㣿
ˣæֵأǸ벻ղŵҲңҵһȥʡæҲ취ˡ
ʱˣ¥ڸҶĦĵ΢΢һЦ
¥һðĦҶͷʹȻǸˣ¥
ԹͣŵʱӺͶϱ˵ǽտȻˣæʩ񣬷ǳȡ
Ϊͷʹϻʫ޵飬ˣõʱ仹磬Ҷ뿪Сʳ֮󣬱һЩȻϺ˵ĵַҵϺļҡ
ϺҶţǾϲæõü˳档һӵˣŮ׶УǸ尡
ϺҶݱԶֶִ¡ЩһҶȵ̬ȸ˼־η͸ˡϾµݣһµģȻйġ
Ҷ˵ĴϺĴ䡣ϺסլʵС󲿷ֵլضֲˣһҵҪԴ⻹һˣźüʹŮбϴҶæǸ
ϺĲ˵ֵĶһЩ߲ˣƷֺ٣ΪƳʱ򣬺߲ܶ˻û뵽йоͰҶ׼ֲ
ϺĲ˵ȻҲȽϴˣǸҶȣǾͲԶˡҶɨһۣϺЩ˵һǮ
šϺ룬Ŷʮɡ
Ҷͷһ顣ҳÿʮĹǮȫҰһҩģ߲˲ࡣ֪ûȤ
Ҷû˵һϣ˵ҩģ۵ģҪһ
Ϻһ£ϲһʮĹǮֶ⹤ǮҲ̫ˣܳԿġ
Ҷ΢ЦǶһˣһ˲˵һҵĵؾԱߣԸ𣿡
ںϺ޶Ƕ˷ܵص㣬ʹɫϺϽĴӦŽãǲ׬ȡҶĸ߹Ǯ԰Ĳ˵ת֣ǵ׬˫Ǯĺ²Ӧɵء
ϺڨڨֶҩĵȻˡֻ⹤ǮҲ̫˵㡭
Ҷ룬ҪֺˣǿɾǲԴôһСǮء΢ЦһãҲĵİҩģԴҶ
ϺŸϽЦ˵ֶģһֺõģҪֲãҲûǮǡ԰үͱͱϺһɷϽĴӦ
ҶǺãǾ˵ˣ԰塣ҶϺ
ϺмЦЦͷǾͶлֶôˣֶܷģһֲ˺ܶˣҩҲֹġ˵ֲ˵һɣҲˡû⣬ֶġ
ãھȥذɡǽͿԿˣҵĵغֻܴҪһЩ
ϺݳﻹбԼĲ˵ظġǵһ˸ҶǿǰʱϺһ˶ˡ
ԶҵĲ˵شöĿտأϺβŻع⡭Ҫȫ𣿡
ǰҪȻôǿ߼۹Ǯ
ǡ
õ𣿡
ܣһءûġ
ǾͰˡ
ʱٽֵѾʼˣΪ캣ȫȨæϣҶûйܡֻһأΪԼ޽סլլءһͷҲһСأ޽סϺһסǹ˵أܡ
Ҷط֮󣬸ϺǿԶˡ
ʱѾ࣬Ҷǻصá
߽ţԶԶ¼£̽ѰĿ֪ڹԼι˾飬΢Ц΢΢ͷ
¼Ѿף¶ϲ֮ɫǺܿƽˣҶ΢Цͷ߿ˡ
¼£ҶŮʫޣŮԼ;֮һҹûлؼң˵СӻΪԼŮϴءЩԥǲǸ¼½һ£ֲ֪ôڡ߿ˣҲýˡ
ǩѺͯѾˣڴɨҶæʩ񣬵ִ£ղſ˵һ㵽ôȴš
ҶŶһ֪Ͽ϶ԼһȸˣͷʹˡϾԼö࣬ڶҪһЩ
ڼ£о廹Щһʱ칫ˮ
ʱξˣ洺繰ִֵ£
ҶҲ֣ûξˣ


65 ɱĸ֮
ξԱߵ£ϡɱˡ֧ʬ˽ͨһѾᱨݸˣʮֵĶӣ֧ʬԣò˶þͻͽִеġ
Ҷͷ֪ʬʮСһ֣ɱɩӣСף֮ڣɣıɱ׵ģʮĲʮﲻҲҪȴڴֻҪ̵õ׼̡ǵξεģʧܱסɴݸŵӷҲġ
Ҷ֪ˣȿˣһġ
˵һлξ뿪ˡ
ҶϢôһᣬϵξѾҵϢ޽լԺİͷһʯͷˣ𰸾ʼ칫
һڿһ£ϰȰѿдʣٿڣΪ̷да飬˽ⰸ飬ٿڣеķʸˡ
ΪҶѾرҪˣԺдʲҪ̫עʽҪѰддȷڵдʵİʵѾȽϸˡ
Ҷ֮﷢
Ӻܼ򵥣ܿϼʮ꣬ĸǸ׵С檣Ҳ˵ĸΪò⵽˸ԪҲĵĸϵĶʼɣһ쾹ȻĸϸˣܿϼĿĸʹܵŸ淢˵ĸϡĸΪɱ˱ץܿϼҲΪ淢˵ĸץܿϼ̷дǽ̣˾͵ξǩͬˡʰ֮󣬱Եо
ϸ˵оûκġΪɡ涨游ĸĸߣʣҲ˵ֻҪııѻ߿ܻԵԼУŮϽظԼ游ĸ͸ĸģҪн̣׵ԭڷϵľ֡Ҳ˵йŴǲνġסġرǶԼĸĸ
йŴڷƶȷǳϸ˵ԪŮĵĸŮҲֻܰѵĸԼĸףԼĸֻܽڣŮ淢ĵĸϵĸףΥڷƵģǹŴɾԲģҲҪϳ͵ġ
Ҷ˰Σ̾һΪŮеϧѾϸһ飬ûκʡ
׼дͬдʡǱȴþû¡
ڣëʸ˱ʼɽϣվһ˵
Ϊִ£Ȩ󰸷бҪĵ顣
˴ΡõĴֻոսŵʱһΣ˷⻹ǵһΡ
εĵн壬Ҷˣ־ϲӭ˳ִֵ£
Ҷͷֻ񣬵˷ġ
ðִҪ˭
ܿϼ
ãִԵȣȥ˷
ˣҾʼ仰ѡֱѯɡ
õģִ
˵գҶΡٳôηֳ֣һͨм࣬һͨŮ࣬һΡǿҪģŮѺһһ䣬ص㿴ء
мŮ඼ڵϣֿԺӣȴڵңֻп컨ĵطһСС͸⡣ǳĳʪʱֲĲҽкп
ŽһǰЦˡ
Ҷϴֻڰ෿Ǽ棬ûеηû䱸ɭڽоɭֲ˲
߷ǳĻ谵ҶĿһʱûӦԿֻ̫ǵݣԱ߻һӡȴûпˡֵתͷ򽪵أ
æָָԱǳεľͷӣϻء
ϻһר̷̾ߣеŵվ˹̶Ĵϣͷ˫֡˫Ŷù̶ľҪѹһִľͷϺȲдšȻһڸӵӿ棬沼˳ļ̣֮󣬾ֻм硣߷ǳĿֲ˳Ժ棬ֲܶʲôطץһ¶ܡҲް취Ҫ˵˵ֲ֮һ
ҶϸһȻС첲ϸľͷϻһСŮӡòΪͷǳġ
ҶüǺָܿתͷŽϻô𣿡
˾ԼʢˣûʵĿúҲûŮôߣֱϻʹõĽΪ˽һЩεĻϾոսŲãæЦ˵Ҫϻǹ涨Ҫ˷ϻǮҲԸĳɼߣҪöǮˡٺ١
˵úСģ͵ۿҶ
Ҷͷ̾һֵıҲףҪһǮҲ޿ɺǵġ
һ⻰һмЦִЩ䣬ǲװ
ҶҲ֪Ǯŵǳ࣬Ʊ֮һǮ˵ĿߡûǮ߲ԸǮģߡܿϼӦǼ˲ûлǮȻֻһŮӣҲϻпߡ
ҶŴ򿪰ɣҽȥʡ
ϽİŴ򿪡Ҷ˽ȥŵܿϼͷࡣһۣһŮӾȻǸɫŮü۾ףӣСɡֻڱܵϻĥ㲣Ե˫۾ӵۡ˿ֻ̣ǴͷϷȻҶ˽ҲƺûзӦһ㡣
һԵĽܿϼ
һȣŮһЩӦתͷһۣ۾ˡ
ŵִү㣬Ҫúûش𣡡
ܿϼûκηӦ
Ҫǳ⣬Ҷڰ֣ʾ˵ˡȴΪҶȥϽͷ˳ηȥˡ
Ҷסˡûܿϼ飬Ϊûʲô⣬ܵŸ淢ĵĸֱӱŵвˡҪʡ֮οԼ֪ΪʲôǶͬ飬Լĸױ˴˭侲ֻǣȥŸ״ˣɴ˰Լ˽ȥҪȷ̾Ϣġ
ҶڿˣĸȥˣҲѹڰ
ܿϼ۾رϣΣһžӨ
Ҷ˵Ϊ˸ĸױ𣬲ϧԼҺ㡣
Ҷ˳ԼʵҪİӵԭŮ״游ĸҪ涨ڹŴɱ˳ǷծǮһļ˽֪ܿϼ֪һ㣬ȴǵŸ״ˣ˵ԼΪĸױֵþ


66 ϻŮ
Ҷ˵仰ܿϼ۽ǹ䡣
Ҷ̾Ϣһҽֻﰧ֮飬Լ֮顣⣬㣬ûʲôҪҰæĵطҪУ˵ҾΪ㡣
ҶȷǳͬŮϧܸı䷨ɣܰģҲֻˡ
ܿϼû˵ֻĬĬᡣ
Ҷٴ̾һɣǰȥϻˣǶһЩҰһ⡣ҪǻбʲôҪ󣬿תҡˡ
תңҪȥܿϼǳ΢ִ´硭
ڶǿ϶ĻҶվסˣͷϻľסˣʲô飬ֻ΢㡭Ըң
Ҷ˻Ծվͷ෽
ܿϼỨ˫ؿСɵӣ䶯ţһ顣
ҶͷϣҰʲô˵աҾΪ
ҪǿԵĻܲܰҡҵĸ׵ķͷһ㡢һֽһˣûа취ȥֽҪǿϰҡ͡鷳ҡ
û⣬ĸװ
ҡҲ֪ܿϼţұץ֮󡭡ûҡҲ֪ĸ׺ǡôġ˵ܿϼѾ
Ҷѹȥʾ֪ˡҿ԰Ҫʲô𣿡
ܿϼƺ̽Ҷ⻰ǲĵġգҵ˿϶Ĵ𰸣ǣٴӿۿмգգۣߵһ¡Ҫǲ鷳Ļִ´㡭ܲܰҡķرߣĸŮԲ
ļӦûᴦĺµġ
ģҺĸסǸҡˣû˻ǡ
ǻӦò᲻ܰɣ
Ͳϲңְѵĸˡһˡҵġ
ҶĬȻ⻰ûҪҪĻӦûỨǮڴһġûУռ඼ˣһֱϻõ֤
ҶУʱļ˲㴦£һᰴҪġġ
ܿϼľͷѵص˵㣬ллִ´磬ʲô֣
ҽҶ
磬ûа취ĶˣλĶ¡
ؿб𣿡
ܿϼ΢΢ҡͷͣᡣ
ҶһỨҸʲôһ£ûд־ϰߣֻץԼᡣоȻΪĥ࣬ǼǷǳĻ۵ġ
֮ܿϼ϶һĨɬҲԼЩˡƤһ򶼱ȽϺʵҲ죬µˣǺܿͻϻųġ
лл硭
򻯳˴磬Ȼжһ˵ƵġҶЦЦҵ㷢ⲽ˴Ρ
վڴſڣڸε˵ҶϽӭЦҶʣܿϼĵĸôǲҲϻ
æûûУɷѾǮˣȡϻҲûרŹӦʳĹñǶء
Ҷһ̾˿ܿϼĸļйϵҵңҰæһ£չչܿϼڼ飬Ҳаֵ֪Ƕ࣬ǿͷ˵ҲףҲո֪һЩأǰûдǮɣһͷ˰ǮȰųϻͲҪʲôˣһŮӼңģҲӳΡЩҲûʲôô⣬׸ɾ·ˣʳҲŪһ㡣Ϊ˸ĸŪӣô
Ǻһ˵ңһ˵ǣ廰ֲҴҶĻòҶ˵ˣϽĵͷ˵Сǰ֪ʵǲ˼ίչˡ죡ϽȥչϻųĿ찡Ͻ׸ɾ·ϡ׼κߣĿ㣡Ƿᰡ
䱻ȥˣͷ˼ֻ˵Ů˵·ûа
̣һţ㹷յĲҵ·ü
ǣͷƨɣЩЦţһ̫ˣ·̫󣬲ø·Ӧܴȥõ·ϡ
ǸϽİҪɾģ
ãʱףֻһˮģáͷһ˵һܳȥˡ
Ҷæ΢Ц˵ˣŵˣ˰Ǯ
ˣִֵͣأҪִµǮһʲôȥС£ִ˵һˣСһհ죡
ҶʵװǻƣǮʱôǮϣô˵ˣͷֵǾͶлˣ硣
Ҵ磬Сܣٺ١ʵ⽪Ѿ˵꣬ǴСܳģȨơ
ҶҲļ򣺡ãԺԼֵˣֵʲôҪæģܿڣ
ҶһģѸͷҪĵƮƮˣܸҶɳֵܣҫǮ򵽵ģб⣬ҪܿϼԼһź
Ҷ뿪˴ΣվԺĥһ£ϢգʱȥС׺ˡƳʱ򣬹ÿʮϢһ죬ѮݡѮա
ҶصǩѺſڣ֪㵽ɢá
ʱͷ͵ģҶЦҶ̫ˣҿǺþûˡ
Ҷָ˶Լĳƺ˽֣Եø׽ҲܸˣֵϴǺþ
ϴִƺ˾һַʽϵҶǰϰˣڽ˳˵֮󣬱оԡ
Щ죬ΪƺƳûУҲ֪ʲô˼ĥһ£ϴ󣿺ٺ٣ϲ
Ҷһæϴûʲô顣ϺİѾݸˡ
ţǾͺá
ǩѺҶſոտһᣬſ磡
Ҷ̧ͷһȻֺĶŶ椡
Ҷæˣ
Ŷ椵үүŵҲʶλ椣Ű칫ҲɡŶûнȴʾȥ
Ҷֻóſڣʣôˣ
Ŷҿȥңϴ飡


67 ׼
ҶˣŶѾõʫĿˡͯ˵һԼȥһ£ȻŶŶԼס
֮󣬶Ŷ椰ѷŹϣЦ磬ĿѾõˡ⣬һϢҪ㣬һˡ
ŶʲôϢǲҪˣҶЦŵ
Ŷֺ΢΢һ죬һİۣҸ˵ˣҪ㵱ǡ¶ʫ硯ĸ磡
ʲôҶ۵ô֪ͨһͰҷչȥˣ
֪ͨƽû֪ͨ𣿡
ƽ㣿ʫޣ
ǰǰǾ˵ģǻƽҸҲʫͷ飬ʫ磬ŵˣֶʫݵһĲôһ˵Ҷ˵áǾôˣƽ˵֪ͨģûи˵𣿡
Ҷˣ磬ʫԼһΪֻǱԼ仰ҭû˵ڡԼ±ҪԼ顣˵Լμǵʫ磬벻ԼˣϣԼɱӱ˯һҹϻԼˣȻҲûл˵顣
Ҷ˶Ŷ˵ҪԼǵʫ磬Ϊʲôʫʫ޺ӡ̫ˣʵڲۣͬҿǻ˰ɣţʵѵǴ֮áллͷˣллһ⡣
Ŷһͼˣһѱסĸ첲磡Ҫǲμʫ磬ݸŵ£϶ˡѾˣͰǰɣ
Ҷʲô£
ٳصġ¶ʫ硯ݸŵɵġ֮ʫ硯ÿ궼ҪһαͷصġѾˡңĴʷǳӣҪ˾һβأ
Ҷ˲һ˾
ǰǸƼ㵣ִµ˾
ΪʲôҪƼҶʵǺԼҲֻһ֮ѣԼƲ⣬ԼʫдĵףõúøУԼǸӵķֺøУԼһ֮ţԲűԼġ˶˵ԼĿɽԼȴֻһ档ϴθ˵Լȴ˵ԼѼԼ
ȻΪԼģԼ͸þһһ¡һǰ참һʫʡΪپΪԭƼԼġ
ڣҪμŵʫУһչԼĻᡣ
Զ׼ˣҶһ㡣
ҪסôͱһлӴ˽ԼԼֻвϵ쵼ǰʾԼܵõ쵼ʶһβϣһҶǳ
ǣϣƲԻơ˵񣬰ʫᵱչʾԼ̨
Ҷ̾һЦŶԶŶ椵֪ģرʫ޺ȴϲһңҺΪѰ
ŶһҶ⻰ƺЩɶɴϲסĸ첲ҡŵ磬ô磡ȻͿСõϣӦСðɡǣǸʵƽ˺ܲġǰʹ˵ĺûأңҸҲǳģʫʣ˵ǳ˲أ
𣿡
ţǰƽдʫҿ˵òײŵõġǶ¼ǼʫڶѾˡдã
ҶˣʫóǿģӦԼҳԾƵʱϮǼףû˵ԼȥҳԾƵ飬û԰ڣҶЩһᡣ
ҶоԼֱڶŶ椷Ļߺ¶ȣ忪ʼûϢ˷ӦϽֳ˳˳ļ򣬵ôҵƨҲμʫˣңȻҲӦð㣬ҴӦˣ
˳ˮһҪġ
Ŷ椸˵رſ˫һӱס̫ˣ磬Ӧˣɲܷڰ
Ҷԭһ֧첲§Ѿ˷Ӧ˱ţֻ¸鷳ϽѶŶ椵˫Ƶģú˵
˼ҸŶ椲Ϊ⣬ʱ仹ûжˡǰ֪ͨġʫ磬ڳ̡ʱһȥ
죿Ҷ׼ѮݵʱȥܿϼĸϷأĹﾡТأһȥвУе顣
˷ȥ鲻𣿡
ҶʱȻа£һȥ
õģ˵ˣˣεĿҸ㣬׼ףҲָõһֻҪһС
˵գŶ˵Ŀ
Ҷ֮󣬾Ŀܴڣصʫʲ٣ѡлļ׸Ȼֻˮ׼ʫǶڶŶ˵ѾԶԶڴˣɴϲļסˣֵĵص磬ĺʫˣô죿
Ҷ̴Ц߲ʫ֮ţɲ˵Ŷ
Ŷ椶ʱģıسˡ
ҶסǩѺߡ쵽ʱӭһˣͷҶִֵ£
Ҷϸһŵֻϴεξ˵ʱһ棬ûʲôǹгģ൱ڵĹֻǣҵũ̵ĹŴһֱλܵͣҲûִţˡҶֵ𣿡
Щģҿ˿ִûпգһȥ
Ҷ֪϶ԼؿҪôõֵܵĵط˵һ
̧һѶһ·Ҷǳס˵ܿ
⻰ĶȴǷǳæֵллôر飬ϵǸӣִ˵˵¡ҹϵеˣִģҶ÷ִ磬ʲôǷֵҪġ˵ˣִôЩˣСҲû̵ִһýһˡִ㿴Σ
ǸΪ˸ĸѵĸ˵ܿϼĵĸǽϣԼͷûнϵġҶͷһʵϵİӣǲԪǸ
ԶԣǸϲƣִ㡣ԼҲִ׽׽ִ֪Ƿ
Ҷ˵ȻǸӣ֪ܿϼλϸҪԼ˵ʲôµҪǱˣҲˣȻˣһҪġ
Ҷ˳ˮȫƮƮģæֵллִ¡ô˵ˡ˶ӣǷֿȥɢ֮С佻Ϫͷִ£ɺã


68 ҷظ
Ҷ֪ԼȥֵطȻǺȻƣǣﷴϲƣԼŮڴϻǿ϶֪ģǾȻֻǻǮԼԪȥߣԼŮȴǲŲʡʵ˺ġҶ֮ԴӦҪһܿϼﱻ⣬ϲƾҪ˵ʲôһȾƣһȻơ
£ҶüϻӦֻ꣬аʱ佻ϪͲȥˡҸط˵˵ˡ
æǣǾݾ¥Σ
аʱ䲻࣬Ȼֱ˵¡Ҫžˣ£ܺȾơ
ǣ
Ҷ˵Ӧ꣬һдʣ벻ûжã㵱Ӧˡ¥Ѿһϵ佻Ϫۻ
ҶнңҿԼƵҪԼȥ佻ϪȻƣҪȻײһˡ룬ʱԼȥ᲻ǸٵԼ˵ˣֲ̫ܣ˵ˣٷǳ롣ֻ²ô׼ġ
ɢõʱѾ˱װˡҶæӭ֡
Ҷʵڲ˼ϵӦǰˣԣֻһٷĹʵڱǸһҪ˵
úãСס
Ҷļ򣬵֪ҲĨӣԴӦŹţ··Ұﲻæֵܵ壬ҲκӰ죬Ժô飬ܿڣҪôæҲа
һ⻰ϲæĹǣлִ£ʶ絫ôԸСһհ졣
ҶЩ˳ֵܵϵҲΪԺ·㡣йӹʹ޹ϵ벻ϵиĹϵʵһ㣬ҶִʱʦʱȻ̫ǶѾᣬҲһֱڻظֵĹϵڵƳһҲᵽ
˵Цݾ¥㿴һǵӣϰԵĵ΢Цֵ̧˫֣Ҿ˽ܣλȻܿϼĸϲơ
ϲæûưõľҶҲûϽϲƵ䣬ȵȵȣִ»Ӧ꣬Ҫߣֻһٷʱ˵¡Ͻİɣִ·ǳæģûϹ
úãϲƱҶ˵Ҷûµ˼ҲֻվڣЦģиС檣˵²壬ǵǻңΪһһҲһʱգõļȥûС檵ĲϣС檾ˡһҲǹģҪֻܹС檣·ϣĿ𳤡๼һǹʧ֮Ҫɱģִ£һҪֹ
ҶʺƤ·˵ţЦʱڳܿϼмѾʹӣ֤ϷһżһͱʬҲ֤ߴڣвͷ沿һһﻹǹʧǹɱˡֻҲϣʵ̲סһ䣬ϱ㷢һʵʩɱºڳʹѾ߶ˣܿϼȥ٣ǰɣū״ˣֻҪıҲҪԽ̵ģûһū͸ȥλϲƾȻҪ˽飬׼˰ʬ̧ȥ£ܿϼ֮£ֻԼȥٸ״ˡڣϲȴԼǸݶĺĳһʧɱǾͿԱסҿͷš
ҶסŭǸȥϣﰡ
ϲ벻Ҷ飬һʱЩ֪룬룬Цڡڳϵĵ
ϵĵ£һƬҷظڣϿ֮䣬һյɭɭģˮϷǳĲãԣűЩȥӻԼʬĵطûǮصأҲʬһҷظڡ
벻ϲƾȻԼȥĵطһصضûи
ҶֽʣڵµʲôطĹ𣿡
ϲ벻Ҷʵôϸæֵڵ½ȥٲһţСдֵġ
ҶͷȻһġԼȥ죬Ҳҵˡ
ϲƼҶЩЩ֣̿͵ۿ˿ԱҶ
⣬һȥߴ߲ˡ˵գתҪȥ
Ҷס㲻Ҫߣϲƣ㻹ʲôҪ˵𣿡
Ҷϣ˵˵ͬŮܿϼǣϲֶûᵽ·ûŮƵġҶǱģ¶Ը⣬Ҳ뿪
ȻΥҶĻЩεվ
ϲƶ꾭̣֪ǮƵôҲԱ򽻵ٹԱʼʱһ࣬ȵǮǰͻЦģλִҲ£ϴǽǳذһǮҶǰˣĶͭǮ
ϲмֵҶС˵һ⣬ִЦɡֻҪǻܶɱ˷ųٸִһǮ
ҶϵغǳһлΪǣһһԵˣҲáǣҴձ˵Ļ¸Ӧø߹İɣ
ϲһ£
һҶֱӶΪ¸֪»ˣҶǸԼ̨£ϽǳϲƵҲǸ˵ִԷѾܴӣִΪʮֱֵջ¸ôأһף
ϲʮֵΣŵŵ⡭ֻС˵һ㡭һ⡭ʵڲ˼
ҶĻˣ˼Ѿ֪ˣ˵˵ˣһæģøһסҲֻ֪һССִ£ȵģ˵˲㣬Ҫ˵˲㡣ԣҰĪǸһ£ȸˣ
˵գһ֣һﳤȥ
ȻҶִֻ£ŵ˶֪ǽ֮Ҷ˾ƼģǳأĻĳ̶ֳϱǿľȴԴΪдʣȻǰ˲æġεϲһۣϽ׷Ҷһֱ͵¥ſڡϲҲֻýų
Ҷվסˣͷ֣ǰȥ
佻ϪǾòԶһСӣʮֵСϱһЩο羰Ϸ
ϴҶ캣һΣ֪·ղųʱѾһ³ۣٲȻһλ湫ӡ


69 
Ҷ佻ϪߣûȿͷһСѾӭүˡ
ҶһߵѾɷϴڴ¥΢ЦѾˣأ
ɷһЦС㻹ûءүǰˣūȴүү룡
ԭԼˣҲѹ֣ɢõʱ磬°ˡղŵһʱ䣬಻ĵ㣬ȷ̫һ㡣
Ҷɷͷ;вٻĹ깫кˣǼɷŵģ֪Ǵ¥ĿˣҲҹ⡣
˰ߣһĻһǰ깫ͷʩ
ҲǣֲҶһ̤塣
Ҷͺ֣ǸҪһС̤ģһɣС˲ĸоҲǺܲġҶûƴǣ̴Լĸ첲˻
˶¥ǰɷŷſƿ˲ţҶȥʱϲӡվһ´ƮƮŮ޸ʣüһ使޵÷䣬гһѩ÷һĽޡǸٸԼȴ˵ԭĳ÷
㣬ô
÷ĵȴû˿ľȣס֣ǵһˣ֪ˡʲôأ
ҶһǣоӦҪǲʣϲб𣿡
ȻˣȲ˭Ȼ֪ˡղҲūң÷ߵ
Ҷ§סü÷䣬Ȼĺ촽
Ҷǳϲ÷죬ǣﲻͬǺľģżŻһ¡ǳ÷ȴ̰ģ˵Լ˵Լ
һᣬϾԼֿ̫֣ˣ˵
һ˵÷һ߰ˮιҶʱʱƬ̣Ҳڡ
Ů㣬ʱ÷ɿ죬תۼ㵽˻ƻˡҹʱ֣Ѿܽ˵ƴүˡ
Ҷһƴүֻ±٣ɰһæվ첽ţ÷ų¥ݿڣѾһݵĲ£̨ףϴڴ¥λƴɡϽվһԣȺ
٣ҶΪԼţϾϴθһ֪ٵʵݣԵʱ磬һѿڣ֪ǸƴɾǷʷϴ٣лϵ䡶顷֮һԭ̲飬ĴˣֻŵģοԷԼĲ֣֪֮ԼȻһ㲨ûС⣬̵ģ̩ɽǰգ۵ʯ򣬵Ǽ
ִʱҶΪʦҵԭ򣬽Ӵܶƴ֣·ҰŵĴϰ壬ҲӴɫɫĴСԱмʡ쵼ʱͷ֣ԼЩһȴȻ죬ˮֵܿΪ˹Ŵܻ᲻һû뵽ݱ»ӡ
̨ףҶŹֵݼϡ󣡡
ٻǵһϴֳƺһһЩ졣ƺҶղһֱĥġڻֳϳƺְȻǲǡģҪǽдү̫ūԣд磬Լ˼ûֽ顣ִᣬϼ쵼ֳϣһ㶼ƺϰϴհᵽŴϰֻ±ϴ֪ʲô˼ˡԣҶջѡƺֻǸղĥԼʯȥˣЩ񣬲ϴ˵Ѽ
ٸһƺڲ֮󣬱Щ棬ͷҶһۣɰ˼ˣǾõˡ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣漴Լǰڴ¥˵ԼСǴɡֱӳƺԼСһ˵Ĺϵæ΢ЦûûУҲǸողŵϴ롣
ҶֳƺҲȤĥһ£ҲЦٵϴƺϲԺҲô㣡
΢Цͷаߡ
ȻڴǰҶӳʾڡ˵ǹҼ쵼ˣҲǵط߹٣ͣҲǿĸ׵ģϾϵĵҶǺܶõġǰڻǰ΢ЦϴСĽż
ŴŶżģҺܸߣٵͷ˽ȥ
˲е¡ߡ
ټҶͳ÷վڣҲ
Ҷϣ˵Ҳ㡣÷¡
ٶԳ÷ڳû˿ľȣҶˣٿ϶֪÷Ҫ˵÷ٽġȴ֪ΪΣѵѾ֪Լ÷Ĺϵ
ϴ֮󣬻뿪ͷн佻Ϫһ֮䡣̲壬ͷ졣
ܿ죬Ļ̧һ̳ӵľƽڳеһСĴǾƳֳһ޵ĺɫȥΣŮӵĺ촽
ټҶǾƣһЦˣɣ֪ʲôƣ
ɫӦòǰ׾ƣȻе÷Ů죬ûŮİ׾ƵζеѾơԣҶưư죬ҵó
аȺһ
ҶҪ÷Ѿ˵ţȥڴױϵһƣ͵Ҷǰ
ҶţȻûа׾ƴ̱ǵľƾһѵ㡣Ѿڱεһ£΢΢һڡĥһ£ЦˣȻһںȸɣȴһľϲɻת飬ѽζֱҺζҿɴûƷ⡭⵽ʲôư
ʵҶѾ֪ѾƣΪϲȾƣԶԾƵʷҲ֪һЩֲƼƳŴԭģҪڻʹ֮УԽ֮ҲûϿѾƣǳĽװûƷζӡû˵һԭ򣬸ղٶƵһֵ⣬˵ƿ϶رֻԼ˵ǲСͺñǲҪǶԷһӱ³ˣǳ˻һʧ䣬Ҫô²ɳԼ˵Ǿͻһֺˬĳɾ͸С
ҶǲɵӣٹȻǸˣź΢Цͳ÷Ҳ²¿
÷ӹҶľƱȻ֪ѾƣҲͲƷǹ˺һڣưư죬һġһζ⵽ʲôأ
ۿֱӰԼȹĲоùȥˣҶ΢΢Щ˼Ǽ÷ȻٺҲû˿쾭һ㣬֡


70 ҹⱭ
ҲȥھƣѧҶƷһ£ҲǾҡͷ˵֪
ٴЦ˹мСѾơǴһֽѵĶƵģֶûмУ⻹ǵϵǻʱ򡭡
ո˵ٵסˣΪȻһ֣ˣ˵ˣȾƣգһ̳ѾƺȲ꣬Ͳ׼뿪
ͳ÷Ҳֻ˵һ־ƣȴûƷ벻Ŀڸ϶˷ܡ
ѾƶЩƳ˵ǱǶҶִʲôûкȹļһ˵ȴûʲôϡģԶִƷƺáҪģҶˣֻϲȰ׾ƣϲȺƻơơʵûжȤģ֪ƳʱǱ϶ҲеǱװȤȻӣŴȤ
ǣҶֺһסش̾˾ֻӦУ˼мţ
ʫɶŸġ䡷öֻǰĳ˾ơҲǧŵ䣬ٺͶŮкá
߲ʫĲſڳʫҶƷѾ䡣Ҫǲƣǲûأ
÷ҶͬԼķһ㣬ǽϲҶһСˮ͵ߣոôƣȳԵ㶫
͵ߣҶֻҧס͵ۿ˿ŤͷŴɫȴЩġϽԳ÷˵ԼԣҲ԰ϴǿ𣿡
һ䡰ȡʱٵĺƣ
һԵźļϽƣҶһǾƱһֵŻƵͷĻǻ𣿡
Ƴû͸Ѿһְ͸˵س̶Ȼвġ
ͷа
ʫСҹⱭʫ䣬ֻҹⱭֻڴ˵ʵûеġִȺƣһóڸ߽ŲҪͺƵɫҪմɾƱȤˡƳû͸ֻ档
Ҷתͷ٣ϴҿѾƣõ壬ǳҪǵͿɫˡβʢͿһߺȾƣһ߸Ѿƽ޵ɫ𣿡
ٻڽкãǳĲ
ܿ죬ʢһ͵ǰ˿͸ǳɫԭɫˣһɫǼ̵Ѫһ㣬ɫʣһӼжٱһڣˡ
漴ﻹѾƣЦʹ죡ʹ죡취ãҪתʥϣҲ⡭
ո˵ĻٴͣסˣȻûıݣҲ֪ԺûпټʥϣûĻʥϡ
Ȼϳ⣬ѾƺܺҲҪȣҶ
Ѿͳ÷Уȴһɫʢõ壡ǳϲٵɣдƣûʫʣ̣ˣβʫˣ
ܺã󱭣ио˵գһҲźˡ
ٵɣһװɣ
ҶҶ֪ʫ˭нģ͸ƳϺȾ˭¾ƴһô߼쵼ڳҪͷԼˣǿǺ֪ܲȤġЦϴϴ
Цˣˣϲʫʣȴóûϵ߲ʫĲ飬һľӣǺʫ˾ֻӦУ˼ѵüţã˵úãˣǱңɰ߲ʫʫɣٺʫ˵˵칬ɣɡ
Ҷһʫƺǿ̫˼ҵ䣬ƤٺҲҵţæڨڨʫɿɵһǵƳɣƳʫɻ㡣
˴Ц
ҲЦû֦ҲҶ۲תҸղʫǱǳŴġѽǴɣңһǽɺðɣ
ƺڴֻһԵձƺûк˼˵ûκҶĶȴǴɫģĽ촽ζ￴ӹϵһ㣬ɲ¶ͼæͷа
һЦǴ棬ɣͲҪƴˣһ߲ʫĲˡ
Ҷ˵ϣǿҲƴǣһ޵Ѿƣߵ˳УűоƣϴΪ⣬ҸղűһֱƣȻ˱սĽʿȾɳѪұ߹ؽʿʫһΣ
ҶĻٵ»ղҲָܣƽкá
ҶⲽƴʫƵ߾
ҹⱭ
ϴߣ
ɳĪЦ
ս˻ء
Ҷʫϣ۾ˣʫ벻ɾȻܸʫ֮ãЩսɳʫˣҲĺʫ
ҶƤܺȻǳϮʫʣȴûаĸоֻǫѷ䣬ȸһơ
˺ʫҪǲȾƣιȥͬһ
˱Ҳźȸ˾ơ
źĻ֮˵ö˶˵ƣȴ˵ѪűЩˣУһײУ
ҶٴЦ
÷ҲҶǰ˵ҲҺˣøһ׸ǣǳͷ
Ҷһתһ׳ʫ浹мʺϳϮڴˡǺãҾ׳ˡ
˼ͷų÷е
գд紵
¥ˣɫõ塣
ƣʹý
಻ãĽա
ͽY`ɺ
ٰҿʫ
ʫϴͽ˱
Цų÷ûУɸءҪýȢŶ
÷ϲһۣǸֻҪʱʱߣʫ澣Ҳ֪ˡ
Ҷʫʹǵ£ھƵ£ʫƷǰʫ˵ģҲڡ
֪䣬ѾҹѾ˾⡣ٶҶȾ̫࣬ͷЩ裬ȥͷﰡҹأ÷ͲҪȥˡ
ͳ÷֪Ҫ̸ɵشӦˡ
Ҷٳ˴ͷûˣͷ죬Ȼ⣬ھ֮µҲá
ٵɰõô
һжܺãҶæȭˣһûллϴ֮ء
˾ţ£ҲƼġ
һŬϴĲࡣ
š


71 һ˭
ٲ˵ˣŽҹɫΣŵ£ϵܸӣһЩӪˣ֪Ƽģ϶·ְ취¸㡣ԽǮɫҪذ˵кЩͼլԺ㣬㶼ȻܾˣĺܺáҪΪЩӬͷСԼǰ̡
Ҷͷһݣͷ΢΢Щ亹ҿԼԤлߣûжġ
ûпֻǿҹɫŵ˵õǿأ̳⣿
ҶǳԾԭԼһһٵУԺҪСİȻԼռ˱ˣҲų۵ģ۸ⶼһģ̸ܻߵ顣Ҳ˳ҲҪʵʵش𣺡ǰǰͷ޽ģûǮϢеߣءҲ֪Ҫ²ܻˡ
ٵ޽ؽ̳⣬뷨;ûǮƣǺ̰ԨģԼǮջ󲻶ġǶ˵֧취Ǯ
ҶЩ⣬Ƴλܵͣǿ̵ģ벻ٲһȻ϶ԼҶ־ϲҪشٽ˵ĻԺˡٵȻ;ǾͲܾ̣ǳ͢Ĺء
Ҷˣɻ١
ֽ˵Ȼ޽̳ϸ˵ҲǾ̣Եͼ˵У߹٣İʯ𣿡
ҶȻܵ߹٣
ٸ·͢ɷֹԱϵļ˾̡رǶĵͼԣ԰̽С˴ûйϵˡף˽ˡ
ҶЦҡҵļˡ
ٴĻ֪һ壬ֵءʺϵˡ
ҶֳһǶԼй˽ģֻǲ֪Ƿ񿴴Լð·顣ıĶԼӦûвȥԼǼð·ϵϣҪȻǲһ˵ġ뵽ԷһЩڨڨֲ˵ģǿغܴ޷òô࣬ԣ׼ѵؿٳһЩҩʲôġѾ˵ˣһҩġ
ҩĸׯһھ̡ûġǣļҲ˵ʱҪһŵù˴кʵѡ𣿡
˵תͷ
Ҷ룬ûСҪϴƼһǾˡ
ҶѾ֮˵⣬϶Ŀġ
ȻٵУɫһܼҡó÷Σ
÷Ҷ⡣
šٺΣó÷㣬ԭֻһĿģǾɫ׶˵ɫȦס
ҶȻѿڵԭ÷ϴİ
ʳ仰Ҷ漴ˣ÷ôҩԼϹ׸ԼȴκҪԼµӦǱָʹģΪ˵ǸĻˣ벻˵ȷУȴ٣ţֻΪԼɫ͵ʳ˼ҵ˼ơ뷨Ƕذ
ҪĻԼеķӦǷǳصġ
ΪʲôҪôԼԼҶһʱ벻ףûѵͣһεĿġʲôĿģһ֪ġ
ٵ÷ˣ˽й˽⡣ףԭǾ̵ģҺܳɹֻΪһ⣬̶һɴ˴󲡣ȥĸ׸ҲˡʣµļҲֱöĵֳܹ⣬Ҳ˽̷㲻õġҪ⣬檡ӣĻأԸ⣬ҿ԰ѡ񡣡
ҷԣҶ׼ô˵ƾʲôƾǰ쵼֮һͿҵĻҵĻʲôٶСˣȲżԣԼҲûĶҲûбҪȢŮӣôͰסһ˴ɭ֡ȿߡ·ˡ
⻰иӿ϶λ٣һʲôشļƻԼܿǰʵּƻһԱҪһԱ˷ĵذһСԼĻͨ˽ڣҶЩҲ֪Լ龿ʲô᲻ôشΣա
Լ³ˣ˵ǹʹԼ֪
ҶԺţЩɵתͷϽһϲӵӣֵǣлϴϴѡżòˣ
ţصͷ˵һˣǲȱŮ˵ģҪȻᱻáҴɰԣ֮ǰó÷ޣǵġ
ãҶ￩һ£Ȼϣڸ˭ԼΪҪһ壬˿Լ
˭أܳΪĵֵģ϶ٲСѵǴ󶼶ʷ㡣ֻݸŵĳʷݣϸϸ룬Ҳ⼸λܳ䵱ĵ֡
ţҪǲأǲǾǣǰƷ̲飬Ǳݣĵ˵ǾǳȨⳡٰˣԼ䵱ǰ䣿
ҵĹԹԣǸΣջǱҰɣһԴԷŮء
תĥţȴҹɫ˵˵־֮ұһµ뷨Ҳǽҽԭ򡣡÷һܺõư֣⣬ǿԷĵġҲרԼ;ΰ
˵⻰ʱҶԹת÷ɿ죬Ѿ⣬ҴǱҪ˵ģֱֻϣڰԸ֣ǾûˣԼǳԹϵģ˼ʵΣգΣվѡԲΪ˱ʲô֪֮ԼϡֽźͶԼģôɵԼ˵㡣
ϳǿʱҶѾԼеĻԭ򣬸Ͻϴ׼ˣȻǴ˵ģԺҾͰ⽻÷ˡ
šصͷһתֵǰǸɱ˰ɱ˰ܸܲɴ䣬Һ⡣Ժİ참ʲôѣҡ
ǣҶƬ̣ǸӣǣһЩˣҲ֪ô졣ϴָܷһ£
ٵǲǣлߵ飿
Ҷһ£̫ˣֻ˵̫ˣȻ˲˵Ҷķ͡ҲʲôΪٶķɹǺܿصģԿ϶ǷϵѵΪǰԭ򣬶ԭֳ̰顣ͬʱŴ֪ĹģܶϺĶ䡣


72 ̹
Ҷæǰ飬ǣüˡĿڹ˵ţҶȡĿڹ֮ǰѾԤϵٿܲμӣѾһڹϡᣬ˳
ٲûнӣתͷȻ֪ҶЩʲô֤ݣҶڨڨ֣ŻҶ֪ô죿
ҶһݣԭԼյνܣ˼ʵգæΪϵõĸ߹٣ҲţҲҰⲿд¼ôݾߡдˣԼܣ˲֪Ҵռ㹻֤ݣṩʷӦûᴦúõġ
ʷ൱ڵļͼίͼԺ̰֣רżٹٵġ
ٵͷ¶һĨ΢ЦܻԴİӣǾͱʷˣǽϵг̳ԣ֪ô졣
Ҷ»ֻǲֱ˵һԼָµӡ
Ҷѿڹպãֵ漰ĸ߹ٲ٣໥ǣҪһ²Ҳ̫ʵ¸飬һ㶼һһģȡ֤ͻơԣѡһԱΪͻƿڣռ֤ݺɼʷ󣬴Ӷҵǣͻƿڣûеס
룬ٳصξȫʢԴϴȱڣƷͣӷܣûĿɽֻҪ֤ݣӷҲұԶѶҪСһЩҪֱӶӷĹԱˣѵܴ󣬳зǳ֤ݡ
˼·ҶһģѾ˻ǶԵξļҵĲƲ̽飬ٽмӡĿǰѾõ㹻֤ˡûһٵ̬ȡֻҪ֧֣ԷĴ󵨸ɡѾõٵ׿ϣҶܸˡһȥ϶֡
ҶֵһϴݸʷСΪ¥ŮԴףɱˣһˡѾø˽һˡ
£üͷ΢ɹ涨һ¡ҪӵġѾˣͻ˽һꡣִʻ㣬ѺΪʲô֣ٴ϶꣬β֪
Ҷһý̳ԣ˲ǵʷְ̨ʱģֱ˽ͨɡԺлԸཻ
аϴƼˣ϶ֵý
һֵۣʫʺܲһǳѵõı£յúã԰;ߵøԶԣҪøֻչʾĲܡһһȵʫܿҪˣҪȡǸĺûᡣܴ
ҶЦϴĻ˵ҵĿȥˣһհ졣ˣѾμٳŵİ¶ʫ磬Ҫݸŵ֮ʫԾأ˵ϴҪμΪУ𣿡
΢ЦͷǰŵʫԾ˵ʫԤΪݵһӺ͵һŮֱʫ磬ԣζԾܶ˶ܹעҲ̶ܴӰںжϡҪŬң˵֮ʫҲһλĲӼ룬Ծǣھͷ찡˵Ҳһλ˼ݵʫˣʫٶȼ졣㲻ܲŶ
УٿĲ˼Ҳ첻ӵĳϮ¸
ô룬ȴһ֣أǣлϴѣȴ֪λĲſʲô֣
¬ڣ
Ҷʱһ
¬ڣ˱ΪƳĽܡʫںպдǧŵ䣺óɱĿδԸԧ첻ɡҶϲ֮һ
벻ȻܼԼĽĴʫˡҶЩ˷ܣ漴Գ˸ƨ˼ǶְҪһϸµģȻԼһƤǧƪҪʤҲ£óϮʫȥսʤһλʫˣʵȤúܡ
ټҶʵôҲ˵ͷ
¬Ȼ磬ڹŴ⼫ͨѶ£϶ᴫ̫㡣Ҷҡҡͷֻ˵Ǿģϴ֣أǸаɡ
ǰҪʤɾͺܿᴫ龩ǵġǾʫᣡμʫģ֪ôģݸŵ֮ʫᡣ
ټҶЩŹ֣ʵôˣûģʵҪۣʫʲĿǰΪֹ֪дʫʣ˵϶ǾѼƷ˵ǧҲΪԣú
Ҷϰظͦͦãϴ˵û֪ˣ
ţһҪ㵱ʫʱд峵ʫ˶ۣҪóɨһеԼһսʤ¬ڣþÿһλ˶֪֣
Ҷ˵ÿЩ֣ӣͷԼҪżĪǣԼʫҲһ壿
ԹԣҪǿɵСˡ
ĥţȴһٵĻĶ־ӣͬĿ
Ҷıٺ⣬бΣ˵˵͢ҪٳصĻԷ̩һ޽̣ǽȫһ󹤳̰츣ٰգ
˵գֿҶһۡ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ôö˶˵˵𹤳ˣǰ̲ĸ߹٣ûнӴʲô̽裬Ҳֱӹյĵط٣ôһ̸̹Ȥ
һ֮䣬Źڴϵĵտζζһղ˵̵ʱ˵ķǳϸֱᵽ˹̵ľʩصʩʱ䣬Լʲô
蹤̣ǿ׬Ǯ⣬ִҶԴ˵ȻкᣬĴͻͲ̴ϰ壬һǲƴֻӽӡ̡
ǰѾ˵ԹԱ׬ǮֻҪԾӪǺϷ׬ǮʵǽɵģΪùԱ㣬ӶԻ¸ȤҲʵνнĿġڣֹϢԼѵԼ취
ԽƳ֮Ƴ̽ҲЩ˽⡣Ƴʵеӹƹ涨ÿÿ۶ʮ죬񣬶ԴʳûйǮ֮ټʮ죬ʮ죬ȫ⡣ЩҪʹڹҽ蹤ϣаˮ̣ͶġԣƳʱĴ͹ͶʽĿϣûִϵν˾ʩӲ룬ɵ֯ذͶ
ƳĽ蹤׬Ǯô׬أ
ףǣܿ϶飬һ⣬Բ˵ģԼƵ⣡ηƣǾҪԼˣĸ߹ٲܸԼָָһ·Ѿ˴æˡ
ǣҶϽĻϲعֵǰǰʶƵҵȰոж°
˵ǻʶ۾ȴ٣⻰ڸл͸©Ϣָ·
ټҶˣЦһӵȥɣ


73 
£ҶָһϢǾȻٵݣûԶ뾩ǵȨģϢǷǳͨģصĿϸϢ֪ɼٵĹϵҲͬһ㣡
صգƣͳ÷ַݸˣҶգƵƵٱ֪䣬һ̳ӵƣѾȸˡٺȵ࣬ȻҲˣ˯
ͻĻһ˻ͷߣٵʹӲ˳ˡ
٣÷໥һۣŮƺ˵˵ģһЦ÷Ҳˣˣ㣬û˳ȥ˵գҲҶǲǴӦѾ߲£ԼĳҲˡ
Ҷֻøĳ
ƺˣҶļͷ
Ҷһѽ뻳ӵǡãŷֿԹһΪ˳÷ãͲҪء
Ҷǵ󣺡ôأ˾չѡ
̾һҲ밡ǣɼ
Ҷ§һ£ôأ
㲻ģ˵ˣɼ˵
ҶԹת˻⣬
˴¥ȥ
Ҷȥɡ
ˣȵţҪңһͷ㣬ûбҪľͺá
ӵǣ䡣
ž佻ϪԶĵطܿ㵽ſڣͣ¡طֿҶ³࣬ʧ˺ҹĽֵ
Ҷҡҡλߣ˼վסˣöЩղֻ˺ȾƣûôԶҹģֹԽԽǸղڳϸһȣѲˣסûгԵģžˣҲû̫࣬ҡҡλαŶСڵСʳ̡
ˣţţ¥ţҪԶ¥
˼춯¥磡쿪ţ
Ű飬¥һյһ°ɫ£ſڡ
¥ŵҶһľζֿվȣҡҡλεģϽȥĸ첲Ҷ˳ƿļͷ󣬵ûɶģӡҶˡ
æУİ𣬸棡
ҲãҶһƨ˳ϡʿ¥ԼԳЦһھЦʲô
¥ѵԲϣѵŰϡߣҼܶǶûÿ
ÿҶЦˣ£磬ݰףѩü䣬ëرֻݵ㣬ȻĶžˣֵЦ˵ҺÿΪϲҰɣ
û뵽¥ȴǴ󷽷ͷ˵ţˣҵ¥ҪԵġ˵¥¥Ȼϲ
Ҷ˼Цˣڰ֣ۿȻһ飬Ҳ룬ѿڱʣ㣬㳴˲𣿡
ǰ
ҪҿһҾ¥Ը⣿
¥Ŀǲת˵Ŀģ
Ҷ֣صصͷȻѾҪ̣޴гҪǲƣǿɿˣ˵Լֻͨǹ٣Ӱ첻̫󣬳Լ֮ǰ׬Ǯ˵Ҫľ¥Ⱦݴûйġʱҽ㣡ĳ𣬰¥ߴΣ
̫ˣܸѧգôߵнˮãӦɵأ
ǿ˵ˣ˵գСָ
Ƴûĵģǣ¥ʴϻۣһ֮£Ҷƴ˼̽ѧϸСָ
ҶԼСָסСָͯһ˼£ǵһθ¥мӴָܣ˻֬ʲôζ᲻÷ſƷλһеζ
ǣζûܳãΪ
¥ջԼ֣վʣ˭
磡ң
ĴһŮӵ
Ҷ죬һʱȴ벻˭
Ůֵ磬Ҳн
һ⻰ҶˣòСûǣ
ȻǾ˵ξüĿ
Ҷƨɸװ˵һ㣬ವһ¶ſڣȡŰ壬Ǻ˿Уֲ֪Űôȥģ˼¶ûܰŰȡ
¥ɵȡŰ塣ҶվţŵĻ㣬һͷСб˽ȥ˰ԲĹĵɫԲĵײĶ߶š
ҶϽĿջڸ
ʱŰѾȡ£ŮӹȻǻǡ
ҶϽ粽ȥôˣ
Ҫ˵ֿ¥һۣû˵¥֪лҪ˵ϿӦñȽżæȥûС˵գҴҽ˺Ժ
ѹξҿ˵ҲᣬǮӾм󳵣ôˣϵʱ㿪ʼѲ׼תƵطȥҹͿʼˣ㣬ֲڣҲ֪ȥҾ͵⣬ղżˣҪкȴֻøΪµ飬ֻŽˡ
ҶĻ˭Ǳߣ
ʦ͡Ҳ֪ôˣǲѾתˡ
ҶϽȥţףǣҪǲﱻתߣǿɾͲ֤ˣ뾡죡ȥҲͷǴ˸
ǴӦҴҵˡ
ҶȾܣ¥׷˳磬ˣ
м£ˣ
Ҷ˵ţײײܻţĿŷ嵽˲İ෿
෿ֵֻ˯ͻؼˡͷҲڡҶ˽ֻȻҶ˯ʵĲǣϽȥ˶ٰѴûֵ˯ҲнҪȥмʷдͷ죬ϵξң˵˴󰸣죡
æӦҶּæܵլÿš
ŷ֣еýЬӶûдܳšҶأ
˯أ
죡뿵˵н񣡿찡
ŷæӦˣȥСܿ죬³վ£ôˣʲôˣ


74 㳲
Ҷ첽ȥֵĽҲ֤ݣ֤ʵξ˴Ļ¸Ǯƶѻɽǣ׼ǮתƳȥԱ֤ν׽׽˫ࡣǮת֮ǰ£ͽʷ졣
һ£ǰûκηͻȻҪһξץ˵ξֻǴӾƷµСһԱǣϾҲǹԱҪץˣ鷳ɾʹˡ
ҶԥѾ˾˾ͬץ
Ҷִ£ȥֱ˾ȥ˵ǲϹصģ˾ͷ̫ˣҸҶĹϵֿ϶ͬһ㣬Կô˵ġ˾Ѿ֪ͬץҲûκǡ»ֵȥã
Ҷܳլǰã㿴жʮˣŮУ죬ŴεĽżֵϰ볡ҹ໻Ϣ䣬پסŵĳʽŷūŮȵȣ˲ŵ֮⣬߰ͷ˵ޡŸܡ°ȵȣźЦ
ҶȴûʱȥЦξ̰ѾΪټ죬ֻͶңһȥִץǵΧסξլԺֹǰѼ߿תơҪϮʹÿμӵˣͭǮһģ
Щ˯УЩˬֻȥලתǮƣǮǮ٣Щ˶ʱ
һִֺ£Ǹߣ˵ȥҾȥģ
ԱһԲĹĵģЦҪִ´ߣʮ꣡
ޣģȻʹĵ㣬ϹɲҪҪԿ
ֶôЦ
Ҷɹ˲ϸ˵Щ軰һӣ֪ξס𣿡
ü˶˵֪
ҶǴ·ŴҴҴҳŸξլԺ
յ⣬һŮӵ磡
Ҷתͷȥȴ¥żӣѾһ£·ϳԡ
ҶǶˣҲ˹лˣȥɣ
¥ͷҪСģܻСʳȥˡ
ξҵլԺŲԶ־͵ˡҶһ߳ŰһߴϡԶԶլԺſڣд˵дͲҽ˻ͺͻǵ
ߵǰξլԺſڣΧһЩˣɮµŮᣬڸһӼҶԴǻǸʦ͡ó˲ûʩչ书ҪڶܣʱѶԷƿȻʱ䣬ҪȻʰ⼸Ҷһָͷ͹ˡ
Ҷס֣ס֣ŵġס֣
ЩʹӼҶһȺŮȵı۵²죬Ͻÿˡ
Ҷô°
ǰ׵ҸֻǸǻԵǲڳԻǾ͸ۣǻҪץǣүǳ
һҶŭ˵ǶסſڣǳȥףҪǮǮҪˣ˲Ǯ٣ǮӲ˲ãǣǴҲģ
ʱҶѾԺﾪʧĵξͷԽ˰լԺΧ׼κ˳룬оܲߣɱۣ
Щ򡢳򡢳Ӧɢ˿լԺΧˡΪ˱˶Ŀξ޽լԺ⼸ʮǿʮһլԺΧ
Ҷϵģֻһ졣һѾȥȥˡ
Ҷߣξ򾲣ӭѽִãƤŮסҵŲýҵʹӡ
Ҷһ۱㿴ԺĶϷһڿڵӣʹͷͣǱ֪֪ϵĶ϶ǳĳأӦþͭǮ֮ġ
ҶЦЦξԺôҪȥﰡ׼𣿡
ξһʱ벻ӦԣЩҵǰٺ٣ǡ
ǲǰҶ֪ңҹİңô˵ĶǲǲŻﰡ
ξæִ˵Цˣִô𣿡
û£ҶȻҲʱ䣬żʷͿǸȻĽ£ľѾ˴룬һľȴûһãŵֵܽһȥԷȾƣԼˣ·ԹҸ˵ξȥǼҾ¥ζû˵ģóԵĺܡ
ҶͲͣϲ˵ھ¥Է飬õξ졣ξǽ廰Ƕûɹò׵ҶһãŸϽԲִ£̫ˣȻȥģǸϽĹִ»ŰξǸں
ǻ˺ܴһǮлߵξŽŵģΪ˼Ƿһƨծڻûл塣Էǳʹ̰˿˵Ҫץ̰ĵξǳļ̲סŭȵģ㻹£
ξһʧɫתܣȴγ׷ȥסˡָϽתһطܣǰһǰһˣײһҶ
Ҷ̽ץסЦξȥﰡ
㣬ƾʲôץң
ƾԺһǮƣû˵ôǮݰ˵˵ЩǮôģ
ξҶƿأǸѲˣеңҾȳȥͣ
ЩʹıҪϳ壬Ǻͻǰʩչ湦ˣȭţЩ˴ڵأʹûһ
ҶȻ֪ɵ书Ӧǲģʦ̫ǰǲ֪ȻֿȭʮѴ֮ɾ̾ù̫ˣ֪Ҳ÷ѿˮĢˡ
ݸһЦѾ㣬ˣǵѾˡ
˵գƮȻˡ
漴ҵĽŲȴǴͷżˣܵҶʣô°ִ¡
Ҷߵǰ򿪺üӣȻĶǴõͭǮŻԴͷȫʢ̰ԺЩһǮ֤ݣѾͽʷ졣ȫʢˣ
ͷȻǺʲôǵξ̰飬֪÷ǳȷﰵһģҲн죡Աһȡǰॽȫʢˡ
ȫʢֻ֪鷳ˣҲ󣬵ͷιء


75 ޷
ʱͼʷǰϵȫʢϵԩ
ͼʷ̳ԿеǮ䣬̳Щɻ󣬿ҶһۣƾЩǮǾץˣ
һ⻰ȫʢ˾񣬴ԩ
ҶҲ֪Ƴɷﲢûо޶ƲԴԣȻץ˾޶߿֤СҶӻȡ֤ʣݸ˳̳ԣʷĿ
̳ҶһۣЩĮȻҶ֪ٿ϶ûи˵飬Ϊող˵ģǰֺˣ˵ȥ˾ոģ˵˻˵ġ
һ˾³һ飬һģҲٵĻɿѾһЩڵȫʢľٱֻûƾʵݣһֱû֡
Ҷ˵µʮ㣬еĿڹԵȫʢڣлߣǳ֪лߡڣִҵô޴ĲƲЩǮʮҲģ
ξ˵ˣһûʲôģҲûʲôôǮ˵Ǽ˵ģҲûšοҶȻ֣϶֤֤Ӧþ
ץ֮ҶҪڹ쿴ʹҶõλû˵ʲô漰лߵĻʱһġºһ룬־ò̤ʵǱϸҶȥץﷸĲʵʱ֪Ҷѯʹܳʱ䣬о鲻ԣǮƣ׼תƵδûſӲãôǵȥҶˣ֪군ˡ
ǼʷԿȰ˷ռ࣬ҶһͬȫʢеĲƲ
ͷ˵á
ͷԴ˰ѵȫʢѺŴΣҶȫʢе˼ҷֱֿ¼ȡڹԱȡ֤
һֱ˵ڶȫȫʢļҲĿˣÿĿɿڴ
صţΪȫʢٳصĹԱʺٳѺǼʷȫʢתƵݸŴιѺ
ԹԱְĲǼʷְܣطֻǸϣȨڼʷԣҶҲûв롣
ΪһŹѮ֮գûµĶԻȥˡҶȴûлؼң黹ءҪȥܿϼĸϷأѾ˵˵ģҪŶȥ翪ʫᡣһ죬ʱ˯ˣֻܼϣʫϴ˯
һҹδ˯̫ˣ׼˯һʱȥ졣
û뵽ո˯£صĴ׼ȷ˵ŵһӾˣ˯ȫûֿţ˭ŶҪˣ
Ŵ򿪣ȻǿĶӿ
Сһȭ֣ѧṦģ˵˽ҡ
ҶһţæˣȻˣæ˼ҡҽһ춼æҪ׼أ죬òãһ㣡
Ѿ⣬һϲ˯ҲҪṦѧһЩСһʧˡ
ӣͷǺðɣɲˣ
һֻҪû飬Ҿͽ㡣Ȱǰҽ죡
ţˣŻլȥˡҶһ׼˯Ǹղſýŵľ޴ѾĿ˯ȫˣһʱû˯⣬ʰóרֽҶ̣һ㣬һֽǮרϷصͷ⻹ŴסϹɶĹƷһ
ҶһԼȥϳǵĵ¡һ·ǰ˴Űʱ㵽ˣɽڣǳʽԸȥֻԸš·ҲҶԤһЩǮ棬˵Լ˾ͳ
ҶһߣҷظھĵģʱʱѻУǺӦҷظɭ
Ҷϲ˵ķλ˰죬ҵ·ء
֮ϾϲΪʲô˵ֻһСȷ̫СˣҲʯһľ壬úڱʼдš֮ĹʲôûС
Ҷ֣ϲȢŸС檣лԼһóһӵǮ˵ǳǮģԼСˣȻݲݵľͰˣΪʰ
ҶѹƷںã㣬ʼֽ߶䣬ֲ֪ô˵Ͼ˼ֽ㡣
ĥô˵ȻԶŲпǳ߹ġ
ѵϵϷˣǿɵøϽҪȻˣ˵
ǣҶ˷رߵһʯš
Ƭ̣ǽŲͿ˷ǰһˣЩˡѵϲƣ
ܣҪϲƻϷǰޣͲôݲݵذϰҷظڡ
˷ǰصĿֹͣˣƺ˭ݼ
Ȼ˿ҶڷǰļƷյֽ
ͣƬ̣ؿţȻǰڷżƷյ
˭أֻһˡһ˵ϷϿݼ⻹е˼Ҷ̲ס棬ԾʯӲΪڻ̽ͷȥֻǰһӣԼļƷԱ߷ԼļƷȻʼֽ
ֲĲɣſӦǸͨũˡ
˵㰲ĵȥɣܿϼǹŮΪ˰㱨𣬵ٸ״ٸץˣҪܿҪȥˣĸŮҲи飬µˡءǸϣҲѾ˴ΣҪͷˣ֮ҲĿˡǣ˵ǸϲƣĴǮͨϵ׼ﻻɻ֮һҪӣҪϲƵóѰҪϵĻȥء
һ߿һֽǮҲĨᣬƵ϶Ǳġ
һᣬֽ߶ܿϼˣΪ˸㱨𣬰Լȥˡ⺢ӿҪǵҵ˸ţƸ񣬰ȢţҲн찡ҲᱻǶɱܿϼҲΪ˸㱨ˡǴҡҪǴӦˡڽ졭ⶼ֮һȥ㣬ռǼҺڰһδεĴкڵѹҵϱҾΪԲ㣬ҪҾ˵ˣȢ㣬˭ȢôЩ꣬Ҿһ˹ġ
˵ĴؿšΣŽ߶ţϲˣֻϲˣңҾ㲻Ȣ㣬Ҳʱʱ㣬ҾͿˣ˭뵽ɱǧϣȻˣء


76 껻һ
ӿ˰ΣҧгݵģһҪǸϲĴͨؽڰгɻҾһͷȻҾ͵ͷɱһ𣡡
˵صһڷضϣޡ
һ޵õǾ춯ءھʯҶȻ
˺һᣬӲŽſڷͷ޵֮һҪȾܿϼҿܿϼΨһĹ⡣ϧû˰㡣Ҫ飬ͽ̸ң뵽취ܿϼһҵҲĸԸ
꺺ӿ޵ûڵصģУȻоߺʲôˣŤͷȥۿѾᣬǰˣĨһѣڿˣһ۵ֿ
˵ȻҶ
ǡ˳ҭʡ
֮Уϵġ
˵ͷ˿ͷһЩƷֽʱˣǰˡæӷҶһũˣҶĶǰЩ޴ֻŵŵ˵ллллϡ
ҶϺ𣿡
ǰǡֻһģûбʲô
Ҷ֪йǣʵ˵ɣſִ£ҽҶҽܿϼչίУĸ׵ġΪ϶ûĸףίҡ벻׼ǹġ
һ⻰ʱǰҶܿϼк𣿡
ãռû˹ûǮ㣬ϻʹࡣ
˱ͷ˵ϣؿšͻȻ뵽Ȼִܽܿϼί죬ǾӦǸˣ˵ܰܿϼǣվֱĨһѱᣬſ㡭ǿִ£һܰܵࡣҡûʲôǮȵ˹ӣҡһĵȡел㣡òã㣡
Ҷʣʲôˣ
ҡֻһġ
û˵ʵȻǸҰﲻ㣡ǣ˵գҶתҪߡ
˸Ͻ׷ҾֵܣԲҡ˵ʵܿϼĺӡ
Ҷվţʲôʲôϵ
ҽвɽ˳һ£˵˳ҸһģҰúܽСһ𳤴˵Ҫ޸ҡҺܸˣ˵ҳ˭ҲȢǣǳʱҾ˵иյֿ̼Ҫ巿
Ҷϲ巿檣
оŷأʱֻķҪ巿
ҶЦѹϲƸںϺŮܿϼŸ檣Ӧø˲Ůɣ
ܹʮ߸͵͵ģ
ͦ˽
ɽ޺޵û¾ǼţȻ˽⣡ϲԪǸ˵ϲƵǮСȻǸϣȴûٱǮ⣬Ȣ֮󣬿һʼױΪǮģԶԪӺݡԪ䶾Ҳֻһ۱һۡ
ҶʱˣΪʲôϲôںλԭ䣬ԭҵĻ
ɽ˵ŹڶҡҺúԼûб°ȳ
˵ɽʹضԴš
Ҷ̫ѹˣ龿ô£ͷ˵
šɽͷĨһ飬ռ֮ǰһϣ͵͵ŰԼС˵׼ϲƼС檣ҪҼʱóͬǮ˵ý˵ͿԼ޸ˡһżңȥҵ˵ýǣҵ˵ûǮҪ˵ýֻ߸ţǾԲСԻܸȢޡҪȼ˵ô󣬶ӦҿŰ޵úģţͱ˵Ҵߣ˽ȥȥ
ɽͣԼͷ˵ģ鼫Ϊʹࡣ
Ҷöֲһ˽δһ취
ɽ벻Ҷô˵ȶ͸м̧ͷ˿Դһ£ʹǸʱҪһôȰңҾͲһˣ
ûдӦ
ɽ˵صͷҡʱ˽ܶҵֻһӣҪǸ˽ˣҵｫô졭Ҿ˵룬һ˵ˣתˡ
Ҷ̾˿治Ǹˣ˼ҴҪ˽ȴҪ롣ǲ飡
ɽһվҶȻ飡ҿΪȥ
ΪȥȴΪ˽Ц
ɽһˣ˪ƵģԴ˵ϡ˵ҹͺˣҪߣòεȥҪߣ˲֪컹ûʱռѾˡԭѾ֪ϢҹҪһ˽ȴûеʱӦ
ɽʹؾԼͷؿ
ҶֵԺһ߰
ûлˣһʧȥҲûˡɽ̾ҵʱҲôģӽǼ֮ǼҸϣȻܣǣҵ˺ü£ȻҲʱţÿ߶ʹѾߣҸûл˵Ҳ¶棬ռҷ֡һΣߵѾéȥˣֻһڽϣܹȥ˵Ҫߣ˽ǣȴҡͷ˵˵ѾˣȻѾռҵˣͲټޱˣ˵Ҳ⣬˵⣡һҪ˵Ѿ߳ˣֻ߿ˡ
һŮ¶Ҷа̾ŴŮӻĸ㲻ٿôء
ɽֽŵΪΪ˺ӣ˽Ծ͵ȣһֱȵŮܿϼҵ˻˵ߣ᲻úӣǰѺҲߡûдӦٺҾ˵ϲƵԪ侭ЩңرΪϲƵļġұʱǼҺԺǽ⣬ʱĲҽкͰ󡣻ŮܿϼĿţռܿ࣬ӦûӦ˰ɣҵλ˵ҪŮߣžܾˡ˵һӵĿ඼Ѿˡų׾û뵽ܿ࣬ϲƼǸüˣҪ֪ұǿҲҪߣ
ǰûкҩ˾ֻʧȥʱ򣬲֪
˵ɽҶͻȻһӹǰͷֵܣ㣬ȾܿϼĺӰɣôһ⣬ҾȲҪپȲĺӣңҲˡ
ҶΣԣҪʧȥɣԸ⣿
Ը⣡˵ɣҪҵҲԸ⣡
ǺãҶͷҸô



77 ѧڹķ
뿪£Ҷ˳
ɫ磬ûе磬ҶѾźΰǸĹܿϼ죬Ľ־ȻһССдţ֡һòŮǲڻһЩʱ䣬βȥ˵˵ץȫʢȫϢҪȻ鷳ˡûллء⣬鱾Ͽ书̣졣СһԼṦøϽѧ˽ֻǲ֪ǷסǲѾصɽȥˡ
ǰͣˡ³֮󣬸˳Ǯǰ
ֵԣҲ١Ҷȥ˴ǰһŮᣬסˣλʦɵĻʦ̫ǲס
Ůῴһһǣ裬˭һʦô飿
ҶæõҽҶǻʦ̫Լġ
һ֣ŮһЦԭӰʦѾ˵ܻʦںԺء
Ҷ˺ԺϥŲҲûֱۡŮ˵һʦ㣬õˡ۾ҶдһĨɬ΢Ц
ĨɬҶЩɻòŮΪʲôԼ¶̬ѵԼ
Ҷ˻Դֵʦ̫ллġ
Ѿվ׵ˡ
Ҷߵ£ܿ˿յģһûСѾɻ󣬱书ĵط
ԭˡ
ҶɬŨṦķΣô𣿡
Ҷвģ㣬̫ˣһʱ䣬ҲѧһС㣬ô㲻ˡ
ǵһҿ
ҶԼѧһСʩչ˳
ǿ꣬صͷ治ѾṦıʣңӦٶȼ죬ṦЧʱգĲ˵Ṧⷽ棬Ļﵽһֵľġ
㲻Ϊ˹Ҳô˵İɣ
˵ġ
ܲԽһºأٺ٣ʵѵÿѧЩ㲻
΢ЦУڽ㡣
ѧȻˡṦǳķӣȻܿ죬Ҳ˲һʱȫѧᡣʱѾʱˡ
Ǽһ飬˿صͷˣṦѾѧᣬľǻˣֻܿԼѧ˵ַɿҶһۣڹķô𣿡
ҶûпʼѧûзæҽںܶⲻءʱˣһҪ죬ˡп㡣ؼ
˵գߡǳһ£ߺûһҪץʱ䣬Ҫɽ֮ǰȫѧᡭмǣ
סˣİɣҶڴӦһͷҲ⡣
⣬ѾԶˣҶҲٹ·ȥˡ
صãֻŶ椽վſڣţͣҶԶԶϽ˹磬ôڲ͵һˣ
Ŷ𣿡
ڶѾˣ
Ҷ˿űͣŵļվŵļŮǼͷ˺ͻʫ޵ˡе˶Ҷ΢ЦͷֻлʫȴŤŽϵˣƺЩ˱Ҷ
Ŷ椵Ҹܡ˵գҶȵ˼ͷǰ˽ܡҶæʩ񡣼ͷЦͣͷ߲ʫݵһĲѾݡӵʫҲݶǳľɣƷ
˹ˡҶæǫѷ
ţŶֽ˰¶ʫʫ޺ʶģŮ̷ֱҵŮֶŮ¶𣬵ĶӽǫԺʿĶӳɸ϶Ŷ椺ҶͷˣһǾŸԱ
Ҷһһ棬Ȼһ㬵ģǻðͽᡣȴǷǳ飬˵Ҷز¶ĸˣָ֮ģرŮӣ͵͵ۿȵĿ⿴ȥæɬض㿪͵۴ǻʫޣܵʱֻ΢΢Ƿʩһ仰û˵Ҳûп
ͷ˵ǳɣ
Щ˶ԼĳʹӡѾߣֻҶûСŶ椱Լ
һϳŶ椱˵ƽôˣôƲֵģҲǵģʫüɫ˸߲ҵİˡ
ҶЦЦû˵
ӳǣŹٵǰ˺һᣬ˹ٵߡһ·ɽˮ㡣ʱʱ̤ܿˣڲݵϯض
ߣеһŵģڽ̬࣬죬֦ƮȻŹȥ˼죬Ǵĺȴ࣬Ѿܸܵ˴ůˡ
ߣѾȵʹӰѶ׼á³ݵźձ̺滹齡ҶȴһƨݵϣȻ泯¡۾
Ŷ椶ߣ㣬ôڲݵϣ
Ҷ̤࣬ڲݵϣǻ粻
¶ͶϽӿڵ˵ûȻ̤࣬ǻ粻ǣҲϯضͷϳɳأȻҶ˵еձ̺ϣʫ޵Ҳϡ
ͷˣգʲôΪ⣿
ͷ˵˵ˣ̤;Ϊٲϴƣߣֻһӷ
ҶһƳľƶƫͣҲͶʮҡԣһھþ߶ȾƿҶ˵ʲô
ͷô˵ˣҲû飬һϴεĳӵģһŶͻȻ£Ʒʫ﷢𣬶Ŷ椸Ҷϵһ㣬ҶҪϵһɨ㣬ûԡ
ҶԶŶ椵ҶˣгԵûУ
Ŷ椰һۣûг緹ٳ𣿡
ȥˡ
Ǳ߳¶ѾĻ˵УҸã˵գһӣ͵Ҷǰ
Ŷ椿Ҷƺûʲô飬֪Եɣӷʳļȡһֻռ˺һ룬ݸ
ҶռͱӶ˹ʼԡҪԵռżҧһڱӡһԵĶùһˮߺ͵ǰҶҡҡͷŶ֪һƷǰƹ˺˼ڡ


78 ׹
ۿڳ⣬ںȾƣˬ죬ɶݸһЦֻлʫޣŽһҴСҲ֪ʲô
ͷҲż⣬ֻ΢ЦҶ
ǫҲǸƹۿҶԵ㣬ҲȾƺˡ
ҶһźȾƣȻˣһȣʱ䣬ձˡ
ۿŴ¸߰ͷų⡣һΪޡһаСʱңҶȹһƣ۶ԶŶ椵ǰҡ˯һᡣڲݵϺ˯
˼ܿ˯ˣ΢΢ɵʫ޶бһۣŤͷˡһ磬˶֪ϣҶ֮żеˣ׼ת߿̰ξȫʢѾƽ˼ʷһҹû˯ԴҲ
ΪͷѾĿȸ˶Ŷ椣ҶѾдˡҲģҲҶ˯ֻ߹˼׳
ʫʫģֽдˡۿǲ඼дˣŶ椲ŹȥдԼġȻҶϮʫӮ˵ĽڳޡˣɵúһķԼûԶŶ椵սҪȻֻúѿ
ۿһˣŶŰҶѡ
Ҷ۾߹ȥʾдһӶͣȻԶŶ˵ӣٽңʱٸ˵Ŀ½ź˯
˵Ŀ̫˰ɣЩ˶֪Ҷ߲ʫݵһĲ˼ıǮ˿Ҷʫ䣬ҲƷøŶ椵ò£˷ֻǰʫ޵ġǫ󣬱һ
˺üĿҶһ̲űŶ椽ѣһӺдһףǾѵƷʫ档
һֱбɽҶŲ˯ˡߵߣҨĽˮϴһһŽϵ洬ͻȻǻȥɣڽʫǸ
Ŷ椺ͳ¶𡢶кáǫѾ׺Ⱦƣ˺Щ⣬ϴ磬ҲʾͬͷҲ˵ãǳɸɤŴнϵ洬Ҫ⴬
Ǻܿ˺ü洬̸˼ǮǷֱϴΪ洬СԷֳŶ椿һһǸϸһŸҪõĻʫޣһҶһҡͳ¶Ҳһҡʣµļͷ˺еģֻһҡǣҶһұһŮһϸ
̻Сߡ˽ģϦ£沨ԣʫ黭⡣
Ŷ椱Ь࣬ڴߣѽѾ쵽ˮ⣬̲סеƽ㣬㣬㣬Ҳѽ
¶ҪѵģǵĴԱߣɲ˼żӵЬ࣬ιǱǣ߿һ㣡
ۼŶֺСѾˮڲŪˮ˼ϽķԸ̰Ѵˡ
ۿǵĴԶˣ¶Ͷ໥һֽۣߵؿ˿Ҷͷ԰羰ǣԳһЦɿЬ࣬ѽѾ˽ˮ
ִ̲ϱȻᶼζˣںСѾŽѾִ˵ĶڹŴŮӣνǷǳĴ󵨶ҿˡŮ˴첼Цνߡ
Ŷ߻ʫ޵ĸ첲ƽ㣬ҲѰˡ
ʫԥһ£ɿؿҶһۣҶСвȴǲûпǡڶŶߴ£ŰԼЬҲˣˮȻǳ
Ҷ۽ǵ⿴ŮڴͷŽѾӣһЦţ⾰ɫ컣ɵ¶һĨ΢Ц
һˮŶͻ룬ȥѧɣ
ͳ¶˵ãʫ޿һڴмҶȴû˵ǶŶ椱ǿҡҡλεСߴشҶ߹
һ˫˫СѾǰȥ֣ʫ޵Сɿɰ
Ŷȴǰվסˣһ£磡ɵţ
Ƕ˺棬ᷭģƽ⡣
Ŷ椿˿βȻѾ³࣬ͷˣҲȲȥˡһ
¶ҡֵϸιģѴָңҪ
Ҷһüͷ΢΢һ壬ҡҡͷٻӵܣ԰վӣ˵ôֵȼԽһͨǻʫ޺˲С
ҡֵϸϽİеĴַſ˺һΪţײվĻʫޡѻʫײһƨ˴ϡҡֵϸԼǻˣŵûҾ˵Բȥֲҡ
ʫޱϸײˤ֮СƢȻȻɫһ䣬Ҫѵ⣬ϣǰֳҶɢˡǿһЦ˵һûϵģţ˵գϸ
ϸ벻ȻԼִֽŵϽϲ˲֣ȥ˻ʫޡ
ʫ޷ſϸ֮󣬿ƣһһƵģɺԵƤֲڶ죬ʫޱһĶģܵذԼȹϲһ¡
˴мŵҶ۾¶һĨЦɽ׸ģƣʫװյƽģȴ¶š
ʫ޿ҶǵһĨЦøɷףͷ
ʱ¶ѾӹǴ֣ʼҡỮȻ֪ôҡֻҡΡСڽĴתǵöŶ椺ͶЦͣ
￴棬Ҳȥᴬ֣¶ȴ֡䣬ﱻײһ£һԵĻʫ޸Ͻһץס֣֮һקվסˣȴѻʫ޳˴⣬ͨһ˽ˮС
ʫ޲ˮˮ˫ž³ţȴ˹˺üڽˮ˾Ҳ룬ͨһˮȥץʫޡϻʫ޾֮£ץ˶Ͳ֣һסţŵ˫ֶסˣŸ޷§Ϊûа취ֻˮ˫Ųˮֲ֧ǣǱ㿪ʼһ³
Ŷ椵ŵþУǣΪѹЬŽѾӣҴԶԶıܿ洬ҲϽİ洬ˣԶǵľУҪȣֻˡ
ʫˮʱҶվˮоˣҶѾ嵽˴βںͽˮѾ뿪˴ߣҶֹǡ
ҶȻһˮҲڻĹ٣ǿԼˮҪȥˣһˣŰһȥ
ɲΪ˾˾ͿԼܶ˴ĳ˾⡣


79 һ֮
ҶϽһ۴ϣСֻǴ洬նûУҲûдͳŸݣֻдβһ֣ǴǴһľ׮˩ڴλģһʱȡ
ҶǣɿؽԼϵڳϵĸһͷݸŶ椣ץס
Ŷ椸ϽץסˣҶץסһˣһа׺ᣬһֻŲŴϣӲ൹ȥ̽ȥץˮˡ
Ŷ벻Ȼˣǰ˳ҿĶλأŲסϣŰͣסԱߵĶͳ¶ϽæһסﵹµҶ
ҶˮУȴˮȴûжˣŵغˮץţƵģȴһ
ֵʱ򣬺ȻĽˮһӰðԭþˮ˱ϸһЩѾþٴ³ʱͻȻʫƮɢˮĳҶһץס
ҶˮĺӰ³֪ԼƺץסˣϽеȥ
Ŷ椺Ͷ¶Ůþ˳̵ڰѺڴߵҶͬʱҲŰˮĻʫ޺˴ߡ
Ҷɿڴߣֽˮﱧסʫ޵˫Ҹϡ
о˫ĳ˵ԣʶԼ˫̫ǰȻǱסһ˫Բ飡
ʱѾܷ֣Ͻ洬ϡɿ֡
ŲͣţŴʫȴһرסŲ֡ǼһŰѻʫ޵˫
Ŷ̽̽ʫ޵ıϢֵؿ޽еûûˡ
ͳ¶𶼾ŵؿرǶΪʫΪ˾ˮȥġ
Ŷ椶ŵţ죡˰
űˮǺƲסҿţӶ˸һֻϺף˵ˡ
ҶǵúʲôƬ￴ξˮˣ㰴ռ䣬Ҫѻʫޱ˫ų·Լ˫ˮȥʫ޵ʱӭ㿴ʪ͸ȫ磬͹£رǰСӣңֵͻԲĹĵ˫ߴ
ɵ椻ǻ
ҶתſԼ˫ϣͷ£ȻĴĺ󱳡
ʱǵĴѾ˲ԶѾˣҪŶ椿ʫʪ·ŵӣ˿˿
ǸϽ洬Χ£洬ҲϽ˿ԶԶš
ҶĴ£ˮӻʫ޵ʳţʼԣؿԡҶһʫϣ˫ۿһҶҵؿ
һ߿˵Բһ߰Ĵ󱳡Ŷ椺ͳ¶Ҳæð죬ʫ޲ֹͣ˿ԡ
ʫ̧ͷٴҶһԵĶŶ椸Ͻ˵㣡
Ҷҡͷָڴβͣ˵ľˣҪȥ㣬ڱ㱧ס֮ˮҸץסǡɡԣλĴţľˣ
ʫ޽һ£תͷšűŵûɢﾪδشҶ⻰㴭ϢǹټС㣬һײˡҲ㿴ӡӡ㡭ݰ
ʫ޸еֵĽңţֻΪײԼԼûж֮£㲻ȥԼʱûֻΪҶۿţ벻һ֮ȻԼһ
ʫްٸнҶ˵ףԼʫѾ˲ҶǰԼĮ̬ȣ˵һлл㣡
ҶšԼˮʪ˵䣬˵ˣӦллţ
ңһлġ
ʫ߹ȥһ¹ŵǰŶʱֽţϽĲС㣬ʹãʹð
ʫлл㣡ţ
Ůɱô˵Щ޴롣
ʫްһö͸ȡŵ˵ҵһ⣬°ɣ˿ԻʮĶϺˮԺ⽭ˣ̫Σˡ
ҲҪҲҪ
һҪ£Ҷ֮һ⡣
ŶǼҲǻ£лˣҲֵǮԺʮĶԺȷкӹˣ뵽һƵǻϲ
ʫתŶŶŮģҲллǣһҡ
ﱧס˻ʫޣҲӦлл㣬ҪңˮӦҡ
¶Ҳ˵ңҲڴ֣ײ˲ģء
Ůſ޳һšãŷֿ
Ŷ椸ղҲޣʫޣЦˣָǰ
ʫ޵ͷһ㿴ԼʪȹŵĽѽһȥ־ؿ
Ŷ椺Ͷ¶ŮΪǴˣͷ̤࣬˴öֻܵһȹĻֻˣ
޼ƣҶѾĳӸŶ椣ϣ
Ҷ洩һ£ȻڽϲÿҲڶˡʱ򣬲˾Ǵڼȥġ
Ŷ椴ϲҪѳ۸ʫ޴ϣȹʪģϣֻ»ᱻ·ʪġšȹϵˮͳ¶ҲæšòˣŰҶ۸ϡ
ʫ޵ĸӱȽϽСҶֳִĳ۴ϣһƵģֻ°ڣʵ
Ŷ椼ԳԵЦʫߺҶϴŵϢԡҲֻĳۣܰʪ͸˵ȹչֳס
ŻŴߣ˰ߣʫڶŶǵĲ£лţҶһۣ˵һ䣺ˡ
Ҷͷ
⣬ڰмĸĤ˺ܶࡣ
ʫԼĳˡ
ʱǵĴſϰšҶ˺üۣкһֵ⣬ղҶѻʫ޾Ǳϴģְ泯ſԼ˫ϣЩԶԶĶˣȻԶУǴµĶˣеýָͷ뵽һֱԻʫ⣬ܻʫ޶ֻǲ䲻ȵģǱʶѾѻʫ޵Լδ£˴ʹΪ˾Ҳܽܡ
ԴûκζҶĸмûҪҶȣʫֻ¾ѾˣԴֻҶȻʫʱ컣ֱ̼Ҫˡ
Ҷеĵ⣬õϰͷˣ㿪ҶĿ⡣


80 Ů
ղҶȻʫ޵飬ͷԶԶĶˣҲһĺ£ҪʫΪˣ֯Ѵ̡ҶĸмҶҲ˼С
һ֮ѾɽŸ˳ء
Ŷ椵ĳ͵ſڣȻ뿪ˡ
Ҷȥ¥Сʳ̳¥˵һỰصš
һ֪ôģҶ˯òȣΰ֮䣬Ǹֳʫ޵ıʪȹĽܻζǰųԵԲ˫ᡣŮҲٵģûһһϵģֻΪһμӪȣֻߣָɴʸһջ
ڶãҶϰɱϰܿϼĸ˳дԼдʣддɱˣΥŮµΪ˺ѵ⣬ͬʱҲָܿϼΪŮ淢ĸ׵ΪΥסĽǣӶ̷ͬд̣
ϰͯ͸˿ΪɣֻǼԿһ£а
Ҷſ͸ξе£֪֤ͨ˵ˡξֱеڣȫʢΪ̰߱ʷְҲʱһξе¸
ʱ򣬿ĶӿҶѧṦˡҶѾͷһӻѧȫ㿪ʼ⺢ӵҲǳĴһһײѧˣȻûҶִԽɵܵԾ˶ǸոѧȴҶٶȺͿݲ˺ܶ࣬ҶֻҪѧһԼġ
ãҶȥһ˴Σ̽ܿϼ
ڽͬ£ܿϼңǰһֻܿϼԭǳùζηѾȻһ£ǿֲϻѾˣϳʪùõĵҲˣȡ֮Ǹɾĵ棬һľոµıӣϴߣ⣬ݽǻһ䣬ոµͰ
ܿϼһɾȹͷŷ٣ݵĹѾһĨˮ֮ɫ⼸Ļʳָܿ졣
ܿϼڴһ鿴ţҶˣϲӣ飬˹һĨɬ磡
ϽŴ򿪣Ҷȥ
ǴĹգܿϼим֮
ؿ죬Ѿȥĸ׵ķأˡ
ܿϼˮĴ۾ܿӿ˾Өˮȹڣӯӯ£л
ҶϽֲסֱһܿϼ΢΢һûаȥһѾɬͷһ使ߵʯ񻨡
ҶĽ֪Ȥ˳ȥֻˡ
Ҷŷſ֣ڴ¡Ҷʲôܿϼɬִ٣ͷŪԼ½ǡ
Ҷȥʱڷǰһˣɽ˵ĸһġ
һ⻰ܿϼԭɬ΢ЦʧˣɿؿҶһۣͷ
Ҷ飬ôˣʶ
ܿϼĮҪҲôĿࡣ˵һˣ
Ҷˣϰ֮ĹϵŮܿϼĻҶó϶ԲɽļʧҶ̾˿Ϸصʱ򣬿óʵǳʹ࣬Ҳ˶ĸ׵ڣҪа֮ģЩ޶˫һ˺
ܿϼͷһҶ
Ҷֿο䣬ǣ
ſڵģҶ¶΢Цܲ
Ȼ֪ҶָԼܿϼĹգõҶĿޣǸˣЦ˵ӦõģӦõġ
ļҶǳ˴ΣصǩѺŰ칫
һᣬ¼ˣҶ󣬱ҶȥҳԷ˵ŪһЩҰζһ̳ԽϽġ괺ƣ֪ҶûȤҶȻֻ֪ΪԼŮʾл⡣˵ҰζƣȻڴӦˡ
ɢ֮Ҷ˱װŻ¼ҡ
ʫ޸ĸ׵Ⱥſڣ޸ʣü䣬ĿʣմЩ죬Ľߡһɫȹ˿ţӯһգгǰ˫ķͦΡ
ԼĵطҶ˫ζȥĵԣɵøϽĿ
Ѿ£ǼԻʫ޺ĸҲμˡ
ϣ¼·֣صضҶ֮ʾлʫֻߴظû˵
ʫ޵ĸûкȾƣ극ˡʫĸ׳ȥҪʱ˵¡
ǳȥ֮󣬻¼¹ֶҶ磬Ѿ˵ˣù˾ǰͬʱҵι˾ⶼֵڿǰԵĽҶС
Ҷ΢ЦνͶұŪôô˵һأȻֻ˳ˮ飬ԼҪġ
¼ƵƵٱƣĺܸмҶǰһˮĸλ־ԼˮŮοŮִŲĸмŨˡ
¼ᵽ˹飬Ҷ˵Ǹ̹̣΢ЦҪι˾ˣҶԹǸУЩ׵飬ֽֽ̡
Ҳңֵ˵
͢޽̣ǽʩͶǮҪʲôطأ
¼´ǰȻһֱµعǣ漰شҪͨɲ֮ϱ·ʵҪϴ´࣬񶼻ǱȽ˽ġ΢ЦֻͶǽϣȴƾմϵɣ޽ˮʯ͵ôӵ򰡣һǮٱ޽̣ҪʹôʯҪȡ̣ЩʯͷҲҪӸĵﻨǮ򰡡˼ҲܰͰɣ
ҶȻ򣬱˵ǹŴ˽Уڣõغܶ඼弯УҲҪǮعģڽϣǸҪǮԼôûס
ͨؽڣҶٶԼ޽̾λõ⣬Ŵ乤ֻţʯǳأܳ;䣬ֻǾ͵ȡġȻ֪˷޽λãǰȰʯɽ£ʱһ޽׬Ǯˡ
Ҷ룬ϢǽǮҪץʱϢ֮ǰȰʯɽȡĻ
Ҷ£ǳĸˣٱƣ¼µмңȫܵΰ
¼һ£ѵղҶԼЩ⣬ֻΪ˿ԼԹǷϤҲ̫˵ɡȻ֪Ҷô˵ֻΪʵ⣬æٱЦȾơ


81 
ԵҹѾ߰˷ֵ⣬¼ʹһӵͭǮҶֵܣлҵŮһ⣬м֮飬һ£
ҶҡͷҴǮƣԭ򡣡
ⲻǱǮǸлСŮ
ʲôԭҶǮƣҶ㵱˹˾˵ҾҪæȻԲΥԭңл𣿡
Ҷ֪ٳؾڣˣ϶ٳù帺Լʯɽͻ£϶ⲻ˸򽻵Ȱѻ˵ˣʱҲͺð¡
¼Ҷô˵˵¾ܿڣлǮҪ£ҶִⲻգҲֻգм־ҶüơȻŮˡ
ɢ󣬻¼½ˣŮʫҶ
һΣʫûϴҶȻҶ·ЩȡҶ֪Լϴ˵Ҫ˵ģٶԼʲôǵľٶãҶȻĹ۸жһЩ仯ڵкøеĵز
ſڣҶ׾Լϴ˵Щ֣˵һ䣺ϴллչҡҺˣ˵㡭Ⱑ
ʫһ⻰ȦˣתĨһᣬŤģȻһЦ硭ֻ˵һ䣬˵ȥˡ
Ҷ𣬻ص˼
ڶϣʰѶɱϰܿϼĸ
ǰһΪĿã֤ȷ䣬Ȼɷϲ˵֮ɱᣬǿǰҶд˽̵о
ܿϼĸҪģܿϼżѺ⵽˴áⲻΧ۵İգһòŮӣ۷׷סܶ˶֪ӣ֪Ϊ˸Լĸ𣬶ѵĸ淢ˡԿܸӣǴͬġ
ܿϼ֮£ΪǳҲöʣֻǰճһ䣺״ĸݣ񣿡
ܿϼ̧ͷ㿴˿վŵҶȻһЦͷ
ţҶѾõдʣҪоȻô˸еԩܿϼԩģү
üͷһ壬ŭ˭
ȥǽк֮˼ڵϹ¡ܿϼбһǸӣȴʶ֪ΪʲôҪԼԩԼʵҲûʲôԩģ״ʱѾ֪ֻǵôԺԩġ
û˵㽫ǩһӣã׶ʮ˵
ܿϼһż̵ϵ̨£ǲǸм
ž⺺Ӵžݳ˶ʮ¡ǺӵӲһԡΧ۵ļȻ˳ŮԩǾ棬˼ˣʲôԩģһ쳤Ĳţ⺺͵͵к
ϣӼ˻¡
ʣǺˣΪҪ淸Ϻԩ
ӵҽвɽǡܿϼġף
һ䣬ʹ˶ˡ
ܿϼȵתĸ˵Ǹϴĸ˽ĸױܿѵĸˣɽҲתͷǴȰ
ܿϼתͷҶҶޱԼ֪ʲô
Ծˣڴͥ׼Ѷ֤ܿϼĸϲơǳ⣬뵽ղΪԩ׶ʮ³ְˡ
ľһģŭ󵨣ܿϼϲƣô㣿
ɽС˵ʵС˸ܿϼĸͬ壬Сһ𳤴ͶϡСҪȢΪ޵ġǣûеС˳ﹻƸռұȳΪˡŵǰһҺģ취Լ˳ڴСҪ˽Ը⣬˵Ժռҵˣģһϱ÷裬㲻ķǿ
ʱ˶벻ⰸӾȻϷԵı仯
Ҳȣ㲻֪ôˣ룬ʵô˵Ϊܿϼǿϻϵģ
ǵġɽ϶˵ԭҲûô룬ڽϼĸŮһӾͿŮܿϼǳҡҲŹӦҵŮûܿϼ״ĸ飬Ҳ˵ڼȻ飬Ҿֻ˵ˣҵŮʹɵˣ֪ܿϼҵŮǾͲϲƵŮҲͲĵĸԣ״ϣǿԵģ˵ŮҪҡֻܻȥ˵ԩİү죡
ɵˣɸ㲻Ҳ֪ô죬һźţ˼Ҷ⡣
ҶǰһڿĶߵȲ˵ǲʵᡣоõ顣
˵գ˻ȥ
ҶĻ֪ôˣһ²ɽò㰡෴мϲƣ
ɽʱ򣬸ȻҪǲţʴʱĳ࣬ġԴ֮Ｋȵʹ࣬ҹɹܵģԵúܲϣȻҲͲˡ
⻰ҲͷȻϷмرҪȽ˵飬֮вþܿϼͲɽռ࣡ã
˵գλУ˫֣ŷ߳˴úš
ҶųһֱǩѺ
֮Ҷڣô죿
ʵղڴϷһĻҶϷʱɽָġòɽ˵ǿϣǸͨܿϼһ̶ϱȫϵڡһɽҪذ꣬ҲͽꡣɽԸĿܿϼ̶˵飬ҶԼ֪ô졣ŵȲɽ˵ǲ˵
Ҫģô죿
Ҫģܿϼ״ĸȻͲˡΪϲƵŮȻҲͲĵĸֻ㸧ĸɹ涨ɱ䱾档˵ԼĸɱĸģԼǿԸ淢ģڽ洦֮С
ȻƵƵͷͽȥ죬֮ᣡ
ǣ
ҶԤ֮С֮󣬱ŻʦȥŴΣܿϼ
ΣܿϼڴߴĳϵļѾȥˡҶϽϲҰ׵ģ۾ģȻոտ޹Ҷֹ


82 ˿ˮ
֪ܿϼлҪҶ˵ΣȻѻʦϣȳš
֮Ҷȥڴ¡û˵ܿϼѾ¡Ҷ磬˵𣿡
ҶҲ֪Ҳ𾪣Ѿҵ飬ģһġ
û˵鰡
ﵱȻ˵ôܸŮ˵ء϶ֻľԵܡԼڴҲ˵ˣ㷸ǸеĹϵǲ˵ġ
˵Ҫ˽ϣô˵Ҫ˽ﲻأ
ҾͲˡʵϵҪģûǿĸ׶㡣Ǿ˭ǲɽӵĽͲһġ
ܿϼҪǲǡҡҾͿԲˡ
һŮϣȻǷǳǿҵģԲô᲻أ
Ҷ֣صصͷǵģҪ淢ϣͲĵĸֻĸĸɱĸǿ淢ġˡ
һϣܿϼԭѾ
ҶһûˣյĶߣѹ˵Ȼ黹Ҫ飬ǣƾҵֱΪû˵ѡֻҪǻԣһܲĺˣ
ܿϼٴӿˮҶȹҪߵͷлл㣬硭
ҶָϽֱ۽һΣܿϼûپţֻɫͷ漴̧ۣҶһְۣѳĽë¡
СŮӻˣرֳ飬ܲĵǸҡҶɵÿóˡ
ΣŻعԼ˼ҹĸ첲Ͻ˼ذ˻
Ҷаʣµͷ˹һᣬŵĻʦҪ㻭Ҫġ̫ƯˣҵĻ̫ҳȥһǺ¡ԣװóһ㣬𣿡
ʵȥõģҶ֮Բ˵һڣΪ˲ܿϼҶиǲɽʵĸףܾͽ֦ˡ
ܿϼԼɵýǺΣ۾գգҶΪʲôĻ̫ǼȻҶô˵ˣǾһɡ֣صصͷ
Ҷͷ룬˹ȥֱӴ۾°٣Կ
Ҷ֮ţΪܿϼһϲҲǼ۾Ƚϴ󣬶ɽǸԲ۾ԱȽСһЩر촽΢΢٣һذ˼ҶܿϼôΪɽԱ㻭һЩ
ܿϼѩúܵλҶҿұߵͷе࣬ԹĳȽԣЩȻҲ룬ֱ̧ܿϼĨĨֿ˿ͷͺöˡ
˵⻰ŷ֣ܿϼѾͨ죬ͷһŵĺ߲ݡԼղŵĶӦˡƤ񣬷ӦҲ죬ϵͱӣţ۾һֱţȥлʦ
˵գҴҳȥˡ
ܿϼһڴߣղҶĶɵɬۡŲҲ̧ͷ۽ǿŵϵ廨ţ̧֪ʲôġһֱҶͷ̧ʦҪ
Ű۾΢΢ţ°΢΢٣ľګ̧ͷҶ
Ҷܿϼı֣ԱŵĻʦļ򣬵Ͻɣ
⻭ʦûмܿϼǰӣҲֽ֪ŵģ㿪ʼ
ڻʦУܿϼһֱҶǣҿҶ۾ӰֻǰĿšʵһһܷܶĸ壬Լڷ˵صСҪͣĵطһҸ
뵽һĨߺ컹Ϯ
Ҷزˣʱɲܳӣ߳ܿϼߣǽߵϣܿϼϵһ鿴
һʫҪϱʱڵʫʡţûб㣬̰ӡˢҲֲܴڣŷѾˡԱһֽдһЩʫ壬ۿֻ棬Ʊܿϼֱʣжһʫдǣ
һдţ
˺塣
ˮﲨðڤڤ
ѡ
ｫľ
Ҷͬ飬Ӧܿϼ֮ǰеİ̾ľд
˿ˮ
ˮ
˿ɽģ
ɽġ
ƳʫԪһʫҶҲԺðдˣҲ֪ܷϡëʸ£ֶܿϼʫ䣬СʫʶˣһܶĿƣв̾Ϣ
ţܿϼҲͽƽǻʦٶȺܿ죬Ϲ԰Ϊд⣬ɫĴ͸ˡȵҶҲʫ꣬ʦѾɣҶ
Ҷȥ˻һ£аϲŮӣȻǲɽ˼ơرΡ۾°͡аԵ⣬ѻԼˣ˻ʦһǮʦƴǲҪǮͻߣл֮󣬻ϲˡ
ܿϼȡͷҶһۣɬشͷҿ
Ҷȥȥˣģһжõġ
ܿϼ̧ͷǸмܿϼңɣλѱ˵Ҫ°ݣҶϽסôֻǱ참ѡˣ
˵գſ̤߳ҡ
ܿϼԿʧڹսǣζǲԼ첲ļᶨֱۣߺᣬۡ
˺һᣬϵʫʼ׼ſȻԼʫ˼֣һһīδɺԣ֪Ҷղдģϸϸһɵóˡ
ҶʫȻдɽˮ˿̵ľϾҶڰʾԼûϣ飬ֻҪŬϣиղѾҶȼϣ˿̱ӵĳȣյůůġ
벻ҪŹأһ۰ԼĴ磬һӣ򸴺
뵽ʫĿڣ۾
һӨ飬䡣



83 ҵë
Ҷ뿪ŴΣȻǩѺͯ⣬׼īֽ⣬ԼŲ鰸ţ˰෿
ͷѶһС͵˵ҶˣϽҶˣߣȥ鰸
ͷϽӦˣ죬ƥǣҶ˵һȥɽڵĿ壡
ͷϲͷģԱ嶼ָơ´˿塣
˿壬ȵ˴ңҲ̣ǲɽԶ塣
Ҷֽ֪֮ʣʼһѯһ߼¼ãҾ㡣ɽ˵˴Сһ𳤴󣬹ϵһֱܣǲ
̴ϵǰߵúܽ˵ʱнġֻǿϧɽұȽϵĸֳûǮβԲŴӦϲƼҵҪ󣬰ѹŮռС檡鵱ʱܶ˶֪ġ
ǲǼһأ
ûУϲ͵͵һҲܶ˶ġ
Ҷڼ¼ʱ򣬰Ѳ̴仰秵ļǳˣã˽Ұ֮飬޿ɺǡƺ˲̴֤һ͵顣
¼֮Ҷûаѱ¼Ϊ沢ûñѯĶҪֱӾò̴ǩֻѺˡ
һ֤ʣ֤Ƿǳǿġ
ţҶóܿϼǷ̴˵˵ܿϼúܲɽʱӣ㿴񣿡
̴ȻϵòɽǶһʱʲôӣû༼ĹŴʵǼǲ׼ȷģֻһʵӡʱӡûУղ̵ĺܶ࣬ٶһЩϵɽҺԵʣɽԶסһ˼ңΪ˵Ĳ̴Ǻ̤ģԶԲɽӡʵûмܿϼѾҶֽŲĻԴ룬Ҳҿ϶ܵղҶ˵ġǶ˵仰ﰵʾҲŵͷͦġ
Ҷ˱ϱ¼д̴ϸϣ϶ܿϼʱĲɽǳò̴ǩֻѺ
֤ݣҶ̤ʵˡ
ţҶò̴ѴһЩ˽ʻбϡ
ŴʵǧĴͳƳʱˣԳԵĶĹ涨ѯѯ˭¼ûй涨̷ܶ¶ѯ˼̷ԼһԼһ¼˺ܶ׵Ļᡣ⣬ѯ֤ˣҲûй涨ֿУ԰˽еһʣҲ⡣
֮ѡûʵ˵ǾЩ˼ɽʱӣͬʱϳɳأ֤ʱȽϿɿǣĴ֪Ϊ͵⣬Ѿˣӡر飬Ҹӣܵ˵ﰵʾϣġ
Щϰʮ˲ΡΡĽнվУҶϵλҽ֮ǰǴĲɽǿҵŮϣ˵˵֪ɡ
һͶ˻ֱӾͿ϶˲ɽǿϣ仰ûм¼ڰʱŵ˲֪ڳ˵һǿﰵʾǲԾشǶȥˡ
Ȼ˵ɽصɽǿϣе˵ɽ͵Ϻӱϴ裬˵ɽϼҳſڿޣȵȡʵЩĿˣֻǣǿᡣܵҶﰵʾ֮ЩҲǷˡǼԼƶϣͰѱ˵óɫࡣ
ҶȻǰЩ˵ۼ¼֤ɽͼǿϵ֤
ţҶóǸЩ˱ϣЩȻûмܿϼҪǣЩ˻϶Ѿۻ軨￴Ҷ׾˵ˣܶ˶˵⻭õˣɽʱǿǲǣ
ʾȻãǻûʲôرĵطǺЩһ˵Ǻĺ
ҶԤϵģȡԼϣ֤ݡ
̴ҶǡΪ绹ҪŰ참ҶʱûгԾơҴҳ˷ǴŴͷ뿪˿塣
һĿ꣬ȻϲƼҡ
ͷȥϲƼҴѶ֪·һ˷ݳǣϲƼҡŷŹϽõ˿ͬʱ˸Ͻүͨ
ܿ죬ϲƱˡһصͷЦ
Ҷ̴̵ļ϶гҪʻ
ϲƸϽȥˡ
ҶôͷȲ춼⾯䣬ѱīֽ׼ãкīñʣȻҲȥˡ
˺ܿ쵽ˡϲһоŸ檣ԪϺһ˼һɱˣֻ߸ʵʵվϲƵ
ҶҽǷ֮ܿϼ״ĸġõʱͻȻһвɽģڹ˵ܿϼռҵˣŮϽռ֮ǰǸϣǿʱѾȥ˲ɽڵĴӿ塣ش֤ʵϽռ֮ǰɽȷϣҲйϵΪܿϼĻǱϣܶ˶˵ͦɽʱӡ黹Ҫѯǵô
⻰һ͹ｽһưˮʱըˣо仰һŮ˵ֻѼӣ߸ǼֱǽѼ˵һ¿ˮޣҾ˵С潸Ǹöһɧ꣬ʲôǿֻԼȥİɣŮҲǸɧ꣡ռҹؾص˼ңôˣŶԭ˽ͨҰ֣˵ѹ֣ޣ
ոսŲõʱϲƾȢϣĳ谮Ů֮ǰϲƶϻǱȽϳ谮ģһֱģҶô˵ʱҲǰҿŮǺĵӣͻռҵˣ˵ǻţڿ˵ûɣ
Ҳôţҵʱ˵ˣҲϣ˵ɧ϶ûٸ˽ͨŮ˵ǸҰ𣿡
ҲҾ˵үô϶֪͵˵飬벻һŮºˣү˼ʮҰ֣ԩɴˣ
ʱ˵ǱȽϱݵˣüҲô˵ˣܿϼ϶үĺӡ
˵ָıӣ֪ʲôèիģô֪ɧ飿֪ãǲǰ͵ҰǣߴŰ
ϣ˶ǻ˵ǳ
Ϲϵһ㣬ֻǱȽͬ˵乫û뵽һñӣﻹ˵Ͻˡ
ϹϵҲȽϺã˵ȴͷΧҲͷСľǸոսûãܳ裬ʱܴûκв²ؼĿ֡
Ҷɫؼ¼ţֻЩ˵ܿϼռҵĺӵĻ෴Ļȴǡ
ͽҵë


84 
ϲƽã֪֮󣬾һֱĥǲɽĻ֮ǰܿϼǲԼĺǴûлɹġǽҶ˵ԭȵĿĴ˵ǲɽϣ˵˶˵ܿϼʱĲɽͷֹˡ
ϲһŮ֮󣬾ʧȥ˶ȤԪӺϣֱԪ佫ɱֻ£˵֮ǰǲɽǿζƿһֱñӵķߺޡϸϸĥ־ŮԼ鲻̫ܡ
Ҷѡؼ¼ЩĻʱҲһֱ͵۹۲ϲƵı飬֪Щ顣Щ֤ѾǵòˣϲƵϽ֮϶ܿϼģ
ʵҶѾ˽ˣܿϼϽ֮ʮºµġܸɽ˵ǿʹеʱǺϣôʣֻΪһ֤ݹ̶ԱΪ֤ʹá
Ȼϲ˵ǣ½ŵģŮáʮ¡
ո˵꣬ԼҲòԾɫЩѿ
˵ҵʱ;ˣܶ˽֮һ궼ûлУһӾͻˣԭǴһҰֽŵġ
仰ϲƺѿݺݵ˶һۣɶһ㶼˫ֲôү˵ʹˣ
ӣλϲүλвû̫ϣǶô
Ҳ˵ҿǹŻϵġôһͻˣ˴ҰֽţбĿ𣿡
ϲŵŵǡԲ죬ļ˵ģŵ־찡
Ƿǳһ෴֤ݣҶ뵽ô졣ӹ˵죬þͲǴŮǼ˺죬ȴδؾһǴŮŮҪ죬ܶ࣬Ūһ˿ڣûкãԲҲһģ
һ仰ڸ˶Թ͡˵ү㲻ǵˣһүҪ»Ūˡ죬ΪѾˣүҪͳѪˣöأ
ϲƺΣȷ¡Ҫ˵Ǳţ̫Ż뵽
˵Щ֮ǰ˽ͨӣΪΣ͹ڳ׵ʹĹɷľƣɷȸȻְѵƶ˵ߣȵµʱ͹⺰ʹһѪ־˸ɾ־ļȥˣһҲǶֽŵģү㲻ǵͺ˺öƣǷŽȥģֻ±㿴͵־ɣ
ϲ컹ǺˣôзѾǲ̫ˣ֮ͺ˯ڶŷ־졣ʱûж룬ڻе˵
ֽ˵үϵļѾˣ㻹ҪΪʲôأҪǲҲɨسţ
һ仰ϲеĺֻˣͷǣܿϼСֿ϶ϱǿҰ֣ϳͼɽܿϼҰ֣ռˣԺ׼̤ռһ
Ҷϼ¼Ȼ󣬰ѱ¼ǩֻѺ
֮Ҷű¼Ŵͷ뿪ϲƵļһصš
ʱѽƻˡ
ſڣſڶģҶ¶ϲɫ˹ִֵ£
ҶһŻλ³Ա߻ΪϴҹԼ׼׼լԺԼĻԷ³⣬Ա߻һӣЦȴʶ⣬滹żʹӡ
ʩ³Ҷ𣿡
³ڨڨ̩ӴĴл¡Ǳ˱ƣִ͹⣬֪ûʱ䰡
Ҷܵһڻؾǿ³˻¼¸Լ˵޽̵飬Ϊ³ñ޽һĻԷʲôӴ壬λѾץ̩羳ڣڽһԼҪʯɽ𣿵˯ͷ
ҶһЦֵһһᰡҺȾƣҺƴǵʱ򰡡
³ǿҶǰ飬ԭΪˣĥôȰ˵Ҷ벻˵ԾƣȻ¶ЦݣʹشӦˣɴϲ໥һۣǳĸˡ
³ЦǾ߰ɣ
ҶаþƳҲˣҵĵطԾƽءǡǾˡ߰ɣ
˷ǳ˵ҶõһҲǰ佻Ϫ
þ佻ϪʵԶԺܿ͵ˡ
ͷ³֮еһҴ󴬣ƺǺ죬ͷЦ
ҶеǣϵĻûбĻϵĻַ糾ζһɬĴãҲȫǴģЩȡ
Ҷ飬³ЦˣһлģģΪҪִ£ִǼˣЩ輧ѾζˣֻǿټĴСϱԾͰҵĲòŮдЩɫרźִ㰡ٺٺ١
ҶлһۣӵһЩӣ¥ŮӣòЩɽҰ档Щۡ΢Цͷл㲻ĵ
лЩܳӣϽЦлִ¿ޡ
˶¥˴գкüʮĻŮӸոշ¶ɬֺߵشҶȫȻû¥輧ּȻ졣
Ҷ΢΢ͷ³лĹ֮£еĳ¡лֽһŮЦҶִ̾ƣɺã
Ҷǰɨ⼸λһۣ֪ǵòģλŮõģ΢Цͷа
ŮǽŵҶߣͷ½ǣҶ뵽˴ܿϼǳģеʲô
Ůɿ̧ͷһִۣ񡣡
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣˻ҴǸߵСգԸ࣬ߴģҲƣһгգһ˼
ۿҶ¶΢Цлϲ֪ѡˣϽĵ񣬻Ͻĸүƣ
һҶϵľƱҪȥеĴ輾ƣߵüˣڼϰһ£ѼϵĹϹյŪˣһء
Լ˻ŵûʧɫֵվ֪Ǻá


85 ʯɽ
Ҷˡû뵽ҶЦ˵ŵ㣬ȻƳˣǻû̫żźȾưǺǺǺǡ
ǼŮϽĹæϵĹϹǰ½ϲ˲ַҶǰĹ
ҶЦøˡ
һƣСĻҶǰ˵Բү
û£Ҳ輾ư
ָԼһƣҶߣмЦЦֵͷ
Сȥˣл³ŷģϽķԸϲˣ˷ֱҶϣ³ĩлк÷ֱ˵̾ơ
ܿ죬Ҳþ£ҶǣвϲԵɽҰ⡢ƵȵҰζ²л³ϲǸˡһᣬ㿪ʼơҲ㲻ݵصմƣϸߵˡ
ҶΪ˵Ȼ˵߲ܣƵɡܿ죬һ׵մƣȥһˣ˶Ѿ⡣ŮӺȵҪһЩȴҲϼͣԳЦ
Ҷ֪ԼԷ϶£ԼҲǰ죬Ҫ֮ǰ˵ˣ˵Լ鷴˽ƵģͲˡл³λҹɫɺ⣬˺βͷһҹأ
˸ϽӦžƺҶ˲š
³֪Ҫ˵飬ȻţЩŮҲ֪Ȥûиȥ
ͷҶҹɫǶǴ𣬼вɣ
æЦһЩǺǡ
ҶֵҶ˽⣬Ǻܺ棬ˣ¡ʯɽӦñũҪһЩɣ
³лӶЦǱ˿ɲֹһЩͬնġ
ŶжĲأ
ֲֻһ£ֻ൱ͬԲصһɵļǮɡʯɽҪǵضβãǾ͸ˣȡһͲˡ
Ҷд󶨣ô˵ʯɽӦòû̫ǮļǮʵʯɽͻ£ȫǾãֵǮ
˶ЩˣҲûϸҶ⻰ĺ壬³ֵǮģȫһٹ᲻ˣ⻹Ϊ߻вľԵʡûľֻ»ҪЩ
лæͷͬҪǺúøǮ½ҹƣʮҲȫ
ʮᣬҲʮԪɽϵľҶ۸ǿԽյġ΢ЦЩ¡ʯɽԸ𣿡
ʲôԸģֵطòˡ˭ԸǮܿ׬ˡ
Ҷ΢ЦǺãǾ鷳λҰĽȫºʯɽ𣿡
³лһ£³ЦִҪʯɽʯ׬Ǯɣٺ٣ʯͷɽֵǮֱȽԶʵڲǴʯϵĺõطҪִʯбЩطõģǿ԰ִɫһִ⡣
ҶҡҡͷʯɽΪһЩԱסˮ츣ذհҩĵġ
һʱҲȻˣæ̾ԭȻǵ̣Ҳòִ·ˡǰִʯɽͱˣǵ̷ˡ
ҶҡͷУҵԸҪ죬ңҪЩʯɽҵĵط̷ǲĳϡʵ˵գذ츣ȻʵҪΪԼ˵˭̵ķ˭ǵ̵ģαҰ
Щֵ̿ЦǣǺãǾͰִл¡ʯɽǡ
ҶǮͰող˵İʮᣬǰҺúøЩ
³л໥һۣæôߣ͡ͶʮˣôǮȫˡ
Ҷɫһ֮Ըղûֱ˵ɽʯɽ飬ǵļǮǲռˣöپǶ١ܰ۸£ҾѾܸлˣҪǮҺôҲ°ѱҲȱǮ
˱ȷõͼҶлߣû뵽ҶȰѼ۸ˣԼҲͲʵ֡ϴõͼլԺҶлߣѾҶȻܾһѵһ٣³£صޣ뿴ҪͽλøǮֶΣûһЩҪܰãҲֺõİ취֮һ
ǣ˶Ӧ˵ͰʮļǮҶЩɽʯɽ
Ҷ˵£ۼ׼˵ǵ飬һøһֽ׵ĸоȥɣ˵գҲˣԼֱص³ֻø˽
֮³ȾҲûж˼ҪǴЩǳɽˣ
Ҷ΢Цͷðʫʸ踳ɽ裬Ҳˬ
³Ҫ˵ɽ裬ִߵλĽ㣬˿Ǵﳪõġ
Ŷ𣿡Ҷ񣬡أ
ָָվǽߵһλŮأ
ҶתͷȥȻһλŮøм󣬱Դһꡣʵʲô
ŮǱҪһЩûôɬǰСŮ㣬ݼү
ţǾͳɣ
³Цִ£ɽǶԳһһŮǲζҪִ¸һ
ҶЦҪ˵ʫҵҲһЩҪ˵ɽ裬ҿһϲͨ
³ףԱߵǺ֣㣬ɽǻǹ̶ģܿͻᣬֻҪ漴ӦԴȰ㳪ܿͻˣ
аҶƤֺȵðЦ
ҶӦˣԽ㣬ҿǰү߰
ݸһЦ
һͷһͷ룬
ᡣ
Ǹ벻ߣ
úͷ
ҶϹƽкãҲŹơ΢Цس
ٲ꣬
ɽ־ͽɽ
ֻд

Ҷٴιƽкãνкôо̾˼񲻼򵥰Է˵ӦеȳŮĸȴٲı˵ҶǰȻҪŶԷͽᡣͷǳҶݡɴ˿ɼŮӻзǳĻġ
˫˼ףֻ˵Ҷ
¶ɽڣ
ɽ˽
Ҫϲң
һ
ոճ꣬ʱһĺЦǼŮҶҶߵҲЦҶɽҪԻأҿûа취ˣԼذɡ


86 æ
ҶҲˣ׸ʵǱ˰ĽԷõ˼Ҳ֪ɽ鰮ֻ˵˵ѣľͶԼ˼˵ҪԼԳ֧Ҳᰡ
³ֺõ˵ҶʫѣݵһӶˣ߲ʫݳʹˣɽ軹ѵִ𣿡
лҲǰ׸ﳪģԼأǲܰæġ
Ҳǰүû壬ôľôء
һ⻰ҶһƳʫġ֦ʡҲ룬㿪ڳ
཭ˮƽ
ýϳ
ճ꣬
绹硣
ֻǰеġɡָĳ֣֦ʱصصʷʱģ⵱ͷдģɽ貢ûʲôԲͬͨ׶ɽǹ̶ģԱȽϼ򵥣ղҶѾˣȻЩǻƵģһİǻ£ȴǳرǧŵһ䡰绹硱г˫þӦ˶Է׳˿
ǺнкһƬ벻ҶȻɳһɽ裬ɵһʱˣȻ˻衣Цһƹȥ˵㣬ˣȾƣ
㵹Ҳɴ࣬ӹһںȸˡ
ֵү˵ˣ˵үû⣬ȴģ
ʱߺҲ˱ģ׷񣺡ѾͷЦţЩñ᲻£ֺȾˣرҶͰףһɽ裬ҲͰǰĺºɬ׿ˣҶǰҲ
лæֹҶȴЦŰ˵ء
ҶͰҶ˵裡
裿Ҷһ£Ĳ־òԣŴЩִ裿Źȥһֻ֣ŮҲΧһȦʼظ衣Ҷˣִ裬赸ȽϹ̶ܿѧᡣ
Ⱥ˵Ĺ֣Ҷ棬ҲǴһֱֵҹŽ
³Ҷִ£л˵źǻƻŮ
Ҷ֪λлҴλһ϶ǸЩļؽԼ˼ҵഺϽҡͷˣһ˵ŮӺڴԼŮͦģԼȴʹˣ޽լԺȱһЩıķҪԸ⣬¡
ķ
ִ̫ˣ³Ȼ֪
ҶҲǺˣѿڶģһţ˵ǰչլԺǲŮȥɣԸµģǮÿһǧģ԰סǴɨϴɶģչҾˣչ˰չҵ
Ҷô˵ҲΪеȻԼûжǮٽޣ׼֣ټϽʯɽ³۲׬ȡǮǴ·ǰȻһӻЧ棬Ǻһ̿Ͼ׬ǮլԺռƻҪ·ݲ깤ҲûǮ֧ķĹʡҶԾġҪ֪ʱƳһҲ߰ģЩɽôǮһҲ׬
³лûиҶ˵ıķôһˣҶȥ˺ð죬˾ʲô˼
лæԭִȱŮǺð죬ҰǼ͸ִ¾ˡ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ңǡ
С˼ҵĿŮлЦ
ôһ˵ҶˡƳļΪ֣һū澣ū֮ģŲӷɲϣν˽СҲ˵ϣūһ˵˽вƲǣūиɣλҪһЩԼ˽вƲҪǸ˸ء˿԰ԼеĲתøˣҲԷΪҪԼűЧ
νŮǲŮҲ˵⼸ŮʵлӵеĲŮȻдȨ
Ҷһţԭ
лϵˣС˾ͰǺǼԼ͵ִµĸ㿴𣿡
ҶҡͷʱҪôࡣ
ʱź
Ҷ룬ԼסĵطҲû˴ɨǸҸķˡаҪǮ
ҪǮִ£СТС˵ĸˡ
ҪǮҲҪ
ҶתҪߡлϽǰЦúãȻִҪǮǺãǾͰһλᣬɺãг۾ۣҲƭִ㡣ִ¿ʣҪ˵ˣ˵
ҪԱһ֮ˣ϶Ī˼ҶҾÿ۸ˣԷģλлȴҶÿ۵ˡΪǰʯɽͻµ֪Ҷ̰ǵıˣҪǹ˵ˣ֪ˣֻ»֦ǿ˵ʵ
һԵ³Ҳǻ˵û˵ٻ
Ǯ൱һԪ۸ѾߣҲʡҶͷаǹҸǮ
õģлæӦˣ³
³ϻ⣬ҶСĻһС£ִ
ҶȻ֪ǲƽ޹ʵظⳡģû˵
³˵ȥ
Ůæ˲ţ³ҲųȥˡлҲߵſվš
³ѹСЦҶ̩ץˣҲûλлΪֱǶĴˣ֪ܵǿǰĴˣܲܰæ˵һ仰˻µġѾ汸һӵͭǮȻִˡŮǮʱ۳㿴𣿡
Ҷļְſڵл˹˵Ļϣס
˸Ͻͷ
ҶһҪǮǰڣǽҪ𣿡
˲֪Ҷʲô˼ֵ̿໥һۣ֪õͷҡͷ
Ҷл˵ڶҿ԰˵飬ǣֻǸִ£˵вҲܱ֤
֪лæ
Ҷžƾһ£죡˵ʱ򣬲׼죡
лϽͷ˵һ䡣
ҶˣҰ˵飬ǰǵضεĽʯɽͻ¡ʯɽ²ǵģ˵˿ܲ㣬˭˵Ҳ㣬ÿ˵˲㡣ԣ飬ְֻ໥æıˣ죡СǮһҪģӦô죬Ӧ͵ҽʲôû˵Ҳû


87 
лֵ̿³³ʹһɫæӦаִµİš
лҲϽͷúãִµġ
Ǿͺã˵ļ򣬵ԺԼֵˣǵҲԺҲ
ҶȷģйᣬԹһǳעعϵᣬָĹϵڹٳ̳ʹͨУŸֵĹϵʹİ£йϵҲûйϵðö࣡Ҷ֪һ㡣룬ԼȻٳǸָĹϵҪġһ֮Ҫܰ£ΪԼˣԺ¾Ҫöࡣ
˱ҶôһţȫƮƮϽȭ磬ԺôԸСһհ죡
ܺã
Ҷصͷתš
վ¥ݱߵŵġлϽʹһɫŮϽǰһһСĵزҶ̤壬´
ȻлԸŮҶһǸں棬Ҷš
ſڣۿҶЩɺлæ磬ȥϢɣҲˡ
ҶҲǣ˽ʯɽµ飬ܸˣϼɰɽŮɽ裬ˣԶ˼ҲѾ߰˷ֵ⣬չ˵ȻáͷӦˡ
ڶŮĲ£ҶصԼסжı죬ȴֻһŴŮ˵ùܣǴ̡˰ҶЬ·ֻʣ£ϴǺñӡ˲ԱߵĿյ˵˯ˡ
ڶϣҶľˣۿ˿ִµĿյصĵϣӵ崿Ů¶ԡѣԼոµѾߡ
¾ǣոŮͬʱ˹ѽһҶһۣ໥Թô˯ô˻û𴲡Ҷû£Ǻˣ̰˯һᣬҲûʲôġ
ŮϽһ̣һȥˮҶϴ
ϴϣҶ˵ʲôûУլԺҪ²޺ãɣǰңȥһ¼ң
Ҷ뵽˳÷
Ѿ˵úףó÷ΪҶ檣ҲƣȻٶô˵ˣԼҲҪǻ÷ֻٻ᲻ˣԼ£˻Է硣ǿ鷳ˣ˵ˣԼҲϣһҡ÷ĿǰµǸլԺǲģʱסȵԼլԺ޺ˣһȥ
ǣҶŶŮţ˳÷լԺ
÷ѾˣڶԾױ˵Ҷˣϲ⣬Ͻӭ˳ҶƯŮӣЩֵ
ҶԳ÷ĿŮѾõġܲѾͷ
ţҶֶԶŮܳ÷λǡš
Ĳ֪˶Ůôг÷
÷Ͻӹ΢Цҽг÷ǽҽˡ
ΪѾ˵ˣ÷ֻҶ檣ӡȢ֮ǰǲ檵ģԣͲ̣ܽҲǳ÷ĵط
÷óҶŮǣ˵ϵǵǿŮŮλҪһЩ⣬ǵѾ߿ǵһֵҶĻġǰȵ˵ֵλã濡Σˣʲô֣
ŮΪ÷Ҷķˣ˻ֵ̿׼¹ݼŮģ벻Ͱ͵ػشˣҶ
ҶʵǺῴ˵˵ģʫ޺ԹҪԭԣ÷ԶŮҶϸֳЦݡ
һҶԳ÷ʽᵽס𣿡
÷ϲ˲öŮһԣȥ㱧סģ㲻ң
ҶסΣȻģӭ
ôأⱾӦļң÷ϲ÷š
ֻס£ҵլԺ޺ˣǾͰȥ
÷һ˵ǡȻԼǻϲæĵͷ̫ˣ
Ҷû㰡Ҷˣ
÷ȥ򣡡ֻһѾ߽÷˶ʱûҵʵĳӣԷ͹
ͬʱɣ
ҶЩ֣֪֮ĸĸлҵĴһ˵ʳġ˴СĸѧȻѧһֺóաɴϲǺãԺǼҵĴ
ŮæӦˡ÷ҲܸˣǸصΪǲԼɶûСõ
ǣ÷ȥ˵㣬Ҷͳ÷֮󣬼ȴվţҲһԣŮȴôϡ˵ǳٳԡҶҲ֪ա
Թ緹ҶҲൽõʱҶȥţ÷һֱ͵⡣
ţҶǩѺͯڴɨûһռ֤ݣԼ˼·
һᣬˡҶЩ죺㲻ȥ鰸ȥ𣿡
Ѿˡ
Ŷô찡˵˵
Ҷſݣȿ£ҶѾܿϼȻǲɽŮϲƵġЩռ֤ݡ£óԼռ֤ʣ˿ǰ
Щ֤ʣĨĨͷ亹һȻΪ֤ݣǣЩĵֻ²ôΪҪԼ鷳ˡ
Σúܺãӣɣȴȥݸţӷ㱨Ͼ̰Ҫֱоͷֲ֪»Ⱑͨͨ
õģҶҲġõ֧֣ܰã⣬ԼһҪ֪ˣӦûܸ˵ġϴξѾ˵ˣҪԼѰãɫ
Ҷȫڣŷɡſ˳ݸá⣬÷ٺݸ˾ξ¹˽ûǡ
ҶһμӷܣԴϴΪ·ӽŵǮòڴ¥ǰ̨ʫѣݵһӣӷܵĶĲʫܣ֪λĲĸ׾Ȼݸķ֮ҶЩԼܣԷδظҶԼ֣ҪץԼʹŸԼСЬҲǲܵ顣رڿԼ֮ӷԵĺעضԼüۡ˵ȫ֪еԣʮֵľӦԡ
㱨ɿԽСЦܿϼ״ĸЩ仯ӷܡ˾ʾΪȽϴæӿܻ漰⣬뼰ʱʾҲûü׼ϡλ˼¡бҪǻȥ֮ϰϱݸ
ӷûκα飬ֻÿЩë


88 ˾
ȶһԼʼ㱨ϣϵ̼ϲƵԪӣϲִüϵϵŮܿϼ״ĸɱˡؽϼ϶ɱ֮¹ϲ䡣Ѿ˽̡ܿϼΪ״ĸ淸ϣɵ̣ʵռࡣʱȴ⣬ڵĿɽͻȻܿϼԩѶɽܿϼϲƵŮϱ֮ǰǿ󡣱ְش󣬱㼴ã˵顣飬ж֤֤ɽȷϣᱡľٶͬʱҲϳܿϼʱĲɽϲƼ伸Ҳ绳ܿϼϲֻǿû֤ݡ鱩¶ҪϳͲɽܿϼš
͵ӷܺ͹˾ĸ⣬䣬ƺûв죬ԷġŵΪԭܿϼǷȴҪش󣬹ʴʾ
ӷüͷһ壬һ۹˾˾⣬Ȼ״ĸ淸ϣӦΪҪ
һ⻰Ҷа̾Ϣݸ˾ǿ൱ʡ߼ֹµĸԺȻʳ֪ķ⣬ֻӦɹ涨ϤҲѹ֡λӸλİ죬ֻҪǩֿˣ㲻ĿԽʡͻȻһ⣬֪еĹ涨ֲýʡȲѯʣȰ£֮ٶᣬûȻ˳֪ʵϸ
ΪӼҲΪôйٱȱȽǡҴ粻磬ҲϰΪˡҶϣǰߣҪȻһȺäй֮참ǲ˿Цá
ҲɣȻǰҶѾ͹صķɹ涨Щò׼һҶЦӷܶ˵ɱְִҶģλɡ
ӷһҶ¶Щ΢Ц˾ƳλӰĴˡʫʺܲʫѾݿʼˣη
ҶЦЦûнĻ£ֻǵӷܹˣšطֱӽ⣺ڸλ˼򵥻㱨һ漰طɹ涨ɡƪʮ涨游ĸĸߣʡνԵ֮ı϶ʸߡ׼ˣǣııҪԼķ֮⡣淢ˣҪ̡
˾廰Ϊ죬޷ôܸԼĸĸأˣ治УǸϣôдأŮŸ״൱ԼҪ̷ģӦͷţôҰٳصЩ̷ɺܳⰡװУȥҪģ
һ˾һñӣŵˣҲ㲻ʲôŮ״游ĸͬĸף̷֮Ĺ涨ҪԼдǲһĴŵҶ
˹˾ⷬҶпЦ룬װĲǱˣ˾ԼĲ㰵è壬ϲƿԼлߣѲɲ˾лߣϲƵĿҪһɣڲˣǹûʵɡдİӣϱϱҲ֪˻ΪӦŽзΪƸΪ꣡
Ҫλ˾ңҶǿܣҪ֪ɹ涨ôǵ͵˽ˣ
Ҷ꣬ŲȽһд⡣ûǹ涨ڷߣΪ׼ߣ׷ҲǣŮĸ໥ˣŮ淢ˣͬڷĸĸԼȥףͬʱֹ涨δߣԭҲǣֻҪﻹûаˣ𡭡
ô˾ҿǸ
˾ӷܴ˹˾Ļִ°ѻ꣡
ǣ˾æ
ӷ֣ܵûҶм˾衣ӦѾԼгڲԼԼһ˾˾Ըǻհ죬ʱ򷴶һ㣬Լѻ꣬Ӧһı󶯵ľҪӷܵĳǸֻҪȹ˾ɲ
Ҷǽŵɡƪʮ涨ˣɱ˶ߣ֮Դӹɱ˷ǣڹ˺͹ɱΪģֻУɱ˻߹˺бַץɱԷģ׿ɱﲻرǸִûӦԲ⣬ĹɱûΪ׶̡ˣǲŶозݵġ
ҶⷬһҲ¶΢Ц
˾һ£ƺһ䣺涨𡭡
ûҪԼġɡȥҶȻҲ͹ȥ
˾һӷܣӷޱ飬˾̴ӵȥִ½
ִ£ҶһѵǸʷץĵȫʢǸִңŴ˾ͨɣΪҲܾǹ˾ǰЩǣӦ⡣Ȼܸȴƭԡ
ִӦڵԺܿˡȻǵξԭִң
ǰʩվӷߡ
˾ѾִµǸõҵִ£ΰ
ڵȫʢץ֮ûãûȴǱӷܵˣҸûȸкףõҪݸţȻҪͬ⣬Ҫ֪һģһ԰˵ˣÿЩáȻӷڳû飬϶ҲģֺαȥƽڨڨаְȻûʲôġ
ӷתͷҵִ£ɱˣ̣𣿡
ҷɿҶһۣҶоеĲ졣ţְȥеĹʧɱˡ
һ⻰˾֪Ҷûת˻⣬ץһ⡣ϵ԰ϲǹɱˣǹʧɱˣʧɱôеģ
ޱɶƪʮ涨Źˡɱ檣Źˣɱͬʧɱߣۡǣӹʧɱ檵ģ


89 
Ҷһۣ΢Цִ£϶ǹʧɱˣʣʲôǰ֤𣿡
õʱǵξִ£ɱϵİľڡҸе뵽ҶĻҪ˵ʲôǣ˵ͷûбѡΪҪҡͷĻһʵΥȻûпڣǾͲʵİ飬ղ˵϶ǹʧɱ˾ûݵĲ²⡣ԣȨ֮£ֻܵͷ
ҶŵҲ㿴ӵľڣΪӱ͵ʱ򣬵ξûбʷҲǵȫʢִ£ȫʢǩӦþ֮԰ɣȫʢ̷ͬдʣԹɱд̵ġǸʱΪʲôݸִ£ȴֳ˹ʧɱ˵ˣ
ޱҵʱǹʧɱˣȫʢҰչɱддǹɱˡ
Ҷһ㶣Ǽٻȫʢȫңĳ˵ҵǵȫʢ벻СӾȻƤһЦûйϵǹɱˣǹʧɱˣǿڲϾ֪ˡ
Ҷ˾ڣʬϣߵвͷ沿һֱۡʣʲôĹʧγ˺Īǣõļ߸ڣͱߵⲻǹʲô
һޱ飬Щ˿ץϵʱԼײȥġ
ҶֱĿɿڴҪ˵˭ǷƸĵλߵڰ׵ңҶ벻˭ô޳ܵġȻԼڴʱʱҲϲˮ죬ȴҲûеߵڰ׵ĳ̶ȣ˲Ҫ¿Ϊ
ԸֲҪˣҶʦҲˣûлңһЦԼײȥģҲ˵ڳôĿ֤˵֤֤һֱϾһͱʹʬҲܿúϲֱǰ桢ͱ棬沿һ棬һںֱǰۺơҪǰղ˵Ӧǲر任ȥײļˣңĵͷ沿Ŀ֤ϵʱַռСָ࣬żģϺϵһôײȥģײ֣ǷżǳģôײļȥѵվŲҪȻܵϺȥײ𣿡
ЩΣ漴ָֻ˫ץʱң˵ġ
ҶЦԼĿڹôͣһֱԼΪżͷһͱҪɱɧꡣԼǹɱˣôﷴ˹ʧɱˣ
ɱֶҲԼȳɱˣġ
֤ȷɱˣͨ˵ξ֤˽֮󣬲ŷġˣ˵˳˵һ䣬˾Եξ̰һǳעֱ˻㱨ͬʱָʾһҪȫϼʷ׵˰ṵ̂ˣҪһ鵽ףϢȻִǵȫʢִ£ұ˻׵ģСٺ١
ԣɫ΢䡣ͷ
ӷܺ͹˾Ҳ΢΢ɫȻʱҶٰһ棬ִߵڰ׵оͻͱڴ֤ҵ˵ǵȷ̫ǣǿˡⰸҪǿƷֻ½ʷ룬˵ˡ
ӷܱ㻺飬ǺġȻڰӻٳأǾٳԼϰӸղִ½ܵİ֤ҲִͬµĶԣɱˡ˾أ
˾æЦǰǰְҲͬ
ӷܵɱ˰ͲҪ˵ˣⱾҲǽҪ۵飬ǽ˵Ů״ĸɡ
ҶǲѰٰϹɱϣ⼸ȻʵҪýָͷõϲлߵĽߵڰ׵оһ۱һۡǣֱֲӲҲֱӰ̧вҪϸʲôġڰ尸飬֤ݵͬʱٹĵȫʢİӣɵذٰڳöԷףôô滹˶š
һйȻЧ˱㶼ˣת۽⣬Ҳܿϼ״ĸ
Ӹղֻǿһͷͱ˾ˣ½˵ҶǼһҲ˼·ǣҶְǰһ飬͵Ȼƪʮȷ˵ˣŮ淢ĸҪдֻ̣ǰһ֣滹Удǣա̡ĸɱ丸ɱ䱾档λעһ䣬˵Ǳ˵ĸɱ˵ĸģ˿ظ档嵽֤Ѿ֤ܿϼϲƵŮĸϱռ֮ǰͬɽǿ֮󣬻жԣ淢ϣͲĵĸֻǰСĸĸɱԼĸǿԸ淢ġˣ׼оܿϼͷš
ղ˵϶ɱ˰ʱӷܺ͹˾ź棬Ǿ嵽ӣȻҲһ࣬ҶԵĸоǵĲɡ˵ʱҲûһԵҽ˵طԱʵҲûҵֻǵ˵ͷ
ӷܵܲ˰飬ôôȻܿϼǱϲƵŮҲͲĵĸɱĸȻԿظ棬ɱԼĸ׻ÿظ棬ôУʹɱ˵ĸĸҲǲĸ׵ˣٳصдʣȫͬġ˾أ
˾ϽЦ֣ǰǰܷ˿˿ۣȫɵĹ涨ְͬȫͬ
šӷſӾͰǵ˼дˡ
еʯͷŷͷӦ
ӷֵãҪǲҲ׼һ˵ġ
æʵӷкηԸ
һӣǣ˱ݵأֱٳأüݵͨءڻû漰أȥ귢ҼɱǮƵİһֱûƣ꿪üݵͨҲɱٲưӣȶԣַصӷǳƣԣصӺüɽٳصӲơ磬ظ˰Ƶ˵ݸ¡ʱüͨصԱҲҪʱھоӡ
ͷӦ룬ֵһ⣬ǰɵȫʢǣͷģڻݸŴµξû˭ǣͷ


90 ɱ
ӷϳִ¸ִļӻǺܲġӽɱˣȴһֱûưҪﷸʲôʱ򣿻Ҫö޹񸾱裬ڷүӷǳӣιʣҪǲܾư˴ʷУҲԲհ
ҶӷܴĹǻִЩԱҲǹŴ⽨ţִĳЩͣ˵ûʵĻζࡣ
ϻ̳ϿִӦţһĽпࡣѾĥ˺üˣһֱûƣΪѾ֪ٴαϹѵ⣬ĻȽº͵ˣҪǲƣҲ˵ʲôԵԲ˭⣬嵽Լˣֻ²׹ذ
¹ӷ˵һľĻӷܵȴÿϵ̩ɽһѹʷ̳Ѿ򱾹ѯǹٳصɱ˵ĽԪģ˵Ѿռˣȴһֱûн᰸ô°
˶ΪΪԪݸʷСӣû˸ҰӣֻпԼʵӷܽ˵ģ죬ż᰸õӷܵĵͷӷô˵϶Ǻ泤ʷ˻ˡڣӷܷԼӷܽµʱûˣҪƨһڷϣǿɾԼڹˡѾ뵽һ㣬ûѡڣȻˡҪǼʷס²֣೯͢ԼǿɾͲˡ
뵽ͷкð˳һǲ֪ôش𣬻ֵ̿תͷÿҶ
ҶǱµӣæӷܵӻڵ飬ǷǽԪΪҪֻ֤ǰѽԪѯʣûвȡʲôʩҲûʽС
Щ㶣벻Ҷ۾˵Ϲ⽯Ԫɱˣ֤֤ڣ˹ϲ䣬ͿԽ˵ģֻΪӷܽԲһֱŸ̷ûҶ⣬ⰸѾᣬ͵̷̷ûȻҲ˵飬ֻҪǻ飬ʱ䳤һҲͿˣΪ鰸ʵռ֤ȫ棬һЩʱҲġ
뵽⣬һЦϽ͵ǰǰⰸǰЩһֱڵ飬мҪ֤ݻûռܽ᰸ѾˣְʹߴǼӽ참ؾύС
ĻشӷҲ⣬ҲʷиˣͷҪϱ죬ãӲã
ǣ
ۿſ뿪ã˾ŶӷܵԪⰸӣʷǱô
ӷ̸һʷʵ֪ţһֱûйʣͻȻʣҹƿ϶˾кȻ˾ʣӾѹסˡ˾˵ʷˣүҲҪֵģ˭ǣƹʷҲ⡣Ҳû취İ취ֻȥ¡̲취ˡȻʷסӣͲܵˣҪӵİоһҪܸκοʵ
ְס˾æӦˣ˿ӷܣСӡϲƻڵϢأô죿ҪˣϲƲĵĻ
ӷһӣⰸû취ԼǴ¡̲ȥͨϵȥУ׼죬򡭡
ǡ˾˵ϲ͵Ǯô죬ǼӷֲֻᣬҲСȻû£ȴҪӲʻ¸

ݸţųһҶҿ飬ҪȻ
ҶæֵҵְӦõġ
ţ㵱ҵִ£ٰ֮˾ҲǻʶˣȻܲ
ˡ
ֵղӷ˵ǸطļɱӷѾĽ㸺ɣ참ʵѸݣҺܷģҲֻܿˡ˵գڴҶ
ҶæһŬɡ
ţˣ
ˣҶл˳ܶసũ壬Ҫĸ̩Ѿ뿵ϣҲ˰æһ鰸
ڹٳҶʱ⣬ź΢ЦҲĥ£ֻһʱҲûкʵѡҪоúʵģԺҪǾ򽻵ҪõóĲа
Ȼôֱ˵˵ˣҶҲͲĨǣҾӴĴл¡Ϊ̤ʵϸɣӦǸѡ
ţҲ˲Ǻãˣ⣬ѡһĴ㸺죬֪ͨί״ǩ
ǳˣԸҶʮʮӣҶֱӰ£лͻӸж¡
Ҷæֵܿϼ״ĸӣȻǴܽð˷ˣһ˳ʱѺţȥ
Ҷ֮ҪöϰˣҪ漰ԲɽǿܿϼΪԵɣıܿϼ֮ݹϵΪ漰˽Խ֪Խá
˿̶ҶǳĸмΣʹشӦˣȥϷԸ׼á
ҶӦˣֵܿϼʵͦģҪܲ˵ݵ飬ӰͻСһЩҲǰ˼ҹãͷţҪչ˵Ļչһ¡
ţ˵ȥϲдʣҰдоˡ
ã
˵գ˷ֱ˳ٳá
ϰ̷˾½еԼǩѺָʾԪְңָԳа졣֮ڣͽԼöϰڱҪ
ǽп಻Ҳûа취ֻӲͷƤӦˡ
ͬʱҶҵ˵˿ĹڽӴл¡ְ̩ҲûжʣϺЦӦˣŲְ顣
ţҶ֪ͨξе£˵Ҫܿϼ״ĸ
еǰûз̷ֹܹⷽ鲻ǺϤҲ֪һʰҪһ죬Ա㴫֤˵áͬʱҪʾԱڿȴҪãЩֽˡ漰˶ڳûʲô֤ҪãȻæңΪٶ꣬Щģ˵ãԺܿ׼
ܿϼͲɽ˶żѺǫ̃µšΪʱãûˣҶûȥ֪ͨռңϲƵЩŻ˵ˣܿϼͲɽ֮⣬ûˡ


91 Ů˷
ܿϼһ۲ɽҶѾڼεظ˵֤ʵǲɽŮϲƵŮ״ϾͲĵĸͿͷˡ˿̣Ҳ֪龿ôˣԼһСûлȥϣ
ɽܿϼֻҺĺЦͺ󿴼˵ĸŮǳ󣬾ͺվԼǰԼ˽ʱ龰ʱԼһʱͿûдӦһڷһֱĥܶꡣڣʱˡ¶˾ģ˵ۣǶʮ꣬ҪȥܿϼҲĸԸ
Ҷſ˴ãڼ¡ľһģܿϼ
żܿϼѺй¡ѾҶдʶˣ°Ҷдʵܿϼ״ĸɱĸ飬ϲĵĸĸ׼棬淸ϡؽͷţͻؼȥɣ
£ߵϽϵļȡˣҲȡˡ
ܿϼһ£ϲ̫ͻȻһʱ˵Ĵ۾Ҷ
Ҷ΢΢һЦգգۡ
ܿϼĿܿˮӯӯݵлү
мһҶתС鲽˴ãվ̨¡ɽоǣִڵѾõҶĶܿϼǳ뿪׼ⶺܿϼֻ뿪˴á
ִѲɽѺ¡
ɽǿ񸾣ɵͽ꣡ȥۣ
ɽ벻оô򵥵һ仰û˵ǿ˭ȻĽҲԸϵڡòˡ
ɽȻףΪǼǲ׼׵ġҲ˵ˣҲõ̻߼ᴦԻдͽꡣ
ɽѺηߣͻȻ˼ſվһŮӣܿϼ
ܿϼΣһ䣺㡭׵
ɽԼԲ⺢ӵĸףﻻһҲ泩һЩˣȻܸΪޣҪŮΪԼĺӣҲοƽˣһЦͷǣԲ㣬Ůֱ죬˵
ܿϼ£ԸвɽһϧԼุףҲԸһϲĸҸףºݵͷߵ
ɽҲںᣬϽղҵĶ
ܿϼɽĨĨỨû£Ҳʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥˣӦòܿģͷİɡ
ûо˵ʵҶѾȴӦ£õĹգŴͷϤҶѾ˴ͷ
ɽŵܿ࣬ҲǵӦõõġ˵⣬ԼȦҲˣҡҶԲܿˣͷţҲˡԺҪչԼ
ܿϼʲô˵ֻ
ɽǰյܿϼߣ͵͵ռ㲻Ҫȥˣͻ⹫ҰɣǻġУִǸĺˣһҪúллܻ˵ʵûġĴ£һҪ𡣺ӣסˣ
ܿϼصͷ
ɽοЦˣӻ֣߽˴Ρ
ۼɽӰʧڴܿϼĨĨᣬ룬ߡ
ǱѾˣ˶߹ˡյġȥߵлҶģǼҪţŵѰ˲ýȥֻ뿪
ţվ̨ϣĹããڼɣǳ֮ȴ֪ȥ
֪ռѾ׼ȥɽ˵ҲȥǸûůֻпѵĵطǣԺô֪ȥֻаղɽĽ飬żˡֻĸ׻ȥΣΪĸ׺лҡԣҲףڳ벻Իȥĵط
ߵ̨һվţصҶߵлĶ֮뿪
һֱȵɢãڿҶˡ
Ҷ׼س÷ġŵĵطҲͲˡһǮϻӣ캣ղŽĶ𡣡ѾмԤ޽̣иһΪ
ҶȱǮ⵱ѩ̿
캣ȥȻơܾˡǲ̫ģҪȻԿԼ塣
һСӵͭǮСոճţ㿴̨վܿϼ۰ͰԼ΢Ц˹ȥѾƵܿϼʲôԣܿϼ׼µʱסĸ첲Цˣڴҹ²ֹһˡٲҪˣ
ҶůţĳůȻѾߺȴûĲҶԼֳ˻
ҶһԺô㣿
˵飬ܿϼҲռңǺˣҲ϶ҵģҡ׼ȥżҡ
ҶΪĸױϧŮг˾壬Ҳֹ飬Ҳδػӭȥڳûб𣿡
ܿϼȻҡͷ
ҶһܿϼΪĸױԸ˵һˣԼоֻ֮ҪԼæ£һᾡľáȻԼǵ𣿺βʷ÷һˣһһɣ໥мලգ
ҶԸԸȥ򹤣пҩġ
ҩģҡҲᰡܿϼ˵ȻϲƵŮΪĸһֱϲƵԪ裬˶ǣĸŮռҵĴʹӸ߲˶٣ǣܿϼҲֻһЩ񣬱ϴɨɶģȴûֹҩġ
ҶҪԶ֣һ֡ǿؾǰ治ԶµһأǰٽֵĿ̣լԺһ鶼ҩġǣҪһʷҩļʵġīְλòˡͰҸһĿ𣿰԰סÿһǧģɵúԺǡԸ𣿡
һǧģǸ߹ˣܿϼ֪ĸռңһµǮҲֻģֻġҲ˵ˣĻƣһһ㶼ֻģҶܿĸ߼ۣ˭Ķġ
ǣܿϼȴҡҡͷ
ܿϼЩ⣬㲻Ը⣿
ҵȻԸ⣬ܿϼĴ۾ҲҪǮܳԹסˣҵľˣôҪǮ£Ҳҵı𡣡


92 ϰ참
ɵѾͷҶ΢ЦǮǱģڰֵصҵһˣҶǸ˹Ǯģôܲءʲô֮ˣǱ참ѡ㱾Ǵñ׷ģ˵Ŷ㻹Ӧòء
ܿϼǺͣҡͷ
Ҷˣֵأһٽ̣һЩ̣Ҫ֧ģЩĿ㶼Ҫġأæʱֻµʱ㻹⹤Ǯ̫ٻ̫̫ء˵ˣڲǮޣʲôױ
ܿϼʱߵ͸ʯƵģͷ
ȻƼ˳÷ʣҶ׼ȡĻƼʰ취ó÷ǮҲǳɣܿϼʣǻƣ˼ලĸƤܲŵ㡣÷ҲֻΪһα˴ҩ¶ˮ޶ѣжĸ黹̸ϡҲܷĵذҽ
ҶǮȡһǮݸܿϼŵǰԤ֧һµĹǮ
ܿϼҡͷ
Ҷҵģ㾻ţʲôûУܵ򼸼ϴ·ɣһЩƷɣҪǮĵطˡԲҪ
ܿϼ˵ҲȷҪðһЩ·Ʒмؽ˹л硭
ÿġ߰ɣȥأ
ҶܿϼԼǿأٽֵ̺סլѾµػˡΧǽһĿյأѾ෭õˣɵģƺԭģӦǴ˽
ڵæµϺҶһŮӽϽ˹ֶˡҪȥأѾŪˣԲˡ
ҶˣһᣬȥӡһСһƬʵ飬ɹȫ֡
á
ҶܿϼϺֶϺܿϼƸʷܿϼԺصճɡ֧ɶģֱǵլԺ޺ˣǾͰ
ϺϽӦˣܿϼ
ܿϼȻҶǰɬ˵ǼȻҶѾϾԼŬɫˣϲԺʱ򽻵ϲɲҪ°
ϺæֵĻʲôòõģʷָ֪ʷҪְλҶܰҪְλܿϼ˵˹ϵһ㡣ԼȻ˵Ҷ壬ʵ˶֪ǼٵģˣϽֶɲҰԼڳλϣҶԶһڶҵʷ͵ȻҪֺˡ
꣬Ϻְһ˶ܿϼ档
Ҷܿϼ˳÷סϺҶõӾͻȥˡ
ʱ򣬳÷ȥ˳һ׶߲ˣ֪ҶҪ׼˷ʢһƲˣ׼ҶϲմơҶʱ򣬾ȻһŮӡó÷ɵõɴ۾ڲҶʲôˣЩԴףҲûа취˵ϣȻһϲ̺ӡ
Ҷ˫Գ÷ܿϼԺʣ㸺ǮһãҾͿԷĵĵҵ˦ƹˡ
÷벻ҶȻһʷ˵ԼظоҶԼЩĲΡȻ⣬ԼҶȻ˷֮ʵԼʹֶεģĸ黹̸ϣ֮ǰҲ˽⡣ĴҲġҪ˾ƼֻҶҲԼǮҲãһ˼ලĿôҲ˵ҪȻ˻˵ĸ顣
뵽÷Ȼˣȵܿϼֱۣó濡Σһʷǿĸ
ܿϼ֮һֱ֪÷ܿϼĹϵҲ˵磬һ˫Ĵ۾ֿҶ
÷Ѿ߹Ȼ³ԷȻı֪Ҷͳ÷ܿϼˣѾһź򣬵ǳˣʰ˲ųԡ
÷ܿϼס
ϣܿϼůĽСڱѾʷееĿɽסܰլԺһУġ¶ģֻҪ粻ԼߣҪú£Ķ顣
ڶϣҶŴͷſŵĳݸŵáѾ˺üݸŵĲͷѷݵġһۣһۣһ²졣ʹͷƺЩ˺ϤǰкָҶ˽ܡԭ۵üͨصĺˣüݺִ£ĪǸµǸصĲͷá
˫ּ֮¡
ֹһᣬӷܺ͹˾ͬһλֵĹԱֵĹԱһ࣬Ǹݸ߸ҲǷЦĵı˿Ρ
ȻҶԼ˶ʶ⼸λҶߵĴͷҶмǸֵģݳʷǸüݵ׷ܡ
ҶӼۣǰԼСɱ˰ѹ˴꣬ų͢ǸʷǴ֪Ǹ̰٣ȥ֪Ļ£
˷ֱ֮󣬹ʷɨһˣգټң·ݺüصҼɱٲưӷǳĶӣүǳĹעرίҵδ˰ĶͳЭأͬ˰
Ƴطֻ൱ʡĽϵûӦ֯ϵϽʮݶһʮءЩֱ루͢ģǣϵıд󶼶Ҳ൱ڵĴ󶼶ĶҲǾ˾Աһ㶼ΡϵĴ󶼶㡡ͬʱδ󶼶ڵݵݴʷʮһͳϽȨڣ˿ﰸҪɴ󶼶ίιԱ帺Э˰ơλʷܴ󶼶㡵ίУ˰Ƶġ
ʷ˵ΪĶͳҪԱƸ𡣵ǣ嵽ƣپͲ̫ˣҲûиľȥܣԣղűٸӷܺ׷飬˾Ӧȷһ帺ذƵЭͳãݸŲͷѷذҪ죬ʾٳִҶΪؾðĶͳֱ򱾹ٻ㱨
Ļ˵꣬еĿⶼҶϡ
ҶҲ⣬ôԼƵϰ참ĸָλϣǸղ˵ģȻ˾˼
˾Լû¶ĻᣬŻԼͷ
ʷֺ΢ЦҶոյοִ²ãɱֶɱˡл߰͵ȫʢ̰˲𰡡ˣǾãǵȻЭͳѡΰ


93 ʵؿ
Ҷ뵽ⰸӰô㡶߶ȹעҪƲˣǲǳͷǶˡתһ룬˾ͶˣԼǸֲʲô٣Ҳ¶ְٰ
뵽⣬Ҷæ֣
ܺãǾôˡ尸ƣټص顣ǾͲˣ˵գ֣ȥˡ
ӷܵҲ˳ȥݸŲͷѷҶ⣬Ҳˡñֻλִ¸λͷĸˡ
ҶҶӻϤλ˵һ£
üִͨĪصòͷص˵һ°ɡ
òͷӦˣصӷһǰһǷسһԽñ˼ɱ͡ûǽãҵ﷢Ѿˣ֮ϵֳѾܶ˽ʬҲᵽ˴ϣ·֣֮ŮӶǿĺۼš϶ַǳײУ˵ŮнΣǶˣǱߡѯʱֳŴգһӦ׷ͨ죬ûзκõ
Ҷš϶ͨ׷Ӧܴ书֮˰
ţĪͷҲƵˣ⿴Һ淢һӸ˵⡣òͷ˵
òͷ˵ֻ˼죬ַһ󰸣ΰڶɽĶ
Ҷһɣ
ǡòͷһλʦ̫ݴԷʬ壬ȫ㣬ǿĺۼͬҲǲӱšϡӦ磬ΪԷҶ˯оûĴңĲݴԵطʬ壬ϵһ̴鲻ˣ˵ֵǮӦǱˡ飬Ů书ܸߣѰʦĶ֡ɴƶϣӦ书Ůᣡ
ҶҲһ͵Ϯ书ԵһЩģҲԴﵽĿġ
ĪҶķ΢΢Щ죬ִ¶书
ҶС󣬾˸̣оͰһЩԱǿĶ֣õľʾöԷԴ⣬ȻͻȻϮһƵУԣľ̸֮
ҶЦЦûлش⣬òͷûзֱ
òͷûСӡû¡ӣǸ֡
ҶֶԴͷ˵˵صӡ
صӶȥסڴһһũũΪڻûлؼңȥʬ﹡Ĳݴӱѵˣ·ţǿĺۼҲǲӱšϣϵǮƱˣֻʮǮڶڽǵС·ϣһũǣҲǵڻûлǼȥңһֱҵڶڰ·һεĴʯͷ淢ʬ壬ѵˣ·ƵӴǰһǿۼҲǲӱšϣǮҲˣʮǮһݳӷƶڣ˼ɱַͨصĲࡣҲšϲӶͷϵͭѾˡܸһЩ
ҶǺãǾȽ濴һ°ɣ֮ٷ顣
òͷҲûпٳصӡǱһݾڿϲ࣬ʬʬ֮⣬ѯʱ¼϶һЩΧûʲôָԡ
Ѿڿ֮ҶûסȻѧģҪоŴʷرɣΪʦԵʣԶ԰ȽϤǶ԰ƣͲˡ
ûԹ⻹ûмȻûʵʴ¹ƣǿӰӾ绹С˵ȴǲٵģִĸ߿ƼֶȻԼᣬûУҲ漰ֻܴӴͳַˡ
ҶĪĪִ£ǲ鰸ˣ˵˵жϰɣ
ĪʵӷҶΰЭͳܲˣһ󱲵ָȻǲʹġ˵λִ¸ǰ̲ٹϵܲҲҶҶ˵ʲôֻڣҶܿһԣܴӣȻܸˣҾãӵİӦһ书֣ĺӷ򿪿ļַרҵܿһĲɻԣǱԽϵţǣ뻳ɶˣ飬ûʱ䣬гֵ֤֤ǲֳԣӾͷһƷ׼һķΧŲ鵱صˡ
Ҷͷͷôģ
ӿǳͷʹݸӷܳ˺üΣеҲͶ뵽ӵУûʲôҲǴ书ǿֵ飬Ŀǰе˶˿֤ʱ٣ûʱ䣬ųˡǻ˶أǿѲҹһ񡣡
ҶǰƵɱֶΪȷķֻʹһܹݡץϸ˽ͨȻ˳ϣɱ˰˵ȫʢܻ߰⼸ӵѶȲ󡣰취ҲԼ򵥣Եһȫµİӣﷸ֪˭ַַǳûʲôˣԼҲһͷˮ֪ô֡
ϸǰԼӰӾ磬ЩӺĶȴӿֳʼҵν˿Ȼ˳ϣǸݷֵ˿ȷƷΧгصˣŲ顣ԣҪƣؼľǷЩ˿
Ӹղſռûκõͷ룬ȥµһΣѯʣķ֡
ǣҶɣһȥֳٽһε飬ѯʣô·֡
ĪҲĥҲûãͷа
ǣ뿪ãڴͷĴ£ǣǰһӷСӡ
к塣ȵ˰ֳ쿴ΪͷǵõϢʱʬѾ̧˼ˡֳʱǸݱ˼¼ģʬ﹡Ӳ
Ҷվڷʬĵط¹ȥˣѾκκۼվ﹡ϣĴ˿ҰܿԶһС·ѶԶũũڸ
ĪƬ̣ĵطױײﷸѡĵطڴ죬˵ﷸǳͬʱҲ˵ﷸܿǵûŮ˱ﲻסˡȻûǮȥҤ㡣Ӧõһ´ûеˣ
ҶһǵƷΧӦڱ͸ӵĵˣ书ߡȻѾƶͬһΪ˿ܾͲǱ߸ˣΪӷڲͬĵطԶȻҲų˿ˣЩطȥ˳


94 
ĪҲɵģѵصܽʦϣûʲô֡
ȻˣǾͰĪִµ˼·ɡһ¡
ҵ˴˵⡣ǵͷʶͷǻʶҶִ֪֮󣬺ǽţæĹּ
ҶϱɱġȥϼҡһӵܺҶ֪ġ
ӦˣҶϼҡ
ȻϲãɷѾһӡ˵ǵǰ޵İӵģ⺺Щԥ֧֧ġҶ⺺ӵǸֵĺ֪Ǿڣǰʻ⺺ˣ˵龭
˵һµأһظɻһط˿ڵʱһصңȻûлҵͷڵȴˣҾʹУû˴Ӧҷ﹡ݴһˣ͹ȥŷһңѾûˣԿŤ˼ϣѵϥŻˣĽкΧѾûˣû˹ҡֻðѻҵĿӴãܡĲӶˣԿǶŵģˡصңŽ˴ȥñŵ˵ˣԵ˵ڶ磬ŵˡ
Ҷһ۴ͷ˵ӵ棬Ӧ죬ָ˼Ҫǵ˵棬ֻ»ѿԱ㲻˵ˡ
ֵ񣬻ôͷоĲ죬б⣬Ժ飬һҪʱϵҹҲҪˡ
Ҷ룬ʵ㱧һȥʱ彩ӲûУ
廹ûнӲѾֱˣ䲻ôֱֱģˣҼǵú
ҶɱƵʱѧҽѧ֪һЩķҽ֪ʶͨʬʱ䡣֪ʬһ֮Сʱʼ֣ʮСʱﵽȫֻ֫ʬ˵ʱСʱҡҲ˵߱硣
ڵɱũҲ湻ġ
Ҷʣǿظ˭ҵĵأʱµ𣿡
ͷɼҵĵءŵѾʹˡ
ͷһæ˵ǰʹˣʱڵʲôûпҲûҲûзʲôİˡ
Ҷһһ¡
Ͻȥͷɽ˵ŵǸӣܽţΪŲ쵱ˣ˺üŷų˭ǵʱڵɻһɾһ죬Ȼص㻳ɶ
һҶл²ͷͷһӱ˵Ͽͷүûмɱֻڵæɿ֤ܿҵġ
ɱûôŵģǼͷҲ˵ϣ˵ǰϴѾˣһֱڵ˵أüңҲüǿ໥֤
ͷһǿһ
ǵʱץǵԭ򣬻˹ͬɱϡһ⻰˾͸żˣŵûɢһؿͷ˵ԩ
Ҷһ֣ʾͷҪ˵ˡʶ˵쿴ûУ
ˣҲڵɻǸɻĵطȽԶļľ롣ԣû˵
һοʲôʱ򣿡
˵ûע⣬µصʱ򾭹ڵû˵ˡֻæԼ飬ûע⵽
ͷٽʱһţΪʱҪ򣬿ԶԶǱߣȻԶǲ˼ҶһġٺҾûעˣҲ֪ʲôʱ򱻺ġ
Ҷа룬˵˵ʱȻҡԼƶǺϵġҶʣڵб𣿡
ûˣ죬Ҳڵæֻǣûа취ٲӵ뷨ӣǿɾûˡ
Ҷüȥǿأܶһ޼ʵӣ˵ҪǾԶʩӦܿġǣΪԶǶרԼũûзԶҲпԭġ
Ҷʣʱû˾
ûע⣬ûעⰡ˵
ͷҲƵƵͷ˵ﲻǴ·С·Ҳǵߣƽʱûʲô˾ģµصˡ
ʲôʱȥģ
̫ɽʱһߵġ
ûзֲݴϵʬ壿
ߵһ·ûоһ˵
Ҷַһᣬûʲô¶඼ǰѯʱ¼¼˵ģͷ˵һο飬ڱ¼ûм¼
ĪòͷҲһЩ⣬ûʲô·֡
꣬ѾˣѾ׼緹ֻҶһֱûпճԣϾʼԷ
ϯ䣬Īòͷ˴һЩﵥ飬ﵥǲ٣һһ˵ˡʱõĲ췽Ҳûнϸ顣ǣĪҪ£еĵĪòͷѶʡЩ˺ǽţһ磬ûʳʲô
Ҷص鷽ûв룬ҲûֹΪԼϾûʲô참飬ĪӦˣֱǶԵġϧ취ûв
ۿ̫ҪɽˣĪշ˷سǡ
ҶҪ˳Է˵£˵˵ڶһȥŵ飬סĿջȥˡ
Ҷس÷ԷͷǱ֮Ҷ÷סߣ߳Զӭ汻סˣ̧ͷһϲʦ̫
ǻǣʴɮ£ʩ磬ϴԼ飬Ѿ쵽ʱˣǾɽȥɣ
ҶҪ˵ءá˴˵ڣһطԷ㣡
лǸҶݾ¥һҶҪһ磬Щ춼ǴģҲԵʳýϴϴθ
һЦһۣȻ˹˹ĵӳ
ǲȾƣҶԼҲһ˺ȣرǵ˼ҳ˵档
һᣬҶʵǰЩӣǶǲǷһ
΢΢ЩԾǰô֪ģ
ݸľҾ帺ӵơ
Ŷ
ܸ˵˵𣿡
ǵͷҵʦ壬㡣ʦĹŵӣֻҴ꣬˺Ưϧձ磬˯׼ȥϾûп壬ŵҲ˵ûмȥǴҽˣĴѰңӲݴҵʬ塣ңӶšˣңȫ㣬ѪϵķҲˡҪץ֣һʬΣ


95 ɬ΢Ц
Ҷ룬ǾãӦʲô˸ɵģ
ɻǶȻ˵ǴǰɽԵ˵ˣüݳͷһӣһ࣬ҲǼɱѲӸšˡַɱʦһڽĴ̽ҵûУļɻءǾͲ֪ôˣֻܿǹٸˡ
λ书ܸ𣿡
ȻʦĹŵӣȻʱΣ书Ѿõʦ洫Ȼ书ʦΪڵġҲΪˣСʱ򾭳һ֪֮ҿ˺ܶ죬ҲĴѰҲɻûҵ
ҵȻûõġϴ˵ȥɽϰʦˣҵʱһֱĥɲ˳뵽ٸȥڲˣûǵ룬ҲҪ϶ɽġǻҪһӣǸɱʦַ̫һİӣǻͬһ˸ɵġ
Ǹɻ
šҶ컹ҪӣҪһ죬طҪȥֱȻȥȥüݲ鰸϶üɽǸɱɽҲ˳ˡ鰸ͬʱҲͰǵˡΣ
ãҴڰɽӭͤǡ
ãɽȾˡñ˲ɡ
ҲԣҸʦ˵ã˽˵¡
ţ˵ҶҶһ飬Ƕݳвٵ׼ҵ𣿡
ǰ
ܸܲһһԺģڵסŮӣֲ书Ҹ϶üڼңһл˴⣬ɾ鷳ˡ
а룬׼ҵһϷ򸾣еĽϻͷŮĽԬʱһ𵱹ʦʹ˸һҴ󻧵ԺģǰЩǴ󻧵ĶӰӵȥˡҲû¸ˡÿԵ˺ֵܲ湦ѰʦǶ֡н顣ӦëӦ֡
Ҷ΢Ц㿴еˣԴˡǺãھͿȥ˵˵ҪͬˣʹҶ˵Լס
߳Աģʱ򣬻ЩɬʵҸڹķôˣ
ҶЩΪʲôһ˵⣬¶ɬ⼸æҪʱʲô书㺬˵аɡĥҸʱ俴Ӧ¡
ô˵Ǹɬʲô׵𣿡
šаɡҶǾ仰
Щؿһֹۣ
극Ǹˡ
Ҷص÷լԺյſڣ˽ͷһǻԷ³ӴλлҶ㹰ʩ񣺡ô
ڵȴ簡ЦҾлѾѽʯɽͻ¶ˣȥ㣬ŷ˵㲻סˣ˵סˣŵ㣬˵ȥ˻ûлǾڽֵȣڰȻˡٺ٣
Ҷӣ˵
лЩʯɽҵһԶݵģݽܿлؽȥˡר㣬ʹǽʲô⣬ҲҲ㡣ʯʲôģ㻹ԶݵˣҲ鷳
ҶԵͷлļƣֻҪһʯɽͻǾʩرĲϣʱֵǮˣ׬ǮЩԭ˿϶ﲻƽ⣬˵ҪۼǮڣһԶڽ˵Щɽ£ԭͲȥңҲֻϵùˡҲͲҵԼġ
л³óһǩԼ⣬һѾдԼлλԶݵġѾǩˣ͵Ҷǩ֣Чˡ
ҶǼ䣬дԼ֣ȥ֪ͨ÷ȡʯɽµǮ˶ˡϴ캣Ԥյٽ̵һֵĶЩǮѾ֧ɽʯɽǮˡ
Ǯ壬³մȥʵؿ𣿡
ΪеԶ컹Ҫ鰸ûʱȥҵʷȥˡ
Ǻãһӡ
ҶֵлӦýлѾ浣̩֪ͨ㣬ʽίѾ⣬վͻ·
л벻˿ݣϲ⣬ϽһأлЯ
Լֵܣ˵˵Ҷ΢Ц
л¡£ҶֵλþͿճˣҸ㣬ѡһˣ͵šλúҪҪɫѡŶ
лǾϲӣڸһ飬Ͻĸлﰵ¾ģԺҪúðͽλִ£Ľ顣ⶥɡӾͺùˡ
˵һỰŸˡ
ǰҶҪǮǣ÷û˵ˣ÷ŵɣôЩʯɽʲô
Ҷ΢ЦʯɽȻǲʯϰ
Ŷ÷ܶŮ˲öʵͲҪڡȻҶ˵̫š
ҶһԺڣǰ߹ڸ˼ҵԺġ˽ܵģǵŷͬʱλԺǼŮҾͲõˡ
÷ϲðûиˣҪʲô飬˵ģˡ
Ҷܿϼȥʯɽͻ£ΪԺҲЩһύǵġ
÷ӦˡҶѾԹ÷ǱڵģȻˣǾԼԡ
극Ҷܿϼͳ÷ڿġҶͻ룬Ҫһ齫ͺˣǿԴ齫
齫ƳѾֻ֣ڵ֣ܹҲֻʮţƾšҲû齫ĳƺԶŮȻ
Ҷһתȥüһ¡
ţͷɵģ齫ҪһЩҲšʱֻǣֻһƣҪǺȾƵʱõġҪĻֻܳȥ
ҶԸ÷͸ϽѾ÷ȥ򼸸
⹤Ҷ㰴չƵĴСóһƬƬСֽƬֽīԻ齫Ͳӡӡ֣ж硣ơװɶġõʱѾ÷ѾѼˡҶָ£ŮһְҶõֽƬ˹ϡ
֮Ҷ㿪ʼڴ齫ĻڵĴ齫Ĵ򷨣齫ѧѾûöãŮˣ㿪ʼߴϤȦѾȽˡǣҶһǮָŮΪʣʼʽơһʱҶǹˮӮĳ÷ܿϼ㶼ӮˣֻҶһӼŮ¸ߡ


96 ĲƬ
ƫʱ򣬻ǴǿһԺϻͷˡҶæŮ档
ϻͷ޴ʮӣܾ񣬿ξ֪Ӧò˽֮ˡҶϻͷǰԺʱĹǮ΢һЩϻͷ޶ܸˣʾһĽƽ
÷ǰסֻŴơŮӸոѧᣬºܸߣҶĸ˴򣬶Լһָ㡣һֱ浽ҹɢˡɢʱҶó÷ʱ¶һ齫ƵĴС񱡶˽ܣǰҪ
صңȻʱˣǳ÷ǲҶһӵߡ
һ磬лǾˣҶų÷ܿϼѾ÷㣬ϻͷĻ¸ǰʵز쿴ʯɽͻ£ҶҪǰѾص㷽λԬѾ񿴼ҡ
ǣҶŵһᣬĪˣǣ˽ŵǼɱ
˵ڶܺڵĴӡҵܺ˼ֵʵز쿴ּɱܺ˵ĵطһӴͨݳǵͨĴ·ߣΪ·ǸǵҪͨ˿١ʬĵط·ֻʮಽһʯͷ档·˵Ц־Ȼѡĵط˵ֵΪ˱̬ĵز
˵ڶֳ֮Ȼûʲôµķ֣ǣȴҶ׷ķ˸˸ʶҲ԰¹˵Ҳµ鷽
ǷسѾʱ֡ҶһԷĪʼƴǣǿҶ飬ҲʹӦˣΪҪ참ԾûкȾơ
Թ緹ûϢ˵ӵܺ˼ҡ
һҵĽɱˣһ޴ƣһֱһ˵ͷĴһҵʱ򣬻ظֱܵ顣
˵⣬һ˭Ҳ˵ߵүү͸׸ԶǽǣͷĸЩãĨᡣС۾ǣ֪ʲô顣
󣬻ߵүүȿˣ̾һŮһ磬ıҪȥ߲ˣȻȥг컹ûҪ죬ҶˣǵķŽĵعţȥšûҾʹĺ˼ҲûлشҾò̫ԾȥҶǵķšϱ֮󣬾ͱ˴ֽһʱͻ赹ˡҶӸϽҾȥ㿴ŮѾˣ˶ǹģŮڵϣĽֵſţһ̯ѪŮڴϣֻŴڴ£ҲѪ
˵⣬үҲ˵ȥסԴصؿ
ĪŴǹŵ𣿡
ߵĸ׵ͷǣǺײģҲǺö˶˵ģֻзһǶ϶ǴӷġҿŮ
Īʣô𣿡
ߵĸҲˣҲ˰ģЦӭˣʲôң
ûʲôŮأ
ŮˣȻЩռ˵ˡ
˭һ˵
ߵĸĸпܻŮ˼ɫǵʱҶЩΪȻΪȻѾ϶һ̫ǳʱһܺ˸ȤģԱȽϴ󡣲ҲȫųĪ˵ֿܡҶ˵
Ī֮󣬶ҶȥһЩ˵١𣿡
⻰̬ЩǶһö˲̫Ҷ룬ֲҪʲôЭͳҲʲôĹְҲǸʱˣôġ漰أҪͬЭСѹѹͷĻȻ΢ЦĪִ¿ˣȻûⰡʱЩˣҪֱȽ϶࣬ɣȥΧ飬ǼѯǼˣٺúðֳ
УĪҲ˵òͷˡ
Ҷߵĸĸ˵һǸԵס˼Ҿ̫ãסһûԺӵСƽӣĸУСһסģұǽסģүүסߡ⻹һľ׷
Ҷұ߷ǰŽ
˿䷿ӣߵĸĸסŮĸҲһľ壬Ǿûʲô춯𣿡
һҡͷ֮ǰĲѾʹҲһֱڻ䣬Ŭô쳣춯ϧûС
һҶеǳ⣬˵ڼɱˣھסǵĸĸȻûһ㶯ƺЩ˼
ĥߵĸóԿװѷŴ򿪡վſڣȻһ£ȴŵһѪζʵû
ֻǰѪɨˣûжһǰһŮ֮ⷿһֱţΪÿεſڿﶼҪޡ
Ѫϴ𣿡
ǡˮϴˣȻϰϹ
Ҷа⣬ˮϴˣȴŵѪζΪһֱرյԭ򣬻һԭ򣬾ѪҺӦúܶ࣡
Ҷʣ˼ңŮ˺ܶѪ𣿡
ţŮûж٣ֻм㣬ǶŮĶࡣһ̲
жһ̲
үӶڵϣȻһ¡Ҷʱɵˣôһ̲ѾѪˣŮӦöǴŮƴкܶѪ˸÷ĵһΣֻǵġǾֻһֿܣǿߵĴѪܣ
ҶڵϺʹϲõʲôûз̧֡ͷַѾ޲ˣµӡܺع۲쵽ĵط
Ҷһӣڷϣȥ쿴
ϵֹߺܺڣ壬׼һյ
ܿˣ˵ӿñȽˣΪϷӣϵĻҳܶ࣬ļвԺۼЩҶʱǽ˷ܣѵǴ˵е˿
ȵȣ᲻޲µģͷߵүү޲ˣڷ޻ޣ
¶ˡ
ҶʱͷһҪЩۼп޲µģǾûκˡ
õϸ۲죬дһ
ǣٴˣЩֻڻҳϵĲԺۼûСЬӡûʲôָơ
ɥ׼ӵʱ˿һСıԵƺʲôճڱԵڲһСԺۼŵ۲˺һᣬһСԲСĽεĲƬ
ô⣿
Ҷ۲˰죬۾ˣҲûпǸʲô⡣ĴͷһŰֽǶȡá
ûзʲôµĶ֮ӣ֣Ī߰ɣ
ҵĪˣǻ֮һѯʣûκν
˰ڽ˵顣


97 Ƕ
Ҷ죬ǳǰüݣ飬ȫٵһ֮Σ
ĪǶٳصӳϣģԼٿһĻӦ֡ϧûСԺЩɥҶ⻰üͨصѾȥĥ˺ܾˣûκη֣Ҷǻôµķ֡ɱûκͷ
Īͷһ
˵գòͷˡ
Ҷص÷լԺѾˣţҶӭûҶ˵÷ͱԹ˵ɣǶЩʲôڽߣ·ҲûУ·ȥŶˮˣʯͷϳʯͷʲôûУҲǣûмЩʲô
Ҷ΢Цͼֽ𣿡
ˡ÷ͼֽݸҶ
ҶùһעúȻڽˣⶫšԺõġ
ôã÷ĹĵɽҰģѲץҰð
԰ץҰãץ꾫
÷ʱߺһԱߵܿϼҶһۣ˵ʲô軰
ҶҲЩ˼ϽԷҶˣ
ڼѾѷ˶׼ˡԷʱҶʣ齫𣿡
ûУô죡ѾԤˣ˵á
ǽֻܽˣ
Ůһ⻰ֿ֪Դƣʱ
Ҵҵĳ극ڿ齫ŮҶһָս
һֱɢˡ
ҶԳ÷ܿϼҪȥüݲ鰸Ҫܻ
÷ϽѾ÷Ҷ׼ҰֶʣҪҪչ㣿
ãȥ참ȥɽˮдѾ߰참ġ

첻ҶͷĪòͷˣǰüݡͨվǰУҹҲ͵üݳǡ
ڶ죬˱㿪ʼ鷢üݳǵİӡ
ӸٳصİӺҲǼɱһԽáͬǣٳǵǼӣ˼ңһԽãȴüݳһҴ󻧡ҵʱ£ͳԾơЩʤ±Ȱƣһطһơһ֮󣬷ǲڣ֪ǿ϶Ƕˣȥǣû뵽ŴաͱƴֽҲһ˿ңǿĺۼϴĽָˡֳһһ˵ƶ
ҶеεǣʱլԺܶ˿ͣλģ߶ƵӣķĸڣǾȻûһ춯ңݼ˵ʵûкȶپƣֻ¶ںȾƣԲˣͶ㵽˵ʱӦûҲûе˯ӦѵġҪɱѵŮӣڸ˳ԾƵ£ģؼǣƷ룬ѵ˿
˽⣬Īǲμӵıģǰѵʱвμӵ˶һ飬ȴûκη֡Ų˼ˣûз֡󵽶Խɻĵ飬ûз֡ͷ
ڶһ磬Ҷĸ˶ɽ
һֱɽɵǰͨȥʱҲǻǵʦʦ̫ʦͼʦԳӭҶһȥȵط֣λʦ̫ȻǸȴİıֵúܺãϼơ˵ҲǱֻǣһֲŭĸо
վںţҶ΢Цдżɬ
ʦ̫Ƚʦ壬Ҳѹǰŵʦʦáʦ޿ʦʦʦλᶼһƣȷʵĿ磬Ȼ书
ʦֽ̫ʦáֱǶʦǾʦ̫ʦˮʦ̫ʦʦ̫
Ǿʦ̫鵭Įֻǵƺʮ֮󣬲ûж˵ʲôʦ̫̬ǫЩϰԵֺõ΢Ц֮ҲֻǸЦ˵ֲ̫˵
ˮʦ̫ȴǱȽϽ̸ʺҶ֮Щ԰ڵ˵ݳƶǾȥģȥʷϣʷ¬ء¬ƶܺãݵ֣ƶӴءǺǺǣ
дβסĵ⣬ҶЦЦ벻Ҳ׸Ƶˣһǰ˵ʦʦʦ̫ġҶӻ֪λȥǰһҵӣСһǱܺ㣬ڣֻĸˡ
ʦ̫Ҷӭ˽ȥŵƽʣ˿֣֪ʵ֣ʲôϲ𣿡
ǰ֮󣬱Ҫ˴ѡǼλϾӭ񰡣
Ҷ˳ϣӦðҿǴûп˴ѡѵõĻȻͣǾʹˡ
ĪһڴӦûиЩ죬ڶɽаҪãҲ֪Ҫãһǰĸûʲôֻаϣһ棬ҪҲûϣֳͷˡˣҲûгԡ
ʦ̫ȵ˴۱Ȼ¡ͬ˵ģʦá
ҶɽҪǵµ㷨ʦ飬ܸǽһľ𣿡
ʦ̫̾һѾˣҲ˵ˣҲЩûʲôģȻҪ˵Ǿ˵˵ɡ磬ûоƶȥңûҵĲݴ﷢ʬ壬ȫ㣬бǿĺۼǲҲ֣Ծͱˡû뵽Żûץ֣ۿܸʦñƶǳܡ
˵󣬻Щʡʦ̫Ҳŵͷ̾Ϣ¶ݡ
˵ЩҶھѾҲ˵ûʲôµĶ룬ȥʦ̫ĵط𣿡
а
ʦ̫ҵסһĺԺеݣǰҲǵʦסĵطߵ᷿Ǽҵסġסףĸסʦ̫
ϾҵӣǼȽϿ׼䡣
ȵ棬һЩݣʬ嵱ʱԼĺݴ
Ҷվڴ棬ϥӲݣʵҵ֮һ书Ӧòɣ
ʦ̫ǣ书Ǽ
ʲôʱ򣿡
һԵĪ廰ѾʹˣԷ֮ȻһظԵķݡ԰ɣ֡
ʦ̫ġʱǾڸԵݡ
ûʲô춯𣿡
ĪְŻش𣺡ûУûκ춯
ҶתͷĪִ£ز˰ҪԼĻشлл
ĪһͷŤ˹ȥ


98 ̹
ʦ̫æûκ춯ȷˡ
ҶƬ̣Ƕɵ书ڽҲ쵱˰ɣһҵӾ汻ɱȴûκ춯δ̫˼˰ɣ
ʦ̫϶ɫʦ̫书ֻǿ壬ֻĩڣҲ뽭ͬȼ硣
ʦǾʦ˵ԣǶɵ书Ȼ˵µһ˸ԳµһģȴҲӮʦõ϶˰͵ϮԲСҪ͵Ϯ书ܶˣҲƷ书ǿߣ˭Ҳûа취
˵书δزƷ书ǿģ
ǣ
ҶܣЩ׵ǣʦ̫ö˶˵ܵʲô
Ǿ˵ӦڱĵطƷˣȻŪεĵطǿģЩĲмƺҶ벻Щġ
ʦ̫üͷ΢ȴûгֹ
ҶʱǲǶǸһ׼䣬ǿǱΪʲôҪ
Ǿ˵ȥôҪ죬汻Ʒ˵ģҲͲ˵ﰡ
ǣʱ·ȫﰡѵǹӳȥ𣿡Ҷϸӵֳ飬ʱʬĵطûߵ··¡
һ⻰Ǿʱ֧Ҫ鰡
һԵĪֲ廰ҲŪǻﱻƷѹ˴ӴŪݴԣڲݴǿġ
ֳ飬ʱĴǽյİֻзڵġѵƷѹ·ӿŴӴųȥŪݴǿôʲô±˷֣
Īһɵ㣬Ҳơ
ǾֵôƵģ˵ٳغͨһɱˣʲôģ
ɱѾֵǷ꣬˽֪ˡҶٸЩŵʦ̫ۣʦ̫鷳һ徲ķ䣬ҪһЩ顣
ǾȥʦõӰɣ֮һֱšӿܸã
а
Ƶǰ棬Ȼʦ̫˾͸ˡ
ͷϷţмԲ¡
ʦ̫ܼӣһһԲ齣ǽǻһһ˸ߵľͷѾ̳ˣǰʦ̫Ѿ˵ʦ̫ǰѧ֮ͨ⣬ڵ̣ﲻ̵ֵģһƷӦǰδɵƷ
ⱻ˵ӣҶЩɭƺܸо㻹߶ƵġϽջĿ⣬Ҷ̸һԼĿӸôƣ
һʱ䣬˶û˵
󣬻Ǵͷ˵ˣҾãһҪþͺˡǣĿǰּɱĶûʲôɣֵصũҲд˼ҵĹ㣬鷳ˣöذȻüݵǼɱ˵İӣϵĽΣܻܿȥߣǿε֮صطţ߻ͼЩƹĶšһ٣ץס
Ī˵ѾˣһʼеĿߵĵط˲أһǳƻ֪һУûߡ
ͷڨڨмȻУǾøô
òͷһǰĹ۵㣬ڽɻ¹ǰĲÿ©һ£ҵµ
ʵĪĹ۵㣬òͷִԣĪҲͷǰҲģǰҪüݷΧҪݡҪǻϻüݣüݷΧĲɻеˡгص֮󣬰и٣´ʱץ񣡡
ҶҲûʲôͷ룬Ī˵ĵҲδǰ취Ҫûжɽ飬ʹӦϻȥˡҪʦ̫һڣҾöɽʦ̫εһ뿴һ书֣ȻԼķ汻ϢļɱʱôڣһǸ֡ڼڶɽ۲켸죬ʲô֡Ҳ˳һǵ˴ѡʶ
Ī룬漸죬ʲôҶӵЭͳľСľĪûа취ӣҲԼ㵥ɣϾһݵؽе飬ҪûҶǵЭþͺѿչ
ǶûзԣҶҵʦ̫˵ǵľ
ʦ̫Ц̫ˣǺԺֻʦõǿյģʦȻҲǿյģǲ㰲λסִסںԺλסǰԺĿͷɡ
ǰԺĿͷǸõģȻûкԺãҲĪҲסһ˵ӣ˵شӦˡ
ҶȻףʦ̫İΪԼܸһ𣬺׼Ĵѡ׵飬Ȼ˵ķЩ𣬵ǻûзԡϾԼѾӦ˰æģְæӦͶұ
ź֮󣬸ԻطϢ
ˣʦ̫ɽķⲻִûȤһ°
ðüһҪúһ·羰ġ
ʦ̫һԼĵӻǡˣͷһɽߡ
ٶҶɣô£ôö˶˵ľ죿
ʦ̫˺ɽʵɽɽ岢ûʲôصĵطֻֽ䱸ɭϵľ䣬ʦ̫˵֮Ҷ֪һɽ壬ǻʦ̫һĵطɽ嶸͵ɽ£һɽУֱж죬װεʮֵĺ϶źձ̺Һܿһͨɹڣͱڡ
ɽһʯţǵͷͨذʯŹϡʦ̫ڵһ£Իǵǽȥɣ
ǵѾһ첼ߴҶһۣ
ҶĪ֪ҪԼȥۿߵһʯǰһƣʯȻӦԭ滹һʯݣ
վڶڣתͷҶɬصͷȻҶ˽ȥǰʯֹˡ
Ҷһ£һңһſľб죬ҲһͨɹĴͬ¡
Ҷס㣡
һɵ̴ζܺš
ǱȻʼ·ˣɮѵ洩°ɫ£ҶľĿУҲѵˣ¶׵ĽıӰ̵βûлͷɬ˴ûӣڴϥӡҶĿڵСԲ˫ϡ


99 ʧļ
ֱʱҶתͷȥøɬ㡭ǡ
Ǳɬؽ˫۵ģ⻰۾Щֵؿ㡭·
ûԵ޹ʵİİҶԷһŮᣬʦڡ꣬бԵɣԣŮ½ҶҲûжһȥŴİƣô£˵˵𣿡
ǴȻ뵽ʲôʱͰʣ㡭ѵûСûҸġڹ
ڹѵ޵Ǳڹйأ
Ǹ书ŵģֻΪæҲû̫Ȥȥʲô书ԳṦ֮⣬ûһϵĶûз˿ô˵ˣžΣϽĴӻǱСӣһʱɵˡ澹ȻһŮ˫޵ڹķ
ν˫ޣŮͨź书һַţҶڿС˵벻Լһĺ£̵֪ľǲԲ˯ҲҪȰڹ˰
ͰͶԻǿЦҡҲ֪ҡûҲûп
ԭߺʱò԰һƬ˴Ͻİɮµǰ㡭㵱һ㶼û
ûаٺ٣Ҫڿˡ
ǲȻһЦҡͷˣ˵գҵذ۴ϣͷš
ҶԼһ⣬ϧûкҩų㿴ʦ̫Żǣ˵֮ͻȻ̧֣һĶ⣡
һɽ
ʦ̫һһΪԼʦٺ٣Ҫ֪ûΪʦҲ룡
Ҷʲô˼֪ԼǻˣϽȥʦ̫ʦ̫㲻ҪԼƭûȴ˵ˡ֪ġô£ܸ𣿲ɽʫ˫ô£
ʦ̫תͷҶˣӣƶæʫҪʩչذʫʴҵĶ䡣Ҫʩչŷ㹻㲻书ҺеõⱾ˫ؼͨ˫Ѹʩչ⴫ˡǣ˫Ҫʮ죬ʹѲ·ʱ˫޲ܳɹǰʮɽԭ򡣾еѲС˫޲㹻Ҳʱ԰ӦԿֵܳķǣû˵ûӣ˫ѾҵĴƣҪܵش
ǰˣǴѪ˿һȻʦ̫ûмעȴǺܳʦô˵һ¹ڵϣͷ֪ʦ𷣣
Ҷ֪𷣾᲻ˣԼģϽʦ̫˵ҵĴ벻Ҫˡǻ룬ذɣ
ʦ̫ΣŻֻһ취Ǿƶʱ䣬ķΪͨζ澭Ȼǿעڣǣʱ̫ˣ죬֪ܲﵽʩչҪĵزֻܿ컯ˡ
Ҷ취ðȻǺαǵأϾǳ뵽ҶаԶλʦ̫ЩΪ˶ȡ˵λӣȻϧͽܵ٣Щֶˡ
ʦ̫ͨζ澭עҪķҼĹʱҪ书һֻ¾ûʮʤˣ
Ҷʱˣ˵Ҫͨԣһʫʣ书Ҫܵѡʦ̫书ǿģʮʤ㣬ҪûаաԲҶסҪΪ˸Լͨķ̫ĹȻʹ书ۿۣԭаյ书һͱûаˡһʫʤҪǰˣ˵λֻ¾ûϷˡ
뵽ԭѾʤȯյľΪͽܻûаãʦ̫ϵŭҶһãϽ˻Ǻʦ̫֮䣬˵ʦ̫书ʦ̫ģķ˹Ҳаʤǰɣ
ʦ̫û˵˰Σ˫޿϶ˡѡѾ֪ͨȥûа취Ƴ١ֻܶһˡʱ䣬ͨȫһעõĹˣҪʲУڴͨȫǾûа취עͻṦܴɡı˳졣ֻܿ컯ˣǿʼǣ滤ٳ⣬Դ
ɫҰ׵صͷ
ʦ̫ҶֽǸʯݣʯŹ֮ʦ̫Ҷ·ѹ⣬ϥ۾ϣ
ѡ·ҶͰ͵ʦ̫ҪԼͨ·ʲôѵͨҪͨݺٵķʽУòĻݺٵû⣬λʦֻ̫Ѿʮ˰ɣҪζҲ̫ˡ
ʦ̫뷨ͨûκ赲ȫë׶Ҫſ͸Ҳܴ·
ҶΪʲôҪۡȻݺ٣·ҲûʲôܿͰ·һ⡣ҶСʱ򾭳˴ܣһֱǳעļܽʵؼʵһĳɾֳ֡ǳĵǡ⸱Ҷǽʦ̫ĿҲڴ壬Щ⡣
·ڵϣȻϥ档۾
ţϸϸ·ۿһ£뵽һʮŮ˵Ҳûʲôÿġ˵͵Ҳãɱ۾
һᣬʦ̫˵ҪʼˣܻһʹҪš
Ҷͷã
Ƭ̣ͻȻоС类һƵģʹӴһһӱ۾ˣÿʦ̫ȫվǰָС
ȵǣʦ̫ȻѾʮڳ䣬ȴǳĺãһ˫ԲͦΣû˿´֫ϸβ̣ͦ޳Ҫǵ壬Ϊֻжʮꡣ
ָϽ۾ϣԲ̫̫ʹˣԡ
ۣ˵סʦָ̫ɣžҶϵšÿһΣҶеһƵġֻҧšܣʹҪǿöࡣˣǼζʹú˳
ּ尾˲ʱڣʦ̫˵һ䣺ˡ
ƣ
ҶоԼζĵطʹ̵ģǮˡ֪ɣ


100 ؼ
Ҷһᣬûʦ̫·ʦ̫㴩𣿡
ûشһ飬ûлشСĵһ죬龰һһӰ۾ȫˡֻʦ̫ڵϣȫˮ̳Ƶģ˫۽գʵ˫岻ͣ
ҶϽ߽еʦ̫ʦ̫ôˣǣʦ̫赹ˣ
ʯűƿˣǳ˽һۿҶ׳壬һϽŤȥ
ҶæץԼ·ÿطת·
ʱŷ֣·ѾʪˣԭΪʹҲһĴ󺺣Сˮһ㣬Ѿŵ·ʪ͸ˡ
Ѿûа취ܴܲõɮ۰ɣֻܰʪ·ϡ
ۣתڸʦ̫·ʦ̫ӻţָϽתȥֹһᣬƵˣתͷǲʦ̫ϥ
ҶЦºã˶̹ˡ
ֹһᣬʦ̫ӡȻȥϢʱ򡭡㲻Ҫκ˵
ҶãİɣͽúܡŻǣֵˣúչʦ̫
һҶȻ糺졣
ҶҲЩ˼ղŴ۸òСõ壬һݣϧԼĺûᣬֻҲûˡ
Ҷ뿪ɽߡζ廹ǺʹرߵʱֻǰŲò׻ص
γ÷׼˻ۣóȫʪۣڴ˺һᣬŽָˡʱѾɽСȥԷСá
ĪǼҲˣһԲõһǣطһŵĳӺͳʡǽƺʮǼȻڳ¡
ֹһᣬֻ洫һŮÿÿϡˣСţ
ſڵøϽÿ㿴һ׳ŮᣬһľͰس˽ϡľϡ
ҶһľͰϡˣ࣬ôһͰϡ̧Ȼһ˱˽Ҷ̾һͨĻŮᣬ书˵áǶɵǸư
ͬʦ̫΢Цкڹáĳ书պϣ
ҶǾȣϸһۡŮᰫ׳׳ģһڣûйڹáƺҶһۣȥˡƺλŮǼֲˣҲû˾̾һȥҨϡ
ʱҲлһϲˣ㾫µزˣͷϡ
д͵ǰ˵ĵӣˮǳ̸кҶǼ˿ԡ
ʱǰ׳ĻŮڹֽˣһλǱһľͰǰǸĶ׷һɵİѴľͰͰװز˺Ͳ
극ҶͷɢĪòͷ˵˻ȥϢȥûиš
ɽ̫ˣ޽ڿɽĵطһ˲ףɽͲࡣ
˹һȦռصҲ󣬷ҲȽϼªҲѹ֣һǷԣؼͶ಻ࡣⷽ治ռƣȻûжǮˡ
ڵʱǹ䵽˴۱ǸľͰĳڹáվһԣƺڵʲô
ҶһͰϡӣЦˣԴͷɱ׷һ书ǿˣҲסԴһšһ㶨
⻰ڹöҶһۣĿǱ䣬еˡҶҲԼ˼ȣǲףЦЦڹȴûûǿ͡
ҶЩ֣ӦòˣôôרעڵʲôƵġ
Ͱһ¯ͷԸ֮󣬱ˡڹÿͳ֮첽ǰһѵȡڵϣýһҲȣͷˡȻһŽԱߵһ
ҶȻ֪ʲô˼Щ㶼˼ͻǮģ¯ǾģȴȡýŲЩδ̫Ǹʲô˰ɣ
Ҷҡҡͷٿת˴۱
ҹҶһȥ׼˯˯֮ǰҪéֻһյ͵ƣֻȥ
һƬɽɽϱҪöֹ࣬ź磬ûҲûǡҶͻȻһ侭䣺ºڷҹɱʱɵôһս
éصҶҪ̸˯ϷŵԼʪ·Ѿˣ˶׼һҹһһһҳҶһɢһء
Ҷֵصͷһɽһ࣬ɢģǻǸ书ؼ
ӵ۶鿴һ£ЩҳԭճһģΪܱװķʽûбҪýճġڴͨʱȫˮʪ͸СҲȫˮʪ͸ˡҲݿˣȵɵʱеҳ㶼ɢˣղôһ˳ɢһء
ҶϽʰҳЩ֪úܿҳˡǣʣµǱ˫ؼҳȴɵˡ
Ϊһдûбעҳ룬ǰ˳㲻ֻܸǰĻж˳ˡһҳҳϸо֮ˣһ
ؼϣ׼ȥճϡ
£һ˾˯ǸȥǾʦ̫ʬ䴰ĲݴǸоȥģЩţ˺ðҲû˯š
ǰʱҶǿӣ߿ĵ飬ſž˯ˣڣǱָˣﵹм𾭣ʵûȤȥģȻ뵽ϵؼùǱ˫ؼ鿴ˣӦһȤ
ͼעһЩϢ£㿴˵֮벻Ȼת磬̩ӸȤȻһҳһҳȥ֪䣬ɫѾˡҲؼˡ
һҹȻû˯Ȼȣ˿û룬˯һҹľҪӯϲ⵱Ǹö
ȥ緹صֵ֪磬ƮƮĺ⡣緹ڻȥ˯ͷǷˣȻӺųȥʦ̫еɽ
һ뵽ҪܵǸʹ࣬ҶЩͷ󣬲Ҳûа취ֻӲͷƤˡ
𾯽Ѿõʦ̫Ľˣûǹʮʩ


101 °빦
Ҷɽ㿴Ͻֹ΢΢Щ⣬ҶԵȣʦʯҪһꡣ
޷ģŵȾǡ
ǵҵæ
Ҷһ˵ڴ۱ڹǼ飬ǳǸڹúù֣˼Ȼ뿪˾ȡýŲʲô
̾һЩȥ»¯㣬Ǯ⴫ȥʦѾ˵˺ܶˣǲʦݣֲܰߡֻһ۱һˡ
Ҷˮʦ̫ݣ
ˮʦ̫ӭӵʱʦ̫ܣǵǸľˣòҲôһĵݣ
ǵǰڹˮʦֶŮĸˣˮʦͰɽڳӣûҡΪɽʲôصĶȥ̰ƣÿɽҪ˿һЩǮЩҶֻ֪ǿˮʦϣûиƽϡ
Ҷ̰С˵벻ҲУ
Ҳܻͽᣬеλʦ̫ЩС⣬Щʦ̫ҲͲ˼˵ʲôˡ
⵹ǣֶ
Ҷһ˵ţһ߻ɽûϸ쿴ˣɽıڵͻ߰ȥɽʯﻹһľӣе󵥸ܣֻܸߣôߡô
ߵ棬ֱ˱ȣ̫Զˣô߱ҲšȻô룬һ벻һܾȻƽʱ߳࣬һӱץס˵ܣһ˵ܡ벻ԼھȻӯҪǰǸġǸոմԽʱ巢һЩ죬ӦٶȺӯ˳ĽҲһ㡣ô£ѵʦ̫ԼͨǸʲôζ澭йأ
ԣǴ֮ͨȥ·ϣԼûоָоָо˫֮ųֵġܿʲô˫йأ
Ҳ֪ĸǶԵģҲö룬ܺþˡ
ǿڵ棬ɿЦôõģϰṦʱõġǶóľṦˡ
ҶƮƮأһ¸ҿ𣿡
ǵͷһ̧һϸϸĺɫӣҲ֪ʲôģַ̇ɳϸץס˵ϷһʯȻһƮƮķ˵ܣţڵ˼أķɳץסɽһʯַ˶ɽڡ
ۿŻɽĴƮȥҶۻң಻ѡ
ʱݵʯŴˣʦ̫ſڡ
ǸϽҶʦ̫ЩƣȻûȫָҶΣ̾һɣ
ʦ̫ղһЩԥΪҶѨͨѳ̶ԼԤϡҪķ죬ֻԼڱжǿɾ͹ܴˣѾϣò
ʦ̫ݣʦ̫Ҫʼѹ¿㣬ϥ˫ۡʦ̫Ҳѹ·ܿ죬ҶָоһĴʹǣһκֹܿͣˣŴʦ̫ϲȻͨˣ
Ҷʶʲôͨˣֻ۽ë˶ûۡʵʦ̫˵ʲô
ΪҪܰȫȫͨǸղҷ֣ζ澭ѾϳͨˣĻٻһʱһΣȻͨʣµСͿԸעˣ
ҶľϲȻҲΪʲôôϲԭǴʱɵļƻǰһʱͿɡٿԶָӦָܻԭȵˮƽ
ţʦ̫ʼͨЩûдͨСЩѾͨľ⻨˲費һʱʦ̫˵һˣ
һΣʦ̫Ǻĺúܶ࣬ңʦ̫·ķѵԶû
һᣬʦ̫۾ˣ
Ҷۣʦ̫˷Щ֣ôˣʦ̫
ĸʷǳߣ˵Ҽߵġ벻һûע⵽һ㡣Ϊֻרעڴͨľȥˣҵľ֮ѣûвľͨ췢ľȻѾ󲿷ֶѾͨĲ鿴ĸѣǸľѲϣֻϧѾ꣬Сʱҷ֣Ϥĵ̣ʶµһҲûпܰ
ҶЦЦֻС˵Ķˣ벻Ȼһ׶˵ǾȻԼ֪νƣǸǴԽйء±Ͳ棬Ҳûϲ
ʦֽ̫ŵղҴͨʣµľֻһСҪȾʱָȻעҪһע㾭УһɵӦùʩչˡ㾭ͨҵһΪԺҪѧѧҲ׾ٵ顣Ҳҵõһرɡ
ҶȻ໥æĻ㱨ҲͲøлˣ԰ɣ
ʦ̫벻ô˵΢΢һЦáҵˣѾ㹻ҸЩڽ㴫ܵĿھѧ֮͵ϢҪ뿪ʱ֮ǼҵһͿֱʩչˡ
˵գʦ̫ھڸҶھҲЩ鷳Ҷ˲һʱѧᣬֻڻû޷ʩչ
ϣʦ̫ɽԼϤ
ҶʯŹϡ澯令æӭô
ȫѾͨˣʦ̫˴ܵķʱңָԲ֮ͽһ롣
ǺãϰɡҲˡ
ʵҲûʲôϰģղѾѧˣûҲû취ʹãˣĻɡһòС˵ôѵõĻôأԼֲգȻҲǻգòüջȻʲô书
ô˵һҲ˼ϲãͷ˵ա
¡˵
⻰ȻҪԷȤģҶʦģԴ˿νᳵ·ѡˣѹҪʫʣҲǴ˵ְɣ
ǰʦдܶʫʣкܶģ
⣬˫ĹͬˣҶҲϲʫҲ˲ʫ˻˵ʦ̫ʫ֮󣬾ҲԼеЩѾǧʫ˵вģǱ˼˵ˣֻ˵ԼдġЩʫûǴȤϸ˼飬ܱˣԵ̾벻ô̵о


102 ֪Ⱦ
ҶȻƤ񣬱˵ʫΣǰЦɣҪ˵ʲôɾһԲͨˡЩνĸҲǻᱳ˼ʫѡϽǫĲģֻô룬ں˼׶ѡ
Ǵ۾գգǾ͸˲ˣĲͨȴܸ⣬ԵҪ˷ţһһɮ
ҶǺգϽ⣬Ƶģкóʱأǳȥ߰ɣ
ţ˳صͷʦֻ̫ҲҪҶɽʣȥ
Ҷܣ嶥Ҫȥɽɣ
ǵɽʦչеĵط
ðˣʦ˼ҷγƺ
һ
ⷨźã᱾̨һδǳ
ϲҲ֪°
ϱʱ̴ʦĹ£֮ʱΪѰ²ˣٵʫ˭ʫúãͰ²ĴʦһףΪ̨ʱʱڷãʹǳҶ˵ʦúã̴ʦȴûеͷһͷɮ˵ˣԴһʫҲǸղҶеס̴ʦ˺⣬²ͷɮͷɮǺ¿֮ʦʫʫǺպģҶʫȻ֪
ҶʦһΪţɼ֮ҺĽԵüʦ棬ȥհһľɾӣҲοĻΣ
˵ϣ¸жͷ
ȥһ·̸羰ۿҪɽѾԶԶǰ˱չеļҵӰˡ
ʱȻҶӴһգ̧ͷ˿죬ȴǲ֪ʲôʱƮһƬƣεδˣ
ɽ˵ܿˣ˿뷵ѾǼæָָǰһɽڣȥ꣡
ܵɽ£ѾʪɽʵҲǰȥһС飬˶棬бƮλǿǵϡǣҶӺصǰ˫ֳ˫ɽϣϣڷ絲ꡣ
ߺˣлл
ҶٺһЦлʲôԵһ
һԵĻǶʱռɾ͵ĺ£ɬͷ飬ҶҲЩ˼
ʱˣҶ˿ɽ紵Żǿɮ£죬Ʈȥʧȥڵ㱻ƮδʪˣַסƮɮ°ڡȴ§Żˡ
ǴǰõʦҶ˫ޣѾΪʦԼٵ׼ҶӢҲԶ顣˿̣ŵӵϢѾԣֱţﻹԳ֣ؽĻ
Ҷо罿ߣɵ§ǺٲȻ˷һ¡
Ҷ˵ԼѾ˫޷ˣֱ̫ˣƺ˼ݺƵģǱ㺬˵Ǹ˫޷ΪʲôҪʮ찡
ʳ־Ǻ̫ԣǻѾ˵ˣղȥˡֻڨЦεֻʣû˼Ŷ
ǵ͵ԽԽڡᵽѾ־õĻѾߵҸطȥȴ˶뿪壬ɿһۣͨ˫ޡй̶о·ѧᡭʦһٱʮɡʱҵĸǺ͹ڵѾǰеˣҶͨġ
Ŷ֮ͨ󣬻ʲôоأ
ȫƮƮĺƶһ
Ҷ룬ⲻԼ֮ĸоѵҪʱɵ˫Լֻһҹˣ
һ뵽⣬ס뵽ǰʦ̫˵ãԼĸǾѣ֮ѡû˳ѹһҹˡ
ȻѾ˵ˣҶȻͲֱ˵ʵвУֻǺ棬û˼
һõġû˼Ǵ˵ҶԼһ⡣
һѾϼ죬ͷԭϸĲǳǳķҺ죬ϸӬԵġǡ
¾ʲôǡҶæʲô
ͯӹһȻ˫ҹʱ˵ס޷ͯӹĳɾᲢ۵ġ
Ҷˣڨڨԭ
˵Ϊʲôʦ̫˱ŭش˻ǣ˵ʲôΪԼʦҪ֪ûΪʦҲ룡ڣ⻰˼ѿڵʦΪǹⲻ˫ĿΪܱסԼͯӹԱ㽫ɾ͸ߣ԰ɣʦҲ̫ȱһ㣬ΪԼλãȻͯӹⲻ𣿡
𡭡˵ЩȻ̧ͷʦҺܺõġ
ʲôãһ㶼
˵ǵı鸴û˵ʦҸģҵһĻұ
֮ȻҪ𣬿Ҳûԭ򰡣ҪӮôѡһֻǾɴ²СڣٻܽܣΪԼ֮λҪԼ͸һİˣԭˣԭһû룬޳ܣ
𣡡ʶֵ̧סҶ죬ֻһ˻ȥҶס֣Ȼˡ˵ʦҲ
Ҷ磬ãҲ˵Ҫ˵һ䣬ʦֻԼֻԺҪĶأҪ׼
һΣûĻΪҲǵģɵĵ̾Ϣһ
˾ڷͱţ˵
ɽÿȥҲ졣תۼ䣬磬ߵϦҲ¶Ѥɽ壬ˮϴһ㡣
ҶŻǵ֣ߣ
ǽһֻ֣Ƕ˶ˣɵĴǣţɽߡ
ɽֻмªé䣬õĴȥһľţûбġʦ̫ɽĺֱؤסĵطҶɵ˶λѹ˵ľ⡣
ٻͷֻһµɽȺ֮䣬ɽĴ̣ϦббȥͬɽһѤĲ¡
һʱ䣬ҶֻĿɵгƳʫϺȻס幫
һϰţ
֡
һ㣬
ǰ
Ϧ㣬
մͥ
ȡ
֪Ⱦġ
ʫϺȻɮ幫ʦģҶĳѹһʦ̫ʫǵ͵Ľ辰飬ͨд幫ʦסĻĸѳг幫ʦ¸߷磬һ˳Ⱦؽͬһһʦ̫ϣʮֵС


103 ˵Ұˣ
ʫɵôˣѾ֪Ҷ߲ʫʫݵһĲҲֻǶţ׶ڳʫ𾪵ʮǿҵġ
ҶĿɿڴԼ΢΢һЦôңĪҵϣ
һ죬ʫãҺϲ̸ܽ𣿡
ȻݴȴҲûеĵزһ飬ֻоǳĺãȴûȫס£Ҷʫָ˼顣ǵʫʲҲǲģܿͼסˡһ飬ҶʦΪдʫʦ֮ˣһǳοġлл㣡
Ϧ羰ʫʼ䣬֪ϦȻ£ʱϼ졣
Уɽصʦ̫еɽ
ɽʱѾˡ
Ҷ˵ҿǷȥĺܺ棬ܲܽң
һЦаϸ˳ʩչϵļɡҶʩչһᣬȴԶûлǰ磬Щơ
ǵߣؼҪΣԽǿԽסȻѾͨȫʩչ⼼ɣ㻹ûʲôȻͲܵӦ֡һʦעڣͿʩչˡҪﵽüҪѧҿʾʦ֮ͬ㡣ڹ࣬ÿҪĸʱа
ҶֻǿǷȥ棬ҪĿƯöƲһߣŲء֧ҹܷæ
˵ȻʯŴ𾯽Ůʦ㣡Ǿʦ̫ˣҪʦ̫ѽ
ŮĽǱǾʦ̫һƻˣţɽصһ˴һƻУʯǴϵģܽʵǾʦ̫һƾȻûܽʯŻ
ҶͻǻһۡҶһӦǲ֪Լһ˻ɣҹ˾ʱԼһˣһһСסɽ⻰ȥǺ˵
Ҳͬʱ뵽⣬ʩһɫʾ
Ҷ⣬ͷ˴µһӺ档
ŴӦһȥʯţֻǾʦ̫żվ⣬ǸϽʩ񣺡ݼʦ壡
Ǿʦ̫һʲôţʲô˵ģ
ʦڱչءԹˡ
мҪ
ǵſڣʦڱչأܼ͡
Ǿʦ̧̫һƣǵǰءǲָ̧һơصһǱǾʦ̫Ҳǻ˻Σںһ
Ǿʦ̫ɫ࣬ȵٳһԣ˵գһһƻǽǰһƣѾɫ΢䣬һƸǿҲһ̧ӭϡ
أ
һ죬⵹ɷףǾʦ̫ҲɫࡣѾˣǼ˴̤߽ɽŻǺһҶִʦ壿
Լȶ֣ȴҧһڣǲǿ磬ֻǵƺʮӲҡֻǼʦڱչأʦ岻Ҫš
Ǿʦ̫ȴܣûпˣ̧ͷ˿ͷɽҲûпϣҵˣĿ˴µĹӺ棬̤˹ȥ
֪ҶͶǺ棬ɴһǰסʦ壬Ҫʲô
Ǿʦ̫¶һĨЦ˵ɽصҰˣܻ棬Ҫѿ
ԭɷ׵ûһ˿ѪɫҪǴȥʦҲûμʲôŴѡˡǰҶǰûкھˣûʲôҪҹߣǿɾ˳ǷˡҲʦ̫żŸҶעԱʩչذ׶ʫ˰ҶҪҹעԱԼиʱָû뵽ǰŵĶǾʦ̫һֱעߵĶҶ֮һֱҹûгʱϲ˴˽
Ǽʦ壡˵ʲôôѼʦסء
ôӣĪҰ˾ͲǾʦЦ
ǽˣɵڹǰʦ壬㣬㲻Ѫˡ
Ѫˣٺ٣ҰҰ˾֪ǲѪˣ˵գһ뽫𿪣ǻֻǻ˻ΣûŲ
ǴɨǾʦ̫ӣֱ˹һ㣬úúã̵ĺͽܣٳһƣվţҾƨˣ
˵գʦ̫˼һȫɮ޷죬̧漴ǰٽ˼ӡһȣХŻǱظȥ
֪Ǿʦ̫һƣѾþȫԼҪӲӣֻǶϽۣ򵱳ǣû·Ҳܱ¶Ҷ
ǰһᣬ̧˫ӭϡ
أأ
Ⱥ죡
ԭǾʦ̫ƸǶƵͬʱʦ̫ʯȫһƻǾʦ̫
Ǿʦ̫вãʦ̫书ͱߣڣѾ󲿷˸Ƕϣûа취Ӧʦ̫һƣֻܲʦ̫һȴű򣬻ػϡ
Ǿʦ̫ͬʱǺʦ̫лõɳȥأʦ̫Ӱ׷ϣһƻһƾԶȸղǾʦ̫һƸΪǿȻҲȫǾʦ̫УҲҪˡ
ϣбһֻݵƣסȫһ
أ
ʦ̫صһѪӿ˵ܡȥֻһݵᣬȫɮ޷ķ緫΢Цʦ̫㣬Ĺ־˲ٰ
ʦ̫˴ˣϽƺʮμʦ壡
Ǿʦ̫һʦʦ̫֮⣬Ȼʦ޿ʦ
޿ʦѹһʦʦ㣬ʦ̫ʦ壬书νɵһʦ̫ʦǰһʦҪǿϼֻ֡ԻȻ⣬궼ûиһ֮λһΣȻʦֶˣֻԸ䵱С벻ȴǾʦ̫ˡ
޿ʦɮ䣬µؽǾʦ̫סôû˰ɣ
ʦ̫һѾȫǾʦ̫ǲ⧶λûˣ˿̣Ѿû˸оһķѪӿǿסû³Լ֪һأԼ书ԭֻǱʦ̫ѷһȫһҲĳҵʤ㡣ڣˣ֮ھ޷ָʤֻɶûˡ
ʦѯʣ˵û£һоɤӵѪҪֻǿţҡҡͷ
޿ʦʦ̫һһ˵ˣ
ΪɵĳϼԶȨƵλȻǶ԰ܻɵȴԹۣһǾʦ̫⻰ˡżɽʳһ䡣


104 
ʦ̫ȻûУʦһѱ֪
ʦǰǿܡѰ
ǸղűǾʦ̫һƻɣײɽʯϣ˫۷飬ҲѪӿȻ˲ᡣ书ȻһǿģѾʦ̫洫书Դʦʦ̫ĶʦǾʦ̫ԶԶģԭǵֵסǾʦ̫ȫһġҿղǾʦ̫ʦ̫͵ϮԾûϤʹҲͲء
ʦ̫תͷ˿û°ɣ
û¡
ǾͺãѣΪ֤ʦͽסҪǲ飬ʦ죬ʺӿͷϵġ
Ǿʦ̫Цһѣ
ļǰ䵹ʦʦֻ̫ηηվһԣʦ޿ʦҲǱ֣ʲôû˵
ѲȻǻƴŵĹӣǹ涼ûСǾʦ̫⡣ѲطһᣬɽѲˣʯݣҲѹˡȴûзǾʦ̫ϣֵҲˡ
Ǿʦ̫˿Ѿˣŭܣ
˴ѡľ־Ǵʦʦ̫һֱʦ̫ץʹţԱ֣õӵĸ˵ɽ鰸ҶɽܾòųʱƺǾʦ̫Ҷʦ̫òͽȾǳĳţֻҪץסʦ̫ҲûڶɻȥҪ˵μ˴ѡˡ
ԣڰţҶȻǴɽɽҽһֱûгȵ֮ȥ֪ͨʦ޿ʦʦʦ̫˵ʦ̫͵ˣǴ£˱ˡǾʦ̫ͷ˽ȥ֮赲Ļǳ֣ǵҶ·ˣǾͲ˵뾡ѹҶץסϧ㲻㣬ҪʱǾʹȷץסڴͨʦ̫Ҷϧ֪
ǰһֱɽڣɽֻһڣҶȥ֮ûмôûأ
Ѳ飬ϵձ̺ˣҲͷȥˡʲôûС
Ѳ꣬ʦ̫Ҳ˵ֻǾʦ̫
Ǿʦ̫ЩΣûаۿġˣ߰ɣ˵գתߡ
վסʦ̫ҵɽҪʲôҰˣʲôûѵҪߣܵиɣ
Ǿʦ̫ۻû֪뵽͵ʴףֺޣŭ֪һȦףҰȦףҴͽܵȡˣԱȡ֮λüıգ
ʦ̫Ҳ˵ʲô׾Ͷҵͽ¶֣ҪǲȣѾˡ
ȣҪǴĽȣҵһεڶγֵʱͿԳƫƫҪʱų֣ȫƵʱ͵ϮĿֻңͽܣ
⻰Ҳ˵˻ǵʵҲᣬΪʦʦֻ̫ϢָȫڵһʱֱֹǾʦ̫ȫԸԼų֣Լǲʦķģʦ֣ҪԼûκ⣬ȴԼڲˣֱǾʦ̫ػʦΪ˵˽⣬ֻ¶ʦ˵ģʦȷǿľǾʦ̫Աɨȡ֮λ·ϰ
뵽ǲЩȻ
ʦ̫㲻öЩǺú˵˵ɣǴɽʲôҰˣûУи˵𣿡԰ʦ壿ʦ̫޿ʦ
޿ʦѾˣʲôƤѾúܵһƵ¶һĨ΢Цƺʮ㰡ᣬʦǵĻʦˣ
ʦ̫æʮ񣺡Ӳҵ
޿ʦתͷǾʦ̫ʦ̫ҲǸɣ
ʦ̫书ߣȴʦ޿ʦĻȻΥ֣Ͻʮʦ㣬Բ𣡡
Ǿʦ̫㬵ҲҺʮ˵һԲ𣬱תɽҲ
ǵıӰʧɽ棬ʦ̫¶һĨ΢Ц
ǸϽȥѵ澯ĵӣúÿţŰʯŹϡܵӺ棬ȻûҶӰæʦ̫ʦأ
ʦ̫û˵Ƭ̣ӴϲһӰվڴһ֣һϸϸķջأҶ
־ϲԭİ涼ͱڣô
Ҷϲһεʯʦ̫ղŰץȥǿʯأһкղʦ̫˵һˡ
ղŲûʦ̫˵˴ء
ڴʯϣĶԻܴѾˡڹӺ棬ʦ̫Ӵ̽ץ˳ȥѸݵϾڣ΢΢ͻʯһСʯϣ÷סʯѷ죬סԼ塣
һҶʦ̫׼мƻġ˵Ѿ֪Ǿʦ̫ҪԶɽ棬Żȥŵʱ򣬰Լץ˳ȥҪԼҹԼעһΪ˵õʱָֻͬʱҲµһȦףԼȱ侲Ǿʦ̫Ѳ飬֪һǾʦ̫һᶯ֣Ǳֵ
ֹͨؽڣжʦ̫˵ıġõΪĿĲֶΣ
Ȼܱʦ̫ȴûκα֣װµհҪǱǿˣǿɾǻ͵ʺҲʺˣҪȻȥɣ
ȥ˵˵氵ڳȥǲͶ𣿡
ô죿
ȵٴ󷽷ĳȥ
Ҫô죿
ģѾˣ˵˵ģʱɽȥˡ
ʦ̫źˣҶӿ϶ȶ׼мƻġװŲ֪һáôʼɣ
עȫΪղҪٻָһ£Ұʱ
Ҫٴô죿
ʦ̫ЦʯţһϣҪ򿪣ǿҪϲٹģȫʱΣİɣ
˵գʦ̫תʯݡʯŹˡ
¶ʹı飬ؿղӲǾʦ̫һƣ׻ǱˣҪʦʦ̫ʱֻ֣ҪˡǾʦ̫ʮΪɲǶϷġ
Ҷæ¡΢죬ϽԼĸ첲Ҷֱ˻û¡


105 ûñ
Ҷһʯţ͵͵ӣʦնҵڳǾʦ̫Ҫһʧ㲻Ҳ˰Ҳ̫Ǹʲôˡ
𣡱˵ʦĻ𡭡
Ǻ㣡һ꣬Ҿˣһֱ˲ֶΣ֪Ժ󻹻ôۣ
ȻãҵʦģҪôҡҲ˳ӡ
⺢ʦͽ̫ǿˣҶЦҡͷ
ǲ˵ϥˡҶмģҲϥϰ˫мֻ֮ˬ
ʱʯſˣʦ̫վſڣӣɣ
Ҷʯš
ʦ̫ɽֻǰңʦͽĹϵס𣿡
Ҷͷ˿ǶºʯţȻԼղŸҧĻźʯŵݣȻҲˣ
Ķֱ̫ˡʶһ㣬Ҷһƺ뵽ʲôȴһʱץס
ʦ̫ԶԣŻ˿·ӡ
Ҷ··ѹˣϥ˫ۡʦ̫·Դʦ̫Ůһ壬ɵðԵˮ
ţʦ̫˵˫̧һһƽ죡
Ҷˣţоʦְ̫˫ץס˷ֱԼһֻ֣߶йԲԲӦǷ˫֮䣬һֻ֣ƽ̹⻬ƺСﴦ
ţָоʦ̫˫ҲһһµذؿѨСﴦߴʦ̫ʲôҪ룬Ҫעˣܻ᲻ҪҲҪֿ¹ϵشҪǳ˲ӣ߲зϣߵмɲҪֲҪֿ
Ҷһ⾹ȻΣգʱп಻ô˵˵ҲͲʮǮˣ
Ҫ˵ȵȣȴоɺˮһԴԴϵشԼ˫ۻʦ̫˫۴˹
ܿ죬͸оԼ·ڲϴѸٵֻֻͣԼĸо˿岢ûκεı仯
ȫĸо֮ջ֣Ǹղʦ̫˵Լ˺Σﻹҳֻ֣ҧš
о̫ˣʶԼ˫оܵҵ˺Ӵž
ʦ̫ѾһɵעҶڣһɹѾҶʩչˡԭһ㵣עԼҶȻֻһɣҲ书ڸ书ѷԼһĶʦǾʱʤȽСû뵽ԼҶµȦףǾϵ˶ʦǾеʯͷˡڣֻþųɹҲ׵ػǾʦ̫ʦá
һע֮ҪעѭҶĵʹ󹦸ˣעȻ֮ǰתе;ǳĹ졣
ھ֮ʣȻоԼ̵ĺˮһ㣬ɿ˳Ҷֱϱӿ
ʦ̫ʧɫ˿ǣҶ˫ȴһεع̶ԼϣƿҶ˫ֺ徹ȻʹȫһкǧҶڡ
ʦ̫ŵûɢ֪ʲô벻ףһ֪ģǾȥò˶ãԼȫԷ⣬ǾԼͱɷһˣ
֪ѾԼĿƣ죬ֻܷ΢ĺɺ޷ȡ
ʱɽƿˣһݸСӰ˽ȥĶɳ޿ʦ
ղȻǸ˳ȥ֪Ǿʦ̫뵱ˣԿ϶ʦ̫ģһǾʦ̫ô϶Ǿʦ̫û˵ѣǸһʦ̫ɽǸղѲ˲ûз֣͵һ£ܲ֡
ǳںɵ͵Ұˣ;ԲʺϵˡҲִҪ飬˽´ȽϺáǣžṦڻһʦ̫ʯݵĴӡȻǸɽ鰸Ҷѹ˸ʦ̫һ𣬶ʦ̫Ҳ·г̾ҪȥȴַΪ̫Ҫ˽ͨʲôͣ¹۲졣ԣ˽ȥ
ʦ̫ҶһһŮԣƳڶԷϣƺˡ֮Ҷǽ˫۵ĵҲˣʦ̫۵ȴûкҲû͸϶ʦ̫ڸҶˡ
˲ǹ֮£޿ʦҲһǶɵĵһ֣Ȼ֪ЩǱѹ·еġֿʦ̫ӣƺǳ࣬а⣬ĪҶ˷ǳأ֮ġ
ǣ޿ʦʦ̫£˫ֵʦ̫ĺ󱳣΢˫Ŀһۻ֮עʦ̫壬͸Ҷ˫ۣҶڡ
ͻȻ޿ʦݵһоԼڵǿһǿ˿ֲҶ壡˾û˿ôɹӿ޷ֹͣʱ޿ʦܾӦԣǿҶҲƿصģʱʶ뷨ֹʧǾһԽԽ޷
޿ʦʦ̫˵ȫ赲ӿҶڡ
˫ۣ֪޿ʦͻȻоԷӿڶֻҪԥᱻȵ÷ǣɵûɢҵƴذǹ˫ľУ˵Ҳֻ֣Ҫһ⾭ԶҪȥֻҪӿ뾭ڱˡӿȻѸͿ񱩣ȴûнݻ١
Ȼȥ򣬿ҶǷǳĽţٴˮ⣬ֻҪ꣬һҲᱬġѾоΪӯˡȥֻ±ҪѶ
ҷ֣Ϊ漰⡣ֻǿ֧š
֪˶ãҶоӿʼ٣ʱھӯѾҪűˡоٲֹͣĻᾭѶ
ǣһᣬһѣӭӿҵײȥһ£ײ˫ֱȻֿˡ
оڵһ㣬аԽп࣬鷳ˣУʦ̫Һܡô졭
ûκηӦ
ѵʦֻ̫赹ˣץԼۣ۴ãʱķײоԼƤҪˣЩһڣҶƴ˺ϵۣץһȱûá


106 
صʱ̣ҶҲ˲ıģ۾ʦ̫޿ʦ˶ԴڵһҲ˲˼޿ʦôġһ˻ţɽﷳرܣͬʱͣ˺ۣתۼˡܿ죬ȫƬ
кʯǴ˩ϵģ򲻿ֲҳȥˣֱš
Ҷһߴ󺰴п˺һߵЩھתһлáЩ̵ĺˮһĴӿڶ˫ľ֮УҪĸоҲʧˡ
ͣͷһ㿴ʦ̫޿ʦ˴ؿȻѾϤãˡ
÷
ҶУطżɮۣϽȥ߶ʮһʹɮʦ̫ģȻɮ±ܿ󣬿ǴϣǽġܱȹӺá
תͷʦ̫޿ʦڴڨڨѾ󹦸𣿡
ͻȻ¹ǡΤС˫˵Ǿ䡰󹦸ɣ׸ɵóʦ̫촽һۣϧʦ̫촽˿Ѿ԰׶ûˣţַ֣ʦ̫ԭŮһ壬Ҳɳۣ˫Ҳ´ˣֻ״
ô£ʦ̫ôˣ˭
ʱŵĽкʦʦôˣŰ
ϽȥѷŴ򿪣ǳ˽Ƕö˶˵ģһֿʦ޿ʦҲڣɴһвáǼ޿ʦɫȻ֪ʲô顣
ʦʦ̫ӣϽ۸ϡһľȻڰ۴֮󣬻ûϵãͻȻһȥסҶĲӣŭ⹷ҵң컹ңȻɱ㣡
ҶĪоԼϵ˫ҲûôƵģȴ֪ʦ̫Ѿȫһѳʦ̫֣ʲôŮܲףģ
ʦ̫ͻȻ֣һҶĲٶȴ죬Ҷ˿ʦ̫׷ܹ죬Ҷ޴ӶܣȻ˺üƣȴûоʹչʦ̫򲻵ˡ
ǲ֪ʦΪʲôҪ׷Ҷֲңֻܿధšۿʦɮɢ̻¶׷ҶҶʩչʦҲ򲻵ˣ׷ģӲͷƤȥסʦ
ͻȻȵط֣ʦ弫ȵڵģԭƵġˣʦ㡭ôˣ
ڵϵ޿ʦ̾һʦʮ֮˾ŶЩֵˣµһѾˣ
һ仰ǾˣһԵҶҲˣͰ͵㣬˵ʲôʲôʱǵˣ
ҪûǵΪʹ׷ܾܵסȫһ书϶ɵڶ֡ɵһڶֵľ󲿷ˣ£˭ǿֵģ㲻µһ˭أ
޿ʦ˵⻰ʦַ̫һ˻ŰңȻҶȥǣǱסˣȻ˿ãʦ̫Ǿ֪ҪԼǼֱˣֻͽܳҶòͽܻǺкøеġ
ʦ̫ץס˻ǵĸ첲ͽ㣬ʦֵܣңòã찡
һʱ֪ʲô飬Ҳû˵ô书ܰ˵ߵģʦϵɮ£ȻͰҶ
ҶҲĿɿڴˡЦл壬ѿڵҡûǴ󷨰
С˵书ôʵдڣ
޿ʦȻѾɥʧ˼ȫԭ񣬳Ȼ⣬Բαˣ¶һĨЦݣҶֵܣĹ˭ģ
Ҷҡͷûи˭ѧʲôĹҲ֪ôġո˵ͻȻһҪ˵ԼֻѧǸǱ˫ϵĹѵǸ
ᣬ⹦ǻǸģҲϰȴûı¡
ˣʱԼǱˮʪˣݿճݺ֮ԼۣĹɢһأԼǰϵ£һģѵ˳˵ߵ˫Ǵ󷨣
Ĳ¶Եģ˫ʵͨŮ໥ںϣӶʹԳɱӡŪߵ˼˳֮ʹ˫ڹͬ˫һȡһĹˡ
Ҷ뵽ˡЦе³вãԼɲصް뵽⣬ɵɫ䣬ǰλʶ㣬˵ܰԼ⡣ϽԼϣȴҲǱ˫ˣͷһɮ£ԼѾڸղű˺ˣͷһֻصƬҲֽƬ֪ղŵķ˺Ѿ书ؼ˺Ƭ
ʦ̫ڰŻǣҶ
޿ʦ̾һˣ㣬ⶼ⣬Ҫȥʲô֮λµ½Կգ㻹ⷲȨƲ԰Σ
һȻȻඥһ㣬ʦ̫˵Сķ𷨣ʧȥ书֮󣬶ʱӿԺĴ󡣸ߡҼȶޡö
еͻȻһƿ˻ǣ쳤Ц̤߳ɽ޿ʦҲЦŸ˳ȥ
ǾˣϽ׷˳ȥţʦʦҪȥ
ʦֻ̫һ·Цɽߣ޿ʦתͷõģʦѾȥˡǣΪ˲Ͷʦμ˴ѡɣ˵ģ˵գ̤׷ʦ̫
Զʦ̫зԻ
޳
𷨡
𼺣
Ϊ֡
˴ЦУȻԶȥ
ʦ̫ȻȥˣҶȻ뵽ˡ˲ĦǣҲǱӶ󳹴׿һУרķ𷨣ճһɮҪΪɮҪ
˭ΪɮģϽŶӣúţһ⣡
Ҷɽ˼룬ɽ浣ξʦ̫ĵȴǰ龪ˣ֪ô졣վޣΧ£šǻʲô˵ֻޡ
ܿ죬Ǿʦ̫ˮʦ̫ʦ̫ԼѹŵʦʦѶ໥ѯʲô顣
ˮʦ̫ղҿ޿ʦʦһ·Цɽסȥʦ˵Ҫȥ£μ˴ѡˡ


107 ǰ
Ǿʦ̫һֱϵһڱҵͷԣʣĲμ˴ѡˣ
ǰһԵʦ̫ҲҲˣǾֱɽȥˣ˸ỵ̂ǲҪҲҹȥô
ʦһ˫۾Żǣǣʲô飿
Ҫ˵ȻߴҶϸӬҪ˵ʵǣңҪ֪ȡɱҵģ
ͷһݣҶô˵ĻȷˡҲͲ˵ʵˣĨһᣬҲֻ֪޿ʦʦ˵һỰ˾ʹЦ߳Ҳ֪ʲô
ҽͬʱҲǿܵġ
Ǿʦ̫ȴˣԭΪѡ벻Ȼǿľִʦʦ̫ͻȻԶȨȥˡʤλʦá
ϲЦտ̫ˣֱ̫ˣʦˣֻѡˣ
һԵʦ̫ĵӻ͵ղʦ˵ˣûʦôʦμŴѡ
Ǿʦ̫ŭʲôһôʸǾˣ
͵ҲȽϴˣǾʦ̫С˼꣬Ҳղ޿ʦ׿˵ģǶˣѵǾʦ岻޿ʦĺ
Ӷ׷׵ͷ˵޿ʦô˵ġ
Ǿʦ̫Żǣ㣬֮λ㲻𣿡
ղ޿ʦĻҲˣֻǣȷʵûμŴѡԸڸգǾʦֻ̫ǺҲͲμˣǾʦ̫ȻвĿǣ֮ǰԼɱ֣һ㳤֮飬ҲͰѻִֵ׵ȻǣҲμ˴ѡʦ֮ҲΥʦ£
Ǿʦ̫ЦЦû˿ϲãǳ˼ܺã˵ûϣ飬Ҫã
ʦüǾǵ㵽Ϊֹ˵ʲô
Ǿʦ̫ȴǲҶײʦģϽʮֻǵ㵽ΪֹҲʧֵʱΪ˵˿ɾͲˡ
ǸղŽǾʦ̫ȫһƣˣ֪ǣԾǿ׵ʦ£ҲֻԼѧղ
Ǿʦ̫ͷãΪʦңҾκ㲻ãƣ˵תˡ
ˮʦ̫ʦ̫˻һۣҲ벻޿ʦȻᡣ书ڻֱߵģʦ壬໹ǺԵġ书ûоȻڱ羭йϲ֣Ըʦ̫ǿƣ羭оȻȲʦ̫Ǳˮʦ̫Ǿʦ̫Ҳûơʫʣԭʦɱʣµļ˶࣬Ϳٳˡ϶òһʣµһҲûаգֻ̫Ӷѡ
ʦŻǣЦЦμӴѡһҲǺõģģҲ˺ġ˵Ҳˡ
ΪʦȥˣɽҲûбҪˣĵӸ˵һỰҲȥ˯ˡɽǰֻ˻һˡ
ĬĬתصɽϷţȴûпҶӰһʱͿҶӴ˽΢΢һЦҸղŶȥˣǽģҰȡ֮λһҪȡ룬Ǿʦ̫ҪǵˣΪˣݵȡ֮λŲ
˲һȷǾʦǰ͸ԼʦлԹԼֵҪˣԼֻ¾޷ڶˡԼСڶüԼļңҪǱţǿǲġ
ˣǻͷ漴Ȼλʦȣ书ֻȲʦ壬ʫҲûƣʤʫһ÷ֲߣҲûõġ
÷֣ǵıԾôȵģҶǰûйľıֻŰʦ̫ʫ֮뿪ˣԼ£ڣǶλãҪϸ֪ˣԱƶӦӦԲԡ
ǵĸģÿһųΣһķ֣εݼһһ֡ߵĵѡ
ҵͷԼԼһ£öٷ֣ʫʾͰһķ㣡˵ú
ǳƬ̣书棬ԭǿʦڣʹʦǾˣǹƶĻǶʦ塭
ҶĻ޷޵Ǿǰһƴ㣡Ҫʦʱֻ֣¾군ˣݶˣ㻹ʦ壿
ҡͷʦʦ壬ôǲܸĵġ
ԿǣҶû˵һ䣬ˣŷ
ǻ书棬Ψһʤľֻʦ飬֡棬ʦǿǱȲġҵʦʦãõڶҪȻֻõġ
ҶõĽ֡ʫʵһķ֣ͿоŷˣӦܶ˵ģٺ٣
Ȼ֪ҶΪԼʵ书ҲܵףҲܵףʫõһҲûпܶġǿһЦҾȡɡ
Ǻãڿʼ׼ҲˣˡͣҿŶ
ǵͷм
ҶɴӴȥڳ£Խ˾ڡǰʱѾ֣⿴ƶ͵ľڣʦ̫ķϴ˿࣬ҪѣֻҪСģܹȥġ
ɽС·Сɽ
ɽǰִڵ֪ɮǾȣʩôһɮ°
ҶԼѾˣ΢Цףʲôɽʲô衣˶ɽȻҪɮˣ𣿡
Ȼԣʩɮ£Ƕôһ¡֪ŮЦȥˡ
ҶصϽɮ£Լ£˲¡سһ췢һУɵĸпǧʲô޿ʦ˵Լȡ˼ȫѾһˡԼôһоûУµһҲûʲôζ
ţ˯ˡ
һΣμԼòŮݺ٣ܴصģضɽҡˣԼһڴϣòС᲻ˣصȴڡŷ֣˽š
ôʲôԼĺΡǣҶͷؽһ˭
⴫һŮʩˣʦ̫ɱˣ


108 ʦ̫ɱ
Ҷһʱѣһµ嵽ź󣬴˷š
Ůˡ
ȥ߱˵ҶĻ
ŮǸԺѲӵģҶߣ˵ղѲҹʦ̫éĲݴȫ㣬Ѫ˵ǸǾʦʦ壬ʩѾ˱ֳҲ̫ˣȻǶɽɱǵˣŵҲɽϵʱ򣬼ֱǷ
ҶҲһԲԴת˼顣
ԺéޣѾвˣǾʦ̫ˮʦ̫ڣһЩֵصŮᡣԶԶؿšסǰԺĴͷĪòͷû
ҶȲ鿴ܣһéסںԺʦ̫ŮרõġԺи߸ߵΧǽģſִڵŮᡣɱĻӦ˵پиȥṦ¡ͬʱʦ̫书ٸ¡Ҫɱˣ书϶̫͡é޾Զ书ʦ̫ɱȻûзһ죬ûоЩ֣Щ˼ˣ
Ҷ˼죬һСıܿϿºۼĵطʬԱߡ
ʦ̫Ǽʦ̫ͱȽСģŸʮ꣬ıֵòȳơԽžԽĿģֻʬ޳Ĵȱֿˣ˽ѪһЩ˵ｦڶƤ˽
ǰʬﲢСձëƬﵹǾҶע⣬ֳƬ̣ŶȲ쿴ʬܵĺۼȻһƬݴԣǵܸҼӲûʲôԵĽӡҲûκοɵƷֻʦ̫ɮ¡±һߡ
Ҷһߵֱۺ˫ţֻûгʬߵҸ£оȵģ˵ʱӦòһʱ
ҶͷǾʦ̫ĴѲ飬ֻû뿪Ҫעⰲȫ
Ǿʦ̫ϴӦˣ˰ţһչѲ顣
˰֮Ҷ»صʦ̫˽ǼҺϣƬ̣ͻȻһΪ֣⼸ҺǱԲεģԲһͷǳܺ˵˽ģ
鿴˰ΣָȡһΣڱţǱ¶һĨЦ
ʱͷĪòͷѶϵˣʬԱߣ֮òͷôӣȻƤ
ĪҶִ£ô𣿡
Ҷͷ˿ԶվŵŮǣǲҪ̸飬飬ͷһ
ĪҶôһѣҲԼЩðʧ۰飬ưĴɡãȷͷѯ˵
Ҷĸֳ飬ֱѯסںԺ˻ִڵŮᣬǷʲôɵʧʲôõûз֣Щ˳ִڵŮᣬĶ˯ֲѾڲݴˡ
ʱѲŮҲ½ˣǽԲʮﶼѹˣûзκİˣҲûзʲôԵĺۼ
ҶĸҶӡӴҵɫԿһͷ
òͷ˵˵ɽϳĸȫŮˡĸȻǿųɵģŮԼҲܼɱŮˣԣֻ͵͵ɽĽɻ
Īͷòͷķе˽֮⣬ɽµĴӵĴҲܵġɱڶɽɽ´书˵٣ӦصõĶ󣬵ȻɻҲһƷ򡣡
Ҷͷͷ
ͷҾλ˵ĶǳáûбԴֵ顣
ҶƬ̣ҲԭͬλƷǾжɡ
ĪΪСЭͳҶķмֵ⣬ж˼ֶҶӣǰ̲ٵĹϵŵСЭͳҲûʲô汾¡µͷҲû⣬Լġ
Ҷɽ鰸һֱõ˴ѡǰһ磬ŷ˶ɽ
βãһɽ´˼ׯڰʽ⣬ûʲô书֣⼸ׯڰʽ˵ɱ书ǿõĶʦ̫ˣѰʦԾҲģҲųˡ

Ŵѡǰһ磬Ҷǻص˶ɽϡ
ΪеλҲ漴ɽˣҶ˸ʱǾʦ̫ڴøǼˡ
ĸԺԺжիüԺԺбϺ裬ľǴȶµʵĵͿǰԺԺУҶʶԺĶիֻûüԺıϺȴûмһߴ̴̵ӣûȤʶ
ǸԾǴȶµͿʦ˽ܾȻǴġμǡĶɮصͽܣ˲ٺøСּòãǿ׳Ŀ⾼һ书֮ˣһ֪Ȼ˵徹ȻƳ̸ʮĹ֮һξٹξڣҲƳΪὫ벻ĶӣȻҵ˺УݵʦȻյʦɮ
ҶλǸпǧҲ֪μǡɮС˵׫ģɮҲȷһλǳΰĸɮֻĵӣȴûмˡҲ֣ɮǻʼȶµ֣һ벻ģ뵽ĵӾѾܲˡ
һҲǸУʱ׷ӵģΪԭȵĲ޿ʦȥˡһˣλҲԾǣ֣ȴҶһȻǴƳĽܣǵһ¬ڣ
ϴ˵ݸõ֮ʫԾǵĵһ¬ڣڸõİ¶ʫĳսг벻ûеȵʫսȴڶŴϼˡ
ԭĴʦ̫Ѿ󳹴ȥˣžɶʦǾʦ̫Ρ¬Ҷ֮󣬺ҶһֵۣĴú߲ܰʫٺ٣ʫҲݶˣܲ޵һֱϣлдһ¡
Ҷ飬֪ôԼҲѹ֣ν޵һ޵ڶֶȫƾоÿ˵ϲòͬڳɲʫˣ˵˭˭ǿȻҶϮĴʫ˵ƪ¬ԼҲʫˣȻͲóϷΪ˵ʫʳԼҲǿġ
Ҷֵ¬ֵʫʣ޵ҲǷǳ壬ܸ¬д裬ȻǷǳң¬ֶָ㡣
¬˵Ŀ΢΢ͷЩĺøУҲ¶һĨ΢Цֵҵָǡ


109 ˴ѡ
ɽλиǵӱԺĿͷֻҶһסڼλʦ̫ĺԺʦ̫ŵģǾʦ̫Ҳû
ϣǾʦ̫һдλҶǼ˼̳ˮûϻˡڶɽȾƣѾѵõĴˣԴҶſ˶Ծơ
ҶžƱƣȾλԺԺУ־¬ڡλʵĵͿҲںȾơ˸ո֮δϣ棬ǰؾۣгԳˣؼҼˡŮ͡ʳͣˡʦšˮҲǲģҾܺáҶȻɱ롣
ʦ̫ΪҪ׼ڶıʾ͸ԻԼеɽչȥˡ
ҶλнźȾƣƵžף۶λԺеܳôõ磬ǳĴĽҪȥһƣȥȥ
ƳȼɭϣЩǺѧ塢ʿеɮԸ۽½ȥﾴƣžҡͷֱӾܾˣҶžףҡҡλ˳
æµţ֣е˰ɴֻĶŮˣҲ⡣һɫŮˣ߰ݶСҶϽӭӡҶƣڹõʱҶȤ˵书Ҳ
ڹޱ飺ǳƤëǿѡ
ǫŶ˵ţҶҡҡλЩվȣһľãȣۣͻȻյڹöߵ͵͵Ƕɵ书ġԵɺϣѧǶеĴܵľУð˵ֻһ߲ʫҪǰʫʲôģǺס
˵ַ·쵽ôԣִһãҿЦģûô¡Ƕɵ书ôѧأֲŮˡٺ٣Ⱦƣ
ڹһԲƺˡ
Ҷֻ֮ص˾ҺȵúܾˣλãܿˡĪܿƣûôȡͷͿʦʹʫ¬ڼҶƣˣʹӺǵĲ£ԻطЪϢ
ҶصҲ·ͷ˯
һᣬһӰſڣһСᲦţСƿŽȥǰͷ˯Ҷ¶ЦݣһȥϥǶסҶؿڣͬʱץסԴһšһͷȻӦˣӰץͷһȻһľͷԴ
ӰһҪתȴһǿƻкԣڵء

ڶϣ˴ѡʽʼ
ڶɵĴ۱ǰĹ㳡ϣ϶λУǵӦǰĽɵļαҶҲС
ڼαĺ棬Ƕɵɮ׵ˡڹ㳡࣬ŲμӴѡĺѡǾʦ̫ˮʦ̫ǵվǸԵĵӡһ࣬һĴǣʦʦǡ
ܣŵξֳֽ䵶Ķֵɮ
˴ѡ֣Ϊ˹ƽ˺ɽ˵ܰʦΡ
ܰʦüëѾˣȴӣɷ硣Уʮն˴ѡһλѡ˲ѡϧλѣһλʦ̫ȥˣõӻǲ˱ֻʣλѡˡǰһʦµͨѡֱܹ书ʫʡÿһڳλ֮Ρһģ֣ڶ֣ĵһ֣꣬ߵѡͬһʤĿ˫ѡݣѡһͬģǱĿѡһͨץξֶʵгսλߵģΪһʣλٶԾΡλǷˣ
Ϊʦ̫ı޸ģѾ֪ˡ˵ͷ
ܰʦҲϻǺãڣʼһԵԷǱ羭ͳޣʹ߹ޡ˫һ⣬߸Ϊң
£Ǿʦ̫˳УһҾվˮʦ̫
ˮʦ̫˵ƺʮʩȻʼ
羭еúܼңϧҶ𷨣ģ伸飬˲Ϳʦ˲þǾʦ̫䣬ַǾʦ̫⡣˼羭һλǾʦ̫ձи
ǣСĻ̨ޡĶţΪȴǲ˫Ⱥ󾭹ֵĽűиһ֣ˮʦ̫ʤ˶õһ
Ҷϸˮʦ̫ʤ֮ı飬һֳص⣬ȻԼǳţΪȻġ
ţǾʦ̫ͻǽ羭ǾεıɫءǣȻȴ˿Ǿʦ̫ʱѧϣǾּսлʤ
һˮʦ̫֣ǵ֣Ǿʦ̫һ֡
书
ˡ˶رЩɵ׼ҵӣǼɣҪľǿжɵѧһ쳤˲ӡ
޵Ǿʦ̫һ޵ˮʦ̫
Ǿʦ̫书ߵģʦ̫ȴʦ̫ƣʦ̫һƣˣΪʱָ̫̣ǿ̨֧ǰףֻõһ֡һβ䣬ʫûаʤһܷΪ֮λĹؼ䲻
Ǿʦ̫һŻ߹ˮʦ̫һЦʦã룡
ˣˮʦ̫ƻȻǾʦ̫Ѿ˵أ
ǹ䱡˼·Ǿʦ̫ɫ΢䣬һ˫սˮʦ̫ƶǴ󿪴ϣӲӲڳ˶ˣˮʦ̫֪Ǿʦ̫ˣͨӲӲضԷˣӶȡʤһʱ䣬Ǿʦ̫ĵǶ
Ǳûв׼ֱĹ涨෴öԷ㣬Լ̣֮֮ǿ˵ʤĲţȻЩ£ȴҲǷϱ˼·ġ
ˮʦ̫ЩǵĹ룬ָݣȫһֱļƣѱԸ߰Ǿʦ̫Ļˣˮʦ̫⣬Ծζİ취ǱˮƵúǱһҲ࣬һ˫ˮʦ̫ӲӲƴһƣ
䣡
˶ˮʦ̫վˣǾʦ̫ȴ³һѪҡҡλվȡ
ˮʦ̫һǾˮʦ̫ûлָǿ̧ӭУ˭֪һҪԴֵܰʦƮƮǾʦ̫ˮʦ̫ʤѷ֣ٴˡ
ˮʦ̫֣ƺʮãлʦ㣡
һˮʦ̫ʤ


110 ʤ
ǳսǵʦ壬ҪϢһ𣿡
㻹Ҫˮʦ̫˫֣ɣ
֣Ȼǲȳֵġʩ֮˵һʵʦָֹ̣
ǲõȴûмȡʤˮʦ̫ҲǲУΪӪԣһҵĶԾ˰ʱˮʦ̫ץס˻һССһƬ䡣
ʵҪಫʲôҲ̸ˣǱֻǵ㵽ΪֹҲͳΪʤı־ˮʦ̫ʤ
ǻǸǾʦ̫ĶԾ
˶һսԶռˣһǸով˳ʱսĺܴǾʦ̫ղŸˮʦ̫Ƴ˴ʹñСǸֳϳǾʦ̫֮󣬲ûǷϢϢˡ
Ǿʦˣսսپȴûвζԡңûвˮʦ̫ӲӲܿԷӲ
սҶż֪ĵԸռԷıˡ֮λҶýôӲӲã
Ȼжɳʦͺɽ˵ܰʦĸڳǴطǳأֻһֿƣһ书Щ书ߣҲ첻
ֻҡҡͷɰԼ취ԸǾʦ̫
Ǿʦ̫˻ǵʺ뷨ȴмЦǸ֮ʣǾͱҲˣ
ȻǲԸӲӲҲԸζҪսپҲǾʦ̫ϣġʹ˾УХһӭͣ
Ǿʦ̫ĳУҲɱﵣһµĸֲģֻҪǲӱܣһ֮£ذɣ
ۿӭӰչɰأԼ֮£Ȼ޴Ρһʦʦ̫ѾָӦ֮ߣҪ֮ʱȴ̧Ǿʦ̫ԴЦݣеľǿԸٴռϷ磬һӭȥһХ֮ԣ
ɰȻܼܼɰأҲܰ赲ǵһͬ䴩ɰص⣬͸Ǿʦ̫ĽĻˮʦ̫ʺ
ͬʱˮʦ̫ĳҲѹ˻ǵ磡
ҪƴǽǾʦ̫һۣǾʦ̫ȴҲһ̴ʺһˣһ֮£Ȼǻʤ
Ǿʦ̫ȻᣬȴҲǲˣ˾ˣ̾һгأȥΪԼˣٶȴۿۣҪȻȿ϶Էۣһ㲻㣬ԼȻڰһ£ʲôһ˵ζǵף֣ܹҲ֣ˮʦ̫һѾ֣ҲšٱȵѾûκ壡
Ǿʦ̫³תɽԼɽ첽ȥһڵиȥģҲ¹սģҳһš
Ǿʦ̫һߣͱøˡΪҪӰ˵Ļ֡һˮˮʦ̫ʹǶҲֻǻ߷֣ˮʦ̫˷֣ˮʦ̫ʤȡšǾʦ̫˳ǶԻǾ鷳ˡҪһܸˮʦ̫ͬӶʱҾֶҪǾʦ̫ˮʦ̫ĽֻҪˮʦ̫ʤҲջֲ渺ļγһҪ˼ҵɫ
ڣǾʦ̫˳͸ˡǻԭȵĻ֣һˮʦ̫Ҳ֣ʤҲû˱塣
н̣ʦ͵ܰʦǰȰ˵Ǿʦ̫Աβš
ʱѾ磬ֵܰʦͣҳԷ˷λʦǰǾʦ̫˼빤
ǣʱܰʦʦǴͷɥˣ˵Ǿʦ̫ѾչӴ˲ȻҲˡ
Ǻֽ˽̡
ǼǴ̵ʱ꣬ģɽ֮С
գĽˡһ֣λߣʤ߻֣߻һ֣˵ʤ˫ƽҪٽһʤ
ˮʦ̫֪ǿҷԡȷǾʦ̫ʫʸȲԼһôԻִӶʤеŮᶼͬ˵ʵóʫʣ˵˭˭ǿֻʦǿʶѡҪǰ˵Ҳû˱ȥ塣ǲֱʤš
ȻǲܽܵٴαẒ̌վ³ֵΪƽˮʦ̫ˣսһΡҲ˵һҪֻҪˮʦ̫ʤһʤִƶɡ
ˮʦ̫ǲʦˣˮʦ̫ǰ˶µĹҪ֣书ʫʣֱʤǵûнʫʱһŵںεأѾʤָ֣λᣬѵûαʤСһһһսǿǼ䶪˵飬Ļʦִ˶ңôαڳ鴫ȥǻûأ
ʦ˵úֱҲ̹ʣˮʦ̫ʦ壬Ƕɵĳϡˮʦ̫֪Լòλʦ峤ϵ֧֣ǵɵġ˵ˣʦ˵ҲеԼȻʤΣʤһΣ
Уˮʦ̫ǿģǣֵǺãǺεļ
ʦŭƶǰѾˣҲѾˣ˫ѡݣѡֻһͬǾǱĿѡĿһͨץξҪǸƲϵģ˿ʵ㵱ţҲܷڣ
ˮʦ̫Ҳ֪ʦ˵ʵʵ˵õƽУʤҲʣҲ˿ʵƬ̣ڵͷðɣʦġ
ʦ¶΢Ц
˻صУʦְĽǵҪӮԷܵѡֻǵһЦûκηǱˡʦһʱ䣬ʦ̫ĵ۷׷ףʻΪʲôԣչӦʤͿԵѡġǻû˵ʦʦҲûа취
ʫʱʽʼΪ˷ֹףĿе
й֮󣬱ֵܰʦõ˲ⶨĿ֮󲻽Цˣָ˵㣬εҡҡͷߵУ飬ⶨĿǣŮ֮Ϊ⣬ֿʤ


111 
һŮǸ࣬Щ׼ҵӸ۷׷ףҵŮдʫЦ
ˮʦ̫ŭɫɿҶһۣԴصͷ
ܰʦεУʾǽһΪʲôô⡣
ȳ԰վ͵ľȻʵĵͿ
ͿĿġ
һ⻰˶ˣΪĿӦǷεľǵһ¬ĲŶԣ벻ȴλԾǻʼȶµֵĵӣͬҲһˡһӳз
Ϳɨһ۳ˣܶΪӦĹϾ鰮ʵƬģϾƪ͸˰ĦŮĶԵʹĦŮΪĵӡ˵ӱ࡯û˵ıԣǿпܣʵѾΥˡԵ𼴿աľԭˡ̱ԼգİʹȥһһһΪԷʱ򣬿ҲͲˣҲͽӽ֮
ϲݵ˵ţеͷͬģҲвΪȻҡͷġȻ֪ϸ˶֪ŽСʦһװǼҼ֮ŮˡӦÿԽΪʲô顣
˵֮£ʸϵԺԺжի֮ͬ飬ΪܳϣϵĿܱȵ׼ףҲܿλߵʵˮƽ
˶׷׵ͷаɵĳʦˮʦ̫ʦҲͬĿʱйˡ
û飬ֵܰʦȼһ㣬һΪޣʫĳ̸ɲޡʼ
Ŀ֮ҶһףİʫţëҪѡϻݵĲСضԻǵ룬㲻Ҫżǹؼһ֣䣡
Ҳ˵ûйϵұͲָܵˡ
ˮҲһʡ͵ĵƣţֻҲùԱ
ûлش𣬿ǿ飬ȴûʲô־ڲȥˡ
Ҷˮʦ̫Ŀ˼ҲԼ˫ۣԺֵİʫһ顣ȥǾδʫʺϡδǲش̵ĻɮͬʱһλʥݵһŮй˿д˺ܶİʫȻǲдɣɺ֮ôĶǡʫ䣬Ӧϻǵݵġ
ʫܳʫֹףԸиӡ֡Һʫ̫ˣҶַǳϲʫˡ
ʼذʫʸ߻ǣʣʼһһд
ͬʱˮʦ̫ҲʿʼдһֱûͣʣȻдҲһ׳ʫûʲôͣ͵ʱҶɣѵλˮʦ̫Ȼʫʸ֣ȻΪǰô飬Ըٱأ
׳ʫ꣬;ͣ˼Σװų˼ӡһȼ֮ǰˡ
д꣬ؿʫ糺죬ɿҶһֵۣͷ
Ǳˮʦ̫ҲͬʱдˡֻдУˮʦ̫ŭȻдĶп
дֵ֮ܰʦ׳ʫˣ͵ǰǱ߽˴۱顣
ûжãбˡ
ֵ֮ܰʦ˵ʫȻŵĲнȶˮʦ̫ĳʫ
ʫĺܳҶһö죬һʱ벻еġóɱĿδԸԧ첻ɡʱһⲻ¬ڵôˮʦ̫ıƷˣ
Ҷɵǰŵ¬ڣа⣬ˮʦ̫Ƕ԰ĵӣдֿʫֻзεľǵһ¬ڲſд˵¬Ҳôˮʦ̫
Ȼʦ̫뵽һУˮʦ̫Ҳԡ˵Ӧˮʦ̫ע¬ڣʹ߱˴ص
ôԼԵģƳʫ¬ڣ
ҶͷĪ˷ؼĳϣǿĶ˭Ŷ˷ܵġ
׳ʫ꣬һƬʦ̫øˣ˵һӣԭôЩӣ˱Ŀ˫ܣΪ˲ϧһֻҪͬԧ죬ҲĽүõĶʦ̫Ȼһ֣
һЩ׼ҵӳԳԵЦˮʦ̫ĵ࣬ͷˮʦ̫Ǻ죬ŭ־ȴ޷ͣΪԼıдģܲ˵Լ޲˵˵ɣ
ҶѾµˣԺЦ
ţܰʦʼлǵʫҲδʫʫľ䣬ǹΪ䣺

ǶУ
ɽֱֿǣ
䰲˫ȫ
䡣
һ׳ʫ֮󣬳оȻİΪڳģ֮ˣЩ֮ˣһʼʹﵽ˸ɮµľأϾ鰮һḶ́Ҳ඼Ḷ́رЩ׼ҵӣܶ඼Ů鰮ж壬δʫǳ׼ȷذͿд˳ԣ˼˵Ĺһʱ䣬û˵ֻǴǻζʫֲԼҵκ꣬ˡ
ãܰʦų̾һƶҲǹˣҲǴӻСʦֶ͹ģʹࡢκ壬ڴȫ֮޳ܲ˵һƬġСʦֶʫԷθд÷ǳֿˣ̹ϵذ˿̵д˳Ȼʫϲˮʦ̫һ׾ϸǣ⾳ȴһףؼģǴݵϣȴҪˮʦ̫һףȻλҲǳ̾ˮʦ̫һʫرһ䡮óɱĿδԸԧ첻ɡҪǻŮӽ̾ƾֻǣˮʦ̫ݲǺǺϡԣλһжֻСʦֶʤ
һкܶ˶̾ȫежϡˮʦ̫ɫѿʵҲǵʫжˣҲɴ뵽Լε鰮Ҫǹƽ˵ҲôݽǶȿǵʫʺǵݡлʤҲûиֻǣһͬʱԼʫ˵Цѿɵú޺޵ض¬ڡ
ҶȫƱͨЩ⣬˵ҲˣʫӦ¬дģѵԼҲԸ
ʫȷ¬дģȻôظˮʦ̫Ϊʱ̣ܶûиĿϾȥ˼δһŮĽǶȥд顣ʶԼĹ۵дʫڼʫӦܶġһ˻ǵʫ֪ˣԼ˵ĳҪݣдǷŮİ飬ǳŮ뷨ǣĸһ³޻ǵʫ֮ҲֻܸʹңͶ˻һƱ


112 ȫĽ
һֱߺͷҿˡҶ̸ʫҲдǻŮ֮ʱǵҶѾĽ֮Ϊʦʦ̫һҶ˷֮ʵжҶһ㺡ֻǳˣô̰쳾鰮е᳦תҶײδʫǡֵذìܾ˳ͬ˼һ㡣
Ů˼˸֪ϲǺߣͷҿˣߺһֱ˲ӸȵܰʦʼʱŲò̧ͷյɿҶһۣ㿴Ŀ⣬紺磬ԡˡ
ܰʦ˫ѡһͬǱĿͬǾץξ˫дԼϣеıĿ
ǹؼΪǰУˮʦ̫ʤ书رǿǣֻʫһлʤԣĿˮʦ̫ʤĿܾͷǳ书书ǿǣӮҲԱȽϴġʫʣҶںܣʤĿԾͺܴˡˣҶţǿ϶ѡʫʺ书
ˮʦ̫ƣ϶ѡͬʱ书ֻǿڻǣʤһƣһ͵ȻתʤơΪУʵ֮⣬ʱҪٳӣҪʤǿ鲢żȻûбʤİ£ˮʦֻ̫»תѡʫʣ
ˮʦ̫֪ҶһǧʫƪĴԽ߳ΪղŻдʫֻԼʵ뷨ѡʤģҸղŲҲ˵ˣʫʵıʻ¬ڵһռŵġˣ¬λǵһӻǳġˣǻѡʫΪڶ
Ҷֻ̣Ҫ˫ѡֻʫһͬģĿͻʫʡԼٴóϮǧƪ¬ڣӦаյġ
ǣֵܰʦ˫ѡ֮Ҷɵˡˮʦ̫ҶԤϵģѡʫʣǣѡȴҲʫʣûѡ书
ѡȻһģ˵Ҫץξ
Ҷôʻǣôģ֪ˮǿ㣬ôѡ
ҶĻȴûκαʾѡֻԼ֪Ǿǰ˽졣ʫʣ˫ռţץξĿʵҲò˭ˡԭûһԼΪ˵ĺѡˣû˿׼ҪҶָܵѡ˽϶޷СĶɽվһʱĵռϷ硣Լܲܵˣòˡ
ͬʱһ뷨Ҷ벻ģǾǣѡˮʦ̫ˣʱˮֲף¸ҵ׷ԼҸȥȻûȫֻˣ
СܣֻԼģز
Ϊջ޷˵ѡ
Ҷ벻Լ׳ϮδʫʹǷķ΢ı仯ųڵĽɵúǽ
˵ѡ֮ˮʦ̫¶˵Цݡڵܰʦ׼˫ץΣıĿʱ򣬶ɳʦվƶһСС飬λѡ˺λöϿǷУ
ܰʦæʦ˵
ʦȻ˫ѡѡʫʣβ˸дһʫʫʶߣȫ
һõ˳¬֮ĸеһֱͬǳֻ¬ûпΪǰԷѧûжодõʫЩΪѡʦǳĺãûкʵɷԡ
ˮʦ̫¬ûгͬµܶԴûжٰգ뷴飬ǣƫƫǶɵĳʦģҪǷԣǲǵڴʦûʦ֧֣㵱ˣֻҲȰһ룬ԼԮ¬ڲ̫дʫѵǾͻԼʫʲ¬ڣʫ϶ôԣԼӮҪһЩοԼ滹һλףˣҲлᡣ
뵽ֵܰʦλѡ˵ʱɴصͷʦ飬ҼʫʣȷǳƶȻûġ
ʦ飬Щ⣬òܲܵţǲƺԸ飬ְƤ߻ظڣܲܵˣѾץү飬ǿҶˡ֪ԷҲһʫܣֻǾҶĲ飬ʫҪʤˮʦ̫Ǻ׵ġ
һȴе˿ɬΪҶɫӻˮʦ̫ԼλƽһǾ˵ҶϣԼңϾ쳾鰮ʵҲûԼԼеͷҲֻǵ˼ˡ
뵽ദȦɵúˣͷˣȻֱܰʦĻʦһ£ȻͷûпҶ
Ҷ֪Ůҵ˼飬ЩɵۣԴʫŸһװǰٽһʷܶķѧʦдܶʫҶԷ̱Ȥ󣬺е⣬ԲûȥЩʫ˸ɮϵʫ֮⣬ܶϲѧʫ˱ϺȻסعۡȵȣдܶʫңǣЩʫҪôǴǲģҪôдһЩǹϵеĸɮµģԼйĲʫһߣûһ׷ϻڵݵġĽ
ۿŵܰʦȼһȼգҲһǣȴֻ⣬׼һΪ˵СŮӣЩӾ硶¥ΡİԹáɴˣ뵽ˡ¥Ρֱסʡ
һףȻǷǳУӦûܹءǣʫôظ˻ǡ
дҶʫ벻Ҳ񣬲пȴ֪ʫĹ¡
ţ㿴ˮʦ̫Ҳ±ˣдһ׳ʫһֱдһ㼸ҪȼˣĿУͣʡ
ֵܰʦù˵ʫλн˴۱ʼ顣
Σܿ죬Ʈ˿˿С꣬Ȼ󣬵ʱ䳤ֻҲʪġǵʦʦۿŻпܵѡˣƨĺûᣬкüɱȥɡǵꡣ
ǻǴ˿̣أ˼ҶʫԽĥԽ䣬һʱɵóˣȻûעڵԼͷϵֽɡ


113 Ļ
һκܿͳˣһΣ˽ʱвŴӴ۱ʱƺʲô
λг֮ʱڴŮǳɡֵܰʦҲһλŮһֽɡ
Ȳ֮󣬵ܰʦһһεľǳļң˫д˷ǳʫ䡣νѷָ¡棬ƶ˫ʫֵĽ
Լˮʦ̫ġһеʫ䣬ҶϿ϶ʫ¬ڵģȻûбйʫǣһЩӡʫܳܳк˾ģ
̸ʮϸǧġ
ڤ뵡
ɣֱδݡ
ҵ֥Xơ
ʫʫ顢ѧΪһ壬дѤˣתС̸ʮʮǷҾķࡣϸǧġǧģӵġ¾ڤ˵ѧ岩Ϥס뵡Ȼ仯֮ȴȻĵġȫʫдɽйµĸ¬ỵ̂ʱ򣬶Է̵о͸䣬дǻǰԼȻȥ֥ң
ʫʫлбȽġдһֳȻ̬ȣ
ԣܰʦ߶ʫ˵һˮʦ̫¶΢Цǿ¬ڽݣֲɵĵбۿ˿ǣѵСӾȻд˱Լ׻ҪԶʫܰɣ
̾һ֮󣬵ܰʦ˻ǵʫе˶Ŷϸ
ܰʦе
֤֤֤֤
֤˹֤
޿֤㾳
㾳Ƿɾ
ʫǡ¥Ρֱдɣ˼ǣ㴧ĦңҴĦ㣬˴˶̽Ѱ֤ԷʵУЩʵû壬ֻ⣬ȥ֤飬֤ܲϳˡ򾳹֤Եʱ򣬲˰֮ʵ⻹߾磬ֻ֮ȻȴǲĶɷ
ҪʫеȻǡ¥Ρ˵͸ǣʲôǶȷ¬ڵʫûֱ˵ζȴƽ˵ȻҲһ⾳ңֱʫһϷ˼ʫƪĻȻǲܸ¬ڵһȵġҲ۵ԭ
Ҷ֮ѡʫҪԭʫ̫ˡʵûиõóܰʦ߶ȳ¬ڵʫ֮иоЩܰʦ˵Сʦֶʫ͸ңǰʫ⾳ʫд鰮֮ìܣһף֤֤֤֤ǰʫиļǿϲǻСʦֶֻһĲܰЩķպʹ࣬ŵýѣյԴ󳹴سɷ𡣡Сʦֶȸ򣬿ϲɺءǶʫǳľɣλö˺ܾãȶþʤʤľԭʦԺкͱԺкʶֽհƱͶ㡣
һ仰Ҷŵʯͷء¬ڿ϶ҪԼͶһƱģͿƺֻ׿Ů֮սѵĸӦǲΪȻģûֻ֧ǡ
һʤĺܼҲܽң벻ΪʫϺǰδʫ˻е׿רеĸ򣬲еͣʤ
ʵҲǽңʫǼֱֱŤ֮Ļ֮дġƪ˵˵໥ȡʦЩʫĲУȻֿƪһƪʫд⾳ϵһ𣬴в˶Եͬ飬Ҳ˶̾վʤġ
ˮʦ̫˵һԼˣɵɫ䣬ŭض¬ڡ¬ҲһΣҲû뵽ǾȻдƪļ
ԭѾҶԼʫĵĲζڣܰʦô˵ҶʵԼûκθ飬ֻϣԼܼУǸ˫˫ɣɵ᳦תĻ֮£Ȧֺˡ
ţܰʦڣһۼҲľˣȻ˫дϣĿ
ˮʦ̫дȻʫʣҲƵ¬дʫ̫ܲУЩʫȴǹΪġδ⣬ͬ˵ʲôҪдʲôʫˣһҪչץΣץԼаˡץʫʣֻҪдʫ¬⾩ǵһӵͷҲʤСӣ
벻ܰʦ˫ѡ񣬻һѡ书ʫʣҲ˵ʫ˫ͬѡ˫Ŀ
Ļ֮£ЩԱ뷨ûаѡȨϲԣǽҶȻѾҵˣҾԸҽλҲ뻹׼ա
ǵѡò֪Ů˼ҶǳĸˣһβٸʲôʫģֻҪʫԼһƤƪȫаսʤ¬ڣѻ˵ı
ǣ벻鷢ˡʦվ˳һ⣺αԣ֮λƶṧΪɵĳϣԣһεĿƶ֪ɷ񣿡
Ҫһ㶼֣ĸк˵ܰʦȻûκ飬ͷͬ
ţʦֵľʤ߽αˣⳡԣһʦ㶨µģԣľλƶǰ壬һʦоɾǰʫҲǶʦһοաλΣ
գȻһЦҶ
ղˮʦ̫ʫ𾪣ΪǶˮʦ̫Լģ벻ˮʦʫʾȻ˵áҪȥɽʫֻҪҶȥ뿪İʫʤˮʦ̫ǾûпܵġڣԼ϶ˣ֪ҶûԼҲͲܻ׸˫˫ɣԼȥδӣһƬãȻ
¬վܺã߰ɣ
ʦĿ磬ɨ¬ڣƳһҶһʦ㾲޵ĵطǱɽأ˲ܽ롣ԺܱǸֻƶǶȥšд֮ƶʫһеġ
ʦⷬĿ⣬¬ںҶͷһݣ⣡Ӧǲµڰаæ
˲벻ʦǶɵĸ֣ԴصĹȻ֪Ȼܲ˭ںæ¬ںҶʫɡԣѾɽʦ֪ĸ֣ҲصôԶľġ


114 
һʦˮʦ̫ʱҲɵˡû¬ڰаæд״ʫͲˣҲΪǰʫǻԼдģȻСôԼʤ
Ƕɵĳģôܷԣηԣ
Ǻˮʦ̫ͻǶصֽʣʦСУԳֽɡɽȥ
ɽ·ϣͻȻɳɳֽɡϣǺǣˮʦ̫ͻǶû¡û뵽ɽȻ磬ϦȾɽ͡Ǻÿ
ǰɫոҶɽ龰ʱԼл룬⣬Ǻεȵãڣĵһݸ飬ɴʧɽ翵һ㣬Ʈȥꡣ
ʦûпǣǰһʦеļªéݣеһִǶɡһһˣﶼԣҵĿдһʫдеһšʼɣ
һĿˮʦ̫ɵˣǣֻҲǴģһ겻ӣ԰϶Ҳûףߵһߣʼĥôд
ǷΪ뵽ҶдһһŵʫԼΪϲļˡ벻ĿȻҶдʫݣ
ѵڤڤ⣿
ǴŴϴӹɽͣѤˣһžֽʪһʯϵˮȻһžֽ棬ʼīëպīʣѩ׵ľֽ·𿴼ҶӢЦ֪Լһʣ˱ԼˣӽԺ󣬱㲻Ҷô𣬴Ӵƹŷ˴˲
֪䣬ᣬ˾ֽϣ峺С

˶дһֱһɽʯ϶ŵʦվùˮʦ̫ʫһ֮£üˮʦ̫һʫֻ˳ԺһЩˣƪֱ֮˵Ĵˮ׼ǰʫ֮𣬲ɵøжˮʦ̫׵ĻɣĿɨˮʦ̫һۣˮһ¡
ʦջĿ⣬ǵʫֻ䣬һ˫۱ˣǾȵؿ˴ͷĻһֽۣ¶䡰ȡ֪Ⱦġ̾ãҲֻȾģǡֵдһŵĳ߽ࡣð
һʦ̾ǵʫԼʫĵıģˮʦ̫統ͷһͰˮʧǣ֪ôźáҲֻǶݵ˲䣬ԹŻǡ
ɽص۱ǰҶʦЦģˮʦ̫һݣۣ֪ôˣд
ʦ˵ʫλУ˼򵥿ûȥ۱飬㶼жۻʤ¬ڣ˻ǵʫ֮ҲǴĵٿˮʦ̫ŵĴʫ֣ɿЦҲͬ˻ʤˡ
Ҳʦľܰʦùλеһжֿ֮˵ʫƬ̣ûǲҪʫĺãϾˮʦ̫ǶɵһҪǰĴʫôα׼ҵӵǿǴ飬Ҳ޹ġԣʦ֮û˵ʫֱ˲еĽλһֱжʤˣǵѡˣ
ǵһʦʦǣʦ̫׼ҵǣȸԾ
ˮʦ̫ȵȣ
ôһ˵˶
ˮʦ̫Ҳǰ֣սǶսʤӦʤΪʲôҪм澿ûʲô˵顭
ʦŭˮǲŶģҲûκѾһλᣬ㻹Ҫô
¹֮λˮʦ̫Ѿ˼ɣӲͷƤҵʱֻǲ˵Ҫ˵Ϊʲôʤ֣ȴܵѡˣôҾǲ±ȹȻˡҲܷΪţ
ˮʦ̫µҲߵȻã߳һš
ʦ벻ˮʦ̫Ȼһ˾ˣʦ壬öͷҪǳ⣬һ˵ش˵Ķˮʦָ̫ʹףıɱʦ̫ʦ̫㻹ʲôˣ
仰ȻǷǳĴ󣬵ǷǳҾȻ˵ˮʦ̫ɱλʦ̫ıֹͣ
Ŀ£֮ǱվЦŵҶ
㣬˵ʲôˮʦ̫ŭ
Ҷ˳ˮʦ̫ǰҺ˵ʦ̫ʣڳԶֶŮڹãΪʲôôҪȻûս
ˮʦ̫ҲЩ֣ѡȫ飬е˰Ƕ£˹սȴƫƫûпԼֶŮڹáˮʦ̫ﻹһЩԹ⺢ӵ治¡Ҷôһ˵ɽ鰸ģɵһݣҶôˣ
ôˣٺ٣ϣΪҺˣҹõӲҵţǱšҵĲӣѾǽǵʦ̫ûеɵλãšͷģҷڴϵûеɵľͷΪͼıɱԱǵƷˡ˴
ܿ죬ԶͷѺùǱ˵ĺڹùˣ˳С龰ֶһ
ˮʦ̫Ǵʧɫǰһźڹõô£
ڹùǱסʧȥ׺ήˮʦ̫һۣҡɱģᴫأ϶ʦ̫ģ˵ʫʺӰ˹ùõĴƣȥҹùãɹùչˣҾȥɱû뵽ܽƻڰ͵Ϯңԡ
ͻȻˮʦ̫Ӱ磬Ѹݵر㵽˺ڹõǰһڹõͷһҪǴʵˣڹõԴԱһˤڵϵϣ
ǣһڼкڹõͷʱ򣬺ڹȴһӱҶˡ
ˮʦ̫׷һĳ
أ
˽סһƣˮʦ̫˺üһȴʦʦϽƺʮʦ壡
ʦʲô
ҶϾȻɱˣ
ˮʦ̫ŭ˭ɱˣѪˣ
ҶЦûתͷԺڹõôϸ˵ûɣֻҪˣһҪɱľ㣬Ϊ֪̫ˣڣ鱩¶һҪɱģ㣡
ǱҶס׼ɱҶĺӰǺڹãû뵽ҶѾ׼һû깤ľͷ˴ϣںڹŤľͷͷ­ʱҶӺһƽ裬ȻѴͷҹѶЩҹҶڹýйĵʱ˵ġڹǲŵģ벻죬ȻӦҶĻ


115 ˿
ڹԹˮʦ̫һһΪɱˣȴҪɱң㣡Ǻݶ
ˮʦ̫źڹã˵Ĳ㣡
ҶҲźڹãһߣ˭ָʹɱλʦ̫ݡüļˣ
ڹԹضˮʦ̫ˮָʹҸɵģΪˣ
ʱ䣬һƬȻ
Ϊ˱ܣҶѶڹãûнĪòͷǸ֪£⻰ˣĪǰʣִ£ô£
֪ˡҶתͷһԵĻǣţǶɵˮʦ̫ʹԶֶŮڹãıɱλʦ̫üݡݷıɱڣҪвЭ
ˮʦ̫˼ʽŭǸң
ޱ飬ȴһһȻִɮˮ£
ܵξĶִɮ֪òλղŻǷִƶɵĻǵĺ
ʦղŵܰʦѾձǵѡţĻźߣͽԺ¹洦ã
ʦǶΨһĳˣҲŵһλͦǣ˭Ҳִɮȣǰͦ䵶ˮʦ̫Χ˵С
ˮʦ̫ĵһˮʦ̫ǷıɱﷸִɮǷãǿɲҳְæ
ˮʦ̫书Ȼߣִɮѵصģ󷨣֮ʦһԶţˮʦ̫Ѿûжٶ־ͻΧֲܣգ˼ִɮ֮󣬻ձִɮƷ¡
ִɮţˮʦ̫廨ѺҶǰ
Ҷ
ˮʦ̫ɫûдӾлָͷһŤûлش
ҶԺڹõ龭ϸ˵һ飡
ãڹöݺݶˮʦ̫һ뵱ˣȲʦ̫ɱԱĵһ㰲ȥ顭
ҶѾ飬֪ʣҪɱ㣬ҲõһҲûаճΪŰɣ
ڹõ˵ˣʫѾð취õһģʲô취û˵
ںڹ˵ʱҶһֱбۿ¬ڡǳĽţڹ˵ˮʦ̫û˵ʲô취ʱһʵҶѾ֪ˣˮʦ̫취þǵһ¬ڰæصĹԱԼסԭΪ¬Ĳѧʦ׾ٵģԲųءѧʦֻ̫Ҫɱ㣬ܶѧһʫʵһһ֮ѧҲֻǴʦ̫ϾȻˡ
Ҷʣôŵģ
˵ҪǾֱɱʦ̫ɡ
ˮʦ̫ŭڹãٸ˵
Ҷͷûа취ð죿
򵥣ͷǰɾжˮʦ̫°ͣʹᶼˣɺɵȴ˵
ҶԺڹõ˵
ڹõ˵Ҫһ֣ҽɽɹĻᣬݺüݼװɻɱŮģɱ֮ǰ׼Сͱߵ壬ȻˡǰһĴΣɱˣѡ˵ĵطԱø֪һֱΪǲɻģץﷸֵǷģ˵ԶˡַǰҪһǣʦ̫ڵľҾװźܺվ󿴡̺רģҾʹӺͻȻץסһӾͰšˡһҵģú졣ʦ̫Ȼ书Ҹߺܶ࣬벻һӺͻȻ֣һ¾ҵˡɱ֮Ұ·⣬ǰһľͱ壬׼õ棬ȻӴ׳ȥٹغŴ뿪ˡ
ɵЩŮ벻ʹ޵Ǹɱʦ̫ŵѰҵǸɱ˵ĲɻȻߵջĺڹã
ɻȻһŮˣɵڳ
Ī˰ƣɵ־ϲǶ̫ǣҶڲʱֻǿš
Ҷֵָʹɱʦ̫ģѾ˵
ãڹõʦ̫֮ǳĸˣ˵һҲܰ϶ضõˣΪ书һβ̫͡书ĸбȲʦ̫ʦ̫Ҳв磬ֻǱǾʦ̫ǿһЩܶ㲻þǵģǾпֻܷʦ̫书̫ǿɱʦ̫¶飬ûȥðաʦ̫ˣʦ̫书ܸߣΪ˲̫飬ͻȻϮĻɱֻҪʦ̫ɱˣ书һõڶ˲̩ɽ
Ҷıɱʦ̫ģ
֮ǰҶˮ۲飬һ˯ǰé޵ʱҾͺŶéĲݴéҾ͹ڵһôˣ˵ҵĽŤˣʹתͷȥҵĽţҴӺ潫ͷһšˡȻѹ·ǰ׼õСͱ壬ٵǰ׼ȻȻҾͻصˮȴҶԺ쿴ʱұûˡ
ҶԴͷ԰°ͽˣ
°ͽӺ֮ˮʦ̫ʹšҶϣץڹ֮ҵߵߵĽʲôģ˵ʦ̫һ۸񲻷Ƶ̴飬ϲѾҪøʦ̫Ǵ㣡˵ˣǴǳϲһֱߡţܷϣ
ǻͷĻһۣѣ
ʹӦˣǰ뻳㻳Ķ˳ȴûУ
ǵȫϸѣ
ͱͷϸѣѳϸ˩ŹڲղصǴ飬øʦ˹ĿȻȥ㾭ЯǴ飡
õŭ֮£ˮʦ̫ң̱ڵء
Ҷʵ㣬ԸԼйôźй
ˮʦ̫ңҡԸй
ܺãҶԴͷòͷǰͺڹöѺȥһϸʣñ¼
˴Ӧˣˮʦ̫ͺڹôȥ
ǰʩ񣺡лʩƴ˰Ϊʦ̫˴𣡡
˾ϹȻҪţʦʩ
ҶæӦõģŵְ𣬲ض񡣡
Īڴ˻ᣬִ£ô֪ڹҪɱģ
ҲǺ֪ܶģŶšҶ˵Լ̣üݺݿļֶͬļɱʱһָоǾﷸɱĻƺʺϴķرüݵǼɱʱͳԷôڳɱĵصͳԷĿԱߵͲԱߵ𣿾Ͳ˴ѵ𣿡


116 Ϊ
˵ҶɨһۣŽ˵ǼڵɱũԶֵأȻû˿쳣춯Ǽ·ߵļɱʮ֮ĴȻҲû춯һñɱھǸĸңȴκ춯϶ɽʦ̫ɱ棬ǽڱʦ̫ǣ֪ɱҪһʱģǰͷǺĲݵϣ书ֶֻܲ˵һ飡
ʲô£Īʡ
ɱ飡ֻȰɱˣҲֱӰѲšˣҲܲκζܱ֤ϢĽУ
Īȵ˵ʬ
仰һԱŵŮǸ죬̬о¶˷ŭɫ
Ҷͷ漴ҡҡͷҲжϵģǣڿ챻ɱ㱻ɱֳʱҶ˻ɣΪʦ̫ĵصԼĲݴʦ̫ĸڣסľʦ̫֪ʦ̫Ƕλ֮书ߵġԶԶ߳λңҲидǿĶҪ㱻ڴĲݵɱʬӦȻû㲻𣿡
Ҷʦ̫Ķĸɽɽ˵ݵĸźʯŵʦ̫Ȼ㱻ɱµʶ
ĪҲͷǰĸ֣˺£Ȼǹֵġղڹ˵ˣҲˣԭڹɱȻѹ·αɱ֮󣬰ʬӴ˴ġ
ţҶͷҷʦ̫·ȫȴ⣬Ͳϳˡ˵һöȽԵαֳŮʵʩġԣͻȻһͷǾνĲɻ᲻һŮˣ
ʵҶ˵жϣԴѧѧġѧǲ˵ġ
Ҷŵһ뵽ƶϣǰɻҲͺȻˡͿԽΪʲô⼸ɱԱ˵ĵطԱߵȴоʲô쳣춯ΪνġȰɱȻαֳܿˣûзҲûʲô춯ȻԱߵҲûиоͬʱݽñɱڵϵѪγһѪ˴Ѫܻɴ˺˲γɣŮϣǲ̫γĴ˵ģرִ󣬲ҪӦɶ˵˺ѳѪʵûС˿ģʹ˹ӵͱʱΪǶ⣬˵ܺˣϾľȡ
˵ڳŮǷŭдɬý̫ϸҲãû·˵Щ˵ˣܺ˵ĴѪһǿŮ˵ƶϵĿԡһŮ˵ƶ֮󣬽Ҫ͵Ҫ⣬ȻŮΪʲôҪð˰ĴɱȻЩӽ˽κͷ飬ǮɶģȻ˵ŮԭΪΪ˽ٲƣûбҪЩɱĻСֵĽٲƣֻ˳ǣĿĿ϶ڴˡĿľʲô
˵ҶһΧŵǣֻҲţܸӣˣ꣬ҲʧΣֶһݾ;塣ǽ˵ڣڹѾˣˮʦ̫ҲѾˣǵȻѾ֪ĿΪ˶ĿתߣԱʵʩɱʦ̫ĿģǵʱȻ֪ѾӶαװαװĿĵģҪӱ׷ҲܽһŮΪʲôҪٰαĿģܿΪڸǺĳĿġͬһΪĿģӵĿ֮Сһ
˵Ҷ˶٣ƺȻڶ쳤Ĳӣ˶䣬ҶŽ˵ڵʦ̫ʱҿʼע˶ˡܼ򵥣ʵʩӵˣܹһƵУɾؽ˲šϣҪһ书ͺܴͬʱѾƶһŮˣɶŮˡģǻ᲻ӲĿĵģͬʱ˶ͨ˵Ҳˣʦ̫书ܸߵĸ֣ȴɴšĲӣܿ˵һ⣬ǾߵˣûκξˣԲ͵Ϯ֣ʦ̫ˣ˺ܾܿǶɵˣȻֱʱеĻɶֻһƲ⣬ûʲô֤֧֡ʱҷ˺ڹһΪ˵ϰΪȴ˲Ѱ
Ҷָָ۱ҿͰѴѵ¯ߵ뿪֮еȼյ˳ڽ²ˣȻռҵʱ֪֣֪֮Ϊ˰Щûȥ¯µͣͬʱҲ֪ˣˮֶŮΪϵ̰С˵ľٶǸŭԡңһ֪Ĳ򣬾ɽȥɹǿ˿һЩǮ˵ʵʱҵȷûаѻɵصϡֱַʦ̫ɱַȫһһεĿ飬ԽеģΪӣҰص˺ڹϣ
Ϊʲô뵽ĪԼĥһ£Ҳʵɡ
ҶʬǳģڶƤ˵Һ档ǣϸ۲ЩҺ״֣֮ǵķȻǴͷŵķģͲˣŮʱ⡭ǸʲôһΪҪǰնƤϵҺӦǷܺ˵زǷǳֵƣɴ˿ɼνҺܿܲġǣһ£ֹȻҺճĸоͬţȻŵζǣе⣬Ȼˣ
⼸ɱݺüֵǷзġ¬ȻݲãҲ˵ˣĿӸƣ־ȻؽƸԼװæʦ̫ԶֶŮڹãǳ𾪣úϸҶ˵ҺȻʣȴЩ⣬ʵΪʲô
ĪԵһЦƺû׾ò⣬ִѾ˵ˣαװǸŮ˾Ƕɵģֻǻûȷ˭ʬϷҺʵֶֻ˲ܾӴûġȻǿ϶ǳˣڹþǳ
¬ڵ԰ԷʱϡϡҲģοֲֻһˣ
Īһ£ҲҶ


117 
Ҷ΢ЦӦû󷹵ϡճǲһģðϡŪ̫嵭ˣ̫ҺȻڹõΨһɣֻǽҵߵԭһ뵽뵽˺ڹҪŤһ˲ӣرʦ̫ʦ̫书ֵĲӣܴһڹþ߱ڹˮʦ̫ԶֶŮǸ򣬾Щʦ̫ЩСɶģǹϵǲڹˮʦ̫ݣܵˮʦ̫Ĺգˮʦ̫ھˣļüݺݵİֶѡкܶ˵ĵطҪӰ죬ø֪ɱȻǼɱͻ룬ǵעڸǶɽĿĵɱʱġҲҪһ㣬ҷһָԵ֤ݣ˺ڹá
ʲô֤ݣ¬ڸĪͬʱʵ
ҲҶ
ҶǰѾ˵ˣҿڹð˼ûȥ¯ʱһûа¸ϵһ𣬿ǵҷܺϵҺαģΪڹ÷ƶе˵Χ˼Һܿ뵽顣
˵ҶȡһСֽˣһССİ뽹Ķ֪ʲô𣿡
Χ۵˶ҡͷ
ҶʱҲ֪뵽ڹòȼŵĴ飬ұ㻳ɣСƬ᲻Ǻڹģ
ãȻӣҶæֵ뽹СƬڿݽɱֳķʱڷϷֵģ
ôһͣˣȻͷֻ̾֡
ҶŵʱһֱΪǲɻӷĿʱ򣬲ŷµģͨŽ̸֪һЩʿȥʹ÷ľϣˣǽɻһ㶼࣬ͨ򿪷ĻӦʹõķͲڷµ̤ĺۼֺۼüݽñɱķϣҲĺۼֻ˵ʵµģṦôҲϺڹṦһص㡣ˣڹóص㻳ɵĶ󡣶һȷص֮ҲĶΪĿɽˮʦ̫ȻʵʩһеĿĺܿΪ˰ˮʦ̫ˣؼʱٳֿвˮʦ̫ȡ˵飬һٴγ֣ɱλʦ̫һǣһ֡
Ҷ¬һۣϹװźȥƣڸڹþƵʱҹװ˵©ˣһᴫأ԰ףȻˡǣǱҵšҵĲӣסˡץסɱ˷ȻԴΪͻƿڡڹȻĺȴǸûộȫ˵ˡˮʦ̫ʱѾչأ֪ڹñץ飬ԲûǱӡ
ס˶ţΪˣȻֶͨΣһĳţֻԺ޹ˡ
¬Ҷִ¾᲻ᴫأ
Ҷ书λأˮʦ̫ѾˣҵǺȤһûʲôʿаæٺ٣
¬ɫͱˡ
һԵʦۿţ廰˵ʵƶҲǰҲЩɵģһƶᵽɽʫΪ˷ֹ˰סλʫܾɣرǻţȫԿ϶ǲûаסһƶִ±֤ٺ١
Ҷһ⻰֪ǲ£Ӷɵĳţͷ΢Цȫţ¸Ҳûʲôϵһ²һ¡
⻰¬ɫԺá
Ҷʦܷ񽫻ŵʫ¿õʫʾ䣬һҪݶġ
ʦͷȻԡ˫ʫΪһʢµļ棬ʦѾ˵ʫռˣȡǵģݸҶ
Ҷһɵˣ벻ȻԼͷһɽϮʫڤڤ⡣ϸһ飬ѩ׵ľֽ¶˵ּмЩģƺǱŪɢˡ
ͷƶϡΪɽ֮ǰȻ꣬Ǻֹܿͣˣϵɽ̫ѾˣԲھֽǡ
ѵǻµ᣿
뵽Ҷʶ̧ͷ˻һֻۡҲڳ߿Ŀһˡ⸴ӵҶǰɽʱȦǺġǾ˵ֽϵᣬӦµġ
Ϊʲôޣ
ѵΪ˼˵λã
ȻǣǰûⷽĴģУҲûбֳ̫ĽȡΪʲôأ
ҶȻ̸üŮѣȴûиһй飬ȻܴĦǸӵĸ仯
룬벻ףҡҡͷȥ˼ˡ
ѾǶɵĴ£ȻҪصġǣɱ㿪ʼŵƽʣ;ˮα
ΪѾˣҶûɽμ䡣ֺ˸˻ֻԵкǣûвǵľս
ⳡսսҶͿ¬Ҳ׿˾нҶƵƵٱ˵׻ǺܸмҶ׷æ׵ģҪȻͱ˳֪űףҲɨˡ
ҶҲԸύλƳʫˣپƺȵõҲ
ڶ죬ҶѺﷸˮʦ̫ͺڹ׼ɽ̡֮ǰҶȥóʮͭǮҲʣµлҶҲʣղ
ѾƽòĶûбҪȥ롣ԣûиҶ˵ʲôֻϵ˵磬ԺҪõǶɵĵطܷԸȫ£
˵ĵģҪûҶҲ
Ҷܸˣ˶ǿԮԺ˵ʲôʱõϣæãǿɾллˣ
粻ؿ
֮Ҷɽ͵˰ɽͱͤŻָ
ΪѾüߵҲһˡĪҶָǰҶǺܿ𣬶Ϊϰ참СЭͳڣѾȫ׿˳ɼҶ޲ڡ
ԺԺжի;ǵһ¬ҲҪݣǸҶһصݳǣ֮ŷָ
ҶʹͷѺﷸصţͼռࡣ


118 СЬ
ſڣˮʦ̫Ҷֵܣ֪Ǹˣܲܰһæ
ˣҲʲôˡҶ벻Ȼһ˵ӡ󣬡ʲô£ܰĿԡ
ҡˮƬ̣ŵһӣһ̣¡
ҶЦϽסɫĶӣ
Բû˵ҳ֮ǰɷġãɷ˴ˣ˽ʱѾң鷢վҡѺиүү̡Ҳü˸Ҳ֪ҵļҲö֪ҵ顣ֵ飬ǲҪҵ¸ҶӺͼˣҾһˡˣ
˵գʮʩ
Ƴʵϸĳƶȣֻо׼ҷ뺵ˣܳΪɮΪŶЩ˶еǼǣа֮ǰˮĵŻĶӣԸö֪ĸɱ˷̳
Ҳ֮飬ҶͷҿԴӦ㣬֪ͨˡ㱻дִ̣֮ʬף㰴ʬ״ˡ
ˮȻһЦʩãлˣת߽˴Ρ
ҶԼˣҵ˸Ǽǳ˵˲Ҫ֪ͨˮļˣȻǩѺ
ͳһָӵģݸŵĹʷԵΰĶͳҶûֱ㱨ȰٳصĿˡ
Ҷ˵ɱѾƻ񣬾ȻǶɵøɵģȵ۾ɴˡֶ֮ҶֱʷӦ㱨ġ
ҶϿҵҵ쵼ȻҪ㱨ȥ㱨عٲֹܣҶԴᣬҪֹܵƨĺá齫ҲҪ㱨ģһ㱨ֳԼ쵼ء
ȻԴ˺⣬΢ЦѾ֪ˣȥ򹢳ʷɣ
ҶŴͷݸţʷѾ˵ˣⰸҶֱͨȥ֮ȥȴǹ˾
˾ҶĻ㱨ͷִˣһ򹢳ʷģв¾ˡ
ҶȻλȨı˽ӳʷûʲôøУҲգֻ˾˵Ѳ£һۣСΪʲôԼʷ᲻صӣأӦ˵ӻ漰һЩص飬Ҫʷ
Ŷ˾Ķʲô飿
ҶֻڱһڣȻ˵װΪѵӣϵ߲ʵǡٺ٣
˾ɫЩѿ룬Ǻãȵȣȥʷ
Ҷһӿ϶Լжϣʷţ˾Ȼ˵ưˣȻԼʲô
˾֮󣬻ͷһСӵҲ飬ȻԼġԺ򽻵ǵעһЩöදӡ
˾ʷ֮󣬹ݺüݷ鰸ѾˣٳִҶڶɽʱзֵģﷸйˣȻǶɽŮᡣЩɱֻΪ˶˶ĿġЦٺ٣
˾û˵Ҷμƴ˰ȴѰ赭дعżȻưǺԵģǾ㲻ҷֹͣҲָԼô͡㲻򹢳ʷҾƫᡣ
ȻʷֻŶһû̫˷ܣҲûҶֻǻӻֵ֪ˣǰˡ
ǹ˾ϣģԸˣҪߣȻֱʷסˡʷ룬ʵ׷ǶɵŮ᣿˭
һʲôˮģһﵱԶֶŮ
Ŷʷ룬⵹е˼ִ½˵˵ӡ
˾벻ʷָı⣬һתֵˣִ»˵漰ϵ߲Ҫ飬ǸݸŹԱйأҪ򹢳ʷءղűְ˵ˡǸ
ʵҶû˵ǹϵݸŵ飬ֻ˵ϵ߲ģĻȴֱ˵˹ϵݸŵĹԱΪʵѾҶô˵ֻһڣڵԼӣҶһ£㲻˵ôϵشҾͷʹȥҪǸƭʷǾƭϹ٣ÿġ
һ⻰ʷüͷһ壬û˵
Ҷһ鷳ù˾ԸˡϽӦ˳ص˻Ҷʷ룡
ʷǩѺȻ˾͸ˣѷˡ
Ҷ֮󣬹ʷЦǺǵ벻ִһԱǵɽҲܰѰˣݵĸ
ҶһôһˣûнͣǰƾԼϸ˵һ顣һ˾ĻҲͲˡ
ʼʱ򣬹ʷĵţҶܵƹ̵ʱ򣬲ɵǾȣ˵꣬̾ãܺã˵Ƶģֻǫѷѣȴ㵱ˡƵ÷ǳľɣﷸҲǳĽƻǣħһߣһɣֻ֣©ܺã
Ҷæ˼䡣
ʷֵ˵漰ݸŵĳ٣ô°
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣Ͼǹ˾ʹǲԼֻһڵġ磬ҵһӦ˵ǣѹݰˮĽǽϵ󶼶ݴʷү¬ϵУץˮǲҪү
Ҷʱ뵽϶ɽʱʦ̫ȳӭӣʱˮ԰ڵ˵ʷ㡵¬ΣǶݵֽӴ¬㡣ʵҲʲô飬ҶǰΪһ£ֻҪһ飬֮ǰĽڣˡ
ʷŴӣҲʲô£ү˵һҲáˣ±졣ֻҪרİ참ͺáסүԹʵģһҪ֤ݸʵҪô©ȡһιءס𣿡
Ҷæסˣ빢ʷģһѰӰá
ΪӰش󣬴ǰͶܶ࣬ص֤ݻǺֵܳġҶһ̷ϱĲдʣʵı֤ݵĲ˽һ޸ģγո屨ʰоˮͺڹöˣдն̡ʱݸšͬʱת͵ݸŵĴΡ


119 ʫ̨
æЩʱ򣬶ŶҵҶڶõİ¶ʫõ֮ʫӡΪ֧ʫǿģҲǼеʫԤ˹עһЩ֮⣬αҲҶΪʲôҪҪԭߵλĲ֣ҲߵЯߺҪĿɽ뾡ʩչչԼֲʧ
ǰ뷨ǣھڻϵ̸֮ʼЩģǲڸĳжҪԼһӡɲԸٵǹʹʹ٣Ҫ漰ԼСǻСҪ
ˣһµļƻ
ڶ죬ʫݳǵ佻Ϫ߾С֮ǰѾĴ̨Ӵˣ˸ߡһŵĳӣսáǰ棬ǲŵĳԱ
ʫᣬˣֱԺԺжիٳԺԺһλĺ岩ѧκԼ˽ӣյӣӰ졣
ٳǵİ¶ʫҶһˣΪͷԳݣȻʫ糤ȴûбݸŵ֮ʫȽ϶࣬ǰչ˫ʩе̨ҪȡǣҲѡ˲
ٳǰ¶ʫʫĸ糤Ҷ֮ʫԭݵһĲ˾ǵһ¬ڼʫ磬¬ΪĲ˸
˫ǰҪгԳսԱҶͷһ飬ͷ˵ǰʵԱȽǿҷӱȽȶǰ档ǣҶȴɶŶ椴ͷ󡣼ڶŶʫĳɫ֣Ҳ͵õ˴ҵϿɡļˮƽ൱ֱŮǰеĵ󡣸һݵһŮƺŵĻʫ޵Ρ
ʫһĴŲûпĴ磬ֻǼ򵥵һǳɫĴһ˿ճ˵ߣӣȻǳעĿĽ㡣Ҷ֮󣬲ûرı飬ƺ֮ǰ鶼Ѿ֮ԺƵġ
һ̫Ҫˣе˶սɽ˺ģǰļαλ֮⣬˶ֻվš̨ӴñȽϸߣվԶҲܿ
ʽʼ
¶ʫ̨ǶŶ椡֮ǰǳĽţҶİţҲûа취ֻܾӲͷƤϡ
벻õĿ֮Դë֪ôʵʱĶߴҶϸϸȴǳҪţԼд
Ŷ־ϲҶȻԼգգ۾벻Ȼı£ɴϲ㰴Ҷ̵ʫдˣȻɻ֮ʫǰ棡
ЩӣλཱུĶŶ椵ѾݴˣļʫʵУȻҶϮġʫҲҶæϮǧƪȻõ˲ŵһ¿϶
ŶҶа£նԷԱ󽫣һֱɱ֮ʫĸĲǰ
Ŷ椵֮ʫĿɿڴʫȷǳĺãʤ֮һʱ֮ʫ˱ȹϵһˡ
Ĳ֮ǰԶŶǸ۵ģ벻Ȼ㷭ʫһ̨֮ǰѾһͷëĶʪˡղ˶Ŷ椵ʫȲϣһ׶༪١
ǣҶԼļƻһΣѡһ׺ͨʫ̸˶Ŷ椡Ĳһݵһӣֵ»мˢӵġһΣŽ˼ҵۣƱһƱþ֮ʫʤȻþͬʱҲǵ֮ʫѾ䲻𣬸һλᡣ
նԷԱ󽫣ѾöŶ椷ǳ⣬ЦտҶֿЦͣߵǸһΧޡսүүŴҲֵźЦ
ǣǺܿЦˡ¶ʫĳԱûҶȻĲλݵһӵĶ֣ǣ¶ʫͬҲ峡
˿̵Ĳһɨ̨֮ǰĻֺ̿;ɥ⣬ҡӣȻԵõӣķӼ֮
¶ʫĸʫϳˡ
ȥݵһŮսĲλݵһӣȻһйսһ쳤˲ӡ
ʫɫƽõĿ֮һֱ˼ֱһ̲ʣһ͡
˫ʫжʱۣеľĲʫãҲеľûʫ޵ĸʤһִ
ŵҲǷļҵۡգͬҲǶһͶƱþʫʤ
ĲûбʾԣʫȻʫ޵ģȷ˵˭ĸáȻôˣֻܷӡͬʱһԷԱ󽫣ǰսŶʤúܼ֮⣬Ķɻʤ԰ˡ⹰̨
֮ʫ¬̨ˡ񣬷棬Ĳ֣ȴûлûʫ޶࿴һۣЩơ
һ˵ʫٴ˳˵ļۣղž֮ʫ¬ʤ
գ˫սˡ
Ҷ̨һ۳£ͷڴ񣬿ŶЦգ۾ʫƽŽŵ飬Ŀǰλӵαٵϡ
¶΢Цͷڴ
Ҷ΢΢ͷ¬ڣֵ¬ּ֣ˡ
ǰյݾ˵߲ʫܸд裬ʵǷǳҰ
ƤЦⲻЦغ˼䣬㿪ʼ⡣Ϊ˷ֹףʵеƣҲǲиĿֵڳȡһ⸳ʫ
ȡĿǡݹ
ݳٳּһҲ֪һ޽ģǵڻΡȻһȫǾɫ
¬ݣҲȥ͹кипһдһӽޱ鳤ʫ
Ҷȴ˼һֱһ㶼ȼˣûжʡ˶رǰ¶ʫļŶżֱţô±ʣʱˣ
ǻʫ޻ס˼ݣ߲ʫ֮ܣӽҲʲôƫ⣬Ӧûġô˵һֱȵһ㿰ҪȼˣǱ¬ѾͣʣҶʣһ͡
һͷϨҶһҲдˡ
дộҶ֪Ӧдһ׾䡣
Ȱ¬ڵùٴжһ׳ʫ¬óĻ壬壬дһ׳˸ĳʫ̨йսһҡͷԣ崺ܡ
ʫϣºȲɽкڶ
¶ʫ˵ɫȻЩأǶҶʫ̫ˣҶһü򵥵ľսʤ¬ڡ
Ҳ¶΢ЦҶʯ쾪Ĵ


120 ʫ
֮ʫʫҶġ֮ǰ羴ģΪҶǰĴѾˣкЩƾƷеľƷλҲǰݶģԣҶǷǳľġǣֻ˵һ䣬ϵ΢Ц㵴Ȼ޴ˣһΡ
ûӹһ˵۾رǼαٺͼУǵ۾ɲɳӵģҲ֪λҲϲѧ壬Ҷʫ֮ǾȣҲɻ󣬶һֿЦõı飬Ǵˡ
ǣԺԺжիôɵˣ
ֻɵˣҶҶȴûа㲻˼΢΢һЦͷʾС
ǣֻÿ˼˵εĿУʼ׼ȷ˵УʹһһֵĶ
Զʯں
ϸ֡
гһշ
ϸ֡
֮󣬳ǧһɵˣڵ󣬲ԼͬЦһʱ䳡ҳһš
¶ʫĳԱһĶɵˣֱԼĶ䣬дôǧž߲ʫĴҶĴҲ˵ʫѾ䶨ˣƪֻʫҲûǰ̧ͷˣ
Ŷ૵ģһǿЦдõʫģҲ֪ʱѾȼ꣬Ҳ˵ҶѾûʱдһˣһ״ʫĽ֮
¬ڿһҶ֣ǲǲԸͽ̰ȻΪҶʵˮƽҶڹ⳰ŪԼ
Ҷûлش١
ɫ࣬ͻȻһתϯȥ
кܶ˶֪Ҷĺ̨Ȼ뿪ȻҶʧ˼㡣һʱֻ˶͵Ц
ҲǷǳ⣬õҶʫˣȻˡɿЦҡͷ
գһ²þ֮ʫ¬ʤɴˣʫ̨֮ʫٴζ
벻һˮƽıվȻʫսᣬв۷׷ףҡԴ̾Ϣ˵Ц뿪ˡ
ĲҶг󣬼ֱֿ˻벻ͨҶʫţôд˳ҲһеĶЦǳĿġƺΪʫʤˣ˶֪ΪҶĶ˵ĸˡ
ŶȥҶֿο磬ѹ϶̫˶԰ɣûµģ
ͷҲ΢ЦǰοʫҲĴ۾ȰοȻû˵һ֣ȴܵ顣
Ҷûж˵ҲûнֵͣǸһ£ˡ
˵գ̤뿪ˡ
ΪҶ׵ﵽк޵ģ˴οҶڳҲеǳĿ⡣ֻûб¶ҵߣοˣЩˡѾˡ˵Ǻģǰ¶ʫԭ˰֮ʫԭĶԾƹʤĲʫջʤģ
˿Цֻϵľʤѡ
Ҷ뿪Ѿߵĳ÷һԲϳ÷ϳɫ糣ûоɥֻ̿ѹӣ΢죬ʤ˱ҳ¡
Ҷ뻳ĻȻȥǺȵСƣˡþû質ˡ
÷ղڼαϯĺ棬ȻǼȥûеȴн֪϶ȰҶȥٽһ£Ǽû˼ҪȾƳ裬ֻǿ΢ЦͷӦˡ
ȻٺҶ취ȥ١
֮ôԼĿĵġٰһУΪ䵱ǰ䣬ͶԾΪٴǰҪҪܵİðͬʱҪøֻμӸʫ磬ҪԱ˵ע⡣Ҷ֪ΪʲôôżҪ֪ԼܳٻʲôӦ죬һ֤
֤ͨķǳԼԼĶǳķŭַŭǲֶǧʧʧԼƻܴ۵һߺ;ɥٵַӦҶˣĲǿԼĲŻԼԼĿĵġ֪ʲôĿģǣҪ취ĿġɲҪΣõͷʹôĶ֪
Ҫ٣ԲΪ˽ͣΪ̯ơ֪ԼģپԲΪεʧҲԼ϶ټԼġԣҪԼȥپͻټ
ȻڼСƿ÷ֱҹϢġ
˳÷סҶ÷֪Ҫ˵Ļ˳ȥֻʣ
ȻĳԾƸ裬΢΢Щ죬漴Ҷô£ʫϴǳ
ϲҶٵǸϴ󡱵ĳƺһ㳡϶ôС
Ҷʼ磬ʵʫûôġ
ⰡϴѾˤ˺üˣһûмôҪ㣬ϽôͰɡǧţϴǳģֻ̫ʧˡ˵϶ǴĵģҪúøͰ
ҶգЦԴҵúܣҲ֪ô죬ңҰ
ｿʲôʱˣ㻹֣
ûкְ˵ģҪǲԸǾˣȥ˵Ҿ£û취˵վ
Уһѳסŵøģú룬ȥ
ңҲУ
Ƥֱûа취ֻøһİۣǰͷԵţ촽ᴥһ촽
УֻǷܣûУҶֵ
ѽһεҡҡͷ׻ǱסĲӣúõһʪǡ
ߴ˿ʣܿ˰ɣ
Ҷ촽Ʒζһ촽ζŵͷ´οɲô͵ˣ
ûذһۣ𣿡
ţˡ
ߣƭңҰΪ㵣ģŤ֫
Ҷ§þûиҸڡ
ߴĻֻǣҲ㡭Ȳ˵ǸϽ߰ɣϴ󻹵ء
Ҷûзſϴ󾿾ʲôϵ˵ʵҪϴŮˣǡ
һ£ϴһֱҵŮһֶšǹؾصҵٳ裬ʫ˵ǲŮˣ˵§סҶĲӣҵֻװһˣǾСԩң㻹Ҫװ𣿡


121 ٵļ
ҶЦָʵظҿġ
ޣһڣס֣Ͻ߰ɣϴ󻹵أ
ҶҲ֪ⵢ󲻵ã÷˵ˡ÷һҪټҶ˵黹صأɵǸǽšΪֻ˵ټҶûó÷ȥֻõڼҶ͵ſڣǧͣǧҪ
ҶСϱƵģӦˡ
ܿϼûвμʫᣬΪЩżҪҶȥæϵˣ֮Ѿ˵ˣ֪ϸϸĥ״ʫʼҲҶʫ̫ϷȴֳĬˣȵҶ뿪ŶԳ÷㲻õģҵǾ˳Ȼף˵ĵȴǳ̣ǡ˾ľġ˾ֻʢŭ֮ûᣬȵӦþʫˡ
÷ɻܿϼ˵ϣǿοĻһ룬ɵ۾һƵ԰ôû뵽أ
ܿϼȻһЦνңһΪãżˡûڳǺģԾһЩ
÷飬ʱһɨüһܴġ

Ҷݸš
ΪǱ٣ݲûԼķסԾסһݸŶרԺ䰲ñ١ԺϺԼĺ԰ǳľƣִڻ൱ڵ侯վڣԱʾٵӡ
һ·ͨģһֱԺſڲ³ִڵʶҶϽʩ
Ժ䣬ãٲûеÿյġµʹ֪ٶһȥ԰ȥˡҶŵȣԼȥ԰١
Ҷ֪ǵٵüӵһְ취ЩҪõֳԼǱôģ취֮һǰһߡԣţҲûѾơʵûкȶ٣һ·ɢòˡ
аʱٲ˽ڵ¡
Ҷ˵ԼҲ˵һʱЩ䳡
ϽҶʹɫҶЦϴôûпˣ
ﱾҶϽǸ벻ҶȻô˵ƺһٵ˼ɵǽգݺݵصһۡ
Ҷȴ·ûпһ㣬١
ٱѾƸƽĻֱҶⲻű߼ʵĻҶ㲻ãӦöԽһ𣿡
ΪϴءҶװźӣʼ磬ϴȻҽͣҾͽһ£֪ϴٵݣһֱƣǣϴһԾ죬»ص͢ĵģԴҼŲɡֻϴæһֱûлҲûл˵ĻýʫĿݱҾȰοһ£дʫϴǱݣһ²㡣ϴתǬʱƶˣص͢ģ
ˣϸϸһ룬ɲֻķȰοٿЦá
ҶĽͣٵҲҶ˵ɫƽһЩҪοңôĳϣϴڻ˵Ļ𣿡
ϴĽ̻ôءϴҪҾܵһҵ֪ȣ¬μʫᣬһܺõĻᡣǾǵһӣֻҪҶʫҾǡ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҵĻƫƫҪҪıд׵˳֪ҶεȵĺҪ˳οңȫ֮д˸ңΪʲôҪҪĳô˳Ц
Ҷҡͷ˵ʵϴҲʫˡңɢôô˵ҵʱϴȻ΢ЦüȴеİҾ֪ϴ֮ȥĽᣬ֮ʫдϴţûϴϴô̵ӡţһӣϴ󶼲ʫҲϣϴ󲻹ô澳УҪԼܷҲܵתһнпܣ
ҶôͣԭԼ̣˵ҲǳһƬģŭһ֪ܸ¬ĳϱԣǺεѵãȴˣķʽˣķǳʧ
¬ڻᣬҲ࣬ԺʫĻźܶ࣬Ҳż˵ˣ縡ƣѣЩںġΣ費пͥǰ䣻ȥ⣬ƾ棡
һ£Ҷ䣬Ԫĩĵ˺Ӧġ˸̷ƳȻ֪ӦĻ˻ľƽͣȻԼʱǳϣеһľֻǣ;ϴչͼҶȻҲģȴûıѼᶨ;
ǣҲᵽҶֳȻĴ̬ȣϣҶǱ۵ģǳҶʫţҶдʫ׵ʫҶƫƫдˣٻ֮ϸϸ˼֮£һָоǾҶ˸̫ԣԼԸ񡣵ʱʮֵĿ϶ڣҶг񵭳ȻĶ֪ԼǶԵģ
УҶȥԼȫ̼ƻпգ
ͷţڣͨһ㣬Ǿǣ˵ǾͲԼļƻУǾͺܹܿһ
ǣһԱߵһ죬ȥЪϢɣȻȥǡ
֪һзǳҪҪ̸ҪԼ֪Ȼǳǵĺ棬ΪϵҶ׼иˡڣ¡ûж˵ĬĬת뿪ˡŵʱ򣬽ŴϣֻٺҶˡ
ҶаԵ⣬ļƻʵʲôԶˣҪҲͲƤȥ¥ſӸ˼Ҷʫ׬Ǯ·ԴˡһУװǻƣĿֻһǾ˵׼Ҷʲôֻ֪࣬Ȩţһ˵
ٵ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷû˵֪ʣԷҲ˵
ٿɬһЦԭǳļ򵥣ʹᣬڵ⳯ʳڿʳһ鼦ȣʥͻȻҽȥҲûж룬żȽȥˣʥϼȻŭ˵ʧǣ㵱ּұ˾Ҽ뾩ұˣ


122 
ҶĿ֪࣬ƳԱ緹ǹṩģϳڽǵһŵųԻʵṩġʳڳԵʱȥ˵ҲǾԼʵ۹ϵҲû̫עǣżȾͽȥˣΪȣ١Ҳ̫˼ˣ
̾Ϣһŵ˵飬ûκôҷǳơһֱ֪ʵΪʲôҪһɵɱңΪ֮ǰʧĵطҲܶ࣬еıֵģʥ϶ûбʾκβã벻ȴ
ҶҲǰʧʥû˵⣬ţһʵ̲סˣԼбˡ
ǰɣҲ̫ΪˣΪʥϺܳң⣬ԡ̾Ϣ˼ҶһۣҲľһӣҪ취ʥԭҵĹʧΪ͢Ч㣬ǰʵҵĿˣ
ңҶڨڨֻһСѣֻңڣܰϴʲôأ
ܣֻҪϰæ
ϴ֪֮ҪõҵĵطܷԸֻҪģһ
Ҷѻ˵úǰģҪôΣգǻǲеģǰᣬܲΪ˰ˣԼСŪˡ
ٵ֮ǰһֱûаʵ㣬ΪһҪ۲ܷʤΣȷܹʤ֮һʵģڣֻȰ˵ˣҲţܹʤڴæ񡣡
Ҷû˵˵
ٵ»ص͢ٸԭְǱʥǰ˵ˣ˵㹻ķҪһ㣬Ǿͱõʥϵĳšڳ͢Ϊٶ꣬Ѳ٣ǣԸæȴ˵ĻáõȴֲԸæһЩʵϣҵùġʷ̨٣Ϊڼ˻ֱԵ˲ˡҵù٣Щ˿϶ڰˣôһȥأ
ҶϴΪҿԳΪһûʵ۳ŵܰ˵ˣҶʵۣǿͯеѵԼһҲ߽Ĺ£ϵĵ
ٻͷʵ۵ϲҷǳ˽⡣ǳɣθᵽҪעѡЩͨɶֱĹԱͨĽ̸ҷɷǳͨǳᣬʥϣõ˲šǣҲ֪νͨɣ⿿˵ǺѸ̵ӡģҪûʲôɻϷ̾ĳɼҲԷڣ֮һֱǿҪرǴҪԭ򡣡
Ҷͷʵ㲻ҲģȻϴѾѻ˵ˣԺһע⣬ش󰸼Ʒ
ţٽŵҪͨ참ʥϵע⣬ûǲܵģһݵİ취ܵʵȥһհӡͷǳˡȵʥ㣬㵱ұ۵ʱĻ͹ˣʱ֪ô졣
Ȼʵ۽ԣϴٸԭְˡҶǣʲôܵʵ۵ȥأ
УǾ߲ʫʫţϳʫ˲٣Ǿ֪߲ʫֶǾƷƷģ㣬ûбˣƣ
ٺ٣Ҳô˵ҶƤҲãȷԼǧŵʫ̫ˣ˭ԼʫƪĶ֣ʥҲϲʫˣ
ʥϲʫʣǣȴûеĵزһˣʵߵҪˣǳϲʫʣʵַǵϲԣֻҪʫܹõֱͣʵأ㲻õʵ۵ĳŶѰٺٺٺ٣
ҶЦЦʵߵˣ˭
ˣ
ʳǻ֮ǰҶЩλŮˣ˵˳ǳһԳȣȻǳ𾪣ϲû¶㣬һãȻӣˣĸˣ
ʱ컹ԶԶûгֻȻߵһССĲ˶ѣ¾󲿷˶֪ҶȻһ֪˵˭ıǳã
ٽ͵ȵߵһˣȵۼݱ֮չ棬ȵ۵ûŮһ볤ҵΪᡣȥ£Т֮ʥϱл˻ʹѾУ±裡
ҶʷǱȽ˽ģװһãȻʣղŻعӣ
ȻҪæЩҪ˵͸λ˸ʥʵȵۻûмݱ֮ǰˣʥϸҵġ˽ҵ֮ʥ͵͵صҵ¸ᣬӱʱµġ֪˻֮ʥϱ˾ģлػʹԤƽºӽʥϷǳˣ˽͸¶˵һӽɲˣʥ׼ΪǣһҪϧ˵²ãҾͱˣ
˵ٳ̾һһ̾ϢȻΪ콫ǣţʵô˽ܵ鶼ԼȴΪԼżȥԼ٣ʲôñŽס̾һ
Ҷ֪ʣλˣܵûʵ۵ĳ𣿡
ǰѹʥ˵ʵʱΪʺ룬Ҫǲ谮֮뷨ԣܿ϶ֻҪõʶҲ൱õ˻ʵ۵ʶǳϲʫʣÿγȺҪʫһЩóʫʵĴ󳼶ʫʤܻʤһЩóʫʵĲӣõΣ֪ٶλ˵˼
ϲʫʣҶʫԴ֪ġȫʫ¼ʫʮ֮࣬ʱʫרһپСּϧûʫȻĲ࣬ûرģʫķչʷϣžصλáʫǲ̫ϲģԼʫǳעʵеıĴƶʫʵĸ£رǴٳʫĶͣʹʫ߳ʫĸʹʫչͷ١ͬʱ찮ϧ˲ҲʷϺģЩ˲оͲһЩʱʫˡ
ҶԼĴĶȤֻʫʶǳϮģҪԼһ׶׼ϮϾɵˡˣҪʫΪԷļһĻﻹǶٷġң϶ò׵ģԼҪɫԵӱʵۿˣֻ¾֮ˣ
Ҷ粻֪ģģ滮ֻҪҸİþˡ㲻òġΣ


123 Ǳ
Ҷзɿţɻȡʵ۵ͣʫʻĺøУӶΪʵ۵ĳ購ʱ˵ûٸԭְԼ顣Ҫ˵ΣգڻʲôΣգҪ˵ûκΣգȴҲô˵黢⻰˵˵ġΣպܶ˶Ըð
ϵΣ֮⣬ôΣա̲ܵı£ҪԼƵʵǰҲȫܵġǣԼǲҪһ·ΪƳĸ߹٣
뵱ʿǺʿȻѡ;˭ϣߵøԶٵøһҶ֮󣬾ץסɳһҵ
Ҷʵϴôļƻ𣿡
ҵļƻʵܼ򵥡룬ǾƻгһҪðӣرشѵİӣһر𽻴İӽ㣬һʵĻʷү֪ͬʱҪܵøֻչʾʫţһʫᣬһҪ뷨跨õһΪݵһӣңҪ¬ǵһӣ֪ΪʲôʱҿԸ㣬ؽģƻһ֣
ҶʱˣΪʲô¬ǵһӻݼһݸŵʲôʫᣬҸõʫ̨˵Ϊǵһӣݲμʫһ㶼αݲμӣʱԵչʾһԼʫҲˣʵڷԼݵصʫ˽жԾνǿѹͷߡ֮Բμʫ粢Ӧٳǰ¶ʫ̨ʫıԭںġȻ϶ɽˮʦ̫ȡˣӦòٵİţֻˮʦ̫ץסؽƸ
ٽ˵ȡݵһӵͷ֮үԸ佱ҴԸүȡĺøСյĿǳΪĻţصĹǸɡүʥϵ磬һ򽻺áÿүҪʹݼʥɡʱصĻţܳΪеһԱʥϣչʾĲŻʥ֪ɷĳɾͣߣǵļƻͳɹˡ
Ҷа룬ֻһԸкܶ಻ȷӦ棬ô򵥡ƻɹؼĵȻԼܵķӣҲҪԼܷͶԵҪȻôĲӣôûгΪүĻŵģһҪʵۺǷʶԼԼʶĳ̶ȣ󣬻ҪʵԼĴ㣬ǲܹԱҡһϵУȱһṦܴɡ
ڹٳҶҲ֪ģû˵´ҶĻԡԶǳõĽ˵ҶҲһ㣬ϲûб¶ֵǣƽصƻܺãνıˣ졣ҲֻǾΪ
ٵͷ̾ǰŬĴ㣬ٲãҾݺˡ
˵Щ
ҶѧʷѾ֪λٽ䲼Ƶġ顷ƶҲ˵ӦһҪصǡǿ϶ġȻ֪˽ǾһװǳŬӣԱṦͣ
ǣҶվظĵϴģȻ˿ңôشһӽңҷǳĸмһŬȥɣѣҶӭϣѣ񣬱ǷǣҲҪϴٸԭְ
һ˵ѸٸжȦ΢΢ЩʪˡҲֵл
ϴôô˵ٸԭְҲˮǴߣºóⲻһõ
ٴЦһ죬һ㣡
лҶֵ
¸㶨ܺã΢ЦɱúܳɹһҪһүģӡҪץİӣǹʷСӽԪɱ˰ӹʷһֱֽţ԰ڸòܰѾүˣǳҪ󾡿ϱ˵Ӻ鷳ûʷϻƨɡû⵨
ԪұݸŹʷСӣΪһҴ˼ҵӵԴײìܣֽԷͱͬʱɱ˶Էһʹӣ˶ˡ˵غѾ˽һˣҲ֤Ҳܳ֡ΪǹʷСӣڹʷĹ£һֱѹţų͢УԵҶոսŵʱ򣬵ξΪŰа죬ٺٻƵˡǰЩ죬˵ˣüʷ붽죬ݸӷֻø߿ĿǰУҲûй£ӰûбԼӦû̷顣
ҲʷϻƨɣҶվһزȻȻ̷ͱִҪƶƣ䲻ʸжϣλжߣȨжֻҪǴͱ֮ԷӷͬοǳʷСӡ˵ϻƨɣϻϵëҲҰΣ
ֹûʵĻҶڴԽǰĸѧϰģѿڶѾ˵ˣ㡶Ӹ߶ȹעүںһССʷʲôҶȻǲġ˵ˣٻе˼ѾףԼаӣԼѾӣﻹأȻûѡǻȫѺϣⷬ˵ǿȻ
˵úãٴͣǺãҪǾóѿý᰸ԽԽã
ˣϴģһȥ̰£

ڶ죬Ҷõʱ򣬼ù鶼Щ˽ۡȻ֪ΪԼһ״ʫҲΪ⡣
ҶյǩѺͯȥѴ̷ξе½ʽԪҹɱ˰չ
еһݣҶִ°æɡҶˡ
ôˣҶʵ
ǽԪǸӣ
Ҷղû˵ʲô飬û뵽еһԼ¿ˮ˵ľӣҶЩ֣ⰸôˣ
֪ⰸǹʷСӣ˭Ҳҵ﹢ʷԸ졣ǿн죬ǱвáһֱӵڣҲû䣬Ѿˣٲֻ֣ҾҪùˣִ£Ұɣ
Ҷû뵽٩㲻аӰɣ
е´󾪣Ͻʩ񣺡ҲңұԼ죬ҲҰֺõİӽа찡
ʲô˼
˵һ£ɿһԽ참дߣ͵ظ̸ְǹҪӲġ
ҶЦЦҲðɣⲻǰ̷ĵ
Ҳû취Ҫʵ벻취


124 ƾ
Ҷ룬ɣù˾дһרⱨ棬ǩңǩʾ֮㲻ѹǵֶ𣿵Ȼıֻ˵Ὠ飬Ľһ˵
úã취ãȥ죡еƨƨˡ
Ѿ԰֪û˸ҽ֮󣬱⣬һ汨棬취Ūүȥ֪ж£ԼصԳڵľĿɹ
Ҫ죬ҪעЧõЧҶʦܽᡣ浱˴˾ҪöԷⰸжѣǧŰɵģʵƨ¶ûСͿġû»˵££ȻҪߴˡ
ܿȻֻ˵ѣûİ취
ҶϱԼֱӳа졣ԼҡҡͷԼΪ˶㿪ӣɷѿĵغٻڴﵽĿģ벻ֻصԼԼа죬סЦ
űݣ˵ԭί
Щȣ˼ҶǶӣôҪԼ鷳˳а죬һ¾ˡʷҲ鷳
ҶҡͷһȻӵӾΪ漰˸߹٣û˸ҳа졣Ҳһ飬Ҫȵķ˱ҲⲻȥˣԼԳаˡ
˵ϣ̾ܺãڵηȨƣ˾Ȼа죬Ҫǹʷ㵣ţ
һ⻰ҶеЩж˾ԸⱣʹһֱ̬Ҳǳļ͸м
ڳͬʾ֮Ҷе½ʾЦߣ˼㿴ʾݣɵĴһͷͰͶҶִ£ǡ
û£һ£ӹϵشѹأԼɣѾʾ˿Ҳ֧֡˰оڲ϶ҡ
е´Ϊжһ񣬵̷ǰлл㣡ǴҵĿģǣңҲǲ
ô˵ôܵ˰첻ǣϽİɣ
úãеºܿ˾ڹҶҿ˿ͯñȽԶִ£ѣӣܽΣϱ֮ǰû򹢳ʷ㱨˵̨ӲģҪȻƾһʷҲôҺ³ӡ
Ҷ΢΢ЩԾк̨˭
岻˵ǳ͢ĸ߹٣ġ
Ҷа룬͢ĸ߹٣ԭȲҲǳ͢߹̲飬ƷϽĶ֮һҪ˵ү㡣˳ӣʲôɵĵġ
뵽Ҷϵ˭ǶҪ鴦ģۿеЩΣѹȻˣ참һ£참һ£ǸģҪڼԭҪڱԼҪԼȥˣ˭ԭأԣѺҪлл
⻰Щڴʻ㣬еЩģǴ˼׵ġæͷʾͬҶʾлָϽĿ˼䡣
е֮Ҷ˳˼
֮ǰҶõддʣϱᣬڣ֪˹ʷ͢Ҳ֮ԼһҪСġ볯͢ķɾ鷳ˡӿ϶Ҫ죬ô죬ҪȰ˵Ȼֻ½ôĹ֪
ǣȾ̽ʷĺ̨˵ѾôˣҲں༸졣
ʫ޵ĸѾʽι˾ڽл˾ˡɢõʱҶȥԷҶҲȥˡ
ݾ¥żģҶ̫ƣᵽĶ¥ϡ¥ȻûǱһ¥ҪһЩ˿Ͳࡣ
Ҫһλӣ˾ͣο˵ʤ˱ҳ£ûйϵģʫȻϵġҶȴЦžԣҪ˱īѩ׵һǽдˡ費пͥǰ䣻ȥ⣬ƾ桱
ڶ¥ԷҲвǲӣʫ̨ҶѾǰ¶Ժܶ˶֪ʱЩ϶ǾηһֻΪһΪ̨ɥ벻ȻµӸ̸ۣңдһԶľԣؽ۷һڳޡ
ʵҶΪǰʦӴֵĹԱв̸ܽĵĺѡҲ˲ٹٳС˵֪ٳһǾԽλԽǿԴ꣬Ϊ˲ֶΣٵľԽ㣬ϾԽһڹϣһЩüͬʱְѹϵߺãǰȴֵúܳȻѹְһ£ⷴ˾кøУʱҲ̫ĹǡˣҶҪһԼȻĵӡԱЩԱǣͬʱҲЩͬԼԺøС
ȻҶһ̸ۣںʧ̬ȣݾ¥ǽϵ⸱ܿĵѣ費㴫˳ȥ
Ƴ˶ϲʫҪһЩûдʫ䣬ݾ¥ߵĵطǰߣҺű·ˢˡΪдʫ̫ˣøطҶ߲ʫĹֲţʫʤݵһӣ˾ߵִ£ο⸱дó⣬ǳõЩŲĶ˵ϲݾ¥࣬¥ƹҲǶеīˮˣȻ֪еķ˰׶͸ϵȱɴͬװѹһ㣬ʾׯأһ£Ϊ̸ʡ
ƳҶƶ֮ղûжȣ;һܿͲɢˡһС̳մƣ⣬˶Ŷ椼ҡŶ椸ոʫ̨ܶԷԱ󽫣ʫǹˮƽϵεģѾСˣΪĵõ˼㡣ҶλԼҫĴˣǱǰӵȣĸ첲˵Цͣ
ҶȻΪ˼Ǽλʶүүλ
ҶŴҲǸˣ˵ҶƼŵģڣҶ÷ˮԼйˣοҶÿرϲմơʢӴöŶ椰ȥŪСˣ߳Աġ
ҶϺ죬ŴںѾ˾⣬ƵԼеҪĿϡ˵ʷǵĳٹϵУ𣿡


125 ȹϵ
ŴһۣٺЦ㶼֪
Ҳ˵ġֻǾ˭˼Ҳû˵Ҷش
Ŵ˺٣仰ɲǰ˵ġڵ٣˭ûиԶ׽ڣĨŵĹϵ
ǵǣٺ١
ǲǰѹʷСɱ˵Ǹ˻ȥˣ
Ҷ΢΢ЩԾֻ飬λ֪ˣϢ湻ġŴԾӣЦˣ˵Ǵ£鲻ʣ˻ᴫҵĶġ˴鷳˼ұ֮㵹ãԼϳ塣Ҳ֪ÿ㻹Ǹ㡣
˵ţһҡͷ
ҶԿЦҪ˵ԸûȤٱƵģҪȡ㡵ĺøУӶͨ㡣ʵȥ߶Ȼܵ飬˵ֻװһţ»ӣ´˵һ֮ͨڣҲ֪Ӻ治ǹʷܻг͢иߵĸ߹ںֻǲ֪˭Ҫ֪ܲһ£
ν˼ҵҶźþźòҪ˼һõĻҲʵ˵ȥңŴҲϣҶԽԽõģѹϢʵ֪ò׼ȷʷԼڳ͢ûʲôӲĹϵͨݸ˱ݲ볯͢Ϲϵġ
ݣݸĶƷ£൱ڵʡίǡڴʷݵı衣Ϊǽϵ󶼶ŵڵأ󶼶Ĵ󶼶㡣ͬʱּݴʷҪڴ󶼶ϣҲǾ棬شһ㲻ݸľˣݸʵ쵼λ衣
Ҷ˵λ˱ݣֻǣ˼Ǹ߹٣ԼǸСҲûʸԭΪֻǹʷ飬ڣȴǣݸŵʵʵһ裬Ҷоͷʼˡ
Ŵһھƣŵλ˱ݵĺ̨˭²£
ҶãȻҡͷȻ²ǣѾԼ뵽ӦһλǲȨ
ŴһЦ޼ɣ
ҶԴһ£ˡ
Ƴ嶼̫ˣĸ峯ü޸̫ʷĳʺ谮ŮˡʺĶΣǵϡ޼ԼСõ飬ԨǿԪϣλУ˷ǳҪã̸ʮĹ֮ףΪӵεǻǻʵε׾˾ˣΪ̫ξҲ൱࣬ͬʱֳǾһ֮֮ϵĶȨ
Ҷ֪⻹һԭ򣬾ǳ޼лϵԴ䡶顷ֱ׫ˡҲһйʷҪλķѧҡ
Ҷ벻ҪĨŵľȻǣλȨһʱЩɵˡ˵ǲֻ㡶þη֣
Ҷ˵ֻǹʷСӣ޼ɰ˸Ӵţǳ޼ԼСɱˣֻҲҪеİɣ޼ԼҲǷѧң֪Ҫʹа참˰ɣ޼ΪѧңȻֻ֪ǰµˣǾߣҪµ˶ҪѹΣҲͲǳ޼ˡ
ͨ˽ڣҶԷģѾ⣬ˮǻǷȥ˻ˮȹȫԼС˵
Ȼǣ޼ɣǾ͸ҪеĹϵˡ
Ҷ˱ݸ̫ξʲôϵ
ŴмֵʶˡǵĹϵңݻûм֪䣬̫ξμоǩʱ˱ߵִ¡Ϊµ壬ܵó̫ξʶ泤̫ξ֮󣬳̫ξŵة˺շתΣһ˱ݵȷвܣõ˳г̫ξĹգԹ˺ͨһֱڵƷݡΪշתص٣˱Ϊֺܵ͵˵̫ξ֮Ĺϵԣ֮ݺ֪ҲǺżȻĻԵ֪ģƼŵˣ˵ĺûôһ鷳ԣҪǲ˵͸еĹؽڣ㵹ùˣҲÿŸģǧ˵ȥ˱ݺܲϲ˵ġĶɲ˵ġ
Ҷæֳл˵ģԼ˵ȥġʵǹʷ˱ʲôϵأ
깢ʷڽةʱ˱ݾǸߵúܽ˱Ȣ˹ʷķ˵ֵӵıãȻѾˣΪ˶ڽ٣ҲԽԽˡġ
ҶˣɵÿЦνٹ໤ûйϵĻ໥ӦҪ˵һЩϵˡ
Ŵֵ˹ϵлһԭǱ˶ϲ黭ֻ˱ݸó鷨ʷϲ滭óľǴʼīɽˮرǾƺ󣬺ϲǰ԰ڣǰҪһͨźã
ҶЦˣִܶ쵼ϲӹţһֻͿѻȴϲŴԱһ㶼˳ֻǱУȥ
Ŵŵ⹢ʷ˱Ϊ˲̫һ˱ݺܵ͵ʷȴϲ˵˱ݵĹϵ˱ݸ̫ξĹϵ̧ԼΪ˱ݺܲϲ˵ĳйϵ˱ǰҲֻ˵еȨҲ˵˭ֻ˵ԼλȨйϵȴ˵ͨ˱ϵϵġ˶ֻ֪Ȩйϵȴ֪е顣
ҶЦˣλ󸹱ĹʷԼһҲϲٻġȻ˱̬ȣͲܹʷСɱˣͱ޼ȥ
ǣȻ⹢ʷǸϲٻˣ˵˺ҪӣСҪǱɾͶˣֻŬѹԭҪԼãƵҲᾪ޼ĸ߹ȥǹʷݸõĶˣҲԼһġ
ΰӼȰ١⣬ﵽٵĿģֲ﹢ʷҲ⣬ͿԼǻˡ
ҶȻȥ˼⣬л֮󣬱ת˻⣬ʵҲ̫˽⳯͢飬Իʵ۴ºܺ档Ƿ֪ʵһΪʲôأ
£޷ǻʵ۵ǻʺ̫ӣȵȡһЩĪģûʲôԵɾʹˣȻ϶ԭģֻǲ˵ʵҲͲ˵ֱӴˡ
ҶһͷʵŰ참֪꣬һ̰ӿʼ׼Ҫã
ɾ˵ˣпΪҪϱáݸ£̲󱨻ʵۣһٶҪҰɡ


126 Ԥ
ҶʣУͻȻˡװ裬Ǹô죿
ŴǾҪ뼸ϣǷķˡǰһҪҵĹ۲죬ȷǲװ衣
Ҷ˿Ѿһµ뷨ֻǻûϸϸǣ׼ȥ룬ת˻⣬Ŵʫ顣
ǶŴĵ£ʫҶһ״ʫȫȻѾΪЦ̸ˣȻҲʹ˶ŴĶŴûοΪҶԴ˲⣬ҲûбҪȥȰοˡֻǸҶʫ顣
˵⣬ŴѶŶ椽һ˵Ŷ椵Ȼϲˣ˵ͣ
˴ҹˡҶǣص˳÷
ڴϣ§ų˯ĳ÷ϸϸ˼Ӹô졣
ǰŴ˵ˣʵۺܶ˿ûɵģʵв˵ɡ·ʵεĺӣ᲻Ϊеأ
˹ļƣΪ˶ȡʺ֮λϧɱԼĺݺʺ󣬶յóѡĵһӽ٣һԼӰûʵΪĶӽٶ£һܺõ֪ڻʵеҪԵĺð취ΪʵһֻΪ̫ӲŻ£ĺȴҲܵõִ͵̫ͬӦǷıԵġҲţֶλεԸҪʵĿĲ¡
·ݾͺܻܿ£Ŵ˵ˣһ̰ҲҪʱܰ׼ԣǹʷСӽԪʱ⡣Ҳ˵ԼƲûĻԪ˵ˡ
ҪԼβ˳ˮ飬ִԼдҪֲ﹢ʷԼСЬҲҷԴ˭Ҳ
о仰ٵľϣǾܶĽύѣٵˡʷݵڶڵλû֮ϣܲòҪǡ
ڣҪпܴϢ͸©ʷ֤Ǹ޼йĨǵĹϵ𣿲֤Ӧò̫ѡеҪд⣬һһ׵̬ٴӿдһԼ߶ĿҲͶﵽˡ
֤Ҫһʱ䣬ԱʵӰӵԱ㹢ʷ֤ԼƲ⡣
ȻԼƲ󣬻ʵûΪĺӽ£Ҳ򹢳ʷԼѾˣʱУҲͲԼϾѾʷϣҲҼѹŲˡ
µķҶϸϸذƻĥһ飬Ҫ˵ĻҪ¡
ȵϸڶõʱѾǼͷˡ
ϣҶ֮ΣԪ
ԪѺģǣһԺ䣬׼ᣬƷӦоУʱ͵͵¥Ůк𡣳˲뿪Ͼ͸ԼһԵɽ亣ζ˯ý񴲡
ҶȻҲȥԪʱ򣬼ֵбۿԼܲȻ¶ֻ֧֮ʣԪҶһЦѹӣӦ֪İôûԭɣ
Ԫһ˭ҳаҵİӣҽ˭ÿѲǸģ
ҶñӶˣСҲ̫ˣʰһ¡֪ܲİѾͷĹעҲǲ˵ĹעңѾʽɼʷˣҲֻ֪ҪʷʣĽҲǰѹסģΪʷֻʷ̨쵼ǿֱʵ۵˽ˣֻҲԼɴñӻɱ˷ɣ
ԪɵˣȻ֪ʷʲôˣϻΡҲ֪Ҷ˵ûҪĿĲΪ˰İ֤ɽûа취ƷֻΪʱ䣬ȵ͢⣬ԱסҪǼʷʴ˰ѹţʷǿҪñġԲԼĹñЦ
Ԫ亹ˣܺ˿Ҳ԰Ͱ͵㡭Ҫʲô
ҶҽģղĿ˵̬ȣʵûȤ㡣İ֤Ѿ֣ܳҪʲôȻ㿴ңҲûбҪ㣬Ϸɣ˵գһתߡ
һ䡰ϷýԪ̱ڵϡԽǸ˼ҵˣԽΪеٻֵ̫ˣҪʧȥһУѺ϶ͷ̨ͷԪСʧʪһƬҶıӰղ˵ĻԼģȴԼˣ·ˮˣһľͷƯߣ㲻һ׷ҶҾԡԲ𡭡磬Բ𡭡ղ˵ˡҸ˵ţݺݳԼ⡣Ϊ˱ʾ⣬⼸ֵܴնʱɫӡ
ҶһЩӲˡ
˵ɺãԪָԼ̻Ի͵ҵֺõ˵š
ҶͷȥҲһƨϣԪǹվһԡ
ҶѾ˽һ꣬ʷˣǱ˵ģ֪ô뷨
ԪɥҡҲ֪Ҳ磬ȾҡһҪȾҰҽǮģܶܶǮ
Ҷڰ֣Ҫ˵ЩڲΪ취𣿡Ƕ֪ӣҪֻһ·Ǿǵų͢Ĵ⣡ֻ⣬пܻԲԣ
ǣҽͽҲô˵ģҪҰڴεţȵ˴Ϣڽ
ҶڴϢӦһֱûҪȻ򹢳ʷҲһֱѹӲ󡣿ֱҪһ˻ûдϢֻ·һ԰ɣ
Ԫ·һɵôһսѾʪĿʪһƬų˵ͷ֪ôش
Ҷ˿յţѹȻҪ㣬ǾֻмðȥֲѹŲ죬ʷŵģԣҪӰӵֻһ취Ǿʲô
ҡʲôԪڼѵ³⼸֡
ҶЦҪӣǾͱðܻش⣬ҪǰΪʲôԭܹҲֻȥˣʲôʱ򰸷ָʲôʱָܻ
ҪǻˣҶ⼸仰ͻʲô˼ôǴ˿̵ĽԪΪ֪ҪǵڰԼ̳ͨѾŻˣԴľģûзӦҶ˼ɵҶ


127 
ҶοЦôƭΪĲܶ׼ɱ丵ģ
Ĺ£ԪӵܾȻ֪ãȻ
Ҷֻ˵ʱиǳľ¼ҽһʦѧµͬѧ丣κĽΪȡԼƭκüƶ̣Ҳ͸ȥϥǹǡΪ˻κװ裬˯Ȧʺʺһķˣ˶ľ䣬ѵİ£ɹκɱ丣˴𣿡
Ԫ˰죬Żζ˼ǡװ裿
ҶϽ֣ҿûнʲôʲôԼ飬ֻǸһ¶ѡ
Զԣû˵ʲôҶġٺ١
ҶѾѻ㵽ˣҲͲٸ¡վﳤȥ
صǩѺʼ칫
쵽ɢõʱ򣬽ŻˣҶˣԪ󷢷ˣ
ʲôҶɴ۾ô£
η󺰴У裬˭ĻҲǷˡ
ʵҪӰӣҶеİ취ֻѡװһ취ýԪĿ˵СӳԵͷڿͷֻǿʼҶСӳԸĿͷ
ҶϢ߿𣿡
ûУҵһˡ
ţܺãȲҪ˵ǲҪ˵ȥͬʱҪܣˡʲô֪ġδã֮پ
סæЦӦ
ҶŵݸšΪƳԷؼңҲõҲˡ
Ҷʷϴֱǹ˾˸СЬһΣѧˣŷһǮŷ԰쵽˹ʷǩѺǰǩѺֵ˵м£ֵرȥܿ죬ʷҶȥ
˹ʷûˣʷޱִ£𣿡
ҶֵԪɱǸӣݸŵĽѾ׶Σ㱨
һ㱨ʷĻ˻ôҪɱҪУǶ˾ǣң
̬Ѿֵı¶ʵ뷨ҶģǰһŵĸͣʵӰеİ취ܶ࣬ȫûбҪǿѹŲ󰡡
˵Ҷ˵ˣŹʷ
ʷƽˣҶֵܵ˼ǡ
Ҷֹ⿴һ۷ţû˵
ʷԹȥѷŹϣҶֵ
ҶҲ̴Աߵ¡ȹʷҲ֮ѹʵҪӣõİ취ð޷С˭ûл˵ӿѾа죬ϵʱȥ˽ӡ֮󲻾ãεĵ㾪ʧ˵ƺˡ
ʷŶһת˼£Ҷ϶ʱ¶ϲɫǺͻСӱؾˣֺ϶ܲŷˡڸô죿
ҶһΪѵӣװӱУǾ顣Զ鶼һֻҪ鿴Ƿװ裬һ棬ҪоǷ񷢷裬ǱȽ׼ģˣװ裬ֻаʵҲȫûбҪӺܾãҪסӵʵҲѡ
˵Ҷտڲ˵ˣֻǵͷװųӡ
ʷˣȻֵܰѻ˵ˣ汾룬ǱҲ˵ˣֻҪСֵܰæסӵһСپԲģ
лʷҶ֣վߵʷߣߣ͵͵Ҵ˾õϢ˵£ʥϽһλӵʱʥմãܾܿͻµġ
ʷǾȣŶһҶʺû˵̥
ȵĲˣʵ˽ͨ˺ӵ飬ھܣʷǲ֪ģҲûм֪¡پ֪һٸҶҶǺԽ֪ʵ۷ǳϲλԣƻʵ۸ĵһӣʵһΪض¡ܸʷ˵ֻǺǻʺģһλʵۺϲĹˡϢԴ˾ӦİɡҪܲһ¾ͺˡϢģǹʷһ׵̬һ棬һ̰ύִУҪꡣ·ݾʹĻⷶΧ𣿡
ʷת˼£֪ٸʵ۵Ĺϵ˵֪ĻԼһֱѹӲ˭֪Ϊ˴⡣ΪԼ˺ܴѹڼʷӣŪûᵯԼġҪǵõ׼ȷϢڴϢûг֮ǰԼףԶӣͿԱ˽׵ɣסԼĹñ
ŪҶ⣬ʷǼֵлֵܰôҪϢң֤Ϣ
ҪãӲѹ̫õġ
ףš¾ϢѹΣʷһ£ð˰ӼϢͨϵ֤£Ӧòˡ
УҶشĺʹ죬һ֯ԽǷ񷢷в֤ʷҲ취װװһЩһӾʹˣǿɾӲȥˡ
úãʷӦһ˸СӵģֵܣлˣüĿһúóл㣡
ҵҶܶ˽ӣȴЦлش𣬡Ϊʷ£Ҳҵ
ʷЦúãˣúøɣǰ;ҺܿŶ
ôôЩ߹ٷԸʱĻ
ӸûҶ֪һи˼Ϣġ
Ȼɢõʱ򣬽ˣϵɫ˻ţһЩ֣ҶˣԪֻķˡ
Ŷô
εش󺰴УͰһͰʺܵͷϣѸոʺץһ߽һ˵óԣóԡ
Ҷûˣ۾ԲˣʱСӻֻǳҽУȴʺˣԼʷ˵ĻáʷԪһҪװһ㡣СӱԼװʺհûʺԱԼʺСӻһԱϣΪװ񣬵ѪˣǺǣ


128 ɱ
Ҷһ֪࣬ǵĽԪķˣǹʷ᲻鷳Ͼ³顣ļοҪ꣬ҪˣչѾ˵΢Ҫ裬˭ҲסģҲż򹢳ʷ㱨ʱǾϵ˵һµģӦòǡ
м㣬л
Ҷ쿴ȻԪȫʺڵϴ󺰴УﻹץסһʺŶ֮
ҶŽԪգգۣʾװú󣬼ԪеøˣʺСӻʵϣԼ˵ĹհҲӶġ
뿪Ҷŵݸţ١
⻹һεݼ١֪϶м£ϴ
ٵ鷿֪ҶʲôصҪ˵ʹ˳ȥѷŹˡ
ҶԪƺˣ
΢΢ЩԾô£
磬˵ܷˣڼ󺰴иһȥˣЩ۲һ˵û뵽ʱøȻԼʺԼϣץŴԼֻͣǷˡʱҲ̫һ㡣
΢΢ЦţѺ˴궼ûз裬һʼİӾͷˣҲ̫˰ɣɻء
õģнм˵ҪжһǲǷˣҪһʱй۲ȷȷǲװ֮ǰֻ²ܶѶ
ţҲûа취Ƚ⣬ǲװ衣
ã֤ݺֻ֣ܳҪȷװ裬ϾͿͿòöϡ
ţٲǷǳӣΪֻǿһִǷ䲻ĵͰӱԣɵˮƽϣҶаİҪѰԿˮ׼ģֻİӣǳӷɵĻʵεӡԼĵ⣺֪ȣûʲô뷨
ҶѾϸ˼»شʫἴʼʱһŬܲѡֶرҪ¬ǵһӡţսҵӦúܿᴫ龩ǵġɷ׼ʫ飬ԻڳչⷽĹѾˣʫһҪе¼񣬶ѾдϱδģԼѾͽִеİи顣رЩںԩİӣҪصи顣ԩٴܹܿǣҲ׵ˡرǵ￵ҵ̫֧顣
ٵ뷨ԣúҲЧȷʺٳǸ飬һ׵￵سǵİӱϾޣӰҲܴˡүΪݴʷÿ괺Ҫ¼ƽԩʱ飬μ֯¼غݸŵģҪԺӰҲԱȽϴҪܴзԩٴ֮ƽֱӻү͡Ǿͻǵļƻǰƽһˡ
ðòˡҶƵ

ڶ죬Ҷ˰ݳλҪǰæ齯ԪǷķˡ
ЩоɣҲᳵ·Ǿ飬ڶҲʱͻȻԽԪвáҪܽԪͷ䣬ǵĵӲܹ۲졣˱ʾҪҡ
ҶѾӶŴõҪĴʱ䣬˵ĸŴ˵һҲǸ˹ʷµĺʵǷʱ䡣ֻеȴˡ
ú׼ʫ飬ǶʫᣬҶʵʲôҪ׼ģеǧŵʫƪҪֳԼӣԣҵ˶Ŷ椣취ռʫеʫƪ¬ڵʫԼж
ʲô£Ϊʫ˵ʢᣬʫīжͬʱͷæռ¬ڵʫʡΪ¬סŸ֮һʫ˵ȻƳȽϴ󣬵ʫĲ࣬ƪҲȽ٣ҶƷԱȽ١ͷ˵ɷԭǾٴѧʿ¬ڶþʫһͷ֮Ϊٳǰ¶ʫ磬ͷдŸǵĺҪ¬ڵĺܶʫΪʫο֮áֳɵġ
ǣ鲢ûȥЩʫҵͷˡ
ҹҶ§ų÷˯Ȼŷ滤ԺԬţŮ÷֮ҶǵĴߣүݸˣ˵нҪ㡣
ҹģһǼ¡ҶϽ÷ҲѾ÷һҶ¡
·Ҷǰͥһλ²ͷݸŵĲͷѷϴɱʱݸżһΣǴѷΪбذҪƣûвμǴɱơ
ҶѷϽִֵ£ҹţʵڲ˼
޷ײͷҹãʲô°ɣ
ǣײͷɱİˮᣬոձжݸŵĴˣ
Ҷһ֮󣬿ܿоȻչ涨ϱݸҲ漴תൽݸŴιѺ벻Ȼ˽䱸ɭϵݸŴжġ
Ҷæô£
ҹʱ򣬴ε任ڣͬ쿴ˮڵݶﲻͣôˣ˵ʹΪˮ书סùǣ˩ʯǽϣġһ亹٣ϽСеʱˮѾʼкܿˡȣûܾȻ顣˾ӷ֮ΪӿݸŵڹΪݸ˳а죬ִٳصĲֵܸаҾ͸ˡ
ҶһˣԼչʾ֣ҪƵȻ¶ҪǲƣǿɾͶˡҶԼĽģóɣơһɱ˵һɺϣкܴɷ棬ڣ֪Լûôõˡ
ǼȻѾ㽫ˣûеףҲֻӲͷƤϡ
תһ룬ԼȻûиɹ죬ǿӰӾС˵ֶҲ˽ģ㲻רҵҲһǧǰƳĲֶҪһЩɡҶԼһ룬־õ׳һЩϴǸɱȻɷ֣ҲǻԼ԰ȷжϣԼһЩϸġ


129 ıɱ̷
Ҷϻȥ÷˵һȻײͷҵֵصĴͷִֵصĲ죬ŵһ˳ǵݸš
ŴΣݸŵĵλΡ龭˵һߣղײͷ˵Ĳࡣ
ǰҲˮεлûߡҶе˰෿ʵߵʲô
жкܿ϶˵жϣӦ˪жǶԷǳǿĺ׶죡Բôˡ
Ҷƶϣ¶ҩʱ䣬Ӧʲôʱ򣿡
ʱ򣡡ɺܿ϶Ϊʱ򣬸ոڲã￪֮ʱ䲻̣ԼСʱϵʱѾˣжȲˡ˪ֶȥܿͻж֢״˵Ƕɵģ书ܲһֱѹţҲһ˾ΣǴ󰡣
ҶлУŴͷΪ˾Ѿٳ죬ԴεεײͷûиŽȥ෿š
ˮʬηĵݶţԱвŻʺĳζкµġ
Ҷôͷڴ棬ԼһȽȥ졣
ûʲô˵ϵĵ֮⣬ûдҲûɶġǰҵģ󲿷λڵ£ֻһС¶ڵͨɹ⡣ͨɹҵߵϣС첲ϸդŵġ϶ǳС˵ˡ
ǽǺʯɵģûκδͨڣߵһһ붼ʯɵĺǽֻ߿դͨ͸⣬դͬҲС첲ϸ˺ɵġĸһ㣬·аƴһطʳդûκƻۼǽҲ컨͵ذ嶼ǳʯɣͬûƻĺۼ
ʬλڿǽһߵݶùǴһĴָϸһͷεϵʯǽϡҲûκ𻵵ĺۼ
ɮۣáݶѺ͵һЩŻݽһ¾ɵͰŸӣ򿪿ˣֻһЩɫҺ
Ҷ쿴ЩŻжŻҪص㿱Ķ
ҵĹ߱Ƚϰɲ̫Ҷôͷһյ¿ñȽˡ
Żõ׷⣬һŰɫĶ֪ʲô
ҶӲͷƤһС֦ǰɫĶ˳һ£ƺһֽš
ŻôֽţѵԼȥģֽдʲô
Ҷҧҧ˲ðֽ࣬ţСչˡʧΪˮľֽθּ֮Ѿһ̲īһֱֶ治ˡ
Ҷȥоȴûκη֡
ſ죬ǽ룬ܸɾʣʲô׷ͲȣӼ͵ķ˺ܿţԵģԷﶼûʲôʣµĶ
֮⣬ûбĶ
ҶȿֳŻ﷢ֽҲ¼ˡ
ֳ¼ͼ֮ʼʬר鶾ߵθͣһᣬȡȻڡһϵŻͬˡ
ҶܶС˵֪˪ֹŴĶҩΪɫζһֳõҩҩ̶򵽣ʵǹ¶ѡڹ˪ļ˪ﺬԼܸӦɺɫԲܼ˪۶ϡǣֻ˪ڣֻҪǺʣڣˣڲһ֤˪жǣоеĻжϣûз෴֤֮ǰ¿Եóߺܿ˪жĽۡ
ѹˮ·ʬ죬飬ûзˣҲûֵĺۼսۣˮ˪ж
ʵҶѾµˣûеȴۣѾչƻ
书䱸ɭϣⶼѲߵ䣬һʲô춯֪رˮڵ䷢ڲݶʱûҲû˵Լǿȹ˶ҩˣǱǿиĿԻϿų
ٵжǶԵģӰӺܾܿڲģڲˣпܵǼĳͲ͵䣡
ҶôͷпܽӴʳˡ
ͷ֪ô󣬴ֲȥõ죬±Ҫֵز֮⣬ȫݸչ顣
ΪҹЩ˶ǱӴϽġ˻ɵģҲѾϰˡ˵ݸŵ˾ѰӽøƵģִ´ӣûжʼ
һֱڶ磬ҶҲԲμѶҪѶֱӽӴʳͼγĴЩ˶ԩ˵ǴǰʶˮûбҪɱ˵ˣѾд̣һˣôҪɱأ
Ĺؼ
ҶҲһֱĥ飬ˮѾд̣ɱıа񼫵ˣǲܵõģҲ˵Ǳɣһˣޣֺ̳αðŷͶɱˣ
ԣɱ˵Ķ̫˷˼ˡ
Ҷ˼⣬ѶҲ֣ʦķǴˣд˶ԵģȻԪļǮᵥС߼ԼĴˡǾˣΪʲô˳û£ˮжأ
¶ɿԳų
һ飬õķɸֵָҵ᲻¶أ
ʾַ˵кüͷ˵ȴ䣬֤ͷ˵ȡʳﶼģҲ˵ûʲôɣ˭˭ãҲѡҲûźţˣͷ˵ĳﲻ֪ЩˣҲ޷¶
ˣͷ˵ĳԳų¶Ŀܡ
߼ͷ˵ϡر䡣
ǣǵѶص㿪ʼ⼸ϡ飬ָͷˣʱһȥȡôװģȻ󰤸͡Ϊ࣬˾͹ˡһ׷һͲ˺ˮ
Ǿǳж׷أǳжĲ˺ˮģԼΪ͸ˮķ˶Թˡûʲôʣģ޷м顣
ڣص㻳ɵľͷ̣ҶûзԣȻƳǺϷģصˣǴͷҲûʲôԵġ


130 ڵ
ѶǷֿеģЦԷǣڿ֮£˶йˣԼ˽Ͷˣûо飬Լһ˶ֵġɱ˵Ķһ˵Ϊʹ᷸ɱ䣬Աһ˵ΪСʱȥ棬ôԺʹЩãɱйߡ
ܽΪʲô֪ˮѾд̣һ̷Ҫ¶ɱҶܻеġ
ڶƷԴʼ˵Ǵҩģ˵˵ҩȴʹûǹĵǼǡƳ˪֮ľ綾ǳϸҪԼĻʵǼǡϸڱع˪Υ涨۵ģҪԵ̡
˶˪Դ˵ʹǵйԵúܲʵǲŷɱ˶ҶҪѶˣȹѺţݽһ
ҶԸ֤ﱣѴŻȡǸֽչɣһҪܺá
ͬʱһ죬˾вܿǱеɷ֮⣬ûʲôչ
ͬ
ʱѾǵڶˡҲûдʰȣƺܷҶ
Ҷһ׶ûС
ͷҹгȥû˯ãҶصңΪһ˯û뵽Ȼʧߡ
÷ܶµûѯʰӵ飬Ҳû󻶣ֻǹɵĻʵ̲ס˯Բ֮󣬰ҹû˯Ҷȴû˿˯⡣
ҹڵݶҶĥӵ׸ô졣
ԼųɵĲһĥһߣûʲô©ͳﶼ֪Щ˻ᱻ͸ˮԣûа취¶䱸ɭϣ˲ܽ룬룬ˮ书εķգҲͶˮ֣ҪȻˮһȵģûУ˵û˵롣ˣȥȷֻͷзɡ
˵ʣѾ¶ɱˣ˱˵ĹӴӳǶ˵ưˣҶȷϣ˲֡˶ԼͶɱ˵ģûкıǵɱ˶ȱ˵ֲ˵ƷԴң˵Ǽε䣬ư֪ģֱӽӴʳˣҪ߱϶Ͼ֪ǵһɵĶҪ¶ģ¶ηǱӣûСΪǱֻΪǱ֡
ǣпܽӴʳ˶ųˣ־˭
᲻Լ˼·ͷ⣿Щ֮أ
Ҷһ飬ûͷʵ벻˽Ӵʳ֮⣬˭ֵģְ˪жֲ߶߻ʲôģڹŴƹֶŵζˮ뷹жֻжĻ뷹жȻҲȫûпܣҪԭ˪߶ֿԾˡϧûа취׼ȷȷĶҩǲ˪
ȵȣ
ҶԴͻȻðһͷƾʲô˵ҩڷģ
ûнӦļ֮϶ֻһ˼άʱöƷӦڷأƷ򲻾ȫ
һ뵽Ҷ۾һ
һҪǲ¶;ǲͨˣ
ķ붼ԿˣûʲôˣŴû΢֤ô
ҶԴתͷͻȻҪ´Ӱѳ÷ˣϽҲʣôˣɡ
ҪȥŰ飡
ڶѾҹˣŵ˶˯أ
ҶͣסˣҲǣֻ֤ѾŻؼˣҪȡ֤ﻹȥ˼Ҽ˲СҲһʱ¡
÷֪ѹܴ󣬱˳طĻɣֻҪ˾ˣ˾Ҳ̫ġ
ţҶûж˵⻬磬û£˯ɡ
Ҷ뵽˰취Ҳ̤ʵһЩܿ˯⣬˯ȥ÷˯ˣİҲ˯ˡ
һ磬ҶţŴͷֿ֤⣬ȡˮɱ룬ȻˮϴʣµĺһʳﶼˮȻһȥС
ӣͷҲҶ⡣ʳ˪ѾСҲǾܲסġ΢СӦ΢С
˶۾磬ǣһٷʱȥˣС绹ڻڻжˮζţʱʳʣµһ㷹ͲҶ
ҶѵʳﾹȻûж
һʱ䶼˵ˣ˼ͬһ⣬ǾʳûжҩǶҩǴģô͵书ˮĶģ
󣬻ҶĬСûжȻ֤ʳﲻǴӷ˵תġΪ˪Ƿĩ״ģҪǷڷֲһȫˣ˿ֻڷ˵ıм㣬ûеײ㣬ͲӴףҲûвϡȻûҲ˵ʵﲢûжһƷڷ˵Դ͵棬Ǿǵ֤ܲûܲʲôõĽԣǻǴӵڶ˼·µ飬ϣµͻơ
˷׷׵ͷδһµķ
Ҷ˴ͷͷоӣ鲻ܷΧ̫Էйܡ
ʵͷץץǿС͵ɶĻУҪɾһĨˡ˵һоӣ˵Ҷ֮
Ҷûб¶ǶҩôߵĶ;ǹؼˡǰֻǰƵķڽӴҹʳϣڣҪһߣнӴˮˣҪƵķΧ
ͷִ£˵˪жܿͻᷢԲǼǰöڲŷɣ
Ҷһ˵ģǣһЩ£ҩҩԿܻӳٷġʹ˻ͽҡո˵־òԣƳʲôͽңϸĿڵ綾ҩú°ڻ֮ǰҩᷢⲻ̫ܳãһ˵ʳ壬ʱҾͻᱻθſս볦»һйԣҩ²ܳ졣ǾͰƵķΧڸ߽ӴˡرǸ͹ˡ
ͷͷ˴Ĵִָ²ǿǣ֪ǾΧչơ
Ҷҡͷǵ⣬һñȥ飬ǸΧĵ顣
Χ
ԡҶһ˵ɱ˶ĿĵģرǷѾ˼ȥɱһѾд̵ˡ͸ҪĿˡǵ񣬾ΧĿĿչ飬Ҳ˵ˮϵرжԹˡڰȥ򡣡ô𣿡


131 µ
һͷЩԭЦִ£ˮǹڼģҪɱͱΣûз밡Ҫͨ¶ֻҪΧƼչ鲻𣿡
ҶǵȻҪΧƼ˿չ飬ǱĿԡһ棬ȥΧǲ鵽ˮĳ˵ʧ٣ˮĳֳԹѾﵽ˱ɱĵز˾صƶҪĳйϵǵƷΧȷй
ǸͷʱȻ˵
Ҷòͷȥ֤ҰŴŻȡֽֽѾˡҶϸ۲һ£ûκرָ㽫ֽŽͷֽȥ黭Ǳһֽŵͳ
ͷӦˣСĽӹֽŷźá
ͷʼжҶȥ˻㱨
ҲЩ֣ҶһƷʲôҶѾˣķΧȶ˺͵˽е飬ͬʱˮϵе飬û˿ܶж¶ֶҪ󵽵Ȳĵز
ûҶƷΪҲûиõİ취ͷ԰뷨УֻһҪǾһҪưӽѾүˣͬҰѰӽǳаľԷݸŴĶɱеǳ𾪣ҪݸŵĴζܱ֤ȫǻʲôطǰȫģүǳĹעӣһҪ뾡һа취ƴ˰үӡѵõĻᡣ
ҶЦһᾡģٳصֲãҪչģΧ飬ǹؼ
룬ݸŵ˲ܲ룬ɣҴ½سһЩе顣
á
ŴİЧȻûִݣٽ½سĲ죬ҲǵڶŸϵݸҶɸصͷӡ
Ҷ֮ûôͷֱӶԼ˽ȫ飬ΪٳؾݳٳصĲݸŵ˾ٹϵСĨû˽׵ģǿչΧ飬½صĲݸżе顣ҪٵõֵҪСһЩ
ҶԼҲûţԼľҪڶԼǷṦǱĵϣڶɽѧ˸ȥı£ȻֻһЩƤëǻĶѾˣ֪һṦҪǱ룬ʲô;пܵġ
ǣڶЩ;ϸ֮󣬲ûзκη߱µ˿û٣ѷΧеķΧǽʧǣûκη֡
̤ѩ޺һĽҪˣɱˮֱӶ־ˣֺαôظ˪ͨĶҩأ
ʲôָ¶ıɱġ
ڲԱͷº棬е˶ǽѯʣҲ˵ÿһҪͬĲѯʣȷ©⣬Ҳ˽ףʹƽչܻˡȵеĳ꣬ʫѾٿڼˡ
Ҷ֪Χڲĵ鶼еò֮󣬱ټͷͷмλͷ۰顣
ͷ龭ͽΪǽ䱸ɭϵĵطרŵ为𣬳˱𾯽֮⣬Ҫ룬뾭ͬⲢơŵ˹Ŀڽֻ䡣ĿĶƷȥ˶ԣǶǰĽƵģͬʱиͬ롣ԣǶûиˮӴҲûеˮҡû˽
Ҷʧһ䣺ݸŵȻôϸ𣡡
ͷЦЦǰҲЩ֣ǰҲѺƽˣʱûôϸġ˵֪֮ô£ǰݸŵӷܣԵйӲ졣Ĺܲ⣬ݺѵһ٣ԣ϶٣е䶼ѵһߣƶϸĹƶȡǼĹǳϸû뵽ôϸĹ£Ȼǳˡ
ҪǱ˽Ӳ죬ҶҲע⣬ϾǸȫйģоͰӲ죬ְΪǣƫƫλӷܣҶлߵ֤ݣ֤һ̰١ټĶӸԼйڡȻƺԴ˲⣬ǣҶܸоʵԼĴٵġ˵ǰȥӲ죬鲻ԽҪעһ£ʵһȥ𣿡
Ҷʳ־ЩɵӷܺôҲƷ٣ǼķֹܹԱҪӲôܸһԼȥأ϶Ҫ׵ġ
ȻͷӦòɣЩ˸ûʣ˵Ӳ죬̷˾͸˾Ҫͬģ⣬Ÿĵ¼ҲҪȥŵҪ¼Ҫ¼ΪԱĹϱ´ġټӣӦò١
ҶԼΪӷ˻ȥˮ¶˵ˣȥӲ죬ǰӵĶˣô۾ŵģ¶ֻҲûᡣͬԱӣҲл¶ҲǳԷĵ㣬Ҳû¶ĵطܲܵô˵ǿиˮιȥɣ
ŲҪ󣬷Ų鷶ΧڵˣҪһŲ飬Ų壬Ҷйµ㻹һʵķʽЩμӵˣһ¡ûʲô⡣һҪעⷽʽЩϹٲˡ
õģͷЦͷӦˡ
ҶĿͶ˴ͷ
ͷεЦЦЩ춼Χ飬ǻȥ˶ɽŻʦ̫˵顣ϸĵ飬Ҫǵˮĳˡ飬ɸˮгԹ˰ʱûɽҲݸŴε˲ʶֵ˽ϸˮгģˮȻǺܺƵģرڽߵʱ򣬼ûи˭𣬸ûʲôԹеļССڵˣҲûгݵؽ硣ֿʼΧ˺е顣ҵǰļˡĸĸѾȥˣһҲ޵أڽϵɷѾΪɷĸĸҲȥˡΨһ˾֮ǰĶӣ£ݳǿһ̡
ҶˣѺˮصţ׼ͽεʱˮҶ˵һӽ£ݿ̣ҪԼҪ߶ӣһ˾뿪
ҶʵǶ֪ɱϢ𣿡


132 ʷ
ͷ֪ˣǸġ֣ĸô˼ˣǳ֮һֱǾ͸ˮɱ˵顣֮Ȼǳŭúܶ񶾵Ļĸˮ˵Ǹɱ˶ħĸףҲʬģǰʬȥιˡ
ҶȻǰˮҪҪˮɱ˱ץ߶ӵʱҶΪλһǷǳϧĸ׵ģˮλĸײö˱˼û뵽֪֮󣬾ȻķӦ⡣
˵˵ȥֻһ仰ݣ¸ĸģ
ͷŽǵĵΪˮ֮ûиļκһϢϾˣ˫׶Ѿȥֱ֪ĸȥˣ֪ĸ׾ڶɽƺһѾȥһ㣬ûҲͲʲôìܶԹˡˣΧĵ飬ûκν
ҶϣĵڶƷҲͬû˳·
ɢ֮󣬴ͷҶۼЩɥοõģ磬ǲѾץͷ䣬ҲѾʵڲУͶǾˡǸ˱¶ɱǾǲ֣ҲѴ̣ڹҲԩ
ҶһۣưǲüץӦеε˵Ӿ˽ˣ
ͷڨڨҶôɵġЩͷӣֱҸǮӾˡûкʵģץг˿ʣûвйģû֪ǲԩ飬¹֪֪ġ
ҶȻõŴ˾ĺڰ벻ȻڰĵزĿŵٰи̾һһȵ¼ƽԩȷǺбҪԼһ¼һҪĽƽԩ
ʫἴеͷһ죬Ҷյ˹ʷμӼ硣
ʷǿ൱õʡίίһίǵ鵽ԷĿ飬ƫƫҶϷˡ
õʷʹûκεľΪѹƵӦǹʷ˵̽ϢѾ˽ˣңӦǲģǳл롣
ûо棬÷ȴ˵úϲ£ˣν٣Ҷɷ򣬵ĿУѾҶԼɷ򿴴ˡõݸŵĳʷԼɳԾƣӵ飬βء
÷ϸѾ߸Ҷۣ÷ѾԤϵӦȽ϶࣬ѾðһƸһλʸĳʽóʽãҶ˹ʷĸۡ
ݸŵĺԺǸʷ׼ģЩرǣʷɴ󶼶ͬʱҲõү㡼ΡԼүŵĴʷԺҲ͸˱ݾסˡ⣬ﻹլԺǸʷ˾ģǱڵûסԱס˾լԺʷȴûסԼðһҵݸŵլԺʱϢĵط͵ĵصȻݵլԺ
粢û˲μӣֻйʷӣС檡ӲμӡԪӸҶʾ˸лΪԪ׵ܵܣ֪͢ҪˣܵܵҲͿԱסˣȻг˶Ҷĸм
ϣʷԼСˣСһǾ̷רѵģ͵ٶרҵرǸСС檣Ӳʮ꣬á١ݵȵȣǷǳ죬˿ͳ÷ҶΪ̾
ȵ΢΢Щʱ򣬹ʷ֣檺ǱϯˣʹҲųȥˣֻʣ¹ʷҶˡ
ʷŵֵܣṩ¿ܴϢѾù˰æʵˣʥϹȻ˼Ѿ׼ˡϢȷУˣһһģöԽԪӵİɴӿسʹͬʱһҪͼʷҲҪӽȡڴ֮ǰѰӱ͵ȥ⣬ûʲôϵˡ
ҶæӦˡаϢԼƶϹȻ׼ȷϢٶûգȴԼƲˡҪԼʷ֪ʶλʵѶϣַǳϲλǹļ֮ˣһ취Լʵ۵ĵһӵĽԼĵλΪıȡ̫ӵĵλ̵档õһӰİ취ȻԼһ¾Ͳˡ
ڣõ˹ʷȷָʾָʾָٵҪǺϣҷԴӶˡ
˵ʷѹ͢һֱ׼ԸñԣڳＯǰ죬ͻģҪز߾صǳʺɽΪãһս¿ʼҪɱӡֵܻܺ£Ժұ㽻ٳãʱһһ˵µа£ΰٺٺٺ١
ҶˣǹʷڸԼôʷְȨǸ˰ģ齻˭ְȨѲˮȻǺܷġ㲻̰ۣЩɫҲ㹻ˡһֽţǴʴʵǮҲ͵ˡֻԼϣַͨʽ׬ǮԼʯɽ¡ٽ滹ܿͻԼʵ롣ǹʷĺôмСȻͲˡ
ҶҾһ񣬵лʷ񰮣һĽá
ţ£ҲˣôнġʷЦǺǺǵ⣬ʵˣݸŴǸɽᱻ¶ɱİӣƽչΰ
෽Ų飬ϿųڲĿܣҲųǱĿܡЩְ
ʷͷҲһˣҵƲˣӰ;ʵڲУ˰ѿץ̿ʣֻҪˣҲͿԽ᰸ˡϵܣ²Ҫ̫档
Ҷ˵ǳ֪߳͢ĸԼ⣬СӶԼǸмģ˵ﻰˡæشֻʣһǰӷܴȥӲ죬㵽ֻЩ˻ûеˡ
ʷüǰ˪жܳ𣿡
˪°ԡ̫ǸɵģΪǶŵĹʵûбҪȥɱһѾд̵ᡣǣݰƹɽӴߵģҪŲ顣ԣһЩһ顣Щӷܻп
ʷһӣ㲻õģ鰸һͬʣ˭ȥ˼ҲԵģģһӷ˵㡣漰Щˣ˭һϳͣϢ


133 ֱıɱ
Ҷϲĵ飬йʷ֧֣ҲͲõˣʵʷǿķǣԼٿżëԼǰǾɵġ
Ҷ¹ֵлʷ֧֣һ˶ǽе飡
ţʷź΢ЦУܺãܺð
ɢ֮Ҷǻص˼ڶʫˣҪ񣬲ȶӣҪ˯һȾ
ǣûԸ§ų÷˯ʱֱѾ÷ˣ˵ŵĴͷˣ˵һıɱѾ˿ˣҶơ
չ涨ϽڷΪӡٵǱ뵽ֳ֯쵼ƹġԼȻԼִ¡ˣҶͱμİˡ
ҶϽڳ÷Ѿߵİ´ۣǰԺͷվȥҶϽӭʩ񣺡磡
Ҷô£
ݸŵһжء˾ҲԶһֵϣĸзˣ㱨ˡ
ȻţǵγİƵģٳţǷݳԼٳطΧİǸơش󣬻˵ݡİݸŲŲơˣӽӰľٳš
ҶһһݸŵĹԱɵĳһɱٵصģҿ϶͢ӣ˵һֵİӡˮɱڼİӻûƣֳݸŹԱɱİɵҶͷ۰
ҶûֱŴͷǰֳ
ֳλһȽƫƧĽֵ߶صļҾڸ
ֳŵĲ죬ߵ֮⣬ûʲôΧۡҪǰҹ϶Ѿ˯ˡŴû·ʩģֵߵסѾϨ˯ˣûʲôԽϺġֻмյĵ谵ĵƹ⣬ҲֻΧ
Ҷӭӵʵʬ
ӹֱָָߣߵѾϢҪȥɥûãİֳŪˡ
Ҷļ򣺡úܺãҪֱֳʶܲ
õִµȫĹͷʱ˺ü
Ҷʹͷֱнӹ˶ֱߡ
ʬڽֱ䷿֮Сͨ泯ϡǰಱһĵڣбȥͰӶѿˡһ̲Ѫʬ嶼ѪҶʣûУ
ͷˣڶء
ţҶ飬ûĹֳֶĵ齻ԼԿ죬ôͷǳľ塣
ʯ·棬ʬڵĵطֵϱϣһѪϺۡʮಽתʬ壬ֱĦĺۼ֤ʬӦڽֵ߱ɱˣȻקȽεĵطءɴƶϣȻǲϣʬر֣ԱԼǱӡ
Ҷʼʬţȵط֣ʬ۲ûϵãǮûб͵ߣȡ鿴вǮ⣬һȽֵǮҲûбߡ
ѵͼƺĽɱĿĵıɱ
߲һ˺ַǳĺݶܴ󣬿еǶԷĲҪλĿıǰԷ
ֺܿıɱ֮ҶķһЩΪıɱķΧһгԹˣƷΧԱȽСıƺǿˣҲİܷǷΧҪöࡣ
ҶŵϸѲ飬ͻȻ۾һʬĿǽǽаѪӡһЩԵѪۣ
ܿקʬʱճ߲ӿѪȻǽ˵һ£°ӡְճѪǽǲ˼¡
Ҫȡֵָƾͺˣ
Ҷ϶ŵ쿴ǽϵǸѪӡϸ۲죬ʧΪѪӡڵĵط˰߲̦ûа취ָƣֻܿһµӡΡЩԺۼƵζϲҪ˵ָˡ
ӡڹŴбϼֵģ÷˻ѺǰӡֽϣȶƵȷáȻӡֻΪų֤ݣΪ϶ͬһ֤ݣΪͬƴС̫ˣָͬһԡҲ¿Ϊһֲ׼ȷ֤ʹá
ҶʬֽţֲѾʬͬʱ屳ҲʬߡҸ»һЩ£ۺжϣʱӦӦʱĸСʱҡҲ˵֮󲻾áճϢһڣϻϾûʲôˣرֱȽƫƧĽֵ˱ɱҲû˷֡
ϣӡİ취ȡǰöӡʬмʱҶ۲ǰӡԼӡȽһ£ӡϸرָȽ޳ѵһСһŮˣ
һ仰ΩΨСŮҲ˶ǲǵģϾƵҪɱˣرʹõӣѶҪ˴öࡣԣҶΪǰĺӻŮˣΪܶ˵ҲǱȽϸ޳ġ
ʱϣҶ˵߳˲һĿд֮⣬ûб˺֤ۡǲѪܱܺ϶ûгҶԤ⡣
Ҷʬ壬ôͷ˶԰ֳס̼Ͻȥѯʣûʲô쳣Ķ߿ʲôɵˡ
ͬʱҶ˷ʬĸŵɫ԰ףڶڷҶ龭˵ʱ·ʱС㼱㵽ֱ򣬱㿴ʬ塣Ҷϰ˿ֲ̫ɾӦûϴģõţûŵѪζԳųǸץǱȽϳģҶҪųɡ
ţѯ˶صӡ֪ؽӵ˵Ĵţ˵ȥţҪҪҶæ˭ŵģص˵ٳţŵ˲̫Ϥķװ˵֮󣬱˵Ҫȥ֪ͨĹԱˡȵسʱѾ뿪˶ҡҶ˳ʲôӣص˵ȥţ˾˵ûнʱѾˣ˵òıȽСЩڣüëŨ˵ЩɳơǣһƥΪݸŵĹĴĸͷݵصҪߴһЩٶȺܿ죬ƨרŵŹӡԱȽױϡ
ӴǣӦݸŵˡҶôͷǰݸźʵ飬ûнҪ飬УǴ˭


134 ʫ
ȥ֮Ҷѯʶصӣʶûʲôˣص˵һֱ£ҵҵİ¡ԭֻһһСС˶ʮ꣬һֱûеõκΡֱǰ꣬Ϊ˼ӰȽϴİӣõ˹ʷʶźܿõΣΪ̷ķΪʵ˽
ҶعûΪ참ʲôˣ⣬ӻش𲻳Ϊشûڼ˵ӵ顣
ֻ֮ܵȥݸŲˡ
Ҷѯ˶صĶӣѾʮˣȴһ޿Ĩᣬ˵һֱȢϱֻǼȽеŮֶҪصĲǼòôǮҪٵֿϡһֱǰЩӣ׸˵ѾѲǮչˣȢŮϱˡոƸ񣬻ûеȹųף׾ͱıˡҲͿɼҵȢˣ뵽ЩĿ
ҶҲǸпʲôˣҪһ̤̤ʵʵµʵˣһȰĸ´˶أ
ѯʵ½ˣϢû߿ʲô쳣ĶˡҲҶѾԤ뵽ģΪǱһ˺ʹѪܣϣȻκκȵϰʬϵȽεĽأ·Ҳ׿
Щ飬Ѿˡ
ΪڶʫᣬҶǳҪμӣƹҲͣ٣ҶŴͷ˼飬Ҫ÷ڹûеʲôˣûʲôҡΪжһԤııɱǳɱıɱҪԭ򡣵ȻҲôͷһ¶ûʲôծɱҲǲȫųġͬʱҪݸûн˭ȥؼҴġĽҪϵʫֳ㱨
źõ鹤֮Ҷص˼ҡ
֮󣬳÷û˯һֱڿšܿϼҲˣ˵֮󣬱Ҳų÷ڿֱҶص˼ŮųһʱѾˣûʱ˯÷ϰѾ÷Ҷϴͬʱ㿪ʼ׼͡
Ҷˮϴ֮󣬾һЩ׼ˣ³Է÷ҲһԡΪҶܿϼҪμʫᣬһ¡صʢᣬܿϼϲʫʣȻҪμӵġ÷ȻҲԴӸҶһһ⵱Ըͷ¶ֻǸȥҶľġ
Ҷͳ÷ܿϼѾ߸šֱʫеءٳʯµ־С
˿̵ٳʯ֮ѾıʿһƬյأʯΪġ˸߸ߵ̨涼齼Ǿʱαսõġһ࣬һŵ齣ЩǸΧѡָʫõġ
ʸ̭׶Σһǰʮֱӽ̭֮⣬ĲѡֶμʸҲڹ涨ʱгȡһĿʫеÿԣͽ̭
ΪĲӼ˺ܶ࣬еĶ̭
Ҷʯ£ٳµгԱѾˡһĴһʫһϮɫĳȹһ˿Ҷʱ۾ˣֿҶĽĵĳ÷ؾܿϼ֮еɱ㰵
ڻʫ޵Ķ˵Ǹ޵ŮˣԭǴ¥ĸ輧Ҳͷƻ˵Ů֮檣ʲô˼ҵŮӡһܿϼǰЩ״Լĸ׵ĲТŮѾҪģ֪ĺʲôֽţǰⲻТŮϴˣͷְ֮ŮҲյ˷УǵʷʵϣϹӶ֪˱һԹŮ
ʫü΢һһʫˣô˵ù𣿡
ЩΣ㬵Ϊʲô׼˵
ʱҶѾ˹ͷ˺ͶŶ椵˶ѾΧ£˹ȥرǶŶ椣ĸ첲һŴ硣ͳ¶Ҳ۷Ź⣬ΧҶ˵
Ҷ˻ʫǰ
ȴȹЦȣʫᣬһǰ¶ʫɾ¶ˡ
ҶֻһûʫޣЩӡ
ʫһԼ޽Ǳ紵ҵķ˿ȻһЦֻ˵һ䣺磡
Ҷͷһ׼ô
ֻҶˣҶġ
˵һԲѰгһշϸ֡ʫʫ
תȥ㿴һʫ״ԪݵһĲҡһѽɫ˹λελεģƺǻƽһ㣬ֻǴϸоƺֲ̫ǻƽģͿ˽۶ѡ
Ĳ߸ŵģǾʦһ¬ڡ˵ģȻĲ
жǼ¶ʫ˸ϱɫҶʫĸ磬Ƿ̴ңĶŶȷѣǰ˫ֲһĲмú𣿵¥ǰʫеǮߵ˭
Ĳܴ裬һ⻰ɵϱɫһһʱһʱ˵Ҫ˭ǿ֮˵գҡŽɫȣһҡȥ
Ҷ˵ƶɵüͷ΢΢һıӰ
һܲŮӣҲıӰ˽ҺҶ̾ɷϣСȻǳõȷһ˲ţΣѹŮӰĽĿ⡣
Ŷ椶Ҷ磬ҾͿǸӣ
ֵڻʫ޶˵ʵҵҲĲûдϴ̨˳ȷ̫ˣʫˣ˵Цǣ˵øĶء˵
ʫ޷·û߳Ҷ磬߰ɣ
ԴӾϴνӾն컵һĻ֮˵Ĺϵһӽ˺ܶࡣҶĿҲ˲Сĸı䡣΢΢ͷǰȥ
εվóǵĻʫޣϲҶҶ֮ǰʫȻҲûдӦԼʲôǴûô䵭ɵðҧݺݶҶıӰǰȥٲȻһɼżǶʼɵ÷
ڣһѧվÿĲϽ״ԪֱӲʸ񣬲ýʸ¬Ǿʦʫ״Ԫѡ֣ҲҪμʸֱӽ̭˽ȥ֮ȴûߣվҡŽɫ˵Żʫʸ


135 
Ҷͻʫǹ֮ĲƹϽŮ״ԪҲòμʸģɣЩʲôϸʲôֵһԼȥʸˣ
ʫѹûǣ·ûĻҶ磬һȥʸ˵գҶһʸȥ
¬ȤŻʫ޵ıӰŮӵҲЩ
޻ʫޣʱ͵ڴĲ˵⻰ǾǵһӣͷˣҲǲֻ㬵غһ
Ŷȴһͷһ˶Žųмȥﻹ£ù
嵽֮䣬Ŷ椷˶ƨһ˦ĲײһŴм߹׷Ҷǡ
ĲòվˣнɫָŶŶ椣㣡㣡ֿ¶нǫɸ˶ŭĿӣ֪ԼŭҪǳûʲôӣһһǺÿģ
¬ڵĿȴû뿪ʫıӰҡȣ֣ȣɲҪżϻŶ
ҶʸѾвٲŮõĿ֮ڤ˼дšս֮䣬ģоıʿ÷ûвѾͷҶ
ʸ֮ԼץץѡĿȻԼдд֮󽻸壬жǷΧ
ҶҲ˵ֱȥץȡһĿݸСп֮˵ǼǣֽʡҶȴûȥ齣ѾĿбѾ뵽˺üʫʣʣдˣëʡ
жԺ̣ϴҲμ˹ʫ̨֮ʶҶҶһʫʵǴ۾ЩӣһҶΪó׵Ķ䣬ΪӺ䶯ЧӦǵʫЩԾˣʲôϸʲôֵʫ־ֻҲһףùʫһһȵ۾Բˡɵ˴Ĵִָ߲̾ʫȻ鴫һͨ
ΧѡֵʫҪ¼Χ۵˿÷ǿҶʫƽкá÷ʼҲЩҶ᲻ϴһߵʯʫһ׼Űѷķ¡
ʫ޿ҶʫɵҲ̾Ҷ۵ľĽȻ״Ԫ֮ţ
ܿϼҲȥȡĿûҶֳϮ֮ţԾϳ˼ã彻ȥҲץĿ˼֮д˽塣ֻжŶ椣ץĲͣҶһۡ
Ҷ֪īˮޣʸͱ̭ôؽһס
ǣʸǰ¶ʫǰһ׵ĶŶ˳ΧŶ椲Ľǫûܹأź뿪
߽ǫҶʯµ
ģ̭ƱȽϼ򵥣ץ⣬ͳһĿڹ涨ʱ︳ʫд̭ͬʱдѡ̭ʮ˽һ֣һֱֻʣʮѡΪֹʮ˽
Ϊ̭ǷŮģԻʫ޺ܿϼǱҶֿˡΪֿȽԶûҶİ֧֣Ŷ椺ܿ㱻̭ˡҲֹ֮󣬻Ǳ̭
ҶȻһ·߸裬ͦ˾ңΪÿζĿʫһǳɣ˻ûдһֵʱѾˡʫǾƷȻĿ࣬̾ѡ
ͬʱģ¬ڡĲĲԭȻҶϴʤԼЩңۼ߲ʫݲܣ֪˼ʤð㶼ң
Ůʫ޺ܿϼǰʮ
һ̣ʫ޲ŶܿϼĿ࿴ԭľŵСŮӣȴһǿĶ֡
ǷֿȺУȽеŮľ
βǾݹϵĲѧ壬ץģݵڶ˱ݣ
ҶʮѡѡҲǼαμ˹սڵһŵĹսαϯϣ١ʷУȴûпү㡡
ٿҶʮѡ֮䣬¶΢Ц
ʵеһʫʤɾбŴ֮󣬾ʤߡ
ʫٴζȡ˹ڣݵһŮͷΡܿϼȡ˵̽ɼѾ˶Ŀ࿴ˡ
ʱʱѾ硣ͣͲͣһʱ֮
ʫ֮Ҷӭȥȴǹףܿϼ̫ˣϲϲ
ܿϼϲæǷ񣺡Ҷѡ
Ҷ˵˼乧صĻʫޣֻǹ˵һ䣺ϲһ
ʫ΢죺СһĵһĵһС硣
ŮһһҸҶ˵ļͷ˵ˡıʫʶѾ¼ˣǶѾݣȻҲ֪˱Ľһϲˡ
ͷ΢ЦҶչĲŮֵôܲڼأӦҲʫᰡ
ܿϼʱߺɿؿҶһۣߴͷǰ¶ʫŵ˲ܲμӣʸ񰡡
ͷ˵ôûУ㲻СֵܵȻǿԼġ
ﱾмֶʼɵؿվҶߵܿϼģ˵ֻҶӣʱԭչӰȻҪʫˣ
¶ҲŸ԰԰ãһҪġ
ʱ˵˵һ䣺ƺŶ˵ԭϲƵŮֳ˿һʲôɽŮã֪ϲǱߵݻǲɽǱߵİ
Щ˶ˣȻҲ˵ܺ䶯İӣͳ¶Ҳ֪ܿϼʵҶʲôݣ˰ϵҲûУΪϲҶȻԸһܿϼǿУԱܿϼҶҪǱ˵ùϵȻ£Ҳֻ֪ǵһԸҲãҰοһҲһʶľٶȴ˵ˣ㶼һİۡ
һ˵£ܿϼ
Ҷϳ˻⣬ҶˣȳԷ𣿡
ʫҲŵǰղű̫ˣҶöڱˣӱ㹾
˶Цˣղŵαɢ˲١
ͷ˵ߣȥݾ¥Էúøʫ޺ףһ£ٸֵԤףɹҪȻˣԱҪν֣Ҫ繧أֻ½ûʱͬˡ
˶˵ãǸϳҶ÷ܿϼ˳÷ǳĸˣҶĸ첲ܿϼӣ̽ɸǳˣ
ܿϼһҶҪûңڻأﻹܵʲô̽


136 ѧ
Ҷ˵˸УֱοȥѾȥˣٲҪȥˣһҪǰס𣿡
ţ
ղżͷμǵʫ磬ҲϣܶμĻЩأ
ܿϼͷҶḧԼСƱĿʵ֣С¹һɬصͷġ
ﻹһ仰û˵ǾǣʵҲһ𣬸һ⻰̫ˣ˵ˡ
ݾ¥Ҫһż䣬Χһ𣬵һĺòˣΪ绹ҪͷֻҶûʫ޺ܿϼſȣҶ֪ıϵشȻӣͬʱû˯ãЩ٣Ҫٶȼֻ»ӰķӣȻֻǳϮѡҲǹؼ㵽ʱ˻УʫгָĿǺϵĶǿûа취͡
ֺ໥ȰƳԾƵʱͻȻһСЦҶүһλŵĲү˵մ
󣬼ϱ̭ûнҲãѾˣ⻰µǴͷ԰ɣӽԾƣ׼ߣ˵վҪȥҴͷ
ߵĳɸϽһסˣͷ϶м£鷳
ҡҡλ¡
Ҷǳԣȥȥ
÷æû°ɣ
û£֪÷ĵʲôҪȥĻı΢Цİɣɲ칫
˵ŵСһŵż
ͷתȦȦˣϽֵ磡ϷԸ飬Ѿʵˡذ참ܽûе˭ͬŹϵûʲôҡ⣬ǲʵˣϸûʲôҪ죬Ҳû֪ͨšŵĹҲûгԿԿ϶˲ݸųģ
Ҷ۾һؼ֪ͨǸСӣܸܿһģѶƭ֣֡ѯʶصӣŵĻʦȡǸ˵òҪܶϸڣһҵͬʱصȷǣһƨйӡȥй˼ҵĹѰҿܵˣ
ˣȥ죡ͷ˼ʲô飬Ҷˣղ½鰸Ǹͷ˵λأҲμӷܶԼӲ졣ԭȻ׼ģû뵽ȴˡ
һ⻰Ҷˣ̧ͷ·оʲôֿĲ֪ʲô
ͷ֮Ҷֳ˰Żصż䡣
ۿ˶Ѿˣͷ˱˵ܺȣҲɢˡһصٳʯµ
Ҷͻʫޡܿϼ˽ʯǰھ뿪һЩʱ䣬Ժܶαûеٺ͹ʷѾˣ̸
Ĳ¬ڵҲˣ¬ȻҲ˼ƣʫֶı̫һĵطںȾ֮󣬷׷ӣ׶ʫƪ֮˵
¬ڴǰȽ󣬴˿˼־֮󣬵Ҳ׳ˣ˹ֶԻʫ޵ƹ¬ڣۼƹ¬ĳʮֵĽнύ֮⣬֪Ϸ۽أ
ʫ޵һЦл̧ǾʦһӣСŮɽҰ֮ˣθ빫ӱȼ硣
¬˵ÿǶȻܾζȴǳԣɵЩҲסڨڨЦЦһԵĲ廰¬֣ƹѾЩһһϸϣˣƹȻͻѹġ
ǰҶĲһֱûзڣ޶ˣ˫ܶʫҵ˺ܶ࣬ϧ㲻УҪǲһ߲ʫԾΣ˭˭ſڵѧУûȤ
Ҷ٣˵Ҫһ֪ԼҵǲǳٵԤ롣ֻƽûʲôʱ֪ٲԼˡ
ĲһҶĶעſڵѧУʱ̹࣬Ҷ߲ʫľѧֿҶʸ̭߲ʫ˼·֪ԼʵڲǶ֣ԭǲҽеģҶǵսҪԼǻʲôǰ԰ڣҪٸһ߲ʫԼֻǺܴҪ䣬ѵҪſѧУ
ۼĲǺ֪ҶЦûԺǰͱ죡°ܽô˵ǣƤ񣡡
㣡ĲнɫָҶȴ˵Ļ
һԵ¬΢΢üֿӶԼʫźŰɣֽΣ˭˭ſڵѧУ
Ҷ¬ںǺ𾴵ģ˼ҲĴʫˣԼֻΪԽԵʣϮɴʫ˵ļղսĲҲΪԷγԼԱӦսҪ¬ڣԸôԼаʤʤ֮䣬Ȳѧķʽһ˾صʫˡ
ԣҶֵ¬Ըд裬ٺûˡǼ˵˻˵ʱǸĲ˵ģ¬ǾʦĿˣΪ̫ˣʲôѧеĶעҲա
һԵĲŭôˣղŲǺ𣿡
¬ҲҶֲϴͽ̣
ʫ޼ЩԲ磬ȣǱȥɡ
Ĳסôߣѧ˹ߣ
ʫбۿбԼأ
Ĳʱй㬵¬ֿţҪսҡ
¬ҡȣмһۻʫޣŶҶûսֲ֣ú£ѧСʱϷöˡݵһŮĻƹǰѧУҲֵõġ
Ҷӿǿ벻̣ŨüһȻ¬ô˵ˣǺã½оǡ˭˭ſڵѧС
˵ͿԶαϯɵóһ뵽¬ļαĿȻǸԼӣϾģҪԼ¬ڱƵſڵѧУ¬ڹȻɨأֻҲ޹⡣ˡҴ㡵Ķֻ»Լ̫̫ͱˣ²õӡ
ǣһתˣϵŭʱɢ΢΢һЦҡȣƵ˵ף¬ҲĿˣҵĻղѾ˵ˣˣˣſڵѧС¬ˣҾˣΣ


137 
¬гԾݣ˵Ҷ߲ʫĲ飬ҲҶʫȷܾʣ˫ʫ̨ϣ˶ԾҶȻдһɽҰ˳¬ڴʧбЩΪ˵ղУҲǻڼҶг񣬶ʱʱʶҶ߲ʫٶ̭ļƪʫ涼ǾѵƷϸϸҪʤ˶Էֻ»ûաҪ˶ѧУԼҪˣſڵѧеĻʲôؾʦҪͬԷ飬ԼֻȣԼռıҲ̫ˣΧΧ۵ļαɶ˲𰡡
䣬һԵܿϼλǲŸ߰˶ķӣȻӦǷ֮֮£ѧǺͯڵſѧУȻҲͯȤȴ̫ʺλݣͶȺˡ
¬֪Իʤ⣬ܿϼ⻰ø̨ף½¿һЦȻ̽ô˵ˣҪǲǲ̽ղŮˡðɣǾͶĸеȺˡôķ
Ҷһ۲Զ٣¶΢Ц֪ԼڵĴʽ⣬ɵˣ֪ٵͼǾԼ¬Ǿͱڷķµν޵һҪдʫȴҲʵĲУǾΪб׼һʱ޶Ŀ˭ʫ࣬˭ʤʫʸɲޣչʾΣ
ĲһԲ廰Ҫдʲôϸʲôֵһдһ׶û⣡
ҶҵʫֻҪһʫ¬־ѵǴ֮ã䣡
¬ڻͷһԺΪ⣿
˵˰취Ŀ¬ѡˡ
˭ѡռ˵飬ѡ˿ѡԼóĿӮͺܴˡ¬ԳݣȴԸռˣǾĿˣһм˳ȡ
Ҷһڣˣ¬ֳ⣬Ǿ͹ƽˣ
һԵĲæȻСô¬֣ͳˣʶʶʲôĲӣȰӮ˹Ҫһʺ
Ȼ˵Իʫ޵ŮüŤıġ
¬Ҳüһۣһݵһӣôԣ
ҶбۿľΪģȴ⣬ǲðɣˣһжľӣһ߸һ࣬䣡
ͬ䣿ҿҲ̫ˣĲָҶ˵ġ˵ղ˵Ķע˵˵һԼˣԷҪԼſڵѧУǿɾͲˣæֵҲֻŶ
עȻһȻҪԸǰĶעҲǰĶע˭˭ѧУ
ҶԸ¬̫ȴĲΪҪľ취ǳĴûᡣҲ˸ղԼĲעʱɫûκα仯
ĲʱϲǱĺûᣬ¬ڣŶҶֻҪʫʤ˶ԷöԷĿ֮ſڵѧУʲô𶼱ˡúúã˵ģ˵ʫĿҪǳ߸һ࣬䣡ҪſڵѧС
УһԵ¬ڴĻһʲôȵģ
ĲϽ¬֣⣡СӿúܣĿˣʫĵһӣúýѵѵʳſڵѧУ
¬ҡͷԶһҲռ˵ģ
Ĳּû£ҵģѧУһÿúܡ
ո˵㿴Χ۵Ⱥһ˫ʧĿ⳯Ͷ˹˫ĿĲһ飬ϽȣҪѧˣ˹ģǵݣʫд˾һȣҲһμѻ԰ɣ
ҶһֱעĲͻȻı⣬΢֣˳Ŀȥ㿴ߣվһһŮӣȻɫĳۣ
ۣǿǻʼҵ
Ҷˣү㡣˵Ҫʫľˡ
Ҷŷ֣ĲĿүߵϣǸոǴżĿ⣬ʹ
ҶĲүߵʲôϵΪʲô͸ı⡣Ҳûж룬תͷ¬ڵôԿʼ𣿡
һжҲռ˵ġ
Ҷʼ磬Ȼ¬ôţӦʤң԰Լı׼ʫңʤҿ԰ҵı׼ʫңҾ䣬ȸǡһҲˡ
¬ҶĻɵðԵͷ룬ԼʫԼȻʤҪʹĲʫԼҲǡµãǿʼɣ
¬⣡
¬ԥһ£ǳġ
˵Զ˸λ⣬Σ
˵۹⳯ȥλӡ
¬Ǳ˵ģԸղûпĵ˵΢΢ԾϽתȥ㿴˻ӣϽһأμү
ĲҲϽʩ
¬ǾʦһӣļαҲĽĲѧ֮󣬻ʶĲȥʫ״Ԫ㡶ԸҲʣȻҲʶֻҶʶѾ¬ڵĻӡ֤ԼҪӽĿ㡣
ЦǺ١ʷ޵Ůţߵǰʶ¬ںĲȴʶҶҶǰ´һ£תͷֿһߵ٣£ٵ֣λӱ㾭޵λ߲ͨʫҶ
ٵͷ΢ЦǡҶݼү
ҶϽһ񣺡μү
΢΢ͷܲ¬ڣûпʼǾԼȿʼˣðǰд裬ҲǿһλһλǾǵһӣһλݵһӣһλ½߲ʫţνʿ˶Ծǿѵһ۰ϲ֮࣬˵ҪĿɱΣ
Ҷ㡵ĻƺԼΪ˽⣬Լ¬ڡĲһᲢۣɼԼĿأȻ϶ںĹ
ƣľ㡳ģȳд裬Ȼû˷Եġ¬ڸϽҵ֮ү⡣
źתͷ˼ţĿһ绨һ㽿۵ϣ΢΢һЦֹȥ֣дһʫ䣬ϲԧ˫˫ɹһСλԧΪ⸳ʫΣ


138 Ц
ҶѾƵλӦ㡵֮󣬻ǳһ۽ǵɨһĲͷǫûʲô
¬ڹǣǱԧΪ⣬һΪޣ˭ʫ˭ʤ
ã㡶㣡
Ըǵı㣬ҫԹߵĽ
Ů˹¯һżϣԵȼ΢ЦһۣλԿʼˣ
˵£¬ںĲʼ˼ҶѾʿʼд䣬ҶûͣʣһֱͣдţݣֻٶȣѾжϳҶľ޴ˡ
㡺໥һۣ϶ʮֵľȣûйȥҶдݣ´šߵ¬ںĲͷѾʼðȻûпҶ۽ǵѾһֱڲд㰵вãΪһαҪΪʤı׼Ϊٶȣ˼ҲȲҶ
¬ںĲж룬дö࣬δдúãֻҪҶдʫһʲôϸʲôֵʯ˳չ򣬱ˡ˺ܿ쾲ģʼд
˵ĲܵȷְᲢ۵ģһģܿ״ֻ̬Ҫʫõó־Уر𿼾ôõ䡣˿ʼдȻٶԱҶ㡺ƺһ˶ǵһӣҪһ׶ûдԱȶԷ٣Ҳ̫ˡȻǾǵĻ壬д裬¬λǵһҪ˵Ҳ޷úѿҲ޹⡣
㡵ıȻҲҶУһеԵɣбۿ˵ʫԼѾȣٶȣװֻҪƾͿˣ̫ɨ˵ӡҪȷ˵
ۿǰҶߣдţٶȾԽܿϼͻʫ޶ЩżǿǰȺܶ࣬΢ģԽԽ̵㣬޲ǰʹȼÿһ㡣
Ҷһдһף¬ںĲȴԽԽ죬ÿľڣһɢʱʱ䵽ˣλͣʡ
˶ëʡ
㡵λʫ
ͷߵ¬ǰһ£ףߵĲǰһۣףҶ
¬ںĲղһֱھдԼʫûעҶ˿һҶֽĶǣʱ˰ءʮף
Χ۵˶˾֮̾
ҶʫȻ¬ںĲ˵ܺͣף
¬ڶʱɫҰףĬĬȵݵҶǰ
ȵȣĲӦüһʫһʲôߵʯ֮ʫ
üżȻҪģ㾫ʫʣеһλʫ
ǣ¬ڵʫ¬ڹȻƳĽ֮һʹٶȲıʫȻǻѤ˲ٵĵʣҲǳԧƵİک衣һڼαƵƵͷ̾ѡȻһ䡰óɱĿδԸԧ첻ɡѾڶɽ׸ˮʦ̫ˣﵱȻҲͲáʫľɳ̶ȻҲԽһЩ
ҶĽҲʮֵľɣʫеÿʶУȻҲǾͨʫʵĴңɵð
ʼĲʫĲҲݵһӣʫȻ¬λв磬ʫҲǾѤḻֻ˵һک˰飬ȴûе㵽ԧ졣Щˡ˵Ĳͷ
ţҶвҶʫĲ˶˶䣬ϣһϲ̨ʫϧһҶģסŸ׾׵ȴʫǧŵƪ˵Ʒʲôϲ̨ġ
Щʫʱе˶̾ˣرͣͣһҶŸһסˡƪʱҶ˵Ĺ£Ļ˵ģ
ҶСʱ汲˵ĩսҵĹ£ждʵŸдһ֮İʷ֮˵ı¡
Ȼ㡵ү㿴⼸䣬дüáϻ֪ʱԧ첻ޡЦž˿ޡԹĶڵѪ
㡵ͷ̾ǰ
ţֶ˰׾׵ġ޸衷ﾭ䡰ԧ˪أ˭빲ȻҶǽѡеһдģһ̾ġ밲ؾ䡷˿΢꣬ԧԡ¡¶΢ЦҶһۣϲ̶㡵Сʫף麬룬ϲ
дò΢ЦͷҲǳϲ
еһסԧ֮ʲʱϵɫʱ̾һ䣺ݷ̵̻ףֻɺಢɡ㡵һżȻֶٴ촫滺һ̾ԧдϸࡢֿˡһ䣬˵ÿˣֵܣʫңΣ
ʫ˴һʫΪӮˡԧ족дԧʫеľƷرе䣬ǧŵ̾갮䣬Ȼǰˡ
ҶϽݴ棬ʵµҡ
ǿɶлˣתͷ㡣ҪʫװǵãôҶ쿴ţ
ҶЩ֣ϲʫôҪãôҶ쿴ʲô˼бֿ˿ĲҲ֪ʲô
Ҷʫϣڿ¬ڣѾǳ˾塣ԭȻָҶʫϲ̨棬֪˼ҵʫʷ׳ʣգԼǷǳԸһˣҶʮʫǰ磬ߵҶǰһ񣬵ֿνһӣ¬ĳʰ·磡˵գȹ˹ȥ
ҶҲˣְԼ˹ȥ¬ָ߲ģĳһֱʮֵĽ¬д裬£¬ֲǽΪֵܣȱΣ
¬һҶ˵Ķע˽ύ˵÷ǳֿɴΪжҲǸˣҶøУӹҶȣãͣҶ˼£ҶΪ֣¬Ϊܡ
㡹ЦλϧΪֵܣʫһμѻ
һһվŵĲһĲæԼĽɫȹڨڨضҶСۼλ̨ύҲĽ֪ܷΪĩϯ
ҶһץĽɫȣȴᣬȻǻƽ죬Ϳ˽۶ѣ˼ҵֻһѣҶܸģܽʲôϸʲôֵˣҲҸݵһӡ
ĲڶȻܾʱࡣ


139 Ϊ
ٲ廰үʱˣǿʼɣ
㡵ͷתߵǰϯǿҶüۣȥˡ
ʫ޺ܿϼΧ£Ů˷ܣʫ޵һжʤдĶǼƷʫӣ㲻ˣ
ҶֻǵҲûʲôġ
ܿϼϽȥɣǶȥˣ
Ҷһǰѡʮ˵λӣ˶Ѿ˾ʣԼλûţҶڿŵͷ˹ȥһ齣ֹһ䣺ôôడ
˶٣Ĳǰѽɫȣ৵һſ˿ɫϻһֻϲȵ֦ͼһ˵˵ҪôɽˮҪôʫʣҪôɰͻ÷¹ɶģ˻ŮҲϲıʾ鰮ԧͼɵбۿĲһۣһһ廨ͷС
ĲһŰ׾ӶʱǺˣ޺޿Ҷ
Ҷ£齣Ҳ̫˵㣬ôû˴ɨһ˵һ߽Ĳǰѽɫչŵϣһƨ档
λñȽϿߣ㡡ٵȹĺһţЩûпǣȴˣرĲߣõʱ̡
Ĳǰ˵ˣӮҶȣҪһʺȻҶڱ仰Ȼûһʺɱ羰飬ƨЧҲˡ
Թ۵˴˸ղ˵ĻҲ֪ԭίɵöЦ
㡺֪ЦʲôͷеָϽˡֻĲһƵġ
¬ҶҲ࣬Ȼ֪ô£΢Ц磬ر
ҶٺһЦ˲Ҳˣұطˣ
ë˼侭۶¬Ȼ֪ŸоȻǿɵҽһãղŴǸ˰С֪ġ
ľġҶ˵úϣȷǷġȻҲЩһ˲¬ڵͱ˼ŭˣǺָܿƽ¬ڵľռϷ硣
̨ϣԳ⣬ȻҲˣݵڶ˱֡
⻹Ҷһμ˱ݡ
ǰҶѾӶŴ֪λ˱ǵһȫȨ޼ɵִ£Ҳ飬Ϊõ޼ɵʶһ·ֱϣݱݡڼֻһɱͷò˲ò࣬ˮɶй֮
˱ݲִ³ıʿڲŶǼѣϲذıһ飬رʮλѡվʫһ˵þɷ׳ʣǽζ
ϣ˱ݹ̨ѵʾ⡣
̨˵һпҲʮλѡѡֵıָ˸߶ۡر¬ڡҶĲ˵ʫǴ͡
㡵ĲɫԺһЩָ˼ź±ʾ⣬ŷûȣѾ˼ҶƨȥˡвѡֶܴʹӣҪһѶܣֻ㬵صҶһۡ
̾ϣ棬Ҫյľˣʮλ̨
¬ʮ̨
Ҷ֮ĲһƨԼǰȣѾĿȫǲӣñӶˡ
Ҷ˼־òףĲ̫ˣҪϲˣ㡺תͷԼĲԼˣֻ»Լ̫ֻȣͰ͵£һѥͲ̨
ѥͲԲذ֮ȴǲȵĵطο߰ȥģѹһ£Ĳ״һ÷̡
ʮ̨֮Ѿںõʮ¡
˱ݽŵ⡣
İ΢ЦǱģİշǳĸˣʫңĲŮһδܵκԿһݵĲǡһҪ⣬Ӧˣ밮ɣ
ǰԸ˱㣬Ը⡣Ӹ˾̾
ݸһЦϸ̨վ㡵ߣܽʮλݶĲӣ˭ʤеʮλ԰رǸղżʶΧʫ㣬߲ʫ֮ܵҶֵܵĴءȺʯ磬ĪڱʹһΣ
ЦˣϾƣ
ʹӱ̧һ̨̳ߣֶһСľ׷̨Сָÿλѡǰһɫ̾סһǹŶ
ʹҪ輾ƣҡ°ɣ
ʹӲ֪ΪʲôƣæӦ̨ȥ
ߵʢƵĴǰһͭ輣΢ЦԭԮ񽬡̫δɽޱǸλ輾ƣΪλ輾ưɣ
һ⻰Ҷʱеһɺӿͷ仰Ҫһ˵Ҳˣƫƫǽε˫˵һֺ֮Ůˣο߳ж
ָоҲĸоһʱ䶼ֱͦˡüëҲŨ裬һ
һʮλѡǰͭ˾ƣָ㡺ԼҲˣžף˵
ּƣ
޼ȣ
ʽ
⼸ǡʫʫ䣬˵ȻûкþƣûкòˣҲǿȼɡ
˵գ۳סһ׵ơˣʮλǲģһһ׵ľƺȸˡʵȾƵģǺһ
нţŲ󣬵ʵװһƵĺܿϼ
һףȴ£ɣ΢Цߺ
Щﶼ뱣ԴѣҪȶˣдʫƪòΣǿɾͿˣҪǺûа취дˣǸľףȲȥģЦҡͷ
Ҷվ͸¶в֮
Ҷվ¬ڱҲ΢ЦϵƣԾƵ裬ΣСͬ
΢ЦǵһӣȻָơ
ĲҲ̫ľޣղһȥѾ⣬ȻҲٺһףֻ»ӰԼķˣƨŲһ£׻û
ٱʾ⣬ҶҲٱ
Ϊ˴ƣ
Խü٣
Ҳǳԡʫ˵ƣף١
ȻҲáʫĻؾԼ¶΢Ц΢΢ͷơ


140 ʱ
Ҷָһף̾ľǲˣ
Ҷ¬ڶȸˣ΢Ц񣿡
Ҷܲ˺ȾƵʱᾢοԷһŮӣɵúƣǧգһٱȣ
޵һ٣ָҶơ
¬ҲҶĺȾˣľһ㣬ȴҲѾ׸߾٣
ʱƣ
浫ҡĪǮ
˵գҲ˱ˣԼһӣ˰һ׾ˡӲɵҡһ¡ҶϽֲסǸһЦգգۣʾ޷
¬վˣҶŷſ˾¾Ɑ
ҲȸˣԷҺ죬ˮĴ۾Ҷɣ񣿡
Ŵһ䡰ɡҶĶһ¡νĳĳɣƳֻһͨĶӵĳƺûк컴⣬൱ʮϰߵĳƺͬ־ǿͷֻԼˣϽһһ£ЦǺǵƮڣ뺨飡
һЦɲ߲ʫţڱǾ䣡ҾҲʫţһף
ֺһס
һԵ㡵Ǻ꣬æֵܻҪʫأٲܺˣ
ȴĿȴҪȸдøã˵գбۿҶʣܺ𣿡
ҶЦ뾡Īʹ׿ն£ţΪ֣һٱ
ЦţǱѾ׼ˡ
Ҷ̧ȥȻѾвʹ𣬿ʼտţ򣬰ΣϲȣΪһὫеľ׼ˡɵùһˮ
ǲЦøǻ֦ҲǶˣղүҲ˵ڲٺȣʫҪǶˣүţһݣүʹã
㡵ͷϧҵһƴƵĲӣɨأҪǾһݣ
Ҷ˶䣬Ҿһ񣺡лүл
¾ףɨһ̨ϵĲǣ촽ҵĿԾΪ⣬ߣдƵĺãߣҲдƵĲãԣ㼺
һֻȻĸоԭղŴ;ƣҪжԾƵĸоȻдд룿
ݸһЦǣԾΪ⣬ûо⣬дʵͬ侳Ǿķ羰ġ
ƵƵͷܺãǾͿʼɣ
Ҷһ⻰ˣ벻ȻҲһɣҶϲȾƣҲϲھƵʫ䣬һⷽʫʣһʱ侹Ȼ벻ѡһףſվףһ˫˾ۣ˼
Ҷɣ㷽ŵ䣬ʮֵľɣȻܷʫУ
ղҶǼ䣬ʫɼӾ̫׵ġơȻô˵ˣǾûѡˣµĪҲӣ
ܺãʼɣ˵գȼ˸̨һ¯һ㣬˸̨
Ҷȴվգ죬۾һơ㡻һۣɣĪ޾⣿ˣ
ҶҲлһߵǴǰԥһ¸ɴпվףֱץס輣ʢƵһʹ輾ƶ
ӣ̨˶棬̨ϵĲӣ붼¶ϲɫرĲҶԼˣдʫԼϣˡ
¬ڿѾƵˮȣЩżëʣ߹ȥ˳䣬ˣ磬ʫ㶼ȼһˣ
Ҷۿ˿¯㣬ȻѾȼȥһ롣νҡҡͷİɣ˾ƣдƵʫǵһӣȴǾˣеζģȥ˵գ¬ƻ齡
Ҷһþֱ輾ƺȣһб۾Щӣһ¯㣬еĲӶѾͣʣҲѾʣˣŴЦ˾輣߻齣̨ëʣߵΧŸ̨ѩǰʾд
ֵ˱ݸϽѽС
ȴ΢ЦʾⲻҪ˱ű졣
Ҷÿݣд̫׵һ׾пʫơ
ƺ֮ˮء
׷˿ĺѩ
뾡Īʹ׿ն¡

廨ǧãƣͬų
Ŀдü죬Ǳʷȴһ㶼ңߣһ׺ľпʫ˸ܵĺ
дһ֣ëһӣɲĲԴϡĲȴȻһ𣬴ϵһǧƪҲǾʫʵţѾˣȻûע⵽ͷϵ֧ʡ
̨˱ݿһȼոպã
¬ڿһʫߵҶǰҾһ統Ǹţ˵ʫСܱдһ꣬Ҳд
ҶϽ񣺡ܿˡ
̨ǾŸҲǿҶʫǾ壬ͷӶƵƵͷ
ʫѾɣʫȻɡ
˱æӦˣ˵ʫһˣȻд÷ǳľɣ˶ҡͷԣ̾ѡ
ϣŸи㡣ԱһΧĸ顣
̨µٶҶıַǳ⣬ж֮ɫȴų̂ףأֻǶϣϵʫ΢Цţʱͷ
һᣬŸи㡳ˣн˱ݡ
˱ݿһۣ΢΢Щȣͷ˿ѾվһŵȴҶˣſ˵Ŀڲŷǳãѳ˵ʫĽǶȶһ飬Ȼ˵컨׹ˣǴĵ֪˭õһ
һ֮̾˱ſʼΡ
ɨ˳һۣ棬Ҫʫ̽ǡ˺һᣬŴ˵֣ʩۣ
ʮǿĲҶģ֪ʩһҳѾʮˣźأʫȻҶҲϲõʵġ
̨̨̾ʩЩȣǺͣҾл
Ĳ˵һӱˣǰ滹Ҷ¬ڣ϶ǵһ͵ڶԼǱǰף
ȥǵһ״ԪݵһӵĳƺŵġȴҪǰףᣬɥһ̨¹ϯŵĸӷܣǻ̿֡ͷˡ
ţ˱棬ʫ۵ǡһΣͣٵʱֱ˵Ŀⶼɱϵʱϳ֣Ĳ


141 ɲŮò
ʱ䣬ĲһĿϲһʱ侹Ȼˣվﲻ֪˱ݡ
˱΢Цϲӹӣ˱ʫİۣ
ĲȷϵڶԼȻȥ״ԪֻǵڶˣӦѹŶԣȴûһѹΪһ飬ǾǼȻԼõڶǵһͿ϶¬ڣΪ¬ģǾǵһӣʫ״ԪܱųǰףȻ̫ʦˡ˵ҶǸ
ЦҶÿζʤһΣȻԼڲں棬ˬ죬ԶԼ״ԪҪ˷ܡ
ҶɫҲѿˣѾǰٵıֿˣǲԸ¬ļα̫˵ģ̬Ⱥ̶ܴ˵㡵̬ȣ㡿϶Ȱ̬ȴݸЩСԣ¬ڲܱǰףųǰ֮ģֻԼˡ
һ̨µ٣ٵɫȻҲÿ¬ҶõģжҶӦʤ¬ڣܽŴܾǵһӵս㡵ע⣬һʵ۵ע⡣Ҳ֪㡺ܿ¬ڣ¬ڴʦʦǻϳǻʵ۵ĵ̣Ҫ̫ңϲÿղ㡽˲أֻ±˱ģ϶ֻҶˣ
ȻЩʧǣǰҶһжѾսʤ¬ڣ㣬Ѿ㡹Ŀ࿴Ƕ˵ĿѾʵ֣ҲرʧƼҶ΢΢һЦʾ޷
ҶҲ΢΢ͷĿȻȻתмϣһ£һһƤϲõɡղ㡻ʱߵѾԣԼѹ¾ǵһ¬ڶȻôԼΪıأ
ѵ
˱ݵȳ˵̾ల֮󣬲ɤţ棬Ҫʫ״Ԫѡǳѣţо˼ҵۣΪĶ̫ɫˡջҪġǵ飬ʤߣҲǱʫ״Ԫǡ
һΣ˱ûͣãΪ˶ѾеעͶһѲӶ쳤ˣ䶼ˡ
ǣ˱ݰᵽߣüɤ˻״Ԫǡ¬ڣ
жʱˣ󲿷ֵǲȻǶҶһסơѾѹȺۣ״ԪûģҲӦǰۣû뵽ȴûнǰһʱ۷׷ס
̨Ĳ̲סЦҶ־òʣϽ¬ڹֵ¬֣ϲ
¬ڸûҶȴ¶΢Цƺ΢΢Щ֣ļ򣬶˱ݵԣҵʫȻҴģ״Ԫ
˱һЦֵٰ꣡ҵĻû˵أ
µ˶ע̨ϣ˱ݵһ仰ȻȴѾ˶֪黹б仯
Ȼ˱ٴɤţ쳹ÿ˵ĶĤʫǲ״Ԫһ״Ԫʫ̳㡪ң
һƬ̾е˶վơ
ҶղѾıвµյĽû̫棬ֻ΢ЦŹл
еһ
ԼӦ뵽ֻǰЩżˣȴû뵽ٵʱѾƲסϲã̫ˣǰ˶ԾҶһжսʤ¬ڣʵԤڣڵıǲУҲԲ¬ڵӣѿõĽˡ
ʫ޺ܿϼ̲סȸԾ̨ϱϲЦտĲʱ˪ӣʵҲӦ֪ƾҶһ¬ڶʰ·ġơô׶ȥأ¬⣬һӦҶڶ¬ڣԼӦǵŶԵġ
ţ˱㡡Լ͹ʷ˸ײӰ佱˱ݵķˣйʷķλȨ˸Ůװ佱ƷͭǮ֮⣬״Ԫһ̨滹ǶɱʯһѴǶʯȡ̽һ֧Ƕʯëʡ̨ϣԿĳʫ״ԪԿ㡵ױʣݵһӡȻŮӵǡݵһŮҶͻʫλŮ״Ԫ֣ǵɹԿȥġ
ƷΪ׼Ķݣ³ֲеԵҲ⡣
ĲȱҶһƨˣֵһȣǿֲϧǴģ̫ˣҲҲһ衣
콱֮󣬱νֻ֣Ů״ԪС
Ҫνֵʱ¬ȴôϣɺܼ򵥣֪֮״ԪӦҶģֻչԵ˵һʵڲ˼μν֣ңֻˣҲݷ¶档
̬ȼҲûа취ֻǨȥʯֳԾƵš
£ҶͻʫޱǴһʣŸͷںƺƵһӹֺĻ£뿪ٳ£ݼҪĴҡСʢȫŮ׺ĻֵģʱѽֵǵǵģҲʵˣһţ˵ɲŮòһԣѻʫߵͨ졣
ȥڣĲһҲν˵ģĲ۸ڶ·ֻһνƵģԶԶǰ棬˦ں棬е˶עȥˣʫȴһûע⣬Ȼô˵ǡڣҶǸУͬװȻͬĹעһῡŮȻЩ˳ӭ׶鷽룬˳˵ɲŮòһԡ֮ġ
ҶҲЩ˼ͷԻʫ޵⣬ĵġ
ʫ糺һֻۣԼõ˵ĸá
һȦ֮ߣ쵽ٳµʱҶȻ·Χ۵ȺУ˸ִ£
ҶŤͷһȻǴͷԼ֣Ͻס
ͷ˹Ҷͷյߣ磬ѾˣƥĳֽѾˣǡ
Ҷ˴ͷĻ۾һˣͷļ򣬵ɵò

νֽһ˺ƺƵصٳ԰¡
ʢѾںˣҲȼȫζƮ֣ΪٳµĺԺѾ뿪ԲûйϵүˣֵȻҲҪͬġ


142 ƭ˵ı
ⳡʢʵҲݹٳһᣬȫͷﶼμˣǵ׾죬ŮŮַǷһʼ϶ǸʶȽˡ
˽ܣҶ֪ǰμӱλǳõӣ峯һλŮѹ־֮áʱ㡰ԼλҲˣһλһλ¬ܵλ¬ʱҶ뵽˶ɽˮʦ̫ҫһλΡλ¬λ¬ȥݵĶϹ㡣
Ҷ¬ڣ֪㡾ֻλ϶ˮʦ̫˵¬ǰλֻΪ㣬ֻüŵǳ벻ͨѾΪˣôôص¡
˵һʼ͸ҶƴƣҲӲȣоʫйءóʫʣҶȻһƤʫƪȴľǲ඼ȾơҲ壬ҶȻóʫ˾ֱҶĴսҲǻȭҶǿʤܱʵתľƶˡ
ǲȭģ˱ݡʷǸ̸۵ı˵ġ
䣬ȵѾ죬ʱƣһ㿪ˡ
ҶҲ뱣ѣµȥ졣
ҡҡλž׾ƺۿˣܶ˶ˣ˵ŻʱѾˣкü¯𣬵Ҳð
ʫ޺ܿϼѾʮ󸾲ˣðԼ顣۾ԼĿϡ
΢΢Щҡ˹ȥ˼ǰ΢Ц̣ܸ㾴𣿡
λ̣ǹʷĵңϴιʷͳԷƣˡλŶյŮӡ
Ҷһ绨ʱ¶˲õЦݣһЦЩǣµĵһƣ檿ɲҵ
Ҷ΢Ц黭ٿڵһλģ̵գҪԳŵڶҲû˸ŵһġ
ݸһЦһۣ⻰˵òĵġλ檳÷ݵģգ㲻֮¡
˵˱Ц߿ˡ
ҶյĶߣѹȴһһص̸̲úã˵ٻƭ˵ı£Ҳǵһ
Цݴӹ̵ʧˣҶлҶ⻰ʲô˼
ʲô˼ѵ֪̰Ѷƭû¶һѻܱܲǵһ𣿡
һĨţ˲伴šָֻ΢ЦֻǱԵ˹죺óܻܲط˵
аȥ˵
һָʯ徲ȥ˵ɺã
ҶбйŮ棬ֻ²̫ðɣ
̳ԳЦţôˣѵ¼檳㲻ɣ
ҪǳңҲˣҪϵʺӣǿɾ˵ˡ
Цøǻ֦Ҳƹ˵ģǷεݵһӣθɱ羰顣Ȼ⣬Ǿʯ˵ܲô˼𣿡
Ҷͷһʯ棬ƿΪҪص㣬ûʲôˡܿЩ飬ҲõʩʲôСͷ
£ߵʯվסˡ
ʣڣ˵һ£Ϊʲô˵ҰѶƭģ
ҶԹԺһھƣŵݶصķ˳˵һԳݸŵ֪ͨȥţ˵н񣬺سȥˣžͱɱҲԶĽֱߡǸˣʱװǣһƥƨйӡǱ߶Ȼ˾֣Χƹ˵顣ݵĹģŹõ֮⣬ķɢںٵļٸϡǵѾˣϣŵĹٵĹûгֻǸϵĹȥһʱңȥʱ䣬ǡǶرɱʱ䣡Ǹϸ˵֤ʣŷ֤֤ȥʱ䡣Щôͣ
Щңҳȥ𣿡
ҹƭС𣿡
˭涨İҹȥһѣûмͻˣҲ𣿡̺ΪԼץô˵ɶˣҲһЩ
Ҷȴת˻⣬Ƶ̵ٵ÷ǳãرע⿴ˣ̵ָϸ޳ҺǳʺϵٲҡɱֳǽҵһöѪӡͬѪӡҲϸ޳̵ķǳƣҵȤһȽϣǲµġ
̵ɫڳ׵رˣûѪɫ
Ҷֽŵ⣬һҵһǳؼ֤ݣŻֽţϧּֽѾȫɢˣֱ治ּûģòͷֽȥҳ黭ʦ˿ҵʦ֤ˣǳԽһֽΪаԣطֽûеص㣬ױϡְֽʺϻζīɽˮ黭ʦ˵ˣֻֽزųֱֽȽϹ󣬼ְ֮Ժܶ黭߶ã·ϲûġ
˵ҶŹѾûѪɫ˵ʷڽةʷóľִʼīɽˮţʷļһֽ
ͷҿҶ
Ҷһڣҿȷɱص˾㣬ɱ˶ΪڣֽдӵвԾֽ˪ӷܽӲ죬нֽӽˮʦ̫ҡ֮󣬾ͷԾˡɱģͿԽΪʲô鲻¶书ȴûпܣҲûкȣûڱ֮˵¶֮˵ԭָ֪ʾ¶Ҳ֪ɱ˶أǣóʷΪʲôҪȥһѾд̵ãһûв壬㡭
Ҷո˵ͻȻ̹ĽͻȻֱ˸צֱץҶʺ
һзǳͻȻûκԤףǰһܺµӣ˭뵽ͻȻ֣ҳֱ
ϧһצȴˣ
Ҷɵض㿪ˣ͵һצĲӣ
̴󾪣벻ҶȻܶһצ
ڿնһͻϥǴžײҶС
Ҷ֪Լն֮ĿǲǿһӲӹһͻ


143 
ˣ
ҶеС⵽ײȴûôʹǹ̲ҽһȥˤ˵ϡ
ҽ˵ע⣬Ѿ˲ñģѥͲһ̽Ҷ
ҶһתܣȻѾ˷ˣɻ֪书ȳ׷ϣ㿴ٰΧͬʱʷҲŵس
ۿʯѾүĻΧסϥǸղײҶСϣȴͬײһϣۣʹߣȻ޷ӳΧһҧͻȻתܽʯ
ʯֻϵ··ȥˣܽʲô
ٵѾܵҶߣʵʲô£
Ҷָʹ¶ɱˮʦ̫ΪڣְѶɱˡѾ˳ֵ֤ݣղѶͻȻҪɱң
ʷɫ䣺˵ʲôңҼǣ֣
ո˵˾УͷϿš˼æ̧ͷȥ㿴ʯһ⣬վһŮӣɢṇ̀
˼æˣʷʲôºú˵
̲ȻһЦִ£ָʹضˮʦ̫Ϊ֪Ķӣв˵ҪǲɱҾŪĶӡɱˣҲƭ֮ɱģΪڡˣӶˣҸɵģΪʲôҪôұɹ㣡
˵գһƬУһԾӾŲߵʯصһ£صݵϣȻ˰˸ߣ˵ϡ
泯ţ˫ָ߸ߵƺҪץסȥ
ŮǾУתɴ۾Χ£
Ҷȥ£ѾʹŤѪشð۾ɵôġ
Ҷ֪㲻Ļʹң˭ôɵģΪʲô
û˵۾һĨЦ⣬գһĨЦ
ʷվŵ㣬Ǻοأʲôܽ飬Ҫ
ѾڳɱˣηɱҲûҶˡ
ֻǣһж̫ͻȻǺϲһʢ磬ȴһѪܵĽ֡ǰʱ䶼˳С
㡻˾£˶ȥɣʷҲȺ򣡡
׷ǹʷ̫ȻҪرܣѼſʬļ˴֡
鷢ʱ㡵ѾʯΧˣ˼߹٣˶ܿ⻰֮ܿбͶ˳֡
˶ˣ㡲Ҷʣô£
Ҷԭί˵һߣҲԼ֤һ˵ˡһֱţ󣬻ͷƵúƯֻϧ׷ηɱˡ
Ҷֵү׷֮ɱΪڸı
Ŷʲô𣿡
ûСҶʵʵش𣬡ֻҵһָоΪ£ûбҪɱģ鰸ڼ仹⣬ǾͿԱסһûУǹʷʷƷ٣ͨҪ̣δû·ǣȴææɱˣܾǵǵﱻƹĻ
֮㡵ͷԱߵһۣҶĻ֮ˣ᲻ǡ
Ȼû˵֣ٺҶѾв³ָˣӦþǹʷ
룬Ŀǰûκ֤ݣѾˣò鰡
ҶܴܰڵĻ󾾳𣿡
ҶƼ󰸣еŴͷһ
ȻţǻǲҰѻ˵̫ˡοĻֺܾܿǹʷĸ߹ٲ鴦͸ѡ
㡵Ǻãͼ˰ڹʷǰҪ¶ڷ磡
ף
Ͼɫûͣ챾Ӧúúôһģϧ顣ˣԺһᲹɣ

÷һֱģлʫ޺ܿϼ
Ҷʱ򣬶Χ£÷Ѿ֪˹ηɱʯ飬Ҷæʵô£˵ʷ׷ɱˡ鲻鷳ɣ
÷ϲİţرǶ԰ϵ飬漰еɷҶҶƵİӵİȻǹʷңʷݵڵĹλҪ߰뼶ɲš
ʫ޺ܿϼҲһҶ
Ҷ΢΢һЦõģӰѾڳ֣ҴҲˣԼԾģûйϵʷǸˣûΪǨŭҡԷİɡ
⻰÷һ˳˼
صңҶְѥͲĲǰѾӵӵ˳
һΪҶܿϼŮ̽÷㡢óõգһ²ȣŮҶ˸ʹ졣
ݣ÷θҶ˽ף컷⣬ҴɫֻλˣΪϸ

ļ졣ҶԪɱ˰
еļѾˣܽԪԼʺ򶼳Ŭװ裬оǰڸǣеһǽԪװ衣󣬹ʷõʵ۽·˵ĵһӽʱд⣬Ϣи˽ԪǣԪڿػװʱҲͲװˡ
ԪϵװõȷϣСҶܿóԹɱдԪն̡󰸣Ԫ֪ԼѾû֮ǣǵɱˣжĿã֤ȷʵ֣ʴҲһİ˳ᡣϱݸš
֣һ
ЩҶæ˰æ֮⣬ݵһӳƺ֮ڴʻ㣬кܶμӡΪԼӰ죬ʵٵҪҶֻҪܳʱģμˣһĻҪʫģҶȻЩƪĳϣǺŪȥ¡
㡵¼ڿʼˣݸĳҶμ㡵¼ΪȻֻǼݴʷǽϵĴ󶼶ͬʱ¼ΧǺϵʮݶһʮءȻеضȥģֻǸǰյԩ״ӵοǰѾȥأⶨʮΪص¼ĵص㣬ֻԵһߣв֣Ͳȥ


144 
¼ʱֻһ£ʱܽȻȥ¼Ҫ˽ѿܴڵԩٴͬ¼Ȼ󽫽ʰС
Ƴʱ¼Ѿγƶȣ¼ĸзЧģ൱ڵмල󣬾еЧ
һͬȥ󰸵Ȼٲˡǣ¼ص͹ԱܲμӣֻҪʱŴѯʡһٳزص¼ķΧٵĴƼҶҲ˳ؽ㡵¼СΪݸ˾˾ǰ̲飬ҲͬԼ¼
¼ĵһվľ¤ء
ȥ֮ǰҶȥҪ
ľͺҶǳ̾;壬ϴαҪһݵģϧ˹ηɱ飬㲻ɢˣҪټԼҶԭΪԼȥźȾƣϴεĶƵġû뵽ȥ֮ȴûо硣
ĺ԰һͤټŮ֮⣬ûˡңŮԶԶվͤ⣬ڽǰҶ֪϶ʲôҪԼ֮Ҳ˵ֶڡ
ǰʯϣһ״ӣģЩ״ӣһԼյģͨ;͵൱һǶεſںԩģҿſԼˡͽү֮үˣһˣ¼ʱ顣ʣµЩ˵ûа취ûа취ΪүЩ鲻ð죬˵ɷǳľͨԣҰЩ㣬ͬү¼ʱ㿴ûа취һ¡ǲҪǿ𣿡
ĿҶ˵ҶЩܳϽһ飬ֻҪģһ
ЦˣʲôǷҲֻǵʱ˵뷨Щ뷨һЩɹ涨ҪҲЩ˵뷨ʱǨԼܻı뷨ֻ֤ǵʱ뷨ǲġˣУе顣ԷӦգѭ
һ⻰Ҷʱǳľȣһۣ벻˾ʫʺ֮⣬ڷɵıҲ̵⡣˵û˹ڷɵ۶ϣɾͳν׼ͳεһֹߣֻҪͳߵ棬άͳߵͻͨΪɣǿʵʩͬʱΪ˸رͳߵ棬ͳ߻ʩ̡ˣ涨ڵʱķĶδؾ
ټ򵥵ӣ顷涨İƶȣʵۺݵȰ˷ԴᴦʹҲԳ飬ʵٱٵƶȣҲԹٵͽԹٵƶȣԱĹλ۵ڣƷƷµģһְԵͽһ꣬ƷһƷµģһְԵͽ̶ꣻǹ۵ڸࡣԱӦд̵ģͽ̺ùְ֡ҪǹְٲֵģǱͽ̵Ǯ
Ҳ˵ٵķùְ߽Ǯ̷ķɹ涨ҪǷִᣬ˵Ҫˣô˵Ҳᱻĭ
ִҲƵӣƶȺͽƶȣ֮˶ΪӦõģȴϳˣߺ˼뷢˱仯ִѧ첻С񷨷Ƿ۶ʲôǶ񷨣ν񷨣ֻʱչˣʱǨˣеķѾϺߵ˼ˣŻΪ񷨣˵ƶͽƶƶ֮Ƕ񷨵۶ϣͲʷΨ̬ȡڻͷ顷Щ涨ִ˾úܻ͵Ķ񷨣ǸʱûɣұΪȻʹһǧꡣͶٷɹ涨ʹһǧꣿ
Ҷó羴۹⿴ȻӦգʲôΪ׼أ
񣡡Ϻ񣬲񷨲ܼߣӦΪȡ
ͳķ˼룬ҲǧйŴ˹ϵ˼롣ɸݵʱΪȡ纺ʱиӣĳûжӣһӤΪӣӳɱˣ׾ͰķɲﷸҪ̵ģǶáϵĸһ໥صĻûи׵ǵʱķɸҪ󲻷ʱ򣬷аͰҲͳΪˡ顷ƶ໥ƶȵ֮һ
ǳԭ򣬶ҪҶرİȴǷǳľ壬˾İҪպ÷ĹϵͲô׵ˡ㲻þΥ참
οҶλһǧİ֮ԽڷˣеͲǹŴ⽨ƶȵĸٳˣļֵۡ߼ܶǲݵģǽȻ෴ģδͬӣ˼²ⶼ㲻ˣǹŴȴΥģڼһ֡Ҫܵġٱܶڵ¾ףڹŴҪ̷ֶδ粻ŴҪӵġ
ˣҶԣҪһǾڹȫ⽨̵ͬʱԼѾ˼άƵִļֵۡ
뵽ЩҶеͷˣ֪ǰЩӣȻүü֣ǾͲǺ׵飬ҪѺܶӵġ
µ˼ǣԵ㾡ܷȥ죬ô飬һ㶵ŵġ
仰Ҷеһʯͷˡʫ㡵ı㡶λǷǳĳ谮ģĻһзݵؽġ
ңЩѾѻ˵ֵزҶʲô˵ģֻܹܾܾ
Ҷǰֵһáġ
¶΢Цͷţү˵ԾΪڱʹˣ𣿡
ǵġ
ҵ˺𣿡
ûУΪѾˣˣȻڻǹʷںָʹû֤ݡϹ٣ҲûȨ͵вѯʡ
ЦЦҿԸṩһЩ
Ҷһ£æл˵
۱΢紵ҵͷȻΧûˣǷŵһɲ¬ϸĳм飬ǣߴŵģܾܿǸڴﱻͶɱĶɽˮʦָֻ̫оһֱûõƾʵݡ
һ⻰Ҷʱǰһ뵽һЩ顣Ѿд̵ˮʦ̫ĶҪЮԾʱ֪ԭڽϢҵɱˮʦ̫һܵɣǾڸ¬ļ飡
֤֮һ·Լ򹢳ʷ˵ˮʦ̫㡵¬ϵ֮󡣵ʱԼΪ˼ʷ˵Ҽɱ飬˾ҪԼһ˵ҪصҪ򹢳ʷֻһڣ˾Ҳ֪ȴʹʷ˵ˡԼΪԲ˵ˮʦ̫ڶɽ԰Լ¬ϵеĻ˵ˡ


145 ¼
û뵽˵֮󣬺ܿˮʦ̫ͱȷˡ̾ǹʷңҪǾǹʷҲ֪ˮʦ̫¬˽ͨǣߴŵ飬ԼĻ֮󣬵¶Լҹ̰ˮʦ̫
ˣǣʷΪʲôҪ¬ļɱأѵͨˣԼ
һ뵽⣬ҶԼЦˣ˵ģ˵ʷǴ󸹱ӣΪ¬ϣôܿ۹ְֻһƷĹ٣Ĺٲֻ۶ȥơԣʷԼǼۣӳϿǲܳġ
ǹʷɾͲýˡǰĻļҳпף
Ҷʣûл˭пǼأ
мˣֻû֤ݡ
Ŷļ
һӸ˽۶¬ͬ磬ߵúܽ¬һ㶼кܶᵥ۶˱ݵķݣ˱ƼүӶԸģ˹ϵͲ˵ˣ˱ݸʷݣ˫ϵС
Ҷͷ۶ǹʷɱڵпܡ
ţһֱ˶Ŀǰûзκ֤ݡ֮⣬һΣ꣬ڼѧʫţرóʫܵ¬ʶ˾һЩⷽʫȻѾʮˣǱܺãҲʮӡҲΪʡʵΪһǱȽϿõģⷽ濴Ҳ̫Ըʲôϵ
˲òడ
⻰Ҳʷ˱֮䲢ûʲôرĹϵǣЩϵ⹢̵ĸ磬λͬϵһ㡣
ŶϵЩӰ
ٳֹϵ֯һپ٣һ𡣡
Ҷλ峯Ůʲô˵µͷ
ŵ⻹һĶͷĲ
Ҷ룬̫ܰɣῴ𣿡
ûг֮ǰĲݵһӣΪ˷ΣǵúܶŮΪءʫٵõ¬ϲŹԱľۻϣҲйӴҲûõƾʵݡ
ҶʫĲʱӦƺѾԴʫʱ򣬼ЩȻ
ţ֮ǰע⵽ˣ˵黹Ǳҡ
ʷ֮ĹϵӦ׸ʷ֮Ĺϵɡ
ֻһ棬ʷԼĲǰݵһҲǳĿأ檣ԣĲǼҵϱΪ׵Ĺϵ
Ƴʫ󱳾֮£еʫֻҪԸ⣬кܶѵġԼǰĬĬţʫ֮һӳעĿĽ㣬Ƶ
ֽ˵һص㻳ɵģһصûҶû׼
ҶȤ˭
Ҳ֪Ұ¬ߵ˵мΣ¬˵ǷǳᣬŮ⣬ҲиһпһӰ¬ԺԽǽǿʲôˣΪ̫ˡ˾ǲ¬ˣ˵ûһˣҺܲܿ϶Ϊҵ˵ܱ֮⣬û֤ݣܱҲ˵ǲһˡ
ˣӦһ书ְ
ţ˸ʷûйϵɱǲҪЩҶû֤ݼ֤ʵĸҶûг׼¬û˽顣ϣûУҲϣֻǲ׽Ӱ
ҶЦˣΪʲôҪʫϵʫݷ̵̻ףֻɺಢɡϣĿӦ¬ѣҪԧָڡ
ҲЦˣܴҸЩֻҵƲ⣬ϣ
̫ˣʾƵķ֪ôˡлл
ţ߲ʫ־ͨɣȷǷǳѵõ˲ţúøɣһдΪġ
ǣ
Ҷһ״ӣ뿪ص˼
е״һݷݵĶϸжһ£ɿЦȻǺֵܼ顣Ҷǲͨ;ʵĿĵ顣ֻı˳ˡ
գ¼һ˳ˣźӵı£ڶм䡣һں档ں棬ҶЩˣ档Ϊ¼칫ûЯҾ졣
¤ؾݲԶٵҲܺߣһգѾ˾¤سǡ
ȫعڳӭӡΪ¼һӲ죬Ϊ˱ӣչŴӷ磬֮ԹͿʼ¼
¼ļ򵥳㡴ŵĴֳ칫һ飬кԩģ㵱ѯкԩ¼ڰȻŰר˸飬Ȼ飬ȷ֮󣬵ܲþþǵܣҪһʵģѰѺ⵽ţͬʱаҲתߣ鴦ֱó֮ύþ
Ȼ˵ռĺԩİҪи֮⣬ǰѾյ˺ԩ״ӣڵصģҲҪȡϽи飬ѯʰЩеģ㡳ԵηӲ첢ȡԩķ˵״֮⣬İ飬µԸȻ⴦
¤ֻһСأѺİ࣬¼أԤһᡣ
ǣҶ˵ǲһΪһҪ鴦õ״Уһھ¤صġ
ӴǰѾ״Ӻúÿһ飬ڵãֳӵȫڸ顣ʵܼ򵥣̶ɣسǿʹ̫үҵ̫͡үһͽ˵ĳţʹӺ׺ʹͱܺɫԸϵŮֶŵĵϷҶŭԡ̶Ҳ죬ָպúһƣܼһСŮֶŵŮ̶ž⣬һʯͷӺͻԣԽ
̶ɱԹɱдն̡Ѿᡣǣ̶ɵĴ״˵ԩɱԼҲˣ˵ѾʮˣಡݶԸȻһӣǸѾּ֮ǰȫ̫үҵʹӵĶ̶ɹҪӱˣҲû˸ˡֻҪ̣̣ҲɸŶȥһĸӿΪ


146 ϷҪ
̸̵ֻΪԼգĺԩɵȻǲܵõŵ֧֣˼ҺִţҲ֪Ǵ˵үĵǰſͷ״ӡҲ״ӣ˵Ӵûʲô⣬Ҳûʲôɲдӵ̡
Ȼй涨ﷸ̣Ǽֱϵаʮ˻ش󼲲ֱϵҪͬûжʮһϵʮ֮ڵ׿Խ̲ʵþǷд̡˻һӣȻӲԸ⹩ˣⲻڹ涨̵Բġ
֮ΪӲԩ̫̫ߡ̫Ųߣʯ¿ͷ顣ջǱжˣ״ӣ˵취ԸȻ񽻸Ҷ
ҶһֱĥӸô졣
ҪִᣬְڱԹģڵϷŮ̶ɵΪһΪ˼ԣֲҪ̵ִдǣйĶйŴû̷ʽġңɸ̷϶Ǿ̣ҲǾһޣ̳⣩ɹ涨ǡԵòƣʮһʮһƥһȣƥͽһ꣬ƥһȣʮƥǾڣ̷ִ涨ĵһ̷ȣϴĴͽ̡ۻ߹ƣߵ޴ģʮͽ̣ر޴ģʮͽ̻ͽ̣ûղƲΪ̷涨ľԺԵĲͬŴٴ̵ɲȨǳС
ɹ涨ĹɱˣҪָûԤıʱɱˣաɡĹ涨ɱߣնҲǹɱ˵ģһɴն̷ִ̡涨ɱ˵ǡ̡ͽ̺ʮͽ̡Էǳ󣬷ٿԸݰУɵĹ涨پûпѡء
ڱڵһ̶ϵԣǲǵġɡ涨Խǳխֻһҹ޹ʴ˼ҵģ˵ʱɱߣۡڶ˫ŹֱߣȡߣҲ˵ֻǼᴦûģһŹ״̬游ĸĸŹæģߣۣߣȣߣɡ֮⣬
ҲڿķΧʴˣûа취ԶԷڴϷŮΪɶᴦģɸ̷ִĲ֮ҲҶеӼֵĵط
Ҷһ·һֱĥ飬ڣûһ˼·ȥһ±棬
ΪӸոᣬûݸţ˵Ҫ¼ͷεš
ҶôΣ԰̶ɽ
̶ɷǹɱǣӣȴ׺ݶӣһֲƵĸо˲һһʯͷǣܶ˲ò˼ڡ
̶ɶйϲ䣬ͬʱҲǸѹϷŮĿʹӵ֤֤ӱûʲô⡣Ҷ͸ҳɱ˵ʱ뵽粻ô죿
̶ɴͷᣬʵʱֻߣҲûô࡭Ҳãûչ˺
Ҳʮôûгף
̶̾һЩūͣ˶ʹŮܳɼ֮⣬ôǮȢޣôȢޡ
˶ǲ𣿡
аɡ̶˵Щµġ
ȻУ㶼һˣôǳɸңϵŮӦҲٰɣһԲ𣿡
үѾȥˣүæ⣬Ҳûչ˼ǵġ
Ҷʵүȥˣʲôʱ飿
ɱ죬ү˵Ұүġ
үǲǱأ
ôܣ̶̧ͷүһ˺ܺãҲܺã˵ڿ죬ϸɻԺ˭ϱ˭иءһֱزڴˣ˵ˣֻڰˣҲǼ顣֮Դ۸ˣ۸ϵŮҺ֮⣬ΪүϷŮүѾ첻ˡ̫̫˵ͣʯͷ
Ķūүôã
үΪʺ񣬶Щ˶ܺãᴦ̫ġֻѵ䣬ѾǺصĴˡ
ҶֻصǰĻ⣺û˹ܣΪ˸һſڹſͷѾʮˣ˵ʮϡҪǱˣϣֻҲҪ¿Ǻ
̶ɹڵϣޡ
Ҷ̾˿ȥ磬ܲȰչ
̶ɿŵȥˣǰչĸŰĸףΪĸ浽ţҲ׽ȥ˰ӣ˸ӼǺĸ׸ŲĸҲ͵ûӣöˣûмһ档˴չȴ˵Һ޹ء
ˣǶ棡ſ
ǾٰץȥǾ͸ûչˡ
ҶҲǣʱЩйĲТһҪúóΣӴ֮󣬻ͷʣ
ڿչİ취ãֻ͡ǵ취
뿪ΣҶҹȥ̫үϲһ¡ΪĹʱֻһ죬극ҪȥһվҪӣֻܽҹѲó㡣Ͽ֮󣬱󰸡
¼ɵͬģҶ˾Ĺϵ¤صѾ֪Կİͽᣬͬ飬Ϊչ涨عԱһɲ׼룬Ա˲ͷͬеص
һ̫үҡ̫үѾ̶ɴĵϣȥˡڵļҳĶӣҲү
үģƳĵλͺܵͣپ͸Ǻ£ֽŶ޴ɷˡҶ˵⣬žŭ̶ɿʵ벻ȴǸūΪȻ̫ү鴹Σ֮ʱȻףū̫ͣүϳͲ
үҶϣģҲҲʲôӵİ취뿪תѯ̫үӡλ̫̫ûдɥ֮ʹָ˵飬̲סǿ


147 
Ҷ˵˵ʱű˵죬үѾ첻ˣѾòˣʱ򣬾ڴĴһŮܴԸ꣬ǴСүģүҲȽϿݣʹӵ飬үҲ˵Ҳ˵ֻ˵ҪģǾûиĵӡҺѾȥҪˣȻŮʱЦŮҲҴĿޡԺܲãүѾϱǳģŹġ
Ҷ廰ѾȢϱˣ
ǣүԭȵѾߴ˶ˡ
ҶѾ֪ǹŴ˼ҵͨԼѾ곤͸ԼϵŮԳɼңºӣԼҵʹӣ൱ѵū͡ҲʹЩūĴм¸ġ
˵
˵ˣ̫̫֮ЩãȻ
˵ϷŮѾȥ˵ˡ
ԶԣͣǼŪŮֽֿеġʵȥͳȥ˵ȴ˵ŮѵҪȻԺүˣǻᷴġûа취ͻˡ̫үԺôˣҲҸʵ˵ûû¡˵˵ɱˣ˼һҲŻˣǾܳȥ㿴ſڵϣԿȫѪֽŻڳ鴤̶һʯͷվĴŻˣæô£Ƕ˵̶ʯͷˡҾ̶ɡʯͷڵϣ˵챨ٰɡ
Ҷæʣ˵Ҫ٣
ǵġ
̷ִԣҪףصӦλͶȴץΪֻһֺõ̬ȣ϶ΪͶʴΪ̷ִ״̬£Ҳ϶ףӶõᴦ׵Ĺ涨ϸö࣬ɹ涨ɱﱾǲ׵ģҲ˵ɱҲܴᴦȻΪеµĹɱˣٹʵʩ˹ɱˣԶԵﰴ账ǶԹɱԾҪ
ԣ̶ɵΪƳִܵõᴦҲͲܴ취
Ҷ˵̶˵Ҫ֮ôˣ
̫̫Ҷʱ̫үӵʱ򻹳ִܴ˵飬ʹӸϽȥ١ʱ̫үˣһ浽ôˣҶͰ˵ˣ̫ү̾˵̶ɽнȥǾͰнˡ̶ɽ͹ڵϣ̫ү˲ԼŴض̶˵̣˭
Ҷ̫ү̶֪ڹ
ǣ̫үǸǳʺˣ˵˽⡣̶ָܶ꣬Ȼ֪ġ̶Ϊ˺ҺТģ̫үء
Ҷһæ̫үТģ
ǰ̫ү˵ТΪȡ֪飬οأһ˶ԸĸТǾͲˣ
Ҷ룬þʣ̫үǲϣ̶ɸĸأ
Ҷ仰ʵúмɣû̫үǲϣҪд̶̣ԱΪĸգҪʣ漰Ƿд̵⣬ΪĶȷҪд̵ģ̫̫žǱȽûˣҪʣܻ˼ɶӵ̬ȶͬӵĹ۵㣬Ǿ鷳ˡҶֻ̫үǷϣ̶ɸĸգͱܿ⡣
̫̫Ȼ֪Ҷµ׻Ҫ仰̶ɰġ˳ڵ̫үȻϣܸĸˡ
Ҷдϲϰ仰¼Ǳʱдǣ̫үӵĻ䣬̫֮үϣ̶ܸĸա
仰ҶоһЩϣˡֽʣǺأ
ŵ˾ˣ̶ץˡ
̫үû˵ʲô𣿡
˵̫̫ţˣ̫үСӸһš
С˭
̫үСˡ
ŵأ
Ҳ֪̫үԼдģֻд˼֣Ƕûп֮ǰ̫үһֱڽ顣Ӧⷽɡ
ʲôࣿ
ҵظǼҵһŵģ棬棬ҪˮҲͰˣˮʱ򣬽ˣҰԵõˮˣֻҵˮǼҵľһˮò꿴үͰǼҸ浽ˡŵҵ⡣ǵҪҹһˮǹһˮŹƽҲԸ⡣˵棬ȻҪȹ࣬ǹ죬Ÿǹһ졣˰죬ǲò˵Ǿǹ죬ǹ졣̫ү˵Ҫ롣Ͳˡȥ죬˵飬˵ףһͳһˣͬҵ顣ΪҪҵ⣬̫үǷſܾдݰɡ
ԭǸˮϵľףҶʣǶûпŵ𣿡
ûУүд֮ŷˣСӰŸȥ˼죬̫үɥ¶ˣǱ߻ûǸӵϢҾ֣ͰСӽûССŹ˵պӣžéȥˣû뵽µʱŵéʱ֪ſҪųŷŲˣϽһ·һȥҵéӲŷǷéѾʺˡ𷣣˵ûа취ֻȥ˵ͬҵĽ飬Űӽˡ
Ҷת˼£ʣ̶ɴǼ鷢֮дģ𣿡
ǰǵϵ飬ʱ̫үǿ˺ҹһӲ˵ܶʱȥˡ
Ҷ˱¼ǽĻдģд֮仰ͱˣ̫үӵĻ䣬̫֮үϣ̶ܸĸգдһţС͸š¸պ󣬲֪ʱСӰéˡ
ļ¼ʹֻܿͬˮϵżҪ̶ܸĸյż
ΪŲûмݣƶΪ̶żȴҲû취ƾʵݵķ
ӣܻܿɴ
ҶһģǾ߼᲻Ϊж״ԣ֮ǡ
Ҷ̫̫֮ɥôģ
ǼҵūͣɥȻǸǮð졣⣬ʮǮ
ʮǿɾ൱ԪˡҲˡҶҪ̽һ¼뷨иס
ҶҪ̫̫֮æӦˣҪͬҶã̫̫һԣȻЩ˵̫̫ѾҶȥޡ


148 ͢޵
һޣҶ㿩һ£⸾˴ʮ꣬ͷѾЩˣƤģ۾תƾоҶ;⸾˲öԸ˿̣ӣոճ극ʰѾ˵ˣһѱһүҪΪɱǧ̶ɣʯͷ˸ˣ춼˰үڣһǮûҰһСôҿķɱǧ̶ɰ
⸾һ߿һţ͵͵šСӵĸ첲£СҲ۴һʱ䣬ҳһš
Ҷüͷ壬Ҫ⸾ռɾͲðˣʲôޣү鰸ģ㺿ɥģҲʲôöүΣȴΪһСʹŮϷ̫̫Ҳ˵Ĳūͣ˵ʲô
Ҷһͨĺǳ⣬áŴɲִһάΪأµľϷַãŴȴһףµһʵ´ϸĻƶȸ㵽ȥϷַáٱλ˼ҲðնԹٸ˵֣ηǰյͨҶһǳ⣬ͲٿˡԼʲôɫʵ˭
Ҷ£үǶӵĿ˵գһ˵һӵѾ߰ѱīֽںá
۾תţ˵ɱ˳ǷծǮûб˵ģ̶ɱˣҾҪ쾭飡Ҫʹͨ·ңҾʹһСǸ״ȥ
ƳѾھǻʹ˵ŹģרŸЩԩİֱʵ۸״õġǣֻܶһʵۿûʱһϰ߶߶˵һЩţ顣ŹȻˣϰȴܱȥôôԩǵõȥ˵ˣ޵ν״ҲưˡҶȴβܣҪȻ⸾˵浽ȥҸ棬̶ɵסˣҲβֻͣ»һԼµӡԵðˡ
Ҷɱ˳ǷծǮ쾭飬ûд̶̣ҲǻʶƵĽܵǸ״Ҳûã
޼쳹ӣɱˣ̣ҲôУ˭ҪôôУҾ͵ſһͷײһ䣬ŲɷԩҾȥȥ״ȥɱǧ̶ɵĻ깴ߣҿķ
ֿ޵ϡﻩģǾǸɴײꡣ
Ҷصİһģվŭʲô
һɺȻֹЩµҶ
ҶŭҾ㣬˵ֹ͢ҪȥѵôӵȲǶ쳯ﵱϣ
Ҷñһۣŵ޶һˣͷûаүû˼
Ҷصغһҿɸ㣬ȻˣǰɶڣŹʹӣһһϷŮɶ֤˺˵ȵȣЩʮ˸ģһҪңҪ
ʵ̷һǲƣЩ£Ҫ׷ɣҲһٰӵ飬ϲȥҪ˵ɶˡﶮι涨ģһŵĹٲô˵ˣﻹлɣһϺһһģŵǡ顭ҡûйϵү
Ҷɫɷ̶ۣɱҲΪɷЩУǹģȻҪЩһŮȻ
⸾ҲŸŮ˰ԵģɵĹ涨ʹӵͬҲ͸һġλΪ£ֱ΢λͲг͢ҶץסʹţȷҲץסߡʱŵɫ԰ףſͷѡ
ҶǺˣŰѿһЩɥ֮ʹ˵ûм㣬ٲʱƽϡ˵飬ҪôУǳ͢飬ǻʵ۵飬ֲ˵ģûУ
ˡŵŵش
Ҷʹòˣӵܲˣ΢΢¶һЩЦݣҲ׺ͻˣʵ̶Ҳǳڣɷ򣬱үѶʱſ޿ĸӱʾڡԸ⳥ĸǮͲ֪ҪҪ
ʵ̶ûô˵ҲûǮҶ֪ܶϷû׾ΪǮԲóһЩǮǸ鲻ƽġҪûأҶȻôʲôӾʲôӡڣԽģҪ龡ãҪãֻԼˡ˵Ǯ£ֻҪˣĺô֪ҪǮٱҶ֮ǰͰѼǮ඼ˣΪ˰¡ڷ̹ϾҪһʯɽϾͿԻɻͭǮˡ
һǮãʱϲæ˵Ըܡ
Ҷ磬㵽ңҰǮ㡣øдһ֤֤ӳ̶͢ɵоԩ˵ɲɣ
޲С۾תҶƺ̽Ҷĵơ
ҶЦɱ⣬Ǯֺԩղﳯ͢޵Щ治ƨҿɶˣһ죬ǿҪһʵģ
һϽЦ񸾲ңԸӳ͢ĲУܳ͢ôУ񸾶ԩǡ
Ǻãд֤㻭Ѻ
úã
Ҷдһݱ֤飬û滭ѺҲ˵ҶϷ˵ѾˣҲ滭Ѻˡ
ҶŸǳŵĲ˻ص¼һľ¤õľ¥
ѾˣΪʱֻ࣬ҪѰӰˣʱҶ֮˻㱨
ӵѾת㡿˵;ûа취ʵ֮ͨһЩֶȥˣ񽻸ҶҰ㡡֪ҶһоͰӡ
Ҷһ¼㡵̫үū̶ɱͬūȥŸ½˵飬̫үǰϣŲҪд̶̣ңдһŸţϧżŵʹéˣ̫үȥ֪֮


149 ˽ͨ
۾һȻ˵Ͼͨɣܵ߶ӷƶĻʵ۵ܵεӰ죬ҲʱжɡԶɻһ˽ġ
֪һ涨ͬūɱߣһȡҲ˵˵ūɱԼ˵һūͣҪū͵̣Լһȡ
ɹ涨ΩͬΪһ˼ǣ̵̺ļȣֵļȣڲȼĽ͡Ҳ˵̱ȡն̡̡͡ūӦдն̡һȣǾͲǼΪֱ̣ӼΪǧֵļ̡
ˣֻҪ֤֤ʱ̶ɵҪžӦüᴦ̣Ҳʵ̶ɵĸҪСȥһԸɵĹ涨Ըд̵ȥŵģ׼Ǩ̫̫Ҫ㡣
ڹؼ֤ݣ㡻̶ɵҪҪдɱ˵̶̣֤ݳ𣿡
֤ݶүĿ
Ҷ֤Զݸ㡡㡿ˣͷܺã߼ʲô˵𣿡
Ѿȷʾŵд㲻д̣Ҳԩд˱֤飬档
¶΢Ц֪Ҫһ㣬ҪһЩŬ۵ģúܲдʣ˰ǡ
ϡ
󰸣Ѿ¼İаյеģѾʱҪһʱʰС
Ҷа̶ɱͬūͰҲС̶ɵĸǰѾõϢ˵¼飬ѾϻˣҲغڴ֮⡣ľ֮£ж̶ǧʱ̶ɵĸϲΡΡڴ̨£ͷߵлү̶벻Ҳǿ޵øϡﻩģѺʱĸס޳һš
ʱӴźˣҶԼͭǮװһСӣѾ֪оֵһǮǰ˲ԩı֤Ȼû˵ʲô
ᣬҶдеĽ飬¤ԾܾĸĴ̴ɾвָ̣һļҲΪ˵ķýĸ
ү¤аӣܿͰ̴ץɵĹ涨ĸڣ𼮡ƣͽꡱĹ涨ԲТдͽ꣬һҲƷָĸΪѡ
̴ɲźڣϿ˵ͬĸҪͽ̷Ҳƣûǡ

ص¼֮һ˽ڵĽؿչ¼
õѾȵõ֪ͨŴСӭȻչ涨ͬչ¼򶼲ࡣ
أҶһİҪӴִ˵۹ֱǴ۾ġһͨ鰸˫ȻǷޣ
鷢ϷԣŮڳ֮ǰԭذ׺ŮᣬͨݡףͬһӳףѾ˶ŮˡһγԾˣ˵˵ôϵʱŮӵġСͺϲŮͨݣͨݳ֮ģҲģһȥ¶ԼԳʼͨݲʱ䳤ˣͨݱж˽ͨˡ׼޸
ͨݵɷ˵£û뵽˸гԹһǴȥŸ淢ˡűͨݺɷ˶ץѶ˶ˡΪδ˽ͨ˽ͨʱͨݻǸˣɵĹ涨˷ͨҪһ˷ͨӶȡʹǳڳڼ䷸ͨģ֮ŰȻҪ˵ݴҲø뺵ǣдͨݵɷͽһ룬شдͨͽ룡
ڳ˵ȦʹˣٳµķɶϴʫʱⷽҲǶ£Ͱ鵱Ц˵ˡǳ˵˲ˣ㴦̫ˣӦôشҪŮһ̣ŵǧ֮ȥеģоûдѴشŮͨݵ齻ҶҶ취ʵԼ뷨
Ҷһֱܿ顣ڹŴУδͨһַҶִ˵Уֻһ̬ȣ²ⶼ̸ϡʹŮǳˣҲѡҸȨȻûסƹŷ˽ͨ˵䳾Եδˣ׼ҲˡʵҲġȻӦܵҶ಻ڵϵǴ𣬻ϲ̷棬ڼȻѾдͽ룬ѾˣҪص̣ʹһӣǾ̫ˡ
ֲܲ죬ֲԸⰴ졣ȥֻһ취Ǿ飬ǰŮͨݻû̵УУǾͰշֵﴦҲͿʵҪˡ
һŮᣬλʵʩд̷أҶԴ˲ֹۣҲǾ£첻Ҳûа취Ͼԭвûʲô
ҶΣŮͨݡ
ͨݻ֪ǰλ˧磬ҲҪġֺõЦ
Ҷͨ飬ͨʵشˡддһûʲô롣Ҷʣ㻹ʲôĻûУҪУ˵̹״ӿܴϣġȿȣǴһߡȿȣһĹأҪʵʵ̹ˣǻᴦҪܲɻأǲҪشд𣿡
ˡͨݱҶһ̫ĻŵЩӷ
ȻˣǾͺã㽻ɣ㻹ʲôУ
ûаͨɵҶûбҶ˰
ҶȻָԼһͽʵʲôʱҵģң
ҶЩֻͨòûʲô֡
ͨȻ֪⣬ʵʵ˻ش𣺡ڱذ׺ֳҡʮʱ򡣡
Щʲôˣ֪֪ûʲôΥ飿Ҷ˵Уûийصġ
ָͨͷһ飬һİ˶˵ˡ˵Ľö棬ʲô£˵һ֮һŮͨƵģͲʲôö˲ã׹ùøɱˣҿѾףҪأ
ŶɱùãΪʲô
˵Ҳʲô£õӿ׹ùá͹ȥԼ
ҶûȤȥЩ£Լ鶼æءȻͨݻ֮ŵǾ͸ϹϵҲʡҶ⣬һЩ顣ǿóͨǸʵͽĴ帾ûʲôļƣҶʲôͻشʲôش飬ûһΥġ


150 ɱð
װ˷˽һʱҶʲôûʵʵҲѾԤϵ顣ȻԼѾӦ飬ҲˡǣҶ뿪Ůң棬һͬμ¼һİҪѯʣһңһȴҡ
ΪʱţҶæҵǸλǴӱݳģҶҲƴǣӦˡѾдõѯҡ
д̵࣬ЩηǿŵġߣڿһһȻǸͷصļͣϴɮۣȴǸˡɵϸ˿üĿ㣬ȣȻǸŮᡣ
һӱ뵽˸ղͨ˵Ǹɱ˷ѵ
Ҷע⿴˼ۡŮͷʪʯǽϣƺѾ˯Ƶġ
ңûмģղŵǸͨ˵Ǹɱ˷Ůᡣ
Ҷһ£¼ȡԩʱŮᲢûкԩҲûκηӦѾˡ
ڵҪѯʵǸ껰Ҷߣ־Ůңͣϸ˿ΪŮӺܵСӣʵڲһõ˵ɱ˷
ҶһᣬЩΣе̨ײײդŮ۾Ҷ
Ҷʵʲô֣
Ůֱӣͷͨơ
Ϊʲôץģ
ɱˡ
ɱ˭
ͨͣ˺һᣬżѵ³˼֣ҹùá
ΪʲôҪɱ
죬һ֮¾ɱˡ
ʲôɱģ
ӡ
ģ
ϴŷĽ䵶Ѿսˡ
ɱù𣿡Ҷʳɻ
Ůԥͷɱġ
ҶЩйʵҲʣƽͣģң˭ҲоȻһġ
ҶûʣתˣѲϽλ֮󣬱㷵ס
Ϊİӣû⽻Ӹİûмȥϣһ
գʰΪûҶİӣҲͲȥáһʱҲͿˣЩ¡ɫ磬㻻˱װŲسй䡣
ҹ֮£Ȼ䵽سΨһһ׺֡󣬲ͦģͽ󲻾
ҶˣŮͨݺͨеĵط£Ųȥ
й䣬ȻŮʲô˹ȥ䣬ǣͨƿ϶ɱùõģùһִģĸһôɱأһ˵ǰ˵֪ùñɱʱĵûȥءְ̣ﲻ֪жء
Ҷһ߹ȥŮᣬǶӺΪһԩ˵ͨһָģָȻǷǳһ²ᶯɱˣرǶһ˶ԣֿܸСߣͨùñϢȥװģ֤˵ĸǳôɱ׹ùأ
ѵӵԩ飿
Ҷ룬ûб飬ȥѾڵ
ǣҶתصţҵڹ鵵ӵľڡ¼ԱаеĸȨԺ˳İѾڵˡд֮󣬻ûϱݸšӵ¼֪ͨ͵¼֮ϱȫڶá
ҶţȰѿڹˡͻȻһԭӵߣҲǰͨƵ׹ùãȻݳֵ֣Ǹ֣Ƕݳ￪Լȥҹǡ
һȤøϸˡģͨذ׺ֳңĹùֵ֣ȥֿùãס˼졣ߵʱùʦ̫һֱ͵⣬Ϊǰľ·ִͨưγ䵶˹ùãʬڲݴȻӻ˰ء
Ϊùʦ̫ǵ飬ܶ˶֪ʱͨзõĽ䵶һߵˣǱ㻳ɵšụ̂ɱ˹ùã˵˾ҵɱ˵䵶ǽ䵶ϲûѪۣѯ֮ͨ˵ԼˮϴûѪǶ
Ҷ¿˼ʬʬ񡣿ʬôط̫ԾĿʬصʬʱϡɵһʬʱͨƿڹ˵ɱ˵ʱĴ磡ͨ˵ɱʱǰһյϣ˵ʬʱӦ߱ʮСʱ֮󡣿ʬصʬܻʬû˺ۺͰߺۣ
ˣ˵֮Сʱұʬʬߣʦ̫ʬ壬ȴʮСʱûг֣㶼ܻƳʬʬʱʬ԰ߺۣҪڰģȻûмأ˵ʱʬ岢ûгʬߣ
ҶרҵҽʬʬЩʬûоǱʱѧҽѧ֪һЩƤëЩǷҽĻ֪ʶӦǲġʱϴڵشìܣһµľ
ǴݵذѰˣں֤ֵŮ֤˵ʦ̫ͨ뿪ʱͨ˵뿪ʱһµġ
ǻ᲻ͨʵǵڶɱĹùʦ̫أ
Ҷкʵ
ٴ˰׺֣һΣǴŵۣصĲͬ¹¹ȥġ
׺ֵԽӴǡҶʵǣͨʲôʱص׺ֵģ
λ룬˵ʱеˣҼǲ̫ˣҲһεļ¼֪ˡ
ÿΡζҪ¼ģ൱ڵĴڡܿ죬¼ˣַָ֮еһҳҶҶ˼¼ʱ䣬Ƕʬмͬһ죡
ʬĵطݳʮĻ¡ص··Ҫһ죡ȻٶҪһЩҶַһ¼¼ֵμ¼ҲͨƵ֣Ҳ˵ͨǲμ˵оģмһʱϢʱ䣬ʱʬʱ䡣Ϊʬ廹ûгʬʬߣ˵߱ɱʱӦʬǰСʱ֮ڣҲ˵߱ɱʱ䣬ٽʱ򡣶ʱ򣬸о¼ļأͨڰ׺û뿪
̶̵һСʱʱٿҲܴصݳһصġ
˵ͨʵûʱ䣿
ô
ǲԼгʲô⣿


151 ԩ
ʬǲƭ˵ģ˵Ҳ٣ΪҶ֪Ƴʬ壬ϵ룬Ա߻иξලֵù뿪ʱ֤ʣͨƵĿڹǺϵģ֤ȷʬͷһ뿪ġ
ìڣͨ˵һɱ˹ùãǵڶʬͲûгʬʬߣǵڶǰŶɱ˵ģͨڽأ밸ֳݳ֮ľ룬ٿ϶
᲻Ǽ¼⣿
ҶϰѸ¼ŮʣֲŮᣬȡ˵õʳ͵Ǽǣ֤ͨƵȷûгȥ
Ҷַţ˵ʱμӿǺ˵ʱ֤ʬȷûгʬߺʬ
ͨƲ֣ûʱ䣡
ΪʲôҪɱ˹ùأ
Ϊ׷׷˭ΪʲôҪֶ
𰸣ֻһ֪ǾͨŮԼ
ǣҶΪӾǰԼˣ˵ʵ顣ΪаڹҪǲܵġԼҲûʲôƳϿɵ֤ݣΪʲôʱʬʬߣִҽѧ֪ڹŴ˻գԼ֤Ƴȴû˵ˣֻ취ͨҵ࣬ҳ֣Ӳյõ
ֱʲġҶù߳һУǾԵף
ǣҶ˴Σѵеһߣֹһᣬͷк䣬Ůңʯɨʲôģͷµүϧǵļ࣬˵̫̫Ҫɨһ¡ʱתƵңһԹԵģ˵Ҷ
˵գŮ˳ŮſֱȥתƵȥˡǸΪ˽ͨͽ̵ŮͨҲ˳ȴתƵͨƵ
ͨƺѾʧȥȤ˱תƽҲ̧ͷһֻۣǿǽϣ˫Ҳ˵
ͨȻ˵ͨɱ˵飬ȴ֪ǰλλͨơΪ׵ʱǺü֮ǰʱͨƻûڰ׺ֳң໥ʶ
ͨͨƺüۣģǼһӣҲûȤˡ㿿ǽ
һᣬŻ죬˼ˣһǰԼǸ
ͨݼһûɵĽ
ȻҶһҪȥϢͼҶɫָŭ޳ܵᣡ˽ͨˣܻʥأݣǳ㣬ãоǧ㻹кλ˵
⻰ͨ˶ˣɵɵҶΣһץסդ޺ɣ˰ǲѾǺӶˣ˵ѾˣΪʲôҪǧҪǧҵĺô죿һӶزˣҵĺӺɷˣҼﻹأ㣡ˣѾ֪˰ء
ͨѾ˵ĻֻûȤ˵飬ɱ۾ͨһƨڵϣޣһ߿޻һĿźԩ
ͨݵܴұͺխС˶䶼ҪˡͨȻѾʧȥȤǣǾܲסĥü۾ͨһۣˣҪˣʲô˵ġ
ͨȴһҵ˷йĶƵģ˹˻ţ˵ʲô㣬㵱ȻνǧأһӿɾȫˣҪǧ֮۹һҵɷ򣬼ҵĺӣҡԩ
˵ţת˵դϣץסդ˻ţүԩǸɷ˽ͨǳˣһ꣬ҲˣôҪ̰ԩԩ˰ԩ
ͨ˺ѷεĺţһһ飬ȴûһ˽޺ɤӶˡǷϵ˵ϡʵؿš
ֱʱͨƲһǳˣң
ͨѾҲһͷŮᣬʿ޵׺֡
Ŷͨ۾ϸһۣҲڰ׺ֳҵģôûм㣿
ͨҲһ̧ͷ˿ͨƣһ£㡭ͨʦã
ͨƣǡ
ͨȷǰ˾ȻǰҶǸɱԼ׹ùõŮᣬʱһ̲סӣźصļֽŶصԷģҡҽͨݣʱѾˣ׺Щˡ㲻֪ҡǰЩ˵İӣ֪㡣
Ŷ˵ͬһʦãֺͨ˿һЩʦ̫ʦõ飬ͨݻشûдȷȻԼǰʦ㣬ǸЦЦʦ㣬ԲҴżģûа취ʩ񡣡
òãʦòÿ˵˼֮ͨԼҪ̣ҲɷӣɵǱ˵դϣѾ޺ɳƵɤӼкţԩүԩ
ֱɤӶѾ˹Ѽɤˣû˴
ˣԺҲܼɷͺӣѾûлȥʼǷϵԱͷҵײդ˵ĺˡ
ͨ̾һʦ㣬ûбҪģֻһ̶ѣ̣ûء
ͨݶͷײˣһתͷ˻ƵɤӶغУɱˣȻҪ̣ңʲôֻǸɷ˽ͨɷ򰡣ҪǧԩԩҡĲˡ
ͨͷȥײǽ˵ġ
ͨƼ̾һԩôԩҪ֪ҵ£ľͲˣ
ͨţԩɱˣôԩġͻȻ뵽ʲôҲ˵ͨʵɱǸֵֹϵǳã׹ùãǰСģһܶ壬ҲһЩ˲׹ùɱˡѵ治ɱģ
ͨתͷͨƣ㡭ԩѵûɱˣ
ͨƴƬ̣Żͷ
ͨݳһΪʲôҪɱˣ
ͨ̾˿ҿԸ㣬㲻ܸ߱ˡ
úãҲ߱ˡ漴ͨȻҪ̣ŵʺĵطܸ˭ءҲôһ£뵽ĲͨɱˣȴҪɱ׹ùõԩɱԼ̫ˣһ뵽飬־ƽ˲٣Ϲеʵô°ûɱ׹ùãΪʲôҪϣ


152 
ͨؿǽϣ˰죬ƺڻ˵ͨѾײѪ۵Ķͷ˵ԼԩϣͨݵõοһЩ޿κε顣
˵ҸĸҺСʱȥˣҹùøġҹùóҵӰ죬ҺҲ˼ҡֵ֣±˵лûֳңǰڰ׺³˼ҡҾȥֿһΣˣȥ͵Ǹꡣǵ֮󣬹ùúæΪү¬㣬̾ù֣һֱšϣˣҺȥùãĹùӦ˯ʲô£Ծ͵͵ȥˣû뵽
˵ͨĲͨúᷢõ£淢飬϶һ顣ûв廰š
ΣͨƲŽ˵ȥҹù֣һСԺ䡣ԺŴˡùôҺܺãĸŮáǰһ𾭳Ц֮ùһֱæûôù˵ϻҲŪһ£ԺΧǽһûϵΧǽΧǽһξééֻΧǽһߣéϣپԺȥҾԺӡҴСùóģ֪ϰߣҪȥֲ֪ѿߵȴĿ˨ĴֽƿպÿֽȥѴ˨ε˩ϡԴѷϣȻӴȥٰѴϣϸǲ֪ģΪ˯ҵϰֽ߲Ĵǵ˴˨˴Ϊ䣬ַֹѩһᣬֻСʱһŪһ¹ùãѱıСʱϲ飬ǣҴ򿪴֮һӾ;ˡ
㿴ʲôˣ
ҿùõĵϣһ˫˵ѥӡһѡλεġ˵ġȡ
˵仰ͨƼҪˡ
ͨĿɿڴΣŽͰ͵㡭ùииˡ͵ˡ
ͨƲκαʾֻؿǽϣر˫ۣΣż˵ŻˣתܵԺſڣԺ˳ȥһֱܻҵסΪſʼ඼û𴲣ҲûʲôˣҲû˿ҡܻҡҲ֪ôźá˰죬ʰ˰һλСʦڴɨԺӣҾ͸˵һȥˣҹù˵һȻҾˡҸճŲԶùþ׷ˣΪʲôôżҪߣҶס죬ûдӦ£ңҲ˵ûа취˵ҳǡһֱߵ⣬ɫãһֱôˣʲôˣû˵һ仰û˵ͳʮ֮˵ҪȥˣҪоҪšԼ·ҪСġһ˻صسǡ죬Ҿ˵ҹùñɱˡݳ⡣Ӧҳ֮ɱġŵȴɱҹùãץұˡ
ͨݵɴ۾вɵģȴҪϣⲻǰ𡭡˵ͨͨƣ㡭֪˭֣
ͨҡҡͷ
ΪʲôҪֶ
ͨȻ˫ĿȻ֪˭ǣһԤУɱùõģӦǹùǸˣٸҿйأһץˣһ˵ҹùõġùðҴС󣬱ĸһôܵأ
ͨȻСãȻΪ˱ȫԼùõԸԼԼɵĹùõļץסϳùõ˽ͨӶ˹ùõΪһ㣬ȻϧԼһ
ͨݾ֮࣬ԴЩת䣬룬Ҫˣɱùõ֣ùôϵǸˣô죿
ͨҡҡͷġҹùǳˣûʲôˡûʲôҲƣһССûжˮҲΪְλɱһԣȥֻɱˡȻɱֻҪ¶ҹùõҪ⵽ۡҡҲ鷢ȥҲҪùñ˳ЦҰ㣬ֻ֪иԩĺáϵҹùõζй¶ȥ𣿡
ãͨижһʱ֪˵ʲôã룬׻ǵʦã̫ίԼˣ
޷ֻҪάҹùõֺη
˵飬ͨƷ·Ҫһ㣬ǽϣ˵ˡ
֪ͨͨƵԩԭȵĿĹȻ˺ܶ࣬ôԩˣԼֻеһ㣬˵׻Լȷ˼ģ˼ҵԩȣԼ¼ֱֵһᡣ
ͨݾɥεء˺һᣬŵ죬˼䣬ͨݣ󣡡
֪ͨԼ̵ʱҪˣľû˿ƷġԣԼ
ͷɥһ෿һˣȴ¼ǸҲҶ
ҶİӣûУ
Ҫ֮ǰͨһϹ´ԩǰѾеԹʹ຦·йĲˣѾ侲ͨƵԩ֪ϱԩ˶ȥˣԼһοԼ⻹㲻ԩֻǴ̫һѡңӼȻүµҪشԼ鲻鶼ûõġԣֻͨǵͷ򵥵˵һ䣺ϣܿһСķϣҪҡ
˵Ļﵽ׻ˡȦҲʪˡ
ҶҲУı֣ҪүῼǲشܻῼǴĴȻҪ

ͨһ£û뵽⣬ҡûʲôİ
ҶѹֻҪѸղͨƸ˵ˣ
ԭνĴɨƣֻһڣԱͨתƵͨݵҡҶ˵үҪͨд̣ĿľеԩӶԩͨƵĸпֶһʦãҶûаĿĸͨݣıҲͷǳʵӶͨƵͬ飬Լԩʵ
Ϊ˱ͨκξ裬ΪҶûаκζĿڰ͵ֻεĴͨ۲촰עǵĶ۲촰ǵҺԶֻܿ˵Ķй۲һ˵֮Ҷϣ˵ľԼ֪顣ǹ˵ˣͨݣͨݵķӦҶһָоǾͨӦѾ֪һЩ顣
ǣͨԥһ£ǵͷ


153 ⷢ
ҶܲµΪʲô˵϶Ƕͨŵܾŵˣǣ˵֪顣Ҫʵһ㣬ͱĹǡҶʵ㲻˵Ҳ֪ɱùõˣһֵʦãȻ֪ǱԩģȴҪѵİ𣿡
ҡͨ˵һִ֣סˡ
ҶֽŵҲ֪֮Ҫ˶϶ѵĿԡǣʲôĿԣԼȥ飬װԼһСҲң⣡ù֮ò
ǲù֮õġ
Ŷ˼ǣҪˣù֮鲻ܰ
ͨû˵һĬϡ
Ҷͷô˵ӵ֣ùҪˣ
̧ͨͷҶһֹۣѾҶǴġҶĺ壬룬ֵҪȻӺʲôùò֪ܣ
ͨһĬϡ
ҶͷʵҲƵԭԣûñ˲μӣһˣǲñ֪ģңҾԲñ֪ҿ㱣֤⣬漰ʲôܣһҲùõ˽й¶ȥҲͲӰùõǾ֣ΪùñˣͬʱҲܱ֤ܵӰ졣ӦÿԷ˰ɣ˵飬ʦͨƵһΪĹùñˣ㣬Եõᴦһãҿ˸񵣱ùõúҵĽ顣
ͨҧ촽û˵ǿóѾЩĶˡ
Ҷټһѻ΢ЦþûмĺѾ˰ǽˣĸӼ棬Σ
ͨݾϲӣ͵վģлллл磡
Ҷ΢Цߵ⣬ԸͨݵĺӴҶǰŵ顣
Ӻܿˣĸףһ˽ĸ׵Ļ
ͨϲӲͣᡣӻС֪ĸΪʲôޣҲſޣһ߿޻һ߸ĸĨᡣ
Ҷ˵һỰ̫֮ʱ䣬ѺӶ˳ȥɵͨݡ
ҶôԸҺĻ֮ͿԸĺԲˡ
ͨݸԼĺӵļ棬ڰķ߻ˣңҶ˵е˵࣬ǰԼҲܰʦͨƣһҶѾ֤˲й¶漰ܣԸҶ
ǣͨݵͷã˵ɱֵģͨơ֮ԳϣΪάùʦ̫Ϊʦ̫˽ͨ飬ţɱùõ֣йءһץ֣ùõͱùõûˡ
Ҷˣ뵽˾ȻΪô֪ùø˽ͨۿ𣿡
ǣȥùãΪ֪ùһֽԱԴֽȥε˨򿪴磬ñֱùãİѴˣùùʵǰһ˫˵ѥӣһѽλεȡ
λεȣҶͷһæһʲôȣôǽλεģ
Ҳ֪ô˵š
û˵Ϊʲôǽλε𣿡
ͨҡҡͷ
Ҷ룬˵
ǣͨݱͨƸ龭˵һߣΪǸող˵ģԼǵú׼ȷ
ҶĬãͨݵĻɺеֺܾܿǸϵˣɳˡҵܶԱȷǸ˾˭
ͨݵֻͨǿ˵ϵ˵ѥӺȣʲôûпڵŵģ֪˭ô飿
ϻȥҪ˵Ѿˡúûһ£ǰΪʲôǽλεģУϵʲôݣǻ滭鷨ܹؼǿԴΪϵ˭Ӷף
ãϻȥ
ͨݱ˻ȥûãͷԼõѾʵźţҶˡ
ͨݵѾ̽ˣѥ˵ѥӣܾ¹أӦǼ۸񲻷ƵģûرעװΡΪʲôǽλεģҲ֪Ϳ˽ֻۣ߸ǻƽġϵ棬һͼԧϷˮͼ
Ҷ־ϲԼͷĲһѽɫͿ˽۵ģʫϻóԼʫӮ˹ƨɵֽһƨˣû˲ˣ֪յûС
Ҫ֤ݣҶʱļ٣뾡ҵȣ֯ϣȷǲĲġ
֤ģɸ¬мĸУĲͨƿѥӺͽɫȵһ죬¬㲢޼оӣˣͨĿ¾ͲһǸʦ̫ˣܿλ¬
ˮʦ̫˵ʱֽӴ¬㣬ܲóֻҪͬ˵пܸǣߴŵˣλˮʦ̫ˮʦ̫ץ֮Ҷ򹢳ʷ˵ˮʦ̫¬Ϥ飬˹ʷľˮʦ̫й¶ܣԼҹɱˮʦ̫ڣڸĲ¬ļ飡
ͨ˽ڣҶ۾һͨݵ˵ҵ˽ϣڻɣǸ͵˵ˣܿܲͨƵĹùֵ֣һ˵֤ݣǾʦ̫ķӦͨƲ˵ʦ̫ϳ𣿻ôˣΪʲôҪŻȥ룬һ鱻ײƵˣô𣿴һ㷴ƣͿȷﴲϸͨģĹùʦ̫
ͨһһƵƵͷ棬룬ùò֪Ѿļأ
㲻˵ͨƷ˵ϵ˵ѥӺ֮תˣǹشˣ
ǣ
űߴŵģùóţôûз֣ȻùõĲΪ֪ϰߣֻ֪ͨӦúܺòµͨƴ򿪵ĴȻ֪ͨƣΪʲôȴûκķӦ
ţǰͨݵͷ
ҶֵڴϵǸǲùãܺò飬ֻҪû֤ùڱĵطͿ֪ˡ㲻˵ͨƼ뿪ʱù׷ſ˵ʱѾˣ˵ʲô飬˿ġ
ԶԣٲүһҪͨƾԩ


154 ĲӬĽ
Ҷͷھ͸ϻݵ飡ȥηڿ԰ˣ˵ѾͨǸ˲ùãùþ׵ģɱ϶бԭҪùñ𣬾һҪúǵĵ飬úûϸڣҳĻףȥݵ֮󣬺ܿ᷵ϵشҪκ˵ŵ˻¼κˣ뵽ʲôһҪһ׿ڸҡס𣿡
õģסˣͨݵ
Ҷ룬ֵúã취ɷŻȥһھԲ
ͨݾϲӣ˵ģ
ͨݵνоǸͶϵˡͨ顱Ǹ˺ɷ򣬻˺ӣ˵Ƿⶼ̸ϡֻƳķɹ涨ǷҶҲûа취ڣ漰ǳעҶ¬˽һͨ˺ҪõĻҶţ˵ˡͨݵУȻһֽţγʵ֤ϵ©԰ˡ
ˣҶͷܿ϶˵һᾡġӦò󡣵ǰҪİҽãҵİš
ͨҶĻ˵òȥһúãһãİţлл㣡лл
ͨݲƺʮʩȻѾ׺ܶˣ˵ϰĳЩʱǲð˳
ҶͨͻؼΣصסݼ㡡
Ȼϵ㡵Ĳ¬ϣǣǸñӵİӣòҪ֪ҪȻܲˬܻһЩҪ鷳ֱ쵼£ĵİƲˡˣҶû˵İӣֻ˵һشչԼϻȥһˣص顣
֪ԼҶ˺ЩӣЩӺܶ൱֣;ܽģñİ취Ҳ⡣Ҳʲôӣʲô飬ΪҪˣ˵Ҷ¾ͻ˼ɣӶӰ참ӵĽֻǵͷӦȥ죬ֱ֮Ǿˡǻһȥ¼
ҶʹվĿݸϡƳʱվѾǳʮﻻһٶȷǳ죬ϱ㵽ݡ
ҶʹվʽأȨҹпŵġݳŴ򿪣Ȼ˼ҡ
÷ҹϻ־ϲæôʱˣ
Ҷ˲ϽͣһյԼȵĳĲǣ˲Ҳûҵǰѽɫȡ
군ˣһյˣ
ڹܣҶһ˿ϣѶŮе˲ʵûмһѽɫȣҷģ
ҶĿ㣬ãȻҡҡͷͷһϣ
룬ǲͿ˽۵Ͱ͵һѣ
Ҷϲһץס磺Զԣûյѣ
ûУֲûвˣʲô˵ˣȻԧ񣬺Ưġ

ҼԧÿҲ᲻գûȥÿԴӬéʱ򣬲Ӭĺܣˣһһ׼
ҶЦĲҪ֪ıɫȣԼѾéĲӬֻ»ѪˡϽ죡ȥȸ
ӬˣЩˡ
ܲܣȥ
ϽܻȥܿǰѽɫȡȱҶһƨͰ͵ģֱѥͲֱéʱӬãѾҲ̶ˡڻɶûд٣Ӧ޸
ҶϲصҪš÷æҪȥҶֻ˵ǽҪʣˡ
ÿ黭̵ţ˫ļǮõʦȽ˱Ҫ޸ȻȵԭòǲܸıģֻǰĲӬµۻӡ۶ϵȹǣ޲档
ʦһڻϻָԭȵò
Ҷϲؿ˿Ȼǰһˡֻһ޸õʱȽϾá޸ʱѾˡ
ҶһֱţûϢ¸˫Ǯ˾ŰѸɫԹã
ͨȥ
ʵû𴲣ɷ㡲ڣ˯֪Ҷ֪֮϶ԼİҪ㱨Ҳ˲㴫Ҷ
Ҷ⻹ǵһοȻѾʮˣΪúãȻûκηΣȴ޶ˣ۽һƶûС
Ҷȼ˵̶ɰӵĴ⡣
Ҷʼ㱨ͨƹɱ˰зֵĲ¬˽ͨ飬˵һ飬ҲԼ˵ˡ
գûʲôȣΪ¬Ĳ˽ѾԤϵˣֻǻû֤ݣڣҶѾؼ֤ҵˡ
Ƭ̣֯ȵıϡ֮ǰ˰Ĳһȷֵͨ˾ȣܾвĲ࣡ͬʱֵȡ֤һ¬ֵĶ򣡵ʵĲ˽ͨᣡӺ;вĲţҪ֯Ϻֵĵ顣Դܼˡرܣ
ҶӦ
ҶúܲȻûйҵ
ҶæΪ£Ϲᣬѣ
ţȥɣ
ҶǳȴŵĲ죬ֽе飬öˣһѯʡ
ûֱѯ¬ĶЩõĻɣͨòİ취¼ͨƹɱ˰Ϊչ飬ʦֶ̫Ůͨ뿪ǰһϵϣ˵ĻرǱֵʦ̫Ķ
֪¬ǰġż춼ֵʦ̫ɽˮʦ̫һֱͬ˶֪ʦ̫Ķ
ֵ൱ֵĸ֣ʦ̫ԼĶʱṩһǳҪ˵賿컹ûҶӲéŵƣʦ̫أҾͻȥˣ벻Ȼˣж𾭡
Ҷдϲȴɫʣô֪棿𣿡
ûм϶ΪǴѹǵĵطͬʱҲǴűĵ伮ĲǱֵĽأֻ˲н룬ŵԿҲֻ˲Сܿ϶档
˼𣿡
ģΪںԺ˲ġ


155 ԧͼ
ҶͷҲ˵ֻʦ̫һ˵֤֤ʦ̫ʱԼķһֻһƲ⡣֤ݵ֤ͱȽϵˣҪһ֤С
Ҷŵ飬ܿ죬һҪ֤ˣͨ׼뿪ʱתùõǸֵСáҶʵǷ֪ʦ̫Ķʱ˵ͷһʦ̫ҲΪǼʦ̫ͬ¬ЩǲܿġϣͨͻȻ˵Ҫȥת֣ҴӦˡ֮Ҽ鲻ԣϽȥ˵飬ֵԺߵʱִӺԺҾȥ˵ˡϾ׷˳ȥ
ҶĻȵȵȣ˵ʦ̫ǴӺԺԺǲǸԺ
ǰ־ǴӺԺġ
ҶѾֺüΣǽϸ飬԰ָתһ飬Էλֵ֪ô۱ǺԺԺרŴԲŵǵĵطͬʱĵ伮Ľءֵֺ׳֮⣬˲ܽ롣ҲֻԿסԺ߻Ժ䣬ߵʦ̫ģұߵʦ̫ġ⣬ʦ̫Ժǰ棬Ӵɮ˵Ϊ¬˲ӣԺרŰŸǾסеĹ׷ȻǸ¬סġСͨһסǵǰԺһࡣ
˵ԺĴŸʦ̫ԺĴһڱһߣλСؿʦ̫ʱǴĺԺųģ˵ͨѾ뿪Ϣ֮Ͼ׷ȥˡ˿֤ͨʦ̫Ժ￴˵ѥӺȵʱʦ̫ĴϣںԺǾ˵ͨˣʦ̫
ʦ̫ΪʲôԼԺأѵǰԺ¬Աܸ˽ͨԭȰŵ¬סԺʦ̫ԼԺҪǽҲܷġȻһҪֻץ¬ļ֮
Ҷֲˮʦ̫٣֪ˮʦֵ̫ˣֵĶҶɵʦ̫λΪ¬ϤԸ¬һס
֮Ҷվء
صʱѾҹˡȻͷһһҹû˯ҶúѾӵжֵǱ˫޹ԵʡҶûϢֱôͨơ
ͨѾҶ۸ͨơ
ǰͨһֱţԼжǶԵģǹù˽ͨˣɱùõ˺ܾܿˣǸ֪Լǵĳ£ǲ֪˭ʹùáùΪ˱Լű˺ˡΪ˱ùõ˽ԼɱùõԼ
ǣͨʦĻ֮ˣϸϸĥԽĥҶĻԽеù׷ֻ֮н͹УȻû˽֮ͨκ֡⣬Сǹùø󣬶ԹùõΪ˷ǳ˽⡣ù֮ķǳļᶨ˴ɫҷǳעⷽıӡİõˣԲԼ˽ͨԸ񲻷ϡ
ͨƽ뵽ڹùõ˽ͨùÿ϶֪ҪȻԲͬġ˽ͨĲǹùãǱˣִ֮󣬿϶Ϊǹù÷ʱ򿪵ģԸٳԼ뿪֮󣬱ʹùáùòµԼ˴Ϊ˱ԼԼзˡǱǸˣ
뵽ֿܣͨˣǷߺޡǹùõûа⣬ԼֵңҪץסùñˣһֱǵصȴҶ
ȵҶͨĻȴ֪ô˵ҶãͻȻ۵һ˳
Ҷ֪˿̵ĸ顣һᣬԵһ֮󣬲ѾˣϣùøԼںԺ￴顣뿪ʱôӺԺǸСã֪Ѿ뿪׷˳֤Ҫ֤һֵʦ̫賿컹ûʱҹĵšֻܽùʦ̫ˡƶùʦ̫һǸСã֤ùôӺԺԼԺ֤ݣ֤ùõûסԼԺ
ͨƱ˵صͷҴ˹ùãҴˣ˭ɱ˹ùã㣬һҪҵ֣Ϊҹùñ𣡡
ҶԸҲҵԸץס֣Ҫæ֯ϣǵùǰǰȵ𣿡
ǵãһѽɫȣչģ滭ԧͼ
ܺãڣҪһһѡ˵գҶóʮȣͨƱϡ
ͨһ۾ϳĲһѽɫȣѣ
Ҷеʯͷˡ£˱ϱ¼
Ϊ֤ͨûʱ֤Ƴûа취Ϊ֤ʹãҪͨҪôץס֣ҪôȡļֶΡҶûʱ䴦飬ֻίͨƼڼԼȴһüĿٻͷͨݵİӡ
Ҷ˲Ϣݡ
Ϊҹ·ٶҲͲ̫졣ԸϵݵʱѾǵڶˡ
ҶĻ㱨ֲ鿴˵¼ͱϱ¼Լ˽ֻǼ˵һ仰
ǻȥ
˼Ƭ̣ɫŽ͡Ҷ糾ֵ֪ͣѾأЩ̾㲻ôģӼصһԼ֪ѾڲˣԲûκζ
Ҷ΢Цûа꣬ҵıŵģ˵ˣӻ漰ŮڼأҲôǵ顣
Ů᣿ʵ
ҶŰǰ󾭹˵һߣرǿͨеãǰνġ򡱵Ķӵ顣ΪͨݵİҪҶشҶ뷨ܴأҪ
Ҷ˵úϺܶ飬΢Цˣ֪˵飬ˣȻ˺ܴãҲйģֱ˵ôͿŰɣˡ
ҶϲϽͨһ˶лĶ䣡
ô䣬Ķ䣡ЦȤ
¿ɲҵ
ֵǸͨҲһƬТģͦģӲ֮㲻ҪˣҪһõİšТĵ˳Կ
ǣˡ
ˣҹûкúЪϢȻȥЪϢɣӵ֤ݶͲùˡ
ҶæӦˣһ϶漰ү˽ɲ֪̫࣬ȻԴɾͲˡԼòϽȡ֤ʵ֤ݶ£ǡ


156 ޳ܼ
鷿顣ʹǰ˵Ĳ̿£е鶼йˣͬҲѾץ鰸˵հһʽ
գһЦŹʣ¬Ժӡ
ޣ¬λȥ밲ŵģõѾµ¬æװŻŵӭ˳Ѿ¡
¬Ͻϥ񣺡ˣôС˵һõſӭӡ
ҽл˵˶óȥ
ǣ
¬ңŽѷŹϡǸĽ׳ŮӣһճʥŽ¬о鲻һʱҰס
£¬޳ܼˣ£
¬ŵûʧɫϽһڵأ̿㡭
㣡ĻθĲɼģһĶɱʦ̫ڵģʵ
¬Ľһ̱ڵء˻ԩԩ
ԩĲǸѾ£˶Ѿʵйˮǣߴǵļɱʦ̫飡㣬ǸһλᣡҪԼ˵еǰ취˵
¬һ˵׼ȷ֪ȷѾ¶һ̱˵ϣ
ޣϽʵ
¬ڵأ˵ˮʦ̫ˮĲġ檱û˼ģˮĲһʱͿǵȦס
һʱͿǵȦףƵõǸɾ㣡ֻһλᣬʵ̹ףֻһ˳еҪǸұؾж𣬱һµ
¬ŵýͣطֲҿޣ룬ۼˣͷ˵ţ檿Ҫ檼ˣԸʵ

ˮڼǰ˵Ĳĺôʫ檿ҲͶˡˮᰲ£ʱ򣬼ȥ˼ϡҹˮ£檸ˮһʦ̫Ժ檹˵ܺãҪоͺˡʦ̫˵סԺҵطסҾסһԵˮϽӿ˵ʦ̫æֵܳһ䱾䱾ܺܳҪһϡʦ̫˵ãȥ顣Ȼȥʵˮ⣬˵Ľأ˲ܽȥҲͲ֪סʦ̫˷ҸĲ˽ͨҲΪʵʦ̫ˮסҷ˻Ϊ˯Ͳỳɵҵϡ
ŭЦһҽһУ㺦һТ˳Сã
¬̧ͷͰ͵ǡʦֶ̫Ůͨ𣿡
ǣΪùõ˽ͨˣùãùñ֮ƲΪ飬Ϊ˱ùõԼɱˣȻ㵱ĹùãƲùõйأȻǲΪȥɱʦ̫𣿡ˣ˵
¬׼ȷ˵Ǻı֪ʵѾ龭ûʲôָҲˣͷϣĲͷǽˣҡڶʱ׼ͻȻĹͻȻһЩûŴ򿪵Ҿ͸˵ˣ˵Ҷģÿһ㷢ű߲ԶһȴѾˡŵû£Ͻ·ȥ쿴ȴǹصúúõģ˩ϵģǴôˣ򿪷ţַԺҲˡ
˵¬·һξ־ţķһߴŴһ߲ҡҵʱŵÿô졣˵ģ϶ʦ̫ˣײƵġ˵졣ҸϽ컹ûȫϽȷǽԼˮʦ̫˵飬סʦ̫ҪǲУͰƭȥĲɱڡѾû⣬ġˮ׼õҷǽȥصҵԺ䡣Ҳŷǽȥˮ˵֮󣬸Ͻȥʦ̫ܿˣ˵ʦ̫ȥˣȥֶŮͨơҾͿˣ˵϶֪ˡϢȥҿҪˡĲ˵ȥ졣ôľҲ֪Ҳֻ֪Ǹ˵Ѿɱʦ̫ǳǮһƤɵġ
ҿԸ㣬ĲؽӶȥ׷ʦ̫·֪ʦ̫ץһεĵطǲȥԺˣ˭֪飿ʦ̫֪ô£ֲ˵ǲԼȥǾÿ̿һ죬ʦ̫˴ϣʦ̫ڳˡֻһҧûиκ˵ڹƣʱǲµԼֶŮȥԼֶŮܵ˺ԲųԼȥġĲ㽫ʦ̫ˡû뵽ŵȴΪֶŮɱѾֶỤ̊ҿڷⶼ
¬ߵֻ֪Ҫҵļˡ
¬ĳ£ҪǴ˳ȥүôˣҪǲļˣԼһ˶˰ɡǵд飬˵Ϊ˾֢ˡϵ֮ǰ·
˵գԸԼź졣ȻԼﳤȥ
¬ӵؿ޵ҹд˼һ籣˷ϡѾˣԽǽȥ
صԼԺӣϷԸĸĲܴʬյ
գ¬Ů¬绹û𴲣ƿţŷ¬Ѿϵˣһ顣ŵûɢϽ
⾪ţϽʬһһ߰Űɥ£һ˼㡡ⷢɥû˵¬ϵɱ˵Ϊ˲ξ֢ͻȻްˡ
㡵õϢ˻¬飬Ϊ˾֢ĵؿһء
ͬʱĲĸӷżøȹϵһ㣬ΪĶӺö˶˵˯ڼҹȴˣ˭Ҳ˵ȥϵʹӶ˵ûпүȥƾվͲˡ˰죬óۣӱǿǱƱˣ
ǵ˺ü죬ҲûκǿթżʲôġǣӷסˣϽϵϵ˴ûʲôٳĶӡ
ӷĻˣĴѰңֻоŵҪԱҲͲڱٵ⣬ֻܶõˡ¶Ѱıӣǰݵһӣʫİۡӷܻ˼ҶͷȻûκν
ӷܶԣĲ˼ˣ
ڶʧٵĵ죬ӷܾͰϢ˹ʷʾݵöӵ䡣һ죬ʷֵõ㡵ĲϵɱϢʷŵˣƲڸϲȥҲ͡


157 䵶
Ҷ뿪ص˯һ˯˴磬𴲡
ΪҪߵϢҲûл㡵¼š
˰һ˵ϢүĲ¬ϣΪ֢ҹͻȻްˡѾã˵䡣
Ҷˣ϶ɵģɵöλϵеһĺ⡣ʫϵĺȾ˵ĽüĴӦ뵽ֶΣ
ҶȻɵȥʵô¡ֻǸſһȥһ
Ϊүɥ£¼ȻҲʱֹˡ
ҶҪõ飬ⰸҶǰѾ֪İ뿪صʱѾõǰҶд
ҶصأӸô죬Ѿˡ
ţͨơͨݡȸֹͨ˺һᣬô˵֮ȥͨݵңֹ˼䣬ͨݾϲһ¹ڵϿͷл磬һ˵ľ˰лл
Ҷ˵лҾһ˵ҿȷʲôమӦøеġ
ͨЩ˼ȴ޵ĸм
ˣҶȥɷ
ɷҲˣҶԼĸ¼ݣȻ⣬ⶼ漰ǵ˽ͨϸڵģҶʻкǿİʾΪһԱûˣҲı˻
ͨݵɷҲ̫ܿҶ˼ϲ¿ͷߵлҶ
֮Ҷ뿪Ρ
ȻŵξзܺͰĳаеһоӡ
Ҷ׺ŮͨɱùһܶడһɵˣЩż㡵Ľ漰ǲǰ⣬Ҳ͹˲ôˣȻҪ¼ĲþǼȻҶˣ˵ĻǻҪ˵ġ
ЦûʲôⰡ
Ҷڰ֣ҲǸǸҲ֤ʵ
һ仰ֻεر죬ЦšΪҶȻֻһִ£˿̴¼顣үѾˣҪĻ²С
Ҷ϶ͨɱ׹ùãǣѾȥ׺ֽϸĵ飬ùҲֵʦ̫ʬһ죬ڱصİ׺ͷһϻصġɱˣ
̲ס˵һ䣺Ǿͷһɱ֮Żġ
ͷһɱˣ˭ˣ
û˿ɱĽеġ
ΪʲôҪɱһָ׹ùã
˵ĽʱΪһʱɱˡ
ɱ˵ĵأ
֤ݷ
ȥ
úãҶֱ˵ӸôУǽۣ϶˼ϣȻϣԼİӱ϶Ϊر̰ǿ漰Լɴñ⡣Ͻ˰ӵ֤䵶ˡ
Ҷӹ䵶ȷѽ䵶ͨƵ𣿡
ǵġѾʵ֡ǴķȡģҲ֤Ľ䵶
šҶץס鵶Ӻܽ˺ðŰѵӳ˳˿ѽ䵶ɱĹùã
ǰǰ
ΪʲôûѪ
˵֮ˮϴûѪ
ʱϴˣ
ǵġ
Ǻã˰ѵʲ𿪣ʵڿûѪ
һɵˣû뵽⡣Ҫǲ𿪲쿴ڿûѪǿɾ鷳ˡɵðҲҵ󣬸ϽĽ𿪵ʡ
ʴ򿪳룬һۿȥڿǸɸɾģûκѪĺۼ
ͰˡŤͷξ˾ͳа
ξЦ᲻ʱϴˣ
й˵ϴ𣿡Ҷϸڣʬĵطǻ£ûˮԴͨƵҲûдˮĺ«Ҳ˵ʱûа취ϴѪĽ䵶ܲŽ䵶һֱߵˮĵطɣɸ϶ʵ
֧ţ֪ôش
Ҷֵ϶ͨý䵶ùãʣ˼
һڲϣֱӱ
ʬϼصģʦ̫ϻжദƤˣô£
ݰĽǰҵ˴Ӧˡ
ͨ𣿡
ðˣӲͷƤ˵ûС
ͨСùʦ̫Ƕɵʦ̫书ġ˴ǲͨһ˶ûУⲻϳ𣿡
ʵҶҲ֪ʦ̫׻᲻书ȻǶɵ֣Ӧûһ书ġҶ֪ǵȻҲ֪ûⷽ룬Ȼͨ֤ݵռжϱһдӼˣȻûעЩ⡣
Ҷƿԣֽ˵˵Ϊ¸ʦִ̫Ծûϸصʲô¡ǵ𣿡
ֲ˲亹Ϊ׷ûѯôϸҶȻǻشġ
ҶԼ˵ҵ飬ͨƴСĸ˫ùðһģ˼ĸŮ֮ϵͬһ㡣ͨԸǳˣɨؿϧɶɴֵƣλӵɱˣοɱĻǸ׹ùãǲ̫𣿡
̿
Ҷץǰѽ䵶ղţҰεӵʱ˺ܴŰγ˵ѵӼûгʹЩסˣ˵ͨƽͲһе¶ݵˡһ˵ɱ˲ϳ
ʵҶжֵ˵γһеסĵӣǽֱ۶ϣҲǲѴ֮ġǹװӣ˵ѵáҲʵ顣
Ҷֽ˵صղǸ⣬ͨһһеĳˣʲôԭεɱˣǱĹؼȴûвͿ϶һ˵ͨɱɣӺԷˣ
˾ǺͰ˵ǡͨﰡǶụֻ̂ôͳˡ
ԶԣҲæŸͣľݡ
ҶţҲǰ참ˣǰû˵ǺַˣʵҲ֤û
໥һۣͷ̫ˣѵӰҲˣҪǿɾ鷳ˡ
Ҷǲǿ԰Ѱһ¾֪ˡǲǰѰͨѺʰ
ʲôѡأϽԸȥͨѺʰ


158 ©
ܿ죬ͨƱѺˣصļС
Ҷȴûпڣһۡ˼ѯʡ
һϵʵ︾ͨƣлҪ㣬ʵش𣬲ýƱ磬򣬿ҪƤܿģ
ͨƵͷû˵
һ֮󣬲ʵ㣬ɱ׹ùãֵʦ̫
ͨҡͷƶɱġƶǹùһͬĸŮλǵ֮£
صڷһģŭ󵨣Ȼˣź򣡡
ҶشĻѾˣ¼Ƿ̣
Σ˵йƷĳ͢٣ҶֻһССҶӦģڣҶ㡽¼Ҷ˵ҲûдԲֱдʣֻҪǩͿЧСæĲɥ£û¼֮ǰѾԸˣذҶдҲ˵ʵоҶϣΪԼֵĴиСҶΪʲôҪԭֻǣΪ˲УȻҪ̣Ҷ̵ˣ˵ҲЩˡ
æֵǡ
Ҷûпͨƣ˵˵ΪʲôҪ
ȷһܺûش⣬Ϊԭͨ˹ù˽ͨͬʱɱڹùõľǸ˻Ǹйأ°Ǹץס֮ͱ˹ùõףԸԸԼɱˡȻѾ֤ùòû˽ͨѾܴĲĲ˵ȥͨƶֻ֪֪˽ͨĲԼ׹ùáҲ˵ΪһٸʵףǽͲ
ͨԭǲ֪ô˵ģҶϴϵʱѾô˵ˡǰҶ̵ݣ򵥵ػش𣺡ʱԭΪ漰ҹùãҲ˵£ǣùĲɱġү졣
ŭʲô£ʲôв˵
Ҷһۣ漰˽飬ֻҪııѵԲ˵һ᲻֪ɣ
Щ죬ȻͨɣǻĶ֪ģ׵ֻԭ򣬱ˡ
ҶͨѾΪ漰ùֲԸ˵ԭ򡣶ֶܹ֤֤Ʒˣ֤ûʱֱ֤Ƚϳ֣ӲܶҵͷšλΣ
˵ˣ㬵ȻִѾǻʲô
Ҷ̬ȣ㲻ˣ̣ر̣ǾԲģҪ֤ɽУ֤һͿǾȻвʲôèɣ飬һϸġ
һ仰һ亹Ӱˣؼľ϶϶ΪʧǲӰѣҪ϶Ϊ⣬ǿɾǷˣҪɴñ֣֮϶̶ܴϾҶôҶ⻰ȻǾǹӣӿɾͲˡ
ϽҾһ񣬵¹֪ӵȷ̫ʣ֤ݶûкúõĲʵ©ٳȷԶӦøСǣ¹ٵȵȷǹİִ찡ԣҵȸм
ξ˾˶Ͻ̬ͣȷǳĳϿңǸӦøУǶ֮Ҷæԡ
ͨһ˫Ŀ֪⼸ΪʲôҪҶССͷֺá
Ҷ˳ҲˣŰŻ˷ʥ޹֪ܸģĪɣȻλϿҵǵһͨݵİˣһøаɡ
о°ֱӵ᰸֮⣬°ǶҪеġǹŴаʽϵĹ涨
úãæӦˣ͵͵һ亹Ըͨƴȥͨݴ
ͨݣղҶ˵ģҪӸͨƵһУѵҶѾ϶ҲһԭѾµ亹ð˳벻ʲôطġ
Ҷͨݣо϶ڰ׺³ҵʱ򣬸ڵɷ˽ͨ˼𣿡
ǰҶڼѾô˵ӣ¹ڵϿߵԩʵûзﰡֻңǡǲûǹҵ鰡
۾Բˣ˵ʲôûий֮£ΪҪм飿
ͨίĨᣬ˵Ҹɷʱûã˵УһֱҺãҵʱΪҪңûдӦסĥӲݣӦ޸
֮䣬ûʲôܵΪ
Сҵ죬ңپûˡ
Ҷ¶΢Ц廰ʣֻ§ûз֮񣿡
ͨݴʧɫûУûаʱǳˣô飿˵ˣĸ֮ý֮ԣûЩ飿
Ϊʲôֳ˽м飿
ûаûô˵ǲ˽ͨˣ˵ǣΪ졢§˽ͨءԾͳˡʵֻ§ʲôûһֱ׵ʱҶǻƻŮ
Ŷöãʲôʱ׵ģ
˲һ֮һ׳׵ġ
֮Ƕ˵һĺӡ
һ֮󡣡
Ҷתͷ˵˽ָͨʲôרָķ֮ʵǰûз֮ʵΪ
ʱɵˡ
Ҷϸͨݵİеİﶼֻд˽ͨھ˽ͨϸڣûдҪƳǰдʻ϶עıʶעذʵ׼ȷдؼϸڣҲǷŮϵֻһԱȽϺĴ˽ͨӱȽϿܹ֮֮ŮΪҲ԰СҪûݺ٣ǾͲ϶ΪҶץסӣͨһҧֻ§ûݺ١ֻ֪Ҫһ𷭹ӾͿΪûб֤֤ݲ㡣
Ҳϸڣǰ̫дĶԵ׼ȷֻעдʵﻪǷõ಻֮ı£Ҷôһ˵ŷ鷳ˣؼĶûô׼ȷͷʹ©˼ץ˻
ǰҶѾү״ɱﵣҲͲٶԣ͵͵аʹһɫ֪뷨¶ְٰԶԣҪһЩϾûйְҲûоȨ϶ΪĴҲ׷ȥ˵һЩүһСС̫ƽϵġ


159 
һִ£ν˽ֻͨҪָͨ˼Ҷ֪
ҾͲ֪Ҷ֤ݳλʥ˵˽ͨͨ飿
ڨڨЦţʵⰸôжӰ첻ȻðŵүȥӣԱ˵ûλʥô˵УҲָģ룬ת˵Ҿã֪˽ָͨʲôģҲ֪ʲôǼǵʱǩ¼ʱ򣬲û顣
ʱûû˼ڲ˵ˣʲô֤֤˼ҳ֮ǰܹ֮񣿡
ҲǵĿڹ
ǵĿڹѾƷˣңû֤Ƿ֤ݣһҪ֤ݿ֤ûз
ô˵Ȼ֤֤ݣ˶һһ
Ҷǰͨݲ˵ɷ˲һ꣬Ż׼޸룬һʱ䣬Ҫм飬һôûлУ޸ɷ֮£ͻˣ˵ǴǰмûлϣǸûм飡
һɵˡ
ʵͨݸɷǰмģмʱ䲢ûһֻ꣬£ͨݱ֪ԼѾپУԻ׼޸ǻΪƳ참עذ鱾̫עĲɣڲûвͨʱ䣬ֻͳ˵ͨڳڼ˽ͨҶõʱ˵֤࣬ûݺٵһҪ֤ݡȷǣһ궼ûлϣһ¾ͻˣ̶ܴϿ֤ǰһòûнʵϵݺ١
Ϊ참ʱ˶а참Ҳиˣû¼ڹûн¼ȫ׼ȷǣҶ˿ӡ
¼ת˼£Ȼʱû׼ȷؽм¼һЩӡ󣬺˵ǳҺ󲻾˾˽ͨˡֻǵʱԼûʱ䣬ûм¼ҪԼǵ׼ȷĻɷӦ˵øһǵҪһɷɣɷ˵һ
Ҷʼ磬ȻҪɷǶʡ
ܿ죬ͨݵɷ㱻Ѻˡڵϣ໥һ񣬶ӶԷпϣ
ΪȵѾͳһ˿ھȻҲûκβһĵطɷ򽻴Ҳֻ§ûм顣ңһ׳ףһµһӡ
һ˿ڹǳǺϣȻ뵽ҶֽšҶǰæҲֻͨʾյʽУĿܣ¶ˣҲòҶκΰѱΪû֤£Ҷֻյô˵ûȷô˵˿ҶûκζȥԳǹõѡ
Ӳ̰Ҳر⣬ȻûаʵҲ޿κˣȻϿɲұ¶ĥһôֺһҶҪȻ˼ƾʲôҪүǰԼأ
ҵ˲Соͨƻͨݷͷţ
ֱǾ˸˵ö֪˵ʲôáֲҶʾл⣬ֻøмĿ
ͨݷޣҶͨˣеһԣذ׺𣿡
ͨȻҡͷĽѾҵˣȻڷңֻҲҵġңһҵطаɡ
Ҷҵһ飬֪ԸԸ⣿
ͨƸмҶҵľˣôԸһհ졣
ҶҸɵ˻ʦ̫ϵҪȤҿƼȥݵСù֣ǰȥʱ˶ġ֪ùõĹϵĸŮҲͬ㣬ͷˣǻġ
ͨȦˣͷЩʵҪȥУٺòˡл硣
Ǿô˵ˡ
̧ۣͨҶҹùõ˭ɱأ
ҶһЩſڽ಻֪λش
ʵͨƵĹùʦ̫˭ɱģҶԼҲֻǲͨƿ˽ͨŮǲ¬ϺǰݵһĲҲɵӦʦ̫ǵļɱڡеľϸ֪ˣû֡ͨҲΪץףȻʵϵѾܴʬգ֤ݲΪɸͨġڣͨʵ˭ɱĹùãҲش֪ϵү˽Ҳ˵
ͨƿҶΣɬһЦһģץסɱҹùõףҹùñѩޡ
ҶͷãһġʲôϢһἰʱġ
Ҷд˵һⱣŸͨƣȥɽţŵġͨٴлҶĸмˡ
Ϊ¼ĹʱֹͣˣҶҲ׼ݣҲ뼱Ÿ·ϢһϣȻ̻ȥ
Ҷ׼ؿջξѾԶæˣϽЦ˵ִΪ¼ĽͿ๦ߣǺǸмԣھ¥±ƣʾл⣬ִ¹ٰ
ҶаоƺȵȻǺ¡
ҶôʹʹӦˣξǾϲæǾôˡȥϾȥ
˵ˣһСӣʺξξЩǱʦ̫ʦֻ̫ͨһˣЩҪҪ
Щʲô
ЩֵǮСҲûϸװˡ
ҶߵĶȻҪߵͨƸոճȥãǸϽ׷ȥѶ
æӦˣǴ˳ȥ
ξҲϽȥȥˡҶվšһᣬͷɥػˣ˵ûҵ֪ȥȥˡ
ҶȻʲôֵǮĶǾͽҺˣҪݣһ֮
ϲϽѶҶ
ҶתҪߣǽסˣҪǼһ𣿡
ˡһЩҲ֤ҲֵǮԵҲûеǼǣҲõǼǵġ
Ҷͷ֮󣬴ǸСӣһֻۣһǮһ飬һ°ɫһͭԿףһķ𾭡óǮֻǮҲֻͨľ飬ֵǮԿ׺ͷȻҲֵǮģֻǷʦ̫ǩдüΪղصļֵͨϣµġǰѴӷŽ˻


160 뷿ɱ
ܿ죬ͺξˣųҶ˳һ˳ãõľ¥Ѿһõû㣬ͺξˡҶ֪лҪ˵
ȻûȾϣóһСǮ䣬ķҶǰЦִ¼࣬ǰ²ִ˲鷳ִ¼£ǵһС˼ıǸ⡣ִЦɡ
ҶûдǮ䣬Ǯ˻ȥξǵĽ飬ǮҪ˵ǮɾͷˡҶá
ͺξһȰ˵Ҷ£ĥӲݵģҶΪѣ˵ʵҲҪλæĵطҪлңʱһæͿˡ
ִ˵ʲôæһ쵽
ʵҶûҪǰʲôæֻôһ˵ˡǼȻѾʵˣ˵֪ûкʵĵط޽
ҶҲʱ뵽˹ʷѾѹĹ񽻸ֽͨŻȡ棬ֲôõһ׬ǮĻᣬʱ뵽ñ˵һֱӴԼֻҪ۸û⣬׬Ǯ˳ṵ̂۵ɡ
ͺξЦˣִҶԵطˣϵʺţõţҲȻִ㣬ð죬Ȧһظǡص죡ɫƥ飬кξˡ
ξϽӦˣظ˵Сһ׮һ顣
Ҷҿɰѻ˵ǰ棬ûǮҪҪè壬ĻҾͲҪˡ
ͺξʵľ⣬ͨҶͼ۰лߣû뵽Ҷ˵ˣ̬棬ǹֻ̬õͷӦ
ҶֻҪҰãǰæˣڼ۸ϸʲôôġ⣬Ҫñ˵졣ó⡣ͬʱҽҪҪģڹЩԺڹĸ
ξû⡣졣ǽϵţܶࡣҪġ
ȻҶѾ˵ҪּҪǮͺξҲͲǿ
Ȼ˼̬ȣѾԼҪеİˣҶµȻ̫Ҳ˵˱̬ˣӻүǰ˵ûģӦòᴦǡ
Ҷܱ̬֮ΪӶİүλ谮мӣ֪һЩԼԲΪѵġ
Ҷ̬ͺξһ˼Ѿ׼õ̾Ƶĸ輧ƣ⼸Ů˵µҲȻȲĴУҲˡ
˺ȵúܸˣһֱҹ
׼ɢϯʱŵһŻŵ˽ȭֵүˣˣ
һ˵һ¡Ϊӡ٣ĵľһƲˣǿҪӰġмΪĹԱֵѹŲ϶ΪѹȻûӣοү¼ִ»һءæ˶񣬵ô£˵һ㣡
ү˱˵ǼС㱻ɱ˹뷿⣬뷿ﻹһ˵ʬ壬Ҳ֪ôģ
һӦŮ˽ͨɱҪҲð죬ȻҲڹ뷿ˣʵڲУ϶򰮳ɳɱҲˡһЩҶ˵ִưײˣִܷһȥ쿴ֳ¹ָһأ
ʵҶǰƵļҲȦ֪ͨѶĹŴûдݵҲҪҶƨôһ˵ѡҪҶƴǣҲͺý¿ˡ
ҶѾõٵָʾҪܵʹøֻԼԱʵļƻʲôүҵСһڹ뷿ɫְ˵ע⣬ҪԼӣӰͳȥˡ
ǺҶڴӦˣȻ£¾͹ˡ
΢΢һ㶣벻ҶôʹؾʹӦˣ⵽ҲǺ£үų¼ĹæưҪƲˣԼҲҪСö࣬ҲǺܸˣæл
Ǽ˱˾¥ųǰֳ졣
ֳŵĲѾõϢŵֳ¥ܶ˾䣬׼˿үͼ˶СҶҲ⣬˵űֳռʶǲġ
ŵĻƲͷˣϽӭȭ
ô£
ƲͷѾ򵥿ֳүŮ˴ϣ泯죬ȹӺѾ⿪¡ϱſһѾˡһӵʬڴǰĿڴһѼһҲѾˡԱ߻һһЩΡ˵Ʋͷѹ˵еģ󴺽֮ǰԽǱӵĸɻФ꣡
־ϲ𣿡
ź󣬲ûнʬ죬ȷϡ
ϲͷҶԻæ͵Ф꣬ԭϣһˣϲմǲݣΪóṦԱ˲ɻ˲ŮӣһֱںǰЩӣǵõ߱˵ҪȥĳҲɻȲ޵һù鰸ͺ׼벻СӾȻ˲ڴǰϦȻԽ͵ˣΪץѣ벻ȻͶֻ©
ԭˡ˭ģôֵģ
ļҴСѾ߱ģС춯˼ûӦС㿴Сڴϣ˺ܶѪѾˣҲһ˵ʬ壬ؿڲһѼȥүͱˡǷСѾ֮󣬾ûŲʬ壬ֱӱˡ
ţȥ쿴ֳٽӦĵ顣
ã
ȻԳˣҲòξ֣Ժξûиȥš
ҶƲͷͬ£¥
¥үŮĹ뷿¥ӺʹʹѾסл¥СĹ뷿鷿ٷСѾߵס
ʬ嶼СĹ뷿ȻƲͷ˵һСʬڴϣʬڴ¡ʬĿڲһѼѪ٣ֻǰǰһСʪˡǴСʬǳĿ£Ĳһ˿ڣѴӶˡѪѾͷĴ̱˰ɫѪ
ŨѪζͲҰˡվſڣһĶ£ǰֻһֳĲҾŤͷٲҿˡ


161 ϷҶ
Ҷļ򣬵ҪǲԵȥţҸƲͷֳͿˡһ㱨
Ͳ仰æعֵˣȻ¥ȥˡ
ƲͷȻǶϲͷˣôѪȵĳ棬ȴҲò࣬ɫҲЩ
Ҷûż߽ȥվſڣȰĳϸһߡǽŵģûۼ
ҶĿɨһȦֹ뷿ǽƺдһʫΪֻһյƣдʲôݡ
ʱѾһյŽȥܿ˵Ͽܻºۼĵطһֱ˴ǰǾФʬǰ쿴ɫȽƽƺǰû̫ܵʹࡣµ룬ǿѾһ룬ġһѵȫѪĿڲһжѾĿڡ
ٿǴŮӣȹӱĿӱʵ䡣¶ǿǿĺۼ֣㱻һͱࡣ֮ǰҲһܺˡ˶
ûʲôƵġȻ
Ҷߵǽǰۿǽϵּԭһʫߣдǣ
ϿɲҶ
ϷҶ䣬ϷҶ
ϷҶϣϷҶ
ʫдףҶζһߣһǱߡȻкü伸ظģظΧҶеζ龰ֵ˳
Ҷ̾벻үǧȻһλŮдôʫʡϧˣˡ
Ҷתŵʬ壬λٶ缸
ʬ壬ҶͻȻͷһ뵽һ飬ͨƲҪԼ׸Ĺùñѩ𣿶ʵӦ¬Ĳһһʧˣνʧ٣ӦҲɱˣҲ˵ѾˣҲ̸ҳ׵⡣ֲܸͨ˵ȻһԽӳʱǴǰʦ̫ʱպǺϡβӸ˽ˣҲǰһæ
ǣҶſվŵĻƲͷȥɣ
ƲͷæӦˣת¥
ŽŲȥҶϴӻȡʦ̫ǱķСӷŽФĻ
ոʰãŲˡ
ҶһԾ㵽źȥվ⣬
Ʋͷ¥ݿڣҶվ˵ˡ
ҶȥɣӦǱС뷿СˣҲСɱˡ
ƲͷҲŵǰǰӦþ
Ҷʩ֮󣬱ȥʼ顣һһǼǡ
ȼǵФʬ塣ǰʬϵȫȡ˳ڵϡ
վĻƲͷͻȻһǱķ𾭣ʲôҿ
ϽǷ𾭵ݸƲͷ
Ʋͷһ֣͡룬ͻȻ¶ϲӵɫҶѽʦ̫Ķôϣ
Ҷװǳȵӣôϣѵ
ɱʦ̫ϵķ𾭣ԭɱʦ̫ǻĸˣ̫ˣϰϢһˣ
˵գƲͷ˳¥ȥˡƬ̣ǱҲһ˷ܣҶԭɱʦ̫ȻǸˣִ£ҿӣҪȻɱˣǿ
ҶҲǷǳ˵ӣмֵ⣬Ҳ벻Ȼ
ʱѾѹ˵Ф¿ʬ졣ʬĿڵĲŵǰѼ֮⣬ûˡΪ֤ղءȻʼ鴲үǧʬ塣
ΪϵµڱɵЦҶĿ˵ϳФʬĿڵ˿ϡͻȻһŵ߹ȥ£ϸ쿴˿ڡ
˿ڶ߿Ե룬ǻδ֯ţɡҶеȵǣĴһһۣӦǵγɵģһƬ룬γִˣǼ˫Ƭ£ȥģӦ涼۲ǣôγһһĴǻأ
Ǽ˹²봴ǻʱüͷǽһֱ嵽˫ȴ봴ǻ໹Щľ롣Ҳ˵ⴴǻĴڱȼĿȴ
ô
˫лߵеϵĶܻγɱȵпȴĴڡǣȻһ˵϶ĶҲγɱȸĴڡ
ңڼһ̶ȵԹ۲ʱ򣬴ʱխȴĿȸһЩ
ѵڲǼɵģαֳ
Ҷ룬̧ͷĴ˿һСķı˹ȥӱʼһ֧ʣ߻£ëʵתز˴ڣһֱײȻֿסëʣ˻ĵнбȶԣֳһ봴ǻëʱȼĵгһ룡
ôܣжˣһֱ˵ȥˡֻ˵һ⣬ǾǣФĿڵˣǼɵģαֳ
ҶļͻƲͷע⣬ߣ⣬ҶѲ봴ǻëʸǰѼбȶԵʱҲˣҶʲôߵĲһ£ˡ
ƲͷҶɱФģļҴС㣿
Ҷû˵Ҫҵ֤ݡĿФǱϡĵҲһһ񣬵ȴһΣöԱȣĿͿ֪ҪѵôǴӦڵôˣγɵģɱФ
ҶĿ׼ƿʱͣסˣĿФ̯ϡɵһ
ͻƲͷ֪϶֣æʵôˣôԾĵط𣿡
ҶͷǰФڣͼǿļҴСʱ򣬱üѣФ֮ǰˣһļҴС㡣԰ɣ
ͻƲͷͷ
Ф걻е࣬౻ƣں̵ܶʱھͻҲ׳־ΣӶ߬סԼĶǡҶָָФ̯ƣȴ̯ģң̫ϳȻҲǾԵģҲε
Ҷվŵٴϸ쿴ֳذǽڡͻȻڿǽǰվסˣŵϸ۲졣


162 
ͻƲͷҲƣֻľǽдǳǳĴۣһбų£ƺγɵġ
ҶԸƲͷ͸ϽǱ˹ݸҶҶӹСĵؽ봴ڣһֱס۲һ࣬øǺϣ
˻һۣƲͷȻûдͷҶ
ҶФĿڵĴ˸ļǺϣ˵߲ǱģǽֳһĺۼƶϣӦˣ书ӦñФҪǿΪﲢûƴɱۼֻһУͻФĵǽϣǲòԵ˵ϡһѱȼԿĵФ꣬Фĵ˴ϵļҴС㣬ФƣѵȻ뿪һ⣬Ǵ򶷵ʱļҴСôأһԭ򣡡
Ʋͷ϶ǱԵˣϲһףų㣬Ե֮һп˵ţƲͷߵǰϸ飬ʧǣûκĺۼ
ƲͷͷЩ˼ˣôûпأ
ҶѾˣϲûĿҲûд򿪴ƻۼҲûнĺۼˣӦǴſڽġ
ˣñĵƬţͿԽˡĻӦµƬĺۼǻƲͷȥšҲûκεⲦĺۼ
Ʋͷǲ˼ٺٸЦ˵ôأǴӴģҲǴģǴģ
Ҷʼ磬ʱҲû˵գߵǰëʷڱʼϡĿϵһֽϣһҪ߿ͻȻվסˣ룬תϸ쿴ֽϵּֽߵǽǰۿǽϵһʫ
ԣϵֽϵּɬƺոѧдƵģġǽϵʫּȴɷ裬ǳƮݣȻһдġ
ҶһæûƲͷļҴСѾ߽
Ѿ߿޵۾׵ģ˿̻ڲͣسڼСʬ壬ģصؿ
ҶԶֽʣСд𣿡
Ѿ߲˲ᣬϸһۣͷǣ
ôдá
Ҷֻ˵һû˵ѾѾˣæ͵Сոѧд֣ԡ
ոѧд֣ҶǾȣתͷֿһǽϵɷʫǽϵʫ˭дģ
ѾһۣǡСдġ
СҶɻ󣬡Сôˣ
ģǡүǲ֪
ү֪ҶˡǡѾ߲Ǹ𣿡أ
Ѿߵͷ
ʲôʲôࣿˣôСʶģ
Ѿ߻ǲ˵
Ҷü㻰أ
ҡҲ֪Ѿ֧֧˵
㲻֪СѾߣ᲻֪
ѾֻǵͷʲôҲ˵
Ҷ̾һȻԸ˵ҾֻнүСү˽ˣүô㣡
Ѿŵùһ¹˵ϣӶţͷ˵㲻Ҫү
˵
ѾֿŵǾʬ
ҶͻƲͷˣҶСĽ
Ѿߵͷ
ô£Ѿ˵
һǰһҹ˷С˵ϲС㣬СáСòãҲϲġ˵˽ͨҪģý˵ס˵ýֻ˽СΪʲôýȴô˵˽ʱʫСϲСȻĽĲѧҲȣȴʼղӦз֮¡ҲǿСд֡Щֻһ֪С㲻øκˡ
˵𣿡
ûУֻ˵ФСФɾͿˡ
ФɣҶֹһ䣬̵ģôڽԼʵȻСϵܣôɱС㣿ѵǼװģ̲סˣ¶ĿҪǿС㣬ԱСüˣ
ѾҡҡͷģС˽˵ҪǿСҲܾģֻǽҪʼСͳȥ
šʲôʱģ
ū澲֪ģ书ܺãԸȥ˽ᣬܶʱҲ֪ġֻҪСķŹˣҾ֪ˣ¥Ҳϡ˾ϲˡ
ǽϹ˷𣿡
˵ģ춯Ҳûǡҹˣ͵͵ȥΪФÿͻ뿪ġѾˣҾȥ˿ַûŷ￴˿ﻹŵƵģФӣĿڲһѼŻˣƿţ㿴С㡭ڴһǺôһѿڣȫѪŵ̱˵ϣô飬ȻˣҾȥүˡһֱû˵ФӸС飬±֪ˣСڡ
ҶʣʲôʱСķŹر˵ģ
ոպڵʱ򡣡
ʲô˵һ㣡
šѾϸϸ룬СľУܴ󣬽žûˡҾͳȥСķѾˡҹФˣûʡͻԼˡٺॵ˵һ£ʲôײǽˡٺûˡЩ
ФС˽ᣬôģŻǷ
Уһ˯֮ǰСķźʹǿŵģʱӴҾΣСŮһ¾ͳڴ̨˳ЦмֱӴŷġС㵣ı˿˵ûܿõġ
ҶƬ̣ʣǰûСĹ뷿
ûСѾ߻شܿ϶
ڣҿԸ㣬СλФӣǱɱαֳú룬˭˭СλФг𣿡
ѾҲФӲһˡҲ۸С㡣ҲܻϧˣҲɱС㡣СŲŲģ˽ôҪɱأǸФûгҲ֪Ϊ̸ԼСҲʹһΣû˵СҲûˡ
ҶָǽϵɷʫӦФдİɣ
Ҳּ֪ͦģҼ֡Сдġ
ʫʲôʱдģ
ѾҡҡͷӦǽдģΪСʱ򶼻ûʫ


163 ˽ͨ
Ѿֶǽʫֹ
ʲô˵Ҷ
ФΪʲôҪǽʫΪı˿ǶűС˽ģҪдʫǽϣǱ˶֪Ҫү֪ˣСô£Сô˵
ҶͷЩ֡ǰʫһ飬ȷʫФдģ
ţûдʫʸСģС鷿İһ֪
ãϽȥҿ
Ѿߺܿ鷿ȥһʫʸҶ˵Ф˵ֱʣСõġ
Ҷӹǽϵʫ˱ȶԣȻǺϡ
ФΪʲôҪ˱˷˽С뷿дʫд֮˹뷿⾿ô£뷿ַʲô
ʱļҴСʬŹ˵ѾˡļҴСֻвһˣҲˡλûˣҲûеֿˡûǿĺۼļҴС㻹ǴŮ
֤Ѿߵ˵ФȻвɻĳû뵽ȴǸ˾ӡ
ȻļҴСûʲôңǵҲˣФϲҡλȻĶǳҾٲˡֻ²̫ò飬Ҳûбİ취ֻӲͷƤϡ
˭ȥأԼνĽʿϤµĲֻҲԼǿȥΪ˵ʿ̫Ըٸ˴򽻵ġ
ֻһˣȻǳˣǱ׼ĽʿǻͨǵĹϵȥ飬õĽ͸׼ȷˡ
ҶͻƲͷӺܿФĳҸɵģҪĳҶ˭Ȼ󰤸Ų顣ʱ䳤Ҳ°ˡҿдһŸɵˣǰæ飬ôһϸǡҲнⷽĵ飬˫¡
æӦˣһıʾл
գҶ̷ݣ͵ⳤͤŻ
صݼ÷ȻǳĸˡûеҶ£÷͸˵ǰոˣ˵Ҷһȥ
ҶֻϻԼҹӶǰ
ŷѾõ˽Ϲذӭ뵽Ժӡ
ż˵飬ֻǱߵİӰôˡҶѰͨƺͨݵİ˵ˡҶ˵ͨƽȥ˶ɽУ⣬ǽɣͽϣ书ѧǳܽУҲһùͨݣǺܷŮ˽ͨģıǲͷŵģȻشָǼˣ˺ӣҲͷˣû˵ʲô
Ҷ˵ˣ˵Ҷ⣬˵¬˸Ĳ˽ͨ飬ԭֻǺգ룬־кΡ¬ϳȻ㲻óȴҲֻǿùȥˣò㲻ϡүȢҲֻΪҪǿĲòĲôҲݵһӣϲò˫ȫҲǷģӦòȱòŮ˰ȥһòƽƽݸ߹ĲͲ±ɱͷˣȥҲûԭ򣬰ҪҲԵʲô
Ҷа룬¬òҲòģ˵ò㲻ϡһˣǲΪ˵˵ĺõġŮˡ
ɻҲûκελ¬Ȼòģǵȷ㲻ǣҲûдﵽߵĵزȴǳ⣬ǻҳԱͨŮ˹ɼ鶼Ҫ̣ҪҳԱǿҪԴģҪ൱ĲĸˣҪȥһλأԼֻһССܵĶӣڻ֥ٶ㲻ϣȻǾɫϣ飡
Ҷǰߣܲײ˸˶̶ˣͺһڣϲ̼һĹԱļҾѾȤҪžô̼ôһˣ
ôģҶû˵ȻԼ飬Ǿ͵¡
Ҷ룬¬ѾĲѾʧˣͷôأ
ʵҲܺڣº뵽ģʱ֪ǹɼүͷ֮±㴦ûϸΪʲôҪ˽ͨ΢Ц˵ûҪֻ²סҲ֪㾡ľˣܲȻã鲻Ҳûа취
仰ҶҲͷˣͷõģһ顣
ֵ¬ϵɥһ꣬үҪ¼ҪŰҽİӰá
ģһŬõġ
ºףҲࡣҲӦܰɡ
Ҷ룬ǰ䵹Ҳˣһ˵õҲ˵ͨݵİӣͨƵİԩֽһ˺¬Ĳ˽ͨİӡȥͷһĲ˵ʲô
ǳҶص˼
÷Ѿһĺòˣ׼˺þƸӷϴ÷ܿϼһһߣҶ˹ص飬ܿϼ˵ٽ̹һнչ˳Ԥ깤µѾʼѿˣúܺá
÷ָҶһ˸˵飬Ǿǳ͢Ҫ޽̵ĹѾá˾ƶҲǻʫ޵ĸףѾ˵ˣ󲿷ֵʯɽͻ£ҶģҶ֮ȥǩɾʯϺԼ
ҶЦúϲ£ˣٸԼһʺơǮλ֮ӦͺðˣҲǮˡҶѿ˳÷ó÷ʱԼһȥó÷
÷֪飬Բ֪ҶΪʲôҪȥݿʼһǾ֮ǰ˽ΪʲôҪһʯɽһڲ֪л⡣ԾɻȴҲٶʡ
ոճ극˵ŷϻͷ˵ÿķ˺ͺˡ
ҶǾȣķ˺ôˣ
÷Ц齫ģ
ŶҲ齫
ţҽġϾϲˣĹҴ齫ء
Ҷˣ벻÷Ὺչ⽻æų÷ӭӡ
˵ĶӿһҶ˸߲˹ѧŴ˵ӹֵɻˣ̵㿴Σ
簮ӣû
ʽСһԲģġ
Ҷָ㿵Ǳ߳÷Ѿȵߡ˵˼֪ҶѾʵǲôŵġҶͳ÷˵޷˵õةķҲѧ齫һѧ÷ȻǺø˵شӦˡ


164 
ŴĻֻ٣˻ãԺȾƹ¥Ů˾ͲˣŮ죬ʵûʲôǲģҶ齫Ůδ򷢿ʱģǼȤ
ʹõǰҶͼ齫¶Ƶģӿ˴ƵļѾȽˡЩûٸ÷д衣
齫ͲҶԼ书ҶȻѾ˶ֵĴ󲿷ԣֻѾûе֣ǣȴû˾书ľһоǻǽθȥķΪ֧ţҪȻ㶮˷ţҲʹòˡ⻹һķգô۰⺢ӣԼҪˤˣǿɾ鷳ˡ
ȻҶѾûпԽ̿ĶȻ˵һڣ˵ȭһգҪѧȭҪΪǾͱرǻĻʵˣʱѧʲôȭˡ
ţʣôأң
Ҷûʲô书ȻСʱ򾭳ܡǴҲĥ˲ʵսƼɣͬʱҲ˲Ƭ֪ôģ޷ǾѹɶģȽһлһٷƿɲ
˵գԼһҲؾصؿʼҶŵ˿Сȥ÷Ǵ齫
һᣬԼĪһٷʱˣųȥһ֮£ʱһֻͷ󺹣ȫµøɸһ㣬Ҫ̱ˣȴҧš
ҶԼҲû˾ʲô֪տʼӦãһٷĹԳѧ̫ˣرǿһӡСһﾹȻҧôã϶̱ˣҲҶеЩϽˣˣ
վûˣһƨ˵ϣȻ˲ţشŴҶҲûҲûп˼ԺÿʱԼһ㡭
áҡСҧҪȴôҲҶȴӣڵϴһ泯£˫ֺϥţˡ
ҶСһͦǿ˵ţﰵ⣺˼ô䣬ԼҪǺŪЩ˼һѧһɵ湦̽
һ뵽Ҫ䣬ȤȻҪȻɵ׼ҵӵˡԸ䣬Ҳȴһ¡
뵽ȻԼŷϻͷǶɵ׼ҵ˵书ܸߵģ°ϻͷָ㿵书ϻͷղѾ͵ۿҧĳԿྫ񣬰ԵͷҶӦˡ
ӦˣǿȴͷԸѧϻͷ¶һ书Ȼ棬˿ſͷʦӴ˸ϻͷѧ书
ա
Ҷų÷ŷ滤Ժϻͷһţƶذ˲ʯϺԼԤһļۿһ빤֮̿һ֧ҲҶ飬ҪǱˣôʹذǮ֧ģʱҪϣһҪȡɻؿ۵ġ
һε⣬Ҷ׬һǮ۳ҶǿصǮ֮󣬻װ˺üӡҿ÷׼ģŰǮ˻ȥ
ڣǿصǮѾˣٽ̵Ǯ˵ǵʣ൱дȻϢеߣǰ֧ҲҪȫ֧ģԻ絽ʱٸЩǮɱ顣
֮ǰҪǱߵϢ
Фĳҵ飬ҶصʱѾдһţŵĿɽĻȥˣǰæáϢֱԼ漰ͨݺͨͨݵʵҶѾˣû׷ε˼ҶҲһ
ʱѾ¡
һ죬ү㡵Ĳ¬ϳӡ
Ҷſμ˳ʽ
ǲɥ£ģܺϵĹٳϵ˲඼ˣвǱ߾Ľ졣
ϵެȻ̫ĳɹެף߹ϵǴ˿޸ɲѾˣ׵ӳмλɴι̵꿪ʼɶʱެͳ߶ެͳǺǿرǱԶĲ䣬Ȼ˳ެǻϻһԼľӡǸƵĹϵȻƽͣѾаӿļ
үڼݴʷͬʱҪݴ󶼶൱ڵĳɶ˾Աְλͳ˧ϵı߾ĲʣЩȻҪġ
Աˣʽ֮󣬱ҪͳǣǻĹᡣҪԱ͵⡣
ֽǮ춯أĶƺƵǰţǿ쵽ſڵʱȴͣүЩ֣ӳ̽ͷۿʱǰ濪ıүǰһŮТסȥ·˵кǺУξŮҪ顣ү׼
һУξ֣һϵıܸӡƬ̣ŵɣ
Ƭ̣һŮȫѩ׵ТһֳֿɥһһͷŹ¬ϵǰޡʮֵıС
㡳̾һȥл˵
ã
˳ǰѿ޵滨꼸ҪȥĺǰԺл顣ҡҺܱǸ
һڵϣţǰ죬ʰһţҳ͸ү鿴ţ֤ҵûı˵գӻһţݹͷ
ûʾ֮ǰǲǰȡŵģߵᡣԾš
̾һ飬ҲΣ֤ɽ޷ıġ㡭㻹ǡ
ſ֤ҵûıүĿҵԩģү¼ү˰үӣҡҾͽ״ҪǻʵҲϸӣҡҾ͵ڻʳǰǣ
ü룬ŵǺðɣ¼¼һ㸸׵İӣһɣˣٳִҶ
Ҷſڶĺ棬ССһĶְֻ̫ܸͣںܸүĳ󡣴˰쾢ڶĹҵҶ
ǲ֪ΪʲôĶͣԭںۣȴ˵ʱүԼȥЩ죬Щ˵˵ĹҲһ¶ĽͶʼɡ


165 
ҶŴ㡵ĳԡ㿴һТŮӹڳǰһſɥһ־һšͷ࣬Ǵһġֻôط̫ԾǾʲôطԾҶҲ˵
Ҳǻһۣ㹪Ҷμү
㡶ҶλǺĸǱУξΪıѶڣŮ˵ԩģҪ¼顣͸ӵĸˡǷдģйأ¡
ǣҶתߵǰȥҽҶүҸ㸸ӵĸ飬ŸҰɡ
ûɹţһֳֿɥһţŵ¹ؾ»ܣ֪үԹĿ
Ҷü˺һۣͷ㡡
ҲüҲ鵢ʱ䣬ǺðɣŸҡ
Ҷתȥȡżȴûǣվߵ˳ǰŵ˹ȥ
㡽ӹŷ⣬ˣȴտյʲôûУ
ɻһ̧ͷ㿴ǰһ⣬Ŀɥһ⣬ٴԼʺ
۶Ҫ˵ֻǿɥ
ʱһֻͬٵػ㡵ļ򣬽ײЩ룬ǿɥ㡲ӲһǳǳѪۣ
벻ͨͨķӦٶȾȻ֮죬ȻԼͬʱ־ˣؿɥѾ㡵Ŀڣ
һƾʮ㣬ȶɽλǾʦ̫Ҫǿϼ֣ҪǻУ㡿϶عǴϣѶ
ҶȫԲȡΧκԵĲԣԱ߹ʹطǣӺУҶ˱ľģˣΧκԣԽУҲͬһ
ҪмܣҶ书ûб½סһС
ЩֻǵʯһɲǣҶȥǰúӲ˺һơ
أ
ҶһˤڳϡȻҲõ˳
벻Ȼ㡵ԼɱһƣүߵѾĻᡣ
ʩһһͷƴһһԲ䵶ʽ죬һһָƺձһֳ
ͬʱ֣ΪҶүǰûа취ٽүֻԱɥ趯һܿ뱻
Ҷһƴú󱳾ʹȴûѪſү֮Լһ£оûˣӣԼǶֵ֮󣬻ǺܹõģǧһȻû˵Լ
ү㡾ûôˣϵǵѪۣȻȽǳû˵ѪܣǻѪ죬Ⱦ˰
ŻˣϽе죡У
кüԼУҲˣֻҶһǸڶĺ棬һʱ仹ܸϵ
Ҷ˺Լһۣ۵֮󣬰ѹ㡲ӵ˿ϡ
ְסԼܸо˿ڲҲôţ۾ڼսĺۼֵסΧϽҪ
֪Դ˹ϵر𣬱Ҳǽ֮£ڣү˼УСģѾΧ޴ߣҲż׼Ŵ򣬵ȶԷƣ¡
֪Լһֻ׶༪٣֮пɥתסԼʺ
һԨվסˣûٽ
㡼лú˵ҪѰ̼
ȻһЦҽҪΪױģȻɱ㣬ҾǰҲŹģ
˵գпɥҪԼʺ롣
ӣҰҶͻȻشһ
Ŀɥʵһĸ׶˰ײͷܷѾʺҶûͷûԵһ仰ȻԼӣ֪ΪʲôôԼͣסˣŭ⹷˵ʲô˭ӣ
Ҷ֣ɺǰߣӣΪˣɱһ˰ѾǵĺӣҪˣǵĺӿɾͳɹ¶ˡ
ҰףпɥָҶ˵˵ʲôʲôһ˺ӣ㡭ףҡɱ㡭пɥžҶʺ
㡼ˣ
ҶɺǰߣѾ಻Ԩ˶ҶƺΪӾˣ˵ʲô˺ӣһʱȻ˸Ҳû뵽ҪΪҶôССԺɥҶʺʱүþˣϣֻﻹüſɥҶʺ
˶ΪҶĪС˵ʱĿɥȴ̿ˣҶȴںǰźվţ˫ֽס
ԭҶʩչ㿪һɥֱӽ˫ֻס֫
ϸֳ˵ԣôҶ÷ǳλװͰ͵Ůɱ֣ԭǸСˣѩף۾촽ۡ
ˣ벻ҶĶ֮죬һӾ͵ԼһƤڱסԼּ뵹תɥҶĺԣǿɥ̫ˣûа취תײҶ̫Ѩ
ֽⲫҶǿСüܴ˲֪٣ڷӦٶΪԽɱֵֻҪñУⲫֻûʲô֣Ҫ˵ƻŮһ˵ڱţѾ鲻ԽȫﻹӦԣ±㱻Ҷ˫һסˡ
ۼҶסүһʱҲϵˣϽ㡰˿ڣ˵Ʋأֻ˵Ƥ⣬û֮ǡүġ
ͬʱԨºĿɥסҶŰſȡţϸ廨
ҶԺ˼ղżҪԾһʱֻú˵˵ע⣬λղ˵ĶǻԣģΪ˾Ⱥһ˵˵ġҿɲҪ档
˶ûЦղεգڻ룬һ£λССӦʱƿүүһƣֻү˿Ѿʬ͵ˡүɱԨȻȻҪԴڳԱҲѴֻ̣¶ܵһѱΣ˶һг˶Ҷĸм
ҶŭĿӣ⹷üʽʲôˣҽд̣ҪΪױ𣬱Ͳ뿪ұڮҵ㻹ǳɱңȻһɱ㣡


166 ˿
ҶѾǸˣԷģҸղشԼһƣͷҲʼ磬ɱңûˣдү
ִ£㡵
Ҷæת㡣Ѿ˿ˣ˲Ѫɫܲ԰ף˵ȴûκŭ⡣
㡶Ҷû°ɣ
ղһƾۺҶȷһľʹ˿Ѿˡҡҡͷлүǣңû¡
ţ򺫱㲻ģ㸸׵İӣ˵˸һḴ飬Ѿӽִ¸һһθ֤㸸׵ȷԩģỹһġ
㲻ؼʵװˣɱҸ׵ʱôûаԥ
¶һĨʹ࣬ҡͷ̾һתͷҶ㸺𸴲顣д̵İӡҪΪ
һ˵ЩʲôвҪΪ˵Ӧ׷дأǽ˵ĲҪڼԿࣿҶһʱףҲʱ򣬱ϽӦˡԸѺٳŴιѺ
ţǰгǡҶҪתصԼλãȴڳִ£͸үĳˡ
Ҷæǣ
ǰһֱһԿţ˿̲Ҷʣû˰ɣ
Ҷһ½ǣû¡ҿԱߵĻʱˣûˡ
ʵʱҶһǺȫģһƣҪҶۺѾˡأһֻԼܸܣ᲻ټû£Ļ΢Ц˵úܺã
ȷھҶõүĺøУԱʵļƻһҶݣһţӽԺү϶Ҷĸһļƻǰƽһ󲽣ѹҪЦúϲ£ˡ
˻ԼλãҶү㡵ĽɫԱߡ
ãԨҲһ࣬мЦЦѹлˣֵܣ
ҶȻֻлԼʲôԼү㡣ԨλүֻҪԴˡ
ҶԼֵܣÿ
ҪҶλС֮ǰԨλүֵܣǿ϶ᱻ֮ԱǵģڲͬˣƺøԨеУæֵԶԣԺԼֵܣ͵ҪôõΪֵģܿڡ
⸵ԨѾʮȻֳҶҲֵаǲġ
˲ɶЦˡ
ԨֵֵܣǰǶûзӦôһӾͷӦˣҿΣӦòʲô书ģܱǷӦҪ찡
Ҷ΢΢һЦΪѾµҪдˣ˷ٶ̫ˣ˷һ㣬˵ү
ŶôµҪдүģ
˵Ҳ򵥣ڵǷţ˵Ǹүģһֻȴ߬ſɥ¡˵ڵϣүţӦðѿɥһߣ˫ţŷ˵⻹ֻҾЩΣΪֻ˵ˡүѾӦ˸׵İӣ˵ҸⲻϣĽ𣿿ȥ׼ȡŵʱûдпκεĻϲͬʱҷ΢΢ڷһָ߶ȽŵĽ϶ʲôش鼴˽ţȻſ϶׵İӣΪѾ˵Ҫ飬ӸĲӦǽŶӦǿοţûаżңûпһۣȷһôĿģ
Ҷ˵ԨЩףʵΪʲôô˵
үѾָΪװĸߣڸҪȡţȻ߶ûпһۣ˵һ̵˼ڰ鱾ϣԣҾˡ
Ԩ̾˵Ȼ򵥣ǣЩҶˣûӣΨ㣬ô̵ʱӦ֤ıˣ
Ҷǫѷ䡣һүһͺߵλ˭Ҿ书ܲ
һǸг棬Բ䵶һ˼ǳĹ죬ϤĺŵǸ¬۶¬ȥˣͻصһүİȫ۶ĳȡڽһֽ鶯֮ƣյӦ׳Կ
ҶƶǶƵƵͷԸԨĹҲһͷúз磬
Ԩֻ֪̾У֪ԼŻͷ֮ҲֻͣЦЦֵܣķӦٶȺܿ죬ʵʺ䣬ʹһ㣬ûйϵпˣָ㼸УһʦĶ֣
ٺ٣аڹæúܣҲ֪ûʱѧҶŲ˷ʱѧʲô书棬ʱ䣬ȻС椡˸ڡ
Ԩ֪Ҷʵ⣬ΪΪæûϵпյʱʱңֻҪóʱ䣬һָ㡣
ԨǷĵָҶԱ㱨үͬʱҲ˸ԨԼԨΪүϯ书Ȼ쵱ġң洫ѧǸʮ·Żͷǿǽһܶѧ֮ˣָܵһаƣҵҲϲúܡм֮£ѵָҶ书ѧҪ֪ҶͲѧ书ֻ»õˤȥ
Ķһֱ˳⣬Ŀ복ڱ׻ԶȥȻŸɢ˻سǡ
үҶеǰնȼݡҪȻɾ͡
Ҷæү࣬ǻȻǷ׻ѳ顣
΢Ц㡵ֵܻܺ˵̰
Ҳͷĸ׺Уξӣʵûʲôɸģ㸴飬ֻġװװӾˡҪģҪôʵٲҪô嶯
Ҷͷˡ
ֵдҵ飬ɥ֮ʹпԭҲûʲô˺ͲҪ׷ˡ
õģү˿˾塣һ취үģж£ٲҪǡ
ţҲȥæɣ㡷˳һ˷ȥˡ
Ҷվ﷢һŽǻؼˡ
ûϿʼ麫׵İӣΪүѾ˵úˣû⣬Ҫľ˼빤Сˣ׼ڼú侲һ£ȻȥԭίھȥͷϣòҪĽֻᱻһͨ


167 ˱ƽ
Ҷصң׼úϢһ£ȥæŵ飬ǣǲõеģȥңȴ
׼ʱ򣬹ʷʹȥʷϸ硣
Ҷһ䣺е˳Էʱ͵ģⲻǴ𣿡
÷ȴܸˣݵ룬ӰϽ޸Ҷһۡ
յʯԤ֮һӱǮˣһԼӶһסϳʽз㡣һҶȥ磬Լҵ
˳˹ʷĸۡ벻ʷһξȻӭӡҶЩܳϽǰʩ
ʷҲֻ񣬽Ҷӭ
ҶԭΪʷԷʱͣĿǽԼȥģ벻յĲûˣҲûйʷļˡֻһСµľ硣
ʷҶ֮һԵŮơҶ֪һιʷ϶ʲôҪԼûҲûмˡҲΪʲôֻҲ˵ֻǳԲ˺Ⱦơ
ʷƺأҲࡣȵһƶȹˣ˶˼⣬ſˣ̾һ͢ĴѾ·ˣվ͵ˡ
ҶϲǽϾͿԳԲˡҪ˵ϲɺأͻȻֹʷһϲûʲô˵飬òԾɻ
ʷ̾һεĴ⣬µ̰Ҳ
Ҷдϲһֻ©ҲûܾȽԪǲۣ
һкãȴһȻͻ֣̿ô
ðѰ˰Ӽұţ˵ǰ̷Ҫģǣȴ󳼲ͬ⣬˵ֻһ楡ˣѾӣʥϲΪ楡ʼǷΪӶ£˵ûأʥϼִ⣬մЭֻµˣ̺̰
ҶȻҲǳԤϵģʱ죬ԶԶûгʵ۵Ҳ޷޼Ȩ⡣϶һֻ̣Ժ޼ɱһԭ
Ҷֵ̿ضԹʷô֪ҾͲˡ
ʷڰ֣㣡˭Ҳ벻Ҳ֪Ԫӵ飬ԡ㲻㣡δֻ֮¼֮ڶд⣬ԣѾûа취ˣҲӡֻ
Ҷһֲ̿ӣȴ˵úܡ
ʷЦЦˣ˵ˡԾƣ˸˵֮⣬Ҫ˵һ£¡
£ɣ²÷ԸƫƫڼԾƵʱ˵ֻҲʲôϵ̨¡ô룬ȴϽһӣˣЦʷԸ
ôнģʵҹܵģ˵ֻ㡣
ңҶаЦʵֻҪԼɣ
ʷߣԥһ£˵үǸӣǺУξǸŮðд̣ҵ𶯺ܴǾ飬ǲ鴦ģԾҲ˽⣬Ҳ֪ǲǱԩġȻŮԸԼһҪ󸴲鸸׵İҾ룬л᲻ԩ
˵һ˫ˮҶ뿴ķӦ
Ҷһ˼ı飬ùʷ⣬ԼĻ˵ˡֽ˵ȻҲǷǳ˽⣬ǶҲһЩʱֵ÷зģҾͲ˵ˣ˵λУξǸûʲôˣͨУֻ²Լ⣬᲻ʹȻˣӲҸҾĵ飬Ҳ޳Īִ£Ƕˣӽ죬Ҿͷˣٺٺ٣
Ҷ⻰˼ȭʷģӵûԩûָʾһˮʯʱ򹢳ʷר
ô˵ȴƾʲôģƾһ˳ˮˣȻʱҲԿһ˳ˮҲˡ
ʷҶı̬ǳ⣬ҲҶҪĿģƵƵͷ°͵ɽӵðҿ԰ııϾǸıѵİӣش㵽ᣬвϵֻǲ׵ġ
ҶϽ¶һмѵ飬æֵллʷ
ԼֵܣÿģʷЦǺǵˣ˴ˡݶ֪ˣ֪ΪүǰĴˡǰ;Զ󰡣
Ҷ̿״ֵҵүĺ踣ûа㹦͡
ţ̰ܺˣЩҲòһ¡
ʷ˵
ÿһӶкܶᣬָĻᣬеĻǰ;еĻδء԰һҪڰĻᣬһ棬Ҫ쿴ЩᣬЩνĻᣬץס˲һǺ¡ڻᣬָոٳ֪еҪٽ
ҶһݣϺ˵Լ϶ǰ;Զ󣬽˵ʲôеĻץס˲һǺ£ҪԼǲ˵ҪԼҪ㡵Ĵ
ȻҶѧʷģרоƳķɵģƳҪ¼Ȼָơ㡺ܿҪùˣһüĴ֪Ҫȥǲ𣿲˵ӺܿҪùָĴ̨޼һҲҪùֻʱ⣡
ؼʱ⣬ԼҪöʷ˽⣬й޹˱ƽ㡵̨֮ǰҪģϵʱϣɵӡȻܸԼ㡵˵ӡġ
ӹʷղŵĻ֪㡵Ķ־ǹʷ˱ݣ͢ǵһȨ޼ɣԣؼҪЩΪԼ㡵ˣǵˣ㹻ˡ
ҶҲǳϻ̳ϿֻЩãȻӵǰǰٲ£ܶ鲻빢ʷָ̣Яء
ţ˵һ˲˵һѵʱһġĺˣ
ʷᵽԼˣһĻȻ£ԼҲҶϣģùʷǰԼǵˣ㡱޼ʱ򣬾ͲԼȻ鲻䣬ľòգԼɲ뵱ĵùӡ
ԣҶæűһģùʷǸˡ
˵ˣʷʹӴ輧ˡ߿ȡ
Ƶʷһ˫ҶЦֵܣĻ£𣿡


168 رĳ
ҶһЦûа۹еߣһҿϣҿϵ˼ֿҡǺǣ߲ɵͲֻͣϱҰ
Ӧӣһӵ飬ŵԣ۵ģֵĲѧǱһϺõ˼ҲСҪֵŵùϸңҵ԰ɫһ£οΣ
Ҷˣ˼ǰǱ˵ϱæԼͲסįһĵĳ÷Լʣ⹢ʷҲκϽ˵ҪԼɫ߶ڴϱưŮ£Լһߡ
ҶװһΪѵӣϸæɫȻòˡֻ
ʷһ£ʲôΪѵĵط𣿡
šģ˾ҲҵĻ£Ҳ˵Ҫɫҵġ
ʷЦˣԭ޷޷ɫģɫҵģȨ㿴ĸĸΣ
Ȼá˾˵ˣҵĻֻҾҵ֪ϸң᲻ˡ
ʷЦ˾Ҳ̫ܵ𣿼ȻˣǾˣϸɫϱ飬㲻˵Ҳ˵˾Ͳ֪Ҫɫ㿴ˣȢ˾ǣϸҲԵֻȢҶˡٺ٣ϸɫϱϵҪǲ⣬ǾˣٰɫģҪˣ͸˵Լеģû˽ܡŮҲҪ˵ȥⲻˣ
Ҷϲæֵ˿ɾͶлˡ
ʵϱ飬ҶԸԼΪǣ߶£ԼӦҲУңԼҲͨ˫ΪԼǵˣԼ޺ǲҪȢǽܵŮӣǾȨԼҪǶˣȢҲû⡣ؼǲ֪ʷڰԼɫϱȻɾ鷳ˡô˵ˡʷ̬˵֪Ҳͷˡ
һһ飬Ҫй¶ˣԼһҧûУҲԲ֤

ڶϣҶȥϰࡣ
Ȼ¬ϵɥѾˣ㡲ûϻָ¼ҶҲͻϰˡ
׵İ׼죬Ҳû󺫱ֻǩѺһЩõ顣ΪүģٳǵİӣԿҲûйʣҶԼֻǶκؾˡ
磬ҶûŵóԷǻؼҳԣСѾͷķ˸θڡ
ոճſڣ㿴һŲ̊£Ͻƺʮ磡ƶǶɵӣ֮ȥֻ棬֪ûʱ䣿
Ҷһϲˣʲôʱģ
ϵġ
̫ˣߣȥ
ſֵͣ֡
ѾõϢļְµʦ̫ſˡղЩ㲣ɵĲ١
ЩһֱҶӰӴĨȥƴش飬ְͨ취תעûн¡ǣҶӰǰʱΪѾžĺַصľˣС¹һͣѾ졣
Ҷȴûп߱ߵͨˣ벻ͨҲˡϽ첽ǰ˵ضͨƵҲﰡ㲻ȥ˶ɽ𣿡
վڻһֵʦ̫΢ЦʩѾͨʦֶЯƶˡ
Ҷϲֵϲϲͨ
ȻǿҶϣֵͨĸͨƺܸмֻʱܣߺƺʮҶһۣߵĻǡʾӦȸ˵ٸԼ˵ȻԼɲýǻ
Ҷ򣬲ǽŸͨƵùм⣬ϴǸʱŴùҵġ˵գӻȡСӣݸͨơ
ͨƽӹȦˡ
ҶŶԻЦǺǵˣðлЯͨơ
Ҷûһ˵ûǺЩʧ䣬ˣԼҶвûԼôҪ
仨ˮˮ仨
԰ʱҶڸԼ˵ˣûд˸ѳֻǿɬһЦʩ
ǰǶҶ磬ȴĿڽʩƺ˵Ĺϵ˲١Ҷȴ첻⣬ͷжӭӣӲС
Żִ۱Ҷ֮ŸżŮ
һ·ҵһѾƽһЩֻҪҶ۾ڼԼܿĽ£ʩ
˵ĸһжãֻǹæʱ϶ɽ䣬ˡǳ鲻ʱ䣬ٺ٣㲻Ҫְ
˵Ҫ϶ɽ̽ԼȻ⻰ֻǿףǷһϲһ˿ůӿ鲻Խ̧ۿһۣЦЦԼЩĻţߺˣæһݣ˵ðӴ̿¾ү˵ҪܵүˡԺæ͸ûʱ䵽ɽˡ
Ҷǰٵһ仰ѻеһɨգָˣְѶҶĳƺʩĸĳ硣
Ҷûעϸڵı仯ֻǺܸпôô죬Ƕ֪ˡ˵²ţ´ǧԼ鲻ǻ°ɣ
ޣҶԼ˼£˵û飬ЦԻǵΪ˸˵ɣ
ţΪе飬ѾЩüĿҪ
ҶϲФĳҵˣ
ǻͷһǼ϶µվ˳ȥŴϡ
ѹФĳһ治٣Ѿдˡ˵գӻȡһֽݸҶ
ҶӹȻ٣лвѪסַҶǳ⣬Իǵ̫ˣ˲ٹ򰡣лˣ
Ҷ˵ˣӵҶ֮󣬻Ǿȫ棬ץɳ·̽ϢɱǽɣƽʱעռϣԺܿͰϷ˻
ǼԼռҶ⣬Ҳ룬ֵˣЩ֮⣬һ漰ŵ˵ģҲǺܿ϶ǲڳҡ
ҶæֻҪɵģңŲ˾ͱпܶһųֻҪпФĳҵģҡ
Ǻðɣǵʱ׼ҵ˵س⣬ŵһ˸Ф꽻֣Ф겻УˡǸҲû׷Ҳ֪ǲд裬ΪȽԶûп϶ûдģǲ֪ʲôԭ֡
ţǸ˭
³Ǹ˵֣Ҷһһ£۾ˡ


169 ץ

㡸˵
˵̫ˣǺȻд̣Ҷ벻İֲүĴҪҲֻܹԼʡԼףǨŭү㣬ҪҶʱȼݣ밡ΣҪݺݴ⺫֪үģǾԲܷŹҲҪи̣үùܣҽҶ졣
ҡҡͷˣҵĻѾ˵ȥˣҶ취Ҫ£ҪͲҪ׷ˣ˵ף£ʱҴõ̫żˣ룬ҲԲɱġ
ү㲻Ǩ
㡰ڰ֣ˣ鲻Ҫ˵ˣѾˡ
̾һðɡ׷ҶҪνİɣү㰡˿㡲ϻŵı¡
㡵ͷ֪ĥǲҵĻţͨɣóʫʣҪǴȥʥϣʥһϲġ
ð̫ˣһʱ䣬úù۲һ£ĲܣʥƼȥһҲǱ֮ˡ
ֵҵܶ鷴ôˡ㽻аİӣĿǰǺ⡣ڵݣ¿Բհǰ˺󣬿ԷְҪǳΪҵĻţ¾ͱ뿼ҵˣţܶͲðˡκ飬ҽ죬ǽطţǱΪѣҪɲ죬϶ϣġǰӣǾŶԣֱӳаҽİӣҲͲùҲܲšյĽͿʵҵϣ
Ȼ˵أүôӽٳŻߴ󶼶ֱܰӽһа죬ԭеôĽүô㣿
Ҫģղ˵ġֻڣάԭ״£ͬʱҲٺúù۲һϾҪƼʥϣԲ۲һЩҲǺõġ
ţˡڲˣ
ҡҡͷڲҪڹǰôӦҪǾӹ԰ûеõӦе;ͷ߷߲ƽ˲ٸߣҲá
ͷүǵܵǲԹ֤һ֮ʣֻ̫ºܶ˶жʼ֮ĵģү߽ԣʹ
΢ЦΪ̫ӹ˰ɣ
ݸһЦүȻӢˣȵ۾Ϳүһ㣬үм̽ɽϧ޼ЩΪǵ棬үĴ¡
̾˿ڰ֣Щ鶼Ѿȥˣ˵
˵̴ӽүٳִҶ
һ£ˣ˭
ͷ⣬һúһ򡣡
üִ´ҲͰˣȻͷѾˣȴøҪﰡ׼ʽ
΢΢һЦִ²һçײˣ֮ôһģ֪ˡ
ãɣ
Ƭ̣ҶصƲͷлǺһͷʩ
ͻƲͷүǻ֣̿ҾֶҪȥˡ
Ҷ˻ǺǸ򣺡λǶ˻ʦ̫λصĸͷ
æͷǵƺʮʩ
ǿһЦֵܣǳһ
Ϊصһ𰸼гֵ֤֤ѹʲ¬ϵĻ۶ΪʾүǷץ
һûүʾԴ˵ץ̫˰ɣ
ҶϽʩ񣺡ͻүˡ
㡰ڰ֣ЦҪһչµˣܶͰ첻ˣ˵۶ǹɱ˰
ǵġ
ô֤ݣ
үµҴү֪ˡ
ţҲã۶
ҶæֵΪסүԨͳһɡͬʱΪүİȫһɲ׼ЯСھ˵г͢߹ڳҪǡ
ױͷĿչ涨үߣҲǿЯеġͻȻôУֻǻỳɡҶ飬Ҳ֪ܷеͨ
ûж˵ֻǵͷãִµ죡ҪЯ
ܿ죬ˣҶǣЩȣ벻ǳ͢߹ҪôЩߵˣ
صͲͷ۶Եһ¡ɿؿ˿ܣȻ֪ʲô
ҶһЦ۶үǧС㱻ɱڹ뷿ͬʱһнФ꣬Ҳ뷿ӣ֪飿
۶ޱ飬˵˵ФǱС뷿ͼǿСü𣿡
ǣϸֳФһѼǣ˿ڵĿȺȸǺϣ˿ڵĶҲϡ˿ڱȼƬк£һĿȻҪ΢һЩǼһࡣ壬γɵ˿඼ۣФ˿ڣȴһһɴ˿ɼɱФģǼǴκдүλսǴ̿ͣʱҾͷ֣ĳǵжָģ˿Ǻϵģ
۶ɫ΢΢Щѿ书ܸߣûαֳľ飬ûôϸҶץ˰ѱһƾͰҵ׷ĳȥˣõĺᵶ͸ҵһ
һԵĸԨѾҶе⣬廰ԣֵƵģеĺᵶһܺᵶ΢΢ģԱȽϿһ㣬ĳڳֱģȱȺᵶҪխĵҲкܶལ档ԣûƳĳûм
ԨѧңͷĻȻθзġһԵĳ濪ʼЩԲ׼Ԩô˵ˣҲʾͬ
۶ûмûУҪץң⿿֤ǲġ
ҶǵȻ֤ݣָָԱߵǸϸ򣬵λͷصĸͬʱҲǶɵ׼ҵӡͷ˵˵㿴
ǣͷϣҲļҴС㱻ɱϣոڣҳڳĿյϣڼսҴСϰ䣬Ǵģܶ཭ϵ顣۶үϵͬүڸ߶ҲΣϵ㡣


170 ͷʫ
ͷ۶ֵϾФ˼ǶѾעܾˣֻǲܽ£ûж֡ϵġ˲һٷĹФ겻УˡṦܸߣ׷ϣҲû׷뿪ʼһΪֻд裬Ǻ˺ֵ˵ˣܾɱļҴСФ֣뵽ƴɱһд裬ɱ
۶ǲԾűߺһԨסˣЦôߣ
˭ˣ۶ŭãҸФɱˣ˵ɱֻ²ܰɣ
֤ݣǻһ㣬ڣһһؼ֤ݣǾФ֤ԣ֤ɱ
˵˵۶ЦˣץסҶһֻʹţѾˣһģ˵
Ҷζһģô֪һģʬĽǿûж˵
۶ɫһ䣬ϵüһ԰ղŲ˵мŵİ
˵ФһѼţû˵Ŀڣû˵࣡ʬǸ߶Ȼܣû˵ȥҪ֣֪
ˣۣϹµ˵ˣ𣿡
㲻Ϲ£˵Ļ˵ʵ
㲻˵Фָ֤ɱôץסһ仰Ϊ֤ݣҪФ֤ɱģҾͷˣҪǲܣû֤֤ɱģ
ҶЦһ㵱Ϊ˲˵ʹˣļҴСĹ뷿ɱǵʱûпǽһʫ𣿡
۶ʱע⵽ˣҲҴҿһ飬ֻûĥҶôһ˵ʱоѵФһʫʲôʫôдţǲˣֻǵúдСΧźҶζ龰ٻ䣬ΪҶѾ˵ˡ
ҶʫļҴСѾ֤ǸФıʼдǽϵġҲФּ˱ȶԣ֤дġʫдģ
ϿɲҶ
ϷҶ䣬ϷҶ
ϷҶϣϷҶ
꣬۶ЩԻ󣬲֪ᵽԼ
ͨʫʣҵеĹؼϷҶϡΨ˶ߣٶ۶𣿣
۶һֻβŻèŴȥ
θҶѾõҶ⣬Эץ۶æ𣬿г۶ץȥ۶еһ˻ǵһץͬʱһ֣öǮֱ㡺
ԨͳҪÿζ󺫱дүʱӦĻҲܲүˡڶֵ˲䣬˵ĵһӦ׷۶ǲǵְ𣬶һүүǰ
ʱүб£ǶûЯͭǮǰ۶ȻͭǮǮүİȻڸԨͳ˵У˳ֽסöͭǮ
ǣ۶öͭǮڣΪүǳ˽⸵Ԩͳı£׼£Լûа취ǻ˵үȺοһ书ܸߵĶˣҪһ£˵ˣҲԳߡǣöǮڱסˣѾǵסֻһУץסҶΪʣ
ǣ֮ץҶ
ҲˣǰȣΪڴǸλá֮ǰҶѾ˵ҪǰæԼа취ӦԡҲ֪Ҷ˶ֵԣ˵ûж֡۶ֿȭҪץҶҶԱеġνң̫ǣҶˣԻǽغһСģ
δ䣬۶һֻѾץסҶֱۣһֻһץʺǣӭģҶʺ֣צһ֣ӭ۶ץһ
ͬʱʹһҽд
һҽУȻ۶ġƹѵ
۶벻ҶƾȻܷ˾޴ԶԼܿ⣬ƾȻˣ
Σңϥ𣬺ײҶС
ϥײ;Ҷӭϥǣ˵ϥ˵һ£صײһһҽУ۶ϥǾȻҶײˣ
ҶҪԿԼڹжǿѡӲӲȫǣ۶һһűзˡ
ƲͷѾõҶĽͳţ۶
벻۶ľɱ׷üΪΪʲôҪȥɱ
۶ͷ
ҶˣҪүӣүķԸǱ߱ǡ
үҶΪʲôҪصƽġϾҪһġ
˵ǽݵİӣݵĴʷǽݵĴʷݺͽƽġݵİֱϱ¸ϾͿˣҪܽݵİӣֻһǾΪү¼¼ǶѾİӽи飬İҪ֣ڷȱݡ
ˣҡҡͷȻڽطģǾͽˡѽ֪ˡ
ϽӦǰҶѾӵ֤ݽ͸ž֤ݺ֣ܳŴŵӸҶץү̣Ѱӽǳа죬һ
ҶüۣΪʲôҪԭӼȻɵģɱûȥɱˡл᲻ǣ飬ҶҪһӣӲǽɽô򵥣ҪֱӾв֮Ѻ⵽ع鰸ͿˣûбҪһˡҶĿģܿԼӣֱӽһû⣬һ棬Ҷӣ漰飬Ҳй¶ȥӦþǸղҶԼʹ⡣
ǣյ˵˼䡣
ͷӼȻִƵģǾִ½Ÿˡٳصִ°ӣûɣ
æӦˡ
֪үϵɵģ͸е˼֣Ҷа죬⣬ʲôοүľҲᰡ
̶֮Ѻ۶ҶȵſڵԼˣԨͳˣҶվ˹Ԩ̾벻۶ȻɱФ굽ǿ˵ùȥһʱƾ޹ɱļҴСʲôûɰ


171 Ѷ
ҲǣҲֵҪİүҲɻԲֵܸ
ԨͷҶ벻ֵ֮ܵǿղһֵܻԿأ벻㾹Ȼˣϥײˣֹ˵ʵûеġ
ҲǰˣϴҺдүֵΪ˾Ȼүú󱳵˺һƣʱһΪûȫֵûˣ벻ȴֵлڹûˡֵܣôģ
Եɺ϶ѡȲ˵ˣҵλһ顣
Ԩ¾˵
Ҷ۶ͺܽƹҹѰֻ̾˲죬λǸˣܲܽҼбƹİ취
ԨͳЦˣԨ˻ҪƹǾȻ練ơҽһֵѨַܼ򵥵ǺܹáˣҲܲס˵ġ
˵գԨѨ˹ķҶ˵ˣҶʩչȷСƣܿѧˡ
Цˣһкģҿɽ̲Ҹһܣ԰Ȱ۶й
Ŷ˵
ѹ۶ϲߵһŮѩ硣һֱֺ˼ҲһֱơҪ˵ŮȰ˵۶ύ
ԨЦʲô⣿ΪʲôҪһŮ˵Ļ
ЦˣᣬǶ˵ͻᡣϾһЩǺܳһ׵ġ
Ҷͷ⻰ûǲ֪۶ǲˣԿ֪ˣлλָ㡣ǣ
ҶתҪߣȴԨסˣһ飬ҵһֵܡ
Ҷ˵֣أæ˵
ǳ񣬱ȵֻûмǣֻǻǲ˵ġҪ۶㣬ֲ֪ǿץסַҪǶ֪ǿͲô׵ˡңʹñиԾڹٸߣҲܵǹɣ㶯书ڹȲúԶ֪ϸ֮һѰһҪɱҲѡԣϸ㣬似㹻֮ǰҪ¶ն񣬺ܶ˶ʼɱ˵ı£ûг𣬼ڹô߶似ôֻ±֡˲ˣ϶úܣСĲܳŵ괬
ҶͷһݣԨ˵ĵȷʵԼǰûô࣬ԺüӱСģҪ¶Լĵϸ
뵽Ҷһ񣬵лѣСܽġ
Ԩļ򣬵ڹ˻Ҫѧ似ܼ򵥣Ǿ仰пңָ㡣
л
ҶлԨǳǵſڣһЩɵŮᣬǣſڡҶ˹ȥ
Цֵлֵܰæƴ˰ҪȻͷʹġ
˵ѾˣѶүҰ죬ˣȥٳãסվңѶˣȫƽöϰɺã
úãͰֵ˵İ졣
ǰŵѺ۶ٳţռࡣ
ۿ˳ɣǺοҶǣҪضɽȥˡ
Ҷϵعֵл˶ṩϢ˵۶ߵƴɱһû뵽ȥϾʵûʲôҪȥɱФļҴС㡣ңұ뵽쿴ڳĳʱҲֳ֪һĵܺȷΪФļҴСǽϵʫȻ֪֣ٻͷʫͺеˡԣ˹ؼá
ݸһЦ΢΢Һ죬ԺҪõǶɵ飬ܷԸǡ
ȻǲġҶЦǺǵ
ǺһҶŵͷʮ˵һǣ²ȥ
ҶıӰʧԶŰĿ˻
ƲͷóһǮлǸͷͷϲлҲˡ
ȥվסҶʼѶ۶
ǳӺܿǣʲô飬ŰʾҪֱӽأԼֱĿﵽˣҶԸ۶Ѻһ䵥Ѷҡ
ɣѶһ̣ǣչ涨Ӧڴ֮ϣɸ󰸵ӡѶǣӡ֮ǰһ㶼Ҫ̷а참óдʣ㱨֮ӡٲʰСԣռ֤һ㶼̷ģҪǲԶѶȨƳּ֮£ܶసûа취ġǣضбͨİ취ڼεؽѶʹõ̾ߣҲͲ޶֣廨ʲôС
ٳصѶҲбƹ¼ȡڹʱõģһЩõ̾߶С
۶Ϊ书ˣŴרŵѶңдùǵڼ̵ĴʯǽϡùǱ书ٸҲò佫ùǴ֮뿪ѶֻҶһˡ
۶һֺֻһֻŶˣҶûôθơ˿Ѿ׵ϸߣ˾ʹ۶ȴûзֻǵʯĵϣ˫ۿڼҶ
Ҷǲ˷ʱˣҲҪұƹľģԣ㻹ʵʵóԿࡣ˵һ£ôıɱФСģ
۶ѵһˮ˵ФļСĹ뷿֪ҪŮҾҵץסͽٸ书ȻˡṦܸߣ׷ϡҵȥļҴС㣬͸ȥļҴСĹ뷿û뵽ѾСɱˡս֮£ɱҵ˵αֳ
ҶЦô˵㲻ûУйˣ
̸ϹͣûܾļҴС㣬Һź
۶ֻ֪ҪһҧԼûɱļҴС㣬ɱФоö࣬Ͼǳ
Ҷ⻰ֻƭѾ֤ФȻĶǸļҴСȴã˽ܾˡСѾҲ˵ˣСѾ͸¶˼ҪλФҪ˽ͨҲľܾΪФûɱļҴС㣬ͼǿɡ⣬ɱļҴС㣬дװʾɱʫʲôȻ򲻹ӻС뷿֮ѾԤе׷ɱԣʫΪ֤ݡϸ֤Ǵ˺һŰߵģǣСĹ뷿ֻǽҵһµĺۼסԱߵѾҲֻ֤˶ײǽڵû˴ƴֻ˵һ飬Ǿڹ뷿ûнʲôս͵Ϯĵ⣬ĲɱС㣬ղŸҪүѡԣҿȷ϶СФ궼ɱģαֳ𣿡


172 ƹ
۶йˣԼҲ֪ԼĽԷˣҶ˵λ֤ݳ֣ûٽƱ硣ղǶȻ˵ԼıɱФС鱩¶һߣûϸ룬Բϧ˺үİ취ˮͼߡдүҲѾˣϲӣûд
ǣ۶ͷðɣйФ֮ǰѾٸˡ֪Сһֱ֮Ҿ͹ӵС뷿ҸȥǹȻǵ˵۶˵Ҫߣ˵ǽϵʫСļȻСȳһƻ衣ͬʱһֱӴĿڡ벻һ׷һ֮ǰγ˵ҿķˡȻˡҸϽѻСϷţѾߵĽŲûʻֻصȥˡҰСڴϣǵĿαװǿȻФĵ߿һѼФĿڵ˿ʱФһΣСФõֳ̲Ϊ֤ݡαֳҾˡ
۶ĽҶԤĲࡣѶĹؼҪģ۶ΪʲôҪɱФꡣڿɱСֻΪαֳɱФĿģȻĿľԲʲô壬ҪȻͲɱСαֳԱˡ
û뵽ҶΪʲôҪɱФʱ۶ûʲôɣѡ˳Ĭ
Ҷ˼飬۶˵һ䣺㻹ǲҪˣҾˣԴҶкôҪȻ˵ҶãαأеʧõĽ
ҶѾ뵽˺϶ʲôܣҲ֪ܿ϶ǣڼϣòˡ
Ҷ̾һʲô˵˵֮һȻҪ˵ٻͻԴĿͷң
ǸҲ˵Ҳƭ㡣
ֻжˣ
۶һЦô£ʹ˵գ۾
Ҷߵǰעָ⣬ϼѨ۶оǧֻϿʳԼ͹ֱѶɵľʹҪܰٱʹ˺ÿһ磡
۶ҽ۾϶ǡԨ˵̡
ֻ˵޷ܵʹҲ˵һ֣ʣֻ˺ѷεĲҽУ쳹Ѷҡ
Ҷ벻һбƹֶ۶Ӳܣҽе˵Ŀֲ֪ʹǶôܡ
ҶҪԸй͵ͷ
۶ûǣֻǲҽԼƶСȦ
۶ܵĥԼĻҪֲһٱ
Ҷֱ֪ƹҪʹöã᲻ᵼʹݿ˶۶ǲ״ֵѨˡ
۶ʹشţǰĲҽУɤӶˡ˿̣ȫһڵϣʺʧˣһɵĳζ
ҶΪʲôҪɱ۶Ը˵𣿡
۶û˵ǣҡҡͷ
Ҷٴֿ̡ǲҽٴѶ
һֱѶڣҶĶ䶼Ҫ۶Ĳҽˣգ۶ͷʾԸй
ԨҶֱƹΪʹݿˣ߻һֱܵ˺ѼѪƵľʹȴȥڻǰٽ־ʹʹȼߵġ۶һֱôòӲˣҪøԨ֪ˣ϶Ĵָ
۶ʹشϢ˺һᣬɳƵɤ˵ţҪ֪
ҶԵһЦԼָ
˵۶¶һͬɫȻ֪Ҿ˵ϣ㲻Ϊڡ
ƨĻ࣡˵
ãҰ֪е鶼㣬֮ɱФ꣬ΪڣΪҰһ飬ṦܸߣҼߵģҪ飬Ҫ֪˲СҸ˺ܸߵļ۸顣ӦˣԤһĳ𡣵ǣûгϣĽҪһĳһûаҵҪǼ飬İˡҸǮ˵Ҫ֤֮˵İˣֻǱԭûгǸҾ͸ʣµһ룬Ҫ֤ûа죬һɱӦˣʮʱǣû죬Ϊ˼ҵץؽŴΡСĵص֮ȷȷǰ£ǺżȻˣûгԤĽ
Ҷ㾿Ҫʲô飿
͢ղ󳼣λղǡʷةУ೤޼ɵĸҪȥͣҪ鷿¡Ф飬ǰһ鷿ϡ
ʲôҶо
۶ѵشһ
ҶĿɿڴɤð̣ɬһˮ㡭ݺı
۶ͷشϢš
۶Фһ֤췴Ķ鷿ʷةҪ鷿¡λǳ޼ɵĸ޼ǰı㡵ˣѵ۶Ф飬ǳ޼ɵ⣿
Ҷûֱʳ⣬ñ֪ԼѾȻʵΪʲôҪݺү
ǴˣôףȻԼ⡣
˭⣿
˱ݣ
ˣԼ벻˱ǳ޼ɵĸһεģݣֻ¾Ϊ˼㡣Ĳϵġı֤ݣ͹ݺķŰıȥ
ͨؽڣҶ뵽ӣָʹرˮʦ̫ɱڰΪڸĲ˽ͨ¬һֱΪʲôĲðȥ¬ΪĲܵ˱ݵָʹͼͨ¬ΪԼˣӶһߣԱ㡵ĺڲϣǾȫԽˡҲ˵Ĳʵܵ˱ݵʶΪʷӷܵԭֻ˱ݹ£ĲȻĲոչ¬ãͰ¶ˡ˱ݻûи´Ĳ֪Ϊʲô˱Ҫ¬ԩ
ô˱ݡʷһֱڰ㡵ĺڲϣ׼Լյʷ֪ʶӦǳ޼ںı
޼ɶԾ㡣ʷϣܣڣԼڰ㡲鳤޼ɵı
ҶԽп࣬⻹һ鷳飬漰췴飬ǶŪþҪԴģ˭ûжԴֻгɰܡԼҪⳡУǻ鷳ˡ


173 
Ҷ粻۶ЦôˣѾѹˣԼҪġڣⶼˣ
˵ƨҶûһ䣬˵أôûбʷةз֣
ͨߵһŮġ
Ҷһ뵽˳˵۶׷ߵѾѩ硣ʵһѾߣʲô֣
ѩ硣ϲңҾæ顣
Ȼѩ硣۶˵ѩ׷˵۶׷ѩ磬ӳƶϣ۶˵Ӧʵ飬ѩ練׷۶֮ǰѩ۶˼֮۶ѩָ飬顣
Ҷ˵
ãѩ֮˵ʷة֮ǰȥ鷿һ飬鷿ʱ򣬴һǲ֪ʲôʱɫǳĽźͺ¡ҿ϶зٺʼеȥ鷿ˡ̿˼ص㻳ɵѾߡҿһ飬Фȥ飬˶ж֤ûʱ䣬ûлɵҡûв鵽ʲô֮ʼ˵齭ϵ֪ˡȥҪ鵽Фϵġұ׼ǱΰФŪһ˲ȥأҿԲȥģ˵ȥߣȥˡҵأȴõϢ˵ФѾԽˡ֪һҪʣµһǮģҹع¶棬ңȻ˸һس档ȥˣ͵Ϯ벻ܻҵԤı
˱ΪʲôҪݺ
Ҳ֪ôҾˣûˣٳϵ˶֪˱ݣûӡҲΪʲô˵ԭ˵Ҷ
㲻֪𣿡
Ȼ֪ҲǱǰǵϵģ±ץˣ˱ݰŪ˳ҸĻݣ֣Ȼ󱣼ҵүһֱҪֻѾˡȻЩұ÷ϰҡұ˱ݵķˡ
Ҷа룬ֻǸʱ˱ݾѾҪڲϵ뷨԰۶үߡʵʱûڳ
ûСôܻˣ
׼ģ
ǵġ
ûгɹ֮㱨ûУ
֪ûгɹģȥˡҲ֪ģȻȥФʡ
Ҷַϸڣд˿ڹ۶ǩֻѺ
뿪֮Ѿҹˡ
Ҷûе̫شˡֱү
ûֱүΪо㡸侲Ҳȸá
ܿ죬Ҷ鷿
ƽǣҶóڼеĵǣΪҶôҹʳʲôҪ顣Ҳҹϴ
鷿ֻһˣ֪شҲǱˡңҶ
ҶҲͳ˵ó۶Ŀڹݸ
գ籩꼴١ãſڵʱ鷿ʱҾͲµݺүˣ˭ݺүҲ֪ҰѶˣǣµҪǲ黹ᷢҿʼе飬ûн벻Ұѽҵˡԭ˱һˣߡ
˵սȭͷǣɿˣõͳ˱ݲ⣬ĳ޼ɣȨѬ죬ʵ۶û취Ҫ˵үˡҪ˱ݣ޼ǲԹ۵ģر£֤ݱȽԣұͷ
˵ĿҶºܵҺү㡣
Ҷ￩һ£֪Լƥǿɲʲô£϶иҪҪԼȥ죬ֲʾӣֻӲͷƤл佱ү£ҵҡ
ţΪµ»㡣
Ը
˼Ƭ̣ŵȻ˱УҲֻ֮֮취ӽǣȡǵΣȻǵıԱүԵضԸǡ֪֪˰սԶߣҪҪߴ磡ҵԷߴ񣬾ͽ㡣Ը𣿡
Լ˱ڲϸⲻԼ׼ɵֻԼΪ˱ǽԼΪǵˣԱڼķŰıвڱ϶Ϊ㡵ŶǣԴǰԼʷǽӴ㡡ٵķо鷳Ƿ˱ڲǾ˳һˣ
˯ͷҶˬ
ֻǣˬǾԲܱ¶ģҲˬӦȻͲõĸмҲԵ̫ƽǻȡҪˮܶˡ
ԣҶΪ״һ˼
ûΪҶûʹӦʲôã෴ҶԽԽҶһ̹ϵˣеΥĵ񣬿ʵ͵ϣߺŪ£ȥ顣ҶܰǱֳֵ̹Ρ
ǣɣ֪ºܲð죬кܴգŪñ˿ܻΣģֻҺү֪͵©ĸˡңҪǰ£үȥ˱ݡʷд̣үǲġ
ҶϽȻô˵ˣǾϵɽ»𺣣ĳҲǣǰүҲ
ϲߵҶǰصͷûˣ㲻ṼҺү
ү˿ĳĳͿأԱүأҶĻһء
ţͷΪ˾컻ȡǵΣ͸©һЩϢǣҲƷһЩǮƣҪʲôܸ˵ʲôϢֱӸҡҪͨˡ
ǣˡ
룬ֵǸ۶ţ취ŪҪ©ϢڸǸѾѩ磬
ɱˣҶͷͷЩɣɲʲôò£ô˵Ǿ֤ѾԼĸҪԼ¶һĳɣͻĲ¼ɡǣҶ֣صصͷİɣһ׵ġ
š
ԼȥʲôĪǡ
Ҷ˹ȥ


174 £
̧̯ԼҶ֣̿Ͻͷҿ
ֳѾһǶ鱦ʯذףݸҶذȻʲôУȴҲǷƷү£Ķգذ׸ɡ
ԭҪͶԼԼˣҶЦæ˹Ҳҵ쿴Ͻ˫ţл
ȥɣһСģ˵գаһ֣ᵧȥҶͷЩҳ
жȻû˿ͬذԼĵܵһ㡣ҶһůðһԸڼĴԼһҪ뷽跨λȫ
Ҷϸ鿴ذףý˿ƶɣǶ鱦һֵ֪ơٳذײ鿴ֻɭɭӺܷ׷ʲô̶ȣǲ࣬ҶҲÿԿĶɲŪ˿ɾ鷳ˡϽذ׷Ž
ȥ·ϣҶĥôŪ۶۶ɱС㣬ҲӦáβܲ¶ۼ죬ɵúúĥһ¡Ҫ벻¶ۼõİ취ǽ赶ɱˣ۶ФһԼֻҪϢˣһо͸㶨ˡģȻֻйʷ˱ݣԼ˱ݻû쵽԰ϢĵزǹʷȴǺܺʵġѾԼˡ
˴Ҷ˹ʷĸڣ˵н
ҪǰȥʷﻹЩģ֪˲ˡڲһˣԼӽǣͳĹˣĽУҪܹؽУø֪ԼʷǹϵУͲڼٵĴΪڻƷ
ʷŷ֪ҶʷǹʷǰĺˣʷѾԵΣԲҵѣͨȥ
ʷС檹Ѿηɱľ˺һӣûʲôŽˣ˿̣§һС֮˯Ů˵ҶһӾˣϽ·С˵Ҫߣһƿˡ
ʷҶɫأľңϷţʵʲô𣿡
һ飬ҾúܺҪҹ򹢳ʷǱǸŹʷϢˡ
޷Լֵʲô£
Ҷѹ¼ʱӦ룬һӣļҴСһФɱĹ뷿ͨƣҵףȻ۶İ
˵ҶԵظоʷȫһ£ˣȻ˱ݽ۶ģλʷһ֪飬˵ҲĻ֮һҶΪԼж׼ȷˣͨܰ˱֪ҲͿԴﵽĿġ
Ҷ˵Ҹȥүץˣ۶Ҳɴ࣬ɱСФʵֻǣΪʲôôȴû˵ǣүָҰ˴ȥѶϧֶҲҪһΪʲôҪɱˡϾ漰үϵˣҪɱ˵ԭίֱģ°첻ãѾ˹Ѻٳˣʲô˵ֻôˣ׼ϰѺ⵽ȥѶϴϸ˵ô鲻ðģ;㡣ﲻ̤ʵˣҳ⣬ô˵Ļ
Ҷװһé®ʲôӣĳ򹢳ʷֽ̡ҲݣϾֻм£ȷ֣漰үϵˣ̿ǿ϶ģǰʷεССӦѾ׽ˣˣҲǺġ⹢ʷҲûκλɡ
û¶κοڷ磬ֱӴ˴ߣܴߵġܶ˲֪ˣʷ˱ݵĲ֪ϢڴҶ֪֮󣬲ɵôһҲнңǰСͳԷ£ʾϱԻҲ˵顣Ҳü۶˵֮ǰɱڣ
ʷ⣬Ҷܺã뵽ϸܺáϸȻδܳʲô⣬Ͼϸ˺ܶ飬˵еô
Ҷϲ״æʩ񣺡лʷʷһǺܺõġ
ٺ٣ʷЦүν㣬ǾǶΡһҪ뷨跨ڡµľû˫֮Ǹ⣬Դ֣ԷΪвῪڵġϸһ˵ġ˵ܹáԿ
ҶаСӻ湻ģæһȻʵӣæʩʾлȻ뿪
֮󣬹ʷԸҹϵ˱ݸϡ
˱깢ʷĻһƬƬ̣·ϸɵ۶Ҫ֪ġ
ʷæӦˡЩģʣ۶᲻Ѿ齻ˣ
˱룬ҡͷ۶ҺĹͷӲײῪڵġңҪ۶Ѿ˵˳Ǳ߲ûκζҲ˽⣬ȻЩıԣǲ׳סҪָ֪ʾ۶˸ݺͼıһץҷġûУ˵黹ûб¶۶סǱƹӦʲôû˵
ʷͷҲôģҶɵС˿۶죬˵۶ûн
˱ݵ밲ߵˣһĶˣڣ㡶ҶݵһӺܿأҪ£Ƕ㡡ûһЩѪģҪû
ǣǰѹ˵ʲôƵģξơŵһϱЦˡǺǡ
˱ݵܺã׼˭ҵĹŮ
ʷˣԲٺ֪˲ǵˣٲǵˡǾˣͻԶҶǵļƻˣԣĥ˺ܾãԾ򸱵Ů˵
ĸ򸱣
ʷѹ˵鱣ǰ̵Ǹ򸱡
ʷˣҲɣǺУξڵԾĸְҲ򸱣ֹܱ߾Ѳ߷ĹǺУξ˾УξΪıﱻ㡴ҪٲҲطеıеı̡λ򸱸߾Ѳߵֱ쵼Ҫе쵼Σаְǧ˱ݵһλĻͬ磬ͨλĻŵϵؽ˱лߡ˱ݱͨϵҵ˰ӵĶķܣ˽ؿڹ֤ʣ˵ͷ⺫Уξ⣬̰ν鳷ʱûеõϼӣճˣӦе쵼Ρǣ˶оסĹְλ˶˱ݸм㡣


175 
û֪ʷ˱ݵĸ֪顣ʷҲ֪λһŮмɫֻϵӰ죬СϲǹŪ֣ѾʮûżңΪ˭ҲҰλӶʨȢؼȥ
˱һƵƵͷλ򸱲Լߵˣµˣ㡱㲻ʲô¼ɡԼ˽ĴæסĹְԼףһӦҲͨϵ£ͬʱҲ£Ҷˡ
˱ݵİ취ܺã˵˵ˣͿԸҶ˵ˡ
˴Ц
ڶ硣
Ҷ칫ŷż˻Żŵؿ첽صˣһصһʬ壬ʬĺ󱳣һ֧
沿ǱѺصİ۶
֣̿ŷ˵Լ˵ˣˣִ£۶˰ɱˣ
ϵʱҶȥվ˵۶ʲô˵Ѿ˵ˣѰ۶ѺѶϽİѺѺ򰲡˻˵۶ɱԼļƻ˳ʵˣкǵ⣬ȴ־ȣô£
ϣѺⰸ۶ؽ򰲣ʱ·һƬ֣ΪȣϢϢʱ򣬲֪һ֧۶ĺģˡ
Ҷȵ۶ү书൱ģôᱻһ
ѺȥʱΪߣõǶõġ
ʵҶ֪ʡչأһҪʹһʽģԴֽŶ̶书˵ùǱסģʩչ书ԳֳɵİӣһҲͲϡˡ
Ҷ׷أץûУ
ɥ˵ֽ׷Ѿˣûκ¡
ʵǵʱŻˣе˶ſڵϱԴȥʲôһֱ˺ð죬ûж˰죬ŴŵСеһͨϸϻݱˡ
Ҷϴȥ
һҲһ˵ٳؾڳ飬һߵ컯֮¹ȻɱûˣʣǷĵطٳǣҳ漩ֻ²ðɣ㻹ݸǳЭֵˡ
Ҳ֪أ֮ҶΪ漰ǰүѾҶа죬ȻתԼǻҪһµĺáæ۹Ҷ
ҶȻ뷨ɣȥݸȥүүôָʾ
Ҫ𰸣ϵͷӦˡ
ҶֱȻ
֮ҶŵѾףѾ۶һ·ˡղصѾʬ˻ˡȥݸȥˡ
⣬ͷܺãºҺ⡣һүģֵ飬һύǣ̫¹򣬷ҲһӦô˷ĺˡ
ҶϽлﰵЦɱ˵ǹʷǣԼȴ˹ͣժӵϲơ
ȻүȻʾҪףȴСҲͲ֮ˡ

ǰæˣҶʼ캫ıѵİӡ
ȥ˴󶼶ҵԭӵĸ߷ܵȡڡҶӵ¼飬Ѿʽ֪ͨλ߷ܡҶðү飬Ѿݣ֪ҶүǰĴˣԸ߷Ӵ
Ҷ˳õ˾ڣҲûжʣͻˡ
ǩѺоڡƳİһдеİʵܼ򵥣ĸެ߾Ծı߾еһλУξ٣Ƹެ֮һα߾ѲߡһѲߣެ߾ǧެΧ⺫Уξ̰еͶȻһ˲űǲͻ˴ơŭ죬Уξã˧һձΪûӺУξָͶУξˣǱȵģûбһͶźУξһ𱻴¼ٶȶܵ
֤ʶ֤ͬУξеͶģУξҲԼġң֤֤ʵԾͷ̰ϼҪ󳷻֤Ҳܳ֡
Ҷڣ뵽Ѿ˺üˣǺĻҲĥĲˣžһ
ҶûаѺѶΪҪƹʵҲҪʲôֻҪϢߣϢߣؼģ˵ﻰ˵ˣɧҲˣҲͲ಻ˡܶϷû֮ôַãܶʱֻΪеԹû˵ûеطй
һҶ׼ֻ䲻졣
ҶںϣǰļϷŽ׼ĹϹеؿأĺȥˣô󣿡
ŭҲĲ㣡
Ҷҽ˵Щģ㸸׵ԩġ
ַŭתΪһЩʣʲô˵ģ˵ˣҲûã֪Ҹ򣬲ܸҸƽġ
Ҷ˵㸸ԩֲϸ˵Ҳ׶ˣүѾӽҳа죬㲻˵ִ˭˵أ
ͻȻݺݵˣôİңֻҵЦҵıˣȥҲ㣡
ҶñӶˣԭΪ⺫һͨ˵׵ԩԾֻйˣٰοһԱСû뵽˵Լһͨվã˵ģҸ㣬㸸׵ľѾϸˣûκ⣡⣬㸸ôԩҲŮĲԸ˵Ըԩߣ
˵գһתߡ
ţЩٵģǴһӣΪͲȱ˵ļ򣬰ǲú
ǸӣҶݺݵš
뿪ΣҶصǩѺˣҲȥȰⲻʶôĺѺһʱ䣬ͨˣ̬Ⱥתˣٸ̸һΣʲôʱУд±֤飬ʲôʱٷȥдүصû⡣үȻ˵˲׷д̵飬Ҳû˵ʲôʱ˾Ҳûʲô⡣
ҪѺڰյҶͷ


176 
ɢõʱҶյһǹʷʹģȥԾơ
Ҷ룬⹢ʷôԼУξӵ̫󡣹ģ˾ȥоƺǲҪġ
ɢûؼң÷һҶ˵ʷԷǸˡɲ֪ʷ˱Ǹֻ֪ݸŵĳԼδɷԷǺӵ飬ظҶһֶʽϡ
Ҷ˳˹ʷĸڣһЩǣվӭģйʷ檣⻹ˡһӣĿΰһһλŮӣмɫǾֹϣλӡ
ʷЦȵعҶ֣ߵӺŮǰֵܣϸҸһ£λǱ߾Ծ򸱣ǧںڹλλҸ˵ٳִҶݵһӣ߲ʫҾͨɣϰǰЩӣǴӴ̿ȹүſǰ;
Ƴ߷ڱ߾кܶ֡һָӹٽ򽫣ְ򸱡λ򸱣ҲԾĶ֡
һԾҶһæϴдүĸŮӺҶ׺УξԾˣҿ֤ʣ˾ִ̰ϼҪ󳷻λؾǽɣ
ЦЦǡ˵ڸ˰¼
ǰүҳа죬ʵǾеİӣӦɶķܸ¼ǣң˵еİûн¼⵹ЩΪѰ
򸱵˵үذѾ˵ãݵһӣõүأʷ˵òǰ;
Ҷæǫѷ˼䡣
תԼŮ࣬ݼӣ
ںǹʷӺС檣ҪںѾԼҲƵĹˣ´һҶͦͦѾܱʵ˫壬ʣҪ˵ɷǸˣ
仰ʱó˶εò֪˵ʲôˡǰʷѾĿĸ򸱸Ů˵ˣҪǣߴŸýںҶס鱾Ҳˣû˻ᵱԷ˵ġ벻λںԸ̹ϣȻֱ˵˵˳һʱΡ
Ҷһæ򹢳ʷ
ʷϽһ⣬ֵܣ˱ݻأϽȥɣ
˱ҲˣΪԼĻ£ңҪԼ˵ϱλĺŮ
ҶƳһۡҲҪǱŮӣԣϾͻתͷȥģλãʲôϡһ㣬ֱҶû˿ɬܵ˼ҶŪЩ˼ԼĿˣﰵ⣬Ūôһ
ҶŹʷ㿴һɱͷеϣ΢ЦſҶ
ҶϽǰʩ񣺡μ˱ݣ
˱ЦǺǵֵܣľܲʫʱ̨ϺĽѰ
ҶҲЦô˵˱ҲǾˣ
ЦˣʱܺȼʹˣȲˣչʷλиˣ򸱺ıŮɶǾкܣרֵܺȾƵģһҪȸʹ찡
ȻλŮں˵εĻλ˱ҲˣԹ˵ֻͬȾƵġ׵顣Ҳͱܿˡ飬ֻ˵ģҪ˵ҲǱ˵һͿżɽֱ˵˵
ҲΪŮľٶ죬ղһֱݺ۵˿˱ԲһæȭӾôãֻǱȲģҲϲȾƣرǸֱֺˬһȾƣǺʹ飬һҪúøֵܺһ
ںƺ͹زסȻղŸѾݺݵˣȴΪԼ˵ʲôһ£в廰ûʲôģ϶ûȥˣ
úӶˣҪǳ⣬ҶѾЦڹ˵ûҵľʵڲֵһᡣȻ£ɲҪЦ
ô˵ѾԴ⣬ƣȻῴ˭ȥ
Ҷôһ˵ղŵεǼ˲١
ʱʹӹ˵Ѿ׼ˡʷµѾ£λɣ
ãһʢĲ˱ǣ˷ֱȻٱ
һľҪΪҶģΪ£ԻȻȤˡ˱ݺ͹ʷ˵ĶһЩʫʸ踳ģҶʫϵЩʫƪ
򸱺ں࿴ӶǲͨīĴˣһ仰Ҳ岻졣ֻͷȾơ
ںͲסˣȵ⣬žƾҶιˣ㲻˵Щʫʰɣҿɾ㣬ˣҪڹǰקģҴӿɲģ
ʱ䣬շǳΡ򸱸Ҹطȥ֪λִȻֻһߵСС˼˱׵ģ϶˱ݷǳصˣ˼ݵһӣү˱ݶصˣԼֻһĸְҪǴҪܽףӦǸˡ²ɣҲҶˡԼŮ֮ǰѾҪľһЩǸãô˵ô˵
Ҫһ£벻Ҷȴֻ΢΢һЦûκգںڹӦòɣ
ȻˣҴСҵϰ䣬ǹꪸṳûвģôʶʶ˵գȭͷ
򸱴ǳ࣡ʲô
Ҷڰ֣ŵǲ书ģǺʶһ¹աɣҲ˵һЩʫʸ踳ģƵģҪɣҸġȭңһȭҾͺһУͺһΣ
һҶǹ֪ͣԼŮȭŵȫһȭһͷţҪ˵Ҷ²Ҫˣֻ»£Ͻɲɣ򲻿ɣ
ںȴѾվģҲģҲˡ
ʷҲæ֮ϣͲҪǹŪˣҪоˣ
Ҷֵû£֮ϣˣҲǳ£Ӧòڹ˵ҵġٺ١
ںһģղֻ˵ģǲģ˲ԱýģӣҲø˲
˱ҲΪΣæ֮£˰ɡ


177 ñ
ںȴ۵ǲУھ͵֪ҵõʱű۸
¸˿Цá
ʷ檸ϽԲڹֵݵһӣǿ˹ʺˣҪһѹȢֻжԹ۰мӵģô۸أǶˣ
ô᣿е˾ǿ˹ģ˽²֪ж໵أöˡ˵ˣȾֲ˵ģ˵ġҪǲУǲǱСˣڣôȰȰأ
ںĻмֵսĲںҶǹʷַȰҶֵܣյһμ棬ͲҪ˰ɣоֲ˺
Ҷڰ֣ǲǱ䣬ңֻǶôбأǴƣ˭˭Ⱦơ˵ˣԿ֪ǵңˣֻҪҵɣͷظǾ䣬ֻһСȻҪһûɣˣ˭˭ͰһʣµľƶȹˡΣ
һжʤֻǴӮͲˡҶôߣ˱ҲͲڷԡа룬˵һ򣬷ˣǺ£
ҲģŮֻ࣬ƴӾͿˣԲ׼ȭͷơΪɲ㣡ס𣿡
ںͷסˣ˵˲ġɣ
⹢ʷҵúܿϼϯû⣬طǿŵģ㹻ʩչֽš£ںߵվҶ˹ȥǰվס
ں׼𣿡
ԶˡҶϾ
ںһЦժͷϵñӣ㲻Ӯ
Ȼ㣬ժҵñӣҲȡҵͷⶼ㣬ǻʲôأ
ǺãҪͷϵñժˣ
ҶͷϵͷЦЦȤþǡ
ںںӣʱѸ׵ľԺˣһѾ⣬ҪͷϵñժҪ˳㾾һĶ䣬סԼĻ
գںһУ
δ䣬ںѾһժҶͷϵñӡο磬˻ûпĶ򸱡
򸱼ŮһѾҶסܶŮƶܸٵժͷϵñӡŮһвûмע˵ҶġбۿŮ书˳ֺο־ÿϧҪŮһӾͺˣһ书Ҫҵ練ơ
ںƼҪҶʱҶͻȻͲˡһץһա
ںྪ֮£оͷ޷һ£вãһβɨ󷽣ɨһգһšƮƮ㿴ҶվԼԶЦһ
ͬʱںͷԭŵǧ˿ٲһɢ¡
̧ȥ֪ͷϵķѾԷˣͷŻɢ䡣
ںһʱҰףԼûժ˼ͷϵñӣԼͷϵķԷժˣںеһֲҰܵ衣
˵ȥȥץͷϵñӡ
ҶٴβˣںʱַҶվԼϲԶֻѾûöӣͬʱоԼͷ㷢ƺʲô̧һȻԼһö
ԷεԼͷϵӣٲ
˵һԼУǵڶΣԼѾȫ䱸ȴǱ֣֮죬ԼɴûмѵȻһλز¶ĸˣ
ܣֹԲһλ书ˡһںǳĿ϶ȴ벻Ҷȷ㲻书ˣΪһ֮⣬ٲ书ܶںοݵĽҪľյĶֵ֮û
е˶ˣ벻ҶȻ˱£һʱ䶼˺Ȳʡ
ʱ򸱵ֵܺṦǶɵɣ
ںҲӦˣҶǶɵģ
Ҷʼ磬ǣ˸ҹϵ̸ҵġ
ֱʱ˱ǲŷӦкãֵܺùԭȻز¶ĸˣ
ں书ֻһںŪ˶ѣ˾һܣҪӮңҾͷ㣡ɣ
򸱸Ͻǰм䣬ŭŮ࣡ûûƤģ˾ˣҪ
ںǺҲ书ƾʲô䣿Ҫ˾ӮңҲŷ
ʷϽԼʹһɫ檻⣬Բں˵ֻǶľƵģֲǱ䣬˭˭͵ģ书ʮֵĸģǿöۻҵˡ
Ǳںƿ˹ʷ檣ָҶУ
֪ôĺŮҶûˣϵЦʧڹҪűҲû⣬ֻǣǰ˵ľƣȺ˵
ں൹ҲɴࣺȾͺȣľܴҲںǵߵǻʣһƵĴǰɵˣһ׵ľƣвʮҪȫȥֻµ
ںָҶŭңô࣡
ҶЦղŴĵʱѾ˵˶עʣµľƣԼʹӦ˭
ΪǶôһˣôôࣿ
Ҷʼ磬Ըķ䣬㲻ԸȣҲǿ˵գⲽ߻¡
ںǴ׵ľƣһҧ˫ֽױյ߱ȡ
ʢƵģǹʷղصʱڵͭףϹŶǳĺءղ׳ʹӳ̧Žġ벻λŮһ˱㱧ҺɵؾŵƱȾơ˵ĺǺ
вپƴҶ˵㣬ǻִסˡ׵ȷ̫ˣֱӶźȾˮ㵹ʱķΧͱȽϿСҲһЩģ⵽ҲĹ⡣˵ˣʣµһ׵ľƣʮһЩֻһһ룬Ҳġ
̫ˣںһװôࡣͣЪ
ʷǱҶ΢ЦֵܣǹңҪͺôɣʣµľˣ
ҶЦЦаҪʵںȲˣǾˡ
ҶҪֻͷӦ˲ȣں˵Ҳͽ¿ˡҶ˵Ҫ˵˿ԲȣְںˣǴ׽ſࡣĿɿڴ
ڣںѴｫʮľƳ֮⣬Ķൽ˶
˵һһţͨ죬һã


178 
Ҷڰ֣ôƣʱϢһ£ҲҪ˵˵һҪǻܺȣٽŴľǡ
ںҲһƤľƣϢһҲáһϡ
򸱼ŮʱսҶûʤ׷ĺøĺܶ࣬ЦСŮçײӲҪֲǡ
˵Цˡʵǲ̫ϲЩŤŤŮӵģŮкܣŶҵθڡ
˱ݺ͹ʷҶΪںçײ¾ͻˡҶô˵ȻǺںǰΪŰһ
ȴ֪ҶʵںִֶûòŮӺܷУǣ֪˱ݱģ˱ݵĺ̨Ȩ޼ɡԼ֮Ҫ˱ǾԼǵˣԱԼᱻ϶Ϊ㡵ţӶ뼴ķŰıжԴˣ˵ǸһŮӣǽһĸҹ棬ԼҲӦ˵
ȻԼǲλŮӳΪԼķ˵ģǣҲҪһȻɣ˱ǲԼҪ˱ǾԼǵˣﵽͶ޼ɱĿģҪȢλŮӣǾҪһЩʱúĥӦ䡣
Ҷ⻰ûȷܾ£ֶٱȻںʱȲȥˡҲûȰȡ
˿Ѿоƾˣһֱ˹ԿҲϾ˵ˡ
ҶΪ˸ʾԼôµһЩȤԹûһ졣ʣǺУξŮ书ҲȣҵǾȵ书ǿһЩ
мԵãЦǺǵʵǺУξȻ书ҲҲô̳ŮȻǲҵˡ
һԵĹʷæ廰ûУξ̰ˣ̳ܽʲôŮ
򸱸Ͻͷ˵ûͿСӲУûҵġô
ҶȻ̰Ǹ㳷ģϧͷûмʱ
򸱸Цһã˵ʵҵʱҲΪǸţԵ˧ǰѺͻʱһǰɰ󣬻ѱ˧ŭһ٣˵ôʸ˾ˣ
ҶһУξǱͻģô£
ǰެڣûϢŵõެͨ˵ǱެΧ֮ѾеͶΪ˹ȫ˫ƹϵ԰ǶŻȫûˡȥ߾ˡҸһȥ˱߾㿴˧ǰѺУξ廨شӱ߾ǱѺ˹
Ҷһ԰˵Ǹְ˧ΪΥУξͶУξºûб¼ΨһûܵĽ١˵ôǰѺУξѺˣϽĻ˧ǰ˺УξǱʿԸͶ䣿
ﲢûоʿһ˵ֻ˵ǺУξͶ԰еıˣެŷ˵ġΪʲô¼ϼˣַʲô飿
Ҫش𣬹ʷѾǵĻ򸱣ıŮɣˣ
򸱸ϽͷһֻںѾ˻齣ﵽȥˣ
򸱰ѽһ࣬ôôӣ˵ȥ±˳
ںຬҡûġۣ
˵ߣ£򸱵򸱸Ͻһͷ㿪ˣһŻﶼµߵ˱ϣ
ʱ䣬һζ
򸱴ʧɫҲ˲Ůˣһӣæָ˱ݲԡ
˱ݵǺܴȣЦŵ޷޷򸱣ҲŪˣһȥһ·߰ɣŮչ˾ˡ
˵գҶЦЦ㲻ɷ˵ųȥˡ
⣬˱ݷſ򸱵֣ͷûˣѹִڸӵ¼㲻Ҫ˵УξǸӵκ飡ûУðԼ鶶
ͷһݣƶʱһ룬ڲҲ漰Լ쵼⣬Ҫģ˱ݰæŶһ٣Լôûע⵽⡣ֵ̿˱ݣǡҶ˵ˡô죿
ʹ˴סٲҪ˵κλ
ǣְסˡæͷӦ
˱ֵҲ̫ţڲڸ˵ýֻҪŮ޸ŮˣʲôҲ᲻λ
ЩεЦЦǣСŮաֻ˿СŮ
ģ죬ţӣֵܻҪġֻŮҲ̫һ㣬ɲãûĸϲôװͰ͵Ů˵ġһһҪģҪȻ˼ֵܺˣȢλĸϻŮҲû취ˣ
ǣְףְһȥúùܽϺһһģﰵԴ⣬ôһҪŮú˵һͨٲܳˡ
˱ǳŸȥˣںﵽ棬ʷָʹɨϡϵŻ״ϽָӼŮȥںࡣںȻˣȴ˲ֺܴ󣬸ס۵üŮͺ괭ȴûаŪùʷֱ֡
ʷҶ˵˵ںĺãҶֻ΢Цţȴ߶ȥұ߶˼ĥղ򸱵Ļ
Уξһƾ죬ȻܾƾеͶƾҲôˣֿտջģǾ˵УξӻпġȻˣôᱻְ˧廨Ѻͻѵ˧˻䣿ͶĽ캫УξˣҪǿԽͣΪʲôھûʲôӦ⻹ΣɻǣȻ˧ô겻ƣΪʲôںУξͶʱ򻩱䣿ѵ˧º»׷ΣԲŰѺУξˣͼ˼
ҶһʱЩ벻ͨеԵɡãƺЩط϶ʵôУξͶһûԼҲ˵ġӹӦûʲô⡣
类ںôһ֣Ҳûʲô˼ųԾˡ˱Ǹ»Ҷںǡʷ͵⣬Щɢ˼
磬ɢ֮Ҷ׼ؼȥԷո߳Ŵţ㿴ں̨£˫ֶ
ҶüͷһõԤУںԲģԼֻ¾Ҫһ档
Ҷװӭ˳ȥֵڹô
£ߣ˵գںתߡ


179 ҳ
ں߳оû˸ţվסˣתȥȴҶһߣˣߣ
ҶҼߡҪȥԷˡ
ߣں첽׷ҶסҲ˵ˣ𣿡
ǸڹһûԷʲôҳ극˵˵գҶҲǰں࣬Ҳƿ˫ײȥ
ںɲڴϸһ˶ֻ֣ţ˵ιվסվס
Ҷûͣ˼ںһᣬҲ֣˫ۣѸ߸ߵظͦҶײ
ҶһֱߵҪײϵʱվס˺һ˾룬εҡҡͷڹʲô飬˵ա
ںҲֵ۾Уߣ˵طҾ͸㣡ҪȻԷ
вңµľвҶݺݵȥ
ںǰ˵úܹȴɿˣݸ漴ְ佻ϪߣԶ·
ðɣҶûж˵ں佻Ϫߡ
佻Ϫǽһ֧羰вٻڹδӡǣںಢûδӵ˼ֱ佻ϪһƬïܵһյأĲݵء
ںվסˣתҶһʽҳ󣬽һسӵģǽָ¡
Ҷܿ˿ܰûʲôˣ֣ڹҲ书Ҳ֪ǽңҪҪʲôµĻǣ
ãԼ˵ģ
ǣ
ҵԷҲôһ׵ľƣǾͳƽ
ҶҳԷ
ǰںӻȡһƽƽɸҶҶֽ̧סо΢΢һ𣬲ֵںһۡ
ںĳԾԶԶҶɳҶǹעʮֵģҪƽˣشͻҶȴ£üͷûһ¡ɼԷֻԶԶԼ
ںֵؿѵһλز¶ĸˣΪʲôβȴû书أ
ԣľԲôܽ£ֻһܣǾжɾûǳǾȫɾ϶ûʲôֻɾжԼǿĴߣƾʮͷδɵСӣô
ںĥҶȴ˿Ȼ͵עͬʱĻ˱ݺ͹ʷʵҲǻ롣
Ҷת׼ʱ
˾ͺȾƣȺһףԸķ䣡
ҶЦˣתڹҪǲ㣬һΪһĺӡ˵ôô
ں۵ôˣղԼģ
䣬Ҫָ£Ǵġָ䣬ǣǲû˵ĺȾơƾʲôҪȾƣ
㣡ںҲҶ˵ûڴģ˭˭ٺôľƣ
ҶһתȻ˿ƣֻܽˡʵˣһ׵ľƣ˵ҺǻҳҪǹ㱨ҳֻºüУ
ں룿ãǾͶôľһ׺ˣ
ǿǲʮ߰˽ƣҪȥһ̲Źˡ
ҶҪľںʵڲϲŮǾԲȢһĸϻΪ޵ģҪﵽĿģֱУΪ˱ԽܵģԼҪõǵδӶ뵽˱ڲȥΨһİ취˱ҲŮӲʺԼҪӡǾ;һ˱ǰĸϻ
ڣˣᵱȻ
ǣҶͷһΪ
ɣں˼ʽ
ȵȣҶڰ֡
ôˣ鷳
ҶЦЦ鷳Ϊãǽĵ飬ҪˣϲҪ˵˶ľֲźôƵġҪȻ֪͵͵ұģңġ
⻰˵ںˣϾ֮󣬸ͷһٳָͷˡ첻µز£Լϰ֡һ䶼ҿǰʼҶͷϣһҪһӡֲøԼҲˣȻҶ֮˵ĵ飬ֻԼ̰̫˾ǡҶ˵ˣ»аҪˣҲ˵ĵ飬ԼȾǣ
Ȼ
ɣں˼ʽ
ȵȣ
ʲô鰡㷳
һҪܲ˵Ǵĵġ
ʲô£ںϴͷ
ϺȾƣ϶ֻһʢƣҶҪ輾ƺȣܲһ˺Ȱɡ
˼ˡںĻǰһ׵ľɱˣҼҵľƱҵһһӦòһٱɣ
ҶͷһٱΪޣԼԾȡ
ãģҪˣǲƤģ㣡ЩˣӶ࣬˵Ƥ
˭ҪƤ˭СУ
ãһΪɣ
ȵȣ
ںֱҪˣŭǲˣʲô˵û꣡
ҶЦˣҪľҪ˱ǲϲҲҪϲԼմﵽĿġʼ磬˼¾ô棬ҪΪҲãҾôһˡûа취
ߣںصغһҪ˲ף˲ֶҵжҲŲ޸أԺˣɵð˵İ죡Ȼҵȭͷɲ
Ҷһ˱ݶж
ȻˣУξǸӣҪ˱ݣҵѾ
ո˵˵Բܰ˵ȥԼһʱ죬˵ˡ۵ҵø˵ģ˵ˡ
Ҷʱˣ˱Ů˿ԼǾ͸ȢˡںȻװͰ͵ĸϻһ㣬ûʲôĻֱʣһ㵹ǻҪǲţһѵԡ
ں˵ûУԿ˰ɣ
ٵȵȣ
ں赹һİۣҲʲôˣ쿴
Ҷôȣսǵ㵽Ϊֹһֶʤ֣֡һʱڴжԷĴӮֻǴſ¾ӮǴѪֻҪסԷҪöԸΪֹķΧǲǾյأյ㲻䣿ܲܣ㲻䣿ܲñУʲôУǲǿ˵Էǵ㵽Ϊֹ


180 ȭͷ
ҶੲݸӬһںеͷҪˣʵ̲סĻˣˣôϻ
ںҲҶᵽ˵ȷҪȷġа⣬СӱֳṦܸߣΪԼȻץסˡҪûκƣʱҪصģҲһץõǾͶӮˡԱ޶ΧͱֶΡȻñУǹۣһ˵Լɲý
ǣںˣĶһȭҴһȭ׼һֱ򵽶ԷܲΪֹΣ
ҶɫҡͷǲУһҰô죿
ں飬ԼжǶԵġԵһЦƾ㣿ҪܰҴˣҾͷ㣡޸㣬˵ʲôʲôҾҪǰˣˣҲҪҷģ
ҶʵҪþӲܷԼá֮Ըղ˵ô࣬ʵöԷѡĶԴ򡣸ղŹܾҲöԷΪԼںѾѻ˵ˣɰЦҪСһɫҲ֪ģ
Ҷֵ˭ȶ֣
ںƲƲ죺ŮˣȻȶ֣
ҶҡͷǶˣ޸֮һ֮ˣСϰ䣬Ҫȶ֣һӰҴſˣﻹлᶯ֣ȶ֣
ں벻ҶһˣȻŮˡȴ֪ҶҪַʽƲҶܴﵽŻµĿġ
ں෭˷ۣȻðɣȴǣɣ˵գ˫ֲͦŸ߸ߵظҶ
Ҷߵǰ̧ȭ׼ʵ˫壬룬Ҵһֻ
⻰̫ˣߵںˣһڣתҺ󱳺ˣ
󱳿ɱǰʵҿɳԿˡ
ģԿȻҲ󱳾ǣ
ǻࡣעˣҪˣ
ɣںһȫ˵󱳡
Ҷûжֵ˵Ѿûж֣֪ԼһȭжĹҪǸ㲻ãѶԷһӴǿɾͲˡԲȫˣɵ
Ҷһȭصһںĺġ
ںǰ˺üվסú󱳾ʹظҲһķڡкȻǿԼܲסԼ´ڿȫˣ
ںһظ䷭ڵϢƽһЩתҶ㲻޸֮ز¶ǲģֻǰѲʲô磡ˣ
ҶҲû˵תȥ˫ֱ磬Զˣ
ںȻҶĹӦܳԼһȭǻ°̫أǸһȭҪȫҲҪȫҪȻ˵ģס
Ҷͷû˵
ںһһȭͷǿķһȭݺݴҶĺ󱳣
أ
ҶֻһΣŲûŲһ£
ںʱҰףɵɵضҶ˲ߴıӰ
Ҷתںˣ
ȵȣں·
ҶһôӲĲģȭͷоݺ٣·
һ㴩ʲôģҪȻһ¶ûУ
ҶҲö˵ѾˣѾȣֻһۣϽ⿪¶״ĵǵǿûκ׻ߵ塣
𣿻ҪҪ棿Ҷ
ںһ죺ˣϰɣаƣԼһȭѾʮɵĹһͷţҲˣȻ£᲻Ѿˣǿţ
Ҫ̲˶õġһ¶ڡ
ҶҿԶ𣿡
ںתȥɣȫ󱳣ҪӲҶһȭ
Ҷһһȭɹ
أ
ȭͷɽһͷصײںĺ󱳣
ںʱ类ɨҶ͵ؾ˰գ˼ƯĸȻͷصˤ
ѽã
Ҷһ벻ԼһȭȻС椴ԡȥںߣصּܵ䣬ҿЩï֣ܵԴûײڵϡ
Ҷһ£һһˣˣ
ҶϽ֣ƽڲݵϡ˿ĿڣȻû
ûˣ²ˣ
Ҷһ࣬߶ʮһߣһסıӣʹҰ׵촽ϣʼ˹
ΪֻһˣֻͷæߴǱزĦ˵ĸϻȻ׺ĻǺǻģио
ҶΪԼֹؼʱ̾Ȼ뵽£ûþˡ
ҶѹزิյʱͻȻںཿ͵سһ£漴۵һŻһѪ
ҶϲϽſ˫֣ߣͷоô
ں˫̧Ƥƺ˵ʲô漴һѪ
ҶúܱǸںȻᣬڰ˼ҴӡǰԼĻĴĺ󱳡
ں˼Ѫ˵㡭úݵġ
ҶЦʵڶԲңʹһ㣬˵ˡǱǸ
ںһĺӣ̱ҶĻ۾ŴҶͣظȫѪֻǾùⲻȥȥУ
ںϽۣҪҪһҩøҳԾˡ
øԡҶ˫壬ȻղԼˣΪ˾ˣ˿ҪҪȥɾЩ˼ˡ
ںֵ֣Լ̧Ҫȥȡ˵ȷ̫أֻ̧һ㣬ش
Ҷûа취ԼҩӲͷƤĻڸߵҵڴҩƿȡ˳ݸ
ںȻûа취ԼԣŸҳԡ
Ҷ㵹ųûˮֻȴ佻ϪҨˮҩҶںᱧ첽ϪˮߣϪˮǳȫáںϪˮߵĲݵϣȻҩ͵˫Ϫˮҩ
ҩȥˡںഭ˼ţҪ˹Ϣ
Ҷֲϥš
ںôǿˣ𣿡
ǰں˵װͰ͵ģڱĿҶЩϰҰˣӦҸҽεģֻǣУҲ֪ôˡ
ںܲؿһһƽСë֪ôǮһھֽ˵һ£Ҷˣ󣬿ʼں̵ķ


181 
ҶǶֵĻ㼯Ȼͬ죬ںоǿϽˮһӿڣвȻ벻ҶǿǿԼĵزںˣҶԣԼֻǸͯһ㡣ҲˣԼ˵һȭҶûȫҪȻԼҲᵱ
ںֻһ㿪ʼҶԼˡ
ˣеҩҪѸЧöࡣҲһٷĹںѾˣˣɡ
ɣôԼǳ÷ڽԼһںҶоһŮ棬ɵðżɲԼԤϣģںôԼһȭӣġ
ɲСҶſվѾˣˣһ׼ʱģסһٱɲʣ
ں౾ʱˣͰ͵˺ذôľƣƵġ
ҪǱŮˣҶҲһڷŹúˡλһҪԷԼϲԼǣܰԵغһǸԸķ䣡زҲܣľһҪֵģ
ǡƼˣٰˣòã
ãҶѾЩڸղԼˣԼıУڱһӣҽһеţƼˣҲơǲܵġˣˡ
˵գתߡ
ɣȵȣںվЩҡΣ漴վˣһﰡ
ҶͷҲأֲɽ̶ֲ֣ѨѾûд󰭣Լ߻ȥҪؼҳԷˡ˵գӿ˲ͲǺںĽк
صң÷Ѿ׼õķˣ
Էʱ򣬳÷Ҷ˵˽̲ʯɽʯϻлµ飬һнչ˳ǮûǷǵˡԴԴϵǮƻ㼯ҶǼװǮһһˡ
Ҷ⣬ţܿϼҲ˵˲˵غٽ顣չҲ˳
ǣҶܿϼƺЩ£ʵôˣôصġ
ܿϼЦЦ͢⣬ҵѾͷŻؼˡ
Ҷˣܿϼ˵ĵǸΪ˾ıĸײɽͽ̣γ͢µﷸ԰ͷˡǲۣɽΪ˾ܿϼϼڳִ͢⣬ҲǺкñ
ҶϲǺ°㻹ʲô
ܿϼǿһЦҵӦþТģǡ
ˣҶĻǵҲͬӵǼ԰ɣõģû⣬ȱ֣òˣʯɽͻǱ̫ԶˣǼŮȥҲʺϣˣð齻죬ʯɽǱ߲ϵĵǼǡǮ˫
ܿϼϲǵͷҡͷлл磡ҪǮгסˡ
ﻰɻвǮģǹͷϹأԸ˫ǮҪæƣƾǮˡҪǸɵúãһҪӹǮġǮ׬ҲŶбͷˣˡ÷㸺ס
õģ÷΢Цͷ
ܿϼмȦˣҶ˵
Ҷ˳򸱵ĸڡھҲһвˣݹ˷ᡣȻ󣬵ǻǱȽϾµġ
ʷѾˣ˱ݻûڵڿģڲں顣
Ҷ˵Ǽӣû뵽ת˻⡣ζȻҶû̽ʲôϢ򸱹ܿ⣬ⱾһǳҪķ֣û⣬ΪʲôҪرأ
ѵӵ⣿Ҷĥ
ںȻոˣҶǿ֮£Ѿֻǻ˹֡Ҷں΢΢Щ죬漴ֱˣ뵽˼һٱơҶϲĻᣬ·סͰ͵ɣҲǵƼأǵĶˡҲٺˣٶˡҪ޸㣬ҶҲûйⰡǲǣֻҪȾƣҸʲôСˣ
ҶΪ򸱾ڲ̸ǸӶɻںô˵ˣһתţǺðɣûȥ߾Ҫȥפľ䣬Ҿپơ
ҪУξӣֻˡѾ˵ˣʵҪ飬ֻΪ˸һӶѣԣԲΪȥ߾ǲӦġҲ״ݾߡǣȥܴﵽĿġҶ
ںϲû⣡׼Ӧ
Ҷѹʱ򣬲Ҫ˱ݺ͹ʷ֪
Ϊʲô
ҵĶͷ˾Ҫ֪ȥ߾棬᲻˵ġ
Ŷˡ
ʵҶΪԭ֮Բ˵ӣܿΪ˱ݺ͹ʷеҪȻô˵ˣͲ˵ˣȻҶû֤֤һ㣬Сûдġ
ں룬ҪܿھͲ˵ˣֻ֮ܵ˵ģһõӦҪ󡣡
ںԴҶ΢ЦͷУ㡣
ǣһٷͳԵúˣںȫһˣһ㶼ԵһľŮˡȾҲǳֹʱҶЦһ¡򸱺˱ݡʷǳˣԭΪǻ¹Ǻ˱Ѿ׼ҪʵڲУɫŮӸҶˡڣ˱仯ֿϣˡϾⲽǾ׵ģܲò
ΪҶѾʷ˵ˣˣԼýס˵Լеģǹʷýģ⵽ʱ֪˻᲻ˡԾ϶ûᵽµ顣ֻ˵һЩ˵Ļ⡣Ǿ˶ɢ
硣
Ҷɢó㿴ںЦվ̨µϽ֡Ҷ˹ȥûҶڣں˵ӦˣͶ
Ҷϲб£ô˵ģ
Ҿ͸˵ȥ߾档ΪϲԡϾʹӦˣ
ʵ֮ôʹʹӦˣΪʷѾ˵ˣǻ±ҶͷУҪ뷽跨ĺøСҶȥԼĵ̴ԣÿְȨֺں֪ġȻһԭǾλǸˣͷԱȽϼ򵥣ûйʷһѣֲ֪ŮҪʵҶ飬ҶĿġûжʹӦˡ


182 һ
Ӧ˱ݵҪ뿪ӪݵģҲҪȥ
ҶûаεжٻҲֻҪʹ̡Ҫ»㱨ֵľ衣÷Ҳֻ˵참û˵ȥ߾
ա
Ѿ׼ƥ
߾ݲԶӱ޵ĻĳϾܵ·ġ
ʱ֣ǵԾ
ھ߾ʮһɽϡվɽϣɽ¶ެĴկֻˣﶼǺڹ¡˵ġ
м׳ǽֻвɸߡҲֻһôпŽȥﵹǵƻֻͨİˡȻһЩصϰҲס档
߳ԭ򽫣ǰѾ󶼶ȥְȥˣµ򽫻ûԾʱɸְͳ졣ʱʵҲǾ߳٣˵㡣
ǵӪҶס֮׼硣Լ¸㣬ЩǾģֻڶҪɽԣ򸱲û¹Ҷľơ
ǣҶĿľҪӣҪͱЩʿ򽻵ԣΪƣЩֵܣһӵõЩ佫ĺøС
Щ佫Ѿ֪λүǰĴˣȹүͬʱܿǶͷ˾򸱵δŮȻҶȾƣȻҪġǱڿ˾ս
ϣҶ̸֪ͨԭǺУξ£ʱǼ飬ֱսҶظλϵϲԲһ㶼ϲԵģȻǵͷġҶ飬ڶɽԣλһȥҶȻǲܾġͷӦˡ
ﵽĿģҶҲװˡ򸱱ɢ˾磬ںҶطϢ
ں౾ǺЩٶ֪ںȴûǰſȣǺȵú˹ġЩٺ֡ҲˣδߣȻҪֵŮһЩ
ڶϣҶ֮ںϹˣоΣûͷʹʲôģٲȻһСϱˡҶװͷʹͷЩ̫ܺˣǲУǵĶְ
ںЦһΪܺأôƾˡҪô࣬㲻֪Ҫʲôӣ
Ѿ׼˹УҪͬҶɽԡһӾʿ
ﶼɽɽϴȻǲġǲɽ
ں౳һŹҶߡҶûѡ񳤹һǿеڵĲǹˣһߣڵĲǹͬ;ݾıϵĽǶȡ֮ñȽ׼ġõ֮ںԼװ׼żϻˡ
ȻǴԣ϶ΣգҶʹ͵ǱذײԼѥͲá
ɽһ·ɽɽڵһɽǰվסˡ
򸱶Ҷɽӥɽ˼ӥɲȥɽܣܶҰޣܺϻҪСġ
ںϻŹ񫣬ЩҰʲôĺ档ֻǲҴôԣҲֻΡֻһֻܵˡһԹأǼһɱϻѶԸ
ں²Ҷ˵ǰԵ顣ҶֻǴŹţʱڸ˵˽һЩƽʱѲ֮飬ΪһֱԱߣҶҲûлʺУξ飬𾯾ڲ顣
ڣǰ̽ıʿ棬˵˼ֻӡʿΧҶߺϣԱҶɱ
ǣ٣Ͼܸʵ۳ȣû취ɽΧסԣֻܿӳ˰ΧȦɽǱȥ
򸱺żǴδŮһγԣҪǾˣɾͶˡ׷ŮںҶԼһӱʿߣһСӳұߡɽʣµıʿͬҶβ׷
ۿ򸱺űʿ׷ȥҶûѵõĻʽԻ˼ǰУξʱҲɽ𣿡
򣡾ģУξϲԣҲܾʱ˴Ϊ׷׷ެǱȥأ
ҶȤ𣿲ıެıʿץס
ץǣٺ٣Ǽʯͷǵıʿ٣ҲǲץǾѾ˼ˣ
Ŷô˵ެıʿ̵ܴأ
һеĲӺܴеҲôеĸ˰ެ̵ܴľ񲿶ӣܶ඼ڶ¹ȻȥˣԭפһĲҲ˺ܶࡣµĸǵĶ֣
ҶΪʲôУξֱެΧеͶأ
Щ㬵ģǲһ
ôһ
ֻ֪Ҷľˣȴ֪ڸУξӵ¼Ҳûи˵Щ飬ΪûʲôϵҶ⣬ûоʵʵش˵ʵ֣ΪĳɹףǸެĹϵһֱЩ˶ల¡ǰ޸ɲˣӵ˹ެ»ִƳǹϵʼ̫ˡҲûеĵزΪһɽ߾ҲûջԾĸɽͷǵǸǵҲ˵߰Ҳܶͨ龭ǵľҲѲߵģȻҲи㲻巽뵽Ǳȥġ˾Ǵһк˻ȥҲˣ벻һΣެȻýǧ˵ĲӣŰΧƱеܷߡǸ죬ҲǣֻǰΧǲߡǳѲûдʲôʳԶԵġͷеͶˡ
Ҷʣ˭ģ
ӦǺУξɣǵ˧
˵УξǱ˧ǰŻ𣿡
ͷͷ˵ʵôҲֻ֪һССĶûʸμġҲΪҲŻһֻǱһپѣߵĺУξ˧ͷˡǸ˧Ϊץ˺Уξûб෴ˡ
ʲôˣ
Ծˣ
ԭֻһ˧ֱӵһĸְһܴˣʲôͣץס˺УξѵʱУξ׼Ǳ
ҶʣʱμӾߵĶЩˣ
ͺУξͱ˧һˡ
ެ̸ˣ
̸ˣüˣԲױӳʲôġʶǰǾԾƣ򽫺졣ǻȥˣСӾõúܣǼû÷򸱳Űſˡ


183 Ұ
Ҷô˵ӦúϤôôˣ
ҲƣôҲ֪
ҶʣʱԶʿǴĽкںһϲӵСģǰ淢һͷܴҰҸϽϣΧҰ׺֮ϻҪʱСģһ֣ʰϽϣ
ǽҲˣ֪Ը׺ҰһΧˣҪȻһԸǻΣաǣ˲ϸҶ˵ӽ׷ȥҶҲǰ׷⽯ûвߣԾʲôҲ֪ȥҲֻûиջˡ
ںĴߴǸϽ׷ǼڷɱƺһͷҰҲƴǰӴܡ
һ׷ɽͷͻȻǰǱʿĴ󺰴Уںɫһӱˣ͵վססҶСģҰˣ
һ£ȱʿֱֳУضǰ
Ƭ̣ھǼʮԶİ˸ߵĲݴðҰԴѪܵģż֧Ұ۾Ѫģضǡ
üһҰ湻ģа˸ߣһͷСţƵģߵ߳ɭɭķź⣬ֲĻߡǣǡ
ںһѽҶ̧乭׼ҰǰҸ¡ҰԴǳӲ룬ǰҸҰߣ룬׼ȷ䴩Ұ࣡
ಣ
ںųһһ㣬ֱҰǰҸ£
û֧䵽кü֧ѾҰϣƨɡȡԴӣ롣Ұ͵һˤñܿںһ
ҰȻжǶûˡӼԣһ죬ѼĴ̵ź⣬׼ںǣ㷭ɣɽһ˹
ںЩˣǸŮӣǰҶţϻʲôģʵֻˣҪ˲׵ȽʿϻҲûгһβһǵַֿˣҲûĸ׵˱ҪһͷСţһСҰһʱЩʧ룬ӵ˺üͬʱ׼ٴδ
ߵıʿ󵨵ĸŷżСѾתߡЩļû˵ҰҪ
ۿҰҪײںˣں𣬿ӵĳһץסͷһ֦˹ȥ
һͷ㿴ҰĽ³ײվҶ
ںһƬôˣҲ̫ȣֻԼȻڻҶ
Ҷɴûô͵ҰԾٴţ˵˵ҰϻڿȻˣǺŵõǻɢѥͲﻹһذףԼϻжֵĳǿֻŵĨͣתܡ
ǵͱܵٶȣôɽҰĶ֣һ֮£Ҳʹڵıֳ֣ʧ롱塣
ܳûм㱻ǿһҰ׷ϣҰǳ׼ƨɣ¶ȥ
ҪˣҶɾҪָˡ
ΣͷҶڷӦԼһЩ书ģرóԶϽ㿪ǻһ㣬ǺûдƨɣƨɣȻ˿У
ϵںྪһҼҷ漴ѥͲһ̽һֻһ㣬ӿзԾ£ֱҶҰ
ǣҰǰɱںٶ׷ϣֲҽ̽Ҷ֮ҰѾҶܽĲݴԣ
ںţһ׷ȥ
ʱɵ˵ĽŷӦСҲ׷ȥ
Χ򸱺ûпҶŮϽЩıʿʿ˵֮ŵɫ԰ף߶ҰҶǸˣʿָָ棺Ǳȥˣ
򸱶ʱ˱棬ެĵؽ磡

ҶҰϣһ·ǰ񱼡󣬱ѣתһ룬ҪˣҰͿ¹Լ𣿶ڣҰԼûа취˵ԼԼǺܰȫΣյĵطȫĵɡ
Ұʮ֮ȻȴҲءǰ񱼣û취˺ϵˣϵѾˣΪҶûзֻǱֽǰ񱼡
һɽ¿񱼣һװҲ֪˶ٸɽͷʹ˶СϪڣҶоҰٶӦ˿Ѫ̫ˣҰ׵ֲסˡ
ַɽͷҰڰѿ񱼱˿ߣٱǶС
ϦµʱҰһ峺СϪߡߺһᣬҲˣѪȾ峺Ϫˮ
ҶŴҰվԼϵѾˣһ˺ۡϽһֽţãû˵ǡѥͲذףҲö˶˵ѥͲ
Ĵ˿ҵﰡܶǴɽ룬ĵģӰûС
ˣҰʱ̫ɽˣҲ֪ܵ
ҶϼҪˣ֮ǰҵס˺·ȥ
̧ͷ˿ǰɽ壬ȥӸߴûдӣ޵ķʸڳɽϹתƺá
ҶſСϪߣعһƤˮȻ̧ۿ˿СϪͷСţһҰҪ˿ϧˣǴϡǣץסҰһ£벻ǳɣҰĭһ
ԼжֵǿˣʵʲôҰЩЦ㽫Ұϵļ˶εȻҰԼ˫ϣһץҰһȣȻʼɽ
ոɽͷߴ˵һϲ̧ͷһֻǰ治Զһôϣһӣϱų˵˵ʲô̧ͷ˵ʲôڸ˵𣿡
ϸó˺Ǻ˰һΪެأˣϵҰɱģһ˵һ߿ٵ»ܿ͵¡
ҶûлشϵҰڵϣЩԾʵ˭ެؽ𣿡
ǰ˿첽ȵؿŵϵҰüһô󣬱ƽʱҰҪһôҰҴô꣬˵ʵ⻹ǵһμءһ˾ɱôһͷҰ̫ˣҪֻܵķݰ¸ң
Ҷͷ˿ôެؽˣ
ôߵ˾ġ㲻õģެҲк຺ܶ˵ģģ߳ɼҵģܶࡣҾסߵġ
ҶпЦͷҰެߵģ֮ԼϤĵؽ񱼣ԼҲ͵ɹˡȭλԻգ
պΣһԽҺδɣôƺ
ҶҲǼϴԽɡ
ԭɰһһᣬҼҾǰ棬ɽ¾͵ˣ㲻ԽסҼҡҼҾҺ
̫ˣǿɶлˣ߰ɣ˵գҶϵҰڼϡδɱҪæǿҶᣬȻóأɵøǳԾ̾ôصһͷҰСţƵģ̧һ˱ɿڼˣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ߰ɣ
úãδǰߴ·Ҷɽ£Ȼ㿴ɽиСɽ壬ϡϡʮҡǽݵʱúˡ
δɳɤŵӣˣϽղˣѾ׼ã
ﴫһŮӵ˵һֺŶӲĺʲôﶼûУʲôУ˽죿
˵Żתһȴ;ʿ̫һȴһλެŮӡ
ԭδȢһެסˡ
ެŮӿҶϵͷ˶ҰʱһѽһͷҰô󣡡
δɵ󣬺ҰԼһλǴǱ߹ģ˷򡣵Ǽʱһ
ެŮЦסԣǮǮ𣿡
ҶûдǮֻҰ⣬Ҫһȵס޷ѣ
ެŮӴϲæĵͷӦˣҶжҰӳһѸӣһҰĺȡкüʮ·ˣֵϲ£졣ƨƨ߽׼Ʋȥˡ
δɼҶ˴󷽣Ҳܸˣк֮ȥͬļҪõĴһҰ⡣ǼԼ˾ƣҲǵصڣȥ˼ͣҲһ㶫ġܻӭġ
ܿ죬Ʋ˾׼ˣ˵ެŮӵպܲһҰ⣬ҺáΧ£ʼԾƳ⡣ϲЦտġ


184 
мެصĲ񣬲Ϊסڱ߾ҲٻһЩͰ͵ĸҶ̸
ҶһЩرĽ֪ȻǰЩôͬһңܵĻûжƵġҲҪʲô֤Ǿ֮䣬Ҳ;ġ
ҶʳԼ֪Ļ⣺ǰЩӣһ֧ѲߵƾެڣެĲʿΧеô£
໥һۣһߵ˵Щʿ󲿷ֲǲģȲġ
Ҷüǲıʿ
Ҳǣǰˣ˺ܶ࣬ױӳһΧЩƾ
һ˵ȲһֱۺǸðţܴӴ򵽺ܶöֺܱˣҲȥüǮһܵǵؽץƾϰպܶ඼ܵƾᱨôȥˣƾƺû˼ǲŷġ
Ҷ־Ǽʣ˵Ȳľƺ֪ƾҪ֪ҪڽƵġѵԤȵõϢ
ǾͲˡǵȷǼǰˡΪ˱ɡ
Ҷʣ˵ެƹϵܲӶҲߴԷĵؽ磬ΪʲôһǾͲģҪƾеأ
һҡͷ˭֪أǰûйġֻЩͳٲŻ֪ɡ
Ȼûʵ֪Ĵ𰸣ҶǵõһмֵϢǾǰΧƾƾеľӣǰ߾ľӣƺбѵʲôı
ҶԽԽӸˡ
ЩȾ֮󣬱Ůˣһެ˵ԵķҪˣ
ӶԲˣضǴ񣺡ôף
ǴԳﰡô䣬Ҳ֪ǽżġ
һӴӶҪˣڵѾľյú͸ˣưѽҪⱾ£ܳΪүŮǾͺˣһˣ
ԱߵһһƣĴȥɣ˼ķǿϵŮ󡻹һڣ
ǴԴ붼𣿡
˴Ц
ɢˣƱ㣬ԺСȥˡ
ΪСδɰҶ˯ڿ̡̺õ֮ҶʺδɵҸôشƣ
ûȺδ˵ԱߵĺδɵެŮӱð죬ҪȥԳһЩʳɶģȥ˷ߣʱ͵ˡȻҲԹͳʱ͵ˡ
⵹һİ취Ҷл֮󣬱㵱˯
£ҲͲ˯šһȻһͷҰܵެˣʲôȸص
һ磬Ҷˣ̸ãδɷҲˣҲû׼緹ͳȥ
ҶӹУҲ˵ȳ˵ֻÿѾһȵҰɽȥˡ
˵ԳǲԶǴͳҲߵ磬ŵˡ
ǳز󣬵滹Ǻֵģ·ҶѾˣǳʵҲԲפأϾͶެެʹ͸ΪأԣͽصΪϡҲˡһҲ͸ԡӦģڱ߾ƾҲͽԾ
ԶԶˣֳſںѹѹĶˣЩ֣˹ȥſһ浥ެʿضųſڵΧ۵ˡǽһŸʾдެĿſмެԱһƤޣߴ˵ʲô
ҶԼǺˣᱻץǿΧ۵ҲкüˣЩެʿ۶ûǣƺǵĴȻŰʯͷެʹƱ߾ıȷûʲôֵġȻôɵެʿΪʲôҪެƾΧеأǲס
δެԱ˵Ļ֮󣬲ֳı飬ެϱȴЦģ֪ʲô
Ҷʵôˣô£
δû˵Ա˵ˣнԳǵˣŮˡʮϵˡʮµСгˣ⼸ˣԴԱߵĲɳ룬ˣҪôբ̧ȥҪôԱߵĹȥҲӺնǰҲŽǣҲûмذǸʲô
⻰ҶԺЦⲻǹΪʲô
ע⿴һ³ſڣֱԲĳſڣ˿ѾװͨߵһͨŮˡˡӺͳɳ롣еһͨһȷǳصբšͨˡұߵһͨ򱻸ĳһŵĿһ׳ǰ̧բţ󲿷ֶ̧ܴģҲ̧ȲûϡΪ˰æ̧λûа취ȥġ
Χ۵Ĳ඼ˣһЩֵĺӺŮˣ˵ЦšеżŽǣֻôǹ˽ȥ˶Ц
δɱǰԣֻܰբ̧һ㣬Ҳֻεط¡ҶɣôȥԿ
ҶҡҡͷʵûйϵȻôѣǾˣ˵ҲˣôشƣҪȥˡ
һԵĺδɵެæȥҰˣôȥҪ߶ðҪҽǰһ͵ǱߣҰǳǮͳлҵǮٸ׼һЩţ֮ĳʳˮĻصƣôŮģɽġ
ҶףλެŮĵԳǣԭǴҰ⡣ԴȻһͷҰҪӦˣԱߵĺδȴ˵ǹԱ˵ˣ̧բŵˣͷȥֻҪԸ⣬ԳΪĻױɣҪܳΪĻױǿɾܳĺģˣ㵱Իǿһٶһٵġ
Ҷһһ콯˵ʱУξǱެӰΧҹױӳǰУξ̸еġҲ˵Ҫ쾿ʲôֻ±ҵ壬˵˵ĻӦܷӳʱԭòġ֮֮Ȼ¼ַӺܿܵ⣬ΪʲôȥأԳﺺ˲٣ҲûܵӻߵӣԼӦǰȫġ
ǣҶ⵹ǿԿ㶼ɣҹҲɵġ
ôԿ
ǣҶѼϵҰǰһֱͷСţһҰȻǳѾ˳кܶ˵ľηĿ⡣߹ʱǰ˸Ͻÿ˵·
ҶެԱǺˣҪǾԳΪױ𣿡
ެԱȻԣױҲк˵ġֻҪ¡
ҶҪԷӣԱܾλױ壬ǰץһȣǳصբ͵һ۵Ǻװȥբţһӳۣײ˳ŶĶһ죬Ȼ
ŵ÷׷׺㣬۵һ£صڵϡ
˶ˣҶ
ެԱ־ϲϽһ񣬵׳ʿôҪʿԸΪױ
ҶͷԸ⣡
Ǻã
ҶͷҰҪެԱǣδɺкֲңҶ˼վסˣͷ΢΢һЦлλԵټ
ȻİҰǣûǮһױǻҪָͷҰԵĻǮء
֮ǹԱߵĻţҽмӴ롣׳ʿմǴ˰
ɣǴݵԻһͷҰõġ
ţ׳ʿҪЧһǰ;
ߵ̴Я
ٺ٣˵˵Ӵ뿴һۣѹȻǱſڻһؿǲһҪǲˣͿֱӳΪױӵĶҪǲ²ԣֻܳΪһױ׳ʿ֪ıΣ
ҶЦɲʲôҪױͷ콭壬ܸ˵ϻ̽Լ֪ϢҪܳΪǾ°빦ˡӴô˵ܰԼҪǲʾʾ˼ƾʲôԼ
ҶûдǮõóֵĶֻмͷҰˡһͷҰһߵױֻ³۲Ұںδɽ˵ӦǺöˣǶһߵĻ˵̫Сˡ취


185 λү
ͻȻҶһ뵽ԼѥͲǱʹ͵ذףȻܰذ׸̫ˣذ׵ĵϲǶв鱦𣿿һžͲˡȵȥˣһǶȥ
ǣҶѽҵѥɳӣȵȣҰɳӵ
Ӵվŵ·ߣѥӶ˶İѥĵϵһ鱦Ȼ󴩺ѥӣֿҰߡ
ԶԶǱˣӴ˵ˣſھҪˣ׳ʿ׼𣿡
ҶϽѹ˵ʵҲա˶æ˵ţְǿ鱦˼Ӵ
Ӵס͵͵һۣʱ۷Ź⡣ĶѰ֮Ӵ벻ɵúˣϽ߬ˣҶζͷͳǲжĶˡ
жĶҶת˼£ΧխˣӦ뵽ϽͷӦ
˵ĳǱһެʿأǹǼӴʩȴûÿ˼
ӴվסˣЦЦָָǱԱǽŵһŴĸʾдެģˣ׳ʿ°ɡ
ҶЦҡͷҲʶެİ
޷Ҹ㷭룡Ӵڲݰϣһ飬˿ˣȴȥһ
ҶӴղŵʾ³ˣǶߣ
ӴЦ׳ʿȻ˫ȫ¶ˣ
ſڵıʿųߣ˽ȥ
ǱٲȻһгǣ֣ǱﻹΧǽΧŵġӴ˵Ǳַ㣬ױסǡֻεĻӣס㡣ҶոȻױˣǻܳΪĻӣʱܽ㣬ֻҪŬõΣܳΪˡ
ҶЩйԭΪ˾ܼǽ廤벻СҲԣǶԼ˽⣬ƾʲôһ˽˽ߣȻҪȷ۲ˡ
Ӵ쵽һԺſҲбʿأûȥ֮󣬷ԺѾʮˣĿΰԲ׳һɫĶެˣ໥̸ţ˵ĶެҶһ䶼
ӴҶ׳ʿȡһġ
л
Ӵ֮ҶҰڵϣһƨҰĶϡ
ôһͷҰԺ˶಻ѣ˵˵Ķެҡͷʾúʣ֪ҰǲԼġˣʲô֮ġҶҲڻشˣַǣ֪Щ˸ԼһҲͨؿڵĲԣΪԵױܸˣһºܸߡ
﷭̫ҪˣҶǸ׳ʿɣ֪һλģв˺ܿϤˡ
ѾˣҲû˸ͷҶöӹУĸʲôҲ͵ԵĶ𣿡
һһߵȣ½ʮˣҲǸһͨԽġ
һֱȵɽҶǰˣһߣɨһۣߴ˵һͨެ
Ҷʲ˵ʲô˵ҪǽڳǣЯκαУҪǰϵļһﶼó˷˱ܵġȳ֮ٻǡ
ҶЩ˹ȻڰϵĶ̵ȡһϣ뵽ѥǰʹ͵ذףǿǶ鱦ģǳĹأҪˣѱЩ˸ûˡ
ǣ˵ԼûдӣĵذѵȡҰ
˰ѵӶ֮мʿǽȷûе֮˵ߡ
ҶҰֿߴ˵šϽ˵˵ҰôȥͿˡá
Ҷæò˵Ұ׼Т廤ģðΣղŴ򵽵ģһ⡣˲ķ룬¶Цݣ⺺˾ǻƨ֪ǵĶͷ˾ͶѹϵáûʲôǮƣҰζȻõóֵĶˡҲʲô⡣˵ˣҰ͸廤ģҲǸģҲͲϸˡ
ҶҰЩһ߳˳Ǳڳǡ
ڲ徲ˣûʲôˣȥҴҵŮ֮⡣
һԺӡԺвŮվɡ
ߵİ£ǱгǰšվںһţѾѼͷСţһСҰԼϡ˲ҰذȡֲѥͲ
Ƭ̣ŮӵһŮ˳Ҷһȥ۾ֱˣΪŮ̫ҲʮʮӣòУѿ̫ˣͷҰ׳ִصİӴͷҲƲһԴƵԲٵҲֻڷĶѻЩΡҲˣͺԴֱӰļϵһǰԺ飬˶Ķϣؿһֱ꣡˵Ƕֻ꣬ѾҲΪϬţһ˶βһ𣬳һˮ͡ȣ׳֧˶塣ֻ׳ֱۻųʳš
˵ƳΪެҲӰ죬Ҳ̫˵㣬ֵûˡҶ룬˭ҪϹȰѱˣҪȻ»֮ҹֻ¾ͱѹˡ
ǳɨһ̨µĶʮ׳ͷʱŮ̧һ齣˳ӣֻģܾܵסһ⡣
£ެ˵˼䣬Ҷߣ˵ˣһȥ̧ͬõģͣ
һͣЩ׳һ˷ҶȴûʲôȤĿǾǽ廤ø̽ǴΰΧƾе顣
ۿһ׳ʿȥ̧Ѿһɽټƨµ齣̧Ļ治࣬ǰһʮֻ̧Ҫվ椵
ֵҶһˡ
椵ĿͶҶͷ׳ʵҰϣߴ˵ެƺڽʲô˲֪λҰô£ڽ˵͸廤
ֵˣ벻ֵˣȻҲȻȽϳǻǰͬƨµ齶̧
Ҳվ椵
ҶˡҶȻϡʹͣûǮެĳǱҪﵽĿֻ꣬ҪǮĵط٣ܲܶٽϵ鱦ɣԣܵõʹͣԼ»а
ǣҶǰ̧ͬ
椺ؿһۣŮվ椵
󣬼Ҷܹվ椵
߱˳ԺӻˡߣһŮҶ˵ɣ
ҶܵԺԼҰϣŽȥŮ椲Ҳû˵ʲô
ݣвŮӣ֬ˮɶģЦǡ֪ô¡
ûйǣֱӺųȥˡ
ֻߵһŮˣ˵˼ެ
һ⻰ĸ־ϲһ𻶺ҶĪǡ
ץĸ첲ҡú˵ϲ°ķѾΪˣ
Ҷһʲôô£
ղǸֵŮӣŮķҪΪ
ҶĿɿڴǰɽϴ˵ʲôķҪףѵǰʲô̧բšа̧ͬǱ䣿ͨѡ
ҶЦˣλĶλԼܲ𣬶ңһģ˵ެһŮӼ޸ɷ飬û뵽һԼȻΪеһλңһλ椵λɷ֮һ
ɣӲɣʲôưСҪϽشưɣ
ҶæԲ˵һ£ҼѾȢˣٳΪˣֻܶлˣ߰ɣ
·𿴼ŵ飬۶ÿζЦѹ飬Ȼ뵱
ǰǰٺ٣Ҳûа취ǼλĸϻҪ֪Ůˣһҵģ
ЦҰʡ
˵գǰǸŮߴﹾ˵һͨŮҶüۣɫܲÿҶȻǼͣعͷŮܼܲ˵ӣ󿴹һԼ֪鷳ˡ
Ȼ߻ҶЦҡͷֵܣŮ˵ˣеˣˣ뿪Լļ޾ˡһؽȥͬʱӵġ
ҶЦԼɲ뵱ˣֵġ


186 ̽
Ļֵܣ㲻Ը⵱Ѿ˹ˣҪӦֻ¹һԴɾѱˣļأǴӦ˰ɣ˹ǿһˣٻܲ
Ҷ޷Խ飬ǾֻȴӦȻһ͵͵ߡ
Ҷͷһ
ЩŮѾʼǸ´ˣҶֻðҰһߣҲЩŮӰŴ硣ǸŮҶ˵һͨެϽҶ룺˵ҰܷȻ͸廤ģ˰ȥ˵͵ľǣ̰һͷҰġ
ذѾȡˣҰҲ޹ؽҪҶͷӦˡǽʹӣҰ̧ˡ
ʰһ֮λ;ģһ磬͸ӵˣЩСѾ۷Ź⣬ԳЦš
Ǳ͵һԺӣѾĶˣһŻȴԲķ
Ժǰ̨ϣһϯѾһЩˣоλ˶ķһ˾ըռλãԱ߻ݵߺһ̬ϸ
͵ǰֱ£Ҷǹĥ䵽󣬲󼸸ȿֺǰ棬ŹҶһ
˾ǿʼߴ˵ţ˲ʱĺЦţ˾һֹŸֹŹֵʽڻصλϡ
һ˷ܣҶˣѾķɷˣУСģү
ҶҲװһ˷ܡţ˵Ҫȥͷ˾ơ
Ҷ֪ķߵǸߣǴԱߵĹˣšҲķĸĸ
ƵʱŮƺ⡣ֻǵһڡ
ķƣ⹫ǺƵɣÿ˺һơֵҶʱķ۾ˣҶȻоһɱаӾʲôɣ
Ÿǰľơ˺ܶ࣬һͨλѾЩվȣһλѾˡ
ҶľȻû£۾ĴѰѵĻᡣԺﶼˣעĿĶȻéǶ˸ţֻߡ
ڰƣҶļһ£ͷһȴһδ󺺣ģǳͣĺҶүǽ壬л͸ҵҰ
λԼҪҵˣҶаϲҪ̽ǼʵԼһҲ׷ˡ´ȭԭǽ廤ʧʧǸʲôġֻС飬ùϡ
ЦǾһˣҪүհ

⽭嵹ǿͽҶλŸ󱭡ȥλơҶǼ飬ⳡ棬ûа취̸飬ֻܵȵ˵⽭ͽԼԼ˵ġҲһʱ
һֱƵʱ֣ŽɢȥҶ඼ˣֲס˵ģѾ˶
иԵԺӣԺӶǰŵģҶһ䣬мŮźš
иŮ䣬ĽСòҲ㣬Ҷ̸˷ܣʱʱðĽ۹͵͵Ҷ̸ͨҶ֪ķҪλǵҪֵ֮⼸ԺúϢ
Ҷǵͷ˯ȻѾǽ壬óԵĿҲˣŪ飬ˣҲ̫ˣǳŮķŻȡʱȻǣʱҲߵ˼˯
ڶϣȥ緹ˣ˲֪ԭÿλҪͬԷġ
ȥ֮󣬹ûѾˡ
Ҷĸһۿܵ˶ķҵλүʱһֻݣףһ첲̧Ѿˣæô¡ǴүҪˣֻҡͷ˵ԽԽľҪʣķѾˣУĿаӵרĳԷҲ˵ʳԡòģֻ⡰޲˵ˡ
극ߴ˵һͨһԵĲҶ룬֪Ҫȥ㣬λͬ
˷ֱƥһӵĳױ£ڳǡǰһ㡣
һ·ϣҶ֪Ϊʲôλһ˵Ҫ˸߲ҵģԭŮϹʳһ磬һ˳ţǰӵߵİնǹڵţͷ̧
֮󣬹Ҫڲݰ棬Ⱦ˵Ǽ˵üɫģҶһ䶼ֻܸźȾơǹҲ˵ֻʱʱһۣÿһζҶһֺ⡣
ˣһֱǲŷ˳ǱűһĹԷȻԻط
һûмǽ壬ӳҲ湫
ϣķҶү
ҹ֮ҶԶ˵ĲҽаǶүɴһϽʣԳЦ˵û£ġ
ҶǼֲֵӣľѵλ˶Ĺĥλү
ڶϣ緹ʱ򣬿λүҶһֻͬҲǱףһһģô£ͬ˵Ǵүһͬӡ
һ죬ķҪĸȥһݼͣλ㡣һʱ䣬صǱѾˡûм塣
һүУΪլԺҶİҪһЩøУңЩëȻ
գλүͬҲǱף࣬ͬҲ˵ô¡
һ죬λķûгˣڳǱ԰ھдһӹŮԾ˵ЦϷλȻҪģַһʱ䣬ûм塣
һǲλүܵķңеöңΪլԺҶĸڡ
ĲҽҶ޷˯컹壬ԼͿʲô¼ƽԼСҪɲԸһҽˡ
ƺľӰүľϣǳ극ķ˵Ҫһȥλ͡
Ҷһʱ˾񣬼ȻҪͿ϶ܼ廤컹̽ϢԼֻ취ˣҪȻϿɾͲˡ
ŹүԺ䣬һزʽϥšһᣬŷˣǸϽȻ¡һᣬ˵ȲĿ˽ǱŴˣǵĳſڵš
һᣬһˣװΪһλཫ˳ſڣŷЦŸ
˲֪Ϊ׵λ׵ĽެפȾͳ˧дɡ
Ⱦӵͳ˧ܵԲʲôΰɣ
Ҷֹ
ҶŸ˽ܣ̬Ⱥܰģֻǹ֣ûбıʾø˵һ䡣Ǽ˶ķ֮󣬺ڡ
Ҷôһֱע⽭Ķ򡣽ߣʱȻûл˵ġ
ܿˣʱɽҶΪŮͬĩϯǻһ
ϯ䣬ҶžƵĻᣬ˽һ֮󣬶ԽмСһ£𣿡
ظһû˵ĵطҶһΪѵӣģиøڴԾһССĻﳤϴθ溫УξѲߣެڣǵĴذΧеͶˣȥ֮󣬲ְдͽ̡һֱúί
һ飬ϵЦˣҶһۣû˵
Ҷ֪Щˣǲò˵ôıΪúУξˡ϶Ǳˣ뷭Ҳ߰飬Ⱦˣ޶޿ӣڣ˵ʱ̸еģһ£ʱ龿ô£ȻҪ漰ܲ˵ˣûϵġ֪ʵҲûã˭Ҳ˰ӣһĲ
ͷ룬Բ飬һĲ˵Ϊ漰ܵ飬ң˵ҲﲻΪ漰ˣһССﳤܷ˵ġܱǸ
ҶæЦЦûû£Ҳôһʡ˵ˡ
־Լǲе㲻λӣֵҿ͸©һ㣬Աģ飬ǺУξװԩģֻͽ̣סˣӦ֪ˣ


187 
ҶһУξԩģô˵ʱûнеͶ˼ˣ
ҲǺȾˣЩزסԼ죬˵һ䣺ȻˣެֵڰǵĹ޸ǵգôأϴǼ飬ĿĵģΪˡ˵˹ҶƣҲͰѽĻˡ
ҶȾ֮ٻͷʽ壬ѾԼʧˣٲ϶˵ҲͣƣҶҲûлĻ
Ҷصϣһ߳Ծƣһ顣
嶼϶һԩȷ˵ǺУξԩģıǵʲôıأ
ҶΪˣѾȷϺУξİԩ飬ǸϽñķԸǰĸһԸԼһʱò⡣ҽһ¡
ǣľԵģܿɢˡɽ飬ҲŽȥˡķȴȸˣصԺ֮ҪȾƣҪϹȭ˭Ҳ׼뿪Ҷûлҽ壬ҲûлῪ
һֱȵۿɫҶûлᣬͬʱҲû¾ĲԼֱķ˵ɢˣҶҶԺӡҶѾûѡֻӲͷƤˡ
ǿķһ⣬ҶݺٵȤûС
֮󣬸ǽķŮ̧һӽǽߣȻȥˣѷϣֻ
ķðĺ·ѣ
û취ˣԼҪݺˣҶһᣬ·ķҲˣһ⿴ǴĿġҶϽͷ
ķߵǰӣȡһӣҶ˹ŬŬ죬ӣ
ҺܴммҶһһʲô
ķ˵һ䣺ӣֳмŬŬ죬ͬʱһӡ
군ˣʲôǸ̬ϲСӵSMҶ̬Ⱥܼҡҡͷ
ķЦģˣߴ˵һͨެܼ񣬲ʱָӡ
Ҷ´ɣµвԼԼ˵
ķŭӣֻȴķ֣ץסҶ첲һӽ
⹫ôҶоԼ첲类סһ㣬ҪԼ񣬹˲Լ첲ֻ¾Ͳˡ
ڣΪʲôǼλеҡ
ǣ֪ҪٵԶԶֹЩ
ķ־ţһֻšʹҶһ߷ûҶҪҪţķѾƤһ˳ȥˤڵϣļ
ţķݺýųԴ˹ȥ
ҶǴһģҪǱһ˫Уֻϴһ춼ϴϱߵζŵꤴһ㿪һš
ķСС۾ԲˣߴﹾһͨȥߣҶֻܶỹ֡
ķۿ߲ҶøҽУַӣȡһıӣҶݳȥ
Ҷķ鲻
ǣķˣִóһһҶ˹ȥ
⹫̵ģһҪԴϣǻ군⹫ֱ˵˿ɷȻҲҪ´˺֣
ķԴʱҶʩչƮƮ㿪ˡ
ż¶򲻵Ҷķ嵽ſڣţߴɱ˵˵һ󴮡
İԲŮҶΧ£˹ȥ̫ˣҶ޷ܣֲִܶˣЩͬ׳ŮƺܹרŵѵҶŤסϡ
Ҷʵʵ֮ķһӡЩŮֳˮһ˳ȥ˷š
ķųҶȭߡ
ȭͷ˵ҶϣҶˣķΪʲôҪѡɷ򣬾Ϊ˸ɳڹȭͷ֮ǰѾ鲼ȫķȭͬһ㣬ʹҽУͬʱҲӷץϵĳޣͷͳҶǣҶ֮ǰ𲻵á
ķܿ췢һ㣬Ȼ֪Ҷл֪ҶûΪı׶ʹҽУҪþЧûеõƤޣһɭɭĶ̵ҧгݳҶ˹
ҶŵˣԿȭߣȴûа취ǹ롣ֵķιιҪʲôϹ
ķ˵Ļˣ˿ҲûʲôжġŵӣЦţ쵽ҶĴǰһȥѪʱʳ
һѪķʱ۷Ź⣬ӣͷȥѪ
ţķվЦӳĲȥ
ҶҲ޷ܣȥʲôӣܷǺϵƽѩ£ӱҪ
Ҷ̧źݺһţķ˶Ķϣһߵõɳȥ춯ص˵ϡ
ķҽУӵϵǸݺݳҶ˹
군ˣĸˣ
ķǱҶˣǰĸɷһèһ裬ҶӣһŽ߷ɣķûܵĴ˿Ѿ裬ʲôˣԲˣųҶԴȥ
أ˵ʲôģҶһأϵϣһͷصԴղŵλã
ˣ
ǸöϳڣһַΪû̮
ķĲԼɱ֣ҶŭٲԲһȭķ˶Ķϡ
ķƺһʱ̱˵ϡȻѾˣҶûд֣ͣȺúýѵһ٣ЮΪӳȥ
ҶͷһȭţķȴûвҽУֻǱͷᡣ
Ҷɳһݺݽķһ֮žͷݺݵķӳȥ
ķһֱ۾ģ˿ȻûҶĻ
ҶתſߣԼǸһЩн룬ǴȴķסˣݺһҧҶĴϣ
Ҷ벻Ȼһ֣һʱ˾ѾҧѪܵġҶһŽ߷ɣץϵƤޣԲһͨ޳飬ķһȫǺ˵ı޺ۡ
ķһߣסԴҶ֣֮ͣҶϱ龹Ȼܡ
ҶʱĪѵǸŰ񣬶һǸŰӴϷҿ
Ҷ±ӣҪȥǸ룬ֱķӺ汧סҧҶѾ׼Уǿطһ㣬ķˣѽһҶһţ˶߿Ҫ˵ȥˣ
˵գ˷ţе䣡
£ԼϽһۿҶȫ㣬ѽһס۾ȴ͸ָ
ҶһɫŮҪķ˵ҷ룡
ǣݣķȫǱˣȻûгԾƺֳѾϰΪˡ
ҶѷŹϣùӴϣ˵Ҫ壬ѽл˵
æˣķ˼䣬æ˵ʱѾдɽȥ˱߾˵дƵľӽˣҪȥץˡ
ҶһϽô¡ķȴֻ֪֪һ㡣
ķ˵ţҪҶҶݺݸһţʹö˵ϡŹҲȣֻ۾ĿҶ׳ӡ
Ҷת˼£ϲȥ˵Ҳȥ֣ظһȥ˵꣬룬ּһ䣬Ҫǰ飬ӻú棡
۾ȣߴܲһԸ룿
Ҷ˾ﰵ̵룬Ҳźһ٣аҪǹԹԵͿԡ
һĻʲôҾʲô
ˣ췭룡
ķ룬ķϲüңϽӦˣ·
·ʱʹģҶע⵽һһģԭԼôأôңҪ֪ɾ鷳ˡһֱƺҲ֪ԱûˡԷġ
·ķȥܿͻˣ˵Ѿˣ֪Ǹطϱȥ
ҶķƵʽһҶҲ׼ķԾǼˡ
ǵʱسǹЩĥĥߴߴģķһӣϽ˳š


188 
ǰɱķҪҶҶ˫Ťá
ߵҹڵҪȥĵطһɽȡ³Ҫɽˡ
ҶˣӷжϣӦǸƱ߾ˡ
ɽɲķǿոһС·ķˡҶֻøһߣһ·ţڵ߲
ҶֻñߣҪһٽصɽɲһ׵飬ɱˣҶǿڻ£ķϲͣ˵һԵ䷭룬޷ǿ佱ҶϲԺҪͳ谮ҶһˣֻһˣҪˡ
Ҷﰵ̵ģӿɲǱ̬Ϸһ꣬شơ
ɽɽǱһҶʱһֻɽϵǻѣյͨɽһЩˣҲŻѣٵöࡣ
ɽģӦþǱΧƾѵУξıҪ
ǰߣ˰Χެӣʲôˣȵ֪ķϽ¼񣬰Ǵһ
ǾĽ塣ǣǾȡϽý
ɽû˵ķ˵ˣҶ룬֪ķ˵ڳǱ̫ˣ̣ʹҶˡ˵ķ⣬ԭŰɫ˵ûʲôÿģƾֻˣǧˣҲ׼ƴɱֻǽеͶͷ뿪ǻûдӦ߾ţţûгԺȵƾջӦеͶġûʲôÿģҶϴķȥ
ҶϽӦˣȴķʹһɫķ䣬֪Ҷȥ飬֡
߱˶ķ޴ڵסͬʱҶͻȻ֣һڴɽĲϣǸ佫书Ҳ벻ŮȻ֣ҶĶ̫죬⧲ʱУ赽ϡ
ţҶӺһķĺԣ裬һȭϲѣҲȥѸסҪе졣
⼸¿磬仹ӦеʱСѾҶס
ҶҪУȻһûУ
侪ֵؿͷ
Ҷſ֣ͻȻһס졣
ҶҪϣвȻЧʱһЧ䳤ҲǲģһҲԿ
Ǵ㵣ӦסĲӣǿ׳ӣ̰ػš
Ƭ̣ҶŷſҺϲ㡣䣡
伤ȫҲϲ㣬ϲүΪʲô
ҶǶס죬Ƭ̣ɿҪΪʲôȻ㰴˵ҪǹԹҾʹȥƣòã
ϲˣ棿
ţҶͷȥĽн˵
ã񣬸˵ˣûκλɣȥ㿴ŵļˣһͬʱĲϱסһɭɭذסŤͷһȴҶ
循ʣʲô
㣬ңҪǲͣкǾǰ
ɱ
Ҷذһƺ̫
оһʹ֪Ҷǵģ˵
Ҷŷ쿴ű˽
ͷÿһ쿴档
ҶԽڸңݺУξģ
ǵ˵⣬ҪȻݺһУξʲô
ǵˣ˭
Ծ򽫣滹ˣ˵˱ݣ
Ҷֳһʣôģͷ˵
Ǽ֮ǰǸƾһֱϵܺãҲȥԾ򽫳Ծƣһ죬һСӵĽƱ˵Һģϰһ飬ʲô£˵ᰲһƾѲߵʱެڣãǰΧǽеͶҳһΪʲôҪõĹϵġ˵ģƾֻ룬ǼȻǵĵ̣ǵȻԽеʹ߹ϵŵġΪʲôҪҪǲ˵ҲԸ͸ˣ˵˱ǵ㡵״
Ҷһݣֻ룬ô
˵ˣǰ룬ǣʱǻӵĺУξүǽެ׼ץӶߵսΪǻʵެùϵԱ㼯߾ҪԶެñʵһŭɱġ
Ҷĥ԰ԼľУξһֱ˵ެڣû˵ǳެ²ʣأ
˵Ȼȥһ¡Ҹ˵֮¹ϵش״ӦȥŲ䣬ΪެפоӡפĴɽ˵ˣ˵ܺãô죬˵ʱӹԮ
ҶΪʲôҪôѵƿս
û˵
Ҷ룬ϵشҪ֤Ȼúɽ
Ҷ˵
ҰϢ򽫣̶ʱ䣬ȻǵĴ˵õɽȡƾѲ߶ӱǺУξģѲ߶ӵĸ˧˧򽫵ˣѾ顣ƾ˱߾֮ЮެڣǽȦ֮󣬱ǴذΧҼȥ̸У˧ѾУξǽެġУξ̬ȺܼȻ̣ܿûһֱѶ˺Уξ죬ûнֱеͶҪˡ˵д̡
Ҷ֪࣬ԺУξ˾⣬ԭģУξ˧Ю֣ȻެؽͽеͶǣڱЮֵ£ңһֱܾʹǽެһֱڱ㡣ȴɱˣһȷԩ
ҶֵΰΧЩƾô£ǵı
һλĲǼƻģƾǱެʲôˡǵõ֮ɽǴɽΧǣǽеͶġΪʲôҲ֪
ˣҶһѵԼ򸱵ˣ
Ҷڽͻһƣ衣ӰѴɽסȻˮѡ롣ʼѶʡ
ɽ֮󣬲֪ô£ͱҶذ׵ס˺ʣΪʲôҪݺУξǣ
ɽǴ󽫣£ߴ˵һͨЩΣûȫҶ룬ֻǼ򵥵˵ûкúûش𣬷
ҶŭֺסĲӣս
ɽֽű󶯵ã۾ԲˣҶʼסҶſɽٵغԣǣֱҶסγʱֱɽˣַſ֡²ԵΣҪشҵʻһ㣡˵㻰
ֽʽǿֲȵӼڲϸֲԣھԵ֮󣬴ɽױˣͷԸ˵
ҶһʣΪʲôҪݺУξǣ㲻´ƺެ𣿡
ɽݺУξǵ飬ûв롣ܰΧеǱެĴƾӣǾҵĹ͡ңǾˣΪ̶ŵģҲںƿս
ҶֱЦãӾȻΪԼϣƺެս
Ҷ䷭룬ôɽӳءɽͷӦˡҶذ׵סĺģҪˣϸ˵ûи
Ҷɿɽӣһץסĸ첲һֻذ׵סĺģȻ
ɽôоӳأƾ뿪
һֱţֱص񣬸Ҷ˵ʵʵҶĻ˵ģûˣ
Ҷһƽ裬ȻͽӰһٰķ·˵ϣֻ¶ɽԴǰͷɢڵס˶ĿΰԺһ𣬵Ǹķزˡ
ţҶ˱ڱϣǰ濪·ѯ˵ķ߲ˣţҪس
Ҷ˼ðķһ·ɽߡ·ެʿʣƭ˹ȥǳɹ뿪ެӣϵɽ
ͷֻԭȰΧɽȵެ½󳷣ΧƾѸٳ룬һ
ɽصǰҶȥʽ˵óʽԼ·ȥԼҪȥ¡ǳʽæӦˣ³ˡ


189 ˻
Զ֮Ҷűǰ˷ϳȻߡҸҶһ˳벻ŮЭԼ룬Эͬץ˽ʹɽˣûа취ެȥˣҶҲԶţشơڼôǣԼûи飬Ȣ檣Ҫʵʵ˵һ˵ͨĽڡ
Ҷ§С䣬˵ʵȻҺϲ㣬Ůҵ檵ģԣҪңֻҵѾߣҪǲԸ⣬ҿԸһǮСʲôġأ
ЩȻͷҪһ𣬵Ѿ߾͵Ѿߣʱʱͺá
ӻǶ飬ҶЩж§ڻһء
ǵƱ߾ȻƾڿʱƺެĹϵԣԱûܵκƣǵҲ˳ͨˡ
ʱɫѾ˵·ǰԾ
ʱǻص˾
سǵıʿҶ۾ɴˣ־ϲӣˣɰǼˣѾȥެȥˣ
ԭެӰΧĹȻǣҶȥ֪ͨǣ˵ѾȫˣмҲҪżŸϻݣǸϽ׼һЩˮ
ʿϽӦˣһ߷ȥǣһ߸׼ţ⡢ӱһˮˮҶǰݣʱ·֪˰ĳҲϤˣؼ֪ϲ·Ĺؼ
Щʿ֪ԻҪѰңȵҵǸϢ׷ԼѾ׷ˡǳƥģٶȺ
Ȼһ·ǰУǲû׷ڶ磬˳صݡ
Ҷ÷լԺ佻˵ԼҵѾߡ÷ܾȣ벻˳ȻһòެŮѾߡҶ˵ú֣أ֪ŮӲһˣǺؽӴ
Ҷûнݣֱ
Ҫֱլ֪ӦҶլңֻ档ҶŰ廨Ĵɽͽ̧
Ҷ˵龭ˡһެĸֿѶˣȻҶ˵һ˱ͨ򽫹ެӣݺүǷǳҪϢ̫شԼѾˣү˵ˡ
㡾ˣ벻龹ȻѶ˴ɽͽˣȻˡ
㡳ãҶе鷿Ϸţ˵ô죿
ѾˣѺǣϣȻ֪ô죡ֻץ˱ǣı϶ǳ޼ɣһᵹĺûᣡ
û˵ĿҶأ
ҶѾԤ֪ʷ֪㡰ͻ뷿Űı˵޼ɺ˱ǣսɹݺ㡣һΡ֪ʷ޷ı䣬Ѿ룬Ҳվ;ͬ顣ԼʷԼĻԾǲ֮Ͻֵֻʫԣưֳ͢£ʵ벻ʲô⡣
㡵޷˵˵뷨ʵ뷨νԹ壬㲻ھУø
Ҳǰֵܣʹ󵨵˵ɡ
ҶֵлүΡҾͶ˵˵ҵĿղ˵û֪һֱ취ԸүһֱǵԽԽߣ뷴ǣǲʱ򷴻ҪˡҪ޼ɣүҪǻϡڵĻϣոյǻҲ֪ûó޼ɣǾʲôʱ򷴻Ĺؼڻϻδȣ˻߲Ҷ޼ɣôھͱȥǸϳ⣿ңϢ޷ܣҪó޼֪ˣǺ밡
ɫ΢䣬ͷ
ҶĻ˵㡵ĵҲ֪ԼλܻܵϣԸ֮ôӱǻΪۣؼǳ޼λȨ˾˵ͦ޼ɴ˿Ȩ㳯ҰʵҪֻ¸㲻û췴ֱƷʵۣһܡˣ齻ʵ۴ֻ²Ҵ㸴ӡ
뵽㡺ؿҶһۣ⻹̣ʱգӦܳΪԼһı۰
ʵôźã
ô죬ҶѾˡһçײˣ϶Ҫı󶯡µȻڻǻػĺʱǾȰͻެȥެֱӸ͢Ҫˣ״ݾߡҲûиô
㡻ͷ˵ûȻֻܷܳأͬʱҪ֪Ҫ˲Ҫ˵
Ҷð죬Ҿǡ
ã㸺ǻȥͬʱҪǲ˵
ס
̾˿УξΪ˲ңԸԼȥ֮ʿӦԩȪǣҪǸƽԩ˱Ͼͻ֪ѾǵıݾߡԣУξԩʱܷԺɣʱ죬һ溫Уξġִ£ȥͰѺˣҳһĵȴ
ҶæӦǳѴɽͽϣǣ˳⣬ҶŸɰ󣬹ֵԲסλһᡣλԻȥˡ
ɽͽο϶ˣ벻־ϲŵҶ
ҶģүǱެ顣û뵽ǡķףΪҴλ֪Уξİ˱ǹǹͬµıݺǴһˣүԲʡѾˣү˵ŴƺެѺڰĹϵڷǻȥǣҪǣЩıùģرǴɽ㣬սýҵΪԼ˽ͷսֻⲻެ͢Ը⿴ġ˵ףǵ޸ɲŮһˡ԰ɣҪǻȥ˵˱ǣүʱֻܹĿڹˣֻ˱ݲǵǵĳ͢Ҳ⡣һԴҶá
ɽ巭ҶĻ֮󣬲ɶͷðȻ֪ڳ͢ƿսȼȡ¹Ȼ룬ͷ˵Ƶ顣ԼҪެ֪͢ˣֻ»ᱻطġЦ˵Ķԡģᣬǲ˵ҲҪ˵లá
Ҳͷлַ̧ǣһܡҪ˵һ֣
ǴɽҲŷġ
ҶЦЦǣˣ߰ɣ
ǧлެ
ҶĻߣ˻صެެĴѰǡǻ־ϲѾһ˵ǣ˵ҶԸ⵱ԴǣǱɽͽ巢ˣһ·׷˴ƣܵˣԾͻˡķ־ŭȴûа취ֻĸƽϢҲûٸ˱ݵϵûа˵ȥ
Ҷλ֮ȻؼңԼȥʷҡ
һĲáʷˣ֣ôˡ
Ҷûصȥľԣ
ʷһȥԾˣ
ǰ˵ȥԣǴԵʱһͷܸߴ׳ҰںྐྵȻΪ˱øҰұҰ˺üɽͷѳºһ˵ʷںôôһ˰ˣҿɲȢϱƷ⣡
ʷҶϡ˺ۣﻹлɣ³̫ˣǰΪѾܳˣһξȻԲסֵܣʧˣȻ¾ôˣҸ˵ǲ׼㡣ϸһ£һΣһĴҹ㣡ұ֤
ҶֵллǼ棬ҪǺˣ¡˫á
УҲȸᡣ
Ҷ뿪󲻾ã򸱺ŮںǾҹϵ˹ʷĸڡǵ֪ҶѾƽأ쳣ˣ˵ҶǶ𣬾ֱˣо鲻ˣǸŮҹ̸ϻݡҲֱȥҶʷҡû뵽ǻû˵飬ʷͷһٳ˵Ҫᣡ
ںѣȴҲ˵
򸱳ϻ̳ϿֵǸǺŮˡ
ûм죬ͻȻϢ˵˧ڼͻˡֹһʱ䣬һ·ϣƥͻȻܾ£򽫱ˤˣزˡ
ҶϢ֪˸ɵġ㡲ܶ˱ݺ͹ʷǶĨŲܸ޼ɳϹϵˣȴҪ̫ģֱɱ


190 
ʱܿ쵽¡
Ҷٽ濢ˣլԺҲˡǣһ˰ᵽլԺլԺȻܴ󣬵Ǻܾ£ȳ÷ԭȵǸСլԺҪܶ࣬ҲƯܶࡣŵ˹ĵҶһǨʽǱҶܾˡƣ˿ʵ
صҲɹ죬ҵ⣬ǳ͢ġҶúܳɹǵһ͢Ӧ߾ǰߵҶ׬һʡ̵ʯϡɽĳۣ׬һʡٽ̵ĳ档ҶȻ˵׸ҲǰеĴ󸻺ˡ
Ҷ㡵Ϣ㡺𾪣һֱĥô޼ɶû˼ָ¼Ҷֻصϰࡣ
ϣ˱ͻȻٳӲ죬䣬նҶζ˵һ䣺ϢǳҪѾˡƾϵܣ͵ŷɻڴɣ
Ҷ˷ܵЩĪʲôţô£ף˱Ѿ߿ˡҶһССҲ׷һ͢Ʒ˵ֻڶԺлʡ
磬Ҷɢó׼ؼң㿴һŮ´ƮƮվԼȴд㡵ĺ
ͷź֮ǰҶһֱûкɫвҪɱҶ㡵ͷҲûиҶһЦûһлڿҶüҲûǣתԼߡ
ǰסιл˵
Ҷشܸɴ࣬ٲҪߡ
ϵ㡵ģҲ
Ҷһ㶣վסˣ˵գ
һ̵ֲЦ⣬ƺոһʹ飬һβסĿģ鲻˵㵽ٳʯµңʱ㡣סϢϵ㡵ҲϵСҪǲҴһڣ
Ҷüãһ
ºȭͷܣºҪǺñУǾܾǣܵı£ҶǺŵġرǿ֮ѧ˷ȻҲһķգ˵ᰵ͵ϮֿԲΪҪ͵Ϯ֪͵ϮԼȥĳصط͵Ϯֱڰ͵ϮЧο˵ϵ㡺Լ˵úܵ⣬Ҷã˵ѡԣҶðһգȥʲôϢ
Ҷ÷˵ԼмҪȥ÷Ҳʲô飬ҶԼԼݳȥʽ
Ҷ˳ٳ£ͣǰ棬ϵϣԼ˺ʯ
һգǶģȿֺգ۾߸ߵʯΡǿ£ֵһѾлˣֻҶ´µġ
Ҷվʯ£칢̴ʯԾµӣ˿ַ·𿴼ѪܵʬڲݵϵӣЩëȻ
ʱҶ˺ǳ΢ӽԼûתҲû¶Ѿӣʯôӣ
Ҫүͷģ
ҶĽӽΪᰵϮԼѾ׼벻ȴվڼԶĵط˵ˣ֤֮ǰԼжûڲ붯֡б
ҶתǿܿļӰҶҹ˯ʲô¾Ϳ˵ɣ
˯Цұ֤ҵĻ֮󣬾Ҳ˯ˣ
ŶǾͰĻ˵
һ˵ģ֮ûɱ㣬ҪϢ־صȴ٣ֻйдޣ
ҵʲôˣôĥң
㲻ұɱ㡣㻹ڽʲôӣ˵Скӣҡң⻹𣿡
Ҷ̾һ˵ˣʱΪ˾㡣Ҳˣ㸸׵飬ʵ㣬үڲ㸸׵İӣӦţһһġҲţ㸸ܵĴԩҲͬ
ޣݺһڣ˭ϡЩĵͬ飡
ҶͷˣﵱǾûҪ¡Ҷ֣¾˵ƨͷţʱܱ󡣡
Ͼ޵ʱ򣡡ЦЦܶû˼ңҲûе·ЦҲᾪ˵ġ
ЦһͻȻúתͺ죺ȸ˵£˼Ĺ¡ΪɱҸױү棬үиʱҲǱ븮̽飬һֱҲ֡һΣǱ¬޹һҪ֡
Ҷһ˵ʱ¬˽ͨʱ˵һˣѾ߿ҹԽǽ¬޹ֻûп嵽˭ҲûпŮô˵ǵʱѾ߿ǸˣӦþǺˡǸ¬˽ͨˣ벻ȴǱд̵ĺ
˵¬޹䱸ҪһЩǱڷп˵˵ʱһʹߣ֪˭𣿡
Ҷø˵ûлش
ЦԼ˵˳Ǹʹ¬һţ
Ҷͷһλǰ㡾ı󰸵ʼٸߣΪϹŰĸ緿ֱοظ˵ֱϷԼ޼ӧ鴦˰ȻһıŰ޻㡵һ崦ˣһ֣Ҷɵþľסʵ¬ţ¬ʲôϵ
ǵĹϵ㶼֪㻹㡵ʲôĸĹ֪ɣ
β֪ƿԪѫƳ࣬ġ̸󡱶ʮĿ֮һֻûʲôգ˵ļ͵˴ùĶӾǸɷŰΪı
Ҷ¬ʲôϵ𣿡
ԭ¬ϵֶŮ¬˰ɣ
Ҷһԭ¬׹ùþǷţѹҪȢ¬¬¡صؽᡣԭΪ˸¬Ҳ׵ıá
ŵųʹŸ¬¬֮˰죬ʹ˵˺ܾãǸǰһ̬ȣԸ֣ҲߺȰ˵ʹȥתȰ˵Ūûġô˵Ȥ֪¬ת沢Ȱ˵ʲô顣ǵʹ֮¬׼ǷŷڵƻյģǺûУǰŲױ̨İƫɱҷˡǵ˯֮ȡšڣ²£˵ʲô
ҶѾزſ϶뽫ķŰıйأɫ˵ʲô
ԭ˵ˣ취о䲿𣬲ҹ࣬鿴ʺϵĶʱϣ¬ܰ˵㡣һɾʹ¡
ҶͷһݣȻıйأô˵ģǸıͼǳ޼ݺģ
ȻſøǣҪ㡣ԵʱûаͱȥǣҸˣΪǷ֮ҷĽ䱸ǰɭϣҸûֱĻᡣԣֻܶš֪ô֮ص𣿡
Ҷӵ˼ά֪
ûҾǷӣ쳹֣ԭഺҲŤˣΨһ˱ԩһ˹ϣ˭Ҫ裡
蹷һҧ
ûֻҪҧǣҾ͵һ蹷Σ
ðɣҵҧǣ
ҵȻ֪־ȥͷ֮ޣ
Ϣţظ¹²ͣҶû˵ƽһЩ˵ұͷ֮Щ죬ûа׹ҹģ壬ҪдǼ֣ڣд˸һģһּŵ󼸸дǹı¡ŵĽβհ״⼸֣Ը
Ҷͷһһ𣬾ͳıǵóԸˣǲ˵֮ǰʾҪı¡Ը˵ı֮
ЦͻȻͣסһһʱǱ̽飬Ѿ̽˱һֱ㡣ֻǼζûɹǣҾͰţ͸˱ݣң壡
Ҷɵˣҵ壿
ǣҼðѾߣ͸˱ݣҪ֪͵͸˱ݣôԴνĸҲɱ㣬ɱ㣡ҿɱˣȴɱȹ֪ʲôζ


191 װ
Ҷȫ˱ˮУܻ㡭ӣΪʲôô
ΪʲôݺݵҵΪر߽ŻѪԹ޻ڣȴôһ仰ˡ㡾һ𱨵ˣǣǰȴǵòȻһٴȱӡҾҪҴĿľˣҾҪɱ㣬˾֪һıСˣֲܶ˵ΪʲôҪɱ㣬ֻưͳԻп˵Լܿͻᱻıﴦųնֻ㱨ҵĴ𣡹
Ҷ֣һȭ򺫱ѣ
зƮƮɿЦҶ˻ȴһУֻǴЦѾ˵ˣɱҶҪɱԱҴνļߡֻܣ֡
һ̣ҶЩˣΪʲôúѧ书ڿһǿڶֻܲʱöԷûа취֡
ǣҶվסˣͻȻҲǹЦ
ͣסЦЦʲô
Ц׳գΪ¬ţˣ
ɫһʲô˼
㣬¬ִڰŶʧ֮үȻ鲻ű˭͵ˣѾеش󣬶ңԸ÷ʮү¸ʥϣʥѸȥʵȻ񶨣˵ǷŸͲдģʥϺ˶˱ʼǣȻǸֱʡǸνʹϸûˣҲûɳκݣԣݺûã㻹ԭԭңҺ£벻ȴҵ֪ı㲻ǰ׳ʲô
ƭˣҧŭղΪʲô߳ŭҪץң
˵׳ˮҶЦʥϺ֪˭Ȧף֪ˣԭ㣡ҵȻҪץ鰸书Уץ㣬һȥˣҲܵ˺ܲ
ŭŲдģѪˣ
ǲдģȥʥϺү˵ȥرʥϣ֪˭ôøϴдүѾݺүү᲻ٴлʵ飬֪࣬˵գҶתܡ
벻ȻֽҪҶȥô˵ԼɾǻʺҲʺˣ
һţ׷ȥݺݵھɱ㣬ҿ㻹ô˵޷ʵԭȵļƻֻ˶Σɱ
˵գ׷ҶʮɣسҶĺĻһȭ
ˣ
ҶһҽУǰˤƹڵϴ˼ڵϣһˡ
ƮߣһۣͻȻַһţݺҶѣҶߵúɳȥײһڴֵϣǿײأҶӰ£鴤ûУѾڿоͶˡ
ǺûŹȥǺݺһţҶ߷ɣһײٴγȥһţνҶߵײʯϣһ£ʯڲ
Ҷǽ壬ųһЦô㣡
˵գߵҶߣ£巭תֹȥĿڣȷǷѾ
ͻȻĸоҶɴһûнһķӦ͸оһǿ֮ԼסͬʱԼڵǿȱ̵ĺˮϲ
һϽ֣ȴճҶĿһ㣬޷ء־ŭҶţҪҶԴĳɸϣ
أ
ƻҶӺڰӭƣճһӣϵʧ죬ԭȵһɱɣֱִֻʶҶ壡
ˣվŹǣѾԼĿƣܵĶǶá
ԼĹڿʧҶ壬ȫܿͿգһѹԼľȥܿͻΪһ߿ݹǣ֪Ϊʲô״Ҷ۶ǰ
Ҷ׼ϴľѪܱԼͷ֮ޣǿⰧɫҶ뵽ĸ׺УξԸ溺ӣŮֻΪᣬһϵе飬˵Ҳпԭ
ǣҶһգԴԴȻֹ
ȫһ㣬Ȼ˱⾫ѪĶˣȫѾȫҶߣһС־裬ʹԭĵѾտҲڣ޸֮ˣʱһƬȫ̱Ҷǰ
ǰҶ֣ãҶ޷ץֲߣֻøղŵĻѻƭϣԼлᷴסˡֻǺһȭţʮȻҶܵУĺɣ˾ֻסһ⼸£ͬ飬ͷϵһûĻȥҪǺϼţ϶ˡ
˿̣ȫʹǣͷȼգﻹʲôϧ뷨ܺ˿̵һ㸾˻磬ֺ̧ؽ˫ؽ¶жˣʹúȥ
Ҷ°ͣƽʵ飬ûľѪ㵱ֻΪĸף֪ĸһ溺ӣϧʶôŮ
˵ҶͻȻһס죬³Ұţ漴ݺҧ촽һڡʹúһҽУҪҧʱҶȴ˿ˣһۻţЦղߵúˬǰɣӹͷӶɢˣҪӵһռһֻһ⳥ְɣ˵գȻ۵Ҳݺҧһڡ
벻ҧԼԼΪĻһ㽿öſ۷ֱھȻµͣ
ˣί䣬ߵҶ
û뵽񶾵黹ں棬ҶȻһѾסһֻ飬ݺţʹߣ䣬СƵģ˻ţɱҰɣ
ҶЦģӾԲŹġҪȼɱٺٺ١˵գץ½һ˺һ½¶˫飬¹ͬʥѩ塣
Ҷһ£ѾʧȥǵͷԣһƬѩ׻Щǡ̧ͷ򺫱˫ۣҧ촽籩滨
Ҷݺһ˦½󣬵ס˫壬Ц̫ӿžͱˣûȤ㡣ǰʬˣ˵գץסͷߡ
оԼͷƤҪˣţ£ʵ֪ɱԼд㡾Ѿ׼ȥ衣
Ҷϧ֮飬һֱץһͷ㷢Ӳų֮⣬Լϡߡ
޳ܱɵĶ
Ҷ־һƣžһشںϡĽһҶһ䣬Ҵһƣ㲻Ž
ڱסǼɵصڹĹ챾£³ǰ׻ǲ˵ˡ
·һ֣ŮؤͰ͵ڽֽǡҶץֽߵĻǮӣ³ȥˡ
ղҶĻʱ򣬺ΪҪᱡԼҧۣﱯȴҳû뵽ҶǮȻûûռˣϲǣ֪ԼǮ׼ȥʲô
Ҷ³֮ߵŮؤǰһָۣĸһŮؤ·ҡ˵գǮеǮ˳һؤǰؤˣôǮ˵Լһ˶ûҪؤ³õȹû⣬ϲȫȻ˲úߣҹɫѹԼ·òֵݸҶﻹͣ˵ллؤˣžȻôǮһòؤ
Ҷӹؤֵϵһң
ŮؤǾȣæðϵһҶм
Ҷؤһȳ࣬תϳǰС
ſͣ£ͷźͷԼǰͳᶨţ۸Ƿţݺүұ뱨үܿͻ㣡ҪǱץˣѾĹһд̣һıٺõĶҲٿˡġˣҪ͸ʵʵҰţҪǱ˷㣬ˣûУ


192 Ůؤ
ѾҪԼŪʲôطȥɱڵģû뵽֪Ҷ˵ģֻҪ֪Լı飬ɱԼ֪ΪʲôҶΪʲôҪԼԼǰ¶Ҫɱġɴһ£Ϊʲôң
Ҷ֪˵һΣҪˣһǧӶǡҪǾ㸸ףҲŲˣڿʼұװưͣһֶ׼˵
˵գҶѥǰѷذףסͷͷ˸䡣Ȼϵ׻·³ֻʣ£ȽһȳĨѩ׽۵Ͳӡֱ۵¶λŽֳòؤϣҸá
ɳζѬûȥ֪ؿҶ
Ҷ书ѾûˣҪǳȥץĹپֻ֣·һҪڿʼǸ˵ؤҪȥܣ㲻ҪϴҪκ˵ȻҪҲɵ㣡ʱǻҵ£
ֵ֪ؿԼ¶Ҫɱ֮ˣȴôԼҲ֪Ҷ˵ʵ޸֮ҪߣһѰʿץԼҪܶһ٣ǻӵ
׼д̵ʱҪŷԼȻǺģ˶ǲԸװ׾ȥܻˣûϣȥġҶȻֱܴǲ֪ôģﷴһůʡ˵һллɻߣȴô²
Ҷϻһ˫廨ЬǰؤЬˣ廨Ьӽ˳ˮץĽѾӣӳˮһ࣬Ĩ棬һ˫绨һ㽿۵ĽĨĿȫǡ
Ū֮ǰš
ܿ죬ֵžͿˣһ˯ʵ̽ͷ´һҶΪȽϺڣȻǹ⣬ǲ׷ֱ棬ʵǡ
ٳõִ£Ҫϣ
ðѽһϳҶ֪ҶǶ˻ʦֿ̫ѣǱͨʦ̫ľˣĸҵϽţӭ˽ֿҶ󻹸һˣһͷ̷߰Ƶģͷ棬ȻǸؤоֲҶʣæϷţ뵽ȥ
ܿ죬ͨ˵Ķˣ˯ʵģȵؿҶߵŮؤ
ҶΪ컹мҪŴţʵڱǸ
Цʩˣ˵ʩʲôԸҪĽãҪ˵ҹСˡ
ͨɻҶߵĺ磬ǡ
ģҰ漰һ֤ˣǸؤǸư͡ļ˶ˣ˴̼޷Ҫǲܣֻ¾Ҵɶģǿ𣿡
ͨϽӦС£ʩܷģǻúչһί
ͨҲͷ˵ǣ߹ȥź֣´һ£ģȴȥϴ裬ٰͷɾˣһۣǼܣӦģġ
˵ͨƱ㰡ţҰڣҶ㡣
ҶЦˣϷıµϽΪȥ˹Ȼ߾Źȣʼղϴϴ裬˭ȰУһһǾˣùܣֻҪһ۾ˣţ˼ö档˵Ļ
ܺͨ໥һۣܵҪͰȥغԺˣǱֵĽأֻҸͨܽ룬ͺܼˡ
ҶϣģæͷǺãͰλ졣תĺļ򣬵ˣΪ֮
ͷûпҲû˵ۿȴѾʪˡ
Ҷ֮ô죬Ϊ庫ĸԩˣһ֣֤ıԼżʧ飬Ҷȷү֪ҪȻͲôڣű͵˱˱ݿ϶͸˳޼ɣǳ޼ɿʼϴĵһơ⺫Լ͸˱ݣ˱ݽֶԼʾϣԼҲ˴󹦣⺫׼ݺԼԼùû뵽Ūɳ׾ԼһæԼƽ˳޼ɵӪǻϾͲõĽϴʱԼۡ
ǣ֮ǰкüµʱ䣬ʱүһԾŶүҪԼССͬǾ֮ͣңٻҪԼæٸԭְҲǱүġڴ֮ǰ֪¡һ֪ˣԼ԰ѺƳԩԼġԱһ塣
ȻźҲһ׶ˣǾһ˱֪ʵԼȥģǷҲֻԼŪֵģԼͻпܱ㡵˶ǣ
Ȩ֮Ҷãðջֵõģһ֣Сĳŵ괬Ҫܲú˫κһܱƽ⡣뵽취ȫûԱı£ԼвӦòߡ
ҶѺ㡣Ϊ֪ﻹû˱Ǳ̽ӣһ֪£˱ݾͻ֪²ԼɵģԼҲ޷ǵӪ޷ˡ
ȻºһðգҺҶԼòˬȨҲֻ
ҶתҪߣ׷˳Ժס
ҶЩͷתʲô
ͷԶԶվſڣûиűϴŵһ͸ףݸҶȥü͵˿ڣ֮󣬿Կֶжֲˡ͸ɣѾûʲôˡ
Ҷ⣬׷ԼȴΪԼ˹ͯһ㣬Լֻ´ˣôС㺫Ҳ˰˵еԣ˳Ȼʮ㣬ϸϸһһƥɵģܲ͸磬֪ʲôƤȴַǳֵԣϣٲȻǵڶƤ
ҶڨڨôõĶ͸Ұ
ǣҪɱ㣬ȴһԵ±ԹҵȻӦûر㡣ҲϣԶţҵİӡҲǸĳлɡ
ţģİѾüĿˣֻҪʱ䣬ỹ㸸һġ
л
Ҷ뿪֣һΣûү£ǻؼ˯
˵ڶϣҶү
Ҷһµӣˣʣôˣ£
Ҷͷڹӣģд˱һϢ˵Ǹ¬дһţ˱ݵ͵ˣ˵ſܻԸүǳôû˵Ϊ¾ôһû־ϵȽϴԥ˰죬ûǸһµĺá
ɫϾƬ̣ϢǳҪ¬ϸһֱУɷŰҰĵˣдʲôõŵֱ˱ǵ͵ߣǺϣ
Ҷţһֵ̿ӡ
˺һᣬŵһϰ˸ʵ£ҪмעµĽչʲôϢҡ
ǣ
̾˿Ϊү֮ʿүĸ
Ҷæǫѷ˼䡣Щ̣ԼһֻαܹⳡĴѣһĸүжЩ˲Ϊ֪ʷĳֲ赲ۿž޴ĳѹ㿪뵱۵ǲѰ·𣿰ûӡ
ֵм£Щٸ˵ģڼ壬үͷģǰ˵һүĴ㡣Ҳһ£ԺΪү¸ġ
Ҷæү£ҵңûκνͣҲԹ޻ڡ
ţһǿˣԲŸܿɹүĥһʱ䣬Ȼ㵽Ļţֱү顣Ը⣿
Ҷ·ϲӵӣϽʩ񣺡̫ˣ鰡ллү̧١
ţ⻹ʲôһϲ£ϲ£ǰ˵һ
Ҷһϲ£￩һ£ǧǽܻ°ɣүԱٵĻ¿ɲƣңүƼˣһţǽүùʱ׼ҲŵùԼɾҪŵùˡʲô취ֻܾӲͷƤˡ
ǣҶ϶ʱ¶мϲõı飬Ц


193 ɱް
ҲһЦ³ˣûү׼㱣һŻ£Ĳɳڣ߲ʫ־ͨɣҪģүĸҪٵĻ̫һĻʵԲ㡣˼ǰ뵽һŻ£Ӧ⡣
ҶæүģȻˡ˭ҵĹŮ
ң
ңҶ۾Բˣ￪ʼ
ǰʥϵ極á
楣ǲҶ˲ֹͣˣãҪȢţ
ɵӣһЦô⣿Ҫǲ⣬ֻ¾͵øʥһˡ
ҿɲܵѾܳˣҶЦúϲ£졣
ƳүɲǺģ󲿷үǱñӾǱͷյûң˹ϹϺʵϼֱǶҲĲáȢϱǾͲһˣǹȴȹǱôǿɾ͵ڽһѺ˱ɡֱǸˣ
Ȼ컹ûе֮ǰԼСĽ佾꣬躹ޣβˡ
ҶԴתĥʱָһưˮүûиʥϺ£Ϊү뿴ֵֵ汣ýҪ֪ȻǻõʥϵĶ貢Ȼ٣˵δ⣬ĸ˺ܵõʵ۴صģԼʥеĵλ鹣үΪصˣүǲ汣ýġȻúܲүڴһЩ룬Ҫһ֤үС𣿡
Ҷˣͷǰһͣ˩һ۲ݣͣǰߡæ˵ˣүûʹͣҶᾡĽΪү¡Ȣ極ΪޣǾүĶ䣬ȻҲðˡ
⻰˵ЦͣðɣµϲҾ͸ү˵˵㱣ý
лл
ȱлʵ㣬֮ûףһΪүҪٿ汾¡һ棬ҲΪֻһССҪȢʥ極Ϊޣǿϻʼø֦ˣǾԶԶôҲиһְٰģүźÿڡȻֵʥϺ極Ļģ¾ͳˡԹףԼúøɣɾһҵС
ǣһŬΪү£Ϲѣ
ǾͺãүҪָ¼ˣȻȥҽļӰáȻүİҲҪáֻжչĲܣүҲݣñ˲𣿡
ˡ
ǳҶһֱ͵֣ô㡻뵽ҪýܸԼʲôʲô³ɰԼ㡱֮ǰͨϹϵΪ÷ǾͿԸˡ
֮ǰЩӡһ뵽ЩӣҶԴִˣЩҪãǵһնûС

¼УǼһεг̣ݵء
ҶȳаİӣҲһİӡѡ·ߣѾֿҪİԲÿһվҪһһ
Щӣģصһ󻧣ŮڼбɱˣԴˡү޻ŮѽɵģǸ浽šſֳֳµֵѪӡŮƸպǺϣͬʱַһڵĲ˵ϣҲҵġŮѽϣ֮йϱݸţַԩ
飬þΪүеλ峯Ϊ٣ǰ֪£үǳΪŮѽǮͨϵͨϵĨҵ˵ŮŮּұ˺ͬ飬Ҳֶʵʩұˡ˵֮㡳ⰸӵֻܶ࣬Ǹԩ˵ǿо־үܿⰸӽҶҪǾԩҲҪҸͷŮ
ҶѰģҸͷ˼ҪǼҹͷҶܲԸ顣ûа취ܾΪ顣
س֮ȵȫڣ֮Ҳӵȷɵأ
ȣֳĺüöѪӡֻθѽǺϣ˵ʲôӡǺϵ̫ˣͬѪ͵˺ܶһӡѪһֻų϶ãͬһ϶
ΣһֱڱѶƹ֮ģԿڹʵֵûɣ
ڵĲ˵ǰѽģ˵⣬Ϊֳ˾סļǼҵĲ˵ʲôϡģҲǱǼҵĲ˵ӡ֤ݶûʲô֤
󣬰ѽһǿ෴֤ݣǾݸŵķܶóʬ渴飬ѯ֮Ϊʬ岱ĶϿƤɣѪƤѪ٣֤űԴģһо϶İѽõһңʬأʬ岢ûκˣɴ˷
ֵܻ̿ؽһʣ֤ݸ˵еġ˲׼
Ҷڣڵ֤ݵȷ̫ˣһһ෴֤֤űʬģǱûˣҲ˵ôûиӰڣѾȥüˣʬֻѾˣûпļֵ
©ʬ󱻷ʬһѾ֤ʬʱ˶϶Ϊǰˣɴڵϲӣûж̽ôĶûиô˵Ƿѽأ
ҶЦŴĻĴֲڣİȻ
ڿûģҪ֮ֻܴӱĵطˡǣҶһ°ѽ
Σ˷ѽ
һˣҶҲǻĲһһԴݰӵܡʾҲЩĲȻûүôвеٵıСҲǸˣһɵӣҶͺܲ
֪ӺܱܿԼǣԷѽȥɣб۾۵ҶҶðбѾ˲ҲҪҳë뷨
ͷҲһֻظƽǲҪؼÿǲν֮λ޴ǣûдǣԼҲҼӡԭ򣬲ߵڰһķʡ
ҶԼƽ˵Ƿүİӵ¼Ҳ˵İδҪݲ֤ʵʵ࣬ҰҪȻԿԼ𣿡
ѽ˼֣վֱһЩҲˣүˡ
Ǻã龭˵һ飬˵þϸһЩ
ãѽɤӣʵҸǺܶģǴ죬ȥҺȾƣˣ·ڲݴ˯һ֮ŻؼңյſڣͼھǶΧ£ҸϽôˣھ̫˵ҼԺſŵģͺϱûӦͽȥϱݱ˿ͷˣϱˡڹٲ濱顣ҸϽֿȺȥ㿴ڵϣԴһߣһ̯Ѫŵȶˡȴ˵϶ɱģǹٲͰץˡôôǹٲʼҡ
ˣĲ˵ˣм㣬Ҫʵش𡣡
ã
˵ڲݴ֤û˿ˣ㿴˭ˣ
ѽЦҶˣô֪˭֤һ˻ؼҵġû˼
ȥȾƵ飬֤𣿡
ȻУȢϱȥԾƣܶ˶ˡ
ţϱǵס𣿡
ǣɩַּңҵܷҲˣԾͬˣǾͷּҳסˡѾкüˡ
ʲôʱصҵģ
ˡ
Ȼ˵ɵģɱӵ˭
Ͳ֪ˣׯͻݵһˣ˶ûʲô治֪˭Ҫ´˶֡˵棬ѽЩʣ֪ôģҶܾЩװԼһʼӡͲõԵʰɡ
ѶҶվڴſ˰졣ʬصʬʱʱʱ㣩ʱʬѾ΢ʬߺʬʱʱʱѽС˵٣ɱ˵ʱڲݴ˯Ҳûʱ䡣
ȥǼҿᣬܷҵСӵ֤Աñ׷Σ


194 µķ
ҶŲͷͬ£˷ѽĸĸѽĸ˵ǲ鴦ѽİĹٲʱˣҲܣѾˣ͵ûӣҪɱҪҶû
£ѽĸ׸ϽѾ̫߰үߣȻЦҶ˵Ǳѽ⺢Ӹģү⡣̾һ֮󣬷ĸѹʣҶӵİӱˣǲҪų
Ҷûлش𣬷ʵү˵ѽѽǲǾЩүϲ鰡
ĸЩΣ̾һǰҲ㣬ᶼ֪⺢˲ʡģСԺζûΪҲѹֵġΪϱ֮˺úùӣȴû뵽ӣͷܡү㾭үүˣҪŷּңֵҶ˳ȥֻ֪үǵġɱ֮ү͵͵Ǯȥεܵء
ҶЩɻѽԳƸྴôȴ֤мұĶأʵӣʬ췢ϲû˰
ǰ򣬺ȥ֮ͲôˣΪǮˣԼǮȥֻϱ˼ҪǮӣϱȻͲˡ
ԭǰ𣿡
ô̫簮᲻ùܣ־ûûصģСʱĺӳһ飬ֻЦ𷣡̫ˣһ̲ƵģҲ첻ֻ֣ޣʵܲ˾ܣԣ˵ɱӣǶû֡ǰŵ˵Ҫų˵ӿܲɱġûŪɣ
ҶܸжϿڣ˵ӵİӿǴУȻŪˣһֱŶɱϱףаҲɴ˿ɼѽĸ˺
ҶʷѽЩʲô£ôλпûпܴ飬׷εġϧ˵˵ȥһЩԺζģܶŹ£ЩȥܾˣֻԲʵҶҲûʱȥ顣
ۿʲʲô飬Ҷ׼ǣүͻȻִ˳˵˵ҪɱϱȻɱˣ˵㻰Ҳ˵ҪɱˣݣҪģ˵㲻㻰ͿˣҪɱˣ̳ǲʬģҰߺˣҪûɱҲӣ𡭡
һ˵ţĸϽüѾ߸ϽקŪ
Ҷͷһʷĸѽ˵Ҫɱϱ
˵ҲֹһΣ˵ϱ͵ˣ˵ϱԴײ׼檣Щеϱ˾µĺŮӣҲġ
Ҷ֮󣬾ⰸӶЩΣ֤ݣָĸѽɱ޵ĶǱˣɱ˵ʱ䡣֤ǿͨռֲ뱸ģǶʱǿ͹۵ģ͹۵ĶǸ˾Ҷмֲ
Ƭ̣׻Ƕϸɱ˵Ǹӻȥ
Ȼǣȥֳ˽һЩԱȷǲġ
ĸæڣǷһֱţǷǵģǻûкӣϱˣӱץˣӾһֱţҲûдɨ˵ù飬ҪǱͷˣ͵ͼֱȥ
Ҷһϲ˽ⰸʵĿǣĸѾߣŲͷһȥֳ
ֳСլԺĸҲԶչһ־͵ˡ˵Ķ˻ӶԸ̫Զϣ໥иӦϧûԸ
ĸ˷ţҶŽȥԺӺСɱŽȥŵһѪζʱ䶼ȥüˣѪζȻûɢһΪŴգΪϲӣѪ̫ࡣҶֳ¼ʱҴǿŵģռ䣬ѷƿˣ㿴ϰɫһ̲ۼѾɺԹѳɿˡ趼ǺġҲóӦǸС֮ҡּҵʱ򣬷үǸӷ˲ٺö
ҶĿɨӣĿѪӡϣѪӡϺʹϣϵһöΪ
Ҷϵöƣ룬ͷ쿴Ȼģرϳӡ·
Ҷһ˷ܣѧѧѧ֪һЩָƼĻ֪ʶ׼һ±ȶԡָ֤ͬһ϶õ֤ݡΪѽ˵ʱڲݴ˯һŻȥȥ֪ϱɱˡҲ˵ʱֳǣֳȴ˸һСѪӡֻͨӡСжǲͬһµģܲףҪܼӡָƸѽͬһǾͰ϶ˡ
Ҷǲͷ⿴ţ˭ҲҪһȥһϻ
ͷæӦˡҶϻشΣֽȡ˷ѽӡѾ֪Ҫʲôʵʵȡˡ
ӡصѼңòͷŴѪӡӰᵽԺ̫£ȻֽϵѪӡԱߣ·ıȶԹ۲졣
бȶԼֵĵȻָƣҪȶָƵľжٸͬ㣬ֻҪȶָƵ;ˣΪҪеųҲ˵Ѫӡѽӡȫ֤ͬǷѽģǾųѽֵĿԣӶ֤ѽǱԩģҲ֤ݸŵжȷģһԩ
һ͵ڶָƵͶͬǵҶָʱԲһģѪӡǶƣѽȴǻƣ
Ҷһʧͬʱһظĸо֤ӡָͬҲ˵֤ӾǷѽģҲˣȥѰұ֤Էѽгʹڣ֤ѪӡǷѽµģҲ˵ѽ֣Լұ֤ȥʹⲻҶģֲѶΪ֮ʴʧȷϲǷѽ֮ҶȻˣ֤ŵжȷģһԩһԩָоظġ
ֻҪһָƵͲǺϣǾȫųӡͬһˣҶǺܽؼʣµ߸ָҲһͶԱȣָܹԲͬӶ֤ѪӡǷѽˣҲ˵ӵֲǷѽ
Ҷʹ˰֣ǣղĸ˵˷ѽϱ飬Ůĺܿ˳ܣһ㣬һŮӣͷȴ˿ͷ­Ǻձвɵһҵֱѩ޵ĳ嶯
ǣʼϸֳûκµķ֡ʧ°ͳֵ׿ʲôˣ
ҪﷸѰµһЩҪĵ顣
ҵǱˣѽǵھ̫
̫촽ģһ֪һյʡ͵ĵƣӦúģȻҶ˵˵ʱľ֮ϲ˵ˣԳȿӰǾʡֻЩҶ֪ģҲûдĻΪǴ֤˵ĻӰ֤˵Ļ˼·Ĺԡ
ò˵ˣҶʵǵھӣӦ˽⣬˭ɱ
̫ҡͷҿ˵׼Ҳ˵ѽϱһˣǣ˶ͷ·ģرõһˣ벻˭ôޣԴˡɷ治Ǹʱ˵ǰأ
ھֻУûд𣿡
⵹ûС̫ܿ϶˵ҼҾҸڣ͸һǽǼʲôҶġÿϱҪһٳÿҶϱֱϣûпɶģҾ֪ûа򣬺Ҵ˲֪ϱǰ찤ɷģʱ򣬺üΰϱûȥ֮ûˣΪӱ֮ûǮ·ֻܼܿãѾųˣֻҪٸҴŮһΣǾͲٸһǮѽֻٴ򡣡
Ҷɱʲô𣿡
ѽϱ£һֱڣÿˣġ̫ƵģӣɧƣԲ̵ĸ
ˣЩѧˡҶشɫıݣ㣬˵һ죬Ƿѽ첻ȥʲôݼҳԾȥ𣿡
̫ڨڨҾôһ˵ǾϱţʱһһģˣҲˣҾһһǺǣֲ֪ȥԾȥˡ
ҶһʵҲϱ
ǰúģ˵ϱǲҪӡ
ʲôʱģҶĻָûйϵ໰ȻҪϡ


195 ߶
̫룺ҼǲˣӦʱ㣩ոճ緹ãҼҳ緹δʱһ㵽㣩Ժɹ̫żѩˣò׳̫ûз磬ů͡ѽϱĺ
̫ѧţҶǰδѧѽ໰֪λүֻֻôסˣŻ˵һΣһͲˣûʲôһأôžûˣȵ˰ʱҳ㿴ǼԺſһȣûˣȥѽϱĻ졣Žȥ
ֻ̫ɫ˵˵ʱһУҶûдϣ߶߶Ѿ˵һ飬ʵȷѽϱʱ
ǰΪδʱԵ緹һᣬǱ߷ѽʼϱˡⲻʱ𣿡
ҶԻˣô̫˵֤أѽȥӳϲƣʱ磬ҲʱƻؼңΪƣڲݴ˯һ֮ؼңͿٲѾڼϱѾɱˡ˵ѽ絽簸֮䣬Ӧûлڲݴ˯ˣ̫ôʱʱϱأʱӦڲݴ˯Ŷ԰
ԾƵѾ˺ʵ֤ѽʱȷҺȾƣź˰ʱңѾˣϯȥˡһʱٺǺأ˵Ĺ˵ڲݴ˯ˣǣ̫ȴ֤ʱϱ˭˵ˣ
ǲǷѽعңϱһֳ֮ȥˣݴԣǣΪʲôѽĿڹȴûⷽĹһֱûлصңڲݴԣȻؼ֮Ѿɱڼ
Ҷ˼Ҳ벻еԵɡ
ֽѯ˼ˣҶܾǣסһߵھϺҲ֤ʱ˷ѽϱ¾ͺˡ
ҶصĲͷеǰʵͷϴѯ֤ԵʱʵЩ𣿡
ͷͷЩҪ𣿡
ҶɫһôҪʣ㵱ͷˣôѯʲô֪
ͷǻ֣̿Ц˵ʵִ£ֻ˲һĲͷǰǱ߾Ļﳤ
Ҷʱԭһ·ҵĲͷѹռ֤ݶ֪ص㡣Ҫӵ֤ݵǲĵǾֵˡ
ҶԼ˵ͷЩֵ̿ҶǸү¼ģҪץס£ǿɾ鷳ˡ
Ǽͷת˼£бѾ⡣
Ҷû׷£ھӣΪԶûֻнŵˡ
ۿɫ磬Ҷȥ
ڻȥ·ϣͷմյҶߣִ£棬һ˿Сķǳʶִ£ԼִСһִ֪¿Ϸ
Ҷбۿʱֻͣ⡣ֻҪΥԭԵĶǲԸìܸ㽩˵ģµͷаõɢ֮˵
ǣСɢ֮㡣
ã
صţҶǾЩԾì֮޷ͣ˼ǰ󣬻ǾٰѰӺúÿ
ǣҶ·һڣûκµķ֡
Ҷȡ¼ʱȻעȡһѾڲ˵Ѫ⣬ϵѪ¡
֤ˣֻ֤ûпԭҶԸⷭӣȡ֤鿴ҪһЩҲѵַַѵ顣ڲͬˣµ⣬ֱǲԩȥģһ˵֪жǸķѽϱͬ飬ҶһӾô¡ǣȡӵ֤
֤õˣϣһѲ˵һѪ¡
Ҷϸ鿴ǰѲ˵ѾЩˣӦǷʬʱ򿳶Ϲͷġ˵ĵвٰɫѪۣѾɺˡϸ鿴֮û淢κοɵǰѲ˵һߡ
Ѫ£һһ顣Ѫܹкüﵽ⡣ΪʱǶԱ˴ñȽ϶࣬һɫ˿޼аѪϼھǲࡣֻڸĲմѪ
·ϵѪͷѪγɣһݸжϡΪ֮ѪҺֹͣԿͷ­ѪҲ̫࣬ǰˣѪȪˮһӿմʪͲֻôһˡ
Ҷúϸһһعƣ֮󣬲ûʲô֣̾˿·ϣ˫źԣͷ컨壬۾ҲȥⰸӣҪԼһ¡
ؿ˺һᣬڰͷϵǼѪ¡
ʱϦ£һôӰ뿪һȴ˽ǼȾѪϡͻȻҶһ˰ɫѪµĿڵ⣬ƺһöָƣ
ϽֱٿȴˡбӿֿˡԭаȾɫǰɫģѪָƵɫǳĽӽԸղȻѾĵع۲죬ûзöָơбĽǶȹ۲죬ѪָָճѪҺѹ·γɵģƽӲۼб״̬¹ۿͿԱܿɫָͬܿƱˡ
ҲûִҪȻִ£кܶ취Ѫֳָɨ衣Ҷûκοõ豸ңյָ֪ʶҲȡһöָơбŹ۲죬޷鿴·ϸ
ȻöָƣҶûа취ȡöָƣΪûκιߣҲûⷽĲʶذȾѪƣͻȻһؿѪָƣ
ôһ֪ԭˣԭ£һְ͸ɴģƽſΪɫ࣬Բ׷֣Ҳ׷ֱֻж⿴סǿҵ䣬ܰɫϸ΢ֱˡ
ҶϽȡѽָƷһ߽бȶԡָȫͬǻơһϲʼͬϸڵѰұȶԡ
νָƱȶҶѧ֪ʶҪָҵ˴ͬ㣬ͬרҵ߶а˸ϵĸ߶ϸָƣͿͬһۡǰûнйĶԱȼ⣬ܽк˷ܡҵͬ㡣
ʼѰҵͬʱһĨʧݺ档ϵöָƣҲʧˡ
ҶϽܳţ¿˿Զϻ⣬͸ݼĿմͶڵϵġϽ˹ȥվԱȲ鿴˺üӣҵһʱһĨ䵽˷档תۼ䣬еĽӲӵ⣬ʧˣֻϼѤԻ͡
Ҷ̾һֻҵԶԶûдﵽ˴ͬһ϶ģҲ˵϶ָǷѽġ
ֻܵȵڶ̫ˡҶ֤Ȼ֤ҡոմ֤һͷЦˣҶ
ʱҲൽɢˣҶţͣżƥϳһ˿¥
ŴͣҪϵε޷ǾֵطҶҲֲ֣ŽȥһڣݺݺĶ輧һݣͿ֬Ĩۣˮ۾ЩѾ֪ǽǡ
ȺŮм䣬һߣЦݣЦݿóǣǿ
ͷЦǺǶҶִܵ£λүҲǷѽϱĸס
ҶʱˣүǵغΪ˸ŮͨϵҵҶ¼顣죬ӦҶԻƣýֺͷΪŮѰ·λүʼռŮǱŮѽɱġȴҪѽͷšүסˣĴҹϵҵԼˡ
ҪҶ̫֮ǰүͣҶǻҽѣΪʱһֱŷѽɱүŮףҲ˶ԹֳѪӡų˷ѽĿܡڲһˣӷѽھõϢ֤ѽʱڼӣʹ÷ѽʱ䡣֮ѽгڶμұļ¼ʹҶոߵµڴһöѪָƣͨȶԣȻ˸ѽָͬ㣡
ǵֳЩѪӡԱһȷϲǷѽģƺϵѪָЩìܵĵطϸϸҲܺýͣ˭˵ֻһˣҲǷѽһףì֮ӭж𣿶ֻҪ֤ѽףҲ˳ˡ
ͨ˽ڣҶвȥĶˡҲúһٻƣһĵ鷽򣬱׼үģãֳϵĵ飬˾Ѷʵмֵ


196 ԭ
үҶǱϹϾһֺõζҶɫŮһƵƵٱơ
Ҷ֪ڸ辡֮ǰǲ̸µģҲͰĺȾƣֻŮûмԴɫϣһɫӡȻŮӵòڳ÷
ڣ˶ȵ˰ʵĸҲеòˣүһ֣øŮӶȥֻҶߵɫ輧ӦүȽεġ
үΡΡߵҶǰȻһۣ˹򵹣еִ£ŮѽɱúòңΪŮѩް
ҶϽ˼Ҳˣлú˵
ү£ҵۻ軨ԭΪǿԸСŮиˣȴû뵽ȻҪСŮǧеҿ
Ҷ£л˵˼ҡ
ǣүһѱһ˵Ůαѽʵʩұüλȥÿӻؼңȫ࣬һλִˣ˺ü²źáŮÿӻؼңѽʹȥؼңÿġʼŮˣͻȥһʹ򣬺үŮȥǷѽʹʹţ˵ϱǿӲקϻȥǱ鷢֮ǰѽŹŮĴ̶ȶӡѽ˵ŮˣҪȻûŮͱͷžŮɱŮ
ү˵ŮܵŰ£ҶҲܳأһѽĸ˵ࡣǣЩܳΪָطѽɱ˵ɡԣҶûбֻ̬Ǿš
ͷһֱһԹۿ״ҲοүȻүҲ֪⿿ԼǲʵԼģҪﵽĿģóʵʵĶᣬžƱҶǰĨĨ˵ҪƣȻյߣִ£ֻҪŮɱ˷ѽ˵һسл㡣輧͸ִ£͵ǶǿɶǻƻŮ⻹һͭǮܳɲɣЩǸִµġȵ³ɣлִĶŮΪлΣ
ҶΪ̾Ϊ˸ŮͷȻŮлߣǮ
Ҷ˵أԼգүһȰ⣬ɫŮ̬Ը׷үһһҶִⲻգֻ˵Լᾡ尸ӣһ
үϽԼͷʹɫͷү˳ȥҵִ˵˵ǣү輧˳ȥϷţֻʣҶͼͷ
ͷҶִ֪µʲôִģүһǳˣԲӡһҿظƱ
ҶһۣЦЦƱĪҲ˺ô
ͷ˵ңţϵµ˭ûùүĺô˵ɣү˵ˣֻҪΪŮɢҲҲĸԸΪôһŮŮˣʲôָҲҲûʲôˡԣֻҪӦԺǲܰɣл㣬ҪǾĳˣܿڡһӵġ
Ҷͷÿɷ
ͷ״ѹøִͣ£֪ܲүĿۣүĶҪߣΪ˵˵ܰɴ£ƼˣүΪأһ־עĪС輧ؽµģÿһǧǮǽϵϺŵͷƻء
ҶЦҲӳ۲Ǿã֤ķǳҪ붨ѽʵǺѰ
ͷͷǲ鰸ģʱҲﲻϡִ¾Ͳһˣһ뵽õӣģֻҪ⣬졣
ҶͷһϹһԻʣӣʲôӣ
֤ѽɱ˵֤ݰǰûиɹ죬УֽҲû쵽ϣִ˵ݵһӣ־ͨɣǳƳ磬⣬һܰɣҲΪʲôүעԭ򰡡
Ҷһݣⰸֽţ
ǫѷ䣬״ֵǣǰʲôֽţ
ͷǰҾ͸ү죬ε״Ůѽү˵Ѷϼ£һֱһҵ˸үˡ֪Ůɱ϶ŮɵģҵңҰæһҪΪŮ𡣿ֲ鰸죬ʲô֤֤ɱˣ˵ѪӡֳЩѪӡǲȱȫֲùģ²춼˵޷бȶԣҵĸӸѽ࣬ӡҲ࣬ҽʰ֧Ȼһֳӡ˼Ѫӡһϣöţڿʱװзֵӣȡˡ벻ݸȴ˵ֻѪӡû֤ݣ޷Ѱˡ˵Ҫͷţǲû¡
Ҷľ벻ѪӡȻ⼪ͷα֤ݣѹѪӡȡָƣԱȸѽĲһԭ治ǷѽµģǼͷģ
ԭѪӡųûκˣڼϷѽھ֤ʣǷѽĿһӾ˺̫ܹ֤ܶ࣡츽öѪָƾǷѽģӾͰ϶ȷǷѽɱӣ
Ҷ֪Ϊų֤ݵѪӡȻǼͷα֮󣬲֪Ǹø˻Ǹظ˼ͷͷһƣһ²࣡
һأüͷӶľˡ벻Ҷôһ˹¾ȻԼҲʩչºȻɫЩ԰ˣҲ֪Ҷ⻰ʲô˼ΪʲôҪִԼһơ
ҶȴװŲ֪Ʊܰң֤ҵֵܣܺãҾһ
һ⻰ͷȻҲ¶Цݣ̧ȥþƱѾʹֻܻ֣˾ƱҪȾƣҶѾľұۣߵԺ鰸ܳʲôɣα֤ݣ첲ֻ½Ҳ̧ˣס𣿡
ͷʧɫԭҶղǹΪҪԼα֤һͷүˣ˵ҪϵԼҪԼҲʲô¡һæͷֲ̿СļסִµĻԺҲˡ
ҶȻүѾӦһŮ𣬵ǲҪŮǮΪ飬ίңҲһúðɵġ
ͷϽӦ
үɫ輧֮˼ͷ˵ǻ֣̿һʱ֪ôźáͷȰ˵˺һᣬүǿӦջимҶ̲סֹ¿ͷ
գճ
ҶѾúѪӡıɴѪ£зѽָӡȴ̫𡣵һյѪʱҶϽбȶԡȶԵúϸ˲һٷĹѰ˰˸߶˹֤öѪָƣǷѽ
Ҷѽ
ѽΪͷģ̲סһӡǵҶʳһ仰ʱɵˡ
ҶѽѾ֤ɱӵԪףԼ̣
ҶڶԼǵѨƹǳţ书۶ܵҪ˵ѽӵܡ
ѽҧҲ֪˵ʲô
ȸ֤ݣ֤죬ʱڼӡԣƻ·˯˲ݴ˵ǻԣңʬ󱻸ϲģʱþʱھѾ֤ʱڼҲڼӡڼңôɱӣɴ˿ɼʵ㱾ˣοϻѪӡѪӡǳһģһ
˵ݺңѽŭûӣôѪӡ
˵ѽоԣֵҶ
ҶЦڣ㻹ʲô˵ģѵҪ̣
ѽͷƬ̧̣ͷѾŨŨĺ⣬ӶѪ˿˻ţǣɱӣ͵ˣҾԲţ
龭һ飡
죬ҳԾƻؼңŵʱҽģûӦֽ˺üŴӺԺŻܽͻǲںԺ˽ˣ嵽ԺȻֵкЩӡҾץס첲ҡղ˽ͨļ˭ϣ˵ЩЬӡԼģںԺӷ׼ֲˣ˵ǹƭҡΪһҪָҪǮӣԲҴʹҡļ򣬱򵽵˭
˵Ҷͷһµ˱˵
ѽ˵һֱ˵ˣʹҡĸ첲ץסͷԴǰɿ֣͵ڵһˡҾһ֣ˡҾòԾͲ鿴һ£ѾûˣҲˣѾˡ


197 
ѽ˶٣Ž˵ŻˣϽңڵϡΪֻǻȥʼûѹҼŲң뵱ոչʱΪԼǴҹ㣬䲻һӾͰԴѪĲ࣬ǼѪҾһЩˡЩ£²˵ܳȥˡҷѪˮϴ֣ڲݴţһֱȵҲŻؼҡ
ѾףҶ¼˿ڹǩֻѺ֮׼ߣ룬ǻͷ˵ҵ飬ϱǸŮӣһֱظ
˵ˣһϽ֣˾ĸһҡβͣرǲҲһȲ˵ǲǣϴҴϽ֣ԶԶһͳӰЦǸǲ㣿˵ǲǡ
ѽ˵ҵϣץסˣһ˻ţѪ˿Ҷš
ҶˣСӺб룬ƫִǸ񲡣ͷûоɱ˲һ˵˵ˣ־񲡣ûɥʧϺͿԼΪӦеΡ
Ҷһӣſڹ˴Ρ
һҪҪ֤ΪݸŵĺоѾ֤ʵ߲˿Ͼļſͷ­ģҲ˵߾ôģ£ʱѽѾҲܶʣµ飬Ҫ֤
Ѿ˳жϣ֤һ㡣
˵ԼҪʬ¿ʬ塣ͬʱݸŵһ顣
ܿ죬ݸŵҲˣ߹ײ֮󣬴˹ײġײﻪĽȻ¡ҿ¶ʬ
ͷ­Ѿ·˲ϣڼ֯ãѾ𲻵ã̧ʱζͷ­Ѿ뿪˲бţ¶һѾ߶ȸõĶѿڣǰɫ䶯Ӭ˿ëȻ
Ҷרҵҽ֪ķҽ֪ʶֻ鱾ϺͰľڲˣûԿ飬ݸŵ˼ң鷳㿱һߵľ׵ǡ
ɻؿҶһۣҲ˵ľӣѲϿڵӬȻһõĸܼ⣬¶ľ׵ǡ
ϸ鿴ͻȻ΢Щ͵͵һĿ˾׵֮ϣ徱׵عۣҽѧ֪ʶҽϽ⣬ǣƾľ飬֪˵ľ׵صģ˺˥ֹͣ
Ҷƶϵõ֤ʵѽ˦­ˡִķڽͨ¹Уڳײʹͷ­˦һǰ˶ӶԸɺ;轻ˣʵڸͬṹҲᷢˣɵľ׵λۣһ˫̱߿Եºѭ˥߶
ѽӴ˳ܣɷץס첲ƴǰҡΣץסͷԴǰ͵ʱûнκεֿԭһŮӣڴĳʱǰҡУϸĲ׵ֳĳʱǰ˦ҡε¹۶Ѷڣ߲׵Ĺۣ֤ҶƶȷġͬʱҲӡ֤˷ѽڹʵԣȹ֤֤ǿ
Ҷ֪ˣΪаཻܶͨ°߾ˣȻϲ˵ġ˷ѽĳ֮µ
ڹŴ˵ǲ֪ôִҽѧ֪ʶ֪˵Ĳľ׵ǶѣҪô̱Ҫô㹻ˡ
ҶŰѷѽµĿڹξǸȹĿǿ֮ʱȻξԭ򡣰ڴס
ϣʰϷѽ֤ɽǰҲڵԼʹҡԴӵףֹͣһֱǿǸ˾빴๼оѽɱޣдն̡
ΪǷ󰸼֮ү¼İݸɳͣ˵˰÷ǳɹһƨ
˳壬ҲҶҲܺáүҲ󣬵дѽն֮˼Ѿ޵棬쵻棬Ůȥɡ
ϣүڼͷͬ£輧ǮҶҪҶ¡ҶȴͰ׶̬ȼؾܾˡ
үΣҪ¿ͷлҶĴȴֱҶŲù򣬸ж˼ݺᡣ
ڶϣ¼ӣ¼İԼ󰸣оо̰Ҫٱ¸󱨻ʵۺ׼֮⣬İȨС
Ҷİʵϲ¼ѾЧемල飬ǱģԶеعԱ;вСҴǰѾоˣҶҲûʲô顣׼ú˯ȥһվ˯ʱ򣬿ջ棬˵үҪ
ҶЩûͷ˵˲øǮŮˣô˵ֲһ䣬˵үһϵ˵ҪòүؽӼ
˸ϵҶЩɻ󣬵׻ˣ·ʰһ±ȻЦүһ°Ʈɫ׵ϵﵽûз𳾣һ´Ҷ
үæҶִ£λ۵ˡǳ顣ִΪСŮѩޣȴշģǳĸм˰ִʱһϢԣִ£ִһҪ˵İţܷ׻ѳ鰡һ٣ƽƣԻڴˣ
ҶЦã֪үôڣŮҲˡȻȥԼʲô˸סˣ˵Լʲôѣֻ²թԼҪݺүһˡ
ҶǲЩģæүˣҺæкҪҪ죬Ҫûʲô飬ҾͲλˡ
үҪ˵ԱߵѾˣһ
һɽ
һ졣
ԵԵ
컯ȫ
һߴ
Ϊ̣
ҶѾתҪݣ͵һվסˣ⻰ѵָһһѵָ޼ɺ㡣컯ȫָԼͷȫԼǲΨһߴ̽
Ҷתϵλ˵Ļô
˻ҡͷǰ˵ٻִ£зǳϵ˵ʲô
Ҷͷһô˵治ǹŪ飬Եġ˵˵Լڵ顣
Ҷ˻ֵ˵һ𣿡
й¶ɰ˸оĪ⣬ҿԸִµǣڰ֮ڣһ١һŪãѪ֣֮
Ҷͷһ˵ܴȫ֮˵ҲǿܻжֽͣһַԼľԶ˻żȻǺһ䡰ڱȻһ٣ŪþͻѪ֮֡˵ķǳ׼ȷѵϵܶδֻߣҲǴԽִˣ
Ҷ΢ЦѪ֣֮ĩ֮ʱ˶٣ȥѪ֣֮ΰë˼˵ģǧ޵ʸ衯ǺǺǣ
ҶһԳЦţһ߶ϵëϯʫƪʫ䣬һ˶֪㲻֪ʫΰë˼ҡ仰ǵй˶Ӧ֪ģֻҪԷǴԽĽйˣûп֪ܲ
ǣϸˣֻЩ˵ţִ߲ʫȻ鴫ô˵ȴȻûаľ㵻ߵǡҶ֪ϵǴԽˣνȻӦòԼִ֪ʶ
˵һ䣬ִֵֻ²ĩ̫ƽѪ֣֮ɲʲôѰ֮¡үңҲµġȻִִⲻԸϵ죬ϵǾǡ
˵գϵȻתҪߡŵôףҶвһæ֮֮˼Ȼˣֺα²ϴͽأʲô˵һл
ϵҡͷлͲˣүѾһǮҪִƷѡִƶƶִָһ·Ͳִ֪ûȤ
ִæа˵
˿Աүһۡү⣬ţִ£ķǳ׼飬ûչġһҪԡ
Ҷͷүֵлˣ
ү˷䣬ҶѷŹϣ˵
£Ҷ˸ղԣܲ˵ľһ㣿ָܲһµԽ򣿡


198 ɽɹ
˵Ҳ˵ϾڸôЩѾй¶ΥˣŪҪٵģһ֮Ҫִһܻ˽٣Ӵƽƣѣ
Ŷʲô֮ҪǮҶʡ
Ǯ㲻ùܣүѾȫˣֻҪҵҪȥˣһپͻˣ⣬ҲΪ
˵
ϵĴУһض޴ʥԻ³ߺ纣һ󣬺߻ԭǧ̡һһòһɹ˹ĸ԰ʮһʮһʵ˳ˣ꣬ٲ֮ѧ֮ˣܾ֮˳ˣܹĿŮˣഺ˳ˣܷϻͯн֮˳ˣɷ׻ѳ飡
һŰ׺һ˵ţɷн£Ҷ̲סЦһΪждμ
ȴ˵һû˿
˵Ǳʲô취ҶȤȥȻ˵ʲôʮһٲ֮ĹҲûȤȥˣһ˯һͲɳˣɳ㡣
˵գתҪݡ˵˹֮컯亱ƣǻʼҲסʥϵ極ŮȻԹҪȥѾƼߣ촬ɺ
Ҷ죬ͻȻᵽͷһӲ׼ýԼӵлܸȴͨߣ²͸϶𣿸οг޼ɵŮҲԽɣδʮ֮ڶԸǡ
ʧʧҶǳԣı⣬ϵɹ֪ЩǲҪȥɹĹЧԱ죬Щ޷ġ
ǣҶתʵЩ
Ѿ³ߺߣ׼һɺǵժɹˡ
ʲôʱǼգ
֮գһǺϷ˺Сһ죬Ƚ׵ǵɹ
Ҷһתȥ³ߺҪ߼죿
죬Ľ
Ҷһܺӣɹ㵱ܰҶɹһ٣
ţ
ɹһνɹ
ſţ
ʮŽſɹôٰ㲻˵嶼Ƽ˵ڣﻹǵķݣǿ϶ֹȥժġ
˵³ߺʮƺһܣҪʮ¡ôפ赲˵ǵأңҪôɹԵ³ߺƽ̲Ʈ죬ʮ֮ⲻӰԺʧ򣬶ҳп籩꣬лһֽпĹϮţֲͬ㣬ʴ˵ǵߣвңһȥڣܵǵȡɹߡ£ʲôҪ˵ǵأ
˻ǣҪȥˣҲ𣿱٣ɹѣ㲻ȴǽǰ٣֮ذ
΢΢һЦûϵһнͼעеķ򣬰ͼߣ˳ǵ
˵գͳһƤֽݸҶҶӹˣֻһܼ򵥵ĵͼһι״ȦȦвƣǱʾʲô³ߺˣһۼ㻭ųļͷȻֱϡ֮⣬ûбʲô·ߡ
Ҷ룬ʲôнͼҵ⵺Ȼһֱߣ͵˵𣿺ܼ򵥡ؼָϵķ򡣲ʱѾָ˾ˣǰѴɵһӣһ⻬ƽ̹жķλעôķԱȷλ
ҶԽһ߶˵ֱһСɵָ룬ָġҶҪȥЯʹò˾ϡ
ŵͼþǱעĵص㡣ӱĵط͵ԽΪȥ⵺̽飬ĿֻһǾǽʶã취ֵĺøСͬʱʶ޼ɵŮ˵ؼʱõšԣҪȥЩ˾ۼĵط
ֵ⣬һϣ³ߺߵĴһľ쳣ļӲ촬ܿˣֻľ̫ӲˣѰԺܶ˶Թľ촬Ƕʧˡ֮ľ̫̫أˮﲢƯˮ棬ǳˮףҲû촬ǣǿӲȴǶԿ³ߺıҪһҴɹǵĿԾʹöࡣ
Ҷʣʲôӣ
ܺϣľǳľ޴һ㶼꣬еǧˣҶεģҶȫͬһ۾ϳؼǣľͷǺɫģ쳣ӲҪûаգǵӴһ¾֪ˣȥǾͶˡ
Ҷ֮ǻʲô˼ϵ֪Լ֮ڱѪֻ֣֮Ҷ˵ʵڲй©ǿҶҪǳԵɹܶɹⳡѡҪȻֻ׶༪٣ммǡ
ﳤȥ
ǣҶ˲õ󰸣һֽԨ˵ԼİȥˣȻվĿȷɱصݡ
ݼУȡԼǿֱϣһ鲼ƣװ˵ӣܿϾͿˡ
룬ɿǴڻִɽЩǳ÷ͭǮûģΪǵ׬ȡ˴ͭǮͭǮ̫زЯԻһЩҶϡ
ʹ͵ǱذײѥͲְѻ͸Ṧ
ţó͸һ˿ףȰֵĴϣ͵ذиԣⱦֻǴӳȡһͨĲ˵Сиһ£Ȼûκ𺦣ּӴٶȣû𺦣ǷĴ󵨿Уûκ𺦣ǳȴ赲Ҫ˺Ҷûκ⡣
ҶһԼ书ԷñҲٲúˡ
׼֣ϷͲʵһиɫͲʣлʡֽˣһµĶ̴ۣһǳʵĲϣųֱ³ߺ
ûȥҪһƼʲôģΪһԼ˵ݽʶЩˣǵǿ˵Ľܵǿķʽ
ڴʱϵһƽԭѾܷ֮⣬ɽϿȵĵ̺ԭʼ״̬о³ߺ
³ߺλڳɽ֮䣬Ĵ֮ңܷԲûֻ̡Ϊ³ߺʮ꿪ɹԹʮһ̽飬һԼԼСͨһ塣Ҳֻھʮڵĵ꣬бڸｨ촬ֻ׼ɺſʼ
˸ĵͼעС·ҶС·ǰ壬ȴҲ̫ѾֻʮһΣûСܿûӲݹľֻеȵʮڽ٣бʿҵС·
ҶʱС·Ѿٳˣ̫Ѿ㵽˺߸塣ʱѾǶɺյͷһˡ
ҶɽͷɽºߣвӰζѾ˺üҴ󴬣ԶȻһģ԰ߵɽͣΪԲεĵڵΪŨŨϾɫ
˿̣ʱ֡
Ҷ˶̴ۣóϷͲʰһɫˣɽ˸ߣоıʿס˽أ˲ڣ
ˣҶЦ˻ࡣҶͨ˵ݣҪʵ۵Ů˵ãеȨŮǻǲ̫׵ġҲûָһܸǳֵܣֻŻ
žȦһ죬رȽܣȴҲûܵ޷ĵز˵ˣҪǼãԼı£ʲô߲ʫʲôͨɣͳͳûáǲϹ
ǣҶϵڴȻһ˿ڷ״ϣǷɫΪиߵԣԴϺٲȻڶƤϸҲֲˡһֱ첲첲ڷΧ֮ڡΪǳƻκӰ졣
ʰãһݴŶ㿪ߣڽ˸塣
ﵽˣһЩڸѾõĴάˮ׼
岻󣬺ܿҶ㷢һܴɫɫǻʼҵɫ϶Ա߻ɴΧǶɫӦþǳ޼ɵӡŮЩԹסĵط
ЩȺܣ¹ǰΧɵդդ棬иΪܵıʿ䣡
Ҷ֪Ҫ棬Ǯֻ²첻飬˵ɣץʵġ
Ҷܣ˼Ÿô졣


199 ׸
ܿ죬ܶקһĴҴѾ̵ɺֵܴܴԲľקţһŵ˷קǴ̫ˣֻһһǰƶ˷ţȻںקԾ߻ҪԶһξ룬滳ܲܰѴϵȥ
Ҷ̧ͷǴ󴬣չĶɫģдŶġơ֣Ӧþˣ
Ҷһת첽Щǰλϧ࣬ʹʹһЩǮ˵գóһָЩţ˷ǡ
֮ǰѾ뵽˿Ҫˣ䡢ǼСѾͷæӼ飬һǮһС飬ţõϡ
˵ҪǮ˷ǶǴϲǸɵڣ˳ԡ˯ûõһǮĹǮ˵ҪǮּһʱܹΧ
ҶЩ˷мòͣ˵лл
Ҷ˵ˣǺ࣬ҪǮҪǳܺĺӣҽǳ
ǮȻҪµģ˷򶼾۾š
Ҷǡ˷İļ侭ĸʡЩ˷˵óģʲôɣѧҲͼ䣬ܿѧˡǣҶͷһų
ͷ
ڰߣ

ǣơ
ߺųǳĺʱ쳹ۡ
ɫԶ˵ԶֲƽĺӣЩ֡վһɴᣵĶҴͷϣµĺɫɴڰڵסݣߡ
м׹ݣ⡣
ӣǸøЩ˷֮󣬲ȻɫҴĴЩ˷ȻŴ󴬳ʲôͷ簶ߵǷˡ
ȷѵһԲ׳۾ͭһ㣬˹ȥŮҲţ嵽˴ǰ
׳嵽˷ǰȵ죡ͳͳ죡˭ǳЩ˸ģ
Щ˷֪ǰ׳ʱŵɫɷףһڵϿͷġ
ҲϵˣҪ׷˭ô󵨣˷ĸԶһӵλΪǣҽǳġ
˵⻰ģȻҶ
Ŀ͸ɴ´һҶϻĻڵģĿȻ֪ʵݣü˭
ɣҲϵѰɹġЩ˷ʮ࣬Խǳһ׸裬Ȼˣ׸軹ûнȫ滹иʣҳɡҶԼ漴ڻǻƵ
㺹ˮһ·
ˮ
ֻͷɽۣ
׸

ճȳ嵽׳ҶȭͷǿХһ֪ǿ
ɵȭͷ嵽ʱҶѾ㿪ˣվұߡ
ߵһŮĿһǶüɵˣ
ҶһۣŮĿ⾼񣬾ȻܶԼѧŮüĿ㣬ȣˮܽһ㣬̾һҪŮӾãǵҲԼ
ûϸ׳ҶٴʩչѸܡ
ʱξĻѾΧס͵һ³ȥ⼸ƺԸԸ˲֣ʼûץˡ
תʮйȥˣ׳ȻûҶһƬ½ǣҽС
Թ۵һݸ߸һҪһæסսӢΪ
ҶЦˣмֺøУлִ̨ԣ̨֪γƺ
һۣҲֻ̨Ǿáҽв
ղҶͷһ֪ܲ񽫾кԨԴ
Ҷ˵ƺ𾴣شүү
ԭӢ۵ĺʧҶһ߸˵һӦ׳Ľ
߸ƿȥһƺɨɽһ㡣
ҶоЩƽˣ˹Զˣֹֻ²ڶüǾʦ̫
ҶܿˡΧҶ񹥣ûһҶ
ŲҲϣҪȻԺͲҪ˵
׾΢΢һ죬һǰƮƮһĳмѸٱóƣͷֳơ
ҶһƷù죬Ͻܿչζ
ļ벢ûʹսַ仯ΪҶֻǶ֡ǹսŮۿΣ磬С̫ͻˣڹһͷأñаɣ
˶á
ȴ˾ȻҶҵڸ˱ĿסͷʲҪ
ΧæӦˣȡ˱УٴΧҶڵ֮£Ҷ࣬ڶѾǳ
ԭűŭͣžȣԱĿϸţᣬ书˵ãȻһ·硣
ŵʵ书Уֻ˿ݡǲֻʩչΧذܣ
һԹսŮ⻰˵˲Ҫ׷УֻԼ趯УסһȻѹȥ
Ҷͷһݣ̵ģС⵱ݶƽľ¸λ˼ʶôͽ̰
Ůһƾè򣬻ֲ֣
èΧҵʲôɫ
Ϊ׳ŭСӣôӣ˵һᣬҪһſŰ
ҶЦǵÿûֶΣ
ƣ
Ѿʩչ趯˳һ㣬ҶΧƹ
Ҷҡͷһ˼˵󻰣Сүû棡˵գַɳץס¥ߵĴ󴬣һƮƮڿն
ߣǸ߸ҲȥеתҶ
ҶڿУһȭǵصһ߸ֻһǿޱȵеӣûڷ飬סеַɳ
߸ΣңȭֻҶѣ
Ҷͬȭӭи߸ӵȭصһǿ֮ȭײ춯صһ죬ҶסǿɶϣƮƮ¥ߵĴװϡ
׳ȼȴûȱ£ҲûзֻܴӴ󴬱ߵȥֵҶ
ŵȥס
ųƬ̣С㣬Ҫûȥס˺ˡСλүǧ֮ðհ
û£мģֽҲĥʱ䡣˵ڣ˭˵ǣȥ
ðɣ
ҲûзԾץסݣԮҶվڴ߿֪ǸУԼҲ˲οԼˣԱ˫վ΢Цϴ󴬡
֮ûҶǾؿҶ˵С㣬ɣ
ǣԮݣһϴ󴬡
Ҷ˫֣ǾͻȺŹı£Ҫ
׳ŭͻͷڹı£б¾ͲҪ㣬һһӲӲһܣ
ҶŨüһû⣬ҸûгԹûҪñɣȭͷô
΢Ц˵úãҲûʲôޣֻ㻯װǱ룬ֽ˷ýʸס
Ҷʼ磬νб¾þǡ
׳粽ǰ
ҶͨҲС
С׳ŭҵ˵㣡ҽѦϣݣҵǴ󽫾Ѧ򳹣ǵ
Ѧ򳹣Űıı֮һСƳĶӣҶͷڻܵĸ£ҪùˣѦ򳹻ᱻͷһҶᱻ
ҶҡͷѦϣݣʲôϡĸɵģû˵ɣ
ѦϣñӶˣеһȫ죬ĽģЦųҶ
ѦϣߵҶǰһȣȭͷҶš
Ҷֻ赭дҲһȭӭѦϣݵȭͷȥ
һȭѾĳɹ
أ

ҽУѦϣݱõɳȥһߣصˤǰ˼֣ϸһֻѾطתš
ҵֶˣӰҵִˣѦϣݺš
ݸ߸ǰץס֣һ£漴һ°ѹͷϣûжϣֻѾˡ
ݸ߸վҶºñ£һȭҷµĵһȭѦֵܵȭͷѾʣٺ٣ղҷҵĵȴһΣɷͽ̣
аͨ
ݸ߸ȭ֣³ӡ
ճҶһͷһݣѵǳ޼ɵĺˣҲǫֵ̃̄汲ǳࣿ


200 Ȼ
һЦ㵹мּʶûүүǳ࣬ĸǳֹ֪㲻ںЩղŸҰѦĹӴѾʣҲںԳĺ˶ֵġĪǣʲǫ̂ں
⻰ҶǹսŮü㵽ǺˣΪǰң
Ҷʼ磬˵ˣֻΪҲҪȥɹϿܲժɹҲҪֻ̫Եˣ嶼Ȧ棬촬ֻýûҴǵĴһ
Σһİʲôܸһ˴
Ҷʲôܲ˴˵գ΢Ц
΢΢һ㶣ʶң
ܼ򵥣ҶѾ֪ҪȥɹǰŮӣҶԭΪָ˳ԼŮɺƺǸ磬Ӧǳ޼ɵŮȻʣŮӣˣ
ҶϸͷɴᣵĶңֻܿԲӣһ˫Ŀţȴĳ࣬ɵ΢΢ЩźԷħһģϸ֫¡˫壬ϿԲĿΣ޳ȣȻѪܰƸιߵĹɫòɴ᣺Ҳǰٻ޵һ䡣
ǰ׾ΪŭǺˣָҶŭ󵨿ͽȻֱ﷼㲻𣿡
Ҷûп΢Ц㲻ôƺɣ
ݸһЦĺȻʵɴᣣȴҲǴⰻȻﲨ书Сþ֮˳ƺСãʵС֮ҡ
ԭ⻰֮󣬱ҪǰȴԱߵס֡Ũüһ壬мֲãôˣ
ǿһȭѦϣݵȥֻȡʤ
ӽŲʱһͣ۾ȴתֻĿ⺬飬⣬ҶԵ飬Լǰ¶㣿ɵشͻ˦õ֣书µһĹŵӣѵвĪĳ˹֣
ų书µһ̫桢̫ڡƸʵ۵ҵӡ
鶼ʼɶĳӣ̾һһ㽿۵һöССĽӣڳʦҵ롣ʱܵһС룬ⶾ벻ȴöԷ޷
ӴϲһץӣָϣЦСӣȻҰһҿз
æ磬򲻵ѣҪһСʦ˵ˣǱõģƽ䲻׼ʹáҪʦ֪ˣҿҪˣУֿɱ̫أ˵ˣ
ǻʵεСãǶȿǾ뵱ʵԵĻףĹͿʵ۵ԵϵԶͬʱ޼ε׾˾ˣǳ޼ɵﱲ۱ǵĳֻ֮׹ϵѾ໥ֱݡ׹ϵ͸Զˡ
⣬ͨʵΪӶ£üлҳԱ֪ʵ谮˾죬Ȼֻһ楡Ȩ㳯Ұĳ޼ɣǰҲŮķԸǶĻҲ
϶˵֪ˡȴ˵Ͼͻ֪˹ֻһ
ߵҶǰĿⶼϣóӵͷ߰İ
޷ǰսŻ׵üë˶СӵĶ֣ҪʹʲôСǾ˵ˡ
ͷ﹫ӣ㵽Ϊֹ
ûлͷΪѾ࣬ǿ̶⣬ΣŻģ󣬶ҶһȭѦүȭͷѾʣҲԿܴܲҵΣ
Χ۵˴˿̶ѾͿûèһ˳˾ηѦϣǺεж书Щһвߵģȴģһȭһʯ壡Ǿˣȴⲻ֪·ӭһȭӲӲѾˡβľ
һֱߵţǳõʦųµһֵӣǺ书ɷ޼۹⣬ȻҶĵϸ
ӸղŵļսҶʩչһȭ֮⣬û˾ǶԾοԿǲʲô书Ϊλǿ￪ʼʮʱ䣬Ҳ޷ǿĵز
Ųģųӵʵӿ˵ɷõĵ֮һѾɷ洫һѾжֻ֡ҪӲӲɵԳӵ书ȡʤӦòڻ¡
ţ˵Ӯ𣿡˫ĿҶҲתͷЦʡ
ҲûתͷӵȭѾ˰˷ֻܶһ֣ʦʮֿޡȻǿϾ书Ҫȡʤӣֻºѡ
𣿡۵ĺ촽һĻȣֳһСɵУҲ书ҵӻʤ
Ҷȴˣ΢΢Ƿл
ŶҶӼҪˣ˫ȭսϢתȫ
Ƭ̵ͻȻ͵شֱܳҶ˲ȭһöССĽǰȻһСϸϸĶ룬ŰɫĹâȭХУҶĿڣȭ
ǻʰ㼲ϮȭͷҶ˲ã̧֣ӭȭͷһȭ
Ӵϲ¶ЦСӣɣ
ȭͷײ˲䣬ҶȭͷͻȻһȳһػţ
޴ĳӴ߳Ƥ򣬵ɳȥʮײѦϣݵϣǿվסʱظѪӿ
սˣ㵣رţ۵ͫףವһɭɭҶȴȻһЦ̧֣ժͷɴ᣶ң¶˰һ㽿۵ӣž׵˶Ȼʧɫ
ӣԭǸز¶ĸְĵЦ紺԰еĻ䶼˲ţҶ۾ֱˣﰵУҵﰡ侹Ȼ˾ɫŮ
㲻ҪȭͷѾΪβȭѪڵؿڣܻ˵
ҶһЦģһȭͷѾʵġֻǸղţŻ󿪣һȭһÿϧˡ
źϾҶ۽ȭͷϽӵĶ룬ǳϸ޵ģԷԲһٴζҶȥȭ
̧֣ȫȭ壬Ҷͫ˲ȭͷſƣӭ˹ȥƣ
ӿϲȭƣаöжԷᾢȫȭ֮ϣ˲䵽˼¡
ȭһȣӵȭͷХʢŴݿƣݺҶӭĵơ
һȭƣ΢䣬Сģ
˫ۣҶӵȭ紵ţȭͷȴ㲥һ㣬ȭƼ˲䣬ҶָһգƹԷȭͷһץסһѾʣ
ûȳӲҽгҶȭͷѾʵһתȭţ
ɣ͵һ漴̱ڵϣ˵ˡ
ŵһĳӣɨһˣҶƣһڣԸ
ҶĿ񣬳ӵýָӵĶѾȫ۾ȭ϶ķ⣬ҲҶ׼ȷز׽ˣóӼڸȭŶȭǿԷժѾʣöӽԷУȫԵزˡ
˶ˣﳯҶȻһЦŵؿһۡ̾˿ˣýϵĶСӣ˼ҿˣжҪԼ书ԾӦСӵģСҲǿһЩѣ书һͿ
΢ЦҡͷȴôΪҾкܶ౾û³ء
Ҷˣﹰֵл佱
ӵҧ촽ŵĻ֮иƶߵҶǰҲȭͷǲô
Ҷʼ磬ãӦҲǳҵˣҪûʲôİèʲôģͲ˵ˣҲö֡
ҽгȻ


201 ޸Ϊ
ҶŶһЦеﵹǺ䡣
Ȼͨ졣
̱ڵϵĳȫԣͻܶСģڹ㣬˷ִ磬ó룡
Ȼһͷšģְɣ
Ҷ˫֣ҴŮˡ书УַһܺõĽڡ
ǺãУȻһƯļƣƷɣжʱӰƮƮѩƬһҶ
Ҷֱ治һһǼ٣ԥʱһֱڵ˵ѦϣݣѾҶ࣬ͻȻڿնȫע˫ȭ˿˿ХҶͷȥ˫
ﾪһСģ
Ѧϣݵ˫ȭȭ磬Ҷǰķ˿¶˫Ҫͷ΢΢һЦһ壬ԾһͷԱӭŶԷͳȥ˫ȭͷ˫
ȻѦϣݵԸѦϣݣֻٶҪѦϣݿܶ࣬Ѧϣݻ֮ǰжԷ
Ѧϣһȭܡ
һУŶŵС
ûѦϣ仰Ҷ˫ȭѾز£صػѦϣݵţ
飡
ѦϣݵɳУأ˼£ͣסȴһѪ߳
Ҷһ£˳ȻĹѦϣݣѪѦϣݣȻˣһʱ˽
ۣٴವһ״СҶúݵֶΣ
Ҷʼ磬ڰ͵ϮˣҴ
Ȼһ𣬿ƷɣٴҶҶʹһΣȻȭƲȥģûԼʩչҶҲû;飬ȻƻСˣȻбɣߵõɳȥڴװϴһվ
ﾪӣû°ɣ
ҶЦЦлϵҲ͸ҵô˵ҶеЩȭţʵʹ飬ֻЦѣкȻСǰţƺģȴЩ¡
ȻղȭƣѾʮɹԿʯ벻ȴҶ³ȥȡʤ
Ȼʹȡһһ£ֳȻǴ˫һһָͣҶУ
ҶûгԼûбͻȻǵȴԼȡУӡɺ˼֣˫һ̯Ҿ˫ֽӹ˫
һ⻰ּӲɴ⣬˫ʮ㻹аɣҪûУһѣʹʹ
лҶ΢Ц˫ҵ˫Ҳҿֶ˫
ԼȻг䷭ɣʵƮҶֻʵȻÿȴġ
ҶУۿˡѾˣԷղŵȭһֱӹԷΪ˷ԼѣһּѹʽĹ趯ͬʱûĿǰƽͻԷײУԣѧԾƶ侲۲죬ԷûнĿ꣬ҲûбҪܡ
Ȼ书Ҫȸ糤ӻҪ߳һʹõıУҶòоӦԣȻҶֻǺ˲ʩչµ⡣ǣ˫ҶҶʩչʱ趯ѹһҶڱЩĳ˵
ŵţﲻʱкţСģСģ
˹ػСӣŵĳӣԱվŵİΪʼɶһöˡֻţǹһ˿صЦ
ŶطǳǱҶȻ촽΢̣ǵ⣬һ˫Ƹʱ䣬Ҷ
ŵС춼Բ˸ӵˣһ˫ķĿ˿ǹУҶ
ҶǱȻͬʱȻ䣬絯ƵĴܳڳȻ˫þ׼صͬʱһ£һץס˫Уһ£˫š䣬ȴû۶ϣ
Ȼ󾪣޳̧һţҶĿ£
úݣӶӾҶҲ̧ţӭ߳أȻõɳȥг֣ŵأԶֱ糤ڵϵ嵲ס
Ҷתס˶ýúýôšϡ
ȻǺŵԧ콣ң
Ҷһ֣ȴͨˮУЦԼȥȡɣ
óȻԸʮʹӷ׷ץ´뺣Ѱԧ콣ȥˣǳԶԶˮϺϷˮﻹҵõ
ȻȻΣָҶңһҪ
˵װͰ͵ģû˫ȭͷҲ޷ȡʤ㲻ٹ
ϲſ˫Ҷӣ̫ˣֶܿУ˲֣Ҽߣˣ
ſ˫ܶ䣬˫µ߶ǲӿɽ峯Ҷظײ˹
ӡ۾ҪΪʼɶˣȴȫȻˣСͶһ˽ҶĻĲȵ˫弴ײҶʱȴҶĴһץסˡ
ѽô˼ﺦߵҶӣȴƲΪ˫ѾҶץס
Ҷַۣ֮ѾһССļ̣ģһʹ˾綾
һԺ۷ϣȻһԶ룡
ŸķĨҪʱ򰴶أ̳Ĩأɫ§ʱ򣬱ԷţĶȻһ˲̱һܾʱڣýҩѪַŮߣ๼
ӣ㡭ǣʲô
װŲҶ
ҶǼ̵תİĲϣҴһ£Ͼ֪ʲôˡ𣿡
ǰǰָҶſȻ֮أ
ҶбۿСʲô֣ĸӵܣ
ҽз޻䣬үүǵ࣬ҸǷ򡭡С˵أŷӦǺһ䡣
շࣿҶŶһүү
ǣ˰ɣ
ҶЦЦŰʲôˣ壿
ҲҲĸǸ⹫Ǿ
޻ױƵİѼԺն˳ҶһǷŰģƲƲ죬ˣٹ£ǾͼˣԷ޻СһվţҸ˵ȻҪÿ
޻һϽһ˵
Ҷм绨ỬĲÿҺ̸
￩Цûкµɫһ˫ĿʱҶۣ֪Ǹϧľӣ׵ɷ羰ģˣô֪ǰⶫģ
ҶҲ΢Ц·ϥ̸ĵĺ죺ܼ򵥣һͻȻģ˹ҵİΣͶͱܲһɡΪûԵ޹ʵİƫҵ۾ַǳļ⣬ǰļȻϸСȴǱҿˡǶ죬ź£Ҿͷֲˣõˡļƣ極á
ʶҽ㣿Цú˿ûб˽ҴϷΣô˵Ҳǳ͢ˣʲôٵģƷ
Ҷ΢ЦѾ֪һҵݸ𣿡
ӴǾͷſ˼ץ˼˿˳ɺͳŤӣһŮɬ˿űϧҪǻˣֻбˣƫƫ˶Ů۵ܸߵҶǣŤֻȴεҶƿС
ҶһɭţذΧľʿܱǸҪ뿪ʱܷſ㡣
ݸһЦղŲ˵ҪһɹȥժɹǾ£һ߰ɡ
ٺ١Ҷɨһһķ޻䡢ӣ׷̫ˣҿɻԼߵĺáҰɡ
Сӣڷſһȫʬ򣬽ң
ҶƲƲ죬ҶǸֺαطſ
һƽóȻ֣ΪղŵıпóҶǿǰֻҪһ£ϣеֻ壬Ż
̾˿Ȼ㲻Ը£߰ɣɱǡģ˵㻰
Ҷ룬ˣ㵱óһ·뿪κҲץҡΥ˭µͱ޸Ϊޣ


202 ¶
һ⻰˶ϱɫЩǴǳ⡣
ȴЦú𣺡ǲñԼˣ֮⣬Ǽ޸Ϊޡ
Ҷǹǵ΢ЦЩߵץסֲɵһ£⣬һʱ㵥̸ڣֻ뿪һỹټģ죬ɹ
ﱻһڱᱡѾϼԩң㲻ǺҸ˰ɣ
Ҷ⻬һǣ
ãһΪСԩңȭһ£Դıʿڽţÿһ·뿪κ˲Υն
ģһ仰û˵
ｿطһֽۣ˭ҪҾͼ޸СΪޣҷģ
ʿһԵǷ˼˭Ҫǵھǰͣ˭ݵ棬ʿÿһĴ¿ý˵ǿƺҲϴˡ
Ҷſ֣һţˣ˵գ¶֣Ծ˴ϣ̤¡
ﰡĽһߣͿҶ棬зɳסݣжƮƮڵϣವջ˷ͷ˿ָһִǡ
ƱһĿɿڴáǺ߲Խ
ҶЦ̤ߡ߹һЩߣ˳ץѸ־⣬һ䣬һŴţƤ˾ȦʧԶС
ȻΧ£޻ҧгݵץ
һ֣ȥɹʱץΥҵԣ
Ȼݺݵھô
ˣԭ޵ҶӰʧͲп᣺Ҫ֪ҵ

ҶѾԶˣĺݻܺãŹ־С֡
ץΪѾڷҪץͱ޸ԼҲ˽Ծץѻʵ۵Сͽӡ
СʼɽѰ˵
кܶ޴ҶӶεģҲǺɫʣҲܴȥ
һҵλöã֮ƶ
һµбҵһúܴҪʮ˺ϱܱ
ķǳӲѰ־ӲԼעϣǿܾ⶯
þӽþϣȻɴһɳΣϵʱ־ȫĥˡ
ţĲλʼͶһһȥĿȻڿմڲʼʱøͷҲǼעǣ̫Ӳˣ˲һ룬Ѹͷˡûпڵĸͷ
ǣҶͳǱʹ͵ذڣȵط֣ذ׼ԼľȻжһףҲѾԣܿͰѴڲһס˵Ĵȴûģ
ţиһľͷһШδľţƤľΧ֮ھʵϷرˡ
Ҷһװã֮ľͲ䡣
ȻҶʱĲһɽķ緫ǲβ緫ģͰڷ÷緫ǰڱ֮ǰ緫ս׮
ҵԼڽ֮ǰļϣһıӡţ֮ĳʳеˮһơӷŽ׮
һ׼̫ͣɽȾ˰졣
ҶĨһѺڴ׮ϣһϿֵĽ㣬β˵
Ƭ̣ԶһôϣһŮӴЦСܵܺôΣ㷢ˡ
˵գأӴˣһǻ֮ٸһģ¸˸оɧˡһһĺͯŻһëĵطˣ˸ǶŽѾӵضٸ͵Ҷ
Ҷ߹ٸ΢Цһֱ͵촬Ī˳紬
Сܵ˼ٸſС֣һԾɵҶߣ΢ЦĻģ㲻Ĵкô㡣˵գһҶļ򣬷һۡ
Ҷһվ棬ҧָСкٸҲҪȥɹժɹ
ɹܣۼժɹˣûһǧҲа˰٣·ӦоУҲȱǽ԰ɣ
ҶŶһʣкܶҪȥɹ𣿡
ǣֻҿǶ촬˵촬ǵģʮа˾Ŷ˴ںˣôطͿ׮ѡǳļӲٴķҲ£ϲԸָ룬ĴϵֻҪǴӦˣڴӣģв
˵ţ££ҶӣȵĽ¶ҶоЩڸεعһˮֿһ۵Сǽܣ
ǰĪǽ㿴ź𣿡
ҪϣǾûŮһ˵ˡ
ܾܵͻ˵¶ܵأôƺ
ɡ
ɰˣôҪҪϴ˵գ¶ָ̧Ҷաֻᣬƺһħܵȼ˵ĳ뷨
Ҷû취Ҳ֪ܶǵɹ⣬Ҳ˼ǼȽϺãõɹֲñ֪ҵõˣҪȻֻһӾͱָˡ
ԭ˰ܵҵǲ£ΪֻϵȥֵģǲָܵʲôɹȻɵõɹԸָһڣǽɾˡ
ҶЦЦ˼ǿ
¶ŤŤ֫ײһҶļ򣬵ҪҳһڣҾһ꣬ھ꣬ҪڣҾʮ꣡Σʮ֮󣬽ҲˣҲζˣ϶ǲϲģ»ˣҲûҪƤˣǲ
¶Цû֦ҲǰһԺнص߶ţֱѪղѾһĵ˼ܳһɧ˼µ¶Լǲǵһˣһһһ
Ҷôң
ǵȻῴ۵ģ˵ģʹ㷥촬һ˵µһһµһҲ˭أܵҲýţֻǽ飬Ҫ᲻øԣ߿Ͻ㣬Ҳ޷δŵܵȥɹҲֻǳʶ۽ģָпڸԡ
˵·־ǰԼ˵̫ԣæεεɣҿɲŮˣǿµһͷǲίġʵ˵ɣ˼ҡ˼һǸƻŮء
찡Ҷ˾һ䡣
վ׮ҧָǵСһ˵һ䣺㣬Ҷˡ
ˣûԵˣҪԵ£
СкߵҶ棬СԴͰ͵磬һԵ£
й
Скͷ
ҶЦЦԵĶ׮׼˵СԼȥãɻֱˣȵȣǰѴƵʱøԡ
ĽҶһۣ̫ˡʳˮĶԼܲźá
¶εεҪƴҿû
ҶҲûָ˰æ촬ʱѾ˹ƣ׮ԼþȫǿƶģοѾڵڲܴһ飬˺ܶࡣһ¶ȱȽСб£б¾ͷһ̫ߵ£ǺĺˮֱӰ׮ȥˡ
ҶǵţҰ׮ƵȥһͿԳˡ
¶ҲߴյҶߣӵǴһҾˣôУҪǾõܵһ԰£һڴԼ棬׮ܴܰȫġ
Ҷ׮һֱ׮ȵԲΣ⿪ƹ̨һôһС治⡣ҶͿ׮ʱע°벿ʵһЩͳһ̣ܱͨǳϣʱ򣬿档
ҶˣرǶһİͻȻԸ˯Ůˣܲ裬µǴҪ
¶벻Ҷܾɵһ㶣ЦݱЩɬ㡭㿴Ͻ㣿
˼ҶЦЦûж͡ߵ׮࣬һᵽʮɣоת۰˫ȶ޼᲻ݵһƶ׮
һ¥ߵ׮ƥеǿƶ£ʼƶ


203 ѹ
¶Ȼһ֮ƶ˾޴׮Ͷ˶쵰ΣǱƽкá
Ҷ׮Ƶб£һ·ȥԽԽ죬涼һ·Сܣ±ߣһʹȫ׮͵Ƴ
׮ڵһȥڿŻһߣ˼Զ֮ĺ棬ˮˮףƬ̣ð˳ҲֻС¶ˮ档
¶һ΢ЦǳأˮǲƯģڿܸ֮ˡľһֿܵϵĿˣΪʲôԭܴ
Ҷ֪ĺܶడ
¶һЦɹ飬Ҳ඼֪֪ʲôҾˡ
Ҷϲ̫ˣûȥܶ鲻֪ĺءھͺöˡȥѴ
Ҷ£ˮУε׮ߣѾװߣȻ׮˰ߣ˩ڰߵһôϡ
¶ž밶߻һξ׮ҧ촽ҶɣôϴҪ㱧ҹȥɣ
ˮ̫ȥҲʪġ
¶չһЦ㶺ģֱˣҲȥ
Ҷһæץס뿪ˮ档
¶ڱϣһԾͥŲһƮƮ˹ȥ׮
ŮṦ治ڻǰҶ룬Լ·Ӿ׮ڴƴЦš
Ҷϴ֮굽ȡʳƷӺ͵ˮӣ¶һڴԶ
˿̣Ѿȫˡе¹ҫš淴⡣¶Եú٣ֻ˰ͲˣƺΪ˱ġ
ָźԶŨŨ³ߺ궼֮󣬸ʮĶֻһŻ䵭ܿٲԶͬʱϾĪ籩꣬죬Ĵᱻ򷭡⣬ﻹһ־޴ĸ㣬пǳײҧ鴬壡׮Ӧ޴졣˵ȫָ׮ˡ
ЩҶѾˣҲûʲ˵ʵǽǰǸʲôģ˵𣿡
¶ݸһЦ֪㵣ʲôɣҪĵģ˯棬Һ͵ܵ˯档ֻߣɴȵ˵ϣٷſǡò
ǵûбҪҶЦЦƽҪͬ۹ãȻҪʸס
ҲԣãҸ㣬ҺҵܵЩĸսжˣֻʣǽ˵ɹɹŮ˳ഺפһϵŮˣԣȥһöˣഺפֻܶʮʮģˡҾʹŵܵˡ
Ů˵ԣഺפÿŮ˵룬¶ȻҲ⡣
¶ֵ˵ȥɹǳΣգҪóֵ׼ҾĴⷽϢǰ˺Щߣ֪ûȥҸ顣֮ҾõĴҵǵˣԲϧԸ㲻˿Ұɣ
ÿ˶ԼԸΪԸܻḶһЩҶ뵽ԼԼΪ׷ԱôðΣǵ
ֻ֮ǰ뷨ԴӸǸһ֮ͷϾ͸洵ˣֻǸȤ⵺ǲһɹ˰ٲഺפûУΪʲôʼɳ˹ģˮʦ촬ǵԣҶǵģҲܷһἸɹζ
¶ĻȻһЦô˵Һܸˡ
˵һᣬҶ֮¶Թ˯棬˯棬֪𣿡
ͷ
¶¶ЦݣͷȴҶӰӣֿ֣ȥĶѾľסˣǳԾҶ϶Ѿȥˡæȥľɣһûأ
׮洫Ҷ͵ܵ˯棬˯档
¶źཱུС죬Ĵľôý¶޺棿쿪ţ㣬㾡ˡò
¶ô˵ȴûҶ
Īʶ¶ƻͶͱҶľûаȫе£Ҷ뵽ԼԴԣѡ˾顣
һҶ뵽§ǻŮɴһȵģȴֻܹߣδֶԼ侲Щջ
ڶϣҶĴˣۣ¶׮еɣԳˣ
ҶŴľ˯ðԴϲ¶ԼǾ飬˼һ涳һޣ
Ҷû磬ĿܣֻѾ¶ǰףֻԶǵĴѾˣ﷫𺽣ʻȥмŨҲԼ˺ܶࡣ
ǼҴ󴬣ϣҲдСȵĴֻں﷫𺽣ȿֺǰ塣
ҶһŴӴȡ緫ΦѾںõĿѷ緫Ҳֻǣ׮һ޴׮ھɣϵĴнٶԱЩҪܶ࣬һͷˮţһǰŲ
¶żôֻµǵ֮˼Ҳɹˡֶûÿˡ
ҶвΪɹΪ̫ܷȵǵο˵ˣǵ·;ʮּվôɣһ㣬ס
еϥ׮ϣҳŷ緫ôֱʻ
¶Ӱȡһӣˣһ˾ϣƽڴϡȻϷ˱Ƚϴ󣬵Ϊǵ׮ǷǳӲҳصģ˵ı·ǳǿ˻ζ
¶ܿжϳ˷ָǰŨߣ
ҶûпԼϵĵӱָ룬¶ָߡԶǵĴ󴬣ϣܸϡ
ǣǵĴٶ̫ˣûȽŨѾԶԶذǵ׮˦˺档ǼһŨġ
Ũ֮ʵ裬ֻܿڵĵطǵĴѾûټԶֻмСҪǿǰУֻǵĴ첻˶١
¶һֱûһҶ˵Ҷװûش˵˰죬Ҳͱˡ
ǰʻ˴һʱȻҶĿ꿦΢΢бۣ¶ɫ糣Ӧûһ£ûǰ
׮ǰʹԽԽܿ죬¶ɫ˷Ӧɣʲôֵ˺ô£Ǿ޴һĹ޳˰ɣ
Ҷ¶Ի񣬵ţʲô֪ǲǹޡ
¶ҡͷ񣡡
񣿡Ҷޣ
ô¶һЦֻǾò̫˺ҧʲô⡣
ֹһᣬԽԽţ㿴һΰߴľŨһɽƵײ˳ϸ߸ߵһɫĽ죬дŶġơ֣
ǵĴ
ҶϳˡûκξϲΪֲԾҴûʲô򣬶һͷѰĹޡ˿̣һСٶ֮죬Сܣͱ¥ߵľ޴ˣϵ˷׷ˮ󺰾
֪ˣΪʲô˺ԭģ
Ҵ˺üС֮ǷҶ׮ǣתͷǵ׮
Ҷ󾪣վңɰ
ܿ죬ͷﻹгȻѦϣݡ޻˵ӰһԲ
˵䣬Ҿ޴ɽһ㳯Ҷǵ׮ѹ
Ҷǵ׮ܲ󴬵ĳҶȥգ
봬գҶľϣո׼ã͸оҵ𶯣ļѹ˿ֲ
ڹ¡˵ĿҶַʹѣˮ룬ʹܸоõ
սľУʼûиоˮ롣ҶϲôǽʵֵһᣬоûµײСľ̽ͷ鿴
һ֮£ɵþϲӣֻԶҳľѾûˮбˣˮѾˮڴһҴ󴬿ڱϣµС˽˴Ҵ󴬻ˮˮҪϴȴľýնץŴϵ֣ˮС
ȴԭղһײûаҶǵ׮ײãͬײ˽ʯϣǵĴײһû޲ܿ³ֻ
Ҷ׮վڴϣ˼Ĵˣ
ͷҶԭ¶˲õЦݣĿڣһظӣϲӣһΪˮأڿ㰲Ȼøˣϴɣôһǵ


204 캧
ҶղŲǿҧгҪݴǣҪ㸹ûпﾹȻôϷһŮˡڣԼ˳ԹˣɱˣֻȫƮƮ͸ϴȥˡ
ҶӣָŴ˫ĿԼѦϣݵˣһˣҲϵļһŶԼ췹أ
￴ԱѦϣһۡѦϣվγеŸߺżż
ϵıʿҶʱ¡
ҶһһϽͷ봬գľϡ

һķɼ䵽ǵ׮ϣǣûһ֧ܲ棬ȫˮС
Ȼ΢䣬㣬촬̫Ӳˣ䲻ȥ
ȥõݺݵ
ϷһرʿСܿ컮ǵ׮ǰʿеĵϴõͿеڴõ
׮ϣǳǳİ׺֮⣬ûκ𺦣ǵĵˡ
Ѿϴ󴬣վڴͷʿǷ˰쾢Ҳûܺ׮ֺüⶫôôӲ
Ȼͨĸûа취ʦ˵üǿע֮ϣܿ⡣Ҫȥԣ
¶һĨ̵΢ЦҡͷãǶ棬׽⴬ϵǴ󴬺棬ȵǵ֮󣬼ܻ濾ҲҪãĺ棬ǿһ⣡ͷ֮ޣ
ƴЦ˼ƴ
£ʿǽһŴ׮סڴ󴬺档ǵǴ֮ѰЩСѹСǴ֮£ˮ˲ҽкȣȴûǡ
ȵСݻ֮󣬴󴬼ΣźСȥŨ֮ǿɹģֻܿ˾ָ򡣴µķȷ֮ǰ
ҶһյڵĴնʱһƬ¶ŵܵܺµڽ䡣
ҶǶѾ˵жĺݶ̵ʶҿԼһˣʶЫŮˣҪȻΪ˰ͽȢһŮӣǵͷֻµõɽͬʱȴҪĥЫŮ˶ˣǲ·ңںˡ
¶Ѿŵûʧɫſܵܣһ˹ȥҶĸ첲ΪʲôҪǣгʲôˣ
ǳ͢ˣ̫Եˣѱ˵ˣӸղôѹĴ֪Ϊǵ棬ɱˡҪɱҲҪɡ
Ҹԩ޳𰡣
ЩСϵ˸гֻҪǵǵˣֻ¶ҪŰɱĶǽҲ⣡
ô죿ô죿𣿡¶öˣҶĸ첲
Ҷֱۣģһ·ȵɹ취
ôôʿ
Ӿ𣿡
ᡣ
Ҷһ࣬ʵԼӾҲôˮʵڰϻֻеϰ֮ͻǿͻΧԼҪõĵġǣҪǾͱȽ鷳ˡ
ĥô죬ͻȻ¶һѾסţʱԣã¶ѾһذףҶĲϣԲɣΪ˻ֻܰ׳ȥ
ҶȻģԽƯŮˣĳԽݶ
¶Цܵܿ۹⣬ϧ˵㡣
Ϊ׳ȥǾͻŹǣͻǵǵ
᲻ᣬ˲ֻ֪ȥ֣ôˣôһСŮӣ¶תͷԹӴ򿪣ѾץסˣҪ׸ǡ
Ӧˣȥӿۣ̫ˣš¶һûãҶذһľ򿪣
Ҷ˵ֽ̧ľ۴ˣƿľһƬ¶Ǿա
¶ȻһЦôôң
ڲԺûˡ
⵹Ҳǡ㽻ȥֻºܿͻᱻɱ˵ŮˣĸҲˡ
Ҷ̾˿ǰԭΪŮһöȴĸһͷô𣿡
ұƾ֪ˡȥ
ȥȥ
̫Сˣ޷ͬʱͨ¶һЦѵסңȥ˵
գץ۵ţѾץסˣҪ׸ǣˣ
ѶվڴβۿȻҪҪȥץˣ
Цֻ壬Ѿ֮ûҪðգҸԸǣżǺӣڳڣԷǳӣ
ŵģӲˣ
Ҳܴ⣬һǸأ
Զԣżż
ʱ£ͻȻèһѸݣವһ±˴ɼϣûһ֧룬뺣См֧ͨϣ֮С¶һϽԹû°ɣ
һ˲䣬ҶѾץסڲϵǱذףһšһذ۶ϣ
¶벻ҶֶܿУһķӦҲǼ죬̧һϥײҶҶ³Ĵϣ
һ⣬ĳ¶оȹǼѣʧҽУһӶ˵ϡ
ҶȽľϿۺãȻǰصסĲ˵Ǿ㣿ǰƯļٵȻȥˣ
¶ҪϢˣĴ۾Ѿףȫ˵ȴ˵
ҶҪʱ򣬲ؽڽ䡣
¶ͣؿԣһšűŽ㣬ֲؿҶ
Ҷǰһץס¶ʼ͹µĽеĶѳӳ˴棬Ѳ˹ϣûзų¶Ŀ˫ַ˸ʵ
¶һֱŰ˵Լղ̫ˣǹҪԭ¡
ҶҪ˵ӾЬ
¶ٲ˵ҭšҲֻǿޣڽߣһ仰˵
Ҷڵ̵ģôɫŮǷӣҪӵȤ
һʱͻȻҶ洫ģͬʱоǵ׮ʼҡԽԽ
ô£
ҶľưƵĴ£ϽְľϣôƬ̹򣬴Ѿˮ˽ףɼıж
ܿ죬ǵ׮ҡԽԽȻתŵĵϨˡ
Ҷ֪ϻп籩֮꣬촬ʱ򣬾ѾȫԽԼ̶ڴյǽϣ⣬ʳƷҲ˩̶
˿̱٣ҶһץסǽϵĽ氲ȫԼ̶ǽϡͬʱ۽źӡ⺢ӻ̫С£Ҷ׼һ¶ͿԼ컯ˡ
ܿ죬ǵ׮ͳ˻ʽʦľƿԸֲͬǶȷٶתţ˫ֵ¶޷Ծȣҽű˦ײȥͷѪײҶϣҶѾ
¶ҽԽԽ΢Ű磬ȾȽ㣬ˡ
Ҷ̾һ¶һα˦ʱץס

³ߺѾ󿪵ˮű꣬Խ˴ɵĿ磬淭ż¥ߵľˡǵļҴ󴬣ܿ㱻飡ıʿߡ
ŵץסһȴץס˩Ҷ׮֪ܿסⳡ˿籩ģֻҶǾ󵾲ݡ
Ȼȴֻ֪ץϣֵؿ⾪˽һһ飡˵з˵Σգ벻ȷʵôΣΣգ֪ҲġںѾˡ
£ѾûĴϱߣСӵܿˣǸϽ˳Сӵȥ취ľȥܱס찡
ѦϣȷӦϽץϣţ޻ҲŻȥӱˣȫԣóȻץȥˡмʿҲȥȴ߷ˡ
˿̣һ¥ߵľڣǵĴ󴬷ͷƤľ죬ǶѣأѸ³ϱʿҲû
ץסԾ£ϡ
ھвͣҲʱˮУʱðͷҶŪ˲̣Ժܷܿ¶ˮ棬ŵץ֣ǿ㸹


205 
ץסľΣһ£ֶˣľȴûжӸûĵطƴĴСӣ쿪ţҪȻƴһ
洫ҶЦţбԿ
ſŭһͻ壬ȴûκζתͻľҲûκЧ
ʱԽԽŴˮ׵ʱԽԽÿðţĶǺҿԣ֪Σֻ¾ͱˡ
ĴľϢŰ󣺡ɣˣţȾǡˣ
ҶЦôѹǵʱ򣬷żҪǵʱôûн죿
ҡҴˣ㡭
ҿɲ뵱ǻǳԵ
Ǿġ
˵ǵĴֲˮף˹˿һƤˮʱð˳һʱ̫ŶǺˮˣһԡ书ķ޻Ѿȥҿһֻץ
ѾǺ˵ˣȻ书һǿģԺЩϢĴүүǳֻ࣬Ҫǣүү٣٣ұ֤
Ļһţ
ҷģҪΥԣ׺䣡
ǸҶûȤŮЩȤ
ǡҸɫŮʮұ֤ǵģ
ţһͷĸ˵ǣô죿
ģҪţǾҵ׼ԲҲ˰ɣ
ҶЦ㣬һеȤ
ȻϢŵɣҡѾ˼ˡ
˵ֱ˾ˮףһβر𳤣ˣ书Ե͵ѦϣѾȥ
оʶѾʼģ֪ԼҲܲһγˮˣĴŴ棬ϢŵɣҪǾңҾͼ޸ӡ
򲻿ɣ
죡þɣңҾӣҷģҪΥԣ֮أ
Ҷһˣѵ֮أֻ㸹ˣ̵ģǰǷģðɣٷģţԶɷģҪǲɷĻΣ
ҪǲĻȫ
湻ݵģİȫ˶ϣҶЦֵֻ㣬ʲôžˣԼ
϶ŵߣ뿪߰
ȻͷﱣأκˮпӣˮץסֻҪӣϣȥ
ˣҷģ
ҶֵҾÿ˸ҳлǮһᣬڳȻòľɫŮʮӦˣӾ;ǣ
Ȼ޻æ䷢ĴӦˡ
ʱȻ죡򿪣ˣ˺ôǿȥġ
صһľ汻ײ
ͨߵϽͷ˽ȥȻԵĸ룬ֽķ޻Ҳ˽ȥҲѦϣ룬Ÿ롣Ҷľϵͬʱصһ죬ǵһˮ
˸оһֱ³ܾĵģˮһٷĹϸɵϱɫˮôʱ䣬Ҫûмʱᱻ
ҶְԼðȫϵãȻȻұţԼҵطץȻȻᴬᷭҿɲܡ
˿ﻹ˵ϱģͶҶȻ˲䣬Ѿ˴ۿֻҶй̶ԥƬ̣תҶϣҶ§ʪ͹µŮ޸ǳֻǲһе汧ҶģȻǱΪ˫ֻҪץסĸ糤ӡҶҲʵץסһСɵ顣
³ͻϸĹУԱȽƽȣȻɣ֡Ѿ˼˵ġ
˭ˣҶûɿ
ڰдңȥǾҪ飬ܶɹõƸ벻¡Ȼû°ɣ
Ҷ§δ޵֣һֽͬʱҲһֺãϣҶͬһԿԧ졣
Ȼûб˿̱ҶţҪʹȥһ¡
ҶԲӡǲģ˵Ȼδޣƶ§סСԳȻѲץסȻᷭΣյġ
ȻоҶƿ΢΢һ־΢΢Щʧӣҡ
û뵽ȻǸ˾ӣû֮ǰǲδ޵ģãȻԼСģչԼ
Ҷûжǹ̶ҪðԴãõʱײˣֻ
ôһ˵ԼСǻԼǰȻЩ˺ײȻʱû£ֻҪңҪص㱣Ĵè
ǣҶڼԱȽƽȵĿ϶⿪ȫöŮԱţ˫ֻסԵͷȻҶԼǣðȫһΣҿȫıȽϳһֻּŹһֻץȫԵĳӡ
лл㣬ɣҶԼǰ棬˹̶ڰȫ֮Ϊж˵һ䡣
ҶֻϣܼסգԺٱģ
з֮ԼΪ޻ôǵͷ
Ըˣ
ӱҶץţȫԶãһӲڻڿǻˣģҳǷղôӦ飬һ쵽
˵˵㣬ưɡ
Ȼ¶ɣҲȾҡأ
ҶͷǾͿ
¶˫ַͷѾײѪ죬ϽҶϣҶֽ⿪˫֣۵һ˫ıסҶܹͬܵһš
Ѧϣݡ޻䡢ҲûҶĻǲңֻΧǴΦһţԴм䣬Ա໥ײ
ո׼ãǵͿʼҡΡת֪Ѿðˮ棬һֵĳ
ʱǵһһεر˻Ūˮͣط˱ţȻдΦ֧ԺһЩǻֹסĴײҽ˷Ҷÿζ׼ȷжײֺͽŽƿǿ£ײ̶ܴ
֪˶ãǵȺʹԽԽ٣֪ڽƽϢ
ڣָƽҡڣһҶô
ҡû¡ſǻһҡ
ȻأҶҲܲʲôܣֱ˵úǵĻʡ
ҡҲû£硣ȻЩ࣬ҲһȽǵĳƺ빲ҶһֱⱣǣܸжҶĵѾȻ޴档Լĸ磬ֵ磡û°ɣ
ӳû£ֵչҺܺãл
޷֣ͬ۹Ҷ¶Сιˣˣ
ȴû¶ĻӦоҲġҶаԳһĨһ£оĲһι湻ûУҶֵ֫һײջأ¶ͣЦƿҶ˼Ҷ࿿һ
ûҶ˵Ѿɷ㣬Ϊ籩Σգڹȥˣ㻹ռˣ治ˣ
¶֪ǳ͢ˣƾɲԼǵģϽԲңֻǿЦû˼ԺҲˡ
ڰҲֻǱǿغһһȥ
ǣ¶ϽŹ㵽һߣҶĻ£ûܵκ˺
Ҷ⿪˰ȫȻľչ˽նʱһƬҲɱŵˣһʹ
ȻһϽǰˣǷ޻䣬ֻѾȥȴһǵ޻ǹ췭ת첲ʱһһ飬Ѿ۶ϣ
ʱԱߴѦϣݵȻæʵô
ҵ߹Ǻʹˣ
üһۣ
ȻһĶʱᵽɤۣδϽô
ۣһ۳ȻһЦҡû¡
̫ˣˣȻһҷ
á
ȻͻȻôôѪ
ͷһȱΦ˻һӣѪ졣ȻŵöҪˣô죿ô죿
û£˿ڰþ˵ġֽҩӻһСƿҩ۵ϣ˺һ½˿ڰá


206 ǿ
ûҶİȫˣȫˡҶ̾˿⣬ֻϦ¡ĺ澹Ȼˮϴһ㣬ŨԶԶߣܾĵģˣҲ
Ҳһ˲ܶĳӣƽ̹Ĵϣ⾲ĺ棬˭뵽ڲǰһ캧ˣ
ͻȻȻһָźиˣ
ĿͶȥȻƽˮƯһˡϸϸϣȻţ
ţ˰Ȼ
û˶ҶģҶڰȻۺ˭棿˭Ҿˣһ۾ŵȴ
תͷҶҪҪ
Ҷ룬ȰɣǵȻҪ˫֣书̫ߣҿɲ뱻ɱ
ãˣ
ܿ죬˹ŶӸ߸߹𣬿Ӻ˲ˮ䣬Ӧ뵽Լⳡ籩Լȥ֣סԼǳǿĿǣһ۶ˣ߸𣬹طתš
Ȼ̽һĲֻһҶ磬ȥˣô죿
¿˹ҶûȤһ̫ܽӴʼ磬ô֪ôȣȰ
Ȼһϸϸţרõģܽʵ
ҶԣȻԼ߳ɵûܳϣͷԶֽ˫ַ
֮󣬳Ȼͷϵķŵʮָָ⣬УͬʱưĺģעһᣬžȻѹˡ
ҶŴ󾪣˫ֱҲˣ㵥ԾҶҶзʩչ㿪
ŵ£׷Ѿס֣ţҵķ
վסˣͷ
ȻæţżҪֻ¶Ѿ㸹ҲΪץסŵԻҲľˡ
ҲţѾӦ޸Ϊˡ㲻񣡡
Ҷ
Ҷʼ磬˵˼˺֤ܽݣղΣû־䣬ڣÿ˶־䣬ǰӦ鶼¶ȥѴıīֽⶼó
Ҷ¶ʹǰѾѹ͹жӵˡʳ¶û취
¶ȥܿȡֽʣҶ׼ģ˵ﶼ뿪⡣
¶ҶԸ㿪ʼīͬʱֽ̺š
Ҷ˼鷳д»Լ
ݸһЦʱ򻹲ңҲգд
д˻Լ䷢ļ޸Ҷ
ǩֻѺ֮ҶĿڳȻϣûҶڣдˣǩֻѺݸҶҺ͸磬ܹᣬʮŮšҲŮ˰ɣ侹Ȼһζ
ҶٺЦˡ
ţѦϣݺͷ޻ҲдˡȻһ᲻٣ǶЩ͢ڳӵ˵õóġֻʮɫŮֻҪЩ
ҶһµӣЦܹᣬʮɫŮۣ·ˡ
һҪôŮʲô
ҶаЦĸ˻ԼŮ̫ˣȴ˵Ҫ԰࣬ǸˡûǮʱ򣬻ȥ׬Ǯٺٺ١
һ롣
ҶĿϣʣˣʲôô
Ҫ˵˵ˣһᣬʮŮ
ˣҪӦһ£Ӧˣ£Ȼصȥ
ʲô£
ģҶ䡣򣬾ɷ͵ˣٺ٣
գϱɫԹҶ
Ҷʼ磬ôԸ⣿Ҳǿ
ҧҧô֪ںɷ򣿡
ҶﻰˣѾܸļޣûµ׷󣬳ɷ򣬻ʲôȻںɷһһˡرɷǷںԼǷбŮˡҲôĥţû뵽һ˵˶Է˼
ҶûлشֻǵţԸⷢ𣿡
ҶΣŻãҷģҽ㶯䣬ɷͱ͵ˣ
ܺãҶһⲻų书µһŵĶ֣ԷһȣԼûӦԣϾԼܣûѧʲôʵڵ书סԼҲͿԷĺܶˡ
ȻˣǲǿԽ⿪ŵ˫ˣ
а
ԸŽ⿪˫֡ȣҪȻȫڷˣǰĲ죬ɡ
ŵͷû˵Լһ˵ĹͷӺˣżƮѵĴľ飬а壬ţã̵һԵá
ҶǸô죿⣬ٲȻһûСŮӡ
ҶѾ͵͵ϵĵӱָ룬ҵ˷λһָǰǳߡǴΦϷ緫
ܿ죬Φˣϻз磬ȻѾǵǰˡֻԲεģȲúٶȲ̫룬ҲùԭƯ
ϳżƮѴ֮⣬ûбĶõġоͷѾƫˣҶĸ첲ţҡҶˡеʡ
³ߺˮˮǲֱõġҶӴȡʳƷ׼ĸ͵ˮȽϳԣһ˵һʮˣͲˡҶûֻܺһڵˮ԰ɲЩһ˺üڣҶҲû취ֻϣǵϣҵˮ
տʼһһһⳡ籩棬˵ˣΪҶָʾķôãȴûпǵĿɹΨһˮѾ˴ˣҪˮ꣬治֪ô졣鶼
ȥʱͻȻųˣ
ȥȴʲôҶѾԶŨеȷƺжζƺӰȷǵǰ
˽ˣȻһľϣſżŮǣϲػζֱк
ǣƿ
ȻȴÿģǾȾǰɡ
ҲǰͬҪǺŵߺˡ
УǺǵĴСϵˣϵǸʱݺݽӣ
ѦϣݵģҪҶ֣ôˣҲ֮ܽأ
ǣȿ˲ŷ֣ˮﻹвˣֻʮƺǽϵɹǿԽ˵Ǻܴջ
ʱ˸߲ҺеЩˣҲǵţرɫȹֻлʼҲӵеɫԭΪСõûʸ񴩵ģΪܳԵʣʵҲʹá
Ϊ׵ĹȻǸǣĿ׳֮ЦģǱӦôѹǵģӶ԰ɣһҪϣŮһ룬ƺѾǿǰϵ⡣
˶ϱɫﱧҶĸ첲Ұף£
Ҷĸ첲ģڣ
㣿Ц֪˭𣿡
һ⻰ҶʱһЦʲôǰɣ
֮ף׳ϣ
áѦϣĸ书֮ˣϱɫһĳ˵ס
վŵ׳ֵؿһţͻȻЦˣҵ˭أһϳҵţԭţû𣿡
㶼ûͷôǰ棿
׳Ϻһ˵ûϢڻʹʵ϶ȥˣôܵˣŶСǻʼҹ㻤ѰɹܺãС˿ʱźӡˣԼӶ֡ҵЩķϣһ
ﰡľһ˽ҶȻҲ԰ףгѾҶӽ˺Ҳˣû书ߵĳϣնûС
Ǽһϣֵܣշ緫뿪
⻰ȻͣȴѾ׳ˣЦǱˣҵƤ£ߣ
Ҷ̽ͷţţ㡭㲻𣿡
ɫ࣬ȴˣƵ¶һĨ΢ЦģϹͷûɢܣû˶㣡
׳ɫһţ⣡ϲʲô书һڣӻ֣㣬ٺ٣˵һѾˣȶúõģҲȵĶ֣
ޣԻԣ߶ȣ


207 һ
׳ϹЦͷ˶еһߵϼһ˼ҿ㱾£Ҳкһ£
󴬰վһˣЩͣ˫ĿȴŹ⣬˹վڴԵֵɩӣܾòǵ𣿡
ֻ׳ϵʱŻмְӮ¶Էǿߣŵģһֱ˵ͣɬɬ置ϣ
һ⻰ӵ˶ʱϲҰ׵ûһ˿Ѫɫϰ֮ˣҲϲһЩϵ飬֪һλ置ߣǳʹûϣԼȡһվնΪĶ̫ˣ˶Ϊϡ
˵׳书ܸҲԸǶһʹˣȴǷʤο书ҲѾһ֮С
ͬʱԼ书ģһһʹԼһֶˣų˾벻ʲô·
ղҵĴҲǴˣҿû˺ǵԪףһΣҵֻһ㹫ⲻְɣ
׳ϲǿ˵ãŮ湻ˣȥֽšŮҲûʲôȤ
Ц湻ˣǻţ
ģһһСЩ򼡢֮ĶĵĶģ
ǰһУҶŵҪǲеʱһƴңҡҲҪ
׳ȤҶٺ٣ӻֻСˣֻûҵĴӴ
ಣ
һҶķ׳ϵţ
׳˵˸߲ңû뵽Ҷ˵־Ͷ֣ûаףѾǰֻüһͷǽգһѪۣһֻ䣡
׳ϵ̧ĨһգѪܵģ־ŭݺݶҶ㵽˭
һ£ʱȼ˵ϣһ󻶺
ͷϵĽҶȡµˣһͷ㷢ɢ˳ڼͷԳһֲͬĶׯס˷ܵץҶúã
ȻҲ˷ܵһͦСɵظǵ磡͸Ͻߣ
׳Цţ磿ãһὫ㶼ָͷһһҧԵٰ㡭
ƨĻ࣡ҶĻƿվŵ˼ңˣɡͷһһϣ
źܳԾѾҶû˾书ȫƾǿҪԾֻҪ֪ȱݣѰһҲ£Ҫ˵֡ղǰֻǳ䲻͵Ϯֶѡ
ҡҡͷ㱣
ȻҲͷϽվԱߣһ𲢼ϣ
ѦϣҲǰվţսȭͷ¶ȴŵܹܵҶ󲻸ҿ
ȫڴ϶ˣ޻䲻书ҲҶ󷢶
ȻվߣǱȴҶһʵǵҶǰҶߵıӰ磬ǱսСΣ޳ȣһζ
ҶǰһȻƺ㻹ڿҪҵأôҪǰˣ
ȻʵʶĵҶǰû뵽ȴ˼ҿ˼ʱԭ԰׵һƬ죬˭ˣ˺ȥͿˣ
бۿһۣǣ˵ֻǿȴ书ǿеĶ֡
Ȼŵӣ˵ʲô
ŷԼ˵˻ƵģϽ죬һֵ̿ҡû˵ʲô
׳ϺͶ໥һۣЦղҶѾֳǿ˶ľǶԷҲ֪ǹ⻹ǹʧȴ˵˻ѵϸ¶ˣԭ˲书ʱ
ʱˮﻩðһԴ׳ϵģǵĴģ̫Ӳˣã
Ҷ֪ԭԷѾǱˮףǵĴˮ
׳ȴǴϲôã̫ˣҪĴҲϣʰǼСޣ̫ŽңȱöСˡ
ã
ԾһȭȻظѾУ书ǿҲͲڻ¡
ȻĶȴҲֻӲͷƤָ̧񵲡ʱҶ飬
˵䣬ӰζҶѾԽӭŶһȭҲһȭ
Ȼɣ˺󡭡
ȻİɣУȻתͷȥ㿴գգۣȻһǲգʲô˼
˵һ˲䣬ҶѾ϶һȭأϵȥ䵽ԭľϣҶȭͷǰ죬ƣȴ˿ΪȭͷϣȻſһֻĺ֩룡
ЦСӣĺǿϷ򣬱ǴգҲҪϸϴˮ˵գٴڿնȭͷԱŵĿɿڴĲѦϣݡ
Ѿֻ֩Żˣ鲻Խ˺üѾ˴Ե޿ˣҧһţһȭŶͻȥȴǿɨͨͨˮ
ڶɨɶ˵ͬʱȻһ߳нϺ󱳡ҲͷһȣȻСȻ㿪ȴɣѾ̵˶Ϻǰ
Ϸ·󱳳۾ವһѣץס˽ѸһȻȻһĻƻ㣬˷һ´Ҹͬʱһƣж£
ϱһΣתЦøС椣ӣ˵գһ̧ƣ˲䣬Ʊģ˴ĿģһƣȻɫ԰ˡ
ۿ˵ߣһ£һӰײǱ׳һƴɵţ
Ÿ׳϶Կ죬˲㽻ʮУŵ׳Կһ۶ϣڲУһƻɡ
Ȼ⧲ŵ͵һײ˶һˤߡ
ת˲֮䣬ƳһߵҶ֩סѦϣݡɨ뺣УźͳȻڵأûһܿܵġһߣһͿأ
׳ϺͶͬʱЦһ˹׳϶ɫҰ׵Сˣ㻹ʲôʹҪȻ͸ϽѹϷ³лɡ
˵׳ϱе澢Ϯ壬֪͵ϮЩ죬Է˶ѾסѵǿУ
Ҳ룬תһڼµһҲûмܵס
أ
ȭײ׳ϱ˺üֱЩ飬һȴǸղű϶ֹ֩סҶҲ˺ü˴Ե˫˼£ס
ϣֻ֩룬ѾȵϡáűŻˮܵѦϣݺͲ
׳Ϻܾ֪ϵĶ֩סˣû˵Լģô쵽ģ
ҶʵûбסΪһֱź͸Ƕֶܿеס˿ڡû취ƣǰϵĶ붼̲Ҫ˵֩ˡ׳ϺͶϲעʱѾץס֩ˤڵϣһŲˡͬʱɳˮѦϣݺͲˮ
û׳ҶѾסΣȭͷҧгݽеٳһȭ
׳ԭмּɵҶɸղӲһƣǿȴҲˣԼѷ֣οԼղŲִٳ֣ûȫбۿŵһ˫ĿȫǹҶ¶̵ЦҪСŮ棬˴뺣ιˣ飬ʱֻ¸̼
һ̧֣ע˫ۣʱ䣬˫֣һƵ˫׳ĸ첲Ҳ߸߹šЦСӣһȭүүȥɣ

ȭգһ㣬ȭ˿˿ƿռ˺ѣȭͷûеǿĳѾҶͷڷҷɣ
ŵ˫ۣͫھವ״СҶ΢΢죬͵һţȭǰ壬ȭ˺ѶԷƿն룬ӭײԷȭͷ
󣬼ӲϣһǳǳЬӡƮẉ̂
ء
죬羪ף˫ȭӴըɢ
ǣǣǣ
һͷѵĴ죬ҵļдӰ˲ֿ
ҶһӢӲҰֽȻˣҶĶԾûмɫ
ʱĺдһĿŵתȥһ֮£־ϲֻ׳ˤڴߣѪ磬֣ѾһŹǴ̵һ㣬󲿣ѵĹǴ̶Ѫɭɭ̽ͷⲿǴ̴ʹͷѵĹǴȴ͸磬󱳳һֱ֦۶ϣ
һȭ׳ŻѪһ첲ϳأ


208 ͬԧ
ǰҶʾֻڣղһȭѾʩչ߳ɹüֹ߳ɣûܿԷҲǳȻҲѪӿһʱ޷ٴͻ
Ͼˣϵ׳ϣֿҶϯϣһĶ֣Ȼһ󱲣һȭֱ۳أ
г׳ϵİͿѪȻһʱ䶼ˣ벻ҶĹȻ˰ԵղӲӲŶһƻɵ׳ϣȻҶ⸱СȻӣСɵȵŵҶһ˫Ŀǳ羴
ѦϣݵŴÿһԴ˵ģ鲻ԽԼԷֻǰԼѾʶѣĺݾֻ½Լֱϳʮ߰˽Ҳϡƽ顣׳ѪĿֲϱۣеһ䡣
Ҳ㵣ѾҶǿȴ벻Ȼǿ˵زһȭҪԼӲӣֻ½׳һңԼһӲ䣬ΪǱǿû취ڿǱģǱӻԼԼиܺõĽڣñ׳ϵڶ
ǱߣЦˣ°ͣе˼ֻǿһ㣬ǺǿǿȻϷҲͲдˣ˵һϷҪöˣҪСġСҲûãΪ㲻֪ʲôʱᵽϡ
Ҷһ϶ǿϻҧ⬣޴֡䣬ŵֵܣǿƲͣʲôﶾҩˣ
ãǡôʹ
һ˲ʵ
ӵﵽٵǡߴ˵һѨ·ߣҶЦĻûѧѨ֪
ԭ׼ֵģһ⻰Цѧãֻ˰ɣ
ȻվЦֻ˵仰ͻʩչˣŲ
Цһ°ܽ˿ԣãҾڷķ˵գ仰
ͬʱתôϵ˰˵׳תƵϡ
ȻߵҶǰ¡Ҷһ˫ָϽסɲֵ̿㣬Ҫ
Ȼûǣ̽סĵ¶ϻһߣ˵˵һ䣺ߣ
Ҷ򣬵ͷ
ȻֱȻ˼򵥵ƣʩչһУ
⼸Ȼ򵥣ȴƵľȻʦ书һʶȻͬ졣
ҶűȻ˼£ܿͼסʽ
ȻһǣоԼһȫëײͣ𣿡
˷ܵصͷͻȻǰסȻ֫յߡ
Ȼʱһᰡһ벻Ҷ˿̾ȻǵľٶԼδԱߵġ󳷣ҶǵԼͷֻһȴûŲֺš
Ҷ촽ϣϢԣ߾Ҷϸϵһ֣תƵñ
ԭлҪԼȻΪԼϷ̣鲻ԽͷȴÿδǴضԼĸǶȣҶ˵ΪҶ
Ȼͣνͣ
ҶѾǰվһ͵һ㣬ӲٴһǳǳĽӡԱ𣬴һƣ
ӰɣϣǸղųȻһС
ͬʱȻҿ쳷ش
δ䣬ѾץסĴա¶ŵܹܵ׼룬ȴһѳԼ˽ȥûлͷһδ޳Ȼ
Ѧϣݻһȣ¶룬ԼŸ룬޻Ҳ˽ȥȻ࣬ѵδķΣʱ̾Ȼû뵽ҪԼȥܣǶ置ϵҶҪöࡣ
ҶУһ˭ҲָȥԴУŻ͵Ϯܰһѡץڵϵĸ糤ӽ˴Ȼһľϣת˼ս
ҶȻ봬գһԹսȻǣԼһů΢΢һЦ
һЦһֻȫɫҺѾƷȦȥŵæһͷ˿ȥûбС
˫ֲͣɣųһֻһֻĶҲ֪ôĶǴʲôطͬʱһһɸϢĶҶ
ȻϽˮסڱǣͬʱȫĵܶϮõĶΪӹĶҶķˡ
ɫԽԽѿСǿ֮£ƶԸﾹȻ޷ƼȻһתͻȻתֻȻ
ҶһæҪǰȻһ˲䣬һͨѪСߣͻƷֱϣҧһڡ
ŮЩۿ̵ڶ඾ŵóȻʧɫϽʹ˼漴һҽУһʰ쵵СͻƣСɵ˫ϣһںҧ飡
ȻţϵĶڳץסСߣǼ³ɼӵе˿ڴɢԣѸӿȫ࣡
Һģɣ
һƬæסڴ档
ųȻЦϲ㣬ҧģҵֶҩɾȣĿתҶҧߣȻǰȴҲҪС
ҶֵһѳСߣӽֱˣ״ֱۡ
ϹЦСӣ㻹ʲôʹɣ
Ҷɺ죬Ѿ˵ˣһڴϣӣʹس鴤š
ȻѾ־ЩģҶΪ˾Լڷűҧл赹ɵһ˫ĿĵᣬѵһֱҶߣһӱסͷԼСɵ˫䣬³һתͷϣȻһЦְɣ
һͬԧ죡ãүǹܵظȥɣ
Цţ̧֣նסһƴһȳƿ֮׼ȻҶԴͻ£
أ
ϵĶƣеҶȭͷ̽ȭͷ޼᲻ݵľݿһײġ
ǣǣǣǡ
һ죬ϵ⡢ͷιǣͳͳѳƬһ첲ظʱѪɣõȥ֮бѾѪ磡
ͻȻӺڿԾһ޴ĺӰſѪ죬һס˿еĶϣһҧϣֻŴѪߣѾǺӰԽҶͷͨһһĺ棬ˮ
һ˲䣬ҶѾԽͷɶϵĺӰһͷż޳ݵľһСĹ㣡ȫͭǮСźɫâƬ߾޴һ֧У

˿̣Ȼ˫Ҷﻹажļ󣿲ɾϲӣɣ㡭
û¡
Сģ
ȻУӺԾһӰѪҧ˹
ҶӳȻĵ˫п˴ˮо޿סȻ͵һ˿ȥ
ͬʱϴľҵĽȴȥʼ˺ҧˡЩ˶书ѪڵĿǰûκãʱ䣬ѪĽ֫ɣһƬˮȾˣ
ҶǰһĻˣʱһˮԾſѪڳҧҶųȻһ˿ȥڴϣֻһŲ屿׾سǳ˹ǰǰҧţ̶һСǣ·𿴼ζȡ
Ȼ߶Ѿ־ʼЩԺֻʶҶЩİο٣ԼһԼ˵Ļ
ǿգź£˲䣬Ҷɳסľ죡ԴƴζţѷҶſȻѥͲʹ͵ذףһȥذ׺ݺͷֱûһԴпһڣİ׵˴档
Ҷһ۽ǿһӰԾڴĳȻ
Ҷ͵һţڵһڿ켴ҧȻ˲䣬˫ȭƿյХػڿ࣬úɳȥں
ʱԭ˺ҧϵĽ͵ЩƺͬѪ̼һתͷҶʼƼƺ֪ҶֻΧûżŷǿƬ̵
ҶźĿҪһԼĻųȻ˵ͨϣĴľţ쿪ţöŰ
˫ֽץŷۣǴһĨЦ


209 ޺
Ӽ쿪ţûأ
Уҧгݵжпǲһأ
޻ҲҲ氡
ޣǸСܵҵķǰֻȨ֮ƣͷɱпæǾʹˡȿѰͳͳҧǾͿƽƽǵժɹˣ
ӴſǻأҲ氡ﰡ
һԡ
˭Ҳûãǲ򿪲ŵģ
˵仰Ȼδޣ
ǣҵ͸Сȣ˰ҪҲͰˣҪǻţȥҾõ˻飡
㣡Ȼˣڽֵƣ
ˣҲϹӣ˵ǾΪģһҧ
ϣȻſڴ棬ţģ࣬ȴû
ҶҲˣЦδӣתųȻȻĿ⡣
ҶЦЦóɱĿδԸԧ첻ɣүǳΪһͬĿԧ죬ǾүԸˣ
Ȼ紺ˮྻһΣ˲õ΢Цͷ
Ҷǰˤ˽סһֱһֽǱذףҲǻŵĿֻŻĳȻ
Ȼ˫Ľëһ£촽ҡ
Ҷǣԥӡ˳Ȼĺ촽ϡ
ಣ
ԾſѪ
֪ȴҲԸԴСҶȺ紩һ̫СִһˣڣҶ󱳱޴βݺɨУǰˤ棡
һˮ˾ͽΪһȺʳ
ҶЦԽһȻ㸹Ц
ҲҪҸ汳ģ
ˮһö࣬޴ļһСƵġ
Ҷ̧һݺݲıֱû
ʹ͵ǰܳҡڡҶȻųȻ˫Żס壬Ƭ˵룬Ҷ˫˹֮˿󱳡
˦ˣ͵Ǳˮ
Ҷ󾪣˫ѹ㸹ǼǱ俪ʼ죬ҶͻȻͷ·Ȼͻͣ£֪ԿܷЧ
ס촽ϺݳˮлһߣʼǱڳˮ档
ҶϲͷԻﳤȻǳˣȻûлش˫գ˯һ㡣
Ҷ˿̹˲ŪΪͬʱ֣ѾԶңѹѹĶǿ׷ǣ
֪еһͷɲһȺͷĿ
ۿ׷Ҷ󾪣н㸹ǿһζȻˮ꣡ҶϽͳԴǿָˮ档
Խ׷ԽܿѪˣҶ󼱣۵Ľ͵һգһƬεǿʹ͵ǰܣٶһߺܶ࣬ܿͽЩ˦˺档
취ãҶϲȺ׷ϣֹʼʩ˷ΣȻЩ׷ϵĿ˦ûӰһ
˿ϵĵӱָ룬ҵ˷ǿתԴϷɳ۶ȥ
ʱųյͷĳȻϽĺѾޣһ㵭ֻжˡȻ½󣬱㿴Сɵ鿿ϷСգѾڡ
Ҷ˵Ծȱҧˡǰǿǻû֮˿ڡҶĿǻһֱܽûһѪɶģû⣬ǣſڳȻϣס˿ڣ˱
Ȼü΢ƺʹչ˫ҶµһںѪһЦ׵ݶȾɺںɫʹһҪɣжġ
Ҷû˵ֻרڶѪ֮󣬱㿴Сɵ˿ڸԭڵɫ»ָ˰͸ľӨ֮ɫ
ȻҲ˫ԭã»ָ峺Ҷнˮʵɣ㡭жˡ
ҶԼϵһЦֻǷֳȻģҿʼζвһѵԼжˣ
Ŷ
С˵ǶһŶԼǿôŶȴᣬΨһϢУǶɽǵߵҵ˫
룬ϢѾ·
ǣǸоͷԱݺһճ˼άֹͣƵģ̧ͷԶ֮һߣѸٱ¡ݵءɭ֡
ǰߣɹϵɾ
ҶЦЦһ̱˳ȻĻ


һΣһΡ
һ͸Ůݺ١뿴ŮӵòǲôŬϣǿŮӵӡ
缸ȣ
Ҷ˫ۣ죬̵Ҷҡҷš
ɾ
ŬŤͷҿ㿴һŮӣԼ˯һ񾲵ĺӡԼ빲˶Ȩ޼ɵŮȻ
ҶȻˣ˫ϲɬͻȻס죬ǡ
Ҷٶе㲻֪룬Լãͻˡ̽űסĽȻŤŤø
Ҷǣ·صξ
ãȻſĻʶ͵ţɡ
ȻҶ㷢ǲж𣿡
ѾҰѶˣʣһ඾ѾųĶҲ֪ôľͲˣ֪͡۸˼ҡ
Ȼߴͷֻһͷ㷢ɢϡ
ҶûעǾ仰ֻǰĻԼе߶ôˣ
̽飬ֵﴦȻһĪţ֪ʲôɳһ̽ýϢеϣ̧һһֻԼһźɫ
ϽϢصϢԶص˵ĵĺɫҲ˲ʧָԭ
үɣ߶ûųȥȻԼˣ
Ҷѧһ֪⣬֪о綾ôֻĿǰžС
Ȼߴʵ㳤úӢΪʲôҪԼŪǴèӣ
Ҷֳһ̧գȻϻͲʶѾȻ޴ˣϵͲˣ
ǰ˼뿴
ҪǿұĿǾͲˡضģ
ȻϽ̧ͷοģҲĳġ
ǾͺãҶİʣǿأ
ˣɳ̲֮õ󼹱ȫˣܲ
ҶԴһ֪ӦԼж֮־ɥʧʶ
Ҷܣ
Ҳ֪֮͡Ȼߴ˵һ룬û˵ת˻⣬һûտء
ߣȸ˵
ãȻҶҶʼͷۻվȣܿͻָû£İɡ
߳Ƭ֣̲ͷٿͻȻ˶һ֮ԶһƬ޴ڿУ¶ˣȻʱйĺɫҽӿ
ѵһɽδⷶΧ̫һ㡣
Ŀɿڴǰ⾪ĶǵһĻΣҶӦþɹû˵³ߺʲôɽ
ţӦþˡ
ȻҶһۿͷͷո𲻾õӣЩ㵣ԳȻҼǵǴսʱǰôˣѵһ˯һ
ʲôһѾһҹ㲻ǻ˯һֱ
˵ҶͻȻվסˣʳָʾ
ȻϽ죬ϸȻ˵Ҷһֱ书ڼɸҶȣ̫ԶˣɾְĽһҶ
ҶèʾţȻǰǱСһ£͸ŨܵҶ˲Զɳ̲ϵһĻɵöˣ
ֻɳ̲ϣǾ޴ǳɳ̲ϣϵľصѹһʯӦǷֹƿľܳΧ˸ɲѾȼܴ߰˸ֱֳеŮΧţЦ˵Ż
ǵˣϯ׳ϣˣǴľϵЩ͡
ԭҶһȺͷߣβȥҲΪ׳ǽΧˡǵŷ緫ǰʹƮΪ˲ľ׼ﵱ뵽һл𹥣ҪǱƳ߻
ֻ˵ĵ׳ϣҶɵǣ׳߻һһߣ¶֮Ҷ⡣ҲûʲôԼǣҵˡ׼ðգȤ׼֡ﵱ˵ҪѵʱǼڻϿڣߵˣѭӦԼҪ˼ڻϺ濾ˣ


210 ۸
ȻŸҶߵģһۿⳡʱҪУҶۼֿ죬һס죬ϼһ
Ȼǽ֣Ҹ硭氡Ⱦ
Ҷʱ滹гȻ׸糤ԼȻȻûʲôҲģһҲԵӦ
Ҷȵȵȣ롣
ˣȻץ֣
ãţȥ
ȻůӿʲôΣʱ˱ӻԼ˸жأҪһ𣡡
Ҷһ⣬ĴŮȥֻᴹģҳȥǴܣǣ
ȻԼòϲǺΣʲô취𣿡
Ϳźˣǧȥ
ã
Ҷ⿪ԼͷɢţƵԶһô棬תͷȻЦЦʾ¡ȻͻȻ˳ȥһһһָɤӴţ죡ʦȥɹҪժˣ
ҶϵͲѾϴˣָ˱Ŀһͷҷմ˲׳ϵûϳǸǼǸˡ
ҶʦΧЩͶһɵӸ棬Ϊ˵ĵӣᵽɹɴ۾׳ϼɹɹˣɹ
ҶվסˣƺѾܲˣתָԶɽƮ̵ĻɽȺǣڻɽöΪ˴أȥֻ¾ͱˣ
ûҶ˵꣬˵ȸƨŻĹţһҲƵĴ֣Żɽȥ
ۿǶʧ˴ҶżŽȼյĲ߷ɣǴӻͳͲʣְĨ˸è
ʱȻѾ˳Ѿð̣ľģԵֿȴܲס档ϽȼյĲ߷ɣＱ磡ǿȻҺ棬Ѿˣ찡
ոս˼صһ£ľײˡ˳һѾϺƵͨ죬ͣĨûڵҶϲüңһԾ£˽ҶĻصؿ
Ҷ·ûǰڴ˵Щ񶾵Ļ㷢ΪԮ٣ܿˣ
ίŤ֫ţȭظ޵øģҪǲ֪ǰˣһΪҶĻյί
һˣӵѾʧˣðȻϲ̫ˣôյģ
ȻҶ§ο˵ܣȦˣûʻ
ǰڴֻһʱֳȻˣΪڿ죬ٻӰһһЦɵᡣ˿̼Լǰϲ⣬漴ǸҶһҲ֪ôأɵд̳Ҳˣ鵭װûҲǰк
޳ǸѦϣݣȵкȻһΪ㱻Եأ㻹Ű̫ˣ
ȻһᣬͷһþӨϸɳϣֳһǳǳУȻʲôõģ类ҧĺã
⻰۽ּǱ飬µ߰˷֣ʻգһ䣺ˣֻû˻ޣ
°ѳȻŭˣǰ˵ľ黰һĨ˻һҪܣ㲻ǻȥҪ˻𣿸㣡ˣһүү˻ģҲ޸㣡
˵գȻתܣƮĻɽȥ
Ҷֻǲ빫Ȼ﷭Ľ죡ȻԷװģԼҲϷ벻ȴó氮ӵĳȻ˴̳ӡ
ҶȻȥ
ȥûɽңһжɾˣȻؿܽ֡
ãӼæ׷ϣԻһСûɢ׷ˤ˵ϡ
ҶƿҪ׷һץסģֱŤֻ˵˵ѣȥģ
ҶһתɹڻɽϣȥѰȥѰɹȥˣ
ӣҸ滨Уݺһ䣬Ⱦ׷
һſҶҶ¸˵ƵģԾͽ˴֡Ҳæ׷˽ȥ
Ҷ׷֣ٶᵽޣֱܵṦٶҪǿԵͱٶȣѾֻܼľٺˣ磬Ųմء
۾ĴѰţȻȻ
ûгȻٻӰҶļ٣֪СǸʵۣ˵ֻȥɽǿɾͿˡ
ǰһٷĹܳ˴֣ϣǻɽȴұɵĺɫʯûһյһƬ
ҶվסˣĿԶѾܵɽ׳һˣǾϣûзгȻӰĴѰյɽҵɽϣûӰ
ҶԼڵıٶȺţȻܲԼԣȻӦûڴûгԼѾԽˡͷϣԼҪȥң˵ڲݴﲻӦùԼϻɽȥǾ鷳ˡԣҶһ·Ȼһʯ棬ԽһƬտشκζ۵ס
˺һᣬſǳ˴ֱϣһһĿʼСҲңɫ࣬Ϊסȴȥժɹȥˣ
޻ɹǰ˭ںɫ
˵ʲôĿԲɣüŵ÷޻һӣҿЦģǰ˶Ҫ򵹣Ҿ͹һɹǰҲῴһ۵ġ
ߣ˭ϡ㣡粻ֲġ
޻Ǻңҵʫʥ϶޵ġ
Ҫ˱ңˣܱ𣿡
޻䲻书һܵԼ۵ùǺﻹö
ӺѦϣݼͬʱڣԸ˵գ໥һۣӶԷп˵⡣
ҲŲҪЩңһţ㱳ң
ã
һȶˣżа壬ԾٶȣԶˣǸղҪȫܰ˦ں档½ﱳϡһʯԾʵǣ˽棬Ų书ķ޻䣬Ҳϡܿ죬ǵӰͱ˰µС㡣
Ҷʯվһɽֿ˿֣̾˿תɽ˴ֱߣʼţȻȻ
ˣ⣡
ֱһô棬תĳȻôȥ׷ĳѾͷʲô
ҶԾƮƮǰЦЦһѽ뻳
ȻŤ֫ƺҪѣŤ£ֲˣͷӭӵҶǡ̧˫ۣסĲ̰ػš
ãŷֿ
Ȼֵذһۣ֪۸˼ң
۸ˣ
ΪʲôҺˣҪҪ˵ʲôΪɷʲô˵ĴȻȦֺˡ
ҶšѾŪĶͷ楣ǲ˳˵¡
ʲô楣үүǳ࣬ǻʵ۵ľ˾أʵ۶үүģҪ˵һ楣ȻĲ
ʱĳ壬죬壬û˭ֻԽҶ֪ʮ֮޼ɽ֮֡ԣǲңֻܾܻ͸ҵìܡǳȻҪɽֲòȹһͷΪһͬǲүү޼ɣΪнɵ顣
ҶǶһүүǻʵ۵ľ˾ˣǻʵ۵楣һ˲˵һ໥ŵ
ʲôãɷáȻƿҺֻѡһҪôҪôңҾһ򣡡
˵Ҷֶ࣬ŵҪѡҾȥɽڣ˵תɽ
ҶֺֺЦϽ׷ץסԼ§ţҵḶ́ҵȻѡ㣡⻹ʣôݶҪɱңŮôȢ˵ˣҲûȻСƯ
ȻԭѾ¶ϲҸЦݣһ䣬Ưѡ
ģɣҲѡοֻǸͨŮôȵȻСŮأ˵գǵһ¡
ȻЦݣһۣĨˣ˵ġ߰ɣ
ȥ
ɽ
ɹɽϣƭǵġ
֪ҸҲȥˣҵĸΪѰҶðաҵø˵һҲ档
ţ⵹ǣǺãҲȥ


211 е
ҶٲҪߣȻȴԭزҶôˣ
˼߲㣡Ȼ㱳ң
СŮ˵û޵ģҶֻúЦ£ɣ
ȻϲһԾҶĺ󱳣˫ۻʵţоһɽһ̤ʵ
Ȼ޳Բ§ŸоܣҶżʵĻɽңʼ
ȻɣǶˣʵҲø˵˰ɣ
Ҳ˵ҽɣ
Ȼȭһ£ˣﶼʲôˣʲôģʲôȤãʲô飿ȵȵȵȣҪҡ
黧ڰ㣿
˵˵ȻšĶ䡣
ѽһΪȢһСȴû뵽Ǹĸϻ
ðĸϻĸϻҪ㳢
˵գȻСҧļҧһڣҶûʹֻϽѽúã˵˵𣿡
˵
ҶͷֱһǣȻĲܸʵԸһ㣬ǾҼףǴ󸻴壬ֻͨͨСϰա
ʲôֻҪ׾ͺãҪ󸻴ǻףүүһ仰ˡ뵱ʲô٣˵գֻҪ̫ߵģҶүү㡣
ҶЦŴĹٶͬҲϲ԰Ȼ崿СŮҲףҲѹ֣˭˼һȨ㳯Ұүүأ
Ҷһйӣ˰æ٣ʲôϢ˵ˣҶԵȤҲ󣬻ĺƯңڡ
Ҷ˵ʵԭָôڴıû뷨ˣЦĸϻʲôʱԼ˶֪ھУ󸻴ʲôζڽʫ椺ȾңڡﲢûпԼıĿҲ֪Լݡ
ȻС죬Ҳ밡ֻǣүүҵǿ϶׼ġ˵ˣҪ٣и棬үүҵҲӦ׵ġ㻹õ١Ȳ˵˵ɣֵܽ𣿵ﶼʲôģʦ˭ôôǿ㵱Ƕɵģ
ȻвѵĿԣЩⶼܸ㡣ĸʱ䡣ҾͿԸһС
Űı֮ģԣҶʱϴһ㸻ԣԼܰⳡѣǾͿ˵ʵˣҪȻԶ磬ǾȲҪ˵ʵĺá
ܳȻүүȨ޼ɣҶţıļһ϶ԼһԲΪŮϲԼŹһ˱һ֡
Ȼһ£ΪʲôҪĸ£
Ҷ˵ˣвѵĿԣҪҵŮˣͲʶģ𣿡ҶСˣȻԺӲù
ҶһӲȻˣԹŶһſϣСֲҿΣŵǡһˣһؾǣҲ뿪㡣
УҶȻһҪ죬˵ˣĸ£ʱһġǳʱڳĺĺ𣿡
Ȼ۾һϲãԭʰ̫ˣ
Ǳع۵䣬ȻȻҶ뱩¶ԼݣϹġҾô˼
Ϲܱôãһ飡䣬Ȼ޻һֱڼʫĲˣҵɣ
ҶϽ˵ûЦûУ
ţðɡҪӦңĸ֮棬Ҫ״͸ҡò
š˵ɣ
˵ӦȻֿʼš䡣
ҶֻõͷúãҾ˰ɣ
һ·˵Ц֪ɽ
ɽ˶ǰɫˣԶһ޴ĻɽڣοԵжദðҵĺɫҽðȻɽ建ʣɽ̳ɺɫˡ
λɽڲһ峺׵ĺˮˮ治ȴûһ㲨ƣŮľӣܵӳϵĶơ
ҶĿȻôԶǿˣм䣬һС泤˸ɫľһòľ߳һأȻžſźСĻͨĹӣ²Ӳԣǳҫۣ
кеѵǾǴ˵еת컯ɹ
ǣԼҲ̫ˣһָȻָɹڵĵط
ɽںߣվżʮˣУǣ⻹׳ϵˣûж֣໥عţʱ֮ǰκͬˣɹǰ߽⣬еֻǾ裬ʱ̵طɱԽԷҶˡ
˾ǣ¶ŹȴվڶԷһߡ
ȻҶļ򣬶Ȼ㱧ûУ
ҶҪأ
͸ҪȢңأ
Ҷͷ㻹û޸ңҪˣԺһôҿɲȢһҵˣ
ҶһףȻˣҶ˵ҲǣŴŮ򳪸棬Ϊ޸٣Ӷʼ޵߸֮һ˸ֺֹΪ˭Ҳǲ֮⣬ŮӣصģԽǴ˼ҹٻӵܣԽ
ǳȻֲֻǹ㣬ֻ˼
Ҷ£§ڻŵС죬ǰϣٿϮǽȥʱ˵ĻҲˣ˾飬ףǷǳϷˣЩǼٵģĿĵġӦ֪ʵⲢϲңֻҡ˵ˣ˵ʵĻԣֻ»װװӦֻ֪ˣ⣬֪𣿡
ŶȻͷЩίȦˡ
ҶššСǰҲȣִȻүү楽㣬һˣ˺˭Ҳÿ
ðɣ׵ġ㡭
֪Ҳֵ̫ģ𣿡
ţ
߰ɣ
Ҷǰ棬Ȼţ磡
Ӵ˿ضǰļͣʱ׼ƴɱõĽϽͷȥ㿴ҶͳȻŻбϲãû°ɣ
û£ɹ𣿡
ǣɹɹȻ
Ҷ߽Щˣ㿴λǰ׼ǰߺһܸоɢְ
ȻСзˣεشȫ¡ʵȻĽСഺ㣬ûǻȲ¶ֻʣȴ˲ܱģ˾ñһζ
ȻȴҲ˫һ̰գһ죬Ŀû뿪϶Ավŵ¶˭
¶æķеĻгȻ೤޼ɵŮǸ߸ˣ׸硣
ҵﰡˮ顣¶Сһѣ֫ѾСˣɱģһ֣رСβĿ϶ʵ˵¶Բβһѣ¶εһƺܵӣҶͷƤ顣ѲǸ˿
˫Ҷϣϻڵģ˹˭
˵ɣǳǿϺ׳϶Ǳ˵ġ
ԭѾĿ⣬»صҶϣͷ˵ϲĶȷɣϴһϴý㿴ǲ˧
Ӧú˧ġ¶Цţر棬ӦúбǮģҵʱ򣬶˼Сأ
ȻתͷݺݸҶһۡ
ҶҡͷϽ⣬λǰȤСˣ취Ͻǵηɹɣ
һֱû˵˿̲СһɹסҶεεܵȥˣĴѰŻŵģ˵ץסҶֱԼԲʵ˫֮ȥ
ǾħģһԺԲԣϸ֫ͦɵԲΣ˳𱬵ߣرǶԺ飬˳мĿĽ㣬޲óȥŵˮʡƺҶΪְַĿ⽹㴦ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ҪˡݺݶҶ
׳ǰҲ׹ⶢҶٺ٣ۣûںϣãˣ
Ц׳ϣ˼СһƲ𣿡
Ӵˣʵ书Ҳ֪һЩõ
ͻ˺㣡
׳һ£ķҪΪСӳͷ
ΪͷҪǿ¶˵бǮɼϹһ˵áϲ


212 ħͷ
ҶһƤ񣬸ϽǰȤˡ׳ϣҲ֣ñ̵
׳бۿ˿ߺٺЦɽͶķڣ˭ָܵɹ
ȻһҶˣħͷҲˣ
ħͷ
ţǰ˳ɽ𣬼ơ𡯣Ⱥħ֮ף书ʥܵС˳ơķСơķС书Ҳǳǿûе֡
ҶЦˣܵУһܣ֪˭
ȻȴûЦɫ檳ȺرǺķУвŮŮ˶Ҫܶĵģ
ͺķ໥һۣͷ޵СﵹҲʶ㲩㰮öһ
Ȼûܲζʦ书µһȻ㲩
Ŷϳǿ书µһƤҲ̫һɣȻԼԼôһţҲЦ˴
ķҲǣԾҵһȹڶѣ˵ˣɫȻµ˵һȥһܲɣĿӳҿûڼʲô书µһ
ŭʦţִӮģɲԷġ
ִ᣿ЦˣķпЦţҸϼһﶼûμӣƾʲôţƾʲôµһ
ȻЦλǰʦҲΪƽ֮ڣԵŸЩûвλǰдţǰʦȹǣдеһʱ㲻ҲԼ𣿡
ʲô䣬·ͺ¿Ҫ˵ˡҲʲô취
Ȼ𣺡ǰʦ˵ԼսɽҹһţҲˣ𣿡
С֪ͦడȻϹͽܣǺãңڴ£ɺã
ķеȿϵģ
ȻһλλǰȴڳǺεʦֻ֪ҲӦ
֪ΣķпЦţˣһɣ
Ȼͨ죬Ҫ˵ҶѾһѽһߣȻЩ
ͺķϵЦ˿ƺѾֻĿԺķеСӣ湻˽ңҪɽѩۣܷ֮˪֮ȴˣ
ķеǸѾζԸˣҪʳ˺ȫٰں̲ϱɹȻ١
Ҷʼ磬ƨĻ࣡Ҫʹ򣬲͹
Цƾ㣬ñ֡ķУ㲻ϲ˹ɸ£ǷСˣȻεǵһʱỹ벻ǵİ취
Ҷһôǵתͷ棬ú沢ˮҲûмôҪεǵ
ѵʲôŹ֣
Ҷ˵ɹû˻ȡֻ²Ϊ³ߺϵľ˻пֲĿ̽ܿˮʲôֲ赲ЧҪȻֱȶôĺˮǲ赲ǵǵժɹġ
ķмϲ˵ˣٶ֣ɣɣǳ޼ɵŮңǻȹ㡣֮󽻻ˣˣŻУҲϲˣңŪ˾ô
㵽ƣ죬ֻһŮˣ˻һˡ
ϲЩˣҲԸ㰡ķЦš
룬ռ˶࣬˴ȷ档
ʰ⼸˵
˵ŷս飬ƺҶѾǰϵһ㡣
һԵ׳λҸСЩڣҪȽˡ
׳ߵҶǰɫԿһ͹µεعһˮҶСӣһᣬС˸һ꣬ǵĶԹһʹһҲˣٻ㡣ҲԿ
ķЦ̵ģɫҲ⣿ˣ
Ǻһڣҷڣ룡
λߣ书ǿǲǶ֣ԺϵɹҲûָˣܲǿһ˰ɣ⼸ŮзݣǲҲָһ
⻰õʮ͵Ӧһ
ɨһۣӮҵĵӣ⡣
䣬ͬʱӺ߳׳ĸ죬Ψһͬģôǿ׳ܴţƵģ̴վǰ˫翴ǡ
ڶ཭Ͷ˵ˣǻˣڼĶ֡׳϶Թ˵档
ŵתߵҶǰɫԶֶݺҶСӣƾôӣԹķȥıƣλСӣʦչ˺ˣϽС߹
Ҷ˿ƺܾŵߵֻҳΪʸ֮ģҰԸǣֱ˵ҪôѾġ
һ˫Ŀգһ£ĽëƵȶţһаӣôΪðաһͶˣøǻ
˵գҭתߡҶ̾һסڻ˳һѣˣԸǣ
Ҷ־ȻǻŮᱡһһð׳ָҶιιſĳ֣£ӹ£ûУ
Ҷſ˫磬俴ǣǼڹ˭ĵӣ
Ϊһ׳ԴЩ·ΪԺŴĴָĵӣҽС
һ׳ӦȽϿ죺ʦ֣ڹأ
ʲô׳С۾Բˣ´һҶڹꣿ
ǡҶ΢Цҡͷڹ꣡
Ũüһӵ̵ģӻ㡭
ҪһһٷѾǰһ˱ͬײһǽϣʱվסȥϱɫʲô
ǺķеĴӣ±ȭЦЦǼʦеˣǻʦɲˡ£ץС˰ɡ㣬ɱϸƤ⡣֮󣬼ʦҪõġ
˵գ´һҶЦԱ߳Ȼ°书µһĺķеĴӡóҲܹλ˹֣ȻɱŶ
Ȼ۱紵ҵ޷˭˭һأ˵յҶܶԷʲôֻҽƸԺǣҪܣӲӲ
ЦڲẒ̫̌˵
Ը㹻ˡ
һԵĲڹվɫǼȻ֪õݣҶҪó֪ˣֻ֮Ҳ޶֮أ
һ뿪ˣҲͲ֪ˡ
ƨĻ࣬ǲ򣿡Ҷ˫磬书ܳԿ뷨ȻһطҲУֱӶԺ䣬ӲӲһֱڵȶԷ֣ҪȻԸֱһȭȥˡ
ҶʦķеʦҪɱСӵʱ򣬽𣿵Ҫʹ޵ｫϣ
ãʱ
ҶָŰ죬ЦҵĵһȭҪŲţ
ţҾ͵ſǰⲽȻӰһΣһĺڴ󺺵סʦ֣ԣ
վģǺķеĵԬڡ
üһĵ书ԼһЩԴľһЩǳԿԷǵͷãһ㣬ѵ
İɣʦ֣ܽԺԹԵźʦ
˵գԬǰҶƮЦ㲻Ҫɣ˭
ȭգǰٻһߣȭӻȦкصƿ֮һִݿƣҶȥ
ķеӼʦԬһͻ֪λʦֶŭһȭУֻĲݿҲʣ¼ˡ
ķüͷһ壬ɲҪһûˣ˧ҲȤҪֹҶĶ֪ԼǶࡣ
ҶƤ̧̧ڶԷȭͷײԼǰʱವһ£ץסȭͷԬڵȭͷҲ޷ǰݳһ磬Ҳ޷أһ㶨ҶƿС
ٶ̫̫СھСӴȭ㵱ڼ书µһĺķеĵӣҶҡͷʡ


213 Ͼ
ķеڵӶɵˣλĵԬڣѾǺнĳһ֣ЩŴɵţҲֵúȥ벻ھȻ˼ұ͵һǮֵ汻ץסȭͷá
վںİǺЦһ£ϵЦݽӲˣһ˫ĿҲгһ죬Ҷ
ſӣ
Ԭڿţ̧ϥǣ͵ײҶС
ҶҲ룬ͬϥǣˣײ˶ԷϥϡӲӲԬڲҽ˰ͣסȭ˰;ͻȻವһ£һļ⵶
͵ϮֿΡְ㣬սĽͲ˴Ϊܡ
أǺɭɭļ⵶Ҷһץס꣬⵶۶ϣһӣԬڵұϣͬʱҶץסԷȭͻȻſ͵ľײԬڵϡ
ۣ
ԬڵɣʮŴѪɫݣŷĶϱۺѪĴ䡣˶ӣߵķݣ˺棡
ɳȻһɶ೤סԬڵСȣճ˻һϱۣȴͨһ峺ĺ档
ֱ۷·͹ðỤ̋ˮ·ֻƬ̹еƤ⣬ͬɭɭĹͷȫˮɣʣ
ˮȻгǿʴԣ
Ǹϵߣ׳ϵˣԻ̽ˮ˿̣ϱɫԽҸղûóȻˮҪȻˮֻºܿͻϺü߰׹ǣ
ۿĵˣķƤûգһ£űųȭƵҶϵЦӲãܺãֶιݣϲٿȥֻ᲻ɱˡ
׾һĨ⣬һֱʦ谮ȹܽһԼλã
вŮŮ֣һͦ˧ҶĿó˿˶ͻȻʧֻ»ȥסҶаĽ
ȴǺεȥסҶıСڣʲô£
Ұſ£Ͳô˵ˡ
һƾ㣿ѵҲ
뿴˭ǰҶ㻹е㱾£ֶУе˼ûʸ
ǰ˵ǰһ㻹ʸġ
𣿡˫гһ죬ҶҪڻشͬʱͻȻһҶĲ
͵Ϯʲôڹɾ֪͵Ϯ𣿡ҶһͬʱЦ
һʵ飬ҶһУӰɣĳʮơ
ҶóȻ̵İ취ҲܶԷʲôԼֻĹȥԷĹҲͲơȻӰûܹȦ֮ڡ
ķñУ
һ⻰Ȼ˶ɫɷףҲ֪ǵİΣȫҶˣҶֻǿ书ȴôһԷñУҶΣˡ
ҶҲ֪ɽ֪ôӦȻͷ⡣
ڰȡ˳׼ʱŵԾҶǰķУ㵱Ҫ͢ΪҪҴƴһֻҲûв֮أ
ķЦЩˣôҸ͢ΪУΪ̫ΪɹôѹǵĴǲ㸹ǶҪǵˣǷ
ҶһۣҲȷԣ飬ԼҲ֮ܺһʱԼʵԷĴ޷ѹ飬ֻԼѾںˡᵽ飬ĿҲ
ˣίرסҶĸ첲˵鲻ҵ£ҵʱָ֪ӱʿҦУξģѾڷУǵˣҪȻһݺݴҲῳͷģ
ҶȻ֪ǼٻҲֻܰļٻ졣ԺķеѾˣɱҲûʲôôǷΪ͢׷ɱĶ˫ãβһ£ǸһЩ⳥԰ɣ
ﵱԶԣ⳥ǣҪǮԣ
Цǵ˵ɣҪǵȴҪǮֲҪ̸ҲУˣǰҪǵӹˣڣҲҪǵҪӹˣǾͶԳǷΣ
Ҷλǰ˶ڣǰҪú̸
ķеھû̸ʸСҪˣ㣬ҲҪˡҪǹԹԵٳԿ࣬ҪȻǻܣ
Ҷ۽Ĵɨһ£ԼҪǱųȻߣôߡͷոѾЦˣôӣӵȥ˵Ṧδܳǣ㳬ˣı߶ǺˮѵˮȥѾɳ̲ϣƶ𣿡
ҶҲ֪Է˵ʵֻΨһõľǰǿѾǳɳ̲ϣӦ˳֮ɳ̲ϵġ԰صбƵµĺǣȴ޷ƶɳ̲ԣûг·ġ
ҶЦʵ˵ҲΪУ¶Ϳ֪ǵʱĴҲǱǵĴѹ˵ģԣҸһҲܺˣҲǵĴѹ¡԰¶
¶ϽͷԶԣģʱһѾҪءˮϮҪˣǺĲǣһġ
ķкɫԻ͡
Ҷתͷһ۳ȻֵͷԺķеұǲΪеģֻǣɫջңҰæҲųֵġ
ȻҰף۵ĺ촽ţָҶ㣡˵ʲô
˵ȥˣ۵һ
Ҷʱѱ䣬ˣŭָҶΪô˵ǾͻŹ㣿
Ҳŭû㿴ɱǣǺ³͢׷ɱһŹ㣬Ҳɱڵģ
Ҷɣô཭ͶˣĪǶҪɱڣǵҲˣѵҲҪɱڣ
һЩͻҪλϹڶӶϱɫɰĿˡ
ķкһۣЦˣɱǣΪڣҲΪ˳жǻؿƿģֵܣҪǲٰǣҲؿƿҿ㲻
ҶϲͳȻԲˣޱͬٸԷɣˣο޶ء
Ȼ޵øҲ£Ҷ䣺ǲ
Ҷһ䳶ϣûа취ҺǻҪ
˵ţŰӣķУЦллλǰҼǣؿƿ
ƵƵͷܺãˣڻʲôҪôԹԵҪô
ȻһĨҧгݵɣƴƣ
ӵҲվһʽ׼Ѫսסȴ㣬һֱ㵽ŵ
ķпһվԼߵҶͶиͶ״ˣȥԭϱץеĻ̫Ŷɱˣǵ
Ȼʹ˻кţģ˺ˣ
ҶɫЩΣû᳤ȻԺķе˵ˣǸţģҿɲĶ֡
ʲôڣ
Ǻ¡ҶһһİҪȻðְĳҺˡ
ķеͷתͷ԰ĳȽһ¡
ҶͻȻ֣ߵ£Ϣһƻķеĺģ
ķȴ·𱳺۾Ҷ͵Ϯһתһƣͬʱƿ磬һѿסҶţ
ԴӴԽôμܣҶûбԷһסԷĶԼҪ죬ʽ쳣ҶӦͱסˣʱҰ嶼ľˡķЦСӣͶİϷƭСƭ𣿡
Ҷ󾪣ȭһŶԷĿڻȥһȭҲǽߵ˼£ŵƿ֮ľ
飡
һȭҲķץסҶܵԷƵľ޴ǯԼȭͷҲð֡
Ȼ˾ˣףҶղǼͶʵԱ͵ϮȻ֪֮ǼǲۿҶס˳Ҫȥȣȴסˡ
ЦżСˣˣǻмʦǻú۰ġ
޳Ȼһ񹦣ȫһƴĴ򷨣书Ȱǿƴʱæң·硣
ӵ֪ʱ̵ˣһҧҲȥķеĵסսЩ˵Ҳؽأûгսһһһʱѷѽ⡣
ҶֶֻķסűʩһƬ벻ഩԽȻһϱ̬


214 תǬ
Ҷ߶ԷȫȻʩչƿڴĲвŮţӵʲôҲԼӣ˭ϲ㣿˭ϴľǹڵϣӿһǧͷҲָӿһۣҪϱ̬ӣû
ķԭЦúܿˣüû˵ڵͬʱķವطſ֣һΣҶСﴦЦûûҪ㳣ûζ
˵գ͵ع
ķǳĹ죬öԷܿյľأ·ѹ⣬׷Ůܡ
ӿ룬Ǻķ֣ԼѾԼĿƣȻ罭Ӿһ㣬ӿԴԴϳŶԷӿȥ
ķŵһɷףþȫͬʱһŽҶߵõɳȥ棡
ҶŭʱѾ԰תԼƫ˫޹ĿľǼŭķУ֣ԱȡԷȻķгˣֻΪҶűס޷˫޹ӵ£ķеĹ̫ǿȻס˶ԷǻǱǿлˡһһţһŻǽгǿʴԵĺˮ
Ҫȥ˹ͷɶӶûˣ
ķеʱҲ鼱֮£ûѡλû뵽ȴҶ棬ְգһĵг衣
ҶĺˮʱɷףסĽһ
ۿǿʴ֮Ȼεѣ˺ѷεغţһеת棬ҪС
վס
ߴҶľǿʴĺˮӦ÷ĲҽУȻ͸ʣҶˮ˫ֲˮУˮһֱ⣡
ԭҶˮĵطߣˮ˫ִǵǹ˿ڣ˿û뵽ܵǿʴĺˮ
Ȼϲӣ죡
Ҷ߻˰ߣ˱Ҷǿʴĺˮȴûˣһʱͣ
ķм龰۾һҪ˵Ȼƺһһˤ
ߵĵӿķԭһ绨һ˿һʱһʦôˣ
ҡжˣСӣķҧгݶҶ㾹Ȼö
ҶҲ֣Լʲôʱ¶ˣһˡԭҶﳤȻԼжڵĶԼĵﴦķиղĵϢҶ飬벻Ҷȡ֮£ķȫسϢ벻ȴҶĶڣжˡ置ϵĶķĳֶԵ
ķбжһѾˣڿŭһ£̵ˡָצżľ磬ץҶš
Ҷϰڰߣ޴ˣҽź󳷰벽šһȣӭϣ飡˫ײһ
ķвҽһб㵹ɳȥڵϣ̧һһŽ۵֣Ѿʴ֥һ㣬ðỤ̋򣬸ղҶ˫϶Ǻˮˮгǿĸʴԣϵĺˮûиɣ˫ƣķеֱ㱻Ҷϵǿʴĺˮմϣ㱻ʴˡ
ķҲ룬ʶǰ·ϲһ¡ֲҽһԭ˶ˣʵ·Ѿʴһѩ׵ѩɽһڻ
ˮĸʴȻңÿ˶оһ䡣
ķصıԼòͽ벻Ϊһֻ֣Ѿʴ¶ɭɭָǡһֻԲ壬ͬڻѩ壬嶼ˣѪܵһĿġ
ķмֱεѣٳڵĶѾɢס޷ţɱ࣡
ڵҶǿֲĺˮԼʦֲִܲУټһҪ
ۿЩֳֵȹҶЦˣԳȻ˿
ȻҲܺǺˮմԼϽ˿ҶתӺһˮվЩֵĵǣ΢΢һЦһ˳ȥ

ûܶ㿪ĵӣˮϵ壬ʴòҽСȥҲʴֻűʴĵطóһµĿ빥ĵӣˮܵԴϣ­Ǳʴ
ӣķеĵǣĵǣԶԶض˿ȥеѾ˵ҶѾӵ׼ˡ
ķҲڱƶãͶһһż̧Զ
˴ϲ벻ķ̣Ϊˣ벻ҶȻǿʴĺˮתս֡ܵҶߣǾмԶվסˡ˫ĿڣҶϲ̫ˣ벻ȱ£
ȻеҶ㡭û°ɣ
Ҷϴ˿͸ɫģԿ˶ΪֺˮҶ˫֣һ£Ӧû¡
Ȼϲ̵ͷԲ𣬸ղҡˡ
ӵҲŵͷǸضҶЦš
ƺȻûעղųȻҲƺҶΪһЦ˵Ȼ㲻ˮǸϽǵɹժңҪ׸ʥϺҽģ˴󹦣ʥϺͽһģ
Ҷֻд˿ڵ˫ֲºˮλմϣһӶˡû˵ǹµͺķǻھժɹˣһ뿪ˮҾͲǵĶˣر֡ǲǰժɹȥ𣿡
ӵ˶ͷǡһʧô취Щ˶ɱˣҪöװһЩˮ׷ô
Ҷ⵽Ǹ⣬ʲôװأ
ӵԿˮܸʴʲôǾʲôװ
˶˵áǣʼԡʼȥķеĵµĵˮð̣ģƬ̵ͱʴˡ
ţǰ߼еĶˣûһܿˮĸʴת˲ͱʴʣ

ԶιģǴںߴһǲףô
ҶðҸղž˵ˣ̸еĺãȻԺҲӹٸ׷ɱ˵գǴô̸
ˣ㲻ºˮϵʹժˣƽ֡ŮˣҲһһҪɧҿǸȻأˡˣҪ©ϢҰɱˣҪǲɱҲνô
ſǻҶҪҰˣһ˵ţѾ¡
պݶֶεŮˣҶֲòȣϾ̫ǿˣҶûеԿڳǶڣԼߣᴫĶ֮ҲûԼ֮
ԣҶܵ¶΢ЦģҲ۸ġ
ΪЦϲл
ǵ˵ǱѾˣȵȻҪǾͰѳŮҺˡǻҲδɡ
ȻҶĽ΢Ц
Ҷ΢΢һЦҶܴӦŮҶҪ¡ǣе㶼˺ǰᣬû
ҶŮ㶼Ҫδθ̫𣿡
Ҷǰԩ˽ⲻ˽ĵҶǶǳ͢ˣҲһˣǻʵ谮極ãȻǵʵ۵׾˾˳޼ɵŮһǲȻǰвԵĵطǣĻеκһˣɽԶֻҲ޷ӻ㣡ԣβʹ˰֣ҵǵժɹ˫ƽˣʹ˫һЦΣ
û˵һֱĥ
Ҷ֪һֺαأǰдûбҪЩƽϰɣŮˣݣʲôŮҲŮúܣֺαطҪأ԰ɣ
ڵǺðɡҿԲҪǣɹҵöһһɹҽһˣͿԡ
ҶŸɹĸ
û
Ｑаҽ˵ˣŸҪûȥģ
ҶЦҪĴڣʲô˵ڣܴħͷĸѾˣ
ͷ˿ţҲ˵ûħͷֻ̫ˣԺǵĻ
̾һǺðɡ
ҶԣǱôˣܴ𣿡


215 ǵ
ĿȺɨȺ¶˿־Цݣǰġ
Ŀ˺ķеϣأķУҵĻܴܲ㣿
置ϵĶȻķһˣֺصĸʴѾֹͣѪͣش˿ʳԭ˵书ǲ£ںķо綾ͬʱˣⲻĶ֣һû˵
תͷҶǶҵ鶼û顣
ҶǺãõɹ֮󣬱뺣ٲֻܻǲŷġ
ЦȻ˵Ҳߣô˼ǵĴѾûˣңֻܶԸϵķ˻ˮĿֻܽһˡ⵺ϻкܶһҾǡûɣ
û⡣
˵ˣϽȥժɹɣ
Ҷ˿Լ˫ۣ˫ϵ˿ûκ⣬ԷġҪߣͻȻҪˣǹץסǣвɹô죿Ҫ㻹Ǵһǵɣ
ҶһݣȷǸ⣬ȻΪǰҲ֪˵㲻㻰ܲһתԳӵ˵ǵһ޺Ҫˮ
룬㲻ǲºˮ𣿻۲ʲôתһ룬ˮԣĺˮ̫ˡҲʣ˵һĲ޺ϱһǳȻ
Ҷ˦˫۵ĺˮ·ûиʴŷɳȻץסһҶϣ߹Ȼ˫۳˫磬Ź۲档
ֵ޺ļɣҶԭǲģƥеĻ֧ţǰóṦĻǵָ㣬һоͱüˡ
ϸ֮Ҷ֣ǳӺˮɫжϳˮȣҵ˸ղԼĺˮɫ򣬲ȷɫǳһ·μסŷݡ
ҶͳȻһǵ
˳ȻһۣȻͲȥ˰ɣǲץġ
ҶȻһȥǴѵĶ󣬶ˣûȤģԲ¡
˵ȻҪҶϵˣҶոǵľݣǴжҪչˣܣ
ȻбһۣûҪߵҶߣĸ첲ɣߣ
ҶŶŮߣԶŮһҪŹȥ㲻书ҵ˫䣬ҵ˫ȣȵȻṦܺãվҵ˫ϣҿĺˮҪɫģҲǺˮǳĵطָǰ𣿡
Ů֪ΪʲôҪȡƣתһ룬־ÿ⣬ΪȻŮӣǱϾǳˣֱţҲñҲȵ䣬Ǿ͸ڵһˡ
ֳһƬ죬ߴҶѽ滵ˣ
Ҷûа취ֻͣڨЦ
ȻȴȻˣûбֳ
ҶֵһᣬǲҪҶɲǿЦģҪˮУմˮһ취ûУҲûõġ𣿡
ףһΣŮԹԵصͷأȷܿЦ
ҶڰߵڳȻİ£Ҷ˫֮䡣Ȼ󣬳ȻԾϣҶ˫˫ϣһ߲һֻ
ȻŮϣҶûа߸оں˼Ȧоȹ֮ŰԼѾȷ·ˮ
˫ֽǿʴĺˮһΣҶ죬Ǹо˫һȵĸоɵǰԼˮ֮ܿϰˣʱ̣ܶ˿ܵǿʴĺˮݵʱĻͲֵ֪ܼܲסˡǣӿнٶȡ
Ϊǵͷģ޷۲棬ֻܸԼǰ۲סĴ·λǰߣܿ죬վڶϵĳȻͼȵȣɣǰˣǰɫˣң
ҶǰԤƵнм·ԼǰĹҶԥذճȻָǰı˷
ΪҶԤȵĹ۲·ߣϳȻٳָ㣬ҶнٶȺܿ졣
ոһ룬Ų㿪ʼŤΣһ½ĦҶ˷ӦȴȻƵģоʲôŸǲͣŲβһĲλҶܲˣһҪˮȥٲҪҶ
ȴ˫ȣŤѰһλãͬʱεε˼Ųûйϵұס˫ŵģȥġ
ҶҲ֪˭˭װɵС׳
ôźãȻ˵һ䣺㣬ܣ
Ҷ벻崿ĳȻֱ˵˵ĻǾȣҲǣҲֱֻ˵ֹͣ⼫Σյĺͣһ̣ͶһΣա
ڷӦˣʱ˺ʯһڵ˾Ͳģ˵գҲҶ
ҶһǰС˷ӦȴһʱͣģȻˣܽӴƵġҶΪԼǰİŸеڡ
ڣǳɹϵСԾ£ͷһԼǰĵط߸߹𣬱ߵúϼ졣
ҶתŶŮߣ
˿̵Ŀ⣬Ѿ˲Զߴɹ˵ɹϣûҶĻ˵꣬Ѿɱǰȥˡ
ȻȴûжҶɣô
û¡ҶﲻһɹܣоЩԾϽϽȥ
ȻȴҪһ𣡡
Ѿ֣ڣȻ˵û˹˼ɡ
ҶͷԼһůɹ޴ջǰ˵жθոսٵĿء
Ҷ뱧һ£ϵˮûиɣҲֻܱһЦ
԰ιֵܣϽȥժɹɹӹϾ뿪ʱҲ٣
书ǿĿ񣬿üȥֿһɹ̲ס˳
Ȼߣ˶԰һۣҪܣ
Ҷֵ㻹ǸϽȥҵ̰ģҪǰеɹˣô죿
ģȻ˵ˣɹ˭ҲܳԣҪûȥʥϣʥϾ˭ԳԵġ
Ҷҡͷô˵ܵġ
ͻȻµĵҡһ¡⧲ˤɵ԰Ҷ𡢺ķеˣҲǻζһ£ٹģѾˤ˵ϡ
ô£Ȼʡ
ǲǵˣҶаԽп࣬ǻɽڣҪǵҽֻʬ޴棡
ͻȻȻУɣ죡
ҶûлͷѾӳȻǼȾֵп˼ȵΣգǰһԾвͷ۽ǿƽĺˮѾһں棬ӿһɹɰɫ۽ʹúѸѾԼղռĵطҪǳȻʱѣԼ˫Ѿˣ
ʲôʲô۽ͳ۽̵ģҶݺšոڳȻߣһξ𶯣ܵĻλɽɽ¿ʼ̮޴ʯ԰ҡҡλζء
ſͷԣܣһץŲ书ķ޻䣬Ծһ㣬ɽڻɽȥѦϣݽţȴãźĵɺˮǷǳ죬ֻתŷɱ
治ͣ𶯣ɽϾʯһ䣬һЩ书ĽͣǱʯУǱǵĺˮ׷ϣҽڷ
ȻǰͻȻŻˣվﲻ֪롣Ҷֲȥץܣǿɹȥ
ȻŷӦҶž޴ɹȥ
ǣСʵֻǸ߳ƽأˮֵҰһ׷ǡĵطľ;ѣ׷׵£ܿ챻ڵǿʴĺˮɣܿʧӰ١
ȻͻȻ磬תۿɵվں߿ˮѾûĽˣһһÿ׮һ
Ҷ˫մǿʴĺˮûа취ȥۿǺˮ׷ϵصĳȻɳסֱۣһԶɹ
͵Ƭ̣ˮѾĽ£ڿԾߵһôϣǴȴѾˮɣҶ档
ԶȻ˻
УҶ̧ۣ˳Ȼɹһ֦һ˫ĿǾ


216 ɹζ
ಣ
ѾʼڻֱˮѾ󲿷˦ˣʴٶȱҶϽջطòסһûûбˮûڼʱ򣬵ٴڿշڽľ׷㵹֮У˳Ȼͷϵһ֦ϡ
ۿȻϲҲߣһеؽס
ҶϽչ˫ֱۣϵĺˮճϣＱСģȻСıҵ֣
ȻʱΣգһҲҶ˫۾ţ滹ˮΣǲҶ
ҶͷˮǵòĸպһߵС𣬺ˮûеľðŷڵʼǣǣڼûСʱֹͣˡ
ҶһܣѾһƬڵǾһˮƵģԶԶȥܿվԶɽϣڶš
ǣڵİܿڸסеĳֻʣ°Ǳ֮С
Ҷ̧ͷֻһϣһֱɣһץһͨɹǷؾ׽ţѾȥһˣ۾ǰһɹһεӡ
Ҷסˣ
ȻҲһĻһ㣡׸ʥϵģˣô
ʣµСɹĻһȥժǰǸѾץסɹҪժʱ򣬱ȻһץסҲá
ŭſң
ȻҲŭǸʥϵģ
ҷҪҵɹſ
ȻѾѻ˵ƣȻҲ˲ñˣüʲôķûȢ㣡㼸ҪɱɣɲȢĶŮˣѾɶ֮Լˣ
ͷ˿ڿǵҶݺݶԳȻǶʲôԼѾӦҪȢңںϣǶѾˣѾ˻ԼﻹʲôԼУҲֻС檣ſң
㣡Ȼɷף˵ҪȢҵģǶˣأ׹ûУ
ҶȻȻ鶼˵ˣɿЦ
һЦսϣѾҵˣ𣿡
ҪɣֻץסѣȻҧ촽˵ˣɳ̲ϣɡ
˺ˣһ亹Ҷ̲סǵĻڻվ˵ЩʲôϽ취ô뿪ɣ
ʲôվǰ˫ֻɹĶûʶֻ˿ɹֱڣŷѾĿȫǣǷڵĺˮǰããڵˮɵþô£ʲôˣ
ʶҶȻһץסкˮСģ
ų׻عǰķǿµƺظʱһͷ亹
Ҷһ߲ͣ˦˫ۣϣֱϵĺˮɣһ߽ŵؿܷڵĺˮ
Ｑ£챳ˮɹȥɣҺ°
Ȼúݺ˦֣ˣˮлɽҽˮѾˣȥܻ𣿡
Ǻ£ؿô죿ҡǻᱻɽģҰ
Ҷޣⲻ취𣿡
ժһ֦ӽĺˮ͹ţһᣬʧӰˡ
ɹ֦һ޷ǿʴĺˮο滹гȵĻɽҽѾѺˮˣһˮûа취ɡ
Ҷڴִ֦ϥ£ԼĻһЩûа취̫ˣûйϵ۽ѾûðˣȺˮȴˣǾͿ취ɹȥ
ɣͳȻҲƽǵԱ¡
ɹǳľ޴󣬴ִϥҶֱϵĺˮڸɺˣԼ·ԣѾûκθʴԣŷĵذͳȻ§˿̣˶أŮҲûٶ죬ԹԵҶĻ໥§˭Ҳ˵
һᣬȻȰ
Ǵ˿൱ǷڵĺˮȵϵӿȻȵܡ
ҶҲȵòˣȥһ㣬Զһ㣬ȽϺá
һֱ쵽ˣȻСˣȻǺȣѾϿˡֻСܶ࣬Ѿûа취ϥڸպ֦ϱһŲһҲܲš
Ѿܵ뿪˺棬ǣܲסʱѬԹһָ֮еˡ
Ҷ·ˣŰӣ¶ǿĵǵıͽʵš
һ£ҲʼҶȹڱǳȵ죬ǴĶ٣ȹѹ֮󣬱ֻʣˡ
ȻѾȵ㺹ܣֱˮ̳ƵġûѡҶıһ¿ˮԳȻҪҲ£ұ۾ǡ
Ȼںͷ˵һ䣺ǶҲر۵ġ
ȥȹҲֻʣˡҶбۿ˿ŮĽķǳǻ𣬶ȻǺиζ
ŤͷԼͨʲôôȣҲ취ҪһӾͺˡ
ףҶ֦һԲȦԼ·˺һ飬棬ͳһˣȸһѸ˳ȻŮȷ磬ԺùһЩ
콥ȥܵŨŨİҲ˺ҹ
ȻҶɣҡҺÿʡеˡ
ҲҲڿʣ취ҵˮȰҺÿʰ
ҶεкˮǲܺȡҪͺˡ
ɹưһ¿ˮҪժһɹ԰ɣɹˮݣܽʣܱ
У
У
ҶͳȻͬʱ˵Ҷ˵УȻȴ˵СҶҪʶʲôɹĴ˵͵һˮ˵ԣȻҪɹȥ͸ʵۣȻͬ⡣Ȼô˵ҶҲͲˣ˵ǻ˰ɣ̣Ͼˡ
ﲻ书Լ书֮õɹֻѵ촽š
ǣϲûһҲǣ춼ŨŨİˡ
ʵѾһɹӦñҶǿģΪûϰ书ͼԶԶҶǲ
ҹˣＸ˵ԼڿʣˣɹǳȻҶֲͬ⡣㷢ƢҲûá
ＢͣȻ٣ȴ޷˯ǳȻ§Ҷĸ첲˯ˡ
Ҷɲ˯Լһ˯ˣȻ书ûйϵﲻ书һȥǿɾͲˡţһֱ˵ڶ
ȻǱڿʿģĴˮȣÿһˮǸɺԵģ󱻿ѹˡ
֮һ仰ǣÿʡ
Ҳ˵ÿʡҪö࣬ԼʵĵȻȲϳȻѾˮ֢״ˡ
ˣҶܣڣããһƬɾٿ棬ðݵķڵĺˮƺûκθı䣡
ҶͷһȥֻҪ⡣
ֵ磬ѾҶţҡҪˡҳһɹɣˡ
ҶԼҲͣѾǺΣˣٲˮֻ֣»ݿ˵ġԳȻҪÿ˳һɹʡ׸Ҳˡ㿴첻ˣ
ͰųȻһ
ȻԼԭ۵ӣҲѾøѣҡҡͷУǸϵģ
ͻȻʥҽ۰ҽˣҽ۰ˣҪ֪ҿˣһҳԵģھҪԣ˭ң˭ǿּһȥýʥϣľ壡
˵ţת֦ʼһСɹȥﲻͣвţץɹʱ˲ժһҧ£
ȻȥȴҶסˣˣڱҪҪǵûˣЩɹҲԼɵʹȥȹǰɣ㣬ҲѾʵòˣҲժǳԡ
ǡ
ҶѾԾɵժɹһݸȻһһҧ£ʱ㣬̩ͨһɹ˸ɾ
ʱȫɢͬʱоԼڵϢת÷ǳĻãͷԽԽǿƺһֲտƵ󣬱µĴ⴦ϥ˹Ϣ
ֻ˫޹תһ飬ʧˡͬʱоԼĻƺǰǿܶࡣ
Ҷϲǣе置ϵ綾ȻѾӰˣ
ɹȻȻҽξ綾̫ˣҶ˵üҪ㵸


217 Σ
ȻɹûԣҶɣôˣ
ҶЦɹҽξ綾е置ϵ綾ѾȫʧˣԣȻҽ߶˵ɹЩЧҪǳˣ˵ഺפأ
𣿡ȻϲؿɹഺפǿÿһŮĿջʵ̫ǿˣҲԣֻҪǣȻ˲ñģɹ
ͻȻԱߴʵҽҪ֪ҲˣһҳɹǣһǳԵģΪʲôҲˣ
Ȼûͣҧһڣ׽ţʵҲҵĹøүүǳ࣬Ļʵ۶Ҫүүң֪һ߻ʵۣûʵҳԵġԣҵȻԳԣ
ɫһ䣬ֶҶȻҵķҪ׸ʵ۵ģ㲻Ӧóԡ
ҶЦˣҲԣҪǿˣˣа취ɹۻĺˮԣһȥֻҲȥ
ԻͣҲǲԣҪǱĶȫˣҲûʲôҲһۡǸʵۺҽģҪǳˣʲôǣ书ôãһʱǲģš
ҶѾСƤʮ˴ʺһ顣ȴЦģѾˣô죿
̾һˣʱҾ͸˵ԵġңҵϣӦò̫ġ
Ȼһ˭ɣҾ͸үүǻʵҲУ
ҶͷһݣӳȻ̬ȣ޼ڳǺεȵİԵˣʵ۵Ӷһ㣬Ů֪
һ䣬һתͷֻˣǶٳԣȻûа취ʵ۽
ô˵ģΥģȴԼ
һɹֻ֧ģ˵죬˼֮Сرû书ûа취ܵĺˮɻǷţȻˮµİɫѾʧˣˮɳȡʴû˿ı仯
ǰ󣬳ȻΪͬٳԣְʵ˵˭ǿּһΣȻûóѡ
ֿా죬ڻҶĻȻԼҲѾֲ˶ˡ
ҶһֱŰһ§ųȻ̾һǾ仰ȱҪ
Ȼֹûа취סܺõҶ
Ҷժһɹ˷ųԡ˵գժһɹֳ꣬Ȼȴֲúԡ˭֪ôȱҪ
֮Уؽգûа취ԼԡҶһɹš֭
˹֭ܿˣǰɹҲ֪һ˹ھ׽
ҶͳȻҲ԰Լһɹˡ
ҶСɹֳˣұǰĸǿңϽϥֻתһ飬ʧĻһԵǿ
һΣȻҲֵֻͬԶûҶǿңҲѧҶϥ˹ҲǸо彡ˡ
һûָǳɹ̧ͷĸɹ
ҶԳȻһɹܼ죬ֻʣĸɹˣҲֻܼġ󣬲ǿǶҪˮܻǵþ취뿪ﰡ
ȻЦҪ뿪뿪ˣõȵڣ
Ҷ룬һ취֪ܲС
Ȼϲʲô취
Ҷժһ֦ӵˮ֦䵽͹·һᣬ㱻ʴۻʧˡ
Ҷ㿴𣿡
ȻͷҶʲô
Ҷɹ֦ȻҲᱻǿʴĺˮۻǣ㷢ûУɹ֦ڻٶȣҪһЩ
ţ˼ǣ
֪ʲôԭ򣬺ˮ˺ܶ࣬ҹڵˮѾдˡҶߵɣǳҪǰ֦ȥ׮ˮУʴܻ֮ǰɹˮǰɹ
Ȼ۾һϲ԰ôû뵽˵ָֻ꣬˰ûиӾӣûУοľ
ҶԼѥͲǰذףһѡ
Ȼ̲סЦˣôСһѵӣҪ²ܰǿûʱôð
ҶĻᣬһ£ܱԴеĺá
ǵҲǡãǾͿʼɣЩ֦㸺׮ո˵Ȼһ飬ǣ׮ô󣬾㷥ˣҲûа취طˮУһˮҺϣǿɾͲˣ
ҶЦˣѾˣһһ棬ľͷڷϣľ֮ٴ
أ
ҶЦЦˣҲˮġǷˮˮһ£ⲻġģ
ʵҶ˫֣λһĺǿʴĺˮǣһ󿳵ľͬʱҪľƣ;Ҫɻ߳ŴҪȻͣںϣһᱻոʴɥû˵ΣԣֻǲóȻġðգϣԼĶܰԼɹѹء
ȻȻΪ棬ͷãץʱ䣡
Ȼ򵥰˵ļƻ˷˵⣡ҶһǡȻתͷװûп
ҶذȻ࣬ɹֲôӲǱϾ̫Сˣ֡ԺܷѾ˴Ĺ򣬲ںһܲ˵ĿľȻſʼɡ
ʱѾˡ
ɱһվŵĵطĸһλûбˮûҶźˮĳȣҹʼذ׿޴Ҫ˲ܺϱɡ
һͨڶһʱ䣬еһ롣
˴հҶѾһҹ۵ȫҪɢˡʵڼֲȥˣ֦ҵϢһᣬ磬ͿԿˡ
ȻúϢذ׿Щִ⡣
ǰȻ˫ֻһЩȽϸС֦޴֦ȴûа취ϣֻܵҶϢʱذ
ȻӹҶذףʼЩִ⡣طذ쳣ķֻ̫СˣԿִܷѾ
һʱڰеһˡҶʱϢҲָ
վԳȻɣ
ȻѾ۵㺹죬ĨһѶͷϵĺˮذ׵ݸҶ΢΢һЦۡ
ҶӹذףҪͻȻҡϽץסɡ濴æµ⧲һˤ
Ҷæֽסŵɷס
Ȼץסɣ㿴ˮ˴ˣɡȥ𣡵ıˮ
ҶѾΣգɳסϱ֦ƮƮڿնһ֦ϡȻҲȥ
Ǹոշ룬һ˾ĵϣð˰̣͵Ŀֲ졣ɣÿӿݵˡ
˺һֹͣڵĺˮȴûлָƽһ㡣ҶͻȻֺˮɫЩԾһְɫˮķڱǰɽҽҽӺðٴǣɹɣ
ҶãɻᱻˮʴϵġǸϽȥ֦ҪȻ֦ŵˮʯ޷ƶˡ
ȴͷɹժɹ
ȻԾɵժĸɹǰµװ
ңң
Ȼԥһ£ҶæſһɹݸϽһɹϵ䣬ȻȴҶҰ㣡
ֻһѵӣҶɵʼ֦ȥӰѶ
ȻĺˮѾˣҶɣһҪСģ˵գľá
Ҷþȫעذϣɿиšڣһжˡ
ʼиһǣˮʼʴɵÿ֪ˮѾɡûпϵ֦кüٶҲҪһʱλѾһ뱻пľʴϵٶȻܿ졣Ҷ֪ˣԴתţŸôӦԡ
Ϊкü֦ûпϣһˮЩ֦ͻסˮ׶޷ƶɴɺѾˣںոտϵǸ֦ϣ֦Ҳ˺ϱôִ󣬻Ϊͧã


218 ˷
ҶĴѶŮ˳ѾøոտϵǸ֦ɹȥǿȥ
Ůһ֮£ҲǰĽȻץסԾ£ϡҶȫһСɣȥɵŴˣɹһţµ֦Ȼʼǰƶ
ţǵĴԽԽСˣ
ǿʴĺˮڿٵʴǵ֦ڿٱСȻԽԽխ϶ŷڵĺˮɽˮҶҲһСıܿˮһŴǣϵŴݵ֦ҲһһڵرʴԽԽ̡
϶ǰɫ԰֪԰жԶҶļ٣ȫŴɵ֦ײǴнܳҶĳŸԽԽ̣Ѿ޷ŵˮˡ
ʱǿòɹںȻˣصں棬֦ס˺ףɵһбţ¶档ɵʱγɵĲˣһ˽һ˳ǵɣγһǰǰƳǰһξ룬Ȼٴͣ¡
ҶŬ뿴İ߻жԶǳ˰ʲô
ȻɣҪˣˣô죿
ǽµɣΪˮĸʴѾС˺ܶ࣬վ棬£ɿʼתճкˮһ淭תǵ˫Žᱻˮʴ
Ѿͷ
ҶһᣬˣҰϰ
粽ߵǰˣһɳסȻþȫһӽ˿еİȻС
Ҷۿݺˮһ漴ת£˲ȻǱߵķӦջطס˦
ڿмţֽ衣
ʱӰдȻϲӵɣڰˡǸոյϣҪȫУ
ˣ֦תҶջط˵ͷǰضϵĳŸˣתܣȻþʱӳİ֦Ÿˣż֦Ͻһ㣬ٴ
УҶ˳ȻվڰߣſСҶԾȲϷסӳڿУ밶߻Ѿþڵĺ棡
ҶȻɳȻѾ˰ߣżץסһҶǰ˳ɹȻ˺̲ϣڵϴһ
Ȼһ˹סӵһ𣬲Ըſ
ߴｿ
ҶͳȻϽֿվԱߣСҲҪ
Ҷվû˵Ѿ˹סҶһǡҶΣ˳ȻһۣװûѾǰˣŶ˵ߣΣգҪ˫һˮһԸãҵ˵㻰
ϽſҶ˫˺ˮ첽ɽԶŮԶԶĸңһͷԣܣ˺ߣǾͲˡ
ܲһֱں߰
ԣһҪֻܰĸɹǣ˵ɹڵбˮûˣֻĸɹȫ
ɹУĸɹҪʵۺҽġȻô
ʲôȱҪ뿪ˮǾûסԷİ취ˡ

ҶΪĺˮй¶Ҫʱ䡣
˻ɽԿɽҵĿտɽ£ɽµĴ֡ǣһ˶ûУе˶֪ȥ
ҶܣӰιѾɹժˣ
ͳȻҲǣǽ˰죬Ҳûκλش
Ҷȥߣǲǻڡ
Ů˵áһ·ɽ֣˺ɳ̲ϣȻڣͣںɳ̲ϡʱҶĺˮѾ¶⣬ҲѾɺˡ
ǸϽ߰ɣ뿪
ȻҸ绹ô죿Ҫҵǰûûа취뿪ġ
ùܣǻȥˣǾǡ˵ţҶϽƵɣǻȥ
ҶҲ뿪ЩΪУҶûȤǣ˵ЩˡǳȻֱ磬ڳˮûҶƾһ֮ûа취ƶɳ̲Ҫ֣Ҫȳˮǡ
ǣܵ𣬻ǱԼ˵ĺķУҪǣûǿʴĺˮûа취ȡʤʱҪȻǿɾͲˡ
ȻһҶɣұҵҸ硣ң𣿡
ҶƬ̣ͷǺðɣȥǡǣһûкˮˣûп̵ĶֻĵңҪǷ֣õʱ鷳
֮˳ɳֵ̲ıԵߣҪǷǣԶء
ǣǻһʱСɳ̲һߣȴûκη֡Ȼ켱ˣҪѰҡҶֻôӦˡ
֣һҶŶŮСǰߣһ߲Ŷ
ͻȻİַǳ΢ƿ֮һֱ
ͻͷһĽѾǰҶѾܣ̧֣һ㣬Ƶʺ

ǱɻΣû۶ϡҶϵ˿ڣɹصסһͬʱҶҲ͵ϮˣȻǺķеĴӰ
ûҶнһķӦƳצָ⾹ȻģſֲĹץҶš
ҶȭͷգȭӿγһɫľѸţšȭ
أ
ȭצײһ𡣶ߴָѵУɳȥзݴԣѸһȥʧ
ȻѾ˰ָ⣬µǿ϶жҶӲӲƣŵʧɫӵߣץס֣ôûУж
ҶѾϵɫ綾Ҳ˶ԷͫеĿֲɫСӻǹ죬ѵҲʲôƣͷ˿ֻûκκۼѾܹ置ϵ綾ҲںϵĶοƻ͵ǹ˿ףӲӲĸԷƴƵԭ
ŵرҶĸ첲£
ҶҲһëȻĸоΪ˰˫ûϢ䣬ǰİɫԵȫһ
ѵ⼸죬ʲôֵ飿
ҶŰȥĴ֣еһֺ⣬ವġ
ҶԳȻǰҪСıҪҷġ
ãİɣ
ȴҶĸ첲ҲҪҪ㱣ң
ڱ㰡ǿһ֣ұҪӦа
ȻǰղҿɷӦ죬ҪȻɣ
ҶЦҲһĺ£Ҫܸо󳤽ƿֻ֮¾ͲˡСǼǰߣһΣȻҶֹǰٱ͵Ϯ
һᣬվסˣͰͶҶҶˡ
ҶǰǿӡҰʲôģԴտ
ûл𰡣
ɽϲӦÿȡ𰡡
Σյģ
ܱǿ
ǰԵɹڣѾûʲôоˣ־öӹСҶҲҵԵġ
ĵϵﻹǲ٣һᣬǾͿһͷҰ
ͷҰԶԶûϴެ߾ϮҶǸô׳˶Ҳ͸һС࣬ǣȾܡҶ˦ס˻šĲӡ
ܺ£Ҷ󲻸ҿ
ҶߣɽһЩ֦ɽȥտߺԶ˵ܿĸǡ
Ůʾͬ⡣˴ӵϼһЩ֦ɽϡ
ո˼վסˣε˵ˣ㱳ɽò
Ҷ˳ȻһۣǰɽǳȻҶŵģһΣȴȻװûԹߡ
ҶҲۣڵ˶ڰ˵û͵ϮǡҪǱ㣬ҪǵͻȻ֣ǿɾͲˣ˵ˣһŲأ
ղŵİ͵ϮҲ£룬ֻ͵ͷðɡ
Ҷ⻰Ȼվסˣعͷԭ˪һ˿ѾͬһҶһ֪ۡҶںһŮϣɵ飬տɽϣ˵͵ϮҲǺѵģҰǸǽˣҰҲͶʮȫ߱ϵšڲɽȻǲԼǰеĴûܣɼҶԼȶá


219 
ҶĲ˹ԳȻɽ𡣡
ɽ˻ɽڣҶ˵ţԼһȥһСĻɽҴȼ˻ѣȻ󣬳ذף˼ҰĴ⣬֦տ
һ˹ȥһ֪տտֻܳԺͣɡ
Ҷֵ벻⽿εεãȻտ
Ȼó⿣رտÿڻʹԺտƳģɣпڸˣ
ǲǳտţӻһСƿӣ֮˱ǣһЩ棬ʱ磬ҶͳȻͣ̿ˮ
ܿ죬ˡ
֮˶ˣ
Ҷ̾ǲûѣ
˵ͻȻҶһͣסˣ˶治Զʯϣվһ׳һѹͷϻаɫѪҲ֪ǿ˻ǿҰޡҶϳǼǰں߸һһ͡Ӧòߺķеĵӡ˿̣һ˫С۾ضǡ
һϽҶ󡣳ȻʽҶȴ˺üԶ
ȻһȻ׳һ˫۾ŵģǻϵҰ⣬ǡ
ۿ˿׳Ծ㵽˻ѱߣץҰҲ̡̲
ιǵĶкҲһ
ͻȻҶǣ㵽һ޴ĻðĻɽʯ棬Сģһˣ
˳ҶĿ⣬ȻҲɽһˣɽҶϳˣǱԼƵʦԬڡԬڵұѾҶϣǱܵٶȻˣϻɽȻҲǳҰȥ
׳תﺬǿҰ⣬ųԬڡ
ԬЦɱҶ֣
׳ЦҪΪ˭ˣӾͲ£ֵ
Ԭڵ㵱ȻẦ£ΪǲẦµģȥɣ
ʣµֻ̧һɹɵȭͷԭѾǳ׳ʵֱۣ˿̸Ǳһ֣һļģһĽһĸ첲ϡһ̵ֲЦͫС

Ԭһ壬ڿն𣬰һȭͷŴ̶Х׳
׳ҲһȣйͷӭԬڵļͷ
ǣ
صĹͷݺݵԬڵ硣Ȼûܣ׳ֵĿУԬ˶ȭͷѾصش׳ؿڡ
׳ֻһΣſ֡
ꡭ
ѵ׳Ľʯ׳صͷȥֻµʯѿһ϶ѵһ졣
˵ˣҲ㣬ƴűҿһһȭûаӰ졭׳Цţ¶˰ɭɭݡ
ԬûϻǱͷץһҰ⣬Ǵ
׳ǰߣ߳һͻȻһ죬һѪѵ࣬Ԭڵĺ󱳣ûǡ
׳浹£ڴڵѪѵӿȳ鴤˼£Ҳˡ
Ԭûп׳ʬ壬һ߾׽ţһߺظɣĶʲôҪɱ𣿡
ȻһҪվȴҶһץסˣɽһɽʯŬŬ졣Ȼ̧һֻʯվһˣȴǺķУ
ѾĿȫѾǸտʼʱǸ׿Խòٸˣһ˹ˣǰѾóһһֵֻƤѾȫˣֻʣµһֻɭɭơ
ķгӣҶһģԼķ书ԼǶ֣ҪǱˣֻµ͵Ͻְͷ˵͡
ķȴƺûע⵽ǣȥԬڿһϽǰʩ񣺡ʦ㰡
ķûǣҲûпϵĸֵߵǰһҰ⣬˺ų
Ԭ˹ıӰͻȻ¶һص΢Ц͵һ̤棬ԱһԾǶǱͷѾдѪϢķеĺԣ
Ҷ۾ֱˣСӾȻ͵ϮʦѵҶ֣֪ĹԼ磬Ҳ͸ǺķеĶ֡Ȼ͵Ϯ£Ǿˡ
һûƿ֮ǣķƺԳ۾һ㣬ڹͷʱͻȻһһߡ

ͷкķԭȶŵĵʯһǡ
ķлûתͷԬڣƺû͵ϮҰ⡣
͵Ϯʧ֣ԬҪɽߡڿУķӰ㶯ˣͳԬڵֻ׹ϢصԬڵĺġ
ӣ
ѪɽֻɭɭƣѾԬڵţǰ͸ɵʺ졣
ಣ
ʺƿٴԬڵϽ߬ŵģȻһѪܵࡣԬҽûзѾʬʯһ׹˺ڻɫʯɽϣһ˴ĿĵѪۡ
ķлص˻ԣ߬İ׹ƣֱ쵽˻ϣʼտȻȻŵûʧɫҶ󲻸ٿ
úݶֶΣһӻɽڴţһԴʯð˳
һҶĶ˵ס
ķзɿƳһۣͬ䣺ϹɱҵĵӣҲߣ
أֻ̾һ£ţ֮ݶĵӣ㰮ɱɱġ⼸ɱôЩӣҺʱɱˡ
ԼҲûɱӰҵĵӡķ
ٺ٣˵ңҲûɱҵĵӡ˭Ҳ˵˭
Ҷľû뵽ڵϵ⼸죬־ȻɱңɱԷĵӣɱԼĵӣҲֹһô£
ߵԣҸһҲǱζտչġһҳ𣿡
ԲԼãķһ¶ȣҰ⡣
Цˣ֣ȥûϵҰ⡣۾ȴźķС
أ
˼ͬʱ֣ȭƺݺײʱ䣬ϵҰⱻĴɢ𵹷ɳȥüվȡķȴǱһƨ˵ϣɫҰסȴ͸⡣
ؿԼƣĴȻһȦɫһԸѸٵشĳ౼ӿ
㣡ôж𾪿״
ķеϵɫŨˣȴЦúܻ置ϵľ綾ﳷʱ򣬽Ҳյһֱûа취綾綾Ѿʼġʱ޶࣬﷢֣԰ֶתܴƣȻٶģϹһ䣬ҲįˡԣǰҪɱһֱûʩչֶΣҪԣڣȻˡ
˼˫ĿȻƶ
״ķЦøǵ⣺Ѿˣⶾ뾡취Ʋֱ𣿡
𻺻³һһ취԰Ѷ
ķЦһʲô취
ɹһһɹҲжɽٹκνѶܶɹⶾҲˡҵģõɹ
ķе˵ѾСˣǰǴɽڶǻɽ֮УǾûˮҲһᱻǺ
Ц˰ɣƭ˭أΪҲ֪ĶǾʯ棬ƭߣȻɹΣ
ҶһԭСѾ֪Ƕʯ棡ϽץͳȻҪǿʴĺ߱ȥһѾǰЦǡ
ûҶ⻹һӵߣǼǾһϣûˡֻվס
ķվ˹һ˿ʧЦҪ㲻жֻãڣҲжˣҪʤһɱңǲܵˣֻҪǶ֣һʱȻ
𻺻˼˵Ҫڶɹƽ֣ڵĶˣ
ǣķжݺݶҶСӣϽɹóһȫʬҪȻҪʬΣͷ֮ޣ
ＱǾĸɹĶѾˮˣĸɹǸʵۺҽģǸʵһǾ壡
ҶЦôô棬ҪǺ³͢ǰͲҪץȥˡ
ҶͻȻתֶ֣һɹڵĹ˵û书书֣ҲӲһС
ʲôңɹᣬŭҪȴȻһסƥ
ʱվסˣȷɹֵɽ˭˭ΪħͷĿꡣҶţ书ܸߣ˵ܱס


220 ɱ
Ҷ˫ֱһɹλҪǶ֣ϻٵĸɹĸ
ͺķлһۣɹңɣ
Ҷǿ˵õģժɹһ룬뿪ǰô˵㻰
һʲôʱ˵㻰ˣֻǴδ֮˶ķˣкӳ֡ɹңұ֤ǵİȫ
ƨķнŴ˻ϺģЩһɱˣ˭ĵɱˣҪǰɹһɱ㣬ǿСŮȻҲɱѾжˣɹңҳ֮ǵһʹﻹƽô
ķһ㣬ͻȻǰ˳ǰɭɭץҶɹͬʱҲˣͬҲҶĸɹ
ҶһΣܿ˫צĸɹȴһ˺ķе
ķ벻ҶȻɹԼϲ֮£һץסתһɽ·ȥ
վסţ׷ȥ˵ǳһĸ֣֮죬ֱ˿ֻܸܵӰɿʧ˴
㣡ˣΪʲôɹǣŭָҶ
ҶľͷԴҪǲǣܴùмκһ𣿰ɹеһǾͻɱǲӵɹȣ˭Ҫ
Ҳܣź촽ҰɹһҪȻý߻ʵۣɱ㣡
ıɱ׷򰡣Ҷøϻת߰ɣ뿪
ȻӦҸģôܾأ
ҶЦħͷˣǲæɹǻǸϽ߰ɣҪȻ۷˭ˣ
Ȼ֪˵ʵۿתҸ
ʮа˾Ѿħͷɱˣû˵⼸ɱ˺ܶǵĵӶɱҪ˵ˣгǲֻɱ֮죿ˣ߰ɣٲߣˣ
Ѿˣָ֣ҶͳȻתͷȥֻʮθˣкķкĵӣҲĽ͡Ҷǣһţɹɹ
ҶԳȻ죡ܣҶϺ󣡡
ȻܣҶں澯䣬ܵߵʱЩҲλɽڣҶǡ
ҶԳȻ㱣Ըǣ
˵գմڵǿʴĺˮָЩͣĹ
ҶΪԼһп϶ã벻ʮ;Ȼû˿ͣ˼ɷһ㳯
ҶһϺȣƣƷźˮЩĺǡЩһҽͷϡϡϵȴǿʴĺˮۻһ
ͷҪλˮģܿ쵹²ûбҪģȴɷһȭһҶкмȴǳȻǡ
Ҷ󾪣˲˵УȳȻҪת˹ȥӲӲǿץסԷĵץӽȭ⼸ת˲䣬ʮͶҶ¡
ղ̫ҶǲԸɱ˵ģԭֻúˮǣ֣ЩѹвţȺһҪ˺ȻǣҶò֣ǿʴˮİ£ɹʮ͡
ŵϵʬ壬ɱ˵֮ҶԻЩôɶ˻һ񣿸Ͳ
Щ˳ץǣȻҲŵùǺҶһˮߣȥ뿪
֮󣬶ŮҲٵΣգûзϻҶϻɽ۲û֮󣬸Ͻɽ֡
ǰߣͻȻҶվסˣ˶һôϣŵļסȻϲҸǵ·ô
ɻ󣬺ȻһϤǰﴫģǵҪǻɹң
Ȼǰ͵Ϯߵİ
ҶĿһɨ֪ԷʲôطҪ˵ȴ˵ˣĸɹķˣûˣĶˮɹСҲܲġ
ҶúشԵСһƣѵϸ˵ˣ˼һ˽ʵ˵ǻɹˡҪǰǵ˽ǣҿ԰ɹ㡣Σ
ΣȰɹңٸȥǣ
ﻹҪ˵Ȼ˵ʲôµĻϽס죬Ӧ
Ҷһ˵ţһ߱˭֪˵ǲʵ飿Щˣ˵Ӧ˵ǰɹժˣǾߣȴҪɱǡô㣿ԻҼˣٸɹ
УȽɹҪȻ
ո˵ҪȻûв˵㿴ҶվԼǰһҪ֣㿴ҶŵĺˮµĹζһҲҶֵؿҶ
Ҷͷʶ࣬ȥЩѣ
ҧҧϸݣҿԸ㣬Ҫɹң
ڻнʸ𣿡ҶЦ
ҶΣŵãҴȥ
ҶҪˣٿ죬Ҳûĺˮ죡ֻҪһϣҸҴģһӣ
ûпǰţҶȻں档
һɽǾ棬ʦסˣǴǽɹġ
ȻϽߵɽڣе磡磡𣿡
ɽ׳ӵСã棡Ǳסˣ
ҶӺͻȻһţаĺԣһŷǳζͻȻӦ㱻Уʱڵأȥ
ҶԳȻҾ䣬Ƚȥûе٣ȷûٽȥˣ
ã
ҶǺˮСĵɽߡĿȻɽߺܰǿɽһСӡѦϣݡ޻仹ǼţøƵģڵϣǣûбˣҲûзڡ
Ҷɽ˿𣿡
ӵкЩķеĵӣǲ֪ôģͻȻ໥ɱķɱ˺üĶˣֻʣǸ
ǿʴĺˮԵõģûа취ǣȻǽ
úãлֵܣӼػش
Ǻ䣺ҪСģ㲻ǺķеĶ֣ʱ
Ҷɹȥˡֻûջ
ϲҵɹˣ
ǰķˡȻ˵Ⱦǣ˵գҶתɽ
ɽڵĳȻѾ˵˽ȥɰ
˳ҶԶԶģ֪̫ˣҿ
ŵĻԲѵİͻȻǰݺһŲԴϣʱԭѣԽѪĽ
ҶüҪ˵ѦϣݺͲŰʬݺͲȣ书ķ޻䶼ߣ
ﾪһתȥҿѪȵһĻȻѾˣǸﰡ
ֹͣȴͻȻ֣ץסѾεԴ͵һšԴѣȻݺݽԴɽϣʱһϣİ׵Ϳɽڡ
Ҷа⣬Щôôѵݺˣϲһ֣ϸɫƺǱǿ֮ıŭһɱ¾ʱ˷ܣƺֻΪɱ¾֡µˣǸϽȥߣ뿪ȻҪķкǿɾͲˡ
˶˵ãһ·Сǰ·ϣȻ˵Сϵľû˵ɹҰͳһĿھ˵ֻĸɹڵиɹһǿʴĺˮˡĸɹֱķкˡ
˵ɹĸħͷȻǲܶˡǺʧ
ߣϲط֣ˮǳˣѾǾ޴
ǣ֮⣬˶һҶĺˮѾ¶ˣְ̧ϣһȫʼơ°ѹð˿˿˫ƿʼ
ǿʴĺˮȻ쳣Ӳ޷ʴ
ںˮ£Ҷټĳֲμӣɳ̲ĳصڻسźƶˡ
ۿźˮԽԽߣ˴вˣʱԶһЦܣŶûУ
֪źķС


221 
ҶͷȻķһͷ˵ĶƵĴԶٶǼƣӦ
СģŶ
ȻתҰ㣡
ã书УֻԽԽæҶô˵ǣΪ˳ȻİΣֻô˵
Ȼ֪Ҷ˵ʵ㣬һ˴򲻹ģ
ҵֻкˮ£
ҶѾϰ뿪ҶǵѾ󲿷ֽ˺ˮǿ£Ƿǳƶ
ķѾ쵽ˣҶȴһͷԱһ㣬ȥ
ķЦģ𡭡
Ҷûе˵꣬ѾһХ˵ʮɣ˫Ƽżƿ֮ķš
ķϴγҶкˮĿҸӲ˫ƣһƻС
Ҷõɳȥɳ̲ϻһӡǡֻСʹо඼Ҫˣĳ֣֪ԼĵϸҶǶ֡
̧ͷķгȥļ٣һ˫ڵ͵һģٴڿն𣬳źķкĵȥ
ķ벻ҶȻԼһûлȥ֮ܽǿԼתԷƣһķеСҶһУԷһתʩչܿˣķһлգУҶ
ķкһѧˣ˵תٴѾ˺
ҶѸںķлӭʱٴܡ˷ΣķһֱҶţУۿѾ˺棬Ưˣٲһ﷫׷ˡٴ棬ҶһδӺ׷ΣķѾҶղŵĹ˫ϵĺˮѾˣ㲻£ҲûܣӲҶһơת˫ȭͻҶظ
ҶһȴҲûܣһƣͬʱ˫صץס˫ۣصȣһӳķƼһ㱻ˤ䵽ʮ֮ɳ̲ϡ
ķ벻ҶȻ뷨һӲһƣöԷþͻȻ֣һӾȻĵӳԶ
ҶķһƣѾشǿŽӳ漴һѪʱȾһƬɳ̲
ҡҡλվѵسźȥ
ͬʱѾ˷緫Ա˷Űããĺ汼۶ȥ
ʲô磡Ȼ˹ȥᴬɻûϴ
һнȻˣﶼģȥɣ
Ҷķӳ棬ҧͣȥ
У޻ǶҪң๼ʲô
ȻˣתϣȴѦϣݺͲסȻ֣ǵã
ȻҪˣ˵磬˲ʮУжƴ˲Ӳӣǰȴסȥ·
Ȼţɾǰ㣬Ⱦ
˪ΪİΣ˵ǾˣҲУ
ǳȻʦҲҶʦﶯ֣֮£תҶѾʮɣҶĿЦ絶˻ɣ㣡ҪԾԾȴһץס㲻ܷգչġ
ȻʹȴѲŵƿءغţɡ
ֺݺݸ˳һǶ⣺ͣ
ӰӡȴţɱңҲȥ
ವһ£ͷϷ۵һ£ӵļͷ벻ģһʹ֣һץסֱۣһƣѦϣݺͲסﶯá
ߣҶѪǰĺˮȾˣ˻Σϣ˶ŮΪ˾ԼӵץסοǱˮԲУӾȥ׷˵ֻ¶ں
ˮվ߲ԶȴǺķСҲˮԣ׷Цǣǿɲˣˣʵʵɣʣµɹ㲻
ҶʧԶİ֮УתĨһǵѪķУӲǸĸɹ𣿡
ķЩģˣ򲻹˵׷ϣֻܸ㣡Ҫ㣬ڹôӵĶ֣˵ʣµɹ
һ˾ͳҶͳȻһʣһƽˡֻʣĸˡ˿̣ҶͣҪɹڣ˵ɱԼЦƾʲô㣿
ƾСҪȫһΪͽ
棿
ǵȻ˵ʲôº㻰
˵㻰أҶɳ̲ŬŬ졣
ķҲѾɳ̲˳߹תȻԶһˣ
ķвɵϱɫһ䣺ôˣ
Ҷ뵽ɹΪʲô뵽
˵䣬ѾǰһԶʧŨſ˺ķһۣ˵أôôʹͰɹˣԭ֪Сﻹɹôһ˶̣
ķкһĸɹˣ룿
Ĵӣ˼˶ֵ࣬ġ㲻ϲСɹҪС㣬ôϸҹ˼˰ɣ
㲻ҪΪҵ㣡ķЦֻǲ˺ȻˣҲо綾ǿ˶٣ҪҲδֵȥ
֪ķ˵ʵȻʱѹ˶Թģ֪ѹƲ˶õģ£ˣСӽʣµɹָһСô
ķɫԻͣѾһˣ
ðɣҲɴ࣬סķϣͷָ
Ҷ˵ЩѹûаԼһ£ԼѾһƵġµ˵ûУ
ŰĿתôҪ˵
ȻҶΨһѾǿˣõеɹҲûа취뿪
𣿡΢ЦһңһҰ
ҪǲӦأ
𣿡һЦ
Ҷ̾һλǰǰһĲҡðɣҴȥȡɹȻ촬뿪ɹڻɽڵСϣȥСϸã
Цƭ˭أСѾˮûˣɹҲѾˡϸûɹҸոȥ˵ġ
ҶȵȥˣǻɽڿɶǿʴĺˮкŨôģ
Ѿûˣˮɺˡ
ҶһĳһˮɺˣΪʲô
ô֪ǵɵѷ죬ˮ©ȥ˰ɡˣٳˣϽİɹ
ɹڵϣǿɹ棬һˡû
ϸһ£ղֻע⿴ûɹȥˣûעɡ̫֮ˣһССϸǲע⵽ġ
Ҷǵ˵㻰԰һɹ档Ѿ˵˵ص㣬ҪԼȥúˣ
ϻȻһȥ
Ҷ̸˿ȥġɱ˵ҪúˮԸǲô˵ġҶԼ뷨˵ʵҲ֪˵ϼ޻ϽҲ֪ġ˵˷á
ķкЦƤ£ûţ߰ɣ
˴֣˻ɽɽڡ
Ҷȵط֣ȻɽԭˮѾˣǿʴĺˮҲһζʣ£ȫʧӰ١ǿþ޴ɹбСϣɵ²Ϳһ֦Ѿʴòˡӣɵ²ãˮȫ©ȥˡɻϱ֪ʱͲð룬ںˮֻҪϵźˮ¶ˡǵʱô֪أ
ڣû˺ˮԼԸħͷֶξͳɥʧˡô죿
Ҷߣһ˼Ű취ͺķ໥ŶԷһľţһֱߵǰ
Ҷ˿Լ͵ǸڣںСԲ׷ָ֡ɹ档ǸϽȥãǺȥ촬
ͺķ໥ţǱԷסϮͲˡԣ˼ͬȥã
Ҷֻ˽ȥȻûеģ̽ͷҪ˵֪˭͵ˣͻȻһζ໥ѵĺķкվȣҡҡλβˤ

ҶԴոðͷͻȻ޴ĺѿһѷ죬ƥеĳȵʯѷա


222 
еһɾ޴ֱӳգĲҽ޴ɽѵľڸǣҲֻ˰أȻֹΪǴӵĳˣѾճһֻϺס
书ٸߣڴȻǰͬӤһС
ķתɱȥٶ֮죬ǣգ۵Ĺ򣬾ʧ˻λɽ档
ʱһһҶڵɹϣһȴʬ壬ɲϡҶһۿǸװɹƤңϽһץס˻
֪ɹǲǱȵջˡҶһϲطĸɹö˶˵档ԭǳȵֻһ棬˲ɹƤһ࣬ûпԱ
ҶƤ˵ܽ޴ɳ졣
ǣĵûκáھ޴ĺУɽһɳˣľ޴ɣҲУһƵĳա
ƼһϷɵգΪ˵ķбģɳһߣһߣ˺档
군ˣôߵİȥʹˮУֻҲҪ޴ĳ
ҶƤϵ䣬Դ˿ֻиһʯûǳȵˣϽץסԱߵһ֦ڸ׹ļпţտĺˮԽԽ
ô죿ѵô
ĹѰͻȻбϷһʯ׹䣬뵽һ⣬ɼײ˲䣬ɳסʯþȫĹһѵ뿪ɣɹǿʯ
ˣ
ˮϣϳڣ
ʯҽˮɸߵˮ
ҶȻϷɵ˴󲿷׹׹̫Ǹһڵصˤˮ
о嶼ҪˣҪȥ弱ˮꡣǿ̾ʹչԼ壬ǱٶͣסˡˮĴʯ׹£һ㣬еײ壬ʯˮٶѾûʲô˺
ûżϸŬԼˮ£ԱһʯˮԾͲã޷ʱˮ¡ðϸ
ϸУľ޴ӰӦþǸɹÿԵɵơ
Ҷƶ˾޴ɵĺӰ£һðͷ
Ĩһϵˮ̧ȥʱŵĿɿڴ
ɽ緢ˣ
޴Ļɽ߿գȵӿɽʡ
Ͻ뿪Ƿ֮أ
ҶǱˮ£ƶɳǰƶһʯھ޴졣
ͣػһֱˮζǰɡ
֪˶ãʯϵˣðˮؿɽѾˮŨסˣǾ޴ĺѾ뿪˻ɽҺʯǵķΧɣõһ֦һѴֲڵĴˮǰУǰٶǿл֧ţʹܳ
ʱϵֱָȷϷΪ˸ĵͼʾСˮ۵ϣڳߣӦÿԻصǸˮۡ
һֱĺϻ־ˣҲǿֲĿ֣ҵǣһûг֣Ƿƽ˾
ˮֶֿ֮ʣ׼ԵһɹʱڳŨԶɽͣˮۡ
ҿָ룬̫ˣԼȻص˳ĵط
ϰ֮Ѿۿڣʿڣһľ׼ӦõġҶıʿסˣʿתϹ٣˵ǵĴ󴬱˴ˣںụ̂ʧŨˡٲȥǣֻҪˡ
˵꣬Ҷﳤȥʿ󾪣Ͻɱȥ档
ҶҵԼڴеߡɽͷȥֻˮ󴬣﷫ۣŨȥ
Ҷ⿪Ƥңĸɹ˳˿ûзκβʵļɸոժʱһġ
ںϵ죬һֱע۲ɹѾֻҪɹбʵļԵ˷ˡѾԹһһСɹٽųԣЧҲδظãȻɹ˵ĹЧܱòˣȵһʲôѣ˿ɾ͹ˡ
ɹַŻƤҡϸֿ˿ƤңƤʷǳ֪ʲôƤģҲ֪ɹûбʾɹԼԭ򣬻ΪƤҡôװűȽİ
ϻһСΪӦʱ֮ģҪóҵһ峺ɽȪɽȪ˸˶ӣŲߡ
һգڻصݡ
˼÷ܿϼȼѾͷϲ񡣳÷ԸǸϽ׼ƲˣԼźҶϴһ·һ³Է
÷ŮܹɣҶ˵£ǲѯʵġҶҲû˵ԼȥҲû˵ԼɹľһľֻЩ죬ûʲô飬Σܿϼóʱһһ㱨˵ⶼܺ𣬹׬˶٣ʯ׬˶٣ٽ׬˶١
÷Ҳ˵ˣʱү˱ݸȺѯûУҲû˵ʲô顣
Ҷ˵ǶԼĥһ£ȥ˱ȥү
ǣԹҶԼ˱ݵĸۡ
Ͷͽȥܿ죬˱ݾԳӭЦҶլԺǰûйĴҶǸоܳǾЩľʲô˰ɣ
Ȼ֮˱ңЦϵܣɻڴָտɴˣ
֮ǰ˱Ѿ˵ˣΪҶ㡣۸˸ţŪһıšΪҶȥ˱ݵģ˱һֱΪҶֵıţѹ㵽ͷϡʱŵҶɻڴġ
ȻⲻҶԼԸȴҶϣģԼ˵΢ЦЩûʲô
ʲôûʲô˱ݵ۵ެսԱҶȨǹȻҪ췴
ҶһôԼʧôЩ죬Ѿصزæݣô˵ϸһ𣿡
˱Цˣļ򣬵˵ı󰸵Է֣鹦㰡
鹦ңҶЩãȻ
㻹ǵҸ㱣ýǸŮں𣿡
ҶȻǵãͷ
ĸһֱܻ̿±ŮƵ飬ҹڼ˵һ˵㱻ҰŽެΪҵ㣬ֻǿдެެذΧ֪ôģެְǸˡ
Ҷɴ۾Ǿȵӣ֪˱˶Բ׿ڡ
˱ݽһЦһ仰ǳܣǰ⵽㡵ĺûᡣެǱߵͨެܿǴ顣ϴκУξެ飬ެҪϳ֣Ǹ⳥Ǯƥһŭּ飬ڻɳղݣڲ顣θ참ģʷةУǳĸ
ҶԳһϴ˱鷿͵͵һݺʱҲղʷةӲ죬һƲһư
˱Цţʷةε飬˺ܶ飬򽫺ͱ˧һֲ߻ģĿľڸӶެƣԱ˫սʹԳҶȨıͶͰɱԪ׶Ѿץϳָʹġ⣬һδެ򸱣ҲָʹެƵʵ
Ҷæ˵򸱴ެΪѰ𣿡
˱ζЦˣƤôԵġȻΪ˱ٰѻȥԣҲһСֶΣԶܿ˵Ͳٷȥˣ
Ҷİһѵ
ǰѾηɱˡ̫󣬻˭סģѰ˶̼Ҳǿġ˵˸еĻ̾˱ȴЦ͵⡣
ҶǲѾץˣ
أǻʵ۵׸磬ô˵ץץʷةҲֻģȥʵۺͳ࣬ǻףڳȺķΧ֮󣬲̸ǷⰡһΣֻڽˣ
˱Цǳ졣
ҶҲźǿЦš
˱ֵ飬Լ˶֪Ϊģû㣬û顣ĵģǣ˵һԱ
ⶼ˱ݾƵģаֹ͡
ϴεţһΣδ㶼ܲġúøɣǲ֮˵ģ


223 
Ҷһжĥɱ¿飬˭˵˵ˣЩ˻һ˶֪ô£ʵͽһܾԶ֮á
˱ѹֵܣ㱻㡿ĸ⼸Ҫʥͣгڣôͣζһٺ٣ȻҪռ֤Ǿ͸ӵİ϶͸ˡԣ㡽ܻ㽻һЩҪпõ飬ңǻ¡𣿡
ҶæֵˡˣΪʲô˱żûУǸ㡵飬ҲûбҪôżżģԼ㡵Աнһҵ㡵֤
˵һлҶŸ뿪
ȻصңԹ㡵
ĳ㡣
Ĵ۾ЩףЩûᡣҶȦȻֺˣЩʵ㡭㵽ȥˣôŻ
֮ǰҶѾôʣô˵˵ʵ飬ΪѰɹĹУΨһ֪ʵòǳȻǳȻҲ֪ʵݣĿǰ뱩¶ԼԣֻǺرһԣҽӵϼһţ˵ͼһȥΪᵢ̫ãû뵽ǵһЩ죬ôˣʲô𣿡
˴ˣ޼һүıʥɳʷةе飬ǳ޼ɵˣүʲôãү飬ЩԴУȥʥϸ˵үЩҪ㣬һֱǻˡ
ҶһĿɿڴӣֿһɥ㡣Ͱ͵ôᡭ
̾һ޼ҪѾܾˣ֪һֱڰҵν֤һΣЩ鷳Һܲұһʥ˵˾ͨɣһ˵ϣ˵ʵۡͬʱһҪҳֱĴ󳼰æ˵ԱһҪҲ˰˵顣ҪǸʱϣܰҴɽǶȷ
ǻףڰķΧҲ˷ҪڳȨȺǲǴıǲˡġҪģ˰˵رʷ̨¡̲˾ȨһǲҪҲҪıһˡ
ҶȻ֪һȥϲ·Űı˿ѾĻͶˡ
Ҷ룬ǵȰүȻ޼Ҫأ֮⣬ҵطɣ
Ũüһ㣿ҪǶڱηǱӣԼıǲǵļƣ
Ҷֹһ䣺ʱߣڵģ
æԲֵܣүߵүܴã㲻õġֻҪүþˡ
ˣүô飬ܽһĽã
㡵Ҳûʲôرð죬¼ÿɵģҶȫݰճŵ˵ģҪ겻ɣЩԩİգжôʧ
Ҷи̾㡶Ѿѱ¼ΪЩԩϴԩ˾塣
㡽ŵ¼Ҳģֻܽ㣬ǣڵֻһõССֻ¸Щ˲㣬˾ǺܺѡҪҽʥԣ׼ô󶼶ĳʷƽܴҴӼ¼ͬʱҽٳų󶼶κʷִ£Ϳ˳شпܴԩİˡΣ
Ȼרְ飬֮ǰǵ飬ǵγʷ飬λȻǲһġ󶼶ĳʷŵĹʷļҪߵö࣬ǴƷϿҶ˸ߵĸ֦ˡæүİš
㡵ͷʷɣҲǲװˣһеİ㲻ù˼ģֻҪԼ뷨Ӿˡ
õģҶֵ
ţúøɡߵ鴦ˣָɳ˳ɼһȥһǶļν
лү
廰УǴӦĸ㱣ýȢ極Ϊ޵ģνһ˳Ļǻ̽һ¿ڷ磬ţ㽫һͿˡ
ҶжĸоǺܸӵģʣûܵԲбѱ˵ˣ˼ġҪԼݴ뿪ʱۼԼķУǳΣգ׻ҪóǰѴԼȻԴĳӵ˶Ȼܾǿֹˣǣ˸ж
ǣҪӭȢԼȻݹ͢ڶУңԳȻָΣûĸԸСġ
ҶŹֵҾ¸ʲϣ˼ҿңʵӣ極Ļ׹أҸٻ֮ҵĹҲͲˡ
ǿɲУɲǷӣݵһӣҲܹǵһӣ߲ʫ־ͨɣ˲ţҪ߹ٺ»кѣҪ極ӣҲ㲻øʡ
ҶЦûнǻ
һʱ䣬˭Ҳ˵ܰ
̧ͷҶΣŻ˵¼һһ졣֪û
Ҷͷһݣһү˵Ҫ飬ǾԲһ򵥵¡Ҷʶ˵ԼûеǣԼҪ˵ûеʲô鶼ûǾ˵ȥǣ֮˵ԼûеҲ̫ˡ
ӶԣҶϣܰԼԣ¾ģʲô飬ĺܼ֣ΣǻǱҪʲôӲӵģǹ̡㹰ֵү˵
һֱܵͳ˱ݺ͹ʷǳ޼ɵצݺңҪأҲԴУǣ㲻㣬ҪҲǣǵҲҪ취𣡡
˵ͣһ£ӵͳıˣΪ취Ҳ𣿡
һ⻰Ҷ￩һ£ҪŪ˱ݺ͹ʷ⵹Ǻܴ󣬰ɱˣҶſԼ书ϻǵȸһǳ޼ɣΪ߲֪࣬˸֣Ҫɱֻϼѡ
ҶɫҲֵܣҲ֪ڵ˵޼ɣǹʷˣҲ޿κΡǣνӱʮ겻Ǽ㽫һһȨ֮λȵǵʱ뵽ү󣬰ǱѩޣǾȪ֮£ҲͿĿˡԸ𣿡
Ҷһʱһɣǳ޼Ҳ㡱֮ʮ꣬ҲһıͬʱҲŲնɱ㡵ĳ𣬺ˡԼ˳÷򣬴˳ˮۣٳɴ£ˣԣҪҲ
ǣҶҾһ񣬵ү£첻ۣү˵ǣȻͿأɱ޼ɡ˱ݡʷΪүѩޣΥԣزݣ
㡺һۣжỨ
ҲǳҾһʵлҲŸ
ҶָϽһʱ֮䣬ЩƬ̣кҶ¡
ֵۣ֮ܣҽʥƼʵۡŻʵ۶εģų޼ɵĻֻǣʵѵĿԣͷֻ»ӳ޼ɵġǣ˽ʵƼ㣬ʵ۳ڶҵ⣬һõġԣܿͻá߲ʫשǣ⿿ʫʣ߲̫Զģ㻹Ҫɲѧڶϰϳɼõá
Ҷͷ˵ʵ̫˻ˮǣȨƵջ̫ˣϾ޴Ŀԣֲܲġ
㡽˵ֻѧʫʣҲֻߵ߱˱ݵλϡҪߵγ޼ɵλãǹ⿿ǲģҪй˵ķֲԣνһиܰسЯ㡣ؼһ㣬Ҫһ㹻ǿĺ̨֧š̨ĪˡѾӻʹﴫ˵ʵϳʺΪʺףǳΪ͢سҲָտɴˡ
ҶԿЦ㡻֪ԼѾйԹҲ֪ӻӵﵽ׶ԼǸʲô̬ȣܲܳɣǺǻ˵׼ء
廰ǰǽҪϴԩǻǰԭļƻȽһЩɼˣ¡ƲԣǻϼƼ㡣Ѿռеʫʻаİӣ楶кøеġǻʵ˵飬ʵڳ޼ɵѹòɱҷޣǵı飬һͷġ㲻õġ


224 ط
ҶֻǵͷȻȴûйֳлΪǶԷĴγлأ
˵ҲΪ˳Ĭã㡻ӻ֡ʾҶȻȥˡҶǡڶϣҶӵʽģݴ󶼶κʷִ¡һ˵ƽˣȵͶϲ£ˡøǷڣǰصĵﲻķֶԼ˰֮ˡ
ʱǿףأͬʱҲǸлٳڼļشΧȫصͷĹˡһֱȵ˰ַǷ
ʱ֣ҶǣҡҡλλصѾˣǴǰõҶЯĻ˾Լˣ񹧺صġҶʶ÷ϽطЪϢ÷Ѿơ
æ䣬Ҷǰ
Ҷһѵֳʲôʲɣʱ˲٣Ͻ
ֻһЩֵڸ㡺˵Ҷкִ£μʷ
Ҷ֪ǰЩĹԱԼԺ˾󶼶ĺʷϽǰʩ񣺡μʷ
ʷ֮Ż׺ֵܣǴͰҲֵܵĲѧʶжš߲ʫͨɣ˰Ѿˣμ¼ҵǲɵģһпɶҪϵˡ
ʷˡҶæǫѷ̲סһá
΢Ц㣬˲پưɣˣǾͳ˵ҲȥЪϢʷذɣǻһֵ˵
ǣ¸ǡ
ʷ뿪
ƣɣ
䣬תŮվǰ
ҶҲУֻʵΣĪŮԼлԼŮѾˣɲˡ
û˵Ҳ˵ˣλҽһ£λֵܣݵһӣ߲ʫǵһ¬̨ͬеһǺǣݴ󶼶ʷִ£ͨɣ¼ҪˡֵܣҸһλĹ͡λǻʵ۵ĳ極λǳŮȻ
ҶһԴ˵һ¡æǰգգ۾ŬӣڿǰλŮɲͳȻ
ֻǵ´һǰλ΢΢üǰҶͿͲʣɳƱ˵ģûаǰλɹݵϵһ
ȻȴǾϲӣ̲סҪȥҶֹСϵ˵ĻҪ֪ҶʵĿǸϽվסˣϲӵҲָƽΪ˲Լһ˫ĿӲŵ档
û㡺УΪ˵߶ϡҲ֪ⲻһ˼ĺûᣬΪҶˣӡ󲻺ãûа취ΪǴվҪ뿪ǰǣһȥܻܲͲ֪ˡûʱӣҲţΪҶĲѧһĵġڳȻǳ˵Ůֻ˫ĳԹ޹أҲûжΣǷ޶ûаעϣ֮飬Ҳø˳ȻԼʧ̬Ļᡣ
ЦǺǵֵܣͳλɢĵģ˵Ҫȥ¼λҲǳľͨһȥΰ
ҶԴЩɣ⻰Ͻ»ӭ֮λﾫͨɣλָ㣬¼͸ˡ
ζԷɷǳӣΪֺûʵۣȻҲŬжɣԱܸʵйͬԡΪãҲӰ죬ԶԷҲноڳȻүү޼йŴķѧңǡ顷Ҫ׫ˣΪŮȻȻԷҲк衣
Դ㡵磬һ̰ǰ
Ļʵ۽磬ףҲô㡡
û˵ҶһãУƣǲ졣ƣӦ޾Ȫˣοҵȷˣ
㡹Цô˵߲ʫɣ˰ɣ
ź´һҶ̬֮⣬ҲӢ˵Ҳᣬ⼴֮һɺӡһתһҶеȤˣʲôʱȥ¼
գһԵ㡰Żش𣬡ǽȥ¼Ѿ˹ˡ
ǺðɣɩҶˣҲͿڷԣ
΢ЦѾԤˣֵܣҲһԺ𣿡
а
˵ҶҪˣȻϲһãѾ¾硣㡿ⰲҶߡͷ𣿡
һԵ΢Цش𣺡ֵʫһʫһǣӹ󣬵ԸԸѣ˵ܺȲܺȣ
ŶһҵҪλ߲ʫݵһӣǲҲһ
ȻϽ㣬ִѾˣٺһˣõг̣ô컹Ҫȥ¼ء
ҶЦ˳Ȼһۣһӣû£λһˣвĵ󱭣
ԭҶľŮھᾢںεӽˡᾢȻǲں಻ᲢۣλܿҪΪԼӣǽĴɽȻ˼ҶˣûֻǱӦСʹ룬ѾеˣҶȴǸӡ֪СӾ֮󣬲Լε˵ġ
ǣߥ޳ȻơȻȴģֻ΢ЦҶ
ҹ˾ɢˡԻȥЪ
ϣҶźʷſڣ㡷޽Ϊ㡽ߵģֻв֪ûʲôͱ𡣵ȻȻҹסҪͱġǲ֪еԭίΪֻѰĻؾ˵֣⵹ɨȥ˲١
㡵Ҷ˵ʱһѵõĻᣬҪúðգֵĻģûκˡ
ףһᾡġ
ţļ΢Ц˵
ҶԼȴģҪǻɱŮˣҲǶĥ͸ĵŮӣҶûаգǰߵʱǿųǻԼǣ̫ϷˣҶԿĶҲδؾš
ҲҶ˵ɫأγ޼˺֣үֻѹһأԭȵļƻֻ²ˣвбһͷصġúŬɣǵļƻֻûˡ
ҶȻ֪׻ᶫɽģο˾ػģνɽǰ·һжġ
Ըɣֳ̾˿ﲻߣŮһҲԸðգ֪ϲ㣬һҸùˣ߰ɡ
Ҷѻ˵ˣЩ죬æ˾࣬µġһչġ
ţٻӻ֣
ЯҲǳӵĻԶȥҶͻȻһֱĸоѾ֪Էı˵ζûôȻˬ
ǣҶǻصţ¼ĶҲ׼ˡٽٳ£Ϊ檣ȥ£µҲŰ죬˵˻гȻС̳ӣҪ֪Լ¥Ůߣֲ֪Ҫảˡ
㡸ͳȻ׼һΪ˵İȫ˶аŮװΪķɹݲ¼ҶҲţһȶˣ㡸һԴֵĹȣһҲûϳҶ
Ǽһεг̣ǵĿ꣬ݵķ帮ݵݸڵءҲǾԶ֮һҪг̡סݵˮء
Ǵ㡽¼дƷĴ󶼶ʷӣݵĴʷٹڳſӭӣȻֻ·Ҳҵ
ţϯסõĿջҶǶ˵׼䡣
ҶصԼķ䣬ûϰЪҲûеƣھš֪ȻһԼ
Ȼһж֮Ҷ˴ûϴ˴һӰƮ˽һ磬ĻȻûеƹ⣬ҶǿǺӰԼȴĳȻ˽ӵǡ
Ƭ̣Ȼӵ


225 
ҶСظһ⻬㷢ôˣ
˼Һáõ㡭쿴ö˶˵ĻţҡһϲĶҪըˡȻţ϶˵ţ⼸ԼĵǣúίرˣֻһֱҪˡ
Ҷ֪飬Ҳܵ㣬ںû°ɣ
û£ֻҲֶֿʵʱǵĴҵǡһһ£֪һͿĻèһ˸ںϷˣǲųѰҵġһ֪㣬֪ѾˣҡҸ˵öˡأ
Ȼ˵ԼҲ
ҶšһۻʲôǺķ°ܽ˲˹ģҺΣ
ȻҶĸʴˮŪ˵ĺķǱɵһЦˣʵļһ£ǵǿ㲻ǿʴĺˮûкˮһжסˣôģ
ǻ򵥣Ҷ˵úɣóȻ£ֻ˵Լûɽ緢ǿʴĺˮĵĻ˶ԷȻһľ˳ˮƯܺãͻص˸ۿڡ
ȻҲɣ˳ţصۿڣһ
Ҷʣأ
ߣˣûĸ磡ȥҾ͸ߵүүо㼸ξǵȴ𱨣Ķùˣ
Ҷ˵üæο˲ΪҲΪ˱
ҶԽ˵ôȣԽóȻжĲǣȻ˵ǻ֮Һﶼ͸оԸһߡȴˣ̫Ǿ˵ʱؾǣԼߣҪȥһʱ䡣Ǹڱʿ¾ҵǷǳĸˣ˵֮󣬱˵ҪؾǣúʷһͨɵݵһӴ¼ǿԸȥ档벻ǸӾ㣡ˡھǾ˵ͷأ
Ŷʲôˣ
δչһԶ˾ǵһ¬ڻԭݵһĲ˵дһǸʲôϸʫ˾裬ս㣬ŽǶһٻܡ˵˲أˣĺöʫҶأϲʫ϶һף溨졭
ȻһҸСȸһҶĻ˵ŶɵĽ
ʱȣʱ˵黰֪ҹˡȻ´صԼӡ
֮󣬳ȻлᣬǱҶȣ˵һЩǰµ黰˱۹һ㡣ȶŮ鳤Ұ²
գһݷ帮
Ԥ¼ĵص㣬չأҶаŮװͳȻ¼ĸسͬʷӲŵĴΣȡԩֻкԩߣѯֻ֮Ҫĺԩ¼ڰ¼ȡڣϸѯʰһȻʮ˺ԩ
ҶǸЭʷģǶʮԩİӣа֮󣬱ó֮󣬱ʷɺʷöϰղþ
һģһΪˡ
ڹŴϸƵģǱ˸µĹ¶Լ֮ͬΪӣǿԵģ֮䣬ϸķաɡĹ涨ߣͽһꡣߣʮҲ˵ԼһϵĺӣǶ˺˶Ҫ̷У˵ĴһЩ
Ҫ¼ӣҲһ˲ͬһϵĺӣֻһŮɡ涨кҪ̣ŮǷûȷ涨϶ոù涨дͽһꡣݸźõ׼
¼ʱ溰ԩǼӶкһֱҪһŮ˼ĸŮΪȽƶԸСһ͸ΪŮԸ飬ôͳ˷أòԺԩ
͵ҶͳȻҲһˡ֮һⰸеûȻֻ涨кҪ̣кŮˣ涨ҪǳͷպӵΪֻҪյĺӣֻҪµĹ¶ӦộӦòߣάԭУ
ҶĿȻȻһɡڿţΣ̧ͷǿ涨ǣߡҲ˵жû˵ŮǰѷŮƺûʲôݰ
Ҷһ֮ͷⳤȻƳѧҵŮǳз÷Ĺ涨ΪĵҲǷûй涨ĳΪǷģһ㶼϶ΪȻڷƲȫ£Ϊ˱Ϊɹ涨©ʹһЩΣԵķΪѷɵƲãƵĹ涨Ĺ涨ҲСԣҲ˵˵ľûʲôҪΪ¿ƣӾûдΪžоġ
Ů˵öиԵĵҶרоɵִѧߣ⣬˵ʵʱûر⡣ˣžõȷһ⡣
ãҶǲԩؼܲơ
ͳȻҶ˵˵ϣһͷ˵
ҶҸΪƵΪ֮ãΪַķͬģ˵ַķɱķһģɴ˲ãˣܷƣؼŮΪǲҲַ˸кΪһķ棬˵ǲַͬķ塣
Ҷ˵ִѧķﹹۣȻȻģ֪˵ʲô
ҶֻԼԺ˼·Ҳǲˣ˵ǵΪϵģŮһޣͲٹڱ壬ʹҷҲǲǣѾ޵Ůġһ㿴кŮԼӰȫһġΪкͳ˼һӣҪǣ˷ҲҪǣкŮĺкܴĲͬˣǵķҲͲͬ
ͺǳˣŮƵƵͷʼЩҶǰ˵Ļ˼ˡ
Ҷ˵˻һƪҲ˵ΣǼͥϵŮһޣͲͥĳԱкһƪ½ṹԷӦߵ⡣ƪҲ⣬һﱣĶͥϵȻŮܳΪͥԱҲΣͥϵˣƪ½ǶȿŮַкڵĻƪͥϵʴҲǲһġ
Ů벻ܴƪ½ƶ⡣ֽͷû˵ú档һֱб۾Ҳ۾תˡ
Ҷܽ᣺󴫡ƣ࣬ı졯仰תһ˼·ҲΪŮΪܳΪһˣҲͲܸкһĽˣкŮȫͬͥϵӰҲȫͬǲƵġ
Ҷⷬ˵Ů۾ɴˣ˵ĵͷͷǵȻ̾ԭҲֻǾӲƣҲֻһֱ۵ӡҪ˵ôһ׵ɣһ˵ִ£
Ҷæǫѷ˼䡣
Ҳָб۾˵ӣҶǰ˵Щʲô棬ʲô壬ô£
ҶֻſںࣺоɵʱԼĥһЩҪȤҿԸǽ˵
ûȤ
Ȥ
ͳȻͬʱ˵ֹ۵㡣һ۳Ȼſںģô˼һССִ£˵ʲôҲǰͷүү˵ñö࣡
Ȼҡͷүү˵ɺܶΣȴû˵ġ棬ִ£˵ˣͷҸүүҲ˵˵ûе
ִѧȥӰһŴѧңҶе档ȻʱĲͬʱδܽķѧҲԿһЩ˼·ġҶͷ𣿡
аûʲô飬¡
ǣҶ̷ִķﹹ۸Ů˵ˣ˵ŮȻѩķѧ۶˵̫ǰû̵棬ԣһʱסֻȻļסҶ˵ĶûеƵġ
ո˵꣬µ¼ˡһΥİӡ


226 ɵ
һЩСȢһ檡ԭֻһӣϧеɵɵģС˽ǵʮ꣬ϴҲʶһϲûа취ܲܰڿµļҲƽһ׳հɣǣ͸ԼĶ檵ĴΪճӡ
ԪӲˣģȻеɵԼͷ⣬вάģ˵ˣӲܼ̳мҲɵɵģǵͷñ۸ֻڷûóԵġǱϲϲִҪĶΪաԪԴҲȱһ͵ȥ״ҪŸĳΪգԱ㽫м̼Ҳơ
òоϲΥ֧Ԫӵ룬ɵΪգм̼ҲƣͬʱΪϲڵճڵʱ򣬲ɹ涨գдͽһꡣΪɡ˵úΥߣͽһꡣʮϣߣԳԳߣ֮Ҳ˵Ԫʮ껹ûӣǲĶΪաϲԪһӣȻɵһ㣬ɡɡûй涨ɵӲܳΪӰˣϲΥʴо
ϲԪһɵˣԭֻΪɵҲƵģô㵽󣬷Լɷ͵ȥˣɵĴԩӾͳ¼İӣ͵Ҷİͷ
ҶȻа˻㱨ӣɵöЦˣ˵ʲôΪգȴɷ͵˼
ﻹȷԣеûĶȻɵһ㣬Ҳǲʶϲʶֵ˶ȥˣÿɵӶܳΪݵһӵġ
ҶԼɵӣɵЦˡ
˵ɵҲԳΪճӵģʱĶӣʵҲǸɵӣҪȻôŷǽİأ͵˹ϲҲǵģ㲻ϲӣҪΪأȫԻɵΪӣöӰŹܼҲƣѵһɵӣܸǿɣ
Ȼô£ղǼҲƵ⣬漰ķչҪǴǵӣҲҪӵĶӵġˮһգⲻеġ
ݸһЦһɵӣȢϱ˭ҵĹŮԸ޸һɵӣ
ôֻҪǮͲȢϱ
Ȣϱˣһɵӣ֪ô𣿡
ϱԽȻģñ㣬ҪǼ޸һɵӣ㻹ýô
ӣż޸ɵأҲ˺죡ܹȥҪץȻȻҶЦܡ书ץ
ҶۼŮǰɹԴףȴֵø׵ĹƵģɸ̾Ůʵ̫Ʊˡ
׷ϣֻվסˣ˵Щ軰Թˡִ£˵˵ûе
Ҷͷе޴ӱ粵أ
ȻҲҲûдϲԪһֱúԩҪȻȰ˵һ£еĵԱϢߣάԭǻȥ״
Ҷ˵еάȵʶٺ٣
Ȼ۾ţɶάȣ
άľִйɫĴʻ㣬ƳǲġҶֻǼ˵ǲǵ״ǰ˳Ԫɵӽһ˼빤
а참ϽȥˡϲԪһֱģҲ֪ܿͨˣɵǩѺ
ϲżˣţʱŭݣʲôҪ˲Ÿ𣿡
ϸŶӹ򵹣үҲֻ֪ǾǶ̫ˣԺ۸Ĳ֪Ҫ֪ίҲᵽ״ˡء
ߣϲǿ׵صغһŤȥǡ
һԼˣʲô
ϲȻ֪ݣһװ˵ȴŮһ㣬غһŲӵλүˣ
ûƽͷոҸģŭûӲɵһƾʲôΪգƾʲôҪΪӣΥˣ
ϲ۾ɵøͭһ㣬ʵۣ˵ȵ۵ĵھŸӣȵ۱ǬΪ̫ӵģΪʲôõʵ۵ǻˣʵ۶ܻӣΪʲôϰվͲܻ
벻һɱСȻûȣһʱ䶼һ£漴üŭȣ󵨣Ȼûʵ˵£𣿡
ϲƸסˣôһñӣɿӣû˵ǣǲġ
ǳ⸸ףЩɵϲĴɵЦţ˼һ䣬ҡţ㲻㲻Ҫɵˡ
һ˦֣˻ָϲӼ˵ôТ˳ĺӣ㻹
ϲ͵һЦתͷԶӵɵСôеģ
ɵڵϣһɵЦŸס
ǹôᶫģ
ɵԴ棬ŷΣʼñڵĴᣬһ·ᵽǰѥӣͷҪȥﾪһϽÿѾͨ졣
Ѿʮ߰꣬Ѿ˳˵ɵȻͯһѧѧ˲á
ϲЦɵ˭ѧУѧ¿ѧԽ࣬ѧԽ𾢣˵ܳмҵļҵм̣ҵ飿
ɵֻиԼˣŸ׵䣺ɵԣ̬һˣҲδɵͯѡ
Ҷʣһֱ
ϲԪӳҭһԻش𣺡ҶСʱܴģʱѾʶˣϧһ괺ϣһ󲡣գҹȻκˣȴͳӡء
ɵĸ׿ޣתŹȥĸ׵䣬Ͱʣףǲɵˣްɵѧèҧβ͸㿴òá
ϸǺɸ֣ץŶӵĸ첲ݺƨϴ˼ƣɵۿϸֺˣһѱסӣ
Ȼ̾Ϣһϲղ˵ȵþŻӳм̻λ飬øһʵһȵ۵ĳʺȺȵӣǬ̩;ӣҲǵʥϡǳʺա涨޵ӼͬĸܡԣȵΪճм̴ͨǷɷġ㲻֪飬ƣԷϳӣΪգǾͲˡ
ҶоɣȻ֪ϸաĹ涨ǾͲˣȻԡ˶ȡĽͣʵ涨ģ޵Ӽ޵ԴͬĸܣĸܣӡҲ˵ûеӣ͸ûеͰӵͬĸܣûͬĸܣĶӡĵճǬȻıԸĵգǣǬʱѾж󡣰աճǬӦճΪաһ˵ı嶼ɥʧȨҲӦð˳ճӵͬĵ̩Ϊգ̩ûйΪȨף˾Ρ
ȻֻǰͨյյĹжϣƶɵĻʵۣԼǿԲӷɵģΪĻǷɣ̫ӵľӷҲ˵ͨġ
ϲȻԺԼ˵̬Ͼܽܣ֪飬ٱȻϵĻжˣŵǶǱǿ׳ġȻ˵Ȼǳĸжġǵͷ
ȻϲĺȻɵһ㣬ǣЩǣԺζĵҪǿ˰ɣٻТ˳ðǣĺ㶼ҪϵжٲĳӲ÷ϵˣҵãһɵһĺӣǶģЩԺζĻӻļҲƵҪǿö࣬˵𣿡
ϲ룬ڳ̾һͷ
ȻҪϻȥΪգǿ취ͷŻȥ
ϲϲӣ̧ͷųȻģ
Ȼǡ
ɱҴӦ
Ȼڰ֣а취
ϲϽڵأ֪ˣһȥ͸ĻɵΪգԺҲ£ͰѼҲƴɵұ֤Ȼ׺䣡
ҲǿϲŶӸϽ򵹸лϲ˵顣
ȻͷãȻȥɣ
ϲǧлѺȥϸŶҲ˳ȥˡ
ʳȻô취


227 ıɱ
ȻݸһЦɡй涨ǲ˴ףڷߣΪ׼ߣ׷˵ǱڷӦ໥ˣЩ˴汻ף൱ڱԼסԣϲӵŸ״ǿ԰Ǵϲסֲɱ˵Ȳ׵ԾͿԵõˡٴˡΣ
ԷɵоȲϳȻҲ֪вУҶ
Ȼְ취ڴ֮ǰİҶҲȻǺϤˡµͷܲ
ﻹЩתǣӵֻΪŸɵΪգΪɷװ
״˵ľɷΥ鰡ԲŸСȻ˵ˣǸʲô𣿡
룬ǺðɣһѵˡҪѺһֻ꣬¾ͻˡ
̶֮󣬵ҶддʣϲףΪɣ鵱ͷš֮󣬺ʷðҶдоϲҲȻĻжԼĶȻɵһ㣬ǻǺ۰Т˳ĸģϵŵ㣬ΪգɵȢһͻ۵ϱϱһĺӣϲȥ֮󣬼Ҳɵӳм̣ĸ׺ӵİɵڼּңѼҲˡ
¼֮󣬴գǼг̣ݵİ¼
һֵܼİӡ
ʵܼ򵥣Ǵȴǳļ֡ӣҲǵҶаİ֮һ
ģһĸˣɷˣֻһŮĸŮΪϣһٽֵʧĶ̱꼰Ĵ֮СΪ³ﱾǮûǮݿԽһոߵ˽˸Ϣ̫ˣôʼջͳɼˡ֮ǰոߵĸ̼־ͱŸ˲ö˵ծŮ̼С檡˱ȴӦ
Ůɣڴ֮ǰ͸һ¥Ļˡϣú㣬ƫ飬ֻǼҾƶֻóھ¥ǮҡŸ¥Ĳȥ򶹸һȥ͸ɣϤ˶Ľ˽ͺˡֻ˶ò񣬾һֱûסƫƫʱ˸ƹȶŮɣծ˸ƹ檡
ɣ޵ȥûа취ܡڳΪƹС֮ϻǾȥɣΪƹ񾭳̴ծڼңɣǾ˽˷֮ʵƹˣ֮£ɣ̲ס˵ʵ顣ƹȻŭһҵϣбϱͷѪתߣӽһͬ޴ӣƹҪ鼱֮£ץһʯͷ˹ȥиƹ̫Ѩƹ񵱳أЧձˡ
ŽϺ͡ɣץд˽̡˵ģǸпƹˣΪ檣ⳡĸԴȻɣΪ֮󣬻ƭɣҲһҪԭΪ򣬽׷ɱдӦǣɣҲΪɱͬд̣̫ˣҶ취ɣ
ΪɣҲԩˣΪ¼İȽа졣ѳа֮άԭСɺܼ򵥣ΪɡĹ涨ɱ䲻֪飬ͬҲ˵ͨ飬ɱ׷򣬲ıɱǻŹɱҲͨǲǶԴ֪飬ɱĹд̡ԭоо
˰¼ȷԣҾԭûϸаʲôģҪ˵ԼĴȻѾˣظͨ飬ֳĽһ˺ˣд̶ģ˵ӦýٴҲӦնףЧȣ
Ȼô˵ͨ飬ȻͨǼŹɱˣͲ̸֪ͬıƾʲôҪΪ˳еΣҪд̡δ̫ˡ
ôӷͬοһô涨ģɱ׷򣬲֪֪ҪһɱﴦѵҲִ𣿡
Ȼʱ˵ûɡô涨ģңɡǳȻүү޼ֱ׫ġΪŮӦģִСɣǿС檣뿪ˣҪǿôð취ܰأ
Ҷû˵һֱĬĬطӵľڣѰͻƿڡ
Ҫɣȥֻе˼·һǷɣΪƹС檵ݡð죬ΪֻҪһֽͿˡһɣϵͨϵֻҪ˲ǼݣǾͲһǶŹɱƹ𣬾ֻһ˳е
ǣ֤ڰж뱸иƹύ檵еʱ˵֤ʻϵǩнַ֤֤ɣǸƹС檡ҪģɣԼĿڹǸƹС檡ԣǲܵġ
ڶ棬Ϊ˵ͨϵû˿ֻ˵Ŀڹ˶ͨ飬ȷ˫з֮ʵͬʱиƹļ֤ʱƹɣ֮󣬽пʣ˵ϡҲǴ֤ݿӡ֤
һȻЩ˫ˣͲðˡ
ۼҶһֱڳĬҶιִ£أ
Ҷó֮Ӧţʲô飿
һİۣء𣿡
ҶȻ׷ⲻԸڵһ±棬ʡ
ʲô˶ˡ
ҶȻ¼ǵȻҪϸ飬Ӧԩô˵
ðɣ㣡
ܿѰɣѺһСŮӡصļϺͽ϶ǳص
Ȼſļȡ˰ɣ
ûа취ȡճ͢Ĺأһдͱͽͣ۶˵ģûа취Կ״򿪵ģҶϡ
ȻȻͨɣûѶˣ֪ЩءҶһۣҶʼ磬ʾûа취Ȼֻա
Ҷкԩ˵ա
ûԩ
Ŀһɣ廰ûԩʲôԩĵǲǣ
񸾲ңɣţصļ֧ڵϣӿЪϢһ£ΪϺԩ
󵨣ŭ⣬Ǽ֪߳ܣҪԩǹɼ飬һ£˵ף㣡㲻׷Ҳļ򣡡
ǣ񸾵Ĵɣţ๼һ񸾳еɡ޹ģ˵ǱҼү׷ɱͬ޴ӣֱүűɱ˵ġпԭǱҺģүһ񸾸Ը֮࣬һү׼
˵棬ɣ
ϸҶľʱѾע⵽ˣ̷ִ񱾰ڱԷ׷ɱ£·ӶвʱȡġɱԷҪô϶ΪҪô϶Ϊǲд̵ġԣҪᣬϵΪҪеΣҲԴ
ǣһǧǰƳɵĹ涨˷ǳϸƣϱ׷ɱΣʱȨԣΪһ
ɣϣģͨϵǲƳڣǲܻ׼ġ
ɣֻǿధ÷ˣԸ˴ȥҶִ£ʲôûУ
ҶЦЦһһϡ
ʲôûкԩ
Ϊ˲尸飬˲еͬǱġ
ðɣҪû¸Ҳ㡣
аѺ˽ͬҲǴųصļͽ͡ڵϣһԲ
żҶҶҲʵƹʯͷģ
ǣϻش
廰ǲΪ˸ɣܳأɱ˸ƹ񣿡
̧ͷĿм㣬ôأϲɣҲϲңȥҲٴģûҪɱƹҪȻҵʱҾͲܣỹֵģʱھ¥ĳ˲ˣв˵񵶻иӣʲôûãֻӱܣŹһֱ׷Ҵ򣬴ͷѪģһֱ˵Ӵ㡣ܾͲٴˡڳﱧͷ򡣿ǣȴӵ˹ӣһѿͷСҪҡŻˣܳȥˡ
Ҷʣøӿ㣿


228 ֤©
û˵ϸڣΪŴ¼ڹԼ򵥣رǱı¼͸ˣϸڲûʵҲûϸ¼Ҷûп
ϵǰǿͷĸӣǳأһӿԴҾûˡ
ûҲã廰Ҫ˼С檣˼ҾͲ׷ɱ㣡
ֵͷƬ̣˵һ䣺ҪǲɣɣС檣ûк飡
Ӵ㻹еˣ
ǣ̧ͷһ˵ɣӱչˣǮ⣬ҪǮɣͷ˵úúõģֻҪһɣûԽܣʹӦˣǺȴʮ룬ʮɣǲǵɣۣȴ˵˵ľʮɣˣѾˣ˵Ҳ˵ô˵˵ġ
˵ϸӼ˵ʮôʮҪôߵϢ˭ҲȥģοɣֻС⣬ôܽôϢծҲ갡ɣȥŸ״ŵ˵ǵ־ݵôдģɣ˵ʶֻ֣ˣʱ˵һ֪ôͳʮˡ϶˹ƹŵ˵Ҫ֤ݣô֤ݣžͰˡ
Ͽʼޣģ֪ģƹ˲¹ͷűծÿһǮߵծˣɣĸŮԿʲ˵ػծҲ塣Ҫƹƣ˵ծɣծÿҿɣޣҾ絶ʡ
廰޸ƹͽɱ
ûɱȻĺܺƭɣĸŮɣơҺҴûҪɱˡҪøӿңŻˣűԴһʯͷ˭뵽
ҶһʵǱԴӵʯͷ㿴ûУ
ûҲҿֻǱͷҿûжſſڵϣͷӵһߣҲ˲ıģȾˡ
ʱԱûбˣ
ûСһͬû档˵ϲ˷ʬġ
ûĿҶ°ͣƬ̣һԵĳаҪٴѯʰñ¼ÿһ仰¼׼©
ǣϽ׼ñīֽ⡣
Ҷϣϸ˵һ飬ø׷¥һֱ׷ͬϸ˵һ顣
ãϸ˵龭һԵͳȻŲôصĵطЩֵ
¼˱¼֮Ҷ˰ϴȥó˾ʬ񣬷ϣԶŮǳаǿʬд߱Ѫһɶ촽ѣ沿вࡣ԰ɣ
˿ˣͷ
Ҷóֳ¼ʾͼָǿֳѪĵطһʯͷ
˴ȥһֻʾͼϵȷעһЩԲȦʾͬĵôСȵʯ̳ɵģעѪĵطҲһԲȦ
ƲƲ죬ֻͼʱֻģʾǶʯ̵ģʾѪĵطһʯ
аæֳҸոȥ쿴ǴѪѾϴˣҲλãϵȷźܶʯѪжʯҲϡ档
Ҷ̾ܺãԵֳ쿴ְ참ȷܲ
ڨڨЦˣܸˡ
ȻʯͷѪ˵ʲôߵڵϣȻѪˣ
ġҶֳûбĿ֤ˣԼʯͷʱǱͷӳȥģԼҲûпʯͷǲ˶Է

Ȼû֤ӳȥʯͷǷ˶Էƾʲô˵ƹǱӳȥʯͷͷأ
ģǸƹôģѲԼˤģ
Ϊʲôǣ
˶һ㶣Ƭ̣ʣΪԼˤģ
ǣҶܿ϶صͷʬ߱ӳѪʣʯͷ̫ѨӻѪ𣿡
ҡҡͷӦòɡ
ţĿв˺࣬ʣʯͷ̫Ѩ沿Ĳ˺𣿡
ᡣﵹǿԿ϶ġ
ҶЩ˺ôģϵĿڹǰĿ֤˵֤֤һֱֻǶܣûκλ֡ԣЩ˺ۿ϶ɵģֻһֿܣǾǵʱײʯ·ɵģ
԰ϵʯͷ֮ˤڵأҲɰ
һҶﰵԵͷŮ˵Ҳǲԣϵǲˣ֪ʲôǲ𣿲˾ǰ˵γɵһĦˡͷʯͷУӦˤŶԣٲҲǾ͵ǰ˵ġ
𣿡ԴųȻŮĥһ£Ҳмֵ
ҶֵɶӳѪһ˵沿ǰˤγɵİҪʯͷǰУǲǰˤ˵ӺݵġϵһʯͷûдߣԼǰˤͷײ̫Ѩϣˡ
̫ˣ˶ЩһʱӦ
ҶȻ
Ȼ֪ʱҪֵ֧ģҾִµķǳе˰ʬֳ죬ȫǺϣû֤֤ϵʯͷġԣӦ϶߸ƹԼˤ
ǡﻹǾЩԾֲ֪ﲻԾ
Ȼһ£ƹʲôˣŸƭ˼ҽǮ˼ĸΪ˻ծǿ˼ҹŮծ檣ֶ๼˵
Ҳǣͷûִ£ҲͬĿƹˤģϵʯͷġ
ҶһǳаϽЦҲִԼǡˤģǱġ
ҶȻдʱ
ǣӦ첽ˡ
󣬳аҶղŵķдʣ϶ƹ⣬ԼˤײʯͷˣҲвǶɱ׷ĹɱͲˣֻͼдͽ̡ǻУǲ֪Ҷ˹ؼãǸмϲԣм͢
֮ЯԶ磬ճɾ
汨һӣͬ漰Թġģһ檶ˣǳĶӹúúõģǿϱС檲˳ۣǿȶ檡ӷǳТ˳Υĸ׵ֻΥˡһͥɢΪ˼ӺͰ檣֮£һʱ벻ϵˡ
ӺС檵֪֮󣬷ǳģһż죬Ų׼ǽţ֮¶ʱ񣬺ҪţȻԼȥɷޡŵĲӵʱ򣬱Ťš϶ͼıɱʷĸףȻδóѣաɡĹ涨дǧ
˶ûкԩֻûɱš˵˰źԩģ˵ֻһʱҪᴦҪ̣ŮӣҪǱŵֻ»ɵġΪ˺ԩҲΪ¼ˣа⴦άԭС
͵ҶͳȻ˻㱨˲֮šɡһָһ˵ûдȻСϱֵͬ飬ǣҲ˾ͿԭıɱŰ·ϣǿɡдúޡıɱʷ֮游ĸĸߣǧߣʡɱߣնԣСϱıɱţǾͱд̵ģûд
ƳıɱִԤıɱˣǺıɱˣҲ˵Ϲͬ˼
ȻҲڷɡһ£ǣעдǡʷνļޡ˵ʷɷ˵ӲһǣɷʱСϱѾˡҲ˵ѾɷҵˣˣɡϹ涨ֶϱıɱʷĸ׵βͬһġ
ôܣ۵ɷˣǲǹʷɱǰţǾıɱʷĸĸһȫһ
ԣȻҲãʷֻɷ֮ӣ֮
ôҾþͰˣ
һһֺҶúЦʵһ֮ġ顷ѾȷĹ涨룬ͬˣ롮ʷ֮ޡˣʷֻڷ޹ϵڼ䣬ɷ޻˫ЭɷԣȻ˵ǶԵġֻ涨ڻûУҶһʱò̫˵˵
Ҷ룬ϱ㱻ɷˡ
ߣɷңˣ
ǴȷСϱ㡣
ðɣ˵
СϱѾɷˣټ磬ǰҷıҪ㣬ͷԩԩ


229 ƽ
ǵȻԩҶˣѾǼҵˣƾʲôҪңҼǵǰıҲ˵Ѿݣзıûݵӡ
Ҷ԰ıﲻѾ޵ӣԭΪѾзҵˣԲ
û
Ȼ޾˵зҵˣͬСϱѾˣҲͲзҵˣ԰ɣ
ЩҶ˵ʲôˣԥƬ̣ͷ
ȻһˣǰţҲͲϱϵˡ
˼˵ϾŰ
˵µģáһ̸ˣĸߵĹϵȫϾˣвТľٶҲɲТ԰ɣ
š룬ڻǵͷģðɣ˵˺ˡСϱİӣáɡ涨ΪɷʱѾˣǼûйϵˡıɱ⸾ˣҲıɱʷĸסӸô죿
Ȼһ˵ıɱ˵ţˡɡеһƪָţдģıɱߣͽꡣߣʣ涨Ӧдͽꡣ
ͽֻǧһȡǣ÷뿪磬Ѿ˵ļԸˡ
ǳаҲͬǵĹ۵㣬Ͻ²дʣҶǩͺʷ˸С
ߵ¼֮һ˼ǰУ¼֮󣬽ݣؽ¼
˲İӡ
һִ˿˼ģȴڹŴΪԴ
ģ游ͬΪɱѾд̡ǻʵεǻʱ£̷ȫ⡣һǨƵصȥܿҵĳԹǵطϵһԣ֮ɽֺƫƧҲæű飬ûжǨơһʵͽˣ£֪ûǨƣȴҲû֨ûеȥ淢
ֱз廹ڴﲢûǨƵȥһǿн͵ǧ֮ӣ׼ٻع硣ͬʱ֪ûǨƣûи淢ǣžдͽꡣ
úԩôҵ游ɱˣ׷ⱻûǨƣҪҵǺԩ
а֮Ҳ̫ԩˣʵͽҲͦУо
˳аͳȻֿʼִ
Ȼ֪ɱԼ游˻ڴûаչ涨Ǩƣȴûи淢һֲТı֣ɡ涨úף游ĸĸΪɱ˽ߣǧףͽ롣£ݼһȡܲߣ׼ۡ䲻˽֪ͣɱףʮղߣȡӦðղ淢ȣдͽꡣû
šɡһֱĥΣ˵ִ֮ﷸûǨƣܺ˼֪ȴûи淢ɡûй涨Ȼûй涨ͲӦﰡ
ȻȻûȷ涨ǣԴһƳһѾ涨ˣ֪ɱףʮղߣȡ֪ڰ֮ǰǰ֮Ҳû˵֪֮ԷûǨƶûоٱȵԭ򣬿һ
Уǰ۶˵˷Ĺ涨Ϊô˵أҾⲻ
ȻҶǻִкˣ¼վߡ˵գڴҶҶһ֧ԼģǰһⲻΪˣΪжڶԷɵоԼжȷġ
ҶʵҲ֪ȻжǶԵģΪġ顷Ѿȷ涨Ȼ˵һǶȿӦֳ֧ȻǣִȻ֪ɱԼ游ĳûаչ涨ǨƵȥӣȷΥ£ҲֻΥµĲ棬ӦƲõĵزΪûи淢ͱ̣Ҷķɹܽܵġ
ˣȨ֮󣬻ǾӦðԼĵͷɹӡ
ǣûְ֧ɱȷĳȻĹ۵㣬΢ЦŵҲ˵еȻûĹ涨ǲӦΪá
ǳ⣬ҶСִ»мֱµġ
ȻԼĶ䣺ִ£涨ǿȵİ֪ɱԼ游Ǳˣûа涨Ǩƣȴûи淢Σ֪ɱԼ游ûи淢
ȻϲؽţҶ΢Цûв廰һֱ˵ˣҶǾ仰Ҿ˵ǶԵġ
Ȼýġɡصˤϡ
ߵߣЦȻǰ඼ˣһξҲһ£С
ⲻС⣡ǰ참참ԾǶԣǴܽġ
һ֤˰ִ¶˵ˣϿɵľͨɵĸ˰
ߣȻݺݵҶһۣˣȥЪϢȥˣоˣ˵ţŻصԼķ䡣
ƲƲ죺湻СģˣҲˣȥһᡣ˵գҲߡ
ҶǺãҶϢʱǼ
ãʱҡ
ǳаҶ֪ô졣ҶΪĿǰûй涨Ϊԣǲﴦĺá
ǣȥĹдʣٱ͹
֮ҶѷŹϣ򿪴ǵĺһ¸ǽû˿ȻĴãƬ̣ˣȻվ
ҶЦЦѹҽ˰˵գתװҪߡ
վסȻһ䣬ÿӡ
Ҷ˴ѴϣҪȥȻһŤ˿ȥ
ҶӺ汧סӨ͸ĶϴȻתȭصشʵϡ
Ӵıɱ׷򰡣Ҷװź۵ӽе
ôҾͲôģ˵ΪʲôҪԸﷸҲҪĻģΪʲôȻһ˵ţһ÷ȭ
Ҷץס󣬽ڻСԹԳԴˣˣҲΪֺҪֺãҲֺֻСȻһˡ
ȻһЦˣһ£˵˵ǲǶԵģ
ǣ
㲻֧ҷֺ֧ʲô
ֻǾãְӼȻûзĹ涨ֺαô棿үүɱѾܵ˾ϵĴˣҪΪϵ׷Σд̫ųһԣٱֻҲǺ屨Ĳ游ԣܷŹͷŹˡ˵ĺãģǻãҪΪԭ÷ɣʵֹƽΪ򣬾ͿˡշɵĹ涨ʧȥƽ壬ô÷ɵʱ򡣡
ȻĥһᣬԭŵչˣֱסĲӣˡǶԵġ˵գǡ

ԹΪسǣûʲôģȻҶҪ͵͵˽ģԳԹԻطЪϢ
Ҷǲϰ߳극Żŵģţ׼ڽɢɢʱٻȥȳȻᡣ
سǺСֿ֮ˣѾûжˡ
ͻȻ˸ϤӽֱߵһҾƵ괫˳Ȼ㷢ͷԣͰ̶İ죬ùʲô
̫ϤˣȻǶλħͷķУ
ţ
ҶʶתȥȻķھƵһԣڸһСֵ˵ƺоҶĿ⣬ת˹ֻһİƺҳԵģĿѾˣڿƵλתȥǡ
ҶанңԼͲͿĨû⺣ķм棬ֻҪ˵ضԷ첻Լ
˽ȥ˺ķк治ԶһӱߣСкʳʲôҶ˵ǰǱɤ˵ģβãԷָָֻǽϹŵʳϵĴ档СҲϰ˶˵ߣҲô֣ͷĳһɤӣһλ
Ҷ潥谵Ľֵ۽ǵעźķǣŶš
˵ǳᣬҶǿֻǰӵħͷʦҪɹʦ㶼Ѿ˵ˣɹĸˣʣµĶھǰħͷƫƫţ̫Ϊ˲ɣ


230 ѩ
ķ̾һ书ͱҸߣ̫أҪûкϦʦæֻĺѡµĵǶ׼𣿡
׼ˣʵڲУֻȺŹ
ţܲò򡣾˵ħͷŶͳ͢õˡϾħͷǡ
ǣħͷҪţֻˣһ˵ûҪġ룬ʵʦ㣬˵ɹ᲻Ϳ߰ʲôߣ
ܣСӿ϶Ѿǳɽ緢ˡﶼûӳСӾǿҲûãɣ⼸ȸٳǼСǱǵĻѰҹǳ˹ûиһ𣬶ңɹƺߣҲǵõɹӣͷɥġ
᲻ųȻСأ
ǲǸոٵҪ̽ʱ򣬾ħͷ𣿻ûü鿴Сˣۿϼһﶼɽ˳죬˷ǳֱ̣ӾͰˣǳ˹ӵˣ
ǰǿ϶ġ
ķֵţõĸɹһɽˡʣµɹǳ˹˵ǼٻɹͺܿڳȻСסˣȻǧ˵©ˣħͷ֪ɹп֪ŮӾСس
İɣʦ㣬һؿƿġ
˵ŻǵľƲ˾ˣҲûгԾƣֻǳԷһᣬҶҲˣѾԹˣԳԵĺ
ķȴԵĺܿ죬֮š
ҶǵĻԭϱ̬ΪɹڳȻҪ鷳ˡУȥǸķĴħͷ˭ѾǴħͷˣѵбħͷ
ҶҲʣųķߣԶԶظţһ·ߡ
Сس̫ƽʢʱڣǲسŵģҲûʲôسǹ٣ҹɽһ·˳ǣһ·֮󣬿ʼɽ
ҶҸֻ̫ԶԶظš
ѾˣﶼյλεġСɽҶ¹⣬ͻȻ֣ǰˣֻǰӺϦһˣķȴˡ
һֻصִĲݴ̽һѨ
Ҷȫ󱻱סˡǰ˺ķݣ˭ΪʲôҪǣ
Ҷܺڣǵ͹˺ķħͷͣǺųƶ޵ֵĳ֣ԼȻǿȴħͷǰ֪кͯһ㡣
Ҷһ仰û˵ıԷϳǿɾͲˡ
ķЦܺã㲻Ը˵ǰɣУûոĥߴһ㡣Ҫǲ˵֪
˵գҶؿڲһָڲݴŷϵǺϦߡ
Ϧʦ㣬ʲôˣ
ŵģһѶ
ãϦһԶˣˡ
ţϽռƻ¡
Ϧɽߵ
Ƭֻ̣ԶǸһ㣬ɳ۶һӰ˽ǰͣסˣȴһ
ҶڲݴѨ㣬ãǣһҫ£ȴûܵʲôӰ죬͸ϡĲݴԣܿ棬ֻŮһۣһĵĽ˫֣Եǰ˫ı¹毺õݺ̵һ㣬һİɫ멣ɽ紵£졣
ķеѩʦ㣬Ѿ˵úˣ㲻ҪΣ
ҶЩڣųȻô죬ôһЩʲôģʲôѩ֪ʲôӺķжôɵĽλӦòλķУҲһֻôôأӱԼ˶١
ѩᣬ崺һķУıȻɹֻѾɽҲ㺣ķڣ˭ܵõɹԣ⻰ƭҡ
ķпЦҶ˵ˣظһ飺ʱиʲôɵĻСӳ֣Ȼ书һǴǿҲǿʴĺˮҲСĵúˮʴһֻֻаء˺أĶ֣СƫƫֲǿʴĺˮǵųȻŮ˵ǵ֮󣬱㷢ǿҵֻӳ˻ɽڡǻɽŨҵǺ˵Ị̇ɹˡ˺üɢ֮˶䣬ʼɱһǻɽ緢İ۵µġ
ҶһݣѹֳǱôײбԭɽ緢İùΪʲôԼȻȴûʲô仯أת˼£ˣ϶ǳԵɹйءɹΰٲȻҲܵɽİֺ
ķн˵ȷ˴ɹСϳɡҵʱǵõĸɹ֮ߣǱ׷ϣΪˣصвɹǿˡҵɣȥʣµɹ˵ɹȥʱ򣬺ˮ֪ôľѾɺˣͻȻַ˻ɽ緢ĳȵֱӳ嵽ˣҲû˳ԣǾŸɹеӦڳ͢ĳӵҪô͸Żɽ緢ɹˡһûСҷġ
ѩţûд˵һֱȵ˵꣬ϸȻɹСûɹԵĸ˵ɹѾɹСӳɹСģ㣬ǼоǳȻŮûиһݣҪǡҰѹǣҲй۲ȷɹϡͳȻǸһɹģ̫ܰɹŮϡͬʱҰй۲죬ƺûеõɹļ󡣻뿪ɹģǣֻ㣬ûУǾֻпˡοȻѾˣ벻뿪ɹ㻹˭бµõɹԣô˵ɹ
ķһ̯㣬ûУ㲻žˡ
ѩʱΪһǳҪ鵢ˣûȥɹѾˣ˭õɹҶҪõķУҲȫҪֻҪһмáҲǰҪģʥƷɵǱйٱס㽻Σ
ķð̰ɫ
ɫѩ׽סˣӦҲ֪Ȿйٱ׵ǵһ֦йٱʣ޵ֶܵʥƷµġ󣬿ɹɣ
ķе̰֮ɫϨɬɬ˵ˣǶĲҪȻǸյĲ
ܺķжֿڷˣǻûѩš̾һûиõĶ㽻ˣȻ㻹Ը⣬ֻǿˡܱǸɹұõ
ķеͫһ㣬ǿѩΪԶˣ
ѩ̾һ֪书Ҳ࣬ǣΪǸֻһˡСģ
ѩ֣ҹ¾ȻƮһѩɫѩֻǣЩѩǴƮģǴѩзɳһķźķȥǷһ֣ԶҶеһĺ⣬ԭȵҹҲʱ
һķɫ΢䣬зЦ˫ǰһףһ䵶ģӭɫȥڿײ
أ
ɾ޴ײɢǿõӲݳ㵹һƬ·ɳ
ѩһ㣬ڿն˲͵˺ķеǱ䵶𿪵ɫһصѩģһ³ķеĺԡķе䵶ҲӰΣ󣬶ķеѾŤת㿪ҪжϷ
ȴҲһΪ䵶ɳ۶ķе˫硣ķƺ֪ıһź󷭣˹ȥ
˵Ķǿ磬ҶĿ񣬻濴ιеġǿĶԹҶ࣬ԼǰС⺣ķУ벻书Ȼ֮ߡ
˵Ŀ칥˽һٷĹѩ˵һ䣺СˣҵķҪչˣ
䣬зڿնͬʱâէ֣˫Ŀɱӡ
ķ֪ãˣ䵶ûһĵܣ뵲סǹ͸롣
ǿзͻȻâʢһХһ㣬͸˵ܣӺķмͷһ
ת˲䣬âʧˣ»ָ˺ڰ
ķĺ˼վסͷɢңӺǱҶĿѾ˸ղŷһѾ˺ķе磬һ߳Ѫ۳֣һֱ쵽ֱۣѪ߿Ѫð
ķдһһһŻȻ鴫
ѩ˿ûб仯ƺһսûô仯Ӧ֪ղţѾˡȻĸ첲Ѿϡ


231 
ķһڣޣǳ֮ΣˣһֻѾϣҪȻȻĶ֣׾˵ң
ǸΪɹֻ֮ܳΣڣԸ⽻ɹ𣿡
ķЦˣԭڱҶǿʴĺˮ˵֮䣬ҲüЦͬһ̶
ХɽĴʮӰеѩȥ
ȻѩоŻٴڣڿڽûĹӰЩеıУոǹӰȥһʱ䶡Ĵ죬ɽд
Ż뿪ѩĽӹһ˵壬ǺҽУͷ­Ѫ壬ʬ漴ء
ɫľŻһ㣬ں˼תҽѪ˵Ĳȱ֫쳹ɽ͡
ת֮䣬еĺͳͳʬ͵أͷ룬ǿƶǣ״ҡ
ҶȻЩˣΪʲôŮֽѩȻѪ
ѩȻǾŻֻص˿ҶˣȴɾŸԵıƽɫԲһջһ𣬱һԲ
һɱʮˣѩǹžڣ԰Ѷó𣿡
ķЦˣЦ˵⣬ץסèͷӥ
Ҷоһ˿ԣĿⷢѩһʬ΢΢һ£Ȼ΢ȴǱҶˣ漴֣ǾʬΣǳǰķһǸֵʦܡ
ãװ͵Ϯ
ҶҲ룬еСĽ£
ѩк죬𣬵ǻһһֻűǺϦӺס
ͬʱķһ˳䵶ͷѩͷ­£ϦʩչˤӼסѩá
䵶˺ѿռļХѩͷʱ򣬱ѩеķײ£ϦͻȻ˫ȵɣѩĺ󱳡ѩ޷ܣָֻ񵲡
أѩһף±סԼһֻŵ⺣ϦȻҲһķ书µǿУ
ʱڰУķеѾϢӡѩСϡ
ѩ͵һзͻȻâʢƶ͸ҫ⣬ķеš
һâٶ̫죬ķֻüһͷâɨظ˶һֻ壬ȥ˴룬Ѫɽһ
Ϧٴηȣѩĺ󱳡
ˣ
ѩһƺߣǿĳ˺ϦĿƣҶߡʱһѪ̽ץסҶιؽ˸˲ʧҹĻɽ¡
ķǰȫѪٵ˼ѨͷԼԭǰ˵˫壬ѾһƽȥЪ˹ţ׷ҵƣ϶ǳĺûᣬһҪץҪ
ӰźϦͺķУѩʧķشܶȥ

ҶѨ㣬ãѩſ񱼣ֻ߿ХѩṦԼǿȴҲԶԶ硣Ҷ̾
ܿ죬Ǳ㵽Сɽ£ѩվסˣţƺԥóȥ
ҶԼȥԼסĿջղѾ˵ˣǶѰͳȻԱȷɹǲϡǲҪΪáûп
ѩҶ˳ڴСﴩСܿ죬һլԺƻԻͣӣľȻŮЦŮкҶ֪һ¥
ѩôԼ¥ˣ
ѩҶһŵƵӺ󴰣ְ̧ڴϣʩչĴ˨Ϣضˡƿ롣ڵضɽҡս󴲵ﴫŮӵ˽кӴصĺ
ѩϴҶһһҶѨҶоһ𣬱յѨѾϤ⿪
ѩһѪ³ȫص£ҶϽһѽסڵϡ
˿̣ŮƺʲôÿʣûȿѾҶ˹ȥ
ҶȥĳŮڴ£Ȼѩ𣬷˴ϣԼҲȥʷ¡
ѩǹѪ˿ɣ죬Ҷ߸ߵظͣ
Ҷͷʣǰôˣûܰæģ
ѩϢԽԽ٣ȴ˷ܡҶЩĪѪˣ˵˺أôӣҪŮƵģ
Īǡ
ո뵽ѩͻȻһ֣һץס죬ǰ
ʲôҶϽֳ˫ϣ˵
ѩһ˫Ŀ·ҪγˮҶ촽ȾѪøӵĽޡ
ҶʹһĭѵذĿǻһĺ촽ƿɬɬȱɲҡðʥ࡭
⻰˵ҪȻȵѩˣȻɱԼġ
ѩ־һɣۣ·˺ܴŬŰҶƿҡġơ
ƣҶˣɹķҲ׼ԼôһһԼȡסˣգԵʱԼûơʱ򣬺ķҲ˵Լգ·׷Ůܡѵڡ
ѩѩѾʼ˺Լ·Ƭѩ׵̻¶ǰҶϽתͷǰ侲Ҫư
ѩȴ˻ҿƲסˡ㡭Ҫơɶҡ񡭡Ȼҡɱ㣡
ҶЦҰɣ
ááҡ
˵Ҷ֪жѩȳһֶסɲѨԼķѾѩøƵġ
ҶʱѩƴƣȵˣѩһкȫûڴϷתţ˵ţҪ
Ҷץ˺õ·Ȼϥ۾
ǣ粻ֹûãѩ춯Ҷ۾һʱһ
ֻѩԭĿѾѪ˿ƯҲΪʹŤˣڸһغš
ѵеʲôƣҪݺٲУҪȻͻѪܱѶ
ҶϽĲûʣѩѾϢ˵ҪҪ㡭죡Ȼһġˡ
Ҷ룺ҪǸ㣬һġǲô죿
ѩҵķѾսļЩԥҪҪ⿪ʱѩŵһֲֻ֪ôľȻѳһ̽סĲӣ˻ס̰˱š
ѩǴϵѪȣĴ̼Ҷִ̼֮£ֱƳȴӡʵ˫ϡܸоҪĳˡٲֻ±ΪĶٶͣ
Ҷһɻע룬סǿġ
ʱѩеһƬ书߾ֻǺķеĹ£޷ȡ곤Ƶ˿̣оҶעȻԼĻҪǿԼ룬ϳǿϢ£
Ҷ⣬ԴԴֻһٷĹѩ㽫ںķеȫȥˡ
Ҷһ֪ô򵥣õô
ѩҲһǼˡ
Ҷȱôˣ
ҡûˡѩͷԼлл㣡
Ҷʣһӣ涼Ů˵·һЩȻģûдȡһ׵ݽǰ·ɡ
ţѩӹƬ̣˵һ䣺ˣ
Ҷʣѩ
ѩѾ·ϥҺ󱳱һţ˺أѡұںķҵ֮ǰָҪˡһҪ˴ң
ѩĻһֲɷ˵˵գ˫Ŀʼ붨Ϣ
Ҷ̬Щ㬵ģӾͲ̬Ⱥõ㣿˵˼ҾԼȣҪǰûаԼ뿪ɽԼѾ˺ķеϱ̬ԻԼġԣҲһһǷ
ôһ룬ҶҲƽˣҲĶ¥еûʲôصġ
ǣոչȥûжãҶоһֲԣһֽ
ãҶľķд˿϶ҵˡ
ҶͷһѩȻûκηӦһƵġҶת˼£´һ¥Ů˳ˮˡ
Ůת㿴һӣһλεļ⵶ŵҪУҶһס졣


232 
Ҷذ׼ϣţǽϵĺú׷ɱҪǹԹƭңͣҪȻӿǲ׵ӽȥ쵶ӳûУ
Ůŵû£ͷӢһӢ۵ġ
д
ǰ
ܺãҶǮһӵݸţǶ𣬸ɵúãһˣһ
¥ֻسģαȽϵͣƽĹ˿ͣ϶ǸͭǮһƽϣû˳־͸ģһӣ൱룬οԷӦ˰֮ôһһο׬һģɵĻŭţϽӹӣҲ˺ˣæصͷүôҾô׼⣡
ãҶǽѾ࣬߹ˣһ棬棬ǼװһҪͶ룬ǳҪ£ϷؼܰҺѱ¶סˣ
סˣþ糾ҲǼģʲôﶼʶҲơ°ڴ棬Ҷһᣣһ൲ϥѩȻԼ££ͷŴţҶûѿӣ֪˼ҲԼǸ֪ȤؿϣȴſţӸŶ˵ҶϷ
Ƭ̣Ѿ˽Ҷʹһɫʼŵʶ﷢˵˽УͷƮȥסҶ沿
ҶҲŴڴﲻɲغؽš
ʱ۵һײˣ˺üӣһУֱһ˶ķ¶˳ƺסˣֻǾֵǡԸеһ࣬ʱǼ׳Ŀסˡ
һӹһˮһ˵ҪҪŪһ£
ż˫ֱסǰι˭ι裡깫˰л˰
һĽʲôүˣǵģתǰ˵ĺһţҲҸõطķе鶼ܵģߣ
ѷŻˡ
ֽźߺ˽
ҶЩ˵ĽŲԶƿ˴ŮӵЩɫر˽УȥŪҪϷ
Ҷ£ȡһӣݸϲؽӹڴµİתҪ˵Ҷһںԣʱֻ˹ȥ
Ҷ£صϣʣѩһۡղô󶯾ôɫ㣬ȻûκηӦǵġ
֪˶ãѩ۾һˣķУʣһһ
ĿҶϣʲô֣ʦ˭
ҶҡҽвɡʦһɽҰϵ˵䣬Ҳ֪
ҶǶɹֻѾעĿˣԲ˵һգжˡʦûУſں˵
ѩͷǿƺʲô书԰ɣ
ҶЩ˼ͷ
ѩӦøһرӻȡһСӣݸҶһǳ书йٱףչزܴˣҾ;֮ղҲûг֮Σ׼Կܳ٣ı¡
Ҷӹһֻۣ׭дšйٱס֣һǰɽϣѩ˵ҪⱾйٱ׽ķеɹķ̰ĿѾҶԺ˵ⲿйٱ׷ǳ˵ˡ
ѩֵйٱʷֻУÿһб仯رϢתһտ㲻Ҫ̰࣬ѧһеʽ͹һˡ
Ҷտʼ˵ֻУʱһϲ棬ֲɿЦһǽп಻ֻƪСͼΣϸֽ˵ܶ඼Ƿǳ±ŤĿھ·һ£ҪǱرЩûʲô߼Ŀھûһֻ¸Сʮ֣໹һʱܼסһҳֽݾͲˡ
Ů˵úйٱ׸ҿһôӵйٱףǿһҲδһܿʲôأһ飬㡣ĸ֣ǷԼһ飬һҪá
ǣҶйٱ˻ѩлǰ⣬йٱ̫ˣҿһʱδʲôԣǲ˰ɡ˵ˣҰҹһϣʵûо
ѩǲһۣ֮ҾҪˡ
ҶһתҪʲôʱпݣʱٸҿһʱˡΣ
⵽Ҳԣһסݾ¥õ㡣㵽ʱңҲڹ̨ĵַȥ㡣
С
ѩ룬ɣһ书ᣬʵ˵ģҲôõһȭȭȭҶŮҵȭʵʩչܴһơȭֻ࣬жʮһУʽҲӣһְȴǳ֪ģǾγһֲݽİһ̫ǿֻΪˣи˷ĵڶǿγɵĵԽǿֲεĹ͸࣬ԽԽǿڵֻʩչεĵݽǿңӦÿʩչࡣԸѧ𣿡
Ҷʵǲ̫ԸѧŮ˵ȭģô˵ͦ˼æͷðǰ̵ȭһǺܺõġ
£ѩҶȭȭ࣬ؼϢСʱҶѾѧˡ
ѧ֮ѩƮȻȥ
ҶȷѾ뿪Ҳûкķе֮Żص˿ջ
Ϊ֪ķкѩᰵ̽鳤ȻûɹҶˣ󣬹Ȼб̽ĺۼҶЩȻԼѾˣȴûзֺķкѩʲôʱ̽˳书ǳ
Ǽǰ¼һգҶӵ˽ģ˱ݡ
Ҷӵ⹫֮Щ죬СôżԼϻȥʲôͳȻ֮󣬶ŮҲҪһȥǲμ¼ԭͼ棬ЩʸѾûˣҶֲڣȻҲͲٸȥҪҶһݡ
ʷ˵֮󣬺ʷȻûģ˼¼ҶȻźͻӵı£صݡΪ㡷ѾˣҲԸס㡵ס˱ݵլԺ
Ҷݼ˱ݡ˱洺磬к£ϲϵܰ
ϲӺҶѧϷ̨ϵӻһ䡣
˱óһݹĵݸҶϵ֪ܿˡ
ҶӹһȻһݵԼݴ󶼶ʷִµδԪִܵ¡
ǴƷĸ߹٣൱߷ԺԺҶȥһ˵飬λԪҶҲ֪һμˡ顷ı׫ҲһλĹŴѧҡ
˱ݵҸ˵ϲ£ΪҪγΪִ£ΪǳġȻҪΪĹͣǸĽֻͣһִ£ǲİҲ˵˳ӡ
Ҷæֵǰлҵࡣ
ţúøɣɳɼ֮󣬳϶һġ㰲ٺ̰֮ɡҪ쵽λҲҪؾǣǾһȥɡ
ҶӦˣǳſڼ˳Ȼ˷ܣ΢Цִ£е㣬һ𣿡
ȻԡҶųȻԺӣȻʹӶȥϷţСһ˽Ļ˵ˣҪǴµִˣ̫ˣһ˵ȥүү˵ءˣɲ³𣿡
Ҷ˵§СҲܸˣܸһˡ
ţȥ׺òã
ִֻ£үү͸ײӦ޸һִµġ
ǡ˵Ȼҧ촽ϼֹ
ҶкܶҪ죬ܵ󣬱ǳʱڳĺĺǲ˵𣿵ҵгɣףòãʱ䲻̫õġҪŻȥ飬һǾͳˡ
ðɣǻȥ˵Ͻȥİɡ
´Ƭ̣ҶŸ뿪
صңһ˵÷Ƕǳˡܿϼ˵ߵô죿ոɫѾʼͶʳ¥׵ľ¥ܻ𱬣ΪҶ˵Ļ֮һ˺ܶനˣܵ˼Ļӭܿϼ׼⣬һߣˡ
Ҷ˱Ҿǣ͵öǻ°տߵ⣬ȵھվȽŸ֮ٽǽ
֮󣬶Ҳֻ취ˡ


233 
ڳ÷ѾæŸҶ׼ҵʱҶԼԽʱֻݿջѩ
벻ѩȻڿջֻЩƣ
ѩûżóйٱףǶҶҵ˺ķкʦܣǷֿʱҰ͵Ϯ˺ķеһֻ飬ʦܺϦȻӵˣҲǱһ𡣿ϧϵɹûеõʱҲ֪ȥˣҪҵȡɹҪȻ
ҶʵǰôżҪɹʲô𣿡
ѩ̾һȹҵ˵Ҳ޷Ҷˣ
ʮ
Ѿʮˣ
Ҷ۾ԲˣһԹԣҿûиݺ٣ҪȻȥ˵Լһʮ̫ȦȦ棬ǲЦȴһ֮ı飺һ㶼Ϊǰĳ书𣿡
ǡѩͷͯһֹұգǣֹм޵ģĿǰ⹦Ѿ˼ޣҪŪɹһЧþͻ̫ţҹò˼꣬ͻԣұҵɹҵĹռ䡣ͬʱ˵ɹղϡԤҵĹ໹һ¾͵ˡұһҵɹҪȻ
ѩһ뵽Լ̬ӣʧǲ
ҶĸɹɲԸóһλ̫űסഺɹȻĹø־ҪڵϣϡȻŮ˵ΪһСǶҶ˵ֵ̫ˡҶûнǻ
ѩΣóйٱ׵ݸҶԿһʱ
ãллҶӹߵмԲǰ£ѩһҳһҳѩȻڿϣԼ¡
ҶѾֻܴˣϢһйٱÿһҳ¼ֻ˲ʮӡ¼֮ϽֻرաȻתһйٱֻѩ
ѩЩ֣㲻ˣ
ҶЦ״ҿ̫ˡѧⶫǲѧ˰ɡ
ѩӹйٱףԥһ£Ȿйٱ̫ˣܽҶһʱΪһʱҶӦÿѧһУҲģһһֱѾвˡ벻ҶֻôһСͲˣ֪ôˡ
ѩʦѵ׾ʷԼҲᣬҪȻҿֱӽһС㲻ѧα֮
ҶЦЦǰùһǰѾ̻һȭѾǱˡ
Ҷ֪Խô˵ѩԽԼô
ȻѩԥƬ̣ľǱ뱨ġȻ㲻ѧйٱʷֽҶȭʩչȭһ֪ҽ̵ģ϶ǵĹϵҪҾɺˡҿΪͽֻǣҾˣɣҾʹʦΪͽˣʦܡԸ𣿡
ҶȻܾһŮҪȻŮѾʮ꣬ϸʮûʲôЦȻﻹܾܾ㹪вԸĵлʦ㣡
ѩֵҪѧйٱʷˡڲѧá˵գԼıУŻϣɾͽšʦᣬѾȥˡнйٱʷʥƷɡŻʦҵġߵ൱ߵʦˡ
ҶϽ۹򵹣˼ͷվʵΪʲôžͲѧйٱʷ
漰ʦйٱʷ˷Ʒ֮ĶԹԺ˵ʦˣϰƷɵ书ҴⱾйٱףȴһֱûϰ
ŶҶ룬Īһ򰮳ɳԵԼѧǲѧأ
ͷôһתѾ¶⣬ѧɵϣƷɲǺн¶书϶ģйٱײѧǲʦĹأʦˣԼ涼ûαѭѵ˱ѧʱʱҪѾˣȻҪѧģ͵͵ѧʦ֪ǡ
ѩɲ֪Դתͷ֣ˣˣҲڹ¹µϡҵҲͰˣҵĹһֻ±ʱҲˡ
Ҷ˵Ȼͷһȣ˵ɹԼһϵ̫ش󣬻ߣͣסˣȵȵȿ˵
ѩգգۣȡѩһССĽңݸҶ͸ɡŵĺ񡣡
ʲôҶش򿪺һɵ۾һֻһֻСȭͷСë׵ĺǿɰ
ҶЦú氡
ѩзΪǳݣøһ㡣ҷǳˣֻҪһѪԶ㣬ֻĻֻǧŪûιѪģҲ˵ûˡ
ҶϲǸñͳذ׻ָιһѪڷ촽ϡǷˣ̧ͷҶС۾תͻȻһԾҶļͷ
Ҷϲҵøȡ֣㶯ɣҾͽɷɺˡ
СԴתתƺˡ
ҶѩҸôָǳöܿˣͷͼסˣҪˣҡͷ֣ͻ᳢ԸԿ
ã
ҶӣԷɷɣ
ͷҶƺĥҶ⻰˼Ҷ˵һ飬ӡһԾɵҶĹͷҶ
ҶϽСԴǳãѩæˣҸô죿
ô˵ͿԸô˵˵ˣܴܿ죬Լˡ
ãҶָſϵһ֧ëʣɷɣëʵң
һԾڵϣϵϣϷẒ́ˮֽīɶģɷƺҶ˵ëʲôͷ
Ҷֵëʣëʸң
ǰץסһˮҶҶϽҡͷ˵һ飬˼ΣҧסëʡҶϲͷԶԣøң
ëʣԾ£صҶģëʡ
СȻҶǳˡѩʲô
ܳԵܳԡԶʱιһˡƽ˯ڽ
֮أ
ģԴһ㡣
ͦġ
Ҷŷǰ֡
ѩЦЦˣһСģԵǽȻ
˵գƮȻȥ
ҶҲŷɷɣϲظǳţص˼
˵ԼҪļ˲Ҫţ鷿˷ţóֻ¼񣬶˵һǰԺ͵ڶҳʽֽܳȻʼϰ


ǰ˵úܼ̣йٱʷȥ
ױʷйٱʷǹߺޣױʷ˷УһнСܡҪǷڶǡߴ̡Ҫǽǡߺ塱ڻǰдﵽ߾ķţҪǵϢķУʵÿһжǱ仯Ҫѭ򽥽ѧϰԾѧȻ޷ᡣرǵУǰû崿֮ǰ޷С
ڶҳǵһеʽĸֱ仯Ϣ·ߣҶдѩѧһʽҪһʱҶֻ˰ʱѧˡȻɹ
ҲֻʱʱУΪ÷ò˵ѾصĿˣڵ
ҶֻóĿжŶ椺ͻʫޣŶ椻ģʫĬԣŸ׻ƶ˵ʱʱ͵ۿҶǸڱøˣ˺һ㡣
Щ֮󣬻ʫ˶ˣó죬ʡǴ˿̣˺ܶ࣬Ҷ˵˵ĻҲǲġ
ֱ˸ǳȥҲûлᵥ˵
ҹ˾ʱҶ֣˺벻ΪᣬʽֳˡҶǳ⡣Դǧ˿ѾȻ޴棬ɵһȻôˣôˣ
ɱɱ㡣Ѿеķߺй˲٣û书Ҳû˱˼ЩоҵĽ徲ʲôԹ𣬶ṇ̀ȥˡ
ҶҲоЩȻԭѾ׵İҸʵʱ򷭹ģڣԼѱҲûϾ顣һȥ˲·ҲҲˡԣ׵İӣֻԶȥˡ
Ҷҽ㣬˵һлҪҵ˿ףҴ˿̿Ѿˡ


234 ҹֿ
ǲҵĹͣĸԵʹûҵ˿ڣҲΪɶɹѵġ
ҶȻ⺫˷ˡ
ҶһҪˡѾδִ¡ġ
û̧ͷƺʮһƺǷ˼Сġ
˵Ѿû˵ıҪˡ˶˳ĬãҶ̾һҲౣءˡ
ֻʮûš

ڶϡ
ҶҳĴˡ÷ެŮͻŮΪҶŮǰǡŮѺһ
ȻԼױӱ˱ݵ͵ļ󳵵涯ǰ
˱ݴŹԱǰͱ𣬵ȻҪΪͳȻλǧ
ϧ֮󣬲޳žǶȥ
ȻԼĴ󳵣ȴǻúöˣԶûг˳ǸŸͷڶǰ棬һ·˵Цš
ҶЦЦһ벻ͦãȻε˴ִ£ʤ𣿡
ҲܡҶ΢Цش𣬡˭ܣ
ŮһЦˣָҶѽһûмôƤˡ
Ȼæ㣬ЩǸִ¼참ҾĺϤؼԷεĶҲǳĵλҾû˵󻰣ҪɲǾûܸ
ðɡбҶ⼸ǻķϣһ䣺ˮҪǲֻôĶ֪
лѣҲģܲλ
һ䣺ʲô㲻֪пո˵Щ
Ȼæû£磬Һˡһ˵ġ
Ҷȭʩ񣺡л
֮ǽĳɽ롣
ɽѣ˼ңǶïܵɭﴩС
ΪҪ·ǴͷߵҹҲûһɽ壬ֻڻĽҰӪס¡
ȻȻҶ£ϵûйҲ֪ҶǸ˻Լĳ˹֣ҶֻܵסԼ
׼˯ʱҶȥһ㡣ҪߣͻȻԶɽµĴйֵģɵһɽôйĪ˼ң԰˼ôѡɽӣңӹԾϿӦòסĵƹ⣬֮ġ
ĳˣǵ˰ɣ
ʱ磬ҶҲô˯ȥ
һɽȥ
Сʱڵ˽ǰȻмŮΧ𴦣˵ŻԱ߷ŵУǽ֮ˡ
Ҷ룬ǰʸȶһ֦һΧļͷ˹һ˶ʲôˣ
ңԲ·ˣ𣬾͹ˡ
˵ţҶ˳ӣ⼸ˣҲϵģлиŮӣֳֵԼĪʮ߰꣬ؿŮܼô£͵͵̽˵𣿡
Ҷֻܲ·Ǹ֪ɽԭǹҵġ
㣡ĵ𡭡ŮüҪȴӰֹˣ÷񣡡ת´һ۵ҶȭǸλСֵܣҲ·¶ӪСҪҲ¶ӪģԸһ໥иӦ
÷ŮӵֲʶһҪǻô죿
һ߰Скᳶ˳÷䣺㣬һɽﲻȫһҰô죿Ҫһðɡ
СӶʲô÷һһѣСкվȣһˤ˵ϡҲһۣߵߣܵͣǱаڡ˲ʲôʧԲ˸ǵģ
˵ѾǳĵˣǻҶĶ䲶׽ˣһԭ⼸ھֵʦϸȻǼһŮŻɫŵӣԼµòĻӦþǱڵĶ
΢΢ҡͷҲǷǳͣΪҪ·
÷Ȼ뻹ǵıԶǣɽҰģ·˵Щģ򵥵ظߣһԷıǿɾʧȥһζԷıĻᡣҪʸסźһ˵ˡ
ҲϽǰһһסЦģһˣɽҰĵ治ȫǸһ߰ɣ££˵գɷ˵ȥץҶ
ǵץԼŵģҶһΣƿˣװȭʩӣллǿɾ߶ˡ
ֳҲܿˣȴǱҶɶɵöǳһ໥һۡ
ȴҶһֲûж书棬Էʹ书ҲһЩжʱһЩæʹһɫǲҪΡȻֵСֵܹգ
Сɡ
ңԭֵܣ䣬㡱ָָ÷ŮӣСŮ÷ָŴӵСкȮӣ佧ָָˡЩǼҵݣǵǰȥġ
Ҷ˸ҾˡȻ£һţݸҶûԶɣ
һԵ÷ʲôɶûдһɽҰ䣬ⲻ
ָЦ
ҶҲЦˣԭţ˼ëˡҿǣҪȻһ֪ôء
һԽŮֻ˾ضҶ˵
÷Цһ£𣿲֪жǮëӷ˴˰ɡ
ҶߵСк佧˽Ļ㣡˼û㣬·лԹûбҪô˵˰ɣ
Сƨʲô죡
佧ȴܲ죬һۡ
Ҷ΢Ц佧СԴ˵ûֻ·Ǵǡһ߰ɣ
ͣ÷
ǽҲϽ̨ߺãҹڣСġ
ŮƺЩģһۣҶλ磬Ҫһ߰ɣϣߣ԰ȫһЩ
ҶмһۣлˡһԸԵġ
ǽŮһЦˣֺҶһۡ
㷢Ҷ书һ֮󣬱ҲˣҲûд˼ҪֵܳԵ㶫߲٣
佧ȴҶ·ߣɽֵģֺڣǻúܣлҵͽ书ܸߣǣŲΣգ
÷һѽ佧һߣƨϴ˼ƣ£
佧Ҫޣȴֲҡ
ҶŨüһҪֹûгΪܴ˺ԾˡҲˣɫ΢䣬Сģ˳ˣ
ֺ÷γ˱У𣬶ڵĴ֡Ůµرһ
ڣʮӰֱ˷Χ˹Ϊ׵ˣֳָɫУݺݶǡһߣ㣬
Ͻֵԭɳկиλϸկֵܣһһᣬ֪ɳկôԸ
ɳկеһѵָָһԽŮ˳ؽҪֵܵϣǸҰɡģʧ˫⳥㣬һлΣ
ŮŻˣһ𣬱㣺ҪҪ
۾ɳկǱйصģرǿڣ˭ϳ߼ǮǾͰѿͳȥǽǹھֻʲôϻ죿
һԵһӶɳկô磬˵ˣǲװ˽ġǶְɡ
ĿתƵϣǽǹھƽظկӵɴûȱ˵ɾͲˡ
пЦǵǮģϻ˵Ҫǻھ⣬͸ϽԼβ·ҪǲˣҲںŮ٣ǷӵСϣʱ򣬿ɱû㣬Ů˿ǺȤģңϲµʱĥŮˣֵˣûʲôŮĻġٺ٣
˵գһഫһ׳ĺЦ÷鲻ԽתһۣʱһƤֻǺһӣӿݵģһĴεŹӣС̶۲ͣ÷ǽŮ͹µĽɨɨȥ÷һսݺݵһڡ


235 â
㵭λկȻӣҲֻӣλկ档д輸УǿʤһаƵģ뼸λʹ˰֣Σ
ɳկһʲôأʵ˵ǽɲд书ģ书κһǿ֪ñȣǣеκֻ֣¾ͲˡŮһֵܶˣ֣һֵܾܽǻһֵܸԣʱӦҪ˵ǻʮֵءˣǻһˣλ˭ɳկĿҶ
ҶЦЦҪ˵С佧˵λֻ·л⣬ԹܱҰޣ׼ء
ɳկ۾Ҷ𣿡
Ҷֻǵͷ
ʱߣһţ棬㣬ֻҪ㲻¡
ҶҲ˵߻ѱ¡
ɳկĿصϣҲǵĺֻǣұ¡ղѾߵƣ㿴ԼأҲ£˵ʵҲ£ΪŮĺȤ
·ɳկĽֺعһˮɫ÷
˳Ȼֵֻ¼ˡ
һ⻰ֺ÷Ů佧Χм䣬˱ֱֳжǼɽ
ɳկǺã˵䣬еĵɭɭĺ⣬ƺһֵڣĽŲصزŵ棬˵죬㡣
ûߵǰѾ֣ҽڵһ壬һХڿնгһƥХɳկʺ
ɳկеӭϣӲײĳ㲢Ӳһһ˲䣬âʢȻ³߳Ľâ

һǿ֮˼شӳ͸ɳկĵ
أ
ɳկһӣѪӿɳկһ⵹ÿһڵĽӡ
ǡǡ
ɳկĵײĺĵȻѿһѷ죬һ㣬쵽Уһ죬صĵϳڡ
ɳկȻĹԼҪöࡣ
£һε𣬳Ȼ϶ɳկͷɳկӵϵһ¿˿ȥ³ĽâվĵطһѺۡ
Ҷˣ⻹ǵһο³ĽâǿȻصĵһϡ
ɳկվ𣬻תķѾ˦һ㣬ݺݳĺ󱳡
ˣ
ɳկɳȥоѾѪ磬У֮һ˺üͣסһʱȻ
ӣ˶סˣһУɳկܣҰ֮ܵңЩɽһ֪Ǻá
ȷӦŭǵĻɵվŸʲô𣿻ϣģԸ㣬ԸŮֵܶԸ֡ɱ
䣬ûγɰΧͦεѾٴڿշгٴ³߳Ľâ类̫紵ĻǣųĽһĨɫ⣬򿿵Ŀĵš
ֳһüһٻ죬Ӳĳײ˲䣬ٴιâʢһ죬üӦϡ
Ĵ󾪣ٺˣ³ĽâţһĿӣȻûܿţѾѪӿ
ͿıѾˣȴرܿͬʱĳһǿľԴݿһصڵͷԼؿƵĿĵϡ
䣡
屻ػɳȥ˫ͫѾ͹ݣѵع˲վɽկޣһײĸءײޣǹǶϽۣѪز
һƻпģ
ѾסˣӲֻܿٶִ򷨱㲻ϣģнʱŮļУ۽ȥֻŮ÷ͷɢңڷĽǣȻǺߵĶ֣Ѿֻм֮ûл֮ղŲһ㱻һסŵС
˲ߣڿһת塣
Ѿղŵ£Ӳƴˡ
ʱһֵĲҽУæͷ㿴ؿһѾֵģǿ
ȣгâ䣬ɨһƬɫĻߡӹ֮ҽѪɽɽ޲أȴƮˣĽâ
㳤ջأ׷ɱһӰѾϢļٴιһŤһˣȻû˵ȴп·һӡ
ͷһݣ˲׷ɱЩޣת㿴ɳկֳһ
ɳկһлˣ֪㹦ԶԼƵĻҪöֵ࣬СģϼһûץŮͶʣ
ŭһɣɫ磬ɳկšɳկƮˣ㲻׷Լ뿪ŮͶӣǱᱻɽܣƴߡ
ǣһԹȫӲͬĵ֡ɳկ¶һĨЦһ㣬֪ɳկͷУһᣬǶԷ͵ȴʵӵһǰһ㵽ɳկǰ˸ſֲâɳկС
ɳկоһӵĽİԵٺ󳷣ĳӰΣ׷ɳկľͷ׷塣
ˣ
ɳկǰش룬Ӻ͸
ɳկ͵ǰһģȴһѽץסǣͬʱɳկƣƮƮš
еһɺɭɭϢ͸ƿӿԼڣңӡĸоɰһãԷá֪ղžӦó齣󳷣ֻǿԷһûʲôΪԷֻǴû⣬û뵽а
󳷣˺ӡһȻǰڿףðŰɫѪ
ɳկѪЦţ϶ѪȾˣؾһöѪİҵĶ׶㻹һʱǻȪ·ٴһܡ˵գض
ϽƶʱٴδŮľлֵĲҽУͻͷ㿴ְһҲˣһץס÷߳ķȣһţЦ
ȥ塣
ſ֣˿ЦϴĶ׶ֻһʱֺαżһʱ֮ǰһ㿴ŮҶҲ԰ȥˣ
ЦУŵĿ񹥣Ṧǳ˵ãȻ书ǿڶԷֻ£ȴ޷˵Է
˶˿ˣӲӲֻζ㲻ҷֽҪԼӺŮѾŵðĽŮ޷˵С
Ҷ￴ţûгֵ˼ΪԼоЩආм䣬һ书ǳǿ˴ڣҶΪֳִܸ֮ܵǿѹǣо˵λ˭ĳ֣֣ǾͿ϶·һ
ûԱİյ£ӢۣҪȻֻӢ۵ɣ˹ˡ
÷ֳֳػڸߣҵؿţ֪Ǻãܺǰûкúøѧֻ֪ױ磬ͷȴﲻϸһæ˸׵ۡ
Ҳܺڣ벻ԼڵˣôͳϸկЩɽĿˣƴҪ£˽ҲʮѡڣҲΪھֻǰ߾һ·ɽн飬ƽصҲȱЩɽڣΪöӳʶʮþȵһڣΰѶӴϡ벻һΣһɽȴˡ
Ϊ˶ʮǮΪھֵ֪ô֣㲻ˡڣԼͶпɽԣŮЩɽ衣
ԽǽԷԽ죬֧ŵƬ̣ѾоƵģᣬվˡ
ϲˣСˣ
оԼѾ첻ˣԴУΪھֶŮӵתһѱסС佧һ̱ڵصĽŮǸԲ𡭡
ɣǰɱŮ÷ںϺ
ҶҡҡͷгĽâֻǰһСˣȻж֮Ѿ޷֧šʵֻͻΧ
Ȼ˼㱻ǵסˡҧȫһƴĴ򷨣ǰϸկկûӲÿ˵·ȴǵֵƴɱһʱѪɣҽùļկȴͬʱϺ÷


236 ûѡ
÷书мκһĶ֣οĸͬʱ֡÷ţĳĻɣһֵֻţѾαץס
ŮļУתȣۼŮѾץסʱ۾ˣһȣ磬âʢץסŮ塣ͿзһУסĳ
ǣǣ
죬ȫһ֮£˵ĵֻʣ˵۱âɨΪڣѪɽҽŶϱۣĺˡ
˵ͻȫ˳ץסŮ塣ۿâҪǰȻʱˡΪ㿴ŮĲϣɭɭĵĺͿֳֵض
ſŮȻ
ȻǾͿŮԴ±У
һֱŶӣָŶˣâһš
£ֵе΢΢÷ķ۵Ĳ϶ʱֳһѪӣѪ˳ѩ׵ĲĿġ
÷˻š
㳤̾һгһڵϡõĲϣݺݴӺõһͻ˼³һѪеС佧˹ȥ˻Աߡ
佧ŵɫɷףȴûпޣֻǾֵǰһĻ
ҶСԴʾҪ¡佧תͷ˿мصͷ
žѨųţһʵһƫһӺŮһϴİҪ治ס
ڻԱߵĽŮ״ſǣǡҪʲô
ʱ򣬿Ѿ˵İ嶼ϸѲһ飬˵Һ嶼ѹˣȻŮ˵ʱⲻҪͣŮӱС
֮ûзҪĶҡҡͷ
һ䣬ߵŮǰ£ḧһŮӵŮŤͷȥЦӴĻеƢѶɣ
ʲʲôԱߵӾֵʡ
ָһǶ⣺ģװʲô⣿ɹ˵ûã
һɹ֣Ҷһ𣬵Ƥûգһ¡
üҲ֪ү˵ʲô
ž
ֳһǶ⣺ģŲӻ㣡˵գץסĲ۾ס
һѣ磬ˣֵһǮأ
ŷſִһǶ⣬ǣǲǳӺͷ޻˵ʹӣ
ǽŮһԷԼĵϸѾˣֻѵ׶༪١ӵͷǳӵŮͣǷ޻ģ˽ã֪ǲӦǵĻµģԡ
͵ɹˣ˵ɹ
ӸϽ֣Ĳ֪Ҳ֪ʲôɹֻ͵һЩ˽֪ʲôɹ
һȭȥǽ˺üţȫѪŮӵǰĲ֪˵ĶﰡǸȷΪϵȥѰģǲ˵ʹӣԵǵʱ򣬲ûдǣֻڸۿڵţǻˣʲôû˵ɹ˵ϣûеֻ֡ǴӵĴʹʹӣõɹҲ۲ǿ
ЦȻ˵ûãǻʲôô˽ӵĲϣɹҾԴһ
үĵûǶ

ŵ㵽Ѿߵı󣬿ǲϼŵӣҶֻǾذţ˵Լûá
û˵ֱӽеһϣӴпˣѪȪˮһʶɽ˱Ůϡ
ŮŵòҽУ˫ֺ趯šԼɵѪ
һѾס˽Ůӵ죬ѪܵĵӼĲϣµ˵Ҳֻ˵͸ȥ޺ˣһ
Ůŷˣֻ趯˫֣š
³֡
ЩϧؿŽŮӣֻҲ֪ʳǶʲôҪʹԵֶΡֻǶǻȡĽǮɾʤʱʲôŮ˵òûп
ۿſɱʢͻȻһӵ֪Ҫɹ
һתͷƼ˵С佧
˿жѾڰ״̬ģ˶仰һӾ˲٣˻˵
û˵ǿˡɹһط
ֻͷһɷһ˻еѾߣߵ佧ǰ£Сӣ֪͸Ͻ˵Ҫ˵ˣҵˣͷ㣬ҪȻҲɣ
佧ҧ촽ȷҵҽ㣬Ҿ͸ǡ
˶ӵĿģһֱһ￴ʲôɹ˵ֻΪ˾ԼһһЩկ֪˺ֻΪ˾ǣŭ֮£ֻµɱ˺ӵġ㼱֪Ͳ˵֪ġ
ûк˵佧һָǽŮǰϣĵİһһطΪû֪ʵʱҾʺҶˣһʲôûпҹƾҪҵĶ
Զԣһϲüңȥң
佧ҡҡͷȸҵⶾȻҵҽ㣬Ҿʹȥ
ҴӦ㣡ҵ֮ҾͷǣҴ˵㻰ģ
佧ҡͷҲţҵɱͷ컹ôˣײϸҵⶾȻǶˣҲš
ϵЦݽסˣЦСӣʵ˵ҴǶҩɽ⣡ղҲ˵ˣɱҴĵܣôֵܣҲӦõģ㣬ֻҪɹұ֤ǡô
佧СһĨʧҧһ촽ȷҵҽ㣬ûнҩȥҴ򣡡
СӣҲ̫СҴĶˣҪܽǲǹˣˣҲøϻСӣʹһ㣬ӦǲӦ
佧ᶨҡͷȷҵͽ㡣
ȻҿҪʩչһֶˣ˵գתͷ壬ʹһɫ
⣬¶һЦץס÷죬һ˺¶ѩ׵˫塣÷ļУ彫ѹ¡
÷ţֻܼеţ۶ˡ
佧з·ҪſҪ촽ŪЩ񲻰ڨЦֻҪӦϾͷŹ㣡
佧һ仰û˵ֻ
岢żŰӲϹֻ֪취ƹֻĥ÷÷ؽţܣǣȾȽ㰡
ҶԥǸصĳ֣֪ʵڲԸһ֣οҪһԼõŮˡԵ±Թ飬
ǣۿһŮ˱裬ǿжѪӡһᣬҪ֣ȴߵ佧Ѿվҽ˵仰
ԣſ÷壬˵ҪʵʵȥɹͿԵ棬Ūˣ
һ˶Ц
Ҷ佧еĮǲһӦеģԼŶЩоɭ
ſ߿֮佧ߵ˽÷ǰҵųĽ㣬㡭Բûб¾㡭
÷̧ͷҪ˵ǰһ佧һССذףһ˽̫Ѩ
÷ȫһŵܵܣ³һ֣л
漴ض
е˶ˣ벻ĺӣȻɱԼ׽㣡ҳ˹ϣûܼʱ
ݺһڣģӻݣ
ǰס죬佧ɱ㣬ΪǾûа취㣿ˣϵ
ҵжҩɾȡ佧˵Ťͷ˿ϳ鴤ŤѾɫס
ĶԭƣѨ֮Ѿ޷ƾ綾֮ۿŮɽ裬бߣ綾Ӳܿƣܿ㹥뵽࣬ת˲㵽֮ʡ
ۿŶɱ˽㣬Ȼ֪ǶΪ˱㱻裬Ϊ˱סڡŶӣڴڴŴöӣúá
ԭĹжϣܼһʱ벻ΪѨŮĹϵܿͼֲסˡ佧첽ߣסͷе˵佧Ҫǲ˵ҾͰԴ
佧һԲſ


237 ʦ
÷ë߳ŭеһӣӲһͷ­ɫѪȪһ
һѪǴĿģߵѾصҶŵ佧ǰ£еգСӣ˵ǲ˵ٲ˵һ㣡
佧ͻȻݺһĭڿϡһֱ𣬼СɵĿˮˣôһ̲úڿı䣬ֻ۾סˡ
ŭ֣ŭȣӱˣ
佧˫۱ԣһȭпš
һȭȻһ˺ѿռľһ֮Ȼ
أ
ԭԲ˶ĴԴʱﰼһ飬йֱ˺ݺݲһŵƤΪ޴ڲѹ˵һѪ˿˼ԶĵطǿѾԴȥ壬ɳȥڿУ˫ѿѪͰ׵Խڵϣ˼ͣס
˶ĿɿڴŵǲҲ̶õʬ塣һ߰꺢Ӹɵģ
佧ҶҲһֵվˣ󿴹һ佧
佧ԻԼСȭͷЩ֪롣
Ϳ廥һۣģѵСز¶ĸˣ
ͷҪǸ֣ղô֣ңŶ￪ʼҲûа취
վߵҶͻȻ֣һȭĺϡʱԴղһﰼһ飬ǰ˵һͷѿѪԽ罦ʬǰˤԶ˵ϣһ׵Ѫۡ
󱻲β͵èĶӦǳʹҶڻ˿֮ٴɱ
ָҶ㣿ԭղŸ
ղ߰һȭпܰԴһϣǵȷҶֽš佧ĺӡúãۿҪڿ£̲ס֣佧ĺģ֮ע룬佧ŵԷӳǿһȭ˽˶Ŀ
Ҷûж˵ǿҵظоǸֵѹתһץסϵ佧塣
ͻȻһվסˣΪһϤףİ֣ǰؿĿ˲
ķеʦܣѩİӡ
Ǻķеʦܣԭ书ֻԱȺķѷɫںķ֮书ѾԽĺķУѩĳֶ³˿Լϸ˵书ˣԣ
Ҷ佧Ƶһߡ۾һֱû뿪ĺϦ
ϦЦЦǸоһǿУȴ֪˭ԭ㣿벻ƾǿôʦ㺣ķץסģ
Ҷȭǰֻǿ⺢ӣų֣ҶҵɹûκȤǰŹǰɡ
ŹǣϦһ̯ɹûȤҵȷҲΪУǣϴǣֱѩǼߣ㵽˭ǲѩˣ˵ףһῼǷߡ
Ҷͷ˿ϵʬ壺ߵһʴ
ֻҺʦ㻨ǮԸһȺѣֵΪǳͷ˵ɣ㵽˭
⻰С佧۾ŭܡԭɱ׵Ԫ׺ĻָʹȻⰫֵĶʲôʦ㣬ɱˣ佧˫ĿҪ
Ҷ룬̾һȻǰˣҲ˵Ҳãûѩˣʦ㡣
ʦ㣿֪ж𣿵̶ˣ
ʮ꣡Ҷ̲˵
ϦЦһ´һҶô˵ʦܣֻôᣬҲǱ̬˰ɣ
㲻Ҫ֪ʦ˻һЩᣬȻ˫һǶְɡ
֣ϲʦӣʲȥġ
ҶŨüһҪһسӣԵȥʦԾʦԸġαԲأ
ϦЦΪô˵Ҿͻɵʦ֣ӾͲ£͵ϮӣҪأ
ѩ˵ѩǷֿʱ򣬳ˣȴ֪⺣ϦΡҲЦ˵ʦ͵Ϯô˵˵ԼҪ͵Ϯʦǰʦô͵Ϯ㣿֮֮
ˣٸҳЩϦͷ˰֣Ҫ˼Գݣ̫Ϊ㣬ֽţӣ˭㿴˽ɹ飿ȻֵʦܣȻͱСܶ࣬ȴһӿɾͲÿˣð¡аɣ
Ҫ򣿡Ҷ۾гһ졣
ϻӲʦ͵ϮӵģãʦֿˣǶԸǵĺûᡣ
ҪңʦɾͲǽ飡
Źңֻܵÿ죬Ҳѡˣ˵ˣСȶ֣
Ȼսɱ⣬Ҷ㲻˵¶Ӫĵط̫Զ޷Ԯֻоʱ䣬ϣǸԮ
Ҷߵߣּ̧ĳ忴ǿ־壬סһ
Ҷгһһע룬ȴûǽâ֡νâֵܳģҪļɻ߷
˻ָ򺣹Ϧһоڵʼӵʶȫɫڡ
ϦͷеŵһŽڱޣһһڿζ
Ҷֻѧһйٱʷһ죬ԺϦĳ֣ʩչѩ̵һȭѾϤˣ½ȭΪмһ˼ĽǶȣֱ̺Ϧĺġ
ϦЦȭȻѩ̫ŵĿұ¡оŽڱһһ㵯ҶĳͬʱƣҶʺ
Ҷգ̵ľŽڱޡ˶ܿ죬һˣŽڱײһĴ졣

ײγɵĻǣҹиҫۣ𶼲ڸǡ
ת֮䣬Ѿսʮغϡ
ϦҲǼɵҶѩʦܣղ¶ԴϣԼֻǿһֱ̽ԵĽʮغѾҶ书һ״ȭӲհĽ
ǣϦǷһĨЦһǿױȵϢעھŽڱ֮ϣͷĳ̶ʱ³һ߶೤ĴâŵĶߣҶȥ
ҶУ뵲סâǴâ˲䣬ѾóɾŸӰȫ֡
Ҷ֪һģֻˡ
ǾŸâľͷߣŶţ˻˻죬׷
ҶٺˣǾһĴâ׷棬Ҷ岻
Ҷ۽ǿЩ޾ֵ񣬳磬ץסһޣǰ
ᣡᣡᡭ
һΪһ޵ϣ˾ŴԭŵâȻʵģֻٶ̫죬ͬʱһղҶ²һʵʴڣЩνӰ϶Ѿ˼Ѫˡ
žŵâ޵壬ҶѾһâӵľŽڱޣһɫĻߣǾŽڱޡ
Žڱ֪ΣգӯһŤ㿪һûȳջأŽڱͻȻ֮Ѹײڶ֮٣űŰľݺݵײڳ֮ϡ

һҫ۵ĻǣڰҹײĴ죬ȻǷǳĴ̶
ಣ
Ҷеĳ֣ɵ˰գŽ׹䡣
Ҷ󾪣ԾȥӣǺϦֱһȽסǱ
ϦЦСӣһ㱾£û˽㡭Ӵ
ϦͻȻһУӵﳤŵز쿴ƣֻĶһϸϸĿӣѪð
ϦоŽڱһѾϵĳ𣬶һֻϲƵ˿ȻðһСڼ̣Ĺâ
ʱڣ϶ϳĨϵĶ̣ڰҶʱ򣬱Ҷ۶һһһֱţǰϵĳʱ򣬰нؽƵ˿Ъŵǹ˿ڣԲᱻ˵óϦײɣǷ򺣹ϦϦȻץ㱻ˡ
Ϧо˴Щ֮⣬ûб쳣ⷴһԽǶǿңԽûʲôо֪ⶾϵĶֻҲǶ
Ϧһ֮ʣҶѾȻ󣬶ߴϷʣȴúϦ䣺㣬Ҳᣡ
ȭ
Ҷȭһɵľ˺ѿռХǧ֮ص򺣹Ϧĺġ
Ϧܵǿľѹɫʱɷףȫӿںģĺ󱳣ʱһƬĻɫǽ
أ
ҵײ
ǣǣ
Ϧ󱳵֮ᡣ


238 
ϦǰվסˣľʹܣһЦ˵һ䣺ˡûת嶸ȻֱһɸǿײСײֱ˳ȥˤڵϣʱðǣ졣ɤӷ𣬲һѪ
ҶոѧᣬֻʩչεĹѾúϦ˴
Ϧڿն𣬿ת֮ʣѾӲɤӵѪȥЦСӣе㱾£Ҫȫı£͵ɣ
Ϧ̧֣ŽڱһѱֱıǹɢһŨҵɱѪζ֮Ż
Ѫ֣
ǺϦĳ
ǰˣǰֱѩˣƻûкãҶİ㣬ıˣǣڷģ֮Ҷȭܹ죬ڶΰʱûзĵزűҶ㡣˿̣ʮֵľҪʩչѧҶС
ǹпʼתһ֣ΪһתĶƣҶ
Ҷоվڵǰĸоȴûп´ȵ⣬еֻǿֲѹгѾϦߣ̧ȳѥͲǰذס
һ˲䣬еļѪֺХ쳹ɭ֣ŨҵȳɽƣҶƽ
Ҷ̴ٵһ΢΢˰벽ƥеǿעذ֮ϡصһذͻȻͨ徧ӨһУɫһֱۡ
̧֣ǵɫذ׷Ĺâݡ
ܣ
Ҷпذ׿ٻûܿһǰ֡
ײΣ
Ϧ汻ҶСɵĶĹˣͫವһ£һ㣬ǿʼ鴤ûмʽͬתСܣȻ˺ѿռƣֳһֿµѹϢ
벻һʮĺӣôʩչĳһָ֪ѹ
ǣдڵģѾû·ֻӲײ
ϦȫĹ˼ѪϣһȣƳҶСɶͬתĶƺݺײһ
ǣ
һľ죬һҫ۵⣬ײ֣һ˲䣬˶⴦ѿ֩һѷ죬һš
ǿĳ˲ɨĲƤ˺ѣߡ

һ̴ٵĲҽУϦѾʧӴСӣһģ
ѪӺϦʧĿл£ڰȥ˵Ƥɳʯϣһ鿪˶Ѫ
ϦˣҶûпô˵ģ
ʷȻ˹
佧ڲݵϣǰһĻˡ·𿴼һ񣬳ǰʱ˱ϣ
۽ǿںϦߵ˲䣬ҲһʧһĺҹûгҶס壬ҪŵȽԼѧ书Լ֣Ҫɱѩޡ
Щǽ״Ѿɢһʱ䣬ֻʣǼеϺ˵ʬ塣
Сһ仰û˵ߵҶǰ˹¿ͷ
ҶϽʲô
佧̧ͷʦΪͽ
ΪͽҶЦڻ书ɶûа취ڣǻԵɺȡȭʦѩ̵ģûɲͽйٱʷ͵ѧģ̡ܽԼѧδʦġ㻹ұѧɡ
Ҷſ佧佧ֹ¿ͷֻܴǺϦ壬ֻиѧɱǣΪҵͽ㱨𣡡
Ҷ룬Ҫɱ壬ѶȲ󣬿Ҫɱ书ķµʦܺϦǾͼܣԼһĻʮ꣬ϣû˵⺢ӵģ佧пָһĳȣȫ⣬ԼĸײԼǰ㱻裬Լɱȫڣʹһӿ¶ĥ
⺢ĵԭղԼԼпܣ
ʱǽŮŸ񣺡л׳ʿ֮Ĳ֪ʲôɹ
Ҷ֪ǵԼҲΪɹ鷳Լ֪ǲɹʣµĸɹԼһŮǳҺͷ޻ҵʹӣǻȥҪȻǲãҲܻܿǰй¶Լ书ܡǣҶ߰ɣ͵˵Ľ˽ܻȥˣԼȥɡ
Ů벻Ҷô׾ͷߣл񡣼ĹڵϿͷһĸлҲҶ˵еվҲ˲ú£
佧ڵϣ۰ͰҶ
Ҷ㻹ʲô𣿡
佧Ȼҡͷҳʱȥˡֻҵҽ㡭ڣֻһˡ

Ҷĥôʱ򣬺ȻԶȻ˵ĺִ¡
ǳĽҶϽӦһ漴һ⣬佧㲻Ҫκ˵һ书飬ҲҪ˵ղŷ飬𣿡
佧֣صصͷ
Ҷļ򣺡ȻҸһʦ϶书ǿġҪǸúѧһѧ£㱨𣡡
佧ʱ˷ǣлл
Խ硣
õģ硣
˵䣬ȻһͷС¹Ӻڰ˳ҶϲӣԱˣҪĻˣ㣡û°ɣ
û£ôˣ
˵ţҲų֣ԾеɳĮĴ󣬻ҶѾԼȻǡûп
ȻǸոоҵĴֲҾʹų㣡ллأû¡
ЩųȻ벻һŵִб£ҲֵŮôϻȴ֪ǰλǵɹȹǵλ˹֡
ҶһȺɽ˼̣ɱ˱ڵͷȻˡֻӡҶ佧СԴųȻм㡣
Ȼƽ£ϵʬ֪ղſ϶˲ҵĴ򶷣ɵ£Ҷô˵Ͻͷʲô˵գҶӦ㡣
Ҷ佧СԴ⺢Ӻܿѧ书ܲʦΪͽ
ȻʦǺųµһֵĸͽҲǵŮֻҪϳ˵飬ûвյĵ佧ֻҪµһѧϰ书пҺϦ𡣵Ȼ书ҲȺϦǿϰѣ佧ҪҪʦһСĳһ֣ǿܴ̿ﵽġͿԼ컯ˡ
Ȼһ飬ЩΪѣתͷ˿ţŶҶԲ磬ʦѾ˵ˣҺ͸ĹŵӣΪҪڻʹϣʵûоͽѾʮǰ飬ڣ˼Ҳûչκͽܡ
Ҷʧˣ˺ˡ
ȻΣԼղѾڴӦ˵ģ־ܾô˵ȥżȻʦͽˣǣһʦѡԸ⣬ҿԱ
Ŷ˭
ʦʦܣ˳ƵʥеƸĸ
ǷŰĸ׷䡣Ҷ֪ûг룬Ҫ֪Ͳ佧ȥݷҵΪʦˡܵǣ
ҶᵽʦʱһãȻȻЩ֣ʦ嵤ʥеͷû˵
Ҷʼ磬΢ЦҶԽ֪Ĳ࣬Ժָ̣Ҿ֪ˡ
ȻݸһЦãԺһġ˵˵ʦɣ书ʦ˶٣ѵõǣ཭õĵҩǿΪֵˣ⺢ҿȽʵʺ䣬ҪΪֻܷõҩԣȶԣʦֻ¸ʺʦ
Ҷϲתͷ佧أ
佧ҲֳҵĹâ׶ಡҸ˵Ҳʺ䣬һֱûнҡܵõҩǾͿ±ˡл㣡
ȻҲϲСԴİɣƼģҶʦ屣㣬Խ㣬ȡճɲš
л佧תͷҶ磬ܵҰҸ𣿡
Ȼԣǰ㡣
£˰æھĹСģţֱ佧ĸ׺ͽ㣬һӣɳկ˵ʬһԶˡ
佧һֱĬĬСֱָ֣ĥѪҲûͣƺҲ֪ʹҶҲǰȰֻǵš
Ѻ÷أ佧ڸ׺ͽǰʮͷҲޣûᣬֻĬĬ棺ף㣬һ˵ͷ֮飡


239 
ǳ
Ҷڳʫʺ͵ʣڳĹºӰӾ磬ڣۿˡ
֮ﾶԽʹݼʥϺͽȥˣȻȴͬҶȥ˴£ҴԪܱ
ΪҶ೤޼ԽܵģԾֻһССִ£ԪҲҵ԰ססڴһСԺҶ䡢Ѿס
ٺҶ֮󣬳ȻҪ佧ȥʦ
Ҷ¶С佧ԺҪúʦĻ书ʲô飬ֱң𣿡
С佧ͷҪҶͷҶһסˣжϥлƽ𣬽󣬳ʦ˭Ҳ򣡡
佧صͷǴĻ
ϣȻ뿪˳ֱ˷ĸڡ
ȵس⸮ۡȻǷǳĺǣ佧ȴûжƣֻʦϽʼ书ո𡣳֮⣬ʲôûȤ
ڵһСãڳصľΣƬ̣˼ˣ洺磬ֵݹ٣СʧԶӭˡ
ȻҲȭʦ֣ʦ˼𣿡
ڰڱչء
չأȻ΢΢ЩʧҪòܳأ
ոձչأʲôʱ˵׼һ£ꡣ˵ҪʦеʦҼʦ𣿡
ţȻḧһ佧ԴƼӸʦ壬Ϊӡ
ʦźЦˣС£ʦһˣǣʦý飬ʦûвӦģ־ʦӦˡ
лʦ֣Ȼ佧Ͻ¿ͷԺλĴʦˣʦеĴӣпɭ
佧ҡͷ˵ˣֻʦ
ȻЩεЦЦ
ɭȴں޷޷˵Ķԣʦ֣ƽˡ˵գȵضļ򣬡ʦлæ𲽵һЩѧʦָܻ㣬ҪŬ
ǡ佧ͷԥһᣬŵҸ˵ϸС޷ϢĳԲʺ䣬ʦֶġ
ŶɭЩ⣬ǡ
Ҹ㣬ھֵѾȥˡ佧ûо˵׵벩ȡ˵ͬ顣
ھ֣ɭüܽھǲģȻ书ǿǼھҵΪ˺ܵ͵֪˲ࡣ
ɭ˼Ƭ̣ûӡ󣬱˻ԴģȻĸˣûˣǣԺļңǾˡ𣿡
佧һȣۿЩʪˣصͷлʦ֡
ɭץסţһע룬̽Ƭ̣ͷȻˣľǳĴ޷ڹġҪѧкܶѧǲҪģҲкܶѧûͬΪһʦֻҪŬһгϢ
佧Ǹжĵ϶Ĵ𸴣ŵһʯͷˡ
ȻȻҾ͸ˡ佧СԴȭ֣Ǳȥ
ۿȻ뿪ɭЦһ壬Ťͷ˿佧˵գǰ·С
佧ɭһƳȫˣ֪Լʲô˵ʲôͷСں档
ɭͷҲǰߣģҪԿģҪǰԵĿ඼߳ʦãͲҪ书ˣ𣿡
ţ佧ܳԿࡣ
ǾͺãľܴҪǲľǿ׳ˣ޷书ģԣտʼʱ򣬿ҪһЩǿ飬ҪʦֵĿġѧɻľǼɡ𣿡
ˡ佧Ȼô˵ȴ˰أ书ҲζűʱƳ١
˵䣬ɭһĴլԺ洫˺ɺɹ֮ǿɭûдȥǴΧǽŵ˺Ժ
ЩɺɹѾˡһĴŮЦͷԿɭʦˡ
ɭһյŮ˶ߵ˵˼䡣ŮƵƵͷ˵ʦġ
ɭ佧ס£ǿ壬ͬʱĥ־ƷʣȵĽǿ书ˣһġ
佧æѧŹֵлʦ֡
ɭӻ֡Ů˱佧ǺԺ
ۿ佧ȥɭ¶һĨЦתߣһլԺ˵Ƿӷ޻ͲܵӲ
˿Ҳ̴֮ǰɭѾЦˣǰСİݼλү
޻ͷôˣ
ȻһСʦҰλүķԸѾ󷢵ԺһȺϴ·ȥˡرµ˵ˣúáաٺ١
޻ͷŲô㻹𣿡
ͷȻղķҵ͸ǳ˹ȡ˰ǳ˹ѾڵϣҪϣҪɫҲ֪ղĲǣ
޻ЦҲ̫ףΪʲôһСϣƾĹϵ˵
Ȼû⡣׹⣬泤Ȼȥݵеˡһ·ϰǵ÷ɸ봫ˡ֪ⳤȻǸˮŮӣһ·ϣȻȻһʲôݵһӣҲģһʲôִ¹ϵһ𣬺ܡ佧ĺӣִæʦġһȻ̫֣ʲ£һţˡҪֻܹԼã
޻ЦôôСӶŹɲӢоϲ
ҲŹЦ

佧Ժӣ㿴һԺӵŮˣٵĶУľߴϴ·˵Цš佧Ŀ⿴˹
һŮӵ裬˭
ϴ·ĥĵӣԺۻɸ
һŮ̾һŶܸʲôۻ
ǾͲˣͷ˵ˣĥ־Ʒˡɻĥ佧ȥˮ
Ŷ佧ָķߵˮߣ˿ൽԼĴˮͰڼɹĴֻûпһʱ֪ôźá
߹ȥһƣģӸүǸǲһˮᡣţ㣬ֻһ飬Ҫѧᣬͱӳ飡
ԺŮ˶ӶֻԼϴԼ·
轫һϵųˮͰŵˮһͰˮˮԱߵˮͰָ佧һƣ𣿡
佧һԲˮˮͰŽˮҨˮᡣһͰˮ̫ˣ߰꣬öΧ۵ŮǶЦ
ָһƣһΣһ˵ˮƬʯ̨ϡֵģʲôˮ᣿᲻һ𣿹յǷᣡ˵ָСƨһţɻҪ˵Σ
佧ҧվץˮͰӣεһˮŰʣµСͰˮˮͰ
һͰˮװˣƨϣԴϣѾ֪˶ٰƺȭˡһԣһͰˮڲŷ֣һͰˮ̫ˣ᲻
ŭͷָһȭţ佧ͷѪԺһŮ˻Ƿ·ûпֻԼϴ··Ѿֲˡǰ˵ײһͰˮϣʱˮͰײˡ
ǲȻŭðҺ㣬㾹ȻƢˮͰ򷭣úãﲻһɫֻʰˡ˵գӺһޣݺһ޳佧ϡ
佧ʹòҽһҲͽһ㲻ٽУֻҧ촽š迴ľͷһ㣬ŭϵˣžžأƤ޸һϣֱˮߡ
Щǻ޶ԣԸԼ顣
迴佧ȥһϴ·ˮϣ佧Żѹ
ˮȻ㣡
佧ȫʹʹѵߵˮߣʼˮһΣѧˣֻСͰװСͰȥЩϴ·ŮǼˮ
佧ҪЩˮ̫Сˣһ޷̫ˮֻһһ˵ܡ˺ʵ᲻ˣˮͰһˤһǰˮǸϣǸ˴ŭץһٱ
ڣԶԷư·ľ裬ȥԷȥˡ
佧ãȻվоԼ˫ѾԼˡ֪òøȥӹУȴûк
ڣǸһȥˣȵ˳ĶǸˣЩϴ·ĸ֮⣬լԺĴʹѾߺӡһˡһڳǰͷԷһһ긾ˣﱧһľ裬дƬӰЩˡʱʱǴּ


240 ػ
ݽǷһľͰճͰڵķ֮⣬ûʣʲôһľͰﻹһЩ佧һˣûһ˿ԼĶӹУ֪ʱԼҪǲչԼǾֻ
ǣһ룬ŴľͰ˰쾢ڹ˸ӵСһȣˡҨһⲻ֪㲻ǲΪѾʲôҶӣֻеɫ֭
ŲһС׷ȥƺѾ˶ﻹǹСһڰѶӹùĹҵģʱöˡ
ԷѾˡĸһ˳ȥϵʣһЩûгķˡһĵŮӣһ಼һľ裬ˮͰɨЩʣʣʰϵꡣ
Щ佧ĶֹùýǣھҲȥԱ˳ʣµĶǣŬŤ˳ȥ
ЩǶ˵˵ЦЦĻطȥˣ֪Լ˯վﲻ֪룬ͻȻ䱻˾סˣߴһѼɤӰӣʲôȥ£Էɻ𣿡
佧Ťͷȥ˸ղŶӸЩ˶˲˵Ƿһĳı軹Ҫ֣ղųԷʱЩ˳ƺԳ
Գһ·Ķ䣬һɢҵĲǰźݺݵؽڵϣָŵСɽһĲ𣺡Щãͱ˯
佧ԼĶ䣬Ѿ˺һСӣѪһ֡վʼմѪּʰ£һѷ롣
ʼʱȽףǵ棬ŲѵߣѾˣûа취Ѳ棬ûеӣһʯͷǷذʯͷ̧˹ڲǰվȥѷŲ
˼β𣬿ʯͷȣһĲ̫࣬ʯͷһʱˤһصԴϣʱ˹ȥ
佧Ǳˮѹģ۾㿴ԳݺһˮͰվǰݺݸһţģȴ͵˯ﲻһ㲻֪үֻۣ
˵գԳһͷ佧һʹ佧ȴһԣֻǱͷĬĬš
Գˣ²ֲһٳݲ񣡲ݺãָ˯
佧ʼݲԳˡ
佧ͷϱҳһѪӣѪͿһҲ˲ãҧ֡
ҹ˾ʱһźãѾ۵ȫҪɢˡվԺ֪ȥ
˰ΣӲͷƤЩϴ·ĸȥ᷿ȥſڣţŴˡȥһţҲˡ
˺ü䣬ǹϵģˣѾҹȫˮ˸͸Σ紵ķҪǶһֻ»
ǰڶѷŲãڶݱ㿪ʼ졣ʵ̲ס̧š
أ
洫˽ţ֨ѽһˣһ˭ҹ˯
佧ʱ˻̧Ⱦһţ佧СӣߵˤȥԶϴ˼һʱ
ǸƿڴԭӣĲ˯ʲôţѲСɧˣŪﲻɣǶԼ극
صһ£űعϡһЦְܿ
佧ѵشӵվھԺȻܶסˣȴ·Į
ù˶ãŴԴ񷿣ֻԼĵط
ߵſڣվסˡΪһӰվſڣЩںһݸɵ«έǰڳɨʣʣǸˡ˳֣ʾԼߣǣ佧˲ԱߵһСܼ򵥣һŴһƾɵķŶСӣûбġ
һյƣƹܻ谵Ѿ佧ǰŮӣˣʱһֻ촽һӣǸô¶ѩЩЩ
佧ֻǺһվסˣûжԷĿ⣬Ϊ˶ԷǷʧģǶԼӵ飬뵽ԼԼһ˻ҪˣôʸһŮˣοһԼµʱֵĸˣ
佧ŬԼ΢Цȥǿµݣ˫۾ǰ¸ҵؿдơ
˵⣬ָָС﷢˺ɺɵ
ô֮⣬Ǹưͣ
佧һԭΪԼѾܲңû뵽бԼҵˡֹȥŸ˵֣ƽ˵ҽ佧Ҹý㻹ǹùã
ַһɺ佧֪˵ʲô룬ʣùã
ҡͷ
⣬佧ˣӦǺư͵ģȴ˵ʣҽ㣿
˵ͷһɬ
佧ˣ⸾ӦòԼ̫ࡣֻΪԲů˪֮ôԿʵ
Ů˦佧֣ȥһͰˮһľͰ˼ˮľͰһˮˣʾ佧ѹ·ϴ衣
佧߰꣬ûŮ֮ѹ·ľͰȻˮеůůģҲ䡣
·ʱŮһƤ޺ͲŹ˺ۣƺЩۣḧ佧ںӣʵСûĸһָͷҪ˵ĶˡŮ۽оӨỨڰ֣ʾûϵ
ϴ֮ŮһСֿЦһͰˮָϴһΣͷøɲ˸ɣָָС
佧ͷС˱ֻ¶һСԴ
Ůܵˮ·ͰǷϴɾȻϡţ͵ƣϸϸ·˱ӡ
佧˽㡣
ӺСÿδףҪޣͷ¡ظϣܺܿ˯šڣ·ֻص˽ĻֻǣѾǻҰĵ£Լɱ
ʱ佧ᣬڲմʪŮ΢΢¡

ڶ첻佧㱻Ůѡ·һЩʪ󣬵û취ֻһףҴҴ·ŮšŮԹһˮͰʼˮ
佧ûô𴲹ʵ˯ۣ֪ʲôڣ˼صСԴС
ɨ㣬ʼɨԺӡ
ʱˣû佧˯ģֱµϴ·ȥˮ·
Ҷϴ·ͣˮš··ֽˮ
һֱ磬ԷưˣЩһѷȥ佧һеĴʹѾߡˡӶϡﻩسԷˣľͰûκζ¡佧ֻܸһԼճľͰʣԡ
극˵ЦųˣŮɶˮͰʼųŮ佧ȴ·ʶƵģֻԼʰš
ͷһ佧ûгԺãûгʲôҡҡλεġ
аʱϢʱ䣬ϵʹֻҪģԻطϢ佧ҲѵõĻЪϢֻǣ֪ȥЪϢΪû˰סûס
ȻȥЩ˵ķţԺƺŮ˵ססǰԺûҪȥҲûȥֻвΨһŵĵط
ǣͷ˲񷿡
񷿺ܴһĵطõĲǽһѾľ棬ȽϢûгԱڹС
ʱſڽһˡ佧̧ͷһȴŮ棬ֻ¶һ˫۾һ룬а׷мˡ
ŮķڵϣʾԣȻתȥˡ
佧Ͻȥ뻩ŮԶȥıӰ۾ʪˡ
ϣ佧ȥéޣŪöʺʱԳһ߳ŷȥԷûһۿƺ쾭顣
ȵ˳꣬佧ȥʣԣȴűӽеԺӵĹذԺһľɷҪ·ӡ
佧Ű˲ƬһæڡӵĹ˶Ъȥˣ𹤵صĶͷȴ佧һڹϼˡҪѵеƬᵽǽ߶ѷźá
佧һֱæҹŰеƬáѾ۵ƣߣңԵķѾûӰˣ˿ֶüꤡǷǳˣҲ˷ǳܳԵġǣסĲľʲôûУһˮûС
佧ƣ壬ص˲񷿡
ſڣҪȥȻоԶǽվһˣƺŮȷϣһǽ𣿡
Ӱ˶߳˺ӰȻŮ佧˷ܹܵȥ̧ͷ֣佧֣Сס
ľ㿴СϷһ뷹ϻм⡣ֻѾˡ


241 ս
Ůʾ佧ϽԣҲ¾ͳԡȻ˶ģȴԵñʲôʱ㡣
극ŮվɴͰˮϴ裬һʺͳǱϴġϴʱŮһ¿㶼ϴãȻ·˯
ڶ첻Ůվ𴲣佧ҲŮſڣָָ죬ָָָָľͰ꣬Ȼ˺һ佧ˣԼԺϾ͵Էϴ衢˯мصͷ
ںļ佧ÿ춼ǸɵĲܳܵıΨһеůģÿϣŮ׼óԵģľͰˮԡϴɾ·پǣԼ׽ʱһůĻ˯ȥ
Щ죬һеʱŮͲЩֲô佧ȴϰˣѾӰŮеĿɰɾ
һգ佧ˮϴ·˺üˣʮĺӣСģҲ佧߳һͷ֮󣬱Χס佧һһѽˮͰ˹СͰˮһȫԴϣȫһ͸
迴˸Ͻ֮æĵͷүλүˡ
һȥΪ׵һ۾һɣŵøϽ˵һߡ
СһָܵϴŮῴʲô˵ûп𣿡
һϴŮ֪ʶ⼸λӵܣҿһͷ
ļλΪ׵ʮˣǷĳҲǷĴӷֱĶӣз¥ҲǷ޻֡СһѾʮһ꣬ǾԪӣѡ༸ȫӵܡǵʥеͽ
佧֪˭ǣһ»ǲһ̬Ѿ֪Լ鷳ˡ
佧û˵ֻǡ
¥佧һѣƵһ򣬷¥Сӣǽ佧԰ɣ
佧վˣûлش
¥ָͷĶͷ˵㣬뵱ǵʦ壿ǲǣ
佧ͷڵҲ˵ʲô
ףһһţģʦ浤ʥеʦ棬ȻҪΪʦⲻҪʦʲô
˵գš
佧ҧ촽ûеֿҲûж⼸գߴѾϰˡ
ѻҪߣ¥סˣЦʦܣҪ˼ҪʦʦΪʦģ㲻ܶʦ
壿ޣѵĭ絽佧ϣ㲻ʦǺãָʦֶУ˵գһơ
¥ץ佧ͷҡСԴʦ壬ʦֶָһ书㻹Ͻȥָ㰡ݺݽ佧ǰһˤ佧˵ѵĽ¡
˳ǰһţݺ佧ϣʱѪ
¥ץסͷѪʦ壬УȻ㱻ˣҿɲܣ
¥佧Сӣվȣͷģ书д裬а
ѡѽһȣȥȭ磬žһȭţǵʥеͽȻС³Կ಻ùŵӣϻ湦ġһȭţ佧ף󱻷Ť֣ѹ˵ϡ
ʣ
佧һԡ

˵գһֻŤ佧֣һֻץͷԴ˵ʯײʱѪȾʯ塣
һԵķ¥ʦܣŵ㣬Ūʦ˵ˣҪˣҲýһɫˡԺеʱ䣬һˣͲˡ
ãѽţһһŵϴ裬ϵһϴ佧СԴˮźˮ˷ܵؿЦһϴ·ˮ꣬Ӿͷ˰ʦ壡Ȱ
佧ţǰڲѵƿأСˣϢѾ˰ԡ
ͻȻݽǳһŮˣ沿һƿѡ
Ѵ㲻ƵˤڵϣŮӽ佧СԴϴ˳ҡš
佧Ǻţ˱ԼŮһЦ˵ѾһţŮԴ߷佧˳ȥ
ѶŮȭߣŮֻǱͷӣصģҷܿ죬Ů㱻ߴͷѪѪѸ˷ܣȭŸûнƣרųŮҪݴ
龰ϵ佧ͻȻˣϵһ°Ӻȥݺһѵĺԡ
ѲҽУͷˤڵϣѪָ˳
佧ţһͷ·ߵޣȥ˫סѵĲӣһڣҧסĶ䡣

ѳҽУþҪƿ佧佧һҧסĶ䲻ɿڡ佧סӣΪϢ˰ˡ
¥벻龹ȻһʱˣӦæȥ佧ȭߣɿ֣ûá
ŮǼΧ佧Ҳһϴ°ȥҴ
Ůһ¥ʱλһץסϴ°ͬȫһţХŮظߵõɳȥбѪ磬ڵϣʮಽͣ£ӣ۵³˺üѪȫʧȻʯϡŷ¥ǿŹ佧ȴ޷
佧Ů¥һ߷ѪֱҪˣ͵ؼӽ۷ףͷ³ˡʱһӰһΣ㵽ǰȴеĴӣ¥ѵʦɭ
ɭֿ磬ָһ㣬Էʧȥ±㽫Ӷˡ佧ҲһָУʱȫʧѲӵֺҧס춼ʧȥ˱˿ȥ
ѴڴڴŴ䶼㱻佧ҧÿ佧ף߰꣬ǿסֻѾһӣѪȾ˰պͼ
ɭüô£Ϊʲôܣ佧ʦ壬Ϊʲô۸Щʦֶ
佧ȫ飬ſɭһʱΪʲôô˵
¥ʦʦָ书ģû뵽ȻһҧʦܵĶ䣬㿴ʦҧӡ
ɭ鿴һѪĶ䣬ȴ佧һͷһѪ˿ڡü佧ʦ壬ôôûûصģ㿴ʦֶӡʦأٲҪģŹأǱˣǿսģԷʦ壬Ҳֹ۸ЩʦֶһʦֶսָΣ
ҡ佧ֻ˵˰䣬㲻˵ˣѾףλʦ֣˵ЩǳڹһĿġ
¥˹ʦʦô۸ˣǲģպҪս
༸µҲҲҪսʦ壡
ڴˣĵλʦ֣һսøңҪһʦսҵĶ䣬ܰװѪ
ɭɨһֶۣ佧ʦֶʦսʦǲܾܾģأ
佧ſɭûп༸ˣһһ˵ҡܡκս

ɭˡ
ϴԺӰ
ϴ¸ˮѵϵѪˢղѪȵһĻűˮˢѪɢˡ
佧زŲͣѪŮصķ䡣
Ǹղ佧ķʹ趼ˣ佧ߣȴûиҳ
ŮصŮСڴϣŮ½ȫѪ佧ڱӿ㣡㶼Ϊҡ
ŮСԴЦˣ촽ѪȾø졣
佧Ůߣһֱ֣оĺԽԽ΢ŮʱѪ佧ļ٣߰Сʳǵӣ飬֪ô졣
ûȥɻǶѾķסˣҲûȥԷһֱ
ŮѾʼɢڴڵĴ³ĶǰɫѪ
佧һᣬŮ˵㣬ţȥˡʲôƨʦ磬ҵģֻȥǻûмʦ㣡
ЩѾˣңŮԼã˶ĮͬԼڣʦɭˣЦ滢ˣֻԼûмʦҪҲԸæԼȥ߳㡣
ŮѾڻԣֻ۾
佧ӣԺܣԺſڣŵʣȥ
Ҫȥʦưͽ㣬ҳȥ
ʦЩãȻ
ʦǵʥе
̫ųһ佧ӣЩˣ˵˼ڱչء㡭
ҲܣҪ鷳ȥ
ڨڨҿûǱ£ҪҴȥ´үɡ
ãȥ
Ӵ佧˿ɭԺӣͨȥ


242 ظ¯
ɭڸ¥Ǽ˵˵佧ҪʦеŮ
ѵĶѾˣ˿ڻۣ˵佧ˣҳȥ˵
վסɭסźԭǴͨսʰڴɨǳȻӣҲǷүͲү˼ǣڼȻҪȥʦһõʰĻᡣ
¥Ͼ곤ת˼£ʦ˼ǣһôأ
ûɭ˹ʦչصĵطǱŽأ˭䣬߱ڣŷϳ书šǿԺúأܣãǱŵǳȻûа취ⲻλү뷨𣿹
ѵ˶¶ϲɫ⣡Ǹô죿
ɭ͵͵ǲܳģнģ졭
ѵһһƵƵͷ¶˱Ű˷ܡ
佧Ժ潹תȦԺһʮŮѾ٣佧´үæأûգ֪үҪȥʦ˵ԼȥˣѾʦ˵˵ġҴүȥɡ
佧һ˿ϣѾǰߡ
ת̨ͤ¥ڵһԺǰԺŵģѾƿţ佧ģүҲүʦءԺмһլԺˣܺҡū澾Ͳȥˡ
佧Щɣʦڱչأֱȥûɣ
û⣡ѾЦú𣬡´ү˵ˣүֻʱˣԽڱչأʵִѣ徲ӣҪǱǲôŵģ㲻һĵӣȻǿԽȥߵݵġ
Ŷ佧ļ٣Ҳû࣬Žȥ˼Ժڹ¡˵ģҲ֪Ѿ˵ʦеķĸλתҪѯʣԺ۵һϣϽܹȥţѾѾߴˡ
佧ʶϽŷ캰㣡Ϊʲô棿
ѾЦǱŽأʦ壬ôأ治֪ųԺùӰɣ˵գЦԶȥ
佧еͷð亹ˣȻû䣬ǶҲ˵һЩֵĽɣ֪ôصĿֲʹţǴŽգ̧֡ͷҹɫܿ߸ߵΧǽвôߡûκοĶ
ŵûκζ
ԼʦȵģôµģֻҪܾŮ㣬ǱôԼܵѾˣҲںһ
ǣվŵߣ·Ǽɽɰأûпκ̨ͤ¥Ҳûκεƹ⡣
ߣͻȻ˶ͳĴĺУмٵıȮ
佧ŵȫ䣬ڵҶ׼ֿ
ڰУһȮѾ𣬽˵ݺһҧסĸ첲
佧ʹòҽУ˴ƴͲкĶԿȮ˺ҧûҪʹʱȻк
ͬʱȮӲͬĽǶ˹䣬ҧסȣʹ˺
佧оҧļⶼҪ˺ˣʹҽţΨһճڵץסһʯҧסԼֵȮͷȥ
ˣ
Ȯһţһʯͷ֮һֻۣʱϹˣɿβӿ
佧öʯһȮȮʹҲ˿ڡʣһֻͷԣԼɿ˿ˣغš
佧ǰܣȮӺ׷ҧվסתʯͷңȮ佧ֽǰܣﺰţʦʦ
һ·ı׷ҧ佧һ·ĵֿУⳤǰฮۡլԺȴͬҰûһ˳
˿̣ΧǽĽŽصһ¥̨ϣɭŷ¥ȵ֣佧ҽкȡǶֳ΢Ц
¥ЦѾкˣҪܣԹúдһ֮¶ץһôأ
Ѻݺݵҧˣ
ɭҡͷУҧˣðˣҲû˼ˡһηųģµĹҪȻһҪ
һСĵʿɭʦ᲻ᳳʦ˼أ
ᣬʦڵ¶չأĶġ
ʦȻץסҴһ٣ٴ𣿡Ѻ޺޵һҪֱ𣡡
ԣԿ࣬ҪųȻ棬λүġǲܰˡ
¥Ȼǳõܷ޻ĸȢ˸ǵλڼƽ׾͸߳һءԿɭֻϷ޻ĻԷ¥λҵĳͽܷ¥ԴҲ޿κεġ
佧оԼѾܲˣѪֲ̫֪࣬ܡһݶûУ޴ӶЩ׷˺ҧĹҲûκ˳Լ佧еˣͣЩҧԼˡǣһ뵽ס޻ûбǿż֡
ҵһܵĵطǣѾԺӶܱˣûзӣûпԶܵĵط
ӵһɽϣһʯĲ棬һССĶڣ˿ŵģڸպÿСӣת׷ԹѾһкţʯͷ˹ȥԹԹһ¼ɽһԹҲסˣֻ溿Уһʱҳ
佧תץס˿þȫһߣϽ˽ȥ
ԹϽ˿ϡԹƴĿСһ£˿һģɰ˿ãųһ
˼£ǿյģ㵹ͻȻһգƺһ鷭淭תˣȥһǱֱͨ׹䡣
ˣոԹ죬ֻҪˤˡ
˵һ£ˮ
Ǻ˺üˮץȻץסʲôӲӲĶҲ֡ڣĨĨеˮߺܰ壬ֻãԼһЩʲôġԲġ״СҲ嵽ʲô
ʱое˿ˮĽ¿ʼʹΪ˼ˮ˿̸ŻһȼգӿĻθžȫȼƵģǵأоԼ·֮У̲ס˼Ҳ֪ǲе٣ֻǿš
漴ģǾʹͷĿѣðǣֽҲʼ顣
ͷϵ亹ð˳˿ڵľʹͶĻգѾͣŴڴڴһ£һʲôˮ͵źϱҧãȥ
ʱеһӺһֱʵ˶ʹĵطе̹ޱȡֻǣָܿоûˡ»ָ˴ʹơ
佧ˮѰŸղԼ̹Ķܿ죬ˮƺƮһЩӣҴСҩѵ
ȫľʹԽԽǿңһеһȥ
ղŵȪʹĸоֻصϣΪָе˿ϲʳ˺üšܿ죬еÿĵõİţҩθʼ˳žʵǰƸоĵطͬϵС꣬˳ð̵ĸѴأƮݣȫ
ͬʱ˿ڵƸҲܿˣ͵ĵز
ڿһˡ
ʱпչ۲Χߺܻ谵ֻǲ֪ʲôطĺ⣬ͷλһģؿһӴչһֱ쵽ˮ£һͭӡ
Ȼ˿ڵʹѾ̶ܴȼ٣ˣǣ֪ˮԼ˿ûа취ϵģǻѪɶ뿪ˮ档
ͭȥ˴ͿϣеĻӴ͵͸˳ɢǽϡ
⣬ԼԭһǽϹһҩ«һСŽţһһСûбĶ
ͺͱڣоȵģףԭԼһ¯Ż
֪ʱһϽܿһ£ִԱһ̤壬׼ȥͻȻнŲˡ
ʦģʦĸ֣ųƵʥط᲻ڣ˻᲻
佧ȷվȷȫ֮ǰòҪ¶Լ١
佧Ͻ˳ͭˣﵽ˴
ʱ֨ѽһűƿˣŲһֱŴȻ󣬴һŮӵģֵ̹ϲĳֻܲݲձɨˡһ쵽ⵤ¯ˣû˼
佧ץͭˣӼˮ£ֻ¶ԴúСȻ˵ʦ˵ǻӦԼʦеˡ佧һϲҪ־ףɭҲԼʦ磬ǹȴҪԼλʦ᲻Ҳڼʦ֮ǰòҪ¶ȼʦ˵ʦ棬ܲԼôġ


243 ظɫ
ŮӽֹţǺʦ˧ǱҲϲʦǿܶࡣϧողܾˡ͵ʦųһֿ϶ҪŪŪȫɢˡ˵ʲô˫ޣôһ㹦ĸоûУʦƭкİɣõҩҪˮȣҪʲôĻ尾٣ⲻĵҩ˵Ҫһţһɣ˫˫ɣţҪˣƻŮӸҲֵãҪǲߺߣ˵ȥ飿ٲȻڴͿϲģٰ㵤ҩԸɾ
˵øˣԹЦ
佧ôС֪ʲô˫ޣ˵Ҫ˵ȥʦûеط飬һ漰ʦ⡣ȻԼҪ¶棬㲻ûɱԼڵġǸҷһ춯
оԼϵ˿ڻʹŵˮѪζ֪Լ˿ˮѪţҪȻ˿ڻѪġǣݶʦ棬Ҫ֪ԼܣֻʱɱԼԣֻҧšղ˵ҪˮȣҪĻˮ¾Ͳ̫ߣӦòᱻ졣
ֵǣȻ˿һֱۣȴûѪĻʼŵҲˡ
ʱŮ裬öһЩ衣
أͷϵӦ̴Ѽ͸йͷ͸˽ŮӳһˣһֹȥˡʦҲó˰ɣ
ĽŲ࣬ԹӴʦôأ֪ū˼ʦūҺ㱧ţͷ׵ţζǡ
һ˵佧׻ĺ壬ҪȻҪжġ
ʱ⴫ˬʵЦһϵСΪʦΪʦˣƿ
ŮӾϲֵӣʦˣ㻵͵˼˵Ŵֽӵǣϡﻩ˱Ů˵
ߵΪʦչʮ죬ǱﻵˣΪʦú̹һ£

֮佧ǲЩģҲ֪ʲôֻǾӦǲõ飬ãʦʦ飬ֻǲסԼʱǲȥġ
Ķ֣ţʦм£
ûʲô£ȵȣ
ʦм£
˵ʲô£߶ƺûͣ˼
ֻø˵ոտɭʦִ˵ŮȻһС佧ָҪʦΪʦʦ翴ڳϣʦӦˡǣСʮֵĲʦݣŹʦʦֶϷϵŮͼǿһưŮΪӣȻˡʦ翴ڳϲƽϣȴ䱾֪ôģ֪ʦúʹʦʦ˳ʮòڽͬʦչҹȻôأ˵Ҫʦ㣬ʦλʦø
ʣ
еһڵϣһӲʯʱѳ֩һ㡣
ڣ佧ѾԿ϶λߣȻʦеŮӣòʦɡλӦþǸոոɻõĺʦ֡
벻ɭȻȸ״ҧһڡʶȥֱ棬Ǵ˿̵Ѿǰµĺӣ̶̵ӣѾůҲ֪նš
еŮҴҴ·ҲϽ·áոմãе˷ţСأңһƤ
佧һսԴˮһЩ
еŭΪʲôҪճܵˣǲҪ𣿡
ʦЦʦ˵ˣǷ޻үͲү˼˵ǳȻүӣɹϵһ˹ֺã˵˻˻飬ǰѾ˻ˡòҺûӣȻһѿû뵽Сȴѿ
ˣ֪ˣС
֪֮󣬱Ȯ׷ϣһͷȮ۾Ϲˣ֪㵽ȥˡʦֲ֪ʦأʦ֮أע⡣
ǷûУ
ûУŽգֻܴ򿪣ܽġ
ţȥʦ֣ΪʦֻʱأҪűչġСţǺܿж³޼ɣ˽ɽôʰԡ
佧һû뵽ʦȻ˵ĺݶԭʣµһϣʱˡֻ뿪ȥҳȻҶǣҷֻĬĬصȴ
֮󣬺ʦָǳȥˣеʦݺ١佧ľţ֪һô졣
ˣϸϸ·еɵô
ɽελش𣺡ͽһֱʦķԸĻ尾
еͷܺãʦˮôˡ˵˲̤̤
佧֪еҪ¯ҩϽһԴˮŶڡ
ʱͷ͸ͨͶĹߣˮĶˣģؿˣԭˮĶȻǶߡܡ桢ȵȽеֺͽвֵĶ棡иֵ״ҩģ
佧ŵͷƤ飬Լ֮¸ˮ棬˫ץȻץס˽µһ֪ʲôƬܴץס֮ӹˮˡ
еӰ棬ùͭƣʼĶҩ«ﵹ˼ҩ˵ģɶΪʦ뱲޵ĶͶݣرֻ˶ıǴӼѩҵģϽ߿ػժ𻨣ǱϵĶһҪ尾ǣǹ֦Ҷȫɵˮʱ£ɱƣһɣʲôӲµһ
ɽεεϲʦɣĺ޵С
佧һ⻰ʱȫͬһͰˮԼô綾߳滹иֶݽݵˮȫ˿ڣҺжУ
ּ̿䣬еЦ֮󣬽ŵⶾﶾƣȫⵤҩԣһҪϸΪʦ˵ʱӵҩɴˣ
İʦɸʦôãûдء
ǵǣɺɣһΪҪҪرһ¡סΪʦǲġ
⻰ֿеѵҩףԼԵƯˮĵҩԭôġֵҩƶõģѹԼʳ֮ơʹľбܿˡԷġ
˵һỰеҪߣɴʮʦȥҴʦɣ
еšСһ£ֹһһҲŵԳձչǶһ࣬Ϊʦôܺ˱أ
ŶɺܶʿɶֹĵԴҲֻҪʾԼڳԴ˾ˣ˻ԺУ̫ˣ˾ͻᷴУǹɵе˼ҲΪ˱ģֻʦʦܲˡ
޷е޳ܵӣӣһʮ˸вڻ¡
ðʮ˸ūҲ
еȻǹЦź´Ƭ̣ųˡ
£ĳ裬ʱһ£ҩܿ쵽磬˵һڿԳԷˣˣ˵ţȥˡ
佧ҲˣܵţڴǲԼԼ𣿺ò׵ˣûжŴŵϴ͡
ڴͱԵͷͶĹԼֱϣϱȮҧ˺ĵطѾѪˡңѾ裡ǳľ棬ѵǴҩĵĹϵ
벻ףҲûпȥЩֻԼĵطȥ̧ͷܸͨߣ໹һɣšֻҳ·֮ҵط
ûͰҲҪȻŮӻֵᷢġŵӳҷĵطͬʱҲûгȥ·
ţһһ˸ߵĵصһյ߲Զŵʺζ˳ȥȻҵéϽˣǰһšţ͸ŷ죬ӣŵְءȻҪܵĿء
佧ȥʧֻֻص
˷⣬ɳԷһЩʱ䣬佧Ҳżϸ쿴
Ǵ󶦷ǳ󣬻Ƴγεģһ޴¯ӣŵúǲ࣬һС̿ȼţΪҪĻֻǣǻŴͭԼȴڣе͵˼⻹佧һֺ⡣
ܿ˿ûгڣֻ˴͡ӽô죿ʲôԵĶûСȻﵹкܶ඾ߡܵȶʲôǶģܲ԰ѣ


244 Թй
ʱɻˣһȴûٳɽ裬ϴ˰ʱӻҩģҩȥ֮⣬ûбĶܰ佧Ҳ͸Ҷһ¡
һֱ˰ȥȥˡ佧һé˰죬ʲôԵĶûУֻüꤵش
ʱое˿ˮĽ¿ʼʹΪ˼ˮ˿̸ŻһȼգӿĻθžȫȼƵģǵأоԼ·֮У̲ס˼Ҳ֪ǲе٣ֻǿš
漴ģǾʹͷĿѣðǣֽҲʼ顣
ͷϵ亹ð˳˿ڵľʹͶĻգѾͣŴڴڴһ£һʲôˮ͵źϱҧãȥ
ʱеһӺһֱʵ˶ʹĵطе̹ޱȡֻǣָܿоûˡ»ָ˴ʹơ
佧ˮѰŸղԼ̹Ķܿ죬ˮƺƮһЩӣҴСҩѵ
ȫľʹԽԽǿңһеһȥ
ղŵȪʹĸоֻصϣΪָе˿ϲʳ˺üšܿ죬еÿĵõİţҩθʼ˳žʵǰƸоĵطͬϵС꣬˳ð̵ĸѴأƮݣȫ
ͬʱ˿ڵƸҲܿˣ͵ĵز
ڿһˡ
ǹһᣬоƸе˿ڵĴʹľǿֳһŵҩܿص͵ĳ̶ȡ
ⵤҩ̶ܴܺȼƵľʹľУȴӱ
ѾһһҹûгԶˡꤡˮĶߵȶ֪ЩܳԵģǣԣǲҡ
ˣֽһŮӣɻࡣ˵佧֪ǰɳԴ׵ǸдɵŮӡ˰࣬ˡ
ɱҪţ˰ʱĶе뵤ҩ֮⣬ϥһֱֵ˵ڶϡ
ȥͣ佧é
һ磬ֵ磬ٳȥ緹ʱ佧Ѿÿ赹ˡ
ڣ۾ץסһߣһҧڶߵĶϡߵȽѾ˺ҧһ顣ӦΪҩˮݵԵʡ
ҲǶúˣ±һ߳ͷԹˡڱˡӡ
ʱеһɱһѸٵ˳žܶܿ㲼ȫֱʹ࣬ǰᣬɴܵٶҺѸ٣һС˲㱻ˣǱѸٲȫֱۺ˫űˣ˳һСϺƵġ
оԵʶѸʧҲܿģ
Ҫ
佧ԺֻͷȥץƯˮҩ裬ѾˣԴˣ˺ͨˮĶԽһҩ衣ȻԴһˮǣˮʹǿЩҩǰʹȴһŶԲ
ѵȥ
ʱͷ˴ɵӰùͭƣʼЩҩĺͶˮĽϣһҩ豻ˮͽĺͿ취ȥ
ϣʵˣҩˮǣȴûа취ʣΪĺҲˡҩûͣ˳ˮ档
佧ˣͭƶĽתϣԼܱɿʹʦץסҲٻһȥϣھ
û뵽ɸûע⵽޴ҩȻһСѾľεĽѾûȤҩĶĶҲǱϺѾ佧СĶһһ˪ƵģЩι״Ķ࣬ϸֱ治
ɽ꣬һҩĵҩ˴ҩ
佧鶼Ѿ̣ˣֻ컹ŵôġš
֪˶ã佧ͻȻоԼĺıƺҲĻ⣬أƺţоʲô֪ʲôΪסĺЩ޷ƶǣʶȥ
оûлָ᲻ʲôҲѾûʶֲ֪˶ãоһ׳˳ʺӣ֮ѩڻ
ĺ۾ָԵľҲѸˣǣҲڴˣλȴûڻ
ô£
佧ûʱȥ˼⡣ֻܶѾˡһˮˮڰˮһҩ˳ҩˮһ¡
ˮܿ࣬ҩζѾ˲ˡ
ҩ¶ǣһᣬǶůȫӿѩڡܿ죬ֽžܶˡ
Ϊ˱գ̷һҩ裬Ƭ̣ȫůģڳ׻ָ
һ佧˿̲п˼ףԼǰжΣգǴɷҩĵʱ򣬽Ѿ巭ת泯ϣҩʱǡһҩͣʺȻȥҩ͸ƤһЩӶʺʹܹҩ裬ճɹա
˺ܳʱ䣬Լŵƽ
Ϊʲôᱻ佧̶֪߽ߣǴеӱһǳǳ̶ˮˮץġ綾бЧѾǾ˳ʱҩĽݣԺͱѾƣ佧ǰֳ˲ƶԺͱԵĵҩҪȻ佧ᱻ˲䶳ñС
˽ѣ佧ЩˡǣЩܳʲô
ڼ֮佧ڼ֮£ܲջֳһߡ
ֻһѧˣڳ֮ǰҩ衣οʼ⣬ڳֲ֮ҩ衣һΣֻǸоȫĺ䣬ȴûбסҲûжһܺܿ컺⡣
飬ͷĶˣԵʱ򣬱ȳҩ裬ٳԣ֮ٲšЩԹҲʡ
ڴҩȹһһ졣
䣬뾡취ܣûлᡣΪɺʹ˻ţÿʮ죬еͻһΣ쿴ҩ尾ͬʱŮꡣŴأһֱܵؿŴţ޷ȥ
˺ȴҩҩˮҲֹʣ˳ĸֶ
ҩĸֶܹΪ࣬һǳȫȼһʹľж֢״ģһ־ǳȫ̶ȲͬĽġҩԤȷоյسɹɹ
ǣҩĶϾޣһֻһֻеĶﶼˣֻʣҩֻıΪǸһĶȫ˼ӲƬ޷졣
Ůеû֣ΪʣµĹҩˮΪѾˣ֪ǵҩˮ滹һС͵Щ
佧ԹܳԵĶûпԳԵĶ伢ʱΪ˲ֻܰĿҩ״ҩϡȳһĢһĶеȫƤһ㣬ͬʱȴбĸоǱ죬ľУľѾҩ裬оյضȹһνѡ
ⶾĢ֮󣬵ǹ˰죬ֶˣҳԵġʣµĶҪôǳȣҪǷ䡣ּ˰£ҩ֮УѾһˡ
ǳǣŮ飬ûа취ȥֻܿȴĻᡣ
ҩҩˮųļ尾ȻСһļ٣佧ֺȵ൱һ֣˾ԽԽˡеǲûɣΪǻˣּһЩ̿𣬷佧ӸøһЩ
˺棬ˮѾٵڹ塣ʱѾȫ˶Ůеÿγֽҩĵʱ䡣ÿʱͻԼЩǼ棬ǵҩڸסЩ֫¶벻滹˵ĶŮе벻С֫ġ
ҩȻҲڼ٣Ҳûע⣬Ϊˡ
ڣԵһ궾ݡ
һ͸죬ҲһԲεɫĻ٣濴ŮһϸĽɫҶӡ佧ǰе˵ʲôӦʲô𻨡ʶţһֱҳԣѾûʲôĶԳԵˣ
ڣѾûгԶˣûҵκλߡ
Եô󶾲ݡ
һԵŵҩڽ̽˶ֲŵҩ
ﻹץһѵĵҩߣԷһ


245 Ϊǰ½ظ
ͻȻ佧оСһɫˣһ͸УţʼٵڵתŷٵתоĹɡϵˮһ㱻˦˳ȥ
ǣȴײëžһϣ䣬ںϣ۳͡
һܵĹ̷ǳļ򵥣ȴ쳣ʹࡣʹ࣬Ծĳ鴤ľʹŤƶ¡
ţһѵҩȫ¡ǣɹǵľʹȴûκθı䡣֪ܵľʹȴǵҩܵġ
һ̷ǳĿ٣佧ĸоУȴʹļ尾
еľ¾һϴܣеɫŻص˵ﴦ۳һŻתɫһֻǱڲݴԵޣʱ׼Ծˡ
佧شӾʹлգ֣ԼȻӿԼﴦתʲôȻ˰죬ҲûŪס
ʹһνʳȻڶѾˣʹһٱͣ佧ֵڶΡ
ǣάһʱ䣬ٴðաһΣߣҩ˶Ǳϡ
һһôţͿٿάʮʳ
취ʿǿֲļӲס
ǰѾԹƬͽ͵ġûеӣֳĹˣûκô
ӵļûеȴ뵽µİ취ȥˣҪȥˡȴû뵽ͻ׵İ취
޼ƿʩʱеٴγˡ
һֵǴɡǰչеȸһȻٲ쿴ҩҩǣһβһ֮ȵҩ쿴ҩ
佧ѾЩͷӺҩ档
еҩֻʣ²ˣǳˣˣһϷأӦþֻʣһ룬ǾϷѾѪڴõ˶֮ͱȫ׵ıףԵϵѪ⣬Ϸıƣˣ


246 ˫
ɸϽϲʦ
еţʮ죬Ҫʱʱ۲죬вɵġرǻһҪȿغãҪʦʮպûʣһҩŨľвɰľˣΪʦɾǰ𣿡
ͽףͽʦ˵ģһػκʧ
ܺãеصͷתסǺߺһеŴ·ˡ
е֮ǴɼҩҩˮƵһˣʱʱͻľ쿴һ佧Ѿ˶Եİ취ǱԼϣ棬ɴ治ˣÿ˶æҵء
Ϊһֱͷϣ佧ϸ۲ĸ˶¶εһССԲϡ
ⶾ쳣ӲףСաͻȻ뵽ǰе˵ˡͱ᲻Сйأ
佧ˮҵһǴ̣Сס
ǣ
һ죬ԭ£ľ쾹Ȼһſˣһͱһ£ֺ£ˡԭǿķӦ㡣
佧ͱľ죬һƬӣԡȻӲףȴǺܽ۵ġ
佧Ѿķˣ۵⣬ﻹܿƣ㹻侲ץһѵҩ֮ſʼùƬȡͽԵڻ㡣
ǣƬ̣͸оԾСѸڳһɱ絶ֺ䣬絶һĴ̹ǣ̲סȫʼҷ
⻹ֻǿʼתĺѸٵӿ߾ɢȫоԼ·ҪˣͷüëѾ˪顣ԼǰѾĵҩոֳôһѵĵҩֻѾһˡ
ֲֿĳֻǳһСᣬǺŸص˵ﴦȻγһɫǰɫɫǹɫУתţֻҪɫСܶࡣ
ʱ佧ָҲˡ
ڶ죬ֶˣǰľѾٵµ⣬編ƣٴξ˺ϴʹֵ֮ﴦǰɫȻһЩ
֮ÿһ⣬ǰɫͻһЩȫﴦİɫѾ󵽸ɫСˡ
ûпԳԵĶֻʣҩҩˡ
ҩôܳ伢ǣҩֳʲô
ڼ֮ϣеҪصͷһ졣ҩ͵͵ȥԼǺʦȥˣꤵ佧֪Ѿûа취ٵȣڶеһҪǱ𻨣ҪǷûˣһ쿴ԼҲ޴ˡֻһ·
ǣģ˹˽ҩʣµҩˮȫȽ˶Ƥ
ҩˮոʱֻǱǺ˼ڣ;ʹ絶ȫжڣٺˮѾ͸ˮһûκ˺ˡ
֪µµһݣӴԺûκζҩ˵ˡ尾˸ֶݵҩͬˡ
ȻҩܹٿöƤǣһʱü
ȥûκˡûпԳԵĶߣΡ
⼸һֱ˼ôߡڱƵûа취ֻðһԡ
Ǿ߱ѾԹˣֻʣһǣȽ˫ľȻϡȻ׷ǳӲӵƤȴǳкܴĵԣܱȽɵܽ˫ִӶǰ֫˫ŴӺ֫ͱһֻˡ
쳣Ӳ㱻ֵ֣ܵ
ҩ㿴ǽϹŵҩ«֪Լȫҩ֧ţߡǣǽϺɫҩ«ҩȫԼ·¶ڴãٴס
ųߵǰߣ۾Դ΢΢ſ⿴ǿܿһ϶ţһᣬţ˳ȥ
ؿһ޴ʱһʶ˿佧ҡҡλǰܡ
໥һۣˣһӦʦΪҩĵǸʲôɲ˵Ҳ˲ȥôҩôȴˣϽ±У׷ȥһѹסˣһһҪߡ
佧ˣĻᣬеﴦͻȻתѸٱڵ˫ۣ˫ǰƳ
һɵİɫײұϡ
꣡
ȫһѾܻӣı鶼Ѿܡͷϡϣ˲˱ӡ
ֵĻһɵɫŻȳ˵ϡ
أ
ҽУ󱻶ҧƵġɿ˫֣ڵϣȫ鴤£㲻ˣϡֱϵѪܣ˿ֲɫ֩
佧ǰһоˣ֪ΪʲôҲϸ룬ǰܣûԶ㿴һݣһֱϡŽ£ڵ˾ͷһʯš
εţʯţ档
˿̣Ѿˣеǹ⣬ʵؿܵģԼȮ׷õܵĽԺӡ
±һ·򣬳ŹƵĴŷܡ
ͻȻϤȮĿֲУٵĽŲţֵط֣Ĵʮߴ͵Ȯǰ˺ҧȮҪ͵öࡣûӦ㱻˵ڵء
ϽֽŶȮ˺ҧףȻ˲ð֡߾ǵĿҧ׵
佧԰ȣûʱЩԹ棬ﻹյأ뾡뿪ǣĳղｫЩԹ߶ǡ˫ȴûκζ
һ£ǰǵӿﴦɫȻڶ佧ǳˡһڵƣȻǰһԹĳ
أ
Ȯһأȫ鴤
ȮһϽˣ֪ʲô
佧ŴȥȮӺϣ˵ٴη˺ҧס佧ͬʱﴦͬʱ𣬷ֱĳ
ء
꣡
Ȯֱ𱻶Ͷ˵ϡ
ӣȮҲҽ׷ˣֻԶԶſ͡
佧ϲӣǰûϸ룬ڷԼȻƷֱĳ;綾͵Ȯ޷ܣǲζţԼӵ˸죿
ϲתӵ˸ǽߣȻţųȥٰѴŹϣȮ棬һ
ֱһ·źԺȥ
˺ԺſڣŽաǰšźܿˣŷӺҹﶸȻһĹޣŵีһ˵ϡ
佧Ҳ˲Ͽֱӳ˽ȥԺܰ඼˯ˡû˹
˲ԱߵŮӣûƿţɵˡѾյģСΨһļҾ߼Ѿˡ
һкŮ㣡
ֻ˼ԳﴫСӣȥˣðеģĺΣﲻƤ
һ֣һߴ·
佧Ѿڵ´˽£ڣѾ붬ˡ
Գųûȿ佧㱻һ˵ڵϣһǰһͷޣŵҽУù޵Ķﴫ佧Ů˵
Գ˵˻ʱŵƨ佧ֿ޵ſˣһ佧ۿ˵ҽ
Գף佧һ޵ڱģӣŪǡ
佧̧֣ɫɿԳһһĨԳһʹѪҲ֩һ㱩𣬲ѿɫѪʳ
ԳҽУ佧һѰס죬˵ҪȻ
Գ֪ǰ⺢ͯҲǵǸ۸ĺˡѾƿɱžֵ֣Ҫɱң˵Ѿˣ㲻֪ܵȥĵڶ죬͡ˡ
佧εѣƨŮ㲻ģ
ǣûƭ㣬ڶ췢û֮󣬿´үһϯӾ͵ҷظˣѾˡ
佧۾𣬿һ˫Գš
꣡
Գ˱һƹ죬ȫѪΪжɫ֩ͬʱֱⶳı
佧⣬Ժųȥ
Ѿвٸ˱ղŵĶѣվſڹһͷޣԳ˳ŵüУȹûӰˣŴŵӹȥ㿴Գǿֲʬ塣ŵòҽУԺʱһš
佧ֱ嵽˵ķǰѾ˶ˣվſô£㿴ԺĸǷ׷׾߶㣬Ҳŵȫ֪ʲô顣


247 Ĺ
ţɼһͷȫ׵ĹޣŵתһѽŹϡ
佧嵽ϣƣƲŭ̧֣ɫһڷϡ
ǣ
˱˪
һȥ
ű˰ɫıš
Ǽϡ
űѳɷĩһء
佧粽ȥ㿴Ѿ˪ѩ£ǰ˪ݽǣҲǰ˪˱ӡ
佧ߵǰһһˣ۸ҵģҪһ
Ѿ챻ˣ佧̧ͷ㿴˹޾佧۵
û˵佧Ѿ̧ͷơһƣͷ˲˼Ӳı񣻵ڶƣͷѿ֩ƣͷǰĴһѳ˱ӣɢһء
佧ݺڱϲ˼ţתڸǵļУȥ
Ҫȥҷ¥ɱŮ׾Ҫпɭ⸮Űˣ

á
Ҽеͷ˶
ѾҹʲôҪҹģУһͨ顣
еλһλǾԪһλǸԱߵģɷŰģѦ򳹡ɭ¥䡢ѵˡ
޼ɽⷢӣҵ鵱Ӳ飬ǵѾ͸Ϣһβǲ鷿ֱϷ飬Ҫı顣ңѾ㡡ǵ飬ڣֻҲɲˡǲܵȳ޼ƥһ£ǰ£ճʱ֣λΪΣ
ŰͦӵģȵǰǼϲòӦѾʱӦ򿪹šǵɱȥץΣΪۣ
˶׷׵ͷԪ¶˵΢Ц·ѾǵѾԼǰ
ѦǾþɳսĵסʵ۲æʵ۶޼ɵģҪץס޼ɣˣжһʼҴһֱฮץס޼ɣץģҲУ֣ľͺðˡ
޼ɶǰѹͻĸϻϸ裬СӻףձȻǶ֣
Ѧתͷɭεų书µһǵڶҪµģǸûɣ
ɭѾȥʦǰֵϢʦʦ峿ءʱıѾɣͲú书µһˡʦѾ˵ˣʱȽȥʦһȻУͬʱЭƿؾ档
ҺͰ깫ױӣѾȫױӻϣϷͲ񸮵ļҶԺүӵͽͽǣܹǧˣ͵綯ˡ
Ԫ΢΢ͷһξҪ̸λˣرǵʥүӡ³֮޻Ϊʦλá
ʩ񣺡ԸʥϵǻͿأǣ
ͻȻĸ֣ſ΢΢ŷ촦վһʲôΪ߱Ƚϻ谵ԿСһʱһˤ
˶ע⵽ˣæתͷ˳Ŀ⳯Ŵȥ㿴һͷȫ׵Ĺޣվſǡ
˶ŵüСɭ
Ƕ֣ſڵĻʲôԵģôôһֻ޴Ȼûзκξʾѵ
ǹȻű佧ſĴһ۾Ϳϵķ¥𵱳ŮΪ˾Լһ߷ɣˣʹˣΨһԼõˣȴΪԼöˣ˿̾ǰ
佧۾Ҫðˣ°һͺ£͸ݷ϶ܿµķλŷ¥󲽳ȥ
¥ֵˣͻȻһ̳һйš

ǷɽﾹȻǹ롣
¥Σңһס˶ԷзλŴݺһ
˼޵ǹ룬ˣһ˿ڳʽ׼ӭСȴ޲֪ôģֻŷ¥Щ졣
佧̧֣˫ֵصһ£ȼγɵļĵطɿתһǾӨİɫһǿֲɫϢȳ
޾Ȼٻֲ¥ϵѪɫȻ޴棬ʣµֻǾ֡
ȥɣ佧ͯ벻͵س¥ȥ˫ĳһ˪ɫĹӰžӨıӣһȴϢɫĹӰŵһѪζһ¥
¥ٴλĽವһӭӰϣ޵ʺ
㣡ɭ˲¥ӲӲȥеͬʱ𣬿еתһɫγɣһ޵ͷ
¥ʦľУѾ޷󳷣𣬿Ѿ˰ģ˫űǱ˪ɨ
ʱ¥е˫˲ʧȥ֪ͷȥʱƮɢֻ˫ϥ£Ѿ˰ɫ
ͬʱɭĵƣѿյļر佧ĺ󱳡
ޱúɳȥײһǽϱײһ޶档
¥¡
꣡
˫ѳƬɢһأײڵϡ
ƮɢԼͻȻȥһص壬˺ѷεطһҽУ
¡
´ҡҡ׹Ƭ׷׹䡣
뿪Ҫˣɭţһץסʧȥ˫ȵͽܷ¥һץסԪ˴˼Ÿܳ˴
漴Ȼ
ɭŬڳѰǹޣԼһƵԷҲˡڷĳУûп޵ӰӡѾ˵档
¥˻ţҵȡɱǹޣ
ɭǹޣˣǸС׵С˵ͻȻСϤһһһǳȻʦСӡ佧
ѾӽزôͻȻѧôֲʲô
Ӧþʦ׼ıƣ
ƣɭĵǶһս벻Ȼֲ˹ѵʦ浱ͽܣ
ո˵еչصĽطеХޱȵķŭٵس߱
ת֮䣬ǰһͷɢΪŭŤףǿɭʦųƵʥе
ɭæӭȥȭʦ㲻ųôڡ
еܻź𣺡ģ˳ɳȥʱ򣬴Ҷҵı𻨣ñƴҿءңҰҳ
ɭô£æʦոյĴ£ͻȻǴ룬ñ¥
˭
ϴθʦǸȻʦСͽΪһǳ޼ɵıСӱͽˣȻ󱻵´ѹ档
еһŭ𣬷˹ȥֻһѲԫϱϵתͷƬʱ·еһڿɭָķλšɭ˽æҲȥæֻ˫ȱķ¥ڵϣЪ˹غţɱɱ
һƬѾ˵ĵ׳죬ȴûҵ佧
ȥˣңеˣҳ
ʱԶķݣð˹Ụ̃˲۹Уӷÿ˵
ˮˣˮˣԶʹǵľ
е϶СӸɵģȻûôɣ׷弸Ծȥ˶ţɭѾ˫ȶ˵ͽܣǷ޻˲ָš
е嵽𴦣ʹˮ𣬿ǣǻѾմ˷ǼͰˮģ˿һܣѾնˡ
еѸתһȦȴûпԼıɭҲûз佧Ӱ
еסһʹʣô£
ʹӾֵص֪ͻȻˣûʲôƻôͻȻأ
˵ţͻȻԶķðỤ̃ܿ죬մ˷
еȥһա
ڶ̶̵ʱüȼ˴𣬻ӳ˰졣صطǧ׶ʱ¶˻֮¡

޼ɵฮ
೤޼ں˯죬Сӽ٣ǳĸˣ͡ˡ˯
ͻȻҡˡ
֪ûʮ𼱵飬û˸ôѡ
һǰˣԼİ檡үˣฮˮˣӹأ
޼ۣ˿⣬΢΢졣Ȼֱۣû˵


248 ս
С檲֪ôźã֪үƢս䲻˵ĸȻҰţȼ߻Ҫʱ䣬Ըż
ԲżǼ˲ܲżС檷ŻԼҪţ˵үεˮһкüͬʱԻƷǳ󡭡
޼תһ泯˯ǣֻ˯Ƭ̣һ˫۾һˣ񣬶ϵӳ΢΢ĺ⣬˼ʲô
С檼үǲżָϽүһĺƺܴ󣬶ңҲ֪ôģ˵ˮӽȥ˵Լ𣬿ǻԽԽ󡭡
޼һǲˮӽȥ𣿡
ǰ
޼´ߵ⣬㿴丮ϰնǻ棬ȻǻȽԶȴҲܸܵЩȶȡƬ̣ˣ
޼ɵŽʽ𹳣˳𹳡ʹһֻйٱʣʹһѻֽ𹳡뻯ҴṦҲǷǳ˵ãսʱ͸泤޼ɣĸ
𹳺ܿˣ޼ߵＸ䡣𹳵ͷܿʧںҹ
޼ɶ԰檵׼һѾ
檽εδӦˣϽȥ׼
ʱӡȻȶŮˣǽţرǳȻΪҶίȥʦĺ佧ڷҶһֱæûпȥ̽ʹΣֻ˵ͦãܽţûرòҪţԱûȥҶҲʹҲô˵ġڣȼ˴ܲˡ
޼ɵãΪµòĻֻǸ֮þһЩ
ͷһݣȥױǿ䡣
ˣѾ𹳰ˡ
ȻףҡȻȥˡ
޼ɿŮһۣͷû˵
Ȼ뿪׵ԺӣصȡԼԧ콣ԭһѾҶˮˡһ¶ġֻûԭȵôáպá
˫űϣ˲ûҹ£ɱţֱլԺ
˴ţȴŽգôòһţתܵǽ÷צԽǽԺڡ

ҵļȻ佧ŵġ
ɭһײײǽڣɹȣ¡ȻмӲޱȵıױǱǿĳ𵴵üȥкȻ֪ԼȻʩչ綾ͱڸǰͬͯһǿܵݽǺ棬ʱݿ
úҹڻһϷеƮĳʣһҧܹȥùȼʣȻܿ˷ΣǷұĴˡ
һ֮һûߣǶڰƣ㿴еǳ˹ĴѰңһ㷢ҿնˡ
ûҵˣеĴѰң˺䵥ķ¥ʹӵĲ³ˡ˫ѾȱʹӼġŰȥȴɡЪ˹غţɱ
Ű̲סȥ
ʹǱҲҼˣǼߡ󣬷Ű˱еȥѰ佧ȥˡ
佧¥ۺ죬һԣǵȥ··ȥ
ʹ̧ʱ佧ǵǰ
ʹҪУ佧Ѿƺɨʱһɫһɰɫӹʹӡߵʹо綾ȫѪܱѵ֩Сұߵʹӣ˲һ
мŵķ¥Ϯ֮ǰѾ˫˼һģڿնЦСүүȵþ㣡ȥɣ
¥ȱ˫ȵڿһת˫˦â׵佧׼ģſ졣
棬佧ͷΪ˿·ֻܰѱſ
佧书޴ܣâ֪鲻ҵһӣŵסǺâǰһɫıĻ

һ죬¥Ҷɵ佧ֵּһĻס׹ǰǱĻһ˲֣漴ʧˡ
佧־ϲԴתúܿ죬ˣղԼ룬ųϡ
֣佧д󶨣˵
¥ԷȻʩչĻΪƣȵӶҪˡͬʱշתͷ£˫ڵһţٴεɶö佧
¥֪ʧȥ˫ȣѾûа취߻߹Էֲ̫ΨһĻᣬֻһιԣķתȫ˻
Ŀ꣬佧ſľ졣
أ
ץס˾򦣬ƣƿյżХ佧Ƕھš
¥ǿɭĵӣһѾж֣һʩչȫĹ书ܶĳ֣ҲӲƴ
佧ȻûУֻҧŵʺǸ͵һڷ¥Ƿâֵһƴͬʱ꣡͵غ£Ǽݣݺݵҧ˷¥˫СƼ⣬佧Ķͷһ硣
һ磬ɱ뺷޵еľҧ£Ѿ˲Խĺ蹵ǣǿĳǽ佧ǣһײõɳȥײںһɽǽϡĺɽǽѳһݵ֩¡
佧˫ƣͬʱ˷¥Դ࣬һֻȴޱȵķŭֻһ֣
ɫ˲÷¥ԴͬϰѪܱѣ˱ɫ˲䣬ȥ佧İɫеϵĲλٱ˶ѵĲһı񣬽С£㱻ײǧٸӣɢһء
¥ʣµıֻβžһڵϣıӡ
佧ɱˣתܡѾˡһӰɿشԶӶǷ¥ʦɭ
佧㣬ĥת̧֣һһġڣٻѾǳ졣ſɭ嵽Χ
˽ǰɭͻȻ˫һڿն𣬿һת壬ЦСȥ
ͬʱ佧ơһɫһɫһǰһſɭȥ̱ǵζвɭɭİųİɫβۡ
ɭͬʱҲ·ͻȻĿ磬ǰǵɫɢȥźıĵϿɭڶǿޱȵ
أ
ɫⱻѳƬأײ佧ϵıļӲϣ졣һء
佧ûǿƵȻܽԼıѣɢ˵˺ü
УɭٴηЦСʲôֶΣɣƿлһѤĻߣصͷһƵѸͣ˺ˣһ߲ĲӰ
ǣ
һػͷ
ǣǣǡ
嶼ҽ˵ʯĵʱ֩һѿȥҪ
ɭ쳤Хɵʮɣ漴תͷ¸һƣصͷ嶼ҽ˵¡
ɭڴӱϣ֣̽ץסͷ͸þɭɭĸ佧ͷѾ𶯻ȥһЦڿУͬʱ͵תޣ˺ѿռĲӰݺݵغɨ
ಡأ
ɳȥҹգصײڶһӲ쳣̫ʯɵļɽϡһɽײĩҷɣһӡ
һ̱
ɭǵЦŨһ˼ɽǰץסǾ죬Ҫ˺쿴佧
ͻȻоԼ˫ͻȻˡһͷ㿴Լ˫ţվǰԣǰȴɢһɫı⣬Ѿһ߶ĵطȫɰɭɭı˪һֱ쵽˫š
˫ţ˿Ѿ˼ɽʯϡ
ĸ϶䣬ɭ佧յ˫Ŀ৵ˣҫź⣬
佧ĳһŨҵȳɫƷ磬ɭС
ɭ֪ҪһƣԼֻҽɾͻþȫɳȥ
ꡪꡪ
վĵطһ˫ѥӵףճƬѪܵļѪһ·ţ׷浽ɭĽŵס
ɭԶĵطûվסŵװ˺Ƥ⣬ʹģʯ˺üѪӡ
е𺳸ǹ˽ϵľʹһȣѾȫļޣȻûܻ߰ĺӡ׵ķ̫̬ˡ
ʵǿ˹У佧Ѿˣ˵ĺء³ѪѾȾ½ҪǱΪ׽㱨֧Ѿĵˡ
ѵſɭ𺳶ûн֮ߣֻ£̱ڵϡ̫أѾߡ


249 ת
ɭЦˣ֪ӲѣһҲװӸղŵжϿԷȻûбУȴѾˡֻҪټһѾȡ
СҾͲţ㵱ģģҲҪ죡
ɭ˫֣ٵر仯ӵƣÿһεı仯ƶһ㣬Ʊ仯ϣѾ˰ɫ˫Ħһֽ졣
СܱҶҵľƣҲ԰ˣɭЦǰһѪӡ

佧֪ʱˡþһɫźɨߵɫ˪ĶӰǰ
ɭƺɨһ˹ȥѾǿ֮ĩɫʱ񵴷ɢİɫƣҫŽĹ˺ǰĿŴ̶Хһڤľֱǹ뵲ǰߵıܡ

һĴ죬ǳöǶ佧˵ٻ֪Էͼ⻯Ϊǹǲܶףһϣɸ˺ԼѾ֮£ֻû
˲ͻбܣĿڡ
ǣƵ˲䣬ˡ
꣡
ƴλúļӲ̫ʯɽ
ɭתͷ㿴Զ֮⣬һٻӰƮƮڵϣ׿ȻתǳȻ
㣡佧ȻһһѪʱ˹ȥ
ȻὫ佧ڵϣ˺󱳵ԧ콣ſɭΪʲôҪɱֻǸӣ
ΪʲôɭЦԸ㣬Ϊ㵱Ųӵ˺ãΪ㾹Ȼ˲ӵĻ飬ӸǷүϵãı£ΪСһõĳĻᡣʵ˵С;ˣᱻ͵˼ʦı𻨡͵ѧ˼ʦıƣ˵òɱ
ȻȻɫŭ޳ܣãҪߣô飬˵
죿ɭЦȻˣûл뿪
Ȼüһƾ㣿
һ˵Ȼʦ㡣ҪǼʦأ
Ȼһݣ۽ǣѾ˴ӺڰļˣһԼʦ壬ųƵʥе
Ȼתֵݼʦ壡
еصغһ£
ȻȻʦֶʲô
С͵ҵ𣿡
Ȼüбᣬ⺢ƺأȴȥƣˣһǺӵĲԣһŸʦǸ
أڰѺ£Ҳ£һѯʡˣǱˡô
ȻЩԥ룬ͷðɡ
ɣӺڰдһһӰ˲㵽˳Ȼߣ
Ȼͷһ壬ôˣ
ǳ޼ɵ𹳣󱳱Ž𹳺йٱʡ
𹳴յȻߣ͵͵ǧףгǹͻıҪǰı
Ȼһݣ֪үүһֱڵͼıİӣ벻Էǰжˡ
𹳵ĻȻǳĵͣеǣǿɫѾµˣʱǲܷߡΪ̶ʱʱ֡©ϢòǰǾͻƻԣ¡
еһ֣ĵǱ𹳵˰Χˡ
Ȼ壬㲻ùǣԼȥϽүү
𹳵ϢѾ˴ȥˣһɱȥ⺢Ӳùˡ
ȻҶиԼģܡ
еЦ˭Ҳߣ£ץľץģҲУ
е˵ʱͻȻˣйٱֻֽһǰһǣڵ͵һ壬Ӱŵ汩Ӷ
ͣ
ейٱѾһλеĵӵţֽеһӵԴ
̫죬ӵ书Ȼ͵ϮӦʱ䶼ûб㱻С
ǣҲֻü͵ϮһΣɭѸٷӦס⼸ҲѸٰΧ˫ս
еû𹳵ϣεضס˳Ȼŵĺ佧Ҫץס⺢ӣ˵Ѫƣһá
ǣûٸȻ£ҲҪˣһ˫ѾУץסԷΪвȳ޼ɡƮƮһİȻ
Ȼ˷ԧ콣Էơ
еҲûгӭųڼײһɲǣָһתڳϡ
ˣתȻļͷ
ȻûķֶΣ㱻ԼĽСҿӦ죬ʱܡ
еһָȻĳֱȥץ佧ȻֵĳѾһ˼ĽǶС
еһ΢΢ͷеŵϲͽǰ԰ڣԶ˵һָȻĳ
꣡
һΣȻĳеĵطһָϡϽزʯ塣
еȻʩչֽȻ෴ȻȻһٴγȥһΣ඼УĿֻеץϵ佧е⣬ȴû˵Ϊٶ̫ˣֲ˵ˡеᷳҪץס佧
еûнҲżȥץϵ佧վԭأһһХ쳹ҹգٴ̽ʱһɻ֮ɽһɨȥƵĳȻ˳䣬ɨĺ棬سһֻƣһֻڴһζĶƣ޳ܵ˳ȻǰСɵ˫塣
һƳֵ̫죬ھ޴ǰѹʩչȻֵʱѾгܵصǰǣסǺơȷ֮УϢ۶ϣƼûκͣ͡Ȼء
ȻԺֻһˣɡ
ͻȻȻͬϢ̽һָֻ֣ŵģһŵƣֻǣָͨף󺺰̶һ㣬ݶûκλڵĵеġ
еһһָûжģȴȴ̴Ѫ⻹Ҫ֣һУһǻ޷͸Ǻһֱָۣһֱࡣ
˿̣ȫ˷ĶϣѾûࡣ˿̵ģһĴһַָ·
˲䣬ˡ
һѪѵ࣬е۾͹̶ˣضǺָˡһģǴںЦӡ
ˣȻҶ
ʩչģȻǺųʥġƷɡġйٱʷһнߴ̡
⻹Ҷѧ֮һʩչһΣɱ书µһʦе
ɣ
Ȼ벻ԼģȻԼɣһлгһеʲôʲôĵءӵϽһ˽ҶĻ
ҶСԲˣܾˡ
㣬ô֪
ҿ𣬾͸佧⺢ӣ벻ҷ˷ҸдıףȫװģһʱҲ佧ȥүү֮󣬱֪㲻ڸϣҾ뵽϶Ҳ佧⺢ˣϼսҿ㼰ʱоա
Ҫıүү֪𣿡
үүѾµˣֻû뵽ǻǰ֡ѾˣʳǺŶѾգİɡ
еҶһָУɭһͲ𹳵Ķ֣֮Ѿˣһģ𹳻ֽ𹳻˶ǳ
ֶˣĵɢǣûܳңΪƴķѾ־ذΧˡ
Ҷͷ˿ŻԲѵ佧ôӣ
Ҳ֪ûаźãúܿˡӽԺԽҸʦ˵ʦӦûӦġ
̫ˣ㵱ʦһܳɲšȴ뿪
ڻ𹳵Ļ£˱佧˳뿪˰ΧȦ

죬ǵץˡ֮Žͣ
ץ־Ҷ˴лأδõıԵһ׶ûв롣
뵽УѾһ֮顣
һܶϢֱ֪Ӳıˣ󲿷ֶɱıѾˡ
Ҷĵ㡷ޣԭģŰʹҲΡ
һģ೤޼ֱǣͷ֮µĳš֮ϱ¸ˡѾǴ괺ڹ
ڰʹ֮ǰûܽӴЩطǻʵڳҲûܼǡǻʵ۵ľ˾೤޼ɵ


250 ˻
͵¡漰ܶˣǾȴ࣬Ҵ󲿷ֶǿڹŴϳĲɴ˿ɼһߡ
ɴ̷гȻдʣٱ͸ҶλԪִܵ¡ٱԪ󶨡У׹ݵȷϡ顱ģҪ̲׼ύû󣬵ɻʵ۶ᡣĳ
ڱ͵ҶʱҶдʡΪıղ֮ǰǲ⹫ģһоⲻҶ޴֪о֪ģ㡷޵ˡ
ۣ
Ҷ˰ΣָϽҳڷģֱӷ㡵ľڣǻģʹ㡵ĲңǷ⺫αı֮⣬ûʵԵС
Ҷ֪ǳ޼һֲٰģһĽҲ⣬϶ǱͬģҲ˵ִרоɡķѧʿҲûа취ӷɽǶȥ㡷򸾡ΪڹŴɵȨԶԶֲϻʵۻȨεǲܽ˶ĹʵġҪΥߵĺǻ֮⣬ûʲôý
ǣҶӲ㡷رǴԼͬ׽һһҪȵġ
ڤ˼һڣ뵽һ·ϣ·ãͬʱԼϽȥ

ʹ
޹
ɢϣһʫڿšǰһ¯ȻǱѩأȴů紺
ʱһһŮӣЦģǳȻ
Ȼɹֵ÷ŮƱ䣬ǰԳ췭ظȴֿԸûһۡȻ
ȵǰ֣ôпˣڿɶûء
ʦĽҿ书ûʱڿʲôأ
ʫǸһ·ݵǵǸʲôݵһҶʫ¬ڶǳƳ磬Լʣ̰ӡˢ˺ܶ౾вûз֮䣬ݴ˵ҽҲһ˵ͦҲⲻء
иֳ˷ܵĹâ˳ͷأԼҲй⡣ƵҲˣͦġ
һҶʫȻ˵˴еĿģǵɹǸ˹𣿡
ǵðϧڵˡЩԼɵĶԹûɵĸеһꡣԼûܾǿУžͻɽ緢ˣֻ˿Ѿ˵ϡ
ȻһЦûˣ
ģﾪϲӣô֪
ΪҲˡ
ﻰЩζ㣿ˣǲѾ𣿡
Ȼҧҧ촽ΪסΪֻܰǶԿķЩˡ
һĨʣģ
ΪʲôҪƭ㣿Ȼȵĸ첲֪ʵҲϲǱġ
űСһתߣˣң˵ЩԱҷ֣Ұø㣬԰ɣ
аȻ죬ΪҲĲϲǳ˹֣ԲŰתһ˾ӦһϢ˵ȻϲǣϢֻ¶ͲǺϢˡ
˵ʲôأʲôϢϢģ˵ʲôˣ
ȻӻȡһţݸԼ
ʲô˹չһԼɹдǳ˹ֵĻ顣ɻųȻ
ȻҼҵĺ԰ݸңת㣬˵֪ʵ޸ˣһ飬ҪˣȡԼ
粻ѻԼˣҪֱ˺٣ͬûа취ҵġ
ȻЦˣɵʱôڳˣҲˣǶ֤ҪŻ£д˻С
ҧҧ촽ǼˣҪնǵ֤ġֻҸ硢Ż֤ҸȻˣֻҪҲ˵ûа취
ȻҡͷѾӦ֤
Цˣĸ첲ӣ㲻ȴ˰
ȻΪӦˣֻҪҰ飬ͽһԼ
ҲлԼﾪȵ㲻ֻӦʮŮǮ𣿡
ǰҵҲд˼޸Ļ顣ҪȻô
ﻺͷԭô˵Ҫǰ飬͸Լ
ţ׼ȷ˵ܲܰɣҵĻԼֻҪҰѻ㡣ԣҸǳ˹ɵĻԼѾˡܸܲؼܲܰ顣
һתҰ첻ɣװɣ
ȻЦˣ㶼ûʲô飬˵첻ɣĪ㵱ϲˣԸ£
΢죺Ұ϶Ǽ֮ҿ϶첻ɵġԲ˵Ҳա
кߵĻҲ
ʲô
˵ˣ˸飬ϣ޸Ǿ飬ҪǰˣȢ㡣ͬʱὫǳĶΪ׵Ƹ㡣
һڣҼ޲޸Ұ£Ǿ£
ҲǣֻҪ飬Լǻ¡ҪǲԸ⣬ֱӽǵĻԼҪԸ⣬Եõ챦ôġ
ʲô챦
ȻģǾֳ˵ֻ˵Ǹ䡣һġ
˰죬ˣҰʲôɡ
Ȼһ˵ٸʵ飬ᵽ˾ٹٸԭְ
һ£ʲôϵ
ȻҡͷҲˣ˵ֻҪʮ֮ڰ飬һڵΡ
ô㣬ңǳıŮүүһ仰ܸ㶨
Ȼ̾һڣ˵ˣүүϲ٣ǲӦġңջҪʵּԣһˡ
಻ϲ٣
Ҳ֪ô˵ġ
ת˰죬̾Ϣһðɣ˭ȹҵرˡ
Ȼҧҧ촽ǡϣ˻أϣ䱦أ
Դϣأ
Ȼô֪
Ҳ̾һʵԼҲ֪ʱܰ˵ɡȻүүϲҹɲˣֻȥ˵˵ɲҴƱ
˵ˣֻҪԸæһа취
мֵ⣺ǵȻġ룬˵ĵһ𣿡
ȻҡͷУ˵ˣ£ϣܳףŻ㣬ûбҪ
ЩȻ⵹Ҳǡ
˵˼лȻǻȥˡ
ûֱӻؼң˸ҶԼõľ¥Ҷ档ҶϢ
˼֮ҶһƲֵӣôˣӦ
Ӧˣֻǣ˵˻黹䱦סȻ˵Ҫˣ᲻Ȣ
Ѿ˵˺ܶˣᣡҪҵôȢһʱҪɵҵߣ˵ˣ޸ҵġҪȻҲἸҪɱˡ
һӦأ졭
˺ˣҶ§ڻû㣡֪ҵС
ŮöģһȻʱеĲͲ춼׵Ժ󣬻ҶĲӸζ˺һᣬֵ˵ܰ𣿼ȻҪҪһȥүүɣš
ҶҡͷĻԲүү֪Ҫ֪ˣ޷ٸԭְֻ»֮ǣмǣ
Ȼæ֣صصͷǺðɡġ
Ҷֻǣû㡷ޣҪһܰˡˣֻ١ܹٸԭְһ취㡷򸾡ǳ͢ϳһӹϵֻҪδûлᡣܳɣǲٹٸԭְԸʵ֣ܳΪԼڳ͢һҪɽԼǸ˹ɵݣﹴϣһű

ʹƸε޹
Ƹϳȥˣڸ˵
޹ĵذУһĵ̵̣һ̫һͬʱա̫Ϸϣ˵
˵һͨٵĺû˵һȥݣεչǣ˵εвšֻ΢Ц˵ϣƸ˵һٹٸԭְĻ֮ſڡ


251 
˵ã˵ʵ˭ģ
û˰ҾǾ顣ʵ۽ҪӢҾǣñûˣ
ˣǽã㻹ƭң
죺ô˵ƭ㰡
ܼ򵥣㲻ػ𢣬ǹˣǸҲûʲô˵顣ĿĵģûĿĵ飬ԲǰΪûʲôҲƣ˲̫лߡǺһмҵˣȻҲῴˣֻбһܡңҪǽµòӦһӣԲԣ
ˣ㣡˵ʲôʲôӣҿûУ
ǽãʲô˽̫ˡղŰٿ컨׹ֻ˵ңôѿģ㶯ĵˣҲôľ˵գ˭ʲôϵֶû˵Ƽʲôĺ󱲰
֪ԼĽľԼƭġԣֻúͷߴǵˣһɵĳ˹֡
ɣʲôģ
ϴλûȡɹԭͺķе˵Ĳ֣еϵĻɽ緢ǿʴĺˮȵȡȴûᵽڸ˱ĿҶ顣첻֪
ڣ﷢˵ƭ˽죬ͬʱȻɻţǾҪ˵ˣΪ˫һԼڣǿǶ֤˵ģңҲѾɵӰӣ²ƺֻ¶ý֪ںôȴûϸ롣ǣԭԭĶ˵ˣԼôѹҶǵĴżҪǵ鶼˵ˣ˵ҶԵ±Թξǵ飬гӵǿнߵ鶼˵ˡ󣬰ѳȻ˵ҶҲ˵ˡ
һԲ꣬ã˵ʵǲϲ˹֣
˭ϲˣЩߣʲôӶ֪ʱӦ飬ҲֻΪ˻Ȩ֮ƣġȻӦˣҲʲôͻԼܰ쵽ǲȫ𣿡
ҪϲǽаţҪ㲻ϲбĲͬİš˵ʵ
ܶһеĿ⣬ͷߵնˣΣżײص˵ͷ
ЦˣȻңҪˣܷá
ȻҡͷҲô˵˵ˣܰɣԸлԼŻ¶ġҲû˼
š룬ڣûʵּٹٸԭְ飬һǸ˹ֵϡٸжҲǶĻرǵĻԼңܾ֮Ƿء
ϲסһ£лл㣡

Ԫܺʷةб೤޼ɽе˼Ⱥ︮ۡڻŵȺ򣬲֪޼ͻȻؽĿʲô
ڻ޼ɻû¶棬Ҳ˽ۣȻ˶ǳ͢ĸ߹٣ڳ޼ȴǽŵôҳ
˺ð죬޼¶棬ŷҲкϥ£ڨڨظ£бۿˣʵ۸ոּΪ̲顣
˶һةСʵ۵ǻҪ٣ʵȴȰᵽݣֹٸԭְʵк⣿
޼ɳʵų֪Ҳϲ٣ٱˣҲͲüʱһ꣬ʵ۾ͽٸԭְҪǵʱбΣ
ǰةæŸͣӦںʵ۳⡣ҪȻԻʵ۵ԸǾԲľϵġ˭أ
޼ɵ˭ĲҪҪǣʵٵĿģ϶Ϊǵ飬ڰ£Ա㱣סֵܵԲУˣǱɱ
Ԫܶ޼ɵ⻰˵óɱ͸¶һֳİɵöȫһݣ˵
޼ɶ˶٣ֵսһ£ڳðʱǸô˵ҲкġԲ©
Ԫܶ˸Ͻʩ񣺡ְ
ͬʱ
ȻҶסں԰ûȣ˵Ϣʵ۸ոּٹٸԭְˣ
ҶȻѾʷ֪ǻǺܾϲϾͨԼָıʷ㡱֮ѾݣھǡּҪȥݣصһʱˡ
ҶһЦȻԼֲЦˣ㣬˵ˣҪ㣬ܾǲǰü޸㡣ȥ𣿡
ȥΪʲôȥҿɴûеʹȥء
ȻСٵøˣ뿴ʹҿԴȥΪʲôҪȥȢߣ
ҶǣɵѾͷҪ˵ٱߣ㣬˭Ҳ
ո˵΢ЦͻȻסˣΪоһǿޱȵѹԼȫסˡֻҪԼһ£ᱻ
Ҷطſ˳ȻλȻˣΪʲôҪزأ
ӳȻ԰ļɽתһߣһͷɫƳƮǰȻƣȴ⣬塣òϿꡣ
Ҷиһݣ˲֪ʲôʱϢǱ뵽ԼߣԼֱڲŸܵĴڣҪ͵ϮֻԼѾһٴˡ
Ȼתͷϲؽˣʦȥסߵ֣Цôˣ
ҶжʱȻԭ˾𽭺Ķ书µһĳƺŵǾѹ뵽ԼߣԼҲûв
ҶϽֵݼүӡ
ûаЦ⣬ԳȻȻ˳ȥм仰˵
ȻæʦɹͽǸ˹ְ
Ѿ֪ˣ֪øࡣȳȥɡģʦΪġôϣǴһִȰ
ȻֻõͷҶɣȳȥʦġ
Ҷͷ΢΢һЦûж˵
Ȼ˺ԺԺŹˡ
ҶѾĲƣԣϵЦҲʧˡ˫֣ŶԷԡ
Ҫ㣬ʵش𡣡
Ҷû˵
һ⣬˭ʦ˭סʲôˣ
˼үӣһĸ⣬˵ֻġ
ش𣡡ø䡣
ҶüŻҽҶҲɣҼݡûбˡҵʦ档
̧Ǽ䣬Ѿɫһɾһһʵش𣡡ҲظڶΣ˭
Ҷ˫ͫವһ󣬺һ书µһĳ֣аģȫȫ·ʱԱķ緫Ͷ´죬屻һ㵭ľǡ
ҶҲвҲظڶΣ˭
ƺҶĻشе˾㵣һ˫ӱøǳɱϷ㣡
䣬ԵѾڿնƽƽػسҶĳ
Խٶ̲صԽҶصһ󳷰벽ʯ϶ʱֳһǳǳĽӡӴ֩һơ
̤ţƣһǳɡƷɿػƣХһµİɫˣӭĵƻеҲ𣺡ȭ
Ҷĳȭ˫ͻȻʢǿһŭߣһֻͻȻ˱䷨ɫľεĵ绡ž죬˸
ͣ
ûǿײľ޴죬̵ֻͬĸˮʱһ죬ȭͷ˶Է棬ҶȴоԼûκ㣬·һȭڿС
һãʱ绡Ҷֱһգ֮䣬ȫոʱ򣬱Ѿʧ˫ϥ
ҶԭԱķ緫һ·ûб٣ֻѸٱǸȫķҲ˲ȥˡͬʱ壬ȴܵһγһʹ࣬·սһ㡣
ʧ˫ϥ˫˲ʧȥ޷֧һҪ¹򣬲ɴ󺧣һģһǿױȵȭͷӿصһײڵ棬嵹ɶ
Уһŭ𣺡ܣ
תһӵѸȫ޸ƺεĵ绡ľ˫ϥҲ˲ָأ̩ɽ


252 ɱжɱ
һûأٴ׷ɫѾƣ΢΢ԵɫеžͬƵģ绡ҲٴγֱϣһӣţһյƣٴαϮ
Ҷһҽһ͵һ壬ʯγӣ
صһɫľٴδܣγһ㾢£סȫһȣ
ܣ
ɫ˺ڻɫĴſƵľףδһεף˫ۿǰγһԲεɫƣǱڵľʹһء
أǿĹǰĲ԰סƣûκХֻǴֲĵ绡ľɵơ
꣡
һպĸˮֻǣһεҪܶ࣬˵
ҶķԲܣѿ룬һ޼᲻ݵƣԲܺҶ˫ۡ

һΣȻһֽײ绡ٴһֲ˼ٶȣѸɨҶ壬ʧϥǴ
ҶϵĺڻɫĴŹƵľףת˲ҷٴǿֲĳʹ࣬ȥͬʱ˫ϥٴʧȥصعʯ档
Ҷ˫͵һʯ档Ӳ֧ס˫ϥھֻдͣסˡ
ɫѿǿصغһյ廹ûأ͵ǰܣһΣøǰ෴ǻţǿǣŴ̶ļХģҲƣȭյȭ绡˰ȭͷžžը죬ҶҼ硣
ҶͻȻ̧ͷ΢΢һЦ
ಣ˫ƴʯڿշתƣ˲ɫɢһ͵ĹâƻεڿбǸŵƣָ
ָѾͨʥ࣬ת
ǡ
ֻһ졣У˶ҶĽ׵ָȭϡš
ֻǾ仯ǰĶ
ȭָཻһȦԲεľѸɢγһҫ۵Ĺ⻷˽
⻷͵سͣǿɨҶƺɨʱɰʯ˵ķɢҷɢǿޱȵ˳£˶Ըղŵײ˫ʯϳۣʯмҷɡͣʮĵط
ƶûб䣬ȭͷ״Ҷָ
ɣʦǱˣ
ǽͷһӰǳȻҶס㿴һѪʶ˫Բɣһգգǰһ̽ϢѾûˣŵöʱתͷʦûˣô죡
һסظѪӿһһ˭ǿ
ȻĴңҶڵϣУֳӴʮָָͷҶһûаϢ
ȻҶʦɴˣҡҲˡ
ͳּ˼ǨĸˣҪʲô˸ã
˵䣬Ѿ£һָ磬ҶʺеѨλ˼ָ󣬽Сһɻע롣
ͻȻе̵ĺˮһⱼӿȻΣңһǿޱȵϢסԷɵؽƳҶС
ȻҶƣСô£ƺȡ˵ֲ
ʱҶ۾޵滨ĳȻתһͻȻ³һѪ
Ȼ֮§Ҷôɡ£⣬ʦ˺ˣҲãء
Ҷ˼үӲ书µһ
һȭʩչȭѩСӵĶ书ʲôϵ
СӣƺѩΪСӣ˵ͱѩҪ
ҶûлشֻڳȻĻŮ㡣
Ѿ˳Ӳ
Ҷ԰ŤתųȻСɵ˫壬
ȻͰתͷʦɵ˵ʲôҪ򣿡
صغһҪһѩСӵĶžѧԸϹͷȭٺ٣ǳһȭѩǿһȭɱú书ʦĺųӵԹȭɺ󾢣һαһǿ֮ʦһϳ仯Ʒֻ͸ʦʬˣ
ҶףΪʲôȻʦһɱ֣ԭԼõȭͺõйٱʶɱУͷŭˣͬʱҲòɱлȻӲѩȭ
һ㣬ɿЦԼ书ףһȭһйٱʣ׶ɱУѧͨҪȻһʩչ͸վɱУ׿Ҳᡣ
˵ҶСӣʵ˵ʩչָʲôǲʥйٱʣ
ȻͷһϳҶкȻ˲书µһʶҲǷǷȻǲܳϵģװܵӣʹ˼ʵֻ֮ǹȲһȭԱûȥ
ЩǱойٱʷѾйٱʷжѾȫѧᱳ죬ͲĥˣҪʱ߹ڹһ㣬ˣѾúų书µһòʮֹŽ£ɼ书
Ҷûлش𣬱һ㲻ѩСӵĵӣѧйٱҲûʲôǣֻ鷳Ҫ˿ʼˡ
ҶͷһݣѩԼ˵һæֿŵҵʦʵڲ֪үӼ¡
ʵ㣬ұ˵˵㣬ҿȻϣһ䣬ϵ
ȻˣſҶסĸ첲ʦҪ˺ɣ
֪ϲ˹֣ɹȹ֪ӻһЦ˵Ĺϵ˵ҾҪɱǱ˻ɱ
˭Ȼʡ
Ҷ̸һ⻹ȻĽ楡
Ȼһң
ȻҡҶվĨȥǵѪۣڵѾûд󰭣үӾ̽ҵİɣ֪ȻģֻҪȻȻҵҡԲһʲôǣοǻ£Ǳġ⵹̫ˡðɣȻǾͲͷүתԸˡ
벻ҶҪ󣬲ɵһ£Ҳã߰ɣ
ȻһҶҪĵľһ楿ҶҪ޸Լ鷳ɲŮһ뵽⣬Ȼʦղ͵ҲˣɶѾ˵ˣϲȢģֺαȥأ
Цûô򵥣ĳ˹ֵĿ֣ǲ֪ݵһӡǲҪȢĶҪģϵʼҵ飬ôϡͿ͹ȥˣ
ȻҲǣеɣʦ뱣֤ɵľ԰ȫ
ǵȻľˣôɱأղǳɱУҲĺûг¡Ȼһ治ý
ʦô˵ˣȻ΢һ
Ҷһͨʳǳȥ
һֱһ·ʵȡĹô£
ҶҴСҲ֪
һۣȻǲŵģȡ˱˵ãƺܲɣ
Ҷ͵һЦ书ǲ̵ģʲôʲôȡǲһư˼ԴıǺˣѧһǿʳǿȨʲô취ֻҪʤˣǿߡڵǴ˼Դʤȡ˼ʤʲô˵ˣȡ˶ʧȥڹΪһͨˣŵÿˣ˵ⲻһư˼Դı
Ȼ벻ҶȻһһʱȴԲӴĻƮΣȻϣһ䣬һһҪʵ˵书ܺã˵ʲôݵһӣ־ͨɣ˲Żʵۺ楻͵ģֻҪȡǵΣܷɻڴ
ҶҲϣɻڴֻϣҪͷؾͺá


253 ׺
ЦЦǻʵ谮ӣǵõ極ʶЧһʵۣλͷأҪ˺㣬ʵۻҪأ
Ըˡ
ʹҶһĿĹŴʹԶȹʹΰϾʹܶѾ˹ŽڣĶѾûˣĻʹԣȻǲᲢ۵ġ
Ҷһ㣬һŮò绨ʵĵطǸܣѹôƴͷѪҪٵʵۡ
һҶȥ֮󣬷ֲûа齣֪ߵȼĻȻҪվŵģһԱߴ׶
һᣬ˺ЩˣǹŮ̫࣬ȻǼŮӣһ
һۿҶһ˫ĿȵԲˣӣСŴһŵѼΣܿСݡͰ˵ţ㣿ǡǳ˹֣
ҶĿȴһϣ󸾵ֻӺݻݣòȴһװüë۾ӣС죬޲ľ£ر˫۾һ˶סĿת
ҶҲԣֱԱߵһŽоѣϽͷ
ȴһӳ嵽ǰס죬ŭ㣡ǳ˹֣
ҶЦɹɳƵҡ
㣡ƭҺÿ࣡һƴȥȴҶһץס֡
Ҷǲѣնĵõɹǲ׷ɱĶֻڸǱĿ
紺£
޺޵˦Ҷֺ֣޺޵صһۣȻˣ
Ҷʼ磬졣
ůмɫ£۴һ˵ζҶ˵˵𣿡
Ҷ㹪Լ˵һһʮ˵ˣȻԽԼѩʦΪʦ֮û˵
һֱţ֮󣬵ͷᵽ㣬ҲⱣýϧ˵⣬ɫЩƬ̣ת˻⣬ʫҶǲܷҲһףǿ߲ʫı£
ҶѾԤϵһ⣬̹Ȼ⡣
Ȼûаƴǣֱ˵Щ⣬΢΢ͷһıýƫɸ˻ԼǵĻ±ûġ뿴ﵽʲôУԴΪ⣬ʫһװɡ
ҶԺֳдŮʫʣоǵǲʤö١һƪأ
Ȳֱ̫ӵıﰮĽģΪ滹һȻأɲǺúģԼҪдһĺɫʫʣĶС̳ӻøԼַ죿үү޼֪Լô˼ǨģһԼǿɾͲˡ
ΣֲܹҶһ޹ʹʫʣҲòʶ
õѡʵ֣ҿÿ˶ͬʫʣҲԸԼº·ˡ
һ뵽Ŵʫ뵽ıǴʫˣʫһЩ͸㲻˵ʲôʫҽ˵һ͵Īġɪһף£ϣ˼˼֮ĶΪʫȻԡ
Ȼʫ൱һΪд޵ģһ׵ʫǽƲһȻͲͬˡ
ʱȣϸ룬Ҷʼⲽķǽ߷ŵһ١߲꣬Ѿٱߣָ̧٣е
ɪ޶ʮңһһ˼ꡣ
ׯԺ۴жž顣
׺ᣬů̡
ɴ׷䣿ֻǵʱȻ
ʫﶼһ£ͷ˼ʫеĺ塣Σҡͷ̫죬дɡ
йŮ̧˼źķıҶд״ʡ˫ţ͵ǰӣҶ㿴һ˫޳裬ϸӨ͸˪ѩɵа̾ѹԵʵۣ˼
Ҳֻһۣ㴹ͷ˼ע⵽֣ǿǴ󲻾
һֵݸ￴꣬͸ܶ˶ʫһһͷˮ
¶΢ЦҶͷܲ⡣
仰Ҷһŷ
ȻʵۣʵӦûͬģ񲿰Ż°ɡְҲ°ŵġ
Ҷʩл
ͨ죬ϼ죬㣡һûܶأôʹӦˣ
ףʡ΢Ц
糺죬תͷһҶЦЦԼݺݵһۣУҪ㻰
ҶȭǸղ˵ˣǳ֮ʣҿɲΥּܲ
㣡ţתͷ죬㣡۸ң
㲻۸ͺõúˣΪ̫裬Ϊ䵽³ҪΪ䡣
ôҸǼȣһҶˣƸأ㲻˵ֻҪӦ˻£ͷϡƷΪƸ𣿡
ҶǵȻȻѾӦͻȥƸϡһҪ˵ģƸΪϡ䣬ֻôһֻܽ׸һˡ
ǻʵ۵ĳǧ谮һˣµ챦ʲôûʶҶһССִ£óʲôһЦͷǿɶлˣ
ͬҶȥȡƸ
ҶסȡһöɹһöɹɹȻôˣȴһֱʣûбʡ
һװãڻص˻ʹ
Ǻ棬Ҷ˸ʲôԼΪõƸԸһһֱš
ڣȵҶˡ
Ҷйǰ򿪡һƮƢ
ɹﾪϲӣǳԹɹģҳһ㣬ζ̫ϤˣͷȥһȻɹʮһʮһɹ
仰пϲΪһĸµŮˣĵĪԼഺȥֻҪסഺκδԸ⣬ɹѰɹɳһ֧ǧ˵ľǰϧ󲿷ף˶˵ɹǿУɽ緢ɹɹ벻Īִ£ȴóһɹ
Сɹҿţ⵱ɹ
ǣҶֵͬѾժɹģͺķˡ벻ȴιʵôõģʣµأ
ʣü΢ǻû˵Ѿժɹ顣
ͷ龭˵ˣû˵ǳԵ˵飬ǾԲ˵ģ˵ֻüժĸʣΪժʱǿʴĺˮͰɹʴˡʣµŶǿʴĺˮڻˡ
Ҷô࣬Լ⣬Ȼ˵
ĽͣҶдѯʡҶæ˵ʵġǳŴ뿪ʱΪ赲ͺķˡΪ˻ƭ˵ĸɹҲˡҴ·ȥѰҡ·ϣĸɹԵֻʣһʱɽķˣ˳죬ˣϻʣµһɹȴߣҾ͵õˣӳɹ
ⷬټ٣꣬ͷѵ˿óɹΪƸ⵱챦Һ⡣лл㣡
ҶϽ˵ÿӦõģȴֹƺ̫ʣµɹԵˣ¿鷳ˣʣɹȥͳԵأǲһѳǿɾ鷳ˡԼѾԹˣٳԻ᲻˷ѣ
ţȴ¶ֺ
ղŻȥȡɹʱѾ˻ʵۣʵۺͬŻ£˵㾫ͨɣڴԪִܵ£ŰıһɷŹһˣҲԩһˡ
Ҷĵʵ뱣ֶֻͽ͵ģԼɲ˻ˮȴӦ
ӻʹҶһֱĥôȻ˵¡
ʱȴ֪ฮﳤȻѾүүַˡ
޼ɺҲڻʹͰߣԣ콫޸Ҷ飬ʹ˳޼ɶ
Ҷǳ޼һεģѾҶԼˣҪü޸ͽ¿˻ʵԼ£Լߵˡ
޼ǲֵģΪҶ˵ĲܣҪ⻹ǹϵ⣬ԣ¡׼Ҫ˵µʱŮȻˡ


254 ڻ
ȻǡϢ޼ɳĹ̫࣬һ䣬̫͵ŸˣȻɵˣڵζûͻȻ۵һתֱүү޼ɵԺӡ
޼ߣ㿴Ȼ޵һѱһܽɳһôˣ
Ȼ˽үүŵүүȢﰡ
޼Щ㵣ô֪ԼҪȥֹ£漴ϾˣŮԭ򣬶ңԭֻ»Ϊ˵һܵӣŮĺ󱳣ǻ˵
Ȼûүүʣֱ˵˵ˣүүҡҲϲɣҪ޸ɣȢﰡɴӦȢҵģһǿӦģҪŮ
һȻˣ޼Цˣۺ룬⺢ӣҲֵôޣʲôãһССִ£ҳҵıŮü޸
ȻˣͷѾһУһᣬүүŮŮѾǡɵˣ
޼ϵЦʧˣô£
ȻϹ飬Ѿǵ糺죬ͷҶɹŮǸ˹֣
޼ɴһ£ܿ϶
ȻܣɹΪ˾Ů߶ȥɳ̲ϣϴϵͲʣԿĿұܣһֱû˵
ǡǵôˣ޼ת֪˵ʲôزܾһô졣
ȻҲ˲úߣͷɳ̲ϣ߶־ҷŮΪ˰Σգֻܱû뵽Ůͳˡ
޼̾һȻˣô˵
䲻ң˵˵ͣʱý˵׵ģ˭뵽ȴүүŮҵˣҵĹޣүүһҪŮ
˵Ȼֱүү
޼ɵˣүү
ȻʱΪЦүүĸ첲ֱϻỨ
޼۰š۵һ£ȱˣҿֹȢǣҲǳףٶʱڲС
Ϊʲô
밡ֹȢȴ޸ǲ˶˷𣿡
ȻЦŵͷ˵ҲǣҲûô׵ġллүүүүϽȥɡҪȻȻʵʥּһ£Ͳðˣ
İɣʥּүүҲϣ޼ɺƹЦţţ˳ֱʹ

ҶûøôȻ˵˼ǰ󣬻ǾӲͷƤʵʵ˵á
ǣȻʱ˵ˡȻȴ֪үүܸ㶨ãΪˣǿҶȢҶͬ飬Ǳ§ǣԼϽֲ
һ·ϣȻߴߴģҶûʲô˵¡һֱͻظϣûῪڡΪȻƺѾ˵ʲô˵Ļᡣ
ҶֻЩɥڻصԼסĳȻ֪֮ӣҲֻܿȥˡ
صԼסʱѾǰʱˡ
ŮѾ˷˵³ԷŮ˵ŻʱԺˡϽܳȥš
ҶסһСԺûŷƬ̣伱Ҵ˽үʹˣ
ҶŶһӦǻʵʥּҪԼˣſһȴһ¡ֻԺ߹ģżһӶӺּ̫ܳࡣ
Ҷæֵүˣ
ҲƴǣŷˣЦЦǸǳԷˡ
޷鷿˵
õ鷿ϹϹģ˳ȥ
׵ĺ룬˷ǰ顣
Ҷûʣţɫֻ¶ʲô¡
һ£ǴĿĻ£ˡѻ齻дһ˻ҲС𣿡
Ҷϣ벻һһٰʮת䣬ԼɹͰװһ˵һԭ𣿡
Ƭ̣ʵǳֹˣ˵ǻף޸һССִ£Цġ˵㵱٣ȴִҡͷ˵ҲУ˵ΪԪִܵ£㸨ģʱڻΪ٣Ҳʺϡǻʵ۵ľ˾ˣʵۺֲֻôӦ˻顣
ҶˣкܿǳȻ֪£ѹ˸߲ҵģСġҲã߶ϣĽ
֪ί˵ˣԭǳ׵Ǹۡɸ㣬ھլԺϷµģԲ̫ʱ䣬ò˶þ깤ˡ⣬һ鱦Ϊرͬʱ˵书ӻȡһѷǳıи㣬׵ɹ
˵գӻȡһԲͲ̯
ҶһֻԲͲڽɫһصĻƣʵʲôУ
ҡҡͷûֻ֪ǣȵ۵սɳʱԵɺϴһλ𻯵ĵǵõģ˵ǾıУû˷иôáһֱ䱦˵ɹħҲصֻ֪͸㣬ԵɹԵһ
Ҷӹ˰죬Ҳûɶоֺᣬ˻
ֵڶ£ɹ֪ʣµɹܷ׳ʵۺһ㡣ʹͰ⡣
ҶҡͷЦҵֻõһĶѾԵˣġ
һЦ˵ͷǳۣƥɹ飬ѾˣʣµɹǳΣգѣ׸ʵۺȡܲٻȫ
Ҷ㲻Ҳûа취˵һ䣬ֻһɹûˣǿ
ҡͷվˣȻ㲻Ը⣬ȻҲǿһ䣬һ񣡸ǣ˵գǴ̤ˡ
Ҷ벻˵߾ߣعѾûӰˡֻԺһӵĽ鱦
ҶģĥղĻǰԼɹ鴫ֻ֮µϵҪԼˣһҪģǺķ
죬ҶСĽӣǣȴûκ鷳һƽعȥȻ·ʧƵġ


255 ط
ԭ͸Ҷõķ¸ۡѾһ£ƽҶҶ˽ȥӴһլ
լԺģȻȲĸۡȴһ㸻Ҫɺΰö࣬ѾһӦȫҶ˰ȥˡ
Ǩ֮ϲűõٷּΣٸԭְϢ
Ҷ֪ϢһķŰıѾдʣ͵ΣñԪöϰˡ
ɣ̰֮Ҫ̲ˣ̲ͬд̵ģűͻʵղþҶȵľơԼûԿ޼ɵġ
ٵεĵڶ죬ŰݷҶ
̲ƷȴԵŰݷһƷûֻ֪Ļ˲ף֪ģΪԴˡ
ûʵּٹٸԭְʱ򣬱ôּ̫˵Ҷɵġ벻Լʱ̣Ȼ档ƻʵˡ֪Ϣ˷ܵһҹ˯š
ݷҶģݻ
ɷ˴Լߵ
ҶٵУЦϵܣѾ֪Ͷϣ԰ͻ㣬ԺҪƴӴ
ｿޣҶҶȻϲʤʾлҲһˣǵŮˣǲܾġ¸Ͻǽȥס
ٿν緢һɨʱǷϣҲס߶һĸлҶİ˵Ķ顣Ҷǲ˼
ȿ˵ˣϵЦʧˣҲ֪ҹٸԭְҵһαŰıӣǴԪִܵ£ⰸӺϤʲô
ҶŰ˵ȷıʵҿı֮ǰͻȻݻ𣬽լԺˣֲ׼ˮǰȻ˳޼ɵĻɣ˴̽ۡǧȫװıʿı˰¶鴦ûģؼ
˵ɨһ۽յķţѹ֪޸ԸıǱݵġȻӣǳ޼ɴѹеֶΡⰸѰڴˡӵ֤ݣ͹˵ЩĪе˼ǣְֻ¶ﲻ֤ݣ˵졣
ƵƵͷǰ˵ûȻûпԵ֪һЩģôһ˵͸ˡ̲飬ӱ֤ȷ䣬û֤ݣɣҲ֣
ҶЦѾ֪µĽ֣֪㡵ǲɸıģȻ۵ۿҪֲӣ룬飬̲飬ɲΪһģôԩٴָΪƽѩأ
Ҷ⻰ȻָٲҪΪ˾һ㡣͸޼ӲƴԼǰ̡ٲһһα֮ٶ˺ܶණҲѧϧҶĻ˼֪ΪΪǿǲǵġ
ִҪͷ˭˾һ˽ػˣִЧģҲֵƴģǣ˾һΣרȨֻεˣٱִڷɶ˻
޼ȻһѧңŷƣһεİӣԲߵķ֮·ΣǴѹԼͣȨѬʱ÷ȥսΣҲ͵ڼʯͷ
̲ܵĸ߹٣ȻǾþٳ֣ο͸һ㣬ֻ㡶жŷĹ˽ֲһԩװſ
ڣıĽ档
Ҷ֪һ㣬Ҳ֪ЩŰ壬ѧɵĶЩŰ壬ϲţǼ⣬øһ㿪
Ҷ飬ӼȻǳ޼ɵֶΣ÷ȥԿֻԴﵽĿģΪ޼ҲһͨɵˣԣҸ˾ãҪǣõİ취²ڷϸǽ󣬶ͨ顣Ȼ޼ɵ˸һЩڳ֮Ϲ飬ܻһϣʵ۵ӣ޼Ӧò̫ġ
ҶʵѾ֪ڳ֮ϣҲûʲôϣܾȵ㡡ô˵ֻǲڷϸ޼ӲӲӶŭڳϰʱǹϣԸ㼺̫ŭ޼ɡ
ٳƬ̣̾һ
٣ҶźĻѩӡ
Ѿϴ£һͭǰŮɷڸʪͷݽǴһ¯ů紺
ҶɷϽ񣺡ү
ŤͷȻһЦˣ
Ҷͷ߹ȥɷӹǰǶӡɷɵ˳ȥҶվһͷ㷢ͭ￴ЩģӰ˵ԼһμΣǸڵҹסȥһ¡
ｿһŤͷԹһΪѾҸء
ôأҶ֫ƳݣһǵŮˣҿ˭ģҪİæҲҵĽ졣
̾ϢһĻЩӣҶǣ㣬Ҳ֪ھǹô
Ҷе飬ǻһ㽿۵ʱǵ뷨ڣѾˣҲ뿪ң
ｿҶ˵ˣֻǵŮһ㣬ûж˵һֵĻҪ˵ˡƫƫհǰ˺󡣡
ҶЦץ֣Լһ£Ҹô򣡡
һ죬˫סҶһ˫ĿҺúÿ㡭
Ŀԣһ˫Ѿõ촽ӡһ
ͮͮĴӡӵӰ
ţƹϨˡ
ֻʣ´Ĵѩ
׷

չٶȺܿ죬Ϊг޼ɶţҵԪܱǳ޼ɵˣȻҲᵢҶάԭе֮ҶдоԾ޺λǴնס
͵̲ҶĽ飬Ȼڰӵ֤ҲһЩʣǿܺͻ㡷̡
ҶӳȻ֪޼ɶûбʾԵĲҶһʵ޼Ҳ֪ӵ֤ݵȷһЩ⣬˵òûд޼Ҳ޴ע˿Ҳ˳ðϡ
׹ݺͳ͢й֮Ȱ˷ʵҪύ͢飬ǲͽС顱үȻڰķΧյ̲֮󣬻ʵ۱㽫ύ˳ô顣


256 ڲǬ
Ķǳ͢Ʒϵĸ߹٣ҶȻǴԪִܵ£Ҳ顣
º֪飬һƬľ棬ٵȼҲֻǴ˵òǳ޼ɵ̫ۺ񣬳϶ϲǴ
ʵҲðǿ޼ɷŹԼĸ㡣һǣλĵľ˾޶ԡ
սάԭСպ̡㡷޴̹ΪԪܡȻǳ޼ɵİţҪȷһʧԼԼල
Ҷ֪Ϣû˵
֪鲻ãҲҴšֻǾߣŮ졣
ãҶһ̾
Ƭ̣ʣɣǲΪү鰡
Ҷصصͷǰ޴أرҵ׽һ㣬ȴܾǡ죬ǵڰҡȴֻţûκΰ취
ԼĺãҶɵȦˡ
˸УۣŮ죬⣬ǲܸıġ
һ⻰Ҷɵȫһ𣬡ı⣿԰ΪʲôԼû뵽һأ
Щ̧ͷһֻҶѾ˷ܣɲôˣ
ҶһǣϲЦտҵ
ﲻ֪ûͷûԵһ仰ôġϲãõˡ
ڶϣҶ֮óһӸ׼һɹ˻Ӹһʳȥ̽ʱ򣬸ԡ
ɹܸıˣ˵ģԸ˵ʵȻҶҲܺãǣûкõҶҪɹȥĵزԣֻһˡֻһɹ
չ涨վҪˣ֮ǰҪѯʲôģΪնԪܣҶԪִܵ£ȻͽÿԽȥ
ӸûõʱͻȻŷ˵һ̫̫ݷã˵͹һֻɵСҶ
Ҷ̫̫ûʲôӡ󣬿ǣһ˵뵽ʦѩѵһ׿Խôһ̫ˣ
ˣĹľסഺͯӹѾʧЧָʵˣ
ʮ꣡ҵ졣
ҶϽ첽˳ȥһ·ŻѩǰſڣȻ㿴һͷ׷ΡΡվѩȻ
Ҷȥ´һ£ʣʦ㡭
̯֣ȻѩĶűŻ
ʦ㣡ҶϽĸ첲㣬ôˣ
ѩȻҡͷѾľȻˡûмûˣǣҲһ˹Ұûбˣ㣬ҡ𣿡
Ҷ˵вȻصͷʦ㣬Ҳȥ
ͼѾҲܳˣ״æҲǰصҶλǡҽ㣬ǽнˡ
˵ʦ㣬Ϊһֱѩйϵʱ֦
Щ㵣ϸȥаʮˣôʮСĽˣҲöʣæЦ˵һ䡰㣡
ѩͷҶҰһƧСӾˣĲùҡҲ鷳
ôأҶο㵽ǵ˼ңɣ͸סԺסǸڰɣҲиӦ
ѩ¶һĨмͷ
Ѿ߸Ͻʰ˷䣬¡ѩڴϣ˫ۣﻹеɱεķɡ
Ҷǿֲ书֪ܲܽȳޣԣǲһɹˣȥˣһˡؼҪεķΡȻȥúò쿴һ¡
ҶһᣬѩʼձĿ˯ҪտȻŻص鷿
ѾӸˡҶȡһɹ˻ӸʳװˣװһЩȺ;ˮų˳ţΡ
ǹѺطĵطǧ־ܷء
ſڣҶóʾԼƣΪϴʱ򣬸ԪܣǶ֪Ԫִܵ£ңλִ¸Ĳһǳ޼εģԶǳľء
֪ҶǴԪһվҪˣҪѯû֮ġǴִ¹߳Ҫ飬ûϸ飬ֻҶһʳУЦ˵Ҫһ¡
Ҷܴ󷽵شˣȻֻʳҲϸٲ飬ˡ
ҶʳУһ·ߡ
һûϸ۲һΣһ·ϸ쿴ûпܽʧˡεķܣԶԶ󡣷Űն̣Ҫ̣ǲҶȵĿ꣬ҶҪȵޣǴеģתƵԣҪ˵һѩʮֻҲġ
ָֻɹˡ
εȫڵ㣬ǵѺÿһ㶼зǳܵķأҪϸ̲飬ȻǶʶҶȴҲиЦ֮󣬻ǽȻѲʲô
ʳҲ򿪿ˣһŵӲͷƤҶЦ磬չأʳƷģҪԼԳһ£ҪȻٺ٣ǲý
ҶЦЦӦõģȻԪʳȴҲҪģҾԳˡ˵գʳĶһڡ
ϽͷҶȥ
Ҷ˵Σƻͨ磬ҪʲôСܡҶѹͲбʲôС
ҶϴθԪޣֻʱ˺ܶ࣬˵ֻԶԶ˿ֻҶ޶¶ϲɫ˹
㡹ΪүȻѾǺܲģסҷǳҳǳġ⣬Ϊ˷ֹɱĽ׳ŮźͬʱҲǼǡ
ţҶʳнȥ֮󣬹ʩ񣺡ݼү
ȻһЦү𣿰ˣضңҲҵĿء
ᣬɣİɣˣǵʱ򣬾Ѿ֪н죬Ըд鶼Ѿдˣˡûʲô˵ġ
ҶͷҲûʲôТүģһʳζүЦɡ
֮ǰܳԵ¶ģûмرŵˣѹﻹʲôθڣɽ亣ζҲûȤ΢΢ҡͷл㣬ɡ
˵գ߻棬Ŀ


257 ֺξ
Ҷʳ͵ǰǴʫᣬҼһӸڳԣԵúӣҲһϲԣһ㳢ɡ
ȻҡͷҲԣ°ɣлˣ
Ҷʳз£ȴһɹӸ͵ǰĺܺóԣš
Ĩӣ̽ͷһ£Ȼ˱ǣ̩ͨѹƵ飬ʱ࣬һθҲˣȻվƵģӹӸҶһۣҨһף͵ƷζȫҪƮƮƵġ
ͷ㡵үĺܺóԣҲ
Ҷ￩һ£ĵľɹܸı˵ˣһɹ˷ֳˣǾͲ֪Чǲôˣ㲻ȲǿɾͲˡ
Һ۾ûһֻۣŲ
Ҷæ֪үϲռҲˣȻүٳԺˡӸŮӳԵģԼ԰ɡ
չһЦѵôģүϲʲô֪˵գԼ
ӸɹζȻ˼䷲Ʒܱģ˸⣬׶θɾˣδ촽룬Ҷлл㣬ҴСԵһˣձˣҲֵˡ
Ҷ΢ЦＪ࣬ض׻ѳ顣
ɹãü΢΢һлļԣãϧûһĵܵܡ
Ҷһȣ˲ñģ۹򵹣ϣܵܵһݡ
ϲæֲһ˫ĿѾˮõܵܣôõܵܣǲԩˣתͷ㡣үܵˣ
ۣ˿ͷţ壬ǽΪܣҺο
æҶܵܣȥݼ򰡣
Ҷֹȥһ񣺡ݼ򣡡
ֱӣڵܣԺԼˣض񡣰ֻϧǾҪҲһһҹˡ߲ʫΪƽһֻ¾ˣڵܣβΪָʫһף𣿡
ҶͷϷķı߹ȥպīߵѩ׵ǽǰߣдһԾ䣺
ɢ
ظֺη
ظƣ
ֻƮ硣
ؿʫΣͻȻЦ˵úã˵úãֺλֺξ壿ܵظҲʱƯѡþڵʹһ
㡹Ϊүʳϰ㶼ûпϹһӦȫһԸƷϣмյ¾Ʋȡ£ѾԻȻ㡺˸

Ҷ뿪Σ˳ؼ
յſڣŷ˵зÿͣԱһֱڻš˵ˡ
Ҷ￩һ£˭أ˻㿴ŵˣɵðһ仰̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣡ŵˣݵ˱ݺ͹ʷ㡷Ҷɱ֮е
ҶЦЩĵ˽ȥѽλˣõȥŰݷãôλݷҰʧʧ񣡡
˶ǹЦǰҶֱۣԼֵܣʲôһǾֵܵĺϢǺǣֵóͻʵ۵ĳ谮ĳɾǱضҶ֮ϵġ
ʵۺ׼ͻ黹г޼飬Ѿ˾ǣλǸ߹ˣȻ֪ˣǳ޼ɵţĻ˽ˣһҶҪ޼ɵŮνѩ̿˹˲ðͶ٣ϵҶݷˡ
£㿴ݽǷڴУҶæֿлһתλϸ˿Сܣªߣǵõľ¥Сܸλӷϴ
˱ݺ͹ʷϽ˵ҵҪҲͣôֵҶءҶѾȹˣǷգҶ˵޷˵ֱţյſڣżģˤ
ѾӸϽ˱ݵϵܽվˣٺȱ㲻˰ɣ
ʲôУô˵УҶҡҡλΣ̧ͷ˿죬еȸˣڲ磬ҪϺȣ˯һƾˣֵܺʹһ٣λΣ
һЦаֵĺһ٣磬ֻϼһҲֵܵĶְ
˴ЦҶǾ͵ǵĳ¥ԾƣΣͣȻҸ
˱ݺ͹ʷЦУվֵͣ뼸ǵĻ˺ú֣飡
ҶλϸҺܲأҼ⣬λϸ磬λڻƬ̣ȥȥ
˱˸ϽҶȴֻ֣ӣص
ҶѾ߲»صԺｫ楸һ䱦ֱţԼʦѩ
ѩҶ뿪ʱһɾһ
ҶϷţ˸ã¡ʦ㣿ʦ㣿
ѩۣ
ҶڨڨЦЦʦڻܶɱ𣿡֪ѩԸɴ࣬ҲĨǡ
ɱ˭
ɱ̰٣书ҪǵͷſڡҲ֣ʦ֣֪ɷ񣿡
ѩһĨ⣬һָֻ̣һǿߵɫ
ҸϣǰԺڳ¥Ҫǣҵ¥ſڵʱͶ֡һһǳţŹٷģһ֡ϵġ
ѩҲʲôӱѾƮ´ųȥһ仰û˵
ҶѾѩӰӣİѩϣҲûнӡҲ֪̤ѩ޺ˣǸȥˡ
Ҷ¶һĨ΢Ц
صװ䱦ĺӣصǰֱ͸ˣ˴һȻ䣬ʹĶܲ𣿻ϲлҶǵֽ͵⡣
Ҷվ⣬ظо˶СͶĿ⣬һûȻûпѩӰҶѾܿ϶ǾĿ⡣
ҶѾߵĲ»صլԺԼ
̬ʱɢһɶϥڴϣʼϢ
йٱʷ湦Чͷʷɵָһָ书µһʦеȻЩͶȡɵĳɷ֣е˲ͻƣҲ֤ʷԣпգ
ѾȫѧᣬʣµıǹľޣоԼٵľֻҪױʷˡ
޹ʱʱ÷ɿ죬ת۱㵽˰Ŵ˹


258 
Ҷһۣ˷ţѾԸ׼˳ʹӣ³˳ǰ¥
¥ſڣſڵȺľƵƹѾõλ˵Ķ˱˵һſڵȺʶҶ³ǰ񣺡Сİݼү
Ҷͷүأ
¥ż乧ү
˵⣬¥ϴֶĲҽУ漴ң¥ЩˣǾ¥Ļơ¥ϵʳͣм֦չĸ輧Ѿŵûʧɫȫøɸһˡ
¥ƹæôˣһɫ԰ףͰ͵˴¥ϵ˴ү͹үġͷȥˡ
¥ƹŵòһƨڵϡҶһϲˣϽٰ죡ȥоûУ
Դȥﻹоȣһ˵ȻǸҶ¥żſڣŵһŨŨѪζŻżſţ̽ͷȥټһӣǳĺϣʬ壬ۣϿ˱ݺ͹ʷˣֻϿյģֻѪðţѳһ̯Ѫ
ٸ˺ܿˣλǳ͢и߲ĹԱԳǰֳѯʡǶҶǿͿ䣬Цȥˡ
ȻǸͷȥ磬ֻһаӰһΣͷѾˣûпǹҪǿ峤Ůˡ
೤޼ɵţ޼ϢѪȻھǳľ¥˿ȥԴҾȻû˿ʲôӣȥһͨ޶ưĳһͷ亹ֻܻͷȥµˣ룬ưˡȴƵˣ
Ҷصֱѩסȴѩڴϣǰȥʱûʲôɫͷûһ˿ѣڴߣллʦ㣡
ѩۣЩɬΪ£ѾʣµĹȫľˡƺҵڡҲһæɡ
ʦ˵һ쵽
Ҹʦڻɽ˶꣬ɽҵļһ֮ǰϻɽȥһȥҪˣҵʬǻˣǻڻɽ
˵գѩ˫ۡ
Ҷأɿݵ֣ʦġĬĬãҶ뿪
ϡ
Ҷ˴£ŴԪһǰΡ̵ʱ̣㡷ޱȫն̣Ѻ̳̣㡷޴εУɴԪ̡ܼ
ǵûΣз˵γ˴£ſڷͷ­
Ԫŵһ£æô£ڸղţ˷εϹͷҲ˶ᡣ
죡ȥ
ΣǰĹ㳡һɸߵˣΪ̫ˣһ̧ͷҲע⵽жѲߵıʿ߹ʱƺѪ̧ͷۿ㷢˶ϹѪܵͷ
ԪǸϵѾΧ˲ˣһ̧ͷţεͷҲֲ̿صԪܵĵγ飬ֻѴ̡
Ԫۿ˿ɴһ£ڶҶ˵ֺ˱ǵͷɡ죡ȥͷժ
ͷϽһʿϽȥͷժˣԪǰԪܴŵϸһִһ£ǣͷ죡ͷţȥ࣡
òͷȥ޼ɡ
Ԫܶ˶ŴҶӽΣ˵
ıѾѺǰֻ̳̣㡷ˡ
Ҷһۿ㡣оѾ˸Ϲ˱ݺ͹ʷͷ顣˷ܣƼҶʱд͸м
ҶЦЦ΢΢ͷ
㡴ԪܵҵԸѾ˴룬Ҳ԰·ˣȵԸ˵ʱ֮ҲĿˣϻ˵ɣ
ԪܾδЩ£ȡ˻ʵ۵ʥּЩ͵ˣԸе̫Ͱ籡
̫׵ĳ͵㡷ǰѾһطȡ籣а˷ĺ˸һףڼϣؿһҶǻЦݣ߿˽µļ˰գ΢΢ҡڡ
㡳̾һҲװ籲ȼϵˡ
ԪܲҿⳡΣ˫۵ģ͵Źһ㣬ʬȡʬȷѾԻȥˡ
ʱһ£ʲô׹ԪһϽһֻڵϣŲӲͣؿԣͷİ籣Ѿϳأ
Ҷ־ϲɹ˵ɹܸı˵ˣϣܴЧû뵽һֱϵˣûг漣ļֱڣǰƿİ籾Ȼѣѵ漣
Ԫܳô£
ǰ籵̫ŵˣϽȥѰ½ϣںϹҺáʾ
Ҳϻվٴβϼֹȥ
ԪŻ۾ɾ۾£˲䣬ͷڰյѩӰһ׹˵ϡ
Ԫ۾˵һ¾ˣֻ׹ڵ棬ŲڲͣԣԪܾĿɿڴϽ첽˹ȥ̧ͷ鿴ֻҵİ籣Ͽڲβ룬һε֣˺ˡ
ԪܻͷһҶҶȻҲǷǳĴ㵡Ԫܱȡ°籣ֽӺãϺȥ
Ҳˣǰ籣ԼѰɣֻ±ѾʧٲϵˣɼӹħצȴӲΡ
̾ϢһΪʲôôѣתͷɷ㡣ֻͷѾ³ˣɲҲʪˣСʧ˵ѾˡвȻһҧٲϼ˰ա
һΣԪٲұֻۣǺ̧ͷͷǸ籡
籱úܽ˻˻
ͻȻ籵һ߳һѷ죬ϸ˲ͱˣԪܵľעУһѳأ
Ľٴ׹˵ϣһ߿ԣһҲŤͷȥͷôԼİ籡
һĻɵʲôԪܶǶ̵̫ŭ
̫ɫ԰ףͰ͵ûûˣʹ
Ĳỻ𣿻
̫ϽܳȥͷҪһĴֵָţɵרЩ书佫ġǳĽʵ
ţȡ֮ٴιϺһϵԪٴǸţ
һζѵøɴ࣬ûѺۣһϿˣٴ׹䡣


259 Ϊ
Ԫܱ⾪㤵һĻŵֱ£ˣ˵һײǽϡֵתͷҶǲǡй
ҶҲǶŵǰаˣҪ˵ɣ
ԶԣȥȿûУ
ǰȡ㡵ʬ壬Ѿ͸ˡ
úãﶢţȥϺͳ࣡ԪܶҶ˵գҴҳˡ
˵ɷʬϣʬޡ޵ñУ᳦ϡ
Ҷ̾Ϣһڰ
·ûֻǸʬޡ
˴ԼʱԪܻˣһɢһֺɫϢֵʿֵʿżͯ㿪ʼ̳
ԪһѶͷ亹Ҷʵ˵⣬Ӧ˵Ȼаħ͸ʦħȻȡʵ۱Ӧˣʦ
ʦҶֹ֪λûʲôϵ
ôһصĺɫϢأҶ֣סơϢƺǴɢģԼ磬ͺһƵġ
ϢǺɫе״ֻûмɫĻ档
ʦаţҶֹĪǵеУ
ȻֻǸʬʦļͯѾ㰸ںáʦ㿪ʼһľдʿʼ
ͻȻҶĽһɫâǹâǳҫۣɨһȣʦľһ۶ϣײõɳȥصײǽϣһ£
ʦӵ۵һ³һѪһۣ˵ľתܡǼͯҲŻʲѣת˳ȥ
Ԫܴ㵵ŹʦĶӣ֪ô¡Ҷܿϵİ׹⣬ȴ޷ԪܵСԣ֪ʲô顣
ҶԪб㿴ûпղŷ飬ϵİ׹ѾʧǸʬĳŮӡ
Ҷܿ϶׹ԲԼʩչģⱾ£ֻµҲɷ־ܡʦ϶֪Щʲôлᣬʵô¡
Ԫû⣬ҶҶҪȻȥ£ʦʲô˵
úãȥ
ԪܴҶ뿪ΣʳǱߣԪܽʥҶȻסȺ֪ͨ
ҶڶѩĴϣųѹѩ֨֨¸µŸղŷ飬Ī˷ܣʲôɹЧʦﶼԿˡ
ĥţͻȻͣˣ·;϶ûеңҶÿ˳ӣ㿴ǰУվˣǰԲ׳һĺ⣬űУ
ʽ׳ŵӵιǸʲôס·ÿ
Ϊһ׳ǰӵҶִ£
Ҷͷ˭𣿡
ǡܡ˵ﻹɹǣͿԻ
ҹۻܡҶЦǾǳӽ£ô˵·ͷ
۵ϴŽ۴̧֣ıһɫ
ҶͷһݣΪѾ˿λ׳壬͸ǹʦһɢһֺɫϢ֪ʲô
ûҶعѾһĳһĺӰɨҶܵĳ˲һ̯ɫķĩ
Ҷ˫ͫವһ£С׳
Ȼ˲佫һ̲ĩҶδšĹʱԼûиоߵĳͷˣղŶԷûԼҪȻԼ᲻Ҳһ̲ĩ
Ҷָ̧Ǹŵƣָ˲˰һӨ͸ɢ͵ĹâǱң
ܶٺٵԼǵ㱾»еģǺãԣһΣҪٵ£У
˵գ̧ܶƣһɹĺɫͬʱҲ˺ڻɫϢ͸ղܴһ
ƷתҲһ˹ʱҶоһ˵бһܣ
˲䣬ǰ渡ֳһεİɫƣס
ৣ
ҶֻоһǺɫѾ͸ܷת˲䣬˿޼аһ̲ĩ΢һɢһء
ҶͷԼе˷̡ͷ亹ð˳ҲЩɬ
ǰʥķףȻֵסԷ
Ц֪ͺãǾ͹Թ԰Ѷɣ
ҶסԷϣҲҼҡ
ܶŭȡ
ڻɽϡҲء
ȥң
ҴȥɽȡкҪҪ졣
ҪҲȲǵ飬ߣ㲻Ҳһ̲ĩĻ
ҶǣܲܵһȥһɽҲҪȥɽġ
Уߣن£
ôᣬҪ󶼴ﲻְɣңԶõɹ
̧ƵΪǲң
ҶѾһѲߵ־Ȼ죬۶ԶԶʲôǶ·мʲô
ҶЦˣλ׼־Ҳһ
۴ۣ߹ʺˣˣһʱ飬һʱ֮ĸۡſڵȡָߣֵܶϵˣûһߵġҪǾͽȥңʱɱǲ
˵գҲʲôӰһʧ˽ϣҲ֪ȥˣҶĿ⣬Ȼ塣
ҶʷĶ֡
־ϵҶƣ־㹧Ҷ뿪ˣʶҶһ䡣
ҶѾû˳ص˸ۡ
Ҵѩѩƽڴϣ˫Ŀգһ칤ֲࡣ
Ҷߣʦ㣬֪֪һƷɫܽɷĩܽ˵·ڻȴ˺ˣͻ˵
ѩ˫ವһˣ컨壬ȻתҶϣ㣬ˣ
ǡҶͷԼЦ·׳ԳʲôۣȻȴٵҵĳ񣬻ٵҵ¡
һ湦˵棬ǶԲ֪˶ԣ֪ˣҲûʲôˣԸҲףֻϧҵĹѾľ޷ˣ㲻Էص㣬Ը˵ģ㻹Ǳܿɡ
ʦҪǻᣬܽ𣿡
ѩûֱӻش⣺ֹǳأҲǳĿ̣벻˾Ȼѧˡ
Ҳ˶ᣬֻһ˻ᡣ


260 
ѩǣֹˣҪͺ켫Ͽѵǣֹ֪ҪҲܼ򵥣ԣֹʵֻǼߣϴľڶǰȴûʲôô˵⣬ѩŻصҶϣûа취㣬ΪƽԷǷҪͨһѨѨͨˣʩչķܵԷֹĽˡ߱Ҳʩչֹ
Ҷʣʦڹû취ͨ𣿡
û취һָȫҲûа취ͨѨķΪ̫ˣ˵˵ģֻаˡ
Ҷ룬ʦ㣬ҵɹ㣬ܰæ𣿡
ѩһ۷Ź⣺㣿ҵɹ
һѾ׸楣һ
ѩֶˣһסҶ֣ʦܣңҿԴӦκҪ󣡡
仰Ҫѩûɥʧòٸʱ˵Ҷ϶ȻĶڣ˵⻰ģһͷ׷ƵĿݸҶϽͷϿʦˣ˵ʵΪʲôһֱûóʦ㣬Ϊ̫󡭡
֪⣬ʦܣлл㣬ңǸҵڶԺʲôԣģҷģ
Ҷû˵ˣҪһȫԼָǺˬģòŵ
ѩ⣬Ͼ֣һǳ񶾵Ķġ
Ҷæסʦ̫ˣȻȥš
úãҪҸȥ
㻹Ųң
¶ѩ̫Ҫˣ֦ǣֲҶоˬֻǿѹеĿɬɬã㣡ʦܣȥأ
ҶصԼңδȡһöɹѩķ䡣
һɹѩ۶ʱŹ⣬ֹȥҶɹġ
ѩţ̩ͨǴ˵еɹںᣬҶллʦܣڶξҵˣģ˵Ļһ
Ҷ΢Цͷ
ѩ㽫˶ɹԹˣϥʦܣҪʱָһ𣿡
ãҶֹԸʱʲô۲Ҫҵ
ѩƺҲ֪һ㣬ֵҪˣͷŷɷɸɷɶܿ죬Ԥ֪Σգܰ㡣
ҶһţԼôôҪһָˣϽͷӦ
ɷɾѩ͸ҶǸСΪ̫СҶֵļѹƽʱûдϣǷ·ɿܻȥȡСֽ䡢ŮԼѩӴǶһκζҪ
˲֪ʲôҶأҶʣϽϷš
Ҷ֪ͨȫ£
ҶһԺмĿյϣصš
ʼѩˣƮƮģԭѾѾɨɾ˿ֺ̣ܿ˰ѩë׵ģǿɰ
ҶȡеСḧţɷɣһҪ鷳Ҫң𣿡
ɷҲ֪ûУСԴ³СͷҶġġ
Ҷеʱ÷ǳûתͷѩţ֪ѩһָġ
ʱݶݶֱӰҲζƮƮ˵ϣƷΧסҶۡ
۴㵽ƻѼ˶ˣЮ֣㻹Ĳ¶ˣȻļûҵǾֻˣɹأ
ҶЦһ£Ҫɹʲô𣿡
ٷϻɹȻ͵
ˣһòɹ
ǵȻô׾ģѣֱɹΪֹ
ЩףɹʲôãôҪ
۶磬ʱ䣬ܻԮļơ
۴ЦʲôƣҲգʡ
˵գ˻Ҷ
ҶһСĺ󱳣ȥҧǣ
Сವһ£ԾҶģ糯۴ȥ
ʲô۴̧ĳһƣƷǴźɫϢĹһѾ޴ɨ㣬ɨСɷɡ
ɷɵܸΣգмһβ͵һȣȻƾһĹ
зɷСɵһٴ۴۴һɨƵ÷ɷɲòٿֵɳȥ㿪˹
۶һۣͬʱƣץҶ
Ҷûжָŵָ˲˾Ө͸ָ۶ץס˲䣬ƺҵҪĿԷƣָȴϢ̽۶С
ߴ̣
۶еСһǿޱȵ˽һס࣬һšˡ۶ѵĽ˰ȻأѪ
󾪣Ʈ˿磬СӺ˶磡
۴ȫӦǷɷɣɷɶ̫죬ԤΣգɷļ֪ҧһֻ±ɣ⻰ʱһ
ǰǶԸҶҶȻʩչܣǹǰûвãǾãҶ书ˣȴôҲ벻ҶȻʥġйٱʷһָ书µһʦе޷˵书ƽƽˡ
۴úڷƣϵ˫֣
ĳһƣƷڣһҶ
ҶһԭΪֻ۴ֹû뵽ᡣ֪ӲƴҲѧŷɷɵܡ׷һƽһҶҶأߴֻܽⲫ޷ʩչ˶ûбİ취
ɨĵطеĶɷĩмɨ᷿µʱɷĩ޷֧ӺȻﴫľУŮ˳Ů
Ҷߣ
о⼸ŮӶҶҪ¶һĨЦץסΪʣҶɹ
׷ȥҶ󾪣סһĳڷһɫצ˹
һΣҶ޷ܣܣǱⶾ֡мŮӣûа취ȫߡ
ۿƷѾǰҶһᣬƴƣ
ߴ̣
Ҷ׼ȥƴʱ̣һǿɨ˳ȥԭȵĵطһӰ续ѩ
ֻƻһԲ˹ĺڷϵС
ԷȻȥڷûκˣɴ󾪣תܡ


261 Ůʧٰ
ѩһ˦һѤĿİӰзɫѸݵ׷ɨĲ
Ż
ѪŽ˶һͷڿշѩϣʺһƬ
ʧȥԴ壬ϻѪǰܳ˼Ȼء
۴ǰһĻˣһʧĹ򣬷ɷһϣҧһڡ
۴󻢺һһɨȥɷȴѾ㿪һһա
۴תܣѩҪŻҶץģʦ㣡
ѩվסˣҶɷɣס
۴Ѿ᷿£׼Ϸߣ˹һӰֺҧһڣ۴ʱһɣӰ׹ˤѩϡ
˿̣ȫѾʼԣվҲڷơ
Ҷߣذףϣ۴ġ
ҶĺڷƵأһ
۴ӦִӻȡһСӣǡ
Ҷӹһдšڷס
۴Ͱ͵ʣҪʦָ㣬Ҫҡ
ҶذһӣеĴǸҲҪʦ
Ҷ׷Žתѩǰ΢Цлʦȣϲʦָ
ѩϲãҪʦ㣬ôеڶڣҸ㿪Ѩλɡ
ã
ŮòѩǾȣǾԲὫѩǰǸ̫ϵһҶƺΪʦ㣬Ͻ
ѩҲǣҶȥ鷿ҸѨԺͿԲˡ
Ҷο˾δ˼䣬Ŵѩ鷿
ʱѩҶͨ⴦Ѩ
ҶҲ֪Ѩ֮ͨǲܶԸڷƣ۶ˣҲ֪˭ֻԺ˵ˡ
ⰲѩסѩָ˹ɹ˹ռ䣬һӦֻҪҶɹԴӦҶκҪһ棬ҲҪаĻҶסˡ
ʱ֣ŷͻȻ˵ԳһӶûУҲ֪ǲƭӣô졣
Ҷ־ϲϽһ·Сܵſڣ㿴ѩһ£׿Ȼ϶Ȼ֮ɫ
㣡Ҷϲ㣬ˣ
΢΢ͷҡҡ׹ҶϽסܳҲϳ˴㡵ķɾϲӣæǰŲصլַԸǸϽˮϴ
Ҷһůӡ
һڣһůӿȫ̧ͷҶʦʵۺͳ޼˵黤壬ɱҲܹˣŽͷšǣҵļѾˣҪôҪôҴͥΪūˡֻҹ¿һˣ޴ȥûԸңܵܣס𣿡
ҶȦˣ֣ѾΪܣҾ׵ܵܣļҡ
һӨ䣬ͻȻ˽Ҷޡ


޼ɲ㡵Ȱʯ֮󣬳ҰѾ֮⣬Ȩ㳯Ұˡ
޼ɿʼ֯׫顷ҶΪִܵ£ȻҲ˱׫ֻݵ΢ֻǵһЩ鹤
Ҷˡ顷̵ļÿ춼췭ظģȻ޼ɣÿ۵󶨶ߡ
Ҷûв뷢ԣҲûҲûв۵ĶΪγɶۣҪ¡
Ҫ飬ˡ
Ѿǰ֮ˣҲġ
磬Ҷӵʺּܲ̽
ûмʺλʺңӻػʹλùˡǻʺ󣬽ԼʲôѵмįԼ

ҶԴţŴּ̫˻ʹ
һˮر࣬һ࣬ҶһʻֽɡŴּ̫࣬ʹߡ
ϸУʹԵøãأ̨ͤ¥Ʈ˼ɾһ㡣
˺ð죬ʺ޹
ʺǲһ޹ʮֵɣĴܶࡣò˶ã⹬˾Ҫˡ
Ҷֽɡ£˶ţϵˮŸŴּ̫ȥֻټĹһ͸ıɴһŮӣӺݻ̬ǧֻüһĨ
ҶϽʩ񣺡ݼʺ

⳼ʺλĻûҶðˡ
ҶҲȹŮһƨֵ֪кηԸ
ʺָɸ極ŮͻȻʧˡԳƲ֪ȥǱʹʳֵع٣˵ûг˿϶ڻʹƴ˰ҵŮҪҪʬ
ҶæʹԺҲɣ
û£Ѿʾ˻ʵۣʵҲͬ˰ڻʹɳ룬ֱƴ˰Ϊֹ
ҶɲңʹԺסĶǻʵ۵ŮˣŪÿҪųնģҶʺҡҲóưֻǸִ£ʫưȷҵĳĻṼһΡԣʺɡ
ʺִ²ؿݰ참˲ٴ󰸣ǶʶȻư˲ֻһǱΪʲôҪѡ㵣Σԭġ
˵ʺ˿ҶķӦɫûܳӣаԵͷִµеŵ˵֮ѡаΪ漰楡ӣҪ極޹ȥҪǱȥǲͬģ㲻һü޸㣬һЩԨԴаӣ楲ŲִҲǲѵġȻִġ
ҶˣʺʱѾΪɵ죬ȻȻǻʺ󣬵Ѿʵ۵УĵλԶԼߡҪԼɵߵʧٵ飬Ͳò̬ȡҶǳ޼Ƽģ޼ʺĿɽһҶʵߵ˶йϵҲͿԵõ˫Ͽɡ֮䱾óưΪ߶йϵһ˵Ҳƫ̻һӦܹ
֮Ҷ㹰ֵȻʺô̧ңһ˰ʺһ
ʺչһЦܺãǱ˴ȥ˵ס
ʺһŮҶ޹


262 
Ҷһν޹ֻĴĵذ壬һĵ̫ʯǶɡҶˣġסֵԢ⡣
쾲ʺŮ˵⣬ƽصͷ￼ǵúִܵаӣǡˡȻʵҲͬġ˵գתͷҶִ£˻ʺɸʹŮ֮⣬ҹҲһŮͬһʧˣҲҪһңô¡һᴫˣȫ鰸ϣܾҵǼһףûʺΪɱˣӰǽõꡣ
Ҷ֪ʺˮݣƫƫװ޼䣬ȨıߵͰ
ֽ޹Ů꣬ͬҶ顣
Ҷżȥ飬ò׼죬Ҫʵ˵һ
߼Ͽ촦ŮĿ̫ˣʺʺŮߣȻǼ٣ôϸأֱֲ˵زҪΪǻʺģҪȻҲֱӴʺ󲻸ɡģȻصʧ١˭ҲֲˡʺҲûа취
ĿǰĿԣҪѯʵȻ
ҶҾͼ仰㣬֪ɷ񣿡
Ȼԡ΢Цش
Ůʲôʱ޹ģ
һǰҲҸոսʹáǻʺģͬã˴ҡĺɡŮʹ˸ҸҲʧˣҲǳѹʹôĵطȥأ
˵鴦ȦˣҶǴ۽磬̫ϷˣôƯôϷҪִᣬһӰǡ
Ҷʣ˷ֱ޹ʲôط£ʲô飿
ǸߵģҵŮʺô˵ģȻҪĻԾͰߡסĵطҲҵ޹ʱ㴫
ʲôʱʧٵأ
һǰ̾һŮ˵ûпҲŵģƿ˿ûˣ춼ǵġ
һμǣʲôʱ򣿡
ͷһϣź˯֮󣬾ͻȥˡ
Ҷͷʵڻʹûʲôˣ
ûСҲ֪гˡ
޹ʧٵǸŮʲôģʲôʱʧٵģ
һʹŮɨԺӵģҡҲͬһʧٵģʹˣͷһϣ˿ȥˣûٻڶ컹ûлҡȻֻһʹѾͷǺܱݵһˣȻеɵɵģС΢ӺСǵ᲻Ӵǵʹһȥʲôȥˣ͡ʹǽԺģȥģĪֹ˲ɣ
Ҷʹǻʵ۵סʵ֮ӣʢйġ
ͷ˵δûе¾£ûй񣬶˹װŪ
Ҷһۣ˼ǡ
ԺʮҺͻʺͬõʵ٣˰иͨҸʺĹϵˣִһҪҾԲŹҪڻʵǰúһͰˡ
Ҷͷһݣ⻰˼ϣԼĳʺ˴ˣȻ޻졣첻ʺߣҪһ˫񣬽ǻʺԼ
ҶؿһۣйȻһڴһֲԶĸоҶܶеںԼղŵĴ⡣
˵Ȼ˵ֵ죬ȴҲų˵ֿܣҲʺ׽Լ˴ԼȥŮܸ졣
Ӿôأ
ȲܺôȰȻٶô졣
ҶȥĸŮסߵˡ
ãˡ
Ҷ޹Ůٳ֪ŮٽдһЩ˵飬ⴺشǳĵ壬˼·˵ûиҶʲôõϢҶˣλŮӦĸǺܽˡ
ʱѾˣҲֻڹŴܼô죬죬Ѿˡ
ס޹᷿άԭûʲô䶯ܼ򵥣Ǻ룬ҲصŴûʲôƻĺۼҶסڸڵŮ˵ǰûзʲôľٶԴʣһֱ˴˺ƣûʲôңûи̧ܰЩ˵УٲȻǵµĿģ
ۿʲʲôҶȥǴʹѾߵסʣһûʲôչ
Χĵǲ鲻ʲôõġؼǣҵĸˡ
ʹȻܴ󣬵ϾΧޣңʹ䱸ɭϣĸûпܳȥȻʺѾ˵˻ʳǵְعѾ֤˵⼸û뿪ʹҶٴҵʳسǹ٣ʵسǹٸ鿴ļ¼û˽ʳǡңŵһܷ˳ȥ˲֪
һĵûκνչҶżӾƲҲ⡣Ϊ漰͢ڲƽȻʹһ⣬ԼֻûʲôôȻδķչĽǶҶԸ⹫ġ
ڣֻҪͺˡȻûҲûа취ˡɫҶؼҡ
صѾһϲү˭ˣ
˭
°
ʾ¡
ݵģŮģġ
ŮˣҶһתݵһŮʫްɣ
үݷˣڻ˵ء
Ҷ־ϲʫޣλԼոմԽʱǳŮӣںر仯ͨˣҲԼܽӴڷֱʱʱ䣬Ѿ嵭յĸĤȴڷͣʱЩˡڶȻˣвɵ
ҶϽվſ㿴ʫ޸׻ƶ̬ǫظ˵Żֵ˾hˡ
ƶҶϽƶǰȭִֵ£
и˾һɺãʲôλˣ


263 δ
ȻǻʶƵˡ˵⣬ƶмֵ⣬￴hĲţ빬Ů١Ů
Ҷϲʫޣhϲ
hǻʫ޵СǰʫҶƺԼСҶûôйڷֱһ࣬һ棬гԼСɵûʫ޷һҲ˺Σл硣ԺЯ
極Ů٣ǻʵ谮ӣӦЯǰ
ʫ޸ɬͷ̫ˡҪСʲô飬羡ܿڣһ߾ȫ
һ治ھһҪæҶӣǱһ飬һ̽ϢС
ʫһæа˵
漰ܣǵ鷿˵˾òͺˣɡ
ðллƶҶͣæӦˣҲҶ׽ǸûᡣæֶŮ䣬ŮļסҶķԸ
ҶŻʫ޵鷿ǰ󾭹˵ˣ˵Լ참ڻӾģǣڹѾͬˣ˵ȥ֮󣬰Ҵ̽һ£ȻȷԼİȫҪעⷽʽԲ楻ɵڰ£ҪȻֻҲ֮ǣǿɾҺˡ
ʫ޽ǵ㷢΢΢һЦİɣ磬֪ô죬˴Ĵµġ
ҶͷܴҲܻҲи㡣ǷֱҲһˣЩúʱһ뵽ء
ʫ벻ҶԼ˵ܵĻ¸жȦеˣͦõģҡҲ뵽ءʫ벻ԼȻ˵ĻɴߣҿҶ
ҶٺЦ˼ڵˣǿԾһʫȾ̤ˡ
ţhһ̡
̫ˣҶݵһ໥д軹ࡣ
ʫ𵱳Ҳе龰Щ̾ɲŮòɵзһټ磬Сõĸ
Ҷ˵˲ҪߣǺȾȥһݣ
ʫ޹ȻˣҶҲˣԼԼģΪһĽѾ򿪡
죬Ҷûнʹȥ鰸һֱڵȻʫ޵Ϣ
ʫڳҶˡҶһмֵϢ
ʫ޵Լʮǰȥһ¡оŮ˵ǰ楴ȥµģΪʺ޽ġ
Ҷͷһ楸ʺ˵ǲûԵʵȥʺ޽ģȻһڻʹĻʼڸʺʱȥлʲôĿأ
ԼʱڻʹϹתʱ·ûнȥȻбҪȥˡ
ʫֵһ£޹ʧٵǸʹŮһǰһʧٵģʮǰʧٵģΪᵽʮǰŮһء
ҶŶһƬ̣ʣŮ
ǰ˵ΪЩɵģǰͦһżȻʩ̣ԴԼ죬ˣЩɵġԾֻܸһЩֻΪڹʱҲˣҲûбϳȥ
ҶṩϢǳҪл
һҪ𣿡ʫ΢죬һۡ
ա
Ҷ˻ʹʺ԰䷢ĽʹƣֻҪǰ죬󹬲鰸ûʲô谭˺󹬡
ûȥ極ˣԼֱ¡
ʺڻʹ޽ģΪʺ֮󣬸ʹõģֻԼȴˣԸԼıԡҲ̫ԵЩ塣ֻһСھޣȵ۵һԶݣ׳ңѾ˥ҲꡣСֻСҲĴҲô࣬ǽǻвӲݡ
ҶյܶȻֻϣѾˡÿĴţһϴС̽ͷΪʹҪĻǰкҪ׼ʱŵĺ٣֮һˣԲǻ¹٣Ժܺ档
ҶֵҽҶǴִ£ʺָǰ鰸ҿԽȥ𣿡
ʺָҶ鰸ѾͨصԱȴ©Сòֻ֪ܽʹˣԶ򵥣Ȼ֪ʹ˶ܵĵϽţƺʮʩʦΣǷҪмʦأ
Ȳã㿴
Ҷй䣬λڻʹĻʼȻͣĹŮ̫ҲǲģԺ徲СúԶԶظţһӰ
ҶҪעģʲôȤӶʱιĶǣСС˴룬ҲûзʲôصĶ
ٵʱһֻӬϡ
ԽƳȻᵽƳķҲᵽ˹߷󣬼ǻʹĵطΪϵͳ걸󲿷йﻹǿ䣬ԣǻʹӬҲǱȽϳġֻֻӬеر𣬲һĲӬһֻͷӬ˵ҪһĲӬö࣬Ǳ̵ģرġ
ҶָֻͷӬǰߡ
ǰһӣķĿźܽʵҶǰߣмֻͷӬϡ˲ӬǣԽǰߣϵĲӬԽ࣬ȵʯǰʱԼһĻˣֻʯŷ˲ӬģͷƤ顣
ҶͷһԶŵСã֡СøϽ˹һֻŲӬ
ҶʣôôӬǲ𣿡
СҡͷҲ֪ôôӬŶġ
Ҷָָʯӣʲôõģ
ԭűģֻһСݣȥ֮¥ͨңеҡʦ˵߸ʵ۵ʱ޽ˣ׼洢飬ҲǶȡ֮ȡġֻ޺֮󣬻ûʹãձ󣬾ͳˮ˵ط̫ѳˮܻ̮Ծͷˣҵط޽µıѡؽҲͶѷһЩԭͣľͷһ޴׼űʹϹͭɶġ
治͵͵ɶİɣҪôôӬҶЩص
ǳôǶʩ˵ЦˡСġ


264 ܾ˹
ǿԴ򿪽ȥ𣿡Ҷʡ
ҶʵͼΪ޵ķҽ֪ʶѾ֪һ飬ǾͷӬһʳ棬ϲʵĶʬ壬Ȼʬ塣Ǵĳ֣ԤʾŸʬڡ
ʱҶĵع۲СõķӦǰףɫ϶졣ǣСֻǺͷûʲôֵǮģһЩõҲûʩҪܽȥǡ
ҶûżŽȥʯתһȦϸ鿴˵棬ûзκھĺۼҲûκεͨ
ʯݵطûдͷӬǰŷ졣ǵ洢ģҪϸܷ⣬ȻŴܷ⼼ȻǷȱģŷĲλȫķգرѾûжܷиõĴ
ŲӬ̽ͷ鿴һ£Ȼʯŵķ϶ܴ󣬲Խһֻ֣㹻òӬˡ
Ҷƿʯݵš
ʯƿ˵һ£˸ͷӬصĺˣСϱɫ˺üĴŲӬ
Ҷ鷳ȥһ
СøϽˡƬ̣һȣҶţɿϲӬ˽ȥ
ʯǱѵڣԲһЩм䣬һµĽݣ쳤ߵݾͷֻ²¥ôͷһʯţǱѡ
ǽµʯŴӬ࣬ؼʯšҶǽǷŵһѳɨ㣬ϿЩӬſǺصĴʯš
ʯǳ⿪ģǳأ֮һߵߵļв˸ȵ˿ޡﻹһʯţʯһ϶˲Ӭ
Ҷţʯȴرţ˿һƣȴƲ
Ҷ񣬵˫ȴƲʯţɼʯӦǴ汻ϻ̮ˡֻʯķ϶ҲȽϴ㹻ӬģܿٲӬŷ촦ģǶġ
Ҷ棬Сõ𣿡
Сõʮǰɡ
ʯ𣿡
ûСֻȻʦ˵һĻ뿪ˡһֱŵģûм
µأ
ҾͲ֪ˡ˲ˣ䣬ûнҲ֪
Ҷ룬лˡеĶҪҶҺܿͻ
СøϽͷӦ
Ҷ뿪£ʺ޹ʺ󣬵·һʯдͷӬֲӬϲʬĵط֣ԣһʯӱʬڣȻȷ˵ʬ壬ȷʧٵλŮģҹѣΪڻʹﶯʺﶨᡣ
ʺԣҪʲô㾡ǣùȥ㡣
£ʺ޹ŮʮҶ¡
ʱµַʦ̫ѾõͨΣſڡһˣЩţæǰʩ
Ҷ˵⣬Ȼֻ˵Ϊ˲鰸Ҫʯݵıѡû˵ʲôĻʦ̫ҲûиҶʡ
ҶŹʯǰʯŴ򲻿취ʯǲҪƻʯݵʯš
һϹߵʯ沢ûţڴ򲻿ܿ淢̮ʯŴӺסˣҪȥõİ취ǴӱڳһͨȻһǽϵʯãȡһ飬ͿԽˡ
Ĺ׷׵ͷʾͬ
ʯ𣿡
ǰЩʯճӶģҷǳأãȡģʯǱȽķʯ÷Ѻܴ󾢵ġ
ˡҶͰǵ뷨졣Ҫ죡
İɣ
ʮʼ
Ҷֽ£쿴ʯţݺʯܣôʯܵɣûκ˶ƻĺۼ
ڹھصͬʱҶؽѶһ顣ǣûκķ֡
ھǱȽϿˣǣǵ˰ʱ֣ھɡΪߵǽڣһв㣬вĶ˿࣬ӦȵġʵҲʯ塣ֱһʯ֮ȡ飬͵в˿࣬ͨ
Ҷȥ濴˿ڹ¡˵ġ
һҪҪץһֻͰͽȥ
ַʦ̫ãǰǿŷŵģҲһЩǻʱȥأû
СΪ
ʱͨɳֻӬҶЦˣӬܻ˵Ȼԣ˵ȷûȡ
ܿ죬ʦ̫˵Ҷ˽ȥ
еһ⣬ĳ½˿յ
ţ˵ĲӬͬʱŵһɶֶûŵǰŵκγζҪŨҵöࡣѬεȥϽ·°סڱǡӹһգʱһ
ֻһټĵؽѵʯĵϣľʬ壬Ѿ߶ȸܣȹɢĳſĸŮ
ҶˣղԼŵģʬʬζֻڿ˵ǳŶģ벻ԼĻҪšҽһҪǿ񾭵ĸսְҵ
Ҷûнȥ쿴ܽ˳ַʦ̫ľʬ壬ȥʺ楣ʾǷҪ֪ͨʬ
ʹİӲģհ¶Ҫʾ
ʦ̫ŵһ£Ͻȥʾȥˡ
һᣬʺڼ£ȻûŮٴŮˡ
Ҷæǰʺ龭ʺͷִ£ȥ쿴
ҶæӦʯվԭزҪԼȲ쿴ŵȵʬ崦۲졣
ľʬ嶼Ѿֳܾ˹ۣ沿ͣǳĿֲѿڱǵȴѾ˰ɫʬϻĴǷĲӬ
Ӹܵĳ̶ȻͬľʬʱӦôͬġǣҶķҽ֪ʶ׼ȷжϳ׼ȷʱ䡣˵һǰʧٵģǣ죬ںȵһµʬڸ߶ȸܾ˹۵Ľ׶ҶȷǾԼļƺг롣
ǵ÷ҽʦ˵¶ڿʬ壬ȵ죬ǷǳѸٵģһ˵һ£Ըܻɾ׹ǻˡľʬλڵҵıֲ̫һԶûôȣҶȷǣ¶ȵжٶȣû¶ȼƣ޷׼ȷҲ֪¶£ʬҪòܴﵽ߶ȸܵĳ̶ȡ
Ҷ鿴ʬϣʬȹ˺ˣһģϻһЩͷͬʱһЩطӬȽ϶࣬Ͽ֮ܿ氵ɫİߺۣƺǳ¾ɵѪ


265 
ֳûзֵ֮ܿĲλûзͱ֮ˣͷҲûзֶˡҲûκûۣΪ߶ȸܵԭڻö֪
ĵƹղԶֻյһţԱط
ǣ߸߾˵ʬһ㿴һѶͬʱҲˣΪʲôԼƲʯˡԭһľͷѷڱʯź棬ľͷľͷʯŵĺ棬һ޴ͭõסʯš
ҶٻҲ޷ƿ޴صͭôľͷĶ
Ҷܾ⼸ΪʲôҪþ޴ͭЩľͷסʯţǵ׺ʲôʲô˺ǣ
°˼ţ벻ʹ֮Уʲô˺£㵽˷ıñصͭһѵľĵסšңͷǻȥˣĸϻˡʲô͸յʯŽ˺أ
Ҷŵֲ鿴طûʲô֣ǿյġ
ŵĴ鿴ǽڡ컨͵棬ûзκƻĺۼҲûаʲôġ
ҶʼʬȻʬʵţһԿšʬṩưҪŲŴȻԼҲרҵʿûԹôܡԼԲ鿴ʲôûз֣Ӱӵơ
һһ¼ʸߵ£ľʬϷ˺üƬİɫ˵һ⣬Ǿľʬ弡ԵˣЩƤ֯˺˺ۣͷӬ˴ѣ˰ɫ֤ǰԼ˴
ˣΪʲô˷˴
ѹʬ巭鱳ʱҶһŵȥϸʬıһֵĻƣĳصĻߣȥһŴʮֵĹ졣
ҲЩ֣໥һۣж¶ĳֿ־塣
ҶŹ񣬿ߺͼô£
ľʬ壬ڱҲͼֻͼں󱳵ľλòһһŴ
ҶЩͼȻ£Űˡ
ŴʬǲʬʵģҶԼô
ж˵ԭڼҲǶͿġ
ҶûУȹõ棬ڵϣʺʹŮٱϡ
ʺ֪⼸Ů޹Ů١
ϸһ£ָļ˺õȹļǴҡĺɡպҵġ
Ҿ칬ǸʹŮʺɵ칬ĹŮˡ
ʺҲǳɻŮٴΪʲôĸˣֲ
Ҳǳ֪ڻʺִµ˰ҲеԵ𣿡
ʺ˼ǣ㲻֪ô£
Ҳ֪شܼ򵥣Ҳܸɴࡣ
ʺȥӱһˮʯҲף˭Ҷ۵ףҵ˲ܰ
˵ǣҲģ﹬ˣƽ޹ҲҪһ˵ġ
ʺصغһתͷҶִ£ʲôư𣿡
Ҷʬнʣ˵Ϊ϶ûˣ϶˶Ƕϣܽʬ壬ҵ֤ݣȷ򡣡
ʺͷ˵ˣֻҪΪ˲飬԰Լ뷨죬ʬ塣ҪǽסôưʡڴĺϢ
˵գתˡŮҲŮ뿪ˡ
ҶʯźͭľͷĶѷȻῪľͷľʬ嶼˳÷ʦ̫һյ᷿˰ѷĵʼʬ塣
ûѧʣҲûнʹʬ壬ܶʬ챨棬Ҳѧṹʶ׼޵֪ʶнʡΪҪҵĶҪҽѧ֪ʶҪȷǲǶġ
Ҫ֤һ㣬ֻҪʿߵθ鿴θθǿյģ֤ߺܿڼθﻹвǾͿԷ֤߲ڼˡǾҪѰԭ
Ȼʬ߶ȸܣ֯ûҺܷһЩ
ҶʿߴҵĸߵθߵθȽϵĳӯ˵滹жʿθ㿴θõ
ţʿĺɡ˵θͬθʺɵ칬Ůڼ
ʵĸŮҲԼ޹ĹŮһθﻹȽ϶࣬˵ڳԷ֮󲻾þˡ
Ҷķҽ֪ʶθһСʱſգ˵θ¿жϣʺŮʱ͹ŮĲһ£ڳԹ֮һСʱھˣǳԷ֮ĸСʱġ
ȻжҲһ׼ȷΪÿ˳Էйأ˱ͳԵúٻûԣжϾͲ׼ˡ
Ȼθʾλ߶ڼǵԭ򾿾ʲô
ҶʼϸߵĲûзպۻۡڿڱǴҲûзѹĺۼ
Щ㲻ˣĸôģ
ʣ鿴ص٣Ƿ֡
ʿߵǻȲ鿴˷βûʲô쳣ֲ鿴ࡣûκη֡
Ҫ֮ûʲô쳣ķ֡
жģȡθץ˼ֻѼӣιֻѼӳԣѼȻܵӣȴһֻû
ڸɵˣźԼҽ֪ʶ̫ªͬʱȱִļ豸Ҳã
ĸ߼ȲǶҲǶҲûԵˣߵôģ
ҶеԼЩǭ¿ˡֻǸѧģûϵͳѧҽҲûѧưǰưܶ඼ǿһΣ
һӣߵԭûиⰸƣҵνΪεֶζûиףΣ
Ҷһֳ嶯ھȥʺ󣬸Լû취ҵ֣ȷɱ⡣
Ҷܿͷ뷨ǲ⣬ڲŸոշʬ壬;ٰ˵Լû취࣬Ҳ̫ˡԣҶȵȵ˵
Ҷ÷ʦ̫ȥҹײʬ˴Ȼⲽ׼ؼҡ
һ룬ֿʼƮС꣬ģǺܿʹˡҶܣȴҲ˽һɡŮ̫Ƕ֪ൽȥˣټĹһ˶ûƵģ˹һ㡣ֻܵһͤվţ֮ٻȥ
ⳡȴ೤ʱʱСǲͣЪһֱš


266 
Ҷͤϣͤϵˮ̶
ʱ˽һ䣺磡
Ҷ̧ͷһоϲӣֻԶļɽԵʯһŮӣƮƮֳһѺֽɡҸ»һѣӣͤͤŮճһ㡣ǻʫޡ
hôҶϲʵ
֮㰡
ٺ٣Ȼ֪ұˮͤ
Ȼ֪ȥɡ·꣬ԹȻ㣬ˡ˵գ˹
Ҷʲô
û˵㰸ӵɡ˵ҵʬˣ
ǰľʬ嶼ҵˣϧû취鲻ԭ򡣡
Ŷʫ޴۾£Щš
ҶҲȥ㱨һӵĽչá
ʫ޽ҸµһѺֽɡݸҶҶûнӣһɡǱȤ
ʫһ죬ͷСõȻԸ⣬ֻǡǻʹҪ˿ˡ
ǺǣҿЦģŵãŶðˡ
аʫ޸ϽһѶͷˮ飬ˮ
ҶӹɡûٸЦ߽Сʫ޸ϽɡϣҲ˵ǰš
ʫͻȻе
紵ϸ糾
ü򭡣
ҶЦЦôʫ˴ˣ
ʫ޵ǰϸ꣬ľ£磬βʫһף
Ҹոսʬ壬һʬûϴģʫ
ʫЦͷû£Ȼᵽ޹ˮϴ衣
ҿɲ﹬ϴ裬Ҫûʵ֪ˣԴɾͲˡ
ôţϴ˭֪˵⣬ʫ־̫ȣߺͷ
ҶٺٸЦлǲҪףҿˡһ˵ϽؼȥϴˡҶʫ΢΢Щʧ飬ȻʫˣҲһ״ոȤˡ
ʫ˷ܣϲ̵þûаݶˣСϴ
Ҷϸֿ꣬ϵ죬ʫεvʫ
ϸʪ¿
л
ʫ޴۾ţҶȴͣסˡ
ʫأ
ҶһЦҲֻд䣬ҵȻҲд䣬񲻳Կˣ
߲ʫǱ£ôṦ뵽Ѿ󲻴ˣˣд
Ҷһģʵû飬հɡ
ʫްһۣͻҽڡ
˵䣬Ѿ޹ͨȥԸ
Ҷȥֻ֮ϣϽǰʩ񣺡ݼ
񣬰չΣ
Ѿľʬ壬ŮϣȷϵʧٵĴĸʬȷĸڼҲǱġ

Ҷһ֪ʵܷ뷨ԥһ£ûаԼ뷨˵
͸оҶֹʲô㾡˵
Ҷ룬Ǿʵ˵ķӦҶʬʷ֣ĸ˵θûʳ˵ǸոճԹûþģˣǶġ
Ŷϳ۽ëɨҶһۣûвǵôģ
ûвҶʬ˽ʣеĹؼҶһ飬û쳣ķ֡ҲûˣҲûзϢ󣬵ǴŮ˺öദҲˣƤˣû˼ࡣΪҲԭһʱȷǷıɱҲ޷ȷⰸǲǷﰸ
ƺһǷǳ΢ҶȽϽҺרעķӦǲġһǳ΢̾ϢҶһʲô˼ѵԼԭȵĲ²⵱ûģ
Ϊˣ˵ܵµıȥˣ֪ôģǴͭľĶѷź棬žʹ򲻿Ǽ˺ˣǴ򲻿ţˡ
͸߼Ƕ꺢ӻ࣬ĸʮʮĽˣġҶû˵ƣţô˵Ϊô룬ϣܳĽǻۣԼǿһٱԼ˳ϣֻ¾ˡ
Ҷ˵öԣŪˡ
Ҳ˵ҲҲϹµģ㻹ǰ˼·ȥ죬иźá
ǣҸˣ
š極ͷĿⶢҶļ˵һ䣺ʲô
Ҷ˳ĿŤͷȥԼļϡֻͣһֻͷӬ֪ģǸղһֱſڼϸġ
Ҷ̧ϿͷӬﱻϿͻɵ޹ǿǺܲ׵ģûиϣת߳޹¡
ʱһСӲԶ߹ӰϤһȻǰԼǸķйɽɱ׽ǸھֵС佧
Ҷһ佧
佧תͷ˵˹磬ô
һôأ㲻Ǹųѧ书𣿡
ǣ˵ˣŽ书ŴӦˣҽˡǺ󹬵ܹܣҾסڻʹˡһɿ˵ϲҾ棬Ҿˡ
ҶһǱˣ
аɣѾؿƵˣǰһǱƹȥ˾Ͷˣʦ˵̫ԵҸĽԽ˶סȴȥ˵佧¶һͲеĲ̵΢Ц
ҶҡͷšǴɹ䣬ʦֻҲõġ
ԥòȰҪˣͶʦʱ佧ѹ磬ҪʲôҪƹԽңһһŪø϶һ⻵ʲô˵ġҵɱҵҽĺķͿһְ취ĥǣ
Ҷͷһݣæ⣬ҲŪֱ𣿡
šŪ
Ҷ˼ת˼ǶĵĲӬϣͻȻоԼɵסˣĿͷӬ
ͻȻһ֪ˣӰѸںĻʫһæʣ֪ʲôˣ
֪ĸǱ˭ɱˣһҪݼ楡ϰͨһ¡
ʫ޸ϽֽȥͨҶ佧ļ򣬵æ飬ͷ˵
佧ͷһ㱧ȭʩתˡ


267 ص
Ƭ̣ʫ޳롣
ҶȥѾصϰѯĿԱ߼̫ഹ׶
ҶǰӣһһЩ뷨뵥֪ɷ񣿡
һ̫ɤӺǳ󵨡
ûǳ⣬ѾֹǶ£
Ů̫Ź񣬴Ӧ˳ȥѷŹˡ
ޱ飬ʲôֱ˵ɡ
Ҷһʬִĸڣƺ˺һ㣬ҵʱǰ˼⣬ΪĵطǷıߣͭʹľͷסʯţ˸ʯûзֱƻĺۼ˵ϵˣ໥˺Źɵģҵʱ벻ͨͨˡ
ͨʲôˣ
֪Ϻ£ûзܿͻᶳ½ʱʶϰúȺܷ꣬»߳Լ·Խû£Ϊʲô˺ãƤץˡ
һ˵Ϊ񲣬Լ˺·ץԼˣڿǿģ
ǣⱾµˣҪΪҲǺܼ򵥵顣
ʲô˼
ȹһӣ佧ΪԵɺϣѧ˱ƣոҼˣ˵ıƵıƣѾܿƱĳ̶ȣƺⱾƹȻ֪ܱĳ˵ĵطʩչƷһӱɱߣҪƹ˷⺢˵Ҳݡ
˵佧⺢Ūʲôݺĸ
ңҶģղ˵ˣʲôֱ˵Ҹղ˵ģ룬ҪſڴƻƣҾͲ˵ˡ
ˣҸЩΪİϷ˵ﶼЩʲô
Ҷ¶һĨЦ⣺һͻɵǼֱ̫ϷˣڻһǳҪ֤ݣ֤ʱ򣬾޹
ʲô˼
ߺ󱳷һЩֵͼһЩصĻߣʱô벻Щͼôߵĺ󱳣ѵڤڤй𣿡
ʲôͼ˵
ҶЦЦͷ·ոƼϵʯƴͼһ㡣ȵؽһȥָʯƴשϵͬͼѽֻߣԲģһгڻߵģӡţҪʬ޹ĵذϣһ׼Ҳͬӡǡ
΢΢ɫͻָˡһû˵
Ҷ˵˵֮һʱͻʬߣڵѪҺΪֹ֮ͣ󣬳ĵʹγɵġǣ屻ѹȵĲ򲻻ʬߣѹ͹ͼڸλѹ⣬ְ͹ͼӡߵѹȲλӶѹͼͼҵԭǿԽбȶԵġӶóΨһĽۡ
һ䣬ող˵ߣþ޴ͭסʯţľͷ֮ģסſڣûĺۼǣôȥǣ
ղûϸ˵ĻǲڱȥģһǳԣΪȻбߣȴѾˣûбȻȽ䣬ԶûеĵزؼģѵֻһĴʯûлεͼԣﲻĵһֳʬֳ
˵ҵ޹ȥģҰʬ˱ߣ
ңû˵ģ±Ҳδ֪
㵹ͷң
ٺ٣ƶϣתʬʱ䣬ӦǰǰҸʹǰǰȥ£֮ǰ֮ûȥ
¶һĨЦ⣺ȻҲ֪ǰǰȥ£ǾһҪǽͲеƶ϶Ǻ˵˵
ָ㡣
ʱ䣡Ұǰȥ£Ǵһǰʧˣһ޹µ˶֤һǰɱǣڰǰʬ嵽£ôȵ죬ʱ䣬ʬ͸ˣţֻһžŵˣڸǹȥ
ҶЦЦʵ⣬ΪǾһǰʧٵģʵڰǰűŪǱϺȿ̵ĥڰǰҵȥʱ֮ڣ﹬ﵽĻᣬʬ͵±ĻͲʬˡ
ֻƲ⣡
Ʋ⣬֤ݡ
ʲô֤ݣ
ͷӬ
΢΢һüͷӬôˣ
ͷӬȻᣬʱȴܰǲıĿΪͷӬкܶйɵص㣬֮һǣֻϲոʬ壬֮󣬺ܿͻͷӬѡͷӬһɵģЩѻӬʬ֯Ϊʳʮ쵽ʱﻯӼɳ档ʱʬѾʣԳɵЩӬߣѰʬ壬Ѿõʬٲѡڱ﷢ֵĴӬֻӼɳͷӬɴƶϣʱӦڰҡ÷˵ʱ䡣
ǾȣЩô֪ģ
Сʱǵ˵ģﲻţǿһӬĶʵ֪ˡ
ˡ˵Ļ㲻һЩƭҵġȻʱ˺ĽͣǣһؼҲҪȻûá
ʲô⣿ʯŹرյ𣿡
ûҶһƣȻԴ˼ɵЩȻûƻĺۼǾ˵ûͨôʣôصͭôľͷ浲סʯţһҵˣΰʬͽȥʯٳ
ǰңǣղͤʱ򣬿Ϻܿһ̲ˮұԭίƶ޴ͭôľĵźģˮСңߵʱ޽깤ʱ򣬷һǳص⣬Ǿ׻ˮˮ͸ѣˮܴĻᵼ±ѱûŷѡˮر࣬رǰʱ䣬ֵ֣ˮġűҲӿ˺ˮˮƯ£ͭľı˳ˮӿʯŴͣסˮ֮󣬱ʯʬҲλľĺһ㣬Ҳ֤ΪʬҲƯġ
˵ҶЦֻ֪Ǵˣʵﲢû뵽취ţҲţֻպýˮر࣬˱γԭȵĹ롣


268 ҹ֮·
ŶԭȵĹ룿ʲô룿ʡ
ҶĸȻʬ¡ȴﵽ˳ȥϸĿģк֣ʺҵʬ壬Ϊʬ±ҵģʺ󴴽ģǰҲֻʺ淢ִĸر޹ĹŮʬ壬ʺɾƺϴˡҲʺ󿴼ʬ֮׵ԭѵˮƶͭľͷʯŴ涥סˣʯžʹ򲻿Ҳ˵ĸڱɱģ˲ܽ룬ȻʵʩıɱҲͿԲ󻼵شˡټһԼĹŮԼҲܺˣ͸˻ˡ
츧Цܺã˵ưûϹ˵ƶ϶ûڣң㲻Щ߳޼ɣǸңñ˳ȥ˵㲢ҷң԰ɣ
Ҷͷ
ô죿
Ҷ룬ҿ϶ǳĳĿ͵͵Ǳ˱ߣ벻ͻ꣬ˮؽѣǶ˱
ţôҪҸʲôۣ
ˣҲɸҪʲôֻۣǰŵԣɼ޸ΪޣȻͬΪƽޡ
һǣƺŮͬΪӡ
ı˳죬үҸԵʱֻϣӦͿˡ
û⣬ұʹ㽫ģǸȻͬΪƽޣҲ޷
л
Ǻ棺ֻҪ
ǣҶȢеı
͵ͦġ˶٣ʵ㲻Ҳ취ģΪѾͷ˵ˣ㣬˭Ҳޣ˵ˣԭѾģܶ˶Ѿ֪ˣΪһ仰鶼ƻˡ˵Ҳûټ޸ˡˣҺʥ϶ĥ飬βźá
Ҷѹʵ裬ʵ۵涼ǺܲõġҲһӦ顣֮ôǿƣҪǳҰ֮Ļ̫ˡҪЩ˲ͣĻϵĻǾͺðˡ
̾һܼ򵥣Ѱ
Ҷڱˣ£ǶͲˡ
ȻһЦôң
£ֻҪϵʡӢ
Һϲ仰£ֻҪϵʡ˵վҶưıʵһҸдԪ̫ˣʥϰν㢵ִ£Ӻݸ˾ξʦĲ졣Ը⣿
Ƴǰڣû׸ʦڵص˾ӺݸӺ˾ξطݵ˾ξǴƷΪӺǾʦڵأ߳һƷ˾ξ𾩳ǳ죬ͬʱϽʮصش󰸼켰дͽ̷ĺ׼͸ˡ
ҶֻûƷҪ;ҲӦôӾƷʼһֱƷñһԱֱʡһ˼顣ǶԱˣڻʵ谮ˣһ˵Ĺ٣Ǿ׾ˡ
ҶϲôãǸ˵飬Լһ죬ˡ
˾ξɲһӺݴʷ㢵ִݼΡǻʵǾͱһ˾ξ͸ߺܶࡣ
λ㢣̫ĵ߸ӣһ͵ĻӣرϲռֹŶ䣬ɰݶݴʷǰεʱ򣬽ԼռĹŶװİٶ೵УƺƵָ;Աͣһ·ϹԱ಻ԣΪ˵һЦ֮ôɫϵӺݴʷʵǲܹӺģʹȨģ¾ߵִ£ҲҶִºߵһ֡
ΪˣҶϽһ񣬵лЯһŬ참άʦһƽ
š漰ԱİһҪ֮ǰ˼ǡʦطԱ໥ȹģǣһȫ֪ô¾Ѿ˵ˣЩˣʥϣҲֵģ𣿡
ҶһЦסİӣһָ㡣
صͷҲԡֻҪпգһЩġ
ҶĽͣʺȻǲ̫ġΪһֱоɱȥšҶӵΪһ˵ú죬ʺȫһ㼦ƤȻ⣬ǱϾҶҵʬ壬Ҳ֤⣬ûзִɵĺۼԣʺҲûа취ǣһֻա

ȴȻϸɡ
ʫ޳һֽɡҶǰЦţ磬һŸ㡣
Ŷõ極Ů٣ôŵˣ
ҵңøţǲźء˵գʫȡһţݸҶ
Ҷӹ𿪣㿴һʾСðдɡɼĹѧʿõҪϼǭе˼ݣҶ취ǰ
ţдûͷûԣõıûϼңΪʲôҪҶţңŸʲô;ͣǵûʲôè壿Щﶼû˵ֻҶš
Ӿǳǭе˼ݣгǧȻһžʹˡ÷Ѷûиǵġ
Ҷﹾ䣬ʣû˵ʲô𣿡
ûСʫ룬ˣ˵ҪҵİҿԸȥҪ𣿡
仰˵Щײ壬ʫ˵֮㷢ˣɵͨ졣
ҶȴںȻҪȥǭе취ɼĹѧʿõһߣ˵û˵ΪʲôҪҸߣ
ʫãȻҡͷŵʱʲôû˵ֻҰŽ㣬˵ҪҰæҾİš
һΣʫڰѻ˵ˣɵðһ
ҶЩʧҸȥ˼ݣֲ˵ôĿģû˵ֱϵϵǣö֪ͷԡ
ʫҡͷҲô£õҼǰЩ죬ʹɻˣһЩ˼ͺɻбһˣҲáʱ˶ֻ࣬һŮ٣Ҳû˽ңʶǣȴδʶҡ
ҶܸˣνֻҪʶǾСΪʲôҪǰˡ
ʫҲ˷ܣҪĿģһԭ򣬡˼ҺϤżҾ˼ݵģȥüء
˼ҲڵĹʡ᯹أŴҹɹõıõϼġ


269 һ·ͬ
ҶһˣǺðһ˹ҪˣİŻ˽Ⱑ
ʫ޵˼û˽ϣһ·Ҷǧȥ˼ݣһ·ϵ࣬㻯Ϊˣвɵð磬ʲôʱ
ҵȥ̽õıʲôʱΪҸǰ
ǰ˼ȥϵ𣿡ʫ΢΢ЩʧﲻϣǵĶֵˣǸˣһҪǰ
Ҷ¶һż룬Ҫȥʹ
ʫҡͷѾԡ£ʵ۵ǻɽȥˡҪܻ֮
ҶʧԭֱӸԼдŰŹȴûټԼԶֻֻһС£Ҫ԰š֮ôѾûа취ȥѯ﾿ʲô˼ˡԼûȷĿܸġ
ҶȻȥ̽һ£ʲôʱҲи׼
ʫȥ̽ڼҾˡ
ҶӦˡ
ʱ֮󣬻ʫ޼ҴҸ˻ŴˣǽһˣֻѾ߳ʮˣ
Ҷŵô죿Ͻ׷
ʫæ粻żʹˣǲгģǽˣֻһţһˡǲУһܸϵġ
УôԶ·̣ΪʲôҪУŮҪˣ
ǰҲо֣Ǿôߵġ
ҪҪȥһ˵˵׼׼
ʫݸһЦˣҵͻȥˡҾһھǣҸߣҾͲø˭˵ˡ·Ȼڽϸòãûػʹȥˡ鷳ġ
Ҷû⡣
£ҶԼʰһҡҶǸصԲͲˣаɷɡȥʦѩ˵ԼҪҪ£ѩչ˼ƽѩ˵ͷԸһչ˺õġҶȥǡ
ʰͣҶͻʫţͱǻ·ϣһҳ̣ʫ˼ȹȻǣŶŹٵ׷ȥ
Ϧʱ֣ԶԶˣڹٵϣʫ޶ϣϲǣ˼壬ý˼١
ȥ˽ǰҶˣֻŮȣһȹһֱҷ£ЬӶڸסˡ
ʫϲ̵λ
ߵ˼תͷǣޱ飬лž衣ӣѻʫ޵һǻ鶼ˮĻһϨˡҶϽͷЦλ֪֪ǰûп¶޵ĵط
һӵǰʮһ򣬿Խޡ
лҶ֣תͷԻʫ޵ӣǰͷ߰ɣ˵ţʹһɫΪǱ˼˵ģ˼Ȼûп
ʫޱѩȴϾҶ㣬ϽͷҲ˵Ҷǰȥ
ܳͷѾˡҶסͷԻʫ޵Ȼûϳ㣬ǾͲøǱݡΪֻǸ棬û˵ǽУ˼Ҳ̫ԸǸţԣǲҪ¶ΪãȻ֪ҲԾǣֻ»ǡԸǽӽǷʵ䷴
ʫ޵ͷҲƺĲ˽ӽ˵ûǸǾ͵·ˣ׽ӽֻǣҲû˵Ҫ飬Ȼ¶ݵĽӽܸһЩ
ţȶǹȥпסĵطٸҲȥס԰мǡ
ãҶġ
·֣߱ǣ֣ڹľԺš˺ð죬ſ˼໥ǰߡ
ǰ߹ʱسǲĵطɨһۡһ۴һһ㣬һֱսҶһֲĵ֮С
ӾԲ򵥣Ȼ˰͵Ҷа⣬ٿӲ֮䣬ȴǼΪȣûʮĿޣȵ衣ףѹ÷ŵģøһǧл˼ݣôһ;ͣʤһھʦ
ǹȥˣʫǼҶûжҲɶڹľ档ֹ˺ð죬ŶˣżҶվҲվһȽţǶȥˣǻʲô
ӺܸоһֱǵĴڣֻҪжܱ֪ԣòСģԶ˵
ʫʧ·ľͷɣҿ̬ӵģôӰ
˲ò࣡Ҷ
ʫһ죬˵ԼһθҶ棬Ϊһũ˵ĴֲԼˣ˽Լ˺ܾ÷˺ܴŬֲһڣܸǵһˣǿٲصޣæǣѵǡС֪ˡ
ҶͻȻЦˣʵòȡ֮飬һͬʵģʥˣûġԼҲΪò;ֹĲѧںֺγһֵġòȡˡأ
ʫ޸ǲ˼ͷҲ֪ԼԵȴһŻˡҵǾ֮ܡ
˺ˣ˵ȥһЩ໥˼𣿡
˶Ц
СʱѾȫˡİСϣʱشȮͣǣƺںڰ֮Уûʲô
ڽֵϣ۲ܵѰ˼סĿջǣǲ֪ס֪ǿջ
ʫ޵һһʰɡ
˵գʫÿһ˼ң֮󣬵֪СҲһҿջǰ治ԶһᲱԺӡ
־Ǻܿҵջ벻ջſھȻ˩һȮһĿ͡ʫ¹ˣŵһҶ㡣
ǽԺ㿴еųţһӰվһһַſһԲǣҲǰкҲûбķӦ
ҶʣǿջҪסޡ
򣬽ɣ
˵һ䣬תҲûǲǸûʫ޾úܲˬҶģһЦģûС
ˣС򣬱ָܸˡ
ҵӡУԽС򣬾Խ顣żǭе˼ݾЩСկ˵ֿĿջȥͶͨ˼ңǷǳġ
꣡ȱ˵ȥǲ档ҪǲڣǻҵסĿջС


270 ҹ޵
ҶƥԱ߹һӸǡȻǣԺȥˡ
߽˿ջ澹Ȼһ̣ͨһˣӶһЩ߽Ŀ߲áǹٵؾ֮ء˿ʵ٣ҲԭջƹŲں˵ĸܣġ
ڿŵĵطһ̨̨վһߣޱ飬ؿǣס¥»¥ϣ
Ҷһɨȥȷ¥µĴͨûˡ˵ģֻ¥¥£Ӧ¥ϡǣҶҪشס¥ϣʫȴһЦˣ·ǿŮҲˣŮӣһֱϵϵĳȹ⻹һӸšʴ󲮣ס𣿡
ҡҡͷûУ
Ҷͷһʫ޻һۣǲס棬סûˡǻøϽȥҲС
ҶҪߣ˵һ䣺סں档
˵ҶͻʫЩЦáʫæʵҲס
׼䣬ܹ󡣡
ж󰡣ʫ΢ЦҲס档
ǵ߱˺ķ֮󣬻ʫϵЦʧˣɬҶ
Ҫڽ֮ǰҶҲ̫ⷿףڣνƴ֣Ȼаס档
һס棬ߵһĨЦݣҲһЩҲһ˿ֺãλȰѷǮ˰ɣСĹأǱǸ
ҶȡһСƬҶӣߵǰܰһæʣµľͲˡ
һСƬҶӣٿ԰׼䡣һϲæһѽҶ߬ͷүܷԸϺһܰ쵽
ǰ˵ĸڡ𣿡
Ǹڶס˰ƹĺЩΪѵӡ
ʫ޵ˣҵطסҶ˸ǡ
𣡡ƹİһҧϸǰţλϾͺã
ƹĽҴҽȥˡҶڹ̨ϣЩ̵ͨˡѾЩ˷˸ߵͲһĺЩ˻û˯˵еĺҶǡȻӶ͵òĻʫޡ
˺һᣬƹڻˣһ˷ܣˣѾѸڵ׼ڳˡλ롣
ƹ˺ԺԺֻһ᷿϶ŵƵģӣǮĿ̻ǲٵģסߵĵط
ƹһյһǰһûеƹŬŬ죬͵͵Ǿס
Ҷͻʫ޻һۣԴǶðһͷΪʲôƣѵһž˯ˣǲһҪ𴲳أ
˶û˵ƹĽӣΪǸոڳģЩңƹڨڨضҶҪûʰʰ
Ҷҡҡͷ춼ûɢȻǰס˻û˯Ҳûж죬Ҳûʫȴнģ˼ûжҲ࣬ƹĻҰӺúʰһסǿҶƺû뷨ֻò˵ˡ
ƹҲֵʡģ˵Ǹ˺úϢǳȥˡ
֮󣬻ʫްѷŹϣţ磬ΪʲôҪסǸڣס¥ϣǹ۲ø
Ҷ˼Щ죬˵ĸ߹٣ʹıãҲֻһӸŵģһСȻǸǳĽɫֹҲ̫ˡסԱߣͬʱҲǸǵʵ;ǲҪǡҲ£Ӧ˼ߣһʲôΣգҲʱ
ʫͷǴܵ
߽ݣֻһŴ󴲣ȻҲֻһ˫˿ıӡǣܲͬɣȻйһξҶ֮
ʫ޺ҶֻһŴҪ磬˯ϣҴ̡ٸƹҪһӾˡ
Ҷˣ˯ϣһ㲻˯
㲻˯ʲô
ҶͨһֱڶΪֹ㲻ҡҴ˯ҪܺúϢˣϴϴ˯ɡ
ϴϣҶϥĿ붨ʫЩЩʧ׻ҧҧ˵ƣȹӣֻ£˴
ҶȻ붨ǣĿʱȴ쳣ڵ쳣춯
ǣһϣûκ쳣ԭΪôʹ˯ڶӦ𴲳ģǣһֱȵڶճ֮󣬲ڵ𴲡
ʱ򣬻ʫѾˣֻǿҶһֱڴԱ㲻ҳţֻš
ȵҶſڸŷ⿴ʫųվҶߡ
ҶʾҪŷ⿴㿴˼粢ţߣߵԺſҪǰú֮ǰһͷһĿɨ˹Ͷ䵽Ҷ˫ϡ
Ҷһս鲻Խ˰벽ײĻʫϡ
ʫ޼̬ЩţǺҶȵ˵ϳֵġԸҲЩˣæôˣô𣿡
Ҷ˻ԴǺ̹ǵĸоߣûãָоӡһԺС
ʫ޼ҶûлشԼĻЩţҲյŷȥȴѾǵӰ
ֵһᣬҶţ˻ʫһۣʾţԺţǣҲôǣţǰߡ߳СԶԶؾͿ˼粢໥ǰߡ
ʫ޵磬ǲȵǰȥ𣿡
ãҶҸоѾڻǸˣҪǵǰȥ˵߱·ҲǾ鷳ˡԣȻѾɣԾôţһ·ȥ͢Ҷߡ
˵ҲǣǾ㻳ǣҲ·
ƺ˵Իһ㣬ǰȴ·ûע⵽ǸںƵģֻǰš
һǰһǰߡʱ֣ǰͣ·߳ԸҶҲͣԶٽǰߡ˰Ͷһջڶٽߡ
һ֮Ѿïܵԭʼ֣ڸߵɽʹɽߡ
һ·ϣǰ˼˲ǰߣҶͻʫҲţ˭Ҳ˭кԷڣȻƽô죬Щˡ
ʱ򣬸ֵ鷢ˡ
죬ʫĶҶ˵˼ѾԶˣҲǰµ·̣С·Ҳ߰ҵ·̡
Ҷһƽ͵ԼҲǽˡ


271 İ
ʱǵһȽϴļס˿ջǵ˵ڶ죬Ҷȵط֣뿪ջʱ˼ѾˣǾŸˡˣŮСǸӣ书ң˵Цġֻǣ˼ȴ໥ţһԲǰߡ
Ǽģ˸Ҳ˵ţǹżش䣬ŮȴһԲֻǵͷ·˵һɫЦǵЦ䣬ֻһͷ㱻иŮĿ˶ӡǽƣŮɵаšҲŪףΪʲôԼôӺȴһС˻ȥˣ
ҶҲɻʲôͷǵİֺ֣ѹͲʶֻҲǰߣѵԼһôĿģ
뵽һ㣬ҶסˡԼ;棬об˼һҪǳʲô飬Լɵ˫ôԶĳʲô飬ʵǲԮ
ǣڿջס֮ҶͻʫҲŽ˿ջס£ڴڵһϯϳԾƣ˼¥סϷȴûҲǼһϷ¥ھٱ˵ЦֻһĵؾơйƱһ̳ƳƳֱţʫʹһɫ˹ȥһ̳ƷϣЦһҾλСˣ
˴̴б۾һҶĿһ̳ƵʱʱԳһĨȺϲáЩ˶Ǻþ֮ˣ֪־ƷǳİһϯҲȲһ̳Ƶļ۸񡣸Ͻֻ̧񣬵λ̨𣿡
û£ǺǣֻǿλòãĽԹһкλͬһơ֪ûң
һͷٵֺһһ̳ӵƣٿҶһ崿Ļʫޣλǡ
ɣλ׾ϡ
߹ֵһһᣡ
һ긾ϲó¡Ҷ̧ȡһ̳ƣַϣҲʹֻһ飬ࣵһ鿪ˡʱ硣
ƹȻǺþƣ˲Σǣ˿̣ǵľԶԶ˾ƵջΪҶһ̫ˣ㹻Ļ񣬸־⡣ûһõɵúȻҶ
ҶȻһ̳ƣƣ̳ĿǿմɵģƱȴխžףҶ˫ôһ̳Ӿƣȴ˿Ƶ£ζûн
ղŵһֳ֣ҶĻ񣬶һֱֳ֣ĿѾ˿Ծش廨ĵزҪ˵Ѷȣǰ𺳣ǺĿûʲôӶ֪ԶǰĸѣǶѾ¯ĵزǲɵһġ
һվ󳷰벽ȫƵ˫Ҷº֣
ҲǸϯȴûվ󣬶Ҹһ󳷣Ȼǲһ·ġ໥֮ҲŸոϤá
ǸղҶһһ¶һ֣Ϊ
һϵһһѸֵȻ߻Ҫ缸ָ֣Ҷ㵽ʲô
һһ¥ʳŵñͷܣƬ̼һɸɾǮûˣþ¥ƹĶ⼸ǮǼ˼λεĵӣҲŵö㵽˹̨治ҳ
Ҷ˵ҪͺȾƣŴ¶ʵ̽һЩ˵ķӦҲöԷԼʵһ˽⣬Ա˵
ǰһҶʼ磬ץסǵ⣬ֻһһɻ˳ųݹȥǰ÷飬ҲסҶɵشȡ˹ȥ
һ£ϱɫ׷˱У֪ǰ˵ʵʵƽǵˣֻ±֮ءվһǿУûѡ񣬲ԼͬˣȻ֪һϣֻҲ˼һָͷġʱܣҲûпܴĸƤߡ
ҶЦЦת˰λϣ֣λʲôҵȷǴλԾƣûб˼ô𣿡
һ䣬һĿɡ
໥һۣӶԷп˾֣ǣԻػصλ
ʫ޲书Ȼŵֻǰ˵ӣľֺ£ȴǻʫܿóġΪԼ˵ı¶ԺԭǺЩȥЩ׶ĽʿġǴ˿̣һֺٻĿ⣬Цӯӯˡ
Ҷٱλһμ棬ȸƣΣ
ûǼ˵ҶѾԼѱоһƱϡ˶ˡ
ҶҪȥþƣϽȵɣҲһ̳ӾƣҲǾᡣǣȴ޷ҶһһξƶѼձӶƣѾľˮʪһƬ
֪꣬߳ǼȾƣôԸ
ͽǿȨȻȭͷȲˣϾͲǿӲ
ҶһЦүˣֻһ鲻ףʼλϣλʵ档
һһݵӵ˵һʵ档
áҶָָ¥ϣǽŵŮˣ֪Ϊʲôһֱһ𣿡
໥һۣһɫƵӳ֪ʲôϵֻǮƣҪ;ȥǭе˼ݵؽ硣Ըǽһ˻ǺףǮ˾ǡ
˶һͷʾͬɫߵĻ
һ˵һ䣺Ǯ֮ǽ˲£ǱЩӶ˫ַ͸ǡ
ʫ⻰ɵöⲡǱġΪУľ벻˵Ҳûһ˵ĸҴҳĳţľͷѹһӡ
ûʫȻǣ˾ȻûһԵģһͷѾ׼ˡʫ޲֪һ仰СúǰղҶ¶һֹټһ㶼ģȻҪʲôʲôֻ·ϵ
ҶôӶǵģʵǣһ·ϸǣûпʲôʱӶǰ
ЦˣʵҲʶģ֮ǰڸԵĵط˹Ӷһ쵽طŮˣһģסǸջŮϵصİɫȹȹľ޻ǻǵҪȥĵطΪί˳ۺܸߣҾʹӦˡ֪ί˲ίһί˱ˡ


272 ҹʧ
ǲֵԭΪί̫СˣǻŮȥ˼һ˾͹ˣαҪôˣڿǵǾ֮ܣǰֻֻϰˡ
õͷʾͬ
ʫ޼̰ȤҶһۣţ˼Ǹˡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦգգۣλˣʵҲ֮У;λŮ͵ģΪͻȻ֣ԲðȻҲ;ǵˣǾһ·ϵˡ
һ⻰˶ʱһ˰죬Ǵˮһ˲һˡʱһϲüҡһ£Ҷһۣεεѽү˵ūҵĶŵˣҪǲţ˵ձҪֹҶ֣ȴҶǴżڽȻûа㶯飬Ͻ˻üһԱߵߣһ·ͷ¼ֱ練ˣ԰ɣ
æĵͷǰǰʵ书һ˱´ֺ࣬αأ
Ҳڨڨǰίǵ˵֣ȻѾ뵽ĳֺ֣α˷ǮЩƽӹأ
ҶЦλǫˣҲһ쵱Ľɫκһڣһ˲ŲҲһʧġ
һҡͷ
ǲӵǵˣһˣǲ֪Ѿ뵽µ˳֣ͬʱҲǣǲĳҽʶء
Զԣһ˶ҵȷ𰸣㶼ĵЦˡ
ȻѾѻ˵ˣϯҲͳԵˬ
λЩˣ⼸ʵҲǸոʶ֪໥ֹӶϵҲ̫Ը˵ԼʵǣȡڻơΪ󣬶ϷϣΪεεģǰӽϣݸӵĽϽͣΪҲǸΪһӣ첡ǡ
һٳԵĺǻҶ书ǿǳǿȴûʲôֵļӣЩĽɫһֵܵģЩֵ춼ϲ£ˣԼһ˵ǲԩʶһǿĸ֡
糿һٴ̡˼Щ˴к·ʶƵģЩ˵õίҲֻǻƽҲΪ⣬ֻںšֻһζҶͻʫˡ
ͷһϳԾ˵ЦΪҶԸͣЩ˲þнǵڶַ֮Ҷƽдеһֲŭǲ˵ЦǱһҶǰߡ
һ죬ŮȴҲûʼɽ
ɽ᫲ƽҺխǣܶխɽ˶ǲСмΣҶվӣƺС·ĿУ̤նУǺȻ
һɽ·һֱߵ֮ǰߣҵסٲҲɽޣǽɽСʱûе·ĻɽҰ룬ͺ˼ˡߵ˰ۿ̫Ҫɽˣȴûмһӣһ˼ҡ
Ҷʻʫޣ⸽ûдӣ
ʫЩ˼Ҳû֪
㲻Ƕ˼ݺ𣿡
ֻǶ˼ݳǺ죬ֻĽҰôϤأ
˵Ҳǡӣֻ¶ˡ
Ҫ¶Ҳû⣬ֻǣûдס޵ɶģô죿
Ц㵣ʲôأˣ§˯Ұ޲˺㣡
ðҪôŶҪҹҰˣҪȳģЦ
ĵҲΪ㱻ҰҧҲϧ
ߴΣǱ˼Ѿһ£໥ţƺ˯ƺϥϢҶǾЩԶ̫С
ҶԸϵ˵ĽҰģҪҰޣҪǿУԣǲסڿջ⣬һţһ˵ξ䣬һʱһΰ֤࣬Ҷܱ־ӦǿкҰޡ
ϵ˵ȻΥҶָοҶ˵úе˷ֹΪƨҶͻʫ޲ֵ࣬ǼˡҶûдӦε콻ʹκʧԼҲֵ࣬ҿϢһ㣬֤ҵľʢ
ȻҶ֣ϵҲͲˣ飬Ҷͻʫ޵εһֵࡣȽϺãΪڸոڲãһϻû˯⣬һʱ˯ˣһڶϳԱ֤˯߱Ƚϳ֡
ԴˣҶûзԣ֪˼һĸֻ֣ԼԼϢãֻ±ӰԼӭе״̬ǷǳΣյġҪõ˯ߡ
ǰһʱɿ͹ȥˡʱҶ¶޵ĵص˼Ѳߡ
פĵطһµ¶Ƚ϶涼֣һɽ·ȽϿĵشΧ˼ڵ˯ΪҲ䡣
Ӱʱûʲô쳣Ķܵ־ĵģҹèӵжû㣬ûвݴԵĳӵУҲûһǣܺܰʱվˣҲѿӰ
Ҷѡһô£ʫޱߣϥڴ֮ʣܵһС
ǣ⻹Ƿˡ
ͺͽʱȴʧˣǰڵĻҲҪӸڵ͡
С۵ʱҶоˣ۾ؽͶ˲Զ·ߵ˴ҹ￴Ƕ˵ȻҲٿԿӰ
ֻӰӦĸͬʱֵĶأȥǿڣ
Ϊ¶޵ĵطɽ·һȽƽ̹ĵطǶ͵ɽ£û·ǰɽǾĸڵλðǰɽ·ߵôϡȻҪʱѲߵġǣȥͻڵʱͲڸλ
ʱ򣬴Яɳ©֪ǳʱҲҹ㡣
ҶûмŸϹȥԽʱԽҪӦԡΪϹȥ쿴ܲ书Ļʫޣһʲô⣬ǿɾͲˡ
ǣҡ˻ʫޣ˯ʻ׶Ļʫޣ첽ߣ龭֮ýˣ˼֮⡣
һ˵Щ˶ˣҲϽȥʺ֮Ĳרҵġܿǳˡ
ҶǼܣѰͣ£һ
ӦˣЩ


273 ͵
ڸѰʱ򣬽վҶߣɣ˵ʲôأǲҰްˣ
Ҷ۾һ˼ˣԽҰޣҰ޶Ըˣǲġ˵ˣޣӦˣҲһ㶯ûоͱߡ
ʵһʵɻǾ˼ķӦ
ղŰѸǶ˵ʱѾܴˣǲϸղŽĻ˵ģҲܴȫǻûκηӦͺ˯һ㡣
ôǲʲô˰ɣ
Ҷһȥִм˼ٵļҡһ£ҪʣͻȻһ㶡漴һֻݵִ
Ҷʱеһһ˹ֵĸоͬʱȫθŻ
Ҷû˹һָת֮䣬һεľͬʱָѾɰһ࣬Ө͸ߡһ£ڶԷĵһָ
ץסҶֻݵƣȻġҶһָģоһִݿǿǹϵݻ٣ͬʱһֱܵ࣬翴һֻ֣εסࡣֻҪһܽ缦һ顣
״ֵֹͣ۾κηֻصȴŶԷ
Ƭ̡ҶŻؽԼִ˼ٵļ򳷻أͬʱҲƿء
һ˲䣬оԼֻ֣˲ʧˡһָֻֻȸղҪöࡣ
Ҷֺһۣλû°ɣ֮;λģղųһ飬ҵλðˡ
Щɬմʦܷ棿
Ҷɡʦ䲻棬˼Ҽ¡
ո˵˼Ȼ֮ǣǸʲôˡǲܡҲǲҪǡκʱ򶼲Ҫ
Ҷһ㶣ûˡŮͨǲģҲûʲôֵġǣЦЦȻЩǴˣ˯ɡ
Ҷռ֮ںڰиղŷʲôֻǴӾֵʻи֪˸ղ˵Ľ֡ȻܣŻֵᷢʻ
ڹע飬ڲֱϣ֮Ѿֵ˽Ҷ书Ŀ£ڣ˵ĵǣǵһ飬ƾʧˣ
Ȼ˼ǲܣǾͰԼ뷨¡ҶѰҡ
˹Ѱұ˺ܶ࣬ûöãǱҵ͡׼ȷ˵ҵ͵ʬ塣һ߿ֲʬ塣
ʬھ¶޵ĵطԶһݴʬಿλһѪܵĿֽȥ̽⣬֪ߵ࣬Ѿˣ
ҶõѶ첡ǵ˻ԼŸϡŻʬ巢ִ
ھʬ廹ʮಽԶĵطҶøϺͽﻹлʫԭصȴ
ʬǸϣо飬ڷʬ֮ûҶ
Ҷʬܵ˸ϷʬʱµĲ̤ۼ֮⣬ûĺۼԼĺۼץֵĺۼû¡
Ю͵ģѵУܣҶûмû˵˭ȱ¡
ڼûзֿɺۼ֮ҶߵʬԱߣʬǾֵ˫ǼȵĿ־ſµġʲô˺£
Ҷ˼⣬˵ʿǶǵѪˣǿúܿģĶԾԷٸߵ֣Ҳ˾֣Ҳĺ¡
ǣ꣡
һ뵽ʣҶоһһĹԼĺӴһ㡣һսʶͷģֻһžҹա
ҶͷŽµʬ壬ĿʬصǸȭͷѪϡ
⿪ʬ·Ǿߵǰ쳣ӲعǣǱҪࡱķײܶøվ͸ժȡ࣬۶ϵعӦûԭأǣûСѪǿֲѪܵĿ֮⣬û࣬ҲûԭλڿĶϹǡ
عǵȥˣѵժȡ͵࣬ͬʱժعǣ
ҪĴˣǿǲġ
ǣˣһ֣
Ҷٴ뵽ǸµĴʡ꣡
ʬλû˺ۡ·λҲû𡣳ࡣϵĽҲûжʧ
ҶְѸϺͽ˹ǰѾ鿴ʬ壬ϸ쿴ǴһǱʬ౻ڵŵûʧɫֵضҶǰֻǿЦ벻ҧܹҰ
Ҷô֪ǱҰҧģˣʲôҰֻ˵ҧȥأ
ǻңɣǻ𣿻ɱ
ɽҰģЩˣûбˣԣе˶ɣҪǲܼʱҳˣֻһģеһڣشѲߵʱûгȥ
ǵڶֵڵģ֮ǻͽȻ͵îʱǾ͸ˡ֮ǰ¶޵ĵط˯ԣпɱģʱ̡
¶޵ĵطҰ⣬һӰĺҹҶϸ˸ղԼʱĸоڴʱоΣգǲܸ֪ÿһ˵Ķԣ޷֪Ƿʱҹ뿪¶޵ĵط
ҹȥûɱҵ书ôɱһǶţժȡ࣬Ҳ룬м䣬㣬û
⻰ǻҶ˼øϲɵϱɫǳ˵ʲôҪȡǵҪôѾֻҪ֣еûһѣ㣡
仰ʵҲѽ˵Сĵ㣬Ҫ練ơʵ˵Ǿ仰ϺˣҲܺ£Ҷ֣Բɵúȫһ㵭ɫķϵĻ뵽Լһ׼Ҳûа취ԸҶģԼûκλᣬҪģ˵öԷ顣
ǣж˾һ򵹣˵ˣԲԭ£
Ҷڻºһһղţ˹ʲô
Ǻ£ŵǼʦڵķղū̫ˣðǰ˹
ҲȰһʱͿɣ
Ҷڰ֣ʵǣʩչַΪʲôһɫϢ֣


274 ּɷ
ûȽش𣬸Цˣĺɷݸ˵ʵĲͬٶȵĳɾҲͬҲֹֻҵΪǳûʲôá
ԭҲֹʦ˵һѧģһ洫Żġ벻Ҳᡣ
ϵô˵ʦƭˣֹȻ򣬵Ѿڴģǿѧģֹֻ˶죬ʵӰ̫첻У㲻ôŬ̫Ľչġ
Ҷֹ֪ǳǿڰϢ𣿡
ǣԽߣڰϢԽڣ˵ɷľ֣ĺڰϢ塣ΪһĹ
Ҷ뵽μǸʦۣȽϣߵĹƺҪܶࡣ
뵽ۣҶϱ뵽޼᲻ݵĹ칦Լйٱʶûа취ӦԡĿʬǰĿϣعǵʧѵֹĽ
Ҷٴβ쿴ߵ˴µĿͬûвƬ£Ҳ˵ֽһĲƬͺعǣ񻨵Լĳһ㣬ڻˡ
ɱ͵ģѵóɷĸ֣
Ҷûлͷĺɷܻ߹ͷĶ𣿡
Ϻ˿Ц໥һۣϵ̫߹ǵĸˡ˵ĹǾʩչڷˣʩչѾﵽ˳ֵľ磬ҿģҵĺɷ˵ǻǵҲģǿһ·ѡ
ͷǰʦҲûа취ʩչڷƵġ
Ҷ˵ʵۣԼѹۣΪǵĹǳߣԸѲֹ˷Լǰչ¶ʱ⼸ĵĺµģɼǵĺɷߣҲܻĺڷơ
ҶøϺ̧ʬ壬ص¶޵ĵط
飬е˶Ѿû˼˯£ĬĬصšǰʬ̧ǰƣһš
Ҷע۲˼ȴûκηӦſɽϰ˯
Ƕ۵òˣһĿҶ
ҶЦ˰ɣĹ˭֪ļˣ˴Żȥ
ϵҡͷ֮ǰ໥ʶǵһμ棬û˵˵֪ļˣ֪ˡ
ӣ˶˵ˣֻһͷǲǸø˵һԼ˶û֪
͵ʬڿ֮ţҲûٰž䣬ΪҶû˯⡣
ۿ߽¶ǰף˼·ʲô鶼ûзƵģվǰߡ
ҶҲ棬ǰ棬ں档;͡
һ죬ûٳκԭϢ˼ҲԼԼĶûиҶ˵һ仰
ӽʱǾһСׯϸϽҶҪȻǸ˵һסɣǰ֪û˼Ұ
Ҷͷ첽ǰ˼ǽڴްɣԷһܲ¶á
˼ûǸţҪססˣ
ô˵ҲΪ˹İΣ롣
ǲǹܣ˵ţ²ûͣЪһֱǰߡ
Ҷֽ˼䣬˼ûи˵ҶΣֻÿЦŶԸҡҡͷҪ¶Ұ⣬͵òһЩͷƤ顣
ɽǰߣͷȥһĶܵɽ˼Ӱʱ˼ͣ½Ųһƺס£һô˯ˡ
Ҷܿһ£Ĵɽ֣ɽ£߱ȽϿҶһĵشǱȽʺϷصġ
ȡϴεĽѵҶûڰԶǵĸڣǼΧŴһƷΣŵڣҲһû뿪ֻվž䡣
һе¹⣬ҫŻҰʮ֮ⶼܿĳҶܷκοΣա
һΣҶû͵ֵһ࣬ҲǰʱʱģҲиҲ֪ƨԹԵҶİš
ڴ֮ǰҶϥһľܣ۲ܵǣһֱӰˣҲûκη֡
ҶӰ࣬ûнѻʫޣԼһֵؾ͹ˡûù˫Ŀ˫
ְ˰ʱһֱúӿڴ˯˼ͻȻվߡҶϽ׷ϣȥ
㣡
Ҷһ£Ͻ˽Ͻ˼Ҫȥ㡣
˯ʵģϽ˼۾׷ȥС֡
Ҷվԭأض
ͻȻ˽﷢һ̴ٵľ͸żȵľ֡һǳĵͣҶˣ
ڵһ壬һ£ڿն˼һ˽﷢Сһۿ˽ﾪֵ˫Ŀͬʱ˼Զ߲¹ҫ¹ƨһŭ˼塣
ҶϽŤתŭʽʲô㾪ʲô
󡭡иˡ
Ҷŵػӣֿ˼ĹƨɣϽŤ˰
ָбһô棡
˻䣬ҶѾڿնһ⣬ͬʱܷ˲ʩչܱһɫķףָ̽ǲŵ˳ָȻ˾Ө͸İһ㣬һĺ⣬ָ綾ߵĺŰ˸һֺâ⴦ĺӰ
ָжԷ˲䣬ҶͻȻһָ֣⺮â˲ʧϵֵܷķҲͬʱˣָջأɵƣһģһԾ˻ڽߡ
ϵһĵıȽأϵǶѣ֨ĽһԾʧ
ҲˣԭǸԳʱǺԡԲҿˡ
ʱ˼Ѿȹϵã첽ҶŭĿӣͻȻ̧֣һ˹ȥҶ΢΢һ㿪ˣ֧Բ𣬹ΪˣҲǴĵġ
˼˵׷һƣҶ
ʱϵѾ춯˼׷ŴҶ֪ΪʲôԾؿţҲû˸ǰ
Ҷ۽һΣϡ첡ʱ˫һĨ漴ͫವһ״С
Ҷ׼ʻʱ漴֣ʫ޺ͰûиŹ
Ҷһݣ˲˵𣬴ܳ֡
˲䣬˻ʫ޾ֵļС


275 
Ҷգһһ죬˵Ƶģٶһߵ˼ޣһգ۱㵽˻ʫ޵ߣһסС˳Ŀǰȥ
ֻ¹ҫ£һʬ壬ǰϣĿڣѪ죬һȭͷѪȻĿǿ࣬Ѿˡ
˶ʱˣܣֳ֡
ǣɽ磬ʲôûС
˼߻һ۵ѪܵĿֲʬ壬·𿴼Ĳʬ壬һľͷûκθо߻úӴõּɽ˯
ҶɿĴѲһ飬ûʲô֣ҲûзǱĺۼصԭأǶֵҶû˵ߵʬԱߣ²쿴ֻʬؿڴĿѪð˳ҲζţǸոձġ
Ҷվһˡ
һԵĸŭǸոףӦǸղǱȥͬʱɱ͸ղôһ˲䡣
첡ǣô֪ǸʱҪ嵽ȥأǸʱ̷ǳĶݣôݵʱ͵Ϯ֣һнϻУȡ࣬ɼ书ߵó棡ҷӦó档Ķֻ֣¸ܵ
ҲŵҶ˵ô죿
ѾڴùģȷûԸΪһʳͶϾǮٶ࣬ҲȥòСҶҪǻɢɡ
ʱͻȻ˵ˣίǵô˵ģǺúûһپ
ϵ˶ͷһݣǻ𵱳ίίеʱ˵ĻؽŮ͵˼ݡ֮ءΪʱί˸Ӷ̫ˣǲܾܾҲûа仰һ¡Ÿоһַĵ׵Ŀ־塣ѵҪ;ߣĻ֮أ
ҶûίУίУίûа취ġ˭ߣ
Ϊʲôʡ
Ϊֿܾм䣡
˶һɢŵضŶԷ
֪ҶῪЦȻ˵һɣˣʲô
Ҷղ˽ľ˹ȥҲˣŸǻһ£ǲͬʱϹģ
ϵͷɣǼ书࣬ӦҲࡣ
ͶˣȻǼӦ࣬ӦüͬʱȻӦ˹ģ԰ɣ
ûӦϵͷ
ǡҶָŵϵİϵʬ壬ΪʲôɱŸղ˯ӣûƶһ壿˵ʱ򣬰ûûзӦǵ书£ûҲûзӦԭ򣬾ֻһѾˣ
ϵֳһ˵֮ǰѾɱˣ
Ҷͷһɣ־м䣡
ĸ˸ֺ˼˵۾;衣첡ǻɣҪ˵мҲܣֻ˭ϢɱңڸղŲãֻû˭°ɣ
Ҷ˷ǳأΪ书ص÷ǳĺáװ书ߵӡ
ҡͷǼ书ܸоֻǶѣܶ˵£Ϣض֣عǣɱϣǳһ֣ǾġŲҪɱǣҪôѾѵǡ
˵ĿתӺ˼ϡ
·֪Ŀӣԭյ˫һˣŸϣʲô
֪ǲɱǵˣ
ҿɱǣĻ
Χм䣬˭ҲҶ֪֡ȻǰҶ֣˴ǣҶһĸ֣ҪǼǲСһ
ŤͷҶһ¹ǲ
ʱ˼˵ˣǲ˵Ǹոձĵ𣿼ȻȻѪζô̵ʱ䣬ܰѪζģβǰǵƣûѪȲ֪ˣֻţԲ׼ǵ֡
ã
Ӻ˼ýзһ̧ǰƽ졣
Ҷ˹ȥ˼壬ѱӴȥ˼廹Ǻ޸ղԼĴƨɣ˵ͻȻԼһ⣬ܲš
˼岢ûпҲûзӦŵɢһζζҪҪ˼ʱŵһŵо쳣ŨңͺǻƵġ
úܽŵŨҵĻ֮⣬˵ϣû˿Ѫζ
ҶվֱûѪζߵģûһѪԣǡ
ǣҲǣ˭Ͼ㵵
ոʳ仰ͻȻһڡԭģһ˲䣬ƺеĹĳص͵ˡ
˵һӶսˣһ֮ļСһ˲䣬ͬʱ뵽һʣǰ뵽Ĵʣ꣡
ǣȻûпܣ˼Ҳûпܣ˭ҶֵǰϢضعǣû˿أ
˹ꡣ
ҶҲоͷƤһ飬ʱоһֻ͵һץסֱۣŵһǡߴ̡ȥֵ̧˲䣬ץסֱ۵ˣǿĻʫޡŻˣẰУһץסԼΨһĿɽҶ֮⡣ȴ벻ԼͬŵúëҶͻһӣ㱻ҶһָѾڹŹתһȦ
ҶɢϵĹƱůḧʫ޵ֱۣģûµġ
ͻȻٵǰĺڰҶһҲ˺ڰУҲһ˸ղĸ֪ʱȻֻе¹⣬ؿ˻ɢֺɷĵϢǣ첡ǣҲɷ𣿡
ǣһǮһηĵѧģҵʲУֹܽʣҵһ㣬ôŬ޷ﵽľ硣
첡ҲʦģʦɷûǿֹҲǼߣûʲôã˷ǿһ֮⣬ѾܶûֹˡΪʲôҪ
Ҷɱ˵ĶƲʲôˣ

ԣҶֻҪͷˣɱ˶жɱͺͰϣϱȻֵֵͬԭһҪɱˣҪɱҲȻиһԭ򡣡ԭʲôأ
ɷѿڶҺͽҲɷֹȷһּߣûжôԣֹ˷ǳ١֪ܶҲԸ⻨ʱȥزʶίȴֱίͬˣ᲻Ϊɷ


276 ˮ
ǣɷûʲôѵָֹгԺҷĲֹҲʩչˣ
첡𣿡
һӱȻˣǼ⹦ǳ˽⣬Ƕֹ֪һӰΣҲ޷ˡҲ̸ȴ߷Ųõ⡣ΪʲôղΪ飬ֵʱͬʱֺɷĺڰϢԵʡ
ǣֺɷôֵɱ˵ĵطأҵ벻ҪôҪ󣬿˵ʲô鲻أ书ҲͶֵ书ôǿҪԸʲôȻǲܷġΪʲô¶úأ
Ը¶ֻһֿܣǾǣûпġ
磿ʡ
Ҫǵ
ȷûпĵط
ΪʲôΪʲôҪɱǣǸг𣿡
ϵ˵ģκɱˣԭģûԵ޹ʵɱ˵ġֻڻ֪ΪʲôҪ˶֡
Ӧǰ˸ʮһҶĻ˭˵ֵĿأ
ûɷ
û˵ɷɱ˵ɣֻһƲ⡣
ӣѸЩŪͿˡô£
ûѾ¶ǰס
˼һվ໥żǰߡҶŻʫϡ
Ϻ첡Ҳţͽԥһ£ʬô죿
ˣͷҲأǲ֪˭ˣҲǻһû֪ιɽҰްɣ
ʫˣץסҶĸ첲ֲɵöһ£ģǣҶûͣʬֻܸš
һ죬ͷһһƽضȹˡ
˰̫ɽʱ˼ͣһСԡ໥ſںӱߵһ˯ûи˵
ϵ˶Ҷȴİš
Ҷʵһ·϶⣬ǰϱɱģûκΣյļҲһϣٴγΣգεΣգδؾеĳһԼʫޣҲ˼ĵǺߡԣر֤һʧС
Ҷǵ𣬵ΧҾͲţʲô꣡컹ûȫڣҷͷȥ𡣡
ǣҶտˮߴµ˼ʫ޶˼
Ҷ㿪ʼѻѡѶˣڼѵʱѾˣҹϡ
ҶˣҪˣˣ
ܵĸɲ𶼼ˣЩ˶ߵñȽԶȻǽһ𣬶ŵղҲȵˣһŵ࣬ȥӱϴϴ
Ů˾ǽɽ·ͥŲô泩
ҶѲȼһ£Ѳյʲôʱ
ʱ˹һˮ죬ˮ洫ʲô䵽ˮ
ҶʱͷһԾ𣬿б㿴壬泯¸ˮ棬ˮڵ¹£ѾһЩɫ
Ҷڰգһ£ܷչγһ׷㡣ͬʱγǸŵƣָѾ˺͸ָһɫĺâ¹Եøء
ߴ̣
ಣ
ָ˽ܵˮ棬ССˮˮ£ʯѾ
ҶĹҲ̶̵ֻе˲ָȥ˽ߵˮ
ˮҪȥ̽⽿İɫˮֻȥ˲ſֵܳĹƱ֪ѾˡڣҪףץסƤµ֡
ͬʱҪԤˮԼ͵Ϯ
ǣˮУˮĽ
գ۾ˮһɨΪ˿ѾڣȻеҲֻܹ͸һСˮ棬޷Զĵط
ߴһķųˮϽС˻ˮ棬Ѱûʲô֣˿̣ʬѾƯʮԶˡֻ׷ȥץסʬ壬ϵһȻǸʵһ壬Ѿȱ˴룬һѪѪһС࣬Ѿûټ
ҶڰߣûȤ׷٣Ϊ̫ˣٵһʱץ֣ǺץסĿԾ΢΢ˡ
ֵһᣬǼȺˣҶɵڰߣʪģһϽûʻ㿴˽ͬʪĿֲʬ壬㶼ˡ
ǲţϾȻҶľǰɱˣȴûбץסûб˵˸Ƕô˿ֲ
ʫĵɵİΣҶƽİһЩ
ȸϡ첡ǶˣҶŻתͷǣϵ·Ǹɵģ˵ʲôΪˮɱˣһǴ·ģ㱼ˮġͷǸɵģԹؼͷ
ǣͷҲǸɵģԣ֤ǲ֣ʫ޵ͷȴʪģ
ҶŻʫ޾ܾɱ书֪ʫ޲书ʵʩΪʵͷôʪģ
ϴ˰
ϴˣʲôʱ򣿡
ڸղţһ·϶ûкúϴĻᣬղżֱҶŪˣϴܵġˣղںӱϴͷʱ򣬿˼Ҳںӱϴͷ
˼ҲںӱϴͷҶŤͷ˿Ǳߺӱߵ£ؿϢŮˣرмǸһ·Ͼûп˵Ů˼١һվ˹ȥӱ˼Ů˿˯Ĵ¡
һۣͿм˼٣һͷ㷢ȻɢţʪģƺڱĿ붨
ҶԲ𣬴һ£ʸղ˼ںӱϴͷ𣿡
ϴͷҲҪͬ⣿
Բǵһֱɱˣ౻ˣںӱߣһǴˮ׵ģҪһ¡
ǵˡ
ǣ˼
ҶñӶˣûϵô˵Ƕæģģڵã˼ֱӲ顣
˼ĻӱҲ˵ˣҶô˵ǡ
ҶֻվֱЦҡͷ
һˣʬߣҶǼԣ𽥽Ӳʬ壬Ĭˡ
ͻȻ첡ǵƨŻ򣬼Ծʧ˺ڰԶ˭Ҳ벻Ȼ˵Ѹݡ
Ϻͻһվ໥һۣԥƬ̣ˡ
ʱĻǮܵ
һ仰˵䵽˹ͷԵ˶еһĺ⡣


277 ˵Ľӡ
֮ǰҶǰѽʬˡȻ·
߳ҶվסˣĿɿڴǰɽ·սǴϵҲվסˣǸľ֡ɽ·սǴһôϣ߸ߵһʬ壬ͷһߵ첡ǡ㣬Ѿ۶ˣڼͷѵĲϻһϸϸļظ󷽣ͬһѪܵѪ
ʬ·ߵ·ѾѪȾ졣
ʫŵһУһ˽ҶĻ
Ҷο䣬ʬ£̧ͷ۲졣
˼ȴûƵģ˹ȥʹʬ棬·ûʲôʬ塣ߵʬһ̯ȾѪʱ˼ͻȻվסˣվ໥ǰȥ
ϺͻѾȫɸһ㣬վﶯˣŶҶڸô죿
ҲǰҪһܰɣСҡҲ
Ҷ죡ֻ꣬ӲͷƤϣʱûѡѾ쵽˼ˣһ·ǼҪֿ˯ͬʱҲ˼ǼԶһЩһпˡ
ֻܵͷûѡԼߣûҶ֣Ǿֻ·һڵ첡Ǿõ֤ˣǮ߾
ϳǰŵŬŬ죬Ǹɵģ
ԭôɵģǣ쵽죬û뿪ҵߣԣǡɱ첡ǵģǡ
ǵ˭˭Ҫɱǣ
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣Ѿӽˡ

̫ɽһΣҶûκΰţ˼˯֮͸ϡҲŰЪʫ޾ߡһΣҶûǰϥ
˲ڲݵϣ˯
ҹܰһƬڰŵԴðﻹ˯ţţﵶŵضǰڶҹɫ˼˯ڲԶĲݵϣ໥š
ʱһĹȥˣҹɫҲһıңһŨŨĺͬڵҹɫûע⵽仯
ŵĸϺͻԭиƤҲʼˡһʹҹɫĺˡ
ʱͻȻͷһӴȥӻζ¡
漴ܿɢȥŷֺ󱳿ŵĻƺԾתԻͷһᣬԵ˲ݵϡŵһŨŨѪζһֱ嵽ӡ
һڵصг趯סеˣ˺ˣ
漴뵽ȻԼı󣬽ԼɱԼȴһ㶼ûз֡ԵԼԼ˵ûκεĻѡ뵽ɵȫ亹ֱðĻ˵ˡ
ҶûǰﷴӦڲݵûʲôǻʫޣѣһӱסҶֵĴ
Ҷţ˫˺ԣƵ˼塢˼λɱ˵ֶΣܸ
ŭʲô˼
˵ʲô˼ǺҲֻǣһ飬Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪɱǵ⼸ˣ
־ŭվҶߣźڰ˼ŭԭǸɵģΪʲô
̲Ҳ˵ʲôҲ֪үɣҲ֮һǿɲʲô˶ݺġ˭
ҶҵȻݺļˣɱ˵ﷸ౾ˣҲݣǳӺݸүִ£ִӺݸ
Ӻݸִ£ӳһҶ
ҶЦˣ벻ҵѾôˣЩͥԺĸ˶֪
ߣִ£ȨףҲó֤ݰɣû֤ݣҲѪˣ
֤ݣǵȻҪСӣҶŻĿ⾼ŲԶˣԱߵĸϵѻȼ
ܿȼҶӹյ˵棬ֻһ㵭İ˪һֱ쵽˼ô
Ϻܾȣǳ컹Ƚȣ˪
Ҷָҷһ书ܽӴɱǣ֮ҾΧֱİ˪ĺҹڵϣע⵽ġȻȡֵĽӡϣ־˼
Ҫ˵˼Ѿסִ£Ҫץǣó֤ݰɣ
Ҷû˵վһ˽ӡһֱ˼ٵǰʧ
Ҷ̾һ벻־Ȼһ·һֱ˵˼١˼Ҫһ˫֣ţѪӦûûв
˵գҶȥץ˼ٵֱۣ˼̧֣סҶĸ첲
Ҷȫһ𣬶˼壬еĹâϾ·һͷԱһͷĸʨ
˼ſҶ֣㲻áҲԲ֣
Ŷһ˵ҵɡ
˼Ƭ̣ڻʵ֪
ǣ
˼ֳĬãŵǺã㸽Ҹ㡣
ҶûгɣѶȥ˼ϸüΪ˼Ѿˣ
Ҷһͷ˻˼壬һ־֣漴ְʵߵصǰ˼ٵϡͬʱֹȥָ˼Ǳ纮ϡ
ûκҲûл˵ļӦеȡѻٸߣ˼ϣûϢһ˫ӣҶѾͫѾǣ·һĤǡ
ı֮һٴ֤˼ʵһʬ塣
ˣһʬ壬Ȼɱ֣
ţ˼Ҳ̧֣͵Ҷǰǲ֣ҲԼ顣ҵϵûѪ
ҶͷɨһۣĻϣҲǸɸɾģû˿Ѫ
Ҷһ֣ĻϨˣԲ˼ҺܱǸһҲһ㲻ףΪʲôнӡӻһֱǵǰ棿ܽһ𣿡
ܣ˼嵭ػش𣬡˯Ƕ֪ΪʲôЬӡҪλ̽úõˡ˵ưı²ھʩչŻʱˡ
˵˼¶һĨթ΢Ц
ҶҲһЦ˵ǣܽƾһӡͻλͻˡȥ磬书֮ǰȺɱˣȴ֪Ҫһӡ߸λҲһѰ顣λˡ£
˵գҶվҾһ
˼ֻǵһЦ޷ִҲǹûʲôġɫ磬ҪϢͲˡ˵գĿٲ˵ˡ
Ҷصʫ޵ߣʫûؼĻҲǲ֪˼һʬ壬ΪʲôҶ֮ǰһгӣ˼ļ֮ˡʣǿҶûи͵˼ѻȥ


278 
ҲͬƣȻиһ־֣ǣҲˣҶû׼ʲôֻӲͷƤ£Ҷߣ
ˣ˼ֽǰߣҶĬĬţʫ޺͸Ҳ˼ں档ʬԶദһѾˡ
һһ죬ûзκ顣
ǵһɽʱ˼ͣƺ׼Ϣ
ʫ޸Ҷ˼Ѿֻжʮ·ˡҶ˿ѾµϦƻаʱң̫ɽˡת˼£ϡ
ҲһֱƺֹҶڹ첽ߵҶǰȭ֣ҶҼﻹһЩ½ɵһСҲмɫһҪܾԸ⽫ȫҲС檣Ϊ𣬲֪Σ
ҶҼȣǣֻҲѱ书̫ˣ죬ɱߣҾȻһ㶼֪˵ô㣿
ϼҪˣңûܾˣ㣡ҵľ֮
Ҷ룬ĺ
ǰҲһĸжӡ
Ҷһ֣ô£ǻˣʲôˣ
Ǻֵ̿ҶҲ˼
ҵ˼ڶ³ӣǵһᡣҶָָѾɽ͵̫ϼٵһᣬ̫ɽֻҪ˵𣿡
Ͽɥ
Ҷֵԣҵ˼ǣҰɱܻʹһЩΣ
Цˡ
˭㿪ЦҶЦһ͵˼ˣǰÿֻɱһˣҪɱ㣬͵˼ݣҲͲɱˡԣ㲻ǾͿҺҵŮ
Ծһ㳯ȥǣոڿյ˰գĺѾҶһץסͬʱһָĺϡ
϶ʱȫˤ˲ݵϣ˵ˡ
ҶһŲסĺȺɽλǰѾץסˣҪԳ֣ȡԸ⣬¿֣ɱǰǷԸ⣿
ȺɽصȴûκηӦ
ҶƬָ̣ǰشҾǰȨңɱˡվ͵˼ˣǰΪǰһСµķϣŹлˣ
ֵƬ̣ûκηӦҶȻǰѾȨҾͶˣ
˵գѥͲذף׼˸ϵĺģҪ̴࣬һʹ࣡
ذףһ£ϵĺġ
ͻȻһӰ˹ץҶ󣺡ס֡
һ¿磬һûüӦҶȴ·Ѿ죬ͻȻһ㿪һץͬʱ漸ŶԷֱۣ˶Էߡ
Ӱ벻ҶͻȻȻ⧲㻹˲һɫ֡

һƱ֮
ˣ
ذװ˺Ӱߡ
Ҳֻܴô࣬ΪӰѾˣǰذף˿մ
Ҷ̾һ书ĻҪߡ
ǺӰѾվڼԶѪ͸˳εδݵϡ
ҶһЦҲµûûд֡
Ӱ˼塣
˼һûٷϣҶô֪֣
ʵɱһˣҲ͵ʱûлɵǣǣҸоЩԾ˵˱ıɱƸǵˣӦùһ£ûУȫһȻӣͺܲԾҾˣǲǲıˣҪȫѾȥʱ˼٣Աʬܸһƶ
ʫ޼һŵ԰ףʶŵ˼٣ɽ޵Ϊһߵ˵Ĳ¶ıɫûͿ֬Ĩ۴Ѿܵīɫ
ʫּһ㵽Ҷ󣬿ֵĻҶ鷳㵽һô淢ԼֻбԼƽŲҶ
˼Һܺ棬¶
ڶɱˣҲɱϵʱм䱻ɱģţ˵书ҸߣǣûǱ뵽ɱˣժ뿪ȴ㶼ûиоԣ˿϶м䣬Ǽ书е˵ʵһ㶼ǵʵرǽǸʱҸ֪һֺصģƲʩչҵʱ;ãҪңαܲġʱҾͿʼˡһģҾע⵽ãʵѾˡһһʬߡ
Ŷô֪ģ
ҶЩ֣ĺĿǿǿƣѾ͵Ϯˣ㲻᲻֪ʱ䣬˿Ѫ࣬ʵͻ࣬Կ˵ʤΪʲôҪҽأ
˼ٵһЦ̫߹ˣǺܺ棬ס㣬Ҿһֻ֣ҲܽСʲôùԹҵĺģ˵ĻһһȫʬҪȻǻúܲң
Ҷͷһݣ˼ƶ٣ѵԼղµҪöࣿ
ҶʵҲܺ棬ΪʲôΪǼôԶ·ȻϵصĳȹڸĽŲƶ˺Ũͼڸʬǣûãʬǻḯõģǿʲô϶ܡ
죡˼ظΪͣȫҲһصĺɫϢ
ȻԷǳžˣҲҶǣҶϣԷһѪöԷɥʧǣҶŵҪǱˣô˵ηֵģ
˼ʵظƽϢָܿƽû˵
ɱ˵ʱҲɱʱҲܼ֡򵥣ںӱ߱ɱģǸںӱϴ廨Ьʱ򣬱ˮ͵ϮǰءǵֹӦÿ԰׷ӲعǣһᱣǵƲմѪ԰ɣ
ûɷȷĹá
ţҲΪʲôժȡߵ࣬飬ȴûзѪٺ٣ҽ˵ﱻʱɽϼ𣬶ںӱߣȻҲɴǱˮ֣ǣͷ˵һУʣµĸͷǸɵģǲǱˮhȻҲʪģ书һҿԿ϶õͷɢŪʪĿҰעѾȥϣڸͷҲʪʱҵȷעϣΪɵģ㡣


279 Ծ
˼ЦҶɱˣ㻹Ҳ֣㲢û˵ô
Ҷʼ磺˵ʵҵıвưѧɵģóǶϰɶϰ
˼ӻһ£漴վˣô˵ɱ˻ʱ򣬲Żɵҵˣ
ǵģҲ֮󣬿˽ӡǰΪ֣ǣ֪ܵʵѾˡǲɱ˵ġһ̣Ͼˣһжһֲģ֡ûϽҴΪʱܾҳ־˷Ѿ˽ơ֪㻹֡Ҫһ֣мƣԱ㰵͵Ϯ㡣֪ɱЩˣһͬĵطǾǶԷࡣȻ֪Ҫʲô֪Ҫǵֱ࣬ƻҪĶһ̲סֵġͬʱǰ㶼ҹ֣ǰ죬Ҿͻɰôơѡ̫ɽ֮ǰ֡
˼Ȼû˵ôҲ㲻ˣ뵽һ㣬ҶЩļıҲҪñңҲϵ࣬ҲòֹġˣҵĺѾˣˡûôذ״̴ࡣҸһ顣
ҶһЦһ£ǣŹͷˣǾͳЦˡ
㲻ҿɱ㣿
ڴ֤Ҷ忪ʼһɴİɫϢܣܿ죬γһ޵ķףϦһصĹ
˼۾ϣȴûκηӦ˵û̫ţһ¡
ͻȻҶûκζףҵһ㣬˼塣ͬʱڿת֣̽ѾһɫĹâָ֣ɺһָ࣬ż糤ĵɫĺâ˿ռ䣬һɫĲӰ˼Ķͷ
ߴ̣
ںâ뵽˼֮ǰ˼ͻȻʧˡӰһʮ֮ĵطһƶûʲô仯
ҶͷһݣԷƶٶȣԼҪ졣
˼ģҲˣڰ죬ܵƣ޷ӣѡ˰칥ңһʧߣǾ̫ɽŶֻ֣Ҫ̫һɽҵ磬ԣֻСʱˣó汾±ɣҪܣܲҵģ
һŮеĹЦëȻ
Ҷ֪˵ʵҲҶΪʲôͻȻֵԭѪԷȺڰʲô˼źĵôµ֡һ㣬Ҷող׵ģԣ붯֣ӡ
ҶȻٶȱһΣѾȫٶȿֻڿһӰ㵽˼ǰ
˼ԭԴ΢ЦͻȻӲϣΪ֣壬ڱ˵ĵطһĸоָоǣһĴȵĶ
ڳ֣һĳͣġ
ߴ̣
ˣ
Ҷĺһָص˼̧ϡ
˼ͬŻе򣬺ɳȥصײԶ֡
ǣ
һɶѵ˼ĽϱϸĴײϣ˲ݴС
Ȼ˼ػǳǱˤ˳ȥҶһĻȴûκϲãŨüһš֪˼һǽŵɣжԼߴ̵Ĺ˼岢û̫˺
Ҷܳ˼ˤĲݴǰ
ݴѾû˼Ӱ
Ҷûжغϵ۾ܡ
һĽӰҶб˹ӵ̽Ĺ֣һ
ڽ⼴Ҷʱ򣬾һҶƵסˡѾӳ˻ķȻ޷Ҷһ˫ơ
˼һ㵵˲䣬ҶȭͷѾص˼ʵϡ
꣡㸡ֵһְϢγɵףֳһơ
һΣ˼岻ԼжıʵʵжײȥġΪҶûʹġߴ̡ͨһȭ㲻Ҫж
ȻײʮɣҲֻǸоһնѡӵϵĳһЦҶԾȻֵͼȭҶӡ˺ܶడ
ҶҲһЦ˼һȭȭ棬ع
˼ϵЦݽӲˣ屻е壬ܵݺݵһһԶȸոһصöࡣ˺üɵƺһ
ովסǰصǰسɫ˲㼯һȭͷƲɵǿƣݺݵػء
˼󺧣һƶ㿪ǰɫȭײǣ޿ɱܣһȭӰΣԸǿصײءԭʵ壬һ嵰
䣡
˼һʯȥصײһʮ˲ܺϱĲϡصһ£֮СҡΣҶ׷¡
˼оԼؼҪѿˣһݵʱǰֳһȭӰ˿˿ţϱߵĹһ֣ȭͷֻһ˲ͣͣ翪ɽʯľ޴˺ѿռХһϢƣصײء
أ
˼ԭѾھ޴壬ͺϵĲϯһŲУһ㡣
ͣ
޴ɵһ棬˺ôһԲ٢ܹѡ¶һС˼ĺ󱳣һѩ׵ĳѾп¶˵ļͬ˹ѵĴۡ
һѪ˳µϡ
ǰأԭѾ˼弦أʱȥһͷ
Ҷ⣬ӵĿûа׷ѣ˼ҲûԼôѶԸڣԽܣȥˡٵ˼壬벻һɱ˷ôײеˣ֪жٵİס
Ҷߵ棬ͻɵ˼ĺ󱳣̧ƣΪָͨѩףҪĺģֻҪһߴ̡˼޷ʩչǿ书
ָ˼ĺ󱳵ʱһӰܳ磬Ͷĺġ
һӰԭϢģҶûп֪ǣƫƫ֪ˣͺ󱳳һ˫۾
һסǿֻһӰüͬʱּŵǱССذףػ˶Էָһ֧СָѣѪɽ
͵Ϯ߲ҽУʮԶĵطҶ


280 ɱ
ҶζƣȴһͷߣֳһüҲ֪ʲôġֱҶеһСָѪ˳ʡƺ⣬ֻǾԼ͵ϮΪʲôᱻҶʶƣͬʱ͵ϮԼ
ҶһЦ֪Ϊʲô֪Ҫ͵Ϯң԰ɣ
߿ɬصͷ˵𣿡
ԣʵܼ򵥣ĸɱˣҲߵǸ첡ǣ˼ɱģΪڴ֮ǰû뿪ҵߡԣҶ϶һа֡ע۲ʬ壬ʬǰһѪǰĲ֪࣬һ֣书Ӧò˼塣ȻѾˣ͵ϮңǾͲˡ
ߵͷǳҪˡ
Ŷô󵼷
Ϊ˵ҵָͿսʤң㣬Ҫɱ㣬׾٣
Ҷʼ磺ЩôƤ񣿴ţݸģղ˼ѾݺݵвһأѾҴ˴棬Ǵţ³ǲҲ
۾ΪǴţٺ٣ɾʹˡ
ǶԣǱȻȻ֪ˡҪ̫ɽ֮ǰ㣬ɱ㣬Ҳӵ̫ɽ̫޳ˣҲ֪ǻʲô޳ܵɣ
˵գҶһָߵȥ
һȣҲͬʱüӭ˲㼤սʮغϡ߽·硣
ҶЦ㻹ˢӣڣǲǸоѾԽԽˣǣ͸Ͻ䣡
ʵѾһ㣬ô˵ͷһݣŭĵĨ˶ҩ
ϻЩ˶Ҳ೤ۣǲԼԼⲻȥ𣿡
ֻһ˫֣ͻȻЦˣƭңϵģЩƭҵġ
ҶϵЦʧˡ
ڴ֮ǰҶԳȻҩȤó죬ҩɽ⡣ԣҶȻҪһЩһγذĨһЩϣס˶˵СΪЩǲ֪ģ֪ܲǶõİ취ҩסлˡ
ǰذ˼壬벻˼岢û鷭ûԵж֢״ԭϲҶǳʧλص͵Ϯߣ˶Է֮󣬶ԷҲûԵ֢״Ҷ̲סһ䡣ǣû뵽ֻǶ˶֣ȷҶ˵ŻԼҶǾ档
ǰ˼ҲǼս֮ųһ֢״Ķһ㣬һ㱻Ҷץסˣش˼壬ڣ߻ûг֢״ҲҪȵս֮
ҶߡûжһϻӦս˶ǷǳѸ٣ҶߵϦѾɽͣͨҾ޴Ҷһҧ˼¡
߿ûиҶӲƴƺڵȴʲô
˼壬ƺѾȥһֱûж
Ҷء
ٴбۿ̫һСѾɽͣҶһХȫǵİɫ˲ǿųһֲɱӵĹâ㼯֡һұѾ˽â֮С
Ҷ建ͣ˰գұ۵Ĺ˳һ˷㼯ȭ壬һ
߾ˣŰյҶƶܣΪֽһǯƵ޴ƶִֻСȻôѡǣһѾһϦݽҧ촽ѾѪ
ŰԽԽǿҵȭͷѾ˽ƣ߸еԼ߶Щģˣͷһݣ֪ⲻߵ⣬ǿռ䡣ǰĿռ䣬ڶԷǿֲǰŤĽ
ɣһȣȭͷ̧ڵϢ˲ȫӿ㣬ֳһɵĺɫϢܿŨīֻʣһ˫ֲ
Զľģ
ҲǶģ߲ȻһЦϺɫһֻε죬ת˲ۼȭͷϣһɫͭɢһϢ
ʱյҶȭͷѾĻ㼯ͻȻâʢž޴ĹӰ䣬ǵأصغϳͭһĺɫȭϡ
Ҷȭͷγɵ˫ȭͷӴ˲䣬ȻֹǷŵĹâҲ˲ʧͬʱߵȭͷϣеĺɫҲʧˡ
Уֻȭͷײһ𣬾ͺǶûмѣȭͷײʾףأûиĻڡ
ǣֻǶ̶̵һ˲䣬Ҷ·Ѿ˷ĩƮɢ¶ǽʵɿ״ۼи첲ǹ⡣
ͷ޷Ʈɢ졣
߿Ҷ·˷ĩǣûпҶκӦóֵ󡣾ֵ˫
ͬʱһ޿ƥеĳֱۡ
ǣ
һͷѵߵֱûκ˺ֱۣ۵ĹѾѳǧٿ顣
ڼǰۡ⡢ҼͷӦߵعǡ׵ͷ­衢ȹǡһֱƣȫĹѳָ״СƬȴһʱȥһ̲ࡣ
йٱʷĵСߺ壡
ҶһʩչһУոѧ᲻ãûвԹһΣѵʱ̣ʩչڴǰ߱һ̲ࡣ
ǣֻұ۱һûйͷߣֻǵ˼ͷѾֹͣˣΪߵұѾ类ϡһҽУѪȪһ
ϸץߵֱۣĿԹضڿеҶ
ҶЩ㵣벻ȻܶΣգҾ׳ʿĹȻߵұۣѵĽжϡ
ҲҶһиոѧᣬûҪȻ˲ܽԷȫĹȫϣԷһϱԾȡ
Ҷ㵵Ѫʪ˵һʱûлعʱϵϼ⣬ʧˡ
ã
ҶҲ룬תֵذϺͻ˼ţж˶Էļ׵ҪԷǿԴж϶Է֫񾭸Ӧ
ǣǱ쳣ذ׼ж˼ļ׵ʱ˼岻ˡذ״ɣ˵һ졣
Ҷоһԭǲϼģϼ˿̶ʧˣеɫʶѾ˺ڰףΪգѾһ㱡ĺɫϢ֡
ɢϢģ˼塣
Ưڰգǰأֻﰼţ쳣Ĺֵ
˼˫ſƺĳԴԴϵĺɫ˫ɢڿС


281 ķ
ҶܵһѹǧصĶѹϣסŵ˺üһ֣ʩչǾСߺ塱ǣ֣޷ȡҪ޷۳ҪĽɫ
ָ̧֣۾׵ָһ˵סߴ̴Ӧ˲ףɺâû˻
У˼建ڣߵʦ壬ͦס˼ٻػ껹Ҫ㡣
߽ץסԼĶϱ۴ŵģһʱˣ
˲䣬Ҷߴ̻ûдﵽҪҲֻðճ
ߴ̣
Ҷпҽһ壬Ծ𣬻Ұ׵ָе˼Ŀڡ
ǣھǰݼĿڻдʱҶ֣Ѿӵ˼£ȴûа취ǰƽ硣
˼ƽٵ˫ۣһɿɺɫ͵شܳзصײҶظϡ
Ҷ䣬ײ˵棬һû棬һεĴӡ
˼ƶ֮ϣ̽һǿĺɫγɣҶץ˳ڰС
˼˫ƺĺڶſڱѪҶ˵ɱ㣬ף𣿡
ҶڿУðѪһЦѩ׵ȫѪɽʩչǲǺɷ
˼Ʈķܺȴ翣㵽һʶңȻеɷı£һ¾Ȼûн㻯ɷĩЩҵԤϡѹôӲ
ٺ٣ɽʲôƹҲֻ̫ɽ֮ʩչóʬһ⣬ãǲҪʲôƹ갡ҶҪˣܲһκģ֪ôģҲĿˡ
ԣ˼Ļдŵ⣬˵ûҪɷͷŹƳʱΪƳ̫ˣƶɻǶǿúɷظĻǡ
ҶȻйƶһ˵һΪֻǴ˵أⶫҪôô
˼֣̯ƣһëķǳֲĳӣǹƳ棬𣿡
Ƕģ㲻ұҧһڰɣ
ᣬҪʬҸպΪʳĹƳ档书ǿˣʺϸƳˡ
Ҷһ£ûκôĻ£޷۹֪ˣΪʲôǰɱˣûκηԭɫϢƣʧȥ˷ֻ׸
ѵش˼˼ƣʮеĲҪģ㲻£
ҲҪ֪Уˣû֪ˣ˭ǵأ
˵ҲǡҶתͷ˿ŵ˼ٵʬ壬Ҳ£ɱǣժȡǵ࣬ĿľЩҩû꣬˵ûɣ
ܴܲµһ㲻ףйƶĻѾҪ޲ĻǣҪɷ˵ҩɷˣ٣ҵҶˣñʮʩܻ꣬һ죬Ҫ֮ǰɡҵҲʦίǣͶ˵ľʦ塣žʩչûꡣˣ˵Ҷˣ㻹ʲô֪ģ˵ˣͿˣʳһرɡ
Ҷһ³Ҳ£ҸղҪ̴ϵ࣬㲻ò̫ɽǰͳֹΪ࣬ûҪһ౻ƣûˣҲԶ޷꣬𣿡
˼صͷ˵ûϧ֪̫ˣҪȻǼκһ࣬öԡ
˵㿴ҶǼ΢ЦаһãʱԶһ΢˴̵
ת㿴һֱĻʫޣʱڸϵߣһУѾȫ˸ϵĺġ
˼巢һ춯صĲҽУһʫޡ
ҶҪıʱ̣֮Դ˵˴˼ǵļƻûʫġѩˣ˸ϵߣøϵĶд̴ࡣѾҶסãߵעҶϣȻ˻һ书ŮҪ飬Ҫ书
˼ʫ޵ʱҶоǽѹ͵һɣһֱŬȡؾ㼯ɹġߺ塱ȡҪҶ嶸Ȼ⣬ͬԡ
ߺ壡
Ҷ̽ĽɫȭͷһӲӵĹâƲɵƣ׷˼ȥ
ʫ޾ˣ˫˼ӰѸٱ̽ħצѾԼţһצ֮Ŀ־龰Ψһãǰһ˫Ŀϣȴ١
ǣ˼˵߻ʫ޵ԼҲܵвΪҶǽɫһȭ̺Ҷȫ˭޷ӲӣԼ򣬽ܿ
ǣ˼忴˻ʫ޵ĶѾ˸ϵ֪֮Ѿ޷أ˲˻ʫйߣȱȫԼҪתػҶһȭ
һ죬˶˳ȥ
˿̣еĺĻҲ˲ʧ
˼վԶᵹڵϵõʬ壬Ҳ޷ػ꣬ɵøεѡ쳤ХɻҪҷó
ߺԾ˼ߣ˷ɿƶܣγһǽԽԽߡҶΧ
Ҷǰ˼أ˼ȫƴһȭƸǼأ˼ĶԾѾȫѾûߵҲûٴ۳ֻǴվᶨضԻʫ޵hܣ
ʫ˹Ҫһ
Ҷоʫ޵˫һεҪ˺ܶ࣬ʵصѹظһŻ棬ؿȼա
ȻҪźҶס˻ʫ޵һۻΧ£ĺǽŵǿֲϢ·Ĺ꣬˻
Ҷ¶һĨ΢Цͷ̧ͷĻʫޣǳڴ˫³һ䣺hЯ֣
˵գסΪĺ촽

ɫĸǽǰΧ
˼Ϊŭ;Ťˡ߶źɫĴΧȥڴſĻǱʱĲңԿ֮ݡ
ɻ󼴽˵ʱͻȻм䣬ŷһɺɫγһǿס˵ɻҲ޷ǰ벽


282 
ͬʱ䰧ɻʼҵҡǰ
˼Ŀɿڴ֪ʲô顣ΪʲôҶͻʫ˫˽ӵ֮䣬ŷǹâɵĶʲô
ֻһ˲䣬ͬʱһȫĹ㼯ɻ֮ϡ
ǣǷ֣ǿĹԽԽǿĽ֮£ͬ⣬սϨ
һɸΪǿмڶ˲ɢʮɣеĿֲĺڰϢУ漴սۡ
˼塢ߺͬʩչ˶˵鶼ת
źڰϢĽ⣬Ƭ֮Ȼ
䣡
Ľɫâźڰպɢ˼塢ߡ˼ٵʬ壬ͳͳѳ飬С
գѪۺ棬ϼѤѪ

ౣౡ
ҶСѡ
ۣ㿴ԼϤķԼҡ
Լǭе˼𣿲Ǳ˼ɻΧʳôţ
ʱߴ͵͵΢΢Ťͷ㿴ŮӣڴߣԼĸ첲ͳ÷ǵվżŮҲڵĳҭţ޵滨ꡣܿϼ㡢䡢յŮرģǸŮ¥Ҳ޵ġ
ǡʲôҶʵ
ŮһӾˣﾹȻ˲ǼȵĿϲʱĲ֪룬漴ǱһӷӦ˹ͳ÷ץסҶ֣ɣ㣬ˣˣ
ҡôˣ
ҶģԼʫ޽ӵǣǰͻȻâž޴ĺը죬ʲô֪ˣѾصԼǧ֮ļ
ϲѾˡе̫ҽǲãе̫ҽ˵׼ޣˣ̫ˣ
ҡ£
ǰԴϴڻʹƻʺ󽻰Ǹ֮֮ҲûʲôףԲѡʲôģǾôжвѡǰЩӣó÷úܿϼǴݵ⣬ᣬԲѣҲϴ档
ҶԺȴһ飬һǳ飬ǾǣԼʺŮ캦֮󣬾Ե޹ʵĻǺԼίɣʫһõȥǭе飬ô£
Ҷ˲ϸþûмĳ÷ĶŮֱۣѵһˮ죬ʲô¼ţ
¶ʮһ
ҶԴǿһ£ѮʱԼȷʺｻǸ׷һ䣺֮Ҿûгȥ
ûУҡͷӻʹ˵۵úܣ˯ˣûѹһֱ졭
ҶͷëЩǡʱ䣬ûȥǭеûгأ
Ůһҡͷûаһֱڼȥ
ǣȥ˰
ӣŮ֪ʲô
÷Ҷ֣ܿϼ˵һֲ֢ǻ˯ʱԼĻķģɻ᲻
ҲΣȥʫһ𣡡Ҷˣ
ƹüǳ˵ǣƹҲˣͬһ죬Ҳһֱвѣ׻ƶѾˣҲ˺ܶҽûпáͲ֪ǲѾˡ
÷ԼѾ÷Ͻȥһ˻ƹĸϣ˵Ѿˣƹ
÷Ӧ첽ȥˡ
ҶǵĻѾĿɿڴ
Ҳ̫˰ɣôҲˣҸԼͬһ죿
ѵǰзһУֻϿһΣ
õıãǲˣҶϽ̾һǰã绨ģԵǰһ죬һȥˣȥģһӣ˵⣬Ʒɶģ
ҶѾо˺ڷ顣ѵ䵱ϵ飿ԼʫޣõõĹ꣬ȥһ˼ݣ
ǾͿԽΪʲô˼ʩչɷĹ
ҶһЩ飬õԼ˯˶̽ȻŮӶ޵øƵġ޼ɺٵҲԻǰ̽ʺҲŲ̽԰̫ҽβ˵Щ֮Ҷʹţƽ
ҶԶҶ֮󣬱оԼĻӲôţͳһȻǵ͸ǸصԲͲҲ֪ʲôõġ
ҶϸǸԲͲԲͲԭǽɫػƣ˺θһ㵭ĺɫһ͹֣˼սʱԼѾþ˽ŵʱ˽ظ֮ͻȻ⣬Ǿ춯صĺǱɥʧ˼䡣ѵ⣬ⷢ
˵ԭȵġ
ǵóǰԼǰⶫϣҲͷ˻ԼӻʹʱûаѶ˯ˣԼֻΣôԼϵģЩʣµɹһǳεĵطǶ֪δԲͲôԼĻģ
⵽һλһʵľҶ˵塣
˲ãȥʫ޼ұϢ˻ˣһ˻ģһˣȴǻʫޡ
ʫ޿Ҷϵֽٺľϲ飬Ҷµ˻ʫ޻Լһľת˵Ȼرһ£ԼлҪʫ˵ϵҵ顣֪ʫŮ٣˵ǹϵʹģȻȥˡ
ҶǳȥŻʫޡ
ʫȴһе˽Ļţصؿ
ҶСôˣ
ҡΪǽҲأ
Ϊʲôô˵
˵һ˯£ǣҵĸоôһμ˸һ;ã˼˼١û뵽ȴһ·ɱˣĿΪժȡǵ࣬˼ʵѾˡҪɱǣܣҲϣǾ͡أҺҲ㡭
ʱǲҶ§ס촽
ʫ޻һסӵƬ̣ʫͻȻʲôһˣô֪ҵΣѵ㡭
ҶһhЯ֣
ǵʱҶʫ˵һ仰ʫ޵Ȼ֪ɵôˣ˫ĿճյɣһСΣ


283 صĻ
ҶЦһһģһΣǣǸ˵һֱڻ˯ﶼûȥǣȴʵԣҲ֪ʲô
ʫĻҭţϣֻһǿԲܳأϣⲻΣһľ
ҶΣʵǿԽЯ֡
ʫ޽һϲ˵
ҪĶӽҵ
ʫһ£ŷӦظһ£ϲԽֽ§ߣ޵㡭ʲôʱý
Ҷһ£ǵԲhҵø˵ʵ֮ǰѾ極г޼ŮȻ˻ԼһȢΪޣʱ򣬿ֻΪ檣Ը𣿡
ʫͮͮģ΢΢ͷһǾ˵ˣ֪ģֻҪܸһ𣬱ΪūΪͣҲԸ⡣

գʫޱȥʹȥˣ֮ۼ뿪ؼϢӻʹȴûлؼңֱҶ
ҶҲոմӺݸӺִ֮󣬹һӷæ˺ܶࡣǣһƺоʲô飬԰ʱؼˡ
صңʫޱˡ˲ϿҶ磬Ҫ
Ҷһӻʫ˵飬Ѿ϶ʲôѰ顣ѻʫ޴ңʣôˣ
ʫ޵ˡ
ô£ҶܽϢò׸ͨߣɲٳʲô⡣
ʫ޵ˣ楲ˣúأ²ˡ
ʲôҶһ˵飬һΪԹɹ˵ΰٲңҲ֪ʷ֪ʷϵ첢ʱģʮҪΪʵۡԣڲоնѡ
ʫҡͷ֪ʲô̫ҽƹˣ˺ܶҩǾͲáԽԽأǰЩӣԲˡ˶ҪöˡʺǷǳĸˣ֣ƺء
ҶȻˣĵľ楶ȡĻʺλáҪ楲ˣͿԸǵصĻʺˡ
ֻ̫ܵˡ
ŶΪʲôѵʵҲ𣿡
ǣʫ޵ͷʵҲˣһǴӻɽͲˣͬһʱ䲡ġҲԲˡ
һ£ҶĳԾˣԹɹֻҪɹãӦû顣ǣʵûгԹʵۻ᲻ʱȥҶ֪
Ȼ˵ԼĴԽӦòƻʷ̣˭˵أһƻˣıˣ᲻ʹһοʼӸڻʵۿʼأ
Ҷô
ֹأʫأʵۺ楲ˣҲǵ֢״һԲѣ
޼ɣҶ־ϲЩǣԳ޼ɵĸܸӣһ棬λŴķѧңһ棬ֺܷİ裬ͬʱ㡷޶Ҫϣɱ޼ΪǱ⣬гȻԭ棬Ͼ޼Լδ޵үү
Ҷȥ˵
ʹʫ޲֪˿̻ʹĻʻʣΪʵۺȨƵĴ󳼺ܳ谮ͬʱԣҰȻ˻ҡ
ʱʺҲΪʲôصԭɣϣı˶ˣԴȫ
ʺּܲʹŽգ־߶Ƚ䱸κδҪ̽ӣҪʺ׼ҶưʱʺȨѾǸӵƶˣڣѾû˿ʹȨҲͲܽȥ̽ϢˡֻܰҪ̽ûʫȥ
Ҷͻʫ޷ֿܣ󣬻ʫ޸˵½
ֹ죬ʫųҶҶȥ˳޼ɵĸڣ˳ȻҲ̽˲еĳ޼ɡ
޼ѾȻԣԲȣɢһֺɫĿֲϢһȺ̫ҽڴߣ̾ȴ޲ߡ
ȻҶߣҶҽߣҲûа취
ȻʣµɹҽΰٲܾǣҶԸĶϡ
ʫ޳֮󣬻ǾֱҶϡ
ʫ޵ʺһȨʼ޼ɵˣǣ˺ܴΪڳҰҪְλ඼ǳ޼ɵ˰ѳţһ楽ʵģӵʵۺ極ġʺֻǣʵȥĻƳ͢Ȩֻ³Ҫʺ
ҶͷǵĲΣûʲôչ
ûʲôչ̫ҽ˵ʵ۵ĲأԶ極ĻҪءԣܵĻʵۻȲа
ҶЩ֣˵Ĳһôʵ۵ĻҪһЩأ
Ҳû
ҶԴȴһѵǸɹйأɹԲҪһЩǣ˲˵ɹٲΪʲô컹ѵֻһּ󣿻һı
һ뵽⣬ҶϾͷԼĹ۵㣬ôأڵĸԶԶûվȣʱװԣԼ˼Ҳȣʱ򣬻ʵۺͳ޼ɶˣȨĴʱܷŹġ
ԣ۾ǣĲĻԡѾԹɹĽìܡ
ô£ѵɹûЧ԰ԼΪ˾һɹˣȻˡѾ֤ɹõġ
ôеì֮أ
Ҷûа취ͣ˼ãûʫٻȥ۲졣
Ҷ˻ʫޣԳ͢ڵľ棬ԼǲǸÿһº·ˡ
ʱŷ˵ԳݹѡҶЩɻˣǻ˭أȥɵôϲֻſվźüˣȴԼһƾʶ椶Ŷ椣үүŴȴٳõͬ£캣
ôˣҶϲ
Ŷϲǰס֣զģϲ
ȻǣֻǾ֡
ʲôֵģŶ椽Ҷĸ첲˵ھҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬Ͷˣ
Цɣ˵Ⱑܼܸˡ
캣ǰҲǳ㣬ԣҾͶˣھǻúã˵һ仰ھı£ӦûʲôɣģǮȫ³֮л
ˣǸǻ˵ʲôллģҸŵĲ£׵顣ĺˣλھӦûԼסɣס
캣ȻڴӦ


284 ƶ
ŴȴЦЦҴŮˣһݰӵֵܣھģʹˣҪعլԺֲԸ˵飬ãǼ㣬Ҿ͸ֵ˵ˣҰլԺܸ˵ĴӦˣ˵ʱǸҼ棬ҰլԺԼļҾˡԣסģ㲻õġ
°ס£ҶھһҺ¥ͣλΪжŶ椣캣Ҳûни輧;ٱ
һ٣һֱԵҹɢϯ
ĴӾ¥¥յſڣһƵϵϵǱӣţ˵ˣҲǽлӣҲǻԵģ˵ġ
ˣ˭
ϵҶǴ¥ߣһָҶִ£
ҶѾȵÿ˶̫ˣϵһڰԼݽ˳Ӧˣǰ۾˶ԷôЩ죬һʱ벻
ϵһƿƣ󲽹յҶĶߣִ£ɹӦҵˡҿü֮䣬Ѿ˺ˣùҲɢ󣬵ǣܷɢаѹаҪΪˡ˵˳̵ġ
һ⻰ҶˣݵʱָԼȥѰɹת˵Ǹˣ
Ҷ˵һļ򣺡㰡ô˾ˣôӣ
˿ЦҡͷΪ㣡
˻Ӻν𣿡
ʱΪĽҲһ֣Ը˵ˣ벻ĽȴǶǲģָƽ˽٣Ǿй¶ˣԣֻƵؽҪܴ˽ҵ٣˵ⲻΪΪ˭
ҶΪжļģˣΪҲŻһúչģһȥԺסҼҺˡ
ҡͷУҵĽѾעҪһؼңǾˡҵлٵġ㣬Ϊ˵˵Ҿߡ
Ǻã¥˵ҶǰѶŶүȥ캣ֵܣȻȥҵȻԼ
캣ǲУֵܳ棬һһߵģߵĵȥ˵ϵǡ
ҲãҶ¥ص
Сûʰ£˿ӺüûгԱƵģҲҶ룬Լ£һͨĺԺò׳ԱˣŴһãһһ߶Ҷ㣬ΪѾӦүҪˡȻԼΪ˳̲Ѹģû뵽١԰ҸӡȻѾӦ˰ˣҾһҪ˾ӦһҪ
лˣҶԵĸлҾһ
ִһãϸ۲һҶɫСĵĥһᣬ٣ǺյģѾɹԽѾǣûаɹĹʳԵһβ͡
ʣҶһû˵ҪԹʵİ
ɹһӣȻɹǾûһطûõģãֻͬĵطвͬôҲ͹ʵôֻǸɹһѡ
Ŷôôأ
ɹĹ⣬٣ɽ֣ٲٶ֡ʣ˰ʵЩ֮⣬һֶصãǾǣһҩʲôֻ֢Ҫû»һһ£ܺܿ쿵
ҶŶһǼԵĹʣɹϵĵʱӵˣɹѾһƬ𺣣ɽûˣҲҲʣµĸǸ֪ĹˣԼʱڼѹŪ͸Եģʵʱַɹİ
ҶһĻһɹ԰ٲ֣ɹģôᲡأҶʵˣɹǰٲٶ𣿡
ǵȻɫǡ
ʲô
Ĺƶ
Ҷһƶ
ǣɫأƶǶҲǲʵһֳӣֳӽ˵壬¹Ƶ˵Ըֵı仯˹ƶҪôҪô쳣ʹ࣬Ҫô¹ƵҶָ֣ö١رĹƶޱȣֶҩΣ¹ƵҲнҩܽƶģֻһ֣ǾɹĹʣ
ҶʣˣȷǷƶأ
ð죡ҲΪʲôҪ֪ҽһַѨһĹƶڶгεĶ䶯Ƴ棬̫Ѩǿҵĳ䶯ԵҿԽȷϡ
лˡ
£ҶεѨƳ档ĩֲһ䣺ʰڼӲĹҲζڡζǼҲ˵ֻҪһ򿪣¶ڿУζ˲ʧҲûЧˡ
Ǹôԣ
ܼ򵥣ѹһҧ֮󣬰ѹ£ʿ³ˡ
ˡҶղ˵ĻеĹƶĺһʣ˹ƶˣ᲻һֱԲѣ
Ȼˣ¹ƵڹƳϼӳֵԹǻԣȻԷͻԣʲôҩġ
ҶԼǶ˼ݵľ˵ΣǸһУ˼˵˼ΪƳ˹ƶģѵ˼ƣ¸˻ʵۡ楺ͳ޼
ΪʲôҪ¹ƶǳ޼ɵΪʲô޼ɶһ
Ҷ벻ͨȻҪȷǣǲ˹ƶ
ֵˣҸø˵ĶѾ˵ˣΪ˸Щһʮؤ֮࣬Ϊ֮˵գתߡ
ҶҪͣͻȻתһţһ˸㣬ɹɶ֮⣬һҪĹûи㡣
˵
Цɹһֳҩ
ҩ
ǰֻҪ㽫һɹ׿ڽι͵ԷͻһƬʯô鲻ơ
ŶҶͷһʲôѾƮȻȥ
һ̸֮ҶѾһˣĥƬ̣¥Լǰ
캣˼ЦǺǶҶ磬˵ˣɫ磬ղ˶಻˵ߣֵҸطԻȥ˵ĸ輧µһġ
Ҷһ£Ͳȥˡ
£캣ҲǺˣҲܺϲʣȥ죡飬ȥԻƣǲ飡
ҶͷҲã߰ɣ
ҶԸʽȥฮڣ


285 Ҫծ
캣һʱŵһ£ȥȥң
ôˣҶ
캣ҲǴ˼ҵӵܣģֻûм࣬ںȾˣν׳˵һظôµģֲϻ˵ˣǻд𣿡
ҶЦˣҲˣȥ̽һ¡
ŶӦõģ
˳˳ȵһƷ̣һЩƷ˳޼ɵĸۡ
޼ɻԲѣĶʮӺŮڴߣаȻ͸糤ӡ
Ҷ캣լߣΪǳ޼Ƽģֶ֪޼⽫ΪŮС㳤Ȼжӣڳ︮ڲҪͨԾֱ
լ£վŲٵĳ޼ɵĸֻ˿̵ǣѾ޼ɲʱֳҪֻ࣬Ϊ̫ҽˣĲѾҩɾȣԣҲͿʼĥһôˣǸһµĴ
Ҷǽȸֳĳ޼ɵĳӳʩ
ǳӺͳȻĸףٰࡣ˵ҶˣֻǱǿһ˵ʵܲϲҶر֪׳޼ĽŮȻ޸Ҷ֮͸ջҶҶһ鲼£ֻССִ£ԼŮֻǰ׳޼ڣҲû˵ʸҲҹȻԣڣѾԲѶգΪӣȫȻҲ˷ȨŸ׳޼ɻԵʱ̣λ³˽ᣬ췹ʱ㸸ѹҪԣҲԲˡ
ǰҶ嶼ǺܿģһΣҶûгӭֻǺ䵭ϣſڡ
ֵܽȻҲûˡ
˽ɷҲǻ£òףڿɷƣµɷ˼϶Գ޼ɵĶŮǵģ⣬ȢȻֱǳ룡
޼ɵʮӻʮ˸Ů㸽
Ȼţһһġ
ȻĸŮȻ֣ŮģүүһʱͿǲ޸ܿġ
ȻԼ֣ȻΣҵ鲻Ҫܣ
еŮ˶ȰȻҪ£е˶ſڣ͵Ҷĭ
Ҷ캣ţһƣ֪ͷһ۳ȻģԼܱ飬˼ס
ҶԳ幰ֵˣ뵽߿Ĳ飬֪ɷ񣿡
ûȳش𣬳ѾʲôҪүү㻹һԼɣ㲻ִ£̫Լһ£
캣һҶʱðҲܶԷʲôˣžƾָųӵιʲôҴ硭
֣㲻Ҫ˵Ҷһѽ캣Ҫ캣ҳӡ
캣ֻվһߡ
һԵĳȻɵ裬Ȼӣ磡ôô˵үүأүүûвʱҪүү˵Ҳûκģ
˿ԣУԲģȥϣ
磡ȻţǺΪʲô糤Ӵɹ˵ĹƧ壬˵ҲûĶš
ӼҶûжָ̧ɫǵô㲻ߣҪҹȥ𣿡
ӵĸ׳üǳӶִ̽үүˡ
ҪֻṴŮ˵ɫǣñ˼˻飬ǳʧø棡
Ȼߣ֪˵Ů˾Լŭ磡㲻˵
ž
һԵĳָ̧ŮȻһǶ⡣Ŀֳ
Ȼ벻һԼȰмӵĸףȻᵱ˵ԼһǶ⡣书Ҫ书ĳһǶףǣһ̫ͻȻˣѹûԤϵ㱻һˡ۵͹ֳһָӡ
ȻӣŸף۵һ˳ת˳ȥ
ǿصغһ֪ܵĶ
ҶϵЦʧˣ룬ŮŮܲμӺ飬ǽֻ¾͸öԼˡ
޼ɵĶӳ磬ȻҲЩ󻰣һССִ¹һҲߣֳֵûǸýѵѵ
޼ɵĵʮҲСĶӳ͸Ȼ࣬ȻȻֶΪ´Сһ𳤴󣬸ȴһϵܣȻֶӴûйֳӣȴҶϣԴ֪ԼһֶŮȻҪ޸һҶССִ£һӵĻ˿̣ȻΪҶǻŭ𶼷ҶϣˣϷС޳֮ͽ
ʹҪ֣ȴһ֣
ʹվסˡ
תͷҶһЦֵܣ֪СŮлԼǣҲ֪СŮԭѾ˼ңȻ˻ˣǣǳѾҲѡֵܶСŮĺ񰮣ֻܱʾǸԣֵԸ˻飬Ҳûж飬ֵԸСŮĻԼòˡ
ҶһЦ˿̲أǻǲ̸飬үӿ˵Ҳ١
Ҹ׺ɰ㣿룡ǳǲ˼ҵģȻǲ޸ġʶľ͸Ͻŭȵ
ûкǳ⣬ֻҶ
һ̬ȣһׯںȢС㣡Ϊ˭˼ΪǼҵĸ֦Ƥȳǽתǻʵأ
ǰҶǰָŭȵģûУôôҪȥ
캣̲סˣιҾ㣡˵ҿɲˣ˵գȥĳӵ֡
ЦֻҪ캣֣캣۵
ֱۼһʱ򣬳ӵֱȴҶһץоˣѣһصϢҶƴ룬ȫ͹ｽһưˮƵģʱʹǰðģȴôҶĿơ
Ҷſ˳ӵֱۣһۣ˵ʵҽ֮̽⣬ǼˡǵĴүǷҵľծү׼ûҵծ𣿡
仰ʱһӵ˶ˡ


286 º
ӰӻԵģǣһҶ⻰ףʲôƨʲôʱǷծóҵĳǷծ
Ҷ˹ӻȡųɹдµǷɹĺϣΪҾȹõԸŮʮòõŮͭǮʮлңдǷҾǵص֮ȴûƵģʣֻԼҪˡ˵գơ
ҵĶſܵµ̬ȣҶе׵ģǰ︮ۡЩ˵ƤЦⲻЦ̬ȱԸ֪ԣ׼һֱŽϡ˿̣Ȼô
һԭΪŭǺʱɷףѾ£˿̱Ҷ϶ʱһһģָ̇ҶһұѾһľٲˡֻܵ˫ۣͣȷʵûа취͡
һŶӳӣô£
֮Σдģ
֮ΣҶЦѵ˵ֵʮͭǮͶʮŮ
Ǹʱ㣬ֻǲǳ֮Σʲô
ҶֵܣĲˣһʤ߼ô֮ܳΣȱдǷծأɣӽһῼǸһЩǮʾлģԲôࡣӻһҲˡΣ
ҶܣЩ˻ĶԼ㵭Ҳأ
ҲЦˣ˵һˣ׳еֳֹҶ캣Χм䡣
֮ΣҶŮдǷνĻԼҲдµġȻһ·Ƿдһֽ˻飬Ҳ˺ֻܽץ͹ٸһǿƻޣթǮƵ
ҶҲЦˣ벻үӲˣЩڹ˵ðˣðҪǷðɣ
ɫһһ֣ˣ
ʮ׳һѷΪ׵һδ󺺣һȭͷҶţҪһòʡҶ̧һȭԣһȭжԷȭ档
δһѳأҽһɳȥбѪ磬صˤ˵ϣȥײ˺üҵˡ
һ׳һɨҶһץסСȣ˱ޣɨȥгļҶײǹǶϽۣ׷׵ء
ҶֻУ㽫ʮ׳һ롣ʣµļŵͷѪֽŶѲҽͬʱɵˡˡ
Ҷ֣ǷųЦǿӲˣúˡ
벻ҶŵɫҰף˺ü
죡ȥ٣
ȥɣҶЦǿʲô壡ʲôǷծʲôˣ
վסæֹҪùٸ
ҶϽվסˡ
Ҷȴߵ˴ߣͷһ۴ֱͦͦŵĳ޼ɣ̧֣һָ˵ǸѨ
˳޼ɵ̫ѨгһĶ䶯Ȼ޼˹ƶ
ʱͷˣԼĶӳӵʹһһϵɫ
ѧ˲٣ĶһЩȭţ书ߵģ˳ӺͳȻ֮⣬г޼ɵĶӳ߶ӳﾻʮӳ
ղҶûʩչ񹦣ûжҲͨȥͨĽʦм䣬֪Ҷ书ҲԼһЩѣûмʶҶֶΣΪƾ˶࣬Ӧÿ£СģЩֶΣһϣȷֽţգ͹٣
캣ȻģƣһΪ壬˴ܣԲȺŹղŶԷΧʽ׼ģû뵽ҶӱһƬûиʲôᡣɵ־ϲ磬벻书ô
䣬һΧ£һΣ캣ԷĶ֪湦򣬼磬ǿӲ򵥰ô죿
Ҷļ򣺡վſϷɣ
Ҷٸĥ䣬һʱܣİɫ˿˿ӿ壬һ㱼Ϣ漴帡ֳһ㵭İ׹⣬˲γһɫ׷֣Ҳһɫ֮С
ָѾ˾Ө͸ָһһ߶೤ĺâһεıӡ
ۿҶۣʱ䣬е˶ɵˣȭͷ֪ǰ˻
Ҷһȣֱۺɨһâʱһɣ糤͵س
žžžž
һı죬ӵ˲ҽŵɳȥбѪɽһѪ꣬ţһصʮ֮⣬ײ˺Щˡ
ǼâɨеĲλѿһӣһƵģѪðܿѪˡ
ѪȿֲһĻŵЩŮǾУԴڵϣҲӳȥ
Ҳⳡŵȫ£벻ҶֻһУһֱ书ֵļˣǴˡţҶѾˣҪȻֱӻ⼸ˣҲûʲô⡣
캣ˣ֮ǰѾ֪ǵȨƵ೤޼ɵĸڣЩȻǳǶҶﲻƣ캣Ȼߣȴô벻ֽ˴ӡԣһʱ֮侪ˡ
ڴ֮ǰҶܻᶯ֣ǾԲ֣ǣ鿴˳޼ɵĲ飬ȷȻ˹ƶ֮µľ޼еǹƶ˵ƶûнҩģɹĹʡڣҵĹʣֻĸһһԼûгԣҲԼ˵޼ɲлõʣĹƶҲ޷ȡ
Ȼ޼ɵԼвõѹԼڣҪģǰȡȨӵ֮ԼԵĵλʱ򣬱Ըˡ
ˣҶٲ顣ûɱˣΪɱ˵ʱ֦
ҶЩϲҽеĳӵ˲мһˣһ־ŽݣЦ塣
ŵɫ԰ףˣһֱ˵ǽߣûеطˣŵֵܣϢŭϢŭ
ҶһѲסĲӣѹǽϣ
۷ףų鴤ͷˡ
ҶǷ͵ǰծǻǲ
ͷӱסԴ̶ͷ򵥵Ķˡ
ķ˸ϽŹ£ֵܣүǻһ


287 
Ҷϣס˳°ͣ˵ˡҶھͻžҪծģᣬӶʮŮҪһòһһУ
崭Ϣ˼úã죡ȥʷǮȫеŮүѡүϢŭҸҲʣ͸׼
Ҷһ֣ڵϣź괭
Ҷһץסĺ죬ᵽУڵϣһŲסõҪʣ
һ׶һӵû˸ģ캣һ齹Ҷ¡
ҶýŲų壬˹ɨһ۵ϼߣҪǻǣǾˣ
ЩѪߵ檶ŮʱŸŰмƱȽصѾˡָϽæҵøϵȡ
޼ɹΪ࣬Ҳķᣬǣǿ൱һڣҪǮǮ˼ңһҲżֵһڵǮͶðҵԣ޼ɼȻǮȴҲһòôǮ
еǮҲٵģһû䡣ҶھôǮܲܿһЩʱգǱٻǮأ
УҶҪҸոսʱǺú˵ǻе˺Ҫ˻飬˵ҳ֮ΣҪǵ򣬼Ȼǲ棬ҲġǮûǮΡɶĶԡѾӿˡ㣬ӿûĵȡ
캣ۿԼռϷ磬ʱľָֻŵŴߴٿǮ
ҶĽŵµĳϽЩȥ׼ķ˿ԣĵѾȥŮȻϣԲⳡΣ˼ѾȥңȴûҵȻ֪֮ǰܳ˸ۡҲ֪ȥˡ
ķ˺ǰûڣûа취
ȵַҶ캣ȥ鿴ЩֵǮ
ɱ캣ı£ҾģղЩ˳ˣʹѹۣԭֵǮĽ˵һǮֵֻߣҲ̫ɱۣЩʫԺܵ͵ı۳ծˣȴǲ˺üۼ۳֣ǿֵ
ǶʮŮѡ캣֪Ҷ⣬ȻǹѡԭЩѾҲȲϳȻòȴҲһǴЩɫģ캣ֱĸҹĸŶĵˣȫеѾ߶ѡһ飬ûѡһġ
ҶĿ˳ҵЩСϱǣŵһͷҶЦſµĳ壬ýż⽫ʣʮŮô죿˵ˣҪȵò
ȥңȥңүһ޵ʱ䡣
аҲ̫֣ɣ죬ʱ䣡ҿɰѻ˵Ⱥڵ۾ѩģҪûȵòҿɲգ
ǣæͷ
£ҶʮװŵļֵһԪҵĽƱɳ˻ͣƺƵŻؼҡһ£˵ľˣ֪ʲô顣
ҶģѾҹʹѾգȥڻʹʺһִƣû⳼ڣοҶ⳼ǣֻһССִ¡ֻеȴȴʫ޳
ûиҰҶôΪ޼ɲܳʱˣ̫ҽѾΣĻʻʣڹûпΪͷģҶı֪ͻʵü޸ʱ˭泤ҳͷؼģҶ¶˾׵书ɱϵĺݾѳסˡνӲģӲģ㶵²ҪġǿɲҶ
ڶ磬ʫڳˣǾֱҶۡ
һ棬ʫޱ˷ܵص˵ȥﳤ޼ɵĸҪծֳ︮ǲˣ𣿡
ȶ֣ǷծҪҡҲŶֵġ
ǰǶ˵ɴû˸ôڳҶֵģǵһ˵ⳤ޼Ϊ̫Եܶ˶ϲ˵ֳ޼ɵĸۡúܽȻҲ˵ⳤ޼һˣֻ²Ź㣡
ҶЦЦҲòаӣⲡֻºòˣ
ʫ޵ǰ̫ҽָʵۺˣаɫûУ˽¶˵ûˡֻ³Ҳһ
Ҷʹȥ̽楣ܰ취ȥ𣿡
ʫΪѵҡҡͷֻǸŮ٣Ȩ˽ʹڽʹʺּܲκ˶ܽʹԺġ
Ҷͷ֪ʫ˵ʵ
ڣ뾡죬ֻѹԼĿɽҪȻ鷳ġҪ;ܽȥǿֻǱˡ
ʫ˵һỰˡ
ҶڵڣǱʹǣóҹмȻǰ̹һǽʹʹԺƣֻǽȥ׳ѡ
Ҷ׼ҹװʱŷͻȻ˵
ôˣ
ҶϽӭӳȥＸŽģҶһ˽Ļصؿ
ôˣʲôˣ
ʺ󡭡Ҫɱҽ㡭
ҶһΪʲô
˵ǹʦ˵ģ˵ҽѾˣаᴫȾģڹҲͳʹȥϻ𻯡˵Ҫҽ㡣ҪҼ޵Įȥף
Ҷŭܲҽʹȥ㣬취ܲκĲ
κýĲ
ƶѧһְ취Կ
ϲԶԣʦҲô˵ģ˵ҽͻʵۡ޼ɶƶҽΣ̫ˣϸһع
еƶ飬ڻʹľܣ˸֪ȻҶһ˵ԣĴæĴߴԼʹβ
£ҶȡöʣһɹػʹȻѻʵ۵Сãܻʵ۳谮ӵõ˳ؽ˻ʹ޹
쾲ڽ֮ϣˬĿգ˯ŵƵġΪԹҶɹȻܷƶǼĿԱȳ޼Ҫǿܶ࣬ԣľȻҲͱȳ޼Ҫúܶ࣬Ҳͬǳ˯ѡ
Ҷ׼һҪβ˴ţҲܽ𣿡
ͷãģԴſš
ܿˣ˴ߡţ˳ȥ޹Źϡ
ټ޹ֻʣҶ;ڴϵ졣


288 ͵컻
ҶߵԱߣŻԲѵ죬òĶׯӺݻ󣬼˯ˣҲˡ˲ȻĶ
ȡһССĹʣﷴš˵ӲĹʣǼܱ¶ڿУԵֻһ취
ҶȡʷŽԼ촽һ£Ӳ྿ԥסĺ촽
ȻԲѣǺ촽ôҶͷһ£סˣεס촽֮Сĵͷ죬Сɵȸࡣ
ҶƷһִ㣬ŨƻҪҲ֪࣬ԼǸʡ
Ҷס죬ſʧЧóɹһڣãͽ
ɹ죬Զȥ
Ҷϲֽҧɹι͡Եһʱоĺ촽Ѿ˷Ӧʼ˱Լ졣Ҷӿ͵ٶȣһɹʱѾ̰ӵšһ˫裬ѹԼϡ


ҶĻɣʲô飿
Ҷʵۺ㻹г඼˹ƶƫ֪ξΣҾð㣬ǣ벻ǻᡭ
رסĲ˵ʵǰֻ㣬ǣ֪ôģһҸоҵΪ㣬ҿԸһУ
Ҷϲ˵ĵʵȻϵԼڣʺҪ㣬Ҫ޵ȥסҪȡ
Ŷô£
Ҷ龭˵ˡ
Ƭ̧̣ͷǼ㣬Ҷ֣
Ҷ֪ҪԼȥһ޹
ͬԲѵĸڻʵۡһ˶ûУȫȥˡ
ͷһҶһЦǰһ˫һס˸ڻʵ۵Ĳӣս
ҶˣڻʵۿˣڣɱԼˣǺô죿
Բѵĸڻʵۣ£ûκηҲûκηӦȥˡ
˸ڻʵۣ쳤һת˽ҶĻĲڿʼǸڻʵۣ
ңҶٰʵۣɿЦһ㶼񰡡
ͷģңһǾθ߰ݸֻ࣬Ҫûϳ£ңֻ˭أ
˵Ҳǣô죿
˵һأ˭ܼǵԭ
ţҶһ۴ϵƸڵʬ壬ѾǼϣòˡ
ģһңһЦּϵʺΪʺʣµ飬ͽҰˡ
ҶȻһٸģʲôʲô㲻ģ
ҪʺȻѾּܲң˵Ѿ׼һ׼ûСԣʤȿסˣľͺðˡ
ôƣ
˻֪Ѿѣһҽװװʵۣ֮ʺͿԿˡ
ãҶָŴϵƸڵʬ壬ô죿
ģȥýн
ã
Ҷų㿴һվͷһϲӣɣôˣҽ𣿡
˵ñ˽
ϽӦߵţţ˭׼
˵գѷŹϣ˼㿴Ͽյģʱһҽأ
ʺת΢Цſ
ﰡĽһĳ˹ȥס˽죺㣡ˣȻˣ
ǣ찮ظĳ
ϲתӯӯҶб£
Ҷڲ˵Щʱ˵дҪ죡
˵֣أϽĨһᣬ졣
ʺҪԸңǱΪǿȥ佧鰲ͬʱ˰֪ͨξڡʷʷةԬ褡帮ǽʹȺʥϵּ⡣Ȼүӽ˵ʥлԸ
ﾪϲʥҲ𣿡
ûô죬˵ˣܿѡ
˵Ҷʱ򣬻ᣬɵЩ⣬漴תһ룬϶ΪҶĴм˵Ҳʹζûжġתȥˡ
ţöҶ취ٵʥϵݣŵ䲻ҪȻ佧ʬ塣
ҶЦЦס
첽ߵߣȽƸ̧ӣڵϣȻȭͷž£Ƹڵһϡ
Ҷصݡ
Ƭ̣佧ˣڴϣ־ϲˣ
ţ佧ߵߣСԴڣʺҪңҪңԸǣ𣿡
佧Ҳ˵ʺҪ飬ǳãѹڿ쾹Ȼˣϲ콵ô˵һӺŲȻ֣صصͷ˭Ҫ˺㣬Ҿɱ
ãǽͷˡһЦָŵϵƸڵʬ壬һɱ֣Ǳɱ㣬˻ˣڣҲʬ壬һٵʧ𣿡
û⣡佧ͷߵʬߣ̧֣һɰɫСϣʱıƣһЩɫŨˡ
佧ıǰһ£ϵʬ˱ٴδ߶ǱѸٱ˰ɫɹѣ֩һ㡣ţ佧ǰݺһ棬һĴ죬ټһʬ壬ĴָСı飬ɢһءǰҲȣЩӶ˷ĩ
佧ùɨĩɨ˴һˡ
һƵĻʵۣȻ˻ʡ
صͷȥţȻһ齻졣
佧ȥ֮´ݣҶڣҰװʥϡ
£ѹƸڵ·ҶϣȻݡֶλ治Ǹǵģһλױ֮󣬶ģͭһȻ߰˷ƣƸѾһˣ֮ӿ϶ᷢ仯⵽Ҳ⡣ؼǰ뷨˵ȹһأʱ˭ҲҲ벻Ļʵ۵ĿôˡֻҪûдĳ룬һ㲻˻ɡ


289 
װϣҶϴбڴϡ
콫һ϶˽Ȼ帮֮˵ʵѾѣҪʺּ𣿡
ͷӦ
ڣȥн
ܿ죬һۿڴߣɵþϲӣæǰʩ񣺡ˣ̫ҽأϳȥ̫ҽ
Ȳżл㡣
ǣ

ݣÿʣ¶бŵҶٰƸڡ
ӣǴϲˣʥϣ㡭ˡ
Ҷѵصͷƣӣ۾
ʥϣϳȥ̫ҽɣ
Ҷʶڰ֡
΢΢ЩõӺܲԵزһ£ɨҶǼѾ֣תͷ졣
¶ɫҲ֪ʺҺʥϻЩһЩʲô治飬ԣʥ֮󣬷ǳѾķϵʺΪʺڣʺĵ𲻷ңԣʥҪ㾡ı
ġһ£ıֺؿҶһۣͷ
ôˣүӣ
תܽһ˵𣿡
ֵؿһۣͷͷǰߡ
ո߳ţͻȻתҽڵ͵һǣѾһӰȥϵҶУѾһӥצһŨҵɫâָ³ָⳤ˳ɫУץҶʺ
һ̫ͻȻˣְ㷴Ӧٶ֮죬գ۶һץѾҶš
˵ҶûпܱܿһʵϣҲûжܡֻǼ򵥵ٴ̧֣ӭһץһơ
һƲɱﵡйٱʷҲѩȭκνеóֵƷôһ
ͬģһĶɫĴϢֱұ۰ɨ
漴ұ۴ļ򴦶ѣϢ࣬ϿڣûһѪֻһɹɵĺڰϢ
صˤ˴ϣŵҶѾǽڣϥ
ʧȥ˫۵ҲͬʱʧȥսŤͷҶضţ㡭ôɷ
֮ǰã˽֣ҰܣֱӴ˹ȥʱʩչľѩȭʥǿѧйٱʡǣǱȽɵػˡ벻һΣҲһУȴҶҸңʧȥ˫ۡ
ֻΪҶʩչ˿ֲġɷ
ֹ˵ǼߣֻΪҪ˵ĸǣֻзҪĸǣи衣۸ǲܴڷƣҶйٱʵķܵ
ҶһöɹѩѨӶ߱˷ɷı£漴Ҷ֣ȻҲʩչɷȴԭԽ֮ʹĸǷ췭ظı仯Ѿﵽֹĵز
ֹҪֻҪĸǹԶʩչ൱ĺڷơҶһ㣬أͻȻʹϵ˫ۡ
֪ʱŷѾֵ֣ʱ򣬽Ѿˡæܹ˫۶ѣٰʵ۵ҶȻųһ
ҶҲһô֪Ǽðģ
һصղҿָһϢת֪йٱʵϢֻŻᣬʵ۲ܻᡣô֪Ҫ͵Ϯ㣿
㿴һϸؿңٺ٣Ҫ֪ûĸĻҪϸۿʵ۵ģ˻ʵۺܶԣһڻҡ׼Ҳ˲ˣȻ书ųµһǣֻ书书ǶԸ˺ɷģᣬҺԥһжԸ㣬ȻЧ
ʥϡ
ҶֵؿãҶѾʵۻܻ𡭡
˵һľУͬʱշ˫ڿн棬Ȼ򴲱ߵĲԣ֪˿̲ҶĶ֣Ҫס죬Ҷͷ
һҶ㶯ˣҼͬʱơұһƣ˫ȣһƣȥԴ
ûֽźԴʬ壬ˤǰŵһУŵ˺ü
ʱ۵һһǿײѾһڵߣ˫۵Բˣɿһ۵ϵɷǿŶͷ­ٿᵹڴϵģץס죬Ծ
Ҷû׷ΪѾ˴׷佧
佧챻ץ˵˫ƣһɫƥһǰɫ
֪Ȼ佧ǣﻹһ֣˲Լų书µһɷ˿ͣҲ֪޷ߣϣ죬˫һţһ򷿶ǣѡˣΪҶѾͷһɫ޷佧˫׷ϣʱһ񣬵һء
佧סŵûʧɫ죺㣬û°ɣΪʲôҪץ㣿
촭һ֪ΪиɱХ죬ԼߣЮ֣佧ôΪòǿԵףղҿңȻҾͱ°ˡ
ģ㣬ڣûܶ㣡
Ǿͺãţʱҡ
ã
佧ȥ֮ŻصݣҶϰ취¿㶼ˣ佧
ܿ죬佧ʬ廯һѻʡ
װŷѾѣ̫ҽ󳼣ʺ
̫ҽǶԺŵģǰȥŴһХܽȥ˲ܳžܵûӰˡЩ̫ҽ֪ʲô顣
һᣬﾪϲܳ˵ʵۺѹˡԺŵ̫ҽһϲӣų˽ȥȻͻʵ۶ŸԵϡ̫ҽǸϽֱȥ죬ط֣˶ѾȫûƵġֻǿ鼫Ϊƣ
ʱ󹬵Ⱥˡ
ţʺ󣬴̫ࡢŮɴ˻ʵ۵޹
ʺûнʹһӣʵ޹Χ
վ£ʿ޹Χˣ־ŭָʺ췴
ʺŸղ˵ɷﱻ˰ɱһǵˣЮ˻ʵۣˣɱȥץס̿ͣǧ˻ʵۣ


290 
ʺɷ˵ɱ룬ýҲҪǳ⣬Ѿ˳ʺд̻ʵۣ죡ݣ
佧Сһ֣ǿƥɨȥʮҪôɱҪôȫɫ֩Ķʬ
ʺŵˣʦڣ
һϵȫһɫϢǺڻɫģǹʦˡ
ʦ˵ǰ佧һƣһƣһɹĺɫһȳ佧
佧֪۵ͯһ߳ҲơӭǺɫȥ
ײһʱ佧ıƣȻ˿˲ʧӰˡʦǹɿֲĺڷƣת۱鵽佧ǰ
佧ˣѾܣһڷУҷ
ʱһִֻ̽ȡ˿һ㣬ǺڷƵĺɫϢϤġ
ʦ󺧣̧ͷȥ㿴һˣһ£վ佧˫ƽУۿ
佧֪λʲôʱԼģϲŤͷ
ˣȻҶ
ʦǺˣΪλɷ
Ҷû˵ѾƯƵ˰գʱ˷Ľɫ˿˿ش壬˽Ӳӵģâ䡣
ʦĿɿڴǡйٱʵġߺ塭
û˻ش𣬳ڰҹѾֽɫĹâ
佧ҲˣǣԼѾˣƺһεѹεؿ˵ϡ佧ѧƣΪԼ书Ѿ޵ˣ͵ҳ˺ķǸ벻ˣʩչһУǲĿֲ
ʦҲܵһֳѹĿֲһˣǳļѣߣǣûа취ѹĿơ
һţʳָ£ᷨӡ˵һһںѪڵϣڵһ£ǺѪһɿֲĺɫϢ֡
УɫѾҶģƳȭȭͷ˽Ӳӵİ鳣죬˺ѿռĿֲϢǧ֮ƣʦ
ͬʱʦҲˣ˫ȭɺڰţҲӭҶƣ˳ȥ
꣡
ûоҵıըֻһֺǳȵͶˮзʧȴʦɺڰţҶ˸Žɫ˫ȭ񣬺ϰػʦš
أ
һƺߣʦȫĹ˲˷ĩȫļ壬ʧȥ֧ţһ̲⡣
֮ǰ۾ܿôһᣬߵʺ󣬻̫ࡢŮͳͳǽɫУֽĲ֫ϱۣɵ˽Ӳӵգ󣬲֫ϱһ£в٣һ̲ϣ˵ϵĴֱЬЬӿȣҲӡ
쿴ʺҶֲһȭҲ֧ݺһĭˣ
Ҷ£ܣ»ָ˺ڰ
ûһô죬м̫æʬŵþС
ʣ𣿡
һ̫æǰλѾõʺּܲˣڹȺ򡣡
һתԸ帮ȴ󳼷ŽЩˣʵεģˡ̫౾ʺģûпֻһصʬŻˣҶʣæӦ
첻ģԼļŮȥּ
佧վߣܵһС
һᣬͿ˳߹Ҷһһݣã˴бף췴
ȴȻһЦڣʲô£
ת˲֮䣬ıʿֱֳУʹΧס
帮ŵȷˣֻǱѺѺǵģǳ޼ɵĶӳʮӻгӵӡȴûпȻ
˳֮⣬ˣ˰أһǸʹĻʳǹ˾ͽһȴǵλڳ޼ɵá
һãҶ˺ܶࡣ࣬ԭ㰡Ů˼ٸʵۺ¹ƣӦþ˼ɣԭз⣬µͷŹһ𣬹ͬµİɣҪȻҲŮ¹Ƹ޼ˡ
óһۿҶ֪ͦ
Ҷ뵽ǸΣǸһΣǸ֪Щ֪νͣϣԭкܶ޷͵ġ
ģʲôڣ
ҶӣְΧʵ޹־ǧˣɱôһʱɱ꣬
ҶһӾͶˣһ㵽˻ʳǹ˾ͽǰ̧ȥץĲӡ˾ͽȣһȭһȭ֮ҶУҲèץࡣˣ̽ץ˾ͽĲӡ
ͻȻһִֻӰ̽סҶƣһɻӿҶײõɳȥ
ڿУҶһпˣǺķУʦܺϦ
书࣬ǳһĸ֣ԸһҶ书֣û⣬ͬʱԸͲǶˣԱõɳȥ
Ҷܺڣд󣬸ղҪϺɷԿ˾ǶԷ
ֻʱ⣬ˡ
ǣ佧ûиֵĻᣬ˳ˣ۾Ѿˣںķе󣬻һˣǸ˽ɽ塣
佧˳УҶǰָķкãɱɱ֮𣬸ñˣ
ķвʶ佧ô˵ۿ˿СޣҸг𣿡
佧ЦЦȫȻûһֻۣͯ˿ֲԹúķо
ǣľûгã佧ͻȻ˫ֲƥ
˱Ƶ̧֣Ѹٳһסַ书µһҲ޷һƹƣοֻǳѧֵ佧
ʱķиоһϮ壬ɵôһսͬʱܣһ㵭ĺڰϢϢһζ
ɷ
ķлɢڰϢǸղűԼõɳȥҶͷųġ
ôֲķǳ
ķе˼ֻΪҶĺɷ˲ڻܣ佧ıƣѾ
һȫɫ֩ı
佧źݺ³һĭҹգײǱ񡣱ȻѳĴָıӡ
ķеʦܺϦˣӦʦһصŷӦһһơͬʱ佧ıٴ
Ϧһƣ佧佧ƣȴֻΪͬԭ򣬡Ҷʩչɷȥ˺ϦķסǣҲһص
˿̣ϳֲɱ񣬾ȻǵԼɭŰɱʦĶӣתҪӣǣ佧˫ƣѾ׷˲䣬Ҳһص
佧ñСظòͣϢţͻȻ򵹣Ͽͷ㣡Ǳˣ¡
塢̵ģǺķкͺϦ֣벻һ棬㱻һĺͯɱʱŵȫɸһ㡣ֵϣɱˣ
ҶЦųף˫һĺɫɨЩ׷׷ױ˷ĩ
Ƿǳֲ飬Ǳɱٲ̣ЩսıҲ£ǣȴʬ嶼û£㻯ɢδŵǾ״һվԭأҲǰɱ
ʱáıﵱӷֻҪ±ߣ̣ͣ
һãֻñһһıУ˵ϡתۼ䣬ʮ֮˾ŶͶˣķҲƵˡбֻʣһڴ󳼡
帮ŭã㻹楷䣿
Ц壬תͷĶӳӡ
ӽһ˳õţҶģ㿴˭
Ҷúڽ棬ֻװˣϲǣҶ书ȴƣһӱ㱻ϳˡ
Ҷ̧ȥһȻ
ץŵģҶδ޳Ȼ
Ҷŭʲôã
ٺ٣ãҲδޣ
ȻȻɣҪңѾˡ
Ҷƽصſº
ûЦͶǶȡλǿʱٻܡ
ո˵оԼ˫ͻȻԼʹصͷһֻԼ˫⴦ѾѿѴһɺɫϢûѪʣʮֵĹ졣ڰϢһߣһֱ쵽Ҷơ֪ʲôʱֵģֺԭʹƵġ
ӵĵµ˲䣬ѾȻһץסͽš
ӵ۾ԲˣãȻض
峹׾ˣץһӣ죬޼ɵĶӣҲ֪ͶҲֻһҲӣ졣
Ƕ֪õʣץסŤתܾ֡
ѡˣΪһСӣС佧ߡ
ǣ޼еĶӣͳͳһصֻʣ¹¶ĳȻȻվ

β
ҶٰƸڻʵۣԼۼúڽ˰ӣɴ˳ɹƭеĴǣʺıѾΪʺ
˹ƶĳ޼ɻԲѣĵѾ׷׵Ͷ˻ʵۡǣȺûκ顣
޼ɻʮȻȥ
ʺһٻʵҶһҹ
һ磬Ҷ߳޹ţ㿴̨վźüŮˣˣͳȻģǻʫޡ÷ں棬ܿϼ㡢䡢գŮ¥
һɫżٻʵҶ죬ӯӯ񣺡һҹս֮ɱ㲻֪δȥˣ档

ȫ꣩

==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================