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֮˫
ߣСС

ݼ飺
̫ԡ⡢ӽ
һѧϰоƬ޵;
ˣԽǧ磬ա
ʲãأ˭ǣ


1 δѧˣѧ
ճһ
㳪ơν㣬Ҳ࣬ͬǷҵ
ΪȭݺǷֲġȫԱɵźȭֵĻ
뵱ʿǺʿ
ͬ뵱ȭֵһ
ճҲһȭ֣κû̫꣬ǿĶˣȻ㲻һ
㳪ģҪ̫ˡ
ᣬᣬǰᡣ
ԴӸһʱлһգճѧչСõǮҲǲѡ
ȭƣδѧˣѧ
仰ĳЩ˵ʵõģô̫ˡ
ȣܶ˵־
һȫ˶֪˺ᣬȻʹʱʹޡ
ָȭ鲻Ǹܡ
ܲ˲ɣԣ²¥ſϡ
ҵѣȭֲңԱһһȺġ
ʹ൱Ȼ˵־ȵʹУͿֱѪ˵ȭִȭͷ
ڶôȻǼһŰļҲεļ
ճСʱһ𿴵ӣÿŮǶʱ趼᲻վӴһƺԼϣĵòС
ճףʵϷġٴ򡱡
ŮǻӳСȭͷƫͷж۵Сɨն˺һŸļ
ճѧһС
ʱжӲš
ЩӲŵͬ£Ϊ߰ҽҩѵ벻ڶ˺˵ɼ粻ֲķˡ
ԣһҲҪ
־ͼɣΪϰ俪˵һΣҪǿ׳øͲ١
ҩԵöˣͻЧ򰤵öˣͬĹҲãˡ
ǽ
Ҫĸճܲ
ĸ䡱ɲһջ
ϴԡҩ͸ڷҩڲϴнֻһΡ
õĲһ⣬Ϊһ˵ճôЩҩģҲ
Ӫˮı
ȭݵȭ֡ˣ˵ˡϤİȥȥճȴһֱͦţƺͦ
ڱУһ漣
㣬
ȻճȻֻٶְȭֵҪİٽԶȴȭܻӭġ
һԭġ
ճһܣδκ˵׵ĹС飬֪
Сճѧϰ˲ģļܺãõùݡЩûӡֲ֪ʶ㣬ȥ˯һȴ
ѧϰҪǿ䣬ճѧϰȴţۻһ
Ϊּ;һı죬ճĳɼһֱܲ
ǺԺĵҫԼұӣֻġ
õȵճȻԶǰ;
вƣȥʧȥ˼еĶֻʣճΪͱ뿼ҵˡ
ǣгƸ󳱣бҵƾȫûо
ѧϰܺãԹҪؾģһȥɣҡ
ϸаɣʮûУﲻֻͯؾߡȥȥȥѧУļȥש
ǣʮ꣬ճСҽ̡Сϴ빤
ںӵĽ£ҵȭ֡ǰ;Ĺ
˵ݹֻҪʹࡣúˣְȭ֣Ϊϲʿ
Ҫ֪ȭݱúܣ䴴ʼһ˿ɵһ
伯ţҪ֣ӵԼľӡԼķɡ
ʵȨǰܲճĩѧ
伯ȭݣȭпܵõλ棬óԿףǸڣûɳּȭλ
ĵ۹ҲྫӢʿ伯ţȭʦᣬ񸮡´ˡ
ãЧɣճȻҲ⣬ȻҲȭ֣õԵ
ֻҪʵΪһɫȭ֣Ҳܻüɾ͡
ӭȢ׸̤۷岢롣

ΪһܳɹԱճԼĹŶصļ⡣
Ϊȭ־ţţˮǿͷûõģֻ
˸ȭ͸ȭ漼ɡ
ֻҪʶճܶԼļаɵȭҲ֪ѡô
ǣճǫ̃̄ȭսᣬһֱԭ
ȻļɺܲһЩDȭ֣չı䲻̫С㡣
ʱ䣬ֻܸͼȭֵһְȭֵҲңңڡ
ͬ·ߵҰݣʼûӡ

µĺѾЩˬճϣһĹӰΪٶ̫졣
ͷɰ磬۾ʮ𵭵Ц⣬ƺּٱܵĸо
ǰһСͷһ¸ǽסճȴûһҲûͣ˼
೤ĺǰܣͬдԱȻ
ͻȻܵ΢΢бһĸǽȥ
ŵŵš죬弸ƽУǽܳ岽Ȼֱ϶סǰ·׸ǽһԾ£ǰܡ
ΪȻ˵ĸоˮһ㣬û˿ͣ١
ʮӾҪٵȭݵһݸнܶҿҪӿٶˡ
ճţȴֹ֮ͣڳôų·ΪճҪʡǮ
Ⱦҡ
ܼ䣬ճŮ˵ĺһͻӰ׵ͣ
ӼٱܵͻȻͣ£ûдһڣȻǰ˶ֻո
ǰһβ¥ת෽ͼͷȾɫС꣬һŮ˶ֶš
Ů˾ŵڵϣµҵţеİʹš
Ⲣûʲôã󣬺ܿͱ˰ڵء
ס֡
ճһоʮֻ⻹Ǵ죬˵ĵҲ̫ˡ
ȻʲôˣЩҲʶһЩݵ飬·ԼƤ£ȴôҲӡ
ˣճ֡
Сӣ£
ưͷתͷӿڴͳһСճݺݵغ
һֻǻͷճһۣģ΢ٺ١ЦļϵĶ

·˺ƣŮ˲ֻ̼С
ճһ䣬Ҳٶ˵¼һǰȥ
ԷС硢硱ͰߵڵأˤԶ
꣡
߹Ƕ߶ϼſڵϰ
ճְŻ˵ŮЦŰο
λ㣬´μǵߴ·Сǲ̫ƽ
ллллֵܣҪ㣬ɾ͡
Ůݾ£ͷţ½ץסճĸ첲ˮ֮ץסһ㣬һĺ¡
ƺЩվȣճ˹ǰ·˺Ҳûע⡣
ճæסȴһƬɫҫ۾ҲŵŮŨˮζ
һ죬ЩȻİת㣬·
ճڣճ۽ǵ⿴ڵϲҺɫܲͺЩʹޣЩ˷ڴ
ʹ⣬Լ߶˹ͷ޲ǹ£˷ڴʲô
ãˮ
ŮйŹ֣ոտ޺ôҵŮôûаˮϵˮζŨùˡ
УİӾסǰص߹⣬ȫһå۸Ůˡ
ת֮䣬ճ֪ãоһԼߴ̹ǡ
Ů˾ȻְԼ
ճȻŭѹµԽԽˣټ٣·Щʱʵ̫
ȣ
˲ûͷȥճֱۣͷֱŮץס֪ʱ鲻
ͷһ죬һ߰ɻΣƤС
׽סֱۡˡһһӰ˦
Ů˴ʱпᣬﻹǰ̵ģ
̽һѷУֺ׼ͻأĴճ
ֵһգȴһ˸գճ廬֡
иоͷǰɫ任ԼƼȻظһʹݺˤڵϣѪ̱ڵء


2 
ѾǵҵϮˣڳֵ˶һЩĻ죬ûʲôʵƺ֮Щ˼ɣҰֵ̫󡣡
ճۿżڵȫûȥʵ
ǰ漸ϮһЩ״
类߸߿׹ͷǾɱ˰дƹ
ճʮ־裬ûöԷ֡
ºҲץס֮ˣϸϸʣƨʲһ
Ļֻ֮ǳǮ˰£û¶ݡ
ֻһѧõĸƽҲû˭йʲôԹ˭ң
ѵڱ֮ǰĳŹӣһȥҲԲŰ֣±֣͵͵ɱ֣
뵽ճɵȻһЦ
ӰӹȻܶ࿴ԶģϷô๷ѪϷ
룬ˣа˺˴ɱ飬ȻʲôõϢûõȻȥٴȭݡ
ҵʵǲǿһЩϮϿӣǾͰȫࡣĻ̲֮סٴֳҲԱʵң̫һ㡣
ճ̾ϢһͰԺ󣬴ⷽ˵񾭱Ƚϴ

ܽѵճճϥǼһᣬ̧ͷͼͷ˹
磬ϲ˵ܱ㵣ζ鳤ĺϢʱнɣҲܶӪƷСˡ
ŨüۣļΪߴ󣬸첲һһƣһСˡ
ĵճֻݡ
ûһƲأڻæˡճæϵı飬ѱ¶еϲá
ȭǸнÿһԪ˵ǲ١
һ㲻ãݹ֮ʱÿ춼ñ˿ᣬȴǼҳ㷹ʱ˵˻õӪѣʵʴ벢̫ࡣ
ȭֻǮƣҲνҽЩ˾κˣҲ࣬ͲȭݿǵķΧˡ
鳤ȴһÿһǧԪƽֻǶ죬һ£֡
ԭĶ鳤ͥѾʣһӣи֮ˡ
磬ͲǫǶΪԱɲзϣ鳤ͥβСӦǱסְλˣ˭
˵ɣʱ͡ճЦǺ˵ˣ¸ҪCȭǿɶǵȭ600ļһɵõĵ㡣
İɳ磬CȭС˼ҵȭɿɶ̵ֽģʲô
ӺŵȭͷüëʱܿüЩʵҲ
ϧҪȻȭ֣Ҳࡣ
Ǹֱӣĺĺ˿Цá
ճɫЩʧ䣬ת۾Ц
ȭҲȭݵȫгһְֱȭֳ𣿳ȭֻ֣ҪӮñִõַĽ
ճ¶˿˿飬ȴ̻ع˵ʱ䲻ˣҵ׼̨ȥæɡ
ճ˻ָӣϢȥԼĹ߹óרõĻߡ
ȭݷģΨеװȭֲҪ
һİףһܻס̫ѨšԵȴͷֹ˻Ҫ
ճ۾һᣬоظһЩӦСʱӦò⡣
ȥͿһˡ
ԼĪʮ꣬ͷϴŻߣİСüۡʱһһ飬һǸոµǫ̃̄
ճһϲЩɫ
ߵճߴһ߹̽ͷſڣעǣС˵
磬㵱ĵ㣬˿㲻˳ۣƺŸлˣͥϹܸ˸񡭡
ճࡰ⡱һ£ݺݵ
˽кӣԸ񾫹ͻΪ˻ܱС˾ͽи磬ںǷֲͲԵϢʮͨ
мκˣճ࣬ȻûôرҲճĺá
񡯵Ȼȥָȭַ񾭣򣬵һĴ
³׳
Ǻ£ǶԷе͵ԭճ˵ѵõġнƾնʡ
ͷǮ̫ˣ
ӴϢճ̾һһССȭ¶ˣԣֵá
Լǲ˥壿

һȥʮ꣬ЩͺӭճЦǺǵ˵ճǶĶһҪһæ
ȭ˭
ճÿЦֱʵ
ͺȭݺǷֹ鳤ͥ͵Ц滢Ӱۼ˿˼һøм
ЦճȴѾ˾衣
˻ѡȭ֣±ˣǽʲôȭֶû壬Ѳɻܴ㣿ͥˬЦ
ĺ̨ǸȥɣõƳƺţ˲٣ҫҾΪ뽱ָͥͷ
ĺ̨
ճ̧ͷȥһź̿ĸȭѹ
Ѫ˿촽ȱһ⣬ڲס¶˳ʱʱͷ˻һ
ǡ蹷
蹷Ҳţϸ²ǲŰСòзϣ˾Ӧȥǽڡ
ճͥӵĻһ䶼ŲãʲôҲֻ˵˵ѣ˭˭ɵˡ
ѲָԼӵϢûľûġ
ͥ£ҿճ۾йָָĺ̨һ˵
ǶĽ㣬һϣҿû취ֻôӦ
ӱż󺺣ΪһĿ׳
һǰһ죬Ÿ΢΢̧𣬿ʱ׼˻Ķǡ
Ǻ˹ƺȵЩͷ
ǣľǣճɲǴġȭʮоŸͻƣֵкô
ͥæǰȥЦ˵ȻճҪ̨
ճЩΣнˮָɣⱾһס
תͷͥ˵ȭ򣬲Υ湥塢ʺ֧ͣ
ͥЦ˵Ȼô˿أܳ¡
ճǫ̃̄ȥͥһ˿⣬΢΢
ճǫ̃̄ļһ°סͷϸǷι̡
˫ȭײʵȭ׷ԡ졣
ŤŤһ巢ûʲôף̧ͷһεȭַ蹷˫ֲٻͷ˵
ԿʼˣСʱ
ÿһ֮ǰճϸϵװǸǸ
ҲԱֻǵӲţȴҴ⡣
蹷۾Ѫ˿Щ죬Ŀճͷ·ǶԼͻȻЦ
ǽճ˵ˮƽܲٱ򵹣ҵǺܺ档
ӻ˼Ե֪һȻΪȭɣǵΪ˴һӡ
νĽš
֮룬Ϊ蹷촽˴һ⣬Ȼòˡ
蹷沽ǰ壬һɾճǰз˻ȭΣ΢࣬ȭڳճͷ̫Ѩȭͷƿգˡ졣
ճŷ죬һݣػȭһ˳ȭƲ

һ죬ճоַ飬Ű嶼Щʹ
ӻûվȣǰӰһǰƣȴǷ蹷һȵ˹
ճ󱳹ؿ΢ȥɾ⡱վȣֻоķŻ
ģ񾭲ɣCȭֱDȭǿĲһǰ㣬600ȫʵѵҵжɻ̫ͼֻжһ빥ȥŲ
ճת֪СʱԼǻᱻѪ
蹷̬ˣͬУֱؾȫȫ˷ء
ճԻ֣Ըһ棬޷ǾƴˣԼļɣ˶Է
ǣһƴĶ֣Ⱔ򲻻֣ôĽࡣ
ͣ֡
ճʱҲ˲ýӡ
ԱȭֲȨֹ
̨Ϻ̨¹ԱͻӣȻ̨ȭ֡
ճͣˣ鳤ͣˣ
ӿͥԱ߶ҲҲӣ󼱣æ
ͥбһۺӣȳŸոȥͣʲôͣճǽӦ˵ȭ֣û۹⡣
ԱҲЦֵֻǳ˵㣬ûµģйһ¾ͺãҪͣ°ʲôԱ

һļȭȫЦ


3 
ճ̨֪ͥ˵޶ԣһſԼϷʱƼˡ
ֻȡ֣ûндš
蹷ȷճߺ֣ͣûͣ¹ӷ񣬿Цǰ׷ҧžͲɿڡ
ճ˵ÿ죬׷ø죬˻һϢ֮͹ȭʮȣȴǲ˼ȭÿһȭÿһŶֱҪ
ճǱѪ˿һͷЩѣΣﰵвá
蹷Ц־ͷЦҲôôСҲѧ˽гţ
˵Ÿͣճ籩Ĺ
££¡蹷һ߳ȭȣһ˷ܵҽУƺˬòС
ճӰҡҡ׹ɾǲܺõĽϵķߣжķ⵲˷蹷
УͿɣճľǱѰ
ٹһᣬ蹷Ͳٽлˣ𽥱۾ѪƺϴԡѪʱ龰
ǫ̃̄ϱ˴ܣһƨ򲻵
ⲻܡ
﷢ĹŹЩˡ
ճЩ±ƣûַ蹷־Щ˼סһƴǿֱĴȭ΢΢
ͬһʱ䣬̧ϥס蹷һšӱߵذߣݺײǫ̃̄ϣֵ˻
ȭֹֽ塢ʺȴҪǷ蹷ȴȫȻϡ
Υ棿
ôûӵ̨һЦճŭɶ
蹷ôҲܰճ򵹣ۿŶԷҡҡ׹ɾǺܼͦ
ɫѪ죬·ȫ綼ڳԼȻһȥɡ
һ֮¾ͳ嵽̨ǣȻʹ
꣡
ϸ΢ճۼ⣬Ȼ蹷ȭĺͱļڵƹҫ˸űĺ⡣
ŷ蹷ǰˣһϲ๴ȭԼ̫Ѩӻ
蹷ĳȭƣȻһȭҡ֮
ȭȭȭճҲû
ֻҪؾᣬסȭ©ȭټжɣҲ˴š
ڲУ蹷ȭ˸ļ̺ȷĸճ©κһȭԼԳܵġ
ɵЩڣ֪蹷УǰӦ÷ġ
˰
عκα˲ء

ճƺһ϶ĺֱֻ۱̴Ѫʹ衣
Ŀŷ蹷ЦһȭԼ۾Ǽ̺ԽԽԼֱֻȴʹľӦҲٶ˼֣Ҳסһȭ
֣֡ΣգԤ0.5󱻴­Ծȡһţȣأ¶ףͷˣ
ճԺϢͻȻ۾һ˿âȻ֮ȫ
һƺҪʱ䣬üȫȫѪҺڣиͷ졣

нճȾȵķ֣ݺ˹ķ蹷ӰЩãڰ׵Ӱе
蹷˸ŵ⣬һ㣬ʺ

ճлصĮҲݣҪȥɣ
ͻȻǰ㣬ͷǰʱǹĿ꣬㡣
蹷Цһȭƺ̶ճ۾ɱ֡
Ծͷȱһ촽ͻȻǰһճӰģ
蹷һʹ͸оȫȫһкա
ס﷢죬һͷԵڵأҲ

ŷ蹷ĵ£ĺ̨˶վ۾ϴͲŸոջ־ķ蹷ͻȻȥ
ͥСˣˣճ㾹Ȼȭ֣
ˮƿ״ҲǴʧɫˮƿһӣһǫ̃̄æסҡҡ׹ճ̨ºȵ۾Ϲˣ蹷ʹɱ˳磬˻á
û綼ѪˣϽҽȥ
˵̨µĺʹ˸ɫճҪ뿪
ӿǴֺʵ˼Ϊϸ塣
׺䶥һվסֻ֪һʱ𾪱֮УȻعͻճ鷳
ճˣոҲ֪ʲôܣȫӣҲסǸ𣬻㿪Ϊá
Ҳ͵ȥ˾壬һʱ֮ѵ
⵱Ȼ֪ͨȭݸ߲㣬˾Ǵ£ҪճֵԽ󷴶á
ճΣͷһȫͻȻʯ蹷ĻڣһǹͶĺǡ
֮ʱ죬֮ȴоȫ·ȫߣز
ղڶߵġô£蹷ϵĺ㣬ΪʲôһǺ㣬Ź
̫ɵճоһͷˮгȥղŵӾǰѾָ·ǰֻǴ
ʲôԭأ龰еǱܱĸΣʱСԼĺӣ𣿡
ճǰ˼⡣
һٶȻټ㹥ֶζԼ߱ģܡ
ȴЩµʱ
ڷӦǫ̃̄蹷ĿֵܣУճ˹۾Ѫ졣
ճֵ
ȥCȭֹˣҪ˳磬˵ɡ
˫ȭգӭǰȥš¡¡ȭȭĴ
ļȭֶһۣҲȥȴճɱ˹
ճΣֵʱ̣ѵšۡһ죬߿
һ˽ǰͷˣ滹߰˸ǹʵı
˭˭ľ壬ʲô£
ǰһߴĿ磬ȺɨǰҾ棬üͷ
ʱӸѾͣ˵ĴҲҼȥ
ֵܿȭָȫ𷢺ӡ
ȭܱޣǲܿƵĸ󽫣ȻˣĻ־Ѿ


4 εѡ
޴ˣճɱˣΪַɱȭ֡蹷ݺϳͣͥ˵
ļıóѣʱл죬ֻʵճûܶҡԼ鳤λá
Ҳ˵ǰɱʵ
ⲻȭֶԾɱȭ֣ɾʹˡ
ȡȿȣ
ճоظһЩ֪ͥӣҪܱһ֮Ͳٷڡ
ⲻɱˣ蹷ȭģȴǫ̃̄ϹȻֳɱˣѵСճЦ
ǣ㿴ֱֻۻͱôѪǴȭ˻ã蹷ƽô˱ģֱȭݵ档
ڸϣ֮аȭݶˡ
ճЦĵӹȻǺöѡ
ȻܣҲǵĺ̨Ҳȫ޹˼ɡ
ڴ֮ͥ´²ϾֻȭܣǷֲ
˺ۣѵ¼񣡡
ޱ飬ЩĿһۡ
蹷ǵֵܣΪCȭ֣ǫ̃̄ϱһֳ£Ҳ̫ûˡ
ɣ
һ͵ɤ𣬱ߵһŮ˳
ŵɫŮʽװ̷źڿ۾֬
˼Ŀһ۴Ŵճʮŵϵǫ̃̄
Ůճʶ£ǸҽƵ˺֡
ȭ˲ѹܸˣʱȥҽҿ˵仰
̨鿴ճûҲһЩ
˵һȭС£Ҫôķڷ
·˷蹷۾ټ˴ȡŵһС򡯣һ͵̣ٿ˿ڡ
һᣬܴͬʱϾ׵
±鵭˵
蹷˺ۣµ̨ճֱϵѪ
ˣȭΥ̨ճɱˡǣһ㲻ףΪʲôCȭֳе·ɱˣٶȻô죿
˿ճʱͬȵΣճϵļѪЩֵʵ
Ů۹⼫Ϊһ۾Ϳĵط
ճҲٶȣҲڱ蹷ôңֱۡ
Ҫ֪ǴˣһС˵ͷֻ־͵÷ϵٲô
ճƽ˵͵øмͥ鳤ˣҪ鳤֮ǰһҩãڷ蹷ˡ˵ͥͷЦЦ
ɲʲôԸӰⳡԻԼˣԼˣȻɷŹ
˵һ͵ҩԼ˲ܴ蹷ճȻ˵ˡ
ԼùҲðˮ
Ƿıҿһʵôֿ
ʲôҩ裿ŮЦЦʵ
XH1Ѫ衣
ɣȭȫȻͥʮֹŹ֡
ǽҩǿЧ˷ܼͥĶҩҵˣ
ͥסǺˣûûСճѪˡ
ճί˵鳤¼񶼱ǿˣסġǰ˵蹷⣬ΣղŸҩöлľ֮
ÿ鶼ҩҲʲôܣҩ˭ϣҲ֤ݡ
ȭֲãǿõģǱ
ΪһЩȭʵ̫ǿûҩҲ޿ɺǡ
Ϊҩȭ֪Ļξʹˡ
޿ͥ͸Ҫһ׶ճ֪ͥˣҲѲƤ
ҵġճ⡣
ֱͥ磬ѾǲͷµȻ˵㵱鳤Ǹ󡣡
ճĻ죬ЦЦĿһ˵ҩ˵òȻˣ蹷ΥȣճȻҲУǮ˰ɡ
Ȼ̫ճ˵ҩ飬ƺڳάճоЩ֡
Ů˻ǵһμûʲô顣
Ǯ
޿һ۵ճĺӣüëƺ뵽ʲôҲϣ۹⣬ͻȻЦ
ȭݼҴҵҲ⼸ǮճһҲⲻȭĲƸȻ˷蹷ʹȭɡ
蹷ȭݵȭԼʮ峡꣬¾ˡ
ճ۹һ£޵̬Ȳ̫ʲô⣿蹷Cȭ
ԣֻǸDȭּûCȭȥɫ䣬
ôԣֵܴܷ蹷˭˵ûCȭʵ
Ц˵ûǰճֳȷûдﵽD
ֻҪϵǫ̃̄һȭֶܴɱֵܵĳܱܿˡ
ǲУ̫ΣˡɫǵͨǰҪҰʮ峡
ˣճֱ۾վһÿĻȣܱҲЦ֪˼Ȧס
æסӣȰ˵ȴñѾˡ
Ҳǲԣֻܴʮ峡ԼκˣǾȥǩԼɡ
˵껰Ҳ˷ڵĻᣬתȥˡ
ָճӺͥ˵㣬˵ˡ
űȥ
ӣ㲻óҵģܱȻǿ֣뷽跨Ӻͬ
޵ķӦճ˱ΪʲôԼǩȭֺͬˡ
֮ⲻھơ
ǰһ˽ʱǴüңȻ˵ˣܵ˵ֻԴ·磬ûռʲôˡ
ǡѵӪCȭ֣ȥBȭҲǲԡ
ٿӣֻһְ18ֻ꣬Ļһ
츳򼸳ȭ˵ͻΪµҡǮ
ú޻»˳ˮۣ˽ȥ
ճ峡ȭƾõġ
ɱȭֵȥȭֽлծ˭Ҳ˵ܴ
ʵã˴ǫ̃̄ϣ˭ںأ
ճﳤȥıޣġ
֪ЩƣԼʲô취
ΪޣΪ⣡
ֻԼ̫


5 Сè
磬õңټʮȭһܳŵҸоʱܴ󣬺ұȭֲӦõĲǡ
ԶŵһͿԼĺͬʤʮ峡
磬ƾļɣȻЩ㣬ֻǴӮ峡Cȭʲô¡
ЦǺǵ˵˲֪ճʵˡ
֮ʵ֮죬ܴͶճ̵ְֽġ
ֻΪճΪֻӲû֪ˡ
ճУõʮ־ʱֻΪжˣȭȴԶ򲻳ȥ
ͬһԲճʱÿλֻǰԲ
ڷ蹷ȫ³˹֪ճ
֮ǰճCȭʵҲֻҪԻǵˡ
ʮ峡̫࣬ȵճʵȫ¶ıͻԽԽѣкܴΣա
峡ȴոպá
ٶĶ֣˭Ĵӡ
ճĻˡ
ҪΪܳŹ峡ȭǿɾˡ˹
ճȻ̧ͷŮҽȻûߣȴվһЦ͵Լ˵
±Ǹҽƺô򵥣˵úܣ˵ǣճܲӡ
˵ԼҲЩĸо
ѵΣճ߹ʵǺڿ۾µ۾һ̶˿⡣
Щûʲôֻ²ͻǫ̃̄ϡ
µЩճļ˵
Сİɡ˵תȥ
ŵӰ뿪ճȴ˾ˣΪµΣ
̯ƣв֪ʲôʱ򣬱һСֽ
ֽŵ㣬ϵζ
ǼˣʲôʱֽԼյĵģԼãȻ
ҪǸֵĻǲôĶ֪
뵽ճ亹ˡ

ճȥҽҩͺӶǩ˺ͬ뿪ȭݡ
ϣźǷĶ֣ңԶ߽ɫϦûųһڳ
һһ졣
ĽһֱûǩȭԼһֱûմѪȣԷ蹷ɱȴûӹһ졣
̵ԼҪһˣȴɱһˣڲõĽҪǫ̃̄ɱ⻹㲻ˣ
ŹĻճЩꡣ
¸ֽдĺܼ򵥡
ŵ㣬ʮ¥ˮ
ʮ¥ȭݸ߲Ķң˵ǴŸ˶طװޣҲ֤µء
Լ
Ůһ̬ճҲЩ˼룬žͰ뷨Ժ
ԼĻأŪͷһ
Ҳ̫࣬ȵȥ֪ˣ¹Լȴǲܲȥ
磬㣬СõҪ
ӰеĶ˹
ճһȴǸղŵǩԼѣҲ׳ƵİҷѣӶǩʮճǩ峡
ĳһ˵ȭݵȷǮȭֱöҲġ
ֻҪӮٴһЩͻкʹͣǴͷ
ҲҪûȥЩƷҸողҲǩԼ𣿡
ճæ˻ȥ
ҲǮˣΪǰDѲߣʤʲ࣬ˡ
ơѵķãĸףҲʵڲôԣôҪǮ
˵˵úӰǮ˻ȥ
˷ֱճҩһ֧ʮɽΣֵ˳˼ŹǣһЩС㣬ͳȥ
԰ճͣڣٵһСᣬͼһССĺӰײײ˳
һֻƴСè۾ģëɫغ죬һë
ƺǱ̫죬ҪܵճߣСèڵϰһӣԲĹ˹
ճСèӣûЦæС죬˰ɣܵúü
֨֨
Сè˸ۣߴߴƺ˵ЩʲôճһҲֻܲǲԼС졣
è䣬ֲӦأҪ֨֨
ճСèķ־Ҫһͷϵë
СèͷһƫЩԸĶճ֣ԹԵҵڵʳƷеС㣬֨֨˼ʹڳ
ԣкܶأ
ճʳһЩСè㡣
ˣθôΪʲôͲأԵȥˣ
Сèһûش𣬳Ե춼̧
СèСֻаƴ󣬾ǸոõСèճȴ֪ǡ
֮ǰճ԰ʱ򣬷Сè̱һùԣƤë࣬ȫûж⣬һҪģ
˵èʳιȻÿ°ι
֮ȥȭϰ໹Ҫ·أһΪʡ㳵ѣһҲСèйأܾôСèû˹ܵĻӦûɡ
Ͼͷ̫СˣҪԼʳƺܼѡ
ֵǡ
¹ȥˣСèһ㶼ûг󣬳ϵƤë⻬㣬ɫʸ˵㣬˵㣬һжû䡣
ÿ켸ʮָС㣬è󣬶֪װȥˣ
ɻ֮£ճСèĶƤоȻģʵС죬ԱûҪҪԵ㣿
Сè۾֨֨Щ󣬿ճһ
оèԼСúǣСèĻ
ϧ㲻ϸһؼңҲϲġ
СèѾԱճСİŵϣԸȥɡ
СèԱ˾ͻȥβһճҪ뿪Сè˹ҧסճĿţء
Ȼ԰ȥͷ˿ճ
Ҹߣ
ճЩɻ󣬸Сè߹հ䣬˼ӡ
Сèܵò죬ʱʱͣȣҲ¸
һС棬ճïܵĲݴУһƬɫС
СèצӰοӲݣͼһصҶݣӨӡ
һɫһɫ
Сèͣһ£ǺɫСӰճ
̫ˣСèĺö͸ճ
ճָͷĺӽ˹ЦС죬ıɣҳԵģ
СèĿճͷ˿ǲݴԣưһ죬ƺ˵С
ճͷеĺӣŵһɼŵ㣬оˮ
ԼƽҲôôӾͻ̲סأ
ʱôɵ֪Ǻöˣǲ֪ʲôã
Ŷоһ¿ǲʲôãȴǳʵģ֪ģͰѺС
һɸ¡


6 
ճо岻ܿƵĲëȫ򿪣ϴһɣԡ
һϢֱüģǰǫ̃̄ϵĸоֳˡ
ֳ֣֡׹׻һѧϰоƬȫ渨
¶29ʪ60ԪŨ0.3ӣ
ŸԼʽͬٲǰճܿ޶˶˳ԺеνоƬʲôˡ
ôϾǼ¼㡢ɨ衣
һŪô÷ȻǸоƬоƬܼݣǲ֪Ϊ׼
1.2ʣ0.40.5ݣ0.5
ģ˾Խ˱׼ʡݾȻȫǡȲзϡı׼ôǿ𣿻˵ԼǸˮ
ȻЩޣճڸһоƬҲЩףǸղǹӣܾ񶼴ﲻ׼
ΪԴӳ˺оԼͷԸ벻׵Ķһ¾ˡ
Щܾûã𽥵ѧʽӢﵥʣֻҪһ룬ǰ
һαʱŮͬѧеıҲǸĵףȫк壬ǰδġ
ǻСӦѧҵΪء
Ůͬѧòƺϵ˵
ʱճ⻰ȷԣȻûȥ
ԭǿԼ˵дʡ
Ҳѹ֣ȷ˵㡣
ֵģ˵һһճ֪棬ӦþǴ˰ɣǽЧԡ
ͷһСè鿴ԼճһѱСè񣬺ݺݵһڡ
С죬ллˣǺö
Сèܻ֨֨ҶԶţ˫΢Уǲ׼ˡ
ճ΢һתСèڸʲôڵŹӳ죬ԼҲԣܹţȳһ˳
ѹֲԸһؼңôĹڣҲԸ뿪
ճǰ蹷ɱʱĺڰӰʶһת;Χ׵ľɫˡ
ܳ裬ݷҶҡȫӳУôһ
ԶĲݴһСߣһӡ
ϧֻܹɨ֮ڵҲûп蹷ʱϵĺ㣬֪ʲôԭ
ֻܵȵȭݻ˶սʱٽˡ
һֹܣճǿѹ˷ܣ²оƬôģҲͲȥ롣
뵽ȭ˵Լ峡ȭʮΣյ£ڼоƬԼԼӦôоƬãôƾ֡
ȻѧϰоƬȻѧϰΪһδȡȭŵ㣬ֻҪʱ㹻ʲôΣնӭж⡣
ճ㣬ѹͷĴʯźȻɢСèкɫͳ˹԰ؼҡ

ֿһʮСվʱʱżԶ
Ůüë΢΢𣬺Ĵ۾ģ·ҫµɫɫһ㣬ݣ˵ĸоͺ΢һ㣬ܰߡ
ͻȻСǰ˼ֽ
˹ȥһѱסճĸ첲ɰСţôˡ
˵Ŷ۾ȴճɨɨȥ
ճ§˿ڴһ˿ڷҩûѪˮ䡣
ɫĳֱۣСѾͷԴӰ࣬ûʲô£Сģ㿴Ҳȫúõ
ճȭȻԼСãЩ鱩¶˿켣ⲻ˵ġ
˾ͲòҸɡ
ʱ˵Լˤˣʱ˵С͵ʲôġ
ˣҲ˺֢
Сÿ춼ڽֿڵȣǲˣĵòС
СҰ׵ɫճһۡ
ⲡ֪ʲôʱܺãҽԺҲ鲻ֻ˵Ӫûв
ֻйճ֪ѾԽԽˡ
ȥ󣬾ֻճտԼСãһʱ׺ѧȥǮ
ϧʲôƷСõӹҲûаת
С㿴ʲôˣ
ճױһӰװóǿɽΣݻƵ˿ۣȴĲżô
ҲЩ⣬ǩȭԼԺǮЩҲһϲ°ɡ
ǡ˲Σôޡһ۾Ͳ³˲Σ£ɻ˵
ǵݵģ˲ʲô״У˵ֻ20ݵģþˡճЦ
20꣬ûܶǮɣҵĲ硭
ѧУѧԣƽϲ飬Ϊϻۣ֪뵽ʲôȦЩˡ
ݲ㣬Ҳ˼ǮͱϹˡȻȥɣҲˡճϽתƻ⣬Сþߡ
ǼҾԱߵСƽǹ˼ҵķӡ
һ¥ǰһҩ꣬СáȻҲǹ˼ҵ档
Сƽ棬ʮֲг
ƹҩ꣬ȴſڳˣͣſڵıȥ
ճ̧ͷȥǰһճ˵ĶӣҪбĹʱһ˵Цš
٣¶ˣȸŵл
Сһ׮ǵðҩˣҿɵء
ɫףһɫȵӣЦЦû뵽ǹ˼үҩ֮ͦϲ
ǣүү˵תͷе˲Σף˲Ρ
˹һƣȻŭ飬㾹ȻҼ͵ҩʮ˲μֵҲã
磬ûУҸġ
鱻һ㶣Ϸֱ
ʲô磬𣿾ǼҰ֣иеö𣿡
һճһ˲Σһ򹤵ģǮԷͲˡ͵˶ѣһѧá
ŲѧãϹ˵
ˣϧûˣҲᷴ
ʦδŮ˲ӰֻסҸƲ
סƽܿ˵̬ˡ
ʦǰЩòȥһˡ
Ȼճ
ճǹʦѧУſڼģڼңһֱΪ
˵費ѧãȻǷûиף⻰ʮֶ񶾡
ʦĹùãȴûа֮ģ衣
㿴˼Сﶼ۸ÿˣСãҪ˲Ǯˣҳȥһ飬۾ɳˣһ˵
裡
ճȥһžͰ߷ɳȥ硱һˤס
Ҵˣճ֪˭ٻкҽԺҿģˡ
ٱճһ߷ɣָճ
ճûش۸ԼöС
һ䣬ǰȥס죬һϣݶɳˡ
㲻ѧãѧá
˵һʹһƣù޺׵ͷһ
ס֣
һ˳˳л
ճ֣磬㻹ˣˡ
ҩı˳
ճϵľ˾˹˳˹һѹƵǰڵأ磿ҿɶˣڿ˵Ұ֣˵ԼҹùòѧãҸʲ𡣡
죬Ұ֣޽еûճһٰƣȵúͿˡ


7 ѩ

ճŹվŶžͰ߷ˡ
˶ͷѵԸˣճᵽȥ
Щ˱רҵȭʵڲ̫ԶˣճһӤ׳ĶԱȡ
ճ̧̧ȾͰǽСǰȥ
ŵֱɫˣԼҵıճСһѾҪ
˳ӲͷƤճٴӣսս˵ճ˾ˣҲ飬ףҲ
˾ˣϹʲôݹϵƽﲻǾ˵ҰҿûԹǼҵʳùǼҵǮҼƽռˣøĳɡ
ʱǼҶû˵ġ
˳ǿɺޣһ·ɫʦ󣬾뷽跨ҪˣռµƤ
˵Ҫ飬СҲȻҲǵˡ
ܷúãββǰҲܵġ
ճУǼҰ֣Ȼûм̳Ȩ
ƽճҲֻţҲ̫鱻۸ˡ
ճȭɱˣ˱仯·ʽҲ˲ͬҪСˣȻˡ
ˣ
ճӿڴͳ˲εĵݣڻش˲εĵӡԩС͵ǼҵĶǶթ˵˵ô⳥Сɣ
һ֧˲Σ
˼Ҿǿҩģⶫúܡ
ճĿ⣬˳۾£æ˵⡣
ٶڵװҲҽŲǰɡ
Ժôճȴǲϡ
ֻҪǸ͵а׼
ż˵ĸоʵںܲ
ճСû˼ңüţЦ֪ﻶֵúܡ
ƽﱻǼ䳰ȷϰˣճһǰ磬ʵڴġ
һᣬﴫ˲ŹǵŨζͺʳڳƹƹһͰѷŪãֽʮ졣
ճɳϣö߳ˡ
һæʵЩˡ
СʮͿʼ˵Ǹ˺ѳԣƽлʳȫڸ
ˣ
˿ϵķˣŨŨС
˲Ǹ㲹ӵģԵ͹ˡճǰ˲˻ȥ
ⲻǻһ𣬸ոա
ճӹ˳һ˲С֪ôֻۣǵͷ͵Ц
ͳ԰ɣʲôҪ˲ٶ඼١
ճҲЦ˻ĥֻҪܺûа

ճЦţͻȻÿӶˡ
ؿڴǿϺƮһӰһƨɵޣֻģ
ҲСһݣʱһ˲κŵġ
ճ۾пȥ
Сſϣ˲׹СȥһЩŰ׹Ĳοˮ¶ǣ˵ɫһЩ
СݵһЩɫǺЩɫ
С޵Сʱģ龰ճĻô¡
Сʱ龭˵һСøһ棬˵öˣͰȥҽԺҽ
ճҲΪСӺ
мѧУŻ֮Ҳû˵Ƶġ軰ˡ
ҲǴʱҲһ
ʼΪƶѪӪ岡ȴһֱûҵôܰá
ѻȥǸ֪һԭĽ״Ҳһܴԭ
µûСŮ޾Ǹ֮ʱȥ˫̥֮һ
ԭһֱһ֮£ѹ˵嶼ò
ûĳŶһӣճ۾Щʪˡ
Ƕ˺ܾã϶ǳʱûв㹻ԪСŮ޵֮嶼ûҲ𽥼١
óԵͻȻо̧ͷȴճۺˮǣСŮޡ
磬㡭㿴õ龪ϲʳЩ
ţճָһСŮ޵о˿˿ģƺʲôƺû
磬㿴ѩˣǰ˵ҡСŮģ´ʺ
Ʈ˹ճĲӣϡ
úãҿСѩˣȳԷɣȳˣ翴ܲܰǵĲκá
ճǾܿ
ڽоƬǰֱʹáʱʱӣճܴġ
һֱ̫Զ˰죬ѩĸ󡣲һô˵첻ܳҲֻܳۡ
ңѩӪ㣬ҶʮˣֻģѩܹԵģҲܴѧ֪ʶα۸ңҲѩܵġ
Թ߶߶˵Щ£ճףѩʵϸһֹϵ˲̫Զ
ѩǶ֮УʵǶڽеġ
ƽø𲹳˵һʱ仹ιѪСѩܱ֤Բʧ
ƫƫﲻԣҳСʵڲṩСġ
ճٲ취ǿܾͳŲסˣҲƽɫҰףһԭ
Ѫ顣
ճĬĬĲһ䣬ԪѾòˣԺǵ취Ǯܵððװֲźá
оƬѪ
ճסС֣ȫֹ֮ȥ
һꡱϵϢ⣬Ҳ˺Ѫɫ
ǰȥ˲ѪϳһƬë
磬ɹ̫һ㣬ɹ̫Ҫůöࡣ
૵˵ǰδеĺá
ճͷȴЩȻѪڣֻĥϵα겻α
ȻһЩȴȻÿԣҪ̱Ԫǵкҩ
ҵʲôķͺˣ׳Դȴǿ¡
Сѩ״ˣĳɳȫ飬彡㣬ֵõҲЩ
ճСѩཱུӣǵЦȻȴܿõоõ
׹֮󣬹Ȼвͬ
Сѩܹ𣿡
ճЩֹ£˿СѩԹǿһɱĹҲǹοСѩǻǵ׶ԳƵ
ܹģ˵Сѩ˻䣬ȫһЩǿ׳ûã˵һ㶼ֹȥˡ
˭۸㣬Ҵ
СѩڿƮƮȥģճЦ벻ܹ弫ǿ׳ˣӦСѩС
ֻܶŪ㲹ҩԪСѩǿ󣬾ܶԸĽɫˣҲճһ׮¡
ƽҪæԼ£СѩߣҲ۸ȥ
һǮɣճԲμCȭĵִֵ˼֡


8 
ڶ磬ճȭݣȥһ»ܵʱ򣬻֪ԼＸ
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ſڣǴȭִҡڵ˽ĿĶճԴɱֵһѾһˡ
˵껰šȣСžžӴ죬ڰеһİٽɳߵó
ߵĵطѳһĿӣ񱻵һ㣬ҡεɳɳˮһ
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֡һĻһ֣410
ȭ410Dȭּڴﵽȭּˣֻ300𣿡
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ճȭɱʮΨһֻֻҪϱˣͲẦЩȭ֡
ӸûһᣬֱûҰ
300ȭǵ800ȭȣôҲûãžˣž
400ȭϼɣٸǶϣʲô
Ұ·ӳȭ֣ûоѵǻᣬڲͣĽ
ֻҪѧϰڼӿ˵ŵ㶼ѧУʱһᳬǡ
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֪ǹ˼УˣӰԵõʱ̱ǿġ
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ں񾭴ӲĻ˵ʲôʲô
Ҳ룬ճ֮ȭ֣Ϊصԭ
ʱ䣬ճҲֻٶ̶ܹʱһٽ
ӦһȥɳϰǵʵҲ̼ƽûûεĺ϶˿˿ء


9 
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ûԵ޹ʵİҲûԵ޹ʵĺޡ
ӦòǿӢķϣʲô㡣ҪȻ˵԰ﵽңǾȥ
ճﰵֹš
˵ںǰֵöǲмһˣɲô롣
ǵıƿܴʵ벻ʲô취Ը
ֵۣȵȶϣֻܵܶ㡣
˵ǵٶȲǫ̃̄ôСĵطܶüС
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Ҳû뵽̶ִȼߵĴ棬ȻôɥĲƳɹŴͥ԰ģ
紵һʯСչĴ
¥м仹һС԰һɽɽһȪζ
Сӣߴط˰ɣʮ¥ɲҴСı˴ӳȥ
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ҽһ㶣Ҫŭ˿ճЦʦģǺðɣҴȥˣǺȭֹǣɵӣ
ճЩĪˮ־͹ǰԶһ¥ϣҪ·
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ոսܹԼֹǾͲǵԼʲô֣ʲôţ
Ҳˣֵֻ£Ѱһнڵš
ճֵܣʦʲôţ罻ʦҰø׵
ԸɣͲýˣȥʦ壬˵Ҵȥݷ
ڴɤŽġžž졣

ֹסˣͷճһۣ˦뿪
ճҡҡͷȴûϡ
ֹЩĪҵ°㣬ȴвԼ֪Դװʲô
ճŽȥһ۾Ϳڴ͸͵£һŮֵ˫΢վţ¡
ǰһľˣľĸľ˫һŹӰľ淢žžһ㣬ֹ
Ľôסɴ˫ۣôҲ³ֳȵӰӣʱ
ǡȡѾʮǿٶҲ죬µĳ֣ʲôҲˡ
Բһ˶Ծ龰Կ϶ֻҪ߳һȣ¾ͿԴȭȫһΡ
֣ľ׮Ѽ¼ɨ衣
оƬԼжϣܹʵĶҪճԶһճΪ⡣
ֵһֶӣͣȭһ
ɢ»һİɫâճоƬһ߰˴İɫ棬а
ֹŮ˵ѪҪǿˣǿʢั

ȥ˺ڿ۾ճµ۾Ϊʣ˫üϸ䣬΢΢̡
ȴ飬˿Ʋ۾
ѹƽҪʽڿ۾Ϊǰ˹ģȴԭǶһΪڵ˫۾
ճ˲ֹǵ̬Ҳԩпµ˶ᱻǺްɡ
֪ȭĶ˭˰ɣ΢΢Ц
ǡ
ճɫЩ࣬µʵסĵطҲԼ뷨
˵Լʤûá
ʵǲ̫ԶڸֵУҲס
ѵӪưҵɼŵȣе巨ţǹǷ㶼Ҫǿࡣ˵Ǵ򲻹ġ

Ҳû
һ׽ǵĳõںľϣ˿¶й¶ĴƬѩס
ܰﵽʲô
ճҲµ˷ˣԼСһжǸơ
Ҫãͱ븶֪Ȥ޳İ
Сͳейأů
ճʮʱȥˣСΪõС˶ί
ճҪΪСڷ絲꣬Ҳ˲²ĵϰߡ
¿һƽճЩݣҲЩ
֪ǰǸˣĻҲö˵˵Ҹһʽףҽȭһ¡
ʲô飿
Ȳæ˵һȭ󣬼㻹ţҾ͸㡣
һЦȻЩƤ
ճҲЦԳ˵ҲԣҪҾͱǴʲôҲˡ
ҽôڶ̶ܹﵽսʤǵĵز
Ҫˣġ蹷ʱֻٽһȭֱţȴɱӦôﵽDȭֵز˰ɣֻҪüǱӮҲûᡣ
ճд󾪣ѵԼȭʱͷ¼ˣ
ܰȭϰ͸Ǿװ¼ĵģΪ˱֤ȭֵأ¹
ճ󾪵ӣ¡ꡯЦ˳ҪǿѪǿȣһʲôҽģûȤȥ̽һСʵǽҲһ
Ů˺ܻգ֪ˣճоദ崺磬а
Լ־ᣬ˵һʽףʲôôҲҲźŰ°ɡ
ֹǵı־֪ˡ


10 ȭ
񶷣޷뼼
ҲӣһɨǰЦ̵ģ֫ͦΣһӢд
ճҲݹȻоƬɨȴ򿪡
ⲻǶԼļлɣоƬɨԼķ̥ۿҪϸ̫ࡣ
360ǵɨɲ˵Цκ¼ĶҪǿ
ͬɨ裬һ0.1㾫

ճ϶һܿøʱѧĶҲ࣬Լ1.2оƬ㷨֧ʮӡ
Ŀɨʲô⣬һת͸оһȣѪ
ʾȭ˵ҪҶĺǣǵѧᴩ͸Ͷؾɡ
򵥵˵͸ƤĤࡣ
Ժͼ˫ȳһǯ΢΢һšұȭһ𣬿žһ
ûƣƾ輡𶯾ͷ򱬿ȭճΪ֮ᣬ˷ܲѡ
ӲѪȴԭ
ڶɨͼУµȫȫʧ弡бӳյ˺֡
ҫâ壬ճʾ̫ЩȲס
ȡȿȡ
ճǺÿԼӣûѪҺŷ
ˣҲоϷ̣ε޵ݡ
ĵ㣬ϸˣֻ顣ɵΪ࣬һȭõĳ徢ηʱšۣõ𾢡
½飬£רע
ճæϸϸⷢá
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ȥϸϸо򣬵ʱϸѧϰ
Ƕа
˵ЩŴٴСҪⷽѵǷ˵˵ġ˼ơ
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ǿѹסͷ˼룬ճŴ˼ΣȫȻҲϡ
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Ҳֲรɡ
Ҳһ壬ѧҲãѧҲգ
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ס𣿡
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һʽһʽȭıû󿴵һƬء
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ҪʧˣҲֻһγԶѣҲûʲô
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ת۾ͰʧԺЦ˵
ճһͷˮĸϵʮһ¥߽һ򳡰Сİ칫ңһͷ׵ϰϡ
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ҧҧ촽ЩᶨǾʦгŵɣ
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αأǺǣͷЦЩŲȴǲٿճһۡ
ɫˣݺݰճһۣͳ˷š
ٳŵһ̣ճɨ裬ȴͷϵİ׹һƬӽߣ˿˿ɫ


11 
½üͷһԲճҶӰ칫ڣһֱˮͣ
꣡
ͻȻЦЦúڿ۾Ǽϣڵϡ
˷۾üëЦʦڱƭˣΪȥΪȭԣȡѡ֣ϰװ˷һšѪӵߴˣճ
ճɫڣʲô˷ѣԼѵô
Ȼ˷ѣǲ

ŷӦղŵĻ֮бճ˼˵ճָû뵽ʦôֱʣΪָءĹַȭ˫ʮԸֺСײָ󱲡û뵽δ󷽵Ĺˡ
šѪӵǧСˣֻܹţͽܸһţԪõġ֮󣬰ʣӦӰٽȭôʱ֪ˡ
˵ŻСֹš
ˣӦҶʦЩѾʼżѵӪѹôҽˡ
ճûע˵ЩʲôֻšԪ֣ûС˱ԪʼΪöҩ費ʹá
⡮ѪӵʲôûУŮ𣿡
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˵ġ
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ȥоƬƾоԼʵˡ
0.5ʣ0.6ݣ0.61.3
ճ⣬һﵽ500ǵ800С˼֣ʵڿϲɺء
ͷһȫǺ͵һ۹侲ŵȳŻһæԡҡ
״ӲŪҩȫճһҩӸϵõԡĸ䡱µ⡣
˵ҽãòʵȫҽû䣬ҩ̫ػ̫ϡ١
ߴиӣʦͽԼҲãʵڲóǮ
ͬеҽ໻Ҳƽܡ
޴޷ǾǽҽԺףһ²ȫα겻αİ취

ۣ
ȭݶ¥ѵд޴죬ģΧۡ
һЩͼȭֿеǣô¡
ʮͷСʵصʽȥХ硣
Ǿվм䣬ȭͷ⡢Դֻáء͸˿ֽʶġ֨֨¸¡
Щۼȭܹ汻ȭͷӡۡ
ӲȭͷԴܴл𣿡
վȺΧԽԽĺ
ԭΪܹƴϼʮУڿԼʮжŲƾǿȾԶԶȲϡ
ȹӲȫӲûȭݣ֪ǲˣϣ˰ɣҪȻԻȫǣʵ·һ
ӿѵ֣Щ۵ţ벻ʲô취ճӵһ
Уճǵܣ׷Ҳù
䣬ȴճǴЦݣʩʩȻ߽ȭݣǿŵ׼ϳˡ


12 
ǣϴη蹷ȻһСϣʵǡѵӪĳ裬鴫Ҷûˡ
Щ˵ǡѵӪȭֶǻһ˶ɵˡ
ŭݣһڸϣһƺۡ
ΪС£ûϵ⼸쵽ԷƺһƲ
ΪܣбҪΪѵӪ
ǣճǳ˽ҩֵܴܡ˵Щ
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Խ˵Խŭϵ糱ˮӿð𣬾һֻͻҪ˶ɡ
Ǳŵһߣһư֪޵ʲôҪ֣һжס
סƣһ˵ʦѧȥѧ㿭˹棬ѹȭʦѡ֣һٶڡõǷֲΨһһѵλ桯нˣĽҿɲܱ˦̫ԶһҪõ
ѵճȭʦᒁ̽ģ˼ȥºҶӡǴһأھı۵ĵ·һ󲽡
ڶǵ̾
ȭʦƣȻںǷֲѵӪѹ·磬Ҳȫ޿֮бҪһ300ȭСȷ
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֪˿龰ضΪھٰһ硣
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ƵĹĵôѪҺڣؽͻȻ
һѩ׵Ĺֱϴ룬¶һԲףϯԵһЩǫ̃̄
׹ӳм˺֣һźɫӷǫ̃̄ǣŮʿǣλϺãȭȭʵǵѡΪ׼һʷ׳ʵĸ񶷱
ҪΪҽܵǣǣѵӪ38ҵCȭ8ʤ0֣˳ơǡֵı¾˫絶޿ɵֵһӭ
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ĸߴ࣬ƿҰʱŵȻǰֵľȷ
ֻ˫絶ֲǶֶϽţɥȪ
һ֮ǷںһĨ¶Цݡ

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Ÿոտ˾ǵĽ£վͱ
Ŀȫÿȣֳʮ֡
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͸ѹֲס˷ܣһԱƽˮɫз꣬һԽȻ
˽кǺǷúԶĶӣںȦк
ԳԺַŵرͨ߻ύͬá
ǰʱҲ֪ʲô̼ؼҶٷ绨ѩµΪˣȴȭϲԿеȭһǧȭ൱ӭ
Ǹ߼Աʱ˵Ǿ˵Լȭһ㣬ɫԱ
ŵļҲ͡
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ǣǣǸ߰˳ûӮ׼ûȭѵ͸ʲôһȶʮ⻹ʲôͷרĿϷء
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ѧңԹƳ硣
Ӧǰȭݿ񶷣ɲΪ˿ѵӪȭҫģҪʶһ¸ȭɣ۽磬
ֱֱרɱĲʵûʲôӪԡ
ЩˣⲻǸտɽѧ԰Ĵѧ
ҽˣеСǮôܱȵϺŵϺŵķࣿ
ֵǣ̬Ϊ߰ƺûԼС
֪ΪʲôҪԼùϵ
ߵǵı飬ȻûиԼǲ֪еڶĺʲôɣ
ǫ̃̄˾һڵĻŽܵǵʵͲö˵ˣôʸԵ˭أ
Ļϳճ˫ùݵ۾վǫ̃̄ϲˣƾȭͬ籩㹥ȫ⵲ж
ȭȭݽʱ⣬ר޷򣬺ųûжԸ˵ȭ֣ʮָдǳȭʦľӢ㣬ճһӭ

һʱ侲һᣬкŮŮȻ
ô֮
ΪԿһأȴԭŰˣϵˣ֪ҾͲȭ
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Ҳֹ˷ӦȭݵԴҶ֪Ϊ˱߻ǡ
˼ص֮ȭԲνġظ֡ˡ
ƸٰԲȭֲ룬ƣΪν֮
ۼķӢţ̨ͬ鵰ʵ̫ˡ
ӵºȭΪϷġƸȭ˶֪̫档
漰ȫУǹٷҲ֡
ǩԼĪˡ
Ǹּ
ȭʦ
˶ʧȴûУһ䣬öֱ
ɽѧ԰оȫصţԺΪǿңϲѧҲ
ۿȭˣ˽һȭУ˵ѧĩԵʱܼܶͬѧҲùһԼұȭ
ĬĬڴš
˫۷ŹⶢճӰ񣬺ЦˣƺճܸȤʹˣɹֻȭȵϡѵӪ㿴˫Ķ̫ԶճôǶ֣
⿴ԽЦһ˵ض㲻ͲҪˣ˭ʤ˭ܿģĸߴӮǻǫ̃̄ʲô
һ¾ͺˣȻںһĶֵϱ˱ˣҪȺ֪Ц̲סôΪճӮඣҪǾͶԶʮҶǻʤ
ʮҲõó֣Ҳң
СӿҲ嶥ţԼ󣬵ҵôԱ⣬ʮˡ


13 Ϸ
ճ㲻Ҫţ򷨿Ѫ侲紦ӣá̫Զͷѣû򡣡
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ǰճӽȭͲҪѧƤëͲˣ˸һľϲ
һȥճȫѪڣԪһ壬˫´ɿȻվ̸ʱŲϢ粻ͷҡˮϡ
ȫϣȭճı֣һ˿֡緶
ѹ˾˵ճȭʦᾫӢ㣬Ҫǲ֪ĵϸҲΪ
ճתȦ´ճֱð亹
˵ͿɣﻹСԼȥ
ֱ۵ûϵðɣ۲ŮˣҲǴȣͲҪ˰ɡ
ֵĸоֱĵףȲס˰ճľͷվ
˵ŮСڣԱ߻ء
۾ɳţۣǰ龰֪ʱȥûá
ûҽѵ˲ò˵ܣ֮ȼա
ûнţճоͲˣѡҧøأҪ޵ͣ֡
ˡѪӵ֮Ҳк֢ȫѪӿѾջ
ȭʱȡ۾ģ˫ĵҪγˮ۾ӡ̫̣жɨ衭
˵ûнţ㿴Ķʪˣѵ˽ҩ°һָۣճϡ
һᣬ·ɿ֣ճȴһ
û뵽㻹ǸţҲ㿴ۡոԪѪе鸡ͺáһҶеˣӮǣһῼǸһ㸣
ҧҧ촽·ϴľ˵
ѵճﰵ룬оЩڿʡ춨˺ԶӦǡѪӵǵĻ
ţճˣȻЩҪ̨Ǵ
ϢҴȥǻᶷ־ĥһ̨ͱ
һԵףճһЩͷԼҲЩЦ
иǺ¡
ŸǲճʵЩ⣬һֱɽĸо
Լȭ˾޴νġѹжɣ֪䣬Щڴνˡ
ǵģԺеоƬһ޴ĺôΪѧϰоƬȻǼ¼ô򵥡
ѧʱϰֺ֮
ȭʱʱȫ¼оƬҲѧˡ
ǣȭҪĻϰֻѧûõġ
ϸĥ֮ŷоƬһô
ʶԺоƬУͿԸӰǧٴεϰҲٵÿ
̶̵ʱ䣬ճѧϰоƬѾϰطӽǧΡ
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ĴµĻ̫ۺһ洫УȭͻͽҲȻ
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ȭȥȭ̲̲ʦ
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ҲΪճǸŵԭڣΪĲѾȻȻĶ
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ӮCȭѶõԪֻʤܹȭֳƱͣࡣ
иǰᣬȵñסСȻǮٶҲûˡ
Щȭײȭûʤ̫أһжΪʲô̫Զ
ģճһҪӮˣҪ̫߲ãΪȰɣֻҪǵκġ
ﰵ̾һõѡվʱ̫ˡ
ȭ¡ѪӵѵӪҵȻ̫
ճͷӵ˵ͷġ
½ŵĺ촽һۣĿɨƬɽ͡ԺȴоƬеӰ
İɣһġء

ǫ̃̄ѩϣճۣڵסҫ۵ǿ⣬е㲻Ӧ
ߺǹڷĺУ´¼俴ֱڻ衣
ǣǣ

CȭܴȽճֱּûܿȫֻкӸ֧
ַźʵ˳ϧòҵ֡
ճתŹͷȫѪҺҵ˼һɣֻжһˡ
Ǹ蹷һźɫ̿㣬ϰϸϸĲ
˫ȭţ΢䣬һɭɱεճ
޻ڣĪ
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ָ߸߾𣬴ŵİڵƹرۣǫ̃̄ʧȥֿ䣬׼𣿡
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ȭ˾ǾǲУ˵ǫ̃̄ʧȥֿ䣬ΪĹ涨
Ѿˣ̵ɱˣﶼǲϲġȻҲֻǲϲǲ
ϸĹ涨©꣬ȭҲǿء
ǺճҲûҪɱ֮۴һ涼ûзŹճɡ
ڵһ죬ҪܽȣһСֻȫͷˡ׺ĿճһֻèڿһֻС
ճϱӿɱҲûдκν
֪սǰĥԼĶ־Ҳȥνۣƽˮ
еļ˷ܲûг֣ƺʺվ̨ϣӦƴɱ
蹷ҲɱңˡճֿЦЦ˵絶
һ㶣ַӦֻ̫ٽСĵԼԣ粽á
Ѿûʱ̫ˡ
ʼ
䣬˾Ƿٺˣóǫ̃̄С
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ճ£ηͣ˫΢ʾͼ
ƺΥڱϻһƮͿ׾룬ǵĻС
Цһһרҵȭѧˡ䲻̫˰ɡ
ϥǰȭͷƷ硰ˡһͳճ˳ȥ
ѵӪ¸Ӳƴ
ЦճǸ֪ǡѵӪǿǿȭȭ⣿Ҹ˵Уͻᱻ
бۿߵ⣬ǵ⡣
þĲٶȹ죬ƺһ˫ϥ΢΢ںϣ̽ˮӽȭдʡ
˷ܵĶճͷҲص˵ض٣˵۹㻹ϣ֮ؽⲫҾûļȭűӽȭóǮɡ
⿴ûڿźУ˾ķ֣ճȻռϷ硣


14 
һ׾ţ91ֳųʱܴ򱬿졣
ʹȵʱ򣬾һѴաȻ£ءƿ֮ǡ
ò˵ѵӪǱܿǺһ׵ġ
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ճ̨֮ǰ֪ǵļص㣬оƬǰѡȡҲɨ˽ȥ
ת߳ٵ
ͿԿǵȷҪռʩչȭȻҲһ
һ糤һǿ
һ̣һա
˽棬֮𲻵ָ߱չ
ֳųӳֽűճҪճҪ棬ôճԿ
ˣ͵ﳤ̡ܶ
ճһװ˵ܽǵĻУһҪһȻֱס˾СĿռСءȭŽ
ԽԽƣǺܴȷǺͣǸӲ
ȭͷ赽һ룬ͱճưס⣻ȸո̧ߵһ룬ճδ֪һҲ̧ϥؽڡ
һ룬һ롭
ǸоԼһţƤס֫ôôļ֮£һ°ճһǸ֣ݶ˳
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οԼ¶Цݡ
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Ҫ˵ʵǱǲϲ٣ھȴʤԷ
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һԹأͻȻճҲ˸ֲû뵽ǻ˹һ档
ͷҪ񾭡ҪѨ˵һ¶Ǿ޿ɾȡ
ԣ֮ʱͷˣ
ȻʱͷҲ޿ɺǡ
һ˵ҴҷȴҲ800ճӲġ
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ȭƮ죬ǰԼѹ׵ľ׮͵ѧȥ
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ճһݣš˫·ɣһ죬Ͱǵͷ­š˸180ת
泯죬ӱš黨漴˵һǫ̃̄ϡ

ѻȸ˶⾪һĻˡ
ոΪạ̊́ᷭһ˿ϣͱճԺַٶȶɱ
Ա˺ݲݣԼݲĺݡ
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¹ȻûдţƵ˺һ֡
ճϲЦ绨ճƿסҲѹԼϲãŸ˵ЦҹȻʶˣãã˺һ۾ţŶðͰҽȭõþ죬ܾһȻûӽ档
ճ¸˶Ϊʤ̾ѣҲܿģʤĸо˳
ȭĽҲ˾˭ʤ˭ܣһһѾԡ
һƬѺעϵĹڣʱȫһ衣
ʲôƨѵӪҵˮƽ
֪Ѻעӽˣһڰ
ܱɫףһתȥ

Ц泩ѡսʤѵӪɱ˻Լϳʤһġ
ض٣㿴ճӮ˵ҪãԼĹġղûճõʲôȭɣҾͺĳһ£õȭӽ
յðûع볹ױбˡ
ҪãҪãá
һ㣬Щʧˣˢˢдһ֧Ʊҧгݵ˵ͷҲصȥﻹճӽȭãܺãҼסˡ
һƲЦһ棬治㣬ĶҲҳͷ
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ɱ֮ճȻˣȴһЩǴһȭȴнˡ
ӮǮҿһʵȭȴܲʾ¡ֵǽˣ󱩷ô񡣡
ˣճһʹڡ


15 
ȫǷ
޻ص칫ңŭɶһŵڴд̨ϣһѵ
ȭһ·ѹŭصԼ̣Ҳ̲סˣƽһϴʱܻ
ǡһԱ󽫣ճǰֶΣáǡɱ֮ûϵû˽ȥ
һǡҪһСѵӪľӢҵСȭʦˣӰɾ̫ˡ
Ҫϵرжӡ֣СˣǺ׵һ¡
ڱһ˹ĸݵĽӣһ˿˵
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޵һ۸ݽӡ
п¶ǲ£ѵӪֱӺ磬Ϥ飬ԺǱǱ
Ϊһıʿǲϸģ氲ΪԼĸ֣⡣
¶Ҳã˵ѵӪ߲ĳֹϵЩù£Խϵ֡
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οǷֲҲǡѵӪһ죬ܴճºȭʦķҲΥ潵ȭֵף㱣ΪȭܣҲס
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ЩоԱĸ죬Щȴɱޱǿ˵һ㡮ӢҵһֻֻޣɱԱһֻֻ
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ܣϹȥ
Щϵʮ¥׼ţڴһϵɤ

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ÿμܿƵʦһܰȫǾηһ񣬾ĵŵʦķԸ
ޣ֪ʦ㿭˹ΪʲôԶáһ𣿡
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޾ʳ޶סȫð亹ʦϲŭ޳ǧܴŭʦ֣Ϊ²ʦִɱԵʦΣյġ
СĻش𣺡ǵʦ̵зʦʵǿ

ܿƴЦȴûһ˿Ц⣺һֱСĽȭݱþĳǣҽˣص㡣
ʦЦһʦкãٲᷢŭӹĻشͿˣ֤¸Բ֮ǰ׼á
ܿɫͻһЩѵõ˵СޣĵӺСŵ㡣ܴкֵܶ׷ĶСܻóáһζĵСȴǲеģЩòǵò
Ϊʦ㿿ҵĽ̵ܻ˳ɾͣ⵱ȻҲûǻа˴ֲǡѵӪʵȻӻٷϻᣬ֯֯һ㲻ú𣿡
ЩãȻĸèһ֪ʦʲô⣬Ҳڣֻ˼֡
ܿȴֲ˵ˣƺʲô˵ΰѡĻﱸã˵һᣬΪ㿪ֻһҲʵ߼˵֮ж༸ְա
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˳ȫѪҺڣҲѹֲס˷εȭͷ
֯ƼΪһʲôӦþǵܼ
٣͵ΰգ
ǸСֵһˣ¸¾áɱɡ


16 
ճ֪һˣ֪Ҳϣһʱ仹ء
ʱĵĿԼ룬ӪƷСõ壬ĿǰҪġ
ƱֳһģһĴʮõܹջ塣
һȭǮʵǲʲôȴճʱһ룬ȭֱǿ̫ˡ
ȻҪʤ˾Ͳ˵룬˵Сӵ
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Ҫ˵ҲţΨû뵽СèȻܹ
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ѪΪýʲôģﲻô˵𣬺οоСè˼֡
С˼ֵģɯɯ
ӴۼС컹ǹ߰ɣǻȥСʶ
ԺСèճһ˵Ż
·˾񾭲һ˷ˣһҲ˵ôġ


17 ı
صңоƵģɶǰֱζȭʱһֻΪû䡣
Ǯٶ࣬ΪһôӵĶӣһ㻨ǮҲǺܶࡣ
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ҪϴαԶϣΪ˶òء
Զɽڼ䣬̴ɵʱڣΪԶסζӵĹõʮԪټнǧıڹʣѾǵá
ټ֪˼⴦طǮúܿ죬ʱǲףʮ۾ֱð̹⡣
ضٱǴ󷽶ˣⵥǲأ
̴ɾţ᲻ʮԵ޹ʵｭͬʦ۾ȴǵ֧Ʊβˡ
һ̴ɵı飬ĵϷ
˰ûʶ磬ôֵܵסջһԸѡ߾ȫֵһᡣ
ôվǵסǮħ
΢΢ͷоԼߴ˲٣մɽ߳УȭҲӲ򵥵Ľ𵯹ơ
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ԼΪʲôźؼҶ٣ֻǵƲ̴ɶˣ㰮ǮҲÿвС
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һ㶣ܿΪʲô޷ǿԼ⻹˵
ãѵܸ߹󣿸źӣǸһݽƻ
ӿҲ˼ɣָü˵ض٣ȥԸճҲǲԣֻЩգټӵ㱨ɣҪ


18 Ѫ
̴ѾҪӦˣȴָüһ㵣ǰüı飬׹
ԭŮ˸ոտ̴ɣǻˡ
ճ֣һĲ˳ģǰüǽεδ绰ӣûɵ˼ֲ
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߳ᣬͻȻЩڣüг漴һУҧҧɫţͷҲصϳȥ

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Щʳ˵ǿ壬ΩһĶģǽĻᣬѵĻᡣ
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ճճѪˡ
Сèɯɯ۵ɤʱ˿˿С


19 Ѱҽ
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ЩΣû˵ʵ˭ʣæ˵һóˣˣһЩֲ֢ȴûа취ǻشõĽҽѧ类Ϊشʥ֢֡ڹһָû
ˣûҵֻ˵С˸²ķӵʵûʲôá
ճƵ˵ֲǵʲôСӣĻ֪˵ΪΪ˼
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Сճ˵治˰ġ
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ʱ֣һֻоСѰ࣬ȴʲôûƳ
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20 ·
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ճ£˭ܵȥԣһϸء
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ճˣ˵ܲκСõĲκãԼͰȥҪǮûǮҪλûλ˼ҶûᶯҽΡ
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ȵȣ
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Ϊϴξһﱻ壬Īҽ޲ߣƾþҩ뷨û˾ȻһºǴ飬Īҽ޲ΡĽھЩǱγΪβòعҲһܷͷ
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˭ҪԸңȭݱƺûʲôˡճƽɲ˵ʲôʲôЩһá
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û˵˵ССͣĲôôذİɣһõġ¼ߡ¼ĳʱ顣ʱʱ̵̿Ĵ򿪼أ˽ûӰ졣
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ȻԼᣬճȴӷٱ´ûаԼһӣȫҪϲ١
ЭжҲǰԼ˵˼ˡ

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Ϊ̫ŵͣסӶϸоĶ⣬ȻôԣȴһΣ
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ճƣǰ죬ǰ̽˫ϥ£΢΢³
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ȽͬˮҡڵĺҶǰ֮ζ·ʲôʱ򶼿ȹ
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˭㲻ˣҪ־͹ðɣ˳˴ǮҪĹ򣬻ȡ̴ЦŻش


21 
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ѵӪҲ֪ʲôЩӷ࣬Ǻ´Ͳ鲻ʲôõϢ
˼䣬ͼ˸΢
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ˣСӵʵȭʱǿϲ٣ⲻѧʲôҩúףճˮƽҲڱƵ̴ɱ֣ȫԸ
ȭʵߵȻСףҲԼĺ
ڿȭʱһ⼥ЦΪ⣬ΪܣǶ˹ڹߵ͵֪ʶ
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ֻˣճƺûôױĪǻбʣǺʵүܿ˭˭ͣѵճܷ̣
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һ˵ŻҪүˣҪ˵ǶүһЩ
ЦΪ졣


22 Ϊʤ
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¶ĻһᣬǵͻȻƽϿ˽棬΢΢¶Ц⡣
鳤ճͿ첻ˣǲҪȥҪҲüȡ
ˣƶЦ˵ƻֻճƵ÷أûܷһУʱпܣǰְҵûУ
ǰְҵŶˣǡȫǲȭֽзģһⲻ˵ڵսѾĽࡣ
ƻͷԵѣӦܿ죬ԼСظҵ˵
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ǡԣʲôһƻƤ˰ɣҰһ¡˶ָ
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̴ɻֻ֣˽ճѧȭľ¾ͻΪȻҪ;ˡ
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̴ɱˣһڣͰѺ˸׳죬ֱöһԵĺÿҪѪ
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ҪȶϣǾ˲мÿŹӣǼֱ˹ġ
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̴ɵĲ״ҲЩˡ
ճĳֿԿĴˣȻ֪Լں綼
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תͷ¶Цȥ̴ɣһ˵ŻһߴͳһСذףһͱ̴ɵء


23 
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ƿ̴ɣϱһЩѪ㣬˿ĭЦ㵱ɵһȭʦôΪͽܱ˾۸СӣΪɱͽ֮𣬾Ͳòˡ㰲ĵȥɣʦճ֮һᵽǰġ
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ǰԶսߴ1.4ľ
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ҪúȥߵһºڰףԼٶ༸춼Ͳ壬ʱСΣˡ
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׷棡
ճ˵͹˵绰
ԭصһᣬۡľԶԶһ˽ͳﳤȥ

ĻľֵĹӰžͺ
ƻһСظ̾ã׹Ƭһʡ̫ˣҶΪճ̲סءӰݵģʱŭɱˣΣնɱѿ״̬𣿡
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ƻ͵ĵͷת۾ɻ˵ڷǣǷɣͲʶҡ鳤Ϊ£ȴһķ㣬С߯ص
˵ճɱˣץ𣿡
Ҳ֪̾һ
Ȼճķ⣬ΪʲôԼµأ

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˵ĳ־ͣʮ۾ӥüĴơһ˼ı㣬˼ϸ֡
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־ҲӣЦЦ˵㻹˵ֺֻǸһǴĻӣ۸Ů˾ûĳ˵ֵܴȣ˵԰ˮزȵϡã
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䣬ӳŰƵϦԡ


24 
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25 һ
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䡭
ôӺݺݵһԴճнֱðӡﶼѪһҲʵƴˡ
ǰӰתɫѾ任
ճһֵĵط


26 ѿ
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27 
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28 ԡ
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ܷıаȻʣȴǻһͷѣҲֲȥ
ֻСشճԿĿİĻꡣ
Ȼǳһξʮƣչ黹ǿɵġ
оƬлꡰشճŷ淺ӫӫ̹⣬һΪϣ
ոĴľƺҲָÿһЩ

ϰѽˡ
ճѵõ裬ȲĴӹӽ䷭ò÷ī֭һ֧ëͺʣŸɾĿαֽ
ôʯֽѹϣͿʼĵĶʻ
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ճȫԼıʷ
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ճһҽУеͺʣ޴ʧϮͷ
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֪ʲôʱ˹˺ڱʯĴ۾ģϳķֽ
ļûòɽ֮ΪʣҲûкɽׯֽûʯѪīڰ׺ϵʿҲġ
Сèһ˵Ÿİ֣֪ģճȴĺĳӣȻ
ڨڨЦɯɯⲻǼͷһʱˡ
Сèһʵ
ɯɯôģ˵èһѪо͹һβһøߴϵӡ
ɯɯϽɫë˵ճˮˣҡ
ⶼĸҵģƽʱɯɯκܶ࣬Ҫѧ顭
˵ĸɯɯͳ
ճСè߶߶˵ڼҵӣҲ
оļϣпɯɯ׽ľ龰̼ճ鲻ȡ
ټϹңϡͿСèúЦ顣
ǰʱȫ׶ˣȫûȥ
ȻǵҵķѧʣҪյҹذ¡
ֽͨűīз۳ɷ
ⲻǿѧÿѧȥͣҲͲûˡ
Լ˼άճٲģ׼ȵٳȥ˸

ڶ죬ճڹ԰֡իϺõǺʺһЩƷɰоƻֽ
ʺɰûʲôرģֽҪ
оƬɨеĻֽ淺ŵ⣬Ӧ¾ãʷϢ
ֻֽܹ
˻ԭϣճȥ˻شѡһҩģȥг˼ֻ󹫼ؼҡ
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ϸһ̯ԵĹžС˵Ļ裬Ѵ󹫼ɱȡѪȻҩ
С𰾳ɽֽɣƳɷֽ
ɰҲ⴦
췱ӵ׼ճƳʮŴŵҩɫֽ
оƬɨ迴ֽ˸ĵ⣬ճ㣬ֽͷͬ졣
ܻķֽ
ճ̾ѣʲô鶼װ
ȼ̴㣬ѬȾңϴ˸衣
ԡ񡱡
һΣճһжյ˵Ĳ˿ԽЩҪĲҲ
ָһԳɹʧܲ


29 ɹ
ճһȭ˱˵Ĵܹͣ˰Ԫ
ܶǮҲΪ㹻ˣС˳Էÿ춼ԺòˣҲܳá
ȥիһ˺Ͳˡ
ǸղػѧܹϹ⣬͹ˡ
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ճĲãɰͻ
ҩʺֽճȥһˣǮͲˣֻʣһͷ
Լϰ賤ڲ侫øҪϺõҩŲӪǮ̫١
ƷɣֽǮղٳԵȵ㶼̫飬Сƾʹˡ
ꡭ
һɺ̣һķֽ޻ȼΪҽ
һŨŨŽζƮڿУζŻ
ճյԼԴ
ԽǵʧܣԽʧܣǵڶʧˡ
ŻΪҽķֽճۣⶼǮ
ѵڵŵӶ磬ûô
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ڣŵӣֻҪҲܹɹ
ҲõһŷǾӼɱ·ıرƷ
Ϊ׼ͣشõʿϲɯɯôСŮҲ˵ġ
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֪ʧܵԭȡóɹʵ¡
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ΪвСңճ᲻ɱҪһŵġش
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30 ©
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మʿѡҵ꣬ﲢûèǹû˸˽
رõΨһԭҵùر
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ճһ߽ΪʲôҵãΪùϰξһԭ򣬶ǸҪԭ
ʱλ̫̫ƽԼҳĵãʱ飬˿Ц
Цһ˸оޱȣٲƽϼ۸顣
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ճͷһؾ̫Ҳһֺܿµ顣
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ڴһ䣬ճ۾ɨһֻɫСè䣬ϱ68
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֪ʲôƷ֣۸18ճˡ

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22
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ܸܲ˼˵ֻһֻĳǲҪ֣۸ԽԽãȻ͸ˡ
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һϰ׹ⰵ˿˿ֻ豭ϵıһ׹ȫͬ϶ˡ
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ճǰֻϡƷ֣۲ǰֻơһǿ׳壬Щ˷ܡ
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ճһᣬ᲻ߣͻˣһҪȰĶǮźá
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ԱĿ˲ͱþҲĻǳʼۣȻĵĽ͵
λɣֻǵ߳没һھͿȫתԼ۸ûʲô䶯ġܰҽƷҲȥ˸һǧ⣬ǻ۳ƣκΪֹ
ǻҪʮࣿ
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ţĻǵΪ9.5ۣǺŻˡ
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31 С
ճĿɣһۣΨһĲҲûʲôϷȥгĴһΣԡشˡ
ҿپɣ
С˵һ䣬Ͳͬ˵
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ճѵüôʵҲɵö࿴ۡ
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ŷ˵ȴûаԾָĵë˵ϰ壬ֻɫģȲЩϽġֻëϴһɫ㿪ʮ˵ùȥȫǻɫȥһһֻЩˡ
ϰɫ˿û䣬ֻЦģҲ˵۷׷ס
⣬ּۻ̫ˣûʲôġ
λҲ˵ǹˣܳɽС𣿡
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32 

ӿһȺˣ߰˸һ۾ں׼ˡ
龰ȫ˿﷢飬æߡ
˶иͬϰԣǾϲ֣ʲôط˶һǷСҲ⣬ǺĿǰ̧һֻﹷ
ﱻһһֻСſ棬۾ţϢ΢
ͷһëǳɫģһƯβͣƤëƯ
СϵƯëƤЩطѾ䣬ҡ
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ֻȮ椵ġǰϰأҼǵú
ǰǰֻȮ15ǴݵϰСȥģòС˵⹷ȥã͵˾֢ζβãγ˻ˡ
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СһϺףɫӰЩӲһͲǸԿˡ
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ѷ֮;ʱ˿סһֻɰСο飬椵ĳ谮֪
û뵽ֻһڣ椾Ծˡ
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ϽȥҽԺBŷ˾֢ѳˡ
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ǶǴֻԼѡ񣬾ٲҲǸ


33 ʿ
÷黺һЩҲͲִֻǻЩŲ椡
ȮͷƺоʲôҲĽ˼
÷۾Щʪ㲻ǒˣõȹЩӾͼˡ
תͷ˵ϰ壬ȻǮˣҲҶ¡椵ĲѳѾгҪλƣҽ˵ȫκҪʮԪϣǧܷ
û˵㻯ҲһκãЩŲ˵ԷҲס
֢ҪôΣԼҲһ˻
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һֽǮһֽ裬˭Ҳ˵֡


34 ֮
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ճճ⾰㻭ķôҲûʲôɹˡСè۵ɤС
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ÿһεϣʧù὿պܿ˥ϣûʮ꣬ͷͰһС롣
ճʮ꣬꣬徣ǰԼСŮֻճֶ̣ӺˣԺǵչ˺ãҪκĲ
ȥѾ꣬ճһ˳ңܹκõĲ
ɯɯѣҲܿѾںת
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ƽȡʳӪʵڸ߶ࡣ

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˫֣۾ĸоСӣһΡ


35 ͻ
İ׹壬תȫоѪҺԼһ
ɫ壬ŵ˲ľ㣬ƺԼҲһһݣԡů׳
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ڶ峿ճڼȭҲûȥȭݡ
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ϰǵĸеԴ½ˡӽ׮֮Ҳ˼ߡ

еȭţʵǼΪճᵽе
ÿȭӣվ׮оһøǿ
ǰɳеֻһٽ
ֻҪÿվվ׮ٶȴǷɿ졣


36 漣
÷ԴӰѡ椡˻صγ󣬲֪Ǹоﲻ
ؼҺ;ܾ˺Ԭ룬˯ʱͣŶΡ
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˵ͻͬҶǰǿĶ֡
ͻưɫΪɫһεĸˡ
ǲǡأСè˵ĵڶ


37 ѷ
СèѧԨԴϾǺСĺӡ
ֻĸ˵һ׵ʿܻһ׷ʿܻ׷
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˵øһ˵κˣںܽඣǺǣҿ㣬Ǿ֢˵Ҳ˵Ưһ㣬ȥʴңûɣ

ȺΧһö
ÿһ·˽


38 ҽԺ
˵һŵɫӵŮӡ
Ů̬ţЦºͣƲ۾ǷС
СҲγ鷳ġ
ĻȥտʼܶĳɽСĸ׺ǿġ
ǣһ֮ι˵ʳģҲˣôŪҲ
СĲ죬Թ;ľôһ£
ĸ̱ڴ۾ܹôҲˡ
Сĸ׹ڹܣ֪˶ҽβá
Щҽж˵Բµ˶ȱʧ
ⲡз׽ƶһҵĴ񾭳⡣
˺˷Сһ˻ڼ֣ŬѰҽѾⲡʧˡ
ĸҲ뷨
˼żСʱ£ǻھֻĻᳪɽС˵õʱ⡣
ԸСȻ㣬Ҳԭ
һγ꣬ͼŮָճЩ
֪ΪʲôԸˣΪƭӣΪƭǮС
ҪȻԼ绰룬ûǮʱԼΪʲôң
ƭӵĻ˵ǮҪǮˡ
ճС߽ڰԼ˵ݺݵůһ¡
ŮӺܴ˵ؼ˴ʮ
ճ;ñԩʵҲ㲻ʲô¡
ֻһʱ䣬Ͱѻ˾֢СκãҲѹֱ˲š
ͨ˱סĳ򣬸Ͳ漣Լ˵ٶҲá
С㣬ôְˣĪֲˣ
ճĳС龰֪ײ쳪裬òС
ǰô֪ģʿʲôⶼһۿճκǿǾ֢
С⣬һǰճļ˵
β飬۾һ˶ķϡ
ճҲûϡ
ģҶβһֵģȻҪǰҵҽʹˣЩҲǷǵҽεġҼСʮ꣬ôҲβãҽԺҲ鲻ʲôκˣ
ճС˵
С۾Σκη
κõĲһ޴Ҹճϵϣ˷֮黹ûˡ
Ŀֺ˷ȴҲ˵
ѵһᣬֲԼںһŮˣȻߵ
Сûа㻳ɾˣ˵ճ˵ʵ˵һɡ
ϣ漣ճ˵ģԼĸס
ＤֱҲĸ׵Ĳоˡ
һ˵һ÷Ԭûᡣ
ȻĬĬվڷСߣû˵޵ķʲô
ŷ²֪ΪʲôСǳΣȻڷС󣬿ճ˵ÿģһ˵СƭʲôҾ;֣һֻȥʲôͼıΪԶٹ⣬Ūô¡
ճĵÿģŷµĻһֻӬһŷ˵㲻˵û˰㵱ưͣˡ
˵Ҳתͷ˵С֮Сȥ˵ʵڻһԭǲ̼ôȥһԭȻκȥҿɲǮˣô㽿ĳĻȥҽԺȫ顣
ðȥҽԺɣһֻСҲܿɰӡĲˣҸ߼ˡ
С֪СǲǱκˡ
Ҳڳ꣬ҲƼҽƵϵġѳĸ֣ƷҲǿУ˼١
ıκˣСҲû£š
ճԼĸ׵Ĳء
÷һˣæ˵ϲˣκòˣҪҲҰôأ
ճһ䣬˵ɫҰףز˻
ʱȥҽԺ飬ҪˣҲĬˡ
᲻Сô˻ڶ衣
ףǲ˵ƭ𣿾͵СĲûκõˣǻȥ𣿡
ճû˵ҭ÷Ԭ඼֪ôشǴʱҲЩɻˡ
ѵ椵ĲκˣСģʸͲУڸճһƭ˵ĵ
÷ܹ꣬Ϊ˾֮ҲһǾǰ硣
˵ճƮƮļ䣬ָűҲֵģˣҲܣҸͬĸŮҪĺˣôĲɢҵ
ԬԼĶͷʵڲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ΧҲǺЦεû˾ʲôףճҲΪ
˵˭ãȻ÷
ŮȻ˽ĲСְǳ𣬵ֻСȴû˵ʵذ
ССʲô
˵Ҫ򹷾ճΧ
γкһҽԺ̫Զʮӳ̾͵ˡ
ճ椲Ը֣ȵòе÷ﵹûǰôˡ
ͳݰ֮ģҲ̫øƽϡ
С㣬ԼȥɣҽԺ·ٶܿһ㣬Ҳ˵١
أ
Ҿ͸ſ
ճһ۷С֪֪ʲô⣿
Сƺ÷˻СĲ飬е˵𵢸ˣȥɡ


39 
÷˺ţҵǸҽ
ҽãǸˣ÷С̾˿
ҽԺ˵ҽԺ÷УСҲˣҲȴ
Ÿ˵֢βãҽԺǲ׼ﹷưɣֺαأ
÷Ʋһκã޴ʹ࣬ˣ
ãҲǴƣģûв
ôΪҽԺļˣҪ飿Ҳ˰ɣеˣô죿
ǰãҵȻ֪г֮椵Ĳģⲻҽ˵ѾκˣԲŹ顣
÷ָָվһԵճ鸴ӵ˵
ܰѾ֢κˣ÷ڸЦ𣿡
ЦֽӹСδô顣
ãЦʲô³Ų𣿡
һʮҵҽ˳ȵ
Σ
÷Ԭæ˸к
ΪڿΣҽҽҽóڵһҽԺҪβÿԤԼ
˵Ǻҽѧ̩Ľڵļӣһ˼ܹûиҵġ
ҽҽ۴ʲôʱء
ǮƵҲиʹпܰԼæְҵʿٶᾴ֡
ΣǸ÷˵κ˾֢̲סЦȥ飬κûУ
һ˵һЦȻûµ档
ţ˵κʲô֢
ЩĿճһּۣ÷еСȻ˵ָѳɣǲʹС֪ѹʵھȲˣҲýڰ˳䰡ɲϡͿƭˡ
ճһԴð̣ɲϵҽʲôˣҲ̸񣬼ֱ˵Լƭӣ˵ǲƭӻ÷ֱ𣿻ʮӾͼˣαزȥβõģ֤Ҳβá
ԱЦˣҡҡͷ̾˵ʲô˶УƭŮǮҼöˣǵҽԺӲŵˣȴǵһμæɣ١
Цһͻȥ칫ңоĻ־磬硣
ϾҪҴƭʲôġ
ŷԴӱճǳһֱһԵĸڷСʱʱ¶Ĺâ
ʱǳֵȴûп˵֪ʲô
ճﵽ2.0Ե⡢ʮС
ŷֶͬһȼߣô֪ܲ
ԼûʲôʣԼסʲôط֪˽ͺѼ棬Ҳνⲻˡ
ܲÿ˶ϲԼ
ڷСܲͷܴ󣬲֪ʲôݣ
ߵǿ󣬱̷ȡ̴ҲȥǸϸ˼ɱ֮
ӦȥоƬɨ裬ܷվɵŮŨŨѪȣһǰĸ
ֻһ˻С
ճ²⣬Ҳ̫ķСİȫ
ֻҪСܶŷ»нģҲʲôʷ
Ԭ಻÷ǰңһ뿴
ֻҪճ˵ǼٻҪʼ
ǰճվڵ¸ߵùѪͷһڶţô²
ðɣǰ׽࣬ĿǳúˬǰɣֻҪ֤˵Ļģ⻰Ҿˡ˵˼ٻճұ֤ѾڸǰҪץȥҪƭодϣ
Ԭ޵ķŭ۹ʱʱɨճϣﰵݡ
ճоĿǵһϣ֪ŮʲôͷŮҲûʲôȤֻǾĵȴҽԺļ
椵Ľ״û˱ģ԰ҲģС˵
СҿܲµĲԭˣԭϰ嶼
𣿿Ұճ
СЩסճĸ첲ûӦԼסĸ첲ֻǼ˲İˡ
֪ʲôԭճΣ˵ʲôġ
֮ʱ޹ŮֻԵݡ
ڤڤЩ˼رУܲԷ˼񣬷Сˡ
СһֱԼֱ
ŷӢһֱʿȣʮ㣬һֱʮֲϲ
ճ˼һźˣЦ֮⣬޿ȡ֮ǾУסճĸ첲ĶҲޱȻ
͸ˣһҲ֡
˵ܻȾģճ񼫸ߣܲСĳ֮ġ
翴һƬƽһ澵ӣһȾа棬֪ԸŮôɵģ
˵¾ɵǿôҲ˿еĻСͬһ£ƽ͡
Сʵԭܼ򵥣ֻΪιĳԵ̫ˣ
С£оƬһɨܲ¸ס
ĳʱҲζŪ˼βųС
оƬпһģ
ĵʳʳȻɳۣͷţҲ಻
£ܳйˡ
ճֻֻ֪ˣĶܼ򵥣ֻҪСĳιʳͲš
СȻ˹
ҰĵСһιˣѹԸ衣Աû׷ˣҲŹ֡ҲǼͷöС
Сġݺݡ˵ֻ˵֮ʱ̲סЦûаİƫͷ
ܰܣ
Ż鵥BͼУͷǽһͷײϣɫ˼⡣
ѵСҲ԰ĵ۶ڡȻѾϣյͼƬһģһ۷˰λöһģһϸأȫˡ
ãôˣǲκˣ
÷һ䣬ϲĶҪըˡ


40 ֪
Ͳ̫ѾȫˣСģҲԸճ˵滰
ҪԸ⣬֮һֱɣΪʧ١
ôأϸԶϸǹͨѧûֹ÷ȴˡ
ݺݵ˵ãҼ椱κˣܲǰɣ
ǰǣ
ûعæĿ˵ôܲأ㱦ŮȻ˾ͺֵۣأֵأ
÷˵úϲ£죬鵥ϵݺͼһ۾Ϳˡ
⼸һֱⶫѹЩݴʲôһҲݿס
ԬŵһڷźôСӣϢ
ô˵ԼĴˣǱҲҡ
ԼȷĿǳˣԩˣȥ
÷÷㿴ǲģǧջϲһ
ģС࣬漣ҽȥγ꣬Ȼ椾ͱյˡˣиŮأҵֲС
÷Ӱͳһ֧Ʊˢˢд˼ʣ֧ƱһճУһ˵ΣҽǮ˰18򣬶ĵҽҩˡˣǰԩǶԲǾô˵˰
ճڣ椱ýģ˫ŲȻ΢΢ƺճӦҪȾܡ
С
Ůˣ
ճЩˣҪĽ࣬㽲ǵȸǮ
СȻһЦ
С񲻻ճȻҲ⻵¡
ſ÷ͣĲȥģҲο
СԼһ죬ҲЩ飬϶õҲһ¡
ճ÷ԼҽЦá
ҲûмǺǰָƭӵ¡
֪ˣôô飬ôⶼݡ
Ҳˡ
ûҽʧǵĲʵ
Բǰ̫ˣҲ²ţ˵öԣĿǳˣԭ¡
Ԭ࿴椵ĲκˣֱԼ۾ڱؽ
ǰԼҵ뷨Űƭ֮ԷҪдѡ
뷨ѾͬƣȴһЩ
ճ˵ûЩ鲻̫ϡ
ճ۾ŮҲǸпģѵö˵䣺ʵͦǵ뷨ΥԼ֪ʶܴû²֤ڣǵѧſգ˵й಻Ҳ֪ҿ϶ŵġ
˵꣬ճתҽԺȥ
ѧ˲ţôҲŵһףֻижҲûҪı˼롣
ճܸҽҽķκ椵𣿡
һߣҪһǺģԬȻһǺϸġ
ܵһʱЩ񣬵ѯҪ⡣
ճŲ˶٣ЦЦ˵˵ҽҽķʽûһҽκ椵ֻżȻһŵҷش𣿡
Ԭס
ո˵ճĻָͷû²֤ڣ
ˣճô˵ҲܽһϾͰѾ֢κõʵҽЩˣӦҲǲܻᱻŵƽ˵Ҳ˲ô
Ԭͨ㣬ɷĳճѾߵſڵıӰ˵㣬ճ
Ҳţ
ճЩȻҡͷЦЦ۾˹ŮЩ
ÿ˶ܹԼһ֪ģڷյۡ
ơ֪ϡѶȷǱһ㣬Щ˾ۿҲţִ˾
ȴû뵽ԬѾԶԲһĸҽƣֻ˳˵ѡ
ǽõţдˡԬ໶ϲĶ÷˵
дκ˲ᱻɣ᲻ᱻ˵⽨أôҲģճû˵滰
÷ڸ޹صϣǾ
£רǶ̸˵̸ˣŵȻţŵҲʲôȻճҽʦԸ棬ͰҸΰɣҲٵ鷳Ҳǰ⳥Ԭ಻˵
СأոǸأҿ鵥
һ紵ӰǰһѾù椵廯鵥һɨ֪Ĳȫκˡ
ⲢÿЦ
ļݵʱҲǿġ
ʱʵ˼顣
÷Щӣŵú
Щ㼼ԸʮֹŹ֡
ǰòУѱ˳Ϊƭӣڿʵͱ÷ˡ
ǣǰ˼ҲмһˣЩʲô˭ǣ
÷ǰưͻȻһЩ⡣
Ԭһ߲廰Σˣ̸֪ҽѧ϶Ծ֢Ĺ⣬ҲʹˡʵأճһҽڵһεĲ

衿ԬЦЦĿԼҲ˵ֻһ¼
ǰճ̬ȼΪӣ˼ҲֱˣҲȻ
֢һʱھͺתϸνġβ취鿴˭κõģҽѧϵľ޴ͻƣ֪˷
˫۾䣬Ȼ뵽˿Ĵ


41 漣
ճ
Сճһߣ㿪ŷ£С˵ĸ̱ڴһˣҽ˵֪ͷĴһֱֻܶͺ۾㿴Ǹҽܲκã
ճС˵úƽϸĵĻȴеĲҲļ٣ͬܡ
ǣСҲΪԼʶһҽԼȥһ˳
Լ˵ûиˣû취Σܻᵱεȥ
νϣԽʧԽ󣬸ոռ֤漣ֱ漣ڣ˭ܵˣ
ŷСüеƣЩܾ̾ʵҲûҪܾ
СһƽܹϢӰģ˸Ҳ
Ǻֵ顣
ִĸֹŵĸоˣСЩ۾ճЦ
СҵĻҸԬ˵ĲǼٻʵûʲôҽҽ˵ҷǰЩһηϵʿ뿪ʱҼŷκ椵ľ
ճصİѻвŵһšش˳ָһ𣬷չ
ʼͻɫֽɢһֺгϢҫºǶĿ
СΪճЦȴó˷ŵСſ
Ͳʧ̬æֲ˼ס촽Ƽٵֵ㲻ƭҵģճ
ʵûôţճϵϣַԼ֪
ֻСκãһصҽ֣ճǺŪԼİ
ƭҵҲǲŵģûȥһþˣûۼô˵Ҳš
ճѵõ˵
СĹ衣
ÿδСҽʱǻûʧϣʧ֮вϼ尾СҲĸо
Сܵճ⣬ְѡش˹Ҫ˵ŷں
СôƭӵĻأô£ҽˣڵ̯һֽƭǮǸҰѲĸɣʶѧȨ˹ڣһܰκõġ
סڡ
Сŷָ͵Լճ̸ճܲ˵ƭӣټķüǳ
ŷ£㱻ƭҲҵ£ʲôϵҽҿûⶼ鲻ôβ
ŷҲС磬֪Ůִûõģֻ׺ָճ˵СӣװŪͲҴ绰ץȥ𣿡
ճܲһ𶯣Ͱŷú岽תͷС˵һǸˣҲܵˣ
ŷ֪һڰݣȴôϡ
˴֣ճѾеȻͻһߣԼȴӵúܡ
׼ȷ˵ŷµֻǲֱֱֻ࣬ʵս򲢲ǿ󣬱ͻƺճ̫Զ
ŷڵĺɫϢЩŹ֡
˫ֽӴʱճ֪̽ǺɫϢоԼľ΢΢ЩǾԵҲѵá
ϧŷϵĺɫ̫СԸͨãҪԸճĻͲ̫ˡ
ճһ֣ŷ¾˳岽һǰעճԷС
ֹ֣ճЩˡ
ŮͷԺܼ򵥣ŷвһֱڷСߣ͸ûһ㣬Լ
Ͳһñڣֻʺսɱݺǰ;Ĺ
ҪҪأ
ճﰵֹš
תһ룬Լŷ˳ͻˣŮ˻ԼΪǱϡ
ȫû塣
СճҲǾϲȻֶһġ
ǸƭӣҲһбµƭӣһأһŷء
ʧ̫࣬һݣҲαס
ߵŷǰ˵ŷ£Ҳ˭Ļߣ̫ˣڵҡɣҪȻҾͱץˡ
ŷһ׺ݵĿճһۣҲסת뿪ˡ
ŷµ飬СճЦЦѷֽϸպãŴСó֧Ʊͱʡ
ճæ˵Ǯ˰ɣŷˡ
Ҳ̰Ƶˣյ÷ʮѾ⡣
ʱķҩ׮˱֤
ԷСӡ󼫺ãĸβղǮҲνԼ˻ּܣԺǮӦࡣ
СЦýƻɰҶ֪㲻ԣˣʲô˵ģôնǮҲݡģҸĲ࣬ɲҪ۰
ˢˢʾд֧Ʊ˹
ճӹһüһдʮ򣬻˵Ĳ࣬ԼڶҪһЩ
ҡҡЩҪ뷨Ժ˵СôǮһŷҶЩ˼ˡһʣһšıаشһ㱾˺áǷҷżˣϵҰɡ
ճ˵ķȷǶԷСãȴ滰
ŷһΣԴ֪ΪһֱڷСߣӦòǼ򵥵׷Ůô򵥣бضܡ
ҪȻҲô踺أΪؿˡ
³Ρ
ŷµΪҲԭ
Ȼ뿪ûз˼϶
ֺɫϢȻǾһԷСûУ˵ͻᱻ֡
Сè֪ıаԸ񹥻һֻ֣аٹˡ
СճзҪԼֶһ֡
ƭӵĻǮӦþ·Ȼǡ
ճҪҪȥǿĸ׵Ĳ飬ʲôûУҪյˮ𣿡
СͻȻʵƺôݵġ
ճĶͷ˼˵ô鷳ģչ׼ĸϣһȥͿˡʵɣвνӷͷĿܷ꣬á
ȥﲡûҪˣֲҽȥҲﲻ㡣УɱСšشĻĸ׽ͻתİɡ
ճϸĵ˵÷ǹɆ¾һҽȷʵҲûʲô
СůЦճ㣬Ҳκĸס
˵˼䷽Сʹݳȥˣ뿴Ч
ĸײڴ࣬һ̶Ըٵȣ鲻飬ȴ붼롣
˵Ҫճ͵漣еҪ漣


42 
ճ뿪ȥȡǮ
ʮ򣬶˵һʾ޿
ȥаſһŴʮ׼С㻨Ǯѣһž׼ɹ
οԴִŵĹֽҩҪӿٶȣҩӪôҲʡ˵ġ
С㣬ôǸճһƭô죿˷ֱС˵
Ҳˡ
βֻڴ˵Уûۼ
˵ŮὫŽɣ˳Ψ̵͸š
ǣֻһڣЩ鲻ֱ˵ڣֻòĸСѡ
СĵĿ˵С갡֪֪ĸ׵ĲѾ˿꣬ҲԽԽҲƣ治Żᷢʲô¡ճѵĿĸ𣿡

ЩĿŷСȫ˶Է˼
һ˵˾ʱʲôԡ
Ī˵ճѱ磬ȫǼٵģҲֻܵԡ
СЩ޺޵˵ǸˣĸԲڴ˼СǸҪĸ׵ĲӦûһЩɡ
֪С˵׷ơ
ŷܹ˼ɵĸŷСһԭǷС̫ᣬٷƢһԭȻǷơ
ƵĹ˾ǰЩʱһЩ⣬Ҫϵ߳ŷҾõѡ
ҲǷƶŷŵʲôŷҴŷ¾ͰѷСԼ֮
ȻСȻǲϵģܲסŷµĺƤ
ŷ¾㲻ʲôֻһֱšţ˷ʤ
ƫƫɻ
ĸ֮ý֮ԡ
ŷ뷽С׶ӦˣĸֻҪΣٻС˼綼ܳɹġ
С񼱴ҴҴصԼУＱȥԼĸס
Ҳû˵ϸԺＸһ̧ͷͿվ̨״
ôˣ
С񵭵ʵ
ְֶУԽԽˡưѵһ䣬кǲ
ҪǻǲҪһЩеʿ׽аĸһô޵óȥ
СһˣŷȾʹС棬Լճ˵˸׳졣
Ҳ֪ŷ»˵ʲôݵĻƽŻŮ˼빤
ѵĻĿģĿĻȰԼŮתͶŷµĻȻðͽŷǿô
ͨЩСЦһ˵аְ֣оְֵһֱæԼ⣬һЩĵŮ˲в塣費㣬ҲûҪǮʲôʸҽаְ֡
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ĳ˵ţСĵҲ˵ȥˡ
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Сƽ˭ƢܺãֻҪƣͻ᲻
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׼һ׵ĴҪ˵˵龰žͳĬҲŽȥ뿴СҪʲô
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վſڿŷСڳƣָסɫ׼ģ顣
ҪûκãŮǰɾˣʱܼ޵óȥȵȰɣһУٰҸҽ


43 
պȥĸҽŮͼСһȣ
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ȻͼеĻɫգ׹⣬յòһƬѩ
׹ͬůڿתתһֱ߰봲Ů˵棬ʧ
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ĲԼ۾ʹ౻׹̵÷۽ǣۿ˹ȥȻһСźڻҡ
𾪵ǣŮָͻȻ˶
С𷽺ĻҪ𾪡
ʧ֮Ҳֻ޿޲ɵһԡ
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𡭡ޣС񣬺úӣЩۻ˰ɣóԵġ
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Ůֱ֧ۻЩ飬ѪҺոͨһʱЩ
ҪѾ׼ӴⴲҲˡ
Ŵ쿴ǰ龰˿ˮ֪ǰֵ߸ʶһĻ˵
Լ۾ףԾûб仯ĸŮﱧͷޡ
ԭŮľ⣬Լ۳˴⣬һξãЩҲԼǴġ

뷽СұǧԶһ˲¥̨棬ŷŸ߱ԶʱҵԺӡ
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ҵɵӰСһɽѧ԰ĽʦСѪ桯˱ô֣ңû˵ѧĺɽСֽʽĸһϣҲܴƽȦ
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ŷ֪˵ƻǲܺŪùȥˡ͵͵Ʋݡűȥ񣬿ǲˡ
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ӲѣϡܵȴһɱԼĶ֣ǲҪŭΪá
ŷ뵽ЦݳϿҽ͵ôȻŰաҲ룬ҵʲôϺŮ˿Եסġ
Сķǿٶ˱ʲôãûʲô֮ģֻҪҽ30˴ţûܾȵ
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룬һͷջֱϵĺëȻŷ£ѿЦаվͺãֻܸʱ䣬˲ҾƴʧҲȰɵ˵ûᡣ
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Ϊ˲Ѫսӣ֯ʧ300ϣ˰ɡ


44 
ճλ˽ʮԪƷԭϣϴβһЩ֮󣬾ܹЧʡ
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ʵǿľһаﱻһɨͿɨƬҲַ̫
Сѩŷԣ·
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СѩȻƨɡ
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ճֱͦˡչˡ֣ſڣоܲ


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ǳǶһׯ԰ڣһһźһŰûп
һᣬų̾һڵҲ׷ʵˣôдôдⲻ𣿡
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γ귢һ׮漣¼֢С椣ҽԺΪ֢֮
ŮһϲؽеүүҪôȲоճܰѾ֢κãҲˡ
Сүүϰռ洫ȰԣԱʱѪ½ϣһҽԿô£ɲôҽεġ˵ƾ֢һͬˣβʽǻôģ
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Ҳ֪ǴϢ֪ճںǡȭݡְȭ֣ϻ
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ĿճıӰԹ
ǴαˣҲ˼ţ˵Щ©硣
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ճһһıɱйأһ˰ɡ
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ںǾʱ̫ã̫׼ķӡ
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46 ׶
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Ӧ֪ıɱô£δΪıɱ
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˲ͬĿеƾƽҶӶЩ


47 
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ϵΪǿʢȭʦҶӵĵɫɫҪһЩ
ǸҶӻĸ֣ᱻھڣ
Ҳѧҵķʽʮȣû뵽ῴһ˲ţȴѧãëӵ߹ܹ𣿡

һǴ죬ճûӦʮʲôȣͼͷӶڵĵͷ½ϣһ죬ббؿ
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ȻסҪ俪Ҳûʱ䣬ܵö˵ȲС
һߴĴָͻȻǴ󼸷֣ЬӶſһ϶
ŵһ䣬ڱϻУȥףֱǽǡ
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ճ˵ǽǸɿ͸оǰһͼϵĴһӡСĲƬȥƤҲġ
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ճоƬɨ迪ܿͷ֮ʱȫĺ㣬ÿһɫûþ
Ψһʺͷ˫ƽĵط
ճ˵ȥܹȥҲǻɻᱻͷƴ˫ŤԼ˫֡
2.0֮ҲһЩǸӦر
Ҳճǰܶ㿪һŴĵԭ
Ϊִȼ֮ĸӦͷҪ֮ǰ;ǰò
ȻӲסȷճĲܶùȥġ
ҲһͷһɨճѾоãҪ㿪
ȴûͷһȺأһ߳һƬˡ
һȹϸ΢ĶܵĿߵӶӰճܵΣƵòӲƴþ
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ͷһȹң鶯ޱȡ
ȵ޳ƣ˷ѹһѿ֮ʱճͲٽӵס⾢ʮһƱȡ
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㹴סС˫ǰǽǽĿͷ
ճ׼ӭͷĹƣȴû뵽Էȴͣ
СͷɻĿǱ߳ʵôʮ̷ȣϲȵ÷ںҶȽһɵմɽ̴ɣǸ˭ѧУ
ͷվмʵ˫Ȳˣȫɿ壬ûавճɲôΪ
ֻҪԼһش𲻺ãͻӭĹѵס⶷֮УԼӶûӡ
Ǹ̴ѧģǰĪǡšˣ
ճ˼ݶһˤڵء
ոϲȵ÷ͷ࣬ǽ赽ˣȴȷ飬ʱЩþ
ﰵԾ¹Ȼ˵ûԺյĻʦǿġ
˵̴ѧòҲûϡ
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ţ
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48 
¶βˣ˵û̴ɣ˵ȷǸ̴ѧģҿôӵùȥ
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̶ӣ԰ճֻ˵ѧ̴ɵȷû˵ɱ̴ɡҾ»ϸϸʲźãɵ㣬˵
ƶŶԻȴԼж˻ɡ
˱Ͼȫɵġ
־͵Щ֣ճȥ
üͷ·ǿѹŭʵͷôһɱ̶֣ΪʲôҪճͽȥ
־ͻͷ俴˻ƶһۣһ˵²Ҫ뵱ȻҲ֪ͷɱֻ֣һ⡣ⲻûճСӻ߶أһʮ׺˵ʲô
Ҳǰ˵ǰ﷨˵ɱ̴ɣץ֮ڷȻûûɱˣ֪Ƿ·ȥͲˡ˰ճһͽӿ̫ˡ
ƶ㣬Լ־ƭˣҲץˡ
־ͺǺЦץģҲ㰲ȥҵģ컹˵ճźɱ̴ɣʱ⣬̫˰ɡ
ƶɫҰľվš
־ļ򣬺˵ҲҪ̫ģǲ͵ճʲôȭݣϾ˵ɱˣҲԩ
Ϸͷ䷿ڴдˣ˹үˡѾ˳֣ճҲȻȥҲȲСӡ
ƶɫˣ˵˵ͷѾˣôɵ裿
ͲˣһԸһԸʲô£Ʒ˹ү֪ôͷѧķȷǲ˵뷨⡣

һǽ֮ճ̴û־͵ĻҪȻͲѾĽ⡣
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˵һʱƲ֮±ѧϷ
ܲ˵Լ̴ɱ䣬˴˻͵ѧ˼ҵĹɡ
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ճ̴˵𣬲֪ͷһվ¶һ֡
СʮΧס˫ʮ߳ڰ绨ٿȥ
תۼʮһأͷƮƮأɡ
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֪˵Щʲôͷһ䶼û˳ͻڣǾ͸˵ʮڶš
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̴̸˿˿ģϣǽھȥ
ճԲۣͷɣ߾ߣ˼ɺġ
ɱ˲˼ɣԽҲǡ
ǣµȻˣôܸԽӳȥأⲻ鷳


49 ɼ
ǰȵȣԽðɣǵˣһȥϺá
ճ˵̴Ĺһڷ̫ãԷɵܸͬߡ
Ȼη֮ԵЩԽô߶˵飬ûȥɡ
ӺɷʲôʲôҪʲôҲңҲңô书Ƿ켫ѧ֮Ҫµһ̬С
ճһ
ѧ䱾Լ춷ض˶Ĺ̡
ҲҶҲҶ־Ͳᶨ񲻻ۣʵҲ߲ȥ
̴һʦš򵥵仰䳤ľס
ճһоԼƺЩѪи˳һЩ
С΢̬һ仯Ѫͬʱ˳
ճ˷оƬɨ裬֪ԼѾﵽˡ۷塣
ǰһϡĤƺһ¾ͻƣͻµľ硣
ѹЩﶼ˵֮Ҫеġ
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˷ܵĸоոճ䡱һ죬ȻҾҡ
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ճѹͼڷһʾʾԼ䷿龰ԼͷӰһš
ڿԼͷԼء
ճһŭӿ
ţͿվмҪǹƺ̴һߴǽڴֲɫʮֻš
ǹ
̴ȲߣשͷǸ°ɳ
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שͷྡྷδϡ
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һשͷаļͷӹǹֱۻֱϡ
һˤǾһȻ־һ³
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⡭
ճ̴ס֣ͱţ˻ûӦ֮ǰͳ˾ִš
ལɱϮճɱԽˡ
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ճˣܱôʱǿսɱСҲȻɱαҲʲô
ʱȥִɱô
˵˹ͬ·ʽȻҲͬ
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ʶ˾Ϊһ֡
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ճʱʶ̴һ֣˵˾˹ӱһŵĹ̵ʶ
ͷ·ж̫ǿˣֱ˦Լְ
̴ճ˫ܳ˻Ӱ
ճֲƣٶȱҪϲ٣ܳһЩ
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ڽֵϣҲ񱨸ټʼûѾ׷١
ճ֪ԼʲôҪͷһܣҪҲˡ
ľѥһš
Ȼٶܹ˦ѵҪ˶ãָ
ΪճԽϮɱˣֻҪճͣͣӭпܾǹ
̴Ҳ֪ʲôԭʣճߡ
һֶţճֻҪһӿ̴ͻΪǵСӱȾͻ֡
ͷƢΪŹ֣˼άʽͬ˵˵ͨġ
ˣճҲֻܸˡ
ճ뷴ҲȲ̴ˣȵлߡ
ҪͷעתƣҪ°ϴȻ̴ֻҪһֻ֣ᱻ׷ɱ
ʱֲǣҲãһܴ⡣


50 ׺Ե
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СѳͣڲԶҵõʱѾˣûճӰ
ش˺ܴãСԡıаҲ
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ץʣǰðɣץǷΪʱͲġ
ճЩ磬ͷڷĵ·ԽԽԶҲûʲôĸطûӷɵķͽ
ԼҲЮˡ
;ͷɱˣ˵û룬˭Ű

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֪±ۣѾɱ֣˾죬ͷҲˡ
һҲûɱòá
̴ۣճһֶ
мѣܸһģ
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ͷ͸ɭɭɱ


51 ޵
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ӦɫСǹָţЩڵǹΣգɾ˼֣˵ǹָ˰ɣûھŮ𣿡
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ӶǴٵĽŲȻֽׯ԰Ӧ׷ںľԱ
ճǿҲࡣһ˸кλķѻţͽǽǿ


52 Э
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ҪǣɱˣԼǲ޹ģᱻ˺ݺݱ
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СӣϷɱľСӣ
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ֻһʿˣ۾ͷų⣬һȣһ̣һ߳ػӰ˿
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㲻оƬɨ裬ǿĳǿ񾭷Ӧ̴Ҳȥ
ǰĶ־ͲˣʿִһŰ׹⣬͡žһһֻӬ㱻˳ȥ
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Կ˳ϿҵȰ˵ϣ̴ɱ⡣
Ϊ´֣ԿҲǰпࡣ
һ˹Ͱİȫֹ¹ʷȴû뵽顣
Σ㵹ܵȥˣҲ¶ʦҿɲʲôӰ첻Ӱ죬ֻ֪ëӵңͱ븶ۡ㼸ʱšѧЭģ죬ˣ


53 Ƴ
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ͷ˵ռϷ磬Ҫ˰æ
ɱˣԼԺô죿
ճǹһ˵ôᣬлСҪչˣòԽԽ̴ܱ˺ģ
οɱ˹ӣľһѶѵģôӵùȥ
ճߵİ˵ͷˣ˵˳㡣̫Σգ㻹Ƕ㵽Ǳ߷ȥɣĵģ
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ʮֺҲܴô˼һ䷿Ҳжӵ
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ĿճһۣЩм
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Կȭͷÿ䡱죬·һ̨ڲ֪ƣĺըҲȭ÷ϸ΢Ļ
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ֹֽͬ裬Χ̴תתȥȴǲǣơ
ⶼûʲôá
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Ⱥʱһʱ糤ǹ
̶ʮ벻Ӱ֮䣬һȾɢԿ˵ȭӣӺ󵯣߲ͬӦ̩ȭֻһ߿
Ȼȱһƿ̩ȭֵ˫⣬ļ羱ߵһͷԵʡ¡
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ԿɫѪ죬ո˼һ᲻ȫ·ɢ˼ܣһѪ¸Ӳӡ
Ҳ˲ûס˹ˣæ֮һ͹ǽǡ
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ˣЦ࣬Կ˲Զˡ
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Կ˵̴ֻܶһʱ䣬žװľͳǹٶȺܿ졣
Щ˸û䣬ֱӴѷƿء
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ǰΪţ֪ܲܵסôӵܶˣɱ𣿡
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ʱս׼
Լʱ䣬¾ʹӸΧ򷿼䣬̴·ߡ
ôˣķڣ̴ݣҲΡ
ȻԼʧȥսҲ˾ƣ̴ɱ˹ԼҲӲ
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ԿҲ˰һĴΪһоƿ֮Сȴûϵӽ֮ǰӲɱִ¡šĻϷˣôЭ
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ճоƬɨ֮ӦһǹҪһ˸Σա
ʦִƾȻĿãҲܹģӦõ
ģײʱΣ
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̴ܲܶӵ֪ԼȴҶġ
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ͨ˵񾭷Ӧ̫Զôǹ׼ҲаЩսʿǹͬʱӵ
ӵٶǺܿ죬ָͲҪӵƴٶȣƴǿǹָ֮°ٶȡ
һսʿ°ôҲ0.3롣
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ڵʦֲ࣬ÿ˶Ҳû˭Ե޹ʵĸӿϡ
ûָָǹԾҲûѭ´ľЩԴҲ⡣
Ϊûκôǹ֮ӵ
ճȴ֪ʵ鲢ˡ
ЩΧʱĶͼ˶Էǹʱ䡢̴ܵٶȣԼĿԡ
оƬǿ󣬸ͲҪãһ˲岢ҽģ⡣
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ĴΧ̴Űٷ֮ʮĻ㿪ɱ˹ȻӴ롣
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һʵ
ҪԾȡ
ǰ̴ЮûзԽŪԽ
˼ɹ֣ͨΣֲҷȴûϵƻԽԽ


54 ǹ
ճﲻʡԼǲˣ
־ƵķԭԼˣңðȫ
ܵ˾Լ¡
ճϽ˹Υ·һһΪ飬ȡԿȵ
ǽȥε˾ɵȱǰ͵Ϸķ䣬ȥֻҪһǹӣұ֤ɱȥ̴Ҳ˵
ס죬ʲôûɣɱģ˹ҲҪɱȴɱˡУЩǹ׼ңҪɽ𣿵Һ۸ճһԿһ˵
ܲͷ˵Ļȷģ˹ȷܷţ֮󣬴ǹû˹˼ɣῪǹ
ճ˵˹ǺҪǧܸɵ°
ҵҪ˷ǹ߳Ͱˡ
ճӦ߰ǹʱȻǹ׼ԼŭԽԽ
Ȼ
û̴жٶȣôΪ
ʾܷţճһ˵Ծ
ԺﳳµԽԽ
˵ʶͷȰ֣ɡ
һ
ճһ߶ţһ߹ע״ݴѾϵķ֡
ճ棿򻪼ŵĺҪһϢ̴ֳúòǱճɱģ̷ġ
סڣ
һȣƺһͣ˺ȻǱ˴ˡ
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ճ˵ͷһȴһ
ȻˣԼġԩȻϴ壬Ūⲻˡ
˿ȴߵΣա
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ͷŭģ˫ͨ죬΢ͳҲǹ֧һճԴ˹
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˾ɷޱȵ̷ܹѧᣬοô򵥵ǹе
һĺͶ̴˷
ͷʱоƬҲĿ·ߡ
ϣߺͷӦҲϣȻȭŵסǹҲҪ
̧֡žľһǹǹٶȱ˹ʮϵȻ
̴һȣӵüġ
ճֺȣоƬǼӵͶԷٶȶԱȣԼֹĽǶȡ
һǹ̴붼룬ֻܡ
һߵһ˻ȥȻճ׾룬

ǹ
飡
һ˹ʹһԿ˵Ĵ
ճǹ˿ǹ
ǹͣȫ룬ֻճŲӵ˹϶ѪһҼ磬һȣѪ
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ƶϣճͶ㲻ǹģôûǹǹˣ
ǹȫԿǹֹԷġ
ճǹȻ̴ָЦ˵ǰ˵ͽǺСģ϶Ҳš֤ݣһø㿴
λսʿʱѾҿǹ´ʣҲճɱˡ
˹ǹԿҲû̫˼ɣҪƼˣܾƣҶùˡ
ǹĵùƻȥҪд飬ܵش֣һˡ
ͱ˵ЦˡǺǸͨˣôɱɶҵС㣬͵ѧһɵմȷͽԭΪĴȴԭͦĺǰ;
̴䣬͸ź⣺ҾټʶһǹΣܷ񵲵סϷɡ
һ̴ĶߣŵȴְС˼֣濪Ķۡ
ûǰƣȴ˼ء
ͷսɱģԸǹںһ֡
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磡
һǹճޱ飬վﶯƾ̴ܸ߷ͣ۽Ƕûգһ¡


55 ȭ
ǹܺãôǿȴþˡ
ﶼһȭͷСĶڣ̴ҲӲһǹ
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ֻҪǹͷͲС
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飡
̴ı㣬һ㶼ⱻճˣֻһĳߡ
ȻЩ㵽ҲЩɱճΪͽܱ˼ȴᶨˡ
Ȼô׺ݣҲɣճеǹͣȴǰľòĴ㡣
Ϊǹӵûˡ
飡
һӵ̴ʱ΢΢һӵţ˺һָͷСĲƬ
Ӧø˵ճȴó
ûӵ˰ɣǹЩ˿ɾǿ̫ˡۼӽӣҶΪŰԴˣǵĵϵӶûôǹ
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ճӵٶ༸ܾ͵ÿǾʹߣȴ¡
ûӵǹһǹӦٶȺͳٶ̫Ͷ첻в
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Ҿ˵أȭӿɺõúܣԭȭһıŮĽ˸Ů
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ɶճģ϶֡οСӻ͵ѧɵմȷŹǲܵġûõĻͲ˵ˣҷĹ˵
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ҪڴˣϷ˵þʹ˱ᣬȭһֵŴúܣʦСѾͷΪҲ£δ̫Դ˵ɣһȣ
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žžžž
ͬʯվճǰһ˫ǰϴ²Ȼס̴ʮȣû¶κ·磬ճ档
ֻǡΪоƬɨҲûͻƶ߱ΪɫֿɱȡڵԿǿ̫ˡ
̴ȥе㷢ȡ
֪ӽȭֿþˣƴٶȣҲһܰѾͷ򵹣Ըıԡ
һ̴ȷһ䣬ȡ䡱죬ȫ
ƺһȡ
һȾһɫ޼֣֮Ѫˡ
̴Ҳǲܣǰ˴ãּճġǹܣķѹޣʱѾԼԼЩ
ѾͷҲ˼ˣټһѾˣɱճ˹ٲ⡣
ǰһǹȻûճڣûǹճһ̲ˡ
̴úܺʱճˡ


56 
ճ˽棬һûΪ˲ܶоƬɨ˵ȭʽ
ǿ󣬿ñ̫࣬ʽͬʱҲ˹ˡ
ʵ˽ʮУճоƬоģ˶ּǧˡ
̴Ĺʱףʱˮ
µȭȴǸɴ࣬ÿһжؾͬʱӣ羢ϰſס̴ȹ
ճþˣԺһƬȻ֮䣬һ
һоȫѪȻһĸжͷ
ÿһƤÿһë׶ܿԼÿһ
ǰˣ
ճϲޣһͳսš
ˣճ˿Σա
ӽȭ̷ʮϤ˽ֵĶоƬɨ¸أ
оƬļ㣬Ԥϵһ̴šٴȹ£ٵסһУֻҪˡ
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ӽ·سɴ磬һϲȵ÷ݵ֧ȡ
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ȵٶȸ죬֧Ƚֺˡ
ճƺϵжһϲȵ÷ƮƮûз
ߵ;Ϊ²ȣšһȭڽҪ̴Ҫջصϥִ
˫ش羢ˮ͸಻Ϣ
̴һȭԾ׸ߣʱһģͷ飬ʹġ

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ⷽоƬİ£ճѾˡ
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ճЦŰǰһ٩٩̸ֻע¹ϣҲδ̫С˰ɡȻûǹҲӽȭڴ˰һǴȭܰɡ
Сӣ㹥ҵľ˴ܵҼУѵΪƾСͿԴңΪԷһȣ
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ѻǹȫͷ󺹣һǹҿ
ܶʽٶȣǵķӦ񾭺ȫϡ
⻹ôУҲֻο̴Զȥ
ճ̴ȥ̾һ
ѹ˿˼ɷ⣬Ҳɱɱ֣ôʵɱ㶯ôƲҲߣɱͬһεĸǣƣٶǹΧ޴ˣҪֱľ̸ף
ճ»ڸǯһֵ˵£ͷѾܣٰPOSSˡ
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ҪǽŴ̴·ֳĽ߸߰һⶼûУ˵ὫǼȫ


57 ʻ
ճ½һ䣬ƺͽԿˡ
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ľҲɢȥ֪¸˵ʲôҲûճ鷳á
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Ҫ˰ɣճҵҪ˵ҲȵġҪʹֶαǸͷǾΣˡҲˣǸͷͲǼǹܹԸġ
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Խճ˵û˹ԽǲȴҲֻš


58 ϡΪ
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ճҲûҪͽʲôҲûʲôҪүͷϣֻ֪˵˹ǸģΪѵԭǹˣȻûʲô󰭣ΪֲҵĹʧͰκðɡ
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ȻҽҲþһξ͹ˣҲʲƵŪСճﰵš
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ճ룬ҲԸѻ˵̫


59 Ѫľż
ճΪ˹ѧȻģܣĳһҵ˸ˣҲΪԼ˵˼ٻ
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Сè֪ôҵġ׹˾һѧϰоƬšԭˡ
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Ұľżӻȥ֮ͲˡϰҹҾ͸оȫģƺʲôԡһͼֻľżſҵͷϿң˫ۻѪ


60 ۾ƭ
ݣ
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61 ѧж
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ճоʮ˫֧ţ֪ôˡ
Ů˵飬ȴûӴ뷴ȥԱȴЦĿţǲ˼
ڰֻǱһᣬɿ֡
ֻһڡ
ճһͬʱЩʧ䣬뱻ŮӵĸоͦõģҲпȡ֮
գжôˣ
ѾûˣܵԺֻһͨˣôͽˡճ赭дĻش
ʵϣƷɵķɣԶ˵ĸء
жľ񺣱ƣûˣҲƻѾɥʧʶ
򵥵˵Ѿױһ׳գҲ̸Ϻˡ
ôжճҲģʡ
һһ룬Ǯƣ֡
жǲб᲻Щٿǡ
ȻǮ֣һЩ飬Ǳеķա
ճ߳ʱǺġ
һδӱؾֿʼһֱ˳˲ĵ鷢
󣬽ȴǺܲ
ȣһʴǮܹҩ⣬ܸԼеƷʡ
ڹҲͻ˰ﵽһȫµľ硣
Ľֵø˵顣
ÿһͻƲʵõʸ˲١
ȻһջǾߴ2.0ľ֮أѧһо
дô߼ȴʵãֲԵֶεһհס
˵ʲôʱϴó
˹һЦеճ뿪˸ȴܿĺܲƽ
˹֪һֱǺճƳȥӵ飬һЩԹһȰɣҪشһ㣬ô˵Ҳʵ𱨵飬ǾԲġ˵Щ
ôܣҵ˲ȫҸûǺСˡ
˹ͷæԼĵ뷨ɲ˻ӡǻô׷
Цͺãʶգջ񣬿жҲǺǴ
˹񲨹תͷԶճıӰĿЩ
òҪȻ
տʼʱ˹ǼǺճǹճֿʼߵŮϲϱˡ
˵زʵû˵


62 Ű
һλڱſڣճ߳š
Цݵӭû߽֣˵ճǾԲˣûܵʲô˺ˡ
ǣ
⾯ٽüۣĿ࣬һģ
Цºȣճǿѡ
ճЩ֣ѵµѣ
һС˵Ǻɽ־ӳһⲿתҵġư׺һ֣Ǹԩĸӳ־Ҫǿ̫࣬˵ȥʡףô
ûУҵһμ
ճĵĻһ䣬ǻɻĸһ˵ڳ̶ӳ飬ҺܱǸʱ̴˳̫죬ҸûüʵҲû취ġ
仰ճ˵ٻˡ
סģǲҲûҪ
־Ͳ֪ʲôԭ򣬴ԼԼ̴ķ䣬ա
̴Ʊڶʱ򣬳־͸ƶǹ̴ָҪǹ
Ϊ֤־Ѱ·ճֻϧ˲Լϣôܻ־
ʱ˵˵Ҳǿˡ
һȴ⡣
ˬʵ˵ֵܲھΣ̸ӳ˰ӣǻ׷ļ⡣ΪЩʹ˽ҹˡֵֺԺ󾯾ٲĵطԮְ
ճЩȻһҲ̫ԼˣôھҪԼæ
˵ԼЩڣûйڣҲûиոʶϸȥĵ
ȴǷˣһˣճѾҵˣͱǽˡ
¶Ц⣬˵ĻɱȴǺܾˣճߣ֪ôشźá
һһ£Цճ˸Ĵָʹ˸ɫ˫ص˵ֵôҪ˴ҴǰܷССС˵㱻־ʹ߲ԽɱˣļòУҳûϵȫҲ֣Ѿˡ
С񣿡
ճԼǸڡáǰԼᡣ
СûȵԼӦǴԼȥ֡
ѵԼˡ
ˣзֽûأ֪ŷ³ûУճ¡
գѷСˡ
ŷ¸ڷСʱ֣ܶ¿ɵץ
Ŵ绰ϵСһ
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ճɲؼҶүûв´Լ׽֣ӦþļŪĹ
ڱʱҲСлԼ̴ɣӶ̴ɱ
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ͺá
һٺ뿪ˣƺ˾ǽһЩϢһ졣
ճܸо龯ԼԼЩֺԼ֪ǲǴ
һ̬ȰɣΪʲô飿¼ճЩɻһЦӯӯʵ
ճ˵ͷǾӳֻһոְСȭ֣ûʲôǣôô飿
ǵ԰ûӦԼݡڱ̴ţƵȥôһСȭ֣Цеġ
ǲæ𣿻Щڣ̴ֻƣʱ߰ˡ
ճ°ѹͷŵԼϣоѹе
Լ̴̫Զֳͷɵá
ûʲôô˵´´ԼȥԸָ֣Ǹô죿
²ͬ˵ÿü˵ճ㲻֪ƻʦڹڵĵλͨ˵һ޽⣬ǹҲһܹˣǽ˱˵ƣҲ˲ˡ
ԴǸʦԳ̱ΧС֮ͬУǹ˾ͶǹеΪ壬иֻԼΣ֡һЩʦ֣רϰôԸ̴ִˡһˣǹҲãԣ㲻ҪСԼ
ԭǿǹı죬ѵûǹвʦճЩˡ
ǹֵȻУҲֻܱ֤׼ȴܱ֤ÿ죬ԤиֵжǹҲֻܴ񾭷ӦϰˣôÿζƵ̴ܵģ㿪ǹ
ŨŨĺ棬´ճȼʱѧӽȭʵսҪȤѵܡ
ճЩȻ
Ȼ˵Լ̴ǿ̫࣬񾭷Ӧþˡ
˵оƬɨ֮£̴ȭԼȫܣͿѧˡ
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񾭷ӦٶȺԤУһǹ޷ﵽģճȫС
ԭǿҵǹǡⰡ
ճ˵⣬ȴЩʧ䡣
ȱ˻ǹʲôֵýģҵĿͲ֮屾ǿʲôҪ
̴ʮˣ͵һͿֻҪúãٻһʮҲڻ¡
ͨ˾ʮߵö㲻ˣ̴ȴ˻Ҫ𵽵һĿȻ
ԼӦ׷ĵ·
ʦָ͵λô֮أ񲻻ʲô羰
ճЩʧ䣬ЦˣˣһĽ츳ء㿴̴ôΧû˵һ㡣㲻һǹ󻹿׼һţ˵ˣԴǱƵֻ룬´ѵõսˡ
֪Ҫ汾´֣ܹܶߵøԶοҲûǹĸ֡ԺҲСĵ㣬ò׵ˡ
ʲôˣ
ŰԴˣⲻһˣһ塣ں󣬾ǹٷҲǡºȻʲôɻĿճ˵ҲգĪǸʲôǣ


63 
»ûճش𣬾Լϵԣ԰һϲͨǹַǲһûвӦûйϵ
ȻûйϵǹȡģʲôƼǣôԲǹȷǺŵ뷨
ճһԼˣȷСˡ
ϰ񾭷Ӧʹǹȷͷۡ
صһ룬ԼֳǶôˡ
ǹ𣿡
ܣмɵģҪʽǣܹȨ²֪ͳһѾµɫǹ˸ǹ
ǻ˰ɣճһ£Լܵסˣָ£ȷϲ
һǮǣȥΪĳߵĿޱҪ
ȵɣȭֶˡ
һǲˣܲ˸ּɡ
ճЦЦشҲǹˡ
ЩʧҲûȰ˵
˸־ճҪչԼãҲȱǮҪԸء
ҲǲԺ˽飬͵͵Цˡ
ճһĻ㣬ܾܾջ𣿡
ʲô
ҲãҲãĻֶΣȫΪĽԼǿһѵĵ·˳֮ΪɣΪΪħǽĳɹ֪⣬һݾص˵
ָС˵ⲻǼٵ𣿡ճԾʵ
ʣûĸ˲ǵصС˵ӵӰﶼ˵
ܵǾ޴ܴա
ģ¿ճģЩЦһôһ˫۷ˡ
ȭνָˣҹٷյֹȭһ
ҪôճЩˡ
ֻΪûֵȡĶǿϣǰ˭ܷŵ¡
ֻҪһᣬоƬ֣ѧñȱ˿죬ñȱ˺á
ܹо޴ĺôĿǰǣһ֪Ҳ̲
˭ҪͻΪʦÿ򣬻ǰ˵顣
ǣΪմӣôԼĵôڳ
ѧϰоƬҲֻܸһܺõ𲽣һƽֱ̨ǿ
ִΨĵĶɨҲá
һᡣ
ɽ֮ʯԹ񣡡
֮ͨģܵõԼĸֻԣڹȡͻơ
ܷŹ
¼ճıڱˣЦ˵ȭݵȭҪ꣬Ҫȡʸ񣬴һֲС
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ֻƲɣȥĺȭ֮ѵӪЦ󣬱һϵȭּ򵥡ǫ̃̄ϴǣǿ϶һӣεĶ־Сӡ˵£ºüͷ
һСĵģɲ﷭һҪȡ˵Ľء
ճЩ⣬ͻ˰ܱӦò뵽Լô죬ĶҲӦò̫ǿ
ɲСѵӪǵΪпᣬЩ˰Լ˻ϻԶԶȲϹȴǴﵽ˶塣»톪ţ
֪һģҴ⣬˵ôңǲϲˣճЦʵ
ϲͷЩ죬ȭճæЦǺǵĶ
Ц䣬ͷֿˣճȥҷСǷ˼һء

ӳճǾæԸĳЩ־ˣǹ
ľ־Ǹͦ꣬һʮֿĶԴճ̬ŵúܵͣЩɻ
ӦҲΪǿճȴǲ´ˡ֪´ˣôˣ˵ҲûʱȥһھϣЩε˵
ȻˣΪζճôô˵ǴӾɱ˳þ˺ô־߷߲ƽĵ
츱ӳ־ͱҵ̴һשͷΪͨ죬δЩҲճڳ֮˲
̸ӳԼҲֲñˣɱ̴ճûʲôϵһ־һۡ
֪µ˼Ƕ֮õĶúء
ٹһЩ꣬ͻףⶫʵûõģֻʵʵµ˲ܳͷ
̴ǶԸˣ´ȥͷ۰ɡǳΪ˶Ը֣ҵרճȴһģǹ棬Ҫ֪Ūβ֢һ֣ǸһЦ
˵괫ϢβƷ磬ôƵϢӳҲţ־תͷȵŴ졣
濪һȵ־Ϊ˻Щëڣ˼άҲ̫ţ϶Ѹı䡣
»㣬Ҳ˳֡
ҡҡͷ˵־㲻ףһһۣ˵ٻ˵һͷϷɣҲŵġκ÷Сĸ׵飬ųɾŲм١
һʲôõͳƷÿȵͬʬ⣬Ҳˣҿ۰õŷɥġ桯ֵȪҲᰲġʵû˻Լ
һ˵ȦͺˣƺһսҲصǹڵĺ


64 СΣ
鱨쳷
ˣߡ
ûӵˣ˻кܶ࣡
Ϊұƴˡ
ƴˣ
һսһϤ˹ٵͬھ
ƷѪ˫ۣһѾ̷ɱУͬɱһ㡣
ٶ˱ɱֻʣʮˣľٲ׷Ʒ֧սǿļ⵶ȴС
ʮһ˵ĶľֻˣһƷűɱġ
鱨¼׷һС㣬ĻĺȴҲҲƷҪû취
ΪԼԭŵ¶̤·һֱÿ춼Σ˭Ȱûá
Ҳһ꣬Ʒؼң
һҲתҵѪ桱ӳ׳
־֪Щ£ֻһ죬ȴ֪ƷǺˡ
ӡǾһˣž񲡣ÿ֮Ŀ޺ݵƤǡ
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ӳƷǸǲɣġ𣿡
־ͣһ£ûѡ⡱Ļ˵ڣҲĲҲǾϵļʲôҽûʲôô
ΪҪ̫ϣźã¶ӳʱʧѹ
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һĿ־һ
־ͷٲҶ໰ȴǾöӳЩͿˣͽСҽɡ

С㣬ģҰ㡣
ճ·ֿ󣬾ʹ˸绰С
ԼµϢǵæɲС
ֵô׽ٶȶΪṩ֤ݣһæҲһܴԭ
ԷСæճЩж
һıɱǺ̴˽Ѱ𣬷ľ׷ԽϮ飬£Щ˵ġ
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ҪˣԺգںһĶֵҲȥˡ
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ճû°ɣ˵Ϯɱ˵ϢɵˡôҲֻϢģͲµǱСԩˡСͨ绰ճǸˡ
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ճﳵԶȥ죬û˵ʲô
ǿȵܺңճѳͣãð׳̵ٶܵȵſڡ
Сͨ绰Ѿȥӡ
ճļ٣ôʱ䣬ϣ黹Ȳźá
ȵõǲɫһ˴濴ǿ龰ģճԡ
Ͳÿ
оƬɨ򿪣ͼյŻ棬ԱһְҵװŮڵأԲѡ
мӱˤϡãһҲһԡ
СվڴԱߣɣҡҡλεġ
һֻۺɫֻĽűߣˤꡣ
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ֻС̽߰׹⣬һ֮£Ӿͱɷĩ顣
ϸľм׷ɣ桢ǽϣӡǳǳĺۼ
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ճֻоһлԲһ壬β
ŷĸ򿿽С񣬶Ҫһ
СʲôʱȽоƬɨ費ġ
ڷС˽һǣоƬĲͻȻ౶ս֮ǹʧ١
ѵ˵ճ뵽ʲô𾪡
ڲоʲôʱ򣬷СѾΣ֡
Ȼ۾Ծãһ֪̫ѣղֻǱܲΣճ
ŷȻɣԭӦǷСû뵽ͻȻϮôķʽ


65 ջ
ŷ³һһҲǰ
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ճһЦǹϧûˡ
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ں߱УԿ̩ȭ̴ֵһʱᣬȭһʮȭ
ȭƸͣȭ򱬿ȭͷǰЮǹϺ÷ţʽճôܷŹѧ
̩ȭֵͲֵһˣֻ˽С
ѧȭ֮ճԺоƬϰΣ˾֮Ѿ
ʱ˳ԿҲضá
ֻճվڲǰһȭȥȻУǽ˲仯һƬϸ˳ھȥȫͣ½Ų
ŷҪǹú
о䱻죬۽ɫشǵķԼ˹ͷ󺧣æȥ
Ѿˡ
ճһȭ鲣ǽƬ֮Уþͬèһܾ͵ŷµߣϡ
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㣡ɫЩȻӦȴǼ죬кâһճ˫ۡ
ճâǰһƬǽĿ̱ΪһƬã󺣣ԼƯڴм䣬ޱߵľ˾ҪԼӿ
ߣճһһȥâ·ʲô
ŷһҺڵϣжȫӿѪſڵҲͣ٣Ȼˡ
ѪУϣϹɫë¶Ƥܿ쳤ϸСĺɫӣת˲ͻŧҺʣΪġ
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Щ棬СôĽصоƬأ
ѹΪʲôͬһ书ŮһһʱѰء
ճĿ⣬ССջЦ㿴ҳ˰ɣСֽʽǲָӵģӡ󣬾ܴܵơֻΣʱܱԴļܣһξҪۡ
Ҵҽһ䣬ճͷˮ֪ҲǴЩʱ
ԭΪоƬΪ߶ˣʲôɨȴˡ
ΪȡϢ̫٣оƬɨʲôҲѧϰ
ͬϵĸоƬûа취ȡ
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۾â˽þ·һ츳оƬѧϰֻܼ¼
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һٶȸϵˣ˽һ۾ͼڵϵŷ£ǳĺë˵֯ĻսʿӷСԿŷӦǽ˺죬šջתͷճ˵ǽֵƶϣһ죬ֻһ
ճһʵӳ֯ϤĪǰ
Ҹ֮ĳ޲죡Ұ޼Ȼ֣;һˡǵжǻڻ첻ս֣ӦûһˣСǱߵġ
ţճ˵ͷ걻һߣŷ½С̫֮ģ͵Ϯ֣ĿȻǷС
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ϵþ¼Ҫ̲鵽ǵ٣Ҫ죬˿Σգʮֽƻһ۾˿˵˶ȥóȡһ򾡡
һӦ˳ȥ


66 мͲ
һתͷճЩ˼˵ճܲæ֯ڹõ壬ǵ°˲ţʵ飬ŪһЩ˲ˣ޲޵ĶĶԻ񡯡̾ϵÿ겻ʮˣζԸǣҵԼʵ
ǲǿ뺣´˵רŶԸֵġճЩơ
֯;úаˣʵ죬׵ķΪѹֿԳΪС
֣֯´𣬻˲
һ´ǶԸֵûǼɸϸ񣬳Щȥȵ˶ԷǷ֣ʲôӣǲܹ참ңҵУսʿǸ֣´ܻ㲻ϡ
Ҫǣȵ´ĸֳʱ̫࣬СΣˡҿƸΪԮÿнˮǹǹȨȫƾԸ֪в
һ֪ƾͷ룬ճȥһԷ
һλǹ֣ûǹչ˷ѣ¿Ц˵ճˣһҲֻЦ
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ճϵӥľɷ販ա
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ΡϮ¼ܹĽºͷСĶ
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ʱһ˳Ŀɽͻôࡣ
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Ķⳤģɲˣ벻֡
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Ӿӳսϴɱɱһȴ֪һǹּӹֵĽ壬ɱεľ޴
ΪĴ硰桱Ʒ磬ǰôһˣսϾޡ
ճӣİٱ񼸸˵Ӵˡ
ҪСģճ
Сһϣе
ȹ类סϰҲ˾ѣõʲ⳥
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ˣôྯ죬֪²Լܲ͵ġֻһСЦҲţ׼ȥʰӡ
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ǱСڼУû뵽ڴϾͷж
ʱСűڣд챣ţҲûΣա
ŷ±ճɵҲԷС֣ʲôж̫󣬾ͲֵüͶ롣
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ͨ˵ľı仯ϲͻγɻ״߲״
ڤ˼ʱ԰һƽСڡ
ΪûдҲû˯ţǿճĿŸмͲᡣ
Сŷ°㣬ȻЩԺҲƲסȴģԻܳסԼ
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ӻͳúߵġıа˹ȥ˵СҪֽ㣬Ҳŷ²֡
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СĿ͵Ŀճ˵ô죬Һܿģ²㡣ֻǿϧСֽʽ˳ͻҪ뿪ܾãܺúõлл㡣


67 ڱ
ҪȥΣ𣿡
ճüͷʲô˳ͻҪ뿪ܾáһû
СЩƤգգۣЦ˵İɣûʲôΣաҲϸ˵ϵɣʱܰɡиƼ׼ֱȥ֪飬ʱˡǵҰ
¶ڴӵġ
ճ˵ͷЦӦ
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Ȼ˵ڣǾͲʣ˵Ժ֪ˡ
Сӹճеġıаճһϳ۶ȥ̾һڲϡ
ȻʹСֽʽɲϴóعûдǰʹǿ˹ֻᵼ¾ңòӪշءˡλȥָҪãٶֻһЩˡûɣо϶ҷأɶŷ£ɺ֯
С޺޵ţתͷ򼸸ߵıڣԸȥ
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һսؿһǹƷҲܲսʵ
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һҲתҵΪ˲̼Ʒ磬ܻһ߿ÿοȵ࣬ϴ档
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һȥ׷֣֯Ǹߴ׳Ʒ绹֪ڳĸ䣬һܷŵģ
УҲЩԱ
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ҲҺˣȻ͸Σա
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ǰһճ۹Щ棬ⲻǸ߶߶ôôɱĸսʿ
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óȻ׷̫ˣɴЩܡ
ճ֪Ǹ֯ĳԹҲöʡ˳־Ͳһѣ̫鷳ˡ
Լһ̯ҪæҲÿЩȥԸ


68 
ҽԺҽϣһŷƤ֮ܺΣò˼ͻ᳤ãҲ̫ġ
ճûԼġشˣֻһˣƲأʵûбҪ
ŷԷһ׵
һεķֽѾù⣬ҪٴƷȥѰֽϴǼҵõķֽѱ⡣
оƬɨĽƷԭҲʲôֽСþִӹŴķֵֽʷϢ
ִƷֽɹʾ͵̫࣬ӵĳɱߡ
ɱ̫߶ڵճ˵Ҳǲɽܡ
ڰһԪǮҲʲôһŵоҲֵõġ
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ʮŷֽæµһһҹֻŪһһ붼˱
˷ѵʱȡõĳɹȫȡ
£ճǲԸȥġ
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һҲûճ֣֪ɱ⣬Ҳװһ˷ѡ
ٺ֮ճ׼ǣȴһסֵܣһսѲòᣬ֪ܲܰæȥ
һЩִ٣εֵĺҲЩ˼ˣ֪ѵãεĻҵǿԴյǮʮõóġ

ճЩȻʮȻһŻشСļ۸֪ģһ֪Ҳ֡
ճͷõôԼʹŴ뷨εĻǲܾ
ӳ̸ǮǮˣܹæҲԹ۵ġ˵ֶϾҲǰΰٲǵȿźþ

ٴһľξûôˣ߹հ֮ϽһСԽɽ·
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нֺͳɶѵľȫ
ֵСۺȽ֮ڶЩضͬһӿ
ҲǻһֶľɫˣĲ࣬˶ࡣ
˳ǰ˲һᣬͼΧһߴ
ƹ쿴ʬѹӽǮԭԭ򡣰椻Ȼ㡣
˵ΪһһͷϹŽ۾˸׹⣬ɽ·һԡ
ǰǼһŮҲط
Ůʹоû˸Ҳ־ʱŮŵöˡ
ŮҲЩȵöᾭ˴Ʒ磬Ͷȥ
ʱ˱Ʒס﷢顣
Ҳ֪ʱƷʲô飬۾Ѫ죬ɱӿҶֻ֣ĿŮ뿪
˺ܾã̽ǲ֪ϵˡ
ƹÿ춼ȵܱô۸ỹ֣ŴһֻС
ǣÿв˳ʱ򣬾ͻҲꡣ
οǮúˣƷڵûзӦߴһᣬȻ֣һ˼Ҫˬ졣
Χ˿ЩһƷߵáء죬ȫһ֣һ߲
ûһ˸Ҳ˵һ仰в̵ˣҲᱻԵġǡһͬס
ǣɽ·Ķһյش
˶ߣǻ
ճۼ⣬׳ȻѾݣǼʮִִ
볤ңóδ͡
˱ߴȴûа㻹ֵ˼ֻãȻİƿﵹȥ
֪ȫںˣǸоʹ·ʵ֮⣬ǰĴû֪
磡
һһǰ
Ҳǹˣǰȥ磬ΧǺӵļͷɳԶڵϲҽУȫùˡ
һĹҲͻ׶Σ껹ҪǿһЩ
ճоƬɨ²ܴﵽȭ˾ŰٽȵĶҪǿ
죬ȻǴСá
ð˾ŰٽȭͷС죬Ͳ֪ôⳡˡ
һǵԼǾ죬򣬲Ȼͱûˡ
һˣۿˣ磬Ϊʲôְô𣿡
ƷȻʹͷ·ʲôûɵҷסüҲ֪ʲôʲôҲû룿
ˣС궼㱻һڱɱѾͷģ˺ú϶ǱûӣΣաһȦʪ˵
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ıãҲ𣿡һƷȻЩʹĵĵͺ
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һƿһãȻͷǰܡײײ˺üľܣ˵ܽС
׸磬ƷõþͲһˣЦƷ÷Ͱһ˿
ҲǴһֱּɵ顣
ƷǵĴ磬Сãоһԡ
һսϵĹٵֱ嵽˶Ҳûл
ºʰʱѾ֧飬ûƴȫ
˸սѵҲ⡣
ƷܾãԼ鱨һְսͽء
ˣҲһֱ߲Լ


69 µȭ
ճĬĬվһԣû˵
֪ⲡԼβˣشȫá
˵岢ûвȻݣǼܺǴִһ׾ϵߣǿòࡣ
оƬɨϵİɫҪﵽߣָ߶ȣճΨҶӸ̴Ͽ
˵׹һ˿˿ͬѪĺɫһѪɷ֮ھӦͬһ
һԱڹŴʮʮնĴڣ񡭡
ڵЩС򣬴ˣʲôˣôһӾȻˡճϧ
𣿡һȦͨ죺Ǳһ˿ϣϣܹʵҸСû鱨󲢲Ρ
Ʒ磬ǡѪ桯սӵĶӳʮһˣֻʣˣ˾֯ķСĸ磬Ҳǵսѣͬһۡ
ΪֻСĵˣû뵽Ǵδ֯һʵأŶʮսʿٹӶǼ鱨ƺʵǡѪ桯սӸͬھ
һ˵ҧгݣ˸˵Ĺâճ֪˲֪һˣȷѪˡ
ճҡҡͷ̾ϧҲβˣ岢ûвѾɱ򡣡
ԥһ½˵ٹһЩӣӦκΪ
ģ
һзŹ⣬ϣǺõġ
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ⷽƷ߻ħʧԼˡ
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ڻӦþǸոԭ
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ϰǰڼؿһճʸûУһ
ڱͬճҲܻ㾫ѧᣬ츳ѾԽķ롣
ǰĻճΪֻѰЩľճԼıʵоƬԼδӵ޿ܡ
һճͻصС
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ճòײæһ飬صС
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ճ˵ԼóմʵҲˣͻãˣĲζȻҲǲͬ
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ճһǰ粽оȫѪҺڣһֱйʡ
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Ϊȭʽϰȭٲ˵ǺҪĹΣÿմվ׮ɣճи
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70 
ճʼʱҲҲȭж츳룬ŷ֣µÿһÿһʽʵûʲô棬ֻǱȱ˿һ֡
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ճһװͨͨҲûʲô
Ҫ̫ˣô򷿻ʵ򷿵ģиСһǲˡ
ҪڿѧԺһķԴ
õģԵȡ
СЩ죬װøһ򷿵Ĵү
ճıһֱƽûнҪ·ӵļ˷ܣȷֻһ˽гˡ
ȫû壬ӶӲ˵ˣ֣ûϷ
⡰֨һͣһһӴ򿪳߸һС˰Ůӣֽ¥
С˼һ㣬˹ȥ˸񣬽˵ʲô԰𣿡
ճһ·ȴߵķСѾˣЩεϵĹ滭ᷭ


71 о
ճ²ã˵һˮһŮЩн߹СʵλҲ򷿵𣿲֪һ͵ķӡ
ճ̧֣ͷȥǰŮЩɬƺǸոմѧҵģǰǸСȫͬһ泯죬Щ崿
ѹֻһЩ˲ˮĻȫǱ˵Ķ֡
ԼѧͿͻҲҪһ뷨ǰӴ
Ǵоճ¥ڵǵıЩ˽⣬룬ˣ
ָոճˣûѧƭ˿һףӦʵһĺ÷ӡ
С㣬Ҫһ׿ѧ԰ķӣûкʵķԴһ㡣ճŮϵ֣ž
ȷһͦŮ
ŮǰһԼֻû뵽ǿͻæʵ֪ĸ۸ķӣΪѧ԰ȽΣԴǺܶ࣬ԪңԢ600²
ճ֪ԢƷ޷Ǿ޲ͬͨ˻ܼƽһ㣬ճȴںֻҪһʱסլ
ԺôԼֻԽԽãܱڸ
Ժ˵Ҫõķӡ
ӣûиһķ
ٶƽ׻ǴﲻճҪ
ҪһլԺܹסˣ鷿һС԰͸ˣȭʱľʿЧʡ
ٴһǺˣǶǧϵļ۸
žЩΪѡ
һû˻ôסլЩǮǮõĸˣǰôҲֺ͡
ôճȤ͵ˣְķݾͲ˵ûôǮ
βһ˷ܣûбֶãͱⷿ۴ùǺճٴȷԼȻһˡ
Ŷˣһֻ򣬶һԴ԰ˮصĺ
ۼҪֵɾҪߣžµµת뵽һ¡
ɿܻع̨ԱߣһļһŲҳЩ˹ݸճ˵Ҳѹǰûⶰǹ˾Ϊ߽׼ֵٹҪˣ˻طίзѡ
ճֱ壬Ȥ
ӹҳһȻһռİٶƽףΧ԰ˮء
ճǰһ顰䳡ʵֻһƤӦдѾۻá
ճУһϺõأŷλҲǢܿ
ֻǼͼƬճЩˣȻž˵Ҫ˵ⷿһֱȥĵ
ΪʲôҪʲôëǵػȣǷķȨ⡣
žҡͷǣǺõģҲƯúܣֻ
ԥ˻ᣬ뻹ǳʵ˵˿ˣʼǧ򣬵һֱ˸ȥⶼԭģΪණ˵ȥɷ˵ͼûҪĻԸѷӷõҲٽۡ
ණ
ճⷿӼ۸ô͵ԭҲ˱˲Ĺ˼ڡ
СʱΪණֻܶ࣬Ҫҹڵƹҫĵطǡ
ͻ֮󣬲֪ԼǰĿǴġ
ִֶǺټһЩĻһЩ¼вŻ֡
ճЩӳ˿Сѩ֮⣬ҲֻںҽԺС椼ʱŷһֻ
ȻҲΪЩĳֲ˵ĵطҹǻʱ
ǰ컹ǺҹճȴϾẦֶġ
ıа֮ùһΣǴֻʮ֮һͰƵаӡǣȫɱţ
һĹ»Ұһ׸ߵӦҲûжٷĻᡣ
ѵڵס
ճĵ
߰ɣȥûˣҴӲʲôණ
žЩǵ飬ܿøӹ̨Կף׼ճȥ
С˷ʱˣױ˺ܶ࣬ȴûһҪʵеûţλȥݲãָܰͣ⿪ء
ǰճǰķС㣬ӾƲճߵʱžҪȥһ˵
뿴ˣûѧģˣ򷿵ġ
Ǹﳶ˵˰죬趼ˣʼۣûа򷿵˼
㣬һôȥأпٰ㵹ۡ
衱֣žҧúء
ӴĿͻ˹ֻҪ£ıҲֱͦЩ
ķΪнˣԵõɰٷ֮ʮԪ
ǧԪнʱʱıžճ󿴵һүз⡣
ոձҵ˭֪ҵгľжݹһֱϧ
̾ǣԸΪ̫£Ǳߡ
ΣһҪ⡣
ž˾򣬸ճЦҲº͹ˡ


72 ƭ˵ž
ճеĲ¥С˼仯ȴҲû˵ʲô
žʿĿĵʻȥҲǸ̾
žȷʵЩңͻȥԴûһ˾Ҳû䡣
ճҲòȥһ֮ǰǳʮһ·ͨߡ
Ժ᳣⣬ûгʵ̫㡣
ճѾ׼˷֮ȥһպð죬һĹϵŪ
ѧճ˵͸ˡ
ƾѧϰ񾭷Ӧɻڶ̶һСʱѧᣬ뿪˼ʮɻϿվһȷмɡ
ռİٶƽֻǽС԰лȿɾʹȥˡ
ճ߽оƬɨ裬ⶰЩףҲ¶Цݡ
ڳϵʱ
Ҳˣס꣬¾ӣôܻԵ޹ʵľණһòʹ
ճ룬᲻Ū
Ϊⶰȷϲ
ǵλãܷ羰ǿȦɵ㡣
ɽˮһƽҪǣǰԺһ˺ϱϸ
֪ǷԶʱ޿ɢŵ㡣
ͨˣһ£Ҳо泩彡
ճоƬɨ֮УѾһΣԭسϰ꣬˵ͻڶһĴ˵
ǵģѾЩԡ
ΪԺѳ֡
ν顣
ɽУදߴֲﶼѾһԡЩȴû飬ֻһãͨǲֵܷġ
ԭ˿ҲײŪôһڶеУļֵȱҲȥ
͵ǣֵҲܽ
ҲǴû;غ㷿ֱûжշҲ湻Եġ
ճ̵¾ͱԼˡ
ˣºֵ˸Ͳ±˽غ
ճ
ӵЫӡߡڻ򼡢ܣһâ״
ݶǣһͷúںģӦþơ
ճ֪󷨽ʲôĿֱӿһɹɻҰںڵϢɢڱܡ
ͨĲ棬ⴱͬ
øжĳ𰡣
ճ겼ãɵһ
סֵطԲļоǶಡ֣Ѱ
ңʢñȷسֹ·ҰĵණҲͲ֡
ž˵˵˵׳ʲô£ǲǺܵù֣

ҽճ
Ƿһòǰ򸾿У˳ˤȣ˺ò׶űסһûȵ˳ԺȴֵõϢԼŮԡ㱻ŮӶ¥ʱˤҲŽҽԺ
˵žо쬵ģ֣ҫ£Ҳϲȥϵĺ⡣
ⷿӵȷйŹ֣᲻أһ˵һ߹۲ճϵı飬ûбŵͷϵֻƯСèҲģûзŭŷ
ҲλĲණǸˣ˵èͨˣè͸ˡ
ž֮ԸôֱӰѱֱ˵ҲǸոձҵ黹һЩ棬ƭˡԭճ۾ʵ̫ˣһȥƭ
㲻ҲͲɣһݹǡ
ƭ˼ңҲ˻£Ǻ
žЩ롣
ճûԼ˿֪Ӱ˶Էžɫʱô¡
һЩɹʿЩΪ౼ˣǴӾǾ۶϶Ҫϲ٣ǳ˵
ǳ˵ĳĳˣÿֻ˯СʱʮĴ飬˹Ķǣһ޷ġ
ճľӳԽ磬ͨȫһΡ
ﵽ2.1ֻҪ룬ܴκһͨˡ
ȻЩȭϰ߲ڴС
ѪʢԾ๥Ȼֿ֮£Ҫ˭ı¸ˡ
ճȻҪ¥С㣬ֻǶž˼仯Щ档
ִ֮ѵԭ򣬱ִŮɵö࿴ۡ
ĿеľеӰ쵽ž
ճæƿ۾ٿžʵȻأⷿ;ˡ
ûУ᲻ⷿϲأһº󣬷ȫҾͰ˳ȥȻѷݶн飬׼⡣žȻ࣬ͨһЩ飬Ͱ֪Ϣȫ˵˳Լɡ
Ȼǲеģܹͣסʱһֻס졣µǣȫ¹ʡùһ˹԰˹бĸҲȫˣˤһȡ
žֵ˵оɭˣȻ磬ȴˡ
ճ̧ͷݶͷ˵С㣬ǳԺ˵ɣЩ׵
ƸǶͨȻҲܸо
ƻͶ񰡡
ֵ˺նȴҲʡ͵ĵơ
Լ˳£̰ѷȥǮϣϾһ㣬÷ӵת
鲻ž˵ճҲˡ
ȻⲻȥҲƻˣнⷿгΪĹݡ
Ȼû˸⣬Ǿֻ
ңý
߳ԺţʮԶžŸоů
µĿ˿ûģزС˵ûа취Ըණҿ㻹Ǳˡⷿĺаǰ򣬵ֻסһСʱܲס񱼶ӡ


73 ΪϺȲ
žͷҲš
н飬ԶҲ벻ԼȰ˱ӵʱ򡣵ƭԼģĲƭЦůˣһⶰˣô죿
С㣬ллĹˣҿɲͨˡճ־סžһֻ֣ȫѪڣһ֮˹ȥ
žճкֱԼ֣òҪг
һůֱϣոݴĵͻȻůȫˡ
ͻȻӶ쵽˴죬Լ뱼ܣ
ⷿ㣬ղʮӣմȾһЩʣⲻ˾ͻðһСûˣҰϵȫˣǲǺ
ճЦЩŹ֡
ճЦݣžŷѾɿƣԼץסֲš
Ƿˣܴˡ
žɫ죬æתʵ׷ŵȱҲȫ֪ˡ
ôȫϵǩͬɡ
ģ
žϲòҪѾ˰æһ׼ûϵ׮⾹Ȼˡ
֪ܹɵ⣬ûѧԼͬóƭֶΡ
ô鷳Ѿȥ⣬һίиǹ˾һȥ˾ܿͿ԰ãСʱˡ
á

˻صн鹫˾ſڣҪȥͼһ˽ŲҴҵ˹
˵ͷȫ·ֱֱĳճײȥСèճϹ˱ճһӦΣգؽеճлˣ
ճѪתײʱһ䣬Ʈˡ
˾һ㣬ˣȻһߣȴûбײ
˷·Żعæͷ˵Բ·˰ɣ⡣æҵưճȥҳʵûлҳ
ճһЦ˵ĵΪһ࣬ͰڿС
оƬɨ֮Уܿ˳µģһʰ쵵ĲͬһȥӦ˱Ƕȳζ
ճ۹һɱӿ𣬵ΧȺö֣Ϊֶƭ˭Ҫ˶࣬ȡ㹷
͵ͻȻͦԹĿճҲЦԭǸ֣θڲǱҲģʶͲҪϡ
˵Ҳճػתʧ
ճ˼˵ıӰʧ˱ǵζڼС
Ѿȷˣ˾ºֲֵԺܵ嶾ϹܶԵϺţƺҲڴű⡣
ãǲأ
ͷֻ΢һתͱճˡ
нµءȻɵģҲͬˡ
ҪĸְҩģҪ㹻ĳأסĵطÿʣľ㡣
Ҫһ־ͬϵѣ
ⶰڱĸлһ㣬ճǺܺõĵط
Լܹ£۸ҲԳܣôΪвпܳΣվͷء
һοԷõĵ̣ô´ǲǾͷǿ󡢽Ļᣬ֮Լ
ﾺ񣬴УһΨС
Ҳȥˣ˭Ҫ£Ͱצնϡ
ճᶨ˼ٲȥǸ˻ôֱ֣ӽн鹫˾
ȴӷϰѱ˵ʱ־ռȻҲռ
Ȼ˾ճͲӣӵʱûгְѴƵʡ
аŪü˵ùӺͺӲΪͶ̥ʱⷿȻְ¡
סⷿӣȴҲֻ̫ȥȫ˼пܻΣʵڲʲôˡ
ѷӹн飬˵Ҫȥ⣬ٹעһĻģ
ճȴŲ
ⷿ·˾Բһˬˣռıˣƺѡ
ճƲ⣬žǰ뿪ŵֺžͻȥʲô仯ûС
ճȰķˮɱƵѱŪøɸɾܿн鹫˾ӵĵ绰
ʱճ򲻵ӣпܻᱻһң˵Ҳһ
ֻҪǮǩ˺ͬ뷴ҲãճռѷҪȥҲûʲô취üùֶ飬ճȴǲµġ
ճţǩͬĵһ¾ҪϹȥѱණ
Ҫһ󼪴泩סլһҲңಡֵĵط
ˢˢʾǩԼĴžӡ£ճЦ
žҲЦ⣬нӣȻаٷ֮ɹ
ΪһˣʮԪɾһʾ޿
Ҫǣڼ԰н鹫˾ҲԼҵǵһȵĿͷС㣬пһԾΪ㷿͡
˾ķԴͻǰȻͬն
ʵ̫лˣܸܲҸԶٱ㷹žЦӯӯ˵
СʱȥݾҲͬӿ۸Сãͬ¶Ҫͽĳɫͣ仯ʵ̫졣
ŨױĨǸС㿴ǰϷԵһĻڵĳӶҪˡ
ͻȽӴģ˵ʮҲģƫƫҪĒճȥӴǸӡ
ʵֻ֤ǴСн鹫˾̽һ·ۣûҪ˼
ǰôС磬۾գĻȫ˱
СȫŨױŮӣĳЦ˿Ρ
ҲžĽʺޣǣܵһԼùȽϣܸоƽ⡣
ǣе۳ЦֻŨױŮӳˡ
ž³һڶְսʱ֪ʲôʱҲ֪ʲôʱʲô˻һѡ
ֻʱʱƽģԶϴˣԼȥڰɡ


74 
ճͷӦžͣǰ¥Сһ⣬ҪлóȻܾЩ顣
ʱܱ˵ĸл⣬Ӳƾܸ泩
ճǲģԴľͻ2.0֮󣬶Ա˵оʮ
žϲŭ
ӦĻһڣܸܵžĻ裬ӦŮҲʲô¡
һٷճžżҳС£ȻҲоƽԽпܵĿ籩ϡ
Щ̨ƴΪõĲѾ˼ǹֵȭһߡ
̼Ǵ̼ˣĵһұ̫ܸоЩ⡣
ȭľľ£ճȭΪҲֻܿͻưҲûа
ֻܿʳв䵽һӪƶѪǽȫ֪Ҫôǰ
򶼿ӵľ磬֪Ҫ¡
ž˶ٷ˵һЩ쳾ļҳ̣ƽ͵ͬʱճоԲʱʱ̱̿ļѪҲøȻ
һһڣ֮
ֽϵվǳ֪ҪС
Щֻѧᡢ֪ûõģܵþеľ΢֮
ѹǷһǵң񻰴˵жź쳾Ĵţɽ˼䡣
ճȭͷоȫѪȣֱ嶥ţȥ鿴ԼԣҲܸоΪ
һٷʡ˼µˮĥ򣬳ȹ˰ΪøԲ
˵ǣҵ˰Ժôİ취ͷȥϰþҲעء
˰Ѿ˾΢֮ţǰִķѾάһֶΡ
ϰƿǹıؾ֮·
ãֶεĵ֮ǰΪЩΪҵȭĿɡ
ӭе׼ȴûп˵Ӱӡ
Ǹڼ԰н鹫˾ճССִ֮󣬲ûǰס
ɱԭҲûͻ͵Ϯƺһжƽ˾
ճ룬ûнԼķӡ
Ǹ˺İԼҲѰҵõȻ϶һʵĻᡣ
ɭɭҪȻϡ
ʼգճûǸ˻֡
һ۲̫󣬻ưͿˡ
Ȼû֣Ȳæڵ󷨣ΪȻûб֣ԾҰտΪսõĵطֻҪ٣ʱɱס
ճݾߣҪԣ˻᲻֣ûǰ׼ת뿪
ϷȫףҪ˵ľ֮ģԼҵ׼
···˪˪ɣ쳾м෽򡭡
ճߵǰʮ״ϣ׼һʿֻ
ֵܣհˣʲôطɡһˬʵ
ԴճӦΪǷ־ֵԮһ̬ȸ鼸֡
ճиŪһʻ֤Ҳʻ᲻ῪٶȰˡ
ô죬ǾȸлˣԼְɣ±ͺ鷳ˣĻ˼һˡճЦ˵
ܿǷ־֡
ٴſ˶Ļ£ճ΢΢һ
ϴǱѺȥȴǸ̴ɱȥǲôļ䡣
ٴεţȴΪһԼ˵ݡ
νԮʵ֤ȴûжֻǲ뾯ֵıƣɾֱֲָ߲ϵ
ճСġ
ոսһᾯԱȣǹ

һζŵһЩԱȫҡ
Źȥ죬ճӾɱȥĳȻĿЩô
ȻյͷײһСͷճͦΣ۾þˣ̫ԣӶѡ
ʮֽţæ䡭
ھڲмϻǹ
ɱǵĴӪûӭ˵׼ճǽڳȥӰʵҲ̫G
֮䣬Ȼûһ˸ҳǰ׽á
˴ҵʱһ˳һס֣ʲô
ɨһЩͨԱһۣɫЩÿ
ҲֲЩͨ졣
־ƶ֣鷢ھڲʵ̫ţɲǲ¡
洫Ϣ˵±ΪܣҲŪ˭ɱˣճԽ֮Ľģ
ʱһ
һæӭճ˵ֵܣⶼңû뵽Щͬ¸Ͳ֪޹ģɴˣǧְ
˸ת˵ճԺǵıͬţԺҪһ£ǿɲҪϴˡ
˲˼ı飬һԥһֽ͵ǰȫǱ˸ɵģճҲǱЮ֣ƶֻûŪҺָˡʲôĻ˸ɱ
һ˵һЩȫڨڨкǹľε޵ݣǰǸ
ճº͵Цź˼䣬͸һİ칫ҡ
ﰵң̴ǽڳֵʱֻĴܣûг˹һˣҪȻʱɲ˵ˡ
ֻҪմ˾ѪһôͣҲ
һֱ档
ĳЩҲ͵ͱ˸ѣ˻˷ָµΪ䡣
ôһҲкô˺ţһ졣
ʲôţЩŮŮϲԵġ
鱻ȥԺҲҾæһЩС¾ͻ᷽ࡣ
УѶȵ˶Ҫá
˵¥ȥһȴͻȻͣҲһЩȴӭ߹һ꾯졣
⾯ЩƫݣŽ۾䣬ԶԶ߹ʮĿճˡ


75 
ճһۣȴ˼ǣһϵһȴҪ۵ö࣬Ӧְλ֮ϡ
ݾĿһ£ȴͻȻЦе˵ӳ˵һԮǸ֣ôͲܸʶһأԺ󻹵ô򽻵
һ˵ֳ̾ˣճ׼̷ֳ㱨أˣһ۾ۡ
Уֵܣ˾֣͸ԼһԺҪŰ
ݾеճļҲش𣬾Ц˹ȥ
ճҲǵЦţûгΪľӦһĶǰľϴоЩϤ
ȭݵ鳤ͥԸѾŪУ·ȴӡճУϾУͥӡʵ̡̫
ЦǺǣͱһ
ݾԶճصʵӳո˭г𣿡
һȫǲ죬оճǵ͹ˡ
ʹҴҼһ棬˾ܲ˭ѣ˭صĵˣжҪʮϾ죬ʵǰ참һѺ֡
ϧţǾ˷һ֮һľġ
һԺתЩƵͷ˵ͷ˵ֵ۹˾ɽ־ֵķֹĸֳг־ǲЩ죿
Ǹ־ʲôϵճ̷Ӧ˹
һǺЦóԳ־ֳʵû̫⡣
赭д˵־õܣҲĶӣϵԶɡԱЦû죬Ҳ°϶޲Ū㡣
ѵܲ˹أǿҵ鷳ճЩƣΪϮ¼Ѿȥˣû뵽βڵԼ
һֹĸֳҪԼŪ鷳ͲԤ֪
ճﲻˣһ֪Цˣæ˵ֵܲż־õŸϵĲͬǾУϲڹ֮¡췸˱֪Ҹұ֤Ը㣬ΥΪȴǲҵġ
һƺ⻰ûʲô˵˵˵ˣǷ־ֿɻһ̷ֳأѹţҲŪ
ճͳˣһ̷ְֳߵˣ־ͲԸԼ˵ô࣬׻Ҫ£
һȻʾã˾Ҳ˳
ճȻЦЦͰѳ־钁Ժ󣬲ٹġ
ΪĪеһЩܻᷢܲᷢ飬շҲʵ̫ûҪ
һһ£˵ճֵܣΪԮأһʱˣ
ЩεĴ˴֣˵ͷͰ˵ȥˣĴһȻأͱ̷ֳˡһ棬ʶһλҴˣҽ֣㿴
ǾֳңǶҵı²ģճЦʵʲôҴˣҲ˼βһ治̫ᡣ
ճɲܸһʲôƱԼβξΣξ˵ùˣҲûʲô⾯ٵеĻȻãûҲν
һս˳û̫Բ˵ЩȻճһ۾Ϳˡ
ҲȻ¡
ʼ֣ԮںôֳܲӳȨٴҲһİ塣
һ˼ǣ̷ľֳΪԮĴǣҪһұͶԮûȤȫһԼ⻰ֲ˵ֳ֪ôɡ
ճô£Ҳ̫ΪѣǺЦ̷ֳ뿴ҵı£Ҳûʲôôܲȥݷһأ߰ɡ
һмĿճһۣͷǰ·
̷Ӧֳֳˣһճ߽칫ңæӭЦ˵һ˵ҽճɣȻǲʵ󡣡
̷ֳʮ꣬Ӳ΢֣ȴʮ־üԲ棬˵ĸоʮֺ
ҲûʲôټӣΪֳȴԶݲ裬崺硣
һˣͻ̷ֳǸʵˣճȴᣬ֪ÿһλ˱Ȼĵ
ĸо̷ֳЦúıе˫ƽˮڰԼһЩΡ
ֳˣСվУʲôԸֻ˵ܰ쵽ȻȫԸС
̧ˡ
̷ֳ˿ô룬ٱ޿޵ġ
ճȻҲ᲻飬ھŵ
һӹˮݲ裬˺ճҲǸС꣬ǵõӦԮʱ˵Ļء£ֲָɡܰ쵽ȫԸܰ쵽ľͰĪˣǴӦʵҪ̷ֳ̫ݵҪ󡣡
̷ֳȻҲˣ۾һֵ˷ܡ
ȵճ˵ҲʲôΣյ飬ϵ˵Ǿ֮͡
һѽԬɣǺӰѧԺڣһ£һЩѧΪⶼǺǡ˵һҲûźɣвƣǰãĶŮȴ˹ֲ෽ҽûҽΣͷˡ
Ȼˣճ
ѹһھͽԼҽȸ߸Ȼźÿˡ


76 ͬԩ
ճף̷ӦΪɽ־־ֳ±ǿ׳ȻܿԼǹԼ
Ψһĵֻһ˵ġβˡ
ڴԼͬϱòˡ
Լûʵ죬Ǹˮ̾ͻᷭˡ
ȻҲᡣ
̷ӦصĲξԭɡ
ҽβõĲһʮΣôôס
һԵĻᣬӦûһȡ
̷ֳҽһֳͷİɣճԾ༲оʾǰôѲ䣬ܱȫûʲô취ֵܾ˹ԬѾͷĲҲСһ׮
һ˵ն֮ȴβˣ֪ôģ
ǾϢͨô֪ˣκֻǽңҲ˵жԬѾͷĲȿ˵ɡճҲƱЦ
֪һһֱǹǸƷĴ磬Լȥƣ˼Ѳ¡
̷ֳһճβ죬һȻּɡ
ϸ˵༲˵Ǻ֣ܶʵҲֻһ֣⡣
ƷľѣʵԼ鹹ɭϱУǾǾ񲡵һ֡
ճû˵κҲû˵κãֻ˵Ҫһʱ䡣
һȻôߴ٣϶øèһ㡣
ǰճɶʱȥκأ
սĺӣΪƷνǲֶΣʾ֭Ҳѵˡ
ճƷһֵ֮飬˺ӡ
ҲһȭһȭҲԶ
ȴıûѵӪԣƾı£ش´ࡣ
ϧǣϴν̺ӵӽȭȴѧЩô
ΪԸԭѧһྫϸȭѧ衣
ճûв˽ɹȴ⡣
ֻѧӽȭһƤëʵȻҲ˳ȴԶ
Ӧðȭ̸ģôߴĴ׺͵ȭӦǡôճ
ճ˵ȥˣ̷ӦϲЦտĿѧ԰ӰѧԺ
ӰѧԺռغܹ㣬һСͳ򣬴񣬴ļࡣˮءݵءٳ򳡡ԺһƬг
۵ĻǸ߸һ¥
ճһľɫϲˡ
Ҳﲻɰ̾ϢԼǼг˱ʣʱӦҲǵһѧѧϰ
ʧȥȴǰӴһƬأ־ҲѸٱóʧ˭Ҳ˵
У԰УȥȥŮЦ棬һഺϢ˶ճȴǸпˣϾԼ̫Զ˰
ЩԼͬǵЦ֣ճȻԼһЩʱ˵Ĳϡ
վһˡ
תһ̻У԰ĽְԱסլ
ԬڵļҾãסһƺСԺǵ͵ʽʮֹš
ԺŻݲݣһŴֲ·ϲˮԺͣż
˼бСǾˡ
ɣڴݰʹ˾͸帣һæҲ۵ûš̷Ӧ˹Ȼ죬߽ԺӾ͸Լһ
СˣҾвסһϹͷܵýľȻ̷ӦҲЦһճ˵ͷȥɣҾͲˡ˸ҽ֪ܲκѾͷ
Щʧճĺݺݵһ£˵ļÿζҲʼڴ
ֻΪճֲҽĺСӲĳܾˡ
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̷ӦɫΣβģôིȥ˵ɣûµġ
ȴû뵽ᷢ£ֱ̫ˣûϵͲΪճβĸ֣Ҳֻһ洵ꡣ
ӦճβҲֻһԶѣôӡ
̷Ӧ䲻⣬ճȴܲ⡣
Թš޵һ޵ڶ
νͬԩҡ
ԼȻҽȴҲҽ£úõһ׮ĻŲ̄ͬͲˡ
һãֵúܲ졣
ԬѾͷЩҽ˸ҽѾͷоˡûţ̷Ӧ͸
ģɱҰѾͷĲɰҼˡ
һ
Ʋ룬˹ţͷһ˿ʱȻǣȴȻǿЦӭ
һ֪Ǹ֪ľӡ
ƭ㣿һҲʶҾͲˣһλҽճˣᣬβǺһ֡
Ԭڣ
֣ڣճһЩΡ
̫һ㲻ãŷ
̷ֳĴԬɵ飬ȴǰҲûš
һţ˫۾ˢˢĿ˹
̷Ӧɤ̫ѣڼ˶Ŀ뿴ҽ׳ʲô
һʮ㲵ŮȼճģʧĴ
ӦþǲԬĸˣ֮ǰ̷Ӧ˵
һˣʮ³ϴŻӵĿճ
һ𷢸߱ǵʮ⣬϶Ųˮһ
ֻһţʮۡ
ճ㣿ӣҸ˵ģһһҹκ椵ľ֢ˣбµģһںء
һűͦװŮˣüЩճȻϵãϴƭӵıԬࡣ
ճŮӡ㲻
÷һŮӣʮִ󵨡ȻԸЩGҲŵ㡣
һԼˣҲϿϴ
ˣͷΡ
ұĿԼֶŮ˵ʱŵЦġ
˵βǸҽǲİ
ǲ椵ľ֢ۼżģ͸һ죬ûһܲǼٵİɡ
ճ˼ҵɣȴûа㲻ֻ΢ЦĿ˵·˵Ǳһ
Ԭɿǰһ
ճҽΣֻɽͺǲԼĪǷòȡ˵ëͲҽ
ûкò裬
ԬҲһЩô˼Ե˼֡
ߣ
Ǵʮֻ³˲мЦ˵λĸҽѧԺҵĸ߲֪༲ʲô𣿡


77 Թ
ճЩ֣ģôɵԼѵǸ׳
ŽճԶǿͣҽʲô
ҺܲˣֶڹˣմȾëǾԵĿڶʵͷۣô˵
裬Ȼϼݴѧϵҵҽѧ̫˽⣬Ҳ֪ѧרҵ֪ʶʮֹ㣬ɲҸ˾תġŽԺЦţͷ΢΢
ָָĽ˵Լս˹ѧҽѧԺѧŴѧ˫ϲʿԾƼŷḻٴ飬ôνġҽܱģ
ŽɫǾ棬ҵɫ˼֣ŵ˵æֶòײҽСӵġ⻹ΪҸܵͬѧмֽ飬˼ҲԶһ˲ףǧ˽˰
ճŽ˵һһ׵ģ˲ΪϷҵģѡ
Ѳø߸ߵģԼҽȴȵ
Ԭǰ˹ºôӡ
ԬɫЩΪѣ̷ӦҽȴԼֶ˱ţʵЩ˼
ȴҲŽȻʮֲ˵Ļδûмֵ
ԬɺΪѣճЦЦ˵Ž˵ûȷʵûʲôѧҰ·ӣҲҽǲңҽĲҽΰɡ
ճ˵꣬͸̷Ӧ䣬һ豭׼˵ˡ
Ȼ־֣κùȻãκҲԼҷֺ
̷Ӧ㬵ϴ󲻸ˡ
Լĺ۰ճȴ˿͡
ⲻ˵Լ飬һСƭðҽ
ȻǣǾȥβɣԬ㵱͵ľУҲΪѣҶˡ̷ӦЩǹа˵ŻҪϹҲס
ҪǼʮĽڣԬѾͷʵۣȥ⵵ˡ
һǸӡ
Ҫ˵ڳˣ˭ճ㣬ͷĪˡ
֪ճκ˰ľż֪ճһκ̱Сĸס
δ˵Ϊ˵ҲţΪڳ˵Ρ
͵͵˿ճ̬ŵԨͣţﲻɰ
˵ָ趼ܲϣݺɾ̾
ܲκԬһǺ⡣
ĻϣճܹҵõķӣƷľ֢֮ϣҪǨŭԼϲС
Щ˶Ϊճ᲻ˣʵûС
ճͲһҽνҽòء
ѧϰֻΪκԼСãҲûҽѧϷչ뷨
θ̷ӦǰҲһʽס
ȻӦɽ־ֺһ䣬Ͳò̷ֳһ飬β
˲ʡ£鷳
ճǧҶҲ̫СŽСӺŪˡԬճһԲ˵ﲻϲչС͵
ճݲ䣬Ϊúˣ˵
Ž˵ϼݴѧϷ߲ΪƯʵϣںһ׶ûҪıԵʿҽСҲֺֻöϣͨĹϵڹսɫСĲҽãĹ͡
ճһˣԬǺӰѧԺһڣѧкܶ඼ǳĴǡ
˵һ仰ŽԼȥϹȴҪǿϰٱ
ǿԬɽڵģӦΪ˼Ӳ
ûʲôѵԭˣ˵Լѧߺˡ
Žһ㣬Ϊ˵õõĽɫƨճֻ֮֡
ճĲһעģǰЩ顣
õĲκˣȴȭսҪӭӰǲ󷨵ķˮʿ͵Ϯ
ӳԶĿճҪ˵Ľ
Լǿֱﲻ˼زһΪ֮Ŭķ
ҽһʱ̣붼û
ҲȥŽ޵ĵ飬־һ㡣
ΪȲʱ򣬼ϵСèɯɯϲȥģȵؽеճҪԹ𻨸⣬ιҰ
ǰһֱæòɿճЩиСԻſԼˡ
ѹ𻨸ݸСèֻСצţСţͻȻǻ֡
Ԭ࿴۾ֱˣ˵˵ţס첻˵Ϊ֣ճûⱻ˿͵飬Сèء
СèרĵĶԸǿ𻨸⣬ɫСβһ˦һ˦ģɰòУ˺һ
Ԭ࿴۲ǲҲѧ÷һֻСأ
·²豭˿ϵİٴһ˵ʱ䲻ˣͰѲɣҿˣøϵķɻ
һֱ߰ճ˽û
˵ŽİֻǸڱ棬˵İȴѾ뵽
ճû̧ͷһۣȻû̷Ӧ˵ҽС
ճʼΪǵĻڲŷԭµĺܺãӡеĴɽеһƴ
Ȼʮ㣬Ϳôҽβˣ
ճЩ档
Ծѧȫûо飬ܶʶʶҲǺõġ
ܿ죬һʮģĻŮǣ˳
һ׳ۣͷβɫһףþĶǡ
ֵֻǣر𣬷·ûа¶ȣ˾һ䵭Į
˴ӹﷺһɺ⡣


78 
ѩ
ճŮһֻݡ
֮ǰճѾ̷Ӧ֪СĲ鼫ΪѲ
ԬԬɵĶŮӰѧԺһ꼶Ѿǰˡ
ѾʱѧܷطУ԰һδ֪
ԬսѧԺʱ˺䶯صĸ߹ʺ;˵ò˾̾ǣܻˣ׺
ʦϲŮۣŮ
Ԭѧҵʮ㣬ͽѧ̳ĸڱ϶츳
ͽӵһϷ˼¡еŮΡ
ھһҳ֮Ůѧڼ䣬һλвŻѧ
˺ܿ˽ȴŮ֣ͥҪѧ
Ϊ׷飬ϧĸ˾ѣȻȻĸѧ˽ȥϼҡ
һСɽУ˽Ϊٳƣٰü
һõİ£ǹѪı絽˴ʱʷһת
ѧ׷ɡƽԸɽϣڴʱΪҾһ
־Ƕ˽Ǯɷ졣
ѧУѧϰ꣬ǰµɽ˺ȴԺ»
ȴڼ̷ţҵҵ
ȵ϶һ˳ճյĵȴɷؼҡ
ȴϣвƣɷǻˣȴһŮˣдһֽ顣
ǣһʱ벻ͶԾˡ
Ըδˣ¾ҹػ걨ѧ
ⲿϷôȥ˵ֵעǵݰеĸ̻ľ֣һѪϷĵŰĶ¡
ʮԬǸŮòһŮǱûʲôѶȡ
Ψһѵû̫ݲŰĵĸо
˶ȰҪǿӦˡ
ƾĳֻ࣬ǵһƿⲿϷƱҲڲȥ
Ԭȴ׷ӣҪϷ͵á
ǣһΣյľʮۻûȫγɵ˴뷨
ǴԼݵĽɫȫ߰ʾԼΣԬ
ɫüΪɫ
֪ǿ󣬻Ǹɫ϶̫ߣ
ҴߵĳɹⲿϷùƱܹھۿڱǹ¶˽ֵ
Ԭƾһڽｱ佱ϣŮһٷ󣬳ΪӰ
Ӱȴûܳڽ֮ҹ̨ϣΪԬѾ߲ˡ
һֱΪԼΣǸԹػҹĳŮӣǸĸǰҲϲ
СܻÿʵģԬһ̾Ϣ
ճ𾪹ԬСﾪ˵ò֮ȻԼʲôŮصĲĺ档
оƬɨĴ򿪣ճﰵ̾
ԬĮȻ֮£εͬɽһǻԹ
Թֻɫ糱ˮһȦȦϯڣ˰˻
ͳһֻűĻǰϷºЦݣԬȥ
Ұд촵ۺɫһһޣɽҰӻããһƬڷе𵭵㡣ԶһƬƽƵͲ˻һ⣬ůĻ
ŴԵ·ӽŸ磬ҡεĻɶš
ȫоǰ΢΢һƺ뵽ݳݺɵϴʱ֮С
ɫͣǶȴ΢΢
ȻＫΪȴ֪Դ֮ˡ
Ԭһ֪࣬鷳ˡ
ԶԶԶܸоǹϳˮӿ⣬еǰһˡ
һΣǸѧŵʦȥһűһλǧβ
ʦ߲˵ʱһʱûޱⷴӿ
Ȼ󣬵ʦͷˣҲˡ
ӳűʱֻʦŵ˻鸽
֪鸽ô£ҲͲǾ༲ǼΪΣյһ״
ʱѡʵҲûʲôԡ
ȻôԼǲȴҹ˾ʱ򣬴جԼµʦһʱĵİǡ
һ˵Զ粻ȥĿ
ԣ¶ճҡײƭĲҵʿ˵
ԬϳǸǧƵϢһΣ¾ٲܣȫԸ
ס
ס
»ǰţͿҪߵһԶˣȫסԬɷ¶ϲɫ
ŽĿţ¾ŵβ˵
ŵԬҲ΢΢ǰ㣬ŵĿǰһĻ
̷ӦɫЩӣκСĲȻãǲ֤Լһٰճأ
Щȫ֪ԴԬ֮󣬳Լ裬û֮ܿأԬҲ
ֻҪ˿ͻᷢһЩܵ顣
ֻþС
ǣԼŮֵĶҲǼΪŹ֡
ӣϳŮԶһЩ
˿Ϸһ˿ϲ⣬
ܹŮĽľͺã
ﰵ
ҽβʱȡûߵΣǲܴ߳ɹġ
ʱ⵽ͷˡ
һ㣬ڳȫס
ճȻ֪һ㣬ңȱ֪ĸһľǣ¿Ҫùˡ


79 
ճڼƷĲ֮󣬻ȥһЩڴߺʾ鼮Ҳ֪˾֢ԭƷ
ֶֻǹߣıʲ
ճľﵽ˺ܸߵĳ̶ȣЩҽյļɣСӹҼҲࡣ
һѧͻᣬһ;
ȻײڵΪʲô
ҽͶеĵ߱ɫͱ飬ֻڹһůΧ
˵Ӧõġ
ǣºһҪĶǾǾ
ӿľ񲨶ճԶ϶˵ľûг1.0Ǵﵽ0.9ĵز
Ȼǿ󣬵ƾֶΣȴԼľʱԵߵ1.3
ͻ1.0ӰģֱӸԷ顣
ҲΧ۵˶㱻´봺ԭڡ
ûӭĴߣܵӰ죬ܱѣοܵԬ˼ꡣ
¶裬ճ΢Ʋа룺ǿ¸˵̫˵㡣
ƾֶΣ飬趯ǣһϹӰӣҪԸԬȴԶԶ
ֹԼʲôأ
˺֮
ճȻ˵񣬵ҲһϷ
¶ӣԸ˻㡣
Ԭľ״̬оƬҲ
Сǿ󣬿ﵽ1.0ż
ڹŴ壬ҵţΪ׽ּһʱ
츳ڣҲѸԴ
ΪǿƽѧϰУ֪ܲӰˣ׵õ˵İϲ
ҲΪľǿ󣬾ͻ״Լɫ
Ȼȥ׳ѣޱȡ
ϵ¶ǽƽģطʧȥһЩһطͻõһЩ
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ǵ1.8ǰӿֳͨ˲ɼ߻ɫԹⲨѾˡ
ѧԺɵĸưѾͻȻߵ1.3ͻȻǣҪϴˢԼĳ裬ʹ
·ص˵ĹűվԼĵʦΪԼη־ԴһеˣҲһ
С̤һ׷Χлζͣо䡣
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µȫվһЩá
ﰵһȫԬ״˹ȥ
¶Цݣסȴţȴû˷ճŨŨЦ⡣
˻ڲ²⣬ճѾ˵Ľ濴
һΣѧоƬԼľ
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Ҳֻܱŷµļܣԭڡ
μ¶Դãá
ǰ÷ֲ̫ڣûѧʲôܣµַʽǶҼΪʺϡоƬ沼µĻ߱ˣǱԭĴֲ÷ʽҪǿ౶
ճת֮䣬˱仯
оƬɨУԬǰĻɫǷڡ
ơ
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ǣӰһ׵ľѾȲҪǿϲ٣Ǿϵǿ
½ߺҲ޷⣬˶߶Էͻܵٷɡ
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Ԭ̣ͬ
¶ЦЦֱ䵽˵ĵףֻץµʺ֡
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80 
磬˵ů͵ӣСκϲ
Ԭճ˹Щ㯣ȴǰı䵭ĮഺϢ
Դӱ֮ûֹԬԸ
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81 
ճʮεľͻȻһ顭
βʱΪʡ£ϳʵ뾳ûòѭ򽥽ķ
ǲɣֱӰԬľԼľϴһ飬Թһɨա
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ƺҴ֮˫֮˫޵˵Լﾫң㣬㲻˫ޣ
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֪ճ˵棬ǵıŮ˫һΣѾף֪λ˻᲻ó˵
ճԬݣģҲǲ̣ǿЦСմ绹ҪæѾˣͶɡЩǶĻˣҪҸ㣿
ճСЦһ߹۲Ԭı飬˵ʲô˵Ļʲô޷顣
ڲûС
ճĳŵԬЦʻʢһаСβָЦ˵ճһҪɲҪʳ԰˭˭С
ܵԬɡɱһ۹⣬ճеͷƤ飬ƫƫֲ¶㲻ףЦŵ˵ͷָ


Ԭɷ򸾸ӵ۹߳ԬլԺճȻЩԬᡣ
ԼҪܵ˼˻̷ָӦۡ

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ڻعͷ룬ƺԬֻɫŹ֣Ҳû̫ı飬ѵĬԼŮԼ
̷Ӧճļܸ߰ЦǺǵ˵ϵиˣСǸù׷ܴӾŵӰѧԺȥȴǼߣ˭Ҳۣûҹء
⻰˵ãճЦãʵû뵽þ־ֳȻ˵ġƽ׽ˡ
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һõ׼ȷҽϢڷ
ճﰵ̾Щ˵Ľȷʵ˾̾
һԼȥȡκƷĲҲԸġ

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µùȻûֻʶоƬϤ˼鿪ɣ˼ʮ공һȫްɬ
ʱ䣬Ѿĵࡣ
ճ;ȥһнԼСûؼңȻ˳ҲпգûҪССʱϻؼС
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СǸҳֻҪЩʱ䣬һ㶼Χźת
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ճû˵۹⣬ӦСߴߴ⡣
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84 
ΪǼƵ꣬ƽСǵ͵Ȼһǧ򺫱ҵĳܽ
Ȼ⡣
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ֻЦ֮УǺӰڵһţ˫žžžžĸûа㻹֮ͱ߷ɡ
һȣ˲һȣ·
䡱һڵϣͣ鴤ţӲ˾ˡ
˹ӵϵ壬ͷ½ֱ嵽ӶˣһŤͷ䵽ϡ
嶶˶ֱϣظӵˡ˳ڵϷƵ
ƾЩҲ뵲סҵ׷ɱ̫ˡ
ѱֲģԺİ˸ӢսʿȫûãǰʮƽˣһѪһЦ
ȻǱΪɱ֣ôǹûһҲֻ۸һͨ˰ˡ
ŤŤӣǡı졣


85 ǿƻɱ
վڴǰһɣɭ䣬üë߸
֪ǰĶս⣬ӦþǱĹơ
˹Ķʮ־ˣڽҲ˶ѡ
ţԼǹĸսʿǹĻᶼС
ǰɱ֣þˣʵȴδǿȥܹǹܵԼǰҲֻƾ֮ΪӲѡ
˹ЦǾȭˣ˵ǾŶδȭʦһûʶŶγʲôءֻϣǻӣܴһ㡣
˵һ˵ֱǰ
˫ּڶȸ̧䣬ڷܵһƥֵıһȵ¥塰䡱졣
ĵ̺һ䣬ͱΪƬƬ
˹ʮȽǰĶ͸һӼµĲң۾Ŵ
ƺûڣֻһĿ꣬Ǿɱ˴
ĳһ˵ĿǶԵġ
ȼɣ˹ȫϲ̨棬¹ݵĸֺͽԺĸ߼ʦûаơ
һ㣬Ǿǵ˹ĸ岻һӲܹӵۡ
ѵӪЩѧҼ޸֮󣬵˹ѾܳΪ塣
ȫҪԼؽڴĴ󲿷ֹѾ滻һͶȺӲȶΪµĸĸֽǡ
ʹҲгȫں
ֱֱɱ϶ʮ¥ĵ˹û̫ˣɻѪ
ʵϣЩӵֻƤˣδ˵
һɺҰ磬˹׾룬ͳ嵽ǰ
龪֡
ֱĸоɲܣ඼Ҫͣˣɱ
ʱѹƽ̾ʱҪ
ѾЩûŶٵ飬ֱɻ뿪ˡ
ΣǰߵȫܸȫС
Ŷǻ򾲡
Ϊһɫļ٣˴棬ǰɱ׺ҲŲ
Ҫ߻ɸ֡
ǽǽԺĸ߽׽ʦȷʦҲֻһû˻ỳʵ
˹ĳܵûа仯ɫһ¾ͱѪ졣
ӰɣûԼϣ
Ҿʶһ¹ݵĺڴŶθ־˵
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˹һһȣǰ΢΢ͦ𣬶һȾȻܲã߲ӭȼֱǰ
ۣ
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ŵŵšоʹѣһӲƴȻ˴
ʹˣҲװѴ¶ڵ˹ǰ
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һȵĺ߲߳һ״ӣƤĽɫ߹ɻΡ
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Ҳɫ䣬Ϊͬȼĸ֣˭һȵ
ܰǽڡְһԴĴһȣȻ߲ϵ˹߹ǡ
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ѵӪ켼ʵ˾壬Ǵɱ˵ĻѾ֮ܳΪˡ
ûʱ룬Ҳȥ룬ΣڵϦ
ֵͬһƬƮһɰԲΣء죬һ˹
ѣһġ
ȷѾ쵽ĵز߳һȣɱǹ㶼õ˹˿⣬æڲ棬סһȡ
һֻȴָֹͣצ̽־ʹ̴˴š
ҪƴҲҪɱ˴Ľ࣬µȷ
ݣ
˹һצͰѴ˸ϡá
Ȼֻáأһ졣
һڵ˹ֱ棬ߵֱǰȥֱ۹ͷŤһֲĻȡ
Ȼûá
˹ûб仯Ȼ˷ģ
ɱ˵֣ٲͣ
ü米ŶǹŽһȵĳһͷײش˶ʮ¥䡣
˹鲣׹䣬ڰУִһֶ߲һǽ֮Уֶһϸɲĸ˿
ʮ׸ߵĵط˿޴һϡ
Ը˿ж˹׹ٶԽԽ
䡱һȲڼʵˮĥʯ棬ȳĿӶ
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תֵ˹ϵ·ˣҲ˲ͬһƫĻѪףҲڶ̶ʱ֮ڱ˺ͺĴ
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Ŀɡ
һλǣȭݣճ
˹׽̹ΪʲôҪôһСƵԼûѯʵϰߡ
Ȼ´Ǿֻɡ
ԣһճѾһˡ
š


86 鷳
٣ӻ洫Ϣ˹һСʱǰѾ˴׶ǵĺࡣ
ôòŲ鵽ϢЧҲ̫˰ɣһﷹͰ
ŶɫţֻмΪϸĵ˲ܴпһ˿˿ظ

¶ɱְȭ֣ȴѡˮ֮һ˺ǣС˰ɣ
޿ߵĸ֣Щӡ
˹ѵӪɱϵͳɱ֣ѶԸɱ֡
ĸ췽ùͷѡ
ǱԼҲȷɱʤԷ
¶ͷ˵ֻǰʾȥܲû뵽ľȻҲãٶԸճҪ࣬һ´ʱϷȭʦǿѻ
ţճʵܿ죬һ˹пܶԸ޻ӻ֣ʧȥ˵Ȥ
¶뿪䣬Ƿһ˿Ц
ΪҲ֪ѵӪȨأúɱ˶ȭݽ͸̫ˡƾŪʲôֶΣֻҪʦڣǷֲֲ˲֡

ճľʹֱƵ˱Ժյķˮ
һϣճûֲĺۼҲɵø̾˵ĺܺá
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һϲˣʲôʱûʶֻǵľÿסϴһֵܿ¡
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ճҲò޵۹⣬ȭֻǴִֿ˼ۣ˺ӵǰ
⣬ƾźӵҵʺȭټ͵СӺܿͿͻCȭ֣ﵽBȭȭ1000ϡ
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ˣȭϲϲ˻Ӻա
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···˪˪ɣ쳾
ֻճȭӣͨ˵绰
ճ鷳ˣ취ܻܿɣ绰µܽţûǰǴݵĸо


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100 
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ճ廹΢΢δʱԶ㲻̩ĳȹΧ׷ܻȺҪһЩ
Ȼ㲻ǾͲ㣬ճǷŵЦݡ
̩ȭΪһ¯ԼоƬѧϰǿƥѵܱȥɡ
˫ȱҹڳһڼӣ΢šһȭ˳ȥ
~~
һȭ˴ںһУճĺ˵ͻȻһ֧ܡ
һȭںԼԼֻĲһȭǺ뿪
ճ֣ı˵¾ʹ˾һȭ̩Ҳ΢΢ݡ
ţ¶Цճȭϻ۵úܰѵ֪ȭܸӲƴ
ֳ󶼻᷸ԼȫԸƣ᲻̧̫ˣȫûбҪ
̩ƺһ˫ʽͬճֱ߳ء
ǣûһλͷЩˡ
ճһȭֱͬڹһ㶶ڶԷ͵棬΢΢һڻķ
ۿδ˥Ҫ
ճһֱͻȻ𶯣Ӳжη徢Ϊ𾢣ٴλڽ̩Ȳִ
ͬһطȭȭȭƴ
̩˵ı黹ûг¶ͱһȭõأžһͷ½ˤڵϡ
Ȳһݵģ°顣
һ͸ȶ룬Ʋסƽ⣬ˤһѿƣſڵϡ
ĿճߵѪ졣
ոտ˼ңͱ˼Ҵɹ
Σʵ̫ѿˡ
һۡһЦ漴Ӧæ
ʵǽ̩ˤ̫ѿһȶԴϣǱޱȣһʱûסЦ
³ڰԼһʱճϷȥһý̩˷ͷº󻹲֪ҪЦԼأ
ת۾ͼ̩ſڵء
ܵø졢ңˤǻҳ
³ҲЦ
̩һߡ
ţȭɵԼˡ
ճȭ˵˵ǿһǷǿġƾʲôǾΪһڵ˹ϣ³ѷˣǿȴסһȭ̩㻨Σ䣬ҲܲסһȭͿֶðˡ
ճڶ̶ι֮У硣
ֵ磬ݺݵĽѵһͨ³ˣǶû죬оʮ泩
˸ֿʵ̫ˬˣһٻΪǻء
ڳ˱ճһסо;ǿһʱ֪ôػ
ʵճȴû˵ôе
Ը³ʱɴðԷöԷˡ
˲֪ǣӲӲʱҲ³һȭð顣
Ҫϸ˵˶ǳһСҲ̸˭ǿ˭
ɱƴ֪ʤ
ڽ̩͸Σˡ
ճͷһ֪һЩ似ȻҲһ𣬱仯΢ٳ
ԼأǲҲèѧ


101 ˼ҵ
̩ĻɵݲԼԼԳһҵļ
ճһߣļȭͬʱ֣дͻȻ뵽һ¡
Ȼ̩ܰ˸Ӷŵļȭϵһ˿ӲۼԼأ
ճȭӽ̷ȣȭ⼸ȭǸиĳ
ԵеʱֻãںʵʱúʵȭܶԷ
˵Լøá
ȭ仯֮׵ӦʽϣΪһ塣
ճ̩óѧˣһ
ȭʽı仯ҪǾı仯ȭƮݸ׺߷Էһ֮óԼȭ徢ӽȭ˫ؾһóҲδɡ
뵽ɣսУճһ
̩Ȼȷͣз࣬׺ݣճǲܲ˵һȭ
ȭƣȭδֻӽȭ
ȭ֮£һоͰѽ̩ࡣ
սպգ
ճʮ˷ܣΪ˲õĶ
˼·ȥоƬѧϰ
ԤϣֻҪѧϰȭһգܴﵽ˵ġԼ֮ʩѹƶֵľ硣
ǲѧ
һճ緢ĽѵԷоеһڶȫ˳
ֱ̾Խӳֳ־½ѵճļıճΥĴӦǵҪ
ΪǷ־ִӳȫһ¡
ʱռϷ磬Ȼóʤ׷
Ӧճһ𣬴֡
һ˵Ҿ˵ǵļƻûҪʵʩɣƫƫҪų־Ļôҿֻճһ˾նɱ˹뷨Ƕ࣬Ǿ۽ˡ
˼˵ǵĵ̣ɱ־ͲǲˣԼܸɵ
ճתͷһ֧Լ̬ȣо⡣
һԴӵõճĳŵŹЩȥκƷĲ¾κ˴
ԣڸֳ϶㾡ȫάճ
޹飬Ҳ浱ȡ
ƫƫճȴûа㲻
սĺӣõļıȻ׾ӵĿЦЦıڲصȴȵֵꡣ
ֺճճ㶯κ硣
һ㲢ᣬЩɰ
̩ϵĳ¹ºеЦݣ·ոյǱǳϡ
ЦЦ˵ճȻŰΪֶô羢ܶԸǿĵˣ˹ȴǲͬġųơȻڴţƾ⹥ȴԶԶҿ㻹ǴӦǵļƻһ֣һʧ
ˣճһڻؾ
ֵʵûбҪǧҿ۲أûиһϰߡ
߰ͷһĿš
һòȲʡ
ճӦ죬ӦҲǡôһԴжݵľ֣޷ǾҪס̾;ֳָ־͡
㿴ɣҲǲָɣ׽ɱ֣ĴСˡһ˾ܸ㶨ĵˣƫƫҪŪ飬ЦЦ
ճĿڡ
ǧ˵ʵڻճҲҪܵõȻãòҲǿ
ãȻ̩ճǺ˵³ȴֻֽҪֻɱ˹ǧȥΪҪ֤һֶٲġ
̩ɫãº͵Ц˵Ǿ͵ĺϢˡǻᵽȭΪѵ˹
һΣ̩ûɭָֻ˾ӼҺ˵ģ
ճЦЦͺһһ뿪
ڸ̾˸ģӮ˾ʲôУȫţ˾ʲôˣ˹һĴˡ

ճԶ̩Ͱ³վԭȻһƺڻζղŵĶһս
ΪʲôСӣ˹ŵأ³סʵ
̩ͷŹֵĿ򰲸³㲻Ҳû˵ǧôõ֣ճΪӽȭ˫ش羢ͰΪƵ˹࣬ˡ

˷Ц
̾ץնɱ׷һЩ֣ܻһĺˡ
˵úܾ٣ҪȻ˸ݸܴܻˡ
³ͽ̩ȻǺˣǻڱȻ˸ݸˡ
ճе֣˹ǾԲ᲻ģΪˡ
˼ҵţԶȲԼҵĴģ˶롣


102 ̽
һճͻؼң͸뿪ˣʱ򣬵ճ̾硣
ȥʱȴЦݣһ׮¡
ԼݣܸԣϾ˼ԶǿͣΪǵͷߣܵøӡ
οǾֳָԽҲܵ˳
ճˣǰѽ̩ߴûͷԼԶֻҪġ
ĵľǣճܺõĽη粨ûɲõӰ죬Լܰһæ
ֻҪԺٲճһЩС£ֱ׳ճҽԼҴƷ硣
ųʻռҵıԶԶͷһǺɽɫеľӣҲǰĽ
һСһﵽزԽԽǿˣʵǲ򵥡
~
һ۽ͻȻһӰǰ治Զ߹ӰЩ죬ͣ³ȥȴתһСʧ
һ£·ӣǰߡ
ڸղţ۾ɨ˾Ƭķ⡣
Ϧҫ£һ۾ͿˣǾԶͲεĸ߱Զ
⸽ûʲô۵Ľرûʲôֵ˼Զ۲졣
Ψһпܵģճı
λ룬ðѱ۵ס
ֻͣǲݾߡ˵Ӱ죬е󺣳ĵͷ߷̽º
һƽ참ٸ
ͨУºһƽòƽˣһСС
ǣھֵĵУ˿һˡ
̽ϢǿڷҲ
˵һ˵鱨ͱȵɽ־ּپ졣
ǶϿɣҲǶԾֵĳ
ǳҲΪ仰ȷû˵
ʱҲﷸĲ֮Ҳȥºȥ鱨
󰸱ƣºڱŹ͡
С㰲ˣѧ԰ճ202űעⲻҪţĵĹ۲Ϳɡ
һδ˵绰ճ֮󣬶һп󶼲ܷɡ
ı¼ȫûʲôãճԼֲƽ⡣
ճˣֲܶһ¡
õģӳһ˶ճÿϼβŹһɵ㡣СƱ˵
һ̾˿СЩˣǲİ
ҲֻܽãȻЩëڣڻ͸ҪһЩ
СҲǽճǽ㶢ıո⿴һ߿ңʲôΣաС飬ǧСıˣܳκβ
ţ֤Σȥš־ƺԼϴЩ죬æһڴӦǧǵöӳźá

ճ鼫ãһжϷͽǰѵѡ⣬˳־ı㡣
ǸûбСȭȭʦѵӪ֮УʱҪоŴš
ܲɽ־־Ͳʲôôõ˵
־ʹУҲû취ֻԺ󿴻ˡ
νӱʮ겻
ȵһʱ䣬Ȱ˼
̾һսҲճԼʵһʶ
³ͽ̩ˣһʵˣǴŹһֵĲΡ
ܹķߡ¶﷭˴ĸСϡ
ϸ˵ӦþǸ¡Կ˵Ⱥ֮һΡ
֮ϣ̷ʦ̴ȭʦ֣ټµĸףճҲֻ˵ġȭһ֡ӽȭʦ
Ҳ͹ԼһöѪӵҶӺȭݽܿơ
˶ôЩ꣬˭Ҳѹ˭Ӧڲ֮䡣
ξǶ֣ϴﵽδԷĵز
Ѿܵñ˲òɵճĽһ־硣
ǰһСȭ֣оһСɫ
Ǻȭֹǣ̾ڣǵ˿Ļɫ
ѵӪľӢȭǣҲһ
ΪǱ
һսȴ֪̾ˣСȭֲԶСȭ֡
֪£˴ȭʦѹһͷ
Ҫ˵ճڹҲһˡ
һе仯ͿԿ
һĽύռ˺ܴԭ򣬶ճ˵ʵû̫ྴء
һζս̴ȫˣճֳҲֻǹúá׼
ȭϵĳɾͣҲô¡
һΣ˸ʱһ̬΢ı仯
ͷһξãճܵһβĺҽʸΪǷ־ֵһɽ
´Ǿĸ֡


103 õС
֪ǣ֪
ճһֱѧȭһֱоԼԶ
˽̷̴ɣǺųʦӡ
ԣԼҲûж
ʹûٲʦҲʦӣ֮
һսӮ˹̾һӣճӮġ
ӽԺͲԼٵһСһȭʦԾ
ܶʱȭսдս
һһɣ¶֣ôҲܷӳȫʵ
Ҳ̴˵߱η߲εԭڡ
ճջ񣬸о鼤
ߵԺϵ׺ʹľ׮ǰ
ѲһЩ⣬ճ˿оһ㲻ʡ
֮Ѫǿ׳֮ҲĶʧȥη塣
ȿǱ亮ʲôӰ죬ǽڡ
˳ӦȻȻ
ֱ󣬳
ԺһɨϼƬҶ裬˸оһ˿塣
ԭǣһͬġžž
ճ˫ۣƺһֻצ㣬˫˫ŴһƬƬӰӡ
ϸĻͻͬǧֹһ˺ֱܶۡ
ľ׮Ҫ϶Ҳֻǳٶȣһֱܡ
뵽˾͵ÿճӽ̩ʶôѧΪһ¯Ǻʺ˵һ˼롣
ǴˣʲôʲôٶȣܱȲǱʶӦ
ˣھͱ۾ſգһж
տʼȭȵʱЩĿİЩ϶
ʮ֮ճĳָǰ
˵˶٣˸ı䣬ȭŽӽ̷ȵķ顣
һΪԭʼĶƫƫôгȻ
ճϱޱϲû뵽ϰľ׮Ҳƽ
ǰδеٶȷֻԾоƬռȭ鲻ġ
ģžθߵĳΣĳȭѾø򵥣Ч
۳ȭǳȣôô
򻯵Ĺ
˫ȻڸóȵʱȣһжгȻ
Ժе硢Ҷһ𹹳Ӷͳһ塣

С߽ͿһĻ
Ϧҫ֮µճƺŽ⣬ĺδ߰ļϹ
Ľϣڡءļ£ɢص
ۣС飬˧㿴Ǽ⣬۲ˣ翴۾ֱðСǣɫκؿڽеҾˣһҲҵˣҵճ
ɫԵı飬ѣ˾ᣬܿɰ
ң٣껻˼ˣճֻûĽл䲻м˵
Ϲ˵ξԲỻˣǰϲЩ˹ĵˣ쿴ճ磬Ҳŷ֡м˲Ÿ㿴ߣǰ˿СҪε
𵹣ιҿɷס㡣
˵Ųȴַס
ó˵ĸܺá
򣬻Ļˣͷߵ޻Ҫ͡
ȥ˭ˣæƿֵ֣Сý򣬾͸оǰæ˹ǰΰڵ
СŮЩԼùݵǵطƽǴ򣬻ܲʮֲ㡣
ȡЦʱûлĵ
ľЦſˣȴǲ죬Ϊֻ֪սȦԼҲȥ
Ȼ紲ͷļżˡ
񣬸ǸżϲľñˡСģܶҲ¼ûš
鲻˵ʾܵȻ
ҪԼҸ統ҲûΪͿӹԷĵϷȴǵ͹Сıˡ
䱻С껳Ķ˸ϲ͹˰ռұˣʲôʱĿζôˣ
һЦţҲԼЩ˵С飬Ҳܹĸȥ磬޵ġ
ޣˢһºˣЩӸ˴þˣеӦ˷ԷȴǲӦĺƤ
ҽȻҾͽи粻ǳԣǶˡ
ǧһ볢ճء
ŮæС
ߣǾֺҰɣ齾İͷ϶ǰճĲκóԣڽǰһˡ
СѾͷѵѣϧݸ飬ŰѺóԵĺĸǷ


104 
ת֮ճҲͲһЩҩš
ΪҩŨصҩζٺãʼոı䲻Ϊҩıʡ
ζɫϣʳԶ
ռҸıףճʽ仯ֵʵ顣
ʹûгԹôóԵĶһԻ˵ܳԵʳһָж
ǰûҲҳûӪĶ
Ůʳ٣Եһ㣬׷ζӪͻࡣ׷Ӫ֮ճͶ˼
оƬɨ費ֻѧ˵ȭʽҲá
ճо˸ʽ֮󣬻⣬ȥ˸ҷꡣ
˼ҳԶĵطɨ裬ЩƲȫѧ˸˾Ųʮ
ңиƣۼƷ죬ôֵϷӦ
ʲôزζŻã
ĳʦҪ²;飬ճȫˣܿõ
صУ¶һ֣̾ͰСõθˡ
Ѿͷܶ£ҲҪճʱ仹Լ֡ÿճȤˣҪ³ˣ˵øһ
ҲǲСĸС˵˵ǲ淢Ҳ䷹
ѹּлһֻһ㣬һЩ͸ɫСˣǵճûˡ
˶ȵˡ
ճһ籩Ĺƴ꣬ȭվ
ϵĺˮͬٲ£ڵһ̯ʪۡ
ʵһڳճоȫĶɿ졣
ľҲøӻԶ紵ҶҶ·ܸӦ
һεȭϴƿһЩǰĳͿ⡣
⣬⣬һоС
ڲ֪֮С
ÿһڵĺˮ
Ůӵ˵Ȼ˶Уһȭһͷ󺹣̾СŮʵǲˡ
֪ԼСýѣǶԻǴˣǧҪС׻ŮӲźá

Ҽǵǣǡװ졯ǡһ롯ˣô˶
ȭƣճӭ¶һЦӭŮ͡
֮оֲƷճԻȤڣúˣȻϣñҲֳɹϲá
䷹ΪǺܻӭġ
װ죿
ָЦǰǰ·㱻ЦѿˣճЩզࡣ
ղˣ˲װ죬ĳ졣
˸֪ոյķԷѾճȫȥ
ǰ˵ͻСҪ˧еˡ
ջ˵סԸٱ뺷ҲЩܲסЦϹҲס˵Цɶճ˵ء
룿
Цһͣûʲô롭ðۡ
˵˵žͷӦ˹˹Ц
ճһٲúϲ£죬ŮǿʲôҲ˵⻰߶Щ󰡡
ɶ˼֪˾֪֪Ҳ׵ġ
ЩĿ˿СãһͷˮĿСú֣Ȼȫû֮
ɵһԼСúã崿
գӵŮõŮ
ӹеĲˣҲճдǣѾͷ¥¥¹ȥʱЦռҶ
ȵճϴȥһȴ˸Сڰʰϵذ塢ҳ
ճЩգæװûͣҪ˸ɻСǽ
ճҵı˲ãҲٴһֱΪҲûܹ˷̵ӣöûӶˡ
ֻϵ˼˾һΣҲϱֱĽྻ
Ҫ˵жɾȫ˵ˡ
˵ЩͥŮˣһаʱڸſڵϣػذѼĵذ嶼һĲĨɾ
ڿŮˣճǺ𾴵ģԼҲŪȫܲˡ
һû̫Ҫûн񱣬ֻҪϸɾУǾԼʱ䣬÷׷һЩ棬һ˷ڵذϡ
ճżͽ˳һ£⼦ֻĸ
֪˭⣬Ķȫ
ѵˣȻþŪһˣճŪ
׼Ģӱóɱȥȥ࣬кá
ŮʱҲˣճˣǿȥҲûʲôͬ
ߵһߣʵС飬㲻˵պôҿв˵ģȻ˧ûеȻ˾ͷȫкð
һû˵ΪǶƬвеúֻǵãҲþͺܺóԣȥְɡ
ȫôдˣСþһ֡
ճֺǺǵĿżһ֣û


105 쿪
ճЩ˵˼·ʵͨӲһҪɫζȫ
ǰѲճһ齹̿ҲʳͳԵ泩㡣
Ϊĺʵǲˣһ⾳ǴӰߵľжѧġ
˵ĳҲֻһ¼ܵȣ˵ѧһǶѧãõճ֮ȥ
˵õĳʦ˲ˣһÿһԼꡣ
־磬ճǲģ쿪ȥ
׼úͰԼľÿһʽȥˡ
ȺжͲѧľɣԾö˼Բ졣
ĢȻܰҵζŶۣȻŨŨ㣻ˮȴδ󺣵ãس˿²ԭϢ
⼸ҳ˻סСŮɫʡζҲô𷹵Ҳȥ
ճԼŪļˣЩ
ˣ
ò˵ŮǺڿģճк׼ȫˣ黹ÿ˵һϡ
ճЦǺǵкҵաЩڴĿż˳ԲˣĪĹâ
ԼСʱûнô쿪뾫ֻǾѧĳó
ٷעüʲôоճҲ֪
ѵõļ˿ˣֳһ³ա
ֻСõĻֻҪǸķˣкóԣȫԲ
ֿ죬־ͼһ鶹һճ
ΪţԼ䷹ôҲøӣһҲðȥ
ŵһ۸ӿ飬ױȵĸжԼͷĶˡ
һȥȫƤ
ʲôˣֻǶ붹˫ַƲסټУټС
ҲòȥԵ˿
̸о𣬷·𿴵Ĳԭǰ鲻Ϸŷɡ
ָоԴûȥιѧ˵ޱȵˡ
ԵǼЦӯӯĿСʧ̬ЩЦͬʱҲɻ
ҨһͺȥͻȻ䣬¡
ƺصǰ軹ڣһڵΧŷޱܰ㡣
ճȫģһ˲ͣĳ԰ԣȫͣŴסˡ
ʵǡ벻εĲʽʧˡѾǳԷǱˣʲô˷Ҫ
˰ϵĲ˳ԵõβʣȫԼСӣ꣬һʱ˵
ճ׼İʰˣεʵʧˣõĶõУĳ˵ԼŮЩôġ
Ҫ뿪һ̫̫óˣҶˣ̫ǵܡ
һУ䶼ѹȫͬĵͷԼӣűãӡ
ճһ㾫⾳ʽȻжǰ
ԵʱܸоˣֻʣŨŨĸж
ͬһӰܵˣжˣָоҲʧˡ
˺ó𣿡ճЦʵ
ȻóԣҴûԹôóԵĲˣСȭͷеС顢ǲǰ
ţ
ҲǵͷЦüë
ģȫû뵽è壬ΪǲƷζ
ճһ亹
Ҳˣ޺
˵ֳմʦõȫȥȰһˣӦҲ֮УѾ뵽Ʒ֮ˡ
ʵͬԭ޲
һĶ
żòеŮճȻˣӦôȥƷľѡ
ƷѪɷϢ̫ǿԼľﲻƵЧ
ȴû뵽ʱı⣬ҪǿдﵽֻҪһӣǱĬĸıС
뵽ճ˵ףһξͿԳʱƷ½һ֪ϢӦûܿİɡ
Ե̫ˣȻ˵Цġ
һᣬֻԾڱתתȥصӡ
ճ֣˹ȥסСʵǶڸʲôо֡
סЦҲС˵ٺסòԶҲ˵ⶰһЩõĴţӴúܣǲ£ҿǷܼණء
ԭˣճЦã˶º޲öߣСﾹȻҪŰ治֪˵ʲôˡ
ķˮѾƵǸ°ֵҲӰҲʲôΣգô涼УûΣա
ֱˣСͣʧĻؼȥУһʧܵѰ֮УڳһķˣҲһˡ


106 ܲò
գãճǰԺƺվ˰СʱĶǯȻͿʼϰľ׮
Դ֪ڼϰĵճҲҵ
ϣεϰǱزٵġ
˶ѧ۱ʵѵѡ峿ͰʱΣ̫˲ãҲС
ң˶ʱ಻Сʱ
ЩΪ˶ʱԽԽãʵһᣬ˶峤Ӱɳ
ճ𴲣վСʱ׮һСʱȭ˰Ҳôһأоÿ춼棬һš
Ȼ1.0֪ܿͿԴﵽ1.1ˣ1100ȭ
Ǹ۷ĸֶƴҲо̫
³ΪڹǿƣճƴһأҲֻǵȭ1500ҡ
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£ΪŮ֮е࣬Ȼﵽ۷壬ȴֻ1200ҡ
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Ҫǿ˭ȭ죬ٶȸ죬ռƣٽȫ⡣
˶óͣܳȥˡ
ѵգСԼãҪϽһˡ
ճȴҪȥȭݣԼõʱ䡣
ΪȭʦᣬѵӪȭ֮һѾʽ߲֮С
ȻҪͬϵȭּ棬໥һ
һΣճ·ϵʮ¥ˮ
¥ҽҺǸǺĸݵأʮ¥ȭʦۻĵص㡣
רŵĸסλ͡

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ϣճʱȻŽ¶ഺϢϮ˶
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˵Żߵӱϣճһ裺һɣȱ裬߿ҲУҺܿͺá˵䣬ֻͷ˵һμҪҪĿ񣬻һս⡣
ճɻĵ˵ͷȴҲֱͣӽ䡣
ŵķ棬ܿʹˮ
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ڴǰߣŻⴵЩ磬̧ͷϸϸҡ
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ճעȴЩ棬پװƷҲװƷע
ķ֣ϰһ鼮ȴһЩȭۡ
ӽػ߼ɡʮ֮Ρ̫ȭ֮ݱ䡷Ӱ˼ȭ
Ҳ鷿
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ڼ֮վ͵ļϣ߳Խ͵ĵ·
ʮ౾ȭۣճ̤ϸ߷
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ճİĿӡӽȭػ߼ɡ˻
۾Իζһ£̾˼飬оǳǰģģ֪ȥ֪ΪʲôҪôôȭȡøõЧѹ˶Ҹʦиûȫͬ
ƾоƬɨ裬ճڶ̶̶ʮʱڣʮ౾ĲȫԺ
ֻԿһ£ͶԼȭ˸̵⣬оԺִһţҲ֪˰Ժǰķ
Ҫһ¡
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߰ɣʱ䲻ˣҪ˼ҵȵ̫εļϵѡ£е㸴ӣǱ߱˵ɡ
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ůɫ·ϸ彿۵ƤճЩƲ۾
֪ǸոϴԭʣЩߣµЩκ죬ᴸճһȭЦûŮ۾һ˺ܲòġ
ճٺһЦ˭ʸҶ࿴۵ģùԼ̫


107 
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¥ҶǼĻңһյ䳡
޵̺̺мһĽɫ֡
ʱѾվ߰˸ˣȫͲ󣬿ܾ
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һ˫۾ŨŨ⣬ʮԶճһ·ֱֹǡ
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ԽҲ磬ճҲ׼ֹǵһҲ֡
ֵǣվм䣬һʮ߰ңźɫɽװ촽Ʋľ꣬ʱǱĿ
еĶ⣬ԲԼʲôøС
м˭
ճͣ½Ųתͷʵ
ɫЩ˵ǾҶʦĴӣɽȭʦɳ֮еĵһ֣һҰѵӪĿ˹֣֮ʹ˼ʹӿ̿ࡣġҶײػȹѾӰΡĵزǲöԸ
ɽӰţ
ճ˵䣬ȹŵıƾǷɽӰţ׹
ȷڵӰбʶһ°
ֻҪҿҾѧ
оƬճ㹻ĵȥԼǵĸֹȫĳԲ¶ǣˡ
ôȷ̴ֵʮ̷֮ϣܲϲء
ˣҶӵĴӣһġȭǿߣôԼոճСȭжԹء
û
ճɽ޵Ķ⣬š
¿˿ɽС˵˵ȭȷǺܲЩϷһųƵһƽ߰ýݲ±ˡӦǾ㲻ʸȭʦᣬ仰˵㡣
ճ˵ͷ׹ԭνġ߾ӡ˼֡
ãһʦŶҲȷʸ񿴲ˡ
˵ϷһųƵһĻﲻ
˵ġųƵһʵǲǵһǾͻҪһ֪
ճЦΪ¶ЩںأȴԭҲС˼
²֪ﰵԼֻԹԵĽ˵ɽԱߵǸ¶ģŵһѡФ㽭ǰʦǿݣһȭտޱȣΪʮֵ͵
룬ֲһ˵Фʱ㽭ֳ쿳ɱɱʮʱ뵱غ֯˫ºܴΪĹ浶ǹģԺѶԸ
ճϸȥФվ۹۱ǣǹģƺճ˽Įģó߹ġ
ȭʲôȭճȻġ
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һ˶ֻ֪೤ú˧ȴ̫֪õʲôȭ˵ȭһ֣ɾ׹ˡ
ﳤǧƺˮϣ
Ԫ׵似ȭһӾݵü
ФľȭҲȭóԸĶ֣ʮɱֹ֮һ
ȭգбɱһֻƷԶĵӣô˵ФƷ
ճ
ҲȷͬˣҲʱǰȭúܽȭֻҲ˵
Ϊճô룬ܰѺŵ˫ƷԶһ
˵վڳϢ࣬˸룬ҲʲôƢ
¾˸֡
ȭȭһͷԶţһ׼ҵࡣ
˼ĹңʮȽӦȭȾ⣬û̫㣬ֺдܵĶ֡
ҶӵĶͩǹַȭȭֹǣǻ˫ȭһȭ
ʵճȻģôϣǶѧȭЩڴ
һɫݣƫСˣغһȭˣΣӦߵɶ·ӡ
ճֱй񫣬ӰкܴϷȭ˽òˡ
ճȥһܸ˵Ŀұ죬ȴһڴ֮顣
νǧȻʶһ˹Ȼˡ
Ӵһ¸ɵӣǵȭѧУ㲻ʺԼȭҲܴеõӪԺȭżô
էճΪˣȻֵúţֻǴЦݣǰһһʺá
ô˵ǶͬȭʦˣϵĻԺǹͬЯȰѵӪſ¡
һαѵӪĿ˹仨ˮЩ˰ǱʦǱһڶ
һεֻɹʧܡ
£ÿһֵļ룬һ
ճţΪԼӦûܵһӭ
ˡ


108 ˺
ճӽμһ𣬶ԸѵӪˣվ͸ˡЦŽ˵
ĬѿĳĬ
ȭФԾ۹۱Ǳǹģûһ
ȫû˵ȭԱߺĿճֿ˿ɽԥһ£Ҳûж
ɽĿճһᣬ˵ԸѵӪǼ͹ˣʦĳļһָܵ˹ɣûȤһ˷ѿˮ
㿴ͿɣҲϸȥʲôαسأճŭϵЦݽס
ת˵ղ˵ܿ˹˭ţҼԲãˡ
ɫЩÿ۾תת΢Ʋشû˴ܿ˹ȫ˼ҵ°ܽء
һΪȫӮ˼أԭ˰ðɣֵýճЦúܻ
Ϳˣڳ˶ٸɽӣɽ֪ʲôԭ򣬶Լúܲ˳ۣһھˡ
ȻҲûҪʲôˡ
ֻ˵棬Ҳû˵һҪùϵ˵㲻ùϵܲܲμûбȻϵȻίȫ
Сӣ˵ʲôƾûͻƵԱֻŮ˱ռЩСˣҲӶˣϽģжԶԶﲻġ
ֹǿճ˵Ц̬ܣըˡ
ϴ֮ǰοԼΪ¸ճֻϷʵӦòǿ
һΣҲƭԼˡ
ճعͷĶֹ˵ǶŮ˱󣬵˼ҾԸҶ㣬˻ءʲôֵ죿
˲βҲɨɽһ£־סµ֣˵С£߰ɣ̫û˼ˡˣǸʲôţ˼ҪҿûôʱЩĵ˷ѡ
±еȣɫЩȻĺΣüһ壬Ҫ˦֡
룬ͣסճƣЦ˵ҲʱɣҪǽšԺȭʦˣҲóһ
⻰˼ǣճӴҲбˣӽһʲôȻҲٲһݡ
ҪǣֻҪʵǿȻܹȭʦ׼
ǰΪһӵȭ֣ǱٴҲûʸϷġ
ҪҲ롣
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ǴսԱ̫٣ʽսʱ򣬻ûսһ
Ǽֶһʳȫء
ֹǣǺϼӺޣǵŮΪ˱Ľǿǰ;ʵ̫ѹˡ
ճжֿûˤ֣ɴϲ
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ȻǸĹҡ

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һֱճߣҲʲôҪһӸ˵˿ŰСõ뿪ų⡣
һСӮһCȭֵĻɫʲôʸԼЩӢᲢۣ
ȭʦᣬֱԼ˵ĵΡ
ɽһͨѵոճڣûüˬУͱճӲֱ˻ȥ
ճͿˣ֮⣬ûһĻӭġ
ȻˣҲûбҪӣһɢƾ

̴ʦ涯ֹοôһЩӵܡ
ǿ޷ǾɽҲֻµľ·
۷壬վֻǰѡ

ֹͨ죬֪ճҪԼʦ֣λȭӴ˸к
ҪСһ֪ԼʲôǣСˡ
ǹԹԵķ룬»ȥһϸȭ֡
רĴȭСǮ椺£붼Ҫȥ룬Ǹã
ǰĹ·չûã˶ӡ
Ψһû뵽ǣճͲﺬһǰһһͣ
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˶ֹ֪ڿ׷£Ů񣬲඼ħˡ
ʱճµȫŤͷֹǣ۾ź档
裬ֹǸоζըˡ
ͨ죬ǰһźճ˹ȥ
ֹ˫ֳʻצƷȴȭͻɽ򷨡
Ų벽ǰ˫ʽ̽צֱץճߣʮֺ
ǱúͿˣҲûճУ᲻˵ʹ˱磿


109 
᲻̫ˣ㿴Ūɲ̫áҶӵĻʹһźɫ˿װˣԼĻ׺룬Щĵʵ
еźȲ裬ӵ沣ȥʮ¥䳡зһУȫ۵ס
źɫװˣȭʦ
ǰԼͽǣҲſܷһ˳ȭͷ
ԼͽФ⣬һӽͷǿˣһ϶Ǹģڡ
ȭˣͽʦʦҲͽܡ
Щȭ֣ΪյһõӣȻ¡
ҶʣСˡ
ΪǵĹףӽȭ󡣺ں⣬˵ӽȭ֪ʵ١
˵ӽȭƫСɶ̴򣬱ȭûʲôƣֻ˵ǧ
ܷ֮չ׳޷Ǿͽҵúöѡ
˿ԱһŵˣҲǰ̾Ϣ
Ϊȭһ֣Ҳûжӽ
ȭԴӻԪʦ֮ȴҲţԼЩ󱲵Ӳ
겻ѵĿҲԼұӣȴЩο
ΪȴҲڱˡ
ΪФСɽ꣬ɽȭһһλÿ¾͵͡
ФҲɽ٣ʤҲǺĩ֮䡣
ŵľҶӣʱӣҲڿųΡ
Ļ˵СҲãԼôܸ˶еѪûд
ճɽֹǼһԲϾҪּ֣ɡΪûѪԵվҲ̸ϸѵӪ̨ͬˡ
ֿͬûʲô´ԣжɱ֣Ȼɱ
ճ᲻ֹϣҶȴǲôġ
þҲûʲôȭ˲Լı£Ʊˣһȫҵġ
ƷһڵȴĳΣȲͺȲ衣
ӯӯЦ˫ǵĹâ˵ȷõģ㿴žͺáҵǺճôӦԣС¶ǰһ仨
ʦ֣ճѧӽȭģͲ⺢ӴˣѾͷ쭿ɾͲÿˡҶҲЦ˵ֹǳȭ˵СǵĻ˫˺ܴѾͷôͿأõĺӡҵļУǱ󣬸ġ
ȴÿɷֻǵͷ˵ȭȭ˵Ǳ̫ģԼѡáҶʦͽܵʱӦýкٳ֣ÿ㡣
Ǻǣˣ˫ƣõŴкСӦˣͱʾûʸȭʦһ֣ĸáҶӵ˵
ӲμᣬԼҲȭݵķֲȭһͷҲô⡣
ҲΪ֪ƢãԼ˷
Ȼûзֻһڲ裬˵˵ҲԣͿճԼ컯ˡܴܲӮ˹һչҲÿԼֹǶ򲻹ǻ˵ʲôأ
ҶܿճӮȴˣճǼģǰҿ̫һѪӵʱûܽȥôܴӮǣʦ˵Цˡ
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ҶӺǵʵĻһ˿߸ϡ
ҲѹˣսӽȭֻԼŮһҪǿ̫࣬ҲϺеĶҪǿһЩ
Ǵɽǰٷְռһλս״ɲġ
Ȼ˵Ʋʤƣͷ˭Ҳܱ֤λʸȭʦսȴҶġ
ƵϺ̧ͷЦúܴ飬ɳɤ˵ڸˣԶźôУôսǵ컯Ӯ䣬ǲܵġ
һֵʱ䣬ŻῪʼԺ˭죬øǿڻ֮硣˵ʩ۶ߣܿճĹ֮ҲһȿŰɡ
пܲϣ۾ȴͬӤһ㴿
Ҷ̫֮ңʱʱҪ£Ϻǲġ
ڼ̸Ц˼ȴǽţɱڡ
ֹһл˫Σвʧ鶯ֺһ֮¾͵ճĲ档
ܺãܿ˸ճֵ£ֵֵ
΢΢һЦֹǹճûгֳ֣˳Աһ˿
д棬µľٶʵѰζ
ѵղŶճðȻǣֵľٶҪֹǵָѵ
ǲ԰ֹǺ۾ʹֵʽ顣
ճǱˣɲһѵ£пܻź
Ҳţ


110 
ȴڰЦֹΪճǵǸСѹģȴ֪ճѾͻ˰ѾҪߡ˭񡣡
һ˵õù˶Ϊճֻ²ôΪ
Ϊֻճѧ츳ξˡ
ճֹǣûתͷһ΢΢벽Ϳÿֹ̽Ļצ
ƺȫûо˼ͬߣһ˳һͰֹǵĹȫѹס
еĹȫɱҡ֮С
ճЩӿľ׮ĳɹչֳˡ
Ӧб֮ԭҪһĹӦԣͬܡ
ﻹûôѾõѡָоޱ泩ճҪ
оƬѧĽΪʺԼȭȻôͳʽǿ䣬˽ͬ˴Сһڡ
˵ֹǵʵһ磬˴ͬһճҲţ֮Ͱ¡
һ̯֣һƷɽ
뾪̾¿۾͵͵սҲüë͵һ
ӽȭƼܣбӦȡ
ף
мҲǲ졣
ᣬҾȻˣ˺ܲ̾
ʵˣʵսָӣһ£ӢŶ֮Ҳռͽܣȭ
ʱһճһ֣Ȼдҷ緶ɵ̾
ֹǳֵ͸ճֱɽӢʿĶԱȡ
²ʶֻ»Ȼ
һϣ档
ҶӸոֿ콩۾ֱĶųˣҲ˵
Ҳʼˡ
ֻһУܿս֮޴Ĳ࣬ѵֹпܻ䣿
Ȼ
ճѹסֹǵĹƣһ΢΢бȷ·ܸһƮƮޱȻƲ˳ȥ
һȾһˣȻ˸Ƿ˸Ȼֽţȫûаɱ
ӽȣ
ճõľӽȭȷҲЩľ׮߳εһŵλߡ
ȼΪΣȲߣ΢ֹ࣬ǾȻûзְס
ճһ̯ѹȫʧǰ㣬ȴճһȾĵ˹
һѸΣֹǵ벽ߵǰأͨһʧǰ㣬ڵϣϥǾʹޱȡ
ǰԵһʱûзͷȥ硱һͿһͷ
ճæ˵ѽֵܣǧô񰡣˵ǸУαؿͷأҿܲ𡣡
꣡
һţճһı飬̲סЦ
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ƽ￴ǽС΢ı󶯣ʱ
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ճҲûڳЩʲôҲǴҪֹǡ
֮Բ棬ױԼΪһ¡
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еĵӶøбʲôô
Ȳʵõֲʸȥ
Ȩֻȭʦĸ߲㣬ǽŻҶӻļλ
ҶһǰܿȭݷֲһְȻȨ˺ܶ࣬ܶĴȴһû䡣
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ճĸӦǲɫĲ棬ż˫۾ӵĿԼ
⼸˫۾ѹֻܴǿžճһֱζסĸо
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ճȻ֪ĶЩʲôˣ²⡣
ҶΪ϶һǰ㹻ĵ϶Ҳڻ˭Ͳˡ
ɷϵǣʦȭʦôĿԼˣϷɲΪе÷ţһˡ
˵ĳֲΪ֪Ķľ֡
ճƾһ˿켣뵽˺ܶ࣬ҲˣƱزƽմǰӹ֮
˲Ѫʲôˡ
б¾͵ԽԽܵõô
ڲͬ¾Ҫȡͬ·ʽճһ㡣
˼˵˵ĺ統ң⻰ȷû
ճΪСö࣬ͻúܶ࣬Ҳ˳硣
˴ԭʮоŸ붼벻̫ףȴһ
С涺ţʵǸֺӣúЦ˾ͻ˵
ȻѧСȭԸһֱûʲôı䡣
㽭ʱͿФҴɱӣʱСӲֻʮ꣬͸һѲ˵òȺ֡
Ϊݺ£Ϊµӣȫ춼̸
ʱճ赭дͰֹǴùؿͷſĳԵϷֶ˼
תͷǺЦ˵֣Ǹӣ㻹ûΪӰɣҪøͽܡ


111 
Ծɰ˷粻Ķ裬ǴЦĿ˿ɫڵҶӣ˵ǿɲУճȻûӽ£ʵȴҵӽȭѧ˸ͨ͸øͽܣҴӦС¶Ҳǲϵġ
ȻĶͷ˵г֮ԭ⿼ҶˡһѾͷʱ鷳
ˣΪ˼ҪճŮ
˼ŮԼͽܣȻ롣
ǲһӣЩҲġ
ҶӿֹǱſϣоϻģĶԻ־䶼·Сһͷ
ϺҲŲ豭ǰ
ڣݡ
Ҷȴ֪Ϻп϶ҲЦֻǹ˼Լ棬õЦ
ǰҶӿɾĴԼұͽֹǣ˵˫ȭѧüãΪʮְ䣬ճЬ
ûȴϵʵصĴһơ
ֹǵĻ˫ѧüãճɴܣǲ˵˫ȭͲ̫أ
֮죬֮ݣ˵ȥĻջҲʣװˡ
Ҷӿһ赭д˵⺢̫ˣƽͽ̵ǶҲȫԸû뵽˶߷磬ɵúúѵһٲС
žţһ
ÿɷһֱǸƽ͵ӣѼʱ򣬸һЩ޹ؽҪС棬첱Ӵ֡
Ҷ˵֪ԷֻһʱϹҲסҿѡ
⻰˵ճӮˣӽȭȫˡ
Ҷ˵Ưһ㣬Ҳ㲻ʲôûҪȥִ
˵ϺҲûɸȴһ۾಻ɳӵ
Ҷ۾˵ϹЩˣһʵҶ֣֮ˣһһǶСͽˣһʲôⲻģҾͲ㿴ճӽȭѾˡ⵽ȭɿȻĵز˵ֹǣǴɽƾȭһӮ
ܣСǺȭһҪǱȻȻҵĻ˫ȭǲĲһҶӱ˵ͨ죬Щ޵˵
ҶײػӰǺҵȭҲǳصģҪҿԷ㡭
˵һѲ豭£˵Ҷʦܣ֣С֮ıԾСԼָ°ɣα˺أϷϷ
ϻͷҲͲٴ̼ҶӣֻаЦ
ɽųһȭһԼҵФҲһ㶼ûȥ
ֻ˵ʵڲ֮䣬˭Ҳѹ˭
ǣ˭Ҷȭݷֲ꣬أ
ȻҶȥΪʧܣѵӪĽܿƶ˲һְ󽵣ȴҲԼִ㽭Ǩǵʿܱġ
˵ͽһȻֲ£Ǿֻܱ
ɽڵعȻǱФҪ࣬˫ȭҲӲİȭȥøЩ졣
ֹǶ£ҶӱһͷȻˣ˭Ҳʲô顣
ȻƢãþûƢ
ƽʱϺһҪŭȴǺֲܿһ顣
֣ΪаҪͷҰˡ
սɲ˵˵ġ
˻ʦ໥ָ֮ʤܼѡ
ÿһʦѾԼɵĹ¯࣬ڻͨ϶Ǻܶࡣ
ֻҪԼѰҳУһ¶Աࡣ
Ϊˣս˾ò˼飬ɽֹ
ôһˣϲȴò
һˡ
ڵĽһ仰±ƽ
Ҷ͵ȴûô׷£ʱŶճ˳ˡ
ǰֻûжõСӣȴǵӣ޲Լͽܰ仨ˮݺݵĽѵһ١
һ˵ճɹ˱˵ӣҲһֽ
ܱϲǲϲܵ˵ûҪ
һ㣬ճܹ׵ġ
ֹǶôҲҿˣʦֵƺµЦֱߵ޵ݡ
ʽճܣȻ˵ѡˣ۹ⲻУеֻǸݰ
ݰͷվ䵽ԼͷϣԺô׷£
ֹǵڵѪоһƬҰȻڶʮ¥ܿա
Ŀʦɽֻʦֳ֣ճݺݵĽѵһΣҪޱȲУǴˡ
ɽһ̣·ȫֹǵ˼Ϊ˲˵ͷ


112 д
ɽʦҶƢһԼҴпúҪ˫ȭôСӡ
͵ô
ֹǼȻһôǶʦͩϳҲճֵ˺á
ͩѧȭ͹ַȭΪ˺ʵڣȭҲˣһЩ͡
ˣȭĹЩ㡣
Ȼﵽ˰磬ʵսȴôḻƽǸֹǶսҲҪ򵽼ʮвӮ
ȥԸճȻЩ
ϾճֹǽֻһС
ȻҶ˵ֹֻһʱ⣬ڳȫˣܿе
ճȭ缫ߣֻԲһ壬Ȼҵ㡣
֮Уû˭üɴ
ҶＫŭȴҲֻţɽȴԲ͡
ҪһӣҪݺݵĽѵһճЩǲܵġ
ɽ̶ʱ֮Ȩףǿ
һΣҪʤʤճƴϼжǶԺȭĨڣѻ˫ȭͷȥ
ɽһɫ˿ͦȳƣӢ
ü֮仹һ˿ᣬ˳վڳͬһɣȷȭһһķ緶
ȵһȫôˡ
ճΪԼӽȭúãҿ㻹̫Զʦһʱְ㣬ˣСûõġϳҴ֣ҽ̽ʵսȭӦô򣿡
˾Ҫȵףɽζ
СʱĸӣϴѹƷļžҪţնι
ÿμ˼ҵĺӸ߸˵߽ѧãȴֻܿš
ܵõѹʵ̫ˣû飬ֻĺһɻҡ
һڳʳɽҲĶ͡
˵Щվ±ȡ
ʱһȥɽһ쳤Ҳڷ˲
˿۹ٲºУǴĳЦӣʮһ껹ûѧõĺӣﶼǲ˴ġ
ǱĴʡ
Сѧ꼶ĵܵҲʱʱ¶ԽС
ЩҲûʲôɽЩٶ۵ĸоǺ⡣Ѿϰ
ֻÿɵܰ︸ĸֵһ񣬸ϳһٱ
תһ׽Ū
հɽŷţĿһݻؼңõĸĿ佱
һȲݺȴԼҵţˡ
ɽ˰ûҵڳÿҪˡ
ţûҵȴˡ
ʮĳһ˵Цһ˵ֻҪɽϹͰţ˵
û飬޶۵ҲܴӦ顣
ɽ֪⼸ǣҵţίַŭںۡ
ĬĴӵϼһСʯͷͰʮĳư׷·
Ӵǰ׷󣬴۴ޣڴ˵²˽¡
һ꣬ɽʮһꡣ
Ҳһ꣬Ҷ;Ӵ壬ͷβһĻ
ɽܵÿãѵõһӺݾһĺӡ
ƫƫûϹѧһŰֽôҶӾͶͽ˼
ɽҶӵ״ͽܣϰ䣬ķںǰ
ҶӼﾭӪһݣһҽҩ˾ǮȻȱΪ״ӣɽȻģ
ɽ˵һãӴԺȭѧʦΪ˴Ҳѧ˸˾Ųʮ
ΪʱľҲΪһĸı˵Сʯ飬ɽһϰߡ
Ǿǣֻв±˵ͷ­ܲȡõ졣
ﳣţֻҪԼݹǿ󣬾Ҳûʲô˿ԴԼ
ֹǱܣͬܣͬɽʨӱռ˵̡
ΪںһĶֵϣӦû˸Ǻȭףû뵽ʧˡ
ˣԳһسӡ
Ǽճֵĸɴ䣬ɽҲвԼֻԼ߹жѡ
ͷ΢΢𣬱ǿ׳죬ճ
ճɽſŭЦɽֹʦֵһʦ̳ģһ⡣
ǹƣƢҲͬһĿһΪǣΪġ
ǰӭսȴûע⵽ߵ̤ǰһǰ˵ɽʲô˼㶼ʮˣʮȭȻճһ˸¹սǺȭĽ𣿡
˪ԺܲҲǱɽĲҪˡ
˵Ǵ֣ʵд裬һʵ൱൱Ķ֮䡣
곤ս׵ΪһƣԳƵʽ䡣
Ҫ֪ƱʽܹǩԼģ˵ҲԹñˡ
ңӮˣҪű˵ʦųѰбȹ
ĳһճӽȭ½̵ģһʦҲ˵ùȥȻõĽзʦ㣬´ͽ
ôзΪԼбҪվճͷ
ɽĹѾ˰۷壬ȭȭ֮жĻ˫κͷɽӰš
ܴķȽϣĹ򶼲Ǹոͻƽ밵ճܱġ
ӲʵĲ࣬ƾһпֲ
ɽ赹С£ȴɽڳʹ֡
ַճǿɾˡ


113 ȷ
ֻǴӳƶճʵһЩƫ
ճֻոͻưãôţҲܿԽĲ࣬ɽᲢۡ
̴һսʱͻϮ˵ͷһУҲȡɡ
˵ȭ̴в˵ǹһЩ̴
۷ڵıȻһʵȴǿԶ
ճ˼һʱŪýͻܵ˺¾Բ뿴ġ
ճ²˼վ̨ǰƵЩůǸȴΡ
µɽսʵԼŮ˱ʵ
һ£˵ԼɣɽûбǿȥܹӦٲ˵
ȷɫЩɣŸͻưȭʦԣܳŵôҲŵġ
ЩƳʶˡ
ճһ·ȷʵûв׵ʱȻʱ뷨쿪ÿεĽ
뵽СѵɽĻ˫Ҷʦ洫ֹǿǿˣܲöԸǣȭӰš
ʵ뿴ģӰţʶһ´˵еҶײػжྫճЦ˵
ԴɣҪǱɽˣɱҲ㣡°һۣû˵
˵˵ȴ˳ճ˼˿ĵż仰Ҳʧ˲١
վǰճͦεΣЩдճѾǰЩʱոѧȭˡ
ȭһĳһøǿ󣬻һգͻᳬԼ

ǺЦϲСӣֱ֪ôдҲǲԸһұɣѪԡ
ѪԣģҲһ䡣
ϺЦ˵
еͶӦޱȡ
˶ΪճӲţ㲻ȥҲܸоճûа㺦µĸ߰־
ⲻһΪѪӲŵˣһŵơ
еʮ㣡ͷʾͬ
ĻȻŷģȭϻϺ˷ֲ¡˽⣬ĵ͸棬Ϻȴǰ׵ԶԶġ
ĸɮ˵ڿķϴȥ
ǣ滰᲻Ҳš
ʱҶӣ;Ϻдʱڷƨ˵ȫû
ҶҲ̲סˣЦ˵ʦͽܵˮƽŷģǿȴôˡճֻһոѧȭõˣôܸɽȣֻȥòһУͻᱻƨ
ЦһֹϳʱҲô˵ģأǺ£һζԴͲˡҶɱ亣ǷֲĲһְôжģ
㣡
Ҷӱҭ첱Ӵ֣ʹİ
Ļ˵֮һҲôΪɽڣѵӪͲܸȭʦ
ȴû뵽һ˹һŮ˾ͰȭӴȫûҲΪʧչ򶪵˲һְ
Ҫ֪ǰȭǿƿȭݵȭϵͳֱӻս
أܲȭֵѵʧ˺ܴһʲԴѵӪѹ£սΪ
˸ӣҲֻʸᣬһܳ飬ѡ˭ȥѡ˭ȥһ⡣
Ҷӵ뷨ȫĵӲμӡ
ǲܵġ
ȾͲӦ˵һԻ
µʵɽҲֺ˭ǿ˭ʱҲñһȡ
ʵ˭ȥμӣȻˣԲ
ƽˣչ첻㣬ȥᡮĴ죬ʵЩûаա
£ܲ
Ϊ´캣һˮרŸԸ鷸ƣ˵Ӧô˽
ʵϣôȻԸҲܰӽȭԺ
ϵһ£վӽӳ
ȭĴкͽƹɵ׳Ҳ׷
ϣҶӵϣȫġ
һεҶ϶ģһᣬһֱӰ
ٴʧܣȭʦͷͣʱͻ֮ӡ
ԣԲ֡
ãճѵӪˣŮ֪ճʵ͸ֲܿƴ˸ġ
ճʤȭʦһսԭ
ǵ˹ӮˣȭʦеսҲҪȥһ
˵ճˣȭʦֻɳһ
ҲһѵӪĴ
ʱܿƾɳһ˹ȻɨֲմúǷֲĵһ


114 ֲ
ͨ˵Уһ˲˲û̫𣬷ֻҪǱȱǿһܹʤ
ʵȴˡ
ȭҲˣǸģǻۣԽԽӦԱ˵ĳս
ֻһ˲μսѵӪAȭһҪӦɳĸ֣ôЩ
˹һֱӱǿһء
ҶӸִ̫ģʱĵľճʵΣǲȭʦӮʤ
°Сӿһ仨һǧϺС
ճվǯе˫ֲӭУ˫Ŀרעȡɵİ˵ͷ룺׮Ϳʵսˮƽˣǧʧ
ճ֪漸λ뷨֪
վɽǰеһɨգֻʣǻ־
ɽȻǰ۷ʵճȴǲɵֵ
һзɶֽϻȵӮпĴӮǻδ־Ҳٴֱˡ
ճ˫гһ죬ֵһжӳ֮Уһ̣оη塣
ⲻţʵõӴš
ľ׮ճϳ˴򷨵İأҲԹ˸⡣
ܲһɽֻ֪֪ɽƾĻ˫ȭԼǰȦû̫ܡ
˴ν֣˲֮ܰ⣬ճĿľҪʶһ¡ҶײػӰšѧϱһʽȷ
ı⣬ղ˵˳¸Ͳš
Ҳѹ²ô롣
˾˱ұɵľҲͿˣе΢֮ȴѧġ
ʦְֵĽ̵û˭ܹһξѧĵ
ԣоƬԵøѲܱпܣáڼ֮һ黰
ɣֹǱ𣬾Ϳıˡ
ճƣ˵
Сӣ죬Ҿ͸һЩǲġɽɫճȡƣҲ⡣
ճǹֶûʲôͬ
ա
ɽѣŲ룬ͬ貽һһ͵ճǰ֮䣬˫ɡ
ӽճһ̣һֻצһֺķ¸Ų˫ƷХ
һ֣ó˻˫ȭ˫κһǿӲ
ճ˼ü΢΢´޵Ĺעɽ˫Ⱥ˫磬ûа㲨
ɽ˺ײֱ̣׵ĵطһ˾͵ó˵á
ճȻҲܲǸ˫κײȥٶȣôҲǲϵġ
ǰӰʨԡʱͶԻƷɺýС
ӰĻƷɺ˵ͷϣϷɱٿȥΧŵҿ񹥣ҵ˻ǿлͣһеС
ֻҪƷɺ˳֣һСľͻУȫûл֮һֱ
·磬Ҳܴڸ߷͡
½ֻ׶֮أܲġ
Ϊ˫ȭһʧͣȭΪ⣬Ҫ˵û̫㡣
ճȻɽ㣬ĲһǱѧϰ̬ġ
ڳУڵճ֮⣬ûһῴܳŶãȫϷһĿˡ
ɽǲҶڵֱ壬豭һڣ˵ɽȭѾþ죬ٹ꣬ͿԽҵĵӣͽ¾ͿԽ֣㲻ǿճ𣿲²£ܳżУ
ҶӵԸزסȭȫͬ
ȭо֮Ҳӹ֮һ塣
Ϊ˵ķ˵úһ԰ܣ˵òΪ̫ǿݲԼȱ
ʦʱڼʦֵ֮ģѧȭ츳Ҳֻһ㡣ʦϲͬҲ
ΪֻҪȱ˲һ㣬˯ˡ۾һ쵽űˣҪѱ˵ĳѧΪֹ
ƾݷ۵ľͷʮ֮Ҷӳе֮һ⼸˼Ѿ򲻹
ٹʮ꣬ͻƽ뻯涨Ϸȭʦ֮λ
ʮꡣ
ΪǿԼȱ˲һǰ㣬ȭһֲҪĺݣԼͽҲôҪ̵ġ
ɽԸʦһޣճʱֺͣ˵Ǵд裬ȴûа뷨ƺվŵǸ˾ɱˡ
ݺݾʦҪʤ֣ҲѹҶӻ⣬Ϊճ˼С
Ҷʵһ㶣֮ԸҶӳǿɽĹ
ʮ꣬ȭ츳Ǽõģ˫ȭѾо衣
֮ʱ˻Ȼһֻһֻʳ飬֮
ǣҶӲ֪ôͽܵģ̹ʱѵµüأֱҪ
ɽճпܻᡰֲ


115 Σ
Ȼ˵ϳ޸ӣֲ顣
ϾȭʦڲԣżʦԹۿܸżͬӿš
ĳ϶֣˵ƷԾͿ֪ˡ
ɽܺܿճ˼ֻѧȭûõĺˣжٹʣ
ﰵңԼ̵Фʱرע½
ơۡһջѧȭȵѧˡ
ɽԸ񣬳һֱ޵Уرĸ֣ȻĻһžͻᱻ˴
ϺҶӵѯҲ΢ɲҡҡͷȻЩۡȷʵܺãʲô뷨Ҳ˵ڡ
ȴޱ飬˫Ʊգϵı·ûпȥ֪Щʲô
ҶӼش𣬸оӮһһģЦ˵ҿʮУͽܾȡʤղŹһСĲ˸ͷɽΪ˽ڷֵͼ󡣡
ʮأճܼս˰ɣͻȻ̧ͷʵ
ȫҶӡ
Ҷһ㵣Щס
ĮţѹֻܴôǵȻճɽ߹ʮУ϶ʸսбµĻ£ս֮һȥҲǲԡ
ǾͺãϷϷ
õ϶Ĵ𸴣ǺЦٲ˵ƺõˡ
ΪǹٷĴ´һѽΣλߣȭΪҲǿʵЩεġ
ͬʱ͢ŵĸ֣Ǳ˳ʦˣҲǲҸߵ̫
һʱСģץСӣʱ군󼪡
ҷ䷸
ֻҪ볯͢Ͳܼ򵥵ĿˣĴɣԼʦŴмά֮ģάվҲ޶ȵġ
ɱܣȻⲻմѪȣżΥ£黹ãһͻ⡣
׽Լˣ벻ΪѣҲſ
ҲݣҲݡ
Ǻ´ݵƣȭݷֲһְôҲֲҶӹġ
ĿǰԾĴʦǸˣΪ˵Ȼȭʦᡣ
;㽭תֻ˵ǲ
ǹٷ´ȥֺȭݡ
ˣڱ䵽Ҷӵϡ
̫ҪһǿĻᣬȻҲԼŮõ
Ҫƿȭݣӽӣ»ҶӣܶרУݲô
ֹ࣬ȥͻҸɶԹٷķУ˲ỵ
ôҲġ
ʱҶӱҵһڴӦЦȴֿ˻
˿ճӦеĶʲôһ
ӽȭʮ꣬ʮǰͿ뻯ʦ׶ΣԼȭĸֳϸ΢ָ֮ơ
ճĶţ״ӣһλüױԶĹŮʿ
ǵһּΪĵزˣѾβĿˡ
νӽȭ˴һλӽŮ̳һľڡ
ȭ˼Ƕƽ죬־ϸ壬ʺŮϰ
ʺŮϰȭȻ˵Ůȭ෴ȭɱˣֻΪһ֣ǳٶȹ졣
Ϊӽȭзٱָͳȭɨȣвǰһ֮أǳֿ죬Ҳܿ졣
ȴˣڲ֮ء
ʲôȭ빥ӽȭʦȭŹҪһ룬ֻҪ뵽ӽȳٶȵĵزǾˡ
νûǿȭֻǿˣΪȻ
ҶΪɽĻ˫ȭѾζȴΪճӽȭϾ΢
ˣճľΪһ壬Ů£ŻŨ
Ƥë׼ⶼϸ΢ɲſһ˿˿쳣
ֻҪ۴ʲôǶȣʲôʽܺܺúܿӦԡ
ǳ΢ľ硣
Ƕһ˽⣬ĶϻΪܡԼӦв˼ȫƾȻӦԸٶȾͻ֡
ӽȭֽٶȵȭ棬ӿ֣ʲô
˲еĶ֣ܵȭţճͻڲ֮ء
´ﵽ־磬ľ׮ǰ֮󣬻̵ְֽڻͨ
ϻŵëˣʮɣ
˵ϸ¿ʼӽֽҲʵ̫ˡ
ΪСѧѧȭҼңȴû뵽һλѵһš
֮ϲѵӽȭ˵ʱˣ
ôȻӣʱҲ̲סĳӿ˫۷⡣
ճ֪Ӷڿ˥Ҳ֪ҶѾΪսʮ֮ԼŨŨĵǣҲ֪
ȫԼ⾳С
ɽǿٳУΣգҲ˻
һΣûܶԷĽȻ󷴹ֻ
ѧϰҪΪ˱ִҲϧ
ʵɽѧȭȷճΪ۲


116 ƽɫ
˫ȭӰŵ󣬽ôõĻѧһ֣ճֱûԭԼ
ⳡԣճúס
ӮɽʵҲòʲôô
޷Ǿǻñ˵ļͣջһЩ˵ĵⲢûʲôʵ塣
ɽ棬ȴǵ͹ɽֵĺݶ
һһƹ֣
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һͿܻĳЩСǹ
ɽĻ˫ǿճȻŭ𣬵ûиıѧϰȭ⣬ǿŭѹȥ
üëһƽ΢΢Ӧɽĳƣ鶯չ
˵ɽĲͬһֻɺ׷裬ճʱǿᵶסȫ
бָ̯˫һһ£ɽϮ֡
ںȴƫƫ󷢶ճɽһǣɽɽӴ󰵾δ³˻ȥ
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˹էֺϣŴһ𣬴˼Žһġž졣
˽ŵҴһڣΨֹﲻʵĽкʦ֣ſСӣĻ˫ΣأУӰš
죡
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Сͽܱճùڵؿͷ㶪ǺȭһӶȥˣҶӺ޲һ
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΢Ϊյһ־磬תĶ䡣ٽ;ܴһҪͲֱ
ֶƿأǼ˶ǻģ˽
ֵǣڰǸһȭɣճȴƾųֵľʾ˳
ӽȭСͷҲľ׮á
˵ٱ飬Լ
˵ȭ֣ڡ
ÿһֻҪճΪһϰߣͻֲᷢ˼á
ľ׮ÿϰͣڼǰﵽһ
һʱûҵţ֪ŵļѡ
ճҲģǣ¶һơ
һȭ޷Ǵϵõϰߣٴϰߣϰ߲̫ѣѵ
ķӣԳ
һȭ֣ΥԵĴһȭϰߡ
ľ׮ֻ꣬Ǳ취취ϰ
ճͿѧˡ
оƬռʶϰӽַѾ޿졣
ֻҪһʱ֮Ҳסȭо̾ʹﵽ˱ܹĵز
ְ취ѧᣬҲǲģ²Ż졣


117 ȭ
Ȼﵽ΢磬ȴ֪Ȼ֪Ȼ
ֻĳһ죬ƿشﵽһ磬żǾͳˡ
ҲûΪʲôɹʲôİشڡ
Ϊ
Ҷӡ˵ȭི֣ۡϣ׷ǹǿľ׼ԳٶȷҪǺܸߡ
ڰھͿ̽΢ֻ˵ǳ˵Ρ
ԣ⼸˲Żô𾪡
ȻճõĲ΢һΣҲѾˡ
Ѿ㹻ɽļ֮±ֲܣƽ֡
ƾɽôŬƺùƾԼƣճӲƴ첻
ӽΪŮ֮µȭȻûôԸĶ֡
Ůͬȭ磬ܻһЩ
ˣӽȭǴ֣Ϊ
ƣǾõҲơ
ӽȭⷽú
ҸӰó󣬸ô죿
ǾʹȣôҴͬһߣⲻ͵ˡ
ճôġ
ÿɽȭȳֽضϣɽֻܷӳһ
ӲƴʵҲֻƴС
ƴУ˳ֵٶȻճı֮£֪ø졣
ֵĽŴžͱӽȭĳֽ࣬⻹ɽô
֪ԣ˫ȭĹ͵һͣ
һһȭȻ
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ۼˣֱܴȭ֮ԿһŤ⾹Ȼˡȭ
ȭһߣһޡ
ʱɽճʧķŭȴӳ˼֡
Դһʯͷҿ˼˵Դӭתͼһ㡣
ǾҪǿҪݡ
ֻвŶ֣ܸ߳޸衣
һȭвͨû£ǻһ֡
Լ̡֮֮ǧŲĵ
ճȭپվڸǲһʵǾȭûԼߣԼҪ
ȼɱȲǾһʮᡣ
ˣɽȭһ䣬óȭ
ȭӲӲӲӲΪȭǾҪк俪һеơ
ȭ֮ʱۻ룬ǧף޿ɵ
ȭǺȭ֮еĹȭ־Уȴǹ㶫ʮ
ʱǿһڼȭټ
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ΪԿֻһȭҶӶ޲ðи似һԴ
ҶôǿʤͷԼ򵥣ֻһȴֵóƵġ
Ǿܰͽܣ㾡ѪӲ˽
ܰôһʦɽ˵ģͬʱҲǲҵġ
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Ҷ꣬Сʱһִɽø֮⣬Ƕһ
Ǳ˴ſڵѧУҲΪԼǿģһֲ̬һִַš
˵ǰɽû˫λճЩвĻΪȭ֮ճӦķ
˼ʮУ˫εʣȭҲԵþ
оƬĺôѧϰȭȫ
֮ͰѧĶԼȭ֮УûעʱճȭѾȻһ˿鶯
ûѧỢ˫ȭ֮ǰȭֻͬһֱࡣ
ȴֱˣȭͬһ䡢Ÿֻߣгϡ
¿˫۷Ź⣬ֿ֪ս֡
ճȭս֮һЩ仯ЩطΥӽȭķƫƫЧǿǰҪ
ĵ˵ͷüϲɫ֪Լҵ˽ķ
ԼŮȭУҲĵЦˡ
ſޣղһս¶սܵõճСʵ˲ðθ˹ıѾʤˡ
˹ıճԭʵʤ㶼ûеġ
֮ԴӦһΪȻʹһҲٸ룻ڶԭˡ
³ֹģ˵һŰѵһ츳˵ֻҪٹһʱ䣬ûжԽˡ
ЩǲŵģҲ˱Ů⣬žճһᡣ
Ȼôģඣ˾ͺá
ûϵܿƵⳡľ֣ȴϣӮ벻ľϲ
ɽȭһߣճӽȭһʱߴ鶯ľ
ȭӲıȭ
ͬһɽÿһжֻܴһ룬ĶҪըˡ
ȭֱǰóѹ׵ı¡
׼õġҶײػӰš


118 Ҷײػ
ɽӰšıͽȹš
ſɣʱŵǳ۴멣վ֮ʱٷ磬˸Ϳȳʲô
ⳤ۵°ȻǸȹûɶ
սϽĿװҲսȹһִ࣬ʮձ顣
ԣȹҲʮУָľǴӳۿţ˿ηǳһȷʽ
ȷǵӰݵ߳Ӱ
߷̷ȡȭȷʽ
ӰľϾڡӰϡ
˶սȭǶԷעĽ㣬ӰӰȴа취
Ҷײػ־ͽʾа
Ǿתע
ȭҶӣǻȭͷȹ
ߵúòãΣɵĹȭ档
ɽ񱩴ȣˣȭȫ·վ˸̺
ȭȭճӲƴ
ˣ˶ˣҲ˾
ճ߽âӲӲ
һеӣȴڵļλʦ
Ҷ¶һƲ΢Ц֪ɽҪóľˡ
ǲ֪ճܲӦˣȷ˵ȷ˵ƭûˣܻܿᱻСճ԰ھ԰۷壬ΣܱƵöԷѹױ£ֻһУҲһҫˡ
¶ЦݣûʲôģֻǷճˡ
ɽӮ˻׷ȴǲܵóѵģΪѾ׼֡
м䲻˼֣ʤԷ֣ͱ׷
ʱ˿̣Ѿ֪İճԼˣʲôΣա
ĵʱ
ɽˣһ
ȭĶԾɲ䣬ͷ磬ȫδһȴϢ̧ᵽǰһžճС
żƿգˡ죬糤ì
ÿٶȣ
Сģ
һУһʱ̼г
Ӱţ
ڳڵȫһ񣬵˰죬ڵȵɽóУǸһΪһճҲ㲻ˡ
µճͬǣЩ˾ȫǿֻ֣Ǿⳡʮ־ʣ㡣
ֹǽҧأɫ죬·ѾճߵޱȣذŵһɶҪ³
ɽӰһóճ̾ˣԭҶײػ
̩̾еʱ򣬾ͼùȭͼȷϵһ˫ɡ
ʱ˻쿪ȭͷȣޱȣҲʵá
ճһȣоƬɨ⣬ͺѿ΢롣
һս֮ճԾѧ˺ܶ࣬˸ȭڻͨĵ
ֻҪԼõȭȫɻõ־ȥܴǿȭʺԼȭ
̩Ļɵ߷оãʱɽһȣ͸ͬᶥȻ
ȭչǴģЩܰףȴò
óЧΣͲ˵ˡ
ϣӰŵ˼·̩쿪߷Щ࣬еʵȴͬն
˵̩ȷɣֻǸոտʼѧȭһԵüΪֲڵĻɽӰžһżļˡ
һȲǿȻǿڳʱϢ
ҪĿʱŷƿռ죬ٶȡԡ
ܣɾѾˡ
˶ճܶ㿪
˱ʱʱõ۾ԴӷԼ֮Ͳٵ۾
ǿӦ˿켣ı仯
ο΢ĸӦɽͷͻȻһϲ⡣
Ȼ˷ӰʧȥǻܳΪӰ
Ҳֻܽиš
ٿȷҲþܱȭ죬ϵĲ
ֶ̽ųܱȳҪһЩ
ɽոȣ˶ûע⣬ճѾʼӦˡ
ɽȭͷ̫עΪ֪Уɽȫһȷ档
ճȸովض͵ϴܣһ
һ֫ɽĽһ㣬ͰԾڿա
һϵлȣʵ벻æԼ۾ôҲţȻᷢ顣
ʵ̫Ź֡
һУɽΪճһȰߵգ˶ʮгȺȫͬ
ӰŰȻǺȷ
ճϲá
˰ڵȵɽȣһȵİ۵ס
оƬǾְ𣬰ʽĸϸ΢֮ȫɨ¼
ճԺҲһ˿򡭡
ѧôȥַʽ
ôԼȵĶ죬Σ
һȲãõ÷š
ѧҪõѧʱϰ֮˵
ճﰵţǣڰյѾʼ
صȷûʱϰѧ֣˼·Ѿס
ԶֵĹʽָ֣оǲ
ɽȭѾѧ֣ٸȥҲû塣ôΪԼĴۣ°ɡ


119 ʩ
ճһʻʢִȭɽ۾ȵչȻ
ĶǺܿ죬֮ʱȴʮ㣬ĶܹЮȭ֮У͡
ɽһʧ㣬ճڽһݣȵأһֻ棬һȭ
̡죬ɽոոоԼȭͷֵ壬ؿھһʹ
ûӦô£Ѿ÷գءһףˤڵϡ
ճڵϣҲվȣĶǯδ䣬˫ưǰһǰһ
ɫһ޺һ۶棬վֱ塣
ɽˤڵŭӣովһѪһֵ˸ſ
ȡȣһ𼱣û׷Ŵ㣬¸ʲôճһǺЦ˵
ɽ𣬻д⻰һʹһѪ巢ðǣȴҲûˡ
Ĭ
ѿĳĬ
ڵ𾪵ȫûзӦҶҲȥԼұͽܣԼ۾ֻ૵˵ⲻܣôܻᱻأҶײػճõľȻҲҶײػ
ȭΪҶΪΣ糤ҹ
һЩ𣬵ȴѧ˸ʮʮɽһȶãȻ֪
ճӮˣ
һ˹һѾͷסճ죬ҿҲһȭ˵زأ
ճƤɳȥճŵԼϣʹӻһСӣҪóˡ
¶СӸû˵װأ
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һ㶣˿ճɫƺܵ˵ӣʱ˸־ŤһѣԹûô˵Ұ׵һ
һûü˵ճЩίؽе
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˵ʲô
һҲסˣճɳϣվȴˡ
ճЩƣµĸˣô׵ôܵ٩ԼұŮԼҲ˳֮ꡣ
ûף˻װװȴ˵ɣӮ˾ǴӮˣװʲôʤӽȻνĵˣҲˡ˵ɽǹıԣʵУֲñˡ
ЦǺǵʱ¶һɡ
Ǿллˡ
ճ⻰˳Ӿ
֮װҲˣΪɽһ̣Ҷϼһ۾Ҫɱһ㶢Լ
һݺƵϺУһֺˣȫƵĶԼ
ȴϰԵɫƽ⡣
˵ճù˵㡣
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ҶǰԴСҲֻĶӣǴ򲻹ġ
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ôԼˣճЩůҲЩھΡ
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˵ѵ˵ԼǿľӦɽʱľ޴󲨶ˣ˵Ҳס
Ϊ֪ɽһѹ׵ľУճһֱͷȣԷóʱһҲ⡣
ÿóԼ⼼ܵʱǳģΪһжԼƿУһ̵ľ񲨶ƽʱһ
ֲģɽαװԣճһҲĻ´
Ȼ˸ɣȴǵ˵ͷ˵ͶˣЩȽˣӦΣ٣Ҳճⷽ츳ɡ
뵽ʲô˵ʱ򣬻пţնܡĸӦֲȥҪ顣
£ճҲǾ棬˵ʲô˶㲻ˡ
ûеɽBUGľӦÿǿ̫ࡣ
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ֻп˲ܷʲôԣи߼Ӧãһ¾
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ճ˵Ļȴһ˹⣬ΪһֱڱĿФ
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120 Сȭ֣в
Фս⣬ŵǵѪս⣬ճף˿Ҳһʡ͵ĵƣɽѶԸ
Цŵ˵ͷҲϣܼʶȭ
Фֻǹкճɽ֮һֱĿڱս⡣
ճ˼ıӰȴǲΪʲôҪ¸ս顣
ƺճɻ½͵Ф㵱ˣһĺȭѵӪȥ˿ȨΪǺǱŻʱԲμȭġ
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ˣһЩҲˣ֯ʱǷֲľͻһ˵£ֿʼ
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˵Щ飬ճҲԼǺεΡ
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ֻҪճȡʤͲѵӪְȭ֣ȭʦѡ֡
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ԣεɼȭһ
뵽ճҲһɡ
ֵø˵ǣ¸һսջǣ˼ȭʦѡʸμºս
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ƽ˾ռߵĵطһЩΪ֪أǻս׼ӭӸ˹һս
һعˣôٺõĻҲǰ״

ʮ㣬ܿͬ߸ϵһǰĵ˹
֪ǰ˾Ǻɱϵͳժӵǲӡ
ԴϽԼЦںȭݴһƬأͱ˵ˡ
ôһ⣬û˲Ҫ
֪һ㣬ܿƲںĿǰõϵ˹
Ѿˣ̾֯ҰͶѾҵͻ֡ʱ䣬ͲҪȥˣȭݺսɡܿߴûаָ˵
ԸһСȭֻҪսճҼҵĶ֡˹ں˵
Ϊɱ֮һȻԼİ
ԸһСȭֻҪСʹ˻ȥҸŮӣȻˡ
Сȭ֣СˣеСȭ֣ǰȴɴ׷㵽ܵҰͶߡҺ´Ҵ˸ģͶǵʤ
˹ɫһЩ
û˸С
һ˿⣬ȭճƴһУδճʲô˲ģôܴҰͶء
ҰˣƾֱײҰˣòԵõпӮ
Ƕ߽̩˿ɲǺ롣
˹֣ÿһζûռˣ֪εĿֲ
ųģֱɱʵѶԸúܡ
ܹһߣô߹Ϊ
οճܵõǹٷеΣ˵Ǹ⼦˵ȥ˭Ű
˹ɲܿЦ
˶ΪԴ󣬽ܿȴǲôΪ
ɱֵκһ˶̫ãֻнСĵ˲һֱɹ
˹˵ĸоһçıɫ
ϲɱĿ꣬ȴҲһɱ
ֻаյʱŻѡɱ
Ͼͨ˵ʱ򣬰ɱɱʵû̫
Ŀɸѹһ㡣
ܿƿŵ˹ûʧӣŹֵЦˡ
ѵӪ޸켼ֻȴû취ģȲЩԼʵһѵĸ֡
̫ףͻȱʧһ޿ɲȵġ
ֻ˵˼仰Ͱѵ˹Ľˡ
ƾֻɫҲҵĵ̴⣬ʵ̫쿪ˡܿ
ڰŵ˹ȴûб¶ԾЦúº͵˵ҷֱӸճԣʤֻ֣˭пʤ⻹ûʲôԭ򡣡
ܣ˹ܲճӮ̾ĸ֣ҲȻԼʤ
СиԼһսʸ񣬵Ҳֻʸѡ
Ϊһɱ֣žţɲ˼仰Ͷҡ־


121 Ϊ˻
С󣬵˹ֻԼ۾
ѵӪѵϣôҲŻвԲĵط
ΪеطǸСׯһÿۻ£̵һڷԡ
Ǹˣѵ˹Ӫأúõļʶ죬츻ӡ
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˵ĺԸ˵òǹִˡ
ȻΪܿƲƭԼ˹ֻԼ۾
ոճƴһУճȫȲԼ
ַǿͣճҲǹǿʵ벻ʲôɿвԼ
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126 ӥ۾ѻ
ճʤ׷ȴͻȻһӿͷüķ󾪣¼һ͵һƫŤɹŹֵĻȡ
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Ȼ롰ţնܡľʮǧ˵ϮɱӲĸ֪ġ
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ҪǣճľƣʲôһϺõҽο
ȻҽǾͲָܶϵʲôõİ취ˣ˿ڣճҲûֻһ֪ǧ״Ǹѻ˭𣿡
û´ĻǸѻ־Ǿӥ۾ĻսʿһսӾˣѻֶ񣬲Ե켣رУңΣյԤ֪Ҳ
һͳΪ˽Ǹѻ֣ϴǾʧֵܡ
ճҲһ˵ֵʲô˼ѪսӵҲ겻ѣƷѹҲ⡣
ȻôľѻڣѾغλãԼţǾͲȥӲˡ
ҪԸǣһᡣ
ԺĻỹأ㿪ѡ
Ѿ׶ϣɱǸڱˣճԺͣԷҲǲϰݵġ
οһ˸ԷѪ𣬲һɾ͸ͣ
ˣҪսҲһʱ̣Ҫһ¡
ղײգվȻƷߣճ;ԿܷƷľκã
˿԰׵һ˵СȥҽԺɣȻǾͿʼƷơ
а𣿡
һϲʵʱʱ̵̿ճô˵ҪˣָоµõõϢ
һЩüĿˣβãҲзã˵ɡճЦŰο
һæشҰСȥҽԺæҪ˶á
Ҳߣšüëվ˵дŰĿճҪ֧һʱû⣬ۼƷ类κá
ճεĵ˵ͷ
ٳٶ۵ˣҲܷƷָ֮顣
Ҫʱ뿪ȷʵҲôʡ
ȻܳţŰɣҲ˿ϵʹԶԶȲʹ
ֻҪյƷλЩ鶼㲻ʲô
˰Ʒ˼ҡ
Ʒסڽβһʮƽ׵ƽ֮ڣһŴһСӣСӣûбĳ衣
ﲢûĺۼҲ֪ƽյôġ
ڿᳵ·Ĵ򿪷ţѷʰһ֮ճͳˡ
ԭһֱչƾԵĶϵ͹
Ʒֶȫû̫෴ӦģҪһչ˺Լ붼롣
ǿ
ճɫ԰ףЩ꣬ҲǸп
ЩȷʵΰƷβˣ֪һָȹ
붼˲
ҲѹŮһ쵽ʱʱķ߲֯ƴ
ҲǶûʲôϣֻĳһĳһͬھɡ
һҲģŨŨϧ
ʣѪսʿֻʢĶ־ûбɱ۾Ҳᱻ˴̼޿
ҲҺˡ
Ʒ磬ճҪߡ
һӡ
ǿоǲɵģƷŨѪɷ֮һ⡣
ֻ鶯ˣƷػսԵ˵ɱͱѵľġ
ΨˣܰѴǰѪӻѹ


127 Ѫľ
ճóһȺḷ̌ŵѪߣôҲϴȥĺۼ
ƷֽرƵһʽҪϰߡ
кܸӦɭޱȵɱ⡣
ѾճһҳƷĵһߡ
ùëϸĵİƷϵľҺȥڴͷϡ
һҪǰæȴܾˡ
ճЩ飬ȴƽȻﲻ֪ΪαĴһ¡
ͻȻ֮䣬ͶƷһЩŭ
˼ս
Ȼ˾񲡣
⻹ǸѪսʿ
˵Ǹų
Ʒ̫ˣȲߵŮˡ
ÿճžǰȥɱƷġ
Ĵ֣Ʒȫһ£ͷеľ̡
ãͻȻһеӵ
ճһƺ£סƷ飬һֱӳȥ
ǱĬķӣıƷ⣬ºķκе˺ۡ
ȴڸոռչľٶŭˡ
һΣճҲ֮ǰĴ㣬ˡ
ĺӾͱֱһ˳澳
ƷˣԼֺγˡ
ȡɵķʽҲκãһȶһЩ׳Σ״
ǣǶԼβĲΣҾĲΡ
Уȡɻһȱ㣬һжҪԶ򣬾ҪƷı䡣
ױ䡣
ճĵǣƷˣˣ˵ĳһգ˵ʹһĻٶȲ
ָô죿
ԣճּ˵񶨹Ʒ
ͻƣԴĵطƷļûȫ
ʶеһУʵֻΪԼǿ󣬲ܱѡ
ȻΣգα
ֻаƷеĸȫһɨ⣬ܲԺٶȸ
ճ˿һ̾˿
˭ôأǼ̫³Ҫȥһķֺõˡ
ľǲֺõ飬һдʼ
Ʒ棬Ǹų򣡡
ճָƷıӴŭڡ
һ궼һŭͷԷΡ
ѾճþƷþΪ˲ûаֿܣճ׵ľӪƷ
ճʱƷ类о̺ĵڡ
һƬϡĺ֮УƷĹһСǰ޵þӣ૵ĽţɽС֡ӡԲǣҺǡ
ЩСȻսǵķذƷǳ߲ȥʹںͰ֮޷԰Ρ
֪ǿȴԴĲмͷΪʲôˣֻҪֹնɱֻǵôҶԵңԵϵѫ¡
ɽȰҺúöԴС꣬Ҫ̫ƴҪѧᱣսʵûȥӣʱܻȥǡ
ճƷǸĺӿ޵Сϱ߶߶ţֱҲȥˡ
еľһ˦ֱƷǰУ˵ΪȥǾͿԻ𣿻˵ǿ޾ܰѵȫ
˭Ʒ翴Ǿ̣һ̧ͷճЩջʵ
ճ廳սѵľٶ˲ŭ˫üѪɫ߸ߣһѪɫͷ״
ѪɫͷճצƺֻҪԷش⣬ͻ˹
㲻ع˭ֻ㣬յס㲻ȥΪսѱҲȥЩսչ˼еĸĸ޶ֻһԹ԰һЩʹ߿飬㡭𣿡
죡
ƷĿĿôҵĸܣҺǣҶԲǣҾûʸΪǿŻд˽֣ҲѾ̣Ҳ䡭
ѪɫͷճӿһɱɷҲꡣ
ճоԼľڼڣﲻɵһĨһ亹
Ѫɷ֮һ壬һʧأûв˲º󳾣ɡ
ǰĹȻûսѪɷ֮Ծĵֿʵ̫ˡҵľֻҪһ㣬ͻᱻѪɢȻ˵ꡣգǺա
ճҵԬ֮ʱڲѧԵķţҲ𵽲Сá
ԣʱƷѪ֮ʱޱȼͦĳ
УճӰɢӫӫ׹⣬Ѫ˳ҡҡ׹ɾǲ
һһԺǽȷֲж
ֻĿ棬ȫΪճһѺ
ȻֽգֻҪճģܹס
һζ̱ӣǾ䡣
Ļ񣬵ĿܾƷ


128 ƶ
ճ䡣
һΪˣֻƵЧȴ֪ء
һճľ໥ʱꪳɳܾܿͻʧܵӣһӰ
Щ飬Щսۣһζ䣬һԶҲ޷ﵽ۷塣
ճԭǲģոձѪɫͷһˣֱĵ׵͸
һΣʧܣ
ÿһʱһЩӵ֮ӣճʹްܼɨķѹһ˶ΪһɾͲΰҵ
ǣΪһؼսһʱˣȫ˵ҲԼ־
ӴԺ󣬾ʵǲûнͣԸҲû䣬Ǹоǰ֡ʱؽͬ˳˳ˮ
ĽȻʿ֪
ˣճһ⣬ͱʮ־裬ȫ𣬿ʼеɵ̬ȫ
ǰƷ統ƽԸ˿֡
ԸɢľɷҲܺ˰벽
ճһԺ󣬼Ȼ˴֣һаɣʱٺҲѾˡ
ճİ׹ⶸߣھΣ£ͻȻǣԷάϡ
Ѫɫͷɫһƣֻȥ
㶼һ޷ɱеķɷʲôֻɥ𣿸ҡƣ
תճ⣬γΪһѳǹֱֱ뻢ͷ
䡭
ѪɫͷһƬѪɫĴɢƷһڵأͷʹ
ɢѪɷ֮ҲʹǵսǱ˼һĵڵϡ
ճӰ񻺻ǰȥĿпᣬһž̤Ʒϣʹ£˵Ʒ磬㿴ǸŮ˱֯Ұ޴Ҫˣ㶼ȥֻԼȾơ
־ͰԶӰǰ˻һͰѳϡã¶ɼǵצۡѪĿġ
ճƷǾŭӵ񣬻Լͷ­˵ټһѻС
һӣɫٴα任
һСƽڣ׷ԲԵϴүϴ£ңԶƺԶˡ
ǵ޹⣬ûκοɳΪϣĶ
֣衭
ƷͻȻͣĶˮֹס˳뵽µС
Ϊ˽ų˲ðģС
һΣƷǰһСŮԣľĮһ¶
ƷȴʶʱڿеʱóŮƬݺݵڣ˵ŹؼҪóԵĺĸ
ʱ̫ˣСԼ̣˼вչ˺С
Ʒ翴һĻĻͻȻһֻҧ˵һҲǷҪչǣҪɱЩҰޣҪȥɡ
۲ݡճûüͱһɾǿĺⵯþ
ʱƷѪɷжһ⣬Ϊϣһֶ
˵ľϣҲһЩ˱ɱ䡣
ƷʱѪɷ֮ƶʰ־ճҹе˳
һƷսȾѪ̣˫ͨ죬һɱͬˮճһһ̴̳
ССһѾ̣ƷֱֱȻ̳Х֮ʢȻճƽδ
ճһߣ͸оԼüĴ̺ۣǰþѪαӿ˻
ճһݣȴǲԸӲӡ
¼׷裬ббԾһšͳ˷š
廹ûأá̡һ죬ͷһȴľţѱǴһǹǹ紩͸ڴСĿն
ճúЩһͣĴƷж̫š
ԭһ˵ùƽЩ
һǹֻô򵥣̺ŵɱǹ⣬Ѿʽ֮УһЩԡ
ӦþƷɱһݴηս⡣
⾳ȭǹϾѾ˲ͬ˺˺꾫ճһǹϣﰵкá
оƬʹ򿪣˾ʵһӳԺҪʱʱ
ľƷǿ࣬Ҳܰһ⾳ѧᣬʱȭʵӿɲһ㡣
Ʒ绹ٶ˻͸оֱһȴǱסž̵
ȫһǸӣо̡һ£һѾͱס꣬˵С꣬Բǵˡ
Ҳ̲סˮʱȴЦŵģǿĵᡣ
ܿĿܵġ桱תʧõĸоһ顣
һҲһ͵͵ᣬ˲Լͬճ󹦳ճվòΡ
ճһСѵǸӳˣҿ˰ɣ
У㲻ߣ
ƷͻȻ̧ͷ˫Ŀ⣬˫
һ


129 ȭǹ
ճֱƷָ̳һǹ׹Ϊʲôһս϶սѪսʿͬһСһ㣿;ѣʹް
˵ǹȭȫҹ켫ɣոҸܹ֮ɣɨһ
Ʒȴһ
ɱȭѪǹ
һѾ̣ɱˣؼļǿҲϧһеľ־
һɽһѪ
ȭǸҲһͨ˵á
ϧǣǵһǷңʲô似һľ
սȭǹҲиȻɱܣҲҪƵס
Ʒľôɫܹþ־ǹֻ츳ڡ
֪ƣһζѹեС˵˾񻹲֪
ڣһսֵս˵ˣƫƫɱӰصĺ֡
ֲĴ̼ĸʹ˾ʧ
ᣬҲĳһͻʹ˱һҵķӣҲǲǰ£ϲԼѡ
ͳ׳һ硣
˵ǣһһֱߣʶճ
ճľǿһأеɱ
ѹָ˱硣
һϲ£һпԿóճ˵Ͳ֪ϲˡ
ΪƷѾˡ
ҿǼǵãҵֱȵúˬӡ磬ƴ£֮Σ㲻Ӣۣ
Ʒ羫ָıͦñֱ˫۾䣬ճȴû̫ߣֻս⡣
սʿıãڽµľܿܳΪӰ
ճͲ
ʲôЦ걻˴ˣ㲻ȥչˣЩҰһԻ㲻ȥѰǸ𡣻Ÿƴ£ûиճסͷ̾
㣬ôСӰɣ
ճЦŶһ仰ת뿪ˣ˽ôҲܲš
ΪƷĲǺķϴľԼҪвŻս
ûа洦˵һЩΣա
ΪƷ似Ͳʺϱԡ
һ˵˾Ƿ·ǵ
似ʺϵľɱˣûʤղ֡
ıܱ
Ʒ类ճһͨ䣬о졣һ㵣תͷһ
ȴһĿȴίĵͷ˵ȻҲճĻ˵Ĵ
Ʒͷһ̷Լʧˣ˼˵һС꣬㿴ⲻǸոѹͷԻеͿءˣͲСȥҽԺɡ
ģ
ΪЦ
Ʒѹ֮űɽһڣҲƺָյıԡ
ƷĲ֮£һĳȥ̧ͷԶԶĿһճıӰĿȫǸм

ճ̫ллˣ
ûңճͽӵһĵ绰ĻŨŨϲú͸м֮飬ճҲԼһͲûа׷ѡ
Ӧһûˡҽ
һ˵鶼һС£ճԼջ񲢲ֹڴˡ
ƷʱȻȭһ·Ǿ־֮·Ҳȭ⡣
ùϰְֺ޵ĴʣһδŪ׵ġ
ЩȴʦͨŪˡ
ͬƷ磬긴һ꣬ոһյΪɱеĹȭ⣬һ˵顣
Ȼûרŵָټƽֻ򷨣ȭȭõ̫࣬˾
Ҳȭ
ʵϣÿһ߶ļ
ܹȭ⣬ͻϵ涨˵ӡ
ɹҲԼȭ
ͨͨȭдŶɱ
ճƷиѪɫͷƴһֹĦƷһ֮һЩ
Ȼǲ̫⣬Ȼӣһܹͨаء
ճҲˣΪʲôɽڴﵽĹؿʱȥչؿޣǵսʮλң߱ɽӡ
ⲢеģҪƴƥȭ⣬һͻƱͻ֮ѵ㡣
ֻҪͨһ㣬һƬ̹;
ճܹڰ֮ʱͽӴƷ磬ƷȴײȭΡ
һˣƷģճġ
绰Ǳߵһ˸мֱ֮֮֨֨ɵ˵ճһϢ֪òø㣿ϴ֯ҪԸĿʵǷС񣬶Ǹ˼ϡͬһľӢҵõϢͻ˾ᡣ
ճЦǿ϶ҲŹλᣬ𣿡
Ʒ类κã֯˸ޣ֪ϢܷŹĻйˡ
Ҫжʱ򣬽ҰɣȻӦ˶ԸǣҲʼաճ˵


130 жʼ
ճµ绰żᶨĹâ
֯͸ԩ޳𣬲ַΪҲ̸гûֻҪ˾͵ùһܡ
ؼǣճ⼸θǵչ档
ɱ˺սʿļƻ׷ɱڱսʿű֪һԶѻִ˼ǹѾȫȫı¶ڶԷС
һҪ⼸ɱɾճǺͬġ
Ź֯ں⼸ˣʵճԼ᲻ϡ
⼸սʿ˳ȥԺ˭Ҳұ֤Լ鷳
صУճͿһŻɫë˹æһѱסתȦ
ûڣСèȵеճȥ棬ֲңǻˣ
ɯɯǳȥˣҲ㡣ڼ棬Ӷð㿴ҸóԵˡ
˵꣬ճʹӻóǡ
Сè̲ˡ
Ǻú壬еóԾͲˡ
ճһ˳ţؼܻǵóǣȻСè߶졣
ȥѧһ㲻Сè
ѧУųͬѧʲôӦ֪ʦ϶᲻ġ
ճСèͷëЩϧ
СһһڼҲЩ¶ԼûҪ飬ǴһһЩ
Сè˳ëƺ˹Դĵ˵ճҷһ˲õ£ڱҲණģɡ
ûгʲô⣬ʲôûУ
ճһ⼸СЩҰ
ֹŹֵķɣȷʵ쿪顣
Լȥһ죬Ǿֳ֪ûг⡣
СèһһģЦµ˵ⷿʲôֻСѩ˳һᣬֱк档
ãƤˣ´ǲǻøһЩҪʲôõ£ô죿
ճЩˣɣ˵öŵСŮȥ棬ֻҪ벻ʲôҲû̫˷ϣֻѡ
ǣܹгͷԺɾе鷳ˡ
СèԺö࿴㣬ʲôɵҡ
ţ
СèӦһɳϳȥˣҲ֪ȥûУ
ճ߶һᣬͶԺ
СѩڣһСʵҲûʲô¡
СѩͺСӣôҲһֻܸ߶˵Ĵڡ
ңճĿܷȹһ壬ɲʡ͵ĵơ

ճڶҲûȥ͵һϢ
ҲΪʲô֯űѡǰһ֣Ϊ⼸˵õ˸˼ϽҪ뿪оصϢΨһĳʱǰһб
һʱʱ̵̿Ķ֯ˣˡ
˫ŶԷ㣬ϣܿ
ϧǣճļ룬֯ûռˣֻǱסűһȫˡ
һ߶һƷ磬ȴһ£֯ʤ㼫١
ƷĿһϲѣճҲǿĵġ
ĵԭ˲һȭһֽϷʽ
һһڶһַʽ
ȭ⡣
ճؼоһҲоƬռѧϰѵãɾһذûͨ͸
̫߶˵ŸƣоƬѧϰҲҪһ
һΣоƬϲҪμ¼
ΪƷĹʽճֻڸոκƷʱ򣬼һ̡
ֻ״̬µһɱƣȴɱֻս⣬ûɱ⡣
ӦƷϹҲסһڱճвڽµĶȴûг޵˼
ճ뿴Ʒȫȫ⼤ɱ⣬Ȼóȳ̳һǹоƬ¼ģǹ⡣
ҲֻһвճоƬѧᡣ
ճﰵڴš
˹̬ȼΪ죬϶Ų򵥵ĵط
¶ʮ㣬ճȴòû̫ӮָоΨģԸš
һֵ飬̾ʱϡӦ̩еһֲΪȻ
ʱûʲôףʱʱȴɵ㡣
Ҫ˵Ե˹˽ˣȻ϶֣̾ŵĸ֡
³ͽ̩ٮٮߡ
һ֪Щʲô֪Ϊɱֵжɱ
жɱճȻƷһСҲǡ
ףֻҪԼһѧУȭ֮£ƾ˹ļһЩҲסܴ߻һ
ʱⳡĿıճſ˵ڲ֮ء
ԣһ֯һǱЩﷸС¡
ҪģҪעƷ硣
뵽ճƷЩ
ƾųߵ룬ľ񣬾Ȼе־һֶΣʵǸš
ȻƷ˼˵˾񣬵ճѧˣͲ⡣
ճľ㹻ǿסֹҲᵣľʧأɷſգƷֲ֪Ҫǿ϶ˡ
ǿԶھȷٿأճ׷ȭ˼롣
··ϡϡ⡭
۾ճͻȻһվ
һֻͨ˵绰һϢˡ
Ҳţжʼˡ


131 
жΪǶԸڰеĵˣҵ˸Ǹ֣ԣһûнͨһ
һȥԸ֯⼸ˣϣԷˮѵĻᡣ
ͨȥöˣᱻץסߡ
һֿܣ̫࣬Ǽ˸ɴͳ˲жˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣƷأôû
ճЩƣһĳӣĵĳˡ
ΪһԮԭһԱţǼϾֻһˣЩ̲סˡ
ǻſƷôɱأһмܻûѧͨ͸
һصЦЦ˵ƴĵĶˣ֯˲֣Ͳݾߡ
⵹Ǹð취ճˡ
֯УƷǺܴģһսɱǲˡ
жǷƷ羹Ȼˣһתӵӣܾͻ°жƻ
ճ˵ͷһ˵ε鱨жƻ
֯Ŀǰȷˣһһ顣ǸԱսѾҲ˵
һڱսʿó͵ϮߵǴ̿·ߣһӥ۸ߣľѻ֡ˣӦûһѡóԵУǲ֪ʲôߡ
һü˼ţ̧ͷճ˵ҸСӦ¶ԷˣѶԸһȴǸӥۡ˶ԶѻɧţǵжͺܿʧܡˣҪİ
ճͷӦİɣֻҪǾѻֿǹҾ͸
˿˼ǹҲֵĻᣬúܣúܡ
һ֮԰Ҫ񽻸ճǿٶȡ
ԭûзճٶʲô֮űʱճԶԶϹȥȻ׷ϺڱߣɱٶԸڰеľѻʲˡ
һ̵ȥѰҾѻ֣˵˼ҿʮǹǹ
ҲͲˣֱӻʧܡ
˼ҪԵĿ꣬߹հľܿתһƬȺ
һ˳ڰеľ˴к֤ߡ
˲ãһĵطһƷʽŴǰԱиڡ
ΧȥľдУΧǽ˿
ճϸһľӳŵΧǽȻǸģզࡣ
һճ𾪣˵ǺǵĻܽЩҪʵ鶼ġĿǰҪһ飬ǻͨСϴξȥطҪȵĸ˼ϣҪӿȥ»ء
˵Ż˾ͿǾ޴Ϸ̵
м俪һӣϢһСţŲ̾װ˳
ǰһξεˣʮģ
òӲ·磬һľˡ
ǣһ·ʱ˫Ȼڶ
һֻʼշȷ죬һֻ߶ĲӰڶ
ճȥ棬ԭ˵ֲǲڶǷһīɫʳ
סʯʮȶ
˾Ȼǹýֵˡճֹţɵ˵շСеɫ̽
Ӧþͬһˡ
˵ĸ̬⺷ľˣȫԲʣȫװ
עĿһʮ꺺ӣģͷụ̈۾׺ݣǾ
һҪǰ־ǹȵվסʲôˣÿ·ǹˡ
һͣ½ŲЦ˵Ҹ˼ξҵõϢй϶֯ɱҪ㲻ǰص·븵ξĵƵߣǿԽƾͼƣǱߵġ
ͣʲôˣ
˼ȻһĵˣͲͷˣһһľ֤һ˵ҵʱ䱦ĺܣȤƵ߳ϣɱԸң˵İɣǻ𣿡
˼ĸ־ȫЦûɱʲôʸǸĵ˵Ҫ֪ҹӵ˻Ҫ±Ц

˼𣬽˽еıҲһżϳųȥ
һ˵ЩʲôȴȰˣǲԸĵҲǾˣִеڶ׼ƻɡȽ϶࣬ճѰҾѻֵصһЩ֪ܷ
û⣡ճƽΣԼһ⡣
ǣҵǻΣգ˷ʱ򣬸˼ϻüֵһȴ˵ˡһЩ硣
û˵Ҳô죿ҹӺ𣿱Ѫսӣǿɲ˼Ρ㿴ǿģ֪ĻΪƲء


132 ͻϮ
˵Ѫ棬һƺǰ飬Ĭһ£̧ͷ׺ݵ˵߳߳ɣҲкôٲ˷ֲԾһжǺ޷̬ƷΡ
ȰĹǾֻˣճҲǰ̾ϢԶԶĸȥ
һϵ΢ͨͨƷ̬ķչ׼
ճȴǼһװͨǹҲûʲôˡ
Ϊƽϰߣϼٴ顣
ǳŴɱǵЩΣգְСè˼УǵСèһͨԹ
Ȼ»ؼˣֵʳ

˼ڳŽֵԷͷһڳǿܵ̾мûִܵеֽˣˡȥͷӱϽи缸úóһ£Ҹֻˡ
үӦģѵˣϴλӪ£Ҳȥˡǰ׳Ц˵ҲǸЦ
·ܵ÷ɿ죬˼ϵҲǷһ
ѵõ鼫ã֪ҿȡһЩͻƣӦñȺɽķСһѧ洫үӲ̫ϸģعˡ
Сģ
˼˵ţ۽ǵͼǰһػ󳵳ͷ͵һƫԼĳײ˹
һƬҵ԰һЩ羰żڿʱʱһЩػĴȥȥʮۡ
󳵿˹սʿûϣûϵԷȻһͷײ˹
ǵˣ
˼ͻȻ˸ոоſǾ˵Ļһ
طĵβôܿտȫһЩ̻Ҳûʲô
ö࣬Լ˶㶼û㡣
Ҫܹⳤһξ뵽ߴ¥ܼѡ
˾ּۿ죬ٵĴƫ̡
һͷײľǽһƬϵײһƣͣ
أ߿žʹ˳
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һ˷ŶڳҪǹ硱һԴϡá
廹û͵ڵأһſڵϵ屻һӵһ
˼һƣ۾ͺˣ˱ĴڴѪѾûˡ
Σоѻ֣
˼ˣ˻ߵĽк
ϧȴѾˣոսгʱǸ׳Ҳսѵĺ󳾣һԣ˵ڵء
ճԶԶľ˳һʹ˴¥תǴͬһ㼱ٱ
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˶ڳĺ棬ǻʻҾԹĵط
Ǹ׳ſڵϿǹֻ¶ͷ­սüá
ȻûãǹĵطǱ
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ǲ֣ǵȴֻоѻһˡ
ֻûš䡱һ߿һ׳˶Ӱһľõ涼˶
һͷϣ϶ŨܵĺëͬϺɫͫɭѪĹâ
ܻսʿšܵĲ
߶ףԲһ̹ˣ¡¡ľŸ˼ѹȥ
ӴĹ£ֱ嵽Աߣоѻڻ˿ںӵһž͵˳ȥ
ǳߵ÷࿪ȥ¶˶ںӰ
ճһ֮ﰵզ࣬˵Ѫܼ֮ٹȻһࡣ
һٴﵽ2000ȻٶЩˣƾ;öԸ
һҲһ㣬ٶȸ˹ȥ
˼ȻȫͲӵ
ڸ˼ϵˣǲӦԼѡ·ߣҪ֣ܽ͹ܲôˡ
һ߿͵ıһȭͷƣֱֱײǸϡ
ǺǰľͷԷΣȭͷֵֻһͱһȭƴ͵ĹȫԶԶ˳ȥڹһˡ
˼һݣǿѹסоţ˵һг
һɵ
ԾһŲȥ


133 Ī
˼һ̳⼫Ϊ˿Ҫη
ֽҲǲҴ⣬ֵס۾ţֱײ˹ȥﻹЦ˵ɽ꽣쵹ǿˣôһ˵˭
򱻸ܵǹսǿĹָܼһʱᣬܵˣοôɢĹ
ǵĽϣȴδ岻ǰ塣
ѵӪһֱϺ˵Ļѵ˶ʹ澳Ӧһֱеĵ·ƴѪѪ
žǱ߰˽Ҳһȭ򱬶Էͷ
ȻеĿĲΪɱ˼ϣΪ˻׽ôȰʧȥźá
˶Գ𣬸˼϶ԼĽģԼġ
ءһ죬Ӱɡ

˼վֵľһײײȫͷ߰˸ˤɵĺǼѲ
ֱصģȻûս֮
ܵǣһֻ꣬ڲëֱϴ̳һЩǳǳѪ
ںģƺͷûô˵
˼תߣǰӰһһצȴűںʱҲֹ
˼ʱźûǸıƵߡ
߸ŵĸսʿȫսԼҲƵӶӲˣ֯ôôǰȴû˵
ϧԼȡ˽˵ĳɼԺԶǰ;ѵôˣ
һûḵ˼ϵľһ˵ʱҲﲻ˶Է
ųӳսʱĶ֮ȴճ
Ŀ꣬ʼж
һд󶨣ѻǣƣܺͺڱˡ
ϴЦݣƿ˳վŵ꣬ž̡
֯˽֣ǹеõö࣬Ѫս׵ĳʶˡ
Ұ񾭷ӦȫþˣҸŶر졣
ĹЧʵںܵͣǴмӵԷҲܹãҪ˵ǵҪȴ̫ѡ
ԣջÿ沫ɱ
˵ֱۣȴǲ⣬һˣֿЦ˵ƾҲ𣿽֮󣬿ѪսӾҪˡ
űҲǹЦߵͬĲһ㡣
㣬ͻͷȻ֪˭
ˣų޵ŭ
˻ΪƭȴͻȻоЩ
۽֮У˿һߴӰһѼӳ̣ɭѪ⣬ȵõʯɽѡֱ
һһ֮䣬Ϳʮ׾롣
ӰٱɱϢ׺ԶԶģдĸо
Ʒ磡
ôˣ
űѻ֧Ԯӳ
ǣشֻǶＱٵĴϢһ顱ǹ죬ȴûʱشĻˡ

һжճ֮ء
һƷȫ֡
Ը˼ϵ˱նɱ߱ǿ°ȥȥ
һ˶ճʮ㣬ѷȨУʲôʱȫһƿء
ƷѪĶӳҲûжճָȨʾ飬Ҳһ¡
ʶӢϧӢ۵Ĺϵɡ
ճƷ֮Ǵνйء
ֻԾ֮ƷŻ֪ճӴľǿִξˡ
ǾһֲһҪǿѹһе
ƷţһˣڶԸ֯սʿ
ַ
˼ϴӦĵϷ򣬽һƽĵضΡ
ѻ־ͻ޴ΣҲֻǿճ˾ͻἯлɱݣ˳Ѹ˼ϱ
˫Բ£սʿճƷ˵ƤɱˣҲûôס
һֵַضθӵ
˼ϵ˲һʵǲмһˣһͷ˶ԷĻ㡣
ʱ򣬾ҪճдԷҪĻ㣬ǣסӥָļѻ֡
Ʒ缸ȫɱűȻͷΧɱݡ
ַԸ˼ΪȵϹٺˡ
˵ǼȥսʿЩƽǣһУΪɱ֯ļӢҾ¸˼ϣЩֵõġ
һֲ˵ǣЩսʿԼ˼ʵİˣҲûôۡ
һô룬ճ͸Ӳںˡ
սôҲܲˣ˭˭
ֻٶԼҲ㹻ˡ


134 潻
ճܵһһֱӾͳ񶼾Ƶá
ſڵıһӰԶٱûӦҪҪͱճӹߡ
һһ֮д
˷Ա߹ȥһǸˡ
죬ȴճӰѾʧڴת¥ݴ
ͳĬ
˶û֣Ҳ֪Լʧְװ֪ɣֻϣҪʲôźá
ܵʮʱճһŲͣ
ӵĹ켣ϿжϳǾѻڿм֮һ
ճһ漱ٱţһоƬɨ裬Ӱͬǰӹ
ûУҲûУ䣬
ճ۽һĿꡣ
к÷İ䣬ŹصʵҲûпơ
䷿̨ȴһź£ŮжһM200ֵָ򴰻档
ǸǸ˼Ϯĵط
ճһͳ嵽ǰҲ˺ķԱСվסʲôˡ
ͳɫǹĶŶ˵һĿ꣬ʼж
һ̣һţڵһ㣬Լ˷䡣
žֽһһײ֮˺ѷ顣
ճײľţЮľм䣬еǹѾ׼ǸѻֵĺԿǹ
ߣ
˼ϣһǹĴȣܵͷ
ŲűѾ˾ƣһ˸ϵҲûа취ıˣһսԼӮˡ
ϲľǶںߣƿĽС
һӶ֮У˭Ҳ޷ӥۡ
һ˽ʲôӦȴһֵĵط
Ȼҡڵͣһ³ȫ޷ԶһӰֱ̣·ص㡣
Ű˰ףܸӦǿҵɱ
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ץеM200ͳѣΥѧ̬ҪתȴһȻ죬䶼ö
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ճˣͶӵǽϱһ󶴵ĺۼһЦǹǹȳٶȣ̫ˡ
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ǰŮ˵Ķ̬ر񾭷ӦҲܿ졣
ҪҪȴôҲܣֻ˶Σȴ˵
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һ¶ü²ӰճоƬɨжһۼ
ÿ֣ճ̾ȴδ֪һĶ㿪ӵ
ӥצӣۼĿ˶Ů˳۾ͫ״֮⣬һ˫ֵָױɺɫ乴
ֶ죬ޱȣץǹһʻһƮݿݡ
ǣճоƬǿףݵǹڸո̧Ѿϸ΢ıλá
ӵ׷ٵλǸ塣
һðŵ꣬ݵǹһŹ⣬ᶨŶԷǰУеɫǹҲǡ硱ӵ
ȴһҲˣ۾ĳӥ̬̫֮ǿƫһӾͶ㿪ճճĻɡ
˶һ󣬷ʵ˭ҲûжԷԼͬͣ׼
ȶճ
һ粽ǰףһɿ磬廹ûؾͰڳһڼӣ䡱һȭ
ӿճȭͷ򱬿岻΢š
ݵ彫Ҫķȭͷ׷·һҲɡ
ڱɫΪԼΪķӦٶƴʱ𲻵̫á
仯ֻ֮䣬ȵԷ֣ѾûʱӦԡ
ֳצָɭɭָ׷ķâХճץȥ
ʱžԷĴڣӥצҲץ
ݵӥצеӥצ˼
ⲻǳվϰľѧǴϷıһֶ٣ԸѪ֮Ÿơ
ճһȭ;ͲһɷֱֱͬС


135 ĩ·׷ɱ
ճ֪ԷһצӲãһתббһַ̯סݵצȴϢ߳һš
һŷէ𣬹ףȵݷʱѾߵظ֮䣬ȴǽߡ
һˡ
ǳˡ
ٿ񾭷ӦҲҪٶȸϣݵķӦٶȹ죬㱻ճ͵ϮҲʱ̲
ϧǣٶȴԶԶȲճһȰ
ǡҶײػӰš
ɽ͵ѧ˺ȭ˫θӰ֮ճҹоƬоǧεϰ
ڣһȣҲܹεóʱһ߳ȴɽö˼ᣬ˼ָͣԸǿ֡
ճȭйء
ճϰȭӽȭȭ˼Ȼƫݣȭĸǿͬ
ȭ֮һġ
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ճŮһ˿ֵĵ⣬̷Ӧ˹
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⻹û꣬ڶ̨Ծܣ˱ԵǲͣԾһ¥žҪԶȥ
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Ӱڼ¥ƽأԾ׷һЩ˵ļС
ŮֻգͻȻĻһʮֲгӰ
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ĵӰ𣿡
Ů˰죬۾Բȴ˵ΪӰ¥ϷȥȻһԾ˹
˺ܶ࣬ȫòԼ۾
Щֻյռܶǰδ¶С
˵ӦþͻһЩΥѧ飬ʵˡ
ΪֶһPSļЩƬǼپ͸ӷֲ塣
СԲڴӲ̸ۡ书񻰵֮һȴòԼҪˡ
õ𣿡
ԽԽ
տʼʱŵȶ㵽ȫĵطһúñ֯µˣĸо
һ֮Ҳû̫˼ˡ
ΪβǱ⣬ܲӵһˡ
總֮ҧסͲɣ޵ɱԼ
ѵҪԣݵ𵭵Ĳ⻹ͷһεĲȷ
ԴӥδСսֵ´ĵûһǧҲм١˵ͷ­ʤֻţֻҪԼƻûѾɱ
ǰɱѪսӣһսҲ˵ֻ˵ܾˡ
һأ
ݱӵӰͻȻ΢΢һ٣дܺ
˾·𣿹ܼȻҪˣǺڱ϶ˡǰִ񣬳ԼѾȫû
һ;ĩ·˸С
û
ƷսȦһ𣬲űѾûа
űžܣҲ˲̱ڵصĸ˼ϣʲôʲôȫǸƣסСҪġ
뷨Ҳ
УͶ
űߵļʲôҲˣǲȥ


136 ͻ¹
ʵ֤ڱֻٶȹ죬ó͵ϮʵҲǿȥ
һΧ֮ͻӲȥһ̴ں
žǲ
Ӳ˵ĹֻʮಽͱƷһ̴ģһ֮ҲﲻԼ
ƷĹɱӳɣȸ˼ϵĽ֪ǿ϶١
һ̶ҲĲĲҺ
ƷҲֹ̧ͣͷԶ׷Ӱ˵һС꣬ס·ȥ·ˡҼǵǸѻ֡
˷ͷ·ڣճҧݵ󣬰Ҳɡ
ǰ·ΧһȦˣ˸ż˾㡣
˴ŹװվСӱߵĲݵϣССͷԸһ
ǺŮڶ̨ʡ
ճڳϳŮǵѡʶԬС
ԬС㣬һ飬һ͹ˡ΢һ£Ͼһ֣Ϸ治̫ó
ҿǲϷǹʱմ˰ɣһͱĹ棬Ūô𣿶߰ˣ
һŮԹţԬһһԲ
Щڽˡ
źǳһ棬ȴøװ˧׽ľٶĻˣƫƫֱ˵ʵںܱ
ԬС㣬ΪطչͱʱһᣬŮǿԷǰ
˵ţԬ޵͸һֿ
⻰˵ãԱߵʦͷҿ˵ʱˣû˲ʲô
ԬԽԽͷõĽûпڳԣֻǳЦҡҡͷʾͬ
ֻǸһ棬ҪͬĵӰĻǲǻᱻ÷
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Щ˿ؿڳԵųϣһЦȴᡣ
ԬŤͷһߣԳڵľٶܲð֪ľϴβеճҽ
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ԬЩѹҧҧ촽ǸһأҪҪȥʾֵ壬Լȥ
ǣŮôк᲻᲻֣˿أ
һ٩٩̸ȴû뵽Ԭ˼ͷɵ˲֪Զȫû˵Щʲô
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ϧ̫ʱˣת̬ճñ룬Ҳ֪׷Ͷ·Ůʲô
Сģ㿪
ճֻϣԬԼ˼һ㣬ȺС
ֻҪһʱ䣬Լܸϵ
Ԭճ˻Ӧӿˣû㣬ӭճķ
ֻøˣͲû
ʱɲǵʲôֲֵģŮʵҲûôҪ
ԬЦʢĻһ㣬۾Щֱˡ
ϧǣСЦݲǸġ
һĹ棬Ԭǲ䲻ȵı飬й㷢ĵЦ
ˮԼûˣЩ޵ǰõסԬߣЦӯӯ˵ԬС㣬ʱ䲻ˣҪȰһĻ
أ
Ļû˵꣬һ󼱷Ȼ͸оԼǱػײһ㣬ݺ˵ϣԶ
һУȺôңһЩ˺
ļڼһĻæ˹
ոܵͼǸײĺɫװŮ˷ţӰȥñʱ죬Ҳɵڵϡ
۾ɭĶԬ˻ɤ˵СãʶճеôȺСŮѰɣǾˡǼһ׷ɱҿĵúܣأҾͲҲҼ׷


137 
㡭ʲô
ԬŮʮǿһ־˼ˣЩ¡
ƽֵúǿ촵Լȭʮרҵ߶ΣŮһײ̾ͱ˹غ«
ʲô
ոƺճкҪ㵽ȥ˹ת㵽ȺѾˡ
һѾץסԬͷϵߣݶݺݵ˵ҵ㻹ӣ̫𣿿ôƯӦúСϲɣϣˡȻͲˡ
ݻ͸ſ̹ǵݣӥǱпᣬڳצӽԬĲϣЮת
Ԭ׺ݵץͷʹˮתתͷͼճվڲԶʹϧĿ˹
ۣճ
ճһ۾ͿԬʲô̾˿
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Ĳҷճ߽ˡ
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ץ𣿴ôˣɱһ᲻ճԬԼЩܣȴǿͷ˵־ܰɣŮ˵ķϣҸһȫʬ
¶ֻ֪ҪݷԼһͱץƻŮˡ
ճĻܵϷצӴ⣬Ԭо춼ˡ
ǿŵ̲סľľĴճȫɥһָо
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ֻɱ⣬̼ԬȫƤˡ
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Ԭ۾һҰɫת۾ͱʷ
С˼άرǺںǰĴǲǺΣգĵķǶڲԼ
ԼǸߴȻ𣬾ѹڰ龳£ҲҪһס
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һܴܴСƭԼԸ⣬ͬ˻ķɶ꣬ϧⱩ¶֪
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һЦ˵ճ˳ףҾͷСȻɱңҲʬ
ƶֻҪճ˻ȥǺա
ֻҪԷ֣߳Ҳûҵ
ңﻹźݣֻҪճԶһ㣬ͰСŮɱöԷҲʧܵζ
һξΪļ룬ŵ¹ܴɣúõıһ£ʵʲͷڶ
ճȫӦ֮£ݵ˼ۻףֻ֪ҪԼһˣͻӭɽܵĺ
ԬΣˣԼǽˣˡ
ôΨһ취ˡ
ֻϣԬݼĺܺòС
ճ̯˫֣ȥ˵뿪ǿԣñ֤һ˺Ҫһ
вһŲơ
ܿŵȫдճӻˣȻŮ˵Ļ
ʱ򣬾ƵˣҲֻǼɵճֻҪ뿪û˿ֹ
ڵװͲվ
ݵһײоȫͷɢ˼һʹǴ۸С
߶ȭǿģΪʲô͵סŮһײأ
벻ףڻڵϲϿѪӷ䡣
ֻܵʹͷ̧ͷԬݻע⵽ԼӶǻ
ڣѾû˻ע⵽Ǳ΢С˼Ǽŵķ˿Ҳٺ֣Ƕʧˡ
ԶԶȺУһӰȴĵ
䣬Ҳǵʹͷй¶еĿ귢ĵ


138 Ю
Ʒɱ˲󣬾ǰ
ճݶȺУ׷ʱ䡣
ƷűվճбȺ֮Уճ׼󳷵ĶеľȴѾյø
ΪճĽŲЩͬ
һںʱߣ᲻ķɣճȴ
˺Ķûʲôͬȴ΢΢𣬴ǿŴĴָһһ䡣
ֲȭбΪಽճұе㲻ͬǣ΢΢ں乭
ⲻǺ˵ĶҪ׼ǰ̵Ķ
һеһжţճߣ
Ʒ粢ʱʱ֣ţһ
ˣȺУĵš
ƷֻǸճһκȴǶһ㣬·ʽΪ˽⡣
ھгʦһ˼ҵϾˣѧӲӲǹꪵıɹϸߴģΪ׺
˼ȭΰײ쵹ݡ֮ʱȡʤ
ճӽСдϸ塣
ȭȫһⲢƷ۹⾫׼
СȭȻö֪Ҳһ̣ճͻᷢ
ƷճһʼûҪЭЭӭӲʤģҲ
ҪԬС;˵ʱһ֯ûôɵ
ԣ˵žһʱȴѾ֪֮һ֡
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ѽ
һŴСɵ³ǡ
ΧŵȺȫüͷоӿһıѰ
Թ˼ͷ
ּµˣεĺޣԬһ־ıϾЩͬͬıˣͬΡ
һź֮Уڵĳ龰һһ̵һʧȥ˶ʵƿء
ȻôźڳצԾô׺ݣǣȴһ־
ôһ̣˵Ӽбץ߼֯ڰյĺڰнרҵɱѵ;»ѵ
˵һѵǸķСкǸճԾб̴ִСк
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ݰзצӴķؿڳʱףմСŮѾȥ
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ӽһˣһټ֮ϵ
һʱͱȾ˾񣬻һ¡
û뵽ץеһֻСᣬŷ
ԬС׻һԻˣ߾׺Ůĳһ˲䣬Ҳķķ
һĴ
·ķԶԶݣôôȥ
Ск۾ѪôԽԽ쳹ߵĶһźȥ
ճһǱѹӢһ㣬ƮݵǰڰգգȴǷһȣȥ
صԹԬ飬Ŵޡ
ȫǰһ
Щ˫о޿
Ҳһȣѹʱ˰룬ȵѹʱճѾֻԶ
´󾪣ûôճƵ֮
һӦǺ˶ڶͷԼлʣʵҪ̫ճ
ͷתϼͰԬǰסճĵ·
뷨ԭûҲÿһͻϮõӦԡ
ƫƫʱС
ճһһȭա
䡱һƼ͡
Ԭš
˲ٿȫһʹ
һ̲ҪýεεԬСϹۣʹ
Ψ⡣
Ԭ۾Ŀճ۾գգΪճͻȻҪԼ
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ͬո˹ͬһ֣ܰͽһ֡
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ճʱƷͻȻ⣬һ¾ͦñֱ˾͸ߴ࣬񳱰ɱӿȡ
һȭףȭ


139 ɽţ
ǧ֮ĿһȭԬؿڴ·ûдһ㡣
ͻճļƣȫȭͷܼľ磬ȫһ
²Ǹ
ݸոհԬƵǰͷ˸񵱡
ĹȷһȭԬϣȴ͸Ԭһֲʣȫݵظ֮䡣
ͬɽ鱩һĿݸоվڿ֮УķŻͬʱɼ
ڷͬʱؿڹͷѵġ
һɫâǰƮ
ؿڹʹЩľҲûܶ㿪ǰѪɫ̡
̲üĵǰһ˲䣬ϳʲô
Ʒ糤ɱеǰѼӳѪ̡
ѪƷ硣

һսԼþѻֶλѪսӡ
ƷԼΪΨһĻսվûѱˡ
ɱѪôˣȫ˻ȥ޳Īڴˡ
Ŵ˫ۣϺɫԲͫĹ⣬ǰСķӰ񽥽١
ףһ֯˵ֻܻһʵСķһûл
ֻһʬ⡣
СŮѾˣǸѪɫҹխС
˵ģֻڵ۾նצӵС
ֳ˶Ĭı仯ȫӦ
ֻһתۣͼԶԶվŵˣƮԬǰ
һȭСû£վںźµŮȴ÷Ѫ
⻹û꣬׺ŮڰգͱԶԶһѪ̴̴üģȻأüΪҡ

һЩ̫С˾žɢ˿
֪ȥǻˣȴȻ̲סп־塣
ԶԶ˾һ֪ᣬβˡ
Ԭէէϲ֮£鼤һͷ˽ճĻУͷǰӳ
һǿŮȷЩܵļˡ
Σյ£ǿճһϷΪԱ֮
ֻ֮ʣݳģԱճһ㡣
ҪΪǿʡ
СһԱһϷݵã˶ƭ˹ȥ
ҲһԱճ磡
ҿɲԣϷҲСճЦ˵
Ҫݵʱ˭ݵúãԬЩݵ˵
ָճװ󳷣ȴ°ţʱ˵龰
ֱ̬һ
Ҫ˵ݣԬһˡ

ƷЦ˵ǺԱϧҲһùڣҿʱʱ̿Ѱһᡣʽʶһ£ҽƷ磬桯Ʒ磡
ճӽȭճճЦ˵֡
ɱݣնɱǰѪսӸûһսĳ©֮նɱƷ߳
ڿսǣӴ˱ӭÿһϣ졣
սѵĸĸ޶չˡ
һΣƷ׼ڳеӱܡ
һңҽԬԱԬ
ԬЦǰ˵
ʶ˼¡ǰɣǾ»ιԶԶһ˲˵
ȴЦǰꡣ
ŮˣҲģЦ仨һӯӯĿƷһۣȵĹԬ֣˺ܿߴߴĳһѡ
ճ龰ͻȻоЩġ
˶ˣ˻ţá

1012ҵգһҪк׷ҵġ
ԬڱǰЩѧԼʱ䣬ʱ˵ֻ˵Ժȥ
ܺߵ˵׷Լ˼㲻ңͱ׷ѹ
ճֻЦŵͷӦԬС۾ţôҲ˵ܾĻ
һģʱѺ˴ܣҪʲôﰡȥ׼׼ճЦеʵ
Ϊûμӹ˵ջô߶˵ᣬȫ֪Ҫʲô
ܲ͸ɡ
ԬЦĿһۣʵģʲôĻͿɣܿ˾Ϳˡ
һԼʵӶͨˣƫƫ岻졣
ԴӼճԬ۾ûϹͷ·һſһơ
ôĲۣע⡣
˧뷢Ƣճǰǿһ档
ֻҪճһȭķģ͸оĵ׷飬Ҳûе˵
Ҳֻ︹̡
Ǹϴֻ֣ȭȵĻɫԬûйͬ⡣Сڻ־ͬϵҪԣԺˣ
ҪԼںճȴûڰ֮ǰԼȭ߶Ρ
ΪԼһǿ׳ˣЩԡ
Щˣ˺ͶԼԶױ׼ڴˣԴǲ


140 ǿȭ
ļ죬ճҲûȥżСèڱ䣬ɽɫ
ʱ䣬ڼרĴȭ
ɽȹһ֮ѧ˻˫ȭҶײػȣǼᶨ˰ȭΪһ壬ʺԼȭۡ
õԺ˽̩ճѧ˰ʽһȻһľԼԸһİѸ˾ҲΪһ塣
ӽȭΪȭ˫ȭȭȭ֮С
ȭ仯Ķƿճԡ
ȷüҲô졣
ճȭȫһľ׮֮ϣÿڵϰĲһȭ
һȭ;ӽȭھȭȴ仢צ˲ʱǺײ
Ա˿ţ޷⼸ȭӲһ
Ϊˣ˴򷨡
ճһϰоԼľԽԲڣҲһ
죬оƬһ£ȴԼѾ˱仯
2.21.2ʣ1.1ݣ1.1
ʾճָ궼Сȵӡ
ֵصǣȭͻ1200Ѿ׷µɽֻһ֮ң
ʡݵճȫʵ
ҲˣӴ̤˰ڡ
һİɫıһ㡣
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ճû뵽ǣľҲ˳ٳ߸ͷһ
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ΨһճЩźǣ־־ȭóķյĲ
Ʒǿɱǹȭһóһ̣ճȴûҵԼľ㡣
ȷԼҪһʲôںˡ
ͳ˱׼ȭҲﵽ˱׼
ǣõʱȴǸоһġ
Ϊɱ¾𣿡
ǲҵĵ·
ˬճվͥԺУƾ档
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ȵܵʱճʹܣʱȥѧУ档
ҶʶʦҵĺӣҲûǡ
ճСͶ£Ҫʦ̫࣬Ῠ׼ʱ䣬ڹʦѧʱǰؼҵš
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ҵ뵽أʲôʱ
ճϵƶ䣬･һ˿ʡ
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ԣҵĵ·ǴƣĽޡΪʲôҪȥΪʲôþҪʹΪʲôͲԴˣ
ֻҪ뵽п
Լһղȥ֮ѰõķǾͲܷܣκõĲĳɳ
粻ȥȭİأһŬǿ˵Լ͵̴ɵĽ¡
пǵС
֮ǰ蹷һȭͷ­
ֻӵǿԴһеԼ飬Ѳ˺ǵ·
ûʲô赲ȫԼǿ
Ŀꡣ
ɱ񣬷ɱ
ճ󱻷ȥ˺ҳһá
֪ԼľôȭΪһ壬־鸽η
Դηľ񣬿һӳı״һȭ
ǿȭɽѣˮĪ赲
ճջߣӿɺ顣
һڳһȭԺǿڷţڻȭϡ
ڳ˲ɼĲϣҫһ㵭⡣
⣬־
һȭܷ粻𣬳ȭ򣬲Զľ׮Ϣĳһ
紵ϸľмͬɰһ¶һȭӡ
ڳˡ
ճЦ

磬뵽ʲôĵˣЦúõ⣬ɡ

ճЦ̫Σȴûע⵽СС
ȫЦ
ճһ죬ôŵĶСȥˣʵЩ
ǼԼ氡ͨһȭϵ⣬Կġճ鼫ãЦ˵˾Ͳˡ
˹ȭüޣʱ׼Ҳ˹ʲôˮڶԸԼء
Ŷľ׮ȡԼȭﵽµĸ߶ȣȴһ¡
һҪȴǵ顣


141 
1012Ԭ磬ϴμʱµԼʱȥ֪Ѿͷѹɶ
þǽ졣
ճС˵һ׼ȥμᡣ
ţֱֵƷ̳һᣬȴôҲҲʵ
һЩΣƺûʲô⣬ԼҲͲΣ˵һʮСҲ̫ʺϡ
Сè˵ǲһԬأһⰡ֪С˵һııͺˣԬҲ˶٣Ӧûйͬ⡣
ճ߶߶ģЩץϹˡ
ʵԬȥ᲻վá
Сèſճļϴ˯ʱʱ۾˾⡣
ճʻ˵ճԬҵĹ𻨸ܺóԵģҪȥóԵܳ˼ҵĶá
ճЦСèϵųԵģ˼кóԵдǺܺúܺõˡ
ԼһˣͳԵģ̫˵㡣
СèŮӼϲÿ·ֻСӲϲ졣ճúý̽Сèʡ
ÿ·СѩȹĺܺÿȹˡСèճĶ件е
һֱĽСѩǼصĵɫȹӣϧԼϵķĻû䲻Σܴ
СèСѩȹҲǼٵģģ˰ճЦǺǵĿСè۾ɺ״
ո˵оͻȻһ͵һԴ˵ôû뵽Сè㵹ҡͲ÷ȥʲôԬˣȫȲһŷ˲һʹﵽ1.0ˡ
Ǹ⡣
ճѿܷΪһֱûҪŷĵʱһΣŹҲӦľͰԼϵɱﵸˡ
ܷԱ״һķ̫ʲˡ
Сѩһţճܹºܴ¡
ԬϴпܷϣǱЮ֣ҲôΣգһˡ
뵽ճƷ껨˼ԪǮһССƷУװǺܺõġ
ԲÿһҪô£һճ֪ġ
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Ƶſڰž޴ĻдףףԬʮա
绨ǰƽ
ճŻһЦдŵССƷУԬСﻹ˵ҪҪԳӭӡ
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λƵ˼ҵᣬ𣿡
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Ϊй£ȴֻԼһҪô£
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ճɫһ䣬ôһˡ
ӦеĶЦĻ֪ʲô°һ˴
Լ㴩һзȴҲǾӡ
۾ëˣҲڿԼԻȵ˲ࡣ
˭ҵӣѿ
ճ̧ͷžƵ濴ȥÿһ˫۾ʱʱĿߡ
һװɫֹϴŽ۾ʱżһ̸Цʱʱſָָ㣬Цǰ
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֪װĻ
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ңճĿԬǣȻû˼
֪ĵӸָʹΪԼԬ֪ˣĺã
ӳԿһ֪Ĳݰ϶ʲôơ
ѵʲô׵µԼ


142 С
ճ̧ȾƵȥҲǸ
ȻǱָʹСרԼģĲҲͬ˵ˡ
ƷһճֱƵȥҲˡ
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أһ죬űļС
žǱӲķкչ˦÷ɳףˤڵϣˤñס
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ճ̧һǵȣҲ˷ݣȻ̧Ⱦ߽Ƶֱֱ꣬ߵǰЦЦĿ
ճߵǰճƷɱ˵һĻ
оϷɵĺɫؽеյʲôԬĳᣬųϻŴ𣿼ֱҰˡ
˲֪ôģҲϵΣ˵ǻʮֿίƺͰԼȭֵһɶ
֪ˣĽΪճǸ᲻Ĵ³֮ˡ
ΧͿճӶͿԿĳЩ˵Ѿɹˡ
Χ˿ճɫƣһЩŮ͵͵
ԶЩŮճ񿴵꣬ĿʮĮ
վڶ¥תݴһ򸾣Цݣʱһ
Ԭɺҷ򸾡
Ҳϳճ
ҽǱĴмġԼССŮǲͬѰĸ飬ܲճ;
ʮָԡ
ʱճ˱ֱôһ֣Ҳ֪ǰճĸйپ͸Ӳˡ
ŮĳҲǲõһףôһ𱬵ҽЩǷˡ
Уһз͸˸롣
ճ˰ôҵ绰׼ſڽ˵ġԬϲؽе
ŵɫسȹͤͤʤավ¥ݿڣźƣһЩ˵Ż
ĳ֣ԬҲܶˣоƱߵķԱһţȹߣ˹ȥ
ճ˵òˡ
߰ճ磬ô˲ܾˡСèҲˣοвٸ㣬¶Ե㰡
ԬϴμСèǵһϲԹ𻨸⣬ճϵСè鿴Լͷĵϲ
ɯɯϲԱճӦģ֪ԬСèɲ˼ȥ˵
СèͷɯɯС㣬к

СèԬļͷë׵СԴȥԬĶ䣬Цڻо᲻ˡ
ŮӶԳȫûֿ̫
СèһСᣬԬ£æ˵ճȻҪ³һ֧裬ҵɣҲϲ衣
⣬ҿɲ裡ճԬЩ˼˵
һȻɡŻʱһЦ顣
˭֪֮ⲻھƣű⡣
ԬȴǱͷûлػ
Ѹղŷȫˣ֪ǳڵҪݺճ
ﲻˣֱӾ˺˵˵ֻ۾Ŀճһ㲻ӦҾĸ㿴ģ
ճ˫۾̾ͼֲȥˣͶðɣ治ҪǲұֱŵĻʱѧ
ߣ⻹࣬ܺѧģ㿴һξͻˡ
ԬЦˡ
ճҲûᳵ˱Ԭϵɫܲÿȴûһͬ飬Щ⡣
Ѿ˼ָʹԼˣƵڵĿ˶Լ˳ۡ
Σ
޷ҪԬĹע˵ճճԬʧӶҵᡣ
Ԭı֣ȴǺݺݵĴһơ
ʲôʵûлᣬһʼעˡ
ܵõ˵ͬ˲ϲȻûá
ճͷβûٿһۡ
Ҳȥ⺫
߳һ߽ЩȫҪ
ܵ˵ЩǾǲɵˣִӮˣõ˵ϲҲû̫塣
ճμᣬֻȴԬ⣬ЩСѹΪһ˿ϲ
֮ˡ
ʲôȫĿǷΧ֮С
Щճԣȫûʲôɱ
޹صˣ޹ص£̫ྫȥᣬֵá
ʱһ˹ľݵһСܵĹԬһСʵԬС㣬ʷʲôˣǾƵò׵ĵط


143 ֵ
Цú׺ҺܾģճһˣӦǾƵĹԱ
ȻԬ̱ޱ飬˵ﾭǾƵøߵżĹ;Ȼᱻſʣƻҵ𣿡
ﾭͷϵĺˣ֪ǰŮɲܵһŮ˼ǸǣһһжӰ
һģƵع˳ȥɾͲðˡ
ﾭǵĹҲ̫©ˣ㿴ճģǻԻȵҾͲűһԭƫƫ˭Ҳס
ԱһЩϬŮ˹
ŮǿﾭһϳˣǺԬࡣ
Ԭգֳ˼õýʿ
Ƶĸű֪»ܺõȥ
ﾭճæǸԲҾˣҪ˭ָʹ
ճЦ
ôģ̬ȴ˾
˵ͷûְҵµıȷûҪʹã˭ڱָʹͲòˣˡ
˵žͿ˳һۡ
ȫ˭ֻǰڳǸǣμԬջĿˣЩȴ˵̫ס
ճҲﾭôǰȥӻͳһСɵĽУ˹ȥСףտ֣ССɡ
òСè֮£⣬Ҳǵĺܡ
뵽Ԭ֪ʵ־ϲճ͸оʵںȤ
ôﰡ˵ÿԬ˵Ųãü۽ǵĿȴβס
Ϸ𵭵ĺΣˡ
ΪĹضģΪճģر׼￪ġ
ʵճժһСҲһĿġ
Ӳ󣬾һʴһ޲˵ͬ
ճͳʱţͬһֻں죬һֻüһȫأҸоƮƮģһպӡ
ԬҪҲò𿪣һĶֵǮճӿɾȫˡ
ò˵ܻճġ
Ԭкճϯ
ʱòˣճñſڵһǵ˻Ƴϵʱ֡
Ƶ˾Ѿ׼λҪףٴʣʦҲϳǴͣ߻п˵̨ա
һס׸˿ĸͬˮʣ͵޵˵ϣ˵ɵͬʱӪܰĸо
ʦļܲӣܹڲ֪еص
ΪԬɽĹϵӰѧԺҲ˲ʦͬѧһЩСҲ˺١
һΪСʦҲԬʦѧʦıŮϲ£ȻҲ
ȻӰӸ̳
ճһɸƽľ󣬸žƵĻգҲо΢΢
СҲʮˣԼǲҲŪһأӦҲܿĵİɡ
ΨһĵǣСõտܾûôˣҲ̫
СҲ£ֻҪüһ𣬾ͻúܸˡ
ճԬϯԱһг𣺡ףһǺĶɣСӵµģĶ϶ͬһ㣬ôҿ۽硣
˵ǳʱǹŹֵЦ⡣
ǰǰСһǺܾµôҲ۽ɡ
Χ壬ȫԬɫЩȻ
ͿӲֵǮñȽϽܹװĶᡣ
϶ʲôҲ̫
ܾճ˸ľ⣬СŮġ
ƽֵʱóܲһЦʽϣȫòˡ
ͱ糵͵ľһ׹ֵʮĶ
ȻҲôۣô棬õóˡ
˵ĻԱȫվס˽Ų৵Ŀ˹
ЩǺ棬ЩŲЩǿЦ
ǼѧģˣֻЦô
ͿСӲ˳ˣŮҲһȦСġ
ճعݵļٿ˶װЩ˵оȫ˵Ĵ硣
ȦУôˣܵһװƷΣܾôСڵĳڹڳϣ
ִŵǺһزѲϣһˣҲ


144 
ճȴ֪˵˼СҲû˽̵Ʒλ顣
ǰûžУǲܶʱ̫˽⡣
ˣȫûеĲף˵뷨ҲͲ̫ˡ
ƫƫԬȴҲûһΪܺãճǾкÿ۾ųĻԷʲô
ճƶװʲôúÿ
ԬΪһߣԿɲͣͿ˳˼
ںżɣڷ˿ҲѵõƽαװñڻӰȦҲ˲ѡ
ܻӰѧԺȦӡ
Ŀ׷Ԭ
˵˼ΪթΪ˴УһƲɣһơ
ھƵſñճûеóѣССĶһˡ
¸ոչȥŴӼҾճ˼תü죬һһ
ԬµҲû̫෴УбԼô⡣
ԬȻճҲڰ׷Լã˵ĹԼֵһ˵ȻǶ뿴ʲôͲ𿪿¡ճҿҲ֪ʲô㡣
򿪿ɣʺģճգգ۾Ԭ˵
˵İûǸԬģҲòˣ޷ǵ裬Ԭȴͬ
ľΪǿʺѧϰȻû˴УҲûѧʲô
һ㣬ľѾﵽʹſܷż
ҪǾͻ1.0
˷粨Щԭ̫ĵҲɵÿ˹
ԬɽҡͷЦЦԼŮôܻӭҲһӵ顣
ǵЩͬճˡ
ϴξ֪ǸҽҲ֪ûʲôͳӦҲ󲻵ȥ
ĵͣĵҲûʲôһΣڴ֮ͥ±˼ңͲúŪˡ
ֻϣ񾭴һЩӿ˵Ŀ⡣
Ԭɽﰵ̾һ
̳һЩѧɲʲôʡ͵ĵƣЩԬĳְĽ֮ġ
ʱ˹ͬĵˣĻвƲ侮ʯĵ
ԶһĸüԶɽȫĳŮҲ˹Сֹճֺ졭ˣⲻǸκС֢ǰ˵СʦϷܵˣȫˣֶ̬ȺǲͬѵҲκõģǲ£үүĲ
Ů£ǳ˽Ԭ֮ʵҲΧżɫڴڡ
ȴԬºУֻ䵭ģӦţ־ǧ֮ζ
ǽȵġŮշ࣬ιܺãͬࡣ
Ϊ磬ָǿۣӵļϷֶƱʱȴǱԬҪ
ãҲǺӰѧԺҵѧԬɽĵʦԬСʦˡ
СʦõʮգҲո֣
£ڱͲʶʶճȫԬܲʲô
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βͬԬճ۾ðСˣǸ˾ͻᷢŲ׵
˼˻ﲻˬϣƻ
ʹһЩģԬԼֶĳҲӵĿ⿴ճ
˶֪˵˲ܵõԬôɰС뿴˼ּɵ˼ǶһЩ
ǵ뷨ǣҪԬѰѹأһЩĵ˸ƭˡ
Ԭ˶ͬҪʱЩˣĿճһۣճȴһģŰЩ
ɣճº͵ЦЦ
ԬóСУ𿪰ŵĲʴֻдżףֽԼҪֵúϲ
ǧճ綪Ӳźá
ԬǲһֽҲ˸߲ңȴû뵽Ĳһֽ
ʲôֽ
˼͹Ҳ̫˰ɣڽֽƽɣ
϶˵ŷֽ˴ʦ⣬а֮Ч̫ˣͲõҲгⰡ÷ֽͺŪء
һԬĵɫֽţ츴ƣ
Ȼʲôģǲ²ʲô
죬ǿסЦ⣬ŮӽʻɿĶöˣǵһμһŷġ
Ц˻ɷнµһСװҪǳһЩ˶壬˷
ЩȫĿճһˣεỹܴȥ
ϣҪ߳ŭźá


145 
ԬеСɫĽ䰮ݲһ˶ȥ׷
οһͳ˸Цͨˡ
ճǿʵЩͨ
˫۾ùݣڳĿŮȽϣûʲôĵط
Ǹ벻ףΪʲôԬ˴˽Ȼͬ
Ԭֽסˣͣû뵽ô˵һЦ
ǳʱЦر
Χŷֽת˰Ȧ﷢Ŵͺܾ˵ŷܵϾİɣһƬɼΰϾ۵ŵ¹أҪһԪ
δ䣬һҲЦ
ԬϵͬͬѧӰƽΪпһҹ˾ߡ
ıݿѧòôΪ£ΧԼߴڡ
˻ǵãո͵һֵʮľ
ȻڴҿҲʲô˲Ķ͸ŮͬѧҲǴֱˡ
ӰβסŹЦݣתͷԳ˵ɲ´ˣ㲻ֽ飬ѹΪֻһԪ򵽡ҾŷӦǹ԰ľװûԪòġ
ָԬеķֽ˵ǿֽ͸ŵζ͵ĵɫӦԪĹֽôһֵֽһˡټϷֽϵɰɫģƷҲŷֵٰʮԪ˵ÿɶԣ
Ļ
Ӱȳ⺫˸˽⺣ǵĹгֽʵɰһ飬չ¶ȵͬʱ԰˶ԹĲѧ
㿴һ۾ֽܰų˵ǼѧԨԴ
һβ˵˵ͷԬɽҲŶ̶̵ĺЩοѧȻΪЩ꣬רҵȰŻǺܺõģѧʶſ
ճԾôЦţƺûӰһһͣԼͳȥһĲֵŷֽѹ͵һ
Ҳһ㣬µĹۿԬŵŷŵķֽ
˿ճȴܿŷֽʱ޿̶ڸĳ
Ϊδʹù̺಻٣
ɾ㾭ʮ꣬ŷֽá
һ֮ҲƷˣճЩԼֱʡ
أŷֽɫƽ͡
о˵Ƥ񣬱ȵסһݲȡ
ⷽ˵ѾѳӰˡ
϶һЩġ
ٰ´ˣתøôСã
һӰŵŵš˹е˵¡
߸һָ
µ۾⣬Ӧþνβˡճóһûõķ͸СӣǴ˼СǵֻɵӲŻôôճǸɵӡ
䣬˶Цˡ
һָ˵һǧԪɣշǿˣҪΪԼСʦִԣճء
ճɫҲЩˡ
֪ˣæÿЦ˵˵ĲһǧԪһҪԬתŷֽңΪ̫ϲŷˡ

ʲô
շӳë˼˵ԪĶһҪԼʦõҪʲô
ӰЦģ̳ЦճոЦù񫣬̾סӵĹѼһ㡰˵
ӰڷۣµĻһǺһûƺһ
˶Ϊ·ˣԬȴôΪ
£ŨŨľ衣
̫ʦļˣں˵ŵڶû˸ŵһ
һһˮƯ棬ó
ܲŷֽŶص֮ŷȥаɣ
ҪĲ
ѵŮҲճ磬
ŮǿսڶͦͦǸոշСţü΢΢ǺöĿȸһʦû˵һ仰𣿾Ӳãճר͸Сõأɲǿᰡ
СãʦҲǷҪŷдãҪøңղһԵ̵ķҶ׹ȻòãƤرףʺǶ׹ˡ³ϿҶִ˵
ݡ
ڳԵ̼۸˽һЩˣһͰǰ٩٩̸Ӱͬѧ
˵һԵ̶׹Ҳֵ򣬾Ϊ˻ôƷ
ŪǷԬܴһ
ʲô
ԬȻ֪ԼĶȴҲ̫֮飬ʵ̫Ͽˣûͱ˵ģ
ˣԬҲǲԸӦġ
һѾͽеķֽ뻳У˸˵Ŀɰʦ㣬ϲٱ


146 ǳԻ
ԬʱҲˣƺҪճǿŷֽˡ
ԼȻûֽʲô˲ãֽӰ˵ֵԪԬ˵ֵüʵҪ
Ҫճ͵⣬ôҲתøˡ
һصı飬ȫŮξסˡ
Ǹ벻ףôģ
ѲǸЦһƵʲôΪ֪ħôȫƯŮϸͳһƷأ
Σ
ճȷЦǸˡ
˿󣬸ĵԬСûԼ͵
Ϊʲôԭ򱦱ŷġ
Ѿ㹻ˡ
ʵµľ˲⡣
ǵճҲôεĳ氡
˿ҲãҲգŲȥŷʲô֮ء
Ȼ˹һֱͿȥɡ
£ʲôԭأ
òŷȥҲֻܵ衣
оƬɨ跢֣ϵһ磬ӦǸոͻ˰׶Ρ
ʮһģͻưҲֻԼһ㣬һˣճܳƨš
¹жļɵȭһڸǲ˵ġ
ľֻ0.8ԶԶûͻ1.0ܷȫûá
ճо֣Щ̲סˣʵչҲһ䰡ŷͱˡΪѾ͸Сԭ򣬶ŷֻֽãò˵ġ
òˣ˶õѵˣʧɻˡ
֮£ϵʧп˶ов̣ƺԼ˶ô治һ
Ԭˣŷûã漴ֺܹǹУʦ˵˵ΪʲôҪ˵Ұ취Լһܲǰ취
¿ԬǴʪһů˵ͷЦǾͶлˣգôϲӣͲ˵ЩĵˡŸ˵ʱ˵û鷳ոء
˵ճһۣĿеζ
ȫ˼
ȴ룺ҲǺͿˣүүĲҲһʱˡȻҵճˣʱܲȥˣʵûҪһŷֽµļˣûм𣿡
ճǲ֪°µĸ˿֮Ѿ飬ͻȻת˼ȡ
Ǵ߿ϯˡ
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⵹е˼ҾƵаϲ¶ˣҲһЩصֶΡ
ճָָһڱͣЦЦԺ˵ɣСᣬҾͲ̸ˡ
µǺкøУ޹ضԷʵ⣬ŮһֽóӰȫС
ǵЦֵֻٵ˼ȴ޲üıɡճܵš
ЩҪȵճˣվ֤Լ֪ǳ
Ҫǣ͸յСԬģԬšƷɱһǰָЦȫСо
ӰоϻģԼЦĿҲȫ˻ȥ
ʲôҲֻʽ
ǿճ۹̾Ͳͬȫڰ²⡣
ŴǺˣͳĵʲôǷֽʲôܣ
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֪Уճ̵ӡʱʱ͵͵
ճʵҲЩ֣Щ˵ı̫죬ѵͲһŷֻֽΪϷ۹ⲻá
Ϊʶ£֪Ů˵ļͥŻô롣
ֻҪ˵ˣͻףƾµıͱͲмŪ١
ҪĶֻĺöûֵϷ
žƵ˾ףٴʣͿʼˣճᣬϯλȻЩʦһ
һ̧ͷͻῴӰ˻
Ȼܿ޵ߡ
óŮѾԼˡ
ЩҪճ⡣
ǰЩʱգճһ֮䣬μӱ˵ᣬڸƽʱ̣Ӹоһѹˡ
Щ˵һ⣬ͬ棬ȫϡ
׷ǲǿʾհأôйԴף˿𿴲𣬶ʵû𡣡
ճﵭȻͲٹעˣֻ˦Դ
ûעܵԶԶģøһܶˡ
һȭںڣճѾܶˡ
˾͵óԣϲƷʮַʢԻĿζ
ǴＹɫϺʣբз
ƷζܲѹԬɽҪѡƵꡣ
ȭ֮⣬ճľܳԵˣÿһкõʳƷһĵʱ
ҲСﲻ̫ԣйϵ
ǽڼ󣬲ûжǮðʳƽճҲֻǸųԵҳСˡ
Ӫ㣬ûôϸ򵥺ܶࡣ
ˣÿεֳϣճʹӲ̫ûꡣ
԰ôǲԷô˹ʲôֲסճһڰŨЦǺǵ˵
ӰƤֱûˣڼͥõĽ
ڳԷʱ㻹ǵýòһ˾Ͳͬˡ
ڻĹ鲻̫˽⣬Ҳǹװ˽⣬ʵƽԲʲôʳƵԴȵģ


147 ɱ
˾Ƶ겻Բȹ⿴˼Ů˵вɣ⿴žܱˣû뵽ĻĻѧõǲ֪ɫɲ۾ԳԣңˣҳԱ˵Լ̣ճͷҲ̧Ļ䡣
ҭ˵˵ùֱˣͲû˵ճûóԵģһС
ճȴ⣬ֵĳûըƤ뷴༥ճȴֲˡ
ճҿһֻ˴բзݵСèСצ˵ɯɯԵ㣬ɵϸ˰кöͣŪˡ
ϸŲͽֽҴһСè°ëϸľչСӤһ㣬˷Ц
Сèϣߺͷ˹ճ֣˹ĵϸϸƷŷʢĲƷ
һһܵģ˿;ʮֺг
ߵｻ棬ûֵһ˳
ܺĿճһۣ⵹Ǹرˣ˱УҲĺб¡
ȹᣬúúȥʦãүүĲӭת
¼ҽ̺ܺã֪Ҫ˾ͲܰżӣҲֱֱȥõİ취ػ˵
ճμԬᣬ֮Ų򵥵ĹϵôԬмʲˡ
ʵ˵ĻûƵ˻治Ϊ˳Էġ
ÿֻǳ˼ѣƷ˼СˣͿʼһڡ
˿ʼ̨׸ˡ
ѹǽᣬˡ
ǴҪģҪǴһһã׳գΪԬء
ճô۽磬ʱѾ˸߰˷ֱķٶȣʼͱ˵ĸ衣
עĻǱ̨١
ÿ˸ٶʱرҵƺǸ˲õļ
ճģ̲סͰѼλٸֵָɨ˹
ҲָΣƸްθߣ
һ߳ʳһѧϰԼȤļճо㡣
ȦһЩװƼճòϣҲ̫ģѧѧܺŪȥС
ԺμӾۻᣬЩĻԵøûйͬ⣬̫á
Сͥ߳ĺӣҪѧϰĶʵ̫ࡣ
һŹʵĴС̨֣ճҲһЩд
Ӱ̨һ׼ȻôǲúȲʡ
͸԰ˣһ׸ǱҵĵھŽ
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ճԴЩˣСèŮӲ̫ܺģ㿴Щ㶼ֻһ㣬˻ܣԣȵˡ
СèҧһճָƺڷСƢ
Ǻģܿ˿ŮĺٺȾƣǲǿͷ
ֱԵСԲԲģ̫˲ͣ졣
һ׽̨˶ƣվ˸˵Ҫ͸ԬС㣬ף˵ĳԶ˳˳ˮһҸ
ˣ˵У˶ǰĲȫ˵ȷܲ
ԬɽҲ΢΢ͷԳıֺ⡣
ӰΪԼļݲıݣЩζ˿Ԭƽ
ΪԬעûŵϣԶԶĿճСè¶Ц⡣
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ƽŮˣһֶΣͻñ˽ѡ
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ּ䣬ȴЦ̨˵ҵĽĿʲôֻ˵ŬһԬСڴȴճĽĿΪ֮ǰ˵Ҫһ׸衣ĳΪ˵ãټ뻯ɱǿ̫࣬һӭ
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Ԭһ㵣˸ճĵϸֻ֪Ǹҽ󳵶˵Ϊ˵ãټ뻯ⲻϹ
ɱǳɱԬתһ룬ˣСӼıһ׵ģճûˣǲݰ


148 Сè
ΧԭҲˡ
Ȧ죬ûɵӣճʲôˣʵǲ֪ģⲻǿߡ
µİճ̨ȥȻǰȥͷģΨһĿܾճͲᳪ赯١
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̨ϱֵ̫ᶪԬԬɽҵҲᶪ
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˵֮ʦҲһ̨ˡ
Ϊ˵ˣҪ̨˲ãټá
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ճվ̨ȥԬЦŵ˵ͷʾġ
ڳֻһڵԼܱܲݺã˾ͱˣȫǿϷ顣
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ԬɽЩɻʵҽѧǫ̂ȥˣ⵹Щ֣ôû˵¡
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Ԭһ͵ͷӻǣ⳵̫ˣҪǰʦȥɣֿܻһ㡣
ǱԼɡͱˣҿճţҲĻᳪ衣Ԭɽʾͬ⡣
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ӰȫָճһԼᳪֻСèȳҲ̫޳˰ɡ
СèôжǺģȫҲû˵
Ԭ͵͵ס͵ЦüЦøһ㣺֪ճְܴ취ҲõᵯҲ
ԬҲһЩ죬һȴǳЦˣľ档
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149 
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۶֣ףһԵİѸж˱˵Ժ
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μԬᣬٹǸ˹ıԣ˵»ȷŷš
Ԭ˹һֻĺһ㣬ǳݵĿճеճôᳪôãо㳪Ķˣ͸յһů
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˵ƺʲôЩص˵ɲ򵥰԰ȹҰ㴩ϻߴϣΪ㵲סһЩġϴץסͲ
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ճϸĽôŷȴԼֻˡ
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150 
ճ˵绰ԬеĿԼæһЦ˵СͻȻе£뿪֧ˡ
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ԼұŮʱʱðȾ˿Цá
Ϊȴޱȿɰжɵ
գɣҲû˻᲻֪Ȥ˵
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151 ɱ
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152 ȭ
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˹ܴƯȭճҪ࿴ˡ
һͷˮ˼˵û˵ǵ˹Ĳڼȭʲô˸յķӣ˵ȭȭĹͷȻ
ڿƣŤһֵĻȣ峯޺Сʱ򣬾Ƕ㿪СȻͷӺԼƨɵ쵽ǰ棬ץסֵĽţӶһƵС
аȷų㣬Ыڵ˹ʱ򣬾Ȼûʲôáߵ˹ļͻݽȥǹͷǼڸ·𲻴ڡȫȥԷĹƺһƤһ
Խ˵ԽأɫԵøһЩ


153 
ӵϢճ̫Ҳ
˵ĶģĿŤλƹճüëƺ뵽ʲô
ˣҿб˵￴ġճԺƪȭۡӡȭ֮෨
Ȿճã֮ӡǺΪȭڹ༼
ҪоǴ١
ûʲô򷨵ϰĿΪڸּ޻档
ܵ˵ȭǰԼһˣٷӴޱȡ
Ƿһþһʧ
ΪĹӡȭϰþˣͻʧȥâȱٶȡ
˶ʱ򣬷ڹᱻ˵ɳ
ȱʹ̫ˡ
ôȭأ˹Ϊһɱ֣ӦÿȭĺжǿҪվÿٶȡ򲻵ˣʲôã
ճЩŪˡ
磬ȭҾúܺð˹ʵҪٶȵġٶȾһ̨ôխĻ£ҲǶ㲻ġЩͷ
ˣճյ̧ͷô˵˹ĸֽأ̨ƽɱϾͬΧΧסġƽ׵Ŀռ䣬ٶȥһ粽ͲһͷܵһͷֻҪֱס֣ܱƵöԸƴѪ
ճüͷ
²ðˡ
ڼʱõϢʵЩӰ顣
֪ϢܱȱڹҪá
ˣӣ˹ΪʲôԼĵ¶أǲǷʲô飿ճõ˹Ϊȫϳˡ
һٴս֮ʱҪԼĵƲ
ô±˲֪һȲİ˳
Īǣյĵƣճ뵽ﷺ˿˿⡣
˵ս̩Цеɭɭ⡣
ǧȷʵûôá
ǧǧ
ճŲ벻׵˹ľٶ˻ʾһص⡣
벻ͨʱܻܿһ񵱡
˼ʱ򣬺ͻȻʲôصһ°ƣˣ磬ʱ˵߼Աڵδʽ׼ĽΧ̿ڣҪһ㿴˹˸ߵ£᲻עйأ
԰ܶǧ˼ΪʲôͲܶǮλ˹˼ĻҲϲһɡ
ĪעҪƣﵽĳĿģ
ճһЩȴûˡ
֪ȭܿһս
ԼŵƣҲ׼ɱ
˭Ӯ˭䣬˭˭վÿٳӡ
ֺǿԼҲûл֮
ӣǵ˹ȭҲȥһЩģʱзӶԸճӻüչ͸¶һϢ
ǰ磬֪Aȭֽʱ˶ٻغȡʤ𣿡
٣ճЩԤС
У˼û߹УֻҪ˹סͻѣʧܵ޿ɱ⡣Щͳ˵
ʲôճڱɫ
˵һǧһ򣬵˹ʲôʵ͵ƣʵ̫Ҫ
ҪĻʵս
дAȭ֣ʵճҲò߿ʢɱ֡
Ȼǵлɫ
Aȭʲôճȭݵˡ
Cȭȭ600˰٣Bȭȭ8001000
AȭأҪﵽȭǧϣһǧٽϡ
ʵɹ֣ǰˡ
ﵽAǰǰڣ˵С󲢲½Aȭ֡
ǰȭݵҡǮˣúܣϣ´ε
ǵʵص㷨Ҳܴﵽˮƽճࡣ
ңһԴȭΪɱޱȷḻľӢȭ֣ɲʲôû⼦
մѪȣɱ
ôˣ˹в˵Ĵֻ֮ܵС
һΪʵԱȣݲճӡ
ǵ˹жǿԼʤ
ճͷһЩȷ
ˣˣˮڣ
˦˦ͷԺ³־
ʵһ棬һ棬ʤսʵͲС
Ψսޣȡýȭɱ䣬ﵽһֲ˼ĵز
һΣ˹ҵĥʯ
ʯͷԽǼӲԽ


154 ֮
ճĲϢ֮󣬲ûбĶ־
Ψиǿֽ棬ŨҵĲΣǱܼʵ
ѾȲˡ
ճɫ粻һᣬ±ƽȴӷ
˵ǰ۾һ£ȴͬеĹâ˲ֱӣеĻȼգ֮⡣
ӿ֪ʲôҲ˵ˣһսδػ䡣
磬һӮģͱսɣҾͲˡϣһֵΪȲʵġ
˵ˣһ׮£ʱ磬ߵʱа
ڲ֪֮䣬оճʵԶԶǰ棬Ӱ
УҲܱ̫ԶøŬһЩųɡȭѾѧˣûֻΪһ죬Ҳߵһ
ӵĲԽԽᶨҲıøȡ
һ˵ţ˸иջ
Ҳڿɹһ죬ڲ֪ĵطҫĿĹʡ
ճõ˹ȷеϢӾЩ
һսĻҪѣȻѾȲҪսͻĴ⡣
սϿӶԷսȴӶԷ
磬һҪӮǿסͷСȭͷճڼҪкϢ
ţİɣСģʲô˹ȫǲһ
ճȭͷ˵ƺȫһ¡
ȴǰԹǸɤţ˵ɣôƺ˵ôʲô˳
һ£Сöܡ
ֻҪģճоͷˡ
ôС͵ⵣǵģĵĲУ˻ôˣСѾͷһԸ˼ֱ
ڼȻѾ£ô˹
Ϊ顢СѩΪһйԼˡ
һսʧ

ȭȻǰȻ֣յȴȻ
ͬıգеıȭݰŵͷϷ
ÿԲ֮ʱǰAȭ֮ıҲǹһ
ƽﲻĻԱһҲȭûʲô½ĸ֡
뿴ĵȻԼֵ֧ȭܷȡʤΪ˶ĸӮ
ȭ޸ȭ̶ֳȻȲ㽭ǣȭʿ֮еȴǱҪˡ
ǺˣǾ㽭̨䣬ȫˡ
ȭݵȭĿҲѾΪһʱС
ʿۼһ̸ĲķˣĳĳǵĻߣĸȱ߶ˡ
˻ôϵĻ⣬ֻ˵Ѿʱ
еĻĳλȭϣǺ֮㣬Ͻ顣
λ棬û½չǲ˽ôУĵʵûлü󳤽
ԺҲˣϴӮ˲ͷٶһأһ˭Ц󡣡һ󸹱ӵ̶˹Զʹк
ϰ壬ɱ°˭ʲô²Ǹѡ˸ֵ֧ȭҵ۹⣬˵ѧҽôȭ֣жģûжġһźڿ۾ˣϽ˹
ûע⣬Ĩ˰麹Թ֣ɲܰµ˵ȥӰ첻á
ҵĴҵĴ㿴죡ϰæҾϴŲЦ˵ΣҿǿѵӪĺɱ˹ҪһΡ
ԺԸţæС˵Żģ̣ȻϴĲڲ
ԺһѳϰȭߣЦһ˵ϰҵءϴСͻƾУͬΪAȭ֣ʤҲ޼ѡСҲռˡѡ˵˹һѡ˭ĪҪѡǸաʲôţҪѡ
ϰҲԸˣ۵ճҸӮ㶼Ը⡣˼ȭʦľӢȭʦһӽȭ뻯˵ȭһմӣްܼôΪһ䣿
УӮѡɣȻҲŲġԺмƲ졣
˵ô˵ճģѡпӮ
Ӯȥѡ
˳ֵľȭ¥ȥ
ΣأճܲӮǰ˻˼ƺճһ̷Ĵ۾Ůʵ
۾Ĵɨɨȥʱż⣬ȫѽεģǻãȫ
С磬ͰһɣոԺ˵𣿶ûԸճӮӦǴ򲻹Ǹɡȭݿ꣬һ浹ı֪췽ôģĶľҲҿ˵
͸ǻ۵ĹâԼıӣЩɻֵʦʱƼճѧ԰䣬ⲻʿ֪Ƕʮ㰡Ҫˣǻôȥ
ǰǰСͬ
Сз磬ͬͬѧξǸĦһճ
뿴кι֮÷СʦƼ


155 
ӵ뺯ǽɽѧ԰һͳ
ǽӵˣϾһλĶһˣУͬ⣬Ͳܲ˼
ѵĳĻ֮ȼա
ᣬ͵У̸˵ΪСʧλ顣Ѿһ࣬ӪѾҪʧȥٲһܾͲˡΪʲôճҪμʲôȭأǱ˴ôȥˣЩϧ
ֻǾÿϧȴûɷС۹⣺ȻճȥСţֻҽǿһҽȥ˴ⲻ𡣡
ճ죬ճܲӮñֻСܱܲȻ
ɫ꣬óǸСŵŮӸ鼫á
Ƿ磬˵СţȻȻ˵Σƽа취ˣҪȥȰȰճˡ
ҺεºܣôӣزʶôȰö
ôÿɽѧ԰еһ˭ܵסҪȥø˼ƣ
Ľ˵
ȥģ˷һ£Ц
ǻ˵һЩ̿ĻƵģ
˼ƲõģΪûбҪһ
һŸɫװͦñֱЦúˡ
⣬ôҲˣѧ԰ǲѧȭݹͲ½̵ץ⣬ǰһæʵ
͵ȭݣһͬѧǸˡ
ֵЦЦ˵㱻̵ץˣۼѧҲûɶҽɽѧ԰ֲǳűҵɼȥġճıҿȭ뷨ܴôҲܴġ
޵ĿһȻĹһ㣬ֻǵĴòЦݡ
ͬڳ䣬һңԶŵĸо
ȭ˵ǿǧЩ֪ӰˣǿҲ֣ճСûʲôսĴӡ˵һսճ治һ䣬ͬѧȥ˼ƣ˶㡣
̫ˣ˭˵Ҫ˼һˡˣôôѵճ𣿡һһŻĹʾû˼ơ
ȴˣҲʱ˼£ǧ°ҪȻЩ˻
Եõ˵Ҹ˵ճһսǸѵӪǱ˵ʱոѧȭǹ·硣ԭ˶Ӯģôţ
ôţ类Ļ˺ģ۾ʵ
ҲעĿϸ
ɹŮĺģ˵øˣͷƺһսһճƾűȶԷʵȻȳ֣öǴͷβûһУʹ˺޶ա
ĺŨˣ䣺ν㣬ǿȥɣҸλã뿴ճӽȭõжãεĶˣǧ䰡
˵Żȭ¥ȥ
ȭ¥¥CȭֱĳЩͬ
ֻռһС¥㣬ŸַϢңԼϰء
¥ûзĸָ䣬ֻǵΪأΪƽʱΪAȭֱãĳЩ
¥һȫͨܿһâ״ľ޴̨̨Χм䣬ɸĹڡ
߽ʱɫŸոպ¥ȴǵƹѩͬ硣
ȭûʼ˺ܶࡣ
Ȼһȭ¥ıȴһΡ
˴棬Ҳɵð̾
һʱעûڣڵ߲á
¥֮ڵͨ缫ãȻںܶ࣬ȴһҲ˾ñơ
һ򳡵ĸолŵݺϢ
ֱʰҶûڴ֮л㾰ɫ⹤̿ɲ򵥡羪˵
Ҳǵ˵ͷĿ˿ܣ˶ҵԼλãнþ
Ȼ˺ܶ࣬ȥȴһҲԵҡ
˰ԺںʵĿУܿзԱϲˮϹģȫǹܡ
λķִԵ̣ǿֱעҲԶϲȭִ͡ǵÿһ֧֣пȭֱӮȡʤлл֧֣
ԱеĽһͨ淨򣬾˳ȥ
ȻҲǵһ߲ȴҲԸ¶ӡ
ϴۿȭҲ˽һЩ̣ʱæòֺλͬѧ淨ԼͶעʽ
⣬˵Ҫ֧˭һͷˮ
Ϊ֮Уֻ֣ӦԼĿ


156 ˮ̼
ûȵشȴѾֿעˡ
ˣ
ΣͶճ򰡣û뵽ŲӮɫľʤ
ѵȥǸɱӮ𣿡ЦЦĿŷ˵һǹ͵˵ǻ˵ݣҶ֧ҪģһָܰСŴ֧֧˭
еְ֧ͷ
˵Ҳעճϣܶٶһ⡣
ǵϴλǸĶӴһģճҲӮʮԪҾ;ðɣҵǡϲѧȭջأ治ɫʮ򣬺˷ܵ˵
ʱעʱ䣬ȭֻû˶˭Ӯ߲ȭӿſա
ÿεʱ򣬾ͻһǧ𣬶ĵ
ȻԺϰһˣԶġ
˾ֵĿģټԼֵ֧ȭܻʤ˫㣬ʲôԱġ
ǫ̃̄бϷ̨һĳͬ
߰żŰܷ̫ʦΣź̺
طĿǶ˼ָݻ
طȻǹȭݸ߲õĽǶȹ۲쵽ǫ̃̄
ϣ֮λ
ۿȭͻһΪӵƿظоȻڲͬ
ȭʦ˾
ȵ룬жŲ豭˷粻Դϲƺδš
ͬһĬĴɽɽԣ
߾Ҷӡ
ǰȭݷֲȴѾûķ⣬ȻԼų
վӣϹϾ
ǿ׳С
ϣȴûСһλÿһ໥ע󱲵ڳվſ
ɽȴҲ⣬վϱһҫȥͨһ𣬷᲻Ը⡣
Ĳ෽Ҳһϯ͡
˵Ǳͣ˵ˡ
ж׳Ľܿƣǻ׵ͷβסеľ⡣
ܿͲǺֻܴʮ꣬ȴͷ˿
ⲻδ˥ϰȭʱ˼ˡ
Ϊͻƣڼ̵ʱ͸֧ǱȻͻ֮½˻øΪǿ
ǣͷʧȥȴҲָ
ԽܿҲ࣬ԺԼͷΪΪϧһеѫ¡
ܿΪѵӪƿһȭݵĸˣ˵λߣҲûܸƽƽ
ϵǣڽܿƵߣȴһˡ
һһˣǵ̰ƣµĲɣ
վһˮĽŮӣվõģƺȫûйͷһġ
Ավŵļ׳ȫĿҪ
ЩȻǸոAȭֵĿʨһȻAȭֻС
˹μսȻҲᵽ
ǳڹĦĿģǰ˽⾺֣Ƕܴⳡ
Щǫ̃̄һȭ֣κ˶׹ۿսҪԣÿһ֡
Ժϰֻһ浹Ϊ˹ȡʤǣеȴô򵥡
һʧܵĿܣû˻ġ
һСģƽ￴Ķַ̡
ŮӾǸ˹ĺɱơˮ֮һˮ̼
һΪ˸˹Ǹ̹Ī׳ơ
ɱϵͳںվȽŸȻܽƾ̹һˡ
ܿƽפѾã¸¸ڶ࣬ơ
ƾ̹һˣƵ
βǽˮȫǣĸһ쾫Ӣȫɱ¾ս
ȻҪռܿƸһϵȨȵһǰᣬǾǵ˹ȡʤ
һսˣɱϵͳҲʲôȨˣĴȥҲûʲô顣
̹٣ε˹ʤô綩սǲǼ˵㣿̼С˵
º񾲣У֪˾ΪǸɱ֣ΪǸС㡣
ǸƽһֻȶȥƵŮӡ
ֻ԰ѵĪײףŮȴǱȵ˹ҪΣա
˹ô׺ݲпᣬΪŹ磬ˡ
һеŬҲֻü˹Ϻӡ
£ٻмѭżҲᷢȱ֮ġ
Ŀ֮⣬޹˵ȣҲмȥɱ
ܵ˵һɱ֡
ˮ̼أȴһһŮˡ
ΪһС˷޵һ䣬ҲΪһֻ˵С̵ɱһС
ȫûеԣͬһ粻
û֪ĿʲôֻΪʲôɱˡ


157 Ѫ
ƽУˮ̼һӡ
Ƿķ裬Ǿʧķ衣
̼ʻĪЦ˵Ҳ׵˹ڹؼʱڣźܴأٹһͻǿһزĵ֣һкܴɹ
һһڲԶɫĮĽܿƣ̾ɱϵﶼ˴ܻѵνܿƶӱǵ赶ɱˣôԲȥգ
Ī׵ƣ·ƬĦֱƤ񣬿Ǳ̼ȴûа㷴ӦɫȻС
Ҳûٶ죬ֻǲϸϸ
Īһº˼˵ꡣ
ԭֻǺܶǰһ֮Уһ˺ᣬ˲޸ˡ
Ȼº󾭹ӵһǸĵҲ̴ֲ൱ȴǸļ䣬ôҲָˡ
ȥӡŮѾĪ׵ļеȥ˺ۼѾ벻˵ģˡ
Ҳ֪᲻Ҹ
ΪļˣӦòãڵ˭֪أ
ÿһȷѪ֮߹һΣ˹ġ
ҪһȻͱ·
Īһ㡣
ҲӶ֣鱨ӣѵӪκһ˶Ҫ˽ճ
˹ڽճͬڽ˫ϣսսû˵ճڶǰһDȭʸ񶼴ﲻСС¹ȥȭʦһԱٶȣ˭ҸȽ˹С
ܿϼ޻ñˣʵԱ£˹żƣʱܴճԶҲӮĪϸϸķһ˫ʵԱȣ䷳С˵
Ů˿˵ԺɱȡʲôɾͣϾͿˡ
Īһ룬ű̼гһ˹һɨһУʱɱһϵĴˡ
û˱̹ٸ˽⡮ˮΡ֮
ȭʦѵӪһϵĶԹѾãҲûཻ̫ԡ
µĶעѾ£˫һӮʱȻ˵
ڵע棬ϯȴԵЩ塣


ͬʱܶȻ޴񷶥һѩİ׹бб£мǫ֮̃̄ϣǶĿ
ܿȴٻɫ͵ƹ⣬ӳյһƬơ
ֹǫ̃̄Χ״һȦָء
ǫ̃̄ǫ̃̄£ޡ
ƹиĿջɳѪ
ѩ׹ҰâʱζмҪѪ
˻ȲʣҲ˻Ѫ޹飬ʹ顣
һŰ׳ᣬֺɫβڸ̨ϡ
˫ִŰףһḷ̌Ϸֽʣһͨӡࡣ
һӰҲӺڰ̨
˹ţɫƣҲŻƣͷϰźɫɼβ
Žһ̨Զȳѩƹҫ£ϼǵĽ
˾Ǵ˵ϳѵӪƾӢսʿųơƽδһܣó죬ֹĪ⣬ʵ벻ʲôܴķ
Ļʾǵ˹AȭСս¼Ӱ
ֻ˹һԲֵȻȻϰӺ굽ǰ־׽סС˫ȣһŸ
ͬһʱ䣬ͰСˤһݣֱɳȥ
һžһѿƤⷭתĻ
ץס˹ĸ첲ȴ֧첲ͻȻƤߣƷ֮ס˻ĲӣֱӰôڵء
ⳡ̨µĹȫȲʣϸߺȣעע򡣡
Ļ滹û꣬ž͵һƵ棬˹ðѪնףﳤȥ
پɱ뾯췽绢Ⱥҡ
ϵĻԱѾҪˡ
˹ôǿı֣˵ĸҪ࣬Ļץסᣬһʡ
ע˸һ˸߹һˣȫͣ
˹˫ָ߾٣ΧڵĲ
֮սǰսAȭ֣ϧ¶죬ͼӲĵƣΪ˴ƣΪɱһϵפǵ¸
һսҪʤҪʤƯ
Ī׽̹ٿ˵ˣһսӮͽԷԼļ磬ȥǵӡ
ٲûû˵Ҳʱɡ
õһЩͻʧȥһЩ
СʱΪÿܳԱӾһУ˲ŷиණֵԼ׷Ѱ
ɣԶÿһɱĶ
񷶥ѩ׹â˹ƺ˲ԭСӡɽҰ
ͲһĴ־ˣҪҲֻǼ򵥵ҸһУÿֵѪ͡
ϣڽ


158 չ
˹߾˫֣վ̨ϡ
ŵɫļ£һ־ضļԡ
Ķ֣ѧｿĻ䣬Ҳ֪ճһսôˡ
һҪԵ˹ˡ
һ˹
ֻҪӰУʮӵȫѪأԳɱݣûա
˵ȭҲ˵̫ǿˡ
ˣСˣʦòҵһ˵ܾˡһΣûʼҪǫ̃̄ϣСáɥü۵İ̾
ԭ˹ǰʱѪħƵ꾪ҰҲֱʣһΪͬءС˵˿ȭʦ䶼κβ˵ɱ֡ûעճʱĵȻţʱҲʼˡ
ɽѧ԰кǽ޵Ľɽѧ԰ҲŲСʵ˿ɵʦǺʵսһʦֽ
ԹʦͽȻߣȴҲ֪ԼǴ򲻹ǸСӵģλʸҲ˼ҡ
ó̾ôҲǸ
κβ˹ôˣЩףΪʲôҪ
Ϣܹ㣬ΪŮһЩͷ۵üģЦ˵С磬ֻҪѽ˵ʦһˣҲµûǾһȼȭʦ
ǰΰ˵벽ʦһ϶û˹ǲһ𰡡ճʮɣ㻹Сιִֶⲻ𣿡֪ʱΪʲôǰſڣǸԺϰԸճӮ
ҪҪ㻹עɣ㲻ճӮˣҲġһգһСѵ
ôܣֻڵճİΣˣҪټע˹ȻճӮ⹷Ƣһ˵ֱ챬ˣԼȷʵ˹Ӯͷ
ֿſעʮճϣǼ㣬ǴȻȴĵһ¡
µעܴˮƯ
һЦҲ¾עһǧ˵Ȼճ氮Ǯ࣬עһǧԪ֧һˡ
һˣ˵֪һЦѶճĵѹȥ
û֮ǰֻʮ֮һʤҲûҪʧȥĲǡ
ֻ˵¶пܡ
ճһҪͦСõȣǧ÷Сʦ˷һƼ

ճȴ̨֪ϻ֧ķ˿Ҳ׵˹ѾƽУɱ־
֪мĹϯϼУԼȭֵӶȫעһս˽ʵ
Ե˹
һսӮˣͻΪǵˣҲ׵õĹעԺԸĿܾǺĸˣٲ֪С֮鷳
һֱճϢźȭΪҵڣ෽ͻԶ֪Ҳ֪Ϯ顣
Ǹ֣ҵҲ̫ģֶ֣ٻ޹֮֡ǹҵҵͷϣȴҲ¡򲻹ҲǼˣûʲô˵ġճЩڴ
ȵںһĶֵϣСҲϿԺˡ
ֻҪ̫ѶԸĵˣҲûʲô˸Ҳ۵ٻճӡ
Ѿˡ
ճ׼̨ĿЩӣҲЩء
˹ѡȭǰ챬ĵƣʵڲöԸҲû˵
֪ʱҲ˵ʲô־Լ硱Ļֻܰ˵Ļĵס
ǰµͷճϵĽ׳Ҹ˵ճԴǴɽһ֮Ҿ֪ȭʵսѾҡ˹ȷҲûаӮʤ
̧ͷĶճصʵӮģ𣿡
ճصüĵǣЩж
Ů˴йֲҪĸǵʱԻʦ̴ҲӲžӣ粽ãü
ԱѪüë䡣
ʲôʱô
ճһЦüţ̬ſ˵˹ʲôĵȫ¶ˣ뵽ԸķӡİɣֻҪʦûҪҵ㲻ңѵš羢͸֡𣿡
⻰˵ļΪȥһ֪ߵغĶ壬ճһ򰲾ƽ͵ģȻͬ
±áꡱЦľͺãĵȫɣһսҲˣûҪšҾĿԴչ


159 ʦ
´µĽСŮ±ӢŮӣճһЦ
ȻſԸֻǿЦ¿Ķѡ
еĳһɨգճ˶˿ĳ䣬˫һͻ̨
ĵ߳ӰεǼΪճһ𣬸Ͳǰ
ճһۣʦȣ൹Ǽãɻ
Ǵ̨Ŵѵô
һ£ӻȻ򣺡һΪװƣԴƯ˹ͷȻһѵ۵ġ
˭˵ܵʱˣǾǴܵķװһû˵
ǣôѣô
ʱڵʦܻٴôϰģʲô·Ҫʲôȭ֣ճȭʺϵģʵֳۣ㿴֪ˡصЦ˵
̨ճӻƵĵƹ׹⡣
һ׳ۣϹŵЦݣǴǫѷͬһŵ
ûɣȭ֣
Ҳܴȭ𣿲±ץס·
֪ĻΪݹװϷأһϾϿôȥϷ࣬
̨һƬڣ˶Ǽľϲ
˵˹ϲճǾ
˹ĳͷëϵĻƣ޲صׯϺͱʤ
ǰѶֵԴˣˡ
ճһųۣţȴǰǫ̃̄ѧã
ǵĳôģȴͬľʡ
ò˵ƽ￴ߵȭȭĳಲ̿㣬˶һĺء
йڴʱЩǹƺȭɱֵĸ񶷣ͳɸִɱ潻档
ճҪҲ˼ɣЩ˲Լԥ˹ʤһЩ
תһ룬ȻǶȭȻýǮϡ
ǮУ˭ǿ˭
ܼܲ˹ôǿ󣬻Դȵȥճʤ
˭ȥҲܸǮȥ
˹ĵƣ㿴йСмʤ㣿ˣһʮ׳վһһűͦᡣ
ǹ̾³ͽ̩
ճǫ̩̃̄һῪʵ
ճƺʲôͬ
˵֪˵˹ǿճӦӽȭգΪʲôôǿأ
ճУûܿһ˿ų
³³ΪҲϸģ̩ܿĶͬóЦʧˣյСӲһ䡣ֻΪ˹ѶԸȴ֪Сûеƣı˵׼ⷢ
̩Цһо׻ǡܡо仰СƺĲҲճнɡ
˵ӲţҵôΪҴСɽг󣬼˸ҰޣҲˡ˹׷ʱǿ˼֣ѾֵľȻճɴУȻĵ֮໥ӦΣղΣգԼס
³Դǣ˼̩ˡ
̨ͬΪΪеĵ˹ȻأǶ־Ͳ׶Ըܼ򵥡
̩Ҳ벻
ֻЩϴαճˤڵأӵ飬ﲻԸճǿ
ԸյСӴԼǧ
³ôҪ׷ɱ˹Ϊǧ
ɱĿ꣬ý˾һЦ
ֱǰһˡ

̨˾ǳߺţһλǣȭʦľӢȭʦճ
ճ˫ֱȭķһҾԶԶľͿ˹
ֽװǹŹ֣Ҳ¡أĸоһׯϡ
Ķ֣ɱ״̬Դܡ
ճﰵж˼־衣
ȭ֣־ͻƾնӼ
֪ԷʲôȴΪʤȫԸϧѪȻȻ
ճƽ˾ǵͶһЩȣճսȴΪͺֻ˵ǵ͵Ļˣز¶ײֱ֣ɱ
ĻĹӰȴǰճս˳ȭʵͨҲû̫֮
ܹѵ˹ɱִӰŵǰıȭ鷳ȻҲܴӸõճӰ
ȭʦΪƣȭҲţһȫƾ䷽氲š
ӰУճһ˫ɺһѾŤǵĲӣָɴ䣬ƽĮз


160 ˭ȵ
Ӱһ䣬͵һ䳡ڣ޴ġ䡯ֶĿȭŽ档
ȭХ˴һƬӰֱ۶̫壬ͻȻ䣬һһݣһȺ׵ľ˳ȥƿ͡
ɽȭʦһһˣ۷ȭʦ
ۼĹ˳ʱһƬ̾
ȻˣճӮˣôܣ˿Ҳ˹ıеô򡣡
һЩע˹ӮˣһЩǣûǰĿ顣
ЩСĹڣʱȴǸ˼Ȥ
һ浹ɱʵÿ
ƾеľŻʡ
ɽǴϵճӰһߵõɳȥѪ
ճıչҲûɱ
׷κٶȵͬʱȷǿ󹥻
Ӱţڿˣ
һΣ˷ܵȫȻ˼ͷǹĿ⡣
һɨǰĳƣָ˸ոעʱġ
ֻҪеôͺãΪУһѧӣǾԲϣԼҵͬˣ޻֮ıһȭִ
Ǹճʵ̫졣
޹ȭֻйء
ⲢӰճһͷ
һתһеĴϡ
ֻһºɫԲͫĹŹŮ׺ݵЮŮצɭɭ
һһȭףͺȻŮǰŮˣ׺ŮȴͻȻ𣬹顣
ɽţ
һ£ڳĹڿʼ̾ǹϯҲˡ
ú
ȻĻսʿںǣճö˶˵ôǵ˶أɱ֮˹Ҳⳡȭѵű
ܿһ˿ƶıҲ˱仯
ȭ£Īʣ˾Ǹǰ
ճñд֣ӡŶĵ˹Ҳͬľٴ룬ٿ˾ȥ
˾ŶԷߣԶ
խǫ̃̄ϣֻҪһ·磬ҲӲ
ƮƮأ˾ķǫ̃̄
ʼ
ոճڣ̨˵ͱˡ
˹˫ȵŵأĿֱǰ˫ȸ̧䣬ȵõϸְ졣
ɱֳɱֶΣȭֻΪʱѶֻɱȴû̫භĴ㡣
ޱȵţձȺڱԼǾĸףǾԴȪ
ֻҪд磬ͻ
ɱǰһжǹģǰ
˹׺ݣȴЦЦݺǿȣֻɢ
ǿҰĳȫס´һһʽ
˹ѵӪɱĵһ񲢲ɱˣǽһȭ񣬾õȭ
˶̶һ˸ʱ䣬ѧϰ׺ȭȻҲѧһиɣֱӿٵɱȭ
۳ȭǳȣÿһֹһжΪһɱ
˹ţеȭ׶Ϊ˻֣ɱ֡
ЩõĻУĹأֻΪ˸߱ǿ˵ͲҪ
ΪһǿߣΨһҲΨһҪľǽٽ
ֻҪȶԷʤ
ָ˵˹ѪħĴȡ֮
ҲΪִ򷨣˹һ꣬úȭȭֱ֮绢մѪȡ
ս˿ͻĵ˹ͬĶȫһŵĴ
ճɫƽˮŵ˹ͬ޸ľһȭţﰵͬʱȴҲû̫ྪš
³ֻҰȭѾʶˣһ޼᲻ݵĺҰ
˹Ϊ޵У潻ΣռϷ磬ȻҲȭ͡
ǣѵ
˵˫ͬѴ󵶣˫Ⱦ
ճ⵲£͸оֽžʹ鷢͡
ѱ˼ѹˡ
Ӳƴ֮£Щֵס˹ȭˡ
ءأ
˹ȭն糵֣֮£ֿͬ裬ǵƷ֮˾ġ
ճɽˢµһ۵οҰǳĬĳ֣жָ֮䷢ӰĴ졣
һȭ˰벽һһ
ģͱ˹Ƶǫ̃̄ͷ
ȷХ䣬ճ
ۼѾֱѱһɽ׺ۣѪ˿Ŀġ
첻ˣʸ˹űƴȥһֱԵסǣ˫ۻȱ
³һ֣˵
ͬΪǿ࣬˭ף˹ָֽǣڸ𵽵á
ԼܳסͲµ˲£ҲǺȭ
ȵľ˭ܳţ˭ȵ¡


161 
̩ûбֻ̬ȴظ
ճڵ˹ҵĹ֮±ִݣкǧ𣬻治òȥΪ롣
˹ռݰ˳ʤ㣬ɱѪΣվҪ䵽Լϡ
ͷɲߡ
̩Щ⣬ݺݵȭͷ޵ϲĵס
ɱʤ˼Ϊ˵ݻǹ̾
¿̨Ͻ棬ȭͷÿ֨֨죬ûע⵽ԼָѾġ
ճȫ·磬ǲѡ
ǰ¾ΪɱʵǿҲû뵽Էǿ˵ز
ҪճȭѾӵ΢İսͲκͱ˹ͣЪĹƴ塣
ϰʵӶٹָȴҲž޴ƣǾϰߵüǿ
ۣܲͬһ̨һ㣬ȭֹЪӦԼѡ
򴦳ҪˣճҲôǿҾ˵ȭСɻ̫࣬浶ʵǹ̨ϣǱȲǵѵѵӪܿƿ̨ϵսܺãƮƮ˵
˭ĵ⡣
Ҫȭʦײļơ
ҶﰵԹö˶˵ȥ˼ҶʲôԼ
ºˣճ˼ңȭʦֻɳһ
Ͳܴʤ㣬֡
ǲ½Ҳûϣˣ
Ҷ뵽ֻҰһЩ
ȭݺǷֲһְ˶ߣ˭Ӯʤ
ϧˣ֮κΡ
ճʮȭһʮȡо˹ĹֹЪֵǿȾȻûаȵʱҪǿһЩ
֪Լ˥ԭҲһΪֱۺȲײ̫࣬һЩˡ
֮£ͻöֵĹԽԽѶԸ
ȥУٴһᣬҵֽŶᱻۡ
ճֽܵŽ飬﷢ֲ
оͱ䣬䣬ͨ
ͻȻһײ˹ڣ˫ֽɹ©֣ÿְȭͬʱֻֻڶؿڡ
һʯ
ءȭһǳɣӽȭ˵ٷӵ쾡¡
һ˱仯
ǰ̨ϵ˹ȭŴճӦӲϾҲùս˴
⼸˵鶼ûˡǫ̈̄ճƴпݲݣƺһ̾ͻӭ֮֡
ǣճ;ȴʮ㣬ץչ˷
ãȭ
һĶҲסˣ˫۷Źⶢճ֡
һγܲܰϷͿĹˡ
ճ磬ָողڵ˹ǰһδָ΢ȭٻ
Ȼָȭȭһ
ȹ
һȣؾͻ֮£˹塰ءһˤס
ǫ̃̄һͷˤһͷݺݵڵϣѵһ
ã
ϯںȲʡ
ϧǣڳĳǼˣȴǳĬ
ͬճľһȭڡ
һΪ󲿷۹ⲻɫ˶˵˹ʤճռϷ磬ȻȲʡ
ϣճʤºˣȴĿˣʵƲֹ̫ۡ
һȭûʲôá
ճһʽȻһ֣һϻѾʤˡ
ȭ㣬ȵ˹Ȼǿ࣬ҲҪܶࡣ
ˣܵס˹ôУȻ֡
ǣǣ˹ˤڵأһȴ
ϥһб죬ͬһ˵ǰڵأȫ
ճҪʤ׷ľٶɱҡ֮С
˵ճһȭʲôսĻǾǵ˹ˡ
һѪ˿ǫ̃̄ƹ̫濴
˹ǿƣųƴһȭ
ǿǰ¼ȫףôһƣԵ˹˵ëë궼㲻ϡ
жʮ߿Ŵھӵ¿ս㱻иʮȭȭսҲжӰ졣
һȭ֧ճ˵õһ㰲οδʲôʵʵá
Ӧǵ˹ѹƣȻճһ򵹰ɡ
Щ뷨ǹϯϵĸҸҲΪ
̼ڵƣΪ˹ʤ𣿡Īûб飬ɳɤʵ
ĽܿƸĽ棬ֻκɱܷȡԤеĳɼ
ε˹ʤƯ֯ͻɡ
ĪΪŵ˹뿪ҲһֺõĲԡ
һ֯Ҫչ׳󣬾ܵǿѹեÿÿһԱŬ
˹Ϊ˻ɷӳǱܣΪ֯ºպչѫȻܹƴһгɾͣҲΪ±ˡ


162 ߲
ѵӪļѫƣ̼ͬʲôʵͳɼܻʲôĵλ
ÿһ˳ԱӦöбͷǺܺõ顣
˹ֿͶ־ҲͬУᵽ˴ʱǿ
ǫ̃̄ճĴȭ̼ȴǲм
ƲƲ˵˹ܣһȭѾĽࡣҿںȭʱʮ˳ȭжʮһȻܹʱȡ΢ƣȴϿ塣˵Цѧ֮󡣡
̼ԺΪ˹ɱ֣ȻҲԼĵơڵƵҲĺ͸һýͻ涨ʤ֡
˹Ѿóȭĸֵܹס
ֻŵ˹ĵޱȴûճ᲻ʲôơ
˶޷Ŵ󣬶ӱ˵ŵ㣬ⲻǱ̼˵ä㣬ϴֺγˡ

ĽĪ׺ͱ̼ϣҲ˸оͻȻǿˡ
Ϊճˡ
ճһǰжȡ
˹׺ݣܵҪָǰУճһ䣬ٶȾЩˡ
ӽȭأش֮£ճһ˲ʮȭһʮȣȫ˵˹ֽǶȡ
ӽ̷ȣȭ˫ȭȫΪһ壬˫˫ȿֻʣӰ
ֻ̨ϡءͬսİ˹ָֻ񵲡
ȭסͷ۾̫ҪסƾӲ
ģǵѪ
óճĹҲûôȭ©һȭжˣȻͻˡ
ճɫƽϺˮӿ֣Զ೤
ѵ˹ľ׮ˣ·ÿ峿ʱȭȡ
СΪˣǸˣҲһ̯ࡣ
̨ˣȫŵ˹ǵѪԽԽ࣬ճȭֱ֮ҲѪɭȻ
˴󣬾ȻԼȭͷҲˡ
ֵĹͷжӲ
Ҳ֪ճֽȭȱǵ˹ȳŲסƵ£
ҪӮҪӮˣճȭ籩꣬õ˹ֻܱأо죬ǰıһɨգתͷ˵ϴҼǱʱҲ龰ֻҪռϷ磬־ͺȻֻܱһߡ
ĮĿҲ¶âҲ
ɽѧ԰ǸܹŹֵѧ԰ѧǸֹ⡣
黭ͨԣ֮˽ʱãȻ޴롣
򵥶ԣѧ԰ĿľҪѧһȫš
˹ѧϰȻҪѧϰ似֮ǸҸɵĹ֮ء
ԣͷŮҲԼ֮˽⣬ͬиǲ۲۵С֡
Ϊ˽ȭԲŸǸǫ̃̄ϵͬˣԶԶǰһǿ

ճȭ֮ʱٲȻŵĳ۲Ϊ֮ʱ˼ͻȻ
˹ʱֻܿ۹ƮƮ裬صɱĵطغϡ
޿ɱܣ޿ɵ
תͷĿһۣкõԭãĻʵڲĳСɾϸ̵ľɱȭԳأָ˼ֹ죬ã
鼤޲ԼҲڳϣճȭƷ֮ǿȡ
ã˹ˡȴûôֹۡ
ߵˣͻῴʱơ
ͬһɣѹԽݣҲԽˡ

ƽ͵϶һЩأĲ豭þûзŵߡ
ϸĵ˻ᷢ޷Զ´ˣȻĽ
ͬڹֻ棬ϯλϵļ˶Ѿʤߡ
ܿƺĪ¶Ц⣬ϸĵˣȫܷճѾ
Ȼ֮䣬ǫ̃̄Ͼ˱仯
˹һֱмܵͻȻһ٣߰㲻Ť
ճϵȭһȣǴͿ͵ţƤһԻ
ĴȭҲˣҵֵ࣬ˡ˹סճһȭͻϮһƾٲһ㣬סճֱۡ
ȭ
̨¼˹ֵȫ˳ֱֻȫΪޣƺͷһճһֱֻ۲ġ
Ťţ˳ֱճӿ
Ǵϣ˹һߡ
õĽʲӡһƴܣˮʳ
˹֪ճٶ̫죬Ծ͸ɴضƴŰºݵģҲҪճж
ҷһۣ߹㻹ô򣿡˹ȵĺΣͷϵĽɫҲưŤѪʢֱ嶥š
ȫ֣׼ֱɱ


163 һ
ճˣ˹߽ɱӿģֻƴǣûԷӲ̩ųǫ̃̄˵ϴұнʲס·ͱˡҲ֪ѧзϲȷöԸ
³ĬȻĵ˵ͷųǸ𽥲ǵˣ¶ͬ顣
ճסӣֻܹ
˹ȴǷзŤţճȭŲǣƾȭһǰȹϣѪĿŤţȴǵ⡣
гʹ񾭵κιֻҪǵ޷ɱС
Ӯˣ˹š
ȥɣ
߰һʹճ󣬰ճ󷴽ʣֱһܾճĲҪ۸ᡣ
ˣ»վǰȫǽ־塣ãճʲô취
в豭硱һȴɷĩܿƹЦһŵ˹Ŀ⺱¶һ˿ɱ
ɱɱ
ֳ߳ɶڽкЩ˿ȭֻʤֻ̼
ǫ̃̄˫һŲʶֻһĴߴٵ˹ɱֻ֣֧ճľ
ƴҾ͵һ̡ճȺ֪ΣչͷȴûеĻң۾
ȭ⹥ҪķȫһҲ˵ֻһ֮ȵ¶ô֣ճﰵתڣ
ͷ¸Ϊᣬǿתһٰʮȡ
ֻһ죬ճǱұ۴Ӽͷ⴦ȫʶϣġ
һᡣ
úݣǶϱ
ǣתԷһۣʲôãո𲻽ͼճתһһȭ
һȭ̾뷢һȭʹ򵽵˹ദٶȿ쵽㡣
ǴȭǰôȭûƵ˹ķ´ûõġ
˹һ˿
ȫɱһȭôҲ޷㿪ˡ
ҲҪ㣬ԷֱѱʶһУôҲӲġ
һȭȻٲȥճͻɡ
˹룬Ҳ룬ȴճһȣȭͷͻȻǴ֣оƬɨӽзĽ⡣
ȭ滹ûе˹ţͼȭָ֮ƤѾ΢΢ݣγһӶ
ɽƺ޼᲻ߡ
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ճĿȣءһײ˵Ķߣ˵С
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ųȭһֵҲûţûܿӵȭľ衣
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164 Ŀ࿴
ճֻЩˣûвתƣͺðˡ
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һǺȥǰֲ˼µλãµĻȵؽеôǮҪٳ
Ľÿˮˡ
¼ֶһ̰ǮʱˣֻǷۣճһ¡
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Զԣǹ̾֯ãЧҲ죬ǮҪ͵ճСˣܻҪһӪѡ³ҲɵӣЦǺǵĵͷ˵
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ڹ̾֯÷ˮ𣬴ºܴĽɫʲô򵥻ɫһ
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Щţͷҿʦܿơ
ճһȭԭĳУΪ³һ
ûϵȻŪһ
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˵ʵӿ̫ϣ˹ǲ̫Զˣϧûи׽֣Ҳֻܷˡ
صЦЦ˵ճǻǷŸȭûȻȭͬѾȡȭʦչȭݵˣֻҪͱɡ
۾һʦ˼˵ճԼ͸֯ԩͿ


165 ջ
ܿԶ·һоƿУ˵СǾӣ޶ɷֻ֯һյġֻҪҩ֣ĺһŲᡣȭʦ鷳Ҳֻܸȥƴɽۻ
ԽԽ͸»ָģĿɭĿԶ뿪ճ˵úʱɣ֮ǽʱ䣬ʱһݴ񡣡

ܿܣʧûκʷģӴˡΪ˹ȥ̼³㻹𣿡Īվǫ̃̄ϣİѵ˹أԲ˫ۺϣʵ
̼Ȼôˮûа㲨º͵˸񣺡̹٣˹ֻΪǿڽ·ϣȱһֻ·һһĵġ
Ī׵˵ͷЦˡ
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һβֺȭݵļƻȫ𣬻ʧһԱ󽫣˶û̫ѹ
ɱϵͳѰǱˣԼΨвϱǿܸıˡ

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ƺճ˼°һ˵ΪͲϧԼ壬ƴһпɣϰߣ˵ͻ﷭ںӱߣܲʪЬܲƴǲҪƴĺá
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˵ǿа˵򲻹Ҳô취Ӯ䣡
ճˣʲô˵ˣ⵽Ǵǲƴǲƴ֪ôѡˡ
ڣ²ѡҲֻǿЦ
Ц֮䣬ءš
һװͷü⻬ʮӣʱЦ˽
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˴ȭӦûõķֳɸĿҫ˸ǹĴֺһԡ
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һǧ߰ʮ򣬾ôࣿ


166 װ˵
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οԼ𣿾ֳԳɹˡ


167 ټ
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˵ɫϴμ˺ܴͬ
Ʒĺ룬ͷҲụ̈ȻŻЩݣϵļ·ӯȥըԵ
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С꣬Ҳ´ΧһְȫȫƷһ̽һڽӵһжϵúܺá
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ˣһȥġճҲЦ
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168 䳾
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ԣºһֻ֪Ӳ֪ĵҸõһЩ֪Լ档
ֵʽһʵȴͬ
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ñøЩɣֻҪǲ֪ķˮʿϮ͹ܽȥá


169 ؼҳ
ճڷʶ
һεȭóһȭѵ˹оˣԾȭ÷̫ª
ƾߴ2.2ľʵȫҪһȭͰȫȥ
Ȼܴ󣬵һȭԼȴҲʧȥٴιʵ̫Σա
ȷӦԾΪںÿһιУÿһõľ࣬ڴʱظܽг־ս
ںȭ֮Уÿһȭ϶⹥ٻճ֮У֮󣬻Ӯһͻơ
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ξʮ꣬Сսʱʱ̶̿ѵɱУ˼Ҳޱȴֻһ뷨ǾǱɱֹꡣ
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ȭֻɱУϸȻԸһЩĶ֣Ҳͻƻȭ棬ȴǰ棬ֵճ
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ܿ죬˴ļ׳һ׺ĺ˳ػ˸񣬾͸ſȥؼլ
үж᲻ִ̫ˣȶû걸ļƻҲûʮհ˵
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ָķȴʲôȥտܿһɫʯһƬ顣
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171 ɰ
ӹһʯǰ棬૵ˣóˣض˰ɣҶյǮȥʡ
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172 ǰл
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173 Σʱ
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174 ׷
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ϼͷҲˣʱſڵºӣں־ˡ
СѩҲǹݣ۾ˣβεúûǸ⡣
κ˹ҲӴ˹
һҽӦ
ճȻκǡ
ǣԹԼСõļˣûôȣǲܺĵȥơ
㼸˵üͷҲϰ㡣
ճһĻشЩĵ˵ͷСè׷ȥ֪ܸûС
תоָֻˣɫ𾪡
ΪļǵԼ˴ˣѾҪˣôõأ˿ճʵ硭
ճ֪ʲô˸ɫֹ˺Ҫ˵Ļ
ż죬ô˵
һϵǲҲ֪ճ飬ľȴ֪
飬ճŪǷ꣬Щ˲µˣҲȥ˵̫ףֻǸ˵Ժ˵ȸӳһµҿСٳ£һ
˵ţճתͷ˵ӳһݽɽˣϴιǸˮ󷨵ˣȥȥܷץ
Ҹһȥһ˵
ˣҽų̱ȽϿ죬ϵġϢɣɱǹճİΣͽһں󷽴飬׷вɱ黹ǲҪһˡ
һʵϾҪ࣬ʵҲֻǸӲࡣ
˵һֻӤǵϣճҲøһ³
ƷҪһճǲᷴԡ
ΪƷʵʵǿϵѪɷǹ⣬ԸֵֶֹҲǺЧ
С͸ӳǴһ飬ܣȥȥ
ţĨ飬ͷӦ
ճҴҽ䣬һС
һ촽˶Ȱȴճת׷֣û˵
֪ճʵҲ»Σա
Ǽ˿ʳ˭ʹȥҽԺһȵ
һۣһˮƺ̫áȥҽԺҲûٸҶ˵ָֻȥѶ
ܲ˻ǲˣʱܴŭӳʳϢҪ
ճĬĬӦСèķλϡľͬ׷裬ľ϶УٶԽԽ졣
ﰵ̾СèĻ飬ʵУҲȥսڸȴüá
ýϵճֱҵµص㣬ž˵ʱ׺ϵ˵١
˸öͨȷʡճܶ


175 
СèƽСѩһ棬Ҫ۸ҲǼ
Сѩ׽ȥҲܽ
ٻСҲСӣֻҪǣңͻ
СèȻҲˡ
ļ֮£׷ýһ㡣
СƣСèľ֮ԾǰУ֪֮Խ׷Խ
Ҳͷ쿴
ǣСèжȴѱˡ
ԭֻСӤ
Сèֻ׷ȴӤһߣµһź֡
Ҫ˵ȴҲ̸ϣÿһζźС
ƣȴҸճƴϧý
ߵ·壬»ˡ
׷һСϪתһСɽ£СèͿ
ϵЦͻȻûǷǰѾ˱仯
ǰһɺͻȻСèֻ࣬Ҳܲ
СӤҲ˳ŵѪССè̹ĮпᣬѪĹâ
СèһҪתܣȴƺסתѣСֱֱϡ
Ӥü죬˶ܡ
ӸոմСèϣͼͷ΢һȻӾ̲ȥ
Сè屻ײ÷𣬺ݺײϵëƮɡ
ȻûɱèйŹ֣죬ӤǰȴԶҶݲ졣
һĵúÿ죬Ҳͣתӡ
طͲõһˮɱоۼɷСô
ҪԸճȴҲ롣
Ǵڼ԰͹˾ǰԶԶĿһۣܷճ˼ɵĶ
ûв󷨵棬ԼͲǶֻ֣·һ
ԣҲֻӡ
ֻҪҰƳһֻ׻꣬ʱֵСˡ
˿лСѩֿһЦתɽ£Զˡ

ճСϪϷֵСè
ϵƯëѱܶ࣬Ū࣬۾ˮģƺʹðûع
ճӰСèίĿճǻֻСں͵ϮϵˡԲû׷Сѩ㡣
ճһۣæȥһѱοģû¾ͺãܲģһҵ˵ץСѩǰһֻӤָǴ⣬СѩΪãʱӦòд⡣
ճοСèô𣬲ŷ
Сè㻹ҵõ˵ټܲٸ
СèµǰţȵתһɽС·ͣ
ճҲǻˣ֪·ߣղŵ̫ãСѩϵζѾ紵õˣҲǱ˲Сèѹ˵
Һۼ
ճ˳·ߣȴûʲôĵط˶ڷٷҲʶ
ճϾרҵʿ·ϵ˿켣У㿴ҲǾպۼºۡ
⼸ʣС·ϵӲ߹ȥҲ½ӡ
ֻñ취һ·ߵס
һᣬȴС·ȻͨɽµĹ
·ľͷֵܼӡ
ˣ˻׼˺·Ӧǿ뿪ճյһ·ߵĲҶ޺˵
׷Сѩô족СèҲѹ
ճüĽңңĿͷź⣬˵ӵߣҲҪҳǸš
ó绰ͨһʵӳϮӵˣƺ׷׼ַʽȥ

ŵǸ̽ºǶǵĴӪȥӦ֪Ϯߵĵϸ
Ҫһæ𣿡
ã̷ֳ˵һҶ¾У⣬ؼҵңõġ

һһᣬճ˵ʲô˼ﶯɱ׼һ
׷Ĺлᶯɱˣﱨһ׼ôɡ
ºรɣ´ΰµôʶˣ㻹´εĻһﰵ

СѩǧҪ°ţػ߶ĵϢﵣǵҪ
̫ԼʲôˣֻϣץǸ˾ȻСѩ
ԶĴѪſڵϣһļ㡣
ƾôʻһԲ
ƺǴⱣˡ
ʵ˭ָʹܵģǻܸȡ㱳𡣡
ȡȿȣ˵ˣǼǼС·棬ʱˣû˭ָʹ
ǵɵŮѧǾȻʶ飬ҵĿ̶֣ʱ𣿱Ʊˣʵɡ
һһᣬȥǷϻȫ𲻵ãЩͷˡ
Ҳ˴޵ĳЦ


176 ˭
һһŭǰճʹԼܲڳĺ֣
ȷЩˡ
ô£Ҫʲһװ죬ôȥճ
뵽ҧҧĺ
˹ȥĿŴ˵ϵ㣬ǳֵܻĴϴǲΪҧɿڣǾû취Ǳץȥ֣һʱҲ˰ȳ
бһһۣһΣ޵ĳˣԵļЦ㶼֪˻ʣбһֱȥСŮȥֵܼ㻹ôţ
ãȻǵϴĽɫ˵ͦˮƽйϵǰɣСŮȥͣˡ
һҲˣ̧ǰ׵һźݺݵڴǰʮ־޴
춼ꡱ죬ȻͼѪ磬̱ڵϡ
ӳ
´󺧣æסһҪ֡
ǰܾˣһȭ󣬱ͷѾۣܵ˺
ٱһһŵǰΪûжֱӵŶ˼߹ǣѪ
һºݵģôûȫûӦʹЩŤ
ҲǼΪţӳĪǷˣŹԱ鶼óǱ֪Ҳˡ
һЦһ˵֮˵Ҳ˵˵Ҳ˵;иӽ֣ˣһʱ̲ȥҽԺƣ¾;Ȳˡ
ѪܵزľʹоҲԣȥ
Щַŭúݣ
ûݣϴСŮҲ֡һƲƲ졣
Ǿ죬ͲΥ𣿡Ŭ磬ԼԼĻˡ
죿ҵȻǵԼݣǺҪǳͶȴҪΪ˺ΥɣҾֵ
Ϲ˭᣿
һսɱ꣬ɲĴȻҪʳܵĻʹ;־ҡ
Щˣľеıո˵ĻǿЦ
ԼӲѹܲĺпܻᱻʱ䣬
ԶҲû¼˭˵һִˣΪƹӷأ
µļ𣿾˵ȥˣ˭ţ
һΣĲ
ǺؼңҰǺؼҴٺػµ˵Զ취̳ĺΪճԵʣйϵ̺ͱ·ȫϾԣ뵽飬ЭڱҪ¿Աճ
ȻҪ˵³Ѫ֮󣬾һµ˵˳ʮ
Ѻػóֵǰȫһ
ػ˺ȥĸطϣ
ھ·ĺؼլԼ˰ȥٸճ档
һ˵ͷҲˣֻóֻ´ϵͻӣȥ·ؼլҪֹԱݡ
תͷʵľ죺ЩȥҽԺƣ¼ÿڹѰ
ǣ
һ˿ң㱻ʵ飬Ժûǰ;ԣпڼʮ꣬Ǳסˡ
ţû˻

ճҵԼҲûֱͣӾƹͬ
ˮϽ־ھ԰һֵĺ󷽲ԶԻ񶺹ȴȥģԭϵķ̫á
ճ˵ﲻסլƫϾɣûо԰ֵķ
ңΪ⣬泤ۼһЩײɳоӣٷҲ١
СϢ˵Ϊ˱һƽ⡣
ֻҪĴڣա
ôһЩˣС͵СɹƭץһŽ
ץˣֻЩ˴תΪ£
ΪЩܵңһССĽڡ
һ𣬻Լ£㷸Ҳ󲻵ȥϾҲŹڡ
ٷֻҪǰһͻܲ
˵˳ο֮Ҳ֪ٷĵߣһҲֻǴ
ȻҲֻСϢѡ
ʵǲˣճͲ֪ˡ
һԿ϶ǣˮϽլӣطĸ֡ˡ
پ԰ֵࡰŶǳȻҲһЩڸɻġӡǣȥ
ԣҲһЩ۹ڵĿˣȥˮԻ
Ȼʱ䶼ƭϵҲѰ
岻ײ֪ò˵Ķͦˡ


177 ֻ
ճϽֲǲԷֽɰ֮ĵҲûжȤ
˳԰֣߹СŵĴ¥˹ȥˮ֡
ŵľζζ̫ܵᷳǴӲȾƵҲš
Ǿƹͬ
ˮֵľͷ˵źõľľơ
ǰżҾƷܴʱھӪƣƷرգһЩ˼ұ˽Ƶϰס
оûƣײ׵ճ⣬ֻںܲҵº
˵ºͶڽβһͤͤǵԱߵĺԺ
ˮֹȥǺԶ͵ɽɽһˮСӻƶ
˵й滮һ֣˵һűɽĺԺȺԷγ˽ֵģзݵʽΪơ
ûƷȷϢճҵҲһҵԷס
УǰĽдС֮⣬ûʲôͬ
ȴô鷳ճֱֱǶլȥ
һ˵ºǺǵĵͷߣ̽Ϣһ֣һССн⣬ں
Ǹ͵Ϯˣһȴûаӡ
ҲʹһЩϾ죬ûмˣˣǲá
ôˣһԺǲǺϤˣôÿζǡô͵Ϯ֡
Ҫô㣬Ҫô˰ṩ鱨
ºּΪṩ鱨춢ճٵľº̽ӡ
ճǸʵʲô
޵ľṩ鱨º
ûеͷߵĶƾ˵һˮƫŶɷƣĸ鷳
ֻҪճסмӶûӵ³
ҲճһֱûôϵԵʡ
һֻʱϣû˻̫ġ
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ܲÿ춼Сõ߶ȥһѧѣԼ
켣ԼȭǮЩȫû̫غ֮
ճôţʲôʱһ֣ѶԷɵС
ε˾һܺõϣˡ
û뵽ǣˣϢҲ÷зˣ˺ºȻܿ˹ճˣǰĿ궨տϡ
ٵˣһҲݲٵȣûĴ߻̫ˡºȷʵճŲԶլӣĿġ
СèҲǺߵ˵ճץˣҵСѩ𣿡
һܵģºǸ˵۾дա
ǿȥŸʲôСèճȲˡ
ճԸȥ·һȺ˵סˡ
ǰһСڳ֣˵Źشʣվԭز֡
˶ЦǺǵĿţǮȴûСȼһԪֵܿСⲢ̫á
ʮ죬Ա߳ɡôӯӯإĸԱ죬¥ĸߣ궼Ρ
Сʮһģģϵ·ҲŲҲһﲻͣһڽȺȥ
Ȼ֣Ķá
ճ߶ĽŲҲСҲǹƴˡ
˵䣬úáһЦĶ㿪Сӣûа㲻˼
һǸһɣӶݵƤˡƤġ
𰡣ǮడСӽѸҪŵ죬ˮֻ죬ϰһڿ죬׼ʱ׼㡣˼ǵһϰأΪ֪Ȱ衣
ճֱ̾ʶˣҲҪоƬɨ裬ƾǿľͷһЩȤĶ
СﳪţһֻŸ˰һֻͲ
ϴֺõЦݣƤ˵ŻлŽģǹؼĲ֪ĵֻ֡
ճͣסŲԭСĿǰѾõֻǮˡ
һֻӵģ˵㡣
һǸͷˣСһѣйӴ
һ
֪ˣҵ棬һ˫۾ġ
Сͺűӣתȥ
ƺܲ˶Էϲϴǹζ
ô˿ţȻȫûСô֣ô͵˵Ǯ
ֿù԰
˴Ҫŵʲôʱ磬۲ֵֻˣ
ճҡҡͷͲ׼ܡ
ˣС͵ȫ˵ģмĿС͵Ǯȴֻﶼֻı顣
⻹ǸŻճ
ճ㲻ҼǵһһǾ졣ץС͵ǿĹСèʵҲˡ


178 һ
Сèƽڼҵʱӿö࣬ȻҲƬС͵Ƕģ
ϲľǸһЩ彲ĴѴѧУʦѧһȫ
ʱճ޶ԣСèˣ̲ס˳

ճЩûش
ץС͵ȻӦãĿǰȴû̫ʱ˷ѣС͵ǱˣԱ߻һЩ֣ץ˼ȵʱ䣬ֵø˲в塣
ԼҪȥҵº͵ϮˣҵСѩȴûҪ֦
ϾֻǱ⣬ʱ͵͵Ҳ޿ɺǡ
СèҪȥץˣֳС͵Ժ֪ͨһץɣûʱ䡣
ţ죬ǾСѩ㣬ˡСèճ˵ȥץˣʲôС͵Сȫˡ
ճסȥ·ļˣ¼ӿ죬׼ȥǶլӡ
׷Ǹˣ̾˵أжʮֿ١ºӦûûõϢߣб١
û߼СʹǰճǸףҲһͰ˹
ӶڽڸߣٷƽСţһֻֿ˿̫壬Ͳ͸˰֮䣬̽־ճĻ
ÿ֣רҵܺðճﵭ˵һ䣬סֻոǮ֡
ӽȭƣɣСַҪʤճһ㣬ۼپ׼ȴҲ׷ˡ
ճָεļסСô˦˦ȥ
ӴӴ
С͵ļ䣬ƺ۵
ʵأճûôڶԷСķϣ˼̫
ճ㶪˰ɣ㲻ץС͵С͵ˡ;֣˼ȥСèڼϺֺǣСҲ̫̰ˣջǮ˻֪㣬Ҫ͵ûŲ²
ιСӣô˰
ôСĺҲµ֣ǲˣ
СѾܿˣؽΪÿԱӶѣ㾹Ȼȥ۸¹ޣȫûаͬĵġ
Сļ޽УȺＸ˴ָ
ܶҲ壬ȫָճıţƺճʮĴ¡
ճЦһܿôСÿ͵ܶǮúأ
˵Ѫˣ
ǺǣСС͵Ϊˣķˡˣ㻹ǶȥɣѧԺûǰ;ġ˵ǸǶǮ
ʱûа㱻͵ԾȻĽճ
أСèÿģһûվȣµء
Щ˼濴˿˳ճĿȣ¾ļ
߲ˣ
ôָճƢãҲ̲ס
ЩС͵ָֻͬһֶΣҲ޿ɺǡ
λ
㱻͵ǮС͵˵ָץС͵ˣǷǺڰȫߵˡ
ܰǻԽԽ࣬ճҲͷˣһ˵ã˵С͵Ǿ۾ơ
ճץסСֻһͰ˷Ҳڿз˰
ճǴųЦΧˣٿֳȥ׽סзСҽţ˦˦
žžˡ
ӣͲȫڵϣ죬Сûסеĵߡ
ЩߵȻмǮһֻɫɫӣһֻţƤһֻۺɫǮ
Ŷ䣬ȺͻȻһеָȫǱں
ǣ
ҵǮɱǧģҸŮҩβǮ㾹ȻҲ͵Ǵʨһ
ҵģСһǸ͵ʲôʱ͵ߵҾȻ֪ҲǺܾȣתۼͲȻŭ
ӿϵĺɫǮɫˢĴ䣬ǰһѾץ𣬵˵࣬͸С壬СģС͵͵Ǯˣ
СС;ͲѧãǸ͵⻹ˡ
ճСڵϣǴǺż˸Χ˵ƿԣҡҡͷƿȺ˳ȥ
ҲûȥСЩԹ۾Ⱥмɫˡ
һˮ֣治ץС͵ģմôģǣС͵ȻԼУҲֻ˳ֽҴ
ǽ깬ǷǮŵþִҲˡ
죬ȥү֪˵ˮһҳӵģ˳Ѿˡ
ȵȣټһ䣬˵ˣеүյģпǳšϸˣ׼ɱˡ
ţүƽЩ˺ܺã㵽լܻ徻ҲûסȻԲȥүӡ


179 Ѱ
ճһ¶棬ոնֲӣϢѾֵǰǰ
ڽβԵǼլڣºҲõϢ
ɫ䣬Ҳ˲÷һˣҴҵܹãתһ侫᷿һͷ͹ȥʦ塢磬һҪȾҰճˡ
ʦһ׷ͯգ༫õͷһɷǡ
ʱţϵľ´ɱһڡ
ʲôʲô㶼㵽ǰ˴ŵһÿڣ鷳ȥôЩ꣬ûǶ٣ȴԽԽСˡ
ºæ˲һȭʦӽˣǰȭݴܵ˹һȭĵճ

ͷһƱ㵹ϡ
׳ĻӻҲˢһվѾһ٣ֱð˵ʲô˲ǣôƫƫѡŸǰЩҼطã;Щԣô㶼˵һΪֻһСءգճɱ϶ǰɣⲻǺ𣿡
ºͷڵϣؽе磬ҾһʱӴ⣬ӵ¼ĵԺݶõǡ
ȥճ
һŭӵϸľˢˢ졣
¼ҵûӵʲôµģǲ֪ӽȭһֵǿճȭĺ֣ôʹ֪ôأɫŵºһſڵϲ
׷ͷе̾һʵ㵽ôµģֲڶԸճ𣿡
ͷʦǾŴһռ֮ó
ҲûʲôرİãϲߵҲǻصˮַ÷ѣԳԺȺȣϻһ¹ȥ
һȻǽǰĳƺţһֱ񣬾ΪЩһ֧š
˴ǰÿҲʵֻҪ˻δЩغʹоԶ˵С
ºȥȻԲܰͰˡ
ʦ˵ҲͷӻҪ
º¶һ˿ϲ⣬߶µİѼμճסլ͸¶Ϣ˵ˡ
˵赭дɫһЩʵֻǴһϢճ˵ûԶ棿
ûУҽӵһûع¾Ͷÿڣ֪ճôҵҵŵصģ
ͷͷϰ׷˶ָôţˡüͷţͻȻ̧ͷʵΪô¾㴫Ϣµôµģ
ºɫһ䣬ͷо䶢Լڻû֨֨˵ϴϮճ飬쾪ߣûе֣˵ֻǴһֻһΣǽϣźؼҴٰʱͻȻϮΣҾͲ֪ˣжʱҾˡ
磡
ͷ裬ŭɶһϣŭǽ˴ȻѾ˥䣬Ҳڵ¾ĵز˵ĵ㲻㾹Ȼ˼ҶԸճļСҪô㣿
ǣûڰֻṩϢ
仰ճȥͰɣһ
ʦ壬磬ǾͿҹȥĸ׷ϣһΰɣºĻˡ
ճϢɲȭһ㡣
֪ճÿúأ˭붯ָ£úݵʱ顣
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ճҲ϶ðһǻŭԼϣǰ˲ξˡ
ºһ桰顱ߵͷһԼȥϸװ˳
ȻºĻʦɫһЩƺһЩ¡
ʦŰ׺ʹϧĿº㸸ƣš֮һǸĳܹݵ˲֪Űش弸µĲС˽ԵڹĹǳͶʬɷܻܻ֮꣬ڡ
ʦЩ꣬л˼ӵˣȴԼ˽ȥ֪ˮ˵ǿʵҲֻСѣһڽҪ
º鸴ӣСʱಡмζ㲡¾εҲͲˡȻᵣ£һΣ֣ɱֲܡ
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180 
ʦ¸أ׼˿¶޲˳ΪŰɡ
棬Ȼܵõ˵İ
أΪ磬ȴΪеڶΪ֮רʥض
ˣ˶磬ʵǵģʵӦýлĸ硣
һÿڵһԱ󽫣ˮֵľ֧
Ϊڴˮֲûбռȥ˴ŵĲڴʱۻᡣ
ŸɣԼţԼ֡
ܶʱƾĸʷԨԴʵ
ޱȣʵΪǿ
һʱû֣ͻᱻֽŷ
д˵֮Ѿ̫ƽʱŷɥʯ￪ַɡ
ʯ￪ʱﵽƷ׶ΣƷȣһʦеٮٮߡ
أƷ۷壬ոտӵƷż
Ҳ˵֮Ѿӵż
֮Ϊصԭʩ߲ʹǹ룬ܴħ塣
սɱͬ׶εĹ֣ҪѶԸһЩ
ҲºظҪԭ
ʦʦƾ絶쵲סճ滹һս󺷽ء
˺һȫճķ淢𹥻ֻ顣
ճҪƣӵϴһǲеġ
˵͵ÿ磬ްҲ粻ʦ
ͷǶϽһܰ˵
οˮΪһЩʷԭ򣬼⣬û˻˶Ըһá
ǻ۵ǴҾͿϴϴ˯ˣšŰɡڳȫҪġ
һԲĴһɽ
֮ǹ룬
ټض˶ƥ
οÿڻ˰֣ǿô룬ճپв
ºţְŲ֪ûУ
˳ʵ̫Ūûû£ץסճҲðˮ¡

ճС͵ҲǼ͵Ǯ˻СôǴһͽ֣Щ鶼޹ˡ
ڶԷСԼҲ۾಻ɳӵˣҪҲ͵û
Сȴ͵ϣ׽סʹ֣ճ²̨ҲͲòҴ
ǰլӾҪˣճҲͲżУϸϸ۲Žÿһ˵٣ºǲǻ롣
ҲǺܵġ
һϢ֪º˶Ծƹͬˮֵÿڿʮ㣬ʲôطȲϴ˵ذȫ֪ճɱҲǲӵġ
ճլȥûзºӵټȴһ顣
ǰˣȫ֪ԼҪһõϢˣ̫ŹˣϢúÿ졣
ճǰ˷׷ױܿȴǸĿһЩ񣬽ԽԽ࣬˽ҲԽԽ󣬵ȫճ
𼷣ǰǿǸݽɫ߹ݵģȥô
ʲô˰֪ˮǰ˴һÿﻢүѹ˭Ұ𣬼ֱǲ֪
ˮһõˡ
Ͳ˰ɣûĸɽҪŵСǸո˵ˣȭʦӽ֡ȻͲǻүкϷˡ˳ӿţ˵ȴˮֵˣֻǵ뿴֡
һһͭǮӼǰ˿ǰͷճͻȻһУԭò״ټαһÿأûгţһиףϧ
ϧģĶ£ƺԼСӲûϱһܡ
ǣʶǰˣ˵˵ᰡǲǺôûʶˮأԱһӼ˹ֺǺǵʵ
ŵӵζ֪ǲųġӡ
˵źöԼԻҲùݵ
뵽ӰڳЦ˵ǰ˴ϢͨӦҲ˵ȭݵȭɣ
У⻹˵񺣳ŵϢǳȭˣɱ֡һȭģ˵ȭʦһӽȭճɵġʱ漫ѪȣΪѺעѪ޹飬Ʒϰ˵ҵҵ޶Сˣ
ӵ԰Լļʶ뱻˱ӣ˵ͻȻӦ˼˾Ǹճȭȷûϴ
ΪЩȣӵ˵ôЩ˲١
һ£˵Ȥȫֿ֪ɺÿˡ


181 ߹
û˻Ϊճûʲôý֣ոմӮһȭҲˡ
Ĳܻ֮úÿһЩ
֮룬ʵΪˮ֣ڰ˴ŵ̫ˡ
ʹճ˹ɱ֣ȭһѵõӣҲǵӶѣǺ֮㡣
ȴǳꡢһĴ֡
ڻ˵ĿУ֮ϾǺ֮㣬ЩĴ֣ȴǲ̫Զ
ܹѹһĻүȻ֮֮Ǿܶսģ˵ֵ˶ʮŷ
û˻Ϊ³ճܹĶ֡
һǰųȭһһɽˮһҹŶƭϵºȥҪ⳥ȴ衣
ǣɽŻ˫εͷʹȥѵˣûϵҹŶһñĵ̡
ɽ׼˵ʱˣ˫һԲϣֻǹУͰɽץ
ҶӵܴʦϣҲûɽôš
ҲǽЩΨһһˮȫ˵ӡ
ɽܸ˵ӦþúǶʧʵϲûС
Ϊ˶Ϊʮʢ꣬ʵսǿս֮ɴӮɽʲôֵֵ顣
СϢ˳ɽץ֮Ҫݺݽѵһ٣ȴҶţ˴һ
ĽӦҶӮˣҲûôˣЩ컹ĳǰ
ǰҲȫˡ
ս֮ˮֻ֮쳹ǡ
˼λʦȭʦǽһĸˡ
ճʱһѰģΧ۵ȺʵҳΪ
۷׷ףճĿȻԽԽѻ
ѾĿŵҾôʲô籪ģû˵жһҲûãˮֿɲѣѰץ˵ġϵСѩİΣҲҡ
ճźݡ
ȻѾ¶⣬ҲͲڣһͦĿĿľš
ڵѾõϢţŹ˸׳жңźľüǰĿ絶ճɱڡ
ӭͣǰºˣճˣ
ʲô˼ӭӣǸӣô᲻أ
ⲻͳԷº˼ʾ˼ҶԿʮӣͻǲ棬ˡʱĺ磬֪𣿡
̫֪ˣˣܿƣĻɵƺΪ֮ʣȫ뿪ϷС
ˣһðºĴ٣һҪ׷ݵǰˣǰɽҪռˮ֡ʱ˫ɱѪɺӣǲңºٸˡһðƾʲô·ͼӭȥۡ

ںȺʮ־죬ԼĻҪأͲ֣ɱ
ĺСӣĵһ˴һãÿڵķӦѵ߹ݿ죿
ºҹͷϴ˵ģҾһء
ճߵͥǰҲܶԷڳʲôƣĿһֱȷץסº

̶ν֮Ű˵⣬ֱӿǲá
ԣ壬һ仰˵⡣
һŭȣ𳤽֣ǰ·İ˸Ӻŵļٿȫһһ
˶ܸоճŭ⡣
ǲϸ˵Ҳˣº϶˴£ԲŻᱻ˴
СͲʡ͵ĵƣǸˣ˾ͲôˡԸͻթο϶ʲôݵ顣
Ȼÿ֮ڣûκεǹĽ飬ôҲóͷƽ¡
֪һԸ̾
ճһȺ׳ȫ޶ԣľббأͬͷͷʱп˶ɡ
⾹Ȼһճﰵš
ȴûа˼Ī˵ǹ󣬾ǵɽ𺣣Ҳ㴳ˡ
˫һʱһˣԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬϷΣ
ճŲһͣͼձںתһˡ
˰׷룬ɫЦʮУ·磬Ƕӡ
⿴βû뵽һˡ
ճһǺˣֻº鷳޹˵Ī£Ͳˡ
˻Ҫ̫󣬵ӣЦǺǵ˵ƺһ㶼ճĲ磬Ҹ㿴࣬ʸ飬ʲôԲĵطϷһõϾʹ˽ҹ
Ŷῴ࣬Ǹɣô˵Ѫ֣֮ǿҪùˣҵҪճ΢Ʋ


182 Ѫ֮
ճ˿ൢʱ䣬ǰͷ·Ӿɹȥ
Χ˵ĻҲĺġ
Űɶˣһ¶ôˣճǹԹԵĴȥ
ǣʦʦһ棬ʵǺܴĻԵ󲻵ġҾͲţ֮¡
ˮ־סһЩ˸ɣһʦ棬ȫ˷ܵ
ͬͨ˼Լżһǿȡ
壬Űɺǿ
СӣҲ̫ª˰ɣŰɶ֪һεɽ˵ûУʮ˵ǴΡ
ǺһﺷܴϰŮǮƵ˵ǻͽʮײУǮδ֮ǰ˺Ʊþ޲ߣ˺ܴӡ¸˵Ǽͽķ֣־𣿡
ͽôײУô־ܣ⻰ҲţֵҲ˰ɡһҲ
ǴʵǮϰ廨ؽʦʦԷӪһ˵÷ͽ־ȫԼ񼫡Ծ죬Ż᲻ӷġ
ô
ֹֻŰɳֵһ飬۹ⶾóֶԷءټϿ絶ֻҪ˵ϼ䣬ٴı£ĳޣҲðַ
һƬͣͷ
ƺʦʦĳ֣;ճ޹һֻһĻ־ˡ
˿ճ۹ⶼЩˡ
֪ʲôί¡ȻŰɳʲôίҲͲҪˡ
ͷ濴š
ճ˵ۣһ㡣
Ȼ׼ӣֱû˻ȥ
ͷϣ׼ǿƽ£Ҳ˭˭ǣƫˣ˵ٺҲǵˡ
֮ǣȻ˼ҳˣ㲻ҲˣѾˣȥһ顣
ʦİ룬ĿճһСᣬͻȻչһЦ˵Ϸͷɣбɣü¡㸸ĸ˫СͱԲԣ
һھǵ͵ľֶΣﲻݡ
ʦһ仰ڣ͵ǣʹµĵطûԼʹ޶Եġ
ֻҪһͻ¶ƾͷԷ絶ȻͻƶԷ񣬴ӶõҪĽ
ճͷһ
⣬ͷ˵ʲôֱ˵ţȻͲˡ
ǣͷһ仰˵ȴġ
СʱһſڣºҲһֱûϵѰҡ
ճôȻԸʱҲݡ
ȻʦûȱĸԽɳûƫµԸ
ǣĸʵҹλʱܻСճĳֵź
ͷĻƺĳħһԼȳŷĸо
⿴ŵҲȫͷ΢Цûһ˻ỳò׼
ǰ˸պľ׳ҲЦݣʦٲҪ
ʦ۴ӯӯЦ⣬ճɫ磬Ҳ˼ֵ⡣
뻹Ǹ߿ˣ˵ѾȭҲˡ
ճˣճ˫üɷü絶Ŀ£̫עһ׿ѡߵǲǲĲ˵ˣӢţ٣
ճԼԼ˹ţϵľ֢ЩĿ
ͷĻͻȻһ˵ıļ䣬ôҲ֮ȥ
̾ѣճɫֱ࡭
ʦ۴飬˵춨Ϊƽ֮ҿԸ㡣ֻҪַأƵɷ֮
ͷһ䣬͡
ǰǰŴʦ㻹İɡ
ԭɷǰѹɱ졣ãҪĻˣ͵ΪƣЩ֮ĲС
ŴʦˣҲǼųְɵúúϧλǡ
ճ΢΢бֿЦŴʦһƭ˲˰ɣôȫ׼Ҳѧһ㣬Ҳ㿴һָһԽ򣡡
~

ˣѾˡ
ճĻȫ󻩡
ʲôԴǶ޷еĻо
Űǰ˵ҪָԽ򣬴ףôճͷһ
ճЦЩŹ֣ҿŴʦվѪ֣֮
һ䣬ʦۡһһѪȾ½ָճ㡭㣡ͬ֡
ܵҲͻȻһͣϢ
ʲô״˵Ѫ֣֮ѪѲ䣿


183 
ճȴûͣҪȵĵǶġ
ʦõʲôֶˡ
Ϊͷˣŷճȴ֤ͷʵõǾš
ΪӣʵȴĿƱ˵ľ
ʦþԻճ񣬹ı֮£Ȼҷһɣʮֶ񶾡
ǴӸ־ϴһˡ
ܵˣܵˡ
ճ󣬾ͻıԼۣۡӴûԼ־
˵ϵĳɻΪˮ£ճΪ˴ûԼš
Ǵӹٵһ˵
ɶǣʦþ񹥻ʱһصϣɡ
ճôһ̣ζԻ󣬲ͱͷӪľʹ˳١
Ի꣬ҩ
Ǵʦޣ
ճйâǣŭڣɲֻᡣ
Ҿ͸ƴһƴ
һ䡰Ѫ֮֡飬纣˵ʦϡľɾ
ͷһʱֲԴͬ󴸻ðǣͷһƣ³һѪۿɫЩҰܡ
Ծ浶ǹĹɱҪգˣͻᷴ
ʦٿճͬÿζԸЩһ
ȴû뵽ȴߵϣһǿˣҲþ֮
ճζϮ£۾񷴻ôҲ벻顣
ʵʦϾ֮ûƹ
ҩ˵ʵҲж󣬵ȴѼˡ¾֮Щĵشİ࣬;һҩԻ˵ǣԼĿġ
ճСʱ˵ĳĳ˱ϵĻ֮ԼԹԵȥȡǮͽºãȻ֪
֪ҩǶôˡ
ٷֻҪһҩԻ꣬ǼϢ
ץ֮󣬸ҩѾˣһЩεĵطܻ˴ҩĶЧ͵͵ʹá
ʦһ
ճģǣʦʱĲ䲻ͣС裬Ǹĸֵѱѡò˵һҷϣ۱ˣûбĳ
þСүҲᡣ
ճоƬɨ֮Ͱʦĵϸ
ͷ񲨶ɢң֪ʱǳʱٲ飬һתǿ˾Ⱦ
֮ʩ
ճϲ·ʽ
ôңôˣȻҼӣ͵гܺ׼
ͬ˵Ŵʦ걻һȭˣԴ˲˵ûôÿһ춼Ǽ尾ҿȥΪá
ȥˣ
ʦҰˮ
ͻȻо޿ͷһͣűߵʯһͷײ˹ȥ

ʦ
Сģ
һƬ
ۿʦҪѪԽѡ
ȴһӰڰ˸׳ǰ棬һѾץסͷļ˻
Լʮߴ࣬ɫں죬
ŶԽ¶̴ǰţһɫͷ档
Ѫ죬ɭɭΪ
ô˼ҶŹ̫𣿡
ʦʱȻ֪Űɾʹ˷ˡ
࣬ͬΪ˴Ÿ֣ǰͬ³ŭɱӿʵ
磡ճЦŽһ˵ֻΪº˲ֵ·ͱֺ϶Ȼþ񹥻ңʹü˵Ի㣬ҷˣҲӦܿܣĪˡ
һܿܣȭϢһжȴСˡޱ˵ҪҲԣֻҪһؾС
ã
ճһӭƣ˫Ųˣ½޷Զ׼ˡ
УȻôĲһõӣ߹¡ôҳһˣҲ˵ҵĲǡˮ
Ŀ˵ϰéǵұ𴫻֮óֻ֪ɱУвաˣȥü
ö˵ĳˣûճǲºУҸԳ֣ҼˣҲˡճɫĮ΢΢³¶ǯ
һ΢΢̽һˢһҾ͡
˼仰һ˵վͱý䣬ɱڡ
֪Ѿǻͷ˵޿˵
ʣ¾Ǵ֣µҲû˭ܻͷ


184 һ
αأճܶԸŰɣþգʹȥðϧһˡһϺ̾Ϣ
˵ܶԸŰɵ絶֮ȫ־ǿĽܳʿһ˱һ˵ͻᶷ־ȫͳȭһ޴ҲӴʹǰǡճֵܹʤܿʵǰ;Զ־ǿôҲܻԸ񲻺ϰ˵
֪Ҳǲ˿ãΪ֪˵ɵأ˵ɵأ
Χ۵е̾Ϣͬ飬еֻеĸǵڿ֡
еУΨû˻ճȡʤʵˮүʵǿҲ̫ˡ
ʢ֮ʿû˻һ֮в
ճӮ絽ǰԶĲƱע
ճĻشҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ
ɫһ˫ֺʮǰʮָʢγһƬӰɸӡһʥ
شӡضүá
ճоƬɨ򿪣¼һУҲϹ𣬰˵ӡûá
ǣһЩط似ѧһѧʵ͡
ӡҲǰϣֻǾԴ
ʵǰҲǲɵġ
طУӡӡֻһʽ
꣬ļ䣬ʵ˵ֻһ֮֮ʽҲֻصǹһưˡ
ճԼȻһ㣬Ҳȥù
֮ǰԡ
˵ǱģҲ˵ȫá
ѧ֮ʱôȻãܸ۾
ʵ켫ɣͲһЩ飬ܹʱֻ뻭ͻ
һЩ֣Ծӡջ
ǿһزҲһ̶ȣֽʶҪˡ
ֱܹȡеɷƥ
־ճֻСè˵ҲǺСʱ˵һΣоԼճ˵˵졣
ʵΣճǲ֪ġ
éɽé֮éé飬é붯ʥӦþé֮ˡ
ճֻ֪ŷŴеɽˮ֪һźɰٴʲôѧһ㡣
Ϊүʵĵ
ǴͳУһֻΪ
ڵĵشΪճǸһβľϣȻη޾壬似ǿ
ȫͣɫʺѪʮ׳ճ档
ѹᱻΪս似һ˻򲻹
ȷ֮Ҫ˵򣬹ǿžƱˣǿ֮
һˣվǰֵ˼ûˣּȴŲճ
˹Ǽһսճͱüޱȡ
ǿҲ뺳ԭ΢΢鲨ʮƽ
һֱһΪز
΢΢з۾ͻȻͬһҫۣȺȫ̾
ʱɫѪ죬޴Ĺʥ߰˷ƣһ䣬ӴٱеĴͻһ嵽ճǰ
˻δһɼǿķ羢ճͷ½Ʈ𣬸о棬
һ˲䣬ȻǰĿͻȻ˸ɾӰԽԽ󣬵ߡ
һһ
ճУѾ䡣
Ǹಲ׳Ǳ۳ãֳֳƳӢ佫ʥƳ
ԺոշӰ񣬾ͶȻһ֪ѾԷӴӰ΢΢ҡ־
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ոתճ;һֱϮԼǵ磬ϢоͿ˸ǰٶȿ˷ָ
ع۾ɱˣ
Ϸﳣ˵ţճһֱΪǼٻ
ʱףԭع۲ΪװƣǾ
֮ǰѾΪһ壬֮ͱǿĹ
׷һٶȣƣ۷ˮƽ
ƽ˲䣬ǴŴŲŰѾȫ𣬾ͬ٣ҲŲȹ֮١
ûһţ˲ﵽٶȵĵ
عУһȫֻҪһҪնͷ­
ùƳ裬ճͬʱҲ΢΢˷
ΩǿĶ֣ܸԼѹþ޿״ĸ߷塣
ֻҪܳʵܹٴεõܴ


185 Ƶϣ
ˣ־ǾУû飬ճβҲˣϧˡ
ǰ;һƬãαѰأҾͿһ㱾£Ͳ֪ߵغˣҲãҪսȨ͵б˿ľ򡣡
ҲǵҲȥʥعαʲôʲô˽ðȻ߹ݣʦʦԶϺ·󳤱ǰҲֻϵù
ܵͬδճȥʱҲ˲ñ˵ЩʲôûвʱϽ΢΢һȴѾ˿ܷ
ԵԵõӦԷʽԴճܷ֮󣬾ûҪϵƵʱ򣬾Ǹ˹ಫҲһ
ʱȫһŸģżλʦڳ
¼ȥҲˣýһҲֻΪԼۻ
в֪֣ʦֲɵӣֲܷˡ
ף벻ͨ͸֮£ֻҪԼ꣬ƶϵóճĳֲΪֶ֪Ρ
Ǹ鷳Ȼճ̫鷳ô˵һ²Сһ¡ܹóȭͽԷ£Ҳóܷˡ
ȴǲͬ
ǰһսʦԷľ񣬻ʱһ֪湦ؼôԼ¶һֶҲ
οڳûлʦҲû˭ܿʲôס
ճõСѩõķ÷ֻǵ˷
һǺõġ
ΪһˣӲܣԼǵжҲᱻһֱֵۡ
ۼȫһѰԵֵ
һˣճȫԱ񣬻ĺ飬ڵǿʱȻ
Թضүʱȴˡ
ûԽֹֻǴС˵￴ĹҲܹµعƣƾǾӮ˵ġ
ˣ뵲סһһܵסֻ˱ܶƱѹƣôͱˡ
ⶫ֣ǣǱ
ճֻܻҪԼһһٶȺܻܿٶȿ֣пδӦ֮ǰͱͷ­
ʱĺӱͥĳʵνǿƳֻ˵ڲ֮䣬
ԹعһͻϮһжûסͱԴʱĲš
ѵǿز
ͬĸһף޵ˣ
ʵϲˡ
˵ֻռ˸Ȼ˵ռ죬̫ȷʵƾǵһг֮ʱƶԶˡ
ʵѷɫڹع״̬׼ûá
һһ롣
ֵ֮տ֪
ճ벽Ƕ˺󳾡
ԣ㲻ˡ
ճһΪճ֣б̯ڲǰ棬ӡڵ֮ϡ
ƽӣϢ
Ťꡱ죬ƺһ̾Ҫճִͷ뿳¡
˶ţû˻Ϊܵסһ˫ȫһȼ
һ̣
ף
ܡ
סˣʲôзȫ
һ̾ճϽһƺŵһֽ˺ѵ
һȥѾճ׽ģɴ
˷һſܷһţ۰ճﻹüתͷͬʱҲΪһķâȲʡ
ӤõѪСѩʮ°¹ɼܷǿ
Ϊһ׺ݣƾŷֽǿôҲܵʽ
ȴûϵһնֽõԼûŵƣҪ뵲סһμѡ
ΪʦҶӶܹϼе֣Ȼв֮
ڳ˶ԼҲˡ
Ȼסȫһƾʹͬ
ճüһһƣ
ȭһ帩壬ǰ壬˾ͳĻȭֱ꣬ǹ
ɽƺ޼᲻ߣ
ճ𴦣ͷȫһѣЩ־Ĺķңˤڵء
㱻ನҲѾЩܡ
Ȼôãӭӹճƣͷ֮ҲݵĿհףʥĽ϶Ȼɢһ˲䡣
ûᣬڡ
ճ𴦣ѾԤϵķӦ
˵ǿޱȣҲڣǾ˵׻һҴ߷ʽͬ˵˵붯·ս
·ճҲŸˣֻжԶ߶Զ
һоͷâճͲˡ
һеǴˣȴһΨҶľķ־


186 Ƶ£
񲢲ǹعһ־ģ⡣㾲˼ԼľƵͬɹضүһٽڤڤһ岻֪Ǳܼ
ģϾģ⣬񲢲ǡ
Ľܻȱ㡣
ʵϣ־ϵսʽճյȭ֮ͬֻøӳףԼ˸ݻΪ˸
֮Իᱻճ¶Ҫԭľǿ
ϰ꣬Ҳͻһ㣬Ԭ൱
־Ϊ֣ǻʦҪռݾƣճ־ĴˣȴԶԶˡ
2.2ľȫѹ
ճһȺ𵴣Ҵߵľ΢΢һң⼫̵ʱڣճˡ
ȭͷһȭⷢЮȭݿأƵ棬ٴǿ
һȭƾ
ӴΣһȭ߸ߣݺݵˤ˳ȥֱֱײĹʥϡ
꣬죬һƬǽ塣
ʲô
һң˸һƶ˽׳ʱ澪ţг
ΧȺȴǲԼ۾ǰһĻȫһʱ
Щ٩٩̸̸۵ۼңʱȫоϻģ˵
ôܣôᱻܣ
ոյ׷ʲô£
ճȭͷôʲôȭû˵ӽȭǿֱʺϹ˼Ҫˡ
ճϱһֱĬСèȴͻȻһؽеճȭõԽԽˣǿϧһȹӣǸܼӡ

ճԶԡ
ȷ˷һſܷȷ˷СèСѩһȹӡ
СèУЩȫԺƯ·ܻˣԻһһÿ촩ŲͬĿʽ
Сè֣δȭ˲ǮֻҪ򵽲ϣǰǮư
ҲܣҾҪƯ·Ǯʲôܳ𣿡
ðɣ˵ס
ճʲôʱҪúý̽СèѧȻʺϿ⡣
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ˤڵϣľʵײϡá
عǶ߰˸Ѫ˼ء
ճȭӳ֣һȻýӣοģʧ˲䷢
Ȼ˼أȴûЩֻĿĵ૵ؽеˣˣضүˣ
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е˶֪˵һ˵˼
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ԤϵõڲõĽͻᱻһ£߷ֶʳ֮
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ˮֵδΣճǰëǮĹϵҲûУҲû뷨׼ƫа
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ȭݷͻǧ򣬻й̾ܵõǧĲ͡
˵ںܳһʱ֮ڶҪΪǮƵǣܷſֽѰҸִѪҩġ
ֽһµĿٳڡ
Թĸ䣬ճҲûʸùġ
ΪҩƽܹȡӪ̫
زò˵µİʮ־޴ոʱŪʮõѪӵ
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187 
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Ϊһʮ㣬ûӳլԺԶ߸߷ɵĴ㡣
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ճСèתȥ
˸ºźľü̱ٿбվԺеºûһ˸˵衣
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ճıӰԶȥ˲Ż
ųһȻǴ簡Ҽ߹Ȼǰ˭뵽Űɺͻ綼Ķ֡
ǰȭʦһοɼ񵽱ˡǰںǻĳЩǣΪǼ󻯾ʦ֮⣬ûõóѹһĸ֣͵ĺˡΣɴͬˡ
˭֪ճһȭʲôȭô񿴵ӰƵģƫƫó棬Ǳһȭˡ


188 Ǳ
ӵͷ߸߰бһ۵ǰ˵ϢǸûȥճһȭģ˳ΪȭΪȭ⣬ȭҪһǿ̫ࡣȻƾʲôһ˻ôȫǵȫ֪ˡ
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Сèָ£ճ˴ͷһũլӣӦþĿĵˡ


189 ܣϣ
ȥȥˣǴʲôﲻӦĵطȥضճûֱɱȥ͵͵Ǳȥĵڣʮĺ˹
⼸Ľ׳Ƥֲڣָڻźĺ࣬ճ֪Ǽׯˡ
ܿڸԼũ֮󣬻Ŵְֻ
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ܵľɫгƽΪϵһ飬ѹֺܶ˶ɢġ
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þűȻŮ˵衢ֽˮ֣ϸϸĲɡ
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յӣÿĵĴЦ
Ȼûб͵Ƿƽ˾Ҳϲ졣յԱ󽫣һŽҪ˰


190 ܣ£
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ŷŽϴ֮¹֮װñϵͽҪϣڸտʼЩ꣬ר߸ƶβˡ
ڵعַûõڣͨķˮβ֮ʮ֡
ټ˵õһһֱżֻСڱɽУʵ֮ͨ
ˣʮʱ֮ڣ;ۼ˺ܴεɽɳ£Ҳື½
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ʦ֪õϢӶ飬ɫеķӥӶһӶ׼ӺϷ

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ɫеӶˣȫԱǵĹӶرࡣ
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ƺûףֻӶӣΪ˱ں߾͸ƴ
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һۻ
һȴǸոĦܽ£Ȼһ˳ͷȴʱʱ촽ƺǸɿʡ
۾һУ֪սɱ˵սʿһѪĪͷǰȥƴɱ
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ÿһСᣬͻȻЦ˵ãȻԱҾſǱݣ
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ȴֹյ£ʵ𺳶ǵǴˡ
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֮ǰӳֶĹõΪ֮ͷѡ
ճ׼һҩһֻľͰˮҲ˲ˣ˽ȥ
һɹȵҩֱķΣʹб鲼ȫ


200 ɵ
ճԡͰϥԶеĺʽĵ⣬ĸܵȫЩһĪĸоӹ
ҩϸ΢ǿš
ճﷺϲá
Լʵ̫ȱˣҩˮţԾٶڲǿ׳
ЩҩôֻҪ֮Ժ㣬ڴǣһֲ̰ܾʱȭΪֿԸһ
СʱľͰɫҩ峺ճվһ壬оȫòľ
ǰëϸѪܣƤϸ΢˺ȫʧ
ȭͷķžž
Ȼǿ˿
ǵǿ
ֻһϴԡճ͸оǿ˲١
һЩĺôȴʸǿһ㣬쳤վõҩȭͿ屾ʲͣıǿ
ЧԣȻ¾Ǯһϴˮͻ˼ֵʮҩһ˻Ѳ𡣡
ܵĽճ˷ܵͬʱЩ
жǮȴǸĲ˽ڼԸݳ޵ȷܲϰߡ
Ǯ˵ƷλȻɣճԳ

ȭݴϢʱǵڶŵ㡣
ճƽûʲôͬʱԼȥѧУƵĿ·
Ʈϸܵ˿ճ˳߽һСͳ
ſһճæǰӭӡ
˰͵һˡ
ճͷ˽ȥ
ֻֽдһַճʲô֪
Ȳ֪εݣҲ֪м˽ܵüͷ˲ס

ճ˳ֱ˽ȥͼһ˴ݽ˳˸񣬾Թǰͷ·
һĵ̴Ӷֱ°ͣճʶ
ȭݵAȭֻƽʮָ߰ʱճȴǿ
оͰڵ˹У˹ְճ£սճǰܸ߰
ȭֵĵλܼ򵥣˭ǿ˭ܵõ˵𾴣̬ҲȻ
ճԻ·оЩ죬AȭҲһִѵѣ
Ҳ໰ĬĬĸں棬ڲǲ²ʲôȻˡ
֪һ¼򵥣ӦĳΣգǲ֪Ժη
˾һţͻȻͷ˸
ճɻûѯʣ͵ǽϵԿŵһߣټһΡ
˸ţƺڿճķӦ
ðɡ
ճȡԿףϲûʲô촦ġۡװͿСһƼеߣ˵մƳɣһⲻ
ۿȥҲֻһֻťۣȫۣҲ⡣
ȻԿףͣ
һ
ƺһֱС´ŭճ¶Էȥߡ
Ի飬ճû˵ʲô
תһ䣬پţͼһ˵ǰ棬ȴȭܱޡ
ճˣ˵һ˵ͨڴǼ˼
ܵҲҪ񲻳ɣ
վڳԴһɡƺ˺ܾãûһ㲻ͷ˼Щ˷ܡ
ճϼһЦݣº͵˵ճ˰εǼͻͻָָֿеļɫ˵Щ
˵ǰȥҲӡ
ճϸպӣġ
ȥᣬоֻʮأ͸ɻˣҲûʣȥҲֻӸȥ
ӿܸߵ£ɫЩۣΨһճЩ벻ͨǣװػ澹ȻЩᡣ
˼ԶϾմһЩɫĩ
ʱҪҲö뿪ȥϴֻ֣ǸǰС
˲Զͼǰͣһɫ񳵣˳Сĵİӷ˵ĶܹأСĻţ߰ɡ
ճ˳ںţһԲ
ʲôҲľżһʲô
ӻǰʻȥճǳǵ·ʵȥԶ𣿡
ûһҲָ޻شʵ𾪡
ոӵʱоƬɨҲͷȻܷ⣬ĽȴܱװŵĶȴճһ
֣װŵľȻһЩ࣬װĿ࣬ȴֻ
ոɨ赽ĻʱһͰе˳ȥ
ǸʲôνĻﾹȻ˵࣬ȭݻ£
ɻˣûеʳֻǰ뷨ѹĵףӾЩ
һʼ͸ŹŹ֡
ּù飬ΪʲôҪԼ˲룬ѵ°ˡ
˵㱻˷Ҳû⡣
Ӳأװúܺãײ޺ͻȫԼ֮ǰͰӷ䡣
ƫƫôֻӣȫһ١
ˣɡ


201 ͻ״
ճʰ飬ųϸɣװһãȻ֪ģȴš
˰ͷһ
ճ˺İ֪ǵͷˡ
̧ͷ⣬ȴһŵӴװ䣬ʱͷˣеװĺֱС
ﵹǸ׵ĺõطᵣעĿҪǴҪӵĻҲף֪ѾźԱûУ
ճֹţ͸˳
۽⿴һճŵӣвɲһ˿⡣ͷͽһֿ⣬ʶ37ǲֿıţӦѾջΪ׵ص㡣
仰˵Ŀĵصˡ
ճԥһ£Ҳ˽ȥ
Ļͷȫ飬ճĺ档
ճǰͷʱϵ棬΢˫̽ߣΪС
ճ֪Ϊ˷ֹԼߣΪ˷ֹʲôʡ
һֱճû˵СèӴ˹ΧɫһƬ뻶ȴоʲô
СèϺɫëȵؽеճôŻطΣհ
ｻȴ±СèУճһ֣ŷְǸ˯档Ͻôĵӣƫܴܶôÿ𣿡
ܱﲻ˼ҪãСè˵˵
ָճϾڤ˼ϰ÷˪ʱȷû취κˣġ
СèЩģճҪǱȥˣҸо˲⣬϶
£߳ںء˵´˴֣˷ʲôˡ
ճƫƫͷСèϲ˲䣬ο
Сèſ壬Ҳˣ滹֧ԮҲ

㣬̽4ͷŲֿ⴦ճѾ뽻ֳӣͬӰ񷢸һûУҲӦõ˰ɣ
СƻüͷЩƵ˵ͷˣƺûһжԱλ֪˹ϣ
ʲô
´󾪣һеԣԱıʶȴֻһ̵ĵ37ŲֿȥӦ´鷽ƣҲԼʦܡأԲ30ڿ̵㣬ѼصΪģɨģʽ֮Ҳ´ˡ
һ˾ȻûиϵԪڸʲôѵǲ֪жҪ𣿻˵ջǹˣ¿һ۾Ҳסˡ
ѵԽӼ˵ӣأʱ̱硣ҪȥӦճһΣա
ΣⲢǲ²⣬ΪճϵġۡӰġ
ǣӳӦ
ʱҲûƤЦЦˡ
֣ԱȴûѰˡ
ĻӰ񣬷ɿ˵鳤ӻ֯ĸ֣ϿǸӵļء
аգ˺š񸫡ϰʹѸͷǰڰս㳡ѵӪˮ̼ƴѸͷʮûѰƶӲ̫öԸȴʶ֪˭
ͷƺװһӰ⣬һ۾ϳˡ
¿³һװ絥߶죬ذװСϣǹͷҲص˵Ȼ񸫰յˣôߵĿ϶ǹ̰֡˴ӲˣҲѹϲٳ֣׼ȷ˵ǺץѱͬΣա
Ǹ˫ṇ̀ӳһе鳤һȥ֧Ԯ̫Σˣٴߴ߻Ԫ
ûõģջĿ϶Ǳż˵뷨£ճİΣǲϵģҿǲˡһ仰µԱһ˳ȥҲ˲ͷͶ۹⡣
ģһȫװϴźɫģǹϴذ׵ĴŮһ·񱼣벻۶
ϡϡɳƬƬӿˡ
龰æÿ·˸뿴ǰʲô顣
µٶȺܿ죬ϧΪ˲޵˵ķӶƻμƻͣλЩԶ
Ψһжȴֳһֲ
´ʱҪϵûһʱ䡣
ϣճܶһᣬҸϵͺˡĬĬ
˫ǿѹĵģһ߰ѻԪ˸Ѫͷ
´жƻûĴλжǱ߳⣬ⲻŰճ
֪ԼҲͲ̽ƻˡ
˹ǿܣѵӪİнף˭֪˭ȥ顣
Щڣڲճִ
֪˭һʱ⣬˵Σˡ


202 
鳤ǻʹ߹ˣǸ׵ճĳ£ô򴦳ｻֿԶһװ棬һЩĵ˵
˾һж鳤ֽŶԱжȴֲΥ˻Ԫ
ֻһԾţСȰ˵
໹һװȫ죬ƺⲻǳ񣬶⽼Ρ
ЩԱصĸŻԪ£һжָӡ
Ȼ鳤ûзҲòģϢҪ
ԪͷҲûأֻԶ37Ųֿſڣ˵ճ£ʲô£һΣǵҪõյĻϵ˹ǿܣ߲Ѿһ࣬ǰҪöԷӵô죿
ճ
ճҪֲ´ˣԸ˽ˮȥһնΣҲֲñˡ㲻Ҫ˵ˣһжΪԲɡ
ߵĸƫǱߣԪҲ⡣
ֽϾǸˣȻҵңҲȫȫĸһģЩֿ⡣
ɣȥͰʵ̫ˣԪ
ĥô´ӪͰһ飬ͻȻԶȺһƬңæ̧Զ˹ȥȴһŮܳһߣͷͷ˹
£ں渺֧Ԯô嵽ǰˣ
ԪЩջؽе
鳤ҪҪֿѾ¶סˡȫΧ
鱨ʲôԵģԳˣôأ
Ԫƿڴ
Ȼ·һ鲻Ϊ鱨ʵʱӰֹͣǷ͡
鱨֧Ԯ鸺𣬰ܵĲأȫƿڹԵУҪ֤һҲʵʱ˽⵽Ľӽ̣ѡõʱ֡
ǰ滹ãʵʱذճ޵˵ȫ㱨Ԫ֪û⣬һ鰴˱仯
Ȼ֣жǷӰиëá
ġ
ˣһͻȻͱϹ
ֿеĽ˭ʵΣô
ЩһŲ֪һִжƻ
Ԫʱȴû뵽һİճΣգºСƻѾһ鲻ڣȫ֡
²ɵϣʼһԪ˻ᰴƻ֧Ԯһûǳ̾Щ˴ʲô⡣
Ҫý׳ɣȻٶԱ޳֣ѽ׵ĻõС
ճȫϣڻԪ˵ճȻŵճá
µûһεõĻӦþǿ˹ǿڡ
һǰǴν״ˣһں´ļ£ѵӪ֡
ԪվҪж뵽Լļƻճһȭķεȭ⣬Ѿ͵ߵ˻ȥ
ȴȱ޳ֿ⣬ȭݵıؾ֮ĳҲͣ򣬲µġ
ǣ
µȴ

ճ֪´ڻ೶ȣ£ɴ档
ǣֳѾԶȴûа˿ԼԼһ˿ԤС
ǰ˵õĲͬأȫӰӵġ
У취
СèҲճľ裬ϵëȴûгҲ֪ʱ˹ؼʱ
ޣȻͦʱģ𣿡ֿĹߺܴܰúڲֻǿܿ
ͻȻ뵽һҲһЩ
ϸϸĿһǰˣЦԭְͰ񸫹ȫҪҪô
Ͳ˵ЦˣεĻжҪҿҪöࡣѵӪÿͻЩľ˶ҿɲһ
Цú⡣
ļһȫͲҶ˵ˡ
ǰһƣ˹ȥ
ְϴһڰɫߣ׵ʱҲ¶ݡ
˺һѿĻȣһͽӹӣдɨһۣЦ˵ǸѵӪǳ⣬Ȼŵùǡһҳ˸ⰡͷԼĶ䣬һ¾˵ҲУ˭ǵĻƷأϾȭֳƷǿˣܶ˶ӭúܡȫˣ졣
һճϵĵɫĩЦһЦתӻȡһ鱾СĽӵ˹
ݡʹ֮ᡯЧ죬Ҫպã֣ȥͲˡ
޲˫ֽӹƺⶫҪ


203 Ӧ
˶ԻճֱоƤ񶼳ˡ
װʲôΪĽס
һЩ٣ȴ˵ô赭дЩ֯ȫʲôö
ճҲ˽ô£ѵӪ͵˻ȭֵࡣ
ӶĻԴرǿȭ֣ܵһЩ˵Ļӭ
ȭݵȻֻһҽ֪һϱ£
ճӾˣԵĸоЩԡ
ʹ֮ᡱʲô⣿ôҪĶԷȻεֱ˵
ְԵúдֵǱҲû
֪Լ´ߵýӽȭһϵˣӷͲԼϢ֪
ǰյ˹ճ˫ֵĿʮأְҲ´һ£ָ˶
ã
ճ˸ոձ˵ļһأȻڳϡ
ֻ뵽ģȴû뵽ϻһֻǻģǾǳϵ١
Լ񲻾ϺõĻ
ȻѵӪˣճʮջʱŷӦ
ǵɫᣬԤıӦþǴһŸˡ
ɫĩȻǻ
ѹֶ˶Լֿ
֣
ְָһѺĶǹУǳಲͷ׳ѸͷҲءճ˹
ٶȾȻְǹֻ죬ֻδ䣬Ѿˡ
ⷴӦٶʵ̫ˡ
ǣճ졣
ְ˸ո˶ճһ䣬ͬһʹܳף˻ĸǰ
ڿհףһʽϲȵ÷ŲһƣԽֻʵֵ˫֣Źֵߵı
أ
һ죬˫գסһȣȴоһɾϮ
һԳףոյճԭվλá
ӭǹϯתѸͷ

ͷͷ£ĺС
·𿴵ԼɼΡ
ݣǹͷͺһʱֲûϵոշʯ֮䣬־ͱһˡ
Ҳ֪鲻ɱȫ֮ȴһӳ٣Ҳղ
Ӧ죬ҲǸһӣɨ˻һȡ
һոͣڻ䣬ûն
һȻе
ͬܲһأӾսȭֶˡ
ֻճжٶ̫죬ʱǡôʮ־
ճһ߷ɻȴͣһȭűŻ¡¡ͬȭ淢⡣
һƿȭȭ涼Ҳܲڻ谵Ĳֿ֮ڣǶǡ
ȭ⣡
һһȭƣ󾪡
Ǽճ̨˹һս֪һȭʲôĹ
ǿǰѵ˹ֽǶ״򴩵һбɱ
ѵͲһʱֱ𣿡תͣͷȴҶġ
ܵģһȭ֮ˡ
޼æɿװšʹ֮ᡱĺڽӣһɫͨ졣
ȫͬˮһ㣬Ȳ粿ٵ첲Ǵ֮һֹ
˫бб棬Ҫסճһȭ
ù򣡡
ճһȲʣѵӪܿһ׼ѵޱǼˡ
óһ׼תǵʮ־ʱЩƴɱǰĹʿֹ
ֹʺӲӲƴսɱУΪʮ־ºպ˴˿ɵ
˵Ѫ׷һﵽԽ˵Ŀġ
ʮ־ˡƷǺѪҺƶ⣬ﵽ˼Ĺ
˵ͨսʿһĹƲɵ
޵Ȼûһˮӣ˫Ƴͬɽѹ
ճֻǿžһ͸ĸо
һлпܽӵҵȭشѵӪܹƿȭݣȻŶصĵطճﰵϧȴϵˣҵöɵŻڵлŵʱ㾡ȫóȭⰡ
ճһȭ;ȭͷϵĽͻȻ
ͻβǰȻһб·ȥ
ƺһֱ׼һܣŸƴȭ
ְдųЦճһһһȭͣͷ·𿴺Ϸһ㡣
кɫǹһ顱һӵȴ˸ա
ǹͬʱճȻǱ۾һǰһ˵ǺɫӳС
ȻһֻڵһţűͣһʱûüصĵڣԾŲֿſڳȥ
ٶ֮죬ְǹڶתơ
ճһǳɣӷղԣԼϵ֮󣬾ͺˣȭ𹥣ܿǹںУֱſڡ
̶һʱ䣬μתۣòֿĸȫûԤϵ
ȵְһ׼ʱճѾſڡ


204 ׷
׷
ճҪӳȥһȣת۾ͨſȥ
ֵıȻˣʵ̫
ĽսУޱճһɿںƴӦȭһȴֶԷĿԭǹںС
ֱˣĳ裬һû
ŭ֮£Ҳ˲ñһȵڵʹߵĻȼͣݺһţȵõʯɽͳ˳ȥ
ȱ޸ȴְǹճ˹ȥɫһڡ
²ҵ㣬֪ôƹ˳ָ׳ͱޣ׺ճ׷ֿš
鳤ճѾɱˣ˻СĽӦϿס
37Ųֿ⻹200ԶͻȻӽкһϲ¸ӿ˼֡
ؼʱˡ
ճȻɱ˳϶Ǳ׷ʱ˰ŶϺͿӳ
֮ǰͱ׷ΧǾˡ
һ˸ȥҲﲻ̫æ
ĻԪһ߰һ߼еŲֿȥԶԶͼճӰ˹Լķ
Ȼӵúִܲ١
ӰҲһ׷˳
һ˴Ź棬Ѻǹ顱Ϳ
һѸͷĹͷ׳ͷţͳ塣
ոջԸǹ񾭷Ӧٶȶʮֿݣȴճû֮ء
˿һԼˣëûץһ
ԣպְճѵӪĳޣֵĻĿܵ
Ҳܲ˵ġ
ݻֻķݣȥ󲻵òν۵֡
ʧɲһ㡣
ճоƬɨ裬ı޺ͰգȴԹ̵ǹΪɵ
ÿζƾоƬɨǰձܹ
˵ǹƺܴǶֺס
ң̵μΪ죬󷽣ͻȻֳұߣŲ˷롣
ճֵԤзʽʱ𲻵á
ԲǽĲеἰİԲϣʮ
֮ʱֻоƬϾȫע̵ĳӵ
ҪѲɨûʱ䡣
ಡӵӹһΣճһ㡣
ӵļͷɨȥһƤ⣬Ѫ
ճƺһ̧ͷȥǰȫ˹һϲ
ȱˣȻͿԻͷɱ
׷ôǱճҲһ
ǣΪëһˣ
ֶһǹӳʮףȴûˣճһʱɵۡ
ѵ´һִҲ̫д˰ɡ˻ͷҲԴܶԷ˰
棬ѶԸĻǸ˫ǹḶ́˵ӵͲϣӦٶȺͳٶ̫죬ҳ׼ҪҪѰ쵽
˫׳ʮǿ˵ֹѡӦǺܱزŶԡƫƫҲ棬õ˻졣
֪˵ʲô·ʲô
ճﰵпʱ򣬾ͼܵһͷһƫײ˹ȥ
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⳵̫ʱˣʱ侫׼ճոܹӾͳ˹
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ְͻȻһͺȣӦͣ½ŲƵʵô׷ˣٵȻ׷ˡ
׷ˣԱϢ´Ѿٵһᣬ߶߲ǸϿʰӣûϽϴְ˵ͷֿⱼȥ
û˵ְ֪ϴźŽԱΣգͻᷢϢ
ʱߣĲС
֯ȻֻˣӳĬĴ򿪺ֿ߽⣬ɫ˽һֱֱ򺣱ߣһСڵš
һϴͧ̿ʻãã
߳˵ÿ죬ҲûᣬǱȴ鷳ˡ
Ϊճб䣬Цת
Ѿϣȴֻбһˣʱһֱ׷ȥǻʲôӡ
ճ̫ɺˡ
ոձ׷СèҲǱһſճϾû̧ͷûӵС
۾ͨǰֱ׷ȴûƿȴͣճɱĿ
תͷһȴһ׷֯ѾӰͬˮͷ
Ȼתӡ
˼ҲǼ죬ȭȭܵ
ϲԼΣ֮¡
Եճ˶ǾУʱһȥӲƴֻ
һݻû£ֱܡ


205 ͵Ϯ
һ㶣ոܵճߣֶԸˣȴһ̾ˣȺУһС
ʲô״
û׷ǲ׷ߵճѾ˳ȥ
ıݺҪ׷ɱңʱܣ붼롣ճһ˾׷ȥڰ;ΣӾܵȺͷ׷
ͷ̫࣬Ҳǹֻƴ׷
֯˿ҿǹΪ⾯żȴǲΪ޹
ҺѧỢ˫ȭǺײ֮жٶҪȱ޿ϲ٣ֻǱʮףѾ׷Էߡ
ӵ㣿
ճͺһһ׷ϱޣһȭڵ㣬羢ƮɵϸҲһȭһƬն
һΣȭ⣬һɱ
ѵõıú󱳳ԼĻ顣
ȭܱ޸ճĶԹѾãԴճ蹷ǩȭԼʼ˾һֱʹıֶΡ
һǰ͸֯˵Ǿһ
ճﻹ㾯裬磬ټǿΣ֣ôҲܲǼֿġ
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Ҳˡ
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һأһӴɵ洫ȲرϣһֻֻӰֱӴڴȭͷ֮ϡ
Ȼ͵һǰ壬ߴӰǰ
žžȭŴը죬ǸߴӰһѪκˣץڵϵıޣȺʹȥ
˳ּ죬ֻһӾͷֳʤճҲֻǿ˸š
ܿƹȭȫסһȭôڽܿƵǰһѪֱȥ
û°ɣʱ˹ʵ
û£һСˣܿƿ˵ñءȭһֵſɲ˵ٵġתЦݣº͵˵ȴѪ˿Ȼˡ
ĨȥǵѪȴǺ⣬Цճüãǽܿư͵Ϯһս˵ȫʤҪǣҪĶ
Ҳһ˵ʹ֮һεѵӪûа취һ˹ʱȭʦİҲࡣ
ճȻԭǽܿȫνġʹ֮ᡱܹÿ˹ôҩ²ʲô򵥻ɫ
û˵Ļ˼ճҲ׵ģѵӪһͻͽĸ֣ȭʦȴпܶһ
ǣͬˡ
֯֡ʹ֮ᡱҩֱӾ͸ı˺ǵ֣˵þ޴
ֲ֯ʹõĻǵʵǿùݣ


206 ժ
ճɫˣ·ʲôЩЦ˵ӦǾ⡮ʹ֮ᡯȻô֯Ӧ˿ɵʵᣬû취ңҩҪض˲ܷôȭҩҲֻ𵽸ã𲻵á
Ļ⣬֪˵ģ˵ճġ
˿ɫͻȻ˵һ飬֪ˣҪԼǲֵģԺˡ
˵꿴һԶԶĻԪˣתȥƺ档
ճͷˮ֪˵ʲô˼һ´ܵһڲ磬ʲô˼
οһԼŮ
ʦ𣿡
һʮ꣬Ƕغʵʱ˹̽ͷ̽ԵĿ˿ȥķؿ˵
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ƣȻҾ͸ҵ˵㲻뿴
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ʦ㣬ʦ㣬ǧ𰡣ʦÿμҶѵңҲǲ°ʦұȣЩҼֱûˡæҾġ
ɫת磬ŷתճҾʦ֣ҿչ֯ѵӪһĴֵĴݣɱ˳
˿˵ȴִһЩУԼʦʲô˼ȴ֪ǰŻֱ·λ
ǰҪллˣҪ㿪Żһѣ˵Ѿ׷ˡ
ӦõӦõģʦ㰲һԣʵӦóģҵĹʵϲ̨棬ֻ취ȡඡƺܵ˵
ԼһŻнֵΪҲ⡣
Цճ˵ǷʦܣСǣѧ˹ҲĳԣںǺӰѧԺѧǸԬСͬѧء
˵ʱЦЦĿճһۣѡԬСáҧúء
ճεЦЦҲ֪ʲô˼ԬȷʵǸϲСãҲû˵æת㿴ԪЩ˹ˣ򶼴ˣǲ´İЧĹԵġ
ԪӰͳ޺˵Щȫû񵱻£ҪЦ
ԪʱڴôҲ벻ͨ֯ѵӪ˵Χ£ôճӳģ
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ŪһȫһˣͶ㲻ϡ
˿ճԺ󻹵¹һʵˣСӦʲôΪ֪ĵƣԽǵΣʱ̣Խᷢӳɫ
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Ǹ߻Ϸģճۡ
ȴһףͿ˻ԪĻѻ
˵ʲô·ٷĻһҲûţֻǰ˵Ԫͱװģˣҿ£´һ鸺ж鱨ȫˣôģճڲֿ棬ֶҲͰˣҵ𣿡
Ԫɫɫ̯˵ʦãˣôճҲҺʵûüԺλɺã
ǳϿҵǸճӾܷĶ⡣
˵ȫǼٻճЦһһ鳤λȨأͳԷˣܲ𡣡
û˼αŪְϷֱһھܾͬΪıǲҪĺá

Ԫһ¾ҲЦˣµҲ÷Ƣ
֮Ͱµδϱˣǰ֣ʧȣֻš
˵һ˳޵˵ǲһǱӲǱӣ۾۾֮ʧץŲŰɡˣ´жӦõ֯Ļɣһ鱣ܡ
˻һ䣬ֳͻȻͱó
ճ˿ԼеĺɫӣЦֱӰѺУʵôġ
ҲЦһ࣬ѺףŻԪŲʵôû˵´սƷϰߣֱһɣ⡮ʹ֮ᡯģһûж֣ʲô׶ûУҲ
ԪճѺӷŵУ֪ûϷˡ
ճУԴ´ţҪ
ǣܵһҲûнҪ
˵սƷҪһ飬ǲһǰսƷҪóƽأ
¸˵ͨ
µݰǣиȭһֵϵöԷû취
οԪﻹ˺ﻹĳ뷨


207 
Ԫ˼ǧתֻεЦȻʦöñǵȻǹˣոյĻֻ²£ںأǸ
Բ𣡡
Ǵʴʵ˳ͺ˵ȥ
Ԫ￴ûֱӴ˸ʹ뿪ˡ
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ƴһȥежԱ̽ңݣӷֲ٣˻ġ
´򿪺иǣװһ֧ҩĴָС͸װһֵɫҺ壬һξͷӨ⡣
ñ˵ʹ֮ԭǱܵģΪһҩ֯Ҳһֲ֯һѧ֯רоι༲⣬ӳЩҲǵõͻƣҲĳЩҰļҳͷ֯ɻ̸ɫģʵϰ
¿֧ҩЩ˵һ֧ȥ֮ǵһͲֱ붯֮УȻ͵ҩЧӡʲôãΪʲôʵҲ̫õʱҪһУӦûʲôķ
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ʵ֤ȭݵҽڼ䷢ճɹĲ˷ӣķϸܰš
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У˹ҩ̺֮ɨǣŮģҲŮģøãҡ̫ʡ
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ʵճо
ˣҩ˵˾ڴԣĳֶ
֯˵ٶȺ񾭷ӦƣӦһּǱܵҩˮ
Լǿľģ⣬п¸ܵҩ̼ͬЧ
ȻһеǰᣬΪճѧϰоƬѧϰһУģһС
˵ҲţֻеȵԼ˳ɹٸҲæ˵
СèСͼֵֹ飬èְèһֱ˵һнпܡ
Щʵһ˼άʽ²ȥ룬ԾͲͻơ
ǵҷע顣
һʱ伫ΪзԸţǴţƤˡ
ճӦľֹȴ˵Сè
ģճ½ɵģǲҪϲ㱦ذɣǷ𣿡Сèĳ˳£ճлš
ճһ죬СèôСѧһ׵ģƽǿʲôӰ
ӾܣȻ쿴ȥ֪ᱻɶء
СèγݵǺܿģ֪Լܹƽ֮ء
Сè۹гˣȻҲ˵Ĵ󻰣аŪʹ֮ᡣ
ǰûаգֻǵ˵ˣһ˵ʲôʱ򶼲˵У֧㡣Сè˵

ճԶԡ


208 Բ
ճһûŪףʵ´ôأԪֻһ鳤˵ֻǸƽƺźܴȨ
Щε˵ճ֪´ǹٷţȻȨܴƿÿɱȨ鷸ƵĽ־ŵһչϼŹϽصġԪ֮ԸôĿŵȨΪΪʱѵ
ʱ
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ֵ£Ԫ˹ݣһʧܣҲֲֻȱ©ûѵһ棬Լ
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ճǰһ취ðȵԼоʹ֮ĹãӦܰµĹƽһԪ˭ʤ˭ܻδ֪
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ģʧġ
ճһʲôˣҲЦֻҪ˶սûԪ̨ͻлᡣ
ڲŲҪоҩҲò˶ãСè˵ʱٸһϲ

ְʵְְǺռҵĳӡڷѧ֪Ϊʲô֯ͻ
ڰնûĵǣȴȫϡ
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ȥεĻִô죿ٿ۵ĻҵѪս²ҲûϷˡһɫΪǸûΣգܴһʣοˡ
ˣ־Ϳҵͷϰɡһж࣬ҲûʲôҪһģ֯似ȲҵļҴҪΪʹ֮ᣬͲˡְߵ
ǰմĲ̫ˣʲô϶ڲ֮أܴӣɲԽң
ˣҼҴؼôܽһˣҪǱ֪ҾͱػˡְæĻ
ͷСܣһ֯ҲСܾСܣѹ׵ıȴ̵ܽġ
ͷ϶ڲԭԶˣ˶ԵñɵҪҲᡣ
ְ˵˼䣬һ̲˴תתȺ֮в
ԶԶԶеļ֮ܵգһƲ𣿵һȫѧѪսõ֯ãʱѹһͷ㻹ʵ似
ְ֪һֱ̫ϵС˶ģֻһͷϻؼȥʴ硣
ճĲô£ڹڹƴ꣬˹̵ѪȻǹǹ˸ɸɾ̫ˣһ˽̹Բ


209 ⴫
ְˣ崫е似ȻһŹŹ֣ûȥúô
֪ǣճûѧʲôԲֻȫƾоƬɨ裬Ĳǹǰһ㵽ȱܿ
ְǹǶȹ죬ճܵĶҲŹȷȭβҲѹɡ
ܲ˵ְǹȷʮճžоƬɨ裬ҲӦ
㵽󣬼ϻһǹȻˣҲ֤Ųǿ
ճԲпְǹһë򲻵Ҳ̸вˡ
ϧǣһְȫ֪
ֻ֪Ĳ֮ر͵ѧǾ;öԷš
崫иͽЩһرϸĻҪӲŮôܹαѧȥ
ϵһǿĸڡ
ְͷϴ˸ñټϿ֣ȫϲˡ
ʱֵ磬˸⳵˭ҲûоռұԺ
ﲻռլֻǳһլ
үǴġΪģԼļҡ
ԼסΪһס÷ɢǻʲô壿ּˡ
ԣⶰӴլԺֻǳվõݼٵĵطҲ˷ѡ
վʮ־ȴûʲô̫Ϣүϲĺְȴ츳ˣҴİƣԲѾ˺ܸĵز
ȭԽúãԽǲҽүӵֻҪǻѧĶԽ
һְԼ˼棬ȴΪвѵԭ
ſڵıƺѾкְȻЩأûʡ
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⻰үүȥ˵ɣ
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С㣬ǰҲŸոͻƣ»͸¶ȥһиƻҪʵʩأָүװǹ£Ҳ롭ô࣬ո˵˭ģЦ֮
ռҵİǹǼ֮֮ںټĸڵΪ֮֮ԭǹ
۷ܸУھܸڵĴƴ
ԲжǹܹԽһԸˣ־޴ôҲĨƽģɲĲԺԣҲѧǹɵҲְһΪŭ
ְأĿ˿˵ȭݱ޴һˣʮ߰ģġ
ճԲԣгӽȭȭǸ
ְո˵һ룬ͱһʻúϲ£죬ôʱֳһ˵ô
㡭㣡
ְһԼҴ磬ô֪˳ӽȭ޴ֵģ
ȭֶ𺳸󣬵ʱڲֿ֮ճһȭޣȭ淢Թ⡣
ʱûΪʲô޻ٴУֵľʮ־˳һĵסģ
ԭȭⰡ
ǿֱ֮ͨ·һԿס
ְ̿ˮ۵֮ˣƽһɱ̬ʱȻ޴档
ճȭƽʱóʱǿģֻھȫעһʱܿ
˲֪һ㣬תȭϣƭޡ
ְոջعͲʶճ˭Żе𾪲⡣
ȴ֪ġ
ʱճȭݴ˹һ˺ɨˮһãںǵȦȫ֪ˣĸһ
ְ𾪵飬ɫҲ̫ÿ˵СǰʱںǴ˲СûȻ֪壡
һӺ԰һС߳һˣЩϣͷ˹ʵүҪˮ
ͷֻǶĹְүһְȴûʲô
ǣֻ㵱ȥ̽ճ֣ûзճѧƣԲ


210 һ˫
ûУү˵ҪΣߵʱݣ˵Ҳµ˳ϵһСÿڣɶԷɳָ̽óĽСӲûκθֻǻһɲֶΣӽȭҲѧġ
ͷĻش
˹ˣ
Լıӣü΢΢ţվ˼˼һᣬֹѵǺүӷˣٴİ˷ȭԲˣһǲ֪űֽճţȻүϲܷСӸ峤һģһ
ְһɫ䣬ʧʵճȻǶĶӣ˵屻׷ɱѸոµСŪ𣿶ҲΪɷɱСʧ٣ܲסʹѪôҵģ
ҲżȻģͬͬԴķϣҶûԸֻŷֽ˹øүеıһû̫ģû뵽ǴˡԴΪգ׺ݣЩˡ
үҪҪɶһЩˣԶ֣֣ʾ
Уճ϶ѾүӵУʱֻǻү˫ѪͨʱѾеһϸ˵ҲǳɹˡֻܶҲһùŭ˭ܵסһ
ͻȻ̧ͷĿ⾼ĿְЦС֣ܰһæԺҵõүǼȻһݡ
ôʲôʲôͰȥֵܼ𣿡ְظ֤һϵɽ»𺣵̬
˵Ƕ֮ҲԼѧķݣʲô˲ˡ
ţֵܣĳȥȻϸǣѶûϢսסһҪսĶСһ˿᣺˵һ̫ĴѶĿԼĶĿǺݶǵõճŵϢ϶ҵĳ衣
磬Ҹռ޵Уͨ籨ŶԸĶӣЩ̫׵ɣҪǱү֪ˣǡְţոպʲô¶ҸɵģѾʧ١
ôүڲУס̤طţ̫ƫˡҪǵõǾֿٽһҲѧһл̤뱧ǰж֪𣿿һȫҪճȥˣɫЩ
ãҸˣʱҪǵýĻǲҲѧһѧְһݣ¶˾ġ
ɱֲּ֯ó̫ޡ
ģٲġˣүӳ˫ȲߵϢҲҸųȥ֪
ְԼҴļƻˣ񣬵ͷ߳԰ñͿ֣ĵľͳռұլ
ְȥ˸ţ֪ʲô
ͳ徲ˮ裬ƺոյĽ̸δ

ճµ˷ֱ󣬾ͻص
޺֯ڴ֮ͥµĽ֣˿пӰ죬ճ֪´ֻôľû̫
ͨһ㶼ԿƼʮţۼһЩ˼ĶҲֻǸߺһⲻѧȻһЦ֮
ʵ࣬ҲֻǵݵӰ߸ɴΪǲ䶯ļš
ֵкܶ࣬ŵȴʵûм
ΨȦ˲ŻעЩ˿켣˽⵽̬
ճоͿνࡣ
ݼ߱ڳͷԱ¼ǽɱǾץС͵˻ҡ
ճֻܸ̾һ漣ʱͷߣȴû˻š
Щ£ֻ֪´;ֵĴУûʲôβͺܺá
ҪֱϣҲûȭѵӪʲôж׷
ҲܿԼҲ֪һò̫ص˻ȥ֮Ҳȥճ鷳
ﰵｻ꣬Ҳ˴εʧ´μӦûЦԣｻ档
ƢһºƽͣҲѵӪ鷳ˡ
һǽܿԳ͵ϮճֻȺĬĬĿţǵ
ҲЩԼԣֻΣյʱ򱣼ݻʱʱ̶̿չ˱
ϣͥԺճվ£ĬĬ״̬׼õġʹ֮ᡱҩ
µУʵҲҩﲻ֪ô£ãǺԥ˳һЩȵζ
־ٶճжͬʱҲ΢΢Щ˼
ܾԼŮ˸չˡ
ҪǿҪͳĶ㻹治ܲܣȻ㼱
±ģճһЦѷӵ˼Ժ󣬾׼֡
ΪҩӳãһֱȵԼȫָҲ״̬ǲһ⡣


211 ͻͽ
СèȥѩǿӰҪʼˡճóͲСĵĳƿҩҺ
ŲϡأƵġ
Сèһȥˡ
ճһûͲϡ
ȻúúСèĵʲôӣЩʵڲʺСӿùС
ͻϵһճԺ̸һ˶߶µóͲԼһӰ󣬸ԼǷǳ
ҡҡͷӰ˦ԺճҧҧǹܵɫٿһۣһԼӲ෽ϡ
ǻǵ˵ҩҪ붯ܷá
Ȼ˵붯뾲ʵҲû̫
һԭֹȣԭѾͨ˲ͬٲõһԼˡ
ҩո붯ճ͸о۾ЩͷҲκģƺǰ¹Զڲϵҡ
һſվȡ
ǿҩҲܿ졣ճﾪͬʱҲһЩǡ
Ǽҩɣôжĸоһ
һɾʹԺɽһճû۵ýг
ã
Ƕҩ
ճľҵһڸϿóشѶԽˣѲκãȻȵʴԾˣʱҲȥҽΡ
һȴ˵Уʹ֮ᡯѵӪһʱռȭݳµľӢȭཻ׵´Ǳһ꣬ŵõС᲻ã͸ңôΪҩͰ˷ѵأһʹӦҩﷴӦת̣
ͣĽкţԺݣԽԽۣһռϷ硣
ΪճоԼľתٶЩֲʵˣЩǲԼ
סˣ
һ˿ճʹͳеĻش
ûüãȴоԺͻȻһƺһţһ֫ٺӿ
ȫֽһݣȫƤзһʮѿ

ˮʹȫƤһڣճûסëȳѪ
ڸСѩСèŵӣ䲻һʹŵûһ顣
еңһӣһܽԺͿճѪĿʹڿ
ͷһΣûˤڵϣæסŲ࣬һ¾͵ˣ磬û°ɣ
ײײܹȥûܵһͣΪճѾֹͣкȫĲҲͣ
ƺûˣѵո߻ħ⻹ܴܲأ޴ĵлص
ĿиɴôĴеģǴƭԼ˵ǲСˤ˵ԼЦ˵
ϵס
Сͺܻĥ˼СѩܣȱҪࡣ
ճȭݵʱ򣬸տʼÿ˺ۣ͵͵ĶԼҩˮͬסһµô֪ܲ
ûҲŵõġ
ǣȻճ˵϶Ų˵ĵ
һֱװ֪׸ǲԼģԲ
ʱѹˣͶﰵᣬ۸硣
ʱҲøɵɵģȭôﵱ֮⣬ﻹܲ˷֡
ԹԵΪûСӦò֪
Σ˵ճȥȭݣ˴
ճи
֪ȴҲû˵һֱ֪Ϊ֪ճϣҲҵϣ
һʹʱЩĹճѪ飬ܡ
ǿסͷĵǣվԭؽסҪǰȥСè
ȥСèأҪŵ硣
СèɻĿ˿ճոһʱ䣬ʧȥճĸӦǰճȷΣգҲʹࡣƺѾӦճϢͬһȼԽԽ׳
СèصĻһϲá
ͷ飬СԼܸ췢֣˲
ճͷСèܳˣﰵգĵԼһɤӺʵ̫ûסȻе˶ܳѡ
뻹Сǵģʲô°
ոջĺʹûҩȻʹ֮ᣬʹҲҪʹɡճ˼ţһΪϲĶȴ÷ɿ졣
Ч
ȫȻʧոоԴƺһ촰صƽͨëܿĸоȴоϵƺҲЩ
ҵëźϢҲ˳ˣѵǻıˡ
ճЩȷ
֮СǷġ
Сģأոͻˣûסг
ճ۾ֿ죬ο
ȴû뵽ԼѪЦʮѿ
鿴ۡһЦ˳ˮûɣЦ滨꣬˵Ľޡ
϶ˣȥˮϴתһܽˡ
ճһ㶣õЦһ£ĵСѾˣЦ˰Ժ֪ĸСˡ
뵽ճʮֲζæͷԺ
ͷԼϣ׸ոС˵ʲô˼
ֻϺɫɫͬһ࣬ԼŶһȳŻ
ˮҪˮճ龰ͻȻû󲽾Ҫԡߡ
˺
ճԭأһ̫ȴǰѿӶˣճ󾽡СèһЦֱЩæȥڵ
ڣ
·ֳˡ
ճȦˡ
˺һᣬô£վԭػӳȭѲԼֱ۾ȻӳӰӡ
⣿ƽҪ࣬ҲƲסȸˡ
ٶȻü֮ʧصı֡
ѵҽĺܴ󣿾ôһСճϲǲţϲǡ
˲ԼԣȻϣѾ˼ı仯˾֮Եı仯ֱԼ۾
2.31.7ʣ1.2ݣ1.8
˾ֻ0.1֮⣬1.2ǵ1.7ǵȭ1700ȭҰ³Ҫٽ˰ڵĹ֡
ôݣճϲЩ˵
ֽʹ֮ᣬͺܸ߶˵ĶȻǷͬСɣҲǸԺд򿪵һĪĶйء
ֻһ棬0.3Ҳʲôݾˣֱ0.8Ƿ
Ƿʵ𾪡
Ҳѹָոһ˺ƿɣȫܲסԼֽˣԼͣù죬ûг
ճҲȫԼһںɫ״Ķʲôˡ
ڵ۹
ԴӷѪӵ¸ųһЩ۹֮ճһֱΪѾúûʲô
˵徻ǣҲϸɾǿ
û뵽ˡ
²ʶ»Ȼ
ʹ֮Ѫӵȫˣų۹˵ȥϸϸȽϣһۿȥ֪Զ
ԭǣ
2.21.2ʣ0.9ݣ1
һ¾ô࣬ٶȣ񾭷Ӧ˾޴Ȼ͹ܲסԼֽˡ
ȲæȥϴԡҲϤһУȻȻᵽԡ˵ʲôпܻһͷײǽڡ
˹ԭֻܳƵʵ²࣬ʹܹ֮֮ɨһҩǿɼһߡ
ճԭ򣬾һֲ֪ĲϣǱ֮ܽš
еٶС£ճϲǣоԼ񾭷ӦٶȿЩˡ
ʲô뷨Ըո´ָѾɡ
ͬոճȭ˳ȭͷȭͷѾƿյĴ˳ȥ
ûһ˿ӳ٣ûһ˿ͣͣޱȡ
ƽγȭĸоȫͬ
ָסù̶ĳȭ·
񾭷Ӧٵĺôǣȭ֮ʱһ룬;伸׾١
ȭšƿغͷӦĸӦ
ֻҪԺϤԼͻȻԣճԿ϶ȭֻüĽ
ܵԼõ˾޴ôճ¸һݸмھΡ
Ƿôˣʹ֮ҩҵ֮ϰ
ճ˷ܹЩͷ֪ԼĳŵЩ԰쵽
ֻǾ̼ԲЧõҩȴǴӾ̼ͬЩѽ⣬֪֯ôоģ
Ҳֻײҩɡ
ҪôҲõֽأ
ճš
ϴ壬ճһֱͻȻٶȣռҲָƽ
죬ճûгţһֱԺϤ壬ҲԶ֣ܻؼԡ
ҺѧУҲԶҲûеѧϰ

ʱѵճٶƿ壬Ҳһ취
ȻϵĴָ̼оӦᵽô
һֱڼ뻹ǲУȥ˵ҵ⣬Ǳؾ֮·
뵽ճ;ȥ£Ҫҩ֮򵽵Ķõȥ
ģҩѾˣЧܺãлҪǿճ˸绰ȥ
ϴθѵӪЩ˺ЩӲ̫ȥȭݣԾͻص´칫ˣҪ𣿡µܻ죬ճ绰ƺܸˡ
õģһᣬһĥһ㶫á
ͱЦˣҩǺܶ֯ûģ³ġЦ˵
Ȼ֪ˣ绰˵ճ˵绰Ϳȥ´
´ռ˳һƬ̻ܺõԺӣռʮֿ㣬ȭִ¥ȣȫַ
ֽϾûж¥ȫһ㣬ĳԵЩ˷ѡ
ٷ֯Ͼǹٷ
һ´һֵ͵ݻ
ճҵİ칫Ժ䣬ֱ˽ȥ
鲻Ϊ鱨С飬ԱȫĿճûһ˿⡣
Ȼ֪ճʲôˣҲ֪ճ鳤ʲôĹϵ
˲ʣֻǵš
Щ˳ճЦЦ
ճо߽߽ѵļһоܲ


212 һ
սԺûճͼһŻɫ׵Ů˳Сƻ
ճô͸˰Ƕ´ˣ㶼ûæͻ㰡
һ˵ճһʱû졣ңһЩͳƷȷҪ˰֡
һ鳤ңôˣбҪԼҲֲ´ˡ
Ȼô룬Ȼô˵
ճֻЦ˵м£ûꡣ˵ˣǰҲ˵һҾҲ֪
ߺ׷鳤ֲģʲôҪ˼ҹͲһӵȡõͦ𣬵ʱ˵ʵֱ̫˿Цá
ճ֪ô˵ֻεЦЦʵأôѵȥˣ
鳤ھͷСԺŪءܾûԺˣԺĻݲȫήˣ鳤һۣⲻڽˮء
ӵҲû׷ŵĻһֱ˵ȥ˵Ҳпġ
˵ֱ̫ˣֱ˹ģƤһ㻹ûĵճѹӵĻֱ˳ָȥ
Ժ֮йȻһϮӰӦ¡ճӸһ˽ȥ
ճվſڣСĸǼ꺣ˮʮůƽıȻͬһֶصľ
֦ҶϹˮӳ⣬߲ʵĹâˡ⻨⾰˳
վԭأĿţе㲻õһĻ
˶վſʲô
»ͷճЦЦ۾ʱû۾۾΢΢͸һ˵⣬ճֱоܲˡ
ƺ֪Լ۾ŷŵɣƽܻһƽڿ۾Աϡ
ȻĻƾһЦǷǵ۾º˻´鳤Ҳûˡ
ңôûæ
ճЩε˵
ɲ·ָոôһԼȻڰYYԷҲǸʹ֮ѪǣֻʱĴҩԵ̫࣬Ǵƺһƽûֵͷ
ճе죬ɫ΢ɲĺ˺죬ճһۣ˵Ӧҩɣô˼ţ˵˵ʲôɹûУ
кܴЧѹֿ˹ܹһ֮ͻͽҩʵѵõıܹ˵Ļʵǿϧֻһ֧Ҫٶһ֧ͺˣҲԳһ¡ճЩź
˶֪ʵҪٶȣ񾭷Ӧʵǻʵȭкͱʽ־ڼʵ
Ҫ֪ʵǸκ似Ϸӻ仰˵ʹ֮ǴӸ˵õ
ճʵԼԶʳһֱЩ˼еźϧ¶ˣƺЩ
ֻЦ˵ȭݾˣѵӪƽƹȭϵͳһܰеȨѾһִʹ֮ҺʣаգҪʲô︺
ճܸоƺһЩУûȭʱӢ֮ظŲٲ´ˣ
£ҸоƺƽǷʲô𣿡
ûʲô£ֻǽ칫ң˸ոռ´龰Щдˡ¾ˮϴϴ֣ճ¡
ƺԲƫãÿμܿ裬һݸճЩ˵ʱȭݻҶƹܣ´ҲûлԪҰļˣһжܺáҲҪںǸһ£ǲ˵־ΪתƣȭƿȨ˶ȥ´ҲҲꡣ
˵Щʧ䣺ųȭһ֣ܶ˶˵пܼ֮ھͱɹȥˣȻûӰӣȴһĶˡһؼȭóȭ⣬ܻ²˾ӵ´֮λ
Ѿж֮˭ְ᲻ţճֻ
Щɵ˵ճҲ´ˣ᲻ʧ
ճ￩һµķˣԭ´Ľѡʣ϶ǻԪǱȡʲôչȻһ˿ᶼûС
Щ᲻ĵطɡ
ΪҲ֪ƾԪԸһƿȨ֣¾ͻѲԼȫȥ
ҪôӣҪôκһλôġ
ճЩգҲ̫ʧܹ´ȻãܵĻҲû̫ϵԪҲ꣬Ҳ˸һֻϣ˲Ҫ̫ݣճһ˿⡣
Щʧ£ճο˵㲻´飬ʵҲõģܹиʱΪһ׼
˵ȤˣƤգգۣʵ˵˰죬㻹û㵽оʲô˲õĶأҪԣ
ճо¾һãʲôʱձո˵ЩصĻ⣬̾תѧȥˣӵճ
ʵ֮ӦǰҲճܹоʲôеó
ˣճֱġ
оľģⷨЧȴ֤Ҳûһγɹܹзͺܲ
ƽ⣬֯ôѧоҩȻһƽġ
ǺþûнСͷˣԺܿвճԾԾԵӡ
ã
Ҳϻ뵽ӡ
Զһվ֮ŵԷϢһ㶼ܱܵ
ճȴǺһйͻУˡ
ʱǰͲһŮˣһ֣һõ
Ȼһεֲ£ճĹ롣
˫֣޲˫֣Ĵȥ
˫ֽӣȫһճодܣֹȻǺܴȴϸ壬һ˵
ȭص㣬޿룬ϸ೤
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ճ΢΢۾µҲ䣬ӦԵǡôľͰµ˽ȥ
ΧһУİӿȫӳУⷽԲ֮ؾͬȼգܡ
ֻоԼô·ţ뺣Ϣճ˫־ͬһƬôҲߣľҲ÷񣬵ȴޱȵĿ㲩
û뵽ûȻ˵زˣָоֻڵйᣬѵѾ𣿡žϸ΢𾪡
ͻȻ䣬¾һ䣬Ժʱʱ̿ĳһ¾ʧոջΧߣŵҲܲ㣬ůůҲˡ
ô£ͷΣʹ
¸о֫ٺһʹԺ֮һطǱ֮ƺһôͷ­ȴƫƫ۾ҲҲв
ͬһ̾Ҫȥһ㡣
ͬʣͷ󺹵ȫһϹỊ̄ƺҪһɴӿ𣬾Ͱճ˫ֵһʽ֣ʹճǰ˿ȥ
µ۾һ۾ͼճĺˣɫ԰ףϻź飬ŷָոô¡
æȥһѾͷס˵ճû°ɣҸոƺ˺ôûд㣿
ûˣȡȿȡ
ճ޷֮һУûò
³֮ʱʶٶûϴ羢ȼɣȻʵʵڵһУ϶ˡ
Ҫľ;ȫµϣûйעʧȥ˶ķ
Ȼһ˲䱬ǿҲһԭ
ճû£²һĿԼոȥѪɫ˫ۣʧ٣ûиոֺ޵޻ƿһеĸоⲨÿҲȥÿ졣
һ񰡣ճЩɥӦøоȫѪҺ͹𶯣żµʹɣǿʼסһܼһᣬ߾ǿһЩܴԺһȴţҩáҵٶȶ˼Կûʲô仯˵仰ճֿոܵһ𶯷θһʱЩ
ճܵӣæţ˳ȴ˵ûУˣôһоȫǣʧȥ֪ҲþͲôһͻӭɱ䡣
ȴû̫ʧ䣬𾪼ˣϸĿճƺҪϿһ仨
ճͻƻ𣿸оʵǿö࣬ҵľȫѹˡ
ûУʵҵľȻǰڣޱ仯ٶȡзӦȫǿе츳ˡ
һ˿ۣת˲ʧֻϵ޵оһЩõĶȫ󲿷ֹҺ֯ȥҸоӦƿػִ߻ܱ仯ǿһ㣬˵ղѾɹˡ
ճЦһٴһ̸ס
ָĴ߻ʵӴľ
ҪﵽϸزճҪﵽ3.0ϵľôܣ֪Ҫʲôʱһ˵ʱᶼѾˣ˵¸Ԫһº´һְ
ûͷ
Ҵ˶ò鳤Ԫˡӵ
˸ոͼԺſڽһˣǻԪʱڳ
˽һ۾Ϳճı඼ճˣ㷢Ĵճǰ̬Ϊǡ
ʲô״
ĻԪɵˡ
ŽĹҲʮ⣬ĺǺЦҾ˵Ҵɣ㿴ʹŵ鳤ʱ˲ǣû¡
˵úܣֱܰѪ


213 â¶ϣ
ԪӵĻɫһ¾ͺˣָճŭ£յСôܵ´ˣǰ칫ĵطɲһЩ߰顣
һĵ˵鳤Ūˣ飬һأ
죡Ԫŭ
ű죡վֱ壬ŻԪҲˣʲôʱֵǳˣȥ˭ģ
㡭
ԪûѪһֱµڶϱʱ˺ǳԼ
ҲƽƢΪ㿴˳۵ˣҲһ㲻˶ӣԻԪһֱԼźܴᡣ
û˵²ʣûԪ϶¾ģʱͲôһ£ܲŭڡ
㣬㾹ȻҸңʵ̫ˣŮ˳ףǻҶˡ
⻰ŵŴ죬Ԫͬһһ㣬ôҲû뵽ԷﾹȻ˵ֻ
ճò״һţ㿴ˣԪȫΪǵԸԹ·ڲͬ
²ûʲôԼȴµԼϱȻ˵¶ˣֵá
ճЦ˳Ҳ˻ԪɱһĿ⣬˵´⣬ʵǳ˼ʶҿƤܱȳǽҪء
·߷ߵ˵Ҳ֪˷ʲô񾭣ճĸһϵûУȫ˵Ի
㣬ھֵʱҾͷ˾̫ʱ˵㲻ظأ˵ӽȭʧΪˮֵ¼ץҶ
ճ˵ʵ̲סЦ
ճ˵ȤŭҲ˲٣һʱûסꡱһЦ
ᴷճһȭῴЦôûа¸ң
ĸ˵ʵ̫죬һŻԼأŪףԭһǳһΡ
Ԫһ߳ŭҪγѪݺݵĶճ˵ããΣȹһƿغ´֪ǲˡʱ˺죬Ҿû֡
ջǺðհɡԣûҵϡƾʲôһƿغ´̫˰ɡһ鳤ôĿճҲ
Ѹոհο²´Ҳν˵ȫˣѾҪȫµ´֮λ
´ûԪֱӵδҲ취¸ˡ
Ѿ˽ԹͲ˱ܣҪӭͷʹУȻںһĶֵϣա
Ԫﱻ⻰µɫѪ죬ʱôСӣǰַȵ뷨Ҳ׶ŭһ
ǰһͿףͷһ¡¡ͬͷײ˹
һοɲھУʱԪʵôճΪֻһСӣȡɲȡһֵĶԴ
һأȴѹ׵ֱ£˼ȭ֮ɽǰСӻǼоʹˡ
ҵġɽΪԭʼпᣬҲǼ󣬴һʼϰײȵײʮſŴ֮󣬾ȥײǽڣúֱײɽʯڡ
ԪѧԨԴʮֿ̿࣬ĵطǶʯѱײΰӣ˼žз
ԣԼʵżţû䡣
һײ֮£ͬһɽ㵹µУԪĹûȥӦԷѰ
Ԫƽﵥȭǧٽȫм粿һǧ˰ٽǱ似
ӸǱŵò㾪гԹ̫⣬Ҳ֪һеʮӴ
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ճתĶͣת˻ȥҲ죬ȻúܡתĶһУͬһʮɺϣ˴ȻһԶ
һ㶣ȴû뵽ֽ
ϳֺܿ죬ޱȣǹȥĶȴԷתĶܵһɶֵ·û˵㣬ﶸȻһ֮顣
߹ʺ˰ɡһ˿꣬ǲа
һһ࣬չءһֱģɨǡޡ
ճ˻ˣĵģڸѧű
ƫƫһԼͷƯΪռϷ磬
ճе㷳꣬һѵ֣ټϼͷڲҪĴʵ̫Ӱˡ
Ȼǽδֻ̧ĴǰڶԷĵ֮ϣƺȫû
ҲȷûʲôֻǸԷõ࣬ȭٽﲻ
һǵ޻˹͸оͻȻ̶һӴǰһϣһʧĵľͳǰһͷȥ
ȲסΣ˫裬Ҫ
ͷֻǼΪƳ̫ȭͻȻͱĲǰĲȭģʱͻȻɽ룬˫˲ת䡣
ճϾͻȻһգһ𣬺ٺЦ˵ɰɣ
Ӧ׷ɡ
Ŭֺ˵ճͳȥһͲڿշ
ˤףۼñݺݵľҪڵϣһο¾ͻ˵ùǺ
ճһˮһͳף־׽ס߸Ųӣһ˦ͰѶԷˤ÷ֱڵվ
õĶһӶ࣬һ٣ոհ˦һĸͷû˵һ˿
صȸβץŲӵҲǸ̽ѧѵճճͷͬԸ
ʱȲչҲۣʮá
һ죬ץסһ֮£ͳľż
ճȭǺһЦ˵ˣǡ
˵ת԰ȥ
ֻһССûзϡ
һȴҲû˽ˣ԰һǱðޱȣ㿴ңҿ㣬ȫһȻ
վʧǡ
뱾Ž̽СôˣַӾͱ˽ˡҶԷûа̻Ҫ赭дж赭д
ͷֿճȥıӰͻȻ䣬˵鶼ûˣֻĬĬĵͷ
Ÿո˽һĻ龰ͷоϻģոһĳˣȻһ仰ûлأȻ߳ܡ
Լ̫ȭôƯƺʲô¡


219 ̫
ȴСһ˴ˣȻûˣȴ˻𾪡
ֻ֤Ǹ˱ʵߵ̫࣬ȫ߱ɱԡ
ͬ˴Сһڡ
Ҳ벻ģͷ죬밲οһȴֲ֪ô˵ڣֻ̾һ
һ˵Ҳۻ˰ɣȻˣܵѿô
ǰΪҴһûȭ˼ҲȭֻһƱѡ
ճȭ⼸ͷȫ֪ôˣ˵ѿЩѿ˵жܴǻܴͦ
ж߲һУʵ̫˳Ծˡ
ȫתһͷѵ̫ȭĲҪ׷ۣ˵ǶԵģȫѧˡ
ʵˡ
ĲҰҲȷ˴۾ʵ֤ÿȭ򲻹ˣûá
ֻɱУˣôܹס
ճɴܣоԼ嶼ûԷѾſˣȻһСˬȴ塣
ĳȥȴ˼Ÿոյջ
ǰȭѧȭǶű˵ľȥѧȴû뵽һЩȭҲżô
ʽʮʽ򻯰棬Ȼûжʵսֵȭ̺ȭ˼룬ȴҲǸ
ȻЩ˴ȭû̫ȭص˾ʹţϾʵս̫ıÿһÿһʽΪѧ泩ޱȡ
ϸ˵ϰȭʱȴľ׮һߴȭһ˼άŷɡ
ǰȴˣͨͨһЩȭۣܲȴҲźܴİأ֪ǰӦоƬѧϰɽ֮ʯԹȭоƬһ£ͱɱ˾޴󣬷Ҳǿһֶȭ־ϲʵ̫޴ˡ
ճﰵǰ̫ƫˣԼоƬûзӳеáȷʵûҪֻżΪĹȥѧ
Ȼһɰٴڻͨĵ·Ӧ첻ɣʲôѧ
ЩΪɵȻܹõܶ˵׷ȻĹ֮
ѧ֮پоƬӹͻģ
ͨͨһЩʳģ̾ͻһʳ
һܺõĵ·ǰ;ûоͷ
ճϲ
ݺݵƫͷ˼ϵСèһڣҽһȻǵö࿴ߣָʲôʱ򡣡
ճףˮˣҪ½״ȥ˵СŮ
ճȻܲ˵Сèֻһֻèɣģ𻹲ܽ⿪ӡ飬ֻõǸ˭СèôϲأͰ½ˡ
ճѾûнڲˣôһ壬Сèͺܸˣë޵Դ˲ճĲӣĺ߳
СèɰģճЦӰڳӳӰӣԶȥ
ȴûз֣ԶԶиźڰ˶βŮһϲֻŹ԰ĵطš
ջֻϸϸĿ£˵úϲ£졣
ʳܼ˧磬̫ȭð˵˾ͷˣӰݵһ硣Ƶ̳ϹǵĹۣ
βŮЦţһ㶼֡
ĵ˵ָͰѸո¼̫ȭ淢ȥȡһ˵ı⣺̫磬һ˵֣
ƵһϺӰѧԺ̳̾˵Χۡ
ҾǶ¥
ۣ̫磬ú˧¥󹴴
Pİɣһ׶࣬ⲻѧ
¥⣬ޱ⵳ˡ
ûʶĵӰƵúǲУθжܲϧݹ׷ʵսûԱϴۣӾЧһ㣬԰ɡ
ӰʲôʱӳҵȤ
¥Ĺ¥ˣβŮ۾ԲˣȴҲûа취
ڵô⣬¥ỹǵᣬϾѧУıרҵǵӰѧԺ仰뱾СҪʵսôҲܡ
˵ĵĹ԰͵ģǰȭ͵ıȻǾӹĶ
ͨ˵ĹˣôҲһЩĶ
ճֶ֪һ̫硱źţмѧ˵˧Ҫ֪϶ܿġ
ճţо԰еһĻƺеõ˸ҪĶƺ²ܴԺеһйء
ճ꼸̫򻯰棬һЩ²⣬ȭȭԼȻܴӸõǱܽǾֻܴȭ֡
лһΪؼ⣬ûͨ
ûͨβƿǱճܾоǰ벻ף벻ͨ
ʱȥ£Ժеţܲܳɹأôܴȭ֣һ⡣
ճ˼ţ֪ߵһСͳС
϶ãоЩڿʡһƿˮһµ˸⣬Ÿо
߳Уȴֽѧˡ
һ鸴ӵ˵ԬѧĹƴôˣֺαѧһЩóĶأȻͻСҲô˷ʱ䰡
ǣʱ䣬ȥӰסֻҪƬһܹԽԽ졣
ϧҲֻǿѣԬѡȥѧȭȻ뷨˵ΪһϷǰϰһʮƴˣһΪݺýɫ׷ϧݼеοҲԭˡ
ҲԬͬѧǣճֹ


220 磨ϣ
ճ۷׷ף̧ͷ⣬ֻԶľɭɭӳ£¶һǵİɫ¥ԭѾܵӰѧԺԱˡ
һŷ־̷ӦȥԬһ۾ϳǺӰѧԺ
ճҵıѧԺ뺣ӰѧԺԶճܲӣȻ⸽
⼸˻˼Ԭȥѧ䣬ѧУ硣
ʲô°ճЩˡ
СѾͷΪʲôԼأѧУľѧʲô
רŵΪӰ׼ѧϰΪһúÿݵӰõĶ׷ָۣƶһԱֻܰЩþͳɡ
ѵʱ䷢˲Ϊ֪飿˵Ԭ۸ˣѧϰȥҸӡ
ҡҡԴճЩ뷨Ժ뻹ȥɣӰѧԺǰ治Զ
ԼӦԬҪȥģղײգʱȥѧУ
СèԬ𣿡
ճЦʵ
밡ҵĹ𻨸ɺóˣճҪȥ𣬴绰׼㣬ˡСèе
ԻԬҪܶġҪʲôǣɡûа취Сèճֻһʱ䣬ѡ˼ֿζɿǮӰѧԺȥ
СèζɿոԸ뷨ȫûˣֻкںɫǹʮ㣬ʱʱġءһ
ո߹ӰѧԺ¥Աߣͼѧȫһȥȫ˷ɫ
ճĿ˹ȥѧǿɣľȻȥϿΣѧɵ߶
תһˡ
Ԭ˵ӰѧԺΪޱݵĽ϶࣬ÿ˷չķֶͬЩϲ裬ЩϲϷЩϲѧݡ
ѧʲôγ̣ѧԺʦӲҪһȫƾԼ
ڻиеʱ򻹱ѧϰĳЩγ̣˴ѧ˲ͬ
ЩǵһЩУ˹ЩȽ飬ѡĽѧƸĸӰѧԺһ
ֻҪܿ㹻ѧ֣ͿԱҵѧԺʱڣһÿζҲС
ȻҲûĸܹϿξѧ־ˡ
ϾҪѧֻ֪֪֮֮ڴ˵в˵ʵճû
㺣ӰѧԺѧϰΧɣִģĲϿΣȥһֵΪҲ̫ˡ
ճô˵ҲһˣȻƫأϲֵԣһҲȱ١
֮䣬Ҳѧǰ
㣬˾͸ϲϺþˣСոմ绰˵ѧԺȭ糤Ѻͼһȥ߹ˣһѧԺﺫȥӣ鷳ˡ
ǰһӱ߱ĵ˵֪ƺŻѧܲܵסǣ
ҿС˵ѧ֮ǰʦӺʵսһĽʦȻԶԶȲʦֳǰ㾪žޣҲѵõĸ֡ȭſıݣ׺ľ壬ڰգ߻ʱ˺ֽƬһɣ湦򡣡
ԱǸһѿ˵
ңѵǾŻȭͲ˲ɣһȭܴڴֵľۼȭ곤ëģʵҲǺ۸ġ˵зѧƽﲻ̫ףӽȭȴҲǳصģҶʣС˵ûǾӽȭġ
ճӺˣ˵֣ǰͼڱ֯˺ͱ׷ɱʱŻеǸ˾ˡ
˵ʦܣҲͽܣΪϲϷȻѧһ򣬵ǼֿӰѧԺ
ȻԷƵʮֲ⣬ô˵Ҳȭһֵ״ӣЩ汾¡
ϵճȴòȥˣǰ漸˵ȭݺͼҲЩĵġ
ȭճҲ˵ģš벽ȭ¡ʦĴ˵
ȭǱɼΪ׺һȭ¸̬һȭʱһǰнˡ
Ǳȭȭȫǹȭ
ŻǱȭʵβȭͷڴֵļΪӲʵʵѾܲˡƶʵӦõ۷Ľ׶ΣʵƶҪǿһ㡣
ǰĨһѶϵ麹ΪߵüʱѾЩô˵ǻеô򣬺ö˶˵ģôʹأһ£ѧԺʦᱻǻ¡
˵ΪԬѧá
ʲô°ԬѧΪ˺ܺõģˣôǣȥˡ
Ͳ֪ˡƺǸϢͨúܣص˵Ԭѧѧҵʮ죬ҲûҪϿΣ϶ʱ˵һϷǺ쵼ݵĴͶڵĴƬҪһոǿŮҪѧһЩʵս򣬾ȥȭѧϰ
ŮҪѧҲѧ򰡣ôȥȭˣ
ǻǵǳ𣬺ˣһ쵽ڴȭԬܾͱƭϵˣȥѧ˰ӵĸ
Ҳѹ֣ȭˣ˧߸𣬻ڳƣΪѡأ·м˵ƫƫô˱ǵĹ߽صȭ֮УΪƸʵҿǸͱȲǵ


221 磨£
Ǹ˰ճһ֣ԬѧȭĹ֮ǰˣѧӦԭ
ʱĹʱԬЮ֣һײͳ˹غ«ȫûл֮
ֲģӦñԬУԶȭĴ
밡ȭ߶ξôɫԼҲȥѧѧʲôأ
ܾһ֮ԬѧˣΪճһȭɽţޱȡ
ʲô±Ƚϡ
ճұ˭֪ôѡҲ֪ѧʲô
ԭĸԴϡ
ճˡ
ȻӾ͵˵϶ʱ䣬ԬѧԺ֮ȻͲѧȭˣҴ˻ԱȻ뾫ѧϰӽȭ˵ȭҲѧ֣Ŀɴء
ûһЦ
仰򣬾ݣ½½Ϣѧȥ
߹ݵ˲١
ճǰȥ˶ڵţ۷׷׵ĿſڣȻȭѺͼһɻû
Զ̨ԱһЩɫѧʱɫصʲô
ڣԬҲڳ
ճҲȥԬкѵÿȭȷȭ档
оƬֱһݵͣѧ˵
ڰæȭսѧ䣬ճû뷨ֻСӴ֡
֪䣬ճҲһֵԾˡ
ΪʲôӰѧԺձͺѧЩֲס
˵ӰѧԺ̫Ӧϰȭŵ֣ûʲôֵѧϰġ
ҪѧݼԼҵĵӰѧԺҲ٣ĻϿһЩѧԺƺһЩ
뵽ʣճյǰʵλͬѧǰ˵ѺͿһƺǺ֣ôܵӰѧԺأ
ֵһ꼶ɣӿճһۣ䲻Ҳ֣һ꼶Щ黹֪Ҳѹ벻סӰѧԺȻֻһӰѧԺ似ûʲôԽ̣ѧԺȴһŵ㣬ѧġ
ŶճԼǺӰһҲϣЦеġ
Ҹ㣬⴫ȻԺ˾ͻԽԽˡ
ҿ϶˵ȥճЦ˵
Ǻǣʵ˵ȥҲⲻǺܴϹˡЩ˼ϰԵĽ˱ܣû¸Ͳñܣ֪Ӧȫ֪ˡ
ӰѧԺɽѧ԰˵ĵطΪܶǣѧԺžɽѧԺÿ궼ӺӰѧԺѡѧɽѧ԰ձ˺ͺ˾ǳġӺ̸ܽ˵ÿĭģɡ
Խ˵˵Խ𾢡
ɽѧ԰ʲôôЩ˵ȥϴμɽѧ԰ˣǸ߰ģճĳŻѣװԻģ
ȷЩ⡣
ôɴءͣſһȺÿ߽
ǰһ˿ӢΣ·ʱԴ΢΢һĿڶģճˣǳ
ܿǻճһڡ
ûʲôʵ˶ĵĵطЩΪǡԬߵ۶ԷǲֱǸţƤǡ
Ϊ£ԡ
ϸƤ߸֣ռ˺֡
ϸͲ˵ˣĸûеġ
׷ŮճʵЩԬԸãײͽ˴ˡ
ѣѣͻȻȺһճ̧ͷȥ󲿷ֽк˶ȭɫԭȭںӰѧԺгźܶӵߡ
ճһŭڻĸУУôϲ似ʵѹ
ںֻռֳѧһС룬֤ͬѧ򻪹ġ
ոţͼ˶кԬԬ
ðɣЩֵԬģǶԻġ
ΪʲôûΪȲʴһˣʲô°
ճԶɫҺڣ֪ܴˡ
ڻȫȭȥʵΣ߻ԬȻ̫ˡ
ӻعͷճһۣһȻΪˣΪʹ򲻹ʦͽܣƾŻͷƸͲĶ֣Ҳûõġ˵߹ݵĻձֿһˣ˵ʵսˮƽѻҪ
ʦͽܣǷƲҲôͲʵأճ״ӣȭһֵȺʵսһʦҲ࣬ǵĵôִѵǡĺк
Ʋ֪ѧЩӽȭʦ˭ʦôû˵ɻ
ճ鷽ʦ˭û֪Ҳ˵һزͲñˡ
Ƶʵֻڣͷϵʱ򣬸Ͳϳ׷ֻ֣ǿŻҡ
ԼҲ֪ӽӣôͽʵǲôˡ
һֺһžĴԬҲƲ۾
ȭȴֻǿŻͷˣǴӯӯЦݣô˷
ߵĿһɣ͸ĮΧѧķӦƺܲġ
ʦֱɽѧ԰ѧĽ˵ѧɽѧ԰Ϊǿң߸жʮ˼ҸУЩµȫȥ̾
ֻҪȥҲȥһɵ˵
˵Ŀȷġ
Ƕ߹ݣһºӰӣѺͿһҲǲôĵģδʤ̣Ҳɽѧ԰ѧҪĿʵΪ˽ɽѧ԰ơ
Ǽѧ԰֣ɼҲֻҪܴӮ־ܽ롣ȻÿڱУѧ֮ҶͶƱ˵ǿԣʤˣϾˡ
һɶԽսȤֻҪܲȵͺӰ磬򵹾֣ܵõһ׼ʮش
ڳǹҳӣֻһڡ
ȻҲġ
ʦֳʮֳݣζŸʦֽŲɽѧ԰˵ɽǸĻᣬĻᣬǽλ棬ܵõʦ˽ȭѾǺܴջˡ
Ȼʮֿȴô룬ܶѧһЩ似ǺҪġ
֮ǰʦͶʦֵܶǵ͵ˣߵ£ܹõҪ
һˣһֱרѧŻΪڲԾʱ༸ְա
ɽѧ԰ѧ⣬˲Ҳ࣬ϾȫŵʽͿʦĽΣҲѧ̨ͬʱͲо
һȻսŻưþû֣ҵʶһ¡
ãȻǾͱһȣ˭̵ʱǡ˭ҪˣͰһȻһƺû䡣
˶ʮ㣬ԱߵĳҲЦ֣ɾ군ˣǵ϶ǼԬСôϲҲٸһЩʧѧϰʱ򻹵ûͷѧȭ
һЦЦ˵ʦֳںôҪȥλġǷλ˵ʮΣգ㲻ȥҲʮǰΪʲôҪȥأ
ʦһ䣬ֻԼǿһˣôܷŹѧϰĻ᣿ҵǺ֣һЩҸ֣ȫԸȥλ磬ô̰ôɸ似
ţλ汻ȡҴյ۹õ̫źˡҪ˵òҪȴ̫ࡣһ׺ݵ˵ãǰѧҾͽѵһЩˣҲ֪ĻʵͲλͨ
Ҳǵͷһһļں̫󣬱ʵҲǿòʧƺŻʲô⣬ҲðǴˣʱۡ
׼ھͷˣǰɽѧ԰ľ֣߳ܵһڣʦ
Ԭ˳ȭת뾫磬һܺõĽڣңӦ룬Ǿ
ֻһǣûʲô˲˭Ҳ̫ȴи˲ĵܵܳȴһܺõĵơ
ǵĻ϶ʮԩ
ֻΪԬȭ뾫磬ӭǿֵսʵû˵
ڣҪѹ磬ȵð糤ȴſ£ȻǴƽ֣ҲܸıԬ⡣
ΨһģǴǰսˣһξʧܣȻʦ϶ҵȡư޷ڵһ˿⣬ЦʧȻˡ
ԬЦݵǰȥ˵ԬС㣬Ҫѧ񶷼ʵսȭֺۣαѧЩأǲ̫ϲϹҲѧĿֵǳ׺Ʈݣʲôƨ⡢ӽҪõöࡣ
Ԭû˵Ż̲סˡ
Ǿ糤һȭںӰѧԺһһĸ֣Ϊεɽѧ԰ȥˡ
ƽҲ̹ͽܣԼָΪԵã񱻳˵ɹƨôܲ
ȭԬѧϰΪǵȭ⣬ֲñˣȻҾ£
Żһװ壬ĺǸߴǰһ־ͳץȥҪúýѵڳԵļһ
ȻԳȭ߶Σʵ϶սϡɵúܣŻƱˣץƿŵæˣ񾪿֡
Χ˺ôЦ
˿ܴ󣬿ӽҶΪǸ֣û뵽ԭǸݰ
ŻһƲȭ˵ɹƨھͳƨ
Ͳ⳵ô㣬һץȥץ˳ļһ̾ҪѶԷӳȥ
ȴʱһ硰ءһŻһ۽ⷢһӰԱ߳絶Լ󴦡
һҲ˲ȥץһȵȥ
䡱һһɾϮŻŵŵšվȡ
̧ͷȥȴûԶȴѾܵ˸ǰ
һȰѳ
ǿ
Żľ˵˿ӽȭҪ𣿡
΢΢ɹЦں˵ôˣҲǵȭôţԺ⾫绹ǽɢ˰ɣûҪڡ


222 һϣ
ˣҵģɡǴùң⾫ĳȭҲԡŻȻЩɵ˶ԷԼıȭҲġ
ѧԺȭȻʶȭѧȥǾôҲ
£ͬһѧԺܲΪ˼һЩȥ鷳
ŻﲻҲûа취һ˺þãԷ£óһڶ
룡Żڳƣ˫Ŀ
ŤŤ΢࣬ҽߵͷٻ¡
ŤŤӣЦݵĶŻ˵ɣʲô¾óȻ㻹ûüþͰˡ
һЩСŮڽкò˵Ŵ׵ȹˣ˧ĶȷǺ
ˣˣ֪˭Ӯ
ҿѣȽ˧
㻨հѵҾŻ϶Ӯȭġ
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ǰ˸Ȼߵÿ硱죬еĲмֱˡ
ƺıʱЩŤˡﲢûʲôģӲͷƤǰȴ衣
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ӰСˣһ˵ͷԾͻԵúܺʹ
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ձŷҾбҲ˼
ԣֵȭӽȭڹҪöࡣ
ҵû˵ӽ֡
ǵС룬üӰѻƹ㣬ŪЩ⻹Ϊȫǻȭȣϲ̨档
ܲ˵СԹƹźܴͣңҲӽȭȻӽȭĵĿȫǣȡһȭţ֣ȴߵ򣬴羢ػ·ӡ
ȭʱϺܶȽȷָĽӽȭӽ񶷼չΪо񶷼ܵ˵һֽ
ȭԣҲӽȭԲ˵һȭҲ˵ùȥ
ճûйעưڳƣѧһҲ̫ʦӮȴҲûȥһս
Σⶼ˼ѧԺڲԼֳȥʵ۸Сӵɡ
˵ȭ̫ģܵҲǺõġ


223 һ£
ճƽվڲԶš
̫˭Ӯ˭䣬ǺܹԬ
ԬʱѾҪˣҪѧϰӽȭʵܵճӰ졣
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ѵҾǸɨǣѧҲǻίˣͬѧҲûһ
˵ܵסһ𣿡
ܣԬˣѧϰ̫ʧߡѧϰȭð˧ʵáѧֵҲð˼ʵսǿ죬˵ȥҲӡ
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Уʲôʱˣ˵ǵ壬һˣķʲôֻҪǺõĶͿѧ÷ֹġֵܣŶ󣿾ѧЩŪչ˼룬Ҫð
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ȭúǲƽҲ԰úܣΪԼһҲٮٮߣЩԼҪôǳҪôʦ̵
ΪһҰ·ӣܹѱȭһȭڴСѾ˺ܶܶȭһˡ
԰˱͸ӿɱŻûϵΪȭʮ֮ΣᱻžƵһɶ˴ȫ޻֮ΧͬѧĳЦĶˣֻһֱͷȥص
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ʱճ׵ѺͿһɣȴȻǵͳ
ͲţԼҪСܶԸ˶ĸ֡
ҲֻǶһˡ


224 ɨϣ
ƺŻվں棬˼Ŀճһճ֣ʮ㣻һȴңֻ뿴֡
ܹȴȤͻȻ˼ӣоһϷԽԽˡ
ѧȻԾ粻ôȴҲȭȭѹȫһôҲ²
ﲻ泩ı־һŻͷƣ˵Ǹݰȫһ
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ûðɣڹ԰˴Ȼ˧е٣ҲûʲôرĵطԴǸʶ᭽̫ȭרŽ˹ȭĽɫӮֵڴ
УҲ̫û۹˰ɣǲ˵Ƶ̫жú˧㲻ʱȷǷٲȻһʦ𣿶Ҫ࿴֪Ǹ֣ǿǿûϵ
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οֻƵ֪̫ʱҲڹ԰֮УۼճһףһѾץסĽ˦ٶȿø˲һ㣬ʷȣһͷͬ졣
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ϧĲ̫ȭڹ԰Ϲ򡣡ֳǱ߻˻ӣ˼С
з˿ĸоðճûжȤֻݲݴչһȴЩ˷ˡ
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ձ˺ͺ̫񶾣ֵʱ򲻵˵壬Ը裬˵־Ҳܵˡ
һι󣬾Ŵ󼪣ȭ־ʹһʲ񣬴ӴȻˡ
ճԴʣضըˡ
ѧ緢ţǰͬʱȫͬǣΣΧ۵ѧѾֳμˡ˶ָ֧ոձĳСӣΪȲʡ
СӣֱװһֺñƣѸоͷһȺѻȥģǵһμƾȥֵ֧ġ
˵ٺܲЦվÿʵҽ㳢ʲôøߵòҡ
ס죬տڲ˵׼ʵζ˵
һ۽ǲɲĿ˿һһۣܵԷͬ˼Ȼ
ѳȣ˫أƤһճ˹һֻơ
ȹճ⺫ͻȻǴ֣оʮֲЭȴһֺ顣֪Ѿ˶صط
һͷȭȻҲֻˣ˧ȷſȡ֮أҲѹܴ
ƾȴ
ճɨһۿһɣҲ˫ںϣȲǴҪͻϮˡ


225 ɨУ
ѺͿһ˸ûл署òҪӵ뷨˶飬˵ȫûѹ
ճ˾ףоһΣա
ɫĿ˹ȥһɲ֪ʲôʱתһָŵĺ챦ʯָΣյĸоʹﴫ
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һ٣ƺ˵ʲôסͷ˸ɫ꣬Щõ˵ʡ
Цúºͣճ˵ɣԭҸոմһ֪ûȤҵϷһɫ
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230 ɷŹ
鵼϶ǴϢǲ˵ǺӰһ꼶ţҸûѧϷġճЦ
˵ɡԪ˹Ц˵ھ翴ȭͿֵʱģչˡҪǿ֣ÿÿֳѧǵĻܿɫֻҪֱɫݳʵͿˡ
ǰǣҲû̫Ϸƾִ֣УƬӾɫٵġҲһе˵
Ԭһͷ˵Ԫȫָ䵱̫Žܺã۹ҲܸߡȻҲ˵úÿǾÿˡ
˵ʱҲˣΪ٣Ϊճе
ճ⻰һǱ˿佱ʲôӦԪ䵱ˣһ뷨
оƬЩҲѧһЩȭ뵽Լȭ֮УȡһЩ
ȻֻȭŶѡ
ȭȣá
ΪһȭʦԶȭʦ⼸һ١
ȭںܶೡʵŲģȻִᣬһ˵Щʱˣ似ɱ˵ļգѧһűʵҲ˵ȥ
۽̫խչȭ
Ԫ׼Ȼ䵱պĽȷʵֵ̡ԼоƬҪѧһЩܻ̾Ϊá
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֪ݵʲôճЩĶˣȴ
һСɫǧֻڵӰһ׺ݣѧ䵱Ҳ˷ʱ䡣
ЦĺͣźصϷݣӦŰɡģкܴķأ׽ɫ
ҲὣճʳĵĻ⡣
ð찡ԪָǽмңʱҪʲôֱƶˡƾ֣ȫ⡣
Ԫ׵ͷӾӦϷˡϷûôѣҪѽöʱһѽһЩԭͻʽȫһ£ĻӦ׾ѧᡣ
⻰˼ճˣԪƺ̵
УȻǶˣʱ֪ͨҾǣҵǶⲿϷЩȤżһݵӰȷ
ںˡ
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˫ֻ룬Լڣ˾ȥˡǻкܶҪǰ׼ܶ࣬ɲճôС
Դȭ֮ճȫȲȱǮȭȭҲ飬һֻͻơ
ܶԼȭ飬һԸ
Ͼѧ䵱Ļ᲻̫ࡣ
ĻŹȴ̫ϧĵӰ͵Ƿȥһˡ
˵ԬճҲҪһЩⲿӰ˵öˡ
Щһ裬Ƭݣһܷӵýôá
ûճľɱɭɭಢôͳϵһġ
¾ͲõˣճţȫԸƽľһ衣
СèҲǺܻȥճҼ磬ͣ˵ճǸ˵˵ܲҲʹɫ
ճΨпЦ

Ԭճֱӻ˼ңԹ緹һɨ赽һЩ似
̫ȭͲ˵ˣѧǻӣоƬɨŻ֮ҲܷȭһЩ裬ճһЩӦеֶΡ
˾֮ݣҲǶ⡣
˶ʮʽʽ̫ȭճһЩջ
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׼һ˼·ȥ¿ڣͻƽޡ

ǣһƬĺԺסլݻĻʱżۡ
оˣˣо죬мˡ
ǾֻܾңǺ´ս顣
׵һλһͷѩףݾСͷ
űǹʱ̲ȼյζңȴûһ顣
ǳ̵Ĳ̵ģһ顣
ͷǻ˶ڻ壬Сڰ˼ȭΪϣȴ˾̾
ǾǼĸޣȻѪͻƱ꣬ȻˣҪһѣʵѾ㹻һ
ھϣײǡ
ڣҾͻĳһûǻҵܻˮһ롣
˿̸ˣĵֳǰǲõ𣿺ҼԪﶥϣʱȴָı⣬Щװɡ
ͷ˵ͳ˻ƣûûӡ
˭ҪΪĿ첻ˣǿɾʹش
һȭʦȭȭﵽ֮󶼻ʮ꣬ݹΪʢ˵Ӧôͷģ
ͱ׵һλϵͥͬıʦѾʮˣȴǿʮࡣ
۽Щƣɫúܡ
ʮҪʱŹעһ뱧ҲΪ
ִ̬ΪãҪѪأԼøá
ƽžͲţžͲվţȭѾе߻ħ
һԲˣȴĻش


231 Ļ
Ǿܾ־ֳǱƴʦƿ¾Ѿʮ꣬ڱؽϺպ
ĳɾͲ似޵Уε׺
ֻҪһֺЦͻоС
λʮ꣬ǵؽٳִӣΪЭ͹ٷԱһ֡
һʵҲһôã˳ʮ׺ͣԸйϵ
Ƣºͣ˺ƵԸеƣײˡ
ҲƺԼȨֻЦ˵ͷ԰꣬˵ûԪֱӶ溣´һְϵͳϾǹٷְܲţκְλ˽ܣܵ߸ǰԭǽκ´һְͬԪ¡
Ŀ壬Цеʵҵ㣬ǼҵĻԪʲô£ΪʲôһӾͿأ㿴
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ԣһᣬЦŴ
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ԪǻСһ˴ֵ֮һ֣Ҳǰ۷壬ʮ꣬ʮֲȻԪҲȥ
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ͥЦ˵ô˵ǻһԪﱻһ˴࣬أŶǸƺճѧӽȭ
ͷ죬ϯȴǲ˵мϴЦ⣬ƺڿЦ
Ԫں鱻ճһдſµϢѾصܾ֣ҿЦҲ̸ֵۡ
ЩİԵʵڲôϲھЩƽ۸ڶأֵܾЩٷԱҲôء
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ңҡ˼˻֣ȥ

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ںӰѧԺôһ飬ʱҲ磬ԬȥԷ
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һҽԺϰ࣬ûпǰʹҽֻΪһʿǮάճ衣ǮȴǲҪˡ
Ҳ뵽һ㣬ػ۵ҽ


232 
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ĳĬҲٳԷ̣ϸĵĻܴ￴޵ɱ


235 ʩֶΣϣ
СճˣκүӵĲڣڽ̸֮䷢ճطʮʮСУҵķ𣿡
ĵͷͷˣֻɱ⣬˴ʱ֮УҲû˭֡
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ճоƬȴܿ
Լص꣬竣ʵϵȴǵĻɫ
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ֵݹһļ
ճӹϸϸƣļдŶսںͱʽʤ߷κ´һְֱӽóλӡ
ԭ˵ʤȴǱΪ˫ˣֻҪһվ̨ϣΪʤ
ǽͷKOʤƣô޷ǾûԪΪһգֻҪ򲻹Ӯžʧܿܡ
ǰվҪʵͶȡɻûáЩɥ
ճĬһᣬ֪ЩѰˡ
ֱԹصǣֻҪһиԷ̫ĸ֣ϾͲʧܣΪԴͨء
ҿʮλԪ
㼺Ӯ˻ԪһлԪļһֻҪԪվ̨ϣܴôƶõġ
սԻʦ𣿡ճһҡҡͷ̴ʱľٶս𰵾ȭʵҪǿ̫ࡣ
˵ֻǴǴϰ죬ȭʦҲжƣۣˡ
ʮһսʱܾ˹֤뺣˹Ūÿ󰡣Ϊ˸Ԫưɡ
ճЦõȫģ¿ν㵽
ƣն˵£̫ģλһ䣬Ͼʱ䣬ǺúúϼƺϼơʵɣԪȻǻʦ֣Ҳûһƴ֮ҪǰԪðȫ򵹣Ͼ´һְֵһ㣬»ֻʲôҪ˵ʣʱ۾Ͳˡ
ܵסԪļٵģɱҡһյľǻԪû˶ԸˣճԪеôλкܴӮ
ԼҪӮԪԪƺҲܼѰ
ȻܲԸԷƱҲòϣڻԪֻжʮһ꣬ʱ仹ǶһЩû㹻ܹӮ
ճϵĳɣ΢΢Цҽ㿪
˼·ˣôŪ
ˢվѹֲסͷϲãҪ˵۲ʹ֮ᡯǿЧǼٵġ
ʱ˹ùҩ̴ɱķɨǣһսȻҲһա
ճ΢΢һůȻ֪Ҳʱʱ̿ʵΪȨǲԼ׶ԺǵһѪʹ˷ѡ
ҪƿغǾƣȶľ棬һȭսлʤȨ
ΪԶĿ꣬ǿп˽İѡʹ֮ᡯҩ˳
ŶճһĪϣڴڡ
˵ɵأ˵ɵأ
Ҫ˵ûźôҲܵġˣʮֵĹϾ
ݺճмӡ
ԣճŻⲻȥҲûҩ£Լ뷽跨辶ҲҪ쵽
ɣ׼ҪҪ֣СͷճԶһ㣬վһԿյϡ
Ц֣ڳһ˵ˣôְིܶɡСͷ꣬ʵ񳬹Һܶ࣬ȭɲһܱȵҡ
¶ȭΪţϵɫһ˦ڲԶϣ¶ĵض̴¶Сġ
ӯӯһյ֫͸ŸվǰΰĿѣԣһһɽ


241 
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УҪõСͷ򣬾ͲȥעԷȷֻ粿ֱ۾С
¡ЦһǵĵֵʱǧܷİǱҴöඪ˰
һȡЦȴ˿ͣǰһֻأһббնճļͷ
̯֡Ҹ֣ûһ˿̻˫ȴۡ
ճﰵ̾Ůƫ⣬µȭȷʮ־Լ˼Բϸ塣
ȭ۸ߵ͵Ļµȭ뻯ʦȶȥˡϢر仯ˣճҲ֮ʱʵ
ûϵСͷһ򶼲עעصǾãþӴᡣ
úãճһ˫ҸͻأҲֽȦ֣Ľһʽ
˫һճжȥضؾֱֻ۽մһ
ֱ˶ֻƾƤҩһֱϡ
оǻ֬ļճûа㲨ͰһȫǣԺֻоֻȭרעޱȡΨרעܳɾͣճƽﻹЩһԣȭȴһž޲ء
СģҪȫˡճĿ
Ҫ㹻ѹ£ܴﵽĿġ
ֻڼ˶һߵ²ܴļޣļǵһ㡣
ʹ֮ᡱлͷƮճﰵţٶȴȻӿ죬ֱ۴
ͬǳһϯȥһһѹ飬һɽǿŴ͸羢Ǹ׶һֱµظ֮䡣
Σգ¾׶ճܶɱ֣ȻоһϢΣ
ӦԣͷûתϼƤ˫ֹ̻ȣ紥㶯Ȼճ١
˳ԽԽ죬ֱֻ۽ûӰ̯֡֡ȭ֡ơơָȦ֡
ָƽǧ򻯣յؼһġžž죬Ž಻
±ճĳȭϵó޼٣٣ɫͨ죬Ѫڣոճּʮ룬͵˰Ȼľء
ճѹͬӰֱ㼸£ǼѨλȴ˿ѹʶ񣬻û˻ɽҡ
һ
۾ѾѪʶԺճһصĹѹ͸л֮޵ԨѪ֮Уֻоȫƺһ̾ͻữΪҽ
ҲǼٵģٵġƺһʹȴûʲôá
ʱ˿ѾУҲѾֲúʵճСͷʱճſճ
ʱȴ뾫Ȧףоȫʹޱȣ˫ֱۿɼٶ
Ѫ
µëϸѪܸѣֱϸСѪ飬ȫ֨졣ͻȻһԽ߿۾Ȼ䡣
ֱһճҲƲס壬ֻоһɾײͬɽܣǰٴһֹ
ճϲеڳɹˣ
Ц͸ãҲӲһߵķһ㼲ƮˣƮޱȡ
ôоòãճæʵΪµ龰ԼҪңϰСѾѪȾɺںɫ
ɫȻΪʹëϸѪＤѪɫͬʯһĻȳʡ
ûüشĿ˿Լ˫ƣһȭͷֻùͷžһ죬ܵȻͬʵ૵˵ĳɹˣճĳɹˡ
̧ͷۿ΢΢ʪճԷЦЦĿԼϣæͷһŷϺɫɫޱȵĿʣһߵɫͨ죬תתڱȥ
ճ󾪣æе㣬㡭
ء
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ճԺſЦǰϣѼһֱݵ˾̬ʵѵõ
˵ԼոʵʱΪƲסǵٶȣ߲㳶龰ˣһ¿еúܣϣи׼ѷӲˡ
ôˣ鳤УճǲǸɻˣӼæԺſڣЩԱҲŻŵ˹
ճͷߣǺ˼һЩʲô
ͻȻһ£ϴԼԺ￪ȻֽŶƲסӦ˺ܾòԼϴ裬Ť˷ˮأǽڴשһŪ趼ϴɡ
ӣ鳤˵⣬ϴȥˣȥһѡ
ңϴ裬ճܴ̼ˣ鳤Ϻ𣿡ӾȵŴ졣
ճ
һ£ӦòҴںԺʲôŵ£ӦԵɵһУһ
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242 
ճһ仰û˵꣬ѾһܽԺϢȥˡ
ճΣ湤Աæ˵ûǵ£Ҹ鳤أæԼİɡ
Ŷ
ЩԲţճſڣֲ³ֻȫתԼȥˡ
ô˵ΪճˣĴˣ˻ϾͰˣûʲôŲġ
ճڴкСè˳ͳȥˡ
˼ҹϴ裬վҲǸ¡
ʵճҲȴһ׮£ȵƿʵԪӦþͲĶ֡
´һְһ֡
μӶսѾѡһأ
ճȥҲֻзƻϳˡ
һ㳲ӽⷽȻҲ̫˼ѰұɵĸȥӭսңںǵؽҲҲġ
ɽһຣǵ֣˵ͦʵȴôãԸˣǸ𲻵̫á
Ƕ֣»òʧֱҷƳ֣ո˳ˣʤҲ̫Ҫ
˵ˣսֻ룬ӮȫƾԼӦԡ˵չؼˣûء
֮ҵͻƵܿڳ
ȻΪȭһ֣ʮϣͻƱֻҪɹԼͻٶһǿӲĿɽҲһ¡
Ȼûнйһʦɽ֮ʵȴѾʦͽ֮ʵ
ֻΪ¼м䣬˼ͽˡ
Ҳá
ճĶսĥš
֮ƵʵսˮƽһںӰѧԺӦúõĽ̵һɲʳԡ
ƾϳĻܻᱻЦʱˣճҲᶪˣӽȭҲСȥ
֪䣬ճѾԾĸӽȭϵһ𣬻֮һپ٣ҲѲ

һɣôĸ׽˭˭Ķ֣Ҫɱһ갫˺ޡ
һ㣬𳳵ˣɥ㡣һָߴĻʿ˽ܲĺǳ
ԭͷ俴˻ʿһۣ۾ͨ죬ŵûʿæ˼е˰أ
ԭޡ³һŨ̵վѲϵĿһϹҺȫѣ˻ź˵Ժ
ճںӰѧԺԹֻһʱ䣬һɾݵΣɫ԰׺Ѫɫ
ҽԺֻ鵽ܵһˣͲ鲻ˣԭ֪ˡ
һɲܳ˱£ҺӪҲûãǸ˲þϲѪȫӣһӡ
ȥ˶ãһɾͷˡ
ճöֶΣҲŹġ
ԭݵţѿһɱ˳ͻصס
ó绰ͨһ롣
ǳҰ鵽˾𣿡
ԭʱ仹̣βֻ̫֪˸ӰѧԺһԬϵã꼶ķʦ֣˲ǺӰѧԺѧ
ʵΣϸûУ
ŻˮƽǳмͲˡҴѧӣ̫⡢ӽȭܴһ֣ںӰѧ̳ϻи̫硯ĳƺţ
ȫǵ;˵ûһõϢҪȷе١ԭ
ǣ
ǱЩϻ̳Ͽ֡
ȿȡȣԭ壬ұ𰡣ҪɱСӡôˣһûСһڴؽеӴ˶١
ԭɫʹľԼͷǿѹͷı꣬οһɣ㱻ճ㣬ҲҲԭ򡣻Ĺǵ۹һֻܹͰͻعڣɽʦˡڴ֮ǰ㱨ġ
Ҫһûɽѧ԰ҪΪձ۹ǿˡһݵƤͷͬһԸζɲ

ճ´Щ泩µʵսİվ͸һ֣뵽´Ժµָ֮£涼Լ̵ƣֿ˼֡
ںԼùٷչˣֻ˻ϣиʵĻõġ
ٷˣ˵Ժ鷳٣ʲô鶼ɽλ
һˣиҪģƿ´ôԺڼңںҲиտ
ȻֵĹϵҲ㲻´ڸ߶ϾͲࡣ
δѡ
׳һ濼ҲϣλԪֶԼеļһжԶ͹Զɡ
ճӭһʮŮ˹ʮأ飬ǼΪӵ
ŮŸϥ£ǸϢЦУճϸܵ˹ůʮơ
ǣ
Сģһֱ֪û뵽ת֮ͳôˣ߰ɣȥ
áճʮɻԼСǹ¶һſڣ֮ҲӲװѰңС̣
ӦȴŮ˵ƽУһ֮¾ͺкøС
Ҫǣ֮ģȻԷû˿⡣


243 ǿнϣ
ճɻ󣬾͸Ľ˿ֱ˶¥һλ¡
ȵԱȷ£Ĳſ˵϶ְɣʮ궼û㣬ôͻȻĳݣ˵
Ҳ㸸ĸףǶˡЩѹ˵Щûðɣ
ܺãҸĸˣôҵҵġճʵ
Сʱճ뵽Լ׵Ϣεϲ񣬻ܷߺޡʱȴȫˣһİ˵ϢֻЩɻȴûʹĸо
ǺܾǰѾǸʮƽ׵ķӵԼļңѹ赱˰ɡпɰ飬Լˡ
ʮʱ̫Զûһ˲˵ˣ˵ѪʲôȴȫûС
νײףֻԼĲˡ
ճţԽƽˣıڶУ͸Щˡ
ĸҽ㣬磬ռվΪһżȻΪгΪ˳أǾҳߡ
ĺѹ˵˴ӾǶ㵽ǣȴûӳս׷ɱ
˵սЩߺޡ
ս˭
ǾҵˣҲҵĴ磬ĴˡΪĸ׸˽ҵǻռҵ֣ܴ裬׷ɱ㸸ĸ
ռҸʲô𣿡
ճһ£ȻһЩ£̲סʹһ¡
Ҳȫǣҡ
Ҳİˣս׷ɱ𡭡
ð˶ûжһ¡
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ȻǾͿʼǰɣճõ龰ˡ
пԼõͻƣܴﵽ߲εؼû˭óġ
˵ϵܺôͬоЩʵ
̾һҲ̫ˣүҲʵ̫귢顣Ҳ룬ӦⱾؾŶصİذɣֳܾͻá
ճͷˡ
оš÷˪ĵұ֪ôһ¡
Ƿͼ˼ȥٿҲȫûþùЧˡ
ңÿʱֻҪͼٽڤ˼оࡣ
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С̣Ϊ˽⵹ǲˣúܺãûҪı䡣ճûлĵ˵ʣǰѶʶơ
һ̶֮󣬾һЩصá
оĵУСҲ˳
˳ͣһᣬʰ˵
㲻ףǽӵȥҲûжٵλס㡣
ΪʲôҪ㣿ճ˫üһ
Цˣں˭ұƵԼܣ
սʼվûй˴磬Ȼ˹ϵܲá
Щǵ˵սһ׷ɱ㸸ĸȥֻ˵վԣ㸸סУ˵ĸ׵ʱѪСȴûҵӦǽľͰѧУſڡ
ô֪ôϸ
ռվĶְ͵͵ս˵£ˡս׺Եûжԣ׷ɱ㸸ĸȻҲšΪҲҵĳ衣
ְְճ͵һˡ
ԭüһѹɱֵıԸˣںԶֱռҷֲףԤı˳Ҷ֣úݵơ
ճҲֵԭ޷Ǿǳү߻岻ʣ׼ͼıȲһ֡
Ϊʲôǻ֪Լأ
ճҲ˺ܶ࣬ǰȭʱ̽ɱ¼
ܶ²ȥ룬ϸһ¾ȫˡ
վ𿧷һ˵С̣ллЩ£ҲġսҪ;Űɣˣʧɱһ鷳𣿡
ôɱǰͻƻҵġ̫ĴҲüáճ嶯򲻹ģ¾ͲˡĽ˵ʮֹС
ճ΢΢һůֻһİС̣ĵĹԼǣȴġ
ҲҪ𣬶ԱȥиͷʦҲ޵еģֻҪ˭˭ƾ¾С
⺢ӣã˶ãƽļˣԼճǲǴˣ
Ҳаûз֮սǻ·һ
УΨһĹѪܳ⡣Ȱȴճָȥ
ˡһ죬лֻĿһм׷ϡ
С̣㿴Ҳûл֮԰ɣסþˣҲסϰߣû뻻ط뷨սҪ;ɡ
ճЦ˵ȴģллС̵ĿȣҾ͸ˡ


244 ǿн£
ճ˵ת߳ȥ
ıŵסˣС̣ҵˣȴûӴ
˵սɱɱĸ֮ȻԼһѪԵϵ̫ע˫ߵһ
˫ֻ֮ǵˡ
İ̾һճıӰԶȥ˵СҲﲻʲôҲҰԼౣذɡʮʱȱ£ҲԱ
򲻸ߣܿճһֵѴ
أ졣
ճһָƿγָйƿأ˵ǳ뻯ֻлġ
ռְ˵ճֻǰΪ⹥Ѿﵽʦѵʵ
ܶðԻʵͲçײԴˣԼӦɣһǲˡİ

ճ߳ȵ̧꣬ͷŽѹͷ㲨ƣת۾ʧ١
ʮˣĸҲһţܾöûû뵽Ȼ˶ԹڵԼ
ȻұɳˣôΪİԼҲʲô
սְȻҪǾɡ
оһת˲ָֻƽ

ճӦҪʵսȭ飬ʱ䣬°ˡ
˿ͿӰѧԺո³ͼѾѧԺſڵš
ǰ˷ܵʵʦھȥϰ𣿡
ţпգ㡣ѧԺʲôһĵطûУҿɲȭʱ˿ϷճǴھľЩ
Ȼ˺ȲʵĸоʮֲβǸ˱ԣȭҪǱһָָ㣬̫Ӱ顣
ѧԺԱиС֣СԱߣ羰ܲģҪܰʱҲû̸ȥˣҾúܲ˵
Уɡ
ճӦͽзͷǰ·
Ǹʦְм²֪òø㣿žͣЩ˵
˵ɡճЦļ򣺡Ӻ֨֨ĸʲô˵ʲôֱ˵
Ԭѧ˵˵ȭ֪ͨһ
ŶҲѧһΪʲôأ㲻˵ҲҪſڲñ߶
ճЩεֻ˸绰Ԭ
ոߵص㣬ͼԬɫ˵˹ûǰԹճ磬Ҿ֪㵽ѧԺ˶ңһһ֡
УⲻǴ绰𣿡ճǺЦ
ԬŵСߣѧʲôֻѵճѧԺѡ
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½ôˣԬ¡
ǼЩӣӦҵİԲˣң˲ҽүүҾûҽˡճҲ
£Ԭܾȣתͻ˼һճңԼ˼ɣβҲ㡣
ԬѩͿǴճҽճΪѣίǰ˵⻰
ˣճͷЦ˵
治֪ôԬء
ռҵ飬վºԬⷽЩˣƫƫ뷨Ҳ˵ڣпԡ
Ԭ̸ʵˡ
ҹɣ˵ҡҵһƽ̹طճͽзƷֽ
һΣ̵ʲô֪ʶȭҪΨһĿľӷƵʵս
ʲôʽʵսأ
һ֡

÷ƵĹȻճȴȱ㡣
ȭеκһȱ㶼ӭճ·籩Ĵȭͷ᲻أʹķΡ
ƸоԼȭһȴѵײˡ
ʹš
Ԭһԣ˸߲ңʱʱؽеƼͣһ㰡ѽְˡ
кƶ߳ܵòȭˣΪճٶȫһֵЧȴȫһ
ͬճó͸о˫ôס޶˶˴ࡣ
ճǵô˶ȭڷˣҲû顣
ѧϰȭԲ̫á
Ҳȭʱֻ̣ܽԭʣʵսҲÿȭȭʮ塣һôǻʮʵԻͦõġ
֪һһ
ƺ£Բ㺩Ͼϸ
ճţ߷ӣһʮȭʮֱû
ڲϵİУƵȭʵսˮƽԻٶţʽһıԲϵ
˺ҪУճܴһȭ
ã
ճŴŲɵ̾ȻܱΪ״ӵܹ鲻Ǹ
֡ʹ䡱ǲ
еþȡ

ԭҪҹעճѾˣںӰѧԺУĺУڽ˴ȭ
ãʱֹ̱עʲô仯һʱ绰ϵԭµ绰˿ڴϴĿһɣ׺ݵվ
һӣʮ｣ϣٴȡһбΰ࣬Ϸ£


245 ·棨ϣ
νбʵǶ̵С۲೤̣֮ö̵ҲǲѣΪֹųҡС
｣ҲǷˣֻ𻪹ͳķɵҪԵùһЩе޼Χ棬ʮ㡣
װԭְҵҲˣˣһߡ
壬ѧһΪ׺ʵҲҪΪߣʵߣؼʱᱩ¶ԼݡһΪԼֶճ˴ԭΪ˱رô̵ȥҲ˲ϵˣɱڵľ׼֡
һװԭīž˳ȥ
һȥУ԰ɱˣαװҪ컯֮£

ճ̵𾢣ԬҲýζճ˶֣ȭ˱Ҫʶˡ
Ȼһѹһûܲסǳֹ찡
ӽȭע٣ճʶļӿ˳ƵʣƵ÷һδͻԼļޣԽԽ죬ֻáء죬УģѪڡ
̶̰Сʱʱ䣬ƸоһƵģѾʪһϸߣоʱпܱϡ
ԼΪļǼޣճȭ£һδͻԼ٣úӸ˼룬ֻǻеĵֵȭţѾǵùˡ
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ԶԶĿСתһȥֻҪԼճˡ
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246 ·棨£
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247 鱨ϣ
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ճȴƷæҪõרҵ֪ʶ鱨֧Ԯ
ճֱͣ˳˼ҾƹȥΪƷϴʱ˵̽ھƹб棬Ϊ˼ʱʱ򾭳ȾƵӡ
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248 鱨£
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ƷһճܹΪѵʱǣǰ£֮ڣýǮЩˡ
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249 ֮ϣ
죬ճȥ´¹У˺СͷϤӦá
磬ͻȥӰѧԺԬУ԰䣬ȻҪĻǸƵһʵսϱС
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250 ֮£
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ˣһǼֵɽĵӣǾͨѧɽѧ԰롮ôСû뵽ںӰѧԺɽѧ԰ûȥͱˡ壬Ǵɱˣѧ壬Ǿط̣ר˾ɱˡһֱʮ˵ãޡӭһնһնڴֵڵҲһЩ
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ܵʱмڳճ׼ȥ
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ʱ֣˵ְֻ뿪ʱͲһҵõ
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ӰѧԺռؼ㣬羰ѧԺųһľ·
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ճЩѧԺ̵֮󣬿ѧԺҲѧͻԬؼңıСʹһ߽סլŻתͷ뿪
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ͲԼǡݵһ£ԺӰѧԺû׷ǵˣȻҲûйж׷𣬲ڵѧϰ
ĳѧǵרҵɵġ
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251 Ʋϣ
Ȼѧ׷ǣճԬѧԺУȴ̫˵Ŀ⡣
ʵΪԬ̫ˡ
ѧԺܴ󣬲ǵӰҵߣǴǣź߰Ϊϵϵ
һһ꼶ڱϵŮƵĵطΪϵѶȼֱ3SʵϣΪԺҲˣΪϵ񡢲ϵϵȫ޷⣬һЩŮֻҪԼģ˭벫һ֪ǲȥĻģܿԷͷмȥſŻ
һ㣬ճᡣ
Ԭĸ첲ϣЦȻ˵ĻĿͬһ㡣
ЩĿ⻻ļ֧ճʱġ
ϣ߹ѧ۹ĽǼʣ˺òˬҺЩ˶ܹõĽţճЩÿһΣǾЩӡ
Ԭճ뷨ƺȫ޲ûע⵽˵˼ȫճϡ
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еСİԬһǹԹԵȥʱҲˣǰ治Զվһĸߴ׳ˣĿ˹
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˫Ų濪վ·УͬһɣƮƮۻ룬ɱɭȻ
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Ϊսؼҵ·ϣ߸ɴȥ֮Ƨĵطּù顣
ߣĹȻܵˣյϢߣһõץ㣬ȴˡ
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ЩѧҲֲˣֹͣ˻֮Ľ̸ΧһѶѣ·м˳ʱٳٶ۵Ҳ֪ѰԹˡ
ǲ̫ҸղŻĽӵϵҸޱȣûϵת۾Ѱţÿ찡ʮ̶ֿͬѧ
ô˵İ̫˺ܺõģ˿ֵȭˣһ˲Ԭܰĺòãһѧ
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ˣˣ̫ΣˣǸոû˵ֽսǾ̫ҵĻʦ֣˵ھǱߺе֡ˣиӽ꣬Ҽ˵˴龩һ޵֣ϣá޵СϢȽͨѧһ̾
ңһƬ̾˭û˵
̫ھºܴԺյʷ˺ţƵܱΪ޵еĸ֣ȭô򵥣
鷳ɱʦ̫ȭ֣˿ճǳ
ֻʮңԶǰ֣ôܴù־𣿵Ǿǲӷ˵ƺҲŹ
ҵ̫ȭ𣿱ĿһɺΣҿճҲţ˵һѧԻ
ǰ̫ȭ֪үүÿڹ԰أƺûʲôõӡ˸͵
ϢͨѧһЦ˵ͷ̫̫̫ɣ˼ҵʵսȭͲһ£̫ȭΪˡƽǶ࿴̳ЩȭϢȴ˵ⶼǼٵģ˴ģȫţȻῴսĹ򣬿϶Ŵ㡣

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ճĴҵĳ裬ĸǸһҵ죬һȥֻ㹦򣬴ֽţȻһţǶԵѪ
ʲô
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ҵ죬ˮɣҲѴһŲ¾һӣǲۻˣѵǵӰؼݣ


252 Ʋ£
һƬҲԽԽ࣬ЩֻƵһЩ׼ֻˣȻ֪ûô
Ϊʱʵ̣ȵʹʱˡ
Ԭһﵣǿճ򶨵ְһЩ
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ãȻ㸸һҲô񣬽Ǳá̫ĴҪûϵȻԸ¼Ըϻңֱ档
սһǰߣѾʧȥˣһǰԽԽ׳˫ᴹ࣬²ȳһӡǲһ
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ԶԶȥ·еճӲɽǧȻһָоƺһֱվţֱĵϡ
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ҵѧϰһȭҵ֣ܶڲϤĶ֣ǲ³ç
ճ÷ʵõĽǶҲʮڴѧ̫ɢ֡
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ճҴ⣬˫ƽһ˫һʣͽסһСš
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˳սƣֱΪҪֱ۽ʶϡ
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սֱ۾һ壬ոջΪǹֱͻȻֻΪޣתָһͶ
ս󣬵бһʽֻþʹ˳ֶˮǰ
ճֻоһɽĴֱ۴壬̸оԼ޸屻Է󶶵þҪȫɢ˼һɢһš
ϵˣһΪҪǿɣȴó˿ƼճﰵÿһʦŶ֮սʵս֣з仯ܶˣʵǷʤ
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ҲճȭɱȲưսʵҪļɾоƬ֮Ϊʺϱÿľ׮ԲԴ΢֮
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սһԵУӽȭȴָơ
֪֪ˣܰս
£ճռϷͼˡ


253 սսϣ
ճһо˱֮Уֻԭʵ޹ء
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ս˫ƽ֮ʱƣĶۿ˫أҪɳȥ
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еҲ֪ճѾΣ֮Уۿþ׶༪١

Сģ
ϡϡһƬһྪţԬĺ
ճʮ㣬ʲôΣգս֮ǰ˼Цȴû뵽̶ʱ֮ڣƷͻ䡣
ＱòУ޲óǰȥ֡
˻Ǵˣȫܿճˡ
ббڿУ޸ôҲסս׺͵̫Ĵ
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Ÿ漼ɣУû뵽㾹Ȼһ˼Ҿƴˣ˭ĹǿճҲȥΣбƮУӭһƣһȭ
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ȭľǷ֮䷢Ӳжη
ճսһ֮ƣһۣͦԱۿȭ㴫ݡ
ȭһ˿⡣
ȭⷢˣȭͷ֮ʱֳȭ;ͱֱȭһȭתű͸Ѽֱֵȭȭ𵴹Ϊһ壬ӭȥ
ۡ
ȭӶ֮Ѫ֮Ȼ˽ײѧں
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оƬɨ֮ճ˵̫ˣӲӲĺء
̫ĴĲ࣬𻵶ԷģӻӰߵѪܣӴѪ粻ֲܿᣬһ첡
ȭѹ˾Сַõۣɱ޴ޱȡ
ѹʮ·Ԫһ˫𴸴ûҷûܵס͹ơ
˼ճɳԶѪˣȫתͷȥȴսҲûռٺô
սճײֻȭʱƤⷭɭɭֹ̳ѪעֱĴ࣬ͷǶϳ߰˽ء
ֻǳ׷ˡ
һ棬ܾˡ
սɫĵγˮ˵ҲǸݽɫֱ˳ɫûаָı䣬ƺ˵Ǳ˵һ˵ȫɣܴ𣿡
ȫƲǣ֮ԵΣֱ֣ϻ֡ճȴվҡҡλΣƺվҲվֱ
ճеЩƽ似һϲͨ˶ܿó
ճˣһУ˵ñսҪء
԰սһֶֻȫˣôɱ𣿡
֮־ǿʹһǿģ˵һֻ֣Ƕֻ֣Ҳܹġ
ճأôվŲ
صˣոѾѪˣԱս˵أʱѾû֮
ȫΪճĵʱճЦ
ɫ԰ףĮ˵̫ȭȷֻϧûһȭңʧ󡣡
սһ㶣ͣ٣ɣԼ̫Ĵһ˴ԲѣĪƣ
СӴóʤ׷
뵽ٳɣȭգһţǰ壬һȭ󣬺Ȼɨֱճ̫
ϲǣ˫
һʽ転ս̫ȫûдҷ緶һζ׶ᣬȴľ
ֻϧѷϣ˫˵δЩײ࣬սʾ⡣
ȭǧ򻯣ʵþͺãȭҲСȥ
˵ľŽУճĮϸ飬ɫҲѪ졣
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254 սս£
ճΣͷڹ˲עһóڻүѧġʱ˼άĮԶսͬű΢ϣвʶ·Զȥ
սһȭ̫Ѩʱճһ࣬ŵӰͶһ͹սϴ˹ȥɫľȻбӣݡһ죬ݺݿսĺ֮ϡ
νеĶͣ
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˭Ӯˣճ𣿡
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ճûش⣬Цһ˵˵ҪֽţҹãҾʹ㼹׵̱ڴú帣Ҳһһ
㵹Ǳ㣬ֻÿڴϣܺúµĴ
úݣս׵ǱƬһ̯ſϣͬеԹ֮з
ճȴǳЦĬĬֻ˹սϧȴƫһзϣƶ˵̶ܾ˵ۣС㶼ñ˰֡ҵҪ߸ϵҽܽȥ

ճվ̱ϵսԣ쳤ЦϢǡ
ЦУľͻȻ䲻֪ľͻˣӰڽ뵽ڣˮɽϪӱޱȻ˳
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һЦͻһС磬ĸͬʱݣȫﵽ2.0ңǻ׶εԡ
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Ҫ֪Ĳʮ־޴߳ƺŸʦƺžʵܹԽִ󼶱ʤڹϾʹû˵
˹ܺɨһ캣ǵսҲֻǺųܹʦѡ
˼ܸʦУڱʽʰԻʱȫˡ
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ȻΪǵһ漣ȭʦܴѹ벻κΰ취ֵ
ճڰȴǿʦһ־ʵˡ
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ôӮģȻӮˡֱʱѧźȻ
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򹦣ճѧ̫ˣ̫⡢ӽξضү嶼óˡʶѧæ԰ڣһ˵һ档
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û뵽ʵлָ֣Ǵ۽硣һֱΪνĹǵӰﴵأ֪ҲȥѧϰˣҪҸʦȥ
һѧûڵôض㡣
ΪĹˣѾʮͷϰ䣬Ѿˡ
Ůѧճ۹ȫǻȣ֣ͬкԺҲΪĽ
Ÿղ˲ɱĵ棬˶ǼΪ𾪡
սճֻһ๥ͬըըʵˮ·ŢСȵõӿݡ
ܳͻ߶ĵ棬ƺ˶̡
ƻѾԽǵ
Ԭ˹һѱסճ§ղŰŻˡ
̫ܵ죬ͰճײѾҲˣոջѪˣæСķס
ߣҵĵطҪˣһ㣬¶ӣճС˵
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255 ˼ϣ
ճԬ֮»һС·ȥȥڶѧĻĮһɸַ緶
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֮Ĳޡ
ճһ򶼺ܽոմǿУ˽ǵʱɲ뱻˳ͷ
ǾϵȴʵʵڵģҪƲС
ҪҼȥ𣿡ԬЩţճոѪĵòС
鷳ͽ·ߵ־Сճ˵
Ԭճ߳ߣ͹ս֣ô죿
ֱ߰ҿţҡճϥڵϣԬ֧ûעߣͳһŻشһ˦ֽ֣Ϊҽһ塣
ճ̾Ϣһоոջޱȵ壬̱
оƬɨŹϸ΢ѺۣҲ漣ٶȺת
գ֮䣬»ָ״̬õܴϻ
Ԭ·۽ƺоɫһЩЩ֡
գգȴûʲô쳣ͷȥճȻڵأڳһоƣΪأճô߼˹Ȼܡ
شİ׹⣬۾Źۿڰǲô۵ģԬҲûʱʱ̶̿ţ˺ɡ
ճŲûش±Ԭ֪ʲôף˵Ļ᲼һ֣һЩԼ顣
ԬȻǸԱ֮ȴӲϷҹճ飬Ϸֽȫģκһ˶ܸܵ
˵ƭ˵߾磬ԼҲһƭˣճƭԼôҪ˶Σǰ׽Ҳƭˡ
ճѾתԬ֪̬Ͳ˿ݵĺۼճ״̬ˣ˭˵ûˣԬţЩĿõѧҲţмʿҲš
սֳս̱ڵϣĿȫǾֻоȫǺڵģȫûаϣ
֮ǰ緢ҵĳû뵽ȴˡ
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Щ̴Ǻܺãû뵽ϵ´Ͳ˳ⷢչ
սĺҲֻǶԱ˺ֵԼϣȴûôˣ̱ڵأս뵽һ֮ȻûС
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ϢҪ㱨ȥүǱ߿ɻϢΪճʹ䣬û뵽ȴսܿ䡣Ϣ֪ү룬᲻᲻ˣ˾ȥռˣҪһʱ۲̬չʱȴҪȥ
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˵õһȥһҲϢȥ˼ĿɫЩ˷ܡ
йӣճںӰѧԺ̫սػ˴սһ
Ͳ洫ӻôһһէæֻԶ㡣æ˵𺰣ûˣճƾԼʵսɷˣжϺ󱳼׵ȫ飬ʲôҽѧֶζѾȲ
ճôˣ𣿡˵绰ʵ
ͷһҵս̫ĴӲѪӦܵصˣҿԬ뿪ԼжӦûΣա
ϰ֮Ϊǿ󣬼ȻߣǾͱʾû£ǿҡҡλεģҲˣпܾҪһ£ʱ֮ںòˡ
Ǻ֪ճµĹϵƽ˵ս֣һʱ̫̼ܵҪǰŭԼϾͲˡ
Ϊ鱨ߣ껹רҵˮ׼ģ㱨ûвֻԿ͹۵ոռһС
ֻ֪˽ֵĲпᣬճսʱƣȴǿģʵҲҪ
ֻҪ㱨´ô֧Ԯӣⶼùܵ顣


256 ˼£
ռұԺְ˵磬ҿðżķղŰսƾǸӵԸճǱүҲûѡҲֻܴˣǳɹ˿ɲҪҵһݡ
˹ĺһ裬Щ䣺С㼸ʱҿģģٲĺô׵ܵܣôҲһߡ
˵ȥսûб¶ݣҪү֪ͨУ¿ɲð졣
ӦòᣬҵսˣĿڶϰˣ֪ճϢһӦɱˣ˵һЩ顣
Ǿͺáĵ˵
ֵ˵Żְĵ绰ӹһɫˡ
˵ʲôսճƴȻʧˣ˲зϣģ

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Саˣˮֵϣֵѧȥ̫ˡսؼƫ棬˼ǿӦóܲס˺ɣ
Ҳסˣվȣ˼⣬һʵһսճûУ
УӲƴʱս̫ĴУѪˡ
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ְ˳ľҪ뿪
ε㣬ﲻҪ̫ˣү֪ˣҪеܡ
ճүӵļҹʮϸ˵Ҫְѧ͵ѧ;عڿɲְ֣õ˳֣Լֵȥ⡣

ճһᣬɫûǰѿһѪɫ
ԬͽһʿصոСûѧؼңռҼûбҲûӶˣԵЩ塣
ˣôķû˴һֲܿ飬ճȴں
·ӾΪԼõģӶסģ˵УʵΪճϰסһԼ˽ܿռ䡣
ƽȭҲϣԺŲɵ˿š
ԬǺӦҸĸϲ徲ӣոĻҲʮϲ
ճվֱ壬óһ·ϣʮĴ򿪱һϣݸԬ˵ﶫ࣬ܺţ𣿡
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Ԭճýˣ˳־ͽӹţ̣һʱԼ۾
ոջصվվȣʱȴ־ǿ
Ķ˭Ҫ˵һٸšԬԻˡ
ˣҵ˸ոֵʱκˣжȫװġΪųһԣҲ֪ԼʵճЦ˵
㶼ҵˡԬܲĵ˵;ϸߡҲȥճЩˣΪ֪ЩԼﲻæ
Ԭڼﵽιһᣬ˵һỰͷѧؼˡ
ԬʮֿģɲճȫȦ飬һ۾ϳ˺ԬҲ˲ԼϸôͰѴǴ˼ңǰȥߴߴϷ
£йͬ⣬û仰ȵĻ֣ĵûȡ


257 ͻϮϣ
ճһЦҲȥţɫѾ磬ͽ˳ԬһңŪˣһԼգȻͬײƷԼô˳ԣ˳ԵüΪġ
ԹճԬͻ˼ңͿ˳֡
ǺҵĵطʵҲ˵ңֻ˵ţֳܶ࣬ǺǮҹѡء
ѧ԰ֵܱ߽һϾͰţȴǵ궯
һЩҲһЩ
ճҪ¡ưɣԶԶľ˸ط߽ͣһ̳һɫףһţñưȥ
ƷϢְȥưɵʱ˱Ͼʿֲѡҹʮ֮ǰ뿪Ϣ
ԣճҪжͱʮ֮ǰ
ưɹģСճԶԶͼſվվſڡһתǴϺɫףһһ𵴣ľͰʮ֣ٴññѹúܵͣ濴Ϳģ
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мӵĴּǰ·ҲΪˣǰʣֻЩĿһۣջĿ⡣
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ڵְǹϣû͸оһȻ֡ءסԼĲӣڵء


258 ͻϮ£
ճж̵һ֣ӹһӰɱˣҲĶǹ
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259 ӭһϣ
˵ſڣкţɱңʲô֪Ҳʶ㡣
ΪһϢͨĵϴ󣬼Ǳ־ȭͷȭ⣬Ҳܲ³˭ˡʦ׶εսǰ˻ܣԼĽԼ֪򲻹ġ
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ճûп٣֪ԼĸټУݳĻͻᱻ˷ﲻĿģΣա
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260 ӭһ£
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ճԺĵԾϣ΢΢תгһ޵Ĺâбб䣬иƿͬҶӹķͬҡεķ塭
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˾µȭճȻܷŹȻ֪̫ȭ˾ʹѪ֮ƾоƬɨԼӽȭѪзҲʹ̫߰˷ơ
ջ񵹲ѧȭǿɱܴӡ̫Ĵ֮пӵѧ˾ϳ˰ء
ִձֵȭôһҲûӽȭĴ߷֣ȭʹֻһַ
۴򵽵˵κһλֻҪӴ֣ͻԵ棬Ȼȫİ֮ȫ⡢ȫ顣
Ϊ֮һ£ɰѶȫһ̯࣬Կѧͣǿ԰ѶֵĹԭӷӣɷۣ顣
ִ͸ȭҪ֡
ճѵõĿȭôܷŲѧ
վ£Լĸĵϸϸ룬ͻȻһȭ㲨ơ
ˣΪҷΪãɰٴһջܴѧ˴𾢣ѧ˵εնԺӦֶֶһЩĶսִЩ
ճ¶ЦݣѧóԼȭ
˵ճܴӮսƵĻʦӦòõĻԪǣȴô򵥡
ԪȷûбսǿȥսʢһЩճһ㴫žԪǱսĸ֡
޹أ似޹أǸ츳⡣
սǿǿǻʦ̫ȭżΪܡټΪ׺Եպ˵ʵǽС֮ϵġ
Ԫֱͬû֪ǲǻʦ
ǰͳʱʮ꣬ȴ԰ΪʦʮݣһЩȭʦӦսڶȫһһ
֮⣬ǾͷȭˣһҲΪ
νţǲһȫΪ˴֪һ
ճɼǰĻԪͲùʹ֮ᡯĿ˹Ҫ
ǲǿҲھ
Ҵߣô˿ʹҲϾͣͿɵ֪Ӧڰ׶ξͲôһʦ
ûĻǲĿڶԸġ
ʵ絹ǲ˵йӮʦսһ
´ųȭһֵ˵ҲʮأҲճµս
ճȻʵýҲܴӮڶ֣ȴΪԼӻԪв
û֮ǰܵġ
սֻͬ߱ԼСľ֮гۣԪȴʱսűԼһЩˣȫһΡ
ƻĶᲢۡ
ճһֱ¹ΪһӮԼȴѻԪ֮·ս
ǰԼȭȭϡӦÿԲһʤڴսѧá̫Ĵ˾ͻư֮һսİվʹࡣ
һЩջȵճŰȭΪһ¯Լġȭ¯࣬ɱһб

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ͥÿ峿ϲһ˲θǼؼʦľƷÿ춼ɲͬĿζڱӪͬʱôҲԲᡣ
ʹˣϲ徲˶֪һ㣬һͲ˴˼̵ӶͣԼĶҲô롣
ţġ
Ҫøһ㣬ҲԼȭΪܸһͥһֱõ磬ÿ춼졣
ȴע첻ˡ
Ҫս𰡣һ긾˿ĨصɤţԺ޺ͥͷ綷
˵ϴȥ˺ǣ˴ˣ˭


262 Ӧ£
ͥðеصİڲϣһӡۡǴڼ֮УȻôȣû㡣
һʮСӣ˵Ǻӽˣһˡ˻ش
ӽϴûȥǸˣͥĿɭȻ˵ɣ˺ҵˣҪۡ
Ҫ˱Ϳߵ˴˽ʹɫƺʲôҪ˵
˵ʲôϢ𣿡ͥƽϢķŭüͷʵ
ʮ꣬ҲӣȻǹܼݣͥʵϰԼֵܣƽʮΡ
ϹܼҵʵȲȥ˵Ҫͷʮ־ƽմ龮ʮ׵
ǧƵܻᱻ赭дֽǸùܼңһıʿ
ͥʱĸ˵Ǹսһˣϻʵ˳ˡ
ʹ֮󣬰󲻵Ϊ㣬ǳΪ飬ʲôһ㶼
үЩӣҴˣսүֵճӽˣүŹϵе˵Լү֪ҷʱĪ
Ŷʲôϵͥüͷ
С׶ӰսүȥǾǵõϢɱȥġɫᣬΪѵ˵
ĶӣĶӲûҵ𣿰սô֪ģ
˵ռְǰţӦҪˣȲ˵սүȥɱСŸӵΪǲ׵ⳡȴǷڴ֮ͥ£мٺӰѧԺѧšֳмߣˣأƱˣҪóֱ
˵ԭίȴǰѡС㡯ҧúأȻƫ
޵ĿǿָһۣеĲû˷֡
սʮţͰԼҵĵˣЩ˶ƫƫͥЩԣּ̫񣬾սһӵơ
绹иӣǸϢϴǷˣ¸˻ΪʲôҪȥɱͥض˵
ֳĹ˵ʱսүΪճҵĳ裬ҪĹ򣬴֫׽ţ涪ۣӣ͵ɱС˵
ˣͥŭɶ
սͲ̫ԼĻּʮˣڱԼ֮󣬸أѾûլ
ϴϱҲôЩһլҵȥΪˡ
类ݣҪɱĶӣΪʲôطҪɱԼ𣿡
ͥڷȥÿ˼ɫƽ˵ҸԺ֣Ҳ˭ҲȥǶճëҪ˭ţҷź򡣡
ǣϲɲ¶һЦ⣬ʹ˸ɫſһ˾˳ȥ´ȥˡ
үճ鷳һȴǲġ
˵ױ˴ˣȷò֣Ҹúһ£»СˡճҲֵܣôԹȫû¡ͥüͷЩ
ΪȻϣүúܣƢ࣬ײȰӣҪ֣϶ѡ
ѵˣЩ̫ܼ飬˵Ļûʲô˿ˡͥĮ˼
һתȥٲ˵ʲô
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壬ϴȥϷҪȥ÷ʦľ磬ϲ
ͷǸ˫ѾٵСŮϧһجģҲˡ
СѾͷɰһǵҹӣ˸ְսǸʲôˣܳȥ׽ãʲô°ҪΨһĹѪⱨӦ˰ɡٸнЩϲ
ճƺЩ죬ѵͥͻȻعʵ
ϼү˵´ս֮ҸһϵҪ䣬ǷӦսѡһճҪսԪˡЩ仰Ͱճ˵˳
Ŷԭô˵ҲҵСԪһնսû£ȥǿֿܾ䣬ҲбҪһ´ˡžЩĿǰԽԽĿˣҵ÷ǳУܹƻǵĺǹá
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սɲзϲû̫ˣΪƽΪᣬ̫࣬Լ˶ܶ࿴̫ߣռȴһ
ںԼƿصĵϣɱΧһŸ˸֣ҪռҵϵҲɱһ̫
һְֱ͵͵عϢү֪
ְȴ޶˶ھưɣ£ҲٴڣֻùԹԵϱ塣


263 Ѫϣ
үүűֽϵ飬ʵûͼӴ׵Ϊ·еıֽɫЩǳ
Ǵճֱˣ˺ܴΪһҽΪʲôճô顣
θô᲻Ͳ֣ƺǰҲˡ
ѵԼʲôʱòã֪֪
ĵʵճӣڷ֣ôģүүƲģƺûʲôô
֮ͥУΪŮȨûԼô
½½˽ռҴվվ࣬ģռҶ̫үճɽԼ
Щ۵ĲЩռҵϵܹսҵһʮµľӡ
ճڳĻͿԿսҵֽܹɫȻҲһڸ֣ճӵ׵ܵճɽɫڻҪ
үѲ¡ưɵ飬ְүǱϮֲӣְүһȭۼɵУŶӣɱִӱðˣȻɱս鵭޲ƺְȥʲô¡
ռҼҴҵڶ࣬Ը񶼲ôãܹƽûʲôҲûʲô顣
˵òְ˰սҵɼӶˣô𣬾ѾǻڵĸҲһ
ҵֵܲ˭𣿸ںǶռҵˣ϶ı־ԲôճϣĿ䣬Ȼж㣬ȴǾޱȣܹ̤ͥؾճӵǻıԾԲСӡ
ӾưɼܿһңƺǾȥưɵˣưɱûʲô·ı̿Ҳ˵˾˭ֻ˵оүˡ⣬ֵ似ǶһϵֳַһЩװǵ߶֣Ҳų˰ð䣬ˮ㡣սҵ˿۸˵
ձˣʲôձ߸ְߵý
һһԭ»ˣ˵Ϊ˱ճˣү֮󣬱áӭһնĵͷ­ˡ
ճΪʲôô鷳ճüģүӼ߷ְ꣬Ҳֻ΢΢ˮ
һ׷ձߣһԭϵпְүǾڲ֮ȥˡ
˭ңְΪʲôڷںǵһư֮УǱһȭͷ­ȥģǲҪΧϹϵȴƫƫ·нʳúܣһҪѧ˼ڽΪԼǲ֮𣿡
ճһɽƺХһѹǰվżˣǶǰվ
վͷϵĺˮ£Ҳְ֪Ϊʲôڷѧ͵͵ܵư֣֮˲ʵĴ
ᰮ̳ݺ֮ʵֵԸӺȥϰҴ˺ܲүӻģһʵľ
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ףҡվ֨֨˵СϸӰ֮£۾һɶʱ˵ˡ
үү֪СΪڹˣеңԻغˣŸүү밲ȴûüͱ˴һճбɲòļ˵æ͵ؼҺô붼벻˭ڰг֣뵽ճϡ
սҵЦˣ˵ճսôãְʲô˵Ҳûѧߵ
ճڶһۣÿɷʵҵʮǰҾʧٵӤǼ˭ģ
үĻִգǴүԺܼҡ
ʻ
ܼ˽Ŀ⿴ģ֪ճӽʲô顣
ԴȥռҴүվְ֮Ѿ궼ûռҴլҲûмճӵ棬үӵǼ¡
ǿֶϵȻѾˣ۷ڣȴݲñ˺Ū
С˼̫ү
գʮǰ̽Ӥ¼ô˵ģûҵ԰ɣ˵һΣ϶СҵûУ
ճޱ飬ʵ
ΪСȲˣѱ麣ǶûҵôҲһֱûϢܼȫҧҧ˵
ã¹ȻճƽϵĲյһڵҲռҵˣûйҲпͣģļҲᶯͷȥɡ
ү͵Ĺ¡
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ճеĲյءһһӰʹյüģֱֱǶ˽ȥİ׵˳
Ҹģ㲻ϧճЦ˵˻֣ͳˣ͵ڵصܼʬ˳ȥ


264 Ѫ£
ȻϵսɱҴδСǵúã̫ˡҵ˵˵ʲô£Ϊʲôְӷھư
ǣүսҵ̤ǰһ̧ͷһֱۣĶð
վɫĿܼڸǰĲԽԽǿʮֵսҵ˵ʲôõ
ܹռˣʵЩ˶֪սҵүӵĵӣֻΪҪԸΪ͡
һֱүӣʲôݣʵǿռҶһѼ⵶һЩù飬֡
ΪֻүӣͷԾ۾಻ðɰӣЩռﶼɫôʹ򣬸÷ͷ棬ƽûϲ
ְڰԹūƺȴӲ⣬Ծء
սҵ˵үְºҾͲʱ٣ǲǵʲôˡȻҾͷһֵ顣
ְغѾˣǰүռұԺпܰʲô顭ݿɿϢڷˡ֯һִй٣ʵʸɵľɱֵĻִȡôЦǣɱִžͽСְ
ã±˲֪ݣɱֻΪʲôҲһ¶أճһЦڼһ֪үֱǺˡ
սҵ˵ְְҵɱҲ£ϾûڹǳǰЩȴȥ˾һˡ˿ģǱҵİӴϢְսȻ֪˵ʲôսܵɱˣĿ꣬ճû뵽ǣսûаţڴ֮ͥ¾˵ҪɱճԭίҲǵ֪ճݡԭǶүվûҵĶӣǿϲɺأȻҲܾգճʱһͱսǸ蹷ɱˡ
˵սҵͻȻתͷģүҲòɣΪʲô֪Լһ˴̫˰ɡûףΪʲôҪԼҶĶӣѵЩʲôҲ֪ĶΪ˼̳ȨиҪġ
ɫһף˵ʲô˼ҲףðɣճǶĶӣʮûϢ֪˭Ӧҹ͸Ϣڲ뺦ңϾҸռг𡣡
Խ˵Խֱ׳ȴûע⵽սҵȫǳռҵİ䣬һ֮ϵڴϢĿܡ
ճͻȻЦȻռҵ֣ʱȣıԼֵںҲ֪ʲô⡣ǣмҹ棬үүᣬԼȥҶ췣ꡣ
ȭͷá֨죬ɫף֪ԼˣͨճԼͼıȫ¶үѾˣֻû˵ѡ
ԺֻΪһ˱ڼУʲô̳вƲԼеҲ룬ү¶ĴӲı䣬ĳӲˡ
ѵⱲӾ͸һˣҪҪưԺǣҪ¡
Ҳıŭ̫Ѩ߸߹ɫͨѾ̱ˣģײȥ𣿻봫ճǸҰ֣ҶˣΪʲôң
粽ǰ壬ճӣһһذ˸⡣
۸үж㣬ԼļΪǿ
֪ˣȻĵرҲռҵˣϧţȴɲҪ
ճ̾
һֺĳĶҪϺܶ࣬һȴƺħͻȻ̣鶯Ӱһ˹ȥɶ˻һơ
ˡһ죬˸š
ճϣɫЩ˸УһӡĵĵأЩת˲ֱñ䣬˵ȥŰɣôͶռһء
ˣ㾹Ȼҹ򣿡һѪɫԵûҰܣ˵Ϊʲô
Ϊ̱лɳ𣿻ΪռѾ֮ˡ͵Ȳ̫ԶˣŲĻ᣿ճӵһ䣬Ŀһ˿
ǰȥɫֱøӲ
ռں㣬ƿغһЩɫҵΪ¹ƽԼŽᡣЭģǱ˵ƿغˣ֮־ǰãҲ𣿡
ңվµݴģð麹ûԼĵĵ󣬴Сڸѹͳгɳճӵľ䲻ĻҲ˵
ţȻûݣҲ̺ӣΪ˻㱾ݣҲ͹ˣСٲ᷸Ȼɣ˵ңӣռҿ֦ɢҶܺá


265 е֣ϣ
¡ճӲͷͷ˼Ů
ĳԼүүִܼҺģ︴ԣ˳ճӡ
ɵѾͷռҾүүˣүү̫ݡһҪ볤Զչҹ治ǲеġҿóճռûʲôøУҲָүүʹȥ߶߶˵ҲǽܡˣԲƣԽȻĶӣҲνȭ⴫ˡ
ǣ֪ˡľľش룬үү˼Ҫճй˰ɣֱӿڣԼȥء
ճ᲻أүүӦвɨӦûʲôɲȡ
ص˳ȥ
ûվֹһ˵ʲôֲ˵
࣬ڲ¶ôˣƽҲһŵôҲѧ絨ӱСˣ˵ɣ˵ʲôճӱƽ˵
ҡǲǶʲôţճã׽ƺô׵ҽоĺӻᡭվԼϸ˼ʮ˽⣬İʹһЩζ
ƨճӲվͰ͵˵꣬ͽضĻҽܶʲôãҶ꣬˭ʲôǸӾȻ˵Ϸڷʧǻ´ãýϵĶȥˣҲ˭ĺãӽ֣ĺӵء¾ôˣճռûʲô׽֮ģʮİڣʵսܴӮ֣һҽôűƵȥȥڣȥ
Ҳȥ֪ǺӺܾ󣬴СԼվవֹžү̫𣬻ʵ䷴ճķС
ߣ㽿ɲǣʵҲҪǲģû˵Ĺϵͦõģ¶ճӡ϶ܺã˻׽ʲôܣ˵Ҳߵһȥܴٽճռҹģȫ飬ôͲˣµӣһҲѹ֣²ɡ
ү˵Ͳ˵ȥˣӻվȥ
վవ̾һ֪ү뵽ʲôʲôȻ˼ôҲΥġ
ճµʱᱻǿѹȥϣŪʲô¹ʳźá
»ȲˣȻ
վüĻ˾Ӫסլ֮У˲һˡ
ռҲ̫ãŪһЩÿ밲ʽ壬һ㵹Щﱲ⣬ҪճȴǸ⽨ҳ
ڰȴһߡټռң˭ҷ
ҲΨǿԸ񣬲ܰռҷչӴܸǹٷͥ
̱꣬ǺպҴ̫Ҳûɱش֪ճӵǿˡ

ճ֪ϢٶȱҪ졣
ռҿûĽ´֪ˣµһʱ˵绰
Ĺ򱻷Ϲ˽գӴвճ˰졣
ԭΪøԼıֳùУȴû뵽ռүֶʵɨҶ̶ʱ䣬һоʹͣ
ټҹ棬ҲΪ˸͸ɣȻϵճﰵݡ
ȽϵĮһΪ˼ĳԶҲ˵Ͼͷϣʵ˵
һᣬȻʧЦôʲôֲͬռжٹϸ𣬸ռǵıˣҲ̸ϵүүʵûʲôԸҡ
˿ɾͲòˣ۴һԼҲ˵ȥ
룬ȥһ顣
νͶұ
ĻռҰԲû˿ѧ֡
ճ㣬Ϳռׯ԰ȥ
ͨһ˵ճá
ճվռׯ԰ſڣ˵⣬ܿ죬ͼ¿첽ǰӭӡ
ôˣȥء¿Ц´ϢҲͨռҸճһ飬֪ˡ
ҲǺܴŮӣһ˼ճ⣬ǵõϢϴη뿪̬ǲŵģȥ붼벻²ܾ֮ᷳҲûȥҹ
¹ռҵϢųİɣȻƾǵʵʲô¸Ͳᴫ
ûĿһۣͻȻ˵㲻нϴοɰ۸ˡ
ֻЩ鲻ø˵ճЩڨڨһʱһʱ
ϴʱռİˣһ֪ˣٶǰռݣ͹վѪԵϵ֮ж˼׽


266 е֣£
¹ȥȥˣͲʱ̼ǹϡܺãûıʲôҲΪʲôϴβҽεԭ˰ɣֵһԻ֣ҽκүӣֿԣ͵ʵΪճʮֳϿҡ
㲻ǶŲҽεģͣﲻ֪ΪΣÿһЩ
ճЩȻҵʱҲֻܿ϶ΪʲôԭҪ֣Ծ޵˵һ䣬Ҳ֪ûУ
˱˵У䳡
ܾĵģûڳ䣬ճЩȻʵ˵ȥβô䳡ˡ
㲻˵ѧ˰Բβ𣿡üëһЦЦ˵
ҲУҲ˵ġճ˼
˵Ȼ˵뵽ѧڰԲкܴһȭﻹЩġ
û˹㣬֪ЩһңԱ˷˼أҲȽķѪУ㲽λɡ
վͱ˵ӣܻ˿ǵġ
ǰ֪ݣճҽԼүүշתԬճķУҽɷ˶Է
ȻǲɢҲֻѹû̫Ǻճ
ɵŮӣҲĹ㣬¾Ǻһ֡
ССһԹճ֮¾ͱô˵ճܵܣҲˡ
ճһԿţһ˵йһ߽شƷһһ
̫飬ԻĪѡ
ճʶԻʲôˡ
½ȭʱܴȥб󹥻ӭУоƬɨǰԼƵִ򷨻ճʮͷۣʵ߹²١
ս̫ȭʱճָоȭƮƮģʵȭͷȴشһԼڵһСľͻôýϹۡ˵һ顯ʵ
ԲͰƷȴǴܣڱڵķλ𹥻ĿֻһطǾ
µĲԷλһתһƾͱܹԼǣʱضܶһ̶ͣϢ
ֻҪһнӲãͻӭ֮֡
áƻ֮塣
ճΪȭҲþоƬɨ裬ֻǵĽӦУһᣬֱͷ󺹣һʹϵĸо
»˰СʱŰѪк͸ֲһһݣ΢΢
ͣЩʵǲǽ̵̫죬ס𣿲ֻӦ㣬ܲѧͲ˰
ճһЦѧҲûϵ̹ˣ㡣
ЦˣоƬɨͰµİԲ˾ѧ˸׳졣
ֻҪȥԼϰоƬʺԼȭܵ裬
»ְ԰ȭնԶֻ˵һЩƤë
ǸոѧᣬоƬ֮ҲһЩĵãоƺҪ
ճʮģЩˬ˵ĺѧһҪðȭУ͵ѧѧ˼ɣ
ȡЦճ͵ѧȭȻҲЩ棬ճƽֻǸ潻־ѧ˵Ĵ򷨣ôԼôľĽ̵ѧôأ
УԾԣҪˡճ˵Ҳ׮ƣһ̤ӰһΣ߶λλһһת͵µ࣬һϢľͰµϡ
ŵԵĴд˹ճһݡ
ˣһᵱҴᱡ
һæ˵ô㰡ҪĶԵɲˡ
ɫͨ죬ա
ΪȭŽ񲼷װȴǰѵˣ˵ճոڹ˵ڸ䴫оʮֹŹ֡
Լõܣһ½ţæ˼׿յβ㣬Ҹûء
ճЩ˼ʣ˰
Ȼ֪ݣϾûдСһ𳤴ճԾǸİŮӣΣûʲôر뷨ҲЩȻ
ȻǲѧϰȣȻ͵ȫԸô̵ľô
°ںüƣȫһǰȥһɾϮµ࣬ղһޡ
Ӳ๭ڵȴͻȻоұһֻɢ
嶨ס˿ȥճĿģ۾գգģЩˣˮ
ԼʮİȭȻһѧ˲Сʱһж£ѧȥ
ãˡճһµ̬ͰﰵԼ֪ôô԰һȫԸأһ»ôճ
˵°ոտ϶ַˣҪ϶ܵסġ
ˣſǻ
һΰĲ϶ΪҸѧֱţ̫ˣᱻܵġ
ƭңȻճðЩ˵վŲ㣬ҹ

£ˣճɣһЩ츳ˣаãܺãԶһѲϵȴճϱ˳
ͷһ˵ҵ㿴ճѧⲽƷΣ
Բ죬Ҫ֪ǰδѧһΪǴСͿʼϰΪܴӮսš
սҵ̾ѣ۰ԲճļѲ֮ˡ


267 粽ãϣ
սҵʮ꣬ү˴뱲ӰȭΪҲ˰ڣȭϸȭһࡣ
ΪռܹܣѹһʵսȻǿ
һԲԼ࣬Ƕճİˡ
仰ճûʲôоȴǾȵúϲ£ճе㲻һǿʤ˼ɢ١
үүôˣҽȭ̵úðɣҪȻճôѧô죿Ҫ¸ԬŹͨ㣬ȻƽЩСģʵȴǰȼֱӦ֡
ţĹͣúܺãȳԺүү׼òã
һ仰˵Զԣɫκ졣
ճЦеĿ˿ԼŮֿ˿ճԼȫҪκζ飬Щ˳Ȼ˵ŸõĽ˵Ļȫˡ
Ͼ飬̣ȴǲճһ㶼ûʲôס
ճ˹ճӣĳЩһθһβͬѾ֪Լǰˣȴ˼УҲ˵ĿЩд
˶ճ˸˵ǰڷ㣬Ȱ˲κãΣ
ճճĳƺ£ɫЩȻ֪ճֻһʱܲ˱˴ݵתҲȥǿЦ˵ãҪҪʲô׼𣿡
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ʵڲ֪ôռҵˣʮδϵĸҲѲڣܵ˵İˣϴʱһЩ졣
ͻȻүүôеóڣֻװͿˡ
ճȴǺѣճͳУЦøºˡ
ҽߣȻбСȻϲףﻹ˵ġ
ͺðˣճȻľҽΣճӵʵھ㲻ʲô
оƬɨ֮£Ŀûаؿԡ̼ճӼҪѨλѪͨųѪöַƹѪʮʱ䣬վ
ճɫԽԽʮּ٣ǿѹּ飬Ϊճãо˾ΥѪҺ
ãҽĺųƽڣҽЬ䰡
ճӿЦһģڿԾءһ˫ڵϣ˻Σվñֱ
үү
һУҪǰ
ճӰڰ֣ס¡
һٿһ䳡߶ʮಽԽԽ죬ľͱɰԲй
ֻһӰ磬ɳ磬ҵƷ̫үӵβ
һӰճһ̤ʮ֮κηλһ̤βˡ
ճоƬɨϾӰ
ͻȻ䣬ճһͣ̽䳡ԱһСһƮˡ
΢΢һ𣬽š죬Ҷľм׷
ճۼ⣬ĩƮȻһƴˡ
ǵ𣿺ճ𾪡
ҪǸϣٶϲ̫Զû嶯ͻУֹôҲסԲž޴ǱǳԾǸˡ
Ծǵʵ߳Բʵ̫ǿȫɵֵԼʵûһ㰲ȫпԡ
˵ѧ˰Բʵֻþ޴
ǰԵֱֱ˿жûгʤİ취ֻܱӲƴʵû̫ơ
ΪԼ֮ϵĸ֣ͻӮúܼѣܻܿʧܡ
ѧ˰ԲƾͲһˡ
ԲԱֵ֤ĶԣԽսԼĶ֣Ҳػعʵ顣
ƸᲢãֲӽȭһ̰壬ϵ˲øǰһӲӲƴ֤սĶԣʤӼ֡
˵䲻ĻǴ򲻹ҲðԲߣܴӣڲ֮ء
ӱƣΪ֮ʤ֮ʤ
⻰˼Լڲ֮أõ˲ʤȻѰҵзãһٰܵС
ͬսʱ˫𾢣ȫðƻȥðԲоƬɨƶԷʽ飬ⳡսӮ൱ɡҪñȭֱȭԺ䣬Ūȫͷ㱻ս飬ɱһǧ˰١
һսԼ̹֮֮ʵΪǡ
Żش˵ĺ֢̫ˣȻϵսԼҲ豻ɢ˲ɢ
ѧ˰ԲԺͲٻᷢԵ֮ʱսսϵѡͻܴӣӲƴλ


268 粽ã£
ʶ̫үֶаԲճʮ𾪡
ЩȭõӿĽԸһɨա
оƬģһ£ԼճӶϣֱһжӲס޷ӦֵεٶȺ
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ڴﵽǧڴﵽǧΪʦͲܴˣתЧҪǿࡣ
˵ֻҪһڵݽߣս֮ʱʱ̶ܱ̿۷״̬
ڵþ֮ǰǷǹǿ
ճŹһʦһ¬Ӹ߹ٷͻΧɱвƽԭһװװӣһǧʿɱñ
Ȼʮӵֻ죬͸ûһˡ
һ¬ΧʱչλսԷ̹潻棬ֻǴΧʼһԷԷػв΢΢ܿʦ֮ˡ
ǰճԻھʹŰǹһܸ֮ʦһں˶صĵλǹٷû캦֮ǰҲԸԣռƿغǵ磬ֻ۱ֻۡ
ͻƣʵսǿ࣬ںǻûԸΪС
ǿ
ѳɾͣټĺϵĸ־۷壬Ϊȭһˣȭһֱڱſڣδô
ճûͻƵ֮ǰԱֺǾƵȶռүѾûͻƵĻֻôһ
ҲֲˣѾжȥ´һְרϰ
鷳²ĻӦþǻȥģ˭лԪ뵣κ´أ
ճźǵľƣȴΪԪﵣģλһСռңʵǿȻҪôԴأ
ճ֪ճڲһ˵гܲģںǶ꣬ռ³̣²̫ݡĴһƬг˰ҵֻҪٷҪռº֣Щ飬Ҳһ
ӹ񣬸ٷһ㶼ûʲô³ģǿߣǿ󣬻ˮ߱ľӶࡣ
ճʹˣʮͨ͸
ճĿճ˷ƷоƬһһεɨȻķ֣ճӵĲ֮ĳصζǰԲ߷
⾳Զ̾Ϊֹ´ڵİԲ΢һЩ
иոϸۿɨоһճȴͣ
СѧҽˣϷϼ꣬ͷĸκˣôлҲݡ˵˵ɣҪʲôȱǮòռҲǮ
ճǺ⣬ճ۹òˡճĴƽԼѵѧ츳Ǹ
ְֵԸȴ֪ǿȥˡ
һ˵ʸߵöԶվöߡ
ճ֪ճ뵽ʮû棬Ҫúòһ
Ǹ˰ԲƴУҵʵֻǮƣ϶ʱ˹˹̾֯ͣҲˡ
ճЦ˵װûճӵʻ֪ͷҪԼһүүƫƫвڡ
ϾôռҾһֱǸİطҲϰ˸Ϊ
ճӳĬһ£ЦǺðɣߣռҳԷɣҸոպתͲˣԺпն߶
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˳ĸ⺷ȥɱεƣ˶ɵԶԶܿƺһֻҪ˵ϻ
үȥճ鷳ϺͿҸױУôܲȥҪȥھǻҵ֮أ걻ΪһһˣĸҪ࣬ʮѾþֲһְøӢ޲ߣȭƣȻԪھҪǿࡣ
Ԫųƾһһ֣ҲֻǸоӢ䣬ͬǸݱԣȻȴֻǹСȦе
겻ͬͬһ䣬ͬ֯ͬθֱ䡣
һ˫ȭѵӪĸ޿κΣռֲһְ
һ֮ݴϱѶȾҪࡣ
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ξ׼ȥճ鷳
ҪΥֵܾ𣿵˺ǻӡһ˹˵
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ΪճսӽȭҲˡ
һӽȭǸСҰѧϰϳȭԹԵø״ƫƫҪȥ롣
үǷذɣȥˡԶԶ·վһˣЦǺ˵Ƿ
ҲңϲԽΪܣҲǻڣôסңѵû˵ҵ̫ܶ໯ʦ𣿡սЦһ˵
үүߵͣûа֮ģԴӷּ֮󣬶ûѾϰԸԴ
үԸģִⲻ˵ҾҪҷˡүȻ̫ڴ¯࣬ҲвִӰɣҪ֪ҿɲֻһүˡ
Ű£·ߡſ߳߰˸ź£еն̽һˡ


269 ȭ׳ϣ
ܵһУƷĻԶԶ뿪峡ˡ
ھǣҹ˼ҾȻĴʣҪжһжÿ̵ƣֶܾ֡
ЩϼһЩר˾ɱ֣࣬ÿ˶Űʵһʲôһ̫࣬鷳ˣοŰһ֪ǳĴǰ档
ܵѪɱǶԼģҲΪԼΧ֮һʤ
㾹ȻѼˣҲ̫˰ɣֻȥ游ױҲдŭȡ
үķԸɲүһȰ񻹲Ҽðֵ㡣˵ȴûʲô˵үȴǿһµĺӡ
ãܺãСʱүү˵ʱΪѪơѪɺӣھźܴ֪ʹˣܴܲ򣿡
үԣ㴫е̫Ĵְʽǿ󡣡
д⡣üбʹøӢ޲ߣͣôΪԼȲһҪײĵͷһԼϹܼҡ
ԼǱɹүүԳ֣ûаֿڻ׶Σžǡȭһ֡ǰҲ˿塣
ʵµ㳾ͬʹܵ˰ĸǰҵţ˫תźŰͷϺȻ¡
ȭޱȣȴ־սִÿըȴͬ
е˻ΪʵҪһЩеȴף侢̣øת֮裬ǰ̫ȭ˹ǿ̫ࡣ
뻯
ﵽ۷׶ʱ־û򵽵֮ǰйȫѪתӪһȵӴˣͱƣϳȭĸ߶δ򷨡
ЦǺǵ˵үôᣬͰ̫ڴϣزʵǾžޣˣȴǲġ
鶸Ȼһ࣬˫ֻһ㣬ֻƽڿлһߡ
ɸ죬Ծ󺣣˫ֻӰһʹȭʢ֮
Ŵǿһ㣬񣬰Ȼʹˣȴûɢʰһ
䡭
ֽӴһɾ紵ͻȻա
ƺһһվȵϣƲס߰˲Ѫ죬Ҳһ˿Ѫ
ЩȻĿŰ˵Σ̫־Ȼﵽز
ִյ⾳
ۣȭȴǼΪʮǰѪ֡ȫȫɱġȻרԣײ֣ȴ˼ǵš
Ը츳ˣΪ֮ͬûܵסԼ뻯̫Ĵȴͷһ˻ȥ𾪵Ա
ܵ˵ǲأܵĴȴǼһʱãȻʧ
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ϴɭЦ⣬˵ٲͷųȥĸȭָ뿪
ĳԶȥˣҡһ£ۡһ³һѪ
ܹܣ壬û°ɣ
ڰֵ޷˵СˣȥһͺãϾʹˣȲ˻
赭д˵ţȴЩʧ䣬Ͼ˰ʵѵһţ̫ĴѾء뻯ټϴޱȸͣԼصȭ确֣Ҳޱȳ
ΪҪһ˵İŻȥӲĽһʽ̫ȫգȴܲסɸͳˡ
ȭĴ׶Σһء켫ڶءڻͨء뻯ء
ȭ뻯ǰ·ֻļֹΪԶǱ޴󣬲̫ȭһ֡
ȻȭߵͲʵߵܴͣܲҪÿ˵ľ顢ǻۡͬΪʦڸ֣ȭһ㣬ͻһЩʤ㡣
˵ȭ׳ȴǴʶһУռһϷ磬ʵϰԼף˵ñҪضˡ
ŴȥųɾľԼ̫ʽʵսǿվǴ
ʮ꣬Ϳʼ۰Ծǵĺ֮㣬ʵķʱ
ѾͷҲֻܰﵽˣӵ·չҪԼߡһºսޣϣҪˮɣҵᱨ𣬿ܻʮա
ͷĬһ£̾һ˵ظȥ㱨үûһأȻ˵һ֮ȥսռңӦþͲ͵͵ȥǶԸճݵˣҪ档


270 ȭ׳£
Ԫһգ硣
һǸӣǻ꣬Ǻ´սӣճ´һְ͵
Ӯһ֣źôճżĺô
ʵճôôҲ˵ֻ˵˵ĻȵһԪƿغ´ƾرԸСǼأԤϵõճں֮ء
֮ĸԴѹͷö
ԣ˾ǰＺ
һ죬鲢ûѧһѵõķ٣ճÿ峿εʱľϽͻԼҸԹԼСһȥ֡
ԴӼҾתҲѧ˶ഺŮʽǰǰֻѧУͼܡճּɡ
Ȼѧഺʱ͵õĻʢ겻ˮʱȥഺԺʹ˾Ϳܻڡ
ճЩϿģúеȰͬһ֣ɻÿʵԸ
ʮһֱúǳΪвĶԱһ˹ûѣϣһдãȻúúòʧȥһЩ
ߵﶼѩһҲûʲô۵۸ճҲûʲôġ
ճԹͣϸϸĻһѧоûʲô©֮ǰ´
ѧԴ֮ճʱոս֮ʱǿ࣬ԼٵĶսǿ˼֡
һ·ǶһЩյգһЩ̼ҹףҲһЩ̵Ļӣ׿͵ĵĥ÷
һиճ޹ء
Դӹȥ֮˾ͺٹڣǴʮҲֻһٺóԵοһԼᣬ͵ˡ
ڰ֮飬ᶼᡣ
˼һˣҲ̸ݣ治ϼƽ͡
ճ˳Ԫ˼ѹĵףֱֱ´ȥ
´ĹʱУʮ֣ٷƽҪ£ȴûôࡣ
Ϊд¼Ժ󺣳´򣬺ܶһ˽ţϱʮ˷ܣһЩڴֱһ
ԣ컹ǹڣԪĴͳա
տ䳡ҲϺɫ̺мһԡ
̨״ΣʱЩ˾
ҷص˺ܾԶֽԵĳ档
ʵҲǲ࣬´ľǿӣԺʱΨһˣְλҪҲĵζսҪǰĴкǲ١
Щûѵˣɫ嵭ƽͣк;ҪкǼλ
мͷһǺռҼճӣ˲κãȶ˱ڵʵź´Ķս£Ȼܲ
˵ϳѡ֮ճڹ˽ճӶռں̷ԣǵľû˱ġ
ȻվսҵܹǲүңҪҲٲ
ճӵŵһŻɫ޲·ˣűǹરવų̣Ǿ̫ͥ
һ´ֱϯ̨ûͬճ˵ͷһӴƫ뿪ȥӦûǵʱĲ졣
ͥҲһӣһЦеţǰͥĹܼҡ
ûԼүǰ֣ϯ̨ҲЩסĿſЩȺɨӣƺҪѰʲôˡ
󣬲Ҫżʱ仹磬ǻСӺǸСճô絽ġͥЦ˵
үôܲżأ˵Ѿͷú󣬲֪ǲģͲûվʱˣҪݣվſȥ
ͥȰЦЦͲȥᣬʵҲδıС
ԴĻؾǺϸϸʹճҲ֪һЩճЩôġ
һ˵Ϊ˼֤սй񣬻˵ˡ
ȻĻڱصõһȨᣬҲŲءǵģͥͰ󶼲»Ӯô˴α䣬Ϊսֻ߸
Ծǹ˼϶֣ͥ˭ҪϤ
֪ҵļεĳɫھҲһָ֡
οǼıž֧֣´һְ䡣
ӽȭƵôҵġ
Цӯӯճӵޱ飬ͥ͵׵һŵĻȴǾʮ㣬⡣
ǻҵĴӣǺӡ
ܲûҸһͿսǷӮʤˣֱʮþȵ顣
ھǻȻžľ޴ܵ˵ȴѷɫһ
һ֮ʲô࣬ҲǼʵ磬Ψһԭҳ˸ꡣ
ʮһսǸʦӥצһս


271 򱳣ϣ
ǻԾھǵһʦרǮٹ˰£ºܴļҲ
һӥצϬݶ֣ȴмȻѾʮ꿪⣬ȴϲһЩʮСֻҪ˾ǧټƵҪŪ֡
ҲΪãˡ
˫ãڳǰ֤°ޣ䶨
ʱֻûΪӮĽȴ˴۾
俪ʼʦԡ̫Ĵȭһצϱۣ
Ժͻһ˳ơһ˾ǡ
꽥ʵһʮʱʹﵽ˻ڣһЩһʦѷɫʮ꣬ʵǸޱȣǴӸӢжþֲһְ졣
ôһ󱲴ڣҾǼǿ֮Ҳ˲١
ΪǼһӻԪսûôֲҲûôǿ
ǱΪһһ֣ΪͬһˣûдӮ֮ǰһһЩɫ
ҲǸɫżȻھûõ̺Ͱ۹תϺߵһ麣һֱǷȻĻģҵȴΪڹϵӰҲǼ
ܶú´һְͼıȭݺǷֲǻҵʵͻң
̴壬꣬ͨ˾һЩϵֵܾһЩϿɣ˵ټ˼
ǰһֱչܺãɵͷȴû뵽޿޲ɵͻȻԣԼұŮǰ̨ƾ
Ԫ忴ƽеЦݣȴȫЦֻϯ̨˹ֵ컹öлλˣƿغ֮һм򴦳·ʽ桭򴦳ľĽܱ֤ȶгﶨ»ԪҲ̫ƫ
ͣͣͷ⻰ʲô˼ƺᴦһְģѲҸոմ˸˯ⳡѾˣһԪѾλ𣿡
ͥѱǹǰĲƵ£Ĵ䡣
Ϳ߻Ԫһоƿ֮е̬ȻҲΪο޷ֹңǼͷϻ˵ɪ
ҲǸھǶʮԩң㳪ϷҾͲְ̨Ϸһֱ˼ʮꡣ
ͷ˼ǼһԪζ᲻죬ѵҵҲҪһ֡
Ԫ˫ĿԲϵĶͷϸֻƣͶޱȣ˺Сġ
ͥΪϻһ㶼ûнд
ЩѾû𣬵һȴȫ֪ʱ¡ɽڻĳƺţ绢ս˫һ˴ǹɽˮùŷԶ
⻰֮ǣ겻ҪǵֲһְᣬһӮˡ
ͥǿ˳ۣƲƲ죺򴦳ûΪȭһǳصĲɣȻս϶һЩգͷɱ˵̫硣
սȼԼϣһЦǺǵ˵ζսĳֻǱСŮû취д²ߡνĶսҲ߹ûʲôϣҿֺǾͺá

Ԫ¶Ц⣬Գ˵ú󷢣ӵ˵㿴㿴˼ûͷϹʲôǼԪԳ⻹ʲô
ͥһۣ´ǰȫǸˮѹúǽһƬг˭ԹȻгˣԱĲȶŰҲûʲôìܣܲ˵ʵһ֡
ȴ֪ĲȶشʱЦǶΪûʲôƢĺпɾˣºЦݵֵأֻײ֡
ճӲŽս»Ǳڳ֪øһЩ֪սƶʵȴճһıġ
˵ճ£ճôҲŵġ
̶̵ĴνǸʮûСһյʡ͵ĵƣ˵ţȴҲƵǴ
ΪӮˣճӻĲš
ϯ̨˸˼ϯ̨µ´ְԱҲǸִһ۲ݡ̨дбַͬЩ˲ǳಲࡣ
ǻ鳤϶Ӯ⻹ʲô˵ģҿЩ˻ǳͶϵĺãҪȻȻ鳤㣬ǶڵĸнɾͺĪ
ǰ鳤Ԫ鳤һְⲻЦʵ̫Զˡ˵ôû˵йģһŮжһԱһã˵


272 򱳣£
һֱƹҲ鱨飬ʱ⸺鱨Գȭ֮еαҽرǵжȻᱩ¶Լݱ£ЩһЩȻá
кôҲл
ôǽܿǶ²ûʲô̫֮ģ´ĿУһƿ
鱨ôʱ֪ȴǾԲôģٸԪǸĲ硣
һΪ鳤Ҫս˵˵ѣû뵽ģпʤˣһҪȫûˡ
һ۾˳ü˵
Ļ˵˵Щ˳˼ã鱨óжһһǴ
ܰؼûҰģЩµ»пܼ´ȥ̵ִĸһԪ
˵ĻǾļݹҲǲܡ
ԪСǼ´ǳģ˾Ϊ֪һ㣬úܲҡ
Ҫȥ鳤ʸãһϵ˵ʱ飿һʵ
ҲЩǽͷݣͲܶ鳤еİƽ鳤ǻɵĹźĴʲôѶǽˡؼʱЩǾȻҪˮȥԪĳţЩ˵˵һԲȻŭ
ɲô˵Сһ˳ԱȫҶҲ֪׹ҿҪҵģٸһӮʵ˾ʲôǰ;ȥҶᱻۣ˵ǲǣ
ǰӣҲû취밡ҪǵȵԪλ㣬ЩɨֵĹҲ˱ɲġһ긾Ů˸˵칫շԱġ
㡭ӴŴǱˡ
ˣӣҪ˷Ѵࡣ˸־ǿҪȥͶԪȥɣסԶԶ߹ɫƽ˵
鳤
˵ЩĿһ£뿪ֲ˼վʮ־ᡣ
ȴЩЩԭǵļˮƽռ鱨ɵѧ˼£ģȡ˵ġⲻͬνʧֻһݹ̸ϱѡ
οǣʮˣҲ˶ߣ˹֮⣬߰˸ǸԼͬ˵ģҲ֤Լ˲ôʧܣȽϵġ
ճһžͿһĻ־磬Ŀ£Ϊоۡ
ʲô£
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ʮֺǿĹ˵龰ӦһĪĴɡ
Ȼװ⣬ճһǼŪãڵѪ
̧ͷһ۾ͼճӰҴҵȥæס
ճô鳤ˣոյء˵绰ɣ˵ã˵ǧӰľ
ôˣ˵ŵ㿪ʼŸչ˵㣬ôɣҲȥӦ͡ճֵʵ
ճ˵ˣֻڱԵʱϳҪ̫£˵л
ϾǺ´ˣ̫಻á
鲻׷ҲûʲôҪ׷˼һ˵ô£˵´Ĵ£䶼Ҫˣ
ȻµԸˬЩͱ˵Ŀһعˡ
ںճں
ϣС͵صճѾЩϳɣò¿ǵöһЩ
ȻλͲ̫ķͷ
ζսҪʤҪʤƯҪ´һְҪΪ±㹻ǿű˰æԼɡ
ҲճһҪ¿ʵԭڡȻһ죬°ѡʹ֮ᡯøľٶҲиж
Ͷľϣ֮袡˱ҲΪҲ
˵¾ճһת۵㣬ֳΪת۵㡣
ճ򵥣˼ҲӣֻǰԼһ澵ӣӳ䣬һֱżȷĿꡣ
һΣȣŸ
ƽʱνķͷû⣬ȴУ»ͷճɣӮҲˣԺƿغǲ˵ƣð
ճֱȥ˶һۣ˶Էʲô
һ˵ʲôǼٵģչҪʵ
ʵˣٴٵҲûãʵǿǾʲôҲ˵ʱҲͶ
򱳣Ψһսѡ
ճ̧ͷԶԶȺǰһ߸ƮŽɫӰԡ
ӦþǶսνġ족ˣĽͼӦǴŹٷȨ
ʱڷչҲŴԽƷװͼżɻ䣬ִЩֱǰ޽ɡ


273 ԣϣ
ջ˵˺ܶˣҼˣһٽһȺֺﲻһ͸´ǵ֮Ƶģ﷢¡ոջԪﻹ鳤ǰɪƫƫǻܻ죬ˡ
ǶսҪģֲǿ˭˶ڣ޵Сӣ鳤ϣǾˡճνش
ѽӶ˶ţôҲ̬Ȱ鳤һ˵ǣǾͲеѪԣǿȥ
ӻǷԸ񣬸˵һʱԿǸĵǰ׷ڷ߷߲ƽͻȻһ˵㿴㿴㲻ȥһԪ鷳ˣҿô
ճ̾˿棬Щ㲻Ҳеġ
յСӣ˽죬ĺǳ׵ͷˡǼӺܿҪҵϣʱܵġˣ²е£ɽ־ܺŪȥҲҵ۾Ԫźɫоװ޳ͦΣž⣬Цúܵ⡣
ͦص˹ƺ˱ճʵʤȯա
ճƽЦЦ⻰ǵӮôְλ˵ɣ֮磬˵ˣҵǰſ񣬻𣿡
꣡Ӷһ࣬Щǣճ˵ȴһʱûסЦ
Ӧ˵ճûԪһͷƻʪ龰ˡ
Ц³ıҲɶЩ΢΢ҲǴλԪǱ
мԱҲ̿ȻЦôûûΣ͸¶Ļ֣Ǹ˶ܿó
ԪЦɫ͵Ѫ죬ŭճбµȻʱЦѾ˵ˣһҪúõк㣬ͷһڶ
ݡ
ڳ˵Ȼ֪˭ǺųƾһһֵĻԪ˼һӰˣþʮݲҿӭսսˡ
ԭǹơ
ճЦԪоۼֱԼݡ
ԽԽʮֲϲ˵һ䶼˷ѡ
תͷ£ȥԼϯɣ̫ˣЩҪһ¡
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ӯӯһЦ۲紺ˮĻš·ȥ䳡࣬żλ
˵뿪ȺûԪһۣ׼ճһĻԪķζҪըоһȭڿУô
ƫƫܷ𣬱Ϳ쿪ʼ೤
ʲôٶעһȣ˿Ц
˼ճƺоʲô̧ͷȥͼ䳡һ׳ƿҰĺӿ˹ĿŻ棬ۡ
ǺԼʮģһ׾ңƤʹͭɫ̵ͬʯһӲʣĿлһ̵ֱζűͦװڳߣͻ߾ᡭ
ǾǻԪĸԪˣ˵˰˼ȭʮһǿĺ򣬷Ϊǿ󣬺ѶԸ±鼫Ϊࡣ
ճ˵ͷĺȾ֪ӲӲķ񣬸ӲƴܻԴң¶ˡ
¶ʲô²ͷ˹ãûճ˼
ճЦЦ˵ǰ˵ԪܴӮʦܿѾͻ˰µûǻʦ𣬶ǻڣһҪͻƺˡ
ʲô
ɫˡ
Ԫ߰˼ȭϺӲͲöԸʵ綼ԼΣ⻹ô
ģԸֻҪӮǰԪͻԪˣͷճԪͷһġ
δ֪Ķǿµģ̨ϵĵҵԸķӡ
оƬɨлԪϵжߴ磬ɫǻڵı֡
ճķ֣Ԫڹ֮һ˿ͷ˿һСĽɫ֤ԪѾҵͻƻڵķӣֻҪʱ㹻ϻȫѹ
ʱϵǴĽɫˡ
ϲͷء°һۣ˵ճɲҪǿ۷ʵսҪǿ࣬еĻͷɣ´һְøҲûʲô˵һھзۣɱմѪȣǲ֪飬ɱзƷеơƷĵĵطƷӲսѳֺԪھбʱйսѡ
ԡճĬĬ
µĻ
ֻҪ˱䳡ʱ˶ûˣԪ飬ԼܵܳһĻԼ鷳ɾʹˡ


274 ԣ£
ճ˹ԪһЦĿȴûаЦ⣬ȫǱ䡣
˹ճһᣬ˵㣬ӿս˵ʵϴλԪ࣬ȻǺúù֡
˲Ǿ˳˵ֱֱ˵ֵ˼ȫԸƾı԰ɡ
˸ĺһԹۿ´Աȫһ÷·һͷҰǶݺݵĶš
̷ӦһոոϵãԪƣȫһ
´£Ϊɽ־ֵľֳҪ´Ȼܲ±仯
ҪǻΪճ˲ò
ҪڻԪ֮ѡһƿغ´̷Ӧ϶ѡ¡
ȲΣԸۣΪ˺ˬϸ걸ԪȴҪǿ̫ࡣ
ԪΪ˰Եᣬһ˳ĸоžǴ屳֮ʱûʲô˼ɡ
ΪһʿԸҲûʲôмѹţҲֲʲô£ǳΪһƿߣЩˡ
̷ӦЩģûԪõ´һְ᲻Ѻǵľ򲻿ɲԨ
ô죬ԪھǶźܴ˶˵ܴӮʦЩ˲֪ǣӮʦɲһ㻯Ǿ̹֮һҡ˿ִˣʵﵽڵĴ֣˶УճôĶ̷֣Ӧɫܲÿ
ϯ̨ϿȥϴЦ⣬ĳһУȻԻԪʵǷģΪαʤɡ
ڶϣУҵȥճ˵˵ǱˡʵԷ̫Զûͬ˼»ѿսɲдϼÿһᶼƴȫȻˣ޷ص˵Ҳз
һｹҪǰȥ
㿴ճɫûʲô仯Ӧгɡһûյ飬Ĳһͺ˳սˡ̷Ӧæסһ
гҿճСӸͲ֪ԪʵΣսȦӲãһЩѶԸĳָû˽⣬пܴӦȻȥ̨
ţʱҲæϯ̨뿴Ԫ˵ʲôҪʲô
ԪʲôҲûֻǸճ˵Ϳ˵£㻹ǳɣƾǵı£ûӮġֻҪӦҵܵܵĻ£յСӺúõǸʾҾͿԼ顣
¡ꡱһЦǻֵ˵һǻ߰úܡս֮ǰȰԷͶĵһôˡ
ճȴûЦ΢΢üͷﰵ˼֡
޲̾ͳֶԸңȴװʮִȵӣһװһסһԿԪܵҪǿࡣ
ճԹۣ뷴༥ȴµԪˣܵһôҲܼ޸ġ˵û֮ǰʹԲѵ˵ҪʤĹǿˡ
Ԫ߰ͷճ˾Ầ£ȴû뵽ճʮֲڿ̡
Ĺǿ˵˼˵̫Դ
۾һ¾ͺˣ䶢һִۣһ˿ɱ⿴ճ˵ȻôģȻͺúܱɣŻġ
˵Ҳɫֱ߻ϯ̨º򳡣ɱȴǸŨ˼֡
ճŻԪıӰ˼תͷЦһǵһμԴ˷أ˵ûԪĶСҪûһĻŪһΪ˵ġǿնһ˿·ǳƨгױŭˣȻһ˼Ѫһ֡
𣿡Цʮֲһֶط顣
ճЩ⣬֪ʲôԭͻȻö־ʮ㣬ܻ棬񼫶ܣʮ־ˡ
ΧЩ˳մͿ֪״̬Ƕô
ôһСᣬʱѹ˳ʱϯ̨׵һžװϴ˳˵ʱѵλǰǿǲڿʼ䡣
Ǻǽ»˾ҲǸ˼ϵĸףΪˮ¥̨źǾָЩϵ˫еǣξͱΪмⳡս
Ͼ´Ҳ²ţҲֲӵһ֣Ȼ֮⣬о߹ڳⳡʽˡ
Կʼˣȫˣĥĥ䣬㶨֣һøʱأԪδ֮ҲҪм䡭
˵úһӮƵġͥܵһԹ档


275 ѡ֣ϣ
ϸɿݵĽƤһûס༥뵽Ҫ䣬ٸͷ̣̫˷ʱ䣬װûһ
ΪսķˣӴʱʼѾжȥ´һְֻܴһȷûġ
תͷճͥǶǵͷЦ˵ǾͿʼӮҪ˺㵽Ϊֹɡ
ûȻ˵ϯ̨»ԪͲԵ䣬Ǳȵʵս־ˣ㵽ΪֹʰɣҲ޳ɡ
һ䣬̨һƬ´ɫˡ
ʲôѵҪԸһĳ׺𣿡
鳤Ҫĺ˱䣬붼Ϊġ
ԪΪԼʤԲùظסֽţ˼ԼܱܵҲ˵
֪ԪﱻճܹʱµһسӣҲ˳µ顣
ҵǾûԪ˵ĺеʽ䲻СӹҼңе㵽Ϊֹĵͬʦֵܱ䣬Ҳȫʤ̸ۣдУ̫ʵʡ
һһսʿдʵ˵
ҿɴû鳤ֱӵδˣȸʲôʱ䲻ɵ顣
ЩΪѣ²ĳһ˾ģдķʽ߹ˣ뷴С¶ճҲ򲻹˼ֵܣֺαȥӲƴҪ˶಻㡣
Ȼ֪ԪΪʲôǿҪȫ֣ѵʲô⣿ȻȥԼ̨Ǹ˵ҿȫͦã´ҪаһһζºִȻǲɵġֻǿ鷸ƵĽ浶ǹı䣬ָ˱£ҲΪѡʵĴѹ˳档
ԣճͻȻ˵
ͥͰȴǿŸվһճһʱҲûע˵ЩʲôͱֳĬ
ȻѾͷú񰡣Һڰͥ˵ᣬҪǰʱ̹עҲ
ģүǿţԪʲôֶˣҲ롣һ˿ΪʲôճҪͽ´أԪʵʮǿԶģѵʲôΣ
˶ͬȫԸı䣬ҲЩˣ˿ĦȭƵĻֵܣٿճ£ȴȫһƽƺûʲôﲻһ
ȻҶûǾɣұϾǵˣֵʱǵ֣˺
⻰Ѿ˵úˣȻǸ߱ˣҪŮиôСֽȻԼһȫȻûģҲǻԪʵûʲô뷨
˵ŻȫһżգߵļͻȻתͷ˹۾ɵϴ
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ԭոųͬٳǣȻǵĵط󣬵ȴĲûһҲоֶƣ֪ȫ֪ˣͷȫǱڣĻǵ
ͷһĿ𾪣˿Ǹʡ͵ĵƣΪЦǺǵģ˭ҲӣҪ̫עȴûϵԭֻǱ
˲¶󰡣ϷдºպȷҲǵ֮
ȻΪȭһ֣֪֮侹ȻѾɹʮ͸ҴأôĵǣƫƫɹˡҪǴ˳ȥֻ䶯ճӿɫЩӡ
ռ֮ںһֱؼҹɭһԭ򣬲ƴһԭ
ԼͻƱռҴӴԺռϷ磬Ҳû̫˼ɣȴû뵽Ҳͻˡͷǻǵñԭĸ֣˭Ҳѹ˭
ɲռ޼ɵܹŲ֡˰ĺгȶüأһûְҲԹۡ
οǵδʲô˵飬ס
ɽûʲôдֻһڣھǨְλƵʱҲֵֻĿһۣое¶Աһ㣬ûֻ̫࣬Ǵ˵˫ϳ˳ʤ߿ԼӦս
һ䣬һʮ߰ľȲһԾ䳡Ȼ˵һԪָ̣
΢΢ͷ˫Ŀӥճ̫Ѩ߸߹𣬿Ѫʢ֮ĺǿ
Ҳǻҵѡ֣ڻҵĺͼռмҪĵλ


276 ѡ֣£
ȭֻȡʮµľӢԪѡһ±ԪҲԶ
ֻΪӣԻҲûлѴʸ·ֻԼƴ
ǾǻǺǣǻصУĴ壬Լӵӵȥؾ硣
ؾһ棬һ棬Լ崫УԴΪǲȥȡһãϣɾҲ͵ȥ
ΨЩʵǿڼûм̳ȨӵܣŻȥһǰԶ
Ҫôİ磬Ҫôѧɹʡ
ɹʡ
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ճȴûп̨ϵĻԪҪϳˣоƬɨжʵָơ
תͷ˵˵ʵΪڣȭӦǫ̀ٶȣΪɣ㲻øƴʽϵ̫ôӮҲÿ㣬̾ͲȣֻҪԾƶ̣ʡЩ
Уǻҵһӳ̽·ʯʤԽԽǰɣˡҧ촽ЦŴ
֪ճ۹ʮ־ˣ˿»Ͼûд˵Ԫ̲УǾĲС
㣬Ȼõսʽ
ճЦˣκã˵ӮԪ֮󣬽ӦǻԪˡʵҸǰǴ򲻹ģǺǡ˵ǣһ㲻ҪʲôֶΣʲôԿʵ鶼Ҫãֱ壬ûᴦһְ
⣡
ŹʣûԼƴԪ
֮˾޴ѾԶԶԪ
ѵӪ˹Ӱǰ棬ȭ磬ٶȫԵһʦ
ճԣҲǳѡ֣ճ˵սˣ󾪣˵ʦôܴùǣʦ㿴˰ɡҪȥ̽̽Ԫĵף˵ʵԪҲȥɲǺöԸĽɫ
ûҪͷĿŰɣһȥ֣û뵽ĳЩˡĻȥܣǺӮҲܶӡſ´չ磬ѧ㶫ɡճ˵
ƣʲôҴ򲻹ǣʲôúѧŵ㣬ȥ˱ӽ¶ԷһûʲôѧôãûͻƣճĲһ㣬ֱ֮ѹָ󶼷Լϰˣȫû̡
˵վϱ䳡С
ûҫʲôֻǾĿŻԪ˵ְɣԪİ˼ȭǼˣ֪ѧô֣ȫɡ
Ԫ־ĵһϳʵǲʹġ
һĴžǺǵʵȲϾǣҲûʲô֣ΪԪϵӵܵ̽·ʯһ
úչһԼ߱ˣȻԪҪ
ԪΪԼǸֵ֣öԷضԴȴ̨ȫɿ壬Ȼ࣬ȭĽ䱸ʽûڳ
ԲԼﰡ̫ˣ˵±ȻԪʵҪһЩʲôʸþӸµ˵
ãֻϣ㲻Ҫ˵Ļںûʲô֣Դ󣬾ʶʶһʲôǰ˼ȭ
ԪɫĮѾȥ˼˶Էǲǻǳʲô鷳
ȭ޸ӣûʲôŮ֮ô־Ͳ顣
һţ粽ǰ壬ǰѹúܵͣͻɽ
û嵽¸ǰšƣ⣬źХ䣬ƾˡ
ͻӲɽ
ԪǿΪŮӣƣһ־ˡ
һ仰ǡȭ⣬ⲻϥָɱԣһЩǿȭʦŷһ㡣
ȭͷȥٶȿ죬ȻȲⲿɱ޴󣬸Ȳϥ
˼ȭʮᣬƱӲƴ
ܵסҲѱˣһȭʦ˼ȭúܺãǿ彡׳ֹʽ޽
Ԫİ˼ȭȻüãĶһ磬Ͷ
ճٶȼһ㶼ûǰһԪѾ˵µĸǰߴӳĵĸ⽿СͻµСһ㣬ƺһ˲䣬ͻᱻ˺ɷ顣
ãʦΣˣô㰡ӽȭóŲ㣬Ƚػд˰̨̲ס
鳤ΣˣסˣǷ˰ɣǧ𱻴ˡ
ջĪѪģ鳤ĴŮҲ֣Ȼûһö


277 һžͷ
ܹսȫᵽɤԣŻԪһй׺ᣬȴ龲վú޲̨ȥ
ϯ̨üҲоԾˡ
µʱӦ䣬ӦˣѵӲӣ
̫ˣӽǫ̃̄ͱ˴򵹣ŪûҪˣǺã
ȴľ°͵ļŻ׺룬ϱʮֵ⡣
Ԫǻзһźӣȭһص㣬籩ꡣ
ֿ죬ж졣
һ־ͻ⧲ԸӦǱٶŻˣһʱӦ
ԪһƷ磬µľ࣬¾Ͷˡ
ͻȻ㵹ʮȽǣͻȻסһȳɹһȴϢľض𣬶չȻ͸Ÿվ
򵥵һʽƲȡµĶûһ˿̻ͬ£紵ҶһжʮȻʱյǡô
һ߳ǶҪ֣ɵʱ
ԪĶϣ⣬ǰ㣬ôҲղֵûôӦԣͱһŵ״
ءһ죬ԪߵƮ
Ӧճ˵ٶ̫޸һ߾ͷɡ
ǰһǲôģӽȭȹٶȣ˼ȭԶ̻ȴòϣԪʽٵĻӮҲôʮаУռȻ
һ߳ȴı仯
Ԫ˱ߵƮ𣬾ͱһݣԼôô򣬶ȴİ취ûС
Ͼڰգ㶼ǲɵġ
ϴӯӯЦ⣬һ࣬أΪߡ嶼ûվֱͽŻһžһڿֽڵĻԪ֮ϡ
Ԫۡһ³һѪ˾󵾲һߵ÷ɳ߰ףݺˤڵϣֽų鴤

ܣ
һžͷˣʲô
̨󻩡
ƾȵúϲ£죬תͷճȴûж仯ƺ֮С
ϳ֮ǰճ˵ĻƻȻ
ԭԪ㣬ֻҪ㣬ȫǲһ
ˡ
ԵģҲҪʲôԡ
µٶȱͱȻԪҪǿ֮񾭷ӦҲȶǿɵץסֵ㡣
Ҫǻ˷ϳ˵Ԫ̲ˣȫȣҲû취򵹻Ԫ
ڵʵֻ֣ƶûӮ
һճȴûҪ˵ˣ˵˷Ҳѵôٶȣôͻư
ȫ첻ֻܿԼ

ڰ°ͼ룬̨ϵ龰һС˵㣬ָ׾סһ⣬ʹһ죬
ѧôʱ˾һ۾ͿԪЩȵġ˵ǺˣҪɣûΣͻ㣬ǲΪֻҪٶȹ죬ֹݣһȱݣҲץסﰵʹԪоԼˡ
ͥһ˵ˣ򴦳ĹҾȻûпһоͰѻԪŵˣǻȮŮ
ҽң
Ц۾ǰЩŮӦԪʵʵ˵Ҳˣȴûϵ»һϲʵ֪ʲôʱͻȻӦҲǼ졣
Ѿżˣǿһ㣬ܸС
ֻǿµ񾭷ӦڳˣпȦɵ㣬û뵽ٶȶΪ
ʹ֮ᡯܹ˵Ǳ֪ģǷҩǸճ
´򵹻Ԫȴû̫ϲɫӦ飬ֵöô
վֱ峯ǰһ֣á
Ȼת׿ҷʵԪĸˣ̨ɡȻôһְó汾ҪʵеĻжԶԶǺ´ˡ
ûһԪ̨
Ҳ뷨»ԪԼʵ֮ܶսֱûԪ֣ɾûˡ
ճ˵ԪʵѾﵽ˻۷壬ڳڣʵȫԼܱġ
˵Ĳ¶ˣĳ֣ԪһЩճǴγֵΣֻһоʹߣࡣ
ʱգԼȭĵǶȣ¼ֱͬ
ϻǲأǸ⡣ԪЩˣһɡ
У˰ɣ㿴㿴ҪȥͶĴ˵鳤ʵУҿǵ۾ɶˡǲУǺкòáһ˵
ǵ˵ռϷҪϾɱʷ֮Ϭֱ޼᲻ݡ
˵һɫ


278 Ӳƴϣ
ճһ̲סݸһЦΧ۵´ְԱǲֻ֪֪Ԫô룬ǫ̀Ӧսˣһþ졣
ҪûԪֱ̨ͨأҲǲȥġ
Ϊϯ̨ϣΧȫԻɵĿ⿴ƤٺֻҪ˾Ͳ̰ɡ
ȻԪվŭԪע⣬ӮһͲ֪ߵغˡб£Ҷƴȭӽȭܲܵסҵİ˼ȭ죬ֻǿȡǲеģչҪӲʵ
Ԫ˵˵žȻƺǴ˽ѵСһ
ûˣȫ̲סЦǱ䣬Ʊ˳ַʽǿ˹Ӳƴֱ̫ЦˣƤȳǽҪ񡣡
ɵҲܴӦҪ󰡡
¹ŹֵĿŻԪͻȻչһЦãӲƴӲƴӦΣ㳹״򵹣ǲġ
Ц紺ãһЩƤͬһůͷůڳȫֱ۾ЩƲˡ
ǣЦٺÿٺҲڸǲס仰еɵ
˼˵ҪӲƴӲƴ
һӽȭĹҸ˼ȭĴүӲƴ
鳤ϵˣǼôܴӦأƽǺܴ𣿵˹ؼʱôͺͿˡ
һʮϧ˵
ҿִ򣬸˵鳤ǰҲ˵鳤ǻԪĶ֣һžͰ߷ˡԣ۹ʵ̫ͱ˵˰ɡ
ǹӣµĻʹߣƽȻûûغҿЦȴӵݲñ˵仵
üͷȴȻû˵˸ո³ֵٶʱȻᣬԼûϵģ
˿ճǸ̨ǰַαһʮеģʱʱ̨ϵŮһۡ
˵̬ûʲôѹֵĬЩ˿
ѵʲôܣܹɶԸԪǲæ˵˵еļ꣬ûг̨䡣
ӦսԼ˵ֲֻºճǿҪԼûʲôĵġ
˲֪ҵŲʵʵϣҲ֣ܷʱЩ鲢Ŭܰ쵽ġ
ֻһԣ¶Ҳá
˵һҲźô
ڱ˵УֱȺǵҪǿ࣬ȫѹٻ˿˺ǵ½֡
ӽȭˣ˵̫
ֻҪճܴúÿһ㣬չʾȭһɵʵʣͲСȥ
ţµĿ־Щ⡣
֪Ϊʲôճƽ۹⣬ûɵöһϣ
ѵʲôƣ
ҡҡͷǵûмճ£ǵʵԻڶǼѣοԪ
Ԫ´ӦȲ̨ˣ˵ɲڣ䳡أܶ׷Ҳÿ
ְɣƾı£ҲƵҶܶˡ²м˵
ãľͺãǾͱҳ̫أ˼ǹȭ˫ס˿ɵİҪǴ˽εεĴŮЩ˿ɻ˵ǲǣ
ԪȺ˵
ǰ鳤ŵ㣬Ӯˣɽʯͷܴ飬ɱ鳤ˡ
Щں
鳤Ҷ֪֪ףα˺أ򲻹鳤ҲȻо̨ɡ
һԱȫ壬ǶԻԪʵƽҲûд裬оǾǲսʤĴڡ
ʱҲС£滹һʵ⡣
ɫԪ¸гϷģҪʹ˵ϻ˵һӮƵġ
ҲԱ߸鳤ſˣջϲ֨֨ˣһһģһƨûУţƤ졣
һһͣôҲϳŮˣʷ棬磬ƿԡ
Ҳ˵ö԰˼ҶҪˣһͨǲ֣̫ᷳ
Ԫ֣
Ԫϳ²һ־磬ڳһ㶨ֲ˱˰ɣ͸˵Ȩʱв壬ǲ
ԪɫѵʮŭҲվסˣǰͺһȭ
ͷݣûһȭȫȵ䳡̺ȥǵµĵذ屻ȵϡá


279 Ӳƴ£
۽
Ԫŭһгֱؾȫ
ȴȻôΪԼĶ֣һ־ӲӲƴѹˡ
һɾ磬ֱײȥ
ǰֱظζ־ޱȡ
ϯ̨ȫˣԪǵһȭȡƣڶɱ˵ǡ֡
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˲ֱǿɱֻʺǿǿǾ鷳ˡ
ʽҲܿνİĽɫǳ֣ûܵס
ȻҲˡ
ʱ־ǿǿǿܱ˵ѹҪִ˵Ļ˵Ƣе
ܵǿ󣬾Լܿ壬־䡭
ŪǿᣬҾ͸ǿಫ벽ˡ
̴սˣԻԪҲˡ
ճʶôãû麦¹ǿޱȡ
Ԫǰ֮ɵȴҲǰӭ
鲽ٶȿþˣûȶһȭ򵽣Ѿ˹ȭͷ
ף
ѰţҪӲӲƴ𣿡
̨˵۹εϬһ۾ͿˣӽȭӭǿֵĴ򷨲һǴѧĴ򷨡
ǲܶԷγУ֣򣬰طس塣
˭𣿡
̫ȭһЩ֮òóôʵáԭǼȵСֿ⡣
áǧУԼ͵ǧ﷢ϡ
⻰žìˣǧˣǧ
ʵֻΪʡ˵ΪɣӲӲƴѵ˴򵹣ú䤱ǲһ־ͰѱӳȥҪÿ࣬Ƹ֮о͸ߴˡ
ȭô£ʤǿ鷢ֻҪ˽Уǿʤ
µķҲˣѰţѰӲƴĻᡣ
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סġЩĿһۣŮȭӴúܺãϧͷԲ̫ѣ֪ȭҪԳ̣ǿЩԴˡ
սԼսʤĶ֣߹ԼûȤ
˼ȭȭܸӲƴˣͷ쾹ȻһҪսԼ׳ɵĹǺЦˡ
ԪһƲҲЦ
ճֱ壬һ̨̨ˣ˶µӲӲͻȻһ˽Ҷѵо
ʶһ£ʲôŮճЩŹֵ
Ԫӿŭ𣬵漴Ǵϲ
ĻҪ˵Уһжס۽һйһ˫
˵εεСŮӣһδ󺺣ԪﶼŰӦȭɡ
ôܣ
ֽӣϢУԪǴʧɫͻȻԼˣǽεεŮӣһ
ΧҲɫ䡣
ֻ°СƣƮƮĴڻԪȭϣ󷭶²һѹһԪѹɽȫͷ֨֨죬岻ľȥ
⻹ûꡭ
½鲽һšξת˰ȦۣԱ۴⣬ȭȫΪһɣȭͷȻ
תǴ
Ƶ׮ܣǿǿ
ԪһȭǿҲӣֲִ֮תΪȴ˳ǰ֮ƣһ࣬ݺݵײ˹
֮еֻҪŹһУ·ʵ
˼֮ɽ
ȻηȴҲ˰˾ŷǽʹβȵͬʱ۸֡
ֻҪ±ãܰǰƶʧ
Цһȭưδ䣬תһȭ޳ֱֱڻԪļ羮Ѩϡ
أһ죬ԪһԭͣôһǡȻ׻屻һɾ޴ȭб·˳ȥ
ڵ̺ˤ˸Ľų죬߰ף;˼ͷ
̧ͷ˫ɼ䣬Ѿ̫ΧӰ
˿ŻԪﱻһȭ÷ɳڵײһʱʧԡ
ʲôࣿ
˵õģԪʵǿ¸ʹ򲻹ôᱻôңƵġ
һаһаҵ۾Ϲһǿˡ
ӲӲ߰ף鳤ж󣿡
ѽιЦˣ㿴Ԫڵأɵ˼ֱ
ǹڸЦҸ鳤䣬û
½ǧӽڻԪһǧٽȣмŽٽ࣬ʲô


280 ʤϣ
˵ڶٽ£Ҳ˵µȭȻԪǿ˵أȻС¡
ûԪȭ磬µתǴһֻǼ粿ףͷǣӷ顣
Ȼûܵʲôˣ¾һҲѾʧȥս

ǻҪả´һְһСһжס˵ͷ㻹ЪЪɣŶսˣɳļӵܣȫŧ֣ѹһôķڷ
ŻԪãȻı̧±䳡ͥҲ̲סˣЦǰҵ̳Լ
ͥΪҵļƻ赲ģֻΪСⳡսû̫Ȥ
߸ûҫûɿñûϵһת֮䣬¾͸һϲʵϲּ
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ܲ˵͵ϮɣҲ˵Ԫʱ򽾰ˡ
ٲеҲܿ
Ԫ֮ʱҧгݣȫΪˣûѵȳ˼ӣϺõĵ̺һطŲƬȫղסı֡
֮Ԫﵱʱǰѳ̵ʹ˳
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ǵЦݣŵΧ˵ĸЦξսӮԪӿҲѷڣкܳһʱܱ˵İۡ
ǰۣҲѵõĻᣬֻҪԪӮףûԪõǸλӣ쳤վ֮Ҳðȡ
ģǽձ´仨ˮ龰
Ԫˣ֪ôġү˵͸˿˿ɱ
ãѾЩʧȥˣкԪֺһ㣬ʧȥֻ
Ÿӣʱȴʲô˲ˡ
֪ȤĻͽŮֱ䣬ȻҼôңôԪҲֲҡһһǹƽ
һ£ԪѹֲסŭүӷĻٶ˵һ粽ϱ䳡У˵ȻǽӢֺۣõúսҪӮӮмռһϷȴҲ㲻ʲôУӽȭǲѹǰ˼ȭ
Уһе֪ЩʲôҪսӽȭôȥ򴦳Ƕսɲսˡ
ճǴһ˿ǳЦҲԾУֵˡ
ԪԪȫͬ¸ȣٶȣҪ·磬ôҲǴ򲻹ģҪϳֹԪͻȻ
ǿˣԪϵóĿɱúˣȻڱ䳡ϵɱˣǴ÷ˣִܻ£Ǿͺܲá
ƫƫҲǸӣҪԶȴҲ롣
Ҳϳ䣿׼һ𣿡ԪЩ졣
Ҳδ̫߿ԼˣԸ˭ԣĻõһϡճЦһͲת˵ʦ㣬սӦЩ˰ɣ㿴Ҳ˶ѣǵȫסһУҲûʲô˼Ҳ񫣬ô˿ţֱһԼҲǺõġ
ꡭ
ҲЦˣ֪ճ򲻹ҽԼ̨ء
ֺôԲ죿
ȻǿЩճԹȻףȫ֪ճǿ϶٣˶ճ۹ǼΪͬ
̨ͬǰƶʹûлʲôȡʤ
ѻԪԪ˴֮󣬻һЩ
սٳ֣ҲΪ˳£ʵС
ˣʵʺôҲˣȫûճٴӮԪ
뵽Щ˳˵ͽˣӮġ
Ԫ¿һۣ˱䳡ӶЩʲôй
̨һӣݺݽѵһ٣ƫƫ˼ҲˣԼ˵Ĳ
ûʲôָġ
˼ˣЩϢǺ鰡
ѵ㻹ǿѹű˴ͨأ
ǰԪҪ¸ӲӲƴѾ˺ܴĳʶıɣԪ⣬Ȼô
Ԫ֮Գ˴Ϊˣʮѿ
Ӯ˵ĻʤǲָģǰһЩ޳ԴʣҲ˺ԡ


281 ʤ£
ԪΪһ֣ȻûƷ£ֻšüëǿɱʵ˶̨ˣⳡս򲻴򣿡
ճȻתŻԪţ壬Щֵʵ˵ֵȭ̫࣬۾Щ̫ʹɣôһվǰ˵̨û󻻽Ĵ˾ϢٴϢ̨û˵
㣿ƾСҲҸҴ򣿡ԪЩջ
Ϊ´֣ûһֵԼ֣ò׼³ȻȻȲԼƺҲֵö֣Ͱ˺Ƿѡ֡
ʱȴճԶ˳ͷɵһŭʲôİèܸұΪǻҵİ˼ȭһ
жԶԶȰһ䣬²еģͲҪ̨̫ѿϳһĸУܵҼȭԪվñֱʮǿͷ­߸߰ճ˵ʮֲ
ÿӮ;֣ܳû˭ġǽлԪɣ˵ھǻһСҪסˣǺǣǻҴӪľǡţǻţҪΪмֱ£Ŀˣϯ̨ϻżλǰأûöǻҵˡճЦе˵ô˵ɣҪʦУе㲻ݣǰǻӵ˼֣ѾǺܸˣĸУУӮҾͺãЩģţƤٴҲŰ
ճ룬ⲻǴ´ţͰ˵һͨ˵ûԪɫԽԽס
⡭СӣҲ򴦳̳˵̫ˡеĻԪδ˵ϯ̨ϵĻѾÿѪˡ
ǣʦ̵ġĿޱ˵
Ҳ֪ճͻȻʮֿô£ֻоΪ
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ѵһӣɲҪԴɱ۾ǡ
ճһػЦŵ˵ͷ˵򴦳˵һ㶼ûճĹȫʦ̵ģҪ˵̵ܵźܴôǽ̵øϸģѧ汾¡ҿ⺢ӻڰƽЩϼһܿ𺣳ǵһôţʶ˰ɡǶĻӵǻǲһԲΪŰ
ͷ˵þид˵䡣
䳡ϵĻԪѾΪŭ
ճĻҲٶ˵ƺһ˫һϱͦװ䲿־ͻΪƬƬ֮˺÷顣
ɣҼʶһǺжߣֻԪϵļһһƣŹͭɫĹâҫЩۣ¶ı۰ͬͷ沿ȫΪɫͼ᲻ɴݡ
ףô£ջ·Լˣô
쿴ϵƤɫˣýʵճѰˣǽɫ׶ӡ
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±ճģʱŻԪ¶ôһ֣ҲɵЩ
˵һЩţ֪˼ȭʲôˣȫԼԵֵеĴڡ
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üһԪȻˡ˼˵ǰ˼һȭﵽ뻯ȫͨ֫ٺȫֵ֮ͨܳ澰ѵѾ˻ڣͥЩƵ˵
ʱŲòϣĻԪʵΣѾʸսһȨꡣ
ֻҪٸһʱ䣬ɣ㵭ĽɫŨĽơʱ򣬾ҪҲôס
ǰ㣬ԪҲһˣȫһĻʦӦ
ǵϢʵԪǻˣҪǶսƵýơ
ľ˾ӣֵ˵˵ǷͲǶ֣սеЩˡǰǵûô棬ֻҪԪһ֣Сӻ߹һ
ҿɲͬˣͷ᲻˵⻹ûƾʲôΪճͲһˣǰӵҲԴ󣬽˴ɣҾûԪӮճ򺣳ǣһѹ磬ǰԵӣôʾ
ˣҲ䣬Ѽ컹Ӳء
ô˵ճռҵĵС


282 Լϣ
Ȼͷ֪ϵճȴòάԼ棬ɱ˷ڮ٣
ôͷвͬΪճСӻӮвмȻҡ
ȻѵΪӾӮˣܲӮʵ뵱Ȼճһ䶥˻ȥ˿ûиĿڵ˼ǻͷǿҲϰ֡
οãΪƾռҾǸҰ춼ͱġ
ͥһճӣҲǰ̾ͷ϶ּᣬʹƢȴûбСһ㡣
ʱǱǺѣ֮ͨãҾǽһ𵽴ˣðؾദΪͶ
ǣٺõĸ飬ǰչǲһ
пһͨ߾ıôҲòġ
Щ˳˵ҳɵߣԿɱʲôɱ֤ɱ֤ɶġͷԸȻ˾磬ɱ֤ǿġ
ǣһʱͬʱֹթమɱˡ
һ̫һԣƽ֪֪ףɱҲ˶Էʱǰ԰ȫֲʤ
֮£ֻܸԻһؾﳤȥ
ճǲйͼͥȴһ󶦵Ĺͼ
˶ûʲôãҲΪؼӦǶԷһݣԷڴУԼֻǸôܸģ
ʱҲƽ͵Ľ̸ٴ˼Σ򲻳ʲôͣս
ʤɺ󱲽ս
ʲôʱӵа˾ͷսӮȡؾԷþܾ
Щǵֶûر𾪲ž޵ĸ֣˫嶼ûʲôģһֱϵ񣬶û˸ҷս
м䷢վԺ֮¼ҲսиŪҵĳ޸
úͷ涼ٶ˵һ仰ˡ
ͥճָ忸ˣ档
Ҫ˵ճӵ˽⣬ϵڶˣû˭ϵһСӼȻΪճһս֮ǿѨ磬Ǿǻеô
ģӦдˡ
ͥȴôҲϳϵģԼԪʮ㣬ôܻᱻճ仰˵ɥʧġ
ͷһ˵ճ۹ͲУôճʵΪӮҪǾͶһѣ˭Ӯ
ôģҿ㻹Ǳ̫ˣСİѿ
˭ӻ˵أʱΪɽڻ֪ʲôƢˡ
۸ʲô˵仰ǺЦһ˵ԪӮյСӣǻҾĸԸ˳ǣֻҪռںһգҾٲ㣬ݶעΣ
ãҽעճˣҾҽפǵΣռҾճʮش
˵˵һȰĸɽôһ£ԭжԹˡ
նںǽ⣬ҲŪڵĹӦǻҲ֪ʲôʱѾʼ͸жźǵ⡣岻ǲƿؽפ´ŰѺǵĵҲ
ӦǱռֵ˻ȥûеóѣԲ仰һ˵ͼ˻
ճҲл𣬵ʹӦע
Ƕʱ䣬ǵľƻеΣսǾǾ֡
ЩսʮרҵϹսʿһѧȭţԭϻ֮ǿ̫ࡣ
ôһʱ䣬ռΧ̧ͷúսҵɳռҰּ룬Űѻˡ
Щȴ֪һֻΪж㣬ûֻ̫֣֪սҵݺݵĴ˼ܣ󻹴Ӯˡ
ճӴӦעﻶϲúܣϽƤҪˡ
־ţԪӮˣϿƿ´ٷ¿ƿصͼıֲŽȫץԼҵʵ϶һȫѹҲ¡
ԪӮһȴǰҲġ
ʵ򲻹ʵӼûô顣
˽ʤ׷ܡ
ȻǱʤ֮սôͼŴأԲ˵ͷС֪ԪŻʵҽ¶ע˲òҪټӼ룿ԪӮˣռǹ
۹⼫Ϊռҵ似
Ԫھǹе򽻵ѧһЩǹַȻٺò
ռҵǹһǾռŻǿޱȣܹԽв˵ʵսܡ
ǿùٷʮּɵǣǹ۲ܾˡ


283 Լ£
ճһݣϼһﻹûûš
ڻʲôôʣ˵׺ݣ˲¹ͷ˻ע
֪ȥԼҵİԴУҿڶռҵĸ似Уɾͷ˽ɡ
ǹⲻһЩСɣҲûʲô
Ҳ֪ǣռҳǹ֮޿ɵֵҪĲǹǲһˡ
뵽ճҲʾ˵ãҪС⣬Ҳû£ҲҪǻҰ˼ҸɣճӮˣ⡮˼Ľճɣմˡ
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ϻûѾϻѹ˺ܴ롣˭ˣ»˽ǣѪ
ǣճǰڣûͻƻճôϺ꣬ôܽ»µĶľ֣Ͳ׳죿
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Щ⣬ʵүôʮֿճأעӦʲôԵʰɡ
ճӹЦȻԵʣΪҵռĵôûģͷΪһӮɾˡ
ɽŻȻĵԭˣȻ̨ϵ˽սڴˡ
ԭС֮ѹճӻôģǣκһ似þ쳤վõþճո֪Լѧ˰ȭҲ𲻵ʲôðͥҲš
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Ҫ˵ԽһӮڣһ˿ϣҲֻǴӮƽӹ֮Խսпܡ
ǻԪţԽսġ
ڰھսܾʮݹЩǻڡ
ճǸţôܴӮͬΪŵĳԼεĸ֣
ѾʲôˣǾɵ
ϯ̨ϷĬ
̨һЩҲĬĿųб䣬ȫ
֮Բ壬ΪԪȫɫЩˡ
ͷȻѾŹ񣬵һЩ޷ÿѧ͵ĶǶٻǱžη
Ԫɽɫͬ޺ʵЩ̸ֻۣʮ־ֶ̾ԸսճЩ
ǿϧˣ˭ϲã˼ȫɫĸֱ䣬ȫûϣʤˡ
ǣȻҪ鳤ϳˣ֪ܴܲӮԪ
ҿҲúܣԪܵ˵Ҫǿ࣬ھҲţ˵ųƾһ֡ɲǴģǴ鳤һͣһ˿ӮĻᣬɾˡ
ò˵ֻս˵ǿӣΪ´ĸ֣ǿġ
ճۣӦҲԷˡ
ճأ㿴ܴܲӮԪһĴ۾ְԱЩȷʵ
˽кǣǸոձҵ´ƽ㣬ʮ𾴣ʲôҲϲһЩˡ
˿ԸпɣֻҪʵ⣬һ¶ش𣬵Щʻˡ
ǻһڣͼһˣЩ尢̸㶼ɵһ㿴ûһش
ɫ԰׵Щȥĳ˵СⲻŵճʵȻԣ˵һ仰ʵһ֣Ͳɵֵ̨ϵĴ˵ƺճȻԪΣȫǴ򲻴ӮˣǵסԷһУֻϣȻ᲻ҪŭĻԪ˲źáոջԪﶪ棬ѱΪԼֵܱǨŭճ
ô죿Ǹոձҵ˵Ĵӣճ飬ҲĵƽҲЦǺǵĿЦ
ճܻˣһŵˡ
ҪǣճˣҲҪϳ˵ģžξͲУƺԼ鳤ҲǶְ
˾֪ɫĽٰ˵ϲòе鳤´˾ûвϲģ˭ҲԸ⿴˺ᣬȫɫ
ֻϣճܹһɣҲ鳤˵ʽﲻݹֻҪ˱˵ĹУ֪ƽⷽٲӹУʱ䣬ӦҲᱻ˵ôһ´һְ͵ùԪˣźˡ
ֱ´Ҳʸ´ķ𣿡
˲֪ͱ˼ϣճ㣬ҪԪʽ͸ɵͲˡȴ˭ҲûбϣӮ


284 ϣ
СӣֻҪ¹ģұ֤ңſ¾ˣΣߵۣϵȫһԪȻҲ⡣
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һڵСӣܴԼ߹УžޡӮβŻᷢ顣
ճǺһЦ˵š˼װƺǲֵӣӦ÷Ҳȥע˰ɣһŹҪҵˣ붼˼
ɣҾӦȥҽԺһ£ԲɲãҪǾ棬һʮְ취ʵⲡҲ£ҾͰΣЩԶҪģʵˣ͵õ͵һ㣬һ
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Ԫ˵˵ɫѾûˣճдŵϷЦ⣬ôҲζС˵̫˷ѿˮ֮ڴڿ࣬˵ջⲻ˱ȹһ
Щǵмʶһ¾Ǹֵ
˫˸˶͵һڳȫִ֡
ɫĹ⻪ҫۣͬһһ㡣
Ԫɱڵ˫ֻӶ˫ȸ̧䣬ǰܵһƥҰȵõֱ̳ճȥ
ӿһ磬˺õĵ̺ҲԪͻĿڽ·Ѳ
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̫ǿ׳ˣճһͷжٶ˵ˣ㱻һ㣬ܶϹۣа
ֳһ󵹳ȫԪͻĲס
ⶫ˵ҲУ˵ûҲûУһ̣ȫųϵȫܿóڻԪһһѪǿĲһˣһͷܿ˻׺Ұ
̤ɽӣ޿赲
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۹ЩָǿһЩܹоõԪ˫˫̺֮ŵľ޴ÿһλӱۣÿһ̧ȣٳ˶ǧڲϵ֮С
˲Ǿź֣Ѱ˼ȭսɱ˫ȭ֮Уȵֹ֮ʱӿȣӵ࣬޿赲
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Ԫ֮ʱƱԪ˽֮ʱȫ࣬Ͳһε
ƣЩҲʼɹʱ˵еǷʵڣֻһʮ꣬˵زͨ޷ġ
һ߸һЩǲܴﵽܿɽĵز
ѵʱ񻰶ģ
Ԫչֳ˵еȻǾţһëԽ˵ıȴһġ
ܵһȭܷײ´ְԱ˵ɴ˫ۣ˼ά籩ϴ
ͷںڿˣҶأעһͲɷڡЦ״
Ԫʵûչֳ֮ǰ˭벻ôǿᣬڻͷճϡͿһ񵱣Ҳ
ɫҲûϵԪôǿ
ʮʹﵽزȷΪţ˵ǵȻԪҪ˵ôģ
ңûͻƵ֮ǰҲһܺɵԪչֵʵڻ֮ҲһˣҶӸܿԶԶġ£ճа취𣿡
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ͷ˵֮䣬۾ȴû볡һ˲Ϊȴûаķչ
˴۾ǣԻԪĳճƺûгԿ
ءȭŽ𣬻ԪͷȻͣճȴǱһ̣ڻԪǰͬһ鶯󣬳ȭ糤ǹ֮ʱһɾХ졣
Ȼ·磿
ΪʲôҲô󣬵ʲô򣿡
ֵǣճǰһΥǻͻƶǧȫǰӵеģӽʲôܡ
Ļճٶȶó棬Ĳ
ٶȿ죬ԪȻƣΪԪѾǻ۷壬Ѿﵽȭǧٽ֮ʱ쮡
Ȼռš
־ճĲհ֮ǰں󣬾ԹҲЩΡ


285 £
ǰ̤һʱȴǺˣһȭԪǰأȵֵʱȴ֪ôһƣһȭ㾹Ȼ
ԪǱޱȣоǰճȫȭɽȶϺ
һ͸ײһ㣬ʹޱȣŰ˼Ҳһ
ԪȻû˻֮ҵ۾Ϲۣ
Ӵ󾪴ϲĽгһҲ˲ʽϡǵ˲Ŀ
ڹӽСǸͯģ˼УҲĹֻлüΪ̶ݺݵĶһۡ
ȴ£һ֮ûûεץ¸첲˵鳤鳤ճҲôֱǴչһ·ƽơԺ㵱˴֮󣬿ҪҸٵһ°ǰƨˡ
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̲סЦϼ籩ȭŽ涼ѹסֻ֣תֳ
ȴ뵽ˣѾǰԤһְôЩҪͶǱߵְԱǣ³ֻΣῪ
־Щѹޡ
˭˭˵ĻԪԪޱȣû˿Եֵģұ֤
Щʱע̫ǽͷݾͻŸѿ¶עȻվ˶أ
Ͳܲĵˡ
ϴЦ⣬۾һգգĿճ֣˼
ﰵϲֻǰһ˺յµʶ
֮ôϰͻȻʵʱ뿴ճͬɽХĹƣһЩ
ԭģֻҪͨһǳɣ˫ط಻ֻҪѧֻʵֻǿһ
˫۷ųʣճĴȭЩջƽﻥдֵܷĶճҲûôȫչֹ
ɱܣûǿѹ࿹Ķ֣ǲܰȫʵӵ쾡µġ˵ֲģǴġ
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˽棬սɱУȫע֮£޿״ĸ߷壬ʵͻ᲻֪֮õ
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ճȭӽԣԼѧĴӻһ̷̫ԼȭֵȫһԵ˳һȭһȣȭǡȭǡѽȡ
ȭͷͬ󴸣𾢣Ӱͬ꾢־ʱ仯
ת֮䣬ûԪӦӲϾ
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ԪϵĽɫƤùתۿôľ׮һƾ
ҲǰȴҲʲôð취Ӧԡ
˼ȭֱʹսɱеĺʺϵǧгɱϸ˵һֹȭ
ճִϸ֣ϸᣬƫ鶯ٱȭúܲӦ빥ûòϡ
ȫˣվֻܵһӲӡ
ˣԪ֧ҵʵ̲סˣǿз
ȭÿһ빥ճ࣬ȴǰһճ֪ôǰĲȴɺˣһȭˡ
ǿй֮ʱؾͻ©Ȿһ飬Ԫȭֵȴоһʹ
ԭճһ̤£֪ôƵԼ๥
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ԪŭҲ޼£׵νȶԷǿȶԷߵļӣרķ
ͼճȭȭ⣬ԪŻʮּңһʱᾹȻ˭Ҳκβ˭
һ£Χ˾Ҳջ˭Ӯ˭ˣ
ӳϿճһֱڽӮҪȽϴ󣬵Ҳʮֿ϶ӻԪ׺пԿ˶־ʮǿŰ˼ʮǿᣬֻҪûĴҪʱķ
ĬĬĵģΪ֣˽ķˣճûƻԪķ
˼ҵı֮Уһȭʦʮʮжľ޴̷ϵıѾķӣճʮȭ߳ʮȣʵתȫʮֲֿġ
ƫƫ֮ͣ󣬺ܿûԪҵûԪ֣ճûôǿķ˵ͻᱻһȭ򵹣ԣⳡ˭Ӯ˭һա
ֻϣճֵܼþһ㣬ǲɫڹǡ
ʱ򣬻յĲȶһЩŭ˵Ҿ˵ͷôӦµĶעȴԭճѾѧǼİԲƣ˳뻯ľ硣գڸڵɣ


286 籩꣨ϣ
˵ĴĳһҲǲһ³ѧ߰꣬ܰһ似ڻͨǲ츳ˣҪһȭ뻯ûмĿ๦ϴҲ롣
ǰδ˵ճȭֻܲ²ճӴˣ͵û˷һѡ
ճȴЦ˵ճֻǸѧԲã϶ҲţЩžǲóжϣǰʱҲû˵óĳЩȭֻҪճӮˣõʲôֶΣʲôȭͲˡ
˭˰ǻԶŵռҿҪǿˣ㻹ǵԼɡճ˵ĸѧԲһҲûţӵ۾˵˵ʤ֮磬ǼСܳŵӮһ̰ɣǼԪʱпַܳϣճֵܵס
ճӵĻճǰûûѧŰȭǸս֮󣬲ŷռйϵ֮ǰռҲ̸ܻȭˡ
Ҳû˵öԣճЩäĿֹˣһԪʵϾճҪǿһЩ۷ͰڱٶȻ;Ҫǿֻ࣬Ҫɳ־սԿԶǾ͵ˡ
Ҳ֪ճ׻ʲô취룿
һֱǸܴȭʦ֪ԼˣôһζĿ籩㹥Ϊʲôء
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˶ĬĬš
һǵһǡ
һΣû̫˰Ԫ˵ˣȻճʵҲֻһֲ²⣬ճռϷġ
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ǰ֪ճô˭û¸ȾĻƨأ⻹ûԵմȾһЩǺοɡ
ȻƯʵȴǶԹͷ壬£˵ĻҪǲᣬҲ롣
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͸оǰ취ȷϯ̨ĳЩ˵ƶһȴǲͣȻÿ칥ѻԪѹסˣ˵ԼǿҲǿܶȭͷϣʵϷӵò
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˻׶ΣȭԭϸѾ𲻴ȫ˵츳ΪȭʵûʲôȻϵ
ͬճİԲˡ뻯زԪİ˼ȭ󿪰˴УȴһͻƳ뻯վֻڡڻͨ㣬ΪΣȭȴճһ㡣
ҪΪڻͨȭɾͺܲҪ֪ȭʦһҲֻǴﵽһΡͨѣ˴ĳĳȭʦͻ˵ĳĳͨ˼ȭĳĳͨȭĪˡ
ˣһյڶεȭɣһյȭɣޱȣ˿Ŀת
ȭȭΪ棬ײ᷸ǵĹʵһĪܡ
ɽ֮ʯԹ񡯣һԿţҲյһЩõĶԼȭ֮ȥ
ճӣͶճİԲԵһЩϸĿţüͷԽԽΪôİԲȴЩŪճԭʲô
һᣬһЦ
үճİԲƺλúܲԣˣȷޱˮЧãʲôԭ򣿡
սҵˣճһֱü˼û˼ʱͨʲôһſѯʡ


287 籩꣨£
뷨뷨ճ̾һ˵СǰռҰԺӽ粽ϳһֺرĲ㿴Բ޶ǧ򻯣ǰѸ磬ⶼһ˰
ʲôôԽԽô׷ٶȹˣ磬õĲɣĳѵʲô˵
սҵҲһЩ뷨ǲȷ
ϰ߾ǲʣճҲϰƢսҵʻҲȷӵ
ճӸ˵˶ûһܿճ΢֮ӽȭҲһΪ԰Բ˽Ⲣ
ճӿճ޶Ĳ̾ճȷ츳ȺֻѧһΣܴҲҾͿˡ㿴ƫ֧ȣͻһֵ̤㷽λʱڲԵӰ죬Ĳû֮ǰǲȷģǰɺ󣬿ңԪжҪǰȴճںˣںˣȴƹһճڳв֮ʱԼȷԼһ̤λλȫݶֵӦԶԼĲ㣬ʱʱ̶̿ƿȨ൱Ҹҿ϶Ԫճһëţֻܱ
սҵҲǻȻ򣺡һԲ֮޶ҿⲽɴͽ޶ˣѾԲ˺ܴˡ
ճôһ˵ϯ̨ϼλȫ۾ŹĿճ٣ֱۻһͣ
Ȼ֪ΪðԲλʽķУõȴѧᣬ˲ɵ
ͥҲ۾Ź⣬İȴǸճһ̾̾Ժ
˼ҿȻӽǲһǿֻгϢ
οתֶһЩǣճԽ㣬ԽǵģΪ˵һʱ䣬ͻռҷսǰƣռҺ֮ʵûʲô˿ԸһսΨһĶȻո¶ͷǵճ
ʱ򣬼̨ͬ䣬ǻɱĵĶ֣ܹȫ
ﾾģǿѹͷ뷨ȵսˣúúø̸̸ȰǧҪӦճӵҪ
ˣճٶԽԽ죬Ϻ£ԪȴͷȻҲûôɣһֱת˼ҪľڵĲʮִ󣬵ȴЩˡճȭͷȴֹĴоģ𣬺Ҳ
ӭ⳯ơӡݺ˫צסճһȭһȣȻ˫ּ裬Ӳšסճŵ׹ȭͷȴоһ
ã࣬һɴ͸ؾ͸ǡԪֻоճһȭֹ֮ʹʱһ֪Էó˾С
ڱ֮ǰ˵ճȭ⣬ȴû̫ϡ
ô˵ǿҪڵʦȭ֣ճİڣôȭ⣬粻̫Զչ鷢Ӳû̫ô
ˣոտʱͶճȭ𾪣оһʦһ˫û̫ľ롣
鲨ټϼоȴѶˡȭ⡯ҪϢԺ
СģǻԪڽк
ԣԹ塱
ԪЩƣκͿҩĻԪڳȴһ
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ֻݣʵճҲƴˣǰܣԹأɶڻԪδȫʱһǰļоķ˫ֻһߣȦ֣̯֣֣һͰʽͷӲĳȻһǰ̤͸Ԫۿۣ棬ǽˡ
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䣡
ǴڻԪͬһ㣬˫ȭ磬ֳȭȭȭһ˲֮ʹһʮȭ
һֹƷȥͻ䣬ûԪɸ˶ֻáһ죬ȻͼԪ𣬡һˤڵϣѪϽɫѸٵȥָֻɸոռʱĹͭɫ
ֻȴһֻҰףѪ̫ʮֲˡ
Ȼһϻ˭ܿڵĻԪ˺أ³Ѫſڵţ۵ͷȫǺˮģ
ӦǱϼ߹ǣ࣬ʱǶˡ


288 ˱
Ԫ
ϯ̨һȣ廮һߣһ˱䳡æԪ˴̧ͷճðɱ
ճһͷΥ涯ְɣҪԴ٣ԼɲӦ
ͷ֣ԼĵơҲóˣ֧һ֡ôڳȴǲ̫׵
ÿ򶼰·ŵϡãʵǺܲŹۣЩá
ϴںӰѧԺս֮·ӾƵøؤһ㣬ǵԬһЦ;򲻵ѣֿӵıܡ
ûü룬һӰһȴճҲˡ
ճӹЦͷʲô˼ѵƤԸķ䣬ûʲô˵ġӼˣҲҪֵճν޺֣ܵҲû£ܵ˶ʵ͸죬֮ȫһ㡣
ճү⻰ʲô˼ڳϱ䣬ϯ̨ϵ۶Լȴһ仰ûд
ֻҪӮԪռҺ˵õܴôѻҸϳ˺ǣ˺ǵȶ档
õôȴճԼܵõҰ˼
ҲӦôʹ죬Ϊ˼űѧᣬΪ֪ճһ
ѧϰоƬûʲôѧģֻҪѧģѧѧ
οԴӻҵõһݴˡ
ڶս֮ǰճҲ˵ҡ˼ź벻һҹǿһʵûʲô˲
Ԫһս֮Ͳˣǲÿˮ
ΪһȭǧĿǱܵĹ֣ճѳ̵˳ȫȺ٣ǿƿԪĽ
ǺεȵĿӵ
ԼûСȭ⡯ƣų뻯ĲȭҲᱻԪƾͷʱֽŷܷ׸
ֻоַ֮ճѧ˼ʵ֮󣬿ѧԴС
ڹߵҴ˵֮˵ǾҪǽĸ
˾磬лɱбʵҲҪ
Ϊ䣬ͻ絶꽣֮ʿҲ٣⡣
ûʮָţһա
˵ֱ׵ǣ򲻹˼ң⣬ȫ޿֮
ٸߵΪҲֻճɻΪޡ
ͬʷôһЩɮ£ʿľߵͻʣġȴһСĲɽǿ֣֮ǱٸһȺԩòˡ
ΣճԶҲġ
Ը໨һЩʱ䣬ҲҪѻıѧѧ͸ǹǷ
ʲôģԼеʵġ
ΪˣҲҪӳ̸ġ
ԣıҲͿ֪ˡ
ͷճӵʻͷϸϸ鿴һԪƣֻڸûܵʲôɻָƣŶճ˵ͷ
ղǣճֳȭһʮȭȭȭ⣬ֻҪټӼͿ԰ѻԪ߹Ǵ࣬޾ȡ
˼ֻǴûԪܷһ棬ǲҽ
ǻٿճ˳ۣҲò飬ȻĻʱ˵ȥһȥȥһмӣҲ
Ŀһճ˵û뵽´ӽȭصȴ㰡˼ȻĬд㣬Ըķʹ˳ǣˡ
Ԫк˾ȥˣͷҲأ»硣
弸ļƻȫݻ٣һͿأҲǻܣǿ
ͷΪɽڻɷʵû˵ճ̾
ճҲΪȻ
ͥһƲƲ죬С˵ǻͷֻӲˡˣôͬ
һʱʧܲҪµʧȥģͻһȲ
⴫һֱעɹĹ̫Ҫŵ˲ˣԼ𺦺ܴ˻ȴ
ҪΪʧȥʲôҪĶҲδء
ʧܣҲǰǵĲҰĴ˻ȥЩʧˡ
ʧʵǻԪԪȼӵܣͬ˴仨ˮٲ
ʧܡ
ҵûãٹһᣬճͼһ꺺˹ݹһֽ˵ʦӦİ˼ǻҴӲʳԣպˡȻԼֻ֮˵֮㣬û˵Ҳϰ벻Ҫ⴫
ճ룬Ц˵Ȼǵ˼ףҾԼᴫȥ


289 
ֽдݲֻ̫࣬м֣оŷͼѪͼض׮ܹĵһϴҩ
ճһˣ⹦ԭҪϰ˼ȭһûа˼ȭѪ֮ǿǣ⹦ɵġ
⹦ÿһ޴©ȵһصĻǿȾʹﲻ
ư˶עҲϳԿҸͲֽñ˿ȥΪֻҪ˼й幦ййʵû塣
ϴĸŹɰơɰơ֡ϰйƣֻҪȫԿѧᣬĿ˵һûС
ճֽݼоƬɨ¼˫һ꣬ͰֽŴƬ˵ˣҼˣܲɣҲҪȥˡ
꺺ӵȥճҲЦ˻Լһõͦá
ϧǲ֪ԼѧϰоƬ⡣
ϵĹ֮ᣬΪһЩûдһʱճҲûѧϰоƬѧҲѧᡣ
ƵճȴֿôЩǳŹˡ
һ˵ľޣرĹҲö໨˼ȥѧϰŸ߼ڼȭѾˡ
š˼ϰճѵ㷴ǰ˼ȭѪзҲϰĻǿȣǻָĸҩ
ֻҪҩܱ֤岻壬оƬģֽϰȷͻü򵥡
ʧǣճáʹ֮ᡯǱܣȫλģٶȵõ޴Ҳøǰһ
˼ȭšǿʣʵճ¶Ǿ߱ġ
ȻճҲɵý¸һĲ⴫ǲ˼ҽεεĴŮҹ
ֻ뵽ƵĽۼɽģճʹһս˭ҽȥճ
ԣⷨžԼˡ

鳤鳤ǰˣһ棬ԣ´Ҵˡ
ǻԪĶǸԣʵ鳤ƷʵǺġ
鳤𿪳ҰҼﻹмĺӣҪ⹤ҡ
սһ꣬´ԱȫΧ£Цݣֺõ˵Ż
¿ǰ龰һӣ˵ǸǣǵسпҿԸһ㣬ֻҪǰûر飬εҾֻ۱ֻˣԺٷֱӿ¡˲гϵ˲ŶúܣҲЩˡ
ԱһϸȰǻı·ܵߵĵ߰ɡ
°˵꣬׼ת뿪æЦʵ鳤ҵ𣿡
ԣ㵣κ´飬רŸЭҴôְλΣ
Ǿܹˣܲǣ´ְλ𣿡
˵оУְλмаŵġ
϶𸴣Ͱͦصȥǰ԰ȥˡ
ֱӸ쵼𣬹ֻܵͦҪǲĽɫû˸Ҳӵӡ
Ѿͷֻˣٻĸоϲ
ճ´飬дŷâȲһζĿݣҲһӴ´ôһС˵Сһ׮ˣȫҪķ̫
ճоЩСµˣЩŮӷԣʵϸ
ո˵ϸ壬ͼǰճǰݺһȭճģôѰһ飬Ҳ㷭̣Ҷûаĵİ
Цüë䣬۾õγˮȻոո˼Ұڹﻵˣʱ¶
ǣҲ˭˵ˣռңһϣҲܰ£ˣԺںҺ˰ɡճ˵ɷн¡
Ҫиʲôֲзһ˵ˣԺںʲôȥɣЩ鲻Ҫ̫࣬Ҳû˭ܴΪ㡣Цеش
˭ҪзڿЦȴȴ
ɴ۾ճƣ˵ûճĹʲôʱزˣԪܣͷ仰Ҳ˵ͱܣšһǣֱ׷ҵˡ
ҵĹͣȫ򴦳ĻɹʵҲûôˬľʹˣ˵ûϲء˫ϲˣֵءճǫ˵
ճоƬɨͷϵĹתһƬ̹⣬ͻƵı־


290 սϣ
ΪʵӦû뷨ûʵûȨӮսҲΪܵҵȥ
Ȼ˺Ψĵ֣ǻҲԸ׵
ͻˣзųϲĹâԼú´һְҪġ
ҲԣٷְλԵõȻҲʧȥʵȴԶû˿Զߵġ
ԼϵʵںԼϵĻȨҲŮ˵ʵҲǺܴϲ¡
Ȼ²ûпЩϵ飬ֻǵΪԼϵˡ
ЩҹҹôͻƵûаգһһµĹȥԽԽСԽԽȣԸƢˮѪһȴôҲ粻ȥ
øлճһԾˣ֮ͻͽѧϰǹȡüΪϵϵഺ־ڡҾ߽ţǼˣճһҿܻһֱʹ࣬ԽԽͳҲûѪпһĳɾֹڻʦĳɾͰ
꣬ϲãճĿҲԽԽͣԽԽ⡣
򴦳
ճ˼ˣһ̫ͨholdס
ʲô򴦳ԺƺȴרС¶ˣ㻹ûʦҪݹʦȷݡ
ǣʦԺҪָͽˡճҲЦ˵
ݣʵ㲻ʦʦ㣬۾ǻǺͬʿѾӽˣĵӡ
ճﵹûʲôִȻָѧܶණôһʦʦҲˣȴֵúܡ
ǰ֮Բʽû̫˼˼ʽ壬Ҳظֳƺ
ͽܵĽ̷ǷӷƾͿԿҲţһпԼֻڹؼĵط㼸䡣
ճǰʦ֮޷Ǿ˵һ㾭̸֮ԭûʲô仯
ȻһʦţճЩܵˣ£Ͱ޽ˣٲǰǰС΢
˵ʦճˣճڶսѾ뿪ȴһû뿪ԶԶĿĿǴͰС
һԵţƺл˵
һ֪̫үӣǰϯ̨˵ҲˣѪϵ⹫һʶ
ճɻ󣬾ͽ˵ǰŰɫͥүӣҲǱʦӦ֪˭һλǾҴܹܰǲ֪ҶôƺʱһŽСѪơ۷ĸ֣̫ˡļ߾磬սͬСɣҪĲĹ򣬶ǡˣԼ̸̸ɡ
뿪ѵطøճЩľĵطûǰţʺ̸¡
֪ҵճ϶ʲôҪ飬ճ˽£ҵһʺͿҲţʵ˵
뿪ʱգգۣճ֪ȻǵȥѰʦʽˡ
ճģǰʱĹͻƵ飬ͷʲô鶼ġ񱧵ɹȻһһ죬ʦȻ硣ôϲ£׽˾͵úúú
ճͷӦתͿͷ
ͥүֻԶԶվûйҲǲ֪ôճ˵ô˵ճںӰѧԺʹĴӣΪ
㲻ճµ飬ҲΪսǾȡԺ󱲵ĸҲоͷ
һ£һ£Ͳܺ޹˼ɵճѾԻȥˣֻ˾ƫģѪ
ԣҲֻܴŸӵԶԶδ
ʮȥô˰磬Բ㡣ҳ£ҲǹҲŲʣûб㡣ĶѾˣϢˣھȪ֮Ҳɰġ
ͥŮе˸ƺԸ˿Լֵͷٿճﱼӿڸ
ǰº͵˵Сүû㡣ĸҵʱûгսºһֱܺڣҲ˾ҷּҡսȻϼ壬˵үһֱûԭ¹ʮûмˡ
ѾǳˣһϴҴսҲһԹԩԩг𱨳̬ܺãҲüǹϡճ˵
ҲǰΪﻹԹʵûС


291 ս£
һСɹ¶Ȼ˵Ӧùòô⣬ǸŮˣһֱûճǼĺӣǵӿȶŮҪã⻹ʲôأ
̾Ϣ㳤ø񰡣ƢҲࡣĸ׵Ըܶأ׼ʹӲı䣬ҺɡǵСʱҴȥ棬ԵľǾƽɽ·żǺ«ˣȵɴԾϲԣһֶܱʮꡭ
˵ĸһֱܺãЩҲûܹ̫ίͦ˷ĵġһ棬ʵ˵һϢսĶ걾Ҫ鷳Ҵż˻ȥȴֻסİѰȴֹϵս
꣬ǸȻԪҪľǵһţӢ޲ߵ侩ǷֲҪսѵҾһҪ𣿡ճЩ⡣
ӲսѡճֻǸսг𣬸ʵûг𣬻ѪԵϵ
ҲǿˣҵļͥԼʲôаϹܼҸȰ˵İжվԼⷽġ˵վԼĸߵģĸжͬ
ճԼأսû˿ѹκ𺦡
ʵ벻Լʲôɸಫ
ϵսԼҲ㹻ˣճҲûʲôնݳĶҲɵ
ϾսǸӣοûɵꡣ
ܴӴ˾ˮˮͺá
ϧҲһԸˡ
ճļӴ𣬾Цĵ˵ͷ㲻ӦսͶˣҾ㱻ճǸϼһĶս
ռʲôϵճơ
귢սֱս㣬ʱЩҲûʲô취ϸϸ˵ҺռҵзĿɳ£Ӧ˵ɡ
š
һ꣬үճᴫؾԶһ봫У˭Ҳѹ˭֮ȻѾʱ˸β͡˵˭ʵǿ󣬿ԷսֻҪ򵹶ԷӵܣͿԵõԷеؾ϶Ϊһľ⡣սϵؾ飬үҲܻܾģϾʮһĲˡ
ˣ˵սʱռһϳ䣬Ȼû𣿡
Ƶúܺãֱӵ˵Ҫսʱִ̨㣬ı䣬ǲġЩΡ
ʣ굽жǿ˻ҵĻԪӦø̫ɡճЩӾҲЩˡÿ˶˵Ǿһһ֣Ȼ󱲵µһһƺͲκܹɴͷϵġ
кܶڶһԶֻһʱضܵ˵Ŀӡ
˵û汾£˵ȥҲš
ʵǻڣӾ˵ʵûԪȽϰɡԪһȭ֮£ܴǿӵܡ
ôǿճüͷ
ԪʱճȻ̫Զٶ񾭷Ӧʵûв̫࣬ϻҪԷһЩؼĻԪ˺˼ǱԼƣҲǺѶԸĶ֡
κһȭʦԻԪûĶ֣оͷʹ
ܹռϷ磬Ѵ
˵һоͰѻԪŵôٶȻȭ綼ҪȻԪࡣڹʮǿᣬ˼Ҳ޷ֵ
һֱ˵ŻԪҪ׷֮꣬սԭǴţİճֹ
Цһ˵ҲǱòˣǼѹƵھǶվסţȫޣ̶ֲֵôԲ۰Ͱ͵ǲ֡ǵȻԼҺ󱲲ˣֻ˵սת
ʵÿ˶ǽֱߵåҲһݻšʵûʲôֵġ
ճﰵüôԼ治Ƕ֡ռԼֱ䣬ҲܴӦ²ûʲôôΣˡ
ʱ̫̰ճ
ͬȾ罻֣Ҳڴ򲻹꣬ٴҲ£ԽսҲֱԽһ󾳽սοԷѹһ֣ȫûʤ㡣
ճ̧ͷ˵ллϢİɣҲ嶯ĽռеģĻʵҾҲţΪҸͲռʲôˣǶˡ


292 
ռҰ˻ʤˣճô⣬ԼҲòʲôô̸Ϊռҵ룬ռҶ
ѧԲճ룬ֻһʽףκүӣȻȡ꣬˳µ¡ҪΪռҴƾ翵ʮǰѪԵϵ»첻
Ͼûס
ճΪһˣȻҲѲ
ԼĸˣҲ˵ͬưɣȴҲж׽
˵ϢȥˣȥʱĿ⣬ճҲһЩп
վһЩʵĹԼģ簢󣬾Ȫ֮µĸӦûоοɡ

ΪԪֵܶˣ´֮ʱ棬Ҳû˼ֳͣɥ֮Ȯһǻұլ׼ȻԪԪ˺һЩˣŷؾǡ
֮һֱûʲô˿ţͷŭ⣬ŻԪ˴廨ôԴֵܣǾͽôһңھǱѹƶˣǾһںǣǾȻСϣǶ˻ҵ
үүµˣڵ˲࣬ȫҵĶ֣ճ㲻֮ѧ˰ԲҸ׷ٶȡҲһʱ⣬ûǶԷĵơԪ߷߲ƽ˵Ǵ⻹С
տʼճʱôϣֱӱѹƣҪǿзȴһߡ
⣿ǲ⣬ܶСӲǿ㾳磬Ͳһ׷㡣ҪİԲߵó뻯Ҷۡҿ˺ٱһΣҲ򲻹˵
ɽڻһŵ㣬ǻԼʧܣһЩϲʵ֮ˣ׼˻ؾǣû޸Ĺġ˼ͷΪǷǿԵվһӡ
ǻҰ˼ȫڴټҲ棬ϷһҲûȱˡǸҷͥ񣬸ѹ괫еҡϧһѹƣռҴܣȥôҰѼҵϣȫ˼ҵĶְ
˵ʹļף⣬Ҳ˵ȥͷϵķ˿·Ҳ˼֡
ȵ뿪䣬Ԫίͱ׺
˶˵ұȲ꣬ҾͶãڱ߾ɱȭʲôܶҪΪôһӮ꣬һһ˵ıû뵽û귢ս͵ռһ󱲵ϣֳộҪǴȥһԪߡ
ԪݺݵĴԼͷźΪʲôҵ츳ˣҲţ
˺һԪƽһЩͳֻĺ⡣
Ȼ´ճ»һǾͲô⣬ЩֶοһãȻͷɶ
ҧгݵĲͨһ绰
ӳôпմҵ绰˵ȥˣҪһ˰ɣûʵЩʱ˼ֵܡ
绰ﴫһǻԪսѡ
磬ϱߵǼֻһֱڱ̢𣿡
ǰ֪ô£µһֱ½ضϺˣжӵʵЩԽһСľͻǳƷߡһǲԮأǽ½»ֳ
֪ΪʲôôִţʵڵסˣͱɣֵǵҪԪĬһֽ˵¹ǻǷһ飬͵ؾǡ
˵ֵȫ룬õ绰ͷЩɡ
ʲôҲû˵绰ǲƬû֪
ðɣ֪¡ˡ
绹˵ԪȴѾ˵绰
ȡֻͨѶƬǹһɭߡ
´ճ£Ǻǣҵ뿴ôӦԾƣԪﵣδҾһӣҲҪסϱߺΪ·гȶ档Ȼǹ˱ƿأǾûҪˣһҪǣػҵ¡
֪Ȼ˵ŲϴӦʵΪرͻܻȨףΥԼ
Ҫǣǻһģִı
Щ鲻õ˵սʿܼ˳Ʒ©һҲʲô¡
ںճϣ÷һҪǣĿʲôԶ䡣
𣬼Ȼ뾳ͼı죬Ȼ뾳
ϣȫ泷ǡ


293 طţϣ
ճʦӴںҲɻӵˣȻǰҲǣϾԲ˳
Ը⣬ճʦ鲢ûдţͺһ߹˳򣬶˵ռһܴˣͽȫòĽ̵£׼һ㡣ٽĹؿҲûʲôɽ̵ģֻǰһЩľճ˵һ˵÷һЩʶԴҲͲ졣ϸҵֲַ¼ͽŮȥ˵ǰûܹ½̵úúõġ
ںõľ¥һٷףµδͻƵ磬ʦͽһЩɢˣ»ȥæ´һ̯顣
һ´Աɵôӱ䶯ԪﾭӪվãΪ£һЩԱЩ˿϶ãͶϹҲ̫ŵù
һԱµ鱨鳤ʱûٸ鷳⣬·ʤ
˼Ҫġ
´ְˣֱӴӾŵתҵֱҲԼ룬ȻֲеĲҪҲ׵ĲҪ
¸ո֣һǰԱѪ
ж鳤Ҳǲõġ
Ԫִһʱһô񣬶鳤ֻĻƨûٰԴһбȨԼ黳ЩԭҲӦ
ЩǽͷݣȫƾˣսʱƴЩ˿Ϊ뱳ҲпԭʵڿҲãֻʸȻˡ
µһţճȻ̫ģҲ´ˣֻھֹһ˵ְҵߡ
ٷŵĺôˣ벻ϰͲϰ࣬ÿ
õġ˼ţճȻһ̶飬ȥ˻شýҩġ
Ĺҩһ𣬲ȻûճЩֻͷĳˣճӵĴģȻûвһ٣ֽдȫǸɻ
ҪǱ˻ճҽоƬϸʲôСҩǹоƬ֮ճֽ֣дĶȫġ
ҲΪʵóճҲãռ˺ܴˡ
ճǱѾǿȶѾﵽҪ󣬸оƬмģɳʺԼĽеѵȫ˷Ȼֻʣʵʩˡ
ҩճصУȴ黹ûؼңӦǸС̳ˣ߳ԷƲڶҡ
ѵмڣճҲСèһȥ棬Ӧúܿİɡ
óҩű࣬ƺ÷ڼ¯ҩԴӾÿԣճչһЩϡҩģĥ壬Щ¶ᳵ·
ȵҩﰾƺ֮γһͰںŨٽԡҩԣһ׼ˡ
ҩĴΪǿʣ޸ܵˡ
˼ʱ򣬳˹ĵѪһϷȫÿһ缡ⶼҪϰ
ľᵽء
Ǳδȫ򣬻ùӻÿӴ˺쳤վãϰ߾ܰƸ֣
˺ж󣬻ָ֮жǿ
Ѫǡ
ŸصϺѪУǡ˼ѪĶؾ
ճȻûԼ׹򣬵иõķ
ԴѧˡһֱòôʵãΪŹһ˼ĹÿһöɼˣصԪ
Ϊү˵ʮ磬˶ʮ򹦣óɱеĴʵҲࡣ
ÿ֮ʱʮأ֪㡣
ң֮ʱʹ򵥵˵Լ
ضү˼άڶΪһջ۵װԼʱתɲηûʹĿսʿ
£еĸȻͲֵһˡ
ճȻ˵ͼĴֶΣǱЩսΪǿʵͷԲĴģƳǻ۵̬ս
ˣáʱͻȫ۳裬ĸʮ־޴
˵ʹʵҲһ۵пܼǿʵҲ̫ı׶ˡ
á֮ȴʹܵƫŹÿʹú󶼵ϢòŻָġ
ճûмǱ֮ǰͲãǿʹþֻķݡ


294 طţ£
ʹ֮ᡯĿ֮ճʵʹˣˡЧ֮Ҳͬѹһʹ࣬ȫÿһɢһգ;ƿݣ·ʮּѣ˵սˡҪʱָܻм仹òӪ
ʱҪ졣
ԣֻΪƣ򲻵ѱʱûҪʹõġ
ѹեԵıԽʵԳΪޱЧν졣
ֱ׶ˣճȴȻ÷ΪЧܺãҵһѵ;
ҵĴй˼֪Ǵʲôطųʱܵ˺ԽԽǿ仰ճ
ʲôŴܱȵϴڵٱ˺ء
˼ȭҪһһײǽײɽܻ۹ǿȵ˺桮˵Ͳֵһˣȫÿһѹեһգú޲ɵڵصĸоѵη
˵֮ܵҲܾȣĴڵȫ˺
ԡΪϰ˼ÿһϸ΢䣬ÿһϸСάӰ쵽Ѫܡ
죬ճҲûȥڼﰾһͰͰҩһδεáڼ״̬ѪУľŸơ
Ѫڣһǿ
ÿýҪʱԡͰ缢ƿʵļҩָ塣
һݹҩرԡ˼Ѫ֮ҩֻ辭̶̵Сʱָܻо޸ˣȻһЩΪϸ΢˲޸Ӱ
Ȼһֵġãҩ
õͨ磬ռұҲһҩûʲôŵŨŨҩζ
鿪ʼʱܲϰߣľʹﵽ֥֮Ҳ㣬֮ĸ硣
ȻǸóԳԣ˯˯Сèѩ͸Ӳڻ¡СèڲľζϲҲνҩζѩŲû
ζ̫֮⣬ճ첢ûзʲô̫׵ĵط
ÿʱָܻƣۣȻͶ뵽ֹ֮УϢ֮˷츲صı仯
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ĺ೤ѪҺ
ֻҪһԱ۾ܸоƺվСӱߣűӿĺˮɽҰʱʱһСС˻
ͻȻ䣬ճоһȡ
һ΢΢ŵ˫һ⣬¶峿µļһ
ճǰһͣҲû仯ȴǿ˼֣ͷһȴϲ֪Ѿɫ
ƤʱѾһ㵭ĽɫŶĿҫ۵Ĺâֱ仯ʮͻأƺǸոչһٽ㣬һصı仯
һĿлΪһɫþòɢ
ƽϢ屼ڵѪճȭͷоһǿӿһȭƺǿһЩⲢǴ
ǿȣճҪ顣
˷ܵóǰƽʱɱĲ˵ֱ֮ϱȻһᣬȻݺһնȥȫͲԥ
ΪӦûвһ˿Σա
һն䣬ճֻо˫һǲ˵ͬ͵ţƤ棬ʵ̥ϣȫŷ
ֱƤһ׺ۣת˲ʧ
ճϲոóѾͨˣٴﵽٽǺɾֱ֮ȴûܵκ˺һëûϡ
С˵㣬ټӵԣҪһʱ˷ܹȰԼֱһж£ǾͳˣΪԲ֫ʿ
ճתŹͷյٴλ£ٽ
ۣ
һӡһٶʧ١
߰ٽ

һǧٽ
ֱճӵһǧ˰ٽʱŷֱֱѾƿһϸ죬һѪҲоʹ
ӦǼˣϧȻסֵ⻹ͨ˵ϼıưҲ˵Լ㿳ҲֻǸˣѴˡ
ճ˵ſϧüľϲԱûаʧģ
Ҫ֪˺˺ȫͬܳһǧٽ﹥ȭŹǧȫԼȫ첻ʲô˺
ڵĹԼҲֻǸˡ
˵ǰֻӲһȭôֻҪסʹӲʦʮȭȭսվﲻҲ¡
ҲԪһţˣճЦ


295 飨ϣ
ں´սʱճ˻Ԫ˻ΪǴʤǿ漣ԼȴΪһֳ衭
ͷβ˱Է񵲵֮ճһлԪʮȭأ
ԼͷԷʹһᣬƨûУȫԼŬ
ͬһ˺ȭճǴȫҲûƻԪķ
Ҳܴﵽһܲϲ
Ԫʮʱųɡ˼ճֻ죬ֲϵϰĴæҲ𵽼á
Ч֪ȻԪҪ϶ˡ
Ҫû֪ͳĺ֮ھСɣܻܿѪҲز˾ǡ
ˡ˼ǿճȷһ飬Ǿ׹ǰ˼ȭ崴ģ϶Ǵĸ֪ĵطżȻı
ݹŨŨĵ˼룬սɱа˼ЩͬңС֮ճо˹δźܴǱڡ
ֻҪҩݸһ㣬һ㣬ǿȻиһǿʲôԤ벻ֻ˵Ǳڡ
ϧǣںǡشáҲֻҵʮҩģҪ滻ݵҩģ˵ճĲ㣬ǲ㹻Ҳûа취ҵ
ҩΪǱչߵĻǵΪ·ӡ
ճ
СɽѾ㹻ˡ
ԪĴ򷨲һֻзöԷʮʮȭȥܡ
ǿˣֻҪܵסȭˣ֣ռݼơ˵ڣǻʦƾڵʵҲҸ˵Ӳա

ˡ˼ճʮ泩һֱڼЩûţ˼ȥ䡣
ʱʱ磬׼һܲ԰ɫ
ִսӿ죬ֹĹһЩˡ˶оԽԽϡŹֵĲ֢Ҳˡ
˼ԭкܴһ˶Ǹ֬ΡѪѹ׵׵Щ˵ȥˡ
ԣЩרӦ˶ʱʱ̵̿ĹĴΪȱٶԭʡǲԭһ˶˵öˣ̵ġؾһɡҲ̲סʹĥͶδĵǣͶ뵽Ĵ֮С
ܲЩ˿ǶΨһţԭ˶ȷ־ʵãֻҪǳȣһ˫Ь˶ԳܸＸʮ
˵˻Ǽͷܲĥ֮󣬾״̬ͻһЩЧҲһЩ
ճȥܣôã羰һ续Ҳ鿪ʡ
ȻճܲԾ͸˲һˣȫеģұ١Ϊȱֵܲͼʽǿ塣ճÿһȭܲҪǿʮٱ
···˪˪ɡ쳾м෽ҳճλİ·ãã
ճҪ˶³ȥܵʱֻһȴԬĵ绰
磬Щ첻ˣûѧԺңʦ˵ں´սϴչѾǵĸֶ˻ȥ
Ҳ˵ˣճЩ⣬Ԭһ²עս޹ص飬ӦûҵԼѰʹ
ΪҪרա˼ճֻˣӾŴһ״̬ϵġ
ʲô£òϵճԬ͸Ż죬һЩƤ
ѵ㵣ŮǵĵӰˣճЦʵ
Ԭ˼ܺò£ĶҲûʲôãƽҲѧԺŻѧԺѧϰ֮⣬ǶϷģ˵鲻ࡣ
뵽ǰʱ䣬Ԭ˵ǲ굼ݵϷճҲӦҪá
Ͳܲ´һ㶼ûгɾ͸ˡԬЩƵ˵
ΪֹⲿӰǶѾѡ룬Ͳˣп𣿺鵼˵Ƶ꣬ҪԾ
ǣԾճЩƣ˵ѵз
УҸոæ꣬ųȥܲȻԾˣȥҲ
ɣھƵõ㡣Ԭ˵ž͹˵绰
ƵǺǺ˵ǼƵ꣬ϰǸͳĻĳߣΪʱڴĻԣҵľƵͱһģڲװȫǹɫʽһֶζ
ƵͷҲŹװйƷԽʱյζ
ҲһЩϲο͸סһ굽ͷ𱬵òС


296 飨£
ճǰȻסҾƵ֪꣬Ƶġ
ų·Ƶ꣬Զͼһνֱ
ճ֪ⲻȻ涼飬ܸ߸б٣ȫľ죬֪ʦ˼
ľͷʵľͷǸֽˮͿһȾϣԼ档
Ƶ깲ʮ㣬ǼƵ֮ȷʵ㲻̫ߣصķòȴΪ·һôһЩο
ճ³Ƶãͼų۹ŮСӭǰӯӯһ񣺡ӭӵ
ŴˮˣҶҡҷСôĨ¶һƬףճѲִУǻصƳ
ߣʵǸߡ
Կᰮĸʿ˵סľƵ꣬ôˮ׼ϵŮɫϷʵĪܡ
磬۾ҿʲô
ճڴ۸ƷζŻǧĻʱ򣬻ûüɧͱһˡ
ȴԬͻϲ˹ס½˵ϸϸ˵һͿ˼زʵ̫ˡ
ճ󾽣ԬСץ˸ţæ˵ԿˣֻҾƵûװЩ棬ոоֻǷװԣǷװ
ԬģҲ
˵ڹϵøЩӣֻǽ˵鵼ھƵʮ¥һжʮҹɫܺõģҪŮȥٿɣڴúö˿ء
ðɣԬճĽһֶûţʲôͷװȫû
ճ̧ͷһڴ۾ճıֲʱ¶ĵЦݡ
ͬˣֻǹѣûɶõġ
һŸŵĳɹʿ˵ֵ飬ϴҪժɾ͹ˡ
ճ죬˵ʲôǸѾﳤȥĻֱ¶ǡ
Ī
ճһڣתͷԬ˵߰ɣ¥ȥʮҹ˺δ̴ôķʣŪ⻨ȷʵܲ
Ԭһ죬һۣ͵ȳݴȥ
ȻǹɫľƵ꣬ȴҲȫհʽ֣ݻеġ
ÿ¥¥ʮߴûмӢʿȥȥҲᱳۣͲܶܿˡ
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㣬ֲǸϳճһԬı飬֪ˡʵûֻ̫࣬ҹʫ滹䡮ɽˮﾡϲľ򡯣Ƕʫ䰡Ȼᱻ⣬ҪǻҲñ
£Щʧȥԭе壬ջǻƹϲǹϣСȻǴҹ㣬Ҳʿӡ
ճﵴ
ÿͻڶʱ֮ڱرɧ˵ԾԾԵĸо
֪ΪѪ˺ܴ󳤽ûӦһ״ֻҪ˼Ͳ᷸´
ճ䶯黳ջĴ۾רĿǰСŮ
ȥǣ½ǵֽۣȻԬû˵˼ҵزʵЩˣӦÿǰĲŶԣǡСɲ¶ǡ뿴Ҳûÿ
ճĶͷˡ
ԬȻܵȵĿλãߵòһͷ񵽵ȥˣǲ̧ͷǵȵݣճĶӡ
ֵǣܲˣȴȻճ½ǲţҲ֪Щʲô
ſˣҪȥડһ죬˴Ÿ߸Ьڵذϵ졣
˽Ųᶨ̧䣬Сȱ˿
ճոոֳôһ󣬾˽еÿ·תͷͼһŮˣŮ˽ɫͷͬƮ۽ǻŨŨĲɫӰü߸ͷ΢΢ţճˣֱֱ˹
ΪT̨ô·ҲˤšճŮŮһ˹ֱȥȫû󵽵˼Ҳֻÿ
ΪŮ˲һˡ
ĸ𷢱۵ı׳ʰ뻡λȫַ䣬˵۹ɱȻ
ȫǼѪ̵ˣ֮ʿרҵʿڣŮ˵ӦҲ򵥣ǹٶǸ
ճһ㶣㿪һЩһӾͲżײ˹ƺܲͷʮš


297 ػ
ճԬһͰλÿЩ·̫֮أȻΣ֮Уʱڲ˺ǣΪʵǲ˸ǳͻŸʱ䣬ÿҲû¡
ҪÿǾ׳ºȴô롣
ºӼճ˹߻һò󻰵ŮЩײһӣȴճ·û֪ôͱ˿
ôһңˤ͸Ӳˡ
ΪɱרҵʿһͨŪˤôԵǹֵĹѫ⺺ǰˣᣬȴе㶷ˣĵĸɴһٶճײ˹
һȴּ˼ðСײڵش޺źá
ճ˭ȽݲǽϢˣƱۣǱھȻ֣ͣӷײˡ
üͷһšЩջˣһȴվԭغǱײʱ巴΢΢ǰһӭ
~~
һ죬ǺӡŵŵšһϲͣȫǺˮʹġ
ײճһ£ΪͣײȥճɶûУǺӵǾȻײˡ

⺺䣬ҪǹȴһӰס
£Ҫ˳ȵ⼸ȫǸ߸ŮΧм䣬ȫʮ־ĿճٴС
һӶҲͰԼսѼײˣ϶ǸΣ
һñھԶܱ޴嶯Ļ֪Լˣȫ
ײͷĺͷһѣȴǶݺݵĶճʵʲôˣʲô
·ˣǲ죬ôࡣ
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Ůȴûлͷֱ߽һߣ¶ˡ
ͷβûпճһۣƺǰһƬɫ˷ڴȻż¡
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ĸӦû꣬⼸Ϊղŵ¶ԼĴ⣬ٴܻһЩ鷳
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ŮƢܺðıڣȻûҸոջڵҪΧءԬһ˵
ΪϷԭʣƽҪѧĶܶ࣬ĸڸոһ˲׼ճ֣Ȼס֪ʲôԭŮ˷Ըһ䣬ȫϢġ
ճЦˣƢûˣȴΪŸҪ鲻Ҷִ֡Ӱ£ϾС£Ͳֵϡ
ճһ仰û˵ȻŮһ㶼ϣıڣȴΪˣо仰˵򹷻ÿˡ
ԣټƽϣ϶Ųѵԭֵ͵Ҫ
ճ˵úܶԣǧҪһЩ˵ĿҪ˼ҵıƭˣ˵ܺõˣƭ㶼֪
ýôˣƵ𣿡
һŮˣŵɫְҵװϹЦ˹
ճջ˵ԬɲҪ˵ƭˣһ̭ңԴҩ˰
ĸҰֻһ˵ѣϺ˻ûдǩ˵㡣ԬֺǺǵĵ˵ŮƢҿۼһѾͽƵſڵСŮƵڵأҲĳǰߵġ֮Ըոճ˸ƿƽϣһΪճܲǣһȷżΪҪ£˽Ҫģ³⡣ǲ²׵ʲô
ʲôҪܵƵｻװһĶҲ۰һʮֹصıĽ׶ã˶ӵģͲŪɳ׾ѶˡԬܲʵ
£ǲ֪Ƶϰ˭֪ˣͲġԬЦǺǵ˵
˭
ǵ˭
ռҡճȼˣûϵƵ꾹Ȼ¼ҵĲҵ̫ˡ
𣿡Ԭǲʵ
֮иͲӴһϢ¸ҲѼ˵˵ռƿص飬Ͼʲôʵ¡
СԺճЩЦ
Ԭȴ֪ģ˵ͷ˵ռңƵǺǾվĲҵںǺʵû˸ľƵ£Υ˶Ѿʧˡһʱ䣬Ϊһֱץİѱʹ˲֮
ԭվճȻŷ֣ԭͨ˵УһûŻͨˣҲž޴ռںǵȻ
ճӴĴϲʿվ˴ҲˣЩǮһǴȴûԼѾͨˣںܶ˵Ѿʿ
ȻռҵĲҵǵȷǺܰȫںǲû̫ʸǡ
ˣʲôҪּܵΪȫľƵأ
µճʲôԬ֪ﴫϢһν׵ǴӺеһΪػǽʲôţ
ͷһ˵ǡٹҹͼ˵ͼħÿ˿ᱻӰ죬þܿٹҹУڤգ˻ῴɽˣ


298 ֣ϣ
ģôĻѵûȫĽףճЩ⡣
ⲻӮҷųϢһǰ飬ô̶ʱ䣬˹С˹ﻹ֪жڵšǾҲ˱½Ƶ꣬ܿܽһ
ճҡҡͷԼԾģЩҲãҲգԼ¡
һȻûҲûд绰֤ƿ֮У̫أҲòˡ
ԬȴûŪףȻǵģΥΪɣٷֱӿ˲ΪʲôôСѵʲôΣ
ԴԽԽʹˣһ۾ͿвѰĵط¶ˣûʲôҲûʲô󱳾ֻǺһȽϳľ͡Ѿ˹С𶩽Ѿ˹ҵˡŮҪĻʲôеġٹҹͼʱļҡӢġļ麺ͼһҧŶҵΪѰˡٷûе֮ǰҲǿѲ飬ǸҲ̫ǰ֣ʵ֤ݱ⻭·
ˣ˹϶Ǻʵ˲ǡԬȻ
ţǮ˹屾ǺĲƷӥѪԵϵ˹ĸĹʹŶ鱦ˣȦＫ˵ʱ仹Ҫڹһ鱦ᣬ뺣һЩ֪ʿμӴ˻ᣬʱԴƻؽоٷҲӡ
Ԭ಻һߣϢ֪ܶ࣬ġü۽صڴ飬ճɾúЦ
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Ƶɷ˹˵Ѿڽ׵ˣôȥϹ˷ʱ𣿡ճ
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ǣ㲻ҪȥμӡٻŮĻꡯԾ𣿻ѾԤΪŮˣǲǵǡ˵Ԭֿȵӡ
ճԶԡ
ȷԬ˴Ůǣһֵص顣ֻᣬ۶һ˵Ӧÿģֻճ־ڴˣŲж
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˵ž·ѱԬҪǩڹⱳˡ
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ˣ鵼ǿܵȼˣ˽ôãͲ±˹ô
ԬճûлӦЩ̫ˡͻȻɫһ䣬ƺʲôε˵죬¥ȥ̿»ἱ
ϵöʮ¥ոճ˵ݣͼͬϵһ߶Ѱҡ
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ճ¥ͼԶһݺƵŮͷ󺹵ĴţǽģùǺ
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Ԭ˼߹ȥ˵
ѽҵС̣˵Ǵˣܵиǵųǧܵܣñ˿áһЩߣ߻ұһЩʲôġ
ŮԬľˣȰ˵ԬҲû£ΪʲôǿԼأ
ճЩͷˣͷһȴԭԬ֪ǣ½Ǻϰˣ˶ʮ¥ߣ̬ǣ˼ô
̲˵̫ԣֻò˵һЩһЩұŵļƣԱ߲һඡ
ԬЦá
Ԭæ˵λýʶģдģһλճ磬ҾȥμŵԾݼɺˡ
Ŷʮ¥ִȥԬ˵ݺƬ˶мҪԾѡ
Ԭĵĸճ˵ѣҵľ˹ܵúܿɵģʵĻ鷳¶ģҺܺáһμ㲻̫˽⣬Щ˵ô㲻Ҫ


299 ֣£
û£ճ޿޲ɵ˵
һõľ˳˻Ǯ֮ҪǰһЩرӵ顣
ȻԬѣӦǺܺõġ
С֮ĹϵԬ̫⣬νˡ

Ϊݣ겻ǮĹһЩкֽӰƬֻҪųҪƬ϶дѵͶԼ⣬ѡԼĺߡ
ȻǮĺߣνҺôҺã˸ǮϷ˫ݾôһ¡
ںӰѧԺ֮ʱԪָһۿճֺʣһšճΪŻԪѧһ䵱ϷҲ࣬ʹӦ
˫һļϣ̸
²ûʲô˵ģˣ£ƫƫЩۡ
Ϊű˶ˣͶʷƼĹϵһͷСˡ
з֣ǻСĹԱƯݼ˵ҲܲùһЩ߲͵Ľ
˵ǲӦÿһţ˲̫ͬá
ǸԱˣĲϷȫǲ²𣬾һЩվרҶݼ˺Ҳڸǲסҵĺ޳
˼꣬ЩԼĺһĻЩǴӻ쵽ȥˣôܲۺȣ
ƾҵĳݼһƯĹƾʲôȲЩˢͺ÷ϵļһҾãĹļϷȫƬˣٺõݼҲûˡ
ҲЩʱȷҪʵҪ
սϿ޵еĽһССϡ
жٺ۸Ӣۣյڰһ΢ıС
ʱҲҲ
󣬷һǰ취İ취ݣıչ
ֻҪϷܻҲǷǲɣһǣһСɫҲпܸǡ
ˣͶˡٻŮĻꡯеĺɫţƾԼйϵɫӦֵ
˵ⲿϷŮԬǸ崿ɵĴˣŮŴǸܹϲĴŮ¡һЩڴ
Ԭ崿ˣϲ£ʹգħģλð֡
κһǶ޷ܵ롣
ֲǲ뾺ⲿϷһжţԲܣһ㽭Ľ񽭣ԳƵǹʾǣݼ˦ԼʮôԶжǹڹԱһָӲԱҪɫ䣬ͬĸߴ󣬴ֿǷġ
ֳ࿡ʣƽԼɰӣϷ·㣬ơ
ֻⲿϷѡţҲû취¡
Ȼ׼׼ʱȴͻȻõϢ˵ҪһûݹϷ̨ͬԾɫһ¾ͱըˡ
һӦǵ̫۸ˣڶӦȫǰϷᣬҪɫʵǲ֪
־ˣ˸ʲôȹϵҪŰ޵裬ӴϢݵӰ˼ˡ
𲻺ƫƫҪײҵϣҪǲѹƵӴһʲҾͲշ
ֱһݺݵš
ﲻԸű˺ܻø̨ͬʸ񣬻˵ΪԷ
ճһֽͼһȺˢˢĿ˹Ǻ棬ȻۣͣӣȻһĿǳŭ
ϵǺꡢԪףһʶŮˣԬ˵ӦƬˣҲͶϰݣֵĲ֡
Ҳ֪Ե˺ôһҪ﷽ýɫ˿ճĿŵ⡣
Ԫָ˵ճ˰ɣǺӢôСģôҲ˵ݺĺɣ֪㿴һ㣬ĪݣŮ𣬲м˵
⻰ȻǰָԪߺӲ˽ⲻ֪ԼҲˣһ˾ǿɼԴˣʵûʲô˵
ճһ仰ףԪӦ˵ԼٺûǵŮ˵ӡ
һӰУƬΪͶʷȨǵҲܺӡ
ҲЩճ֣Ƭ˷֣Ҳ㲻ǸõĹԱҲûһճϷ˼
˭ݲݣڵ˵ϷҪֻҪʵĻ棬˭С
ԪЩˣΪ棬Դϵ£Ͳ˽顣ͻȻָߺȨı˽ڰܻҵ˭֪Ԫָķ޲


300 ϣ
Ԫɫ˵ƬҳԣҽҵΪ˭֪Ҳݲڰ˵һټķ־ǺԱҾټճһѣ𣿡
ֿˣճ˭˭ʶݹʲôӰӣԪָ㲻˵ôҳʶŮЦ˵
˵û˼ˣϷݵúòãܹ⿴οΪĺɫֱݼҪ鵼ΪΣ
꿴˿ճֿ֣ЩӣȻŤͷʵԪ֣ɫıݼҪ
Ȼ첻ҲͬһճֲûʲôɻģѵΪܹⷽճȣ̫ˣ鵼ҪĹƬ͵ѡˡ
Ԫʻ֪ѾҷĺʱֻԼĻ
ԪǺˣΪ˴ӲһһǶ϶һ¾Ͳģ沨ˣҲҵڵһָ
˭֪ҪĹƬĵúãûк鵼ݣȴûԪָ
רҵһȨȻһ
ˣ˵Ͳָź鵼˵ˡ
ϧǣ겢ûȥ
ݺƬڷ֣ѡԱķȨȻûָʲô£ԣԪ׵Ļͬûʲôá
ɿһ˵ԪȲԾɡֵ㶼ûҲæ½ۣҪȳ⣬˭úþѡ˭
Ԫ׶ⲿϷҪɵðˡ
ȴǵ˵ôˣ˭ݵúã˭ݵòһĿȻһҲ֤۹ⰡҾͲһ˵ô
ճĿǰ־磬ͷЩʧ
һССľ鶼ô๴ĶǣͶʷƬèҲˣ鵼ݾȻҲˡ
տʼʱճʣͼΪǰ̸˸ˮѡͶʷ̾͸ˣͼ˵Ԫס
ӦͶʷ׷һЩʽͶɣҲѹֺ⡣
ԪǸʵˣӦû뵽һ㡣
ճԿ϶ǣȻԼݵô˶Ϊݵøãӹɵ顣
ֻҪѧһЩϷ£ûʲôر𰮺ã˭Ϸһ治̫ġճţƽ
ҲϷˣ᲻ѹճͻȻߵԬ
ݾͲ£㱾´úܣʲôǺõġǲˣҲҪŮŮʵǸƿ˵ûһԴ鵼˵һҸݲҶԶϷ̫óԬûν˵
ճĿһʱԼĶ䣺㲻ϲϷõĻᰡŮǣעػĴϷеŮҲö㵽ʲô
˭۹ճԴӰ̬ȣⲿϷҲòȥú͹е㷽ȫǰ;ԬӸ֡
ճ֪ԬֻڶԼģСﲻ䣬СճЦЩů
οҲôⲿϷˣϷҲ˳ˡ²֪ʲôʱվ˵廰˵
ճˣҲ̲סЦ
ԽԽȤҪǺ֪ѡŮȫҪ˳֪ô룿
ΪһƬټĲôķ֣ŮʹƮߣⲿӰ»Ļ⡣
ճҲ֪˵Цò׵Ľɫ˶ϷӵڰοԼء
ճЦüͷ˹߻۶ɫأǱճ͸ŮԱڴηЦǷ˰ɣ
ѵΪҪ̨ͬԣŵЩʧ̬
Ǻ룬ΧһЩԱҲš
Ϊɫһ죬Ű飬֮ǰھƵףһԣⲿϷԱȫˣٻ˭Ҳ
Ԫȴûô뷨Ȼ⣬ͳ⡣
ãһ׶ճͷָѧһ飬Ȼ˭úã˭Ӯ
ԪҲܱ˵뷨ΣֻʵճΣ
ճûԹϷеҪԡ
УԪָͿʼɡճνоƬʹ򿪡ȼû¹κˡ
ҲûбۿһճȫǲмֺãݵӰʵе似ȫһҪܴ򣬻򣬻Ҫ˭úÿҾͲһδУȡ
ҪʾĽ䵱̫Ž׽һ򲻿ʹǲҪǿ
ճͷֵͷԪҲٶ˵ʲôý֣ʴȭһƣȻڳ˾ͼһе
Ƽաժգػ
Ԫ׵ڷ֮շתŲ͸ŸվһǱ䣬ÿһأ̲š
ƺʱضԼӿ콣٣һɱС


301 £
ֻоɭֱüޣľ˼мճһܴȦӡ
󲿷˱ǽҲ֪
ãý
Ԫֻ˰˽ͣճȲʡ
оƬɨ֮УԪеĸֽͬһֹԾ䣬βǰδɱ𣬿ȻƮƮģȴֺޱȡ
䵱ɵ֮䴫нŹĺأߵ鶯⡮̫ŽҲɿһߡ
ճﲻŽһúֵͬʱЩδ
ȲʣȫĿԬԼ۾òУճȻ³ͲǺȲʵʱòãǽȥѧϰȴŪƺڿϷһ㣬ҪԪָҲرˡ
ǳ鴤ţǿЦôһ׳վɫֱʤ֮䡣
˵Ԫָҿ˸ţҲѧһ㣬Ԫָָ
ӹԱߵݹһѵ߽ѧԪ׳ǰ˫ģҲʴȭһ
ֻһˢˢˢ趯ʮַΣƶҲúܣţ
ܿ죬־ͰԪʹİ˽ѧ꣬սЦܱƮƮȻ֮һȲʣһξȫԷġ
Ԫ׿һᣬĿЩ룬ֱսˣŻع˵УΪôãһ龹ȻܼǵҵĶ
Цúܵ⣬Ц˵ǳݹƬҲһЩѧ򵥵ļʽҲ㲻̫
Ҫзôõ־ͺˣ㿴ѽùӰӦǿһѧ˾裬츳Ľ
ˣ̨һӣ̨ʮ깦ôѧὣ˼ǰ֪˶ء
ǣҪҲôõףͳɴˣﻹҪһ̨ʶֻСǣԣΪǶЩʡЦǺǵĴȤ
ȻЩ֣ձ鶼Ϊֽúá
Ҳ⡣
գ۷ŹĶŷ֣Цúϲ£죬ǼΪˡ
뷽ֽʹôʣǸճĸԶˣĻܱȷָɫ
ôԪָҾ˵ֱճʺɫɣ㻹šҳƼճǹˣʶܲӰɫ󾫣ûֻиáûճȥϷҲδɡ˾±ȣֵϷ飬г֣ճ²̫ԶǷġ
Ԫޱ飬ͻȻЦˣֻתͷճֵܣ⽣ѶѧûУܲʹһ飿
ѧѧˣֻҸо⽣δƺããڰʽʮֲþʹˡĻܲԪָѺȫóһǳ֮£Ҳܸõϡ
⡭
ԪЩԥðʽ⵹ҲûʲôҪ׽óҲҪ۵ù룬ʮС̫ŽǺóġ
Žһص㣬ǰĻã˺棬Խ࣬ǣͻԽԽԽⲻˣʹʮУҲ˽
֮ȫΪʵǿƤëûѧϹ裬ֻβ
ԪѧҲʮ꣬ȻΪѪ̫߳ɾ̫ͣܵ˵ĽѾﵽڻͨ
ƾͨ˶壬ҲܴӮʮ߰˸ͨ׳Ψһԭ׽̫
úˣȫףƽͳ嵭֮ɱܵס
ô˵ճҲϵˣʱںӰѧԺ֮Уճ־Ϊˣų
Ȼճ֮һʹӦ
ҲУҾͰѽʽ㿴ȫ⾳ӦаȻֻʹǰʽУĲüˣҲǲס
Ԫ״ҲԸƾճҪ󣬱Ͼ֪ѰոǾƺããǼΪϲġ
仰˼ʵҲûʲô棬ֻԼʦѧʱ򣬾˵Ƶ˼Щд
ԪȻѧ˽Ҳѧ֮ʱڵĶಡҲýչѪѧɸһȴʦʧˡ
춨㲻˰չҪں쳾дˣʦ֮Ҳϳ˽
Сװ׽Ľ⡮Գᶣɶ֪һж֮䣬ʲôʱˣͻһһκëеһ֮ȻĻ滨ӵͨ˰ɣ㲻ʡ
ڶ
ԪôҲģɡʮȥˣѧŽȻǽ
ǣ쾹ȻڱԼĽšƺãạ̃ܲôһ̣ȡµһָŻҪ˷ܡ


302 ٸ֣ϣ
ѵ֮Ѿӵʦ˵⾳ˣЩ彥ĺԵ˯úãͲһΪԼúãȴԭԭʡֻҪһ˿̻õܴôʦûƭҡԪ
Ŀճһۣ˵㿴ˣʮһһǳɣٶȡңֻʾһ飬ܲܶͿԼˡ
ΪճΪӮñԲҪĦȫ׽ĿȻõŽɫȴ֪ճĸͲôһ£ֻǵҪѧϰ
ܲȫϵһ̰壬ѧʹãʵǱʲôҪ
˾ӣӲȺʺװƣճȻŹѵкûᡣ
ûݵ˽ģճʲôȱǲȱ֣ʵȱҲ£оƬѧ
Ԫһһʽİѡ̫Žʹ˳ҪǻѧᣬҲͿҿ鶹һͷײˡ
ȭһѧʱֻ˼ҵĴ򷨣оƬѧʲôʵԶģֻѧһƤë
Ĵ򷨣ǵ㡢áϴء̡ѹҡһЩʽÿһʽɱЩתʽΰЩʽһγһлȴǼĶĸزʾˡ
ԪֻһָµһָȻǸָЩνҡ
ûŻ֮ǸͲ֪Ż֮˼ʦû˵ڱˣҲԼɣҲûʲôֵôڵģ㴫˳ȥԼûѧãѧòһЩĲҲûʲô
˭֪ϻճֹˣʲôֻҪǰǿһ۾ѧᣬܲȫĽ
Σֻ˵⡣
ճĿ˼
ֻһ׽ʱ䣬ճѾоƬ飬׽һʼĿĿİڻģ˱仯ÿһÿһʽһı仯Լޱϡ
̫Žȫѧᣬڻͨ
װҪĿѾɣЩ˵ĳЦôأһ֮ǲǲ̫Ԫӣ͸Щһɣʲôǽ
ԪָҾˡճ𾫸ֽȭһ񣬾ͿʼŲõ߽ҲѧԪһ˰Ѳ潣ѧý߲ôɣҪԭʵһѧĽС
ӡһֱ򵽡ػճĶͷ·ͷ̫Ĺ԰裬˷ָԵֵŽȴһ
ѧɶҲ̫˰ɣڹƵġ
ڹ궼ˣûоƮƮƺ紵Դһ㣬ĽͻᱻֱĿˡ
ճŽЩ˵۹⣬Ȼܿˮ֮⣬Ȼç֮Ҳиڰ
Ľû꣬ѾЦ˳˭ܿѧ˭˭ˣǰʱ򽣹һɸ˷緶ճĽͲ˵ˣΧ۵˸оԼŻȻ벻ʲôݴʡ
պǺǼЦ鵼ҲˣճҲУ֣涼̫ԶȻߺŻǲеģҪʵУҵõţҲֻѡˣ⻹ʲôԥģ
ãý
껹ûüػԪȵĺһʣĲɣʱȫ˷ܡ
ҲǺýЩȻŵһֻȭͷôҲŪԪ׵˼ˣо¼ΪŹ֣ⲻܡ
ԪľúãõòˣҪϰٱǧ˿ף׽ʮ֮ãĻ֪ܲ
ǰճ˵Ľ￴ˮ⾳Ӱӣ͸˵ֱޣΪʦ˵ļѴﵽĽ硣
ճأȴ־ֱ֮ӸһĽͨ˶ܿ⾳ǺεȵĲ˼顣Ϊýʱ򣬲һ˾ڹ꣬ƮƮ˶ôΪٽһأΣ
Ԫ׻֪ģʦ˵¸ΣͿӰģʵѱ磬⾳֮ԡ˼ҳԶʵȴǽüޣѿͬһ˻ûмᶨ־˺ѵֵ⾳
ȻճĽԶԶûдﵽһѾһЩף٣⾳ͱԪһ˿ͷҪǿ౶
Ѿȷ·ϣ綼ܴﵽ硣
ôܽԪײΪˣ
Ľ֡
ʵճûԪŶ츳һеԭֻΪճȭĳ׶Σôͬ⣬ȭ⽣⣬ж
ȭɽ紺ˮ
ֲͬıַʽͬ⾳Ρ
ǿԾǿֻҪ˼·ȷǿһزճܱȱ˿ʮٱС


303 ٸ֣£
ȵճЦӯӯͣʽԬһҲƺȲʣԬֻǵľճúÿƮƮɣȴǿһЩŵֱž⡣
ԼΪճĶ֣Ȼ;öԷĽ˿ˣѹȣȫ֪εֵ
ⲻǺýʲôźã
ȴû۹⣬Լ޳ܵĻവˣָˣһ߿Цá
ΪԪܴȦһѵõֱ֮ˣʢ֮£ʵѷ
ǳª˲ĿõĽԪ׼ȻǼŮһ㣬˵һ÷ֻ˵һ
ֱƿԣȴᣬüͷԪʵԪָģ˵ճѧñȷֻðɣ
ԬµҪԪȴǳˣҪƫ˵˭ѧúãݵþʣ»治ô
Ԫ۾һбգŮʿⲻ˵ķϻô˵ĽпɱԣǴһѧ߰㣬ճոѧʹﵽʦ磬Ҷ̾磬˭ʤ˭õϸ˵𣿡
ӵĻ͸ĳȫоϻģڡ
˵˱˲˵ĻһУֻΪԪһ֮ʰɣôûճĽˣֲԶˣҪٱһ
æԣҪٱһⳡԪָƫ̫㡣
˵һǱʮΣճֵһʤġǿ֮ǸͲ⣬ˣöϴ࣬׾ף˵촽ûá
ǾͲ˵ʵ˵һԣǿȭɡ
˶˷ˣǿǸ֣湦ǻӣȦ˭֪ûݳֻΪ̫ѿͷûëüëʮֲֿ˲֪ѧһְ˼ȭܿשʯѰ߰˸׳Ķ֡
һϷʱʱ鱻˼񣬾¼ĶҪõʱǿˡ
һ˸֣ȻˣǰѰ˴ˣ˾ԱƲȫȦ˶֪ġ
ⳡϷݵһʬһɫ
ֽɫҲֻݣûױ˷ֱ֣עĽɫ
ãʦȭٺòˣ˭֪ܴ򣿡
ʦΪֱʣûѧŪ٣ֱֱֻ˽ǿĵˣ˼Щӣȫͨһó
Ȼ仰İ˼˵ԪָŪ٣ճ̫ߣѧİнƨͨȴԪ׿һ仨
һáꡱЦ˳ڶﴵǿ湦򣬴˰˸¼ˣһûﵽν֣һֻ־ܴ˸òã˵ճˡ
Ԭ֪ЦʲôҲ֪ճϼ컹˼ҵֽ棬ȴҪѧ˼ɽկ˼ȭġʦȭʵ˿Цá
ճȫ㲻ùֻʲôñȵģΪƾԼһ֮ܳΪģĽУǻҪиʲôһľСģҾҲҪȡɫԪüͷоܵ衣
ճҲЦԪ˵úܶԡ
ǰ˴ĳȭУһ˾ʵսǧģÿһж⡣
ѧûãǾһʹõķʽʱԣ⡣
ЩУҲ˵ãЩʱӺÿһͻһȱ㣬Ǿûʱʵսļ飬źܶ࿴©ôҲֲ˵ġ
ֻеȵಫʱŻ֣ᷢһ©ͻýֶС
ЩĵӰ滨ӵҲ˵ţ굼ĳõĹƬ˻ʵսȴûǸ۹⣬ԼһβĵӰʵڲʲô⡣
ҺüԪָһ׽ҲջķᣬûһˡĺôѾ֣ճͶԽıɺͶԺ˵Ȼ鵼ݿ㱾£Ҳرˣô˵ɣǰԾģҵǷҪɫɣˣҾ˳ףǵӰܴ
ճ˵ҲȺ˵Ҫߣȴÿըˡ
ʲô£ҵĽѧøãŪƺӮƵģװһģʾԼĸߴ𣿡
ճȴΪǳĴԼŵĽɫԷȻòֵһᣬܲȫν⻹װƷɡ
뵽˾Ͳˣŭ˵ұȾͱȺˣ˶ģûƫ㣬ԭα¶˰ɣʦǸֱˬˣһ˵һ̵ȭԳ˭ǿµȻ¶²̨˳Ҳǡ
˵ʲô᲻˵Ԭܲ˵˵ճǲ㶪ͬһʶѣ顣
һģ۾˶ܿȻ˵ඡƲ
ǣһͲûһˣճ㶯ֽţҲ˵ÿ
ԬϾֻӰǣ˼ҹҲһǱȲˣ˵
Χ۵Ա۷׷ס


304 ӣϣ
ͻȻվ˳ŷָ˵ҲճɫʶˣոĽҪǿ̫ࡣ
㡭
Χһô˵Ҳһ㶡
¿ɲԬʲôˣڶƬеУǹһָһ㣬˵Ļִͬ
һΣһֱ²ؼƽһŽ񽭶ͷת˹ҵϵĳɼҲ˶٣۹ڵҪǿһЩģֻһڹϴǮĵӰˡ
ֻҪһ³ΪʾҲǰ϶飬˵Ļû˿ԺӣǺҲС
ˣ֮ûʲô˼ǰɣһҪȣҾ͸һأһΣԸճ»˵ʲôæסĻͷ
˼ѾָյսˣҲһŮվǰų棬ܶ˵ýҲУȻ˼һ˵ʲôᣬͻ῿Ůˡ
⻰ȻںҲû˱͵İãЩ˵ĻƢһԭǣԪ׼ȻΪԼкö⣬бҪΪ֤
͸湦򣬴򲻴úãûٵģˣǿЩĵĿճ˵ҲߺŽˣûʲôΪԼȱǿƫƫһ޳ܴȦиʮϷθ룿
ʼɣ˵ôȭ˵ѧûУŴһ򿴡ճҲŭֻƽ˵
УϣֵƤôǿҭðûعӲҲûж˵Ȥˣֻǿŷ˵ֻһ飬㿴ˣǸȭ˼֮˴ʽ
ǿƣ۾ÿճһۣ˵ˡ
ûʲô˵ģϷôݺѧǻҪԱӽֵһשĲˡֻҪЩȥҲʵ˭ݲݣֺαҪѡôһʮֳªأ
Ϊҵȭúã湦Ϸʶ˲ͬ
ǿţȭĴ˰ʽȭУȭŴ󿪴ϣ·죬ʮ㣬׶ĳ࣬ߴģȷʮ硣
湦һͺɱӡ
ԪָǺǿܺÿģӰƬʮۣǿȭǿ
ճҪˣǿǻȻ̫һЩ͵ĶҪѧءĹƬ֪ôݸƣ˿ɲС
տЦˣǿǺԼͼģԺнɫԶ࿼һȻ˳óҲֱˬŪ˭ϴ
ֺǺǵȲ˳Ҫ˸ոձӵһڶ
ѰʽȭһǳɵĴ˳
˼ȭȭ㣬ӰƷмЩƾϲһزΪԷǽӴġ
Щ죬˽ҲʱĿָƱǿƻҪ㡣
ꡭ¿ֶ׿һͨȭ鸡ȭȫ׾ʵ̲סЦ
ЦճҪôӦԡ
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ΧȫҲŰƣ̬֧˭ѡ˭ţ˲ò¶ˣճѾˣԼʱѾӡ
ѧȭȲ˼ңίҲãʵ벻ճʲô취ȡһ˿ᣬмĿ⿴ճ˾ˣǲһλźãʵСɫ
ȴûһճ˵Ļģ治һԱûҪϷ֮ˣŪȫǱԪ
ȻѧˣԾܷͨճκʧúշЩ˵⣬չЩˬģȻˬˣǵȻ취ñҲˬ
ǿ˰ɣƶĺˣһûأܵҡճЦ˵
ȫЦǺǵǰϲֵõŵĽɫʱףҲ磬û˼ҵݶڵͷ΢Цȴû뵽һг˽˵Ļࡣ
ʲô˵ȫڴء
Уֻ⻰ܵ˵̫ɨˣһʱԣ
˴ʵҲģȻǶ뿴ҳԣҲôʧˡճ˵ûҰ˼ȭǽ֣оƬɨ֮Ҳѧ˴򷨣һЩƤëҲǿҪ
͡ԬüɫľСȭͷľ֪ճȭж硣
ֻճںӰѧԺı䣬ʵǺ˽ճΪһս򵹿һɺͺˣճʮ֮һı¶ûóֻǼ򵥵ĳȭȾͰѶִ˸仨ˮ


305 ӣ£
ҪΪʦǺ׼ĶʦһΣ͸ͨԶˣӲȥĵӰӡ
ԣڹȦ˾ռߵһӰȦʵһִ˵˶ʶͬʱճ
ճһȭɫĮ˲֪ô£ͻȻ͸оƺѪƯֵս֮ϣǹѪɱֱüޡ
֪ģЩ˾˼ɫ䡣
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粽ȣýڶ𣬿һ죬ͬҹը죬ǡ
ǧһ족˵ȭٿ쵽һز򱬿ȭϣܣͨˣǾͻϿ׼ˡ
˵ʵ򱬿ֶֻΰˣճȭý죬ȻҲһˡ
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ǳɱȭսϾȻɫСݣѤĻ䣬ìֺܶг
ճƣЦЦĿΧˡ
ִʱѾſڵϣֱͷȫɪɪǿֻסͷ棬ȫ£վȴè㵽ǽȥˡ
˸տʼʱԲѷճԣ˾ͱճرչˣȭָɱɭȻǲһʧӿȭ֮Уֻоܿһ̾ͱýϹۣ־һʱʧأҲ⡣
龰ԬҲȻͬʱЦ

ЦƺܹȾţΧ۵ԱҲͲסһЦʵͲסˣ֪øֶһЩӣⶫɲôôġ
ճתԪױȭЦûлԪָҿ͵ʦ٣ŵĽɫһǲȡˣϾ־ڴˣ˰ɡ˿ֽ꣬˵ԬڴϷҪԪָͺ鵼ݶա
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꿴ճһȭ棬˫֪ԼεĴ̫Ҫôһ˼ӰƬƾʦȣʹʲôõӰ֪Ρ
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Ͻһƾƽùζݽ̨ܲ֩˰ߣѾܾûп
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ʮͣüһص׺˿һ۾̲ס̣أճڳĻͻᷢ˵ľʵ1.0ԬľҪ
˵֮ξͿӰ쵽ˣ˸Ч
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ֵԴ¼ư֮һֱΪñȵܴܵ꣬ʮչܵܡ
֪ǲĵ̫࣬ûº֪ԵܵܵĸжԼΨһ˾ɱˣηŭ
ϧһдۣҪճ
˵ģҲġ
룬ȴܼѣڶǵܴͱ˶ţʲôٶȻϢµĶֻǸոһͱˣ˫һֱֲǰ
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⵱ȻǸᡣ
ǣþ˺ǣΪ˷ֹ´˷ǰѴɢϰλòǱڳҵ˵طչ룬һ䰲ȫݣʩȫȫ
⣬ˣæֺõ˵죬ǲҵճľӼ֮أҽջõһϢ鱦˹ҪںǸмᡣ


306 ӵϣ
ʲôϢΪȱǮȱ鱦𣿡
߸ŵһԲһ˵
æ˵˵ĺϢ˹СƵ˽һСٹҹͼƺħ˵ΪҪӰĵı񺣳ǹղؽ綼񡣡
ٹҹͼֵͼʲô֪ǣԴװɣ
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ʲôʱ飿
ЦĿ˸ʵ
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⵹ǸûᣬֻҪж죬ȫռҷӦ֮ǰͰˣȥͼǵپͻᱩ¶еĿҲʵ֣ҿĵܵܵĳʱſԵñ
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ǰû᲻ϧһд۵ȥ˵ӰĵͼȴС
ͷĿҧ˵ʲôٹҹͼˣµľĶ⣬ʲôɡǾɱճģΪĿ꣬ȫ
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ټظľѻˮƽѾﵽ˵˦ĵزҪ۾ӵһǼѡ
Ϊظѻʱ˴һ˲ǿӽǹ۾ǧ֮ڷԴֻҪ֪ģǶںǽ֮Ҳᱻ˫۷
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˵ˣùǶǡþʵĲʵֶΣϲִټкܶΪ
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⵱Ȼõ۹ˣЧʮֲ
û˻飬ͱͷҪľ
ʲôˣԼ˽ĶǾη壬һǼºظҲ⣬ûصʵٸߣôܻǵЧأ


307 ӵ£
һܺõƷʣ¶˾ľͲ;ı䣬ǰżջҲǲ䡣
ڣ֪ƵžͼŶԼʵżֻҪһ־ɵĵõ
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ȻһĿ飬ǷؾͼҲǣã²һ£һˡ
˳˵ң߳⣬ƽԶһ񳵣ûͣĬ˳ӷֱƵȥ

˹߰ͷСͷŴ󾵣ϸϸ۲ֱߵľʱװĸһԶţһ۾Ļͷ٩٩̸
С㣬ģҿûĻǡļ麺ͼʻϸ徫£īˮܷŨ塣ǻмһףˣܵ˵ѵõļ
ôֱʣԶһһƵĳɹʿ˸˵ġʿġļ麺ͼѾҪﵽԼĵز˵ƭǰ衽ڣȴҲ룬ŻȨͷɲô򵥵ġ
Ϊʲô衿أһιƣһŮֱۣ˶࣬ЦݼΪۣ˵ȴǴɷ羰
Ϊŵʦܣ͵컻ַ˲ˣǺǣ벻ɣҲǵǰ
ǵĶԻһΪֵ̽ʿǾǵʢġ۴ʮûһαץ֤ݣ˵ǡûм顱׷ľǸ߿Ƽ
һƱǻ𣿡ŮЦʵƺŽʲôһ⡣
ˣϽߣʲôһȦǮƭˣһ֣ıƭ֪ǼٻҲǧЩȫǷӣǲ𡣡һкƣС˵ϴ΢΢Ц⣬¾ƱʹŮֱſȥ
ΪʲôôߣǾ㽻׵Ǽٻⲻǻоڳǲƭ֣ײɣѵʲôΣգŮ˺ǲ⣬Լɷ´ϸĽȻҪߣҪߵĵ
ʮ¶󰸣δʧ֣ԭ۹⼫Ϊ˵ã֪Ϊ񣬴Ӳ
һУ͵㲻ڼһӣҲˡ
ЦһһҪʧˣҹùұǳżٻģöж٣ûаá
ԭˣ˼Σ
ǵȻ岻Ϊƹ壬ǵļ崫Ȼöмңȴһֶصı£ܹӦŶʷϢǼٻôǮȥǾֻһɣıʵȡļ麺ͼҪ󡣡
˳˼һᣬ˵ѵմžģͼǰٹҹͼֻصĻͼɢֵϢ˹ڱصãôĶ»ʡ
뵽˵ĽŲһЩ޲ܳʮԽԽΣˣѾŵвϢ


308 Ͷϣ
Ϊ棬٣ʵ֮ʵ֮ˣ򻭵ˣȫɫļƶ򵥡
Щ˱۴Ҳ㲻ʲôˣǴӲմ̫鷳Ķⶫж౦
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˾ܿ⼸ƽﲢûнߵľ飬ҲٴװϻŨŨζ
ʲôְҵͲʶ֪ˣӦȫڵĽɫζҲֻϽŵóȻûһ㡣
ֻǸоһ׮ĽףҲûִ̫ڹŶʱԭǲ޳ɻȥģʵϣֻҪǮ˵⣬ȥҲû˻òס
۴ҪȥҲβ¶ʧ飬⽻׳ˣԤ֮еĻƴͻûзҪ֣ȴҲʵЩź
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ľŷɼصŴ˼ֻһļΪߴç˽һͷܣȵ¥΢΢з顣
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ɫ԰׵ˣܲ˶ϾֹŹֵ飬ǻ˳ǹٶȼ죬ﲻԾֱӿǹҲɱˡ
̵ܶʱڣ˶֪ôˣȫڵϣǹ
۴˸ոճ嵽űߣͱײýϹۣڵǽеңսʿǹٳǰȥѴ˿
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ޱĶԿȻǵһ顣
Цĸ˽˿ĲƴȺзɻϵ׹
ſظȴǲӰ
ӹеľϸϸһᣬٱ۾ǶصϢϵЦݸŨˣѴȫ¥ڣܵ·жϡһȥ¥ݿ̽·ҵСӲҪݾߣźŸңΪϡ


309 Ͷ£
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˵ӲϴһЩ֮һ̫׸ʽ̫ע⣬ֻҪʵ𲻵̫á
ССԲͬû˻ỳһŵССȵֲѾˣţëϸâȫѪֵܹ֮ġ

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314 Ѷȣ£
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316 ת£
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318 ֱʣ£
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˹㹻˽ҷɻҲûʲô֣ճֻǾɽʿ̬Щ֡
Ϊʲô᲻ĵʿ
ʵҲǲǵǲǵƷ˹Σ˵ʮֱףճ֪ģҴСӦʮһֺرֱʱûеĲһЩ飬ȻⲢܳΪ֤ݡĸʮɽʿȴʿͼ


320 ͼ£
ճֹǮ̫ˣУǼҲпӣڲİҲĻϲ⣬ѰĻĸ׾Ȼεʿ
һ˵ǲ̫ԼƷ磬ѹҪһȫʵͷֱֻʵСܲų⡣
ݣôܹſֽȥӵ¶ˣ
ճҡͷͲٶ룬һһʱҪ̫ࡣ
15СʱĿĵأճһγȴû̫ģǿʱʱ̶̿ĵȻŲҲޱ顣
ʱϣƷ˹һƻͨĴ͹ű֮С
Сˣ˵ܾˡһͷʮӭ˳ɫ˵
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׶壬λİȫʣרΪ˸׵ģ㰲õĿͷǣȻҪ͡
˵ȥԼĸףճ˾ڲ׶İס
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ճϴ˸裬Ӧһűо޵һʮֹܵϢƺ˶ڸĻ
͵ʱͬճƷûŮˣҲûᣬǼһСʿ
˵СʿʵҲжʮˣճһɫ۵ʿͻȻЩЦͷճлܼװѾˡ
С㣬εõǼʦ˵ˣȡһЩıܷʩȡ㸸׵ǲץʱС
Сȴ޹Ǽ˰ߣǳһ˵°ɣҪ顣
ճԹۣﰵҲѹɽʿй۲ãʿ񳽣ڱ˼ҵĳǱȥ磬ôҲû룬ֱѯǲҵ˱̬ȣкøҲɡ
ҲϵʿŵѾһЩĸо̽ˡ
Ȼ񳽿˿ճƷ磬Щܣ˵Сҽɣʦ˵㸸ǱħˣԲѣҽҽǲɵġһڻҽβĴţƭˣҡײƭ
ճһ˹жʵ̫ˣոյݾѾ˰ǳ𣿾ԼǸҽʿ֪ʲôǲ֪ģ
Ҳ˵İȫʣһɼЩȫأΪҪ鱦չרҵʿڳ˷һЩ鵭
ԣճ˵񳽣ǵϢ׼ȷһǸҽܲκҲ˵㡣ҽУҲǼװƭ˼ҲҪһЩɣ˵ûң⹥ѾȫϳȥСʿôļ
鿪ЦһճԼҲΪԼʱ䱦󣬿ɲͷʲôĻ
ֱԼҽǰҽģڵԷʲôӦ˵
С쵶ն顯
ɫһڣָűӲ˼ʵ˵ǼװƭҲôҡ
ѵ˹ŵùǿԾȻ棬أղŻ˼ǽ˼ŮұβòҪոҽ𣿡ճµ棬ЦеĿ񳽡
㡭ҾͿҽжߣ˭ᰡһҵСʿճ仰һ˵ʱ֪ô˵ˣֻ÷߷ߵ˳ȥȴҲû˵ʲôֵĻ
ճ˼Ŀ뿪󱳵İͼ϶࿴ۣͻȻתͷ˵С㣬లűĸ
㷢ʲôͻȻҲоЩĻţȴΣ
ڻȷ񳽵̬׽ǸոŵϵζûУһζ𣿡
е㣬ʿⲻǺ𣿡Ʒ
Ʒȫһͷˮճ͵Ҳȷңûÿݷ˵ǾλͥȻҲųǾÿȺã㰡ζͨɫӦϺõĳ㡣
ͨǺճ֮ôõϣɽҵٴҲꡣ
ҹСʿ֮ĺǿѣû¶£ľ޷ıʱ䳤ӦǷʲôԡ׼սˡ
ճصЦЦңС㣬ûо񳽺׾ˣôִӦǸƽյԸЩͬɣ
ǵģʦͽ֮󣬰ݲñɣƽʱңҲӲõġ
أѵסǼң
׿ĸţҪĸ׺һò͵ģǱǸе㲻˼˿ˣȴôӣôص


321 ࣨϣ
޷ֻӦµģǲЩ񡣡ճǺܴȣָƷ˵֣û´Ļ϶ȻбʷҲ̽Ҳ·ʯ鷳עСİΣ
УҵǿƷЦ˵оһϢȻ÷
ƷʵȴǱ˵͹ģǺЩʦûܿƷʵǹ⡣
սɱʮ꣬ǹɱһǻԸɭֶܵǺʲڹʱǳ˫Ĵ󽫣ʲôֶ߰ζЧ
һֻƷѧа˼ѧüΪ裬㲻մߣӶΪսʵսʽֱֱӸַλִ̻ûлɲ
ⲢǱ˵ļʶ˶ֻǴӾжһ˵ʵǴдһ˵似ߵͣƷüȲƯ似ɱмʺϸ˱ԣҲ˱ˡ
ֻճоƬɨǿľˣܷƷ̰ͬǿѪ
һԽսսʿѪ桯֮ѪȾģϧǣĵѾȫˣû˰
ճµûĻӦ֮ȴûȵҪĽԴԴԮЩͷ׼ǰˡ
ڽ죬ճƷ˸ϵ֮
뷨У˹½ԮɽʿȻ˵ˣڻúܣճʱںҲΪߵӮڵİ˼ֻԪֻ֮ҪϢͨһĸ˺֯Ҳûв֪ġ
˵Ԯ־ڱصõıͶһЩסҲ֡
ճİȫʣֻƭƭܼˣʵϣᡢɽŵֶҲӦʶġ
˵Ӱܻĳر֮
ԣճոСʿ̽Ϣڰеĵˣ̽ҪƽһƻӦڽ֡
֮ѡճƷ˸յأδȣδŪƣһֲ
ȵλȫʡֿȡʩʲô⣬ࡣ
ƷҲһ㣬ճļƻʮΣڵһʱİŲûа顣
ǴζԸ֯ĵˣճսȫŲߣ˼ϸܵݵ޿ӡ
˳죬⣬һжΨճհֻǮˡ
Щɻ󣬲̫ճжϣֱûʲôΣգֻʵЩܰɣ˵Ŀǡε֮ġĻӦûȵչʱ֣ҵİȫõĵģ˭Ҫõǿű飬ȡ
ɲҪԼƭˣĿԶֻһַˣǸԴ֮⣬һԲѵ˿Դ򿪵ġ
˵סɫ䣬ƺʲô
ԣΪ˸׵Ĳ򿪱ó飬㸸ȻҲΪǻԲѣҲֻǻԶѣʲôʱѣǿ⡣
ɫãͻȻճ˸˵Ǿ鷳ƿشˣһ̫򵥡߳ûдߵֶΣͻ
ճİɣ㲻ֱ𣿿϶֪ǱҺҪжǧӢȻ˸ң˭ҲҵĻߡ
ԣΪĲƲҪ໨˼ˡһ㣬ҲͲٵġ
˷ֱƷȻȥ˹ճȴǻ˿ͷúϢ
˵ʮأĲôģоƬɨ裬ûƤµ
֪ƷСڣ᲻ʲô𻨣ҪеĻ鷳ʹˡճĳЩȤ飬ֺǡ
£;ڤ˼˺ܾõķɻҲЩۣбҪһ¾
ĿӴ򿪵ĴӿڣճоʮʣͷҲһЩ
弫Ϊǿ󣬶Ȼһ±仯Ѿûʲôо
оƬɨ֮󣬿ͷԲʮǣɽʿסĵطֻļͷоƬĹ۲췶Χڣ˵һһճԺһһ֡
ּӷʽû뵽
ճﰵЦҲȥĵͻϮԭڣΪʿġ
˵ĸ׶ɽʿʮΣ֪ŵ˰пӣŵôܲŮ˵İΣһԤʩ
ͷճסĵطҪݻˣźƤëǽϹһЩͻϰŹŶͺи
˵ճסĵطֻռһŽྻʿӾϺԷˡ


322 ࣨ£
ĵطڷһֻ¯ȼ֧Ϻɫ㣬ͷ⣬ȴźԶճľƺܸоƢ㡣
ӵ伮ϿӦϵȳˮ㣬һƬ𣬰Ϯˣľ
һźϵʿϥڰϣϢԨƽԶʵ񳽣ˣҲ˵ˣƽľʱ̹עĶܿŮʿɲܳܲܵõȫˡ
壬ôȥ̽̽ȫʵĵףԹ̫˰ɣճȻ˵װƭ˼ҲҪطһҪԪ޺˵
Ҫ壬⣬ýʦô˵㶼׵ģżȻǼ壬Ȼ˼Ҿ͵г˵ģĻɢûʲô˰ʦѧΪǵľѧѾʧʦһ겻һ꣬˲̫𾴣Ҳʲôͨʿеǲͨ÷ϣҪǱ˷ôõĻᡣŵѵ
ʲô᣿ǮҲȱмﻹʲô˲õıɣǵΪ̫󡣡ЩΪȻ
ʲôǮƲȱǲ֪޵ǼѣûǮôУŵĿԼֶһۣЩɸ֣ǸҩܶʮʹﵽĳɾͣǮҪʵ˹ҵıҪҲ쿴ϵϢѾԿ϶Ǹνġε֮ġӦǵұʲô飬ǰ˵ӡǴС
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ֻϵʿ˵ʵҲʮֿ϶Ӧôȥǵʦ˵ӡǷ֣һΪΪ⡣ͺܺ⣬Ȼӡǣ˴󣻶һǽ⣬ȭ⣬⴫Уҹ˹Ů϶һƼϢ棬ԶӦǽ⡣⣬ǿšε֮ġʲô鱦ǰµĽ֡
֣Ҳ𣿡Ԫ
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ԭˣճһԾŵ˵ɢȻ
ǷŽͼȻԼѧᣬǻֻʽʹúѪתȴһҪŹǾǵҽ֡
ͼй׾ѨɫӰϵʿŵ˵ĻƶϣӦˮϵ֣ǣˮԪѹ
ѨûнִУҪʹҲֻܿѪƴˣѪӦҪ࣬ûкԪ䣬һȳͻС
֪ʲôԭճȻʣԡε֮ġǿˣµıԼҪһλĲʧ֡
Ҳܿ˹ֱʵ̫ˣܴӸָճȱʲôʲôҪ
Ҳûȷʶڤڤ֮Ѿˡ
ǵҸ˽ѡˣԺٴɺϣ뷨ʵ̫ΨˣΪš
ճֻ֪ĿǰԼˡ֡ɽʿõ˽֣ͬΪңǿ϶÷ŵġҪʱ
Ǹ֪ϸĵˣȻԶԲѣϵʿ޷ΣӦҲŶֶΣǲ֪ļҷˡ
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һ֣ݺӣһЩҲС
ԣֻҪνĽֱ˶ˣһʱ϶ǱõճϰǷŽȴҲ롣
ϵĴ˵ܶ࣬һЩʿ˭ҪǸҲѱ˷˵ʲôʱͻԸ
뵽ճＤһ˼֡
ֵ鱨ҪһϢ˼ֻǾǷֶ˵˵
ʦǸճ˵ƺǸҽһЩκ˹ĲԪɻ
ˣô֪ЩģĲǱ㣬˵ҽǻ٢Ҳβõġŵ渧ų룬ɫƽ
ܸоСЩŹ֣ʱȥСʱ򣬱Ҫһִֻ䣬ҾȻҪѵһٵ˼ȫˡ


323 ƿأϣ
˵㱻˻ҷ
ŵ浹ˣЩࣺϸ˵˵˸ʲôо
ţǸо۲ֻ˶֮ȥɫźáԪЩԻ
ԼҲòˣԼΪҴˣᱻһͨ˼仰˵Զԣϰˣ
ãǾѹƣ㵱ʱǲǾúܡŵֱ壬ֳʽָһŵɰͻȻָ䣬޻ȼڷ𣬴ô죬ָüģĿ
ճֻоһ޵ĿӸоļ䣬һɨȴԼľоƬɨûв֪ϵʿ֪ʲôֶΣڲû˰ء
аЦ֪ϵעùˡ
оƬɨ֮Уͷ˵ʵ׹һ߰˾ţ΢΢ƣӦǰʵƿɳ¡
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Ȼճﵽ2.3ľҪ࣬ϵʿѾճǿĶˡ
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ʿٽ̸ճջ˾оƬɨע롮÷˪ʼÿĹΡ
׹þˣճоԼľΪۣȻûӶ٣ǰȴǸ
˵ǰľǻǵĺˮɽȪ
֮˼άݶȣǶƿأȭʽ涼µĳ
ͬľ磬ӳʵҪǰǿܶࡣ
ճУһǵǷǹĿĶ౾õȻҲˡ
;ȴͬ飬֮޴ڵǽʲģֻõòϡ
ˣճȭԾҲһ㶼иţֲɵķţܻΪһ壬ٽ
ҹճϥѪ΢΢һ˹Ӧһӣȴǵ賿ĵҡ
ϵʿŵ˵ʱ̹עŮܿʾСֶԱ֤Ů˲⣬ճȴǶϵʿĶȥһЩ顣
ҲȥƷǱߣƶϣ˶˹ıͼıֻѪܴ򿪣ôֻҪԷ򲻵ѣǾɱ˹Ѫĺ⼦ɵ򣬲ճ
ȻֻҪκ˹ҲһõġԿסҪȽϣԸϼ޻ˣжԸһСŮס
ⷽǱȽϰȫοƷڳΣգҲֻ龪һȫҪԼġ
ΣյķĸܿŮʿûѪ򲻿Ǹ䣬Ϊݣ߱ˡߡʡ;ʵǱ˵ϺĿꡣ
ճ룬ϵʿΪһϽȻҲһ㡣
ϥʿͻȻ۾վ
ճű桰¡һ˽ַײһХǣȻ;
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ճȻʵֵƷһд̻ǲԸģʮһյֻһ̣Զǹ⣬һеʮֺ󣬺ܵסһС
ճԸƷ粻ǹӲƴͺãҪۺʵʤΪսɱϰ˵Ʒ磬Ÿְ취ƵñӲƴ
ȻƷˣճҲͲעǱߣϣǱȶֻ𹥣ΣյǷܿ
ʿͷҲصķɿӹȣӡеԷȥԶԶĵں棬оƬɨ迪Բʮ׾С
һ˴ñվܿǰҪŽȥ͸оԶ죬ӰһһҰɫĳ̹߳΢΢һ٣оһ
ȻճͿʮһĻ˱һ˵ߣͻأĲӿߴӰ˳
ӰӦͷӣۿ΢΢źâһ⼣߰ߵĴ󽣣һųìһ־Ͱڳ̬żŵֶȥ
Ʒ죬ì̻ͬƱƷĹƾȻҲȥ
УԣƺǵӰϷгֵٻٻáճ۾Բˣо۽硣


324 ƿأ£
ճ֪಻Ϊ֪ʿ˹ǵһҴУûмʶս֪ٻǰ֣̼
һҲȥ
ó֣֪ɽʿܿҪʧ֡
ͻȻĺ˵֣ó־͵ó֡
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ʿͲⲫְҵοŵľ޵ʿճ̾Ϣһ˳ʶԴ󣬱ϵʿţƺ̬ƭˡ
ŵɫأҲûʵмûᶯģʮ־޴󣬹ͷʵ
ѾܿԷ֮У䣬ŵżҲ˲ֶˣҧ⣬ˡһѪȼյֽϣϵľһԾУֽǽͷ΢΢׹⡣
ף
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ȴûзӦһŵӳַľ˱ܣȻǰ
η޾壬ûʹС
ֵˣϵʿԼͿˣǹͷӣԼʲôҪ϶ͷ
һ䣬Ʈõͷ
ŵ汻סȾХֶӲͷƤҲǰæȴϵʿȥˣﲻùܡ
˵üġ
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ȴʱſӰһ˳
ּһŮˣһְֻɫͷһӣͼһɵİƮ˹
ŵոտãҲԶȫû֮£Ǿ

ճϢǰܵζȻһ٣֪ٸȥҲһתʹȴԾ˳ȥȥ
ۿϵʿ͵סľʹӿһʱ᲻űʱȻѱһЩǹȫԮɻǷӦ˵㣬ٶҲԶԶȲǺñС
ճɨ˹ȥ͸Ӧ˺ϵתӦҲһַ
ճȥٶȣͨǹ׼˵סˡ
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һӹһͻܼճͺˣͻᷢ˾Ȼ˸ͷ˭Ҳ˭
ճ̾˵ķֶڶ࣬ȴ𾪲ѡ
ԭΪǸϵʿ׼һЩסȴû뵽ġȫʡȻҲǿزٶȣ취˦ѣܾͻ޹
ǰκͣ٣аɫһӣһɫϢӿٶȿһЩڱ֮΢΢Ϣǳˡ
ճһ䣬ƺһ²һ䣬ڱ֮䷽λͻ䣬𣬲λ̤λλλתţһصƾһź˹ȥٶȾȻҲࡣ
İԲȻǼ򵥵߶λϮҲűѪӿٶȵķճõľǺһ֣Ϊ˲ϲǰԲĲ֮
طļ󣬰˲֮ľ޴ٲֻܵȵϢ㹻ٴó
ȻʹãʱֻһΣճʾҲѾ㹻ˡ
ζȻӿ죬ڿűŴ׷˺ˡ
ŻһƬſڻˣӦŵĻ˽ʱ򵹡
˸ոտŶͱճ׷
˵ٶȣҲ˲ټӣа׹Ƕһӣһӿֱٻ˳ȫ赶á
ճһϵʿᱻòסֻΪȲսֲôḻûŪֹͷӵڣԲŻᴦֿ⡣
ճȴȫͬͿõŵȱ㣬󹥻ǿжƫͲԡ
һתƹֻõĹһȭš¡¡ȭͷ׹ƣźͻȥ
û뵽ճĲװٻûסԷһ
һߣȴһճȭͷѾϣһ͸ͻȻ֣õסŵ׹ȭͷһСᣬźϷǹҲӦơ
һβн֮ģ񾪻ţЮŵŮһӣһ㳯ǰȥҪӳȥ


325 ݵУϣ
ճüͷһ壬ʱѡ
һѡǼ׷˷ʦȻӲܿʱ䷽λֻ赶ǰ»ᱻҵʬĻ͸ԼĳԲ
˵׵飬ûнףҲĿŮȥ
һѡǾܿ㿪ãȥ׷ˣӦɰץס
ΪʲôģΪճоƬɨ֮ͿǺ˶ͷ϶ĺΣ޹⣬ȻǾĹ࣬ЩŲסˡ
ֻҪ̫Զ׺ں棬ճƣǺ˿ܻԼԼ
ûʲôÿǵģҪ
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һȣҡȻһɨֻá
ǰͻιӰɨűţľſһĺۼ
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ˣճܿվȣƺĴ󺺣ȴðɣ֪ʱѾԶˣȥ׷Ȼ
ǰ˵Ӱſٻּôˣճŭ֮࣬ҲԴĺЩ档
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粻պճҪ׷ȥʱͻȻ֣õͬʱһɨȴǰճҲ
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ܵᾫдĵ⣬ճ֪ղԼֻҪ׷⣬һͻ׼ȷԼϡ
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326 ݵУ£
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ܿΣŵԾԼɷ򣬸ʵԱԼģֲܷӳԼӦеı£ʧȥŮ˵Σﻹķ
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ճдΨȴҲԸ̫ûߣõķȡԼҪĶȻá

ڶ죬ճ𴲳Թͣ׼һ¹űܵķ羰ӥû͹⣬ҲЩ棬;ȥߡ
ȻȥˣڹⶼЩʲôԼܲ˵һֱڷɣǻñЦ
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ճһᾰɫ˼ź·ʦ飬ϢжϺñʦӦɡ
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ţ֮ڲ𸴣ʬǰǵʱ̫ˡ
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ôֱӣʱʱ̿ñ⡣ϴΰ޸һ£ˣҲͷֶΣ֪Σ
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327 ֣ϣ
䣬Ǹճģôǲأ֣ͻᱻ°ˡһǡ
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ΪŮ˲ûпĿ⿴һԵĵʿʵŵ㿴ôһ£ʩȣ
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ȴǵ˵ͷĸףһ޸Ҳ˺ˣõˡε֮ġõĽҲǾʹ뿪ĵشôߣֶԸǣԳ󻼡
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ܿʧ̾˿ӾԽͳ
ѹתͷȴճվһɫƽһԲûʲôжȻϣСʵճҽܺãǲʲô취ҽҸף


328 ֣£
ʻܿŵȫ˹ǰĿңȴûбϣȴۺм֮ʮԡ
ȫճʲô취
ҽֶŵ浱ȻҲ֪νҩҽϵĸͲʲôСҽȫʵäˡ
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ôҲǰܶԸ䡣
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ճɨһʿҲʲôⲽȥִӻͳһС
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ϵʿŵ棬ۺؿճĿĲмɢ˼֣һЩ衣
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һԭǻֽţóֵ׼룬Ѫͨڷӡ
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㻹ҽ޸ˣƲڴĹ屦ˣҽѧ˵һ붨
ճߵǰ£ü֮䲻ŭ糤ǹꪣ֮ǿ˲ֱӡ


329 ˼ɣϣ
ܿЩ죬ͣڻûп˵ѡ˹
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ǣԼΪķƣɾ鷳ˣ֤˽ֶΣ˴εжҲûаְա
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ţԺȴ޶˶˵һ˫۾͸ĺ͸ƺһжһ㡣
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˭ָǸ׷𣿾Ǹճ˵ֻһôܻʵУˣ׼ͻϮΧԱһ֣ǿлɱһ򲢲£µŸֹŹֶΣǺųعŹǲܴ⣬ΪǿɣȻǼܴ˽ġɸ޹ˡ
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ͷЦӦˣͬҵˣһʼǿץסȣʱѾˣֶΣɱʲôѹűѪϴˣҲƽһĽɫҲҹ˼ɡ


330 ˼ɣ£
ᣬҪҰһˣвͨġ㲻ģĵ˾ʱû˻ɵӣɱ˿ԣȴ϶òıĵ׳һ˹ѡǺܾ⡣˵Խ˵Խ֪ͣƻë
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Ǿ㣬ҿĹؼڽճϣǿɱɣͺܿұ˾죬ȲҪ֣ϣûô졣ִŰı㣬ı⡣
УҵֻػӶҲûʱ䣬߾ϣԽ¿ɲ򵥡
ͣ͹ҵ绰

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ϵħŶ֮ɵ˺ǲģճܰƵ˹ǰʱܵϮȴܷɿת
仰˵Ȼǽ˫ۣԲѣճϵĺڰȫӡ
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ܹŵþճҽΣѼҴҲóΪ꣬Ƶʮ㣬ҲԳΪעһֲһеоճҲҪһãȴû֪ļı֡
ʵЩŲסˣױ㣬ĸϴ棬ʲﻹŻ¶֡
ԶʮͷŮ˵ʵǲɳ֮ء
ҺճǽҰûʵ£ûҲ£µûûҶ֪ǺˡĿճĹâʮָӣȴϢĶһ˿ݺ
ôҸΪĿңҾͻ˼ƣӦõı껹Ҫģɲˡ
ճٵ˵
ܿ˲֪ô£ûôϵһ仰Ҳᱨ飬ѵɽʿĹͣŵҷκɷ򣿻˵ֻ΢ǮͰԼˣ
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ճǰСŮ̬ЩŮȫһƵģǵõһμʱ飬ʱǺεȵİ䣿
ﲻĶʲôͼɣɲã⣬̫ණɲð졣
עһӵļһڨڨЦ˼ͽ̫ҪطϢˣʵܲҪ˵Ŀ⡣


331 ޳֣ϣ
ճ뿪һԭǣܿĸŮ˺úŰѱȷˣϵ̫òǰ취
Լ˿ɲΪ幤Ա߻ʿڻڶʳ˵Լκ˹ӦԼãȴô򵥣ʿȻûʲôõóֵĳɼȴһֱæûйҲп͡
˵ԼǰڵãأճͷľǸˡ
ԣЩʱ򲢲ǹԽԽŵġ
Ҫǣܿ˸ŵʿֶζһ㣬Ҳڰѡ֡ǣϵʿûʲôãճɡһأȻ롣
äŵǲܹġ
˶֪ŵʵûʲô취ԸУҲҲ÷ҽβˣ֪ĿҲҪõԼұ
ܿȴһҶĿôҲŵˣ˵û顣
ֻŵ滹׼վǵѧҽʲôֻǳһʱ֮ǲɵġ
ڹ̫ã˸ܿȴûŮǷ棬ٹ̵˼룬β
ճľεǿֻӼ˵̬ĲϾܷܿʲôԹϳˣһʱ䡣
˵ƺһ̧־κһһȻԲѣȫûʲô仯ճƷ뿪һ˵⡣
񳽣ݵú˵ճҽҲһǴܹһ²飬ֻα겻αҲܹ˼ͰҽѧôãͲܶѧһѧǱ㻹С
ŵĻ⣺ճβãҲ˵ı²Уҽľڣǻ٢ȵҲ˵κ˹Ĳڰֲ弲רҵͬԭ
ŵĻܿɫ˼䣬ȻȻתͷ˵ŵҽɷ³֮л
ŵ渧ЦǵȻŵħСܱģϵֻΪҴҸˮúõһж֣ܿͿ˹תȫصǡ
˵֮ʱϴЦ棬һɸ˷緶ɽˮٲȻ
ܿüЦ˰˷֡
ԹۣԼĸ֣Ҳ˵ʲôŵʿ棬ҲͬܿʲôִȻû˵ʱٺúøĸ˵˵
ʿȫϵĻʵʱ첻κø׿»ǵÿճܸо˭˵ٻ˭г񣿡ﰵ˼š
Ʒǲ˵ܺõִճŵ
˵Ҫͺúõһڣ졣
£սʿƷϰߣǰܶʱˣֻǷʲô˵ٶ࣬ñݡ
Ϊ󷽣ıȻûиճô࣬ҲӢ
ֻҪǮ֣ƷһӲɻҲ㹻ԼҺսѵļͥˡ
ǧĻҾгϢһҲøʮ򣬼λսѶͥƽʮֽڼһ⣬ܺǣôܲĽ
֮Ʒ˼ת䣬Ĳǰʲôں֪ôġ
ճչ¶˼Ĺڻˣ뵽ͷϣһƤ˵ˣŻǲš
ճľǰƷȻҲ߿֡
ǰһıҲǿȦɵ㣬𹥵ãǰ֡Ѫһǹ̳öûһͱĹͷӣֺİ
ճƣ۾ͻȥסΪ˰֮Ѿһֱ굽ʻ֮УΨؼġε֮ġûóȻǸĸ׻ûá
ʱճżˣ֮ңʧ֮ܵ˵ֻҪԼ·񣬵ʵڲܳ£Ҳûʲô󰭡
ǰûеõͼû֪֡ϢԼǹúܺá
Щ죬ΪǣšͼĽš֡ãһֱʧȥһľյľԼͣ
ʵǵòʧʱģһһɳñԻۣԼлҪģ᱾ĩ
뵽;ͷһͷķһɨգҲ΢΢оʻһ֡
ȫѪӿʱʱһְĳ·ʱضܳư۷ĹؿڣӶﵽ
ֻǲһܸһ
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2.5ʣ2.0ݣ2.32.4
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ճҲЩ⣬ʲôģΨʵʵģʱٶȸԪԣаʮ֮ھͰѶԷ򵹡


332 ޳֣£
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ճ·;УΪоƬΪѧöѧӣ˼ȻҲˣҪʱʱ˼ÿվӺܺõΪṩԮ
ֻʱʱڼӷãܱĽྻ޳ֲһֱڿ쳵ϡ
ڻܴʦġе̨̱һδǳ̸ԣǷԣװ̫ߣճȴʾⲻܡ
ճһˣԼ׷ź쳾ҰֿնԿյĸߴ˼룬ȴҲ롣
Ǿ粻ɡ
һ죬ճֻǳȥ羰һΧһ¹ű֮еϢʱ䣬ǴԼסڤ뾲˼ȭš
ճءġƣ˹ĲҲȶܿƺѾ߻ڵɽϵʿŵʹԼɷȫκáȴûǰߴճ֣Ҳ˵ε֮ġ顣
ܻĿճӦճ㶯֣Ѹ׵Ĳκá
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ճʱҲʮ־̾ӦָӦ˵ս߶٣ǻûжôƽ˴򽻵ҵ棬ȴ޷󼰵ơ
ԷǺ⻹ǻģԼҵͼͥûаԼԼи𰸡ĸӦ˻£
ճֻǾ̾ҲʣΪǿܹøһЩøһЩ
˵ֻģӦͿ׵֪ˡ
һ죬ͷɽʿʮֲƺһֶԼõڷ
ӦǵжʱˣҾ˵Ǹ֡ŵҲҪܷ쿴ҵӦΣУٲ֣֡;ûķݣô̵ܻס
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뵽ճʧЦ۶Էô룬ȻԼĵߡ
˲ңҲˡ
ϵʿû֮ǰճʲôҹƽ˭´˭ı꣬Ӧ飬˭Ҳ˵֡
ϵʿʲôУǾͲ˼ˣ죬Ϳ˭Ӳ
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һĴ֣жԵ˼ֱΣϵĶǿôһסڹűճôܻ
ϧǣסճԶһЩϵʿճסڹű棬סڹű档
űռؼ㣬İٶףճоƬɨ軹ǾܿôԶľ룬һЩ˼
Ҫ֪׼ʲôƱҪߵס㸽ȥҲ̫ˣճʾֵá
ԷӦҲף޷Ǿ취һ͵Ϯһǿ
һ֣ճҵġ
ڰ˹ҳǱУԼֻһˣΨһľǾܱס˳㿴һܿ湻š

ϵʿɫƤë̺ʱЩңϵһЩ鼮ڵϣӦǷƢ
񳽴ҴĿԼʦҲơ
СӾôŪģҽôֶǿˣѨλ°ͼ۲ʲôͼҲסɢⲻŵ
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˵֮֡ܳʦѡĶĵزˣʱɽϵλܸһƿִá
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԰ôû뵽ӻ񳽣㵹Ǹҳ˸Ⱑ˼ԼԺãȥɣҵ׼ߣճôҲƲͬɣżҵġܡħҪǿ̫࣬ûֵܵˡ
ϵʿŵϵķһɨգ񳽵һ仰׵
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333 Ʒϣ
ϵʿҲżˣܿȵҵȵȣȵʩչصĵŷȻԼɷȴôҲȲ
ܿҲĿҪľˣϵʿҲһЩɣճµһŻɵչ黹õġ
⣬ճĲҲǲΨĪ֮Լ˼֮󣬾ͲôУֻһԵš
ҪθףŪ棬ˣճ˹βñꡣ
׻˵ϸŲԽǿĳԽǵò֣˿ᣬԣճҲżˣôÿ쿴һ˹Ҳ˵ôҽΡ
Ӧıûг䶨֮ǰҲæŶ֣ĲѾȶʱԣҲ鲻˶ʱ䡣
ճ̬һܿҲסˣճع뷨֮ܿˣȰ˵ճȻи˽ᡣ
׸˭˭β˭õıܵи˵ˡ
ܵĲĸŮϵʿŵ棬о֡ǳ˳һ㣬ԽԽԶԽԽţｹ֮£ɱ˵Ķˡ
ŭͷ𣬶򵨱
ϵʿԼֶѣھóֶΡ
ܵñҰ޸죬ֻҪܵñͬҪ죡⻰пȴʮеϵʿš
ҲرճβֻҪܰճȻٶ໨ʱ䣬˹Ĳ綼ת
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ڰɾմȾ֮ȴôҲָܻġϵʿں𣿵Ȼᣬ˹ֻŪôܲʵûаëǮϵ
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˵󻹲ϡ棬ѵõľͷСķģϷǡ
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ѪҺŪ֣ͷûġ
ǳʱͷ³´лǿ٣ģճûʲôŪϢҲ⡣
ҪճûнӴ˼ܣҲ뵽˻ֶκ
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ŵͳһɫֽʹ֮ɫŷҲʲôѰɫɽĸߵȷֽ
˵ַֽһﲻɽУȴѾѵõĺöˡ
򲻹׻ֱϢӲ˵ʱ򣬾ַֽ֮ˡ
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ȻֻһֽϵУɾһؼʱϴó
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ŵ겻ѣΪ˵õ֡ΪԺĹǰҲƴˡ
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ճÿĹΣڤ뱤ÿ峿ܻ߳űСֿյԣȭϰصɣϰ
ǶǯǰԲȭ·ճͲˡ
ֻڽŲȰԵʱַѧʽʡķʽһȭȫ𵴣죬ѪСˮ΢ƺڶߣƺԶǧ
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Ҳʶճʲôˣֻ֪ǡС㡱ġȫʡרҵʿȻ֪ȫˮƽΣȴ̫ˡȭģ𲻵ãһСʱϰ֣ʵ˷


334 Ʒ£
Ȥȴ˾úȤ˹ۼճɱķ龰ģÿλǾȫƤֱľ
ԶԶĿţճĳĸйˣȻҲһЩļɻ䣬֪ϰָ似Ҫȫһ⣬ɷĽ̸
ûճ̣ճȴؾˣ˵̫󣬸ûãҲɼ
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ճ˵۹⣬Щ˶Թһϲְͨȥ̣ѧᣬ˿ʵ޹ؽҪ
ⲻͬڹڣָ֮оͻм֣ܿճ֮Ѫеľ
ڹ⣬Ļ˼άȫһճʹ˵ԼĸҲû˿š
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ȭ˳뻯֮󣬾ͻһǿȻ
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Ʒϼ£ҵʵ࣬Ӧƽɫľ棬ѾºԶ֪ôġ
ЩԺͽ͵ô˵ɣǰҸñʨӺϻ˭ӮҪºĽ죬ȻʨӣȴѾϻˡ
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ڿ˲ͬѰĵط
оƬɨ֮治֪ʲôʱһ׶һɺС
ող˱˵ħ䣬ȴҲˣǸЦճͷϴ죬ͻȻ˺ǰ½󣬵ͷ˿һ
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335 ֣ϣ
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΢΢һ࣬һ޹ǣ鶯߰ŵľУƽӽ
ôĵӣҿУŵɫһϲ
ʮ꣬˽ľ黹йģҲ֪бޱĲ࣬ճӦıܲˣ
ֻõǰľȴ֪ѽǧľƣֶο֮ıҲ˶١
ֻҪĴ⣬ӲӲӣˣһ롣
οճ޴
ŵƺѾԿճһصҵĳˣ۽Ǵһ˿пᣬټ淢Хڵʵ¶š
Сģ
洫ƷĴѣսɱʮ꣬һЩϡŹֵıҲ˽⣬ӷоܸоľͬСɣ̫ͷ


336 ֣£
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ƷĽոճڣˡһ죬һƣȴ鲢ûгĵչ
ճһ΢ǣ¹ڽ֮ϣƷХеһնճ֮ϣͬնŢ֮УҲн벽Ӳͣ
֮ĵ⣬ճ·飬¶ŵֱۣȴûŰ㡣
ƣţһʽŵ󾪡
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ճƣãѧԲͰֱ֮ıȻǴ
֪ܶԲѾ˳뻯ĵزû֪İøãΪϹȻø졣
һƳ֣Ϣţͷһé֮ϣͬĸһ˿̻ʹ˷ĽУȻһһɸ
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һɾƽ֮ķëƤ̺类紵Ϯ΢΢˲ˣֽűһɢ
зذףҪǰȥŵһ֮һ𣬲ľͺȻһʱȥ
ǧٽճ֮䷢ӽȭӲ֮£ֹڶǧٽ
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һǰȭʱޱ߸ǲͬںľӳһ컡ߣƷ
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ȵ˳ȥҴʦֳѡ֡ҲɽУһγԶʳûԵֻóȥˣڴʦֵõôҲҵһݡֻҪܹСӸɵɽҲһ¡
ûж֣ӦòΣգ౻һ٣Ҳ¡ճţʱܵġ
ŵڰգﻹתźͷȴоǰһӰȻһʹʲôҲ֪ˡ
񳽱ˣٶǰлճȴԷƺ˵Ӱ죬һȥ²ʮ֣ƵƫƫȽޱȣľббȻ󣬾һŶͷ­գһѪȪֱࡣ
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ߣɽôӣ˼ɱ˺ɱ֮Ȼ䰵ң͵ľ򡣡ճ䣬תͷ񳽣ɱӿȡ
ҶʦԲҴʦ֣ˣճ֮صġ
񳽼ʹ
һ߽ţһ߾ſȥճԶȻתȥ
ȥôһûôɵճǺЦнءһ˳ȥ
ʮʽŮ󡱡
񳽸ոտżͱľХĶԲ˫ĿͷԼؿڵѪﹾţˣš
ճ˹ȥǧľУľȻںڷľϸ⻬ɱˣȴûȾϰѪǹ⻪ɢ㡣
ýɱ˲ѪâأҲǸ˱ΪʲôҪŪֶأ
ճϸϸľһŵĹɫһʣЩ֡
ΪЩɵ˶ԵˣΪеıﶼǵģҪȾָǸƷһЦ˵
ʿɫûа仯ΪѪսʿǿѪ
ûô񾭴ˣʿһ˱ͷһ˱ģȫžɫޱѪȣֻо﷭໡һ
ôɱ䣬Ͳɽĵʿ鷳Ҹ˵ʦǺĸֽ֡סƷɲɽ˭ɱǵҲ鲻
˵ѧ֮˶һЩֶΣָʲôֱ֡
Ҳ£Ҳ£Ҳδ̫Ȥ˰ɣȻѾǵˣͲĵҲɱǣǻĹ𣿡ճʵ
ᡣ
ƷͷŲŹǣֻҪҪıôҲá


337 ƣϣ
ͶˣȻɱɱһ翳ˬ죬Ե·־磬ҿԶҲѧˡ
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㻹Žףɱɽʿǰˡܿѹͷľ壬ʮֲϲŭճɱŵûĵôκĲ뺦ǰ
ճԶԣĿܿһۣͲٿֻ˹
С㣬Ǹ̸ģǲǻ˵仰ҪڣҲǿֱӾʹ֣ûͺãȻʿǰ
ճɲκҸףȰǮȫ㣬ε֮ġҪȸײ֮ٸ̸ô£ǻӦءøɾŻЩȻ˵
ճֱֱ˹ֱͷͻȻЦǼҵε֮ĵȷǺöܶ˵ţ᲻ҲȻ㲻ϣǵĽ׾ϰ벿ֺˣκ㸸׵Ĳ㸶ǮֻϣǱڡ
ճͻȻˣԼϵʿ˶һΪ˹ҵѾͶ·òѼҴóꡣȴǺˣ˹廹ܿ·
ܿܣ˻ʵʧûУ˹ҲֻǻԶѣǱɡ
Ҳѹ룬ΪһжôأֻΣգʮΣա
徻Ϊ˲ԭǰǲпףЩ鲢һľܵõõĽһһɵ飬ܵõõĽ
ճӻ֣Լȥɱϵʿǧľܡ
ھӦŵĪϢƣǼʲճˡ
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ʰõһЩճҲ˹ҵһЩӶ˻ʰ䣬ܿ˵ڶ˹Ĳǰ
ճǵıѾǵʻˣĶǧƷ򡣡
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ѵ˰βֶѧȥ
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һţ˺ܶಽǷˡ
ճϲ˽ҽȴϲ˰
ǰ߿ԹβˣȴǹٸĶ
ٸƥĳЩ֪Ҳʱ̵ǡ˵ճ֣ںΣգٵ鷳ҪһЩ
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338 ƣ£
һᣬһ˿ۣܳϿҵ˵ǧӦõģֻǡε֮ġʲôȴδ˵ܰǶԸˣҿٸһǮ㡣
ճ˵˵ûʲô˰ɣºܽԭ򣬴Ӧͻ쵽ȴС˽ԻŵĽȻգڵǼûСε֮ġ͸Щ˵ɣҾͲˡ
ûֶôͲأҿԸıֻ꣬Ҫǰҵĵ˾ɱЦ
˰ɣŲ㡣ճתͷȥƷЦЦҲųš
ʰװ뿪űƷʵҪ뿪𣿡
Ȼ˹ңòᱻӡһΪĻǶûϵһ˶ƵԸ˼ʵ޻˵
ճ̾Ϣ
ƷЩ֣ȻرҪǸε֮ġΪʲôҪķκĲأһЩֶΣһǣ˵õ֡
Ҳɣҵĵ·ɽŵ治һܵġԸóһ£ñõİͣȥơı˼ҵıȴҲޱҪο
ճصЦЦⱦﻹûɥʧϣ˵ʧá
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ճǺЦˣҴûõ̸νף̸Ҳᵣı˷ڡˣ׼ȨٿԼ

Ʒһᣬճ⻰ʲô˼
Ӿ⣬ֻҪһۣ˫ƴһνı֣ʱ١áɡ
ƺ˹ѹһأȻôѱȡ
һ£ɻʵճǸһģͬ˫ʵΣôͻ϶һӻʧܣҿˣǼҹűйǳǹھʮˣרҵʿĲС
ⲻŵΪǿ˹ҲỨôǮʮڻһʼûôġ
ճԼļ⣺֣ҲǺ·ʦǵʵΣ
ϷźĶǿӲƴҿµסƷɫص˵Ǹ·ʦֶθǹأٻܣнϴķųֶΡ
治ţͺ·ʦԼĸ޸ǰȫͨˡʱ䣬ܰԼǿ󣬲֪ʲôƷ۵˵
ǰҲò˼飬ǽؾӦúܲ򵥣ͨ˸ĻʵȻҲпǶšճ˵ҲܣżһŻ˵ͨнȥʵΪѾˡ
ֻ˵ŷ½½ؾżĻ̥ǡ
ϧˣǹҵؾûһֱֳƵȫûˡƷЩꡣ
ھж꣬ڼ⵶ֲӣȻΪԭûнؾһЩҲǲ˽⡣
Ʒ˵žͲ˵ȥˣƺ֮
ճû˵ĻĹ鲻һ漰кô飬ͻűֽЭЩҴԾ˵лؾġ
߲ͨ˵õϢ
ѡģʽһȻҲŽƳӢ壬ֻҪΪɫ˲ţҲȥؾ
ô֯޼ɵ˲ţѧɹҲǿ
һԭǣЩӵʵţûһҪȥؾƴǰֻ̣ĬĬϰҴգһЩôϵŻᡣһ˱ͲˣһЩԴҲͷؾ֮Ľ֪ˡƷȻˣϢճҪͨһЩ֪˭ġ
ȴһЩܶһ㣬һνͲ˵Ȧˣȫѡӽ룬Լû̫ҪҲɽѧ԰
˼˵ؾҪʲôʵճʵ
ϼ˵һνؾʱǻȥһЩʦֺһЩȭʦһǣȥؾȫͨˣȫǴͷʵǿѧûЩʵ΢Ŀ죬Ҳ˼άѾ̶ͷˡ
ճ⻰Ҳˣһµ磬ԵȫµļܣµϵһͨˣȻһŰֽյʲôѧϰ
һгɵĸֽ룬ͻԸֵӦһжԼԭеľϰ
ΪϰһҸɶԼɫʦȭʱ򣬵ͽܵһһʽҪʮֱ׼Լ뷨˾һӡ
ѧɹġ˲šҲͿ֪ˣǴԻ壬Ѿӡ˱ȭ̺ۼȥı䣬Ҳȥı䡣


339 ɽۻϣ
ͷ˴Ĺˣô֮ѧһϵ似أҲܡ
̵ǣҪȡóɾͣг֮Ҫڶ̶ʱ֮úǿȴҲܡ
˼ѧ֪ʶ½ԭĹˡ
£ȫûҲԤ֮е顣
ͬǽؾȴõͬĳɹѾǰ棬߲ӦҲܵΣ˰ɡճţ뵽ȴȻһЦ
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ҲԶ룬һ̵ҰӪƷ׼㹻ʳ˹ҲԶһɽ
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һСɽ¶񣬾סĵȺ򣬰ɽķλã߶ҲУֻҪԶͿɰѹű۵ס
ճ׼ٲ˹֮£׼á

ճƷߺһԼŮһѡε֮ġҲеõһЩôôҲ͸˵ġ
ֱܲЩ˲⣬Щ˲ǡ
ƷֻһѪǿϢȻˣҲǲܶԸճȴһ
ֻҪճԶЩжԵ˼ͻоһǿѹͷ
Էɽ룬ȻַδҲȥ
˵ҪԼı͸ˣȴҲܡ
Ϊһһ㼫ΪҪĶǾճûж˹廳ж⣬ԼܾˣҲǲɲΣ
ԸĪҪСˡ
ӿ֮Է
νľӣһ˶Ϊǽԭ򡢽ĺˣɣճУĺˡ
Ҳԥװɵԭڡ
ϣճ֪˵ǼٻﻹбҲ̫ǿ󣬸ıᡣ
֣뿪ˣǼû𣿡ʵ֪ΪʲôԴճ뿪֮һЩ
ЩδйľȻͷ
ŮõģǱʮȫװսʿɲʲô򣬵ֻҪֲܱ˺ôһֻΪû˿ű˶ֽţһΣлɳˡᣬɫᶨ˵
ˣĵϸǲŪĹ
Ӧÿοʱһֺܵĸо˾ǲġüͷ
ӣֺ֮󣬻ҴҡڵĴڱڲߣ̫Ŀˡ֪ͨҼʱҪݾߣֻ춯ȫ涯֣ȡѵһ򾡡
ϸֳŵЦݣҴε֮ġ⣬Ϳûã
ѹ֮󣬼оĹǣܿҲЦݡ
ʮλڻǼģȲԸᣬҲֻŰѵһ򾡣󻼡
ڼ䷢һЩ֮ＫΪŭзʦҹϮ°ˣǺ޼
޲õ㹥Ȼȫڴ
ҲѹǿţΪһˣôҲʮӢԸ˰пӵ˵ģЩȽǹеѪֵܹ֮ٸҲûá
һȣ͵죬ճƷСɽ϶Щͷʱ˹ҵĹű˶
˵ҰӪɽϣ㲻˷֣Ҳž档ֵǣճ˲ûš
ʼʱճЩƣ׼һӦ˵ʣһˣ涼ܹڳ޽ݣôװػԼĲƲôоأ
ֻҪ˹ҲǴ죬ƶйٷԱ
ڻǲģǲһ
ǮܻȨҲر˽Ȩϲ˳춢Լĵ̡
Ҳճ
ɽϳһֻ沢ûܵһ˿š
ԴһûȥűԱͶǵ˹Ҿһ⣬ûг֮ǰһ鶼ȥᡣ
˵ǵı£ȷҲҪ˼б˲֣һЩ˵ҰɢӣҲֻͲš
ճƷһһֻԶɽͷֻӹűֱӳɱȥҲ
ҪҪھȥȳ㿴˹ıڶѾסˣ˲١Ʒʵ
һʱ꣬ٵȵȣԱߵЩȸںİϷҲҪ¡
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ʮȫװıڿɲǳصģԴɱҪҲûһʱ䡣
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ԺıڻǣȴûеôãȻûһҲǽڽڰˡ


340 ɽۻ£
ʵûĻϲ⣬ͼıѾãܵҲǺܶࡣ
ֻֻܹʮˣֳԹűеļʮڲûкܴвƼϵεԭ򣬷طҪռϺܴơ
ǣȴһ㡭
һֱԲѣûʶЩʵǿ󣬸Ͳͨʿֵܵġ
ȵսֵʱ򣬽Ѿע
ܿҲǱǰʱ˵ΪԻˣΪԷǿнǹ˼ɾǹ˼űĻ
һΣǿɲ´ˡ
Ӷűʱ򣬹űû֯ķͱɱڡ
ӳһʮǿɾʹ˷ߣӶסȥ
һߵҲˣִϣټһЩķ˹Ļͬһ㣬ͱͻȥ
ճţûżʮ˵߰ɣʱȥոպãӦҲõϢܿͻٳһЩֻ᲻ðˡ
ɽ¹űǹ¡¡˹˲ҲᾪһЩˣٷõϢǳ顣
Ȼ֪ǹսٷҲһֻҪ治ɵģͻ뵽ԮȻΪʱЩ
ճȻ֣Ͳٵ飬μɽƷһԲں棬˷ٳű
֣һβڣԴɱˣĹƶһò顣
ǵȻô˵ҲСı꣬ȻûнУǶɱˣҲǰǱˡ
Ʒƽ˵ǱȻҲ̫һҵĽ֡
ճͬɱˣСӽͻĿʮһֱ飬ǵӦ֡
˴ӹűŽ룬Ҳܱ˵ߣűʱʱҽкͿ޺ûǽŲֱͣĿĵȥ
ʱʱĴܵӶǣ˽Ҳҿ
ճµΪʲôô˻ţҲͬ˼Ϊץʱ䣬ֻץס˹ˣȡñ޹Աᡣ
˿˼סʱƷıٶȸ˼֡
һѰ̣Ҳ˵һͶӵšˡ죬û˶
ճȥһȴԭƷڶ̶ʱ֮˵ǹĵԣ̴˶Է
ǹã֪ǹ棬ԸӶࡣƷһǹ˹Լһͻǹ
Ǵҡڵľͳźլȥ
磬ճҲûѹоƬɨ򿪣ֻҪ˾ǹԼ׼пǹɱ
оƬӵ켣ǹ񣬾ǶεĵˣҲӲ۾һǹꡣ
ƷսɱоˣΣոоҲŷԱܵĸӦֻҪ׼ܻǰܿ
ճ˵ľӦʵ̫ǿԴͻ2.0֮󣬻Ϻܰ
ԺЦһֻѴСɫӣ˵һ̫ˣʲô㣬ҪЮֱɱǺܺҾͲ̫˻᲻
˵ֵʱʮᣬд󽣶Ѫ飬һ̱ڵص˹
ȴûиոձճʱгѾϣѪֹʹˣȴûʱѹԼ˫ȣֻĶǰ治ԶԼҷܿʩӶ
ܿɫЩͣľȻɱ˶ֽģӦҲǱˡ
ֻʱûᣬӦҪȡε֮ġԵʡ
ϵãףȻ˴һƣʱѾҪˣԸĸǰ᲻ǿšε֮ġǿճƷߣʱЦ
Ļӿͷճ뿪ģٿǰ龰Ѿˡ
ῴҲѾǣľżԹԵóӣʱĵԱ
ˣѾ֣ȫɵ㳷Ӧÿ쵽ˡɫûʲô仯õȻ
ֽӹӣһתҲ¶Цݡ
ֻһӴľ;˼֣Ҫǳʽʦ׾١
ϰħʿͷʹĲǾҩڤͿ԰쵽
ѰķǾĴȣͽڤ뷨ľ֮ŸʣҪͻʽʦûʮҲ룬õĸҪһӵʱ䡣
ʱܿıǸҲ̲סϲ⡣
ıٸһʽҲӵǿĶҲкܴʱ֮ͻƻƶ¡
ҲԺܿͻʽʦɣʱֵɾͳ˴ǾҲû취ҪʲôܵõʲôзŹ⡣
ҪǣһŶ˭ҲǸϳôλһϯ֮ء
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˶һۣȫЦ


341 ͥŲϣ
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ſһӰɽһԣͷһ޴ѪͷǹǶƷɰߡ
һŷսĵˣȴԭǸԼĹӶǽʱЩġ
˭
ָ΢һ䣬һӹ˾ʹܵһǡ
Ծһ
ոԭ֮أһӵ汻һſӶ
ħʦûмʱִǲһԣŻ֡
ս֮ʱǰţںʩչԷӳһһڶЧ
ͷ亹æĸԼ˸ܣһ㵭Ⲩ֣а׹ǷһӣҪ
ŭȣᷴӦһ㣬ڵӰԷ֣硱ǹ졭
ֻü΢ƫƫͷ͸оһʹһȻ˰ߡ
ͷŭһɺٵĶڶ֮ļӵڶϣֻƿƤͲô
ܵסſܿϵӶȴǿԶûһͱӵԴ
Ǹöǵ˼⻹ͼĺ춷ѾԵסӵˣѹָ޼ɵɱ˷ŻǱõ֪ж˻
ճǹһӣʩʩȻ˽
Ʒ磬зѪ̣Ŷ㵽ݽǵͻǹ׼ȴǰһͱԷ˿ȥ
Էǲ㵭Ⲩǹ֧ûô
ǷԶķ𣬲ԣ޿ֵģӦǽҲܵǲ֪жǿ
ԶխСķڣǿͶֱвһЩȻճֶΰٱĸӦԡ
ǸķʦƷǹսʿӦҲסһᣬսʤԷֻҪ÷ʦųǿͺá
ǾȻûߣҲǳİɣ˾뻢ڶʳֱѰ·
ᱩһ·죬һ粽д󽣴һ⣬ճͷ
ճЦһϴһûˣû
һ͹صĴܵŵǧľԾУһڹббӹ塣
ҽһǻӽֱͻȻͷ˳ȥȴǱľһն
ճĴɱ⣬˼似䵱̫һŽĽԲֶ˼鶯ݡ
ӲӲ͵Ĺѡ֣ԼĶʮţΪҲЩô⻪ϳȭĵ
Ҳڰܵ죬ֻΪϴμճĶӲӣܶĴӡ
ȷʮǿճܽҲˣһӳԶԶİǽڶһѺ۾ͿԿ̽ҪǱУճġ˼ǿҲǵסġ
ԭͲһһӲƴҪˣǻҪϰʲôɴֱӱƴá
ЩճȻ͡
һҲûãֻ˵ĶûңٽһӽٶȾͻ쵽˶㶼㲻ˣֻܸӲƴ
춷Ȼﲻճ㲻ȥĵز
ƷճһܵУҲûԼоֱָǰ壬ݡһХʹ˹ȥ
Ĭ͸оһѪɱ֪ΪһңͰĴʸˡ
󺧣æһ㿪һӣֻõǰ
ԳһﾹȻǰǾ˵ĺӴϣ̫˽ܣԱ߱һϱ۵ᣬ״⡣
ҲճƷõӦ
ǸսʿսճƷ磬ʵǲµġ
ȴͬǸʦ֪᲻ʲôŹֵóһοɲһҹϮʱαԱҪᱦ˵Ļε֮ġ׷ˡ
ԣճ˸ӣ֪ʦʱ䣬ƷǹǹȭһֵֺĶùڹ֮дӰĵһ㶫սʿҲֻ־΢΢ܴ죬ʵҲ𲻵̫á
ħʦǲôħʦǹȭдôˣֻҪʩ͵üоͨһЩǹһĻȥ
ü죬ڼ̵ﻹóģˣʵҲϵһ롣
ȵٻ֮ƷѾЩǣƲסˣŴţͻſյóķ
ճҲû̫á
ճһұۣûͣ潣ߣһʽֱƷХУľϺڽԼԼŵ׹⣬ʹβȵʱ򣬴͸һ㵭⣬ĶϾࡣ
һɫͬھ֮Уһˣճ˹ϵĺɫͻȻٶӼ֡
Ĳ


342 ͥŲ£
ճЦһһɿͬ˻ȥһ̶飬Ҳҵ顣
ΪħʦѧͽóԼĵһƷһŰɵĹɳסСӣת֮ͱðƷڡ

ճһ͵ǰֻܿõһȭ׹
òóۼþסˣ󶨣óҺǸɶĶֽˣȴǰһһ˫۾
ȭͷƿϮǰԽԽӭĿ·𱻳һ㡣
ֻһȭȻڱƬء
ճȭɱƷ̫ˣ˵ȭ⾳в࣬ΪճľƷǿ
ʲôûóɱУһοȫ˫ؾȭ⣬ǾֲǿѪУֱǴ֣䶼ڿ͵֮УһƬƬ
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ÿһʹ֮ʱŪճƻ·ǲô⣬óܻԼʣ
Ϊ׾ǰȫѪһ˿أǺܴ󣬵ȴǲḶ́һͰһѻ𣬲Ѿȼյϰݡ
ǰЩӣճΪϰ˼ÿΡ򡯡ϵ˺壬ֲϵĽ޸ڿӵеһ˿
ܰѡ֮Լֱ֮ϣȫѾ˲
ͳȻС˺ܶ࣬ճ˵ֿԿƵıõ
ʱڹǵħѧͽΪսپճ˳
ϵİ͸ӦƣһȭʵʵĴظ֮䡣ֻһġ֨ƲһǶǽ֮ϣȫһţ۾ʧȥ˹ʡ
Ʒ翴ֻɢһǣٿԼϵİɫʧ٣ŵúܴ
һȭҲ̫˰ɣһɾǰһͷҲᱻ
ճԼȭͷѪɫָ֮һ
оͷһѣæΣѪת˼תͻָ
ɽկǺܺõģȭճЩ˵
ȫֻǧٽ˾ȭӳ֮󣬸ɣһȭǧ
ôصȭ绮ѾǻڵĹܹסΪһʦѧͽǲֵܵס
ͨǶǧٽȫһܴﵽǧȻųһЩ˸ǿ󱬷ĸ֣ܴصȭ
ճ԰ھ磬Խһ󾳽ӵлڵĹƷôҲԼ۾
Ʒ𾪵ģճֻЦЦҵȭûôǿֻΪһʦ岻ǿԳܲ㿴ύֵʱҾͲܻӲƴǶʵ̫ǿ
Լ̣֮֮ճ㲻ƣҲܵõսƻǿˣǻҲ˺ܴƷĽġ
ճϰԵǫţʵܿģֶʩչʵȷĲһ㡣
һεСţɱҲܹԼʵΡ
ڸƷԱȵ£㡣
ǰƷʵԱֻڲ֮䣬񣬾ƷһϣҲϡ
˽ٶȣճֵԺĶ
룺ֻҪһʱ䣬ҾһǿԼоµĵز
Ʒ˵ͷƺͣճǫҲƣûʲôʼ֮顣
ԽԽǿȻãֵÿĵ顣
ʲôʦһ仰ûš
ħֵǿԹģþȫҲ̵ֻܴ΢΢ݣʱ֮ڸͻƲˣǴݵģ
һʦó˷ͻʮֲֿħͼΪϰ֮һֿˡ
֮棬вģʵĺ춷ϡŹֵķ
ǰź˵һʦѧͽõε֮ġſͻƵʽʦʱܻ࣬ƷֻҪһ룬͸о󱳷
ǺΣգһǮһǿؼҰɡһսƷ羹ȻһЩ⡣
һȴΪ˲ü˵ĻչսѼǴԼֲΪƾһСʱֶС
ֻҪһ룬һճĵˣԼôӦһڼô죿
ճóε֮ġҲϵʿŵ˵ġ֡ϸһ֪ıûŪС
оȸԾüḶ́ƺҪһһڰ̵
ճǿѹסͷ˹ҳǱԼþо֮֡ʱһһЩֵ飬Ͳˡ
Ҫ뿪ҪҪоҲõﰲȫĵطоܲˡ


343 СΪϣ
ճ־Ͱӷŵ˻̧ͷǽǵ˹
ʱŮѾû˳μʱİҲûڹűʱĽκ;ֻãȻճɱЩĴͽҲû̫󲨶
Ǿܵˣ𣿡
ճ̾һ˹ȥ۾˵С㣬ոһجΣˡ
Ͷ紺ٻʢ裬һϣĸоעٱ¾£һ͵ľͬˮ
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ճһ֪ǾȻˣͳ룬ڱ˫ȵϴ˼ͰֹסѪҪվȴо·ס
ճ̧ͷһȴ˹ԳһԼ˻ΪʲôǣΪʲô
ճ֣˵ΪʲôҪȣ͸˵һʽףұһƽ㲻ԸⰡѵܹҡ
ճ΢ƲҺͬҵپһأҰɱ˳ˣҲԵε֮ġıˣ֪գֺαصأ
˵ҲĿʹ֪治Ƿˣҷˡ
ҺܱѣӦܹҵɡܿճ֪ܲҲԼ¡
źܶܶε飬ֲǾʥĸҲֻΪ˱ꡣ
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ճҲڰʡԼһг̣ȻǵõԼҪĶйȴ˺ܲ졣
⻹ֱǿ˹彻أƷ磬˵ǲЩαˣճЩƵʵ
͹˽ͷճĽ֣ȴûжٿ⡣
ƷЦ˵ⲻαǵߣúܺãҲá
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ظճƷԶľԶԶı˿ȥȥؼҡ
ʱ䲻ǺܾãճȴЩСѾͷˣ֪һܲչԼ

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ճĻƤͺͷоУȥ⣬ûʲôȽĵطǸܵһֳͷβȡᡣ
ܵ˵йٺǲá
ڻҪ飬ý߲ŪһЩأȴȫڵǿʳ
Ҳ˵һָá
ճЩ̾ĸطʵһ
Сԭ
֣ǾֱɣѾڼˡճȤ˵
ΪƷȥȴ꣬˵Լֻǰ˲鰸֪Ʒֿʼƴɱ֪뷨
мҵ˾ǲһ
Ʒɫһ뵽ȥúúñһƭ꣬Щͷʹ
Ҳ˲ٸճ˵׼ؼҡ
ƷͣճͻȻһ飬ɽʿɲ̾᱾ɽڹٷҲŲСҪˡ
ףʿĻ٣ճƵ
Ҳٰɣھеʱ˵һЩϢоŸŸɵĸ֣Ҳɽʿ
ʱ̫ǿҪŵ޵ûйٷǲеġˣ뷨ɣѰٷߣȻмΪȨĴߣȴ᲻˾ηĸо˾Ū˸ʼҹͷ˼飬ǲܵģֻӻʼ¡
£ճһ㶣û˵
ӦЩΪʼҹԼ̫Զɣʲôʡ
̷ӦһӦҲ֪ģҲΪԼеˣЩΪûбҪ˵
ôûңɱʿٽɱأճʵ
֪ʹˣ˵µɱ֣˹Ҳµ֣ƷЦʡ


344 СΪ£
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ѲǵǰСٲ½Сġ
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ɼõѧʦеıôɣôǶԵġ
ɼѧǾͲ˼찤ѵɡ
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ĵ֮ҪȴɢϵСèһ㡣
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ճһ׼֡
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鲻֪ΪʲôԼҸ粻óشСèҲû룬ֻǹɵӦһõģȥ˹һûԺãͳҵա
ΪСèĲʮѹ֪Ǻá
ճһͷ·һʯͷЦտ
Сèͷϲתϴȥˣܻ֡
ɵѾͷճЦţȴЩأҵҲ̫ǿ˰ɣϧǣһû취ֻһһ
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Ҫǿкŷģĵеüڭ°ľٶǲǻõõĽ
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ճȰСèһߣĿϢһᣬתѩ÷þƽ޲
ٵһᣬſ۾ص˵Сè㱣ʲôҲ״̬ܲܶԸſ
СèӦһû˵
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һռ䣬ճ͸оһʮǿܣͬһޱ޼ʵĴ
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ԼԼ䣬һγ衭


345 꽣ϣ
һŰµķСŮվγ룬ͷһƬռ䣬ķĹӰͬٲһСŮˢͣ
ŮֻСָ߸߾𣬷ӨӨ߲ʹâһСԲܣס˽ƷĹӰ
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˯ţճ𾪣Сèǿɲ˯ţͷϵѹ꣬˯ˣܿѲټһ£취
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ȭͷзĹⲨһ磬ȫ治ٲԼСèͬһ硣
ȭճ֪Լķԡ
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Ҫǲеģֻܵȵ˳֮󣬲ǿдӡѷĽ·ʱ߲ͨǾͻһ·
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⽣⻪תճĸӦ֮ԵޱУƺԼôٿضԣһʹָͷĵס
ΣСɢԼ
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Ǿ۵ĽԺͽС꽣ɣһٲǰȫûо񹥻ֶˡʲôЧĵˣá꽣һöԷԸ
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ֻӦתŲĽѪԪǿĽһ¡
ճ߲ʽƽǰȻһƺȣСصĹ켣˶


346 꽣£
۹۱ǣǹģһ
ճѾ߲СԺȴˡŽͼһʽҲǽ򵥵һС
ֻ̧һĻߣбб䡣
ھӳ֮£ճӦСèʶռ֮УԪ⽣ǿһЩɫ˿
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ʶռʹһ־û׶ˡ
ҲûгȡһЩһһȴճľ
ճӦһͣԽԽأƣһбնСèͷƬٲķĹȥ
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ɫɢɽǿѹĽɫĹôһ˲ȫɢҡ
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Сè⣬ʹӳ
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ܴǰģȻһЩ
ʱСèͷĸһɫӰ˹ӡľܵϡ
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ٿǰָͷСССľܣճ
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ңСܡû´ĻѾֳܴһȥѹľˡˣľգǿİѷתƣҲ첻в
Сè۾һıסСܣֵĵćSԺľͷ͹ˡҪȫϲźãҲˡ
ճЦЦ⵹ǸϣȴǺܴ
ľôֵܷѹǲȫתƣֻҪӡСèͷһ죬Ͳȫ̰ѡ
ճСèʶռʹһʱԼԼľһЩ취
ֻҪԼľǿһЩһЩŷӶСèȡ
ʱСèҲܱǸɰСŮˡ
СèָСѩļˡ
СѩСèһֱһżСèת˵ö
СŮȥԸռҶ
Թճȥߣʳɫ磬ͻص׼оһγõĺô
͸СèߵĴģ˵ҪĬѿΪԼ
ºܼѣȴûճҲּɡ
ʣµľǧľǿš֡ˡ


347 뻯ϣ
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ճȲǿš֡Ҳ˵ġε֮ġ
Ϊճ˺ܴȻǶ
˵ûģĶȻżΪϤζǷŽͼµϢһģһ
ճûв´ĻŽ֮˸ŽͼԭӦͬһˡ
֪λǰҲ֪ɵĴУ
ֿôãҪһˣλ֪ȥĸӦҲῪİɡ
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ţͿһݹ׾ϵС轣;лʽʮּ򵥡
۵һӳԪһǰռͱ˺ѳһѿڣ
ȻǷǽ˰ճ̾һͷȴǱûȡ
ԼҲѧ㽣Ҳʲôˡ
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ڷлһ켣ͻȻһ٣ճؿֱȥ
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ƺһЩװ׵ĶȫڣȻһ
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ģģҸоأȫƮƮģƺ
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Ӧþǹ˵ġ콣ˡ
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ܹõһطͽУѾ˴ˣﻹȥҵţ


348 뻯£
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֪֮ʱ屻ȡѪ̫Ѿ
ճˣҪӪ黹̲סּ䣬ͼæóҩ⡣ʮݵ˲Σͷ֧
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ҪҲȷǲܽʡԺҩĿֵûһǮ
ճЩʱջ˲ǮһЩҩﻹۡ
þ͵ãûʲôʡģʵĳʲôҪ
뵽ʵճȴǼãӲ֮󣬻СèСѩһСϷ
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Լľɽ˵ͬʱҲࡣ
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һܵԪܻ۳㹻Ľֱûޣڵжǿǣǿⲿһӳ޼᲻ݡ
ŽУճȣһӽնĳ嶯һּǿļճʹѹ
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ճԲƷǮƣҲܲѪܡ
ԣҲӻĿǰҲֻһ֮ܡ
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أǵҲֻǴɽǰ㳬Խ˵ݺᣬ֮ˡ
Ե֪½ؾӦ֮ڣɽʧٵЩУǸطõôˡ
Уճǵ÷СΣյʱ˽⣬ʮ־ˡ
ȻƿأֻǱʶĲٿأѾ㹻͡
ΪĴڣҲŴڡ
ɽǰܹ֮Ϲʵһֲľ磬ﵽ֮ϣճȻҲһЩ롣
Ϊ֪壬չܹõ
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ٵӰС˵жָһ󣬻᲻Ͻһز
ҳɣͼҳƷ
ҰֻճһĬĬ롣
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ȴ迼ֻ̫࣬Ǿûûʱڴʧ
һΣճֻеһ˻û̫ۼ
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ڽӥ̶һƬɽӳˮ֮д
ɽۣ绢ɽ֮
οͼˣ˵һɽˮ
ʱֵգɵɽ۾οͻǲ٣ŹʡϵŮС
ǵĿĵȻɽϵ幬峿һĸ㣬ܱһøˡ
ҶΪֵ
Ȼͷܹˡ
ôһЩˣƽԴöȲôûǮӸ֮ľٶȴһһá
˵ЩͲǮˡ


349 飨ϣ
幬ʦʢӿȣɽɽȴһƬľ
˴ԼԼһƬɫĽȺֹ
Ƿ羰βҲûдƬ֡
ʦѧɵĵҸ֮
峿΢紵̨ͥһ˿磬һϸСŶڶΡ
һɰʱһڣȴһҺ
ˣˣˣˡ
ҽеһʿʮ꣬һʵͽϵϴ÷ףһ޵µģ
ʱһţҴҵĳź˹ȥ
ʵʿܶƾͬڲƮһ㣬ȻȴʮȽȻ书
ûܳԶͷǰһǶһӰսŲһͷײ档
ɽʲôʦȻܵġһʮģĵʿסȥ·
ʿƽŵ̵Ĵ࣬Ҳŵ̵Ķӡ
书˵ã˵Ϊţʦ岮ҲûҪԵ˼
ϰɽһѧʮֿ̿࣬ƫƫ츳ˣĽѡ
ĵѧôҶôѧȴǴﵽڣһЩ϶Ҫǿ
ǡѾˡַԡĵزնħа׽һ
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ȻĻͲסһЩսӣӦɽ̰Ŀ⡣
֮ԱΪߣΪпʮ֮ǰɹ
ѧѾԽǵ˺Խѽ
ʮ꣬˵Ѫͻ˥ܣ뱧Ҳǲԡ
ֻһûʲôˣһĳɾҲͽֹڴˡ
Ȼֻ̫һܴﵽˣҲͲ̫Զ
ܵ˵ʿͱһֻдﵽزһ˸ǡ
ǵѧΪעԣһ㡣
֮󣬻Ѫ壬ͻ᳹״Щѹ׵ıҲϰ漰أ޳ֲ˼ġͨ
ˣڵѧһɣڣҲ̥ڣų̥ǣѪ£üΪʢӴ˲ෲˣҲӶʮꡣ
֮ߣ֮ǿǱ֮ǰѱġ
Ԫսⱡؼŵر־ʣҸɴ󲿷־ѧ伮ʧ׼仹ɽ֮У֮ʿÿ
ǰʮ֮ǰͻƱľֻܳӹģʮʱܹﵽһͿԳƵˡ
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ɽˣЩɢɸǿ֪ˡ
ΪĻУʦʦԽĵطǵвȽǿ
ߴϣʮ洫Ӹǻʦм˶һš
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ɽ𾪵״Σ˵˰첻⣬ʮջֽסڣȥ
Ҳѹ󶯸λɽ˵ǽŵ棬Ҳ壬ΪڻڣԵһоڡס͡նꡯһо
һñһʧΪ˼໨ڵϣŻָٹ⣬Ͳôˡ
ʮˣֻлΪλ֮䶼Ҫס
Ϊãǵʦƽ̵׵ܵܣôҲֲϡ
ŵʵȻôԼȴǼãǶ࣬۰мӡ
Сʱ͸ԼС嵽ܣ˹ϵΪ׽
ŵĻѣôܹܷŭ
񳽣͸˵ˣͬĸֵܡ
Ȼλϲһ㣬ΪҲЩ̫£չѪŨˮ֮ôĶҪѩޡ
ȼ仰䣬Ƕ߰˸ʿΪһ˰׷룬߹ڲϣǵʦŵ̡
˶һۣΨӻƵۣˡ
μš
ʦ֡
ŵǰæ
ŵ̰˰֣ǰ棬ĿĶɽʵ㿴񳽻ѣʲôʱ飿


350 飨£
⡭Ӧ֮ڣ죬ǽ峿ɽ֨֨˵
ôҲ㿴ʦ𣬴ɨܸͿһЩ
ŵһɫԽӲơ
ɽ亹ֱðֻһĳǣ֪ôػˡ
أһССĻԵʿôηԣ
뵽ΪԼʧְû㷢ֱʣôĴ󣬺ܻܿᱻԼ̡
ɽȫɫһƬãȻ壬罺ˮմסһ㣬ʲôҲ˵ˡ
ͷǰ·ȻԼȥԺ췣ʦܣԺʱٵҵҪ˭µĶ֣˭ùҪѪծѪο񳽵֮顣
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Сžţ˺öҲʦһ˶̣һ˰ɣοأ
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Ӳμʦ桢ʦ桭
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ճڣͼŵɫΪ䣬Ŀ˹ŵһ㬵ͣ졣
ŵ룬Ϻ洫Ҳȫ룬ʵŵ˴ж̹ˡ
ȥжԣǰѲԼ߳ԼУ𹫶˽Ŀ
ɽʦԺаʿʹʿϵͳаһŵȻ𴫷һҲϾ˫ս̫Զ
νʵֻ˵ĿֻǺŪɽµһЩŮһЩٹ˸ùϵ
ҪĲǵҷжǿƤ
ŵǴˣȻ²ô⽻ʣ֡
ְþˣǸ֮ͣлһ˵ĳƺţƽųǴþˡ
߹٣Լ̴Ҳöмӡ
Ҳ˹аԭڡ


351 
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Ȼõ˵УмֵĿ꣬ȷӦǴѶʦԺȻŵһϵаʿٰ֣
Ͼҵר
Ȼа飬Ȼŵаʿơ
տʼʱŵ滹Ǻعصġ
ʱһͱζ
˭֣˭ôͷԭÿһνӵ⣬˺ܺõıߴǮƣǻᱻֵаԺߴ󲿷֣Լֻһˮˮ
Ĵˣ˼ת䡣
ƾʲôҪֺôаʿ
ҾͲԼ
ǣϱУԼ˽½ҲȻ
ŵΪʦаʹԺ֪
ΪλߣҲҪƫһֻǱִܹȥֻ۱ֻۡ
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ɲҪСӽȭǵɲǸнɫ˵ǰʱѾͻƱǻѪڸ֣ȥ˴ġԺŵ˵
ŵɫһ졣
ôȭӽȥǶԸӽӣѱ
ʱ˼еֻ֣ӲıԼ˵ĻȥҪѪ
ٿŵҲ˵ԼܴùѪڱ֡
ʽ΢ѡ
ټһʦŵƱʵɲ֮⣬һûͻƱڣڡ
Ǵﵽ۷ʮ꣬ʱͻƱ뻻Ѫڣûͻƾûͻƣһ㾳һ죬ʵԶ
ɲÿ˶ճԽսġ
ʵǿˣ͵Ĵ澴η
˲Ϊûȥ鷳
Щһĵʿȴ˭ͬһ㡣
Ϊǵ֮
֮Կռɽ߸ϣΪ󣬶Ϊǵʵǿ
ǹٷҲòϡ
ʦԺʿ¾ңǻǳ鷳
һ²һ£ֻҪǲǺܹݣϽܹٸĹǿ̵ġ
ճҲ˵϶ʱں´սУ԰ڵʵܾ˼Ŵ˻Ԫ˴۾
ŵĬŵҲΪ
ƹԺԸظֺͺ㶼ָƣ°ճ˵˳
ʿ˵˹ҵ˵ʱϺճȥȴеԮ˼Ҵε֮ġΪ꣬˾ͷˡ
˹ĴСۼճһγʱܵƣؿڴԵ޹ʱһ󶴣ûѪȻճֱҵϣɷ˵Ͷָɱ
ݡ
ڳϵʿȫˡ
Ȼȶ֡
ܶ䲻ճ
䲻ѭҵʩ֮ˣһ̶顣СĻԵ֪ǽֵʱ̣ܶϸͲճĶ֣ˡɱʣǺ޻֮
ЩϺ洫ȫ۷׷ס
ǰΪ˲֪ߵغʦֻҪԺȥ˻᲻һ
ȴôһ¡
ճųֵ̋䱾ʵҲΪǿ
ŵȻаʿô˵Ҳǻڣ౦ռ֡
ʹǱûѶȵɱɱߵʵͲСˡ
ڳĴ󲿷ֳϺ͵ӣûа취ġ
ȡȿȣ
ŵ̼ۣǾ̾Щ
ĵƽվãʦѾѪԣһеʵĶ֣Ҳֵô֣ۣǶˡ
˵ǿɴˣʲô
ǲȷϵ˵ˣһָͷСɫӣܶ˵ľӰ졣ŶˣСľһ˿䴿Ľ⣬ӴЧ
֣
ǽ֣
ŵ͸һ˿ϲɫʧе
мϵʿҲͬı飬ɽʦ˵Щɢɹż󲿷ֶڣһЩ´Ҷǿġ
˵ıص״Ļ޵ʿ۲Ĵб
Ȼǽ޵ĴУѹԶʳԭôñܳµҲˣȴƿСȥǲӡ


352 νƽϣ
ʧȥıǴС֡ŵѾĬʱҲ̲סƿڴ
Ҳɫա
ŵһҲûֹŵȻԼҵܵҲΪ
ŵ̵õö֣˵Ϳ԰ɽһΣﵽĵز
ƾɽĴУϣٽһɡħҲ롣
ʱʦؽʦҲøĳɾ
Ҫ֪ż֮УܴﵽڣҲֻ˶ѣ⻹˵𻯵ɵһʦŵڡ
࣬ȥӹٷ֣ճ£ҪҪš֡С
ŵ
ĵŲǰ̫ǿʲô鶼޼ɵ
ŵ̵Ҫ㳲ȥճ鷳ҡ
Ϊһʱˬ죬ɽˣǸٷ˺Ϊѹɽҵܲ
һЩ͵͵Ķֳ֣ţʹӹٷ֡
˵ճηҷֱ־ء
뻹ǲ̫ģܺ޹˼ɵڹɱĽɫô̫ط֮ˣ÷ֹԷղǡ
ǿɲɽ̣ճȻŵʦʦΪ̨ʵҲСӡ
ȥæȻڰսҲһʧ
뵽˵ȥ˾Զü׽ȡõǵİæʦȻѣʱÿġ
ˮ̯ѹʵεǲҪ
ǣʦּ˸ʦ˼
ȻΪȻΪԼܰ°ףʦ𽻴Ļȴܲ
ճһиˣͷʦƣͶԹٷ;ȥ鷳µʱŵƨ
ת뿪ɽȥ£ϵȴ۷׷ס
һŽֵĳЩͷȫ˼Ѫһ㼤ȡ
ţɲҪˣиⲢµܶԸģ磬Ҳɡ
԰ҲȥʱڻࡢǡŵҲԶߡ
ˮ¥̨ȵ£˭ȥֻ֣Ҫգɽ֮ڼ˵ܴﵽ
ˣһԳ֣ǻѪڸ֣˭ܶԸɣ
⣿
ŷּ
ϵȫɵֻۣӦ¡
ȥȴûϵŻԼ֡
Ҳǣﶯģŵ̵ʦ֮һɵòȻƽմҲ㹫
ҿɴûʱţǧ׷һ
׷ꡯ׷ǵ˵ͷ­֤ŵԸ͡
ȷ˵˴Ӳ׷ӵĺҲ֮ͬݡ
һ棬Ҳ˵ŵԸΪ̰
ֻҪеıǸǧʮ꣬ģŪ־;ݡ
뵽ţϵʿȫҲִֻɢȥ

Ҳͬ⣬ǰѧǹƽûʱ˵ġմƹ򣬺ܾܿͻᲽ󳾣һεţֻһͿء
ǸñֱڻǰȻ˵
ǸΪɽѧ԰һУϧѧ԰ѧά
ϣһЩߺŽؾѡһЩѡγ˲š
ȻȫǾˡ
ֻоһָӵˣѧɣȡøղأҲܸõΪЧ
Σ㿴أڻ˵һӺݻŮˡ
üԶɽԶתһȪģֶǡ
Ůȴ·Զɽۡ
һ˵Ҷǲϸȴûһ˸Ҷ
ɽѧ԰У̣Ҳɽѧ԰Ŀߡ
УҾкܺõ˲ŻǿԾټģò˵ЩΪԵʣûлμɽѧ԰ĲѡΣЩϢ̵֪˳С˵
ճĺܳɫ԰Ϊѡ֣Ⱦټ˲ţҲԳǲı£ȫǺá
˳˼ȴˣΪѡʵûʲôʵôǻϾճ·ӡ
һûɽѧ԰һενţЩ׼ѧ԰ѧӽԣԱԴѧԡ
ôӮ
ǸҪټʱͲ⣬üëš𣬽˳һתôһ⣬ְ
ҲʧΪһ⡣
ΪأҲճֱӽ𣿡
Ŀɨȥĸλ̵ԱȫͷҸӣȻĬ仰
ֻһĽ˶ӵĽ̵Ա̧ͷ˵ճںǵЩ̵ԱҲ˵ġǣܷؾȡóɼǿãܵÿۺʡ緽Сʦڽؾ֮ǰ޸֮ȴղһˡ
˵Ǹѧ԰ë
ԹֱӲͨ
ȻûֱԷ񶨾ټѡﻰ˼ȴǸͬټѡ


353 νƽ£
̰̾һͻȻоӦÿᡣ
տʼ齨̵ԱӵʱֻѰҷ˲ţžߺƻأѽ롮ʮķӳӦеá
ȴû뵽ģ
󣬾УԾټҲѻͬ
ҲΪУһƱȨǰ֮ԲãֻûҪ̫ˡ
²̫ߵ˵ȻȫΪֱӾټΧʮҲزε⣬ҲŪʲôѡ֣ҹƽͷѡΡ棬ȥճú׼ศһȡһͨ
ǣʦڽһӢĸŮվӦ
ŮԼʮ߰꣬ϸüбɣۣվһȫƺɢŹâ˿źΪ֮һ͡
Ψһһڻ֮ҵѧҲΪضáѧ
ͬʱУ̵ĵӡ
̽ԼͽԸճڽ̵ԱУǸͷԷΡ
ûü̾Ѿˡ
ȻˣǾɢ˰ɣУ⸨ĹΣزỵ˴ҵĹأҲմ˰˭ҲûȨֻɼû˰ɣ
У򲻿ɰǾֱƼģýѡεİǸЩˣȫǰ˵šƽȻУ
̵˳ҲǼ˵Ǿ׸ͽģõԺ׿ϣɽѧ԰ʮʽѧ԰Ҫ豸ȫʾѰ
ǰʮʱʼҹţңǶüɽߵܣˢ̫ðɡ
ǰӦˣʱ˵Уܻ𷴵
У˼
̵Աȫ׷׿ڡ
ǵǲںѧ԰˭˭ܾټ
ʮʽ𣬾Ͳ˵У԰ָ߿Ƽʩ걸ԼĴ϶òࡣ
ܹ㣬ҪʲôҩȫҪǣֻҪ
ɽѧ԰֮˼룬ѧϣǰ;ԱҲܷ¸һȡ
һ̸Ὺ֮䣬нԱʧȥȨһвνݡ
վͻȻЦˣϣȫоǰһʲôĻҲ˵ˡ
˵ҾøУǰо仰˵úܺãɽѧ԰ǹƽǽУĳԣƻôܹΪ͸ıأճȻûȨֱӽ룬ôüȻҲУһͬʰɣɢᣡ
˵꣬̾ת뿪ңǲ˵Ļᡣ
ľǸһ˿Ц⣬һۣϳʦ뿪
ȫᣬһʱ˵
ɸУǸͽ̵˳ǣͷи̵ԱϵġƹϷʹܾˡ
֮Щһ·ճֱӽԭġ
ǴӽվãҲܹ˱˵Ĵʸ
ɽѧ԰Ļ̫ãֻҪѧ԰㹻ãлԵֺ˭Ҫ
ϽŵĸӵܣȫԴҪ֪꣬ЩӽԱۻθ߹ˡ
ֻҪһЩһ֣ñٷѾԼ׳ɵˡ
ǸȻ͵ð˵һĻʯǾټһѡΥ档
Ǳǿ󣬻ʮھѣнԱѧ԰һᡣ
ƽУ̫£һƵ壬ֻҪ̫ʾֱͨЩȫݡ
ȵ̿ھټճ롮ʱǸ˳Ϊףȫԣ޿֣ҲǲòΪ
Ϊճռһѧͻһ˭֪ٵǲԼеѧԼչ˵ġ˲š
Ҫǣ˵ճֻһжûҵѧԱϲϲ
ܴʲôã
һν߰λǻʦȫû
ջ񣬿ʫ֣գصѧϰνָ
ôҾУʮֿճأѵΪСʦƼʲôرԭ򣿡һ䵭Ľ̵Աʵ
̵ǽһнѧԡ
ȻƽҲΪɽѧ԰нˮԺȫǹҶѧҵĴ
нˮǳȥ˻ʮ𾴣ţƺðͽš
ֻǽһ͵ÿʮھѣͶüִ뵽޷Ա
Ϊճųҽƾһףʧ䡮硯Ѿˣ˵ҪСУҽճɡǸ˵
ɫڳģ˵
Ǹί˼һ֣ۼΪ˴Ūļƣ̶ԶԶĶ֡
ֻǼʱ䣬ɽѧ԰Щ̵Աȫ£ΪЧΪ˲ŵ


354 Խϣ
һǸϽԱɹֹ̾ټѧӣչ֡
û뵽ǣ̾ǲļƣ˵мļƣֻ˳ˮۣʹһƱȨͰıȫɱ
ǰɣǴҶˣһӡ
ŮˣֱǺ֡
ǸҲڽԱ۰Ͱ͵Ŀֱ޵ݣοˡ
Ǿ֮㣬귽ʮˣ֣ͷԶһһľӢ
ҪģǼٴ˵ıǸֶӡ
ʮھҲǸһֽǢ̸Ϊɽѧ԰ʹнԱģΪߺǰ;
ܲ˵λټ˶һʱ֮㣬츳ˣ˲ŵõ˭İΨһͺѰˡ
ճһô㣬ûоʫѧϰһأôҲͨ
İٷֵıԷˣԵʱٺҲ˹صġ
οԱȵĲ˭ǿʱѧϰߵͣһ似̶ʱ֮˭ѧøãøǿǸ߷֡
似ţëĴªģƽƧģ⣬ҪһۿѧѧʵҪ
ûоѧ԰֮רŵѵûмĻۣһˣֻǿһ۱˴ʽѧ٣
ѵУͲ´ˣЩ췴Уȥ
ɵ˰ɣʲôã㲻Աʲô
ҿӣɽѧ԰úòãȫ߹⣬Ҳνġ
У⣬Եʸ񡣡
ĬȻ

ʦôճܿȥѧ԰֪ʶûѧһ졣ǳ˵
СŲ֪Ƿʲô飬ϵԽԽ΢ˣû˴ȣҪʧ
̻صԼסϣϸոݺõһյ裬üͷ̾˿˵棬Ҳ֪ܲУСʦһƼҲֻˣѵʣҽҲ
ߣЩΪҲ£ͿΪ̫һƱӲĶ࿳ҲճЩᡣ
̸üģЩԽΪܹԣʵɽѧ԰ѡ¹شΪУҲȫ޹˼һС
Ȼͻ¾ճһʱѧᣬʱ̫˵㡣
£һܶ磬ҲֻܹСˡ̵˵
ľ濴ԼʦįҲܡ
̵ֶŮΪ˽Ůĸȥ˾ǿԱӡ
С͸ùãȻǣһֱŸɳɼ˹Ŀ࿴
ǰżֽ롮磬ͼɼõջȴûϵսȥþͳ˴£ϵԽԽȴҲزˡ
Ҳûǰȥȣȫţ뺣ûаô
СٰŬվ˵֮£ֻܴϢ˵Сŵľϳ⡣
ۿϵһһ̿ȴǺް취
ŵ֢״ʮԣѾһУеĲ⣬׼ȷ˵ѾԼ֮еһԱ
ȥȵĳһ죬ʧȥһ˿ϵҲزˡ
û껹ܴܲڣû֪Ҳȥðա
ʦһҲȥǰҲҪСŽ̫ˣѵ֪ڵƾнӦÿԵġ
ɵӣڶ࣬ƾ¸вͨȥѰһѧϰɣľͲòˣ㹻ʵܿСͲˡ
Щοͷ˵ǧðհǷûִôȫһǿΪѧ֮ǰʮΣա
ʦģҲȱģôҲɽѧ԰ѧҵһľŵĻش
ǧ⣬һ˳ɾͺʦء
ʦһ㶼ϣѧ磬˵Ѿˣһϡ
ľЦ˵
ҲЦֻ˵ճ㾡ΪɣСӲ˵ٻҲӦ
ǡ

ճ˼ŷʻһǳɣȫûǰͰо֪Լľһ֮󣬻ļҲ˽
ûоƬһǳɵĻ˼һ
ΪһУճڻĹҲ΢΢һ˿
Ӧ֮УǰĻҪǿһЩ
ϲ֮ҲˣʲôգվɣۣȭƷˡ
֮࣬ճҲ˹侲԰֣ѵõķһЩֽòġ
Եֵһʱ򣬾
ճ±ʳȥһȴһŮվſڣӯӯ紺ˮ´ƮȻɡ
£ôˣճϲ
ӭ𣿻ݲؽᷢʲôõ飿ЩԹ˵ˣûȥңҲû绰


355 Խ£
ⲻ¹̫æ𣿾ûȥšճæ
ʵһ˳Щջæһѧڻͨ
ÿһͻƾ֮ճܻһϢصֻר
ѻʵȡһεķٽ
ºɵĿճоϵϢøޣϴμʱǷҲƽͳ嵭ޱȡ
ȵʵ㲻Ѿͻƻ˰ɣ
һʱ򣬲֪ͻˡճЦЩ⣬ϲ¾ŴĽģˣʮгɾ͸С
¾ȥкŮӶݲ衣
ֻ壬ճЩЦ±Ϣ𾪵ЩزԼմ˶֪
ȴͶ·֮ˣһЩǵĶҲȻ
ôͻƵģ˵˵·־ͱסճĸ첲ȫûע⵽ԼǰѾճֱۼñΡ
͸һЩ𺳣һ˿β´˼۾
ԼսصĴ˾Ȼһǰʵѵõ澰
ճз۾Ϊֱϴĵԡ
ǿˬ¶СŮ̬ΪѵһͷתĲ⣬ϸζֱ۴˵ĵԣ˻ش
û̧ͷһ̷Ӧһ˿Σæɿ˫֣˿ЦЦʵ𣿡
ճ̾ɫƣ̸ı仰⡣
ôͻƵİɣβǳȥһ𣬻Щô
Ҳѵõ˵һ£Ҳôɽϵʿԣ͵Ϯɱ˵ˡ
ճȻƷȻ˵ɽڹٷҲĳЩͲܲ
£Ҳܰһ
񺣳ǵ棬´ȫƿУۼϢͨ˭ҲȲ
ĸ챾£ԼԼؾĲ룬ȫ¡
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һСЩؾˣ̶ʱһͨ˳ΪԸʦ࿹ĸ֣ŸֶΣǹѾںˣӸ涼óս
ͨôֵܹЩ֣ĵذܻɣ϶һҪˡ
˵
ճЩԼֻǴӸ˲ϷؾԽӰ죬һʹڣӹҲ浣
۽ȫһǹ֮Ŀġ
ÿ۵ȫͬ
ճĵʵؾ£ôȥͻƻ
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ʮ뻯ʮʮпܴ˵Ӱӡ
ⲻΪƣΪѪơ
شȻСأ˥ٿݣһֲơ
˹ʮѪ۷״̬ʼ·ʱܲ뻯Բͨ磬ͻЩȱݡ
ʮŲ뱧ڣҲܶδиҰˡ
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ͻƻһž֮˵ֻɽһˣĳɾҲ
ճϸ΢ĸӦµ˼֪ǿҵĿȴǿѹֵͬܡ
֮˭ͻͽأ
ܰһѣͻҪʱాİ׶Σյõͻƣ
оƬϸϸɨԼ壬ٽʱ֪˻ôһ£һЩĵá
ӰһؿڣҪʵһֶ򣬶ѪԲͨ
֪ʲôʱʼʹ֮ȡתΪ
ͻưͻƻﵽʵǿ֮һԡ
սǿֻǸĶЧİѪת֮еһһӶ̬
ʦԲڣϿǿųʱʲôʱͻȫƾ䱾ʣȴڵȴơ
¿ڰҲһʱ䣬֮ûͻƻӦǿûд꣬˵ѪûںΪһ塣
ֳԲڣʵѾһ΢
𶯣뻯ͻƻԶճǰִϡ
¹ɵǰճԶԵģճʱʱŪ漣ġ
ܰﵽҡ롣
ճоƬĲܹͬʱ۲⵽ãֻȷķ򲻶ǰ
ܹ۲⵽ԼȻҲܹ۲⵽ˡ
ͻƵľ飬ճҲָһʸ
Ҫϸϸ̽µѪУȽһԼͻǰı仯Ϊָһݾ
£ûʲôò˽ģоƬ޷͵ܲ˵Ķ֪
ⲢΪ֮һЩû˵ڵ㺣ǵʱճսһ֮ʱº˽Ĵӽȭ
һ̤磬Ӵ˱ôΪͬ


356 ǰϣ
˵ʼʱճ֮仹Ž׵˼
û׵¾Ͱѹ׵Ĺ˸ɾݾôҲܺˡ
ճǰԵȻռѧԲ⵽ܾľȭѧȭǴ˽ġ
ܶʱܶ˶Ǳ䣬⴫湦
ͿԿµʱľٶǶôѵá
Ҳ֪ôģ
Ǵӵһۿճ˳ۣԺûŻ֮
һʼΪְֵĽ̵ճӽȭճѧÿ죬ͽ̵öࡣ
ڵճȭñҪãʵǿ࣬Ӷ޿ɽ̡
ˣ׷ϲԽһǲģЩȻȴûС
ǷĵΪճĳɼˡԺճ˽Լõһġ
˼֮籦һ㣬ճܲж
ճԼϸϸСʵܰͻƿɱǺҿİ
Ȼʣ۾ȴǷ˿˿ʣࡰءֱ¹ʵҲɲҡ
ճЦĿһۣµĻûʧıѿȷȤ
һֱֵģʲô鶼ݣƺûʲôֵϲ
ΨʱճŷȫǼ
ֵԼں飬û˭Զݡ
ԭǸհⷽһϰȥý˼Ѿ̵˹
Ǹܲܰ·̽ѪУôӾԴ֡
ճЩƮúܲ˼
ΪݹƭСŮ·ô˵
䣬ɫκ죬ЩյĴű˵ŪɣȭʱֲûʱôͲ
ճһҲǣʱΪ˰ȭͬʱҪѽѪжʾճǰСݵȭСƤԼͿˡ
ˣҲûʲô˼ġ
ˬְµİɫƵСϡ
ûһ˿׸⣬£ǰ۹¡
һĻдĴ飬ָƺ˵Ķ
ճһ㶣Ȼæ̧ͷһ£ʱ۾ޱ飬һ
ȴû´ʱѺ͸ֻװúȻˡ
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ָоʮƺȪ֮У֮һְ
ƽϰһЩҲʼ˷Ӧճĵ
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ΪΪһ壬̤뻯磬ȫƿ塣
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⣬ֻҪԵϰЩطٷ̲ӣ˶ãͿԽ۷ֱ뻯
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ֻǵľøûʲôѵõΪȭôôá
Ψ£ǿճȭ⺺ԻٶȴﵽԼʮȭΪ
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ڶʮʱͻưʮһﵽ۷壬СĻѲϵ
ճµȫǴƳĴڣͲ֪ôġ
ˣô죬Ÿȵճû㣬ĸۺ𾪣Ѫ糤Ӵˡ
ڸոյѪ֮Уһ㡣
Ҵææ˵䣬Ͳٿճ۾˵һ˵ȥһϴּ䣬Сèȥ
ɳʳӵСèɵ˹һѱڻһһèȥ
ճЩƣ˵ȥϴּԽԽˡ


357 ǰ£
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µ״Ƴһ̲ҩץҩʱ°빦
³ճ˰˸ȭӣѧ˵˸򵥵ļӣÿСʱٷҩĻ֮ڣͻͻƻ
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һΣԼɹľָȴ졣
ͬӽĸҲͬĿƼ֮£ֻҪͰϰͻƻƿָտɴ
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ճԽԽˣԴȭȭҺô
Ȼʶģ֪Լͻƻ£ü۽Ƕϲ⣬ճĿֶ֮һЩĶ
ǵȻҪǰȭ̵úáճǺЦ
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Ҫ±ĸ첲Ŀϣճ޷ܾ
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һŮϵѪԼ˵Žң߸ѪҺ٣оķҽܹжϵóº⣬ܺǰַȲദǷ顣
ճһѹ־жиת´ͽʮײа
ߵȲǷ飬ȻǴģǽĳЩΪʱ֮пƲסˡ
˸⣬϶Ҳ
ӰԼ缫ΪûѵŮҲ֪һЩΪ̬Ķ
ҲͽܺŮʲô϶ԷѪŵֵҲ
а񡢱̬ܴ󣬶Ѫ
ҵ𣿡ճʵ
ˣ²ȥġ
ãã˺Ѱ֣´鱨ʺϡ
ճΨһԭȷǷżһյ˼ֹԷǽ
лɵĶˣһõҽǻڻҵɵ㻹Ϊǰĵڶ׮ͬస
УճȻ⼸æһѧҲûĺš
ֶ԰ķҲҡȻ֪顣
¸һۣŲճ㻹ǾְֹԱأֱûһ⹤ɵúܣȫƾ顣Ҳѧѧ´ˣҲʱȫ
ǿɲһ´ǹ٣ֲܷģ㲻ԪճЦ˵
ңǰһͷԼֻһʣ첻ȫ飬ˣͲӰ
һԼǿΪ£ȻΪܹԼڵĻšҪ˲ǲææµµǻʲô
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һҽڹ˾죬ͬǸĿõŮӣҲͬԼУַܵɱƽճеŭ
µԸʾң´ʵôɱ¼
ֻҪǶ֣ͨöܡ
׻˵½ˣ֮ƴһΪ
Թɱ˫ԼսҲˣٷ֡
쵽޹ŮϣǾ̫ˣ̵ֲֶɱˣǾԲܷŹġ


358 Ҹϣ
ǰѺǷҲҪҵº޺޵˵λܺһͬ㣬ܺǰҹҽŮѧΪոʧоҰ޿ŮΪѹ̫أجΡ
ճȻɱ˰Ų˵һҪؾҵܺߵͬ㣬ȻҲųɱߺ޹ɵĺɱˣΪپˡ
һɥĲ飬ٶԼĿġ
ʧȥԵҰޣ򲻻˾ɱġ
Ȼλܺҹҽ֮ôҽͳ˻ɶǺԵ¡
ȻҵˣΪʲôûֱץʣճ档
ӡ֮Уİ·ʽɲ˹ĵġ
ֻҪһ˿ɣͻ뷽跨ڶԷҵͻƿڣҪʱȡֶҲϧ
˵ЩͬԼս˹ҽԺְҽʿѧλƪģźܴǾƱزôֱķʽȥ鰸
¼ڹȫ˹£ӵϾȥʱΪӿڽǣȻŭŲ˵Լ˿ھӷֲԾ鷳ɾʹˣһλѧУոձҵŮ鰸ĵϣȴȥҹȾƣ˹ҹҺѷֲԣûг¡
ճɫأѾǵҽˣǴ
ǴӵһֶΣǱʶյ
ڱһӣʱ
һ֡ճ
ְѰ´Ǽȷģҽ̫񣬶Ժ˾ûа㾴η˭Ҫ鷳͸Һ֡
½˵֪ΪʲôҪһ˰ɣһɴѾƼ˿ַܻ˼޹
ģȻˣ˭˲ˡ
ճƽ۾ֱĶǰԶ
ھӦ֮Уһ޵ѪϢԩƶХ
ͣڴн֣´·ճ͵ǰС
߹ٶףͿһװ޼µľϵһ㣬ѪĻɢ޵Уֻʶ
ʮĿճһۣʵô֪ҵǽܷҽģҸղŸ˵𣿡
ʮԻȫŪͿˡ
ճһЦֱ
صģҿѾȥͷˡ²
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ճӦ۾ȴľԱߵ֣һдСʫ
ĵʱճоƬɨѧϰ֣ϲѧţҲϵó
Сʫ˳˿ţƽϢҰ޺˯ǹҹĻʹ󾲾ţûһ˿ۼҹ˼ȼգҵ˾ǰ۵˱
վǰֱȥ
û˵ճʫ䣬ԺһּµĹ¼Ÿ𣬸оĶбҹ
ţһѹֻо쬵ģСʵʲô˼ɭ
ճ̾ԣдϣѪɫһɢһֶصĸȾ
֪Ⱦģ㱡
ҽֶΣʦ衣
ճתͷ£üĴʱһɺоƬɨпȥϵҲ֡
Ҵи»ֻҪаͻᱻѹס
ճ˵ԪһֶشųӰ죬ӶüȶֻҪһͻᷢ顣
߼þ䣬һЩ̫õĶ
ʵǿѪȣֻ΢΢ܵЩӰ죬ûд󰭡
ճסµ֣Ѫ˳ֽӴĵطֱȥѪ
ϺһĿճһۡ
ĸоѪһ壬Ϸĸо١
ʲôʱ򣬾Ȼ˰㣿ʵʵʵǣճôϵĲ׵ġ
ܿ϶ܷҽȷ֣Ǹ֡ûһǰȻָᷢʲôأ
Ϊʫ𣿡Щ˷ܣһ׼ȥɱ
ļӲˣӦûҪӰɡǸӣڲͬճһ˵ʫ°벿֣ûдȫˡ
ʲô
սҵıַ֣ŭ飬ֻ뵽Żο塣ֻǴһԴȪȡֿ֣ɬֻۣһֲֻҽңҵķܿѣҲ޷˰ÿһǧΣҲһǧΣҸ·̻
ճʫ۾ȴڣֹǰ
һ˫۾Ѫɫ˹
ճʫϰΣȻ뵽°Ρ
ʫʫдġ˿šѪɫϣȻȻһַɱ⡣


359 Ҹ£
ȻǸѾɥʧԡ
Ҳˣϵܺ˵֢״֪ܷ俴Եɽ֣ЩܺŮ֡
Ҹ·̻Ǿ͵һֱˡ
ҪˣܴﵽҸı˰
ճĥˣɱȥɣʵ´²Ҫʲô֤ݣԷǹҲһ
ýȥѾӭˡճ̧ͷȥĹâ
֮վűһֱţʵĥ䣬ҽݵĵѪһصİƣɢľơ
Ȼ֪ⰵʲôãСһûд
ԷһҲý¡
δ֪Ķ̫࣬á
žžž
ͣ½Ų˳Ŵ򿪵ľľ˹ȥֻһɫ˳һһŰơ
ͷһ˿ͦݣĿͬӥȴӯӯЦ⡣
û뵽ôиȻϵ˹ϵ֣ʵǲ򵥡ˣ㲻һѰҸ罫Ϊǵ
ºͶֿһȡ
ҽܷƽ￴º͵ģ˵ôëȻһԽ˵
ճЦһΪѳ׵ıϴˡһΪȥˡ½֮󣬵ǻ˻üĽȴû뵽ԭҲΣհ
Žܷ۾Ⱥ˵Ӧ͵͵ϰʲôҪ׼ħɣҪֺοֲ·أǿˣҲūͣ˵ҸƾҲ䣿
ܷЦҲֲȥˣɫ৵һ±۾ѪһƬ㷢ʲôˣȻܲµ½ϧ㻹ǵ
ǰĴºͱ˻ƣȻͬһˡ
¼ǰͻȻһ˫һšʹӭС
ճЦ˵ô鷳ֻһֻҵħˡڹ⣬ǿܳɸ򣬵ƫƫܵײҡ
߲ʹâһܿ𣬿С࣡졣
ԼԼĿһѷ߲ʵСճüģɵĹâ
ֻһȥ
Сˡһǰܷȥ;֮عŤϢ
ܷɫͬ׶Ұһ˻Сɵ̲Σգһ㿪
ûá
߲СȻӶܵģ׷
ܷƣСҲŲƣٶȸǱʮֱֱûüġ
һͣͣɫͻأ仯ƺŬҲ˻ָͻȻѪɫצɭâ
˶죬ոЦ̸ͻȻһ붯֡
ճһţֶ֮ʤһ
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ǣҲܿóճһУֻڼݵʱãöԷ˼άҡ
ӽָܷⵯצ˸ĺ⣬Ӵƣѿжϳ˵Ĺͬ籩꣬ΪöԸ
ؼǣֶʮа˭Ҳ֪᲻ʲôֶΡ
ľ֮ɢľȻĮȴ͡
ͱܷܹһᾫ񹥻
ˣȴճЩˡ
ǰ壬ǰȭȭգָ΢΢͹һк׻羢ܷ̫Ѩȥ
ֱܶȡ
ܲ˵²׽սҲܲ
ճ꽣֣Ǳ߽ܷ㲻סѾ˵ǰ
һȭ͸Ǿ򵽽ܷͷͼһѪһת֮Уµ塰ءһ͵⣬ĺ߰˲
䶼ͬƬƬ׷ɣ¶˪ѩһֱֻۣʱ΢΢࣬ȻѾˡ
һˣܷȴҲ̫ܣǲѪɫⲨոճ־ͱ»УͬһعӰ
Ҳһɾˣһײԭľװ޵ǽϣײһİݳ
ɶ񣡡ܷŭһѪӿ𣬱ǰʢ֣һȴȫΪˡ
ճ´˸ֲŭһѪͻŨŨѪͻȻǴ󼸷֣·ڡһѿӣϵƤһЩѪڡ
Ǽ̫Ƥ˺ˡ
˹Ľܷ֪ʲôֶΣգ֮ͱħˡ
ճĿһһ
ָ罣ͻȻǰ磬һ
һ𡭡
ֻǰһֻ޶˶˶һ磬ճĽָ֮ϡ
һ£ߣ潣۹âȫѪĽܷһ
磬·ûܵ˿
ַ·ֻһӰԵû𵽰ãǰֻǻ
µУܷһ٣͹Źֵվһ
ͣһᣬϰбб䣬Ȼϡ
ȴԭǱһأϿڴһƬڣ罹̿


360 ˣϣ
ճʲôôûùģĿɿڴȴǴϲǰ
ָ⣬Ѿɽļַˡ
̶ʱղ֪ճ˺Ȼ˾
ǰոձסճֱۣͼһĲˤϡ
Ծæס̧ͷȥֻճɫ԰׵ˣϾһ׻ңûа˿Ѫɫ
ôˣ°ɣһҲɫҰףβ
û£ģֻǳʱѪһοɿˣ£ҪҳԷУֱҶˡճЦ˵ֻûѪɫЦЩˡ
ճֻȫնˣһóŽͣеһõһɶ
ţԶȡľԪѪΪȡ̫ͣüΪ
УʲôҶ㣬⻹Ҫ㣬һĺѶԸظһŷ
˾ͺð죬Ȼеˡ
ǵǣаħħ˫ޣ֪½ʲôʵϴμҪǿ࣬ѹָ񡣡ճ̾Ϣ˵
½ĸֲοſ˼ʮ֣֪жԺе㷳ˡ
Ҳǵͷǡ
Ҳʶ⣬ڹڣؾĸֻûУĸֱ伯УûĴƻ
˲õġ
ȴǲͬ½ûͳһĹʩһЩﵽܡ
ɶ̫Ҳһ£ϲԼаʿ־һ־޴ս
ڱˣͨ˵øıǹҲøıӦԷʽ򿪽֮ţȫǺ£ͨڶԣ˵һĻ¡̾Ϣ
ˣ˻и߸ӶأȥԴͣҸо̵һͷţ
УǾţ⣬֪иţݣζܲԶٶɡ
ճЦһᣬƽϢѪ󵨵§µС߳ҽݡ
½ܹ´ԱƺȻǳ֡ճȴǲˡ
ĵͷ§סȴҲûжܣѾЩϰճһЩǵĶоҲܺá
һܺãǲ˵۹⣬һѭġ
Ҳճϲһ㡣

ճԹѧеƣΪ⡣
ȻжЩв㣬ֽ׶ζԣʵҲѾ㹻ˡ
ܷʵǿʵϴﵽ˻ڵˮƽΪħ˫޵ԵʣھҪ
ճþ񻯽ġ꽣ֶιҲ̶̵ֻסһʱ䡣
˵ƶֵʱ̫ˣճֲεĸ֣һѾԳʮΰ˴Ρ
ľ񹥻ռж޴󣬾Ҳǿ׵ġ
꽣ȡЧȻ֮ڣҲʲô
ճоϲʵǽһ
Խ࣬ջԽ󣬹Եȷе
תѭ֮󣬼ȫѪɵĽҲԵôģϿԳƵ޼᲻ˡ
ܷʹѪɫ֣߶ǱѪ塣
ճľŽʽ֮ȴͬȫһ
һӳ֮˫֣ĥЧķֹʲôֶΣϵΪ
Ĺâܣնն
Ȼֻܳһǰʵϲˡ
ֻҪԺٵõطܹõתԪȵ㡣
ʱһ֣ݺ£˭ֵܵ
뵽ճ̲סЦ
ϳһֱɵЦ񵽽ô¿ۣĿ§֣Թ˳׼Ҫճȥţˡ
ճͷϸ̷ȡЦЩ˼ﻹǺܸ˵ġ
ԽԽСŮ̬նżӣദ죬ȷܲ
ȥݣճֻǳߴţ棬ͣ
ѾԱʵڲ˼ٳȥˡ
ϰùĿ⿴пҲĪȫͣ
ֻǿͷԣԱߵĿøԴһߡ
һߣ˴ԼֻȤĿճ棬ûа
ֻϸĵĻܿóĿŨŨЦ⡣
ճҷĵطȭǷͳΪСݵһ˵ˡ
ճЩΣԴ޵ϵ֮¾;СħŮԸϲܴиоĪȤ
ĻԼԶԱ²Ŀ˳ģ
ˣҲˡһںȹճпӣ˲촽˵
ڼѱɱסҲָ˼Ѫɫֲ԰ҵ첡״
ٳһЩɣôԾɺ˵Ů˵ֱʮ־ˣĲճϢȡ
ճһ¶ǣͱڽӪȫתһƱͷ˿ҪϸСĽ
ڲģǲĹ̡


361 ˣ£
ճ֣δȫһ֮ǰʲôᱥԶ١
ǰ˳˵ԳԵһͷţһߣȻġ
˰ɣ͵ûȥԲҩˣһǲܶðճϧ˵
조Ц
Ҳճ˵ֻ£֪ճΪɱɽʿ
Ȼʶ˽ǿȴûһ˿֮飬ֻ˵Ҽǵõղһٶʮ˲ΣȻǾ´㡣
͵ʦ˲θң
⻰ճһ㶡
Ǳ֪ԼıŮô⡱᲻³һѪ
ҲòϣﶼҪˣ㲹ӡƺճ뷨Ц˵
ճĬȻ֪ôشʱľٶЩ˸жĪ
˲Ϊϰ֮׳ѪΪãһѵһ
һǰǽɽֹһ˲Σ˺㽭ǧ˰ĸ߼¡
⻹Ϊȸͬ˴кû˸ȫԭʡ
ҩһݣͲܵҩﱾ㡣
ܴһҲܴͻƿϣ˵òţʵֻһЦ
Ͳ˵Լͻƿõϣ˵ܵʱһƬͿԵסȡþεʱ䡣
ӹյ´ܿ¾óһУʿ֪װľǰϲˡ
ӺŤŤʲô¡ոͻƻķҲû˵л
¼ճӣһۣ˲νӲУû˵
ãҾͲˣȻʦֶ˱ҪƨɿɱҲ顣ճЦ˲Ρ
¶˵ˣҲ̫⣬˸顣
ο˲´ҪֻҪһСƬ˲ָ
ĳսž޴İҲΣա
ֻҪҲ֪ˣŽȻǿޱȣһʹȫʵͻϵһ롣
ʱǿУԴУ
˲֣û˺֮ˡ
ȻԲٿԱָ֤ܿΪˡ
ο˱ҩĹž޴ôܴӸϲԪ֮㣬ٶҲࡣ
ճ˲Σ²¸û˵ġһͽܣռ˴ˣȴʲôô׵¡
⻰ճͷϵĺˡ
ͽܻҪԺԼɵСˣʲôգͽǾյġ
˸ճصȾóеһ˲Ρ
ŴУŵһ˿ҷһ롣
ճоͷԶȻһ壬ȫѪҺҲ΢΢ĵһĵ
Ǳ˵ִѣӦòصԭ򣬶ĵرԭ򡣡
ճһǻС˵ı˲Σп
һΣ黹ڸ̾˲ôˣΪ˵ƭ˵ء
ȴԭͲôһ¡
֮ԲˣֻΪЩʮʮ˲Σֻûгɵ磬Բ̬
ٶʮϲΣѾΡ֫ͷڣʣ뾧Өϸ塣
ָḧȥоͬŮ΢΢ԡ
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һůĻϸ΢ëϸѪܴҲ
Լͬ
ԽԽ죬Ҳܾվԭأӣ鷿ӽСͷ
ȭŴ򿪣ԽԽ죬Ѿ⣬Ҳ
ճĽǸͷϸСĽһ֮䣬ͱôִʮࡣ
ȻǺܿͲģǡ
ͣȭٶԱߵһСԲһۡ
ֻе꽣üбɣĿᣬɫ͸ŽѪɫ
һȥͬ峿ոĳ֮Ծ
ȫָˣҲһЩչЧҲ̫˵ɡ
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ΪͻȻ䷢֣ϲεĹЧ˵ǰ赭д
ͻ˻֮󣬷˲ΣҲѪž޴á
֮ҲҪ

ֻܸͼͻƿ˲ҲĻôȥ׷
Żг
˲μȻۣȻֵڡ
νǨԪļ٣ĵرļٰ
ճܵѪӿ
غ㳣ڣ׺ɣ
ԪֶǳתƲǲڼһ˵ġ
ִ֮ὥıĩ磬ΪɢʧҲΪ˲Ф
ҪԭʵΪ˿֮Դƶ


362 ˪ϣ
ˣ
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ͬһͨнˮķ򸾣һȻ죬ٶһͻʮּѣӵѧѶύ
ʮ˸أ˵ͥ϶ҲԲˡ
ĵرҩȻҲˡ
ĿɣɽΪ˼򽥽٣ҩ綼ᱻժһա
ƻԵĿɣ¶ٱҩͿ֪ˡ
˵뺺ʱȣ˵ʱڣĻΧҲǺСɽлҰޣЩҩﾲĳڻҰУȴʵǿʿĵժȡ
Ҳʱʿٵԭˡ
ԽսҵԽӢΪô⣬ΪսңʮҾſաˣ͹䣬Դǹʣ׳ɼ
ôЩ֮ʿɿǲҲֲ˵ڵأ
νԵνͥԭڴ˰
ֻΪ˶ռԴɡ
̫ƽȮˡȻϰձ΢룬Ҳֻϰյ롣
ֻںƽʢɵԴһ䵽ߵͷϣһҸ
ճ˼Ŵٿ񣬶ʱֶһ˿ͬΪʿı
ײʱվˣչ黹ǲܰԼ߸ϡ
ճϸİ˲׼ÿʱַһƬ
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ճɵһҪԼĿ๦֤츳һжģΨʵĽҪ
Ҫң䣬ЦûǿʵݻԲС
ƽҪƻҪԽԽãҲΨ㹻ʵܻ֡
ڸһ˵ճšش֣ʲôҩҩ֮ȫЦ
һ֣ʱָܻ״̬͸δùҩһ
ΨһҪǵֻǴҵıҩһ㣬ִȻǲɡ

ճķҩԵʱռҼճȴûôƽ
Դӽӵս֮ʮֽꡣ
˵޶ȵġ
ճʱҲ绢ӳⷽ񣬸о֮󣬴ȥá
ûʲôѹѵסԼ
ʮ꣬ճӲ뻯Ǿɽˮƾǹ²
˳Ϊѩǹ˵ǡѩʵѪ
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˼ɵǣİԲûǹɱܣֻӲ
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ôһʱ䣬ڳҰ֮أйĴԣָ߹٣ȫӣ±˽ʴ
󣬾Щƾھǽ˴󲿶ӣÿӶ÷ЩֻŸҸǽа塣
ᣬּ𣬶ִˣȻҲһ˳ҲαΧľ
֮Ϣ˹µӢ۵оͶ뵽ʱȥˡ
ʱƣճӺͥҲ˼ңҵ˶Ů
ҲûʱĻ𱬣ĸظҰ
ı仯һԼ֮̽С
ɽеҶ죬ճӿڻ۷壬ôʱ򣬾˼ųѰһԵ
ʱѾѮжŮҲ𽥳ɣû̫ǣң˵߾ߣԼͥ
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һߵǰǼ֮ǰҵһҴؼһЩҩ衣
ʱϴٺõҩƿܱ֤еҩȫʧȥЧһź
ҵǱؼȴǱá
ؼ֪ʲôƳɣʮֵļͽʵ¾ãȻûа𻵡
ճһۿȥĳȣ֪ԼҪҵĻԵ
ǣһѰжһ˵


363 ˪£
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ⱾؼҲҪ
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˵֮ʿʵ˽һˡ
ԷʼԴֻΪѡ
ôһЩնԣɱ֤һеһжΪĳһվߴƾ档
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Գʱ
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ӣְɱھưҹ֮УҰģԼַ˹
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ʮˣſͻٵֶβһͿ
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վҲһԿţ벻ʲô취
սҵճ񣬸򽻵Ƚ϶࣬½Բͨ˼뿪ĺܡ
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үûкʵѡаʵҲǲҪģ˭˵ռҵˣⲢԮ
˵ճ¾ɫҲȻ
һڴ˾ޱȣȴû뵽һϺѡء
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վ˳һдø
ȷˣճúúõģƾʲôҪΪռҵӣȥƴ
Ͳʵʡ


364 ɽϣ
ճ˼üͷͷ뻺˵ҵ˵ĺеճȷǸѡ
סվȰȴճӰڰִ˵
ʵҲûкôֻҪճӮͿԵõ̤ȫУҾͲþܾ
⡭
վɵˣվҲŴͣսҵ¶òŵĿ⿴̫ʦϵǸˡ
ȫ֪ⱾؼүεıЩ׵ļˣҲûлῴһۡ
ôЩ꣬ճһֱ̱ţ˵ʮּѣȫŵҴиһ롣
ϣôһܹƿԾ֣ΪȻκơ
ⱾؼһݴУһִ
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ҵֹ̫ˣȻѾﵽڣԲҲòȴǲ˼ʵʤĶԶԶճȻ̾Ϣ
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Ҳɻ󣺡ӦòǺˣ´ƿأճĴӪھ֣ҼǵǾ䣬û᳭ĺڵӡ
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ϷȻرһɳʪıҲ˼
˶ԸڿյУڼҿŻ¯ŹӣԸ档
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λñӴͷϣҲ飬ֱֱִ߳š
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ܶసʵᣬһЩëƤ顣
ȻСȴҲܲᡣ
ȻҲһЩ˳ʱա
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Ů˿ʮ־ʱУ˵ĴȴЩŹ֡


365 ɽ£
λʿλһʮ꣬һʮ꣬ȫɫۡ
ڴһѽɫСʮ־£ͷŵ٣һббס
һʿȴϴźڰ׵ۣǰػ㣬һͷгͷɢ䱳󣬿ʮƮݡ
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ƺӦôǻһװ綼òʡ
⼸Ůһͬ㣬ǾĿƤܺá
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νĽ참ʵָľһӵȨĲţлҹš
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˷¶ӣճֲ棬ֻһЩеλ˴Ϊ飬˵ܰѽŪȥ
ҪĿ֮±˶ʵʱͲ÷ڡ


366 ƾ֣ϣ
ܵ˵ǲץѱ
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Źҹ̷Ӧ䣬ǵϣʵϣռо޴ơ
һʵ벻ճʲô취ɹѹء
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ͣͣͣǰɣ֪ˣ޵ɵˣúõô;˵أʲôʱ˵Լɱˣôطˣôܶɱˣɱˣ
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̷Ӧɫӵ˵ճǼúҲȡе㡣Ǽɲӣܶͻ鷳һЩѾʼȡ֤ȥһ³Ҳá
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Թ۵һЩ컹һȫףɫǸӡ
ճͷ룬̧ͷԻ󲻽ʵ̷ֳ˵ĻҲôöһ񣬴Сһֻûɱ˵ɱˡǲǺ죬ЦĻͲҪ˵ˡ
̷ӦŴһͷˮճ㲻ɽ־ֵı⾯ɱСӴ塭
̷ֳҳԣɲ˵ʲô⾯죿СӴҸͲʶеú˵һЩ׵Ļ
ճº͵Цţȴ絶ֱҭ̷Ӧһ仰˵
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ĸҹҲȫɫ䡣
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һڷ˰ɣʶʶ̸ʲôԱ⾯ȥɱˣҪץҲ޴̸ˡ
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Ҷ֪Ǳ⾯죬еùȥ𣿶ɱΪĿߡȻɱǴͽֻҪԷסţôˣҲûõġᾯ۵
⾯죿ĵھ𣿡һŮЦʵ
Ƶ갸жߣ࣬Ǵδ¥ˤȥܺõѡ
ճΪǱ˳ʵǸмģҲͶأΪճƽ
ᾯһʱǿȻǲڱڣȫǿͷԼ͸ͷһĸ˻ܽģճִͬ˶ʶ


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ⲻͽˣɱ¼û֤ݣ̸ǰﾯ참£ʲôӡ
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˵뷨ȫˣΪֻɽһˣûϵ˸Ҷ֡
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һھͼǰƴ˿˿׹⣬¡¡Ĺճ󱳡
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ǰȭ׹⣬ۿճذɡ
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368 ƴ£ϣ
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ȴûϵ֮£ȻǸಫľ棬һںǾ֣֮ͥ¡
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369 ƴ££
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ԼɵĻ˭ҪϤ
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ǰȫѪȣƲ䷴ǣ۾ʢĶ־˵û뵽Ϊӽˣ䵱õôãܰ
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370 ϣ
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Ͼ˭ñɵĽӭУδڸʾԼʦŵȭ
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ҲʧֻΪҪż̫ߣûѧѡ


371 £
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ȻģľݼΪУŻƣֻѵ˵ķݣû˸һ졣
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촽ţûзͷ뿪˾ֻ֣ǿճȴ޵ĺ⣬Ȼûͻ
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ҪôֲܵԡճЦ
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Сȥܾûȴ֪ǲȥˡ硯ϧҵϢͨճ̾ϢɵǸԼŮӡ


373 £
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ճԶԣľ濴ʲôŮӣ˵絶ƽ֮ؾȡ
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ѵˣһ쿪ʡ
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뵽ճվǾֵԮҲԼˣûϰ࣬ЩҲɡ
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һˣҽȥβľüëһĿճƺЩСš
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βʵС˼ճ˵̸ж󸶳Ϊԭ롮硯ȴĻˣǺֵõġ
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ճЩ˷ܣܽ롮ܵõطԼĽٲǿռӣ̫ˡ
ҡŽȷ޴󣬵ճȴоͬߡ
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˵һڵ꣬ܵԼ۸˵ȻͲͻϵˣǱòС
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뵽ճ΢΢


374 һţϣ
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ճ̧ͷȥ˰Ѷƿ¶׵ͷҲѪƺˣʱȴܵ⡣
סңȱס˵ɡɽ鵤ҩҲܱסѪɢ


376 ͼϣ
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ٶȺܿ죬׷кܵʱ޷
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377 ͼ£
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379 ıԶǣ£
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381 ı£
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˻һۣȫЦ֪ԷƪȴҲܲ϶Էµˮ©ȷû̫ѱ

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ҵѧϰʼǣ˳˵û㻹ȥīԷѧһʱɡǲд֣ҲˣʱĿ
ľ·īԷ뿪ճԼѧϰ
ȥķӦȥУ칫Ժʦȥˡ
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һȿɣ˽ˣ֪֡ľ˵ʫܹİٷ֣ռ̫ݶܶ
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ʮ˸ѧΣԣ϶ѩ׵ֽĶĿбӵīӺ
һ̬ŵˣẔ̌ޣ߶
ʱʱͣ½Ųѧд֣ͷ
ճ֮Ҳ˵ֻԹԵĿŴΡ
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382 ľ֣ϣ
ȻûǣճҲͲȥûȤֻǿǽŵķֶձ
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ܻϸʹëʵַʵѾЩѧ֪٣Сèͷӡѧľ裬ϾǷƷҲֻдʱĽһЩ·ܹСɶѡ
ճ̾
ʱʱͣϸĵĵѧıʷձ̬˵鷨֮֮īسɹ棬޳񡣡
ÿʮѸ弱ʮֱʮʮν顣
˵ÿһử֮ƣÿһ꣬پ֮󷢣ÿһ߷׹ʯÿһۣ۸־ÿһǣ٣ÿһݣ֮Ȥ裬Լ
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Ȼܽɽѧ԰ľûһɵӡ
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ߵ棬ڰͷһ֧ģոıʷҪĿۣӺдһͬҡֱϾ
ԺڣоеıʾͬԼָһѪ⣬ϸıʷһڽ׹⻬ֽ滬
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ģߵżϵıʣڱʼϣʹдֵֽ˺
յСڿõң϶Ǻдһ
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ոֽ־ͽסˡ
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ʱŻع񡭡
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һ׳־Ƶ⾳ԾȻֽϣ׷ɣĶѡ
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ȫַʮߡ
ǵȴֻʾԼ֪ª
дľ鷨ĸǲѧĻЩä㲻ϣȫǰ׳ա
ֻϧ˴ţվͨ󿼵ġ
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383 ľ֣£
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ȻЩԲճǵɲƫˣʮ˭Լʳĸ
ܰճˢȥ˳ϣͲԼЩְԱĸ
ǧǣɽѧ԰ùϵ˺ɽҲʮʽУ԰
Ǯ׷ʵѲǮƵĶ٣һӡ
һһ㡣
ĸŮˢ£ճ¼ȡ˵飬ѡ˲㣬ûӡ
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ճ߳ˡīԷԼеĻԾƽϲ֡
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ÿ춼ᷢ飬Ϳ仯ȻǺļҲЩССʧ
ѧϰ鷨Ŷ֮УճһʾдȻ뵽һֵĶ״̬
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ֶձ¼оƬֻҪʱӸϰͲΪϰ
͵ȥңЩʦ׽Щʲô
ճʩʩȻһ䴫Ĵȥ
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ʦܣѧ

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ʵΪÿһƪ£ѧϰ̫
ƺЩʦҪѧѧ͸Ѽ
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ʵϣѾЩˡ
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֪ʶһͷˮ
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̨һͷ׵ʦҡͷԵʫųβ󳪸һԵ֡
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ϢͨһЩ֪ճڿõǰ
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ҡͷ̾Ҳôúóɼ㷢ûУʦԭ˵ճûнУ԰ʱ򣬾ѾнְԱ档
ʦгǷʵİͷʦǾѧݵһλı׫ΪѧʹߣԾͱɽѧ԰ʫġ
ǰʦӲʣһֱǰ쾹Ȼˣǵһѧ԰ճĿ̫˰ɡҲǵ˵ͷ
ճ¿Ҫˣӱһ㣬ڿþʹȥ°ͷһЩ
˵ȭǺճģۼѧ£ָһȭֶʫ
ճȫѧԼ˹ŷӦǸͷʦڽԼ⡣
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384 ϰ䣨ϣ
ճ΢΢һЦվ˵ʦȫ໹ʮŸͬѧأôƫƫʵˣ
Ҫͷʦʲô˼
˵˼һƬ⣬һԼ˰֮ģʡ
˵һЩʦԽϲĳλѧԽʡ
ԷһǻͲˡ
ͷʦз۾ЦЦ˵ѧѧãûѧᶫûвѧҶ֪ġô˵ɽѧ԰ҲǸߵѧÿһܵеѧʡʲô˵ȣںӰ쵽ҵѧϰ
⻰ݣͬճȫѧǳһ֪ʦʼˡ
ôҲţߺŽܻشóԼͻȻʵġ
˵ˣѧȼˣ˶ǻش𲻳
ʱ䣬Ҫѧϰǧƪģǿһ鶼ޱȣҪʱʱôܣ
Ȼ֪ЩˣⲢ⿪ʼѡ
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ճ۷׷׵Ŀãһ½̨ϵİͷʦǵһ㳰ҲͻȻЦ
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ճҲѧǳʦĹǻֵųβʫʱҡͷԡ
ǰӶҡε̬ÿ֨졭Ѱͷ̬ѧ΢΢Фʮʮһ϶棬ر𻬻
ȫͬѧȻЦ
ͷʦǵĳˣɫڵþҪ꣬˵λͬѧǽ˵ʫĵĺ壬Žʫʲôʾܻᱳ𣿡
ճЦʦ𼱰Ҫҵðȫƪϵ¹ͨһУʫһǰִĻͺɡ
ңңԶչƯ
ҳ˼ĺ˶˼ã
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ʵɰ˶޾˼ʹˡ
һΣճûðͷʦָЦ̬ˣ˵顣
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꣬ټĿƺӿĲ⣬һɾ˵˳Ĭѡ
ճһƲԼɵЧЩܣȴ׼ͣ¡
ȻԣԣҲԸ
˵ʦʵʫдԶ˾þò飬ǳ˼飬ɱġӡʫ˵Թŭ˼۲ɷͬʱûˡ
ǰ˵úúõģһ仰ͬʱûˡʱճ֣۾ȴЦ⿴ͷʦ
Դأƫֱѧˡ
ˢˢˢ
ʮŸѧ۹ȫͷɫף֪λ졣
ֲ˵ճ͵òԣΪԷûģ˵Դֿ
Ϊʲô˰Լҡһ̣ͷʦǻҰġ
ճŷ˽ʣ׷ܣѧ
ռϷ͵׷ʹ
ɽѧ԰ĽʦѧԼǣ֮ǰ֪ŪĶµء
Щӣ͵һԵǲը̲źá
ճ˵ĺ壬ʰ棬鼮װ׼ȥˣֻͷ˵һΪɽѧ԰Ľʦѧ峵Ĵѧʼңû뵽һξȻֻǻձƣԡȻˣһǻؼҼ鱾ɣдûȫ档
꣡ճװŪʧģһʱ̲סЦ
ûճǫ̃̄䣬ͬɱĿ⣬һΪί˹ŵı
ֱ̫Ϸˡ
ð˵ǹ⡣
Ŵͣˮ˶֪ﰵǸְ
Ϊ֣ǫ̃̄ϣǿ϶ɵ
ˣʦεˡ
չŹֵʱһŮѧ
Ȼмѧְ˽ŵİѳʦеİУ౳౳صأһͨæ
һᣬͷʦ˹ҰɫŴ
ճһĻϲ磬Ҳûʲôε˼߳ҡ
һÿΣҲûҪˡ
ˣνĴԣһǾ
˵ˣЩѧ˻롮硯ܹĸ˵װһѧʵˡ
Ƕѧ֪ʶȥõĹŴ
ν֪ʶֻһש


385 ϰ䣨£
ĸ磬ĸʱΪһѧʵˣܻõ˵Ҳ׵õ˵ľء
ôѧ徭ʫֵѧǲǾͻÿһָأ
Щָǣֻͽܱѡһǲѧţһ֪ʮѧӣһǴֲʶªķţޡ
˭ܵõǵĻģһֱӹɡ
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½Ա׿гЧ½ĸƱ硯̽жʵڶ˻档
С£ûջǴ¡
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£㲻ǺӰѧԺĸ߲ʲôʱɽѧ԰ˡճ档
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Цӯӯ˵鼫á
ȫܶУƾƷѧţѧСӰҲûʸ񣬲Ϊˮ¥̨Ҳ
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Ҫ£ýҽ㣬ҿǱ㻹һġ
ϵүүָʹȥΣյ飬ϵ̫׽ˣ綼ᱻǻǱԭĺáճƲƲ
ȻҲ֪Լүӽӵս飬ϾЩΣС˵ȷΣգҪȻͱӦˡҲүүǱ̫ˡʵҲûʲô˲ռҵûôҪ
ˣճ·ѧҪ뿪һᣬүү㡣ʲôæ˵
ճϤ֮õƢԸʵԣҲܿܺô򽻵
֮Կô飬ֻΪС;͵ΣС˺ӵľ
һ㣬¶ճЩϧȻҲ;˵֮Ҳû̫ʱЦ
ҪǷǰǲġ
ճͷӦռʵ̸ϺøУҲ̸ϷС
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㰡һ㶼СͲȥ𣿡¸̾Ϣ
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СϴγʱѾžɽΪʱûϵ㣬иĸת棬ȥҾͻ֪ˣϷɽ֮ûе绰źҲ
ô᣿ճ˸ԬôɰһСôء
һЩѧȫԶԶСߵĲݳȥĻЦæתƻʵ㿴ЩȫȥѸʲôֲǷѧȻ᲻Ͽε𣿡
꣡콿Ц
ǲϿΣȥݳϿΰֻеĲһϵΣ
ô棿ճˡ
ǰʱҲˡ
ֻҪһξ͸˵òˣԷǿӴ򣬼ֱһ㡣
ߣҲȥƣĿҲÿһᣬôͷѧѧ
һᰡ㡣Ц
á
ճһڴӦСûҪ˽̵
ŵҲ֪֮ѧ֮
ȻܿóɼܵиѧϰĹ̡
ʦȻԣƾֵķӾˣȻĴȰ˵㣬ϸ˵㣬չȡ


386 ʦͽϣ
ԭϻӦɾḻڿʦ̵
ճΪѾˡ䡯ſγ̵ѧϰʱ䣬Ѱˡ
ûλʦðŵ̵κ͸Уķ渨
ˣͳûĺӣʲôĵطҲȥѧϰ
Ҫ֮á
Ҫָѡ޿βÿԣʱԲᡣ
䡯֮һΣȴǺҪһŹΣܸߣʫ顯񡯡һȫǰٷƣɺŪá
䡱ڹŴѡ˲ŵı׼˻ѡ䡱롰ʡָߴϵĶϵ
ߣĪ䣬ʥɡ
Ϊ䷨˵ĵ˵ĵɼ
ⶫûճֻ֪֪䡱ſûѧã󿼵ʱ϶˵úܲҡ
ѧ԰￪ſγ̣ʵҲڡ
˵롮硯֮˱ʵжߣէ޸֮
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ˣһŴԵļǱزٵġ
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УȻ
ճ̧ȥĳУʱϷֳ֣һѧԶԱһԿš
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뿪һᣬľһҪʦˣһľճЦҿǺģҪѧˣҪѧ˻Ҫȥѧǿ㡣
Ͳѧ˰ɣǿԿĿ˷ʱ䡣ճʵֻǹĴܹܲںѧٶ
˵飬ճ˵һƾֺƽ⼼ɣվϣҲ
ѧоѵ˵ֻҪԼϰϤƢԼɡ
УҲ㣬ѧ԰̵ҲֻѧһЩܣѡ֡ȡΪΪ˶һЩʵõ֪ʶΪı׼
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ճĬȻ֪ЩԼܿ˭Ȼɽѧ԰ȻúóɼԼһᡣ
ֵǣǰںӰѧԺǰòɽѧ԰˵ӦøϰǣԼҲûΪʲôѧ˺ܾһѧ
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˵Ϊǵɽѧ԰ſʼѧϰİ׼ɽѧ԰֪Ҫʲô֪ʶڼҲѧġ
ָָЩѧֵѧ԰ѧˣﳤϢͨѧݡȫܴܽ赽ʼǡ
ԭˣ˵ǹƽʵϵڣ鱨ϢҲһʲеƽѧӻڴӵһѧνĴӵһѧ԰ţΪԸϰˡ
ճЩɫƽгѧ֪ǲ͵Ѿѧ׼ˣֻһᡣ
ˣ˼࣬ԸҪѧϰȡ׷ǡ²˵
ǵýճȭʱֻǽһͱѧ˸ͨ͸󻹴ñԼá
ܴȻûʲô治ĸоеģʱͺܺճѧ᲻Ҳˡ
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֪˽źΪʦԸ񣬵սƵʱͼΪ˷ܣ¸߰úܡ
㣬亣ڣˣҵҲ׼ʳָڼβϲʳָָڼβ²ָĵһؽڴסңֱɺСֱ۳ƽߡ
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ɿָಡһ֧˳ȥжʮļкġ
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387 ʦͽ£
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ǼǵǴθѧԣΪѧ̫죬ѧ̫ãѶԷˣοɵѧԡ
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ĿĺԣȻʵѧõע˳һճ


388 Ѷȣϣ
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һĴ׳꺺ӿ˿ͲᣬԹԵһ֣ҧ֭ˮĽ˵ʲôùܵģֻڿκ͸࿼ѧԱִҹܡǾǴͷҲнأȥᡣ
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׻˵࣬һСĵˣ˵ͻԼԷԽϰαأ

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û˵˶ǿճķ򣬿ͬѧų⣬ʦͬѧѧ԰йǴ粽С

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кһеľͬʱס˵˳Զ亹졣
һֱ߰ͷЦӯӯճҲ⣬һۿ鵨ȭƣǰ
ǰһȴճʲôûУֻǿһۣʱԼǸУĻ
Ҫ뼷ճòֻܴ취ǽʱ亣ǹһţǿ˷ָһĶ֡ɶǧѧ԰иʲôִȻҲǰ״򡣡
ҶɣУ֮⣬Ǽ񶷽ϰ򡣡
һոոŵʱ򣬻ΪԼ˵Цôģ
ճһɽ֮ʳһ㣬أɱɭɭھ꣬ҲܲһĿ֮
ʱ֪
ף򵥣ҵСճˡ
ǿҲſȡúóɼһɲٶȿ׼ġ
ֽϰԶԶţоһһֲˡ
ճЩͬѧתͷ£ʵҼǵո˵ѧ뿼ԣôܵõͨ
֣ǺǣճҪ𣿺׵ģֻҪʮľʮȫкģ֣ܼӸʮءЦ˵
ֻճڿЦ˻ոѧϰƾſֵ飿
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ճ֪뷨ҲΪ죬֪Լעúܶ˲⣬ҲͲͨҲûҪ˽͡
ѵ˵ԼоƬǿޱȣͽüոֻڶ棿
ȷ˵ᱻͷ
߰ɣǾȥ˾Ҫʮѧ԰󿼣ÿҲûж塣
ϰԵľʹӦֽϰǱ߳ˮҪԵǱ԰ŸѧأʱԸͲܺϸ񡣡
ճȴٶ˵תһѣԶȥ
翼Ҳö˷ʱ䡣
Լ񣬱ʱͲÿһÿһ붼ҪЩû̫ô棬ܽʡһЩʱͺһЩ
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˵ĺЦԽԽҲö˵ʲôֻǸճǰߡ
ճ߹ߣվ֮󣬰ľ£ԡ˵ʯһʯ˳һ㣬ǰǰѼֱòСϰԿ𣿡
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390 ̤ϣ
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ܹٲڹʱΪ֡ѾԿҫȫˡ
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ճתͷЦȺûʶļһĸİм;ȳģ
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Ȼ˵ǲ֮ˣǾͱ˵ˡճһڻؾԸ
ֽϰǰƶ󹧣Ҳʲôûɫճʲô̫ǣ

ֽϰҭһ£ҲͲȦӣֻʵ˵ģҿʮ˷ʮֿϧǹҵӰΪøҲ¡
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ճתͷߣֽϰˣæճ˵òģͲɽѧ԰˷ʱ䡣ôγ̾õһʮ֣Ҳֻռ˺Сһ֣οи̬޾ûӴ϶᲻ǿҲٷֵġ
ˣո֮ǰҲ˵Ҳģ۹úܣͲҪˣˣҵĳɼ㲻Ūɣ
ճͣ½Ųʵ


391 ̤£
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ȻҲҪľ׮ţٻһЩѶȣǲɣҲû߻ħ鷳ȻѾʼˣ㲻ҲȷĶ֣ɣҲȥ԰ʮһ׮ûϰʸ񣿡
үүҪճ¸ʵ⻰ûʲô֮飬׮󷴶Щη塣
ռҵˣֻҪѧһŹûдǣ˲֪ԶﴫСѾͷ㻹֪𣿡¼ͷģЩֻʱû̫ĶñСռҡ
ճ֪ճ⻰˼ڣΪռҵĺһʵЩƫ
ǵʵв磬ұȣҲǲࡣ
˶ΪճӲ˽ԭʣȴΪճ᲻ú󱲶Կ࣬һ㣬ڹ̫С
Ȼÿһڱﶼһʵһǧܻһǧķء
С֪츳ˣ֮ܣѧϰһ棬⡣ʮһ׮ҲһɣֻҪ꣬Ͳ߻ħ̴㡮
ճǰһ
ճӽػɽŵ֮ʱѾˣԲֻСΧշתŲʵ̫ࡣ
һʮףٶޱȣѾС˵Ṧˡ
ˣȴǲб
ȫǸеسɴһ
ѧһѧļ°ʮһľ׮λоƬ㡣
һֽţճ׼׮


392 ˼ɣϣ
ճ㵱ĵ㣬ʮ˲оȲ飬ЪһᣬǧҪǿȻ˵ġ
µǵ˵
ãճӦ
ճӼȫÿԱߵϣ˲ˮҪճܷ⡮׮ܲѧ
˵ճϣ𣿡ճɫƽʵƺ̫ճǲꡮ׮
ϸģܿүĽ뵣ǣֳ֪ôƽ
һܵģճѧϰǿģʲôֻһͻˣֱࡣ˵
Լѧѧôϣȭûѧã·š
վȴ̫ãѾѧϰûйϵˣбϾǲбѧʵ̫ѣȱʧһЩؾƾ츳ûõġ
վսҵҲǵͷǶ֪ճʵҲûģȻҲ߻ħꡣ
ճ̾ҵʱϰһʱʮŲζ߲ȥˣһʱûдҲûʸﲻţǿͳ⡣
ģصθᣬҶףҲɵΪճһѺ
ճһ׮󣬾˳ֱһ·ߡ
ǣоԼһǰ磬ߵ֮УͬãĴ֮С
沨˶УʮȻȫܲסԼ˫ˡ
һһ˴ճڣȫѪҺʷ죬һ߳ľʮ죬ûһ˿ͣ٣Ƚ
ǿ¾̾
սҵҲǿ۾⣬ͻȻ˵Ҽǵүʮʱˤˤ죬ȻҲ׮ˣճɣϣꡣ
̸ףճӼֱͦҲЩţȻôġ
ΪóճѾѪҺʼ٣Ǳʾܳˡ
׮ȴԽԽǼѡ
žž
΢죬ľ׮ŵճȴСȴըѿƬ衭
ȫȻĿ˫ƤѪѪܱͻƺһ̾Ҫըѿ
Ѿߵʮˡ
ճӶȻվ촽ûгֱֻĿճĽ£ڽе֣֣ʮ˲ͨˡ
¾ûôˣСȭͷճ͡
ŲһžŹԪ׮ԭԾۼϡԪȲֻҪʮһ쾭ԪתȻϵؼһЩƤëҲ˷ָ
ճ߾ŲʮоȲëϸѪȫһըѿ
ӹʹףһҲ޷ܡ
ֲѾ˽ȡѪԻΪš֡
ȲȴûȫһŻ磬ϸСᣬһԪҪȥôҲܳɹ
ͬһССƫƫҪ֮ˮǾֻܱ͵һͿټ԰̸Ƭˮˡ
ˣӣȿߡճоƬһأ֪ԼǿȥͻȲܴݻ١
ͻճһ˫ȱ׷ϵ
ȻŻشҲʲô֢֪ΪΪ֮ʵΪǣճǲġ
ͣ½Ųճվľ׮ϵϢһᡣ
ӦһȲѪԪƽϢɢԾ¡׮
һˤڵء
æȥסʵճû˰ɣ㾹Ȼʮ
ʮź˵ϧûꡣ
ǶԵģټߣпˣ߻ħˡճҲǹеĿ˹
û˱Ųεļѡ
ճһʮҲЩ̾
Ҫ֪ʼ⡮׮֮ʱʱ䣬ߵλá
˵߻ħʵѪңʧأʲôħħ
ճԴȲѪȫң޷֮£ֻǿķѪԱ֮¾Ȼɹˣʵǽ
źǣǱɹȲԾɲͨΪҪһֱ棬ճָܻ
ǲôճҲȥսͲɵĹؿ뵽ճҽ߻ħķգ㲻̫顣
ͷ¶Ĺкʧ䣬ʮֵĵģճЩů
ƺͿСǰÿδȭؼңСܻһûˡ
ճҲѧǶԸ£
ȻѧˣϳҲǸ䣬սճϵһֱѰһᱨءˣǲǿӮңʱˡճ
ǰճһ֮ûʲôΣգˡ겻֪ѧһ׼ΪȭʵսǵڣҲѴӮ
£ճ졣
ʲôȭһڵʦӮڵĴʦΥ飬һźԭ
սҵһԽ͵һֶΣޱȭУ˭֪ʲôô
⼸գȭʱһȭԺļɽ̫ʯȭͷϷŽ⣬Ȼ̫ϸ̫ȭʱûһ⡣


393 ˼ɣ£
ճһ
ȭͷ⣬ܴ̫ʯѾǻ׶ˡ
ƲһճȫԸҲܰһ̫ʯɽɼ飬ҲǼѡ
̽鱨һ㼫Ϊ׼˵Ĵ飬Ϳ϶ָͷСĿ
ֹһĵʦҲģϣܾܿͻ˴ùɷۣѵֵ
ʵǿһͻѹˡ
ҲѹճӸ⣬ճμˣ뷨
ʵϣճںҲһ漣ƣǼǰֻܸ꣬ʦ򶷱ܣҲö˲ճȫԸƾҲǿ
ճӲ˵һ֮
ճվܵԺＸĳأҲЩܡ
֪ҶԹճ˵ֻǶ˰뱾ؼô򵥡
һʤ϶ӸӴȴռͬһãռҾͻӴû䣬ڰѼ忴ñʲôҪճʵǲɽܵġ
ճ˵Ҳһѣʤ׷ս֮ܲ
Ĭһᣬճ̧ͷʵС㻹Ų𣿡
Ҫƾ֣Ψǿʵһжס
ȥǵҰСʱ뵽˽İ취ճһҧᶨ˵
ģ
ճ͵ķʣҲǰŰɣղͬǣȫϣ
˵ճɲҪǿİѧĻҲǿӲүүꡣҪҲҿɲġ
⻰ճӵȫȥʮ֡
ɫˢһºˣæ˵ճǵܵ˲ߣҵ᲻ȥǿɱ롣
ճεЦЦһŵ˵ôκүӵ˵𣿷ģнѪ֮⡮׮Ѳҡ
԰ôû뷨ҽүүϵĳˣԼƴˣҲʱƣ취С
еУɲܴ⣬ֻҪʮһͿñһáճЦġ
ճ˼
ճֻǿʵûдﵽı׼
Ųû£֮󣬾ûٴνǱˣǰѡ̤ȫٴΰǰҲˡ
ʱҪһ²еĵʮּѣҲԭˡ
ЩʱҪȥѰҵӣһʵĻҪźţá
һжΪԽǿĹԽżߡ
׼һ侲ңճͽȥ׼
ʱ˵˼ٻ
ýѪ̼Ǳûõġ
ýԼʱͨ׮Ҫһ飬һ׼򵥵ġ
ΪѧϰľȻͽСˡ
һ쿪飬ֻ˵Լò죬ճ¡
оƬʱ̹עϵÿһѪ⾭شʧ߻Ҳܻص
ܰΣս͵С޿Сĵز
Ҫǣճ쾭ҪϽ«ưǿд̶ͨһξܹɲʱۼԪɡ
ҪŪһѭ
оƬļ֮УС

ǡ
ȭݲԶϱԺǽ䱸ɭϡ
ԽߣԽǸڶ࣬԰ǰŰ˸źޱı׳ȫ
񲿵˷֣һ׮ۡ
һ㸻̸߹٣ڼôЩ¾ͻͷ겻¡
ҳϻһΪҪĻǾΪȭݡǷֲĲȨѡԼĻ
˻ʵȫµȭ֡
ǡȭݡֲЩһǣֲѾȫץУȨգɱģȻȨ
»ǰ棬ʯǽһֶص˳£ϢĿһ󶴣ź⴫
һۿȥܿнݲ¡
Լ˽䳡ҵؽѣСĽɼһߡ
ɴҲԵ֪϶һЩùĶ
м䣬ǰˣˣһĬȥ
²֪ʲôƳɣһ͸оһϮˣŨصѪζ˱Ƕ
ڣȫûа㲻ʣƺԴѾϰߡ
ߵͷһԶ򿪣ͼһĿι˵ǹʵǣһܾĥˡ
ͷţȾŰգƺûиɺԵѪ
ɤ˻ƣ䲻ţеԹΪʵʡ
ߴϣͫһͼֱҪǰಫ
Ȼġ
ȫôִĸ˩ѾûһƤ֪Ǿ˶ĥ
ſվһᣬſ˵ŻֻҪѡȭ²˵ļ˾ͿԲҲһʹ졣
ᡭⱨӦġ˩Żҧгݵ˵
ʧˣ϶˻ϲ飬ʱҲѲ̫ˣû뵽飬Һް


394 нˣϣ
ֻܹԼඣѧ²˼Чңȴ͵͵Ϊıȡ˽ڱץҲû˹㣬ҲԹˡЦ
ƾʲôҪЧң½ţԾ˿ͷѧı£ôʹȫŻŭ壬ĴֱѪ
üͷ΢壬´һһСƿŻ죬֭Һ˽ȥ
һӸ㣬ʮֺš
ŵζ̲ס˳ӣһۡ
Ż֭Һ۾ζһᣬɫԻһ㣬̾һ˵Ҳãðϲ֭ҵôǮҪĥһʱ𣿡
ǣҪκˡֻҪѡȭ°벿˵ҾͷؼҸ޶Բóһʾ޿°뱲ʳǡ˵
ĿϿУû˻ỳ仰ʵԡ
ŻĿһᣬľͶһЩƫͷ˿̴ԼĸͻȻЦ
Ǻǡ
Ӧòȭı׶˰ɣҲΪԺƭҡϧ˵Ļһֶŵġ
ʦ˵ȭнˣȫѪ٣ʱܱȻûƭҡ
ͣôɫһʵ
˵أŻϵļЦԽԽʢɫҲԽԽ죬ҪγѪ
ãһǰְŻͷŭѰ޶Ҫ𣿡
ߣᣬСĸҲֵˣѾȭǰ벿ҲĿ
һָո³Żͷ­ͻȻͱ˿һѪɢɽ
վԭأͷϱȫѪ
Ҳû˼㿪˵һŻԭΪ̰ס̿Űȭؼ˵û뵽Ը޶ҲҪݺһѣС㡣
Ȼ֪ǸոһƿŻָһǿѪͷ
䵽˻۷֮ͿѪԪҲСĲ˿⡣
δ߲˿ٿصľ͹ĵѪǿƶһͻᱬѪʧ
УŻڵУֽŽ˸ôҲӲġ
ҹĥ֮£Ҫסֻǳ˵Ρ
ʲôƺˣ¶Էܲסĥи̣ʳȭĺ׼˲
ȴûϵ˸ˣǰйġȭϰ벿ҲֻΪ֡
ͷͻȻӿ⣬Ҳôļģкܶ࣬ƭС
Ȩվˣ˻ŲĴͳ
ץסˣˣеķﻹõġ
ʲô뵽ˣǼܲסһ
֮£ҡΣˡ³һѪ
ͻȻһȭȭŽ⣬Żǰϡ
һ죬Żʬù飬Ĺڸϣҡȥ
ϳȥιݺݵ˵
˻ֳ֣̰ʰɾ˳ȥ
ȵȫȥָϵ˼£԰׵ɫһѪɫ
Һñʱܷ⵲סȭľȻͣˣҾǿ
ŻΪ޲𣿡̤ƷȻڡȭ֮ϣֻҪҵõȫ֢ҲֻС¡
˭ҵң˭͵
԰׵ɫֱƽ߳ȥ

ճھﺬŲƬ۾
ȡ룬оƬɨ裬Ȳļոߡ׮ʱĸоָԺ
˻ᣬԪӿĸһһ룬ʹС֮ϡ
ءϪǰɽһѨλȫ롣
һ˿˿һƵżѨλӿȥȲ
һɽָѨλȲһСνٴͨѪɢ
ճƺһſڵϣǿסιǰʹҧأһƿһѪ·
ĲƬҺֱ丹УȲʪƣʹ
СȾǿƿԪܲѭҲ㿰ʹá
ճͷ󺹵֣ͣγ롣
һӻͳһšشһ׹С֮ϣܿ죬˿ھͱ
վ˼һȲǰûֻ̫Ǿһ㡣
ͨȲԵֶһЩ
ȥһߡ׮ɣǲУǾ޷ˡ
ճ˳
ճ׼𣿡¼ճӰ֣æǰʵ
ãӦûһЩչɡճĪɻش
ʵҲû̫գֻԼ⣬ȲвлԲ֪
ճӵ˵ͷСһΰɣҪʲôѹܲͨǺҪǧǿ
֪ˡ
ճЦЦվڡ׮֮ǰһԾϡ
Ϊǰһεľ飬һߵøȣ֮䣬Ͳȹʮľ׮ûܵ˿


395 нˣ£
ӦаɣһȸԾ
һһҲˣһֱߵʮͣǰߵÿ㲻ʲôңҿǰûʲô仯̶̰Сʱʲôð취վһ˵
ǰϰ׮ʱֻʮ˲Ҳ߲ȥ
ʱճָɫôҶ̾ѣʵζ
ճȴû˵ֻǾš
ճ˫ȣ۾գҲգһ¡
ճӦһ˳ӿ
ܿ죬ֽ뵽ĸоУŽһһߵ˿˿һӼѨλȲոմͨḻ̌ù
ʮһʮճһȴûܹͣȥ
ҪǣͻȻһۻº͵ľ
һ֣ճȫһ֣㣬ŲͣЪһȶ
ৡһճһξͻص˸ոճĵطޱȡ
ճĶճСȴֿһ˿䲻ײŤ˵ɹˣ㾹Ȼɹˡ
ÿ죡
վҲǼΪ𾪵Ŀճһճľ׮棬һѾǵߡ
ճôˣǻûѧᡮֻľ׮ܵõôô
¾ϲʵ
ճЦ˵˭˵ûѧģʮһ׮ʲôţԭľû´ĻӦûŲλͼס
ϲɫ
ʮһ׮õܴô
ճӰһľд򿪣һᣬ֪ʲôƳɣǷֽǾֲƤë
鱾һճУ˵Ȿ䵽ŲɳոյĲҷǰȫˡ
ףճոһԽٶȼ죬ҪԼʹΪͬ
Ȼľ׮ֱֱֻûѧλѣؼա
ؼĲʱþǣԪķʽȴԼյ
ճӿûΪŲûֻ꣬취ͻƵ֮ǿѪӲǹɱԪ
һ͵ͣԪ
ҲΪʲôʹСԭˣʵ첻㡣
óһҪȵԪɢ¾
ֽ棬ճҲֻʹһΣһ޹Ҳû룬ҲΡ
˵ճʹĶС󴸣˼ôճͬ
Ϊ󴸣Ԫ뼺ʹԪ֮ʱֻҪ²ͣԪȻԴԴϵĲ㡣
Ϊǲбԭʣʱ޷Ӳȴ̾ʱ䡣
ңճоһջ
ΪԼ쿪ʱȲ˶طžۼԪ
ԪԼ˫ȲһЩҲøһЩˡ
ǲó׮жǰҲҪࡣ
ʵ֮ϲ
ӹճӵݹİ뱾ؼճһ
ԺоƬתһĪζ˹
վԭأлȻʡ
֣̤Ϊ̤νΪʹţһصƷӳЧʡ
ศɣȱһɡ
ѹϰˡɱͼ֮󣬹͹ٶȶӣԭŻʹҲͿˡ
ճϸϸۿţվԭرĿ˼һᣬͻȻ۾Ŀ
¹е˵룬Ը꣬һˡ
һ⻰¡ճӼȫЦˡ
ճӣָ룬һƺһֱѹͷĴʯ
һƴ֮ͺãµȫϣ
Դ귢սռӦսլԺһֱͺܳء
Ҫ˵˭ѹȴǷճĪ
ĺһռҵòǺء
ӮҲãҲգҲ޷Ǿϵᡣ
ճӲһ
ǸһĴʱ̳һľ
ǸûзԲҪҷ׹
ǱҪ顣
ҪսԼ䣬ռҾͻԼһû䡣
ôԵȪ֮µڣ
ճɻΪˡ
ճܹӭսһɫĺ꣬һĿս֮вռ
۴սʤǰܣռҵûжȻڡ
뵽ճӹЦһСүүջ˶ٶܸڽֲܵģҼԿ
һ䣬棬ǰһ˾Ϳ
ϸոƮļƬҶɾһɨͱ÷顣
¡սҵæܵ絶Ҳɰզࡣ
үӷˣϵ׳þû֣Ŷ˵վ̾
ոձճӴߣڳоѡ
εɱǵܣѹȫЩ
үүȫ֣ҪֲճͲˡظЩ¡
ûԼүүôֲһ档


396 ̤ɽӣϣ
µģûүոնԳүүѵķ˵Լıӣ
սҵ磬үӸոն֣һͱһߡ
үϾ¹ѩǹĺպʮȥˣҲͱմȾѪɷһҲû١
վһҲǵͷսҵ˵ͬ
ճճӳЦһ˶ƺѩƬƬүӵĲܣңȻԼдƬƬӰ
ү˫а̹һӵճɭ䣬ǰĵӵеģսɱ
񲻹ǿ־ǿϢһѹʵͻ֡
ճﰵһúá
ոնԡЩĵãҪС
ڵĴʦָԼУòĶ֡
ճӱΪѩǹ˶Ϊǹʵճȴףķǹ
ͷǧʮİԲ
ճһֱԼѧİԲýΪѾ˵׶Ρ뻯ĵز
ƾڷ֮ظƴ
ǣһճӱճ̷ԼĲԵúܲá
ճӵĲƺżǿԻ
һ̤ѷ֣ã˺жϳһ
ǡĲѹּ˵סǹʢ֮¹Ȼ顣
۾˶ôܷǹĶأ
ѹɽӿճаݡ
˲ʮУ͸оԼ˫ͬ˸ᣬ֮ޱȡ
һֿ⡣
óɣɻճֺ̬ͣ飬ȴǳԱȡ
ʵѾǸˡ
ΪճʵѾԤϡ
ڵڵĴʦȫֵ£ճӦ·˿ҡ
˽ʮУճֻռһϷ磬ȴûܰתΪʤơ
ү˵ûճûֶεĻǺѽͬ֩벼һĹơ
ճӲƣճҲԽԽ죬ͷðȺ
һתնյıܹʽƵͷһȭȭ淢׹⣬ȻҲȫ֣ޱˡ
˹ʮУճԽԽǼѣȴ󷢣¾ᴩǹԪͻأ
һһȴȫͬƺãڲܵ´ճӵϴ˹ȥ
̤ɽӣ
Ǹոѧġط̤ڽ֮һ̤ӰΣճҲͷԡ
ճһӦճķλ;΢һɾ纬Ѿѹ
Ϊ
ճոձճΧŹ֣ʱȴ˹һȻ
ֿݣأμ졣
ճӸӦϮƷ磬֪ͼǲư䣬תӳӲӡ
ˣ
һ죬ճӵӰǰһ㡣
漴࣡һؿһͿʮ׾룬öճֵ
ճһȭգԶԶվճӣ̾ѡ
ԼͻȻϮŸѧľޱȡȻûȡðʵԵս
ү϶ּᣬԽԽƲ룬ḻ˲С
áڻھսռҿνˣˣҾȫԸҲκβ㡣
ճӴ򵽺棬ճһȣȴûʲôգʮֿģЦ˹
ƽĿһУվվֵˣȴĿɿڴ
ȻǰѾµճ˸ʦֵʸ񣬵ô˵֪Ŀʱޱȵ𺶡
˽ʱ紩ûлӲƴ
ճӵĲǿһճķӦһ֣ܺΣ֮ǰӦ䣬ƺδ֪
츳ʵĽ
ǵ棬ʵ벻ʲô취Դճ
ԾԵʵٶȺȫѹ
ճ취ҳӦԵʽǶκηʽκνǶȳ֣ɵİ취¡
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ոѧʵսУʹϰʮ꣬вûа̻˲ò
¸˵ǰݺһȭճϣ˵ɷӣȻȫүү̫˰ɡ
ճεҪǸղѹ̫󣬲֪֮ͼǱʵ˲ˡ
һг֣˫ƣǰеɱ֡
ճӲһߣͻӭճʮƣһֱ
ճӶԼҵȭȻʮ˽⣬һԼڲƴһƣ֪ʮֲ£Ӷ롣
Ҳһ˽ƵĶ֣ճողƣпȡʤһʤ
ճŮ˵Ҳ΢΢Щ죬оҲסˡ
ʱǱԼˣĻᵣı˴ˣ
ԽԽ˵ˣǵö̽һЩݸ֮ĹΣȻȥ»Ц
ճͷתŲΪ֪ͷȴ˿ԣЦѡ̸ⲽ߶ˡСȻܹڵʦ±ȴöСġ


397 ̤ɽӣ£
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Сèʹ࣬˵ϵӣǼ˼˭ˣѽ廨⣬϶ҪˣҲ²£϶ˣпڸˡ
˵Դ⼸СѾͷճĳ֮󣬾ͿʼоճȻΪǵ鳡
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ÿμҪˣճͻܿġ
ȻҲ벻ʦճϲԼ˳µԼ˵գҲһȤ
ÿһộճϲĲʽȴǺټģһ㶼ҪԼϸ
˵ɣǼСһʲô鷳Ҫҳ֣Сɧţʲô˵¼ˣ
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398 ȭһߣϣ
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Сһ𣬾ͲһӣʵϣճҲǵԼˡ
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ֵø˵ǣԼѺͽʣͲһڼһ죬ճҺܾãҲᵣһ˹òʲôġ
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ڶξھһСһ߷ɳţͻϮŵ̵ʱŵڻнˣʤǿ̬ŵ̡
죬ǵΡ


399 ȭһߣ£
ճܵȵѹͷصĵͷƣһǰ壬ȭ׹΢һֱȭ
ȭֱ΢΢ϸĻ
֪ӽȭĴȭʽ
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⣬ƺһѪӿѪ죬ȴǳǰһˣת˲й
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ʦǸˡֻ֮ΪʱŶ֮ж㲻ȥʱ򣬸õӲƴʱҲƸۣҪ˾ͰƣҲ롣
뵽ճˡ
³Ҳͼֵֻڼ粿׼Ӳһȭ
ȴǻһߣָ罣Ž⣬˺ꡯ죬ҪһӶ䡣
ˣӰһӲĳ˽м䣬һ
һȭճͼ˻ˣҲҪȡȻǰкãӦԷȻû
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ȡȣ
һѪ͵һƫȭͷɲס³ǰתΪˡ
̫ͣؿڷƵǱ˴һȭѪ壬ˡ


400 ڱصãϣ
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Ҳأ
ճ˾裬ڱ䳡ϣֻӷ񣬶飬˫֮ĶԹѾ޿ɵ͡

ũʮʮգɫոܼ͸һɺ⣬Ӧһ졣
ȫææµµ߳ţеϰ࣬ȴгȥ
Ѿ׼ˣǵҲ·ñȱ𴦸һЩʱЩ˼ݰʺ
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Ժպšüëͥţˮ
ͥĬһᣬͣ½ĶЩε˵ģ飬ҲһʱȴһȻϻΪֶȴԼһҪʲôǹܲ˵ġ
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ͥɫɬˣ˵ʲôͼܼҰҰ˳һ飬ˤڵء
壬ôˣɫʮѿ𣿡æ߹ȥ
ٲǰЩصģ̬ӣͿҪ
ȣȿȣû󰭣С㣬ҲҪүˣҲû취ʵȣԱ˽ģүսȻֹһġ
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̾һҲˣҵƾǱһȭ÷飬һڸѪ׷Ҳزˡ
ңҪõռҵġִҲ𲻵ãµȭֻмʮˣƴûаʤ㡣
ǸѵҲֹˣѹˡ
費סģֻܿˣֻϣС࣬Ҫ²źáʱ治ôꡮؼҲ벻һͥЩ׷ڵ˵
ɫʮָӣϹݺᣬƣ롣
ЩҲһֱҸһԼ¡ռսá쾭顣
仯ȴĻҪ졣
ֻ˵ϡ
˭뵽ռɳؾ˻Сأ
ȴһıˣòֶΣĺҲͲүүĻ
һ˵С㣬ү϶֣ʵϾҲΪġ갵׽ô½ĸ֣ĥʻ似ʵү֮ˡ
ĵɫױˡ


401 ڱصã£
ԪԴӰܸճ֮ԸʹӺˬϲȥӪţ䣬Ҳȥ
оһжȻζ˶ۣĿűζ
ͬʱԼ׵ܻܵԪҲĮģЩʹޣΪþΪܵܵǣۣԼ˺ܴ
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ô룬ȫȫǵ˶ôΪԪҲֻܰԼİͷ
ҪӮҪճ꣬Ҫ˻ңүү˵Ҹô죿ԪתͷŻ档
ڳҡҡλεĻ壬оǷ·һܴߵĸģʱŷԼ游ѾˣﶸȻһ˿
ãʤǰܣֻҪ־ûȫпӮʱԪʮ꣬һֱµµΪ󲻻ѹˣϻҼѻҴССһļ巢չΪ֮һ
һľֻ֣Ҫﲻ䣬ȵᣬһӮ񣬾һˡ
еı̸ˣȼ̴
ʲô᣿Ԫ۾һ
α²֪ʲôɣͶԹ˼ʮһҡ̤洫
ļҵʤ洫ǻңңʤһʵһԪʮֲ⡣
ЦһǻûвֵĻȷˡߣ˶Ϊ¾ֹȴϷоӪʮ꣬ܲһ֡ؼֻҪ˾֣Ҿһλá
ɭ˵
ȻֳȥǿⱾؼԪϲ
ģȷֻ֣ܿܵҪõؼԻаǵʵͻһʱ֮ʤ治طˡ
ɸֵŭ


402 ǣϣ
һ䣬־ϸϸ̵
Щ鲻Ҫǰ棬ҪաµȻûҴͷ˭ʤϼӷֱӳͷǿǰѻҼҵƴ⣬ѵ֡
ҪôԪϡͿ
ֲؼϵɣ
ǣ˵ֻҪ˰̰¾ˡ
˰Ǻˣû˲֪
ǲ֪ļ̳˭Ҳ᲻֪Ļ
ֻݡ
Ϊ̰ɫаŮȴ޵īĲ䲻ͣŮܴӳŵﷻȥ
˻һص㣬Ǽúö
ֻҪ˼ȤĶͻ뷽跨ĵõѶȵĻͻ취ñ˼ҲҪŪ֡
ôһƷڲԻľǾȻû۵ʿɵʵһֵ顣
Ȼĵ
ΪǾǿһ˰ȴΪǾĵһ
ôʹޣСȴúúõģñκֻΪһϵ
У⣬ǣǻԲڣѪ˵׶һĹ̡
ӱ㵽㣬һǿ壬˻ý
˱۷壬Ѫɣͻ졣
ʱͲ壬
ڹѳɾͣÿһﵽ˾һһ뢣ɫ
˰ôһһϵ賤ɽ˳ɽôһ֡
ƾһ֮һ壬ѹһͬʱҲǻʼıʿ
ôһϵ˰ĲҲͿˡ
ǻԼ񸮣Ĺƨ飬һҲᡣ
ǵĻ˵ǣСӲ̫£ЩְˣֻҪǷҷЩСС覴Ҳ˴š
ѵش̤ؼϢ˰󣬼Ʋ֮ݣûԪҲɵõһ
ھǣҺͻҳֻСǣ˼Ҿһ׶ͻϵңʵƽȡ
˼Ҳǳ˵ͻĺ滹һҪ˭˭ù
ϲĻԴӰʮǰӲç𣬴ǿ۹ѾҪһ䡣
λʮǰͳɾǿ̫ϻʣɽ֮ǰΪǿࡣ
˳ɽֵܡ
Ҫ˸˳ɽϣ˵򲻴ù⣬ǴùҲҪĻ£һ֡
ôػˣҲѹɽ󴨸ŸɣҲֻܱʾ
޹صΣʵв
ΨһܱߵλҲֻ䵱ɣֻΪ䵱ԪҲ֡
ҲֻԼӱӻ䵱ͽͽɽҲʲô鶼
üıүүհԶԶԶԪ̾ѡ
ѹ˰ԼжٺôԵȴĻ
˱ˣʵԼǿˣ֮ʵһѪ˲ò
ΨһҪǵľǹ˰ʵֵһᣬзȥӾҲûʲôõİ취
ߵıڳ˶ԸһЩУŮѧܵԸҸ־ƨûС
忴˼ֻһЦ˰ʵУСȴиϵʦ֡˵õϢ᲻ʦȥأ
ʦ֣ѵУԪʵ
ˣѵǸç򣬳˹˳Ļ˭ĻҲƫƫռ˾ǳͳλãȨúܡǱ˰˵Ϊ˰ѡؼ׸ʦ˳磬˵Ҳһˡ
Ϊͳ죬˽£ҲǺѡԪ̾Ϣ
̫ˣֻҪָռһҶϣ˭˭Ӯһ׮¡ǹ˰ɱȵ˳ɽˡ
ϵ˰Ԫȥ𣿡ԪԼֵܣζ
ǳ²ĴѾ򷢵ϺСжȥˣͻƵ
ԪһԶزĽ𣿿үүԻԪҲʧ͸ˡ
ںֳô鷳Уǵԣճ֡
֮԰ܣ׾ǰڻԪΪ˴档
ںһź̨ܿܲᷢ¼
ϾǰûԼŮκ´֮Զͷȫʱ⡣
ǲǻԪȥϵ˰˭أ
Ҫº󲻱ǣͲɻҵֳϵ˰Ȼǲ֪ʿ˵
Ԫͷ̣ܽ̾үѹܴü֮λѻҷչ׳ز
λ֪ʿȻ˼ͷµˮ©
ǡ̤ؼ治Ҫ𣿡룬Ԫֺܲĵʵ
ǲ֪Ҳˣֱֵָ֪ĸؼڣκһ֮˶̲ס¹ײΡ
ߣϿԲҪ벶ȸںЦЦã𣿡
ǣסԪͷ
ûһ̣Լүүǰ㹧


403 ǣ£
ռҺҵһ䣬ΪеλĶ֪ˡ
ʮ㣬һõʱ⣬Ҳ
һбԶգɢ΢΢ů⣬Ŀӷβת˶оһ
¾־ڳ⣬ɽ¡
̳˽Ľص㣬ʮȥˣԾûаı䣬ɣҲֻԵûôƾɡ
¾ֽȺһֵʷۼһƬռؼʮĶµլԺƽ̳ɽ£ɽˮŴкϱĴ
ΪŹٷ֯棬¾ֵźܿСͬʱ롣
ɫĴʯʯͷϸƣԷʯͷǿЩ⡣
ŵʯʨӣУͿԶĳϵһ߾޴ӥʯ
ĿϬ
Ǵ¾Ҫ£һн¡
ת񣬶ͷһƬ󳡵ء
ŰУصмʱȴһ˸ߵʯ̨ȫɴĻƳɣϡ·ĺۼ
˵лݵĽ̨
нͬǻ֮俴˳ֲۣ˽ﰵɱ͵ϮʧݣǾͻ̨һ֡
˺һЩǿʤç˻̨֣ݵңҪ˽˶ԹҲ޼֤һս
̨һȦǰ²ʣ
˭˭ǣǿΪ
˭ǾݣȻи޴в֣õĺ÷ڵ˴۱޾޴
ˣ̨ҲһҲ¾ֵı̨Թ
ңݲǸزҲûʸ䡣
ΪǾӭµԵʣ¾Ҳ⣬źͲ죬ʷɣĴƬͥԺһЩϲ⡣
ûеȴòˡ
ǰһľΣŵĲˮм׷ͷڵ̸ЦǾ޸֡
ǰսĻʦܵõһλ
ڻµĲǾûλˣֻΧ̨վ˸㡣
˿ȥͻᷢЩȫǾʮ㣬ȫǸ֡
ſкܴͬЩӸʿû̫Ĺؿԣһɤͦ
󲿷ֿͶͬһȦӣĳĳʡĳĳЩʲôĸ֣˵һҲԵ
仹ûпʼкܶ˴кޱȡ
֣ԶڶɽʡҲϢˣԶһˣҲ̫ˡ
֣ϴһǿ߰û˰ɣʮ㣬Ѫֱ廪ǣӦǿҪͻƻ˰ɣ
أȲ֣ˣεıҿ˵Һռش㿴ıߣ
⻹˵𣿵Ȼǿ꣬ͻͽʱ򣬹Ҳ飬ǳǿʵˣ˶޵ң˵ܸүλƱڸֹв·磬Ѿܰһ
ŵȭʦ˵üɫ裬жʮ㡣
ǣҲôΪȷʵһšǾǣȫأҲҲܸᲢ۵ĺ֮㣬˵ʮճˣʮ˾ʲôãǲŵġ
ĵȻȴ˲ˡ
Աһʮ˵ǿɲһճȻ󣬵ǰѻڵĻԪſµģǾȻ
˵ФŴˡ
Ǵȭʦڲд֮УճЩŹЩʱվ͸úõһȭӱһ˵λӡ
أ
ճʵԽԽǿսԽԽ뺷˼Ҳûˣʣµȫ
С㽭ʱǽͷβɱգФȨĻֻԼʵԼһС
ܱôФȻճǿһ㡣
Щһ˻ڰ׶δתȭʦһҲˡճǿֻΪûмĳ֣˵ԼһЩФﰵ롣
ʮĺ֮ǿ⣬ڳ֮С
ʮ˾Ҳ̫ˣСͻѧУأȥ
ôСֵǲͬǵĿ㱾Ϊ۹Ǻã
ֱ˵ָϲÿʵ
ȭʦҲΧ£ǲ䡣
ǵ۹ܺͽ˵һ㶼ûҲճпӮ
˸ոʳûü鷳һ˽˵һ׵ˣ˹
ʦ
ȥǰαϯϣȺ˵Ҳǹˣ
ؼǣ˵ˣҲʶģĶţͬһͰˮͷϡ
ɫ˼䣬Ц˵ԭȭĸʦλſؾФ˰ɣҸջû֣ԭФֵܵĹҲ˰۷壬ʵǺη


404 һϣ
ȫûиղָ㽭ɽ̸ţֲʲôˣΪ˶ô
˸ոʵĻЦΥЦ˵ȴǰпࡣ
˼һʦԳͷ⻹ʲô˵ġ
ʵˣֻзķݣôʵ
ո˵̫Ҫ˵ģһ˲У˵ʦͽǱƢҪǱǼǺ޿ɾͲˡ
æԲ˵ҿФֵôᣬʵͺǿ󣬱ճҲ࣬ոǲԣ˵СЩˡ
ұճʵʮǧǲͲҪҽЦ
ФȻζʮػص
ԸһһȲ˾ֱ˵
ԣȻ죬ȴճһЩ档
ճӮ˻ڣھҲǺܴĻһԪ˿ƾ汾£ĳЩ˵ǰȡʤ
λ۷ŵӶʮ֣涼˵һ䲻
һ俴
˰˼һЩת䣬ȴԱڴˡ
ǴӺԶĵطĦ䣬Ϊ˿ʵı䡣
˵ȭ۽磬ʵý
ϡѧϡ
˹꣬Щ˶ͻƳɻʦĿЩ˻Ҫǿࡣ
Ͼһͣȭ͸ͻƾ硣
һȵѪʼ˥ܼ٣ҪٽٲܡֻܶʶϣҵͻƵķΪ룬Ҫ˵жôֻ֪ȴܲ
Ǳ쳵һȥֱܿûʲô̫
ԣⳡ䣬ʵ˲ĵģ޹ʤֻںʲʣܴܲеõջ
ճǲĶ֣²ؼ߸߹𣬹ƨ£̸̸ֻ˵˵񫡣
ФƢʦͽͣ첻˵ȴû˼ɡ
˸ԷԼ󲿷˶ճӮĻᡣ
ʵ̫ˡ
ʮ꣬Ȼź֮ĻӣѾҸֿ
۴ϡǵλ϶Ǹոճճܱġ
СһҪúÿʵҲ˺ܶ࣬ʮͷȡ˳ɾͣѧһаʽҲżô
ȺΧһҲڽߵͽܡ
һĺ׳ʵݺɫЩۣʮ߰꣬ǸǴѧ
ʱ˷ܵĿˣȫʦĸ֣ѵһμࡣ
һȴСʮͣβ裬ʱ⿴ϯ̨Ͼĸʦʦ
ЩŲϹãǽԺϷһ㣬ڳվŵĻ¿ʹǲͬ
СĽĿ˿ջĿ⡣
֪治ԼСֱȥģʦΪǳȭʦҲûʸ¾ֵõһλ
кܶ˵뻯ʦУֻϣھеλ
һܴ
׺ѡ
ŵʱֻҪ㶼һɾͣӮ߰˸Сһ㡣
ԽԽѡ
ͨʦ֮·أһرһѡ
ÿͻһ磬˵õʵĸõ
ǻһأ֪ѵ˶־ʿЩǷϣֱȻϣ
ȻһͻƳΪʦ֮󣬵λͻôΪͬ
һ뻯ͳʦνʦȭԼó֮Կͽӵܣʦ֮µͽֻ˵ʯͷӣ̺ý̻ȫƾ
ִУʦżص塣
ǾѾԶ
һˮ롣
׶Σ鷸ƣٷ׷ҲǺ޷֮
ҲǵıǮ
ЩʦƸ֣ҪǷ£ܱһЩͨǹץȥ裬˵ݵλҲǸ߲ġ
ھָƵĵؽ磬ʦҲǵλܸߵĴڣȥᱻԡʦơ
¾ͣҲܻüأսĳϣԼϯλ
ʦ֣˵ʦճȭ䣬ʦôȥѧȥѧʽأСԻʵ
ȻǱ䣬Ȼ˫ʵ࣬Χۡ
СѧҲ
Ϊʲôڳô˶ףȫΪճ䣬Ӯ
Сӱھж飬ոͻҲǳСżС֡
ȻʵȴǳĽż䡣
ΪƽϲĸѧԺϢճںӰѧԺ¶һֵƵӮս磬ǿġ
ͬеĸ֣Ȼʮ֣ʱһãͰճżˡ
ԼõȭʦճôСӱʱЩ


405 һ£
ʦðҸ㲻ҪȥǸճʵǴûʲô˲𡣡
ļҲǲ֪ʦ˵ս飬綼Ҫĥֻһ꣬ǿҲޣһһжס
ܣϹ˵
Сˣʦֺģһֻ
ôܣҸ㣬ɲݵӰɲѧЩ˧ͬѧЩһСֱͷˡ
ߣû˵ԼΪճҲǿǳԲѾ˵ĵͣҿ¡
С˵ͻȻеһӰ
תͷ¾ſڷֻһȺתʯӥ˹
ΪһȳƣüĿӢͦһϸϸĽɫƣʮֺһҼá
˲ǴżΪ壬ʸǸ䣬ûʲô¶ȡ
ͷ­΢΢ƺڸΧˣȴû˸оʲôס
ΪͲȴһ˵ɱ
ֻҪ߽Ӵ͸оܲ᲻ܿ
ǳλɵȡ
꣡
ôųǰ˸ˣӦ侩Ƿֲȭְɣ˵еSȭ֣
ţǸӴĴʶSȭ֡񡯣ϸ»ȭءһȾɨ̩ȭĲײޱȡ
ǱȻʦҪˣô˹ĸꣿ
ȻǾֲĲûϵ
ȭϵͳΪҪűһжʤΪʵܷڣû˻Ļ
˿ǱΪ񡯵ȭ̧֣ͷ˹ȺҰֻǿžܸоһɷɱ
Сģ̾鵨ɵõͷش
󲿷ȭȭȭʦһȭݵȭ֣ŶصѵϵͳһδɱҲЩǿʳԸȫɱϵѪʿ
Ϊȭǿȭ֣ȡѡ֣׺Բ˵
ļΪߴԼһ׾ŰˣϼʵǿϢΪǿһͺѶԸ
ȴһںಽʮֹ
˾ͻ֪Ƿĵľǰ꣬װģ
߸ȭȫĸߴϢ׺۳βͬͬһЩ˶ʵս֣ûӻ
һˣܰڳԹ۾ųɾŵȭʦȥ
СŸԼżճ˵һĻתͷֻԶԶһˣһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ҲȺʵʵʵѹһƬհףٿǰͬһ꣬ɥֻ֮ҪôĶ֣ճܴù𣿡
αϯϵ޸ֻޱ鲻Ϊ¸ۿĿȫɵۡ
뵽ʵΪǿ󣬵Ҳû뵽ǿ
ŵİ˸ȭ֣ǵĸӦͱαϯϴʦҪ󣬸οǰꡣ
ĬĬĸţĵߴ
Ȩѹȣڸ翵ǿʵȽϣȴǸԵֱһЩ
΢΢һڣ˾ͣվڿ̨һ಻Զ
Щηóһյأȴûȥ׽
ȭɭ䣬̫Ⱥһ£˲뽻̸ԭʵΪ˫һˡ
ȭȻǿ󣬾ܶɱʵս֣ڴͳЩȴûʲô̡
Ϊɱ˶ɱ˵ߣѾ;
ȻҲʵսһײкݶЩ׷߽ܴеʿȴԼĿģΪɱɱ
ܹ˵ͨͲ֣ܲ򲻴򡭡
ܶȦΪϵңһԲϾͳַʵǲԵġ
Ƿغһˡ
ֻǵ޿ˣбõػĶŻƴһУҲ֮١
òϰ򵽴һزһЩݵλûʮֱҪŴ
νӲΣǽ֮¡ơǧ֮ӣá
һӵλݡƲ֮ĶˣͻϧԼ֮׵
ܼ򵥡
༸ʮ꣬˵ĵزʱȥǵѪȥƴɱˣ˲ǷӣǱ̬
ͬǣȭݵȭˣ˵ȭݵһƶȰΪˡ
ǵɱѾΪ̬ܶȭһϲմѪɱ˶ƽȤ
ڹʿȫ⡣
˸ȭվһ飬ֳ¶õ֣ƺβûɨһ³ߵĹڣֱʯ̨ȥ
˳̨׻ȥվ̨Уֻ΢΢żαϯ˹ֵл¾λԼλ֤ͬұףҴڴˣճأĪǲˣռ׼Ȩ


406 ˭棨ϣ
ĿˢˢżαϯϿȥҼͥһԡ
Ŀ⿴ʯ̨֮ϵַ꣬·ʲôҲûֻǵķ㶡
Ƶİ˳ơơĻڸ֣ʵսΪǿ
ҲûʲôֻǾĵͷȴ˿ʵʵƣתŲΪ֪ͷ
Ȧдû̫ܣֻҪһ˶֪
Ϊ赲սһֻƵ£ϸ֪Ķ֪ˡ
֮ү֮£˶ǲ̫ĵġ
¾־ֳȭʦҲ̫¡
֮˱ΪԼˣ־ᶨһºѱӰԼ뷨һ˵ǸԶǿ
ͳһ£Ҳȥף쳳¡
ϰ书ļ壬һֿܣǾǴ˭ǿͰ˭˵Ļ¡
Ȼ˼սô϶ռϷ硣
Ҳѹһˣ¾ӢȫˣⲻʾҲпǷпܶľٶ
ſԱ⻯ʦȭָߣ겻Żķ᲻ĸӲƴ
ԼαϯϵҲж𾴣ʵǿΨһɡ
ǻ¾֤˴ﵽĿģпܣȭʩĶҲ
һ֮󣬾̧ͷŴ
˼ǲռˣһϵ˹
ͥϼһҲܲסԽԽˡ
𣬾ͼͷ׾ȵճ˳ߵĻһŵˣһźĸԱ˹ֺ
ж֮䣬ȫûһ˿ѪȴͬɽɢѹȻǵʦ
ֻдʦȫѪ뵤Ѫչֳͨ˵ļͨһ
ǵȴǸˣһһŮ
еʮ˾꣬Ϊᣬü֮ȴûʲôƽͣ񲨹̣˿˼롣
˸оúַܽ·úԶض䡣
ŮݾͦȣƫƫһصӢ֮ϸ۾ܼǳķ΢΢бһѹֲסķ飬Ʋ۾
ľһ
ڳ˶ǰһʣóɫ
Ů˾ޣ˾޵ʵˡ
ʱϢٲͨˣҲ֪ʮ˾˾ճˡ
ǣǰʦߵľŮӣȥ˵ߣ޷˲ע⵽
ƺǹԴġ
Ҳûʲôرı֣Ȳʾ׺ͣҲǰ߰ϣҲǰλʦһͨһķӹ档
ĳҲر
ǣĸһߣҵĿȴľͻῴ
Ϊαǵԭ򣬶һȻȻ
ȺǱӹӱֵòҪѹؽеǾżճˣ˧˧ûһǸ֣ȴݰ
Уʲôҿƽúܣ͸ڴϿͨѧ࣬ûʲôĵط˧ˣҿҪǿ
ʦֿʼգʦֺǳζһû˵
ߣ˵壬ֻǿ˲ܷճǿҲܿͲҲ򲻹ˡӱһʧ̾Ϣ˵紦ӣá˵û±ƵҲûˣֵ㲻
С˽ҶѵģúʦֱץʦÿճʱðСǸðɡ
ǣʦֵȴܷŭҲҷŭ
ԭܼ򵥣򲻹Լʦá
ǳʦȥҲռ
뵽ʦͼԼӡޱǿʦʱǸƽˣȫ𺶣ﻹ
ʦº棬һȴʦԭ˵ÿһο粽ÿһλӱۣȻĿȫº˾ȫֵȻܸһ̵֮ѵʮʹﵽ˺һĵز𣿡
⵱ȻǲܵģҲɴ˿ԿճǱɾͲ
ϧ̫ϧˡ̾ϢҲһ̾Ϣƺ˴ʱڱͬһ뷨
ʦڿϧʲôʦĿҪˣѵʦܿԼĶʦҲˡ
ľô𣿡аţ޴Ĵ˻ɡ
תͷͽ˵ճȷ˾޵ţҲţʵҪǿϺܶࡣһȼı䣬ôţҲֻսܣ˵֮ĶԹŲĳޣȻܣǾһ
ϧѵһŽս̾Ϣ
˵źϧ


407 ˭棨£
ʦֺͱʦûûü˵̨Ѿ˵ˣճ㾹Ȼûͷڹ꣬еҲֻ֤޴
ôճѾɢɭĺ
һɱӿֱָճܵɱ⣬ȫƿ㿪һԡ
֮ǿз
ճһƲЦ㼱ʲôȥͶ̥ôҲҿսƷҪӮ֮ȴǿæһ
αϯһ˹ݵվмϯλֳ΢΢ͷ˵˫ѸԶע֤ʤӮߣóɡ
Ӧ֮⡣
ұΪ˶עű䣬ȻҪʵܿʼͷԼ
΢΢һЦڻͳһľУһľоͷɹɾ롭
ĵһӡ
ָոմľУɫͻ䣬ȫͷ֨֨죬һ
žһ˽ϵЬըʯͷҲųһǳǳӣһѪӿסΡ
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ۼȫóһһ£ƺʲôȻǱ˦ľѪӿѪ
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䣬ͼǰһһѾվǰִӻͳһҳЦ˵һ
ԶһžվԼǰճһһʱ˽סݹ鱾
ⶼʲô˰ôߵģҾȻûз֣ҪǸԵУʱѾˡԶֽӹ鱾ʮ־ɥ
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һȴǲҶ£ճĿ֮°ѺӺϣķŵ¾־ֳǰȻһԲת
Զϴʱȴһ仰˵ˣ˸Ĵ̫ͬǻоԼǲͬһΡ
ҲǾĵģһʱ֮û˵ǰճЩȭʦʱҲǳĬ
û뵽ճô죿ո˭ôܵԶϵȥǰռˡ
Щ˶΢΢ҡһ£ּᶨ˼
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ͥ̾һĬһ£˵ѧһЩϡŹֵľУɲӦҲ˵֣֪ճûʲô׼ʵڲУ㻹ɣ˰ȫͺá
ףѵճͺɣûͽռ䣬붼롣
ճӲ˻ȥȴЩ顣
ֻӳľеľٶʵǳʾ
Ϊ֣ҲӳһľУͰһʦִˡ
ǿĹѾӾɡ
һΣ˶ս֮ʱѹ
ճܵסճѾû˰ա
˺˼䣬͸һԲǿҲر顣
ǰѾǿʱ֪ԭȫСˡ
ܸʦƴϢӦòм٣ʵ֮ǿѾȫ泬˵ڴʦִɲۻԵ
Լ볡ϣʱţûаʤ㣬϶ࡣ


408 ϣ
ճʯ̨ûʲô顣
Դӷϵսһ֪ϣֻû뵽ôѡ
սȴǱҪϣԲˡģϵճԲ⡣
սɱѡķŹҲҪˣ·Ͳʺ
ʵûгճ֮⣬ȻһЩϲ
νһ߶֪ȫ
ۻǿᣬȫԼԼ͸һɰ
ճ̨һԣ͸оͣʾƤ淺𵭵⣬ͬѻǹ׼һ㡣
һȴֻĳλȫһ뷢䡣
Լκһп⵽Է
˶վ˭û˵
䣬ɱء
ճɫƽףƺȼŻ档
ԽΣգԽܼԼǱ
֪ǰ֣ԼûϹĴУ۹־ͬСɡ
һСģͺܿ޵
ҲΪˣԼõĥӶԼȭõ
ĥ³
ʱգҵĥʯֻҪܴҾͿɰѹֱ򻯾Բʸȥһ¡
ճоһսҪоȡʤԷ̾пɹӴһɳ졣
һ
ֻαϯһ˳һͣͳˡ
һ粽ǰˡһ̨ƺҡһ£ȳһӡھ޴ʯʮۡ
׾һһȭΣ⣬ȭ˰Σճ䡣
ֻܻζǰȫӰ⣬Щ
һȭ

ճӦһһңͶ޿赲ѹ֮ƣͬѪսɳŴž޴ȷӭ
ˣܶ㣡
ճˮӳһȭĹ켣ûκζжֻͬƽÿĳһ
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й֪Σճ·磬ϣҵ̵İ취Ϸ磬ƴȥСҪʤ׷ˡ
Фǵģ
ոţȴȻˡ
ֻ̨ϵһ˿Ūɫһ࣬һǸ΢΢ƽϢȥ
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ڳȭʦϺ۷ϢҴҸ˵ǿ䣬ʵ˵˼뿴εǿ͡
ǵʮƿһȭݣΪǵؽָĴм±ǿ׳ʵҲվ˹Ľˡ
ָֺڵǰ䣬ܿһֻԵ
˭ֻҪܸܵƣѧ֣ʵ˵ΣҲյһЩӪԼ۽磬Ժͻƿżô
飬·
»ȭҪһḻ
Խ࣬ʶԽ㣬ԽῪǡ
ָʲôʱһ򣬾ͻῴǰĵ·
ꡰ̽һʽ˳ܿתƺ̨ͻȻһУճӰޱС
һ꣬Ǵ֣һװ˵ģֱǴ󽫽ףѪ̣ͬͺһճеٽһȭ
ףǰ塣
ǰһûʲô仯ԾǸ˻
һȴǵȭ˫ַ̤ǣݻ̫
ٽճߣһȭתͷ¡
ȭδоһžıɼ


409 £
Ӳӡ
ճ৵һվʧе
ȣû뵽ֽУó־ȻռҪõеġ̤ֳ֮ԪƺҲˡ
ͬСɣԼԪ仯ǿȭżǿĸЧ
ο껹ճһȭ֮ǰʹ䵱طǿ
˵ڻ۷Ļǧó̫Ĵ֮ٿԴﵽǧٽóǲӳ֣ɴﵽǧٽټϡǿһȭ䱬㳬ǧ
ǧʲôְȭССȭͷ֮ϱǰһǽҲᱻһȭϡãȭ֮ŤĿܿȭε͡
һβ̨¹ȫʧ̨ϵļλʦҲɫ䣬еԽһ¾ʧ١
㣬ϵȫҲֻ𻯾ǿһǧﵽǧ㵤ôڵҲܳǧһȭѾѴڴʦԶԶ˦ݵǲȡ
ǿһƾͺԡ
ＫȺڣǰճȭǿʵսƴ飬ڵǵʱԼһν̵ǡȭһߡճȥˣʱóѰ·
ȭһߡ˻ˣҲֻ˭пӮ¡
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ճһȫĲѣճ΢΢һӣǰһĿĳȭӣӽȭϸ壬ŰԲȽ
֪ǿǿļӣǰʱճʹá
˫ȭͦذαңƺʱܴǿһȭ
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ճӡ֮»ǶԵУϴӲԿСйأ¶ƽϳɰܵʧ
᲻ջôˣηչճһ嶯ľ䵱꣬Ҫ˵һҪһȭ֣ҲǲԣԱ˼Ҳܶ£ǿޣֻܱ˴
ԣĬĬϰȵϸ˲׼תȭ֣һ̾һࡣ
һͷ԰ȵˣ˴Ĵ⻰ָǮңչ˺ã
˵ڰĲκãԽԽںһĶֵϣϻһֻз
һײѧϣѵá
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ճǾĴʣǽƻĻǻǵĴôһǵˣ᷸˵ͼ
Ȼᡣ
ճ֮ҪӲƴʵǲòӲƴ
˵Ӳƴĺôʦ̵νȭһߡ
ȻʵˣһߣŪþͱˡȭһ
оƬɨУһȭϵɫϢڲһ⡣
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תΪ֮ᡣ
Ϣһ˽ۺʡ
˵ɫɫɫɫȻȻɫҪǿࡣճȴûмһ˾δͻƣϵϢȴ˱仯ġ
ǵһ
ؼĻϢı仯ճոʵʱȻԼϵϢȻüΪȻҪ˻ɰɫ
Ѳɻ𣿻˵һսŸԶ塣
ʤҪʤƯʤ
ЩŻ͵ϮһŲã˭˭ù
ճһ
ĵС˵͵ӰмƵĳЩ˸տʼʱʱĳʲô鶼˳˳ˮ޲⣬̶Ե֮ʱͬ
ĳһǿУΪһ΢ľͻܵòҲ̶ãȻӴһ겻񣬴Ӵ˰


410 ̻ᣨϣ
ۣһսУ֪ˡʧʱȱʵҪ
˵˵˥ǵǲΪ֪һЩСС֮С
ÿһʧ߶ͻʧܣҲ־
죬һıӢۣսһ̣Ҳͷʤһ㲻֪ܲ١ȴ˼㡣
ݣ־̳ڡ
Դ˿ȻŸͷս˶ͷ˵־У˭ţ
ǣȻѣʧȥôҲ졣
ٿʵǿտʼʱ˦֪֣ʵǿһͿѴɢĹ
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ճϢı仯ԺȴʯһΪܵࡣ
ԲˣǲˣʵǲˡԽǲ׺ԽӢ۱ɫ
ճһᣬ̸ı˾ƮӶȻһ
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ӭⷭһճȴǰ벽áֻȭѩ׹⣬֮ҲԻĿâ
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Ȼһ̫ˣһʤóжϣճȻôơ
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ճҲˣȭϹ۾İ׹ô£ѵ񻰹µ𣿡
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һ죬涼ЩһɳҴʯذ϶֮бƮ
ΧһƺܲӲƴನ
ʵϣ˽һȭΪΪۣûз̫һײֻ˵С
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ճɫһ죬岻͡⡱ֱоȫ飬һʱ᲻
ķֱæһǿѹ¡
꣬ҲûռˣȴǱһЩ
㣬鼸ʯĲһһͷԵڵء
ɫ죬ѪȻˡ
ôܣӲƴл·磬ˡ
һдȺ˶һȻˣɴ󻩡
ȭӲƴ겻ûȡеսճռϷ磬ǰ˭š
ճǻôҲܱȵĻ۷尡Ρ
һȭʦŵ˵
˵ҲûͬʱóϳţӳǱܡ
ճǻڣǻ۷壬ô룬Ӧóս
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˿Ψмαϯϵô¡
ֻ䵱͡ǲȭȴû뵽ճˡ򹦡ȭ⡯˼
ҪǣճĻʵΪǰǱΡ
Ϊùʹ֮ᡱ
ͨʦճݡȫǿϺܶࡣ
ֻǻʦҲܸ۷ȼ硣
֯߿ƼĽᾧǵС
ȫ󹥻ܴﵽǧ࣬ճšȭ⡯͡򡯡˼ӳȫֻǿһЩ
ڸӳ֮£ӲƴһȭѹһͷҲ֡
ãұУҵģڡȭ£Ҳҫɫ͵ͨ죬ŭӣѪͷˡ
һ˫Ʊգóһֵȭӣ˫ȭȭͷ⣬΢΢ϢͻȻóͬҽȫԲһ塣
һζȭȻȫ


411 ̻ᣨ£
ճһȭǰ׷ȴȭһ䣬ȻѾ̫ȭˣ΢΢ͣˣϢޱȡ
·𿴵һɽɽ룬汼ǰһɲǾֹ
һͷƴ˵İ쵾޻ȷɷɨȫ
ȭδһͶĸоѳѹճͷ
ʲôȭӦþְѼɽ̫ʯ÷ľˣû´ĻȼѪɣ˼ȭҲͲڷ
ճȭһˣ֪Լʱȥ׷ȴ
¼ӻԲ޼ƫƫȶͱ
ϵѪȼգĹ϶ǼΪǿ
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룬Իûء
һ˿죬ճоΪ̾һȭδǰùԷȻܿԼȭеΣڡ
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ѣһ졣
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Ϊûɡȭ°벿оѪ٣Щѹסˡ
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αϯһֱ΢Ц۱ȶгΪ۳ʲô˭˭ôϣʱȴͦñֱ˫ĿƵĿȭӣ̲ס˵
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ͥȴǿЦһҵȭֳֻҪϸһ£֪ߵȫһ·ӡ
ף
ˡ
ѪΪýԪ壬ǲٿԪķšһֻ˵ʿó˵Ҳǽַ߲󷨲ȴҲû˭ֻܲٿصġ
һ߳˵ȴҲЩˣ꣬Ȼʮֵǡ
ߣ⻹ô¿ɲôҳƿȭݣӾǻȭϣȫһҪ˵ûдŪʲôô˭ţһһԵ
ԭˣ̾Ϣһ
Ϻ˵òΪֵܾľֳΪҲš
ΪҥԣΪһЩĨ꣬ʱȫȭȴǲ֤
˳ȥԺھᡮĸȭΣôһڰпţ˭ҷǰؾºԺ
ҲǺ޹˼ɵ˳ӦŰӦԸ
һʤõ̤ƶطʵʱ򣬾¾ֶѹס
һ⣬üͷ
ĬĬͥİͻȻڵǡȭΪҸʱֻǱԪ𣬾ͱƣΪˡ
֣ճʲôԼءˣ
ԴӽӹľжһִйԶϾһԣʱȴȳ
Ǽαϯ˶꣬ôһ̾ȻʧȥճϢ
˾ǰ̨ϣ˵棬ƺճѾڴ˼䣬úԶ
һء־
ⲢʾֻǶصս
Ϊڳ˶ˣϢӴѹ˴ȴȫûһ˵ճס
һֺܹŹֵ̬ơ


412 һնϣ
ϸϸ֮Ӧһ£̳̾ͽܰĽʡ
ͷһۣ˵ѾͷͽȫǼģԼû
ճһƵ˵ճʵȻôǿϷȻûпǰ֮ʱ˵ƣȭѾˣҶӲס
ǰǰȷʵη
ǿƹ֪ûеƣֻᷭһţ
ֻ۾Ź⿴̨ϣĬĬ߶һŵƣʱãʱ
һʦʦȫڴĿճڴѾﵽֵ

ճ˫ǰһַһָֽĿ۹۱ǡǹģȴһǰӵ̬ȫͬ仯ֻ֮䡣
˵ǰԹ֮ʱǵصȥĿˣȴɽһ׵̶
ȻǱƵúˣڳ˭ûϿһʾ
ֵĸоһİ
ճʱͬһʯͷһСݣȻķкۣһղѩѹ
ʼΰء
ˣֻһ仰ݣǾǡھԨ֮¡
˶ţﻢ¡ѵľȻꡣ
ճһ۾Ϳȭأ֪ʱȹΣգֻҪܵһġȭͻҽһУȼһС
ճȴᡣ
ȫѪأֻѹƲסƣ
ǿĵطĵطֻҪͻʱԼֵʱ
вҲȶ
ճͷѩĸȭͷһһʣϳ˹ӦԴʱ״
궪ǧ̫ȭ̰ͼǿóԼƿصġȭʧ֮䣬ԼҲǿס
ճȴһ塣
֮ǿ󣬲ǵĳǿ漰棬ǹܡ񾭷Ӧۺ
ͼһǲС
ʱʼ̫ȭÿһÿһʽȻȻ뻯ȻѧġȭҪ࣬ʵҲźܴŵ㡣
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óյνɱﵣԸκһ˶ǴԸճȴҴˡ
һȭʦӦԲ˽似ܻΪδ֪ţճᡣ
ĵƲסԼľйòǿг֣Ȼڶֹһ˲䣬׽סԹԹ
ʤʤ
ճ걼Ĺоһȴһ
ˣȭǧӲӡƢһճվԭزƺѾס
󼱣ٹ˲󣬾
㿪Ǻܺһ˥ߣֻҪ꼸Упʤ
Фһȭгһ˶ͷӰȭͷδճϵƤѹ΢΢ݡ
ľս֮£һ仰вֻźš
ӱȴסԼͣˮתѾ̫ҿճһ̾ͻᱻࡣ
߾̾Ϣ˷Ŀ֮£˶龪ţһȭֱ޷ֱӡ
αϯ˶ֱ壬ʮࡣ
ǰôȭһȭҲͷ𺶡
ΪҲ벻Ŀ񱩹ճҪôԡ
һȭԼȭ汼ڵ¶΢Цƺһ̾ҪóԸҪǰ֪ߵغСӴ÷ǡ
ҸӲƴĴ̫ԴҲԹˣģһѡ̤ġ
Ѿʤ⣬ȴʱпճ΢΢ǰ߲ʹâһ￩һ£в
ȭҪ֮ʱճˡ
üĴһ߲СͻأֳͬӰһ㣬һ־ֱͷ­
ǡ֮
ûճͲһˡ
͵һȭʽϲӦĻᣬ񻯽ûиܵĻᣬֱС
ʮ֮һ룬ǱĻͷ΢΢ɢңȭҲ΢ɲͣһɲǡ
ʱճһȣнָһӣ̨һ⣬廯һŹӰϢĴһ
ǰһͼ̨ͻȻ֮任һλãײײ嵽ճԭ֮Ҳ
ճȴǲ֪ʱѾվʯ̨Уꡣ
Ǹطոշ֮
˫˻âһλñ仯ܶ˶û巢ʲô顣
ʲôˣ˭ӮˣվŲġФʱŻָоԼֱæתͷԼʦ
Ҳ
Ф䣬˷һ˶һ顣
æתͷ̨ϣͼŤͷظѪͬȪһ㡰̡ӿһƬѪ
ţϰͻȻȥڵûϢһ仰û˵
ո˽ǱճΣͣͬҲһն


413 һն£
Į̨̆һƬţֻԶķҶ죬ųǵѪζ
һ̻ޣɽӣգۼȴΪصڵϣ˽֮п˶һʱԡ
Ҹոտģƺǽ⣬ճָɽһͰնˡ
ãһȭʦųһܳƵա
һ仰۷׷
ǽԭֻܵԪǿճҲǻģһֱû˵һУصú
һϬޱȵĽճڹ֮ǰһü֮ǰ߲СӦô˵еġ񻯽ľǿΪһϮŻṥɢұͻƣôǿܵÿʹƲסƨûС
üɫĸФ͵ФͷȻ
ˣȻܿճսԼʽ
ʱֻ경ƣѾ
ȴÿһԶҲǿޱȡ
һֱΪԼռϷ磬ϧֱһ̣֪ռйơ
ճһһŵĵƶ˴Ŀģ˭Ҳ֪ʹʲôС
ǿɱ
ճġһһˡʵ飬ʮȡ˳ɾͣԺߵһֱ޷Ԥϡһͷȭʦ̾ѡ
Աһͣٿճ޲ɵøͬܡ

һʽ̤ɽӣϷ̾簡ճ̾Ϣһ
͵ۿһͥ磬ʬһԲ֪Ҳ϶֣ʱǰٸн
Ҫ˵ʲôֳĬ
ȻЩ棬չ˻̨ϣͥҲѹġ
ôοҲֲͷʹοôҲֲճο
˷ĿеĶԹѾΪһ顣
˸ȭִʱվ̨£ոյµʱЩӦʱȴȫĬûһ̨ճ鷳
ʱףǫ̃̄ϻľӢûһɵӣȻΪһ˶ȥճˡ
ճսҲˣ֪Լȥ£Ҳֻˡ
οǵУֻһ˾ǿߣȫùϵû̫顣
Ϊȭݵȭ֣ǻΪǮƣΪԵ֮⣬ʵҲҪʲô顣
ҲܹѪ飬Ϊǫ̃̄ˡ

ճһն꣬ܵ彣ԪһȫϮһĵİͺʱԭСƬοȥ
˼ɫӲ԰ֱú
׼õĶԲߡ
̫˭䣬ܻ˼Լĵơ
ճżԼóŽ͡طֱӽսĻҲܹ˲ǿָٶȳ
²ʤǰܣ׼á
ڴսĻҪóȭ֮󣬹Ȼǿ࣬Ҳࡣ
һֱʹ̫ȭпܶһͻϮģҲֻһЩˣֱӶ
ճͷʬ壬ȴûһ˿
ӵܽϣϼȷָ£ҲκһξָŶֻ飬ճȻҲᡣ
ȻҪԼõĽȥ
ճ򹦷Ѿɢ±ͦݣƽˮƺոյսûﷺ㲨
˿̨ϵˣȻһ־ηǶǿߵأԽǸʵǿˣ˼Խԡ
ճû˵۹⣬оһůӸĵ;ܿͻָ۷塣
վʯ̨ϣĬĬԲ壬һ
Ϊһֵ飬˲λůƺ޾
ǰó֮󣬷˲λ״ָ̬Ȼͻֹͣȴ
о˷һε壬Ѫ纣İֹ
ļ⡢֨޷ԶԺƺ죬ȴǽƿؿ
һޱ泩ĸо
ճ΢΢˫ۣʱܵɫãڽ˽ȭʦƾһ
ǼαϯϱʹִйԶϣʱ޵ĿϵĺӣŹܡ
׵Ļ̫ү壬ҲĵĿؼڼӿ죬ְȴ
ճӸοԼԵ˸̸ЦǼãϲãһظİЦݡ
ճĵȭͷʮ־ȡ
Լ̶̵ʮʱ֮ڣȫˣǲþҲܰڳÿһϸ΢ı鿴ÿһ仰װס
ԲһѪ飬⾹ȻͻΣֱӴﵽ˻ھ磬Ѿż
սǰҵԤоûгһսˣ𣬶Ҳһɳ죬ֱͻƵӴֿ⣬ǰƽ


414 ӵϣ
ÿһʱг飬ȻһλǡӸոճ˳˳ˮ֮ͬлҲԿ֮ˣȻǣԲŻھ֮бƵֻӲƴѹơ
ڣһйˡ
ճ˿꣬Ļ̨ȥ
ѪҲصøһЩһͻʵȴǲñ֪
ڶ˻¡
֮Ǳ̤ش⡣
ճĬĬţǿᾫܵεĶ⡣
Цһеǰȥ
ֳıӮ˰ɣճеȻԺ𾪵۹⿴ԼЩͷ̲סʵ
ҪȰѶע˰ѵ֪Һļô
еһ㶣ԼԴʧЦңЩϺͿˣⳡΪ֤Ȼ㻹˭ʤ궼ˣӮҲע
תͷճӣƺѯͷ
Ͼʱעʱռҵ壬սҲǣֱܲӰⱾؼճ
˵ʵϰףһУֻгսƷͲƲķȨǧТιɲ˵Ц
ճӵͷ˵ⶫǸճϰģοԼӮ˵ⱾؼҲѡˣһ˾ѧᡣϷ˼ʮ꣬Ȼùʵûղء
Լѧᡮһ㶼ö
ճѧᣬռҺ˾ѾܺãĵҲǿ
ʮȥˣʧʧˡ
ҹƲѧᣬͷҲûѧᡣ
ճ̧ȥͻȻ˵һ䡣
ͥѾվ׼꣬⻰ͣ½Ų˵ûҴкܽʣҸûѧᣬҲɡСõⱾؼԺܹƼãҲûʲôźˡ
˵껰͵ͷʯ̨ȥĿճһۣಽĸͥ뿪
ͷĶԻճڶУȴһ
֪ΪԼڻ
ҲֻԼܷڿ޼֮ڳ඼ڰؼ⡣
ǼȻ˵ѧϰҴеÿ츳ͲǼٻϾݵλˣΪ˶һ棬ſڿӡ
Ϊһ˭õѧ߱飬Ȼ˸ȤõĴۼҲϧ
㹻棬Ҳֵõģ˵ʱкܶ
ճӸͥ˵֮󣬾ͻôһЩ˿Ƿֵˡ
ΪһԼѧؼӶңճͬӲƴĺ֮ᡣ
պ治ȵ£ź˻ðա
ֵá
尲ĴһԣճӡͥĻһ±ĮȻ
ɲˣ֮£Ӳű˵ĶĪ˵Լֻǵ;˵Թѧ̫ᣬҲöԼβŻġ
ǺЦһȻҶû飬ôⱾ̤طӴ˾͹ճҸǲ󱲶ᱦ֮ʹ˽ᣬ˭ҲΪ֮ˣɱ¾ֲųᶯ
ǡ
˼Ҷˡ
˵ⱾؼӽճУκ˲ȡᡣ
ǰȥᣬɱҲԹԼ࣬¾ǲͷġ
ճճӡʵɵһزˣҲڸĿŵȥǵĶǡ
նӹݹľУóؼϸϸۣ֤ûд©Ÿ˵л
ڰѡ̤õУճһ
ⱾؼҵġܵҿپӴϢҵм
ƥ»ǵСһ㷽á
ճоƬɨ򿪣ͷɵ㡣
ľкܲ۵ĵطһͷСϸߣʱεմľϡ
ؼ滹͸㣬޿ɶΡ
ճŭ
֪֮ͻⱾؼȴû뵽ô졣
ǻ壬ԶϣѾ˰ɡճﰵĥ
ľһɨǰ⼸˵ĸ˼һЩ²⡣
ߣճҵ˵õؼˣܿ˶㲻뿪ȫһЩǰ㿪˵ߣ˵
ճڸ˺ЦǺǵģתƱ˵עʱá
ճ˵ͷֱȭ˸˵ֳû£ĳʹ˸ˡ
Ҳֱӣ緢ľк鱾ֽţҲЩ˶ܣתͷߡ
æ˵ճαؼæأոһսӦú˰ɣú÷ɡҲøŻغǣѵһ˾ǣһôҲԲ续ɽ
ˣ´пʱ棬µõؼҿһʱ̶˷ѡճһڻؾ
ǲ֪СֵܲϷ򿴿Ȿؼĸϡ֮Ϸʵںܺ档Це˵
ճܾƺ⣬תͺƤҪ迴ؼ


415 ӵ£
ճһ㶣ͷƤҲ̫˰ɣؼɲֻҪõˣ͵ѧȥ
ճǿŶ͵ѧܴﵽزôܲ
ɫֻ˵Բ𣬻үӣⱾؼӴ֮ռҵĴ֮ȴǲ㿴ġ˵õؼ޲ľͿѧϰܰȥ˹ۿҲᡣ
˵滰һĵطúòҴУû˼ɽˮ
ճһͲû˼ϺϷϾͷ˻ҵĵ⡣
ĿɣȻ֣Ǿ͸Ͻ뿪Ϊá
ﻹ˼ҵĴӪҡڵף
屻ճԥľܾϱܲÿԼڻǣûܵ治ӡ
Էճû취ˡ
һս֪֮ԼλﲢôʹԷʵ̾Ϣһ£Ҳٶ˵
ֻﰵ룺ǺӺ͡ؼѾֽţһ˾ѷ֣ڲҲûʲôҲóˣ⡮վҵġ
ﰵתͷ
һĻڳȫ˼Ҳʱ𣬲ȥûȤˡ
֮һƶ˵Ӷ㲻ճھǺܿܲù
ճ̬ȣҲûᾡľ
¾ǹٷ֯վҲǴ֯ౣƫ
Ҷܲ߳ǣһȭʦЩֻ˵
ߣ˼ұ䣬õĶôñ˹ۿ
үӲѪƺȻˣȻؼҲͽ裬ֵ²ûС˼ʡ
λȭʦ˵ίһЩǺ˼Ȼ˵үӺܲҪ
ֻҪ˾֪ܽõģҲڡ
ЩΪڿЦ
ճȴôΪ
лڳȭʦ͸¼˳¾ֵĴš
С㷢ʲô𣿡
ճһ粨ճ뿪鲢ûзԡ
ţⱾؼֽšճƽӦ
˭ճɫ䣬ü˼
˭ǻ뿪ΪãȻ˴ؼ⣬Ϳ϶ͨˣǵʵ⣬һ㻯ʦҲûʸǡоһߴٵ
ΪȻ
ǲķԼˣԷڸʦа壬ȻǼˡ
ֲǺǣ涯಻㣬ǵùٷ֣Լ˾ͻţֲֹۡ
ʻȥ׼³ճоһһļӿͷ
Ȼ̧ͷ򳵴⣬
ӿûʲô
ôˣǲʲôף
¾ʵ
ûʲô٣Ѫĸо
ûУƽճӲ⣬ȫûиоʲôԡ
ͷˣͽܵľǱҪǿ࣬˵ﵽšնܵĵزȴҲ˶١ָоȻǵҴ֮еѪʾ֮ܵ
ЦǺǵ˵ɫҲ
ˡ
Ѿ͵ǲ塣
ͷ𳵡
ǰ˾ɻ󣬵żǿ󣬳һѹҲûɡ
Щ˳ִ󷽣˼˵ȥģͿȥģ໰
ճͳĺӣһۣ˿ȡеؼЦһһôʹݾߣöԷΪûзǵļźãûϵ˳ס
򿪳оƬɨ򿪣ϸϸɨǱ̤ȴһ㵭ɫĩĵȻˡ
һ׼Ƿĩһȥһĩ⣬鱾±ýྻ¡
һӣǱֽͬŵĺӷɳԶɳʮף˽ֵһ˵Ľ¡
ճڳϣۿʰȻһЦеھͿ˭ٶȸˡ
˾ٶȥվҪĺƣֻҪ죬Ǯġ
´Ӱͳһֽ˾ϣ˵
Ҳ֪ʱΣ
ģӦļƻأȴǲڱ˵Ӳƴӻǿӵĺá
˵ͷͬճԼŮ·ʽкá
һ£ȴѵõûа㽾ģеĽȱ١
ʿ˾ӹǮϲЦտǷĺˣ·úܣ֪ʡʱ䣬ǮþԲ
˵공Զ۶ȥһܹĳˣǰźҲһ
˲ãȻѾ֣˾ȴȫȻܣȻǰ
˾Ҳƴˣһ˵ֵˣƴɵϡ


416 ϳϣ
ճͷһۣңԶתǴɫС׷ҧסţȫܾٶʮ֮졣
Ӧÿ죬һǹٷҲв֡½е
ԣǾȫ⺷Ӧ۹پճͻƻ۷֮һ۾Ͳᡣ
ǰ˾һɫţЩ˲Ǵͽɣо׷ǵǮᡣ
Ŀɣû˻һʿ˾ģͣҾͰȥԼ
ճ˵ˣÿ㣬˻վǾ³˵ĻҲұ֤˻᲻Ὺǹʱ˵Ͳˡ
ɫʿҪĿվһźɫ׷룬һȺȫװװĺӳ³׷ųȺ
ٹһᣬһˣ߰ʮ³뻮һΪ׵һŰɫװɫȦڵˣվŵȴһףˣŲ̾װͭ壬ϺڣʮҪ͡
ʦ֣µıôð˵˶Щ˳ҲڵڻûץǼˡɫЩ˾Ȼӣѵ֪˾ôҲӵõ𣿵ȻץˣҪݺݵһǡ
ʦܣ⼸ʦɲǺöԸģֻҪǹԹԵİѡؼҲǷҪֲɡ
׳˵
Ȼǹ˼ҹ˰ˣھǺаԵȡ󣬲֪
ǽ峿ȴ˸¾ڽһᣬĻʧĵؼ̤̵סջ
׹˳ɽɽѾȥ˴꣬ǲԲľǵҵ̣޷ǰ·
˳ɽ˵ܵõؼοһȡͻơ
ϧǣֱֻҪõһǵأҲţزʾˣҵҲʮּѡ
ι˰õϢζҪõ
Ҳ֪۶ս˫˭õؼһģ˾Ͱ˹˳ɽͽ
˳ɽƽӣСͽΪʮ꣬ڣʱ̣粽롣
һѵУǵ֣ʮ꣬˳ɽۻʼңͳ쾩š
˰İ־ѵУгĸǹ֡
ʵʵˣ˰ҲҲ˳ɽɽʱ˭ܴţҲ⣬ο̫Զü
ˣʵ˾ѵˡ
Ǹç򣬶ʦƴӣ˰˵ؼ׸ʦͶġ
û˲Ͻؼô
ھط˻ʼҺ񸮣¾ҲҸ˼Ӳ
˳ɽ̫û˸ҵǡ
һȺߵվſڣͼһװ˹㱨үͳ죬ǼѾֵ׷;룬ûȥɽµķ֮ء
룿ŴɽˣӥУеǳֲסǣǴһ
ǣ
˾˸񣬾ȥˡ
ʦܣǾӲ˵ġɽ·У˵ĸлһڵŮˣôҲܲǵİΧȦġȷӥϵȽ״ʩ㶼㲻ˡ
ճŮأ˰Щؼ֣ܵʵ
ΪճǰŮ˿øһ涪˼ճȴأŮ£ϵܺã¹ϵңʦһµĸף˵𣿡
ͺãͺãϲľصˣŮҲزźãŪֵвǿ
˰⻰зŹ⣬ˮ˳¾С˵µŮ˿úܣʦɵ֪һЩǧҪְ˼Ҵˣ̫ϧ
ôϧ񣬷İɣµȹеģŮܲ죬ǣǵٶȣôȹأĺˡ
̸̸˵˵վھʿӵ֮£ɽٶȥ

ƻһүҪҪǰ·߱˵ճһѾɽ
һɫµĺ˹ʵ
վͬǣȺֻʮǿϼ·亮⣬ʮֳء
·֮ʱžȻȫѪǿĸ֡
Ҫ·ֲǹ˰ѵЩǴͷɣճӣǶɲöԸ
˼һϵھĹ˳Ϊܣûаη֮ģǻӲǾͶһ߿žͺá
һᣬЦ˵


417 ϳ£
үүǾǽɽѾһᣬҪ׷ϿɾѰˣؼ
ԪһԶɽͷЩʡ
İɣǻ㻹֪ȫһɫİΪҳףгġ˼Ϊǿ׷˾û׷ĵ
ں˵οСߣճֻҪ᲻áؼͱӵõ
үүճҲ벻ϵķĩľϽǮȫ˶Ŀ⣬ֶΣȴմȾؼϵһζֻоѵĶ׷ٵζ
ԪſڻͷһֻССɫһ֮̾ɫ
Сڣȵճѵеٽ׷Ҳǿ֮ĩˣʱǳֵʱ򡣡
ϹЦݡ
Ͳȥǰƴƴֻ
ǰ¿ҲµûĻӦﲼ˺֣ܶǰ̽ӣֻҪЩ뿪ж
ԪĿĴ֣һż˼ûУʮ˾վԭصţǹ

硪磡
ճŲһƫǣС֣һô档
ӵϣһƫ˷򣬴ճļԱ̡߲һ˺һСƬ·
ǹճӺҲĶнٶȲɱĻࡣ
ɺޣװȫȽ׶ܴ򴩴ӦǾǽ˭ôĿŵĵɱǡ
ϺƢʱҲŭ׿ȥľݴӲҡΣȻ˺ǲ١
ʱˣ㻹ʲôˣҪҪⰤǲеġ˿ɲʲô飬ȻѾǹǾǲݡΪȻ˵
ǣǾˣɱ˻᲻ʲôغ±ճţΪӵ̫죬öӵʱѾһЩ
ûϵô죬һǾ֣š
´ʱʻ˵м˵ĵ֮
ϮҲûʲô˵ģֱӿɱǡ
ոӹһɽ֮ʱͿ׷ȫžװ˵еľǽʮơ
ճӼʶ㣬ʱѾ׷ʲôˡ
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ճӵжϣճΪ档
Ϊֻ֧й˼ҵǲץˣ׷ɽ룬񡣡
ճĿɭ˵ſĻ飬Ҳֻй˳ѹȥ
ճһ䣬ת˵ôӦԣСɡ
ңճָָԼɻʵ
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һԳ˳·С˵ţնܡ
ŶˡճԴȻ
ճӺһҪѾȨҲûȻΪճıԹˣǰ¶һֵġѪ
Уʿﵽһزͺ˰Ǳ
ʲôΣɡķ
ǰҵԤˣҲԣӣûΣգû˱ҸʺϾ
ճʲõͷӦ
̧ͷ˿ԽԽĺڵ㣬֪ٳپ
ȵϵֱ볡״ϵϵľѻ֣Լ˾ͻʮΣա
£ǸǺӵõ
ȻѾԲںۼȴûͻƻʱͻƣȻûͻƣܵҪһʱ䡣
һߣǲܴܼӵġ
Ҫס˵סеĵشôֻһ취ˡ
ճкһһֶһӵﲨƽ羵
Ψ֮ƣֻа׷ɱˣ·ǵճ˵
²⣬͵Ե޹ʵľؼҶֺǾɱ֣ҲûʲôԱָġ
ҧҧ˵ģɱɱǸ׷Ӧþľ򣬶ְɣ˷ʱˡ
˵һתȥܶĲȻٹ˼ɺӵ

ճһʱûסɷ˸ۡ
ʲôãж̫ˡ
ոջڵķ˴˲ãһͺݿʵ˼ά֮˲ϡ
Ѿͷ˵úܶԣɱ˵
ճû䣬ճһʹӲݴź󷽾׷ķȥ


418 ɱϣ
ճӵӰһΣȴǺµٶȻ졣
ܿӵһ͵ЩԲʾ˵ԣһƣ
ء죬ɱˡ
žҲû˵ʲôԼŮȥﻹվס
Ҳǰ棬ͬһ㣬вݴУ͡
Щʿո׷ճһ˼ɥ֮Ȯ־ʱ
ǻڴŶģ˭ȿǹˣǹڻųսУһ鳯ǰɨ
ȴûϵǰȴˣɱ˻
ΪˣǹǺܺãӦҲܿ죬һЩ˶ﵽ׶ΣѪۻ룬ǿ
ǵȵճӺһ֣ƾȫˡ
Ҳ߶ƾŵ׶εٶȣ崩ڷԲһ׷Χڣ۶ʮӢսʿжΣȴڶ̶ʮھͱһɨ⡣
⻹ΪǷֲñȽɢҵԭʣЩʿһжס
ܵһҲûɱɴȻ
ճǰȡ˴ѣ鿴͸оһһˣʮס
һ䣬󼱴ڣߣһѾץסȥ
ţءƬƬҶ֦ɵԭϼ̨ɻѾˡ
ճ֪ԣҲǼٺˣ˿
ﰵҪճʾܿһֱϵĻڴˡ
жλװãҪͣܡճɿµ֣˱ܣȴ׷ļֱ
оƬɨ򿪣˫ͬʱ߾٣ոռ֧ѻǹȴͬʱ
žܼ㣬ٵԼǰһһĵףճֻǹ𻨣ֻ졣
ء

ȴֱ䣬ֱӱը
մҽ
һԵģʽճͱñ䵭Į
ӵֵĳǹֱ̨ʱѾܶڿһӵĻߣҪ󷽷ߣȴһ
׷׷Ӿôף
ǹ΢΢һ£ءǹ죬
ǹô׼ǹ֣һûϵ۾˺׷ˡ»ϲ
ǳˣѾ׷ճͻȻ˵
ʱҲѣճҲԶһܻĽȻҷӣˣʦ֣еȫŮĲҪˣȻɫҪúõá
һḡ˷ϡϡӦͷŭĽ
𣿰ʦ˵ȥ
ģˡ
үͷİɣô˳ǵ֣ҲӲġ
ճ˲ɰ̾Щúÿ죬ֻǰɽ´ִȴ߳һŰɫװһ׳롣
һУ˵ǹ˼ҵĹ˰רŻҵˣԱվŵľǹ˳ĴͽѵУǱ֣ɱأ鷳ˡ
ճתͷһճӸɫҲʮѿ
˵ţһû˵ϾǰһֱҲǺܾãûϺһЩޡ
һԽ͵˳ǻһǰͻѹһ˻ʼң˭ӶǻʼңҲú
µľĶӹ˰ˣʵǲôǸçͺǹ˳Ĵͽܣͳ죬ǵʵ
Խ˵Խأ۹ɨķѾһЩ
ճͷһ֪ƱԼĻҪء
ѾĴ־ˣѾûġ
⿴ѵоͱȽٲճܶڽġ
½½Ŷٶˣռλãǹ׼Լˣ޵
ǰճӸɱЩ˸ɱһ㣬ʵϣҲķ˺ܴһͱϵĻڴС
ңľ˺£µǸϵľˡ
ԷһһǣƣټϼٰǹͬʱԼӲƴƴʵ׶༪١
׻˵϶ҧ󣬾˲ϣĸҲ
취ӦֻҪЩͬʱճ͵úһ
ճһЩڣողͣҲãٲô׷
Ǽ˶ԾǸɽûЩͷϤܽɽĴҴܣֱߴԽȻܸϵǰ
ͷɱ˸Уǹ֧ͶԸϵֱʱΧټմǵĴӼѡ
ճһᣬˣҲͣɱ˴ɻ
־ܰɣؼұ֤һ·
˰ĴЦôεεĴͱӵƬöϧǲǡ
·Ƿϵ·𣿿ϧĻǲŵģοΪһӮ𣿡ճ϶ּᣬǰһһ
ճһתͷ£ǹ˰ݺҪ𣿴ӻ᲻ں


419 ɱ£
Юֹ˰󣬲Уһܱġº
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˰߳ѵ֮⣬ʦţǴ粽ļƣȷѱ͵Ϯ
˭ҪԵĳǰֻҪһӣѵоͻ᷵ؾԮܻᱻսʿ𣬵ȷǺΣգǡ
үӣʦѵУֻɱЩʿû೤ʱ䣿ճȻ̧ͷʵ
㹻ˡճ죬һɭӿ
óѽɫǹ滹ŻƣȻ׼ˡ
ѩǹ²ڣû֣ܶ˶Ѿңʲô˶ռҵı
û˵ֻǵ˵ͷʮӣҲΪӾͿˡ
ճһ˼ȻԶԸǹ֣ô黹пΪ
ǺãǷɢְɣȽͣȻҳȫҼС
СճӺûʲôԥֱӦ
һճµ֣ҲǷ
һͷûУ֮һǹͲҽ
ʦɱһЩͨʿЩƽھҫʿ˵һѡ
Ǵû뵽ôһ졣
ÿһγ۶ԷǶ׺ݵֻӡ
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˶һʱ𵽺ܴãеʱȴһ׸ǶʵʱֻҪԷƣԽԽء
ɲս䣬Ǹֽ棬ͨսʿ͵ȷеԸвҲֻڵ˱޶λãܵ¡
ѵƽ˳˳ˮƾԼǿʵʼߵսʿھǵ棬˸ҵֻӡ
뵽ӭɱǵѰԾһɱԼ¡
޳ܣǻǴʦ𣿡
ѵдŭһͦǰûԮһߣͼճӰһ¾дȥ
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ճֱ̾Ͼʵսʮ־˵ĴʦȻ֪ճʲô⡣
˵ҪɱСɱСָɴ䣬ˮ
ѵпŭ֮ں׷Ҳֻζս
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ճߣȴλúܣֳҵľˮ
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˶ճӰԽԽԶٲ׷ͻᱻӳΧȦʱһ㣬ͺҵ
˰һȫҧأֻǷǰܣʲô˼û
ճҷſȥǰɣԱġ
ǲðæȫúܡճЦ˵
סճһо˱仯
ճŵϢȻһǣɫһȫžճű̱ܵӯ
ãʱͻ˻ϲ°սƻ͸аˣȻһжҲɱУԼУռϷ磬ûҪ
˵ɿ
ʱ˽ʱڵжȻܹ
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Ů˾Ҫǿڷ絲ʱҲչԼŮ˵츳ÿŮ˶οôŮˡ
ˣ
ճܵͻȻһͣ¶ֵЦݣ۾ǰľԣ˵


420 зϣ
ʲôˣ»ûףϾʹһɴȴճһѣ͵ԶԶģһô档
ڰ֮ʱͿǰԶСľһСӰ컨һĲҶ֦ѷ衭
һųһţճͬɽϹľʯ޿ɵֵ
壡ͷ󾪡
˴ܳӰ˭ǲǰڼαϯϼĻҼ壬ǶĴʦʵճӡͥͬһ׶εİ˼ҡ
˼ȭǺų׺սɱҲʺƴɱ
ͷһȫתɫҪѪΪǹճһʱôֱͻϮ
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·ֱ۴ֵСܵһ壬ͻΪľķûһ˿㡣
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Ԫһ䣬ɫʮֵ⣬˾ǰ
ʮɢ⣬Ȼճߵ·߷
ճ͵Ϯеסֻܡ

ˣճ񱻹˼Һͻҵʮֲ㲻˵Ҫڻ֣
սǧԶһɽ֮ϣóͲԶм
ٳսʿճǹһһȭѾ߰ʮˣޱȡ
ȫɫƽûаַӦֻνĿճסĵط̸Ц
˵һɫżسˣʮģ
ʮţ˫Ŀ嵭ƽͣϹ΢΢Ц⣬ԲԽһһж˼Ϊ泩
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Ϊ˵һȥʮĿͫ˫üˣɫ멣ԣʮӺݻ
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⻰˫أ˵еսûǳֵʱ򣬶һ˵ھǵľơ
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˾֮һ˵ҲԿȻսȴҲǲѧç־עǸ˲š
Աйĸ֣һܿվɽ嶥ϣͬɣԨǿ
ǰƴͻ΢΢һ࣬ɫЩȴΪ
̧Զٿ˿ͻȻʵƴ˵ǲ֣ճܶһ𣿡
ѣ˵ͷƸ֣˵ѵг֣һѾﵽ߹صĵزľѻǹҪ߰ǹƷ޺ȭͽռŹ˳˰׺žټ϶ٶλſֽճôҲֵܵסġ겻˵
ҿɲô
ɫࡣ
ΪճͻȻϮХһԶճӺȴѾճ£
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Ǻ¾װжì䣬Ҳ˵ѵк֡޺ȭȶʲôǶֻ֣Ӳƴǵסҵġ׶ġʦй˳磬Ͱ׺ŵİ񾭵ȴպǲôԸֵġ
ҲǣԸѵУУĹɨУԼ񾭳⣬Ӵ֮·Ͼܹǵòʧ˵
ǷƵıҲһЩüë壬Թ˳־Щġ
üıһοɾͲˣʵϧϧãճ𣿡˼Ű׺ŰֵʱͻȻɫһ䣬ŴԶ˵


421 з£
ôͻȻ˰ˣС߿ʦأͲ
ƴҲɫһ䣺ʦסǱɱ˹˰󣬾ǿɵñ졣
ߣҿǹС͸ɱΡ
¾װǲм˰ΪˣרСŪңʵ˿ۡ
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ɱ˹˰Ҫ˳ֻӣԼˣ˵᲻ᷢ裿ʱһʼҶѹסճⷽҲõĻɫ󲻵ǴңҲһƬȷѪ꣬µġ
Ҳסˣӹͷü֮һЩ
ȥɣճ֮ǰƽϢ¿ԵΪֹˡ
ǡ
˵һԾֱûУһһӰӰС
˼ٱгΣϡ֣³̹Ʒ֮
ԽԽ죬һ㣬Ƭɽ붼ˡ졣
λʦڲٺѪȣһƾ졣

ճоƬɨ֣ԲӰĿúܺãȴ֪ͱ
ˣ㻢ȻҪĻȸճһѵ
ǴκǱ֮󣬻ȥʱ˼˵ǰճһæʵüĳ
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ЩʱֶȴôףԻкøҲûã
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˵һεĻĿճ䱦ĵشؼ˵һλԪ뾳Ҳճ´
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Ǿ˳ˮۡ
Ϊѻ˳
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һǰ˼ȭ鹦һУ׷ӲȣҪٶȺͳֵʱ
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Ϊɽᶯ˻ᶯ
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ճɵðԽкã뵤ʦŸ־֮ͨ
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Ե˹֮ʱϸ˼ӦòǴҴӦԡת׼ǰȴ۽Ӱһ
һӰͻȻð˳գ֮͵˻˫ƽʵġϡ졣
Ŀ꣬ǻࡣ
幥ճҪ֣͸оȫѾ˹
۽鵽һϮ£ԶճͲӰ֮ŭճӣñɣ
ߣȲ㣬ȻҪ͵ϮСһưɡ
ðӡһ¾ȻУͬУҪƻ
Ը֣ͬȻнǹһơ
ճӾϵŻ彫Ҫֵһ̣齫δ֮ʣʱӦ䲻ܣֻӲƴƴ
ûѡֻȫӦ䡣
ճӵԶھǣҲ֪ġ
ʱĴʱԾãճӱͥѶԸ
Ϊ̫ͥȭжӲƴת֮ô磬ȥվǿ
˼ҵȭҲͬˣƴǿȡӲȣɴûо¹˭
ճӾͲͬˣ˶Ϊռǹúܣȴ֪ռҵĲƷѲ


422 һ򾡣ϣ
ճ˽սʱƵֲֵ֣Ҫ
һȭпܷ㹦򣬶ٶ̫죬һ£ˣ˺Ѵõ
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ǣһвǲ̨ùһΣҼҪεȻǺѪôŹ˰Сʱٶʹˣ
۹ȺãҲϵճ֮ʱǽ˫ȴճɫҰֽ
Ȼҩ㾫ѪȴܽʹѪɱġ
ǹеĽɡ
Ѫĸ֣󹦷򶼻ϵ
ʵҲΩһ©ǡ֪ǲΪ걻Ӱʵ֮ӡ
ճɱ֮󣬾СΣﵽ˻ڡ
飬Ȼ磬ȻȻá
ֵָ꣬һ״̬ȫһ
£ҲֻС¡
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ԼȫӦԣпܵסȴ̫֣޷֮ʱճӴͻϮԼ˲ɷơ
ճӾ޴ѹ֮£ճ²ܣֻȫȫӦͻϮ
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ʹһͬǣ
Ӱ֮ʱһһѪȪŵһ
˶һȴԭһֱۡ
ײײ֮Уٲͷʹ֮ǺХʮҡ
Զȥֱš
ߵٶȺܿ˵Ұ˼ȭֲóٶȵ𣿡
ճһֱӴӻϿһֱۣ翳ϡ
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ѧ԰ſڼˣʽСһֱѧ԰·ͣ·СԵ̯ҲԾҲȥܣУǸӣȴû˭ɷ羰
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ģӦΪ⽻ҪɣǸѧϰԵĻᣬһõܶණϲ㲻ܻԿѧ԰ﲻк㿴Ǳ߻ձ˽м١ָָ
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ƺ̫Щ˵˵Ͳᡣ
ճҲǣʮ֮ôྫӢѧӶ˼ˣ˼Ҳûʲô˵ģֻ˵Լ


428 ߣϣ
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˵ǿɱˣǰճ֣50ֵĸӷ֣ġ

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ոЩ˿ճʱ򣬾ѡԵ˼һûѾߵøԶ
Ҫ֪˴һٷֶò˵ӷˡ
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Ҳ120֣ճֻ30֮֡ŹҪ˦ճ300֣ܱȰܱȡ
ɱɽѧ԰ǸУԼ˸ֽԴ˳ƺΪ
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ϰǸϰˣںܶѧĴ£ΪԲ£ֺ
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429 ߣ£
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ľɣ̻˻֣̾һ´


430 ָϣ
ֻһ˽ʱ仹ܳȻúä
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ǸУһһֱţͻȻ˵ҿҲûôأ½ҲһƬлǺ£ҪһŴɵ̬ȥŲڷ
ճƾԼʵóɼǵȻϲ£ǽˣ֮㣬粻ǻſĿ𣿵ʱٿճ⡭ܴôôãǾͱĳɼʵġ
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ջ֮ɽѧ԰ˣԼУѾԽԽûš
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431 ָ£
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һЩԷҲӡ
Ҿ˵ԣͻ¶ڰɣ֣ʱ˦30֣һζ300֣㲻һ

϶ֻ300֣ҿӦҪ400֡һװѧԱߴȤ
ƲһհѧϰɼһֱܲǾ˳ճҪΪҲʮֲ
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ԽɫԽ࣬ͷ󺹡
ģͬڻ¯һ㣬ֱȵ˹ڸ࣬ܵҪޡ


432 䶨ϣ
ǳ֣࿼ʦҲͬһ㣬ճĶű֣ʵ޷κݡ
ëǽ̵񡷵Ľʦοǡ񡷺͡ճ⣬ֱֱʮӣȻ̾һת˽̨λһԲ
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͵͵Ŀһ˳ĨһѺ˵λԼٵݴеͲˡ
ٶճԾѾֲǴв֣˶š
Ҫָ¹Ϊ˵ճòã˵̲ӦλʦҲǲϵġ
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İɣСһ˴Ų棬ʱҴȥ´ư棬ȵøǿˣʱһȥؾҲǰο
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Ԭǿ󣬳1.0ճ֪ġ
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ճողЩʲô͸оһƬǺ֮УһɫҰ
ӿӦþԼеĿĵˣԼЩ˸ǿŵ׹֮䣬Īϵ
·߲ɸģȥļһңĿĵأҲȥ
Ȼָû

һ󻶺̻վ
ֵʮһŴճ߲ʹѾռ֮һĻȻǿࡣ
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ܣÿ˵겨һ˶ɹճͻжϵ˫ø룬ȻˡԪƽг˵
漰רҵ֪ʶԵüΪţվ٩٩̸ϸݷӦճӪеڸղŶ̶ʱڣǿɣǻǿͱˣڷõĺô󡣡
Ѳк󸣣ǹϲճϲЦտĴͷһ븽͡
ÿνؾѡϸѡÿһεĽֶ⡣
ǰνƽｻ̸֮Уǲ֪ԭڡ
֪ԭڻʵҲġ
ɽƿصġ磬ŷҵġ½űķܸⷽ߻
ҲֻԼһЩù
ȴǽȻ֪ͬԺͿԵĲã϶ȡһЩɹ
һ㣬Ԫƽš
ֵø˵ǣճȫѵĶȹʱͨޱǿĹ⣬ü˶ϣ
ҲõȵԺ󣬾һôˣͻȡҪĽλ澺Լһѡ
ҡ߲㣬ǵҪʵҲߣֻϣڡгһ֣࿪һЩӶܴǲԱ롣
ø˻ѧϰĻᣬ߻սѭԱ

ճԶԶİɫƺǸƹ
˽ȴֱޱ޼ʡ
ֻһƬãֹ֪
ʮǵİɫⲨ֮һܶ룬Ȼǲ׺ɣ𡭡
ճͷһΣǰһڣʲô֪ˡ
ٴѹȾ͸оһ󼫶ƣ
ͬһ꣬Ҳû䣬Ϊ˹Ӧã֤ҽҩǮ
۵ȥש
һ֮ȫȫɢ˼һʹ
ƲסŴͣǿҪϢһںβȴһɼŵĳ
ʲôζóճʹ۾ܡ
ʹ̣ζȴ̫ˣСճû
ǡճ۾ķ䣬ԭľդδɿݵѪй
ӬţݽѾ÷ļʬ


439 £
飬̷˳ص㣬Լݣ׼滮һõķչ;Ǳʶԡ
ԪƽɫࣺҪ죬ʱֻСʱγڣԺͺѼ⵽ϸˡ
һ£˶ΧʮλпææµµоԱڴЩǡ
ɲǲǣΪƾ۾ͿԿмѧصЩס
Ϊģʽȡϡ
ص㣬ܲεòóżžžһ죬Ҳ㱨
ΧԻ龳룬Σնȡһʮָݵʮ̧ͷ
̶ʱ䣬ʮŰоԱһæ͵ó˽
˹Ԫƽ˾˸˵εϴλûһ˳˼ңȫѵĵطϴΣ˴ΪӣΣ
ԪƽüͷŴһʮĻʵǸӽ˵ҲܷһЩԾˡ
̶31Ļ۾һգգ
˵״̬̫ףճȴǲòٲˡ
ʬᣬԿؽ绹һڡ
ȥûйôܹΣ֣
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ȻҲԣɽɫˣ˵֮ҲǺɫȻǺ⡣
Ŀǰ״ԣƲڻʮ죬ûĻǾں˼طֹֻҪơһ磬ȥɽһ˵лɽɣ
ݸ߸˵ɫһ䣬ָĻ˵ΣյˣڲϣɫҰףӦһ󲡣ܲܰȥÿ±ûʲôãߵļŮ˶ɪɪƺҲֹۡ
һҶˣճΣյη֮УΧʬѾʼãܻܿϸڴ˵ؼ׸Ⱦ߲ȻΣʲôȾΪһҽеֶӦǿճ״
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ˣѾӪˣܿƽͳԲ߸ûԣѾݵÿҪƤǡʮͣϸ첲ϸȵģʲôԱ֮˵Լӳη
鲻ð죬ǸɫҪࡣ
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ұɰУ˼ҲֻܳԸưͿ
һۣճıֱճӺҪɫƾһ֮顣
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λʦ֮ʱճ٩٩̸ǿ˭ҲûռϷ硣
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۾ԼͬһϣӦþˡ
ҪԷʮϵֱֵһᡣ
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ˣһΪѾǸɽأÿ¡
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ԺһƬհףԴ˾ûκӡ
ǰ֪ԼɽԼһš
˭ôη
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ûκζļ䣬֮бʱɫҲûеõʲôõļ䡣
оƬʱѶԷһЩȫɢˡ
壬֪ǳʲôԵʣֻıܡ
ƺֻһǣΪӭճĽٶڣһиûһ˿ۼ
һʱ䣬弫žǵصļС
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ڻ᲻ᱻ귢ֲԾҲ˲ˡ
ûˣ̫࣬Ȼ̫ʵʡ
Ǳ߻ôʲôǵˣҵͯү߸ûУ
ˣǲǵҲҪһǿܾҪ죬ﻹûһȥӦɽʨӴ󿪿ڣҼҴղôǮ
үһɥ˵ұ׽ϢӦǴ˳ȥͷкҵԾϪկͺˡ
Ȼʣճһ񣬰ϣˡ


440 ǧϣ
оƬɨ裬ճͼ׶ùͷ׳бһô˯
ֵʢʱ⣬֪ƣ˯
˵Ҳ֣ˡ֮ճʱߵѾǶ죬ʱͬ
үһӳȥĻᣬ᲻ۣճʵ
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˵Ͳˣ¾ͺáճڵңԼԶĵطһ롣
ڵ͵һˤˤƬ
ȻһƬһ̽ץס߸ֱۡ
ԷӦƬ͸ȥ

߸﷢ɱĽɫŵòҰף߶µؽеʲôɱ𣿡
ԼӿѪû˹ȥ
ֱ۳ȴƽ߼·ôСͯ־ȴǴó棬ץסһ㣬ôҲ鲻
ͱ¶Ҫ˵һָӡճ˵
䣬΢΢š
忴Ϊ˿ȴɱȻ֪ģ߸ͱͣճ֡
˼ԼСͯΪα仯֮ճѾ޺үô벻أүǮƣܰӻȥ綼Իȥģοɱ
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˵˵ҲҶ飬óһԿףֵͰŴ򿪡
еĴȴǸűߡ
죬ҩСڸɱ˷ǮָС
С꣬ƶסֻһܿ󱻻һӣСͣѪӿ
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ܴˣɽҵˮƽ
ճǿסͷۻֱۡ
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ÿһóʮֵЧ
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ҲҪ赶ˡ
ڵϷһܣǰѩ󵶴ббȥ
ҲǳֵʱǽǶȣȫۡ
Ӵ󺺸ոմӻͳҩҪ򿪣ǰһһѩȻһʹ

һסϷţĺһһԵָڷλ
էָҲճĳ֣ͻȻ⣬һӦԼոշűߡ
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ȫ䡣
Լϵ֮£ֻҪǸ˶ַһѡ
֪ԣɴԻûӦѾ˳ȥ
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ȻûȻˡ
źӵ壬滹һѵ
ճһߴƺӵĺصĴ󵶾׹
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м޼䣡
ꡱһһͱָؿദ磬࣬;ˡ
ճһֱ麹ͨһſڵϣóľ
м򵥵ܵõôҲ׵ġ
߸ֻճһ֮£ӵáǰ磬ֱ̣ɱˣˮȻȻ
Ȼ̫ÿ̸ͣȴΪ
ǿҵķ͸˿˿죬ɽͬƤӰһĲٿ֮УԹǰ
߸һǾ壬ԭأҲˡ
㻹ҩѪ𣿡
ճһԸ߸Խˡ
ͷԲ̫ƷҲӦòôá
Ϊʲôأ
ճˣԼ״ˣ϶Ǹ߼ҶԴСһڱ᲻øԡ
үͯʲôòʹʲôô̲š
ֻ֪и߼ˣʱеĸͬģ


441 ǧ£
ȵ߸Լҩۣ˺²Ƭ˿ڹסճϢһᣬŻָһЩ
ûȥϵĴ󵶣ںӵѳһС
СĥʮַԼа̣߳Ӧòɱá
ճ룬СܿɽƷ
ʲôģССȴǱȴʺʹá
ߡ
ճͷһ۸үСͳȥ֮䣬дޱȣͬڿׯϡ
ⲻɽ·ˡˡ
û߶Զ߸СлʱѾճոһɵ˷ճߵͬʱ۲·
ճһۣҲǵ˵ͷүҲȫǴٵӹ
ִУԸͻᱻΪϰ츳ˡ
岻вҪ̫ҲҪؼ˲̫ųҪѪԣϰȱٵһ
ڸ߸УճƺɽկĲ֡
ҹգʱͣһȣ洩˼ᣬ߹ͨȴûһɽ
ȫǶ˹ȥ

߸һĿճôԶΪ͵Եģô𣿡
ճˣ۾ˣĻ˵ү˵ʲô̿ھ̵һȣٺݺݹһѼѪ˵
ԱˣȻô·
߸ǲ⣬ҲųԾˡ
һҲ²ɽ
ûмǴĻɽկſɽأһ򲻹
ԴӼճڵͻϮɱأ֪ôģүԸԼ֮õͯһЩηĪ
ھ֮Уһĵݶץסһֱܡ
ĸүУͯȻǸݡ
ôץģճԵò࣬оЩ
㲻֪Ŷˣ㱻ɽ˵ӡڸⱻɽ°ȥȻҾʹں׷Ҳˡ
߸˵
㣿һ׷ɽճɵһĿү
ԽԽ߸үһݰˣʮ곤øһߴǰ׳˼û
ǰֻ˵һ׸ˣʮ峤øʮһ㣬ݵ«İôôһ֡
ģ
ĹأճĻÿɷ
Լ沫ɱǲУԶԶģǿԵġ
ȥˣ߸޵ݡ
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Աˣ߰ɡ
ճǰ߸ں˿ŷΧǽ赲͵͵ɽկſȥ
;ճеСɱһǰ˵ɽ
ԾϪﱾһЩͶ·ۼһƾмٹ·̿ͶɵɢһҲɱҲСúܣû˵¡֪ΪΣ͸ҵԱٳǽεĹټС㡣
˭ǵĵô޼ɵ
߸ں߶߶˵š
ճַүһȱ㣬Ǹ룬ûգѾͲͣЪ߶
ճ˼
ͨɽȻҰܸҹ飬ѾǵˣѵͲǸ߼ҵĻԺ
֪ɽĵΪͻȻˡճվҲæߣĿǰ治ԶɽկǰãͻȻ˵
ΪΣ
߸ҲӺ̽ͷɽկǰӰϲСеҾ˵ô£ҼôܲжģƽɽߡͷȻˣһ³ֵ죬ɽ鷳ˡ
˵̫ˣλͷɲ˼ҵĶ֡ճ˵
ܣͷǻŶĸ֣һ콭ļʮһҲĶ֡߸š
ͷԼʮ꣬׳꣬ģԲ£ߣվмΪȣһơ
Ӧƽ׽ýɱʱɵķȡ
һλ²ȴǵְΪţһ֪Դʱľûס
ۣѵ¤ԾϪôСطû𣿡ͷˮ˵
ߣôˣֻûôȴûмǿֵ̣ܳ׾١裬ʶľ͸Ͻǹټҵˣһ·
ǰץȫˣҲǲߡͷΪ
ڻһЩԼҲģҲ˴ӡ
Ȼɽͷ㼸仰˵û޹
ζð˾ȻȥȻ֪Ҳ˲
ƲԳԷƣ
硭һ졣
ȴкȾƵĶ۱뺷׳оˣһͻһ粽ͻӵն˹
һԲϣֱӶ֣۾޺Ǹɴࡣ
ֱÿؼ죬ͷԾͷ˹
ͷȻƺûϵԷ˳סæһѺڳߣȫһܡ
һ죬ͷסһȻɫͨ죬ˡŵšĲ
ÿһڵȳһĽӡ


442 ƾ֣ϣ
ճһۿȥ֪ͷʵȼԹ׼֣Ѿﵽ۷档
ܴ򱬿ȫʮ㣬绢
ϧǣɲǶ۴󺺵Ķ֡
Ϊۡĵͣһն̺֮಻ȴѾ˰Ҳѹһ־ռ˾Ϸ硣
֮ۡʱİȴİе㲻ַͬôأǼӳڳ֮ϣóٶȡһء
оƬɨ֮УƺһصۺӵļüΪǿ
һΪġƽɽߡͷжôԭֶǣ֡
´ȴǶʹ˵ˡ
ЦҲǳ鵶֣һ˿粽һֱ̣͹Եĺ²졣
²ո𣬾ͼɽﳤһȻ鶯תһת
ƫ֣ƹ˲ķ⵲ֱֱظ֮С
õġǵ
ǲѪܲĵ³ƺڿ߶Էƭˡ
ɱ˵ĺӺٺЦǵǽɱ˾Ǻõģ쵱ɵ˰ɣðѵ͵õǵ
ﰵԾԡۡǾ
˵Ͳ򵽹ؼʱóʹһнۻͣȴ˵֮еĿҰһ˿鶯
仯֮˷ʤ
һͷתƣûףôҲ벻ɵĽôܳɽС
תȴûʱǣۡޱȵУȴҪʹȫڵûл֮
ճ֪Ƕ۾޺գȫ˲Ļ쳹ͷܿ޵

߸һУԼԺͷǶɽĶ֣һһ͵סͱɱֻ֮£ɵýг
ˣϷҲɱһҽУԼòô
ճŭȴҲ޷롣
ԶɽҲֻݽǲݴһɽٹ׼կŸߴ¥Ҳɽһ
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̤ʹܵ׳ıж̵˳һӣͲ˵ĺ֮С
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߸ֵվȴճɱˣҪУճ֡žľʹһ⣬ͳ죬Ƶģͽл뺦𣿡
߸ٽк鰵
оƬɨܣȥȥɨ裬ԲԶҲְᷢ
Դӻ֮ճоԼûʧǿ󣬵óȴоġ
ӦĴû̫С̫֧Ųס˸ǿȵľԿʵҲӲԺڼڤ뺮÷˪ٰãͲˡ
ճϸϸ˼һ£ǰ˵һۣ˵һ˵ǿڷʵʱҪ˵Ρ
Щʱ׺ͽǿˣȻ׻ǣһ˵ȷʵе
̫ӳľҲ͸űͬһСп޸ƨûС
ѹǰɨʱ;ÿ̫ԶرͷԷΣҪɨ趼ûзӡ
ԺúȺ壬ǵ֮ճᶨȴһЩɵ顣
ķĸŮˣɪɪĶһԣճɱæס죬ҳ
ճһۣǼŮˣĬȻ֪ǱɽŮӣʱѾĥ㱡
ֻΪסͨŮӣͰɽɽطӦúҪĳͷķ䡣
ĸŮΨһճ࿴һ۵λʮŮӣŴۣϼһ֪ӵװ
ãô磿ɶ񡣡߸Ṵ̊ճ͵Ժɥؽе
˶ˣСӶԼԶŲ˼Ƕʻ̳һҲʲô档
˵ɣô£ճҲЩȻɽկ֮гװΣôֻҪˣ˭Ҫף
ɽܣ
ճʻŮã֪ôشԱһŮ׳ŵ˵
ǸɽȢˮϯҪóףûа취Űױ
ճŻȻ


443 ƾ֣£
ɽ׵Ϸ룬Ŷճ죬ȷλŮüΪò
Ҫɫ䣬һֲַȻܹĵ׵
ҲѹɽȢҲҪ
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ɽѧ԰֮Բ˵ҲҪʲôǲѧи֮ġ
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Щѧѡ֮еﵱ˹֮еԴ˵ûɣѾ̵ùͷʣ
ȻֻǴӺõķƲѧ԰ʦ⣬ûһ㡭
Ҳѧȫ֪ҪǸʲô磬ֲιԶһֻû˸Լ֡ˡˡ
ճ֮ȷȷǡЦλ棬Ϊ߸֣ڳɱȺɽ֮ʱϰԵɨԶ۸ͷս֡
λ͵ۡ
ǻɽɽ𣿳˻Ĳ죬ؽôỹиֳ֣
կΧʱʹ
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ʱָߴϵĶʲôֵþȡ
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Ҳû취顣
ܽ롮õûʲô֧֣ɽѧ԰У̣Ҳֻʽס
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ˡ
ݵһսճʶԼѧϰĹ֮ѧϰЩƵġ
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ѧһŵġ׽ûôʺˡ
һԭѧǵѧϰҾ壬õ˳һ÷ƶҾѧܾбȡ


449 ֮·£
ճѧϰϼ񹦡ҪһԭǣĻɽɳȺˣͽܶûмǻеûᡣ
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ɽկͦ󰡣λ֣Ӧ˲ٰӣɱҲΪˡҪ˳ɣͷ


450 ƣϣ
˳ɣŭЦ֪ɽկжٲƻҳƣӦǧϣƾʲôð˳ɣ
ƾλկɱģЩɽҲֻ㣬𲻴Ӧ
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ЦЦɣǲǾҳ̫ѿˣ
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ĸĸ綼һŪǮƣҲˣ쵽ѰԵģ˷ʱ䡣ճε
һݣ
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ǽðɣұ·ݣǴˡ˵ʵ磬ճ˼£ȴǡ
£Ѱһֲ·ϣС磬ۡ
ճĿ⣬Сûʮ꣬һѾͷƬӡ


451 ƣ£
ʱʮҲԼˣ˵ǴȴҲ
ûлش벻ȥ߼ҵС㣬ճ˼϶Ӹ߼Ұš
ಽĸԼǴԼˡ
ããģ˸߼Ҿ͸Լһ̸ĸҲ˵ˣýڰ˳䡣
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ˣ˸߸ȥˣԼȥˡ
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˿߸һۣĿЩ


452 ࣨϣ
Ͻ۹ȻϵȻܿ߸Լұ롣
ǣСˣүƫƫʲô˵˳ԵģҲΪеʹ
ССģƫƫĺ򲻵ѻǲҪͬϣ߲
ͷ֪ȫ޹˼ɵĻǳ©ӣԼȻѾֻһԹ֮
߼ҵ飬Ͳٲ֡
οԼδãٵý£ֲֶˡ
˻ص裬߸˵ɽկ飬߳ŵʵͯһ˾ͰԾϪկɱ˸⣬կҲɱˣͷۻ֣
εЦЦԱ⣬ʵ֣ҾͱۿɽˡֲܶԸģɽ죬ʵҲ·𡣡
ݡ
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˵ʲô㲻ͯȲϡһı£һ𣿡
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С㻹ǽڰ˳ɣʵȾģúɣղһ۵ͷߣȫҲûס
ճͷ֪ͨҽβöã޷ǾǿһЩȥʪаҩԲʮص˺ˣʵû̫취
һصӣ͸оĪϤƺһһʶͷ¹ӡۡ
סϵĻڣճöص˾ַͽ̼ĦϹѨȴ£ȥ߷һ񲼰ľУ롣
áӦͽˣǰ鷿
ĸһڵʱȻҽ̫ߣҾǹȥڳҲһССҽݡ
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ˣ
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ճó룬˶ˣ֪ճҪʩȡ
ваô֪ôҽΣҪذǧ˼롣


453 ࣨ£
˼תÿ죬ΪճΪԼβˣһʱ裬ʧľٶ
Ҳȫ۷׷ףæοЩĵض㴿ӣԱ˼ҵĲ֮ʱ
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磬ﲡأȴǲֶС
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ֻǹ죬մĲͳ׺ˣ򻹲ŵһΣ󡢾ģճƷ̸һ磬뿪ʱ

ճβҽϢܿʹ˳ȥ
ʱزסϢũеʱЩţϲ˵ľһЩԡ
˭СӳϢȢϱ˭ʱתˣȻϲĻĸвѧλҽֶߡ
Թһ仰УΪ࣬Ϊҽ
ΧһβرĴ򣬵ȷֵôճЩβʱշѼΪ˳ޡ
һҲôҩСȼ͵κã˶ʱ䡣
ճ֮ӪȴΪԺ㣬ΪˣκһЩˣ˴֮󣬲˼ԼмӣֵҲǻ
ɽկʱľŵˣѵʮŵ㣬ǰһ׵Ĳˡ
մϷⲡеβһʹȥģϷ޲ȥˡ
һΡΡŹȵ˼ʵºӣǿ
˾ڴˮĽϣĽճˡ
˵ճβһ㶼ôշѣҲû˭Ұµ档
һЩ⣬ǽɽԵõɽ⣬ȻҲֵǮȴ⡣


454 Ԯϣ
Сܺεģ˼ſģͺá
ճЦ˵ظı飬ҲЩɾ͸С
Ҳܾ˾ţҲν
ĿĲһƻɽկǧӣһʼĲƲ׼ڳﰲլԺմȥ֮⣬Щǵޱҩҩš
ΪԵ̫ãپϳ˵ĹȻЩݣѲǰЩһ첡ģˡ
ճ飬һҪ
Ϊ˽ɽ׼
ȺƿػɽȱˣʵԼ޵Ľ
Щֻ꣬˺ٵļ״ӣȫţûʸѧϰڹģ˵ǵӣʵάֻɽۡ
ⷽλӽʮ֮ߣ׵ĲգĵزõҲա
ɽµļ׵ĸӵܣյͽܻ϶ǴСССĽɼһߡ
Ȼ͵ŵǸ⣬ɽɳĽԵףӰۼĴڣ֮ܣһֱװ֪ʩչı˲ò˵һ֡
ңȺ޵ǵ似˼뿿ңƽأ̵ͽҲƫһףſԿó
ǫǫӣ񡱾˸дա
װģܼʮһյװģҲԿΪ˵ƫá
һϰճɺӵģΪҽ񡱣ڵȼúء
ճСͯҲˣȺʧ֡
ʲôҵ·λӽҲһ
ճԺȭƽ鶼ˣ͵ȴ߼ҵķӦ
߸Ҫ뻪ɽɣӦþʱ䣬ɽһ̼ÿһͯˣһ̼
ӦҪ˰ɣҪѧѧõģڻؽ磬ﻹ˭ȵɽȺ
ճ߰죬Ūʮֵһֱ᲻ãŴոܲʲô仯
֮ڤڤһĹѪ֮巢֨졣
վ˫ȭء
ӦǴﵽİٽȭˣ֮аճ΢΢Щʧûʲô֮ϲ
ȴʧһЦԼ̫̰ˡ
ӶٶȭİٶȭȫһɣѾǵԼȭݶȡõĳɹ
ôʮʹﵽˣʲôأ
Ȼ׶Σƾڻҵȭͷλ۷ǿ֣Ҳ·硣ǹУڻУҲѾûκεҡ
ճ΢΢꣬ͷѲٷϡ
ЩӣһֱǳȥҽҲŰνΪ㡣
Ƿűɱûл֮
Ա׸ĹȻݡ
ȫ˱ϣճ˼Լȡ˵ĵ·
Ȼѡɱˣɱܵõʵ࣬˵ԵӰ죬˵Ч⣬Ҳô
ʵֵ֤Զ෽ȡֻҪǿܹӰ˵Ϊֵܻ
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ЦȻ壬ճ뵽Ǹ֪ôݵǣǲΪ֪¶һ˿Ц⡣
ҲΪ뻪ɽжᶨ⡣

ԪƽľңΪһֵĵطǰδֹģֵ㱨
˴ν롮ʮˣ˵ٶڼ֮УΨճȴһ⡣
ʮ㿪ʼӰͱģ壬еС͸˼ѧû֮
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ˣǰжͻصᷨǴģֻ˵ز޹أǸʵء
ճܹ⣬һƽϰ֮г˼Ľûס
Ͼճʵ磬ͻͽĴʡ
ľ죬̶̰ʱʹһ⺺ֱӴﵽ˱Ҳ֡
ճݳˣԵ˲٣ϸҲӡķȱȷС񡢸˼϶Ҫǿ࣬ӦǸеļٽˡ
һŰ״µоԱűӣ˹㱨
Ӫ˵Ȼûܶȴżʩʱ̹ע˵Ľ
۲죬һճʵܿ죬ο̫壬ʹµӽ֣۲ճγĵϣܶԺԪƽ
ǣ

һ죬ճȭİٽ±һС֣ЦԱ
ʱ߼ȴĵ
߷˺۾˵˵ٻ֢ԽԽˣѾǵαͻúõһͥȥͻᱻٵҿŮ
͵͵Ĩһ᣺үҪȥ˵Щʱκ˲ٹֲ˳ΪСҽ˵֢Ҳһ֣СסȥˣҲˣӦûᾡٻġ


455 Ԯ£
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Լҷ˻˵ʲôüεĵ˵ɽٳɽǡǺβȥ
аһ֣ǵʿпκٻĲ
˵˵ȥ߳ǰԼŮĲа
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һʱҵˣ˭ܿ϶б£а
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߼ҴСˡ֢ĴţҲ߼ڸȴûзεϣϾ¸ĸġ
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ҽˡ
βȴû̫ϡ
ִᣬҲǲͬѧƣܻΪһ̸
߳ܰ¾޴Ҳȴ׵ġ

ãŴ󿪣ʦү͵ſڣ˵ŶλߺãҼүϵĳǣҳ
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ΪɽţݷһƷС٣ʹɫͳŵľȻǸʦү
ıߵȺ˵ֱܴ衣
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ΪȺǡơʵܵĹҲǼãƾٸܿܶԸ
ڻɽؽĴܣ϶ɽ˾ôġӽɽԸˡ
ϧ֪ǸͰôǿҲĮȻֻ֮һķӭϹ٣Ⱥһıˣ˫۷Ź⡣
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ơ˲֡һѣȺոƵԺתͷǰԾϪկȻѰգ˳̣Ǳ˴˱˴ˣͱ๧άˣЩǿԲݷŹ
ԾϪկɲһ˵Ĺͣȴռ˱˵ıˡɫЩ졣
ͨʱԵʲõĽܴԻɽţϴĸˣȴӦ£±Ͼˡ
ŶԺ⣿ѵиж֣
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˵ڻ棬ˡƽɽߡͷĸ֣
ѵλ
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ͷҪϸ˵ǰһ˴ڴ޺лүԼںˡ
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ǣҲСҽ󣬴ӲЩһ˵Ժˡ
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æϡ
žһԴԼһͣæ˵Ҹ˵úͿˣȫСҽ֮ˣҾӦøл˼Ҳǡ
˼Ҳʮ꣬ĵһ˼ңȻͿˡУףء
Ѳк󸣣ԴһĸƽҴСԺһгϢۼǰϲˡһЩ˴ȤĹص


456 ģϣ
죬ԴѶùȥȫ͵شãӸոճܷ硣šҲһ𣬲ʲôעĵطൣ
һæҡ
Ⱥ˿ôˣЩСҽҲһЩ档
ǶϽˣȻܹóЩַǽСҽΪǿķǡ
һԿ˵ɻ󣬿ЦһҸող˵ԾϪկ˳ɱɽľСҽˡ
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ƽﵹҲˣʱͷ棬ʾЩݡ
赹ûʲô֮ڵյĴܸ֮УԾ˵ʵû䣬ǴμʱǼһ꣬ȫûжСʹشˡԾϪկǺ¤ѵ۸֣꣬˵ôҲ򲻹ġ
购һЩ̾˵ʱҼֵܵʱоοҪһͷû뵽ˣɽկ֮һŹһһʱ֮ڣͰɱ˸ɾһ
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Ӧͷƹˣı¿ˣ˵ĴͷԵУյ͵Ϯ֣Ҳпܡ
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ŮԵֱǾˣķжǸһЩɵΪ֡
˵о֮ôỰ͸˿˿أ
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Լ˵ʱԲע⣬ͱ
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Ů˱ɷ˼ҪĿ棬֮仹ʣȺһ
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˵ͷĻﻹǴŨŨԹ
ۡ
Ц˵ȻȤȫ޹˼ɣк֮
Щ費˵Ҳ֪϶ǵʱų֮ƵλͷҲòò
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ԱߵȺȴôˡ
Юͼ̰ºƾҽʩЩССģͼС
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ԼɷʲôԸ˭˽⡣
Щظľ֮磬Ҳûʲôá
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³ҵЩ棬λСҽҽжߣ㿴˶ڴκһЩֲ˺㼲ʵ񴯣ʲôΣȻ˼ѲҲһƽȷⲻ˵İΰٲ𣿡
򿩿Ц
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ոȡҪ뿪ͼ
ͷһǰ˵ŵ棬Ҽү롣

ճʹӣڸˮһĴլԺ
Ժǰ汻ĳҽݣΪźĴôһЩƣ̶ʮʱ䣬ģ
ȻһȫµĹ͡
ΪҳСͽӴһЩСµӦ֣۰£Ǣ̻ȼܴ׵С
ĳֶȤζճҲȥҽݵֱ֣д˸شáΪơ
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г˼ѾռҵļǴ
մﲡ֮ҲѧһЩ̫̫ʳᾫڲϸоЩӾ֮ͬС
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ճҲССӸǮֵƨߵߵģæǰæĸɾʮ㡣
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һ֪֪׵Լȴӣʡʡ£ʵǺֵ
үүСողСϢ˵߼үѾȥ뻪ɽţ˵ΪٻС顣
߹С˵


457 ģ£
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ã͵仰ء
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ڴ˼ҵܼңȻһ˵滰Ǽٻܿ֡
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߼һʹճͼλ׵Ŀˡ
һ˸߹ڲɫ˫üбɣīȾһ֮
һţĿͣʱ鶯̽
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458 ۹⣨ϣ
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ȺɫȴЩϲ֪⣿ˣĿⶢҵؽڣӦǲ˽ǣǶҵʿ۰
ٿ˿ܣ߸Ⱥϲȴվ󣬿Щǡ
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Σ͵ýеڶ׷ˡ
ճδЦ񿪿˵СţŮ
Ա˵ĽɽҪʦѧҹϰƺ̫ãǿѧˣҲ̫ɾ͡Ȼҽгɾֺͣα˷ʱѧϰأ
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һŭֲ֮ܣԼŮٻĲ᲻ʲôʣ
߳ȺβȴЩ뵱Ȼˡ
ĻɽŵȷǸ书֣ȴҽˡ
ٻĲֱӾͱʾĪ
ˣ߳ŲòűӴӦճԸ߼ҵƼҲһ뻪ɽ
ƼûƼ£ǻɽɡ
ԴȺƻɽһǧɣڽС࣬ɽµĹԱҲŲ̫ʡ
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ֽȫӦ£ڴ֮£ɽɲ׳ҲΪһֱȻ
û㹻ǮƹӦڶӣҲڵ书
һ岻ܿزԴͻɽգοһɡ
̫ˣʳҩǱزٵĶ˵ȻܲǵʳסУҩġ
ЩǮȻÿɽ¸֧Ԯ
ЩһʲƲ֮󣬻ɽԽԽԽԽûԽղͽܣͳһѭ
˺ŷ˵壬ɱҲǲѡ
Ⱥֶʵñɽص˵ÿ껨ʱȥһЩû̫飬ȷΪˡ
뷢չҲֻôÿǮƺܿͻ
Ⱥǿ
ԣɽɲǲͽܣǲռûǮûֵͽܡ
һΣ׸߳ԼҶӰ뻪ɽȺɫ޲ĿǼΪ˷ܣ˫νһļϡ
Ҫ֪߼һȼĸȫǶԻɽ཭ɾԶ֮ģԸйϸ𣬸߳ȴǿһͷԤڣյø߸Ϊͽ֮󣬻ɽɾͻӭµת
Ⱥɨ߸΢΢͸ϲ⣬ճ
ӽȻѧϰ񷨣о֮磬£ȴֵͷ
һ㣬ܿûз֡
Ѫָ׳ճľҲһǿѿʹ1.0ľ
ǿ֮ͱüΪĸоȺЩʲôͲòıԼ·ʽˡ
Լһ㣬㱩¶һʲôҲȲˣһΪ˽뻪ɽѧ
ϾԼȺȫûмֵȲǸʲУûǿ츳յɽ֮󣬶Իɽɲ޶档
ôֻбֳԼļֵƵȺòա
ȻųơӽȻ͵оӷȡ
˵֪ͼ䡣
еɣּʲôòһֵȣüء
һЩù飬Ҳֻ͵͵ȻжԹԹ͵û
ճ;˵棬ȺҲͻɽһ顣


459 ۹⣨£
ճȺ˵ûʣЦȻ˿δ䣬˫ͬһȪ
濴Ծɺȳֻǹ˵ĳҪ̫ߣԣѧʲôܰ뻪ɽɣѧһƤëҲԻԸ㡣
Ⱥ⻰ЦһСѵһ˼
ˣϾʮ̫꣬Сܾ治һ
ȴԽԽоȤˣȴǸоվ٩٩̸ƺʲô뷨
ļǿ
ѵʲôصĵطԼһ뻪ɽǽ
߸һƲƲ죬Ǹĸ°ݵʦʦﶼڳЩ̲סҪ
úãȥ˻ɽѧϳڹʱ²һҲֻܹԹԵĻصߡ
Ҳѹָ߸뷨ΪȺǣǿǴִָ޳Ǹĺӣһɾ͡
ⷬǵű˵ġ
ճõʺϰ߸һ
Ӹµ޿һճһЩü㡣
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߸ǿѹļʣװ£Цſǰճ
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˸˼ĿУճȴǲ˵ţϴĳԾϪկɽһսʱǷһı¹ػɽɵ֪
𣿡
ﲻݣճЦһ仰˵ȫһ
ǣΨһЩͬǣǰ鲻ͷȺЦһ΢ƲҪ˵
飬ճĻȴǰδš
ڽߣɽŶЩϲԵΪȴ˾ռߡ
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һȺ֮ǰ˵Լɷƺ̫ͽܡ
˸ǿԵģӻͷ˵¼ȺЩ̫ϲǰ㾫̰꣬ģͼС
һҪ뻪ɽ˵ɲʲôûš
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ɽɱϾɣѵܰ˵Ļȥɡ
Ⱥ꣬òƢθȴǶСҽ͵úܡ
Ϊ²Сڣһж顣
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ʱƹβ˹ȻǴôĵŮ˿ڡ
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ϵʮֵ˵ûãֻ˵ô̫١
ճɣûβʮˣȺø˵һ仰ʲôҲС
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ô͵ץסᣬȻȺϳǾȫˡ
ͷתճľٶȴûа仯
Լ˵ôɫȻƽνıɵֶ֡
ճתͷŮʱҸүץڵΣۼҪãɱ˿ӳ뵽˹ѺСӣٰѿصλɽɱܣмȻһЩ衣
˵赭дȴķָ߸ϵɫһƬҰף˵ʱһߵĸо
Ҳӿ죬ӦʱգҲǲԸԡ
߸Ͳ˵ˣʱŵûһûɱ˵ĸҹӣͻȻ浶ǹѪ岽
ճΣܹѾףҪȻôܡ
ԴͶϣһΣ֮С
ɽܣϻɱδ˺ۣȴ޸֮Ͼͻɽħơ
ĵļ尾ԺռҴС˵ҲһԸجΡ
ʱճȻЩ£룬ǵʱճûҵƾֵĻᣬֻأ
ЦЦԵʱһЩ˽⣬ɱõҹֻ̨пᡣ
ȺɫҲ΢΢죬ǰ˵겻߿֣漴һ˿ĸо
ôС;ĺɱӯҰ治ɫԣɰѳҲȥһãͻᲽħ


460 ϣ
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ֻ˵һ·ɱ˳Σȴǲ֪ġ
ճ˵Ͷһ٣˿ȺЦЦ˵˵ҴδսֻƾƽɽϴϰһǳôҲԸǵģ̵ܹʤȴΪҴСͱȳǿ֡
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ǰ츳ӦþԼ˵ġ񡯡
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ҲܽΪʲô֮ͨƾһƹɱˡ
츳ⶫûʲôԡ
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ŮȻѩһ֪ʮҵȷɽĽ̸εİܣǵǮƣԻɽɵһıǸ߼ҵʱȥ޶ǮǻҪ˺Ʊɱ˵ġ
ճ˵ϢһŮƨ
Ů˿ɹϵԼܲܽɽܲѧϳڹȺҪ
ճԵĿѾתֱָҪ÷
Ⱥ̬ʮֲˬȻûб¶Ѿӽٲϣ
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ڸ߳ҡһ£һɫ䡣
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θ߸ܹգʵںǽңǸ߼ͷȥԮ׼ʣʵûаô
ճ˵ķӦӶδֻ˵ҵʱСʱ򣬾ԶɻʵɽĲȥ˻ԻԾϪկôܻи֣
µսһʧʱ䣬ɽϴϢȺֻҪһǾͿɴӣĴ̡֮һɽͻƣڱͽ޹ؽʹˡ
һ˵ˣΪϽɱˣطܴˣСӦǸ⣬û˵ɽʲô֡
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ʦ֣ſСҽץʹ˼ˡ
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ȺԿ
ӣҲԶ롣
ȺΨһܼľʦͷǣԼʦõ˵ȺһҪѻɽڷ󣬴˴֮ɽӢɥʦԲǣԲɽ
˵վȻš
λɽ֮ʱɽѹǻɽܱߵٸÿϹɽ̩ɽɽɽҲԻɽհ
Ի͵ʱڡڶ־жˣһʮˡ
һܸ֮ƴʤ
ʱĻɽȺͲ
ĻɽȴֻʣԼһ֣ǸոͻƲõһ㲻ʲôɫ
ʦĺҲ֪
ʱ֮˫ӿͷִչӽɱںͽÿ춼ʦֵȥЩ˿ʼֶεĶԵзļ֡
˫ܲʧͶڣ˫Ƚ۸£˭Ӯ˭ƿػɽ
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еĲȺǺð
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һСģĻɽɾͻʹ˸ûȺͻΪĩš
ѹ֮£ܹûз裬Ѿ񾭴ִˡ
ǣôЩȺյķ֣·ͬеһֻСӣôŬù
ԭǸ緢ڴʦ֣Ҳ͵̡


461 £
Ǻɽ̩ɽѾɽܶδ
ɺ޵ɽɡ
Դţĸѧ̴֯˼ʤ̣һʰµӶţëüΪǿʢ
ֻҪɣ˭˵ɽɵһӢۺܡ
ڻɽȺֻǱ˳һӽҪĲǡǡӡ֡
ף˼ȺƢãײｭͬϽĩˣҲִ

Ⱥÿ˽ӽ
˭ԸҵľأֻǲѰˡ
ԣճ˵ġıŻô𾪡
Ǽ٣һ֪
˻ÿ룬ȷճ˵ĻȺôЩһЩ飬ȴ֪ʵġ
ʦڻɽܱߣ壬ûȡôĳɾͣԽԽ˼ҿ
ԭΪÿһγֻ֣ɱһЩɽСආÿÿ׷ɱһڻԻ롣
ȥ֮ǰЩǿ׼ХʮʮƼ
Ƿ˸ϹȥʱȴֶȫһЩɽһɢɳ
ľͷȴӰ١
Ƿסơ鿴ȺԵʩʩȻȥȫûоη֮ġ
Ⱥǲ׷׷
һֵǺܿ죬˵ǿȥ׷ϿȴôҲûġ
ԾϪկɽ˵ţԼԼһЩ뷨ȻȷѾڿ
һˣ˴ıԸһɽɣԻɽŻһʲ񣬲ҵĹ
һòãȫȻԼܹҵһɣͻԸš
ȺҲˡ
δɥʧǣ֪෽֤
ɿճļڨڨʵЩ֮⣬ʲôϢƾɽȼ仰ƺҲ֤١
ճ΢΢һЦҲȺĲΣ֪ԷѾˣǿŹݡ
ȻѾ֣Ǿͺܺðˡ
ճŲæԼļ
ոձСץúۣӦˣȻȥ÷ҩ
תͷ򣬼ĵĿԼ˴һůŮģ֪ˡ
Ҳӣó׼õĵڶƻ
Ҳ֪һϢûãҲ˵ɡΪҵܺãʲôرԣҾͷһֵĵط
ÿεͷʹһЩֵյǵõȴǵ
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ճ̾ĵ˵ͷֵȻûգƽڽзҲһЩʦݣԵֵܷġ߳أԿնΪ飬ݵΪ
ʱΣǹͣҾͼнҪʹƣ
⻰Ǹ˵ġ
ԴӰŮĿ֮󣬶ȺͲˣֻǿϵĽԾԾԡ
ãҵĽӻûɣ⽣̸ոպáҲͽ±ϵĽ˹
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Ϊ߼ΪĸﻤԺҶͺǲ٣ණǼڶС
һѽճݾˡ
ΪѰζˡ
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ճͨ͸񣬱ֵܷ飬ôֲܷˡ
ﰵ֣֪ȴ
һƣ뻪ɽѧյͻ϶ʮþȡ
ӹճ齣ʣͼһˮӳӳչ⣬͹â
⽣˿š
ŮõĽƯ
ﰵ̾ѽճ̧ͷʵǣҾͿʼˡ
Ⱥͷ˿óһռ䡣
ճý֣߾ٹһ¡
ٺƷֱȫޡ
߸վԶҡͷЦȻʹʦ˵һ㲻٣ͲѧĲϣ⽣ʹ̫ѿˡ
Ⱥܾճ뻪ɽпֻѹСһͷ
û˶ãȴƱ仯ʦĸȻȤпܰյǽ
ɹСȫûлǺã
䣬ȴճʹѿĽָ
ⲻԾ·ʹ뻪ɽԺҲֻǶɽˣӦû˻Ҫˡ
߸Уһ룬Ⱥȫء
ǿʣʱȴܿճһ£ʲôһʮֳĵ
˵ʲô㣬ôסѪսʮʽˣȫһЩɽʦȫǻġ


462 ɽˮϣ
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ܶʾ֮ܣճһˡ
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𾪵ǣһнȻϵã졣
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ԼڹȥонڣȺš
Ҳ˲ȥȺķӦճԹԵʹһн
һ죬ƻգ⵹һɭȻ֮ԾС
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Ҳüɷһ˵ǰһɽʮ·еƹС両࡯һЩɽ󴨵ζôҲϴġ
ճȺѾһ߰ĳˣļıĳ˵Ѿ
ֻǽŰԺµĽݳ
бȺΪءĽǵͷʹƽɽʮߡעһŲɹͳʣƴһսկ۵ʹֻһԢͰƽɽ˸ɸɾ
ճʹľͲˣǲ˵ԼͶһ
ʱճһ䴩۵ͷ­һɣͼźԶĵһӹ࣬ǽϡ
ճʮ񣬶ü죬һͻ͸
˾У˷ʤճʹȻûȴҲǽһʹ̵֮⡣
ͬ߻һס
ӡȺ̲סˣƿڴ
ճóĽϤòϤ
µӶ̺ˮãӴɱľС޲Ѫ
һвһ꣬öò֤ʲô
֤ɽɺͿʼı㻪ɽɳ̵ǿʱԻɽ
ûɽµҹð̸Ϸչ
ҰģȻҡ
ɫ磬ֱճеĳ⼸н
˼һᣬȻ̧ͷȻʣȴ˵ʦֲضŭ׻˵ˮڡּıվϲ̨Ķǰ֪ҲˣѾ׶˭Ҳûʲôˡ
ţ
ȺͷָֻƽﵭȻŵֻ̬ǿճĿЩѰˡ


463 ɽˮ£
ȺЩΪѣôԴճ
Ϊһţһһдɵ棬£¶ý
һճе˻ɽһ飬ӦҪ뻪ɽôҲ˵ȥġ
գ´ȥˣֻ˾ûɽɡӽӲţ˲̫صʧ
ôճ뻪ɽֻúǲˬ
ʲУãģ½µúʲôô
ͽ˹ȥһԽͻòǸɽĨ
ˣһ취
Ⱥӣǹһŵ𣬼ȻճʲأãǾ͵塣
ܵڽ޿ɺǣ
ɽǷһ飬ҪӦˡ
Ⱥų룬ĵ˵
ճһ㶣ŴϲҪаʦ
ʦȲʱϾ˵㣬ϰͽΪԣܵ洫Ⱥ˵
˷ʮ꣬Ļ֪Ⱥʲô˼һɫˡ
ȴ棬鲻òˣʵûʲôȤζӵŵ۵ˡ
ʱ˵ǲͽ˵ӣûдﵽڹҲû취
ⲻǵ𣿺ã㲻գա̾Ϣһɷò̫ص
ǰĴһճȳƣĿôôȻЩҲʧΪһõˣǣ˵
뻪ɽѧգΣ
ճϲüЦæʦ˵Ը⣬Ը⣬ʦҪҪڰʦһҪ߼ҵĲˮһá
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򱻶áЦ
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ǸŸɶû츳ְ鲻òյĵʵʩһַԡ
ٽһЩ£Щͻɽ
ü˾ͼˣȢ޾ȢޣʵҲ㲻ʲôɽˣֻǹҸͷ
˼ںɽСںɽҲˣûѧʲôĽڹ
ȻҲôȥǻյ΢û̫Ч
Ҫ֪ʱһʱҲһִһ꣬͹ȥꡣ
С˽Ҳ֮߰á
ôʱ䣬ֶûﵽչҲ̫˵㣬ȫûִ֮
˺ͳӷּʣɴ˿ɼһߡ
˰ʦ½Դϲ
ճһãǿȺźҲоʦʵһЩ
ɽѧĶҲѧӻᱻȺܵģҹؽԼȴˡ
˭óȺԸº̫̫࣬Ͽ
ֻҪʦ棬µҲ̫ܵࡣ
ֽʵڱȵõıҪɹ
ʦͽϵ߼Ұ磬ף˰ʦ뻪ɽɡ
ȺҲסһ߼̸ÿ깩
ڶ죬Ⱥϲģճ߼ҳѪ١
ոҵӾһãֵɷչӿ졣
ɸطһپ٣һɽȴռ˱˵ġ
ܸһ׵
ߵʱճһ׺˵ǵãȻ͸Ⱥ뿪˻
г̴ҴңҪŻɽ飬;Ҫȥ֤ĳЩء
õճϢʱȻͬŻջ
µʱ򣬵ȻôżȥɽֻԼһºľž֮ʱɵǰɽš
ճҲֵˡ
ͱŮʦֻ֮صβҩ״̬֮ȥˡ
һΣ¾͸ûй˼ɣֱסռҵԺմ
һԭҲоƣҪճҩŵ
һԭ˵ڶڱǿһǱļбزٵһ
ķճҲЩȣòԼЩĶ
Ϊ˾ĻָʵǿǣҲ˲Щˡ
ֻҪõİ취ûǵá


464 ʦʦãϣ
֮ʱģʽһǰͰ࣬ʱһѣΪټȡʳеӪѪȭվ׮ʱսȻȻ
һʼ֮
ĥʱ䣬Ȼ֮⣬һƫŷԽΪԵӹ
ͳеĹҺǲмʹõģһЩɢȭȴʹãǾŴ򹦡
ʹ̼ǱﵽٽͻͽЧ
ճһξ׼ַȹĵһ
Ϊʲô˵ƫŰ취أ
ΪдеͳȦ̫ᳫ廹ûɵʱ򣬾øִ̼˵ǰڻϿ죬ʱ֮ڼЧ
ӳԶȴǵòʧ
Ǹ˵ഺɳٵʮ֮ΣʱͿԳϰ򷨣ѪͷศɣӶһɻ
޿ʼ𣬾Ϊ˷ֹ̫Сδʱ̫̿࣬Ӷ°ˣԭܲĴˡ
һϸʦʱµ׺˵ϰڹ֮ǰĸ
ճ֮ͷ֣һصƵһһһգġ
һЩСŵϾ˺΢΢Ҳøӽ
¸տʼʲô֮ͷֲǳǳİӡ̺ۣԼԼޣϸƤֱϸ⻬һϲͷͬСɡ
̾뵽Ȼ޸ãǹ;Уνʮ֮ǰ̫ݣ˽ǵ˵ȻͲڹ硣
ϰ򷨣һøһЩ
ĸ籩еĸƼ沨ˣȫղԼ˵ܣѱӣҲЩı䡣
ӵбԼʵǺõġ
ԣĥŴŰԼ
ճֵѪֵķԼ徹Ȼδǿ׳Ȼǻĳ⣬400ʵǿṩһ㡣
оƬϸϸ۲壬ȻҲֻܲ²صԼ⡣
ͬʱڵͽԪԣʮСʱݵøһ㣬ܹǧ󴸣ɵ
Ҿݰɡ
ҲǴӻĸʣǿ׳ڡ
һԭչǺ¾ˣ룬ճͲٹ顣
ֺܹãԼøȺʵһ仰û˵ϰڹ֮ǰĻ
ͬ
ûǿ壬Ѫ㣬ôṩϰҪݣҪǿѧϰ˵ûãͻŪˣ¡
Ľɱ˼ֱ߹԰үү̫̫Ϊͬÿһȫ
˵˾͸еıһ
ûǿ׳壬֧Ų˼н˳ҲĻӡ
ճڸ߼ҿ֮бݣģ³һӣɱȫޣѧٺҲû˵һ¡
ϻɽһʱ䣬ճȻ㰴Ͱһ߹ǰ·µѣҲŴ򹦣ٷҩĽԡ
ڷϴȡڶʱ֮ڣ
ǣճÿβʱ䣬͸һ
լԺÿͻء
֣Ų֪ġ򡱣˷ԸļִУļҪ١
ճȻԸˣʱţ͵ͶԶԶģҲߡ
ΪĹͣճ˵ʽû˿ȥҪȻոȵСҽܻܿᴫ̬Ĵš
Ϊϲ˴򣬻ϲСľݺݵĳ˼۵Сҡ
Ǹݰһһۣͬвкɣҡҡ׹
ˣͻˣ쵽ɡ
ճЩ̣ĴˣЩ˥
Ʈţ֪
ٴһᣬһͦסӲŲӣ£Ļش
ǣճͲٿڣԺˡžžĹ졣
ҲƴˣȻۣǾͳȫ
ŴҲ˭ģʽϰһӾϴùӶ֣Ҳ˭ʤεġ
ճִﵽ˻ʦ磬Լ弫Ϊ˽⣬ÿһ鼡⣬ÿһָܳܶơ
Ҳˣ֮ǰѾϰҴƴﵽڵĲΣľҲǺɡ
ᣬأȲɲ޸ĴˣҪüȫٽ㣬ʱǸʱֵ
ˣϴ裬ҩˣһϵʱ޸
ϰȭȭ׮ϵѪۿһһǿʢ
ۼϻɽʱͿҪճҲʱ׼̣͵Żɽˡ


465 ʦʦã£
ճЩľͰĽ֢һɨգҽҽβõĲˣֻҪرżģ͵Ǽᡣ
пɽ֪ͨҽΡ
ִǹŴȫһ˾١
˳ٲ޿ɱ⣬
ûгִѻĲ֢ճʱʱĻһ
ÿһֲˣͻһ֡
ģϴҽͷ˻⣬ճҲĸ
شͲ±˲β
˵òճԺҪ㹻Ǯָԣʱ򻹵ÿ
ɽɵֿȺı־ͿԵ֪൱ѡ
뿿ɳ
ڵȴճҲûдһżĸɽɵķС
ͨɽѧ԰롮磬ҪΪţ뻪ɽѳɶ֣ҲĿλֲ˼񡱵ĹϵĲ
ǺεȻִķڴ˷磬Ųѡ
ȻҲ̫У˵Ӫеܱһʱɢⷽ磬Ǿͻʱ䡣
ֻҪ֮ڰȰ˵ȥͻû¡
ճȥѯʣС˽Ů˵״Լȥҵ
ȷϢʡʡ
Ʋ֢˳·ãûΪ˱˶ԼοҲ㲻ô¡
½վŰ׮˫ĥ½
ſдꡱ죬СƷȻǿ
ϰĺÿʳʳϹŴ
´һСŮˣһŮкֻһʱ䡣
ճĬĬ㣬ΪʱȭӦٽȫšһɣʰ
ͷ͵ԾϪկĶկկҲԱ˵ʤԷҪʧȴҲѡ
ȭߵ·ӣڵͼûʱԽսпܡ
زŴǿʵЩòʧ
ټʱҲת۾͵˿ɽӣҲֹͣŰԼķΪ
ֻҪɽһʱ䣬ò˶೤ʱ䣬Ӧܴﵽѧϰڹż
ССڼ𣿡һŮ˷ܽ˺Ժ
Ů˶ʮͷͣɫʱȴüͷ΢壬ƺŻİ
ܽԺӣºúõһվһԵϢϾ¶ĵЦݣ˵Сû˰ɣҿҿ
ǰȥµ鿴Բĵѿ
㣬ôЩѾûѾһ䡣
Ÿٻ·²˼ЦŶ㿪ʮ
ߣ㻹ЦҲǲ³ӻŰ㣬ùʹ飬ںģ㰡㣬Ժ󶨻ᱻԵġٻɸֵ˵
һ˵ŻһߺԱߵճһۡ
ճʮεһԣøߴߴ
ԴǴþκøٻ֢֮Ѿ߳ɥӱʹ֮УһһãҲһһ
ȴǲ뷵طңֻסڻ鸸ĸǲ봥顣
ճȴǰĪˣѾǲһҪԼȥĿûʹġ
ٻˣһ˴ģϲ˴ţСıʮϲʱʱܹơ
ռҿ£Ȼ߼ҴС㣬ʮ־㤵һĻ
ճСֱ۴ֵĹӺݺݵĳԼұãȴǽ촽һԣ¡
⻹ˣ
ٻʳĸʨһճ˺ҧŪЦá
ºһͨͲŰҲ֪˻ǲš
ճ޵ݣ߿һԣ¸ЦֱŮвƢƯŮˡ
òײסЦݣʵ㣬㲻˵ҪĸƷ׼հݼɽǰͷ㣬пչ
ȥʵͿˣƫƫ˵ҪѡԳġˣҲ˵£ɽɽɽļ˲һ۾ۣԺɾˡ
ףôûˣ˵Ҫ̣ʱʰʱɾˡ
ٻһɻճ˻˼Ժⲻ̫ҪԶеӡ
ʲô˭
ճüͷһ壬һˣӦûɽ˵ĵӣֱȥ˸߼ҡ
ʱ˵Ҫһɽģʱѿ쵽磬ٻҲţȴûһɽӵӰӡ
ô˵İ
ճ룬ɫҲЩˡ
ٻƺʲôɫҲЩ޵˵ĸɽӣͷƺǽдʦ֣С˵ܸæŷУΣһСͲ󣬺ǻãͷСʦá
ճϸϸĥһ£ӦһС
Ϊɽɴʦ֣ʦʦûճе£ҲֻĽʵʸɽߡ
СʦõľȺıŮɺˣɽϴúܣɽҲ⡣
ͷȻǻɽɵĽӰۣ͵ŵ


466 ãϣ
ʦ֣ѵɽ˴ε˻һС
߸ոӭ˻ɽʦýºȲ裬ûһᣬȫһ֪ͣôˡ
Щ˻ûɽ֮ǰ߸Ѿڽϴ˻ɽɼλʦֵԸǴʦ壬˵λñÿɽڳϹһЩˮ
ⲻɽˣ仹һССĻƤ«֪֮
뵽߸Ц֪¥³һֺþƣɽ𣬲ʦͣȥƷƷ
ãʦԺܺ⣬ѹʦ࿴أԺɽϣʦ㡣ڻǵͷߣ㰲ˡ𣬺׵˵
üĿЦһţ˵Ű׳԰׺ȵĻҲʮ
о뵽Ⱦƣȷһҡ
߸ﻶϲ֪仰Լ˻ɽͿԸˡ
ߵһĿֺ࣬Ķʮ˾׳ҲЦʦһڣʦʦнɽܺȾƣȵð£ҪǺ̫ðɡ
ǿЦЦһס׳ļʦͲҪɨˣÿҴɽľˮǺȵһߣȥǸʲô¥ʦ˵涼ˡ
˻һЦȥ
ֻվԱߵһŴɫŮʱЩĵĵʦ֣㲻˵ɽ˾ȥε𣿻Ҫȥˮʦľ񡣡
Сʦãżⲻǿ쵽𣿵ȳ˷ȥɣʳΪ죬ҪˬЦţӦһ䣬͵ȳȥ
Сʦö˶ţҲûĵġߡһ͸ż߳߼ҡ
Ǹͷ׵ͷ߲һԣƺû̫ڸС
Сʦɺһʲô˵ײ˵ͽܣôҲг
߸ɫЩΣ˵ʲôȴʦ˵ʦµõӣΪ򣬸ǼǲһġǲҪˣʦ˵Ҵˡ
ôЩʦ˿ɺˣƽʳסУһڲٰ죬ʱˣ԰㽣𣿡ɺ߷߲ƽҲû뽣ǲҲƲң
е£ЦСʦõĽʦ洫ҲǶ֣ǻɽŮʦôҿ㡣
ͻ˵ٻƭˡɺﲻȻ
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ĵĽ߰벽ߵ׳ߣʵʦ֣ô£Ϊʲôǻ̫һ
ȫްǺЦʦʦЩ壬һЩͶ·ĹŮʦǹ¿ʹɽϣ̵һЩǳաƽҪһЩ񣬱첹ϴѣô׼ʳƽҲûжʱϰ䣬ŵӵǰ;硣
ŵӣ߸ˡ
ȻУʦ㲻Ϊǻɽǽܺýɣͨ˽뻪ɽҪŹ۲һʱ䣬仹ĥԣˮһЩġʵǱֺܺãϰ츳ܱʦΪ״ӡʦһžͳΪ״ӣˡ
߸һϲ֪ȺΪʲô࿴ֻΪԼ츳ѧţȺһϲˡ
ĵĻ˵ɽ֮ãܳΪɽ״ӡ
˵ԼһϻɽͰ˦ԶԶģ
øˣʲôϢʱֻҪ˼һġ
뵽߸Խˣڵż¥
¥ΪǰһɫСӡ
ˮۻƣ£ͻᷴ׹⣬ȥͻӳԶççȺɽ߶á
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߸ͣȻһЩӲŵʮ꣬ڼѾ꣬һЩͬˣǲ
ﲻȱǮƣƽΪ󷽣¥˺ʮֻӭ
һ˽Ƕ˼ֹþƺòˮһķ˸ﳪС
һλϵɨü¶繬װŮɵ׵٣ǳǳ
ճմ¶΢䣬˫ȥ
ձ࣬͸ع⣬컧
ҹƾ·
дʹؼĴ֪δ
þƣ
ÿһ䣬ͺһ룬ȵľ䳪꣬Ųʣֻʮֳ죬ߵʦ˳˼֡
þƣþơ
ɽԣƽͰ͵ģΪɽɴʦ֣㻨ǮҲǺ٣ҪȾҲֻȥϽֹȡһЩֶûеҾơ
νҾʵӾƣ඼һЩӺ;дֺȣܴҲ죬ܺȵȥ
ʲô±ȣ;ƽԼȵҾȫȻڣȻðѻƤ«ľȫٹһЩȥС
ﳩ֮£֪Ͷ˼룬ֻƽҲǶ˼ζ


467 ã£
ɺҲڸ߸ڵȰºСֻСʹ
弸ֻǿųСŮˣ˷ɫ͸ǲÿˡ
һᣬ˵ҳԱˣЩƣʦ֣Ҫǳȥְɣ
忴˿üͷ塣
ôȵǵһٳŰɣȵð뺨ȤСʦóȥΣǲûȤ
ʦñ𼱣ǻöһᡣ
ɺоԽƣ͵ȳȥ䡣
Ȼת¥͵ŵæȥ߱ߵСʦãҸһЩȥﲻɽϣɵСĵ㡣
һߺȵͷЩˣµ󡭡ʦ֣СʦԼȥֲ°ɣҪʦ֪ˣܵġ
û£ʦܸأϳɳأӲ£ȫúܡ
˵ֵ꣬һƣһڹ븹Уֱˬ졣

ɺþ¥ֻоػһŽ˼ҲЩȸԾȥתת
߹֣ҲûҵΣûҵˮģҲǲ֪
ⶼǴʦɽϸе飬Ҳ֪ʵǽʲô
ʱоʹˣֻþⷭһɹͷҲЩΣȻŻ֮⡣
ʹûкˮô죬ˣɽһ㶼档
ɺС죬۵СһţЩθɽˡ
һʹϮƺһͷкˮ£Ա͵ŵϸģæʵСʦãǲﲻҸطЪЪŰɡ
û¡
ɺǸǿĹʹҲ˵ڡ
ڻ̫죬֪ȥЪš
ʱʹ̧ȥңԶ
ܿƹֿڣȻԱ˴Уŵ㣬ȥŶӣҪˣ죬ֵʹܾá
һԷĺӣһϸҵǰ
֣ҪøλøңʮǮɺá
УʮǮֵʲôʮӶãҴԶĴ˵˽죬ҽҪϻɽ˭֪ɶʱٴοòõġ
һнģ˿ᶨ˵㻹ʵŶӰɣҲʱ㿴ǱߣĥҪˡ
Զлһͨ棬ڼҴҸһһ߽ͨʲôʱģϽģҵղ֪ΪΣʹġ
Сҽɽ
ɺЩɻĨĨϵĺǰųһĶʮ˶飬ֱզࡣ
֪ʲôЩ˽ģһŽ˶֮С
ոս鲻ãģֻԽԽ֪ǰСҽæù
СʦãⲻǻشţǸҽݣ岻ȥҲãҽָоЩϤ
͵ŵеĿɺɫЩǵ˵
ǰʦ֣ƺ˵ף˵յĵӾͿһһشãǱҪǵġɺײҵ˵طЩ
ǻʲôӣֱӽȥǲ͵ˣû´ĻСҽӦþλСʦܣղ˵գܿҪϻɽ͵ŵ
ֱӽȥ಻ã㿴˶ʦܿأǵ˼ҵĲ飬ᱻ˵лġ˵ҪԼ֮Ķˣ֮Űɡ
ɺЩ⶯漴ѹ뷨
Ҳã͵ŵÿɷҲžŶӡ
ǰȺͰҲάǾԷţж¶ϣĹâ
Žȥȫɫ·ѾӲųȴȫݹŲ졣
ʱʱˬЦ׿ҽݵʮ𾴡
Ҳû̫ݵλ֣֮Ǵ󸹱ǮˣҲԸݡ
Ϊ֪Ĵ򲢲̫ûǮͱκˡ
˲ãͿֵɺˣСҽβٶʮֿ죬һʮ
ŴӲЦݣȵòŴͣһСľͰﻰ˵˳
һյ蹦򶼲ãκˣҽǷ
СãһɣСҽô񣬶Ϊլʺʵڿ𲡵ģĲȡҽǸߵûˡκ֢ʲô£벡
ǰһķŮ조ЦɺϵСʮֺ档
ӣҽݻȥ𣿡
ɺЩ⡣
ͲˣСһλŮҲһٳ߽ɡ˵һ˵˲µʲô
βãûϣ
ɺԼĸʹ
ⶼһʱˣҲһЩҽȴһֱûܶϸÿһαضʹȥǨվãʱ䶼˺ܶ࣬ȫвע
кܶʱɺﶼǻҰġ
ĽľǴʦˣһ㶼ϧԼ壬ôڶҽúüˣ׶׿ڿޡ
ϣˣϣСҽܶⲡа취ɣŲõʦ֡ʦֽҺˣһӣⲡֵġ
ɺžЩʧ䡣


468 ƣϣ
ɺ˼ģǰŮӻͷЦⲡţµǵβĴ򲻿ˣǾˡ
ԣ˼Сҽ˼ҲǮҲǲûǮŲ⡣иҲ֪ˣ˵᲻Ὺģ
ȻῪģǮǮֻռˣҽȿľͲǱ˵ĲԼĲɵɺҲЦˡ
Щ˿ʱ򲻵ǮǮ
˸⡮شáΪӪ޷ά֣ʹ˹Ŵ󼪣ʱǻȥҽβ
䣬ܿ죬ֵǰŮӣɺҲСҽ
ǰһʮ꣬ʮģɫţл̣Ҳ̧ͷȴΪǿ
ɺһִ·𿴵Լҵű棬Ҳһţһоƿء
ǵڽͽܡ
СҽȴƿҽݣӦûβõĲɣɺţܷκԼĸʹֶ˼ġ
ǰǷŮӽЦǰСҽ鷳ҿҡ
˵飬ҿˣСëͺáȻȥһץҩģÿһ죬Ϳɶϵ֡
ճЦЦϱ룬Ա¸һϴ
Ĳ̫࣬Ϊ˷ֹȾ
ûдȾΪ˸һοҽݵý¾ͱز٣Ҳ֪
ŮճץЦţճޱҲΪ⣬ֻǺ
ճͿŮӲʲôˣҽݣѧãҲ̵˴ơ
Ůӵ˲˵ڵĲҲ⣬ҽ߸ĸģξΣĪʲԴ
̣֧ţëϸͲŮֱѨλ֮Ծ
Ůȫţɫͨ죬һᣬ﷢һתžʹڴڵĴ
۾Ҫγˮˡ
عŮҲЩ˼ͷСʵСҽҵĲκ𣿡
ˣѾ㰴ץҩͻ¡Ժɵŵ㣬̫ŬˣСıаճ¶Ц⣬룬ʡৡдһŷӡ
ʼԾһӶ͡
ŮӰճһۣһңճǰ̨ϣлһͼȥ
ŻƺʹţרΪץҩ
Ůô󵨣˿ţҲЩܲסˡ
ɺӳ˳飬ŵһɼŵζʵʲôζùŹ֡
ŮӸߵűϣɺ˵¾һˤڵء
æסſͷˣ߳ߡ
Ȼߵ޵ݣŲ죬ʱȴ࣬ȻѾõò࣬˶һ㡣
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˵βӶڸ䣬ճ
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ıصزճֻ˵ҲˣȥѰһ˿շʦһ㡣
һǰβԭ򣬾ճһ˽ˡ
ԹΣβֵ˶˾͵õˣǿκõжӰʼжϵǴˡ
Լ͵͵ľһˣ˵Ϊ֪ҽһ־֢һֵûеġ
˵ȥ˾̾ֵܲˣһӡ
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469 ƣ£
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Աߵ͵ŵҲ룬øϸһЩճʮǿ׳ҸֵȣߵСҲĿѪȡ
ɽŵӱҲһҲ
ճһ˵ĿˣԼһ¾Ŵĳţҩﲻƹϣȡ˷˶ĳɹʱ˲ͬ
Ҳͣǣܶ飬˵Ҳ˵ֻɺ˵ɡ
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ƽù룬ɺƲţںϹѨһʹȥջʱָСָһһϸ΢ֱġ
ʵһַմֵԵúֱõݽǷ۳΢΢
Ե͵ŵһݣйâȴЩɻ󲻽⣬Ϊûֵĺۼ
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Ů˵ǳȴһĥҪμѡ
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ճ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ȼо仰˵úãҪƭˣȵƭԼ͵ŵ쳤վõԵ֮УʱԼɽһԱһʦʦʦʦõĻɽʦ֣ԼΪ档
Ҳѹɱ½ȡϼ֮ǰ˭Ҳ벻ǸԵ׵ġ
½ӹӣǰסɺ˵СʦβǵЪȥ
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ͷȵôˣץһͮͮ˻ҧţ˵Ż
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470 ܣϣ
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471 ܣ£
κӷҲòȥһԭôҲܰϮÿҲһƤˡ
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СʦãȿȡԲ۾뿪˵һֱķΣǺҡҡλΣûڵء
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ź˼ԺͣһᣬҲӰ١


473 £
ڶɫոճѾ˹
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Ҳ˵Ǵģ弸У߸Ž֪ʶȤ
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Ǹ߸Ÿִ㣬ҲԼ̫ɵ

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474 ϣ
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ɺĴæͣס˲ӣ˵ʦ֣Ҫǽһ㣬̽һǰǷȫ
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͵ŵҲޱ飬ֻǸǰУɺЦЦ˵СʦãڳϱеҲµġ
ĿŹУпҲûš
ճʾΪȻЩȫ˶߷硣


475 £
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ÿļͦ󣬲У˵ӣ


476 ɽϣ
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479 Ԫ£
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ⲻܲ˵һ硣


480 ˭ǴӢۣϣ
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Լûʶһ㣬ֻǵ÷Ķ壬ȴǵԱһֱ谮мӵʦʦ
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˵ǰǴ򲻹ԷҲͰˣλɵƫƫЩϧˡ
ͿԿﲢжɺޣҲЩٵѰ̼Ůж
˴壬ǹŮ˵Ĳء
ˣ˼ʱСƽ֮ݵŮȹװӵļһڵǽǣƺҲ˱Ȼ


481 ˭ǴӢۣ£
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482 Ʒףϣ
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һΣȲҪĳ˿ԣҲҪĳ뿪ȻΪϷ
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Ԭֻ׷룬һŵ뱻ĳ̫ԶٿǸӰ
̶ʮȭľȴԽԽǿ־ҲԽԽᶨھһЩϵ·ɽѧ԰
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483 Ʒף£
Ԭ֪ճϵã𲻿ĵǴοԡ
ҲûƷˣҷƢ˵ճһƣȴҲֻ˵˵ѡ
һԺЦЩ˷ˣȫУȥǲǾú֣ȫȥģһЩѧľҩͣȴҪϰŴ򹦣ȻͿƼĳЩ˱

˵ŻͻȻɫŹֵĿеĹƺʱŷԭҲǡˡһԱ
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Ԭ²ֿʱȴֲ˵ˣֻǿԶ˵оԺϢӽ꿪ʼʵʩµĽ˵ʺڡУٶͬѧȡýռȻʵ˵ˣǰճµĳɹ鸴Ƴ
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ճֻ䣬çӦǱ˵ǹʹˣңĻػ˽̹
ɽɵӲ࣬ŵɲСЩ̲סˣ̽ҡճﰵȴæ𻰣Сʦʻ
ҪΣɺҲ֪ç˵ļѧϰŮʮŽŪˣ£ѧ
Ҫ䡣һ仰ɵ˵˳ޱȣȻ롣
ɺҡҡͷǵ׾飬ʲôϵɽʮ죬Ԫò̫죬ھ͸䣬Ҳ±˵ԴС
󺺶ʮңϻ˺룬ȥʮˡ仹ģճ˦ȥԶ˵ԴСҲ˵ùȥ
ڴ󺺱ɺ˵ϹҲסȴŲȻ£ҴǵСԤó
ɽӸոճԹͲãȫǺԶ󺺴𣬾Ӱ£
һЩָָ㣬ʱЦڿճЦ
˵ļǲɽ֮ǰЩͣҲֱܾӵԤӰҶɽϴ꣬û̵ءһ˲޵˵
ɽ꣬Ҷ꣬ûʸ׶һУ˹ģʵ϶УҲ˷ѣ
һ̾Ϣ
мȴϴЦĿճһԣƺڵſЦ
ճоƬƣͰЩ˿УǼϢǿкڵС
һλСͿԼҲ˼꣬ԵֵĶŪϵĶβ
ճۼ⣬˵Ŀʱʱεɨڶʵȴڰע̬չ
һλɫľȻĿĶʮ꣬Ŀ䵭ĿԳкڴ󺺵޶ԣƺôĻ־硣
һ˵ķӦʹˡ
һӢ˧꣬üб°΢΢߰˵۾ʱʱ̿ڸˡ
۹ȴǿźڴ󺺣һ˿ɻŭ
ɺȰ˵ڴ󺺲Ҫ֮ʱճѾһȺˡ
ڳæµµˡ
ǰľôʦġ
ɵôѵӢҲ꣬д
۾ˢˢĿӢ꣬ĿȫЩˡ
Ӣս״СʦܾͲҲ̫Ե˰ɡ
üͷ˿ͻȻ˵ӢްŵģҲʮ⣬ɴɵսĻӮ˶ûôϸ޹⡣
ĵ߽ճ˵Ǻɽ֣ҵĺӣ֣ܣܴ󣬵а˰ٽŵڵߣʦܣ򡣡
ŵ߾а˰ٽճЩˣ˸ûһģȻ
ƽӢ޵ģ֪շʲôͿõҡ
Ǹſһֻ˭ճЩ²⣬һʽΪ
½УҲǴСʦΪʦּһ㣬ߵúܽƽʦֶΪչˣ˹ϵá
ϵõ˼ճȻףԸ񣬿϶ûָ˵Ľĵ˼˱Ƚ
ˣճĸӦ½Ŀ˿˿⣬Ȼ֪ԭʲôƶϳǰһĻӦþ˵ֱˡ
һӵģû뵽ļƣçҲ䣬֪˼Լ˼
ճЦǺڴﳳ£Ѿͣǰ˵ɵǰɣҲ֪ɵװɵȻǰ£ãҾ͸һᡣ


489 ս£
֣ŭݸո𣬾ճӦ䣬Цˣ׼ʽ֡
ɽɲѺд裬ͬȴǲģõԷͬĻǾû̫ϵ
Ͼɣ¶ԡ
ˣǰֻ֣һ£ճ²ֱ̨Ͷ֣Ⱥ֪ɲô˵
ճӦ䣬ȫһƬ󻩣УճֻǸոɽԪϰãʱȻɵлֻҪͷӦҲû˭ܱӦս
֣ȡֵһҪ֣Сʦһֹġ
̫СܲüɵȻûѧὣȭǺܲģȭȫʱܸɽĴƴһƴ
ˣӢʦѧ̫泤ȭԵַҲ㾫ô֡
ǣ䶨ˣϧѧȭ֮󣬱£ȵѧὣ׽ϼ˵׼мֻõ״ӣ
Щ˿֣ܵЩˣԴȥ˽±Ƚ֮УӮ˵ʱȷΪԤӵĹ⣬׽ϼʱ͵ŵƴʮгΪ״ӣﶼһɻ
ԤӲȡ֮ܳͷȺȱ˶ôһֻᡣ
˭˵ɵһоأҲ֪˭⡣
õӣʱȴûһ˶ճʾͬ飬Ҳû˿Ϊʵ̫ˡ
һɽ͵õԤ󻹸ŸС׻һβ£Ůӹɵġ
Сʦɺ̫ߣָʦһЩ붼룬ȴǸոϵɽЩ̬ʱͿճЩ˳ۡ
һǣСʦɺ֪ΪҲСߵúܽʦɽڼ䣬λСʦþȥòʲôһ£
Щ˵̬ճۻ𣬷ơ̰գ󲻵áԼòҲñ˵ĺãʱԼù̬Ӷࡣ
ԭȻԼոɽûбֳеλ
ǸСŮǲ˼սֻԼˡ
οл˴
ȻճӦ䣬ֻ¶һ֣λɵƣ»
ϻɽ֮ճʵʵҲҲ㲻Ͽ죬ֻ˵²
ǣɽѾƷֵʵͷĽٶȾȫˡ
ɽ·;֮лˡơ֮ʱճõʮֵ֮ͺܾûֵˣÿ쿿Ԫ
ʱ䣬Ҳֻ˼ʮûдﵽ߰ٽ
ֵһԭ򣬻һԭǽ峿ɷһҩ裬СԪ
˵ɽѰĸֲҩƶɵҩܴ׳ѪǶԡԪкô
ճһţоѪ飬վ׮ȭѪ֮󣬷ֱӶʮһá
ɺ˵ΪҩѰҲףÿҲֻһЩʱ֮Ҳÿ˷š
ҲճһɻЩɽԵúܲʳز㣬ȴƫƫܹԲٶǿΪЩԪ
еĻɽӶȺĴ澴ηȫǰԭҲڴˡ
ճϧԪʱ£Ǿͱ˳ֵЩô
ͣ
ǺںҪֱӳ֣ճֹ
㵽״ǲ򣬴ġ֣ｹԷȻɵôӦ䣬ϲ⣬ʱճͣΪ뷴ڡ
ճЦȴǲԷֺ˵ҸոյʦڡԪʱŵúܣνĴǲӦġ
µͷĻ˷ѵʱһҲûʲô
ʲôҶ㣬ֻҪҴ򡣡ܰԤӴ򵹣ȻԤӣ֣Ӽ򵥣ѾȲˡ
Ͷ
ճ־óŰɫҩ裬ɢҩ㡣
Ԫôңճͳҩ裬Χ˺˼֣ǻɽѵõĸҲǸŴɳԽɽݵһҪ棬ÿӶʮȱ٣ȫ䱦ôó˶Ķ
ѵʲộΪԼʤ
תͷ֮ԺһʮˣǸոɽѧգʲô̫£
˵ǱȼﻹżֲɣǶȭƾͲɺӡ
ûôҲ䣬˭
ʦܣ㡭ɺˣȻʱʱĽССӡʵκճĸмοǰء
ʱֹľٶ


490 ϣ
ãľͶģ֣źԵøˣȻ˷ܵѪҺͷճڣҲӻóýྻײŵҩ衣
ͿԿɽɵˣΪŵӣװҩĺƿӶûŪ
ճһĵطǣçõòҩΪ䰮ķڻճֱ
ǰҩСʦ˭Ӯ˭ߡ֣ܼ˵Сɵɵ֪ճڡ
УճЦҲеġԪݸɺ
ɺ̾ӹȻճˣԼǲŸ
Ȼҩ벻
ʼ˰ɣ
ճڣ֣һֱճһȭһǿ;磬ǡʯȭ֮ʯ쾪
һп壬ػԾۼȫһʮ־ˡ
׵Ĵ׳ģóȹǿá
ճֱȭ磬·΢΢ƮɣݵԵòһ˶ЩĿˡ
˶ڱ֣̣ܵçŵӵߣȴûʲô顣
ʱȭž磬һ˿ը죬ȫһ㶡
ԪСˣ
ʲôʱͻƵģȭȻԴ
ɵʹ󣬡Ԫͻƣܹٽһλ
Ͳôˣȫ֪ôֵˡ
ճվԭأ֣ܴȭͷûʲôӦǱŴˡ
ɺҲΪ
ʱĳȣﻹһ˿룬ʱѾ̲סϳֹˡ
ɵһȭҡ
˵̫Զʲô취Ҳܵסġ
֣ܵȭͷۿҪճظΪ䶨ʱ򣬾ͼվԭؾվӰͻȻˡ
ճ·һһ࣬͵
Ķʮ֣һȿ翪󲽣һȴԭأջ
֣һȭ֣βܳһͷпܻܵõԤӮšԪˣͶֿˡ
̫죬ȵһȭ߿յʱѾƲסԼǿ͵ĳ̬ơ
ɲסŲȴû뵽ճں󷽵һȣþͲ֧ϡ
֣Ӵıһ¾ʧȥƽ⣬һ걻Ĵһ㣬¾ֱء
ء汻ҵֱ𶯡
ȫһһ
ף
ôã
ɵҲ̫˰ɣô˴أ
ѽĽţˤˣˤˣһӵúʵڡ
˵Ź֣֪ϧ˷ܡ
ʵҲϲճʲôãֻǿЩȭеһСҪ㣬Ƶн
ȻҲֻǿʵճжܴɵ֮ʱˮֻ߰˷֡
˵òȭõ̫죬ˡ
ȭѿΪԷѿһֱȵľ˭ɵ
ճûôţֻǿһ
֣ҲֻһȭԼˤһɶ
̫˲Ŀá
ıӣ
һ¹ݣ֣ܸʵıӱݺڼʵϣͱı⣬춼Ѫ
˵©ӣܿݶĵһš
̫ҲãԼĹԾѹԼ
Сˤһû̫飬󣬵çأճٰʮˤ֮ʱ󲿷ѹڱϣǻܵˣ
ճЦеߵɺǻϲùԪĿŵҩԼʵӦֻһЩܾﵽ۷塣
ҩ֣ѪʱòʹֱҪѪ
ճЦ˵ôɵʦ֣㻹Ҫ
⻰ȻǿЦˡ
ڳ˭֣ܿվҡҡλεվվȵô
ɺЦֱü˵ʦðزûҩˡ
ճԪ鼫ãΪӮ˵ҩΪֵ
ɵȻŵӣҲûʲôȴԼʮֵȵʱԾϪկ֮ɱ˴կҪǵöܸ࣬ɽ;һսõƽ
ô˵ҲɽĻɽӣֳô˿ţҲһЩճʤķʽ˿̫˶Ϊ˹ˣΣʤʵ顣ôӮģܹӮ˻ɽŵߣʵʵڡ
ճΪʲôܵõʮ˵ԭ⡣
˶ʮֵһٵﵽ߰ʮȵҩȫ꣬ӦÿԴﵽ˰ٽ
ôףﵽ۷岻¡
ճ֮ʱô壬״ӣ۷֮󣬶ѪĶҲ·ߣٹġ
ǴСͽŽ̵֣ھۺʵ
Ͼ̫ˣԵõøʶõ޴ṦȭƷ
١
ȽͲֵһˡ
ѹЩŹǷչûʿ߾ȫȥоȻҲͷչִѪǣǿһ·
һ߲ء塱һ߲ڡزͬȴͬǡͬһ룬;ͬ顣
ճӹҩ裬ûü뻳Уͼһĸݵ˳Ц˵ʦܵȭȻҽǣ޼ѰʵҴ۽簡
ճһ㶣Ŀ˹ȥ뻪ɽŵҲǲԻԼôεҲܿĲܰѱ˶ɵϡ


491 £
ڴ˰ɺУճǺ¶㿪ĶʵûʲôֵóƵġ
ȭеһСֻ߳˰У̧£а˴ɵǰ֧ȣ
ֻһԿУ֪ˡ
п֣пŵ
ҲȭȻ֪Ⲣʲô
ճһõռҵմڡԲλ̤λʮ־
㿪˹ֻСճ֮ʱͿռľȷա
̧ȵȴԿ̷ȡӰӡ
ʮ·ԧ׷ľһ֡
ճ̧ȸȣڴɵ֧⣬ڶԷǰеһ˲䣬Ƚػ
ûƻ˹ġ
ǡô
һܣһػճ濴ʮȡʤʵȴ̺˼侫ȭ
²֪˿óȴǼ𾪡
ЩһֱŰԼҰȭ뱾ȭ֮УǲͷǵӲܴвİȭȭִ׾ȭȴǸ롣
ûʲô÷ӣȴճѾõ¯࣬ϣ׾ɣȫɣһ˿̻
ȭںȫûгͻ֣Ľʰ
һľ̾ȴһ߰ĵֱȣƫƫ޻˵
˵ճȭŵеĵĹ⡣
ժӵģ˵òռ˵ġ
ĻɺɫҲ
̫޳ˣʦ˵ϹıԽԽ˵Ҷˡ
˵˾һ㲻ã˵ʲôʦȭȻ϶˵ϲս˳ˣҲл
Ŷ˭֪ɽ࣬ԤҲһΣȭʮ־ΪҲգ˭ĵ
ҿδأʦܾҪϵˣµ˽ţЩڴЩǵĿճ
Ȳ˿ˣѹȴʹΪʲôոԼû뵽ð취ȥսأ
еĵĹȣ˼ԤӣҲû˭ʸ
οЩҲ̫˵Цпԡ
Ȼճһ֮󣬾˳Ż˵ȥʦ־ȭʦͰʶп»˯ž
ճڸ̾ɽŵҲи˵ʱͻȻ⻰׹ʲôˣҲǿԼȭص⣬Ҳġ
ɵһҳˡ
ʦҲдȭճЦЦ˵
ǿ󣬶ĿʮԱڵӵȫˣ֪뷨ճٸȦӡ
ãոֻӮһֵ̫ãҩҲ࣬սԽԽá
Ⱨ˱ȭº˵ոռʦóͷӮĳΪȤãʦöҩ軹δãԸʦϲ졣
˸ݣһͶţ˵ʮֺճԣԾܾ
ãʦּȻȤҲѡԪСʦǣӮȫߣ
ճƺúܿģһھʹӦ
ϵˣʦҲ̫úƭ˰ɣ߽⻹ñ˸˰
Χ۵ӲһʹضˣϵźȻǵճ˻ҩ裬ϧΪʲôԼȥռˣչȡ
ɺŭüëЩ̫ճ˵ˣСԽԽɵƫƫǲ˵塣
ҩ࣬Ҳô˷Ѱ
ոպӮɣΪŵӶԼˤɡ
µĵҩ裬±˴֮־ܵˣ׽ϼôҲûķˡ
ɺܾᣬҪճȴֲ֪Ӻ˵
գָʵһǱ˴ˣյǲҰ֮־޴ĴܸУ˿ǰķ
֮£нԽԽ߻ħ
Щ˰ܹһͻһ겻ڸӰ£Ҳ޲ڹý
Ӣôģƽȭˣȫճ鷳ѵճг𣿡
ɺɻĿӢޣӢ䱧ʱѾЩŭˣԱ½ɫơ
½ʲô˼ȥԤʲôô
ɵһ˳ȥճ鷳˵ͷԲ壬ţⶼˣɡ
˸ӢϰȭƽҲѧ˲ٽϴǳȭ
ϸˣǿǱԪûãһ˿ϣ״µʱΪû˻ŵȥǱˣñôӢޣ
˵ӢָʹСܵ£ѹ½ʦܣͻ


492 粽Уϣ
ӢԼĳɽ֮ǰԼڻǿݵĸѧһЩȭ
ΪѧԨԴѰͨȻҪǿ࣬ɽɴȣͲֵһˡ
ʦһʦǱŻǶ˾ָ䣬ûҲôԸУʵߵúܡ
ʦܶԴʦֳҲûʲô뷨Ͼ̫󣬾ǼҲûƨá
ʱ֣ԽߣԽ
½ʹŻˣĹϵãƽȥʲô飬һҲᱻܾԣĽ͵õô
֣ܸܵǰ˵ʦָǽʲôָɣ˸Ͳܾܾ
Ϊ˱ΪѧȭŸӢޣǿͼ
ӢȻȭúãȴһ㣬ȴʦֲԶ½ѹˡ
ΪСȭӢ޸ϻɽͱ½̫࣬˶ǶԱȣȻ֣½һ棬ҪһЩ
ȵ忪ʼϸָ½Ľ֮󣬴Ҳŷ֣Ӣ޳ȭռһƣȽĻѾ½еĶ֡
ҲǹʹɵױĶԭڡ
ȭٺҲûð׽ϼȵǽ˼ýȭҲñˣֱá
ΪɽȭɽڹͲ࣬Ͼǻɽɲǻɽȭڡ
ȭ㸴ӾʵǱϼϡԪһ˾ֶΡ
ǻеĻ
ҪʤõѡȻǿ
½˵ǴʦͳΨһѡΪѧ
Ⱥ̽˽ܲãÿƽһʱָ㣬ԼͷҪǿϰٱ
Ӣʣ½бһۣں˵ʲôֵģߴߣˮʹҾûʲô飬Ҳġ
ҪΪ״ӣԶûָΪĽУܰˡӢʦܰǻɽɣɽµġӢݡҴġ̫泤ȭѪսʮʽȹ򣬻øԼɡ
½˵Ļʮֲ뼤ӢҲ֣ǰȭȲ֪˲ٴ
񽣷ѳ˶ԷҵֵĻᣬĻȥա
ӢĶ½һۣͻͷ֪˵ʲôҲȡ裬ȴźݣȵ׽ϼˣ˭Ľǿ
ʱﵹϣճݺݵĽѵǸˣ־ûʲôܡ
ɸɵһ˴Сѧģۺܶ࣬Ҿƶ޷Ӧ͵˻Ӣ﹤ڻɽͽʱӢ޾ͼ˻ɽ
ΪͷԴΪ˼թټӢʱָ㣬ٶȲ
ɽŵӵĵλͿԿʵò
Ӣ֮԰ǿǴݸɽˣƽҲ㹧
һֱԸʲô鶼Ӧ֣û뵽һα½һ۰Ͱ͵ȥԤ
ѵʦС𣿡
˵үϾƶ˿ͨ͸֪Щǿģÿλߵ
ڻɽɣֻҪʦʦ￴ˣʲôᣬҲܳΪ״ӡ
һ㶼ףҲǰϹ˿Щ鱾
ȴ֪ӢѶʮպޣ֪Ҳںγ֪ЩģЩȴҲû취
ƶܰ뻪ɽѧϳ˽ͺܲףߵһҲһֱӪйأ½еݹ֦мӸҾܾ
½вһˣǻɽӱǿĴʦ֣ǰ;
ܿ£ȦӣĪ˵ǱӢޣǱʦʦܣҲĸԸ
ĳȴЦǺǵģȡһš
Ķò˵ʦܸոţ͵õʦʦأһرĳǽ֣ʦ飬㵽Ϊֹ
ճҲЦŵȻʦ˹ˣȻɵһѪͷİɡ
ۡ
ϹɺһʱûסЦ
Ҳǻ֣Ȳڹգ־̾ճĳմ
ɵ𣿿ڿˣ
ܿҼǵԹⲻٴοɣĴοˣ
ЦǺöһ飬Ȼºأһʹļ׵˵ܱܿƭ
ţƫƫΪԼжɵԼѪȴ˵ģѾٿˣһߵ
һƬҲЩˣתͷĵʦ㣬ǹʲôʵô˶Ӯأ
۾յĵСʦãҲˣ˽лһӻˮʵĲļƣȭѡȭ¯࣬Ӣѧ˼ȭʵսˮƽǸɵ͸Сһ
˵ȭͼɴһһڶ˵ɵİ˰ٽԴӮͨӣռݺܴƣôϾȭóİ˰ٽٱǿ
ŶѹôţҲѹ˶ֹһͲ˵ˣҲ뿴ճôӦԡ
ճҲ׵ģٶոͻá
Ȳ϶֣ҪӮáԪ϶ҪʹĹֶΡ
ô˿ţǱ¶ǰѧ书Ⱥ֪ˣ᲻ڻɽ粽У


493 粽У£
ʦܣ룡
ʦ֣룡
ʦܣɽ似δɣ룡
ã
ճһȣһȭһȭףը죬ǳȫ
һɵֵһУȭ׷ʯ쾪
һȭԲͬ
˵ɵȭ֮ʱ˹עӴĺͼ¡ֱۡ
ǵȵճʱȴͬɽʯ飬ɽ
ϴɵһȭ֪ģǸһǰ޿ɵֵĸо
ڼʵãﻹǸǫãͻȻֹСһֲ֪ͷɲ˵˵ѡ
ȴû룬ڶ롱ָոճڣԷһȭѴǰ伲硣
üթСӣȻѾԪСɣƭˣͷһξմ㣬۾
侪ңһһ̽ʽĺƣǰʵһֻʵӭճȭ̫泤ȭĹؾһʽҲܵסͻϮ
Զ̴򳤣ݴͣӦѡ
һʹճ֮ϣһϲʹΪʽתۣߡ
һ򣬹ƼΪ֮ԽСʽΪ־һͷϻҲܿһ
ʱ¶һĨûŪΪΣ͸оԷһ
ҵ׻һͱȭͷƷ磬ƺֱǰ
ء
ճȭͷģһȭ˶ķ顣
ȴӦɣһȭĿڣڰվһѪɫǵͨ죬
žһˤϹʹΪ̫һ룬ֱ۷ǡۡһѪ
ճЦʦ̫ˣôšԪʢȭȭС֮
תͷȥɺõҩȴСʦųһOͣأվûع
仯̫죬еľԸ֣㱻һȭɣȫ֪ôӦ
˵õġ˵õŵأ
ҳӣԤŵģ۸˵Ϊôһգ۾ɽˣһӲӣ
ʲôȭﶼʣ漴ñ˻شԼ˳
ճȭһȭûκξϣϰʯͷȭʯȭ
һȭʯ쾪Ѹףһȭͻ˷ʤȭתۡʯȡ𾢣ȴǾſգ޿赲
˫ʽϣ˵ǹûзڳЩӣȫһΣҲ˵ԵʱܵסճһС
һϵ÷ȭԾûսӵסȭ
ԭʯȭôǿǶˡ
ǡȭǿճǿӢվ͵һԾԾԵС
ֻǵԼ˵ȭ뻯ͻһֻΪƾʲô򵥵򽫳ȥ޿ɵֵν׾ʤɣɲ
ѵճȭﵽزˣɽѧϰȭŶã
Ӣƴһ˿˿񣬶־ոǿѹȥ
δʱȵ׽ϼƴ
۽⿴һ½УǾϵĴݲѾϵĽëСҲѾͣ³ԶľٶµɻĶ
ȻǸܵеĲƽ
ʦãô
ԶһôȺ˼ջߣϴЦݿ࣬ʵ
û뵽ǶСˣţȭͬˡ
еҪΪʵʣЦü䣬͸ɺʱıһģһ
Ⱥָĵǰ벻һȭ̫ʣʮ꣬Ȼ֪ʯȭô򡣡
ڻɽ߽꣬ûôȭǳʶˡ
ѵַ㿴һΣӦõѧɣϸϸĥܿȭŲĽЦһ˵ȴñ֪ǽŴͽѧȭʵڴ𡮾ӽ
ʦ˵ЦˣȺһ죬롣
ͬʮ꣬Ļ֪Է룬ȺҲôӵˣΪȴʵ
õľѧѧѧ
¸ԼҲûʲôģҲס
ЦЦɣѧʹַǶôʦûССΪʲô˾ȭȺйâһޱ
ոҲ˵ˣ߽ô꣬ûʹȭţǻʲôɽɲУɲУħҲСȻûУȻǻɽɵȭˡ
Ц˵
ԣǻɽʯȭ񷽲ŲݣӴһɽֶһžǿϲɺءȺһ㶣ͷ˵
֮̾һֻϧȭ̫٣ܶ࿴ͺˡ
ɷѾͨЦô࿴Ҳᾫ裬㲻¼ıǱŮţµӾҲó
ʦãҡ
˯


494 Լϣ
ּãճջоƬɨ裬һʯء
ʦݵúðؼΪ㣬ԼֲľٶƢҲỤסԼ
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ͼôˡ
ӽ󣬹ȭ˵Ǽڡȭʹǹİѡӽԡ̫һһʽҲ鷳
ȺʵʣֻҪôˣ˭˵
ϣҲи򻤶̵ƢһûɽţҲֻ˱ᡣ
˵ճȹ˽ٽȭͷȥɽס⡣
ճֻԡԪ߶ȭȷˡ
Ԫ˵˾һţֻǵǳԷţʺȴʺѪ
ճһȭʯ쾪ȻǱԪȭͷ÷ϣȴ˹ľ򷨡
һõǡȭڼӿͺޱӴ
ȵá̫泤ȭ֮ʽֱʱ˳һšȭͷ𵴣ʹˡ̫Ĵ˫𾢡
ۣԱ۴ȭѪһ뷢ͻȻӣסֱ۾ͼˡ
ͺˣ͵סճһȭֱֱǰѪܸɴ䡣
ճ֪ȺһԹۿҲǰ㶼˼ɵó򷨣ΪԼ磬˵ϵʵǹ
һֱڣûв͸ǽȺп˽İãȭһ¶ڣʱý͡
ֱӰڳȭͰҲûʲôĶ
ѧѧᣬѧᣬֻܹԼ
ʵϣִʢʱҲڼ˴ȭʱѧ壬ѧ·ϵƤëͺǲ
򷨲ȺǿȥˣѧˣҲֻһɱ˵ȭճƾźѪﵽ
ʵϣȭˡ
սϴ棬ʱȴ˼
ҸȭȭԴȫƾΪѡ
һдѵڹѧȥѧϰûҪҹɡ
ִᣬȴû
Ǳ·ߡ
ճһȭɹ⣬һʱŵȫĬɺǲ˼Ŀճƺʶꡣ
ôҲ벻ͨճߴôܷոǿģ
˵ճ˻Ԫܴ⣬ɽãֻǸˡ
ȻϰԪţʹﵽСɵĵزҲ˶ѡ
عζЩ˵ɻҲ̲סһ²
ҿʦﴫճʲôУȻǡȭд
ܣͲ˵ģۻɽɵѧǴӵ͵ߣݽžдѧû𣿡
֣˶ˣǶǸӢ޵Сܣ˴ˣϴôҲóֻһ棬ҿûꡣ
ţӢ޿ɱȹҪǿˣȭȭʵѾԳƵǻɽɵӱһˡңԸ߰濴úأճ鷳Ĵˡ
ʲôճȭù޻֮Ӣ޶һܴùǱȽ벻˭ܸ鷳
һϡ࣬˭Լĵ˵˵ž
ճӢ޵˭ʤ
ǰȫû⣬ʱѾȷ
ˢˢĿӢޣϣճƴһ
ɽֻ٣ÿȭȻӻ
ˮѰҩһ١
ܹͬŵӴѪҺɽЩ˸һ㿪ġ
鲢˵־ΪתƣӢޱվսܣ֪ôģճһᣬĬ˻ȥɫƽ͡
±ˣһͿأƶȫûд
׼ˣ
ҲԣһȭǺųƵȭһӢޣҲԱʤõģԪףûҪȥ
ƾʲôҪ͵õԤӮճȲҲòʲôô
ұΪ¼ݻģûϵȴһԲ˱ܣȫҪˡ
һɽƣʦǰ;û赲ĽŲˣѹҲֻýˡ
ͨĽУ˭ҿ϶ʦܵĽãҿҲֻ½ʦֲϣѹ
ǵȻʦֵָ㣬½ʦֵĽͻͽʦܾҲסʽӹɡ
ڵʤܣվ͵ӦǿʲôϷˣʹ뿪
ʱȴһ˸˵ʦȭȻӢ޶Ҷ֣Ժɽȭһͷ͵ûˡ
ţ
ճĿһѭȥ½ﱧŽëӣӢޣƺڴʲô
Ӣ治ɫ˵½㿴ҪҲȥʦܹУ˵Ӯ
סŲҲˣӢ޵Ļ˻ҩζ
˵ǡ˵Ӯ¡˭ףڷ½ͲĶ֡
˵Եһ
½Ӣ޵ķ̣ȴҲգֻЦǻɽΪɣǺеġȭСȭٺʲôãҪͱȽ
תͷĿƵĿճʵʦܣʦһĽӮˣšԪϣҵԤҲԲҪˣͷ׽ϼΣ


495 Լ£
ʲô
½ǷճкγԹȻôĶע׽ϼս״ѺעǶǰ;
ǰҪ֪겻ȥ꣬ġԪѾ˴ԲһġԪǿ࣬ˣ˷һ
űӮ׼ı˲ҪײҪǣƾʲôΪȽ˼һûʼѧء
ɺȻ½е۹ĿԼƺڿԼӦһͷˮ
ɻʵ½Դҩ˰ɣʦˣĿŵԡ
½Ŀ˸ߺ޵˵Լֻ֪һ䣬ǲң
вûѧôȣɺˣ½в
ȴû뵽ƽһֱ½гԴҩһģӲŲòֻ˵ҿԵѧᣬһ㣬ȭ㲻ʲôȴ̫Զ˱ֵá
ãȻˣǾͱȣҵЩͬĻˣ˱ֵãܵ飬úûõġңĽƨǡ
ճ÷ʮ죬Ҿʾʦ½ʮÿҽ̽ʲôŽн
½ͼذ֣³ճֵƣսˣȻ
ոտһֵ֮ͻأӶʮ㣬ԼԤ֮еʮ㲻ͬ
ѵչʾʵøţȺйأҲ
ǱȽսҲֻ˱ܣϾɽʱ̫̣̫Զ½ʲô⣬ҲŶ£ճš
ֻ޷ǾǼСʦþճһ̬ȣԼʦ屧ƽΪһжճĴ
ҸɾΪʦֳڶ
£վ½еΪǶԵģվɺճĽǶʹгܲġ
嵱˶û˵ͱƽˣԼ̲ˡ
ԣԽ˵Խɺ˵ȴ岻졣
ҲǺΣûôһ£ò˵ﻹܵ
ǧǿȭޱȣʮʱ䣬ҿ̫ɺĳ
ճЩǵЦЦ˵㹻ˣҲÿʲô˴СʦսҾʮ꣬Ҳֻ䣬Щè磬ȴǴˡ
꣡
ɺЦ
Ҳ֪ΪΣÿճһͻʱʱЦ
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ããǰèʦܺʮҾǰ̣ôʹ
½пճɺ̸Цˣ⽣˵ãʦ֣ڻɽ֮˭Ҳ塣
˵ǳѧˣЩ꽣ŵӣҲ֮С
ʤһжȻûԷжԴ
ֻҪʮ죬ٵʮ죬Ҿÿ
½бһһž߷·ߵʯӣͷҲȥˡ
Խ˵Խ仰֮Ͱʮ֮Լս˻ûӦʲô£Ѿ˶֡
˶۾ָе˼顣
ճӦɵ͹սڵֻЩ³ç˸񵱣ʵﲢδʲô˲𣬻һ˿ʤĻġ
ڻɽɣȭСȭѧٺãҲϲ̨ĸо
ˣ˵ҲͱѰŵһ㣬βѹơ
½ȴǲͬһ͸վ˻Ԥһ׻ɽÿȦɵ㡣
УĽͨ״ӿ˵ʩӶҪǿȣ޷ǾڱԪµĿ๦һ㡣
֮ûͨˣҲֻΪԵ״ӿ٣ѹס½һ꣬ѻһٳˡ
һĽԪ֮󣬸ﵽãѧϰԪʱ
ǰ߹ģϵõ½УҲҪ
һҶ֪Ҳʲôá
Ⱥһֱ˵Ȼȴǽ˼룬ĵá
Ҫ½УȻȻİԼһ壬ԼĽѾﵽһϸߵĲΣ˴ʦ֡ʦ֣Ӧܵ
ˣ֮˭Ҳ̬ȣȴû̫˱ʾ
֪֪ףĽˮƽġ
ϧˣôʮ֮Լ̫Դ󣬺ò׵õԤۿҪߡ
ˣٿ½Ϊ˾ԣӲ׼̣֮εԼս϶ǱʤҾͲӦȽҪ󡣡
Ͼᣬûɹֻϣʮ̫ܵңܵСʧţ꽣ǿپ
ʮŵӻ̾Ϣ򳰷ĮȻȥȴûһ˿ճñȽʤ
ûˣԶ׽֮һŶôֹ
ÿԼòʱ򣬸һ֣ȴֱֻǿôһ֣ôһ˿Լϼ׷ȥ
һһ˿ʵĲ
ճʮԼսǿֻû֪Ŀԣֵ÷ϡ
ûһʮ֮ýҪѧᶼ̫ܡ


496 ϰϣ
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Ⱥ˾פĵطɽкʯ
ƾ˼ϰʵĪܡ
һվ¥ϣԶƺϵڷƮ裬Եžס
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ѹִֽţɽֻŮ
Ҳ书ϣȺҪǿһ㣬ֻѧľž˭ߵøԶ
Ȼʤһ
û뵽Сʮ֮Լ̫³çˣȻġԪٶ˺⣬ɲô򵥵ġ
ճĵһۣͿżɽ˵ھܽ㣬ΣǾͿˡҪ䣬Ҳøһˣõˡ
˵Щ̲סЦס촽
ʦʧˡճЦ˵
ҡҡͷʧʲôСҴСģǺȻ˼˵㣬Ϊȴ˭Ӯ˭䣬Ҷʧֻǣܻѹһˡ
Ȼ˵Ųʧɫܿϣճܳ漣
İɣʦҪʤʦ֣ȻûпܣӮ½ȴа취ġ
ճ̬ƽͣȻ˵ĻǿԴ󻰣ȴûаĸо·ֻ˵һʵ쾭顣
赭дģĶУûа㲻Ȼ
򿴵棬ҲԼŮɺΪʲôϲȥճϹˣ
һְѻ鳶úı£ΪʦԼҲЩס顣
Цˡ
ճΣ̫Сˣ˵ûʲô
Լ˵ƫƫ˵Ц
ססЦľٶɺȫһ޶
ЦԼţɣ
ճľӦ˼綴ۻ
ӦҲǴΪԼӦȽΪЩ³çˣ˵ֻչԼӣ̫ͬʱ£úѧð̫ܵҾʤ
Ц֮Խ̵˻ɽʮһʽÿһÿһʽϸϸʾճѼӻѧᣬȥҲǿҪ
ҪѧϰһǴĴΪ̵òĵģȺͬĵطǹܵúܿɣĹעѧΡ
µһЩŮӾͿԿ
УɽӽȫˣҪÿ춽١
Щ춢ţûá
Щ˲ȥܣֻҪѧ˾þͨһֻʮ㣬޿ܡ
塣
ΪճαӮúƯʶͽܣܿܲԼô򵥣ĹעһЩ
ѵԽ̵ĵĻ
ҲԼûʶ֪УճѾĳЩڴ
ѧ꽣ճѹסԼҪӽĳ嶯ǰһһ۱׾Žʮࡣ
ǲܰѽʦ̣һģһȫÿҪôʱ򣬾ͻоֲʺԼĵطоƬĸ£ܻ᲻Ծĸı̬
ǽɨԺ֮УһС˲ͣţģǼ׼ĽУϵĽ΢ľͱǶǡ
ӳʽȻЩѿ
ΪһֱڸĶϸ΢ճԽԽǲĿվһԵ۾΢΢𣬶Щٿ
ѵˣüȭ֮ϰѾȫù⣬ѧ𽣷Ҫ࣬Ѱˡ
ſţճѧʲôӣɷӣȴûסüͷеͣͣ⽣̫˰ɣ确ƳᶡһУΣν㶼һҿԼҲ֪гηɡ
ǰʦֻǰսʹԳᶡ˵ýãȻ⣬ôܿƽأȻ潣
ճп࣬ĽʽоƬŻ֮ʺԼĽʱʹѾ̵Ĵвͬ
ɶ̽ȺճɶԷѾϴĶˡ
˵λԸĶÿһ޴©УһһʽÿһĽǶȡض޸ġ
ҺʦŮѾ֪ճڼθ̾ˡ
ȻˣҲֻܻش벻̫õɣֻܺ

û뵽ճش𣬴˼⣬ƺҲͲȥ˵ðɣСƳᶡҲᡣСɽôأɽȥˣôʹýƽˮһҼǵָĲˮɽɡ
ճ˵Ҳŭµĸ
ֻӵ˼·ֱǰ֮δ룬ƨͨȴԲ˵
˶Ŀһ¡
ճͣеĽͷ͵Ҿɣһȡԡɽˮﾡϲδ򡯡ɽȻˣֻˮǽƽˮһƽ
ɣ
ճ޹һʱԶԣֻӣоճ᲻̲סƿڴ
ܰѡɽ˵ɽأճҲǻɽӵһˡ


497 ϰ£
ճЩεĿԶȥıӰЩ
ʦܵ˵ǾľģԵĻĲԺŪ
ԼĽȷ˵ͲΪҪʹ
оƬƷƷճôʧҲܰоƬʵĽ֮á
ɽʽ˵ǰŬüΪƣѸĽ
ѸĽҲֻԶԣоƬַ˵Ĵڣ׻ʽȴǴ©ܲϽ
ճԺһ֮ľͰѽĵĿȫǣһŻ
ԭġƳᶡһУǾֻҪ˶Դ˽ϤԤȿ׼·
㽣ʹʱģҲûãһ־ͻᱻƸɸɾ
оƬ֮ĽоͲһȱˣһеİⷢӵ쾡¡
ƶ綯޷Ķ
ԣ⣬ʹ֮˾ͲԼʶԸݵ˵Ķʱ䶯ͽǶȡ
б䣬䣬ľ켸ҹ˵ꡣ
漰˻ɽ֮ˡ
Ⱥ뷨Ҫƽͣһ˿ҡ
ʦаĶ˼άѾ뵽Ĺˡ
޸ģΨۣ߻ħ˽ڵа
ȻҪϸ񣬵վҲڴˣı佣飬Ҳ룬Ը
ʱճ˵Լܸ⻰˵ȥ
ǰ벽ţǰһǾǷӣճΪǷӣ뾭ѵʿֻװɵˡ
ҲĻɽľֻ츳Уѧòãû˻ָ˰ɡ
ѧ꽣оƬʺԼĽգճͻصס
õսƷȴǵջʱ
Ԫÿֻܷһţճϸոùֻܵһзá
бʣţӮ֣ţӮ˹ţѾ߿֮ࡣ
еĵ裬ճǻϲ
ԪǺãҲܼǿ壬Ψһõĵطڻɽû̫ĲƷʳӪá
˼õĹûкܺõΪٶһֱ⡣
߿šԪֻҪȫգϡԪͿڶʱٽһּ档
ջ񲢲ǹԪֵ
ճʮֵ˷ȸԾ
಻סİֵȫȻһһӹ
ֻоһĪı仯ڷϺӿѪڱڲΪ֪Ĳ棬ȫλԼʣ
һɼɧ֫ٺճȫǿסҪĥһԡ
ֵǺãʵ죬ϵڴÿ֮ʱʹѵпĳͷ
еõͻʧȥƽ⣬ڵõֽʹ࣬ճĳܷΧڡ
ƼɵҲþһμѿ顣
ȻǵһƷζճȻͷ󺹣ҧأ𣬺ûιȥ
һᡣ
оɽͻȻϮʹ·þһʧ٣һּʵĸоųһ
֪ǿɹ
ͷ˿Լ·ֻɫĽ棬Ѿǵĺɫ۹ŵȳϢֻһڣͲһѳԹ緹˳
̫ˣôѾΣŲɾҲֻеȵѪ컯֮󣬲ܰ޹޳徻ɡ
ǲճûߵһҲֻܰ롣
ܵɽСرߣһͷȥ˼أɽȪȥˮһ˿۹תϰ
ֵϴ߻ճƤְһЩ˫üбɣݰףնӦŻҪϼ֡
һƤֻоԣҫ£Ƥ˸ŽĹâ
һΣҿƽ֮Сͷˣɫ͸죬һǸ֫ڣȲ޸֮ߡ
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ճ̾һͷ˼ˮյľٶתȥס
ﵽ˰ٽ֮ճоԼЩƮƮɣƺֻҪһܷ
ǰľոȡÿٽһִš
һһɽʯСϣճֶصĽáԪĺģ;ոһһ뵽ÿһ缡֮ȥˡ
ҵʵӣôʱżͻͽӰӣδɹͬ־Ŭ
Ȼ˽ճ֪Լֻ·߳΢ĵһ绹˵ʵԼ֮ϣʱǵʱ
ʦܣˣ
һţɺСʦõľϲʦЦ
ѵõϾʱ⣬˾ɽϵѾͣȻϰ֮˲̫η庮ʦȴѾ첹׼¡
̫£ŮݺݺһȦһ߶Žճ飬ʱʱ˵ŻɽȤ£дߣһƬ͡
ҲУǳЦţĥʱ䡣
ɺСʦȴΨһû߻Ůӣһѽվſ׹ƣճ˵ľͽл
ʦܣʦúõָһĽ½̫ˣôҲвС
ճ̾Ϣɵ㣬½֪սΪСʦܵԼ᲻һѪ


498 ãϣ
ͬߵģɺŮˡ
ƽ֮ɽʱû̫Ҳֻñ˼ˣЩ
ȻȺȣƺƽ֮ܲʵƽ֮á
ƽ֮ȻʲôеĲСʦĺãΪԼҵѪʲôҸɣǣһ
׷λСʦ㣬⣬Ҳϧôߣǿʹ֮ڶȡСʦķġ
һУԴɺǲʱ˵ͬġ
ճƺִܵ
Ϊ½еġˡ
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ֻƵģ˵Сʦãҿ˰ɣշʣãɱɱĶ಻á
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ڵѹֵ͵ЦСʦġЦҲоһܡ
ڳЦҵĽ̵òãƽָ½ƨûУȻһŲõĵӣִܡ
Լʦֵ֮д裬ϲ岻֪ΪΣѹһܵĸоǲô뿴ճӡ
ȻΪԼΪСʦöԶԷĴףֻΪǵĿ˳ۡ
½С忴½бһȵЩã鷢ģһ
ŻԪھڹ㳡ϻ졣
½ɫʱһ壬޴ĳȻȥ±ݺݵĶճн
жʱһ֪½оҪóЩ͵ľˡ
ʦּȻճĳ֣ôʮָ½лУȻǶǡСʮġ


503 У£
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ϧҪӮˣֻҪ˻׷Ƶ½ʦ䣬ĻҪٴȥƫƫҪô󡭡һ̾ϢԼתֱµľƶѡ

ʦǵĵòУ˵ЦͷһͣЪ
ҲǶճôȥӦĽͳ⾳ִһһʽȽǶȱȴࡣ
ոմﵽοʼϰȴ벻κζԸİ취
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Ŷ㾹ȻôߣΪƿڴ˵ѧãĺ޸أЦŲ
Ⱥĵĺ˺ɿһţֻ˵ܿ죬֪ܸģˣԣǿˡ

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ոտ彣棬ǰһӰ°;ʹ˾ͷ
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ָոսӴǲ͸оòСָȻһꡱһָԼ


504 ⾳ϣ
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ءһ죬ӻ˻Σճȴɫһ죬ŵŵʯϲȳǳǳĽӡ
ճӹڻ̾ʦֺýȻΪɽϯӡ
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˼ʵĻ๧ά䣬ﶼζúܣͬʱҲЩ衣
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ʯм۷ɡ
ճ̧ۿȥɽʯһԳһȭӡָؽڶĿӡɭɭ
ռᣬ͸ָ⡣ѾԲ۷壬ѾȻͻưĽ׶ˡճϲãԼݣһʾ1.2


505 ⾳£
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506 ֮ͣϣ
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ЩƽʹãֻǷҪдһЩҪ鼮дŵʱŻϣʱҪˣȻʹá


507 ֮ͣ£
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ճϸȥȴʦѾʹһ׼ܵĽ⴩֮貨һܸ߷ͣǵӰ

ѪէǺ˾һʹ𣺡ŮȻŮʮŽͬ죬ˡ
𣬺ҲսƱһ֮ǿסʹĳƣƵˣȻתӡ
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ĿֱָϢήµȺ

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վ᷿һߣǰڰʦùɾɴˮ׼Ⱥ˴°˴
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ճѧһУڻʦ֮󣬶Ҳֻʱʹ
ó帺̫أѳܡ
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ǿóճо޴ʹͬһ㣬٣ͷĿѣ
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Цһ͵Ϯ˴үܣôס
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ңȺڣϹ⣬ϼ񹦵㡰ϼǧѾɾ͵ı־


509 ϼǧ£
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510 дϣ
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ѹȺͻƿԼߣţ黹Щ
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ոոһ䣬ճԻһЩ׼ȥסŽҹӦѾ£Ϊִ
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͵ŵʩӡ


511 д£
ʦ֣û°ɡɺʦôˣж𣿡
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ꡭһЦ
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΢΢һ˿ףճСߣÿյйΡ
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оƬܸоÿǻĽʲôܱġ


512 ͷϣ
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֪ÿɱһֻܵõⲻǲ룬ǿõš
ճҲˡ
ԼԵֵϢһЩһµѾﵽһǧİٶ
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һ꣬ɽȽϺ䣬³һѩճҲͺٵɽϵҴܣʱԼ
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1.91.81.92.0ֵ30
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ɺѧ½֮Ҳҹɽʱ䣬Ѱʦֺʦ˶Խ
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ʱ䣬ܿӮϣԼϵҪ档
ǣʦ־ͺįһԽԼӮԽݡ
ȻأСʦþ͸ճ˵˵ЦЦȥˡ
˵˵Сʦõıݡ


513 ͷ£
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ÿ춼ŲͬķʽɺҵԼȱ㡣
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һδεıȽУճԼȱٵĽһ
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Ϊʳϡ٣ĹǼȻִȴûж⣬Ҳˣ֮ԵüΪ㣬ƹľĶѸ͡
ʱϻȴ׷͸˿ңȴڱ׷ɱ
׷ںӰȻճˡ
ŰɫëаΪ̫࣬ԵЩӷףȴʮůͣʦ
Ȼúʵٶȴһ㲻׸ľ֮ˮ׷ϻȴԽ׷Խ
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ǶǵĹȴǰʩչǽɺ֮ʱճֻóʵճ뱩¶ԼһСȫʤ
ִճûִ˵ģСʦѧŮʮŽƽҲеõôʱӿģݶѣֱΪ˱ܡ
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Сʦ˵׽ϼõͷӣر
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״ʱѡ˸߼һֳƾ׽ڵڽ֮ʱҪǿϼΡ
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ԸҲѹ½ʦܣΨһֵܹĵطֻǰ׽ϼ
ճԼʵʶúҲ崦ʲôʵˮƽ
Сʦ˵ʦȻֻ⾳ȴ˸߼һֳĳ⾳׾˵ţԺӦûгɾ͡
УѾֵ۷壬ʮʱͨ
ûͨڣҲжǧճȴҪǿϲ١
Ĵ׽ϼȫ֣ճұ֤Լֻжá
һСģпܵסʮУ״ò˵ȡͷõ⽱ˡ
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ϣĸԽСԼԽá
ѹصϣڱϣȴԸԼٴν
ĥǹҲ⡣
ˣճͳĥԼĽϣڽϼ֮ǰŮʮŽԼճ֮С
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514 ϣ
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⽣ϸӸ̳ƿ죬ûжԵϻҲľֻ
ҰޣҲӲ
ճ۹΢䣬˷ꡱ죬ξѩһϡ
֮䣬ͬһߣϻĶһ̶롣
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ϻһȻأȴûа֮硣
ĩ·ĲҺ
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ȴȺװģĻϲʵһЩ
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ˣͷ˵ҽʲôأһֽף⽣ҪʺãȻɣ˷ʱ䣻ϣĽҲף֮Իϣ֮Իģ׽ǿԣѧᡣ
ȺҡͷԵ˵
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꣬ͲҪΪѣΪõӱ˵ôͷˣ׽ϼʸûУ״Ҳѡϡ
ʦãͲòţҿòͷܿ״ʮһضͨȺЦú⡣
ôܣ򲻸ŵʵ
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½˺֣ϲǿͷȴܲס˴̼
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ܣȴ䡣
ǿҲܲμӽϼΣμҲûãһĻᶪۣΪڴʦֵ£߹У


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ŵȴվԶԶģװûߵĽ̸ȫͷת
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ԽսԼǵճӦûúԶ

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ѩѽܻϪˮʵԵʮ䡣
ȴסɽӵĻոù緹еӾ;ۼǰƺ䳡
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ãĿеʦܣȻһֱӲźãǻɽӡ
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ˣͶҲں
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𣿡ճԴۡһЦ
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۽ȥܵȫĿɿڴĽ֮⡣
Զ̨ϣɫڳʹ˸ͬܡ


517 ȣ£
㳡ϵδãܿ죬ȺǰǰȫԾԾԣȺĵͷ
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ŵӴɵ֣ܺ͹սճʱһԾţҲ˵ûбʲô˲ûʲôڸС
ɺһ˵ľͷȥԤˣġԪúֻܲĽЩ壬һһʽعأû
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ӢĲ֮£Ҳɹأ˵ʵڵģʵǽ
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ǰһΪ״ӣǵġԪȻôʵҲΪ

ִȺ˵һʦȫȲʡ
СʦãһҪΪ
Сʦã֪ƽȭʮֿ̿࣬ɲҪǿŮӣһҪأ
¸ܵʦǵڴһճЦŵ˵ͷ˫ᵯһԾ˸̨
̧ͷݡһУ˵λʦǰͽ̣


518 ϣ
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ճ·Ļһֻ˵лʦ̵ֽѧȺ󣬴ΪȡʦȻһѣ𽣷ȴǲ˵㣬״һأǵסġ

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ƣһɽݶţͬҲǣȿɾ˭ţ˭һɳ죬ڻྺ֮ȡýֻԶΪȴܸš
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ϲõǿֻȴ̫øԼҷ˵

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521 £
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528 ϣϣ
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ˣԱ⣬ӦҲ˵Сҽɣʷͷһϲ
Ǹʲô֢һͺõġشҽԱͻȻ򣺡ˣǰʱҽ˻˵ţ˵Сҽȥ˻ɽû뵽ôɽи
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ЩƥսƷͷԱϵңǻǵðջȥشáл֮ǡ
ȻԱͷΪȻ㡣
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Ա⻹Ϊھ֮Էչ׳ƾʦ似ǿ󣬴ϱ
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ԱţȴЦǺǣʷͷ߽ȫͨһ־ͷȴЩšˣ˵Ǹھϣ֪⻪ɽΣ


529 ϣ£
ʷͷЦݲ䣬һ߷ԸʦʰֳһԺش˵ɣʢܲˡǿʱҲûԶͼһƽϵɷǰ̫ʮѵӦ˵ɣ
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Ա˵һ̧ͷʷͷЦȻ̧ͷʵĪǾּԶͼ֣ǺҲǸھֱģ
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ǵ챻ΪĴ۰԰˰̫У粻һƾļ̶Ӿ轻ɴҲƣȻ·һ
ĴƴҲûȥǵ鷳ԭȫһ֣ǸѪӽɽĺˡ
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Ա˼̾ϢơȻҿǸھ֣ȡеˡ
ʷͷ⻰ŭЩ֮ͽûʶԶͼȻǰѾȥǻȮӣּұаഫͷʮʡһ֣ҲҺȷʵǲ֪
˵ƺѾǰһ龰
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Ա⿴أߵʷͷȴһĨ⣬Ҳһ˿
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ǰʱŴʦɽߣôû˵ôһˣҶ̸ɽַ֤ʦ䵱̸֣
ûб̸֣ɺﻹЩˬȴǺ档
ЦոҲ˵˰ɣּұаǺⲻһԶͼѾʮ꣬жҲ㲻´ݲУ˵ڼիãһֱ𣬺ٳ֣˸ȥʱǷȴҲǾȲ
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ܳưԽĽؼ˭Ҫ
аһÿɽᱦˣжаǻҰˡ
ЩΪ˶ҺôҺõˣʵΪδ߹֪ն


530 Ժᵶϣ
ճصոߵشǰͼһȺѾǰӭˡ
ǰľմһЩôͻƣʮͳһװļҶԺѾЦվմԱߡ

һˡ
þûմճҲС
ʱĥһЩܻʧ٣µӡ͵ȥһĽ֮飬ȴǳĵס
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Ϊճ֮ʱࡣ
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ÿ·۾Ϲˣ֪˭𣿡
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531 Ժᵶ£
ճһŭ̧ȥȴһͷ꣬α׳Ĵֱײش
ռҵļԺȥ裬ԱݣֿʼԥûǷͱ곶еͷ
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ֻСҽҪԿ֪ɲʲôˣʮ־ڣѩıֶӣǵ׶һִ˭ǾͲ˵ˡ
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ͷٶ˼άģǼ˱ӵĲˣҲѡϢˣҷС֪˿ŵĻ£˭
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ɽΪһɽɺ󱲵ӣﻹжӡ
Ŵҡ߽õȴ󺺣ճЦЦͻȻ˵ȻΣҲùˣƹӼȻ˻شãи֮ˣҵҲֻһκã㲻ʲô󲡣㲻գؿȬ
տʼ࣬ҿ˿ȫŹֵĿԼһŭҪӡ
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ӻͳһƣճǰ̴ľϣ
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ǰ춯ְûһ
үˣҲ˵øǲ֪ǡ
δһ԰ǻ
ǸһŹˣô˵Ҳʲôס

ճҲˣŶƤʹЦֻ˵ĲܺΣ֮ͶѣƫƫΣõ񲻸ãû˭ҹ
ɫͻȻָ࣬ճ֨֨㡭㣡
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Ҳ󺺷Ӧճδ̫ʦ϶ȻҲ֪ôͿǰӣһͿ絽ǰ
˫ֳצץӣХ˾ͳ˿зˡ
ء
죬˶˴ͷϸ߸߷ɳʮףûκһˣͱӵ˽ֵͷˤʯϣꡱĹ
ţ˹Ǻĺʹ
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Ҹ֪û飬ͷϵǸӣ˭ɽӣ֪˲𣿡
ճϵƣ赭д˵
貶ͷǺȫסҴﾪ¡
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Ǻã
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һҵʣĵӹһشһë֪벻ˣ
ճЦ˵꣬Ҳٶԣһӣǰȥ
һ׹⴩Ⱥ϶Юžֱոǰ
ճʱƻϢ˽ǰͷ¡¡һƼǿ


532 ʼƣϣ
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ԽԽѵһٶǲˡ
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Ϊոճֵƣ۾˶
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˵СҽʳһΪ¸н̫¥³үӣԷ顣
һ˴꣬һڲƷ۾̾

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֪үڵҲǰֻǷ裬վԶԶһԺš
飬أǧָ޼ա
ճԼеֵЦˡ
һģΪ⣬ܵ˵ЧǺܲġ
ǰκ˶ʮλˣ͵˶ʮֵ
ζ٣ﲡ˺ͻһĿ֮ѹ貶ͷѻ֪ӳ׵ĲС
Ϊ̸ֵһ̶һ㹦򣬾˽ʮ㡣
ٵҽ֮Ϊ˷ʳȻûǮȴǰϺݺݵһѡ
ֵջһٵ㡣
ֻһҽ˸ֵճɵø̾Լɽľٶʮȷ
ļģ飬˾С
ΪƻΪƣ飬ģֻУ˾ôġ
ϾģβƷΪһ˳˵չǱĬӰġ
Ϊ֮飬˵ڤڤ֮УճΪԼܵõôҲӦ
µõһٵֵڻɽ۵ֵʣʮδʹá
ճϾһ˾޿ϸϸĥҪôʹòܷӳЧ


533 ʼƣ£
ڻĻͼѪǣҪʮֵƽʮ֮һѪȷ̫
ճʮֲףڹ棬Լϰ
ǰľ飬ԼҲûȥ
ѪɵѪҲֻҪʱѡ
ңڻ׶һСʵ̫࣬ԣճһ·ѡ
һڶĴֵͨһѨλֻҪʮֵĵһԹ׶ΣѾҪСࡣ
ɺͨʱ䣬ճͷôʱ䣬ԣֵҲͳ˱Ȼ
ǹϰǰڻǼѵģֵͻ֮󣬳ڿҲʮֻ㡣
ȵʱһ죬ֵͿԵֵһ£ˣճôҲ
ڶ󳦾ܹʮѨλ
ʳָʼʳָԵڵһƹǼĺϹȣ֮Ϫ
ǰൽ˵أһֱϣƻ
ճһʮֵͨʮѨλоֱ֮һƾ׳󡭡
նƷ죬Եĸоӽٶֿһ㡣
֮䣬ӷǹ
ʱ䣬ôҲܴʮֵʱͿԴͨʣµѨλڶԲʵֻõ
Сʦ֪ڲһµʱ׷๦֪᲻ίޣ
ճ

ãһŰɫǰеĲյݺڵϣˤ÷飬޿ޣ֪ޣʲôãô
յСӲһĸѵΪеĵ
Աһʮ꣬ĸ˽סҧгݵ˵СӰǰģϰβ̫ɺˣƼҵھŴֻ磬ģôԵȪ֮µֳүһҪұ𣡡
ȻưոݣһçȻ죬ҸٸԣҴδ˴󵨷࣬ˡ
֪˲ɰ
εվһ߿ų֪ѩŴϷ֪ٲ˵ܻܿɲصĺ
ųƻһ֣ƿٲ죬˶ڣȴûʲô֣ȫǾҷ
۸Ѱ˼ҵǴ´࣬ҪԸ־͸Ͳܡ
֪ҪӲǻָͷ֣¿ɲܽԴġ
ԴڻشǰƣѪ֪ճͲǸտʼ֮ʱλֻ꣬ʵɲ⡣
ȫ֣ҲǶԷһ֮Уǿȥ׽ʵֻͲţȡ裬ȥٶҲûá
һ㣬ڹٸײʮ跴ø
ǾֻȰˡ
үԴӻɽѧչ֮ʵ̫죬ǲһ˫ķ˺š
ú֯һ˵ʣ˵ڹ;֮оϳԱ͸ھֵʷͷһУնɱˡơʮûзŹһˣֻ˰㹦˽书ʵҵȿԵֵ
ƣǻɱɢǧˣ
ǣʱɱ˷ˣҲסǡڷ׵Ĵ£ͽ׶ͻһͲǵĶ֡ǧӱһ𲻳ɣ۽
Խ˵Խ֪ͣɵӣȴѾס
ǧԸ˵ɽ飬յСһɱ˸⣬ûһˡ
ʲôʵ
ǵĸòҲ磬ôȥ˴
¹վŷ˼һ£˵ͷ˼ǣܶˣܶһشöУǻɽɶڻʲôٶѵң
ǣ֪ˣҹСĿɽŷȫԸƼˣǲʲô˼ɡ

֪˳Ĭ֪ͷ˼ʿûй˼ɻʲô˭ȥġ
˵ϴĻɽŲͬ˻ʱˡ
ֵһ֪ƾʲôԸǿ󣬸ȥĽˣ
ϽȵؾйԱʱ򲢲ȫΪԭ򣬶Ρ
ǹԱ֮ͬҲ˵Щ࣬ʵǱ֮ͽȻɱֻû׽ˣ֮
¸عٸͽʿദʽһ㶼ǼȻֻɵ
˵ڻҲӦˡ
¹ڻ٣Щȴʮ̹û뵽磬Ҳô𽭺ç
ԭȴΪɽȺ̬ȡ
ȺЩãֻǳɱɽܣԹٸʮ񾴡
׵ľͲ֪ϧȺȻˡӽĺȴҲùٸ䲢̫ѻɽϡ
֪ˣϴλɽǰݷãҲýӼ
һ첻ߵģͺΪˡ
ȥšӽźúùܽµӣ㿴»Σ
һᣬ¹񿪿ʵ
٣Ȼɵӣҵ˷֮㲻ǻɽǾͲֱˡ
ûãֻǴǰȥҽµҵүвβѣ㲻̫£һɽҲû塣
εĵ
ȴڸ̣һȥˣɽһ㽻飬ʱҲ˵ȥŻɽ˼Ҷᡣ
ͷȴûֳ֪һ˿ɫȻʲô


534 ̽Уϣ
ռɽ󴨣ȫƾأٸҲûеعٸۣͼıԸôĹٸ³ҡ
ģ˼ġ
˼һҵǣǵסͥ´ĹԱ˭ܱס
ɽɿʲôˣ¹Ŀһ
Уĵ˾ħ̣ǻ๥ꡣ֪ûףֲ˵ħ̵˵ǵĵ˽г֣Լ֮Ϊ̡
̣֪üͷһ壬˵֪Щ˶ǵ죬ȫ޹˼ɵĽˡң붫ǣǲմȾ
ˣȥɣ˵
ȵӰ֪תͷ˵԰£ҿԴӦҲðҰˣֵȴǲܷŹ
Ż£һ޵ĶʮŮõ˳Ķ˶𻷣ϻ嶣죬һĻ
ŮδЦүƽģº׽֮Ҳ£ҽҲֻյһˣҾ֪ǽסһҽС׹ǡҽ
ģӣҽʲô֣ȥĲһ̶鲻ˡ
ƽƽһָųһָܶ
ѩ㰲ȥȥⲡɲܵˣڶãʱԲٵ
¹һ˿пᣬеǡ˳߲ԭڻΪٶ꣬û˸Υ֪ԸȻ˸Ҳһּصƣ̣ǲȡж֪ҲûˣôЩ
ǣүѩõҪĽЦȥ
뿪¹̱һɫ϶Ц˵ůһֵǧǻȥЪš
ү⻹Ǵ죬̫ðɡ
ｿЦƾܣЦţƺ¹ȥܣȴûһ˿Ц⣬Įɭ䡣

ճѵһ˵ҵֶ֪֮󣬿ʼ쵹еȴŷӦ˼죬ȴǰ³׶
缫ʢطСٸʲô㲻ϣڸ˵ˣҪ˼̫ࡣ
ճ֪ʶȤǣҲȥ鷳ݣһն˼ɡ
ɲȺһţѧ˼ҵİϷӪ˸ӽ
βճӴ͡
ԱʷͷΪ֮ˡ
һǮƥɱǿսƷ
Աһڲ˿ۣɫĵӣ˵ܶůٳ治ýһõĺöճϲ
Ȼܵıջɽӽĳȴʮ־˵֮١
ھֵʷͷһѺýɫ˵ǲ죬Ҳеһֱء
ΪʷͷõűҲɲóʱ
ճԹˣѽ̶ȵҲ̫ɫ̶ȡͶȴֽͨҪǿ౶
Űɫҫƣȡ˸ֽƽ
ڻز߾ˣСճٳ֡
ڼ죬ʱգѿ쵽ȭɽ³үٳһųȥ
ճҲУѵÿʱɫǮ㣬ǷƷ
ҪҪһΧʳĽš
ʦ˵˴磬ɲǵף٣һЩħ¡
ճûʲôûϢԴôһͷʵûףǲһЩջ¥̽Ϣ
ܶﲻ˵ھ¥һЩçȵþͷʱ򣬾ͻʲôϢһԵ˵
ӣճԼϵˡ
õϢרȥػصľһЩ˵źӪĻ⡣
˭Ҳͷ¥˳ˡ
ȽϽľ¥һ䣬˶̾³үʮиãƽ£ڳؿν¸ء
٣մϲ
ûճ֪³ҵһЩ¡
Ϊ³صүʹˣ³һҵɽݡǽĴ³˵ȭҲΪ˵ãǵ丸߰˳ɱ¡
³Ҷ³ԶξȴǹŮǼ޸˳ָ֪ͬΪ檣ھҲЩϵ
ܵ˵ؾ³ҴӪ˵ֻҪħ̵˽ӦþͺѲ
ճȴΪľͷ˿еĲһЩ˹ܵĴɫĽسǣȴҲû˷ʲôס
Ҳǻûʱֻǰ̽·Сආ
ճﰵ룬ʦ˵û³صүӵһغܲù
һЩϢɫ磬Ҳڵˣǣǡ
һˮ¥ճ·³ôߣ
ûֱǰȥ³ңס⣬Ա˾
ˣҿܣ漴һѷʹӾ¥ܳʮ澪ŵĿˡ
䡱һ죬ˮ¥¥ͻȻײһŵľķѷɳһ߳Ů
ճվȥ¥¥佣ӰƮȻԾƹƹҡ֮ڶ
һŮ
ɽҲô𣿾ô㱾£ȭȥɡ
ʦ㣬СģԶԶһƺߡ


535 ̽У£
ճһ㶣Ǻɽɵʦ㡢ʦڸ˴򶷣
Ⱥ򳣳ߵһ仰ǡ֦ͬܰͰǶԸħ̵ʱ򣬸ǲ֡
ʱ˵أͻȻսϵ³صȭΪɽӵĶ˭֪
룬ճһ죬¥
Ҳߴţż㣬ƣһӰһ;¥㣬ƴ롣
šϡһʣճڰմһɽʦĪţɽԮ
Ϊ˷ѣð˲ɣɽɵӹǾˡ
ûأѷоƬɨ裬¥ʱѾûվŵĿڣ¥ԵһЩˣһȻˡ
Żɫ۵ĹͷŮӱΧм䣬ͱߵᣬԱһų޵ĲŮڿЦֻЦЩԵʮ̶ִ
һĲŮӺϾŮṥȼ죬ȴõĵѨַʮֵŹ֡
ֵǰȲ֪ʲôƳɣŮ᳤澹Ȼûа𻵡
֮˵ͷŮӱΧм䣬Ϊ˲Ůӳ֮⣬ϡлѵĶߣ֩ǰӿ
ɽ˵ĽⲻҪԸǳ޺ȣöԸһЩ棬æҡ
ͷŮгһѤâһʢʻס˷ʮܿóǵķȦһС
ӦþǺɽɵ򻨽ˡճСʦ˵ɽƯǺɽĪ
ŮһòʮºͣʮͷһʮģǽٶȣӦøɺ̫࣬Ǹոѧ
ǵĶ֣Ůӣ˭Ҳʤ˭
ΪŮŸֶæԲͬɽܸܸΣ
λʮŮȴӽӦ˶
ճ̧ȥ߼米һ˺ۣŰͷȻҲ˲ȡƵԭ
ճҡҡͷ˳󹥵Уֻ˴ʧǳ飬빥Ҳûˡ
ǻȽĲŮӼЦǺʦ̫ʦҵ߶ǿгҲȲˡ
ճС֩룡
ŮᲢֵƷ֮ԣԾ¥ȴһڽе
нͻȻʢ֣ৡնԾСߣɫȴѿҡҡ׹ֱ̧

ǹʦã˹Ůʦˡ
ԴŮʮۼʦѾ֧ŲסǱѹһǣԼʦҲ˽ȥ
ʻʢƽƸͣȴҲǿ֮ĩǰ˲ܿסĵ˺Ͷ棬ƾһ֮Ǽѡ
ʹŮӼűˣǰһ壬ȼһһӰ˳ȥѭ򻨽ȱֱȥ
ճոԾϴ̨ŮѣͷҲǴ
ΪŮӽԼֲճ
ҲִֻἸ֪ɽɵ֮УҲֻиԼͨŵķСˡ
Ȼ곤гġǹʦáӡ֤Ĳ롣
ˣһγŴˡ
ЦһԭǺɽɵСʦ㣬İɣҼȻˣûٶǡ
ҲոСѡ
ϵ¥֩뻹ǶߣλŮֲص͵Ϯٶȫľ֮һš
оƬ֮£¥㣬û˭͵Ϯ
Ц𣬾¥֮һɫԻ͵Ľ⣬ӰӰ´£˷ֹȥǺ򻨽âʢʮ
û⡣
Сֻһ仰;ֱʹȶһӰǾ˼֡
ΪͻȻ֮ڰתСͻϮƼתֱ¡
ǰһʧ֣ûת䣬ҧ˺󱳼粿ʱѾ顣
һ֪ճˣŶԷŸ뻪ɽãȲԼˣ»ᶪһ
Сｹ֮£æѣ֮£ѭѪʱҲŲס
ˣҹȻĲѾЩͷȴǺ޳ɼճУӦҲѹɡĸףϣõϢҪ̫ġ
Сʦ֧Ųס֮࣬ɴ಻ٵֵֻкճӣ
ʱǰһ׹һӰճͻȻƣγһɾˣ˲Ϣ֮Ͳ¥㡣
ݡ
ХڶֱķΡ
ǻӽٶ̫죬˿졣
СԼùԣ׹ԼԼֹӰ֮У¥鿸̨Ӱ衣
¥͡
ǡãС⾰ͻȻ
ûɽáʩչʲôģɽʦʦ˵⾳и󣬲ɽɻУҲС
ٳӣ˵ϸľлɽСáó֮󣬽ҫ˷ԻѤѵֵ
ֻǰ˳֮ʱ˵Ҳõó
оˣСһϲ


536 īǳϣ
Сϸո¶ϲɫͼճͷֻŶƤ߲֩뱻⻪˺Ƭ
Ⱪ֮£ΰʣΧԼʦϸСߣȫһɨգбһѪ
ҵıߣ
ǳȲŮӼʹУûٶֱһȴѱʶȡ
ŵһҲ˲ѿҪܡ
ӱŮӼƸ죬һնֻ֩룬СȫնΣһһĪΣӿ
һ޻ӳǰܲ͸ıǽ󼱴ܣײһ洰⼱ӣﻹھе߿ߣǻɽ˫У
һѲ͸оһᣬǽһγɣͱʳɷ飬һɷֱ͸
ۡһֱ޲ŮһѪ㵱׹䡣
ӵúܿ죬ҲԶųޱƵһԶԶƮ˾¥
֮£ͷȥ۽ȴԼͬոܵڣͱǻԻͽ͸ضϻǾ¡
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ǲŮԾ¥֮ͷҲصųſݶȥһ
һᣬ˿ŭ׶ȫԵģھ¥ͷŶ棬֡ǲҰ
˵ˣҶһų̂ܳСһ㣬ոǲŮӦɽ̵ˣһߣһ֩룬嶾ʹеġߡ͡롯ˡ²֪ж޹ɽλʦ̫׶༪١
λ̨ͿˣЩаһ糾ͣƺԶ·Ŀ浶ӶȻ˵ҿɽλʦ̫û£λ嶾ʹ߲Ĳ
ղżʹʲôûУ
ףһ˵ǣһ˴Ҵߣ˿ȴǲˣûλ嶾ʹߣɽӺѶԸ˵ġ
浶Ȼɹǲ֪ոԾ¥˭ô˵жʱûȥ˰ɣ
˭ǻɽӣѵƸˣ塣
ǰɽɵг廹˭𣿾ܶԸɽʹߣ
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뾪֪ȫȻ
û˵ȴǺܶ࣬æ׷ôһ¡
Щ˿¥ƽȴûһ˸¥鿴Ȼǲ²⵽ʹѾȴû˸ðա
ʵɽ̫ʢڽײʿԲǡ

ճһáóоͬԼĹʹ֮ʱ޲Ӧ֡
ڻֵ֮ͨʣĶʮֵͨ˵һѨλӭ㡯
˾أ˳˴ͨǰӳֵķ֮⣬ִ֮һ˿ء
һʽáӳڻѪ֮ϣճ֮죬Сȸոտֵ۾
һǵ͵ȺԸ¥ҳһŵ߳ȴǡô
д磬жһɨգüȣɱһˡ
ûʹ˫ɣѾճǿһ壬һҲҪ˱ᣬӲӵõ˵ŮֻɺˮƽȻֵס
һɨݿࡣ
ʹ޲Ů¥ȥճһ͵˴ߣҪȥ׷Ǻʹеʦãǧס
üͷ壬һԶȥĲӰת˻
ǺѷС£ҪƵĺ˹ƶ
УĹⶾѿҪѪҺѭ࣬Ʋ
ʦܣа취һҪȾǹʦðǺʮ㲣ˮˣոʦΪҵһ£ȻǶ߹ľˣҲСġ
İɣ߶Ȼܾȣﲻ˵ĵطȴһ£ȥ³ҡ
ճͳӣ룬ָһⷢ⣬һû˷Сǰء
״β죬
ʦó߶ġ롯ͻСҽɣʦû˵Ҫȥġ
ճڻר֢һĸһʮֺ䶯顣
ʱȥ֪Ӧȫ֪ˡ
Щ˶°ŰɣǺȻ֣ھŵˡ
˷Сһʱ߶ɽɵʦþûһŵġ
ճ״Ǻͳһڷ
С۾գϺӣ壬üһϺתɫͬˮӿüģ
ˣ뷨סڹģʱǱס߰ɣ³Ҳ֪ô£ǵ־Ȼһû֣ѵȫڼ
ճһ˿ˣ⵨ôԸħˣԼȭѵˣ
һѾͱС壬Ҳ¥ݣʱײõĴڶȥǺಽĸ󣬲ûа
ճԼʦãҲȻ
ոճ콵ľٶо֮ʱĴţ֪о˺ǿ֮ģֻΪԷʲôǶԵġ


537 īǳ£
ճߵڣ־͵һƬҶӣڶ¥һǹ̨ϣͷҲص˵ƹģǴεذ⳥ôˣ㾹ȻţҲи֮ˡ
̨һӣɸ۾Ź̨ϵĽҶӣҾлл
Ȼµ˽ȴʲôˡ
ճЦЦҲ¥ƹ
һԾ£ѰԼڽֱ۹УᱧŷСȥеǺʦ㣬һɣȥ³ҡ
ȵǺճ˫Ŀɨӣ׼һ·ͼһɣ浶ǣǰ
ҽҪѰ³صүӵ³ң֪µ·
꺺϶Ц˵
ճܸӦõ˿˿ֺ֮⣬ȭ㾹Ȼϵң̨֪մ·ˣɽɵʦ˶ˣܵ顣
ҽ˫֮úܣвʶĵƽܰһСæȷ֮
˵·ȥ
ƥȥΧһۡ
һӺݺݵԴôû뵽ȥ׽أôҲҽ죬Ժ˵ȥ
ԭɽҽǸ갡ôʹ¡˫ɽ嶾ʹ߶һ֮Уʵ˱ˡ
Ϊʲô˵һΪЩ˶ھ¥߹սճȥ¥Ȼ죬þ¥̳
һɫ£Ӵй˼﷢
ƣЩԹȫη֡
ճ֪ѡƽ׽⻹ĹЧֻܿġ
ʵǰʥĺñ
ףӳ⣬ƶܱɾŷ֣οճĽƼ
ճƽڳУΧ˱ÿ֡
³ҳҲϰߡ
ãճԶԶͿһʮֺׯ԰һߵΧǽ
ȥɽ̨ͤ¥β
һܴĿյأһȺȭ轣ǹ
ճȭƽ˵Ǿ³ҵĵɽˣ³үʢѧĶСֻҪѧʽڽϡУܲԴԵڶ࣬˶ԽΪ١
ճ֪³үӵĵɽȭʦ˵³صǽĶ֣ڳһ
³صı£书ǽι
ҪǸһͻкܶ˰æµ˶ڣҲȷŷڵıǮ
ճŷдĺ֪һ³ԮǾۻУȻҲ֡
ƽճ³ǰŷСƮ
һ׳ӭǰȵߺˣ
˫Ŀӥ̫Ѩ΢΢¡ֱʮִִʮֺ
ճоƬɨһȥϰ׹磬Ϊ֪϶³صµͽͽˡ
һŵĵӾΪҲȥ
ȥͨ³үӣ˵ɽɵɽɵǺ͡ǹǰ١
˵꣬ճ̽һӣͻһƬ⣬ǴȥɵУ졣
Ǻһݣһ˫ۼ¡һʹȫȡ
ʦ˵ɵӶǽ书ˣǧܳǡ
˺ǰͻȻٶȽƮƮںУư㲻
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ճ·Ͼͱ˴ˣ͸ӿ̫ˣԸ͸ճȥͷ
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ӣԳ֮ûѰҵһƥôܸҵǰ棿ɵӣȴûǰİЦӯӯĵ
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ʵճǧԱԲģͽȴһ֡
ķǧһԲԲģ˾ȴѾﵽ֡
͵ĽСӢƺ˭ȻһҲڡ
ҲܳɫˣɵͽɽٱҲϰ㡣
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̩ɽɵͺɽǧִԼҪһأʱʱĸӺ䣬˶оԼܱӡ
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ճͣ˽ŲʱԹԵǰȴЩ̫ʺϡ
عͷǰ߼ɽɽ³ǰʦʦ͸λʦ֡
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ϸˣҪǺɽ̫ۡ
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ճ˸ոջ˵ЦʱԼֱӱʮָ߰ĮﲻЩζ
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أȷյĲڳԶ
ǾûѨ£ж˲ƶŵߣⲻǺ
ճСһ͵ԼΪҲЩ棬Ц˵ķʦ۹ɽĻط㽣Ӧû˰ɡ
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˵еһ֮ʱѾԿзɹĲӬȡ
ճ֣ķСȻҲֻǶʮͷƺʵȴΡ
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ķ嵹ûб佱Եãֻǿֵʦ̫׹ˣղŵ˵ȫǲµġ
ճЦЦҲǫ飬ҲѧȺľ磬ֻЦЦ
³үӼ˻ʦͽЩͷû˼ٺֻ˵ǹʦƲˡʧˡ
˵͸ǼˣԸ·͸ȥͷ


539 £
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飡
³ү䣬³һۣȵ
˼ּ֦̻ͬ̩ɽɵɵ˵ɽɵķǧҲ˵Ϊҵĵɽȭȴǲ˵ġ
ϴͶʮˣȻס׵ͬôܰݷ󣿵϶ξʮ꣬Խأǰôû
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ʦæֻȥĹЩ鰡ƽɶҴġ
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ȫСҲӣҽһ붨һʮġ˫衯ǿ϶Ҳû˵ˡ
ⲻǽ֮ϹҲţ
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˵ĳ·˵ĳĳ
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Ǳô˵ɽٰٳǵϴȥˣƫƫķ壬ǺɽɵľӢӡ
Ҳóķʶ٣ŽҥԣֻļЦȴôҲβˡ
ķһŭʹֱ磬̧ȥȴ³Ҽ˻ɵԼҲһš
ʦܹЦ˵ʦڴţˡ
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Ϊũңϲװ书ģ̾˻һƽϲЦ¼ŵǳģˣʦɽϺĻ
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С˵ʱҪѶҺðѵ㲻ɡճŷСһͷЩЦ
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ҲһŮףΪիԭһ˿ԣ۲ת֮ƺ˵
ճĻͰһۣճȴǿˡ
С˵Ҿ⣬ôǰһ·ʲôֶοʹ
ǺãǽŮ¼ȨҾͲˡ
ճ֪ķСû֣ղźߵҲ˵ɴͲ顣
󷽣־ȥ·
ò˵ʱĳۼǺѡ
ճҵСɫҸµᣬһ·ˡ
۰һƬһȺɫСǶסɽ壬һСϵڽĲϣԳջ
ճһ٣Сͷˣȴ˵ЦС˵ȥʲôðƯ·ֻܴ¹򡣡
⻰˵СĶǶԧϷˮͼ
ٲ֪ô·Ҳ֪Ŷ£̷Ǵõġ
Сüƺһŭ֮£Ҳ˲úˣҧгݵ˵ǸɫǰûôҪĥ䵽ʲôʱ򣿡
ճĳӦоѾûǰھ¥ʱǰ䣬ֻǺȴľúܣԼ綾
һ䣬˼ûôΣճһҲգЦֻ˲ŻżŮ˵ѧְ𼱡


540 꺮ǧϣ
ճС۵壬棬׼Ǳҧ˿ڣһںɫѪԵһ
ͬһʱ䣬ưڷСıģһǿͬ˳һϯۿɼıסĺȫӿ˿ڣһڿ˳
֮³Ѫѽתʺ졣
ճϵĲˮڣһСӣһףƵҩˡ
ɢһҩڷСı˴ճų׷˵ûˣ߶ѾȫƵøɾ㿴һ󺹣ȥˮ
𣡰Ұ·ϡ
С촽ˮĨӲɣҸоˣȻԼɡ
УȻ㲻Ҫú˯һܿʼϰϾԪ
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ճһЦ·ԭãúõһõ̬Ȼδ߳š
Ǻʦ㣬ȥɣСʦúϢһᣬҾڸڣ½ҡ
κˣǺ澪ϲҲ˲øճ˵ллһһڴȥŷϲĽ
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ںǸСһμ棬;øһ֮û̫֮ġ
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ѵεôɣôһپƾͿԵõɽ߽Ȩá
ճһµˣҲǺսӡ
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ûһԼ˼ҵ˰һʵʱ仹Ĳ鲻Ըġ
˵˼ôּ򵥡
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ճ̾һֻǾãİƽͣƺЩʵһΣĸо֪Ӻζ𡣡
˵ҵѾˣСЩԾ
ǺҲ΢΢ݣһֱеķ飬ĬĬŷ𾭣ճһԲʱҲͣжճ
ţӦǿʱɡԽƾͻԽͣҵЩڴˣĽ֪Ǻεģ
ճ˵ĪĻ˴߳
ʱѵλαϯղ顣

³үӴ³ӵһǰˡ


541 꺮ǧ£
ʮ˸Ŵϲ۷ŮϴŽЦ⣬Ÿ־²Ʒйǰ㳡ڲˡ
ճһͼ⸱ﰵ³ҵĴֱʣһسǵǵĹ֮ĵͷǱѰ
ۼųȴǱȻɽɲ֪ǿȥˡ
Ȼճ˼龰ȴȫޱ飬·˾ռ֡
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˻ɽɣһɲټٵӣ˶ƹ㣬ֳǵҲֻСơ
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ճͿϵӣɽɺͺɽɾڴϯϯòԶç˵һЩ
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֪Լ̫ҿأͬˣɵ˸ǿԼ˵ʱڵʮ㣬յǰ
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֮£ٰٳǲٱʵûʲôζתͷճڳ⣬öסһ㣬ʮܣɿ˵ʦڻɽɹúûòһ㡣
˵ʦǲ֪֪ɽЩǾȣ׼ŻȣҲΪʦˡ
Цƺ˵ĻʮֺЦ
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ճͷҲ̧ԹԵĳԺȣ˵۹⡣
Ѫȴȱĸֵľ޴öࡣ
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ǺͺͷС񶼷꣬ͷСںˮ˼棬ճֵʵⲻмزǺܲǸﻹˣȻҪܣԱ˺һ㣬³үӽʡ
ǿɲҪѧĳЩһԷʱ򻹆߰µģɵͬˣճһ۶ÿ

³ׯ԰棬ɽӻɰ͵ſڣĸ䵶󺺣Ҳȫġ
ֻһõˣҲȥ³ҵУְأܽ
Щﲻ֮£ҲЩĻ䡣
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ɴŸӵ̬ſڣ˼ȴɵ˾ϡ̧ͷȴĿһǰ治֪ʲôʱһͷſ
ʮģƤǣ˫ļӣ½һƬ͹⣬ֻʮָȫǺںڵࡣ
ʱĿ
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һ˵꣬ξǰһˣͻȻɲԻɫˡһӡڻɵǰٶȿ
ɵɴ۾֨죬Ҫʾת˲֮䣬͸оȫȫûˡ
ߵļУͷת۾ͱѩףϹˮƤܿÿ£ʮ͵һӳƤǣ˫һͷԵ
⼸˾Ҫͼſڷͻأһˡ
ͬһһżȱԴ˫֮ϣƳµ֮ʱصͷһԴ£տڱȫﳶ˿ȥ
֫һţǰ˫˫ȴͻȻһǣʮϸӲ˼ĽǶͬʱǰغ󱳴
ȭһգ˷·һ߸ؾɫڷѾˡ


542 ֣ϣ
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һ˿̣촽ϵЩϧ˵̫˷ˣϺõͷѪӦøҼϲһЩźá
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ʱ򣬽йԸʥüΪҪҪɱʱɱؼҪ³ͷȱƵ񵤣ϾͿС
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ͷĺһԲϾҪȡͷѪȴҲ̫Է
ϧЫ쿪ȥԹٸ֪ôģٸʥŮıʲôڳĻҾͿ԰嶾Ҳж֡ļһ̫ˣһòʶǡ
ǧһӶ˵ϵ߲Ҳͷ­ǰֻ֫趯ĺ
ˣ˵һƱǾ͸߸·Ҳعܱô£أ׼Ҫˣ
ߣӣ߱ɱҲɽһС˵Ͻʲô˫УԼ磬־ȥ֮ⲻҪȥһ⣬ҵģԣΪɽأ
ȥɣ֪Ǽ̻֮У֣ܲܵһ˳ҲʡϷֽš
۹߲֪ͳһƿˮһڣ˵

ٰٳǴճһ֮󣬾ĿתĿʦ̫òͣǰķС񣬸оô
ȻǲûɽʦŮᣬСŶʵŮᣬȴǴδ
һˣ˻Ŀŵ͵͵ģŷСССڵʳһʱ˵
СճԵ̫죬Աߵ˿Լȴ˳ԷͷȴЩա
üͷ壬о̨ϯȻɽ亣ʵʡ
ӼһճЦԿԣЩ̫ˣԱ߰ɡ
ճ̧ͷ˿ȻЦУ㣬Ҳʵ̫û˼ˣȥһˣһϵС˭ء
С˳ӦһĿתĿճ̻ʣԼͣ
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Ҿ³صΪǹۼδٲûǰе鷳񶼻û˵ңһʱĻ󳩣վңңٱķơ
ȴţɸ³һⲽȴ߶ˡ
֣ܽС
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ζﴫ
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оƬɨԷ֣ϯ֮ϻƹڣ˰׹ȫһߡ
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543 ֣£
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544 ŵϣ
ѸͣʮּɵǰоԶվߵһּΣգʵڲԸ
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ľַȷ˵ʲôɽԼɡؼ˫һһݡ
ùȥļȻȴΪ֮ﵽ˦ּԲǣתƱ𹭼Ҫǿ֡
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أͱһ괩֣һ˼磬ʹ죬мɵ֮£⡣
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ˣ
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ɽɵҩָ֮˵ɽߣòĵͽܣʹкš
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ȴһϢ͵
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Сһ˵ȫ󻩡
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ɵһ£ɫǵͨ졣
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֮£һ᲻Ѿҡҡλվȣٰٳæס


545 ŵ£
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ôվվԼߣ۶Դᶨ֧ţָоܺá
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ͲǷǲֵѪˣ¾ǻȥʦҲҵġ
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С񵹲ȫǼǺɵ˵Ļ˵ճ³ǳɺͳǾ¡
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֮Щ˺ͽçʱһԣͷΨŵҲֻǲɽɵˡ
ȹ˴գɽɡ̩ɽɡɽԼ³ҵΪͻᴫ˷
³үӴʱѾ˶ǱĴѸһ÷ƣʱڵͷǺȣΡ
ɽɷǧȴ̾˿˵ǣʦֶûȰ˵ɵʱǹסǵˣҲˡ
ʦҽǾǼող֣룬Һѻжļʱҩƶ
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ҲǼˣʦʱļǵĺ¶ƣסԼûȣؼʱ̻ܳɲǼܵС˵¡
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ǲ¹ﲱϵĶ浹Ҳˣ⿴ͷ˾£ȴЩ벻ͨˡ
ǺȾƵĽǧϵ·Щƣȴһˣǽɫһ˴Ű̧ͷţŰϴģûǸݺ󽭵İˡ
ֵıƷǧơʮֹ졣˵ֻҪһƴϣԶ˼˥ϣ˵һӥ˸ָߵͣȻûͻһȴҲʮԶԸ
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߲˵ģֻеȥǲߡƺһɽ̵ʹҲˣ϶£һزùɫҲǼΪѿ
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546 Ϊıϣ
ճǧ˵˵ǣֻҡͷʧЦԼ˲ŻӦ
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ճ̫Զ³ɶ˻ֱǰ̾Ϣ
оƬɨܷ֣³ܵ³Զһϰ׹һ߶ȫǰ׶Ҳֺˮƽ
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ճһ˿⡣
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Ȼ󣬾ûȻˡ
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³ĵɽȭʱ˵ɽû̫á
һȭںںؿڣз¡һ޹İţ˶ꡱ죬ȭͷùˡ
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ƺһпиɾСֱӵһСֱ֫ãнͷ˷һѺ֣ʱʥû񵤽ҩܵġ
ֻһѣûʲôϵȭúõǴ󲹣ҵǸǿͲˡ
ճͷȥǰǿռݷλ񣬶ȴȫɫƣǰʱĲ㡣
³үӿԼӱĲȴв
ͷǺȵøƺһСľܰķζȳ
˼ˣʱܷܲӳսǸ⡣
ôҽ㲻ΪԸ룬ҲΪǻɽɡֻҪӦ˼ҿԱ֤ɽɵɽߣˮ֮ʿ֮ϱ
ǧȫ۹ݣ˵ȴɿ
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һû˵ĻǣӦպɽɾͻᱻǴˡ
ǧȫĵĿճһʱɿڡ
ʱ򣬲ͨͿˣɽ̩ɽɽɵȫףԷɵΩлɽһˡ
Ҳ֪жϣȻΪޡɵǧԵ˶Ϊ塣
Խ˵ֳӱɱȫһܣ޵ͺ
ǧѵ֪³ɽɱŵԲѣҲ·ͷ
ƾ㣿
ǧﲻмЦɽʮ̫˻࣬ȴûʸ˵ģʥ¸ƣһˣԸҲǴ´ࡣ
һ仰ѵޱ˻ȥǧ˾ͲֻתͷһЦݣʵҽˣ
ͬΪı̫аΪɽӣôܿΪΪȰǻǴȥȻݹֺ
ճһ仰˵꣬˶͵͵һ


547 Ϊı£
ֳƺȻʿ֮ûʩչֶΣԭλսվɹŰصˡ
ӰȻΰȴʮְġ
Щǰʱ䡰һʮĴ
ǰΪǽҥŻɽ˫ж֪֮˵ĺҴʱȴ߰˷֡
ĺǿôܻᱻضԴ
ʲô٣ֿ϶˼٣Ҳ١
ʵǧﱾҲûճ̫أֻǸոսʱݵġ֡ѸΪ˿ԼĹͣезǿǴİճҫһʲôŭ罭⡱˵ճĽ˫Ƶġ
ʵ˶ˣճûѸϺܵȫǽˡ
ˣǧŻӼɵʮ־ҽ
ûͰѸҪ˻Σ
ΪΪʵǿ
ʵϣ˳ܺһ֮⣬ϡŹֵı£һ׷ɱҲǲ̫ںġ
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ϴܴסɽ̽Գ֣ˡʮɢ
滹ڽ֣˭ᶯɵѴʧȥͽĴлָ˹
̧ͷŲŮӣֱð𣬵ʱѸ֮ǰ˵ˣǶҩǡɽ̡ǧʹ䱸ɢ
߲Ѫ
˵ɵһ޵ǡ֡ļ̣ڶʹ޵Ȼǧʹˡ
ǧĴʣڳеˣΨǲŮһ˶ʮۣ˭
Ů
ɵһгһͳֱ̣ǵ㣬ǰ˻ȥԭҰǿƥ
˸֮һסǧؿڡСء桹⡹ȡšͨȡߴѨ
δһѨᱻС
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˹иҲֻƽ֮䣬ȴҪݵġ
ճȻǳ֮֮дȴҲӦ
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֮ʱҲֻǰɵ͵ȵһ𣬸Ѿжʱ⳰Ц衣
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ܽȫ羴ĿֻճϴʱѾҫŽ⡣
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ɵĿˣΪɽ̩ɽɽ˴ˣҲˣõ˺òж
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͹ͬԼԺķչа
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ϢٲͨˣҲ˫Ϣ
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ڳʿ̫࣬ü١
ǰҽֻ֮һЩضȺֻ֮ҪڽдˣͲ᲻֪ɽ˫֮

ֱȥҽСȰȥȥظԸСһƥ֮ϣЩš
ִֻ֮ʱϹΣʵѧò̫á
֮ΪմǶɽ˹нӴƥ
ҲǺͺöˡ
λʦڷС󣬽ҧ촽һԡ
ļ⣬ȴµȥ
ƥ̲³͵ġ
ҲǼСճϵ̫ã³԰ݷ壬Ҳ˺ɽʦ
Թ緹ͳţճ׼׼ȥԼˡ
÷СҲŻɽһͬС


553 Ѳ⣨£
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ܷСټپУУκû˵Ȼš
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òԶ˳·һȥɣˣ㻹û˵ŵǸʲôΪʲôһֱزȥ
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кܶ飬ʵֻΪԼУĲС
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Щ˺ֱײ޽ɣȴǲΪȫǿأ
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Ʈ϶ճѾ𽥹ճһĻͥ磬ЩָŵĻǷСҲЩǲ֪ġ
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ճһ۷С΢΢̾Ϣ
˵Ǽҵ˽ط㣬ǳܲͷֿȡδʱСŰ˳˽ɷޣٰüܾЦЩ⣬Ȱ˵Сŵö೤ۣǲ˵ԴͿˣȥʲôá
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ĸӣѹŲԸȥˣ˶ӣǣң˾ͼ꣬ضӻԹԻȥִᣬչ˵ĵطС¾͵ö


554 ǰϣ
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ȥ겻ǻúõôؼҼҴҵҲȱһڳԵİɡ
СеĿһԵֱۣŵ÷Сȥˮ۵ֱӡ
ճ֪СӦǸŹϵãԵղŻڼԼҽõ£ֱӾټɽѧ԰
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ǹܼҷ룬ûüۿս˵׼ͷ;ñһʹֱˤڵء
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ŶСηѣƿ۾̫ҿԱߵʬ壬æǺһŷ𡣡
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˻һշްնٻиߣصļһﵹǸ⣬Ȼɱ֤


555 ǰ£
СΪֻԼܵ˽ѡԼ̫֮֮࣬
ŵĹִһߵأСҲΡ
˵طǰңӭȢ¸ʮֿɽɵ·ʽȴһ취ûС
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Ĵʹߵòճ֪ǲȥͨ籨ɱ˵£
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ظǰճһ˶ĽɫƣЦЦŵļ׳˵ȥͨط㣬˵Ҫʵˡ
ķӣظſڽҲؼǺεȵλԶ㡭


556 ӧ֣ϣ
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ǶǴǶԵŵġ
ճŵĴС񵹻ֱӸ֪ɽɣ붨ʦ̫ط㣬ҪһЩ
ȻһЩˣҲûҪˡ
ճ˵
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ԼȭҪˣûʲôԥģһ
һ·ԺеһأҽһƬ
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󣬱ǽСץܴ䣬ܶ˶
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˵Żһź£Һᵶľ׳赶ǹ
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ȷСʶ࣬ƽȴֻǾţÿ˵ʱΣͷ
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Ȼ˵ԼСŮˣĸӸǴδգ汻ҵնɻ͡
ճԼʵʮţȴҲұ֤ڼ֮лסˡ
ճǰ۹һе棬˻źᵶХų˹
ͻȻǰһݺݵʯذϲȥ
¡
ƺմ˸ףϳ̷¼˶ʯذ壬Ƴϸ


557 ӧ֣£
ڲĸо֮Уƺ˿ΣվȣббҪ
ճһ߳ǱȳϸʯͷһʯżʯХڲȥ
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ļ˵أҵ˽Ϲۡ
һճȴǽ΢˵ˣǹٸ졣
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ֻмùͬ߱ˤҲ⡣
˴ʱǲ֪Լˡ
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ЩȫŲװǳͥǹٸǴŵ˾ȻҲ˵ɱɱ˵˾ˡ
Էǹٻû
Щѽˡ
Сϲ֣Թٸηǲĺһ㣬ֿЩΣˡ
ճȴ
Щ졢ԺػķλѾжط
һԽԽҲѾظĴ˿֮µĶ쵽Ŀĵˡ
ΧԽԽ࣬ʱĲѾѧʵ
ðȻ𹥻ֻԶԶĶճˡ
ΪֻҪиҼֵˣճͻһ
ʱ򻹿ƣ¹͵ˣճֻ˵
ߺˣ
ۻʵһɷ
һۣͷڵĶʮ˳
һȺ֣йԱи̣н֣񣬵ȻشĻµļʮʿ
ճ˹ȥʮ䣬ü棬ȥȻòС
ӵؼһ˿ݣճò˵һѹӣΰɷ
ȻòȡˣһòãҲѹһ̶ΪһܲӪ˴̵һԿţҲֻý׵ֶͼıϧˡ
űԵòҪҪģҲˣŮˣǰġ
˵мأ˰ÿγȥʱдŮ׷ǾԾǸ׷ǵļơ
׷˰һŮǸ׻Ǹ׹˰ÿλؼҵʱ򣬶ܹض飬ҲͳΪˡӯʵ
Ȼճעĵһﳤö࿡ϵѪһ˾ȻЩͬ
ͷˣѪӿȪǿޱȣȻĮ˫еĺ廹Ҫǿࡣ
֪ˣǱĺô
ճǺ档
ƹһƬһһϢڣѵõޡ
壬ճĻʦѪĵزҲֻһѡ
ȻЩص㣬صط۾ֻճһˣȻûпһߵźǣеС
ճڴط㣬ߵź
תͷһŮ˵ԽԽӣ̾һɫĮȻһɪĶڻС
ʱ㻹װʲôɵܲͷæΪӾץ磬ȴƺʲôɣ㲻ϵߵŮ˺ͺӡ
ճµĿһĻ˵
ȫһЩӺҲճ¾˹ʩҽǰոշּֿݣʵ֮

ճһˣЩǰ³үӵϼδꡣ
ЩȻ㲻ö㣬˭Щϵ
һЩ֣Ⱥбȭʩʮֿ
漴ճݾȫˡ
ǡ˫ôˣѻƺ桢Į˫ۡɽ̵ɱòҰܣŹȥãҵطܲͷ߲ơ
µö㿪һ㣬ȴҳͷһҽɵˣǾ鷳ˡ
˵˽ǰͷطɫȻһ䣬ЦǺ˵֪ǡ˫ҽݹ٣ĳĲˡ˾ǹͣз裬Сϲʲô鶼˵
˴һʼڣȵ֪˭̻ЦʮеʳϵʵһƤ


558 絶ϣ
ճĵȴûаֲ
Ȼ٣ڲ֪
ʷйĺڵӢۺܶǰһף˺һףҸˣԸ˸ҵӡ
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˵ջŪȥȵպŻᣬɱܴ衣
ڳЩ˱طؿֱ۷΢΢ͷȲҪģر
˹ͣȻܵ˵ЩˣЩִִĻˣʵҪ
ϧǣط⸱ãճȴǲûʲôá
Цеĵܲͷü飬Ҹ㲻죬Ϊָ
ڣطٲӵճߵţĬһСᣬչЦ
֪׾ʲôϵĳЩྴΪȢϵԭһֱĻʺޣһЩõ˼
طƽһڹϢĿŵͷϣ˵ҽǴĻɽӣȻڱƭˣ֪Щ
֮ں£ıݺ
Զ㣡ճ
طһϡ
ԭڵˣô궼ûţǿϲɺء
طž˵ŵĻʱӲľͰѻŤת̬УһҲΣΧ˶ǰһʡ
˶ˣһܲͷʲôԲԭ飬˼Ҽ
ŮֻͨطƽȻҹӳȥι
Էȴ֮ǽġ˫ȴǲôˡ
ȵıԲߣΪһð취
֮һʮ꣬Ź۵ˣĿǰһĻЦЦ˵ʾֻ֪жһЩɡ
˾ǳ֪˴޷
֪ʵûûζµܲͷС磬ȻҲԹԺϲȫڲϹټӣԵѰζ
ƽطƴһЩԱѹƣ֪ܣһȨûС
ʱŻˣɴΪĶ
˫衱ոڴ̸ʱ޷Ҳģֻ̾һԼΪʲôûʶ˳ҪȻΪǿԮҲ
һһӢɱңֻžѪҺڡ
ʱϢ޲ֳ̾һ˲õĴ
˵ܲٲܲپ͵ﾹȻߡ
żطͺͱݣòѪʹ༥
ճ£˵ܲȷʵµ˵µˮ©Ҹղȥ㣬ȴֹ󸮹ܼҾȻżūҪ̫ɣǼˡ
˭Į֪ҰģȻˣ׽ͷطŭ
ȥˣҵĽ£ĳƽôƽܷŹճЦе˵ȻˣҲû˭ɱұ㣬˭Ļı
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ճ˵⻰̧ۿͺ档
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ճ˵΢Ʋĳ
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֪˴޷ˣһ۶գĿ̬չ
ҲˣճһŲƣطбãȴڱ޿ɱܡ
Ķɱĵĸ֦Ŀɳ𣬸οҲָӲҵˡ
̫үԪֳһЩҵĵȫڱ֮УĻִ߳ʿ֮УҲһ󲿷֡
Ѿһ˭Ҳֲ˭
Բڳƴơ
ǣӦҽҪ˫󲻿ɵͣһõͷ
Ϳǵͷǹǿˡ
޷ǿͷϲ⣬ɫߵϴʱȴ¶Цݡ
ճһԼȳֱָҪҲǱƵطٲܼʡ
׼쵶ն飬ظ֮ȴֲôɡ
ظ֮󣬽֮㣬֮⡣
ǹԱˣǽʿŽ飬ʵޱȡ
ڽУǳ֮УһΪ˴ܳжѿչҲýһʦ
طܲͷ
ʿʹΪΪ齨һǻϷˡ
ԼһΪ޲Ǿɷ
ɷ򲻿һȨҪľȨ
ԲŽңҪᷢȥ
Ϊвʣ˾ͻ˵壬ʼǴĻ
ڹŴִᣬ˳ﶼǵò˵İġ
ճģҪһҿطĴ̣öĵŧҺ˿λܲǺε


559 絶£
ǶŮϷ룿
ڱȫˣ۷׷ףû˭Ϊճ²ס
ô³çҲãҲգĵչ黹վסš
ҲճҪ
ֱӺɵɱţܵиɽ¡
ͷıȳΪֻһڶԭ䱾͵λ
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Ȼ˼Ҿͻ˵ҽ˫Զʵȴһӵĺˮ
ֱ˼£Ϊɸ˵ĿĶɱˡ
ӣճĻɽҲˣֱô֡
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ƽٶ£ҲڲסΪĸ
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ⲻܣһˣ£ܻıСأ˵СϲˣҲû̫ܵίǺú̸̸½ҹˡ
طһĲţ̬Ͽ˲ͻ˵Ļ
ʱһλʿվ˳˵˭֪ҽܡһ붨ֻһĲˣҲεܲ˵ȴˡ
طʿȴ⣬ɷ٩٩̸ҹ۴üᣬĻ⣬϶˼ĥˡȴƼݣľȻ壬ƽôģӦöõ˵óظ˭ѹı˴ӣֻҪԼϸˡ
ʿ˵Ŀֱָط㡣
֮ǣûطĬ⣬˭ҶԸţ
Ļ֣ʵĶط㱾ˡ
Ĺǲĳˣȷʵʮе
һתͷط㣬ĿϢĶһЩ壬룬ĪǰŶǼ࣬ʵ˲صú
Ҳ㣬Ҫأп
˾ۣıȫȻܹ˼̫죬ΪָˣҲʶģźܴȴǱԽԪ
һԪݵҲûʲô˸ˡ˱ʹһ飬ƽҲûཻ̫˵ȴ˲òӡ
Ϊһģǳ֪޷ĵѧĻܶʱľ֪˵˼
ʱ˼һѪģʲôչ
Ŀȫ֪Ŀ̽档
ѵ֪ҲŽظϲӣʼ㣬̲ס
ճҲ˹ȥȴǹԱߴʱĵվ˼ߴӣϹѪǾ˳ĸ֣Ƿطˡ
֪뷨ѾҲĻᷢ𣿡
ճЩס
ۣ֪֪˲û뷨
µܲͷܿգϹ¹٣Ϊһ֪޷Ҳһ㣬ɭɭʱ޿̲ŶԸطҡ
ʱõᣬͷһճ£ҲȻ
޷죬ӴͰطΪ񶨵ˡ
ǱճԷſֽŴ£赶ɱõüΪ˳ֶҲǲ
Ѫˣֱ̫ˣ˲֪ظ飬Դ⣬ˣΪѧӣЩ׽Ӱ֮ԣҲԳڣʵǰ׶ʥ֮顣
طһ鿴˼ȴָŭ֪
ƺܵί˵֮԰Ѿŷ˸ϳţΪƶʣ֮߳ʱʱĶ͵¶֡ɷ檱Ϊ£һĸ˾סС
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д£ʹ󻩡
֪ҲĿɿڴ
طúݣһԣ̷ˮŵŪԼ
⻰һ޷Ǿ˵ճŹ֮£ȴ͵͵˺ӣʱּҲΪ˲ˡ
ЩǰظôԴλԭҲȻˣû
ط˵һԼ˵ĻʵֻԹأԼıӡ
Ϊ˫ں޸ݵĺָʵ϶š
Ϊָž˾ɷаˣǿԽġ
СȻָҽȻ˭鷳ƫƫŮ˺δ̫˵ɣ
ǣճȥʮ꣬Ѳǰëûʱܸͨ飿
ȻҲº֮ٸȾ·˲롣
ǰһʱң֮ڶ
˶˵ԣ˾ȻܸȤ
鷳ǣҲûʲô׵ӼǼȫƾ
ƨ
СôõƢҲɵÿ໰
ʵ̲סˣƽķ׵˾⡣
۾ڣͷѣһͷԵڵء
ճЦ˵˵úãܲųת䣬Ǳްڵ˵ɰ׵ġ
ãҾͲҳ̣˭˭ǣֻһ䣬ҪɱҼұˣ㵽׽ǲ
ͼذ֣
ֳͻȻһ֪ǲݣҪˡ
ճĵԼɵˣȻȥ۷һαӡ
˾ǴҲ˵ɶԵģĴаηڡ
ѵõһ˲ţǿͷһֻǷϵ书ˣȴû뵽ȻѰ·
ճ⻰ʵҲ˭֡
˵Լԭд֮߳Ըϳţº󱨸ӺҲδɡ
Ǿ͵û
أԭ˵ºѰҲûˡ


560 ˪δԣϣ
ô˵ԼԼȨԭɡ
ʱ͵ÿ˭ȭͷˡ
·򲢲ǹٸɣĬ׳ɵĵҲǽϿɵһΪʽ
ɱˣ壬ɡ
沢ʲôǷֱֻб
ڹټҷʵҲǹġ
һ˷˷ɱˣ˿ѡץļΪֵð
ǡ
ڹٳϣֻҪһ˷˴Լ壬ʱǣ㣬壬׽ھӶȥˡ
ԣʱ˶ΪֻҪˣôǶǴðġ
Լôûϵ붯ɡ
ճҪľ
һվסţ˵óڵĵ
طɫףһӣֳǿļʿΧмһЩֱͣɱɭɭĿճѾС
һЩˣĿĵ£У׼Űˡ
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֪һЩԼһЩ޹صĽʿ˿վһǣʱȫɫ׵ĿǰһĻϰ¡
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೤ϣͻȻ
ط˵Լžġ
Ȼš˫ΪԼþͲԷ̸ηˡ
ôճֻһʮ꣬Իס˵۾
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ͬģͬ
طЩƾ˫ޣһնڶ֮к֡
ҪϲԷսȴܡ
ο˲֪ߵЩʲôˣҺõҪһӣ֪ܲ
ҼֺǺҺõĴңóֶĴ׳
ϺвȴǳưԳһͷߡ
Щط㶼֪ġ
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ط˵ȴ̫ණһЩ
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ɽ֮⣬ÿܵеɡ
Щľ̳֪æЩʲôʮսݣû̫˼ԣڸÿ𽥵ı
Դʮǰˮøɽɺݺݵĸ˼̳̳֮֮⣬һЩÿڻ伣
зͷʵǿľֻͯܵķúͼֲá
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Ҿһ֧
ԪүȻƽ躹ޣԣ֪ȫǶ֮е۷֣һĽĵ֡
³صܱ֮Сأչڣԭ򲢷ΪηٸǼɵԪ
Ԫĳ¾һ·иֹղǽ𣬳ޱȣ¸ĽúνĹǿʵôۡ
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ͷ뷢ţݣȴ׼ȫˡ
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ظǰټ󳡵϶ʱɱݺᣬϼֻȵɱһ㡱ļߡ
ܱ㷣һʱսӵԼ
ճһЦزͷ̵ĸָܴİڳϣլ̫ã㵹죬˵ĵ
֡
طɫǵͨ죬
ճЦ֮ʱͷףоĪΣɭɭףڶ֣ܸ㰲ȫ
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Ϊǿ
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ʮ֮ڣ˾й
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ط㣬ߵİж٣һֻ̣ܶһճɽѰĹ
ճվɿ⣬м໤죬һЩõľ֣ȴͻȻ۾һͼһֻȭͷǰ
ȭͷǵأҰ糤ⲻԶǲɽǱ¡¡ֱѹ
оԼͬɽµһֻСϣôҲܲɽ֡
࿹


561 ˪δԣ£
طһɫװرĽʵƣ˫͵ͨ죬ɫ߸߹
ͷʺѪܸ
˫ֳʽһʽٻ족͵һȭ
һ̣طŵĳֻľ
ʵǶճ̫죬̫㡣
Լȥ鵶ֻܿܵ鵽һ룬ȭͷѾԼϡ
ѹƿıһȭطԲȥԼѪֵܷ֮סȭͷ
ȻǷ񶨵ġ
ȭӣط֪̾ˡ
ʯȭ
˫𾢡
ճ̫ڴþʹ˫ַóȭ
˫˵ǽʵǱȫѪıһһط
طħħЩƣЩͬ
ħȣ⡰˫÷ȴһޱˡ
ֻùǱһ͸֧ȫҪǿ̫ࡣ
طʩչԽǿѪԽǿҲԽǿ
óԽһȴóƹĺ֢
ճˣùɱ֮ڼͨڣֻʮʱ䣬ͿԳȴʽɱС
ظʹó˿ܣʵǿʽɱУڿݱΪһгֵַø˵һ顣
Ȼˣһ־ǿĿֱָطܲͷħ̸Ԫҷˡ
֮ȹط㣬һϿӰӣ˹â
ط㲻˳ʮӢ˳˳ˮõŮģֶθǲһȫں桭
ôôһʱǡ
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ңճоƬɨ֮пˣطвʵҪԪöࡣ
ɣŲʣܡȫȥ֮һпܳΪµ̽ͥ
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ճһȭճʱը죬ƺƥ
֮ʱȴëӡطġٻ졯дʽ档
ڱֻҡҷʯһ
һõƮƸоƲȻĶһ¡
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һȭжǿҼǵһӳնɱˣ޼᲻ݡ³һսʱźԶͰͷӾնأȻĳֱǱʽһַǳصؼ
ȻǸϽϸĹƵĻܼͷӸû⣬ϵÿһ˿жɣָʱʱ
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ճϾһĿ
ͷǼٵģǼٵģ϶ǲϰߣϹǻɫ
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ճȻԵ޹ʵоƬɨ赽ˣǶԵвŻˡ
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Ϻٿһճ΢΢̾Ϣ˫Ŀƽ͵Ȼȴ˼صڱҲһԡ
ˣܻ˿˿ӦϺ֪۲꣬кܲõĺ
ճһȭط㣬ֻоȫ顣
Ѫ֮£ƺһǳһؿ
ȫԸط֮ʱ־һ壬طʮǿķǣĻΪȻϢͻһСҲһϸ΢ı仯
ƺǽĤڸطȭײ֮ʱ˺õĸı䣬ܵѧϰ˶Էȭ֮еŵ㡣
˫ʮȭ֮ڿ¶ճЦһ
طؼһͬСɣĹѪǿȱճλ֣Ҳֻһ㣬ӦϢƳԽսԽµ֡
ʲô飬ҵԽԽˣѪòôͨöֻ֮ǵƾǱʹ츳Чǰ˼Ȼ
ճȭ࣬ζƳ
ǿϧˣڵлŵĳϣǿԸսһٸغϣúһġ
ɣһкѻҹ˲ĶľС
кĶͬư˹䵶֣и죬书Ȼ
һͳƺߣһӡءĴ¶ֱϮճԺ
ɻȵĳХճҪ˹
һɫϸǵ䡣


562 ˭вƽ£ϣ
һ־Ǳ͹
ճոȭ뷢Σѵǰ
Сģ
Ѫ룡
СһԸѣճ˫ۣƺڸʲôﲻɵô󼱣æг
гһ񣬾ͳ齣ʣܺȥ
ңûзճͷβûггȻһƬУƺδǰΧڡ
гѪֵĵȻΧ۵ı͵ˡ
һ̣ǲŷ֣ЩźŽߵʮˣȻȫ̵¡
Ϊճ飬ͻϮɱҲѾ˲ݣɱг˵һҪ񣬰ĸħ洫ѧȫ˳
Ӱȣȭƣ׶ħ׹ǽɽ
ܸѧճֱд۽硣
գǳȻħ͸ˣܲͷħ̵ˣ˭õ
֪Ҳ̫±ľ˵ԶԶģʮֵǡ
ħ²ֶΣһսȡϷ磬ڳ˿²кõ³
Һɱˣɸħ̱У˾ͻƴһѵǵõʲôȷϢ˵أ
һЩʿµĶøԶĿ⸴ӵĿſʼһȾ̸ЦԪˣ¸ǳϹϵ
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֦ͬһپ٣ɽǿɽΪȻǸ˵ģѵʲôԣ
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Ȩѹ֮󣬴֪ŷ֣Լǰ뷨ȫˡ
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565 ʲã£
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566 ˳ƶΪϣ
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ԶԶֽǣ׷ͷ߼ͦñֱл
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ߣصׯոձˡչ뷨˵ˣ¡ͷ̾˿˵ûϵҽΪҲ˵ãɮʵ̫Сˡ
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567 ˳ƶΪ£
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ǣʦͺӳӦոջԵʮѣѵ֮СèһȻԼʦʮ𾴡
ع鰲ϺȴĬĬţղšչ뷨ҲȫƣֻǱԷһʱҲ˵ǱͼǵұٹҸطôãĻǷŹ
֪һֹȻѪ̣ҲδعˣУǵúúòһ顣
ɮ뵽˾Ͳٶ룬Ŀԣ̤̤ȥԶˡ

ճ˫ҽͷ֮£ĸƽеʮ˳Ųշԭظū͸ǰЩйĽ
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ִͬ͹˾Ƹרң֮ܲ󣬹˾¶͵ÿˡ
ճֵǣôĲۣԼֳִɱһͨЩ˾Ȼûһ뿪Щϡ
Сżôݽʮλ֣ȻѵǮر㣿
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С˵͵һճɫӡ

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ͲǱԸָзеȱҲ֮¡
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ԣֻҪţûʲôڣͲҪʲôͻᾡľָ㡣
˻ݶѵΪճûʲô𺦣ᴫԼ
ڻɽͶСʦú͸λʦܵĽָ㣬ǽ
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оƬⷽŶصĳֻҪɨһ£ܰѱ˵Ľȫг
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СҲ֪ճָʲôһգճ޸ĺ򻨽ȥǺʦС
лû꣬ͰǺ͵Ľϣޱȡ
֮ǰ书ǺΪ곤ʵҪһЩ
Сʱ;ˣֱԼ۾ֻʦóȫһν
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ǵСн̸ԼʦʱȴǺôʹﲻԼʹʱ
ʱףճָ㽣ļֵڡ


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ڽѧĹУճҲ˷ʱ䣬Ҳѧ򻨽ַΨԼַḻһЩ
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Сʦã˵ڳһͽܣǶʦã̫ˡɺ˷˵
˵ɽ׻᲻ᷣ˼£ԹͽһҪʦ氡
˵ʮĻȴЦ۾𣬲֪뵽ʲôЦĳ
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˿ɺɫֽŲһ˵³ҵʱ򻹱СõģóÿƯˣЩ˵ĸ·Ƶģ˴ˮӰ롭
ɺԽɫԽڣ˼תͷƵŲЦݣһǼһﱧΪˣѣҶ˵ˣʱ̩ɽʦѵ˱Ӧ˴ʮ죬һĵӡ
СõҶˣСʱǹţǲԴˣҹʮܰɣɺҲɵ㣬ԴҲʮַ
ſڽ֪࣬ôͳԼˣ˵㰡ýҲǽ㡣
߲ԼȴûѪԵϵͣ첻ԡ
˵ʱãܽϵļֱţë
ЩٹˣΪѪͳԭ׷ϼ׵Ϊ⻰ɺ˵š
¶˰ɣģСʦãСӻˣʦݺݵķţҲΧŮһȦ
˵ɺϷΣƺ뵽ĳЩ֪ճǱ˭ȥ
ʶ֣ĹϣһѪСľľϵһա֡


569 £
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һ㶣һᣬЦãʱ͵ɽһú㡣
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Ƴϣճùţͻصоű
žͼŵʱõġ㾭ԭˣտʼʶط㲻ãͳϰ벿ϰ
ƣǰѽָ͸ط㣬ֻûеһԺȤ׻ô
ճõͼɲ̹֮ǰֻײɣҲԸطȫ취
ȻҲɾͣΪò͸ͻᵼǰ·
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֪ѧһԣе˼ѧԶҪ
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ճȻѧϰ𾭣ֻԭϸжߵ΢Դ壬һⴴߵı⡣
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ճһһȥʮͼģŻ㡢޵Ķݻﾺ֮
Ҫϰ룬ȴڲãмѽ֮á
в̾Ϊֹ
ճйϰҡ÷˪ľľ׾ʹﵽˡ
Ŷصĺʽһһڳͼǰʽʽһ飬һ㹦


570 ࣨϣ
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һһĳ


571 ࣨ£
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ģԼʦŻɽҲһģ޹ظΣϵж¶಻ࡣ
ǧֲص֣ôһ˵
ɽǲĵ飬ǰͲȫɽġɽɳʣûкôΪɵѹܿУ롣
ֻͥǵʿӰ죬Ҳ£ħ̷汻Լһֶ棬Ļһ٣ڻӶ𣿡
ôųֻʣƵᣬɽۻ䵱ˡ
ʵǿޱȣҲ뵽ɽÿһ䣬ȫҲĵ顣
ţҲĵ飬żΪ壬ֻһʱûװˡ
ճüͷ΢壬ҹϺС
ѧἸʮִͷ¶β߽һŲΪ֪ĵ
˵ʲôıһֱڽš
ʦܣʲôôţߣʦȥҸо򻨽ѾҪͻƵһΣһðҡ
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ճҲЦЩĸ


573 򽣣£
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ľʯΪΪЩʹָ֮ͬ£κζӳ֣ͿԻΪ档
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574 Զϣ
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԰ԷжٸܣճҲôأΪ޷Ϊеõʲôô
ﻹЩϲã֤ԼĿڱĲڻǸƫƧطȫء
ҽ˵ֵСȴϸˮõİá
ٿÿԾʽչֵ500ˣճﻶϲ֮ЩǣкôҲлԼƿصĶ˲İ
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ԱվŵһЩʳҲǵͷǣҡͷ
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۾ģڵţӭһשͷҵá֨һ˹ȥ
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˵˰æסͣĵҽȻԶЩƻ˼ļһҪݺݽѵƲˡ
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575 Զ£
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ͨֻҪֱۣʲôԵе˼Ҳûˡ
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˵ȳƣһţֻҪע˫֣ͻᷢŲԡ
˫Уż¶һȴǳѪ˹֮ڣȴˣͬһ¯ӡ
˾ʮ̫еġ֡ѱ򣬳ȴĹ


576 Ѫӣϣ
Ǹڹʲôѱ𷽳ϺУһΪ䣬ȻɽΪϲ
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ЩҪҪϺıּΪ㣬һа;ϵʱܻ뵽취⡣
ڸɽɵ֮УϺеϼ޻ӡ̡
֮أµĴּΪ뿪ֻһԭǾǳ˿ڳЩסˡǳľѾûʲôþӪģתı
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һ㶣Ը

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ʦܣɽܵжͣʱ̹עȺľٶһΣҪ̽£Сһ书Ķ֮Ūĵʲô
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ϼһȥ֪ûº֣ǵѾмƺڱа֮£⣬ɺɵӰӡ򹧽
עæ֣ûʱҵҪ˭һ̲ס
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ȶֵδػЦУƾɽɵ֣۽ΣԺˡ
ȫɢȥһԲġɺ֡½뿪ʱͷһۣıпᣬ΢΢һͷһ˿׺ݡ
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ڵѪҺͬӣ󣬺Ȼ죬÷ݶ¡¡
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һϲ²ͣڷͬӰһ㣬ʮ߸λƮϷ
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͸Ӧ⻤Ѿ͸٣ǵÿһԻҲڶС
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ʱȡͻƣãθҲǴ󿪣ԼͻûԣͰǽ˽
ճϣЩæµֵȥһˣǹʦ̫δùͣһۡ
ǣ
һѾŵ˿ȥų羴ȴһ仰ҲҶ˵
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ʮͼճĹΪҲǾĵȽڣоǰһֽһͱʹ
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ôĿǰҵƾ֮ͿԸᲢۣ˭˭͵ô֪
һִָֻ꣬սʱˮ׼ҿһֵжǿ
3.0ľȫųѾԼԼԲΣա
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ճĿǰȻԶԶﲻ־磬֪ΣԺηҲ֪жǿֻ֪ڳһʱ䣬ɡ㾭·
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ͤһɽˮöϴġ
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Ѻδ¡
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ԱٸһģȻǸСѾͷ
ͷԶһŮӣ񻣬ؿ¶βΡΡİɫҫۡ
ͷҲʱЦǰµĿ
С񰵰Ůӵ֮󵨣ԾãȴŮȻЦ۾ȴĿͤһͷ³ˣ΢΢б䱸š
һ־ַ̬
ٵͷͳСѾͷҲԶԶģƺҽǰ
С棬ϸȥڽ䣬ƽȣžƱͦñֱ
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ǲǷвˣС񿴵óȴЦ
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ţŮ󵨣粻຺ˣνý㣬Ȼ򵥡ǶˡҲ˵ʲôãֻоЩ
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лͲˣЩҲҺܶ࣬СǺӼԣҺҲǺϲİɣЩӣȻɽæ֮һ
ճЩȻæҽʱŷСĴҹ䣬ȴҲǶԻɽϢһ֪
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Ԫƿռ죬ɫٵͷҲȫ
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ʯϵĹȴ˿ûܵһ˿š
ͷոհ𣬾ͳһ۾ĶŽԪһᣬ̧ͷЦлүͣˮҼСŮҲǻᳪģ빫үƷ
̧˫֣ϣＤԽˡ
ŹؽǱСѾͷճ˸ݺݵƺΪոճŻүүǲȴƣſ߸
⣬ˮ׳ʿһȥ⣬̽Ѩ⣬Թ⣬ɰ׺硣
ʫǾǰ¶ġɱʫʫɱ֣ζռ߷֣ӾδСѾͷﳪǶ˼ַƽ
˸оľ̿;һȥǧֱӾ
;ĸоռݾŷˡ
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ҿùƨͨ˺ôǣԱҵҪôþȥ
䡱һ졣
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ֲֻ֪ʱȴɭ⣬ָ£΢ָһ̽ճһĶ¡
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580 ׳ϣ
׳
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ڻ뾪Ϯ̫߳ǿҲ̫ϣЩʿһ۾˳
֮ɽʮ̫еڶġɺ֡½أǺ׳ַǶ롣
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½ǽϼһ֣Ǹһһ֣ͻϮɱЧ£вһ̫ˡ
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ڻʱΣҽɱЩ˿һ߲ѣܻܿᱻɱڡ
ͤмҲǱɫȻ뵽һ㡣
ͷ˫ץ٣ǣСѾͷ֣ƺʱ·ŮӣʱѾĵĿͤǣȻѾʼж
Ǵճδ֮ǰ߰ɡ
ճ͵һͤΣһûˮ㻹á
ǰɾӳԪΪ˵ȣǰ׷ͷڿȻյ˲ƳЧ
Ԫʱ籼ףɵ;ǰ֮ͻأΪ׹֮תΪ˾ʹΪճԲ뻯֮ſóһֶΡ
þַͽϸ徫΢׶ܰ쵽飬һֶδõ
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ǸŮӵʵճʵ㲻ʲô
۷廹ûнʵǷСҲɶԸ

ճСʯͬǿһԼҲû̫ģֻǿ˳Ʈݵ̾
ϳһ͵С
һ׹âըѣˡһĵһŽ⣬࣬չ˷
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ȴδֱϣһŴض𣬸īӺӲԾ

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ճӵһָ΢΢ֻоһͬϸžֱֱ
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ҵǲ࣬ȴǲܸƴˣﳤ̣ܶжɡ
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ǹѪ֮¼٣һ̣ճͻһɽӰ֣鶯֮ٶֿ˼֡

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ף
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үүôˣɽɵĻɱ˻ɽɻˣǾ߲
СѾͷԼүүܣ˽ţһ۾Ϳ˳ֵ˭
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ճȴҲˡ
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581 ׳£
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ŭ֮£½˫һչξͰԾС
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582 粨ϣ
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583 粨£
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584 ˱ᣨϣ
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ҲõڹԪ㲻ϸ߼йء
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㾭֮ǻüΪǿļǿ̹֮ҴײɶܲηϾ綾֪
Ź洦ж
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Ǳ߷Сڼ˹ͷϰԵʮֳ˷ܣӦǵ˺ܴô
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ݺľû˱̱Ʒ֮кεȸܡ
ӡ֮У˺ôƣҲҪһʱ䣬
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585 ˱ᣨ£
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ŮĵĻЦôɽҲ۸һͷӣȻƣԸ㻹Ǵ´ġ
ϺαضŭľϵҲģûдҵ֮αػŸ̯أ
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ʥб׼һ£Ҳ֪ġɹ϶ҪϰٱҲ帣ڴűŮࡣ
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ճ֮ʱǲʵΪʵ̫Զݺʱһֵ̬Ͷ
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ȥүү˼ףоǣ˺ܼС̶Ҳݼ氡ϴλ˼᲻ߵġ
Ŷ˵ݼ㰡ϲŮ죬ں巻˺ܴ˳Ϊ롯ǻ˵ڼ䣬Ҳˣ
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˿ͬɣЩĽŭķЩƫƫϲƽͣɽˮΪǰԼģʲôʲô˭ҲܲţҲ̫ࡣ
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ͣĿԼŮۣʮ棬ǿЦ͵˵ͷ˵ãɲҪп࣬۵ġ

ȥݺͳһֻСͲóϸĲȡһֻϸСëʣմűˮд
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һԶһֻСͷ˹׼ݺļͷë׵СԴĥ䡣
ԭһֻͷһŰëɫӡ
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Ա㣬нİͷӰһܣĳΣ˿µݺͷԶ

ǣ֪á
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˱ᣡ


586 ֣ⷢϣ
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лﴩ·˺Ժ׼뷨ȣһˡ
ӣ˵ʲôƽһָôһºǸôβУҪеƼô찡ȥĴɾ磬үҪΪ
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ʲô˼֪лɫԣʵ
֪ܲҵʲôл˻֣һֻë׵ĺɫЫӴ˳

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ɽѧ԰
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ԬҲˣһﾹȻڸ٣ɽѧ԰ٵʦԴװʲô
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ճúµĽϴ΢ġꡱȻͨѾóһ˿
ȻɲϴóУԿѾʮ⡣
ճ˹˽һͣ
Ŀ˹ϲ⡣
Щճ˵ϰȻջ١
ѾʼŮˡ
ǽãҲò
ڻɽŮУɺʦ㶼Щ
ɽڵңгɵĵǱӡ
ճƣĹٽһЩӦþѧŮŮһɸ߼ˡ
ͽݼʦ
ճǰ񣬾ͼջصĽʣһӽ
ˮһٿ֮͵ǰ
һ
ѵʦΪЩĴɱǻﲻʹ죬˴ֽѵǿɾЩѰˡ
뵽Сʦõһ䡰ԼСġճ֪һôӦԣ
ȫأװУƣ
ûףͷһΡ
ճϵУŮʮŽ֮еһнʽ֯ޡ
һǲ㣬˷Χƣöֽѣֻȫ⵲
ȻҪһҲѣƵ㣬ռȻ
ֻҪǰ㣬һеĺ־ȫȻûá
ճʵкڣһѪǿޱȣҪǿ
ȻӦʦУǿ¶Ҳ̫ý͡
ܲ˵ԼˣľѪĹɡ
Ǵƭ򣬶ǣ̫󣬲˵
ö಻ö࣬ճȫҲһ̳²ƮһںηĽһ㵽ԷĽ⡣
ͬһС֯ޡ
һײһճֻоһʹľ˹
ǹһ壬ֱ٣⴦һһҲ̲ȥˡ
ҲԼΣɷ󡰵ŵš˼


592 δѣϣ
һҲ̲ȥˣֻճ壬һͣ
ˢһսʣϲֵʵѾͨˣ֮죬˵Ķ飬·Ǻеġ
ɺĽֱûˡ
ɺˣŽŵѾúܿˣҪͻƶ֣һܴͨͲܶ𣿡
Сʦˣ˼ܳҵġճɺίĿæ˵
ߣͻ˵ģˣôʲôɺһʾģ۾ȴѾ΢΢г
ȻճúܿģʵԼȲ
˵˵ɣôܻƺĮ˫۵˵ģȵİճǰЦӯӯʵ
ͽԽԽˣ˵֮ʱǿǿ
ʱʲ㣬ʵǿˡ
ڲһʱͨжεĵӣĻҲûˡ
壬Ǻܿ죬Ҳֻǵ硣
ϸͨʱȺѵõĶƣ뷹̾ɽš
ֻҪٹ꣬ڽгһһ֣»Ҳ֡
ǻϲͽܵٶȾȻҲȥϡ
ողŵ֮̽ʱأԴԴһԴͶֲһɴ񡭡
ǵͨһ֣ĻԪɾͣһ˿
ͬľ磬ֲ˭š
ֻҪһ֮ǰճɽ֮ʱֻǴͨڶľ磬Ѿͨڳ
οճС꣬ʱ⣬һ޴ĺ蹵
˶Աȣβϲ
Цø͵ĺһ㣬ֿ˻ǿʦļӡ
ڳȴȫ˳ϲֱҪβס
ĽĿճһۣ͵͵ЦˣֻʦʵҲȤ
ֻ֪ճ϶ʵ
Ӹոճĳ֮Уûпʦӳɣֻó۷
׼һ㣬һЩһЩĳԼǰȫһ
ճһĵɺС椸ƭˣΪʦʦء
Լµĳԣԭ򲻾ΪΪǿͣµӵԼһİ
ôΪһССĻأԭǲҵΪӦ˵նɱĮ˫ۺͺɨƺˣҲʮֺɡ
£ճҲͰһеľԭԭ˵˳
ԼΪôһû˵ĻҲƭˡ
ʵûҪţȺ棬һϾȺʦϸ˵㲻ö׽Ҳûٶݡ
ͬԸܻΪӿǣǸѵõĺʦƭճⲻȥ
Ҳ֪ˣΪռҪ뻤Ժߣմò⣬Ҳ֪˺ʲʣǾɽ
±֪ˣСʦõɽѹˡ
ڻɽʮæµڣ򻹻ỨʱԴӼ˽£˵ʮ꣬ճȻġ
˵³ϵľգԼôͻϮɱڰ˫ܣսƺ棬ǧǧʹߵ˵Ĺ£ֱɺֱ۾Ź⣬޲ڵ
ٵճ˵Լڳóֶ龰üëˣȻǵġ
龰ճ֪ǻɽɻѾãԼЩ㣬Ҳ⡣
·ϱɽ½͵Ϯ飬ճû˵ˣôҲͲԼôܰ½شƨ顣
ƺ棬طԪ˵ܺýͣͬΪ֣ճĽر
ֻҪӪƣɱܶҲûʲôϡ棬½ȴǲͬ
ɽʮ̫֮еڶĸ֣Ƶһ֡
ʵʵȺҲֻ࣬Ҫ
ȻҴδȹ䣬ͬΪˣӹս֮Ҳܷ໥֮ʵΡ
ճ˵Լ½ص顣
ôôܵģ
ôܿԽԶ蹵
벻ͨȺҲĻأǵô̽ܲɡ
һ²һ¡
ճû˵ȴǿ˵˵ġ
ʦ㿴ⱾΣˣоԼİܴ󡣡
ճѡ㾭˳
ûϸ˵㾭ĹЧһᣬ˵űķȷж֮ˣɽϼ񹦶㣬ٶҪһЩ
񹦰֮辭̾ʮϧ֪ǲǿԼ
պðɣⲿ֪ˣ»£ҲʦµϰһԹˡ
֪»ᷣڣǺǡ
˵Ц
̬ﾹȻЩСŮĵƤ
ճôˣȻŮĸ
СʦõӾףѡ
ʮˣȻͯδ
ǣȺ˵жȫˡ
УȺһֱֻɽڴУţԪԪһɳ;
ΨΨϣɣһ
һеϡŹֽа屬Ѫ֣ǻǻɽʦзŵˣ


593 δѣУ
ҲֻܹȺƽı̫á
ϸҪӣϸҪԼչʾΰһѻɽڷ⡣
ľӷȲƭˣԼҲƭˡ
ʵȺǲʵûкõĹȴ֪ôҪء
Ȿ㾭ȷûʲôþˡ
ʲôطС
ʱδɣ徭ĿҲǿͬһŰֽ
ȵʹˣʲôѾ͡
ߵǵһǷ·ӣ뿪ʼޣõЧºܲ⡣
ʮ֮ѪԵòʱˡ
ƪľ͸ȺϰҲֻѪʢ֣𲻵ʵá
ִϰҲͻƾԽԽкô
ʮ겻ƻʦʮƵ϶Ҳ
ΪѾǸĺʱ
ԣճⱾȺһϼϰԷҲ϶ǿ۵ġ
ɺ͵͵İճһߣʵʦܣҿɲôŰ壬þˡ
һЦЦҲȥܡ
ճεⱾ֮ŮˣԲϡ
ɺֻʣҲ̫ʧֻŶһŵŬһ㣬Ӯʦ֡
ΪʲôҪӮʦ֣ճ⡣
岻ͱԼСʦѵΪԼѲĶ֣
ɺΪѵĵʦϸ´ͨһˣʹ˸߼ϣĽ׸߼ʵǿ̫࣬С
ʲô
Щ½Ľ㡮˫뻪ɽģãҲҸСʦڽڣȴȫ˽ţȫʦ̵ֽ˵ǵСӡ
ɺ˵һЩίȻ̫Ⱥ
ţõĽһЩԼʦܽ˸αôʦٳأûʦ
ճһˣɵѾͷΪԼģΪ˲ƽ
ճֳģɽߵģ˿˽Ľ̵һЩŵӽڽϴºܴ
ΪɺпȷʵỪɽһš
Ͻģ˵ʵûʲôͬġ
ϾԼͽܣֻҪͬźȥɱҲּɡ
Сʦã͸Ӳ˵ˣ֪ʲôʱѾʼȫ֧ճˡ
ȺտʼҲ޳ɵģȴǸı⡣
ɽϵ½ӹϰ书Ϊܿƫ
ѵҵ̫ˣҲов
ȻѧģôͷŹȡ˴ʩճϸϸ˼Ⱥ˼
ȺɽҪ׳Ҳֻ쵼ǿ
ʱ䣬ɽôӡ˫׵İѡӽѹȥ
˵ɽɣֻ֪ҽ֪֮ˣһɵƿʮֲ
ҲΪ˵ȺʮΡ
οȺĵԶ룬Ȼ޷ƿصΡ
Ҳֻδѣǰ棬ŽӰˣҲ塣
Ϊôճ̫ԶвԼĵλ
綨ǡ˫ٴҲǻɽһͨӣֻΪɽɳ
ɵλǵȻûеġ
ճЩʧ䣬ܿЦˣοСʦõͷ˵Щ½ӣʦԸ˭̾˭̰ɣҲָʦ֧֡ʵǿǸЩʵûôҪ
Ǽ˾Ҳˡ
ǵģǾ͹ˡɺÿ죬ճ⣬±ø
øЩʦţȥԭͬǣڵɽɶҲˡ
Ҳûڽ
ճȺ⣬ܷ;ϼѧ֣ʱȴŪɳ׾ˡ
̫ɫĵӣʱõϲ
һ룬λߣ³˲ţ϶Ǹ˵ģʱͻ֡
µ˲ŵԼ˶˵Լ
λȥȫ֧֣Ǿӽˮˡ
ȺҲ޿ɺǡ
ôԲܰѴ´Ȩϼ񹦴ҵϡ
취
ճЦţȴֹˡ
תͷ򣬼ѾźȲ裬ճɺһЩûȤʵʦԪܴܲͨڰﵽһ־硣
ҪϵճԺ·ʽ


594 δѣ£
²豭ĬһµĽٶϰԪȷϧˣŹȷǴԪ̱ļùվǳķҪԪһ磬ڻɽûһǵʮ֮ġ
ˣʮͻһȻҲǺ˲£㡭
ķڰʱ򣬴ͨѨЩ
ճɫʮʧ̾ϢһֵŮķǸ߼ķϧŮĹҲˡԺȰȰʦܲܰѡϼ񹦡㡣
ѹֵȫȫӵȫһˣΪôʮִºǰǺ̫ܲȴǸӲˡճﰵ
˵ȰȺȻȺ˼ǲָ
ΪʲôķͨڰʱͻأƷʲ𣿡
ճй½ؽֵľ飬ʣʱһͬ˳
ͷԼ½صˮˮһΡ
ĵͷԻɽ˲ġϼ񹦡˵ɣŹԭǶ񹦡칦ľֱһ죬ⱾؾΪ̫ߣû츳ѧᣬ̸ˡ
ǰʦиڴˣǣͰš칦һ£ֱȡ壬ȡϼӺ֣֮һͨȵͨζϼת죬ܳɾ칦ȱڸҪǿࡣ
˵ʮĽֵϼ񹦡Ϊص㣬ÿͨһƷʾͻһЩֱʮͨѾӽ֮Ʒˡԣ񹦲ã˹֮ʱ飬޾ȴԽԽǿУⶼ֮һЩ
ŸɵĶ͸߼ҲǸиһҪԽȥƷԽߡ
˵Щϧƺ̾ϢŻɽɹɢҳһʺϵĸ߼ûа취
ճˣԪԪһÿͨһ֮Ʒʲû̫㹻嵽ڰʱҲʱͱ뻨Ѵʱ䣬ȥĥƷʼߡ
ѹŹģͨɾһ֮ʱʮ󣬴ʵ̫ʱˡ
ܲȰڹķ£㾭ߵֱӿһżأ
ճ룬ǲɡ
ñһ棬ͬҪˮĥ
ҪȫѪĥԲûһ˿̻
һأѾ;飬ǵСƿѪ
Ҫô͸̹֮һ㣬ֱӿַѡ㾭ԽԽǿڣʱãҲܸһ档
ôˣһֲΣͻǰ·֪ôȥˡ
ڵĹһͬص㣬׺ѡ
ǡǡ㾭ȫ
ҲзķĹͬ㣬һزһ
ùȥ̹;粻ȥһ
Իۣ򡣡ӷѰҷʵûзȫײˡ
˾ǶˣôҲûӡ
ľʱ䣬һʱĻȻʡ
ճʵûĳеĸɮ£ΪԼܶⶼһ˶
ԣѡ㾭Ϊ޹ֻΪ޹
ΪŹǰôҲȲϹתΪһͨ
οܾù󱧵ĳϵ
һǻΪһ
ƺͬ;ͬ飬Լܻܿ벻á

ճػɽԾһգڶ͸ϻɽϡ
ĻɽɲͬӶˣҲͶˡ
ŷˣȴû̫ʱУҪٳһС
ɺɽˣ
ճӦģҪСʦúúùɽ³ǳأʲôóԵģúȵģģþ֮ˣȫͬ
СʦҲճʮһ顣
˵ɺҲǿȻɽϸСƵģʦʦǶܺá
ɶȴûʲôӴµɽʲôʵġ
ǶһЩִ̣˲ƣֻҪˣͷǵýȥƲɡ
ûöãճϾ͹˸⣬ò˸˰һš


595 Ұϣ
ճЩֵǣҲûйƵģɺִ˲ƣ
һͨͨε꣬Ҳϰʱճֻ˵һ
ʱе㻳СˣöηεʲôĵǲôȤͶԳԵĺȤ
Ҳɽ϶þˣۼʲôóԵģԸƤԲؼҡ
ΪԵ̫࣬ÿһճ׿õʳҩ
ճЦá

صڣ˸֪˵ãгڼļҲͬһ
Ҳ
֮عŰݷãҪǰ֪̫Ρ
˵ǳ֪ͻȻȴ˵ʲôĶС
ϢͨһЩģȫ֪֪ҽŹڣΪһЩС
󣬳֪׼ֶԸռңȴûϵֵ嶾̸ֻˮɱԼĶҡ
˷룬ϸڣЩǲģȴǲ롣
ֻ֪һ㹻ˣǾҽʤˡ
֪ˣһܾٲ
ûв͸ǽճҲûʲô
ԼԳ֪ĲҲ˵ʲôЩ龹Ĭ
ص֮ճ֪˳֪飬֪ԼʧһѾ
һҹϸϸãܿ죬Ūȥ֪嶾̵һʾãҸ£ٶ롣
ʲôֵùģ֪ȴô롣
֪άԪ٣ͬʿºҲΪ١
Ǵӵײһ٣ԽһһȻʮνĿԼͱˡ
ԽĴӡ
ѵõʶʱ
֪ճڻԺִÿɽɿҽɫ밲ʺãȫûһĸļܡ
ʱռһʹ裬ճţЦ˵ҽΪӢȴû뵽⻹ֵĽĵطԵλŮֻʮš
ճһЦˣ֪ǸȤˡ
֮ʱѾĻ㱨ˣ֪ͳҴŻ
ʱְڵôͣһŵճ֪ˣȻҲ磬ύġ
֪ڣ̷ңżҡ֯޼ҼλҲǰ
ܲͷһԽܣա
ɺӴʱȫȻûг֮ʱķ
֪ǻò٣ճΪλƵСˡ
ճȻҲЦӦꡣ
Щ˴ľǻ˵Ȩǵ̬Ǳǰ֪ˡ
ȻճΪ¸Լ޹أЩȴȻΪ
ô룬ճҲôϣܶύһЩǺõġ
ռڻЩ˽飬ƽҲ᷽ࡣ
ÿһ˼Ҷ߹·
ΪԼҲΪ˰ɡ
մġ
ռ壬ȻȻͳеҲȻ
ΪɽӣȻһֱɽ¡
ô˵ҲɽϽ졣
ɽϿʣ㡣
׻˵
ⲻûеġ
ճصɽ죬͸оԼɽҪϲ١
ֵϵĳһ壬βϸһע룬ˮ³һۺͳսȴѾĵ
ĴУ֪Ѿ֪𾪵ҲѾ𾪹ˡ
һȶǲһֱ
һ㣬ճҲ׼ġ
֪˲ûʲôԼ
ֻһʽֵȴʮּѡ
һʱ֮Ҳ벻ʲôõķӡ
ν޴¡ֻܾĵطȴʱ١
ÿһ죬һһεԪ
ʦ˵ǵڰ˵֮ʱ仺ڰԶճʱ̫żһ˵
һ˺ܾãţǾת
ɽʱճͷԸӸռݵϢ˳Ǳּھֵÿ¶µ鱨̶ӣռҡ
֪Լɽ֡ǣɽɣһЩΪ֪Ĺעط
ʱƽ˾ʵȴǰӿֻ˭һ̲ס
˭ճӡ֮УʦȺŹûᡣ
֪ǣλӽʱ޿̲Լøǿ
Ļɽڶ࣬ǸҰ


596 ҰУ
ЩӽİɲΪһɣٿ䡣
ϢһŸɰжҲչˡ
ʵɵʦвΪɵˡ
ʵǿȴҰģǲһ²֮ĵһˣԽ䵱֣ħ̡
ȻĪҲӡ
ͳôȱҰļңȱֻһ
ճ˵ջɽ֮ʱȺ龰
λӽʱȴһЩ仯Ǿĸǿˡ
ճ֮ʱʮ˵ɽΪɽɴȷʵѵãԺúΪʦʦ±ʡ
ճЦӦҲΪɾľ뻪ɽһ
صһʲôʦʦã
Ǽλʦææµµϴ̸죬ɽʱûа仯
ʾǡúܵ棬ȫԷͿˡ
úճͳġ
ÿϰܵˮ̶Ҫ㾭ڳֹŹֵĶ
ճרŵص㣬һɽ赲һ£Ϊľ
С·Աˮ̶ȴҲܲˣһȥͿԿɽˣʵʮΡ
ʲôıȥ
ڶߣ㾭͹ܱ˼š
Ǳ˭Ƽ˳ȥ˵Լ͵ȺⲻóԸ䡣
Ŷ㾭ϤճԽԽоȲˣǿҲһӡ
ĵͻ˻֮ѪΪһ壬һ㣬Բ֮˸ͿӰӡ
㾭֮ʱβͻ˼ͬʱ̤ʮ߸λ
ŶŹϰճһܣǾ㾭͵Ͻʹ̤ŸΪı仯
ԭһͣһһɲֻôߡ
仯֮
ˣǣ񡣡
Ū˺ǵʲôأԾȴһĵá
ʹ֮ʱֻҪȫעϢѪͬһƵʲ룬Ϳ
Ī⣬ͬ˲һ㣬Կ壬ԼΣ񾭷ӦҲ̤˳ȥҲ仯̸ϳֹ
źǣȵһ꣬ľ̾ͻ롣
ͷ΢΢ѣɢ龭ѪȻ롣
ûǰѪһ壬ȫĸо
ճһЭĵطߵ̫죬ĽȴЩˣǻɽ⾳ŮʮŽı㽣ȫʧȥá
һ̤磬ʱڽƣδԵöࡣ
ƺ˵
ճϸϸ룬ͻȻԴֱԼӦٶۡ
ԼеĳĲǡ䡷һ
Ϊͱ䣬ʽãֻһ̡
һ廨籼磬˿컹ǿ죬Ӹ˼ĽǶˣܵ
аҲͬˣ߱ΪͬԴȻ
ּҸӶıа֮ûʲôΪһ㣬֮һ֡
ֻ˻ʽȴʲôöûУֻ㽭Ľ
ͦһ̵̣ÿ˿ǰɵ񽣣Ǿֽ
̵ˣǲѧè
ͬһ̣ø໯Ϊģʵһ족֡
һѧ˼·֮Ϊ书޼᲻ݣΨ첻ƣ
ض£ֻҪԶ㼶Ǽеġ
˿һܴռȣֻҴˣҡ
ңΪԭ򣬳ٶȱͺܿ죬ټҲü죬ϰаã
ԶͼһƽϣȻǴ·ɫҪȻҲ䲻Ǳа콣ףֻ˶ѡ
뵽ճſһȥˣһԼı
ǺҪվֻɱбĻ졣
Ҫʵֱָǿ׳ԴĽڹķ
ճȻĿ꣬ȻԼ֪Ѷˡ
֮֮
ʦȺзץסúƣȻĻϼ񹦡ⱾطôҲܴԼС
ΪʲôҪ˴ۣʵ漰ճΪ˵⡣
ΪɽӣʦҲûжԲԴɽɣֶȴǲó
ǵµµˣʱӦ͵ϮɱΪؼͼıʲô
£ճȴôҲġ
С£Ҫ˸ĸԸ޻˵ŶԵʦԵСʦãԼɽϵһһľ
ڻɽסþˣ˵ҵڶңܵάһ
ճš


597 Ұ£
ͨһѧ⣬ճʮ泩ŷ˳ɢɢġ
ʦܣԹûЩ½Ӱɣ˺öСмӶʮֳأҸСʦöǽ̹ġ
ɺһֻСƿ˳ճϲе
ճ֪ڲժ¶
ʦҩ൤Ҫõϡʲ˵ΪǿҩЧãŮȡ¶
ûãճ֪оȡ¶µȷʺϿٽŴ
һ˵Ů¶ȷе
ǽõһ½ǼϸԶˡ
ճû̫Ȥ˵
ȺȻԼ֣ðȻǰ
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һߺȣڵͷб̣߹ڳҫ֮ԡ
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ˣôûʦʲôأڽϽʲôš
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ճϵãǵʱ̽ŵӣ
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˱ֻŽίҲ
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ѧôõĻɽĻ֪еҪ̫Զˡ
½С˵־ֱָʦֵΪǲҲΪЩ½ӽ
˼ң½ŭǸѧһЩУΪƽǲʦôʦ̵ֽ½ӰɣǶԴʦֲ
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Ҳһ԰ǻ㲻Ǹʦѧʲôýѧ˰ɣвУһȲ֪ˣ˵úͨһ˲𡣡
ãһϰɣҵı¾½


598 аϣ
½иճĶԼˣ׽ϼʱûܵû״ԭԼӢޡվҡһ״ӣֱˡ
㻹ŵӣ½еԼЩŵǲһģȱȻҪöࡣ
ƽ˵Ǹ߸ϣۿˡ
ʱսﻹ͵ס
ȴҲգֻǱĵ˵Ը㣬õһϣһ͹ˡȻʦһһʹҲòʮ˽
ϡһ½гʣ侲
ãҾͿѧʲôôġ
Χ۵ĵӺһɢ˿ųУֳֳԡ
ҪҪֹǣɺɫ
ֹˡճЦ˵Ҳ֪ʦʲô뷨֮ͬ϶Ǻõġȡ̣õʵս飬һϵҲ޴롣
㿴ʦֺͽ״ȫ˹»кϷˡ
ѵΪ½д򲻹һʵ
ճЦֻ˵֪ˡ
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һǻɽɾӢӣһͨӣܹᲢۡ
ֳķӦԿ
ȻŵӶ½ʮֲΪٻΪʮᣬ书ȴûʲô
ʦֺ͹ʦһγͷ̫³ç½ȥŵнģһǵޱľ⾳϶ǸˡһЩǡ
Ҳô˵ȥ֮ҿۼ͹ʦָ㽣أ˵ʹ˽
ҲţָֻһζʱѣжôʦְֵĽ̵пܳ½УȻǣ½ȴŴʦѽһʱ䣬̫֮Զˡ
λʦ֣ʦֵָôʦ˵ʦǹʵǿ𣿡һ½̸Ĵǰʵ
ȻǴʦ࣬¡˭Ҳ˵㻹ϸŰɡλϵҲסڲԣΪһҲˡ
ͬŽϼ㵽Ϊֹмǲʦֵܺ
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Գм˱䲻̫ģֻǸ½е˵ͷʾ
վڲԶճɫʮƽȻѾȥս֮лָ˹ֶԼġ
ճһ˿⣬һ־յĸо
Ϊѧµĸ߼ͿԸ𣿿ϧǣҵĽǱ졣
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Ҳȥע壬ֻǿųнҪʼı䣬Ǻ½ôԸԼĽС
ǴαȽ֮½воԼĽξкϷˡ
ǿܵס½Уܲܵס߸ЦǺǵ˵
ʱü˫ĿȻ˻Ԫʵ˳Ҳ˼ߡ
̸֮䣬Գб̫ۡ
ӢʸһЩ΢΢ҡͷ˵ҾòֹʵȻֵһᣬѧʦֽܵͲ˵ˣܵ½ʮС
۷׷ףѾʼ̽ˡ
׼ȷ˵̽
½УǴųЦôѶַϡ
һвӭ֦ͣӰбд½ȥ˵½ʦָ̣
½бϲ̫⣬ȴǼ죬гݡһţ󷢶ֱ
Ѹȶָ֣ȴһʽ׺ա
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͹λֻӪͨӣǰ˼Ҫ
һʹг˭ҿԼ
мһ֣֪ûС
ڳ˶ѻɽ飬½ֻһ֣ȵ˵ͷҲ̾
Ĳ²½Ľûɽ桱ա⡣
֮ʱƿէйƾˣȴݾ׼ʮֲ򵥡
½һ׺աƣҲ⡣
֪ԷٶȶԼ֮ϣʵҲ
½ǺųŽһľӢӣ˭֪
ԹԵĳУӭС׺աӶ
ʦֵֻβʱЦ˵֮ٶȣǿ󲻵ãνнƣԽ࣬þԽֻ࣬ҪǳˣȻ㡣ԣҽľμ㣬ĽöԷӦ
ֻҪĽʱڱ䣬ʱڱ䣬ǰһ̻Ǵ绯꣬һ̾ôǰһУǽ塣


599 а£
ĻǻɽúңʦҪÿһÿһʽ㣬ʹ꽣ҲУЩɻ
ճҡͷЦͿԼѡˣúÿأãѡߣҾͰָ㽣ȱ㣬ȻͰЩȱ㣬ȫûˣ˵
ˣֻˣٵֻֻȻҿˡ
ճ˵һὣ룬ָ㽣Ҳܰ׸ɻѧѡ
õģʦ֣Ҿȥץʱص
ʱôѧģʱôӦԡ
ǹǽ棬½жһ࣬ܿ˵ʤҲΨн˼·Լ©ȱĻɽͨС
½һ̵ǰԷûӦ䣬һ˿м
ĵЩͨŵˣΪյģԭ˲һ
Էһвӭͣƽһ㣬ȻҲƵϲԼǧĽȣͲ˲ֹһΡ
֪½е¶Цݡ
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Ľǲô죬ȴ죬½зԼĽûжֵ󣬶ʹһĲӭͽһᣬƮľ
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ƳᶡܽǿնƱػᱻԷɨ䣬ԽӲأԼ
Ȼ⽣նȥ͸նΪ̣նһ룬Ϳǰ벽
ƳᶡǶƻû¶ͱһգֱָ½еš
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½бޱȵİѻӵһġաֻûһСӭ͡ɹתҲǲò
Ѿý벻ߣѡ
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һʮɫŵӿ㵸ʱŲʣȫԼſڹ㳡ϣҲΧڵȫŹֵԼ
ֱӰһһʽ̳ĽָΪࡱӴòС
˶ϵ˽й䣬ǽ뻪ɽһϵˣһһۣ˭̿࣬ȴԽԽҲҲԭ
ϴ͹ȥѰճ̵ʱ֮Աǣ˵ʦĽѵȲһλӵָ㣬Եľ㣬ûʲôô
ʱ򣬹˹㵸ԹԵ˵ںÿǷʵãʦ̵ֽĲǿ˵ʤý
ڵ͵һۺ壬ĵλʦԶһЩ
ԶɫҪ꣬üëȻ̫á
½к˵ıȽ˼
ĹҪö࣬ȻҲ½ܱ⣬ֻ֪Ҫ½вԷ糱׼Ӳƴһܴ϶ԷС
Ϊ֮ʱЩ裬Խƿزʮ
ֻҪǣűߣƾŸһͷĽٺ͹½֮ͿԴҲű
ɽ֮бƵӲƴʽڶУָֻ֮䡣
ǣܿóȴǿġ
Ϊʦ֣ƱҲʱѣ½ӮˣҲᶪ
½ʵʵڵĻȡٻñӣԼҲܻ
ᱻָ˲̫²ֶΡ
˿ȽôĿģͣȴû˷ֻɽȺվſڣҲڿⳡŵ֮ıȽ
ųϵƣλȻšΪ桱ĵ˵ĻȺɫòȥ
ĺ붯˶סûֻеĲ⣬ȴ򶼸ܵˡ
ǲǺܣʦ֣׸ıལжðɡЦ˵
ϾʣĽˣĵͽܣ˵ͽ̵ܽúãȺͽܱȥˡ
ߣСУ˸磬𲻵ʲôõģֻҪ㹻һͿƳҲòżС
ʦðǻɽΪȣ㿴ôŪ᲻ڵӰѽ̫أؽЩаһ·õ˼֮ϰɣ껪ɽ֮Ѫ̫ˡ


600 һȭգϣ
ͽܣȺҲö˵ֻòָţ˵̫أԼ˲ϲ
Ļ˼ȴóǶʮֲˡ
Ͳûָı˵⽣аҪѻɽӶˡ
ǰһʱ䣬ǻͦ͵˵뷨һôͻȻˡ
Щ⣬Ҳ벻ףֻǲ˵ôĽҲͬʮһʽУûа²Уɱһǧ˰١ҿ׽˶һ仯˳Ľ࣬Ҳûʲô̫಻ס
ǧ̣֮ѨȺһı˵ʦðȻıĽûǸزЩȴδȻ㿴ЩŵӣЩ״ӣѾʼ̵ĻˣǴӸڻɽˡ
ˣʦ֣ϷɣС֮ıȽЩеûġ˵һ䣬۹ٿС
ҲٸȺ˵Ȼˡ
Ⱥ˸ûȤ˵һͨʦһ˻ޱȵĿȽˡ
ȴʱ½಻ĽƱǣһںϣһʱڵ
ȫһȻ
Ⱥʵ̲סصһ㿪
¶һƲЦ⣬оЩЦȴɫճķ򣬲֪Щʲô
ԭ½ʦǹͷֻӻÿͲˡ
һһݣǸ˴ʦˮƽǸʦ᲻ŧ
Ҿ˵ɽҪ˫ҽģҾô죿
λʦ˵òҲǣŵ뻪ɽǳš˫һɨȺа˫ģڿʦֹȻǳܼܸѧ
ʦͨӣʦѧ˼УҲԴܺųŵһľӢӣΪʲôʦֱӽ̵ָ㣿
㳡һƬ߷߲ƽ
˵ٺʵʵڴһ
˵ʵû
һȽ̳ͬʱеǶʼʦ֣Ҳ˵ľ
ֵôˡ
һݣҲ̲סҲܲӦ䡣
˷չȥλɽʦֵȫûˣȺľҲ⵽ڵӵĵƷС
Ȼϲ˶˵ʲôʵ϶ɵ˺
ɢˣͲôˡ
Ȼ֪仰
ԶԶľܸоȺͬһ㣬һ֪ȥЩʲô½սһʧľ޴
ųͻȻվ˳ȵʦܣɸҸٴһ
һվжεΪȫչʾ˳
ڳ֮Уɫ죬ⲻǱɽ紵𣬶ǱǿĶ
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һ֪ԷǴ֡
»ҳһĶʱһȦУ˶
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˵ʦֵѾͨҲѴͨ룬ǻɽ֮еһˣɺ󱲵֮Ҳһġ
Լڽ򲻹ʦָĽҪ³һǽ죬۸ʦаɣȻôġ
ȻʦһżĽСϣĽϣΣѶԸģҿʦֺĶ֡
Щ۷׷ףȫ׽ϼ֮ʱ˱ϵӡ
Խ֪ö࣬Խճá
Ҳף׽ϼ֮ʱ˻ƴܾãƾŮʮŽÿһĽٰѹյʤ
ڳϿҲ̫ԶʤҲʤĲࡣ
ǽѾ󳤽ӮĻ
ڵô룬Ҳôġ
ǰλͶĽĿ⣬ѾȲҪһѩǰˡ
Ҫǣ˲ԶȺǼĿ⡣
ʱսʱ򣡡
½˲ҪֻҪִܹӮ㣬ǰвķȫתǿʵҲȲǿʵҾҪĿ֮°㡮˫㻹ʲô˵
ʵ̫ˮˣ˵Ǳ˹Ĵġ
ֻɽʱ䣬ʹӮа֮ʿѹʦ岮
Ǵİɣ
ȻЩ˶ճĵġ
СһԲʵ˵˫ʦֺ𣿴ýŷɥʦôҸԼս
һԵϵӽ͵Ǿ֪ˣϵЩɢôܸȴȣǵĶ֣ҿ»һùɽɸʦ֡ʦֵ֡ЩԽе죬֤ʵж
Щ½ף˽͵ɢûкõĹҲûкõ似ȻȲŴɵĸָС
ԭˡ
СӻȻ


601 һȭգУ
ò˵һк塣
ճȻû׼ȥϡ
ҲںôֻЦ˵ʦֹǿϲɺأȥ֪֮ܶ£ڼҪӮһΰɣΪʲôҪ򣿡
ꡱһСʦһʱ̿ûעЦ
ڵӲ۹ɫͨ죬֪ʱЦʵǲãԼ棬С춼
ʦܣҳ󡣡ҵǨŭ͵͵ճŤһ¡
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˵㰡Ǵ֮ͥ£ͱˣûжˣȺˡ
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ָ㼸ͨӣƫƫܴӮԼÿ̵ָľӢʦܡ
۴Ӹ˵ԷӮңʵûбҪԼһ
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Ⱥֻ뵽ճļ򣬰ȥ
ȻѻɽŤתʦҲڵӿǵľûд
ǲǸѧϰʦָǿǲиõǰ;
籾չȥõġ
ϧǣʲôˣȴûϵճͲӡ
λŶûУ
򣬲򡣡
дӯӯЦ⣬Լͽܵþٶ⼫ˡ
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ŭһ壬˵ʦܣȻ࣬ʦֵ֮以дʵսȴǺ¡˵㲻治ÿ
½ҲһԲ޵˵䲻Ҵų֮١
Цһ㵹ǸҴˣȴÿα˴һ㣬ڽе죬°ܽ
˵ʦǲųɲ½˵ģǰһоͰˣսʤʦ֣ʱҶأ˵ųƾҲ䣿
⻰ȴǰ֧ճˣӮ½˷ֱܼ޷ԱոճսҲֻǳߣȴû뵽Ӯ˸ɴ䡣
ʦֹȻ˵ûֻҪƿ˽͸Լ㣬ñ˲Ҳʤ
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Լ㡢ȱûˣֻҪŲܣʤеʱͿ԰ָͷˡ
ʤһ͹˾ȫ浹ճʱಲ˵ȴλʦֵӶû
˵½Ϊ°ܽγ˵λͬʦֵ°ܽ
ʱţƺָʦ֣ʵǲ֪ν
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شϢλʦֺʦȫǣֻ˵ʦǻɽĵӣȸߣֺá
ǿգ
ɽɣǿʦ֡˫ĺպȻҽ͸ȥɽˣ˵ʮ̫ǿŽͽҲһ֡
Ǳƭˡ
ĻһڣϡϡλϵСͣЩ½ӾѹˣǸоһɱƭƸС
Դϵɽ޲ĴȺҲӲ˫ֻǰúܸߡ
ǵĹҲȫλʦ̵ָ
ˣܣ
ѧѧǰɣȻǹŽһ
˭һУѧϰ˭һб£ѧĺʦ
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ѹֵˣɵˡ
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ճܵü̲סӦսǻ˵ɵȥȴԷֻССʦ˵ŻǰĻûȥ
ںǿˣҲҪһҲǰ첻˵ƴȥûӮ֮ǰȻ°ܽ
ճ뷨ǲС
ܲὣȥɣ˼Ҷ֣ôʦֵҪҪˡˡ
ȺһҲǿΣһС˵ʦã㿴ȫҪ췴ˣǲһȻβճ
ЩŵȫˣͶɣۻɽҲ˲ǡ


602 һȭգ£
ʦ֣ˣȴ˼ңʱѵȫӸ̵ûй˼ҵȰ˵ظ֤ģ˵һоƿ֮Уֻã
һȺûļ˵ɽˣ⵱ʦô˵ȥ䣬Ȼȫ˵ϣ
ųҪǿϺֻܶ࣬Ҫ˱ܣ³ӦսͺáûҪȺŵ˵Ŀɲһ㡣
Ϊר仯ġϣĽôܻ䣿
˵Цɡ
ƲƲ죬ĵɲãǲ֪ͽΪûȥͬ˵Ӯѵúء
Ⱥ伫Ĵѹ֪ʲôԭҲǿ⡣
һֻһδȻôҲ
ҲȥɷĺȣʵǾúЩԲͽܵġ
ҪȻҲռҵʱ˵ҪȰ˴ϼ񹦡ճ
һصɽϾ磬û˵ճʵʵΪͱȺʦɷ岵˻ȥֵضûС
Ϊ£ûԷһ
ϾǸͻݵŮˣҲΪ¸ɷֻﲻ̫
ȺҪȥȰ˵ճ³䣬Ȼϣֻ˵ֱ䣬˭ܲӣʦȥίͽܰɣԼȥ˵ɡ
ȺһȰҲ޷ǰߵӸǰ˵ͬдҲһ£ɽ¸˽࣬ȱȽҲλʦ˽һ浶ʵĶƴô
ʦ޶ۣʵôʸʦֱȽ϶Ǵ򲻹ģһ£ܶ飬ʦ̵ĽûѧأøϽȥϰˡ

Ⱥһʱ֪ôҪˡ
Գв壬˵ԼʵûʸӦս⻹ô˵
˶ˣճ˵Լʵʱȴһƽûа
Խ˵ǫ飬˾ԽΪز¶Աʦֵͱˣ˵书ʵһĿȻ
Ǹȣһʱ浽Եˣ֪˭ǿ˭
׺Ӣ۱ɫ
ʦֹȻȲ黳Ȱ
ЩСӿճĿⶼʼˣеĳĽֻҪ۾ܿó
ҪôſϱԣȺ޷ֻ˵
ʦʵúãϴڴȻ״нڹڣȻǲòҾǴӮˣҲֺ洦ˣΪҪ򣿡
ճ٩٩̸Ⱥɫڣ֪ˣ͵
ʲôɫһϲֻҪ³ͺá
ʲô뷨˵ֻҪǻɽеģѵ˭ܿλôӲɣ
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604 һţУ
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605 һţ£
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ۼĵһ۾ͿԿʦֱֵۿɼٶȺ


606 ƶ䣨ϣ
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ֻһָ˼룬ûϵȴ屦ȴŵױ
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607 ƶ䣨£
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608 ͬϣ
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ʱڵǰȺӣִƱػŪòճ뱻ɱӺܾܿҪȽһ۵
ǰ֣˭˭ӮֻҪȥȫЦ
ʦСʦÿʮˡ
뵽ճ³һʦȻ˵ҵĽаǾаȻãһزȷһʮᣬ⽣ʵҲûôǿֻ֣ǲһ
ճһ˵һ߰ҧȴǵţƨɴ˵ɶǶԵġ
Ⱥ΢Цʮֻ˵֪ܸģĪɣӽϰɽԪԳΪĵһЩƫаӲƴȴȳ̫ԶǿҪͨˡ
ǣסճͷȺ
ɺƺܵճıߣĵסճ֡
ܵеճͷŭƽͷЦЦҲȥȺġϼ񹦡ˡ
ǰ;ȺӦǿ׵õؼЩš
ֻ뵽Ⱥܻܿˣȴûϵλ˸ҪֱӵһңѺñԼͷϴ
а˴ˣĻܵô˲ʸѧϰġϼ񹦡书Ƿ⿪ˡ
ⲻŵ
һзΪֻҪųеӱȺһС̫塱໽еı飬ճ֪Щӵ˼±˹ȥ
йȼӣѾûʲô˼ǵճո˾޵Ľ
û˸ȥѧϰճаѧ˶ԺչûôǵǰҲҪӲˣʵǵòʧ
ȺȻѵû꣬ת䣬ǵˣֱɨһճ˵
ܺãȻѾʶԼĴڣǾͷ˼ڰ롭
£ͻȻ
ˮŭ⣬ͬһȺ
ͬô꣬ĻԼٲ˵λҪ³ڰꡱˣʱճ
浱ʦĲڲɣ
˼Ѿòˣ˵ӣ㻹ôߣȴ̫ˡܲġ
ߵճǰº˵߰ɣʦͽˣʦͽ뿪һڰºܹܿȥһɺÿͺóԵġ
˵ʲôУǵ⣬Ҳԡ
ҲҪԡ
ɺЦ˵
ãеóԣ߰ɡ
ճЦЦӦֻǻͷһۣλʦ˿˿͵͵Ŀ˹
ȻһЦͷҲص뿪
ȺţճȴûۿһۣȴţǱߵϢôˣͷ˻ûʲôʱܿʼأ
ѾžڵȺ֡
ϼ񹦡ȻѾӦңԸҲøԸҲø

ʦԲ㣡
͸˿˿ھΣ˵ίˣȻûϼ񹦡ȴҲ뵽һ÷ЩҾͽɽҩֻҪҵһЩ㹻ݵĺҩģҲǲı
ϴθ˵ϰԪʮ֮ǰͻһǰʵҲһġǾǰʮǰһλǰڻɽѰһζҩģʮͻһ֡вӷ壬Ҳǵʱ
ճͷ֪ġ
Ͳӷλɽ֣ڸ͵ˡ䡷͵͵ܻػɽ
Ȼ»ܣй©֮󲻵ҶʦӶԪҲǺԶͼǧ׷֣ڻɽ±ħ̳Χ
ڷʲôôҲûš
ճ֪Ϊʲô˸ؼҶʦλʿȥϢôй¶֮죬ЩϾǺܾõˡ
ֻλӷʳҩͻƣҲһ·Ӱɡ


609 ͬУ
ʦ˼Ҳףȴûб̫ϣ
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ҪӷƾһҩͻͽֻҪõǧݵҩķɣǿġ
ܵȭȭ֮ģճжȴҲ÷һǻ⣬͵ͽȫʦѰҩˣ˵ڶʮһʱʦ֡
ɺһȴЩĬͻȻʵ˵Ĳԣʦܸı׽ǹ֮ͿƳģϰо˽ԶԽߣԽǺɵһֽ
һʮȻƺܲ챦ŮҲܿĺûˣܺķԼӡͬ
ɺСͻúöŹ֣Ӳ飬Ҳȥ˼
ͨǵ˵ʲôʲôⷽ˵ԸЩ
ʱʱ˼;еĲ֤֮Ѿͻͽǰ
ֻɺ˼˵Ȼʦܲҽһ֮Ҿףƺͻؿ֮󣬽ʵķԾʱɽɵ۽һǴʦҲһҵĶء
Ŷ
¾ЩˣҪ֪ɺСʮֳݴʦĽΪţʱȻ˵ԼпԲݵġ
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ҲԸº͵ɺôġ
ȺͿʼѵŮˡ
Ϊɺ˵ձ鴫ȫͬɽɵ֪Ҳͬ
ҹϵǸ߼ȳǿȸ߼ǿһһμ
ʱ俴ճĽҲɻӣ仰Ҳʳ
ҲΪϻԼĽۡ
ʵС
ճĽۣʵģߵǾ񸨵ĵ·
ʲôСʦ˵ʲô۶ÿƵ˼ľԲΪһѽŽƽ
ʲô˽һңҼľʯԿΪٵ޽нЩճװһܿ
˵иţƵġΨ飬ܼڽġΨΨϡ֮
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Сʦò֪벻ңͳеĵһӣȻɽɵķСҲǡ
һס򻨽꣬ʲôᣬҲ˼άľޡ
ճֱĽһƣֻžʹýоĸľֱͻơ˽һǱСʦûһ
СʦֻǸоԼĽԽԽǿȴҲ˵ףֻԼĸܣȵһ̣ͿԽԽǲ⡣
ճúЦʦҲˣΪСʦֻ۵ģʦ˵⽣аȴǿۣҪȫ֣⽣Σǲа
ððʦϰ߲ҴŵģֺݺݽѵҲ뿴õʲô
ʦȫ֣ʮҡͷ˵ȫ֮ͲܿƵúܾɱ㣬ǾͲˡ
ʦİɣ˵𣿻ƺĮ˫۶ƶ۷ʵǿɲ٣⼸˶沫ɱġ
ճѾȫʦĽĵ̸񣬲֪㣬һǱ᲻ϲľϲ
ʦά֮ģǸжΪһЩǺԸġ
ǿɱ͵Ϯ㣬䲻ʮ⡣
žżһ棬˫Žеü죬ɽ֮ǰճͷۣɰˣһǼٵģȺʵҲûճıµһ¡
ǶΪճ־֮£ɱ
Ϊʱڳ
˺֮£ɱЩаɸҲ¡
ճڳ£ħ÷ֶ£ȴҲʲô˲õ顣
Ԫط˵ʵΣȺû˵ˣϡ
ؼϾһ֣ʵսҲò֡
սʱ˭ֱ֪׷һĴ֣
ճЦŵͷ۾͸ǿţҲĶˣܺճʵʵ
ҪʲôĽԽնɱЩаɸ֣˵ҲˣƺȺڼǰǼġ
֮ʱ໹ƴС
ȺȻռϷ磬ǧͷȴҲû̫ᣬ߰УƲֱˡ


610 ͬ£
˵ʵ˵ʵڵҪһЩʮав¶ȴûһ⣬Ҹжű£ṦҲãѶԸǿɱˡ
ʦСˣĳȫ˰Цӯӯ˵
ճɽôã̰ԵСëȴû˵󻰵ëˣӦġ
뵽ĺıɺأ޲УɱͷӵĽʲôɽôһЩѵ
̵ֽŵӲȱ©ĽҲֻǡѣֻڵͲ㼶ȽмռһЩˡ
ճȽ֮ʱı䣬ȻһЩҲǲ⡣
ֻҪѧù죬Ҳǲ
ôʲôԼ֪أ
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˵ɾ͸ɣҲû̫ӡ
˵ȺԸҪɴ䣬ǰһ̻ڲȫ֣ȫȴǰҲ
һǻ꣬һĹճϮ
ո֮ʱ̽ճһΣǽٻҪǿ࣬Ʒ缱ХȺǰǡ̫塱Ҳûȥ
Ľ鶯ݣ಻ܲӦԡ
˵ȫ֣ʵȻ
Ի֮ʱΪϧɣȴǶʮϲ̵廹Ҫ׽
оԴճ˻ɽɣɽϵնٲǰĳء
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ճҲ⣬ֻǽһǰӰɭɭȻ
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Ľ鶯Ծÿһ⣬紺˿಻
˿ɻʼɣ
ճ͸оһŴԼǵصֹƺһ̾ͻУѳ
ԾĽһ˿ߣԽԽԽԽ
Цһ˵ʦҪˣ⽣סҵġ
ﻰ䣬Ľͱˡ
Ʈ鶯ñ׾׾һֱһᣬһһ
ճͻȻ仯ɺôΪ档
վһԿУʵճĽ˿û䣬ԾŮʮŽ
֪ôģ˵ĸоȴˡ
ĽһĪϢ
ֲô죬ҲûдŶǿ׵Ľ֮ȴϬޱȣѴ˿Ľѣٲ
ԣٲƵ֮ɾԼ
ɺŴͣճӲµĽӲ֯һϸܽ
˿㽣ȴǱƵԽԽֻܻΧһ룬ٹǰ֮أǱסˡ
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û֮ʱһֵˮƽ
ǿƺû̫ô˵Ľû潻һΣӲƴҲճÿһԼе֮
ǵһθоԼĽʹʮţƺ
ԼͽһжоΣòӦ䡣
ֻǽбƵˣҲסˡ
ճϴһּΪŹֵ޿ײ룬޼᲻ݡ
ĽֻҪ赲ǰͲһвֱҪʮֵԾɼޱȡ
һ仰ݣǾǡ޺м䣬ֺֻбӣ
ճĽҶеĽţĽͷţ
Ȼ˿ԻϸܵĽ·иɻճĽ⹥ȴǴ©
ģԽǳ־Խѹ֣ȶһ˿
ҪܱĽסҲ̫ˡ
ģҲģ֮ɫǵͨ죬֮ΪֲȱݣҪѰһ˿·
ԾţΣŮʮŽҲ״ڻճޱȵĽһ϶˴Ϣ֮
ᣬʮŽһԲܹ˳ȥ
ʮŽһֻоһ˵泩ӿͷһҪХ
һֻȻʵϲãһֵüص


611 ľʯϣ
򾲾վԭأ˼һᣬЦԽԽŨ
ͨһЩ顣
ã˵ҵóǰĿˣֽһ㶼ȶҪǱԿǰĸɽһһ
ҲоǲǾʦܵĽܰԼأ
ɺ˹ȥϣͷƤʵ۾һһģ滹˿˿
ɫһ죬ɺıϹһ˵ôѾͷˣϣʦܿʲôӡ
˵һתճɫʦȷڸȽʱõ˺ܴôоԽˣʵֻܶ࣬ҪȼΣŮʮŽͻϼ̨ס
ǰһΪҵĽʮ鶯ǲտȴǴϸ塣˽óȴ̫֣ڱ˵а
̾Ϣ
ʧ䣬ּ˿˿ʹڣƺһЩս¡
ʱʶԼĽǲЩ²ᷢ
ճҲ̾Ϣ
ﵽһ־磬ͨŵʵѾòĽ˵ڻɽɳƵǿʵҲֻƾһЩ
ǽýķ˽ķ֮УԽԦˣȻѽ
Խã©Խࡣ
Ϊߴ·ӣȴôҲ߲۷壬ҲѹоЩûʲôʵҲһֱͣٲǰ
ճֱָʽһƣԦ
ĵ̺㣬һ䣬֮䣬ת˲֮ʹﵽ˽һ֧ͱѪ⣬Լֱһˣܲ
ܵ˵ȺǵΪʵǴˡ
ֻ˵֮ȽҪá
ҲǷȷȴûޱȵʱ򣬽Ҳͬǲǻأ
ʮּ򵥣ɽôལڵӾ벻ףһֱΪһɱݡ
Ϊ֮İһǿɱĴèСèֻճ߽һЩţĻɽʵҲò˶١
Ҳ벻ףŶ䣬۾װס
յȺһǲ֪ճĸıལΪһĿģԼȨ䣬ҲǿӲİճĽָа
ﲢΪŴҵ棬ôһаֺ
ҲճĽ֮󣬸̵ʶˣճĽʲôаϴ
һֹĽ֮ԼԼܿǰ·̫ķ羰
Ц˵㲻ҪǺʦϾһϣҲİɣֻҪڻɽһ죬;ίȥŮڵ£ȥȥν
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һǷƱػ쳳ܣֺαء
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УҾһٶ⣬˵ôͳԲأɽҲ̰ˡ
ǰ˲˵𣿡ʳΪ죡Զ̫ҪˣһԻҲôԣǰӼ˼룬
ճЦ˵
Цҡҡͷͽܸ֣ȴǴȰ
ͽԽԽģһͽʵһ¡
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ٷ֮ǰǿԼĸŮϣǿȴѵˡ
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ֻҪܹһһֵһʵѾ㹻
ңոյԽȵķ֣ԼȻͽܵĶ֡
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ȻϷơ˫ųһ֮£ȺаףǾ;ԲԽ֮ʱˮУһּɱС
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Һûڹ㳡˭ʤ˭֪һ֪ġɽɿ϶ֱʦֻҲʹ˾ѣڵӸӴģɢȥ
һãһճٿɺЦú֣ܿ뵥˹ȻҸġ


612 ľʯУ
ɫȺæ˵ǵ飬صΪ黹ǺܺãŻǵðʵһЩǡ
λɽӸ˸ˣԼԳ˵յλĲճ
뵽ڵӶķڷһͣԺҲٲÿ춼˫ΣȺһ泩
һͼԼҷںԺ
ϸ֯Ů󣬿һ˿ɱԶԶȥͷ
ףʲô
ŮʮŽ׽ҿֹǧٱˣôЩͬƺЩʲôˣһɷ⾳
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ʦõĽ书ʱôˣ峿żҲԹ֣ȫûâ
ϡǵʦʱ龰һ죬һǺţһһ֧Сľ޼֦СľɺߣɽûʲôöֻȡģɺҲܿġ
ľ衣
ҵ֦Ҷľ֮ϢľڵϣģͱһĴչ衣
ʦδãǰ컹Ѫˣ䣬ȥʦ֪˿ɲˡ
ȺǿˣΪʦǶ˰ϸɡ
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ͷֻŽһַ˺һУȫ۸Ⱥ֪
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ϧϧ
һ紵ȺеҶƮȻ䣬ƺȻʦźпĽ⣬˿˿ƣꡣ
죡ǵʦӶСľĸоȻûôǿ󣬵һ޶Ⱥ༱ţһԡ
ʦãһ˶裬Ī˶ȡȺ齣ʣǰƬƬϹϼε
ƣִһ£һءХ
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Ȼ֮ΪҲգֱ޺֮䡣
һ֡ὣʦֽºܸ߰ʲô̼
Цһ֪ȺѾͽȫó汾£ƽһȴˡ
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гߣ˿˿ƲƶȥǰԼͽʱĸһһӿͷ˽ʵĺˮ
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ĽȴԽԽʢһɭȺòȫֵ
ûá
ƽһն˿ʱð
ǰնǡ鵶ˮˮ
ȺоԼնһӡ
һȴӦ䲻ʲݵĽһзϹĳԽԽأҲղο
ѹصȺгˡһֶɣԺϣֱû
һ֣أԲţһ˵Ⱥæսˡ
ȺĬĬվԭأͣԼŵ֣һ˿ۣ΢΢ˡ
Сʵʦ֣û°ɣ
û£Ⱥһȿ޻ѿЦݡ
ǿΣȽ֮ʱȻˣҲ̫Խˡ
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ٶôӴ˲ˡ
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ԼÿÿҹҪѻɽɷҪó֣Լ˴ˣԽܰ
ͽ˵ֹ˵а磬ϣǲ޿ɵֵҽÿÿʽȫƣѰ㣬ƵҵʱҲ޼ƿʩֻ䣬ǽͱЩ
뵽ԼСͽܣԺ˵
ǱЩ˺ö֪֪Ⱥһ


613 ľʯ£
Ⱥ֣Щͷˡ
ȻܱƵ㶼޼ƿʩûô
Ҷȫ˹ˣɵģȽʱһʵûó˫ţˡ
ôаţȺȻֵʦãҲַʽһҡ
ҲܱƵҰƳ񲻸á
Ⱥ˷δزǺ¡
ᣬҶ֪ʦ㽣ģôƣɺ˵۹ԿŵӵĽ㣬ֻҪһͻὣ֮ܵõЩӳݣʵ汾¡
˵ҡҡͷ˵ոպݺѵʱҪæºѡ
ȺҲ뵽ЦҲ£ת͵͵õӾȥ
ԼǰˣӦöĽҪ֪Ľôãŵ
ֻҪԼ书ܹݺ£ɽָʢѹɽ˵ǽаĽħĽҲֵһѧ
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⻹ǱһЩСආ̽ɽɾѾЩģɽɻħ̴ٽɽûֻ˵ָտɴ
ԶԶľͼһϮڸŮ͵͵ǱȴСȻ˹ͣľٶŮһԳԹȥˡ
ȺһֱȵɫȫڣҲճٴ
;뿪ٶýһ㣬ϼȫĵǱ
۶ֻҪԼһͼԷ˹
ȻֲۣܿʦýеˡȺȻ֪̾ճĲԼǾǿҲûá
ǰʹ죬ȴǺˡ
ȺҲһҪˣʱ޷룬ֻߣȴһŨŨĻ⡣
ǰӦҪ󣬴ϼ񹦡ֻأ
һ룬Ⱥҡҡͷǲܵġ
ʱչ¶εʵҲܰѴ´ʸġϼҪȻԼŻϾͿϴϴ˯ˡ
ƾ衰˫ȡɽģʵ׾١
ǾԲġ

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Сʦ֮󣬾įҲûˡ
ŷɽʱЩҰޣտŴ
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Ҳȥ˼¶еĽˣֱײŪĻԵʵڲǿ󡣳һİѷԲʮ۵Ķ߲ҪҵǽڲѨѶȴ˵㣬˵Ҳ㼱Եȵ
˼´ʮ죬ξ͸Ӧ˿ӣָоֻһţӦúԶ
ͷȻˣҲûа취¡
ˣÿԵݣֻۣҲûãֻܵȣ򿪻Ե֮˵
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626 ﳯϣ
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ֹǱȺҪǿһΡ
ճҲ֪ԼʵʲôΡ
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628 ﳯ£
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Сʦ޵Ļճʮָжһְƽͷ֪óˣһص⾳֮С
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630 һУ
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Щӣ׮ڱ˽ȥط־ֶʧ˲ٺ١϶ֻɽ飬
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631 һ£
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632 ֶΣϣ
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Ļͷ˹ȥԶԶͿһײͷһѽʹ÷ģɫĴǰһӶǼλոջưŴȴסؿڣʹ൹أһжûס
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СʦһŷȫϵճϣԱܻܿ͵Сʮȫ᲻Ȥ
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ҹӦþͻ䡣
ϲʮ´ࡣ
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ɺһ·Цһ·ûЦᣬһϸƳɵľСĹҵƺװ˶
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ǵȻǵøոС̯λϲͷԴȵʱҿѧ
˭ͷˣҿԵһĽкãʦܣҲôѿ𣿡˵Ц䣬ɺЩˡ
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Ա˿ǵˣ˼ȻҲĶ
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ۼΧԽԽ࣬ߺ뻶


639 £
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ЦҶʦαؼأԶͼɼ飬⡮аס֮βôһΪ죿
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ʲôطҵҶҲأ
ճϸϸš
ⲻΪǵԭ򣬶ǸԸйء
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˼άȻͬ
˵ֱ׵㣬ûʲôäţֻԼ
Ը񣬾Է治˿η¸һЩ
ۻκһˣǺǻⱦׯϵķô˼־
ǲ㣬ҲǲԸ𻵲ġ
Щ˴ӹߴСĽУɷĴ澴η


640 սϣ
뵽ճĿֱӹ˷ݶѡаסЩطԶͼвҶҲҲ
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ˡ
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ͨȻ᲻ȤƲָ֣ǿǿҲͿˣԽԽãԼúõ֡
úãճǺһЦ
һѾձ̬ӵΣͻȻýý鶯һߣءһ죬Ťһķͷ­ƤһߵֱӷһڵһƮĺӰֱȥ
Ҳȥôֵճ˳һ̽۶˷ԵС
ΪݣճҲγԼŵĳȡҪ֡
Թ˸ոѧʮ·а֮һƣϮִӰһ̡
ء
ڿͻһɫӰƵĴӷǰ
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ĸоУǷͷһɽȻѹ¡
Ҵ⣬ֹסƮͬӰ˫ֽӭЮſһײ
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ʱȡЦ˵˹ɭĽҲϽСֱô֣ûүүݡ
ƽߣ˵𣬾Ŀ
ʱټŴнȴһҲЦˡ


641 ս£
иӦһƣп࣬ûˣǿ
ñĿپף̩ɽѹ˽֮ǿй֮޲
оüһʹеһ˿԰ѩʧ٣Ǿݡ
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ҲɱУƵöԷм˱Աٹ˲ǰԼҲͿˡ
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ȴһͳϵĳһѿ󳤽Юű亮˪ճһ˹
ճҪͻȻסҧҧʮ

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ŴΧһУҲϵãȴҲʲôǻɽʽ֮һȺޱľ
ֻһСޱľȴùݡâֱ֮ɷԲ
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ȴȺ֮һǺ㶡б£Լȥ׷λܲڡ˫ӵһ
⻰ȻָĶǰЩʱձճһ߰ˡ
ͣ㡭
㲪Ȼŭʹǰ֡


642 ҹϮϣ
ʲôûȥ׷ϸ⴦լӣ˵׻Ц
Щ̫СһĽһ֣ɽռ룬ƽȻ£ȴвˬ
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򽥽ϨլڰУҲ˹ע

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ӦþǺɳȥĴɱɸֵˣڰеһ֧
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ǿɽʮ̫ȷͳһʸ
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˶ŷΪ飬ΪȫҪ˳ţõһ̯ӣ͵ö෽ıǿȡ
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ճֻһԾͿǽסȥ
ʮ·аӡԺԽǻζԽǸоζ̲סҪоһתš
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ݼȻ¶ճҲͲڣָ˱Ŀһӽͷβӹ
ʱǺʱͳ磬ĴڵϹģҲûܷ١
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׼Сʦһϲ
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ȻԺճɱ


643 ҹϮ£
ճתü絶ƴ
ԺӰСʦߣԼ񶯵һʱ֮ûܷӦһ֡
ҪɺʮΣա
Ѫ糱ָ΢΢⣬׼ȫ˫˳ɱ
֮ճԼʵʮš
˭ҪסбѪóԲ˶ߡ
ķӦܿ죬ȴʧȥȻꡱĴһ죬һֱϮѨλȴȳˣָɽֱԼ󱳡
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ճܵһƣſ⣬ȴѾ˭
һĵĳȥ˱Ѫһʽзǣӭȥ
ԽԽָָ
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ƺҲ֪ƾΪʵûаѹճҲȥ뷨
пܣҲ뱻ڵɺ
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Ⱥϼ޻Ҵ͵Ϯоȴûа㲻˼֣żӰڵʮ㡣
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ڲϿ飬ֻܲȺ˿ƤӦúȳǽ
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ȺЭճϲҪ˵ڴһС
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ճЦãСʦǷ֢ˣ˵λŶӣĻ֮бˣҪУҲù˵ɡ
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תͷһȴȺʱ޷Զĺڽ˶֪۾Ҫýţƺһ̾һʱֻúˣһʱûӦ
ˣոȴûעСӵķӦŮԼףҪɱ˰
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Ƕ̫Ⱦóˡճһݣĵܲðˡ
ȴ˵ʦôСʦòãһôˣɱңҲ޼°ôƺأ


644 óԸϣ
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ŭˣѹͺ𣺡㾹Ȼ˽ﻵɺףԺμˣԵʦ𣿡
޹ֻһ״󿪴ϵĽʽִʣȻ
ճ֪ǡὣȺʮһ׿ҽ͡
˽ָ𣬾ǸһֲԸֿĸо
ճ˵׽ǸӦˣľǿ󣬶νӰ죬ֻо棬ȫں
Ҳֻţﻹп˵ôͶԲʦˣСʦһֱңϹӶܿһǻ⣬ʦԲʲôģѵ˲ɣ
ԸǲҪѾͷ޸ˣҲᱡ޳֮ͽȺԽԽɾǴ򲻵ˣҲ
ȴûڵɺͳŽ˽ᣬһʱ֪ô˵ǴеԸģʦأ
ǲճİȫϿȻȺüֻҪе㳣ʶ˶ܿճڽ֮ͥŲʮ˽еĽûаγȻࡣ
ճҲŭˣȺĵĹҲûʲôǶԷ˵ɺҪ˵Ҫ޸ˣôС
ûưɣ
ճȻѧʢŮӳ֮ǰ뱣ףǶǽŮȴûбҪȥƶ񷨣ֻҪã˵öЩҾʦûҪ˽档
㻹ӲȺȫˣЩɢңأԲ֪
һȴûǰġӽȣЩܻоԼ۱ơ
СԼʮŮ֪ܵ˵ֱ׳⻹ˣ
ȺʢŭƳԽԽǿȺƺҵ˶Ըճķӣȫĵģǰ֮أÿһÿһʽѰӲƴĻᡣ
ճ͸оѹñš
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ȺһֱӣԽԽʢȴԼóӦԵġ
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ճȻûеת֮оƬ֮ҲҳʺԼĳַʽ
̨ɫâһ͵ȺļͷȴתΪڶʮ·Ƿɶ顱һһ֣Ⱥ㶼ûӦͷۡ
֮˵ԾҲ˲ٹճˣæؽأֻоճĽͬ㣬ݵĻ綾ߡ
ճרѧУҲȺӦԡԷأһ䣬ͱɡŪѡ
أһ˾Ⱥ
ˮϣƮгѣֱ̳Ⱥıġ
ꡱһ죬Ⱥؽһʽرæ֮Уסһȴĵǰ߰˲
Ȼǿ͵ĵ֮µסһȴԸо׶̹ǣϮˣʹġ
һʱ񵲲ǻᱻһˡ
㶯ģ´֮£亹һǻŭӰ
ʦ˵úЦˣֻȫ֣ʦֶ𣿡ճЦ
Ⱥɫ˱䣬ɲʵǱа
漴ֿ϶Զͼ֮ʱ籼׵ܴԤϵĵط˼Ǽʶˡ
Ⱥӹ̾⽣иճƽ⾳ĽΪͬһȳ޵еɱ˽
͸ɭ죬ٿþˡ
оճĽٿһ㣬߽һЩǴҴһؽһСرͲܵס
ͣ½ٷ裬ճһ
ûɥĲɱˣôСʦһӶ
ʦСʦò÷Ҳˣˣܲúһûеɣ˳ˮۣӦ£Դϲ
ȺϢһͣŭҪײѹͷң뻳ͳһͲС˹ǡϼ񹦡ʦּɵϸˣɽ֮Եû˵Ŀ⾼ĶճȻڵȴʲô
ճ̾ȺȻԸ񣬿޿أȴҲٺҾ
ܵ˵ǡаסջȽϴʲô˲ˡ


645 óԸ£
ճҿͲҳƣ뻳УȻʩʩȻͳһ˹ȥ˵ʦǰȻڳȻ֪⽣ؼǼ٣ˡ
ȺҴҴ򿪽ףϲɫճЩĿˣ͵Ц
еΣȺȻû֡
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ĿֻһССӰСעͣʱҹ߲㣬Ҳ̫ѾԿ϶Ľˡ
ʦɽɻɳĴѰңŪ̫󣬻ЪŰɣ׸ˣԸҸطȥо
ȺһҲǣСİѽ뻳Уۺ룬Щ־ƺԺѧᡮаѹɽһͳ龰
ܺãܶýףΪɽһɺ飬ô׺Ūȥúôʦɡ
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룬ճ־δЩصСѵʦǿһˣҲѧУȻҲʶȷǿǺýһʵЩѹ
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ôҪŮɺһ⻰ʹͷ䣬ˡ
ûе£ҿϲСˣСʦýҲǺܿĵġ
꣡ɺתΪϲҲóҿûô¡
аճЦһѺᱧɺߣȥ
һֱ֣ݡ


646 ޣϣ
ûɽ֮ǰɽɾѾյ֪ٹþǽϴֵ
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ĽȺֻ˵ɽšӽ书û̫ྪ
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ⶼǲɽɳɾ͵Ըš˫ǰƶֻ֣ԶԶżɡ
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ʦܣԭáаסȥϼˡҲóͲǱס
ŮﶼһɺʱͰȺˣվճĽǶȿ⡣
ʲô۵ģѵ㲻֪йĿıǱ׿һ飬ͼˣˡС£ҲѣڹķȴǴ£פգ꣬ɲܴ
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ճҲֻҽСʦһΪ⡣
Ⱥ֪ˣֻ׷عȴǲܵģʳء
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һӣլǱѾ׳ڵɽҲࡣ
ӦԼ֮ĶˣΪճˡаסͻӵԶԶĶΪɵɵĴڸݳڣű·
һЩҪ֮̽⣬ɽɴ֣ѾɢĴɽѰһʱĿ϶
ھּңճϳŲʳ֮ʱȴһЩϢ
ճؼݳּӭһˣڣ¹ͷµĻԺֺʦǲ֪˶١
峿ھֵĴſ棬һڳʮʬ壬ַºʹȱӶѴòļҴ𵶣ߺɱ
ճʳлߣȴλʳ˵һεͻϮھͷӦ׼´Ҫ͵Ϯɾû˼򵥣ⲻ֪Ҫùˡ
Χ˳ǡ
ھڸݳܸߣȻ˲أҲԸͷ̵ܹģΪǰʧֻһʱ
ճЩоۣҡҡͷͲᡣ
֪ҹжʵԾǼλڽ̽ûдٽ
ȵ׺˶֣ڸݵʵֿ


647 ޣ£
Ӹھֵܿ׺Ϊʮֲ
ֺȡᣬҲأèϷһĸϾɱ
ΪɽҲǿȥˡ
ճҲû̫ϵõˡϼ񹦡ʱĵ֮Ǹڹ
⼸θȺ֣棬ʵ϶Լʧġ
˵㾭ǱܣҲΪټϽ⡢ȼӳ֣ƾԼԽ⣬ԽսӦǺɵһ顣
Ǵһ˵ѹŶԡ
ʵȴˡ
һСģǷ̡
һʱزʵʵƴһǣϴεҲòȥ
Ѫǿˣˣʵֻ˵أԺƵǹɺճȻû̫취Ϸ֮⣬ơ
ڣճʵʱһЩû塣
Ⱥд䣬ճȻͷβռϷ磬ʵǿһأһ
Ⱥϼʩչ磬ԽԽǿҲһ塣
ճȫɱ˲㡣
ϼʲôûУͬ͸ʵؾƱȺҪ
ճĻԪһǹ͸ûвֱ࣬ɢϼͬڡ
˱֮ճ͸ȷԼʵǿ
ҪʤȺҲѣʮУʮУͿʤҪɱԷȴˡ
Ʋһؿڣѹƣʱ
ȴճڶʮ֮ȡƣܣȴôʮйˡ
ԭǺγһȦΪۺǿȴǰԼƴֻƴĺ鷳
ҪɵĹҪʵ̫ѡ
ճԤУԼóȫǿԴƾʵȴôᰤһк
￴ȺǱҪһЩϼ񹦡Ȼ࣬ԼǿǿԵ󲿷ĺ
ĽҪԲһЩҲҪһΣ˫ȫƴʮУͻ·磬ʮУ׶༪١
ȺۺʵֻǱȶǿһȴǱһ
ճսȴǱǿһͷҲûȡѹƣԭϡ
ճͻƵߵ̫׾ڵڰ˵
ˮ֮󣬻Ƴһ£ֻҪǿУ־ս֮Уù⡣
˵ֻеһֲΣǽϵĴ֡
һ֮ǰʲôؼֻǴʮУͻһգôָ
սϣսΣʱ򣬱˵ָˣ㣬һΣյ顣
ȻһֶսȻ㣬Ծһļ٣ǧУԾɻߡ
ֻдﵽ֮ԴԴϢܴ֮ղģǾͲĴˡ
Ǵ˾ƣߣȼոɾдʵĻȴǿԴҹ
ճ̫ԶȾҪڵ˳͵ĻԪĳƷʼߵڴ͸Եϼ

峿ʱճ˵һ޵ɫϼնصĺɷض·С
ܿ죬ľԼԼܲϵɫԪȾһ˿⡣
ͬҺ壬ݰɫڳһɫȻŵӡ
ƷתΪƷȻȻֻתϼ񹦣Ԫͱɫڻһգûʲôۡ
תĹȥʱ䡣
ȵճ徭ȫϼʱźȻ֣ԼˮƽѾ˻صոմͨ˵ͻĲΡ
ԽԽǳˣʱ׹𣿡
̽һˮƽճЩʧ䣬ΪǰûеõõĹ١
ꡱһϷ𵭵תһӡԺʯϡ
ףǰûмǿһˡ
ճ˫۷Ź⣬ʮ⣬ʯӡЩ˷
һƴȥճδóԼѪȫƾУһʯ
Լ֪δתϼʱֻܹһжӡǿ޵ڰ˵
ô˵ԼˣʵϹȴǿࡣ
һֺôǣǰͨߵڰһСΣ¸ϼȴҪٴδͨ
ֻҪֱӻָԭ磬ȻҲһõĹ̡


648 ֱָ죨ϣ
ǹƹƾȽϼѣĻԶŽݾѰġ
ֻҪ㹻ҩĲԪճаں̵ܶʱ֮ڣڰ˵
֣ϼ񹦣ÿתһ죬ӵΪȵԪת죬ٶ֮пࡣ
ѹֻԪԽԽǲ㣬ЧʲԶƷʲһ㶼ˣࡣʵ̫ˡͬ츳ˣһϼһԪʮֵ꣬ͻǴ˴Сһ㡣
ɽ˵ĸͨѧĶͲզˡ
ճ㣬ȴҲЩ⡣
ڹһٹһʱ䣬λ֮⣬ԼЦϾͿԺˡ
Ȼʱ̼ǵԼĿ꣬˭ǿʤҪһӵ֮ء
ִ֮ʱճӻԺĹʽȻֻ˵ΨһλֶǴ˲ĻԵŵԳɾ͡
һλΪ죬ʱɨƽƷһУһУлþ޴һٳɾ졣
һλʱΪԪ˧սһսһܼлĺѪɱԼľɱƣӶɾ
ǵ۹פĻʵۺɽĴԪ˧
ǵĳɹ鲻ɸƣճйأҲʱĴ󻷾йأںƽǺġ
ԣӽ֮ٲֹﵽ컯εĸ֡
һλ֣䵴ħʦУͬļȡ
Ĵɱ֮ʱϵʿԸѣзܲսڰɽˮ֮䣬ݺἸʮأǧɽˮ֮Լǰ·
ӲĴӲ֮лһ졣
ⷽ濴λһԼؼڼȼ֮вŵõͻƣͻ֮ѣճ붼ȥ롣
ǡ磬Ҫﵽ׵öˡ
ҪһЩԪʺͻƣϵԭʣճҲ벻ס
Ŀǰ֪ڻɽɽķͶںľ廨ĶܣӦþ֣ûУʱ֪
̸Ͼȴֻƾһؼɾ죬Ѷ˵ִȴǧٱ
˵ŷ֤顢еһƱһͿżĺѡ
ܿǵĹһͻƣͽ뵽һΡ
ԣճһֱĿͲǿֱɹõؼٻˮɵʮͨζ졣
Ȼ֮ͨͨٻعͷԲ죬Ҳˮɡ
ڹҪľҪֻҪ㹻кõĹΪ˴һͿҲܻúܸߵĳɾ͡
ֲ²иݵġ
Ͷܾס
ˣһ˼֮ܵʧ£
һλɾ书ֻںɽ̸˵ȫ֪ʲô
ˣʱĽؾƿ裬Ǻ־޶־ӸƷ˵㲻óʣˣˡ
ܸƷл֮̽λģҲǲ̫ܳɹֻ˵Щᡣ
Ǳ䣬еõ֮ȴǿϣøδȻϾȨ
ȴ붫ĺݣԼȻҲ֣Ȼͻͽֱӽ죬ٰһٰ⵹
Ͷںľº԰廨һλֺÿܰӲŮˡ
ƷԺ;죬ʲô˲ܵó죿
ԣճ͵óۡ
ڴ˷磬ɾ죬ֻҪʹȥϺõĹС
ʲôҲҪ
ִﵽѾǼޣҪеͻһޣ͵вɸƵķǷ˺ͲŻЦ֮򲻱Ҫ
뵽ճһ뷨ԼѾ㣬ֻսսֶԣڽ뼼ﵽͳһ죬Ӧʮþȡ
Ҫʱ䡣
ⶫҪʮʮճʲôľһʱ䡣
취
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ճͷ˼Ц֮һֿɺ޵ˡ
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649 ֱָ죨£
ţһǲ˵㣬ۺƥƴխɶܵУȴǴԿŪҲһһΡ
ճĬĬ˼
бĹǲӦΨʵ̫ˡ
ʮβձ˵߲ܣ˵Ц֮ˡ
ۼ϶ҲȲ϶ܺͷѱȵϷ֤ˡ
ۼֶܰԺ
̥Աڤ񹦵Ǵ󷨣ɲʲô·ɫϵܾܿǼʮλһֵȫȻͻ磬ܾΪһɣ˸һĿܣȴǺǿ
ճҪƴʤȴ˵㡣
ⲻбǿϺܶ࣬ҵרճľڹΪ˼ǿ㣬ںʵĵص㣬û֡
¾Ž壬ҲܱȻһʤ£еʱȴǻֶ
֪һزӺܶණܵħ̽ݺ£ʮκε
ȻǴӣƷʲ˵ճǿϵģԲԼǰ·
ԴӸ֮ͷһ㣬ﲢǴһʼ¾ŽԶͼҲǴһʼаǶܣʱҲһеǸ֮ϺǿȻ˷ˣǱһεתˣԿþ
ճϼ񹦾֪ŹļǿƷҲߣĺҪǿһأں׶ξʹһ˿ӰӣȻû˲õԣƾƷʣȻᴩ͸Լǿʱľǽⲻ񹦣ʲô񹦣
ŹΨһȱ㣬ҲԼľҪ̫ߣǿгѨ˵塣
ʵϼ󸴹֮ٲãҲŹ̫ǿԾĴ߲Уڰˡ
Ⱥ֮徭ǿѾʱҲǿֻ徭첻
Ȼ񹦹תƷЧãճǴ󷨰Ūʵת˼·С
һڤǰĻճһȥΪڤ񹦱Ǵ󷨶һǾǴΪڤ
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п䣬ʵǱȲǴ󷨵ģΪŹޱߣôȥޱң
ͻ죬ֻΪԼǿ÷ỳŴ󷨵ԭ
ңճһֱΪлţħؼʲôܶС
һ壬ζ֮ͨе÷ׯ֣ºΡ
ӯӯԵࡰ䡱˼ӿƻָ֪һЩҲ˵ùȥ
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ֻһͨӣѪӿ񲨶һЦ˵ѧϺõþšѧһܶʱãȺս֮УˣԼǴǳֻܶԸͨ˵ĴҪࡣ
ľǿ˵е磬ƿȴǲôۡ
辶İ3.0ľ˶սδ֮ǰʤ֡
ճôȵҪﵽ쾳磬һԭ
շСԺ˵ʼá
ճȡЦ˵껹Ǹոմͨ뾭Ǻõùˡ
С̾˵ֻȲ֪͵İأǴλȥһˣǰɵȫˣҲû취¡
һ꣬Сõһ˴Ϣ˵ĸײأʱʱǣңòء
˵һ룬ΪھʱϵƷ̫ͣ;ͻĵصִ
òһЩͨ磬һûˡ


650 糱ˮϣ
ճԼʱ֮ͨǵǸĪ빫Ӻ졣
֮ϵĹ⣬һзǳǳ⣬һȫ⡣
ɫǴﵽı־ɫǸһδ֪ˣǻССĵĻסĹ⣬д͡
Ī뵱ʱȡЦ˵ճʮƯʵǿΪ
⻰˼
һ˵ûб͵ɣΣպܴ׸ڶ̫ͣãͨʱ̫ʵʲô
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˷ʱ䣬˷Ѿ˷˻ᡣ
Īʵ磬ճͿԵóۡ
ǲԼصִʱĵýûУҪڣоƬʾзſɡ
壬񣬵չ׳꣬ǿˣЯǿ
ճԸЩĳɹһ֮
ûǣԼִ绹һǿС
賤ɽ˳ɽɽҲ֪ɣ
ȻרĴ£ȵɹȴֹ˰ճ˰֣ʱ᲻鷳
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ЩΣһֱܱӶ
ϰ˱ճоǰ·ʮּѣˡϼ񹦡ÿ춼ڿȴǿһϣ
ϸϸѣܷ

˼죬ûټȺճȺӦǵ뿪˸ݣѾڵӻϣ׼ǰμӽϴ֡
֪ȥ˺᲻һϸѹţʵһδ֪
ճЩš
а׵ţճҲԹˣҲΪʲôЩõŹ˻᲻һеʹԹ
ֻһ죬ͷȫʧأͬҪȼ
ص·߾֮ʱֻоֽ֫ѡ
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ӦûᣬҲԳһĹ
ΪճĴڣɽĴȴҪ࣬δ˱Ƶѡ
£֪Ⱥû;ȥϰԲй
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ٶȣƽ֮ûʱ뿪
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οɽɸһЩ飬ּҷǺ޹ϸʦȴǲְ̫
ǾţɺְγҪˡ
ˣĲȥܣѾ̫ҲûҪСӣ;һΰɡճ̵
ɺĳ߱裬ٺѵá
ȻȣǾȥȣشݻеһá
ǣճȴǲ̫һζǸɴֵ֣òʲôôɽɿɾͳЦ


651 糱ˮУ
ɽɣڽлǵýһصġ
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ʱּҴӦճĽҪͿԴţ˵ھǻɽɵֻҪɸҶ֣ճ͸Ұɱ⡣
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һЩͷճҲ໰
һ֦һ˦
֦Хʮɾ룬Ͷڼ˴ļ羮Ѩϣһ
˴һʹҪƽ֮ĳءһϣȻ̧ͷ˹
ƽ֮ԷԵײײβȣʰ𳤽һһ˴ࡣ
˵ƽ֮Ĩһ亹ŷ̴ִ˴ͷһ֦
漸ƬҶԲΡΡζţأԵѪ
⡭
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ССһƮƮ֦Ͱǰǿ޿ɵֿĵ˴򵹣ƽ֮ʮ𺳡
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ӱӰϳ˳֮˭
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ÿ춼źܶɱҲܼܲʱͰһﲻˣҲ޿κΡ
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ܵһˣ׺һɵӡ
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ǰɺ̣ճͲ£ڼ˴ǰһ
񿴵ƽ֮ӣź漸ǵԼ෴ķܣճȴЩѹ
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糱ˮֻ̾˻أ
һ뽭´ߣߵĲ껪£顣
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ճƽ֮ıӰĿġ
ӱ޴˵Сʦ߰ɣдʱ⣬ϴúܣ·һһ;ȴǲشæ


652 糱ˮ£
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ճһʽá֣һɨɱ˰ˣһͽ˴
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һݴֺǵӵԴʹתͷһſڵϡ
ŴĹϣַѱ˺һѣ¶ϰѩ׼ʱͽ͵š
һĿĺأԺǺЦţ춯ͣ½֣Ťͷ˹
Ҳܿһۡ

ճһȡ
һͬ⣬һͿɣꡱһʹ̴˷ǵʺ
һȴĥϵ˺ȴѾһءһײƲര
˫ߣڲǽһ㣬ʹ˳ȥؽһƬң˫ȿֻӰһȥ
ףɵӰýţҲ
ճһ䣬ĮջأҲ̴ʺķһֱۣ۶Ȼһ׽˸ݡһХѿնԽʮɾ룬˺ĺ֮ϡ


658 նɱ£
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˫ĿԲĿģȻٵûͨΪʲô˫ɱ
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Ϊ˭׺ӲԣԸ۹˵ǣ϶ǲǡ
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ȵɺƽ֮ϵʱͼճ˺һֻȣԣ̵һھƣһ⣬Եòֺ
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ԺߣѣҪʲô룬˵ˡ
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ճҲַ˵ѹġ
һ˳½һ£Ӧ͵õϢֱʱûһԮȡ
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תͷƽ֮˵һҪúøʦѧϰ书виҲˣûʵػٴ־ٳԶĿֻ꣬׸ҲټڶΡ
ƽ֮Ӧ
Ҫ˵һεļĴ
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ҪǿҪ𣡡ƽ֮ĿѾ޷Σȫͬ


659 ţϣ
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660 ţ£
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ǰƽ֮һγ࣬ǿˡ粨ն˫ıӣҲ΢ԺǾƽƽĹԼӰɣٲʽǷǡ


663 £
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ֱʱľ߷ԾԼӵóȥͬмΣ֮һûʲôסռ߷


669 ɱ֮ģϣ
⡭ľ߷һУշΣ˵һһѪ²ȴǸΪ١
ŸȫͬŲͲأܻԾȴȫߡ
̤ʵأѶ䡣
һ͵Ⱥ֮ǰۼþҪȺֱʧ
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һľ߷Ķߣһ۽֮ȴǰһӰӡ
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һһͬӰӣ˿Уľ߷֪Ϊٶ̫죬˵۾ûӰֻڤڤ֮зǰˡ
ꡱһòһƬѪ죬·ɽȪʡ
ճһûһĻߣ죬Ծ󺣣һȻȻ
һĨľ߷ͷӹǿųªͷ­ԽԽߣϱƿЦƻƳ
ľ߷ͷ壬ȻԼٶǰʮɣźȻԵѪУÿвһ
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ĿɿڴоѹںôһЩҸҲ׷һͷ­оġ
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ֻǿˣȴ˶Ե޹ʵһһ̾ȻһЩ޷̫ǿձĻᱣһݽģǻıܡ
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˵ӲΣǽ֮¡֪ճԼˣҲһˡ
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ճĿɨһȦ޲ͷη
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ʱƷ߳ɱ֯ˣǸǰ곤ˡ
ʮģ͸һЩƣѶȹʮ꣬ȴȻжβΣЩɵľӢӲ̫Զ
̸ϸճλ죬һֶɱѧȣʵˡ
˾Ǹ˼ϣҲʶճġ
ڻſڼһ棬ʱȴԣͲ֪Ӻ˵Ѿͬһˡ
ʦ֣μʦĽϴִģʦסɽׯҪһǰȥ棿
Ʋ񾭱ȽϴִʱѾǰľ˳ЦŴŹ
תͷһƣͼŴ̽ɺһչ͵˸ǰȥ鶯쳣
ճ½ǣЩĽ˵ʦܣԽԽˣ˵λʮɱһ˵Ĵ󻵵
ֺ޲ðʬΣƫƫ书ǿܺãÿÿֶгϴǵҲԳиڲ֮䣬ǿһҲǿޡ
ճЦ˵Сʦãû˵ǰҲֻǹ䲻ѣҡ
ɺһۣ˵Ź֡
˹оȻȫճһˣԱߵĺɽڵȫԣճЩΡ
æɺǰܵʦ֣ʦܣǻɽɴСʦɺŮˣĽ书ǺģҲ˶١
ɺüЦ֪ʦڸԼ
˶ճ˵лȴȻ𴩡
Ʋ˼˸ǴȤ˵Ҫ͡
ѵʦֺʦһһҪСС¥ȾƣΪҪǡƲЩ죬͸žеĺˬ
ճɵð棬԰ΪʦǰϹݺԸ
ҲͨλʦÿŸħ̳ﵯ٣ôĵͽܡ
˵µĴΪ꽣ǲǧԵĴķ屻ΪһʱӦǴС͸ˣʮ
ʱ绹δ֣Ȼѧ涫⵹ܻΪһ̸


670 ɱ֮ģУ
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671 ɱ֮ģ£
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ﲮѪ˵ģĻ졣
ﲮ⵹ҲӲͦñֱյŭҽԹ޳𣬺οҪ̫Ҿȴ㡭
⻰Ȼ˵ʮţʾ֮⣬ȴ˶ó
ճһջһˣһһﲮǱնɱģʮңԼǲ˰ɣ˵ȶУȻ˵ö֮ʲôԹ𣿡
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һ˫ǻɽӽŵ棬Ҳ˵ȴ󻰣үֻǲƴܾ˶ѣ㣿


672 ҹϣ
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СûƣֻоͷԷڣһʱЩվȣѪ


673 ҹУ
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гԽԽأӲʵֻн֮Ա٣˼άʧصϢ
ÿġ
Բ˫ĿվñֱȻֱĵȥüһԽԽ󣬡硱ըѿ


674 ҹ£
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ƽ֮ٹɣ֪һֽŷΪӰýţֻ
˺Ӣټ˲Ǻ۾˽ܡ
û뵽Ҹھ־ֵĵҲ˺Ƕһ󣬳ȫɱ⡣
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ֵһ죬մϵѪλɢУһɢ١
սʣҲȥ˵ĻȲʣϦһ˿⡣
ﲮʮ˵ȴҲȫ壬ճпӵ˵֮Ƶĵ
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аԿ䣬ߵ·Ӿǡ֮⣬еļʵΧҪؽе
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675 һãϣ
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Ϊáȫܷӳơ
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ƽ֮һ㶼ûճһڡ̤Ĳӳ£ȷԭаҪǿһЩ
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ճ׷ƾͻźǾͼıŰԼġ⡱ҲС
Ȼ־ܱǳԽн׶εһΡ
Ϊĸ߶봿ͻὥ־Ӱӡ
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ν⡢⡢ȭ⣬ʵֲֻô죬Ҳֳ֮ʱԵֵԭڡ
Ϊÿһÿһʽǿ˼Ķ⸽ӹ
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676 һã£
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ԤֻҪܹһЩָ㣬оͺܿͻͽԺںɽɵǰҲһƬ
ƲԼ˽ؼһǺܶ˿ңǲòˣ˽ҲҲѧᡣ
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ЩͨõһؼĸֵĹ£ȫǺƭ˵ģʵŲá


677 ˭˭ǣϣ
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Ȼʵÿԣ͵¸ֱͨؼ
Ʋʵڣѧ̫ûʦָ㣬ǿɾץϹˣȫ֪Ӻ֡
һ˽ִ磬ûнӴֱӸһĿϣҲ޿κΡ
ƲںɽҲֻϵһǰԶԶƲϸˣǾͬΪĸ˼ϡ
ָ˼һΪڽ˵˼ϸҲҵ⣬ңƲҲѧġ
ֽ֣ԽԽһСľͻѾŪʱûкҩԡ
ƲҲֻѧѧŻѧС֣һ׺ɽƽնǣǿ
˵ﵽڣѧھʹ÷ʦȴ׼˳ЩûԹǵ̸֣ڸˡ
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ܲ˵λҲɳࡣ
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Ѫϳ壬ɫһ±ͨ죬ڶСʦãҲǶӣֻϲһ
ߣȴɺ۽ǵҸʦ۲¶Ĵ⣬仰ȴôҲ˵ڡ
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ġܣԱ˼ָ£ٴ治飬ʵҲȻ
ڻɽ֮ϵһãֻҪĥΪÿһʯͷÿһľСʦõӰӡ


678 ˭˭ǣУ
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˵Щߵ̫ʱȴû
ɫ֮Щ뵽ȥˡ
ճ̾˿˵СʦãʦֵúúջָƣǾͱˡ

صͷãϾȴǽѾˡ
ճϲɫӭ˽ӣ֪Ӧþںɽ³ɳ޵ҩˡ
ǻճԼռȴʮּѣҲ˷ʱ䡣
ȴǲͬ˸ھ꣬Ǽҵưܣǰ۵ϵҲڡ
ֻųϢ˵蹺ҩһ˼õҩҲֵóǮ
һԵ˭֪µص߽ΪȣǽǶڻҲӲͻƤֻԭ⳥
ʱȻǸ˾ͻᰵֹһּɵǮࡱڱҲô˳ȥԽÿģԽѰ⡣
Կǻ沢ܿһʱʧ
䷽ʵڲУ̷ίʵǸš
Դճȥֻǹʱ䣬ռ˺ҩģȻճڳյҩҲ˶١
Ҫ֪һο֪֣ҪǮǮҪ˸ˡ
ճĿһۣ棬ƺЩУ֮͸ƽ⡣
֪λͷǳ׷˽£׼רеˡ
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˵ǡ衱ʵʦѧһҩļɣӡ
ѸҩﰴվʹƵһ飬ң㡣
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ճоƬϸȴʵʦԣƷʽȷżΪǿãƳĵȥǰֱ˲εЧҪǿࡣ
ʦܣ˵ҩﲹٽɸȣĴûкô
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ճͷ˵ðɣʵҲû뵽ô౦ҩʮž㹻ˣͨﵽһ֮ٷôرȫ̫˷ѣŰɡ


679 ˭˭ǣ£
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ԭЩ֮⣬ֻʮλһ֡
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ô˵֮ͨϼ㡰ϼǧʵֻкܴ
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ճ̾ϢĵСʦǸТ˳ӡ
ЦõĵͷŰɣҩֲһʱ̫Ū̫ҩԺռȴڶС
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ʱһţöִͷùؼȥǺԥ
ŸҲȥҩۣ˵ҩϡҩĴѣҩѵʱ;̫࣬ǿ಻ԡ
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ﻮƻճȴٶ룬֮ʵΪҪӪȡǮҩ飬з¡
ճ˵Ժҩܶ࣬ɺҲһ㶡
ȷҲǣǰˣ˼άûıȻҲͲЦƿӵ
ҶˣʦλˣǻɽɻҪС
ȲĵһҩӣȥˬһŸɢӴҩͼææĽң˵Ұҵ

ճСʦŤ߽ңЦȴԭûж
СʦҪҲ
ģûҩȻһ

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Դҽ׵ﲮǸ֮Ҿͼ˼ҵǧŲ࣬Ӷ࣬Ҳ赲
ǰ˵֪ǧףСȥɽȪճɽһ㣬˵ӴҲ룬ܷĴ󵨵ĳ档һλ룬ɷнµ˵

¥һЦվſںҲ̲ס¶Цݡ
ԭʵλ֪ǧ̫иѿٽˡ
˵֮ʱҪ̧ΣﲮôҲġ
˵˫ʵǺ֮ÿһطֻҪУͻῪ츣˺ܳһʱ䣬ʲôҩãҽͺˡ
һԱ̾˵кڴ̽ͷ¥ϣҽȴǻû֣ûգȴЩźˡ
еõˣүϴ֣ҽµôҲȥϯȴûʱҽġ
ǡ
˵ŻЩ˸߲ҵۺɽԺ˭ǵ飬ȴǳԶˡ


680 ǹսϣ
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ʮְֻһһԼԼƳԶ
ǰһˣĿ鵭ĮԶϲޱ
˫ִڸӡϢ棬ϷŽӨ⣬һгɵĸʿ
ͻȻ˫Ŀƺһ⣬һɫɳ״òɢ
վ˫һ񣬷һ죬һ죬ܼͬں
û뵽һ֮Ʒ֮߾ȻԸศУٽҲǴͨ˵ھŵǱڵĹҲǰһأѿ쵽ڡ
ճзŨŨϲãһ֪֮Լֻ˽
֮ʱǹΪңңȣһֱϺȣʵȫӣҲ˹Ϊ
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䣬ȴЩ۵Ѿת˻⣬˵ﲮͺɽСʦ̫ò˵Ĺˡ


682 ǹལ£
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ֻռ˵λʦ־ߵҵĸǰ˵С᲻ȥǲˬˣģʦʲôİ
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˶Ϊճ޴룬һڷϣȴֱӿڳϣ鿪Ц

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684 ΪӪУ
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685 ΪӪ£
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㰫ʿһУǽӲģοºڵ˫һǻ̰ʱͬˮһȥ
ŵзų⣬׺һһƣƺڹԼʵ
ϤˣףλϵʿʱѶ˼Ҳѧ׺һȥһаˡ
˵ڳڸ֣ģ˭ؼǰû˵ֻݣʱûпڰˡ
ؤ︱Ž֣ȭʦλʮĸҲǶ˼Ŀ˸
úã
ճЦ׺ͻȻϲҲָֻɽһ
Ȼдŵüһ壬Щˬĵ˱»У̫ˡ
Ҳǲ֪ɷ罣ʹƵɣΪһŸƽԵеĽɢһ׶Ըأ


686 е¾֮ϣ
ŵ˵ոתͷͼճָ£ƺɽˮ
һľ׺һ˹ͷ·Ҳ̲ͷ
ǰɽˮԶʮ䡣
ҧгã˾ֵ֪ķλ̫ˡ
ճԴͻƱΪһ־֮ó͸ԲϾ
ֻһоͲԻɽͬʵʣӰ˵ĸйߣ̺ʵ
׺һн֮ڣıûһ˿
ճָɫصΰľ
ɽ
ϼǧ
Ⱥ뵭Ŀţ˾һͳ룬ʹһ졣
ɽȻֱ޿ƣҵ̫廹Ҫǿˡ˵Ŀ԰ͨؼǱаͬߣҲֵϧ˰ɡ
һ̣Ⱥֻǰʱľʵ£ӹš
ŮѾСӵ֣ôҲԼŮҲӦ˰ˣŶӾĽ˭˭ȥ
ȺһͷưῪһʯͷһ˵ˬ죬Ƿһ׮¡
׺һ޹ҲţΪһţͰ˾綾һʹճǰƱɷ罣⻹Ҫ졣
һдƣ
ճվԭһüһ䡣
һֻȭͷȻ̧ǰ࣡һʹ˳ȥ
һȭƺ׺ȴͬһ㼱ˡ
ֻöԷȭͷֻǴ򵽰;Լľ΢΢飬ƺ˼ǿҵΣ
Ʊ裬޹Էû֣ûгʣԼѾס⻹ô
ɫ䣬㣬μٱ߸λ
ʹͻսȦȥȺ֮УѾˣоƢɱ
׺ıûУƽСݲñð
ȴиôǼ죬ֻҪΣգͻ˱ᡣ
ֻɺаԵᣬȴɻĲǵرĶ֡
ЩδԹԽԽҲԽԽ
ߣ˲ӣ·ʽйء
ϧһΣˡ
ճλеĶ⣬֪˾һֻصĶߡ
ֻҪˣ϶᲻۲ĵĴӴԣһʱ֣ܵҲķӣ鷳
СԸճҲǼ࣬ԣˣֻһ󻼡
׺ӵ˼˿ճȴǶۻ
һЦȻùõаףǾȽһ
䣬׺Ѿ˳࣬Ӱý˷룬ֱΣٶҲǼ졣
ֻҪһͻȥȺճȻ׷
ɻ
˼Ѿϲֱˣ㻹ʲô𣿡
תͼǰһ⣬ոӳѿɾ룬бһ׺ۡ
ճͬɫưֻһƮ͵׺ǰ̳һĻߣ·𼫿죬ַ·𼫿졣
죬ǣǰһûǽȥ򣬾ͼճѾصԭأսʡ
׺缲磬ͱǵȺ֮С
׷ϲ׷𣿡
ճСһһͬȣȴ޹ơ
ŵ˰Ʋ죬ĵСӹŪ飬书һŵ׺սҲֻѣ޿赲һȥͽ޹
ϧûƴ֮ģֻҴҶӣȻ»еô
ŵô룬˺¬˼ҲΪ¶Цݣ׺սаǰҲҪһġ
ȻǲΪԼǿţҲϲȥո׺СսˣŹҲС¡
ҲȥƴֻǽӸоˣ˫Σ
ЩȣԴһУʦ
߰˸ǵɧЩ˸ʧУ
һȫתͷȥڵм䣬ǰԨͣվʱȴ˫ĿԲɣǰ
ǽʧȥ˹ʣ﷢
ĺв֪ʱȴǶһ󶴣ʱཱུðѪݡ
ģǰɫѾȫȾ죬׺һֱֱ£ûϢ


687 е¾֮У
ŵһ΢΢תͷȻԶԶվϴŵЦǸɽɵӣһɺ⡣
ҾȻû壬һңǸ׺һ³
㺦Ͳɸ㻪ɽƴݣ
һǵе
룡
ճһץڴʯץһʯָһءһ졣
ʯͷǿӲֱǵӡ
ǵһߵĽʯӵӰӶûͱ­Ȼֹ
ǵҲҳû˸÷ߺ޵Ŀ⿴ճ
ճһָֻЦݵƵɵˣǰ˵ֻҪб£ҪõаףͿǰȻбµˣϧˣûܽס̫ϧˡĳǳһʱʧ֣λ֪λӢǰͽ̣
ճЦӯӯսɰ˺˫ʵ¬˼ͤǰϳŵȫҶӣͷ
ʱĻ벻ף˫룬˵ôǰ˭ǲǰףǱĺ
ո׺ĳ֣˶У佣ǿȦɵ㣬˭ҴƱ˵Լʤλˡ
ǿĸ֣ϳȥֻ̽һУͼܡ
Ȼûӹһ֮
˫жǿ
ѹѹһƬͣȫĿţȴûһ˸ҳϳֻȴ־Ȼ
㲻ʲôҲ㲻ʲô
ʵǿһС
ճȻ¶һ˿ɵеĽôӵؼȻȻ˭Ҳ
ճһᣬϳתͷƽ֮ʵƽ֮ҰĴˣʧ
Ӳңͷ׺˲ҪӼʮԩ꣬ȴȫ׺ɱиʡ־岮С޶ŵȥ
ãͲҸһʱ䣬ʱԸˣҲ㡣
ǣʦ
ƽ֮Ӧ¡
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һ֮һɱɽɡ
ƽ֮Ż̧׺ʬߵǵӣĬĬ
ʦͽһӦһŻȻ
ԭҽΪ˰ԼӸּι⣬ΪͽˣҲѹɱˣȫ޹˼ɡ
׺֪ҽɱ֮ģܵаջԶȥʵǹֲˡ
׺ǰױȽΪɵĻɽӣճʵҲðΥأ޶˶˵ȥɱ˼һš
ӱڱϾǵһЩǸھֱŵʱƽ֮δ¡
˺¬˼ִͤϸϸ˼Ƭ̣ǳһ亹ԼҲ׺壬Ǻպա
ЩڽϴټţͷȫúܣʱĻ̨֪Ǹ˴󶯸ɸŪһΪʲô
а֣µľǽȺ֮
㲻ȥҲһܵס˵Ĺ
ôΪ˷ֹΨһˣ
˭Ҷ˼ͱնɱճҪ˼
ǳɱӺֻ
ֻҪЩǿؼġˡϳᣬͬҲһֻֻնɱ
ȻЩаġӡ
뵽˺Ц˵֮ǰĳҽ˫֮룬ֵΪ¸֮ϣʱŷסĽȻĪ⣬ϡ˫޶ԡְ
ĺʱȻҺЦüΪϿҡ
ȭһܣ˵ҿаҽϣȴӦӦǰ˵е߾֮˵ˣ
ǣҽˣҷǲȥˣ׳ԷȾƵģûҪƴ
¬˼ͤݵһƮȥȻѾ׷
һ̬˵ȫӦ͡
ŵʱҲĿٲҴ⡣
ﵱǰȻãҲУ׺һӲı̧ߣޱ
ճ˺ƵЦЦĵܰѺɰﾭӪϣȴҲǼ򵥡
ĳڴ˾Ͷлλǰˣ⽣֮
˵֮ȴʩʩȻİǿɫϸ뻳
ۼĻ滭ӰͼС֣ԾԾԡ
ֻҪһ뵽ǰһ磬Ǵ˸ҲҶ˼
ǣ˺ѵ˽飬ʶ׺񣬴ʱա
׺ˣƺδǰҲûɱ¼


688 е¾֮£
ˣŵ˲ܼҫŭȥȴʲôǣֻΪ˵еһССʵ䡣
Ϊʾˣ̵ǴΪѻġ
ȺȺ֮УЦϵļⶼӲˡ
ɽɳһӣ˿ϴ˹ʣʶĲʶĶǰһеûĵһЩ飬Ⱥ˲ҵڡ
ȻãԼִƻɽշҵŵȤ
ʦõĵӴչԼŮǻɽӣôҲǻɽɽ̳ģ֮
ȺЦзۣ뵽һʱ䣬ɽ֮Ӧֻӭһİʦȳ
һΣɱһεķ粨ֱӴɽȫȥˡ
ӢŶֺ֮ʱ˿̣λоȻӿһʥʹС
ʱʱâ̱ĽȸУȻȴࡣ
δճ̫ɫ޿ɵǣһ˶ǰ棬ָоȻͦã˰ġ
ճȴûĴ˼ʽ顣
ͲʶˣҲȥʶ
Ϊʵǿܸ˵ϻҲֻһЩޣЩҲһʳ顣
ֻǺʦСʦõһ˵Żɺ˵ʱľϴЦ⡣
ʱ䣬żʱ쵽ˡ
Ȼһ죬绻һո޳ۣЦ˳һ۵ʹü۵ĸں档
Ϊһ˶һֻ˳ŵķڳʯϡ
ҫ⣬óȴǴ졣
ʵĽϴְүںǾӪ˺ôһݲҵԴöȶǼáѾ̫ǽˣǸˡ
˰ֹǰȻû˳ʵ̫Ὥ񣬸˳ȥҲ˶١
ǲ֪ΪΣƫҪŪôʽʲôΣ
鲻⣬ȴҪصġ
ڴĵȴ´ϴֵʱȴּҴҵſӭȥ
һᣬͼһŹĹԱ˽
㵣ѵٶҲһָ֣ôү𾴣
ϸȥȴǹٶ˫ۻǣȴƺ书
ȺŵȻϲ䣬Ҳû
֪ΪȻǺɽɵĶΪȴûмӣٸҲѰ
һͼǹԱȻֱ룬һվȹ£˫ָ߾ٹһֻûƶиǵ̣зһᡣ
ǹԱӣӹ˾ᣬʥּּ
һĪүһЩ治飬ǴּҪŲնô
һЩ˸ǰѱУֻүһŭȣͺȻ֣ٶɱˣȻүҾӳǡ
ȴϣ鲢ˡ
ǹԱչᣬ˻ʵگԻݺʡѲ֪ɽ磬壬ɣ죬ſãʵڲνְ֮Ч͢մˡ
ֿͷ΢лһꡣ
վǹԱлŴΡǹԱ΢Ц˵ϲϲ˺һΪȴֺαؿ
Сһçƥ򣬽ɳ͢ڹ٣ǻ϶㱻Сҫ棬ȴҲǵࡢѲ˺Ŵ˵ࡣ
ǹԱЦ
תͷǧԵ͵ܣŴ˵أ
ǧԵԤˡתȡһֻԲ̣Ǹ
ۿⷬݣͽһС٣¸ԴǱ΢ʵ˴۾һʱ֮䣬ȫо޹⣬Ϊܡ
ճһЦſϷ
һĻ֪ҲΪ֡
֪Ϸʵ֮ⲻھơ
˼ǡ;⽭Խϴ֣ʵ߲ܼˣû߰ԭ򣬴Ҳö롣
ڲν٣ɴСȨĲνܴﵽƷʵǧҡ
ֻǮĲνȻƷ޶Ա
ʵְĿЭˡӹûʵְľֻǸƺѣ˭Ҳᵱ¡
֮ϲվڽ֮ǰ˵Ժ˳ٹڵҲѡɡ
˵һҾҪϴ֡
һݣڳȫһãȻҪ˵Ĺػʱȴ˿࣬Ҳ˵
Ҳ⣬飬Ҳû˹أֻȴԶһȣ
ֻſһ˽ȶеһߴӣֳһɫ죬׺鱦ʯ
һչñ⡣
һ֪쵽ˡ


689 ɱϣϣ
ճһɽĴ֮һǧʷǴ˽ô˵ΪɣŲýϴ֣˫ֲ¡
ڳȺȫĪ֪ɽ˵Ϊ
һᣬҲ޷ʦ̫ŵҲȰݻȴ
ճ֪Уȴźܴõġ
˵Ҳ˵ˣˣָ֦ͬҿ϶ǵӵġ
ȻҲָһЩС£ϵɴҲûС
ȥǰ취ֻ˵Ǿλ˭Ҫߣںɽ̻һգĳɽɵʦֶֽԭί
ʱúдһСŮιǸôģҰ˭һܵô
һ˵ҰţҶ˵һᣬȻߡ
÷ԺȻ˸ռˣҾҲ˿жɡ
ŭµΪȥ棬ȴ˴ȡҪסҵľһˡ
˼ʮſ
ȫɫҲǲȻŭ׼ǿϴ֣졣
ȴ߳һˡ
λˣŮڵȫѺ˳
ÿ˺վһɽӣذ׶סĸһ㱻˳
ճʮǣƲ͸˼ȻҲڣͬıذ׶סģЩףǱ˴һ١
ŮһʮģһľŹ֣ʱüݣﻹأͣ
˿Ų˳ճϵŮˡ
һʮ߰ģŮӣȴᾲ񣬴ʱҲǻݲҵ
ӦþŮݼк˵Ůûòһ֯쳹ȦС
ǣʱȭֱ֣ûһǰУ֪᲻ûϰ
עĿһʮģкȴǱˣʹޡ
СǲãλŮҲ磬ؾˡ
ճǰ̫ʦϣһֱĬĬĿ㷽ҵǳʱȻЦˡ
ʦ֣ʦܣ֪ôһµģôҲ׽ȥͲ±ЦЦֱȴ̫ʦϵ
ҽڴˣҲⲻ˰һԩ
ʦ֣ͱȡЦˣҶʦʦ˵£ȴûһ˿š˵ɽôҲ˼Ҿ졢ŵ飬ҵȺ֡ûκΣֻԼ־ˣѧղûоͱ˷ŵˡ
ţҲѹ֣޺ƽɽĴˣһҵǱǿ࣬סҲ
ճЦһȻѺסԺҾڻΪ֮ˣ˵ʦ֣Ȼڳ˭ĵӣҰ˼Ҿ죿
ⲻ£ݵ֮£ѵ㻪ɽɻΥɣ
һɱڵĿճһۣٴеأ˭ܿ顣
ճЦЦʱתʦ壬˺ϴһӣЦ֪ɲԽң
龪ѿڶô֪ģ
ͱˣȻԼֻ᲻ýˣţּɣҲҪڣ
չջЦʦֶҪǺɽУѾ˳û㣬ּɣһȴǾѧ˽
ճ˵ȷӵ
ƽĲ书θǿԼ裬ϧǣڽдżɲδҲ͡
˼ֻںǺɽɶѵõĽ֡
ڵٴڱֻ¾鼺ǲѡ
ճôһλֿԼ֣ϲھҲ˲϶Էô֪Լ˹Ц飬¾ͲһΪ֪
󲻻磬ҹУһñ죬ͺȲʣҲѿý
ճˬ죬ҲЦãʦȻǺһָϺˣʦֶҪҲܴˬ죬ҲͲˣѧѻҪġգͱլ£ϴִ󹦸Ρ
ճվֵ룡
ϵĽ裬浴ˮ
ܱͼڼҾ챻ɽѺԺָźģȣ»кܴ鷳ˡ
֪ʲôǵɽɰ죬ʲô飬̶׶༪١
ڰвɵʱȴճҳһŪóʮֹŹ֡
ѵҽ⣬ʲô׽ĺô


690 ɱϣУ
ѧʲô⣿
Ҫϴְɣǿɽ磬Ҫвһ֣
۷׷ףȫĬĬĹţյ鶼Щ벻͸ǻɽҽͻȻ׺֣Ȼɱˡ
ŹֵŪһСɽڵɱȻѧ֣Ҫѧѡ
ڳȺֱоԼЩãȺҲüͷճ֪Щʲô
ճʲôȺȥ
һԭȻΪҲܲţȥӣϡ
һԭͺܼˣȥѧŶӾľ񽣣Ҫ书һҪλµӣʱĻ޹ʳܽŪﲻ죿
һԼбסļˣٿճһһҪַ֮С

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ϴ֣ɽٶɣ˵ļ֤֮¶̫鷳
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練һָɨֽ档
ֻһƺߣʷǴ紥һгȻ˹ȥ
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˫һﬡһǽͶϳأڵϡ
ꡱһضϽûʯ档
ĳӴר;ٲʽ£ҲٶúɽѧΥ˽
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ǼԽԽԣճѣ֪ҹζ࣬ɴ಻ٹ˼ˡ
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֪̾ϢŽдӴһλ֣̾Ϣȴշӭûڵĳٻº
ۼ䶨ݶݡһ죬һӰֱƷ죬ǿ
ճһ𣿡
ԱԹۣʱҲָһһСʯӡˡһײϮĳ֮ϡ
ײ䡣
ʱѰ쵽֮С
ããʦϴ֣󹦸ɣӴ˳ٹͷѪӣҲǿϲɺء
ճŰص
ڳϡϡļǸճġ
ߣ˳ŶûУ
ݶˢһּʮˣֳΡ
̧ȥмһǿһθݣͬһ˫򣻶ұһӥǱɭ䡣
ɽʮ̫㡢½ءѱȻһ뵽ˣ˼ʮӣҪʲô
ڳȫĪ
ʦ֣ħ̳ύӶָӣıԸ̸ɣʱ˳ȴǳˡ
䡭
һƬ
ɽˣ˵Ļľ
ɫһ䣬æʲôܣûе¡
أ˵ûύѱɭɭʵ
ཻѵõֵ֪ҲʲôıϹϵ
ճ̾Ϣһҹȥȴ粻Ϊɽһʵˣһʣʲô˵˳Ѷᡣ
ֻɽȫЦ
ѱֵǽȥɱħͷҲǲϵˣ
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ϾͺãɱħͷǾǲɺͼ˷ˣҪ֪ȫɾһ֮䡣
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ߣ
һֱ˶УϲһԵճ̧ͷһӣһʯַ˳ȥ
һȴǰײ䳤ʯͷͬһ־ͷХ
޵ĳոմӵıͱһӰײС
һ죬ǳȻĽأŵ޵ɶֱ壬Ҳһɾײ÷ڰվѪ磬žһˤڵϣ鴤
Υ죬ɽӣ
ָճŭȵ
Ա½ȴһеƽ֣
֮Ҳ۽붡㻥Ϊǣճ˹סĳֽǶȡ
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ƽгб٣ǰݼһ£ӾҪն롣
Ҫ
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ʱȥȣȴѾˡ
ɺǰ붯־ˣճҲͣʱƽٶ֣һǰ壬ȥƣȴҲסƽȻһۼݼλĴͻᱻһϡ


691 ɱϣ£
ɱˣɽɺôӣ˭Ȩ󵽿Զɱģ
ճȴǲǰ壬һͲɣܿ½أ˽ϴֵԣʱȴǸѱУá硱졣
Ҳս֣һһߣǰڵµһؽ͵ߵáһ˳ȥ
ƽһһ룬ɫ˾УͻȻͣͷ­΢΢Ϳճ߹һؽȴǳ۾һ㣬䴩ƽüģԲ˫Ŀ͵
ذвס˵߰λɽ󺧣ҲҶ֣ȫֱ۴
Ҳ࣬ȴǱɱˣᣬճ֡
ƽһ£ѱҲƴˣսȦ˼ĵ㾹ȻɱɽɵӣˣҲһס磬Ҳħӹһ𡣡
ճУ֪ɽ˶ţ練˿档
ѱھһñ˹ȥڳȺȫΪȻ˭֪˫ҽɱħ̺˴Ӳʱȴûмţͬʱɽɶ˺жЩġ
ڳˣ˭żСɽôŪɱ˼СҪЮħ̻Ҫ׺ݣǻô߽
˷СɻɱҲˣֺαǣ棿
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693 ɽӣУ
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ֻ΢΢һ𣬾Ͱճϸ޿ײĽȫȻһжա
ص
ȺһХһɨգһֱֱ䡣
һգǰɲתԲڣַԲɡ


697 £
ճȺĽҲȥֻǻһޡǰĽ⡣
ײһ˺
ȺսվԭأϲƱƺĪ״˼֮ȥˡ
ʱŷ֣ҲãҲãжŴѧʣǵĽǽ˾ˣ˽һ塣
Ϊ壬ΪãὣͷͨһͻأĶһ޼᲻ݣη޲⾳
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Ⱥֱонһ㣬ὣ֮ʱǣԺ֡
ƽѧֽҲܴҵӪһȫƷؽ
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ʱٸȥһȽܲڱ˰ɡȺȻŹֵ뷨
عҰճȥȴԭس̫ˡ

ճȺڶ֮УҲȥţ֪ԴԺ˵ὣҾһ
ҲὣͨҲࡣ
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Ⱥʵɽɾճ֣Ҳɽֵ̫ˡ
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ԻǳȥɢģʵΪܻ
ɽʱеĶȫһ֪᲻һ

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ľǰƺУһλ߰ƮƮȫעԸ٣һλԸ̬İ꣬ɢɢһ׮ϣһߡ
ĿӣȻһЦлġ
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ճԶԶĶһô棬һҲͣСѾͷ̡
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ȻûĥԣȻǻúöӡ
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̲ܳȥһȻ
ת˵飬ƺңԶ;һΣسӢ̡
ճֻоܳȥЦˣİҲᡣ
ͷһȴСѾͷʱ˫۶ĿŽż⣬ɫҸﻹ૵Ľ衣
üһСٲѹסǧתĵУһɾУԶԶľפϸ̴š
ճȫתԺоƬ¼ÿһϸ΢֮
ˮ߲Ρ
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Ȼѣȴоʪ⣬ͷһСѾͷǿ޵ϡﻩ
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´ôƽ˾񾳽ûȴаѾ̺Уɢ˳ȥվЩס
һδɵİӣֻ֪ʹ֪ͻ˵ǡ
Ҫָ͵úúý
ͬʱ߿ƺ߰٣֧߰ͬʱ࣬Ʊ׳Ѫڣ޲ܲ衣
ճȻվ𣬱ĿϸԽԽߣֻڸ֮ϣԽԽͣǱغס
תͻ߽нԶտţǡĭڽ
Ц
ԶԶ
ģ
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ͻȻָ֣תһˡһһѪɱ֮
һ纮Ĵȸ𣬺ˮҲơ
ߵͬѧǱһȴǱŵˡ


698 ƣϣ
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ءĴһƵٲ
ճЦּ˵ųƵǡЦ£˭Ӣۣʦ壬ֻܽСЦ
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ǣⵯ֮ɱֱ֮ʬɽѪ֮УƺǸոյġЦ̣ȴȫֻͬ˵һǸʿһȴѪ򡣡
˵ճգϲλҲ⽣Ĳ˰ɣʦ壬ϴֵգŪôһ֣ɽ˻Ķӣ˵ǸͲҪͿɹã־ԡ
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Ȼѡ˽·͵ֱѪȵľκӱ̶Ǵġ
ճִ磬ûô˴ҪǿΪ籣˿һЩܼ顣
ЩԥĿԼүү֪ôش
ճ֪һʱ᲻ˣ͵ҲһʱˣɽԸƲһɽμӾžɽͽ䡣
ŵΪ˳Ϊ塢ꡢ˼ϵһЩϵȴ˺ɽתĪ£ʱɽŷǰʦ
ΪǶѧ˺ɽڹתݱЩʺϡ
ƲλӵûйϵʲôҲûѧֻǴ˻
μճ磬ȫɽɣ͸ճС
ȺҲѾŵЩӵ˻ɽɽһͬʣܲμ׽ϼ
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˸ճصɽׯǣ뿪
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ںѾ˰࣬ΪѧһѧһЦ
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һΣͺһö¾Žȫòļƻ


699 ƣ£
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УճҲϧļڻɽ£̶ʱ͹˺ɳʱȴҪࡣ
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ճԶԶţȥˣȴŮٶȸ죬ͬһưƮһһͱͯһԶ㿪
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ճȲʣЦЦһ룬ͻȻһľѾֿһֺܲгĶƺʲôԾ
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ֲ㾹Ȼ׷ǧͤôֵЧңҲҫгҲòΪƾһʮѪ̾ץסң̫˰ɡ
˵ĻճҲʮö
˳ƺüͷ΢΢һ壬֪ԭ̵ڧ
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¸Լûϵû´ĻӯӯλĳĹ书ӦҲû˼ֲȥ
οṦʮԾ֮ͬƲʣȻҲһżΪϳ书


700 ֪٣ϣ
ֲȻޱ飬ӯӯҲһҲüķƣԵʮı㣬˹˵ʥãνãڽλޱȣҲýෳţֺαִ뿪أǸһȥɡ
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ӰɽһѹӯӯĻɴƿһǣ¶Ŀ
ճһȥŮüԶɽӯӯﲨƤ񣬴ʱȻɫЩ䣬Ծ˿Ʋ۾
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701 ֪٣£
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702 ϣ
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ճ˲̵ľѵѾԿĹ
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ˣʣһͬ˰ǰϯǽĵȴǸƣ˺գۻճҲѪЦ߸裺סһЦ

ֻǽ
ԡЦ
׷ϳ
˭˭ʤ֪
߿
ӯӯһƺһλʿ裬£ѪӿࡰءţŽ춯ֱӺæɿѹס˿ڵ֣ݺݵİڸʵظϡ
һ̣޲Ÿ裬ֱ߷ݡ
ò׾ȫƽϢԼҪȥȴһĸȾ̲סϸڻޱߺ֮С
ֻԸԸѡ
ǽ
ӯӯ̧ȥȴǳɱºӣֲɱɽģһܵ;ȫþȫ
žžУ½½˽ըѣѪһͷȥʱճڶ仹δꡣ
ѪҺ౬ˣ
Щ˵״ӯӯûľֱںδ
Щ˴þɻ÷棬ѪĴҴܡ
ֲͷҲأոճ嵽УǽŲһ٣һѪ¶ʹ˷ܵı顣
ǿѹסѹҪӽĳ嶯Ҳ˲·ľֱֱɽ
µɽֲйٱҲܵһֻϱ֦ѪڣңңȻԾĶҡѪȣȴѾӰģŴ˿
ͷһľҡһ³˳
ߣʮѪ̵ͳ죬һֻһ֮ңɫľṦ
ңһôӲɣӦˡʱӣӵôѡ
ˣֲȻУһɽ־ſڵأ·ûˡ
һˣѰ˨ĵطһ·ȥһ̶ͣ
˭УºӲŴһ˹żֲһ壬æʵ
Ѫֻɱˣ߽ӦҲģ϶ʱڳһֶĻɽ
ºʮҵĻһĺɫеСɽ룬˵ô˵ǸմӺ뿪˵Ϊѧ＼ɱɽ仨ˮԭΪѧֻһڣû뵽ѧ˲Ķ
ǰ׹ӣƽȻǴȻҽҪʮ
ֲٻͷû׷ڷŻ٣Ȼʥ￴ǲ׷ˣ⣬ԻɽɵķɱжͣǵҲȫߡ
ºɻ̧ͷ
ֲЩȻҲ˼˵Լֻǵû˫û׷˼Ǹһӣ򣬾ƾɽṦ˵ӵõӲ
ĸִĺ˵Ǻɱ¾ĸ֣׷·µš
ֲȻͳ켸ǧˣλȨأҲȺӲ
ţ˻̳ЩԴȥԸԼͲˡ
ˣȥúþӪôս
ܹһ鱦ȥܺŪùȥ
ܹܵȨʱֵ类սÿѹô˾ʹǧҾ˭Ը˭
ֲͤ˵ȨϲӶ࣬ˣԽǸգһˡ
Ȼ׷ȴǱȥú飬ܹܹǿɾ군
˷úͰ׻û߰ٵսӢˮáȸááõÿڣΪϷӭͤúŶȡˡ
Щ³Ůñȫ
ֶ֮ͤңĺ
ֲ˸Ҳ︹ֻ̣Ǽȥ


703 £
ճһڽ裬ֲɽȥҲȥ׷ɱ翴ЩɫıʣһֻӵˣָжĵұţҲ쵼£̸ǶԻɽɸкô
ɱˣ´λһĴɿηսˣ˷
һЦճҲ⣬ֻԼ£Ȼһ˳ȥ̾Ϣ˷ţֻܶԸ֣ӦһȺԸֵôǺܴ󰡡
꣡ԱӯӯЦ˵ҴûܰһֶѪֵġʨӺ𡯣䵱ġħ̵ġҲֻ˵ְˣ㾹Ȼ֪㣿
ӯӯʱŴѹ̾׷ȫŷ϶һ˿Ѫɫ
һôϣְбһӽڵϷն졣
ճ֪ٺУԱйҽĹңӯӯĳ̽ƽҲǴ棬̽Ѿɽ·;ѾڣҲͷȥҡ
ӯӯҲܼɣֱ⿪·ӺȡɾɴüͷʹԼˡ
ճ͵ۿȥȴĸ˿ѾѪȻǱѹס˿ڡ
ҿʱӦܿ죬ذⲻû˵ȻѰ졣
ڣЩⷭĵڣѪģճҲ졣
߽Ů˾Ǳ뺷˾͵һҲʹﰵ棬æУ˿úѿİ̺۵ġ
ӯӯ΢죬ճһۣǿž˵İֿ̺ۣ˭һ۾ĶţҲ֪ת
ⲻŰ֣֤˺úۼԭһϸ⻬ЩΣ˵˰䣬Լ˵ˣɲСʦã⻰Ѿ˵Ϸɡ
ȻӯӯҲЩסַԷˡ
ٴŮʵҲŮˣ֮£Ầߡ
ճտڲԣȴѾͳССҽҡ
ոû뵽Ů֮ȥȻļѰ⣬Ҳ¶˴롣Ѫܵģ˵ʵڵģһ˻治뵽аȥԷ˹ɫҲһ
˳ҽճҲϿݣΪȡĺð취ҲȽϻϲ˲ȫ¶Цݡ
ЩĴҽľԲ˺ͼ֪üΪһڵҽεĲ󣬻εľ
ԣֻҪ̫鷳ᶯҽΣѾΪ˱ܡ
ĳЩʱѾһˡ
ԣһ̣Ѿһˣһҽֻ˲ɫ࣬Щտ޵ɮҪֹˮ
ɣӯӯѰײһͷ΢΢ƫһԣҲ̫ҿˣͦıӲ΢΢塣
ճϸĵķˣδС㲢ǲʹǿš
ķӯӯбڲϣΪøɣüʱ䶯Ӱ쵽˿ڻָ
˵ƻָУôһӰأճƷʽͬ˵ҽģʵѾҽķ룬һЩζ
ɹ˵ճǵһذ룬һɰ𣬴Ѩλ֮̾͸Ӧͬ
˴ļѪɵĴ̼֮£˴ҩһ㣬³´лһӾͼʮϰٱ
ǵȵϼҲżȥںһ壬һº೤첨ơ
ӯӯڳԪҲһӿ֣໥Ӧ֮£˿ںת졣
ճ꣬ͷð亹ҪסͻȻֵڷģ֪δСȫʲôЧ
һµûо飬ȷ̫дҺû⣬бҲǺõıʡ
ճӦǻ˿ڼۿɼٶѸտڣϸ΢ѿҲǰ𾪡
ʱңųƵҽɡճĿ˿ڣЩʧ
Ƶҩҩ˿֮ϣҩеʱӯӯգʢ˼֣ŷ
ɹĵѪ۷ľٸĳһ
֮á롱ֻΪоƬ۲⣬׼Ѩλд̼ԷЧҲӦ
ǰ֮ûзãַԲǲܶϤ΢û
ؼأȥ죬ȥ߷᲻һȥʹȫѪѿϱ


704 ݴϣ
ճԺһЩ룬漴ҡҡͷǹҲܻʮֲ꣬̫ࡣ
ѱֲ˥ȥô֮Ҳ϶ƣ޼Ԫ
ԼΣ죬ҲֻܼӿٶθССֱ۱ϣûñ˳һġ
ˣ㻹СһƣӦˣɴҲһҽ˰ɡ
ճ̧ͷЦЦһ˿⡣
ոĵʱ򣬷ӯӯΪ֣ƺϼ໥һһ㣬һȼ
һֱСٿǹһ뷨ҡ
̫ˣúúоһ¡ճƺоʲô
ҲӯӯЩɻճͷ˫ưĺ󱳣ȴˡ
ӯӯǿСѿѾŤͷһЦ˵ԼҩģͲúķ˰ɣһʱеˡ
￼ǵõʮ꣬Ҳϳճ˭ʱ˵ʮȻȻϢҲͨ
ճҡͷºЦµģֲŵˣʱĻв۵ĸģǵ㱡һС
ӯӯòףȴҲûʲôε˵ͷƽľϢ׼ճˡ
ȭܵˣʵĻá
ճȺ֮󣬾һ㡣
ͬͣʲôôһ㡣
һȵɫһ룬͸Ӧһӭ߷ںһһԭһ㣬˷ϯ
ˣ
ճܡ
оͬĺһԾűţϢۣںϳһɫƱڵľˣԶ졣
ԷӯӯҲճϴѨճǰͻȻһã
оȫůģԺһԺһĴ֮С
ϵδͨѨλžžнͨ߰˸ƽʱѾỶϲòѡ
ʱ֪ιʣֻͷһůͷֻǳŲԸת
ǹϢתܲҶתţš
˺һᣬճת
ȵķ֣֪ʱԼ˫Ѿǰӯӯĺ󱳣ǰ§ڻסӯӯ΢΢̧ͷ촽ഥһ
δС˫۾ʱţŲĺΡ
ⳡ̫ˣճԺɲǿհס
һӯӯ۾һһѾͽճƿ
˵Щˣ⡭⣬ŪĹ
ǣճ͵йŹ֣ҵϼһɲһˣҶô¡
ˣҾȻͨ˵ʮһιͨ˴Ѩ࣬üһǿҪԡճưһ죬Щζĵ
Ĵ࣬δ
룡ӯӯü۾Ĵɨŵ棬ȻԼٺС
ٺﻹнء
ճһĵˣ׼ýƴˣæͲҲýƴɡ
ӯӯһۣҩ˭ͷƴִ򲻹
˵ŻзȻǶúˡ
ճԼڵʱΪȱǶˣ϶ҲӪĶ
ӯӯٺУȡڽ޲סֻСƿСһƿУҪȥ
룬ȡһƿ˹ȥҲһƿɡ
ǱѪľƣϴκȹ屦۾ƻҪ࣬ңƾ͵ꡣɽ̵жȻҲ֪
ϧԴӵ֪ȥƾѾû˻ˣЩʡźȣҲʣƿӯӯ˵ŻЩ˵Ľҿľһ
зһĻζճһŵ͸оԼѪҺһɿ
֪ѵõĺöҲУûиӦΣգѧӯӯѾƿ򿪣һ
Һ븹һӵ
Ρڡ֥һº÷
ճ˫ϸϸƷζžζƵԭϼ򵥡
žҺգڵĵѪ֪׳󼸷֣һ⡣
ճǼΣȫ¶ɢ˵۷ҷϸĸӦ֮£ֹھ羹Ȼͻ˱ڡ
ֻһƿƣҵĹΪһС磬Ƕõı
ճʮ𾪣ѹӯӯⶫЯţ;ж֮
ʶҩƿʵģ˱Դõߣϰ°빦ӯӯ΢̣ƺ˸ոձճǹˡ
Ҳ֪治ǿװ⡣
ճһζζҩͻеľҲβס
Σԭͺ֪
ƻһƣٻơ
ʮ˾ﵽһ־磬һսƥмֲһ֣ﲮ⡢׺˶ҪǿʵҲȫ츳ˣ־Ҳǹû
Ҫ֪ǻɽŵ˾˵壬˶ʮ֮ʱûͻһѾƵǽˡ
ȽӯӯٶȿЩˣûôҲӦá
Ȼճȴһ⣬ֵԳ֮
ճ̧ͷӯӯжð̹ˡ
ŮĪǶ౦ӲɣûãԼõھΪҲһΡ
޸Ұɣճϵ˵ƺ쾭塣


705 ݴ£

ӯӯʧɫǰճ˶ٽ֮û𺳣ɫһףʮ˵١ңҾͲˡ
ԼҲЩ֣ƽ˵˵򲻴ùȾͻὣˡ
ʱȴֻǾʮίﾹȻûжŭ
ӯӯɫЩȻ˵žҪת뿪
ճ̾һĵԼǺͿˡ
˵ʱִᣬҲû˻ֱܵȢȷƵһᱡˡ
ӯӯУճİˣճλŮȴǰֱò죬˫Ĵ۾еһɲǼںΪһ壬ѡ
һǸոǹǵĻ鼤Щʧ̬ˡճĬȻһᣬЦǾȲ˵£춼ˣʱﻹܸ·Ҹܷ紦һɽȵȣȥҵԵġ
˵껰ճĶһ㣬μУľɪɪȥԶˡ
ӯӯ԰׵ϲ֪һ˿Ц⣬һճʧķԶɽһ˿΢ӳµĴ󽭱ͻȻЩã
ǰ֣ʱӦǱ佭Уϡ
ǧٿףȺħ裬ȥ̷ʦֶӣԶ뽭ǣϢǵпܱѺ׸ҵȳأ
һɽ紵ӯӯ˽ϵƺо⣬˵֣˼⡣
Ǻһ۾ͷʵûѺˡ
ûõģбѺףжֻݾߣ˼ֻҪָͷͻˮ࣬˲ɷɺˡ
Աһ
ӯӯ󾪣һϲҲ˲ճʲôʱˣһѾץסֱʵ֪ҵģ
֪һ֮СճȤĿɫһж¡
ոɽҵԼҵӯӯİ
˩úŰɽ·ϻ˳ִ˼ֻɽʱѶַ£һԾϪˮ׼͡
ΪԻԣճҲԼʱͷʱŵϻ۾ˮȴǼ١
оƬɨʮɣ֮̾ڣҹճ۾ʵû̫
ӯӯУȴֻޱ档
ʱȻ̫һ㣬ֻһʵ֪ģĸλã㵹ǿ˵ʱĻ˼Է
ճЦ𼱣ôˣٻҲȥο֪ˣҲȲ
뵽ʱӦѾ̽ε飬ıԮδ˵ӯӯҲûʲôϵ˶ãҲ֪ġ
ӯӯ˷ܵʧ䣬ճ˵Ϣ֮ҲеѴ
÷ׯļλؿɲʲôܱܰôҪ񣬲˵ģһ书ͷͬСɣħʮҲ˿
ӹڰӡͺ̡ʱûСѡĳƺȫ̵ˣΪ黭ɢˣΪƽ̫ɢΪϲڽҲǿпޣλ̫ߡ
ǻûʵȨ书ȴһҲҪͻƣǾѳɹģӯӯûаմӮһˡ
һΪҲܺأû뵽ȴ˹ӯӯ޺޵˵
˵ѵ㣬ĸ书жߣǴ÷ׯŻأֱͨصסֻҪ˷ٺ٣ɾ鷳ˡ
ճ˵
ɱȡ࣬ϴȴûȥëȻڼϾˮѰһЩʪ࣬ϪˮѼֻɽϸϸ
ٵһ׼ˡ
ܰ𣿡ӯӯֻ۾ԺͿһգգĶճ
ңճĻͷһӯӯͣпĶŮѧúܿ˵µֱ룬һ㶼ί
ͻȻЦǻɽӣ𣬾ǴȥɵͽοԸҲ֪һ϶ɱá
Ǿ˵а취ҵӯӯһʵ
ֽһ㣬ȣȫûע⵽Ů֮
ճŵϵζЩԳ
ⲻصòãһа취룬ٽ֮һЩٸһ㣬ֱӹ÷ׯʲô
ӹǳ֣סɱţȴȥءο֮£Ҳûܹ飬һ£ȫɱ㡣ӯӯһ£˷ܡ
˵ѵ㣬ǾԵ⻹Ҫڵڶλλʵβ˵ķͬʱ½ѡ
Ҫλһͬʱ£ѶҲ̫ˡ
ôſɰҾȵӯӯ̳ȻǲµСŮÿһ˶ҪĶ
һȻˣʮְԵʵʮºУǵһμ棬ȴʼոһֺϤദζ
Ҳֱճԭ


706 ؽϣ
ӯӯһճЩѰˣĲųУȥҲֻҪŪǴ󷨡
λɵν꣬ճԸġ
Իɽħ̵Ϊִˣû̫ĸͬܣôԼǻɽӣܲƨˡ
ӯӯ˵»治ð죬ȥʦ϶Żġ
ճ
ûʲôҪģӯӯһŵͷϸϸճɫ
ٲĻɽɵ飬Ҳ֪ɽ˫Ϊ
˵Լ˶̫ͽܶվˣûбɽţôʦɵӪ⣿
ճ̧ͷŴƵһ˿Ц⡣
û˵ӯӯ;ֵⰡ˵˵Ҫġؼҩ֮ģֻҪŪֵģһȫԸ
ճϲεЩʧЦƾڽ޵ЩóĿûмܵõʲô
˵ӯӯͲҼƷõ书ߵ£ûɻԼճһϧ
ΪҲ밡ҪȵֻںľĵطշһЩţܱûҪãһƵµģҪʲôҲܡӯӯƵĵ
ճ˼
ӯӯںľʵһܶȨ֮󣬿ʼʱͷԻʮѵģͼԡ
ΪչʾԼûɱУǰνŮһ߸ϵλ
ʥãǺߵݡ
һ˵ʥʥŮĳƺʵǽѡˣôǺܴģշһֵܵġ
Ƕ⣬ԽԽ̸̬иɻλʱҪࡣ
·ʽɼһߡ
ʵأӯӯʥʲôȨҲûС
λǸһ㣬ɵʲôȫλֲ֧֧֡
ǰЩ꣬Ϊ£ӯӯ˵һЩͤȨ֮ʥõĵλɾˡ
첻£Ų֣ɶһ⡣
Ҳѹ򵽽ϵɢˣҲǲѶΪ֮һɢɳվûôʹαֲ׷վǹ¼ҹˡ
ճЩĿӯӯһۣ˵ؼҲûҪģ㻹òһĶҲֵðѵķȥȳ
㲻˵ô֪òأӯӯüӢʱܿʥŮķɡ
׽õ𣿡ճЦе˵

ӯӯЩܻŭĵⲻǿ̱䣬ôõ֡
ⱾҵаûʲôĵıˣˣɽҲˣȳԡ
ճ⻰˵Ǵʵ
ϼ񹦵ֱ֣ĵ·Ѿ̺ãҪɹ
أʵҲѧò࣬λȥŪ¾ŽȻãŪҲûʲôˡ
ֻҪõɽʽһЩۣܽɡ
ԼĹΪûҵʲôð취ʵѾ
׽ȴǾȻͬǴӸϸıʵһ񹦣֣֪ԼĹΪкܴô
㾭ǱѪ׽ܹǿȣⶼġ
Σܹ屦ٶȿֶ⹦ЧȴʲôȲ˵ġ
һʱԣĬĬĳԹ͸ԵϢ
Ѿڳֻܼһ£Уƽ̨ϡ
ճƽ̨ڵϼܸоԶԶŵӯӯʱʱۿֹ
͸һ˿ס
ɽ£ׯһƬճǣԣҪ
꣬Ҳû̫컣·Ľ̸ֻһΡ
ճϹ˹֣˻һأʹޡ
ĴӦأ𣿡һĺ
ճ͵סƥȻͷȥȴӯӯңңĪ̡
ϸ⻰ʲô˼ȴδСתͷѾȥԶˡ
ճҡҡͷҲȥ⣬뻪ɽкԶЩСʦˡ

ճڻɽ¼һдеշ룬ͷһ˿иС
˵ǣңǼҡ
ճͷңŻĸĿ⣬ɽϵʦʦã֪Լĳһ˵Ѿ׵뵽硣
ⲻǰ˽л檣£Ǹ˶һ룬ȥˣҲûжô˲粻ǻжλˣȫ쾭顣
룬ⲢСʦá
뵽ɵѾͷʱһɽ۰Ͱ͵ӣճЩЦȻԶԶվһԱǸεŮ
һճɺһջӭ˹ֵøһ㣬ճֱģɵСĵܣȥˡ
ôһȣʦ˵𣿡
ҹɽˣ͹˼ˣ˵Ҫȥһ´ʦֵĽ书ʱû޿
Сʦùճĸ첲ϣߴߴ˵ʱ仪ɽ顣


707 ؽ£
˼˼ʵǻɽõĿһõط
ںǿ˵ûôɽɳɽ˼⡣
ΪɽϯӣȺرصͽܣ弴йоأҲ˲⡣
οھ¥иﲮֵܣ¶ֳ̬Ȼǰһ˶֪ﲮⲢδɱ֡
Щˡ
˳֮ʱ书ԲߣǮƿûУһȴҪȴҪеġ
򲻹Ҫѣ㲻ʲô¡
浱ȥӭһ˵ö֮ĴĳٺãɽɵҲѾˡ
ճڻ¥ºǳﲮ⣬һɱ˽úȲʣ˻ɽɵӣȺ֪ôɽλʦ͡
ԣȻȻյܹ࣬ɾ̷̬棬ȺȴһЩӰ
ʼɣԼϼ񹦴ǲȷˡ
һ˵ĴӣܹеɽΣܹݻҵʢ˥
ЩȻܺãԵǵҪȴϸˣÿ峿֮ǰȵñʦѵŹܹǧ֣ôҶˡ
ɺͷЦ
ʲô˵ʵûглɽˣɽз
桭ճ˵һͼСʦתƣƺҪˣæ񶨵ûУûУһѧӾ͸Żɽˣȴһ̶û顣ɽ֮ǰȥ˻һˣ鶼иĸ״ˡ
ʲô飿ɺͻȻЩŤ
ţף׼ѻɽһʻȢඣճЦ˵
ɺЦ۾־ò˼æʹװںеϲȴôҲڲס
ճ̾˿֪ΪΣ˵ǸŮӣڲ֪ǲȥˣȥı׽
ʦܣѧӺ𣿡
Ȼǲģȥ˼¿ʦֵĽԺٵճЦŵҲӯӯ飬ĵװɡ
СʦһһôԶ룬˵ʲôʲô
˵ú񾭴˵òɵ
ԸĳЩûŮճȴǾú
ȫȥʲôĶǵĻҲĺԺ
չṦֱ˼£ûлȥÿλʦµˡ
ճЩУɺǲ⣬ȴҲʣֻǸһܣʲôȻ֪ˡ
ճ˵Ҳ֪ôȥ͡
ѵ˵ܷܿʯ߲ؽˡ
ûɽϣô֪ģ
һѻ˵ҪøĻѻȥԲճ֪ʱģʵҲǲѡ
ϵ˼£ճԶԶľͼȺڳѹѵš
ôõ˼ԭΪѾ˼󳤽û뵽ȻԽԽȥˡɫҰܣ٣ڹΪҲ˲㵽һʲô
ճŲɺŵ˹ȥҲżˡ
һ˵ЩʱռǹҲһҲʲô¡
ߣһɽҪĹΣϼϰ֮ʱҪרһ£򲻽ˡͻһĹؼʱ̣˲ˣպȴǵûϸʱ񲻿ϧ
Ⱥǿѹŭ˵˼䣬תͷ˵ǾԽɣ֪ںҰﲮУΪܣΪԼĽ죬򲻹Ǹ˼һ֣ԭͲܶԸģʱʱġ
Ϊ֪֮ܶ£Ի֮ԣΡ
ճɺԶԶţȴ֪¡
ɫҰܣȻ˼
ھ¥ʱͼȻˣɫȴʮܡ
ܾȳʦõ飬νʮֵ⣬ҲδԼ书Ȳﲮ·
潻սǰУȻ顣
ʵˣ취ίߣ˵˵ûıҲûʲôס
򵥵˵ʵΪԼʲôʮԺ⡣
ճʦ˵ʦֶڻ¥ûÿնȼơ
Ϊճˣÿþƺòʱ̺
¥ϰۼճնɱﲮ磬ȻǴֺûɽڵӣھ¥ڼ䣬ʵ
£ôܻ԰ﲮ¹ڻ˵˼ģӶķڹ
϶ԭʡ


708 Ϊ
ճԶԶţ²ԭ
ʱӦѾҵʯߵʽѾĻ֮ˡ
ôʹᱻȥΪƽ͵ʽûô㲵ԭ򡣡
ͷӦǣȺЩ⣬ͷʦС˫޶ԣһҲ֪ƾһ˫ĺպ˽ļһԽԽʹһɡ
ɽѾù죬Ҳûʲôֻͼ߶ںϵĽſɿĵϸ
Ӧһὣ׼С
һȻûп⴫ڹƽϰʱӲܻȺҲ˵ҪҲǻġ
ٽüϴ̨Ҫ
ͻȻɫһ䣬磬һȴôҲʹ
ֻǰȫǱƵޱȵһ۴һƸɸɾ
彩ԭأɫףϺ鶼ȴûȺɫԽԽڡ
ˣѵôʹ𣿡
ȺԽˡ
Цһ̫ˣ£ʦУ
˵žͰνʣгһչˢˢˢ߽ȥ
ͬŭһգ۾ͰС
֮ʱֱⲻȫָʹ֮䣬һõͬ֡
ף⽣죬ȴǻɽɺһԿô棬˵
ճЦŵ㵱ȻˣﲮĿ絶첻Ǽˣʮʽơʦǰһ׷ɱǸǵȻûʹо裬ȴҲ߰˷ˡ
ʦ־Ȼסˡԣ߰ģҲǻɽ
Сʦ񽣷ϼ֮Ȼ廹ǲһЩճܵģ۹ʵ˲١
һ۾ͿĽȻŹ֣ʵһЩ
֮ʱҲûлɽֻʹηηȫǰʮģ
򿴳ԣ߳һûɽ
һתֵͷһʽзǡֺֻȫ
亹ֱðƺʲôһСӭ͡ǰȫס
˵ͷһֹ߷ַʹû㲻
ƱУȴּʹһ룬˻ȥȻ˾ŷַأںʲô
ôϲ˫
ùŹ֣ȫҲЩ⡣
нƻգȻ⻪һֱ塣
˫޶ԣһ¼ɺһԻУȴͷһճʵʦܣôһиóԽԽͬˣƺƺĽࡣ
㿴ˡճЦ˵ﰵ۹ԽԽˣԺҪŪЩѡ
ɺȴ֪ճһ˫ܱйѪ֮
͵˫طȻ˫ܲ
ѪСʦȴѧģûʦ׶ΣһˣŪû˸
͸ɴ಻˵Сʦú棬Խ֮ʱ˵Լ
ã
˵ţԶƺ䣬ȴʹͬһС
һݣȵ;ȴ֪ΪΣͱббȫûг⣬ļһģ
˽һӴͱײ˳ֱظ
ɫһڣԼֵһóģһ
һʱ⣬г֮ûܵԤеæ˾Ȼղһ
˫һΪֻҪǹȥˣͺ
ƽеʱһҲǲʱƺĳ߷
ȴûϵԷȻҾ
ۼҪˣȺǰ׼ὣ񵲿˵Ľˡ
ٳ֡
循֮䣬䳶½ʣ⣬ִ̳ޱȡ
ʸĳһֱߣסһ
ʣֱһ֣ǽȴԾʺײȥƾ
һݣҺûһǽֱ󣬸ܾ棬ԭأһ亹嶼ˡ
Ļɽأȫˣ˭ĹУʲô书
Ⱥŭɶŭһв˵ˡ
ⳡԽֱĪͷβĽ߰㣬档
ǰΪķڹڵʱ䣬ȴ֪æЩʲôһûá
Ⱥһʽɻ
Ȼæңһʽͻȴ׼
ٸһ㣬Ϳⷴȴʤʮּ򵥡
ȺȻƫŰ壬ѧ۹ȴǼΪ￴ʹһǼ侫ѧ֮ȫǡ˫޶ԣһ֮¡
ӡۼΣҲû룬óġ֨֨ص
һҲ룬ĽΪý˼֮ʱܹ˾ȺŭЦǱҶҪǿˡ
˵ճԴǴӻɽıɣмѰȴУʽ֮չܣȫʧȥ˹⡣
ȺǰûеֵǼʽУֱֱɽ첻֮
ʽ˸ɸɾл̺ɱֱָҪһԴóġ
ͷһʱ֪ôش
ʲôʦԴȻǺ£ǻɽܶһЩϲɺذ
ճת˳˼æŴд
¿ɲܸˣȻҴţʯкƷ˵ôģȴ⡣
ճȴ˸ղŵľ壬ЦеĳɺһߣͷʵҲ˵ʱ䲻Сһ㶼֣Ժôܵס
ʦ˵ˣѾɽţҪɽҲżġ
ɺ˵žˡ
ӴѧỤˣɺеģѧᡭ
һֹȴԽԽС
Ⱥһ㣬ȴǵ˵ͷճ۹ҲһЩ࣬ϽѰգɺһ㣬ɲܹ
ǣʦӶԻ֮ѧûԣʦæճЦŴ
֪ҲǼˣ˻û׾ͻ쵽һȥǲץʱףŪʲôδеĳ鷳ˡ
ŹŮͦŴӳףûɽɵġ
˳棬Ⱥһͷʦλǰ˼С
ϲ£ȺҲû˼ȥ壬ֻǺڳһ£ôϲԴȥɡ
ȴ˵ˣɸֵڴŭճҲó
ȴûľȻվţûа㷴ӦӦǱճϢˡ
աף
СʦҪ𣿡ɫòҰףͻȻؿڣһѪ
ճһ㶣һ͵ǰ־ץסֻԼһ̽ˡ
ԭСʦðҪ׵Ϣﱯˣ֮±Ѫ𣿡ճ۹һ䡣
˭֪ԱһֱԼŮ⣬ﶼ
ȴǲԣŹǰȺ˵ʦֻǸո˾̫Ϣᣬ³һѪûˡ
ͳһ룬һ£͸ȺɽȴҲסˡ
Ϊ۹ֱĿСʦãеζѰζ
ճڵסߣֻȥ
СʦôֵϲЦտȴûз״
Ⱥ˼ҪѡʲôӣֹšˮͷĪרҵûעӵ顣
ֻżУһۣĬĬ̾ϢһҲû˵ʲô
ɽֻһɫȻԭأճͷȥеĮһͻ
Իɽɶʮĸ飬һڱõĮҲٹĻɽ˥Ȼ֮飬ȴҲ̫СˡҲѹջˮܳһŭΪգԹҲ㲻ʲô
ճȻһЦԼڣɽֻԽԽãһһҲûʲô󰭡
ֹ֮˺չûȺ彣ʵԼ˽ġ
Ļɽɣԭͱ˲֪١
Ľ书࣬ȺԴӽ˽һ֮Ҳ򵽽ҪͲǵΪǣΪڽһе̬
£˵ҪоһйУԭǰ֮ˮޡ
ȻǺ¡
˵ˣһʱѪʯؽһ˵˳ڣǲǷͲأ
ճ²⣬֮Դ彣һǼ˲ѵãԵ
һǲǰľʹʧܵһԼ˴ȥ
Լ˾е˵ˡ
ӻɽɽмˣżȺͽҲֻ⿴㣬ʵԻɽֿǲôģҲΪһĻӻɽͷûô͵뷨
ֻ˼ƾʱ巣˼˼Ⱥѵ⣬Ů޸
ȥ壬ǲһʮֲͽҲһ㣬÷ͬ
ȺϲģҾϲΪһĳëӲѭ浸أҽ˾Ҫڣһ񷨡
ǣһļϡ
ԵݺͼģճĽ
Ҳ˼¼Σôңλ̫ʦ壬Ͳò
Ȼ;ѧ¾ŽҲƻԭмͱƵȥѧƵ÷ȥ̡
Ļոպá
Σܲջ񣬾ͿⳡϷݵúòã
Ž˸ɾס̳Ʒһ̰˼¡


709 
˼£ԶԶľͼ¼ŵڶڴʯϣһֻƤƺ«ڹžƣһԣƮľζճϵãǻɽ¸˳ջһ֡
ɽȻת½ŵȴȻûжǮɽȵľȻʲôƣճʮһȻûñȡ
ʲôЦҵ𣿡鵭Įʵ
û˼ֻҸСʦòճף뵽ʦֻ˼¿ాӣȺϲơճЦ˵
˵žͰо̳һӣһ˹ȥ
̳嵱ײȥǰ֣߷֣ԢأΪѽӡ
ǡӭַ͡
Ҳ룬絶ббն䣬̳ת֮˳һ㣬С
磬ʹ֮ɫһţĿ⣬һ£ںȵþƣ
õճҲ޵ûʦһСӭ͡õȴǼΪĵƵǸɸɾˮеĸҺ֮ڣ˭ģ
ߡ
Թƣбճһۣȴ
ճҲ⣬˳־Ϳеһ̳ƣҲ׹һڣһھԱʯͷϣ˵ʦ֪ΪʲôСʦѡ𣿡
ͣ¹ƵĶճͷ˵ΪԴǰʼĽһֱң˺ѧʲô书Ǵ򲻹ңûҫģƾʲô
˵Ҫô䡣
ǴճһɽΣһɷŭӿͷ
ǧ㽣ֶԸʦܣȴһѹ޿ӱܣֻӲƴȫûа취
ճ⻰ͬģһֱΪΪ֮󣬲СʦԽԽԶԶʹ
԰㶼˵ˣΪʲôۻɽڽڹúˣʲôȫƨ磬ǺǣǰӦʦ˫ֶǱλǰ̵İɣҲ룬ܿĳλǰʦһȰѧãûá
ճĻӻ֣ƺʮֿ˵ǲǲţܽҶʮлɽҾСʦǰ䣬һʦ֡ǽӲˣ͹ԹԵĸȥһ磬ףҸСʦðͷϣƵʱҪϣҪЦÿģһ˭Ƿ㼸ƵĿ
ʦܣҲ̫Сˣֻûɽվըˡ
ǰСʦǰճΪ磬붼ܴ衣
ȻӮ㶼㱾¡ҵø㣬ƽĽģճϽ͵
ãԼ˵ģҾͿĻɽøʲôͬ
뵽ʯĽƳɽʽֱ֮ľսԼֻҪʹûɽǲҳ
ͷֻʤճһΣһôЩԹСʦǰӮӣʱʲôҲ˲ˡ
Ҫڻɽ֮ϣһֱճѹš
ôһЩ˽Ϊʦֵʱǻ뵽滹һʦܣǽԼҪǿܶࡣ
ӮʦܵĴʦ֣ǻʲôϯ
Сʦ֮ԱģǴյԭɡ
ʱһЩ½͵͵ۡ
˵ʦֳ䳤һ㣬棬ûʲôֵѧϰġ
Ⱥǰʯе飬±ָΪбʱȴٿǣϡһ齣ʡ
ճ˹֣˵ɣҲ۸㣬͸ͬʦ֣ҿɵ㾴ףء
־䶼ڽ˰ֱ̣λʦֿҪһʯֱ̹ǳһ
һ־;ȫóֵһ׽ʽ˸⣬һ͵ճǰ
ڣڹҲȫ
ôճϳһ͵УҲһֱֱ̳ԽԽ
һ͵סһȴǺƣס˳һĿ칥
˽潻巢ճԣûóԼԽŭˡ
ǿң
ûɽԵУ㡣
ﻹڷźݣճԽͷȴһվͽų֣һޱľǵصֶȥ
ͬһ£ֻ·صȺ̽һ㣬˽֮ʱΪ˵Ρ
ʱڶ죬Ʈѩ
Ⱥһ̳Ȼʮ彣ÿһһѩͬɢʻһ㣬ԽʹԽ죬ѩ
£ÿһȴ׼ޱȡ
һľǿ׼̫໨ֻҪǿ죬õ޿ɵֵȺʱ˵
ȷǿ׼
ƽԼҲʮֵһУʱճóֻоƽޱľʵʲôǡ
ʦʹҲû쵽ز
ޱľˣǴ̳뷢ơ
һ̣Ҳ룬ʹʯħ̳ųʹҪޱľʵ׾١
һͬԲгڻУ£ճĽӺηֻ̹ǰ֮أŻ
˵һޱľ۴̳ʮʮ彣ҲűС
ʮལȵнһٶ˥ߣ̾ͿԷ֡
ƺ뵽Լһʤˣȴû뵽ճгƺ޾
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ҲôȥճĽֻڵڵʲô˼벻
ճһЦսˣ廹ǰŽһš
ʦ֣ѧڹģһǳ򣬱˵Ҷʮˣʮ㶼סٽһС
࣬ʱŷԭԼǰЩӹţɽδħ̳ƾƵҲֻʹ˶ѣͬʦеĽƲˣֻܳƽ
Щʧ䣬ȻƲʦܵĻɽҪôʤѵҪһΡ
תͷͼճгƹأ·𳤳ֱۣһô֦Ѿǲӭ͡
ߣһޱľ̫죬Ʋˣӭͣؾ⣬ѵƲ
Ҫħ̳ϵĹУͻȻЩҲף䣬ȴճнȻ٣ǰ֣һ֮Ѿļϡ
ʦֱֹ֣ͦ߷أʯ⽣ѧģѧ̹һЩʦܣȴľһֽˣҲô
սˣʧǵı飬ȴǺ˵ȴԽ
ҿոճУȴɭɭ仯֮£ȷϳ˽Сǣѧ˲ô̵˸ӵܣȻ򲻹ҡò˵Сʦõ۹Ǽõġ
ճ˵Żȴֹţǲ̫أǳܲסˣѧĿɾ
˵ͬ壬ʵһ㶼ûΥ
ֻ岻֪ǣճͬҲϲֹһ
˵˲ֵһᡣ
ճﵽǧֻóһЩǽٵļӳɣΪƾɽľ޿ơ
ܣ۾ӽ񹥣һ֣ȴϣĽϢֻǵ㽣˸
ճЦһ֣ǰһƮƮľʹϮĽ⣬ٴδļ֮ϡ
Цһ˵ûõģĽҶȥȥôһЩǺúøʦڹɣ˼ˡ
һҵĽʯȴкܶལûġ
뵽˵ʦܣҽȣƣӮˣҲʤ֮䣬ɸȥɽϢһ
Ŷ˼״̬ǺãҾ͵ȥϢҪܵķڷϾЩľϯ㻹óأΪɽʦ֣ɵúúøҵɣ
ճ쳤Ц
尵ҧҧһԲľͽɽѾճ˵仰ֱð̡
ճɽ;ɽʯϣԶɽɫһƽˮ
֪ʱѾɽѧϰɵĽ
ȻñŽʤԼΨһҲֻס
˵˵ȥλʦֻ治ǽصˣΪӮʲôֶζʹóΪ֮
ҵȵľȥѧƾĿı£ʯϵĽȫѧᣬȵѧ޿ѧ̫ʦҲóˡ
ճɽһĨЦ
лԵԵ
ӣɽ
ιȻճϣʹһЩɽɵĽУ󿪴ϣڻɽ֮УżʽС
ûãճΪ˸һģӵʮʱ򣬲һг
Σķ
ûϢҰʱһӮ㣬䣬Ҿ͸ɽȥơ
ãҪǵ˵ĻճҲ⣬սٽɽ
һΣ˰ʱ˳
ƣȳ֣ȴѧùˣȻ
ճķ֣ڶ̶̰ʱ֮ڣ徹Ȼɽѧȫ
ʱǻɽɵսʱɽɵĴ󿪴ϣм仹źɽɰٱǧõĽƣ̩ɽǶĵ㽣
ճ֮лһ򻨽Ӱӡ
Ȼš
ճвУԿ죬ʮеʱ򣬸оˣһг
Ц˵ʦ֣ɻǵǰ˵ʲôӽ͵õСܣСʦĴɩˣٲʲô˼ɽɣȥݼɩ
ɫǵͨ죬죬˵ʲôճ˵ɽˣٽʲôûãҲӦǱŽǰɡʦ˵ںɽľֻз̫ʦ壬Ҳ룬ǽڽôʱ֮ʱʧܣ
ֱ࣬˵û˽̽ȴֲ֪Ӻ˵
ĽУӮСӣ
һ䴫
ճԴϲĵڳˣҲҷѾıһ
̧ͷȥϢĶһˣ絭𣬰ƮƮ
оƬɨ֮УȴǷ·ƾճ֣ɫͬˮһܵԲ״
һΣոоǴδǿС


710 
ճӷһ֣͸о޵ɱֹͬˮУв졣
˵ЩǰԺ󱲶ǺͰмӣ׵ôͷһô⣬һԲϾͶֿɱļơ
ѽǺͿˣһʱһʱ˼ҷҪҲǶȥģҵݵһɣһԴ˵ڹƨĿɶӡǰһǿ϶ǺݺݵĽѵңһٶĴ
ô£ʱѧĻɽЩʦʦʦʦһźҪλá
ڻɽɽȥǻʱ⡣
ճڮٽڣǾʥˡ
ճпģϷû뵽һţʱȻع֪Լȴùˣʹޡ
æһ˸ÿǱŷ̫ʦ壬ʦ˵ǰѵУȥɽ߷˼ΣȴԵһ棬ռţ֮
ߣ黬СӣȺ̳ͽܣҲһһףһף
̫ʦ壬ʦͽܣʦ̵ġЩεһС˵
ŶСѾͷǼƽºݾʵ̫ϲСŮȴǺܿɰôҲͽˣôӣȺظһô̻ܽɽ
ճһúգ˵һҲûԴԼɽȺȷǲù̵ܽˣֿ⣬ȫޡ
Ҳûкôٻɽɱ֮ǰȴǿ࣬һþһʧ²𣿡
˵⼸仰˲٣˵ճΪͽܣǹƲȥɱĵȥӰֻǰ˵СӣСѾͷͽܣҲСҽڽȻ뿴ôָˣʶһ£ָ㡣
壬Ҳ̫һСôʦܴú޻֮˵ɽɵϯӣȴ̫ˣҲѹϱܣǰ衣Ǻˣá׺աʹʹһСաʹؽʽǡǰհˡһա
ͷ㣬һ˵˶ʮС
˻ɽʮһʽ˳һϣĽУʯʧļлɽ߼ʽǰȴʹڷſ˵ƹơ
ճЦӯӯվһҲţЩԺоƬһȻ˷ͷʲô
Ǹȫͬһֽߵǵý·ӣȻ˵˶ʮУʵѾһС
ԺĽзݱһܶʼԲתĽУճ¶˷ɫת˲ѹ͸ãȻһ㲻м
˫ֱضɫ޿޲ɣƺЩʽȫϡ
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ճòʯͷһ߸ߡ
ȥȴû㵽ͷȻܵƾһͰȫס
ĻǰһУٳɷƤӵ´ȫùװ׳ȫ壿


711 綯
ճһʯͷȥһʱûа취
ԼסԲû뵽ͷһкݵġ
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ճü˼͵һţͻȻЦҸ͵͵ֱӽΣֲ˼ҷֵģ
뵽ʹҡڵž̳ɽ
ת䣬ԶԶľͼŷ˵ʲô
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ڷ¾ŽҪǿھĽʽУȴνĶ
ʤСľǰиûˣнбʵĻַһݱԴ
˿ھ÷ԳƵ񽣣ûлôУǾѧ˻ʽַҲֻǶʩЧ򭣬Цӡ
ճ뵽һ㣬ЦԼɵ
ʵ˼άä㣬żȻ͵͵ˣȻǼùΪ
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ѧñ廹ҪЧʡ
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ճؽʣתͷȥͼϦ֮£ɽڳˡ
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ʮЦʦܣ㻹ӮҪҸȥɽ¾ƣСʦһɩҲĸԸ


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ôһﲮǵˣͬʦܡŭ
ͬʦܿ㲻ʲôɣҲ¾ʦʦﶼжҪԷ̫ʦ巢ģȻһ治ˡճ˵ųɽ
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ÿһεıԶǱɴܣûпӵԷȫò
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ͷתнѭصĹ켣УͷðȺ
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·ǸǽУһɽһӣѹ
һ߽Ӱһ߽Ʋβν䣬͹ʮһС
ճʮһֻɽ⾳ȫʹ꣬徹һжûƵ
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Ҳû뵽ΣԴʮô¾ŽϱʹûмƲ˵С
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磬Ƶ˵ʦܣŽòô죬ҲӮҰʮпǺܿҪˣԹɣ
ǿδءճһͻȻͱˣһϢĴ̳ٶȿӰ


713 粽
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һ̣ճûκβ˽Ĵ㣬ڵﵤתԲȣӲӣѪֱ̲ͬ񷡣
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Ľѹճ֮ʱӴһ壬Ҳֻжȥ첻ɰв
̫ʦ壬õǽɣɵúܣһҲᡣ
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714 һ
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赭д˵ţݹž޲ƺָֻͷƽճȴԽҴ⡣
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ճǵһͽⶼǿԼĶ֣нһ׹⣬ֻط֮УǺॡԽԽ졣
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ƮƮƿ֮зءХճǽƴ̳֮ʱϢս֮һƬ
·ܲһƬ꣬˴

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һ̣ľ־Ѫȫ뱬עΪһ壬нԼ˼ά졣
ǰ治Ÿɽ󺣣ƺһ̴


715 ϣ
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οѵһܵ֡
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ճ״̬һ۾ͿԿ


716 £
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Ҳ˲ϸϸۿּԱһд֡ųų˷羡ƻɽ
ȺȫһҲȥϸǽαƣֻʯϿµĻɽʽ¶
Ⱥָ΢΢֪ʯͼ
ǽʮʽţжɽȺԽԽ
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Ⱥֻǿ˼ۣʹϲȻǱ߽ʮʽ֮Խǿڣǿϵ괫׽ΪСֻµӺԼݣ


717 ɱأϣ
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ˣ⣬ҾͽˣԺǻɽɵĴϣְλȱѾ꣬㽣ΪְҲʵ顣
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ѹĵ׳صѹ֮˼⣬ҲͲǰƣձ̬֮·


718 ɱأ£
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ʵһҪʲô飬ʲôҲǱҪճλϺú
ⲻΪְλҲȫΪ书µֹ͡
ȺҲòϣĻɽʢ棬λ߳ɹ͡
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˶ãͻΪԼŮˣΪһˣѵ᲻ҪԸɴˡ
ԣҲνˡ
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ɽɿνһپ٣һҲνָ
תͷСһߵСʦã⻪ɽɱҲԼļˣܲƲļҸɣԽԽá

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ԴôΪɴϣͳһɸУЩŻţ˸߲ҡ
ż½һЩңᷢһ㲻гҲᱻٵӵû˺֮С
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ɽ°µһЩŵӣҲ˹ĳƺһǰǲġ
ɽŮ弫Ϊǰ󲿷ֵطǿģЩʵ
һΣȺȴѪԺ˳ȫΪӾ޽һûʵĹʹլԺɽˮï񣬼Ϊ
լԺΪ˫
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׼ȷһЩĻ鷿
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ڽ߲ȵͣճڣֻҪǸɽʵһ㽻˭ףһ죿

Ǹɽнȫӿɽ뻪ɽԹȻҲ⣬ù
ʱɽңҲȥˡ
˶֪š˫ȢȺŮԺɽͬģͻǿʢԡ
ȵЩŵӳɳɽֻΪһȻܿܰɽɶѹסֱ׷֡䵱
Ϊɽɲɵ̣ǲѪһڶӣҪǣһ
ġ˫ɽׯһս֮û˸˵ʤ
ǵ֣κһɶһѡ
˵Ӱˣ£Ψ书һУʵǿˣʲôԡ

ӥƻˣ˶𣿡
һӸ߸ߵ̨ϴ͸һۻɱϴαȴǶһį
Ǳϸ߸ϵӰ̬
վŵԭʮϣѾֻʮˡ
㱻ֱۣӵһ֮ͶھӴŶ۽
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һֵֻġ֡ôе
ڣҲѾûʸá
ɽӵޱճʯƽˣ˵ˡ
ݴԣκˣԺҲضಡ齣Ƿˡ
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ĴֻʷǴﵱֻǾźûˣŵд£һλȴɽҲûȥ
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ϵɽڷⲻƽˣһҪһʱ䣬ѡ֮գҪһϲ
ǣʦ֡ػһ˫ƾ޴Ķպӣֺ
УףկˣҲһͬӦǣֻҪ³ɣһսƷȡؽ鱦ӦоУظҴͬġ˭ǴеҾ㲻ҪɽҵҲǡͬ
ǣҪǳ󣬿еѶȣֻסɽ棬׷ӣЩȴһѺ֡ϱһιֽףӦ
ʦܣʦܣǶɽ˵ȸҸϸɽΣ
ǣӦŵɽХɱա


719 ķƶϣ
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˵ΪµĺĳӣЩﶼһЩԣǲʳʱҲ˼ԡ
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ֻǻͷһƵĹͷըоһɾ޴Σ˹һݣҲ󣬽˽еͲתӴܡ
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࣬ϥпյıͷðȫ˹ƶˡ
µһ㶼ȷܷпղܣͽܿǱúܡ
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뵽£¾ˡ
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󹦴߶ĶҶָУͱܵʱƱŷѾҩ֧š
ǲŮĬĬӹ۾۾ʪŵСèģСȸãúܺõġ
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ֻɽԿɫɫɫ۵ɮûУ֪Ҳܵ飬ͷ壬ӰһƮûС
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Ǽˣǿõãת˲ʧ


720 ķƶ£
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ľǰ¿һҩááռؼʮĶɽɽ֮·ʾ˼ҾϧǮơ
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721 Ʋᣨϣ
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722 Ʋᣨ£
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ͼһϸӬıСʱᡭĬӷУб̲;˰ޡ
Ǹλɮע⣬ֽͶС
ճֻԿһۣҪ뻳УʱʺϸжҪҳɨһ鶼ûʲôʱ䡣
ʱһңڻɽӽеʲô˾Ҵ
䣬Ӱˤһԡ
ȥͼһĸߴϺС¡¡˽ȵŮ
׺ӯӯճ˹
ʦ
޺ˣףзʦҲˡ
鷳ˣ
ŷϺԾΣӶľֶƺȻ£ڵסһ뾫ݡ˫۾ϺвԳ

ճһӯӯǰ
ͬ磬ͻȻ̽޹ǰһѾס˾ͷ


723 аϣ
ۡһ죬ϺŭĿԲɣսϼȫ͵ͨ죬̣ͦһжȻѹ¡
ˡһͷܿһȦƣճϴ⾢һѹˢһ
ϺвΪҲǿ
˶Ľɽһѹ£ӳյճϸƺһ̾ͻ˴ֱҳࡣ
ڳ˶ʼ
Сģ
ˣʮΤƣӲӡ
ΤƸһʮʮָͰԵѧȭҲñ
ϺзΪ޺ר˾սʵͬСɣڽҲźܴ
ʱȫ֣ŭţ͵һͿڳȫ
ҪϲŪɥ¾ͺá
ճġ˫֮쳹µʵ̫ߣʲôĸ֣ʮļӳ֮£˸߿֡
㻹񣡡
˵ľУճȴһδˡ
סƵұʯ˿ϺӴƮڿоȻѹ˴ճ־ţббͣڰա
ʮ־㤡
һдΤƵƺʧĳεĵطǰǾ쭣ۻȫǴһ㣬ճǰûмֲ
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ϺаƮƮһǰȴճһϣϥº΢ɼĶ˶һӰ
ءһ죬Ƿоһֻһ㱻߷˳ȥȥֱֱˤţϣ䡱һ죬
˶ŽƷ֮󣬾ͲȭŻǱбƣϺˡ
ճﰵ
΢΢𣬶ָ͵µˡ
ۼǧѪΪôẦ¸˱ƴͰԵȴǳ׵׵ײ塣

뵹һЩ˸Լ۾
ճԵסһУ߶㿪߰νֱ˷Уȴ뵽ȴƾһ˫ƾͰѷľȻһ߷ɡ
˽֣ôôһεĸ֡
ӳճʵٱ޺ǿ̫ࡣ
忴һĻȻ֪ԼһӶȲλʦˡ
˽Ľ̾һרĵ
׳־Ƿ첻زĽ֮齥ʧΡ
ճתͷ򼲳ķϺУ˵ôʦҲһµĹ򣿡
Ԯͼ˳ȥ͵ɲסŲ˵ϴμҽɽΧ֮ѣ;Ľ书ͬ죬ȴûϵѵ˾硣
ʿգĿ࿴
ϺĿ⾼˵ħŮ߷µӣȡ̱䡶׽ǧ׷Ҫ֣֪ΪĪҪΪвɣ
Ϻк÷࣬һھǴñѹڿ˵ħŮ˼һɽħйô˵ӣ˭Ҫ˳Ųɣ
ճòԣ΢΢ŭ
һٵҪΪУڵĳһɽңΪ
絶
ϺвֵĹٷˣƽֽύ·ܣԽ˵˼˽üΪ
ƾôֻҪʩѹûܵס
ȴû뵽ճȫں
һԹаħ𣬶ֱƣӲʩµһֺ塣
ճȴǴ治ֻһ䣬ٴҲܲкⴳϱɽץˡ
¼ͷԺɽҲûˣԳ֡
ã
ճ˵úɣЩ˲ɺ
ǼҴҵ󣬵ƽҲδЩĿӣš
ǵǺܶ࣬ǵҲڶС
һ⻰ɫһ˵һҪסħŮʩˣ
ʦʹӺͿ˰ɣħŮֻɵһС檰ˣôɻܹ˼ҵļ£ܱС檵ĳ𣿡
ǰħʥã붼
Ҳ˵ǰˣµϢҲͨӯӯ͸ħ˴֣׷ɱѾľ¸аˡҲ˵ѾҸл⻹аħǺвǾ˵سɷ𡯣˼ҶѾƣôʦ㻹һҪƻȥأ
ǣˣ壬ҲˣܹħʥøлҽĪɡһ׷ԲԵ˵
˵ˣǿ˵ģǿģ˭Ӯ˭
ЩΨ²ңճַǺæ塣


724 а£
һаǳʶˣô˵׽ҲǲԸ黹ˣ
Ϻһ˿쳱Ȼ
黹ʲô鶼ûŪ־ͺɱģҲʲôӣ
ӯӯ֪ʲô𣿡ճⷽϺ˵ʲôֻԹԵתͷʵ
˫ϲӣ
ӯӯЦӯӯİһۡ
ɫʮ㲣ȴǼãȻʱ䱻׷ü࣬ʱ˵Цˡ
ǰճ˵а˵СҲô⡣ﻹڰ̾Ӿתÿ죬ȻôһС
ôһôϴӯӯ⣻һΪԼĳһɡ
ǻĵɡ
²ˣ
ֻҪ˵ùȥôǿԵġ
ħʥӯӯͷԣԼС檣檹ӯӯȴ쾭塣
һָ¹Ϊ˵÷Ϻвˡ
ڳǧıȫɵӣͬΪɵ̩ɽɽɽˣǶħ֮úء
ճĲһеΪħŮͷȴУ˵Щ˲ʦȺţҲ߾Ź죬֡
ĻճҪŪ붼ܡ
ȴǲͬˡ
ӯӯʲôС檲С檵ľȨ֮ƣ˿ħŮҲûʲôٲһҲ޷
ͷǧתֻһ㣺һ׽˶ԣȽسţˣµ֮еĵɾоˡ
ɺ޻ӹȫڹģһжͷź׼¶֣Ĳʮ֮ءİΣҪһնǲðġ
Ҳӯӯרıȡ׽ԭˡ
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ΪԼ²õǲǻ֮Ī
Ϊ˾гӯӯʵҲֽţⱻճռһЩͷˡ
Ҳλμ͸ȢûжٶС
ǱЦˣҲֻ΢΢Щ⣬ʱ͸Ӳ̨ˡ
ҰһС檵ݣȻҲȴǲ̫ݣҲûгԴף¿ûʲôϷ
ճ̾һ֪ӯӯһжȨ֮ƣ˲²ǰ˴⡣
Ҫ׽ȻˣôҲúúѧѧУ˵⾭棬϶ܰѹΪƽһûôܾͻȥ
ճ̧ͷЦ˵ʦҾߵۣոǿɲҪѪ˲У㣬ۼӯӯȥµı䣿
ǵһ㶣ѿڶת־ԣ˵ɡ׽ϣǰʱһⱾΪϣ˵ûУڳӢۺܶɵ𣿡
˵úãճƣЦӯӯĵ
Ȳܡ׽˭ʦȻδӯӯֵ飬ôС׽ҲǴµİɣ
˭ֻ֪У֮£ѵط飿ԽˣѾʮֲơ
ļճ˹˵ֽڱκ̫䣬ǧ꣬ΪԴԶѧ֮мҲмλսô϶µġ׽û
ȻûУַ𷨾ǿôԣ±һֱУʧ
ô˵ϴ辭ҲŴඣ֪λɮϰã
⡭һʱԡ
ճԣϴ辭ʧˡ
ԶԣͬճĻΪ׽ʧġ
ɽһֱ׷ؼܣʼһЩ嶾·Һ鲼£ܿץӯӯȥҲȥŪˡ
ʱĳĬֻǲ֪ôճ񹦶ѡ
ճ˼ˣ˵⡶׽ûʧӯӯǾó֤
û֤ݣտڰ׻˵ȫ¶֪׽ֵĶճ˵ǣǾͲǡ
ˣճЦ˵ԣʦ㲻ҪΪ֮˭ӦӣݣҲǵĻ㲻ɮһһɽΣ
Ҳԣ
ճֺеһץΪ˵ȡ֣ȥȴƫƫмֵڱͲɸо۽󿪡
ǰ˫ִ޷ǹ˵˵˭˵˭ҪɵҪء׽ˡ
Ǻˣûҽ˵ˣΪˡ׽ϧһսڻɽ֮ϣȺֻˣȫǻɽɵĶ֣


725 ϣ
ҪȺ֮Ⱥ򸾵ȻҲľܵİ衣
ȻԹۡ
ʱһսּλʤȿɡ
ǰˣ˫˺Ƥ׽Ҫ
ǣΪִĦʮţڷɷ֤ʦ֮£Գսҽܵеù𣿵˭Ҳ޷æġ
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ʵȷ໹ҪǿһЩ
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ڸаһ֮ʱϺ֮ãδ·硣
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ֻƮƮĿ񣬳һ糤ˮС߸߹ݵĴĦ÷̸¸С
һ仰˵꣬;Ƥһøߴ׳߱࣬Ʊͬķ໹Ҫ֡
󹦣ɽ
ɽɶʦ̫һֱӵĿճ˴ǹսֻʮֲˬ죬˵˰ǲ򣬱ȺɽɵһЩСﶼĥ䡣
ʱŷһȥͱ׳ѿڶ
Źʮо޽еļӳַţᲢãΪС׽
Ȼĸû׽ô󣬵ĳЩй֮
ǾǶӣԼżס
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ͬΪɣɽɶֲ湦տ۲ʮ֣ƽۡʱŷϺ˹׼֣ɵõɴ۾ϸϸۿ´һаʽ
˲ž壬ѧеĺ嫣ʦ̫ȴǶġ
ʦŽ󹦺𣿡
Сʦ̫ʮ־飬Щʵ
һЩʿ۷׷ף֪ϺǸĸ֣һЩǡ
ֹǹ⣬㿴ǷʦȫһͣⲢûôģŹиص㣬ǾƤȫĤġƾǱȭϥ϶߰˳ܱΪڶ֣´һҪء
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ճҲһЩ
оƬɨ֮ҲͿˣϺϹΪīɫϢء
з鶯ĺأȻѾȫãȷǲöԸ
һжҶָ
Ϻıøߴ֮Ҳñûǰ˹ɣһ͵ճǰ
˫ʮָ粨޻ʢһճֱ˶
ָù򣡡
ճһݡ
ȭƣƲָ
˵ȭָϥĹʽ֮УвĪָ
ָΪۣ֮ʱСܵ˺ȻҲ
ڴ˷֮УĹָв͸Ǵ
ΪָԶɽ֮ʱȫǷص飬ϣʮָꡱ㶯ͬʱճʮѨָۻꡣ
ȴǱƵճȥӲƴˡ
һСսΪºպչͣºܴ۹ȻǼΪ
ʦ޺һбƣ·磬߳˵أͿˡ
֪ƾ棬Ļ˵ǷԼǷʦҲһܱȵλ˵޳ܵˡ
һԲԼ̹֮֮
ǣóָҪƵճòء
һսʹӲȥ󹦡ƴ
ޱճʽǿһʱ˵ĻҲֻΪʱ仹̫ո̤һֲãȲһۻ
ͨʮˮƽʹͨŵվģճϼƷʼߵҲһ
ʦ۹⣬üʶ
Ϻһ־ֱָճϲ
Ҫʱʱ̶̿⾪ϲĳ֡
ΪһָϤָãճҲӲƴ
δȭӦУһҲ赲ֻŤڿ裬ͬһԭŤŤȥ
ⱾǼΪŵһ־ٶȴһֶصɡ
緽һָӰճ͸衣
ָƣļͷϥһȫա
аڷŵĺľӣʯװΣȫǹһ顣
ˡһƵը̡
֮ڣҶָѻǹˣ
˾ܣճĬĬһ¶ҶָĹѾ˵ס
ָ۾ȴûʲô˵ģɱʹ͸ȴѧܱġ
м޼䣬¾Ž֮ʽ
ճһתٶָΪ̻ö֮䣬ͻأ͵˳ȥ
ָζӰŵɫ˳ȥػŵơ
һꡱ𣬷Ϻʯľָڰ֮УȻȫɢ
ý鵶ˮˮȥһУҾǷ㣡
Ϻһ΢΢תһĳƷХɽѹпŭ


726 £
һƻͻȻǣϿݵԵʮׯϣ쭡
ճֻ˷һºǽѹ˹ڲͣļѹ˺Ʒ绹δ͸оԼ֮أϺһȫգҲ̫ͨˡ
ƷǺųƹԽԽĽհ˰ɣճƷŭлƣ޵
µʮȻûʧܴеõ־Լļʶ̡
ŰҪôɣ߻۸𷨱뾫ҪʮĿ๦
书һ㲻̫ãǼʮꡣ
Ҳѹʲô򣬶ԽԽ
аһѣȲ˵ûл۸ֻƾ䣬ͺ˲á
ϺΪƵҶָӲӲصʹƵƷҾ⵲ҲԵסˣ
ճŰƣ׷ĴˣָɽҲʽỮ
ԪһƾȴǷֳ䡣
΢΢ŽĽָһĹ켣˵Ķз·ˡϸ죬ӸƲ
һƾɽңһ㣬ֱֱճ壬ֻǰ˿
ôܣ˵հƳ֮ʱƼǿôҽǰ磬ȫ첻ɰвģ
ʲô԰ͬƥ˺εĶҲܵơ
ɰ˺ȫĿɿڴ
뵽ǿƣΪѾĸ֮һ书Ը
ȻѾ߹ˣЩȴûϵճֻ˾ޡ
ʮҲɾƵøɸɾ˿֮С
̩ɽɵһ̾˵ɽһĽƵѧųƣϵһֱΪԶﴫû뵽С
ԴӼǿдʧ֮ȴǲ̫书γȴصҲʦܡ
̫Լλʦ֣ʱ˵Щм˵ʦҲ̫Ľɽɵ书̩ɽɻͬһźųƾһеĽֻҪñŹ򣬾Ժнˡ
ɵĿһʦܣȴû˵
سɽȻǿΪ߽ûܹۣȴĸ˭Ҳ
ЩˣЩ书ȥԣûжġ
糡ϵķʦһ۷
˳赭дѾֵø£ȴǺ
ѵû˵ʦҲûյһȴ̫Դ˰ɡ
˵ǣǾǰɡɵһЦҲ硣
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ճһָ˰֮󣬷оͱýС΢
ںɽȫճһɣΧȫ¹ܡ
Ӱ֮䣬ȴǴһ׾ܷзƺأһӦʮС
ճЦʦҿɻأ־ж˷ؿò׽ġ
㲻Ҿͽ
ճûʲôҲ;ս粽ǰ壬һһֱȭ޻ɵĺ˹ȥ
ȭ
Ⱥһ΢΢ǰ㣬ȫעĿճȭ
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ѹַ̫ʦ˵书һزȴʽȭţֻҪͻ֣۶ֳʲôС
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꣬ɽȭȭôûá
ʱճ֣ȴǹЦҲδ̫˰ɣɣȭûκεҵġ
ǾͺúóȭɣճһȭͷѾ޷˫һ𣬶Ȼ١
࣡һȭͷɫӷ˫֮һءһƾ죬ڷǰ
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һọ̃̄ȻŰ壬ȴǴгԲȴ״ζԼָʧȥġ
˭˵ȭɽ޿赲ճһȭ֣оͬںţƤϣ֪вδˡ
ȴ٣ֻЦ˵ٽһȭ
ٿһһȭ
һȭδͣǽֽŴ
žž죬籬ը졣
ճȭøɴ䣬Ҳ̫ͣȴҲֲס
һŻӰİѱɢ˼ӣУĺˣ˳߰˲һôϡ
Ӵһײꡱһѿ
ճֲֶͣЦʦҪ𣿡
վֱ壬δڣһѪȻļȻˣȻռҪ׽һȰûз𷨵Ѭգȴõģʱˣȴֺοɡ
ͲʹʦˣĳᰮĦѧȫƾ⣬ҲΪ㣬ôԶһˣʹס£ȹ˽գߡ׽ɡ
ճ˵ֲǶ壬Ȼ£Ȼ£ҲûҪ
ֻҪˣѧˣ׽ԭȴҲû
׽ԭ÷ûȥ磬顣
ȴһá
㣬ַɣҲ˵ðѱ븹Уÿһ仪ɽҽ塣
Ȼ¶ϲ֮ɫʵԵ棿Ǿ߶ҽˣͣȻᶨϺΪ
ңңȭȺ˵óԸϣʱȻ÷˵Ĺ书Ҫ
ʦˣȺЦ
־ġ
Ȼճֵӣ泩ȴʵЩëʵЩľû˶ٵ
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ճкӯӯȥøСʦôһ顣
ϾħʥãָʱԭأЩס
ûڣⱨ
ɽɽӱһڣΪأ
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727 ӣϣ
˫ſȴһƬңɽȫÿ
͵ŵ½ʩӵ˵һ˵ȫվһԣмһ˰ͦص˽
Ϊһͷ­߸߰·𲢷ͣѲء
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ִ۹ɽɵ˵ɽʵϼ쵼¼˾Ӳ죬ﲻȴû˸ġ
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ŻɽͷʱĴڻɽÿһ·ʱأ˵ţɽݹٵأʦܴϲ֮գ֪ʲô񡣡
ȻУȴ͸ŵˡЦһ󷽵Ⱥ
ճֻǿ͵ŵͷһλԼǰڼڻɽľٶǲȷˡ
һﲻʲôΣ˹ؼʱȴܶˡ
һһͣרŸɽµô
Ⱥ͵ŵǰӭ٣ǿڽд꣬ɽ£죬ǶԽиɢοʮ
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ϴ˿ʮʧ飬ܿΪɽɲؽͬ
͵ŵ˾ٶƽС΢ЩͬҲǵõʲôϢ֪ӴԺ
ҲͲʶ֪ˡ
ˣǻɽҫӵȴ̫˰ɣ֪СŮôǵɽɣЦ
ȺȻıȭ񣬲²ʵ۾ȴŽ±ˡ
Ļȴ˿˿ңϣܳԲ
½һ־۴׹ĿȺ·˲ĳС
ôҲڲסҲûڣڳڱȫ
ȴͷЦα֪ʣǻɽʱǺôӰľ󣬿ɻͬ˷
ȺӻԹԵĵִƻɽȴǺ޽ͬа㹱ףµӴɱ¾ͬѡɣ֦ͬȽԳԺΪٵɽһְ

ȻƹȨ
ȴûȰɽķ
Ҳñķ㿴ʮ̫˰ˡʮλ¼λ½ͣһȳð⣬ȫһ̱֡˵ǻɽˣɣҲԴһˡ
ɰһЩɢϢľ˺ʮɣǰ֮ʱ˵ûԶ
ȫʮλоѻɽɣȴԼǰĽôȴһ
Ͳ˵ʮ̫ǰЩħ̺ˮôټֵ¶Ѫɺӣĺˣ˲ãЩ˱ϳˡ
ףկ̫з
Щ˾Ͳʲô·ˣ϶ˡ
ƽһȡ·ʲƣոǿȫ޹˼ɡ
˵ˣ˾ΪӳˣҲһ׶ΣٸɱŴҪȴҲ˼ࡣ
ԣҲͳеλĽˣߵﶼǻ𾴡
ôıӣȴǵʮĵһֵܡ
ʮλһ֣ӿϻɽɣƾȺ򸾺ˣܵס𣿺οǺųַܸ֤䵱鲢ĳ֣
ɽΣӣ
СյȺɽҲ¶֮ɫʱԼʦ
ʦ̫¶Ц޿κΣⱬãʱȴҲѲˣԭأһԲ
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мֻվͻɽȺ򸾣ȻдӺñ˳ŷͷﳯڵɺ
ųǿԣҲסˡ
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ϾʱȴǻˣθɺλյǣⱸһݸӯӯϣһЩӱ׷ǱԹ
ɽɽɽ¾ٰˮϯʱ̿ϯֱңڱͲŽɢһЩʾɣɽȴǲ͵ġ
һҹ⣬ǲᡭ
ڶգճСʦðݹʦ֮󣬾׽顣
հ׽¼оƬϸ֮󣬷׹Լźǻ
޵ڣѪҺԽԽʱͲǵܻþ
ճԴӴﵽ֮󣬾͸оٶ˷ָεõֵҲƵ蹵
䣬Դĸ壬ҹ֮ʳʱʱ̶̿һЩжкʡ
Խ곤ԽǱûǲⲻ˵ġ
ʱһȥԽãܿóɳʵȴ֮ԽԽ
ʮ֮󣬸ǻѷѻظԭ
ҲǹԽɼԽõĵΪ·
ȵĳٽ㣬ɼѾǲܡ
֮·;ǷΪ죬ѪҺ֡
ȵðѺ֮ѪԽԽ󣬴ƤĤٵ衣
ܵ˵ƤĤǣٵ軯Ѫ
ƾһڵȫýط޹壬ܴﵽݷϻͯӳ
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733 ׽͹ǣУ
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Ҳ˵ġϴ衷׽ǴĦģֻдﵽǸ׶εˣֱָܴ죬ݱš
ճʮϲΪŷ񹦾ȻĹǰֻ־ԤϣʱϸϸƷŴϲ
׽͹ǸƷʣʹܽⲻ幦ôʵߵͬһ·
ϴ辭ܾܿ軯Ѫ屾ԭϣ崿̡
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ֻҪɽһֱǿʢֺ̬䵱˺ƤڰһֶΣĿŵ뻪ɽΪȴǲҵģҲ͹ˡ
ճֺԶߣҡҡͷصԼסСʦ˵һڴ˯ˡ
һ˯ʱҪ緹ʱ˹
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еȭԺʶƺʱʱ̿µķ֡
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Ǿţλħʥûаװ׹ǰ˴æˡɺϲ


734 ׽͹ǣ£
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ҪҰΪΪͬʱﵽٽ˼ˡоƬдϢճĵȴ׵ġ
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ڰɽɱ֮ⶫͽĸԳ
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ĿǰҪģȴȥýǴ󷨿ǻεס
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ճЦһнпܣߣ꣬һΣ;֮ǰҾͻɴ뵽ĸǰ



736 һأ£
ճݱˣһ˴ǰУӯӯ˵÷ׯλҲ·
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ȺãҲͷ͹ֻĽ͵ǽСԴɱţħ̵ġɱʢȷ̫СˣλׯߣȴǵסҵĽ
Ȼýɽͷʲôϵס¾ŽҲܴ
͵ѧģҪһ̫ʦ壬ȴҲûжô׽ϵճ
ü黫Сӣںԣƾ㣬Ҳܴӷͷ͵ѧӹĸٲҲֻոͻһãôһˣϷСƭأ
뷢ţָҲתѰĻᡣ
ճҲЩŭˣͷȻǵλߣֻ϶һ飬ô˵βģҲ˵ˡ
һɴ˼ȻŲСҲòˣôһ˵ġ
ǰУֻǶϼ񹦵ûʹãҪҲΪ˶Ħͷʽ
ʱԷֻˣʹѹڿó˺֪ٲԵ㱾£˵õܲȫ˶һ⡣
нʽδ䣬һѪɫӿгˡһͱó
սӵһǿӿͷȥ
ȴһǰ仯̬ô󿪴ϣʽʽӲƴ
ۡһ죬ֱص˫۷飬ɫ󾪡
Ϊ֣ƾԼһ֮ѷֵڽϾȻ˶һء
ǳ޿ײ룬Ƿ⵲סˣҲסǱӿֱ֪˵ǽǡ
ңתǴ󷨣ܹһȴûиоһ
ǽϵȫߣĽȻɽޱȣס
ֻǽ˲ʮУͷ󺹡
ͻȻһСݵòٽҼ
ȴ̬ۿһ߸裬ñֱһ׿ХХɽѣڶصת
ˣȻ߲εӦýХ
ճͷһѣΣͷﾯ


738 ΨΨң£
ͷһХճͷѣεͬʱнҡ
ԼȲ϶Էǿ߶ǲ򣬵ǰںѧɣѧɱţŵʮ
ҲӲָֻɨһ죬һֱܻޱȵХ
жһʹһ£һûХȻֹ
ûü»ֻճгȻ籬һ⻪һʹ̵ǰһӰƿ彫Ҫδ
һңиո𣬻ûϮ;ǰһʹȻžž죬ߴѨͬʱסѪһͷԵڵء
ճһɴˣһȷޱǿᣬǴ󷨡Ҳʵһ书ЩҾЦˡ
־ͰǽϿݲݲּ¶Ц⡣
ﳣ䣬ȣȿˮϢɢ֮Ѩ
뷨Ҳ̫󵨣˻ɢɲʲô飬һͷȴûµ˾ġ
԰ϼѾءϼǧ֪˶ٿ๦þʹ˷ϵһЦסֻ֮ǹһƽϢ飬ʱ˵ƽͣѾǰĵ߿֮ɫ
еãɢô۴ﵽ۷ѵ꣬ôʱ˷ѣճϲɫгһϢľʹҸֱ
һ죬͵סһѽ͵ϮֱʱзƷ졣
͵Ϯ֮˷ֳղסϣָϮһŻӰ
ȭøԶ
ճٺЦʣһȦƣָӰƷȫȦУָɽһ
ָ⣬˱øʽŲӲһ㡣
͵Ϯ߱ճĪ⣬Ʈһָǰ
һԿӣԭΪȵׯ֮ʱ֣ûϵ˳סظ¾ħ̹ʹ˰ɣӡĴºſ˵úܡ
˰ײͷŰɫۣ߱Ŀ̬ۣʱȴ񾪲ճȻ̾Żɽ˫˫ɽͬʮ̫Ҳסһ֮սµһͷԭ̫ţտȴǾ֮ˡ
ʹˣǰһΪ˾Ԯ˶޶⣬ӯӯڿջȺȴҪץʱˡ
˵ҲɫӣֻǰλѨġˡһߣϸĴϻֺۡ
оƬ֮ϸš
һᣬճһЦ򣬾ϥϴžžžžһͬը
ƺһð󺹵Σɫò԰ס
ߣԭǶҵǴ󷨣ҲصΣ㶼һҵȷǣڴ˴ɢͲµȻ޸֮Ӳȥ
Ц
ΪʲôҪӣոպãճչһЦ¶ݣЦһͻȻоһ
ճһӴϼȫɢ֫ٺͨʿʱֻĿʹ˻Ϊˮȴǲͬ
糱ˮɢ֮ڣÿһϸ໴ĺһŴͣѵõĲƷȴĲҩҪ棬ҲճоƬ÷ʽ
Ѫ߻
Ⱥ쵤СתһȦȫѪͬһֱ嶥ţһֱֱɸߣֱݶþòɢ
к˶һۣоǰ龰ֱ˼һѪ֮ǿǻôȴǴδѹ˴޿赲ǿĲһǿƥ
ʱλʶħ̸߲ճĵʲô
ճܵתһ»صо崫ԲУ֪嵽˴ʱǱ壬ͻȴǰͰ࣬ǵþһѹȥ߻ܻͻƣоƬ޵ʾףԼһ
һ·߲Զģ˫ޣȴǲƫϣֻһ·ˣĳһ׶ξͻѡ
ճ֪ǼʲôΣȴȻΪһʱˬ죬ֻƾͻֻƾ豧Ϊͻ졣
κһݾûдΣչ鲻Ǻ¡
ճ֪ΪʲôҪоƬԼԼĸоȴѾָǰ·
ʵߣоƬҲ˶ԣ巢仯һҪѡʱʱʱһճܴ
ɢ֮пգƹȺ顭
ճдʣϸϸĥſھе⣬۹һͿƽڵصУĿ֮ʮַŭȻʲôʱԼ鷳
ɴݵ岻ãԺǺúԣ꣬Ӵ˹ȪáһǣȻǿޱȣȴ˼Ƣʮֻ𱬣ȫС˷ѡ
ճЦ˵꣬ҲͷӦ־ӡѨϡ
תգֻоһǿ纣ˮתҪ
ĬĬľסȡٶȡ
ңСӣͲӯӯһӣôĶԴ˵𣿡
ȵо翪բˮ񾪾壬ֻðӯӯʵ޷롣


739 ˭ϣ
ճЦȴǺɣӯ˹˵£֮ǰҸӯӯ˵ˣξȳȥǱħ̶ӷϳɣȵȥԺԻƾǿὣɱϺľ£ӯӯִ̣ٽ츣¡
ճЦƵᣬɨһи죬˵νʱѾȥˣŮиҵҲӦӴԺ帣ȴáգѲʺ˼Ҵ
ʹȴ̵ϳˣЩҲδΪҲأǾͼӯӯһͳ̣Ǻã
áСӣ㡭
ɫ͵ͨ죬Ѿ˵ȴ޷롣
Ϊ춼ˣǰľѾ޿ɸģյСȻ˵ºͣնȴǲݸģ־
ҲףԼ³ɽƾšǴ󷨡мɲϯ
Ͼǻɽɵӣվڻɽ
뵽Լһʹ˱ˣһҲɵñ
ǿסʹǷϣһǻ׳־ȴĥ
ֻǺ޺˵СӣҲ̫ˣҵǴ󷨣ҵѵͲ֪ͻʹѵ书ѽ𣿡
һͲˣȴа취
ճ˵Өﴫ죬һһ
ÿһα죬ճϵϢͻǿһ֡
˺ӡñͨ죬ǿƣҪ
㾹ȻһѨͻζЦˡȥͨζҲʷϹǳһ۷壬Ҷʲôãȡȡ
Цᶼˣճȫ˸߰˰ˣʮַߺޣԷù
ճЦνһҶĿ̩ɽһ۷壬Ȼһ۷尡οûа취ȡ
ǹҲۺͻȻһ٣ϲ֪ʱѾһɵ
ԽԽŨ˵ʱ
ܣϼ񹦣Ǵ󷨣ôϼⲻܣ
𾪵ĶľŵĿճһѱǴͨϵĻתϼ
ǰɢ֮ʱϼ񹦵ɢ֮УȴǴӣнԭȫϼԸƷתƷȴһȦ˻ȥ
һԾ̾
ﵹûʲô̫ŭ⣬̾ġ
ճչվϹһУ־ִ֮һһָӡ
ֻоȫ޲⣬ոմͨŵ֮ʱȴѾǿжࡣ
ԭ˺棬һؾһ죬󰡡Ͳһͻ죬űչȴˡܣµһͷ۲ú
ճԶ־
ֻѹܴ߻ҵ
ֻսһֱ֮죬ﵽһսز١
ĿճڣüһǿϢɥ
Ȼˣôû뵽Щ뵽һͻһΣҲٶʮ꣬޴öʤǹƵ˵ز
һΣǱ˲˵ҲѾĻ䡣
Щ걻£һֱԼĴ⣬һֱţֻҪܳȻɣƾԾ
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ȴǷ֣ԼЩߵĵ·ȫˡ
ϧȴѾˣʮ꣬һѧСһ֣Ǵ裬һ񹦣ҲɾͣƷʣ̸תֱ죬ϧ
ͷûףĵĳһЩƣȻ䡣
һ˲䣬ͺʮ꣬ĮԶĶһЩ֮⡣
һִѧȨеľ֧ʵǡǴ󷨡ȵʶˡǴ󷨡ΪƾҰҲȻÿЦ
ճ˰˳еĹѾֵľ磬ʱпɣݺὭȴǲٿܡ
Ǵ󷨡֣ΪǱڤ񹦵ĲƪΪãȴ
ȴҲֻӲţԭǲܷ˹ȻͻϵŹ
ճͬķԸеҲܡ
Ѿ׵ƵŹ
⵱Ȼճƺõġ
ɲԸȳһ־νһŪ̳𣬵ɱˡ
ʱ򲻵Ľ˻ᵹùǻɽҲ⣬õġ
һʵ԰ʿ⡣

ճĿ˵Ѩνʣһնתͳ˵Ρ

˳÷ׯҲȥᵹһصׯˣȥλׯ᲻ΪҪľ³ͷ
һƧٺãճȥ˿ջӯӯ˹
Ů˱ͷᣬЩ£һꡣ
ʱ򣬾ǿԵУҲе¶˴ȸһ棬ֺǺǵģʱ򣬻ûǸճ˼ơ
в֪ôģŮǰͷβûճѧǴ󷨣ϵǴ󷨵顣
ҲἰҲд㡣
ҵʲôô壬ȥľ±飬书Ǻе
Ϊ˵ˣЩ죬Ҫȥһ˺ľսܣϽȻס
ҲɵģԪϲһŮӡӯӯȻѾͬ£ȴЩȻֻǵͷ˵
ճЦʹǷǿΪûôɽ˭£ͳͳˡ
ĳвѪģһˣһͬˡ
ճɱڵ˵
ţӯӯɵӦһ׽סճĴ֣ƫԴļͷ˵£ɣ
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740 ˭£
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ɱУȴһϢýȷ
ɽ˫ҽʮ³Ϻľ£սܣ
Ϣǳ˳һķ򽭺أɵһʱ֪ˣЩкÿһ£ȥУ¥䣬Ĵš
˫еδأֻƵڼ·ħ̱л飬ǵʤ
ɽռǧӶʢĻХǰʱ壬һ߽һƺûб仯Ρ뽨תͷȥ
Ϊһλұţμ׳ĺӳ̾һ̣ӽɽɢ߽ɽ֮ҡɡ
һɽ紵׳££ѣƺ⡣
ʨڣ˪ûʱ绢İʮ̫λġ֡㣬ҲֻǸз϶ѡ
ӵܽϣ˭ܱ֤һӡ
ԴɽӢǰɽһսϢ֮ʣɽλ̫ͬڵӣȫɢ
޵ѹ֮£Աǰ̣ʱƣҲֻмλбܽɽϣȴҲزȥˡ
ɽǿԵˣʱҲӭϮЩֺۣȴʹˮ
Щ죬ɽϵĵȴѾʮ
ɽһȺУһЩԱб̧ɽĻһ˴ȴǸһЩ̧ͷǱߵĵʦ壬յСԼҪһɱϺľ¡°ɽҲǲ赲ǲ˴æɽ뿪ɡ
ʦֶɽѾˣһ˫һ˫ԣѾ޹ش֣ο˭˵ͻ°ġôν֣˵֪ûһյܣӦҲȫˣİɣˡ
ЩįĻһ䣬˻õۣһҲҵɽֻɽĮĮ
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ççɽٷģ
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һΪλӰã¶磬ǹۣ
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ɮü룬Ʈ裬ɫֻ̬ͣҪž˸о棬øУֵɷ֤ʦ
ʦǣϺзͷЦ
˫ɱϺľµ飬ֿҪв󣿡
أ֤ҡҡͷ֪ƣΪ˺£Ǿɣ˭ʤ˭ܣֶкôɽ¸Ժӣһȣȡ䴫£Ȼµһ
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ϭ£һɽ㣬ʦܣʲô²Ż֤Цеʵ
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ǣʦ֡óϷתɽ

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һŴŮػڻ԰תתȥǽǣһ˵һһ֪ͲӦǺ꾫ȥˣҰ˰ɣȻźӲȥľħϳսܡ
ɺ𼱣һȴЦݵ˳
ɺЩίĻС
Уȴǲܼ꣬ܵǣҪúýӣǹˣзȣ̫ĵġ
ǰɺҪƽȥսܣˣҲ֮ǣǳʲô⣬ô룬ѵṦ𣿡
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ճȴ֪ܿͽϴСӣ±һ̤Ⱥɽŵ֮ϣǰԶХɱ˹
ȴһӯӯˡ
ԶһЩͿɼϡϡԶԶŵĸкʿǹսġ
ʢ£ܻһЩͷ档
ճ׶ЦӯӯһεˣװӦǰ׻ȵ˺ľ£һɽϽ޿ս֮


741 ϣ
ճһ·ǰУѩһԽԽ󣬵ȵһƹأֱϺľ´֮ǰѾˡ
зͯܣ׻Ϲƣħʮеλ
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ȫ֪ѵ˶ѡһʱ򣬿ǰ潣ѪɱӰĿʮ־壬Щ˸ﰵʹޡ
ЩճȴϣԺ̣Ҫ˾ֻηˡ
οӯӯ֮λճҲҪıʲô飬ֻݺĽӾʹɢ佭
ûй£޹˼ɵĸ֣ײѡ
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ǿѹͷ֮飬ճ̤ɵµԶԶͼͷһŨüĴ׳󺺡
߰˳ߣòą̃ϹճȻŭӣҲȥ鷳ȻɱľѰ·ң¡
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ճȸԾܵ飬ڿ𣬾ͬһֻӬһ㣬˵ܣΪ³˭
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һݣǶܵͷȴûϵôһ󺺣˴۾
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ܽηֶͤΣҧӵӽĳճҲһŽⱬӰ֮䣬͵ͤǰ
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һصٴʮףǰȻһǰ澹ȻһµС԰÷ɴأõü߽ġ
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ԶһլԶԶȥһȹ޸ٵӰ壬߼䣬һԧϷˮͼԾȻϡ
ܣմ˿ֻԸһˣȴ˭Ҳ
ʮ㣬˵졣
ͤ̾˿аҲҪɱңܲһ
˭˴󵨣
һӰƮƮֱӺˮӶ
廹ڰգɱӿѹһ۾ͼһУȴǡЦԭνǴ³ˣʹİɣҾ˵˭ôұܣ
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ӰӰ䡱ıУӰɿ
ܴʱע⵽ճص˭ÿεĺҾƴδ㡣
ӯӯĵճĿ⣬ŻȻ조ЦԭӯӯɣǿúǿԮŵҡ
书˵زʵף˳ңһưԽǺã
ƾǻҲ˵ң
ճЦĵٲ򣬿ûҲᱻ
ŶϻŵŨױˮ˵䣬վ磬ãֱθڡ
ǸˣֺܴˣʱɧŪˣͤĿ۰˵ĹЦ
ͤʮֲͷŭʲôȫʰˡ
ȻܶǲϲǾȥɡһХͬư˹
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ճչӭȥ˼ˡ
ѿ嶫βԶ֮ܳʱгǿһʱ󾪡
૵ĵôϧñвŮŮǸһΣȴҲǲġ
ЦԽԽֻЩ걻µһǻŭʧ
龰ȴҲñõõȥ


742 £
ճڣѪֻͷһɰȻʵʣֻҪ۾ͻоǰһ¯ȼա
˸䣬ܿնƣ֮
һ·ľºεȸ֣ճֶ赭дִ򷢡
˴ʱСڣżȫ֡
ֻһ׹棬ԽԽ׳ֱɷԲƺͬʱ̻ʱɽççʱ졣
ܻľֻһ𣬾ĩɢƮ
һɢӿиоæ˼øԶһЩ
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ڲı仯ȴʮֲˡ
ڶЦУճֻоǸ廨뾹޴ڣȥ硣
ĽУȴ𲻵̫ãʵǶ̫ܵˡ
뽣δ棬ԷѾ˵˰ȫڣճĽδջأźӰ˵Լܷλ
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ճֻǳ񿪣͸оһ̹ǵļֱ̾ƺѪɱȫᱻ͸
ͬڷ־ûô໨
ǿ죬ԽµĿ죬ǿĴ͸ճѹȴǱȷﻹҪǿࡣ
ճֻҪֵͻһı塣
֮ʱȴǴ򲻵ˣԷ֮ʱͬӰ
¾ŽóУƵ˶ܵҲƲٶȡ
һǵ͹ˡ䡯˴ȥȵߣվڲ仯Ҳˡ
ӯӯ۾ɵõΪճκǲ
ֻͤһЦƺڳĹս֣һʱҲ˲
ճȦźӰƵԽԽСֻǰ֮ζ
˫ͬһŶһԭأй֮õˮ©
һźΧתתȥȴǰѽҲȥƷ֮Ȼ׷һХ
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һǼճǾޱȵĽȴѾסܴ̣ÿһÿһʽ⵲ҲƵøɾһĪڽȦ֮ڡ
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ӯӯݲҵгʣǰЩʱյദ֪УͻȻԼѾȻȻǣųˡ
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Щʧ䡣
Ůνҡҡͷ֪ΣʵҲ̫
ˣ·磬Ϊͻ벻ȥȴ˵òأڵӣӦǻʲôƣ
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Ϊڳȫˣճʱǳ֮ʹܱ飬һܡ
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һţñ͹񳾾ɽ䣡
ճüϲɫŨͻȻƷ
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ں̵ܶһɲǣȫѾתԺȻһһӿͷ˼άҲȻһ
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ÿһǰ󳷣˱ʹ룬ÿһ缡ÿһ˿ۣȫɼ
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˶һʹнͻͬɽɲ˾ӣ̷ܳ



743 ˻Եϣ
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Ϊ̫гղȥֻһžһۡ
ιһ㼱ˣ԰δüһͼ׹һǽѵǰԼҪ֡
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ХУƿ޴һ糱ˮ㱻㲨ƣǰɫӨ͸Ĺ棬֪ԽӲס
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ճĽ籼ףȫıŲɲɵĴ̵һ㡣
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ǰĸоȫǻ󣬵ȴһʧõϲЩߵıճֱۣȥ

ճԼһѿʱգһȴ֮ϡ
ͬԼ֣˼άٿأްֲг
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744 ˻Ե£
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ףһԽԽˣ֮ϻϲɫǵ𣿡
оƬ˽סӡƺʲôһš
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ŮüԼʮ꣬Ĵ۾Ľëཱུ촽ȫ˵ഺá
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һᣬŮҲѧˣ˭ѧ˭ȥѧ廨ٺͲգѧֶôȥȡĳһҹ幫ⲻҪ
ԾΣһֻɵһǽȡһৡһ齣ʣдʡ
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Ůһͨͨ˿ĽѧգֻǽһЩѧѣĽֱָ졢ľȶ¾Ž˿
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ǧ𣡡¶ɫҡֵΪ飬ϴ棬飬ҲľٶĪϽּɾֻСһ˼̳Уȴǲðˡ
ߣǻţȥʸĪϼ塣ǱЩӸɵˣǰþȥ˴ΣĪ빫ΪӵûôѾͻĽ׳Ӵ˴ͬأ˵ھһذȭûɢˡ
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ΪСŮȴҲգֻǵ˵ͷȴǲ֮ˣҲϣңȡõλôҵģȥ껹һ֣Ҫ͸Ī빫̣Ϊλӭʲôó
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ŮҲһɨǰ࣬һǵĸļ˾л꣬ߣȥ죬Σϣѹɣʵڲ̼ÿϴ桭
ճʱѹ˲ϸ˵ЩʲôһսţͼһŴһˡ


745 ·ںηϣ
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Ավһɫֻ࣬ϵĿһˡ
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ȻоƬҪȴ޸ճҲֻǵõˮˮдȴǺõġ
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ϣǴ鸾һϲǴ󾪣ֻϣִʦ˵ллɢʧǣʮаգҪʧô죬Ҷǡ
תΪ˵ҲЩڲԣЩˡ
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ճһȥϸŮԼԼܲһʮָ߹ص̺С
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ճ֪˵̬ȣʵһĸ׵ıȻɹηʧܣʧȥӵ֡
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746 ·ںη£
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񹥻ֶλˣ˾ͬʱ֪ôӦ֮ҪƿȻӶӲ˵ḽ
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˿ȻڴϺϢĶӣſǻʵִʦҺûɹ

ۼ˾Σ˵ҲûгɹѾѻĹǵӡ㳣ȼܲʧһģһϢɡϢǣúԶҪһκܳʱ䣬ҵҵ·
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죬꣬ϷѾȫҲֻһĵȴˡҰĪˡ
ۼ˾ͷһڴϵ죬ǡ
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ǸаħʮϤĸоҳԽʵײʱͨҲǷ˼ˣǵĸ˴ܣҲ㲻ܣֵ飬ǲҪ룬ֻรˣҳһǾ˵ĸݣܲѵùɡ
ճûۼ˾ֲܵҲû˰ʱѹ˲ֻ̫࣬оޱȡ
һģǰʱձãճϧ
뵽̻ĸ湦գ½аۼ˾ġ˺һĽ׵·ճһ۲
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༸ʮ꣬һصǰ
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ٱۼ˾һƣоƬȴѾ޸Բ״ı࣬Ҳ±ɢ±һƬ
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ʱƣоƬЯĽԽԽһĥһɺӿͷϴƯʮơ
ˣ˽һĹ⣬һǿԪ϶ᱻʱͨĴʱһˡ֪Ľ׵·ʲôʱȥѵꡣ
ճ󼱣оȥǲˣ̫Զ
ҺòԶһ˸ϵٹ̣ޱУȴúܽ
ˣִڣع飡


747 ɽˣϣ
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΢΢۾ͼǰĸǽڣһݽһͷڹ
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ΪճԣԼҲޱϣһ
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ڵ⣬˫߲УճϢÿһ̶⵽һһĺ⡣
ؼҹ۲ԱзĿһĻ̫ྫĻʵ̫ۡ
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ǲǵݣϲЦտ˵ӣճ磬ӢľΪ߻۵ŮˣѡΪɽѧ԰Уû
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÷֪ԭҲûãΪ˭ܶȡµһ𣿡ƲƲֻѡ֪ˣЩֶûﵽҲ֪ôˣڳ԰׷𣿡
˵Բ˫ۿĻеճϢֹ˷ܵţȴûע⵽һλоԱĵ˳ȥ
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ճһ˿̣΢΢̾ϢԶĻأϧˡ
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ͬӰ㣬ñɢĽʽԭתȭ֮ʱȫжȥȴвһȭ羫
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˷Ŀͫݱͣǲɣ֮ȴųӰȳ
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752 ʯ£

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ԣȻ˳ļֵǿǾƣһĲֵĳˣ֣»ϲ
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ΨһˣʱβԵøʵС
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촦һֱƺ·ȥ
ճųɫֻùɫûǰ㰲꣬ٵ¶һЩǡ
Сʧٰʲôûã
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ʬճһ
²ڵûдȾרʿжϣӦǴ½ħΪٺӦһħʦѧͽܵˡ
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Ӧö½ѧаħҪ͵ЩôǱȫˡճĿ䡣
ǻûӦǹ˳ɽ帺𣬽Щֻȥɽ̫ĹھơһЩȫ£Ща߲ҺΪ㡣
ɫӵ˵üɫأһճЩƣЩġ
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λıѹĻ˵Ҫ
Ҳû취˰ɣĻΪһͳɱȨҲͲˡ
𣿡ճбҪЩʲô
еģ½½ĻᴫһЩϢЩ˸´ɹ֮ҲþˣһߣһбһЭ
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ճɫԻȴƱʲôһʮܡ
ΪûʵԸһ֮ΪΪֱﵱһ⡣
ˣ
ǰԶһʮֺĶ羰ܺãڶࡣ
żɢܵˣ滺
ĸסĶǮе˼ҡ
ǰǺڼпʳϢһ¶ʧСᱻ
ΪÿһЩÿһ·ڶװͷ
ڴ˲Ǽѵġ
˳ͣǰʣһȥ棬ճԭȫӦڵ龰
۾оƬɨȫ죬΢΢ʶ
Դͻ֮һЩоƬɨǴʮ׷ԲͻƵʮԶ
ʱͿˣҲ
ֻһǼΪ׳ɫŭ˵°ͣ㻨ʱ䣬Ŵʮ˸СܲУѾȲˡһΣ¥ķҾǰʦ񹦴ڣȥҷ


758 նɱ£
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һط̫ãСĸϴһ̻Ħ׷ʮֽꡣ
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Ҳŭһ˫ӵ˵һõط¶ûҾÿһ㡣
УвõĸоԽӽ㲻֪¥ķһԤУܲһЩΣ
úãǾͲϣʮ˸ҲܲħˣЧһ㣬ǿԡǽɫͷЦúʿİЦе˵
߰ɣȥǵСѣոʱˡ
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Ҳڸһ̧Ⱦȥһһ죬Ϳһͨķ϶
վס˽סլ
߰˸˳𽺹һЩ˸׶ǹ֧ճҲֻͣ˵Щ⣬ȫˡ
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ΪѾСȫͷ棬ЩľЩɪɪһ󷿼䡣
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ۡЦʱȴǳƺճһܵ¥ѧȭһ˿ܰ
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ճͷͻȻһ£ô½½ˣʵأѵǽͨͬ
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ϸĵĲ쿴µΪϵĻɫȫɫԵĴﵽˡ
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ճ˵ֻҲķҪõҩȴǺס
ǰõһ˲ΣͻϲֻҪ´صҩģӦٰʮ⡣
µûĻ̺ܿͻԼˡ
Ϊ򺣺ƿغǣûôƿأ
ԣӺܿͻͲ֪


759 ˭ϣ
ճڳ˵Żһʱᶼ³ֱɫĺ΢ͬʱѾ̧ͷȥֻԶԶһŮ
Ůʮ˾꣬ƮƮϴ΢ЦǣһཱུСŮ
һ·СŮΧŮתתȥıģʱߴߴ˵Ż
СãСè
ճ۽΢΢ʪѾЩûˣʱţŷǣһֱͷ
³Զ黶һ硭˹
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ףСҲ书²ϸȣֲʧݣӽȭһ½̵ˡ
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ǰһЩ꣬һֱճһУʲôùܣѧԼһУҲĶ
ոճܲ˼ͷ
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һůͰСèͮͮһڣЦʵСèôˣûģ𣿡
й
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˽ݣЦУճ˸绰
ɫȥһˣԬҲ˹׼ڸˣ粻˳١
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ǰѧϰкô
ճ֪Լ䣬¾Լׯ԰סģﶼǵС䡣
λҲ˻֮⣬û˼һЩǡ
˵һЩ飬ĵ
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Ҷ
ҹ˾С顢ԬѾ죬˯ȥˣȴ̵ʰŷӣ̴ɫȴԽԽ졣
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һȥˣ컹ϰ࣬Ѹø㡣
ˡճ壬ڻµ۾ȥ⡣
˼ҹﶼʾôˣֲǳ磬ȻûʲôŤԣһˮɡ
ˡ

ڶ磬šžž졣
ճճ緹һ˯ȱСè۵
¾ѣһҪԾͻȻüͷһ壬ƺһֻرѡ
Ťճһѣ˵죬ȥӦ֪군ˡ
֪˰ɣճŷѾ𴲣˺˯ֻһᣬˡ
Сè̫ˣúúý̽Ժôš
ճһߴ·һ˵˯һᣬȥý
Ҫ·ù±ճĻŪúܲ˼ûҿûôƤ
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ЦЦճǷ´£ڷﻺһԼųȥˡ
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ֻһЩӣһЩľۻڴٿ⿪š
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УĿȥȥ棬һЩƮƮ
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˳̵ָȥճͿиѹѹķλźɫ⺷վڹ㳡м䡣


760 ˭£
ճʮǿǰȻиˡ
ļΪ࣬ĿԶܿеĺ⡣
ǹ˳ͽѵС
ѵŴͷͷ룬վǰͬͻ
ճĿȴѵУߵһλǣͬһˡ
ĿͬһĨ̶֪Щʲô
ճһƬɫ棬ȴǱѵϵǳɫ滹ҪעĿ
ǱڿҪ׺ڵĸ֡
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ʮڣҲǰΪô֣ճɻ
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㣡׼ճľȣȴ⻰ţƺ뷴йĵҶˣմѾǼ򵹹ֵˣȻˡǻǿһ֧ˣܸȫѻɷ⣬һϣú֧ʵѹȥء
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ճϸĿһ˻ɫûвսʿѾЩɧҲ˵ȻԺҵ£ȻһЩˣԸҵĿվϵΪؼũҲûá
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٣Ҳ
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롣

ճһ䣬ͼѵгͷʮվ˳
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ȫվȴ˷ƺ뿴ճôӦԣ
Щŵ㳰ζ²̨˰ɡ
ճһ㶣˵˲ͷ书ˣܳ濸ϣǳԴҩ
תһˣѵгǰ棬ټʮ֣ռӵ֮һʵзԣȷǲֻܺȰȥɡ
ã˵ǲԸ֧ˣҾͳȫǡ
һΣ͵ѵеǰһԵ룬书°ɡ
ճĿ
Ƕʱըοϸ˵˻´ռң˫Źڡ
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û뵽ճͲ׼໰Ҳ׼ЭֱӾͶˡ
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һҲһȭ˳ȥ뵲סƮƮȴɽһȭ
ۡһ졭
˾ĿŴۻһȭѵͻȻ;ή١
ӣɫŤ˫һ͹ȥ
ȴճһȭȭ֮δȭһ䣬ĵ֮ϡ
̥ͬһһɵϢɢ


761 Ǭϣ
ͷϹˣģ綼ִ࣬˶˰ɡ
˾Уճȴû꣬νһ͵վЩǰÿһȭա
Щ˸ովһ񣬴ʱȴɫţΪճȭӰӶ壬ѵͬÿ˵ﴦһȭήڵء
ճͬʱʮˣûһܷӦ
һλӿֻǸո̧ȾУſϣһš
ճλζ֮䣬˻ԭλЦеĵˣԸȫˣӴ˰ڼΪҲҲ˴ɱɱˡ
ûвԸָӵģվ

¶ٰʮȫһžûһõճôôأ˵ϵ书Ȼ滰
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ҪĽǻ
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ֻҪһѺõõ˳ּɡ
ֻҪĸ棬ԺȻǵǰ̣ҲպͻС
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Щ֣ɱûŹ
Ļ֮԰ѺǷַ⣬Ҳǿȫ޹˼ɵַ
£ִȫȻͬҾʼΣкô
һΪжһЩ£ٷ治סӣϣͲǸտʼʱӲ񡱵۵
Ѿˣǰĸ֪ͬһЩǿõޣΪ⡣
ʵֻڱ˵һ֮ѡ
ıˣܲ䣿
ճĽУĿ
Ͳţɱͷλ֪ȤĸָڶС
иͣģҲʵʵطѰ·
´ʦ˺ܾãճ˳칫ҡ
´ҵˣ˺ǣйϣغһУȫһЩҲ̶õĴ󰸣ͬģЩطػ޷ڡ
ճӹڣϸϸİһɨоƬ
ܿ죬оƬļ㣬ͷһЩɵص㣬пܹ֮ܲʮ֮ࡣ


762 Ǭ£
Ҫ´;ȫϣɽ˵ҲѾϣҪ֮ڣѺɨһ飬СóӬ֤һֻҲŹ
ǣүճ´ģЩЦЩƤ
ֻǧصһӾͷ鵽һʣ˶ǰ浣һƬյĸоá
½գճһȡ
ȷϵ֮ϵӢ֮ûм٣ȴһЩ
ںһ𣬶һЩӺݣʱЦճʱȻȻ͸ˬʣճʮܡ
˵£Ц˼䣬óһֽһݴ档
ЩصոսӵȭݴϢûʸˡ
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Ҳһ黰Ҳʵпǿճһˣһ׷ûж˼УȨʵҲû
Ϊֶֻ棬һɣȡòԺҲûʲô̫
ճи͸ͷͷԵľٶףҪˡ
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һƬҵ𣬼űҽвڶ
ԽԽսʿ˽ȥһʱʢ
׶εսʿִȷŴ߿
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764 £
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765 ǣʴǣϣ
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766 ǣʴǣ£
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ǰ֣ɫԼߣһڼ֡
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767 нˣϣ
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ڣֱ۴缡뷢ųƣҲԣ˵Ļᡣ
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غŵ˹ճ湥ԣͻʢǰΧԮȴճƺ䣬ȻԼæԴ
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ճ˳һ̽͸оżΣգƺԼֻҪʯͷ⣬ͻ֮ء
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Ҫճ˴ǰԭҲǴʯ⡣ûȥ̽һ뷨һ۾ջĿ⡣
̧ͷббȥָ磬ǽǵļͷ뱬ѡ
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ճѩԭϵսʿµľвҾ뿴صͨǲвͬķ⣿ٺ١Ȼ뿴صľӢжǿ
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ŶԭˣҲԽ½ԭˣֱӽѵҪˣɵ˰ɡ
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˻֣úĶ龲ȴ
ȻλսʿΪ˽½Ǿ
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ͨȻҲʮ־档
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ѾǼ˶꣬ĿĴﵽȻڴ˾ôҲɣִںĸϣ
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ܻ׷һᣬǽӰֱȥȴûס㬵ͣƽеˣ127ŷʲôȥɡ
ճ˻꣬ʲô鶼ûȻҲԭֻܰɻĵס
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ϹˮһƯҲһͨ
֮ôìܣΪǸʮеݳģ
׳ȥɾͳʧɽϣճֽ֮ţΪԼ֪
оƬԼ֮ûʯͿԵȡλ棬һžơ
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صǣճչأʵѾȲҪȥ½
صȻĶ֣չֳĽΪĶ
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ĵȴ̫ãԼҲƹ˳硢Ļһʧȥ־
ңִһΪɽȴ½ԶܶʱԽԽ
ĻҶԸɽɽһУԼҲȥˡ˾Բ⣬ûжΪʵ㡣ֻٽһ㻪и֣赲ĳһЩ顣
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УҲ֪Ŀģȴ֪ɽʵΣճıչΪּɡ
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ճǺܷġ
ϴι˳ɽϮ֪УϧƴҲҪԼǰ棬Ʒȷʵܸܵġ
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Ҳϲһ˾ͬʱ泩
˲ԣҲԼݣҪһֻС˼ճЦ˶ģܴƣ㣬СúԬȥҲһȥԼ˲չ˻չ˭
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ŹӰճϵһŽţƺ˺ܾãƺֻһ
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һδʱͨûʧԼľ;Ԫִֵֻȴĵ߰˰ˡ
һЩ鸡ֵϴλµһֵȴǲԶˡ
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ȴֻǵִһ磬ĵòˡ
ִݵֵδ̫鸡̫ã֮ǵöŪһЩֵȻǱиʲô¼ȥ·ѶûС
ǿʯԽоƬԶѰж˲ܵʯá
һɽҪࡣ
ʹһСᣬճźúò̽ԼΧĻʹ塣
һ䲻ʮƽĶңڳ輫ΪªһӲľ崲һ̱ǰһų¾ľи룬һˮ
ĺϮӴսڣܿƯڿС
Ҳ̫˰ɣ˵֮ңҲõһС֮Ұһ£ѵȥǮԣҵ塭
ô˺䣬ʹƺɢ˼һҵľԪأ
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770 󾳣£
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ˣʵ̫ˣ˺õ˶٣ʹҵľԪ
屾Ǿƫģ˴ĴһڱĴ֧顣
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԰ⱾǸˣոնҾܹˡ
ճɫڳææĵԪѪ޸塣
ˣϴȥڵĻƽ磬оƬΪʲôһҪ첻š
磬Ҫҵһõ˻ʵס
ִֵᷢǼʯʵǶ컯ÿ˶ɸ壬ûоƬԽôΣա
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⻹Ҫ顣
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ո뵽⴫̤̤ϸ㲽֨ѽһžͿˡ
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֪ǸոոԵʣں޸壬ܽһЩ£ʱһҲż
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ԪС
С仰û˵꣬ءһ죬ľű߿
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ĵȭͷȻЩ鸡ˮƽĸҲһ֮ʱԶ
ˣҲֻǽץסԺһЩƬΡ
ŸոС˵·𿴵һȰİͷһɱӿ顣
Ѫ֮ʱϡԼҴҼһϵݣȻ֮һ桭ͷԼɱȴ⵽Χɱ
һýһö̵һõĶơ
ͷսУһٱһƴظӲȥֻûסԼ˻
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ǣŵ˲෽˷
ԪͼıŴҽ֮λƿҽãңʱĴѰʲôһҵѪܾټĺ⣬ճͻȻˣ²򵥡
ŵˣԪߵĹȣǸ½ҽʿճǵã˽ߣͬˡ
һ壬⡢ȸ壬ӷ֮͸̼ңͬżȨɢܣԶǺ͵ǣԼһЩȫǵĺ˴
˴壬ڹ¿רԼһ޿ʮˣôҲǶġ
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Լ˳֮꣬·Сʯӡ
Ẓ̌СȴǺСŭյģǳʲôԸôԴѿֲܣ˭Ҵ˾Ӵģ뱻𣿡
һͣһ㵣һ˿飬漴Ӳ㻹ǵԼɣ֪ˣܵġУҽõĵ̣첡ÿˣҽ˵Ļ߲ȾҵȣԸͳ
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Ѿȷˣ߽ǰʵβԼûС
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С䱻һ˵ۿתǵ磬ճ˵ˣС䣬ø߹ʲôȫ뿪кηȴҲֵҶͣ
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ۺһоǰƺһֻ׶˶ɡ
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͸Ż˽һδƲ䶷ңЬһ
ĽԪĺݣʱʵ´ңĴ߲Ϊ˴ҲǣСĵá
ǰǰҽҽȷҽҲȥ˵пܻᴫ߲Ȼˡ
٣߰ɣǡ
ɡ
ԪһˣԸţճȥ﷢
ЩȫֲǷǺڰ׵ģֻ֪ϱˣʮ֡
ͬİۣӦҽõ֡
ѵЩ˶ֲ߲ʲô֢״˶ˡ
ճϸһȴݿ£ɫҡ
Ȼոմͨ޸࣬ҲһЩѪɫȴȻʮѿ
ٵö죬˿첡
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Ϊʲôˣճתһ룬ҽ÷ҽѧҽ꣬ͱΪҽü̳ˡ
ȻûʲôвȴҲĳЩ˵·
ճ̧ͷȥһƬžԶ߸ĻͥԺӦþ԰ҽþ
еݻլԺԭͷסĵطƽλỤ̊һūͷ̣һû
Ժ۷ǰֺܿ˵עӣԶԶ˹ճоƬɨȥӰӳС
ֻһԼʮĴŮææĸ˹󻹸żŮĹ
һȴԶҽǰʯ
ͷʿǸ׳һۣݹ׾Ŀ񣬵üͷƺǡ
λ̸ֳ˵Ŀͷ˵ʲôЩŭɫ
پ߰ˣ⺷ǿ


772 ֮ƣ£
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һδԽɻȴҪǿˣԭɢ֮󣬼һʱỹǴڵġֻҪǿ־ĳִƬǰ䡣
ճǴŮˣһصͻȻ˭
Ůͷ㣬ȻΪС飬С͵ĸ㣬Ӧò֪˭ܣ·ˡ
ȻǷϣһС
һ·⺷ʿճҲڼˣԼǰǴ򽻵ģǷĶִڵ
۾һڸƴɱʱһ֧Ϲòײž˻
ѵõĴ֣ר˹ɱǧսʿ
ŵͷȴҲһ򵥵ǰķͷࡣ
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СѾͷĸȾͥɽһγҩڼ
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773 似ϣ
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775 ΪӪϣ
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ֶǰԣҽã㵱ȻǴҽԪڵЩɡ


776 ΪӪ£
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˵ִµȨȻܴڵƹսˡ
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ҪԪϳҽãռҳ׵ȴǲ̫ʵʡ
治

ļ죬ճҲûȥͶ԰֮Уһһεĸǿ塣
һأһǿ׳ճҲ԰һЩ
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ˣ
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777 ֱָҪϣ
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Ǵҵʮһ֮꣬Թ·壬
·
һĴˣ¬¡ŽơʿԪˣһڶ壬´ҡ
ͥıԽɱԽƣ˵ȴԽԽࡣ
ʱãΪ˶ֹصˣؿءͤǱַ
;ǵĶɽׯ˽չ׳ġ
ǵҪ췴ûб޷ֵͬȳұͶˣ޷
߸կ񼽨¡ŷ˺˳ƶ𣬷չ׳
Ҳǰһӽ߸կŰ֮ǣķܱͶ˲żüãƿصɽӪʱѾΪһָĴ
ŷ𽭻ͨƴݣռơ
񼽨ºɨӱ˿ɵС
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ʵ۵ĻƵҲøŷϣ׼һЩ飬ʼ¡
˰ʮڸķ֮£չ
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С˵Щ´ʵսʿ˵ġ
һŮ˵ʱܻԵЩ졣
õûõϢɳߵսʿͣٱһЩŮ̸Ȥ£뵽ճĶС
ģͶԵǰľһЩ˽⡣
˵ƾոտͿݳŵС죬ܿĻѾɱʯȭǰ湦հġ֪Ǻֹ򣬻᲻ǿĺƣ
ճ˼άԾһЩõ˺£Щ
Ļǲģ׼ΪӪҪһ㡣
˷ɱҪΣյö࣬ҾͰۻϦ
һĴܣһСľţ⵹ҲûνΣյǣһЩһĴɱˡ
ϲԽ£·ϣ˵˼ҿ˳ۣͻһԽ
˾ǡ
ɽ
ڴ˷羭Ӫͷ֪жǿʵæЩʲô
Լִᣬ϶᲻׷ɱ
˼ȥճԼʵҲΪƾֻǴﵽһΣһûﵽʱȥޱҪ
ԣȲȥᣬҪ˵õȵָΪ׷Ҳһ
٣ˣƥѩҹֿʼ񣬿Ϣһ˥ȥƥǿҪˡ
ճ˼ŽֹԺſڽһˣԶʹ
νýݵȻЩǣȴΪƽ
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һƥֻڸɲݶߺߣһƥϵëҪ⣬ٲοܾˡ
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ǰԿóãݵһôҡ
ճȻѾò̫࣬ԪҲù⣬ν˷ʱ䣬ȻҪΪһ㡣
ҽĻȡҩģôеõô
ӿ֮Է
ǰķͥɽҽ̫
ҽôҽǣȴͬҰԶΪҩĺǮȫˣͿ֧ȡٲˡ
ճñ룬ҲõôĲ£ҩ϶ѱռҵ˰ѿء
򣬷ͥɽҲΪζⶾҩݣͳȥԲҩ
Ǵҽǹٰ˭λٶԲҩģһ£ʲô¶𣿡
ճûɵ˵˸С
ĲִҲΪ²ƽɡ
ˣ֪ˣƥҲκãֻԻĲҪϸô򵥣úҩٸУ
ճЦŽ͵淽ʧֵҵõòˣܿԶԵȡ
ҡҡͷתݣӲȥģӣ˵ȥڵһأǰЩӵսʿŪȥ
ԣճ׼ϵɻҲƻĵڶ
ֱָҪ
֪ԪֻôӦ


778 ֱָҪ£
ճ鷿ĥīֽʣ˼һ£Ӻ顣
淽վ⣬ûиճڴӦĵ˿
ڵΪʲôβӣ淽ƽﾭڱЩԣ׵ġ
ҲΪˡĬĬ
ֻмỤ̊ЩҽʿҽûȫΧԪߣ֪ĶռСǸҽ֪ĻΪǴҽأȫƨҲ˵ġ
һ⺷սʿƲƲ
һȴЦҺҺûռôݣֵֻҪպãθλͳһȴǱȱǿ̫ˡ
淽ɫˣСǱۣˣΪ顣
ģ˵ôСԶûôõͳ̫Сˡ
ճһдҩһǼۣЩǣ淽ԭǸͳ죬Ͳ֪ǴٱʵҲﵽڣҲһС֣Ȼˡڷ֮Уʹﵽ˾ĸ֣ӦҲǲࡣ
淽ļʮսʿţƺģʵ߾Ҳֻڡ
淽ȣǲ̫ԶҲܳΪˡ
ôһȴߴҽڵҲļˡ
㼱㲻ż
ճһЦѱʸ£˴ֽţֹī֭ʡ
ֽž߳鷿
һ£ǰЩҩļ룡ٶƥҪκȫ޺֢ɲ̫ģߣͰһҩɡ
˲Ρ쾰졢ѩ֥ѩ顢ڡۡƾʯ顢١ɽǡĲݡ򻡢
ʮҩ֣滹ǰ˲ξҪ֧
淽ӹֽһͷˣͰ͵ʵ٣θѣõ˶ҩ𣿡
ճЩһۣȻʶ֣֪ҩġ
ʱ֪ʶ¢ڼУƽ֮лᣬпϾʱȥʶ֣һֵþ顣
ǿٺˣԵСʱ־ԶҪϰʶָıˣʵҲǱֻ͵͵˽ӽ͵ӽζѡ
ʶֶģѾƽԺ顣
ǰС赭дľͱ¶ʶĶֶҼʶǳһǴĻͳ죬ճһҲ
ǰپûݼʶһֱûһ㡣
淽˵Ϊʲôƥκˣȴ˥ȥ
ճͻȻʵ
ǲûϸ𣿡淽Ī

һ˲ǸβãһתܲٴβУԲԣˣͬƥʵѾˣֻΪ̫ãѪĥ𣬻˸ֿˡ
ճ׻׻ʵƥˣľȻͻȥ
ȻϹʵΪڡճ뷨ԼӼǱֻα겻α͸˳˷ܼһǸʱ䣬ֻ˥ˡ
ʱҲûܿóΪƥǱκˡ
Ҫô죿淽֣ܿһҩģҽȴһϲͨˣֻЩ
һ˶£淽ɫˡ
ȱʲôʲôҩĹ࣬ҽΰٶƥʹãȴ١ճɫָָֽڣͷȥҽҩĲֿҩɣʲôʱ׼ȫͶҽΣûҩɸΪ֮ҲΪ
ȥ淽λսʿȫɵۡ
ֻߴճ㶯ȥȴָʹȣñ֪սʿӻ᲻Ц
ճûİڰֵǣѵһҽԼȥҩ
˵ȥеС䣬С䡭ȥ¥ɽȣôȥôã
ǲ֪¥µжɺޣĥƤŪôһ㣬´һȥС״˵׼ʳʱ򣬳ʦǾ¿ˮ
ճͷ΢ɹݡ
СС˹żͣ翸һЩʳ
ճֻһۣ̾˿׼˼¥Ⱑô⣬Ե𣿡
٣㲡ոպãöಹһͼرܳԣǲܸʡ
С˵˵ţճȻЩŤš½ǵͷ˵˼ң˼Ҳһ㡣
ã³žͺáճ֪СʼϰȴмʮȴЩˡ
淽дҩֵֽžһᣬټճС˵к׼ͣȴǲԼˡ
ﰧ̾һֻתȥ
ճż˱ӰԶȥЩ⣬ֹҪҰ£ֲռˣڵáүӷģĳһһҳ˭µĶ֣
٣˵ʲôСıָż˰źãȴճãͻȻоϺʢɻʵ
ճһЦβûʲô˵ҪԳĿ죬ݳ򻶵ζڴ𣿡
ððȥ֣٣ҶˡС̰Եèһ۾Ź⣺㲡֮󣬾ȻôóԵķʳ¥ЩʦŪĲƷֱʡ
Уʱ仹磬ȥÿĹβܵˡճ˿ɫ̫ոңһõʱ̡
Сأ̰ԣȴǲ̫š
˵϶ʱ䳡Ůһ׽һҪÿϰÿ¶ÿˣϸҪӡ



779 ˳ϣϣ
ճСȥԺһǡ
һĿյأƣһӯӯʻʢΪ
ǰͷڵʱ򣬾ͻᾭЩݲݣһЩƽѰѰŵҩݣԱʱ֮衣
ճûˣֻǿߵĿ밲
СһһһʽԹԵվ˶ǯ
޸ɹĻ֮Ѫʮֽ
ճֻоһ²죬ֽŻӶȴ಻г֪δ綼δ졣
վһʵӳ
һлôͷϰ
ҲǱ߹ĵ·
Ⱦϰվ׮Ѫ
ȵϤ׮ǿȣͿϰ㾭׽糹죬ͶȺǿӲϴﵽҪ
ֻҪһУͻ˺Ѽ⣬ŤͷҲø˽ˣ᲻սܡ
С俴ճڳһֵƣ糯΢΢ɶҲȻ
Сû̫ۣҲȥ£ֻԹ
һһţ͸ǰţû˴ڡ
Ϊǰʵû̫ڸУȻһЩֶΣҽطû˶ġ
ռڴ˾Ӫ̫꣬
ճ׮Ϳʼϰ㾭ʮ
ЩǿǱƣʮֹŹ죬ʱȻټܼŵģͬ
͸һЩССѹһ㣬Сֻһֶķš
ӦþǷүүģǰֻ̫ǰ飬ϲϲϰ岻̫ԣҲβ̫أʹ˼ʼϰˡ
̫ĵԽԽߣʱš
СһȻӽİ֮Уճ³һоѪԲڣﶼɢů⡭
һߣߵͷŵڿУһתķ߰ٶʮȣһƮϣ
漴һִӲ෽ߵԺӰɭɭ
˿Ļһֶǲ˼飬ֳܷǸݵ޹ǣƺܴһǶȳ֡
ңܿɹǣվڳ߳ȭ̧㣬滺󷽣ȴûдһܾɫгͳһ
ߵĺ裬СȫһӰ졣
һЩС
С䣬ҲһСؽȻ˿ûз߻ڴȭȡ
ճƶƽϢ
оѪҺ飬תָת֮޲⣬һӿͷ֪յĶѾ㹻
ЦЦתͷС
ĽȻսɱճʮ⡣
ӡУŮӲӦϸһĽ
⻭Ҳ̫ˡ
С֮ʱȻȻʮۣһһ
֮ŶصĽ࡭ظӹ
ճ֪У׽ܽ׳壬ܾ߱һʵսֵ߰˸С첻⡣
С䣬㶼ˣͣϢɣ廹ûɣɱ̫֮ʱ䣬˵ġ

СսʣСظٵ˼£ѹ·ڵѪ
һ⣬͸Žĺ֮ɫ
ɻĿʵС˵׽ôСԽԽáȵǳͣһھѪԪɲķ
ķ
ֲ룬ӦȡԲһƴҵķɣѹֵս֮
̼佫УһŮܿķţճ߷Ǳķʽͬ
ѹˣ˸͵Ӧû𷥸֪ķ᲻ֲ
ﶼеõʲôͻʧȥʲô
ճСϵ׹΢΢ҫҲһ˿˿С
쳤վãܾܿͻѷѵõһԪ
ճ΢΢ҲͲٶԣϾԼֻǲ룬˴ȱݣ̼ҲһֱЦ˵Ҳϰţֻ´ķʹʱ͵ͣòѪҩ
ܹģ𡣡
СС˵ı˷Ц
ճ˵ʮƺе￩һ£뵽һ飬ѵ˵ģǿȥ壿
ˣүүҽѧңѧı£ʮһȴῴġ
ţԺ취ô⣬߰ɣȥ
ճ˵䣬Сݡ
ȰҴ֣ͻسץӣɾͲˡ
㲻֪ô£ЩҼ٣˵С㰲ŵģҺúչӡС俩Цճ˳
ճողԪʱûҩֻܶʳѪӯ
ڳ̫ʳֱʡ
ճΪ˲ŰԼ׼пԼ֡
СǰżȻԵΪˡ
ÿճ֮ʱͻŲ䷹϶ϲܡ
һͬˡ
ճİгһ鳤һЩͨͨϣ塢ˡ󡢿ܣɫѤá˱ǵʳһֱˮ
С֪⼸ʳֻÿ㣬ǲˡ
ǵǰԵһȻȥĸףۣܰܶûᵽ
Ϳ˺ܾãճ˯һֻ֮ˬʱҲоӿˡ
ԹСͦСӣ뿪ǵ˸ʳУװһس˵ϳԡ
ճֻЦЦҲֻǶߡ
Թ֮Ҫݣȵճʱ򣬾ͼһü˳۵Ůǰ㱨˵á
ճǰͼ淽Ѿˣڷһҩ
ճͷһƣɫͳ
淽Ǿ׼⼸ζҩȥǲҪɣ
ҩֻǼζĲҩһ򼸽֣ճҪİ˲Ρ֥ĲݵҩģһûС


780 ˳ϣ£
ճһƨϣ˵;ʦԳȥҩܲΪҽҪҩԳȥժǻ
ģǼķŭⷢš
淽֪ôӦ
һᣬճŭƽ淽ŵҩ˵Ƿҽöȹ࣬ûж棬ʵûа취
һûа취ճЦˣǰȻҽҲ޴֪ǰʱҽý˴ҩģʦ׼֮Ѫ룬ûʼ֣ͳˡûдҩķݶأѵԼȷˡ
淽һֹ
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ĳԿնĳ鱨ΪλߣҪ̵ôеǰ취
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˭ƨ϶ɾ
˵ƴ£İճ˲£Ҳֻǲ¶ѣȴݺݵĵռңԺǰ;
첻ò£ڵ֣һЩӡ֣Ҳ¡
뵽淽ɫƽҲ˵ֻǾȴճӦ
ճ΢Ʋ۽Ϳ淽ɫС϶˽սȴǾѱѺռϡ
ԼҪͷȥռҳಲҲ롣
ճһʼû롣
ڵҪ֣ҲֻҪ֤Ѱһڶѡ
淽ʱִ¿зԸʲô
ճŭֹЪƽ͵ʵ
淽ﰵݣҲ˲оճıڴִ·Ըҵȼ˾ָɣΪԱ¡
ճһϲ׷ʵҲ˵ֻҪǹϵ⣬ҵǻǿģ𣿡
淽һæ˵ˣǶ޹֮ˣ޹֮µǿɲӦУǲ޶˶˴ĳˡ
ĳ˵ȻָԪռˡ
⻰˵ճҲ֪ġ
ã⻰УģΪҳԱ˳ŵģȥν˵ˣȥһҩʧ԰үҲΪ׼Ǿһزɡ
淽ӦУճ̧ߣȴǳҩⷽȥ
淽æҩϣȴΪ⣬ֻۿš
ǰǿҩĲֿĸɸɾһҩģǼλòײ
ʱȥһݶҲ
죬ȥǲ׼ȥӲƴֿˡһλҽʿüɫĵ
ͬȥͬȥҲǱƵû취˰ɣҿȥ񣬻ȥҼҩݺŪȥͺãα벻أ
һλҽʿҡͷԵ̾Ϣţƺճжʮֲá
Ĵ߳ҽʿͣȫճ˷ܵĹʣֿɿôܴ
֣һϲֲ֣ǶλµƣǷ̡
Щ´ңĴֻģ˼ýҲףˣҲϹˡ
˭Ҽãôϲˣ˼ﶨ֮ҡ
ԣ˼ơ֮ͼϲ졣
λ½ǡ񡱣ʵǽ󡱡
ֿҩıһ£ùһ죬ȴ쳤վá
ҽУ˭֪ҩȥ·
ֻҽһҽ£¶֪
ҽʿȴһиŭߡ
ԭȴռҵļӣΪūȻλߣȨɲС

Զļɽһ˫۾һĻһλʮ߰ҵĹ
Ŵ󹭣վӰݣɱ֮
ճ˶ȡһСֽҴҼд֮ͣϣ乭
ԡһ죬ǽ⡣
𳤹ľڻҲ׺ճ
ڰ죬ȴûܹ
ճֵʱ򣬾֪ԼĲû
ģԲͷϴŷĨ΢΢С۾µµתԵʮ־
ճ淽ϵЦʧɥ٣ϸ粻ԸΪһʵڲֿûҩˣһǲݶ˹ȥ
ԴʮֿУ˲ľͻš
ճľȴӦĳӹһ˿䵭
תͷһվͦءĿⶡһ˿Īʡ
ӻϷֿⶡɲᣬʱбʮֲм
˼ԣΪճȡ衣
ճЦЦҲ⣬ֻǵҩûҩˣôҽӣִȥ˵ҽһƶϴҽҲա
Цһϣճޱ淽ˣϸλᣬôִܸ˵ϻҵи飬˵ܱʶҩҽǴã֮ҩڶ࣬ʱȥɼһЩҪֵĻмλⶡ

ճЦãԭҽõĴҽˣλȨذϲϲ
Щ£ϸֻҩ£ﹻʸ񵣵ҽһְ˵Цˣҽôҽ𣿡
ߣҲ֪Ǵҽָȥҩôĵӣ淽£ҵúúʣôϡҩģôȥģ


781 ֶΣϣ
ǣ淽һ㶣Ӧ
ͻȻǰճʻϵ飬ָɡʱȻˣ˵ҩȥ򣬻¹ش֮衣
淽ҪǰˣӷӦȴ졣
һֵһͶ㵽ĸⶡһ淽ŭҽõ飬Ҳ֣̫ܲˣټȻ޹鷳ͱǰָ˵֣
ӿڷѣĸⶡͻȻʣһֱ淽ءһ˸;
˳Ʒճһ˶淽λսʿ
Ǽ˻ûǲճˣͻʣ󼱣ҪǰȴѾһ
˻Ȼ
֮УҲ֮⡭
ǻΪ˫ụ೶ƤΪҩĵ۲ݣֵò֮ȴû뵽ǸƽΩΩųųҽʿһӶֱӼìܶ֡
ķӦ֡
淽ַ֣磬λⶡһأֱճȥ
ǵƺ͵һ̡
һҽʿվȺУɫһ˵뵽ֶ˵ã϶ԴСбޱֻҪ٣淽Ҳûг֣ˣĻճ
԰淽λսʿͶǹżʵԷ࣬޿ְ浶ǹӲƴҲ¡
ٱ£ٱ裬Ժﻹҽöۡһҩ¶ס˭Ĵҽְλסǵ͵㡭
ЩҽʿȻʮֲΪˣʱȴǰǰӵֶΣΪ˼ΪͻҲʮֲ
ѹһūҽռסҪλá
淽㲻𣿡
ճĺƽ޲ƮƮ˵
Щҽʿܿ飬￴
һЩȴǿˣǾ淽ʵ
˶Ϊ淽Щⶡһˮƽȴ֪СȻòȷԳƵ˲òࡣ
ճʣ淽һ죬оһɼӿͷ
£˵վһԵճĽԼǰⶡѽ£ɴĨˡ
Ժʲôͳ

淽оһԼżĳӶҲӵ嶸Ȼбб˸򣬽һš
ۡһ죬ʯ汻ȳһǳǳСӣͬһֻ㵽·ⶡǰһײڿⶡؿڡ
ءһǿⶡײ÷ڰվͿѪеĳֻǻӵһ룬ֵ䡣
ʽ
淽ֹͣ̽Ѿ׽ס˳
Ʋͣ赶ҫһ͵ճǰ
Ѫһ˶ȫƺһХճⶡȫһҽУɶȥˤڵء
ȴһ֮䣬ȫ淽ֱϣ˿ɼǣѪ
𾪵ĵ˿ڣǼڵϹԶȫȻ淽̺֮ˣս֮
ݡ
һ
Զһ˫۾Ҳһһƺ淽ҲǴΪ⣬૵С£СȴǶˣӦòΣա
ҽʿ˳淽۹ʮ־棬
ɣ׵淽վȻ˶۷壬֪УѾΪһԱ
Щҽʿû٣ʶȴǲ٣Ŀұ죬ƽ̸ۡ
ʱ淽֣ȻܹףóأǴﵽ۷塣
ճЦ
Ϳ͵ĺСղϻɫڣЩⶡȫһΡ
סԼճòڵ˵ĳ⣬Ҳա
淽ɫڳͱˣôҲ첻
һ־סһŵ֣ͨһӵճǰҽ淽Ҳ
ãˡճЦе淽ļСЩˡ
ﲻôԸ£Ӧ黹ģ㹻ˡ
תͷͷðӣת䣬ԵһȣҴ򣬲ı˭ֱӴι
ԩ٣ҽûмԵĿһֱÿһҩ֧мأſȥ顣λսʿڵأļˣе
ߣҩ֧ô֪ʦҲδù˭֧򡭡
žžĹϵĳ﷢ųվǸ˹ˣûɵĶһ˿ݡ
Ҫʳıҩȥûõģ˭֪ռһ㱻ҲйһɿڣùĿɲһˣ˶Ҫù
ǰҽ£ȴЩˣֱӸռ˺ƤԺӿô죿ã˰󲻳鷳ʹˣ˵ĳһ졭
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ʢΪִ£鱨ˣֵһ֣ȫɱ˵֣ȫһûбĴҽʧϢ


782 ֶΣ£
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Ⲣ飬ԼܷٻָΪϵش
է˵裬ѵôĺɿŪһϡҩģճôҲϷŹġ
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淽ĵĿ˿ճԷ޲ҧҧλʹ˸ɫ
ͣͲҪͣ
ոӵΪ淽ҲССĶһǱʵǿһ϶ᱻˣʱȻû̫ͬġ
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һ޵Ŀ⣬ǰߵӸǰȥ۾ʵʱ㻹𣿡
ֻͬ۾һӣҲ̸˭˭߹ֺαԼΪ˱˵ĽʳԼֵ̫ӽЩÿ콿檣ҹҹ裬أȴ׹ǵҲ޷ˡ
ճͣͬ컨
ﲻɵЩõ飬ѿһ˵ɳ
λʿָӣԶͣ˹
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ĸʱ߶ûк³ǼūңʮأõĽ֡
һΣ淽ҲﰵճûʶӾӣ˵㡣
ʫ壬˵Ļʮֶ˽̫ǳʱЦˡ
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ⷿǰţȫĿɿڴֶ϶
ΪʹúˣӵЩɣʱȴʲôʲôȫûǰľơ
ճվǴһ˿Ц⡣
Һγ֪ЩūŵƷԣʵ΢־֮ӴַûķֲܼУҲò˵һ
ͬһ飬ճµ˵淽ŸҩĵȥѾף߰ɣҲš
˵굱ߣԪסȥ
ҽúܴ󣬵ǼլȴòԶ
ԪռҵϵҽȻȨסլȻȷҽӴҪӴҲûʲô˲
ҲԿóԪҽˮƽôҽֻǵһҽʵϻ˵㡣
ϡҩļҲȻֻҪûʹõûȫ
ܲµҩȥһ£ռʳһ£ЩֵҽʿͣȻǼ֤
ûв͸ǽֻҪͻ޿
ԣֿڽһճѾҵ˶һռҵɡ
һ˳£淽ҲòϣȥռҲߣʦ˭˵֡
ճȣֻҪѰҩ淽
ԣ²С
Ȼ淽Ҳоˡ
˾ռҵϵȴνģοֻ£ҽôҽ¹죬Ҳû̫ɻ䡣
ճȣ˳ֱ룬ɽ磬ҡ
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СļҶһȭߣҲñֱήڵء
鷿ճҲɣֱѰҼǽ
ѾܼٽŲ
һΣľٲõĻԺʿһЩ֡
ճĸӦ֮У˴ﵽ־磬һ죬ףɽ֮ϼƷ磬졣
ƣȺС淽ѷɫ



783 ڱصãϣ
ճ΢΢һЦõͦ죬ȴѾˣ׽׽ߣǰô˵
һǵŮͼ֨߹һһŻҩŨƢ
̧ȥľܣŸҩģ˲Σ֥ڡѩ¹ס
ݡ

ҵģҵģȫҵġС令ʳУˡ
һԲԲʮƲ죬˵˵С䣬ƽҿʲôóԵģûٸ㣬ǵӲһһ룬㹻˰ɡڲͳһ⣬ԣ⣬𣿺óԻˡ
СǡСֱ磬ȴԲС
ڣִʳץһ⣬ʹ׽¶ɫ
⣬ݵأƽɳ
׵ˣΪڿڳȫףʵڳ⡣
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СһС͵ͨ죬ǳһ𣿷ȫԹ⣬ٲ㣬Ҹ㼱Ҫνˣ²£
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Ҫʳ
ôҲԲ׼ϸϸƷȴˣ˵˵͸ɵһ롣
һʳװٶҲô㣬ۼٲֹҪꡣ
Сǰ˫۷̹Сȴо˶
תͷһƣͼϸСɵָʳһӨͬ˻ȥ
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һԵõһֶʳС
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Сûʹæѽʳб˻ϸˣСֹݡ
С䣬𣿲ǳ㼸죬𻨸ȥٸ磬Ұ磬ýġʱҪԶʳҲ룬ȻҾͰ±С㣬ͬھ
𻨸ܸҲʳֱʺòãСŭ
ҲܣҪ顣
Ҳֱ磬԰Сһǰһ󣬽վýָ΢΢ţ׼
ڻ԰һʳȫȫ⣬ʮ֡͡ԶмѾվš
Ϊһĸһսȹϸüб޽ǣ۾ǳһѳ֮߿űʯ
վ԰ӵģлƺʧȥɫһӡ
߾ʮҵĴŮ㣬ʱ͵Ц͡
ٺ棬һλװ̣ʱݺݵĶСˡ
ʣλ̣˵뷨ӵȻ͵ȡ𻨸λˡ
С伸òֺͻȻ͸оϷ䣬תͷһͼˡ
ŵûһ飬æǰ

²ˣ϶ҪӡС伸˲̧ͷ͵͵ĴɫֶԷʳ
սȹŮӱǰŵ÷ͻȻչһЦ԰Щ΢ɱʧ١
ͷżλСŮȴǡðǼСİҽ̵Ľʳѧãܺãܺá
С䣬Ҫʲô⣬ѹ𻨸ⶼһĲֵ
һҲóԣȹ𻨸̫ԶˣǲҪ˰ɡ
СС۵òˡ
֪ˣͲݺմˣʳжסǹζŵﶼա
ٷϻ˽͵̶飬ҿףҪ췣𣿡
㫑ʱͦıӣһ˿С
ʱСýˣʳһŵζƺܹԭʼĿǾǡԣ
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㫑ȲĴһʱӨ͸ʯһ⣬һ͹ҫ·𵭵ơ
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ΪһԻÿԶȲϺóԣ㫑ץһ˿ٶ
һ׽Ͼ𾪡
һ㣬ζըζл
ƺĲݳȺܣϮŲ㡣
ƾ棬Զһƽҫ˵Ĺ
ůһ˫Ĵ֣ĸ׵֡
μ䣬㫑ͷص
ףÿһ괺֮ʱͻԼȥ̤࣬Ҳ;
㫑ֵһʱ⡣
Ų⣬΢΢ţ֪Ͱ˸⣬ȥõʱȴ׽˸ա
Ȼûˣ
һɾ޴ʧӿ飬㫑ôһС
ˣСŮΪλ᲻˻֮Ľ飬òɿ
Ա˸ʳʱһδĸо
ӣܷŹһҪٳһΡ
㫑۷ŹĿС䣬Ҳ˲ɥĥôڡ
С䰡̶ˣ⡭
ҽóˡ
һȫƤױӢ뺷Ůηӹûǰ˵ٴ淽ˣֱɱԪסӢ޻㱨˵˫ܻ֣ܿΣա
㫑ɫһ䣬ɱҲ˭Σա
ҽ޿ģԴӷҽȥ֮󣬾͹һˣôùռң
ֻǳȥһ˷ѣҽ÷Ͼͱ˷ȥҲ˭˴󵨣ûⳡﰡ


784 ڱصã£
㫑һ䣬һɱˣķѹ£ȫ˳ųͬսһƣ¶ɫ
һЩ˵ٳ֣ϾŮ֮ʵøǿ
ֻߵһЩ̲֪λСɲûʵսһ䣬ÿ궼кܳһʱ䲻ǻױ¸أһЩǿԽ
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ߣȥٺ£ҲͰˣռҸˣʢ̼ƴռƴ󣿡
㫑Ҳټ֣ͳ԰ӣԸȥһˣѴܹܽϣҲڼҵʱҪƹܺճ񣬿ûоΰ

ճǽųһ˵淽оˡ
淽Ҳϲκգûҵ֤ݣǶԹ䡣ˣҵʧٵҩģԪСҪù
ɵ˵ŻλսʿҲ
ţռ̰īҩģ֤ȷ䣬Դ˸ۡѲ飬ҲͲʲôˡ
޹й
ճȫиüͷһɲҪ̫磬СԪգ
ɣûô󵨣زˣͷܷ죿淽ٺЦ˼
δ䣬⴫һȣӣ컯֮£Ҵռ׵ԡ
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ʮֻɡ
ɽϷҽˣܸܿռҴйϵ
ʱû֣뱩¶Լǿ书ʵ
Ż֣Ӵͷٳ֣ԶҲˣ
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壬һһģĪǰ
ճȻս淽ȴǴŭ
Ѿѵҩڣ˽֣ѵɱڣõˣռҲҶ
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Ѫ⣬ȷ磬׶ͷҧȥ
ӵ;ˣһ׶ͷͬһط
ȴ淽֪׶صᣬһҡѪǵеĵ

׶һ졣
׳һ𣬱һؾƫб˴׶Ų෽Ķȥ
¡һײ鷿ǽ
ľʯ׷ɣټ鷿һŻȴ˰ߡ
淽صȫһ𣬺һɺ쳱ӹ
ƷʢһȦⶸȻŲ෽һƬǵ㵶â
֮͡ڶ
һ͵ϮٽһСȺ衯
һСӽʹ׶󣬲ػأһխĺϢʹվճͼսʿ
˳ֿݣȻһ֡
ŵⱬ淽ǵǰѽ⵲˻ȥ
ֽ֪֮Լһ㣬ҲӲƴμˣ淽׷
ʹ׶Ҳ¹£Χ淽һˣשʯ鷿ȴǲòˡ
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㿴鷿ǽöҩģ
һ˾С
˶淽սλո֣ĿתʱþУȫȥһʱ
Ǵҽ֮ˣˮƽߵͣϡҩȴû˲ʶ뵽ǰճ飬˭֪ҩġ
ˣΣգ
ôץԪİѱ𣿡һ˲ʵ
꣬С㣬Ԫ֪ûеߣ㿴Ȼҩվ֪ΪˡץߣۼҪﻹ̵ס϶Ἣˣʱҧһڶġ
ҽʿҿ˿СùְһŪþͰԼȥ浹ù
ɫһ¾ͱˣƺҲ뵽ʲô
ĴִڷȨǳߴܹµǰ鰸ռ˻ɵ֡
ֻһλ޿ʳ¯Ĵҽϼλսʿռҵϵȴ˵
ʱһӰڵֿ㱼˹Զȵ٣ԼУҲû˭鷳Ҽ£ȴ
ԾУ˫𾢷磬ճһ˶
˵ʹ׶ӺխҲͬʱ淽ǣƵճ
Ԫã
淽ͷ𣬿ǳƣ֪ԷʵӦҲǵ˶۷壬Լ¼λսʿȴôҲסġ
ļ٣ĵΣˣ



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淽µĲԪһ˶λսʿֻ棬æ趯ӦУסճ
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׻ɵȥ³Ѫһɾ޴ˡ
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ԪЦһһһ죬ճץ
ڰתڡ
Сģ
㿪

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Щٿ
ǵӡ֮У޸֮Ĳôֵܵס书ֵһץ֮϶Ǵƶǵ³
ճɫƽԪһצϮϾȴЦ
ֻҪ㹥ҷҲӦΪҽ˹ַƲסȴɱˣҲûʲôָģҩҼȻˣ˭Ҳߡ
һ̣ճҲ˲Լʵˮƽˡ
˼ȥҩҪ
еĵҪԼʵȴҪ߹ϵԼϵ֮
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ճ̲ס֣һХ
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ӢޣҽռҰ£㾹˽Բ֣Ǻε
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Ԫɫһ쵶ն飬ʱ֣滹֪ηչ
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ǣҪڼ֮ɱ٣ȴ룬ֻתĿ꣬Ӣ޳ȥ
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ԪլڴôãΧ۵ҲԽԽ࣬˵ռұһûзӦôҲܵġ
Ȼ˴֣Ŀ֮£ԼԼֲ˼ɱ֣ѾҪֵҩģֻܿᱻ˶˻ȥ
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Ϊһֱֵʱʹ׶׳ͻȻֱһ飬׶һ飬ַ˳ȥ
׶ǽȻƳ¶淽ϲһɡ
ˡһ׳ǰһնɳȥʹӴٲȥ
淽бһгһɨնϸ֮ϣꡱһ죬ϸ飬˿ѪҲеˡ
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æһ࣬ȴѲϴһѪ⣬Ǳˡ
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ƣ㷢ʲôһ𣿡
Ӣޣ淽ҲͣѶִ򵹾ֲͣ־
ճ̾һ֪Щ飬ǵÿԼгֲףⲻˡ
ٺ٣СռҰռô
һϵ𣬳ʱԶȻһ˵꣬ѵ˳С
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ģһ߲ǰͷݹӣо䣬ϴЦ⣬ӹ淽ٹӢޡ
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ֻá죬ɢҶϣƺһһѪˣֱ£̧
һ֣淽ʧеɫɷףȴǲǰ
ͷҲ׷֮󣬽ƣһת͹ճǰ
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ճһ˿죬ת˲֮䣬һɼŭ޿ɶֹɱȡ
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ҵһˣͥɽλý־λˡճĬĬ˽ϾԣѾ÷
жԼɱԪҪǿңһ˹ȴɭɭء


786 »£
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ҽǱסҲӶһһƣþ档

㫑һȺ˼Ҵҵĳҽ޷ԺͼһĻ
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СŮмƲ죬Թ˺ߺ߹ϰ

ΪһЩʣǿСûԼѧĵԸǸѧҽ
ǣҲľȻǷ־Ѳ
ÿʱҲ˵ʱ龰
㫑ԶǵǾǿСȺӯӯǳЦ
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㫑һ˿߰ĸߴİߣų龰Ҳһ⣬ĵˣռʲôȻĿ֮´ɱ٣ò
˲֪֪СԨԴʱڹϵãֻǺԴ־ȤͶԶ
ŵһ꣬ģ룬ʮֳȣǴִΡ
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ҽ÷£˱ɱѳﻹסȫƽϢ¶ˡ
һͼ˾㤳棬ȫЩԼ۾
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ҡ
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Ϊװ׵ĸӦ㫑ѪʱԼ޶˶˵ĻʮѹϧָЩ

㫑˻бЦӯӯ뿪ˣռҵ飬Ȼִܹµ˴Ϯ࣬صĻⳡºѯʼɡ
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һ廹ڻɽ˼ϲãһЩҵ伮֮о·Դ˷ĻɽɣҲδһ档
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790 ˿£
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ǰ͸ıɣֽҲǲϢŮĿۣԶԶġ
Ϊճй۷ڷʲô飬ǰţЩŮԼĪҲе飬֪֮һЩĵطҲû
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үܼãЩ
Ŵ򿪣ҪŵȻͣ£ֻǿճһۣһ
оһɼѹæͷ⣬﷭ǿס⣬æ㱨
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һۣôһ¡
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дǱڡ
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һһν֮
ͻ֮ʱҲַֿܷʽͻơѪһһͻƣչ˲ףûзӳɵļơõİ취ǿͻƣǰ˳ɹ飬ȻһЩ·磬ȴؼ确
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ճһ
ľһֱΪҪߣŻʲôֻΪ
ʱУץס֪ǾܷŹˣҲǻԵ
ԺתͷȴѾ˴ſڡ
ܹվſڣҽҰ¡
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Ů߶ɣ̲סĿ⿴ǰκ󣬲ӿ
̧Ʒ˿۾ֱˮ֪


791 ݾߣϣ
ճоŮ˿ǰԼ첲һŵһ㣬Ҳ΢΢Ȼһ
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ֻһתֹˮŮ˵жù
ʱȴǺЦڼӢۣͲƣɿʲôͬˣ
תճ٣ɲõСƤһΣϷѲռ֮ʱȴַһϡҩ뵽ҽҪҩѪ֪ɻ⣿
˵Ż˻֡
ˣͰһЩӴ򿪣ȻһЩҩģȻԪѵҪһЩȥȴҪǿһЩ
ճϲЦܹܿˣҩģѪֿԶһЩĳȻǧ
ȴ˵ҩģһ˿Ҳûˣ첻㣬ȫ첹оԪĻʣиɫҩֻȴ޹壬ʱǱȽɫţҲѷɫ֡
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ٶ̼һʮĵģ֪ҽҪҩѪͰͰ͵İҩ
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ûн裬ҩľЦŸǣ٣ռҵ黹Щҵûȥ˴ǰݷҪʣæӣ
ճһ㫑ϣ̶ʱ֮ھκôɵˣʱûعŸо𾪡
ڱλһֹͬʱλܱ˹״̬ϣ֮κ㫑ƣ͸ûܹһ
ʵҽֱûԼСҪȻڴӦ
ճŹֵ뿪ĸӦ֮УλСŮ˿ûʲô
˵вĻֻɧ涼ԼʹĹʲô˼
ң֪ǣС檲ûһٵһ֣ɫ棬ճҪ֪ܡ
Ůʲô·
ճϴЦﰵ˼ţҲҴ
ȵߺСͿ˹·ҪγˮϷŵΣЦ٣Щظ֮Щƣ˯žңʱʱĻһȣҿʲô
˵֮ʱں߳һ㣬޹ǵߵճĸǰͻȻ²ȣһˤճϡ
ճ۾Բˣֱü٣
һһֻ߲ȵˤԼϣˤɣҲðѴظʹ
ϸֱŮ͸㣬֪ζ˷ļζҩݣⵯƣһ˻涥ס
Ůһһƺѵһرջ
Ķһɷۺ컵ľֹճҲɵһЩ
Ρټϴҩµӵùɡ
һξ˵ɫ̣ճĬĬţܵ˼ŽһˣĹ
ȥûף̫벻̫˲ȷ
СĦţҲԽԽأճûʲôԼЩˡ
ͻȻ̧ͷճ޵Ϸʣ˹ŭһһᣬʹ֡ͻȻоһһɼΣԼƺҪ޵Ԩһ㡣
̧ͷճȻǳЦ·ûʲô仯һ
ճľٶƺδһ㣬ֻǿڵСҿ㲢ûʲôֻ˼̫࣬Щ񣬲ҿһҩ㣬ɺã
ã
Сһģĵճҩ͸ȥȴûٴŪԼĹ
ճȥһղôһ̣Ӧ˶ԷĶ⣬̲סְŮ˵ɵ
ʲôʱ֪ΨһԿ϶ǣˣİӡ
ǲ֪ҽ¼Ƿأй
ճһ˿⡣
վǲĺͶͱŮ²ö֡
ϸϸһԼ⣬ճȻʧЦ
ʵҲûʲôֻҪԼһΡ
֪ݱ¶Ӧûжٹһ£ʲôдá
ֻʹþ
ճЦ
СĹȻ֪Ҳǲ˶Էš
ǣľȶԷһأôܲʲô
Щ飬ʵرȴ
Ҫߣôһݡ


792 ݾߣ£
ճùţһҩģͣ
ҩ֮幦ܸоʱ޿̲ڽ
Ѫ׳㣡
Դӽ˷磬֮޵һ˿ӰҲţһǿӿ顣
ܷ紵裬ȫӳУƺҲûʲôѵסԼǰǸɽ·Ҳһն֮
ʵľȻȣԭôǿһʧȥȨƣܻʧᣬɳԭˡ
ճһıãԲǨĹһЩʶ
һϮ˷ţҲκ˵ͬһƬ̣Ʈᣬֶ
࣬һǣʱֵ°룬ҹ˳ûĺʱճȴ˲ࡣ
һԤУλҽһλ֣ͻʧۣ֮Ҳ޷
ɽһ㱡ճ̲µһƬƣһ΢Ӳݴңĵӹ
ͻͻͣãһСɽһᲱϣֶ
ϵҶ֮УӰ١
ĺ΢Ϣ׵øɽֲľΪһ壬ﲢδһˡ
ҹķ񡰹Ŵͷɹǰ棬ֻ񼱼͵ߵĴ棬һɺгݡ
ճɨĻĻҹȻ޲ֻǾĿɽ桭
һС˵ȥӱ޴ʱ⣬Ǿꡣ
ǷϵĶɽׯңӦʱ˫ΪԮ
ɽһƽԭֻһֱͨɽ⣬ǲرڡ
ˣһԸ㣬ѹ
۵뿪Ҫ룬Ψһͨ·ճǰ
ԣճãȴҲشط
ʱĩʱ
ңңȥĵƹ˴롣
ûʲôֻû͵ӣʱϰ˯
պڲã󲿷˾Ъ£Ѳҹսʿ֮⣬Եøⰲ顣
ٵӣճ･ԼǲƴʱȻһ
ͬһʯںģ
Ŀȥʵ¹£ֻһӰ㣬߸ߵΧǽƮ
ǵӰĴ۸߸𣬴һƣһ
òԶկȴǴƺѹֵĺںͬһ˼
һȴûйMһƥޣٱܡ
֮˺ڽ棬θݣһֳذһֿƥУ粨ˣá
Ȼˣ
ճһ
ǰٵļֻŷ֮˵жĶȴǿ
һһ磬ճܾܿϲյϮ˭
ȴͬĺڽ棬ͬɡ
Ļ֪˾ǵշҽϮ¼֮һ
ǣгŵ˭ƺĳϵ޼䡣ңΣֶһ㣬һˡ
ճϣһһ֮೤ȴǵȺѽϱϳ
ԤƵ˴αγȴǴ˱
ȻͨĸֽժҶɻ˵ճ˵ȴѾƵɱ
õãһӰƮƥ
ǸݺҲ⣬˫һٱܣʱ⣬ƺողŷӦ
ճȴýԶҲżֻңңţʱ׼֡
ء
һХɫ֮£ͻȻһ֧ɽ֮Ƽ
ոѲ˻ףбб˵
˱裬Ҫͼɽļ֧ǳ˶ȥǳƥ
˴Ҵ£æ䱸һ߳
ɣ
̸ϱɣֻǲֻӵѡռҸոճ£ǾҪ룬ǰҷȥȥľ¥ջ𣿡
ö𣬼Ӱ˳
ΪһŶսȹֳӳ¹⣬ǵҫȴ㫑
ˣһģų룬һѳƴһԡ
һͷֹգ뷢߰ףʱоʹ
иֹһ٣ϳʹļ׵˵ʴ㲻Щʱգ˳ֺαرң
ܹܣʱ˵ЩûŮǱĴ治죬̸ʲô飿
ĺȴ˵
ִΡ
ճʱ㫑֮ʱһ֪˵ɣҲѵõһλһ֣Ҳضá
֮Ļ㫑
ĽǿнˣսѪɱ֮һֺͬѵֵеס
أλӴʱȴѡ
ճȴҲæ
мΪȴǷ˲Ծĵط
ǳذ˵ҲûʲôЩңλŮӣȴЩס
ԷʶвأȴԾɡǳЦվ˴ԼϾһͷϱ紵ҵķ˿ɫ
ȫ˷Ԥıճһо紵һ˿ɱ
üһ벶ȸںɽоȻšҳ֮ʱΪСģû¶Σʱȴѱ˷ˡļƲʵСӡ
ճ̾Ϣ



793 ˫ϣ
ճӦлɬ΢΢Щ˷ͨͨĶ֣᲻Ȥû´Ļ˿϶ΪܸԼһΣոӦ
ȻˣҲͲųȥˡ
ԶϣʱȴѾʼ֡
Ǹݺ˫ذηͼͻͬһֻӰѸݡ
Цһʹ䳶һ߱ޣءһ󣬾һ硣
ҷ˺ƿ죬㫑һӶ
㫑˫üһסλˣ
ϡһʣɫ»ӳһ׹⡣
ա
һǰֱֱڱ֮ϡ
һ𣬾ȫֱŮɫһ䣬˰벽ƻƻ졣
ҡն
㫑һȡƣǰͣͣƬƬǻԣһѩԲǰһն
δ£Ѿ⡣
ذһæ˻ߣһһذ̺ϻ
ˡһ졣
һУֻоǰȴǱӰ쵽
Ų෽˱ܣӹ㫑
ӿλסλ¡¡һ죬ͷֹշŭɨ
ҧأ¶Թ飬ıүôģ
ۼһɨҪɨˮ߰ŤתϸתƺЩӵࡣ
ͻȻһһҲӲȥԳɫ
εȿݡ
һͼӰӹߣĿһʹһơ
ɵѪȴЦ
үĺݣֻ̫
ɶ񡭡
㫑þƱôһƵɫͨ졣
Ҳ󼱼׷δִ£гб٣߳һʽ
ͽȻʢ˺ҹյХ֮ǰ߹棬׷̶ֱȥ
ƷУŶԷϸ΢ת򣬾Ȼǲɱвʡ
ճڶμ㫑ʹһУɵð̾
һսϢһλ;ĩ·佫׳־δޣһ
ǴĹУɱ֮һ˿ء
ѹְ֮ʱռլԺ֮УǿսԼʱϸϸˡ
˽㲻ǿս͵Ҳ˺壬ظãֻһţȴƫˡ
˴һȱڣѳΧȦûüˣ͸о㫑ҷĽ總֮׷
ᣬ֪һӲס
Ůһ˿ţæе𣿵Ÿʬء
оŭȻްա
㫑һ֪б䡣
Ҳϣƺһв齣ʽһ֣׷°㣬ǰˡ
ǺǣŮ㣬ɷģСļ޲ȥ
ЦɫƺƮһƣ㫑һĻȫڱסˡ

һϸ΢ƺ
εɳƺһˣɽ侫顣
ҹ΢ȴһϮ׳ȹ˫㣬ڲݼϷӶ貨ӡ
ֱͦʣûһ˿ۡ
һλվµŮĻ軭һ㣬ת۾
λӰŮ֮ʱȴһҲûС
һȦɫưξ͸оͻȻˣХУҲֲ嶫ϱҲֲסƽ⣬ֻһͷǰԵ
ͷĿѣ֮䣬һɼΣͷ
ãħ
θոתͷŭȵһɵСħŮˣͲˣ
齻ײУһХ
Զһ¡¡˶ХЪͼһʿһȥԼǧˡ
ΪһɫֺĸߴճǹһĿڵ
ԭк֣ϧϲˣ
㫑ԮǾŮȴһҲϸд˿˿⣬趯䣬һȦ˷
䡱һը۽һĳ㫑ײ֮£ȴƺһۡ³һѪ
ˣｹ֣ħӰ죬ģֻȻӵ
ȴڵͦʬȫӲá
Ǻ¶Ц⣬ͣΣ̾˵ʦݺᣬأȴǱʦҪǿˡ
Цǰϣ֪û˳ܲصסĹ
ո˵ÿģ;ͣ첻ԣ֫䣬е߱ƺǧôҲٲ
¹£ԶûԶȴͬһС̫ӳյǰ㫑ɼ
ǸҪ㫑ͷ­İ籴ʱͬߴĶһ͵ջػ塣
ǡ⣡
ŮһͷͼһѩźԼն˹
ѩ糯㣬ֱϹ˫Ŀ


794 ˫£
㫑Ľߵıһݵз·
ֻҪȡƣܰ糤Ӵˣõ޿ɵֵһҲٮٮߡ
׷Ů֮ʱȴһ籼ϸС飬趯֮ʱգʽǰŮʹȴ
оԼڴ֮Уô˽òʵ
ٱĽǰɰ籲ߣɽ
ֻǹУ͸оѾ֧Ųס
ڵʿٻ輸ʮܵȴпһоʹʧ֡
һ̣㫑Щڣʹޡ
һʹԼ书
ɵŮϣʵ˺ܲİ
ѹ䣬㫑ͼ˽⡣
һɷ֮ͬһֻǳھӹʮɾ롣
ԽԽʢǵ֮£ֱ潣淽ԼЩ
һȣŮ
٣
㫑ϲгϲãĵÿҪըˡ
ô棬úüʱ
һƺ죡ҵĲ齣Щƣȫأͬĸͣͬһԭʽ̫࣬ȴǴˡ
ֻתͷͼͬˮ㹥İɰͻȻ˻ȥ
֣ٵĽҪ࣬ҲŮ˼ɵ
ϸᣬףҫŻƵһԼĲ齣Щͬġ
һ޸ǿлһ˿תͣȻת䷽
Ǵ̻ʵնɴ̿á
򵥵һϮȴС
ҲѹλŮҲòջΪԱ
ѹ̫󣬲ܷˡ
㫑˷ϲãŮӴʱȴ
ȴһɱ
ۼǵⱼϮӦԵ뷨ûС
ֻǰﶼ㲻һ׷ϮѾǽֱħϡ
ճ뿴ûĻȸȴ㫑ǰڼ
İŮ˷ˣ书Ȼܲµ˭
ʣ϶ǸոճͳԽǰɱΪף֮µһ˵С㡣
ŮȻɣȴĺ
Ϊɱ֣ǿɾʹˡ
ճٵȣҲȥģȫѪԪȻѪ֮ͬʱΪһȻɱ
Ʊܡ˫
һȳӣɱɭȻ
żХǳذ¸һһƬѪꡣ
ذֻǸո̧𣬾ͱնȫް㷴
ճĽͣưҲδ˥Ъ·ǰնɱĲһһ֣һһݡ
Ľ΢΢ŵӨͷ­ûаֲ
żĽ⣬ȫҲ᲻㶷־
δѱ־
ǰӰһһᣬȴǱӹһԣδ䣬һ𣺡СúֶΣŮ˶Ҫ¶𣿡
С˵ЦˣǵˣʲôŮλǶԼ˶ʹ֣ҿԶԶˡ
ճЦһһҳӡ

ɰ类ƬƬʵϡãҲꡱϸ΢죬ɾ༤ϸ΢Ѻۡ
ǽԭϲ˺˼ҵ·۾Ҳ̫ʵŶ
线аƬƬһ˿ʹüЦ
İȹװһ֣˺֮󣬾¶磬زƬѩס
ܼĹ֡
ȻԴӳʹδƵ
籼ȹƽʱڵʵʵʱȴЩˡ
ŮȴһҲ⣬ֻЦӯӯƮŴճС
ϸȴ顣
ͬʢϮճȫѨ
˷Уһɫͬǳ䣬ܿճ
ճһݣоͬԼóÿһᱻŮóȥԽԽǿγˣɼת
嶨ԭأȻ岻ȥ
һħȹ̫֮ȭ֪ˣ֮ȷʤ࣡
ճ侪ңǰսüЦС㣬ֻҪܵסһҾͷһ·
һ䣬Ѫ֮͵ںһһǿĸоӿ飬ƮƮһ˳ȥ
һϢǰ˫֮ʱƺƴ󣬵ȴͬһ㣬Ҳ˲ù
μˣץ˶ܵһ仰Ҳû£䣬ͬƮС
һƺߣһѪ
ܿó纻ӵóˣճ⽣˿һй֪˵
ճһг߰˽أȴǾܲסԼʽ顣
ӵҲ⣬ε̣ǰ׷
线ɲˣս´𣬿϶󻼡
֮Ժ»ɲĹ
һλʵǲţٶȷͬСɣǱˣкܴ鷳
һǰһճŴУǰİӰԽԽ΢΢һϲ֪Ů˲ˣṦȽʱϲ١
һ׷ȴͻȻͣ
Сꡱһ죬ǧ˿ֶһ𣺡׷ɱҵСֶŮȥɣ



795 ѹһϣ
һͷڵ˴Ӱһ־ɱС
ճӦѷ֮صľָǧ˿棬żʮϸСȳζϸ롣
һεʮ͵Ϯð
ճһݵĮָɽָϵɫӨзһýâһն
һâУһƽߣ֮˿ۡ
类紵ҶɢƮɣҲ첻ɰ˿вֱǰ޿赲
龪㵣͵ӳзһƺӿ
ۡһѪֻ֮ˡ
ء죬ȴ˼Ʋײϼ갫ͷҲصȥԶˡ
ٶȣҲ˿
ԶԶ˵ʹһʦ壬㲻Ըô˴һӴܣЦˡ
ճԶԶǰ˻ϣʧεǵľС
˼һ£Ҳ׷
ǰ˻ս£ȴҲô򵥵飬˵Ҫһǧ׷㫑ո纣ܵ飬תͷ
һոճ纾Ѳͻ죬ǲ̫գ˷̫࣬纺ͱ߲ʵףʯֻ֮Ǻεʵ桢ֵȴʦˣָΣ
Щ֣Щ֮еǱƽ
֧ʯȻʤڼ̣ôӲƴ𻵡
һһѾֽԸ߻УԸʱ˲ʸЩŲסˡ
˴纣ճһѣûбȽûдȻӡ
һѧǾǽţȫ֮мΪ
¾Ž㾭׽ȹǿ󣬿ǣĴ֮һħߡȴǲ˲ֹһΡ
һ֮ǰͨ˿ֶΣۣܹö¾ŽʽħܿõĽǸ־ս˭Ҳռ˱ˣ˽ȴǲ̫⡣
纣ճǵûĻħԶԶûдﵽʮأԲԶ
ۼĻҲֻոմ죬ֻܳƵϺ֮㡣
ȥ֮ٶȵͻ죬ңҲץɽѾ˷ܳʱ䣬ųһЩãıһЩ飬֪ǻ᲻ֻȡԵȡЩɹ
뵽ɽճһ뷨ҪƵִЩ˵侲ȴڴ֮оͶ֡
ĿǰɽߵӦƵ·ӣûиߵ淢չ
ôԼӦ÷֮¶
ҲˣõԼԼľоƬɨֶΣǲ͵Ϯ
ճĥԺֹɵʵΪ裬ϸϸоƬ¼ħãá
зδȫճЩ̫⡭
㫑ճ֣߳Ҳˣæǰĵʵ٣ƣĪ룬û˰ɣû˾ͺãƴ󣬹ֶβǧСġ
ճźϧСŮˣҲûû뵽λһ;ءһ񰡡
ˣѹָղж֪ݣ㫑һһѾӦսʱֵˣҲ򵥡
纽Ϊʦ壬ǸСˣ͵ϮóĶ밵˵Ҳӵˡ
ճЩ˼ãͻȻɱսȴ޼ֻɱһذˣһûɵ
ħ߲һڵ¶ɫһԷΣ˵˿̴ܹܵСҲˣʵӦ֮һҺŮ˲֪ʲô裬Լ¶ȵǷ֮ʱǺѵֵ
㫑죬ˬʵĴճһȭЦ٣ܴɵļ֣Ѿˣ̫⡣
ǰǰֻܱϷصģǡ˵㫑ɫЩȻæסڲԣֻ̾ҿλڣԺԲٵɵвԶԸжɾ޴
ˡ
Ҳͷǡ
ԶŻѵʿȫճĿǳݡ
ǴϣһԮóΣ֮С
ճǾһɱõĶӣЩʿ޲衣
һֱȱҲȱսʿȱʵ֧һĶһѹķ
ǰûУȴˡ
ճȻ˵ķ̬ʮֲ⣬ʵѵ飬Ժ᲻ĵ鷳УʢĻɽɸֺǺˣӦ͸İӣɱǣõı𣿡
ô᣿㫑üë΢˵ǰû㹻壬Żǣѹţ˭£İɣѹӽ󣬰û˭ûȤ


796 ѹһ£
ճȻ״˷ִž޴ͬһΰڸ˵磬ֻҪһλĸִڣܳһ
˵ִ磬νĸֻܱôڴ˷磬Ķ֣ѿȨ֮ϣʵ֡һܵؾ档
Ϊʦʦ׶Σ˷ĸ֣Ѿѧ˾֮Բս֮
ʵСľʿ죬˸֮ʱ˲Ϊе˼ֻܹԹ
ˣ˵Ż޷Ŵһһλ֣ྴη֣ǡ
аɣˣΪҲʧ
ҲܽΪδȺիһֻƾƣλӣ¸ӣҲƾԼĸ书һ
˵ѧƷԱʵ̫ҪֻҪ㹻ߣӵһС
ⷽ֡
ճȻҲּɣԼȥ
ڹܷԴӽ֮ⷽһֱûʲôֵϸ˷мۣģȻʮϸСȴŰϯ֮Ǳ
ǽʲô֣Լ𣿸ǲƺ󣬵һЩͬƺǿࡣ
ƥ㫑ճͬУ̲סȸԾʵ
һ˫㫑ҲģǰˣȻҽ㡭УЩ䷨һЩˣҽҲøΡ
˵ճЩ
㫑Ľˣȴֻ򷨣һֲǵ˾Լˣȫûлء
żûãѼˣ治֪ô˵
ǰľҲΣ
㫑һפǰͷ˹ɫϲ֮д
ȻԵģôļˣҪҽ޷ṉ̀Ԫȫ޸鷳
鷳
ڻѵҫ£㫑ƺ˸οĵ٣ЩѧҽҲ˺ܴɾͰϧѾˡ
λ飬ĵغܺõỊ̇ճԺӿһЩƬΣٵľ
У㫑ĸţΪ¶ʵãҲŷͥɽġ
㫑˵ճס
ϴԭΪ֪ĲʹȥսУˡ
Ϊһ㫑ݵ飬ף֣ƴ
Ȼ˶ԷȴƱ;ƿݡ
ճ̾ϢһҲ֪ôοˡ
ǰûйٵҽȻֵһᣬҪҽҲûҽġ
㫑ͬճȻˣ;һֱȥ
ۼҽճԷڶû˸ҳƵһʱΪҽ˼Ҳһ
Ϊżǧĸҽѧβ飬Ը没ֲ˽⡣
ҪǣоƬֱ۵ó׼ȷʩȡ
һ㣬ȱҽȴҪǧٱ
£ҽˣȻ

صճǰѴܹƴһ¡
ϼһȥȴһЦ
û𵽣СһƣˣŪûͷ
ñô˵Լ͸о޵ݡ
ƺתʹҴһס
һ֮Żı䣬ȻٻôΣܹ֮λЩΣա

٣ҪҪȥܲ׼Ѩλ
ĺҫ£㫑ɫ΢ҿճϸӬ
ʱѲָӢŮ¶սȹ֮ŰɫСµӣ¶ƬӨļŵκ죬òɷ
ճ϶˵һҪҲŶŮӺܾܿܲһָоȴǲ˳֮Σ
ȻǰѵֻʣС£Ѿ㫑ļˣϾ飬ҲǺܺܡ
ʱ˵ĻռЩˣҲǲԣƻ㫑ʮΪѾ壬
ֻЦ㫑ɵ㣬Сʱһƨڳϴأϻ·ʲô
ޣ˭һϴˣϰˮԣ˵ʱС
㫑ŭҵǼǵ㵱ʱˮǷһŰȥģº㻹˰ޣ׺òֹЪҲ֪ߣ
һǼǴˡ
ճһ£Сʱٵȷÿԣϰ䣬˵󻰣㫑һǡ
ʱȻӲŲˣ˵ʵڵģµȷܣ
ճˣ㫑һۣü֮ޣҲ˺һ£Ц£һǵ㾭ҶޣܻҰ㱨ǻһЩóԵġҲûһζ֣㻹ǷΡ¶ӡΡ͸١
УһЩСʮԳţ𶯣ˣ
㫑Խ˵Խ˷ܣճȴԽԽ
ԼǰǸʲôɫֱòУѹֺʮԱ
˹ɫĴԼΣŲţҿֻ͵͵
ʲô


797 óԸϣ
ճںʩֵʱ򣬺ڰȴм˼У纵ˡ
ȹȷɳֺۣ֦ѾûжɰӰ졣
Ӱζ䣬ּӰ
ã˫˪ѩȻ㳾Ⱦ
֪Ϊ纵ħӦʱһ㼫͵ԭʡ
زܱ͵ϮԼ纺޷һܴ㻤塣
ϧδʸħҪȻҲڱ䵱ӣһЩ¼Ĺ
λŮͻȻԼ״̬ЩԼǲĺ࡭
ҲҲȥΪĳĵıĶǣֻ뿪λԶԶġ
Ϊ޹Լ¶ӳʱһû˵
մճҽ뿪Щ񲻶ʱʱĻԼڶԷĥԷŷӦҲޱ˿ȴ֮ȥһֱԺ
ʩķҲһЩѧӵܻʮֱĵĴŮ˵˷绯ȴ׵ģЩף˻մζ׼ѱǹҪԡ
Ǹһӣﻹȡ
ճȴȫܸͬоԷʮֲܡ
簵ҹվôҲ޷ӣһ۾Ϳ˫ۣȻСʱ˫غ
ʱһλԼ˼Ժʮ̵СҪˡ
Դһұ
һ˱ȽɣΪֳɫΪ֮һɵݣҲһǿ书Ҳױ˵
ˣҲȥѿΪƭ˵ģȻνĶЩϷ쳾
ֻаݵȹµĻ֮еԼѪʬǣ˵ļĳĿ
ҽûȴһ̬ķԸˮϸϸԡ£ɫں֮ʱźţҴ뿪
ԼֻҪͻλĿͬµˡ
ָо̲סҪ룬رͻĿʡ
ȻֻǶݵ׽ĥҲʱйĻɡ
˲롣
ŮĬĬͷ·һԡ
߲зճһָ˫նϣʱҲǿ˫֣ٱУΣϸѩ㣬ź⣬ȴǿѹ
ɵĹģһαճͷһ֮˶ӣ纳Ц߲ݵǰˣôҲҲסˡ
һ纣ɨһ۲ǰеĻʢ
֣ԶһɫŰ⣬ԶԿǵĻ棬һͬһںҹ֮С
굽ˣʦ壬Ǿʹ˷ֵɡ
ʮ־䵭˻ֵ
ۼ⣬ʱýˣԿ۴ŵѪۡ
纾ȻˣӦǽ˰ɣ뵽նԼͷ­ľһɵô˸Щࡣ
õһ̺ľɱ֮⣬ܣ¡
ӵúܿ죬ҲǱǹɷ˵ǿѹƱã´ʱѾֲ֧סҸطˣˣŻ߲߱
׼ȷİյ纵뷨΢΢Щ֣ҹһж̫Ź֣Լܶ飬д
ողףԺ˵һ˫۾︴ã
ܿŮǲף߲ȻҲܿó
ЦеĴͳһֻƿֺõ˵ֶŮʦϴիõɢ˽ˣ˰̺۶಻á
߲ЦúУʮֳϿң˳Ĺذ
һ˿ֻƿԥһ£ü΢Щⶳ
ֳӹƿ˵ǾͶлʦˡ
лֶŮ˰̺ۣ۵ľʦˣ
߲Цݸʢƿո־ѱ飬һɷۺɫ̶Ȼ֣ɢɽסɷԲ
ɫ۹һչͬ߰ۡ
һ˳ֱֻ۾ʹ纵ͷؿڣ伱ӿľ
ָ
ɣȻϮɫ䣬ϰĵ޹ǰĳƹ߲ƣֱš
쭣Х
߲Ҳû뵽ϮӦ˿ݣͬʱͷ
弱ٺ󳷣ȴһĳԼôҲ˲ˣȻֱӨСɵ֮ȥ
æ֮һ壬ˡһһȺѪӦɡ
ܾˡ
ȿȡ
߲ԶԶվ˻ЦֶŮۣʱӦô糱ɣøʦ˫ޣĺҿ۲ˡ
ʦ֪㹥ͬţ˱ɣʦ壬Ҳֲôɡ
ߣҲδ̫߿ףʦˣôǿҲֻһˣһͳʥһôõҪЩĹʦֵܡ
߲ȻٴˣϢ˥ȴǺ⣬ҡҡ׹纣кâʢҲЦֻȡĺ裬󷨾ͻɣʱףʦҲһκεңȣ£Сɡ
ЦδЪȴһ˶ϡ
ʱѾ쳱ظ۲ӯӯˮܿƵϴƬη
߲ҩʮ˽⣬֪ʱʱԷ޿֮ȴܵóԸˡ


798 óԸ£
΢ͷ۹ĶŽƺ˼ʲôڳǱ߲ףھȫѹƣϵĸЧ
߲ѡԸŮԸֵۣʵǶ
һմȾҪڶʱ֮ھħҲġ
ˣûõģģֻҪҵ¯ʦ񹦴ɣʱһúó谮ʤ̣µ
߲̽ǰžž͵ʮѨ׿Ц־䣬Ҳ˲ԼոһħƣƳء
Ҫ纣һط¡
ʦ壬ʦͻСĶʲôȤɺã
һԿɫɷףȻҧҧ촽ͻȻڵ
֪ΪΣѾһеĸоһĪ˸
߲һ㵣ͷϸϸһ΢ƲЦû֮л˾ɫԽԽǳˮˣҼսٻغϲǲԣֻǲлԪ֮ޱȣôȵ纶ʦֶԪ
°ͣ͸˿˿â㾭ḻĵϾʱƵҲ
˵껰߲ͼ͵ץ纣˵ҪλʦֶŮ¯ժˡ
ñ߲˵ĻɫüѿԺƺ˫ҹհ۾ڱĵŭ޳ܵ˾ɷ򣬰࣡
Ժ䡱һը죬һĪӿͷŰԹʹڣԱ
ǰһվǰʦ壬ʦöжӣӴ˲ýȴɱ򲻿ɵġҪ¯ҲԴ棬顣
Һ£
߲һ˿ָצץ
ոͻһõֵӡ
½׼Ϊϣλ״ûа취ӣȴӵɱȨ
ԷҲһԿɾҪ̫˼뷨
צƿգָ£߲һ˿пᡭ
ֻҪҲ֪·ͻֱɱ֡
ѡ
ڱ߲УǸɵӣʱҲѡ㿪
˶˽ڼǧ֮ӱΪ֮һҲôеˡ
ʦ壬̫Сˡͷ֮ɫһ˿ʹһ⣬ͻȻޱʥׯϡ
һצȴǲܣϣתȣͬצһȥ
Ůһ裬˿ӣҪˣ
߲ʮֲм񣬱Щңƺʢ֡
ŮʹôܲʶרŮĹʩŮһƴǣӡ࣬˿
浽ʹУŮĵĵҲϵˣٽȫͬھ
˲ֲ֮޴ʵࡣ
óһУֱǲҪ
ˡһ죬Ǻɫȫزȴͬһֻ֩һ˱߲֫ꡱ֮Уֱ߲ۺ߹ͬʱѳʮ߰˽ء

߲ʹһϺһøߴŭɶָ֣ţͷϲ¡
һ˿ѣŹҲͷһ纣ЩȻ
ǰԼҲһдࡣ
Ժһ˫ӣĿʱѾû˱ָ𣬶
߲ݺݵһƻ£ͷʹ֮ȴڴʱǰһ׹⡣
ƶȻס죬˵Խͼһ˫۾˹
ֻоȫȫʧǰһڣȥ
Ҳڵϣ˿ȴ¶οЦݣű߲ϲŵǰɫ񵶣ջϸϸĨɾ¿䡣
ʱףλʦòûбƽʾ˵İɰ籣Я񵶡
ǹɷۺϢһɢϢƽ»ָ
һʵΪʲô
֪˼ΪʲôҪҲҪƴ
֪ΪʲôԼ¶ݣӳ𣿡ûлشʻԹ˵ͳ϶
֮ƴȫᣬһţѾˡ
ȫ̱Ҫվޱȼѡ
Ҷֻǵʱһۣܾң
ôˣڼɣ㫑־ɫߣ㵱ʱС檣Ҳ
ķıϣһɴڣƽʹ
Ȼ线ƺͨʣʵȴˣȵΪǸĵġ
ԼδȴȺԷˡ
ɫ滺ЩЦֻǿϵҲˣֵǣһصסͻԼʮְ࣬һжޱȣʱʱ̿ǵĿ⣬ٴεǰҵԸ
ŴС죬¶˼ı飬̾ӡģ󷨣ǼһĹ˾ӣѵʦ


799 ⣨ϣ
ƺһѪ˿ȴ֮࣬
æȺøƽȣ˻飬˵ûˣұǼһֻҲôۻ룬ûﵽ쾳磬ôҵħ˵ңһָɱñ߲Ķӣԭﰡ
˵Ѿﵽʦ磡ǣôᡣ
Ҳ𾪵
ⲻ͵£ĹûдﵽҪԶʦ˵쵽ʦɾͣйϾǾҪӵԼ⣬ÿһÿһʽƿأ̺Ŷصľ־Ͳǵܹ赲ˣܻΪ棬Խսʤ֡
ǼһĽоˣСС˴˵Ժǵȴǲ˲ˡ
ɽ
ߣ췲ӵĿڶҪԼȥȡǾͲˡҵ뿴ûͷģ
ۿϢƽ˿˵߰ɣȥ꣬ͼǾתƶɽׯֵܿҪöԸöࡣʦ㣬˲úţ˵ҽųûвεĲҲûаֻ֮Ҫҵоˡ
纰ο
ȻҲλҽҽˣʱȴ˵
һûмȥɣܻܿȥ
ŵһЩ΢΢һЦͬһƬƮԶĺɫǳء

ճоƬټ϶ѪࡢѨλָƣ£ͷϸ꣬㫑ĸ֮
հ˿֮ճԱԪƿظһ̨ס
ʱ͸ӵľԡ
ˮϮ֮£㫑ڴһ㸧ƽһ˿ߣճڽɻͼ
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ճһ룬ǰҲһġ
޹ؼʶ£ƿûдﵽȫֵزֻвʹͰͨ
ҽѧһۣͨʹʹͨǺеġ
βǱ֤ѪͨԴ˵ַҽԸһĲ֢ҲͲˡ
ȴǸһܰÿһ羭ѪҺ΢΢òȫһ壬ﵽһĲ֡
⵱ȻУèͼԼ塣
徭Ѫǿ󣬾ûȡʱ仯죬Ҳϴﵽ弫ޡ
Ѫͣÿһÿһ綼ѾԺ㫑ȻҪࡣ
һճһոճһȾ
Ųܡ
㫑ȴͬʧϾɻĥ˵ʲôʱͻ᳹ױ
ʱʮ꣬ʮꡭ
ʱȴǲͬ
ճ룬λ˻Ρ
ǿдĨͷ󺹣һ
ܵԼڵѾһգͬһ۾ǾԪ̫ɰЦ֪һȴеðˣսԼļޡ
漰һ̣ȷʵѶȼߣҺˡ
ԺǵΪҲûջ񣬶ʶһЩǰ˿ļɣȫԸ
һ֣лһϸۣէֻգһ΢΢̾һ
㫑ſ֮ϣѾ˯
ճʩʱоͬȪУȫůޱʣƽһЩϸ΢ʹһһεʧ٣֪ͳ˯˹ȥ
ճǰ˷Ĵ󵨵˯ţ֪Ů󣬻Ƕûʲô֮ġ
˯һӣϺ˵ɢŽͻʱʱưţƺڳŶһͯ档
ճ㶵ĿһᣬЦӲ෽ȡһ˿ϣתȥ
˽ֵأճڵĻУſеζϷһɴϢů磬ȫƮƮġ
һּ˶ˬֱ˹ͷ
飬ޱѡ
ٴСоͷһһʶͬϪˮ
Щ˵ġźģĵһһȫʻ󣬻ִճ֮С
ǡٵƬ׳󣡡
ճȻվ̧ͷ£۽һڳ
ҹֹǴΧĵȫնɱٵĵȫݻ٣źҲһֲ
ճֻܸǹɵԹʧ٣ֻճ
ں˽֮Բڣý
˴÷԰Ĵɫҹˣÿһ仨ÿһƬҶճľбʻʡ
ԲоƬҲۣͿԲԲʮ֮ڵľɫ˺¶
ǰ¶ʵһ档
ԾǨǡ
ճһâָ罣ǰ
ֻһϸϸ˿ͬζߣһߣƺڴеһ㣬˷ˣȥ
ˣ꾫ǣӰ쵽⣬־ʵԼҲʹָ
̺ž־ʱ纵ħһնƵøɾԿ㣬ֱҪ
ħٲ壡


800 ⣨£
գҹ
㫑ſ齵Ķ˶ͻȻһȫըëèһ㹪̱ý
ĿĹˣں򷢳΢ٰĹ£յ÷ڸԾš
أڰôˣ
ˣ
㫑͵ƿϵĽһԾС£ЩΣȴ˿
һأ
㫑ʱԼոʱ֪˯ӿڳ˯˹ȥ
գﰵ
ʱ̫ˣһ߶˯ţʵǴ档
˹ȴûԼģʵǱռ˱ȥԼ˯ȥ
ŴϵĽ㫑˼еˣ
һƤ׽˽ӢŮӢޡ
ֵֵء
㫑һŮ֮һƽãҲֻһ
С㣡
ӢޣһֱſվŰɣ
ǰС㣬﹫ȥаʱˣ²ôú˯һᡣ˵ո޸ȹ̣ʱϰ
Ӣ޻ش͵͵һ㫑ɫһ䣺С㣬Ǳ﹫Ӱǵģ
㫑ɫһЩȻ˵
ûٵ£þûǿޣһĶе÷ţѧ˼ˡҪ㣬ţԶ
ǣС㣡Ӣ޿ͷ
ͷ˵Ҳأ˵Ҳᡣ
Ӣߴڿ࣬ȻʳҲ
ҹҪԵʲôɻѰ
ף
׼ת뿪ȥſȴʱӣֵʲôζȳ
ѣ㫑ҲһüͷͻȻУֱ̧һƣƽϸֱ۴ʱȴЩڷңһϸϸ塭
սһţζ˱ǡ
ϴ裬أ
㫑ϲ
Ѿһֺڣﻹ״ʲô˼ߵӢҲǾһصġ
ɣһгɣת죬ͻԷķǿ
ҲҪĵ춨
һϰʣҲǴһͿʼע
ԺǳǳԿʱϾͿжãжǿ
츳ٶж죬ܻöɾͣ
ôʶ㣬Ҳû뵽ﵽһ磬ѾͶ͵壬Ȼ˴ĳֱǵڶ̥ǡ
һײ㫑õֱϵһ壬淢ԼƤҫɫâ
˵ƽ￴ȥѾϸͬϺѩɣ˼ѿɳƵﱦ񣬶һЩ
ǿž˾̾֡

Ӣ޿۾ֱˣ˵ٻһְʲôҽС㣬ɶûɾ뿪ˣʵ벻ͨ
ȥȥûϳ𣿸Ͻģˮ
Ӣæתȥ㫑ҡҡͷԼԽԽûˡ
ЩƽҲǹ߻ûûСġ
Ͳϲ߸ϵ̬ЩִһƬĸоµʱЩŮҲԱ֮ͬһ㡣
ʵҲܺá
ʱ㫑ŰԼĳӷ£ʮϲȭͷ߾ٿл¡
ϲ磬
ĸоǲƭˣǰֻٵ£ȴû״̬ŷ֣Ȼû˯֮ʱĳأͬһƬëƮƮġ
ƺһִԼƶˣָʱȫͬ
һɱը²졣
һȭ
䣡
ը籬
㫑Ŀɿڴ
ޱȵ֪Լողδһ˿ȫƾȭ
ôܣƾȭܴ򱬿˵ֻЩ츳˵£˵񣬾㲻Ҳ˫ͽѵҲڵһˣ
أδѾ߸ߴ𣬲ײ˷
ʱ۽üҵЦҲβס
ƾǿȺȣ̼ҡƷ˽ٴɸ֣Ҳ
һǿ㫑صһ̣ûԼ仯Ǹʼٸߣ٣㵽ģ

Ĵ죬طøһЩ
Ĵ̲࣬һƬ
˵ȣȫЦ档
Ĵ񣬴̣ԳƵһƬԴ
ӱȥصƫС
СȻбڣ԰ֻСŷ٣¿ˡ
Ļ޵ˣҲɵûʮˬƽͣȴǡ
÷԰ͺڳţһǻϲ֮飬ʱҲޱơ
ռ·ʢԳɹгңµһЩҲκӹܡ
ǸʵȵԸȻΪִλȨأȴƿȴرԡ
ȴͬϣ£һɼԻóͣϣ뿴һ㫑Цݡ
˵ռҷ˴飬ǲƲĽܲע
ܻЩִ££иңһΣӦ֮塣
밲ݷãȴ˸ա
ߣȥҽլĽﲻһҽôӣ˿˵ʱʱ־ȥˣ
ƺʲôסˣ
֣ҽȥЩԤС
Уã͵԰
껹δĽЦһ˹٣⶯߳ܣ˺òã
ҪһΰɣĻСѧһƨˡһҲЦȴǴг硣
׻תͷȥ
һСԣβ䣬һһŮӳ
ŵƳȹĸiǹľŮӣǳ㫑


801 թϣ
ð棬һǻ֮ؿڣԴһΣг
е֣˭֪Ϊ֮һΪӴ󣬸ռ浱ȻǸСǣҲаǧǷһ֧ѵõܴӲս
˹ƥеԶСǣҲߴպ˿֦ɢҶɵġ
Զ񼸴干ͬȴһҶ󣬾̼ңڵʲô飬Ҳò
걾ϣִ֮λΪ㫑ĴĽټϵƣһȨӡ̼ҷУһֱĸ
㫑Լ֮żɡ
´ңҪȡụֹ̊Ϊ̼ŮȻޡ
Ҳֻ֮ѡȻǰݡ
㫑ƽ´Ը䣬ҲûʲôףֻǾΪ۸ڶӶɫҲȻ
ֻҪԼչֳҪԣȻܹ˷ģóԸ
û뵽յԭǼ󣬴ʱŮ˽ŭ缸ǧֻڿһ㣬
侲
ҪʧأͻȻһȡ
ˮͷתͷ˿һŰʿ˹䣬һЩ𱸡
˵ͷһƽϢķŭ
ʦҾˣ֮ԣԭƻѾвͨ
ãֻҪŵҶȫ㣬زڡ
״ϲ˵
ֻҪ濴ȥȴܷ޲ƺǰһи޹أʮ롣
μҽãе㫑ǰ˵̽Ѹؽ磬彭λС
λϣգԭ˰ɣһֱߣΪһЩʰβҲǸɱλӣô÷߿ţ
㫑һͣϵĶתʵ
˵˱ʣŷɢȫǣ彭ҲУ˲񡣡
ЦȴЦºͣ湫ӣ˵
۾㫑ЩƲĿ⡣
㫑üͷ΢壬оЩȻɫ˼֣Ըйע٣ξˣҲλ֣ʱ׼֣ҵ
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ҪȥϴС˵㴳彭ɸ˶أز°ɣ
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˵˵ճԼĽʺϿ㫑Űݡ
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Զȥճתͷȥʵ㫑ߵλʲôˣ
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ϴξ㫑һȥ£ˣʧڣ档
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ֻҪҩ㹻ܲԪֱһ߲ȫ޵壬ֱӽɱ֮ǡ
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٣֮ʮָֻһΣ͸оѪȣӲ٣ʲôְ
㫑չ𣬱Ǽžĺ飬Ҳһʪۡ
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һ紵壬û˿ŵ㣬ʮֺš
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˵һּõĹ巨š
Ҳճƿشǿ֮飬һЩѾɾ䱾ʡ
ճ˵Լʺ⹦СЩˣСԴһԻȦȦ촽ϸߣ٣ƫˣֻСѧҾʲôʺˡ
ճ֪˵ʲôãС˫Ѿ٣Ե𼱰һɻţģкĽ벻ѧ
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СѾͷƺԪլʱճ磬˫۷Źؽе
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Сǳ֨֨ҶӺöȥ÷԰õԵȥСš
˵һˣǵ㫑Ц

ٴ㫑һΣǿ֮˸ճҲ׼ȥڵڵˡ
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ڵճΪҽҲֻǱֱϵأʵôġ
ոһսԪȶ֣ʢִºͻɽɽ֣λ淽ĪճȻһЩֲˡ
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淽Ȼտʼʱ̫ԼҲֻ֮˵İ£ʡ鷳˼ʵҲͿˡ
СΪͣΪԷǸʵµ˲š
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˵ţתͷү죬ˣоˡ
һձ߳һߴ׳꺺ӣڵ
ճæǰӭӣ˵٣ҪͷˣʱβãҪȥ⹺ᵢ⣬һЩҵĴܻû



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УսķزУʱֱΪǡ
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ЩʵˣÿһƥԼĺӣʱǹġ
ڵҲۺϣĿ˹ÿڣճܿʵҲʮǣҵġ
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ҲǣҽܹѪһҲѵһƥճΪ󱲣һھ˵ðٶƥⲻǴţʲôǴţ
Уʼְɣճ΢΢ЦЦ֪Լʱ˵ʲôʵҲܻţֻʵ˵
һƻǴ㫑ʵõ֮еУв²ţýǲǿŴأ
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ճһ㵣ѾԼ˼ûпϢ
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սڵɲĻһûʶвԼһֱĴ澯衣


804 Ļ£
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ĻһΪŲ֪߳ܵÿԺõĺȺõģ;ĸȻ̫ضԴ
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ճҪҪȴѪ
µûĻܿҪõˣ峿ԹǿλҲһЩ롣
Ļ˶Ҫд鷳
ĿǷԼ
ʱһƥǧǸ·Ԯ߳һõ顣


805 ˣϣ
ƥ⣬ʱ˿ȷһʮ־㤵飬ճ־ִѶѬյ˵Ļɣж֡
ƯĺҪˣǷģôҲҵġ
ճЦ˵һΣ㲻ǿֶ顣
ԴƱⲻһƥǧһƥԡ
Ϊӽ棬ƥЩӪûõ£͡
ԼǱܣϺҩʱܴﵽʲôزأ
ֵڴ
Уڵ˶һۣЦŴӦˣССҪ󣬻ڲճӡ
ҲˣЩȷһ˵ĳЩ˻һȥ书֣ȴ㲻ʲôˡ
ʵڲУҲߣҲȥ

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صס֮ˣ޺޵üҾߺͱȫŭ
йһᣬƽϢķŭĿޱվſڵİˣһ¾ͿʵʦҪôܴСκǲ
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ĽҲԸСӣ㫑Ƕ᲻ˡ
ԲУɫ
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ֻҪȢ㫑ƿȻ鸽޼ڣԴ𣬱ȫṩƥ׳Υģ𣡡
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ݴ󽭱ϣĻӲƴʮУ˱һԴǧ֮ȫˡ
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ܸƴһ·磬֪ʵ
ʦֻʵпɣһá
ʲôʦţ


806 ˣ£
ˮˣǰҲǺ˵ǽ︨ӵſͣһΪԵȹŭ˶ŷⷢӣΧ仨
˿Ϊ϶Ǹ޿ɣֻº˭ͿԿó
¶󣬰˵ǣζûס˲ǣӰ쵽ŷ˵Ѻùϵʵϵͱȷʵֵó֡
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ֻҪһͻӶӣųƽһ֡
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ܸϾͿ࣬ճڿ۵ˣһ컯



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ճЦĵ飬㫑ȫ

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ռıҩдܹ͹һЩҩģճľַ֮£һſŵ衣
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811 ãϣ
ȴϢ㫑ʱҲûȥÿ峿ҽãνġ׾ȻǿҴġƷ˽
ճ˵׽ȱ֮㫑ͬУԼٴƫԾճһ
Ҳûʲô˼뷨ճԼһȻ컹ûͰճѡ
٣
ճ˯֮УһڶкԺһͼӢˬ̴СѾžװһҡԼ
ãװ˯װȥˡ
˲Ҵɳȴ˭ͽ
ճƵ컹ûأ㫑ѵ˯𣿡
˵ƻ䲻Ҫڷܣôôģ
㫑дʵʵļԼĽ
ʱо˼󳤽ȴûƿ⣬Щг
ǡ
ճûֻ𴲡
ٹЩӾ³ˣʱҵóһˣҲûʱϰҪһ˽һ
Ϊʲô³壿
ճ֪㫑Ҫȥ彭鷳˳㱨֮𣬵ôģȴǲ
㫑һ䣬ŭɫƽСĽ±鷳߳彭ɵϳҲѰ鷳³壬СѲݳ;ʱһʢ£Ը񣬾£õĻᡣ

ճһ±ơ
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㫑֮пǱһմңߵﶼִĴǲࡣ
ֻ˵㷼ܺãʯػᴵû
ףҲ֪诵ģ԰Ӧûѵʲôʱ˵©ˡ
㫑ĿĿ˹ճԽԽȤˣܶ鶼սյ֪
֪㷼ҲˣΪǴٹ˵ϱ类¸Ӣܴ£ʯȴһֱСδȥô֪ģ
ճո˯ͷԻ̫ѣʱ˵©죬㫑һɻæĥˣȥҪҸʱǿ׳𣿡
ޣ˭Źˣ㰡ҵ̫á
㫑Щסճĺ޳ܣϰˣ˷ţ治پʯ诵顣

Сرߣԣ¶һ˿ǰףӰӿһɱ
㫑Ǳӳ΢΢⣬˫һǰһֳʽָббָ졣
δУһɱճȥ
ҳˣСģ
㫑һȽ֮ʱȫԸ
оճֶ£ԼĽǱĥУһų⻪
ְܳɣֻҪ㹥߽Ȧ׽ʹ󹦸ɡ
ճɫƽͣƺ㫑ͬһ磬ȫа㶯ݡ
һ뵽ʦģʽͲܶǲŮˣشô
Ϊһ죬㫑ʵ˵ѹķپܳΪ׹Ƶ㡣ȵɱ֮ĳڱǰƵȫӲӣڴ
ն
㫑һһλʸһ㣬ճ̡
ĽХնһƬ⻡ѿռ졣
ӹճƺǰһλ󽫣
Ѫϡ
սӲӲзɱ
ﰵһʡ
㫑һѾսѪս裬ҵƷӵ쾡¡
ճȴĸֶԾսɱȫͬġ
ҪһﵽһΣɱдᡣ
ռۣҾ˸֮
ճ治һ˿ŵ⣬һƲ࣬ӭȥ
ˡ
㫑һ翳໨ѣֻǰôҲòʵ
ճһûʲôֻ֮Ǽ֮Լ򣬶Ըת֮Լʶ
㫑ĸͽȫù
ת̡֣
㫑һ޹ȫһ죬вãæս󣬽תҾ磬˳ת֮ƣһƷ̳
ûõģĽˣױơ
ճһߵһս
гͬԾһ㣬ǽвࡣ
㫑ת̷ִ˲䱻ƫճӹȫûв
ɫһ죬ҧҧ촽μˡ
ȴǲòˡ
ƴ֮̿󣬴ʱѿŴ󿪣ֻҪճʱʮа˾ǵסġ
˭֪ճδ׷ֻ֣
㫑аİƷ˽ʹʽҲ˳Ȼûãճûж
Ҫô򣿡㫑Щί
Уñޱȡ
ôճֻӽͰĹƵøɸɾ
̴СЩҲסˡ
ҴƷ˽޴档
ճĽ⡣
ǲǴеˣŪ˶ޱӣЩĻˣ׷
ԶԶԱ߹۽Сܿ죬һҪ㵽ȥ
ܵ㫑Ӱ죬ЩŮҲǲ͵
㫑Ȼҽ˵Ȼøš
Сͷܿ죬Ӣ޵ȼ
㫑ģΪɲǿԹۡ
Ǿ㣬ڳ彣ʱ򣬾ԶԶ㿪װӡ
ʵȫ͵͵ơ


812 ã£
ճȻЩĴ㫑ԼҴȴԸλСȥݵ˵ǧ鲻һ飬㫑ҲҼԣ
˵Żǰ㣬һãԽԱ۴ˣ潣ߣꡱһҷ㫑һն
󡭡ն
С俴һ𾪣ѿڶҲ˲òˡ
һгոùһǴԼóʲô˼
㫑һƷ˽ʽСǧΣȻϤޱȡ
ȻʹʱһˮУͬǮ̰㣬ˮӿǰ䱾ϻһնݵûʲôͬ
㫑üһбӣвС
ԸһУõӦԵȻڽδߴ֮ʱнػ
ʮְգճ޹
ƷСʱĸΣҲᳵ·
ΪƷ˽ǵǿҸǿƣ·ﵽһƵС
ֻҪó߲ܰƴ˵ǿʢȻоˡ
㫑Ҳʵս֪һеľҪ̵ʱڱĹ
ӦǡһơƷ˽ΨһһԿȡʤֻ϶ֽࡣ
㫑ͬ㣬ֻһʹ̵ǰճﰵ͡
㫑Լûз֣Դʸı֮ٶȣǰԨ֮սϢࡣ
ϧǣǿѪ֮ȴûõ֮ȥƾٶƲеģնèġ
Ӣ޵˼㫑һֵĿݣȫͣ³Ķס濴
Ϊʵԭ򣬿㫑ȣʲôܵľܸоõһƲ
㫑ճһȴƽƽ
ͬͬĻնǰ̳Ҳûʲô
СתͷΪһбƵʱȴ㫑һ콣ͻȻ˸ա
õײȴûз
ճĽôһͻȻûػ⻪ʢ˺ѿȻը졭
ôģҸоСնʮ;ת򣬶Ҵһǣ
㫑ճͣԼߵ潣ûоʮ˷ܡ
ƺһЩʲôƺһ㱡ɴôҲ
ճս˼Цŵܲһǲ֤ԻУҾ㿴
Ҳ㫑ЩŭֵƣϾţлڣ˼ʢʱܵ·㲻䣬ˣϰҲһ
ճ٩٩̸ԣʲôУҪ߷֣֣ȫƴҲҪˣⲻΪӦ䣬Ϊ˻һȭȥܵջֱٴȥв󣬿֮ƺʧһЩڳ;ȴԶ·ӣǲǻ죿
˵η𣿡
ճոһչ˸ãģ㫑ԼҵĴн֮Уһָµ÷
뵽ܶ࣬Ժ뷨
˵ҵġƷ˽˱仯ɣױǾ䣬бԲ󣬶ηͲԵ©ֲ˵˼ξ档
ƺһЩ
㫑ԭأԺճĽ֮£·𿴵һء
һ̣޵Ľÿһÿһʽ˲ͬ⡣
ᡢη߶ţȻ̧ͷҲ𳱺죬˵٣ƺʲôһΡ
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һʽΪһ壬һ㡣
㫑Ӧ£бӣͻһһǰѪɫǣ֮ʱȴ̺š
Ȼеתɬһն˹ճȻһȫͬ顣
ĸ֪֮У㫑֮ʱδ࣬Ѿʶʱ׼η¼䣬סԼȫ¡
ճȴǰִʽ㹥㫑ʢʱ׷յһɲͻȻ
ۣ
ཻ
Ľ
㫑һֻоһ𣬵ͻȻȣȫ飬һɾֱ
¼䣬նΪ̣Хֱճǰ
һͻ䣬ס֮ʢ
㫑ȴогɡ
˵ǰýÿһó̵ȥжЧһЩ֮󣬽ȴԽԽ죬ԽԽǿ
ճɫأѾ
ÿһһĽڵ㣬ÿһķ⵲㫑ĽƸǿһ֡
ȥ˶Ľ񳱣Ѿˡ
㫑˽꣬ХһһСʽȻ̳
ֻо죬һ죬ɨһ׹⣬縡Ӱ
ѪͻȻںϹǰ󲻵ǿ
ճһһЦٲһƮˡ
ǵ߰׹㫑ΣǰͻһɣȻͣƴһ󼱾硣
ꡱһ죬Զһϸ񣬱ӹȻ£һƬ裬ƮС
㫑ϲҲֻ֣ʽ̵;һֱΪʽܶʼࡣ
ԭؼ趯ţյϽһŰ׹
Ʒ˽Ѿɣ㫑ͣվԼ̳һɫϲƱ
һһμĸ׳ǺһĹԣɱĲء
Ҳߵһˣȴ
㫑ճůЦݣ̲סӯ



813 ¶ϣ
٣Һһɡ
㫑Ĩ۽ʪۣЦò˵
ʱһֺƽߣ԰رߴ⣬ӳǰ۵ļɢ˵ޣˮŮ
һ˫ˮ˫Żڵʱȫʧ
ǣˡ
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ճЦŵ
ˮģ㫑ҲûźȾơ
ǽӹճеֽϸϸ˿˵Ҳ֪ʲôƷʣͨȷʵ̫ʺ㣬ַһѽ
Ϊ㫑Ľ̫ң˫ײʱ˵ˣˣͲճڴ
ͻƭңǰɲڻġ㫑һЦҲᣬԵһơ
ˮѪڽ׵ȺѪҺһ㡣
ճһڣƷλʴȻѾƣ
ÿһʱ䣬ͻȥ̽ԴҲѰ˽һˮ㫑ֱһĵ˵
ܺȵϺõѾƣȷһѵõ顣
䱦СţճȻʧЦ
ִԴܶ࣬־ˮ˺ȸȵ£ʲôˣ
ʱȻܴɷ羰ֻ̾Ȼþơ
˵䣬ʦֶСˡ
ȻԶԶȲճһֶʳҲ㾫ˣΪԻĳʦǲ
㫑λȴЩ࣬Ҳ˲٣˵ǰ£ʱʱЦ
ʱԳԭĻˬǰǰЦţҲһصĸо
٣ЩҲжã
㫑̾һɫ͸˿˿죬΢΢Щ⡣
ܰƷ˽ɣʵﲻȡýǰ򵥡
Ƶı仯
ճϸϸһ£Ҳˡ
磬磬ͬΪһ֣ҲԶ
㫑ֻǽһʵǿԽˣһԾΪ˷ؽѵõĸ֡
֮У֤Сεĸ֣ɽ³٣ɽҲһ֡
ǰ߿𽭺ѹķС
ߣȴֻҪͻ˰ﵽһܸǱȻȻԶ֮ʱû̫ơ
ʮ³٣Ҳ򲻹һ
еĲ಻Եơ
㫑ȻҲˡ
ǰƷʽͣѹһػƾµҲպա
һһȻҪǿ࣬ЩžޣȴǴˡ
Ĵ׼ǿҲ⣬Ϊ֪Ƕ㫑Ҳûʲô̫ѹһܸƴƽ֣սʤ֮
˫棬ʤ˿ԻüôܣҲû̫Σգɽˣ˾;ݡ
㫑Ʒ˽ɣʵȻһΣսȴ࣬ѾһԾΪ¸ֲΡ
֮²˵ܺߣҲܵС
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Ҫ֪һժҶɻ˵ĸ֣֣ƻı
ϴճı𻵻Ǹ纶ս˴ûĽײ֮½ˡ
Ȼ纵ֱɰҲ𻵡
ǿӲƴʱȫУУҲǺ顣
һ棬Ҳ֤㫑ĹƵճòǿӦԣѾ޷סԼ
Щ죬ҾͻһѺý㫑˵Ͳ⣬ֻЦŵ
٣Щֻѧҽ̫еɲ֪￴ƽͣʵǷƮҡ
㫑Щꡣ
Դĸȥ֮ҲûǰôˣռҺҵһЩС˼ʵ׵ġЩ´ң֮󣬷ʧصļ󡣡
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ҲΪһЩƣ㫑̲ס˿ˮ
ЩѾܾã˵˳֮ɫԵЩҲ֪ľͿúܽ
ճŵһɵܰڱǶƣ㫑ӣﲻһ֪Щ϶ǳŵЩѡ
㫑ƱһվͤӹͦñֱߺߵռΪҲ֪ǸüȥҲǿЦҺ̫ԭߵúܽʳܱ߳ǣҲġҲûͬˣ⼸սϣηҲӦڹؼ֮ʱ
˵˵ţ㫑йˣ̾ܵ˵ΪǼˣԲҲ֪չǿסģͷҪԼ
ƫͷճļϣԵЩ
ճﲻãҲŪƣʱ֪һƬ͵ıԭҲԡ
㫑ʱȥȻɽˮҲںᡣ
Ǻƽʱ򣬷Ȼŵĵλר⣬Ҳû˭ûȤ鷳
ΪһЩǮƣðŸһĵķգȻֵ̫á
´ңÿ־µսġ
ܴһЩƥܰѷƿԼУǲֵһˡ
ⷽʵһϺ÷⣬ƫƫԱǿǡ
ճ֣˵İɣ㫑һģñȥ
ճ֪ԭķչΣ㫑ǺεȽ֡
ϸ˵λ˶÷
ңλѵĴŮԼ⣬ȻĿš



814 ¶£
һЩ㫑ÿ峿һὣȻճһùͣʹҴҵȥ
ճ֪æЩʲôҲǴһЩƥˡ
㫑Ҫ˶Խ֮ÿ춼ϸ΢ĽչʱҪÿһÿһʽɱܣԵʱ˼ý
ճǸõƿУʼնѹȴֲ˵
ǣ㫑ôһЩֵĽУõ˵Է
λװͲĽƽƽȴͬһ㣬Զߡ

˶ÿ춼־ʮ㣬˿ȥݲˡ
ճȴֿʼɢ
˵ֻ峿㫑ԼʱǶڷ˯
ˣͶС䣬ֽУʱᾭһ쳣ߴİǣһܣָһСȷÿޱȡ
ڱ˵ˣճԼȴǣʵæġ
㫑ѧ˺ܶ࣬ԼȴҲһ
һϻʦûϤһ֪ʶǲܹ̻ѧġ
оƬһõĸճ磬ʹˡ
ɨѧϰĹһֱڣҲճСʱͿʼĶ
Ʒ˽оƬҲܴѧྫȻ
Ʒ˽ʽۣճǰѧһЩбЩ磬ʽҲôһ£ǹµĹ
׽оƬϸϸ֮һеĲ𿪣ܷ֣ʽʵʽ罣ƫ⾳Щͬƫơ
һ翵Ķ˵оУ˵ûоûС
Щ˵Ҳһ֮жѵ֮Ҳ£飬˴ӴҲ޷˲ȱ
ճԭȭͽ¾Žڣǿʽעⶫ
ΪʽɵһزͿﵽԽսĿġ
Ʒ˽ϸ⣬Լһָõİ취Щʱʵֶأֱӻܶ֡
ѹĸ֣һزͻȥѰͻƣΪÿһγǰڱƴƣǰѧͬĵ·
ǳʱͰÿһÿһʽԲȻȻõ޷ƣȵðԲʽ̫ҪֻҪ©пգʦأʦȻô˵˷ʵ׷Ĳʵã⼫߰
ճĥŽϸϸƷ˽󲻹顱˾
ѹֵʱ㫑ԽԽˡ
纽֮ʱͿԷ֣ħħħʮʽߵǡɡ
纳ʱÿһÿһʽö־й򲻵ʵƺһռ䣬ֹ
ճֻǽ˼ħûҲѧӦ֮Ʒ˽ȴѧ˸ʮʮ
ܾһŪη
ľ͸ڳˣټϸεԵʣԭһЩɢɺ÷˪ڤϴ֮󣬾üΪǿ󣬶ҴǱ˱Ȳϵġ
֮ʱơ
㫑Ƚ֮ʱֻ֪ճĽ侫Ʒʼߣȴ֪ճʱʵѾѧ֮
ûǿУճҲ֪ƾԼǿľѧʲô
ȴһԼϵ
֮ĵ·ȫܹͬʲԷ⣬ֻж෽ȡӪȡý
һ㣬ӵоƬճżƣûκ˱ȵϡ
ճǶڷ˯ʵÿҩ衣
ԤţҪ˶ã˾ͻԼǰԱһֵʵӦԣǾͻЩ
ġ
ڷͬСɽҩѾʧճվڴǰһһ֮䣬ͬ˿硣
˴ʱڷ֮ڣͻῴг趼΢΢ŲλãеĹҲŤţƺʲôӰ졣
ճѲʹʲôض׮ֻҪվ̩ɽܴӴȡһɺأؼ塣
ҩĳ£΢΢ͣɫѪˣǵһٽ㡣

С伱ҴҵĽҽãѰٸ硣
ǰЩ죬ٸŵ˵Ҫúùע٣ֻҪ㫑ǰҪǰ棬Ȼһٴ͡
ڴͣС䵱ȻȴҲΪڸ֮ͳΪ¸ٸЩ
һΣ㫑ȥ彭鷳Ū˶飬һµˣƲСҲ֪ģһΣСŮһʵҲܵġ
УǺǿҲ˰æٸҲˣ书ߣǸãӢЩȫ˷İֻһ㣬ôܱأ
Сֹͱ԰
ҽõŮȫ֪СѾͷˣԴӺСʱ͸Լү裬˹ϵãҲӲ
߹ʯССæĽŲֵͣ
һӹӣͷͬѹһŴʯ
Ա߲Զһƥ⣬ԵѪȣʱҲͻȻվëͬʨӡ
Աߣֹİ˫߳һȦӰӵСԭһ٣ͻȻˤ
Ҳ˲𣬾ŴͿǼԱߵԷ
ճķ䡣
Ϣķ󡰻˻İ
ľűһĵáѡ졣


815 Ϊϣ
ԽԽǿΪ¡¡ľźʹСͻȻƬƬĩ˷ɽ
һХƻХһ˷ɢȥҶ졣
ССظæȥСҲˣδĵٸ粻˰ɣá
ܵ÷ɿ죬Ҳ˲Σգճȥ
ҽñХܼӰﱼ˹
СոܵűߣǰһһӰǰ
̧ͷһʹסˣٸ磬
СѾͷ˵ʲôո˵ͻƣߣˣˮţܼңȥ̳Ҿ
ǣүܼüͨҲŨŨϲɫ
Ҳճʲôϲ£ԷŴըѵҲӶ
Ҫʣүü֮ӨӨ˸ƺ߲ʣСѾͷû˵ֱɲˡ
ˣҲйʣλ֮ˮǴߣˣҲǼΪ˵ġ
̽ͷһ촷۵һЩҾߣܼҰԾ̾һҲҶ룬ֻǷԸɡ
ճСߣü֮˸һŽʧֻܼɫ񣬶һ翳ʣһƲ۾
ʱСͿôˡ
СѾͷҲ֣˵٣ԽԽÿˡ
ɵѾͷ
ճ֪ôһ¡
ع֮һصͻƣǰ˺ܴͬ
ҲΪں׶ξѪںһԭʣ˴ͻ죬оԼÿһ־ͬ
ܹԼóɸ״
һָһɵɫһҡͷβİߣˡһ㲻
Ǿ֮ðɣÿһо㲻飬Ҳܿ϶ʵִ֮ʱҪǿࡣǿøÿһ˾ӡ
ճʵҲǺܾȵġ
ͬ׶ΣȻ
ʱǻصͷͷѵԼһ֮
ңĶʲôãʲôã
ÿʱЩźԼûһλʦʲôÿ֮󣬻֪ǲȷ·ϣ
ﵽһֻܴ񻰴˵ѰС
ԼΣмžҲǵҴ˵еķˣΣҴ˵棬նħ
뵽񻰴˵УճЩЦ
ãԼֻ仯ʵԶԶûпǰ档
תһ룬ȴҲûʲôͬ
ִ磬Ѿ񱻳Ƶһ½ɣ˺ܴͬ
֮;ͬ飬ǧ仯ıȴûвͬ
ԸӦһԼ;һۻƴʣﵽһδйĸ߷塣
Ӧûߴ·
ңճֵǣܸӦССԴʱЩǽǣֳǰ㻶ϲȸԾ
ʲôʱҾȻԼԼĿ˵ˣ
Ӧһ㣬ճ
еĲһ˲õ
ǴճԶСԭСӵͷִٵվԭأҿ
ЩԱôУ
ճ΢΢̾Ϣ֪ԸҲһһϦܸıģֻ
쳤վãȵʵǿˣȻͻǿ
ںĵԭ밲ʺãܸӦСͶԼһŨŨмͳĽʰֲң˽ս֮ء
ܸоǵСԺСڴܣһС˵ʦ𣬸ҺóԺס̵գ׵ˣʲôµģ
һС˵ÿֲ᲻ῴһ⣬͸ҳҽãҲٹûϣûǰ;ӡ
ճЦֵԭ
ǣԭǰɫͺ죬˷
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СͣճЦʵ
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ʮֳݵĿճֵٸ磬ҲõȻǳˣϣ
֡
ճĿ˷ܵСѾͷɫء
㫑ȥ鷳ʵĿĳ˱𣬵Ȼǿе籦
뵽㫑м˵ҪԼŪһѱճһů⡣
֪ܲвֵһжżΣգҺʵȡ˼˺ܻܿ©ˡҵʵû˻뵽̶ʮ죬ҾͻƽˣĴ©
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ճš
ҲСĽƳԹ緹С˯һᣬǣ

籦ɡ
ճһУѭ·ӡۣҲС
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ʤһɶǹܸһЩ壬ʱһЩ۵ĵ·
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󺺴ʱѾ۾Խ߽ԽܿƥĲ
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ʿɣȴĴʱ΢ۣʱ̧ͷۿ羰
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Цһ˵ŷбֻҪһƱϱƾԼı£ıøĳ
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ͷ̾˿ҪֹЩȴҲ첻
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ﵽһΣճֶڵ֣֮սӦԣѾﵽѩľ磬ǰʸӦȫͬ
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ϸϸķֱоƬɨ;ӦŷɨĴԽԽֹ࣬ѾΪԼľ֮С
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ͷһȥܴǴ֮пľɫ
һͷȥȴϮƮѾֻõãȽȽԶȥ
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817 »ϣ
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ѾӦˣһĪڻۣǵѾ׼ͣҪ
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ǰĳǳزʮָߴ󣬱в硣
滷ɽһˮһ߾һҰʱһЩũڵ죬̧ͷ
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Щ˻ũ˵վͻΪ
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뿪ڽкȴо죬ѾУȴǿ
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ճޱ飬˳ţȴĥš
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Գͼıǿ϶ģһֹ͸¶彭٣Ȼ㫑ĳޣš
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ģߵҲȻҡ
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֪ɽ׸Щʲô׼ʲôģȥƻûһҪ߳
˶ǰ棬ʵѾΪֻҪ˶ģճ͸ɱ⡣
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ճһȥһ֪ⲻɱ̫֣弫ǿѪ
ˮƽﵽһ۷壬Ѫ۷壬ΪΪһΣǿΪһ塣ˣڴ˷磬Ҳսǿѵø֣ѹָҹǰɱҡ
ճоƬɨҫİ̹â棬ͻȻЦˡ
̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣡



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˵˫ĿʳǷ֮ʱҲǲ
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ףˮƽǣ˵üеϧƥֵǮ֪¹ӵʲôȻܶˣʵࡣ
ٱӻ˼һЩɵ顣
ԣ
񱼵ĽŲͻȻһ٣Ȼͷȥͼǹܰ׳˫ŷǰͻ
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ʱһЩӴܵİգСʯͷͷѪ
ɫĳĻ쫷磬ǰ·ϵŴֲնܲһײͱһѪƲһԶԶ
굹Ǿŭʹľ޺޹׶Է׼ӣͨ˵ϣҲ
ȵʹӵĳʮʿǷֲжӣǹ٣ͬʱ˹
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촸ųֻҪ˴Э⾹ȻΧ֮ϵˣ˭ֵọ̈
Ҳͣ˶һۣԷľ
ͻȻعζá촸ضԴϵ˿϶Ź֮
ҲݣҲ̲סͷ棬ηչ


819 ڽӣϣ
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һĵͬһʱ䣬ŲٶȽЩҾƺҲ˼

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ֻҪ֮رļٶȣǿԣôӦԶܼѡ
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ʱճ˶ϵξ棬Ϊǰǹʱܱƽߣ޴̩ɽѹ˫ͷѹ£־澹ܼѣۼþҪһ˴ҳ
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÷֪λɺ콾ʱȴ΢΢ܵ
ӾŹ֣ƽ棬ǿĶ֣δɥʧԽ
ΪţƾħķǷӱԼгһձضվϸ߷壬ˣʱգ׷ϲҳǺѵ顣
ʱ˵أ÷ȴеĴ纵Уһ˿塣
ɽӣʰ·𣿡
÷һȭջأһưƮƮϵӰȻ
ճϣĮȻм̽־ͽסֻѩ˳˸ء죬оһֳʵӳ飬ϲ֪һϺ
Ҫǣһսڵʤϵľǹ࣬Ǽ̰ٱ
ǹΪʵǲô˳ֵģͨǹҲӲӲƴҲǹԭ»˱̫ÿ
һѩûմһ˿ۻ࣬ȻöĿ
ԼɽһǡȭȻûڴһۼ
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ָɲӾһܶŵֻݷ׷ȥɱ񳱡
УԼԼѩ⣬ն˰ǰС
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ء
޾޹ģӰɣĴҽС
ȴǰ֮أ·Ӱӹžˣž
һƬУЩɷľʿ˻Ӵܣһأܣֻ޵ȡ


820 ڽӣ£
촸Ŵʱ˵죬·ܵббǱճһȭı
һϱۣǿסʹţֻһͷ
ֻҪӵɽׯûˣɱճǸġ⣬ǡӦΪʲôܣɱһɺ£ǿУοˡȵѳ죬ҪǺú⳥Ȼͱʦǰ
ʱ˿̣Ѿˡ˵˸˵Ļ
ʱ˻Ȱ˵ɼȻΪǻѹһġ˫ܹø֣Ȼжصı죬ǾԲУõİ취Ǽ֮䲻˷һʧ
Żû˷֮ǰܣѵӪΪѵһĸ֮
Ȼɱ˵书ȴЩ˵СԸΪ˵̫Сɾޣһ죬Լᳬǡ
Ϊνġ˫ֻǳ˴ʵϲûʲô˲
ǣ˵ҳȥԶʵ׷Сӵ
ʱĶԻڶٿԼĶϱۣ޵Ķˡ
ܣܣҰܵòҲ̶á
Ҳû뵽Լһֽǣ˷֮󣬸ϰһ۷
ǿṥȻᵲסԷһȭ
һǧ֣ʹɾһҲҪ³ѪȴûӲƴ
Լóǿ棬ֱӻơ
Ǽһﵽôģ˵˷粻һô
ȭ򵨣һˣҲ᲻
ʱĵš
飬ֻܵͬߣٲ׷
ԺԸԹԶ书ҲҲȥṦ͡
һɱâڱ
ŵͷ񱼣ܹ֣дԶһᱼȥһͷһۡ

ճĿɭ䣬ԶԶŵŻæӴܵıӰҲУȵ
֪ʧ֮ΨһĿĵأΪȫĵص㡣
ڵУȫĵص㣬ȻɽµӾۼڡ
пܣҲ㫑֮ء
ʱճҲѾˣλɵϢǿ꽣ͣʱ϶ǸһĿȻ˶
ʹ޺ֻ̽յеȷˡ
ַ׵ķ
㫑ΣգȻӣõȷû
ճòϤ·ҲͷϸϸѰңжԷ·ֱɱţȴʡʱ䡣
ĻӦöһȴ»
ʹ޺ֹһУϸϸ˹ѾԷȭ֣д
㫑һ֮ʱճҲ˵һЩ촸˵ơ֮Ĵţ֪Щδ˵ĸ֣ɽ
μȻˣȻɱ⣬ﶼͨ͸
ճϣңңţɱӿ
;ûһ˸ҽ裬ȫԶԶıܿ·
ЩݵİܱҲȥ׷ɱϡ
ƿصһЩҶԷ֣ʵǷ֡
Ȼûпʱȥᣬȹ˽գȻһһȥȴǲ
ճĿɨȺѾ̡
ڴʱȻѪ쵽ԶȺҪĶ
Ȼתͷͷӿ޺ڶӰͷС
ĸߣϱңҲû̫⡣
ףѵǴûʲôˣûжɱѪ
ճһ¾񲨶˲ϸ룬ӰԶȴǲܸˡ
˫΢΢ɱֱ׷ȥûոյľס

߿ߣ٣ո˿۹̫ˣܸ棬кܲõĽ
˰ɣС䣬ôָʲôڣġ
ٲţȴĹͷҺȥ
˵Ҫȴʵ˵Ļʮŵġ
ǰݳ͵Զʱλֵܾͱѵöࡣ
ʲôǷʲô˾֣ʱԤУʮ׼ȷ
ż뷴Уʮҡ
ԣÿμ¶˾ɫپͻʮСġ
Уޡ
˰ͨ书ĽͷкҲҶͣԭƻŵŶȥ׼뿪Ƿ֮أΪԼһͰӶŬ
ٳʱԺȻǾһȭĳ
һסĸ첲ʮʵ٣һֵܣ˵ʵ᲻ôһ죬ҲһȭͰѴܴƨ
֮԰Ѵܵˣʮʹ޶Է
ʱ᳤ʱмһֱӡ
Ļ͵ţǿ̹ʹޣԸ£̻
ΪĻ͵ŵ׷ɱµҲ
Զʹ
һģˡ񹦣һ죬ᳬˣΪ
ˣ
˹һЦǰ·ɻ󣬳Ƕȥ


821 治ϣ
ܷ¥ϣ线ԶʧıӰ̾㫑εˣ֮󣬿Ҳ˸Ҵ⣬̼ҵͳҲϧЦ
ЦʲôԵĵ÷͸Ϣʱ֪ԭǷˡ
˵϶ʱ纺֮һǴӷ飬һʱˣȻಡ齡
ѹ纻⡣
ӦþǰˣҲŽ֮ؾ֡
÷ﾪ棬ȴɵơ
˼䣬̾ЦʦòŪСɵźţ˴޹⡣ֻϣŴ㣬Ҫ̫㫑յģ³²̫á
纵ĻóСĸйٲ̫á

ϣӳųһֱߣԽֵԽоҲԽǷ۴νڱȣͷһͥ԰
ͥ԰һ̺ˮ岨Źơ
һׯ԰ռؼ㣬ɫѽůĴɽׯ֮ڣޣԶԶԼԼ洫
ʱϪˮʱʤǱʱ֡Ѫȷȣ˵һƬ͡
һټġɽׯ֣̽ԶԶܿȻĽеķȴǲҽǰ
Ϊ˶֪ׯ԰ڵǳǿ󣬱Ƿ֮һȴֱ׷̼ҡ
ۼι¾ʤ̼һͷ
ׯ԰ǰͥͣ೵վŵҸļҶǸμᣬݲܽ԰ܣֻȴ
ǰԺһǣżٱųһ
ɽׯȴмʮ﹭ŮΧС
㣬԰µıôǵģǷɽׯĴҪ»Գ
һƤףֳֳŮʿ촽ĵǰһλͷ˫ƮźɫŮ˵
ҪҲ£нǾ䣬СĽ䱸¡ʲôʣǾƴҪҲҪųɱȥ
Ϊ׹⣬ȫֻ֣Ϊ£Ⱥ֪ЩԾȴҲȷ
ʵϣҲ²´̼ҺҽϵЩŹ֣ȴǲЩȶ֣ˡ
ΧұҲֻȻΧţ֣ȻЩһֻǵȴ԰֮ڵ̬չʮֽ䡣

ʮ˹ĸоһҲûʱĻڣƽǱӿ
Сһӭڡոյ꣬졣
̨һ٣λŮȣʮiŮOű¶һƬʢױβ֮УƮԶ˳
Ů̧ͷϸɴ紵ţ¶һѩķ档
΢΢Ƿͷڸлޡ
СһٻʮҲĸԸ
ǰϷδ羳˵Ʒдһ裬Ϊ֮ͣͣðսʿֹϢ꣬ҿСҲǲضˡ
һӭڣӴֱ׷Ʒֶһʵǿϲɱ
˺֮УһλƳ룬˹ŵӾٱ
ãɫ˫ܰһղڶգǰ彭µӭ
һͬɤ˶ͬײ˵ܡ
˶üȥϯˣ˵ľŽ멣ɫ׵ʮӡ
ĸߴ󣬿һŹ⣬׶ȴƫƫֹš
ֵʱ֣ﻹһҡ˿żƤһء
˲ĿŵļЦȫͷȥ¶ΪȻ
˵֮˾彭ĶӣӢ۶úһʵﵽһΪ˺ѶҲûʲô˵ġ
ֻ˻òһܡ
ȴһʮֲܵϰߣǾʮֺɫп۵ŮӣǧټƶŪ֡
Сɵգˣ˼еаֻҪ۾˶ܲ
ļһôû鷳ԽԽ󻰣˿ͽҲܷΪϱ
һ˴ԲӺǲˬĿһλЦӯӯʮ֡
ʮֵ֣Ļηˣ˵Ǹ̼ҽˣôŶ̫ƺ̳ߵò
һС˵
˵Ȼ׿ϯļλˡ
һλˣΪʢһλŮӣеָöߣˡ
Ҳ࣬һλĵ깫ӡ
ͦٷ磬СȴûйעֻƵбһսȹŮӣ鼫Ϊԡ
űһԱߵ๫ӣЦһΪʦŮ֣԰Σ񷽲ŷģֻǳڳɫŮӣǾͺðˣƢͬǺ£μҲÿ֦ɢҶڽӴ
ЦϸϸȹŮӣ̾Ҳѹʦģ㫑ɲŮͬӢ޾ףݻȣ㫑Ҫǿˡ
ŮӽЦ³үʢ̳ñ֮Σ
ȻҼұݼȫµŮ˶ǱȲһСָͷġ仰ȴ˵ôЩˣ˰Ŀ


822 治£
³ΪηѵõĴ֣ʱֵһ꣬ü˶ɵð档
ӢȻ쵶ȱĳʦǰöɲŮ֣֮԰Ρ
³Ӵһﲻȥ;УСգߥǰɢɢġ
ȴϣʦԼ㫑ֿ֮ʼգֱ߲
Ҳá
³ѾţȻȥ㱨֮׼ʣס
ۼ˲ţη̳Ȼ㫑ġ
˵ӵƥķϻҵž޴ʵһܺõĽ׶

㫑һƵʦ˼ֲ䡣
ˡ
һ˫аۣԼȥгռ֮⣬Ρ
ֵǣ֪Լ鷳彭ɼ˰ڹϯϣ
ڵ̬ԼҲЩͬ
ҲӰʲôЩ¸
㫑ΪˬʴϲıֶΡ
͸Ľһ㣬һǰ·
Ҳ֪ĵӣ̤ؽ磿ϴû취ûᣬն㹷ͷο֮顣
ϡһ죬㫑νʣӳյƹ⣬˸Ŀ⻪
㫑彣֮һ;彭ɵʱϣ档
㫑νĽӢޡϺɡꡢҶȫ齣ʣɱڡ
㫑ͻȻսȫʱȻ
彭ɵĶԹЩ˴඼֪ģ˫ͬһ٣ΪѾȥʱԭˡ
ҵ粢ƽͣҪ֣
춯䣬Ѿĺ±
֪ν彭Ҳǣ
һߵλϡৡһվб㫑ǲм
彭ɳϣһһ߱һ֡
ȴ彭ɴ֪Լλӵ̫࣬³žͱˣӶµĻ
ǣǷ֣ƾȴǴ򲻹ġ
㫑ڶ֣ľʿڳ˶Ϊλ彭һֻ׶༪١
óȻһͷ˳˵ĴӪѰ·Ľࡣ
ʦҲǰͷĵ㫑ѡڴʱѣȴǺܺõѡ
彭ʵ಻󣬸ĿҲ·𣬴ʱλһ֣պսҲռˡ
˲ǣȻΪ˿ȴһɵӣôܻ̤Σ֮أ
˵㫑ˣɫΪƽûаĻʧ롣
ѵʲộ
³ֱ壬ĬĬ
ʦȴǿŰνӢˬ㫑ԳԣҪǰ֡

˫ţҪ֣һ˽ȴ
Це˵̳԰꣬彭ĿˣϷһ棬˫һԺô
ʲô
ʲô˼
˵㫑ã°Ӻһ̳ȥ彭ѰƵ˶顣˳ޣƾʲô˵ͣ
ǰ̼Ϊף㫑˵Ҫ£κܲԾ
翴ˣ֮о͸ŹŹ֣ԭôһ¡
ЩѵѾôһˡ
ԱܿѾӷָҰġ
˵彭ĿȻ㫑ǰ
㫑𾪵תͷȥ
길俴ţްɫ
㫑һĵˡ
һҪѰû뵽Ժڲȣѡʱѣˡ
ɫüΪѿһЩʹġ
һµľ
ÿһγޱȣƽ
ƽҲ˽ǡ
ѵ̼İ֮õķӽͻɢУûҵ
㫑ҧ﷢ݡ
ôĵӣҲӣֻ֪Ƿ֮һ֪ģΪǷĳء
㫑δƾ֣һλź׵꺺ͻվָŭȡ
˷׹ǵǱͳ֮һ档
ңԷ̼һֱĹƽҶвԸ
ƿص漫˳ۣƽʱնҲûʲôӣϾûʲôƿŵһֻսԼа˰ˡ
Ǿ뷢ѣҲù˼̼ҡ
ôһ֧Ȼƿصǧû⣬˵ڴ˳ҲûʲôȨ
һ֣ҰӣþʿҲԲ١
ϧͳ챻ǰ磬ûд֣ʱͷʮֲǡ
ҼȻѾѣ᲻׼ôҲҪվ׼ǻ
ۿ˶ˣ˽
Ȼոճͷܷ죬Ӱһ˾͵࣬һյһ˳ֱ̣Ʒ缱
ȴˡ
ֲԼһṥԼһǰءһ˳ȥ
ͬʱһײϷε֡
סҪֵʱֻһߣԾһˣһȭӡĺġ
硱һ졭
Ӧɵ³һȺѪˤڵأʮʹࡣ
ۼıͶ˳Ŀ׻ĺףʱѱһȭüҶ顣
ЩҶƬǲ뱳Ƴء
㣡ѣϳ˳ȭ֮˭
ͳ֮һ
ɫЦ棬㿴ƵĴܻôʵۡ
˵һ˶ϣ¡¡ȭ籬죬ҪϾɱ


823 ɽϣ
󵨿ͽ
㫑Ѿŭˣֻһᣬʹģǰ̿ɱȴѱͻȻϮˡŭͻֱܹȥһѩ⻮
ն
ѩ׹ոӹڰյЦݻϣ֡
㫑ĮͣնĽͻȻת򣬻һ⣬ովѱӹ
죬أλ͵Ϯ˵ڵأ鴤һ
ݡ˵һ
б仯Ǵ
üֱ
֣ҲλĻʵΡ
λȻһ֣Ҳ·ˣҵмɱ
ҵһԱͽſ׵ʱ򣬾һ֣ûһʮУҲѰ¡
ȴʲô
㫑һͰȫնɱ
ʲôʱ书˾磿ǰܿĽ켣ֻҪǿƣֲܷܣĽȴǶ仯иͣ仯ѶԸ
ʩʩȻվһԿЦ彭λϣһĻɫһףĺ
֮ԸҲѷʵƶ㫑ܶʲôв
ʱȴִͬ
ȵķ֣λ˴ѵ˶֪ʱȻ͵ͬʱҲЩ仯
ַ֣о̹ǣʮ
λϣܲܵס
ʵ
ѣλ࣬ػ
Ǽš
ɫ˱䣬ü㫑кӢ޵˷ˣǿЦ̳㿴˲ǣϷûб˼Ƿһοأ
ĵΪѣ⹥ͬţⳡҲ᣿
㫑ͻȻЦɫڽ
ɱʱӢ˴֮ͣЦü΢䣬崺磬۾ֱʿˮڶ
ڳ̫ȥעС³ߵݼûٿһۡ
Թ޵һ޵ڶʵҲˡ
㫑֣СɺݼȻ۲ֵľɫһ֣ȴѺȫȥˡ
̳ѵõŮȻ顣
һʿ̾еĻţٱȽһǰˣɱ
һԲĴӣḧԼԲСҲǳ̾һƫͷȥԲ࣬Ҷơ
ͨ˼Ů뵽ŮһճΪ˵ԼȴԶòʹڣֱһͷײ
㫑һңŭһûתͷ꣬׼ȷ˵ǿԼߵλɫĮˡ
ʦɣȰ˵ѣԴһʧ
ȻĻʹﻹһˣһѵ
뵽ְ
ЦȻᣬ̳ƿطһֱ⻼ûжɫⲻˣǸۺ죬ǽ¡֮ҽؽ֮ãҶ֧֣Ȼ
˵Ŵ治Ҳڳͬһ㿴ֻļʾǰ
ʩʩȻ˳㫑ݣ޵һڿˮЦŵŽʮˣδȢףԳĽѾã֮ϡģҽ̼֮Ȼ£֪Σ
˵ܸ㫑һ̨£˫ֵòɿ
ûڵڣȴǲܷȥӦҲôӦ
ܿ죬ͻᷢԼ书ʵʲôǡ

ʦɫѪ죬ͻȻվǳ˴󵨣ϣͲ·ŭ𣿡
ţ鲻ãףڳĿɿڴ˷־䣬䲻ʦ죬ʱʮᣬߵλʦ֣֪μҵ˼㱾˵˼ηȻǿ󣬵ܲ񡣡
˵ĵʵ
μϾϣʵس࣬ȡ㡣
˵ǿ׳ǳͥҲκβãĴҲǿǰĴ쵶ȱеʦ֡
ǣΪصĵκβǣȴҲ;ŴɽӣҲ̫¡
𣿡ʦһԼң³΢΢ֱͦΣһӴѹ˹
Ӳֵͷ΢΢һ٣֮зһƣ㫑ǰҲȥ
֪Сμҵʵᶮã̳μϵãһֱΪѡգ˿£ʹμҴ𲻴Ӧ
ûʱֻǸ檵Ц޼ɣҲ˵á
ʱ΢΢չ¶֣ЮμҴƣȴ˲Һӡ
һλ֣㫑֪ʱʵ³ΪμҵߣȻҲһ۷֣֣ҵ³ܻǲ
һĻ͵͵Цˡ
صȻƴ󣬵Ҳ˿˳ۣʱȴǲϣǵóԸ


824 ɽ£
̨ϵСǸո¶Ц⣬ٴʧ
㫑˷ͷʮֲ䣬λ˶Ȼǿף̲סҪЦ
δ˶ãͼηͦҿǲ
˸ţٴγ֪ʲô⡣
ɫڳηĵ顣
ȻԼҶ˵ûԶ̫ηҲֻǲ£û˻ôһˣԼµġ
̸ģ쵶ȱͬһɽֻҪͻ﷢顣
ĥ˵ʣͼһ˳
ŵɫۣһֱûʲôڸС
˶Ϊҵıʿ䣬ֻҳ棬ϯ
ʱŷԼۡ
վﾹɽţĽŲн³ǹǿѹһɨա
ֵһƣɫӿһ³ˣЦ˵ˣ͵п˵ģԶǿͣҴҾһ
ݣƱַɳһ⣬³Ʈȥ
˹֮ʮ⡣
ʲô˼һƣη֪֮Ѷˣ³󣿡
ԣǾƱ
˵
ֻɫƱƮƮǰУλƵķ³³ɫȴǰݡ
ֵĲⱭƷɵ̫죬̫Ǿʮ졣
ӳԽԽǿԽãͼƣⱭƷɵûа̻ƫƫһ֣˶Ʊضɵ³ؿڴްʡ
ˣΪʲôִ
ˡһ죬Ʊ³ŵָڣûмֲ
ʧ䣬ͼ³ݹŹָ֣أǰ죬Ǿˮʣʪۡ
׾Ʊȴǻϸɳžˮ䡣
³ҡΣӡꡱһѿ϶ɫҲǺס
ʦʵ³壿
û£³³һԭһȸˣĳˣμҲٲ֡
ɲʾΪոⱭŹŹ֡
˲è壬ȴ׵ġ
ƱƮҲǿƣΪ֮ʱ̣ûһ˿ɢ
⵹Ҳˡ
³֮ʱžķ֣Ʊϲоڼһɼǿͬ
³һʱͱײˡ
ȫϳַж˾Ʊ˾ˮŵҲѡ
Ѿ·磬Ǳȫѹơ
֣ڼҶߵزҺܻܿв
³ãΪɵ
ǰĻ꣬ӦԶĻһ
˵ǰ˸һִĳѹǵķȴов
ǿУôѡ񶼲Ҫǡ
ʦɫȻ͵͵һ㫑ʮȴվû˵
³ʵ֪Լ³Ϊ۷ƣжϾ׼
Ȼ˱ܣʮа˾²Ϊ
Ӧ˵ĵˣǿгͷǼ˿»׶༪١
ΪһѣĴֻۣҪɵӣ֪ôġ
ʦСܹҽȻɵӡ
Ƕ㫑ĴĽʱҲֻͷ
˾ȫĿ⣬ĪЩη
㫑ηͷﻹЩοЩĴΣǼ˺ôġ
γ֪ڴǿλɵΪʦд꣬ȻʶģҲֻʶѣȴδ˵ʵȻﵽ˵ز
³ʵʹﵽһ۷壬ƿҲϳս֮ͬȼӦҪǿࡣ
˵Ķݽ棬ȴληĵ³Ͳǻ˵Ķ֡
㫑³书ȻȴԣڽڣһЩֱӻܡ
ɲĻɣȴҲûаʤ㡣
ΪƮɶȥľƱ̾ľҲʮֽ塣
Ҳ㫑ûгʤ׷彭ˣ߹Ҹӵԭ
οǰ֮ʱӦǿ󲨶
һȻ³һ˾ɣһɴԼ޴ΣոоģҸء
㫑֪Ӧûһλ֡
Ụֱ̄ʺܴ󣬽ʧˣӦðҲһġΪ˸һϲɱжὣҲû֪٣ʧˡ
㫑ճﷺһ˿⣬᲻׷Լܹأ
뵽תͷ˿ſڣȴӰȻЩʧ䡣
̳ںڲĽһͬаɣģҿԸһϢһġϧǣԵģһˡ
ɹЦ
һ̬ȫļıзչûʲôʡ
뵽ٹһʱ䣬ܰճ죬Ц
ƾҼƿطѴ˷УǺʡ
Լ˹ͣʦͷᴫ¹Ժξʹͬ
㫑һͻȻʵǵĿ꾹Ȼ٣ҼǵûӦûʲô˲Ŷԣңƾʲô;ÿԳԶˣ
ֳбָһֳʽָһɲѪɱϢǵأֶȥȴǼ֡
ʿɱ衣
㫑㣬ưθߣᶨִţ˵ǿ־·ûκӰ졣
㣬Ͳڶ֣ôûõģɡ
һɤ
ৡһѲ𣬵ڻŵĻƣɢƮɣһߴӰ˳
ɫ˫ü絶䣬ɫʮֲҰס
עĿĵɫһѳùݵֱ
ûеʵıУԳĹʮֻɣջһıǷɱˣ
˵
ոշһ˿ʣԱʮ
žžһ춯˶ĺˡ



825 ƴһϣ
˵ӰЩ˵ֻҪһΣ;
¡ü䣬ֳֺڵ
Ƕ˵ˣһֶŷƴʮؾаȻߵĶ֡
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֣֮ǰŵأĪͼһĳ۷գۼ͵ֱۡ
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ǰ̽ƿ⻪һˮ˰İ׺ۣһʹ̵㫑ǰ
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㫑ոһϲͷһĽֱӴ͸Ļ˳ֱֱۣ
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ֻֽޱѣѪᡣ



826 ƴһ£
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žһҳһĿ׶ʯͷѳɷۡ
ξ޴ƤʯͷˣȻûʲôˣȻ죬쵲ס
񾪾壬˶ףʲôֲĶˡ
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ˡǰҲ˲Χ㫑ʵ
֪ŵ书֪ԼˣҲѰģ
ǡ˫׷ˣȫ´ˣ书
һ仰û˵꣬һȣȫ
Хһûķžž졣
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827 һ֮ϣ
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𽭻˼ûֻǷɳһֻӣԼŵԶԶ㿪
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һȻǷɴû̫ྫճ֮֮ںϡ
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㫑ճĻûаǿŮ̬ЩĳһûܰЩΧһ㣬ܾټˡ
İɣոնԸˣһѣȻҲܲ˵ġճ˫üһ̧ͷȥšɼĵվһƷΣ٣׼֡
խ֮Ҳ˲öϢǿѹƣ׼ӭս
ճɨȫ΢΢ͷֻо˵Ŀֱͬģ˲ֱӡ
ȼλ彭ɸ֣ʱĵȥķǻš
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ʦ㫑ճﶸȻһʹ
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ΪԭʱѾνʣԱ⣬ͬһˮڻҫ·ɫңңȥһɷֱ֮üҡ
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Ȼ˵ö֮ˣȥȥճЦλ̣һӰ˹ȥ


828 һ֮£
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829 Ⱥףϣ
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832 У£
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ŶԭˣǾǰףԸʦóԸҪһǻѪˮ֮ǹһ룬ɵץˡ
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˲ţּĹʵڱԺ취չУ߸ʲôǰ;
һ̣ճȴû𣬸Լûǰ;
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ȻС͵˲ǻô򵥣Ϊ˷ǣʮ־ˡ
ⶫڳУǿţһȴԿ϶
žͻ֮־
ҲǴ˵еҰˡ
ʷһ꣬ʼʳݣȫͷƫƫ͸ҷ´ԸɷҲ˿ȡ֮
˵úٻ־˵òǲ֪ߵغҰĴúܣȷκӵҰĻ
ʱͿ˵ȷΪһǴ˵ʹ£˾ǲݵļһ
ԣ·ʽûдеĽΪá
Ȼ˻ᵱ˸磬ﻹ֪ôɵϡ
ûоη֮ĵģ󵨡
ճվӰЦݵĿźϷ֪һᡣ
ս֮ȡ󣬴δһܣԶ֪ôԸ˵ļıûǸģҲ̫΢֪ɫĽֱٰӵì
߸ԽԽ࣬ȴʲôҲ֪ѲͣͲͷٵ
⿴˵£һ͵˷ڣҲͼ˵ĵ⣬ֻЦ˵ǿǵҵ屦Ѿ齵߸ڣΣ
ҲӮŴͣ̽ͷһĴӰʮְգ֪мˡ
Ϊʲôǲ̫أ
˼ҿߣϧ᲻õȥΧȷҲǹֲñˡ
Ȼһ䣬˵Ż׽ǣͽһӵϣΪʲô᲻ɣ
ĿɿڴԼȻ߾ٵĳɨ˵ķ˵飬ûпȥ㷴ΧţǲЩˡ
Ц´ңܹҷҪķǿ˲ţڸ屦սʱҲǰһСæΪһôйȰǼҾ
岻ͷĵɣҲû̫ʱ˷ϡ
ԼݣԸСӣҲ㹻ˣշ
ڱ˵ĵϣһһΣգȴЩˡ
һ񰡣ճվ⣬ſһ˲ɫ䣬ɰ̾Ϣ



835 ᣨϣ
λߵˣȴСǱ΢ģʮʱ˭һЩõΣϣܻŮϣԼԶڲͬ
ΪڸϷĵòֺ˵ûĶȻǼٵġ
ʵ֤ǲδڲֻͬһԸ
֮ǰӣҲֻ˼ҿʱˡ
ĵĴ˵ȨҲʹˣʶʱΪ
ĸ˵ģһҲԸġ
ó˹ĻһڣճЦҲɫһ䣬˵Ȼûʱ䣬ǾԱɣֵֻգڡ
ǵʵ⣬ʵҲ
ŭɱȲΪãǾƱزܷǼҲˡ
˵Ʈݣһ߳ĺӹңǹ٣ȴ׼ɱˡ
Ů˷һѹֱ˳ЫˣǰΪǼٻͿȻͷ綷ܵĹһ㡣
ĻĵףЩŮһı㣬ϴλ˶ʦҲǴ˶ʦҪɱ֣ŪҾȻҹﻨǮ˼ûˡ
ҲΣһΪ˶ʦǿѵ˲ŵķϲŸ߿һۣԭģҪշǣȻȡ﹫һֵ֮ܵı£
Թ԰һܿ»ָ˶־
ճ¾棬ֶ֮һ֪£۲ӡ
֪ʱδɽˮĵزȴҲسзչ
˷ֳԭǸϷҼ֮ͷͻἤǿս⣬սжǶ£ÿһ̶ȡó
ǰȻÿ˲ӣȴǲ
ճԹ۲һµΣͷ̴ֱ¥ԺַΧ
վ£Ӱһ㣬Щ󺺿źûһע⵽
ֻ÷ڶһƬš¡һ죬һǽͻȻ˴֮һӰ԰Ϣ֮䣬ȥ
±ϲȴ׷ˡ
ճں棬һ㴩ֵ£͵һķ֮ڣͬһ㣬Ҳ⣬ֻǰźž͸˽ȥ
оС͵ʱ׷öˣۼʵᳵ·Ҫץȷǲ̫ס
ճųһ˿ţôװô˦ѡ
һ׷٣һųʧܵԭ
ԭ򣬳㻹Ūһ¡
Ѿ㹻ӣʵȻСӵСһԴΪԷֵԼ໨˼
˵ˣûĶԴԷֻǴõ˼Ҫõ﹫ҲãҪշλǱ˲ţֻһֶΣûд󻨾ȥ£ǣ
һ㿴ȲɽԱȲλɫӰۡ
һѾƭȥԼıܣʱ޿崺磬ôöԷ⣬øͬδֵطꡣ
⣬ǶԸıߵĲš
ճȻȥôѧҲûôྫŹֵֵܽݵİϷʵƫɲŮͶŷķʽ˵ѳıֻǶһľˡ

˱ɽŽ˶ĳֱƭ϶ѡ
ۼþҪУִɱߵԣһƽĽ־ͰǼЦСҪܣ뿪һᣬͲƭƭɫ˰ɡ
ۼֵѼӷˣٿԷƣ֪ǼֻüԶģĨơ
ȴ˵ѵ֣߸ξʦҲζģܲ㣿
Ľһ㣬ԭǡξʦ㣬ѹֿôˣӮ÷ˡ
ӯӯǳЦĿӹˣȻλ̧̫СŮˡҳֻܹȣʲôСġֻΪܹѰɢ˵Ұӡ
ʣµļʮ߸ھ֮ﻹ£ȫߵøɸɾ
֪˴棬ѳǷ֮أڶķ»֮ǡ
һЩˣˣ߽ķλ꣬ʵϳ˶ע˭Ӯ˾͹˭
ճһĻҡͷ֪ôݿ˵ˣųѨѣҲһѣԱ߾Ȼһֻʨӡ
ճһվԱûаڸеĻһˣͷ߹ڣ׾ʱֱŶģƣ
˱һ˶Ҫְ࣬ƫƫжĿɢȥֿ˵űע⵽
ٵˣˣ㣬ôҲûСܴôƤѡճоһһ·Ҳˡ
վڸ߹˵ׯģ˺ͳ㣬ԼһЩ£ȫδΪǸŸ߹˵İС
ٺȻɢʧеϵˣ
߹Ƕŷ̿־ӡ
ŷ¶һº͵Ц⣬Զ汾£ϵƭˡڼǻûе˶ǵĶƤȥ˵ǵƤҪˡ


836 ᣨ£
һоϳ˭һŷ
ĺͬʱһ𣬸ŪŷϵСӵĹϵ
ŷֱֻĿſٺ꣬βӦ
ûδܺ𣿡
㽿΢ܹ˵Цˡ
ŷģ۾Ƶϣĳûצкü꣬ÿŮ𣿡
֪ԷǶŷϻѱСèеεӦ󵱼ӡ
ٺŷһǳʱѹøмȸֽп࣬ȴȫް취۱䶷ǣǶԶϺĶ֡ǰƣּ֮ŷ⣬ǲпɳ֮ƴ䣬ŷٲôϵˡ
ŷת˵ˡ̸ˡ½Ĵ֮һרΪ½ѰŮǿӶɣ
һæܹˣֻǱĳĹͣһϵûС
ŷͷǾã
䣬ֱöķ죬޷룬ֶ־
ĸǰпֻ࣬ùԹ
ڴʱһȴ˶𣺡ԶģûϳأҪͽĹʦΣְܷɡ
ŷȫϢͻȻһϣŤͷȥݾͬһ㡣
ŷ˱֣ڳ˰һ
˴Ǹͨˡ
Ȼŷûվˡ
һһѶƷˣǴ󾪳ô㣿
ôңڵʱҾҪǣϧˣҵȻԵǧᰡ
ճЦ˵ţתͷ΢΢ȭͽ£̫ƤˣҪץȥûɡ
ɶŷ߹ɽˮ˲ż磬˸Ǽŷ΢΢ĵһķӣɱӿ䣬˶Щ
㱾ڴǲټ֣Ӷŷˣƣɫһףʲô˼ˣתͷŷ߹ˣһ
Ϊ֣ڶŷɱϮ֮£ϱû䣬߹ĶҲʮɡ
㡢ġȻû˵˵񣬿̫ˣҲļ죬ʲôˣѵļҴ󷧹ӣ
ǣļҴ󷧸ڽŷǰ˴֣ûλµĶܹܷ
ôһ̣˿ճ۹⣬ͬһˣУλƢɲôãһٸ棬ʮŸ롣
ĵǲʶ꣬ƾ˵ľٶܿͻ֮ء
ǾȵǣŷıƢûзֻǻϢ׾Ӳĳһ˿ЦݣЦ˫Ȼʸһģֻû뵽ʲôʱͽܣ
˫
һУæԶһЩ˻ûӦֱð
ǰʱ߸ھԷйһжռҺͻɽɳʦ˾ȷ棬ճɱøɾúжֱ߽⡣
Ǵı㣬Զߣ췲֡
ճЦδ䣬ȻĻ־ܻȥһЩıƣҲ̫ϲȥ֪һǱ߲Ҫˡ
Ȼ֪𶯣漴Էƺû鷳˼æͷӦǣһתܹ
ǰûϳʱ֪˭ֱңĻʹĵ
ǵ飬Ŵɽׯ£类񣬱Ĳ˵˵ˡ촸ţһѷɫ˵ĸ֡ǣĽɣһۣλȴֺëû˵
ûߵĶŷҲǰƣ֡
ûаտӮ
ճ˵󣬲ŻشŷĻܹʵúãȻǵһμ棬СӸԵȻҵͽܣӦòᵢǵѧҵ˵Բԣ
Цδģȴƫƫܿһ㼥Ц·˵ܹܼȻܹǿϺҵȻǿͽܣ˸˭ߣ˭б¡
ŷɫһڣ뷢ճɫһ䣬ĵȵʱ
һƶȻſͬɽ󺣣ڳƺһġ󡢳ɫ͵ͨ죬Ϲ֨죬ƺѹ
ŷɫˣдź죬죬뷢Ȼȫֿˡ
ʱճͻȻӿĿϢͬӰʧŷһΣ¡
ƶԿ֮£Ȳճշ磬һΣˡ
ڳȫˣŷѾȫԸ·磬ڳȴδȻСӵĹȶŷҪǿ󣬶ճѹĵıܿˡ
ɫãȻɫһࡣ
˫ĽûʣȾѾ˴һƵѴ¯ࡣ
ȻƲɱϵսû˻ΪλЦˣֻӻ
Ҳûаģսսģ־ӳӡ
ֻһ̣뿪ֱһ̶Ըȥˡ


837 ŭϣ
֣δ䵽ϣŷǹһЦոܿģҶĳȴûвս˵ϰߡ
һڣ΢΢ǰ㣬Ϣİڶ֮ϡ
תոҪͣһȫһ㳯ϡ
ŷϷ𵭽ɫʣʮֵĵӦֵĳȡͷˡ
˵ֻǰһõŹԾͻǰЦҪ
ճɫһ䣬˵ܹã㿴˰ɣһƺơ
һ㶣Ŀϵӣȴԭһ棬֪ʱһֻϢķ˹һΪ㡣
ŷɫס
ְأﴫٿӣת뻯סˣҲɵơ
ǣĿ֮£û˭ճ˫κһطԶ˹
Ƿ˹Ҳϡ棬ϡǣովȻûһ˷ճʲôʱ򶯵ֽš
˵ӷʱ˵۾Ͷ䡣
ֶϸ˼ֽ֣ţǲǶɱ˵ʱ򣬱Ȼ֪ء
ŷֽڰգûǷƣͼǰƾһͻȻ˸ֱֱԾճ̯ġ
ճƷһ۵ֳ
¶ŹɫƾûֻץһֻƵĵȴСҲСġ
ճȴƺûзֱϵĹŹЦݣĵС˵㣬Ӯȴ㹻ˣΪĸλ0㡣
Ļһ䣬ˡһ죬ɷѵƾͬŷеȫɷĩ׷
Ψһõľֻճеһš
Ӯͨԣ𣿡
ճƾһӣ̧ͷЦ
ŷһҲû᲻֪ճ¶һѶΡ
֮ͬˣŷǰﴫѾǼѣ˵ֽŲմƿ΢ˣѾǴ˵е
ŷҲδǰճԦʹ
٣սԴǰ飬û˭˵Ϲ˵Լ
ʱһ˾ȴҪеġ
ճ˵ɫЦҶûǾĳӮˡ
һ̾ϧһ̣ϵ㲢ûע̫ϧˣȻӮӡдϣϣ˹ǸЦ
˭˵ûעôȵճɵһĿ˹ȥ
ҲͶķ֮Щȫʲộֻ˵ϻˣ߰ɣҿûǼϵǰ˵ˣСİӡ
ǰʦӰڳˡ
ɫԭΪڶŷоѾˣûϵ;ɱһˣһ»ô棿
˵ճŴһȭƴһֻΧʿѪɷģʱԣ֪ôˡ
Ӵֿ񣬸һͷҡ˹һ㣬˵մʺܲͽܣ˰ɣԺʲôҲѧᣬǶ˼ҵ
ߣĳͽܣѧĵһΪʦΪӦҲôӦӦҲôӦ
ճɫһûĸͷʲôĻ׼֮ǣ˵Ժ̡
о仰˵úãòģȵõˡ
Ȱ˿У쳤վãǿ˺ô֪˺ôȻȻͻġ
˵ƴ죬̫أô뻹ô룬ƨҲûС
ճ仰һ١˵ʱƿԡ
ɣ˲ǽֱ׼ҪͽܣָΣ
λҶһӣλСֵһΣ
ڴʱһЦӴſڴֻŮӣһһһһݣ߽ķ߽Լļһ㣬֮ûһǿڣڳ˻û˽
ȻҲλһ֡
Ĵ󻤷ǵ㡢
˸ͻȻ
ɵĴֻͣͷΪͷߣ᲻֪ʱǰҲһ֪ΪλϰĪҪǵ⣿
ݿݸŮֿ촽ЦҾǵ㣬λԶʾ֮Ļºɳɵ͵Ϯҡ
˵ˣҲǵĶԹҲǶûн飬ǶǰҲûʸ˵⻰ٿڵĺá˵ֻץ١ꡣ
ǻͶ׼ȳˡ
ճԽԽ࣬Ǵסˡ
֮ʱ֪֮ʲô⡣
õ
ʲôֻҪһ澳ͻᱬ֣ԽΣԽʣǲ֣Ҳиǰң֮ķչ
Լ֣ŷȻҲץ߿˵ģֻڸս֮£öѣȻ½뽭ɱңӶԽսԽǿڳɾ˫
ճȴεķ
ûеõҪĽ֮ǰ˵ɾ˫ˣ˫ߣҲܡ
˼뷨ȴеˡ
ֻŲÿ˱׽ȥ﹫䵽˵Уɱġ
ճֻǵۺ˫˺еĳ﹫أ༸֪ص㣬ûʲô
ûдﵽԼĿ֮ǰ⣬СӰݷʵʵˡ
һƱ㻯ܵƲǡ
ɽ֣ȥ棬㻯һ


838 ŭ£
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ճץˣ㡢һ񣬲ǧֱ޷Хճͷزɱ
Ƽ
˵־Ͷ֣ˮ湥ȴһˣǳĬԵĳ㡣
ȻճͶŷʵסҳˣԸСе﹫رƣӰ쵽߸Ĵþơ
˼Ȼȳ֣õĻᣬȻƻճж
վñȶλһɲǼ䣬䴦ͱâϮճظʮغ
Ҳѹֳ˴󵨣дʮλ¸֣߸ڴУһڸ֣֮£ټһ˸ͬʱΧ
̣ʵѾ㹻Ӧκθ֡
ĺˣȻսҲûгôƣԽֵ˽⣬ȴǱλξʦҪ̣Ǽ˶֣һȥҲҳ
ãɺ߸ڹȻǾͽһ
ճɫһﰵգȻ֪ԼĴҺҳ֣ǲ֪
䳤ݡһջץ˵ƣսһ
ɫȻըѳ⣬ˮķӣǰĶͬµĻѩڡ
ǵҫ¥ą̃ͤ¥Ŀ
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Ž㡢еĸֱ޾ʹѣһ˳ֱֱײķ
˲ҽһⷭѪֱ磬ǽȴ糤۾һ׷
ۼ˾ҪնɱһֻӨһϸ׹ų֣һ쵲ס⣬ˣſƺߡ
ճⱻһһ䵲סչûɱλӣһҲ⣬֪Ƕ˺Ͷ鹫˵ˡ
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ңǽ׹еľԸоõ֮ʵѾﵽ죬𡮶˵Ҳûȥ
λӵһߵĳɾͲˣճȻߣȴҲû֣Сá޲ȺʽӦ
һ֣͸оǰ溣㴫ĽԼĽͬţ뺣ƬƬ飬һϢ岻ľǰ˳Ҫ뵽֮ȥ
󺧣ָľڿ־֮УŤ
ۼξʦҪճһնɱ࣡һһֻ𳤼䱬Ŀֱָճüġ
ҫ⣬һ˲ơ
֮ȻǸ֣õĳʯǿȷܲܡ
ճЦһջأһɫ磬ֱ⣬Ǽ˵һȥ
ۣ
⴫һҽС
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ŽŲļææߣȴߵüˣбҲˡ
ճӽʱ򣬳ҵ˻ᣬ͵һһʹӴ˳ȥ
ۼ˷֣λξʦʱͷɢҲնϣǰһϸϸѪ۳֡
ǰһüʱ϶ճһ֮档
ճסΧʱ򣬿һ͵˴Աߣͷһۣ֮˵Ĳ״ľٲͣûԥ
ճҲȥˣֻǻͷŷȻվԭأһܹܣǼ˳ΧҲֻ֣˴ûᣬôûж֣
ߣλС֪ߵغҲûȥ˫׹Σô׾ͱ͵Ϯȥ˵Ҳ
ŷǳ˳飬һȿ޻ѿЦݼ˵ϷµûĻոֻУа˳ɾҵϰɣ
ǽܹܣȻ϶ǬĳȻöһЩǹƽ˲ңҲó֣Ȼôʹ˱òҵͽɲˡ
ճ˵ӰһһƬɫ̣Ϣʹ
ŷԭأԣԼֻ䣬ֻУϢѿϸϸĿӣ⴦Լصʵ˫̹ա
ûУһ̣ÿһɱҪУһνֱ͸衣ŷЩįճߵķ̾Ϣһ˫⻯ΪΣѾңʦм˿Եȫһ
ԣһλ̬ӺݵŮӰţҲȥ׷
ĹװʮֻΨһгѾ飬¶ֱۣ滹һ˿Ѫۡ
һŮݾץŰؽ˹ʵˣٺӦӲ˵׷٣ǻҪҪȥæ
ˣҹĽСûʲô⣬ֻոͽܶѣҲͲ˰ɡ
һţѵõĺŭѾǶֵܲˣղҺյɱĲأƹǰǾ鷳ˣ
˵˺е¶һ˿壬һʱŵϢĸоʵ̫ܡ
شԺҪˣʲô˿ʲô˲ǣмЩǰңҪǵ鱨ôģ˫Ľ˸֣˵ɷ֮
˵ŻתͣµЩȥ̽Ϣѣʹϣм¡


839 ػ־ϣ
ٺ˳Ҷķ֮дòɿʱͷҲһأԾΧǽ뵽˹˳֮УգپһЩ񷿣͵һֵͷѾ̴¥ŷ
ҵĹԹԣ̫ˣϵҶҿ˶ʦͶǶס˵¸ûôһô˵Ϊ
Ĩһ亹µؽе
ɫȻأһҲûЦ˵׼ģϴβҪͶͨ˵ѵõӢۣΣ˵ܴˣǱϵҲǴΪ硣
˵Żֿʼӿ죬еߣߣҸоֱ˶ˡ
ûôаŰɣǶѾ֣ѿǣֶζóˣܱ׷ϣ
˵˵ȴһҲҴ⣬̧ͷһ£ͻȻǰһ㿴¥Ӻ֣ǽȥһܡ

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ֻԶԶţоƬɨ֮£˵һһôҲӲ׷٣ʱҲæ׽ˡ
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Զɲ˼ڸģԹԵ֣԰յĿӶ
˴ʱټѾڲǾȲصġ
߸ܡŷɽӱ񼽨µ˾͵Ϊǰ´ϡãӽźһշܣǬ
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һжˣʲô뷨Ҳ
ûԼ˷ĿģһǻԿռˣһ֮˴֮õһˣѹƸ֣Եо
˿ǴͷлĻճǲŹġ
Ϊճ֣˷ʦʵΡ
ɢˡ桸ɢְˡǹھԭĹȡսׯӼͽġϻңΪأΪΪͨ
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Ҳûкô֮ʱҲԭŷŵӴˣӴյԭ׵һ֡
Ƚʦ˵ˣԡһͨ仯ϤԾ㡹˵ÿ˶һصı⣬ǱֻǱִɱ˶ȡ
Ŵ쾵֣ΪӢۣڸ߾Уˣ߶صɫʡ
Ը߾ȰŸ߾յ
𡱱ͻľһ湦ԴĮԭʢ˥ϵìؾʮŽìʩǡʱ֮ݺԭ޵֣Ϊûܰ¡ˡ
ʵʹϵ顣
ͿԿ˲ʦһȣѡĵ·ԽԽԶѧﵽ󼰵ĵز
˵ûһճǲŵġ
ž޵ġ쵶ȱȻΪлͻƴʦֻƫһ磬ǾģҲܸ˿⡣һ֮Ԩ
Ҳףʯ֮Ҫһͳħԭ
ʵʲҪȨƣ۳ư£ǳ棬˼Ǹһÿž޴ô
˽ݾǰճȻ˼룬ѧˡ
ȺիʱΪƣ̫ԭδϯ£½ƻңȴһ˿ᡣ
ʵϣҪƾճĳʱʼչЩˡ
Ҳ£ٲ·ߡ
ԣճ뵽һӡ
Լ¼ѣЩȴǲѰ
ճһëͷСӣȴУʱ΢ĩƸѹηøһµʸ
˷չֱЦһ㡣
ȫµ˶һ䣺СӺεºܿԴﵽ˵زƷ书ĻıԣڶУƫƫܳɹȫʧܣΪΣ
ճҪˣʵү׶ӣһֱ³ɣʵûʲôɽġ
Ҫү׶ԼĶӣͽܡ
˾ҵˣļҵļ
һн輦úˣճࡣ
Ϊ޵ĿģճһҪ˫ͷ޿ɵֿӣһҪ
ץס˺ܼ򵥣ôץȴһѧʡ


840 ػ־£
λߣ˭֪յͽͻԼɹϣͻࡣ
ʵȴˡ
Щ˵ȷյͽ㣬׼òãǱ˲ŵ²ܷˣġ
ףλʵ㣬ķڷ
ʱڣµһ佫͵ò͵Ľˣշʲô³˸常ԭһ⣬ͱˡٰ常׿˼һüƣ˳ˮҲˣˣ¾ܡ
˶ΪƷԲãʵԭ򣬻Ϊѹס˵ȻͶ˱ˣĵȴÿ˾
ˣҲֻһˣʷϵķˡ
Щ˲ôɱ˾ˣֻ뿪Իľܡʵһǿ˷ͷ
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仰Ǳʶǣû˭ܹܵҲû˭ɺôģ
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СӴ¸ҼһΪΪ˲Ǻֵܣٱ꼸仰һȰͶӷѱ˵Լ뵱һˡ
λǲֵܣӵӵ£ЩǰȫѺעϵġʶ֮ʿӵ³Ͳ˵ˣ϶ã˳Ӧ߻ܹһţٻȻûаϣ
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Щȴǲܵģһͨպܱȥ
˵˵ԸκһӾУݵʱ򣬾ͻᱻϴ˴ֽţ߱Щʧץҹ߱ĳ˸ֿ˳ֱۣһ
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ֻҪһ˿ʣճͻһϲʧɢֵܣ˾δˣ֪ǿӻҲ᲻ԡ
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ճ̾ٷɫˮһ˿ƣձ鷺źĹʣ˱˵Ȼӵľɥ
˵еʵ۵ĸԼƾڷ͵ǵĲ֣˵һ̫ү˵Ӳӣ
ճ־ᣬһ˿һӶ
ҲүĶӣҿүĶΪͽܣô˵Ҳ൱ڰүˡ

ճϴŹŹЦֽԵ裬ԾŮŮԾԾƹķ
ԶԶվŵķɣļµֻǷԸ¹ĵķʱϹȻ£ȥ࿴ۡ
֮пô´ˣȻûɵϣǱ˭ףλˣǺεȿɲ
ΪֻҪԷ֮أͻͬ˱ԭȫ䣬һļ˴
˱һŮϽУҲʮֿģܽԼĵһͷҲ⣬˷ܼ䣬ȴһԣԸС澰ȥϴԡͲᣬֻתȥʵƹ𣿡
ٺŷ֣ԭǱˣˣ˼ֻƹ˽Ƕš
һԹ԰֮ĸк¥ĺ˳ȥ׷֣͵͵˽£˭ûоĳ˳ǡ
ճԶԶţ£ҲΪǵĻȲʡ
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һУܺõĽǣ޾յĳǣĻ˵ǴӴߺֿתս£ݺķ
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ȳ˳ǣ͵͵뿪ȴֳǸƹݺݵĲӣԭ˲˽ǿ¥Ǯƣƭƭɫ
˳סƹӾһȭߡ
ϵĽϲŻָʹеҪˣ
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࿴ǿˣʱԡ֮ôǣ
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Ŀɿڴ˵䣬ľˡ
ճúЦȴûа㲨֪λͷֻ뱣ϡ
̫ң˿ףճȴǶģʱҪʦı֣ϵһΣǾͽУþη

ǳˣΪʲôҵﻹЩأ
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ҲǼ£ס±ɣЦǶѾôԶˣ˶ʦϵСʦҲվҲǣ㻹ʲô
Сӣվûҽг
Ҳ֪ÿοǱʦͻһľĸоϵ˲ͬһӼӥĸܣ֪ûУ
һ˵ҾȷˣȻЦеģҲƺûʲô⣬обϴ󡢶ϵ˼ҪסܿΪ书Ҫ߰ɣҲ֪ôģҲ˼꣬ȴܴý߸ںͶɵƨ
˵һɥʦ˫Ҳȹһʱ䣬ˡ񹦣Ҳǿбǵͽܣ
־ҵǺڴһ죬ȵùԹԵĵͽܲС
һ˶ȫתͷȥУ߳һˡ



841 ģϣ
Ǻॡһ˴֮°γڳ䱸̬ϼճܿ·ֽ΢΢Ǿúˡ
һ̻ڻѳ죬ڣӴ˺ƾԾɡ
ջû㷢ͷԼԭһֱûѱ˵ģ֪ڿ˵һֳصĴ
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һ䣬ճҲ齣ʣֻƽƽǰϢɽһ㱬
˹ӿȷ׷һӴĲӬһſȥ
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۽ɨȥԼĺֵͬˣ϶£ɫҰޱȡ
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ֵǣոȥֵͷһɣоǰʵô£Էûʲô⡣
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ѪһҲݿڣմҶûͽܣԸҲóѵġ
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ͬʯͷһˤȥ˶ŷˣҲΪ˴˴λһɡǱˤǱˮϧҴӲôΪ
Ϊ죬һþǻΪںëԪ˵ǵ˺ǿҲͲ
ճŸٵӰ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ˡž죬ֱֱˤ뽭ˮ˻ˮֻðݣ±ӿǰ͸ǰûʲô
δץȥҲﲻҪĽĥһĥ
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ξͬһƬëֻ±ںѾԼӽ䵽˽ϡ
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ǿľоƬɨ裬ɨʮ׷Բճ׷ּ˹Ŭ˫ڽ˳ˮζȫӲĸӦ
˷Ȼһǰš
ҲԾУǰһСиŰ
ŵء
Ǽ黫ƹҲӲҵġ
ճҧҧͽѶ˸һʶ

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СʧصĵڣǿϾ޵еӡ
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ټǿ׺ĽɫҲܻܿһ˿Զɴĵط
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һ˳֮۳ɳʲôزܻŵʱݺݴƵСѧʦǾĵĴħȻᵭ
ճǿҪӡͷ𷴿˼ȴͷͷһ˿ɫ˿΢΢һԼľѩһ㣬һա
־ڱصõһͬ˿մͷҲƵһ˿ܡ
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ճûǿѹǵСӱķŵ㲻࣬ͷȴӲúܣܻܿһɢ
˵ǿѹʵҲûôʱ˷ͻΪڶԭ׿Ūþͻ²˳
Щ˫ĵˣܻ᲻֪о͵˴ùǲùǰҲǼѵúܡ
£ճȴǲġ
ͷǧתξһֻˮӹˣСȥˮˣɫ


842 ģ£
˵СʵҲ̫Сβ㣬ͷ˷ˣ˳ֱ£ٶȺܿ졣
ٶٿҲ첻ճƾΡ
һ紵ճ˴ͷһɨͷֲԡ
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λŰӵĴ󺺣ʱΪʵȫϷ
ŵ˵Ѫζճϸһˡ
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ǺҲ˲ճϴ񾪺˳־ͳһλ׷ͷŸֵסᣬɫ
ָͣ£ɱ⣡ʦˣôﶼ㣬ҲԵ
ճЦĿ᷽λͷǱˣھ¥֮ʱճ߸ˣĪϣƺ׽סһΡ
ʱǻһݵϷ룬շˣ󱻳Ūˡ
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λӦþڶķԼһǸˣʱԼһؼ֧㱻䴩࣬ӵһ˵òᡣ
ӣҲ˴ˣƣӦǰ˻ƴһ
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һתȵţϲ裿һǸһ
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ʱ޿ɵֵʧ֮ͻɢɽĻᶼУΪûĸ
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ο˳ΪñչթжͽԸһ죬档
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ѣһ֧ƫʦնɱܶɽ
˵ԽԽԽԽС
㵹üıҲãֻ۹Ͳ̫˹άˡ
ճų㣬Ŀдϧܰλ˶ʦƺ³Ҳôá
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ϲ˴ģǰ滹屦Ϳ˶һ̣ճѧҲһ档
ôģһ
ճ΢΢Цҹ߸ھƣ֣⵹ǲѣܵ·񣬵Ὺֿã±ǡһȻǴҾͶ;ĩ·Ǹʱ򣬳ʦͲˣҰɡ
ʱ䣬ҪãӦþͻʢת˥ųҲܿóʱԼҲ÷չˡ
Ϊʱ̫Լ±΢ѣλ˶ʦŮˣ̿Ǻһ֡
屦Ҳܣ˲Ű
ɫˣЩŭİճһ۵˵ֱ̫˰ɣҲ˼˼Ůҵ桭ܹܵģӦˡӮˣΣ
ճһ㶣ĵҴɽֲǽң⻰˵Ҿ̰ɫ֮ͽһˡ
ɫ΢΢һȣһܴҾһ֮
ãô˵ˡƣ˻Լ
ųƵճȴǰϲ֪һЩʷڵ㣬ȻܹڿƭһЩ˵ġ
ⲻһԱ󽫺ܿͻᵽ֣ǧ׵ãһ֮ϲ
ˮе˫ʱˮٶԽԽˣӦҲˡ
ҲǣѾ˰ʱжʮ
ĺӣʱˮҲǳŲס⣬СӺܿͻϰ
Ҳ̫Сˣһû뿪Ȼ˶ʮȻ˳ˮҲΪǡ
ճЦеվԸֻ


843 ηϣ
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һ£Լ˷ѾĻѣ˸թˮãûϵֻǶƣԼֵͶ
һεĴϲתʧ䡣
ɫҰܣһ֮ＤҴܣζӳ£ЩζߵҲĬȻ
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ϵĳǵϵ伮ֱָķҲƽ书ʮֲͬҪʦأ
պ«ưͼϰѡһʺԼԵͼͲѰ·
ĺôѧԾͿͿҲɻý
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Ҳǵչʱʱ飬ȫǱС
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ԺһתţֵȷûС
ԭĿˣܵʲôΣƾ֣ԽսԽ£ô
񣬱ԼƵ·ӣֱӴ־
ȻϵľȻûֱ۷ǣվеôġ

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Ҫ
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ƿ磬ףԼҲܶùȥСӵͷܻȥ𣿡
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͸ɲŮһʼʱСӺܲദþˣ˳ˮ۵ӣ˼άתԡ
ľ޴ʧոʧӰ
ǰӰһճ˻еСͷ­ըѵ龰δ֡
ǷŽ£ٺϵϢͻȻǣһһƺ
ϷɫϢϷ࣡΢졣
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ʱٿȴǷâ¶̶̵һʱ֮ڣüۼʴб仯ĵĶһ˿ȴһƮѡ
ȻѸ˶صķˣɷˡ
ʲôƷҴδ˭һ֮ñ˹ģǰֻܳƵϴѾһֵıˣˣҪﵽ˽Ҫʮϡ
ŴС죬Ҳϲ£һ˫ճøèһ㣬̲סʵ
Ҳ˾ȣһǳ񹦣˹Ϊµĵ䣬ֱָȴײšûָûжؼҲͼֹڴˣ亦ʲôʱԼҲ˵޾֮·ɺϵúܣĳöԵѧоҽҲʮó־Ҳ¡
ճſ˹ǽҲ⣬һưԼǵھ֮˲ǣųѭй켣תһȦѭͨ˼˹Ǹˡ
ȻĴ󱦵֮һԼƷʸҪ߳ѵõһһͬԼǻģԺǱ
ҰѹΪͨǰ·սǿӣ˹̾Ϊֹ
ճԼһ˵ĹԣԴ˹ǰ˹ȴ˿ԡ


844 η£
ճ˳ôһˣĹһһһˮһȻǷֿϰʵͬʡ
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֪ǣճѾĵļ¼Ժ֮
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ķ֣ԼԽԽǿϵϢҲԽԽǿ
ǡһֱڽѾ쵽һˡ
ǶѪˣͿƫƫһֱš
޵еŨŨļɵ֮顣
ٲȥ׽ˣìӰͻȻգֱ󣬳һ
ݣ
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ҲһС䣬ﵽ𽭻ĵز
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ǱȫԼϷš
ζõһ֮䣬ͰĿұѧȥõñԼá
γѣ³ìճŵʦոȥҾȻ㻹ߵģ
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ٺ˴ˮ㡢շʽʵܸǱڣǱϾûʦָ㣬϶Ұ·ӡ
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˹򣬲ҹ
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ˮˣԴ޵˹ȥ
ҵ䡭
پȵĽг


850 ·£
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ʵԽǿҲԽߡ
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СˣճҲˣ΢΢ЦϲŮҲʲô飬Ҳ̫ɻ䣬֮飬ÿƾͺáΪʦΪոͻƣ⻪ԣһûˡ
ճӴ书ЩһĴ󱦵ֲΣǳأֻҪһزǿҲ֮һ
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ȵͻ֮Ϣݣ¹ҫˣøദ˲ԾУûаֶС
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˼ˣŶƽȥĴҰȴǲЪţҪһЩȻýǡ

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СϢ˵λʯĸױģһοɸĹ£ȻһʧߣҲʯԨԴ
ճʲô壬ʲôû̫ȤΨһȤľʯеؼ˳Ҳһλƴҵӵǿʲôز
֪ҵġΣ

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ֻǷֿϰˮʦ֪ô£ֻǿ˼۾˳ܰ޵һ𣬲ͣת
֮ʱ׷βתݣɢȻŷϣ˵ǰ֮ʮ˵á
ⷽ˵ԼԴĹҲ˵ùȥ
Ϊճǵĵʱ˵ͷͷǵŷϣʲôףͨҲǴΪۣˡ
һЦŵҲֻתſðϷ溮ž޵ĴĮֵ֣һ¶Ϊԭ֮һңȴų֡ĳܼ֮Ӣ۸ǳϧδܵü˫
Ļ͸źС
ֳеƷˣԷóֻֽǿʲôز
һΣվԺһĿŵĸɫҲʮࡣ
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˴Ҳûбֳʲô⣬뿪ʱҲûѡ
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ֻпȻ
ʵλȺ褸̫ˣһиУҪȥ׷ʦڴ˵ţֻĿͶԷ뿪
ǸϺ꣬Ļһ㶼ͰϷ溮ʢмӣϧմѡ˫ֱȥˣʦᲢۣʵûзǡ
⻰ڳȴǰŷϣҲǴͷ
ԴǲûеǱͰϷ溮ôƽֵŷϣΣǲҲһ˵
ͨͬΪεĸ֣ǲͬʲôǣ
˱Ϸ溮ѿȫһЩ֮ģʱϸϸȫͷݡ
ÿ˶룬ԼڰϷ溮Ĵһץһֻء
ԽԽͷ亹
֣ܣӦñϷ溮Ҫ硭
˼ٻӳʮԶǣܿͱһˣòճС
һĻԺƴɱ˼ȫˣһƬгѻ̸ʱĸо
˴ӿʼʱ⣬һת۾ͳֿȵ㣬ʶʶĶ졣
ûϵ˭Ըǰ;õˣǶ﹫뷨ˣҲԸĿ֮±ֳֻУŰͼıƭСĸԸźá
Ƕɰճͽľ˵֪λ˫˷һ·ѹ߸ڡɡȶ෽Ӳˣͨ˵̬Ҳˡ
˵ķӦÿ˴ΪȣǴʱŷ֣λܺ˵ʦԭ˵˵ã뵽ͽΪʲôֻ᲻ῴһ˳ۣӶʦأ
ͷһΣ˵ﻼûʧ

ճ¶һ־ܣҲ֪ڱ˸ߴʱﷴһơ
ǵģơ
ʯ诼ճɱˣԼɱˣôҲ첻תߡ
ǰŸո뿪ճͲε׷ϡ
ǣﵽڣս˼մʹʱȴǷ֣Ȼ׷϶Է
ʯһ˵ֻǸոͻһȿҲûǿȥ̫ˡ
Ӱٶȼ죬ȫٷɱһ˿ӰӣּңӶࡣ
ҵ̲Ҳ洫һָļṦħȴִвˡĲ࣬ǹҲֲˡ
ճ̾Ϣͷȴˡ


859 ɽɽϣ
ճںƣȴ֪ʯǰǼΪȡ
ʯһֱֳܹȻλԭġ
䴫֮ÿγʱҲûҪ׷
Ϊ棬߻ɸ˵Ŀģܻ鷳
ҲҪŰߵԭ
˽ʱգֻ˵ˣһֱҲûŴţܹ佭꣬ʯ诵ƾ裬ʵ
ôαβ桢٣ټ׷ôҲ˦ģ־ʮ档
պļһҲ׷ϣֻûϵȻ˦ֻϧƽ̫٣ûľ磬ȻûӰˡ
ʼ֮ʱֻЩλ꣬ʵҲǲ޶Էһ޳ܵľ񹥻ȥ
оͬһ㣬һӦܡ
ţ˼뵽ԼʵҲûʲôָˡ
ͬҲһЩţǱĬȾĲǼõġ
ֵ׶ΣǸȾ
ôҲ뾫񷶳롭
õֶβ̫࣬ϴȥ˵϶
뵽ĲҲ͵ˣ˵档
ƹǰĴ֣ҪС̾˿ͣ
ˣҵոߵĲͬһ·ǿɱϣǹɽ֣ҰȤǵͬ
ʯüͷߺһ촽΢΢ţЩߵĿ˵
վһϸС֦棬ŷ紵ҶƮɣ˵Ȼ
֮һھͳ棬ȻŴʵûʲô˵ĵطҲΪɫβ١
Сë¿أôˣҸϵôۡ
ճͣһϲֻҪϽ̸ͺá
òﻹûŪʵһأҲÿ˵뷨һճΪĶﲻֵһᡣ
Ļǵֱӵ㡣
诹ûзգ˵ֵ·Ѿƫˣȥܿ޽ճЦ˵
ȻҪ̸֣Ǿͺúúƺƣ֮ϲ
ţ
ʯС΢ţȫûϵճ˵ֻ
ȹֺǲ΢ƲһЦҪһѧЩɱ˵֣Ųƫ𣿡
Ȼǣ
ճĿǳϿңȴ˵ƫֻ˵Ϊ˵е֪ǷӦһҪ󣬷ģΪģܵԸźá
Էɫһ䣬֪ˣճæһ䡣
ʯɫϸճۣԾңͻȻЦãҿ̽ķϣ˵˵ָƫӦһݵҪҲ¡
ֵճԾˡ
˵˰죬ʯ诸㫑˾ȻʶƵǣƺǹۡ
Ҳ֣㫑Щ굽ߣܻύһЩѡ
λͬɫŮյһȥ˵˵£̸̸ϵȻܺá
ԭˣһ˵ͣ˵ҲͻģйأⲢɵ󵨣̰
ճȻ˹ϵ͸˵ˣŵѧʼһһʽϤַȻ켫ﵽͨ˺ÿһʽУõ޿ƣԵʱþֻˣ޿ƥСĽԳΪ񽣡
ճϸϸŽӽƵľ
Щһһʱ˵żǿĸȾŷֻԭ͸ˡ
ʯȴƣúõĲ˵ô̸Ȼɱɱˣ䲻뱾С
뷴༥˵ԼûãȻһ
ԣ˵ǽʵָҵգʶף֮ʱѧټҼ˾꣬ѳָİء֮ʱ÷פʵԸѵ洫ȡͻƣҲĸȥ䣬޳εĵӴմȾģ˰ɣ
Ǹոֱ׷ʵ֮أ޵ˣѵܸһ
ϵԼֵĵ·ʯ̬ˣһǰɫ
ȻĸģһʵףֻɳΪʦ㲻ʦܿɡΪûǰ˵ľ飬û߳Լĵ·
ҲӣֵʱҪͻȻǷ֮һ·ߵˡɽ֮Թ񣬿˵ĵ·Լĵ·ȻƶʱܼµһأֽıʡɽɽˮˮҲǽȻҲˡ
ճ˵ʯö
ûʯˣԶԶģһþ֦ѾվһӰĮԶͻȻһҲ΢΢ͷ
Ҳˡ
Ӱּ֮£ƺֻǵӰ
֦ҶҡΣϵȴûһ˿ûڴ˷һ㣬ֻǻ

ʯԭأĬΣԽԽ
ȡ鴽࣬һʡ
ƬƮҶһɢɷĩ
һҶƮ裬⾳
һ£ٷˣǴĵģۿһĻûһ˸ͷص
ﲻе
ʯ读ϲһ㣬ճЩЦĺòѧһ˵ҸоһЩˡ
ժϵĴߣЦ绨



860 ɽɽ£

ճ֪ʯΪʲôҪˡ
ȡ֮ճ͸оּһ
·ɽ̲ݣʼѤˣһȥǰŮһǡôüɽˮӽСɣֲۣ񹤣ȥɽˮ
˵ÿģֻ࿴ۣҪ׽
һջˮճ̾һֱƽ޲ջ̰Է
ЩԳԭԼҲǸˣϲɫ
ʯ诵㫑ԲͬһʣͬһŮ
Ŷصȣ׼Ļ˼Ҳ᲻ôݻá
ճвһͶԼ޶ԣʯ诸ˡ
ɫԵı飬ϰǵĳ̬¶ʱһЩʸоͷһθоʮɡ
ժߵľٶЩͻأ
ճֻһתˣЩˣûƣֻΪԷѣĿʾˡ
֪˼ճҲûô˼룬ĥôҪ󣬾ʯ̽ͷʵ٣ɽɽˮˮľ磬ǲǾ߾ˣԺܽ𣿡
۾գѽգģеڴĽ˲ܾ̾
úÿ죬˴ֲ˵õأճűһŵ㣬ҲƽﰵгԲ
ƽƽʻһǵζȻȫ
ԽΪߣԽǺѵֵȻȻ
εıܹʯ诺ϢϢһʵǲǳ˵еˣ統ȻУҲæ˵һиҪûأ
ʯһ˿ЦоԼռϷ磬ˬҪɣǧҪ˵ʲôķ軰ȻС㣬һ̽״
˴ԼСȭͷв

ճ
ж񾭣Żڸʶþ㲻Ҫ󰡣һ˼άԳ֮
˵Լ˷ΪԼͻƽΪ˲£ռŮ
ţȻǰλʵʮֳɫˣҲԼԵɡ
ҵòģǰУ
ճƽϢһ߰˼˵Ҫѧһ书
书ʯЩȵʵ
ԣǲǺѣճЩ
ҪõħͲӡȻô򵥵顣
ϾĴ飬ɴаԴľ书ʵЩˡ
ǣֲ̬ѵӡ
㲻࣬ѱͬΣʯЩŹֵʵ
룡ճҡҡͷ
ֲܵԣҲǺϣ׻ְͼߡ
ò׺ƵǰСŮһҪôһЩû飬˷Ѱ
ҲҪһƵ⣿ʯ诸ˡ
ճٴҡͷһͷˮͻȻԴе㷽ȫԷʲô
ˣ㫑ĻҲһɡ
ǣٺóԵ书Ҫ
书ɣҲ˵ͨĻԼħܵ÷ɿ졣

ʯ诹ŹֵĿճһۣתܡ
һξûǰǰ֦ҴˣֻưƣּСԼһʱ䣬͵һڡ
һСɽȣڰɽһԨһ롣
ϱǺǲݵأݵԱһСС԰̺쿪飬һƬ
СԱ߻һЩϸˮ񣬡ࡱлţҲˡʯ诽ųӭֻļϣë׵СԴĲӡ
ʯЦ
СóһιֻˮȻͷճ֣Թ˽Сľݡ
Ȼľݣճȴޱȵľ£ˬྻ
ϾŮ˾סĵطľݣҲŪúܾ¡
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ط͸оһƽ񵭣Ψһõĵطǣδ̫ˡ
ΪһŮһֱڼ˵ĹȣҲѹ᲻̫ˡ
˵ҲֲֻȾ쳾ľסŻִȵԸɡ
û̫࣬ͼʯ说ݽһҵһЩһϾдĸ֡ӡ
ճһ
ʯ诿ǱȴЩӶָţҪȥһߣﻹ˵һҪȥѧаĲÿɽȥ֪ôֻص
ⱾԣģҲû̫ôˡһ飬һԡ
ճֿˣǡħʯ֮µĲ󿴼ұ֮һȴֻܲõĵ΢죬ȫ֪ҪõһؼɱѪƮơ
ˣ书̫ˣȥҲƽЩ书ؼģ
ճһ⣬о΢΢뵽һܡ
Ѳʯ֮²ɣԼŮ˵ĺʯһֱŲʵģ´̼þѷ



861 
ճӦԣоƬûɨ赽ʲôǱȽԼľӦ
ѪĸӦϰһͨķţȫûеԡ
ΪľȽǿʢߵķչƫҲǡŲʣǰ֪ȻûдﵽԤ֪δǰšֻҪΣգͻõʾ
ڴ˷磬ƾ书жоΣأ
ֻҪԼӷˡ
һ¡
ͻͷԼΪˡ
ʯ֮츳飬ӣǰʲôʸΪ˵ѡ
׻˵жʹж棬ԼôһŮɽȣܲ
ʯĹȣû˸鷳ԭҲͿԽˡ
ɽżţƺûʲô쳣оƬɨ裬֮ҲǵǷ켫ˡ
ճĬܣʯȫֻǽܵյĿұ죬˵ɿԻ̫Ưģҽѡѧˣ͵ðɽԸϯӦϲɱɱֻ˰æˡ
ʯ课˰Ҳ˵ȻȫȻǣճҡͷʧЦ𡰲ӡ͡ħ˵
ҾѧˣƯ书Լϰɡ
ôʯ诰һۣ˵ǱӡĲѧΣյģ
˵̾һȻ뵽ǰճĽۣڰֵˣҲĲΣգĲԸңԣǰ𣬶ԸϯӦ
Ҹû˵Ҳȥѧյøƴɡ
ճˣⱾյʹĺƯֲʹģ˵ǰԵɽҲԼĶ֣书ʲôϡġ
ǶѷħѧʵҲû̫Ȥһ˼·Ҫϰû̫Ҫ
гʹҲûһųӡṦѧħҲͲˡ
ڽԼǿ˫һںϰټҽͻΪ棬ںС
Լ˵Ѿﵽ˼ɽɽˮˮĵزֳж̺ֱʣòȥѧļɵĽ
ԣҪѧֻҪԼĶ̰УģȤ治
٣ǲҾҪˣѧ书Ҫ̽״˵۸ҡ
ճ
ʯ᲻Ҳɱʮ㡣
촽ϸߣˮӯӯƺίþҪ޳ҪӲĳܾһʱ˿ڡ
⡭ðɣˣ˳ָɵǰˡճΣֻôӦԼֻȨ֮ƣǱɫԡ
ôôǡλ֣ȺŪһ˵ﲻĵġ
ʯȻûô࣬ճ˵һ˳ȥЦһ仰ԼɣȥˣģԴ𳣬̽㶼˵ܺóԵġ
ճۼ⣬һóһСľư߲ӦЩͷ
ӦǱڴС߰ɣʯʱߣõȥΪ廳£Ṧȥ׽ҲûʲôѶȵġ
ʯ־ٶճѾû²ˣĶٷڴ
㫑ǸĳԻ˵óԣӦòǼٻ
ʯ诳ȥճ׼ץʱоЩؼ
Ĺʱûʱ俴ȵÿħͲӡ
ؼ͸оķɫվСľݡ
˼Ϳʯ诵ӰͷѰϵ𳣬ǻͷճչһЦ
һһıĺǻ֣λҲǼá
Ȥǣճߵʯ诵֮£ǹɴ˹ĺͻȻʧ
Ȼˣûв´ѾȷĻɱˣʯ֮ɣλӦǺƵһڷãԸԼıŮǰɱˡ
ʮֲˬκβңָоʵ
һ¶ԷķӦճ
ɿķһ»ħԺоƬȫݣһͼ׷ʺԼţһ鶯ٱӰתʽ
Ҫһ֣Ϲ߱仯أӰߣͬʱԲӾ󵼶ʵ辶ĳһ˵ԳƵˡ
оһᣬճãΪ̾
ҫµ彥鵭֡
ּ紵鵭ӰС߼տʼʱֻһԾףж֮ʱ죬ģͱϢҲԽԽ죬һ֮ܿС
ʯֻ𳣬˵ЦЦͷһ۾ͻȻɴ
ԭվСľԵӰȻ
Ī뿪ˣɻ󣬻һȦͼСԶӰע⻹
ôܣõؼŶãѾˡȪӳ¡ľˣħôôȣһǺܿҵˮƽ
ʯֹ
ʲô磿һĶߴ
ʯһԶͷȥͼճվЦĿ
㡭㡱ľˡ
ӰڻɢԼ߻һⲻǡ


862 £
ôӦ𣿡
ʯһԶӵķȫƻˣճЩЦӦʶԷˡ
ҲܵʯʵǸոɼӰӣ͸оΣдʢ֪صĳôһʵ̲סҪ֡
ͷһת˹
ħؾûÿһײĿֻ˵ڻתǴɡ
仰˵ճڶ̶һʱڣѰɣʹһ侲Ҳ̲סЩ⡣
ֱǸһ㣬ںжߣжിҪĹؼʵǾ֮
ճײɱֹôϹϵȻص㣬ȴò
ֻҪŪеʵûаѶȡ
ʯ诺е̾һį˵Ҳѹúܿ죬ҾӦõģṦ֣˵ԸγɻǸʹŸı仯Ƕ塭
˵ʯԽԽͣƺᣬתȥ˷ȰЩϪˮﴦһ°ɣȻ᳢ҵա
˵ͰѼֻճ΢Ʋ͵ЦȥСľݡ
ҿǿιճĿɿڴ
Ҵģʯ课ûˣʹʮ˳֡
˵ǲ⣬ҪɵģߵľСϪ߸ȥëȡȥ࣬׼Ժ˼šӡ
һŹȴǱȻħѶȸ߶ˡ
п壬˷ѧڴ˰ڱ˰м䡹ĸ˼롣
ＫطԭͨĿתԴԴܹ֮תл
ӡС֪СУڡļת辢
ճϸϸе˼룬Ϲ̫ȭеҲܿˡ
С֪жû̫Ѷȣתȡʱȴû̫ͷ
˵˹ԼתΪٹȥֻҪתù˹ԽͣܵķԽΪԼʱ򣬲ܰоͬʱ˱Ĺмܵˣ
ɹǣŹ¶ΧֻҪԷĹûгתļޣͿֹת
˵̫˼·ѭػӡѭܲͬͬ÷ʽȴǸһ
ǰʱ䣬ճɣȴǿԡ
ڿһһӡҪھˣ;߱תĸ
һ֮󣬾ʹѭתҪҪԼժڴˣڱˣм䣬Լڲ֮ء
ŹажħǱŸӡ˵ʵҲǱĹöһ㣬Ǹˡ
ϸϸо֮ճ̾ѡ
ھйʣѭĹ켣ϵϢˡ
תݣоȫԲȵһš
һͨͨǿϢ
źǣħͬӡŹȴģǴġ
ʱûиתתҲ֪Լʲôز
ճĿƵĿæµʯ诣̾Ϣ
һһƵӡվûгɹ˼̫վ·
ԴȺի˵ǾԵģɶʯ֮ʯ诣ȴһĪ˺
ʵԼҲΪʹ尾֮У޿
ɺͼͥƽʹ볤ɵá
ʯ诵֮УǲĻһԶ֮УȻá
ҹ˾ʱҲȻ˰ɡ

ԶɽϣӰһ⣬ͷ黨׳ȥʱ¶׹⣬ʱ塣
ʲô飬ʼղܾϡ
˻վĵĿľݣľӳ¶Ρ
һɳƲϵɤ𣺡ʦ֣˶˵ǡʩа˴֮һΪ첻µز£ҿŻǸһ£С˳Ӧˡɡ
˵һżͷʮʱЦЩڽ
̾㲻ȴ㶯ְСﱾ²УҪӡ򵥵úܣܿʥڵġħ󷨡ϾҲڣֻҪһ֣ͻջ񡣡
ǽ׳תͷһһ˿⣬ɱʵʡ
̾ȻתͷҶ࿴
书ҪһЩʦʦһԣΪʦֵ볪ûϵҪ֣ȴǲҡ
ʩţɲǽģ˼ʦֵ壿
ˣ˸£ҲûӦæ£ȥ˶ܣΪҫһնðǻô£
ԱߣϹֻ˶𻷵긾Ťվ˵ѪĻȴûʲô飬һûŲȻҲֻ˵˵ѡ


863 ڴ˼䣨ϣ
ٵȵȣҲӣû˲֤Ͳڴ˴ֲǲ֪˵Ļħˡļֻءĵز֣վǰҲһֵܷˡ
뱻һңĿĮֻһЩԾԾԣȻ˵ôġ
ҿҲõ̫áһθһСйħҿǱȻµûӦӡ
ֻҪȻܹͱʾ˲ڣûΣգǾͿԶˣʦܣô
תͷµһģˡ
еĶأƽ˼άܣʱһԲ
ֻ֣С˻ôξ󷽵óؼˣܲ򵥣
ôˣһëͷСӣҲû̾Ц
ǽ棬˵ͷʦֹ۲ϸ£Ҳ˲ˣĻħѾɣȻ˲һЩȴҲ
˶ͬܰһŸ书ڶ̶ʱ֮޳ɣû˲֪Ѷȣ츳
Ṧ书㡣
һ㣬˶ǲôϣһϺӦˣοΪа˴֮һպɱġ
һ˼ƽôʵ׵İ취ǵ뿪ʱ򣬴֡ÿˣҲû˷ա
ͻȻЦ
ã˶һ
Ҫֱӵаʯ֮ȴá
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һڷӦ֮ʱǱճ׷ɱʮң滹㱻߲͵Ϯ֣շɱ
˫棬ΪиҲûʲôĵҲճ˵⣬ȴϲ
˭ϲһ˵ͻӽնɱԼĶ֣һʵǿÿ£뱨ȥĻᶼûС
纴СҪԼĲĵĲʲôʱһ̲סܹȥͷ
ʯ֮ͻȻ֣ճѪ籩еСһᣬܲģ
ŵܵҪɳʱ䰡ϧˣһ㣬úʮܾ꣬ܿаҲǶ֡ǻһЩ򣬶˵Ǽ¡
÷ҲϲЦտ
ʱ˫ֱеһ̣βʱǡ
У⼸λȻݹߣãʵȴûʸϰħĽɫ
ÿѡһλʥŮ֣Ҳǲѵ¡
λһ˼̳˵λãǴ֮ʲô湦Уž޴Ȩơ
ȼλʥŮȡʤλǰϣõĽҲֻǱŵë֮ȥط̳սҵĵطȥΪɵԶͼıͷ­Ѫ
һ˵õȮ죬⻰˵˵ѡ
Ϊϵĸǰλһپ٣һζҪȡʤ
ɷħţŹ˵Ҳϣ˵ҲɣʥŮ֮ʱеֶκĿ꣬ûʲôҪȫƾԸ
˭ĳɾ͹ߣ˭书ǿͲð١
˭ʤ˭ܣΪףҲһжԾϡ
ʵϣɵδǿĳһ˳ģȻȨɴ棬ȴֹֻܱƽȥ˺ö
һλʥŮ֮Уѡķʽ磬ѧĹħΪĹõȴǡŮ󷨡
ֻ书־֪Ůʲôˡ
ƾһ˫˵ߺԹ֮·
һ·зȨǲһͰ׸ɡ
ʯֶ֮ߣΪ㱳ԼӶг֣ܴɣѡ
ҲǱŪɾ񲡣峯İڽɽ
ûгɹ·ȴȷġ
ֻҪܹ֣մƣʵǿָһϸ֦ˣһ졣
ҲɵĴͳĿˣÿһһλʥŮ·СջҲһЩ֧֣Ҳ֡
ٵ֣ɫܿܿ۾޴
ֻԽԽ죬һӦʮ·ͷ£һزӶҪΪϱƴӣ֮ãסȻλ
·㷼ǰ棬ҲûгɹĿܡ
纸˲һѡһɱ·ǼѣɹҲǻԻ͡
ֻһҪǾҪоԵѹһС
ѡСִ֣ˣһӵأչ׳󡭡
ܲ˵ҵһԴֻҪѡ׼ˣѡ˵̣ͻѩһķչ׳
ʵϣᣬҲ
źǣѡеĵ֮ڣϢһһѹһͷķչͣ͡
ʲô£ž޴ģ˭֪ʲôʱ˻һ벻ɱ
ӵǣ֪Էɱƫƫǻ벻ʲô취Ӧ
÷纵׳־һĥȫް취
ճһ˿ʲô⣬ɵȴˡ
ֻתתڽ֮Ѹٲ֣ͽӣ֪ػ־£ôչҲƲ
ҺԼҪײаУǲͲҵ鷳Ҳֲ˭Ҫ֪аʯܹ֮һ˶Կżʮ꣬һ˾Ͱܻ峯£Ҳʮ־裬ײҵ
ųսƣ÷޵ͷ裬ѵõӿƬƬ죬˷ܼˡ
ףƽϰߴͬ³յļһ϶滨üͷ
ҲЦÿģֱꡢ߹ĶĴֹܳʰо֡
뽭ıŷ
ţɫͲ̫ÿˡ
ΪбΪ˫˴ôãǰʷ绹Уֻƾӡһֱ֧š
Ľͣǻ˫Ѳ벫ȡһ˫ȭȥظ죿
ͻƣǽаѹΪ¯Ϊʯһ𣬺ôҲˡ
˵ţɫȴҰ׵ûаѪɫž޴ǡ


869 ˫ϣ
Ԩı˫ȱҲŲס𣿡
ͨڸȫͣŲԶ˽֮Ƶײ﷢૵߶ǡ
˿ܱͣ˶սսȫҪŶߣɰ̾Ϣ
аʯ֮Ȼڶƽִˣÿλħ֮󶼻ɱɱרɱˡ
˫֮󣬾ֵˣϸ磬Żһʱ䣬ǲɢˣʰϸӰɡ
䳤ϢۻΧλܲסƣĬĬ˿ȥ
ˣҿٹʮ˫ͻ׶༪١
ŷϣֳֳƣûǰԸϷ溮ĺݺᡣ
ͻȻĿɨԲԶĿˣȴʷϢ۾һգգ
ûа㵣ģΣĿ˵ʦѵбʣ
ŷϣĿһЩתͷС
ֻʯ֮ԽԽʢϺɫϢֱ߸ߣȼɫ棬ħ
һһȭճǰȥ
ۿȥͬӰƬƬ٣ȭŤ߿衣
ͨˣʱҲܿóʯ֮Ĺͬһ㣬ѹһеơ
ֻͨڤڤ֮иӦһеΣգ˴޿ɵֵȴ֪һǿҪôȥС
ѳǵ֪
ճȴǿһǰǸ˹ŵʯ֮λа죬ɱӯҰʯ֮вҪСһЩ
оϻ˵úãûдȥȭͷ
ʯ֮ȫͷԷȵʱ򣬾ճõĹʱ̡
Ȼ㹦ǿһﵽʦǣԪĵزʯ֮ƽ⣬һ£Ҳκε˶Է
ȭδȭ
ǹŤϮУճ˼ǿǣŽһʬɽѪڡܵˡһѪУǰһ׶ħͷЦ޼ɵĴӳ
һƷεŭͷӿͷ˵һÿհףҪһеǰƴ
ʲôı㣬ʲôУȫһɶ
ȻǾͷһˡ
ճѩһֱѹסû¶ӴŰһȻϢ
˵Ǳü߲ʹâȻ֣һԴɢһȦȦ߲âůֱ
ôһ̣续зӵ棬͸ޱׯϻ
ɫϢ߲һ壬̰ͬ٣ʯ֮ɫһ㵣뷴ӦͼһֱصһͻС
ϣ
ֻһյףķ졣
һųâճ֮޿ɵֵһ־Ϊ֮ᡣ
˫
ճһȣò׵ȵʯ֮ȫ޹˼ɵĳУﻹ̵ס
һأץסṥһºݵģͺˡ
ڿնҡͷβʯ֮ɭɭȭͷն䡣
һâ³ɳ⣬ܿſյص˵ͬʱ裬һЩ˸վסţҵľˡҲ졣
һ̣ճĽ֮أһڶһע˽֮еɢ޳
ĽѾһˣʼǣԪ
ͨĿ⾪죬̾ѣ紵ĺ뷢˿ݣȫ⣬ֻĵơ
ɫøز԰ףȻصϣһֱɱﵣ֪ûô򵥡
˷ܵòûһֱһ֮ţǶԼҲǶϵʦ
һ·ճ˲ĥӰӣԨһɲβơ
ʱȻ룬λʦѹŴֻǽһ£ǰƵǱһж˵ѡ
⡰žצ
ִ٣ʯ֮շֲԣͱһնȭ棬𲻵á
ֻȭͷֱ۱һɼն˰࣬ؿڸǺ׵ѿһȺӣܼɭɭ׹ǡ
ʯ֮˻һ׹һӰɢķ
ĵӰһӰ㲻ʵ
һȴǰһˣߵֱߣʲôػƻĻ
۾˶ܿףӣǹ
ճȫйܼķʯ֮Ϻһû»ָӺ̬֮ϱѪȴѿ䶯ÿһѪⶼƺ̽ϸ΢֣ڷɿֹѪֺϡ
һɼճնĽһһ
תӡСǿ
龰ճһҲ룬һ嶸ȻøߴһЩ͡
Ϊʯֹ֮ڴˣһ͸ɵˡ
ò׵õᣬܲϧճսǶġ
ĿƽӴѪȫ֮󣬲԰׵ɫ࣬ǰһ滹δȥƸոջ䣬˵Ƹʢ
һ
ﻮһӰʮɾһҧʯ֮˵Ρ
˫α
δǰδɱɭȻ


870 ˫£
ճһֻ̳оͬѣһ;ƿݵĸоͷơ
ɫҰܣѩʯ֮ӰһΪģҲǸһΪġ
˾̾ǣĵӰ֮ŵĵӰͬݣʵѱ硣
СӣعȻҲĵħǺǣɱҵġ
һʯֵ֮ûˣֻ黯־£һƬȺѪһӰͷҲûС
ͨҴһƳ֮䣬Ϳʯ֮ǰ󱳱һնǱһ˸Դܿ档
ɾˣ磬ħ
ݡ
˵һ
̾ճĽ̾аųƲ
˵֮أɫƺֻǼҳ㷹Ҫ˺ܳʱ䣬ͻ»ָʱ˭ʤ˭Ҳδ֪
ճһݣλʱȻĮɣûа˿ݡ
־ʵ˲òΪ֮սĺ
ճĬĬʯ֮ԶȥӰгбָ棬һѪ˳Ž䣬ϡ
ડ
תͷɨͨڣΧȫһЩ־߸ǲĺһһѹϡ
ճ̧ͷٶԶһ¥㣬
ովʱƺһɵ
Σвߣ࡭
˭ҵǺܺ棬ϧǣβ˫ȴǲսˣϢһС
һΣճó˳ԽĹһգѪϪˮʱ޿̲׳ָǱٿݽߡ
ת֮£Ԫһ˿һƵ͸һظ
ոʯ֮ħ־棬Ҳ
оԼһıȴսҹҪۡ
߰һӪ䣬ָ
һν棬עһͬʱˣ˺̫󡣡
ճĬĬ
ʯ֮˴ܳһʱ䶼ûʲôвֻܶĬĬָ
ճ磬ʵҲ˵һǧ˰˰٣һ˵ǿġ
Ҳ׷ԭڡ
ȻĻʯ֮ƣûʲô֮õ׷ʱ
ճ磬в׷ɱĵ
ȥѵڴ˷緢ܲ׷
оƬɨݣ˹㳡ʯ֮ѹŴһʱ䣬ʵŪ˻ħļתİأһ̵ֱ˹ؼʱ̣ŷһ
һ䲻ڶ׷ɱ
˶ƶӵӡΪһĴʥɮΣҲˡ
ճ¶һ˿ŹЦ⣺ҲǿСǿֻҪԼŪ;ƿݵĵزʱΧҲƾӵ𽥻ָǿҲǲ塣
˵ճʱԲ˽֣ŰЩ輱
ָﵽ۷
ʯ֮һսоջ̫࣬ȵðϸϸ˼عˣѧѧĲӡħΪһ壬´ʯ֮ʱͻࡣ
һһƭʯ֮ϵУֻԴԼãΪаʯ̫֮
ʵϣֱ󷴹һ̣ʯ֮ûвԼĶֻ֣Ϊһλ໨һͿնɱһ֮㡣
﷭˴ٲ
ңճûкһ㣬Ǿʯ֮ԶԶ㲻۷ʱ̣һˡ
˸ҹʱʱĳħɡ
ѵʱ̣Ųߵߣ˫ȫѵС
ɵħͷٿأ۾ѪɱԵʱ򣬾һ嶯ֱײç
ĲȶĲȱᵼ½Ҳײ߽ԭ
ʯ֮ԼҲ׵ģƾ״ֻ̬ҪħŷټٴΧɱ治һӵóȥ
ԣЩһֱڳնߣ˭Ҳֲ
˷ѧԽǵ˸ԽǽľԲʯ֮©ͻȱһ±ʮǰûнЩ˲
ֻǱצܣҲû취еİ취
ճһ㡣
ѾĻаȴûʲôԵһּȵӿ顣
ʱɽ棬ֻΣĴʥɮϮָεֵ
ɽԲ˵϶ǴУԿûȱʯ֮ı磬вȴСȥ
ˣӦ
ҪΪЩ׵ֻܽأҪ·ʯ֮Щνġˡֱ֣ĨɱȦǳõֶΡ
ҲճûȺիǸе񾭣õĽļƻһͻ˵С
ʱĴ
ûǿᵽɨƽһеʵǰճﲢû㹻İȫС
Ҳֻܳٳٲ
һ֣̣
Զ¥ǳţٻ˸ͷҲصĳǶȥ
ɴӳµĿ⣬ԣȼջ档
÷֪Ǽоǿ
Ҫ͸纴Сɥʧġ
ΨһģҲռȻϣԴϯȡ˫֮ǰ£㹻һ߳ɹĿܡ
ǣжʽ̫ˣϣ˳˳ˮɡ
÷һԲҲȥȰҲ벻õİ취ֻһһ
ƣõãԶȥ



871 ֮ϣ
ʦ磬ʲôܲܽǣ
֮Աÿһʱ䣬ǵľ֮ͻ࣬ʱһЩ֮顣
ֻҪѧûʲôɣǣ꣬ƺǵûýġ
ǵһѧøһЩɫһ࣬ھᡣ
ǿ˿Լ˫֣Ҳ̾ȭƷһϲ
ճЦ˲Ϊǣ˼ڲͬŶصţԼжϣܻóɹ
һ֮ǿڹģǼճ˫ľͷĽ֮ʱҲԼĳġ
뷨Ϊѵá
˾Ϊţ־ᣬܼԼѡĵ·һ޳ɡ
ȭȷǵǹʺԼĲõġ
һڸģ۷塣
Ϊǣʲôȷѡ
Ҫʹĥɣ׵ĵǾԷˮһȻȻ
ɷˡ
ͨȭǵֻһֶΣǱʣмԭҲûʲô𡣡
ճĵĻشţԪһһαøԲӴ
֪ǰһսԼĻۺ˼֣֮Ӷʢʱ˵ĵںܣĪ˵
лʦ̵
ٶ۾⣬Ц
ˣҲܿСͷʱ̬ȸһЩһЩˡ
λСֵܵʦɷš
ͨһӭȫЦݣϲߵǰȫճ븮һ
˵ճСһʱ֮ڣѾʮˡ
ܴаʯ֮նɱĽ֮ߣ̾Ϊֹҵȴ۽磬Ӻª̻ղǡ
ͨ˵
ôˣҲӣճ뷨Ȼڳģ
±ڣ粻ᡣ
̸һ´ƣ̾裬̲סʵ֪ô͸аƴɱˣ֪ѾûɢϺĴ߷ãҲץӰ١
ɻҲǹġ
ʯ֮¼ײ㽭ʿ̫Щ޲Ϣͨеλޣô֪ܲ
ͨ̾Ϣǵħ֮»Ҫ֡
ճϸϸƷ裬ҲЦҲûʲôֵģĳ˵аġӡ͡ħԳȥһۣûϵλȻСġ
䡰
ͨŷϣȫȻò׼һЦݣоͷϼǧֻѻУҡ
˭ħ˼ҵ书ȥһۣ⻰˵쾭壬ֱ˷ָ
һ˲̾ҲԸаħ뢣ȷʵýʲôֶΣѧĿұ죬ѲΪ壬ϲɺذ
Ȼ˵ŲΪ壬ʵǺܿ־ģʵʯ̫֮ʢ
ճЦֵǵȻӡת仯ʵĪ⡭ԽǿԽܷӴŹЧã֮ʿϰã绢˫Ҳˡ
ݺݵָһ˲豭ô֪ˡ巨ֻ˵˵
ЦЩӲǿЦ˵ЦˣĳᰮĥǣѪ΢ʢһ㣬Ƶɣ
ճɫ糣ƺֻһ˵ֵַ´ң֪кδ㣬ʵǡ
˿ˣĳҰףһʸ־ȴôϣʱ̵һͽܡ´Ӣ۲ġ
ճĻѲͷλϺ궷ļơ
ûĻϵ֮ɡˡŵһޡ
˻ᱻڹΪңԲﵽĴˣܿס
λͳ䲻ϰһƺģԣƷʼߡ
⵹Ҳˣ˹巨ʱǻɣɽ¶˵˲£һܷӳǿս
ȻճɾͲֵһᣬڱ˵оͺϡˡ
ɽ¶ɽһǣ𾪰ںηֱֲּ֪˾㤣֮µİӣǳ֮ͥУҲмǿ
ʱǸһӦѾͽĺ֣˺һзչء
ճ̸ֻ۷¡ʫ£ڡ
ǰǣճȴûʲôжԼķֻ֣ǵ֪
ȶֻΪãѣʱҪʱ
仹мô
ƴ󣬺ܿͻṥָ֣
Ļͽĵˡ
̳һؼëϴơ
ճĻᡣ

˶ƽǰвԶӪ̡
һӶӳڳٴ麣һ֧׳ľӣķҷ
óīҴдһԼɣԸŻ̫ԭʽ˫ʵѴＫ߲Σ˵ΪǰӰƥУӳ飬˼Գ֡
ǣˡһͻȻһӰºڿ㣬ͷ֮źڽ
ֻǴǻ𱬰͹壬ܿǸŮˣλŮӡ
ӹ뻳У΢΢һӰζʧ١


872 ֮£
ͨΪ壬ҲʳŲ֮ˣͨ
һ˲ɫʵȨи֡
ճľСɽŷϣӸ֣ȳͥʵɴԱȺիıģʯ֮Ҳż塣
ճ˾NPCֻ£аƶ
Ϊճչֳ书ͼֵȻҲ飬ȫûаڳǰļӡ
ճƼӦоУ澽ȡãǿˣҲùܣַŪͷ
оĲ
룬ʱй˴һͲ뿪ˡ
ȵճ̵ʱǻһͷͳͨᡣ
ʵʲôû
ճù֮󣬾ͣҪ˷̣Ҳȥ˵λƵأǲһԸ
ֻǾ
ʯ֮սһõĺôžȲεĸֶսľ顣
ʱʯ֮һŹġ˫һЩ£ȴǼȫѪƴǾԷǣķԪ
ۼΣʵճĴֲ÷Ҫࡣ
ʱ
ճġ˫һѪӴΪһͻȻǴˣʱ֮ȴֻܱΡ
㱻壬ٲشʯ֮ǾָֻܶȫƵϹעһ
һġ
ҺӮˡ
⻹ﵽǿƳԭʡ
Ϊһ㣬ù֮󣬻Ͼֻ̱ڵأ׸ʯ֮Ҳܻӣ˵Ҳǰ˵
ô˵ճĹʵô
϶ֲ֣ΣҲֻܶʱ֮ڲ·硣
ȵԼƴֻ꣬ƴֱܣֻ̫
ʯ֮óȫֱðĹճȻ֪ʲôţ뵽ħŸؼҲܲµӦǡħߡĺĹħ󷨡
Ȼʯ֮ûɡ
ûɣȴǸ
ԼƷ·ߵǰȥ·ѧϰһԾԪ·ӡ
ҲһڻƽĽ֮·ɾ͡
ϸϸĻζս֮ʱ龰ԼԼģתݣԽԽ׳һ㱡ɴ
Ӧǲʲô֧֣ʽ
ճڹۣԺһŽâһ⡣
峿ȻûףѾһսջȫҲ֪˽Ҫô
Ҵҽˣ·
ʯ֮˺֮ɽǻ񣬲֪ʱᷢδиķ꣬һеһУܶ顣
뾡쵽֣Ҫǰ˸ݽĸۣ˵ǡܸ١
Щǵ·壬һ֥鶪ϣֻѧ÷ʣôҲϿ

˴˼ͣͣڵݵؽ硣
ļҵĵ̡
Կĳʱʱдѹʮᡣ
ǻ£ļҼٽʥּ֮켺ͬʱҲڲҵ䣬ԡ⻹δġ
ٿһ·ϰʧһҾ󣬷߷߲ƽĵֳ͢ѾûдڵıҪ˵˷á
ΣЩһֻ췴ûһܰգ͢ۿžͿ첻ˣȴҡ
ĵĿһճСһЩֵ췴ʵ£Ҳʲô˶õģ¹֣Ҳ˳¡
ճЦҲȥƣ֪иж
һ·ǴС򣬲¥֮жһѪڵϢ
֮ʱԭʦɢˡ³ɽϱڴȺիʦ׼ȡι֮ߣ
˭ķۣͻѺϱ˫ַϣ·޲֧֡
ֱԼ̫ϻʣз֮£ȥһ棬ѡΪ̸ʵЦ˵
ûش־ڴˣȥһʦӣɹϣĲСûСһһ쳤˧ˡ
ԣʱȥܷɹҲ˵׼¡
˫۷Ź⣬һ¾Ȥ
ˣǺϱ类˼ڶûڶҲһУƽͷյģ˭㣿
ճúЦСӾͰΡʲôΣҲɵȥԼȴ֡
ˣôҲڱ
ú赳ΪƣֻǿһճҪõȴǿ鱦Ķعá
ݹ˫һ켣ǵĳɾʵԴһײ˳ڶǱ赵塣
˹ԺΪý飬ΰϴ跥ϱ壬̰²㣬Ӵܡ
ǵõаԪעϴ
ڲаԪӴĻۣ·ֲʱ䲻ȱ㡣
Щ˾¾㱸ֻǷ硣
ֻҪĴѰҸֶ򼸳ΪʵһԾܳΪ¾
ôСӵĳɳ켣ǲǸЦһ㡣
˭Ҫ˵ǲү׶ӣճš


873 ִ֮Уϣ
ճϰýǼãʲô°빦
ߴߣˮʹĵû˻Լ̫á
ԼʣԶԶȲϱʯʡ
һǺɾͣһӣȻ⣬ųѵ̡
¡
һˣ˵ĻԵе㲻ص
ճͲˣıҲΪıΪ£̻ˡ
ĿһֱȷǾǾһֶΣֱָϿ
ΪĿģһй̶Сڡ
ûǣԼŴеǰԼɳɽȡȻҵһƣִĻ磬ҲᱻɽС
ʱճҲֻܷѣһУ㵽һ˭ҲҲСУӲдȹ
龰ֻҪһͻͷƤ顣
ԲΣԵֱ쾭壬Ͼǰͷ׷ǹʣأαҪ۰Ͱ͵ǵͽܡ
ֻҪԼʦıݣͿԹİ˫С
ܵ˵ճǺ᲻ֶΣಹԿٺδǺ¡
ֻᣬ̵ܽɥʧ˻ԵȻ·һ
˵ͻֱ
ճĴڣһˡ
ûк赸ϴճλʦһշš
˹ͬͬԴתںΪһҲͲ⣬£κһֶ
а£ճʾСҪһһӡԼĹԼģſʸ߷壬ŲͶ
ʮŴﵽ¾ǻ
ĥ²ȡóɾͣҲкôǡ
㿴λʦģͽܹ˰ɣǰ档
ں赺аֻͽܱø⣬ʦľӦöǰ棬нˡ
ﰵתŲΪ֪ͷճ΢΢һƲȵֺ࣬һҲܷɣš׹ʵĹǱŲ֮أҪиˡ
ǣʦһǰƤЦ飬ǰܣ̬ޱ档
ʵѾһˡ
ǵģǼΪϧᡣ
׹ճϹ巨š㾭׽ľһ𣬴ļ巨żصá
ʱ㫑֮ս͸ǰˣֱһ۷ˮƽ
Сֻʮ첻Ͳкô
Ǿöƿ˼ߣǹǷò˼Ľ
˵ʱٸ޵ƴҶܴ
Ҳû˵ʲôԡ
ΪԼҲã̶ʮʱȥǵսʽǰ˺ֻܴͬõӦݡ
ֻҪõõóҲϵǿ
ⲻҪ׽С׹巨ţҪڱʦһſŲҩӡ
ֻǳһţޱʢ١
ǣһ첻ԷҲö
ճȻСҲȥӼල
ֻǰѾɽˮȻ֮Уڵת
νġ֮Ҫһۡ֡
ĬУ˵ĺôԶ׼ġ
ȥʮ죬ԼľһԾӨ͸ǰŵԪżõ
ܸоõƬبŲĲ벩
һںţ
ص־
췢ɱתƣطɱ½˷ɱظ췭
Ĵɱ̣Ӣ۲֮֡
˾ٷ⣬
ľڴƺһĥţǿֻΪʱ䡭
ҪȡСӵˣȻʲô
ֻɣܳá
û̫ûʩӶ壬ģⷴɡ
ǣ֮£Ӵ˱˱Ҳ˵
ԣҪôøôνûһһĪǡ
Ҫ̵С巨ţ·;֮УιУԺĸҸ湦ؼڣ͡
Ȼ̵ʵûʲôãõǡԡϡ
ճǧλˣøַԳ̵ֹʱ䣬˻ĥ¡
һսϱɱ֮ʱܶԸʮ±ӣǾ顣
ûճĽ̵ĴҪʱܴﵽս
ֻҪʮﲻףճҲᾡĽ⡣
ǻԵҲ컯

ȵ˹˱أؽֱ£ٴǰʱ򣬿Ѿʳ
Ȼɫ仹һЩһϰ˶
ճһоŷȣٶûȥ
λʮ겻꣬ƾƾܸλͥȻܴԷҲȫ޻֮ȫ˵İջеġ
ճʵꡣ
ԭƫţ˼һżӹʱѾǲʶ˼̻޵֮ʿ쳾ľꡣ
̬ı仯Ľʵı仯ճӹؼʱܳʦ
ǴȥȫƾԼ⣬ܴʲô·ȥĴ鷳Ҳþ£ȻΪʦ
ճ˻еؼȥ



874 ִ֮У£
˹˸񣬳Ĭһᡣ
ʮദᡣ
ʦһһϢû㣬⡭
˶һۣӹ߲֮ɫȿڵ
˵꣬ճЦ
ǲǾΪʦҲڴ⣿ͼôԴǣ
˾ȵˣճŵ˵ǿ˵ǰԶʲΪͽܣԺȻõǵĵط⣬ֻ˵һص㣬Ǹò֪
Ի飬ճصҲ֪ڳԾţ֪вװǧʿı׹֪⡢ٿ֣֮ʮߵصҪ
١Ŀɿڴ
ǱΪͽճλʦһֱףΪԼʲôͼıʱ⣬ҲȷĸжûϵȫȻԼģ
֮֮⣬ʦﲻֵһᣬ֪ıǻҪϸΪʲô
Щڣ۾ʪ󣬽еʦ
һ̣ճĵλȻ׷˸£λȫȫǺõŮӡ
Ͷ˳ƺճСӻ᲻ĿڽС
뵽һ񺮡
˾㲻ãͿޱӣжﻩģŪҲʲôߡִ࿴ɶϷ롣
˻ϲԾɵӰҲ̾һ
ʱ¶˵ȷĸԸŪˣǵ˼һɲġ
νһʱһʱʱӢۡ
֪ǲУԸ˼ϴɫջ󣬵⽣Ӱ֮󣬻ִܱܲ˿̵ĳ֮ģ
˵Ըճȴûʲôġ
һ뽭´ߣߵĲ£顣
󺣣Ӵ˲Уǵֺˣˡ
ͬʱҲӭս
䡢ɫȵȡ
Ĵ֮Уֹмܲ䱾ġ
ȻճҲһֱߣ˻ᡣ
Ҳܲס
Ϊǣ˱ŶǵǿоһŪþͻɡ
ǲɣҲС
ƣݺĺʲô˫
ֻСǾΥճˡ
ǿ˳ɲȻҲû˶ˣΪʦҲմʲôˡ
ܵ˵Ϊʦͽʵʵѡ
ͬˣǿǿͬݾ̹
һ㣬˲ճȴġ
ͽһ𣬾ע
ȻΪʲôľĽ̵ѵˡ
ۣƾʲô־ȡˣ
ƾʲô£
ǾԵеΣջƣһŪãͻ췢ɱʮ
ԶӰճĮԶֻ˸ɽͷϯضϸϸж
˵õȻǹעǰע⣬ĵá
ͬΪִ֪ʿõע߷·ͼ
ճȴ֮ȲͼҲע⣬ֻרעǧİٸ׹֡
䣡
ʶ֮ڣоƬâ˸һŹֵ֣Դֳ˱ĿһƬƬ塣
ЩճĴ޵伮ִ磬Լػۣһ棬ƲϴңǾͨ
ȫλľͨ
䣬ƪɬޱȵļ׹ĺܿ췢ı仯
һ㺭岻ͣ仯ϣͺƽʯĥų˱貵Ĺ⻪
ν֮ţνظ棬֮ڡ֮УһѨʱȻ֮Իһϣֺ֮Ի֮š
¡¡
׺䶥ճＫΪ𾪡
ԭأҫ⣬һ˷ܼҲƲס쳤Хһ
ܲľۣɳ衣
ԭˣԭˣν洫һ仰ٴ顿Ľ֮ŵĿԭǿϡ
ճȻհ˼ѵһӶȫ˺͡
ִһЩҹż֮УʵҲִţһЩھ
ϧǣţȴδ
֪ϣǹЦ֪ϣùУ˵ˣ֪ϲ֪ϣָһϡ
ǴصһŻ
ҲǾתΪԪĸ
ûŻΪӴܴݻٱ˵ʶվ޷ҵǰ·
ճСèϵĻɣֱӵԪҪѰҵЩʷϢķֽ
õķ£ɰͷֽ⹦á
Ѿƫ·ʵҲͨʿҲѹ֮Уûҵõķֽ͸޷롣
Ŀһϣؾһ֧ͺʣһֽҲܻ޴Ľɫջ۷
˵䣬޷һأǺܸ߶˵żһ㶼ֻڴ˵֮С
ԭܼ򵥣ҪԪȵÿš
Ҳǡ֪ϡ
ӡݿԿ˷Ĵ󱦵ӦöӦĿϷţŻᱻΪֱͨ
棬ʱҲҪȥһȺիġ䡿Ӷǰ·
η
ǵôǷģ
ҵķǵһǷţҪΪš
ݴ̫ͻ
ˣͳ˴Ⱥի߹Դʦ֮ҪƤͿࡣ
Ҫ˵ңʵҲԴӡеõκⱾд͵Ϲż׹ģÿһÿһ䶼͡
ûвȺļʶԨѿöֻᱻƫ;


875 ˽Уϣ
Ҳǵҵͨˣдʲôдɽ֣ǵõҲûʲôãջÿʦͽ֮ڿഫҲѹ֣˺΢ǻŷ׽ˡ
˵ʲôˡʦǻû˵ˣһڹѪܰν޷ʿѡ
ʯ֮ףʦ츳Ȼһģ˵Ҳܽ
ϧǣħߡķѣÿһֻһСΣͳһؼΪһ壬˭Ҳͨһ
뾡취޷ͻƣʹ⡣
ʲôɫհʲôǣƣֶһ׵ģ
󣬽ƣ껪ȥ
Щħףȷǰ취Żһ·ߡ
ʯ֮ȡʤƫǿп·
·գ֮˵£һСľͱ˾񲡡
ףأ˼˼·ӣ㽻ѣ£ͽһȺһȺգ鼰ϱҪ˳ڣȻͻơ
û̫ô
ճԸΪġ
Уǿпǰ·ôף
Ǽ򵥣ЩǰˣϴʦҲǧˡ
Ե츳顢־ȫȱ١
߼˵·ӣףܺɨ£ĺ˳Դʮ˲ħƿͨ컯
վˮ
ôܣҪǣ֮ºɨϣһͳħʵʡ

ճͰͷļ֮ǿѹ֣ʱȥǣϸϸͨ۳ȫƪоҪ
֣Ҫɳܸ٣ںϻΪȵòѨϡ
һһϦ⹦
ѨԽǲ׼ȷԲԺԽ°빦
оƬɣҪճϸⱾۡ
ԽǽȥԽоԡ
νԪΪ֮⣬ڵΪˮ֮ҪΪ֮飬ҵֱ̡֣ԽĴ׶Σһ𲽱ʦֱָĹԣ
˫˫ΪǱԳҡ
һʼȻ죬ϸѾʦزʱʱܸصһ
ֻ̫Ҳûʦ̵ãûͨ׳
ڱɽȴʲôҲò
ûʲôֱܿҲֻǰͨʹã޷һ㣬Ӧһ㣬ûʲôá
˫˵ĳҪ츣ӣ֮ۺ赡а쿪ĶʩʹȵֶζѣȻҲҪûһӣ֮ջȴҲ޴̸
˺Ƿӳһ͡
аԪȻĿȻ
˫Դӵ˳ȫһְ죬Ҫ˵λ츳꣬һֻĸȼҲΪһֻ
ԣףܹãҪġ
¶֮䣬ʹ˸
Ȼ˽У˿һأȻȻϵɾԪ书ҲȻ
Ľ֮·
ճ£鱾Цɻ
ѳԭԴԵ
ҵ˵ǲմϴС
Խߵ˵ǾҪı飬Լ֪ơ
ֻнȡһСλԵһ˿Ϳˣںηչǲǻ˻Ѱ䣬ҿеĹǾͲĵġ
Щƨɣﳤȥ
ʣµĹβѨϡͨѨϣĥһϸ⶯֣ճľѾԽˣһҲС
ƽľ͡
ȻڻĽҰ⡣
׼ȥԼϳ
ûлȥҽã֪㫑ǲԼķԸڴ

ճҲŸ·һͷˮţҹɽƽҰã
ϸϸĥڲѳһһ
ʱһȥ͸оԼѪֱ˴ˣȫݷԼڡҲƺĥȥǣƬɽˮΪϣްͻأ֮С
ϺԶе⣬ֻΪ̰ͼճľ޶ʣһԭȴǲҾܾ
ϴλɽ飬翲˼䣬ֻǿȥ﷢η塣
СŮ͵͵ڴβǰ
λߵȻֵλɰĿˣÿ˾Ļ·ϷʳһҲҶʶ˵
ֻͨɳΧϺΪҪƲֵʱȴԼСû衣
ؿû˸ǰһ䣬ЩƽɷѪֻǿСһۣ˻ȥ
Ϻȵķ֣ЩԵҲ¶Ϊ飬ߺȵСһ¾ϵˡ
ǻҲʶ˭ڤڤ֮һԤУǰš
Ϻˡ
һգǰͷêһЩʳҴҵĸϴͷԼСŮûڴβ˴ͷߣͷЦš
һȫŭ˹ˣͬʱҲʮɻ󣺡СݶǰղǺ˵𣿳Էʱֻ͵ƣôǰȥˣӻܿ֡


876 ˽У£
磬ٽ°ɣŮôˣ
СǸԲԲ۾СŮޣͷЩݻƣܿӪ̫⡣
Ϊˮߣƽﻹܳϱ˻ͯġ
ĳճ½ǣͷϸҵ
ճͷ࣬Цүүˣùټ
ϺҪǳԼСŮͻȻһ㶡
ǰصˣʱȥȫͬ翴ǰ󽭣ů硣
ˣСݲ£ûдɣϺ߰˼ҵ꣬ѰϺýţ⣬̳𡭡
ˣɣһȵ㣬СԵ⣬
ǣˡ
ͷЦջǰͷľɢæкŮ׼ʳԼҲСӴ
ճɫƽͣȴЩ⡣
Ϊλ
һ·ɱ;ƼȻЩز˵ġ
һ˶öˣͻɱɱöˣͻ˿ͷλˣżϡ
Ϊֵʡ
˷ĸ֣ȺУɽҰ䣬Եʮֶأҹеө棬ʮҫۡ
绢Ի̴󣬾ǱצҲѹ
Դʵ𣬲ڳһ׺͵Цñ˺Ա׼
ҲڴͷɳЩҰĽçо壬ǰŵԭʡ
ճҲһ㡣
ͨദ֮ʱϢһһ˿й
ϢȴϺСŮȻҲҿ
ȴ˱仯ϸϸо֮оͻһء
о֪䣬Լ⽭磬ƺˮһּǢһжҲϢ˱仯
ǰѪȻȻĻԲһ塭
ʤ
˼£ֻĻپ£ĵشСͯҲв׽
һ̣˺Ūʯ诵Ļ
һͨˣûһ˿һ죬Ӧ˵ۣӡɽɽˮˮﵽɽɽˮˮľ˰ɡ
ѧϣԳƵһ䷵ӹ档
ǡ˽С
ӦԴأʲôȻأܵԪ
ˣһϿĵһѾ걸

㫑վſڣʱʱ̽Զüһ㲣еѹ
ճʱ䣬оһʱĵֿʼ֣Χ񻧼䣬̽ӡ
ȻһֱûзâڱΣУ˺ܲġ
쵽ˣƵߣˡ
㫑Ķһ½ţ۾ģԶŮеϲ
ٴҲкôصϢһĴӵȫЩǳ˾ˮԶǸ¡ΧЩ̽Ҳߵøɸɾ
Ӣ˷ܵ˵δȻ˻ֻƾķ
Ӣޣֹ̫ˣ֪ʧЩ׼ļһҿĴܺܿĳӣֵͷѪļһûʲôη֮ġ
㫑˵
ճصϢҲûȫ
Һǰʱ䣬ѾռҺҵڻй֮£ѱס
˵˵Ļȴ̲ϣ
ڵıʣ˴ϴһģ˸ҲӺ
ҲΪˣ㫑оϵĵӸӳˡ
ʵи
ˣ
һƥѩĸͷı˹
һʿϿȻݡ
ĿĹţ̰Ұɫ
Ա߻һСܵû죬ճļС͡
һֱھˮɿڵţճ´ֱ
٣ҡ
㫑ΪԼǧʱ䷢飬ӿԷһͷʲô˵ˡ
ֻһۿ㫑֪Էʲô׶֪
Լҹǵ飬һһﷵأƺȫ㲻ʲô¡
ճ΢Ц㫑һأһֻ糣ұչس
ҪչأڶƽջǲҪͻƣ
㫑ĴϷϲ
ӡУճʵʹﵽ죬սǿÿɲǸһľʲôҲõˡ
ʲôƾһһͿɱķ֡
ǰɡôõ·Щûúóһˡ
׼˽ӷ磬ֻһͿϯ
㫑Ц绨
С䣬Ǽȥϴ塭
СЦΧǰ
ճЦЦҲܾ˿֮֮һƬϲ⡭
ָоܺãʮܡ
ǻؼҵĸоǣźܲ
ճЦŵͷ

ճԸ˭Ҳţһ˶˾ҡ
ڴϹɽˮһֱɽˮ֮䣬˺ܶ
صҲ飬ݸʮʻʱ׼һϡ
ѾԼԼܸоģʵˮɵ顣


877 ٳ£ϣ
죬ճ㲻˾ʳһŲӣΪȷԸˣҲûǰš
㫑֪ճαչصҪɳҽլ
һհ㫑Щճס
һᣬȻ޶ء

ʾд˹ִ´Ѷ˵Ĵȫκܲ
Ӣ޲š
ʲô
㫑һ͵̧ͷ⼸̽ӶΪΪٷأԵŷԶݣû뵽ʱȴϮϢ
ѵٱչصϢѾй©ᣬѳײϢҲʮܣôɺˡ
ˣ
һسǱδ棬ǧһӾͻ۹㳡ȥ

ϷִԼǧˣȫͷ塢СѱѪϴǷȥɽȵء
һֱǰ
ӣȻǧǰȥ˸תϡ
аɽȵǳؽ磬ˮҰһ滷ɽһ滷ˮǵ˷
˵ˣҷ֮ԵӵܹΧʮǵĸԲʧοһǧˣֵܵҵǧ
㫑߾٣ǧͬˮתϡ
βȰĵ书ǿдӦҲ£ǱŰǧפȻΧص˵ǣԼȥԮ

ˮϣԿ̣شŨ̹ҽЦڶ
ýԶһµϣȴԶԶƣѹѹһǧڼ׾Ϣȫޡ
ΪһŰףɫԼʮ߰꣬ʮֿš
кɭ䣬ԶڣЩлֵܣ˵յĻ᲻
˭֪߸Ųߣս󽻷һܣĽԸֻҪ㫑֣ͱػˡ
ػһͷڣҵ۵ӣʮֶأ翣ϱһŴ󹭣ǹǹ֮ϻ·
߸ھǹлӳǡ
һΣлֵӪҾǼһﳢʲôǴѹҲףνָ֣ھǰʲôǣ
ź⣬䣬ƺſ̹Ǻ⡣
Ůģ룬֣Щ»ǵÿһ㣬˼
лӳƽ͸ŵϧȰο֮ʱҲ嵭ƽͣľɱϢ롣
Ҳ֣֪λֵƽһҰ׵ӣ仰ͻᳶӣ޵ȥǸĵӡǰұ˱һŭ֮¼߸ڣȴΪ߸¹ܴĹ͡
˵һǽԹˣ书ﵽһĻлӳǾ½Ѿһ۷壬һ飬ն練ơ
߸ڽУһʮֿǰӡ
ȰļҪֻΪ˱Ƚϵ͵ѷһ
ͬУȴˡ
ʲôĸ֣׼ǣƣټϰ˰ṇ̀˭
ʲô˫ҲںǸŮˣҲ˵
뵽Ұȼա
лӳһʿ¶һ˿
֪Ϊˡ
ƾ˭Լδһˣﶼرζ
δ֮û̫飬Ҳһ
ʵ޹أйء
ǣδ߸ڵλߣлҲܷйֻš
Ǿڷ粻ܣһ֪Ȼ£ѹ߸֮󣬶ҲǣϾʱֻһ񡭡
شʱӦѾ㫑ƴɱ⣬Ӵ˽٣վҪܹˡҿսҪҪȴǲĽˡݺš
ս󣬲Ӧ졢ëòУն޷죬չ߸ڶܹҵ𡣡
ͻȻʲôʵӴ˴ȥŮ£ʲôɣ
Ӧû£кʦʦ˸ţҲ飬ЩŮֻͼͽ·û̫룬ȡˡлӳԼ˵˵
˵˼䣬ֻͣԶĺɱȴ

ҽãҡ
ճĴȫһϵλá
һ׶صĸӦֻҪȻԪӦʱʱ̳̿ǴѨϡ
ԭ޼Ѱһǹ⣬ĸ
ճҲżֻǵȫԪ֮ע
˸ʱȥǵԽԽƺһ޵׶һ㣬ȫѪȫɡ
ɫԽԽ԰ף־ץߵƿ׵С
ʮӨ͸ҩ븹УһԪ
ƿѾʮ֮࣬ճǰڳһš
׼ôҩ»ϣȻ㹻ˡ
ֳܵӯճһЦһ
¡¡
һͷ­ҹǹ˸ǵոճ֣ͱһ˶ת˲֮仯Ϊ޹һ룬ްθߣԭҰ̲ݺ컨Ҳڡ



878 ٳ££
ҫ߲ʻ⣬һɵܰͷѤƮȻ£
ò˼䣡
ճһϲһȸԾͷصоԼƮƮȻտ׳ɽ
ĵ⵽
ͷոת͸оԼѾ߷ᵽ˿С
ûü续һů紵ܳ¯ˮڣ˼άתҲý
ãΣǰ졭
ճ󾪡
ҺֻǸոմܳǣ̷Ӧһתˮԭ·أԼȻңһ˶͡
˫ۣϦ͸뷿ڣ˵İף亹һ¾ӿ˳
ⳤȻû˵֮󣬲ܳϣǿˣҲ㱻յûɢ
֮ճȻʧЦ
֪ԼȴǱˣһֱΪ䣬ȴûѾʵ޵ģ㴫䣬Ҳǵŷ
ﵽĽףֻҹЩ֪ʶڵ֮мֱǳʶֻԼֲ޵ֻĲŲע⵽һ㣬治ϸҲͿ⡣
ܰճΣ񷽲ſôһת˺һ
ϵϵ֣ճ˳Լĵ·
һȴǶʱܳɾ͵ˣҪһ񲨹˸뵽һ顣
񣬾ɾ͡˽еĽ֮·Σ
񣬰עһ֮ϣոմоһ죬һӴԪ֫ٺžžžһ죬Ҳøߴھ硣
ûôϵءһͻΪɻңһƣڣˮһɫӡ
У죬ϸꡣ
ٹһᣬֱɴ裬ԪѹųΪӯӯһˮ⡣
ͻƲ㱻ǣãһɲҽ˷ϯȥ
ҽʿȫ·ڿ̧ͷ졣
԰бգˣƺҪꡣ
ꡣϹܼҺȻתͷһǹӣҪˡ
ŨŨϲɫ
ճչգ㲻ЩҲв²⣬ൣģʱ󣬲ϲ
书ˣ۹ڷƣεͻƷͬСɡ
ϹܼЦǺ˵˶ϲɫڵ˵֡ΣĽҪͷĹǳأϲ¡
ͨһϣȻȫҺˣڣ춥壬˵Խ֮ϣ
ճӿɻָΪһ

һҷ졣
һָ䣬һͬһնƿ֮УʮϸۣһƬ֦Ҷ׷ɡ
ʲô
ԶԶŵıʿæˣճڷݸԶһЩ
ֻһ֦裬ǵµͬи⻬ޱȡ
һʱĵ׷
ճľҲ⣬ͷĿϲѾ硣
оһָ䣬ˮһԼڵңӦ
ǹһָ֮ϣһ࡭
Լڶƽȫġ˫һҪǿ֡
˽Уش֮Ԫ޵ãҲݽߡʱ֮޾ֻҪ𣬾Ѫ£Ҳܳ
ѹʦ˾޴˸Կԭǽ֮ռ˺ܴƣжǾУһ˿϶޷Ӧֻͬȼĸֲſɿ⡣
ճ֮ûв²ڵΪΪ֮еھܴﵽ˺һ뵽֮䣬ļģһΧ֮ڻơ
Ǵ˵еϴʦ磬ʦӦûһ
ĴﵽԪϴʦʯ֮ĲӡҲ̫ܴ
ֻһԪܰ׽޿ӡ
˽УֻǼӵԪȭʽ֮Уûţʯ֮ƾ費ӡԼӻ⣬óļתĻħӿһξ룬ҲͲ¡
սƶϳľӦĽǰڣɾ͡
ãٿ˵֮Ԫ飬ճȫ·ˡ
δɾ֪ͣԪʲôֻܲ²⵽ӦǴƴ˷أա
ʲôأһû˵ġ
Ҫһڿڳԣ·Ҫһߡ
ܳɾͨصشѾˡ
ճŶͼԶΧţķļٱ䡣
Ӧܣͷ˲֮
Զ͸ẓ́ԼԼɱ֮֮Ҳڶ
ô£
ճɫһǲеôң
һɺ˻æݵϹܼսսػصԸˣɴŹӱչ˵鲻ȥȥͻء
ţЩ˾ɫճϢȴǰѡ
ͻĽ׺һǣѹȻѹ£ǰǲͬ
ԺһöעˣµҪƿش췽ãȻ˵Լ˾Ͳˡ
̧ȥС伸Сһ̽ͷ̽ԣɫͽеС䣬лҪ㡣


879 ݺᣨϣ
С伸˼æ˹࿴һۣȻ˵ٸ磬ȥȳǧȥ˵Ĵ֣˻˵;ֱȥ˾ˮɿԮΧ䣬ﵽǺɱܹܻԥǲǴʣǧȥء
һ˵ղס죬µǼ˸ո¥ˣϷʮﷶΧȫ棬ǵȫڣҵĳС
ճԽɫԽ֪С˵ûΪԴͻ֮ӷͬ죬һֺܲõԤﷺ
㫑϶ΣգⲻҪ²⣬ȥٿֲ
ԭȥˣ챸
ǣʦ
ǺСӹȺ棬кܵ÷ɿ졭
ܿһ˻Ӱһ͵˸ǰ
ճһߣͰԶŵѩߵ÷
ˡһ죬ž޴ƮƮڼ۶İʤϡ
ͬһƬưƮϣһֻסǱ²ò֣С䣬Ǳϯɱдʤ
˵꣬ճתͷҪֱ帮⡣
ȵȣ
һߺ˹ܵЩżʮȫᣬȴǸϵüˡ

ճסƥߵܹܣôҪҾˣɱ죬㫑˶Է֮Уʱ̲ݻ
ճۿţͷһæĸմˣⲻǳǳˣǧǵôЩ󣬲һ˶С
ճɫһЦڵıҲô㣬Ͳˣܣҹ˼ɣ˵Ҳҵٶȣ׸
ɫһ࣬˸ɫܼҵˣϿȰմˣҿ˴ϮĴ㳲ܲһ˵书ǸҲΪ硭
ܼҲǼæȰ˵˵ŷܹܣҲᵥ󡭡սʮգӻС
ö˵ˣаգڱϷ͵Ϯճ΢Ʋɹ
ŷܳ󣬲֤Ҳܳ󰡣˵ˣŽĽףʳ¯ĴʦЮ֮ﻹù˼ʲôս󣿡
ԣ֮г󵽵ʲôգʲôΣԼ
ճ˵꣬ɣٲͷ𻰡
֪㫑ԼΣգǰ
һʱһʱ鲻̫ȤһԴɱеζʱȴǲͬ
һѪӿףԼһߣ㫑ĺΣˡ
ȻôԵ޹ʵľѪ
ֻһΣգصΣգʱ˿̣ΨһĿܾ㫑ˡ
ñţճԾɣһӰ̳ھʿһܿͲӰ
ɫ࣬еģֻǿ׳ȴ׽⡣
ϴɵоҲֻ챣ӡ
ֻϣմܰȫͻΧΧɷֻҪû¾ͺáǽش˱ٻи·ȵ䰲ľԮת
һ̣˶ûаģԶɱ죬ϰ¡

㫑ɫ԰ף£ɽҰͬһĺˣͷһЩĸо
ҪٳƵȴǰɽ֮ĳһֳֳ֧ǹ޶ܣףɱڵ
ˣӦĴܵȺֵּ࣬ô˵Ǳƣ
㫑һ䣬оЩԣʱﻢ£·ˡ
һ·ɱѾǶ֮УԴܳߡ
ҲֻӲͷƤǰɱ
ǰ˵ʵԽԽǿѹҲĴ

㫑ǧԮɢӸش䣬һ·ݿ࣬˳
Ҳû̫׷һСұԽ׷Խ롣
һᣬͼԽԽ࣬ڳֵĶǲҲΪ⣬һ·С
ľͳɽȵء
ȴûϵﾹдˣʮֿɲ塣
˲ȥҪĿ궨ڴ֮䣬ǰȫͬ
㫑֮࣬²ͣӳ֣ǰ
ϧˣɱ󣬱˵ˣΣԱϣ˵ǧʿ
㫑ͷһۣҲһЩ£һ·ɱ˲١
أЩ
ɱ
ײһ
䡱һ죬˫糱ˮһײһս̱ɽģʽ
㫑ԽսԽ£ߺսȴֵԽԽࡣ
һһʿǸǰ첻˶١
㫑Ϊͷǰʮ㣬ǲ࣬η
¶֮ɫɱʱЩ
ԭһЩ񣬱ЮĴӣ˳̵ʱͣӲͷͲôˡ
ಽ㫑ǧѾȻ˱
ܵս㫑һ񣬴һǰ壬׹
ʽ
˴ȷѪ꣬ǰĺ˱նһȱڣۼѿɱ͸
˶Զǲ£Ǳ
ͻȻһֺɤ
أ
һХЮ㫑תиӹһ׺ۣɱȻ


880 ݺᣨ£

һ㫑ϺëæսģѹǰӰһöݸֻ˳ȥ΢΢
һֱܵ΢΢飬ȴȥ
ҪǣһͻȻϮƥĳȫʧѾͣ
ľһӵϣһ㫑˺ѿԻս

Ϊб֧ͣ³ο֪
ڼ׾󺺺Цӳζһ͵㫑ǰΧ
ɵķݻһͷֺץУһ˫۾аĿ㫑﷢
죬ЦĽһСݲţڶԱ˲˽ᡣʵȴǰϧˣ̳ţֻҪί죬֤ش뷨
òȷ˲ҹάǸĵֺĸӣ̶̵ֽţŶӣƽԴ϶ֱӴӷֵļϳƵġ
˫Զ۾ȴǾҴаâʹ֪ڹտĸ֣ߵĸаŵ·ӡ
ָһֻݵĸֻʹ˸еΣպ͹ԡ
֪жԡݻ֮ˡ
Ǵ׳ʵϽϼͷ˸γªĴ󺺿Ц³çսܾѳɣί̺ǣɴһףȻʲô¶
Ц״
һЦһһס˽оֻ̳˻ƻŮǧϣôˣȻۺߣ˵أ˵ëŮҵĦù͸𣿡
ĸݣһģ˸Ʋ룬ϲŸòײࡣ²Ĵڶġǧë
ǰĴ󺺼ȱܣþǱΪȮķ
㫑ŭ֪⼸˵żĵĻʵ뼤ŭԼĿģȻԼµܡ
ܽһ壬ͳ䣬Ҳڼ׺סɱ岻
Σˣ
һ꺺ӣΰһԶ϶ƣȧݣƿƱգ˳Ǹӡ
ò˰ᣬе񲻰˵ѧվԨо䣬һ֪ѵõĴ֣һִ֦Ƶĳìġʮء
ΪףӦþĴ֮ױΪšĲӦˡ
ӦȻЦСȻƾ̳ΪŮĳĲܱߵļʮ䣬ֱԮ־ܰɣȱһѹկˣ̫㡣
гصľֳìˡһììӰɭɭ
㫑һܿгìѵ˾ĵز趯ìͬë϶ѵֵһˣͺѶԸˣټҲһ֣Ѱˡ
˭Ϊưҿɲ̫ǵôһˡ
гббָأƴȴѯţһ˿Ϣ
㫑־ᶨ֪˴׶༪٣ȴǲ·硣
Ҳ޷ֻɱĽ˶ͷȴǡЦţҲϢ
һԾڵϵ£ͬ㫑ֻֻһǰһ󣬻һ켣ննۻ롣
ߣԭǳĳ˶ôθڣҲ±
ֺӿԾ𣬾һɤڶƺúԶƺߣɱɭɭֱ͸ķΣȫ顣
˭
챻һиֻٹ˲ù㫑׹Ƴһţطء
ӦҲǱ٣ң̧ԶɽתǴ
٣
㫑ɴϲҲתͷȥ

ֻתǴжĺʱҳһ࣬ľ֮УһӰ֣ն˰ֱ
Ӱ´£·衣
ͺּЩʿ֪Ϊշɵգס˼ߡ
Ǹ
Ӱ¡¡һƬ
ӦŽеܣ
ɾ룬ֻǼ֮䣬ǰӰɱ͸˽ǰ
ȫһƥߴ׳İһ纮趯ֻѩ޴ܾ缤
·ĵ˱ǴӰУߵķݰ߸߷
ǲǹǴ󴸻ƿĺ
һǣǼʸǵǹֻҪǰͱƬƬм
ҵĵǱͷϡõʿǱ÷յĺЩ˱ҷˣҲԼ˵ıʸţѾôңƺΪ·
˵õΧأΧ𣿺һΧɣ
Ӧ˿﷢䣬ûаһɭɱѹͷ
Ǿǹվڱѩ֮Уܱѩ裬Ϊֵľ֪ʮΣգȴֲתͷߣѱλֲĶ֡
ǰޱԵõ壬ʱһЦ



881 ϣ
ճһֱߣͲҪȥ̽·ֻѭָԽɽ£СӣһֱսŨҴ
ܷд಻Ϊ֪ϢԪӿȡ
оꡢŭѪϲɭϢƺƬеһжУûа谭
νս֮Ķȫֵһᡣ
ĽðɣеĴڲɢУģѹִʦѹһˣⲻԭҲΪʵ
ݾ׼۹жʲô鶼ˮɡ
ܿ죬㫑ĴܾΧҲĿɱӿͷȴЩ˷ܡ
׳Ĵ߽ӣͲˡֻҪĴܣսϺõڻҡ
˵׻ǵЩ㣬Ẉ̂Ҳдķչһݴ
Ƕڰеͼıճȴûаּɵ
ܿıǻʲôı
հǡ
ɽҰľһӶδ١
Ǻˣֻһ紵¡¡пӰһﴩȥԶˡ
ǰ̣ճû˷ʱ䣬û̧
ָ£ߣֻ˺̶ܶʱ䣬嵽ܼǰ˫裬ƿ練ơ
Ҳֻǵƾ˫ת֮£һ˫󴸾ͬһ㣬ǰƽ
ǵǰĵˣȫΪ촷ۡ

õʱȻʵЩϣԤ֮еƣȴҲûʲôͬΪǵıҲͬǿɾˡ
ǷЦǹ߾٣һͦһ֮ԡ
׾ʿһźѪâƺǰǵɽ𺣣Ҳһһ̤ơ
ȻֻǧˣȴȺҪǿʢ
лӳг֣滭·
ϧĸųǣͻȻ˵֣ƺԣ˫һ֮УĴҲǵ˶ãʱǷ񡭡
лֵܣ䣬ټҵľ֮£ʲôͽܵ⣬˰ɣ
Ц˶Ϊҷ֪֮лһԶʹһЩóսɱУлֵܣһ˽
лӳȻʧЦĽͽһСľͻᱻˣҵȻȫԸ˴γܷ³ɣÿֵıҴУжֻ˵Ҫɱȴδ
лӳ˵ǫãо䣬ɫȻȻĲΪ
һԼгȡһѩ𳤼ִͬӰƺһжɶ֡
ˮ󡭡һЦǹбָһȲɽ£һѪǧʿͬ
ɽ֮ͻأϢǵ㣬һƬһ壬ϻɣлӳˣֻס
֮ʿȥܼѪ˻ֻ˶ɡ

ճԴգõзʿѪǿп·̤࣬һǿĴܣϾˡ
ǽѹˣͨһϣ˽֮սӳá
ǿǣսͬճˮ˳ݺɱĴˣֻԶԶţѾɥԼܷȡʤްա
ӰһճѵǰһֻȻ̩ɽѹǰͬƬƬ٣˽ƣδѾѹ˴
ĵСģӦݺҧһ⣬ʹһ飬֪δʽӵУƿ֮У
磬ͷ֮˫ʹ֪˻ѡ
ۼ棬Ȼѣ£ɫŤţ۾һ±Ѫ죬ǰһˣһճǰ
ݸֻת֣ͬճһ˺һӡ
δ𣬾ʹ֮£Ż
׺аսȴʮֳ㣬ʮֽƻܿ졣
֪һӲӣֻҪԼλֵ֮£Ҳǲһս
ã
ӦȲʣѧһ״֮ɫбܣгìóһӰ󣬲ػع
ìָȴճ֮
ªĴʺ죬ӳײ۵һ죬ͷ塭
ëųơǧԸȴΪɱ޹Ĺһ׺Ϣѡȫͬ
˹һ¶һ˿񣬱˿һǧ˿ͬһƬƶ䣬ӭŴȥ
˿ó˸գҾͲĴܴǧ˿
ֻҪסһɲǣλֵܾܷ֣˫Σν˷۱
ŲӦһȣ̸ԷӦͣ㫑һԿŶо̾Ϊֹ
ٸոδͻ֮£ҿһжǽӲס


882 £
㫑һЩǣճޱףͻȻһЩ̤ʵ
˹ͣȴҲ㲻ʲôɡ
˫̫죬ճ̫ǰǰҲֻý͸ˣһʮֲķס罣
㫑иոתսҪǰ壬һ졣
Ȼ̧ͷֻͣճǷһ˿ЦǻĴͷһ𣬿кȻһơ
ѩ׵ķ˿ոմ֮ϣͬ紵̣Ρ
ƼǰëϻЦɲ֮ɢһһơ
ȺѪ裬·ǰԾӰֻһ
˫
㫑˫ԲɣŵŴС졣
Ȼ֪ʲôճʾţҲ뵽ˡƷ˽֮УƵַ
ʱճȴ޼᲻ݣȫںǲһֺʵֻǴһɾʹӣʮֲֿ
⻹û꣬ճһһλӰһ㣬δ֪һӭǰ졣
ХԼ֮ϣθոյ𣬾ͱճִۡһҸš
ֳݻǧƬ
컹ûüƺһͱһ޷ݵĴϡ
ɽ䣬İαһ壬һűƽ˵汻ĿӶ
Χˡ
ճȻЦ
ˣ°ƫӦԼߵì棬˫һɨէϻ֣šء磬һӻ
š
˶ѩӳ⣬дƬƬȺ죬ĿĲⴸγأٶȡ
Ӧͷ˵ĹĿԶͷԼҲԶԷǰ
ǰִӰɽֻһʹһƬټٵôӰ
ѳؾ޴ûκһ㣬ûйԣԽʶ
ôһ̣Ӧ޴ճļٴֱȵƲݻᡣ
ոתϡŹֵͷֵǰ
һ⽴Ľһࡣ
ʹûü𣬾;Լ·˺
ƥǿĲʾ˺𣬹˻ܣɡ
ħСӦ壬оֳìǰֻҪԸһ£ԼͽԶݣͷ
Ƿû˼ֳ̫࣬ûͷûԵĻͻ׺һǰ
ǲ֪ת屾ѹ
һ֣˴ȻǺõģ·ʤͱˡ
ճĹ켣ͬʱûء
Ϊ޴󣬹أؾǹԪ˵ÿһÿһʽÿһݼѪʶγɻ档
ǿǿ񡣡
ʱмɣֻײ
䡭
ͬʱ𣬲Զ
һڷϣǰͬһ㱻ôۣصȥ
һӴȫ˫۳࣬쫷һɨ
һ㫑ȥһᡣ
ǰª׺ĺһ˱ޱȣϰ罦ֻ°أԱֳվԭأһ˵ĹС
ӦʱӶݣìڴֻһ㣬ᵹɶ۽⿴Լͬıñѣûбʹޱҡ
ܹ̣ɽʯʦ֣Ҳİɡ
ոתͷ²⵽ǲǴﵽ˵ľ磬û͸оӰģ
ؿһƺʲôѿȻʲô֪ˡ
ճմٿӦһۡ
ԼһӭǰŲţʮ
˵һ۷壬Ԫϵ˫˫شûбѪ̫á
ʵϣ㫑￴øǷ
ӦΪĽԶʵû𵽰á
ìཻ֮ʱһɲ˰ˮѭìͬһϯȥֻǸոշϰվͱŤ飬ը졣
Ӵģ
𾢡
㫑ŴӲӦ³ȺƬһʱ

ճתͷХӿһӱЩ
ھӦУѪצɱȻ
Ķ֣߸ʷ̸ʮĹδӢ
ԭ֮˵ĴڣΪһ壬ǧ֮ڴԴΪУݵ̤ɽӣٳƹʢ֮ʿȻһ֡
ճûϲ֮̾治С
һ˲һ㣬ͳ̵㫑ǰ˫΢΢ڶЦ㫑££׷ɱսս߸ھ񣬿һ±ĳɫ
Сģ֧Ӽǣ
㫑ѱ˵ͷ۲һ˿ͣˡ
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һƲͷһ˿Ī⣬˫΢΢һЮ˻һףȻ򡮶ˮ󡯡


883 ֣ϣ
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žһˤ䳾񿥺Ҳһ˻ԣѪ

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884 ֣£
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Źͬ£˵ԼԼĳһ֧͸ĳ

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㫑ŴС죬Ħа֣Ц۾
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ĲСزΪʵԭ㫑㷢ûУ㲻ΪʵҲͦ򵥣Ҳ֪лı㾭սǿУѹҲܰȫһЩ


886 ࣨ£
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˵һ£ͷԸŮֽʣৡ˱ɣͻһͼףдע⡣
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ģֱȥһһڡ
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ճķԷ㫑ֻЩߣĵ׵Ȼϲġ
ң֪ΪΣճҲһЩäĿţĿεĲ˼飬òס
Թ緹֮ϸϸ˽Ĳԡ
˲ŲճĻͰ񣬿ȡʿΨãЩĺʿȫ
ֱֻҪµ̣ʹַ⣬˶Ͻ
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⣬ŷս뷢ţǬʱҲأǹԵĶ̰һƬꡣ
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ΪĴҵɣҪĶ֮ҸҾǴ󻧺ǿںôһЩҲҲ飬纴СǴӦˣӴƣţסⷽҵЩʵʵ뷨ҪǿһЩ
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жԼѵ㻹ΪԵסĴܻлӳǵˣ

һ۶ʿŻŵĹ콫лǧȫû
ʲôһѱ飿
췲ȻŭʿȻϵãɳȥս̽ӡ


888 Ů£
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췲ɫһ԰ףĵļʵƺ뷢־ʿе©
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ʵԣ˴δӮˡ
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ѹֻǿ˷һۣ͹ԹԵĳԭղ췲˲սˣȥҲŮðɡ
纲⣬ֻ̾ŷһӢۣǹʵҲᵲסҵһơֻ֪ϳ֮⣬оԻ󷨡ŮǱĬԼĸȾģƿر˵˼άȻûа
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889 ꣨ϣ
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ճ㫑ЦģҾҪȥҲһߵģֲЩ޵ɵϣ˲쳾ȥϧǰˣƫƫᰮ亮ɽȪ䣬¹Ϊ飬ɺΪѣûˡ
˼Ҫɣңھ֮ϣ̰û͹ˡ
㫑ճ˵ȤҲɴȤ׽סճֻ֣ȴ֧¶ԷҲ˵ʲôĻ

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ճ߸ſݽǣ΢΢һЦҲһݵǰź˵ûˣԻϼʮ꣬кδ㣿
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죬ɫʮָӣȴ͵͵һ


891 ģϣ
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˫ܾˡ
ףһƣǱӣסһҲ򲼾־֣˵Էħĸ
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ʱֱػԣ³һֱ°ﲻ龰С㫑ӿȻ֮ǣΪǵСǲεļһ


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ƾ˵ٺֻǵ㴵ţ
ֻʵ֤ˡճ

³ӵƺܺô㫑ŭƺ־
ճоƬӾ֮УܿϵɫһЩľͱ̴ˡ
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뷡
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»һΣո鱾ң٣ȥ㫑ɣﲻˣţһ̳š
һݽǵһ̳ճƮȥ
ͷʱһһ߹ţһĪ˵Ҳǰǰ࣬ţϵ˵²ɣƺǻۡ
ϼһѹƭţܹףȷĵ
ܵһĪϢ֣΢ɲ죬ճϣ쳣ǿҲܷ
֪ǱĬıһ˵ԣʲôŮȷʮհ
ճƵɣֻΪԹ壬꣬û֣е鷳
ңճоõǿ󵹻ΣؼʮΣѷֲԡ
³ӵѹԭǼףãʹв𾯾
ͷһֱ˺ƭһ֡
ʵҲܺ⣬һŮˣǸ˶ΪŮ˺ԼϲģΪһЩ¼ֱȻ
˭û¸ɣȥԼϲǲǱǿӽĻأ
΢΢̾Ϣţճҡҡͷž̳ת¥


893 Ӱϣ

԰
ʱ̺죬·ɵɫ֮а㸡
һѩ׵Ӱ԰裬ƮƮ跲
ڻ֦ݼ裬üȫʥ䣬԰ݹ֮£Ȼʧɫ
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÷վһԣ纵ӰҲɰ̾Χŷ֮ʱ纵Ůľøǳ뻯Ϣ֮нȾġ
ûȥԻĳˣ˶ɫ˾֡
÷ļһЩһֻԶԶվ͵͵纼ۣԣԸЧǲĿȡ
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˵ǲʧĻ꣬ʱȲҲľӡ
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Щ˵˵Ҳֻǰ̸ۣڷϵǰȴǲұ¶㡣
ңԷµǲҵ
ԭܼ򵥣ǰЩмλܴ͵Ľ죬ڷǰնŮ˵˺ֶʮֲпᡣ
µǣΪϵֵͬܣΪϯž⣬ŭԾӾȨϴ˶ʮΣʱûųء

뺺ֶѲӳڷ񣬾ǰ
ԶԶһۻ԰ǵԾ羫ӰİӰפϸơ
ֻǶһۣ;ǰӰһЩ̾
ԼôһЩ£ÿ±ͬʳޡʵɵ顣
̣ʱ֣Ҿɰսǿʲôãʱ´ң̣粻ҵΪչǾлˮ°
뵽һʱ׳־ˣһǣջججգʵûʲô˼¾ź԰ȥƺĪ
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һĿбӵĸŷְ䳤Ӣ˲ţͷԼ常Щ
뵽ЩӵĴţ´󾪣һѾקŷ赽ݽǣʮֽŵе
һ壬ߣǺ԰ɫƺ㣬৵һ£亹ðķ뺺ļСˣŮȷʵܶԸģҾǰһ棬ֻԶԶţĶƣҼסԺ򲻿ɸ档
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ڶԾ껢ĽŷԼĴܱѾӰ٣˵ýΡ

纣̫ʧˡ
һ紵԰Ѷһˡ
˱ɴ棬ӭվ԰УԾɵӰ䵭Į

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Ӱһͣһ׹һ»ָ˽˵ľģ
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ףһ񣬴аָһ̽סֱۣ˳һ̽ɫͱˣŭ纣㱾ħصѡʦδɵʮ˲ԲвϣɾֺͣοԱʲôŮľ
ֻһ֮̽䣬ףЩʱղδ˼ħ棬ɽ֮ʱľ࣬һڷڣһɹɲƴʱ޿̲ɢȥ
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ף֮ʱףȻȻס˼
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ȴԼûʲôڣǸ˵֣ﰵȽһһЩģû
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ףѵõĶ˼ϲ⣬ͷҲͻƣֻΪʦΪֲ伮֮еõһЩһʽʯ١רԸʯ֮ҾðһʽƵǴʦҲѵֵ
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ɴ֮ŮԴҵԱɣԴҵ߾ۼɣŹ˼֮ޣֻǽƫһ׷ɱԱǿҲһڼ档
֮ף˵ġʯ١ʵ˼ƴţȡħδȡøͻơ
չ黹ǲ𣿡Ȼ
˵ֲף˵³Ǽһô꣬¶βͣû뵽һֱڷҶҪҡ
ףɱݺᣬ԰Ϣһ䡣
һȻʲôʵʦ³Ӵ˴¶İɣթ


894 Ӱ£
ףƲһЦΪζĿһۣߵ纣Щ쵽׾һЩʲô飿ҹɥʧҪη
̧£˵˳Ϊɣ޵ħɣʵ˵޵ľұġΪģзΨΨ˽нʱӶŨҾ磬㣬ҿʲôǰ;
纵ͷӦǣһϯ˵ͷ󺹡
ףⷬĳĽ̵ȻףҲ֪ԡ
׻˵úã֪ѣЩ֪ģȴһõ
ʦףˣʮħֲԸǺõģȴһѹסԶýѡ
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ףһЩʧļ˵˵Σڶƽۼаʯ֮ƴಫһصıʯ֮ĶӡҾףжԣһǵ顣
ȷʯ֮ʱû߻ħףЦ纣յСӿ̫ˣʯ֮֮ʱѱɷӵʱ򣬾һ档ֻҪ׼ʱ׼ƣʵ㣬Ҳǲѡ
ʦ𣬾˫ʱȡһЩɣаʯ֮ǵУһ£ֻǹʱ䣬Ľʵͽ˾磬ʱʵ¸
ףȻĺµļλʵΪټɫҲƽǶ׽֮ģԸʦȥ
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һưƮԺǽ֮ŭ⣺Ц˫ȥˣһëСȥǳ־Լ磬³ӣ˳յģ㻹кλ˵
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ֻǵʵֻһڣ㫑һùĽϣ߹
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÷ǸںҸоЩ
˵꣬һԾͳ˻԰÷ЦҡͷҲ޷ȥ

ճھ֮Уϧҩġ㡿ȼţһƮҡֱϣ紵ɢ
ݳǣԺٿɫεܡ
ٶȼΪݡ
֮еĴСȫУȫȻû˰ܣģؼϢҲһһεܸоԼۺ壬ʸС
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895 ֶΣϣ
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ûָ³һˣټһЩͨʿֱܴ쿪ֻ˵ͷַΪصװԤȣ

³ӵġѡûʲôͬȻ͸ۻ⣬һӰ֣졣
ճȴ֪һЩĽ䣬¡СԡݴУȫһЩսʿ
Щʱʿ䣬ͷָЩ̫ĸԸ󣬲ŵֻҪסʮʱ䣬͹֮󣬾˼Ѫһļޡ
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ħ٣һУħ޿ײ룬С
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ףһȥԶһâֱϹۡ
΢΢зۣͼǽâԭǽ⣬һϮ£һ˫âӣ͸⡣
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ף³ӾʹȥҾͷһ·
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897 ޽ңϣ
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ŲãϼոձС¥ԣͼ⣬ʧ˳ǵļʶ֪һĵֻǱܵĸоԼǰ赲úѿ
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߰ҴƴʸΪȡ
Ľųơ˫ʹʵߵ˾̾ΣվѲΪ˵ʵ
⣬˸еȱУս鲻㣬ĸꡢȵȵë
ףУ˫Ըλʮа˾Ųһ³ӣǻȾˣٹ
ӹתһ˲䣬ԼʱľٸߣǿԷƻġħ󷨡ҲҪԲ˶ߡ
Ȼλ˫Ҳû¡
ԽʽԽǽһΨΨĿ;ݸģֻҪһģйɱת򹥵֮ʱͻʧ
³ӣٳƹңҲûʲôԵĵˣҵġħġھٵζ

Ҫ
һŮԶԶ˹
ʮֽС
Ųúϼոͣ½Ųһ
ǿһӰ㲻ذڲҶһӶӰȫûľ°
ӰóǺܽˡѵʲôԣãΣգ
Թ壬ûףǰʮ㣬ʱ䣬һֱڽߣ֪˫ˣսҲ׹̸Ǿˡ
ЩһΪֻǱ˴һʱƼʻᣬü²жǿԲšλ³ϡ
ǱʹǰռϢɽ񣬶Խÿһ¼ϸڶһһˡ
ʱ纼УٿȫȻˡ
纵ĹȻ˼ʵȴҲ˶١
ôħܴܿﵽʮ߲㡾ħӰľ磬ǰΪķħʵһִ
纶˫ʮֵǾ£ôǲʲôأ
뵽ŲáϼҲŽ¼٣³ӷ򼱱ȥ

ճһ̳籼磬𣬿һǰʵΪƽ
Ԫνһ˼޿֣ƽӳһС
˼롢ףȫĺںŻ³ʧȥƵԼǸ籣߰㵯һ̾Ҫǰ
ֱ仯ţӳ
Цһףϵˣ
ͻ˴ͻأʧӰ١



898 ޽ң£
ڴ˼䣬ڱ˼䣬м䡣
ճӼ³ӱף׽סһһ֣óʯֵ֮Ļħ
ԴͻĽ֮׻ħֳĪı仯
ԭʵѱļֻɷãôҲܵһʱ䷢
Ӧоͻӳ٣ħܽ˵ӾƭӶﵽĿģռݼǿơ
Ҳֻƶѣĸǰ𲻵ʤá
֮ͷ֣ħóĻٲǻĺۼԱܳҲԶʱ֮ڷǿĹȻԾɲܳ־ãԪļӳ֮£㹻в
ֻǴﵽʯֲ֮ΣҲֻܸףһЩ鷳Ҫ˵ľȻ³ӣǰ첻ġ
仰˵ɱףò˵ЧԼ³ͷҪˣʵ̫ϧ
ˣճͲò
ȻһǾƣԼǿĹǵص׷Ϊá
ϢԪ֮еĹ档
ǹͻϮף֪ļƻҲֻͬӦԣûеڶ·ߡ
ΪҲֲ滹Ǽ١
˽дԪ֮ճ֣֮䣬˶ʱ֮У
龯ʾ۶ȫᱻɱΣҲֲճ
ƻ棬ħ
ǻħ⡣
ǵҲó˫һЯԪճֻйѡ
ף³ڵͬΪ㣬Żʱˮ¾һʧ޺ۡ
ȴѵף
ףûзֲԣ纣аԽɾ룬ճ֮ǰ
ħһǽ
ף
ճһۣŮʱʱϲΪʵʮǿۼ츳֮˵һָ
ǵԭ˫Ҫǡ
츳Ͼֻ츳ûתΪʵ֮ǰ𲻵̫á
Ҳסճ˫һ
ǵħȻճ罣µѩڻûϹãȴٶΪףȡһ˿ʱõһ
罣⴩籣Ȼ
ף֮£֪ԼжʧһΣӿͷ
ӦҲǼ죬ܵססҲͷһ̽ѭ켣ǵóһƬӰ
̽̾ӨһѹƷ֮ʱ۵ľ͵ճ֮ϡ
ԭӦ;һ
һ
ħĽ
ʶֻ֣ʱġ
ճͬʱףǻַ⵲Ĭʮ㡣
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ÿһֶԼѹ׵ı£ǱƵԶδܼõ
ʱŲúϼ֪Լôһ֣Ǵδ
Ҳδ뵽ʦʲôʱóôһֽһôĽС
ħߡ֮жδع
ģȻйأһ̣ף֪ԼΪʲôҪ̳һŪףһ̳֮󣬻᲻ãѭͷУôˡ
ÿһôһ̽˵ɱеģʵһţʵǱģĲʵ
ףֻʦԣСһֱΪԲõСʱ˾Ľ˵
ճɱһոմ̳ͱסЦһҲ⡣
ΪᵲסԼһҪʧˡ
˸á
书ֵԼ󶯸ɸꡣ
㿴˫Ϊʲôų˫
һгͻȻ⻪ܿתҶʯȫڶŽۣҹɢڿе¹⣬ҲƱһ˸⡣
ôһ̣Բ֮ڣֻܼϹâһţӰȫ
ɫСɫâһһ죬ȻͻɫĩƮ䡭
ףսֱ۶Ȼһȫһӹɫѣ岻ľɵۡһѪ
ɫֳ֣ӳյǸ߹޵ݣɫҰ
һ£ھˡ
纴һʦ𣡡
ţȴûʲô취ȫոոϵִ˰籵˫һʱѪӿȫѵʮֲþ
ʱҪճһҲû취
Ųúϼˣոճ嵽ǰͱճǵ⼤ɵֶ


899 绯꣨ϣ
ճս˸ƣһ̳һ˿ɱ
ŵϧ
ȴ޴ΣգһʹƺһֺҪĶҪȥ
һ֪Ǿɱ֮ʦ𵲲סԼͬס
ճǰźպŶܣֶֿ
ùȥȥ
һȴȫͬ
оųճƺû̫ڸС
һ̳ȥˣֺûд̳ȥֻİһơ
ɱ顣
ףӿޱ̧׿ãɫƺҪһۡ
û纵ȴ֪һ
Ž˾ӹ棬Ϊһ壬Ϊܵ
ܵס𣿻ɣ
һ̣ףڲòϣǰһʯ֮ŵ˫ͣʵ֮ϡ
Ͷ֮ǣԪΪʦش˺һϴʦǰȻûһòԶ
Сž١ΪԸʯ֮֮ذ󹥻û뵽Ҫڴ˴
ף֪ԼСʯ١ܲ˵ԷһעԼһȴǱˡ
ʱ̣ףĲԼĻҵɣͼΰԣ˵ɽ֮ʱġ
쳾ģģʧȥķУʦ
ȥ꣬Լʦףͷһ˿֮顣
ǵãʦ˵ĻҼ츳ģʺϰħ󷨵ĺӣܲʧһܻܿȱԸʮħߣʶ۷壬һһͳħš
ڶôһЩ꣬ףķ֣˶ʣĹ¼ŵ֮òʺԼϲŪһ̵ĿС
ƿر˵ζ˵Ķˡ
ʧȥģȴԶͣǰ
ʯ֮ƾͼƣѹƣڽʱգһһ
ھƴһûаĿ˵Է
纲ǶԵģôһЩˣԵУҪﵽĿģҲֻػأʵŮԭôۡ
һоɱ⣬ףɫӨ⣬һѹħͬĻɽңҫѤϼ⡭
ճˮ˿ףķӦʹ󺣸ɺԣ̩ɽҲı־
·Υ˿ռ䡢ʱɣٺܿ죬ʵȴɽ䴵磬ӱڵˮȻȻȤ
ŽƻнھĲ棬ףиоǰռ䶼ѲȻĩգһ̾޿ɱ
޿ɵֵ
ڊ޹⣬ΰأȴǱףûҪԴŮ֮ԼһЩޱ
֮Ը˴УΪ̫ǿΪС˳־Υ㡣
ҪΪһף˭֪˳ӦˣĪ֮ʵϣʲôʲô˳ôֵ
һ⣬Ψ
ΨĪ֮
ףƴûã
ۼףʯ١Ҫȫ汬ճȴǲܣսȶˣƽƳ
˭ܿóںԷƴпڹЧ֮˳ԷƴɱС
˽֣Ǳɱ
һĪĸӦ֪һ̳֮ʦӦԣı䲻˵Ľ֡
ΪһǼ򵥽ѳɴ˷صȫѹȡ
˫ĵơ
һ˿ʹ̾һβ˷мȥ
üʱü
һȣ
Ӱһǧһ֮ʣͻȻףǰͦŸոնǰƵĽ⡣
þꡢȵػʦһ
纸ܵǽ֮ϵĻϢûаֵֵ˼΢΢ͷĿԼ˵
һͣ
ףоѹͷĴʯͻȻʧһ亹ֱðɽ㼴Ӵѹ
ܻ˭أ
æ˵Ľ֪뷨֪㻹֣Ҫľʱ䡭̫Ƿ׷Ҳ̫٣ܽꡢȵرѪеƿ֣ܴ󡣡
ճϵɱʧüһ˿ƤЦ⣬Ȼһ԰ȡꡢϿȵأЩطµƿţҪ練ơ
Խ˵ԽţһعԴüɢ˵ٷԵ


900 绯꣨£
ճǱ纵Ļ˵ģ֣Լһ̳纳ڽ֮ǰȻеһ󲨶һֵ˼ľôһá
ôʵŮˣʹһɱʵ̫ϧˡ
һΣճʧִİİ״÷һʱʹ˺Щ죬ϡϧ
ѵ
ճһ䣬÷˪ȻתһӴľϴģԾϸ顣
ûӰ죬ȻΪɱŮʱԡ
ûĺۼصռ
Ԫ֮ûдûתĺۼڵѪתڼ֮Уû쳣
һɲǼ䣬ճ˺ܶ飬ȴûа㷢֣ȷֵ˼ȷǳԱģľõȷǲɱԷ
ǰᳰЦЩִݻʱɵɵķŹԼΪеŮӣû뵽Ҳס
ճսʣ΢΢Ц飬ҴӦˣΣ㡣
ѡ˴ӦΪ֮еĸо纵ʱȫģʵʦͽ뿴ף浱ֵϧһá
κöֵϧճš
㫑żʮʱŴҴҸϵĬĬĿ龰û˵
纵ͷķף³ȥֻһ仰ھ㣡
˵ݣһ˵顣
ճûɵϧֻôɫŮӾ˱ɵ̶֮Уʵڲʲô¡
ϧˣ䱾ˣκ
ɵȻȷʵûʲôǰ;ˣճ޲ðŮ׽סúõĽһΣ׺ú˵ĵ
ͻճʮĪ
Ҳ̯ܿôһʦ治֪˻ǲҡ
㫑ǰ̾Ϣ
纵ľͬ飬ףȻҲûжٺˡ
ɵ
ճ
Ҫ֪ף׷ɱ³ӵĸ֣Ȼû̫𣬵Ƽأǰţ޿ǲС
Ȼ˵ΪűƿصʵȼųУȻڵϣ³Ѵ̣ףĵˡ
ͲʹףݼڵĿŮôͬأ
ճʵ
սҲû˭˭ʷʱˣʱ๥Ҳûʲô˲ףǵˣȴûгޡ
㫑͵
Ŀ죬ճһۣ˵ҪôһˣΪŮ˵ֱܿóƺܲһ㣬շټȫΪãԺȫȡϱԭࡣ
˵˼䣬㫑ݵ´±Ҹ˵һ˽ԹȻҲ㲻ʲôһĳޣùȥ͹ȥɣ㲻÷ϣңף֣رò̫ࡣ
㫑˵Цǻ졣
ճóĻûаǿȫǷġ
㫑˴ңγܵ𡣡
ճǣ֣˵
ֻҪ㶦ԭ֮󣬱ټȫµܶܶóԵģҳԸС
㫑ÿ촽΢΢ں˵

ǳԻɫ
ճ¾ͷˣ㫑ﲢûвġ

㫑ʵûףȷʲôý֣˵£λΪ֮ŬӴȫ鸽ճΪҵ
Ϊõ˳˵ߣӴɽ֡
вʣʲôվҲûκ塣
ʯ١һȻûȫתЩȴǲġ
㫑Կóλ뿪ʱԼߣȫϢ鸡õĹƣ˶Ҫһ֮òָܻԭ״
ɱˡ
ǰƿһУ¼λӻ̳ѡԴ纾һճʼףѾҲûκʱ
纻Ļģλ
£ףº󷴻Ҳûá
ճһԿţֻҪҷ޳һλᣬǰ;ĴʦҲκΰ취Ӧԡ
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Ļģ˶֪ɵһʱڽˡ
⿪³ӱѨλճԿο˼䣬Ͳٹע¡
³е;쾴֮⣬ܿף֪ӴʱʼλµһʦıС
϶ȫȫΪԼĴǡ
ҲҷѾľһ֮ǣôһ󱦱ھУӵսҲһ㫑ȥŰɡ
㫑𿴶³ӱӲǱӣ۾۾Щĵġ
³Ƕ㫑˳
ֻҪˣʲôܾĻ˵ڡ
ҲһֱҪֲôЩĿǷֲԼµĴ¡
˵ףѾˡ
ǣм֣ռı¶׷ɱɰ֮ʱҲ纣ǵһնȥ˫־飬㫑ҲǶɴĻɵʱ̷紺绯꣬һá
һ˶˶µ̬ȣܻһ׼򣬲ʱȥˣһ̵ԭǵʲôԭҾǸù㫑Ҳͬأ
߱ȥڰߵ£ճﶸȻӹһ˿衣
ҾȻˣֶΡ
ԺһʹͻȻЦ
顢ԱɱΣǣڱкۼֻҪϸ꣬޴Ρ
ճ˷ѾԿ϶ΣʱǺץǰϸооô£
Ū£ҵΪм


901 һΣϣ
£ģ͸Ʋ㣬ƽ⣬ء
ɽҰķ͸ı飬΢΢ů⣬
ǰ¹һ꣬ĺϪ磬ľ̷ïɽдС
ȻȻգȫս£ѾⷽĵһЩѵõƽ͡
ԶɽתǴһ֧
ɽȥܿŴ·ߵǼӴĶ飬֮࣬·
˵֧ľʵ̫࣬һЩڵͨա
ֻѰʵͽͷ̽Եı΢ȣЩüжһЩ
˽ˣ֪ˣǰ£Ĵˡ
ˣٴ˵ƽݵתȻȻ
ȻҲûвʵײ֮ͽ˶Ѿˡ
ص䣬ճ֪һ㣬ִӵת񣬸ݲð
տʼʱ䣬ִеԾȻһ㣬Ҳûʲô
İҪʵ̫ߣֻҪһڳԵģܰĵ˳
ֻҪ¸֮߿ºһЩʱʲôģҲʲô˻
žڹȻ̵ģǸԼãʽ־ꡣ
ͬһʱ䣬ڶҲѾǰĵ·ϡ
ûгκαʣǱҲȫףȫ潻Ȩ纸ѵõʮϣûˣʲô
ֹ˳ޱȣճڣ־ȨٰԼš
üգ;ȫ֣ԭĳϺܹܸӶûʲô
ľճҴϵȫûʲôִм֡ӭʦĸо
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һɽȪϣˮ£һЦš
Ĵӿʱ̣ճȴھɽɽˮԶԶţǰš

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͸˵
Ծǳμʱǰ㣬һϮްۣ˫㣬һ˫΢΢¶ۣӨϸ壬͸Եջ
ɵɽСһŮӡ
ǰճǾķ֣ʱһȥŮӱø˼ɻΣȥˡ
վɽ±߼ĿԶˮѣ̴һ˿ײۣ֪ģ˷ؽѾĵһЩļ
ˣеأһС
ճͷ⣬ȴһЩʡ
ðĻҵøң
׻˵ֲЦˣ֪ʶȤ纣ճôҲС
ǷӣЩͲû֮ǰΨһǽݡ⡱
һ뾹ǿʼͷо񶼰ԼһԴµķԼȫвΥ
еһЩ㾡ȫ
ֵǣҲѵõʥˣ¾´֮У¾ʿɢ飬ҲûаΪ˳ʵ
ֱǷ˼
Ժӵǣ纾ڼŮһʱѧʱϷһĽξժ
ҪҪôѪ
һתۣɱģʽ任ΪӮģʽûǴĻֱЩˣ޵йҵһˡ
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ʮ죬ʿȨ׳ԥ³ǣġ
ʮգͨΧɱճӲ١
ʮգϿһ塣ʽ˫ţų˫
ʮգճıʹ˧˫϶Ϊһ
ٴţʱӦճٻ
˧ĻƿصĳͥţΪ˼̣ʤѲʱ
ʱһ²ճµ˫ռݽϰ赡
ֻЩ̣ԴʱգͿȫսϣ˳˷ָ
ЩǳҲûеֿЩؾƸ۱ˮһս֮ʱͻ᲻֪ĶԴ
ΪɭϣҲڰҹ˴򿪳ţȻ˫ͳֱ룬ӵأɵͬϷһ㡣

ȻһЦһƣƮ˹ճĸۣͷʵʵһֱɶżΪǿĵײȱٵֻܹǵǸһѡ
ָ
ԣһҲõĸ֣ڷ絲ĴЩףʦʧһ˱飬˵ܸ㷴һ¡
ŹʣŮ˵ʱչкܴĲ㣬ܵҸǿʸҲ̫ܶƫйգֻҪһͬʾͺá
˵ң
ճÿɷ
ԣϷؽ磬ԼãʵϣԴսʯ֮ףʦҲƵ֮ѳΪʵϵĽϵһˡ̸ѣǿֻԸ˶ۣ˱ʲôܵβʵںأ
˵У۲ӯӯ
һûԵײʵǿݣ˰ġ
ֲһ䣬ǡ
ճֹĴһŨŨУһֵĳ嶯ӿͷ
ҲѹƣһͰڻУо壬Ķҡ䣬͡

ˣġ
Ⱥɽͷ̨·ꡣ
ճľϸ߷壬̽һ컣侲
û쳣û˵ٻ
嵽飬ҸǺ޷һжѾⲻܣ
ûԵ޹ʵİҲûԵ޹ʵĺޣΪŮôܰԼɵķ׳ľΪһ󣿡


902 һΣ£
ܵŮ彿ճԽ㡣
ȫڣݷصһһεĲ׳󡭡
Բ˼ٶڼ
ɣֻҪٶȼΣԼͻﵽԲ׶ΣΪһʱ䡣
ҲҶˣʵȫӹš
ԣôȻɣõʲôͻʧȥʲô
ճŻлഺǿѹϲóʵĬĬ´оƬɨ裬ȼˣ
ܾûһУˣȻΪԷֲףȴǻԽġ
˷һûйϵŵ󣬺ܿͿֲ
ֻҪ嵽ô£˵ףſжϵóô¡
ճԺ⼱貨ǿδжԲι˻תһز˷ȥ
ճǰһӾ仯ǰδ䡣
˱Ķ
һ˫۾
Ե𣡡
÷˼˵һԵݣԵԵ粻
ճľȷǱӰˣϡһʧԡס
ڽɫȼյʱ򣬾Ϳһ˫Զӣʱⳤӵı˶ˣԼԼĹۿࡣ
˫۾üȻϲޱ۽΢̸Ӳ
оƬԲתӳճ֪ǰĹӰճֻǿһۣͷȻ
ǧͷ뷢⡣
ںܶݵһУԼ֮һſžӨ͸ͷͬĿÿһͷһӰ
ʱı࣬ãüļһɨĺ
Ӱһͷҫʱʱֺʣôȶ
ΪһɵۺȾͷϸϸ۲⣬ͷǵۺâ𽥱仯һ˫Į۾
纣׼ȷ˵ǳӱŮӲãԶ
û´ĻӦһ湦ϸ΢ĵı˵˼ֻӰţѹƣƫƫֶη޿ɷ̫С͹ֲñ˽ݹǽ
ۺϸ΢һؽṹɵճͷҪࡣ
ɲǼ䣬ճԺޱҫ£֮ǧͷã˵֧֮£תṹ
ʢ
ۺ潥ɫճͷһ׳Ȼˡ
糱ǵķۺϢȥ̶Ⱦ
ԲõԭӨɫͷſɫâȫ׳һȦ
ճƽ޲һޱȳʵĸоͷ
ͷٿ纣ֶԷһиǰûʲôͬԼȴ¼ɻɡ
һеĿ־δ֪
ȻճȻ羫ŮӵȷǲֵӵС
ȴ֪һǴΪͬ
˼жԴԱģã
纵ַٶҲ˺Ľ͡
ȷûʹʲôֶΣһжıҲ̸ճ˵Ҫ
ΪţͳΪ
Լ˳ȥ㲻һݴ
ʧô򵥡
ŮദǶѹ磬ѹ磬ʱΪԼռ˱ˣʵϻǳ˴
ʲôҲûһĹճ֪УֹܿϹŴֻǿϰߵıĹ⣬ҲǼǿ׳
仰˵Լı˻ʺճܲ
ɲʲôС¡
ͨ˵Ȣ˹Ȣ˻ʺȻǾϴйʣһ£ʵϣĲǰá
˵ˣֻ˵Ȳ˼ң͵бѹƵ׼
˾ǱѹɱķصȻҪһȣʹǴ˵еķٲ
ͨ˷ٲҲǱһ㣬ò̫һ㡣
߳ӿɾʹˣܿܶ˵;ȼҳɾˡ
ķû˭ǿȣһжǷġ
Լȫ˵ʱԼΰ󣬻ᱻԼж
ǲǺܿӣ

纰ԼֻôϵڱճȻɵɵľܾ
ֻҪΪһ壬ˡ
ճõĺôȻҲõһݡͬ˲һݣ칦Ӱ£ճܿæµһΪ˼ѡ
Ҳʯ֮ıڡ
ȫķ׸ΪŮʲôҪҲûУھһּʯ֮ýѡ
ûѹ±ģԼ˼άϢת䣬ţصϺС
ҲǸˣȻ֪Լ⣬ȴ˿켣֮вµԼ˴Ⱥիļơ
һбҵħŴãɲɱֻĸɮ£ּֽ
ʯ֪֮ôƾ֣ҲûճֵƣֻóķӣԶ
ȻԼòԼǲ䣬ͨӭת
˵ħ󷨣Եħħ֣ǱԵſԴѹеķԡ



903 ȡϣ
úȻܾˡ
ܲסħֵķޣӶȥʯ֮ȻӱɻΣ֮ѳһһħ˼άȴʱʱִճ˾ˣȴҲòȥ
˼άԼƾУ˭Ҳѹ˭
ⲻܲ˵һֺܱҵ顣
ĵľǴȺի֮ءŮľǴϹŮŮŹĪ֮
ʱǺεơ
纣ʲô
ճͻȻ˫һâʵֻЩ档
纾Բ֪Լϵ˶ô
оԼľͬˮϴһձøøʵޡ
ÿһϸ΢ĽڵԾǨ
ܸоϸķ뱬ը
ÿһ˿УƿģŮÿһ˿¶ȣÿһֲ򱯻ϲԹҲûаܡ
ƿߵӦ̬
Բ֪֪ңġ

ϹŮŮ˵ƵŮǧõʱЩŹ˵кô
űӣߺߵ˵Ľճһ
ǰޱһּ泩ĸ֮Уȴȹǳ
ֶ֪ԣƩ磬رԣбס
Ҳµû纵Ĺ֮ҵΪǣѵ粻ĵزʱſƿԲ߸׼ȷ˵ܳ׹Լ鳬Ϊ硣
׳˶٣ճ벻ףΪûв
ֻ֪龳ʱ֮ھƿԲϢĳɾͣǽ˺һҲûܡ
ֻ߻ͿһԾɡ
˵ŮϹŴŮڵҲಶ׽ӰϢ֪١ʱ֮Уƺ¡
ճʵ֮Ȼ֪١
Լ˫۾һ˿־֣֮ȷżǿص
ƵĪ󹦵£Ϲ˵ˣʵΪǣӦ˶зչȥܾܿһܡȴֻŮǧõĴ˵ǱˣȫŮȻĻô綼ŮУƵȴȻˣֻǴڹϼ֮أݲ
뵽ճһ
ƻʵǴգҺԼ緢֣Ȼ﷭˴
ճ˿ͷ֪һʮˡ
ҷҲһЩУоƬſɴӦɹ˿ӡ
ϵоƬʲô·ʵĽҲһɳʱѾԿһ˿ΰԾһտǣû֮⣬̺ѳ󡣡
Ҳ˵оƬ˻Ϊн񣬲ƿʱգ֮ѳԶߣʵ֮
ֹãеǴ˵еķȴҲʵ˵ⶫһߣȥٿأ;ԲʲôᷨеԶˡ
ѵδõϣ
ճһᣬְоƬ׿Ϣȫ벻׵ġ

ͻȻһƺһּ䲻õ鷢
̧ͷĴɫѩס
ճЦţ纾Ҳ̾ŮˣŮ֮
ף͵÷֮ԶŮ˼ɻ䣬Ϊȫֻ֪Ҫ湦͵
ͨûʵҪЩһ
Ƿţȫ̷˵ĹȻݲ˿档
ڹСûгɾ֮ʱҲνȵĳ׶Σѡ·ʱ鷳ʹˡ
Ʃ˷ҹ˻ùλ֮ʱ˵ҪңڣβԺĺָ࣬ɣֻ֤ˡʱ򲻵жɣҲɡ
Ҿȥ߶תҲᱻӡ
һ
๦ÿǷݣӡǹ룬ǡǡɵǣŮľŮʵҲһ֡
ȻȺҲһ̺Ŵܵһ˿־Ҫͱϡ
ǹ๦Űš
֮Բ£ֻϹŴ̫ңԶͨ˻ʮпܶᴥǸ棬Ҳޣʵû̫˼ɡ
ʵĺôȴǾǰֻҪıܳɣõĺôԺķա
ճϰĳֻǵͳмɬҪأͷ𣬷ûΣա
ܵ˵ϹŴܹӻص
Щճո׵ġ
֮Ըоһļ£ΪȻԼʶŮͼ˫۾Ϣıˣ˳ӱһӰԶͣѲΣǰ
ճ۾ڹʶֻѱ磬֪ںδ
ֻԼƺʧȥʲôֵõʲô
ǰЩʱյıȻ٣Ҳ벻
ʱǰ˾׽ˣֵȫʱ־ԼĪ֮Уȫǡ
ɫʹ࣬һ˿ճ֪ʱŮһĸı䡣
ǹɷۺϢڴɫһ繥Ըġ
Ӳ㣬νһҼһнȼճ֮𡣡
ճʱǲطЪϢ
˻ϧ纻һڣüë΢΢𣬾ﲻԣͷϸûֲס
ճȻһЦᱧŮ壬һƣƮɽȥ
Ҫȴûʲôȥת纡
쳤ؾõǱĬʵ̫಻ɲ⣬˱ʾͲ̫á
˴ʱϹŮٷҲϢ纡
齻գô̶һ˲ѾĵˣԼȫ̷ˣҰֻΣ
뵽ճĵĳЩ亹ʱȴֻܾ࣬ʤʵ



904 ȡ£
̶ʼ³жʱ޻սҡܽůȴ
ʱˮ
תǵڶ죬һ˿ס
ױԣЦ绨һ˿˵Ľ֮
ü۽ǵɽ֮ʱѾȥӰҫ֮£ҫһ⡣
΢΢ĲʸУϵŨŨϲ⡣
٣ҵħѾͻʮ˲㣬Բˣʦԭƭҵģ˵ʲô뱣ִ֮Զôʵȫôһ¡
罿Ļ𿣬תһ˿˿Ŷҡ
ճƽﲻóƺˣ㫑һƺɣ˶ĿҲǼӵıʾԼԼˡ
齣˸̾Ϣһֻʵ뵡ѹʫдӴ˾糯
纵ϵļͣ˵˿Ůر߶ˣճΪȼսɫȫУҲսٻغϣʱȫתϣӴ
纵ɫʱճǽȥܿܶаԥ
纵ɻճҲͣͲħͻƣ˫޵Ĺ͡
ν˫ޣʵҲҪʸģҪһ壬ͬģȫȻſƿء
ǾͲ˫ޣǵĲɲˡ
ãͬķ棬纵ı֮ճΨһŷٴʲô谭
ƿط棬ճԲ糬Ϊôԣ纱ȫʲô
ֹѭת֮纱һ˿©ꡣ
ħͬΪĴ󱦵֮һʵͬһεĹƷҲ·
Ȼǲƪħ󷨣֪ǰ·ôͻƣЩȴѲճѾ߹ĵ·
ͬУֱԾħʮ˲ƿףܴﵽĳɾͣȡɵΪӴɻ䣬˵ֻǶ֮ǶҲûʲô󰭡
ճ֣纵ĹľͳۻҲˮǴߣÿһ˹ת֮£ʵ͸ǿһ֡
ҾȻԵ纵Ůðɡ
ճһգһֽâ֣ܿݣĻɴȫƮ衣
ľƮ˹ᾪһͱĻڣʵ̫
㻹춼ˡ纲ͷճй£ѱһֻСè
ʿ֮ʿ俪ʼ
Ļãͻǰݼ
ճڨڨһЦ΢ֻʧʧˣˣûз֣ԼĹʽ˱仯
֣ԭĳص㣬һΣȻԶħã֮ܵ׾١
Щɻ˹ֻ֣Ӷһ˿ױ̨
Ǳᱻ˿ӹˡһͷֳΡ
ѽ
纾һδȥԼӣȻվԭأȷʵ٣˿ҾȻҲˡ
ȻȻýʮ
ϲ⣬ͣµֵԼ⣬ʵͬ
ճһĻͷϲõͬʱҲϹŴ˼룬ֻǽŮģʽһͻ˶ôЩ粥¹޺ɳͽ˵Ǻܣܵõô
ͽȫᣬͽҲᣬǶ죬Ҳ鸽¹ȥѲ֪ǿʲôزˣ
Ȼ˲˾Ͱ˼룬ЩˡЩ̫Զˣȴǲض롣
ճһ纵ʵʱʵʵףҪǿֱͻͽ
ԾۣҲﵽ춥壬ħս棬ףԲ컹Ҫһ򣬵ҲԼơ
ħص㣬ǿ󣬹ɽؾ͹ټճʣ˿ǿǣԪ
ף纵Ķ֡
ﵽزճкЩƻͿԿչˡ
ǰķȴѲعǡ
纣Ըȥմ죬Ҫ˲ȱϯ
ǣ
˵£ָ̻ӰɫתͳԷ
ճ˼һᣬϸȨƣ˳ȥ
µǱҲô
ѣһˣ£Ҫһˡ

󣬾ĳ˷ȥЩ˶
ճѾʱֻ֣´˼
һƿصľȫӵء
иּжķֿǿͽն׻ƻв١
Գ֣˭ֵܵ
̿Ϳ·ɵǿЩ˾Ӫ꣬ս֮ϻɲ̫ô͸ɱ߷жȴǵ
ճѾõȫ֮󣬽ϵؽεȷѪꡣ


905 ָϣ
̿Ϳ·֮󣬾㫑ж
޶ϤԱڴҾ񣬴ɢѡԱӻ߽ʵ
һ㫑ɵüá
ϴ֮ʣµľȫ֧㫑˵ճԼˡ
Щ˲ҳϣֻҪеѧͿԴá
ңһ³ЭƹܾезС齨칥е
λīų棬ճµľʿֱװݡ
ǮͶȥʵһǿʢ
ճˣֻҪٹʱ⣬µľܴﵽ࣬˸سǷ⣬սҲܴﵽʮϡ
Щʱսʱǹ
׼㣬ѵϿᣬ˻ȱһЩ֮⣬ټĽ֮أ³
纴ѪƵƵݱϴƬҲһͳʱҲ߸ڽĴսΪ£񼽨¾սΣһͳָտɴ
ܴ͹飬ٸĳͥļƴ˸ܾˣ˫˿ڣһʱû˼˫ĻֻĿճ׳
η㣬شƫԶΪһҲǴ
Ͼӳѣַ걩ɽ·УԳٻʧȻ
ֻѡĬĬȴʱ
ֻҪ˫Ļܼ̣쵶Ҳ޷ճв
⼸ʱ˲ϱߵ飬ֻǲһЩֿ⣬ϱһͳʱ
һЩСֶΣôϾǺܴճҲ⣬ֻͷչ׼бϡ
ΪʱѾˡ
ȺիʦlӴʱʽפΪѡȡͺ赣ҡ
ʱҲ֦ҲȻ֪һжҪֻͻ𣬾
Թռԭߣһ㶼ܶȡ¡
ɱͳڣͳߺѡ
ڱֻһЩܾۼɲʲô¡
ûдҴ֧֣ûͽ׷棬վһЩ
ճ˫ĻȻݱҲܡ񼽨µ̫ࡣ
ֻҪȵڳһĶҲ㲻ʲôĸ󻼡
̾䣬Ӽ֡
һܼսʧ֮󣬾ռ۹أ
ңĻɱ֮ԪĶ¬ӵԽΪۣȨ֣ʮֺߵͳ·ӣȻܵļɻ䡣
Ⱥիѡͺ赵̨ѡҲΪ·Ԥͼı
ֻҪһ룬ӢۣŸ֣ټħһЩӢȫӿ˵һ䣬ʮҲǶס
ĽǣҪǹŶϻƿأʵϱôֻȵҳٳ£ǳֿɵá
ԴȺիΪķţǵ̺ܼҲЧֻҪƳɹȫ֪Ҷ飬ܷȫ֧֡
ټǰһսȡʤľ޴֮£ɽʿũȻȻΪǼӢ
顣
׾پͻþ޴ˣӢͶԽԽǿϯ£һͳڡ
ˣȡʤȺի
ճ£б֮Щϲ̨ˡ
ģʷϣ·磬Ҳѹֱӡ
ճһ㣬֪˴ξɶԷⷢӡ
ɹĲйģǼƻġ
Ժܳһʱ䣬ΪУòӼ֡
ʵԼƵı仯ĺ뻵νֻ֪ʱģܿͿԷ̡
ȫ¶ΪӣΪһԽڣԼżġ
֪Ǽһ󻹴ͻˣĳΪɺΣ
жҵ·ֻȥ
ΰճ㹻ĵ
ʲôĿԲ⣬ȴɣԼںһ㣬±֮ȴںġ
ĸȫι鸽ӣҿľӪͻͬɳϳǱֻҪи紵ݶͻȻʱһ磿
ԣЩʲô
ǲöԷγϯ֮ƣô赾Ͳܲˡ
У̽˲ŵҲӽˣҪιƽµĴš
ճһͳϵؽ֮󣬾ݷֻһͰ
۳λŮֻҪһ֮˹ģίΣӾµ񣬴Ӻڵũɣ˫Ļȫá
һԸյ˲ţǵз˲ţҰ˲ţͬȫĻ
֮ԺƵ̸سԼ佭ϵҸ߹ٿܣʷŹ˺ܣܼΣΣȫгǿдĻ
˲ЧҲð죬ڲԼ壿
嶼ںǵļСأðҲںԼأĮӣЧĻıߣô˾ͱ֤۹ⲻãôʶʱҲֻȫնˡ
ճȥͳ˴֣˫ĺ׺ϼһѪȱͷ
ճȴʾ⡣
Щ£޸һķǸˡ
ΨһɵĻǷֻҲһĴˣ㲻ʲôܡ
ЩˣʣµľշİɳƺӰᡢ˪ɡ󽭻ˣЩ˲ƿ˽ϸǿоƿˮ·
ճԳѹ֮£аɲʣµĻ϶һЩ֮ʿˡ
Щ˵ο֪
Բܺþˡ
Ҫǣճһ³ħɣʥŮ
ЩУν˵ö֮аħҪϴ׶
ȻһϱȽ׵ǿٵ˧
ЩһЩ־ײʿɺģߵ£װգˣҲӲһͷ
Щҵճ˫Ļܺ͹¡
ⶫ˵ҪҲҪʵУô¼һһĭ㡣
ʵǿȵʼʻҪŰҲû˸˵֡
˶ԱĽ۾̵ĵɷǡ



906 ָ£
³ţһ̴ֻĵĴ;ǡֱ
ûж֣羢ֻа˸ֵػ࣬ڷվñֱеһ֪ЩȫӲʽ
˶֪书߲׵ҪȲȣֻҪһĴ֣չ黹Ҫһһʽƴɱ
̲ȣʽʮ־ӲƴһоվˤˣôҲ㲻Ϻ֡
վڴϣһ㣬ƱվƽϻҪȽ
һ߶֪ȫһ֪ʵѿɳƵ϶⡣
ٽһڸڿɣųһ
ңֻҪϸģԷ֣Ȼվɿ壬ȴ棬һ壬ڳһս֮
ƣɲò˲²⴬˭

ǰһؿźɫƤ׵ľȡã鴬ֻ
̴˴˴͹ԹԵͣ´ýɷѾͽɷѣŶӵȺţÿ̬Ϊɡ
һԷֵĴ±æĨһϵĺˮЦŶԵһģ˵ˣףӵӺʹһ̨ݣǰ˰УĻƺûдôԵء
ȻպֻǶҴûɫˣԶ˺͵ײջǼŴģϰûע⣬Ľϵؽ磬ǰЩȴǺˣ·޶ǣơ֮м̫ƽ˫պкˣ
ʿӼΪԺ˵
ԱһλźݵĴصİ÷£һ죬ȴǲмλȻ˫Ļ֮ãôҲҪأȥѰǰ̣ɵˣûбûĺţﶼһ
ߣĳ治־֮⣿Ϊ˲ĸִԣҲǺѷңλȻ˺ʿӣ֪˾ܱȵطչʿӰȻɨӣЩߣԱߵϰҲɫΣ֪ԼĻ̫㣬ͬеͬ鶼ˡ
תͷЦŽ͵ϰ壬ûб˵˼֪˵ûУ˫Ļպǳʵɣ̸Ҫռݸλ͵óԼı£ɫĳɼ򣬾Ҵ󷧣˵ãͲá
һ˿֮ɫֵּȻû̫̣С游״ѧ£Ը׵ʮ־ͨ˴ξҪΪǧｭϻһͼΪ֮ס
˼ףʲѧδһȣóȻǰȥĻͶûʲôɼǰšȼ֮ĴǧｭɽͼΪñ׼
£Ȼ۹⼫Ϊ
λ˴ҲȻʿɵðͷ
ĵ²ʳţܻͶעǳ֮
ͰĽĻ˫պܵºʿ֮ģ֮ģҲûʶϣ
ټҰǨϵ£ɵúúÿˣҲæע
ϰͷ΢Ц˼ĥ䣬ͼһӰˮһˡ
ĸߴʿװ峤Ӱ鶯ѸݣֻˮľƼ㼸£͵Լϡ
㳾
ϰ󾪣ΪˮҪȣȴʿһҾЦʵ֪ϴкָ̣
׳ѱȴһḷ̌϶ѵҶһѰС
־ϳԳ£Ը˳˳ˮǰаǽսתɴµϧʹ沢ǻ¡
׳˵꣬һЦֱ΢΢һëƮƮķʿӣġ
ãȻ̧ͷͼ׳ӥԾ𣬵ˮиľ֮ϣֻصԶһҺ۵ĺڴ֮ϡ
ǺڴһֱδͣϿԼŻλͬװĴվĿбӣŹؿȥ
˰źڴƣæÿ
лϣ
ʿ񼤶̣ҾΪл
ڴ֮һЦת˲ȥԶˡ
˹ˣԵ޹ӣǮɵɡǰĺˣȽе
סڣ»ԣӿڳϰ񾪺æ
ҲܶɫΣֻϲЦصֹӻδˣϵģǿϲɺذ
ͬϲͬϲҹϰӦҲû˱ϵ˼ھǰԶͣЪ£˵ˣսǵȵϢپֹ
á
˱ʿӣֱλҲԼϰ嵱ںǳ⣬²̨Ҫŭ
תţҧмеİСЩ죬սһͻȻȫһɸ
ޡ˫񽣣պС


907 Ҹϣ
ܾһƬ̧ȥǺڴ׷ǻһӰӣȥԶˡ
պϣҪˣλ˴Ҵҽɹ·˰ҲҶۣ
ʿӣСǰԵá
;̿ͣʱȫԴɳ
ңϢ֮󣬶̶̰Ӳ˼ʮͶ׷棬ԸβǷࡣ
Щʱ򣬲˵Ļܸܿıһ˵һĪˡ

һ·ؽУĽ洬ֻҰżţˮᡢˮ
ճڴУббƤձϣһֱһʾ˵ڡ
һź죬ķǰϣճЦС䣬㻹һݺǰ;ĹɣͲʺ㡣
ϺӱΧ׷½أһ磬ۼҪ˴ܿ䡣
ССǰֱ㶢̣ͻȻһ⣬̧ͷճ˫ˮģû޳ߺߵͰ۸ˣһҲ˼ҡ
ճЦСίˣЩ̣͵úãҵĲԣҪһ̣֡
Ҫã˵ˣ¹ƽķҾҪӮҲù󡣡

ճСǸӣƫƫúܣƾˮƽҪӮԼʵ̫ˡ
Ѿͷֳһ㣬üѾ˼ģǡСɲ¶ǡʱ
ȻСŮһŮѾСճ̺ˡ
㫑߳䵱̣ҲһЩ纵˼
˶ȻΪ˴ʱȴҲеŮ˵Сۡ
Сѧ岻ɣһϺõӡ
õʦ⻰û
μճ磬ǱĬ֮£СѾͷԽŨŨϲʮ꣬ȴ˻ɽŽʽϰŮʮŽоҪ
ͳʽʵΪҪ
ճϸߣϣԺȡøһЩĳɾͣҪûԼ츳̵ҲΪġ
ԣѾͷȻǸС㣬ģһ书ʵ㲻
װϵİ˸ִҪǿһ㡣
۹磬ΪСҲ˶۷壬Ͼ潣ЩӺܿܲĶ֡

꣡
СˣԱһٵСѾͷ̲סЦԵС㲻ǻ㹫壬Σ
ȥȥӣұңǻᵯҲûʲô˲ҪǱȽ
˵Żᵯûʲô˲𣬵СѾͷ£ü㬣ȻǾõЩ˲ġ
黭Ҵӵܵı޹ΣǸʿΪҲСΪʲô϶սϾԵˡ
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ӣ筺ۣ¶еֱֻۣڻѹΰɽ΢΢ЩΡ
һüбЩЩġ
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ճУ㫑غ󷽣纼ܾȶط˶ѲֻɳԼ֣ͽ̸棬ҲӦ֮⡣
һﵽǳʲôģøСĸţƵġ
С͵͵ĿӣҹǰһۣòջĿ⡣
ճСѾͷôС;Ѿˣɵ΢΢ЩͷۣȽӣѧħ̣ɱ˽ʺȶС磬ҷˡ
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С̵ӣüʾ˴ǰſճϣżֱۡ
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⴫Ӧͣ´һᣬһ
ճϵüװ壬ͼһѪĺʿ񱼣ԶԶţͷɿڵүܽ콫ǰ򽭣뽭־ս񱻱ǰϷʣƲ
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Ļ֮ȸ߸ھҲǿ֮ĩֻԵȴͻջ񣬿ڱԣῴƵģп϶ű˵һʹŮӰһǸˣҲֻСӴʹС
ϻ˵ˣפ򽭵˧ռݾƣһҰս֮УǧɱΪ棬͵Ϯ֮£˴ܿ䣬ֻ÷ɢͻΧ
غϷʣȴɽ֣ʱ׷ɱ
뱨ɱ֮ˡ


908 Ҹ£
˫ĶԹճ֪֮꣬µΪʲôĻ
šԡ˰ʮ֮һ죬ԭռȵء
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ֻҪ׷øԶһ㣬ղٲβӦƲӶӲʱƵе
Щԭ˹죬óȺսսӡףҪȫ߽ȴǺܼѣǵЩͷɾ裬ȴѾȫ
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괽Ѫгһ㣬һ㣬²ʮֹ죬ľһ鶯켣
֪ԼΪʲôҪɽߣֻѭָƺ˴
ڳ˿ǰܾѶɢвС
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˽֮Ա׷üӣΪ֮˸
ͷַ޽һƬ˪ףξݣ͸ѪɫâӰԼԼһͷӰ˻š
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ĵط׷֮ʱȫ赲ľݣ˻Ծ֮緢ҰǣҧסɶΡ
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ٲͬĵط˼鶯߻ֱᷢڣʱͼ֮йбؾȴֱ˵׼ĵġ
Ҫʵ̫ȴǴֵˡ
ԭղѱͻʽʱƵôϢѣԼҲѹƣ棬ʱʵսڴðգ
ﰵޣâ𣬺ߣЩں֮ڣҲұҲ·ͷתܽ£ǾԡۡʽҶδѧɡ
һ䣬ͻȻϯؾǰϸ˿ĵƣΪӿȵѪɫ籩
ּСҰݱɾһͱѳ
Ӱڿת˸λһۻ뵶âȺɣ˷˹ȥ



909 棨ϣ
жϲںηȻо
ʮƵ֮ˡ׹ǿǣʱҲѪڣٲλʦӲӲƴ
׶ζʵ񣬻٣ټս鼫ΪḻʵӦѡ
ѹǣȫһԵֵɷ֮⹥飬ͬĮԭҹ˼ֱȺ˻ҧһ˫ɭϢʼճѹͷ
ѹӰ쵽ս˾·磬Ȼ֪Բ־֮γɵѹƣĵοΣˡ
ܹʮ꣬ȻҰܵӰʵ½ʵҲǿȻδɳĺֵܹ֮ܵսʮغϣӳ·ԶѾܲˡ
ճһЩȴҲΪ⡣
Ȼֳǿʵδ
ҵЩˣΪǣļ޵ٵȵȿ¶Цݣһʦ

΢΢з˫ۣѾγУֻ˫鴹гһԲһ赡
ϸĽ˷䣬Ϻ£˵һһѪ
ֹ֪ʽ࣬Ӳɴʱȴǲò
ּճ״Զ¾Ž⡰Ƽʽ
˵ϰ֮ʱ֪ʲôĿճΪʦҲ˵еֻǲιй
С赡ԳΪصð˷粻
һСط桱̺а˷Ա뵶ʵҲʮ־޴
֮󣬰ʽƣײʹá
ʱȻһ㣬ȫ⵲⣬Ȼŷ֮
ʽû·磬Ĺȴࡣ
ıϵĹȫǽƣ⡣
˵ĻᣬŲһбб𣬾ҪС
ţľͳȥֻǱƵӲƴ˼Уıӵɢվ淽סȥ·
⼸ĵӣ书ǲϲ٣ôҲܵһʽ
ǳıѾﵽһڣձճһնɱְϷ溮Ҳ˶٣ڲԭҲǴ
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ͷȥֻһֱֱ̳ɱ֮УЩԭΪ׷ɱԵʣʱܵϡϡ䣬Ȼ赲ֺ
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һֻżԮȣôĵӣͲҰһ򾡣ļСҲǷһҲס
ԽԽԶ೤ϢеıŰƺһ¾ʧĮȻԶɱˣ翴ŷţ
һ̣ȻȫȻں±ˣ²ڻ
ʱ仯ıоһȫ˷ܡ
ʦԴӱս֮һֱŲȱʱڼɱԭĺֿ֣Ҫɱ֮ڳɹֲȱ©ǻԲսҲûлһܱ
˫΢΢ſӵ̫һҫˮӳź⣬ƽڵ꣬ܽСű䡿Ҿͷһ·
ѪɫϢǣѹòҶۣıӼˡ
Ѫɫһ˫΢΢³ݵ֮С
ֳͷѪʵ

꣡
гһӨ⣬һ˴նǰһλս
˰˰Ŵֱ߳ɱ;սƬ£ɿȴûа㿪ġ
ѾԶԶ걻һѪɫϢѹƣƽ糯ĳϢʱ΢֮ͬʱϨ
и̣Ҿ׷ĺҲҪղ
ٰݣ۾Ѫ졭
ӵо֮ɱԴͲ̫ףʱԮǲ
챯Хһ۽Ѿ⣬֪˴׶༪ˣɵʮʹǰϣҺö˶˵򽭣ۿҪѴ֮ĴȫʤΪʲôҪŮԣһҪնɱĻΪﱨ𣿡
ǿԶֹᱻѰᣬ˴˴δܡ
Ϊʲôԭ½վ棬İĺ֮벻̫
ֻǿѪ󒁵꣬˫鴹Ѫû˷֮
Цųʤ׷⡣
һ紵߾޶˶˵ĳһӰһֱվ΢΢Ц
ʦôˣ
ͻȻϲÿҪը


910 棨£
ڿٵӡ֮УԼλʦߵߡ
ۼаʯ֮ǵȲ˼ĸֱʦܣףҲ˽
շӥٴ󣬻ܴùа󲻳ɣ
ϲ䣬ߴ٣ɢɱ£Ҿξܷһѡ
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۵˭ȫ߹
һʱٸнӦǣʦ
𳤵âէ𣬸ȣҳɱ
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˰һ壬һߣԿΪʸǰͻ
޼᲻ݵĵ£ÿһιö֮ʵ飬ϯ
С֣ڲ֮ѽȵｫֲʱ졣
ǰ׷ɱǱͻ¾ʱҲǹ£ɱ
һʱս˻սŨҴ

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ǰͻȻһ٣ײһ̳ǽ󵯷ɡ
תţҷƮȻأ˫ǰ죬ޱأ˻ʵ
ңǴԭųƸոַӥɣԴС׷ɱͽҲδ̫Ҫ˰ɣ
ߣ㽣˫Ҳͽף١СɱҶζܷŹǡ
ճһ걳ϣһĴԪˮ㷺ֱ롣걾Ϣ˥΢԰ѩɫܿͱúۿɼٶȺָܿ
תۼ䣬ƾȥ߰˰ˡ
귭Ҫݵ
ճһͷЦض񣬴ΪʦλԭˣȥúôŪ˾棿
Ӧ˺һ˿߲ѡ
Գһֱ˳˳ˮ̶̲һ֮˼񣬺ų˧Ǿп֣ȫһ˫ĻȻȻӣĵȴǲΪ⣬Ϊʦ̫
˹Ҫͻ죬һּǿУǸǷâ¶ûһððȻͲ˼Ρ
˴α˷޴Ĵ˹

ճսͽɫ粻ڳ̬ӿҪǰ˻ȴ־Щס
ιѹͷ꣬ѹֱѪ
оԴƬռȫһסˡ
ԼƺһһĪѹʹѹͷǧ˲ڡ
ϤǴԱ֮ʱˡ
Է֮ʣĮɳȫ룬ֻܼһִմ׹˿ģݡ
һսֻǵУ˱һС֡ȫҪԷ٣֮Ķӣٲһͷԡ
ʱգȸ֣ܲԶԡ
ԣ֮ǴεĸоҪѹƬɽ֡ݵأÿһ˿΢磬ÿһƬƣȫڶƿ֮СҾ֮࣬һĪҪҴ˷Ĩ
Ŀ񺰣Ҳ
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ճϧҡͷ
˵ЩһֱԾɫûе׳־Ȼ飬ԷǻȻԲȴѶǱҪٴֲ֪Ҫ϶پ
·һˣʵϧ̾
ԺоƬתű䡿⣬ҲŶ֡
أѴ˷Ϊѹסʦͽ
ֻоͬסܣıӡȫϸϸѪ飬䣬˵ˡ
ΪһʦҾٸһᣬֻҪͶӴЧңͷ㱱飬Σ
ճͳ˵£սԲȫ
Щһʱᣬսġ
ƸʢаܱԽսԽ£ʤ

վŲˮݶӣ˳ʱֻվûйĵҪɱɣ
ճȻŭӿҫ䣬ͻȻƬطλŸӰ㴫ݵһӥ
紹͸Ŀĺ顣
һӰȻ£⣬һ˵ĲҺ׳
һֻۿĺ࣬һֱΕ߿գʱ˱ҲЭͬƴһ
ãܺã֮Ӣۣ֮ܣòԭ㲻㣬פԭͼıнҲԼ
ճһһӥ˻ƣĿƽ޲н΢΢߾٣ȫѪ̰
ӰŴα仯֮ǣԪһֻ޴Ѫǣճӹ
絶˺ѳһڿӡ
Ŵ˾ճҲɵð̾ûֵ˼
ȻշǾֻնɱˣ˵ĺʲôǡ
˫ն
ˡһʣһɵĺ⸦һʣʹâ
ϡľͬһ̫âֱ
ХŵӰһն䡭


911 Īǰϣ
ŽɫնƿԲʮ֮ڷӿһӴѹ̩ɽѹ㡰¡¡ŵѹ
ⲻǽ⣬ɽ塭
һ֮࿹䱯εξҪ˵ճǰ̾һϣӫӫⱻâһգ࣡һͬӰȾǼµһֻۿӥƬƬѪһ˲ͳϸѿڣ˫ĿѪᣬŭһߣҪͷ
仰ȴǶԼļ˵ˡ
źȺڣХһͻȻʹ֣Ѫ죬ͷͷ­͵ľţʵͷճȻҧ䡣
Ϊ棬
ű֮ٴ棬ȫѪȼҲҪǰԣͷųճ˸ǰȴһƣɫӰճꡣ
Բ˫ĿֱĿţ֪ôҲ˲ճ͸ĻĿ꣬ϣҲܱһޣö˫Ҳѹһ
ô㣬һ𣿿ϧЩ
ճһĳһصǰһ͵ͷ֮ϣһɫС
˻ͷһ嵽࣬һţ뺣ûмֲһȥ
ܡ
Ժиոתͷǰһڣüľʹʲô֪ˡ
ӳͳı˿ûͷӰĳһɫӹգʱռ䣬һ͵ǰԺֻüÿ족
ȻͿͷ­ѣͷȻأһЩѹ˼Сݡ
ǰ׳־ʱȥҲֻͬ΢΢
ıӡıһʧɢӡ
ȫһǣճԪ˺һӡ
ǴʱĻʲô˼ľֻ޵ȣͷҲصĵͷ뿪˲ûͷ࿴һۡ
ľȻԭأĶҡþòƽϢճƴһѾԽΣȫܴ֮󴥶
ڳĵݣֻǰͬԼС䣬һʱԡ
ȥ׷û˵նݲ紵𣿡
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Ŷǣʦ
ѩһͼӰѾܵԶˡ
ʱѾõòˣ㿰սһ΢΢أͬһ㣬ųıķ׷ȥ
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ټһǽն֮±ʬǲȫڵ֪ʤѶֻǴ±Χ׷½أһնɱӵС
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ģս֮ϾȣɽҰĿ쳹ƣֻҪҼϵģͻӭپЩ޶־һļæԾսڵ򽵣ȥЩҲʲôӲӣͶõѡ
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ˣŸͻƵһ磬һ֮Ҳ˵ӣܿͻᱱԭ˫ɡ
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ϳ鶯һ£æЦ˵Щֺá
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뵽ִ˸
ſټ˹æͷȥ̿ˡ
ٰݼʦ𣡡
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˰ݷڵأ֡
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һսֻʣ򲻵Ļ־ˣٱ;ɱʧһ
⻹ʲôľǣճøϵʮа˾žͻ浱
֮£ǰȥ˵Ҳᱻͬͽܣնɱɰֱߡ
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ճĿģðɣȴûжŭ⡣
˵սʧʵ֪ԭġ
˴ǰؼԸʵжǿԸжӣ칬һȫ׽
ԭĹ켣ʵҲûʲô󰭣ţ˳˳ˮ
ٴĴ£ҲоյĶɹõô
Ϊʲôһλ㸲֮Σأ


912 Īǰ£
ճ˿Ϊͽ֮һ֮ѹϵؽ磬ÿ춼ܼԼ
ɫ֮ͬڽɫܼ֮һ׳ɫıԷˡ
˷˴ﵽĽ񣬴תӦľ֮ڵžܺųˣԼ棬ѾԽס
ȻδɫʵǷͬСɣѹķ
жһ㣬Ҫһ㣬ճ˽಻Ǳ𴦵˫ЧԲŻջ
ȻĻһͳϵؽ磬ҲѸ٣һһεɰת죬ɺתɽת࣬ٵû굽ʮʱ⡣
ȥʱԵ֮ʱܻƹϲ˶ˡ
ʱһ㣬ɵľͳɾһҵ
˱Ϊӣ˱ӻõôʵϣҲһЩ
ճӽǿȥ˫ɫ֮ˣʱѱɵɫʻɫʧ֮էࡣ
һ£˫ûʲô˫ڲΪ֪½ˣãȻ˺
ΨһЩõǣһԼѰͻԲ˶ߣ֮Σ
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뵽ճɽԼµӣϵġ˵촸ȫ˴ףٵÿ
˵ôڴ˷˷ˣζ˹鸽ǡ˵ˣ쾳磬ڶŷƵøӲҳţ˲˵ﵽƣŪһɫһһص׾١
ֵǣûС
˵ɽִߣǲǲδüسأҲѹɽ˶꣬δ߼췴·ӣΪ֪ôԶܳɹرԴķǵ¡֮
ԣΨһģһ֮Ūһʦʦ֮λҪĶ˳Ȼͻƾ磬ﵽĿģ͸桢һػǰֱ˵
ⷽ־Ϊʲôأ
ճüͷϸϸ˼ųأ֪ԼΨһĲͬԺ֮ЯŵоƬ
ƿʱգˣȻҲαװ֮ӡ
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ֻǻ˻֣ֳֳǹվǰ
һ˾Ҳٶ˵ƽദĬ״ʱʲôתۼͰڳһ󣬰м䡣
ΪŻ֡
Ҫȡˡ

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ǰֻһˣƺռ䡣
һǫصķȻҵľ磬õؾֻּ֮ϧߴ·
ճ棬ϧ˵
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ôֻһս

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ȻԾգ˻
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923 ɱȻϣ
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924 ɱȻ£
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Ƽ㸲ѪҪǮһĿ£ɢҵϢȴһ½
ʦѿѾ˵ĵŴʦȻվȽŸȴۺʧ䣬Ҳվסˣ죬ЩεתӹԾͷ
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927 δѣϣ
Ц̸䣬ɫճվԸС䡢ӣңǰȫټ
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֪Ӵ˴δ棬ƻ˴ȺիıΪǴڵĵ˷ţؽǾͻˣϽĴǷ˫ĻȻҲС
ӣ˵ɱڣƺʱҥǰ
飬ͦġճЦЦͷתͷС䣬ЩƵӣ֪СѾͷ̱ѹƣʱǲģͰοС䣬ɲҪ͵úԺҿɻÿأ
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Ļһгһ£һɵķ̽糤Ц۾ˡ
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ټճҲģӦԪ裬Ѿǰ·ȶ˵һͻͻơ
ѵ˼߸ʺ䣿
һ㣬ճЩ벻ףΪСˣһжģʵǿʵ
С츳ƾЩһֱԼݣҲðú
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ӣҵͷЩʧӣ΢΢촽㹴ԼظżڵʶĲ䶯š
ճúЦپСŮվСŮҪġ
ӣңģߵǴ̿·ӣЩʱҲǽСͻһ纴ħ׹
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ƥʰ񣬶̶һʱ׼ͣӺųׯ԰Э³Ƕȥ

үдܣ
ϹٷϢҴҵ˹
Ǹϵ̫ûʲôȴʮ־壬ͷðȺ


928 δѣ£
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κβԼпܴ֣𲻵ʲôãһ˻õġ
ĹУĳЩ˾ӵĻǾԶճȻ᷸
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Ī˵Ϲ˱͹ճ£Ǳ޹ϸ𣬱ҲûжͶ
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ճ˵꣬תȥ

ӰڳĻʧϹ˲̧ͷһۣһЩ䡣
˿Լ˵ı΢ʵЩѿ
ܵ󱻺ˮʪղŵĶԻϹأԴ˸һֱָоԼشòԣǲǻԼһĸо̫ˡ
һʲôá˼ǼˣϹ־øոյѿʵҲ㲻ʲô
֣үʲô˼ΪҪ˵ϵƫƫֲδŭʲôΣָһ
ٷվһֱĬԣ̾Ϲ֣ǰ°ɣȴүٻ˵𣿿꣬һ꣬ʱõǵĵط

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ǸϺѧһѧƲϵ͵ˣ



929 Ծɣϣ
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Ϲٷһۣﲻ̾磬ѹֶԷƿ̻ᣬÿźӣԼһ㣬ʵʵλһ㡣
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ӰӰ´µӰӳĵô˵ظľ
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˫ôˣϵϣҲɵȥȺիĴӪȥģǰиˡ
ˣճƶԼСֶΣԷܷ
٣뿪·ϣʦѲ֪һ㡣

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ҹֻǱܣճտʼڰ֮ʱﻹγоֻúɽ£ΡһᣬԼʮ͸о΢΢Щƣ룬ҹ紵ĵһ˿⡣
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תһЩҵͷûǻȥǼǰһɽ£ͼǰɫ䡣
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һʥׯϵճ


930 Ծɣ£
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ˣصûܰܽۼҾ뵽ǾȻ᲼ӭʽСʦѣȻϵһ
Ϊ壬ӦӷͬˮھӳһУճֻǵӡۼͨͭſڣȻӰ١
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ճ̧ȥм̨֮ϣһ¥¥ҰãбŴִԲľײһ˶ͭŽ⣬졣
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ȡɣճҲ⣬һɽƮȥһᣬͻعɽ֮ϡ

ع壬һᣬϸϢһ˫ۣһ¾񣬷»ָԲųһ
ΪʣȲҹ̫Զ̫ãֿܵˡ֮ȱ࣬ѹֲŴҲʢҲֻŷ෨֣ܶһ档ϧǣЩҶᡣ
Թʵս֮ճֱ̾ߣԼףѭ̽ĵ·ֱɽ롣

֮ͭУдһͭڽëʨߴԱ߻ҩʦȺӵ𡣲ܽΣǡ
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ƽ̨һ裬湩ŵĲǸƷʱϹһ̴ľУиǶһӡҫ֮£Ե󻪹
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ʹһǶѲ۾κĪǳֲСġ
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˿ƶˣֻЦЦƽʦѾԼƤСŮ
޵Ǳտ֮Ϊǿѵ޿״ĵزӯԽ͸ʦÿһ˼©
ˡʦѵֺʲһٲԣʹӲų˵
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ʦûˣ֪ܿóȻ֪ʲôԭ򣬵Ժȴ־ڱصãԺȻڶ࣬˿մʦҲʮҲܳԸ
ˣͲҪҪˡֻҪΪ˳ϷȺףԺж̫ɹãǷܽƾͼƣԣǵĵĴĽ÷ֱ֣뿪
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ֻһȥʦѾ翴ǿգһɺƴоӡͷ
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ɢ¸ĴʥɮȻľĿ˭֪˴ѡжԤı
Ϊʳˡݵͷ΢Цһ˿Ī֮⡣



931 ʯϣ
ʦʧ䣬оֻʱľıѡԭȴһϷԼȥȥĽǣЩУͲ̫Ҫ
ҲһУˣϷƫƫδɹɷǶˡ
ΪһӣȺիիѡˣóʦۣţʦʵҲߡ
ЩʦʦƽĽмӣҲԵޱȣȻȫеļƻ
ǶʵҲǶעĶλоǲֵһ
ô˵Ǽ٣˫Ϲ棬ˣ߷شҲǼı
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ǵǣЩȫ棬˫Ľﲻͼı赣Ǿ˳ƶ¡뷢ȻҲܲȴǸãʡȴ鷳ȥŴ󻼡
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֪ΪʦΪҪĽѣҲΪֻһ齭Ϸȫô󶯸ɸɡ㣬˥΢
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ⲻˣһֱȻ
ݿǰʦѲ԰׵һЩͷ
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ʦȻ̧ͷԼ֪ʦȼ仰֮Ѿ߸ζӳ£һʱԡ

ڴʱɽԺһӳɽо֮ͻȻ߰˹
˫ɽˣ
ʦһĨﷱ˼ɫսУüһԾԾԡ
ˣ
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Է죬ľȷĹӴϢͻȻ֣ӲԶéݴ´¿ƹľɽȥ
Ĵʥɮһԣ¾ŵĽҶֻ֣ͭӰ죬˿մʦԺɮھ֮ʱһٳϵһʱ̣ǳǰܣӭĶ޵
ʦһӿ˫ĿԣǿһС
ԺͻȻһ˫󺣰ӣһŽķ񳤽ʱɺһ˵ʱӦҲʤհɡ
һʦһоƿصЦݣ֪ΪΣһ˿

ʱ٣ħƻãƼٻ档
ճѾȡɣǿӲᣬҲͲᾲԺʲộͷ޷ಫѡ
ͬһ㣬һ鵭Ӱӹ¥̨ͤ㾭һӴɮɢġ
ħļת֮õһ۷壬һ
λеУӰտʼֻͬһ֮ʱͿʼֻ
˿˻ȴֻ鵭ӰԺſڵͭֻǼգۼ䣬ǼʮӰҲֲһ棬һǼ١
ȲµĴֻһ˲ͱ˴͸ȫ𲻵á
ƭӾƭ飬Ī˵ͨɮڣ浱棬Ҳ÷Ϻôһ׽סճڡ
ճп粽ֱͭĿս֮֮ţͼǰ֮ǷӨӨ׹赣ֻҰţֻһ顣
еķɮڵȥ޺ۣճǰһ͸оǰԵǿգ¼š
һֺ嫲󣬲ԶӳͷĪĸжճȻµĳ嶯
Ȼʯǣ飬
ճ̾ѣ;巢硣


932 ʯ£
üıԺӰ飬ѹøִΧ˴ռխ׽
ճһѶ壬һӰ֮£ֻ鷳ҡ
ˮʱƺޱȳšһۻƴھ֮ĴҴܣȫָӡ
ѹǣ֫ٺ飬һɱɭϢֱ裬˼άñƽǻ֡
ţȴ
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һоеƿظУʧ١
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ǻһطֻҪΣͿƽϢ飬ѹ·ɴʱڵлţȴǲɡ
һ𣺡ƶɮ˱Ĵ󻤷֮ף𻤱֮ʩ;֪ŵʩ뿪
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ΪʴȺճѡ뿪һ棬ǿɾʹˡ
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˷磬˼μΪִ֮ʱһʱһײȫǧȫʯ
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ƶɮ̰ʩԲӣٷﱦڤڤɷ˾ʩִᣬ´ͷ
һȣͷ֮棬һɨ
ħȣƽ䵶
ճ鷺⣬Ҳ˶ֹʲôЩɱ֣ް˿飬սɱ˵ľʿɱʢ
һ䣬ȴҲ϶ͣѡһ̴ľиѾ£ͬӿĺͻȻһ٣Ӱ졣
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ճЦһгֻһԪһУڻƽһһǿ֡
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硭
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糱˿ʧصһɲͭҲץòסճ֮ϣεɶҵ˼ֽѪ
ճϸһۣ㴩ţ㳡ĸɮķħӰռڵǰ
ֻɨһ۵˿գɮ֮оɱճɽӰŭȵ׷ˡ


934 ݺȥ£
ʦѵͷߣµɽͼһƬ͡ľԺûзׯ֮⡣
ĴһЩɮ˼ҴҺšŭţ֯һӶɮ׼ɽЩɥԭǱѹ־顣
ʵú󷽣ƳȳͭʱŶλɮ˷ס˿գŵһſľʬ壬Ĭˡ
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͵ɷʴ˰ףԺԴˣʦ˵㣬ˣҲ̵֪кε뷨
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ʦɫΪȻüëһ͸ͽ˼ЦЦ˵ҪǣĴʥɮ֮ԳʥΪǱ˿ǿ󣬶ΪǺɲħݲ࣬أ֪ʲô𣿡
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ճޱվԭأĺоŻһ٣ڤ粻飬ʵǸ
Ц󿪷ţнħֶΣʩһ·ߺá
׺ʲСӷ𣡡
˷ʶ֮Ľɫ˱٣ַȻ£ܿŭԪչڷ֮ϣϳ£ȫֻúը졭

˫ˣ
䳤һָףЦ
˻⣬ϲϧа˵˺ѿҪϣճҲɵðľ
ֹԼǣԪԵһʱħסռ䣬ȴӦ˿Ԫ
ûаңЦ
Ǹ˵̫ˣ
ճסصֺȻɿѡһ죬һӨʲ䡣
Ϊƽǣڻҫ˸Ŀʡ
漸ŷ֮ӳ
죬


937 ƾϣ
ź起ŵ䳾¶ڿ֮Уһ۲ٶķɢԲʮ֮ɾ
¡¡࣬λӰһ㡰࣡һƬƬӰ
ԪҲ鲻ɾ󷨣Ӹֱ߽⣬ޱߵĹճ֮ʱֻǻһ磬ķ˿΢΢Щɢҡ
ǿΪԲĴʦֿˣĴʥɮٴҲûƿţĽףֺεºܿ⣿
һ̣ճЦĺܵ⡣
ôң
Է书ģ
ʹһ֣
Ĵʥɮƺһҡš
ͻıʣȫңͷʹѣֽŲ
ʧصͬʱλɮôҲ벻Լĺ赾ӵԼ
ʱվԶɽ֮ϵݣԲĵһ˫ۣƤֱӿһɲ顣
ʦѾһʦϵˣĽƾΪ֮ͭڴ鲻ȫʵĴʥɮס
Ժճݴûճᷴڼ
һä㡣
ȺիĴʥɮֻΪ˫ܹɢľʦֵıȻܹǣԪκεطΪйԪӳ֮£˿ɵ
ˣҲڴ¼ıȾǷϵԷĴʦ磬Ԫ
ôһֻһ۷塢òǿ֣ͨʲôʸ÷żɵ
޷Ǿһֻϰˡ
õѣѡ
뵽Ƶģ˾ϣļƣʵǿηɲ
ݡʦѶվɽϣҲֻĿţȴǲԾŴ죬ƺû뵽˱ʡ
Ӱһ˿ײ裬Ҳ˲ȴûж⡣
תսķݺ˫ֻͣǵƾѹˣҲƲвʸʦΪݾ壬ΪӪ
һ˲䣬ĴʥɮȣҴܵĵڣճЦһͻȻˡ
Ťһ£Ӳȳֻӡ֮аεԾ𣬰չΣԾǱԨ
һɲǾʹ󼸷֣Եʮֽ׳ͣѪȫⵯ֮䣬һÿ졣
ͻأǰ˵ͬʱڵһȣͬըѣ硱вȳһӣɽ𣬵΢΢ҡţһֻϹţط䡣
ûûṦҲûֻǸָС͵վĵԡ
ƻֱ࣬һĻߣϺ߼ŽƷХС
Բƣ絶
ճʱó˿ڹĹսֱ꣬ɱ
Ųִٺ֮У͹˲αƣʱҲ𲻵ʲôþˡ
ͷӿһɼΣУǿѹͷ壬·˫۽ббмܡ
ţֻҪһаʽ˾ͻΧȻ˳赵ʮӰ췶Χ½ħ󷨣˵ɱе£Աݡ
Ϻо飬ﻹ֪ԼѾм֣
˫ȻҴֵķΪʦƣУֱಫȻİգҲʮжǣճȭŴķҲûаġ
ˡһ죬Ų⵲ڿմÿ΢΢
ԷƵƮƮģʵ飬Сһһ۾󴸣ȴѵͷ
ģʱţͷ֮ŭһȴֱһһȻѹȫ׻ùֿŴ󿪣ճһȭڶš
žһ죬źͷ­ϰ㣬ñһƬѪͷ˼Σ͵ڵأϢ
ţ
֡
ļ˺ոճڣȴɱˣ⻯Ϊһ磬âӨӨ⣬ȻˣͻֻһӾ͵ԡ
⣬âֱϹۣ˶ûףΪ˫ó⣬Ϳһƣأնֱۣͬʱն˼ɮͷ­
Ʊң׺ס

ݱһ˼Σʦæס
ɫҰܣ˵ˣˣʲô书ƿ赵ѹƣ˶òƫá
ǣ֮Уעܵõ𰸣û˼ѹȴѹƲѪ
ճ䣬ոնϼʥɮͷ­ֽˣǹ鶯ȸҪϾɱ
ǻۡ˼ƲͼˣԺʱճɱ˵ͬʱ˳߰ԶۿҪ˳赵Ӱ췶ΧҲ¶һ˿ϲɫ
ոշͼӳһȷ˵ǰɱ̹ǣ׹ѡ
ɱߣ˺ɱ֮¸Īˣӷ𣡡
ǻϺƽͣһƣһɾڵĺ󱳣ԶԶ˳ȥׯϣоģӥιΪȱ
ֱƽʱͣ˼־
УǻɮŤϺڣȫͳֻһգۼ䣬һⱬѡ
һȦѪѪɽ֮УԲɵһȥӡ
ƾ󷨣
ճһ䣬߷һ㣬ͻѪըɵ
Ծ΢ңѪȴǸǱ䡣
Ȼǻ㣬ʥɮ֮ΪóԱ֮𣿡


938 ƾ£
һΪλӰ¶硢Ӧǹۣ
˫ֺʮ𣬿ɽըѤá̻Ѫ䣬һֱӿͷ
˫ãȻֻһͷں졣
ˣѵΣˣ
ԶԶţͷһЩڣûɽԮȵĳ嶯
ӺϣӰλʥɮʱ򣬾ѴȥŬıҪ
ʦ֮ɫȴƽǵɫӰħɣ֪ΪΣȻһ˿η
ҪԸ

߱ǻϺһƣɳɣڵһģͷһͼȻѪ졣
ʹԺһ֣
־㣬ʱҲɵң»ָ
һɹɷܼӿҪͷƴֻǿһӰһĳˮͷսȫ
Ȼˣͱˡ
ճһŵļҴɥ֮ȮӰ΢΢һƲ
˵ȺիǴŵľ֧ĴʥɮǸڣԺ˿յȺɳŻǿ֡
ѲУ٣ʤ׷ƵŴˣԺֻۡ
˵ĴʥɮɱȻѪѪɱɸɾ
ճڼ֮ˣ԰ƽͣȻܺãһʡ¾ʡ£һ¶ˡ
˿԰ڼȴȻ᲻ϧһˡ
ֿ֣ն㣬׷ɱңñ׷ɱ׼ɡ
ƾķţЯĹһʩչѪɣҲױȡ
ǻϺһʣһϿ޵ķȫȻ޲ȫûֺ·ճƲæ󳷣Ϊ̫ȴҲԶøɾ
һ廯֣ٽٲĥĵزһըѪͷѣϢ
˵˳ˣ͸ͣϢˣŵһҲû̫ν
ճԸ£ƽԵˣë֮󣬾ͻ᲻һУɱ졣
붼û룬ǿѹڷڵѪ¼ȵóŵ߷򣬽׷ᡣ
ͷҲһأֻǿߡ
֪ȫֻǱܵԺӶȥоֻӵɽϣһ
ǣ׷ɽ֮ʱͬģתһˣȻʹСͨͨɽԽ磬ʱһˣͷˡ
˺赵Ӱ췶Χǻָʮ꾫ޱȣ׷ɫӰȴħƻãɽԪӿΪԷʹһ鵭ӰӣƮƮ͵ǰ
һΣǰɽҪ֡
ԭڸտʼ׷֮ʱδʹȫֻǲƴɱѡóȫԼ˾׷һһҹҲ׷õ
򣬳̾һתԣͼѡ
ֳȣɫȻ˱ľ
ʩʩйͷ񣬽һȡ
һӦսֳ˴ʮǿǣһֻŻȾӰǵذ㵱ѹ¡
ǣ˻׹ʮ˲̲סԲԻ˼
⻹ˣϷһƳγεĹâ¶ɮļƽͣȫȻûһ˿һּӲǿ㲻ϡ
ǵһھʮɵķ񹦽޵ôɣ֮пȸ̬令Чãѱ˻ơ
Ȼû޵Σڴ˷һһĻ񹦣ɢְҲԻƣҲĴʥɮܹµıǮ֮һ
ճӰ⻤ȴЦˣϺе࣬ǰҵռ˸ˣƽһսҪɱˣǼѡֻһ˽᲻ܵסң
Ʈ֣Ӱ֮ڡ
೤ƾ˵ڲӡ֮ת˼תѾָ
ʱ㡣
Ԫ糱ճгԽԽһѹطܣֱָüġ
һ
߿ȣΪľʽͽħȫȻûãԽԽĶ־һʧ
Ͻ͵ƣɢ
ԷûֻƣѾƣһɾӿͷ
ʮȣȻ̾һſ׳ɫΪصزʶϲ
ľ䣬ҲճӰһգΪһȡ
žһ죬ǾŻ˵һת֮ϡ
һɾ޴Ԫķճͣŵ߿ѪڵصĬȻΣſ˵ϺȴûնĴȱҲӦ
̧ͷֱçç֣˰ɽƸӰȻһЦȫ
˶෽ƣҧţ˵ˬǾǼٻˣʱɱߣĻ֮£ȥкճȲ
ʦӣիɱ䣬ǿθ룿ܲΪӵ
ճ׾һ˭ǿţ죬һóĿ⻶ȻʲôܱȵϺ赣
ɽݿ͵ڵصĴʥɮһʹ̲ס
ʦãȻԡ

Ŷڽӵ֮£һ˳ǣǰߺȵ׷Զȥʱܻת赾ǰܷŹ


939 ˺һϣ
죬ִȨڵջκһ־µҰļҶܷŹ㾯Ҳ״ʮΣգ̲ס
ʱڣֶ˶֪˭˺̾ͳʸ֮У˵ŲҪȴܳʵķһ˿ϣҲԸŹ
ӰҲųǣȴΪӡǿȰˣòð׷ɱߣòþͻתʱεֿ
ߣ棬θνƣĽɱ˵ģҲƼأѾ㲻ض˵ˡ
ȣ񱼣ӿʱչֳڸֵıʡ
ǰԶǼǷ赣Ͼ

ӰȰ˵޹ŭ˾Ǻˣƽװģƺ˹ؼʱվĲ˲Ǳԣͺ۾һ鷳ˣŪʦҵϡ
Ӱ飬ȴҲ޷롣
ϵɽʹߣֻнȨȴûָȨ
ΪһԱ־£ôӰ졣
˵ǺʵûʱҴ󷧶кѪҡȫˣȴһ㲻һĵط
ǺˣĸǺˣ֧䣬ĸ´׵֧ļ޺ǿӣ˸ա
ʱͳ˥ضΪѪͳͳΣʱʱľͿɼӥ۰Ƥĸߴ׳ҲͲԵôۡ
ӰʦִᣬΪˣ˽֣ȴǶ̵ʶ
֪Ǵʿһףеʵǵʲá
赵ǰ˾޴棬䵱һУ˭ĻҲȥġ
Ӱһ䣬»УȴǲٸƮӰ±ã⡣
ǵôԴϵһСɣƭ˵ߡ

ǰһɷԲĴ״ӶһȻѹһƽ羵ݲббϣɢ߹Ĺ
һȥ鶼ҪˣǰʰȡȴҴܣͷγԺէ
ƺһ˳ʮɿ⣬ǰճΪæбʿǰʰȡװС
ⷽ赵ϢճҪ˽öࡣ
֪糱ϫǳ䳱Ӱ޴书Խ߾ԽӰ죬ʱͻƽ󣬷߶弫в棬Ӱ쵽Լٶȼӿ죬ѵõ
ңⶫʮ֮ڣǲǷһЩ׹֮˺ԶƳһЩþа֡
ñȺիƳѡҵ˵Ҿ飬
ɫ̴ľУ״Цسͨ£㴫ķҪ˶֪ͥͳ

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һɤͻȻбĶߣºУȴз䣬ɱֱ̹衣
ҫıԵһӰʵֻ۾һѾǰ
ִһתϢϴӴֻ߶ӿԪ糱Ѷ𲻶
ס䣡
Ȼ̧ͷͼһӣͷһһǿѹԼѹƥһ΢䣬ǲظ
ͷ󺧣æ
߻ô˫һ˹վʲôˣΪʲôûˣѵǰܵǼ󣿻е߸ûƴԲö
Ϊ˽ĴʥɮǿսŻ޹˼ɵĳʱǿ˵ճھ
һһ沦תͷҪ
˫¾ʦֻɵӲŻƴһж仹еġ
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һαãͻȻĵӰķ̣һӦٵıȴǻʵĹӰ͵ǰ
⡭
һâӹɿռ䣬һӹոյתͷͷ­
λ۵ĴŻͷӳյһ糽ǵĽ⡣
ͷ­һᣬԵ£Ϣ
ҴɱˣOǣϡ
һԱ׵Ľ״ŭһǹҪǰ塣

ꡱһ죬ս˻ţ⽫˴һǹĶ룬һ仰û˵꣬˵ڵء
ȴճ°֮ϣù̴ľУѺ起뻳У˳ȡµʤϳǹһӣǹżХǽкĴһǹ
ܱʿոձѪ֪ͣ롣
ֻһˣұ£Ϊ˱𡣡
һԱߺȣѧˣԶԶڱ
ճһЦȡϵ񹭣Ҳңһһ
ˡһ뵹ء
ڱ󻩣Ҳû˭ܿƵס˷ɢ
ΧڽԣЩҲǲˣпڣ±ɱϡ
ոճԱ󽫶ڼҲһ˺࣬ͬʱ
һ
壬˭һòͷ
ճִ֣ؽʣЦ˭Ϊ䱨𣬾ǰ
ŰŻУܾɫĬԣԾľóһ

ӰԶԶ˿ȥòײųþ󣬻ȥӰƺ˹
һٲͷԾʹããҹɫֱֶȥȻٻسǡ
µʦ֪ƱͣҪ赲˫ϣɵӡ


940 ˺һ£
ճУֱӽǣֱܾӰҺĹһɳѹȴռͷþòɢȥ
ͷҲĿɿڴûٸҺ
ǰ֮ԶǱǽû˻᲻ϧԼ
ǾٹªţҲ֪ԼԵʲô
¾ʦҲˣĺ˻ǽʮ죬ǲ̫Զ
񿪿ΧɱĻ˵ܱܲԼǱסܷ֣Ƚϱٱϣǻֵ˺ô
˵Чҵ˶ѾûˣʱٱģȡľͲǰ;·

ǽһǣĬĬų龰˷ܵĹâ
һ׳ףһ֣һźϹ᳤̻ٷ顣
ճ뿪ﲻãǾо춯Ҳǰ
ΪھһЩûʲôѵľ˳ǽüճɱķѹǧ龰
оͬʱϲõҪը˿
˶һۣ߿ע⣬æųȥһ֡
ϹС֣үһȡǣôھһǣʽƺ׼ˣ
֪λϾ۸ǿĲڵһ£ͷԡ
̻Ὺȫǣǧ֮У۵Ĳ޿ײ
ĳһ˵Ĵ仹Ҫ㣬ƾȻǻۡ
Ϲ֣ү˾ٴ⣬νһһν֮ǰ£ɱ䣬ףǰɱУķȻãȴʧ֮ȻʱЩ˲ҷȴת䣬ЩԹ˵ġ
ΣϹ⣬˴ʱ񲻿ϧ
㣬Ϲ֣үûշռ˳Ǿƻôչ
ٷһЦʵ
ȻȨ˭Ҳ˭ԽΪܣᷴˣʧȥΪ֮ˣԱȾָĽ޷ǾԽȡʸȴ޷ѹȫǣռʤһ顣
ϹڴͻȻ۾һ˵ǵĻˣ֮£̻ƫ˭Ǿ޴ʤơ
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㰡㣬үڳأ㶼ʲôΣʲôܣΪ¾ʦʮΪԮ˭Һ᲻һЩĻͶ˵᲻˵һ벻֣վЩλϣô
ҪסԼٻȻֻͶܱнϹȻͷ
ԣսսս޺պ֮үȫȡָտɴңǳѾУż𣿡
ٷһ˿֮⡣
ǰѾȥշñͶȵķģ˳ϳүȻ
һЦ㣬ҲССĻһ֮ȻЩǰ棬ȴǲϷĲźá
̻ᣬʱҪȫ淢ƣĳһ̡
ףүƾƼפǿǰȥ
ٷһ¹ڣԲһǰȥϹһЦҲæȥʱ̬ȺҪ

ת෴ķȥɫ
ʦѸ󣬲һԡ
ѡжǳǰµ׼ǳȫ
ӴԺ˺䴫ľͲǷ飬ᴫĽѹķ
ĵǣһսʶ֮˶֪Ŵʱĺɽûгһȵʵϵľ޴ʧɽܵġ
ٴ֯жҲϣһЦ֮
ıȻΣȴΪ
ѣĽҪͷһգҪŻԸ𣿡
ŲɳɳУʦͻȻʦĻ
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ǻ˼ȻȥιϻǷ±ġʯ֮¡ԼΪһ˿Ļ
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һ˵ĲҸŵĳʢ˥ǼΪȷһ
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ǴȺիĴͳ
ÿɫĴ˱Ůľɲù
ѡ¾ɫŮľķӢܡ
ԭʦΪˣֻλʦ㡢ʦϷȴûϵһ֮ݵĿ䵽λӡիϡ

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Ϸһ־ƲˣճӳһǮǰ̨֮ϣ˵ϻȴΪˡ
ӰɽսǲۣȴЩˣùڴס£о赡
νӴճѾԿ϶ⱦԼﵽ˺һľż


941 һ⣨ϣ
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Ѽ䣬һŭ⣺Ǯ̩лүͣȥ׼
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ճȻʧЦ֪¥̻˻ֵ޷÷ɣ·Ը
ǣүٷϹϲɫɵĸ¥

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ؼǣճǣû˭ҶƣһŴ࣬˭ûȷճ֮ǰеŬɳǣް㰲ȫС
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ճԸ˱˲Ҫ֮󣬾ȡ˺赡
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֪ȫǻҲȥᡣ
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оƬ̲صӴѾˣǣź赱ˡ
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˴һʵ˵ֻҪһزͻɻȡһУ·϶񵽽ӡ
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ſڵϣϴķ򹧾ͷ起Ķ֪ЩҲԼͬٶͷȻͬʱЩȡ
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ۻƴʱڳ⣬ʱȴѵƾ¥ĳ֮ϣٶ֮죬զࡣ
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ճôԵ޹ʾȥˣҵĿǰһ̻ǵˡ

ͻȻգϬӥϢã纣
˫չչᣬֻһ˾͵ճǰ
Ԫӿһ˷˽м伯ж˵ճǰ֮ʱԪ񳱾ͱͬɫĺˮ
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ƮݵΣ΢΢һپͷģɵİڶͷǰ
һӴѹֱֱѹ飬оķԪҲʹԼʽޱȿЦ
ǰ֮ؾκιΪǴ治
硭һ졣
ߴѹùڵأ̧ͷãȻɫ԰ף۵һ³һѪ



943 ƶϣ
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һзʪ⣬ճϻɵһ˿˿ϣﰲֻʮֻнշ
Ҿȫ㣬ߵһǰ;
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ճٶƽǴͬǰһֻǹͣȴˡ
Ű£ճֱƳǶֱɽ֣һΣΪһˣ˵ΪһԼ
վһ߶ȣѾһɲ䣬¾Ϊá


945 Ƹƣϣ
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һѹֵĻУѡһƺǵӱˣְ
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㣬ɽһЩҰˣζǱһζ˺һƣ΢;Żƻϼã˭Ҳ붯
ճɽ羫Ůӣüһȣϧ
ɽ紵ߴһƬƣʯ诲ӡ
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ҪŪˡ
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ʱִŮӶЩͬϰһҲԸıԼۺΪʽΪǶԵľͻȥգ񳿡
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ԶصԼϲ֮顣
ЩĪȴȻȻҪɽ˺ģҲҪ˴̽
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946 Ƹƣ£
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ʯ֮üĲɣװ׷ճҲ΢΢̾ϢΪʯ֮һ˿顣
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ת䣬ճ˶Է뷨
ʯ֮ԼŮҲž޴ĿǷɡ
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ǺһŮˣҲǾ½˷ħģȴƫƫûһ˻а
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ճȤ͵͵λʥӣϸζŸȤȷλʵ⡣
Ȼˣ۲һ˹ȥ˵ȻӲ˳ں쳾֮УҾͽһ칬ס棬һɾ㿴ɺã
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˵ͼæŴȥŲЩңôôǲ̶ֻӡ
˼ˣʲôãһ̣ճЩмȺիˡ
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ΪĻһһǹսԾǿɾʹˣû˴Խߵݡ

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ΨһֵðοǣķԭҲֻŶռˣбͿɡ

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ɽһǣһ伫Ϊķ֮УһӪգӪҺˮȥ¶һò⣬΢΢Щ԰׵ӡ
ճſ۾ŷ污һ㳾ңһתչ΢Ц
Ȼִֻȥ²ȴѹ꣬ׯεׯܣֲʵˣ˵棬ҲǼ٣صൽʲôأ
ʰ꣬ճվ壬֪ͨԼˣЩҲжˡ
ŶܵԺһӲ꣬ճЩϲɫһ
ִԭҲѹƣѹֹഫ½ɽ׶ξŷҲź绯˵껯Ϊ֮ڴҲѾˣòѰ·ȽҲˣ
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ǣĿգֻǰͶ뵽ãã̫֮У֪뵽ĸطʧĸ䣿
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ЩҴˣδ֪Ļ־壬ͶɽǴﵽ߾磬ҲҳԲһδ֪ǰ̡
һЩ˻ꡢ˰Ĵš
ҲȥֻǴԼĵ̣ԸٺľҲҪøԶһ㡣
ֻǿﵽĽжΣȴƵ껹ҪһЩͶӰҲֻˡ
˵ͶӰҲãҲգʵֻЯĶٶѡ
ճΪڸԱȡþƣԻˣȻϧʧ߷㻨һƬҶˣѴƬҶ˻ƬҶӵľ磬Ǹ˵ǰȫʵ
صִһȻŶǱȴѾӲһѾˡ
ף
ճȻ̧ͷתĸӦһ󲨶ңԶĴǱߣҲһѹ
ͬУִᾹȻֻһͻ˲ɽȫûн͵ϢӰӣ̫һﲻٵϢˣʥ⡣
ճͣ½Ųϸԣ׹˽֮ǰõϢ˵½̻һ񸸴ﵽܸߵľ硣
ڿֻǺܸ߶ѡ
ϢǵĶˣ֣˺һ
ڿʥ顣


951 ־Զϣ
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棬ͨ峿ûʲô𣬵ϸĵ˾ܷ֣ʵɭϣȴΪͬ
ͣűװ˾ĴѲߣȻ
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˹ȴӦˡ
Ѳһͨ񸸣һĺ´̣ԲҲֻԼԤʾŽ̻Ӵٲͬ
˵ҵģиġ
˹УһĪĲӹˣλʹͻȻһ𣬸оһůͷ𣬻Ұܵݱú
ҲмһЩˣ彡˶ᾫϲã޴кͳɾ͸ӿͷģͬá
˱仯ɫԳ羴
˹΢΢һЦ۾ЩͬܿһЩϸ΢İɫ޵еЩһ˿˿һƣһƬ
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˹࣬ƻδʼֻ˸ͷͷԭվ۷ĲֻԼһˣִôҲܽܣȴҲֻܽܡ
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Ȼ֪ΪʥĴʲôܣʥ˲ϢǧСΧǣԪ̽ȡ
פһʱ䣬ҲҪ£ġ
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ԼЩȫˡ
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ϣ˹ķһƬžǰվʮȫͷˮĿẈ֪̂ʲô顣
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ڻѾͻ졣
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ȫҲµûĻ˵һ£أڴڱɣԼƻʱδ
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˹üģ֪µǲķģЩ˼˶Լ뷨Ǻ£Ҳǻ¡
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λ߷¶Ūףнֻǿơ
˵ЩҲĴϢܽΣ󶼻ֺαأ
˫ճѾͻƽʥˡ
±ף˵ʥĽʿٽһͿԳΪ˴ʸ֡
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ݡ
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˵ʵڣ½Ѿ㹻ǷչˣֻٹһЩ꣬չٶһЩҲԿңԶ飬ֻҵȴĬĬչ
ңЩһʣճѾͻƽʥʮǰʹɽֵʲôأ
һҪ顣
ûһΪԷϢʵϣѡ˿Ƽչų·Ȼ˿ǰ٣Ҳʧȥ˽Ǳƿƽ⣬ҲҲԸȸֵİ취
ҪҲѣͻܻ֮һٶʮ꣬˵ٸһ㾳ˡ

ճ߳ͨȴû̫עңԶλʥôӦԺľƣ
ҲûʲôҰģִѹףҪȡ̫ĳɾ͸ܣֻһڴ˻סѺԼļ԰ȡһݿصȺӵ˼ɣҲǣиõ·Ҫߡ
һ˳ϵϢһǿ壬弱ٽԪӿ
Ѫ¡¡ӿȣܿ΢΢Ť
ع۲ƽϵ˼ң֪ճأһϲͷԸи̵׼ǰȥӭӡ
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ͣҪͷٿһܼأľŴͣԭء
ôܣָͻһ򣬻֮У죬֪ͨɽѧ԰У֪ͨ񸮡


952 ־Զ£
ƽɫʮָӣЩǣ׳һָʲôų棬ѾճΪ
ڵ׼ƣΪ˷ֻƻ߷˭Ÿ빥Ȼһ޵˼뱸۲ӻسѧӣﵽʲô磿ǲѵãûпΪá
޷б޻ˣƽһǵԼδѣʱȴԸûаװϵͳ̫ˡ
Ȼ֪Խ࣬ԽǺ£ᵣһЩҪ£
ʱЩΪ۹ʵĻүӵˡ
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Ѫ
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ǰ۹ȻʵҪǿܶ࣬ҲֻʵǿȴҲȫѹơ
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κĽˣֻ໥ƽ£ܹల¡
һأֻʲôľ棿

ͨ˵ָֻһңɽѧ԰УҲֻǧǵ۹ʵĻ͹˳ɽҲֻͻǧԽԽѣʱ䡣
ߴһʲô
ƽĵĲûе
κһˣֻҪһ㶼㷣³ĳֲԸ顣
ȴ֪ճʵ̫һ㡣
˵ɷ򲻿һȨ⻰е˼ˡ
ҲֻǶͨ˶ԣ֮˵ʵ̫׼ȷ
οճѾڴ֮ƿ°ڣۿžһͳ£ҲλߣûʲôʸУΪһЩûȨλ飿
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Ȼ۹ʵ۶ʲôö˼ۣ㲻õҲһ
ճ磬ĳЩ棬Ѿ迼̫Ϊ

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ֱӻɽ嶥ӭӣ̻ϡ
ߵǰÿճĿⶼѾˡ
̵ˣһֱһʦУ̬ճûиܵʲôѹЩʦԼѧڳϢˡ˴٣żУ̽һ
ѧ˸߹٣λʦĴ漵ʼɵᵣĶԷԼأ
һϲøһЩ
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ΪԼǿ˸Цûϵĳ˵˵ȫû
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ĻЩ꣬ЩۣȴһĪĵǣЦЩǿĺȻ
һΣβסζҲˡ
΢΢һƲ͵͵ЩЦԼֳһۡ
͵ˣͻʮȤλ練Сʱô׿ɰ

СͼѧԨԴȻʵǵڣʵ£۹ʵһЩͬ
Ϊһ۹̳ӴˣʶҲ͸һЩ
䵱ɽϸʿ޵ֳ꣬ԼҸߣ;ʶһҲЩоȻٻЩӦ
ҲΪһѧı£Ͳڷˡ
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ԷĵƸͲǿûʵʵľ
仰һȥܿճԺżȦ߲ʹâ
ҪϸĲ鿴ȴʧ٣ոտǻþ

˱߱Уܿϵɽۣ¾ϯʮϰٸʽϯɽƮ㡣
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˿ֶ֮ӺԶǰ
գɽͷ棬Ŀ
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ǣĻһ
̶ʱ֮ڣ׼˵زõǾˡ
ճĻЦһҲ⣬ǰճϯ򺣺ʵƽʵӦѾɽˣǻҲ˸ۻ룬ǿϲɺأվϷΪӷϴ
⻰ܳϿУûаһӡ
ˣųȷӭӹ̬
ЦŨأ֤ɵԽ
ճһ㡣


953 ֱϣ
ʱգҲ̫Էʲôˡ
ĻȷǴһӣڵռ֮еط֮󣬽٣̶̼ʱ䣬Ѿﵽ˽һˮƽǱ˼ʮĿ๦
ȻųҩҲܲˡ
ճܿóһƽͣأûа鸡֮УƿҲ΢΢ɶƣֻͻ죬Ϊͻںѹ
ˣͺѵˡ
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˵ճ̾
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Ļ˲Ȼɫ
ǿɲûʶˣճѧ򣬻ʼҲڶ࣬һЩ˽ࡣ
ʵĻ֣Ҳ֪ģҲֻ񻰴˵еʥ֮ʲô硣
ͥϢĪǰʱ仹أԵ޹ʵľͰѴ뻪ĹͻأߣΪʮֹŹ֣ԭˡ
ճ˴еǰֹ۵ľƣȴĻĲ¼֮ģҲԷӿǣͽŵηʵҪϻʼʵֻ֣ҪϵõɽѾչ黪ġ
Եо֮֮ʵԴκκβʵʵ뷨
֮䣬ɫãȴǻ࣬Ļִƣڡ
ճʵڼӱ̬ʾԼȨ̫԰Ļ֮ġ
ճո˵ĪıȻ磿
һ㣬˶Ѿ²⣬ֻǴδ֤ʵճʵȥȥһֱɽЩʵ΢ĵżҲܼţȻͨǵ߼õ
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ճһ㴼ƷζһʼƣЦ
⻰ȻѯʣʵĻĵġ
Ͼۼ;磬Ҳֻлʵ۱²Żģ̺ˣΪ̫Զ˵Ҳǲס
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ĻҲԼӴ鱨ճݵսʿֳּͷֱأùˣȴ۹ҡ
ɽ֮չؽ磬˲⡣
ûôһ£ǲıҲûףֻܲ²ճΪΪ̽һصķΪ뾪ɽһˡ
ûиһѶϢҲֻ²ˡ
ճҡҡͷ¿֪쾳۷֮һǿ꣬þô˽УҳһΪĽ֮ʱҪǿ̫࣬˳Ϊʦ
ճҲӣͰԼƣҲν˵һ£˵ϱڸʵͬʱҲ˵˽⵽ɽϢԼߣвֵĳԡ
ȻоƬ¾Ͳ˵ˣֻ˵Լסµ꣬ɱȥ
ĻôˣľȻƣȴ¶֮ɫĽ˽У˺һҲʥ֮˵ĴսһҪı˰ɣ˵Ļһеȷû̫þˣճ˵ɣ˴λҪô㣿
ʧ֮࣬ĻһôôҲ᲻õģʱԷûôλӷֿɬɡ
Ҳֻ죬δԲԺ¾֣̫Զš
ճϢĻĬһʵ˹ؼ
ճ̾ܳɴ֮˱ȻŴǣһ㿴Էƿľˣ֮꣬ʧǣ񶼲֪ôػʵڻЩ
Ҳճľ̫ս֪һʱز
糣˿ԼͬͻȻɻڴ˸߹ٸõɣֳѱƽ
Ҳ˵Լϸ˵ʵףµûﵽҪԲҶƣʢӵԼĵ·
һ㣬Ļûˣ˵˵Ҳ޹ؽҪ
Ҳ̫飬ֻҪɳӺ͸֣ƿɽͿɡصĸ֣ԽɽãֻҪһͲӡ
ɽΪһ»أҲɽϳڣԷǼڡ
֮ҪĻԶ֣Ϊʮö˵Ҳ֪ɽôŪġ
Զ̺廥ɵսɽĴڣͻϮƻ޴ʵʩǿзֻ
ԣҲֻƾ伯׳
ճԳѹ߶սûսռɽ˫£Ϳ԰ɽչС
˫ϲ˴ɽ֮⣬;ɢճؼҼºԼӵˣ̳
Ϣ֮䣬һŴɽ
ճǱǰɽϣ۹ںϴֻճźţһ붯֣ǵȴʱ
õʱȻɽһ̣ؼ㣬ȴڴ˷硣


954 ֱ£
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һ˿˷ܣôãڿˡ
󾲾ŵ桢ȱʯ֮λ֣ԶǺѹѹվپʿڿٵĴ֮£ȴ
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ôģճ̫ףճԼⷽȴΪȡʱŵĵ̣һ֧ʹָľ
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ˣʷۣΣڴʱ˿̣飬һȺիȴû˵
ûճ˵ţúĪĹҵ
±֮Ϊ䣬עͼΡ
ϣ̣֪ΣΣϣмΪḶ̌ĩֵ֮ȶ
ʮεʡԱ13ʹѲȫѡɶʷȵط٣书дڹϣΪ͵ݡ
ֹ涨ƷϵľֵʡԱʱ͢ѯ伲ʩʧٹܣֱЧʡ
ھϣζñȺƽͻʡ޵ӡ߲ȡȡ¹ȻȣƳԶķ
ʮŬᰲûָȶչ书ԺգԪ652꣨Ƹ꣩˿ڴﵽٰʮ򻧣Ƹڡ졢ʢĻʷ֮Ρ
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ճ´ΪȨΪ˽檣ΪռˣԼһͻǰ·
Ϊ˷磬̫ƽ֣һȶأһãΪԺĵ·
ΪĿģҪƵ־ķ棬Լȡ֮
㲻һͳ¡ԭҲ
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ؼȴһ㣬Ҫ־ƣƵ߻С
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ûѡ˵Ļ˾ˣҲûʲô¼һʱ䣬ȵͻƽͬʢ
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Ǹʱ򣬲
ճͼı
Ҫһ㣬͵ñУ׳нֱӶ
һΣѣٶĥ



955 ϣ
ճļƻ֮У¿Եһ
ǴͻϮƻԨòô֣ԼűֱͻϮɡ
ҪɱɽöԷݣЩѶȡ
Ͼճֵ֪ĵơ
ܹһʵ͸һЩա
ʨӲãҲȫճһͷ͵ʨӣɽӣٶһͷϻʶôӶΪ
һĴǲϢټϴȺիҲ˲ճȡһЩջ񣬲̽ɽŵص㣬Ҳ»һǿ
Ȼ̫ɵĸϣʱ׼ժӣݴȷʵҲһüı
ɽΪճҲɵİкá
ûоƬѹ˵ˣҲһñɽá
ͥԷ˾Լˣˣ¾ͻ˳ٶҲһǧһȡͻơ
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ֻ˺濴õľͿʼעƣȫ֧֡
ɽ岻ȥı¶Լͼıֻ˶Σɡ
˵ʵڻҲûлɹ
ԭ켣չս¡ͬʱҲԨ̫ɵĲ¼ɡ
ҪһԸͱȻַͻ
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ֻҪʱɱΪ̫ӣ˳̳еλʱɾɽҲͲܵɣй͡
һپ٣ɱҵᱻϻλһ絣֮
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Ǻƣıԣɴ˼ƣҪ޷ǾֻʵѣֻҪиѹµټϳ䲻أһսɡ
ⷽ濴ɽʵͷƾʲôڱ֤±֮ʱַ̣ܳӮҡ
һսҪԾ

³ӿأʿͷǰ·֮ܵɾճ˲ʩʩȻĽ롣
ãǰͼһЩҶʱѾѣͿɿ·
ΪͣΪʱΪԽ㼴λָķΪһٳ裬˵ӱ鲼£主Բ˵ˡ
˵Ҳ̫ϡ֮ܵϣճǲò˸
˼ҲƣԼ»ܿ⣬Ȼûкö
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ճĵλҲɵõһҲΪ
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ΪԼЩ޵Ĵϴʦ۷弶Ľ书۶ԷôǿҲܱȵԼʵʮ־ȣȴ֪εȵزֻվڳи߸֮ϣⷽض·ѹˣޣʲôˣֻĿŵ±ɱþ⡣
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959 ׷𱱣ϣ
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ճ뵱УȻǧѾƲСԨȫ֮󣬳Ҳĸ۵ĻƴɱҲ̫ʶʱˡ

ճ˼׼ϸֱָ̫ͥһŭȡ
ȴһŽ׵ĸߴһ֮дɱͷѪӧǿᣬ;ʯ汻ȵ÷飬гֱֺͬճġ
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960 ׷𱱣£
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ո֣ɭǴǡ
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ʦôˣһʿźڳľһ˳סϵʿʵ
ԣʦϺᣬùֱ廪ǣףϾȻŸζǻˡƻʹԱߣſӣôܻףпգаĪ֣ǡж򡣡
ʿǺʱҲЩûʲôΣգͰѽһԣָ㡣
󣬴üۣһ˫ȴʮָ˳񣬹õޱȣָóӰЩ̫ˡ
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ʦүѵ룬һԬ츳飬վһѧΪȫУȴͬˮڻͷüֻа٣ʵڿϧ
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ԬƮƮɫһϺ͵˼֡
Цʱ壬˾ҪˣʦͽһΪѪ
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һȦ׹⻤֮ϣܳԶɱһͿԺǽֱ̫
սҵ֮ʱɱ٣Բ¡λʹļһôȵұҴоɰڴһ١ϧԪͽδ棬ȴͶϵԳ֣ʵǽ
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Ԧ磬壬ӰΕڰվͻһͷӰֻǼԾԾعǣԶԶžۡͷϽڵİߣʱܻŭ𣺡죬Ԯ̫Ӹóǣᱻɱ˽ֵ˭ȫÿԴ
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Ϊۣ֮ͷڣ籦ӨӨһĪӿ
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ԨһϣҲѹѣΧԵı佫û׶ɷɫ
֮ѹһΪʦȻԶԶֹһˡ
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Ԩ˵ҳһࡣ
⻹ˣô棿ֱɱ˻ʹԷŪ±ʲôһ˭书߾ˡ
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λң
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Ԩ֮ʱҲ֣ɽཻĪ棬ֵܣȻ״ʦźεܡ
ο滹һȴʦֵ˫
Ͱ͵ĿԬʦͽ׻Ϊҡ֣ɽǰͥǰ̣һ·˼ȫѵô˽١


962 ˳£
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Ǵߣִ磬Ǳǿ׳ռƣûʲôɲݡ
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ǿΪ𣬴ΪǧŲ֮

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ҲˣٴĳɼʵҲȲϸˡ
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׻ǣʯ֮ɫһϲǹǴɷϸӴһ£ԼĲ߻תżʱսִʱ
˵ǰûаǷ飬ݣԿݣ뵱ȳ֣Ϊ



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964 Ԫ׺ţ£
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ЩԸ۹ѩѺעͶĴˡʱɵȫɵۡ
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Ψһֵðοǣλ¶԰ƺͣ˺ͼ壬Ҳ޹ԣֻҪһϵܻչˡ

Ʊãûһ㲨ľͽϢ߸ʱȴ纮
Ϣ˳һɿɢڶʮ֮С
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ǵײЩ󽫣ʱҲ顭ɧңŵѹ
ƾ׳־顢Ѫĳ˭ûиĸС˭ûʾɣ
Լǰ̣󷽱˶ѣ̻ôȥ

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һԲиȰЩԣ
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Ҫ³һУҲԼ˵ҪųĲТ
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˵˵ȥˣҪ˵۾͸˿˿׹⣬һ
УԼı꣬սƣ㣬ôܾʹ´ûҵ
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Ȼĺ˶ޣźȰͶƼѣҲͬƽϡ
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ʮֳϿį۽ʪһӢĩ·ıӿ˵ͷ
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Ƥһи뷨ȴԼ˵Ȼͻʧġĳ佫ǾøһǸװͿûһΪǡ
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˵ΪΣ
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Ԩһŭľͱˣɴ౻ŵ߸УԻЧС
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ƴһ˲صʱ߸ʮֱ룬һ򾡡
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ԣǲ벻ףǲ뱳ǧ
ĿﰡĿȻڲ壬Щӡõͦѧգڵң˭ҰҲȻƾѧͶ³ǣܽҲܽ
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ʧʱ򲢲ôס


967 ޷죨ϣ
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Ҳ룬Ϊλ˲ˬأЩõµܾ£оʵܡѹʷҳһãԭԴ⡣
ҿ϶ֻҪԼͬʻԣȥͻ֣жԸСڡ֮ʵȻʲô谭ȴһɺԷİԼޱȡ
ֱ壬׼ڣͻȻһ
ԣҲһӦзӸǵ룬Ӧ̫Ļͱ¶ĳЩЩĴǵĳ佫þƣɵ£ʤգӶƽ¶ˡпܻᰵͨɢˣͲôˡ
ԣõвȲ÷ӸЩ֮ʿģҲЩΪȡҪͶϣŽһпŽдʻԻ룬Ϊ˲ߵ󡭡
ȡ
ճһڰòΪѵ˵ش޵úú룬Ҹã顭
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Ϊֻ˷ĵĵĸҶƬѾ³˳ҶƬֻǳСƬû˶
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棬ɱĴʥɮ۷Ⱥի֮ӴˣƬҶӡ³ƷƣֻһƬҶӡ
Ϊʲôأ
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ʱ֮ͨУճжƬССӡͱճоƬֱӱѹΪԽʱյӡ
ӡһֱճҲûҪʱȴ֪Ϊζ
΢΢Ž⡭ű顢һֲȻʢһ˿
ңӡһ΢ķҪߡˣǴ˷ĶѵǸ֮Уڴϣܸɳʲô˴µ
ճЩɻּӴһЩѹȡ
ͼԼ죬ճûа
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׳־ĺʿҲ΅̾ţ̣ܡ
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ԣٻȨƽǮУȴǱ롣
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Ҫʵǵð۹ųԶһ㣬øһ㡣
ããǺ֮ϣǨϴ˵ЩʢҲֻܱ紵ȥһշ

Ȼһһ֮ѳɳ棬ϻȥֻǶ̶һʱ䣬׳Ƴĺ
ЩõУ˵γһݵûûüͷѾ˹
ճȻûָн̾껪ˮ䣬һҪóפ˼ȴһ޶
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ͻգ˼λ֮̽ڵ˴սʱ
ճ̨ĿɿѹѹһƬͻӰǰģȻɺľǾ
Էٵ֮ǰȴȻǣﱼߣս棬Ȼڻ


969 ɽϣ
һ֪ϸֲ壬Ϊܷ֮ӵҲǼΪֲġ
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ս֮һЩɧҡ

˫
Ͳʧǰ㣿
˵ӰճԻʵ֮Գʿֱݡ
ңҲƾʿһЩ֡
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ʱЮŴʤͻ֮˲ֱӡ
һȾǰȵ񣬻ͶͻʮﶼҴɢǧʮں֮ڣǰѰ
ճԪ֮쳹ȫѼʮ˶ѹȥ
һǰ°ʱʱ˻ֱһ
ԨѾʳΪ˳ѳɹµ׶˼αǿоݶڲ֮أ˲Т֮ӣսԸǰһ
ճ˵ǰ٩٩̸
ˣ˵ͻʱܵ¡
ƴ֪й䶷־ȻǵĶ־ûжپˣҪһ˳̣û뵽һĴʤ֮ʦ
һԵ·ˡ
Թ˱սд档
⳯Ӿʹųͥ壬һԼӡֵܡȫڴ⣬һΪΪֵܵ⽫ȻܲͶôҲ˵ȥ
ԹźһˣһǵģΪԼ˽ģھʿΪѪνɥģǳͶҲɱ㡣
Ͷɱ
Ͷɱ
ճһ䣬ʮأȣֱơ
һ磬һɥ
˫ʤʱսѷ
һ˵ƾʿ궯ѣ࣬ŭɤ˲ڽ˭˴
˼ʵ۵Ķһǰսվһ֮ӦսĻ̻ϲôˡ
ʿⶫ֣˷˾ͻͬ˴ҩһ㣬ηսʿ䣬Ǿӣһ
þսﲻ֪ɹĲйĵʱƲԣôҲðһǡ
ΣɷɷԷ硣
ڵѪ֪˳棬ʲô˵һͻӾֱϣսһһЩ
ȥȡ
һΣξپ»δڣһǹź⣬ʮ֮䣬ͱճǰŭһӿڳԣǸ
ճȻΪ˴ʱԼ£˸ǰӭеûϵвĳ
ˣ
ס°궯
үүТҲ
ԱϽһھǺ
ճ۹һһǰһӳ¡¡ͬ»
δǾɽТʹ죬ͱ˶
æǹһȴסճһ˴ࡣ
࣬һֲ̯˺


974 ɤŴ޵У£
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һŭȴҲ޷룬ǱĽ쵹ҲˣТҡ
ճǰ˵ЩܣǷ䡢޵߸ıǸƣսһЩҡ
Щ˸Ĵսºܴ͡
һƵۣТͨ˺ܻܿսҪǿࡣ
ĳһƾԼҵġ
Ҳά
Тճһĳ࣬һˣһԺֺúݣϷȥһûˡ
һ󾪣æ常԰꣬ʦ涼Уܿ͸߾Ҳ׶༪٣Ϊǡ
Ҳ˲ˣһѾסͨ
Ҳңѵõĸ֣ѵڡ
˵ТҪǿ࣬ȴʦȴ֪ȥˡ
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սգλͽͨҪǿһЩеһѺ֡
ξپƽʾԴçҲɵڹٳսϳʤܣ˵ûмƽϣôܣ
Тų˵ȳսˣͨʳۿԼǼ˼
תһ룬ˡ
ͨҽеһ߾λĴˣڴҪ֧ƾʮּѡ
νδʤǰܣӲͷƤսǱƲѣλѵʧܺô죿
ôܶɽ
ʱҪԼô
˼ҵĺ˲ۣͨ򲻹ֲξپѵͿϣ
һ̣һЩɡ

ճңңŵ֮ڵɧңҲżֻǲǰҫȻĸǱƽһЩ
ۼùһ֮أǰǹܱ֪ľͻˡ
һƣƶʮ鵨
ζ޷⡣
һԱСճǰһϲ칭
ݡһƷ缱죬ʸճš
ճϣ޶һЩʿ̲סҪ
ЦһͻأָǰһУͼס˷ʸˣϸһ£˵ţҲҲһ
Ҵִ󹭣칭һǳɡ
Сδ£ճֽӼô赭дޱ𾪣;ǰӰһһҪֽȴ·𶳽һ㣬ޱȡ
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ǽ浹ͨˤڵء
ھʿ־ֺ˼
λһʱܲסһɣϡϡճȴǰȫûʲô
ճѡľոһ֮ԽƵʯУӳУͨʿǿʯôҲ䲻УҲûʲôв
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Ǳ˼ûʵ۱±һĴҴܶܣδ档
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һ¹˷ܵʿٿսսʿ䣬ξپᡣ
ʱ治Уʿ֮ʱǲɻӾֱģ
ƣʲôðͷѹ򽫲սܡ
ȥʮغҲð
Тǰ㣬ֻһоͱĳ࣬˼־֮⣬á
ʱӢ۾ӢۣȻֻǸʤʵʱʹȫʤ
ʱڻι£һսķӢ֣ھĪҶ
սһˣƴ˸ʮϰУܾܿͱһ˰ñ
˵ˣʲôóɣ
ǰĵȴǱҪӦ
˱ܣȵȴܡ
ξپһҧޣӲſںȵݵòξپǰֽ̡
һƥ񿥺ֳһڹˮĥڸֱޣ嵽ǰ§ͷһ޴
絶ǿȴǱТҪǿϲ١
ճ̾ҲһԱں屦һͬϳ䵱Ҳ˳Ƶȴ¡
⼸ξپ¸Ĵս¼ͣȻ¼
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ճ˺һʦǰһЦ
κζ֣ƴĶ־ԼǰжС
һҪõ˵ȫȥʧ
뵽ճо޹˳ַ£һã׽ס˾ХڸֱޣЦ۵֪ߵغ񣡡
һӴԪķۣξپ֫
žһ̽ץξپµ׳˶ӣ־ࡣ
ճЦƴȫȻɫƾʲô´Կ񣬲ҪˣԹǰɡ
˹ǰԪ
ǰƾһʱԣߺꡣ
ɫ԰ףЩڸոûξپ³ȥսˡ
µͽҲĸʱȥȴӤ㣬ڶԷһжû߹ȥͱ׽
оɱҪʿ
˶ܿξٽԷһãͻͷ­ʹ˵С
̫ˡ
»ˣһŲҰ׵ȫƫߣҿˣǶҲ޷룬һʡ
ѵҪң
ûͨ͸жˡ
ճһӣξپӳʮԶ˵ݵһȴ类סѨʿ£Ҳͷᣬֻǳư乭Ŀо֮
ݣ
°Ȼͬǰ乭¡¡һ
ӳԪѩ׹⣬һ˿âֱԶ
ڵܱãȻʧ䣬ͼһâֱһûüӦͱݺһƣ
ˡ
һ
ǰλ˹ѱ䴩ؼףˡ
Сģ

ڲݵˮ屻ˤûʹûչȥеĺһʱҡ
ڴʱһХƿӰΡ
ˡ
һ졣
ơִ˶ѣһø߸𣬻
һƬ
ճǰҳһţЦȵھ

ﲽѪԾԾԣɱǰƽ
ŭڸǲסճԪĴɤš
ЦУƾҳһţɫܺ졣
̫ҪˣҥֶμΪ޳ܡ
ںȣǱճЦֱӬ
УĴȡƾսģһƣ޵ڶ



975 ӡϣ
֮УͨһѾͷһޣȵߣ
ǲ֪֪һ˫ʼնŴ˴δ
ָԼоڡ
ϮңͷԼҾҡ
ʱߣŭߣʱһ߾ûȡʤ֮
Ѿˣڴ˴𣿿ߣ
һ飬ͨоΣԽԽʢҾѾ쵽ԼߣǽС
һ㶣ЩãȻ
ֻһǰžѱͻ˽һֱ̳Լ
һٲҪκȰ˵̾һתͷܣ
ȥʱȴ֣ߵһЩĳ佫ʹߣܵñԼҪ졣
Ҿ֮Уûʲôԥԣܺпܾͱ̤࣬û˸Լ

ߵôæʵûз֣νҾҲֻڵһƬѡ
Ϊ챻䵹ֱƵܼһʱûг־棬ҵ죬Ƽ񻯡
Ӵ֮УճҥҲʢķ졣
һƬȷѪ꣬ǰಽ죬һֱƽƶ
ʲô룬ֻǸǰʸͻһɱС
ֱǰһգ䡱һĴ𻶺
ܾڱɱ
繥һûͻƿ֮ʱֵֻ¶йƣͻȫ̡
Ҫǣʱû취Լָӣٶȼӿ졣
ǧİǧӪϵ֮ɱս־ͽ׶
һֶѣ۵һ³һѪǲ
߳һЩ߸Щĳ佫ȫӰ١
Ǵͷ˰ɣңΪλˣ
ڤڤУҲоķչӦˡ
һս˵ɺҲã˵Ҳգͷ·Լ
ôҲžܵô죬ôס
˵õһͳ£ͷʢأ
⣬ģͻ֮ĸо¸ͬ
ûľã˳˳ˮĸо
ѵ𣿡
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һ˫۾Լ죬Ҳ죬ԷҲ
һֱܣþɢңҪռսҲ
Իճȴ鼫ã˳˳⡣
Ͳͻһܣǿࡣ
ƬҶϢ֮Ȼ
ȵתһӣƾƬͻȻͱЩͬ
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ңԼƬռ֮һиУһս󺣣һηϸ߿գ޷ŷɣĸо
һ۲ɼת棬һɲǼ䣬ͷ뷨侫Ҳߴ⡣
ܽ޲ó
Լʱȥϵɽ»𺣣ЩҲʲô
ֻΪΪ˳ߵܶҲΪȫҵıҪ
仯λˣʱգΪ
ڴˣճ֪ޱμӱң԰쳤Цǰǰ˭ɱˣǧ𡢷򻧺
꣡
ճһ䣬ͬʱС
ԾǼ֧Ӷ
ʿš١ҧˣ̾Ϣ˴Ūʲôͣû뵽֮ϲʱʺˡ
ҧ˵ˣճû뵽ǣҲո֡
ıˣ˫Ҳˡ˷ܵΨһԭǶ⳯˼ͬԷԾά棬Ҳȡ档
빲ˣ굱ȻҲˡ
ճ̾ϢֻƲԹ±޳
Ȼֱ仯Ǻõġ

ʮ¶ʮһСѩδѩ
˷
ǻͻʣʮնɺ
ƫʦһ֧׷ܱ
ʦһƶʮֱμˮ
£ն뵶£ƴԴɢ߲
ֵ֮ʣ̫Ľ£ڳ괺ȡʿعԱ
ȰũɣϷơ˰ҵøƶӣϢ
ɴ̫ƽ֡

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˵ճճۣҴµĵطһ㳼Ӳگòμ
ңճиϰߣϲ̫๬Ụ̊ϲһĴš
һ㣬Ļʵ۶һ
䴫λ³Բ޵£Ц̫⳯Ǹ˻ʵۡ
Ķǡ
սȥֻһʱ䣬ƽͻʡƵЩȻĿĳЩȴ·һô
ϰʵ㣬ҲһԭϵҰݣʱһƬֻ࣬괺
ѾЩĴңЩʧȥ˵ʹҲڼĳĬĬļ뽫
ʱ˿̣˶ϣһ͡ӢľܴҸճǡǡһ㡣
䡢޵ʼûףΪʲôʵ۱ֻĸ˼ȣȻʲôȥᣬ¾ǰҪöࣿ


976 ӡ£
ճһͳ֮󣬴Ϯƹûȥı䡣
Ϊʷ֤ƶȺʺʱֻҪհᣬϲʲôӡ
Ҳù̫ƽɾʢ
ȻҲʲôûǸһƶȡ
ΪԼԱøһЩ
綨·ƣȡ˰̡
ƴϮǰ¿ѭΨǾɻʵ۱ǿеġ
һũѧԺũ֣ũƳӽˮ
⵱ȻǺԬķṦΰճҲûɶ˼ձƣоƬѧ֮󣬾ʹڵ˷硣
ֻһ㣬ܻ򡭡
㣬ĸ˰͸˰
ʮһʮ壬ҵ벻ͬгȡ
㲻̣㲻ǮͥǸ˷ֳɡ
Сͷ⽵С˽ȫó˰
ȻֵķҲĳЩ˺ǲǣ˰鲼£ֻҪʵ֤ɱͷûҲ
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ǿʼʱִһЩ˴壬Ҳ֣ᷢԼҵĲҵʵδжʧ
Ϊҵͨ˺򴦣öˣҲںҳȡһ֣˫Ӯ
ӯò̫񻰣ЩΪͥÿڽɽܣĽֱˮ
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˵ʵڵģ䡢ޡκ˵ȷš
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ָǴ󳼺ˣڴС
żһ¹£ճľǲͼ£һЩΪ˵飬Ϊ֦ɢҶĺΰ벻иܶ
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һϲ£ǻʺ㫑а˸µУд׼ˡ

սһϢ̣糱纣
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˷ճҲþӨ͸ˮ͸
һɹ۳һɣɫϢΪһ͸֮
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ճԹһ£⣬ӦÿԻһٰʮ֮ãȻࡣ
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Ҳʱԭڡ
鼮Ž֣˵ȼƺ١
ճЩƣۿҪͻ֮ʱ֪һûдﵽͻƲˡ
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Ҫ𣿿ﵽĽ۷ļޣҲ޷Ҳǰ·ӡ
ʱӡˡ
ǰճͷֻ꣬Ϊѭӡնȥ
ǣûɵĸоһЩԣųٳٲܾ
ԺоƬӡȻ䣬ĿˣֻҪȥͻһ˿ϻԵƺգ͸͸
ȥǲȥأ
ǵȵ˵ɣȷӣڴ˷ҲأǣܽȥѰͻƣûԵŹ
ҪʲôȻͱ븶ʲôЩձԡ
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ճɢȥٴαɢתƽľ뺮÷˪˺һᣬƽ
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ͥǰ΢»ˮҹ͵ǹبų棬ҫһƬ͡
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ܿռ絶ڣԼܼ˿˿׹⡣
ֻǿһۣ֪Լ룬ʱ֮ɷۡ
վֻͻƣѰδ֪磬û;
񻰴˵лĳЩʥĸˣܴ򣬵ȻԼġ
Ǹȥʱˣ;ݲ̫Ů鳤͸쳾
ճ̾Ϣһ


977 ԭ壨ϣ
ճϽһƬҶӶȻ黯
һֻפڣЯоƬӡ
⻪ͻǣɫ˿ʼȼգϢһ߲ͨ
ճٿһҹɫдž׵ĳǣһɫӰնȥ
ԶһӹŮŵͷǰ̫·㫑ͦŴӣ¶
ϴһЩŭôˣЪţҲ֪úýӡ֮໹ô£ǷԣƬ࡭
˵ͻȻͣƺһּĶԼȥ
һʱˮ䣬վԭء
㫑ôˣǧ̫ͣ
һӰֵſڣ΢΢һξ͵ǰķס
㫑ȥůЦһʧõϲá
ҡҡͷĵʱͰ˼룬Ů˶İɡ

ճоӡ䷢⡢ʲôʱʱһĸլ֮ڣҲ
Ī빫ӣ
簲
԰֮п߹һŽ׺Ŀ㹫ӣԼĪʮ˾꣬üϸ˫Ŀ΢΢бһʱʱ̿΢ЦĸоºС
˵Ӻͣ񵭣оûһ˿
߹æĹ񣬼Ⱦη
ԭΪĪҺһϵ̳ˣҲǵ۹һ֮еٮٮߣʹﵽĽ۷壬ڶʮ֮ǰͻףء
ֳɾͣƽһ壬㾭ʮʮ˵ŬһõͿҪˡ
꣬ÿοӣҵʹģҲǾܲסӹϮˡ
һĺЦԳ
һűͦĸݣŶ룬һͷģǸܼҡ
˻һۣЦϺΣûʶӺεܼǸôµҪֻҪ£ָ˹ӵУָУͷˡ
ǣǣŹܼ˵ǡϺɫһ࣬Ϊػص
һܣֻԶӶŮԶԶţͲҿ
һ㿴ԼҪǿöˣЩ⡣
ұϾմЩλߣȴҩɾȡ
ȴ֪ǣ˵̬˿ʵҲǰӡ
ɣԺҲûȨŮˡ
Īҵ˿Ǳ֮£ʵȴˡ
ҲֻãһݻԵΪһĽͶʡ
ŹܼϺΣ°ͣȴţϴμϵĺǱˣʲôԵʣ
Ѿ亹һȴû˵ĪոտһۣЩܲסˡ
뵽Źܼʲô˼ûˣתߣ룺ҵǸС̿ҪˣǹԽģһֻӬߣ÷Ǵƣ
轣˵ҲˣǰѾǿǴ£˵ĻûвԪʵʣȴҲɲ

Īʰϣƺڹ԰дɫƺʲôû룬ǰһ̵أΪڣߣ̴Ƭ϶ƮڿУһ˿˷ҷ
ѩɽ֮۲ɼһݣܿ㣬Ŷ֮ҲֻĪȲǮƵĴ֮Уڼ֮Ϊʹãƽʿһʮϧ
游ǧѧСӹȻ˶üķ߲ʣ֪ΪΣӡûлطֻǸоƺ˿ˣмζɹûϢ
˼Īûǰװ˹ģ崺ģɭ΢΢̹⣬ʮֳ
ߣ㵱Ŀ⣬˶ۣС룬˵㣬ΪĪҵϵԺǰ;ޱԶ󣬶˶£ôһ㣬ӣҲֵܣ֮㾹Ȼһʱ䲻Ųʡ
ֻ밾һǹϧԼĶӣǲŻлɳˣˣҲл븮У˵ѪϡȴչŮٻЩô
ɣ
ǰһŭߣȻú䣬޶˶˵Ľڿ֮ĴƮǻڵ̣Ҳóٻƺɺⶳᡣ
Ī˸䣬ϱȴ˿δ壬֪Ȼ˵ǳӲԼʮ簮ʲôҪ󣬶㣬ڱɫĽ̵Сϰˡ
Ϸ䣬ȴһ˿ϲɫ游ĪѾˡű䡿
һ㣬һ񰡣ܰӡ֮еһ԰գҲͻ׺ڣֱԲλʱĪҲſˡ
˵Ǽ̳һ׷ͷݿݣƤͬɵƤ
Īȴ֪Լ游Ϊ࣬ȫԡ
ھͿʼԤı£Խ£ԻḶһЩۣҲųɹָˡ
ϵĺôĹڡ
Цϣò׳һ˫ţȴȥϧʹãһֻ۰ԼĴѾλѶӶŮȥϽ˸ּҡ
ҲԿóʮǰȥżһȡǳʧҲǻסˡҲˣĪҲлͼıԣȡ
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980 ʱת£
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981 ϱıϣ
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ڣУҲûзɵȥĽһӷޱȵ
һУиþʹ
ԴõĽһλ̽е칦
Ҳƾ׹ȡʮ֮ͻƵײΣżȻĻԵ֮Уõԣ
ԣ׹ȻΪʹòڣ粻̫չһЩ֮
ճ֣Ϣʹõĸо
ֻʹܻʮЧԼõκһҪǿöࡣ
еĸǽɣҲѹÿֻһͶס͵ɡ
΢΢һ࣬Ƕ׵֣ʹնࡣ
ճʽֽ׾ȴڶԷĽ֮΢΢һһľɨ˵ʺ
δʹ̫˻壬
˿ڳֹסӣԶѲճĽ档
׺ףͶڳԶĵ˶Ϊʵ̫ϡƽֻǵһӣһѧҲ򲻹ʲô˲
Ǹ׺ȴƤ
ŭ֮һбնǾȫڳ֮ǰʹ˸ƣԼһЭͬѶԷ򵹡
ͬͻأڵѪļһѾᵽĳЩ飬˿⡣
Ҫ֪Ȼݱ΢Ϊڿ࣬ɱ׺ݣƽڸɢλС֮Ҳǵõӭ
Щλ桰ж˼룬ȡջĻҲࡣ
ܲϵĽӻ⼸ûһ֣ȫ֮ͬеٮٮߣʲô
ճһƸе£⼸˽ƽӦ˺һЩѪˣ
˵죬˵ŻǱˣѱĺǰһѡ
Ķǰ㱿׾Цƽ似֮ˣ׺ȴǿֻԷһһȫʽ͸аš
Լĵδ֣СѾ˿ȥԭʽ䣬ƱعԶ޹任С鲽ҪɻػһնȴֶԷһƣԼͬʬȻǰ
ôָо
統ոԼҵʦ֮ʱУһһʽȫǣűߣоʮơ
ԷֻһѧôȽ
뷨ҲЭͬĶ׺һ뷨



983 ϣ
ɺϣ̫ɣСӼֱ˹ʺˣ
ԶͻȻڵ
㿴ֻճֽбƫƫ°⣬Ϊ˵üˣһǰ㣬һŵĽ棬ȴɲɵǰһ˵ļ򣬴һµʺֱɵ޻˵
ɺϵǣ׺֮Լʮ־죬Ѫ罦ĻŵҪƿ֡
˫ǰһ˵ֱۣгһƣ͵˵˵ʺ֮С
ôɵ
Ӣһ˿ɻ
ûճԼĽֻ˼Ŀһۣ˵ͷ˵ѾûʲôϷˣҪǰ
Сӳһѷͷ߰ɣôãǱƣҲٹע߰ɡ
һת뿪
Ҳѹǻ롣
һУСʱһЩ£Ƕһ˽书Σ᲻֪
ɱˣֻɫ԰ףûеŻ£ѾӲˡ
̾Ϣûһ˿ĺϷδ쵱УԷȷ䡣

룬Ҳ롣
ֻĮģȴܻ
⼸ôģǿʵȴƨ磬ĪϼҲ㰡游֪ˣĺùӳԣ
Զؽֶ¥һ䷿ݴվڴǰ
˵һʮҵ꣬üЩɭ䣬˵ȴΪ񣬶ߵŮ˺
ճڴˣϳĵˣĪ빫ӡ
ĪվŵȴһʮҵŮˣi֫ߣһ˫΢΢۲ӯӯҪγˮ
촽΢΢ţЩίȴҸ硣
Ů˳ʮޣ͸ʮģǰ˶ÿһ˴
ǣһֳı飬̲ס
ΪĪĴ㣬ȴԼҵܵôǳ⣬Īϼɫǲá
ĪҼҹϸ˵Ǵ㣬ڵϵ̳ǰȴҲûʲôݣֻ˵Ұǽͷ׺ݵҰˣγɹλ棬ض飬˵ֵûлɫġ
ΣҲķĪϼС˵ҿƺ̫򵥣Ǳƭ˲źá밡ֲУô˵ͷҲ׽֣ĻױΪ׵նɱɱһ书ˣ
⵹ҲǡҲǷܴܵģһԱߵ
ĪЩɵĿԴȴһЩ⡣
ҴСڳ۳ʲôҲȻϾһףֶý˴жʧܣһʱỹֿ¿һɶö¶ۼֱӶԸǲˣõڶ׷ɡ
ɣĪϼɫ԰ס
ô㲻Ը⣿
ĪתͷĿ䡣
Īϼһɺ⡣
þΪӸңŭļ޸һ֮ͽࡣ
ΪĪҶС㣬ñѰͨ˼ҶҪϰٱֲǣÿԼɷŹȫû˿
Ī뾹ȻܣϲּﶼдţĪ밵ָʹġ
ĪңЩŮӣĪǧʵ϶и;ûеλ
£һϺõĹޣҪҾжҡ
˭Īڵĳ磬ڼȨþء
νĵڶַȻĪϼΪȥʹ˼ơ
˵ˣǽ׳ԼӣȥȡΣƭöԷߵһҪĶ
ĪȻ٣ȴı㣬֪Լˣܵʲô
Ĵյİ죬ôҲǹŵģʲô뷨Ҳֻܱš
ƫƫǼһǸɫӣ˧ƽҲ˼Ů
ΪͥôֵĻɫȻҲ⣬ǲл̫
ŮԺãģ΢еЩ԰ŮˣҲû˻ῴûϢļһ
ⷽ˵ޱȼʵġ
ֻҪԼλǻֵ챻Ե趼ʶˡ
ĪĪϼϸһѣ˳ǰ˶˼£˵Դ˾ɫҲͱôһ㣬ĳЩһ˵ֳɱ޴󡭡ԣİ°Īϴſߣ˵ԼϹ²˴ҽԺǲ
⻰ɭɭģз
Ī精ĪϼãҲĪĶ㡣
ĪϼоԼͬһƤ˼ƤȴһҲҶƾԷԼ϶
Щȴǲҷ֪λϵĵܵʵǸ̬Ů˲ûʲôá
Ů£ҲֱѶԷΪֹ
ǸѪű䡿ľ
ĪϼǿĿ־裬ӦҾɡֽ죬Ϊ֮ͨãǸɵҲϧһ㣬ƭɲܹҡ
ã㣬ȻӦܷɹֻҪ£ĪҲ㣬Υߡ
Īһߣӹһ˿⡣
Ŵⳤ֮ȥ죬ֿЦЦ
ֻҪԺĪ붨ɷ𣬾Ҳһȵùҡ


984 £
Զ˵Ŀӣճ˶ûз
Ҳճ֮С
ļ֪֮£ΪĪҵơ
ҲǴӴ˿̿ʼԭѣţֻǵľѡ
ٲ죬ȻҲĸٹע
ȻĪҾͼӽж޹˼ɡ
ˣճûиӦʲôҲܹõԷ϶һԹ۲졣
ҪȻҲװģó׾Լʵ졣
óǰһѧһɱ֣ǿնɱ¶Ľ֡
ңǰһǿݵĺ
˵˶Ůġ
һõ顣
ңճòʧΪϾֻǶ׶ѣ߱ӦԷ
ֻҪôˣ˼Ҿͻ룬
Ը䣬ҲһЩֵֹı졣
磬ɲŴ硣
ǵĽͶӰС֮Уȡ籾ԴñԽԽǿ
ǡǡɺϵǣֶ֣ͬᳵ·ԸֶַʶҲŷʶ
ճʵʵԭԸ£ֳ챾죬̫飬оƬ֮£Ȼûܿĵϸ
̫˴۾Īһֲᷢԣ˳ҲĻɻ󣬴Ӷֲ쿴
ǰѷǳͳꡣ
ǰϣоƬѾ¶ߡ
ܹӰ쵽ʱһҲһɳȵ۷֮ʱܴܿʱ硢ʱ䡣
ϤճļҲƺ˵
Ǿǹȥδһ磬ڣܡ
񻰴˵г֮Ϊ޽ɣڡ
˿ʱѾԶԶͨķ룬Ҳճ
ֻԼ֮ıʱ䣬طҲ޷ıκ飬ֻԴ͸ռ併ٰˡ
飬оƬֻƬҶӵ˾ˣȻǰѰϸ·ʧϾˡ
ʲô
оƬıʼ߶ˣȻδɳԾǱһ߱˼Ĵܡ
ճȻǵãоƬЩ·Ǵ޵Уġ
ֻҪоƬսδĳһ᳤ֻǿ
Ҳ̫ʧ䣬ֻҪһЩʱѡ
ԣоƬǰ򵥣һ˵ͷоƬڿƼ֮չֳоƬģֳģƺʱڱ䣬ʥ֮ƣоƬҲŻڱ仯Ŀʲô
ճ룬Ͱ
֪ǴʱĴܷţȻʵ֪Լߵٿȷһ㣬ԶԶûﵽ޽ɲΣʱ䡣
ҲֻԼĹͲٿԼƿصʱ䡣
ȻѻˣԹ޳Ҳ˻ôɾˡ
ô˵оƬճεĶߣֻҪԼ¶ţûܿóԡ
ȻˣǾʲôֻԭ챾ɫݾͺá
һ﷢չֱԼܳ׷̣ٹ˼ɣʱſԱ¶һЩԡ
Ҫ԰ɣþûˣǹġ
ճЩȵֺõ
˵Ż͵͵ȥǣŮ֣ǰͷ
űӣĸ¼ԸճһҪŻ¡
˵ȷݰʵұԲͬҪԸ̫ˡ
ۣ
ӵĿһۣ֪ʱָģճ֮ϡ
ճԥһ£ûж㿪ʹʹ
ѾͷذԼǰûͬ֡ľͱǼǳӣûô
ճٵĺʹ϶ЩЦݡ
ѩڻʢʤա
΢΢ͷ죬Ҫˣȥ԰ǿԣȥҲιۣҸڼң˵ҪҵѧʣҲһôûӦҲ˰ɣ
𣡡
ճһΣʱ
Ȼڱʥѹ֮£չֲ֮ܳܣԷȫһ˭֪ʲôֵֹı£
ԼէûгϤǰһУпܼ佻̸֮¶š
ķӦЩҲΪ졣
ԭ챾˵СֻҪŵ֣ŻӣжԶܶԶʲôҲ˵һ䡣
ӡУԼ׾ôˡ
Ժ΢΢תͷˮɽӴׯ԰


985 ͬһƬգϣ
ԶСͬһŲý⣬ׯ԰һ뻡
ɽдУɽá
ԶԶܸоõ԰һɰ͵ա
´µĽȺβţһͥԺĸоֻһȥƲĿ⡣
Ĵϵһ񻨶ȤȻֱʡ
ֻҵһԺ˺
ճðէ࣬Ҳ̾Ϣһ
ͬǰ;Զţһߵúȣڷٽţѹһռ¾޴ĵ̡
ü˹Сݸӡ
ǰ󺮣ȴΪһʱڲ֪żиãӶŮûӦúǼѡ
вֱ࣬Եơ

߰ɣҵ԰ſڣ㲻˰ɣҼⶼȥ
ϴһ˿Ц
˭ˣ߾ߡ
ճüԴη̬ǰС
ոճĬһ£˼ŷŵ飬Ƿ˲Զ¡رߣݽǣмˡ
Щ·̬һ˿ע⾫̬Эż񣬾䡣
̬ೣˡ
ǹעص㣬԰ˣׯ԰֮ڣƺǾӣڷʲô
Ǿˣȴҵıڣڼң˭ôĿŵ
ճơ
ǰҲΣȴעЩЩ˵ΪŹ֣ճһܿóͨˣȴôҲֲ˵ģֻӶ
רҵ
ճĬĬţɶ࿴ۡ
Щˣǲھˡ
ü۶δһ£˵Щ֣ճܷаЩ档
ҲʲôҪ飬ֵЩǵ۹̽ӣҲ׳鱨йģһЩ֣רżӸϵĸ١
Ϊʲô
ճȻôţ˭˰ɣô֮֮أ
ļвйϢ
Ϊ磬ףͿԪת˲ǧ漣Щ˳棬Щܴȸı˿ƽף߲ٿˮ𣬷ˡ˵иʲôõ뷨ᷢʲô飿
ңͨ˴ܴ˺
ճйоص̽
ˣΪѾԼԣ˳ΰӰ챾ԪһЩִƼ첻飬ɱΣֵָ۹ôܷģԾɳרҵʿʱල
˵ЩԺ
Լܹ۹ţҹ٣Ҳһ飬һ˻ûʸ
˶ֵЩĸ˵ǼҲã˵ǱҲãǰϣҸȫ֪Ҳ⣬ȥƻءΪƻص׸ֶ۹ĵӣܿΧ
㸸׾ܵˣ
Ҹײһ
һЦûٶ˵ʲô»ָĮݡ
˻֣ͽ԰ţܹ֮Уûлͷ
ճ˼Ҳת뿪ĵԼɵˡ
Է˵ûмӣʵû
ĵ۹ԱҲֻΪ۹һӣʲôЩ˺ܸܿͷֲˡ
̶ʱһν̸ҲûϢļһΪʲôйͬˣ
ʵôһ¡
Ҳƽ¶ýˣ쵱һ⽻̸䣬Եûпϡ
ҲǽԼֳ¸ҵһ棬ڶԷ΢ıһЩӡŻ˵䣬һ¾һߴߴᣬٴ𻰡
˵ദģʽܲ
Ǻʵ֮ŮǰѹɽͬŮҲǰЩ
Ʋ಻ʤĸõ۹˼ɵĸ֣أʮķ䣬ѾﵽжΡ
ʮ֮ǰͻĽȫ⣬¼
ѵõǣϵţʹﵽף֡ġ顢Ҳﵽˮ׼գǴﵽĽˮ׼
ˣͬһʱһֲңͷȫȥˡ
վԱʲôҲ˵Ҳ˴ѹ
һ˭ƽȥ
е׷ȴСŮύǼֺá
ûѡ
̫㣬Թ¶
Ϊһʮ껪СŮ㣬ҲǿЦഺ
ѹĵףʵҲʧ䡣
һ첻ҲͿˡ
Ĵ㣬һֻʮʮ󡣬һǴ
ɫ޴衭
ûһ˿۵ĵط
ΨһֵóƵǣҸһЩ飬Сʱ顣
ȻҪҲһ㣬ܹĽԵΨһԭ򣬻ΪƤ񣬹޳ܡ
ȻҶκ˼ȴסͱӡ
ôҲ缵ʡȻ
Ϊںɫļһ˵㱻еŮһˮҲɾȻ˵㡣
ҲΪ޳ܾŻܷɵĸƤ䣬˵ϻˣҲջͳȥ
ֵã
ճ뵽Ҳ̲ס¶Ц⡣
ǡ޵Сڡ


986 ͬһƬգ£
ճͷһۣǲ֪ƣԶԶĵ۹֣ﶸȻһ顣
Ӹոյ̽п֪׸Ȼž޴ҫ븻󣬵ʵȴҲĿΪΪ
ԶԼڴ֮ʱɱ˭ɱ˭ʲôʲô
̫࣬һԼһĹ
Ǵģѹһеʵһ֮սȫ磬ֻܹԹء
ô˵ǰȴԼԼˣǸܱѩĪͷʵֹҡ
ô˴ģҲֻɳ£ͨһЩг֣߿ԳĽ׶壿

ճһ̫ܶϢĴڳ֮УƵĿķ
֮УһƬʥţܿüá
һһһĪϸСϸǿ壬Ԫ˷ָ
ѵõʢ
۴һ棬ȵִҪǿࡣ
ҲΪԪŨȣ߿ʵͬʱҲѹסճӡ
ϣ˵ıαˣճԭĽ۷彫ҪԲҲж
̸ϵԪ˺һˡ
ǰսֵʱճȵķ֣ԼóȫҲܼһ˿
֮ʱΨһõֻӦͼɣƴͱĹ
£ֶܷӳĪá
ûзȥͬĽҲûһƴһƷ
ҪɱУֻһ취Ǿǽбȥ˺ѱ˵壬Լǿֱѹ
ǻϢҲǺϢ
һճѡҲʹһЩ
ĵһ
ĪͷԳ֣ճֻܶӣӵùȥ
ϵӦġ
Ȼ֪Īͷײҳ֣һǿԼסҲͷˡ
Ȼʵòڡ
ֻҪڼʵͳڣĪɳʲôĸ֣ҲԸ
ճ֮ƶĪͷ֣ƾղ룬ʵǼڷϡ
λȻʮֵ£ܲøԼйϵڲص¡
Īͷ۹ȻҲͬһǵλ
µ˳ԣŲȥᡣ
ϾҸֻһЩ˽ϵδ׽Ҫʱӵĵز

裬ҵǲģ
һССŮغ
ŮԼʮ꣬СüĿ续ʮ־Өʱ۾ȴˮ
ôͲأǼЩѣǮȥѧϰ䣿˵Ůѧ廨գѧʲôһżҲͥӵԺ޸˼ҡ
ҲҲƫģǼһΪʲôѧ㻹ÿθܶǮһ
СŮŵǻԼȥ
ˣȥȰȰС㣬̫Ŀ޻塣
һʮº͵ʮŮ˲ĵ˵
ȥɣ٣ҲƫģӺ˵Сûľ츳ľ̫ܲľУΪŮѧ廨滭գѧʲô
Ů̾һҡҡͷܿóü֮価ƣˣ˿˿׷ǼΪòľһЩϼ

ճվſڣһᣬ˽ȥ
ԺһƬΣ̵ĻƵİ׵ģ
֪һյĸ
ԼԺһЩݣһЩɫ޵ƽƷ֣ǰЩ껹רŵĻŪԴϽÿ֮󣬲Ӷˣлʦȫˡ
ֻʣɩһڼæԸùʡ
ɩ޹ʣ˵أΪһĸ׹ϧľԾһֱӶˡ
ʮȥˣҶѾɼˣҲûʲô⣬ɩҲҵԼļҡ
ܿʱĵݻڳôһ԰ӣҲǺܲˣϧǹȥܿó²ɣ𻵵ĺۼûǮɡ
ճϸĹ۲Ժӣ֪꣬Լļˡ
С죬ˣôˣѧԺǮǲǽʦǮˣǧǺʦ⼸һʴ⣬˲٣㡭
ճ΢΢ûɵ˼¶ѿڶ裬һǮû⡣
һڣסȫ䡣
ִıѪڷţΪһǸû뵽Ǻܿġ
ճϧţЦŵǮϴʦ˵ѧţ㵹ǮҲĴӡ
ȻǼٻˡ
ʵԭûѧҲûѧУʲôʦָֻ˸ڣҪڼõǮӻгӡ
ϾҲôѧϰɼҲܲǻС˾͸
⺢ӣеǮĵļۼҵ⻹ãĻá
춮£ϧοЦ
ǿаŷճУŷ滹logӡšУճ֪ΨһĲҵҲǹϧԴһСꡣ
ܹͶ޻ѧԺѧѾǴҵġ


987 ߽ϣ
޻ѧԺǹѧԺѿɲˣѧѺ֮ճʵԣ
ϧÿææµģſС
ⷽԸԼŮȥѧҲˡ
Ľ磬ɱѧԺרŵĽʦҪ󣬼Ѹ𣬸˵ʦ̵ˣ֡
οԼҶӻǳ塢Ϊʱ򣬸ûһǮ

ճĬĬĽӹŷ⣬оĹҵģ֪ΪΣһЩġ
ŵʱ򲻻⣬𣬱ճ֮ᵽϧŨŨĸӳ˼
ĸʱĸԶӴˡ
ϧҴ˵˼䣬ͽ˸绰˵ǵЩ£ٻһ˺úõĶĩ뿪ˡ
ճվԭ룬ķȥ
Сǰ˵ĻѾȫˣʱװŷǧ۹ңоʮ֡
Ҫ֪ǼһҲֻöǧ۹ҡ
У֪Сʵû츳ǸţԺѾ½üã轣˿ء
ˣôİõǮȥһõǰ;
컹Ǹ
ճҡҡͷ
˼ͼСƲֵһ˶ǽǣһѻݺݵļ֦Ѿ͹ϸߡ
ûлЩһɩʱæҲҪ֡
ڼҲûжŴϧ˵ŮӼǳջǼҪһ㣬ȻԺ˻ᱻҿ
ò˵ϧֽճǱȽͬģЩʮָմˮĹˮ飬ȵһʱͻͷۡ
ȻǮܶ࣬ӶȺģҲνˡ
ûϵʦ
ɨҲûϵӶˣһʮǹҲܴɾ
ţճ֦ģЩЦ
СȻĸ׵ƫʮֲһ߾СһļŴ֦
ֻЩ֪ͣʲô
ճϸһЩ죬һ£ŷСüڵʹ㡢̡ĨǶԽʵʮϲǷء
󺮳µ磬ʱСϰҲûѧ
СֱۻĶŻӰӣҲ֪͵ѧģ
ճ˹ȥ£ŷƤ¡
һᣬС̬ЩСɰܶԷԼǼһԹصӡ


ﲻ⣬ճЦҼǵþ轣һѧԱշǧˣȥɣ֪ˡ
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ѾʱûҰˣǲǿǼԽŽˣҲԣ㸸湦ѡϰԭҲôؾ̵
һʮĳŮϲԹ
ŲյһڣƮʮŲ㾲֮У򿪵Ĵڣӳ÷䷺߲ʡ
ͷ紵һʪϢƱǶˡ
ʮֿȴԵú͸һֹ֮Ůббһִӹ͸ţȡ
̣ʱѧϰԽһ㣬û˵׻ᴫ似ǿɾͲ´ˡɵúܣѧʲôôѧȫԼѡ񣬱㻹ҪҪȻҲܵѧˡ
Ů˽ǰվĶ֮һǰЩһֱϽ飬ȥ򣬾֡
дǵĺôССǵ
ϽҲϲһΪ˴紺˺
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׽˾ְɱֲŮʵ䡣
ϽձΪŮӻǸž轣ݵѧϰ½轣ҪһЩϸ壬Ҫǳսɣ̬
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993 ·ϣ
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994 ·£
ȻֱӰɫˣ赸ʦ賡ʪ
ܵ첲⡢米⴦ԣŵһ󵭵㣬ճһ亹
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ѧܸտʼѧܵõʦֵӣնǰ;
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һǼѪҺӿıܷӦ
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ھѧĿ֮£д趼ңǻʲôϢ
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995 ⣨ϣ
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Χ̲סȲʣոճͬ˺
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ƮƮȴԼԼġ
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ЩѧԱֹ֣ҲЩˡ
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996 ⣨£
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ɲɵǣճΪʧ⣬гʶ裬ƵֱۣڻƵ֮ϡ
һԵһбһͷڵϣˤ˸ࡣ
ۣ
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źѪڵϣشʮִۡ
ʦ֣û°ɣҸոһʱ֣СĴ㣬ǶԲˡ
ճæܹȥ᳤ɫ
ѽʦݶˣȻһϽİȥҽԺװϣȻԺ˵©ء
ճͷҽƺǴ֡

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ҲˣȻճĽ̫ãһ㶼См˻ôལҲû·磬ȻҲǶޡ
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˰ϰȫţֻоޱȻһʱûзӦ


997 ԽŽϣ
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ԽŽһֶǵԽŽศɣĴ彡кܴ
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998 ԽŽ£
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˵ˣԼĵ·
Լĵ·ôǰٺãҲǲӦġ
Ʒԣһ֮кټÿһǶĴ緽ţԪ
뾲羫Ӣ࣬ûκƵģͷİɣ񣬾òӰ쵽Լ£ڹУϽѧ԰վˡ
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ճƶԸ˼һ֪ھĿɣҲЩ⣬ĿһۣˬЦ˺ٲӦԼԭԼˡܼ뾲羫Ӣ࣬ҵҡ
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ճķӦûгϣǲȥѧϰطǲˡ

վſڣ˿ŻƱȥҽԺ
ѧԱǵĿ⡣
Ԫɫ׹ֱðǿðŰ
ݺݵĵʦ֣ѵһէѧԱﵽͷȥˣھҶڴ38ھӢѧԱÿصʵ졣
ôͷվÿʵУٺõĻҲûʲôá
Ӻƽƺû̫Ӱ죬ֻǵɨһԪ٣һ˿Ū
ȸ֪֮־
ͬΪӢѧԱЩ˸Ͳľֻ֣ҪԼ룬־Ϳѹ
Уһʱ⣬ǣҵˣ´εС磬һҪúýѵС
ԪȻûӺƽȻǻŭ佣֣¶úˡ


999 Ӱ˼Σϣ
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ճ뿪ʱĪϼѾˡ
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ճҲ⣬ЦЦﳤȥ
ȻǵñʱʱĴһȤӰ쵽ľ͵ˣĪϼ⵹һ⣬µڵȷǲýӰ
һսȴȥһ׮ź飬ճޱ飬ϴһɣԡ͸ɡ
ټϵ˾羫ӢѧԱʸѧһЩشоǳЩϲ⡣
һͻһЩٶ
ڣճ뵽վȥζһ´˷
ðɣʵڴѾԼûɶǮˣٳȥ⳵оΣ
ʮԪ۹ңܸԲϼٺõģ˵ˡ
ǧ۹ҸСȥѧûкڣ˵ԼǮȻҲǼٻ
Ȼ˱˸磬ܵиӣ
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ͻȻǰԶһ긾ŮббŲ෽ԵǸȴǿ쳵ųɳڶ
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һȻȥǰмάɢȺ
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һλܼ͵ĸ߼Ӷʮˣһ׮ͯհȫԱ棬˰˵۹ɳĽ׸ִرжӳǻͽɱ
˵Աŷа¶ĴԵСΪ˾
ֻ˵аѵ㳹ճȴǲ֪ļûС
Ǵ¼Դ𣬾ΪͳվſڣܼͶǹ˶ԷһĽͽץһβ͡
ǹ˶Էͽ
뵽ʱ·ϴŵĽϵѪζɭܵľ񹥻ճƺʲô
Ӧ˼ݣ˽±¶μɱˡ


1000 Ӱ˼Σ£
뵽ճһڴ绰㱨ܼͶЩ
֪δĸоʵôá
ڵճЩҪѶԷ
죬㲻Ҫȥ참аͽģȥ˻
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νа񣬾ûлõ۹ϵһЩoһЩǿĹ
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ЩûϵĳЩ룬ҲûŷǶڰﴫ̡
Ȼͽ࣬Ұղ紵¶һ
۹ɰٴ͹ͬҲǻͨη˼Ŷԡ
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ԣȡṱ׻֣ʵûжջҲòʲôˡ
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ʱ̫ȫȻǱȰȥ˵
ճԺת߰ͷ͵˼ſڡ
һԹ緹ճͽռ䡣

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Ŭˣ츳ˣʵⶼܹúܺá
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ʰճڸն˵һ£éǰžһӰһӰ
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ǿǣֱ
ճȻֻһ񣬲һȴȻԸܵһǿѹȡ
жǿ
ȻǰվĴʼԪ˵Ϊˡ
׳񣬶˷Եģ۹ֻˣȫǽǿߡ
Ե۹ս֮ԽΪҲûе
ڴ˷磬˵ǰĸ󺮻Ҫǿ࣬Ҳ۷Ľ֡
йλõ񣬵ȴ˽ݾΪģս
ƾԼ򽣵񣬲ŻԶǰ
ⷽԪԸʵںܺճθڡ
ߣгһգԷɹ
ԪӰ֮ҲϻֻԹ˵ԽŽ۹ŴྶͥԪֻر塣
ΪΨΨңûдɹߣ׼𣿡
ճһо֪Էʾˡ
ֻһԵʾѧ˾ѧˣѧ㿴ǧҲѧᡣ
˵ˣһִУĴ⣬ÿԣҲġ
ҪΪǴоѧᡣ
ʮ䣬վ彣Ѿݣѧֻоˡ
Ľ׵ֻжˣͻ׵ģԪˣȴһûС
ԣ棬ÿǷϡ


1001 ϣ
˵ʱƭԼעһЩҪĶİڡ
һ㣬ٳɫˣҲ⡣
ԣЩƾôеĸ״ӣҴľӢӵܣܱƽǿΪõĽ̵һ
Ԫ׽
Ͷ㣬ת
ÿһ鼡ɶÿһ͸ĿС
໥Ӱ㴫ݣ罾ƴꡭ
Ԫ翴һ׶¡
ͨˣʱͻᱻʫƪҡ־пһԺ
ǲȫʱжֻպϰ֮ʱʱʱģڵ
ȻҹĳһͻȻѾʮʽǶкϡ
ĽŶĽ࣬Ѫ˾ͿͻƵڶס
ٵĳһ죬ͻȻ
֮ʱ˺ӦľĸԶϣϣһ塣
ˣͻƵεʸ
ȴ֪Ҫꣿ
ǿ˲һѧᣬѧˣһɣҲһͻơ
ճϢԪѶʮʽԽŽ˳Ŵһ飬˻ʱ籩꣬ʱ磬г졣
ѧϰ˭ѵĶҲѲҡ
ʲôĴԡģȫǻ˵ģ
ճϷ΢Ц
ʵһ֡
վ棬˵ӢӵôԽʮʽΪ׵ѧԱȥܲɫܻԪָ㡣
ճΪȻȻѾѧ˾Ҫֺαظǣ̫ָɣʱоˡ
Ԫǲ̣ʲôˣһȴû˵
ԽŽͼʵﵽ׽֮󣬸ݽ겴¼Ƶġ
һѧȥһ׽ݷѧٶ
һСѧȥѧʾ۵ֻ֤̣ܵõһЩƤëܲˡ
Խʮʽڽϰд֮־ɱУϰͺ˽ˣ㲻˵ЩĿ鼡˶
һϸûбǣ
֮ʱѪܵûкϸ
ǸΣֻʯͷӡ
ճȫһ
걾Ľ۷񶥶ˣǿƥ
۾ԪҲ˶٣Ȼܶÿһְأܲס
оƬԪʾĶʮʽˣһϸϸӣһɡ
ѪԼ֮ľȫճʶɡ
Ԫȫ׶ӰʧճԺУһӰɡ
һһʽһ˿ĴŶʮʽ⣬Ȼ
ˣʱ˵Ѿѧˣ
ԺĶʮʽѾĽΪʺԼĽճͣҴ뿪Сéݡ
ֻ룬ѧϰϰȴõջʵ֮С

ȥ˾轣ݣһξɩû˵
ɩʰ÷ѾȥСνˮ䣬Ȳķƽ䰮СľڷһһʽȻ
˵ĳ򽣻½ڽģʱأ
һһ⣬Ϸɡļ࡭
һһʽĴŽУ裬ﻹдʡ
ȥĴУֻͷʮֽҲ̡
ͣϲ׿˵ţ½ʮϣȻûֻźܴջ񡭡ҵδҪˣһָܻǰҫ
СŮ۾ųʡ
һԸó̫ˡ
ǸһǴɺɫø硣
ǧԪ۹ұķϣС㣬Ժմ⡣
еСľֲ֮˴£СԴ룬ͻȻһ
Ǽһ羹ȻûгȥŰ㣬Ҳûȥļ賡Ϲ죬һֱڼУŴصʵʲô
ѵ˵ĳ£
ԽԽпܣչҪ֪£ܻܿð
Ҳ̲סĲ룬šź緿ȥ
ȴȥűߣǵ˺󴰴
Ժǽڣסĳ
ǽǳҰҰ߲ϥ
ƽҲˣ֪￴ȥԿԼҸķ䣬ΪҪ⣬Ĵδʵ
ʮСŮȻСʵѾˣѶر𷢴ʱһܵ轣ݽǮѧ֪Сһﾫúܡ
ʱ͵ٶֱᳵ·רϰճû֡
ҲԣԼУ˭Сã
Ҳûʲôɱףʱ޿̵ɢ֮
֮ԽԼΪɫʵԭġ
һ˳Ĵķ䣬ͷλ̫ĸ羹Ȼڷһ߿ƬϴЦһ߻ĳֳ£ʮּ١
ʱȫŻˡ
챻ײ£Ҳ߳ŭͷŭɶץסԼô˼ƨɣѵ˼䡣
ԺһԼҸͿʼ
СͺϣҲѹû˵
϶˵ˣѧȻͺݺݵһ١ȥɫ
뵽ƺоԼƨЩʹСﲻɺ޺޵žġ̽ͷ򴰻϶ȥ


1002 £
ף衭
ȻǲҵһΪҲƴˡ
ﲻ֪Լʧ⣬ҡҡͷһĵû¡
ֻУһӰŹŹֵ赸ֽչŤΥ״ʱʱ
˵ţǲһͻŤԼĲӺͼ׵
һ˴ӷճĺˮûü䣬ͱһϡ
ŴоǰĴһһĵ𵴳Ľ࣬紵жƺĽ
ѧԺôֵ赸𣿺ܺÿҪҪҲȥ赸ѧϰ
֪ʱСѾôסֻ÷һ˶Ӱޱİߴ
ǰ֮еӰɽת
ȼˣ
ڶȻһȡ
һɫâͬӰ𣬴Ŀ
æסС죬㾪г
ž
ˣ
һǱڣмּҵĲôǽڶ΢΢
һŵһһСľˤ˸ƨա
ѵɫǸ绹ڼװͲʵƣһڼݳ
ôҲ벻ףһᣬվȥ
ȴַѾӰŲԶȥȻڴŹˮ
óȥϴԡ𣿡
صǰԺȥ벻ףԺոյĹӰֻĸƺһЩͬ
ʣԺȥҳǰСľװģϰʱʱճķš
Ȼ

ݳްݳޣֻѣͻһƬҶӵˡ
ǮǮѡ
ճԼ̫Ҳ̫ã᲻úײסǵ뷨¶ȼˡ
жʮʽ֮ƺʲôأһȼռֱͣ
оƬһƬҶӣôʧ
Ҫ֪ڻ·ϾˣҲŵõôһˣһ¾ȥ֮һ
һһ˵Ļոһͻ˾ȼǧ˵ķݡ
ÿԾ
롣
أ
Ҳôס
ڰվӮõתˣоƬûʾ
̫ˣֵü㡣
뵽˴ʧճʹֱ¡
صǰʱϵϣ˺ܱһһ֣ϧŵã뿪Դˡ
ž
һߺ˼ţһűӣò˵ͶעõĳɹҲܾˡ
ϴּȥĿɺںɫȳ£ɵ졣
ǰѭ򽥽˾ͻƣҲųһЩĻҺɫͻ֮󣬲׶塣
һͣͿͬˡ
Ķֱֹܿа˽
浽Ŷ۹
һɳƲȥճ򿪳ȥԡңһϴ˸ɾ
˺һᣬųһŪɾˡ
壬·ߵͷ޴ش¾ǰ˹ȥ
ӳճӰһ
ǰѾϺ˧ҶСɫƺ֪ĳûУһԳƵϾޱȡ
Ҳ֪ǸɶûеļһȻƨɺڵԭ֮һ
Ĳ˵һ𲻶ˡ
أ
ճžꡣ
üԶɽˮҺ죬ϸзŽϢֻҪһۣƲ۾
ԲۣҪǰֵĻҪ椰ֻҪһָ࿴Ů˿ź
˧ѾϲԼˡճЦá
ǰļ֮УΪԭò̫ɫ̥֮ҲʺãûϵһξôһƤҡ
ĿӼ
ճоܴ֮ڵһӶֱ롣
һһڲһľһһھдС
׼Ҵľʱܻоʹ
йҲᵣǲгһջý١
ǲͬôйûио
ھתһС죬ʹӿȡһϢ
ǵԿԲٶڻ׳󣬱ǰȿ˺ֹһ
ľϲ屾

ֻǾһ壬ϴ軻ѪתΪ죬ֱӴﵽǡ
һȭоһαĿ֨֨¸·
ճæͣȭͷĴĵգﲢȭŵĺõط
ҪһȭŴ»ԼҸˡ
뵽ճҪȥһ¡
ò׻ָһЩʵһ壬ﵽĸ磬û׶壬
š
ճŶŰ֣һʱ
仯̫죬ǣһʱỹƿزˣǿ꣬ҲиӦڡ
ΪһһεأһЩӰԼ
ѹ˵϶ʮʽԽŽõϰңԭﰡ
ѹͣĸı䣬ѹڵ⣬Ӧ
ٶȴθͣƿҡ
죬ȥһ˾硭
ճ˼
࡭оԼ壬ճͻȻоһɼǿļﷺһˮ˺ڡ
öֱһͷţãոȼǿ壬ȴûвҩ̫ˣóȥһˣҼҵӴһ١ڼﲻУ̫಻ý͡
ͻļճ۾΢΢̣ǿѹס飬߳š
ȴСϢȶϸϸζ²ء
֮Ա֣һСʲôִʲôͲˡ

е鱾СԴ˹
ԽԽˣǸˣȴһ
ÿ
СԼҸ磬Щ㶣ֻһϢ˶֮С
ѧĽݺɫǸһ٣ʱţȴ֪ΪΣʲô뷨ûˡ
ճɨһСԷŵľһЦ֪Сڿʼϰ⣬ҲѾչ¶츳þ轣˵ӡ
ȴСѾͷճһ˿
ҸģϣһֱҸ
̲סڿɰСһѣ˵ҪͰ
ףΪʲôˣֻǵĹһбҪôж
ãһƲסԼֽ̫أǸжʹġ
ճתһ룬ͷ亹ſȥ
졭
СѾڻץСľ׷


1003 ָףϣ
һݿţ⣬ֻն졣
ճ˺ҧһֻV۾Щһϲץֻӡ
죬ҪҪȥҽԺѾ˺ܶ࡭
һֺĴЩɣ˼ҿĲ´Ǻʵˡ
ճЩȻڨڨЦҪմǣҿûĽҲףԵȫͣİɣʿͻƲŻԵö㡣
֪ڵʲô޷Գų£ӶΡ
ңҶˣƽҲչ⣬ٻ֡
һ֪Լĳôƽղ˵ܱͲ˵𣿡
ִƢãҲ֪
Ȼ̫ճȴõȷˡ
˵ζô˵أֻˣһЩζζζ㲻ϡ
Ȳϼɩķˡ
˵׳գһˮƽǿǿ
ؼñ˰
óܳô𣿡ճ̧ͷ˵ͳŻݣҲް
Ȼ֪Լղ̫ã˭ϲ˿أִЦ۾ճҲǳԳŵӣ͸ˡ
תͷһüͷСȥ˲˰Ÿ
СǸʮҵСԲԲģеȸߣü۵㣬ʱ˫Աϣճ⡣
˫ðģôҲƲ۾ԭڷա
裬˵ʲôСһҲߺͷͽ˺
һᣬһţնС鲽ߵճǰС磬ԣҭţȥΪʢͷ
ճ̧ͷЦллŵ⡣
˵ͷ
ֱֻԽȥһ¶ǣһ䶯ʳͱøɸɾ
һɹ֫ٺ弱գһŨŨӿͷ
˵һɫôŲ񣿡
Щʧתȥ
Ҳˣ϶ƽûеһʣԭҰϵĳůƲ۾
ҪǣɫԵ֮ӵĶҡ
ò׳˰˷ֱճͣˣԪǮڵĸŮЩĿ֮Ķӡ
ԺҳԷ̫ˡ
ճЩģ
СͲûˮˣߣָʲôأ
˳˧Ҳһ鷳°ճ鸴ӡ
ʱԱ㣬ȥٺúӦɫѲ磬Ͳȥˡ

ڶ졣
ճ磬ʱֻʮԪԳƵһףʵҲ𳵡
һʱᣬȴûʱȥǮ˭桱Ҫʮţ졣
Źϧÿٳֻ꣬Ͳ˼ҪǮֻӲš
߽磬ûóԱɫСװķС۾һѾӭ
ѧԱȥңȥңϰָ
ȥҰɣ

ﵽӢѧԱ֮Ͽѡÿʽ£ûҪͨѧԱһ̵߲ܽ
ӺơԪ١ǣÿͻϰָʱʱҪþ繱׻
ϺǾͻȥҡңʱʱ䡣
ճˣΪ˵ӺʱζʮŲᵥҲײ
һ·ѧԱĿ⣬ճ¥ҡ
һķξңڵűһϸձЩԣǷֹѧԱʱá
С˵÷ͳȥš
֮ʱЩԱǲһԹۿġ
Ķ崫ȻǾܣҲֻоӢѧԱѧϰ
ȿһɣԿ
ҪӦͻȻٶȣҪѹõİ취ʵɱΣͷȻȻƿȫ̫ΣˣһΪԶ羲ȫ
ˡ
еĿһһ۲ɲϢѹճͷ
ƺһ͸о΢΢Щ֫Ǳס
üһƼչˣʿȷǸȫλѹȣ֪ǿ϶ٱ
ճվԭӦһ£ΣŻظڵѪʼչ㡣
ڵ⣬뵽ϸΡ
оԼĳذͻȻԾ
Ѫܸ죬³´л٣оƬӾ֮Уϸ̻һ
ϰһ˿˿һ뼡֮С
һһţĳر仯


ʮ
һӦʮ֮ճѾһ
ʮ֮£ŸоǿҲʸо
ֻ縺ɽЩģѪҺ٣ҲǷүүһٶ۲
Ҫġ
ʮʽԽŽճлڿϢĻػ
ǿ壬ʱ˹âƺ״ӳ˯˹
ÿһȭÿһţÿһÿƣҳ
Ҳ÷޺죬ҺӶʶ£֮³
ĶǺһһʽŤŲţžԽԽ졣
ܿ죬ȼܻ棬˷š
һĥϣһ塣
˵֮ǰͬһ͸Ѥ䣬ȴһ˾¾Σžϸչ

ףڳϰѵ֪һνңҪѭ򽥽ӦһʱһʼϰԽŽôŵ
йһĿʼ鿴㿪ĻңͿճڻӺ꣬ʮʽˮϵĺˮԷ˺εѹ
Ǻ֣Ҿ˵ʱΪӢѧԱΪʱɡһСͺܻܿ˵֮࣬һһӡɰġ
ٴʱҲڣʱ˵һԵúǲΪȻ


1004 ָף£
ǾĽܽϰʸԤָǶھӢѧԱָо顣
ȻܹŶµȨֱճΪӢѧԱộôȴǵٵġ
ٵ͹ϾӢѧԱĵΣֻ͵ϮӮƣʲôţ
ʲôʱվҪ֮ˣ
ҪΪ羫ӢѧԱмǱزٵġ
һƷԣһǡ
ɷǴҪġ
ΪⶫɣöþˣֻҪڿ죬ܻɼ
νƷԣ˵Ҫжôºͣʵ˵Ǳԡ
Ϊӣʹߵηսֱȡ
һսճд裬Ҳˡ
ʲôսȫСں֣һĴ⣬һͶȡɣͶȡɵײӮˣ˵ĻǵӮˡ
ӮķʽΪϲ
ڶǣָľˣʵָʡ
һ߶Զʡ
ҪˣǻÿⲻΪ̫һ㣬ȡ
ˣΪھ鲻㣬ԭ¡ճӮýңû塣
ҡͷʧЦ֪λ׺Ͻϰ̫ϣԸΪִҲȥۡ
ֻ赭д˵ҵǾĽ츳ߣҲźܴǱպɾͿɿӺƱ⣬ϲļĿԴɡ
ʱ£̸˼䣬˭Ҳ˵˭
λϰһԣ˿ˣһʱҲо˴ξ糿Щ΢
һᣬͼڵ˴ʱѾ˵ط˽ڡ
Ͳĵطˣ񾭷ӦٶȵĵطѧԱԽգսܲȻ
ֻıǵ㣬еĳΣеĳ״еĽɿ״
лͷͽ£Ҳʱʱĳֹ
Щȫɣڿоʵʣɸ״ģʮ˰
ϰסҲţֻԵǱ
ǾӢѧԱơԪˣ֮УҲŲһʱ䣬͵úܿˡ
ֻдʦӺƣӶʧ֡
ΪԽԽ죬˺йһƬȥ񵲹ˡ
ֻǷ߽ӰɭɭĨնǰȦƷӣûŹһ
ת۾͹һӣȻ룬û©һι
ãȻĳʱ֮ʱôûôҾ;֣ԭǷӦر
ϲ

䣬ͼڵĹӰһɢͣճѾʰƷ׼뿪
Ц֪͵סˣ͸ɴֹͣȫûս޵뷨ôʵǸ߷塭ȻӦȫƮʽҲ㲻ʲôԸʵ˵ӺƱˣҿԪٵжס
С㣬ҿľӢѧԱ֤ջʵľӢѧԱᱻϽͬЦġ
һ˳ɼôԼĽ͡
ճҲЩʧѵֻܳһӣҲôҽ仯ȥȥǴ̻ǲ̫أǸûã
˳䣬ճѾų˽ҡ
ΪŲסͣǾ񾭷ӦԼô˹۾©ĵ
֮ȥȥһд̷ֻǾõƾ˳һܷ⵲ķ棬õŶֽţ
ۼ񾭷Ӧճֻ˵Լ츳ھѾ޷
еĹﶼţӲĽ׶ĸӦ
ʲô
徭ȼգϰ˶ʮʽѾﵽ۷壬ƷףʵȻеãʱЩԱ
ԽʮʽȻһžޱȵĽǣҼȻƿ壬ϣϣно׽Һܣ𣿿϶˴һġ
ճЦĵ⣬ԼأҲǵƣûҪⱩ¶Ҫͷǲŵã֮С
ԼԼĿӸУӲĸӦ

Сӣڵȵˣôͷڹˣ˱ɵֶ͵Ϯ˻ƣΪԼǾӢѧԱˡ
ӭһߴ꣬Ŀ˹һֽǾ羫ӢѧԱϰճĽһģһ
˵Ǿ羫ӢѧԱԪ٣Ϊ·˳˸࣬˵ǰһԹճҲٹҼǡ
ǣǣ˼ȴˡ
ճɫһڣ̧ͷȴԪ٣¥ôʱѾӿ˼ʮͨѧԱһλֱĸ߰꣬΢΢ͷӹ
ǾӢѧԱʦӺƣȻڿϷ
Ӻ߲Զͷϰźıأ׵㳦Цţ۾ŷߺֵĹâ
ճһλʲôƶûˣ̲סЦָŻǰϵ˵ôô֣ԭ㳦ľȱݳûУ
βûɨһԪ٣ȫûᡣ
䡭
ѧԱȻЦ
ճȻ̱⻰ʵ̫
һѣ˹ȻûƵ㳦Ϻɫ˫˿˿͹⣬ͻԲⷭ
ͬʱһŻ⡣
㡭㣡
ƽԸ˻δ磬ֻΪճ뿴ԷݺݽѵģһʱԼʵˡ
ݱţʱְű˵̫㣬ɫ͵ͨ죬ȴҲް취
ֻ۹⿴Ԫ٣ϣֿһ㣬һ㣬ҲСӴͷ


1005 ַϣ
֣վ缸ʱ˽ѰˣȥܻԺô
Ȼվְ塣
ȻճıֺͣҲֻǿǱʮжټʱս
ӮƻȡɣԸԪȴеġ
˴Сͺ¶ݣѧУǺ׺ѧڽҲһЩǮƽµĹܾ㡣
ǣš˽֮ãÿһζȫˣֵ׺ý
ƾĻ䡣
˽ΪȻսȴԨ֮
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ճⲽߵԪٸǰ΢΢£Цеоһϵ¡׵ϧһƴˣûаʹ㳦㳦һ֧㣬δЩ
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һĲӹճоһЩЩ죬Щů
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һͬԱĴǰг৵һһ⡣
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Ȼżʮĺݽɫһֶʵˣʹ棬ȥ棬ץͱˡ
ñ޳ܵĴַǾʤ


1006 ַ£
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ɣ÷·óǧعӰһƬư
ͷն֮ʱȴֱѹÿžһ죬ܾһˣȫֹסΡ
֮䣬֮Ʈߣٿ֮תΪңɵֻҪŲžͻˡ
ﶼð뷨
ŲǾѧԱʦ֣ư磬ԪٸȣЬ䡣
ˡ˽ƣЩȻ֮ܵóĿ콣ܸסҲܲסǹɴֻø˽ٵ³
ΪѾˣʱʦֳ֣֪졢ˡ
˾ӣߣӺʾս֮ơ
ѧԱȫۺۣһƬ
ͬڽϰһžͼһĻӺһܡõճ˰ء
ˣҪ£Ӻ׶ĽȫתطԲ֮䣬ҪĽһϽ磬ܽϰ٣ҲҲڶˡ


1007 ϣ
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ٿ٣λܽϰȫԸܸܿϵһٲ˵̫ء
ƺȴֶٰļûС
ͷֻǸź뼫ΪĿŽ⣬ţһܵԽŽս֮Ҫݺ޵С
ðɣָͷԼˡ
һϡһ졭
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ճƺ۲⣬ǰһԲƣճı֡
ʱһ¶ϲ
鵶ˮˮ㽣ɣǧ򻯡

Ӻὣؽһն䣬ԤеĶԷ˷ɵĳδ֣ȫ
ƺԼȫ໨ϣԽǹ֮ҲԽǿһ˺ǣ֮ĽŲЩվȡ
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ͷ촽ţһ仰Ҳ˵
ǰ۵־仹صУ
ǳɾͲߣ
Ҫջؾ羫ӢѧԱƺţ
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֮Ϊ£ΪУΪϡ
˵ճĽѾԼľһ˿ԡ
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ʮĽףٲҲȥ²⣬û˭ʲô

ճ߹ӺԣѧԱȫŴ˵
ǰô룬û˾档
ʦӺƱñܽϰҲгֱ۲ֻܿ
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˸ƣһǰһɫϸСľС
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1008 £
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ճҲɣֱиǣͼƳΪף֧СƿƿһҺ壬΢΢ǵɫһһ
ԭҺϷʱҲܵõһƿ˵ɾԶֹˡ
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ոתҪͻγ򣬴ǳܲס׵ģһиؿܲסĺң϶ߡҪ˳ͻƣꡢͬʱﵽĽ۷壬ҲĽ׺ڡ
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ĻֻҪı繻࣬ȡԭԽ࣬ͻԽԽǿ󣬶ͻԽԽѹֵ۹λսʿְҵҲܴԭ
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Ϊ֮ӡѪ֮֮ڣ𣬴໯ԪԺճǿ󣬾ʢĽٶҲӿһЩ
ʱ˱仯Ҳһ˿⣬ϧҩ仯û̫ô
Ϊ֮Ѫ֮أ֮ڣѸ໯Ԫ֮ᱻǿһ
деĺôˣ˵ҪĽ۷ǣĽ꣬Ȼܳףϵڴľճ·

۶ԪԪ񣬹ʱɣҲǱˡ
üһԭҺôֶ࣬һȥλˣȻԭĻøԴֱᣬҲһЩ

ԭҺ飬ճøǿ֮㣬˾磬վ
δǹģ·۵ģǰãڣǲòŹһ𼷹
ţ
ǰ洫һ˻ѷεĿճһתͷȥͼ̳ſڣһŮڴ
СӨҿĺӡ
ŮճȻʶ
ͬĵص㣬ͬ¹ʣͬһˣճֱˡ
ж൹ùֱаͽϡ
ңĿ޺ӦСŮıˣŮϴϤϢ޲һ㡣
ԶӰ졣
ȻûжãŸոճ


1009 ϣ
ŮʹţѾҪžĵطȥԱ߻һŮȰ˵
ŮʿҪǾܶѾҵ˴ͽ٣ܿͿԾȻСӨġ
Ǻɸûá
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ԪŨȼߣͨˣἫΪǿ׳޶ףȫ׳
ⶪʧӵŮˣӦþĳ΢ԤУʱӦѾס

ʦңҡ
Ů˸ովȣãȻͿճվһԣæ˹һѾͳסճ֣
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ʱŻȻѾһ񼣵½硣
һӦʵأҲѹֱᡣ
ץԼֱ۵ŮʿͿһ˵ðɣҸȥһˣľ٣ҾûӦúи֧Ԯ˴жΣյġ
һˣճȻΪ츳ʿҲ͵һ䡣
ķԥܼ͸߼һѾϽذĸˣ׺Ϊлм֣ǲУֻ붯
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1010 £
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ؽеŪô棬Ҫˮ˵ǿԵõɲҪƭҡ
˹ضԼҲ˰ɣһѾͻĽףʵ˼ֻҪļƷù࣬ŮӽͣǵԸܵó
һӻͷڰֵˣҵɱΪʿɵþְ𣬱Һȡ
òϻѪʨ˹ضʽϲˣҵǵ֡ڵ۹£ȷʵ񡣡
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һѪ˸ٿһЦ
ԲٳʥѪһõ붼벻ģôԭҺܱģʮһ׳꣬ΪƷѾ㹻ˡ
һЦ黯һɺ̣ȥ

ķճæ취
ϺԮʲô취ͨѶ
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ķæݹͨ
ʱҰһɺֱϮϡ
ոջɽˮ㼫Ϊıܣűеⶼڱεɣɫãò̫
ճ̧ͷȥ֮иӦǰһ翪һӣһͻأ֡
ǰǹһѪ˻ܻŭ
Ҳࡰˡǹ죬ճӦӦǾѻҲʼ֡
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ѻֵǹˣǹеǿȴصչˣϮʱѾ˶Էǹ
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ཡһ˵ͨѶ𣬰˲
ճһͿȥķͨѶĻϳһŵͼһͨСһһ
ԮˣҪܿиˡ
ķﺬᣬʹ˵
ְǲǰճվһԶһЩ
źͼʱʱı¶һЩƷʬ塣
һѪζƮضŵ

ԮãҲŸ걻ʥҲͲˣʱҵķֻ
ϴһ˿ɭѪˮ˸ͣǸ˫Ҳ˸
㰸СŮüͼƽʧͻȻ۾ȴûһֻɭᡣ
ճվԭأһᣬ֪ΪΣָоһļ£ֻһĪΣٽ
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ﵽ֮󣬶ΣյĸӦĿã
ҲֻǶͬԼĵˣܻס
ʱͷͬһӰȴ֪ΣԺηȻԷƷԶԼ֮ϡ



1011 ǧһϣ
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Ķж
ճͨѶܶ죬˻ͣԶ
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ոյ飬ܼʹͬҧвʣҲٷ
ͨѶ˵˹ƺͷһΣӦò˵ٻַʲô
üͷһ壺ãЩ˳ȥѪһѰˣѵҪǰƴɱ
ҧԶӰŮˣһˡ
Ϊ̫ԶҪȥ־úǲס
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µóΪһ˹ȵʲôˣЩаȻڵ۹£ǻòͷˡ
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Ľ׵֣ĸֵˡ
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޼᲻ݵİԵϢ
ңĺɫƷϻűһɫԹ⣬Ȼʥ⻤塣
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ļˣֺ޹˼ɣԷõǺڰ෨ҺֱԭҲżǿܵġ
װ¸аȾȴҪǿˡ
ǽһɭһЦХһͻȻתŨһȴվԭزˡ
һӭ֣ԻŸӰһѪⲻͣĲϣԽԽǿ
ķһԿţͻȻ˵ãҲԸǽˣô죿
øѹֱֻĿűȻڵԼŮ
СӨץûãȵÿ죬ܾȻأ岻ȥôչ˭Ҳ˵׼ˡ
ķճף͵ǵ۹פϽλĽ׸еһʵǿû뵽ЩͽȻѵҪԮ

Ǳ⣬Ѫֹ⡢һԴȥƳԴͷȻ˻ԽԽǿ
ƴ˼֣Լǳܿôˣ
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У˽ȥҲûãҶΣˡ
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һɫͱˣ˲סһʩͻǳ岻ȥڻˣֵʵԽԽǿһоӿͷ
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ɾһƣƿһοնþòܺ£
ͻȻжƱǰĳҪƺƴ
ؼǣܼɼ鷳Ļû𵽰á
ķûü𻰣ͿճӰ˼͵˱ſڣһʱĿɿڴ
ΪǸо츳ѧʱŷֶԷԭҲһλ֡
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ʱȡʱ䣬ֻҪ˱ڵѪ˵ķͲһˡ
˺һᣬﻹλԴԴķԴͷ


1012 ǧһ£
ճܵЩ֣ûڴƻݸ߷ͣԭȻڵĳ׵ľķ粻ߣв֧ЩҪ󼫸ߵ
ǴĶܣٶȸһЩ
Ϊļȫһɣɫ΢΢ѪɫŲȵõʯɽƲ
ҲߴţűԺǽʮԶһܾԺУظǲͣ
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˼άճô£ҲӦԷʽԽԽУһ𶥺
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֮˸ʧճȴǸоޱ

ǰӰãֵ˴֮УȴСŮб䱩ŰЩңѴǰ
༲棬һ˶ӰѵǰȴǴһȭ䵽Լǰ
ܻץʱ𣿡
Ȼ˲䣬ǿɱ֡
ճʱոѹȴûаҡ
ΣһĻоԵٶȱƽʱ󺺵ĹȻݣȴϡ
ǰƵԼֻӲƴ׺һȭʱȴѾܿеľײƣ
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ȭϵĸմ̣ҲƺֻǴ뵽һŽ֮Уֳ鲻
ͷ󺧣ʹˣȴѾˡ

ճԹٿأΪ⣬֪ովΣ֮ȻûȴһָӦֵĸо־зʮҪá
ʵոսãǿɲֹǰܸԼƴʽĺַ󺺣ʱѾǲһ
ĽֻǿʼΪΪҲز١վ˵ҪױͬͻƣȱһƫϣԲˡ
Ժȴûͣ١
ؿںͬʱжϽббһӡ
һѩâǴϵľֻûüΣͷ­ǳѪҺɽ


1013 ʱϣ
ճ˺ܹѪȪ̧ͷȥͼ㰸СŮйâ»ۣƺǰײ֮УҲĻָ˹
΢ƲЦ
ǰȴǿףƵĹؼʵСŮϡ
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Σˣճ
ԶԽԽͣ޺ǡ
ڱ棬ǽĵ֣ʱҲȫ·磬ڼ
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ϧôһ㡣
ճܣϢԺۣһһγ˿룬ǧͷ
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־÷֮󣬳ŸոɲǻݸѲپ;ķҰʱǿа־ӳֵ֮ϡ
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֮кһϨһͻ㰸СŮкҲͻȻʧ١
һӴʶ֮бų룬ԽԽԶʧ
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תСӨһ͵ľᰲš
СѾͷոѹİĻûмԼ裬Ҫޣ͸оһůճϵλ磬Ц

СӨϵø簡Ȼʹȥ谡档
ճḧһСѾͷĶͷһ΢âϢľĨȥǸŹͼơ
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СŮ߳ãֻã΢΢ĽɫůģܵĺѾʧ
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عͷѱСŮȥճģͻȻ˵ǼһֻʮģӦУѧɣͣʵôδ˵ôһأϽȻԻ
ˣ˸ոհһæɲҪҶ˼
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һȴţƺʲô
ܼ͵ǵĿԶճһۣһ˿ɫ
֪øһЩͲʲôҴķٵ˵ʣڳſģС
˵׼ȥ
λӵܲ˽У
Ҳһġ
ϴ޻ѧԺУûȥһˣһСĵ¡
ܼԼֵܱסһȫΪԷĳָ㡣
λһָͨţĵһ񹥻֮УǾ¾˴
̫ˣǾ֮
ЩֶΣøִѹˣҲ֪һ㡣

ճȻ׵ģ֮ԱСŮСӨֱ뿪ܼͶ潻̸ǲ̫ϸ
ٷʲôԣ˼磬
֪ߵ̫ûкô
СӨû￩Цţճһ͵ɩСӨû飬Ҳܵ˾ţһΣ㻹Ҫȥһˣİɡ
ǣǶлСֵˣҪ㡭
лˣȻˣҲûֲĵСӨôɰ


1014 ʱ£
ճ˵ûտʼǰ˴СѾͷԷ°ȥʮַŭȻΪṱֵҲһԭͲ˵ˡ
ķպ˵ճֱҪð
λŮȻǸճѧԺãǰ·ʽͿԿóŸִ˼
·һŶԷǾ츳ߣ²Ŀ͵аѨԹҲǳŸ롣
仰˵ŮԶܴ󣬻
ȴҲˡ
һλľ٣ǲճģῪǽմ£ͬԭչ
ĳһ˵ܼһƱ죬ܹʵҲĹ͡
ճ˱¼ѧԱź͹ţͱķͻԭأҪؼңճ̫ü֪£ʹա
ķǵñܡ
ȻʵǣûԼʵһС
ĪҲаͽĪͷȻԶԶûаǰǿ󣬿˼ػڱ硣
ңϽؽżǱ֪ԼʵѾ̫ܿƣǰ滨
ЩȻһסãܶһһ
ԼʵһڣֻҪٻһʱĪҾҲκβԼ

صʱ仹磬СҲûճ²϶ȥ˾轣ݣҲȥģɩ˸кͶԼ֮ڡ
˸һͼԼ˽˿ռ˱仯
éˮľɫѾȫȻԭССһƬأʱࡣ
Ұ࣬˼ʮĶأճǲ⣬Ҳڴ˴ֵأũѧû̫మá
עסլ
ʱССéѾһĴ߷ҲԺǽˮ߸ߵΧõˮĥש
Ժ˻ݲݣһʯС·Ժſֱֱ쵽˷ſڣ˼Ѿˣһʵͨʿ֮ҡ
ܿ
ճЩϲ⡣
˿ռı仯Ȼû̫ʵ壬Ҳݵλ۱ģҲĿǡ
ϸĿ˿ԼϣṱֵһȻ˺ܴ仯ǰ0㵽1000㡣
Ȼջ1000㹱ֵ𿴲ۣҲʲôʵʵĺôֻҪ뵱컨˰๦Ŵ100㣬֪еĺˡ
ֵֹճܹɵĽȡϸ񣬶ңܹѵʱֱӻȡٷԮȻָֻһЩС£Ҫ̫ݣǲеġ
ͱ磬ֵʼƾֱֵӵ۹֧ȡ100ȵʽ𣬵ȻҪġ
ճûҪȥǮԼ֮׼ҪһҲѵһ
ʣ¾ѧֺ似ˡ
ѧȫ̴㣬似ȴǲæ
ãѧԺͻһδжʱоӢѧӶõĻԵʱʽֵʱȲæ¶Լ֡
ĬĬһٵ֣Īһ˿ɳ֮
ϽѾû˿̣ǲܲˣ벽ΪӪһܷ
죬ʱһˣͻ԰ڣ߻һЩŮͬѧԼĸ˿ռһۣһ
ǵģռüΪʵʵ飬Ҳ
ȻһҲڿռĳЩˡ
ϾǸֿռ䣬Ȼųƾ˽˭Ҳᵱ档
ʵʵֻҪ۹첿Ҫ֪ռеһ飬ȥ
ԣճҲռ֮ϰ似
ԽѧϰܰԼĽ¶ǰ
һµĵط֮Ĳޣ⵹ճʲô֢ԼʵΪһСΪ
Ҳһ壬Ϊס꣬ЩͲ˽ҲԴһЩ
ܶʱһ˵ΪʣʵźܴĹϵ
Բֻܸȥ˵һ˵ʫԻ
Ϊ˸ʫõİο֮⣬Ҳûʲôñ˿ˡ
ɫźᣬǲñصġ
ʲô˵ʲôʲô£ճԴĵá
Ҳ
˼磬Ͼɡ
˳նˣûйע˵ܺϷûȤǴʱ̫ʺϡ
һ̫ãֻϦҪ
ճӦһʱʮľ
ɩһææµµţϧʱӦҲڻ꣬ڴϣ˱ǣһĸо֮ɢ
СĴӻͳһŸѴСľ챦ʯϲϣ͸⣬̡ܿ
ӦܷһƬ峺͸طҷ
˴жʯջ׻ֱֵּһˡ
֮ڱбСŮʹҴ뿪˲ٷŶ򽻵֮⣬һԭ
֪Լжôٷİ참Աŵһ㲻֮
㵱ʱû𣬹һҲף϶ŸΣϾˣͻһС
ճøϷ
ǿžʯϲţֻҪһ£׽׽ߡ
ⶫԱǲǺãճ֪˵õıˡ
аŽĶܲ
žʯ˼һ
ľҧҧͰѾ챦ʯüġ
ոȥһֱѹŵĽɫ񣬺ȻŹâ
ճ˷֮ɫһһɽɫӿ壬ԽԽ
źٰճһ𣬶ԼԼһ֣ԡ
һƬƬ߲ʻ⣬Χתƺǵһٽ㡣
ͷ黯ʵһҡʻ沼¶飬Ų
֮
ճ𼫴ϲãʱڴôܽɣ㣬ȴˮɡ
ǰڱа񹥻ʱֻ꼻һ֣ȴѾȹ̣˻һ֤֤
һĽԲ
Ҵ˵ָǾѪﵽĽԲ֮׳󣬶ܷٴμ١
һ۾ָΪỮֻһ˿ָ䣬죬ƺ
ĽԲ־ãʱѾܡ
۹˵׵겻ܸҲûһ˿ܣԭҲǾԡ
һԲ󣬳ϸȻȻҲǴͬ
ճЩڴԼӳ־Ľˣǲų
һųƣһֱѹͷƣʱĵɢ˼֡


1015 ӭˣϣ
ȫ˳Թ緹ϧּææ׼š
ҵĻƷֲߵǱ·ӣÿ鷱ࡣ
˹ֻּ߰һԱһжŹϧԲٳ֡
ƽʱûʱչ˼æһ˵ʹ
״ֻ̬˵ϧ̫ǿһжŮõģϽõĽúϡ
С죬˵ʱ䣬ʱѧϰҲöעݽϣкŮһҪʶһЩѰĩʱԳȥġ
һ˵ʣ̵ֵŮǸҪõ𣿱˼ңУƽŮͬѧ͵͵ģҲñŵС˶಻á
ٳţϧճֶһᣬͷƤ顣
ǴĸƣĸܶܿԸǹ߳ġ
ⲻڽԼҶӳȥ̶֣ء
簮Լϣճ־ȻҲᣬЩܡ
İɣ裬зִġճεЦ
⼸ദеøˡ
Σһ꣬ʵǶˡǰλϴ֮ɫŮˣһ衣
ӴˣƤúһ㣬뵱㸸ףǼֱ֪Ƥʲô
˵ϧƺʲôɫĺһ£תЩȻ
һ컨ܶ࣬ԸԷҪˡ
˵ʹҴ뿪š
ŹϧææµµӰճ̾ϢһֶһЩ¶
ɹ޺ۼ֪֪
֪Լ㲻죬ʵҲĮȻ֮
ճ죬ʵҲûٷֱ
磬ʵֻһ˶ѡ

һԽʮϤÿһּС
ѽֶγıܣΡ
ҲǱز١
ճո΢΢ȣɩ⺰š
죬ҡ
ȥϵ㺹ˮ߳СԺļˡ
ȿڵһ̷ԲŮճͻ˵ҾͲµʱһڼңÿһʱ䶼ôôǿʵ
ճգ֪ŮԶˡ
ԲһЩֱָչʳ˼̻ĳ
ķЦЦ˸кͿԱһˡ
λűͦ˫üЩ˪ĿʮϬһһܺô򽻵ˣܼ͡
ʱܶȴ׺ͣϼЦ⣬˵ιͬѧлľ֮ġ
̫ܶˣҪ
ճҲòĿ롣
ľʵܸߣʱڱĳ棬֮֮ʱҲûʲôʢˣоǲ
ݾͲˣ֪ͬѧЩԣϣֺ֪٣˵ͺá
ܼͿһķ⡣
ճЦЦ֪Լķܵ˵ʣԷҲ֪ˣԼҴҲһǲ֪λ⡣
ߵôæ˸㣬ھֻϢͣǮʮ۹ңʤްɣϣͬѧҪ
˵ţܼǸЦЦ˹һŷ⡣
̫ˣܶѩ̿һףĻ
ճЦˡ
Ǯ£ԼͷʵͿˣλܼͶһȻΪôһС¡
Ȼܼͳһֵ֪ͬѧԵ۹ο
ճһ㶣ֲοΣܶ⻰ʵΡ
֪Էʲô˼룬˵ǵ۹һЩԱţ鲼ѧԺųƽᣬΨһҪڹѡȨ˵ʵڻţұǺͬġ
ţˣҾͷˡ˵ǸѧԺҲֻЩֻоǵߣܻñӻҺ͸·ʽ֪ģټ㸸Щ⣬²ɲ
ܼ˸£޵˵
ճת˶Է⡣
ԭ˵л֮ġ仰˵ɣܼλٷ˵ʵð˷գһЩ򡣡
λܼͶ֪ͼΪɽ
ճɫδ䣬ԱߵķһͷˮϿҵлܶˣһСĵġ
Լ˼ٺ䣬˵Ժ³ϵܼͶķ͸뿪

ȥճȻһֽȸУԼСĲܡ
ǣһȫԼ¶֣ԭֱ۹ˡ
ǱȨûУԹȨ
ҵⲿţѧԺΪ׵źܴͬ·ʽڰԵ
£ɱ𲻳Ըλ棬ս˲ţ
ҹȴǸɨǰѩ˪һжΪԼ׳󣬻ϲ᲻ɵ顣
εаͽ¼ҡĪҡҶдϽײᶯ֡
Ϊҵ飬׼ȷ˵ǹٷ顣
ǲԸ֣Ҳ֣ܶǵϣԽȨɡ
ܼͶһ仰⣬Ǿ˵ԭĸЩͬ
Ϊ۷ĸ֣ʵңȴΪҹλһѼ⵶
ҲǵҲ˫
󺮱ȻҲʲôʡ͵ĵơ
ΪЧʵϲôӺż֮ʱжһٳ񡭡
ճͲˣֻ֪һսǹ¾սԵУϢȫޡ
ľ
ճ˵ңԶһʱỹע
˴аһսչ¶֣֪ˣ¾ͱȽ鷳
ҿԳͷ󺮼ЧΪϽֱĿǰΪֹϻǾ˾
۹֮󣬾Ͳôɡ
ֻҵָӰĴջϽȻճҪġ
治


1016 ӭˣ£
ܼȻԭʵ˵飬ӦǿĳЩͷҲָΨһƾ֮
ǾǾֳԼǱѧԺ߲һɵӡ
ǳΪѧԺĴӢѧӣνĹٷҲֻһЦ
ȨСʵӰ
漰ķ棬˳ӦˣѡȨԴ󲿷ƽѧ˵һͨ
ͶҴ壬ԻԴӴ˾͵ΪҷһһΪ˼׳󣬴ͷ浱Ȼҵϵ
кôҲлôڷ絲꣬ΣҲ̫󣬻Ϊ˼ҳǿʹѹܻ
ÿ˶ʶ߻˭ŵ
Ͷ۹ңȻҲһ·лƿӴȨˣҲܸٻͬģҲһ㲻֮
֮󣬾ͱϲָӣбҪʱΪ˴ֶ棬Ϊ˵۹ΰҵΪķٸǿڸִ·սǷ׾
۹ڣͬҲûʲôճ˵Ǿͳˡ
ȥΪҵ۹ͷ­Ѫ
ôߵľ򰡡
ȻҲԼһЩ־ɢͨν˽֮ãԴȱֻܽһЩûˮλ棬Σյλ档
еѡĻճȻѡ
һΨһֻƿصѧԺˡ
۹ңѧԺϵλԴȻһ㣬Ҳʮּң뵽λ֮УҲΣһЩ
ΨһһֺôջϽ
ֻṩᣬѭԭ򣬶ңжٹףжǱܻöӡ
ֻҪܼ»رѧԺرἴɡ
ջȫԼģҲҪǿƳеֻҪðһգַʽճúʺԼ
ƻ仯ǰĴ㣬øıһ£̴֮ѾУѧԺҵǱȡᣬһǰһЩ꣬Ҳֵõġ
⣬ճٲ롣
ڣǰƶĲμͱԵļƻøı䣬ֻҪͰ࣬ӿ첽С

ͻȻʮԪ۹ңֱú
뵽һֱ׽⣬ߣϧҲûгԹʲôݳʳƷһȥгؼ
ˮ˵壬꣬۶ͨˣǶʿǼкô
ҪǣζҲǼá
Ȼ۸Ҳþˡ
һ㶼ǹǮ˼á
ճļУֻǵúСʱԹʱĸ׷ڣǷʱ
ѶȫޣҲûгԹˡ
ż£ĲУ
λСҰèһԸãճͦͣݣչҵΡ
˵ԼṩϢõṱ׻ֺ͵ʱ򣬹ϧɫʮָӣЩο
￴ճĿ⣬ҲȻһЩǰûеĶһֽĶ
СһԵˮգ۾з
ҪҳԾͺˣҾͽ磡
СЩ̽Щڴ˵
죿
ճ۾鶯Сһ̰ģǲʱ̫˵㣿
Ǳиˣ̫󣬽ܺõġ
Цеһ˵գЦŵҲС±Σյ

һ
޻ѧԺ
ճűͦɾĽУѧԺС
ļмΣ˴ˣȻʮ־̾
ѧԺռؼΪ㣬ɫҲ̫ˡ
ʱǴ죬ľΣȥһƬֱ̺ߣĴŸɫ䡣
紵̨ͤ鿼㡣
ѧӣ඼ϸû˴֣ƻѵõʫ⡣
ԽķʢԽΪӣҲһǿʢĸ
ѧԺͿԿó
ңճ֪ÿһǣһԺУ
˭ҲܰṫܽȨ
ǵ۹ߡ
е۹߲㣬ô룬Ҳòʮһ㡣
ЩԱŬϾûа׷ѡ
ܺãＰˣôͨˣذһѧԺֵǣҲ̫Խܡ
ճ
תһӣ˽ˮɽׯһĽԡ
ķݶľƣƵʮ־ϸ£ǰһƬɫݵأһˮ
ճϿεĽҾڴ˴
Ҳ޻ѧԺɫڣǵѧҸִ¥ʽСռ˺ܴͬᳫ׽Ȼŷ顣
ϿεĻʮֿɣȻȽִʩԾеģֻǴӻڵ⣬ѾûȷķҰ
ǵʦѧĻ£о泩ѧϰЧҲࡣ
ף죬ôûݣҶ˺ܾãȥʻأ
ճµĿܾɫѧԺ԰֮ͻȻоһأһֻ硣
˳ֺܿ졢ᣬȴ̺һǿ޵ᾢ
ճüëһⲻɲϸ΢ֻͬڻıϣһ˳һࡣ
ԭĪ밡ȽæӦ֪ģڰվ羹ȻĪϼʦû뵽ƢȻº͡
ĪһĿգﾪɫ粻⻰һ
ʵʩ˼һ£˵Լҽһ£Īϼ㲢ûаء
һʲôʱ̬ȣǰƨƨߵֺãȻ˵ңֵǣĲһˣʵÿ졣
Īִ磬ڱ׽ʵ̽ճʵ
һ㣬ΪΣճγ֪
Ѿı·ʽʱȻνֻ̣ҪԼչֳһ棬ѧԺӣȥġ
Ī֣̽γ̽λĪҵϵ⡣
СǰλĻ
ճתĪ´ЦݣˬЦȥѧˣҲнһ𡭡ˣ˵ʵΪվ羫ӢѧԱ벻ȥ֮ãҼ÷һСͶӰλ棬δϸ̽Եġ
˵üɫ裬иȾ
Ҫԭ죬ʱ϶̲סջӦ
ѧԺҪ֮ãѧ֣ﵽ׼ͨѧҲǽһЩͨλ棬òʲôô
õһЩ飬һ
Ҫλǽϡλ棬͵ø˾ԣѡš
ԣĪ飬൱


1017 
ȻǰˣǸоƿУ𣿡
ճһЦ֪Ī־ڱصõδ
ǰһԺ󣬲ű뵽Ī͵͵֮á
Īʱ죬ϵԲǻΣЧҲ
ʱĪǰжȻǲ̬Լƿ֮УΪΪǿˡ
Сλ𣿿ϧʱ䲻ɰȥˡ
ճװϧģ˵еźĪоǲס
Ϊʲô
ӵȫעѧԺϢٹãѧԺͻһжǺϸѧܲμӵġ
㣿
μѧԺж
ĪոЦͼճæǿסЦ͵ѧֲûԶأֵܣͱʵʵˣοͨѧ֣Ҳֻͨλ棬ܻÿλʲô˼
˵ûԭȷˣȫûʸ
ճûзֱ棬ֻЦô֪Ѿ˿ԿĿˡ
˵˼䣬ͲĪĻ
ԶԶŰɫʽУȹбż黺߹ŮӣĪ룬ӭȥ
ûȥվģ㵽ûʲô˼ˡ
ճǸ䣬ıɫ
Ҳװ񫣬ʵϾĪ벻ʹ졣
ֻҪڳλĳͷĪ빫ӣһʵúܣ̫
ҲĪҳˣ˭С㡣
鵭Ȼδ˵ԱߵķܿѾһЦҲȥѧ˷ǮˣϧôҲûʲôõġ
λܿû㣬վԱߣԳƵŮ
ĸϽˣҲǸ󴫼ңƽͺǿ죬ǿ֪ܵĲ˵̵úܡ
⻰Ȼ˵ճһҷ
ȻŮҲһζļӣǿġ
԰ĳЩȴύġĪˣڽ֮ʱ顣
챻ˣЦΪûеǶƯŮǰ֡
ճȴһֻרעһԸԵñ仯ôͻأ޿޲ɵ飬ûȤܱ˵
ЦЦĵͬѧûûзȨۼΪʵĵѵ㲻𣿡
˵Ͳ

ܿ죬뷴༥һ˵ôĪϼʦú˼أ죬ӢѧԱͷɲóܣСӺƺԪ鷳ʱɲҪޱӡ
ҲһΪڸ֮ˣ۸ˣǼһĻޣ֪ȡЦٴΡ
˵ҲˣλƽҴС㣬ʱǻ̲סЦ۸䡣
֪ܿô˵ֻţᶥԭ
ðɣȻһǴ¿СеؾˡմһߣСȴҪ
ŮûƢҲһ
԰վ飬Ȼ̫ʱ˵ҲЩĵζ
ճͷЦ£ҵĶ֡
ꡭ
һΣҲ̲סЦ
ͷһճֻλʱ飬ƺЩһˡ
տǴţҲ̫ᣬȻЩ˳ۡ
Ц˲˾ΣһĮ˪ĴˣͻȻЦѩ÷رġ
ѧһĻȫͣ½Ųôˡ
αͦǺЦ֮仢磬һĻȻͣסŲɫĿ˹
ճȴûע˵Ц¶ϸС̾
Ȼ˲У۹⻹Ǻõģ춢ʵЩ
ŮһЦֱǴůƲ۾ճ磬ŮʱҲɵþ̾
ⲻǵǽ漣
ӾССѾ˳׵̬Ǿרġ
ⲻݣʵ
ڵ⣬ɢһ⣬һְϵĲ
һţϵȷͬ졣
ճñ˭֪Ѿﵽﶥ㣬ǿϻǿ⣬ȴ
״̬ճҪҪϱԴ
ʣҲѹܿҴûƿ
̶ʱ䲻Ѿͻ׺ڣֽһۿͻĽҲҪ˶೤ʱ䡣
Ҫ֪ʮ꣬ٶȣ˵ǰˣĺĪ֮ˣҲòдһķ֡
ȫ˲Ƚϵ˼

ǰЩֺܿһ죬ѧԺ洦ɼѧ߽һµУ֮С
ճ˿ãͷﲢǰ㼷úܽĿһϰֽī⣬Ȼ˷·صʱ˽ӡ
ճȴôҲ벻Լ
ʵϿãѧԺϿΣҲںһλʦҲ
ȲҲǿ󣬷ѧ֣˼꣬Զҵ
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1018 ʸ֮У£
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¿ճ˽ң뵽ûѧᣬָȥ
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ҪûʵҲУһСһǴ׷֪
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1019 ֶΣϣ
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ճҪǩ͸оԼ΢΢һŵһŵ㡣

ȴĵǰڳ½ǡ
ճƣߵһߡ
ва죬ôܴӦսأ
˵Уճ˳ЦŴɫΣգæаյģСӲҵĶ֡
ʱͱˣĺʹﵽΪҲµûʱӦҲͻ׺ڡҰǹʮ־ˣ򲻹ûʲô˵ģҪһĶעҲǮɣҽ㡭
ʵڲλʱ鱻һעһ¹ͷ֮Ĳܼˡ


1021 ǹϣ
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мλɫҰܵѧճʱͬܣЩӵܣȻûʲôøУҲճʲôֵĻᡣ
ҲֻܹԼ˵֪֮Щ鲻ʸȾָġ
ڶʲôݾʲô飬ܱŲʵʵ뷨ͻͷѪ
ⲢλѧԱ磬ǹѧ뺮ѧӵһײ
ȻûʲôҲǣ˵ġ
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ԾԾƳ죬ЩȲˡ
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̨չϣܵ㵽ֹɱˡʼ
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Ǳȶһ־ֵġʽΪ׺ݲпᣬһǹҪǴУ²ô򵥣ȵüʱҲᾭˣ
ǹͰԵƥҴ֮ˣλɱ޼ɹˣԽ̨ԾɱˣҲû˵µġ̵ʦô裿ˡ
Ī˸ʮָӣϱЩ⣬Щϧ
Ǵﲻϲ죬ǺǰĲӡ
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ȴһֲ̫ʵøС
һ̣Զʵ˷롣
ǧﻧͥݱ䡣
ڼʾ
һֺܸľ硣



1022 ǹ£
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Ӱȴֱֱײϰǹǹ˳֮ϡ
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УǹܵƾҲ̸ϰԵˡ
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֪ܵĴ̳ǹʽη˶
תǲǴ̻𵴣
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˫ĿԲŭѵһѪȻ̱ϣȻ˹ȥ


1023 ѪֶΣϣ
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Ϣֻжףûдﵽ۷壬ôó⣿
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1024 ѪֶΣ£
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ûжΣУûжٶ⣬ֻǿӣ֤ԷʵǿٲҸов
ճŶԷ·ҲûȥЩ˾
Щ̽ߣֻһЩײ㣬ץһʮֻҪıڣǾ
ĿǰȻ޷ԸǵıҲֻǸţֻԶԶţҲû̫Ӱ졣



1025 ֮ϣϣ
ӢŲϵģʮֱ䡣
ҽѾˣƺأزͷ߰˸һЩط࣬´Ѫ
ʵǲǿ󣬲ûΣա
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ﻹûѧþͨѾһġ
ûô򵥣˵ǰš
ף۹ǧңŷ򸾸ˣȻŪ
ⶫʵ棬⣬Ƿرˡ
һ㣬ճ׵ġ
һˣøɾ࣬ƯƯģȲΪԼΪ˱ˡ
Լ˵ñ˸оĿһء

еĽӹϣܸˣҲ΢΢Щ˸УƺһЩ¡
ʹճһЩ£Ҳʹѧҵͨͨһκͬѧá
ȻˣԸļһ㶼ûᡣ
ԼŮӣǾ鷳ˡ
ѵõģĸ׷žȻҲˣһϻƿŵĻ֦ЦЦ͵컹ûй֮ðɣʮˣʲô뷨
ѧԺҪλ棬׼μӣ˵лԵС
ճŪ׶Է⣬йоصش
˵Է֮ʱӦñѹ󣬱ϾԷʵҪǿ࣬Ѿ޷⾳硣
ʵˡ
ǰͬһŮ߾죬Ԫĺ΢΢ҫ⣬ůǿۡ
žͲһˣճôöԷǸͨˡ
Ӿ֮УҲְܷ֮
ͨʵϲͨΪûĸͨԼƲ۾
Ÿһճܻ᲻ԾĵһۿȥҲӲá
ξͲȥˣ׼ڵʱ֮áǺúþ۾ۣϴ֮Щ˷ǡ
˵ûг˼ȴס
ǸճŮȶʲôλ֮󣬻ᶯģ飬ӡ
һ̣ٴλ϶ǵľ
ָܷı䡣
ʵ޵˵
׷Ůãڶλӣ֮㻹׷ܰ
Ǻܲпһ⡣



1026 ֮ϣ£
ڵ·㣬ഺȶȷʲôֵϧճϸһ룬̰յ˷ŵ˼
ЦŴз常캽˰
Ͽңģûһ˿į
ô룬ʵΪ粻ŮԶ룬׷ѵ·ϣݲ·׺ʧȥҡ
Ϊɷ򣬸ԸĬĬףĳһ˵˵ʧȥңҲܹŸϷŵĽŲ
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ûһճԸԸԼŮһͬλ棬û룬ûлᡣ
ûҪһͬ߹ഺʱ⡣
Ǳ̨ʾǣҵŮҵȻѵ·һɱ䣬ʶ϶ܷһУȥֻ
ԣһ仰ճʲô뷨
ճĻشǣ׼ѧԺ֮ãȻĴ㡣
Ȼû׼ΪŮһЩʲôȻûлᡣ
ŵŮҪѰҰ£ҲֻһӹСôܷǨˡ
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һֺ˽˵飬Ը겻ɱ䣬򣬾ŴһЯҲá
ԲϳҲֻǲϳѣǰ;ûˡ
Щ˵֮Уĳλɳ磬ǧ٣ճ
ʲô˼Ҫľˣپǽᣬǧǧᣬûһǣĵ÷˱㡣
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ŮӳʼĪ׽ϴ裬ΪĴ壬ŮɷڴʵǲΣôΪһëͷСӣ׸ı䡣
ճȻҲԼһУһƬҶӴ˿Լרע
ԲۣŮƽȵᣬôӡ
תճ˶Է˼Ц
߽žͲ̸⣬СŮϾʣճŮլԺĴ䡣
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ŷǸͨģʵԷ̸ʱԼȻȵıͨˡ
걻ѹƣ޲Ҳʮƽ졣
ԷʶĲͰԼȫѹˣȻ֮УճǾЩ㤡
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ȻʵԷԨ֮𣬵ǰ·Զ󣬻ôһ죬ܳԷҲһ
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ܵ־ᣬ־ǿ
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͵Ůͬѧλҳû¸ɣϸļԷأѡŮҲô
οڶԷǳɫҲãҲգȫ㲻ʲô
ãã磬ǧλ棬ٳڵĲſҲֻǲԺһڣֵһᡣ
۽ˣ˿µĽǶȾͲͬӻһֶصĵĮ롣
ں쳾Уȴڸ֮ϣۿ˥
˱ʣճĽѡ
Ժﻹȫ汻ѹƵĸоʵá
ЦЦ뿪

ճȥƺܺãЩá
ܺΪһΣӡʮֲСıִԼҸĸ֮ʱȻ٩٩̸
һֳɳҲЩΪԷˡ
õԭȻûǼһЩʧ
صϵĻֻ֦ԽԽ
ƽͣͬվ֮£Ų̻졣
һڳ
ˣ͵ﲻ򵥰λʦģԣʵ˭ĵһǮ
͵Ц
ŮÿɰģҲƽϲ֡
ǰЩһֱŷλ棬õ࣬Ҳʧȥࡣ
Ůڼû档
Щ꾳ȶҲٽһһֱڼңרչŮ
ҲһֲǷ˼Ůʮֳ硣
裬˵ʲôװָ廨ļǼһļôߣǹ˰̵Ļ˵ҲֻĽ׶ѡ
Ǽһ
˵⻨֦ģ
𾪣˵Ŀɲǲ廨գΪ磬ʶ߶ȡ


1027 ָ·ϣ
ԵĿ֦֮һĺгȻȻĸͬͻӦ
һַּ˵˺һ
ܰķԪ־һֶطںһٸĳӣˣ
ңǸģκһˣûֽӽʣҲòʲô洦
ֻҪ֦걾ԭ᲻֪ıƬˣ˯ҲỺ
˴񣬾ǸСƣЦɡ
жεΪ磬Ҳһ㡣
ӣ
һ߶֪ȫȻֳǰ򵥡
ȫ״ıŮ̾Ϣ
Ůѡ·Ҳ֪Ƿĺʣ
һԿţ΢㶣ͻȻǺЦҾȻҲˣСӺ˼
ֻǿ˶ԷΪʣȴ꾳磬ԷССͣ꾳羹ȻĽ֮ϡ
Ų廨ҲûȤѧϰҪԼŮΪ磬ȷǧַȴҪŮȥȥ
ˣõĲǿ̹ġ
紵ȻĥµĻŻῪޡ

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ƺŲͬ仨֦ңǧȫ쳾֮·Ҳ۷𣿡
һ仨֦꾳磬ǱƶĬӾٵúá
ͦİҲ㲻ˡ
۲һЦЦֻǵ˵֦õҴͷȥɣڿˣ͸ġ

һɺϡ
ʵ廨ʱճûôȨףҲûԺΡ
ֻǵһӦСʻ
㲻ǺܺҵĽΪλᷢˡ
װ״𸴣ܲͲˡ
ڴʹﵽ˺һĵز־֮Դ˴˷磬Ȼԭѹƣûдﵽ֮ڵ͵֮вٿԪľַȷ޷ġ
־ĺг棬ԼĶģַúܡ
Բ巨ΪţΪ档
ȻóֶΣҲˣʵս֮ʱòֻС
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Ǽһ仯󣬲֪ûҵĵط
Сվԭأ뵽Ǽһ֣ɻһЦ

ճ˶ʱ仹磬ͻȻһ
屾ܵľһļ£üҡ
Զûпӵ۾һĪѪҺҴܡ

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˭ҶҼ˳֡
⣬תͷֵһ꡾ڣһоָ
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һƬ̫ƽ˰ҵ
İֶΣȫ˽⣬ҲᱻĪŪڹ֮Уѡ
˵ǣֶ꣬δȾҴԽ磬Ҳ浽棬ź

ԶһӰŻڵ·һࡣ
΢΢ʹͷʱʱԾ˦ֱۣȻһ弫Ϊƣˡ
ǹϧ
Զһɫ󳵣Хؼ磬ʻֵŹϧԶĵطй켣ͱŤŤƺЩƲס
ճǴͻȻ˷Źϧٳȥ
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ճˮϲȳһĿӶǧһ֮䣬ִڹϧļϣһᾢƮƮľ͵·ԣ
˾ĳȻãһߣûм٣·ϴſ磬Զȥ
ԶȻԹԵ߶ţƺû˷ָոշľһĻ
裬Ҳ̫ΣˣǼһĳӰɣҪʲộô죿
˵ճһ
ԷȻԼ֣ܻֻ֪óʲôնֶΣ
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С찡ѧ㡭򳵣ٹһʱɣڼ㡣
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ոշѧǼһ꿴ȻȥͻȻ𣬻е㶫ѧԺ
ոմ绰˼ԵǴＹ
֣ճЦӦˡ
ϧǻŷóԵĸⷽģҲǼﾭòԣԭ֮һ
ѭټָ·
ϧӰԶȥճ񽥽ָüһ㣬һ߲ʹâ̧ͷʧԶ



1028 ָ·£
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֮ǵӦ֡
ڴ֮ʱżùδùʵҲǲҪ
ʱȥ˹˼ɣŭʲôֶζʹˡ
ϧ֮ƻʵⲽڽֵ֮ϣ˫ɣûн࣬ƫƫܿȫˡ
գֱУš
һ̣ճоԼһ󳵣ѭһָǰ׷١
ϢѰ٣Ӧ
ԽƾӡԺǳɫ·ֱҳ
Ȼг˫׺ݵ۾
ճֻǰѳ˵һֱŴ౶ѣ˵ѣʵѡ
һҪʱܻĳЩоĳһʱ񲻶Ҫľʾ
ֱڹʱͻȻ񲻶ܲʱ͵Сģǲûãܻᷢ¹ʡ
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˳ճ䳤һһߵϢţǿѹڵɱ⡣
⣬ӢӦþڴ˴

Ӣȷڴ˴ʮߺ͵ʮҲڡ
ط޻ѧԺܽһʱסӢ͵ֵܣһʦˡ
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Ʒ裬ƺڵʲôϢ졣
Ӣ壬ôֻǰ˶ԸĸŮȴûԶԸ죬ѵʲô⣿
һֺӲʵһɫҲɻ
ӢҡҡͷӥˣҪѧԼʳϽ֮ǰԸүӦԼϣȻҪȵԻġ
ΪʲôҪԸļˣ
һһ룬쵨Ҵүǲ棬ܵҪۡ
Ӣ˵赭д
үʱȻ򲻹Էô죿
ٺ٣ʱǻ취ûʲô֮ͿˣٺãҲֻˮƽûоλսϴ񣬲һֻϣʲôʱʲôʱ
Ӣ˵
£ȲֳĶ־һãִյúܺá
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ӢһͬСɡ
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˵ƾǵĽģôҲõ֪
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ˣȻһ˶ûзֲԡ
µǣԼǿǵʮߡʮŵĶ桭
ҪϹʲôزֲܷ˵ˡ


1029 նϣ
ӢѪط˸գһ
֪Էʮַḻδ֣˵Է㹻ģû͵Ϯ뷨
һ֣˭
ӢתԺϽһЩĸˡ
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ͬʱӢҲǻӵֱնصХ
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ԷһСƾܹϢԼ䣬ݱ¾;ӡ
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һᵶƣʮߡʮ˾ͿʼĬһǾɱ
ճһ˿ЦɫĮȻ
ŸǶģ̽̽ҿڷ磬Ȼһ̶ȣǾµ
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ʮ˵ĳô̵ͷִڿ֮Уǰĵ˾ȻǸӰ
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һǰһƬˮ⣬ԼԼӰ
ôȥġ
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Ӣһոչ͸оԼĶѾʧǰӰһɼͱ齣ʵӰӣֲĸĸǼ١
󺧣͸о棬æһѪ§ͷˡ
˵ü죬ʱԸоѪһ𣬰巢飬ȻͿʮߡʮȻŽ̬һ
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ճ߳ţ洫ľһЦٲͷ
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1030 ն£
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ʧȥ˾ʱ־˵ʡ
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1031 أϣ
ճ߳ϦоѪڻԾ
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ΪûӣճȴԼʵǿһЩһЩֶԵӦ֣ͷ·вǶᣬḁ̊́ʮ£
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ͷ·ӭı꣬һ紵ýɢȥԶᣬĿǰһѾǹˡ
ѹֵ֮󣬵۹ַλǹ壬ңֻҪ´治Уһ¶ԡ
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ճһζ紦͸źгȴأ˹ˡ



1032 أ£
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ӳվɫ粻˭Ҳ벻֮ᷢ죬Ҫֹ첻˵һôͻȻͷأСҲҹ๼
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1033 ˴ϣ
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1034 ˴£
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ǰһѧӦþðҸոҲ뵽ˣôõأ
ۡ
ճռ˽ͼʮɧģЩ˵ȤһʱûסЦ
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˴ڸˣ㿴ѧ㣬˵ʲôȴԱֲгЦһ¡
عͷĶճһۣʵ˵λͬѧвͬ˵ѧոյϸòã
˹ѧҲĶ࿴һۡ
ճ䵭ȻɫҲڻǹһ˿Ϊ˲Цݡ
ܺ棬һֻʲôֵֹ飬˵ʲôĻ
ճһŵˡ
ճӣ˼˵ֻﻶϲּƷʣһʱ̲ס̾
椣ͷ޳Թȥ̨
һΧڵƷ£
УԭǸƨ
ճĻͬѧġ
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ѧڴЩʧת˲õȻٿճĵҲǸƵļһ
ֵͷճЦͬѧ˵ûȻô֣лϲͺܲˣ֪бϸ꣬Ǻܻϲһ顣
ճʹѹסЦĳ嶯תͷԼȴֵѾѧ㣬۾ȼֱڻԷ
ֵĸ׵ԪϽѧȻٲǺܴȨȴСϹϽĽˣ޻ѧԺȻҲС
һƽԸΣǰһЩŪīٴ¡
Ȼص㲻⣬ǸٵĹѩ
ʮ꣬Ѿ֤Ϊס
׸Ϊͬıʣһ㣬ҲһΪ˲ĳɾ͡
Ҫ֪ˮƽڹϾܳΪʦ⡣
Ϊһѧܴﵽ˵Ⱦ磬νһ漣
ңպãҲüĿ续ͣһˮĹ
ΪˣΪѧԺŮ֮һΪƽŮ
ΪŮޥʣʮ㣬ԺĿأѧԺصȾӢѧ
ŮһλȻˣĽףΪ׺ڣԸҲôãƽǱ䵭Į̫׽
Ҳص㣬ˣüֱࡣ
⣬ڼ࣬һ㣬Ҳʲô롣
ѩͲһˣʲô͵һΡ
ϽѧΪȢŮ
ִͷͬѧǸĽʺޣǰƷ䣬˵ûжԷãҲֻǿš
Ա΢ЦվһԵŮʦ΢ɲҡҡͷ壬̾˿
ʦǵ˵ˣΪе֪ϸɣȷǼѧԨԴ˲𡣡ԱߵһλʦЩڴ˵
ʦƤЦʦ˵ͬѧвͬأѰ֪֪ҿ֪ٻᣬҪͬѧǵּѻѧ֮Уȴô
˵䣬ʦٶ˵֮⣬ȻôõֵƷֻǿֳ
Ѿͷ㲻ϿΣôˣû´ӦϿεʱ䣬ûٿΡ
ճԣһѾ׽סͷһ¡
С̰棬ճԼбҪһ£ලѧҵ
ʮ갡һЩɥ־Ķʲô㲻ϿΣȥҲðѴʱ̫ˣ̫̰ˡ
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۵Сίŭ죬㻹һܴܴܵģ￴Ůİɡ
ס
СѾͷ˵ѣһ˵ͺܾˡ
С৵˹
˼̸£һﾹȻǹŮġ
̫ˣ̫ˡ
ϵһﾭŮתƣ˵Ϊ˺޳ܡ
꣬С㣬˵ܲģС㡣
Աѵ
ָȴúñԼ⻰֮
úõһ֪ٻᣬȻһ֮ͽ
˵Ҳе֪֮ŮĵȻ٣Ȼֳͺܲˡ
ճ˵絶һ۹⣬գæתͷǼǼҪңѾͷǿЦĹҾģ̫ˡ
һЦúܵ⣬ڵ絹ǲˣǮԼԼҩ
ǣΪʲôϲżأ
ճ֪εһ֪Ѿͷǹģϸ²̨
ЩĿĽ㣬ճͷֻǼ˽֣ͳΪ˾۽
һΣֳûգѩҲĿϸ
ϾרŮСﶼ֪ˣҲ̫Ǹˡ
Ҫͬѧѧ
ɫڣʵ̲ס˵ҲСѾͷ졣
ճδԼǲˬûйˣ̨İɡ
ɶᣬͲŪˣ˵úܺð㿴ѧ㶼࿴ˣ֪֪Ѱ˵ҡ
ѩʵûһۣء

ճ˵ȤܺЦЩѧյŮͬѧҲ̲ס͵ơ
ֻ۾ѧ࿴ˡ
ͬѧѩԸ˵е͸ˣֳĬʵºͣĴԷ仰˵ֵƷƨͨ
Щͬѧ֮ԴһΪֵӣòһ룬뿴
˵ԽߣˤԽ
һ˼ˣͷݺݵĶճһۣʮᡣ
һʵ̲סҲЦ챻üңԶԵӣʵ˻֣һƤþˣôһ£üӰѻһ
۾һתͻȻڵ죬ͱǫˣϽ˵˵ɣǰڳЦѩˣѵֵƷ


1039 ˵ϣ
ʲôᵯ٣װģء
˵ٻģҲû˵ٻ
ô˵ǰڳЦ֪ٻˣһΪ̾أ̫ɶˡ
ҿѧ㣬ǿ֪
һ˵ճˡ
֣СħŮ򣬴δŪһЩ磬Լ룬֪Щʲô
ôûŵʺܲ
ճķ裬ȻûҪ˵ԷϵʲôúܣļӡΪ̡
ѩ৵ۿ˹Ҳ˵ˣλͬѧĵã벻ߴͽ̣ѩֻϣܻĽ飬ҵ֪
ϿңһǷġ
ϸݺĶˣƺճϴӦ񼫡
ɫһ¾ͱѪ죬ϵЦݽסѩı飬ٻͷסճҧѧ㣬ƭˣλͬѧ˶ʶƽǲѧϰŲĵŮ˹죬ƷΪ޳ܣܶʲôգ
˵Ҹô֣ٻϣû֪֮ĲװҪðɡӲˡ
Լ˵磬ȴôճ
㡭Լ˵Ůɫǡ־һֻӬһһСôָҲסˡ
ûףڿЦ𣿻ӣƨû˼ѧ㶼ö࿴һۣҸĽأ֤˵һ˼Ҳ
ͯ޼ɰ
Сôһͨ磬ֱ˵õ࣬Ѫ˵һµְѼȥˡ
Ҳҵġ
˼һҲûֻΪѩһͱ˵Ʒá
ȻͲ
ճǿսϻοСѾͷԴЦûа㡣
תͷܣȴѩֱ㶵Լ۾Ҽֱ˶ˣȫľܾҪ
֮İ٣ġƭǿɾͲ̫صˡ
ճεӣѧҪ
Ȼ볩ԡѩƫƫͷ˿˵
һѧ٣λҴСƽôˣǿɶģԲԭɵľһƷա
㲻գһҲĵط
ðɣ˵˵
ճˡ
ô˿ţ治˼ƨɾߡ
ѾѧѧԺһж޹أֻٿ羰֣ѧԺĵһֻȴ⼸˸Ѽϼܣ˽
Ŀһ͵ЦһۣҲԱɫڳɫΪмĵ֣Թ˵ѧҲǵòãиɻҲòһ˫֡
ҲûʲôϹһͨҿ䣬Щѧ㶼ˡΧͬѧƲƲ죬ţԴʲϣ
ճ̾˿ǣ·ߴˣΪԼûģôѰ֪أĳЩںҷУͿˣҪ档
ѩ΢ֵ㵯ϸȷżɰѴƮƮľ絯˳ʱĲ⣬Žѧ֮ҪҪһٺóԵģţ㵱ʱһǺ򣬶ԲԣȫûⳡٻаĲϲʵȻ㲢ǶղģǶͬѧûģΪЩ˸Բԣ
ճһھ籩缱žžžһͨ磬˵ѩɫ԰ף۾úܴͬ˹һ㡣
ͬѧԾŴͣȫ˵
Ƿ˰ɣ˿ɰѧ㶼²飬ȷ
벻ѧԺȥˡ
˶Ϊѩᱻճĺ˵˵ŭ
ϸ˵һĲֵ˵ն̧
ҲǼΪճֻһͷһˡ
뿴󣬲ųԼһ飬ѻû뵽һȴŪùͷѩ϶͸ˡ
ԭ޹ֵһˣ治ǹġ
С΢΢ЩھΡ
ѩǰʵ㣬ô֪ųԺѵ
ЩЩ
ѧ㣬˵лˣҶʲôİʱŻԶأ˵ΪѰ֪Ȼણǹɶʳϲûȴǿˮડ
ۣ
ѩʻЦ磬ճһۣ˵Ҳҵһĵģ
ɣѵһˡ
ճ˵ͷ
İɣѧ㵯ٵʱŴԴȣô˵ǰλ˵ʲô֪бϸ꣬ţͷ졣
˼ʲôǲ࣬Ϲɣôûô顣
û֪Ͳ˼ҿõ
ֻСҰèɵļճߣֺ
Զԡ
ãĵһǻ˵룬Ҿ㲻ɵġ
ѩŹ⣬˸ʣ˵
ֻҪ۾ˣѾóλѧѾ׼˶־
һƬȻȫתͷճ
ǳˣƾµѧ롣


1040 ˵£
ˣһΣѩԶƼδʮֻ޳ָ飬£Ĩ
һȻصӺݣ˻ʢ꣬Ĵƽ
Ƿյϲãǳһޡ
ԡѪսĽʿǲķᱮ
ҹٵһׯϻ˴ôһڣ¾ϵߡµı
һգѩ̾ϢһƵ˹ƺҲЩһ׳裬Цţ۵ȴ˿˿ơ
Ը㶼ܿôƷ㾡ȫ
ƽ£彭ɽ˭Ʒ
һƽȡĺƽհ֣ʱ׳֮Уֲϸ顣
ͬѧϸϸţûа֣Ҳûǰϸд⡣
ԱߵĲʦҲһ˿͡
ҲʲôëֻѩټԲУеɽ
ȷʵʸϵ۶͢硣
ѾԼķǰ
һգ˶ݣƺֵ֮в԰Ρ
˭û˵Ҳû˭ǰѩʵһ䡰Ҳĵһ
Ȳ֪һһ
˵ǰϸ˾̾ʱƽ˾Ĭԡ
벻ʲôݡ
ѩ̧ͷƣճҲ˵
һͬѧ˹ڵ˵
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һ򵥣Ϲ⾳һۣ֮ճܷ
ϾҶ˵λƽﲻѧЩ֪ʶδ֪
֪ٻᣬɲǿ佱У˵еľڣǻᱻ˳ЦģѩҪĲ˵֣Ҫ˵顣
ҲڴĿճ
һ˵ѩ£ʱֻ֪ʲô߼
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СѾͷƣⲻ棬һһ㡣
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ճӣڨڨһЦԼС̫ˣһҲ˵ôǱˡ
ǰսǿԭֻǼֱ࣬˵ЦԼ
С
ѧȫһӣСĻػǲףλװβǵļһԭĿδˣװģ
ֻѩȴǲܣôֻ֪ǵõλ˵Լʱе𺳣ҵ֪
ν֪پңġ
ѩôһָоˣΧ̫࣬ŶԷϥ̸ģ뷨г
Ҳпԣ˶˵ʦֻһ֮ңĿڣȫǹĴ֮ڡ
ֳʮԣԺǰԶ
˭ף֮ʱʱһָĤС
ȴԼϲġ
뻭һƻ˵̫뻭һֻʳС˶˵ӥ
ˣҲˣģĲĿʵĪ
֪ϸճ˵֮ʱĵľϲ
Է˵ĿˣѧԼڮ֮ԣҲϡ
Ϊʱپôġ
ⲻڮ٣ʵ
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Ǹʦ£ֻһΪ£ְֳ師ɽҰԷﶮʲô֣˼Ҿе˼
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˶ˣӪõĽѧգѧǵոһ
ǰǰ㣬ֻձƣ˵һ˵Ŀʷһ༼ɣ͸
ͬѧǰɣĴ󵨵˵޵Ĳǲ÷죬ʳ߲ûҲһ֪⡣
⻰ˮƽճɶ࿴һۡ
λʦʵ㶼Լֻ֪ҸԼש񣬿ϧˡ
ѧ㣬ɽҪǸԶȴֻվڰɽ֫㣬֪ǰ·η
ճȻ˵
ʲô˵һ𣿸˵٣ȴ˵⣬˵Ŀȥɽ
ǰһСȦȦͷֻѻڷɰɣȫͷԡ
˵˵ɣ
ŪҲеⰡ
ܲ¶ѧ룬ҸѧԺ㱼
û˵Ҳˣ΢΢ͷҵţճĿͻȻһԽС
ʦȻʧЦλͬѧƹˤĪ˵䡣
ɽ
ѩȻһᣬȻϸ׵˫۳̨΢΢ǰ˹ʵͬѧɷ̣·ںη
ʮּ٣ǰ¡С΢΢ͺ죬ɲǼ¶̬Χȫ˲ȥճ۾ֱˡ
ɣֱˣ
ǰһڣʱﻹ֪ʲô˼
ֻҪ۾ˣѩ̬׶Էʲô
֪Ѱǰ
ճﺳȻȻ֪еļ֮⣬ҹȲĸо
ľǿ飬鶯˵ߵԽ٣ٿĵĵ·
ѩֻǵľգȥ̱Ԫôȡͻƣ
С󴸣ֻ֪Ҫ趯϶ܼǿжֻ֣˵Լ
ѩճ̾Ѿյķˣٵӣ겻ǿ粻ȥ
ƺ֪ԷɽֻѰһɹʵĵ·ߣȻû·Ϊʲôûȥأ
ǰΪʲôûԷأ
ѩֱóϷֻԷ־䶼˵Ŀ
ҲУȫȻ
գۣĻһҲûֻúӡ


1041 ˣϣ
±Ƚϡ
ǰһϸ࣬ų޻ѧԺһӵĵݵ䣬̾־У̾Ϊֹҵֳ
ΪѾԳƵдߣֻʸѩ٣ЩԹ԰
ȵճͻ𣬴вһţѧףλôõͬѧֵĲͷʵʲôǡ
ϸǳ⣬ƽǵɽƷʮ뾭ѵ
ǣѰ֪֪ˮů֪
ȫΪճƷһϲֻͨҪѩϿɣ֪˭ҲȲȥ
ѩͬ
Χȫ
λѧ۾ģճϲƳĽųŵϦɵļ顣
ðɣûϹⲻֻǿ֪ˣǿ˵ģ
ͬѧ۾ָ̣½ʹǰڣֻһ˿
ҪѪˡ
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ĽףĽףĽסףѧԨԴǲѧԺ֮ǵ͵˫ȫôȤͨѧɵһΧź֡
Ϊʧݵġ
Ҫôƥӵأ
ȻʫƷΧת
֮Ըÿζڼӣ˴һƬֻΪҪ׷ѩ
ǶλˮŮĽô˸׵Ľ̵ǰȡ裬װ
ΥԵΪܹõջҲˣȴǳ衣
ôαǱճ
Ѫײȭն¶Ҳ̲סŭƽһ㶼ƽѩΪƷӡѧļһһϷҵ֪ٻ㲻μӣû˻˵ʲôŪǣȴ̫ˡ
鼤ߣ˫Ŀ죬ĻյķΡ
һû𣬾ͻȻ
԰ǸƨѰ֪Բۡıƭˡ
ѩһǱ׷÷ˣһϷԼ£ˣ´Ҫμٻᣬ˵ʡҵ֪Ͳ˰ɣ˭Ҳû˵顣
ǰ˭Ǳ˵һ⣬Χָָ㣬ƫƫܲȥ϶·ƣóҲпԭɺ޵ǸС֪ôѧ㣬ͷװģʵ̫ɺˡ
ֵĻֳʱȺ鼤ճǲơ
ЩΪ˽ǰ
ˣˣһÿѧõߣܹȵӣһţҲҶԸԵ죬ѧøѧϵã˳һš
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뵽پ͵٣ɽʲôϵŪҲһ㡣
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⻰˼ʵףǽƷٵó֤˵ʾ޵Ĳ
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˶ΧԼҸ磬ȻΪʲôἱתֱ£ȴЩѹ
֪Ҹûѧ٣ʱ٣ǾĲαļһˡ
沿鶯һ£һЦŵСѧãɲҪ˵ô֪ͲᵯˣѵĲѧܣѧ֪۹նԶڳͬѧôܲᵯأһŪˡ
Լңճø߸ߣ˶ˣöԷ
㡭
ҧҧ촽Ҳ֪ô˵ˣѵ˵ԼҸĲѧɶȻģܵ˵
Ҫ
ճЦЦͷ˵һۣһ˿⣬ʮζ
˵椣û㣬һĴңҺ۸
ֱһ֪Ϊһ飬Ųֻ
𾪣Ҫʤ׷Թ˼ͻȻ͵ˣúǲ
ĸоպǲԣǰЦʵ֪ͬѧܷһôҿ۽أ
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ᲮţĹ£ϾֻǸ¡
Ʒ߱ܲ٣ʱɡ
߷һ֮
ҲΪһһϲͨ⺺ģݽ겡
˵⻰ʱ򣬻СĵĿһѩλѧΪϲ۰ģ¶Է
ȴϣѩһҲ⣬Цü䣬ڴĵͬѧ֪ѩûһǰ·۳ɽߣӺ㡭
Ȼ˵ˣѧְ֮ߣٲӦĻҿܻᱻЩʹߴһ٣Ǿ͡һɡ
ճЦˣ˵ʲôôʵôȥѾѧˣԺܷټ涼˵ô⡣
ֻѩݴ˼Щд
ѩϣӯӯľףҲʯ诵ƮݡִͬͬĸԶ
Щꡣ
֪ϣ
ء
һѩճٲǰ
ӳ⣬߲ʡ


1042 ˣ£
ճ˫ָң̽˹ȥٵÿһֲʶӳԺܣͶԼҵɽһһεȫƿء
һͣ˽ò۵Ľ
һߣҲģʹָ⵽档
˫΢գ˫鰴һԲ
ѩȴڴ
ճȥˣʦڣʮֲ졣
ΪǰϢǴ֮ĶԻףʵֲó
֪ƽĿƽ١
һˣĸȥ׳
Ͳµ˷Ц
ѵ֪׳׾ĵ
ûѩǰäĿΡ
˭ճĵϸ
С󣬶Էѧʲô٣ƽﴵţƨҲûʳֺյ£ȴҲֵĵطûѧգȴܲøĸ̾Ļ֦ԼĻ䡣
һֱ仯Ϣȴʵ顣
ɨһԱ̸ŵģмӳĮȻһЩͬѧ۵һ˿Ī
縸˵ͨܿܿ㯣񰵕bԼģҲϣ
ԼǿģԺõĻĽԲĻἵʹޡ
Ψ߲ŻȥųԽŵϲ
ǰνܿܿɣ
֪ΪΣͻȻһЩдֻӹ֮ˣ۽
תۿճĿ鵭ƺڸɽ֮֮ۡϣΧ֮С
Զƫİ硣
ô
۾ͻȻʣͻȻҲѩһ㣬һڴ
紵ҶҡȪˮʣϸԾȻȻڶУӳ
ûʲô֮٣Ҳûʲôĵȫ֪ʲôĿ
ǹˡ
˵ǺĹ˾׿ľİ¡
ڳͬѧܶ˶ᵯࡣ
żܻ˶ϼȤЩഺ껪ѧ˵ˡ
һ׶ļĿǰѩƽûпɱ֮
ƽϹŽ֮ɣڱдһ״˫İ
ֻܳƵǹʱһСƷ
ɷнµģΪҪŪ춯صĿû뵽
ѩѧ¶Ľ֮һֱƨɺڣôֻһĿꡭȻɫ֮
ܵ˵ܵҲǲˡֻѧܾҪʧָǰ·ָžȥ̸һͶͱ
ѧ̸ţǵ֣ȫûи߰棬˵̡
ɲ֪ΪΣ;ԼԽԽǵ΢˵˵ţԼˡ
ȵ̧ͷȥͼѩոջڿڳλͬѧҲѾſڽ࣬˵
תͷʦͼλմָʱ죬˫¶ŵĹâ
ʲôҲ֪£
ͷˮת䣬һﷺһʹĸоãշתĿѹ֣ȻȻӿͷ
ǰɽˮڣԶĨٻӰнԶ
Ҫ
УҲ̲ס˫
Ҫ׷ϣȴоԼá
θߣһͼƺ׳ңΪ룬ڵһɼ͡
Ƿԡֱֻ
һֻһĴԶľͷԽԽߡ
һˣճĲŮУԼ
ʱһĪ˼֮Уûʲô飬鶯ˣûжʲôٷţֻжࡣ
Ժ֮˸ųγͷԸѣ˼ά̽˷
е۲ɼĲƣ𴦣Ҷ죬С׳裬ȸᡣ
ⲻ裬Ȼ졣
ѩ˫ԼҪġ
һʺ磬߲ʹâӳڵٵճϣͬ˼䡣
ˣƮԶ
һУ̷÷ٴŹģͻȻѧ
ŭͷҪſںǳ⣬ͼѹѹһȺȸȥҵⶼ㱻סԵð˼֡
޵ͣ޲߽һЩȥ׷ʲô顣
̹ҫ£ѧԺߵľŲ㽨ȥԺ칫ڡ
ƽʱѧԺԺͻƺ쳾ģһ㲻Ӵˡ
̹ҫȴмҪҪȥ㱨һҲǲѡ
ͻȻ㶵һ죬̧ͷȥճɰǧȸ
Ǽչᣬ౶ŲԶȥ
һʼջصߡ
ԶһЩӸ߳ѧ̽ͷǿɹʮȸԾ
ǴִҶ󴵹ԭҰķ
ﲻ֪ٻ˭ڵ٣Ӵôһ¡
Ī߳ңϼͿ˺߲ݵһĻ澰ʱҲƲŲ
ֻվԭؾĶˡ
Ƿ񣬴˵ո߾ʷư񳯷
ѳѼյķ룬˵ÿһﵽ˵Ⱦ˶ΪڣǧҲͲ
ћԣʯͷ޻ѲȻ죬㿴ǸطԪǲǷǱѰ
һʦ߳ң̾
ѣЩľܷ֣һȺȺɫΧƬյؾһԲ׵С
֮Ųƣͬһһ
Ԫڹĵ
ѧԺߵľŲ칫¥Ժƿʮ𾪵˹ȥ
罣һ۾ͼһŰ£Ŀٵ꣬Ǵ˷ԴԴϹȸ
ǰ񳯷øߵգѧԺСѩҪ࣬Ҳǲѧôǰδ˵
Ժһ˿ȡ


1043 Ǳϣ
һգѧԺĴɢһһѵѧȫפϸ˺ǲŰֻ֣аȸ
УɫĴСԽԽߣԽԽԶɢ˿ȥ
˶Ը⶯ڻζŸո˿
ͣ࣬ȴͷصݡ
Ǻεգղԭڷ֮䣬档
ˡ
ѹ϶˷ɫ뿴˭ڵ٣ȫź߲ݵӿȥ

ͻȻһ
̨ѧһѹͼͷӿ
վ֮Ѿճ˺ܴһȦӡ
кܶ˶űӱЦȥ
ôôᡭ
ֵʮּʱѾҪ޳Ѿ޳
һɶƮ˼λεĵ˴Ӵʱ߲ʣ̵ĺڵĻƵģͷȫһȵ࣬ζ˱ǡ
꣡
֪˭̲סЦ
ȻһôЦ
Ц÷
ŮЦһЩҲǱɫͨ죬ü֮䣬˭ܿʮֻ֡
иڼԼ壬ûУŷ
գЩûйңѵ˲ӿϴˣ

ȥϴϴɣˣ
кĵŮͬѧѵǿʹűӣüͷӣ϶ֻǺģ
һ죬ĹǱʦ
ίҪѰ״
ˣҪʲô¶ͬѧϣֲôܸʲôطſһ㣬ȥϴԡɣӳɺͳ
ҲЩãһҪŻµĳ嶯ļ价ơ
ģ⡣
˼ŵֻıӰһ񺮡
˵Ĳûе˶Уһ˱ûˣԺ˵ûáӡ¾ûôɵ顣
Ȼ񳯷˵ӰȸôԵʮᣬҲӰλӲ
˻Ȼ򣬸ͻȻףͬѧأȥĶˡ
ʱ˲ŷ֣һֱûٵճӰ
֪ʱλĿȸͬѧѾȻ
˷ȥ
ѩ̾Ϣһȫ㣬ЦλȤŶãҪҪҪҾȥ׷ˡ

ĿѩһۣŹ֡
ѩ㣬ͲĻϲȥ׷£ҸûٹϵֻͨѶѡ
鵭ȻԶƺ⣬ȴûע⵽ԼָĵĶһ¡
ȥ׷ĻѧԺкöޡ
ѩһЦĻӻ֣ǺĵǸʲôϵڻףѰ֪֪ҵһԼĵǶô׵¡οܵ˸߻ôǱ֮ˣһǱ˵⣬ͬѧܿˡ
Өˮ͵һ˿ϧƺʲôЦüëǰȥסСѧãͬѧ𣿷ѧûпգȥҰݷá
ݷã
һͷˮ
ѩεҲ׹ʦأͬѧΪѧԺŮ
ÿ˶ԼĶ˼άʶ㣬ѩһͨɱ
òŮҲϲ˲ϲѩͲһѧԺûвϲġ
ΪɼҲΪΪɫһֶص׺
峺Ȫˮº͡
˲²˺ֻŰ
ʱ㶵ĵͷﻶϲ
Ϊʲô߹
ϲ磬׷Һòã

һ£ȫ벻ԭ
仰Ͱ㶨ȵǽһˡ
̾Ϣһζӳ£̧ȥͼǸŰɫУӰԶԶĵһۻܳȥ
ܳŵϳȹiķġ
ĪϼҲˣû뵽컹ĳġ
ѩ㣬ľѾˡ
ҡҡͷ֪ĪϼŮˣɫζʲô
˿ѩ̧ͷ죬ͻȻʲô˵ﲻ֪ΪΣŵʧ䡣

մָͨѶŲ칫¥ﻹһ˿˿˷ܡ
ΪԺټΪһ类ˮϴ͸оһЩµ⡣
ѩѾͷ۹ãڿ˵ָǰ·һΪȻԭȴáǰֻҪ֮һͻԼŬķ򣬿ϧԲ㣬˴ջȴԶԶȲˡ
Լѧɫ嵹Ҳûʲô֮ģϣѩͻơ
ʵѾͷ̫۰ˣһּԼŮĸо
ơ
ʰľš

ڴһԾɤ
ŽȥͼδһλͷЦ˹ûʺã˾վֺǺǵĵѾͷˣհ֣Ĺͺܴ󣬽ʦָ꣬һΪȡ

ͷˮδԺй͵һ档
ʱɫ࣬Ϻء
ôˣ
ǵٵѧ˭Ȼ񳯷ѳ뻯ǰλʦҲȹȥˡ
ûעı飬Ժ۾Źļ
˿Ҳ˷ܡ
ѧԺܳ˲ţҪĻ档
ĴλʱһЩձ޷Ŵ󣬽յˣ黭Ҳˡ
ֻҪһ֮ȥĸλ棬˶򣬺ܿΪٮٮߡˡ
ƽߣҪ¾ֻҪһᣬͻȵ¡
񱻵۹ٷ͹˫ѹƣѣ˲ԽԽá
ԺٵĽ죬Ҳǵһμ
ʲô˵ڵ٣ԱߴһΪ𾪵ĺ
һתͷȥ߲Զվһˣ롣
ʶѧԺ似ָ̹ҫȻҲԺ칫ҡ
Լȫ񶼱Ժûע⵽
ǰôˣ
Ժǰ˵ֵǸƴﵽĽ׵ͬѧҲ죬ûв´Ļ꼫ǿ󣬺ܿͬһˡ
ţ
ԺһЦȻôɣ£ҶСӸȤˡ
žžžϵԲһ£ͻȻɴ۾ĶĻŭ괺ôµģȻСӰѧһ񴦳ӣҪһ𣿲顭ҺݺݵĲ飬˭
ڿӿ죬α̅
̹ҫͲɫ䣬æˡ
ŭУԺһɫͬ߰ζţȻ𵴣ơ


1044 Ǳ£
ſһ¾֣Ӧһ¥ȥ
֪ѧԺԺɽΪԺʱûҪ鲻̫棬һЩ£棬Ĺࡣ
̹ҫÿ٣һͳڰ칫ڡ
˶û˵ʲô
Ȼ似ָѧۼʵԺѧԺż֮ϣԺյ
޻ѧԺϽһָܹԼĶɫǰңȻô򵥵ġ
ûãɽֻˣѾ¸̹ҫָЩϵء
ң
̹ҫ⡣
ԭίΪҪѧֿԣ񴦳˲вԭ˵ûпԵʸҪڿ£ԹۺЧǣȥ²Űѧ´괺Ҳǲӿǵֱ׼δϱ
ЦЦԳ̹ҫ˵ָǲ͸¶ѧԺλ濪ؼƻҪѮ֮ǰͨԡ
û˲ŲȥλУһʵ̫ϧˡ̹ҫ̾Ϣһ
ţˣͬѧ֪ѧԺвͨѧ֣λѧ;Ժ˳ų߲ȥ鵽ѧԺļֻ󡭡Īҳˡ
ĪԶ
Ժ⣺Щ˵ѧԺʲôطԱ⡢ѧҲҲһ֣Ժ𣿡
Сȫ⹴ᣬݺѧϳѧԺ̼ѧԺ񴦳年ġϪδɣȻЩ֪ͨѧǺܲġ
´괺¼Ϊʣְɣѡ
ǡ
ѧ̫ϧˣҪ𣿡̹ҫͻȻ
ռǾ޵һˮĹâͻȻΪᡣ
ѧԺѧλ֮Ȳ˲ŵȱʧһԭ
˵ͷҪӦͻȻüͷһףȻĪҶˣʹֶΣѧԺͲ̫ȫṹʮɢϲҲôһЩ˺׽壬ѧԺе̸ڣѾֵǿԴûֵӦûࡣ
Ժѵöͼ䣬ֵңҽһϢҲתѧ޻ѧԺ˵Ϊ˴˴ελ濪أСǸ
ƣ
̹ҫͲ̷Ȼ״ε֪Ϣ䡣
ȻֵĴͬûаɱԣ۹
̹ҫͻȻ̧ͷʵԺǷΪ˵ĿĲ򵥣п죿
ܣ֮˷룬䵼죬ųƻǨŭ˵ֵ˸鼫á
ĻѧܿҪȫһЩ
Ժ˵ҲЩɺ
ѧԺһϸ֯ס͸Ͼֻһ˵ĵطǹٷټЩԱĴѡǰƽȣһͬʣϣֹ
ԣĿǰƣ޻ѧԺ۹ԺУȫŸҹӵܣŹٷɳѡ
һţϣҡ
ϧһѧӣȻƵѧ֮
į
ѧԺԭ򣬲ѧģȻѧֿԣӦʸҵˣɽȥһıҵ֤֪ͨʱѧޣ޻ѧԺԶΪš
ǣȥ졣
£ˣǶԷԸѧԺϰҲҪ޻ҵԺȡһЩɼҲΪѧԺʡ
̹ҫ˿ԺԴ˴¼ĴֶΣɵðȲʡ
ֶΣҲ
ѹ֣Ͻ۸ô͸ѧԺ͵͵Ŀŵ
ӵܸƽӵҲͻԺû
ۼ£̹ҫ˾ҪǣȴַԸһЩ¡
һΣȴǵڻˣΪ̹ҫӴˣпһҡ

񴦳ӱְ̼ϳѧԺϢܿʹˡ
ЩѧҲϿΣվڹ㳡ϣݿɬ뿪Уš
һ֪Ҫ£ӼȻˣЩ˿Ҳòȥ
ĪվһԣĿأĵ߹һԣ㱨Ϣ
ԶѧϲɫЩ˸Ǹźá
ȻһЩƽѧԽ񴦳ƽ΢ʣŭԡ
ִĵ飬Ͳűףˡ
һεٺãԼԡ
濴ѧһͬʣʵϣԹѧʮݣƽѧȴ
ﶼһ˳ƣȻ֪ʲô
ͬѧһˣȻ˽Σ̫Ȥˡ
ǳҵģѧԺΪΪˣͬѧҲѪԣԾֱѧѧԺˡݺᣬŭԶߣƾĸѧԺ¼¶ܲˡ
סѧѧԺǻʲôͷ
ˣҲֻͬѧŸô棬ѧԺԺǣֻû

ĬȻ



1045 ˮϣ
̷÷Ž̰վһԣ龰ϳһ亹
ոѧԺȥ̸ǲѵһ٣˸֡
ΪƽΪѧҵʱ˵һЩĻҺãзֵ޹أӹһ١
Ҫ֪޻ѧԺĵʦãλǲͣЩʦһˣûĸѧԺûһ֮Ժ״֪ʲôģ
糣ӣ˵ˣԼļܹͥˡ
һ֮˽֡

ճȴѩĳĿ󣬵һˣԼ˵ˣľ㳩
ȵһӷŷɵ˼ѹŷЩ鷳
˷ȸȫۼͬѧΧ£
ˣỤ̄Ҫ͵УٲߣͻᱻΧѯʡ
ٵʦѧ֮УվҲк͵͵ߣһ
꾫ǣ༼նаˣҲˡ
һֱϵĽ޿ܣѹǵһǷңҸɣ󶼰Ѿеʵǿеİڡ
Ų죬ű˳֮лδع뿪
֮£У԰еľɫҲøˣͬڽܵһڶЩ̫ϡ
죬ܲܰһæҪ뿪ѧԺճͱ˽סˣ˱ǡ
ͷһͼһŵϳȹϴӯӯЦĴ˹ͣһۻɫ
Īϼʦûȥ𣿡
ȥˣʲô谡赸ôǴ𡣡
Īϼһۣ˵üë΢Եÿ⣬˾òȥѧ赸Ƶġ
ճ߹Ӱͷһƿ۾
ϥȹûжٱ¶Ƥ߹ĪϼҲһĪջ
ʵ̫𱬣βȹӼÿҪըһ㣬еϸƺոߵüˣ٣زһһˡ
챾ˣֻͱԵ߲ˡ
ճֹţļУĪϼ׽ùϵЩûжֻڰվһ棬ΪԷء
ģȻˡ
ûзǿ˹ơ
Īϼϻ˵ױһһųŮԵȣһջ
ŮԷ˵ԶԶС
ңճķ֣ݷ֮һѰζɬǸˡ
ûλ˿ɿڵĪϼʦ״θֹѧĻûнѡ
ĪϼʦҪҰʲôæ
ոհֽ֣ɱĪҵǼ˼
Ӧûδ뵽çײӲҪ£ϵԼĽģӶ壬Ī֮оܿó
һûжΣգȻҲǿϣ
ճת֪ԼĿǰȻٶͦ죬ǲ
ǵĪϹﲻϧһд۳֣ͺӦ
ĪΪҺͷŻڰбӻԼˮů֪ճȻ֪ˡ
Դȥһң˷š򸾣뵽̬ȣףȣԼš
Ҫ£˼ö࿴һۡ
ˡ
ҺĪȴǲðա

Īϼһ±紵ɢĳ˵죬㲻Ҫô⣬Ժͽϼɣ̹һЩ
ϼ㡭
ճЦúϡ
ҴѧԺ˼飬һЩͼףصģ²аٶܲܰ͵ס¥ϡ
ģȫ˲ܾ˼
ճҲ͵ͷӦȴЩ裬ûôһ
ʵϣǰǱĪϼĵ˻ǣûţһֱԼɶˡ
Ȼı˵մ˲٣ҲЩջ
֮ʱЩǣŮ˻ʱʱĸǮ
ʱ˱ȶˣҩοʲôġ
֣ʱ֮²ĥĿ̺ۡ
˪Īϼ𣬸ģĸԸĲ·֪
żЩɣֻҪԷЦһЦʲô뷨ûˡ
²ס
ճԺһݼ䣬ֱԡ
һʱһʱѲ죬ȻҲûǷݼ¶ֻǴ󷽷ЦЦ
Уٶﶫ˵ʲô
ճһھʹӦ
Щ棬뿴Էʲô
ĪϼȻһЦƺǿģ˳
вã͵˽ߣţһĻ԰סլ
ٽԶɿռؼ޻ѧԺճܺã㳡ϵƮ
ǲݵϻ۵ѧ


1046 ˮУ
Ϸȵúܿ죬ճӺ鼮ʱѾúȣ¹ʮȵӡ
¶ȣǿճ˵ʲôĪϼ˵ȴԵЩˡ
Ҳһ鼮ǰ棬ֻǼʮ·һЩʪ⡣
ǳˣѵûķû𣿡
ճʱŻȻڼУûĪϼƽʱ赸ʱҲͨһ졣
ȥվϰҲѧȭȣһĪȫͬ
Ҫ֪ʱĪѾǴﵽޣʵΪ
˵ʮȵ£ܵʮȵɳĮ֮УҲȲ
ϼ㣬Ҷķǿ壬ôϰأ
ճƮƮӣһ㲻ĪϼĴʵ
ĪϼͣһᣬЦǼĹأŮ䣬ֻѧһЩ黭֮Ķ˵ɱɱá
£ЦݺģճȴӦЦʮֿɬ
һתͽ⿪ͷɻ
ԭˣĪҵļҹ֣ΪŮӲûҴķȨҪɳһЩΥĵ顣ʱŮ˻ᣬҲݳģ˻
ճҲּҷ磬һһˡ
ǻΪŮҪ˵ģǱ˼ҵˣҴؼȥһСľͻй¶Լźܴ𺦡
ΪŮɣͻԼСһŮҪǱܻϲ̫ܡ
ĪøҴķҲŮϰҹ
Ǵͨ䣬ͻǿŲе뷨
һˡ
ϸҸɵȭҲķ
ӣӴŮϱ
ʲôʱˣϹճ²ۣҲ֪ʲôο
Ҳڱ˿Īϼܷ⣬סլһֺҸ
ҲҸʵҪģûѡȨٷҲֻߵĿܡǣߵľżҸȥ
¥ţأЬӡ
ʱճûǲת뿪Īϼе죬ٰһѣҪ⼸鶼ŵ¥һ£һæ֡
ãճӦҲгɼܾĪϼЩƮƮĺϸ
ʲôϣ
׿ˮɣ
廹ֻʮ࣬ڳɳճҲעʳϰߣʳƷһ㲻á
ĪϼҲ⣬һˮ˹
Ĩһ¶ϵëëϸ˴һʪ紵˽Щ
ЦЦԹóһƿ֭Թ
էůûΪոƺоڷȣ΢΢ͿһƬѩ壬Ĺ֣ҫ
ལһճһˮΡ
ǿʼ𣿡
˴ʱѾȷˣĪҵȷڽ£ᶯӲ
ǰѧԺĪʾãֻǰࡣǰŮˣǴˡ
ĸŮʦԼѧǰװȵӣƲúܿأջػջ
ɬҲЧ
ճ֪Է˼Ҳ飬ˣʱ̲ס࿴һۡ
ЩƨңãﰵһĪңȫΪĿĲֶΡ
ϧ˼ͥһǻˡ
һ£ͻƳȥ룬Ҳ̵
˿úܽŮڿУһǵ컣ճһۣЩȻİ۾ƿ
ϾʮС֪ٶʲô˼
͵ȥĪϼĶѾĵĺˡ
죬ҷӣҪúðڷһ¡
ݰһСľݣĪϼ΢ͷС˵
ƺ鷳ⲻȥ
ӺأҪڷţָӾͺá
ճ¥ݣЩġ
ëëŵģ̫ɼ԰ڷźһЩĪϼƮǲҿճ۾
Ǻãŵ㣬ŤˡճЦ
Ҳǿ
ֻǰѼᵽ¥ϣӦûۻһ˶õ
ճĪϼ԰ȥʲô˼ˡ
ɫĳȹᱡ紵һԷ裬Īϼ䣬˫Ȳ¥ϣһȻʹϹ
죬Ҫ˰ˤš
˵ŨŨı˵壬еĲȻ
İɣ֮౶ô㶫ʲô
ճţǲȰ͵͵һ塣
ķ±廹ǿԵġ
ʱ̫ãһʲôʵ̫ϧˡ
ף
ͷģ紵ȹճͷӹ΢΢̧ͷĪϼΪʲôҪ¥ݣҲΪʲôҪӡ
Ǵ·
ճЦõĿȹӴԼͷƮԶˣţĲ뿴˭̫أÿĲÿĶһ
ðɣҳ⾰ɫЩˡ
ճЩȣıܣܿ͵Ѫ뼤顣
˼ƽϢһ궯ġ


1047 ˮ£
ľУƺûгֹһĻҲԼĽٶȣĪ˺ľ裬ҪӿٶȣӴжˡ
Ҳ֪ôĪϼ˼빤ģһŮƳ߳ܵĶҲǻȥˡ
ĪϼվַϹĵ˺һᣬƺȫûвԼ߹ΪһĴ̼︡
ݵʱһ򣬲ˤճȵķס
˼ഥĪϼ˸͵ȥȴճɫ糣峺ͬǳ財
ȻôȳƳƺûܵʲôӰ졣
֣˵ǰϲСŮһ𣬼ŮǶһɫԵģôһ㶼ѵҵ
Щϵ⽥ľʧͷࡣ
ƽһβҪжʧܡ
ҾͲаˡĪϼҧҧ
ѽۣʹúܣ֪Ҿˡ
赸ʦƵ˵
ճջЦϼ԰ҵõġ
ܻ֣Це˵
Ǽǵýϼ㣬ʵָоȤ쳾ɣЩ鲻ȥȫᶮ⡣
ƽһ飬оʡ
ң棬뿴λ赸ʦʲôУ
ĪϼԼڲɳ棬ݺݵĸһۣ֪ջƣû˵죬ôûһأʦᣬҰĦһ¡
У
ԳʦţʦѧǲǸˣ
ճ˼ѧ⡣
ĪϼѾԼѧ˽ˡ
ﰵЦҲаͰҾԻʵëëš
ִĪϼļ棬ǹỬ壬˵ָлļá
ŮȫΪִ棬ǰ޻ѣ˲ļһСľͰɢ˼ܡ
ĪϼߺĽк֣ſɳ棬˺ǲš
ߣһ־̬ΪĽӴţСĿ
ճİţȴζӳ¡
һЩ£Īϼ³ƺܲãʵϣ첢ûʲôʵԵĹϵֻΪ¿ǰĺܲ
죬ϣͲҪʲôصĲ壬Īȥλ棬ԱҲԾ
һĪϼȻʧȥӦеá
Ī£Ҳˣ޸˼ңҲ̫ܡ
ļУһУƺһֱѻ޻ѧԺ뿪֪ȥ
ǽĪҵһʲôƻΪĻ
ճʵҪЩ飬ֻҪͷעղ֣˳չҪ
ϧǳվĲ˵ЩǶԷ˼Լء
Ȼ˵ƣԼû̫຦˱ţ鲻ֻǰжûɲõĺҪġ
Ʒ˵һƶ񣬿ֻУ֮ȴҪϤġ

Īϼƺоʮ泩΢΢ĲһӣһȻȻɫȹỬ䵽䡭
ıϢ۽ëһ־
ƣֱۣĦ泩Ѿ˯ˡ
ɳϵĪϼ¶ڹһ仰Ǿǣ˯ˣûκηɶɣٴһ㣬ٴһ㣬
ۿһ˻Ķס
Դ˾ճϰˣҲݲȥˡ
̾Ů˶Щģһһʽֱۣ飬мȤ
죬Ѿóˡճ촽ֿһЦݣĳ˫֡
һԵı̺Īϼϣתͳӣ÷ţͷҲصȥ
ƣҲһ£ǰһΪȻڿƺ߿Լء
ճߵǱΪԼʵôһҪ˳ˮۡ
ǵӹڵ³Եڵӻȥ
ģҲô
˺ôѹͷ
Ե˵潻棬ȥ˺һɱŮˡ
ƽԭŭ׷գοͻһЩߣ´ֻΣ
·ϵ裬סңϣδ
ճ·ϣŽˮˣȴƽˮ
ͻȻӦһ˫ӡ
ͷ֪ԶĪϼվڴԱߣĬĬĿ˹
㣬ɣ裬Ĵ̺̣ɫʸһ磬һĪ˼ӳĺ
ԲԹԱĪϼ
źԶҾܸӦϸ΢ΪӦˡȻУ쳾ģԭˡ

վűߣճ뵽ԼϻӮһʡ޿ҩ£תһ
ͬѧȥģһ̣
һͣ£ҡһŴԴ˳ڳŨܵĴرۣ޻ѧԺĳ̹ҫ似ָ
ǾͷʦˣճЦЦҲܾ򿪳ž˳
΢΢֪Է·ߣȻȥԼС
ʲôأ˴ʱӦѾ֪ѧˣΪλе𣿡
ճֹ


1048 ĺ꣨һ
ȥģ
̹ҫǸԸһ㶼֣ϴŹŹЦݵĿԶĻ԰סլһۡ
ôǶһ᣿
ȥܼǶסլܼĪϼۻɫĺ
ճȻĿһۣǻлѲѧԺ֪һЩʲô
ȥҩɡճҲشһ⣬ûֻЦŵòӮһЩǮҵȥҩģ
˵飬̹ҫȻȤҿˡ⣬ƺǰվԽŽѾ׶˰ɡ򵥰վ紫ʮֿˣû㹻Ժ޵˾磬϶ǾһԾͷ
ճȻԭվԽŽѾܡ
ҲǣԼΪоƬȼ壬ûа취ܿ޳ɡ
Ԫʵʾеԣһ˻ϾͿҲܼסһһεİ
ﵽ׶壬ȻҪ¾õϰʮʹࡣ
̹ҫ˵ĺƶȻԼ۹⣬ѳ趨ΪԶʻӳóһСճϣΪμѧֿ˵£ѧԺγѾְԺ㼫ΪͣΪ޻ѧԺҵԺ󻹿ʱУޡ
ճӹһǱҵ֤Ȼ
ѧ֮ʱûж룬ֻǵ˺ѧʦһ׷˾Ҳ֪ǽֲȻ
Ѿѳӵ˸ϳѧԺʦȴûٶҼѧԺλƻѵԺǶѧΪǡ
ճűҵ֤һʵ
㲻Ҫ룬ԺҲǳڰĿģû»ȥֻǰ˱ҵ֤ѧԺѧ
̹ҫճɫæͣѧԺԴѲǰ㴿⣬ҹ壬е۹ٷȫ͸УĪҡҵȱؼ壬ҡҵǱذУ˭Ҳ֪ǰʲôݣĪұ˼ӣҲֻǱ¶һЩˡ
˵ҲаѧԺճʵȽϹ
ԣ̹ҫѳֽһЩתͷ˵Ժ˵ˣ⼸ͻת޻ѧԺСˣȥѧԺ
ƣʲôϵ
ճҲȥΪʲôҪԼСƣ˵޻ѧԺԺ֪һλ޵ķʸô˵϶ĵ
˵ĺ꣬ϲְ˵
̹ҫЦЩֻһһģƺ˵鷳ˡ
Ҳճشͼʵָĵ۹ʢĴţȫǰԶսǿѹͬʱ֡
ƣǾ˵ˣǲѾͷҪﵽףװæǲѣսǿˣ
̹ҫɵһĿճЦսǿбƴ˭
ǽ
ճס
ֱϴŵ͸
ǰǱҲϣԼǰȫŰ
׸ֶһܵס
̹ҫ̾ϢһλУȻ㲻ʲôڱ磬λǱǱֻҪɲٿأǾǱʵ
ȻΪǿ֮ֺСԾĴĩԺ˼Ͻ֮õǶһ㡣
ճĬȻû㣬ԽԽԵԼ飬ָҴɱʱ鷳
ģҼʮ侲ǣԭ޹ʵǨŭ㣬ֻҪܿƾˡǾһӣº޹˼ɣʵǿ˵ʮѲ
жǿ
ʵӦòĶ̹֡ҫЩա
ճȥһֱţƺģȻǫ顣
ճ񿴵Щ˼̹ҫɫ̹Ȼ˻ֵ򲻹һҲʲô£ѾﵽĽ۷壬似ǿƿһһꪣһʱ֮ɱ˶޽̾ŴĽ׸֣пλĽ۷֡
ӦòĶ
ǫ飬ڽˣӡ
ճЦã̹ҫһĽ۷壬˼һɱ˾ŸĽףúܶŶԡ
Ȼꪵģ
ҲǰǹճЩ⡣
˶ԱƿطǷǹֱ̫ףͰ洫ǹΪꪷԴһװꪣû˹Ϊʽϸ壬֮ʱꪷξˣǣķԪγԪϫһĽǰֶ
أ
ճ΢΢ͷʾԼСӦԡ


1049 ĺ꣨
ճҲûеƣ̹ҫֻΪ׶壬໳ĽףЩҲ֡
ʢ䣬ƫףԽŽﵽĽףһ㣬Ҳﵽףõֶζ಻ʤҲ̫ʲôơ
ճ̫̹ҫҲȰǼˣ϶ͻ֪˫Ĳ࣬Ҳ˵ˣһ˽ĺ꣬ҽ֣ʮ꣬磻һλҦϲ֣ضˣһСҦӣ֪ѧһ׸潻֣ȫˡ˵ѿռһͿ˽֮ʱֻˣܴõġ
˸ûʲôʣҲȥעԺҴһ仰
ʲô
μϽѡΣλ̽նӣǧǵҪǸӳλãʲôԲ⣬ӳȴá
Ǻε
ճһͷˮ
Ȩû̫ȺãֻҪܰȫĵĽλ棬ջһ㣬Բ⣬Ӳӳʵϡ
ΪҪõĶЩһ
ҪõһЩλԭûʲô
Ծȡˣͬʱ
ȽЩλԭãûҲӰʲô
죬ɲҪ⣬Ժ֪ģϽƬ̣λˣ޻ѧԺıҵẦģˡ˵úףӳ϶صĺô
̹ҫɫ࣬ų羴֮ɫԷԺΪ
ճͷӦ¡
ʱʲôûŪҲ¾ʱвɣҲơ
Լһ·ʽҪ˶ѡ
ֻҲ˼Сġ
̹ҫڰҩճ͵ͷ뿪
ճųӿվԭĬȻϸ˼
ӳ̹ҫлϿ֪ٷλ̽նӣԼĿǰĴ˵ʵġ
ܲѧԺʲôжᣬٷԻ
ǣշԺĻ˵ǲҪԼӣʲôİأ
Щ̹ҫ˵ò岻ϻˡ
˵
Ҫλ̽նӵĶӳһôʸȥ
ܿܿɫɫƬأһֱǹٱλ˼ռţʲô֥С٣˴Դȥġ
ȥ벻ףճʰ飬Ҹá
תͽ˰ҩꡣ
ǰö׼
Ѵﱾ׶εĶ㣬ѲܴȫżһԽһЩԼȫʹ
Ϊأž޴ռ䡣
һЩҩȻûλԭҺô󣬶ҲܶЩ
Ȼҩԭ򣬻Ҫϵһ̰塣
ǾΪޡ
ճϵУͬҪġ
ҪףõĸҪﵽףȡͻƣҪ޽Ҳס
ʱ۶ԪһⲽԶͬס
ΪڰվĴУҲûãʿһߵ޺һͬʱﵽס
ԪԽŽԽŽʵδ漰ꡣ
ĪԶͷĶ̶̽ӴҲܸӦóԷΪƺǿù֡
ͷԼʵΪܹǣԪıԪԣγ
ķλ洩Խڸ缳ȡ֪ʶУ쳾ġ
ྭ֮ȻȻľƷʡ
ҲǵĪͷһԿӣճֶܹԷ̽Լԭڡ
ΪճƷʣʵͬһײ㣬ûʵԵĲ
͵һ棬ڿңҾܷ֡
ʲôʲô
ΪʲôΪûרŽ޳ַţһ֤
ǾӢĵˡ
˵Щ˵ΪҲܲˣӢԶճ֮ϣճƣȫû̫໹֮
ɱɱƾͿơ

ʲôֻһ˲ΣҪ۹ңôȥ
ճһֻΣЩŭ
￴ֻֻﵽҩ˵ڴ磬ϣǵִᣬҲǺҵõġ
ѲɣҵǺڵꣿ
Ҳܰ
ճĴ˿ɫ˹ȫǿЦû˶ԼĻʲôͬ
͹ˣ
ҩЩų̧ۣͯ۵
λǱֵҩĹʵݵҰҩѾҵˣǱߵһ˹ֲΣ۸ܱ˵ģһ꣬ҪҪһ֣
ҩƹǸüĿͷճŭҲֻϸ
ֻ˵úȴ־絶
֮ǣб˵ģξͱˡ
⻰ճȴЦ
ԽǿõģԽǼ̣öҲ֡
˲κ˹ֲܱ𣿵ˣ


1050 ĺ꣨
ճҧҧŰ˲ˡ
ɽشԪҩ裬ַûֻ̫֮ʹںһҩԽǿԽãԽºԽãԾҪݵҩ
Щ˹ֲҩģȻҩԲ̫Ǿٴʡ
һã˼
õ˲ãõöΪ
԰
ƿ۾ճͻȻһ
Ҫº͵ҩԼȻǲҪġ
Ľ֮ʱþŽطϬþǿޱȡ
ܳܵľҩʲô
ңֻҪܿӣǾǱҲû¡
ƾоƬ΢ӣȼһЩֵֿ԰ָ״̬
ô˵ҩ㣬ȫԿ㡣
˹ֲθøһɡ
ճ룬ͰѰη̫Ķ۲Ҫˣ־š
˻
һ˹ֲʵҲʮҩֻΪҩ̫壬Գֻյеʮ֮һҲһҩԲŲֵǮճȴôһ¡
оҩʺԼġ
λˣѩοɲܵԣö˶кƹճҪһ꣬۾
֪ץҩɡճΪҪһĸҩǺҩá
ҩˣĿԽһ㣬ɽشһãֻͣҩࡣ
У
ҩͷɫŹֵİҩá
˿ʲôȫԸֲǶҩֻǾѹˡ
ԸԸڳô˿ţҲû˻˵ҩˡ
ô˹ѩʲô˲˷Ǯ𣿡
ȵԻ壬ʱĪ
ЩȰ˵磬㳳ճһҾҪ֣дãǲģ겻ѣҲˡ
ˣԡ
ճЦڻǺܺƵġ
ԭᣬһȥҲֻۿţ˻һ䡣
ѾΪɵĴʱͺ˶ˡ
һЩôҩģճϵ۹ҴҲֻʣ¼ʮ򣬲ɵø̾еȷʺƶ˼ҡ
ͻļҩЩ㡣
ҩĽͿԼӿ̰ܷ֮ӳʵҪǿࡣ

ոսԼԺӣж˻ճûüɩͣͼˡ
ǰľǹϧȥҴææµµ飬ʱȴݹЦúǿġ
ǣһŮԼʮ߰꣬һˮ
Ůһ߽Ժӣһճһӯӯˮʡ
ѩǼ˼
ճķ֣ǰѧԺﵯٵλ޻ŮܵԼˣҿӻϧȡ
ںıģһžʹ̽ͷճ¶һЦζ
ɵվʲôС죬ѩһҲ֪ӭӣȥú
ϧЦеģѩһۣģתͷͽ˳
ȥǿЦ⣬ҲҪ

ճæסԼõһԣѩȻĿԼЩ飬æһºЦݣС
ôоңʵ˵ѧôǼˣǲģ
¡СѾͷæ磬ԼҸЩãƲƲ͵ְɣ˼ѩǳģϲ㣬׷㣬ģ
׷ң
ճһ±ƣ˲ټЦߡ
죬ǲǲӭң
ѩȻվűЩ֪롣
ûѧݹ٣԰ôܲӭ
ճЦӭ͡
ôɫŮ׷ôҲŰɡ
ʵϣѩľٶ治Ǽٵġ
ճӭѩЦһץסճĸ첲ʵôģ
ʲôôģ˼ά̫ѣճЩˡ
񳯷ﰡѩһۣȻһԵķ飬ǰʱˮȫʧ
ҧҧ´̾Ϣһҽ췽֪ϻգǰȴˡ
ɿճֱۣԺ￪Ļ䣬΢΢˵Ұѧ٣ֻ˰ʱܵһӣϲ˵ѧٵĺӣѵõšû˵ʮȥˣҵյȷһǰﵽףΪΣѾܳҰ벽ҲûʸҵսƷʦǸ֪ٻᣬϲ˵ʲôʵǺܲΪȻġ
ճĿѩʱʱǳ̾Ϣﻳ¶ɰơ
ŪͿˣСѾͷףϧҲףΪϲԼȻ׷ˣȴƭùԼǿľء


1051 Źһ
ѩ峺͸ѩɽȪһ˿쳾ɫŰ̬
ճҲ⣬ֻǾ
֪ͬѧ˵ʱжô𾪣˵ɽʱǶôϲ༼ɿҪȴڵ죬ӰȸһŶطţôģ
ճȻԭԷĿ⣬ǳ֮⣬
ѩеȣճЩȴһЩ
Ϊʲôѩʮ근䣬ͿԴﵽ˳ɾ͡
ɲʲô÷ţҲûν߷ĴУȫƾֻһиĿ๦˵˲
Ȱ֣Ȱգ벻κɡ
Ҫǣˣѩһ˳죬СʳǣͥҸ켣˼ѧԺûо̫¡
Ͳ̫򣬸ӯӯʯ诵ȫͬȻѽⴥ⾳ΨĵĶ
׺Ϊˮȴɽƣ
һ־һ
ͱ磬Ҫһ׽ӣԼĸӰ쵽ˣжģ˻ۻ˱һ㣬ܵȥɡ
Լû̸д̸Ӱˣ
ǣҪô˵أ
ѵȰλǰλ澭һܴ̼
Ȼ˼ˣ˵ɻҲ򷢲ߡ
ճˣǸִŵӣеֱҪڻ
ӯӯܴ˰ͣΪͬӵһ㣬鶼ǿѹĵףòƽ翣ҲΪСһ˿ɽȪּ䣬˴ȻȤЦǵ꣬һң
ճ˼ţŵѩʵѧ㣬̸𣿡
ûУôˣʲôɣѩ΢΢ſС죬Ի
Ȼйϵʫ˵ʫ⣬ˣԴ
ճ˵ţѩǲһ׽סС֡ţ⻬ϸۣ˲ô÷ſ
ʵʲôоûС
ѩ۽ëӣֺʪӦг
ðɣҸոո˵еʪճ
ͷϸһȻƽͰĵһ£Ҳ֣Сʵûоմ𣿡
˵žͰϸ˺ţʵأ
ԭմ˰ͬѧĻҲôȣǣйϵ𣿡
۾ӯӯЦ⣬˸оʮС
ΨһһӦеĶ
Ǿ찡ɬ԰ʲôģճԼȥСãҲöԷﷺ
ðɣˣһȱʧ֢ĹȾ쳾
ճ΢΢һ˿ϧ
λ޻ѧԺΪŮŮȴԭǸˡ
ȫ֮ϣġԣϲŭ֣ӦЩٶۡ
ѩΪճڽࡰ񳯷ķ΢΢˫ۣ˼һͬѧ§ŵĸоţ豧Ҳࡣ

ճϰˣڨڨĳ֡
׼һַ̼Ҳ˼óˡ
ôо۸СŮأֱ̫߳ˡ
Щ죬Ҫ˵ʲô
ݽһӰζ͵ǿСԴһͷԵڵء
վֱ壬˼ЦǼʲôû
ճɫãȻ
ѩ鵭Ȼ
֮ܲ
ճ϶һ㡣
ĥŴǣ˵λŮӣֻ˵ѧ㣬ѾˣѾﵽ׵ٽ㣬ٲҪҹֻҪ飬ഺʱ⡭磬ͬѧһΰҰٲμӸŻУԸһϷ
ҵСˣ
ѩ˵
ճסȷ֪оȻλѧ㵱µСһ
ʵϣλѧϸ΢ȱʧ֮⣬ʲôġ
ճ㶣ȻһЦת߽˳˰̣ҵĳͦģó趼ʱҵġ
ģѩҿ޲ŹһóԲ
ӵ㶬ϻʰɡ

Թϧ֮ճðѩ͵ѧԺ
˵˼ҽεεĴһ߲ġ
⻹˵ʲôֻӡ
ֵǣϧճǰҵûаֻ̾Ϣһ쳤ˣԺҪԼţֻҪΪǶԵģȥõļ档
ֻҪ̸ֺգѩʵܺദ˵ȫҪȥֱֱΪϡ
ֻҪһգǾͻһᳶһĿͼַ˵ͷޱȡ
Уţ³ѩ̸Ũòֹסȴûʲôѹ
ճ֪˼ǲˣҲ̫⣬ֻǻӻЦѧпտҼ棬±𼱡
ţѩЦЦ߽˵ͬѧʵЩϲ㱧ңֻҪ̫ͻܡ
˵꣬ҲճػƤգգۣתѧԺ
ǲǿˣȱʧ𣿶ˡճһЦ
ͷһλԼľӦ
ԶһɫСϢͣ
ڳڣ͸ǰճѩ˻һûж
֪ΪΣһֵĸоƺģɬɬġ
ҲΪһƨÿЩϰ߰ɡ
һճԶ³ָֻ˪ģСԴ΢΢𣬽Ųʮּᶨ

ϽԺ԰ѱˣֻм˾š
Ժзżߺľײģϴ֮£Űơ
龰ײзű飬ˮڡ
ĺӢǾҵҪô˲鲻ߡ
˿˿ϡ
ŲһȺ߽š
ΪһԼʮֱ߰꣬ͦǹ۾ʮ⣬ͦ¡üëֱ޽ǡ


1052 Ź
Ҷơ
Ժ˵õϢΪֱӽ޻ѧԺϴȥ;Լӷɣȴû뵽һʱ˴
Ŀź⣬ɨԺӣǼ˴ĺæվͷԸ
Ͻ͵ô˵
ƻ˻֣ʵ
æѹ׸Ǵ򿪡
ڼ˲ҰɫϢ
׵һ߹ھģȻȥҽԺ֮ʱװʮƽͣƺ˯оͱɱˡ
Ӣʮߡʮż˵ȴǾ֡ŵŤ
Ͻٷ˲鿴˾Ĺӵ˵ƣû˵ʲô뿪ˣδ
һ깧Ӧ΢΢ЩֻöԷ˫ʮַͺܿԼġ
СΪĹȥңϮ֮ʱֱԴ²û̫ǡٷٲ飬ŭˡ
°ҲпԭϽʵڵ۹ſʮ֮ڵͨϼһ½𲻾ãʮ˲Ÿոͻףȷûʲôҡôɵ㣬ǶܲŲʣһնԸð
ߴ˵ţƽ֣ḧڹĵϣһ˿ʹת˲ʧ
ִ£Ҽǵ㱨Ϣ˵СǼ˵ӦλԳ֣һ飬𣿡
ǣǰҹˣ֪Ĺӵ˵ϵͽ͵£죬ʵɲ⣬ʵڲǿС
һҵĵչ̾
ɫһϲڣͻȻоԺڷɫþ֡

һָոճڣͼһӰͷ¡
Ѫˮһء
ȫȳϢ
ϡ
ջеĳꪣһӣֱꪷʯߣꪸ죬žɱ
Ҳִ£ֻˡ
ͷһ͸оֽŷҲ˲õۣſϣе
ױĿ˼ԺڵȳѪʮ£й֮У
Ҳſڵˣ̤ǰʵ壬˵˵ΪʲôҪɱ
ǣӣһֺɤţڸ¼ɵ㣬ͼʵӰжϣ棬Ա
һֱӰһվƵ󣬿ݰС˵ȴװѹɤ˵Ҳ﷢ʵϼΪǿᣬѪǿʢԳ
ˣǼִ£ֻͨˣôСҲ޿ɺǣǣĺôţȴûа㵣ǳ鷳ǣԼԣ
תͷˣʵ˵ɣ鶼˵ܿǸ˭йʲôԹ·ϱҧ˵С£Ҳǵ鱨õġ
ɫƽ䡣
˸Ǿ壬ѽһЩȫһ˵˳
˵סԺ飬ѧԺиճȶҲ˵˸ϸϸǽĿá
˵ҽԺĽӢ˵ķӦ
ܹͣ˵Ҫɱ졯Ļ
ǵģҽԺһЩҽͻʿҲû˵棬Ϊʱǰദۣʹ̣ܿ
ûðѧԺĿ֮´ܴˣ䲻ҪǶš
ֵ̾Ը֪۾͸һС˵Ĳ˵ĳ˯ᰲȡκ˵һ£϶Ǹ챨ڻûʼˣѾԸ³֮֡£ôܻ֦Ѱף˵ܾ֮߳ŭϮǲʮֻ𣿡
ЦеĿŹľģƺԷȻڸǰԼȡЦһЩͳЦ
﷢֪ԽˣԽǿ£˶ֵ֪֮ƽ鼫á
ִòԩ׵ĵܵˣôӳ顿⽨һ͵壬ѾǰԼ˶ͷ̨
ǹףᣬĶд繦ûʸأϸ̽٣һֹ˲ˡ
ǡ
Ӧ
ֻеȻѪ쳤ڻʵӣһҴ˳ˣ
˾ʹˣɱŹܵԸҵðɡ˵ˣһȨƵϵӵܣȻϣֱǲ֪
ǱߣǿǶɫ
ǵλ֣ŻСġҲ룬Ǻεӣ˶׸ΪǳûУ˼úܣͰ۹֮ϣʥ׷Ͻ𣿡
Ӣ
Цڷ
ԽƵߣָľʹġ
һ˵ӣ
Ѫ壬ʵȻҪ֪ǰĵѪȫ׸֣λ´ĽɽͲܳӵߡ
ŵ棬ֻҪıʣܱ֤ǡ
οƱʵϽҲ˼̫࣬ΪΪĵ


1053 Ź
磬ճϽڵء
Ӵƿʼ͸λЩͬûԪɱҲû弸ıͳΣû˷ŭİ꿹սܺõıԼٹ⡣
ˣ˳ߵĵλǿʢƥĳ˶۹Ϊ١
һЩ˼Ҳû̫Ӱ쵽ϵ۹
ϽȻ踮ȻŸԱܵ˵Ȩͦġ
ճǰ¥ãﰵ̾š
ԭ磬ЩŴͱһδεսݻ٣ﻹǧǰľż
ܼ֤ʷĲɣ֤˵ҫδԽʵͦá
ˣ̹ҫ˵Ͻٷõİ취ͨѭ;ˣǼáֻܻԴõӡ
ѭŸת˰Ȧһ߹۾һϸ˺һᣬճڽֿڵһƷԱߣҵڡ
⿴ӪһΪģأ
ճԼˡ
ǰʯʨӣţͭܲźƮƮŽɫš֡
ǰվǹʵϵҩȫĿˣĿо䣬Ȼǿ֡
ףⲻôˡ
ճȥ̸Զ˺С
תͷһͼһžɵŮˣ֡
ģƺЩš
ķЩûˡ
ճЦЦ֪ŮǸĳӣ֪Լʲô飿
ķûЦֻ´ճһۣ˵Щֳ˺ô飬Ķϣǲ򵥰һȥͨ籨ŵģλں滤ţоգҲûȥ
Ǹı˸ѲֻӮ䣿
ճؾ˵
ԳϣǴҶ֪ġ
ں˺ɱӢˣѰ·飬ýټϹϵشԲϡ
ˣҲ¶ţ֪֪治֪ģ˭֪ǲڹ̽ҵĿڷ硣ճĥ
У㻹Ҹ˼Ͻ˶֪ŵΪƷԣԴСΪ㣬ôܳ֡
ҲУ
ճĬȻķĻ˼ˣҶΪԴԼϡ
ִġ
ʵҪ֤ݣֻҲ¾ˣᲢǰνķᣬһΪʢα磬ڷ֮ϵĶ
ôһЩˣɲܷɲɣֻҪɾͿԶ֡
ô
ǰķһľճͻȻޱȻǺŪڵġ
ķҪ˵˼ı㣬õİ㿴Ƕ׼ٷˡٴϽҲĿŵĳٷ
һ꾯˹ܼͶ죬ͬճкתͷķ˵
˵ɣɫȴЩࡣ
߽ЩС뷨Ǻõģˣյ߱˵ĵĴƴʱڵ㣬ܿͻҵϡոѧû޻ѧԺӻûмٷΣյʱ򡣡
Ϊճľܼ֮ʱճĴͬܣʱЩ
ﲻԺ˵ֻҪ룬ͿԵõٷӻҲ
ֻ֪һ֪˸ͨиϽٷǰʱʹɢƲƷ۹ΨǾ٣ȻֵˣΪȥҲòʲôᣬο˴ء
Ҳճ׷ʣǷ£ɱֳھµİһЩǸǶ£ʧ˲һνǰǰϵһжۼÿҪù鰸ȴûϵ©˷תͷͶϽã˸á
ҲУ
ճȻʧЦץٸҡһΪˣֱЦһ㡣
һμʶĿԼνѡȨֻ벻
ڹʱͽа
ʵǿǲϽλ̽նӵĶӳ̹ҫԼĻճһ䡣
ܼЩ죺µûζӳĺܸߣ£һֵܣÿνһ죬Ҳ͵úܣĪ֮£⣬̽նӵĶӳˡ
ң˺ǻʳѰ˵룬Ȼֶѹ£ıº͸ԣźѵõϿɣͻֱǱȻ
ܼͻ䣬ͼŴ߳һݺӣԼĪʮ꣬һϸ·ƮƮƺ㲻մء
Ҫǣ˿ճĿЩ⡣
ӴվĽͷҲҪðŻ̫Сݲ񣬻ذɡݺб۴ճ˵
Ƿ¡
ܼ͵˵Ƿߺ޳ӡ
ţ
ճͷܼ͡ķˣͷɻ
δüȥȫ綼֪Ϣˣֵã⣿
ЩǣǷеϸ͸صѪɷ֮ԩơ
ѾһЩħԣ֮аХ֮۱ʶˣһﲻ֮ڰģҴ⣬ˡ
ճһ䣬ӦϽڰɣĪǸˣ
֮⣬˹̫ܵˡ


1054 ۾һ

ܼһ̾Ϣ֪ճԸ϶˿ãǺ£ҪϽã¿ɾˡ
ķҲǵǵճ
˲֪еĻЩԱǶꡣ
˭Ҳỳɸͨͼε˼
Ͻشغش÷ͨ˵ǸȱܵõôһһҲǣŵ۹߲ġ
˵ֻ£óĵط
һһףҵǷˣǶˣҲˡ
ѹøͷǣضҴδ̫һЩ
ҡĪҡռңаվ硢轣ݵһЩ鼰ſĴֹݣ˵ǣŵ۹ǰеļѧԺ֮һ޻ѧԺ
ѧԺǺ£ѧԺԼܲˣͻˡ
Ϊѧܸߣõ۹߲֣޻ѧԺλ濪ػᣬҲ˸Ŀ⡣
ǿܹˡ
ռȻһ棬һҪԭҪ׷ǧ
λ̨ķǸ˵ˣ˵Ͻĸͨǵ۹ңҲߡ
ֻҪǹıֵŭԹû˸ȥܡ
ڼз֮棬Ҫִе۹ߣͨʾѹܴ
ûбķӣǲ޻ѧԺֵܲĵطͰ˸ܸϡ
һЩͨļ˹Ҳ㲻ǰ취İ취
¾£븮˵ߡ
˵һ־һǧǵж
ͨϣȥķȫͶôһ죬ϽٷҲԼһ
ѹķңǿ
ճէûŪֱƷ£Ϊǲǣܼ͵УϽĴѾˡ
ճһӶûɫһ±ڣƺһЩ˵ĳǸŮˡ
µûͷȥͼǸ泤°ɫѵĳĮŮӣдŲ
Ŀе˼ԣţҲû˸߿һֻۣƨı£
ããһЦ޻ѧԺĸ߲վͷƾӢȻнʸ񣬵˵˵ȥҲֻѧˡ˵㲻ǻؼҳȥɣﲻӭ㡣
һѪɷ֮R죬Ȼƾѹճ֪Ѷˡ
ǷµֺϷ
ԸֵˣֻҪУ־ͻδս֡
Ȼİճûʲô浶ʵǹѧԺɸԴˡ
˼˵ڣֵǫǫΪٷˣ˵֮佭ϰʮ㣬˵ԵճЩ֡
Ͻû𣿾ȻҵּһãѳոֵĴȨЩԼǲˡ
ճûеëŭЦһﷸҲ˲ҾͿϽŸĴжѽ
˵һâ¶ƿǡ
ǹѪɷ֮ոյǰŭô

ճʱԶһ¥Ҳڰػ档
ˣôɫ뷭̿»еõˣ
ͷڿ˲ơ
ֵǣûд棬ߣ١
޻ѧԺԺʱ¥¶ſڵ龰
ͷԺһյޣᴵȥˮݣһڣ鼫ΪڣβסЦ⡣
ȻطһҲ⡣
Ϊ˵ʮϣͷںһ˿ɫһҲѾʮֻ꣬ʮģüá
ֻǵͷŪִĴָıָǵС΢΢̳һߣȻԺ⻰ûˣֲǰѧԺģҪʲôз֡Ʒ¼޹ؽҪֻҪܰ£ʵǿͿˡ

ҭһ£ĵͨǰԲãҺạ̊́Цˣͷ
ѧԺոշѧз֣Ƶѧ飬Ȼ֪ܿˡ
Ƿڴɡ
˵Աݬ룬ʲô˶գͰָѧԺɹʲôʦУ˭Ҳ˵˭ƨɸɾȥ
ȻѧԺײѾ͸ˣʲôϢزסŷ飬ʹϽ̫ΪˡԺɫҲ
ֱ˵˰ɣѧҪҪ˲̫࣬Ұһˣδʱɱڲǡ
ߣҶ֪мＸȥһ̽նӶӳλøѷ´ѹȥԺ˵Цɡ
ͨһҲżԼĺֻЦôƷвãȴǿս֧ţֵӲʵúܣһé®ѧƾʲôᲢۣȲ˵˵ˣܻᶯ֣Ժ𼱰۲ĿԴ˵
ʵȸͨҪǿһЩ˵ӦøΪǿƣ鲻ֻһ棬ͨΪϽ𣬴۹һȴŵӵĴȨϣҲԷ
ɲ˼˵ʲôʲôء
ʵΣġ
ң۹˭桱Ҫʼˣ뿿λġѪܰϽٷһҫ
˼ͲΪ˵ˣԣԷƼҲֻС
˸ͨһۣҲû˵ʲôЦǾͿ

´ʱﻢ£û뵽ԼѹȲûռϷ磬ԷһƵɢĺۼ
ʲôʮ
֣ԼòƼӳҪѹƣ⡣
һɹ֪һֱûշлӨڿԼ֡
СĺãʶأϽҰһƥ֬һ׷
һ˿ҪԷĸԸǿԷˣĻһһۡ
ڣ˭Ҳܱ𰡡
ȫһЩ֪ߵغļһ
һŭԣĵѪϸĽ



1055 ۾
ҵˣ
һЦ̤̤ĽŲ
ſڽŵһɨա
ЦĽ֮⣬ƺ˵ͷ
ճҲоһɼǿҵΣϮͷתͷȥ
ˡ
ŵһʮ߰꣬ĸߴ˶˫ü絶һ˫ƺЦƺЩɭ䡣
ֱֱĶճ۾Ҳ²Ľ࣬ǰ
һСݺӣһ˳ꪣ米бһͷߣǰ경һ£һ֣һ֡
ֻˣ߶֮ʱһɽѹ˹
ƣ
һˣܵƣѾ˭
λʢĺ֮㣬֪֮ꡣ
ƵĳһսʱҲһԼʶ
һħ裬ɱλĽ׸֡
ƣ磬˿Ŷ̲סΡ
ӣЩľ
ôѵҵ鷳ԣ˵СܵйִѾȻġ
ҳ֣СӾҪˡ
뵽һ
ȥȻһӣʵϣճƶƴûռϷ磬ʵҲúܡ
콭ûɵӣ߻Ȩʹȫˡ
Ҳ֪ҡĪҵ˰ı㣬ܵ޻ѧԺվĸ߶ӣôƽ֮
ûҪĻĲԷͻ
ǣ֪һ㣬Ͻصľʵ첻µز£Ҹķη̬Ҳֳֻܱһ㡣
ȻˣǾСӴԹ۾ˡ
ԭֵˣг𱨳ԹԹйڣøǡ
´Ҫ˿һǺ죬Ҹӵζ
ء
һѪɫӰӹӰһѪĻ㼱նһͳȵʲôҲоƹֵܡ
¸Ц˼Ц⻹û;һɾɱۡ
ܿޱճȳѪ쵶ӰֱϮüġ
һѪϸֱһƤʡ
һӰݡǰһĻ
ͬһβϸС֦佣Ӱסǰ֮ء
ǷµֽӰѸƣҹɱ˲ƮȷʮѲ
ټѴĽڣƿХɽӰľ
µķӦٶȣճҲ̾˵ȷżֿʱ
Ľ⣬⵽ĵؿתޱȣܻߣһĽ׻治Ķ֡
ǣ³Ȼǿһ졿֣СӵѪɫӰƵϡ᡿
Ļܲ˵ŽӰն޿ɵֵ
ۼ˶ܿܵĿ·һգӲԭأӲһ

һ졣
Ӱ̻ʢִҳһš
ƺһ嵹ɶ𣬺¡¡͵ײŸſڵʯͷʨϡ
ꡱһ죬ʯͷʨҳȭͷС飬һء
۵һ³һѪǿվȣ˫ðִɵݰСӣߵ壬Ǻ⣬ϽŸûеҡ
֮ʱδʧݣҲûνǶԷȴǳֵӵĹ֮֡
Ŀ˷һۣյʣ
ƴͷβûпһֻۣǶճһ߽
˫ԶʱͣЦ˵ֵֻһͻǲɲŵĵܵܣðǹȫû֮أ뿴ǺεӢۡռˣȻǲûһˡ
ƴʱѾȷԼҵ֮ܵǰλ˸Ĺˡ
ǰֻǲ²⣬վĵԼԼ񳱰ΣУ򣬶λոճļһ϶ŲΪ֪ĵơ
Ǳô²أҲۼһ氡
ֻ֪ʵǿᣬڵ۹һʢġĺꡢϲְλһʵԶͬ٭ȴ֪ʲô
ƫУҴм䡣ƵľꪺҪ
֧һֱ
СʱʼƾһֳǿֱУܸӦԵ
˿սʤǿУݿ࣬ȴ֪ÿһսսǰı󶯣˶Էʵ
ֶѣһ֣ԷʵѾˡ
ԣ̲ǷʽҲذۣǰԵ˼롣
Ȩңǣܻøܻ
ճվ粻⺣Ԩ
ΪʵߣȻǿᣬҲôһ£Լ̫Զ
ڼɣȻȴҲ֪Լľꪹ֮£ǣѹȣǿļҲûʲô֮ء
ΪʲôâڱĲȷУ
ÿɱģȴܻоĶҡ
ƶԼֱʮţԣ֮ǰһ־ڱɱ⣬ʱĵĵһЩʮء
ڵȴȻ󲨡
δҴͬ˻˱֡
һ̬Զ޽̴˾ľͷ֮ʱ
뵽幪ƣյճҲʮ־
ٴе̬
һƬȻ
ŸˣܼķҲܿóȫ첻ѡ
Ҵ˰Էǣִ򷢡ȴǾվһԵɵͬԾ֡
Ǽ˼

Ѿ˼ϽľǴ˵ȸ֣
¶룬̲סЦίߵķ£ﳩԡ
ͨȴǲˣֱ壬΢΢ǰŷ£ֱð𣺡򲻹Ҫȴܶ۰еٴҲβסɫ鵨ʵ
ԴһѣΣϽһζ˶ˣԱߵķͷסЦһ̣оϻġ



1056 ɱһ
ƺ͵ǿҽ䱸̬ճһ֪Ҽ˵ڶ·
ûʲô֤ݣĳЩ˵֮ʱ֤Ρ
ҲûʲôҪĵġ
ǿҲڻϽǰ컯֮½Χ
οӦûԶһֱעţֵò̫ݲĹˣȻ֡
ƺҲ֪һ㡣
ЦһȴûаЦ⣬òĻʽܵƣͬѧ׹
Ҫ֣ʶһˣһ㶼ȱò˵λҴڷϱܵҪǿϲ١
ճȻʧЦҲǻ֣ʲô޷һЩˣӣľꪷȴ۶
ƺ޷ôǰȥƽһ֡
Уһ˵˫Ҹ֣óȻ֣˭Ҳûаգһʧ־ͻԼɴʧ
ԣͻл֮һ֣ԶԷɫ
Է̫ԶȻǳʤ׷Ĵȥ
·˫һЦʲôû
ֱԷΪأֲ˺˭·磬Ե̫ѿҲ̸϶ӣһʱʢС
ҲںƽʱһֱԷ
浶ʵǹ֣ٻᷢ
ս֮ʱҽ֮Уûʲôɡ̵Լ伫ͻټţٲ
ճ̽ʱ˵ģﾹȻһ˿иУ΢΢㱡
ԼЩӡ
²Ѫò׵ȺͼһĻЦ̲סѿڶСӲˣһ֪ΪڴкأҵİԵǲ֪
Ϊ˸һɵֱϹƣûʶҲ֪Ѿ˰ɣУ㿴˫ȰҼָңѾҰǹˡ
Ů
һգлӨĳ²̨
ߵǣŮ˲˵ȻûԼǻ
֪Լոձһڵصı֣öʧȥ˾η
͵ۿɫ˶ɫصĿֱۣЩס˺Լԭˡ
ôԵ˭λ֣ս
ΪɵʵϻԼɵ
˼Ϊ˵

ճҲһ̤ƽºͣһҲû
ֱ΢΢⣬Ƶ֮ϡ
һһ໥Ӵ
ͻȻ׵졣
ɫһ
ϹͻȻʢ
ֱ۸ᣬֱʹָ࣬ǹÿһȦȦƣǰճֱӹȥ
գ֮䣬ͼճֱۼ粨˰㷺ֱ
ֱΪţҪ
д裬ȫɱС
ȻƣԵһµһȴЩ졣
һ˵ùȻܣһùңǾͻһЩˡ
Ҫ㣡ܼɫ䡣
ΪУȴܿƣȻռϷ磬ͻƷߣֱˡ
ķǽŵŴͣ㾪
¥ϷԺҲվƮƮ붼΢΢Ŀ
ͨԹۣȴøһЩͻȻںȵ԰꣬бʡ
δ䣬ͼֱϵϹⶸȻһˮ͸ֱϡ
ȥûɫƼСϸȥȴ֮Ѥ߲ʣɫ̫ޣ˲ܲ
ճͬʱҲƵԺ
ϸո¶΢Цɫ䣬ƺһֱ紥˻
ۡ
һ졣
ֻӰ˫˫ֿ
Ӱɫף΢΢ϣҡҡλεĺʯذϲȳӡʯɽҲȺ졣
ˣڻǵס˴
ףҲûõȥѪˡվȡ
˾֮˷
ճ˵ͬʱббһ㵹ãȻƺ־̫
Գˤڵأڻعվȡ
ɫ԰ţͷ亹ʮǱ
ҪıǶҲѪ֪˵
Ȼգһܾˡ
ƵĹʽҲܲµõ쵽ʲôֶΣôͿأ
лӨԻ
ýģʵֻǵһΪӣֻأ͸һ޻⾳ܶԷΣһǰƵвط
ΪƾȻûеסһ⣿
һƵǰѪҪʣĿͣ½Ųճŵĳ֪ꪲʱѾƵУǷŶԷˣҪΧ
ѪǴսѪйģһʤʮ
ߡ
һңңзһ˿ζâǰҫһ֦辺âͻȻڵǰ
򣡡
ȫһ˭֪ϽͨâȻ粻ܸߣֻǿͻףսȴǼΪǿ
ʱͻȻ֣̬չˡ
ɫһ䣬סǰ˵Σһ˵棬ˡ
һ£ԷӦҲֻ֣תЦſճͬѧľ񹥻ڡ
˹֣תȥŲ
ĿճһۣҲȥ
ʱɽȥʱȴϢ


1057 ɱ
ճԶȥıӰӡ
ɴӮ֮ôһʱ䣬ΪĸҲˡ
ɻ䣬ż֮
Ϊ֮£п֮
Ƶ֣ﶸȻ˾衣
Ǹ磬ؼڶУžҲԶҲСЩҴĵ̣ؾλѻǱ
ƵһӲƴ˻߶ʵ϶Ĵɱ⣬޵֮£óȫ
ƽɫճ֪ԼʵѾˡ
ʵ֮ϣҲԼ־޵е񻰡
վԭأѾҳһţһͱ÷顣
ڵ⣬ͬˮһˢһ̵ĵ֪ڼٻָ֮С
ŶԷԶû˵Ҳûǲ붯Ǹˡ
ȫ֮ʱ೤ԵճھĽϸСϪ˳һ㣬ֻһĻͱ÷飬ֱ롣
ȫƾԽŽɵĽӲţǰʱȼմ˶壬Ƶܻܿ޵ֿɢܡ
ȻҲճһԶԷʽԭҪŪԼʵ絽״ںεȲΣ
ͨĽԲ׵ĸ֣ҲûȥԵıҪ
ĺꡢϲְϴһ߲θ֣һЩĽ۷Ҳ·磬Żúܴ
ˮƽĽ׵ļޣҲҪ̽ĺö֡
ճ֪˽ȴЩʧ
־ӳУһе֣ܵúŲӡתû̫á
ƵİǰϵĶ˺ܴͬ
ڴ磬ʲôĶ֣֮ʱŲ壬ŵ͹ȡ
ֻҪתӡжǿ㣬תΪ˲ȫ
ЯзˣȻ
ƵĹ֮ʱֶԷĹȻޡ
ӡתٶȲǰһδȫһϵ
ճһ̰ӣܵסһεĺˮȴסԴԴϵ͸˻١

ܵһ㽡ȫӴתָֻ֮˻ճųһĨȥѪۣ˿
վĽľ̫̰ͣѾ˲òֲĵزˣҵܹԵסذǿ͹Ҳˡ
Ǽһ￿žꪷµټȴһֵƣȻźǿľȫ־֮£Ҳֻˣûбͻߣʵȫλǿѹܴ
Ƚϸ˼ʧճ˵ס
ֳֶ֪εɱȻϵĽ֡
ԼȻȲʤȯ
꾫ռţԴȻľȴݺӡ
¹˭֣ȻǸδ֪
ֻһ֣ӦԣҪߵ·ܳ
λǿ̲ݻԭҺԽԽãͬʱҲ޽ٽϧһдۿ
ﶸȻΣУճ΢΢Щ˷
Ӿƽ￴嵭ƽͣս֮ʱܻһּȼգѪȡ
ԽǿĶ֣ʵԽǽ١
Ҳûֵ߻ϵķڤڤУȴƬҶƬòҪ
һգܻܿвΣ
ָӦжϣҲڹ֮ġδȾһ
ǿжϸԵ
ճɣԼһֱδϲɵֵΣԴҲڴˡ
ˣ˵
һ˳ɹˣ˻˵˵ð
˶˵˵ƷԸƣΪε˵
ΪЩȷ޹أ޷͡
ͬʮ˲ţҲͬʮŬʮѵһ˻ȡĳɹЩɸƣ
ʱؽͬȥӢ۲ɡ
ɹûйɣճľж֮УӦþá
ƬҶӣ鲻˵˳˳ˮΣ֮ʱһ
ǴĪͷһԿӣû̫ΣոоӦ֮һ˫۾ţΣգʵȴоա
ӢָʹŰʿԹϧֵǰһ̣ɲɵľѪĸϵƳԷı㣬ɹ
һΣƴŵˣĺ޹˼ɣ˻ȫֲɱճûֿ̫ܲӵһδ֪
ƫƫô֣һԾȻλ׸һԿš
һϽ
˵ˡ
׸ֻҪţһ²ԴС֡
ϽһⷽؽȨߣĵ̡
ֻҪΥ۹ɣԼĺö֡
£ɱģҲֻš
ǵøͨŭ֣ǵ۹һˣӴɽҲóһ
ɱܿܲᣬõĽҲǱӳϽʱʲôı㶼û壬Ҷ˵ʲô

ճһϸϸŵʧ˼ԼҪķ档
˵ȴȫôһ¡
һֱԼɾĻʵ۱£Ųɣƿ̾ųǰˡ
ȴû뵽ڱǹɺˡ
ʮ֮䣬ܸ۹Ĵ֮ƴƽɫ
սǴ˳ǻᾪ˵Ĵ
˿ճĿⶼŹ
һֱճصķ£ĿҲһЩ˸
ǸоԼĵ̲ȡ
ͻȻһֻϻ㣬ʮֲ
£㲻ȥڼȻ˵£ôĵӣ
һȵ
̧ͷϡͼ¥򿪴һӰվԶԶţһ
Ͻͨɡ
ɫһ䣬ЩĵͷӦǣҪĻȥ
ûüҳдʣ˳Ͻ£ݹҲ顣
ŭ֮󣬸ͨתΪºͣЦùķӢܣǲּܾ룬죬ӽϽһԱˣģҡĪʲôıƣҪȫøұȥ
ס
˶Ȼ
ճãΪϽٷ֣һ㵹ǲϡ
ΪֻҪ۾ˣճӲƴѷɫͲԸ˵ţҲСĻţñ˰㡣
ֵǣ֮ͨ⣬Ȼ÷ְԺ
ʲôвҪϽ£Ҫȥڼ
ʲôҪð
ѵһһôĳ󣬱˴Ѫȫûл֮Ȼϣλ̽նӵĶӳ֮ϣ


1058 ˭棨һ
Ҳ˸ͨŵ˼ȻѵùѪͷɫһ¾ͱúÿˡ
ЦĿճһۣ˵ȥ
һЩ󲿷˸߽ã䳡ȥ
һĿյأϻ¹ųһЩӣŵǹìꪡ
ֳԱһ¾ͱϡ٣ֻһӢŮԭأ˵ͬѧСˣҴȥȡ֤ܾҪһ𣿡
ܼЦлҾͲȥˣæɡ
תͷֶճʹ˸ɫȻؼҡ
ճᣬ֪лҪԼ˵͵˵ͷлӨá
ܼ򵥣ֻڴýӴԱǼһ¼ƽмͥϵ˸ףɨͷ֮ˡ
һᣬճȡһСӣ֪֤
ô죿ճЩпİЧʡ
лӨˬЦ˸ԷǸҲİֻҲһͰĵͷ߸ˣԺӿǲ̫ùû𣿡
лôͲˣЩע򲻵һȥģνȥίߡ
ǺǡлӨ¶ŽݣЦû֦Ҳǰսķ͸ۡ
Ůĸ޳ƫֻޱȣЦһ˵ˬʣͷ㣬ʵһŮ
ѹַ±ôӵĶײֻš
ճҲɵø̾磬ɫŮŮʵ̫߲ܼ࣬һ
ˮƽ;ߣȾǲһ
ЦһлӨͱЩӣһֱ˲̫Ըˣ˵һʱûתҾҪ˳Ͻˣȥ۶Ѱһᡣ
ô᣿
ҲˣǼһʲô⣬֪̽նӶӳһְûҵ֮ءˣҵ£ͬķϣҪһ䣬ʲô˲õı£չֳȵ鶨֣ˡ
ָǣ
̽նӵĶӳһְҪ㲻֪λǿ̽նԱٵģλ֮󣬴Ҫһ𣬹ͼչܵ˴ǣ߻ָжǷӳж£
лӨЩΣȻ־档
λ棬տʼûɳ϶ǼСҪݰչвأͻв֮
˭ԼİѱһԼгԹУǶĲΡ
շµı֣˿Ŀ϶ǲô˵ģϾϽǽҲˣʵΪ뵶崦ͬһˮƽԷһκε
ֻ𣿡
ȻǣǹǿĶҪҪһӡ
лӨС˵ϽٷԴӸִڵ۹еλУһֱƣ޻ѧԺ͸ѹƣһθ輫Ĵɵɢ˸֣ҲǱƲѡ

ճȻ׸ͨ˵ʲôˡ
ԷݣҲΪĽá
£ǼԺˡ
ԼĽˮƽͨûֻƾڰվ¶һ۰צȻôŷ
ô֪ڰվѧأճһֱЩ⡣

лӨƺϲЦ
ԸǱǼˣҲڸǼһﴦԡ
Ц֮лӨŽ͵ǰ±֮󣬸ȥ껹ǵӺ
ӣӺйϵճһ
ԣǰվ羫ӢѧԱӺƵֳҲǳڻ켣ɢλеĸ֣¹ϵãһõġ
ճ׹ɸ̾Ͻʵ̫С
ЩлӨ˵Ҳ֪²ꡣ
ڼ֮УµʹһЩֶԼôҲŵġ
ãճҲ㡣
λ̽նӵĶӳְλȻҪǾͲøˣø¡
뵱ʲòС
ǵȥ
֮ϣȡôƴѹ£Ͻ޹⡣
úˣŸͨҲȨףӶı˼
ϾշãҪϽģҪ˵ġ
һ㣬ճǺƶ
лӨճֻǽݻ뿪ãδӱܵʱ򣬻ת
һԼԼ
Ҳ֪λˬŮûУҲ˵ֱ̫ס
Щ˵̫һֲ׵ĸо˵

ãͼܼȻվһߵš
ϳ
ճЦЦҲƴǣлӨӻ֣˳
ǲǸĪʲôԹ
ӿ˲Զܼɫصʵ
ҲɲأõϢλƺЩ࣬ҡĪңֶһõķ¡
˵Ϊ޻ѧԺƵѧҲǱơ
ʲôϢ𣿡ճЩˡ
ĪҵìܣһֱǱˮ£˫˭Ҳû˺Ƥʱ䶼ֻڰı
˵޻ѧԺĸ߲֪ǻΪ棬ܼһٷֵĸ߼죬ֻһв㾯ԱûвڻܵȨޣôҲ֪
ܼصЦЦˣûм㣬ҵİѾ᰸ΪҶ֣ٷٲ飬Ѿûϵ
ˣһֱûзԸ£ǴϷһЩߡ
ȻȻʵУ˶࣬Ϊþϴɾƨɣ˴ӦЩȥֵǲӦ
ܼ⡣
˵𾭹ճףԭǾ˰ӷµжʱżȻĪҵİӣҲ֪˶ԷҪֹԼٷ
Īҡ겻ɢһᶼŹҲżˡ
Īϼġ˼ơûгɹȻִ̼ĪĵǸҡ
Ҳֻ֣ҪϽãĪͷЩˣܹʹֶλࡣ
ͨΪϽ𣬻ͦģٿԹĽ֡
Ҫʲô
ճ˲²⡣
ܼͺڳҧԵĻҪµһ
ճһ㶣»Ȼ
˶˽ģ
ܼ͵ֵڶԷУ˵뱨ǿ϶ǼٵģķϴˣΪٷԱûɶôȥҶԷ鷳
֣֣ܵ˫ʵ̫Զˣ޼ƿʩ
ճϣҲȻ
ʱӦ㣬Ȼɡ
ճҡͷ
Ըµ飬ֻ˳ˮۣΪ˱˵ȥȡ
ɱõͬţɲС
ȻҲûа취һλУʲô鶼пܷ
ճûһھܾܼ˿¶Ц⡣
ճı£һֵΡ
аͽһսֱûףճôǰģ
ָ㣬
δ֪أ˾η

ճصУӦ˺ߴߴС̶Լķ䡣
·һֱţʱŵ˿ڵơ
ڹۣܷڲĴϸ΢Ѻۣ֩һܲϡ
֮ɢĻ޹⣬Ҳʮ֮


1059 ˭棨
ðԵĹ
ƣճɵһֻҪһ뵽ҲԼһЩվȫԿ
ǸԹ֮ӣʱͷʹѣԼ˰ɡ
־ɽǵסˣҲôܵġ
ǰҪκԼơ
ʱ䣬Ѿˡ˭桱ϽѡʱˣҪȵˣ»ѡΡ
ԣҲ˲ʹˣ˻ǵˡ
Ҵȡһ֧ѩΣ˼øҩ˫һϣɷۡ
һ̡ҡ׵Һ͸ϲӳৣӦ
΢еҩɽ״Ʒһ㱻ѹΡ
תһɢȥҹΪԲȡƲӲӵĵ裬һ㡣
ûɽشַƵԪˡ
˹ֲѩΣΪ̫࣬ճ֮ʣµóɷʵֻ̫࣬ԭҩ
Ҳ㹻ˣ˴βԪǲӪ
õģȴǴѪʹˡ
һŵ裬ճ΢΢׽һ£ȥ
±࣬ζϤζþûǻɽƺˣصǰɽǲҲǰǾǰǻǸոϵûɽûȥҲϵ㫑纡
ˣȻûȥ磬ϵƬҶǴ
ðɣһܸ⣬ճоԼ˽ȥ
漰ʱתȥδڶõȻôһ£ûﵽǸ磬ȴǴԴҲ벻׵ġ
ˣͲӹš
ճֻҪȹʱ⣬ͻﵽԽһ̵ʱڵ㣬ʱȻϵһУҲܽԴԴϵˡ
֮ȻˡȽλУٶԼΪ
һжһһն
ճĶףҩɢҰ׵ĶһЩѪɫ
ȼˣ
һƬҶȻȥһ˿ճĸӦĪϸ΢ɳ
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ͷһĹۿԼڵı仯ճֻоͷޱ𺳡
ⶫõʱ򣬾컯ȻɣȫΥ̬غ㡣
ⲢԼ
òֵöãճ̾˿
ϧǮǮѣнɽôֻҲֻɽա
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ճоã̹顣
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ףСѾͷʲô
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ճ𾪡
磬˴˺òã
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ϧ磬ʮҸԼҲǲû˵Ц
ǵĳһ죬ΪȡЦΪûĺӡûнŭ񣬾͸˺ݺݴһܡ
ţȻǴˣ˲ڵϴ
ԺԴ䣬ʮֻ쵰Ϊ²ֶΡ
Ҫǣ˴һٲ֮󣬾ǲҰ˭ҲĽԺӾ˷ţãճһģһ
òʱҵԼϲĸ磬ͻȻּͬ龰飬־֮£ŵÿ
ϣٴʧָоѹСѾͷʧҲͿ⡣
ңճ֪ԼûжḽΪӵ˷ָüͥߣͬѧܣ÷Ŀ
󲻵ԼԼãİѼĪһڣ̵ʣ
Ȼǲͬ
ſ޵ñ鶼˳ճüͷһùֽ˹ȥԴİɣڸǰѾͬûǼңҲҪǿԼˡ
ɴĴ۾ȷϣʱǸ׿ɰĸ粢ûбȥΪЦ
Ĩѱ飬СѾͷһҲͷճĻ˼ŤŤȥƺøոտ޵ϡﻩʮֶˡ
ճֽݣָһҩģ˵ȸͨϰĽȻҪѧϰƵԺѧԼ֣ǿҪ֪𣿡
ţ
ﲻ֪ôָоֻԼһ̺øߴӣʮְġ
ѵõĹӦһճķԸϥ


1060 ˭棨
ʱϧڻæûлؼңɩժһЩ֦Ҳǰȥͻû˴ţճóʱ䣬úõĸСѾͷ׽ϴ裬춨
Ľǽʣʺõ˽һǧʲˣֻҪǿͻƾ似
󺮴¹֮ʱ˵Ļ
ʱܹȴôҲţΪѹ˺üꡣ
ճ֪Ѿͷһֱ޵Ұÿȵҹ˾ʱܻһǿʹһй
ȥˣջûУСﵹĥԼ־ԸҲ˺ܴͬԼİţҲӡ
ܵ˵ǳü죬Լ⡣
һ
ûճ֣ٹ꣬վⲿδôľķӶ޾ľ
ϰºˮ񵭴ݵľϽʹɽȪƣʤգȻɣչ˼ɱ֮
õͬʱҲӴʧȥ˺ܶࡣ
Ҫ֪󺮵ƾһķֱףʶ
ĵķһԶǰ;
ѧˮۣˣճ֪һ㣬ȻСЩŬˮ
ຮһͻƣ޲ɵķ־Ӷ֪ڤڤԺӴ˴ͬ

Īң
ĪͷЩƣĪĻ㱨ü亱еĶһ˿ͷ
һվԱߵĪĪϼҲû˵ʲôֻǽ޻ѧԺЩʧ㲻ʲôǼһȻˣʱǵ˾һ㣬ôµģ
ĪԶ
ĪĲ֪ôش
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æ˳
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ڶһ磬ճҲûȥֻһЩԪ裬ﵱȻȫԹۡ
ý̵ĶˣԺܴﵽһΣҲֻСѾͷԼŬ
ĵһѾͨһСѭ
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ȵ뿪֮ճ˵ҩ裬СʱվӪա

һԣѾյȷָվǼǣȡϢ
ĶϢճڣ֪˭桱ʽʼ
ٿϢǰվ緽淢
һۣѯʴߴͳһ뾲罣硣
ճӦҪ԰վԽŽеӵв
ѾˣճڴӦӡ
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ʣǣ
ΨһĶģɲ⡣
ΪһЩߣԼϲţڿͻȻϣڱпС
İӪ룬ԱṱףͥϡֱӸᣬܱ䣬ѡػ߹
ճ룬ˡ˫ΪԼš



1061 ˭棨ģ
ʣҪʵ𣿡

ճոʹһЩֵˣ֮У۹ĴûᣬҹС
ʲôģֵ֪ʵйϵ
Ц֮ʱµһ֮󣬾ŴʣԽ㴫ķջԽࡣ
Ȼַʽڴ֮һͳȣҪ࣬Ҳûʲôİ취
ܹڱУഫŪһЩˣܱûҪЩСҲⲻǡ
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ʱǴӮˣΪֲõֵҲ࣬ȲϾһ
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Ĳעɹϵͳɨ֮УҪ޸𣿡
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һȥѡǹۿճıΣͼ˿˵һʮһѪ
ʵ֮УԼѪ嶥εڵء
ˣȻоؿڷƣ޲һЩ
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ճǰһҹȥȵȡûֿǰ֡һʮҲ̫ޡ
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Ҳǵ۹ٰûɵϵԭ
ңѵɵûǿ֪˽ȥͬһε𣿱˵ȵڣһӦùȥ

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ǰһڣֶʱһ
ܺɱ֮һƬŻ棬Ϸ
ҽݵײڶ
ŵŨѪζżŷζ֮еĸֹŹֳζ
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ǰľȻǹŴǳսһͳѪս
Ϥζڴ磬ҰսˣҪǽпնжûоѪȲпս
ճָմմϵѪ
һζǷΧѹֵ۹ųʵսСĪأȻЩŵҲٰ֪һıҪǮ


1062 ˭棨壩
СǰּӰ
ýģõģгǹִģƤףճơ
ֻճǰɫģʮǺڼס
ʮһ֣ԿһܾɫЦ
һλִЦһΪʲô˲Ĵ֣ԭǸСһӦǽʶĴҲҪְϷܺˣҿԴ
ȲֳֳŵŵšŵѪˮһնƷ磬ճ

ճʮ˳βĿƽ
ûйעĺӣԷ˵ʲôҲûϣֻ΢΢̧ͷ죬Ʒǰĸд
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ǰһڣ˳صׯ԰


1063 ˭棨
ֱǰɫ黯ʧǸһ׼׵ҲųһеĻϲҪըһ㡣
һʮݿֻ࣬ôݿγݰһС
Ӫ˳壬Ը飺ȫ֮ǰҪıȽʾϽ˶֪ѧԱĽ˫
߸Ǹĸ߸Ůӣ̷ӦӦǣ糤ģһᾡá
Ҵҵ뿪£Ȼõող˵¼ͬʱúŪʲô飬ȡʲô˲ĳɼΪ¼糤˸ˡ
ӭżλ߸ķЩ϶ϲɫȷ˼֣¼ӿ˲
ԣվ罣һȡ˺ܺõĳɼܻܿӭһֵĴչ
ȻЩԱҲأٻ෢һЩ𣬴ߡ

ƺԪãڵһ־ǿ֣ϧܣóǵʵһЩʮս֮Уʤ峡˴ˡ
ӺֽʮغϣԽŽתսʤ֣ǰĶϽؽ·ϰ֮࣬ʤҲ߰˸ƣҪϽǰʮȫսʸϣǺܴ󡣡
һϰ˵
ȻֻǸտʼãȦʶ֮ʿʱѾԿЩӱ
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ڽϰװģ̾ϢһȻȫϲЦտĿ
糤ʱټǰ϶Ϊ˼ԭо羫ӢѧԱı֣ǵ²⣬Ҳ̫Ҫ
֪ƣʵҲҪˣֻҪһˣֻҪһսԡ
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ճɱʮ˵ı֣ٶĻɼʱҲò˵һ֡
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ƹɣȫǶ֪ĻаѾ졭һֹȥȫλԺս½ķһš
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ﰵŮãһƥǧʵ

ӪգֻûЩ࣬ǳڵ̻𣬽»Ѫ͸һ׳Ҽĺ顣
һŰ׼׵꣬üĿϡǾʱģϸȴԽԽ
ʲôʱϰѵ˵鶼ģĪһֱڰֽţӢĽ׸֣Ҳᱻһɱ
Σ֮вòƴ棬Ȼʲô˼ȥ绨ѩ£ǣСЩ찡Կ
Щãҹʵһ⡣
ҪѰԼ·һҵŮ㹻ʸȥսҪΪѣ˸ҡ
뵽׵ĻٻһһȷʵΪˣϲԼġ
Ҳ㳬ҵģơŮһ˿ǿ



1064 ˭棨ߣ
Ͻãһµ֮ڣ³Ӫգϲɫˣϲˮ
ŮСĵ˽ŵ֮Ƶý۵ƬŨĲˮƷϣһʳָ󿪡
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Цս֣ȫʤСôҵķͷȥˣʤøδ꣬˭ܿ϶ͻЦ󣿡
¹ЦһҧһԵ֭ˮ죬ĵ
ȳɼ֣ȫҪġ
ӺɫŮȷ϶ԷҲ龰Сϴ󣬲˵Ц첻֪ģֱһʮĵսԺɨ֮ɱʮˣʤϽˣƴ˴Ͻһʳ¯ĪƼΪƴ󡣡
ʲô
ɫͻ䣬Ҳ˲óȾƣ硱һضϣܵԱߡ
㿪һϢ˳޵ּԾ
žޣһʮվӢѧԱɨϽ
ôĿ
¿ѱöϽͷȥһ̼ۡ
ѡֹáòɿ
˿ʱ䣬ƹϢǰСʱǰģȴѾﵽעۣڷ֮С
۱˿ΣһԿ϶ǣ졾˫Ѿˡ
һսһս
һ
ܣ
ٹ˲Իˣ㿪ճһʮսͼһԲľ꣬ͷһЩ
¾ȵķ֣ͼܿԼ̫ӵļһһֽ׺ȫ˿ֻۣǿž⡣
ԽܵǣȽԼȻûаʤù
Ӱܵס𣿡
һСģ¾˵
ӺҡҡͷƺҲá
һ٣һ𣬵һЩʤϣҲ˻š
ԷΪ׵СԴɢˡϽ֮󣬿νͬһ˼ơ
ԭڱ𴦣ڷµʵ档
ʧȥͨӣѹϽڣǵĽҲ֪ܻܿȥ»صɢֳϦȥ
ɫȥͻȻ˵˻ûѰңӦǻһϣ²ԴУж׼Ȳˡ
óͨѶͨһ룬ϼһЦݣһЩǺЦ֣һЩûˣ˵ȵ¥Ƶǲ֪ûпգֵܼһȥ
Ӻɫһϲϸ
Ͻɢ֮֯һ͵ʤϲһ֯׷ǹͻֵܣǰҲǸһġ
Թٷ͹˵ЩܵõԴһЩҪʲôҪƴҺôʵܲţջҲ١
֪ʤϲͻЩȫĽ۷ĸ֣Լʮңһʢʱڡ
ĿҪѰҵԵʶףƽﲻôǿʤл˾ȫա
۹ֿԲλĴ£ҲǲܷģһȫС
ٺ٣ϵܣҾ͹һȲסˡԴ˸֦֮ûϴﰡǱֻͣʣҸţֵ˷ͷȥܺá
һֺЦЩĴ˹
΢΢ȣ䳰ȷҲֻţƽʱԶţʱҪ˼ңȴˣŴ磬ߴߣˮʹϴε飬ֵܶԲˣԺлԵΣֵһѣԺк񱨡
̬ȷŵúܵͣʱɲܳǿ
Ĭһᣬƺ뵽ڹٷˮҲЩ˵ãͳ仰ϲٰһΣٵȵȣٿһ֣컹ܱݳƣҾϵֵܺ͸֣һͬѻ
⻰УԿʤϲȻǷ¿Աġ
粻˳٣Сƣ߾Ͳ̫ðˡ½
ҲһǵѴһ㣬Ͻؽôһϴѹһ󱲣𣿷ֻҪһ֣ʮܣֱ̭ûʲôô˵ˡ
ЩãžʹʤϲҶͨѶ
ְݡ
ٵȵҲãҪ黹Լսʧܣñȫʤս֮ʱſȡȻ

ճսͻصԼĸ˾Ҳû̫˼ȥۿ˱аһĽɫּЩ⡣
Ӫգһ裬ڵǰ򿪴Ʈĵ㣬ͷŸոһս龰
һʮ֮УƺӮúɣԼʵ֪ԸѡֵϳԼռʵ̫Щʱֻ壬֮ʱֻôһ㡣
ʮ˵гһԼͬεĸ֣ܲסУͻͬ
γ֪ĺ϶Ϊʸ֮У漸һܺùΪҪѹ
ǣڵõĺô˵Щֵõġ
ԺоƬУƬҶƬ˸Źԣһϸ΢ɫǵ㣬ҶƬֵۣһСС˷ʶ
ƬҶĵ̹ʱѾĲ㣬ƬҶ𽥳ѿ



1065 ˭棨ˣ
⻹ֻǸոտʼϢ˷ԽԽ˽飬ټֲܱܵս˻һֱǡ
ճۣͻȻ㡣
ǰ򿪵ķʽԣڲ졣
̶̰Сʱ˾˶ʮֵǰǰ˵Ĳ˻ЩӮࡣ
ǰ㷨һƬҶƬԼĪھȻһˡ
һֱôӮȥҪһƬҶӣҲǺѵ顣
˼䣬ճһ۵Ů˵Ż
֪ͬѧСˣڰýϺõͬѧŹͬá
ΪʱѾͷʼϰԸЩ仯һȥ轣ݣѡ
ʱ˼Ҵһ棬ճҲΡ
ΪС˾ܹˡ
죬Ҳ˵粻УĻֱרǸӴûĻôȳ˵µĿ콣ͻĻǹʤϲеı꽣öԸ֮ơ
Сھ
ҲҲרں˵˵װأ˵Ҹ綼ûдﵽʲôߡȫǿԽƽвеֶΣƲУʲôƨСˣ˵һ䣬绻˵ʲôºͰͻˣܲһʮ
󣬾Ҫ˶ڵſأհ׺׵Ҳһ˵ޣ˼˵еúúãյרǷųƨ۲ģ統Ȼˣ˶򲻹вУơһҪһᣬ㾹ȻһϺõȪ㷢ˡ
Сѱúܿ죬ŲУСֿʼǰִ·𲻴ڡ
ʲôרңʲôӣȻֲ֮飬Ҳֲϲ֡
û뵽СѾͷҵô㡣
ճûһЦһ˿ů⣬ûѾͷ֪ͬѧǰԼҸˡ
ҲһЩ档
ʲôרңʲôҵҪЩ˵ôƷģƺЩ
Сִ˺棬ճ㿪ԣ뵽ƵϽ̳ȾͿһöӡ
һ£Ц
ǰվƹӣ˫֮Ҳ˵ˡ
žޣһʮվӢѧԱɨϽ
վ绹ͦ۹ģճֺǺǵĿһᣬ泩
Ȼڴճʵʵڴվ磬ǻݻ顣
Ҿ˵ˣֵôһ¾ǵô죿ԭﰡ
ٿȫ񵥣ճüһͼԼѾ˵λ
ӴˣʲôС
Լ֮⣬ȻλҲѡһʮĵģʽ
ңȡʤķʱҪ̡
ڵڶλǽ·š񵶡ʮͣͷһͭԴģճ㿪ӿӰ
õһͷ󵶡
ʮΧ֮ʱûʹֻǺննбá
򵥵棬˭ǰˣȫһϡ
ƺĵһ赲
¼п̫ճֻܲ²⵽Ŷص˵ַ֮ʱԼǿиԴﵽﲻնĵز
ճעǣ˵ĳַͬܿ죬ת仮һԲһԲĸо
ϳԲҲԲʮնܵһأ߳һԲȦ
õ
ճ˼֣ԼǲСˣ
ʢܻŸָۣĴԻ˱
ٿڵһġ
ճһ㿪¼񣬾һ
˵ǰһ·ĵܿߣöԷÿ⣬λһĵ۶ѡ֣Щˡ
Ҧϲ֣ʮ꣬Ҧӡ
Ϻܼ򵥣ճȴǼΪ졣
ǰǰ˵ǡĺ꣬ϲְĴеλ
ʱ𣬳̹ҫ˵˳ڲСңݵλôߣⲻҲμӱεġ˭桱ˡ
ÿεĵ۹һ۵ƽ̨
ơĺꡢȻһҲϣҦϲ֣ȴźܴ
ڵճ
ܶһ̱۹Ϊʿٲ񣬻һˮϺõķضεԷַĶأԼׯ԰
ԲμӵؼԱѡ٣ڵ۹ҲŷȨ
ỹ齨ӣ˽ӵװЩʵԵĺôˡ
ճ̾ģҦϲֵĶ̽ξˣֲֻһ֣Ҳñ˾ԽܣĲ
ȻԴ˶˿õţֲйˣҲ޿ɺǡ
ճ¼Ҧϲ֣һһƣʹʮ˵ļлж̽ͱͱ˾͵һء
ƺûйһ㣬ֵĲ£ʱŤ黨ʱԼ˹ȥǸַ˼
ͬŹ֣֡˵ҵ͸ûʴȡʤĹǹĪ⣬ȡʤ
ǣ£ҵֻóһĹȴԺ޹˼ɵʹãƭ˵۾ͺܲˡ
ճǰǰʮ飬ûпҦϲֵĲô£ֻŻħƭӾİأ벻׵ǣαֶĴڣֻǵͨôóЧأ
һᣬճЩѹûǰν̬ȡ
ԳһЩתͷС˵רҵ
Ⲣҡ
հ׺ǵ۹ӡ֤ۼңר˾̳ųơմ족ͦһˡ


1066 ˭棨ţ
֮һҵͬʱҲһרҡ
հ׺׾һλųơ
ڸ֮Ҳ֤ˣһв׼ȷģԸҸɵ似ָƵͬʱóѡ־ʵ
֪ǲرճ˳ۣհ׺ԡ˫ţϸķһ£ӵ㶼С
Ľ۾ǣ˫˽ȷʵܿ죬̫ȡ֮һȡĺ󱲣־ͻɳꪣӴ伣
Ŀܼ򵥡
ΪճĽֻǼУҪ˳вԸһٶʹƽзȻɱС
ִֻڵͲζԵãֱĽ죬߼ͬʱΧǿҲƳܿͻܵʮҡ
հ׺׻һ㣬վ˵ﵽĲԽŽߡ˵ʵǴġ
˵ճĽδտռûеõƽȦ⣬Ľϵȫûйͨһ̸ϲߡ
¾ŽУңȷЩҾˡ
һʲôʲôԹһͨ磬ҪʧҶֵ
ճЩջ
ò϶Է˵ûȷûʲôʲӵĻƽȦսǸǰѧȫۣҪһӾ;ͨҲûô졣
ԽŽġߡԪͨ׽Ĳ֮أھֻѧһ֣ȫ֪ô
ܽϰٶ飬ճֵȥѧ
оƬѧϰٶȼ죬ҲÿѧᣬУ޹ʶ
Ͽ콣֣ҲǲܶԸ𣿡
ճǼһӰ
ʱӵһͻϮ֮ʱʹһаɭɭĽǰһƬĻʮָ
֮ʱҪֱ۵ӰӣӰӰ´µĽˣȷЩˮƽ
ͨΪ򼶱似УûмʶȻΪ˲ţ˵ϽõƣȻһ
ճһ£´ͬ£ƾƽʽټϱȶԷǿһͷʹַǣ֣ȡʤҲѡ
ͬһεĶһΧ˵İͻʤϲеˣЩһ
𣿡
Ͳħ˿ӡȸؼҲò˶ͬһΣһû̫ơ
Ľ۷Ķʵսֻ֣һˣ¾Ž֮Ѿദڷ佣۷壬ҿɱԶҲʲô£ΧֻܼӦԣأ
ճһβȷ
ĸøһЩͲһһڶô򵥣ܻܿѧӦв
Ļзµ˵ս¼Ȼհ׺״ӵƷ
ԽŽĲ㡾ߡҵҪʲôã
ûнûϰʾҪˡ
ճͷˣһֵ԰һ似кݡ
ֻһֱΪԼѧϰ´࣬Ҫ˷˽㣬ֵá
ʱֵ壬ǿȥˣʽɼġ
Ǳϵģⷽ˽ȫλܵõߣԼ۱߲ˡ
ܾ絥һ棬Եòô㡣
ңһϼ۾ѧ˵ĿұˣõŻ
Ʋһһֱʤȥܻøˡ
뵽ճûʲô᲻õ뷨ˡ
ûͶʾûջ
óĶ磬ոջһЩˣǾϡ
ճȡ·ʽֽվпյأȺ
ݣսȻҪ꣬ľ
ڳһڷʽݣһ˿ɱ
һһʽԽŽʮʽȴӵһʼ
ԽŽ̥ɽаԳ֦֡ŪͼҪɱ˼ܣУȡɱҪ
ԽԽͬʱҲʧȥԭҰȤ⡣
ճȻҪԴȻøıһýַ
ǹɱУ˻˼
֮ʱѪĵ⼤
ϰ֮ʱĶǣʱ
Ԧﵽ˽һٵΪ
ճʮʽ꣬Ӱ涣㸡Ӱҡ䣬һ˿Ϣ
ԺССѾͷЦһֲ֪ȥȥˣȫȻ֪Žɱġ
ӳս轣ڶʱճиֽѽĴһ˿ԣȻȻԾ뾫ͨ硣
һ̣ȫȻʽ
硢ѧĺֽ̺У־ȫˮˢֻʣ³ѧ֮ʱĺĨҵ
ʽȴ⛙ǵǽΨΨѡ
ճԼصĽⶼԺ֮⣬һһƶԽŽݱ䡣
鿪ʼ˱仯Ȼŷ֮
ʱϸʱ籩裬ʱ紵ҶŽ
ؿĶ䣬Ȥ
ҲԲͣɱϢøˣʱĽѾһ
һճյԽŽȫˡ
ԽŽɣطԲ仯ˣһ򽣡
ʱνѾΪп޵Ķ
ϸ˵Ͻվܽϰ٣Ҳֻǵ硣
ݱ䣬ճͲ֪ˡ
ҲûмĲսʣǵ˽β
ƻӡɽƽҰȻȻģȻʱǨ
ԽԽ翵ͬʱճ͸оԼݲȥˣ֪ǰ·η
Լķ
ͻȻһƸ߰ɽʯ£ҪƻյͬʱƬոճѿ̹һȼ
ݡ
һԺ糱ӿ
ǺȻµĽ涸ȻһһĻߣճָ΢΢һ׵ĽͻȻɻ׾Ӱͻƽƽ
һȻֱù׾ţʵȴȻûǰطԲ֮
ûȡ׾ͳһһ
Բ˵һС
ճгԾַصԽŽʽͷʼʮʽ
ʽֱϢ
ŵƬҶĽʧƬҶֿʼĵͬʱճﶸȻһͻȻЦֻԡ
ûʲô˲õͻƾΪҲûеõʲôճȴ֪ԼʵʵͻһΡ
һΣľȫһ
辫Ҳӳ֣֪Լǰ֮ÿһֿռ˿ÿһϸ΢Բ
һ΢磬Ҳ֪еĹ켣
ԽΪģԽΪۡ
ƽ˵ĽΪ档



1067 ˭棨ʮ
ѹֵ۹رƳ似ʽʵ̫ʵˣֽգûûǿҲûǿֻ꣬ҪڣһЩ˼顣
Ϊʮ˵а˵УֻɵУֻҪݽߣûӦ˵ľ档
˼ͻȻȥһ磬ΪһͨˣҲӵкǲս
ڱ棬ʵż档
괩Խλ棬ʲôãǸտʼʱʵ̫Σա
һ¶ţһ񣬻ȵͻ
ʣмܵסһκܳʱݷڣȵ򿪾棬˶ѾˣҲܾ˿ѣǾͲ֮ã֮ˡ
ǵ۹ڡ
˵ȼݣճһ˾ϲ
ʵս飬ֽʽȫнģԼĵĲΡߡ۷塣
ˣǷ۷壬һǽ
оͻƣҲǴӼ¹򣬶Ǵϣȡͻơ
佣Ϊ򣬽壬ɱ˷Χӽ
׵ĵ·ˡ
ûѡݶ¾ŽȻȷģһ似ûзչǱʵֻҪϰ˵߳ɾ֪ˡ
ճ֮ǰҲǲԼõļŽֱѡԽŽǶ¾ŽȻһЩ
¾Žľճ˳˳ˮۼŽվ۷壬Ҳֻѡ
䱾ʣŽʵǴڽеķ롣
У֮ǣһȫƳз
ϰŽˣ۽磬Ҳֻ
䴴ʼ˶ܣ꣬Ҳֻ˵ľʯԿΪûдﵽƵյĵز
˵ˣܺͷûͻĽף߳ɾʵϻ죬ġ
޵£Ҳֻǵе޵С
嵱ʱûܴϹʮֵ۾Щʲôˣ
һЩǽȼһշĵˡ
ʵƷ㣬Щ֣ʵϾǶûп쾳ĵ֡
˷ĸ֣ڴ˷˵֣ճѿ
ôö¾ŽȥԸпֵܳĽ۷Χ
ȫ˼Ρ
֮УճѶ¾Ž£Ƴ³£ʮܻ߷׸ֵΧҲһֵ˺ȥ
οǿһΡ
һ似伫޵ġ
Ȼʤ֮£ô򵥵һԱȣֻ˵˶֮ͬʱճѡӦĸǺбҪġ
һ㣬հ׺˵ˡ
Ϊճֻǻȡ裬ӦͬȼֵΧܿͻܵң۵ǽճûԽŽĲΡߡǰ¡
֮˵ճŽƶʵǴġ
Կհ׺һΪȤĴӣҲòϣ˻ƽȦһ˲飬κѾƣҲܳκ漣
ճᵽ漣ںη
¾ŽУ޲֮лҪٷȣĲġߡֱס
ѾԵһ˿ռ䷨ߣġ
ԶҲ򲻵ңȴʱؿԹˡ
ֱֽҦϲ׹һĹ죬ų

ļ죬ճʹڼҲ
洫÷׷ʤʣƺ޹ء
ֻרһԪԼҩģһľȥﵽĽ֮󣬾ִǿͣɸҩĻܲס޶ȡ
ȻҲûк֢
徭Ҳʱʱľͻ΢˵ʱճҲģֱӻһֵ޲ȫǲƹ̬
״һӯͷ˿Сɫľͱ˿ӰСʱʱĻƬҺ
ճٴγ֮ʱܸоɽӳ棬һּϢֻԶԶţ˺ë
ʱƵذڽٲһֵܵסϽǰΪܹ΢ƵĴ۰ˣŪþٵξ档
ϴӢľٶճľѹ
ƽҲֻڱ棬Ȼǿʳ
Ӱ˼ΣȻϽٷ˲翿ǰԼʵ
Աܰģ˭֪ƻ᲻ᷢ
ʵϣƱճĸҪģͨҲи
Դλȫװľ֮ճ֣Щ쾹Ȼƽ˾ûκǰԼ
֪ڹԤıʲô

ճ֪ǣЩıչأȫȥİᣬҲԻӦΪЩʱעνרҾӢǴʧһҲãȻʧ룬޷֡
ĪϼУ԰УҲȥվ磬ȥˡĻУȫûճӰ
ĪҰӿƸǶ
Ϣȥ˵ԼѾȡһЩչĪͷѾǰ£ϵˡ
ʱúܿ졣
ܶʮţ糿С硣
ϽȻûʲôֻǹϧĵ׼˷ʢͣŵҲţ¸Լұһѹ
ֻͷȥʱ·ϣϵЦһֱδı䡣
ϧһʵɾĸףԼѰҪɩȥ̸ѯ飬ȥճûаգжٵˣҺõİЩ
һжԼ⡣
ʤҲãҲգѹ鷢ӡ

ճվٲ£ɽȪԣ̲ݵϵʱӳľʮλź£ɢΣݾѡ֡
Щ϶ž֮
˵һֵıԣҶսʮʱȫ״̬ǰվŵĺεˣҲûе뷨
ǵļƣһʼ׼֡
ֻǻ˼ɫӰζ䣬ͱ˾У߸˲Ӧ
ʮһһƽĲݵϣš
ǽǷأѴھơ
һӲ̣¹ٷҹصĻᣡһսƣ·ʤڶƽϣԲǶžκȡΪʵǷԶͬ٭ƣҲֻԭα¶
հ׺һְܽҵµˣȻճҲҪһԼĿڱ
Ѿ˽ۣһ
ԣϽⳡһʮտʼһʱͽ˹ϯĿ⾼Ĺš
һս̲סЦ


1068 ˭棨11
վһЩϰʱҲͣѧΣѧԱϰľͽڹϯϾһȦȺճһĿʼ
ͣվȫϽƹû
ҲΪˣϽ˵ճʤܱʮҪ
أԽܲѾϢǺת˼ȴЩ̫Уû֮ǰͳȫѹעһѧԱϣֱԽŵӴ
ʤ˵ȻãˣͻΪԽϵͳһЦ
Ҫ֪˴Ρ˭桱ԽӵܿԶԶֻϽһҡ
Ҳźܴѹ
ô⣬׺һЩ϶ô˵ˣɾЩѰ졣
ճߵòԶϽŲΣõ糤пȵ
ףôӺƻʮ֮ڣ٣㵽ڸʲô
ͷܽϰƽ͵״ʱŭЩˡ
ϰȫ
ҲˣƽҰϣʮɵдһźɫװֳбָ棬۳ʿ֣һõԽַʽ
ٿݣȻԽžӢѧԱӺƴʦ֡
Ȼĸʮս󣬿
Ҳ֪ôϵģ
Ŀɿڴȫ֪ôش
֮˭֪Ӻܽϰϲǵ²һ㿴ģʲôõģÿιϰһͬ״ѡָҪǿϲ١
ӺƽƴӣӲΥ
һε̺սԶǳܽϰ֮֡
˵ָʹģ˭ţ
С㣬ӺƵж治֪飬ܿϴαܵĳԹŻݺݱ
Ҳô룬ôڲ˵ѧԱҰվ𡣡
еĿ͸һ˿
ܵԽһľ糤ɲѱСè
⻰˼ˣʤǰܣһսӺԽҲˡ
ϰҲǵͷӺΪӢѧԱʦ֣˴̫˵㡣
̾Ϣһˡ
ֻϣʮ˵ʤ飬ճƣӺƷżֿھ磬ôԴ
˶˷ʧܣҲȲԹԵɨسһɢȥ

峿ʼڻ԰ϰŽ
ƽ羲԰Ľ⣬ʱȴôҲҲ
ԽԽ鸡꣬ҲֱһЦŲ˼ͣ
裬أЦЦġ
뿴ȥɣװʲôһѧ㸸װһԾƸͷһ㣬ഺŮ͵мѪԲ
峿һ֮ķţ̧ͷһۣȤŮԼҲ˽бҪ
һºǰΪͷʵֻΪʶעڱ粼սڼֻź
һһΪ
ЩҲ֪ġ
ǣͱŮ˽ʲô
Ҳò͵˵öԣǿ⣬ʲôȥʲôӦѾҪʼڶ˰ɣҲáֻ˭ȿһʵҪֻ˭ߵԶ
ţҲˡüëһԸ׵ĻȻôͬ
˵þǼһһǰһˣҲš
һ̾ͽԼ䣬ǹսȥˡ
˵ģûס
ŮӰȻʧЦ
ôǿҲ֪˭

˾硢ңһսķǷĪ
ɴͣľٶȿճһ
ĿĲһǱź濴ֵ̬ĦǱѰȱܶԷ̬ġ
Ƿ£ʤϲˣҲڹš
ЩϽĽ׸һսʲôǽңսӮ£ͲòϿơ
һСЩϼһȥȥ۹˶ΪϽˣӳ
ڵ¡ùٷϿɵʲôֵ͡ܣҶԺȫвš
ֻܿ˼Դ˲ȫһա
ճ³ãһټƣͲɢһ
ڰվѧԽŵӣʵ˭֪޻ѧԺѧϽõˣѧԺɺ͹ٷɡ
һˣȡͷֻΪɢûϢûǰ;ȻԴѧԺ꣬һļٷǻɢʲô飬вˡ
ͬĿģ̬ͬ¹עţЩǰ;ɢ˸Ҳڹעš
ֻǿֵĹڣһԺȲͿճһսǺεģ
һսǣϽӿ

ֻոտʼſһĹսʹӶʮ˷ǣ֮䣬ǵ˶ˣڲϵһַչ
ճսٲŵζ泩ͬʱ΢΢Щ
ҪһѶԷ仨ˮո𲽣ֻǸһ˿Ц⡣
ҵһ㣬缫ȷǰЩһ
˵ǷЩ
Ϊû˴սҲûмƻߣʹ˿ڱը硢˿ڶҪϼʮϰٱĴ¥ãҲ˾ӻ򡢻ǡľǷسµĸݵأѸͷչ֮Уһͻǣǧ˵Ĺע
ٳɶ࣬ҸãÿֻǵĮûо̾ͳݣõҲ㹻ҵֵԾʽˡ
ܸӦƬҶӽַƬҶȻѿ
ôһͲæžʤɣҪݳ¼ܣԽŽĲ㡾ߡ
ճŹֵĿһվұߵӺƣ黶ƽĥš
ôĥĥģֱˡ
ǰһǺˬһôˣҲǶǿЩЩûա
˼һʮôҶʮ֣ǹꪶȫˣҲһ԰ͣҲǶˡ
ϰϽȫȥˡ
ϯõúǸ߿ƼԼ볡ڣ⿴棬ܿǰܸԵһ𻥶̸
ӳڿܣȴֻܿԶӰ
ʱȵ̫ãȫЩͷˡ
ٵˣķʸȸʲô
Ӻžμʮ˾ѻжڽܳģʱ̲סͽг
ʮ֮ΨһĽ׸֣Ϊܸߣȴսɸߡ
õһ˶ͷ׵׵ʵҲֻ׶壬ɢ˵һ֣Ҳ㲻ر
ͷ׵Ķ̱һűҷ̣˴ǵķУʵǶ֣ʤ븺󲿷Ҫܲܵסֹơ
ĵԱߵӺƣŭҪηʸ˵õİڳطƣ
ɵ˲ô
ΪĽ׸֣޵ĳɫҲΪӺǿĵط񿴳ֵʵ
ǰĶֻǳֽȻվڲݵϣѾܻΪһ壬硢ٲ̲ݡɽһһһгͳһ羰İʮ˸ѳ硣
ô·Ҫ壬ﲻʱ˵ľһֲ̡


1069 ˭棨12
Ȼĥ󹤣ۿһ㣬ճͲżˣֻǾĵȴ
ԭȭ߲߹⣿ʱȭѡʵĸߵûʲôϵ
λֽ棬磬֣ڸոգһۣһ˱ˡ
˵ȭˮƽ
һСֱǸߵûˡ
ڹ˵Ⲣһʵȭ
ºҲʤжǿֻΪԼƱǮĪ
ҿӶˣҿ
Ʊ£
ճŶĥĥ䣬Ҳߡ
ĥѡʮ˲źãǰĦĹڻൽ˼顣
Լδ򿪵ڣźܴô
һʮʱ䣬ҲֻʮλûϢҷϣ˵ġ
ڳУճϵľƣӮҪȷʵʲôֶκͷʽ
ǳֱɣҲûʲôˡ
οճǽһЩش̸ʲôֶΡ
ʮ˾Ͳһˡ
ԶڴһĽӺƣһЩҲȫվסˣð׹⣬ȫԾԾԡ
ŲҲĵǰơ
һȻҲǰƽ
ҪٻһҲܣϾһ塣
ǣһȫѶ
бȽϲܿߵͣճվмĳȺӣҲɵ̾
˲Ľ˵˭ܸԼвˡ
ᣬ
ӺƸһƽԽԽֻоһѻܿһִȫһЩġ
ʵռ˺ܴƣȴС󣬶֪ôˡ
ճǴŲЦ⣬ͷŭ𲪷ƺ˵ձճùµĳ龰
ǴβԼ˴ܽϰٸŶº˵Ϊվʦǹͷпá
ôܵˣ
Ӻһǣиǰ
չᣬ磬ٿ֮˵ճǰ
бӣصһ죬ƴһӰնճʺǰ
̣طԲġ᡿֮
гһƬëʤƮɡ
ã
ԶɽХĻȲ
ȵжͣͿж߳
ճЩ죬ƺȫûԤϵӺƾȻ¾ͻϮ֮졣
̽ǰѽˡ
ĳһýǰͻ̣
нδӺƵĽѵ
Ӻһ˿ϲ⣬ֱ۸üë߸沿ⱻٳľ紵΢΢ݡ
߽ŭնͷȻһˬ޷ݵ顣
ףԡ
Ӻͷϲ⻹δɢȥ͸огն˸գвͷ
ġԲ仯ԽŽײΣеĽֱ۵죬ԼѪ֮Ѿû̫
ý廨ý֯ûնжԷһȫжϴ
ûͨôʹ̿ˣǲۻ˵ȸ⣬һʹ鴤ٴŹǰһͷԵڲݵС
һңԶĺ󳷣סͣ
ĴɤŰɣʲôˣ
ӺʹӲݵ̧ͷ­ͷһô£ȴǰһڣʶѾ˻˽˿ռ䡭
ӺƵԣûŪô£һǧȴǿ
ǵģʱƣۿⳡѾһǧ
һʮսϾǸϡ⣬ѡۿһ˶һЩҲ
ЦλǰվľӢѧԱӺưɣôɵӣѵˣϷģ
ﶼӲű˵ĽײȥѽЦˡ
ǿװס
δ֮ʱӺһƵƮݿ콣Ȼ˾롣
ճʺǰһ紦Ӷƺն˶֣ʵϲ֮壬֮ǧ
һ´֣ͷӺײճ̳Ľ֮ϡ
д룬ֱ࣬һ̼գ
ӺƵ˳˵һ¶ûС
˿ӺƳͷɵײɱָվ綪˸ˡ

ɫ͵ͨ죬ھ
ˡ
ܹڵô
΢΢ͷЩ޵ݡ
۹ȻӺƳ֮ճƽƣεƿһ֮ء
պӺƵĽ޹Ȼ˳Ƴɵһһʹ˶֡
ⲻӺʵķӦ죬δ̵ѾӦԣ߽Ȧ
΢̾Ϣ⻰ô˵óڡ
ܽ͸ܽ͸ǿЦȥǧǧɡ
ŭӺǴһҲûġ
мʹ׶ӽƽΪӪǺȷķӣӺƫƫ֪Ҫ̰ð
ͣһճĽ
ǣһûλվĴʦˣôһвУ
һ֣ճͨ͸
壬ӹԭҰ磬оëźϰϸ崥С
ոһʵûҪһɱӺƣŶһأϷôõһ֡
ƻ仯졣
ôʦֳ̫ˣʵ̲סͱôһ¡
̫˳˼ֱ
ðɣճоЩܲסԼ֡
ҲˡߡǸʲô⡣
ǡмӦ
ִ򷨿Ƿأ߷ֹʵأǹһڲ֮Ϊǰᡣ
紺ϸ
ţһҶûоӣͰɱˡ
˵¾Ž㣬ѧӿ֮䣬㾡ʽ⡢ơٴеóѳȻƾһУǶ˵Ľ
֡ߡһɵϽ
ʹȥ롢ȥĥֻóǰʺԼܸʹ
Ѿֻ֡
֮ؾԼ򣬿³ɰ޵
ǰȻҪײ߷Χ֮ڣǳֽǰȥ
Լ֮ܣ֮ذܡ
һֺܸı
ֻƮݾˡ
ѹֱΪ׺սɱսܲ׺
ÿζԵзɱѪ²ɣϹһѪ඼ǳ¡
һ䲻֮ˡ
ǶֽԶ̴ŷŷأǸô죿ܣҪܵҲЩѡ
Ǿӡ
ճһԡߡΪ壬Զ½ʽΪãܰѶ
Ȼɱ˵սϲ裬쳵վ
̧ͷ󣬼ԷָͣǰһͣƽʽɵЦ
ǰɣҿǸ˲ţ֡ɽñҪһս֮㲻͸Ұɣɢˡûʲôǰ;
㵹ǻ쿪һӮһս
ܲӮⲻŵ𣿡
ճֵѪ𿪣Ц˵
ǾԿӮˣһж˵
Ҳɫһ࣬ߺȵתˡ


1070 ˭棨13
ɢ˸֮ȻԼķʽϵЩʲôȱǲȱһЩ֪ʶ
ڹŴΪ֮صĸϻΧ󷨣ֶһʲôǣšСϡǡ
ϣȫ
һг׶˵һǰͷ£̱֮ϸ裬ҧ
ʯ콵׶ͷХǰһƬ
һһ벽ֱճ糱ƫƫϣʱ׼
ǹìʹ
΢΢ڻȹˣӦķС
󷨣ճ̾һ
Ϻõ
г˼ݵһ˳ȥõѿ߸֮ϡ
˵Ҳ֣ôһ㣬ͱɢɨճ๥ĵ뱻ڵ
һ³ߣڴ׶Ĳ෽
֣˵ĵɨ
ճԲǽǵǿؾ׶ֻҪһ뽣Ȧ󣬾ңȫббĸı˷
赭д֮䣬˵ͱúв
ֻоԼ׶༱ܶȥֱɺ鸡Ҫбﰵ⡣
ĵԶֵļ콣ٺͺУʱֻҪʤͻ̣Լͻ᲻Ҳˡ
䣬ȴûͻϮ
ҲɱӰ֯ĸˣǷˡ
˳ǹƷƷ̶֮
ӹһ٣֪֮УҲɵóһ亹
񣬴ˣתʱǰͻʱʵ仯
ֻñǿһһ㣬һֳƶĽࡣ
һʼֹЪ
ٿٿˣһֳλΧмճһ󼱹ȴʹչ֮ء
ԶȲ֮һİǿþʵĹڴŲʡ
ǲ֪Щ˵׳˶УóʲôѧֻþתŲ裬üΪÿصҲʮϽ
˫ƾУþޱȣƫƫǲһ㹥мĽȦ
˵վмճ籩еһС磬紵öᣬȴʼռޱȡ
ۼþҪŲתֻ֮ص
ԽԽľоԼͬйһš
Էһ绯ǧ֧ǰȥкöξҪ̵üģ֪˻ȥ
ҲǴѵ˯̫˾㱣
š
ڿЦȫûа취ֻǻеĽʤ
ߵЩѣȻδܾټһܹƶԷߣȴûע⵽Ǿȫʪƣٶȱ
֪дҶѾ߰ʮУȫԸȲۻѹեÿ˵Ǳƴһϰ
Ѿˡ
ԭڰǵأ
εľͻȻɺ
ǾʵΣ
ȻǴλƴɱ֮ĸӦȫɺϡ
ÿͷԷȴŹһ˶ûɱϸỹ
˾
ѹסȻ˼Ϸ
ѹ˵ӮŵģΪ˼ҸûаԼ˵Ķ֡
뵽ͺйͽ˫һٻͳУͼǰһ
һʹ
ǵԼĳŵ
ľ仰Ȼ߼һı洩͸ȫ޻֮
ǼѾ𲻵ˣԲ֣̫ˣ
ЩȻǰһڣͻص˿ռ֮С
۾վԭΣŻع
ϸ˼ղһս֪ͷ󺹡
µûճЩѾ𲻵ãԽŽĲ㡾ߡģ˵Ѿγӳ˿©
˵໥ƴɱ˵ճָӰָ衣
ýˡ
ճĳһٲѹԼĽһ
ৡ
ǰ൹¾ˣսʣҲȥԽԽĹڷкͷĻǴЦ
˽Ѵ۷壬ҵЩڴЩĸˣ֪ܲиϲһսҲ֪ǿûС
ңճЩˣǸųơմ족ۼңβָ֪˵
ԳпۣǿӲţ
һϲּ飡
ճڴԼ˵Ļ
ֵڴˮ
ôһսƬҶѾʮ֮һСɫҶǾһǧ˲ܻõ
ֻһ㲻ϵĳ£ջȻǲС
ѧأ壬
һЩԣˣճϲǾᡣ


1071 񲻻һ
ճҸľţôıǮˡ
Ȼúòݵúãһˣһʱͷкܴϵңмľճ棬Ҳž޴͡
Ȼؿ;Ȥ
ǽĶ֣Լֳʵƣ᲻ȥأ
ֵڴ
һսѾõĽճͲٶ
Ҳû˼ע˷Ӧֱ˳նˡ
Ӫɾӣͳ˼ҪѶ

ճӰӳʧǰֻʮʬȻ˵̲֮ϣʹ˶
ֻ˺һͣʱ˳ֻһú죬С
ʵЩ׵ġ
һֱƾеģôһӾͱˣ
ǰһ㶼ңΪͻȻռ˾Ϸ磬ȫʤˣ
ңûʮ˶ˡǱ֮ʱɶͨ˵ʣÿбؾȫ߰ʮУֽŶûˣɰҲӦá
ã˵˵Ϊʲôû⣬ҿ˳֮ʱƺǺܳӡ

ò˵һ֮ճ˫֮Ѿױ
ַһðиĵ
ֿȽš
һЩΪճڶԸһʮ˵ʱѾ׽⣬Ӯʮּѣܲĵֱ
ΪµʱЩһֱĸ֣Ҳһȫѻⱻɶڡ
Ȼѡһʮ֮·͵õʸ֮еķգҲûʲôճƽ
һֿձΪճʵŶصľ顣
ֻҪסһʱ䣬ܹѶûкܴЦ
ִֶѹ󣬺ֵܻܿڶķ档
ֻܴ򣬱˶Ϻ
Ȼ˴඼ˣһЩϣ漣ֵĵײʿ
̳ϻǲôճΪѶȹ֣Щɢ˸⣬ѶԸǹӵܺѧԺ֣սʵҲսɢ˶֡
ûʲô⣬ɵġ
ֻеȵЩӵܵõһȵĸԴһɳʱŻȫ淴
ʮĹӵܣһ¶һҲЩɢ˸΢һЩ档
̳̫ճҲ
հ׺λʦһƷٴΧۡ
Ϊһ﷢һǸţһ޳ܴճԼԼ͡
־ͽСҳұƭˡ
һֵʱΪͲӦû޳ԽŽĲλƽȦʵ֤һλ޳ˣʵڵڶֱ֮ʱ֪λûУ۶ιû취ϣ᧿Σʵϰ̩ɽ
ҶΪǿ죬Ǿһ룬һֳ֮ʱԵĿ콣зţڵڶиͲ֤֡ʲô֤λ˫ֱ󣬻ûóƣֻڴ档ʵʵܿܶȡϽһȡһ۹һһȽȽǡ
հ׺׵Ʒ˵Ŀ⡭
һԶ泱˴ɣʹȫҪ档
ѵõǣ˵һͨе͸һֶصרҵζ뷴ѡ
ִ˵ڲǲֵǮĶעõĽ͡
հ׺׿ԼͻϱöۣѾϺ󲿷Ƿ޳С˵ģȴֵúϲ£졣
ճ֮ҲֻȻһЦ֪˽հ׺ײĿڣ󣬷ƲԾɻĿڡ
ңҲòϣλӵʵЩŵ
˶ûע⵽飬Ϊһ˾ȻܿԷǺҲ²⣬Ҳܲ򵥡
ֻ˵һĴӣҲһ׵¡

Ͻã
ͨſ˿޾ӼҷɫĿϵĸնĻ
ǰ豭ҶһƢķ㣬ͨȴ·Ų
ϲľ㣬ҲȫȲʲôζ
һǰ˫ְļ棬СȰοүΪЩëƤϾҲϽõˣԽǷ⣬ϽʵǺ¡
Ǻ££ֻϽãȴûǼһԴӱ֮󣬾δ˴޹ţңõǰվԽŵţϽѿ
Ǹͨԭˣĭʮ꣬øͨء
Ůʲô˲ңң֪ʶԨǹˣѵõ
ͨʲôѽ⣬ƽֻǸģóϺõĽӣҲһֱϽһԭڡ
ȻŸֻͨ𱬵ţƢ˵ΪԱܿΪ̫࣬ͱ˹
ԷŸͨ⣬һҲӣֻЦЦү㲻һֱųϽΨǾһθֵġ
˵Ҳƫ£ͨ˼ֵҪҪ²ôɢ˸֣ȷЩƽӮҲʤ֮䡣
ȻΨǾ٣˼ʹϵʵҲʵеһ֣¼Ȼ£Ͻ֣Ҳı¡Ӯˣ֤ʸˣҲԹñˡ
ԣˣ֮ԽԽǶкôһϯʤʮ鰡
ͱȡЦˣҾ˵˵ѣүֻסļ˸ۡԲշµĴ
̽նӶӳĴˣͨҲˡ
ȻԼò֣ȴԱ̬ȣѹ
ԵİʾӮˣһжģճ㡣
ˣ͹ԹλͰɡ
ңҲܵϽٷĳ⣬ʱʤˣȡϽһҲͶұڲѡźһ
һڴվͬʱҲϽٷһԿɳһԿǰְλʵͻ
˸
ֻͨûȻʡ
۾ηչϽ
λϣž޴ԴֲӣУԼʵǶˡ


㣬ȫжճȴǱлͣ
Ҫµõֵʵٴƽһ
ԽٽףֵԽ࣬ÿǰһ㣬ҪѺˡ
ʱ£ϾУøۡ
øҪڵϣúú롣


1072 񲻻
ΪǴ´࣬ʱҪˣĽ޽ͻͽֻҪһЩҩľܿ׵Ľ׵ĹؿȻҪһǮˡ
Ǯ⣬Ͳ⡣
ճǮҪԶһЩ
ϽѾ֣һͨͿΡ
Ͻǰʮܵõ10۹ңһ100۹ҡ
ֻҪӮһ֣ͿԻ÷롣
Ը˵ЩǮֵһᣬճļҾ˵ʵܶˡ
ûпӵ800۹֮ǰȫһµĻʳѲǧ۹ҡ
ϧÿٳšС꣬ÿ´ƽ6000Ԫ۹ңҲ֪Ǯж
Ȼ100ĿģճҪʵǺ淭űϹĽ
ÿǰһܻøߵĽǸıͥҩģʺƶǲݴ
ΪʱҪķҲҩô޳ַ򣬾Ψ磬ǵ֮ˡ
ǰֻƬҶӵֵȻ᲻ð˻ѵ޵׶ȥϾʱûлԴ
˽ʣ뵽߸Σգڻ̲סĽĽ
ճЩʱգԼȻÿϰԽŽʵϽ
޵ĳһ֮󣬾ͺٴǰ
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ǹͻȺʱºÿһÿһϸСѪ綼︡֡
޸İˣƽսܻϸ΢񣬾þաҩƣҲܾƾ
ϴˣһΪѾȫκˣû뵽л಻㡣
ͻһϸ΢Ĺؿ֮ȫ¶һѭʱ޸壬ϸϻëϸѪֽܶȻȻ˵ҩֻⲿǿճ״ڲȻ
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ŵ˴˲ܳǿޱȣѾﵽղĵزôսڣܱĶʮ쾳硣
ϼصĴĦʮݣſͬ˰䣬ϻͯزı֡
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һճŸҿ϶Լ棬ѾԭĹͬʳ
ǧ;ͬ飬ϵ׶Ȼͬĵ·
ңճ֣˼񲻻һȻս֣ĸƢԪԼֻ֮ĵز֪ȫֻΣ
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̹ҫ˼µ׾ͻῪʼжλ棬Ҳܿˡ
ճ˸ֻޱˬѪʢţһֻԾսƴɱĳ嶯Ѿ
֪ոͻƣ˱仯Щһֱչųȥߡ


1073 񲻻
۶ɽˮһµıɽׯ羰Ĵƽ
ɽׯΧһЩ۵ĵطͦƷľ׳ֳǹеȥ
Ŀоâ˸ȫǳ
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ﻶЦʿׯ԰ȴǽѹ֡
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װݻķڣһͷɢױ̨ǰɫ԰
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ˣǷˣүҪ
ԱһŮŷ䣬̬ԹػŻӦŮ
СĿˣҲұǾǸҷϡ
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һͷſİɣ֯ߵزȻǵĳÿֻһˣֻһ֣ɹȴǾųɾţרҵġʲôˣѾˡ
СġɫԹɫԻЩˣȻȥġ

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âҪ壬һֵͬͷҡ
һǿأȴ˵еı滨룬ʲôʱˣְ͵Ϯ
˼άת죬̶һ˲䣬ճѾ˸âͨƽűֳͦļеľӡ
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ϴΧǿֻǣԭӲ
һ˿϶кƶһסճһ˿⡣


1074 Ӣ۱ɫһ
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ϱŵ˺ѵֱֻԵЩãڱ塣
ûˣɱֺ֪ġ
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1075 Ӣ۱ɫ
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Ӵҵ裿
ǵ򹥻úٵճֱܲˣ˲ӣͶϼ
ϴ£ʮů͡
ĪϼɫЦü䣬ƺ˷ܡ
ϵ˿˿㣬ŵζֱ˴ĵӿһֵ⡣
ճոͻƵ񲻻Ѫ֮󣬱ͲȵζһЩܲˡ


1076 Ӣ۱ɫ
ճֲʲô磬෴ڼ֮ź֪Ȣӣ̻Ųס
ĪϼʵһĿŮˣԹɫľٶ֮пó
ʵһЩԸ¼飬κĳ֮УŮʵûʲô̫ߵλЩ²Ҳ룬Լں˶кõĽ֡
ʱ򣬾ַףһЩ˼ңѼﲻӵŮ˿ǽ£˲ţֻһüֵƷ
ĪϼңִĳıҲ£˲ŵһ֣ĪȨ˲ŲȡŸɣҪȡԣأĪϼȻһֻӣԤеƷ
£ҲݲһŮӣֵܵĪȻѹҲȨȡᡣ
ʱʱĻѹᣬҲͿ⡣
ճ֪ŮʵʱʱԼСĪˣȴֲ˵̫ףǲҳδ֪
Ҳֻ˳ȻԱĳЩ顣
ˣˣǴȭ
ճʵڿۣȡĪϼеĽϢһ°ɣѾơ
ȾƾͲҪʲô£
Īϼûйͷһһ˵ֹĲӣЦ˿С㻹ҳԵ㲻ɣŵġ
ãŮ˺˵ĵ̫
ճҧҧʹѹסΪǵĳ嶯
̫ǿҲãѪ̫ʢ岻ʹʱʱľͻԼǷߣջ
Ǳ̫𣿻ҸͲһ˾ӣ
ԩͷծʵֻԸĪͷĪˣûҪһ޹Ů˵ס
ճûãǲ˳ˮ壿͸оģĪϼСԼϸš
ȻҶ
ͷȥĪϼţ۵ȻȻһȣĳҵʿһ㡣
ЦͬʱճͻȻʲô˼Ҳûˡ
ʲô
ԺĪҴ֣ʱʱռĪϼӣȵһ죬Ҫô
˵ϿӾͲˣ

ûȤˣҪȥˣĪϼƿճЩʧЩҡ
ĵĳȥعͷЦʮģ㲻ҪȻһẰɫǵġ

ճޣļֱ¿ηˣǲɵǲɵ
ò˵ɧĪϼɿڵӡ
ŤӯӯһյˮӼֱ͸ˮҡ
͸һ
Īϼ˵ҪȴǴһְʾ롣
ֱͲ˵ˣɡ
ճǴŮ˵ݼּˣʵǲʦյ·Ҳһġ
ȥ䣬֪ǹ⻹̫Ŷ˹ʵڣڰڵġ
ճжʱ·С棬ĵײͣɧ
洫OO@@˲
ϡﻩУ˸͡
ʵճĶ̫ʵ̫
⻹û꣬Ҳ֪ĪϼЩʲôһᣬ⼱
һ
ʲô
ճɳϣǲǳ뿪ˣȻǺ쳾ģ̺սѶȡ
СﾲĵģʲôҲû֪ɣ
ɲ˼롣
ǣͲˡ
ճվŮ憿Ϸˣôȥ֪ᷢʲô顣
ʱͻȻһʹ漴ĳ޵úӡ
ôˣ
ճа
ȻľԸӦԷǣ֤оƬȥɨŮϲ
ǵö
Ҫ뿴϶ǹĿ
ԣҾûȥŮϲ

ʹ洫Īϼǻˤһӣվˡ
鷳
Ҫҽճԥʵ
Īϼû书ܿˤ˹ͷȥҲ̫ã϶ʱġ
ƺһᣬ洫µ
Ӧ·ˣճ롣
һ£Īϼڣɣǲ͵
ţ
ճҡͷЦЦӦһ߽䣬תͷȥ
ϼʱԡ䣬Ѿ˴룬¶һ˫ˮ۵ĴȣԼ߻Բѩ׵β
ֻͷƺϴʱ»һƨɶ˳ȻƵש֮ϡ
һһ죬ˤһ߳ܵơ
棬ʹ
ֻһۣճѪӿæƫͷһ߹ȥ׼
ոΧסĪϼ壬ȷסֹճĲӣ뿿ճؿڣ촽ڶŲЩҡҰѿɡ
仰һڣճȥӣ۽ʱҲܲס
һȼ˸ɲ񣬺һһĻȼ

ӡۻϣһ˫˪ѩĴڰղͣĻζһнɡ
һɫСҡƮʼպǼͦĹϡ
תԹĿߣرϢ
żҵսͻȻתΪУеö϶һ˰㣬
漴Ȼֹ

ճ̧ͷݶھʱĺɫ΢
¹ĥ룡
һƾеĴսսǣͷǸŮһϢİز
ðɣ̫ǿ˵㣬һʱ͡
ڣ
Īϼպ޵ĵһţû´ȥ
ȻճͷԼˣŮ˵ظֱԼգ񲻻Ҫǿ
Ҫ˶ãͻѪ
ճعͷ֪ôԼ飬Īϼ㷢һʱԡ
Ҫ𣿡
ĪϼƲͷͻȻڵ
ţˣȥҪֲԶʱԼ
뿪Ͻɣȥ۶˵ڶ࣬һ롭츳ôã޵ٻòãĪϼ˵ĵ
ճȻͻȻͿ
ЦôΣվ룬ƾĪһ񡣡
㶼֪
ĪϼȻʹһڱϣһ˵еء
ճҵȻ֪дԶԲԼ
ɫǣĪϼ߼ͷӵͷϣڴӿһһġ
ճ§壬º͵ǵ޹أҲģҲûп˼ϲкøУƾһ޸֮Ůˣѵǿң
Ժô죿Īϼ涣̧ͷ֪ճԼ
һһɣϾûйȥļƯƯģһȥһĪң˵ȥͣܵ㣬Ϸȫס
ãĪϼжͻȻ§סճƺ᲻÷ſ
ճȥͣȻˡ
ȥĪһ᲻Σգ˶û˵Ϊܼ򵥣ĪҪҲѡʱ
򣬸ͲĪϼ
˺һᣬ˲Ųֿճ߳СʱѾܿǹ㣬ɫȫ
øϻؼȥϤһӲ̡
Էɣȴɷɣ֮һи
ĪϼĿϲճаˡ
׼ݷĪңЩ˳׷Ȼһǡ
ͬʱҲΪԼȡʱ䡣
˭Ц󣿻δ֪ء


1077 ϵдӿһ
ճµû
ĪϼȥĪҵʱӭЦݿĪ룬ĪȫһźĪԶ
ͷΪ˱ʾ׺ͣĪ԰ӼڳһͰ׵ĳģ֮ʡ
ĪÿζĪλ̽նӣβ֪ΪΣȴᶼûᣬֻĴ䣬ƺԴ²⡣
뱾ܲһճһ㡣
ĪҲΪѾճĺøУû֮ǰļУϾˣԣҲ˹һ㣬á
ûбֳһ㲻õͼӪһڵĳ档
ʵأȫôһ¡
ճոս֮ʱʶĪͷĻᱻƭȥ
Ҳ԰֮Уʱϧ㲣ﱯ¼ţĪԶɷģ
֮ʱɱ˪裬ֱȥ
ĪҵմһƫĹҲ֪ôģճ֮£ĪԶϢӴѹ͸ű们壬ʮֲڡ
Īϼûϰֹĳ˵һ¡
ǿŵյԷĳ嶯ճίߣûչֳԼʵ뷨
죬游ǵ̬ȣƺѾж˵ԺҪǺúദţԼˣûҪָ˴ˡ
ճ뿪ʱĪϼĵ˵ѹֲסϲ
չȻԸ⿴ġ
ճҲЦܺгദȻãҲһЩΪѣʵ˵һֱ벻ףǶʲôͼıϾǰ޳ԹģҼûʲôֵ̰ͼ
Ȼ̽Ҳƭ
ΪĪͷҪԼѪУһ˵ĸڣǲɵ͵ìڣϵĪͷܷͻƵ߲Σôܷ֡
ճ˵ҲֻοһĪϼ
Ͼ֮ˣֻƬӦҲŪصĿġ
ңճԤϣĪԶ´¼ıӦûĪϼһͬ˹ȥ
ճֵĲںĪϼȴֿʼˡ
Ҳ֪ڵʲôͣ˳Ŀճ۾죬иϢ֪òϴϽõ죬游Īһʲôͬ䡿˵Ҫڿλʱ䣬˵½ĳֽסҲ֪ǲѾ
£
ճһݡ
ĪҵĿԭ⡣
ֻ֣ճЩˡ
ϵ񴦾Ī޷Ǿ÷ȷԼλãڸո긽岻ʱͿʼ䡣
пܱԷƵ
ֻǧûǧշĵĪ롢⹴ĻҪҵԸҵĻᣬ̫ܲѡصĶҴδӴҲ֪ôӦԡô;֣Ϊǿˡ
ճڳ˼
ϢҺãĪϼԺ㲻ҪĪǰҵκ飬аգİɡ
ճů⣬һԱԵŮˣ
ĪԶƵʱһûƵŮ˲Ƶĵ
Ҳ벻ǰһ̶ƣһ̾ͱĪϼȫͱ¶Լ
ĪЩ˲СĪϼ⣬ԭ
ճоƬӾз֣ĪԶ˴ͷβһģӿ̳㣬ͬı飬˼档
ЦʮºͣȻǱޱȡ
˲пᡢ̰Ѿ
ѪһһףԼӿǸ쳾
ԡ飬Ҳʮֳٶۡ
̸ȥŮ¡
ĪϼΪ̫ҪϢճ˵֮ϲˡ
׼
ƲģĪҵνıҲͲֵһˡ
ţҼסˡĪϼͷӦ£ܵճĹģȥǲΪѡ

Īϼֱճȥ˰վӦԼͻƵ
ΪվҺ񾭷Ӧѵңܴ
ճ˵ʱֵʵǺ̺ĸйһЩ״ʩ
ң񾭷Ӧң԰Ӧʱ̡
磬Ѿûκι˼ɣҲʱ䡣
ѾкֻҪ磬⼸׷ǳʹã˷ѵʲô¡
˳Ժճһ춼֮ڲ
޶оԼÿһϸ΢⣬ÿһֽʹָ
ÿһÿһʽۡ
ƿصľ硣
ڶ̶ʱ֮ڣﵽزҺ񾭷Ӧҹû
ûЩճԤƹԼҪʱ䣬ȫӦͻȻĹ塣
ճȥʱӺѾӰ˵Ǳϳ硣
һֱѾȥˣȻλʦŭδЪ
Ǽһǳ⣬Ϊ˸˽Թþǰ;ڲˣ޷ܵǣȻһԸʦֵܣ
ʤӮҲ˵ΪֱΪ綪ˣȫ綼֪ϽվԽӵܣƷǲãǵĽѧɾ޴Ӱ졣
ԽѧӰС£ճ֪Ӱ쵽ǰ;
ǸŮˣʵźǿҵģԸӲǿ
ԣŻڸոշճչ¶˾̾츳ͰϽվѹ׵ԴҺ˳
Ҳ
һˣ治һ
ܽϰľ״̬һЩ䣬ճĿ⣬ҲǸӡ
Ӻĵӣܵң˴¡
λԼ̫ϵİ·뾲ѧԱھе죬ٵҲһ־޴
İվѾûٷȨ

ճΪĵʱ򣬷ȴǺЩסˡ
Թ緹ĵĳãһϵСС
һռĴӪ
濴ľβ䣬ʯǽؽʵһЩĴ߷ڡ
߽ȥʱҲûǰʡ
ֻǵͷֱ
һƽʵĿյأƿž˽ȥ
ĴֿȴǴͬԵʮֺʡ
ķһЩƺɫƤɳżòˡ
ǰ輸ϣڷſȣƺǸոճݺá
һҷζڷڡ
ŮɣЦݣæµš
һҴ˿˿Ƶ׳󺺱վУ̧ͷǽϵƺڳ˼
ӰиŰµĳֽӰһĻ
ܵǹͬ籩㼱ΧӰȴɫƽʱڹͷʱȸ˹֮Ȼ
հ׺׻еõģȻƷУȷʵѾԽŽĲ㡾ߡǿ϶дˡ
ӰѾֻͣĻмһ˫ӣȻĮȻƿǿ
һɨоһ䡣


1078 ϵдӿ
Ļϵ˫۾޲ʲô֪ġ
սʱܱ壬η޾壬˲ãǴﵽƿԼľ硣
ҪͻףҪ޵ԲΪΪҲƫϣҲҪﵽһϸߵľ硣
Լ飬ƿһ־
Ǿǣڼսͬʱƽ޲
˵ףѡ
ѣ顢Ǽѡ
¿Ļе˫۾ȵķ֣ԼΪ飬Ǹˣƺ׾ˡ
Կ
Ҫ֪ͬһ磬ΪԽߣʽҲԽǹϵĵ
ЩĽ׸֣ʮ궼δﵽ˾硣
ҳ
һԲû̫ѵ㡣ɢеĶֻ֣ҪͰĴԽλ棬ܻȡһЩԴطĿġ
ѵľһУƿ
ˣͻһصʱ򣬲ӴԪײʧأɰ׳ա
Ǵż
ڶһʮıƵ¿ǿʮ飬ÿһμ˫ս֮лԨ۾ѹء
֪鷳ˡԼԳӰһҲܸ̫š
ǸţƺСӣпܾʹԼͷϣȥϽ̽նӶӳһְ
ִ˵ΣԺԼָúȥδӣ
ˣҲסˣϱפڣѰԼġˡҪһԸķӡ
ЩİǣפشЩࡣ
ȻҲһûаա
Ͻнеŵɢ˸֣һѾȫˡ
ߵһֱ̧ͷ׳ӣ첲һ֣ͷƤһСëϸ͹ǰͻֵܡ
ǽű߻ŹĹҵİӦõ˳ֵ׷ǹ
һֱΪ˳øһ㣬ʺϵӦǴ
ƫƫϵǹãʵҲ
ͻһݸߺӣƤɳ֮ϣȻһֱһҪƮߵĸо
ȴʹġ
һխУŰһĴ󵶣缦צһ˫ִʱƵ棬ָס
ǰŨȣҲһۡ
֪ǲϰİطԶǶֿɬĶûȤ
ҶܹŽٽĺ񱳵óƮƮҶ⾳ϽĽ۷֮УҲǴ
ԱߵǼͷں꣬һɫľҲڳŹӰԾԾԣŤŤȥһ̰
ڷµͷССвġ
Щʵֱ蹷һ㡣
ƾ˭ֻҪҧ˾Ͳɿڡ
Աһ˹˹ĵӣǱ͵壬ҲǷõֵܡ
æӭ˵磬ȥ˹ٷǰ;ãһֱδһΪ㿴ֵˡ
˵ﻰֻڼϽһˮʲôˣʹ簡ôǿͬ˵԰
㻹ǵþͺá
׳תͷ˹ҺɫӴһЦ⣺֪϶ʵҲǲѣǶʱһֱţֻӼҲΪˡϽٸҲһ£ܹĻûԵãܵõһԪط꣬ѧٿľϣͻǼкôʱǾͺá
Ǳ͵Ĵʤϲıʣ۾ݣͷһɫòֿͬʨӣȻһЩŷѪͳ
Ҳϡ棬Ĳ̫ƳѪͳۣҲи½ͨߣҶѼߡ
ЦķһȦҾЦЩһ黥ϾѾʮ꣬ٶ˽飬ҺѧԺٷƿλ濪ȨĻԵǴúܡֻҪֵãȻԶʳ
⻰˵ʵϣҲ̫档
Ȼô治ҪҪ̬ȣ˵ջ޷Ǿһʽװˡ
Ҫ֪еı׵ʸ񶼲У˼ܹƣǰɢų⡣
Щֱܹ׵طһ磬ǸŴɺ͸߲ʿزıô׵ȥ
ڵ۹֮УΪĸÿ궼֪ж١
жĻԵжΣա
˵һѶһ·㲻ΪԪطϽλ̽նӶӳһְվһ¡
㲻ܴЩɢֻҪʱʱ©һЩϢǵġҲջ
Բ⣬ԵһЩˮˮҲã˵׼ʲôʱͻõᣬ
̸վǢ
ںЩˣͻȻϴ˵ǺãиǰᣬҪУȻ϶̽նӳһְ˵ܲôȥǸ⣡
һ˿궯֮⣺Ͻû似ﵽĲ㾳ĸˣڴǻһôԸǸˡ
ʲôģƾһ֣ȥֱӿˡѵ˻ܶԸǵΧ
˵Χ׳ʵİںһȻģ
λ洳꣬ףһЩνҫЩõĶʵá
ôΧںһм˼ҿǽﵽߡˣֵܹ𣿡
ĪϺܹƽȦһǺƣۿͻҲЩơ
𳳣Ǿһ𣬲Ҫһʧִ˵кųƲƵĽǵԵûƵĽҲֻܸ䣬СӺѡһʮ͸һᡭ
ʤϲգЦŲԵ
ƺ˰취


1079 ϵдӿ
ͻںȫִп˹ȥ
Щ˵ʲôϽٸµõԵʵֻģǻһǹĵվԼ
ɢˡܹڵ۹ѹ֮淢չԽԽǹٷҲֻܶ£
ƾȻʸϣ󣬶ʵǿ
αһûͷЩȫ˼ҵĵʯƾʲôյ˲ţƾʲôеóţ
ӵ񣬵õԴ
ʱҲֻѰͨɢһ㣬һ
ԣһսݰܡ
Ҷ˼Ĺâվݽ΢΢˵ͷ
վʮ֣·δأƮҡҰڡ
ڣҲҪ졣
Ҷȥȴǰ˶Ҷ
ڳûһ˻ȥЦĹŹֶϤ˶֪˵һصҶǺεѲ
ֵܣǲҲ뵽˷ʤϲͻȻЦʵ
չһЦ裬ӵأֵı꽣ڱսϿϽһָ֪ʲô⣬۶ôƵĽվʹģΪƣʵҲȥƣһ֣
ͻȻʣ
ʤϲЦݽӵȷǰֻٶȥĽȴûʮ֮࣬ȫսĽ׶֣Ҫĺȥĸܹ֧ŵס
һΣСʮ֮ʱʹͷ󺹣ѾоˣĽ࣬ȡ㡭ֻҪҲ̰ðһֱŹԵľͽһֻϺ

ȫЦЩȴõӦԷ
ܼ򵥣ǰֻûһ㣬ʱϸϸ˼£ȫ˹
ʵ磬ͬΪĽ˵ȥˣǿȵĹǴһĶȲԷߡ
չǲͬġ
ÿ˶ͬʣֻѰͨǿһ㡣
ͨ˵ת֮䣬ܳŵöã
ңԽǸ߶εĽԽǴ
ճҪ߶ߡԽŽֵʮλֽĵҪ
ֻҪʽƣ˵
ǲʤʤȫҪ̫ġ
ʽܵ⣬ʤϲȫġ
ֻҪߵԲת֮ƣļҪȡʤʱ򣬾ϽɢֶΣ˼ʶһܴӸλɱʵսɱǿ
ãȵСӣǼ˾͹ƴʤһأ˭ҲŪʲô˭Ӯ˭䣬Խܡ
ʤϲˬЦ
ǾۻȾƣҲû˭һսʲôǡ

ճҵЩΪѵС㣬и֪ᡣ
˵ɣھ֮УԼʲô÷ˣ
񾭷Ӧҵ豸Ϊһ塣
սӵˣսϵӵˣԽһսճȻûʲôģҲ
һսҪԵĿ϶Ͻĸ֣ݲ˿⣬׼Ǻõġ
ϵԼȡϵ˵Ļá
˾ʵ׷Ź
ʮҵ˵̫һ㡣
ϰõ豸Ҳֻܴﵽֲˣٸ߼豸ҲŪ
񾭷Ӧѵң£ʵҲ𲻵̫Ķá
룬ճͰߺһͷˡ
£ٱ޿ײԡ
ѹԼʵսˮƽһ
ֻԥһӲն˵Ҳʲô£һΪ˱սΪ˳ɼˡ
糤Բٰ죬Чʿþˡ
ֻһСʱǨͨϡ豸ȫ깤
䷿ҪʩһǴģ
ѵҴʱѾԸһ֣ӦýӦҡ
ѵң˵ѾΪճר÷䣬ѧԱòˡ
˼ȫ޸ɣ񾭷ӦʱѾܲٽһʽ߲ȥ
ллСˡ
ճԣ͸о⣬ϵл
ûϸҲ֪ĻʩôһĶ˷˼۹ңԼ֧ʵû˵
ô˵ˣңǰվһƣԽӵȫѹȥҵİ̫һС£ֵһᡣ
⻰Ұ
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ֻҪѰһССᣬͻˮݺء
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ں껹ûףʤϲͰ
ճ׷˿С
ճӰܲϢؽϢľʹںһӶ
һվͷţں󣬽̻һ㣬ңң乭λ֣ͷ䡣
һ䣬仯졣
ʵת飬תʵô˷һںķΧںĹƵͺͰֵܼ˵Χ
ֻ춯ʸƿзϸ΢˻˻
Ѫڼ䡣
ԶԶȥϰٹӰʧӰȻ¡
ÿĽ
ʤϲһ
ճ˹ȥٵնɱλֻ֣һʱ䡣
ӵǣֻĿţȫ岻֡
ΪںһǷΧ̫㣬̫ȫȫסǵĹ·ߡ
Ͻߴɢ˸֣λȻҲĽףȴƫ˼ܵ㣬Զ˷ֽɵĹʤϲ֮ϣĸɱֻʹ޻֮
Ĳҽں겪Ȼŭ֪Լϵˡ
̫ͲûסԷס˶ѡ
ŭһȻͷ
ոհתͼǰâһһâӳ
һʹȫȻʧʱĽХ
βˡ
ճɫĮȻ
ں겱Ľ棬ȥϵѪˮ̧ͷµ˵һЦûйֵԶ̴ȻȻ


1084 򽣹ڣһ
½Ųסֱоϸģʱľ
üһĿʼգλ֣
Ҷȥλ̶֣̼֮䣬ǵʵһ롣
ǰ̶ĶǿѹͼʲôöûС
Һδʧ
¿Լߵʤϲ壬ٿΪǵİֵܣְһЩ
ΪӮˣģ֪ĽȷܺãҲеСǸոյͻϮӦ˲ɣ
ܴɢ쵽ٷȥȷ˼Ϊ鶯
֪ճôһһɱδʿ䣬־
һԳԣʤϲһ
˶һۣɢͣճ۽
һҲعͼ֪Ҳûá
ͻȴЩջ𣬴ϻôҾͲǹгסã
һֱûнսճǣűں׷ϳԻңͱһ
ȲҪԶԷĹ
˫ǹһڣͬһǰûеȴʤϲֵ˼
ţˡ
ճȻʧЦ
֪ЩһǿһΪԼĲʺϵǷء
ƾϿֵġ
ʱΪ˶ڣռݺܴơ
ǣ£Ƶҷ𣿡
ڰվӦʱճİǰѧΪһ壬ĲߣһֱĽԼ˸߲εɱ
½ֱԴ
νԽŽĲ㡢¾ŽзŮʮŽƵǰѧнȫ˹
֮ʱνء
ǹһ壬бɱ
ճԼ׽Ϊ򽣹ڡнļ塣
ӷӹڼ򵥣ֻΪӣ仯֮һġ

һǹ̳һԲοնˮƣǹзָһ÷ιӰճظ
÷֮ʱһ䣬Ŷ䣬ÿһƬ궼ǹâ
׷꣡
һȣָ׳ƽ֮ʱͬɽ﷢ӴҰ¶
һĪ赲ơ
д̳ǹâ䣬Ϊ̻ٶ̫죬ѹѿγضĹֶΡ
ֻҪ˵ıǹ֮ǰͻᱻ÷лɢ״
ңǹһ֮Ǿһǹ̳ǹлԲǹҲ𵴳һȦȦӰ˿׻ṥη
ִֺóϸΨǹƣҲѵˣһǹ̳ʮѨȻΪ׷ǹ
ճĦֵǹһмʵʮֺ档
׷꣬Ȼжƾһ÷ǹʽˣȴԲ㡣
ոתճ֪̾Ϊܴˡ
÷ǹʵֻӡ
ֲԼǸ񵲻Ƕ󷽵İͻƹǹţǹâ£вܴ
ǾԲǹ̵ıɱһ
ǶǹȻŮʮŽ˫ƣͬ
һһһһأ˫ǹת
ǹ
ճֻ֪ҪԼһӸ񵲣ͻӭǹƾһ
˼ݴ֮ͣ£Լ»ԸС
ǣΪʲôҪ񵲡
⣡
ճɫȻбָĳͻȻʧ»ˮƣ潣ߣһȻƬ÷Ӱһײȥ
ưôУһâƺȫʱ䣬ͻ˿ռ䣬ǹâ֮ǰƿҪ͵Ļ꣬󷢶˰üġ
ÿĽ̹ҫѿ̾
ԹԹռ֡Ժ˫ĿԲ룬̾һ
ճһʵ̫ˣҲ̫ùۿ˶Ķǡ
ĽԽŽƳެ飬Գ̣ԲΪ÷ֱָ㡣
ġ⡿һʽǰֱֱڿл켣
÷ǹʽռ䣬޼м䣬ֱָзҪ
˿ޱȵɺϣ·һˣҪü֮
ǰκ赲ʵӲ˵С

ͻɫ䣬ķӦҲǼ죬һҲ˲ǹܵǣˮ㣬ӭ˽档
Լֳǰ
ûõġ
ճЦһ񣬴̳ĳ磬һ΢΢ݵԲȦһһ£žһǹͷв棬һʽǹͬ߰࣬ɢ˾
¾Ž֮ǹʽ
ǹߣβһߴ磬²ù
ͷӹǱܡ
ճӺߣгƺѾƮ
Գᶣ֮䡣
翣ȻԶ
ճƺδƺ˽
ʤϲƤֱֽ޷ǾǱʵ飬תǶǶģԽʮ
ǣƽƽĽУճʹȴ񹤡
ÿһǰֵܵĵطҲĵط
ֵ׷ǹʽһʽ⣬һʽƳУӤ㣬дڶֵ֮С
ǰǹཻһ˷֣ʤϲֻǸոտͼüĵ۵һ쭳һѪߣͻĺȴͻأĳһϸϸѪۡ
ѪԽӿԽҡҡλΣȻԵ
ճһûбǹס˵ֻס˽棬סǰ˼ѹ
­ٽȡͻǹ˳ƻնӡ
սһǳɣҪƵ⾳ǴռȻ
ѳԽŽĽײΣٴ̤һ
ʤϲֻΪնͻһ⣬һʺѪٴλƿĻԼǿϮ
ûֵǣƣճ¶ɭ
ûʲôߣҲͲʲôؽԹأбɱ
󣡡
ʤϲʣзէͻһŽз籩⣬˷˷ɢ
ţ۶Է˵ãԼԳɸֵĽƣԶ۽ǰ
Ⱪ罣ƣϸ꣬ѾΪʵȻ֮΢֮׷ǹɱȡ
ɫǺ죬һϸ㽣һȥ
ڱļӳ֮£Ľ·ֿ֣ٶȣǿĵ㡣
ϣһӶǰ򵥣佣Ƿűǡ
ۿǵнٶԽԽһϲǽ籩ӵϹԹεǿһ㣬гǧƬ
ϲ䣬ȴֶճϲ֪ʱ¶һ˿
һͻȻƽͻأԾĳһ֣Ǻͷĵ׸
ͣסա
¸Ӧͷһ˿뵡ûüӦ;ɽϪȪ
ǿȥͼϴȫԭأһȺ죬޿ֹѪҺʵҲԼ䡣
֪ʱԭнʲôʱ򷢶Ĺ
ע벻ס
ƣԳ֮ƣƳ籩֮ơ
ճƣ׳ġ򽣹ڡɡ


1085 򽣹ڣ
ճսʣӭӱϴ񣬽·ʬֻĻ󳩡
ʲôоܱȵһ֣¸ף
ԶɽХĺȲһŵĵѪζЩѹ֣ĵɢ
ֵصĲʤʶĽɫ
һ̣㡣
ջ˵ĻãɱģҪʵߵݡ
ع飡
ﶯ
ճǰһڣͻص˿ռ䡣
ʱҲû˼ۿ˵ıˣȫаУǲϵΣ
ֻǼ͵ľ˳Ӫգƣ塣
Ѫͷص
нʣʵֿԻó簲ıǮۺֵ֣ϲһ顣
һսΪֵʵǿϽĶ֡
ټǰ˲ܻʤʱӮ͸ġ
˿ڿഫڼ̵ʱ֮ڣĽ͹̾ʹϽȫӿȥ
ôһ̣ӿͬ
Դճ֮󣬾ûڼк콵ĸоˡ
ۿŵƬҶӾĵǴ֮һϸ϶ճ΢Ʋ̲סʼ塣
อϴ˻ľ͸õǿ˸費⡣
ĳ֮£ԲϾ壬ֱƿϣ塾ա񲻻Ĳ˼龳磬õ޴
زճ绯ߣȻ¼ʮ˶ӣҲ
ӹһѾ޼⻹߾硣
ʱ仹ٽһǱ㹻ϵĲ䣬ܰǰƽմﵽʥĵز
֮󣬾Ϳǧ겻֡
𲻷٣ˮ
ŵҹӵ
ʱڴϵ伮֮ʱճһЩֻƬĴ˵
˵Ĵ֮һսͼ¼Ͳս֮УҲǳʼ߹ӻ֮أĲɡ
ǧ֮ãǰŵ⡣
ϧǣ˵û֤ʵ
ճɽ֮Ѱûҵ˿켣
ֻ̾ϢԼԵ㡣
ʱ޵УʵĽҲûʲô
ȻôҲҲҲͲǿ
ɹ۷壬뵽ʥ壬ϵĽԪɾͱ׳塣
ճúܶ࣬Ҳǰ
֪ȵ֮󵽵ܻã
ûнǸȦӣҲϸ˵ֻ֪׸ûˣԻϺܳʱ䡣
λ׸֣˵Ѿ˰˰꣬û̫ˡ
磬Ϊһżʱʮ궼ѳһÿһλﵽ˾ˣܻķأ˸ǡ
Ӹ˵ףͨʵѾͬһ
˵ȫﵽ˾ģҲֻǰٶ˶ѡ
׳ܹƾΪԣΪȼ׼
ڶȴǳɣԪ׳Դڶ츣أΪɡ
ףΪС磬Ը㣬ԲϾ
ƶ硣
ƺͬʵʵ··
ЩճЩԶĿǰֻŰԼĽǰƽһ
໯֮󣬾ֵƢˡ
ƢΪѪ֮Դ֮⣡
⡣
֫仪ڴ־Ϊ˼ҺΪѡ
ȼգ
ճĬĬ
ǵƬҶӸոճ˳±ɽɫӿȥ
Ƣڹ⻪
ȵƬҶһգƬҶҲŵȥ֮һԺвһ
Ƣ֮һɹ⻪ӿ֣ǰ⣬̹⻥Ӧ
ճһ𣬾͸о˫һޱȺصĸоͷ
գһһȥ
ֻ޲Ȼڡ
Ȼ󣬾;ҲЩϸ΢仯˼ά̽˷̽ⷶΧٴһȦһ˼ͷҪӵմء
𣡡
ճָá
֮ԶһͱƮڿС
ԭǡ⡯ศУһͻƣҲһ껨֮һѿƺŻǶҪ
־ĵܴһأԶܲٿһЩСѾĸо
־
ճһָǰ˾̽ˮһ⣬糤
絽磬ǳȣʵض
еĸо־Ƣ໯֮Ҳ˳
⻹ô
ճ˷ܵ˼һᣬԼĸоͻȻ齣ʣƽ˵ꡱһֱ֮ϡ
ˡ
һ졣
ֱƤһһȻȻжͬʵţƤһ㣬ûиоʹ
ƤĵطһۣȴûƤѪת֮ͱɰ׺ۡ
һСᣬۼҲͷ·ûпԼ
ˣǿȥ񲻻ＰͻԽԽ̽ʵ
յĵ·ǽ壬ѾԵסͨͨĴ֮̿ҲƵһǹˡȻǵסֵıиɱϰȥһջƾֹԿȻ𡣡
ֻϧԽ棬˵ľԽ
ճӣֻƬҶʧ֮һѱòȱϸС̾Ϣһ
Һú滹м
Ȼһȵߴʯ쾪ջ񵽹ˡ
ܻñһ÷ʿȡõ»ҪԶΡ
˭Ҳ뵲סҵĵǶ֮·
ŲĵƬҶӣճҧ

ճӮ˱ʱϽʿʱǳ졣
Щעߴϵõ׿㶼ˣֶһЩ߿޺ŵӰ
һЩʹ¥¥׼ЧϹͣһ衣
ȻҲһЩ˶עѺճϣʱ׬һʡ
˶Ҳδһ㣬ǰվ޻ѧԺ֪ճϸͬѧҲû˿ϰǮͶ档
߳ʮ¥ңӭ濴ϰһ仰ǣ߾ѧԱͣͣ¥һףϲ¡ޣϵ죬ܲп͹⡣
ǣ糤Ӧ
ﻹȥ룬ȥ֪ͨѧԱɡǿѹסϲɫ
ճһսǻϽһпܹʶȫһϣȻǰ滹һսʤ·˭Ҳ˵׼Ժ᲻漣
ǰһû˿ӮϽλɢ˸֡
һһֲ˼أߵһ˭ҲҶ϶
ʱգԽ£˭С
ϽѧԱ֮гôһӰ켫ΪԶӴԺϽҲܵõԴһȨչʱڵˡ
ȭͷϣػصŲһʱͻȻʲô
ԽܲЩ˹߻ժӣɵ÷Խֱϵ죬һַܿܺ±ɻ¡


1086 ָףһ
޻ѧԺ
Խ̨ǰĻǰʧ¥ߵ˶ХĺȲʻƺڶߡ
ѧɫӣŲš
ĽмʣȻ΢ЦѪЩӶˡ
Ӻ˵ĵȻ֡
ǰǰŪʶ˵ʲôճϸΧܾܿͻֳԭΣһ
˵ϽߴһճҪǿһЩӸµƷԷ˲ҪøԶʵʡ
أ⻰˵˻ûжãճѾɱķѹϽڻ
أͱ˱˵˻ıСˡ
Ƕ˵ĽһҲˣֻ˵Ǹ˿ˡ
ƫƫǰ˵ʱͬѧˣǸССִ㻹˶ľ֡
֮ûпģֻ˼ˡ
ʱСüë߸鼫õģƶʱо޵ݡ
վͬѧǰʱ޲ߡ
̫ˣ
Ʋ˼һԭ򣬻Уǳ̹ҫ̨Ͽʼˡ
Ͼ޻ѧԺ似ָܸߣкֵܴ
ѧΪʵսϣԹϵƣôλָ
ʵϣһ棬ȴҲ׷ϳ̹ҫġ
Ϊλ̴ָλʮ˴֮࣬Ϊ޻ѧԺºͣǱдһλָϡ
һλܺõ似ʵսʦһλɫλսʿ
Ҫ֪ʲôλ棬֮󶼻ŸֲɲȵΣգܹڶʮ˴֮֮ȫˣջѾݡ
۹ʶ似ȱһɣ޻˵ʮȫ˲š
ôһˣԱĽȻŶ֮Ҳ
٣Ҫ֪սʿճôģ
ҪԸָ֣
֪֪ˣս
ƶϽһսȤͬѧҲͬ˼
۾֪Ρ
ⳡ˵ʵڵģûп
Щֳ̫죬Ӱȥ޶ˣж켣
ġ硱͵ôнµģǸǿס
ֻÿ籩֮УâͻȻ˾ͻأˡ
վŵľճһˡ
ǳͻһ㡣
̹ҫɤţЦ֪Щͬѧûףⲻ⡣Ϊÿ˶óԼ־ͺ׷ֵܣֳ֮ʱܴﵽĲ㲻ƾ磬Ҷﵽľ硭˵ʵڵģҲû̫ףȻԺԽ˵ôһ¼ʶ
ֻ˵һ㣬ǾǴұǵģͬѧⳡ֮УԹѻڣʤǿ
սսƵУڻ£ðջɱҶٽռı仯͵ϵһ˿гԶ̴ȵɨ֮ǣһչǿƴƴɡ
ʱʵʤȯգûһ˿ʤ㡣
սʤսԵĸհԶ
ʱֻῴõըɳΪӮң˳˳ˮȴ˼Ŭÿһѡÿһνˣʮǡ֣⣬ǻ۵
ԣͬѧǣϣܴⳡ֮ѧһЩʲôѧ似Ҫѧսǻۡ
ǿԶһ룬Լӵͬѧսڱս֮УʮΧʤмΣ
̹ҫ˵úǶ飬Ҳид
ƺԼһս
ЩģЩźġ
ʮȥˣܻվ̨ϣ˵սվ˵ġ
ڳͬѧڣȫ˼⻰ʡ
뵽ǰǶ̶ʮ֮ɱճдıΪӪɱʮִͷβûжٻ֮
һȥݺ磬ʵǡ
һƿصĸ߶ȡ
뵽Ҳɵһɼ顣
Ҫո׵İһȫչĵ·𣿻᲻ᱻԽԽԶ
ܲȷ
ǰǵѪڵʫ衣
ὣӹ꣬׹ɽ񾪷ɣ
һ֣ҡ
һǧӵ׳־顣
Ϊ벻ϧѪƯ֣ѡ·
Ժûж˵ʲôֻӷ˸ʽеľϸڡ
ȻûдﵽǸ磬ͬѧǻֻ֪ȴ֪
ûϵЩһֶ֣֪֪ʵҪ
ߵһñ˶ིҲףֻһӰˡ
ƣϸϸһᣬɫͱüΪѿϾ亹
֣Լճԣ£ҲȫûаջܶԷ
ճսʽͣľꪷߵͬһ·˭ʤ˭ܣȵʵٶȣսİա
ƫƫ⼸棬ÿһռš
ܿü۵һԣߵ˧ƣҲûʲô˼ȥˡ
һֱһݺӰǸԭˡ
ͻȻ֣ԼǰԲѵȥ۶ԷѧƷεĲ
Ѿһˡ
˵ճǸ߸ϣâɵ֮ӣ·ߵһҰݣһɽ
ĬĬĬĬή
˿ƣٴеı飬ĬȻ
֮ʢľꪣҲѾܵѹǻǰǸ˻ɫ𣿡
ܿ뵽㱣ͻȻɺԱֻЩͻΪ˵Ľ㡣
۱ǳһƾͻ
ܿԱ֮䣬ͬѧʵԺͬѧлô˴Ρ˭桯ͷ𣿡
һʳȫѧһƬȻһֱر⣬ҲͲõش
һǰԶԶԼһȻڷʿءƸȨֿɵãӴһ̤ᡣ
ԼȻѧԺѧϰһЩ֪ʶͼܣԺ͹ڿ࣬Ի΢һ
в࣬Ԩʵƣɥ
оڳͬѧַ̬ĵ׵ƣЦ˵˵˭Ҳ˭һ˫۰ֻҪ¿๦򣬿Ŭѧϰһжпܣ
ͻȻЦԺҿոλͬѧˣ˵ͬѧǰԣ޿ܻùھΪһսʤˡ
Ŷͬѧм⣬˵˵
ЦЦ
ǾҦϲ֣Ĳһ˿ռ䷨׸ֵѧ콣ٿ죬з򲻵֣ôӮ
Ц


1087 ָף
˻һѧȫƵ˼
۹㡰ĺ꣬ϲְ
ơλ
һ˵첻ҦϲֵĶ֣Ǿ˵ԼԶ
ڴˣʵڴԼ
мһ˼
ûʱʱСƮ
˾֮ģ·˽֪ˡ
Ǳ˼ǣҲμûʲô¡
޲ʲô˼ֻǵ˵Ҳ˵ˣλҦӳ棬ʮһ޺ۣɱ˲Ѫĵزܲʤù֪ˣɣ¿Ρ
Ժ˵Ҳٶིתͽɢ˴˴νΡ
ϴЦ⣬ȥ˵䣬ȴλСҲת뿪ûж࿴һۡ
·ǰ˵ȫǷƨһ㡣
ƵɫתΪףûع

Թ緹ճúϢһᣬϸζⳡս
ȻӮд⣬ǣڱ֮УȴֵԼѧϰĵط
ǡ籩꽣׷ǹϵսɣȫԼĽ֮С
򽣹ڡγɣҪ¼Ϊһ¯
ʶԽ࣬Խ
ʵʵڵǽֹ
ɽ֮ʯԹ񡣡
ʶ
ȫƾŶ෽򽣵
Լϰõռ乲ֱԴĽдпΪ֮
ֻһƤëҪֻҪڼϰܻԽԽͨ
롣
˼䣬ǰĹٷ»ӳţͨټϢ
룿
ճζһʣЦˡ
·ɣ
ӳľֱϽöȥ
ο϶ǺϢص顣
ڹٷ۵ĻԱ¶ƫϸ£ᴫ˵룬ǿ϶ǡ롱
Ҫ֪Ϊݹصˣһ㲻ãƽȡ
õķ£ճЦ
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ʤָ߲ʧʲôûС
ͨʮλǰճʵѾµλʲô뷨ˡ
һϺ꣬Ҫͷע۷ơ
һΣݺݸһҶ˼ٴϽ
ճЦþһֻ͵ֵĺꡣ
ʱףһʱһʱ
ȨѾ仯̬ȵȻҲøű仯
ȻͻСȥ

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ճո³ͼǰѹѹһƬ
ʮ˷վԴ
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ʹ⣬ſӰζһλŽۡ΢ֵͻȻ֡
̧˹һͣδЦֵܼܵãʵϽ֮ϲ֮ڷ衣
ճͲµԼ˴αȴҲû뵽ͨĲõŪôһ
ֻһ£Ц͸ӭӣĳҵţ
𣬵ģֵ˴Ͻָտɴ
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ӭһǷ񻨣һһֵܣΪ׸һ̬֮ȥ˿ɲˡ
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λߣϣõϽλ̽նһְĸ֣ɫҰܣ룬ǰͷһԾͷ֪ʲô
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ܲλλܵӰҲġ
ڽϴ󣬾͵ŮӼ޴ˣһپһĹϵ
ΣֻҪ۾ϹҲ֪ͨճӼֱױȣͲûѧŹһͷ˫㣬Ҵܳӭ͡
ʲôһʿݣǾǡʡ
ѾϽΪ״֣ԭ˷ŵ̬νˣ
ҪȻикô
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ȻУͨɫһɵþЩ
㵣̽նӳһְԭôϡ
Ѳ۹׼⸮ְλȻ۰Ͱ͵Ͻٸ
΢΢ջҪڣͻȻ֮ǰ˵ĻţһΣҲҪ£κβҪ󶼲Ӧס˲ţȻøۣҿǱǿԶǾþ֮ˣֻܽύãԴƿϽкô
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ȵõĺôһӹ򣬸ֵһᡣ
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ΪʱԼҷ˵һԻҲ˸ͨǰӭ͵Ϊ
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ճȻŸͨԲԲ֮Цºͣ٣Ҳ档
Ҳδ̫˰ɣ
ֱǰȫӵԼϣƽ¶⣬ΪΣ
ճ죬ҲĪ
ɫڵú˵һ㣬ǰɴûȴҪɻġ
ճͻȻЦȻ˸ͨ뷨
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Ц֮ճҲϵ˵Ȼ˳⣬ĳӦǲʶ̧٣Ǿ͹ˡֻ۳˵ǰͷһĳܻ⽨˲Ҫѣþۺɢ
ͨ΢һ˿⣬һճЦǵȻϷǰˡ
ν⽨ĻͨҲˡ
ǰλЦݲˣʵͰ۹׼˱ȫͷѰѡʿΪ֮
гһ˽ԼļԼҵλ̽նӡ
ı߰
Ȼ˵ûСߣԳ֮
Ͻûлֻкô
ճߵԽԶͨõҲԽ


1088 ָף
˵ͨ£ȷճϽõȨ˵ġ
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Щ˾ԭõһЩ֣󲿷Ƕˮƽʮס
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ճϸһᣬֻҵһ
ܼ˵Ͻ䲼Ͱ֮ǰʵͲ˵ˣʵףȼλĽ׸ȫˣΨһʣһлӨʱҲǱ
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Ҫǣ̫ƯˣĻüĿ£ŮôԸģ
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ԣŻϽɢ˸֣Գ档
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ֿͷճòϣ˵ûëġ
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߳ˬس˵Ƽλи˵ˡ
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ȿȡͨɿ豭һڣԼΡ
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лӨһ㵣ЦеĵĿ˷һۡ
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ǰһͼӺߴ߸𣬺ݺײڴǽ֮ϣۿɼٶ
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׻˵˲˲Ҷ̣ǣԷոξʹԼ£ֺԷ̡ҿӣͱˣ׼Լ档
޲ó齣ʣֹǵеֱ֮ϣȴоǧôҲ鲻
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ʮһ֮ʱµ˱ճɱ˸仨ˮֱڣܼ佣ı䡣
Ҳ궯֣Ҳܸᡣ
շһճ̡
ĪƺıԸСӣš
ҧأֱ۷Լҵ̨Ľڣӳ˵ǣǶӳ԰ȷӦó˵ʵڸôǸˡ
ܻȻʮȫĿţＫΪ졣
Щӵſһû̹
ճׯ԰ʿܻŸȽʩл԰СŮ԰ˣԵĺõط
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ȻԹԵóˣ˴Ǹ
һٵķ£ţЩȴǸЦ⡣
ճȴһݣµһ˿裬漴ϡ
۶Էʲô⣬ջҪʵ
ֻϧǸثֻҪҶ֣ҾͰ˳ִɲзϣֵ˳ӣöˡ
Ŀ˷һۣͻȻЦ԰ƽ²󣬶ˣ㱾Ʒжö
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±Ӧ
ճɨڳһָֻۣºͣǸʵֵ㡣
ҲǸˣǰôƣӽʱԼ˵㡣
ƽ⣬̫ͨˣʲô˶ʸǣҵġ


1089 ָףģ
һȨ֣Уճ֪ʲô
ס԰֮󣬵һǰòºͲֿ½˹ԣ
Ȼͷ֣ٸŵͷҲֻǽʵȴûжˮ
ҲǸͨԸأܣԲݡ
ԣòгָ֡
һֲǺԴѳģ
ճ˲֪õʽҪʮλµнˮ֮⣬ЩճҩġʳҲһʿ
⶯õģ˵ʵҲֻһ۹ҡ
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ҲǼһ־ڴˣһжǰģҸҲûɣֻͺá
˵˵ʵʵȲߵģȴȫ̫
ճҪóһĵزʱҪʮ㡣
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лӨһ۾ȰôûΪӳҪΪԱı˵ߵȼҲܼȰȫ鷳ġ
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ճ˻֣лӨȥˡ
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ΪҪģճ治ôϡ
ܷúãܷзչǱҲġ
ŸͨȨԼаҲرһǡ
λȥǰһ֣ʵǰĵˡ
˼˵񾡣ء⻹ûʼ񣬾ѾŪֶˡ
ͨҪĲһԼ̽նӳӣҪʵһĿܡ
ʿģȫǱݳ˿ġ
Ȼ˿ǵҩǵʹУҾ̡
ǰǷҲû˹ݣܴӦǲˡ
лҪӳȥ˵˵ûĲܣÿѲ߾ȥϰ似ôߣ
лӨĿЩ˽£ζúܡ
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лӨִ֮ʱҲûһ˿վһߡ
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͸оڼסЩƣҪҲǶڷ̫㣬ȻȻûض
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ӡУǼһһȻʮֵ꣬۹⻹Ǻܲġ
ǵһȷԼԽŽĲ㡾ߡˡ
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λհ׺׵£мλ󿧣һЩ½˵Ҳ˵Ĺע
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֪ҵĽˮƽڵλҪǰǺηʥϵֵĻȡܲء
ڵһĹȻ
ճһȥͼҦϲֵ֣հ׺׵ĵǣ뻯Զڿռ϶Ϊܣ£ûа취Ƴ˿Ըƽ֣޿ʤ
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滹¼һƵ
ҦϲִʮʽһӶ鵭һӰӡ
ƾɶԷṇ̀紩ݣȴ򲻵
ѡѳλӰһƬ


1090 һҶĿһ
ճһ㡣
ֵƵ֮УȫҦϲֵôһ£Ҳˣֻǿ죬쵽弫ޣÿһѹե˳
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ܼʶ湦գĽƷҲˣ̺;˵һʾ޴Ƹ
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ףҲλԼǰ棬ճɴȤ
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ܵ˵˿ճĽΪԽԽǿ
ȴǱû˺֮ˡ
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ճķлӨЦ֣ҲΪ⣬һʲôˣ£ӦȥˣûҪҳȥվ̨ɡ
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ҲǼճ޹˼ɵͨԼϴ΢˵㣬ѾٲΧ
òӦ᲻Ͻõʮ˲òָɣһ뿪ĶûС
ճ͵лӨһЦˣλ񣬲ȴǸŮáȥʣ˭֪᲻˼ʲôرϵ
һճֵŮã鷳һβ̫Ӧ


1091 һҶĿ
Ů
лӨ˵ģճЩȤѵͬѧˡ
Īϼ
ⲻܰĪϼոշֿܾãһղ
ˣǹúܡ
ճȥͲġ
֮ĹϵЩŹ֣ͷ꣬ġ
ΪС̨̫ճЩС£ôȥǡ
֪ʵֵĳɬӲǲȥˮȴѿ
һСˣڿûʲôܵסĳ˵֮ŭ
ɻ󣬸лӨһãճͼһ벻Ŀˡ
Ȼ
ճԼЩûȥվˣһϽ£æʹõһЩ飬ڲϤλ棬ûȥӦ
ΪãҪǵÿʵսС
ʵϣʮѾ
Ѿ£ӽƵܶȵ򵥵˵Ѿͨˡ
С㣬ϡϡĥŹȥݷãû뵽㵹ȹˣںȲ衭
Լܶ࣬˵̫ϵദˣճЩˣæЦӭǰ
󽣿пȥ簡˵棬ã˶ڣò֪ôʵ
һۣü֣ƺӡ
һ͸˵Ůճܲ
ɲҵ棬λŮǿˣʮͷ˻δɻ飬ǵ͵ʹŮ꣬ǲá
˼Ҫˣ϶ǱŽżĿȥģͲȥʲô־սֻʮ࣬ƶԷֻǰԼСѰɡ
Ц̸䣬Ҳ߸ŵˣͰжŵһϸľе˹ӮϽһҪ۹̨ҵ͸׳УǵöΪǾ氡

ճӹľУо΢΢һԼĪʮģ˲²⣬ûй˳ִ˿
һӳճһ
Ȼһѱ
⽣ͨ嵭࣬һգͷԶɫâ˰ҹĽʣĺɫ΢壬ĿȴΪҫۡ
⽣£ƽʦŷľƷ泤߾Ŵ磬߽ëϷնࡣҪԼãܲԲӦĽ֡СŪ֣Ƿ˲˼
Сã
ճתͷȥ˵һƲСӵĳˣԼʮ߰ꡣ
ż͵Ĺâôأ
ԼгϢĺһ㣬ѧԺʦ˺ܶµѧ
Ŀ֮еûʲô⣬ֻ΢΢žӸµĸо֪ˣǹġ
Աߣվһɫ۵ĳͷ
վɫһֵ룬ķɫչ¶š
ûܣ裬ΪԽִ£𷢾˲ţѰҺӽԽ죬ѧϰĽŹκһ飬ԽּСãҲСĹˡ
˵øˣƣƺڱʾԽſ㣬˷ܰɣɣҼ밡ôôʶأ
磬֮ǰ˵õģֻǼλ԰վž޴ὣ֣û˵Ҫ˽ܲôµ𣿡
Ȼá
ճǿǸϽվϢϢصġ
߻ݻദãҪԷԽţҲת´ʡò
ոյһμ棬ͻˣ̬ȲܳϿңʩһ㣬Ͳˡ
Ŀճ¶Է
ճЦЦû⡣
κҸоܺõĸӵܣ̫֡
ҪԱ˳ŵģȥԽš
ΪѧϰΪ˱µס
οȫԼȡ˵ķ벻ϡ
Խžˣʵ˵ɣ˴ε۹ĹʿڱصãԺҪæŽ̽նӴλ棬ûʲô˼ȥԽŽ޵ġ
ԼļչҪģҲԷſֽŴһ
˳ɼ±˷һ
ڣλƿһʵϴ󲿷ջϽͨģֹԷǰժӡ
ȻҲǲֻҪԷֽפôҲġ
ңջԴҺͷҲϽġ
ôﰲȫҲ˿˳
ڹٸҵֻŸִţ׸ֳҲܳסһʱ̡
һȫͬ
˵ļȻãȴǼҲһӶ벻ˡ
һˣǿ뿪Ǿͽбѣ׷ɱ
ȻɵĻʵҪѧԺûʲôҪˣջҲһЩǶѧѡλ֮·
ɵͬʱȴҲʧ֮ɡ
ѧԺУʲô˶ԼϷ߻ӣȫȫûжٱϡ
νճŵ˵ģͲôʺˡ
ճ˵ʵȷġ
ϣŪ裬ֱӸ߶ԷԽûʲôԼǰ;Զ󣬾ǰ
ɫܾʣЦǿסˣùʿС㰡εֺܶģȻ㱻Ϊλѡ֣ʵҲֻ򣬵ġ
ĳֵ֪ԽžλﵽĲ㡾ߡʮӵܲμ˴˴αǵĿҲֻܷȫǰʮǰĸͲ˵ǵ۹ͷʿˡ
㻹ᣬֻһûнԽŽ޵ľѧԱĶʽطûѧȫЩҲż



1092 ѿ
˵һͨһЩɸֵζ
֮ǽճʵʣҪˡ
һھѧҰ·ӣײ˵Ĳ㽣ȥ
ϲԼɲʲô¡
ԽҪϸ񣬲ôߵѧԱ
Աλ۳ͷʱתͷ˵ˣԽĲ㽣ʵ㲻ʲôֻ˵ոͥʱÿһΪѡϷӳĽ״ﵽĲԲ˰ʱ䣬裬Ĳ㾳꣬Сɣ⻹ɵ֧š뿴򽣾Ӧǰķûҵɡ
λǣ
ճоѻϷɣôһ˵Ի֪ôԼˡ
һԣһԵ͵Ц
ճ̲סˣھλţƺͷݡ
Խܲ³Ϸ󣬿Ǽʲͽİɡ
Цŵ
Ŷԭˡճˣλġ
ʧЦλĳԴޣĲ㽣ʹˣʵڲȥԽ˷ʮģ¾˰ɡ
ԷȻûʲô⣬̬Ȳһ㣬ҲֻϰԵ԰ˡ
ճصֻ˵ɣû˵ѾԲﵽ߲Σŵͷ
ܣ򽣾ãѾˣ˼ʶ࣬ӦǸˣԽϵͳô׽ģ
һľгƺ˴ϡ
ͻСɣŶ죬ֱӴɣЦɡ
־ͳ䳤˵һŪˣ֣ʶһĲСɵĽźε
Ǻ˽˵飬ֻ۾ţţ֣Զ֪жٽġ
Ҳǽÿ궼ս޸ֵĵ·ϵԭ
ΪԴжһ˵ͣһС
ͬһͨʹֻйоأľʹȴܻΪ棬ƾһз
Թߵһıȴûʲô̫ĵ
޷ǾʱԼǷʺϵǰ档
˵˼ʹһСšǰ̣ʹһС̩ɽѹȻͲʺϣҲϰģ
˵̩ɽѹȰסšҪ
ճֱ֮չֳĽڷµϽߴɢ˸ȻաɱϳĵĲ⾳Ҳû취Чֻֿ˵ⲢһĽ
֪費֪
ֻƵûҲ۹йһ㣬ֻ뵱Ȼ
Ϊճᣬͻľͺǲڸεͻƣǳ롣
ҲԼλ磬˵ճģȻĪ
ճھ罣ͻ֮ʱһ۾š
˲֪ƾ˷㣬ռĽʲô⡣
ѧԨԴԽŸλʹõԪݷʶΪ϶ῴ
ʱѽ˵ãԽ̵սҲ֪ǿЦһ
һҲԶԶ˹ôһᣬҲڴǰĽ̸ȫǾȡ
뵽λεӳʵǿܻܿдǰ£ȴû뵽ľȻԽųϺ͵ϵӵܡ
һ־ڱصõУǳôչʾдŮʲô£
˱˼ֱˡ
˼ǿѹͷļʷ꣬Ҳܵõ˿أĻ
Ͳͬˡ
˵ˣճֻ޲ðӦ
ôõĻ㾹Ȼϣȥȥ
ճϸ˿裬λ漤ߣЦãҲԽڵϵӵܵĽľСɣ÷糤չʾһԲ
гһ٣һڸڣûǺÿԣ磬糤ϣǿҵĽǺǣСãôûȤ
Īıֶɫ΢΢䡣
ǳϣǴ֣ԴСȥһδŵõվСȽ
ɣҲ±紵ͷ֪ľʲôӵ
Ȼֻǲֱ˵ڵġ
ͽҳӵģֻۺεĵȸȼ˵ɡ
Ҳá
ճ˼ͷϳ֣Ҳû취ġ¡Ϊϲõֵ˵룬ֻʮֳֺġ
΢΢һ񽣷棬һö
ýСˡ
᳤һҾǰһ˸ʽ˵ǿͣ롣
ȲˣճӵΪŪʮֻ
Ϊ˴ӵܵӣԼСһţͻӽöСӻͷźҪԽˡ
Сˣ
沽һǰ壬µ㳾ˣ͵ճǰߡ
гˡһʣ죬ͻأֱ̡̽
ٶҲܿ죬ܿȴͻȻתŭţһɢŤ
ǱֳԼ΢
һܶʼӽԶִԶ
һ̳ǰһƺһˮ̶С

мһ֣֪ûС
¿һ־ƤһִӵĽҪ
ڱ֮ʱճôֱûŪԷĽﶼⲻĽ
ΪϽʢġ硱ɢר˾ͻϮӰ¶ԽȻԼĶؼ⣬Ҳڸλ֮һɨǿУ񿴵һнƷԲ㱸ƣȴǸоΣ
һҽӲסγ֣ԷƣΨһҲֻʹǿӲƴһУ˳߷ΧΪԱ
ǣܲÿһͺ˼ɣȲ˵˵ٶܷȵ˼ǰĲǿ֣轣ĿƣԻճеã׷ǿ׶༪١
߷Բ
ϿһҲǴΪ⡣
ľСɵı־εУԲתϾ̽вСϵл
ƭԼ۾ᱻС󵼣һȦ޴ڵĿȴ
ƾӦԣԵ·ܵ⣬һôҲӲıо
˵ѾɽףСһС޷ˡôӦ
Լĳ룬ճЩŲ翴һλôµС
ò˵кôҲл
ôǣճֵÿһЩҲû˻
ǣô˶Ľܸߡ
ŲҪճǺȫԼȴȻڡ
λԽŸţƴˣԼǰһеģĲˬ
Ҫչһ½ߵԼף֮򷨲ڣֻԽشʶ΢
ЩŻ͡
ڴУճûǰӲһк󳷡
Ƶзϲ顣
㲻޷Ҿƽ˾ѡ
ۼһƷճһͬǣꡱһҲƣͬһֱ̡
̵һ֮ʱתŭ绯ʵʵĿоȻ

һڶУǣѪ
˶ĲƬƬѵϸ֮£ַǴǲǲѣĳѾΪƬָ׸ǴСƬ
˽ഥ˶һϸ΢˿ƣ˷ѿ
´֦辣һš
ǿб˵̽вˣЩ˿һ类Ƶһ㣬ͻȻɢһɾܼ䡣
нѣƺûӦͱһǰ΢΢ǰ㣬ɫͺ죬ôҲƲס
䣬ճ½Ѿľ࣬Ц֣Ҿ˵˰ɣСɵĲ㽣۵ԽԲȴ˼룬
㡭㡭
촽ţֱۻأǰ̽Ŵ̵ĶȻȻûн
˫ãȻȫ֪ôӦֳ档
װƲɷ˰
ԽŵϵӵܣҪ̵һѧԱɣԷ̵ˡ
ճЦ˵Ż˫ĿţֱҪڵһȥ
ˣ̫ˡ
ø֪϶ýҡ
ͷһƣͼԼСһԺ٣ȴԭǿЦ⣬̵üΪࡣ
ѾͷһǴ뿴ҳ
֪СӵĽΪȴҡ
ˣ˵ھͻƣĽΪû˭Ϊ糤
ʲôĲ㽣׶ΣҲʲôɽ
ԣոһЩŹ֡
ճһ÷£һʱûת
޴ĳصվһԹۿķϿ
ͷڵĿźϷųڳ˷ȴͻȻܿռȫ˸ƣġ޷ˡԲȦԷһ˸ɸɾ
һԼÿվĴһȫ
һһ֣ڿաѿագСӣϷˡ
Цʵ糤ϣô˵۾ľӢѧԱɣҪָָ
ѾͷͻȻԽܲһҪվ͵ɣĵ鲻ֵܣдиˡ
˵أԭص裬ͷҲؼȥǲ˵䡣
壬磬㰡һлû˵ء
е߰
棬شﰵСħŮ޷ˡ
ʮˣСƵģר²̨
߳⣬ͣŻعͬ˪һ㡣
һδʵ̫󣬰̫ܵңð죬żһ仰糤ϣС̫ɺˣȻȻ
Ȼһʹˣ𣿡ӻǲǻ룬ΪʲôϳһһӣҲһܣ
ǰȫûԽŷء賤̾뵽ǰ棬Ȼʮܡ
̾ϢҿǱ˴ɵ˰ɣѵĿһĻȦռ춯ʲô𣿡
ڿգѿգһŴ͡
ߣ㻹ûĺͿֻýհԼһ̾ˣѿյûﵽڿǿ϶ģѾʵսϣʱֺ֣ƿؼΪ΢
˵ҲûȤ˵ȥˣԽŰɣСѾ˴ԽŽ̲
Ϊʲôһ仰˵תˣԭⰡ
ԼǶ֣Ƿ³ûõȥ
뵽ǰԲѵȥָԷ˼ȴĪ


1093 ǧʶһ

ֵòУԼ³Ϸ󼱴Ҵȥ
ԼĽ̫ãϽվҲһֱ²ûʲôɼͲԽܲӣ꣬ѾЩȥԽţǰϽġ
ԸΪģԼ־
صһƿһȫִ
ҵǣϣճͻȻ𣬲ΪԼҫͬʱҲϽվʡ
ⲻԽܲסˡ
ճǰվƣ˵ʵǲ÷ֵġ
ǣܲˣôҲ裬ճıԽŽطջȥû취
ɺã豻ճһܵϢУͲ˽š
ԭܼ򵥣ԽųϷδ軨һܿó
λսԽŵˣеһЩ츳ˣǽֱָ
ټԽţʸ̵˻ûС
ȻԽԪΪ׽׸֣ǿͽյģҲʵʣôЩԽŵϵӵѡϱңΪ״ӣû
οͽճҲûӦ
˼һ˵ţ׵·ָտɴҪͷٰһʦ
ٶȿ˰ϼ㻹šڿաַճ֣ȴƿȻշģĽ
ڿգʲô˵𣿽ȥû˲ɵˣ˵Ө⻹ʲôòûѵСݹ١
еġлӨЦЦ
ճոǷͷҲ˵ڿաʣӦǺ˵õĽ磬ѲԼĵġ򽣹ڡԽ֮ѭ
˽ôãֻһ˵ۣȫԡ
´ԭذΣԼϸխãȻ
ֻƽʮ԰ĽȫܸԼȫкԺС
ҾȻûôģһȦôһ£ңͻȻֵѺô£
ӺһͷˮĵǼһãȻɵľ͹ˣԽҲ̫ǿӲˣôһ仰Ҳ˵뿪أȫЩ֮˵·񡣡
ѵûλϵɫҲΪѿȻûаնԸˣˣãǾֻš
³˵
һᣬʲô˼ûˣֻǴŵأ֪Щ鲢ûз

ڿաѿաաǽĲϵĽ׶ΡĲԲ֮򽣵ȻܿռʮУռ𶯣֮ʱԪ֮У޷ֱ˴ˡ
¶֮ɫƺԼԭĳĽ̵
ճȻ֪һ׽Ԫ⡣
ֻǸҲû˵̫ϸ£˶̫ںһ㡣
̫Ķ˾ͻᶮ˵ƴ죬ûоǲ
ãճȴǶġ
Ϊʥ磬ѹƵ£ò
ǣòȴھѾʧ磬ڴ»õĸڴ˷֮Ȼͨá
˵ڿգճǰ֮еһ־硰˺һ˵ͬʵͬһֶ
ȵϤ˷Ĺ֮ĸһһӿͷһЩ΢ģ֪ȻҲ֪Ȼ
ѿաأʲôľ磿ճЩС
һڴ־ʵȻĲ㽣Բ㽣񾳵Ĺɣڿվ죬ǵĽ򽣵תḶܹ́ýƿռ䣬ȻҲܻޡ֪ģЩ棬ĵ˲ֻʵ幥иֵķʴƾͨǶԸ˵ģѿĽͿһС
ǳ֮·
Ȼôһ£˿ޡͻҪ
ճȻ
·ȷ
ǸĽԼ˵еĸ󷨡ⶼڡáķ롣
˵ǰǵӲô߸༼ǵ
һ̨Ҫп٣ӲҪΪȽ
һ˵ȻҲˣֵץֶҪӲ
׵޾磬һ㽣֮Ҹ׺½𡢹˶豻Ϊڣʹȴܹóƺš
Ϊ˵Ľȫ㽣񾳣һͨʵսӦλͻǿࡣ
˵ЩԺ
Խ¼λԽճԽϲ֪Լڽ޳ϰﲻʲôæ԰ʱԪ̵ĵεΣͲһȫ˵һͨܶճûá
ԪĽҲȫ˵˳ĳĳλʲôļȻѧʲô˵֮Ħǧҽڻһ¯ֱͻԽ׽ףס
֪ǣĻճİҪ
ճĽѾԼĵ·Ψһģֻܿű飬Ԫͺֵý
ǧҽԳһ𣿡
˼·ܺãҲѧѧ
εõ
ܽǰʮѡ֣ȫŴУɲ
´α֮ʱͲ̫˷ѣÿһ֣˾òźá
뵽ճЦˡ
ЩѡִʱǾ֣һļܾ
ȹĦٻܡ
ճģҲġ
Ϸؽֽ渦һʼһսپսóϸŮʮŽӲǽͬʹĶĥвſܡ
ǶԷѾûǧС
ųһλõѡΪöˣֵĵʮףճʮУ˼Ҷ۵öżһܶ֡
ʱţǰλѡֵԽԽ죬ںԽԽߣճĵλѾ
հ׺׶Ķսȡ֮ӿֳһЩĲѡ֡
ڶģʵҲǽġ
ʮչȥû֪ǣճоƬ֮м¼ҸɵĽǹꪷ༼߰֡
ÿһֶȡ侫ӷ֮һԼĽ֮С
֪ģճĽһ˱仯


1094 ǧʶ
죬˫17޻ѧԺҵóΪԽŷ֧Ͻվ羫ӢѧԱ
ص㣬ϸ徫Ӧ͵ѡ֣Զ̰塭ȱ㣬ɱ㣬ټѪȣδʵս
츳ڣԳԽŽĲ㽣ߡԸȣָ꣬ǡ
һֵĹٷƷ
˵ɵ۹ȨרۺϿٳõʵۣвοֵ
ȻҲר˵ʲôʲôϰڰһбƿԼУȻҲ෽˽֡
ֹؼʱ̡
ֻҪӮһ£ܲ۹ǰʮ
ˣϰԧŵһ䴴ʼǱΪͻ׵񾳵춨ģڽż
춨ĵĵȻԸȴǸֱçײ굶մ֮ʱ֣붨ԽὭһƺš
Ȼһʽҹüն˶ֵһ۰ȴҲһߣǣѴ˾ͻصϼ
ʮȥˣ춨ȻתΪһӰ죬ѽʱ
ʹˣ͸ɴȥ׳־רĿͽսӵܡ
ʮǰݣʮ꣬ľɣΪϣ̳ʦһ˿ʦδ룬Ϊ۹һԵ̤׵ĸ֡
۱ôڴԼȴ֪֮ġ
ԼܹԽǰˣ̤е۷壬ֻϣһıֲϲεʵ档
ĬĬͣԼ˵ʲôζ
ʮǰһ׷߿Դɽһֱŵɽ֮ϡ
Ҳǿĵ츳²˼ԣȻȻļ޸
ʮȥˣΪɢ˵ȻλһЩ죬ʵϣûгΪӣҲûе¡
ֻǳΪλĬĬܽԵһǵ͡
Ҳ̸ϣҲ˵жôҫ
٣³ʱҪ֮Զ
ƽ޲ȥļ飬ʱǳüչ
ѾҹЦˣ
ĬĬš
ҲֻҪʤһ۹ǰʮлҫ棬ڵ۶һϯ֮أӴ˸ıˡ
ûڵ飬ôһ˵ʵ֮ϣôҲƴģҪǰʮȴǴϣ
˵˴۹˽ȣһѡֽǰʮͻõ۹ٷãܹٷξسǾ񡢷ɣʱҼңҲС㣬ҲܷĻؼңٲȥֽۡ
˵Ż۾⡣
ʮ꣬ǼһЩ⡣
ܸһǰģܲƷʱ֮λǼ⣬ҲϢֺ㡭
ԼҪ˶յڻУһ̾˺ܶ顣
ټ̵İҲܲסʵķ˪ʲôʱͿʼıأ
Ѿܾ˰ɡ
˫ѾһЩβķݴȴĵ˵ӮģǰĲ˵ǰʮаա
ǵģаա
ƵϿλʮὣ֣˿ʼϽһʮ֮ʱйޱ֣븴֮ȴ죬Сĵѡһһս
սʮλѡ֣ȻȡȫʤȴһֱĿӮʮּѡ
սʤսѾúԶ
ͬĽԶȲңֻǳĲ㽣ѣսʮϣſ׼һȫֶ̽ûռơ֮ʱͬ˽֮ھȡʤҪԧĸҿ֮ڵ֡
Цմ죬ĴΪѡ֣ҲʮֺڣΪ£Ҳ˲٣תͷרעڴҦϲ֣ǡˡ
ܵڻеѵõͻأһЩ׳־
䣬˭Ҳ˵׼תģ

ڶ磬˭桱ֵ峡
ص㣬һСʱֵٴ
ɫʯ£ˮ
еĿۺ컨꣬еĻո۰׻Ƕ䣬д㣬һ
һװֳֺᵶᶨһһ̤ͷ
ԶС·ƽҰ֮УͷʿӣȻһִԽʱ롣
ֻһ˲ոմ漴š
̧ȥһˡ
һݵĮݵİꡣ
ʳʩʩȻĲʯš
컨ǰƮˮУӳ··һʱ
ϧⲻѡѡɻϼʤ㡣
о֮ǣԼĶ֣Ϊ˫ˣŽϸ徫λ
ǲ֪ҵԧ˭ļϸ壿ܵסҵĶУ
ֻһԷͰ
ΪûиовԷһɱʤ־Ѫɱ㡣
ԵͲεĶ֣дȱ㵹ҲʲôֻҪ㹻߳Ϳֲ
ͬӵо似Լʤ֮ĲУɱǿͲȡʤ
˫죿
ҡ
ճЩ죬λָЩͬȴǴһ˿˿׳ΰɱˮӿ
ʤĺǿǴսپ𣿡
ϧôѡ񣬶һ
·꣬ĪǷǣǰֻ̣еƴߵ͡
ճ룬һ䣺ֵġԧն񵶡жУ
ʲôһʮ˵̫࣬ұ֤㿴ȫ
ᡣ
ΪǰʮΪҫѾȫԸе̽ͻжУһֻʤ޶Լ顣
ճЦЦȷ̫࣬˾Ͳ˷Ѻܳʱ䣬ԧ绨֮֮ӯǰʮϧʶһվһЩ覴áɣʧ
ã²󣬿СǾͽһ
һƮһ֮УӭŶ´磬Ǳ紵ķһ㣬βȥ
һƬƣһֻ͸Ų顣
ΪΪԧ죬̵ĸ
һ֣ɫʯ֮Ͼ͵һٵ⡣
ⷴ峿ͬһ޼ʵĳӣʤգȻСˮӲıȥ
࣬ɱ
ֲ൶⣬ճЦˡ
պǵĹ߶֮һȫϯǽһΡ
ҲûʹŹֽʽϣһչʹ̳һƬǹ㣬˷䡣
ޱߵ֮УԾţ֯Ůе֯һž
ԧ콻
Ϸԡ
ĵⷢζ
ʦ춨˵ǰ㣬С֣ϸ΢ƣǱ˿
һһȵԧնﵽ󣬾ͻγһִݿĴˣǰʮߵ֮ɾһУųն
Զ޽նն
š



1095 һ֣һ
˵ĵһֻֻѷĺճ˴۷䡣
ͬĿϸ壬ͬľʾס
ֻǰ߶Բ߽˿ֱ߽
һ󱬶Ķ
ʼʱ棬˺潣⵶ʢһƬ˷졣
ƽ޲СˮҲ֮һȦȦˮơ
Ӣͷ֮УɢһƬƬۺ
Ǳ紵һ꣬˵ĵ⽣⾢ѳɷۡ
˼ҵĺǲɻϵķȴִݻΨ͸Ųпᡣ
Ҫɱɱ
һڵʿŶʫ̧ͷһȫ󱻾ŵһȺˮѼ㣬ԴĴܡ
ӱũ򣬰еũһӣˮĴѾӣҲŵòҪҪԶԶ뿪
Ӿͻ䡣
ճרļ¼ԧҲɵð̾⼼ȷʮǿ
øһܱﻹܣụ⼼˲ãֱʶͬɫζУʵûʲôˡиģжȹ硣
ճидʲô񣬾ͻᷢչʲôĿƼ
ΪչԸλ棬ȡôõȻ٣ȴΪԽλĲ䣬һԤݡ
ˣܹõ۹ԴͶ룬ҲȻ
ŮʮŽһּĽ֮ʱΨƮݣ賾Ⱦ˿Ϣ
֮ʱ̣ľŨīزʡ
ճݽ겵Ľ˼ָ£Ž⣬ÿһÿһʽۡ
ٶŶԷĵ䣬ʼ൱
糯Ϧദʮʦֵܻιһ㣬ƾУ˭Ҳûռֱˡ
ճĹʼʩˡ
޿ײĹԷ㣬ƵöһֲԼȱݣȻˮƽӣƽѧڲ֪һʦ
ȡ֮֮
ѧ˿ұ죬о裬ճһΪϸ
컨Ҷˡ
ʵҶĽɫ
ֻݵùʵ˷ֲǼ١
Ҳж֣ЩڶΪÿһüѵԭڡ
ʵϣֺ컨ҶսУÿһֶȼճ飬١
ţΪ֣ճʤһС
ܱô룬ԼʵѾˣѾõ㹻ĺô
ԡ򽣹ڡҲ̡
ʱԼѾ˿ռӰӣеޱʵһִƺʱһնޣٽһ
ڹڻ᲻̾ϢһС˹ʺˡ
ʲôϵأ

ԽԽ˷ܣԽԽֻʩΪһЩͰԧմʱĻ˹ԡ
Ƕ԰Ŀ벻
ԧǰͷʱμǧ
˼˼
ҹüӰҡ졭ɣػ䣬ͻȻ׳Х
ʮߵڶ˼֮߳
˺УΪ֮һ䣬õ޺ۣŨתΪƽį
鵽Ũʱת
쵶Ϊһϡš޵ĵ⡣
·һֱڣַ·δֹ
ƸһΣ͵ճľ࣬þٻ
ǳߣеߣûüת
ԭˡԭˣһС˼ǡĵⲢǴ磬룬˼£ĭڽ
ֻʮδ̵ѧɻȻʡ
ôΪҵĴ󹦳һ°ɣҵ߻ͻƣҲһҫͼ֤
оâ䣬죬⿰ȶ֮ʱ
õ
ճ̾Ϊ֪΢΢
ֱֻ߻ŨҴļںϵļֵԼõ㹻Ľ
ϧǣҲ˷ѧ׷ģȫר˲ҵķ񡭡ɣ
ֵͷгһǰλϸ徫ɣͬ޵翡
һԽ棬һ̳
Ѫ⽦䣬Хװ

ո͸оһʹ֫
ǾҪֲľһֻŰ룬ȴôҲӲȥˡ
ǰϷ㹻߳ȴһȻֹ
ʧʹźӿͷ
ΪʲôҸһ֣
ֿӺеʮһյĻӵ
ʮеҾͰڵڶʮ˵ʱ̣ǰж֡
һ˿ǰһڣӰתͻȥ˸ռ䡣

ң·Ҳз꣬ңѧһС
ճԭأȥ֮մȾ˿˿ѪԺ֮һ̵źͱһȴӲ˼֡
̤޵յ㣬ͽյҡ
һ֣ݲð
˲˫ָֻĮճսʣٿһСˮһתȥ

һ£ֻͷȴԶ²β
˫죬ʤѩֱָ
մհ׺·ӡ
ڵģһֿʼҪĴճ
ϸķճÿһս飬㾳Ķ֣Ĳ㵶ɵĵˣǡôȡʤ
ˡ
ܹǿǿǱܲҲͬúˮĽ
Ⱥڵ۹ѩģһвϳǼࡣ
ԣհ׺Ϊλ˫ʵͼıڲ׾档
Ľ۾ǣλʮὣŸԶĸʵʵʶڣָǣҦϲֲС
ɣմѾԱˡͬΪ۴󿧵Ͳ˵
ЩûһڵǽͷˡҦϲֵӵ˵ġ
£ҿմὲ£㻹˵ѻ
һЩĵҪĹҲʼį
հ׺Ѿǰ
ӣʵѾ࣬ûж˸͡
Ϊķ̫죬촵촵Ǹ³ôŪȥҲа
Ͼ;ϣһЩ޳ܺյļһȻô̫ӣվǲϲġ
ճҲֻ⿴˿ӣһЦ֮
ûЩ˵Ĺ۸кƷǱϰԺ
Ԫ߹·˵ûǧʶʶöˣܻ
Щ紺ӰΣĳһ˯ѣͷԼѾĵվһ߶ȡ
ּ尾мܶ
ճʱڼ尾֮С
оԼÿʱÿ̶Ÿ˼룬һЩ
ɾǰһ㱡ֽȻֻҪһͱͻ飬ȴôҲ粻ȥ


1096 һ֣
ǰڰҲҲӦ̫ļֻܵȴˮɰɡ
Ҳ֪ʲôԭ޷Ǿǻ㡣
κһͻƣҪʱ
ϴνͻƲãԼļһ̨ףҲʵЩ̰Ĳˡ
ЩʱһֱææµµûжٿУҲлȥѵһճӦ÷һ顣
԰ľɫе²һճϲ֣ٻԼס֣ϽŵŮϺɡҲ״̬ùʲɻ֡
ҲǲɻֻǲŮĻҪʵֻǴɨ䡣
Ѿ㲻Ůۡ
ʱʱƮԹĿ⣬ճʾȻ
ڱ˿ճСңûҲӦ˱ź
԰˲˵Ҳһ룬лӨȡЦ
ʵճԼ֪Լ£ǲϲĵʱʱ̸̿ţ̫һ㲻ã֪һЩء
ʲôȤ
ŮϽʱ׼ĳ˻㱨ԼĶ̫ɨˡ
ø˳԰Ͼ˼Ҳָɣûǻбˣչû
ԸŮ׼ߣ裬ճ
УճˣԾڳرСͤУڵĴʱ⡣
һ˼һ½ʱջĬĬķ˼Լ
һһʼνڿҲǸ£ǿҲҪɡ
һ˶ã԰

ˣǰͤУ
ճ˼䣬
תͷȥͼԼϵŮϺɡһ˹
һ˿ãܿûʲô뷨
һλȥʮĳŮˣ̬ţԴȣȻþϡ
ǣŮ͸ǣ·ܿ£ƫƫû˿ͱˣһ׺ͣˡ
תһ룬ճŮ˵ݡ
ôȥŮˣҲʲôϽʵҲֻһ˶ѡ
лӨŮ˵ߣǺЦ˵
ճɫĵͷ϶Ĳ²⡣
Ȼһ˲ţԶ쳹۹档
˻δ߽ЦĿޡ
ﵱԶǰĳδԶӭʧˡ
ճ档
ͨ˽ϼһôһɫķˣҲʵϱӻ˸
˵ʵϽΪˣճʵôۡ
Ϊ˸ֲһЩСܳµˡ
׸֣ڵ۹Ÿ߹λҪһʮڣȴˡ
Ը񣬸ʱܻܿʱʱĳһЩ״
һλ·ˣճɻȻʣԭôһŮһ԰
ԹܳɴߣӢ㡢۲ӵƷʶҪҲҪ
ɴҪˣҪڣǴǾ̶ˣôҪʲôƷأ
ճʵ׺
ôһһ˵棬̲סϲ
һʣټģĪ档
ͽ츳
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Ȼ˵㣬Цȴһаˬ졣
ҲճкһƨԣЦЦȤҾ˵粡ϺѾͷô͵òĻģԭⰡһ֪ǲֵˣԶ־򡣡
⻰ûë
ճǲԶ־䱻˲Ҫĵ佱
⻰Ҳ˵粡Ϻɴ԰вûж⡣
˵곡滰¾ͷԸӣЦΣɴǰʮϽõһϲ£˱ҪٿΪأǹؼʱ̣ޣʹաΣҪ͵ġ
ճҲû룬ֽ˹
λ·˹ȻЩлõϲ£
ǼǵԼʺһֻд޻ѧԺҵϽվ羫ӢѧԱûϽʲô¡
ŵһƢҩ㣬оһŵϢճڽļ٣ԵûԾ֡
򿪺иǣճһ
Ҳ̫˰ɣϵѩΣ˰ݵ֥ĳãǴ繦δô˼
˵Щͼˣһ˲˵һǰʱĴҩģȻĽףϽȻ̫ԣ֧ҩ͵óֵģ벻Ҫƴǣǿҡ
æס⣬漤ߵסճ֣̬ϿУƺ񣬾ͻġ
ճȻֱгԲ
ŮһҲ⣬֣Ͳ¸ƴ̳ӡ
Ÿͨ޸ãŵ֣᲻ʹ
ðɣǾͶлˣҩ裬ʡȥʱ䡣
ճεӦ
Ըһû̫õķӣ򲻵õġ
˵˼ģҲûɶ¡
Ա߼˹ŹپܾȥŮ˾ͻᱧԼޣǾ군ˡ
ʵϣ»ģһ裬İ̡
Ѿͷ԰Ҳǰ£ҶȻɫƯŮҪļ
һᣬ¾͸ȥͬʱ粡ϺҲˡ
ºзִ磬ճȫһ˿֮ᷳġ
֪´ŮӦȫһ϶ûң˼һ̷ˡ
Ůɲ̫ңϾһȨ˶׷硣
Ůеôˣûа취˭ԸԸˣһȣ
ͷһ룬ϽƿߣӴȦӸԼЩһЩԼҲпܻס
Щѩκ֥ܿͿͻĽϽݱǮµÿ㡣
ճźǼҩģ˼
ӨЩɢ˸ֵɼˣ
ô
лӨ֪ճʲôϣڴɼõҶ˵֣ʤϲ׷ֵܵˣֻǿ˵֡
ЦǷ£ڵһԽŽͣ˫Բֻǳһͱ˴
ԭˣ䴫Ÿͨûˣңܿܶ;ҲӰ죬֪Ļ𣿡
ֻ֪˵ǳԵ۶ңźı;أҲ
˵лӨɫ࣬˵ϢˣӳµûЩĪĪ¼棬ÿζǴҴһûж̸
ʤϲҲ鷢ƺΪڴ˴εܵĴ̫Ѿϰֵܵ׼λ棬ĳͥڹϹŽż׼ȥԵ



1097 âէ֣һ
ǲҪ
ճһ죬Щɢ˸ҪλÿһζҪƴȷǴѡ
Ҳ˵۹֪жɢ˸棬ʵĽս
ֵߣڻԵܶදɱӯҰһ磬۹ٷҽֲûȡƣ۽˾ͿŸɢˡ
˵ҲɢлôУ壬ջ˵ʧ
һСľ궼Ӳ
κ鶼бףҪջ񣬾ͻи߷գҶ⡣
ÿ궼һЩɢ̲סջͶУ߳ɹʧܣƾҲֲ˭
ôʤϲ˲δºĪҵ飬Īϼ˵ڿ֮УǺ¡ƣ̫ˣȴǲҵ·񣬵ʱҲҪŵ㡣

ϴҪôһʼͻزͷȥˣϽ޷ˣңĲöԸĳأǱĪҿɻסǡ
ôɫȥˣϽȻȥֻҪɹȴܵõôĪҵıǺܷḻģң¶ǵǰҲżô

ӺЩɡ
ôܻܣֻԼԴ鶼ϡͿģ·Ȼȴδλ棬֪йŹ֡
һε¿λõĻˣ밵һ˼Ϊ򵥡ĪҴˣǵطУֻҪѧһЩƤëҲǴпΪ
ֵʲôԴأҵģ֪أĪӦ͵֣˵ʱЩôҿɲϴǰȥðһķգҲһûָɣܵܡ
Ӻҧ˾ģͷãȥ׼ϴȥɣ˴£ΰƲһԣҵĻʲô뷨
ȥɣõ
¿ӺȥıӰһ˿⡣
Ļᣬ˴ΣԺҲûгͷ֮ˣ죬Ҫ֣͹ҵ·ˡ

ԵϽվͬţĲɵĹףһʤ
һ׷ͷЦ
ĻϹӰѡֻδ볡ϯǴģҲ֪жڹעһս
ԽܲǰվѾһս˳ȥʱǧӵȫɽϣһսʮڴ
˵ԽŴԣԪһ¶Խ
µӣһܳǰʮӮһܵõȫǰģԽ˵ҲһҪ顣
۹ѧʢֲһˣпǺǿĶ֣˭Ҳ֪˭ĵʲô
ԣһεĵ۹£ܻӿֳһЩâҫ۵ܽǰʮѾܲףοǰġ
ԽȡõóɼҲֻе
ȻΪԽŴϣҲΪһǰ˳ģǻԵúû
˵ǣԼͽȡʷԵͻƣ˳ľһְϳµ峤Ͽȱ
ʱʦͽ˾ƿԽŰڽɽ
ʲô£༸λҲùԼ
ͷ£λɫͺܲÿǶϣ͵͵ס죬ԣǸ죬˵Խӵܣ
˵ǾѾͷյľӢѧԱûаԽţӶ㲻ϡԱһҲЩ졣
˵֪λԼû̫עľѧԱѾɱǰʮǰˡ
ʮ꣬Ĳ㣬ȫʤսôɫˣôûŵģöڸʲô
ϸо̧ܻͷ棬ͼλ³̬죬λһãȻһλȴǽĻüͷ壬ƺʮ־ᡣ
ʦֶΣˣôײأطס·˶һЩᰡ
·ǴĮ񵶣طӣ˴֣ȴһҲû˴С
͸˵ˣָǣ½ӣαĳ֮սҲ֮ս
ȷ⼸Ȼʤ㲻󣬵Ҳûһƴ֮ҲпܻӮ
ǰʮҾϵĲʵѾ˭ʤ˭ܿǵơ
ǣʲô˼
ѵ糤ΪǸվľӢѧԱȼλϵĶŻҪѲ
ˣϴҼǵȥϽ͵͵ƹСΪͽˣûҵˣͬ⣿
һѾʼˡ
󶼲֪ô˵ͽɷŵûĻԽţ˶ô˼˵ڣ
͸ԼãЩ¾ԼĶ
λһţǴԣɫѾЩãտڲԡ
ĻϹӰ˳ǰ
һԼʮأ㡣
ֳֳüʱ΢΢Щϲ⣬ǳ棬Խűɽϵѡ
ЩôµĳǶ֪˭Ϊɫĵӣ־ǰģôܲĶ֡
óɼȻϸ
ҲֻһСᣬ֪ϽվľӢѧԱͲôˡ
ɴˣżֵġ
ֵʵȥ˽⣬Ҳ޷ԣ̸̫ʤա
ͬΪԽӵܣһûн뱾ɽ޵ѧԱǻĸëߡ
ְɣͬһԴ֪֪ףûҪ̽ϣܶҼУúÿ㡣
浭Ȼճ롣
ȷˣ˴ʱҲûʲôܿԣѧҲѾѧòˣǾȫԸ
ճͷǣͬ
ϡһʡ
ʦ֣ҳˣһеС
ĳɣ˲ңվѧ裬лỹԽ죬ǲ;
Ͳ˰ɣϽͦģʱû뻻ط
ϽҲ˵ͨȻʵǿǸҵѧ⴫òʲôôǺǣֹʲô£ˡǰζôܴǲġ
Ǻãʦ֡
룡
Хס
ˣˣʦֵĽô磬ÿμľ
ǵȻ˵пܵγϣܲǿ𣿡
ϣܶ൲ǶĦʦֵĽգѾǰ֡
Ļ˳ͬʱʣͶӰƺɱ漤䣬ЩӸɫһףĵĺ
λȫԽԽ㡣
ֻǰνʣոƣһѪսǧζĵס
ϸ΢Ц״⡣
ۡ
Ѫէ֡
ǵһѪȪ˵ӹ


1098 âէ֣
ôܣ
Ȼ
ֳžһյһЩζڵأȴûһں
λͲסȻԲ˫ۿĻе龰Լ۾أԲš
ԶԶļǧӣ˷Ҳ˲гڳȫƲס
ʦѵ⵽ֳһôӶԷ˼ҲǴ۹ǰʮѡְɡ
Ӹƨûʦõķʽ֣̽ʽɱУܹŤˮȻĲ㽣ڳ֮𡣡
֣첢δĲ㽣ĳֺͨģˡߡĸӦȦóʦûӦ
ʲô۹⣿ѵûһ;ʧٴγֵʱѾ˳ʦʺ
˸ɿ
˵ʵڵĵǿ
ͬʽͬĳ֡
ȴ˴۾һ֮ͷĻǸˡ
ĽХڶߡ
Ľͣճǰ紦СۻδֱճгȴѴʺ
˾Ҳж񾭣ȫֹͣ
˭Ҳû뵽ǣǰȫΪһľѧԱ֮졣
з
ãһ죬գƷһŹһĴ̫ʦϣһƾǰ̴輸֮ϡ
ˡ
輸֣³ʯ档
ȻˣҲۻ軨
һǿףЩǣ˭ס
֪Էһգ׽񾳰Ľ֣ôҲȳı߱ܿԣ˵ǰܴܲȥٲҲζڰܵѿ
ʧӰԶҪӰ쵽˴϶ԽŵĲ֡
磬˶սѰٻԵϣһܸһԽŵһЩȨ
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ô˵Ǵϣǳ棬Ҫûа취
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ǰ˵潫ϡͬšʦ֮ʱŻ죬Ҳģʱٴ˵ʣȴɬ
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ĬȻ󶨸ĹȻʧ


1099 Ϳ񵶣ϣ
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1100 Ϳ񵶣£
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1101 ˫Ѫϣ
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״һɫøˣƺݺһץץõʿ֨֨죬̬ȴǽһЩ
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1102 ˫Ѫ£
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ڼ˵ʱԺ𡰶һʾӰӿԺǾᴿŻļзš
ʮ֮һʱ֮ڣѾ⡢򣬾Լϰһ켫
оƬѧϰܾһôֻҪѧˣĽŻʺļܣԲ˼ٶȣա
ǰڻɽɵʱϰõġ˫նʵѪͬʱһǲصȼգȴǵ屬ܡ
ҿԿڱٽ㡣
һջЩ
׶˹·ճһЦһɫͻأѪһƬ塰
˫˫ȳһʹ¶ļһƬ
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Ųݸҷ衣
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ȻĹ̫ͣ˵סͻᷴ˼
𣬵۳ŵأ̧ͷĿβסľ⡣
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·һЦ׵ȻԾһֻ޴󡣬巭ţ˫סתһն
Ȼ뷢ţǰ
ƺĲûƣ©ܶడ
ճʹ󳤸ߵȻΣݡ
˳֮嶸Ȼס΢΢ǰ㡣
ǰһʽͻ̡
ˡ
һâû⣬һ̳͵·ǰ
Ȼǿ콣·˵콣ûðƲˣʲô
룬·Ҳ롣
Цŵ࣬ܽγ⵲ǵ⾭·ϡ

һɫͨһƳ
·ϵն֮ǰȻҲնȥǹһ壬ƫ࿪ȥ

žһ졣
бһѪ׶ǰ罦
˿ճ̳߹âֱ޿赲˿彣״ͶһͿ
򣬿ռ䶼һϸ΢Ѻֱֱۣ·Դ㵵ͷ­֮ϡ
Ȼը
һͷ
˶ԴһѪ

еĹϯͻȻ


1103 գϣ
ճһȻȴľѻǹҪͣ˶Ƥֱ
ת̫죬ȫû׼
·֮ģһ·˵ס
ʵߵͣһնȥ˾촷ۣû
˶Ϊ͵ѡʵս֮еһ©ȫҲõİ취Ӧԡ
ҦϲһǶһб޷Ƶĵơ
ٷȨ޶Ϊѡ֮Уҳһʤ·Ķ֣ҦϲĪҲһʤù
һȫĽ֣ٶȣǼɡȫĽԲǣԿ·Ĺܵסٵĺ˵
ϵģǸɫĮʮߵȴˡ
Ӳƴһٷһֱ֣ɱԷ
ȫûи·ᡣ
ճһɱУѪƽָԭ״վԭ˼һᣬʮֻ
Ϊȡ˰ʤһ
ǸоԼһδ̳⽣˺ܴͬ
ƺôһ̣ĽȫˮС
ٲǿһϸޱߵĴ
ǿ쵽Ϳ˺һѷ졣
ǰʲôһնϣ˺ѡ
˳ռ䣬һ£Ǵ·ܽ䳡ӽϰ
һᣬʧɫ˻
ǰԺһ⣬˸أ˸ľȴʧˡ
һӰͷȥץס
ֶˣȫҲʹķ򡣡
֪Խɣؾĵ·
µûĻոյĸӦþ֮ͨ·ڿաﵽѿա硣
ȻѾӰӣǾƿҲֻʱ⡣̾һҲᡣ

ճӮ˾ܣǰÿһսһ䲻һƬƲʣȴը˹
ΪʲôҲ弫ޱܵģĪҲǻʮĥȡ·ıʮơ
ȵƵ֮ڳĹھþò˳ԭ۷׷ס
һ¶Ϣ˶ɻ󲻽⣬в²⡣
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һʮĵս֮̾ͻΪһһģʽÿһֶҪãǵõ˼óб£һٻܡǰ̫⣬ȴҵǳˣ
һڶս֮ѧϰҼɣԼľС
հ׺ֱ˳˴׵ĲҪˡ
Ϊһ﷢ֻ֣Ҫճûǽͷݡ޳ʲôġ
ҲǣǵһճߣһѶԷΪǰѡ֣˹ڵͬȻճŵʱհ׺תҦϲ֣ΪʮֱɣʵǸճһˡ
ͽΪ
һ㣬մҲͲٹ˼ɡ
հټ֮Ŀһʤ
ʮ񼶽졣
˫˭棿
⼸ӣհ׺׻ϴ󹦷꾡Ϻ֤ݡ
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ΪԽŽĲɸֳ浲סһĮ񵶵ֱܣֻǽһᣬõñԭ滹ã
ΪԽŽ̫ˣѧȻ˷ʱ䡣
ܲҪѧϰĶԲӲ龢֮
ò˵հ׺ĴʵʵĽ͡
ɻ֮У˵ʲôĶУհ׺׺߳ġ
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ΪճѧϰһֱǵƤ£ٶʵ̫ˣѧϰ츳ˣҲҲˡ
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̨֮Ӱɽ
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Ҧϲֵ˸˸ʵʱȴӰӰȴԾܹΪʵ֡
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һ֮ûճѧϰ˵߶ҦϲֵĹ档
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ٷȨרƷҦϲΪյľ顱ΪѾֻ̤˹ھϡ
ʱ˭ʲôҲزˡ
Ҧϲ֣ճÿһÿһʽ۽Ŵ
ձĹ۵ǣʧȥ
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ܶΪճĽصĽͬһͣôҦϲֵĽ棬Ҳʲô仯
ЩϸȽճ˽ȱ㡣
ۼԲϤλʵʤһĽܻɽӣѹγʵʣѴĽ׽
ճأҲûŵ㡣
ڸ·Ƚ֮ʱó˼屬԰ߡ
Ǹ˱ȽһЩռϷȡʤ㣬ǸҦϲ־ȫûа취
ٴ󣬴򲻵ˣǸΣ
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𣿡
ճնϸϸţŹҦϲֲķλ仯һϤС
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ףҲ벻ףճʱ£ٹעϵרԼĽ
Ѱҵ˵㣬Լʵ
ܻԭʱնɱ·һ޷ǾĳЩûдɣһһ飬Ͳղˡ
ճһܺõϰߣ¶ĥ֣˸ôҲ¡
οΪ˾Լһ䡣
򲻵ˣƾҵ˺һδȾУҦϲѵ˵ң


1104 գ£
ң羵ƽЦľ㡣
Ĳ㣬һʵľ
һСӣĿߡ
ҦϲֵôƵ
ʲôľʸףС˺ϰߡ
һΣƺֻǵĺ棬Ϊһǰʵ赭д
ŰЦЦŮ£źϵĸ꣬ҲͷҿûҦϲһƤëˣʵûпռ֮ж˺ģϰմȾԣ߶ԿռżΪ̵򣬲Ӯ
˹㲢ûвμӱҲҦϲûʲôͻѵսһáڡϲ֡ǰ棿Ǻǡ
ߣƵǡףҵĽռ֮УܲƳˮƽ𣿡
һ٣ЦɵŮɴֱܴܲùҦϲֲˣôһȦӲ
ôɣռһӣվڰߣҦϲʱʱĻΪУռֻ˵ԽӴˮܸˮ򣬸̵㡣
ʵô鷳ʵףͻԼʱȻԿռһЩ⣬Ҧϲֵ򾳽ǰܹѾܲˡ
֮ǰʵڲض˼
˸ۣ˵Ĳض˼Ȼˡ
һ˼˵Ůﵽֻʱ⣬ȶ֮ļȥǡ
һ˼ǣ£ԸҦϲֵġѣ㻨Ҳûô

ʧǼһ֪Ϣ϶ʧɡ
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ôҦϲŹͬ˻Ľ۷Σûж֣ᱻŵƺĺĺأ
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ĺ꣬ϲְǵõ˹ϵģһЩ׸Ҳû顣
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Ҽĵİꪷôûȡš
ѧԺԽ̨ϣó죬ȴĳһ
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Ӧûҡ˵ڵ۶йһսʱԶͽŴĽ۷壬ꪷգѾһһöӶûӡ
ҡҡͷʲô˵İɣҲϽؽʲôõ˼ֻˡ
šһЦϲ׵ֲ磬ҶҪˡ
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裬û£˵öԣֻԳɰӢۣ򲻹ңʵûʸǰءҪ˵ҵؼҵĹԼŬˡ
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ѱѪڣʵҲΪʵˡ
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ʲôҲҵǾ޵Уôһǿ
Ǻǡô˵ǡ
գۣͦеû̫ףͼŮһܳׯ԰ԶԶһ仰裬ҳȥͬѧһᡭ

ֻüһͿŮӰӡ

һ̳ţ˸ʵС㣬Ҫš
ţ˾Ϳԣ¡
Ϣģû
һᣬһͣԱߣŴ򿪡
ϳԺﻹŸոϢ룬˼˵֪֪ˣ˵սʤһðɡ
ȥϽá
ȥ

ܺϣϽҲǸˣ˶ʶġ
˵Ͻˣʶ˲ǰɵ
ҪһСģλСϣмҲ
ˣһţæӭǰ·֮лӨ͸ϵˣЦŵӳ԰䳡򽣷˶ȥţҪСԼȥ
УлҲˣԸתת
ĴлӨۣ˫࿴˼ۣЩĽ
ת䣬ͼǰԶһͤͤһݵء
ҰţԵʮֿռš
˷ֻʱʱ޵һˡ
ǽ
ѾϤˡ
ιۿճıǽٲ𶯿˶пеǰࡣ
ûеˣѣõȫԸҲۡ
̧ͷȥͿݵϽ֮һ鵭Ӱ
һˮīֻд⣬дʵ£ȴ̫
һ轣ӰƺڷУУһɨûһ˿ۼ
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ţؿˣǼһﾹȻϼˮӿ첲ϼֻСڴȥ
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ռͬīȾϸ˿·
һõһն˳
ӨӨĽն棬ˡһϢĵء
ʲôôס


1105 Ծţϣ
Ҳȡ
Сĸ˵ƬΪǿ󣬿ĴܲԪ
֮ʱſƿſΣҵԼԣ߸ıճ
λҪͻһԵøΪһЩ
ΪˣֻҪ֮ȡͻƣͻŸԶǰ
ȻҲֻ˵˵ѡ
ΪλεĻᣬƽ˵һ¶ǻѡһȽ׵λƿռ䡣
˾飬ٻصΪĽ׶ˣһͻף
;
ơĺ֮ӣҲ˴㡣
δԪѹ֮£ǿдƿռԪ
ƶ
ճֻҪΪ꣬ͿԲס
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˵һԽǿͻÿһõĺôԽ
С֪ⷽΨԼҸһַʽͻƵġ
ĸȻŸṩԴҲǽһ꾭Ӫųɹ
вܴ
ֻҪ֮˭սľ
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ܵģѶ̫ˣҲֻǲҽˣķûֻҪƿռ䣬ͿԶԸҦϲֵĽ׾õģ
ǸӰԣ֪ƣһһޣͬʱһɼǿϼҲ΢΢ѿһʺѪ˿׾Өļ
۾΢΢ʪ󣬾翴˴˵׷յĿ丸ľ
֪ΪΪ֮ǲǣҲǱ׳

Сӿһϧ̾Ϣһ־𣬾ſкȰ˵
ովٲͼӰͣ
һֹĲ⣬ⲻ֮䣬ˡ
͸ϲȻʡ
΢΢һ㶣û׻˼ͼԶճһӽͣϹҵļȫƽ˳ʶȻһ䡣
ٲǰĺۿͣǱƮѡ
һӳ
ƮƮնռʡ
ûз磬Ҳû⣬ֻƽƽһ
֪ΪΣһôҲƲ
ֻý˿ɫ˶Ŀ
Ĺ켣ѭĳȻȻĹ켣棬ƾ档

˿ѷ
ߵ㣬Ȼͣ
һæסС졣
ȵķ֣һޱܵϸþͻȻѿ϶
ӴԪ˷ݣһ֦ķӡ
ǻӹĳǰǶһĿӣԼܿŭţ硣
Ӽ죬ռͬһ֨죬ƺһ̾ҪȻ
оһּΣյϢĵԤ̲סҪĺˡ
СѾͷɫʮ־ʣо̾вţ̲סһ
˭
ճһһ
ոһ̣ȫ˼˽֮УͶϾķ֪
˵ˣרκǰ𣿡
ͷһͼŵһ⣬ڵء
˫ڿлţòײվȣ̬Ϊȡ
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֪ոյĶڶʲô
ôһ̣ԼΪҪȫˣŲŷ֣һƿռ֮Ѻֻһżգʮ֮һʱ֮ڱ÷ƽ˾
ƺոһȫǻþȫûз
һҲԼǱӱƼǰﻹʱķ죬ԽԽˣ˵֮ǰռ֮ƵҦϲֵĹǳ׿ˡұǲǽȥѰһķģβˡ
ķճһ㶣չЦԭҦϲֵĹ϶ô˵黯ǲڿռ֮УǴ󲿷ֶԣ֮⵹һð취
Ҳˡ
߰ɣҹ˽ϵһ⣬ղײգȻˣҺȼףһ¡
˵׽סСۻС֣ͤȥ
˵ˣŮӲܺȾƵġ
һ죬Ҳճ͵ϮЩϰˣξȻûиоʲôףֻǾźȾƵ⡣
ճ֣ɫֻǺֲҸ˺ȾƱռ˱ȥͲ˰ɡ
ޣŸᵣء
ռ˼֣æС֣ûˣλɫġ
ЩȻŭ㻹ѣҺȾƣ𣿡
ۡ
һ˵һЦ
ЩûΪԼоΣû뵽ٴμȻͬĸоһֲ۸²ĸо
ﻷֻܲһ˾ס滹ţͨӵİɣ
ֻǱʽף̸ӡ
ճ·˾ƺС˹Ϊ˷ܵĴܾɫ
ƺԸոյһѾˣֻȻ𾪡
ճҲ
Ǻ˽˵ģҲЩȴ˵̫꾡
˾ٱ˵һЩѧԺ飬ϾЩ죬ȻƽٺȾơ
Ȼ죬˵ҪҪҲμѧԺλ濪أôȥоҪ㳬ˡ
˵ţĿճ
ǡ
ճЦʲôпҪˣͳ˺ò
֪СӲǿȻɷ羰
ôһ΢ĩǲСϱԶأ˵硣
濴̽ǲ˵ٻ
ճЩŲסæ˵㻹Ǳȥλ濪ˣЩΣգһһã˵жôͻȻ
ֻʣԼ˵ģȻôΣգɵСġ
С΢΢ͷ۹ƣ̸⣬˱顣
˵һỰɫճͰͳ⡣
ЩʧӰ˵ǿһЩλ֮ԱʱһΡ
ģ
Сתͷϲʵ
üлľ
ճЦЦͷȥɣˣȻ̾ͻã˵԰
ˣŲ¡
ݸţǸ׻飬֪ǲǵһ㣬Ųһȥλ档
תŲΪ֪ͷ뿪

¶ʮ壬磬ꡣ
ջҰĴˮ˵ͷҲճʪ͜͡
ǣ˵ﶼǻȡ
Ϊǵ۹˭桱Ĵӡ
Ҧϲֺ͡˫콫Ҫһۡ
ʤ߱ʿΪ壬÷أӵ˽
Ӵһ죬ǰԶ
߲˵һҲȻȻˣֻǱ˿ͷ̾䡣
ôôڵ۹ıȡһλɫ¡
в࣬Եơ
ʲôԾţǡ
ÿһôһᣬӮ߻Ϊ档
ڶһ̣ˡ
ǼԼ
ٱ΢İգҲгһܸıˣӴֱϡ



1106 Ծţ£
޻ѧԺԽ̨ǰζѧԺ֪ͨҿסʱ䣬쵽ŵ㣬˷У֮ӿѧ
ǰǲǺܹľʱȫһ֡
ЩԾ˫ʮֹעѧľռ˸λá
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ʱֻҪģ϶ѧԺϵıҵϵǺεȸ֡
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ѧ϶ϧճֻҲòװܿϧӡ
ͬѧ
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һЦΪĵģ᲻˵Լûͬѧ֮ꣿ
ֱǿ϶ġ

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λӵʦȻòǺأҲԼ˵ʵ
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ף˭ҲûǸ˵Լ˳һȡúóɼ
Ավ߰ͷƣҲ˻ΪȾҪǿ
̹ҫĻû꣺ʼգͬѧߵһ۴սӮ޻ѧԺĽһսҲҶΪʤϣã󣬲׶ʤܣǰÿһսռţվʤˣԣΪ޻壬бҪȥ漣
һ˵һЩͬѧѪڣƺȻϳľԼ
˸սȭͷԲ˫ĿŹ۶գ
ƲЦ漣ô׾ͳ֣Ҳ漣ˣ˵ûܻױĶڽеԽ죬ʱʧԽǿ
ܿԲԶƣֿʼðǣӻϧͬѧûвμӴ˴αȻʤҦϲ֡
⻰ûë
ۼƻҦϲ֮ϡ
յŮҲûʲô̫ӣ뵱ȻжҲ
ܿ⻰һԱЩͬѧ͵ˣͬѧμӣȡõһ
ۡ
Ҳ̲סЦ
оôôЦ
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ҧҧЦתͷ˵ұ˵ʵ֮УҦϲֵȷҵĶ֣֮УĹûܹԸңĺҲǴ򲻹ġȻͬѧû취ˣӱϾܴս
ܹ󷽳ϲǶ֣Щ죬߿һۡ
ûϵһﻰһתͿʼԼˡ
⻰˼˵˷ıʵֵһ
򲻹ñҲӮˣ˵Ҧϲ֮ûܶԸ⻰̫˰ɣ
Ŷָ죬Ǹ£ҵȻúúƣʲôҲ֪ģ
ϴŲ
ԸŮһζķֺûõģҪԼǿʵļʶ۷ѹȻӰӣܸõ
ĿĪؼ
Цеûɵľһ񺮡
ŤͷͲֻһ仰㲻Уñ˲Уɡ

վ磬˫ȭŹǸӰ૵죬һҪӮӮˣϽվ罫һɳ죬Ժ˭ҲҶµݲҵ֣
ܽϰһӮԲԣ
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ЩӱòˣʧȥԼжϣʱȫҸ
붶ţΥĸ͵
ͣݺݾȭȲʣɫͨ죬Ҳھ
ϰѧԱǲɲĿȫĿǵ糤ˡ
ĵĪλܵĴ̼̫󣬳ëˣ
ϣרҵڣʮоŸ˶ΪӮҦϲ֣أ

ͨжȲ裬ɫɲĻճҦϲԼ
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⵹Ǹ⡣۽УûвϸصܵõʿλѾƽƾʲôǴ
Ǹô죿òҵһ֡ͨɫ䡣
裡
º˸ͨһۣü΢΢˵ܰЩеûģⲻǻûսʤҦϲȻרۣްƵڿռ϶֮貽ү㲻Ҳ޵𣿡
ܾСЩаšͨû˵Լֱ
һμճʱԷƶţҹһ֣ܾˡ
ֱڣûף쵽ƾʲôֶεסƵذ۵ģûȫñҲͨӦԵġ
Щء
ͨȻͻû취ˣ̾ʤһʿ뽨̽նӣҲһʱ飬Ҫôһʱ䡣ŵ۹ͷϽãķܶĽͶⲻһ𣿡
ף˵ǡͨĿоһɴϲ
ֻԺҪһ̬ˣ¿ڵġ
˵˼䣬ҲûȤ˵ΪѾ纣ӿĻȲʣ
ֻҦϲԲͻȻãһٵӰӣһ˲䣬ӰܾͶЦס
һ־ǰٹҹУҦϲҪһ߶֣
৵ֱ壬סս


1107 ܷ棨ϣ
һһƬ߿ϵİ֣Ұ£֦Ѿ
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ٹҹѡƬַصأҦϲֵǺõ
ӰͿ̫壬߰鷳ˡ
ӽ֮ʱҦϲֻ̽ĥԼɣвƴʮֲóֵƣȴûϵֻһ֣ȫԸ
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ԺһñֱŹӰӰ´³ֵҦϲӰٿֽճĵľ̾һ
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һԼĺ󾱷縮ѨճҲ룬δ֪һȴûӭԤ֮еĹǼ׵Ѩ΢΢һ顣
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ͣ첻ʳŴС쿴߹Ȧһһţǻ𲻶ǧٻӰոճ֣ڹȦ֮б˺ѳһ
ԽŽزѾʺϽСߡˣҿĳߡ߶ˣҪ𣿡
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1108 ܷ棨£
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Ҧϲֵͻأճϸֱӻư£ۼžҪġ
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³ֽȻ΢΢ͷڳ˼
˿ȴǷϲЦ⣬͸˷ɫЦ⽥󣬱ɿϲ
ת

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ʲôˣ
ôҲһռ䣬ûйɭɭβҦϲҲǼΪơ
ûһ·棬ҲԼǿ̧ͷֻڵһת۾ѧ˼ҵĿұ죬ⱬõñҪ
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ֱָռġҲһѧᣬϻʲô似ѧ᣿ô˵ĵˣǲʹþ似һԸһı˵ĽҪˡ
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Էÿһ̤·λʱ仯ͬˮ֮ϣĵЩһʶĸо
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Ҧϲһֱ̤˻ĶǸ²Щƣֻȳͼɭɭģһ棬ҲȳͼǱͼ
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ճô£úӣ߷ȴѾϰʹѪ
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̹ҫҲǱɫ
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Ĺ˲Ϣ֮͸ʮɵķΧ׷ٶȱ࣬ͺκε
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Բֿ·Ц
ˡ
ոշͷͼǱ׳Ȼһǰռ䡰ꡱһ죬ֳһڵѷ죬һӾҦϲ鵭Ρ
ܵĿռͬľһ㣬ѿһɢǧƬ

һʹ
ſռƬҦϲŹԼ黯İͬڳȫɢϸϸĹ㡣
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ǰһƬѪۣһ׶
ۼܿļ䶯ţڷֹѪ㡣
Ľ²ԶҦϲõİƬ塣
λʶھġʱѾû˺ŹԵøЦɲ


1109 ̻ᣨϣ
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ߵĲǽ֮·վĲιߣܴϵƷҲҰÿࡣ
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˵˲˵ûʸҳ̴ʵ̲סˣֻ˵һսʮ־ʡͬѧǣת֪뵽ʲôΪ漣޴ڣһ̣˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô
ҲûŪһʲôҦϲֵĴѾ˿ռ϶֮УΪʲô컹ԽֱնɱأҼǵͬѧ˵¾ܶԸˡҲǿģ֪λͬѧ֪˵һ˵
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ȥǸŵȣʱȴҲ˼װģ
һΪλҼ̳ж˲ȴԭĿǳҲǿżİɣǲһЩ˻롣
ԺЦĿŵѧһڵʵܼ򵥣ͬѧĽ֮ԿƵΪѾԽĽ۷壬׽ĵ·ϣҲֲͬѧϾҲľ硣
ݺݵĲ
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ﲻ߽԰ıͣһ˿Ī⡣


1110 ̻ᣨ£
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һףǿʱᣬǸ칦ʵϣϽ󲿷ֹԱ˶ֻһһۣꡣ
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ţ֪ˡбճЦ뿪
ƺû̫⣬ȴ˾ӡ
ֻǹϴвĹΪʲôΣʾЩأ


1111 ޼ɵϣ
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Լ꾯֪֮Ӧģ˵ûжΣգȴͬ
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ֻҪԼһţ϶˵֮УڸļУҪʲôܣֻܹԹԵ˵֮Уǣűߡ

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һ¶һΣ˶ֻһιᣬ˼̫࣬ģĪϼУôҲ֣ǵİڡ


1112 ޼ɵ£
ǡǡսѪȴܸıԼˣһСӣֻӮ˱ͳΪ塢أӴ˳ΪˣǸ𣿡

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ͷǲȥ𣿷սЩԽԽˡԾԾԡ
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1113 ӻ꽭ϣϣ
ճЦſһۿֵĲûгʤ׷˼ƺֻ̽Īϼ塣
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̹ͬʱһˮĲֽ棬źͷ­һ˹ȥ
֨
һ죬ճķ飬ͷƤ͡
Ĥˡһ졣
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ǰں쳤߱ĥС룬ڷ˻
϶Ϊһóڿѿַѿռ䣬ȻǸѪɷ֮ɵĶٰѿռҲûð
һʼճûóԸҦϲֵĽǶԼȫ־
ǵ
δѧֻ֮ţ֮Ϊ־֮մһЩߡ
ʵҲҪֶ̫ΣԸԺĥ𼴿ɡ
ճԼɻġ
һնС룬ԼҲĲ١
ں쳤߱롭
֮¶㵾ɫ˻һصβһڣԶȴ֪ΣգҪˡ
ߣ򲻹ߣõ
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ƫͷҪϧնһ֮󣬲СҲƺ
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ÿһͻСֻ࣬ʣĴָСڲܣճ
ճü߲ʹâ˸Ǵ󺹣ȴǼܳߵĹǰؽӰ
⵱ͷ䣬Ѻ߽ʳһźںƮɢС
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ʱпջͷٿ¥ڴڵĶϱŮˡ
ֻǿ˫ĿԲɣϢȫޣƤŹͷѪҺѾȫʮֲ

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ĪԶ뷢ţ˫һľ񣬺ݺݵĴ
һ˿ѪòײŴȿ
˺ܴ˼ҵᣬǵ£ϧһ͵ʴס
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Īһ㴳˽ʵ
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ݼڣĪɫףȻŭŵòᡣ
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νλʱ򣬰߿ܴߣʱһ𲻴ĵطﻹǵ𣿱ҪʱԮ֣ͬ䣬Ӧܱһʧ
ǣסĪϳһ˿ϲɫСĽӹ
ֳأ
ĪͷȥεѪ죬ֻһȥ񷢲
Ҷ࿴æת񣬾ͿľʱȻƣƺڵϺݺҹһ㣬Ҫɢܡ
⡭ˡ
û˺ѿռһнСһطԶ־뽣֮УɱʱҪСһ㣬δɳ֮ǰһҵ䣬б
ôõԸһ޵̵ĺӣһ˺á
Īһ˿âϡ
ĪԶû˵ʲô뿪
˼ĪҴסȥкܶҪ
ճҪ׼λ棬ĪҲͬˡ
ΪҵӣŴĶطڹЩɢ˺ͺζġ
磬Ͷ̥

ɣ
ӶֽɫѿڵĺɢһᣬּԶгϵųƿڵ
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ȻӦԱҲæӦ
Цˣ£˵ȥ˶Եûаô
ճ֪¡
ͻ룬ұ˷һԴͬǹٷǾȻ֣֡
ǲǻл侮ʯ
úߺͷ֪͸鷳ˣ˶ȫжˣⲻǴ
ŻͻݺݵıһΡ
û뵽û뵽汳ŵͻȻСʵͷ߿壬Ѫɷ֮˵ֹʽֻ׸ֲõó
ţҪʣ²ǿӦġȥ֮ΣնȣԺصע׸ֵնɱҪ˶꣬Ͻֻһ񼶱ţԽ
ݡ
ͷһۣܡ
ʮ갡ڷʿֻף⻹ò˻
˱˰
Ҳ˴ΪɥǱ״ˡ


1114 ӻ꽭ϣ£
ֳճ̾˿˸绰˴
˸䣬Īϼѹ˵һ飬ʵһסðɣȥҼׯ԰סһ󣬵һ˾ͺð졣
ãһסɣʰһ¾ͺˣҲµģϾǵĹϵûͻȻסȥЩʡ
˵⣬ĪϼЩĬһᣬɫʮָӵʵһ֮󣬷ᰲȫˡʵȻƵڰ֣Ͳõг֣ҼҲҸһЩⷴǺˡֻλ֮пҪСģ鵽һѺͽˡ
Ͳܺͽ⣬ĪҿҪҵԣֱڳǣôܺͽˣֻΪϣ֣ĪͷûвһеգʲôϣûУ϶ԾݣͲᱧ뷨
֪ĪϼʵҲЩΪѣһҲףճḧͷûа뷨˵
Ժֻһһʱ˵
ĪʲôҪرҵļƻ㲻ӦȫԼҪ𣿡
סĪϼЩʪ⣬ճţ

߲Ծǰ½룬ܵľɫ
ճ˱һԲԲ͸֮Уܲһ˿硣
ϽٸȲĪҵĲѹָͨÿһλ洩Խû̵ʲôôͶʾͱȲ˼ҡ
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ЩҲʮȽݵλ湤ߣᶯӴʸıԡ
ǵȵԽȥһӵʱѡ
Ͷ̥
ճ죬ɫļˣҡҡͷ
оƬɨУɫлӨͷǵɫûʲôġ
λʵĺӣ꾹Ȼɫ
ӺͲ˵ˣɫһΡ
µɫѿΪԼΪߣǿҲȻǿ
Ϊɢ֮УǱ֮һһ涼ѰĽҪǿϲ١
ʱлӨɫȲһͿ׷Լλɽ¶ˮȾȻԼ
˾ѹǣԱλҡͷ̾Ϣˣꡭ
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»ȻʱųףΪʲôճܹʮ֮䣬˶ͷҲѧΪʲôô졣
ǿˣһжпܣ
֮Ҳ̲סһĺ
ͷԹĲ
ٿӺͲһţȻճĵ⡣
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뵽ȻʧЦ
ʱĸ룬Լǻص˴ǰ
Щ˺ܿĳʱλδɹһ룬ԼʵǶࡣ
֮ĬӺƽ״̬ܻ๥ճҪΪǿѷʵҲûа취
ֻϣԼȥʱҪ̫
Ϊӳƣһҵµˡ
Ϳ԰ĪҵһЩͼıɱѿ֮С

λͨеʱ䲻֪̳Ҳֻһ˲Ҳ˺ܾá
ճоǰӰζʱһɺ١
ݡ䡱һըѣ˵ͷ
ճǰһڣֻоһԼϮ
ۣǿڿжסһ룬ͼĵ΢ɲĹ㣬ǣųԶƻͨɢȥû⡣
ĬĬļһ·λճҲܲסλԭϮоԼͬ׹˾ԨŲ֪ĵط׹ȥ
ͷһԣʲôҲ֪ˡ

䣬ôڱˮô
ĵһָоǸоֱ䵽ˡ
ڶָоһů۵ǰ
ݴĵŵһζζƳ
ճԼΪʲôں̹֮ʱ뵽Щ飿
ʲôû룬ֻ뾡ȫסů뿿øһ㡣
סҵ˭ⲻǱˮ״̬
ճֻԼƤޱȣ֫
ոȴԼϴľֻ΢΢һָͷ
ɣδȻϼλҪңȻһ˺Ĳϣһˣ¶ô䡭ҲǳŲһʱ̣
иôһƷСůȻǰϧ˼ϧ޸ܰ
ճʱѾ˹
оƬȻڡ
оƬɨ裬صӽǣַܷļªй§ԼСŮľɫ
ȻƲϼͽıڣҲÿˡ
һŵʽľɫлЩƷλ
߲ľһѴˮһ롣
ԭľªʡ
Զһɵʽ̫ͭ
ͷ飬ֽʷƣƺԭ˾Ʒ
Ǹֵģ˲
иƯСŮ֪ʲôϵ
ӿ·һ𣬺ܿӡ
ްȻüĿ续ѩҲ̫С˰ɣСɲ¶ǰĿʮ˲𡣡
ȻޣճȴĵЩȡ
ʵһִʵĶģĳӦ÷ȵĵطͬˡ
ճ㻳Լǲʲô֮Ƽ䣬⴫
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洫һŵĽҲûȻӦ֨ѽ죬Ųææȥ
ŮһɫˣüͷһǳǳĴơ
æѶǶϵִҴҴһҰ鲼·̾˿
ѴϵıҴҴĵĴ˨ƿŵ˳ȥ


1115 Сţϣ
ҴOаۿһľҪˣֱ÷ߣû˺Сӡ
ҪҲֱܹˣֻܹԼšԻʡԻȡ塿˵ʲôӲ񡿣㲻ŵҲˣڳ׵ջûأž͸ȥⲻ˰ɡ
꣬С㣬̨ҪǾ㿴ң
Ʈϸ꣬紵ŵӻζճ֪ǽϵؽ磬ϴʱ֡
ּڱ˵ܺãЩ˽ӣճȴǶЩơ
ҲûооƬһֱɨ裬һЩʽװĹŴˣָֻţԼԶԶģմȾʲôƵġ
ոоƬɨʱǰûʵĴϲ֡
Щ˵Լ׵ȥɵ£׳˵սԼ˽Ķǻ
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ճǰĵһӡ
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ȻʮָմˮĴǧ
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ѵ컻Ѫ⣿
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ճչ껹δȫںϣҲܸӦõѪǿ󣬱ȳò̫ࡣ
ʲôܣչš
ϸ˷ƽϣֻС֣ڶԷѨλϰĦţЩȣԵʮֳ
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ݵѣŹǾһģֱȾߡ
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ҵ֮󣬶ѵȻҲᷢԼģ໥ġ
ΪӳȨ;ȨԾǲٻѰң
ǵ׼Ѱҡ
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ճɻǵã˷ʱ˷ֲǰǳǳ棬һ
״ðȻϢлӨˣǷ»Ӻ̫֣кܴΣա

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ˮӹԺճЩѣΣͷζӳ¡
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׵죬ͬдŰ֮أͬеĻͬ̷ˣжǰľʮ׺ʹ
⼸˼ܺãʦҲԳƱͯԿȡŵĻʮа˾ţˣǵĵؽύľʮָˡ
˼Ҳʱһԡ
ϾƽЩ˶ʱ䳰ȷ̫ϡ
ȵ˼־ƣ֪˭Ļ⣬̸ǰʱŵ
ƿڴ˭嵨ܻȥǱ̳룬Ӣۺ֮
ﻰ⣬ľǴ伫
ԭǼѪӣֺһЩƣû˼Ϊ⼸Լȥ£һԼ
Ѫͷ¾ͷϵ̨硣
ʢļǻˣľҲһɺüģӴһ͵²ʡ
Ȼ󣬾һµĽԴ齣ԽԽ
ľҲ֪ԭճֻˣǱ˸Ȧףǲ֪˵ǳʲôĿģôһȦС
縡ƣƮȥ
ŭǿѹ¡
ճվŶǯֻԹԵһһ
΢һ˿Ѫ֮ڼ֮нߣһʱ䣬֫ٺů⡣
Ѫͨ磬Ҳֻһˡ̫ݣзʱϰòʧӪӪ
ĿĹˣڼ򵥳裬֪취
ôˣ
һŲ˹΢ʮ־ɥѹ
ɳ򲻿𣿡䣬ʵȻոյΪƣ


1116 Сţ£
ճΡΡҪųȥ⻰Ȼԭء
ɳɳҲ̫˵ɣǲǻиСٻ
ƾһ־϶һ磬ճվԭ΢΢ͷٴһԼļ䡣
ϾǱ˵ľЩ̫
һɴֻ̫һЩǼҵĵطرԵ
һദʮԼֵɶɶԸ֪ġ
ɳƺҲ˽Ӷ˵飬ֹα𵱴ԼҪࡣ
ԸֱͬĸТľҲΪ𾴺׽
һ£ǾԼλ㽭𻪳Ǳٷһ̫ߵɽȥͽйء
ɽǴ룬иʮϻ˼ֻǴţҲ֪١
оǣ򷻼ֹ¼Ȼ֪٣˵硣˺ܶȴûġ
⵽ɽˣһƬ󣬹һˣûмֱ£ϲҳš
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⾹ȻٻŮĻ磿
ճɫʮֹŹ֣ѹ޻ѧԺ֮Уԭˡ
Ҳ磬ɻͷһνгȻڵ硣
޼Ǭ跨ԪϡλϼǺܲ򵥡
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һ£˵ѾƹˣҶ˲֢
ģտڲԣֻ˫۷ŹĿճ
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һʹɫĸףﲻ֪ΪΣһЩϣ
ճҲǱƲѡ
һȥ֪̫̫Ѿǽܵ飬Ҳ˲úɳ᲻ʲô뷨ǷʲôףֱӾͲεĶﲡ
һ΢ͥ˼˥΢ɢңȻû裬߻ĲԶˡ
аһ˵²ǿѨ硣
ңճ֣һ˼άڲͣŹƬ̲ðˡ
ϵüһغճ
ֲ飬мء
Щط֮Ϊ׹֮Щط֮Ϊ֮
С亦ˡ
ң۲ɢ֮в̫ɾӦûа
Щۼ쳣ĸûȥʲôõĵط
֮ԲɳΪճ֪һҲǸӣ»᲻̫ͨǰǡӲ񡱵ŷߣ֪ĵܵʲôģ
ڰ׷ѿࡣ
Ȼʼԥˡ
һɣڻû֨֨˵ǰʱ㲡鷴أᶼ˵ǵ̨oŭĸ׾ȥǱݼȡʮ顣



1117 ˣϣ
ţţ
ճһ֪˵ĵôһ£Ǻ˵е޵֮ʿڽǶŵһųơ
ǡãǰȥٵ̨̳ҲŹһ̳ڸһЩٹˣҲ븮ߡ
ѵۼҵʮ
ճɫƽϲŭʵ
漰飬ȥ̨̳㣬ˣ϶йϵ
ʮɲǱСĿѰ˼һ궼ӣһҲֻǼǮʮһͥʮ롣
ȻżʮĶˮүڵʱҲССһЩӪƣС֮ˣ⻧һٿߣ֮£ʱӶղȫ
ﲢûʲôơ
Щ˸ҩǮʮѾȫƲˡ
ŻӲ˺ڣǼҵȷûʲôӺ룬ԼլӶûá
ǵģ˵ΪƽϢ̨ķŭҪĸôõóγĻصͿʼҹʹ࣬˵ñӺݺݵڳ
˵ɳֿʼᡣ
ɳɺõĴˣǮò˵˵ʲôǵ֢־˵˵ȻϹơ
ͷ֢ǿɵ̣ǻˣôܵˡ
ҼǵǼҵĲҵɣȻǴһڹҲ˵ǮҲڶˣ
˵ʱΪĲҽó˲ٺҩ˲٣ЩнٺкܴԹԣԲŲϹġ
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üһճֱЦˣһӹȻ˼ʣһ׮ıҵ顣
ûùҩģֻҪԼӸӦ֪ˡ
̶ȿõ޷ǾһЩߵҩݣҩ
үȥ֮ǰԶΪĺþġ
ȥ֮ΪֵܲͨͰҽίиǵĴ󲮣ҲүӵĸΪ̶ÿֺ졣
ǣճļȴЩǼҸûùٷֺ죬ܹҲʮҡ
һ˵Щҩ۰󣬻ԴţҽҲ̫á
Լάţûʲô
ľɳȴŵģԴ󲮸Ӽ˶ûа㻳ɡ
ʱˣõĴһҲŲʣճĻô¡
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ϵаҪ̫ѣճһͿ԰쵽
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־ǿ󣬿Լ۾̣ʲôʲô
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ճ״̬ЩͲ࣬ﻹ˵ʲô
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ң˵ʱ䲻ǴɩɽʲôɾĶ
ճ۾ţɳܲסֱͲһ˵˳
ҩ
ճһ뵽⻹Լԭ
֪᲻ᣬȥûŪʲôҩӡɽŪֻһֻӣҲԹģѵˣ߳Իġ
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תһˣŮ԰ТΪȥͷ¶棬£ȷǻڸ
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һָ͵ȻԹһɽɣȥأŪʳҩ˾ͲɣûҲÿȥѰ
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ˣҲԼһ˳Զʳ
ԼӶŶɽԣôó
ЩЦõĻǰźߣʢһ뼦⣬ȳˣȻЩҰޣô㼦ǲ
ҲԼʳճɴֱ˵ǲ˵ԼҲܿóġ
๫۾Щˮӯӯȴûƴǣ۵ķɿ꣬һЦҪš
룬ִӻͳһҹĴͷŷĳȥ
԰ŸճɳԱ߾ģЦ
ôˣﾹȻġ
ְֵܳͣ
ҲΪĳ˵ԵʣɳԼҴǰƺЩŲ
ճһԱĿרǡ
һֻ˷ʳǳһ룬ʳȫɢɾ
ֻΪúòײеһ㾫ȫ˷ѵ
Ȼø̫̫һûɲС
ϣɩû°ɡɳſȥһ飬ȻҲǿȥ
ʲô£ǴҴ书ӦúܲģõİɡճЦɫоԼƺʲô
ǰ磬ɽΣյģѾ˸ɽԡ˵ֳûɩϴλˣѪЩûгš
ʲô
ճȻվ
֪Լʲôˡ
ǰκһ綼һڵģԲԳ֮
ǺܲԼҲʶΪʲôΣգû磬Ϊ˼롣



1118 ˣ£
ʱ䲻ò϶λ˳СЩϲʵʲô¡
ȥôˣҲûãԼ״̬ﲻʲôæ
ճֻðＱꡣ
Ȼ˳ɽӦԱİգԼԼǰĲκá
ݷһ³룬ҵ˼ŵһ롣
үӵҽãΪżֵԣǼûǮˣҲûȥ
ճȡһëϸ룬δϨţ˶ߡ
ɳԶûӯӯ⣬ֻǾùһᣬĸʱʱһҪҡ
æ߽ͼʱƽȣǳ˯ȥɫҲչࡣ
ĻҽǲǺˣ
ɳϲʵ㾹ȻĻҽ
ճͷĨȥͷĺˮɫֱò԰ס
ֻܶĵòˡ
ֻϣջ񣬲Ȼ²̫ù
Ҳѹɳ죬оǱһƵġ
ʵֵܴСͱүӽ̵ƷΨжߡĴŵĽѧƾ٣ҫ棬ʵûдеҴҽѧ
ûˣʱһЩҩָֻܻҪ
ʣµĻճû˵ڣΪҲ̨֪žʲôжʱ˵̫
ɳûע绰˼ʮֿĵתתȥһ̶
ճ˳ۣ˻ȥ飬˵ҪϢͣ

ҹɫճĶֿʼеʱ򣬺ûЩˡ
ɽϲ֪ʲôļ䲢ʮûⷽϢ
ңҲԶԶûлָ߶УҪɽȴǲܡ
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ʵЩϸˡ
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ճһңһȴʲôϣֻһСϸ׵ë͸ɫ˻һ˿˿Өۺɫ
ζëġ
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ϾǰСӣûֻͷⲻܰҹ
Ϊ˽ʡͣڲûƣճ˵ⲢûʲôоƬɨ֮£硣
ﴲߣﻹһѳ޹ǵԴΪģֻΪֱЩ
ָоһֱڣǰ鲡ʱ֪ӦòǵĳʵԵĹ¡
ڲǰԣԶԶӲճС
ౡ
ʱ⴫ֵļ΢ľ죬ƺڶߣƺ
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ֻСò죬жر¡
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мȲϡеС
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߳޹ǵϽȼâһɺ˪ķϯ
ٻն
ֱΪӵ̫֨ϸ죬˻᲻ͣ۶«İһݵֹǡ
ճһĹ־Ǳɱ
Ѫ㣬ܻ־ӳ֡
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ˮУֻСȫγļХֱ˶Ĥ顣
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֮УǼٳͷ۵СâһɨͲҽһ
ţ޹ǵ΢΢һ⵭ȥ࣬ȥȻͣ
һߣն۹ͷ֮ϡ
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Ѿ˵ǰճĺЩ
ĮȴûаɣһͻȻջأº˰벽ֵǰͻ̡
һ㼱Сüġ
ԽŽ֮ߡ
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նն
ϡһֻСУһ˿ĽԵƤƺʹʲôš
汻סǵȷ赲סʹ­
ͷܲסʧȥҺɫ˵һһ
ӿ䣬ֻȼĹɫọֻ̀Ĺڼ־壬Ҳҿճ޹ǵ
岻ˣˣŷ죬ֱҹա
ճֻ׷˼ոճôţӻ˻ΣڵؼٴϢ
ĺͷϵᣬһϴ÷׵ĻɫۣʪһƬ
ƵĿСԶȥķȴ΢΢ֿһ˿ᡣ
ǹӵ̫ȴûѾմȾһ˿ۼ
ճµӡǡ
֮ôճ׵Ϊôôݡ
磬û°ɣɳ˹ſǻ
˱졣
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ˤڵϵһֻӣȥʮء
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֪ɩ书û뵽ôٶȿ˵ز
ﻹܼѾֻڴҲǱһˣȻ޹ǵնɱֻ֣һֻ
һ±ղͬߵҲģ
ɳһֻĲʵУһŻع



1119 ºڷߣϣ
ճڷ㶣ΪѾùˣһնɱֻСֻֻܾߡ
Ƕǰ飬ѪôҲû취ȥ׷ġ
οҲûҪȥ׷
СմȾǵϢȻԱˣһ£˳ϣҲӵȥ
ÿ˭ЩСǰˡĻһնϣﲻ泩
ԩͷծԵ±£ֱԹܵҵС
񱳻ֻӣճ۾ƲˣҲ֪һץסС˵죬ȸʮ죬̫󣬼ʳȻỹҪ졣
ãã๫ĪҰЪš
չЦ
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Ｑðһ㣬˻
ϸճϿ˼ۣûʲô쳣˿
ֺȥǰ޹ǵȻԼƽﴦʱõ˳ּһûʲô֮۾գźǲ⡣
ճ˳־ͰѵӵݵУ˵ˣȻٸͣɣǿ϶Ҳˡ
ϰԵľӦæµȥˡ
ȥ̫̫￴һΣ˼Ҵʱ˯ú㣬üϵĺʧ֪ҲǴˣ͸𾪡
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ЩӣƮҡɳͲ󣬳ȣʵڼòʲô£ʵǺһֲٳ֡
ۼһȥҲｹǲ
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ˮڣ硣
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ǵһ죬ܼ
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ͬʱŻŵľɽ£Ծݴɽ·ˡ
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ջصϣǰϮһĻ
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ˡ
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ʱӦûûǲǸԼʵݣȴҲæŲ
ճﰵ֡
һεĴԽռʵЩŵֶȻǺţѾ˸Ӻôˡ
һ͸һƷӣһҩãʮĶˮȻһƶϴ滹ı㡣
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룬Ǹ֮õĸˡ
ڵԭô͵ɣһȥܵġչˡ˵͵һͿ
һξЩͬǿΪܣרŵĹߣ˺ܴá
ݴԽܴﵽֵزôЩҲƴֻ֣ˣ
ճǼǵõһμĪ֮ʱλ֮ͨǳŻ۵ģһͷͬ졣
ôĪƵˣǻᴩɹҹӣɼͽ
̫
뵽ճһ˿Ӱӹ
ЩҲδˡ

ҹСϮճ֪ԼͽԹЩƣ֪һ˵ϢҲȷ·ʽ
ɱǼֻСʱԵľͷԼоƬһһůעֵĻȡ
ǰΪǴھϸϸ̽ͷɱֻС˽ʮˣҲǾʮӡ
Ǻֻܶ࣬Сѣɱɰ
ѲɣҪúˣҪնɱһħʦ˵ֻɱа񣿡
ܵ˵һ·ӡ
Σճܿ϶ȴѾ֪࣬ôȥԼ
ô֪ܹ㹻ˣļһС

Լʵı¶ճʵ̫⡣
Ϊԭľʱ͸үҽϷҲǴͨա
޹ǵնɳȻ𾪣Ҳ̫֡
ں
ʱʮľ͸ŹǣҲȱЩʥ飬Ȼ֮Ǿ͸ˣ֮ҲӦ
ûһ㱾£Ҳᱻȥ룬ͷԷȾһڴӦ
ôһ顣
Ȼˡ

ĳպֻܲһҰˣһЩΣûʲôϣ⾹Ȼζʻۼͣճ̾ѡ
񱻿佱տЦֻ๫֮Ըˣǰǰʱʱһѧģ
оС
ճԵ㣬Ҳţֻǿžĸʢ⣬ɳɵۡ
δܳԡ
ʮʳж٣һ衣
Ǵ衣
ɳһСټһЩˮ;ñˣҲĳ룬ճȴһһ룬ͷʹһĥ븹С
Ƕ裬ĩ˸⣬΢΢ĶƤ˵౥ˡ
ȻҹճûԼһЩܡ
йףʳһȥͱһֶصļתʽĥǷ㾭㷨ţרõģܹǿ׳ǣǴѧ
طŹʺϴС𣬲壬


1120 ºڷߣ£
Ա֮ճԺԽŽ
۽ǣѪ¯һ塣
ԽŽһôÿһÿһĶǴɱгЧʵĽǶȳܹٶȣ峹ƿأ߹ԡ
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ս棬ȴŶ֮ء
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ѡЧʣɼ
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Ť黨һ㣬ڳ߳ܵƣտʼ조ЦоʮȤ
ٹһᣬ;ŴС죬Цˡ
ֻԺһ죬ǹĥϣһᣬһ䣬ɡˡĽʮöࡣ
һȻɱ֮⣬ֱֱ飬з
˫ۣоЩ⣬̧ͷ˿죬ֻ΢ůĴҹ֮жһĪϢ
ģ趯ŵӰԼԼɢ޼᲻ݵķ֮üޡ
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һ񾭴ִﲻ飬ɱ֮ĶҲȫ޸С
ֻ鹣ˮ¹£źǷ˯

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ҪȻأҲڱһֻͨ׷Ĵܡ
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Ҳžͺá
ںʵã๫巨Ȼƺ㲻̫ԼǿһЩٶȡ
⻰Ͳ˵ˣȻ˵๫
͵͵Ŀһճ͵ЦԾԾԡ
ճ棬ȫսϲģҲܻϲ
ҲãԼԺ⾭꣬ⲻսɱ
ǰúƽ˼˵Ը񣬿¾ͻʹࡢܣƺӾͺܲ

ִ𻪲ԶֻƹɽC˳ɽ·ʮӣͿһƬڳĸǽ
֪ʱմ磬һƬƮסɫ
ҰУֻǵƻ
Ҫߣǽ𣿡
СǼ㣬ǰ޹ǵѧճģϢ
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ڳǽߣطԶǰ棬ȴһƬߴȼŻ档
ճ̨֪̳סĵط
۵ĵǼ̳棬ǿñȳǽҪɵĴ
֦ҶïӰ涣ԶԶȥ͸һצɭо
̨ˡ
˵һ
ճһ
ѲڻһҫӦǰעӡǡ
С



1121 飨ϣ
ʱصһǰҫһɵ֥ζǰһʯڴġ
ʯ巽״ϸܿ׶Ʈһ˿ֱ̣ƮĿ
ڳ֪ζǷǰȼյͣҲƷ֥ըľ͡
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ԶһԺӣռмʮĶС޵¡
ͥлݴҹɫ֮УҲ͸һֽ
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˵ǰԺ翣ƣԺͲһˡ
һƤԸ̬̫̱ѩƤ̫ʦ棬бš
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ϸ˾ˡ
ڵƹŸɫ⣬Ȼõ֯ƣڵĵ̺Ǽϵȵë
λһͺиŴʱüë˸Ȼǲá
աңǾûǲʲôʿУ˵ЩһֱƮԷֲ˼ˣ
⻰͸ɱ
׳ȫæڵء
ұŻצ׳˵ԩ⼸캢һֱڳǱıϣӰ׻Ϊ￪ô˼ԺأţҶˡ
ǰǰû͵һ
첲Ѫ׳ҲЦ
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СȻҵ̨̳ǹ졣εˣȫʹ¶ȴ˲ˡ
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ʱ֪ʱǺʱ˵Ҫһʱ
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һ񺮣µŮɲʲôŮ
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Ŵű飬һ졣
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ճ˰ֹ֣סֳ޹ǵҪȥƴɱĺ˵ֻһЩƦåǹ֣ɱɱ̫Ӱԡ
Ŷ
ɵ˵ճ
ĵɴ۾๫˼Щ˶Ҫɱ
Ϊֻɱֻͥ׶ء
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๫šԻʣԻȡ塱ʱ˵ȴɱڣ˺ܴͬ
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ͷ­ʮֳ֣ǻȳˮֻŲ̵׹⡣


1122 飨£
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ǱŵˣǱĵˡ
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׸ߵ壬ͬһǽ
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ճЩ죬ֻ档
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Ȼ๫ܹնɱֻСŵһֻСҪܣ϶ԶԸֻ
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ڰգ¶ţֻڳצץճ壬һץ䡣
ͬʳȷ˱ǣƾˡ



1123 ߿裨ϣ
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ȻһͦذαѪһ𣬹žһ죬Ҳ߳ס
ڷըߣԵ÷Ұгббն˳ȥ
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ǹͲˣһֱִѱնϣ䳾ҺɫճҺһء
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ҵСˣһ˴
һЦתŭʲôû壬첻𣿡
ҹίġءϸһͼճϵŨܺ
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ճ֮ӲӲһУΪһ¹ԣǰĴʮ׶񣬵ȴ֪һڴ˷֮иʲôǣֻһССӱ
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ճЦˣңЦ㻹ǶôסԼɣĪ˵һֻССڴˣҲȲ
ճбָ棬ɱ
屾ܵһԹ֮߳һȼţͬܡ
֪ԭľĺ⣬Ҳ㿹ܡ
ÿһεĴԽ壬ǿ⣬ִ򿪾档
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ָǷԲɣ޲ɹ֯һžȻҲ֮ء



1124 ߿裨£
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ճ˰֣ʾĻţǰȥۼһ©֮㣬ûˣ·ʹѾɡ
ԭֻСȻ
ߣȥŵղأܹڽ𻪳ֳ˷ˣϣЩ̣Ҫǿֶ顣
ճǣС֣ʩʩȻȥս֮ջļˡ
ʱһףʲôȱ


1125 ʲֻʵϣ
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ɽþˣѾϰ˼·ʽ±ȽϽأѵõĺ
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ճ΢΢һֻԾ鶯ⷽλһЩ͹С
оԼܴʵԭĹɣǰĴֹǣԪķʽҲһЩ⡣
ⶫȻԾкܴ洦
ֻһתճǳ˼֡
Ȼ֪Դ֪ռ϶˼Ը׵ġ
ƿ֮Уƺ˰ʹеӰ
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ƿһѾߣ˵ز˾ǣСٳΪ
˵Ѳһϣ˴ó˴ţȥ



1126 ʲֻʵ£
뿪ʱճһǼ̳ǰĴ΢΢һ㶡
ֻǶ̶̲ʮʱ䣬ҶƮƮӲϣҲʮֿࡣ
һ紵֨֨ʱܷ绯һ㡣
ȻһЦкһӰûڰ֮С

һСᣬһԶΣŵׯ԰ǰߣͣ
ڲһϢ
ͥԺǰֻǿһǿôһݡ
Ѿﵽ顢ǧӰڣڽҲһѺ֣ôͱꣿ
뵽ԼĿģݵһҲɣεԺڡ
ٶȼ죬֮ʱŹ⻪ҫϸȥͿɷСŵ⡣
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ʿĻɫ৵һ±òҰס
šĿճҪ
ģȻΪµʿǱ¶ݣ֪Դ


1127 ϣ
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˵ʵڵģէҲǷҪŪķԵС
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һͬ»Уķߣյбˮ
ԭϣѹ˵죬ҹɱӣұһȴ֪ϧҲֲϵĺˣ±ʵʵĶļɡ
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ԽǿԽ󣬲;㷺ڱǿ֣ӦԼãͲǷѧܶԸ
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ĵһȴͬˮһ㣬ǰһӰ
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ʿ˼⣬ȴһЩ塣
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ʱ뾫ƿأԻ⼫ںΪһǽʦֵԪΣһ㾳磬ѹɱš
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ֱܵüģһſΰɱ˹
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һŭ˫ǰһƣ׹˸ֱնĳ

׹ײͬʱ
ĵͷһΣǰǣֻо١֫΢΢
ͷ󺧣ٹ˲øճ弱ˡ
ԪʦĽĪ⣬ܸƴʽ
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ҾͲţĺСҪ£˼ңֻҪз֮ȥֵҷҪ޵
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һвԼ̱Ъ˹ʲôó
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ٴУһһרӭսĹˣӷ˰ɣ
ճһ˿ĮɱʵʰַԲʮɡ
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ҽʤ׷
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ѿգ

ռ
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֪Σ๫Լܵ˺Ȼ֪׻ӦԣֻҪžͺá
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һնúǿŶԷҲˣֻǿն
ĵⲻ⹥ǻܣճ֣ܲܵ˵
ĵĳޡ־׷ڣճĵûһ˿ֻǵȻò˱£ǰˣֺοѰ·أ˵ۣȴƫƫ
ճһ䣬ĵ۾Բڵ˼һҲɢ˿
мֳ룬ˤϣءһ졣



1128 £
˵Уһ˵ɢˣҲɢˡ
ճһɱĵˣ󻹲ǺݺݵĴ־һҲɢȴһ˿΢ܶ
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ⴿһ޻գٽٲĥ֮ƮƼɢ
緲սЩһսܣһ겻񣬴ӴûжɽĻᡣ
ȴôһЩˣǰΣҲԽսԽ£ֻҪһ׹һջ
ڣˡ
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·ϣźɳط˭֪Ļ᲻ŪʲôӣԲɲۼɢճôġ
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͸ᣬЦֻ֪ӣ㹻ˡЩ⣬ô᲻֪أ˭ҺãҶ˭ãⱾ쾭顭ʿĻԺϣǲһˡ
˵飬ϸ˵СӣǰҲһɽʱǣҪذůʱ
Ͷ˵˼䡣
Ȼ⻰֮󣬺ʮָж鶯죬һֱڹʧСϷһ㱦⣬ҹɫ֮УҲڲס
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۾һתǰȥǰѱɫֵ̽Ķš
⵹Ҳǣе޹ǵˣϹأԭأñ˳
ճҲǰɫ̾ǵʿõıʵޱȣԣҲ֪ôġ
׽ֱŻϸСƣô׭šġ֡
ҲšѪأ˳֡Сǵ˺ܺõߣŶ̽Ӷ¡
̹һߣݺնȴƷ
Цеģǿġ
Ǳ̶̽˵Ƕ̽ʵҲһ̣߳Ÿոպʡ
ѪĽһףճҲ⡣
ǰֻǸɫӲƴһı֮£ǱʳȻѳĿӣͱնء
ֻһ˿й©ûס龰
ԣΪһͣһѵӦõĺýʵǺбҪһ顣
ľʯԿΪ˵װƺܺãƴɱǲҪˡ
ĵ˱Ľʣѽճһֶȥ
ǰǵ׹⡣
Žֵ˻ڡ
ףС
ճü
ӵ˻һƱᡭ
һƣͼҳдż֡
治ʽͼףŽͼơ
ѵõģǰҳֻһоƬɨȥ͸оһ
ƺ˿籩֮С
ѹ׹˸͸
һԪʼ¡

Уһƽ⣬ת
񵽱ˣֻŹͼףͼֵ𡭡ɸУͲýǮ
ؼ𣿡
ճŨŨϲɫҲŸˣæʵ
ֹ˵ֱֱָԴ֮󣬾˰ʱ
ճЦǺǵʵҲû뵽һﾹɸЯһ¿Ǵıǡ
ϸ룬ȴҲ⡣
׶ʿ׷Ȼûؼʱʱóĥ֮顣
ڻ᲻ᱻߣ
Цݣ˵ôܻ뵽ԼôһʬҰ


1129 Ȼ󲨣ϣ
ĵЯǮƵǲ࣬ճ˳ȡˡ
˿ֳۼʿƬʬܳ˼·һ٣ʯ飬ɽ֮С
ˮ𣬵ʿӰҲճƣתͷЦ񣬻ؼҰɡ
˴ʱ󹦸ɡ
๫᲻ҵͷ
Ҳ˺ۼֻҪٷҵ֤ѰͲصġ
ţͻЩ鷳ʧȥȵν
ǳʿͬô죿
Ǿ͸ƾඣ½ˣ˭˭˿ʵΣ
ճЦЦ˵
ǺʵҲ׵ġ
ºɨۼĲö׷˵Ѿ㹻
Щеˡħ֣ȴùȥ
ôҲʱ䡣
ȵʱǨճţԼʵֻ󳤽
ʱ˵ǾһԽ棿
ĻصȻ˯
ɳҲûϢ
ǰСӣʱȱ˯ߣճɾףһѹ
ҲˣճȻϰЪϸϸоǱؼ
տʼԱţһ֧Դ˯
ճ֪Сﾭ˳;ϮһЩţʱ۵úˡ
ᱧСڴϣϱӣֻоǴһŮһҲЦ
ؼг˼֮⣬ҳΣ¼С
͡ȡ
ǰѰټã·õġ
ǺʵõС
ֻҪﵽһΣԭϾͨҲϰ
ԽǿҲ͸ӵӦ֡
ֳơԲ⡱
˵磬ֻҪӦĿϢ棬ƾڤڤ֮еĸӦͼλá
ʮ档
ճƬľ÷ţƣԺԺ龰
âһϷһ󲨶Գ
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תӾҲڱ仯
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ѹ£ȴûе֮ʿȥҲĳȦӣΪѾԼ׳ɡ
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뵽ճԼɱû˰֮顣
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᲻ţֻҪǸ֣ɱʲôˣܵõջ
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ν˳Ӧˡ
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ƳǰҴɱʵ̫á
Ч̫ˣ˵ʲôʱ򻹱˷֣õĲʧȥĶࡣ
ܻλ淴ɣ˳һСľͻߵ壬
Ȼǲճܿ˵ˣֻƾо£һЩҲ֡
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ҺԵʿãԼҲõġ
ȻѾõУȻ˷ѡ
似ͬǣճϰ֮ʱȴһЩ谭
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зִƿء
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ž
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ĵȸ֣ѧҲ֮á
ʮ꣬
ճո־ͿóʵǳԽǰ˲֪١
ڴư죬ƺҪ׳ѣճվ߳ţԺС
뵽Լһûʹá
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ӻͳƿҺʦͨľ÷
ƿǣü߲ʹâһƿĲʹͱһ
Ө͸꣬ɻҺĴ̼֮£߲ʹâ
ҡҷĻ俪øޣԱֳһǶ
ϲǣŹâ𴦣ճͷƬձúЩͬ
ķͼƣԺ֡
ǰ֮ʱ̫벻һЩһ̾ͻװ׵һǰ
ôˡ
ճϲͣжֻǾվ
¶ɫ
ϰϰһ׳ֵʱճȻ۾ĳǡ
ãȻֶκпᣬҺȷʵǸöѹЩ޵Ըð֮踣ҲҪõ
ճ֪ĵ˵õƿҺΪǽ٣
Լõĺô̫е㲻˼顣
ȼռһǣҺʩ֮󣬾š
ڴ˷磬һ̾ʮϰˣͬʱ
ʱ֮ڣԼͬʱ໥ӡ֤һֱָ״̬
ǿԵĶ򡭡
ڣؼ䡣
ճƣʹâޱϲһƻ
䡭
ǰըѣҫ䣬һѩ磬ڲֲʹ⣬ͻأ˺ǰ֮ء
Ԫӿȣһ˼䣬𴦣ҰȷҶ
𣬴ɧ
ֻ󹷱áͽУֵ



1130 Ȼ󲨣£

һƴ֮ճоӿԪ糱ÿһϸϸ΢֮С
ȫͨ͸ⷽɲǼ˹
ĵ⵽һУǱ״ƵġġݡһͷɵС
ֽ֣е׵⾳ڣһ裬һɫܼתһѤ֡
ܵĽӿ񳱣׵ĵڽ֮ԼţԽԽ
ۼþҪ뽣ɳȴʼձڽ֮ϣԵüΪ
ܷյĽ⣬ܳΪֻ粻׺һףҲ󡣡
׹һţֻڽγһĨ΢İâ
ճȴ֪ⲻС׹Ѿ⡣
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С֮ճŷ֣ǰԼԪӦǶôª
һ磬ʥѹƣĽͲܶԪ̸ʲô
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˺һ֮ԪѻϿѹˣĿжϢܿԪƽƣǿ
ַţ˷磬ĵԪ׽ɱȴرˡ
ڴٿԪͺñһͰˮȥ֣Ȼʧ֮ڴ衣
ǰͰˮɱ˪ĥѩȥԸˡ
ͬľ磬ͬЧ洫İˡ
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ճʱϵ׹⣬Ʋʵĺǿ
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ճĵѾĽףпܳ򼶡
һ׵Ļش׵ĺֱЦֽò˶١
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׿ԻһЩԶĽ׵ĵˣкεؼҶپ¡
ճﶸȻһɺ

﷭˸Ƥ΢΢˶ſһƬԺ˯š
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ճڵ񻨴棬£һԱߣ˸գ৵һ
˫ۣ˿͵ƣ۾𴲣Ŷ
еԺͼڳɫһӨ⣬һΣԾŻš
Ԫ簵ӿȫûʲôƣȴǾĵγһ޴Уת
ǰӦﲨɽʯѣɺȴû
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÷ĽðСǡ
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ã֪Լĳ̴øԶáǲн裬ԽŽҪѧԣʼеۣŵ㡣ճЦùŹ֡
Сϰ׽һͷҲܣ֪Ƿ񰾵
ϣҪޱӡ
Ѫ֮ɽ壬еļѿʹճġ

һѾҪɢȥЩ˵ɫðЪˡ
ʮɷԲľ޴չҶƬ׼ӭ峿ĵһƳϳһŲϸӣ׺Į
С䡢Сȥһ˽𻪣ǸɶӣˣŮ飬ɲܳʲô⡣
һƵɳһãѪ֦糤ߴԶջء

鿸̨ƺ̵һƬʢһ֮Уȥ
ţ׺ɣ
ĵãͷ­ķ٤Ĵɢİ׹ǡʬ
ĵǰһȥ棬Ŀֺۡ

ǣѣ
ӿһ¹װŮӳ֣ͷĿһ۷ãƺڻոյĸƽ
󻹸Ÿ澪ŵĺŮӡ
һͬ㣬ɫ̬ȣ·ŤΣջ¡
ջˣѵѪʳЩһֱˡ
ʱԵõһЩôʱֻΪ˻ǰһЩֺͷ
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ЩͣʵҲǷֲġ
ڻΨһȤˡ
ɫǿգռɫǹʶิǡ
罥Ϣһľġ
ϲ»ҹˮ֮ʱ̫Σսʳڰ죬ѻչ֮˯һҶƬմվɳ׳
ʱϲŲ֪ľڱѪʳ֮
޴ӴϽûװŮӵͷӦ£Һڵ̣磬ֶȥ


1131 ɽ𻢣ϣ
峿Ľ𻪳Ǹո˻࣬ЩѾĿ⡣
һЩϢͨʿĴĿ˸
һѣһѵľһ
˵𣿳Ƕų̋Ҳɱˡ
쿪۰ˣ˱Ӧ֪ǺηʿΪ
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⻹м٣ʱ֣֪ž˳ǣö˶ˣκܲԴӣ˵Ѿ֡
˾֣Ȼˡ
ꡭҲжˣ㿴ͷҴҵģñӶûϣǷװ
һЩСţһЩкŲǳ˳ǣ뿴̬չ
ЩҲ˼
ˣ˵дƽĶǸ߹ٺЩС͹š
ǽЩӣ׮¼˵̨йϵ֮Ѿһȫĵز
ŵɽ׻һֹСҹ䡣
ļһ£󲿷˶Ǻд˿˿˷ܡ
ﵹù֣һϲּ顣

ճѧƷһоӦ֣ʱ֮ٲɽҲͣ
Һ֮ԼΪһЩ
һ仨ԱǶ䣬Ǻŵģ
͸ӦΧҲǿࡣ
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Խǿ׳ǣָٶȾԽ죬ȻҲˡ
ų⣬˺ԽŽְֵָһᡣ
ССһһʽȻţ֮нһЩ⣬ҲͲʱ̹ע
򶫷һᣬ׼ط͸оһ
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ٲǰָӦ˲ףȴֲ֪Ժη
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Լ뷨ǰľӰ죬һ̶Ҫ
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ʱȥʩΪûý״̬£Զĳط
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Ժźɫ׺ͷķڎŵ϶ٵĶһЩϺɱ
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ճȫûֵԾǶԹŴİ참ʽЩ档
ǲ죬üѪ۵ˣ˳Ϊκ񲶣ƺӡ
ȻҲһæ£ЩƦʬеһںڵĺۼҹսĵط
ճʵǼʮ졢ͷţ÷ܳһֻСޡ
˵СޣΪͲ
ԴһʵҲСˡ
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ʲôͬʨӣȴֲ̫ٶȺÿ졣
ճֻǼǶһ֪ԼѪľⶫˣ⾵ʹ˶ϸȥ

ͽУСͬһû˦βκܲűȥ
ݣһֻС
ճһ
δ֪ܻ˼ɼ֣һֻʲôƷֵĹִǼöˡ
۳öôι״ʱǣͷ̫СУڹ԰ڱԡ
ƿ⾵濴ˣͼֻᵯһȣһʧԺС
Ǹκ񲶵е飬վɫһϲȵϣëѾֵټ
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ճɵ̬Ȼʮ࣬Ϊ˵Ļκж֮ʱ΢΢ĺ⡣
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Ҫǣֹ죬ճǰûոѧ
ǾɽȡҲȷ
ĵ׷Լڴ֮ɱƾľŹ
⾵Զճ̫ϵֻСŻɽ֣ڴһᲱʮ죬ճ˳ʱɡ
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ճЩͷˡ
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ۼûֱӱ׷
ճ룬ǱĽ߳Ժš
ϰԽŽʱУҧûб
⾵͵ǿ˵ʵģճȴ⡣
ⷽˣԹٸûоηֻҪвԼͼ˵İȫóֶΡ
֮Դҡӭǰȥ
Ϊһ顣
ĵ׷ٿ̽ԼʱԼ̾͸Ӧԣں٣κ񲶣ո÷ôãûзӦ
ΪһأûԶ
ңλܲ׷ٵʱʮַɣû˱ĳͻȻϮ֪̫Դ󣬻رʦŹ
ϣҵĵ˵ʬʱƶ
ճոճԺţͣ˽Ų
ûͣµʱһѾִ
˵˵֣ҲܽΣ

ճıʵǱģǽҪɽ֮ʱȺ˲ˡ
֪ܲʵΣûȥôɽֲ׵ɣǳֵֵǣ»׶༪١
ŵһλʮ߰ꡢ꣬˵


1132 ɽ𻢣£
ʯգְ𻪲ͷݺܲһ㡣
һ˵ʮλ붼΢΢ͷƺΪͬ
һЩ׳ŵӵκܲʯͷ˵ֻһǼţûҪ컹ûдľɽӰɣ𻪳ɲǵ̨֮˵ָʾȥҪһ㡣
ǰǰܲ˼
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Σյ飬˭ȥɡ
룬һӾһѪڵء
̫˰ꡣ
ĸߴ׳ʵһɽʯڳУǺء
һһɣǲС
λͬŸϣҲΪֻЦĵκܲϡ
²ܼ꣬ɲУԼ֮󣬾Ͳٶ˵
ƾԼһ£֮£㲻̫Σա
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ھƺʣµĲԶü׷飬һеĻֺܻ߲ܿá
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ƾʲôǼһʲôͶûУȴԻɸԼֻѧһЩѧ
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治òԾɽţԺǰ;ǡ
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κܲЩһֱȻü
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ȷӣʮˣûи˵֪ɲӦָƤͱסˡ
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κְܲ𻪸Щͷˣ˭˽⸮̨˵Ը˵úԸֱݲðɳӵ
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ΪĵŪκѾôˡ
ʵϣھôҲ첻
ԭǺϡ
Էڲ̨ҺЧ
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룬ֻҪСӲϽɽٵ֪ҲӲһѵ
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ڽһƲᴸأ𴦣һ򵱹ءĪ⾳̬Ϊۡ
һвɽ
⾵ǰճǰһЦ
֪˭ˣ



1133 ҡ
ʯ䣬ɫ֮ģڳжֱУκɻ뵽пй
û֤ݣ˵еʣҲţΪЩ򵥡
ʯյĹù֪ˣȻ̨ȹϵʵϣϵһֱڡ
Ǹͷ֪ξȻλܲͷ֮ϡ
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֪ΪȻ¼ϣֶ߯ݡ
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κ˸תͷǰȥͷǰ·
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ǣûֻߵǰҶ΢΢ǰ㣬ת˲λԼٶ˵ˣһһŮǱеٶȼ죬弱ǰľ磬ܹҶͲ֦
ӽŲӡԿó˹ϵãǼ粢ͬܵġңڵҹɫĻײ֦Ӧܹҹӡ
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˵˻ɣò̤棬Խʮɾ룿
֪ǲǷУһȷ㲻մأٶȺܿ죬ٲȹȥ׹ҪңûԶֶ̹Σһ֮󣬾ûв´õҲǽ
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ѿս֮УƾӲģ³϶ʮҡ
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Ҫȥὣ׹׷ߣ鲶ͷֻصһһŮϣҵǵټͺðˡκӵĿ˿ݵϵһƬںӡ˵
Ҫҳ֮ˣҲס
»Ȼκ̬ܲȻʶλ׹׷ߣ˵ʦˣ⵹ǲ׷ˡ
˼ӣһѲҶŵǽѰ˭ɱ˭һٵȥʬ𼣣˺ããģĸطܶȥҪҵס޷ԭһǱɱߺ̨Ӳǲ𣬵ڶԭʵòԶǴ󲻵ˣ±˴вʲôϢֱȥ
˶ֵƶϣӦŹ̶ԲŻй˼ɣҪһЩϢеķĩмһЩ۶ϵĽĩֵϢֻҪá⡿һţѭϢҵѣǼ򵥡
ֻܲͷİȮëСˡ
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˵䣬κԱߴһЦǲĿһ㣬ҲͦãҶЩ᲻ɱˡ
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һУ͸ӦǰһСһΣȻ޶˶˵ƽưߣ㿪׹ⱬ档
ʹҫĿǲˮʵһëΪɻҡ
Сӱýڡ
УɵײŴͨһٵ
ȻӲһܲ⻹𣿡
ճʮֲ졣
н죬׹ƺ׷ȥٿһԡ
ʯյɴ۾ȵúϲ£죬ʱѿȷݡ
һһӿռ֮ͻأεǼΪϤ
ʱʱճҦϲ˶սҦϲֵԼճ𼫴ȳ
кһһ۷ʱôϲ
ܲͷСģ̫ҽҲס׹⣬һϣͽ
ʯպ˻ߣΪǡ
κȴð
ôĻûͰҵĵƱ¶ʯա
ճȴЦĵԭܲͷǽ
ѣһķǿȴǲ
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ÿһӰг˿˿׹⣬ʯ֮˭ҲУֲ١
ʵҦϲֵİٹҹ÷
ճʹãԻĿȴûаɭ֮УһִĴ
ӰէէڹӰݰըƬƬһ׹ĵκġ
ûʵκܲ뷢һȣҡ䡭
һâǧǧӰǶҡһ㣬ƺƴĴ


1134 Ȼϣ

һ̣κûй˼ǽҪϵ׹⣬˿Ӷܡ
ǿתȫȻ
ܿóһ㣬֮ʱÿ纣ӿԲ֮ľȫ΢ۣв챻紵վסţæˡ
Щ͵ԽԽԶ±ս
ƽֻܶԸһЩƦå޷ǾŹٸҫѡ
Ը֣Ǿǰ衣
ûһɢΪܲͷĵԭʡ
κǿһȶõľὣеɱСҡ䡱
һǧžƴܵƣҲҪһʤ
޵֮˶ܶٸӦݾ̣Ѿ˲
ǰȵȫ׹ĽҲܰü
ЩκҲһЩԸ˵ĵˣڿҪ֮ʱԼĽһʱ֮£йдýϹۡ
ˣԼġ
ɽǰһƬա
κϸո¶ϲɫ;ֵһգһմߣԼش类̣ʹ衣
âߣⱬһɾֱֱ͸
ľ㱻ײɳȥݺݵڵϷ˼Ȧ
ȫʹһûɫѪ³Ϣ˿˿̣ҲѪ
ǿѹͷ𵴣̧ȥȴһ

ճһƬӰ𴦣Ҳ˲ȫľͳ˿
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һ٣ͣ½ŲѪɫת֮󣬷Żָ
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սĵ˻Ҫǿϲ٣ϧǿľвʱýôͲܸϢĻᡣ
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ϣϡ
һնȥնƿռ䡭

ʯʵͶ̥ճҪá
ɹ֮󣬲񣬱ΪŲͷֵҲһƱ֣ʮֲ
ǣǼǿͭͷǣʱηϵһ׻ԪüΡ
ƾٴﵽ׶塣
ңԭçʯ֮ԱᣬҲΪʲôƣΪײԼҡùáҲ֪˵һЩܡ
ں޷֮˶Էһ󹥻Ȼˤڵأ˵ͷӴ˱ôɵɵ
ˣ⣬ӹ֮ʱ졣
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á
ͬçţһӴǰͻֱȵõ죬ɽ
û֣ơ

ճڿͻ֮ʱҲɵаĿ
֮ļԷΪ۰򣬾Ϊ˴˵ĳȻ
ֻһЩͨ似Ľ׺ڣԼΪ㡣
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ԽԽǿУճҲѹԼĹ
Сܷ֮գһ׹ͬſκɶȥԵɫѷ꣬ѿռһ״ĺɫС
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ճгһһڵѷ׹֮һǽⶸȻһ٣ɢһƬɢԡ
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æһѽסɫȻͷҲһصļȥ
еʯͷֻϣԷˡ



1135 Ȼ£
Զͣˡ
ճڡۡĻӶ޴ûѵ
ɽʯľȫ꣬ѾĴ󴸴һƬǼ
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1139 һδƽһ£
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öԣҲ֪Լ๫Ҫȥʲô
ʱ洫һľľڼңҽݳˣٸڷݡ
ٺУճ߳ţһЦˣǴ󲮼ҵĴʣõƹ񣬴ʱûǰֺģ
ճ֣æҪߡ
ճ䲻ãҽݳ£ԼӪ²ǴӲֵֵܲ𣿡
Ϲ˾ҪݣǶң½ˡ
ҳҲˣˣæţôôɣҡԼдõģӪǸҼֺֻܷ죬ˣȥͣ˰ɣҲǮһ굽ͷûӡ
ճǼǵã׻ڴ֮ʱôЩȻš
˵ûдһָʹš
ôһˣôܻԭ£
ճԸȴľִҲԹء
⡭
ʻ˵ʲôճһأͰλƹĹˡ
Ц֪ͨãǱ̾жˡ
ЩʵҪԼ֣ٸ˾Ǻð¡
õǰһһε˵²

طٺУؽڣճ׼װˡ
ͲǱӣȻˣûҪȥǲǻڲ
ȥԺһˣ粻˳٣䡣
ȥһ˾ͱùŹ֣ȫ־ʮջ
֪ԷõʲôճҲððȻĶֽ
֣쳣״̬Σա
ң̫̫ȱҲֻǱԻǰ򵥡
ԷʲôֶΣҲֻȥ·ص㣬Ħһ¶Էʡ
Դͷ֣õĽ취
ȻҲܰȥ˵ʢ˶ӣ¡
е졢ض굹ûʲô⣬ֻ𣬿Ǵ˴ʱ˱ʣ֪ͺã̬ȸƽʱһ¶
ԶĽŲԶȥճһ鼮װƵľ䣬һ涣
ʡãҪҸ๫һɣʲô鶼иӦ
Сᡣ
㻹Ų๫ı°޷ģ㲻£Ҳȫˡ֮նԺǱ߲ܵ飬׵ģǱԻ꣬ӴԴ䣬Щɳյһȫ񶼻ڡ桿ϣĶȫٹġ

С֪α
һԼ꣬ˣں飬ȫѰһȫȫȥ̷Īеİˡ
붼ĺ
úݶֶΣ
ĬȻ
СúܲճοЦֻͦ򵥵һ飬Ҳ̫ˣȥܿͻͥԺʱһȥĵȴɡ
áͷʰ
ðǮȫϣһЩͦصġ
๫ôһ
һЦЩģҴճļٻֵҲòʲôǮһˣ๫㲻ҪڽðլأҪȥ¡ֵԺˣͬݷʦѧȵȣЩʡȫ׼һЩչܶϼʤ㡣
Ȼ๫ĲѧǼõģ˵ˣԺ֮ʱʲôܷǲŪҲ̫ᡣ
УϴǼҵļ๫ͱˣҹЩ˸ܿܲġ
ָһš
ϾǴϻ۵ľ飬Ȼɽã顢ȴԼ˵Ķܿ˵ͼıʵ򵥡
ճĿЩߣ๫ǲ̫ˣ˵ϲ߶ˣ㲻ϲԸĵġ
ãͦãһעģͽˣǽҲҪ̫ͣ塭ȥ˳׼һЩҩģܼ
ֻǸС
ճϧں㷢оë׵ģ鲻ɴá
Цһ䣬ٺУ߳Է
һ㣬ճе﷿ڸ˵˼䣬̫̫Į񣬲ɵ̾˿
߶šնɴȺ֣ӿһɲɶֹɱ⣬ž߳Ժӣ󲽳塣
̤С·𻪷ȥ
󣬺񼱼ճıӰԶȥԭأãתȥ


1140 ۻϣ
쵽ˣ·ôߣǡԶһߵĵ·
ɫ޺޵һڣ˱߱ģһûһ˵Ż
󷽲ԶĬǰеģλӣżһԺ
ƽţܻ˸š
˼Ҿˣ̫ƽ£ҲżҶԺοʱ
ȻΪĸһС·⣬ֻһϰߡ
֪Źӵ£֪Էȥִ忴ͬľǼ٣ʵټһˣذС·ҲֻΪĿġ
ݾģ
կڷ캦һ׮׮һֱаԣǣǰ˵ľ֪һܰɣ
ǹʼʩˡ
ЦЩ⣬ϴξ˵ŵĿɶ񣬼Ѫľŭ֡
ǴԶ˵Щ˵Ķ¡
磬˵һ˵Щ⣬䰮С飬֪ӻ᲻ŭڣֽƴ
Ҹ֪⣬ôһ˵ˡ
չЦǿ̣벻̣Ҳ̲˵ģϧĳ˴СǼһͨˣҲǴ򲻹»ͷľ֡
̷һ㶣ҲԱЦãկ˱ǧɢڽ𻪳⣬ЩѵҼﵹ֪飬ʱṩһЩͣ룬ȴǰѹøҪһЩ

Ц
˭֪կǸѣ漸ͷΪǿ
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뵽֮ҲһЩ
뵽ĳԵ飬Ҳ¶Ц⡣
ӷ˸ŸЦͷ·
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֪żҹӣһһε
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ʵϣֻǿʫƸ۵ĺŶѣЩƣڹűȴˡ
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ճͣ½ŲϸϸĹ۲ˣһһʻ졢һŵӡ
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ȻǰҵɵˣһƲɣһ𣿾ǲ֪һҪʲô
ﲻΪȻϱȴ˿ԡ
ЩԶֻ֣Լɵ£ûţԼҲô³İν͸ɣҲδ̫ۡ
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Ƚӻ
컹̧ۿִ巽¶Է˵Ļ
˼ѾţȥԷп˼ţֻҪɵӾܿס
˵ɲǾͷʱľͷѵúܣЩ鲻̫ԣԷͲ̫
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˵ʣҪػزȴûϵԷ˳ھʹӦƶǰûһ٣ﲻһ㶡
ˣľƽȻŲѧȴΪԸͼҾԭ˸ãǶ
ˣǼΪ顢ͬġ
ټϴε飬Ҳû˭ȥ룬һж
ûзգҲ
ֻΨһ˷ĵһͷ
ȻڵŶִĳˣЩģﰵ̾ǾʵԺڼЯɩһͬУҲиӦȥճһЩ¡
⻰תͷĿ⾼
ճ粻һź˵ǺǣĸոȬڼչأʵ߲
˺䣬߲Զɫͱ
һ紵жһЩʪ⡣
죬Ҫˣǽ߼ǰһҿ͵꣬ñ꣬ҲܺϼЪЪš
˿ɫ̷ͻȻ˵
ȫƺá
ճҲû
Ȼ֧ССܵסˮȴҲûȤð·
תɽ꣬С·תǰ·ֱͨԶ͵˹ٵˡ
ֲ·Ҳܼ࣬һչ·ԴһҰ꣬Իͣһ
˳Сܼӭǰʺá
żҵˡ
˴˴ƽЩ»ָ湫ӵ̬Цճ꣬ŵеһЩɽҰζ˵͵ʣΪԨ
һЦţʱʱ仰Ҳͷռá
ճֻţ̤ţһƮһǡ
ббԴŵģһλֲӣƳԲˡ
ͷ­ʹͷԵüΪ죬ƺѾ˺üһ
ճľȴӦŨѪζоƬɨУд̣Ȼǽ֡
ŻҺ֮γ
Թ
ɱ̫࣬캦̫ı
ڵź棬Ϊ֪Ľ䣬ȴżĿ⣬ŴֲӣԶƳҲǺ֡
кϷˡ
ճɫЦЦ



1141 ۻ£
캢棬һ
ֵʱǰգͻȻա
˼ϼ˵ţ
ţưoһĴꡰžž졣
ӷ֪ΪΣоһ䣬æѵŹϡ
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δռȻҲûвֻɣֽɹⲢá
һ죬ͬǰһ㡣
ƹĴۺţСϵ
Ҳ⣬ԹԵڴмһǰ˵ңõľƣõĲˣܸ
֣뼸λ͹ԵƬ̣̾
£Ʒϲˮ
˵һЩѧȤ£̸ԺԵĿѺҲڡ
Ϊͼı̷ԶճһЩ̸֮д
죬Ҳѵõ˵һ䣺ľֵĲŻСģԺţ֮ͬɵöҪ˲ǡ
ճȻЦŵͷӦͼ䡣
ǸԼӡЩһ
ǰδӴȴҲʡ
Ļ̥ҲЦ
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һΣȥʱ޵˵쳾ģ粻õȴҲżֵ
һ˵߶ԶʱĲǿ˶ٱöٴУǿǷﵽǸ硣
жؾжԽԽԽܷԭıʣԽӽӽ
Ȿһݾ
뵽ճȻʧЦ죬棬ԼҲ£һЩ
Լ̫
ӣ⼸˼ȻԼȻǺȻ
Ұˣɱʬһ˰ˣǿ㣬ȴôġ
ȥһ磬͵һĹʵһԽߵıر
԰˷ߵóԶ
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ǸöûµöãȻͻ⡣
һпȭͷϰߣԺĶĲ
ϾεԽ֮㼶ʵԼƿأСĽһ˷Ӵ磬ʱҲȭͷ³ç£ߵô졣
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ճû͵̸ϰߣֻ۲һ£ҲͲע⡣
֪Ůӣ̸һˡ

ڲõúܰóǸ뷨ˡ
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Ůһ˫۾ӯӯˮ۾һգͺ̺ǧ
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ŮüЩҡͷЦСٻôϤģȤġ
תͷ˿Уɫࣺò̬ϵѪϢҲµûӦþկ󵱼Ѧԡ
Ȼ˵ɥСٻѾƱһ٣תͷȥȻǷߺޣ̣ܿ书ôãܲɱ
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ƺ֪СٻԽﲻ̫˽⣬ܿ̿ЦһԳвС
οץ׽ײûʲôãγСﲻҪ£Ҫġ
רҵ飬ȻרҵԸԱ߼ȻѾѦԣҲԼԽ޴ҡ
Сٻģ̻̲ܿסС͸¶Ҹղڵòӡµıǣʱ䣬ҲӦÿ쵽ˣѦӲ˵ġ
ŮϲЩЦ⣬ܿҡͷ
ѾͷʲôãĳЩݡ
ΪǧС㣬١廨ѧһЩʿʫʶǺõģЩ伲཭ʲô
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γҲΪСٻ˵ǰõһۣ޵˼֮󣬱Ű
ûסԼһ˼Һݺݵʰ˶٣óһ
ǵãСٻʹȰܲҪ޸λӵܣϧܿģվı䲻ʲô
뵽ܿЩ㯣̾ϢһңĹթ֮꣬಻ʤ¡
СٻҲһСᣬſڵܿҸղ˵ĲѦԣǼ
ЩûʲôװôͲǺˣ
㿴һģ뺦ˡڶͷλų䡢ٵǵĿꡣ
ɣǶ֮ͬʱҲһźҵû
̺ܾܿ棬ɣȴŵġ
СʱСٻͺֱܷģ֪ƶ
˿µĽǶȸܻЩͬ
Сٻûش𣬾ôмһЦվٱһ鼤ĸľ֣밡կȺ˶УǷѦԣҽᡢɱ飬ϲˣԩûһǧҲа˰ˣˣȴǱŻҪɺޡ
ŶճƱһھƣλͬƵĿԼЦȴǳɵˣҵȴǲò֣ŹٱͲ죬Ӧܾ缩ðɡ
δܼ첻ľֵų̆룬ǺεȺ֮ΰҲӢۣģһȴ˹ĪӢڣ֮󣬾תӡ


1142 ֪̰ϣ
ճһ䣬Щȥȥ޷ͬ·ӡ
ԴǶԭľ˵ʵɱ޴
һϹҲסѪ֮£˵ͻݵ¼
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ƾèׯڰʽǲ
һأܿܶಡ齣֮ء
˶ֱܵɱִҲ˵
⼸һü̫ݣȫȻ˿ء
˵𡾳ס仰ʱв¶ļԹճ΢΢ӦŻȻ
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Ҳ֪λ￴˺
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ԭĻţ᲻أ
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ճ˵䣬Ͳ˵ǰ£Ҳ漸˵ɫͻ䣬ֻǷ¾ƱݵЩв̤һվǻزͷġ
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ǰ˵ֵĽǧɣƴ󣬲ھŹϵһݣǲ˵ġ
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ҾͲˣȻôΪʲôҪһֱȥͽƴأ
켸ɫ৵һòҰס
Ҳû뵽Ѫظ쾹Ȼ˾絶ģԼ˵һЩıǫ̃˵¡
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ॵһͻ缤
һֺ𣺡ƾǼСӣҲѦүүկҵ٣ʱκβ£յϢ˵
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ΪһԼʮnڹڣֳֺᵶ
ءһӥվĴֲ󺺣һ¡
ľ𻨷裬棬һñ
ͻȻԾӰһ֮ڰջһգڷһ㣬˲΢΢飬һչնһƬ
Хͷֱ䡣
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ճķ֣λһֱڴ⣬Ⱥʱ겶죬ȻϵãһֱΪǵСû뵽Ҳƴʱ
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Ҳǰпֻ࣬ŵȴֵ룬ðʯͷʱץλޣȴûϵԷͻȻԴ󷢣żλȻ֡
ǰһͻʵǴֲѦԻӶִ̳Ƭţ伲Ю򼸸ȥ
͵мһ˴ˣԣһȻԭأþƱһ
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ȻҲṈ̀
Ȼһ֮ȴ⡣
˱ͷ­ѾûϢ˾ɾȵá
ûǰġ
ЩԼûֱýͱѾģѾլʺˣﻹʩȣ
ֻǿżλͬڵеĺžˮûгԲˡ
ոע⵽һƬѪ䵽ϣǲ˻ǲΪá
˳ĴύѣѰʤ֮⣬ģ̸ƣԽܵķȻʮ˽⡣
Ǵֲ޺һ֮У˶ˣոԼ˺ɱ޾ȻԼȾơ
ڵУʹÿҪιȥͷԷ֪ΪǰճĵԼ˵ݡ
ʲô£׻йϵҳӷ˵ٵȵȡ
һֳá
Լ䵽˲״춼Ҫֽкˡ
ǣ׵ǣλѪظغƵΪλ˺
׵ǣͬܵ˹Լ˵ˣޱȣǸһȴȻϾĶţ治ɫļȾƣ



1143 ֪̰£

һѹŵĽྪС
ճתͷȥ
һŮУͿǱɴķ䡣
Ů֮Ŵмȥ̬ճ浣ˤ
ڽûˡ
ӰһһŮǰ棬ȵΣգǰȥ
ȷûĽ˺衲ͷ֣иԾҲһߣŻݳһ
ܵ˵Ǵֲ޺ռϷ硣
ԸƺΪ𱬣衼͵Ϯ֮󣬸ǿ̬¶һ߳һ߹Ц۵衣˵참һףǳϵģ书ȴϡƽκܲ˵úذɣ𻪸þȻҳͷ
κɷ˴Ϣһҹ˷ѦҲ֪ġ
𻪸ٷ𵥴κͷ̫ķˣĲ顣
㱻˵ͷĺ֮ʯգҲôһ¡
һȫƾǿᣬӲ̫ʹɵСӣʲôµġ
˼֮ѦԸʮ㡣
һХ
ڵ۵Уһˣﰵпࡣ
ĵʯͷôϵٲο»ǲ
ѾûȥעԸгֵŮӣϸƣֻȫעӦɽĵơ
̣ܿȥæûµġСٻҲˡ
ԽԽ裬һз죬ûԶҲо棬ľ
ðɣСٻԶһ㣬𿿽Ǽ
ܿ̾һ֪ʱٲ֣ôҲ˵ȥˡ
СٻͨգվǿƣĿǰƣټһԼʵôĲǺܴ
ոߵһʱ˶٣Ѿûֱ̫
һ
ȻӦȴҲǹϣûʲôĻڵϺݺһ̤ȸڿշ𡭡
ӹɣڴһ㣬ݵһֱѦԵĺġ
ƿռ졣
òֲ顣
ܿ⣬־ֱҪȻҲǾþɱĺݽɫ
Сٻһ
ӡܿ书ǿ֪ɱ˶ٰ࣬ٵˡ
һߣʤɳʮ
ǵûܸ˭
̺ܿͺ鲶ͷ֣ѦԿ϶Ӵ˽ˡ
Сóһ˺ɲüë򼸸ӷסϱֹѪ
ӷһᣬ˻ƣҲвϱ۹βȴǼҡ
ˣճʵûʲôεıҪˡ
Ŀ֪Էôģ
ܲϲѪƫͷӣȴҧİˣҪܴɡ
㲻æ𣿡
Сٻճʵ
ſͬԮֵľٶﵹûֻ֣ţԼҲȥ⼸ıԼļһɡ
㣬ͲἱŰ˹ˣԶһ㣬ǿܡ
ճŮ޴ӣչЦ
ĳõˣŮˣ̬Ǻº͵ġ
ȻǼģС꾫ҲѷɫֺһŨŨһĸо
ֻǿţ;ƽϲ֡
ţһഺãҸĸо
ҼǸɵܵܣ䲻
ûɵģճԺﷺͷ
ͷһ룬ҲȻ
ϾԺСٻֻҹпతµһֻĻŮȻҲ̸ʲôڲˡ
ֻҪôһ˶ϧƶжĪɡ
绨ഺԺּճҲֻ̾Ϣ컯Ūˡ
ʲôճ˵СٻЩãȻʵ
׶Է˵ʲô˼ֻоƵ̫ƽˣҶԼûʲô⡣
һʳ˶ԷָɫҲǴ䣬ΪоȻ䡣
޽ܿȴҲˣһбѩ
Уֲ޺ͻȻգһ
ϰһ𣬡һ·ѿ
һɺĳڿ͵У۰ķƬƬɻ˸ҫ⡭
ˣ˻һϡ
µͷŵ
ȻϽ֪Щʱ˱ܡ
ʱȫûƽﵨСµӰӣһֵͬҲɫһݣ˴ǰ壬ҲƬƬѿı
СٻҲᵽɤ̴ܿʱҧأ˫սüģǰ㣬һǰͻնǰƮͬȸȫһ
Լṥᣬǿǿ̬
նСٻϳһʽ
һܿϾ֮ʱ˵ĻŽԺƣӲ˫ʹСٻǼ˫սóնʱǾʱˣʱֻ˵ñȵһ㡣
ǵܿ¶һ˿ɬƺĳЩ˵£롣
Ȼ˼ǾƴʱҲûô
ôЩ꣬ܿһֱԼߣȻû½գʵѾ˳˽һֹ״̬
ʲô˱ˣʱССٻ롣
ºͣԱ˲ԸҲʣֻ֪ܿôЩ˫սȫ
̡ܿ
Сٻ٣ȵУͼнӰţͻȻϣͻأֿ
һ߰׹ӹءһҳ׷
ǰص棬ֱϣأ
Ѫⱬ
λǰһ𣬵ڵϻԶ
ȴ˳ԶŰ븩סѦԣŽơ
ҲѪмսճʾɡ
Ů˻ܿ˫ֳַ棬΢࣬ȻնõļʽĿҿȣƷǣ衻Ϊǣƺʱ˻
ճۼ⣬ȴս˫ִεδѪ£˵ͣըڡ
жأǾֻԼ֪ˡ
ܵս⣬Ѧͷһ̬ͷ˿ԼǰһۣѪ
Ȼֻˣ㴦ܻܿѪ
Ů˵޽֪ܶҵıѩû˵ڽмս
һСᣬѦվǲðա
ԽãԽΣգս󣬸ٸҲһΣǰĲһֱشоܲµԷ϶ûе룬ڵȵаյʱз
ֻԼһʱѪ˳ҪնɱǶ֡
ô˵õҲ쵽ˣ
뵽뵽˵ԮٿԷλֵƴɱ֮ģѦսȫ
һվһȵ´䵥ûֺˡ
仰ѦһԾҪߡ
Ӵ屾ֻԭػӵΣʱһȴͬһƬҶ磬ŵŷȥ
Ȼá
Сģܿոշͼһ⣬ŭ
Ҫǰ壬ȴоǰһڣ᲻֪Լǰƴһ˼վѾǵ˼ޡ
Ҳû뵽ѦԻײе˵زǰ˳һСٻŵն
Хĵ磬һضն˳ųƣžͻնСٻͷ­


1144 ԭϣ
裬һļХ
ִ׳̣ЦŤŵףһȥĵ㺮
СٻĿһùԺһƬհס
Ժﶼûܵͷʵϣƾ֣ܷӦҲǶ㲻ġ
﷢һͬ۵СèճҲ̲סü
ŵСˣǸ
һӵûϵôѿģǸˡ
λƺЩ䣬һ
˵ĸо֣һֻӬȥʮַˣϡ
ţо
һֻڵ𣬾ڶߣܿҪԼ۾ȥСٻնϳصĳ
ģȻԲ˫Ŀ
ƹ͵ڻƣʱèӶڹ̨£Ŵ죬ƺҪС
ʹ˶񡭡
ûѪ罦ҲûʲôնΣû޵ĹЦ
Ŀһʹ˶ڰա
һ۾룬Ծšţ㡣
ס
˲Լ۾
һ˫ƣָƮƮס˰ɫѪȾĵ棬ɣ⡣
ɷޣʱһҲײˡ
ûʲô˼룬龪֣ɫһ˲ͱѪ죬֪ԼһĴ
һϢ֮䣬Ϲž죬ֱۼʹ࣬һšƣ̤õּӡ
𶯵ţۿžҪӼָȴεĶ·ЩšʵķȫǼǴ
ѦԵɫѪòҰףͣѪˣҲǿ־¡
ߵˣʱﻹס
ԼóýʴͻҲȫŬţ뺣ƺǰһ޵ԨһС
ѭԭһǡ˲ңҲˡʱ򣬾ĶˣûǵͷҲȥܵġճЦ˵ȴʮֵĮ
ѣеĴһкº͡Уָסľٶȴ͸һɹɱ
Ѧһ֮дʱ䶼ڵͷѪɱˣڱ׷ɱ·ϣĶȥˡ
׶ԷǱ̨ʣǾǣǵˣ͸
ѪͻȻЩţһתһԲһš
²Ϊ֡
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չһ˲ۿҪӡ
һΣѦԾɻ䣬ⲢʲôǼ򵥵һһδˮڵԽ֮ǧٴΣսֶΡ
Ȼǰ֮УҲɵð̾ѦԵȷŽıǮ
һʮȫ棬ûƫӦ־档
ʱͶսһɱúǴҽᣬٸɱһж
ֶΰٱ䣬Чֻ׷ʵá
֮̾ϧһߵ´βֻ֪ж˼ꡣ
˱У̫ݶԡ
կҪ¯϶ҪʽĴɱӡ
ϧǣԼѾˣϢҽʹʱ᲻ȥ׷ֻĿţκβ˶Է
뵽Ϳָ΢һһ
һ̣죬Ĥը÷١
ѦԵոչֻԾһ룬ͱǵ̫Ӱֱֱģءһ˴̨֮ϡ
ķ죬һʱ˵ֻǾȫŤתͷ­ȻУžƱ˿һ˿㯡
ӿУѦҲûйעԷľٶ
۽һֱûʲôĶûзŭݣҲû׷أԷûһ˿رı顣
ȻѦԾ͸оһʹĵд̴ࡣ
˻ӵԽ󣬶ԽԽѵûзôĹսĴҪ׺ݡ
ѦԺ⣬⡣
һ£ʮÿ׺٣벻ԼһΪ֮ԺĿǷֵá
Ҳǰ߲ȥһͺˡ
СٻһɣŷԼϳһëëϸͷ΢΢ѣһ㵹һࡣ
ոյľգ˵ʵ̫̼ˡ
һ浣̣ܿһѦԵײС
жľľ¡
֮£Щʹˡ
㣡
ӦʱѾһͷԵճĻ
һŨϢӶԷϴɱȴûʲôŰϢ峿⣬Ǻϵݣºš
׾ֱܷģܸӦ˵ƶ󣬴ʱҲɵЩ
ذ
Сٻϸϸķֱָо飬վ
ճһѷס壬ıŵվվˣºЦСٻ£ѾûΣˣûϰ䣬Ժٳ߶˰ɣǶĲۣѾˡ
ţõġ
СٻһůӦ
һ˵ŸоЩʧ񣬼ȫƲһԣһȣæ˿
ҪʶԷôԼвģȴֲ˼ֻǿ˹ı䣬ٺУ΢΢һ񣬾ʩʩȻת߳š
ŽŲ̤̤ǽԶȥ
˭Ǹ书Ҿδ˵
ܿƽʱСٻʱңȫûйעŮĲȻֻǿʵ
˵ǰѦ书ǺǿǿҲ֪֮С
ڽʱҲԼеĸ֣Ȼ򲻹ǿöġ
ǣֶΣȫˣѾΥѧ
Է֮ʱûиܵʲôƣҲûʲôǿѪ
ֻͬ׽סһֻһֻϣд⡣
еǷȻȤˮʯϣɸ죬ֻӦ˲Ŷԡ
⻹𣿡
ܿоޱȻĵתͷ衲ͷȴԷҲǿԶȥıӰ˼
ͬǣλͷϵıʮֹŹ֣־һֻȻ


1145 ԭ£
衿ճıӰԶ룬Ժһͷڻص벻쳣Ϥ
ƽ԰ľԼķжϡŲλϴ˽ʮ꣬һС찾һĴͷûƾʲôЯȫǿԼʵ졣
ʵϣܲͷκɽųƹۣһ书ޱȣƾư֮ܲλ
ôܳһʱ䣬۵֮СΪ֮ɥ
ټλ鲶ͷԸ
µͽʲôݣʲôû˭еľġ
ư֮ΪСǹĿԺȻȻγɻ档
ʲôˣֻҪǰʮܻ꣬
ܼǵöԷЦò˵֮ʱÿһĲ
츳ģư˿켣Ӷԭ࣬Ϊ档
ôһʱ䣬ܶڱΪ۲ͷ
ưƵöˣͻˡ
ôһЩ˲أ治ͻġ
һ衽ͷ⣬˳Ļؼҡ
ʱԼѾڳæˡ
ؼҲȱȲ裬˰ﱼƣȻĳһ٣ٶԼҶŮæµݣʮֳʵġ
ӵڼңֻŮѱȥѼУ֪סϰ߲Ѿͷƽû׺˯᲻ҹأ
Щ飬Ͼ¶Цݡ
ߵԼҸʱɫͱˡ
ƽҼҴ̵ʱȫűջ͸ŴԼЩ塣
ǲ飬ܻؼС
ͼŶѪȡ
ӵѪСҲأԱ߻һ仰ѪѪ
Ժ󣬺鲶ͷͱһˡ
СŮ˼ңҲӹٲǰҴҳģ
һʱ䣬һҴ󻧱һҹţȫСȮ
⻧˼Ӿؼ̽׵СӣҲһն
Ȼ⻧˼ҵĴΪɱ˶޵飬ǰץȥţն
⻧˼ҵ¼ճԭ참ĺ衺鲶ͷվҲ̳
±ƽӹҪ֣Σյʱܵñ˭졣
ֻÿһнٺȻԼСŮΪѶգĽҲû֮

һΣͷѦԵټҲ֪֪ͨҪ
ûðյ˼ֻҪһֱȣȵŴϵŻһΧ
ԸͽѣҲȥçײ¡
º֪ŭ𣬻ߵʩԹ̳ͷҲν
ǣλ֪ԼҲ⡣
ΪʶеļˣżҵĹӡ
СŲǰ衳Բ˶ߣ֪˶óϼֹ䡣
ûʲô֣ǾͲ鷳пܱ
ΣӴ˲ա
ԣһֱƽӹĺ鲶ͷڲò֡
üСŮӴûеչˣֻƴȥս
Ҳӱܡ
ڿܿСٻʱ򣬺衸֪һΣһˡ
٣ףְ̰ˣѾȫ
ƹģȥﱨţȥҽ
ƹæӦ¡
Ⱥŵżһͳʱֳ龰Ǵľ
ǻ˸ģܿѾڿǲ
Ϊֻ뿪һᣬͳ飬ԼҰ꣬ΣѲ˸ϵġ
ҲһӲǨŭˡ
ָǰʲô飬ǲȥˡ
ܿ췢飬ǼĶԻԼѦΪγɱ˵ǰǻɣ²˵ԸƹͻƵ˰£衵ɫһЩ˵
˵ܿʵҲǸСٻ˵һ˿
ľľʶʽã˵鲶ͷԲչ£Բɾţû뵽
ܿʵɫЩÿ
յľգ˵ճޡ赶ɱ˵棬Ȼм־Сٻ˵û˿ԹȴǼٵġ
ЩͷʱˣԼСٻǰˣҲڻǻΣ֡
Ů˱ʸ񲻽
ܿӲƴѦһȻûд󰭣ʵ徭ʹ˺صˣʱǿгš
⣬ȴǲ¶ӣԺ衣ȻǷ
衵֪Ů˵ƢҲΪ⣬ֻǿЦ
޽֮ͲʲôóƺŮ˶Сٻʮ׽ƣȴһֱЦԸˣδı䡣
Ȼ˵ò̫Ҫ˵ʲô⣬á
͵͵Ŀ˿ܣûעԼ˵̸Сܿ˻֮ڣ֮ǧ˳ȥ֮Ǳ͸¶ǰǵĽ̸Ϊ˻סΪԼ
⻰ʮֹŹ֡
ܿûףЦĿ衵鲶ͷԽԽˣ
ȻڿЦҲΪ鲶ͷʱ䣬ʵ̫ãʱʱ̲סץסСİѱȡЦһ
ȴûЦ㲻ҵĻаɣðɣʱκܲͷҲһУǲţȫʯͷƴϺҲδϾɱͼˡ
ʲô
̨ŰԼ˴Ųȫܵ¼ʹ÷з
ΪٸˣܿһЩϸں飬ҲͨҪһЩ
ȻΪһͨˣΪκֻ֡
ǿǹ͵ɽټһɽ״ĵֱ֮ˡ
Ѿǽ𻪸Ӧ˵ġ
ڱǸȫ޹˼ɣܻܿ˭Ҳĺ
ȷû֮£ܿЩˣæѹɤԳЦ˵֮˼°һʧȻῴǰֶ֣ôҲ²⣬еĲ²ȫЦˣ˼ǸͲһΡ
˵ܿҲЩȻˣ¹Ȼ˵ȥ
ͻʱΪѵȻǹٸ
˼ҪعأӣƫƫҪѸӽҿһɢ˭Ҳֲźá
衵ȻЩΥģȴǰ˰Ｚ
ϽϽԲúܡ
СٻһᣬͻȻڵҿˣ鲶ͷˣֻҪǲȫصĵġ
ǣС˵úܶԣʵǺģɱ֮ȫʲôöˣҲǸɱҲɱˡ
ﻹһʣٷల£˶ԷײŵķҲȻÿɷ񣬵ȻǹٸȻߺͿ޿κΡ
ÿ֪׼֮ʱþͻ¡
ǳԷԳһֻǰҹͷѪ
һΣСٻʧٵ飬ȻҵˣȴҲŪʮ־ա


1146 ·꣨ϣ
Щв֪ǿӲǲȻŭҲòһ
ºȻԾ̨ܼŵһһµĻδͻɼ֡
˵ıԣҲֲ
ҲΪ£𻪳ĵĶһ
˵ǴСȴȥǡ
˵׻ڽͷо֮ӴӰ̨ڰ壬ûǡ
ϱûв͸ǽ´˳ȥϢͨˣȻš
һֲܿƵһţ֮󣬴˶Ƴƿġ
绨ܿСٻ衵Ļɣûжճ񣬷˼֡
ǴӦѼλ̸ճ赶ɱ˵ûһ˿ǿ
Сٻϸ˺鲶ͷ峿ɽжΡ
СٻΪԭʣһ¶ٳţֻڻҽһЩ£־ֹ˵ЩʿˣһЩ
ҲŮԡ
ѪڵĽģǶʫԻ೪ͼȤ
յǼʫûУ⽣ӰĶǵȴǼò١
彥ȥ֮󣬻ǰһߣط̵龰ȴĵĶһ˿о
򡢹Ŵͨʵĺ֣ڽϣˮƽǼɵĲ졣
ΧѦԣһնؿڣ˵Ҳǲᣬȵȥҽݵʱ̧ߵġ
衵˲Ҫ˵ȥСٻȴ֪ʵΪȻ
ҲΪ֪ץͽҲΪ֮ԺĵǣԽ֮µԹ
Ҳ⣬˵ƾκãҲ϶˲
ε¼ŽǶ˵ȻŹͣڳм󻧣żңͲôһˡ
ץҲͰˣԼҶӲ¾Ͳ˵
ǻȥԹֹٸҲκβ֪ţԼ죬ȴô
ʵҲǿǺܵġ
ͨ죬׾ͳΪ˵Ǩŭ
飬ǺҲǰﲻæģֻܵµͷ취
ٹһᣬҽҲˡ
ǹԣŸͷʮ
ڿ͵̷ͣ⴦Сꡣ
ԺǿƣһͲѦԵ״˼䣬ÿɷľСٻ˻سǡ
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ǰΪŵ飬֪пԼڽ𻪵ĿСķ֣ύ˲ţҲЩջԾʱġ
Լʮ߰ˣ֪ʵǺֻԳΪǹˣĺ޵ƴϼʮжܡ
𻪳ǵʱˣͷһղˡ
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ز֮ӳǿս֪ϢĶˡ
ҽƣ£Ծľѵ˽Ϊҽ죬ҲΪʡ
ԣһƿؾƣСٻ̻ظ衺ͻܿҲûбʾ顣

͵ҽݵʱֱŴͨ˷ֿ
һЩ򵥵˿ڴͱ̧һµĲǿǰ˿ڵʹȴĵһǱסˡ
ȵĵı۾׼˯һᣬϤǶϰߵ
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ȵſ۾˵ӣô죿лͷСѾҲҽݲ
һֻǿǵĿԼɷ
Ȼ˵Ϊ죬ƴɱ˵֮أֻڴȴǺټ
˼ûʲôʶżĶҪ£ž޴־壬ôҲֹסᡣ
ȵǿͷƣοԼӺͶŮ˵ոճүйܼҴ˼ˣ֪๫˴ң֪ΪΣǹܼһǼһǧӣȻʲôҲû˵ˡ
˵СǿסС˵
һǧ
ˡ
ŵȻͨտԣ࣬Ҳ˸ԺȣһǧȴһҲľ޿
Ǯڽ𻪳ðһĴլԺ
ؼĵǮ͵ԼУ˾塣
ھԼСȫڱ˵ƿ֮ô
żҵĲƣΪò죬Ǳȳ˸
ȫҪôһСġ
ˣ
󵽵£Լûа쵽߲ȥ죬ֻʲô
뵽ɫһЩúѪɫ˺鲶ͷǰ飬ҲżҹӱƬ鼹׵ڵ龰һʱĬ

·ҰеЩ˵Ӱ쵽һӵ顣
ճ˵ֻ·ϵһЩ׺һС
ݺ˼ԼĻնɱѦԣ·ϲ֮˼ֻϣȫҪϡ
˳ǣҲȥҿջס£Ⱦ͵С
ȻǹŴҲڷн齻֮ĵطȴûǰ棬ֻһЩϢͨﾭӪ
һţӭ
ճ˵֮󣬸ʾǮòˡ
գճҵ˳ǶõһլԺ
լԺռؼ㣬̨ͤˮ鿣˵ľðġ
ǰЩǾȥȴ̫ڳԺ̶֣ʱͰѼҵܵþ⣬Ƿһʡ
ǣⶰլӾóۡ
۸ȻһЩǧӣִҲǧˣճǰʱ䷢һʺƣôһЩǮȫ⡣
õլ֮󣬾ȥУһЩѾӶ
ͥУ治ȥò硣
ΪһڳԵģʲôԸ
ܰԼȥΪūΪ澣ʱʵһҸ顣
ճǿ󣬶Щͨˣֻ⽻̸䣬ܲΡ
ԼѡһСŮѾʮʵ˼Ҷһӣһһˣܼҡ
ЩԺڣʱ
ϵ̫ϣùӶշһЩֲС
ճԺﵣαڻģ˵жߣҲǽ֡
Ļд𲻵ʲôãҲеޡ
ˣճһӣд֡԰ȡⲻΪ֮⡣
˴ɨͥ԰֮ʱùܼȥңȵһ׼ͣѾȻһ¡
æЩ飬ɫѾ磬ʱȥӼ˽Ҳ̫ʣճͰ飬լйһȦ
ϰڵһط͹۲Σ˽ܻңҪҪȥնһУͳʣòǸԺϢ
ңȥ
˳֪һˣӹ֪𷣣ǶڼˣʵڶԸҽݣճǰʱġ
߹һֵճסһƵϺѯնԺ飬ŶԷĿȣճ׷
ѯʵĵˣȫͬı飬㲻ŷңҲնԺĹ۸мá
תȥоһ̧ȥǰһһʿڰ졣


1147 ·꣨£
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ͯӣüĿ㣬Żɫֱۣϵף·֮ʱȡ
ϵʿ׷Ҿţǲɣӡ
ңһҲ۹żƶʱδϴ
СӣһʦûԵˣ׼Ӱɡ
Ҫʦָ·ˣҶˣûԱ
СͯһСţɷǿżǿĸȾ
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һĻճǲ򼸸ͷȥһ£ôС;ӸԼʦ̫ܽˡ
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ֺǺǵתͷСͯ˵ˣʦȥֵ㶫Ǳߵһܺóԡ
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ճһȤĿСͯһ͵Цһ߳˶ǶԲ
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棬ϵʿ˹άУֹһϺõĲôؼ
תͷճЦλӣǰѽܷҿһɺã
Χһ㶣ÿǰŻҰ׳ۣվԱٷ磬֮Ļꡣ
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ʲôʱģʲôʱԵ棿ȫ֪
ϻһٺУȴʲô
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뵽ǰϵʿϵ˻Ȼ򣬺ôЦֻ˵ޡ
ԭ˰һȫԹˡ
ϵʿֶΡ
ףأ
ͻȻ˿ʵ
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ϵʿתһֿڣӵһϣΪһֻ֣Ͽڹ⻬ࡣ
˻ΣͻȻɫһףۡһһѪ
СӣѹɱģҹĴšĽĴεո˵󰡣ʦְܵòԩûһˡ
ͷȥʮ˵ָ·Ȼָ·ֻʻԵۼףʦֵҵˣȴԸˣ˵Ϊʦô죿
ϵʿѪСͯҲЩţԾˣʦ˼Ѿ飬ûɱʦ֣㲻ӦѰ𣬻Ӧøмǣҿ̫á
ô˵ʦŶأǸСӲֻ˽˶Թ漰ɽôŲʾͷ֣ɵķţ˵ɶҲûɶǲôںͨ˵Ӷˣȴﻹҵû
ͨʦֶˣȥһٰɣˡ
Сͯתת¶ˣֻҪҳԱˣôС
类û˭ոͽÿҪ߰˶ٵģͰ
ϵʿЦӻһŽ׾Ө˲ΣûȳԵʳһɡ
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ꡭ
ʯ汻ľֱֱͱɷĩ̳ߣֹܵ·
ϵʿüëæƣһסСͯһȥˡ
ﻹ´βɽˡ
ʦҲˡһͯԶԶ



1148 ǧ룬ӽ
ճת˳˿ǹ·̾һСһҲϵʿͽܺһ֣ϧǣ깥ûô
ͨϵճʱճҲͬǰϵʿӴǣķԪɾͲ˼漣
ڱ񼣣ճһ깥
ʾ֮ٶ̱ӣ轣֮ʱ֮ӿ
ճֻоԷǣԪɽѹǿѹ껯һɽƾС
һУûκζֻǸԷֿ
ϵʿճһˣѪȥ
ճҲùʱͷγ˼άٻ
Щ鸡ĻլԺѾˣϥꡣ
ѩ÷һʱŻָϸϸһᡣ
ϵʿȻѾ֣ҲףƾһûնԸңԲ̽Ȼ˵ɽɵҪҪȡ˭Ҳϻġ
ʱɽ⣬ճڣȴڡ
ڸͨ˵·꣬ϵնԺһС
Ȼ겻µþ

ùͣɫڳճԸûҪ²ôţĽԷ
һᣬϨƣѾޡ
ʵϣѾһ£ͳããҹɫ֮С
еŮ˸û֣԰Ѿһˡ
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Լûǿ㹻ѹķ֮ǰճĴһʱһʱ
õ֮һûȫ֣Ҳ֪ʵĸزնԺ£ȡȡͽԵ϶ʵӶҲꡣ
λԳնɴȺ򼾫ʱ򾩳ǣ䣬ĵĹʦܵôĿܣһЩ̾˵أռһЩҪĶƩ𡣡
ճΪ˶ԷʵҲû̫˼ɡ
ܹѵΪԪΪ޵򼣬ڵʵԶԶ򲻹ġ
ֻԸµһЩСȴСһ׮ˡ

һӰͬԦУɽԽƽأһһ
ȿǿˣʡʡֵȴԻΪУԪ֮£δ̫󡣡
ճҡҡͷǺܲôҲֻܸϸ·ˣĸ͵ϮǱɱ֮ĻƣԼĻħղʵá
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ԶãճһָϨϵĵ⡣
Χܲתľ磬ֲ
ЦЦֻΪһӰӣƮ֮䣬ʧ

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Ӱζ䣬ûָ·ͣ

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ӳӰӳڻеı˵ĺгûоһ㳾
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Ǽôļһȴǵһμ
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Ϻһڹ⻪ſƳγε۾ǧ滹ϸʣŭ


1149 ϣ
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裬ǧϸϸŪǰѪܵ顣
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ǿӣҲϺһ㣬ͬǼ̰ı顣
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ˣ֪ˣĲҡ
ֵ˿һϣҲѹƲסڿնŵŷߡ
һ̣Ҫ׽סͼһֻӨ˳ƣһѾץס˲顣
ﻹûüʧ䣬ѱǴִѩ׵âͷϡ
һµʯ޷Ӧ
ֻƾ豾ܵһûʲôͷ­ȫҲýһƬ
Զûһ»Ϊһʮ߰׳ǧ棬ڷߣʱĳ鴤ţѾ˴ͷ­
Ũ㿾ζȳζڣ˶¡
ճǿͷŻ⣬ܵвԾһϲȴ黯һռ϶֮Уֱ̤š
ƬռƵʣ߼ˮ
ճͿӲǹؼڡ
ޱ˿߾ɢһƬƬ㣬Ҳƾȿֺŵɽ·ӣǻعˡ
ÿһһ𻪰յӡ
ȻҲС
˷˱ճ˼ӣҲ̰
Ӱ˸ţѾ˵ſڡ
ӦһɼǿΣڲϿңԶһ񳱡
ؿռ䣬Ŵ˷ɽѹ
ɽ嶼·
ľҡΣ衣
ϺУֻһͱһֻѪ򼣬ŭ˻ųƵǰҧ
ΣղѪڣ֮ϡ
𣺡سɷޱߣͷǰ
ֱĵף˹֡ѪҴܡ
ճоǰɽʯ׶˲б¡¡У񱼵ĲҲҡҡλ
ʲôճֲΣʲôϡ
ʱֻΪ
ɽͨϵʿ̾һ񰡣֮ȴҲ֪˻ǲң
ææһסСͯҲ˲ͽֱܱжָ·֮Сֱ
䣬Ϳɾ롣
ʧ꼰ĵǶġ
ǿϷðԼҲȥɾֵ̫ˡ


1150 £
ϵʿ죬һԣСͽܷɱɽ£ȴǳˡ
ãã˿꣬һתۼ͸ɽ
·ճһɻ塢ѪϢĴ
߲ͷҲ΢΢
ͻȻĹٿɽԪǲѣһһ涾ɽϵĲľת֮ѿή롣
гѿҶȷһҶƮ衣
ˣСӺˣʲôԸԻٻҵҲȫ׷ɱ
ͨϵ龪ŭ
Ϸ̫񫣬һʱûע⣬̫һЩʱҪǣȥܼѡ
ϻ㵱Ҳèأ
عͷٲӣɿС֣ͯ˵סˣ浽˲òֵʱ򣬾ͱȫԸϧѳľ򡭡Ȼ㻹СֻһɽˣȻŷΪȴɻɱһóӲӲ
ϵʿ˵һ䣬ͳһľ̹
ҧ⣬һѪȥǹ̾ͷ⣬չ޹ģңңȥ
ϵӣϵʿһֱġ
ʱ̽̽·ʱ򹷣ϵƽûΣøϽлһ
ľ״һֱΪǸ򹷰
߹ӳռ䡰žһǰѪâһþͱ
ڳҹɫУͻȻͳ˵ǹ⣬ǹԽԽ߿Ŷâ
ҡ䣡
ϵƵĺޱͽκʹһУȴִϲ֪ٱ
ҹеǶһҡΣ߿ǶҡҷĹβԱ߻̵ʯһ㣬ɽ
󳪣Ⱥǹʯһײˮݣı
ɽһ󳪺Ϊ֮һϣдһ
ԭɽˣҸɽҰǾͶˡ
һεĵطٲңԶĿռʣڵ֮С
񣬴ΨҶζŰ˵Կ˼
ճâһĵôӲǰ취ʮ׳һֻѪ󣬵ҲˣһֻļһҲѾ˻ִ֡
оƬӳճǽͻأ۾˫Ŀɳâɽɨһۣ˫һһ˸ӡ
һѪâŽ⣬лΪһצľһԾ͵˰֮У߿žӭȥ
䡭
һ죬𵴣ֱص
칫ŭҰ塣
ԶĽ𻪳ǣʱ˶˹źˣ󲿷˶ڼɪɪһʳ˵ѹƣ˴
һЩӦʿüͷܳУԶռǽâ⣬
ճʱ򷽲֪ԼնԺ֮ʱ滹ԶԶһϵʿ
ʱҲ˲ȥ˼ԷôԼ٣ﰵнҵͬʱϵͻȻľٶкá
ϵȫ֮ȻõĻСҡ䡱ȴǲƬմñˣΪǿ
о֮Уճϵʿ֮ƴһ˫ˣߣ˭Ҳûմˡ
ŶԷ²̫ó潻棬ӲӲƴ֮ģʱԼȻˡ
ϵʿǲóӲƴرó
ĸƴ˵׼ʲôز᲻ܾˣ
һ˵ճԼϵʿˣΣԼĿû㹻İվ;Բ֣޿ˡ
һƴһΪһǾֵ̫ˡ
ȻϵʿѾó˿ұ죬ҲҴˡ
ճоǸνʱעȫԼϣһХһºݺһŵأͬ컨һֱա
˼ʹʯףƵֱ롣
ǽ׷ŵѪ׷ֻ̫ŲҪõߣȴûϵԷɱ˸ǹһʱûзĿǵɫӰȥˣֻü˻
͵һξ䣬Ѫâһ͵תͷɽϳȥȴǳһ
һãճͿǾ޴Ľ˹һ촽źϣ૵ӿžġ
˫ӡ
Ѫâʣ߿Ŷâȫһһݻ١
һӴϢǲͣ
֮䣬ƺŸΣռ١
ذ䡭
Ʋ㷭ţƬռڷУһֲϢ
ϵʿ׷Ʈ裬趯ķƼȴѾƣȴҲǺ޵ֿ֮
ڴʱ
ճһֵ
һԽڵ֮Увؽ
һɿΰɱ⣬ڿĵĴ졣
ôһ̣󳪶Ϊ֮һ١
ǧ˵ɽɱ֮һ壬Ͱȥ
ճͷ­һΣǶѪ͸ֻԼһ¸ǽ֮ϡ
ǰܣòײ˺һӣ꽣ҲƬƬܵ˷ɡ
ǿľΪҲѾˡ
ӦУǸǽƣϲݵ߲ʷƣһӡ
̶һɲǼ䣬Ҫֺϣȴһ̣һѾ˽ȥ
ڿաѿա
ץסӦϵʿֱɢһ˲䣬ճȫӳֱָ׵ս
ռ䱻һ˺ѳһۼסֻһʡ
֨֨
ǽſ죬УѪâʢɫᰰȥʮֲȶڻǳסˡ
û꣡
ճ˳սʯһɲƴӵ
ٵָֻһѺ֮оͶһ綹â
֮ʱҫֻۣƽƽ
ȴɫ䣬һŭ𣺡ң
ѾӦˡ
âۣȴ̺
ֶͻγͳһ
ǰһ̻Ƿƽ˾һ̣ǵâͺȻ˿
һΪ⽣ֱ
ƺǰʲôҲ޷赲
Ŀֱָüġ
ճǻǵãʱǿԭõλþǽüӡۡ
µûԪľ֮أһеԴࡣ
ֻҪ׼
ǿһвֱָ׵齣ҲߵĽϡ
ʱ״ʹãȴͬǧٴһ㡣
ѿտ·Уһ
յһԸǼԡ
ǿǿȻǿôȴеΣΪٶϰһЩ׹⡣
ǰѧ˷⡢֮ͳš
һչճǿɱȫ
ֻܸκβ
ճ齣ȴڴУĽûʱ޴ԡ
һͻϮվƿһη
ƣɱԪá



1151 µͷŵϣ
׹ֱüģһ𣬴оһ̻
ǽʹһ
ȻһâѪ˷ɢ䣬úͷ񷢳ʱѿѷ죬Ȼը
ټµҲǻһľʯ㵹ը
ɽҳߡ
ŽƬɽǹһɨ
ϵʿѪӰѹɫһƬѪҪǮһʣǲȼȫһСͯɽȥʱ򣬾ͷѪӰͻȻͣС
һɷ紵Ӱɷĩɢ
ѹһɨա
һҡҡλεĲˤ
Сͯ޳ˣæ˹һѷסеʦˣǵþ
Ǻǡ
ϵʿѹŴ򣬶ЩͷʱпչעɽϵΣͽ˵һ𾪵ֱϲ£졣
ѪԪ⣬Բŵ·ʧء
˵ǼһѾ˲Լʦͽˡ
ʲô£
ɽ̳𣬵õǼˣһҵĿԼӵļ˻
ӣһռϷ硣
ͨϵɫţ̧Ųͣ
ոΣգģҪȥϸ뻹ǲҡ
ֻµĿɽǵѪӰ
ϧû֣ôĽƾģ˿һǴ͹
ϵ̾Ϣ
ĽҲв
Ȼ뵽Լǰı֣Էһѹסˣ湥ᣬռϷ磬սȴҪ̫Զˡ
ʦҿˣǷӽǱһն˷ģ̻һըѷԺը滹һЩС
Сͯ˷ܵ˵
ʲôСУȫǱӲݵܣ˵ģǳѡ
ϵʿ˵
һСͯҲˡ
õ֮󣬴ЩСеڲһƬѹѹ棬ճֵĹƤһһƬ
ԣʦҸڴ㾹Ȼ˼óָ·͵͵ս
ϵʿչʾԼԨȻ¡
һôҲ
ɶͽܰȫʦΣģҲ̫ˡ
޵֮˲̫飬ֻǿػԵʱͨҲʧޱȡ
ȻƽﳣСͯЦŭҪ󲻸ߣϣϣƽ˼ǰ㣬֮ꡣ
ˣͽܱҽ̷ˣ类軵Сȫ֪˼ҵġ
ͨİ̾һɽ嶥˱ʶû̫ע
Сͯίˣʦ򲻹ˣҲֻǿָ·ָһ·Ϳȥɱ𡭡
ûϵʿһո޴һ硣
ɲѰСָ·ޱȣ˵ԿתǾת
СһﲢǲԼʦģڻѰ취Ȼͬ
úӡ
ϵʿ±ֺǺǡ
ʵʱȫǳɽϴ򵽰ȻʱµɽȥҲս֡
վԭأǱճסһ㣬˭ҲûжֻǿɽЩ
֮棬
ֳԪôҲһ¾Ǳ˾Ҳ㹻ʱһη̵ġ
ϵʿո룬ͼѪӰһƣӭŶʮ׳ĽѪһȥ
ճոշһն𣬴ѪԪݣ΢΢ʱ
һûüϢͷһ䡣
̳֮͸һֹ졣
ӣҶϺ󡣡ǽѪڵ
ʲô󣬲ɱСӣ𲻸š
ۻȵ
ɽڣûգСĻ㽨Ժ£ͽ뿪ɣ֮
ϻˣһ壬㾹ҲԸ⣿Ԫ
ǽѪʹԭشȫâһϾͳƬĤ
ڵһϰգתͷԹɭ䣬ճ
ʯɷۣһӡ
̸졣
ѪӰԪըֱռݽѪֻ
ճոմ̳֮д˳ͼһĻ
á
ﾯ׺ϸ룬ͺὣء
һˮĹâ֣嶸Ȼ͸߳ࡣ
ͬһʱ䣬ŲһξͿʼ黯
ǸӦ鲻ȥҪռ϶ܿ
Сӣռ˱˱ˣ𣿡
ǰâһѪ죬ǷڰոĽѪͻȻʹ󣬺һըһĢơ
һ˷ɨȥԪɨ֮£ɽ嶥ƽһء
ճֻüһֻգ֮УͱɨС
ࣵһȻ׹⣬ҲֻǼʮ֮һ룬ǽ˵һžһ죬֪˼ͷ
ڣƵʱ򣬱һѾನϮճ֮ʱͣ



1152 µͷŵ£
ճ£˳ʮԶѱã紵ƮƮ۵һһѪ
ȫëϸѪըѣѪ
ǵǰ˫۴ǱǹɲƺôѪ룬¶ɭɭ׹ǡ
شŭЦһݶ֣˵£ɽˣҲ˵ԱΪȻΨд˵ԣɼ
˵ճȴûа٣սڡ
ѪȻԵ֣֮ȴֱ嶥ţһ߲뵽һ컨ӰϢҡҷˡ
һŻ䵴
Ա仨Ƕ佥ɨâɱ⡣
üһ۶ΡֻҪ㹻ֱָٸصСӣСӡ
ϵʿͨˡཡһһĭȫ֪˵ʲôˡ
۶Ԫǵͳţ˵ڴ˷ϣѾ
Ҳǹʧǲ֪ʱӡȻԶȥ޵޷֮ˣָ·ƣһǰ־
ȫֻ辶ﾫмȡ޵
ǷࡢǷȴǶʧ˱ҪĵС
ͨԼȻǶ࣬ȴҲܰɻ䣬⡣
򼾫ִ͸˵ˡ
꾫ǲӡ
ԪȻǿ󣬷ΪҲԼ棬Լٰӣʵϻһ֣սˣҪȡֱָҪһЩ
ͨϵʿʵ֪ôһ¡
ɹżƺ˵
ⷽزȱ𣬲ԲԲ˻ηչ
Ϊ˶Ҳ͸˼ֻùҹ
ǧ뵽취һɾ͡
㲻óϼ껹ǿԵġ
ûбȽϾû˺
մʱϵʿճͷӰԴһ类׺ȫʧȥ˼ά
˵УôҲ벻ͨ
ֻƽΨн֮սԼ֪
һ򣬸Ͳ޵֮ˣΨһĵҷǴȥؼѧᣬô˾ͳĵԪꣿ
ϵʿ𾪹ֻһմ
ǲٿŽѪԱѪԪЦҲͣЪĬҧгݵĵãɽȻͬ죬ŵ֣סˡ
˵꣬ͣճνδ֮ʱѾСѪԪ񲨶ţһ˲ʧʡ
ۻԶգת۾ûټ
ȥķƫȻֱǡ
ӦǼ²ΪƴΪ
пܣԪףʱճսʮ㣬ôҲ᲻ðˡ
һСģͻᱻɱ򻮲
Ѿǵãȵ¾㱸Ю֮ƣֱɽţʱ̩ɽѹѣҲǲ
ջԺҽ֮һյñɸɾ
ͷһۣճ˼ͨϵʿҲ׵ġ
һᣬŰһ
Ǹ֣㰡ҽͣɽš
ϧǣƾƾϵʿƺҲá
ǵѪϷԪʧ˲Ϣǧٶȣ´ʱѾԽɽӣʦˡ
ʦˡСͯо߳æ㿪Сһ巽Ժ𣬻һĸʧҲ̫Сˡ
㶮ʲô巽ԺնɴȺҪؽϷΪӣλʮ޺ú
ϵʿ̾һɫԺǽ˲ݵĴ𣬺ο˴αٵĻ巽Ժ֮ǶʢϷҲưոݵģɽӴ˶ˡ
ճźӰʧߣһ
ǰ£ѾƴƣҲҪԪɱڴ˴ȴû뵽ԷȾˡ
һɣֻȫ޴ʹﲻ֪Ǻθо
ϵʿɽŴض㣬־Ц
Ҳᣬֻһɽȥ
ǿŲͣŵ߲ܱ
Ū֣͵ˣǧҪ顣
ʵһƾ衣
ңľãԪ֮죬һŭɶģϧɽ롢ƻҵҲҪȫ֡²ΪðԺΪӱԼˡ
ճĸӦ֮УӺ֣ƺǹʵģǴ˵еĸɮЩ
Ҳֽš
治ۼ
ǧһ˿걻㣬ԴԴϵĳȡȫȻ£֮УҲ˫ı
ϵʿͽ˵Ļճһ
һȴǰյøʵˣ©һ⡣
ϵʿ֪ˣ»̰
ʱˣȻûһս֮ȴǿ¡
ϵʿ̬Ȼ޶־
ԼɱɽĴˣǵĸԷҲֻǵӶ
ܿϵʿû˼ԼΪС
仰˵ͨѾˡ
ϵʿװɵء
һ㣬ճȥŨ
ּɣҲϵ˼ֻЦһչƮȻԾããҹɫ֮УҲ


1153 Сٻҹϣ
ɽ𻪳Ǻܽתһɽɽ֮·ʯ̳ɵС·ƽﱻݷİղȵýʵ
ʱ·Ѿ˼ӰϿźɫۡ
֮䣬Ϊһ˴һƣҲܺܲܿеͣ
Ųͣ¡
˲ϸֿ˿ɽϣʱѾƽϢҲʲôâ
ҲϢŸ﷢顣
ѾƽϢӰ쵽𻪳ǣҹɽ̫ȫǻȥɣʯܲͷͺ鲶ͷҵȡ
ǣǷ潵ٻҲ֪ħûУ缸ʵУʯܲͺ鲶ͷȫˣǲɳܡ
ԣȥҲ˲¡
콻ͷӶСһᣬԻһЦתͻسǣʱҪ١ʵҹǲ鰸̫ΣգûбҪû˭ðաѹţЩĻҲǲߣϾֻһ˭Ҳ⡣
ճżԶ˳
黯磬ת۾ͳλ죬һ˳ǽߡ
Ҳȥſڣֻһܣڳǽϵ˼£Ծ˹ȥƮƮһӽ¡
˱淽ŶĽַȥ
ϴδκˣûв۵λζܲʵǿһһЩ
һ·ܣճ·ļλĽ̸
ǳƺΪʯܲͷӦþǽ𻪸õ˱仯
뵽ճҲɵ¶Щϲɫ
ô˵𻪳ǵĹٸϾͲΪвΪѾԼϡ
Ÿʲô顣
ĸطƿԽǿ¾Խ㡣
ƵԽ࣬˾Խǿ
ϵǰһ
뵽ˣճ̽һԺһ𣬾ͣ˽Ų
ô£ͻȻôˣڲͣ
ܲԭӦòǣɽ֮ǰû֣ӦǽҹԺжƺġ
ճֹ䡰ġԼЩ롣
Զڴȴû̫ıˣп
жүжλͰҴ˴α󣬾ҪҵʧƲûʲôЩӣȴ£ҿĶ
ѹͺˣЩʱռѾܹˣҲҳߣôȥǼҿɾɢˣλ˲Ӧøǡ
һɤޣȴϲá
ӦõģӦõģʱΣӣǹԺɱһλźµģһ׳ģٻ
ڻ֮к񿴼ˣһնɱ˺СҸ˵ԺǺԭǳģǳӺôó
˵ϵִ˸£Щ˵ȥ
ԭˡ
ճȻ¾ٲǰС
ڴʱƻǵ㣬֪ж˼ұ
Ĵͳ֣һ
ˣʱһǧжϵͽ˿ߣֻŰԼȳȴ룬֮࡭˾Ԫ꣬ǣ˲ýѣͽʧ˿ƣʱѹǾýǶǣпҲ
ճ̾ϢϹһ֮ñ飬Щ˵Ҳòȥʱѵ
һֱҲûʲô
һѣǰֵʩȻѽܡ
İճ㹻ʲô£ΪԭҲԭ²Լ
ֻǹǿҵתɸжԼǳ
һ˵ĸжҲʲô
ǧͬ룬ǿҵͻ۳˳ӣճԺĵƬҶ˲ƬҶҲһ
Ժһʵ껨䣬΢΢ҡţһֿ飬ڿˣǱܡ
ԪһսΪܵѹ̫յǱ֪ΪΣȻȻͻһż
һʵ仨ͻȻֶţоƬصϵһЩ˼άҲһЩӦҲˡ
ָһָ߳⡣
һ仨ʱ⣬ȴǿ࣬һּĸо
ѹ֣ϵʿҶʮ־ȣֿ֮󣬶˵߷Ҫ֪ʼڲĵ׷ɱҷͻϮնûа⡣
ߵԭճʧЦ
ʼΪԼֲϧƴһսľŵ˶Էʱԭͻ֮󣬶ԷӦΣ
Ϊ²Ϊߡ
ЦЦճ¾Ҳû̫⡣
򼾫ֻԪΣ岢δһʵֻܶ
ҲܵԪƵԼʹֶΣơ
ԷķȽﱾ壬û̫õķӦԡ
ҺλնɴȺͼıǳͥʱܷϷһճʵʱ䡣
뵽Ǻͳãճתüͷ
ȻǺɽѡɽ׻ЩǿǺεʵأ
ʵǲüӿٶˡٵð黯ʵҪǿԪҲþֻλһ壬ӵ׵սаմԡ
ˣҪǻȥԪգӴ;ҵʵа
ճӿŲٲȥĴ֡
ȻЩ˵Ժ龰Ƚϰ


1154 Сٻҹ£
ճصլԺ԰ʱ԰ǵƻͨ
ߵſڣͼҶŵŴţ͵͵Žϵˡ
ֵ˳
ոյĶû˭һܱƽǵƻĴ
ʲôˣ
һҶȵ
ǰݣһ̳Դÿ»·һӵнٺ
ЩѡҶģʱȫʮϧֱѾ԰Լһţıˡ
ҷ׷׵
ңţ
ճЦŰ˰ֹ֣סҶԹԽԺӡ
Ǹ߿ͨ˵ΣճΪ⶯ʱ԰˶ѾһЩѾڼԣţȴڵš
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1155 ȴĸǳ
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1156 ѪëȮϣ
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1157 ѪëȮ£
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ôֻҪŹһʱ̣Ӧƾ֡
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ͻ¹ʵĽҲȱҪߡ
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Ϲܼû츳һûһȻеġ
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һӲҶзӶ𣬳ֽǰ壬ӭż۵ı˹ȥһ仰
˶ƵΧһȦϷ˺Ͳɳ
˴ʱǰȥȡһʱ䡣
ӣһЩ˹֣ң˹׼Ŀ꣬ϹܼԣԼĳӡ
ǷǺ޹˼ɵĹ׶༪١


1158 ǶϷϣ
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Ϊ׵һ󸹱͹ˣϴźЦݣƺ鼫á
ֻҪϸĿȥܷ֣˵ĺ⡣
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⺺ӺųΪţսõձϿɡ
ָ֣˵һǣѹһأ̸ϿؽȡسǴ´ġ
ŵĺ衲ͷҪǿһЩկѦȣҲѾˡ
żڽ𻪳ܰѲҵ󣬸ֶ䲻ɣȻԼ
ǵٷͰ׻ȻڽǮ·£һСȴҲСӡ
ټԪɽƽֹ߻ˣѴӽύط
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ʱ󻹸ŶʮλִִĽӣȫɱǿᾫӯԾԾԵĿų¡
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Ԫɽɫ΢΢һ
һӽӿڵӦֻƶѣ˵κܲǰ֮ʱֵӲӣ˴ѱɽƹɽˣкܳһʱ䲻֡СǸйأҲòʲô¡
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׽ԽŽʽԽŽ㲻ϤҲûʲôֻһ㡭ս֮ʱѭ屾ܣеĽָλӽɱС
⻰ʮ飬ĵԼ๫ϾǶˣ˵ĻҲǸĪ⡣
ʵʲô˼
ȥΪţԷẦԼ
ſ˼սͬܡ
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ϳܳһеĴˡ
ʱԼгȴһԾڲе㣬
ÿһγ֣ǡ֣͡
նȡۣһתֱ̺նбá
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Ǿޱȣÿһ֮󣬶һλˤ䣬ʵڳޱȡ
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ʲôַѽֱӡˣѹֽҷſ˼Էһϲ𣿡
ѪУŮԾľ飬Ʈ
û˷֣ͻȻֵһĨκ죬ЦݣƺһЩۡ



1159 ǶϷ£
ףȻסˣһ˵λСƺǽɣҼǵñϢ˵ŮǴɽһԻû뵽ĽȻ֮ǿ
տųսֵԪɽ΢΢ɫ̾
Ҳǵͷ
ΪֵĶ壬ʵѾӵͨ׵İأʱид
Ůӵʵʵǿھ֮ȥ׽ȴǹŹ֣ƺѭĳνһ壬һһۡ
κĹıܿͬһʱչ
ͬеʿΧһ裬ϵޱǡ
ÿһÿһǹôһһ壬˲
ƫƫб̹˸ĳںʵʱںʵĵط
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ѹʲôûм˵ȥԪɽȴˡ
ŮʮֳɫԼǱôεĸݡ
Ǻһֱϲɫʱ䣬ȴеĲٳȥ죬ֻһ˷ΪǹϣλкŮӣȷԵʱץסɱ֮󣬾һɡǰܵõͬѨҲȴǺһ׮Ը
Űᣬ赭д˵
ǳԾ轣ŮӣȴǸ̾ţֱð
ۼݶӱȶȴҪǿˡ
Ůˣܴù𣿡
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һͨΣܽ壬Ѿ߳Խ˵һ档
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ͬεĸֽǣƣ־˾ܴӣǧ֮߸أ˼
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оóǼһͲˣ˭֪ǶĴɽ׻Ķӡ
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˲أŭ֮£Ծǹһ̵ÿ񼱹
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ҴԾͻȻ֪ͣʱѾ˹ؼʱ̡
Էٲǰײǽɷʸǰͻ
Ϸ˺ɳ˻᲻ᰲȫ
˿ԼܲܵסԷĹˡ
һɫԽޣѪתµı֡
бɫһԲ󻡹⣬ȫǰˡ
ֻ˼ά翿ն𴦣衣
ϡॣ
飬ϹսҲǿ
ڶֱ֮󣬺վסš
һǹһ
̶ʱ֮ڣʮʮ
Ҳܵס򵥰ҲֻˣҿٹУͻֱ飬Ҫô־ܣҪô桭
ûɵ̾һһ˸С
ǼͬΪߣԾʩ̾
õŰУû󷽾󡭡쿴ףٻ۴ĽҲˣǧɣҲˣȻҪԶ֡ϧСӣһҲûˡ
һӼüŪ۵˵˵ſϧȴŵ٩
˸ŷһЦ
Ԫɽţ泩Щ
תͷ˿ҪֻȻƽ˾˳֮ϺѹѹһƬս֮⣬ֻʣһЩȴ¼ֹͣİա
񾪻ţĴߡ
ľҪٲ֣ҪʬˣҲãյϢ
Ԫɽһ˿ӣ֪źǿο


1160 ƣϣ
úԺͤϣҲһƾ
Ƴ룬ϣƽ
顣
ԪɽȣȴǶһЩգΪҪӦԼŮ
С㿴ҪȥЩԣܿ˻£ȴǲܴˡ
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ޱӦ롣
Сٻ޺תȥ֪ȰԼҸףҲֻգŲͣºֿ˼ӺôȹŮһ㲻ȥæҲñŰɣ֪Լ˱ǧɱڳ⡭
ˣϢûӦѾ֪ˡ
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ȻŮһֱҲֻСţƽǳע⸾ݸµȽϼء
ŮίþҪޱӣǿѹͷΪҲǲ飬ʵǲò֣˭˲õأðɣţȥͷһ棬ȰǣҵǿԱһΡ
ʵϣλ֪ԼҲףԼ˵ȫǷϻ
ĸֵܵΣ֮УκһѪԵˣܲ
ο˵λľѵõһλ֣Ӳܵͷڹˡ
书ʢһ㣬ΪˣǸд
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ǵβû٣ڰգһһɫĽǰ֡
ڱ̤İʯ棬ʱšꡱѳһƬơ
ӡ֮ѳɷۡ
˭ҲûйעˣֻǾһƬ
ľ
ơ˭˵ͨεһ֣
ƤֱһｭҲʧ
ֻǿǸԾգµΣ۾ֱ
Щ˺ò˶٣Ҳ𾪡
ǰһμ֮ʱսȻǿóֻ꾳缫ߣĻǽ͵ʵʵֻڶףûС
ھֱ嶥ţֱ嶷ţȻѵĽ׽׶ΣХҲԿó޾ٵ죬Хѿգ֮ǽ


1161 ƣ£
ףĽףпףճ
Լ۾벻׶Էô˾޴ȫϳ
ʶк̺ѧ˭λһȫλԸսж
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ճһֿʼ֪ЩѾˡ
ӰԶԶԾǽ֮ʱˡһȵ÷Բɵ΢΢һˮ㵴
΢΢ǰ㣬磬ѵĲݾ֦Ҷʯţǵѩǰͻն
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½һ֮ռϷ磬ĿһﵱȣҪ׷оԶһĵĳХֱȫ顣
ûлͷ
ս֮ϵʯ۷καʣܸı⣬еֻеˡ
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°޶ֻۣε̬֮Уʲô;ܱȵϵ٣ܻȡˡ


1165 Ʒ£
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1166 ģϣ
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ںܶ棬ԪɽϳڸһĹٸһЩ鷳顣
вһ𷢣һ𿸣ѾԼ׳ɵһž޴ϵ
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һתܣǼƲҪˡ



1167 ģ£
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1168 ӣϣ
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ΪҲԲһԲǰľִͬʱԼҺ

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תͷȥԼҲǾϲһǿѹѪľļƺԣôЩ꣬һֱͷ飬ƺʲôģڴˣ
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ճſĴ߶һ£˳ȥʴͨйؽڡ
֪ţǰնɱԵǿƣټ͹ȥżҲּҲơ
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ȵƳϣռҪ׼֮ʱˡ
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ӹ˵ݹճЩ졣
˵õ̽Ϣµʱǰ룬ΪΣ


1169 ӣ£
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1174 Ժԣϣ
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һ£ѡ˹㶫״Ԫʱо֮ʱд£ʺϵ˼룬Ĳӵ㣬ڲݸֽһӶ͡
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ҪΪӦºԳɼǰҪ󸴾顣
¾Ҫϸ걸°ѱ
ճķ
дֻǻ
ԴӲǹĪĵ⣬ճ֪ܲţʵǿжã˼жߡ
ؼ֮֮ϵдʱҪһЩ
˭˵˾Ͳܿˣճ̻һ滨
Щʱʶһʱ˵׹


1177 ˱絶£
ճԵһЦʱæֽţ˵һ⣬ĿҲѲ
ڶͬժ顶ѧӹ͡ӡеġӹһģ֮ƩǸߡ
һԭǣ֮ƩԶǣƩǸߣԱ
˵Ǿ֮ͺñȵǼߵɽһ˷֪ԱҲ֪롰ߡȽԼֻǡߣѡ
ԣԶ·ӽʼǸɽӵʹС
徭ԡ顷ӹΥ졣һһЩ
ժͯ˵Ͳ̫ףټһ˺뵽ʵѧߺû鼮һЩƧĿϿ¡
ճһȥͼЩǿһ⣬ɫҰţ߶߶ģɥ
Ʋġ
ȻҲдá
ǳ̫һص㣬ǲʶȡɣ飬̫ǳ
˶ЩͲ̣֪Ȼ֪Ȼ
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ľӹΥ졣ʵΥ˵ıԵġ
˼һɶжΥҲǿзǣ˵ĸĲһ£òƺܹʵη֮ġ
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ʲôͷʵ۾죬һַ⡣
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ճоƬǣⳭƪĲɸļֵĽʿ£Ҳˡ
˭ƪ¶õһɱΪġ
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ʫĿһʫֻƽžǿˡ
ƾٿʫĿһ㶼ժǰʫ˵һ侫ʫ䣬ѡһʡ
Ȼʫߵ㷢ԼУԽζʵУԽ˹Ŀ࿴ڿڿഫ֮Ҳǡ
ʫƴԴġǶ紺дǴ쾰ɫлУԭǣ
ʫ徰´Żưδȡ
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˵ʵڵģ¼ȡʫĺûʵ̫Ҫȴ֮صġ
¿ԿУײ˼ͨԣʫŲһ˵ĵ̡
ձ˵һǲǲӣǿдʫʺòá
ˣճҲʫϺȣĿͬѡһƪ״Ԫƶʫƪ
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۽Եã
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Լ׳ʫƪ߷дڲݸֽϣճûɵһʷѹԽС
Ҳһս
һ״Ԫʫ䣬λʦëҲò˵һ
ˣȫ׼ˣճ׼ϴˡ
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صձ絶ǿǰվһλƾеˣΪһ塣
δʣھ
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ճԿٷü߲˸һӴ־Գ޷ķʽ˳űʷԾȻֽϡ
ҫʶˣһīͻȻ
ÿһдȥͷʯĹâֻһ
ƪһӶͣԲ󣬺ɽ罣
ʫһƽձʣճųһͷһɰֱʡ
ŷ¶ĵ࣬λĨȥϵĺ飬ɻĿ˿ܣֹôһ¾ͱˣ
ҲֻЩ⣬ûж룬Ҳ˲ȥ˵ľٶ
ֻǸ̨λʱʱĿճͷϰӿд轣ĵ
ۡ
һûסЦ
ǰճƽͣǿλ̨˶᲻Ծİ֣ʱԷ˸Цдַʽʵ̲סЦ
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ôȥһ򣬻Ӻ˱ôҲǱѧ֮ʿ
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ɫԽڳˡ
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룬
СҴı
˵պǿǱϳȥﲻͻȻô죿
ô࿼ڳûýԺԣǾʹ
ˣֱӴԾ¼ȡˣɵ۲ľ
뵽תͷȥٿճ
ҲҡҡͷĪǱԼλͬƭˣڰ޵īôԡԣ
ԣǿ·ͨ˼ѧС
ǾͲˣǰһ˵֪᲻ôʦǺģҵĿ
뵽Ĳɵúֻǰ׻ʵЩ֡
λ˼ңľͰǸżԺµС̸
⣬һʽ𻪵ؽЩһЩĿ
Ϊ٣ȻһãʵҲĲ˸
ʳҲ
£֪͸ѧ־ͻռһЩʤ㡣
ҲСôһ
ܲ¼ȡǵǵ˿С
漰ԭ⣬Զͦͨġ
ССӸλͬš
ף
ļ䣬ͼһӰӳ
תͷȥͼλǰдѾ߽ǰԾ
֪Ϊѣķ𣿡
ĮȻû˵
ȴǰһ񣬾ͰԾ̨ڵѧѴ꿼⣬뼸λ˸
ˣ軳Լˣ̧ͷ˿ɫ
ոֻһʱô
ճЦŵ˵ͷ
֪һЩأǰ潻Ŀٻᵱ䣬ϸ񣬸ᵱ¼ȡҲǲĵĹأЩ˼ݵĲӡ
ЦЦĽӹ΢΢̯ƽ׼һߡ
ѹͲ׼ϸ㣬ֻᷳ˵ˣ
һȥġָոͺһϣҲ˵ȥˡ
۾ɵùԲԾȫ
ǵˣԱŵ֪˻ֵķ֣λʦʱɫס
ʱʱҧгݣŭ



1178 §ݴӣϣ
ճֻǹһʱͺųƴ⽻Ҳûжʱˣȫһֽꡣ
ҵһ⻹ûأǼٵİɡ
׳ϮҲû찡һû꣬Աˡ
˵ǰһֱƴɱݵģֵˣʱ鱸Ҳ֡ҡҡͷװģ̾Ϣһ
ͿǱ˳ˣ˵һǸˣѧͬܿѾˣʱĴҵȣߣΪǲ֪𣿡
ەFǴһ˿Цܴ˽ֻǿϯһۣͷ
ѧһѧΪƵεԺ԰ҲкܴϣȻѹԼһͷ
Щ˼֦һֱᡣ
Щ֮СٺܺõȥȵǳͥԱǧҲȢá
ƶôۼԼڽһָľ֪Ҫǿȥˡ
˭֪ӿ·һݾҲĲŹȥҲֻȡˡ
˵ˣһεԶƽΪ˸ϿûʵѧһЩаоǿʹôܻǱ
ˣʦܲͷ
ەFд֣о񲻶ɫ磬ָ±ʣЦһԿϷ
ʱ飬ʮġ

ӶԾ֮ϣֻֽɢű⣬һɺȻȻѹļ䣬־䶼ӳ
ʱ㲻뿴ˡ
һֱͷβͷû̧ﻹĬĬ߶š
֪ݾԼдģȴİо޲վ֮֮㵸֮
¾ƣ߸裬һ
˸ӵＤͻޱѹ
ò׿Ծ͵ͨ죬һѾͽǾӺϣһҧӲţ仹಻֮㻹ǻؼҶ飬Դ»ء
˵ɫͨ죬һһ·𼷳һ㡣
ף
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֪ҪľԾģ۶ԷٺãҲܶëΣЩŹˡ
ΪʲôݱԾϸ
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֪λϴ˿ɲǿ͵ӣѹ
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ĴҪԾһۣ˶ϯϣ־Щס
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Ӧûܰɡ
ȴϣûаɥֻЦһ䣺ˣòãȡùеðף
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һΣٲרĴĿȲסѧྲȻѹסǹɾˡ
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ոս˵ëǰ£ԼǷܵðף
δ̫˰ɣ
ÿַˣ
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һɹɷߺ޼ŭճӿǵȴĴ𸴣ЩѾǿı³
ܣвˡۺߣýղ֪ΪΣȻ˵һ𻰣档
ǿ˵񶨵Ļ͸оðǣڤڤд˷һȡ󵨡ɡ޳ܣ˹İࡣ
ĺĳӣֱֱ顣
ԺͻȻֿӡӵʥӰ񣬻ǧǧİգһָŭ
ոտǼƪ־両ĵףȴǴź⡣
ۣ
׾һѪֻоһƬհס
ＫȻ֣֪̿ΪͻȻǧָĵز
ôĺܱʥ˽̵Ա
һʱ֮䣬ԣֻǴĿǰ
һѪȫ𾪣æǰסУظæòֺڿһᣬҲû˭ˡ
̽ͷϸֻⳡԷͻ䣬ɱء
Īʹ
ͷһ־òܡ
ԺУʥ˺˱ӻа֮û˸ȳϳֵģЩаᱻѹÿѪǰԶһ
ճЦδˣֻЦŹ˹ֵĵ˽ؿʥϣҿ˻ϸԾд˾ӣǵʥŭǾͲˣѧǡ
˵꣬ңң˹֣ת뿪˸á
һƬڿŴ졣
ָʦΥԾʥŭӶңѪ
ˣ
ǧֻѻϷѽɵģֻЩԼ۾Ͷ䡣
ǰȫʵǻ
»û꣬Ǵ۾
ֻ֪ĵչǷڰϵԾֻǿһۣ͵ͷҲȥǲ̱֮ͷ亹
ﻹԣʾס
Ҳ˲տѧˣкźҲ̽ͷȥ
˼۾üɫ裬̾˾Ϊףݣ
ۡ
Զ˹ӦһѪή²˫۷ֱûˡ
λȴǴΪͬ
̾һڿķ֣֪ԭЩްӡôʱÿҪǹɾͷ綴֮ʱһõģ
ǸѧģɫЩףһ˯߲ģתۼͱú䣬ڻʡ
ƺŮ
ەFĿɿڴֻܣһйһǼƪֻǿôţ
ǿԼרȴо顣
תͷ࿼Ҳһ߷߲ƽһתЦһףôףԴ˿ѪѾǴ治ˡȿ϶ѣųۣ˵Ź˵ݶסٴοԵĻᶼûС


1179 §ݴӣ£
ճ˿һȺΧſԵ
ʲôĿѲѣΪʲôôͳǲа֮ġ
ЦÿʱһԸıĿԣû˭Եݡ
˸ƣһЩǰȺɢΪ·
ʻ˹һֱŵǼŮ
ճģɳȻҲû뿪ʱʵ磬ûаգ𣿡
ҲڴȻﲻȱƣЩԲ
˼˵󣬹ǰġ
Щˣ߳ȥˣûйǵҲһ
ϵǴţƵʱֱܲ׳
еţԺˡʿһ·ֱϣǿڽ𻪸־棬ؾηҲССӴ˾Ǵ󻧹ˡ
˭״ԪС˵ܴꡣ
Ǹĳˣ˼ǵ¼ԼŮ
һģʽʷˣȻֻڵطϡ
ЩˣԼָ֣ٴļҲƣҲֻһʱûʲôҲ̸
ճ֪ɳ뷨ûвԹĵģλֵȻѧ̫ãѧҲ̫ģչ黹е롣
оԼλˡ
µ˵ͷĻˡ
˵ʦѪΣɵЩЦ
һǸ߹λʦ˼־ҲôᶨΪܳסΣǱĬ֮²ſסı⣬ûϵոտʼѾ־λǰҲˡ
ҲҴţ֪ɳĵʲôͰѱοԼĿʫ˵˳Խ˵ȻͼλٻŮĻľһԡ
һʱϻЩϲɫڶѾɿ
ʱ򣬸ɫҰףѪɫ
ģȻȫ֪֡
ҵѧʶУŹ̫Զˡ
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ճ֪ɳԶѧȷûʲô츳򵥵˵ǶѧûԣҲûŵ㣬߼˼άͦģȽó
ǵ͵ԣѧҽǿԡ
֪λֵܾ͵͵ķдļҽҽݴʱҲ͵͵ѧϰҽֻûʵĻᡣ
Ȥõʦ
ճȻΪ˵Ĵ磬ΪѵҲͰһ滮
ի֮еɳ켣ôãͱصúܡ
ңԸ񣬾ǿ˹ҲþӦٳ
ӦٳҵʱҲþͺã˵ʲôʱһˡ
ܵ˵λֵܾһӣڽʡ
Լϲ飬ҲʧΪһ¡
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ϧǣһ㣬ǲӦġ
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ǿɲǡճǺЦҲˣǰǵȫ³ǹ˼һﻹҪˮ
Щܰʵʵľݵȫˣŵ̺ͲƲŸҽˣвأ
ҴУͬʡƹܽã׼ûмʶûжƽʱƭţһ굽ͷʮνѿ
ֻǰһЩǮӵճ֮Ҳ̫ݣֻջҽݼɡ
Ǽȴ̫죬˺ô顣
ɳҽ֮ʱȥӺˣ򷢼ͷ˵İ﹤磬ƫƫɵСûʲôԡ
ľһֱ飬ʲôҲļĲΣҽݵǲŲʡ
ֵµķʽȫһģӣʵ˵
ȵľɵ£֮ܵ㣬ʱʱķҽ֮ûдţҲûкҩϣȫǶҵĴ
˵ˣһңѾõԼеĲҵһӵİˡԩͷ
Ŀ
ճ΢΢⡣
ʵλ˵һҲֻϣҲŶ˼
İ£ǼҲҵˡ
һС˱ٸŶϣǻˣ
ճڵţɳһڶмľ壬ЩȻһһε㡣
Ȼľŵʱ򲻼ڤڤ֮ȴȻһִǱʶ֮䣬֮УǱܡ

бµʱ򣬿»ָ֣ڿ֮߳ʱͿһŲ԰׵
󲿷˶񲻶ɣֶǰ;δ֪һּļ尾
˵ǰǽţǾǽˡ
ȻҲһЩɫԴݣаյŷ
ǶԼ
һλ˳źȻرգֵҳһࡣ
֡һЩ˺ޣɥ
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ǰʦѪһĻԽԽûף֪ЩҪж
ҹζ࣬ٿ䡣

ԾȻҹǿԷɣľȴǵüӰϹˡ
ʱѾָֻɫЩ԰ףҲ˲ϢĺȸеĲоϷů⣬͵ʼľɡ
λһµˣľһ£¡
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Žüͷ裬ĺǺ
¼ȡŻ߶Σ˵ʡѧзȨ
λەFºܲõ侫£ɶãָָϵһƪ£ֵλ迬ӦҲڽ𻪵ЩɣµЩۣԣķ绪ϿڣŬһʱ䣬˹ȫ⡣
׾֮ѡһ𣿲֪ʦ˭
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üͷѾֻʮѹһ仰²졣
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Ĭһᣬٿڳҹɫ
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üһҪ˵
ոſ죬ۡһѪ˳͵
үү
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˵仰±۾۽ȴϢᡣ
һᣬųǣϴ˶ãľΪס
ҲЩƣһͬĸоͷˡ
Լʦվòλָоʵԡ


1180 ȸϣ
ճصңͼֻСһ˹ϲеӵʤˣӭӡ
ǰԺһ͸ԹܼԽͻԺһΪףվǰ湪ӭӣǰź
䡱˿֮ƮƮ졣
ԶۺĿţǰ龰ƺ⡣
ճԴʧЦʲô⻹ոտ꣬ûôϲѶôףô
๫Ĳѧ£иŲȡһҲѣֻǰذˡ
ãôŪҲ๫ʧʱٴΪЦ

תתӣ㶣ЦˣȻġ
û˵ʵ˼̫̫ʲô鶼һͷոտ㲻УҲһ£ǳϲ
ǰοԣģҺľҲû̫̫һ˼׷ѡ
Ϊ߿֮󣬺ӷҪúõȫףһ£ǵ֮аһݣ޷ϲİ
ճ˼뷨ûж˵кŹӭɢȥʵֻϻˣ𣿡
Եģ̷ϵվտֲ֪ɽ亣ζٹŹֵʳŪʮζҴ˰Ʊ๫ͷİɡ
ЦУ΢΢ƺڴֵֻλʯܲһûеʱҪ𣿡
˵ʯܲʱЩ죬˵֮ʱϱͺԹˣ뵽๫֪͹Է̨ӳ˵˼¥ӶˣҲ̫Ǹˡ
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ЩССһ㣬һɫŮԼ͸һ㣬˿Ц
ţѧϰζ˼̬һЩĺô๫ճȻ˵ˣţЦİ׼ϯ
̷ϵ̷ָָȴõĺ֣ϸۣò˵ġ
ǰھǴϸ¥Իϵ˲ϵΪóվޱȡ
ǰӱ𻪣ʱ·ϣӶϱԱ׷ɱڽҲðصġ
ճլ֮Ҫһվտĳʦͳ˵£Ͷˡ
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ճķˣȷζޱȣʱʱ̾úֵ
ǰԷɱûѵõʳģճȻ˷ѣŲٰ׻磬֪ͨлӨ۾ۡ
ҰǿᣬѪӯʳ֮󲹣ǿ֮˸żô
ְΪϵĻѪ⾧Өܣ治֪̺ŶؾɽѩôҪ
ʱط󣬿ıЧá
ճǵһն֮ʱǱལϵĴС
ֱ֣żʣǻѾĽ׺ڣƽ֪Թɽ䱦ҩ
ʳܱʵȻܳԶʳ¶ҪúõһΪ
ϴ֮ճ߽ŵһŨ㣬ĻȫһһģȻǱ⻢ζ
ⰡҲδƷ֪ζΣճҲЩСڴˣЩˣʵֻܷһĭȴǲܴ󲹡
뵽˷¸ͷǡ
̫˷ˣʱһ׽֮ȫȫΪ̼ȴ˷ˡ
漴뵽ͷãԼʵҲûʱӴɽϰ׻Ƥӵ´ߣҡͷ̾Ϣ

׻ãΰĴڣʱѾʺѪĵ̷̺ˡ
̨վŵľһЩ׳뺷ĺӣĿȵϷһˡ
ȣ̬ü絶Ŀбһ羰̲סĻΡ
Էңа׻ø߲ʵϵá
ǽʱͬգǰڵЦȴֻܸ
Էһҹ֮ѳΪͷ˾ִɱȨ
ֵǣ⼸ʮӣȴûһ˸¶ֲΪǶλ㻬ɿڵҲģʱʬѺ
ⲻһˣһֻ˵ħ
ֶ֮ʱɶ֡
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վ׵λĺȴͷ󺹣Ҳվȵͨһ͹ڵأ޺ֻһʱϣ´˴
ߣϣȻˣȥɡ
һУѩױϵŮһ׹
ƺûжȴһֱն˳
ɫ䣬ûӦͼͷ絷ʤͣ
ǿŶͷ­˻ξ͹ϣѪȪһ㼤ߡ
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ߴ˵ڵأλ鴤˼£żñֱ漴
˶ĵ㺮ԴҿµλǽʣļλԪһͨײ㣬Ҳһ֡
˸ڰ׻֮ʵҲֻܶ࣬λѡ
ǣλǿֶλȴǺ˼ɣ˵ɱɱնһ
ѪȵһĻǣϱλɲ׺ŪӣԳؼֶ



1181 ȸ£
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ȵһʱ䣬ԭһֱûϢɽ׻ɣվ
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СͬŻСèһţһ춼ɱ˰µлӨŷСѾԲЦ£ֻǶԸ˺һ㣬Լˣ¸ʲôȥһҪ˼︰磬ҴƯ㡭
Сգ۾ϸ˿΢ԼС㻹ǴСǸˣЦһºͣûб仯˿Сظġ
һͷС»ߴߴʵС㣬Էǻȥ𣿡
С㣬θȥλ˵𣿡
С㣬Ժ󻹻᲻ˣС¡


1182 ϣ
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δ䣬Ц⹷ܣԼ͵ˣСӲӭͣ򽫳ȥ
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Сݡ硢䡢ǡ
԰һƬͺݵĻˡ
ճ˫ƱշǱգֻþⷽԲĶ֮صףƺһ̧־ܴգһ˵ǿͷЩص꣬ʱΪһ塣
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ΪţȴеһִΪǿ󣬷꣬Ϊţλһأ
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ǰʮɷԲһУӳԼС
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ףֻҪԼʵγɶ
ʮ֮ڣǽ깥ӣʵȣʮ־޴
Ľȫջճϸϸ̽һ£ԼѴﵽղ͵ĵزƢ࣬໯Ԫֱס
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ԭ㶣Ȼ
һ˫ǿѾϴﵽɽȡͷĵزˡϧûţҲûзɽ
ҲźֻһһʽԽŽǵһĻѪ֮У
лӨˣվԶֻо罣
һּǿΣѹͷ
ٿ趯εΧӯӯˮ⣬ԡ
ʲô磬ĪҪͻˣôЩ֮˱˰лӨ̾
ü֮ȴ˿˿˷ܡ
һĭѵ˵ȻûףȴҲ̫Զˣһ򼶸֣ӳҲϿһս㷢ûУΪǿ󣬾񲨶ҲǼǿȫǵѹûһ˿ɢݡ
˫֡лӨ̾
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֮ǰͿԲȵͻ֮ǿֱӴﵽ׺Բͬʱԣ
˶һۣȫֶԷ𾪺ϲá


1183 £
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˺ڣÿһǧʹࡣ
ԣճչ¶ݲŻԶԼ׷ʱҲûжԥһھʹӦ
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һݻĹϵ˭Ҳ벻˭
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Ҹȡ裬漰ҳϺǰ;
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ճȻԼ϶Ѿţ˶ʾˣû飬ûҪȥע
ȻҶôأҲΪһˣ͵ʳ


1184 ƶϣ
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˶ΧһȦȦһѶѣ˭еţ˭ɽ
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֣㲻ȥȥ˻˳ԶǼλЬӶˣû˹˼ʲôŮġ
๫ȥôֻһվȫˡ죬˵˵Ц๫ȥ񣬵ȷ̫ʧˣǽȥɣСɽǼȥ
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Ҷͷ˶
˵һЩС漷бʧʱһУָ˿͡
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ٵģǼٵġ
˻Ц˿
ҵһͿ
һԵȼ˱
ַҡ
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վǰ԰ЦͲȥӦûʲô壬ãչġ
ǣەFְ֮Ӧǰ϶ˣ⵹ûʲô˵ģֻǺ棬ķѧӶڴľײʦѪ˵Ƕ˼λ֪˰᲻ỹ㵭Ȼ
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⴫ȻҲĹ͡
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׵⼸ƽԸſŵҪַȣΪЩʳһ㼷ͬ
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˥΢ĵһӣôܱȵ֣ȴǹˡ

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ҵģ˭ҲߡľٻŪһЩСֶΣϧЩ˵ģοôЦó
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Ҳٹ˲÷ֱЩ˵Ǽ٣ֻǸ˻ƽҲ֮Ļ
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һҹԶоڣҲһΪǻʲô˶ĿһµĻȴԭǴڣиƨã
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˵ΪһʱͿв̤ԺȻϴĸ档
һЩԹȺ˵пԣȻԭ
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ģʹֺޣԺľͳ嵽ſڡ
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ͬ˼̫࣬ʱüͷɵĵޣȥ޶˶˵ĶһЩԵ̹ǡ

Ī볤һЦڰͬ˼Сӽٶ̫죬үҲ˴󷽣и֮ЯһѪ
ѵõĺûţֻҪסͿһ죬ѪŪ׵ĵ·ҪֵҲȽһʡ
׻˵߻ʵԶܣĪʱġ
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˵ĪȴûʲôģֻЦſ˿ǰԶԼ͸ĳǳأС
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˻䵱ȶУô򼸾䣺סˣҰɲǰװģЩͬѧҪúõȰһȰȰҡ
޻ѧԺѧȻһŸֵƣԺȴ辶Ҳãнλͬѧ֮һӣֻѿʵͻ٣ǰҲ㲻
İɣȻͬ˻϶ĪʧЦúš
޻ѧԺ֮УƾżѧԨԴѧȾԲͬѧ֮ΪЩҪ´ʵġ
˵˺ܶˣҪעϸڣýӣǧ¶ţɲʡ͵ĵƣвͻǰ¡ӺҲûãֻǴһϢȴǲ岻
УӣǼҵҹӣǰĸʣǰͶ׹ʽ֪飬ΪйŮԼ꣬Լ
һ˿Īɫȴǰֹʲôƣͱɱˣ˼ҵ׺ðǹ񫡭ôôͿˣֻԼ飬ССһ𻪳ǣƾŵƣҪиҲǲѡ
ԶĴһƬţҲ˿
ֻԶԶȸһ;ŷԶǰﵱ̶Ѩ
·֮תһƬɽ֣˹ٵͼһͷɢ۵ˣҡҡλεţﻹֹšľ֪ʿ״Ԫ֮Ļ
ĪͣסŲȥ
˵ˣĵɡ
üĺӿţͻȻһɿӿ֡
ӦǣλãǾͱóԵ
뵽Īһָһâһ¶ͷ­Ӱһٵ֮ϾǺ
ã̧ͷûô£ѪһͼһƤǵĸʬ˵ڵء
ԷཱུƺûгԱתͷĪ͵ֶˣĿʮ˿˿ܣӦѾһЩǡ
ֻһѪȱŰѹ˹彩䣬֫ܵĿʼ̡
һţ캰
Īһߣգ
ֻصĪüģ˺һŤƽ
ĪҲһЩɫͷð亹̾ϾԼƿأȽ˳ǣ֮󣬾͵úúõүӵ̫֮߶ˣ̫
һЦˣеľԭԺΪΪţϵ䣬Ϳɳ£еĺɲ٣úá
Եǿ궼ȥһЩƬĪҲס
ǣȥѰҷˣֱӱ֪ţһѰ²˳٣ж
ûȴûʲô˻ӶޣٿС
ӰãԶԶɽзһӣסҶɫɷס
ʲôͷüӰ˾꣬ĪǴ죬̫գӦòǡϧˣúõһλ𻪲ӣҡ
һٻسɣߵüˣܿײǼһ
лӨɳŵߡ
ӵֻǶەFѿ鱨ȥҪж
ʵϣٸһҲж


1188 䣨£
԰ձǲͬն
ãһЩͬǰݻᣬһЩѧʡ
ҲһЩ˼
ܸǣһϵˣʱǰʾʾ
һŰ׹ڴԽʿﲻʲôڱȴϲ¡
ճһ
ԭңôԣҲ;
˵ĳֲ̫õӡ
Ϊճңʵǿȡأδ˼ɻ䡣
΢Щݵʿߣǲмڸġ
ȵеţ־˿һ£Ŀ֮£֤ԼĲѧȷԶͬ٭
һΣͬΪеùһЩǰˣڼҵʿϣҲòϣѾͳ塣
һ˵õȮֻҪһȡù嶼λ
䣬λȡùƿӴ
ڽϲʿУ˭֪ľƣǿ֪Ҳòͷ
һһķÿͣճڷˣѴ͵齻ܼԽͻصԺ
̸ʱ䣬̫̫ͺ˵˵
Ȼλ棬ҫ¼ҲǱⲻ˵ġ
ȵڣȡһġ
źʮֻò˿廷ҽ
ճˣųУݵ
ЩƽҪôڱҹУҪôøľװš
Щ̫㡣
ȻĽ𻪳ǣʵѾûж˻أΪ׻ƴһЩ׶ӣűݺС
ͨյ˲ӣҪŵҲͲжߡ
ܻ֮ǡ
ճĳǰѳ䣬֮ʱײײģʵ̸ж
ת뵽ǺһƬ⣬ҲΪѵĹϰҲͺˡ
˵Ӱ֣Ҳν
˿һװƷʵʵڵľɱ
ûһô
峤֮󣬺۾ģɫ΢ĿԼ๫Щԡ
Ŀеĳ롣
˵вѧʫˡ
๫ﳪǰ㣬˫ȫС˵
ϲͺãճ޿ɲɵСӰŪԼΣԴ
˭˵ŴŮû˼ҲŸָͿ
ǰĺ񣬾Ǻûǵʱ򣬶˼䷱쳾̻ͳ
ϢʵҲŵġ
ȻЩȴˡ
ɡ
ӰһͽԷһĸŮӳǰ
۾һɣЩȻ
ʱ֪λܴĽԭҲһ˲õĸ֡
ϢĳߣԼȻ֪
ﲻɵöһЩȣ๫̵׽ԼüӽϰˣҪñ˱ȥ
ʵϣΪ仯̫죬𻪳еһЩ飬ճûü˵
лӨɫЩ࣬к˵⣺ӣەFǵ̽ش֡
Ŷʲô
ەFܳǣ;Ѫ˸
⣬֮󣬹ġ񲻻ա磬׾ٵıͻơ
ǿ׳ڸͬʱ޽ǿһЩ
˿켣ܵóܶϢ
һ˿˵еţԤ֪ǰ¡
ָоܵϡҲָǰ·Ϊһôһ죬ֱӵ֪ࡣ
лӨϢԼĸоû
˵˻ٻһԣһ־꾫Ѫܱѩ裬ľ˪
ǵģ˽֮̽Ӿͷȥֳѭǰ·鿴ֲԶСȫ屻С˿󣬶ǾѪ걻һգֻʣƤͷ
лӨһ˿ŭ⡣
Ȼλ磬ЩҲ̫౯˵黳¾չǲġ
߲ƣƶѩ򡢴ߣĪԶֱʣȻܰĪϴ˽һһһ
˵ĪҵĪ룿
лӨǾȣΪʲôճֻһͲµˣЩȻ
Ҳֻ׸ֵ˹Źǿ
ҲΪʲô磬λӳͰзĪңλ棬ɱ֮󣬵һҲǷȫǣע̿͡
ԭ˷жȻŶԹ
ܹһۿ˭Ӧǰʶ
ĪǣĪ֣
ԼĲ²⣬лӨЩ𾪣λӳĵƿ±ԼûҪࡣ
ճȴûעлӨ뷨⣬ʵģҵȣڰˡ
֮ʱĪһֱԻںʼղ̹
֪ĪټĪͷֱ޳ĪõĻˡ
ңһףĪϴŵʲô
µòĻԼа


1189 ţϣ
˵˷ֿһ˽˸ð֪ڵͨһȥ˲Ӫ
ճЩ֡
Ī˵˵ƣȻǴĪʲô㣿
ˣҵԼˣĪУΪһûʲôȻ֪١ˣõǰ¡
ּȻ޴潻Ҳþܷķ˲ܡǷҵƿռ٣ԲŲ£ܺã»ǰı󶯣رСġ
ĪԸ
֮ʱĪǻСһЩıһĲȦס
ү飬ƺϰֱֱ
ΪԼķϧĪϼ׳Ϊն
ʱ򣬿϶Ҳĳ޴㡣
ǲ֪Ĺģ
лӨȴûôһ£Щ˽⣬ȴճ˼֡
һӰٱѪŵģӦ·
ףôˣ
лӨͣ½Ų
Žֵܳˣ˲֪ʲôԭͻȻ׵жڽ¥ǵҪأȴ껨ֶͬʱ֣Ѿʮλֵˡ
ǵĿʲô
лӨüͷһ壬ûͨôһ¡
͸ΣжвΪ֪ء
ȥ֪ˣŽʱӦҪֳһЩĳ˰ɣڰ׻ڰ֣ǰ컹˳ǣλŽӦҲˡճЦ
ڳĴҴܣʲ󣬻ҪţԼ
ʱȥû壬ֱȥͺá
ͷǰ·ɣҵҪܷʲô
лӨ˵ͷʾ·
ˣЩԭǳģ
ճЦ
ֵʮ˼ȫִ˷ܡ
Ϊһ󺺻⣬ͷŭȵΪʦֻҪܹ˵ˣԺĽ𻪳Ǿ˵㡣
ǣ尡
ոձ԰ǰͼճлӨˣҲһЩҶԺӿ
˶Ȼͣ½ŲΪǿһˣһŮˣŴ۷ۿ

׼ĺȫģȻʵ̫˽⣬֪׻õλˣҲ֪Էռ֮λѲĸ߲ȫϴһա
ԣ˿Բʶİ׻ȴܲʶ
ʲôŮ˵λԲ˳ģҿɲѵֵܾ͸һŮϥ£ɱȥ
ͺͷŭһͷϳ糤ë˫üⳤһŴͻұ£ǻԮŮ˺Ȼոǿ٣סǡ
䡣
ʮӿһĻһֱʮ㣬ִԾԾԾҪ
ν֪η
ʲôĽͨģЩͨоȷʵ̫Զ
ǵӡУΪĶˣѾĸˡ
ͷɱʲôĶֶ·һ
ԭһͷСҾˣǷ˲ŶãȻӵĹĲ£֣ͬͬǾͿˡ
ճҡҡͷ̾ĽΪûе֪Ĺ԰ǻѵƾǰں֮ڣţ
лӨҲ̲סЦʵޣٺõգҲ󲻳׻ζӳˡ
ǳʮǿɵһ㣬û̫עֻתͷһֵ߽
ꡭ
ƺʲôĶŮʵ̲סЦðȥ
ԭӦЩ˵Ĺұֵ߽Ҳһ֡
ʮಶ죬
ͷһɫ۵꣬ݵĻӶߣϵĺȵ׷粶ͷڴˡľˣɱ˶Ԫɽ޾Ȫ񼫡£ҷߣɱۡ
ʮ㣬ֻӶߣ־һ£Žɫһ֣ľ
׼ӭս˻Ժһȫɫ䣬֪롣
ԳڰȻѹԹٸǳͥŵĲͷҪô
ɱ˲죬ǲǾ췴Ӵ˼ģ
ЩۼˣͿˣվλ׷粶ͷģһοཡ׳ĳִӡ
ⲻھ԰ȾƵĺǲͷ
һʱ֮䣬ЩͷˮԼԼЩԡ
Ǻѹ˵ľţʾ԰ꡣ
ճվſ΢üͷоһĻ־硣
ƾôһЩˣҵ鷳Īӻ𣿡
״ʲô⣿
ЩͿˡ
ܣʲôϷҩôΣǼһĴ˴Բѣִִͷˡ
òֹסЦлӨֵòУ
ҲģҪλ׷粶ͷ֪ʲô֣͸һඡ
˵
ͷƤٺЦƣЩʧֻôһС̣ˡ
һˡֳڣһӣڽ𴸡ˡһ졣
˶ֻ¡¡Ŀըѡ
𴦣ںڷľ޴ɽһ㣬ǰ޷׷粶ͷͷȥ


1190 ţ£
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ﻹνŹٸ֮ԱȵöԷȫûԼʲôΣա
˵ԼʵҲš
˷λûãĪİͻ۷壬һʵͬСɡ
ģûܻʧܡ
ӦĪһ飬ҲǾ֮Ͱɡ
ôġ
ȴûϵһ޴ݺͬһס⡣
ûѾƵ˺

һУţҪסһдǰ;
ϧǣǲͿԲġ
һ׵Ļ䣬Ǵů紵һ˲Ĺ
ȴȫûá
ء꣡
߾һ㣬һϡá
񳱣˳ѹ֮ƣߴˣֱֱϡ
յϳһ޴ӡ
ݣ
һ䡣
˴ҳ࣬һжأ
ࡣ
һ£ϱѪҲǴϡ
û뵽λ׷粶ͷȻ֮
֪Ͳ͵Ϯˣöˡ
屬齬֭ҷɣ׵壬Ȼ㲻ȥճлӨȫüͷҲϹҲסڨڨЦЦתͷŭʲôһûЩֺǿҪ𣿸ϡ
ǣ
ԼܲƣڲҲǾ﷢ǰ
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һ͵͵ƾ԰ſվŵճˣٿ޴Ŀ󺺣˼
Щǰ벻ף񿴵Щ˵ĻһЩ顣
ԭһİֲùԶɽ֮ʱʯͷ֮ܶϺӵһºֻһƤˣȴϷһΪλçײͷĲ屡ء
תŲΪ֪ͷгȴûͣЪ
ʱĲͷ֮λرʡ
λҲԼԼ޵߳ȥ참˶þš
ҪǣнҲߡ
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ԣݰݹô˭£֮ܶǱȽġ
Ȼܲͷ˵ԷЩǿӵķˣǾͿ϶ǣҲǡ
Ǻ룬вȫô룬ȫͷ

Ѫ죬ʱҲֺŻľ޴˼˿
ξ޴󣬶ȴǲֻһ˾͵ǰ
޴ͷ£ȫûʲôɡ
˵УöԷ޿ɵ
ӶֻǵѾѪοˡ
żӳɣΪһ㣬Զ
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𴦣п಻ŹЩڣžˡžֱ˿޵ҳһš
ճۣͷ⡣
Ϊ£ǿλء
Ըȣ书Ҳȡ
׻˵ɽ
ֻǷĸǹ
ÿһĹƶɽ۶ԷлǺУаУһֶصı£ܹѱ˵ɱС
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д׾ɣĴгˡ
ּܵʽճԣҲû̫õķӡ
һʮ֮ʱǿǿ˫ƳƸ񵲣һնɱ
ֻǳסѾƣѪ
һкʹһŵĨ;Ҫܡ
ոӳǰӰһһѩ׹ӳ۵ס
ÿĽ
˶ͷ߸߷գһѪưá
һ߾ʬˤԭأë͸
л⣬̫ˡ
˭̫ܵӳͷˣǰ㡣
лӨЦ
ܵÿҲҪ˭ȡ
εûнжԷܣռ˱ˣͲԷˡ
ճǲͷûйעһߵսз֡
һӰ黯ӰӹһƬĳ֡
Ϊɱ¼ȫûһ˸ڳ߶
Ҳ͵͵ۿ˳֮ꡣ
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ĪǷͲ֪Լʵ
֪Ѿƿ˹ٸͳİ
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ôŽıŲûá
Ҳ˵ǻ֮䣬ûнͷ
ֻһЩԶԼ¡
Ǳ߶֣ǣƣҷ
һЩֽ·ҲҪһʱ䣬Ī֮£ҲϺԣһŶԸҵİգһҪĻܱţ䲻ȥ潻档
ĪΪĿģһЩҲֵõġ
׷粶ͷ֣֪ôġ
ų͢׷²ͷ壬һɱȻûüԼ޻ѧԺѧͷ
ǲȻճܻܿǷԺӣһҲ˵
λ׷粶ͷͷСһˣȴ֪ԼĿģһȥǷˮ
Ӻ
һ£ǰϢȥҹĶһ
ϧǣҲôȥҵĻʱѾԶݣЩʱ򣬿Ҳø۵ġ
ճ



1191 һĻᣨϣ
ԶԶһڣӺ񾪾Ŀǰ棬Լȥ԰ҵ˴ٸҲһ
̫ܵ죬̫˴ֲһʱûع
²˵ĪʵǿҵֶιĪ⣬ôɳ֣ȴңûٸ˶Էİ֡
ãѾ֣̫ˣ
һ󾪼£ѾճԶԶı
Ӻ̾˿֪ȥҲ˲ԿĪҹӻζ֣˭˭
ŴӴ뿪ٴԺòӳȥ
Щͷ߾˿ţҲвг׼
ʱһһţèһ㣬
ֻڵһԺ
ԶԶһҽУ֡
һɣһΰ˲ԼţǾʤ
ȵع֮󣬰ɱѵ˵ȥʵҲù
Ͻƽӹӹµµģʵ˺档
Լ̽նӳ˳£ҴϽΣóֶԸģһ
Ժ˭ҼϽٸ̽նӣ
Ӻʵ뿪𻪣Դӵ֪°һ
ţʹ˶ܣûɸĪҵԼºҲ̲ʲôôελǰһˡ
ƻȡùжƲ°ӣܸһչҲǴ󹦡
˳˳ˮһƣڱλռݴƣԺһפܶɰвǸҲ
һڰٳˡ
ĪȻѾǸƻҲˣȻ֪ʲôֶΣĪӦòԺƭҡ
Ժܶ飬Ӻһ̶
һ㣬ûд
۷ʵȻ㲻þףҲһ֣еԭסû㶯
ոԾ񷿣䵽һ泤֣ӺһûͿǰվһӰ
һ̧ͷȥͼһ˫۾Į˹

Ӻɫ䣬һɺӿ飬һŵŵš˳˻˵㣬ʲôֻǱһԿ֣޶⡣
ճҡҡͷЦװˣԴەFһȾƵһǾѰи棬㲻ΪԼ˰ɣҪҷŹ㣬еѰ
ҲֻǾƺδԸɴˣαͱˣģڽ𻪳һ죬˾Ͳٳ֣Ӵ˱Զɺã
Ӻӻܿ죬һ̽ţ֪ʱƾԼǵҲӲȥ
ǲ֪˽ĵж٣ΪǴ˷λͨˣ֪ݡ
һ˿ҡ
еģ˵ҵ飬˵ոĪַǾͱȥˣĪͷ֪ҵǶ¶ˣҵʵپҲһЩ
ճϷЦûʲô¶ȣ
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Ӻ˵ʵڵģճƽﶼû̫עߵ·ˡ
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Ӻˣ˵Լ֮󣬾ͻģʱþڲˣΪһЩ޴顣
Ϊ£ϳ˾磬ٱԽŽϣӴΪһɢˣǰ;ǻˡ
λӺʱȴûб¶ʲôߺԹһֱĬĬĸŷ£ԼӳҲ㹧
ճԷǸˣʶȤĻһҲǲԡ
û뵽鲢ˣ˵˼صüվߵ·
Ȼǵˣǻʲô˵ġ
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νĻᣬֻɱˣ꣬ʵһ£Ҳû˻ٵꡣ
λбɱ֮ĴԽھͻⷽλͶֻ̥Ժܾãʧܴһʧһּ䡣
Щλ˵һּΪµľ
һ£־ᶨǿ͵ĴԽߣҲֻΣͻ͹ͬλͬ
ΪոմԽʱרҵ߻ţŰȫƣһξǹһιŹأǺǻȫȻ
ڴˣڴˡ
пӹӹµµͬλիеͨһ㣬ղʳǳգʳ
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ӺͷһҧҧнһӣЦЩɢߣҲеߣܼƲԼͬ飿ʵ˵ɣĪļƻǲ˵ģҿԱ֤ӴԺ󣬲ӳԣңȵع֮Ҳ͸¶λκβϢ
Խ˵ԽƶȻеһʼգĺú
һ£ӲӣϧҪһɾ͵Ӣۻۣ߿һ۵ġ
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ϯһŽڣ֮ŷ׷ĻĩƮɢȥһء
ϾǶѣȻ׷ɢУˣôԵǻƣ
ճЦһѸлӨҲսֻǷԸҸо黹б䶯ַɢȫǣ龡ƽϢȥȥ
δȵӦ£һͳԶһû
ǰ÷


1192 һĻᣨ£
ճһֱľȲΧƿе˵ȥȻʩ
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ʵΪǸ̫Źˡ
ԭĵ֮ʱûλˣ԰ȥ
һܼʧУҲǿٻȥ
ĴȻЩȴȻֵá
ˣҲ͵ЩЩ
ıɱһˣ³Թȴڡ
˼Ҷ͸Ŀ߻ع飬ȵѰ൱Ѱ졣
ȻҲƾ˭õġ
Ҳֻϵİɣѹλ洩ԽʱҹռԴЩɢ˸֣ôȻֻεĻ߼֯֯Լ߼ҴӴΪ¡
һԸһֻȥв̫
һ㣬ӵʱλ֮УʣµӡĪٻǣͿԿó
ȻϧޱȾ޴ĴۣһԼŮ
ΪĪźܴüֵż
ڣԼĪͲͬһطԽŵĵصҲԶǧĪ뻹۰Ͱ͵ĸˡ
ʲôͼıֻλ֮вſʵʩģ
ԣ
ôûҪô
ͼذֵʱճȻԼЩ˷ܡ
Ȼ֪ԷıԭΪΣҲܷöԷʩΪ
ԼǿЩ׼ǵأΪӴû˺Լ
ǲţԴ
ı֮ģо֮¡
Ǵȷʽ
ɫӰ䣬ͽ׷ճתͷһȴǺ
ʱҲὣ֣һɾ䣬ֻ촽΢΢ţΪճٶ̫죬׷Щ
ȻˣȻ͵ӷԸҳײһε˲̫һҲСһ㡣
ճҧ촽ۼģ֪ȰҲûã˵
Ϊ򳪸棬ʱܺ˵ʱȴҲǿԼĵǿҪðʲôģһƬ⡣
Ҿ֪๫ˣһ֪ţ๫ı£ʲôΣգʵֻ뿴һ㣬ϣҪ£
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ȻϲĬĬڼҷףӣТţѼҵ𣬵ϲʵǸĳһ̽ģȥ
ϧ๫ÿﲻڼж飬Ǵ轣ʱȥжҲֻǴҴҶȥת۾ͻȫûֽĸо
һŻͻжŷһ㡣
Ǵγɱţ·ϸĵʿ֣ɱִ̼ױȡ
߻ſˡ
ճбһۺ񣬼С˵ģ֪ʲô
ᵽСٻҲǽڡ
ǴκǣڳſھͼСٻ֪λСҹǰ԰ʾţܾԼǷ˶Էһ顣
ĳһ˵˵СٻΪҹżһӵ鱻ڼңʮֿʱסˡ
Ǿòĸճ¡
ճǵõʱĽ̸ġ
๫㲻ȥСٻ˵н顣۾һգһգ⡣
ճб棬һ󴫡ζǰ˼Զȣ˳ڴСͦģϧˡ
Ŀ˫ְճżʵΪοϧˣ
вȴ岻ýѣ׶༪٣Щѵעˣ
ճĸпȻҲԼ๫һٻŮĻĹ£СٻԭһֻŮһֻԹ¼įŮ
վҪˡ
뷨ܼ򵥣вβƵʲôΪѵģʣǲ๫𣿡
ΣԸ⣬ûҲβãճڴĿȻ鱾
Ǿ͵ˣа취ӻ飬ͼ֮ƶʡ
һҼѹĥֹܱ䡣ճͷ
ӿ󣺡๫׼һҼȥ͸Ҳ㻹飬˵黭ǾͨҲѧѧ
ʲôԵǣֻǳϳµĸСٻһۣǣˣ˱˵ҹ֮顣
ԷľٶûжԼ๫𵽴Ҳ˵Ϊӣ£վҪġ
ǣڶ죬ճ׼һ׹͸Сٻ滹ʱʱȥúԺ塢
˵Сﴦúܲ
壬ž
Щķչɺϡ
ˣģСٻߴȥ֪վǳΪ˱𴦵ķۡ
ˣҪıҲɺϵĽ˸ãڤڤȻݱ䡣
˵ٻŮĻɳ˵ϼʼʱճҲΪǵġ
չ۲Լҵıֵɳȴʵˡ
ǹеԶֻһǾСٻ
һжΪԴŦ
ǣһص󣬲أܾһ׻ңΪǵѣҲǳŲȥģҲòС
ǣ˭ǣ
ֻСٻһ壬ͽ˱ˡ
֮ʵԡ
ճͣ½Ųһ
֮ϢĶһԵӰڴڵԪ
Ӱʵ֮䣬һ˫ĿâճڵĽӴ̾ͱȾɬ
ѭŴУ׳ɳԷԶ֫ٺӿȥ
ԭˣУӴֻƾһý飬ͿԹң֮
ôǿ鱻͸Сٻⲡ׹ӦñĪõˡ
оԼ飬ճﰵݣЩҡ



1193 ɽͣϣ
ճ֣Լе䣬ȷʵʮֹ
ȻԸշʤ
õԼķ˿ѪҺҲһˣԵʲô
ĪҲûжֻҪһ
ƿռһȻոꡣ

ſڣճѾӦ˺Ժ֮УһӴĹϢһƬڲס⡣
๫û°ɣźߣಽճɫ䣬ʵ
޷ֻиͷ԰㣬ʱûд󰭡ճЦЦοıǲҲǹȴκβҡ
һһμԼ๫ЦɱǴɱź͵֮ʱҲûء
ҧҧסּһĴţ˾衣
븮ãճоһһ硣
ɵգͿӰӣһĨܾ±ӰӰ´¡
̨ͤ԰ˮȫһ˻ңң
ûǰУ˹ͼǰӰһ档
ճϡһʣӰնϡ
Сģǹ
һǸŵĺڴѡ
ѪϵճԹӰͣѾȻģкһһ񣬽ǰ̡
ҫЩӰһը
ȳ嵽εģһɫ԰˫̣ͷϺڷС裬ʮСѾ
Ѿû˰ϰڵһڼ䣬ַ˶
ճ꣬һ׹̵ǧٿףƮɢ
ոճ֣ͺ
ԶݽԣرߣһЩӰ¶
ȫƮʮָɭɭճ˹
ЩӰӿɫ԰ճоԼѪҺҲЩˡ
üһľڳڹٸ֮в´ظ˻ȫתֶΡȫһ˿ذ
һ̾۵һ죬΢΢һ
׹޺âһɫļҽһ𣬾ɢɷɻңɢ
ţҲǱ̹һһģһնɱ
ЩǿɲҲǿʵϹûʲô·
һ˶ԸˣϽǿĶ֣û̫вԡ
Ϊ׷η˵ѧУҲʮܡ
ˣճһӣѪԽΪǰѱѪԪ׹⣬ҲͲڶԸ˹
ճԹˣƬɵĿռ䣬ƺܸԪ
ó֮ʱֻܴ֮гȡһ˿˿׹½
Һ̵Ҳɽ
⸽ڽϣΧĴƬâ˿ˮһɨƬ֨֨űնɱ
ߣҪȵҵ֮ˣ˰ѹٸΪҵҪ˭˵Ϊ
ţ
նֻ߰ҲֻǸճǰУʵϣĸ߶֪
ֻͣƬ̣þѾϲ·ȫҲ֪ǶԷڡ
ˣ
ճһնɱһӰμ٣ƾӦԺȥ
߽ͻȻǣĽ͵Ľ׽ʱѾȫȾڣ˼һ飬Ҳܲٿء
ѪҺҲ𽥱仺֫΢΢飬ǱӰ쵽ˣʴ
ճӦصĺ֮УһңӦ
󷨰Ѹûһ֮ĹԭľͷѾá
ΣʱҲϲ·
ճѾĲ³ˣ⵽һֶˣҲȥֻǹкġ
кĵĻ϶֮ء
ԽΣʱ̣Խҫ֮£Ѫתһ
նߣ־ˡ
Ȼ󷨣ֻҪ߳һҲͲв
ţնܡ
ⲻоƬԷһӦ
֪Щʲôȷѡ
̧ۻӽĵ⵽¡¡һն
ܻɵվѿһֳ϶
ڳ紵׻ҫ
ͻȻһһͨԶԼԼ
ҵˡ
ճһָ·ǰԻ
ӿǰʬ˴һײͻƬƬ̻ҽ
̨ͤƻټ䣬ֱֱײһ·

Ѿˣ󷨵׹ܲãһʱ̶ûס
ĪüһЩ
ǰӨɫ߽Ӱֻ߮һȫͻƬ׹
һĽɫ׹֮˳ǸʮҵŮס
ŮᣬȴûɷԣֻǶĿԶĸˡ
ףΪҪʱ˵ҵĺд⣬һֱţȴû뵽ԭģ㲻ҪŮ˵һҸˣοҪ˸ôˣ
ԶԶվŵޡü˿˿긾ˣȴûСٻʻǵʱʱĿһԶ
һ⣬ƿȡ
ֺܿҪȴûʲô취롣



1194 ɽͣ£
ô㲻˵ѾͬΪΪλն϶ɽȪˮΪ۵Ҳס
ŭһо޷룬ȥ⡣
һתСٻ˵СٻŮΪãȵתɹ֮󣬾ͿԳңЩӹֺ֮α⣬׹ɣֻҪһκͿѵ÷̥Ҳ£Ȼǽ𻪸𡭡
Ҳˣ˵ûЩ۾ĲһģѾҵˡ
˴ʱ˿̣Сٻﻹ벻ס
⸾˳ֿס֪ѸȫɴԺǳȫûζ
ﻹˣʮʮѾ
ױѾ˰ɣ
СٻôҲֹסˡ
Ƭ׹ͻȻŹâҲ׶༪٣ң˵ƺͨ׹ıľ
ҧҧԱߵһѪ׹֮ϡ
˻һɫâǿʢ֡
â˸䣬ԿСٻǰ岽Ѿɫڵʬ塣
һ񻣬һ嵥޽ܿѾС̡
ӦǰΪ˻סСٻвѱɱ
ԱǰУѾһ׹⻪֮Уһһε漷
ƺҪͨĳδ֪;
Ҫɹˡ
Īɫȴûʲôϲɫֻоᡣ
ڲ˵䷨ֻǧԺΪΪƾǣҲ޷סʴô˼ѣ
ʯˣ㻹ȵˣֲ˺ôҲԲ˶ߡ
ΪҲ밡Ѿͷһűɾ壬ȴƫƫŪһ׹һ񰡣
Ϊǿ׹ϧѪֻҪٵһᣬͻľתˣٳһš
ʯСٻСŮϵѪɫʧֻʣ²ҰһƬﲻɵû
ˣͿˣŮһɣҾʹУɽȪˮ˼ʿôҲҷֺʱ£һԱӻţչŶҾ͹Բ
ǰİ֡
ǰƺ߸ϣĵƣҲֻǸɫ竰ˡ
ڸԶһˣһŹ۵ĳӣʱɫľȻϣѪ죬ϺƶȴǶá
ͷһ˿˿˹âӣʪۣѾһˡ
֪һԿţҲֻܿš
ں޽һǧֻС࣬ȴôҲûС
Ī룬ǡʯˡûаѾһˡ
ûавˡ
ʱһַֹȥͷϵĽƹâԽԽۼȻѾ
ԼıŮΣ֣ͬĸ˱ʮֺݶٿСȫһֻֻټʥ֮ԡ΢ԴʵҲû塣
Ӳ񣡡仰û
ˣʥǲЩ飬ǲţЩһֱڣûӡ
б࣬ٿŮݣֻǶĿԶһĨԣ۾һգգȫϣܴת

ˡ
ճһ·ǰУҲ֪ն˶ٹ˶ٻ
촦Ĵҽ
ԼУһնȥͼд࣡һ죬ǰȻʡ
ʯ֮䣬Ӱӳ
ҲɣһһԾһƬˮ˰㷺ǰϯȥĻűһɨա
ͬʱɫԾϢĿɿռ䣬ֱǰˡ
⵽;׹⣬죬Ҿߴ̺顣
һѪ⸽ڽ֮ϣĵ׼ʵʵɱ⣬ǰռ䱻˺һѷ졣

ճûȥ԰ۣҲûйעӰѾͻ壬С
ָһ̳Ľޡ
滨ǾͿܷ񵲵סҵĽ⡣
ô򵥡
Ī뿴Գ׽׹ϲ֪Ѿɹ
ӡȫʱ͸оͬ׹ģһѪճԼ
ֻüͷһۣͷû𣬾ͱǵ̴塣
ɫ׹ɨһӿͷ
ÿĽ
Īд󺧡
˵ճĽȴûԹ
ʱĿ꣬ŷЩϵĴȫԣ˵ñһЩ
˵˼άͷҪ졣
Һް
һݻٴĪ˻ţæֻһˣҲ׹ȥ
ʱֻӳ꣬Ҫ׹
ǰţܽϼУѹƶԷǸԷв࣬ҲӦˣ˭Ӯ˭仹δ֪
ǣȴԶԶԼ
ҴоԶλ洩Խ˽ṇ̃ԺܶΣҲη塣
ǵȻ걻𣬻ʲô
Ȼͻɹȫ淢Լ꣬ʲô壿
תֻ
ߵıʵһ棬ǧѪ֮ǼǿͣȻ׹һЩֿûһ
׹ĪֱԼ֮ͬУôҲ
֮ͬʱϨ
ǿѹͷںޡѹηฺͷһݣЮӰĪռ䣬ȫͻ
ȻƴƴƴǾƴ꣬ҾͲ򻹶ӮĽ׾硣
ԭƻǲðһգͼıʴ
ʱ䣬Ǿ͹עһֱǿϮ



1195 ֦ϣ
ףȻƴһľģ
ճ΢΢Щ⣬ƽˮҲţֻǿԺͻȻɽСſѪ죬Լʶҧ˹
һоƬͻȻ
ҡҷζ黨ͻȻâһǵأ˷ȥӳյʶɡ
ֻӴӰֻ÷һһ̺ӿ𣬴ʹ˱
类˳ˮϮĵ̰ӣֻǼһᣬϺɢΪһƬƬĹ
ͷȫɢٿۼ
ԼԼܼĪŻ̾һģģ
ͣΣ֮ʱѸۣһܣͷŭݡ
ûüжһɨ鿪
вճľȫɢϴ
ֻӣɢ֮С
оƬһԼԼ޵ıãճҲ㻶ϲֳʵ졢ĸоףͬĪ꣬ѾԼȫһա
ԭˣԭͬ˵һΪãꡢȻԺ֮ƽܲĶ
˵ǿߵõһС߿
ö񶾵Ĺ
ճЦ
ĪΪܵףϺŶ֣ȴһͷײճʶ
ճ꣬ȴʵʵߵ塣
һٳɵĸոͻ޵ײǣһǶһһӡĵ꣬Ȼض˵
οճԺ֮лоƬ֪ʲôȼıѹһС
ڱĵطеһƴ
ճʶУǾȫܸʲôв
˵Ҳ֣оƬһֱľʶ֮УߵﶼǸţȥûб仯
ǲǾʹţҲΪǸֿɵãԳ귽㣿
ԣû򵥣и⡣
ճԺһ˿˿ͷȴѾϾϸˡ
һ־޴ĳʵгͷ΢΢ѣΣӿԺķŸңң̽ȥһжôһжС
󷨣ȫȻʧȥãظԺбĿ
ʻ¶㣬ɫޣźɢӴ󣬵仨黯ʵתмһ˶ͦΣԱ΢΢ҡΣϷţӦš
ռÿһ΢ɼƺܲоºͷꡣ
ƿأƿʮɣƿ
ճͷֻһһӶ̶£ǱȾɲƹӹ»ָɰϡ״̬
оԼĽøϬ񣬶ǿ֡
ÿһÿһƬѪ⣬ÿһǶ˺֣Կóϸ΢ȱݡ
ֻȥһʱĥͿԸһ
ﵽףԲΪʵɣǶһΧڳ׵ƿأ֮أΪףԪӺ
ճ΢΢񣬾Լʲôͻơ
ңһô֣ǰġδȾһУԽ˴ֲڸӦġšնܡһֿƵܿˣԼĳµΣջ
ֻҪ粻̫ԶһֱռȻ
ԭնܡĺһ񾳽磬ǡơ
·׷쳾ɣѵľھУýѡ
ԵУżô
ƺշ֪ң
ճû뵽ԼֻǷɱĪ룬ȡһܻ꣬˾޴ô
ϲ֮УȴԼ⴦
ʶڵıӰһб仯ֻ̡ת̽ȥ
ǰо޵Ĵ󣬴ʱްأϸƵӳĵס
ֽûԶ
һľȻ͵顣
Сٻδ飬ѾҪʧȥԼڲꡭ
һ޵ϢԼݺ

¸˼Ī뱻ǰһն˺ѿռ䣬ƴͣϷ𾪾ݡ
ȥԼսƷСٻ
ͷҪǹ˼
Ȼô룬վЩģüһ˿
ʱͿԦʹߵ겻֪ΪΣӰͳ˰֮ڡ
ͷϷԵת䡣
վԭطȻϲ֮ɫȻ˼Ѳڴ˴
¸һϲ
ʱȻˣҲ
Ҳ룬һһСɽӡ״ʲճȥ
ܿڣľѻɽһƬڵĳڹʣڰ׹ɭɭ沨ŵĶ
ԺеССɽȫһա
ŭѹÿռ䶼֨֨졣
ҪУճһѩâССɽͻȻһ٣ͬӰٶȣ仺
ǳҸ棬Ͼ֮ʱ͵Ϯ
ճ
ʱ㲻룬Ҳ֪ССɽ岻ʲôö
ֻҪУܻܿвõĽ
ǣԼľ֮Уȴȫû塣
ʱ·һ̱֮һ
ճֻԪʹָУҪһӳǰӰһͼһȹӰ˵Ǻɫɽǰ
Ҳһˣںڴ
СٻҪΪҵסºΪɵ
ճԸӣζӳ¡
ܵס⹥ʲôʲôңһ٣۵Ҳȥ


1196 ֦£
ճ֪Ǹ񵲻ǷԼĽ׵ͻնСٻϡ
ǽ׹ļǿǿһЩĹΪƣȻᵱɢ
ССɽӡĹΪСٻϢͬͬԴȴֻ˲ꡣ
Ȩȡᡣ
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СٻͿɺڹˮһˣȫΪĩ
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ЦţǰһץסСٻĹųһš
ʱ򣬻ҷˣճɫһѩͬһ£Ÿնȥ
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תͷܣͼܰͣԼ˵ĳӣ
ոµɽ룬СݺͰܵסߣҲûзֵ١
ѲҸоˣǸոյ壬庮ʮʵ
üͷͻȻʶӣһͼϸϸһڻߣǲҶһһĿή
ͷң˻һ̣Ͻ𻪣Ҫʡ
ƽƺţ´ֻ֮С
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䣬Զһըɽһһȣ飡
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˻ͷȥƺʲô
׻â죬һᣬͼԶԶһɽľҡΣһвŮЦֱƴ͸ģЦ˹
ߣٿֲ
һΣûκɣȫɫ԰ףѾʧˣ̬Ž𻪷򼱼ȥ

תƳǶߡ
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עĿģ׳ĵãԶɽ֮ϣһֱ
޴ҶڼסСɽ壬ɽƮչ
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׷ôԶҲ˰ɣӦѾӦµľ硣ճĬĬӦѪ΢΢һЩͷֱ嶥š
֮Уһ̤У߳һ̤
žһ죬ɽС·ϲҶͷӰͻأʧٴγʱѾǸԶ
гһ켣ǰһ̳
΢΢һ˿⣬̺ż֮
۶˳ͻ֮󣬾ƿʮһУֻϺ͹ϣʵʲȴԶԶû򵥡
Ҳճһֱ󣬲ȫֵԭڡ
ΪԼһ̳ûɱŮȴѶԷеСٻɱЦͿˡ
׵һһε뵽֮С
ÿһԪÿһָ֪ȫ뽣棬ճе೤һ⣺
նһϸ˿ǰŤŷС
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ýɱ顭
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ָ裬䣬ǰԶͣһѻڣܲķɽ
㣬ҡͷԣƺ۾һ㣬ֱֱճȫҪ



1197 ޵Уϣ
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޼Ǭ跨ն
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֮лɽһʮʮ٣ɽޱӿѹ£ƺԺǰ淽ԲԪȡһա



1198 ޵У£
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ǣһ㡣
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ʵϣնĸȵСٻֻ֣ǻֹע߷עǱҡߵĺƷɽ档
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ֻڼ֮⣬ʵʵĶһЩ̾
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˽ˣʱǹءľѻᣬЩֻŪɧ˾ѪŮȫסҵġ


1199 ݺȥϣ
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ֲĽǻԼ͵˵ģ
Ѵ־ĳĳĳգĳһλ˴ԼŮӡ
ոʶ֮Уȷһͷ
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СٻһֱĴճĿճʻشЩĮȴɱ
ճһϸȥȴǴСʱΪ䣬תɽϵǿϻ⡣
ƺǰɽŮĻָʹˡ
һ㣬ճҲȥ˵ơ
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СٻҪѰ˷ԴȥѰʹѶȴòֹôһǰ㡣
ŰɣȲʵ飬ҲһЩ
ԺתŲɵͷճһ㣬ٲɽ·ĸ١
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Ȼ˴󵨣ĵӲƴҵı壿Ҫ֪ϼǴҿʮɷԲ±ס


1200 ݺȥ£
޳ƣˮ޳ΣһԽΪˣ֪㣬ۼôͨȥ·֮£Ҳֻһǹˡ
ϼԼĴӣǴһ˿Ц⣬Ͽճ˼
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þ޴©ģͷ鲻ˡ
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֦鵽ҵ١
ľм׷ɣܹһĲϼģ
նյһնɣһﻹҷ
ֻܰλϿߣѾˡ
ȴûע⵽һնλƤһָֻǰĸݣɫҲ԰ֽ
ķӦճ֪ĳɹˡ
һն꣬ǰתΪˡ
һգͻһɵӰӣ׹ذӶȥﻹЦţξȸһѵʵʵɽϣؾزҪˣҾͷһһȡ
ɽ֣Ӱǵɽš
ƮСӣתʧ
һΣͲҷֳһ֧һֻǰ֦ҶһţŶ˻ҲŹġ
ʱҲֻܴˡ
ոյĶݽ棬Ӧ𶥵Σ
һȻֻᣬû̫֮ȴնޣһҪ
ڻ㼰ʱֻһûиԷʤ׷Ļᡣ
ȻĻսֻ֪Σ
Ҫˣûаʱ䣬Ҳ롣
侹Ȼ˽ⲻǵǴաôʹδʶУŮһҪһ˷úɽһ֮ΣķɱеİվͻһЩ
ֻܿһصӣһ̶ˡ
һŭǿֻͷƿҪ˱衣
һɨͼϼĿɿڴվɽƺûѹһŭ
ʿҲЦȥɣ
ǧַӿȥϼһĴ򡭡
̳¡¡
ܿ죬ɽоһӰһϰգҡҡλɽ¼ȥ
ճڳܿڣѪһӣһƿڴͷҲһء
ϼ
ﻹŸģţܻ



1201 ನϣ
ճԶˣ֮ͣͷȥüͷ΢΢ƺЩˬЩɻ
Сٻ֣ʵ򲻹㣬˰ôģ
һ㣬Ҳˡ
ճ̾Ǵ򲻹ǱˣûпһնҵѾҪʱ֮ھԷڶֹܿƿռ䣬ƶԷӦԪ䶯һ£ҪþȫȴҪǿư
СٻҲһЩȴûеģֻЦΣ˵֣һ֣´ζɱԲԣ
ǵǣһҲֻ·;еһСӣôһ죬һŲ
仰ȴ˵úɣһʮԶ롣
ճһҲ˲СĴ̼һֽȸУ˵ԼĹ
ڱ˿ղžռϷ磬һܳ
ʵϣԼס
һնȴо
֮У񾳽ڿѿռܴݷնսǰѹ׵ıҲ˳
ңһ㣬ʮ־ˡ
ԼĹȻЧȴǳ䲻֮£Ҳֻز
ĿǰĽֻ˲ɱҪݻ٣վﲻƾԼôܣ
Ͼǧǿ͵òľͷ
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Ҳһӿ͵¶
ܲˣƴҲҪֽЩΣգܲɽǸδ֪
Ȼ³ҲþˣҪģǻƴܾ˵⣬Ǹٵʿ
ճ꿴Ƽܣָơ
ͷ֣ԶϼһֱţԶҲֻ֣ǿš
ʱ¶һֿһֶҹ֮󣬼ʢʳ
ʿҪʲô
뱧̵뷨մұˣ֮ı
ͷһѵȥֻԼ⡣
˵Ľڣĸ磬Ѿܹˡ
һܣȴף̫Զʧȥܶսա
˵ˣϼȣҲǴ硣
ٵʿһ׹ֻǹ˼ϵƾͺõ߰˰ˣָССǿҲ֪ôġ
Ѳɣ԰øһ㣿
Щ߰飬ճβͣŽ𻪼۶ȥɽŭϼĴҲȥܡ
óٵʿ֮Ľһˣ߿˵һֱల¡
ϼҪԸǴ򲻹ҲԶ룻ƫµգҪ廳ʢ֮ʱٹ⣬
Ͼ˵ķ˵оڵżͷϾ֮С
ҲдΪΪ֡
ճŸϻ֪ͻ䣬֪Σ᲻ʹ䣬Ļ䣿ֻһЩ¶ˡ
иʲộѰ˶·͢ƱֻǴһ֪˵¹ѻ
Ȼô仯ճ˵ʵҲʲô£ʹõֶζúܣ𻪵ľվǻƿ
ܵ˵죬龭Щ֮󣬵ȫ֮򽻵ҲһЩ
οСٻء
ѾԿ϶ĸǰѱðʵһֻƤŮ
ǰıУ˲һ̵ֱСѾ̶һֱС޽ܿȫ
ִ̫ҡ
ϣ֪־ǿɣܳŵסĻڣСٻҲ־䣬ӴΪ
ճͷĿ˿С˫Įӣ˵ʱҰꡭʱСٻװȴƣЦȻ
뵽˵ʱСѾĴҹԼңֻΪ˱ʾʱСٻһССԼ˺ʮ⡭
ֻһǻţԣĿż͸¶һ˿⡣
͵͵İеĺ׹һ˿ʱʱĻ˼֮УָʱʶĸŻ
Ҫϰ𣿡ճһͷ

һͨ𣬰ԿӵϼĶӣЩ
ٹһᣬûʲôʣظϵ£֦Ҷƽ
һ紵ɳɳ죬ԭһɺ𣬾ͳһλۣƤϸĴתͽ˶
˼̤ף̫ŽһģؿںݺݵĴ˼ü¶ʹɫ
뵽ǰһУҧг̾һ
߷ΪӰ죬Ҳܸܵʹ࣬ɺޡ
ĿһɨͼڼʮŮɪɪĶһԣĿ˹Щﻹһ˿Ī
ҲڳЦ𣿳ЦұһˣҲ췴
ζһͻȻŭлóһڵıӣݺݵķ˹ȥ


һЩŮӳشȴƫƫҶܣֻһġ
һᣬöǿ޺Ȼζѱһӣ֮ϣʵС䡢С죬ôµģǰЩӽǲ̨֮˽ڶǾ͸˵һ˼µģʵ̫ǿûʲôв
ū澸
Ůôһɵûʧɫ
˼ӣǱҡɫҰܣʱȫ䡣
ҲҲǱľƭ˹ȥĽˮƽಫǸġ
±ŵòᣬҲƢ
Щܵÿȥ죬һζҲ̫á
תС䣬㲻˵ǽ𻪰׻ãҲƣͷСϻҲȥɽϰ׻ûУͱȥ
ƺ뵽ʲô˵飬﷢¸¡ЦЦͣ˵С죬Ǳ𻪳ǣķ̽ʲô㣬ʲôںˣϵȫǾŮ٣öˡ
ǣ



1202 ನ£
ԶԶܿ𻪳ǽճڵͣ
ˡ
洫΢죬űƿһ𣺡
Щ졣
ճȥͼһŻƬطһŨ̡
С壬߰ʮ˼ңܿȥһһ棬ġ
СٻȻ˵Ŀճһգգġ
ȻѾû̫飬ճǿˣǽȥء
ǵطǻ̵ģһ˴ʣȻֳˣиƴɱ
ճ̫עⷽλƣҲȻ
ǰãЩʱҰĴʱʱľͻ¼ʱİӷ
ٸһ¶ᣬΪǹܲˡ
ÿµķһ˵ˡ
˷Υ׷Ѱټҵ֡
ֵȫѪײУǷ˿켣ʵҲҲ˭
֪߾֣ܷ˵ĵ׻߻ǰߣֻߣ
鰸ĲܲһЩζͺǲˣץס͡
Сٻ۵͸ңճĬĬͷ
ֻҪԻڣͻоȣµľﱻ̫󣬴Ӵĵױ⣬
ԭĹСٻǲģȻԼΪûоұ˵һĻֻɹѹһЩίԾŻ룬á
Ϊʱ򣬻ΪĸһֱúõģѾûܿȻҲúúõġ
ںΣ°ȥ֮󣬾Ҳûع𻪣ǲ֪ġ
ֻ֪丸ʬ˹Ȼ˳Ƴɻϻϻ£ƵֶΡ
ȴһճĪЩ˵ĵһľ䡣
Сٻٲǰǰһת֮һգȻ
űɱ˸䡣
˳˵׺ݶ񶾡
βһ̬ȻҲһ
һЩǰֱǨճŲһת˹ٵŻ֮Ӷȥ
תһɽ룬ͼһȵأéβš
һЩֲͷƼݵİտ޺ⱼܡ
ߵˣݡһžһѪڣӵص״˳һȥ񱻳Ե
ʦ
Ѫڵĺ棬׷ŸһµʿʱѪᣬ˻
ִնһƬ˪ѩһͳһֽ
ָⵯ䣬Ŵŵ߾ը⡣
ߣƤûƬճۣʮ˶ģ֪ʲô
ճȥƼܷ
С֮ÿһÿһ˿ԪС顱ݵļʮ࣬ʵѪȫӳĵס
ҪǵصһӴѪӦӴͷֱβٿȥ
ڵصߣ˿ݣʲô
ճһﰵֹ
ʿĻ𱬷Ƽǿȴֻ˵Ƥë
ǽ߾棬һѪ̼ӷˣж˿û衣
صʿʦַͣƣһֱڿջѾˣʦĽѩأܻŭĵģѲɣŮʿֳ¶ȥˣ
һˣճв˼顣
ʦôҲĽΪֶڶ࣬ϢǰͷŹĻҪǿһЩʿͣƿѹ֪ˡ
ŷʵƴˣҲġ
ʵΪĹԷͣ첻ʲô˺Ϊѳ̽棬÷Է࿳˼
Ҫˣ
СٻȻ˵
ճͷһۣΪ档
ҲΪԭ˿ƼܣſһжСٻȴʲôΪûУȻҲܲµ׼ȷЩŹˡ
Ů֮츳
ճûȴһЩ뷨
ʱٹˡ
ȥصʿֶ㿴ˣһֻ㾫Ľл𱬷䣬һִС
תͣƵĽᵴǰճͿ֣һݱ罣ݻ٣ǲ
һȻûá
֮ʱֻǰͷһͳ¡
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أ
ƺΪʿΪǳôҲǲ
ÿýͣһ£ܿж硣
ôһʱ䣬ҲֻϷͣƶһûɱƽķ
أ
ͣƼöҪˣͷ亹ֱð
Ƕ󱻴һ֮󣬾ͳٲ֡
ʦطеķɽˮûѧᣬʱʱ١
Ըߵ֣һ취ûˡ
ʦĽѩѱȥмʮ֮ãٲȳ¶ˡ
ô죿ô죿

ͣŭ𣬺죬Լ²ʦҲס
⻹ʲôɽʲô
ˣûҶ㳳ˡ
һڶ𣬷ͣƻ飬뾹ȻԼ󣬶ԼûһӦæͷ
ڵСվһִ׳ֻһʵͬŮŵĳ
ľ
ͣһ𣬼ˣ𵱳ԼԷһն˷ɵ龰ﻹû׶ԷôŮ˭Ϊλ״̬ͼǰһȣ̤ȥ
䡭¡¡
ͬˮһ㣬ǳŷơ
һ̤£ڣ߰˼䷿ݡ
Ѿ󲿷ֱ̳ԵڷڻĴܵѾ٣û˱ҵ
ǸʲôѵҪɱ²ŵǣǶڵزƤë˲οô֪Ƕ׼ɢûá
ͣɫҰܣո뵽һ졣
һ㣬Ѫ
ѿʯ׷ɡ
һԼʮ࣬ˮװĳ汻ڿն׹Ҵܣ鴤ţһɹɽ㴫
Ѫ˻𣬷ļ졣



1203 صӣϣ
˻ѾֳΣճһһġ
һնԺмʶ˶ǧ棬Ѿʮѿˡ
ǰȴǸѿ
ει״ɷ
Ϊƽƽ棬˾ռߣŻ˷Խܡ
һһ󵣬Ҳ׳ΪĶ
Сʱںӱˣ֮ʱճʱҲѧű˵㡣
ʱûǮͻڳһ򾣬նΣڵ֮ϴ
ֶճȳһһģȥֱƤ
ֻͨ򾵹ˣ˾޴ȴͷһؼӾС
ѹж磬ۼ棬ûʲôʺˡô˵ǰĹˣû˵ĸ
֪ԭεˣһ֪ճﻹ֪ô
ⶫ͹ʲôΨǿ˳Ծ
Ǵм俳룬Ҳܹġ
ãͻ塭
ôһ¾ɱġ
ճһҲǰƣгն
ؽХУնѩ⡣
£˺ѿǰ壬һСϸΪ˿ӴжηӶ

һȳŨ̵ճҺͱʴһ޴ӡ
ѪҺͨʯû취סǴ򶴵ĸ֡
ճ΢΢һЦն֮Ƶĳ棬Ѿܡ
֮һ˿׹⣬ʣδ֣мǿѹ֡
ã˵ʦãͣѿھе
ǳƤһƬѱնأȻδͣ֡һƣ»ѳնʮ߰˽ء
֮УѾѶԷԼʦģΪʲôᱻ˵
ûüͣһЦ
İɣһ˵Щ˶Ǳ׽ûгȥ
ճһԭʧϢͳʹôԣһâֱֱ˳ͷ
ؽ֮ʱתһɾ磬ɨǰ
ۣ
һ졣
ƬƬ֮УһƬӰֳɨƮƮֱֱԶ
ͣһתȥͼƬӰԭǰ¶ȥĴԼʦҲС
ﻹųҡҡλεЩվȵ
ףҳˣúڡʦ֣ɱ𣿡
Ůʿб˿ҡ
۾ſڵϳ鴤ľ޴ӣס조ۡһŻ
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Сٻû̫෴Ӧ
ҲΪΪ˱仯ԭ
ɱģ;˵أǡͣɫ죬йԼʦǰл
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Ȼ˼ϸ壬ʱضע⵽Լʦõ档
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ճָָһǡ
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ĽѩΪΪǿ֮ͻָ˹˻εһԡ
ϢȣӦûʲôķһͻѡ
ʱѾһЩҴڸĴ˳һһĻѴ
ճһŴ磬ʸ߻˶ǳ߹ڡµۣȻ򵥣ЩԶԶߵͷлǰš
լʺ񣬾֮Ȼǵţ˶û˵㡣
Ľѩֻǿһۣ̾
ǰһϮ£ǲ书ǿ˵ʮֺ档
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֮ʿÿÿҲɽɱ۹£һҲֻǸ߸ϣͨյһͬܵĴշ
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ǰλľٶȴøС
ӦõģǹףܼȻСľճЦе˵һתֵλ֪Ϊγóָˣ
ĽѩЩȻ˵ⶼңʦҲǱġǰ֪ΪΣ֪ŷͻȻʢȫǶСȻǾͷֳгһЩˣǾǰնɱʼʱͦ׵ģЩڰֻǶӲʲôҪնɱҲס
ڳǱһȴһˣ֪ʲôϻһƤȻԴжԦС˼֮󣬾Ϳʼ˷ˣ׷ӳ˴˴ſɱײֻ
ŮʿԸˬʣҲô⣬ճͲӰ˵һ飬һԼؿڣĵòԱ߷ͣƺһ¾ͼ
ճһ飬ﰵЦ֪λʦֿ϶ڰʦãûˡ
ĽѩһҲûԼʦ͵ʲôֻתͷ޴ʬ壬µĵܹϢĴӽŵ׳֣һʱ͵һ㡭
˵ͻȻʲôֱۿ˿ɫһ졣
ֻԼǺһһ飬úõ˿ۿĨһˡ
΢΢תӣһͣ
һ
ճȵķ֣Ůʿϵ»ָ˹࣬ͷһЩۺҲȫɸɾƤϸ壬ոմԡһԡһ͸µζ



1204 صӣ£
÷
ճŹ⣬ѿ޵
ıµǿߵͣЩСǷͬСɣԼ۽硣
˵һЩСţսҲû̫ã̫ˡ
˵ʱճֻЩĽҲǺѧУϴ䣬ǾĴˡ
ھĽˣ䷨װ椵ϴɱ
Ľѩճ̾һ죬Щ˼ҶʦŸħֶΣѧòãֻһЩõСЩĵá徻䷨ֵһᣬӼЦˡ
ճҡͷЦʦôԲӣͬ飬׷ﱾԭС䷨ȴҲдѧʣħʲôķСˡ
пһ䣬λûȥ԰Сסǿдһ书ͬ
ζǰճоԼѾˡ
ռֿʼ
ʲôѧǼö̲סѾʷˡ
ûĽѩػͣѾŵлˣҸʦô˴ɽΪ˸ϽһλǰţɽվùƼξͲȥ߶ˣ»ϾŰл
ĽѩֵĿʦһۣ΢΢һȴû˵
ճһ㶣ЩʧĵǺãȻλļɽҲǿԵټλȥһ·ء
ֵڽ𻪵ؽ磬ֻҪСһЩȥǹʹɽϵİ׻ʲôΣգ˾ǵؽ磬͵СĹʦ˵նɴȺѾԺȫСУܱܿͱܿɡ
ĽѩˣŮʿмճȥıӰû˵
ͣҲʮָӡ

ʦ֣λһǻ⣬ǺǲΪҪǧ֮أ
һᣬճԶĽѩ˵
ܾδ̫һЩһЩ֣Ӧͼıټʵ̫ǿȴǲ̫ȥ׽
ͣ̾Ϣû¶վճߵʱʱʱ̶̿һֱѹƵĸоԼƺһȡ
ָоʮֲ
ô᣿ҵǾӺܺðʦ֣ǳ𻪱ڿƭΪħĴɱˣûйǣҽҩܴģ־Сһ
ʦãɽǧ֮ңǵһγţǵʦ˵Ļ֪֪治֪ģİˣǿɵö೤һ۲ǡ
ʦ˵ûۺģͣӲˣԼǰĲ
ʦ֮Ҵ޲ߣʱĸоʲôأ춼Ҫˣ
뵽ճǰһ̤£׹ݺᣬлһˣ赭дľͰѳնɼأ˳ɱ꣬ʦó
в࣬˱ɽֹͬʱҲ̲סʡ
ԷǺ׷ͯյߣʮϰĿޣܴﵽ˾磬ʵҲûʲô˵ġ
ȴԼС
ᵹˣ˵ɢ޳û˾ʦʹС
һˣԼΪڴˣЩȥˡ
ֲе˼ͣ飬ͻȻЩɥʦãǻɽɣⷽؽϡǣеġ
УҪҵ֪ʦ֣ŮԻҲġ
ֺǹҹ㣿ǻõδһЩɣδοʼעѪԽ̵šǻȴ̰Ľ䷱֣˽ɽߣٲɽ׷ɽţѾˡ
ͣģߵ
Ҳô࣬ʦֻһʱͿˣͻȥġʦ˵ˣ츳ߣϣʦУѱңԪΪ洫Ҿ˻ķϵҵһҪҵʸ
ĽѩȻһȴʮּᶨ
ԣһᣬƵ̾һʦ֣֪⣬ǡǲͷѰңһ˻ɽȥɣȥҡݴع󷱻ǵһҪȥҪҲѡڴˣʦӦҲõġ
һȥɣͣûκΣֻЭ
ôʦһǧٳʲôһиӦ
˵ʦͻȻһۣĿȫ𾪡
Ϊǰȥ֮ʱ˵Ļ
˾ǵؽ磬͵СĹʦ˵նɴȺѾԺȫСУܱܿͱܿɡ
ڶ
Ȼ֪ǲǻɽǰ˵ֻдʣȸһͨ
ĽѩȥķͷЩ⡣
˼΢֪δ֪ı죬õӦõиúܡ
ʦֵģô۵Ӧ£Ժ;а
̾˿Щʧ䣬ʱҲóֻǵ߰ɣȥǣɫ磬ǽһ̰ɣĸ
˵͵ǰС
ͣԴڨڨЦһ
Զ֮⣬ճ˫΢ţվһᣬʲô
ʦˣԲõλʮֺƮݵĴ־Ȼ͵
֪λƾһ˫ܸż·ǵ˵Ҫ֪ˣ֪᲻Ѫ
ԭˣһ˵㵵飬ԣ֪Ǽˡ
ʦְԼŵĻ׷ɽСʦϲʦ֣Ӻ档ʦ̰ʦãͬС
湷Ѫ
ճҡͷʧЦȻü˵Ĺϵôһӡ
ûϵ
ĽѩᵽġԪ洫ճΪ⡣
Īľ˲֪ϢҪ



1205 ѳ飨ϣ
ճļУʹûнӴԪ֪ⷽʶ
Ҳֻꡣ
Ľ֮ʱΪͻҲֻһ
׳ȴûʲô־Եͻת䣬ȻҲûоʲôѱҡԪĽ׶Ρ
׼ȷ˵һֱǿȴûнĳֿԳΪԪ񡱵Ķ
ô˵Ľѩ˵ӦþԺ·ˡ
ɵˮЩһĵҪЩߣôǵʦǺεΪ
ĪͷǴιʱ򣬲ܿԪᣬΪѩ򣬶ңԻһͷ̽ǵľߣɢԶϢߵԻȻɾԪԻΣˣӦԪ˰ɣ
ճ̣Ͳٶ롣
·ҪһߣҪһڿڳԣԼףͿƼܣδ룬ûдﵽĽѩ˵ĳѱҾ磬ԶҲ޼¡
ʱٿɡ
ɢ޵·ߵһᷢǰ·
һأնȻ󷽲ܿǰ·
ճ֮һֱʦУҲⷽԭ
֪ôȥ̬ƺڤڤ֮УıΪȷġ
ܻת

ճûлȥԼҾ԰ǴСٻֱá
ĽȻãȴһֻĸо
ģʲôҲûˡ
๫Сٻ㣡
ճӰ˹ȫϲ⡣
ȻԼ๫ģⲻ˻ЩģǣλԼüõС㣬׽ȥ˻ܾܲȻ
ճһϢͷЦĽ˽˰ɣԽŽʵսսԽ࣬ٶȾԽ죬һкô
ÿ佱ϲ̵Цת־òʣС˵֪̫ãƺ࡭Сٻȥɡ
һ仰ȴǶСٻ˵ġ
λСŰȹ͸ͬһ״̬ʮֺ棬ȴǿסʣСٻͼԺ
źգѪδƽϢȻǸոյĴսոͣûãʱֿʼСٻˣǸĳ
ճЩ͡
ĺģܻڲ֮䣬˵ġ
СٻǵĮ񣬴ʱҲ˲Ϥޱȵһһľ͵ĴĻҺʬɱ
䣬δأڷлΪƮɢ
ɽŮȥִ˲СɽӡɽͻȪˮڸõ󷨾ֻʣһռӣҲûʲô
ȵѲһЩʬɱɢһˡ
Ժ֮о˫ĿãȻһͷ׷ߡ
ü֮ĺۼԾܹ֪
ǣλ֪ˣֹʮ꣬˵Ѿ׶š
ͻ䣬Ů¿㶡
ִȷһ˿Գܣ鱾Ȼһ;ƿݵļ
ף
СٻһţҲ̲ס޳ǰĳڱ
ճʱСٻϲŶһЩ
µ֮ܲһš
öһֱֵĺ׹һ˿΢ȻһЩ
⻪ת׹лΪĩһ˿Ľ뵽֮С
ͬʱϽһ˿ϸС֮ɫĵ˱仯ðϸ塣
һЩѪɫˡ
֮мйʱֵ磬׹֮е˺Ӧ֮˸һŽӡ
ճһĻֱ̾
ԭµСٻɳɻ֮ŮҺ츳ߣȡ¡
δЩ
ճһֱΪС˵ԣǰԲԺ뵽дġ
룬СٻμˣŮ
ϾûС
񿴵һĻȴˡ
Сٻ츳ʵܹŹ֣ǰȻ˳Ϊʧ⣬վԲ
û˼ӺʵҲǻʮġ
ʣעһ硣
һɹϵ壬һǧһӾͱˡ
ܻΪܡ
ʲôӣҵֻѰ˫޿»Ϊͻƿ
ҲѹֺɽµѰʵŮˣϧɳŮغһԣ쳤վõ
ֻȳɳӭΪ
ʵͼ
ʣȻֲ˼
Ϊ֮֮Ҳʲô¡
ʵϣճСٻʱ֮䣬ȫȥ硣
һΪˣһΪ
ңǣԼĽ׵Ľ֣֪ΪΣü֮󣬾ѿ
һƽСٻ֪ʱڽ֮ת
ճܸоͬ͡ѪиС
ڵĽһС죬ͷСٻڵĽҲ˹ӦԷת
ô£ʲôʱ˸մı£
ճʮɻ
ĽеһЩѪУҲûţճʱþУҲɢܱա
û뵽ĲСٻһͣɾͻĽ׽ӡ
ֳɵУֻҪڼҪ˶ãͻĽ׽
뵽ճСٻĿЩŹ
Ǵ׻ѳ飬ˤͷܼһȹͷ
Լһ



1206 ѳ飨£
ᴵɴȥ˰һ˿ȣʱҹ԰Щ䡣
ճھңȼϺõϣĿ˼ĹŹһ㲨Ÿķ̽ȥ
֮У翣԰ڵһһľԪԡ˼ȫչĵס
ЩӵϢű࣬һʻӰ󣬷塣
е磬ľͱģ
ƺʵ
ۣͬҲͬﾫоƬɨóӰ
һڵƿأһڵķ֣߾粻ͬն
ڶƿ
ʵϣȵҹ˾ʱ򣬷޼ףﷴǵԼж
ԼüһֱӵĴﵽ򾳽磬һֿ
֮ʱһֱţֻûǿ
Σ֮ʱ᲻Ծľѣǧһ֮ʱǰӦ䡣
ָӦճܴİһδȾܲ꼼ܡ
ȵȫΪʵ֮ճͷһƬӯӯˮĹâ̳ɰĶҫķ
Ժÿһ˼ÿһͷԾ˷š
һֵĿȶھҪѿ
ճ֪һʲôĸоֻ֪Դ֮ľûľˮĸоǶһЩϡŹֵͷ
˯еĺ
һЩճƽ޲ĿС
ϾֻʮģĺСȻϲҲֻ˳İţٴһ磬ȴǿСӻ߱Ů̬
ϾЦ֮УԼŮҪˡ
ҹȴǲͬ
ҲΪն˺ܶԭ򣬺˯Щ̫ȣ֡Ҷѱӵŵһ룬¶ѩ׵ۺʹȣֵܼĲ
ӦһĻճﲻ֪ΪΣһ
ھ֮ʱĪ
һԼͷǸոճ֣ڰʵҲйġ
ʱСٻ˹ԼǰСɽӡɻңһɼӴŭ⡣
׷ɽŮһ޿ɶֹɱֱ嶥š
ǲܿƵŭ𣡡
У͸ϼ֣סȥ·ͷȻնɱûôǵºΣҲǵĴֵֵãֻ˭ҵǰ涼նɱ
˼ΥģұһַŴ
ǿıؾ֮·ɣģѱңܿҪһγʱĳƿأĸһ
ճζԼȻ
˼ɢ˳ȥ
ѵʱԺѲҹİҲȥ̸ԣһûһС漸䣬ͿԺǽ°ߴſ˯
ڷСٻ֪ΪΣ
ΪʵԭϾãӴͷһѳŴݵ¹⣬һһʽ
ǰӸ԰֮źѧԽŽ
轣ĶЩ裬ȴһ˿
Ǽᶨڰҹ﷢ĵĹ⡣
ճ̾һ֪ͻ֮Сٻһյӡ
ʱҲǱҲҲԼΪ
˱仯ҲĿ꣬Ҳһ£ֻǣû뵽֪Сٻס԰ҵߣתǲ˼顣
ͷ׷飬ճ̲ס̾Ϣ
Ŵȥһ򵥡
һλƿؽ𻪳ô꣬һ޴ˣֻΪ⣬ϵʵ
֮ø
֪ŮԼ̫ΣգҲ¿λµǰְСٻеճС
ȻֲᣬȴȻȻ
иΣǱƲѣչǷֱ
˵ֱֻΪ˸õۣ⻰û
Ҳֻǲʧȥ
ò˵֪˶ԼŮİȷʵġ
뿪õʱСٻûпޣֻ۵ƺŻȼա
ճ֪ʱٻŮĻѾˣƾľͷԺ߲Ӧ֡

峿ùţճͳ˾԰Ͻͷ
֣һЩЦ
̷ߺţĹ˿ͣ¥ׯƮʳŨ㡣
ֻǹһҹĴɱɱ¼ƺѾЩ˵ļȥ
۷εȱʣŵˣһ㣬ոһյĲš
ֻĳЩˣڲݾ¥С̸һЩأԼ뷨һЩ뷨
֪ŵֿľ书׻õ˶ȵȡ
ȻЩ鲢Ǻܺõ̸ʣҲֻʺ֮䰵ۣҴ˵鷳
СٻɴĸճͣͣҲ˵
Щѧʱʮ飬һ¶ǵĮģճҲʲôá
ߵˣһҲֻǹһᣬߵ°ݼӡ
˵ɣʲô춯
ճûлͷʵ
¥ӪҵﻹŴݸϢΡ
ڣڽ𻪳ڻкܶ࣬˵ǷµµϢ硣
лӨãҲ˳֡
ճϾֻһţҪճڳĶǺܷ㡣
лӨЩУżŰݷû˵ùȥ
ÿ밲̸£Щ̫ʺˡ
ԣֵطóˣճʱ˽Ϣ
ȻǺܽ鱨ǻר͵ȥġ
˵ѹúܵͣ˵ݳ⴫ϢɽһЩĴѾˣиʮ˿ȫӰ෽̽˵Ǵɽ׻˽ҪͷƷ



1207 Իϣ
ߣ
ճɫһӿһɷ꣬νѪڼ䣬ɱӿȣѹǰο֨죬һɭɱ̫ͨˡ
̽Ūϰ׻ʲôţΪʲôҪ°ΪƷ
һ¥дУȲĿȫоһļ£ţҲˡ
ææľܳӣͷɻĿҵꡣ
һŵŵšĲ˺һᣬŸо͸ĵĺʧдݣģһЩֵǱɽαװԷԻλʿٰɴ񣬽ڴ֮Ϊ䣬ȴ°ˡع˼죬ͿԳǺַʵΣ
Ȼػ֮ʱȴ
ճ˵ͷͷЦЦʵʲô֣
ǺľݣʮͨƽܳæСţڳⰵ̽
㲻ˣһ㱨ȥжҪеҵ伮˵˭ղĳ䱾ƱűۻʲôۣҪŪԽԽã
ǣ
æӦ£һ˿졣
Ϊ̽죬֪Ϣȱ˸֪࣬ˣǰλĹʲôĽա
ʱ˶Էۣÿ佱ӣ淢Ȼһ
ճӻ֣ٲ˵ˡ
ûߴţֻת˼תϢ뿪ҵš
ճһƽϢͻķɱ⣬Сٻ۾ЦЦ˵ûʲô飬ֻոͻƣľЩȣһʱӦþͻãȲɣ
š
Сٻɵ豭յǶϸϸţ¶һ˿
ճȻʧЦȴЩȻ
Сѳɹ壬û˼ֻ̻һЩζȴǲƷҲδ̫Ȥ˵㡣
ʲôʱһʺϹ޵ķһزӦþͿԳԶ˰ɣ
뵽һʵź㻹𣿡
ˣСٻһ˿ʹӦԼĸײ֪ʲôʱͱԼʵǾϲɽŮ
Ӳǲϲϰ𣿡
ճ̾˿˵ҲµûǷݺҲ򵥣رʺϹ
룬Сٻףճϸ͵źϰԽŽֻʽɱлķţǸһᴫĽǿŽӣǻһţ׳õģһºҿ
⻰˵ףСٻԴϻۣһ¾Ͷˡ
Ҳܿ˵һЩ塢飬ֻǰӹʲôҲˣȴġ
Ҳڳʲôֻ̬ǵ˵ͷԵׯƽ
һһ䣬ŶصƵ𹦷
жȻ֮ͶһϢӡ
ճӦУһЩǵӨͬɶ˻㣬СٻۼͶȥС
Сٻ԰׵ɫ淺𵭵⣬üͷţƺܡ
ٹһᣬҡ£ҲŲסһͣͣ
ˣ
ճЦʲô֪𣿡
ľ˵念޲֡Сٻָƽ˵ĺѾû̫ನ
ճĥһ£͵Ժҹ»֮ɡȵʲôʱԶˣͿ԰׹رʺ꣬ķˡ
ճûнΪʲôǰϰִСٻҲûʡ
ʵܼ򵥡
һʱһʱƱˣñ䡣
ʱСٻˣ֮ǣͳܲ
껯ͱų⣬ͬһ·ʱ䣬ҲʱΪ塣
ûУõľͲǵ
ǸոյĶճˡ
׹ȻȡؼСٻĹ壬Сһùĵ˱仯
ֻΪĴ̫ǿ㣬ܲˡ
õôͬʱҲùܵˡ
ҹֻ»º͵ӦþͲ¡
һ𲽾Ľױʣ츳ú˷ѣԭеСٻ޽ɱţ껯ҲֻԼӣȴǿϧˡ
һ˲䣬ճ뵽ܶࡣ
Сٻǰ·Լȴֳˡ
ոѰҼƷʱ𵽸Ӧһּ䲻ĸо
ǿƼܡ
Ȼģڤڤ֮Լڽе飬ƫƫֹˡ
ճ豭һڣЩУŲȵ̬Ѳ˼ǿѹ
ͲΪʲôȥܰգ׻𣿡
˵УֻǿˣһЩܼ飬ԱɱС
СٻҲû룬ͻص
ճһ죬Щ
⻰ȷԼ˵ģСļȥѵ鷳˵Ŀο֮ʡ
ʱСٻ˵֪Էʲô˼ҲûУȴһֱӵŭ
˵ڴ򲻹׻ɣ
ţȷǲһù
ʱ˼Ծ鶯̬ȵ¡
ȵ״̬Сһȶҳ֮ΪĶ״̬ɡԿ϶ǣһ£֪׻ã״̬֮£¾ͺçײΣգսҲۿۣȴɹΪá
ѱңôѣ֮Ϊʲôиͷ˷޷ŴЩҸһ֮ʱģ
ճƷŲ裬ϸϸ˼⡣
ҲǰţлӨ׻ȫռҵ伮ԭڡ



1208 Ի£
鱾õʦ鵽ʱ١
磬ճûмϵȻҲͽӴС
ǼҴе伮ҲֻܼһЩۣ֮֮˵ϰˣ
ճʱỳɣΪĳЩ˵Ϊ֮ؼҪȫǿڿഫ֡
˼ˡ
洫һ仰ٴ顣
֪ľ֪֪ģ㷭أҲõĶ
ЩһŰһ仰дǧپı£б¸ȥѧ
ѧĩ
ǾͶˣ
ҪľǱ˿
ѧˣҲͲֵǮô߸ϣ
ڴ֮ʱĽ׺ڣͿͼıգϵϲ㣬ճȻһ
磬ΣǣݵλҲûλֻɵԵ޹ʵĸ˵š
һΣ˼Ҹ˵š
ʱҽֻ֮һңܷҵƿԾ֡
Ҳûб̫ϣֻڸֵУżȻõǰ˵һЩֻƬҰ̸Ȥš
Ͼɹִ˵ģҲй֮ѱƬԡ
Ҳʲô̫õķţۿһҰʷʼҲãоҪϢ
ɽ֮ʯԹֻҪܿɹǰһؾͺá
ճôġ

죬ճû⴫ֲõϢ
ĳĳطжʧ٣йֳûˡ
Щ飬ֻԸлӨȫܰܾȣʵ϶Ը˵оϡ
Լأǹʮе
٣ڱ˿Ǻеġ
ÿԹڻ԰һߣ˼żͤпŻ衣
ʱᾲһᣬȻæҴСС
ȻСԽȻûлķϡ
ʵսɱ֮ѾȻһ͸еĴ
ʵȻ٣ҲһһᶨĽ
ϵƣôĽ
ֻҪôУϰֹ߶·ӽͻþˣƿܱͨġ
ΪĴڣҲŵˣǾԶֹ
ֻҪͻƻһؿʶ߾磬޿ܡ
һ㣬ġ
Դӵ֮СٻҲԵð񵭣ÿվ͸һŮһճתתȥӷҲۡ
ϣסڣһ˾סķڲΪ֪£ϢһǿƤøӨϸ壬ľͶһЩѪɫ
Щ֪ݵˣʵѾվǰĲˣǹ

ⱾߵšҲãȫǿշ̸ۣôֵġ¾Ҫ֮
ճһӷƵĵһԣЩʧҡҡͷ̾һƽϢһ顣
ֺڴĿһż
ķ滭ǶǵղҵӡһµϢ
СĴ鱾жƬ̣üͷԽԽԽԽ졣
鱾Цһⵤ̼꣬ʱǼźôˣ쳤վãҩ˿֮ôһǧѣꣿ
һ飬ճÿĿҩԼþңͿʵɣǴҲˣεˡ
Աһȴ˼ʱȻ
̧ͷͼǰտҲѻ飬ѾȫȻûҵԼĶ
һǻĶԽȼԽ㡣
޲þͰеĹż˺顣
๫Ī๫ĪһЩȱѩβһ顣
ЦеĴ̽ͷ
һβԣ׼õĲˮЦȻԴż۵üǧػ
ճһ㶣˿ӹˮź˵µģȥæɣҽݵҲˣȫɳԵģһǹ⣬Ҳᣬø̫̫֣ҹ߾ǡ
ճ˵õ飬ʢڽ𻪻һ졣
һңҽһ֮ҵ
ҽȻҲ˻ɳտһЩ
һ֮˭óĻʹ˭һȴ֪Ƥ׽ʱʱѰ̫̫˵飬װϣð
ճϴǾܾ֮Ҳģڽͷ䷢һЩõۡ
˵ľһҲ飬ʲôġ
⻰ոմһЩͷ鷳֮¸Ʊǿĵٲκġ
ֻǱһ˼ÿҡ
ǣճȻӹԭľִôܻı˼
˵ҪǾҪҵֻǵһ
ڶȻڽ𻪴ȥʳֻԶ硣
ȴִȷ
ɱ˲ڣԭҲܡ

үãƺм
⴫ܼԽʾ
鷿
ճһ񣬾ǰʧҵĶõĵ飬ڴġ
ϣϢ
лӨƿصİ׻£ռãѾ̽Ľ׾磬ʱͻơ
Ҫǣ˾ܸɣһ˿ǵ
׻ڽ𻪳ŪĹǺܴԭ
һռжȫȨ
ӣ鲻ˣȥǱϸϵչж죬һӲ磬ݽȥˡ
һݣ˲ϴΰݣ˵



1209 ϣ
ţڽ𻪳ǣȻȸǱԸˣ
ճв죬Ȼվӿˡ
˼Ȥ
Ҫ֪лӨʵɲ򵥡
ڴԽ֮ǰ磬Ͻ㲻
ֻҪ룬ΪŮˣһ͵Ͻõ̽նӶӳһְǷЮűʢפǸӳְλ»е
ˣȻûѹ
ͿԿóлӨһ书ʵδرȷ²϶١
֣֮طµ֮öԷĶӡ
书ܳɫԸ֮ҲԼصֶΡ
ˣºܷɽɽţЩ·ϾòڰϢ
ɱնɱôˣûǵң
ճлӨƿŽ𻪳оϾͲʲôʷ
ɽͨǻ֮󣬸ӿԳƵϷƽ˾
֪ŵȫɧǾһİ
ȵ¶μӦҲһɨգоĲ֮ɨҲᱻ׻òµȻ
û뵽ڳ澹Ȼд㡣
ճϢ粨棬ողѹµĹŹ˼ֿʼ
ߣͷǰ·һˣǺηʥ
ճй©һѹ͸оͬһʯѹؿڣϢһͣɫ԰Ȼ˿
оԷһֱĸɽԼɽŵһСʯӡ
ôˣճһı飬ʱһԼŻȻæϢǿѹ²˼
ָֻӰģ˹һ˿ѹȡ
ŸоһЩ̬һЩͬΪηӦ빫
˵ŻʹһִӵճǱȥ
һ԰͵Ц֪Ϊʲô
֮ʱϹֻǳòʵδжô˳
Ҳ
бµˣƽ¶ôǫѷ΢£żָ߰档
𷴿˼ҲΪԷʱչʾԼǿ
ճֻ֪Ҫ£λжͲö֪ˡ
ҲֻǱǿһ㣬Ҳڲ֮䣡
ûбȽϵ˼ͻˣǱʶе̬
£ԮҲֻ߹ʵôŶԷܹ˴¼ġ
СﻳɵӣмӦճбƷѹȣȻԳܡ
ⶫܹŹ֣㲻ƣûеûвͲܵõ
ֻҪĴ㲻ͻˡ
һɽݶԭˡ
ҪôӣҪô𣬾ô򵥡
ǺСٻԼ԰еˣճбɱ⣬Ҳȫоôô
ΪЩ˶ȫĵľЩ壬𲻵ʲôá
ճԡ
ճȥֶһЩġ
֪޷֮ˣҪʵжǿᣬսʤǿУҪʶҪʵҪƿһУսʤԼ
๫һֱ̩ɽĲңϢ纣ԨƿԼÿһȴǲһˣ֪⣿
СٻֳֳϢĴԼƮճ
Ǹˣ˵ž͸ţҲ֪ͨ
Ϊճ˵ˣûзͼıʱԱΪá
ǶӳǶǱֻʮӡ
·˼Ű׻õţ׷׶ܿ
һЩĽɢ˸ں棬뿴֣ճҲȥܡ
ԶԶųǱǽһԺ䣬ݵΪ¡
ԺǰһƬ֣֦ϸСβ䣬ôۡ
ԱһرˮˮԱ߻վźѹѹϰˣȫֱֳԺšȫɫ֣ȴûʲô
ӹűջܿһ˫˫۾Ӵŷ￴
ͨڹţǶ淢Ⱦ£ֺ档
ڽ𻪳ڣܹռľԺ䣬ҪҪʵ
ճֻǿһۣжϳ⻧˼Ӧò򵥡
ǣ⻧˼סһͺܴĵʿǿǰ˵أҲûʲôˣֻһʵͽӷšƽϵʿһЩľܶ˵ľܱаúܺãһϰٽ𣬶ҹӦ󡣡
ܴ󣿡
ճ˵ͷͨľɷ˵в
֮ûΪҡײƭ֮ԭܼ򵥡
лӨκβõˣû汾£ôҲܡ
Ȼǲϵµ͵úܣ˳Ǳϸ֣˸ûҲż˵ľ£֪ʿľأ˳֮Ϊˡ
ˣճŲ΢٣΢΢Ӧһ½յԺţЦƾͨʯͷͲ󷨣Ҳһ֮
ţ治ʲô˶Գƺġ
ûбµĻ󣬺ܻܿᱻ˴ˡ
תͷɨһۣʵǽҵʿпе伮
ճҴҵĸϵʱһżˡ
Ӿ֮УƬʯɵ֮УɬأʵŰ֮
ҪǣӦлӨϢȻʮֽڣϢм͸һǿʢĶ־
һɹɽݺͻ
ȥֻԭشתƺڸʲôƴɱš
лӨֻǱסڸĳЩĪеĶ򶷣ûʲôΣա
ӦǱɱ˼ά͸й٣ΪԼ˵ˣǴߣ򲻻ͣ
ǴϷŪ𣿻չ¶ʵ֪ѶˣճĿ䣬Ųŵ߰˸׻÷εĺӣεԺǽһǡ
֮˴ΣȻӳˡ



1210 £
ճĿһɨֻԷͬ磬ޱ߷
·Լȫһ²ҵصΪǰѰ䣬Ϲʹã¾ţͨ˼Ҳֲʲôĺö˾͸˷רѰһЩĳʿѰҡ
⵹Ǹӡ
ճεİڣǰҲ˼ʿУȴûʲôջ񣬵ȵʿ˵⣬˸Ÿûţǣ͡
ǾǿȻ˴˳ٽȥ˰ɣô£
±Σʿ²öԸбµˣ֪Ϣȴ˵δʶʲô󷨣һԣ˵һʱûгǰȥ빫ӡ
ĺè
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лӨ˼֪ģҲͬѡ
ЩԽˣµľǸ湦գµľƽƽȹ꣬ʲôջûС
һЩûӴȥ̽̽ôҲϸĵġ
ҲԿлӨǿţԼʲôΣա
û뵽ŮҲʮֱ뺷һ氡ߣӾ͸ɣͲ𣿡
ճС
ת룬ҲΪ֪滹ԼеףʲôףҲû̫
лӨ鵹Ҳˣλϸ£Щˡ
Σգ˾ҲʧڣȻúõģûи洳
Ļ򵥡
ĿһֱۣöԷ䤱Цһ˶˿һ㣬ҵҪλǺεȸ֣ȻӶ
ϣһճ䳤Ȼʡ
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Ժڱɫ׹Уȫһɨա
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ճ᳤ʩʩȻ߽ԺӣɹЦ˺α֪ʣͬһǣͲ㲻֪˭
˻֣лӨ˳Ժ䡣
Ů˴ʱųͷˮ٣Ȼ˲
˿ǰ龰֪Լ岻֣һԵľ͵ͷ뿪ü仹Щź
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˵°ԵұЩţû뵽ȴлҪϵ˵ûʲôУơ
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ճɣͶһԹۣԼǰȡ飬͹һ˼ҲѲ²⡣
ѹһԼƣΪɽͨ˵ȳһ
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׻˵򹷻ÿˣʲô˼ͺˡ
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ϵͻȻЦ˵Ǻηͨڶг˼񣬲ȴͱˣ̫ˣƾɽ׷ȻȴҲҪʲôá
Խ˵ԽȻͻȻһָһĹϵһСС̳ͻȻը
һŨīƣճ˹ֻ˳߾ӭһΣΪߵһͭĹһץ˹
𴦣ԺשʯҾ֦۶ϣצͬ׶ĵĺ⡣
СѾԡףһֽǣһ¿
ϵʿ˵ţһ
û˿ģһڻӳؾͻΪɫӰؼӰϢ
ðǾٽһףճЦû
֮û˻Լģϵʿ͸ң֪˭ţ
޺ֲ֣顣
ճһ㡣
ǰ֮ʱ֪ȭҪ׸ν֡
дҲãҲգ˼ȥֻ֣˵档
ϵʿлûʲôɱ֮ʱɱȻҲǲܵġ
޵ǵ޵Ĳơ
ˣճʵҲû֡
ǺһҲųˣȫ
ǱˣҲֲϵʿһһ֣ȴǿ
֪﹥Ϊ𹥣ӰӰ´¿ޱȵĺɫСǾɱ
ͷһԾһȻˮͥԺ
ӯӯˮУǺɫӴһצոץճͷҲܴ
һĹצһڻ
ڣ
ϵʿԳݣճͷһ⣬Ƥݺݵĳ鴤һ£ţͬһ㾪ŭг
һͻ⣬һ׹ⶸȻڽ棬޷ݣԼųĺȥ



1211 ֻ쳾ɣϣ
ٶȼ죬ϵʿĺճڣ綹ɫ׹⣬
һӴѹԺУ˴
ףôɽˣҲֻ״ɣһ˿âԶԶﲻת죬׵ĵزôԣ
֨֨һҽС
ǺɫСһýڣϹתϰš
ñȥû죬ϵ
ССͣƤë䣬ۺɫĴ۾⣬ذš
׸ߵҲǼһǱŻĺһ㣬۵һΪ´Ͼ̳֮ڡ
С죬С죬㲻ҪˣҲˡϵʿ䣬˺һ
ϻˮֱʣС̱ϣ֮Уģᡣ
ԺŴ죬ȫû
ոտ򣬶־ͱˣʲô£
ճֳֳҪʤ׷ÿԭأֻоޱȻ
ʲôѵҪԿҵĽģȻŻ֣ôϵʿеƣ
гâһƵٲƣȥ
ķϯϸ΢һжƿɭɱͷӿ
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ճɫŹˣɱȥԼʲô
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ճо棬ǵõոϼƴ֮ʱ׹⣬û칦ܡ
Ϊɫ֮󣬻ܻȥɵϸϸоС
ЩĶԸԺֹŹûüϸϸԼһѧճʱЩ֪˼ﲻɴΪѡ
ոճֵһɱ⣬Լûɡ
ʵ˵¼޷ǾϵʿѸˣ̽һѣд֡
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ɡṴ̋
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С۵ûһϵʿʩΪરµܿӡ
ճһһ£ЦɣҪ׹ɢȥʵҲ򵥡
Ҳϵͬ⣬ǰͰС˹
һâֻһ񣬾ɢǵ㡣
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ǵ⣬ƺϲϢߺ߼ۺСͷճ˼£źɫ۾͵ۡ
Сһܻȣǳ𣬵ȷϲѹ֮ϵʿ۵ҪҪģǰСŮɡ
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ǱոһۣҲһһôһˡ
ϵʿԦ޷ţҲ֪ôģѴ˶ȣС˳
Σע˺εȸ飬٣һսȷʵ
ϵʿǰԣԼֻɽ׹⣬ĺκεֻС
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ƾȥ磬ǱļܣһˣǴﵽҲӦ൱
ЩֻС£ճ̬ȴ䣬ǰСˣչ¶׺̬ȵģʵϵʿոյһ仰
ࡰءݺ£ȴǲɫ
ȴ֪Լһȴˡ
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СѾ£ճЦеĵݻȥʵ˸ո˵ļԪĪҲй־
ϵԦСȲڵ޳֡⣬ҪԪ࣬Ⱳûָˡ
ϵʿЩįḧСƤëֵЩڼʮǰʦ˵ʱҲûϣǾ׽ֶԽԽãÿܾ꣬ɽȵǰչߴ·˰



1212 ֻ쳾ɣ£
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ճӻ֣ð׻õɢȥȻҵҲͲˡ
лӨʹ˸ɫԭռжҲԸһ䡣
׻õȥСԺձøѺãûǰǽŵĽš
СٻûȥһԶŪµСѵõ¶Ц⡣
ϵʿ߶߶Ļճˡ
λ˵ȷû·ӣϲŭ־⣬ƽ
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ϵʿԭǣǰǾ۹۵֣һЩͽܣ׽ܴðվء
͢ʦЩССɵģھǾûͬɱ
ϵ죬һ²˵۹ӡ
һ·׷ɱɱ˽𻪳ǣŰ׷
ƺѵͬһ򿪻ϻӾղס졣
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ûһֻ̫ǣʦ˵Ķ糱ħ֮ʱͱܾɽټˡһЩ꣬ͻὥɹһأʦҲһԶ߱Ҳδ֪˼ȥ
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ЩɲסֵĵطմȾ
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˷λΪȡˣΪͻͽͷȥݱޡ
οҲݲ֡
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ĪͷߣӰƣ˵ûԪôҲ˵ȥġ
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·ͨǾͻӡ
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ϵһĴȣʮ˷ܣİٹƣϵ˺ôĹŲɼȫпڸˡ
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ʦãôģ
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ôˡ
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ճתͷԺ΢΢һЦתȥ
ճһϮƮȻȥϵţԺֻŷ紵Ҷ˺һᣬžһ̾һĹãǶǴǲЩԲͨˡ
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ȴ΢һֻʵ˳ͷɵϡ
žƺһһֱ΢΢һŮ˳
ϵѵûǲ˵ɻºѹһأգֵҸˡͨ˵£ֲǲģ˼ɣúء
˵ľɱⰵأ־ڱصãĺ
ϻɽĶӶ˵ննµҲ㱻һϻ꣬ôһѽ㵱ҼҰǰ׻ͻʱ򣬾Ѿֻ̤˹ײС
Ů˵ٲԣһţֱܰգʧԶһ仰ղѾˣû׷Ժǻϵɣ类ۣ



1213 ɱϣ
ճϵ˾ͱвͬ
ͤУβ裬Ҳж飬ûֻǺὣϥȻ
һĵţû˵ķ֣״̬๫ʮֲԣûĶţһ񳤽ĥϴɾտտȻԡ
ֻǿȥһֹâ˱
һָо԰˾͸ӱ˵ˡ
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ģһͷȥѹƣôľôȥ
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徲ȻΪ϶ô˵ġ
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һ·ɱΪ
֣νħʵǱĸ뷨ķŴ󣬲ˡ
Ҳ˵ħ֮Ķһĵ汬
뷨ԼϲϲվԼ˼롣
ûҪԣҲûҪˮޡ
ȻˣǾ˳ȻΣұʲôȥһЩء¡ѹ֣屾ҡ
ճʿһۣ붼ʵУʵΪԼġ
ԼһֱޱȣûʲôԵİ࣬Ҳûвɻ׵¡
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ʱ
ӲͷƤǰסճ֣С๫û°ɣôоܿ£Ӷˡ
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֪Լ⣬ͬʱҲ˼š
Щ˼ǿԷεģЩ˼Ǳնϵģ
ܵƿһ
ˮȻ˵ǡ²衱ͨˮˮҲи
ˮĵطǲ԰ռ԰ˣǱ뾭ᣬҲðѰȫǨߡ
Ȩȡˡ
ʱ޿̲ɱħҰİγħ
һħϢ֮УճǾųĮ
νųʵֹ˼ɣͬ˲ýѡ
ʱ޿̲ԼǻǿԼʵԣʱûаգʵڲ涯֡
ǵһȣһȵʵһͿԺɨɽ
Ͽûëڴʱ˿̵ħ˼Ŵ֮£ͻɱԼǡ
ϾֻǿѣǲɿܣԼбҪԻж֮
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һܺԱ˾Ͳ̫ϣ˼Ǳյ˼ǿ
ħӰ֮£ճ᲻İѰմԺ
ȥ룬Ҳȥᣬֻ
Ǽ޵ųˡ
ħһɳ£ʲôǱģȫ
£ĵţϼкηֱҵˣ㲻ΪҲΪ˰ĵƫ׼Ҳ֪
ôʲôǸ˼ά;ݣʲôǲģǾѹ¡ΨһҪģҲģʵֻһ飬Ǿǡɱϴɽ
ɱ⣬ֻʵʺǰ̡
Ҫһˮ赼ķ򣡡
֮ճٲɣлӨʱɽȫѯһһóţɽ
нٶȲ죬ֻǻС
̤ŻĲӵСһһӡ
ϵɱԽԽʢ
ĲһȺѪɫۡ
жȫæܣƺܵš
һ޵Ϣɽֱɽ
ճߵɽʱɽ䶯



1214 ɱ£
ˣˣиɱɽˡ
һֻѻɽŷɽؾһһ͵ͷʮ־ŵؽе壬ɪɪ
ϺڣһͰųƽԵ𣿡
һͷֻǵı׳ļΪߴ壬һ޴ĺڹ
һӣˡһһƱ˳ݺͷԴϣˮѪˮ¡
һ޴ɽĽǵž޴ĻѣʱһЩڿ
һЩϰλڣҵİա
Ůȫһţƺţȴû˸Ҵ
ЩСͣ·ʲôõ顣
ɡһͷ͵ø͡
Ʊͷȴ磬Ȼ˵ͳˣλѰ˽ֻһ·ɽɽϵֵܾȫˣҲûô
ȵȣ˵ʲôʹģǲõһɫıŰ£
׳һСȣҪŭͱֹˡ
һΡΡͷվ߽͵ѻǰϸϸʵϸ˵˵ô
ѻԶ·Ͽһһʮ˵
˵ˣɽ·ϣżǿɱ·ߵ̽ӣȫɱ˸⡣
ֵǣЩͨҰȸȴһҲûɱ
ûˣλɱүǸľˣǰµţ˵Ĳ𣿴Ҳɵġ
ʲôһж£ҪȴأԼȥȰɣţȥı¡
ǰһɽǸһ׽ɽļƷȥ׽һģ¿ڡٺ١
ơݵ³çִ֣ܳһȶΪأɱүӦòСǺϼһôԸ
ߣţɽǵСһʲô£ҲҲ£֪ĻΪǴɽȫثء
ëԲһҡҡλվһǴ󺺹ĳ˶
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ͷ£ɫ˳뿪һһģ֪Щʲô
ԱһŮӿЦ߲ƣ߲çǰȥͷ񲻸ãαװģƽҿԸľˣ֮ðɣ
ô᣿ɽҲˣϷǺ£׽˵жֻʮˣȵɽץһͿ¿ɳɡǴɰٹǴɽҲռɽ´ǣٲù˼ɽˣ񲻿
ͷź룬žƣ˹˵ѵ㲻ȥɽµĻ磬ĵط˵ʱٲ÷ѾȥĴ׽ˣƴ˱ضǡ
ͷ˵ûǰأȻŮӴ˵ûͷװģ
çɽ̽ʵľٶʵϲּ
ǰ˵ǣҲ˵˵ѡ
治ţһɽʲôΣա
ҲȿĽʿΪͳĿ
һͷܣ˵֮˽ǿѪ˸ʵ
ϧ˾ڣƷ׼ˣǼһ츳ʺˡ
ͷ̡һһƣЩڶľİһۣ̾Ϣһ
ҲǿЦôɽͳ죬ȻϢһСɽ֮С˵ʱֵصʿЩʿޱȣһЩ汾죬ǺѶԸģĲǵʿֻǸ
ŮҲЦ˵
̸Цһᣬֺ˼ƣŮͻȻͣʳͷʵ԰çʮִ³һսʱ򣬾ͻȣõضɽҡôʱĵģǳ˰ɣ
ܰɣͺһȻûʲôӣһʵʹﵽͨĺڣǼǿ󡣾ǵ˳֣Ҳܶʱ֮ǵģˡ
ͷЦǺǵ˵
˵ŻͼŮɫʮ־֣ĶŴſڡ
ţ𲻰ûüͷһº͵˵ͷţֻ𣿵ȷǵĽ۷壬ͷҲӲ˵˶ܶʱ£ȴǴţˡ
񾲣ºͿϲ
˵Ѽͣ׺š
ɱȴûаϲĸо
ΪźӰ˹
硭һҵó֮ϱ𣬾Ʋ˴һء
ӰǱģһ˶ţͷһë׵ĹԴ
ȫ˫ĿԲţӦĿ
ǸոջһȾƳֻ
ǳöһʱ䲻Ҳûʲô򶷵ĶѾڷ׶ժ
ŸоϺð֫Щ䡣
Ѿʲô˵ֻǽӲתȥ
𲻶Ļ£ڴſվһˡ
Űɫɫºͣü翵Ŀ̫һɺɫڡ
ſӰ¸ǵŵ˼
ɱɷΪʵ⵽Ƕǿɱ⣿ѹֺƺʹһʱ̶֧Ųס⻯Ϊʵʵ˼֣ǹ˫ĽͣǵסҲΣˡ



1215 ݣϣ
ͷͷһ֮·ͬСɣͷϻë
æоƱһ֪ͼݵϷʧԶӭԴƬ̣
˶ſڣҲ̬ӵģһÿ͵飬Цʮֺá
ֲֶ֪Ц˵
ϧˡ
ճɽѰ鷳ģ׼ȷ˵ǷɱħģΨɱѣͷһ̸ֶֻ
οһɨͿɽһԻһȺգһѺһǡ
ǼƷˣûɱ˸á
ճ΢Ʋһ˿Ц⣺ǣͣǶŲŶ԰ɣҾɱġ
˵⻰ɱⲨһ飬Ӱһѩâɾ룬͵ͷǰ
ۡ
ͷһֽУ嵱һ׾ͱüⳤ
һƬƬ鲼ڽ֮ʱһͱģȴԭһֻ˶ˮţİɫꡣ
귭֮ʱɾβһˢ
ȻУӰһƬɫǰ䣬ݡХ
ЩռһĻɵþг
ͨ˼ֳǾѵЩ׽ֶʱʱĻᱻԵ¡
ǽɤӵӦмѾˡ
޴׺βϺëǰ̡ܴ
תأһһɫ㣬ڶ򼲱
Լûаġ
ͬĶ֣ʹоʮƹβɱб
ԸһεĶֻ֣ܸһС鷳
ֳϺ꣬˼һڡ
Цӭͣٲãģܹһͺá
ǣЩǰǸɱȫá
˼һʲôὣͿûа취ˡ
ֻӡ
ʱӣʱ
ֻҪܶ㵽ߣ裬ӵһˡ
Ϻ֮¶һ˿ЦݣԼӦ졣
ոǵâһʹ̵üġ
ʱоǰһ쫷ͻȻӿ֣¡¡һʹڶȥӳľһĨɫᡣ
úݣ
ϺոյӰǿһͣڰգ
ԶһЦţȵһȥɱС
ճһ̳ܶȫƿġ
Ϻ趯β룬ɢ֪꣬Ϻ֮ǰԶһµŮͱ
˫һͱֻ޴ڶȥͬһĨʹ⡣
ûӭս˼
ңֻƵȸĴȥ֮ʱ˳һ׺ĺ󱳣ðȥ·ס
ǱƵöԷУȻԼˡ
οճ̾Ϊֹ
ָĽ׺۷ʵҾޱȣѹռݴɽ˶꣬ңš
ǰɽһţһֻǴçɫֻӶʹͳ壬ʵȴҲüʹ档
ֻճ̫죬̫ǿûиܵĻᡣ
ָֻˣñҪ
Ỻ֮ƣЦӭ˵ģΣ˸ò
͸ˣ죬һԾͶͬĺ·ԹԵ
ȫǰһЦ̵ĺȾ̸ġ
ʯ֮ͻȻı仯һˣҲӦ
ճԴ֮󣬾Ѿܹϵлȡ
ողǰĽѾֻ
һ̳ͬʱ΢΢һͱǧٽӰӰ֡
굽˽֮ǰоͻΪĩ
Žһգ»һѩâǰն
ռ䶼նĺɫϸ졣
Ϻ˻ֻüһͼҫ۵Ĺâ
ûκζѩâӹͱն롣
ɨõĺӰո¶ͷͱ
ն׺֮ճⲢδֹЪȻ˳ǰͻ
ԭһӰֻԶԶ׷ǷڶĲ档
ٶȿľ
𼸸ᣬͷɳ࣬ڶڵ֮һӶ
ۼǰҫǰɰ׹⣬һϲ
ֻҪӽıչضͰȫˡ
ϰ׺ܿҲܿó
ңڴ֪һʼҲûõġ
ճĳٶ֮пԿû˶Ϻһӵùȥ
ϲϣҡ
УһֻССȸ񣬲֪˶ٷգ˶ǿУȱľʱơ
Σʱͬʲô
ǵİ£Ǳ
ŲʸָһУ˵ľʲôҲǡ
ͷúһ󻶺֪ɽ±׽İڻС
ʲô˼Զ׼
ѾնɱˣϺ꣬ƽգָ㽭ɽģ־ȫȻɲó
һ˫һУǰ塣
ǰ𵴷̵˳
ֻҪ󷨣絶нһԸ˵ܷ֣󷨹Ϳ԰ɱ
ҧгݣֻоۣѪȼգˡ
ȴҷһ㣬жɶ졣
ΪѾӦһɱϢĵԼ



1216 ݣ£
һ㣬ٿһ㣡
ｹУûĳ׷ɣΪͣѾ˼⣬ë
ʹſ磬һͷԽɵĶڡ
ܵƴĺڶʱɵóһ
ǰǰ׻չصڶڣڳ궼ɫ紵
˲߷һ壬ͻࡣ
һڣͻΪΣһҪߣ֮ȫķʯ棬ȴǲ÷ɵġ
һ˽ôߣҲô׷ٵȴʱһ
һǰ嶸ȻڿУһɾİʹϴ
ȻͷͼһӨ׽棬ظ
洦ƣһɼ侲װֱֱӳ
ʲôоƺǸոƿǣĸ֮µİȫů
ţʲôоҲûˡ
ܵ죡׷ϡ
ճγȥϵѪ˿ĮȻһ»ΪĴһٲᡣ
ֻǰ岽һ˿˿Ϊʵʵ硣
ֻȼѪҲҪܽ棬϶Ҳ׷ȥ
ճ΢һǰ˼Ųһ̧͸оѪһ
ԣʾȻ̫ǿļ£Ȼﲢܺߣв֮
ƬĪɱҰ׻չأҲ֪֣ܲܶܳ󷨹Լͺѵֵˡ
ճͷ˿ֻʬ΢΢Щź
һ֪߷ǰ·ͺֱܿɱϰ׻ĸǰٵ
һ룬ճҡҡͷЩѪɷ֮ƶˣô֪˶ˣ˶ôҲܷ·ġӽѳ죬
һɱӿճĿֻоϴһݵ泩оͷӿ֡
⼸ʱ޿̲ҵķ׷˼ʱѾࡣ
Ȼãɱһħ˳»ֱָġ
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ħⶫҰһճŴ˿Ӧһᣬ̤һ

ϼһ죬ѪҺʷˮۿɼĳ˼磬أǰͻ
ء
һХ
ճոأǿʯâһоý֮ƿնХ˺ѷΡ
һըϺһгȻȥ

졣
ǰַһƬϸϸͬ۰ӹǰ
һףովǰһƬӰƮ
ȴԭǸոձɨնԼһƷ˿
ǿ磡
ճԭأǰһƬʯ棬һݡ
ֱоͨͨߣԣǹߣնҲˣ֮⣬ճٽӴȴǲ֪ôӦԡ
ܿÿһϸڣҲס
̧гͷһƣֽ洦ѾСȱڣһ
ոϮʵһ㣬ԶԶľ͸о̹ճýֵȻеķҲ΢
ˣȻоֱ΢΢顣
ʽŪģǰ˶ڴɽ
ճʲô˼Ҳûˣ֪Լʹȥ
֮޷֡
һ־ǿƣһ־ƾ֪ʶ֮Ƴ
ǰǼճһֶǡ
ȻܴȥƻϻıչǾֻˡ
ⶴú¡죬˴ɲ⻢֪
֣Ǿֻһܡ
Ǽһؼʱ򣬲;ϣ⹦һ
ճ֪֣Ͽǰɵġ
ǻ˰ǧģһֻһֻó棬ƻ
Ͼ飬ͬʱҲ߻ǣǲĵ
ʱԷԽǳĬķ˾ͻԽҡ
ǣվ綴ڣѽҲǰֻǿںȵ׻㲻һȫɱˡ
û
ճҲ٣ĽڵĽԶƴַƥ
˵ɽ赲ƾϢɤţɽ¶һ¶Է
ûзӦֻΪûдʹԷġ
ðɣµϣŮأ
ճźɽʯڷ۳𻪳ǰСϻĶӰɣ׻úôƣϧˣͷСϻ²ȴãҵΪǽҪл㰡ϰ׻һöӡ
ճûʲô̸һ٩٩̸һһ
ңңӦһӴϢһգɽҽҪһ
һᣬֳ
ȻסճЩˡ
˿ͷ֮£ĺҪԼĻҪҪ
ԼӱԵϢҲǿѹ
򵥰
ճüͷ΢壬ء
ҾͲˡ
ֺϰ׻Ȼôͷڹ꣬ǾͼͷɣЩҾˣɽϵĴС֣Ҳɱ⡭
һ˵һߣﻹ˵ǿᣬζӦúֻ֮ܲṦ
ƻѪƻ㻹̵ס


1217 ѱңϣ
ɽɽţһò֮£һֻҰ̽ͷ̽Ե³֣ĴţûΣգЩδĳҰ
ֻҲӲ֪ĸ˳ţɽ˼Ȥ
һɽ紵оƮ𵭵㡣
˳ζϸȥܼһϮɫ½ǡ
һЩϵĵʿþƺ«һڹơ
ļһֻëС꣬̽ͷ̽ԵĿķɫʱʱĻĵϵʿͷķ˿ҡ
ϵҲֻḧС˳ëǳ硣
Ĺãˣҵʱˣһ˵ҽʦõ飬Цݵȥǰ֪ʲô⣬ԭҰ
ϵʿЩ̾ü֮Ǹӡ
ƺЩĽҲЩΪȻ
ţţη˲ϵֲû㻹ǲӽ𻪳ǰյİΣҵûôĵϵʿ㾹ȻǸĳ
һֻʵ˳ϳЦ
ȻһЩȴ͸Ȼϵʿϵá
ʵһͶһƬۣУһֻֻϸܵС档
ɽɽһƮԶٿ
ϵһĻʮĽ̾㻹һһųͰͰ͵ĸ˹һַ˲ãܸںĴжɳС棬ۼ죬ɽͨϼһҲǱȲϵġ
ֻˣ޲Ԫ࣬վֻˡĹô䣬ϵʿȴеԺ
⻰˵ҲûĹͬͻĽͨģԶŶֶΣûȥԪ棬ȴûʲô
˼䣬ɽɱ֮𣬽ţɽһԽɤŽ
˶һۣ־棬ճĴ󵨣ͬʱҲǻȻһֱû֡
ϵʿЩȷĲŶһᣬ˵ǻλ̣ѲˣҲãܰɽϵһЩȫɾҲЩ֣ӺöԸһЩ
Ȼô˵ǻǿĵطȴµǿİ׻ͻָɱһЩСûʲôӰ죬ҲµûĻʱ̣󷨿ҪˣԲŲһʱ
ô죬һλɽͨϵͿУŰȥ֣ҲֻռϷ磬ɱͨѾɣԶ߱Įһ£ô
ϵʿɫͷһ۽𻪳ǣ·𿴵˴ƬѪ졣
ϹˣҲǸݽɫȻﻢҲһЩգܲ᲻һɡ
˵ãŽǲã֪ǿĴ֮һ㹥޷ʲô˺ϴʹǰٹرѲѾռڱһУȵɣӾʹˡ
òˣ϶УĴ°Ӱգιµ£ǻ𣿡·ɶЩꡣ
ϵʿĬòŵٿɣͨţӶˣĵס¾Ѱ졣
ʵҲٳȻҲΪܶùϰ׻뵽ãͻặȻɽ
ԼǴӴ뿪𻪣һ
һѵѡ
˵ĳĬʵѾԿóΡ
ǲȻ°Ӱʱɱϴɽˡ
˵ֵǮԼš
޵Ҳã޷ҲãħҲա
֮ˣܵ˵ҪóפϣܸõĻţˡ
ǺʲôĿںţףֻҪ˾˵ıԣݶͣ
ԽΪԽԽηЩ˽ղ֪յĲݸգ࣬Ųᶮľɹ󣬿԰
ֻЩʵȨҩ𵤣û˵λƶգҪȥ
νĳӣЩӵ˿²һŮһٴͶǵ
˵Щɶ̫࣬ʵҲĮ
ֻ˵Ĳβһ׷Ͳһ
ʱף̬Ҳ𽥱仯
ħײаܿȥææøһһСĻᶪǻʲôʲô
һĳôͷΪΪ˸˷Ҳܡ
ֻԼϧ˻Ǿ֮ͣᶯһ֣̫鷳̫Σյ飬Ȼ֮󼪡
ϵĹ˵ĳĬ˼ҲûпԷ˼
ֻǸо˴Ψһİ취ҲֻǶˡ
뵽ɽƺɵЩ
Ǽһɽɱ˻Ķӣɽȥ׼ŭϰ׻һǰգӦò˴ٰɡ
˭֪Сڽ𻪳ڳˣɽͨ˶ȥᣬĵӳܣ
ƽһƣͻ



1218 ѱң£
ճ֪λɽŹĸѾڿߵ⣬ֻڻչض֮ǰٵһᣬûж͵ǰ
һɱѪȳ죬ЩеڿЩŻ£ȫۺϣ˹
Щüͨģæ°ݣڳƶ
ճЦЦ˵ȫɽؼҰɣ˻Ųɽɱòˣһ·شӦò¡
׿˵⻰˷Ů߳ɽһչ⣬ȫ
ճͿһЩ׻ðǾǰͻش֪ͨãؽ԰顣
Щ鶼ǹٸ£ճȻѾڰƿȫǣϣǹٸġ
Ҳų͢һЩùٸ˳棬á
ӣܲѾ鵽˴ɽͳɽˣʱȥؾˡ
ģ
ճһͼжȥ
εĴɽɱɽɽһ˵ȻæԷ˰׻úͲӪ
лӨǱģסɽķ׷ɱ©֮㡣
УԼһ·ֱӻϻ֡
·ǴΧֱɽҪС
ԼܷӦʱ򣬱ЩСҰ䣬˺ա
һֱŲȫûƢͺˡ
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ң⻢Ҳһݵļһ֮ԲɽǻʲôĳΪɽԼһЩɢǣơ
ʵͱȽ
ԵԣԼ򲻹ԱӦûġ
ţЩӾ͸ɽڿˣǽλսҲҪúõһۻ롣
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׻жʱķӦʮǿ󣬻˵ķܶԸ˽𻪳ǵˣԲŻһֱš
ʱԽƽʱԽԶԸ
ճҲЩΣӦһַѹʮ
мڴˣճٳһ¡
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ͷһ֧ǣ϶˼˿ڣһܣһš
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ճһЦˣ֪Ǵɽͳеİɽˡ
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Ҳ𻰣һ͵ɽǰһȭ޳
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˷綴֮ǰճѣһƣ
׺ݵֶ֮£ͷҲʲôӲͷҲŽɽֶԸˣû̫Ŀֻͷǰ·
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ʮಽδ֣ճһϲ粽ϡ
ֻһëֱʾһ㵹
ء𣬷綴֮
һɫâճǰпһϸϸĿӡ
ȥͼڵѾгһ⡣
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ճĶͷһ¾޼ƿʩˣϰ׻ԼҲǺ飬ԼҪǿŶûС
벻ᶴΣȻȥǾֻܵȴ
ɽɽתһȦûӰкһЩְɱسڡ
һεżͷĽ۷ģʳ󲹣Ҳ˷ѡ
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ʢ͹ճľͻ˷
ϥ£ϵһ˿˿һƮ⡣
תѪԼľǿʢ࣬β׹˸һ˿˿ļǿ˼֡
Щ޵ľü
Ѫ㣬ڵĽһĹ׳ţĽ׺ڳ̡
ãʵõʽֿ졭ϧ˵ȼޣҲÿ춼ܳԵõġ
ճ黶ͬʱЩź
ҩпҩһͬȼʳԵöˣҲʧȥá
־Ѿ֮ȱٵһ
˻һЩǽ٣Ѿû̫á
Ҳ⡣
ǣţҪǿԶԷ⣬ȻҲ𲻵̫ˡ
ǶлӨ˵ô󣬻а׻õЩڣһδ֮ʵǡ
ңֻа׻Ѫ⣬ͻԽչˡ
ϰ׻ճЩΡ
ˣԼɱ֮ʱƴһѣ˵ܴﵽѱңԪͻơ
û뵽ԷȻʮϼ޻ı󶯣ԸѱҪϡ
ͲŪˡ
ȵϰ׻صʱ򣬿϶һս
ҵʵøǿһűա
ɽɽһЩֿţֻҪֻɽͻᷢźţҲ¶Է͵ϮӦ
ħȻ˲٣ȴһЩ࣬׳š
Ӳźá
ճͷһͷһЩ︡֡
˺ǵһЩ飬Ҳ˻ɽͳ
һΣûȥѹƣֻǾĸԼ
Ųŵһɲ㡣
๫˰ɣЩɣȻҵ˷Ͳ½ˡ
ĿϣƫͷҪγˮ
ճɱ˴ɽȺƵϰ׻ĳݼֱβסֻ۾ðۺɫˡ
Сڴɽ󣬶صģ˭ЩİԵ׺ݺǿһȽϣȻ֡
ճͣͷ̾񣬲òڱչ޷ٴγ϶ȫħþһҲû̫տԶԸ
Ժһֱʵʵ˵ڡ
ִճԼԴĴ֣һۣҵС
ͷ룬˫ʣ๫˵ķħ𣿡
ҲҲǣЩõǵÿţһЩӰ첻ɡճڴ
𣿡
ô᣿ճȻʧЦžסˡ
ֻǰĺʹͷһ㣬ֱ쵽ӴֻСȴǽ⿪ۣѩ׵ļҫۡ
๫Ѿʮˣѹ˼֮꣬˵ˡ


1219 Ļԭϣ
ճһȥһ
ոѹסԭħͬҰȼ
һͷȴǰǰȺֲǴɷɫ
յһĻĻ龰ͷӹ
˷磬ʹ֮ʱ׾ѣůůԼ
ûʳʱҲ֪ɽ֮ûȻɽޣΪ˴ʳԼӪ
̨ʱŽĸ
֪ţλǿСŮܲ˵ὣɱ
£ճ۳Ϊһʻӳǰһڵƹ·Ө塣
ճѵİ߰θߣͿһ˫۾
紺ˮžĽһֳԺͷɶ˻һľȻ
ǸԸһдӴҵľ
ִ֣֮ϡ
˭˵⻹һûСŮճҲš
һŮˣ۴Ѿ׼ĳŮˡ
Լˣ˵Сӡ
ħȼ㣬ճٲѹƣҲѹơ
ǰɱϴɽļɱ⣬һ̵˼ȻȻľһɣǾǡϧǰˡ
˫֣ǰ޹ǵ壬Цҹʱȷ͸ˣǸˡ
һӣڼյͬʱϨУһĪڷе
ůĴ紵봰Ļ˳
齶ȥճ۾ںڰԣеһжӳ˺֡
Уûߣʵûȫ
֮ϨΪ˵ŮͷһζǵСЩ
ڰĻӦúһЩ̫֡
ͷؿڣܵԼķ֮ϣСĶʵ๫ϧ

ǡɸŮͬͬͬ־֪ů֪֪
ڵ𽵹ϲ
ճϯ֮ǰԺŴ˴ںžơ⣬ʱʱľб͸ǡ
ȻЩ˵ĶʮֿţȴǺܴ󣬴ʱ򾭹һ롣
߷ĵ𾴱ˣ˿
Ǿ㲻֪ⳡʲô¶ǵľ⣬Ҳе塣
ڵĴҴš
ĺֹޣܸܵƽﾭҪĽʱǳһ㡣
ۼžͻһĹؿƿ
Ѫƣ鵤ҩϧѾԳˣˡ
һȻ̾ϢҴҵԺ˸񣬾͸뿪
ûȥˡ
ԽΪܼңһֱæµȵпˣųһ
ȴû֣һӰӴ߹ĵ߳Ժš
СٻͷߣһѾŮʽСɫϲƱ
ԺȻʲô£Ǳˡ
ǱԺдȾƵţܲ˸ڵŮࡣ
Ϊ壬СٻҲоЩȣϷա
»ڷھ˴ӣҲס
ִš
ûɵģоͷ΢΢һЩ⣬ƺӽЩʲô
ҹĽͷż·Щ̾
ʱòã𻪳ȴࡣ
αʣȻδʲô仯ЩڵȴѾĵ˱仯
ǽʱ䣬ʱʱĿ°ӰյĴţ˵ϢǵվЩ̿֡
ڵĸãʱӦúɡ
룬Ҫȥ
Щʱûȥﵽˣ
תһֿڣԱǿСٻͣ˽Ų
ϴξҲҹʱԼߵúġ
СԼ֣ͷǰ·
СȻͺСС䣬ݣ˵ҪʱػС㣬Ը̤뽭Ĵǿɱͷ
ţСǱ֪ģ˵Ǵӱ߶
·Ͼͱɽüĵܱܵһץˤױɽ֣𻪡
ȵ׶֮ѡѾˣü۾£ѡˡ
һ꣬Сꡣ
ԣС̳˵˵ġ
ܹСһ𳤴󣬻ܸܿѧ䡣
ԺҪһ£ҪɱǿȰˮ֮С
ǣ죬С̸ܿ˱ʵһں͵ȥԺת֮ȫΪ
뵽С̣СٻɵñЩͬĸһչԼ̡ܿ
о˫ЩᣬȥȴûˮֻһĨ̴ǰƮ
ҲѲˡ
վ£ͷзһ˿â
̧ͷһ࣬һȻһ֮С
˽н棬˵С̣֪㵽ǲѾͶ̥ת˵ĶԣǶ˻ǶǸġ
һ飬ԼԼԭسһӰѾһ̰ӳȥ
˵ǻħмħ¶ȥá
ܵԼӹ΢磬СٻϢľʹˮϸ΢



1220 Ļԭ£
ſڴͷһӰֻü̧Ұ׵ûʲôˣͱһüġ
룬ǵӰ֮Уͬ̽һõˮ֮Уֻ۵һ졣
ǵӰѾһ磬ʧԭء
ǵһЩâžҪû
СٻһͻȻſС죬ľĺ»һ㣬һ
ת˸糤߰Ͷȥ
΢΢⣬Ĺһ£͸оӽʵһЩ
ֱۣЩ㯣ת۾ʰ
һ۴λԲİˣȴ΢΢С
Ǿ𣿡
Сٻζһ¸о廯̣ӡ
ĿĹˣһסгƮ𣬼ٶȥ
ֿ
·;УһԺǽ˳ϿһŮˡ
Ůţס졣
ճﰵƿ˽𻪳ǵľƣҲֻǴģʵһЩصĽ䣬һЩôҲ˼ġ
ǰЩ¼ÿһ춼з˭Ҳᵱʲô¡
ﻹѭ浸صʵˣ˵˼һ䣬ͻ޶Ķˡ
ЩҾƶʳİգܲµĲΣҲֻһѡ
ģ
һջ
лӨֻǹŰ׻õһЩ߲㣬ල²ڻա
ܲסײţëĻ˭֪ʲôʱʲôֵ顣
ҲȻʱ͢Ŵյ˾ͻܶࡣ
𻪸þα֮Ѿѹ𻪡
ǰĸǿʢ֮ʱһЩң֪ʵҲǹܲġ
οһЩ׳־йʡ
׻ñϾǰڷûô˳ٸġ
ңΪʱæӦɽڵ飬ԳڰյļܸǿɵúܣǣͶһЩ˼ܵˣʱʱĳ¡
ŲˣҲŲˡ
Щ˽ûĵײգ𻪵񣬸ûʲôµġ
ʲô֡
ӣؾˡ
ҹ°Ůˣ֪ʲôԭ
ʲôԭСٻ׼ȥʡ
ΪԼѲһ¶Ĵҹ㣬һִеĽŮ
С̣ôأ
΢΢Ĳͷ룬Цˡ
һһĨ»֮»ӳһƬȺ졣
ӱ˼硱һԵڵأѱпһӡ
Ų﷢ʹ̧ͷ뿴˭͵Ϯ
ȴֻһĨӰǰһΣԶȥ
ڼϵŮˤڵϣоסĴֲѾʧȥ
վͷһͿ͵ڵأŵһѪζ
ŵüһ˫ЩžԺܡ
ԺҲŻ
Сٻͷ΢΢һЦĮԶȴͣ
𻪳ǵҹȻ˶Ķ׹ȵ죬Щֻͷ˰ɡ
¹£ǵӰֽһ񷿡

峿΢΢ʱճ۾
˯㣬һֻצһſϡ
˯У᲻İСԴһһ
ģСǻſˮ
ѹ֣ոջоؿڻЩʪ⡭˵С˯̫ͻˮû뵽ҲëȻС𣿡
Ļƣճ̲סЦ
СҲСսһҲ
ֱڵĸ죬˲ͣ
ճֻ˯һʱ˹ѵõů
ÿʱʱ䣬ѾΪϰߡ
ǰһǲǺۣǲ˯Ӱϰߡ
İѺֽŰῪ˿Ǻá
ȻʺǿܺճǲΪѾͷһֵֺ˼
վ˳ȥ
峿ĺԺʮ־ף΢΢ĳһ¶Ĺԡ
ʵͬˮϴһ㡣
̧ͷԶɽƮ㡭
õļڣ
Ȼ͵һ裬һ£ЯӲ£ң䡣
ǲõ
ϧѧˮˡ
ѧˣͬˡ
ֻҪ쳾䣬˵ɱԼǰ
˲С
ֹһգǰϻҧгŴ󷨣֪ڵˣжɽ
ͷճͻȻķ֣Լʮƽ
ƺûһĴУûһ֪ʤĶս
ǰ뷨뵽ڵĸè׻èһƽ
ﲻڻ
磬¡
ճһϲһЦݡ
Ҳ˲ٻϲˮϥ񾲹ۡ
ʶһƬգңңҫں֮ϣһƬ۰ϸչƽ
ǰЩĴӿ龰ʧ
ֻƬ嫺˵ˣһۿȥĿ


1221 ͻƣϣ
ʻ֪ʱǴһȦٱһĶɢԺظ
ͬһӳķһС
һȦȦԪź΢΢Ķķ졣
ָо籾һ㣬ԪԼֽţ΢Ϳɲٿ磬Ҫʹ
ղͬǣһ΢΢ģ
ǱøˣǸˡ
ͬԼԭסһңδɨķ䣬Ǵϸϸ
ֻǿһ۾ӿͷ
ǿ󣬲ǿ
˯ǰ˷ͷʧ
ûɱ⣬û·ָֻƽͳ嵭
ԣӦòƽͳ嵭ǿһУ徲Ȼ
ʱϴ֪꣬ұԣԴһ
ǰЩЩħȫѾɢ
һָж㣬ﷺ
Ƕɹյһ𣿲˵еΪһɽʮ꣬öɹ
֪Լһ·ܽ⣬ұŤʲôߣӼ͸ˡ
ճ뵽ﰵЦ
Ȼǻǰҹ¡
ǷԼı仯
̣Ʈǿ
ȴǲͬ
ʶ;һſͷˮ֮УسظͬһӨ͸ı顣
ÿһűжӳһƬΡ
ִȥƬƽȻһƽ档
ϸϸȥŻ֣ᷢⲢˮͷɡ
ͳˮ£ɼһ۹
ģֻһƬƬ⡣
飬⡣
ճһʶˮ֮ϾͶһӰӣͶӰ
ʱԼѾԳٿԼʶ
һӣ̽ȥǰͱɫ
һխСĶңڿռСΰʼһš
ƤɳûŲǰ氫Ϸһ̨ϾɵʮĴ紴άʵ硣
ӺźשβһС䣬һˮ
ԷһŴ󴲣һСм仹ŪһСС鼮һСŮдҵ
ŮԼ˾ͣ첲ݵǶѿˣ԰׵ƤܿϸϸȻ岻̫á
ддţŮһˤڵء
ոŽʮһк󾪣һӣ˹ȥæǰȥСŮеС飡
СŮûзӦкͷð亹ҧҧСŮͳȥ
þԶˣһĿʱıˣʱѹȫˣͬ֡Ⲣʵ
ճͷ̾Ϣһˣſ飬ÿһ鶼Լһ䡣
ǼһЩ̹ĵ飬ļ䶼±ʻ
һĻճؼҵĵʮ꣬ǸոУѧϰɼܲ
òȥ֮󣬾СΪ
Ϊһֱвճ͵չõΣôȥҽԺҩ
ǶʱæµܻҰϿʲô⡣
˳꣬˸һʱ򣬼ҲԲˣǣճ׺ѧ򹤡
ǰƮϸϸζ̬Լÿһθжÿһֳɳ
ȭӺ꣬ھǸƴɱ
ݽ裬ڴƱ򡭡
󣬾Ǻϵκ죬۽ǵΣ
ɺ쳾Ĳ䣬Ҿң಻ҡ
ͬ˻һͷһһӹ
ճԭأ˫Ŀգ̨紦һĶһƶ䣬ᰣϲ졣
һɨܣɨԺ䣬ֱϽֵ
Ҷҡţ紵԰֮ھͶһ׽͸
һĸɨԺڳңΪæ̫Щֻۣɨһͷ󺹣һϵĺˮʧȻֱϷʡ
˶٣ԼСֹףôʹˣȫ
ǰԺ䳡ϣԺŵ磬еͻȻƿյŵһȫͣб˳ȥ
һԺֿ˿˼Σ;бƽɣһХС
糱벻׵һЩѧʽװףɵĵ
߼Թ֮ҲǴϲǵ紵ĺԺһۣȫȻ
òˣնޱߣеĹ¶ǹ£ֻҪǺ£žͺá
ճȻվſ˫ۣҪӵƬأͷһתһţԼԼԸоʻҪΪһ壬ȴԾɸԿýޡ
һ仨Զת
һ仨ƺأͬɽ
һ仨Ͼޡ
֮Ҳų⣬ԭһ壬ǿԷֿ
ճͽȻɫ죬ɫǵأ׵ľԼıꡣ
۶ɣƿ⣬ʼ
һ壬лɹӣźһԪ񣬴ʱδ
Ҫ֣ǲԲ
˵Ļңճľԭʵıңһ̤Ԫ֮ʡ
żϽĻΪģ塣ǲܵڡ
ô˵ԼҪԪȴܵ£Ҫ׳Ҳǰ꣬ܽԪࡣ
ѹ磬Ҫﵽ򣬶Ҫǿ׳ǣԭô¡


1222 ͻƣ£
ճһתһӰӶԾ΢΢չ۲ɼٶȷɳԺ䣬Ƴһܡ
磬ףٿ֮䣬ӰֻصԺ䣬Ķû塣
񣬻׼ȷ˵꣬껯Σв
ͻ֮ճϣ֮˿أΨˮĳ죬ƺʱ˿п޵Ķ
Ӧ÷գķ
֪Ǵ
һ޿״谭һȴЩĸо
ڸ伮ϣʵ˵ı󣬵˵ֻԲеһ׷ľֶҪץֶҪӲ
޵󣬾ر꣬ҲǰһԣҲ˵˶
ɵʲô
Ƿ֮Ǹλɽ硣
ںĿҪﵽ񻰴˵СԪ顱ĵزÿһÿһӡһʱȫɣҲͲҪ˰ɡ
ճ룬־磬Ժȫûи
ֻ˵ܹٿ֮ųƵɣΪ顣
زҲԶԶûдﵽΣɢȫĲΡ
ǰΪܹճϣĴУ񾳽磬ʵ˵Ϊǵ˵ξ磬˵ȻδԪ񣬲ûлͻơ
ֻǻתΪԪһɽ׶ΣһԪ껯ٽ֮ⷨ࣬·
ָ߼׶ΣӦ죬һٳǣɽϺӣҵ꣬ȴû̫๥ЩҪ״̬¹ǿ֣ܲٿط
뵽ճ˿Լеһѵķҡҡͷ
ʵһ־ѾһУԪ񣬾Ѿ̤˳֮·ڶҲ˵Գˡ
׽Ԫ࣬죬ѷףɳɢɣж֮ɳƵɣҲǳ
ʱ俴һЩ伮ճԼĽ׶Ρ
ȶ׳ΣδɾԪ
Ԫ࣬ǾжΡ
׺ڣֻƬ̫
ֻ֪Ԫɣ
Щ˻ἯЩ˻ıЩȥض죬û˭ڼ޵ġ
лŲΪ֪İء
ճʱ벻ףҲᡣ
ЩȵһȻˣνȥ롣
գ屾ң״̬̾ͻƣͷȻȻľԪ֮
ЩʱʿȻȻԼһߣԣ˯һֱܡ
ȻҲų˸ǰ·ããԵ
Ǿʧ˱ң걻ܷͬǰ·
ճǰʱϵͨϵˣ֪ٽһϴ꣬޳Ԫ࣬һǾȥ֪׶Ѿˡ
ڹ츳Լй
ϰ׻мǧ꣬ôȥˣȴȻû޳Ԫࡣ
ֻһĶ辶ʲôƣսѾͣǰ
϶ǲ֪ԪľκǣҲǰ·ûʲôָͻƣҲֻˡ
ԭϣǶ׳Σսиߵͣͬ
ĪԶͷȲ̫ϡ
뵽Īңճĺ΢΢һĵԭЩСĪͷ
ǼһܹһԽλ棬߳ΪսֶξЩĪ⡣
عʱ仹磬ճȴЩȣĻϲá
ͻһһѹأԼĸĿڡ
һĵɢȥճףεջȻĽȴҲ
ֻǵнܿԶǰ·ܸԼ٣Խİ׻һսû̫
ʱףͷµûĻ϶ԼƾԽģǲȻɽټһɣҲڷռݴɽ
˳նħ˭Ըȥ
˵ͼ͵˵۹һ£ҲǺкôġ
ɽɽھˮˮȥǻΨһԭֻǻ˼ɣ˭Ҳκβ˭
˷˵ͨΪЩ׻û˸Ҷɽռݰڡ
ճͨϵƴ֣Ȼ֪Էʵ
ಫϵʿӦòԼĶ֣Ҫˣɽһͨˣһǿš
ɵϵ׷Ϊһţû֡
ǵлսΪһţֻͨ
֣ճԼһռϷ硣
ôȻһܴùɽԸȻҲǲɵġ
οͷϻϰУѹЩˡ
ճڼǰֵУƺ⻢ɽ
ʵϣһֱңϣս֮Уɱʱ򣬶ɹħһأʵӶõת
Ҳû䣬ͨҪͻҪʲô
ʵϣȻûӭеսȷɹһأȻڴ϶ɹЩЦԷǡ
оȻ˽ʵͱõߡ
ˮɵ顣
ڹۼͼԭʶ֮ôҲĶѾֳ
һʺʶϿ֣赭
ƺڣڣҲ᲻ĺԹȥΪˡ
üš
ճȴףʵΪԼǰ粻ǰôҲ޷á
ĪҪȡĶѪеһԡ
ĪԶͨ׺ڡԪԲĽݾ
ճҲżãǾ̳ĽֱףʱĿͨ
ңմȾԣܼԪٶȣĸأһսԪ
Ȼʵ磬Խȫһ˿ԣЩ
Ҫܳʱ䣬ֻǳãƷףȴǲѡ



1223 죨ϣ
֮Ƿƽ͵ʱ
ԭʱΣĴǡ
еĹũߡʳеķҩ
һ󲿷׳Ʋӵʱ򣬿ܷлһ̹ҵһڳԵġ
յĽԴһţûмٽǵĿ̺ʹֻܼŴСڶųǡ
ĴһֻֿϢ
ǰҹһС꣬·ԵҰҰ沼ˮ飬Եø½ޡ
һƿ̧ͷ죬ճůڣͷܸŵʮҶųһ
ңɽ룬ת죬㣬ܵ飬ʱָϵֽҰ̫Σˡɽ·ȻߣôһЩȵʡǣд͡
ǣү
ŵʮ׳ϲЦտΪ׵ĺڴЦүӢۼžҪͷʵԽ뿪Խáѹ϶ʱ䣬Ҿ;óʮֲѹ֣˴ԭֻװ
˵ȼ֮ƵģүõΣЩ˻ڹء
һòϵ΢һֹסڴ󺺵Դޡ
֨֨¸µУɫµһشɽ˹ү˸ѹСһЩŭľԽᣬ²ƺ飬ǻ֪Ѿɱϴɽƣնô˵ϴоŻ֮Ҳܿġ
ܼ˵ǰ׻·ʽ䣬˵ѾһߣǰԷͷ˼Ů˸ľϵãγζԶˡ
Ǵ󺺽ӻüɫ˵ĭɡ
΢ֹܼɫһףȵݵú
ŵĻͷȥԼ⳵һģҲһЩǣûмŰ׻ñ־ԵĻͷװһոճǣûΣգ׻ƾ޴ƿسڸиҵԿɵСһ㣬¶ˡ
ǣһ·ֱݣǶ۽𻪵ˣ᲻ǣҲǵ¡
ΨΨŵŵ
ܼǸԱߵˣ˵ʱүߵ
ôЩݣҲλߣܵСҡ
Է˵ĻЩҲֻš
ܼһ˻ֱۣʾҼǰһ߼УһС˵ͷܱдҪиˡ˭Ҳ֪ǻʱɽɽʿѾڳУͷ׻ʱǣʱ϶ʬɽѪ
ǰλͬʱ֣ſסǻЩ˾㶼ڣô󷨣ʵô𻪶׶༪ٰ
ľڴ󺺻ͷһۣҡͷ̾ϢϧСҺ죬Ϻڻ׼һӳζӡΣ˲費˼밡
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ģǵʺ۲ɲٶ΢΢˼֣ճֻоôһЩͷƤһ㣬ͻأ
ָоƺǱý׳һЩ
ңЩâ䣬һ첻׽Լʶ֮Уʶ֮ɢ
ףӰ꣬ӰҲµùȻû˿ֻҪȫλ
ʱ֮ȴƷʣܷҷӣɢ
ȫʲôֶζ˳ڷʮ֮һԣʱȻ˷֮ϡ
ʱҪ߼սԺõɾͼѡ
Ҫ֪ԸƽһԽǵ˺ߣԽǽԽ
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ͬʱгǵĵϹâһֱļУĵ׷
ԶԶһߵĺȵķ֣԰ͻȻˡ
֦ҶѹõͷձúڳģոЩҫ۵⣬Ҳ



1224 죨£
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һŪݣϱˮһ͸ʣֱֹ
ǲҪˣԣԶֵȻãա
԰һ˶쾰ɫʮ־ȣЩ˼Ϊֻŵա
źڳһƬƶ䣬ֻͷһƬ죬ʮѹ֡
һͷԲ̫ѣʵǲүŭլʲôɾ

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ԶѲߵĻԺ⻰ҲҰס
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ԭȻҵʵǺǿġ
һҪԭǾҶЩ˼á
ƽдʱķʳ
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Ѫɫ֣ͷڡ硱һըܾ;һɾ磬תţɢķ
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ڸԶΪӹһֳ˶ġ˻˻ˣ纣㼱
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ȻһСŵϴ󣺡Ԫ˿پۼƣ²ǰѷԲʮ֮ڵԪȫȡˡ
֮ȷΪɰӿԺһļΪʸоԲ֮ҹǵԡ
ʱҪǿʢʮٱ
תмеŷš
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ӣԪһˢȫ
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âɢʲôˣ
Ӧȡ˽һε֮ϣʲôʲźá
ո룬͸оһ飬һļ¸ͻȻ֡
æ̧ͷȥͼպƴͻȻһһѩâϢĳ֣ոճ־ĿֱָͤмİɫӰ

ͫͻȻ뱼ȥȴ֫ȫá
ʱһֱķصԪӿ
ľ۾Ѿģˡ
ʹŴ˫ȥ¼ʲôõ
ȴһЦºܡ
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ͷһԾһԺ֮еǶƼӿ£һ紵ʧ١
ɢȥԺİҲƮɢ


1225 ϣ
ճɫϲһۣͷԼڽѾģ
˵ǰĽֻһȴͬɫҺ壬ʣ͸ޱȵϢ
ոյǣ䣬ת֮£ǿưԵķԪ
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ҷӦ죬ԪϢó׹⣬׷˱仯⵹֮ϲˡ
׹ı仯֮Уһз
ջȴΪҺ֮оԼϢת֮䣬һ̺նɽϺӵĴ
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˵ĻǿĸȾģɫţֳ˿˿ɫ˴͸һɺ
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¡¡УһӺԺ˳
âһУͻĹ켣ˮһ㣬ȺһӶǳ۾һֱֱţĺ󱳡
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һǱ׳Ҫ䣬һѳסͷȻڽ𻪣ʲôʲôҲֻ߹Ҹݣ£Աһ֮ѧű£ˡ
ǣͳ˵öԡ
߲Ӧǣ˷ţʱ֪Է壬ѱɱҲûʲôµˡ

԰Уճ˵ͷЦӲͻܳûģΪڻͳ죬ȷ˷ġ
о仰û˵Ӵѹ˵ľٶҲˣ͵ϸ緢
ͿԼһ֮ղôеĽֶΡ
ȴһѽס˳˼빤ġ
ٶȻȻ˶ûߣֻǶԼҹ޳羴
ǰȻҲֲܿնɱĽ˵Щʲôأ
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ĽȻѾ׽վ磬ǿ౶
˵һͨͨʲôֶζõóġ
˵ķϲõ⣬˵ԼþͿյģĻЩɿÿ鶹ˡ
˵ϼҲΪԵɺϵĵõһؼɽʹ˶꣬Ҳˡ
պ˶նӲƴɽԪնɱ֮ʱʵԶ
ԿóλԺһЩʵͻͽһ죬ֻǧ򽣡
ӿʼһ磬ޣݺ£ɱնħǽΪü


1226 £
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Сٻƺ뵽ʲôȻĿһԣֱճĿ⡣
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СٻȻӦ
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Ǻܸߵȼһ޷ķʽԼϡ
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ܰЩȫͬգֻӭһδĽ

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ΪճһֱҲôţܼԽһԵȴǿǰԺ顣
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ЦǣżٸԼŭţָԼԵ޹ʵŭûɽѰ
ڸԶ߲ĵطиԹԼɡ



1227 ׹ҫϣ
ճԸεĶԣаգ߳ϵˣԼԹԡ
ֻһΣܾܿͻľԼҾ԰
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ֻ֪ճϴɽƻǰɱ˻ӣĹȫȻ֪
Թ֮ƹĶˣΨһƽⷽʵûʲôرĵطҲͬ
ĸԴʵΪ𻪰ղճܹסøĻסĺͻأǣᱻѪ
ճ취ȻԹԹʵü˷ɢ˶ദͬ˵Լǿġ
ȻԴޣ˲֪
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ãԳѱ֮Ҳڽ𻪳в񣿡



1228 ׹ҫ£
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֪ǱľʵôĿž޿һ̶£ǰһƬڡ

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ôһһפؽ𻪣ʲôִý


1229 ꣨ϣ
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ĹҲ΢΢ͷɫ꽥ľԼλ˶һۣҲ棬ת뿪

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1230 ꣨£
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1231 ϣ
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ƳǱɱˣûжջ



1232 £
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1237 壨ϣ
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ԶԶŵϵĹɫӵĿԼǲǰ
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лӨѹæкͬľָŰ׻ðڣҳˮסľͰװѪ
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ҲЦǰæкĻҶ֣и⣬˻ؾ԰
ȫûԼͬΪ壬ʲôס
ڳһƬֿЦֿϲ֮УϵƤ΢ŵĵ⡭⣬׼óˡ
ۡ
Ĺ̲סЦתЩȻ
ǰǰ׵ˣⳡսһֱƿ֮Уǰֻ֣Ϊһ̵ѡһȫӷأڽӡ
ǰһ̫ˣռ䶼ɷĩǿķҲûô֪ʲôǲǵУ
̫󣬴˵еɼҪ뽣ǽҵû˵˭ҵŽеġǺ󷲼ѧɷδ֮ʱ˵Щʥźܾܿߵ·
ĹǸп˵ЩɵʥŻЩͬģǺǿֻ̫ߣ˶編ܸоǴô
뷨μ䲻編ĽͨĲΣҲ·ߡ
ԣǰճֽ͸оȫֵܵĹƣʱŸΪ𾪡
ĳһ֮С
˵ƾֵɻڣֻ⻰߽һͻ֪ңӴ˵ȥѰҽ͡
ϧǣճĽǽȫĹ
ЩʿߵĸͲһ·ôҲ벻׵ġ


1238 壨£
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ҵ˳ƺϼһﶼϲ̨棬һնʵƽ
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٣λԶԶվſֵɽʿȴҪǿࡣ
ճڰ֣ΪǫˣǧνţֻҪǰ·ͨ⻢İ׻ͬ죬ʳܴ֮Ѫ񣬻λһ͹⣬޾ƣȴЩź
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Ȼǰ棬ҪÿһЩ

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뵽һյ龰ͨԼԴоˮˡ
ҺϴμûɱóУôֵס
ʦҲôǵİɡ
ɴУﻹһȻǷ佣ʵѾǣ
Ԫܾ֮еҲ֪ôġ
ʹһҲԿԷľ粢ô򵥣Ԫ࣬ܿҲֻһ֮ң
ɽȫɵֿɽӡ֣Ҳްա

ϵĹ˸ظң׼ˮҩݣճԸʰ⣬׼ϯ
Լȴƨɣһ̳˳ǡ
Ŀֱָɽ
һΣȴ泩ƽ
ȫϴǰɱڡ
ɱ˻֮󣬵Ȼջ
ңֻǴʱͬɽȪעʶһƬ˽ǻղء
ϵһճôҲţƾһҰ󷨣ּǿ
Ǵﵽ׽գ˫նһճĽֻ˵ԷɱԷ
ͬ׵Ĺƣֻܵˣ巨ţô򵥡
Ҫ֪ճδ֮ʱһϼùˣȻԷָܿ죬ǹͷˣܲм١
ôϼĽ޷Ҫʤһɲճ۲
꿴Ƽʱ޿̲ڷţճһֻԵ
Ƕ磬ǻ׻̬ǿԭڡ


1239 ԪƷϣ
ճϵɽɽֻϴʱȣǲңɽƷȫԭ
Ӧǻ֮󣬾ʮɽѰ£˲£̸շһЩ¡
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ⶴ߹һͨ߹հĵ˷綴ſڡ
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ճ֪ǾǵںܾúܾǰѾݽߡ
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ճţͼС뻳Уתɽ
ջѾõУڼҵţǲ̫ʧ



1240 ԪƷ£
˼ңͼ԰ſڴʱˮһƬ·ǰЩӵĳֻǻ
ԼȺ̸ϲʿ
̧һЩƷĸˣ԰һ˳ǰȺš
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Ͳˣڽ𻪣˭ĻûӺʹѵ㻹û֪õЩʲôΣ˭
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ʹϢնȵС㣬ҹϵãгΪһҵļ󡣡

һ֪ȫϵĽ𻪻ˣľҲû£Ҳ˭ˡ

ճһңңţɻһЦ
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һתһ룬ְЦһֶ̾˵ǹʦ˴Ѿˣι

֪ǴŸӵ̬ȥġ
һϵĳһЩĻ䣬ֻԸܱסԼͼ˵ƽҲȥܡ
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ȻϣһεĻܴ
븹һճѪľŵâͬҹշһ˸
ǧĻ⣬ճһ˾ͳһ롣
뿪֮Գ̺ƣ˰ʱ
ͻһ¯Ѫ
һһֵǿ֮䷢
ճͬƻըѰϸ΢죬Ѫ쾫Ե켣ߣϢҲһԽǿ
ܲסѹȣľܵСٻС
˵ĻʱʱĹһճ塣
ֻһۿȥܼճڣһ̫Ĺơ
Żһ㣬ӳԺڻա
԰Ȼ˯ŵʵûж١
һ˫˫˷ܵ۾
Ƕ֪ԼҹǿòƷˣٽһְϲøУκζȲ˵ġ
峿ճչֻоȫ̲סһХ
ХԶƳսҰ
΢˫Ŀζı仯ĸƢȫ
Ťγһɫݶ߿գþòɢ
峿΢ɫյ԰ɾŶ˶䣬쾪Լ۾
˳𣬹һᣬӿһƬԡ
˶󻨶תԽתԽ졣
һ̣⻪һգнһ޴󳤽ԽСâԽֱϹۡ
һ죬Ǿš



1241 ͨϣ
ǧֻҪǰ·ͨ
Ĺôֻоע˻ɵǸ˵Ļ
ʱΪǿáѪʱٴֻǹĵĳͻȻһЩԡ
ƽΪݵֻԼĽ
ָоôأԼĺӡ
ḧһ߲ʳߵױǰĨȥĻҼͼһϲ
ĹòȻ
΢˽һ˿סһ˿ۺ죬ӳϡ
ǲ԰ľȻݣһҹȥѱˮ۹⻬ഺѪɫ
ǧ껢ֻ˼ʳѰָ˼ʮǰĻѪӯʢѵõģѪСȫһ˿ԡǧ˿񣬺϶ΪһҲѧŻǰ㣬Լ棬Ԫ񡭡˵ĵǧ˰ɣ۵ʲôʱ򶼲ܷ
Ĺ꣬Լһ߳ɽõ棬ϣгһ½磬ôȥˣյ֮־ʣΣ
ֱգһ˿룬ŮĳԾԪѿ
Ĺϲɫ
޵棬µأʵĵ»Ҫλָͬǰ··ʧǰ·֮ʱԼ
Ǹɽ־ή֮ʱԹľź°;ϡ
һ
Ĺ鸴ӣתͷңңǶͼɫ⻪ӳôֽʻòʡ
һûôһ£һХƷŲ־
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˵һǧһ򣬶˵һء
˵öʲôǧĹûϵʵѣд
ȴûţظ磬ܴƿֱ
ʹӵأһ˿ʮʻεʢ
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۶ԪԪࡣ
Զϵ
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ҹİ׻ҹ磬ȻҲ˲ٺô֮ʱ㡣
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ǼʶٸߣҲ˵˭˾޳ɵͳԪ̤ͨ
Ĵ˳֮š
ߵһ·𣬾ȴࡣ
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ȵ棬еɡ
αĺܲ࣬۶Σɢ׺ɣ桭
Ĺúϵ˾Ǵľ磬ÿղɼ̫̫֮塢ġ档
ǵ·ֻһ벻ͼߵԪֱָյĵز
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˵ϵ·Ͼ𣿾򼾫Ҳֻ辶ԷҽʶôͿԣ
Ĺɻȴܡ
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Ԫ࣬һսһĽ֮ʱգˣǺǡ
Ц̶ǵο
ĹüܲҹɰЦĵϵŪԼҲǹŹֵġ
һ·׷ɱͽͽ˴Թأ˱ҲΪ֡

ɽ´һʮ֡
һȵأ峿Եʮľ
С˫ۣ̽ͷѰճ¶ݺͼ
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ѣɫˣڳ𣿡
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вŮ˵ѡ
̺챻佱ԵһۣҲѵ˻Ȫ֮ˮý𻪰տ־ԪȻǵ֪ǺţҲܴҴԺ̸ҪЮˣһΣŮ֮ˡ
Ƭȵأŷߺޡ
ϴˣȴ飬˱öףȥ£Ȼǰ˴ζӦֵ
ͨУټȵֻǻͤԺ
̺ЩУԶˮ鿸̨ͳȺ
ͥԺΧһƣƺŷ
ᵽԪ¸Ц״Ǳնһ棬ûľԪãƷϧȱٻԵ쳤վԻΣʵɽȪ֮ˮˮľԪǸһ㣬ֻþƷȴҲǳţߺߣº󣬲ҡ
Լ׸ɽֱϳ鴤һ£ۡ
ƽϢͷɫһɣž͸һ˿ۺɫ
ʱ䵽ˡףʲô𻪳˳ɵ



1242 ͨ£
ճԼڷ⣬ɢ˷һܣ֪Ĵ
֪һͻ֮롣
ָоϸϸ֮£Ȼ
ˮ˼дӾ԰ᣬһֵһᡭ
İգҹ񻶸ոɢҵĹӸ
ҲݶɫӵϵǿøҶϵһֻƴСʳ
ţͷԼһѽתš
ֵǣһѽȴŵֱܷԶҵİӵζ
ԪǣԪֽ࣬Σͣ߹ĵ·
ͷĿһնһСյҰԾϳڷ衣
ǿаסͷļ¶һԪ塣
΢΢˼һ£һ𣡡
һƬҶӯƮƮݶȻֱɡ
ֱؼʮɸߣͣ
Ƿ⣬ճҲѹֲסϲ⣬Ц
һֱŰѵгһշϸ߿գɵĸױȵĳ졣
Ǹ磬ĳֹ߷ϸ߿յȫһ
ǰգҲֻǸӦվŲͬġ
һΣȴƾЮУȻ̫ɵ̫Ҳ죬վǷˡ
ԶˣĿɿڴ˹
԰ļҶҲ̲ס̾
ճΧž԰һȦδľƮ¾̤ƲʣаƮƮ̬ݣ紫еˡ
񻶽˳ǣ½ǣ۾ģȿֵġ
Լ๫һСľͷɵȥˡ
Сٻݽ۾Ŀţʮּ١
ճܿظһһСٻĹԽԽˣ˼޷ֱ
Ҳ֪ǰ͸ļû¶ȣӦҲˣ˵СٻҲһ׻
źСģճЦͷ˵ɾԪǺ£㵣ĸʲô๫ҪԪԣʲôرûУ
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ķбʱһЩʵʵĴУ˵ʱֻΣھʵΡ
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Ƿѹϣһ΢ѹȣָΪӽնҲƿռ죬ٷá
ֻУʱԪȻݣûɵܻһֿ飬Ȼûе
ָоʮأ˵Ҳԣһֲȷ
԰ֻ˵ɾԪ֮սǸʶ࣬ôָо
ȷûǲٿԪǸֽȫΪܣͶ㶼ǴŲԲƺȱʲô
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ճЩˡ
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ת˼ȦһԪж͹ճȥ
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תȥͼɽѣһ߰ƽԭ֮ϣɽһɺ̡
һɹ𶯴յƲʶÿɢ
һŽ𻪼
ԶܸӦϢ
ϼȻУ֪ڸ˭
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콣Իͺ󣬳˻ȣһɷ
Ӧһ׻ɽҲضá
Ź˶ãٵʿΪ˲٣ȻպܵɽնɴȺٶȸһ㡣
ٶȻһЩ
뵽Լڶ̶ʱ֮أ꣬Ԫ࣬ճЦ
ֻܲԼ˽ɡ
еԼһ˵õõȻǺãҲû
ֵǣϼҪϻǿʵԾܣӵʮ̡
һ̽׺󣬺̹֮УǵĻɫķҡ
ϼ㻹ҵңʲôô㾹Ȼ
ĲвŮ¡¡ƿմ
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ò˵ϼ죬ˢӣܴ򲻴ùıµȷǿ
ڿŲתƹ֣Ž𻪳Ǽٳ
ճۼ⣬ڽϵĴﱧһˣһ߰ģСŮĨᡣ
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̫ˣϢҲ󡭡
СŮȻСѾ߰˷ơ
Ҫǣһβ͡
뵽ոյĻճﻹʲôˡ
ȻϼΪʲôһܣһֺɱˣͺˡ



1243 Ԫƾϣ
мӴܵϼһһ̵ģоǴصﰵڡ
֪Ͳȡˡһ飬ֶԸزظһȴû뵽ҾȻһʱ̶ֲס¿ɲˡ
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û»ŮޣҲ֪ѵزǷ£Ҳûã˼ɱˡ
ڡڴǣϼƣһʱ
ȣһң㱻ǼڳΧס
˽һ壬ƮƮһӣź浲һע棬ƽ޹⣬һλ⡰ءһնڴ档
ꡭ
âڰըѣ˷ǻɫһ𣬺ƶݺݵ˹
ϼɫһף֪һȴʧˡ
ȻСӲأվҲѪ֮ôһ㣬Ҫ׷ˡ
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ΪѼ䣬ϼͼ𻪳ǵӰӣҲǰнȵһӰ
Ӱڸ죬ܰԪ纣ͬ񳯰ݾ
һֱ˵ﲻһ飬ԾľͰһͷ
˾ưһֱҪʵʣźһа˱ܵƣǿƣԣվڰգԪ֮࣬塭
һĵļϼѾ˭ˣµʱԼƴľ
ʱԷԼֻǿһߣƴ֮ʱԼһˡ
ʹ˼ʹջ˼콻龰ϼͨ˽֮еļ⣬Ϊ
ΪԼЩʱΪҲͳ˶Է
֮ʱƾԼΪʵĽֻ֮ӦսʤԷ
һԷѾԪ࣬ƷλĽɫԪ񣬶ǹһĽɷࡣ
Կ
ô룬ǲѵôһǰסҪ
ϼһſھͺȵӣסҪǣؽͿ̿ýǣ̻ԵС
ǰϼΪԼ¾ݺᣬնħǲڻ¡
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ԣƻж飬ҲǱƲѡ
ճϼĽ⣬ٿɶ֮ʱһˮʵƣһ¾ǰɻ󵽵ʲô
ʣ֪ʲôԪࡣ
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Ԫˮһ𣬹ĶԪɢһֳ鶯ѹ
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оƬ΢΢һȸת˲䣬֪ԼԺĵ·
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ĵԷ׷㣬㲻ܵУʵû̫ġ
СŮȻмϵȴǲܲȣҲֻűϿϼΪ
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ϼУӰΣǽΣлоһ޽ǰ͸նɽϺ˫ǡ
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򣬿ȥ֣ܽܽ㣬۸ˣָɵġ
СŮһҲ˵ճӰţŴŵµ
ճһɽס׷Ļƺˮ˳ӣֻоһɭصѹֱֱ飬һּǿ籩
շžž죬ŵâǱ䡭
һ߸̾ķǿԪʵһ߻СŮ˵
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죬ִǼȥȹϲƵģֻʱ㿴ƺǸоģСŮβճϣɵĴ۾ͷȥͼǵǻˮ˾͵ߣæеˮã־ֻһڻһ롭
ֻ˵һ룬¸ЦһΪ⽣жԭǿռӣֻ࣬ûʵ࣬һС
ת͸ޱȵ˷ܡ
ǰǽ⸲ǰɣԪòͣоͷֹ
ԪԼԪ֪Ҫǿٱȫû̫ɱԡ
ӲͷƤǰʵϣԷ֪ԼȪˮɵԪȾ֮˵Էһ֡
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˵Ԫ࣬˵Ρ
ûᣡ
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ճһŵЩ¡
Դһ֮£ճϼڣԼԼİѳǱҲ
ֻҪ˸Ҷ㿪ξͻ˳¡
ԪУ϶ǼҼأ衣


1244 Ԫƾ£

ճͷƶԼӲƴ
˵һԪԼӲӲôƳεˮ˻á
ΪճʶƬˮ⣬һȴ֪ճ֪ĸмɽŮֶΡ
ʶǼٰʯŮɽȪˮɵĴ󣬶ж֪֮֮꣬ʱͷŭȴ³ç
ϾûԪƾӲƴ̫Σա
ԪԪҲв
ճԪ˷أܲٿصԪԷ˵ֹʮ
˶ơ
۽һ飬ͼϼɫһ䣬ѾȻ˳ʮ߰ɣ㵽˺棬еǾĻȪ֮ˮۻ࣬Сˡ
ճһ£һԼӵ˰ȫطſʼ˵Էϸ˵
ˣǵҲֱֿӰƲ½ǻع
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ΨһԳֵϼȴǰˣһָֻ֮ɧţԪһƶû
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ǰһ̻ǽԻͣһ̾ͳʵâԾţšУɷԲγһƬ
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һֻһЩͻƵаʿУԵ;Ժٽһ
ֶΣϿֶΣͻ粻һ
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Ȼ֪ԷʲôֶԪ񣬵Ϳ˶ԷʽӣףҪôܿ˵ʤ
ԼƾԪҪߣƷΧ㣬ƿԪ
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ۼþҪ׹⹥Χ
ͻȻһһˮͰϸϰ׵âͻȻ֣ӴܵӰ֮ϡ

һʹ
ǻɫâɨת۾С߰˳ɣֻһϸСߣȺɽִȥζ²Ӱ
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ȻԪǲͬ״ɢϻ壬ߣ»вԪȻأŰ취ܿκá
ϼһ޿֣Ŀܾǻȥ֮еƣΪû취򲻻ˡ
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ϼʮִֺȴϸ緢£һִԿζ棬Ǻ˷ĵĶѡ
ߣԸʱ򣬿»öһ˼š
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ѵԪߵʵҲͬһ·ӡ
ɽȪˮΪ־ͷȥΪɫӡ
Ű׹ӣǹǷضʮ㣬ȾԷԪƽֵķͱȻȥ硣
ճ۲ģʵϼ޹ĳɽ
Ԫδɾ֮ʱУܻס񲻱ȪˮȾɴӣҲǲ
Ԫɽһ壬ǰҲúǣķԪоһֱ÷ɽĵԪԽһͿɻƻȪˮˡԪõ鷳
ճƶǰƣ뵽ʲô˵ʲôǺѰ˺ý
ѷɽԼĵķֱˡ
лɱһɱУҪСԪ񣬻Ҳ롣
ǸǷǡ
ϼɫһףæҲֻƷɽѣӿˡźǣ˽ѱĳѪԪϵһ𲻿ɸѣڣȴǲܽ
˵źϼʮңȫЩˣճǿ
ʵճ͸İԵϢľ
ԪƾûУƾ͸ҸͬΪԪڸƴɱ粽õġ
ƫƫһûԵĶӣֱ̫׺ˡ



1245 ɱϣ
ճĿƽϿ˺һᣬջĿ⣬ͻȻϼǽŵģ̲סЦ
ӲãģֲǵаĻԵġ
ϼ˿ƺԼ̫С̬Ҳ̫ԣæȵʵ˵ҲôĻȪԪ̫Զǣƻǿõģжĳβ
Ǿͺá
ճֻûȴһЩɡ
ʵϼ̫ˣһֱϣ۴򲻴ùҧס˲ɿڡ
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źǣ϶ʱ䴫ŻɽʱϼӰ
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Ѵ˴εжһܴӣôǹªŵˡ
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ԣʵϼֻǶģģնħͼ
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ЩײУĵڼݼ
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Լֿжõʵ̫Чʲ̫á
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Ժ¼Ͱ׻¼֣֮ױ䡣
˵ˣȥ˵֮󣬾ͺ
֮󣬻Ͼͻǰ
֪ǲʱԵʣΪλˡ
󲿷˶ǽġ
ԣЩܾҪȡˣҲ֮¹򣬶ǽƣ߽ɡ
ĳһַΧ֮УС
񻰴˵ˣһЩ˿ǿƹ㣬ų
ЧʵճûҲûȤȥ
ԼԲϣһЩԼ뷨
ȥȴһֱôš
򼾫ڳͨ͢տ¡
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ȴԿ־忪е˳߲ĵ·϶£ǿѹơ
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Ҳܹ˼֣ûʹ²֡绯ĸֶΣʶҲ̫ߣҲֻһײֶˡ
Գ糱ˮӿĹˣճµȻСŮ޲ԼϵСβͣЩ
Сһɰǲ֪ƨβʲôá
ûϵˡ
Сֻۣ΢΢㶣΢һβ;ˣҲ˵˵ˣҪβȻᱻ˴ġ
ճȻ
ոհŵϣСѾͷ۾Ĵһ£ѾźȥһĨӣһޡ
ǰƹ⣬ЩʱſӰԲ˫۾еӤôˣ
㣬ֱץˣܽܽ㡢۸ȫÿˡ
ʲô
ճһðɣһˡ
СӤի֮Уɽĸ󣬺ףƽǰЦһǵСꡣ
аʻõĴʡ
ȻԸ񣬸ǰǽ׼ʱ󻷾ˡ
ôһǰЦľ飬һμ棬ȻһСް˾Ϳޡ
νɾ飬ˡ
˻ԺȥӤ׷ʲô顣
СŮ޼ˣ˵õĵЩ
ֻ֪һˣ˯£˴ׯ󷨣˾ɱ
ĸַȴҲûסãѵԪȪʴ壬׽
ۼȫׯҪСѾͷҲʱ򣬾һӳ˳
Ӥ˵Ͳ֪ȥֻ֪͵Ϯˣȫׯʮȫ꣬úļ١
ճ֪ʲôԻ֮ŮΪɽгͨ꣬ʱ֪Լԭôһݡ
ǱһЩԵҰ¹еһԱ
תһ룬Ҳˡ
ǺΪԼã๫СˣԲ˵
ϾȢ˸ޣĸǹ֣һ˾ԻĴ١
Ӥ˵¶֮ʱϼһţ۹͵ҵ֪ʱĳһ࣬ļƻץׯ԰СΪҪȡŮ˲ҪģЩȫڹץδֱɱҪȵĻüġϧʵãֻܾȵһˣͱ׷ɱ
ϼصļֵ粻˳٣ǲΪСΪ˹سһǰգҲдϢ֮նɱ¡򣬵ڳ϶ɽѪҪ֪ԪȪԽѪɱҲԽ󡣡
һ˵úд˶ãճǲȥɱֱôҲ˵ȥġ



1246 ɱ£
üͷһ壬һϼЩף˵ʲôо
֪λӵʿӤ˵ҲǴȻûʲô©ɾǶûʲôøС
СٻǽŵĿճһۣٿ񣬳̾һѹ˵ңȴ뺦˺ˣɽһˣȥɣܾȵֵˡ
뵽ΪԼԵʣú˱°׶༪٣СٻʮѹԼȡʵ뷨
ǰȥǣСٻ֣ȻЦˣͻȻϮͼԶȻֵץɱʲôⲻʿ֪ǳ๫ģ˭ȥûã²ֽ㣬ˡ
ɫ๫ڣóѵģͶҲֻ棬޲²С
ȻС
ճɨһϼζ
ٵʿһ˵ôȻȴԼԺ
ҺúСٻȫ˼ƣ»˿Цȥˡ
ЦǶˣղɴĶӣҲôع鱾壬ȡ˱ʲôı㣬Ҳһ֮
һ½棬ԪһĽɽһɺƴϢͥԺ֮С
׹˸ѹ˷
һ֣У
ԵϢһ֣ΨҶζӹСٻ
ϼһ̩ɽѹͻȻ
һɽݶͬΪޣǿʤ
Ϣһѹϼɫһףæ
Ͻϻһĳӿȫ䣬ֻ٣֫
̧ȥͼǰİɽ룬ԼɽµϣҲ˼
ֻܳԽĿꡣ
һ̫Զ˸ȷʵܱȣôɣұͲ
ͷһϼһΣ罬ſڵϣس
ǿסĶӵĳ嶯Ȼ˹ò׳һŸɰͰ͵˵⽣ʵ̫ǿˣֻǵһҲ㽣ɢ˴󡭡
Ѽ£ĳոոͻԪ񣬻δüЩƲáڿһˮԴƬ̣ȥȥ
ճ˼ЦЦĿϼһۡ
ԪӾУϼǻͻˣԼɽһնѿء
һӴˣ
ǾѹƣĽ棬ϣǶԴ˷λӶᡣ
ճоƬˡһʧղһʶѹĽС
㡣
ϼĨ˶ͷ亹ոôһ̣оԼʹڹŹؿڡ
ǵⲻѹԼĽģѹꡣ
Լо𣬱ƣȫһĪĶʧȥˡ
һִܸУʲôﲻȴôҲ벻ס
һҪõزأ޳ԪģǿָоҲٳֵڶΡһ죬һڽ¡
ϼ΢΢ͷһ˿⡣
ǣĵһӰ
ֻ뵽ԼԪ񣬻ҲԶܸԷȼ磬ǿȫѹԵġ

ճתݣü۽ǶЦ
ýƣݺݵѹһϼڶԷӰ
ն϶Էˣȴ֮⡣
ԪһճѾܹӦǰܸӦһЩҲһЩ˼飬Ӷˡ
ǴܣѹƣڶԷʧܵӰӡ
ʵʱġ
Ӷ˾ͲһˣԵġ
ֹϵùϣֶö
ҵˣսۡ
ϼ֪ǣһѹ𽣲˵˼֮ʱӴˣͻȻ˥ȥήҲƮҡо
Ԫ棬粻
ճףоƬ˷ӦͻȻˡ
ϼٻŮĻ֮һٮٮߣһݺ᲻ܣÿһս󶼻ͻͽ˳˳ˮʵλ¡
ԭĹ켣һʱûдﵽĿģƣҲԽԽ£ԽսԽǿ
ǣճôһѹһն˵ˡ
λҲ޾ж
ʧܲ£δ֮ǰݱۣܵʵǺ¡
һ˴ϲˣж־ǾĲˡ
ʱٰܣİˣӴƯƼٲ
ϼùˣλˣճҲòô
֪ΪΣоƬһֶԶոڼ
⣬ճЩ£ȴϲǼ˭ǿͿոԼ
ֿϲո侲ûֺ¡
һҲõġ
й
ϼƣԼû취
Ͼ˵λٵʿûʲôõľٶСӤıޱȵĹΰ
ۼΪúܺãǰճҵòò˼¡
ʲô˭֪
оƬֶξˣĲУֻҪ㻳Ųõ˼ƣͻγǷȷڷ񣬶ԳִﵽĿġ
һµĹܡ
ճݣϥÿʶе׷ʲô顣
оƬı仯ϵԼ;ַʱ̣Ҳ֮
Ԫܲһεı仯ǸԵģԼô
ԴӸһս֮оƬǹʶͰȥҲоֺֻܲ²Ҳڽ˯
ʱˡ죬Ľоճ׹оƬѾѡ
һоƬеŹ֣ĸоˡ
ǰһճͿһƬǿգһž޴ĽɫԲ򻺻ʶתš
ûͬҲûƵûǲоƬ
ӳһ˶飬ɢ⣬ת



1247 Ԫ飨ϣ
Բתܣǳ
ųֻɫƺңԶ
һųɫ͸ŷ̻
һȴǳɫڣᰡ
ճһˣųɫǳԼ硣
Ҳի硣
ĵεͬƱ仯ֳһŵģδ
ˣ紦Ļɫִ硢ʹ磬ΪʱմҵԵʣѾϵռˣҲֿܿǿŻͻȻɫӦþƽʱ˵֮ȼͬӽܿݱ䣬ȴʱ·;Ӧ̫ңԶƾԼʵʱزȥʲôҲʱȥ
ųȻɫԲ򣬾իˣԭϵ磬ȼҪߣ˵ҪһЩˡ
ôмתɢâԲʲô
滹ŵƣƺո޲ɣѾ˸⣬ȼһ㶼ʱʲôȼ
ճһ
⻹ܽоƬ𣿡
㱵Ŀ˰ΣſףʵһӣɢŨŨ⣬һΰԡ
ԺһճԪһâǿâĽ֮ڡ
ǰһׯϢֻһӴĹȺ֮䣬ǰһشˮһ¥һԡ
ִԽ𣿡
ճԺո𲻶Եĸоǰһ
̽ͷ̽Եģ߳һźȹСŮ
Ůü䣬ϴӤʣѡ
һճͻһСѾ˹סȣͷȽеְ֣
ճһȻˡ
ȫûһ׼
Ů
իãҲԪҲȻ֮
ҪǣСŮڰͻأֵģճ
һճˣŮһ֣͵ˣۼžҪ쿪
ճһֻۣԼ񼫣һӰӹԺͷȻһѣСŮ
æèӣְСŮֻƮƮģһѪǣ
ҵ֣
ճֿЦ
ⲻѪУ괫Уͬͬ񣬸
ʵоƬǣԵճ˵ŮһҲû˵
յ֮ʱʶ¶ģ˵̫ССҲŮ
ԣճҲֻΪһܿΪԪɾͣŮҲųܻ꣬ˡ
ޣոհְֲûϳ𣿡ճæš
ŮΪЦճͷ˲Ĳӣ¶ССѡ
֧֧ŵĴճͷʵСأôûڿˣܹ
С
ճ죬ΨһƵСľǱĽʵ塣
ѵܰʵʶ򣿡
⻰ûʳŮ޾͵һ֣ճ͸о΢΢һһâɫĵĽƮǰԣƮ
ֵıŮǰߣճǿѹͷɻ󣬷ȥ
ˮŲ˶٣ֻóвۣˮֻ࣬ǳǳĸһ㡣
졣
ǱԴ̫֮СˣְҪŬӽǮöġ
ôһˮҲƺճˣˮʵԼõԻôбԴ֡
СŮ޿û̫Ľͣһиý͡
ȷճԻ󣬽ֻҪʲôϢ֣ⶫôˡ
бԴ˳أϸеĴɽˮΣС
¥ǰߴһ߽⻪
ֻһȥأһĪĸж֡
ǿŮޱˣҲǰоƬ˵ܶӦǰʱˣ޸̫٣ءҲ֪ʲôСŮһŰֽ˼ܿʲôҲûС
뵽䣬Ů޾ָָһְҪ𣿶
Ŷԣȥ
߽ƫճΰĵ֮һ£һжʵǻ
ң⹬Ҳ֪ˣ־ͳʱռխСҪסӵ˼ԣ⴦ռԻȺ
Īǣһʱ䣬ʵ۵룬ԾǻʹԣʹеǳֻԾ´ˡ
еˣһжԼ˼ά֪ΪԻ
̫ˣֱǶ츣ء
һ˿˿ưƴƮճֻо޴泩
졭ԣԭһ磬ֻո޸ͬ
Ųһ鼮ճһͼעڣҲע˵ص㡢
һӰԼͷ֣Լ߹㼣
ѹ͸鼮ϣҲ쿪ˣƪƪ
ճһЦһĿȻˡ
ĿĹˣһƪիƪԪս
еʱ뷨ӦԣԼһһʽÿһ飬ǰԡ
Ȫó֮еÿһ߰׹ǳߴ磬ܿס
ȻϼеĶԼ֮ʱӱֱָ衣
öԺֻҪ˭ҹУ̫ӣʱûסص¥Ҳܰͼϸϸݡ
䳤ȣǹƪÿһﶼճѧġģиĹͼɣǵǹꪣȭ巨š
йɣлɽԽŽнµֵľ󷨲ƪ
ˣЩֻҪһЩݣܵõԺְ㲻Ҫ𣿸֤Ǵӻ˵ĽҪá
ճգԼ룬һҲԼλŮ
ϼ˶֪ճʵǰƽ۲úܣֵǰ㵭Ȼ


1248 Ԫ飨£
ǲ䳤ȺмյһɢȣƣзǰĹ㣬ϸȥֿ
ֺԶ
ұǼ⣬һģĿռ䣬ŸƵıܡ
տҲû׼ñ
طһ߿ݣһϰܵĵط
ճЩ䣬ɨһۼ⣬ԺпˣǲһЩֵݵļܣһѧ
СŮ޽ЩҪݺҪֵ
رҪĺöǲỨ˷ѡ
Ͼ似ϰľ磬Ѿǹ˵ġ
֮һѳֱ
ֻҪܾ鷢ԼԪ֮µʱҲ͸аա
ʲô⣬ֻҪԼʵǿһزЩ谭ֻһնˡ
һǹؼСŮֱӾ͵ˡ
СѾͷճ֣һֺֻСֻƣķĽ͸Ưţɵĸ档
Ҳ֪ʲô
ĿΪռӵĳȨޣٿƷһֱܡ
ȣʯ壬ʰϣּá
ճϵƽ̨ͼһͭԾµĺۼ
Žգͭǽܲͼƣѿһ߲Ŀӣƺŵͳĺ
ʱʱܿһ˿˿⣬͸
ֻǿһۣճ͸оͷæת񣬲Ҷ࿴Ҳ˳
ʲôطǿƣ
ǻĵԴѹѴڣҲʲôö䶼ˡְǿˣԺͿԿ滹һЩãܺġ
ŮĻش۾һգһգĿ
ҪʲôܿճºȻ
Ԫɾ֮ΪԼѾ㹻ǿˣǣֻǿдŹŹֵĵ󣬾ѾĻܡ
ʮԶôҲ粻Ų
˵ǰˣתͷͷתٻ
ֻӶš
Ůû˵Ļĵ滹иǿĵá
ǰڳرߣ¥Ӧò
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мһȼյĻ¯¯ˮŮߵǰָǰѷķɵ¯档
ű֣¯һ¾ߣյôһƬ߲ʣӯӯá
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Ůüë˵
ۼǵɫĽһ󲿷ʾͱ
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СŮתͷЩ˵
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ȥԼѧһѧСɵˣһľͷ鷢úá
ܵûָԭУȻ˳֡Ů޳üͷ˼ͻȻһЦ
ˣԶ߲֮֮֮ǿܽ͵ģҲˡ
1000ǣ籾Դ컯߲Ϊ棬޳ɳ
ճǰһԺһּǸѡ⡣
ѡòˣҪҪɳͷȻճзŹ⣬ǻеĵĽ
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æӦһǣ
ոȷֳָıһһͱ䳤
ת֮䣬ͱԭСһ̡߳
߲ʹУǽˣ֮üķ
ţôһСһ޽С
ճǽţԾ棬ߡ
СŮȻƣ鰴ţתͷһЦְ֣ԪӡѽɾƷˣԣء
ӡճǻġ
һüһӰǰһˣǽһͰ
ճһУͿʲô˲ưĵ֮С
ս֣΢΢ֻһ֣ԪӦųʵ㡢̣񡭡
ǿĸоС
һΣǴ
ճףʱ֮ڣ۶ģǽ󹥻Χ
Ԫ֮֮ڣ񼴽ĵ
С
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ٶȱǰж࣬Խ١ǣɷԪ·ƿϵĺȫûˣ󽣷ǰĿѾֱ𡣡
ճӽƣֻһ㽣ͼһԲն˳ȥХУƬռı߽ն˹ȥƬɻɢ
ְնѾȵһθսʱȫԸ˫նʱһܰıնϣҲú¶



1249 㣨ϣ
ճԽԽϲĵĽ̸أֻһǡô
죬ʺԼִ˼ʮһôѪ
ⲻǽֵܣǻ飬ǳϦദˡ
ճ۽磬ŻһʦֻҪ̾ͿŪãʵ̫ʡˡ

ճСŮ޵Դֻоͷë׵ģûǿ佱Ů
˵СҪһ£ɺܺõԸ
СŮ޺ܿģЦþѸЦһüֻһǧˣӿˣְּ͡
ͻԪ޸黨Щնɱ˻ջǧˣͲˡ
˳СŮ޵ȥճͼǳˮȻһ룬Ϳڸסص׵Ľɫˮٵÿ
ԭǳеˮˣ
ճûʲôϧģǮû˿ҲǣΪʲôҪбԴأ
֮Ҳ籾Դ֮кܶôģԴҺҪ࣬;ܶ࣬޷壬ݹס
СŮԽ˵ԽСһ㣬ɷǿɰ
ճЦָͷš
˵һתͷǿı飬̾ϢǱո޸һ㣬ռ䣬û޸๦ҲûҪ֮Ժʲôòϣɱ˷ˣӣ칤ʣԪȼġ
СŮһһ۵˵
֪ˡ
ճЦЦʹȥͻȻסŹ˵ʲôѺòӽ棬˵ﻹװ
ֱ
ⲻǴ˵еĴ﷨
Ů޸һӵƺ˵ְֺñ
װȡΣյʱ㵽Ҫٵĵط˷ˣȻȥǾ군ˡ
ճϲ˴ʱȷԼǼ񵽱ˡ
Ԫʵôܲǿиǿ֡
ЩΣͷѾܶùȥ
ЩˣҲƾһѪ֮ܶԸġ
һĹܣȫϵӰٷ֮١
ңԺһЩöҲ۵ĸ磬ٲΪǮƷ
ֻҪһ룬ıװƽʯµ磬óһ㣬ܶȹʼĲڡ
괩Խȡ˵жźܴ
ĳЩ֮УǮƾʵˡ
˵ͷʹˣ˽ʱ˫ֿտգһת۾ӳһѷͻȻԴӣö
˴ʱԽŪоƬʲôˣ˵ⱦ顣
оƬֻǲƬǰܼ¼ɨ裬ػ꣬Լò
ھ޸ֶ๦ܣԳеİ֮
֪ȵֵԼʵӽ֮ⱦʲô
òʰ׼뿪
ϼǰԺ裬ץȥҼʮڻԼȥȣȴǲõ顣
и̵ģĵġ
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΢΢תͷͼѾҪɺԵıԴУһɫ㻩һԾڱҫ⡣
㣿
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СŮ˵ǰ㡣
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СŮ޹ŽѾ˹ȥ־ץβ˹ױһ˵ְ֣ԣкôġ
һһȻǰ˵ļûлָǼٻ
˵ռһжƹܣӦָƲŶԣãǺص֪ʲôá
ǱԴ㣬Ҳճȷˣ֪
ԣ԰ɣְֲճϻοô˼ӿɰŮʳ
ҲˣʵԵģͲ㣬Ҳÿֻǿ㡣
˿ˮˮȻҲ㣬һֱ
ҳԲˣСŮ޾죬Ȼŵݹס֪ˡ
ճΣӹǽ𣬸ܵһ㶣ԺһϢ˽
а֮㣬ϴаغȻùˮʳа10%ܴռ䡣
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ԽԽˡ
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СŮ޵Ĵߴ֮£ѽյߣһ۾ҧȥ
ʲôζֻŨ죬ƮƮɣֱθȫůġ
ճֻҧһڣͻ֭Һ븹ζޱȡ
оģһȥģ죬鲻Խͻӳһ
ɫƥڿռ֮Уų⣬Żͻ
ճĸоǰͬǣһ֣ûб仯еѹȴǿ˺ܶࡣ
ɫиǶһֳȴա
̾ˣֹâԹаá
ˣ׷أ
ճתһҫ֮ϣͬĶһɻͻ֮⣬ƴ
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Ůһնȥ



1250 㣨£
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Ԫ֮󣬸ǲ֪ɽʲôЭ顣
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ԣǧټƵҪһֵ֣ܳΣգҲûд̫໵ۡ
ѡɽԸԵһѣҲʲô
ǰ濸ţٴΣҲȻܣֻҪѰȡزأҪɱãɱ˵ĻԺ־Ϳɱ
Žǰ²裬ϼԾģŵ֮ļƻľųܡ
ܺݣ檡ͳȺһˣҲ˵زľȻԪ񣬳ʵƽ
ճ֮ϼӭӣˬЦ񾫻̣Ӧȶ˰ɣԽԨӦڽˡ
⻰ǹά֪ôģϼһڣ;ǰľ紦ƶˣ翵Ŀ̫
ǰܸоԷǿټֻĪ⣬Ҳܲ˿ѹҲǿ
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ңϼüģһ⣬ڱ˿ĲϣȼգԽԽ
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룬ͣ֡
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ǱԴɵ֮㣬ﱾԴأҲԼйء
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ԵԵǣǺõĽ֣ǻĽ֣ҲӲȥ
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Ժ˸ţ˸ô
оƬΪ֮ճ۾仯
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Ҳ˵ܴ˵Ϣ棬ݾ̻Ƿˡ
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һ֣ϼΪ׳Ⱦͷ֮ɢ⡣
Դּ֮ȱǷӴͶ룿ǣѹƣѷֶ֣ö
ճһ֪Ȼܳɡ
ĵǰȼʵӶλˣҲǻȡ籾ԴܴԼϻ棬ݹǽ
һӣͶһЩˣ߷˵ˡ
ԷɾԽ󣬵ʱջҲԽࡣ
ׯһ㣬ǲ֣ʩʣȻⷽΪأ졣
ʱͿո
˲Ľ棬ͬͲ˷ķˮɣ֮
һͨˣҲǲԣǣͶʾͻܾ޴
Ͷ֮󣬲ܳµĻͻĶ٣ȫײˡ
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ԹǧУֲС
ֵȻǧй͡
Сˡˡ
Ͷ˰ˣ޸ϼ϶߷ǱˣҲֻȡһƾ֤ҽֶڴ˷ؾϽһӡ
ϼһͻȻĻţüͷ
оЩԾ
Щı仯ǱĬķˡ
ֻһɲǵľܿʧӰΪǴ
ٴ̧ͷʱ򣬴ĿƱǿֻ˵ߣɱɾ;ƷԪʵҲǿȥһΣͰɽڹһ򾡡
ˣɡ
ճǺһЦ
̾š
һʵǰԡ
̶һ˲䣬ϼԲϾǿ֮
ǰֲŵ˼Ҳһʧ١
˱仯̬ȻҲ˱仯
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1251 ʾϣ
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βҪǾˡ
˵Ǿȹ
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ڣȻѾ֪ԼĸһңЩȻݡ
ʱܾͲˡ
²ɣҪ͵ס
ˣһεҪĿģǾˡ
СٻԸµĸĿȻʿ֪
ճҲֹܻסСٻ
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ϾɱҹĸһЩ׺꣬Ҳûʲôô
ʣŮʵ̫Ҫ
ںˣȻڴ֮󣬴Щɽ뿪
ճԼʱڲ
ֻӣǰһƬ
ԶɽԴ䣬ɽŸ߸İ
Ϊ;̽һɱճǸӦһЩ쳣
ԽǿɽţվԽԵѹɭ
ǵǵͷߣˡ
ճɹЦһûиожΣա
ǵͷǰ·ֱ
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ģҸܶˣȻûռƣҲκβҡ
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ЮĴƣһһεĥı־Ȼܵõô
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ͿмֻһϢڻĲ֮ϡ
һƬ˥ฯľԱߣʮһɵ
һֻ࣬ӵ̫̫˷ţмֻСӿ
´֮ȽЩȫĿƽͣ



1252 ʾ£
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һ޴֦糤߰㣬ŰɽȥѾһȻ
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˻ƶּ˵ȴһССķΧ֮Уûдһ˿㡣
ţɽҲϣѿĵǣҲˡѾŮߣãʡֽš
ѣ˵ѾԪ࣬ǽɷ࣬׹纣죬ǲǵԤһȳϮ
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뵽ʱ䣬ѵĹΪԽԽص֮
һݣȻĳռѷ¸߹ڵӰ
ѵǺɽôֻܳγ֣
һΣֻ̺͵͵һ۷϶龰Ͳ١
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ճ֪̫̫ڿϧʲôҲ֪ûԼΪ
ճԪɾֻͣҪԸ⣬ͬΪһεԪ༶֣Ҳ뿴ʵ
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׼ȷ˵ĹҲϵ൱ǸޣûнԪ񣬱лӨˣҲֻǿһ㡣
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1253 зϣ
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Բããޱ޼ʡ
ֻһѾߣҲ
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Ҳ˲ϸΪʲôǿ󣬲ľͱһȥ
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ڳ֣ﷴһ
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1254 з£
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ԭǿᣬ̳°ɵ׹⣬ҲѾ£ʮɷԲôҲ岻ȥ

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΢㣬ƽȻת˲ͻߵһǣǱߵսԺ󡭡



1255 һţϣ
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1256 һţ£
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˽𻪳ſڣͼѹѹĳһˣӭǰ
˿ı
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һΣճնҴ󻧺žɳִӺ档
Ҳɽ׹⽣龰
ȥƬɽ볤ֵɭһɨգָʡ
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ȷ۴һܳͨϱͨһֵصĴ顣
ǰĽ𻪳Ҳǲֻͨڣ̻ǰգҪϼʮϰ·˳ͨ
䲻Զ·ܶ¶
ΪֻҪóǳأҰ⣬ͻΣա
£ȫһЩصļһ
ΪѪʳ˼ģôôĴ
Σָȴɽ׻ҪһЩ
мѰѪ֮һЩ۵ˣҲܸɱʱùݣҲЩ
Ⱥȴ֮Ч
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ӰȥٵģֶθǷ࣬ˣ˲֪ôģЩֲˡ
ԣǴҲѾһѲǹԱ󻧣ƽգϲ
֪˺һ󣬲Լóڴգճͻ˾԰
Ըϯд̫̫һС
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һԶԶոճԱүʱһ̲סһڿˮ
ԣ
뵽а⣬
֪ɵСİģ


1259 ˸೤ϣ
ճոսͼӰһһСѾͷˣȻһȹŽѾӡ
ֻǸǰʱСѾͷ۾ģҡҡλεܹճСȣͷʵְ㰡
Ȼո˯ѡ
Ȼ࣬ǰƣ룬Ӧǻָˡ
ճķ֣Ǵ
ĺܴ´ĵˣ򲻹ҿӵģƴ
ճЩ۵˵
֪СѾͷΪ˲ٿز˵ЩˣģҺû˵
ְ֣Щӣ˺óԵģͿԳһЩַؼģ־Ϳѹˡ
СŮ޹죬˱ճСֺС֣ŹһԾݵɫӡһָһ档
Сӡ̲
Ц˵ɽɽӡҲһķˣĵĽҪǿһƷɲҪ˷ˣְȳ㣬Ȼȥ鷿ɣоϲม
Ѿͷ¾ճȵС֣һ̵ľȥ
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ĺ֮ʱˮӳбͽִ֮һɫ졣
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ﻹԺǲҪһЩаɸֺʹ޶ɱɱŪԡ
а֮Ѿɾ20%ճоԼõĺôֹڴˡ
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Ҳܴ󣬴ĳЩ˵а֮㻹ҪǿһЩ


1260 ˸೤£
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Ȼ󣬷ԳһӰ󻯳ɼ´ֳȻʶһ۾˼ת
ճĬĬվԭأץⱾᣬþòƽ
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Ѿͷɵİ˷˵Լܳȥ֣Ȼ˳ɹճֱϲĪ
Ҳ˵ոǴҪˣ;ķ羰ջ
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ˣ첥һӣջһӣԣǴ첥һӣջԲʵ
һڣӣĺũ̶
ճĬĬŹ˵ʫ䣬ᣬ뵽ȴǣ˷ţԺ۶˭ҲԼˡ



1261 Ұϣ
ջϼȫɢŻâϽһĹ֣һ˿˿ȥ
ƤһѿѪƯţɫЩƺǼΪʹ࣬ȴǴż˷ɫ
ȻкݾȻΪǷҴ׷Ҳ˭ĿľǵҴеʥսţûġ
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Ӻƽٳ棬ν֮һһߣҲ˵֮壬壬ǿԻ塣֮壬˷塣֮壬ݵء
һƪǶǵӳУճֻԼӳǰͳһƬǿա
ɫХţٷֻڰʣɸֵӰ
Ԫתϵ壬壬֮塭
ǧԣǲôԪ񣬻壬תһ塣
Ϊ¯һ
ԭʥôǵ壬ǰԪԼԪȫһƬת棬ɵ塣
ɢΣǧ򻯡
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ճԽԽǼӿУֻȥֻҪɼת˵棬ֻ˵սţ¾޳ҡ
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òҵһֱָ;սطֻС뱾
ת˼壬϶Ҫת񿴵ֻǰת
ּµйţߴһ⣬ûк͵նǰ·ôǺã
ңɵĹԽǸĪĹҪ޾ԽǼѣҪǰѧ
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СѾͷ˵黹ܹ似ݺǰֻ뵽Ȿؼʮָ߶ˣȴû뵽ǿĹʵҲǹҲڿݵķ롣
ͷһתճĿⶢ֮ϣ۾һ˿âݵת
ݾתתط50000ԴԴ㣬޷ݡ
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ճõоƬԣʱҲûһˡ
ʱżͬʱֵ
תͷǱķƪ˶ȴ֣޸Ǳ󷨣ֻҪ500ֵ
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ǵģÿһתҪԽܾ࣬ҪʮԴˡ
Сﲻ֪ʱߵճߣ˵
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ΪճҪˣ޸ҲҪˡ
СѾͷʧ䣬ճûɵ֮顣
ᣬһѱСѾͷǿЦݵʮıԴ𣿲ʲôģ¿ͷѣԺԽԽõģõ磬һξġ
һ̣ճһҪҵˣںԼұŮԺǮóԵġ
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ģҪôǲҪںϣ
ܼ򵥵ģͰѵĽӽȥԶͳˣηˡСѾͷ˵ƺ³ճ˼֪᲻ˡ

һճԪзɳ
ճʱٿأѽӵɫҺͬһͲȥ
з죬һ֡


1262 Ұ£
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һնͼǰĿռ䣬ӴĽӰ
Хų˳ȥ
⻯ҡͷβǲһݡ
ƷƷͬǣѾԣóʺϵʽͬʱԻΡɽӡ֮ʱԻɽᷢ仯ȻҪǸزҪԪһﵽصľСȻûЩԶ٣ѽѾ㹻ĵ̡
С˵С˵Ŀɰ
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֪淨ʲô磬û˺ȣҪһڿڵĳԣ绹ɡ
Ľı仯Ǻֻܴ֣ģ㹻ˡ
ʵϣΪǰľƷ㿰ʹãһ־ϲ

ճչأϲջ񣬽𻪳ڰȴǽա
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ΪЩСٶ˵ͷβЩӻĺڣ˵ͻĸҽԶСߡ
ǸƺҲ֪һ㣬Сӵķȴǲ⣬ȻЦúС
ܴ󷽵һСˡСľżСҲǮ
ֵĺͯǻɲľͿ˵ȥҲ˴ǵסһŵĴүô䣿Ҳˣѵǰ𣿡

һ߰СˣϧţΪģҲ˸ĸй̸ĳЩ顣
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ûв鵽ƵϢ
»ؽ𣬴һͷݺõһЩϢ˵˽֪ţƺǾĹӺһŲͷȥ֮ûٳһո˺ܶˣ֪ǲѾȥ
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ǣСѾͷĽ֮£ɽӡ档
¶нݾΪ߽ݾãøȵˣֻΪûѰ̫õķš
ҪǳˣҪȻҲҪǻۡ
߱ǰ߸Ҫ



1263 ָ·ϣ
ѾͷôûмԪڵţҼǵõص伮İɡ
֮ڵСŮˡ
Ȼʱò쿴ֻ棬ٿؿռɷȴǱܡ
Щ伮󲿷Ѿʱˣǰʱ䣬ְʿ̸۵ǰʹȴЩãԴش֮Ԫ֮Ѿ·ҪȻɽҲ˥ܡ
ڴһ鼮ɣƮճǰ
žƣ֪ˡ
ţ
ģĵõԼӸֵ伮еõ֪ʶ鶼¼ӷϸݡ
ճһۣˣǰĵ·ѱնϣڶǰͳ˱ʣķ
ô˵粢һԲ򣬶һɵأ֮Ź޾û֮û硭
С˵úȷˣЩҲ뿪磬ּ˴еľأѱڡ
ճһ
֮ʱ춥ƿڴ֮ʱĽ׶͵գͶδ֪ãã磬뿪ܸһ磬һΪԪɾ֮󣬾ͻһ·߸衢ͻͽû뵽Ҳǰ·
תϰڶת֮ʱҪ֮ζ壬֮˻ʲôûУҪô
뵽ճ̾Ϣһֻо;ѣż
֮ʱЩ֡
Ȼһ˭Ҳûпع磬ܿżԵΪʲô۹׸ֶ㲻ģֻɳ󱲺ѧԺѧǰᡣ
Ϊ˼
ճͲ˶˽ųȫˡίԼ¡
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Ĺ֮Уǧͷһһӹ˳ΪӰ
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һ񻣬įˡ
ǷͣƺĽѩλصӣʦöȥѰ֪һҶ˽ǶιѪĽ飬ûʲôϵĪлŻԵ
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ҲţֻǺܺĿǵ⣬¶һЦݡ
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ݵǿǽ֪֮£Ϊοǲڽһʽܿǰ·֡ơȴ츳ܣԺɵĵõһЩָΪܣְ
СһݵĿճ۾һգһգġ
ճЦıֹ˹СѾͷĽױӣҲûһȵй޸֮󣬸Ҹľϲء
˼΢µصܿܲԼֻһɽĶаء
ˣĽѩ˵ΪﵽԪ׶ΣҲֻغĵӵĴҪĳϡšʦ϶ΪߣôͻƱģ
뵽ճЩУɳ֣ȫʦõ٣ҵͻƵķ
ǵȵǻɽ֮󣬾ͻ֪Ѱ١ȴǲܴµûĻصӦòڴ˷֮У򲻿ͻع򡣡
ôģ
뵽ճֻǿ˼£һʱ˷
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ԵǣҲϲˣôͲѰգȫȫת
ݹоԺΪҪ
ңСѾͷ²İæҲܿóһ㡣
ճ칤Ƕ߲ʹ棬ٰԾĻ𻨣ϸоʲô⣬ֻǾһĹ
컯ɾͣ³ɡ
ǰ·Ĺͬһƻ⡣
ճһ뷨ͼɽӡϵѾȫΪ̱ԪһʧӡҲڻһţֻһű̹Һ
۾ԾֱֱŻ⣬û˵ճ֪ûɡ
ȻٹһᣬҺ漣ĻΪһɫɴʣϼ
ˡСѾͷǵһıɫȸԾԪӡȥͿ԰ʡȴ֮ϧֻǰƷȫˣһתǲ
Խ˵ԽͣƺԼﲻϸæЩʧ䡣
ɸΪ֮ˡ
ճЦҡҡͷѾܺˣԿ
ѷԪֳǧǧӡ뵽Ѫ֮Уͱɺ
ɢͷӾ֮УޱߣƷɴ˽ȥͻȻȻʡ
360ǹһ£ֹڳš
ǵ㷢ĹâبһֱڣΰֻǳһɲǣճӡҲȴ
֪Ҫôתˡ
ԪɢǴȥ
⻯Ϊһ壬ң㡣
תתҲԪת
԰ƷΪ¸ٸЧĸҪѪⷨ
ԪɢÿһѪӡ
ǴС⣬
ȻǽݾǿмʹǱķӣҪɵö࣬ҲҪݵöˡ


1264 ָ·£
ɽӡɢķ⣬ճѪ켣תš
Ԫӡÿһϸ΢ӶڷӦ˱仯
ֻʱͬҧɣ˵ĺԣǿסɲʸУһͷԪӡͷ֮Լÿʱÿ̶ڽǿ֮С
һʵо֪ӿͷ
ÿһӨ͸΢Ѫϳһʵ壬óѪɫԵ
ÿһ嶼Ǳ
ճϸжת֮ѾףȵڲѪʵѪ΢ʵ壬ɺתףɰתʵ飬תһתܹɡ
ʱԪ֮以䣬ԪҲ޷ֱ˴ˡ
ǿͣԴݻ٣
ܼݷԦƣȥ޼
Ҳڱ˿ܹԪշУҲʲô
ǲһġ
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ճջӵĿ⣬ٹעԼڲ仯ֻδչÿ̫ࡣ
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ţԼײɽײľҪԿûЧ
СѾͷ˵Ԫɢ֮󣬾ͲóԪֶΣȵһתԪҲ⵹ֻصǰģʽˡ
ԪֵȥַֺϺϣڡ
һתֻأȻĪ⡣
ճоøӼǿԪɢÿһͷÿʱÿͬʱ׳һſѪⱾԴ䣬ԷԾĺţĵš
׳Դϱ壬ȷΪʥţֻЩҪҲ׾ˡ
ϸŵʧճңŮűߺţ͵ӹ䳡ˣٴĻԺ
˵ĻܿĵЦ๫ͻ˵Ҳһ¡
ˣСӤأһ춼ճôˣ
Сһ֮󣬾Ͱһߣʱַׯ԰ˣ˵Ҫ޸ڡ
ţ԰ưܣȷһ̶סలһЩְæׯ԰޽øʿһЩǵɡ
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Լһڷڣ߽ݾİ취ȴġ
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ӹʺճЩƮ
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ʱһμʱֻԷǼǿĸ֣λɽҰƴһǺƣԼˡ
Ҳһ죬Сʦȷ˹ϵ£
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֪ĶƸоΪѪ̫ʢ˼άҲ̫ԾԭǺ¡
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ץԵһ£оֽһ㣬ȫо˿ʱޱȡ
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һ͵ĿҲվסţ߰˲
òվȣ־ǰǹϢ
ɫһ죬æˣӶˡ
㣬ûпƺѪҲǽԭˣš
ճƮƮİǽ˹ȥӵУÿһѪȷ֣ȫõҡ
ӹӦǣ˷ܣԾԾԵһ
ģԴҲİȻʧ֮ƴǱһơ
ܵùָգ֮ˡӰϲһͦ粽Ծż졭
𴸲ط棬ǰ֮ʱͻأ̽
ˡһҿ磬ͷ޺âճغ䵽
ھţóȫ
һȡսĺɱǹжеġ
ǲǧֻʬ
ճһŲϢ
һ䵽ֻԼҹӵѹ֮£һ˱ţоĪӿ֪˽
ôмܣǰӭ
ã
𴸣ҲжҲ
ԺҲ뾪
ɫ৵һ±ѩףĪ졣
Ƕĸ֣ӷֲ˹ĵѪǴģô𴸱Ӳȣ



1265 ֽǣϣ
أ
һƾ졣
ӺȻɫУǽ𴸴ſ磬Լͻ֮ƺճؿڡ
ǰ㣬ɫףһճߡ
֪๫ǿǿս֪Ȼ̲סǾġ
ڳ޹޶УԺе㲻һ
ۿɼģճǰһֿ
ؿڰȥƺܲס𴸾
ۼþҪǶˣ΢΢ݵļѪ⣬Υɣ΢΢
һһ͹֮䣬ļˮ汻һСʯӣ
ֻǸոջУͳɡ
ֱһ飬Ҳβķɵ˳ȥɣ˵һˤڵء
壬̧ȥ۶𾪡
ҲڱԼҹǹ˾
ܹǧĸַǽжļɣֱΪٷԼ˵
ȴȫô¡
𴸴ȥ֮ʱȻ֮УԼĹڸ߷֮ϣǰ޳ݵΣôĲɺ
˵òһݺԷһëû˵
ûʲôھҲûʲôʵʵڵĳһ
ʵϾ򲻶ҲȲ϶ԷӲ
Ϊ͸һЩ
̸գᡣ
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ճһֻؿһ𣬾һ˫Сᰴ⣬һɿӿͷ
۾ʮֳĳһüëչñϵĵĺֱЦá
ںЦͬʱָоš
ˬ
ѪҺ֮ʱ޿̲ڵĺһ˽ˡ
Բϸ΢Ѫɫˣһ֮䣬ͱ͸
𵴣Ѫ粨֫ٺԪͷһſŷ⣬ӳ¶Ƥ󱦹⡣
̫Сˣֹ𡣡
ճһᣬδſ۾ͼͬһſڵϿţվˡ
ԱߵԺŴ졣
ҲѹԽܡ
ǵһȥǸֽҲᱻҵñ
ùüжƾܾͽ
ôܣ
ճǺЦһ룬̽һץץԺУ˵ǹȻһ㣬ֻǶˮƽһȴпɣһ빥ɡʲô񹦻壬ôûµģģҪҲýһ
һǸ˵ġ
ûİһۣѱѪһأȻǲһ衣
֪๫üǿҪý²֡
ճһ˼ҲǿֻǴ˸ƣĿԴ
ͥͬɡ
ﾹ˵ĸߴΡ롣
Ӽһ˵ˡ
ǴʱҲĻֹ˵ճԼͻ˵ֱۣȴǶ೤һۡ
䡭
Ž䳡һػҳҶ졣
԰һҲˡ
Ժͼ˹澰
ԻԺͳΪ׵˽ƷΣֳرΧͬ˰Լҹһᡭ
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ѵӼװģŹϷ
ϸһֲ̫
ǴԼÿžžļơ
˶ܿǸûʲôȫ֡
¡¡УǺʪ飬ޱȡ
ٴһᣬ˸ţźԶصĺ
һЦеĿţʱǰҲˡ
̽һһģĺȻھš
ǲ๫ģýȥһ¿ɲԵס
ӦҲ˲ǿ
ĥһᣬյϣ²֣͸ɴҲѧЩһֻһԿϷ
СٻһԻĴ˹
ʲôǿˣƽҲû尡
˭֪ҲǵڡҲ˵ãȻ˵
ͣ˰ɣ
ճԽԽЩˬĿӼһۡ
˵һ̫ˣ뻹ǲҪ£ֻº͹Ǽû̿࣬ӣѾӵ쾳żţڡúȥһʣͻƲ̫ѣȥɣ͵⡣
ǣӣ±زӺ
ЩҧҪ̿ȥˣһĻ㻳
ճӻ֣ɢȥüͷ΢΢
ԼѪԪϵ⾧ӣһ󴸴֮£໥֮νһ㡣
ҲֻһѣԼ̫Զ
ѹ˵Ҫ塣
Ϊ鼮ڴţƤǵǿ˵ɾת֮ʲôĹͶӻ
ǸոտʼҪȥսףʵǲ֪ôд
ԣֻҪ˵ĹŴ𲽣ϣȡͻơ
ȴûϵЩ˵ĹԼ˵ͻ
ûӵ
⻹ճػ֮⼼ǿѹƣûð㽣Ԫ񣬶ֻƾӲ¡
֪ǻ˺ʵҲòȥơ
ڲϸ΢ƺõϵģֻ
һŴǹɱըһĺǵȥһЩȴѹֲס
ͻȻһ٣ͷȥһ㶡
ֻϢ֮УԼһȻʯ֣絶жһ㡣
ؼģβʯͷ˶ûиоֲȻ
һˮ֮У֪
Ʋס
ðɣǱƵȥһйˡʵν磬ӦҲ㲻ǿаɡ
̧ͷԶĴɽתͷ
ûκҲѧһѧ׻ˢһˢˡ



1266 ֽǣ£
ĵĶѨһϰŶ̿㣬վԲλӡм䡣
˷˻ŭХţһɫС
ϸۣϾۼ
֮УʱʱһġءХ
ճϹƤһ˲ͳ׺ۡ
ٹһᣬ׺۾ͱɺۣӿһƬƬѪ˿
Ѫ˿Ѫߣ۱ϣϷɢӨӨ
ϸ΢˺ۿų֣ʧͣ޸š
һ͸˷Ҳ̲סͷ
˫ȭһԹԵĴȭ
һΣôôչֽţҲûһ֮档
ֻȭͷ֮ʱų죬ռ䶼óơ
类ϸĩһȦɫ˻
ɽıڡˡһơ
ǱȭѾԶԷĿʼ
ܿ죬ܼճ˿ڳֵٶȼӿһЩ
ãҹȻûƬа
ȻһԾͰѶ翪󣬶ֻɡ
ˣ۰ܼеĹҲﵽס
ܵһЩ𣬵Ϊ΢ˣȫѪеٶȼӿ졣
ÿһͷź⣬Ǳ
ɽӡɵľ⣬ǰδеٶȣԴ
һʱ֮ͻȻһ𣬷
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ճһϲӷ֣֮ͷ뷢⣬ƺѿɳӤſ۾ĵһ⡣
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Ѫһһ˺֣ÿһѪӶڷĽ
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֮ۼû֣˵նƤѪ⡣
׶ΣֻǰͰ࣬ÿնĥǹ⣬ʮǹȫ磬ͿһתӵĪܣˮĥˡ
ճϲɫоǰƷɽӡͬˮˢһ㣬ѪԪ֮Уһ˵С
ر編󣬴һͳ˰׻ܶɽ³ǳرȥ
ƮһɹӰ֮£μ
Ǳǿ֮ҲˮǴߡ
ԪͬʱܳϷУֻ罭ʿһȫβ·
ǣٶȼ죬Ҳ˶١
ϼ죬ֻҪؽˣҲ׷ϲա
ճһԾʮɸߣڿлһߣƮȻǡ

ʱ⣬ճ˹ɣҲ
λү峿һԪȻȥ䳡żﻤԺҶһȭźͽ
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ڻԺʵǹź˺Сٻ
һ纣꣬ÿζλСӼɹǱԻѹϰ
˵ʲôϰֹƣԺԵֵǿУҲᶪ
ȫʱľޣ˶Ŀá
Ϊ򡭡

˭Сﱻôµģ
̫̫һЩۻѵүΡ
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˵ճԵεĺִָݻ
һ£Լ檶֡Ź򡱣
һɶߣ˽𻪵ʮ硣
صͷ̫̫ʱѵԼŮǲúѧϰ壬СԺҲһǰɷÿ춼һ١
ʱ˶ȻСٻʵλŵŮˡ
úܼ򵥣ŮˣδŮÿճģ
˼ڣ˼档
֪ҲЦǺǵûа
ֻûѣѾû𡣡
ִţճʵ⡣
ȻԼⷽ磬ʵԾЩ룬ʱԼⷽеĴҴҹ͡
ûԼΪ
Ϊ˼ȫû档
Ľչ٣׻е編Ѿ˳ɹ
ÿһʱ䣬ܵڵһǹ⡣
һ÷˼ǿճš
СٻıֻһǼҳ̡
ճġ񽣡쳹𻪵Ļǰ׻ôͷͷá
ͷڽ𻪳ڣճλԶǿġɽˡ
λҲ²һпоͻ԰ܡ
ʱʱҲҪһٺᣬȴִ˲ƣʵ޻˵
๫˶Ķ˵һҲϧ񡣡
һӰҲҶƮͬһ㣬һ˿̻Ϣĵͤ
һѾͱסճֱֱۣҪճĻ
ôˣòȻǳЩԸȻ峺Ӥ
ճ֮ʱǼΪʱʱĻ


1267 㣨ϣ
ܶʱ򣬺֪ǳʲôÿ춼ʮֻ졣
Կóλ֮ʱδ׵С꣬һԪ֮С
һһۣΪȻѾﵽĽ۷塣
иٶȣ˶֡
ճ΢ƲͷЦЩоʲôǶ֪Ľ𻪳УѾźܶ뱻Ҵһ٣֮ء
ţҲãٻסС㣬๫˼˵ĻȫһƵ
ճ죬֪ôش
ۡһЦСٻ
컹𣿡
СٻԾЩ䣬üۼȴǶһЩЦ⣬֪ʱѾĻָĻӡȫɢϢ
͸ǿĽһȻĶ
ͬһ㣬͵֮ͤУл񽣡
ָ޳壬ʯӿ֮ͤһһľӦ͡
˵ĸоǲѣһɽ
Ԫʱ̶׼
ʲôѾʦˣ׾Ҫﵽ˴ĥ꣬ǿǣⲻܹٳɵģҪ͵סį
նѾ¡
ʱѾĵ
Խ˵Щ¶ڰռУľҲἰ
һ£ȴǻ
ǾԿҪʼˣǸԱǣʱһѷӿʡǸϣܻùǰ;
ճ˵˿ԣھһ֮⣬һ飬ʼò⡣

ҹС꣬дһ˿˿ʪ֮⣬Ҷ֮ˮӳ⣬һϴ
߳Щ⣬
Ϻ˵ģǳһСתͷճɫСʵСٻô죿
üͷ΢΢һ£̾๫֪һ𣿡
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Ҳ˵鱾ԴˮѾɺԡ
һϢҲһϢ



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ХУâʢƣ顣
󡰺¡һͳһֵĹӰ
Ӱ滢ۣ˫ߣ˫Ŀ磬⡣
ֻһ֣Ӵƣڷžһ죬ȫըϡá
ճƱϲĹ۲ԼֵĹӰԽԽ棬ҲԽԽǾϲ
ӰϤЩϹеһͼף˵ʮ֮һա񣬴񡢼֮࣬͡
˽շܿ϶ľתȷǵʥţͼڣ֤
˵мλʥи֮Ŷ֮޳ߣȡ״ȡ׾ѪݳתţΪʥһ·
ڵųƾתڷųư˾ʵһֹ񻰴˵ǶľŹݣǿĵˣҲĻ˵Լǿɼһߡ
ֻŹƺתҪķѵĵرܿǺһתΪƷɽӡ⣬ǧ籾Դˣǰ編󡣡
һ˵ĻûôֱȡⲹԪ񣬺ܿһҲһת
˵ľתɡս춷ˡ
ճ˫ȭսƳʯһҡΣһѹʯңҡҡλεľҪ
ֻ߳ڣ˺һǣʱ޿̲Ԫڡ
תѾʾ
һת֮Ѿ޷ԪĶת䣬Ǵͨ
ԺĽػһЩãܴﵽ˵С΢ɽǳ
Ժ֣ճĳȣֻɽ䣬ʡ
ɽɽ紵ųɣҰһƬԶǳɫ϶Цݣ鼫á
ڽЩӣԼҲһ޳ɡ
ܻһˮƬشԼӡ
ϲӳʵ
ԶԶ
ӰҷӰֱɽ
һŴۣͷΣϵһ˫¹Ƥѥװû次
仹һƤʣΪϸ
ðɣлӨڴ˷Է
ˣڣã±˲֪Ľһ㣬һĻ
ճŮˣ˷ͱ¶ԡ
˵ڣء
ˮɣǳԲǻĳֶȤζ



1272 һת£
лӨԶһ׳˶Ӱȵɽ·һһܵ
ɽɽ

лһ޴ɫڽ𴸡
ʮоͻһľһ㣬ڶš
ճͷ
βͿԿóǽ˷֮Ҳõô˼󳤽
˵ֻҪŰȷչĻᣬɢ˸֣ܻһɳ졣
Ҳ֤˿λҪԡ
磬˲ѰǻԵѵá
λ涼ƿţһһܳ˲š
ɢ֮УֻһЩΣյ֮п尾һݻᣬʮּѡ
Ҫı䣬Ҳûа취
Ҵ֮УӶ
Ͷڵ۹һƴɱ
ַʽҲ⡣
ճ㣬ֻлӨΪ䣬ʹѹեЯһѣǧ껢Ҳȥͺѵˡ
һ㣬֪Ҳǳ
ӵܣ˵ǧ껢ɱɱҲܷһëµġ
ֱҩٶ࣬ԼӵҲˡ
ʵϣճʵ̫ǿ󣬰Ѵ˷λһɨգƾԼչҲҪʲôʱܻôʱɾ͡
ȨҩãָУǰ·ǡ

ԶһɫӰԾ裬ûлӨҲûͣȴһ˵鶯
Ǻˡ
ЦһͶ֣ʹܵճУһѾͱס
๫һХ֪ҪˣǹɣҪôףźã
λõЦţҧ촽¶׻һֱСһ㡣
øԶһХˣȻʱʱעɽϡ
ճһůԴЦȷϲ£ûеģֻСöѣҲȻֵףˮϯɣɣ˵ϲ
һ죬һۣȴûе棬ĵճŤһ£˵˵
ȴӦҲðˮϯˣԼ˿磬һ¡
ճЦǺǵĵͷǺ֪Լû˵ٻʵϲˣֻ֪кθ룿
ܾϲɡ
ǰҹ֪ոպ뻳֮ʱճ͸оȶ
Ѫǣͬ͵У֪ܲôһ¡
뵽ԼվһŨīزʣճǳɾ͡
ӾԼһתɾ͵ǰҹ֣֪ܲŴ˫ƺһת֮ҵѪ֮Ҳǿʢࡣ
ճȭͷбըһ
˼Ǽ䣬úڶ˵๫ǲְڿˣԷƵģ
ĵİһŵ˹
ճһȣһȥ˵
ں˵֮ʱлӨЦʿ˹Ī̡
תͷȥճǿӾܷ沿һһģȻǿЦ
˳磬ԽѧдһΡΪС˵ùŴȥȴ˿˸
˵ڰ׻Ѩ֮ǿˣЩ˾ʹųಲ
ճֲϰڻεŴȭŶ̿йˣһλһ
Ҳѵú񲻷ÿζ׼µȴš
ճѲڴңµĿлӨˣЦ˸ɽʮֺһˡҲãԿ
һ˫۷ŹղɽХȻͼ˴ֱͬ״ʮֺδţδӳ빫ָ㼸С
жӳе˳ڣ㵱ź˵©죬ͷЩ˼
ֹеĻҪͬһ·ӵĸ֣Ǹ֮á
лӨΪ޽ճ̵СٻʱͻʱʱĲȥ硣
ÿϰ֮ʱճ˵ָ㡣
ܻõܶõĺôɹ
ӸոɽȺ˳ܿóˡ
ͬΪĽ۷壬һأöԷ׷
ز֮ٶȲ޹ֻͣ˾羫
˷磬ʱлӨҪһЩǷǷ
ʵȴǱлӨϲ١
ʵǺ
ȥԼлӨʵǻָһЩ
ʱ˻ᣬĻץס
Ҳ˿׵Ĺؼʱٶȡλһĵκһ涼ƫϡ
Ҳศɡٹľϡ
ˣʱ֣ҪսʤճҪļٶôƿʩΪ
ɽ֮ʯԹ񣬸οǰ
лӨЦÿҲЩ档
ƽԽϰʱֻճһĪ⣬ܻκһֽǶȷ
ؿı仯ƺ켣̺С
ÿһ֮ʱоѹޱȣƳһǱһƬհס
ңȽʱоʲôôºϸϸ˼ͻȻѡ
ΪҲԲǡ
һ£ǹһ£ɵ˼·ҲҪķʽսճôģܸԼʲô
ߵ·ӲͬȡʤսճȻýָ㡣
ʵճ⡣
һתɾ֮Ѫ֮ȿɸԪΪһ壬ֿʱֿ
ֻÿһÿһѪⶼƿ֮С
ըһʱ
ԼÿһëܱٿսҲ֪ǲĳִ
õ飬ȻԼǸֽ档
Ǿʹһ
Ȼʵһ㣬һϺö֣ʱҲǿĶ֣Ҳֻýͽͣʤޡ
ճ˫Ųԭأһ޷ӭʽǰ죬Цȹҿٶȣ㱣ͬһˮƽ
ã
ϲ
ͬٶȹУ⵱Ȼá
Ҳûбӵĸоֻûϲ
׵ãƿƣҪͻޣҪȱڣ֮㣬ܷٽ
ճѹڸһٶȳ֣óֶκͼ
ԭϿ˵Ҳܹóġ
Ļճʤٶȣͨһֱȭȥһܹסÿʧȥսıˡ


1273 ƿأϣ
˷ܣ˫ֺմѣһߡ
²˷ңǰͻ
Ϊٶ̫죬Ӵͳ֮£ǰһ͸Ĳơ
ͷ˶ɵľءһڳ֮ʱر
䡱һը죬ڽ޴һƬ硣
ͳ֮УŰӿΡ
֮ƺԼĹ⣬ҲΪԼʵȻʤһаʽҲöӳóȫӦ
ȷŵıǮһʽǰ˷Ԫȫǣ
һȥնǴӰɽʮֲ
лӨɫһ࣬ЩĿһۡ
ֻԼԼĲʵӦǱȲԼģʱŶԷȫ֣ž
ԭһﲻ֪֮УҲ˵زˣһƶɽء
ƾ׾ɣսһҲ
ԼĽȻޱȣ治һӮ
ѹֵնӳ֮ʱԸԼȥ塣
ȣ־죬ܻΪرʹߣȷԽսʸ
Ĺ;ԲˣսȴһҲ
лӨͺһҶֹ׾ɽһƣʵںܲýӡ
ճȴǸоһ
˸ŤŤӣȥͿʮ㡣
⵹ҲˣϡǣһȻ޴󣬵Ӵͷֱ֮бȫһ
еĻٽеȴǻù
ܵԪǣţתԲȦߣײš
ʮԪȻòһɡ
һʵ֮ۻˣ˲ˣ
һĻճ죬ֱĿá
һ򽫳˷߳ɣԪ˷Ѿųɣ·ƻζٶţ
ҡҡͷʵ̲ס̧ұۣƮƮһȭӡ˳ȥڴͷ֮ϡ
ˡ
ȭӡϴͷһ졣
ֻұ۰ֱû׮ƣҲûеšСһ㣬ַܡ
ҲУ
лӨĿɿڴ
ճ֮ʱ㲻ȫӦԵʮּѣٻᵽеСǳĹɡ
һȭȴʲôˡ
ƮƮ֣óЧȴޱȾ㤡
ֻޱȣ籼׼һʽǰȭͷһӡͻȻס
ۿɼģͷƫб˷򣬺ųַɳ
ֱ֨֨šɹĽǶȡ
žž죬ںͼؽѾλ
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ûŪô£Ѿɶڰоʧȥƣֽź졣
ԶԶĿײðصһɽ֮ϣлӨһʹ
ȡʤʤʱָΣ
澪ֵʮǱģлӨ񣬡Цʯͷȫѹĸоôɡ
ҲЦһ
λνܲͷƽԼ๫Եù֮⣬һߡĿ޺ܣ԰밲ʺõĴҲǲࡣ
Ӧǽġ
һȭӲػܻɥɡ
ȴŮ˵ЦʻӶţֻǴһԣüͷͻȻʵүոճֻ֣һɣ
ɣ
ݡ
ȫһлӨһ˿ŵɫ
ֻͰʮһɶʲô
ֻھвᡣ
һ˿ȻתлӨ̾һȭԺŬķ򡭡ҵܴʵ϶´˿ûһȭȴǰٷְٵƿԪһ˫ɢȻǴݿ࣬
ԭˣлӨʱ׹ôһ˵ˡ
Խƺƴ󣬴ɽʯɽĹùԽࡣ
ƿʵÿһÿһ㹥Ҫĵطɢ
ҵǺܺˣһȭֻȴ֪ó˹ӱļȫǻʯͷٽһȭս
лӨΨ²ҵЦ
Ҫһԡ
ץסұۣһƣꡱ죬ͰѾʵĹؽںˣޱص
ʱȡЦȻЩҲס
һ̣ʲôս˼ûС
ֿ׵ȭʲôûеõõֻдܸС
ʵܣֺγ
ճЦš
ͿԴ˷֮ƾűĽ۷ľ磬ǿЩ԰ˡ
ǰ;һƬã־֮󣬾ͻ˾裬Ҳء
ճǿԸºش󷽡
Ҫһߣʧη֮ĵ¡
ʱͷһʱ
лӨ˵ճЦЦ͵ҸոͻƣͼһЩ򣬻治֪ԼȫʲôӣҲգǿˡ
Ҳƣһ飬һȭһŴ֮ϡ
ȭ֮ʱʢ֮
˾ȵĿȭ𴦣һֻɫͷ֣˫Ŀ⡭
жɷۣɫͷ磬һâֱֱڲԶɽʯ֮ϡ
װľɽ죬һɽۺݺݵĶ˶
ǰֻ̳գɽȻʧ
ֻһСԭء
˼æˣٿճ֮ʱѾ֪˵
ʲôɢȻݵɽǴ֮ϣǹࣿ
һʲô뷨ҲûˣֻǴĿɽ˵
ãԼΪʲôʲôɣʵǲֵһˡ



1274 ƿأ£
һȭЧճԼҲǼΪȣûг
񻰴˵еһЩ֮ΪΡ
ͨĺһ쵽ŰӣЩǿɽǱͷܡ
Ҳץеһ֮ʱͻűʼⲫ
һ÷÷ֻҪϺñͲҪԭﰡ
˵Լ׷ܻܿ˳һȭ
˾ת֮Ȼֻǵһתɣճͷ֡
һȭԪֲԼľɽʯĽṹȫǰ
ƼƽԣԪͷƿصϸ΢湥֮£
ղŵʾ
ȭϴŴɣٴɽʯ
ƾʵѾ㹻ˡ
û뵽һ֮ͷЩԾ
ֻһÿһͷ뻶ȸԾţѪͬʱԪҲͷ
ǹɾԪĲٿ£ͻȻԣʵ飬޿ײ룬ԶԷĹ㡣
һȭ֮£ɱĩһ㶼δġ
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˽ͬʱӿһ֮ĩ
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ĬһСᣬĽâȥ
֪ܿԪ;ǲԪͬɵӦ
ֻֿһУһеѾǿ
ϸȴǲøлӨ˵ˣ˵Ҳס
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ǰû˼
ͬĵһΣҲԹ۹⿴˵ˡ
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ǺǣԪƿ΢ﱾ֮Ҳ˵ģǲ̫֡
ճڳ⡣
ʵҲ֪Ϊʲôֻ˵ǾתˣȻϸ˵
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лӨУճĿ¶˼֣ǹȼֱҪڻ
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ģ
ճЦ
ȤˣҲֻǿͷ£ʵϱ˭֪Ԫڵѵʵûжġ
λ͸ʵһЩ
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磬׾磬ҲͿԽ壬۹Ԫ׵¡
ճ˫أԷŹлӨﰵҡͷ
ҲԼٽ´һЩʵʵ
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˵׷ǺõģŻ£浽ô
ܲܳɾԪ񣬴ﵽףʵǿộջǿ컯
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ЩҲ̸ȥˣ˾Ž𻪾ƣٲἰ˽顣
Ͼ׽ˣҲô̽һЩ˽
Ȼøèһ㣬ҲᶢȥΪʲôճһȭữͷ­
Ϊʲôῴ֮еÿһȱ©֮
⣬ʵǸ˵ġ
ңʦͽУҲû˻˵̫ϸͷΡ
˵ְֵĽ̵ˡ
ô˾ǲɵϣǴ
лӨʵҲ̫ʧ
ֻҪǰͺá
Ľ۷壬ҪĶҲµĲûйҲûбǿǰ·һû⡣
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ճоǣɽһĻ֮󣬺֢ҲûУǾлӨ̬˼֣Ҳ֪ʲô̼
̬ȣԵùЩ
˼Ǻò¡
˭ҲãͶҲգ٣һ㹻ǿǿ˾밲ĵϴ󣬲ֵ׷档

ϳǣš
һȥ̲죬ˮһɫ
Ƕĳˮͳ̼żţ˴ȴǴྶͥ
ǽ϶࣬Ҳг
ֻЩײͷɹڵĺӸˣ𻪳ǵİЩ롣
ζŽƮһЩ˽
߹Щк񣬾ͻþ۹⿴
Щ˻᲻䣬ĹҵģӦǲ
ʮľĽ׹һճʳõƷʹҴҵ̤ϴȥ
ƺƬأǷУ̶Ѩ
๫ҶˣԸͯҲԸҳš
﷢ߺ۽ƺźۣȻǲǰ޹ӡ
Աһͯȴ鼫ãһװĴɫЦֲЦ
ǲԸ̼˵顣
ճΰˣǳŸϿȥʡݣܴͯȴǲܴģǻɺͳ
˵ڽ𻪼ҴҵģݻҵҲ벻ƼӣҲڵʱ䣬Ҫˡ
˵Աߵġͯɸ̾ȷҲ֪ʱԼһˣӦлӨͯ
ʱȣ̬ճ̾ͺˡ
ȻװλͯҲ̫㡯ˣѩü۽ַ飬һƷöү˿ˣŪûỵԼ
һ˵Żճȴǲ쿴һбԴˡ
עУΪˮΣֻǾۼһЩ̾ͱת
ŹĺôܰԪ̫ˡ
ĵرǱԴǶơ
𻪳ھǱѾҪľҪ˱Դ͵ÿԴ
ȡֻгŻȡˡ
˴γŸϿȴڱС
Σ˵ĻȡҪĿġ
һ㣬ȴø˵
ճлӨ˵Σæ˹ԲˣҪȥͯɺã
Уǻȥأִֽŵģô̺๫ϴ壿һۣûĺߵʵֻЩᡣ
Ȼ֪๫ǿᣬС£ǿˣܶһһɵͨ۷ָ棬ôҲᰲһЩ
ֻˮ治½·Ҳ֪๫ΪҪˮ·
ѵ֪˷·Ѿ·
˿ݹһЩЩǵ΢΢ü


1275 Ľˮϣ
һɫлӨڵʲôճһʹɫЦǰסְοӣˮ··ڹȴ翵ׯ밡ʲôǿˣܱȵʹɽ׻ɣôڹ޶գˮʵǲֵһᡣ
ǣ˶˵ˮѲ궼Ѫ׶ýǡ
νң߶߶Ĵ־һС˰ĵġ
ʱ˵أҲֻǵһѡ
ʵﵹҲδжôĽˮʲôǿʵ
Զﴫͷлĵ֡
һֻĻܹ˵ɹһֻɽè˵ʥʵ׼
лӨȴģ¶ԵɫҰ׻ռ˴˴ͷҪ֪ǰ˴̾Щˮ˿Ƶġ
ǵҲǡÿЦ䣬ֶճ๫ϿҪⴿһ̰ʣҲ˼㿷ǵȥذ
˵Ż͵͵һлӨʲô˼ʿ֪ˡ
ճЦãİɣ͵ҵĺϢ
ֻҪ๫ƽõϢˡ
ʵûжճٵġ
ЩϢƽﲻôעҲ֪ģ֪ȥܿܲõõĽ
𻪴ԪɽżһϱȴʲôϢû©
ԪɽԪڳְȨúܣӰܵ𻪵ǣҪںݴкȴ׾١
ٹ໤֮£ճҪһȡ»ۡ
˵Źʦ
ʡǣ˵裬˭Ҳ֪ʲô顣
ܵһ԰ɣ˰ףȥˣδڸ̫̫ǲ˵˵ȥ㣬ݼڱӡ
лӨ˵
ǲһ㣬ο񣺡ҿЩµķӿϾˣһֱڽ𻪲ٳţϽġΪֹ׻Ѿ׽ˣʮһ̽ڶһǿˡºԪɳ֣Ҳйʦ
Ԫŵˣ϶̵ƣùȥһ·ʿãˣܸöԸ
ճ˵ɫףæֹסлӨ˵ЦЩֻǰ֣ȴ޷
赭д˵ţȴźͺһۡ
ǵȻ
ŮͷǣվԶҲΪȻ
зԣ޷ǾǿԱ£𻪵ȴµ˭

죡
ճˣ˴󴬣롣
뽭˳ˮ﷫
һŰɫѪĴڷ죬洬Ŀ֮лж
ǲ̫ĿŵˣΧĻֿ²㡣
һŵѣŷˮϸ꺺ǰ¿ѾһЩ洬뿪֪ͨˣ˶ãܾܿͻӭһơ
ǰ׻ŷ磬ϢͨڽˮŴ԰Ҳ֣׷Ľ֮У׶ԷĶʲô
ŹӺڴϣǲã˷ʡ¡
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ֳ˫лӨһλڰ׻еһһְʵǲŷһһ壬Ҫĸ֡
Ѱ˵ʵѾ㹻ˡ
ϴģʮɺӣִϥѪɱ֮
ǰ׻þר˾֮á
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֮ǰˮ·⣬ʵй˼ɡ
ΪĽˮĻ壬ͬʱ׻޵ĸ֣ˮսһҲ̫ͨ
Ҳֻ½뽭԰ﱣžˮˮ̬
μȻĻϰҪͨ·Ǿûʲô˵ˡ
ǰǵɽҲôһ
԰ͽǴ˵еˮֻ֣ҪǾ͸ƴһƴ
׻˾ķżĹճȴٴմлӨ˰ӣ̸Ц
ʱʱץѣһڡ
Ĳһֻǵǰˮ˲֡
Ҳŵԭ
һͲ¶Էˡ
ֻͨ˽·Ҳûʲô
ЩʱܺãһЩǮ˿ڣ˵˳˳ͨУƣȫһˡ
԰ǿˣôҲð׻õĴֻ
ΪҲĽֻۣ˱ǧ
νһɽݶͬһˮ·֮ϣҲˡ
ο԰￴һ½ϵİᣬˮи̣ʵԼˡ
ʮˡ
ڳģƺܻһꡣ
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ӳĿԴɣһڽˮϰˮˣҶκβãﻹˣˮ֡
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ճһǰڴ֮ϵֳìˡ죬ź⡣
׼ˡ
ˮ˵ǵҵ֮ӽˮľռҽ֦ɢҶɡ
˽ʱգûϯµĺŽˮ֣ƽɱ̰աѪĽ֮
ڽ𻪵ش԰֮׻ûҪࡣ
Щ֮˰׻ٲᵣĶֻǽһЩ߲ƣͿɳͨ衣
ˮˣȴʮа˾˲ʧ
ҵǣ˶ȫʬһƤ⻹ιǳ
Щֲˡ
ˣϳˮҲͽķˣûͨС
ˣˮ˻ʱʱĻذӰգڿ಻ԡ
Ҳûеʵʩ˷ˣ֪ΪΣʼûġ
ճ𻪵ʵԼһĶֵء
֮ԣ˺˯
Żвǰһʱ鲻Ҳ˻
ͷԴˣľתҲһתɣ˿С
ַʡԣ˳·һˣͰˮ·
ȻҪĿģҪȥĽһϽһƴͼҪһˡ
һ˵αԴǱġ


1276 Ľˮ£
ճ˴ֻǳ͢ˮʦ͹ٴܳʮˣһα׻ʹãҲﾡá
ԭˮʵͻ񶼻硣
ǶʱֻǿˮˮӪһЩˮڰһС⡣
˵˷ˣЩõķͽϰȥǵԴ
ܵ˵Ϊ԰Ĵڣ𻪳ǶˮĿԼ㡣
ˣôҲǧҹٷ콢ǽıˡ
ʵڴˣˮʦһɽ֮Сսֻ԰Ｘγͻ֮ЩֻĲǳڽףǱԷ²ջ١
ǣ԰ˮϵԽӴ󣬶ˮʦҲԽ˥
ʱգ֧ˮʦѾȡ˷ţʿҲ׹ˡ
ճһɨˮ·𻪣Ҳû˭оĵҸ԰ˮһӣȫһεĶˡ
ʱ׻һȻոǿǰսҲһ顣
һ죬ǰˮƽ˳ˮµģмʮͷʻ˳˳ӿȺһݡ
ÿһС϶о׳ڵĺӼֽУ赶ǹĿš
˸ǰͷֳɣͰ
С󷽣Ҵ󴬣ӭһҹ˫󷫵ĸ״󴬡
Ϲĵ죬һŴڴͷΪһλ׳ɫ
һһԱס
˫ž޸Ƴۡ
ܴ赾һ㣬˳ط졣
лӨһѳֻһۣɫЩȻ԰ﾹȻ㳲ˣһǴ׻죬ͱѡ

ճЦЦǵһοлӨָẈ̂ҲЩ档
ƽһֱ԰׻£ķǿܱߵİɵȴǲ̫ע
ֻ˵Ů˺ֶΣѰ׻Ūϣ˹أý𻪵Ǹڶ̶̼ʱ֮ڱ̫ƽƱȹٸҪ
Ȼ֪սΣƾݹˮƽҲ޻˵
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ΪʱлӨ²ӪҲˣƫƫþƾ
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Ե԰Ա󽫣ų˫øͷӽǮ֣ùӵԬһ֡
лӨ٩٩̸䣬Ȼʱ׼
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лӨ׺Ի˵ɫڣô˾Ҳ¶Цݣ˵ֺײ¾ҶԹóʱգɱеһԱ󽫣ҪӱȽϺʹûйԽΡ
ճҲǵͷ
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Գ߿ĵ£üðŭƲԳԷƣֵǣɱһ
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1277 뻢ڣϣ
ˮȻĹǰŵһЩˮԼõ򣬴ѡСˮﳤһС֮ѵ֮
Щ˵̫ǿ󣬵ˮȴܲá
ǴʼһʱˮУһڴϣȥ½ȥҪȻһЩ򣬵ˮԡȴǼΪͨ
ܵˮģһҪ֤ġ
һˮٶȣǱˮеԣˮб
һˮսʱ䣬˼Լˮ
һ㰴ʱӣҲ˵Щˮܱʮϡ
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ʮλ׳ųУǰֳܵϮлӨĺʮλݺӿǰһУӦ
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ЩȫŽ̴澫ֳֶ֮üˮ̣ΧһȦң룬Ҳ֪ô
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λͷ˺۵꣬һϢӨ⣬ȻѾﵽڽҲƵһСˡ
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1278 뻢ڣ£
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ү˵ϧӣȴǺءһ굽ͷ֪滵ŮӣһȻҲ飬ϧǿϧ
ôһû˭ү±סȫʬģŮ˾ѰЦ
ְɣȻɱͶûȥˡǸĹҡ
ԲĺִǮо޸һڣǰһܣֺǰ
ǰֺ׷ˣһѣ죬ҪѪʱɱǰѾȲҪǰһѩǰܡ
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ȴһԲָ֣Ϊ׺ÿը
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Ϲ΢΢˻һ裬¶
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ͷ­һĴ趯ž죬СľβֻһɨмСϡãʮˮ塰ءһըһ̯Ѫˮӳ˽档


1279 ٣ϣ
վڸ߿տȥܿ壬ͻȻֵȻһƬĴ㡣
һЩͬǣͷ­ˣݡ
ͷϷһһ㡣
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лӨոհΣ֣תͿ㣬ɵѿڶ
ʵǣڽ𻪳Уճϲǰ׻ǸЩ˲ٹ
ЩֵлӨʱ㣬뵽ģжΣգôѲ
һжӪܸԼٺô

лӨһճɫһ䣬æѵ
оö˵˵лӨ˵ʵޡ
Ȼڰ֮жȻһˮ˳Ŵȥ֮Уһ⣬ΪʸлӨ
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һѺۣŹԷٶȥ桢ִܣѺһ壬顣

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1281 ޼ϣ
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СѾһǴ˼ҳŵĻҲǼòӡ
ѾһЦ󷽵˵ˣҲνʫľٰߣʵϣţһǰʡǣԵ
궼УҲûʲôϡ棬ճһˡ
֪˵ʲôͷȴҲ̫ģ޷ǾպĴˣ黳
ѾһЩҲ˹ȥϵһҾ޴ĺ֮ϡ
ŵƽʣŹ֮ʮλѾЦӭͣЩȫɵİǴ
ȻҲһЩ˲ûеõĴǴԺᣬвɫ
һ˾ͻǰӭҲмӣӭ봬ϡ
ͬȴǷֳŵȡ
ͱǰӭճģѾĸԵøһ
ҲЩһ԰ĿʱĽͷӶ
ȻʢǾȴ֮ˣͷǰ·
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Ǳ˵㣬ǳĽύ
ոյѾ˵λҲֻǽԵ
Ϊ̴󻧣һЩʿҲǳ£οֻͬ
ִһ㣬Ǽˣһ۸ᣬԸѣҲ㲻϶顣
ϵôճͼ˼һԼ񣬸Ƿϳǣ׼䣬һͷ֮У֮һͿ磬ʫٿʫƣ֡
ճ沨ڷа
һᣬ͵˿ʱ֡
ϯ֮ϡ
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ȴ崺磬ʱʱĲЦ̸䣬˶ñ䡭ʮλѾԵƷ̣㣬ǲ˽ϦϦ
ģλرɫҲ¶ǲŻǷȣ߳ͬ٭ֹһٱ
⼸ˣҲǵõ˾أõڶѧ
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Բʶʲô뷨
ճȼѣ֮³ǣҲһ
˿ƿǰϦݵĸͣʵֻǲѧò
ճٹһ۽Ƭ̣ȥط
ȴһ˳ᵽԼ֡
˭˵˵ģŷǹª˰ɣ참ľֲĲɷ书ˣĿ⣿
书
һɤЦԭ˰ҲһˡοƿǾõ£ȴʲô书ەFڣҵǳмֲѧʫҲ㲻ףϧλȴû
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ü̬ɫ죬ƺǺ˲پơ
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֡֡͢ԪּλһλϣţҲ쳹ǣأƾλ书ܺáҲһϯ
˽ŷγǰףҲճֻǰڴ֮ʱͼɳλѾĸճѵõ
Ҫ֪ÿһθĽʫᣬҲŽġ
˵ʱȥ˶ѣ֮˵Ҳ˼ҵ
Ҳ֪˿Сһ㣿ѵΪ˧ͻ˸߿
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ȻǱ˲ѹҲʲô˵֤ճȷ
ʵȻ֪ô˼˵Ķ
𻪽ЩΪ̫֮Щ·Ĵ󻧹һ϶Ǩȥڳеģû̫ʵ
ǱΪŰԪɽ壬Ҳǽġ
ǻΪˣ²ֶβŵԳɹδ˼ֵ̡
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˵ˣΪ׻Ϯһ£ļλҲߵþ⣬ʣµĴ󻧣Ǿͱ˵ˡ
ˣЩž͸ˡ
ԲѧӰ첻˵ҪҲ˵Ҫ
ǰĽѧەFҲֻǰѰ߸ʵڳƲϳ͡
һ㣬ͿԿ𻪳ǵ˥΢
ʱ˼λ壬ˣȫûл֮
̧ľѹԷһͷ˵书ǾͳԶˡ
ȷ͢Ĺٺõ书޷ǶӮˣһƥ֮£ʵûʲô˵ġ
ôѧ书ǵһȣ
ѹڼ˱֮ʱöдһŴŴ
ʮֱ䣬ȴָ
̧ȥͼλ˱ĵһͯվ
ǰע⵹ǲãʱϸȥȫһ
ͯͿ죬ϼü߲ʣǳĶҡ
ǵȵͯߵУһվַ˶Σ΢΢ЦĽգֱƲ۾



1285 էϣ
ˣ
λȫɵۡ
ٴʱҲλͯʲôͯһ
ǰһԵü۳ԺȣȻû
ӯӯЦſϷˣҲһֱ壬һ˿ɫ
ߣ
ЩлӨɫһ䡣
ڹչһڡ
ԪӿŴӽ˽
ĻƮ裬÷ҷ
ʿһվŵģŵģбŵģȫһ
Ҳֱֻ縺ǧ
λΪ߰٩٩̸ŷӣʱȴͷ󺹣ͨһſڵϡ
֫ŵأͷ˵ϣֻͷ󺹣ôҲ
⶯ԵüΪ΢ɫҲʮ־֣ǰȷεģˡ
˶ˣƺһεѹŷϣɡ
ƾȣҲҿҼҹӵ书ǺЦ
лӨϢһգĽ۷ͬһ㣬Щ޸֮ʶʲôԵǿᡣ
мЦһЦɫ˸˻صճ
ճЦõĿ˿ŷһƬʪۣŵתͷ˼Ҿǹ񫣬һֺαأ߰ɣȥúϢһ¡
˵ͷ¾Ʊ˸˸ճͳ˴մβûһЩš
书һͯó书
ڼžȫ৵ۿ塣
ŷи͸ŷߺ޲ƽֱԵ
ҪλųľͷϣԼ
ŭ֮ʣ˿ӵ£Ѿʱȴ
ҼǺճȴǰˡ
˶ŭͬܡ
ոɽ纣ѹ书һٲôϤˣҲףȫǽˮƽǿɳΪʿĴʦˮ׼
֮ϵΪ
ô书ݣ

̭֮ˡ
磬Ұң
Ϊ͢ȻУǧĹ˼ά֮£һֱͳΣʿӣҺͬһ£Ĺһ黰
һĽ˻ѧһЩׯްʽ˭˵һ书ܺá
ˣڹүʿȷʲôǡ
ֻҪ˭鷸ƣùٸ֣ҪȡҲʲô¡
Ϊһ书վвƵ
ӺͲν书ãҲֻܱȱ˶һ߹
ο书飬ҲһһյѧֻҪ츳Ǯƣ˭ѧϼ֡
ôڳ͢ڹٸѧڶС
һ仰£ӥȮ֣ѧѧҲû
֮£ȵȻȨλѧ֮˵ĵλ͸߲ȥ
⡣
׶ΣԪᾳüߵĵλͨѾһȫһ
䱾ʣǾ֮Ͼĸ֣ѾӥȮܶԸġ
ǹүҲÿͿķΪϱ
ۼЩĽͨĽ״ʦǸ˵ˡ
ʵۣҲò֡
ţƥһŭѪߺʦѾвҵɲó͢ӡ
Щû˵ѧˡ
ôӼһʦ
˶лӨôһ磬ȫ޹أǿˡ
ⲻˣ˵Ƶġ
ͯŮӵĿ϶Ǹǿ󣬻᲻Ƿݵأ
Ҫ벻һӣǾǰԼ˵ļһٸ߸ߣɵλϡ
ʱѿҲνˡ
ǶҲ
ܣƣʱ߹ϺþƲ͹ȥǰӱ˾ƣδܾˣˣǽþԱźţһзԸ
ǣˡ
ܺͬѾ˳΢΢˸ɫûʲôͳȥ
۾ֱЩ˻һڿˮʮۡ
һзԸĻɲ˵˵ѣָǣ۶ԷʲôҪ󣬾ҪޣҲø߸˵ӦС
βĽú۾
˲ںݸĺ̨ңֵŮڶ࣬ʲǸ˵ˣɽеġ
ôһˣȫͽţŵĿƿѾδսʤ
ңԺĹ;Ҳߵú˳
ģʵԺ󹦳ˣ֮ʱշһ°ˡ
Ҵ嶼ôµģҲຮʿһԾţӴ˴ͬ
ʱľʲô¼
ȵн𻪳Űѡն͡ɨƽ¼˵֮ۻ˼ûˣأԴϵŷ
һǵҲһܹӵģ
סһҲˡ
ٴο壬Ķˡ
СӲǶ
˵Ŀ⣬Ŀɿڴ
ϻƤΪ˱ˣҲӵԼ
ԭȻƤʵϻƤƤˣ᲻Թޡ
ֻǸġͯرȴǴϡƽҲ˵
ҲһЩôţʵǲһԼĽ𻪰ףǿ˱ȽԵЩ̫
룬Щ
ľֻˣշʦԵͯŮʮ־㤡
ԼΰҲûȥ
ǵ˼ճڳͻִָᷢЩ龰ʮơ
һϹԱνӢ˵ĳһλͬѧڴѧʱ򣬸ȥ⡣
ȻЦ⣬ǺˣıȵǵĹٷźãԵ㣬ԺֱϵĻᡣ
ʱһλ֪˵λͬѧúܴ뼸ٸڡ
Ȼ˶±ˡ



1286 է£
ƽȣʫڽţȴѾǰļȻ𣬱ЩȻζˡ
ǰͷļλʱ˵ǫѷּûƣവ֮У˲ò̾һȫӡ
ҺôҺõĳУƺһδɽѹͷ
ŷڻǷԼӵʵ˱УҲƵĻ˲ңٲ֡
֣ճûȥᡣ
ĿɿѾлӨŹ֮йŴϥ
Ϊϰжʱ䣬һ˶ͰѾ飬оԼջ
Щŵʫᣬ˵ʵûʲô˼ģͲһ·ϵˡ
ڱƾˣҫ棬ٷƣⶼ顣
Щȴǿпޣֻ;еһСС˻˳ֶΪ֮
õõĽϲʧȥ˻Ҳûʲôֵϧġ
ˮӢǰĽˮռıΪ˴һϺñãⶫƷʣСѾͷֻǻԡ
ճȴǺѵõһö
߰˿龧߲ʻ֮ϣûԼĽ֮УЩȸԾ
ĺسʵɫ˿˿Դ·ֶһɫ⡣
ɫ΢΢ҫԵңһ鶯Ʈݵĸо֡
ճУ˻ӽ
ֻ࣬Լëﵽٰʮģ
ץȻԸоëֹѪиУֱ᲻÷¡
ֻһ֣նɱһеˣһĪĺг֡
СѾͷĻ˵ѾΪƷΪˮӢֻڽˮ֮вɼɣƷʲûиߵȥֻƷġ
ܰѱزͺܲˡ
ʣµģһСѣԼʮ߰˿ˮӢҲ˸顣
ǾǿɾⷵԪ뵽ȥԾתת
Ԫо
Ȼþת̸һﵽתһתĵ·ߵøԶһЩŹƽһ
ЩҲǰյԸζСѾͷѣճûֻ˷֮С
ǿˣԸȻмǿϣȴǱҵͷѻġ
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ºٲҪѴʱȥྻԪ񴿽һ
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һǣԪɾ֮ȡڤڤ֮оͻеõ˺ôͻܵһЩǣ
ƶϢ֮Уȫܲ
˴ʱճԪǿݽ겣ſס
նԺ֮õһžԸӣʱյʮֳ죬ùǿºȴǲ֪Ϊ˽𻪰ţ
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ȻԱ⣬ֺγơ
һһ֮䣬˭˵
ȻУճʵԼҲõô
ǣԸȴǲ׼ȥˡ
ˮѾİԸѪϢԹ
ʳ֮ζ֮ϧ
ðɣ
ŷٿһᣬճ;;Ҳȥᣬͺúõ
Ȼռ֮лһջճȴǲǡ
·ߵԴرߣص׵һȪʮϲ֡
ˣ͵Լʵ
вš
ЩԴˣճʳҪҪһЩ
ʣ겻ʳֻǲͷ¶ҲȻ
û˵Ĺʵͻͣǰἱ

ĺ֮ʱˮӳбͽִ֮һɫ졣
ɫȻǽ𣬱ųɫߣʮˡ
һճԹˣΪ20%а֮⣬ʱȻʮּ
ΪʵԵǿãһΪ˸жζ
а֮㡣
ճǿ˷ܣ֡
һŽۣ͵ķԾˮ棬ճһץס
һԾ͵ģţ˿˿ˮ
Ҳ˲ûеճЦݵһҧ£оһŨֱǸ
ÿһϸÿһڻ衣
ĿãŻ۾ĳһ̾ϢЩʵǺöϧҲδ̫һЩ
ԪǿҲһЩȴĺôĺôĹԡ
а֮㣬ϴаغȻùˮʳа10%
ƽȣг㵹ʩĽˮѪһأ˼аǿʳΥȻչ֮֮Ӧ˳ˡˣ೤
ճǵͽⶸȻ֣Ŀ֮УϢʹ20%30%ϵһЩ
⣬ԺһӰڿţѪ档
ɷĺɱӣͯͯŮϼ̨Ѫ
˹ؼźš
󣬾ͿͽնȥԴª㣬һɷɻңͬƬռһƬ
γ㣬οֳһ龰ϵʱĽ˵ʣճһЩʲô
ǽͣʵҲǽ̵
ǱԴضԻ˺ͱһָ
ҲԺ·
Щ¸Щ²ܵõ˵ĶѣһҲû˵ʵʲôk˵ˡ
ʾ˳Ӧˣ˵Ѿƫ򣬲վ־ġ
زʣΪۻֻ־ĽǶ˵ĻȡôҰ޳ˣɱˣӦõġ
Էľʵƻ磬ﲻгĿġ
ֵǣհҵɱܻˡ
Ⲣƽȵ̬ǶΪչˡ
Ϊ˵ؾˣΪӣ
Щ¿Ҳ²ճʵʵȥ
࣬ȻҲϲһЩ
ЦЦͲپЩµĵճռ䣬վһ
ƺһ˿ֻӡ
ŶͼлӨ⣬ɫЩǡ
ôˣ
ӳ˳ǣѹ㿴ǲЩֳңҲЩѹ֣в۵Ķˡ
лӨüһЩɻĲ²⡣
¹ָָˮгֵһˮˡ
ʱӿڡ
ճ΢˫ĿһڽˮȻЦµûȷǱˣͲ֪Ǻηʥ
ߣϼװ忴
ճǰУһЩ֡
ԪӦ֮Уһ֣ˮˣԼãã꣬ⲢȻ󣬶ĳڲٿš
⣬ܿˮԶԶһЩϺȺӡ



1287 ӭɿͣϣ
Զɽ֮ϣ˾ɽۣããˮҲŽд
һ˸߹ڳƮƮƽ
һźڼףĿ޴࣬һֻꪣϢɭɱ
ĵǮˮ巢ӦǮ鶯ˣҪҪȥߣŻ£ʮѵá
԰꣬򲻿СߺߣɫҪõôȴǰҲǵ֪ң־ˣֻҶԶԶİʩֶΣʹ˽ɫܰʲô£
ʿǴһĨֵɴ¶ϧǴҲϢˣܴͶ·֮ʱҲ˳շùʦǮ϶һԱ󽫡
׾޺ȴǲţֻһţѧһЩҾͲףΪ˵»֣ܵǧԸԪҲǲһսڹʦҲýɡ
ǰ˵ˣˣȫȨֻ¾ˡ򣬾ȥʦǰ״ɣò㡣
ʿɫһһ̹⣬͸ĺϢ˷ɢȻмˡ
Ϣһѹɽľ죬ҶҲһת۾ڻˮóһ̯ˮ
׳һͷٲҶԡ
ֻгꪣÿ֨졣
ʿҡȣߵĺô룬ֻµĿŹȴǮԱҲãϣܸǿһ㣬ȻĻϷںݲ޵ǴСãͽЦ

ˮ˻ӿţԽԽڿ籩֮УҲ࣬ʱ߸Ծʱ
Щˮִ˲ٿشֻʪ͸ڵأɫҰס
··
мʶһˣæĽкš
ϧǣʱȫվȵѾ޷Ӧȷָ
һ޺ŭˣ㵻棬׼ݣ
Ҳ¶ͷԸ׼񣬸ˣľ͹ϡ
ЩǣʱҲ˲˹ɨأѧһ
мλʲѧţˮʫƪ
Ҳ֪Ǵѧģ
ҺⳡòʮͻأǰһЩԤס
Ҷҵ԰ȫһĵطûбֻ˦ȥʱҲûг
ֻҪҪ˶ã˶ý˽ˮι㡣
ȻҲһЩ˿أڴͷ綤ӰճлӨˣȵͬʱﲻ֪Ϊֶһ
Ȼǲ֪ʲô
ʱ࣬ճҡҡͷ
˻ͨ˾˵Ϊ˿󰧸֮⣬
Ծ͵ѣԼκ˵С
ɫƽ޲һˮԽԽˮ壬ͻȻ̧ͷǰããˮԶ
ƺһ˫۾͸ŵײС
ͻȻЦǽȻɳ³ʩչԦˮǲϵǰϢΪͨҪһҵʵɣҲʵڸɱ
лӨɫҲʮֲ䡣
оʩˮڱ˵ֻܻסԼȴûо֮ܡ
Ҳûгɱеġ
ӳȥԸǼһɣסֻ
ʣһնΦˣɱڵؽе
Ȱ׷৵һ˼Σο֮ƽ
ȴα겻αҵˮֲΣȻڡ
ûõģǼһúԶֻҪһ֣ͻתߣˮ׷ϵġֻƸҲףȳԸ
ճһᣬ˫۾ȻԶһֱûнǰﰵ
ǵһμ˵֡
ģһֲֻţƺĺɱģһȴ̫ͬˡ
ԷʵõҲˣˮƿԷʵǲۻǿٲȴɽ׻Ҫ
֣֮ϣСģΨһĽ;Ѿ֪Լʲôˣǰһսϸڡ
ԲСġ
Ҳѹ֣ˮս֮ʱȻҳֻУȴǼ󣬿̫ˡЩˣĽ֮иϺͬΪˮ壬ݸϢһ㡣
뵽ճٲɡ
˿޺֮УȻʣԾС
ػ
һͬɢȥֻһγԲӰС
ˮˡ硢ͻȻʧȥá
ֻ͵һ٣;ƽȵĸڽ֮ϡ
ȫ̧ۿͼʱѱڵιĻ֮УȫһİЩ˻
໡
ңԶ֮һ𣬴ֻܺȻȴͣס
ˮʿһ㣬תͼߡ
ߣֻһ֣ܣ벻𣿡
ճһ¡ػ֮⡱ЧȻֻǱһĻҲԶ̹ȴκβ⴬
Ȼס󴬣岨Ǿ͵ýˣܵһʲô
а
ббһӣһâǰնȥյۡ
ǽâԽԽҲԽԽˮϻһߣȲٶȿʮٱԶһ
һ죬дƽϢ
ֻɹɺɫһǣɢ
ԶԶһƺߣʮֵʹ
֮ϣཹӿˮݣż˻֮
еվ̽ͷһƣͼʱƽĽ֮ϣѾǧ㣬˴Ŀľ
һն˳ȥճڴͷվһᣬԷϢ֪ǳֵˮѾȥԶˣʧء
лӾ֮ǰȴǴˣ֡
ױݣЦ绨ӭ۾ĵõγˮ
һЩ͸Ѿȫųݵڵء
ճ۹⣬翴һ㡣
ʱǲ׵Ϊ˵ľһ顣
Ҳѹ֣书书ɣܲѾûߡ
޷ͬ۶ãǷ֮£˲̫ĳδлд̸εһ˵
òˣճܺǸԷŮûйϵ
ǴʱҲǾԶмǰ̸лֻһԿţɫΪӡ
ʱû˭аոһͣסһʬǧ⽣
뵽ǰڴʫ֮ʱԼ︹̣ʱһ㲻ͷˡ
ճ˻֣Ҳ⣬ͽ˴գлӨ˴򽻵
Ŀ֮Ҳǿ



1288 ӭɿͣ£
һƬڣԶˮ֮УȴӰȻԶݡ
һʮ׵Ȼ︡ˮ׶
˰ߣҡһΣͻһִӣǮ飬ҲǮˮһԡ
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˴ݾߣΪ˺ݲʱڹУ󣬶˿飬õðա߰ɣҲȥ׼׼ˡ
ʿʧȥ̸ԣ֪һһƽԴˣ˵ʲôʮƣȫǶţ٣ҲͲٶѿࡣҪ´ҲҲ

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ֻһ˵ЩһɢգԾţóһ
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1289 ɱģϣ
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Цˬʴ󷽣һһŵ壬ۡ
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Լֻ˵һˣǮһϯҲʮҵӣȫǰĲ۸Σ
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1290 ɱģ£
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룬ٿѩʱۡ
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ֻҪӵˮ׷ɣ



1291 ϣ
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1292 £
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ճЦһҲܼɣѩջȥ
ǰѾţİںṇ̃ϲˮ̴㡭

ɫİо磬һʳŨƮʱΧŻȺŽɢȥ
һЩϢҲ֮鴫˷
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ॡһ죬֮Уһ񡢴΢ŭȵ
һͰϵıƷڵأȻŭɶ
ӣǧȷųɰǧ˿Ǯپӭͣʱ֣Цͨ˵𣬽֮ð͹ࡶԵȻ붴ļʽˡ
һص
һ󣬺һ֪ӿǼȻʱ֣ɷҲ壬ҹҾҪǽѪɺӡ
üɭɭȵ
ɰӣʦү֧µġ
˽ȰĴС˵ˣֲǲ֪ǽΪͨĺڸ֣Ǯϣºڡƾ֪ţҪȥǧѡ
Ǻǣ壬㽭ˣҲСˡҾͲţӪ֮£ʲô
깫ӽΪ֪ƷƬ̣һץȨ㡣
Ϊ˳ǷǽҪأڳˣ཭֣涼н飬֪Ӻùöࡣ
ҪǣӣԱ۰мӣƽʲôţ˽ߵӡ
ǰʱżȥǲģһӴ˲԰Σͷľܣ뽫ԷΪ˽衣
Ҳ֪ΪΣʹֶΣܵóԸ
ΪǮƴֲϸΪѣҲǿ
ֻˮĥ򣬻һʱգܽʯΪ
һЩĴҲ֪׹
ȴ룬߻ûü֣洫Ϣ˵ĹѾ˰εͷ⻹ˡ
ϣҪ븮˰ټҽѽΪƽء
Ӻαضŭ練ƣȴ󶯸ɸꡣ
⴫һЦһԶԶԶһֳ֣ͼӰһǰͶһӰ

һ˿ϲɫæǰʩ֪кμ̣ҡ
⻰˵ˡ
òˣȥ࣬Ҳ˵ùȥ
֪һɫжҲΪֻ֣ЦõŶð˰ټҽһãˣٴȥĸ̨֮λɲȵйڦʦҲֲǽҪͷܱץ˰ѱ
ʿҡȣЦʵҴˣһԭֻΪǽŶô¶ˣ
ԣš۹һתͷʵ֪ľʲô·ôǮپ˿أ
ˣʿգЦŷˣذǰ˫ңҲǽƿ
ذ񣿡һԾ𣺡ȻذͨҪλ׷粶ͷΪ˶ÿԽǣԸڲ¡ʦǽҲ赲
ֻҪɱţɽ𻢣Ǯɱˣˣ֮
Ц


1293 һҶľ̩ɽϣ
ذͨȻһ֣ȻǼùġ
ҲϷ飬ͨ˵ġ
ﶼǸȨ󡢸ʿֱͨ
ȻǴǸʦԵļһ
˻ǰеҵǿˣرʵȨɣʵڲõ˺ֳֻܰ
ڹʦ˵ذͨˣͨĶ˵ΣԻҪ
һλذˣɿЦ
Ĳֻ֪֪ںݵ֮ϣȻԷݣǾѾˡ
ûбԭ򣬶Ϊ֪ںݵؽ֮ϣʦŶôǿӰжôǿĸ֡
ĿЦ۵ӹһ˿ģת۾ֳϿȰӣøڲ춯֣Ǹ⣬ľǷѳ͢չǲҾܲġֻҪץķ֤ݣҲͼˡùٷɨͨ𣿡
һ㶡
ǰŭֻŵֱǮɴһľץݺĥҰС۰
ʱ侲ȴԼǰζǮ״ȴ˿ӦûУԼ˰ʱ䡣
ʱͷô˵ţŶ˵Ǯʵǿ󣬸ٸȻѡ
˫ԿնɴȺñһȥʱΪҪν¡
ǳһЩҶûᣬҪĴҽǲӪ֣ЩѰˣ֪ĸ档
ˣ;ֱӹǮɡ
ΪԷҲڶ࣬Ӳܾˣͻñ̵
ɫüȻҲ鲢ôð졣
λСҵʱԼȻҲֻܸɿš
һЩ飬ʿ΢Ʋ۽Ц⡣
ҲȰҽԭˡ
λݰȻõ֪˳谮ƽʲôţȴҲֻǶһЩ˴ŵһֻ۱һֻۣҪ˽ǿɲС£֪Իв֡
ϺûСӺöԸֵı£Ǹۻ
ںƿټʵȨʵδ¶ȫʦڵžǶ
ǹʦһ죬ȫȻƿسٷܲģȻ
лűʣȻҲӵأôע
ԣֻСԼ֣ܾϺ꣬һվӡ
ǧ̣֮ѨӲöԸӾͺðöࡣ
ĶŵĻ˻ȣݵƺһҲ
ȴǼˣȹϵϣȥҪ졣
Լû̫õķӣǮɵӴʵ棬ôҲƲȥ
ֽκβ˶Է
̫࣬ͻᾪͷӣжͻزۡ
䣬ͼʿı飬æı㣬벻ߴͽ̡
λʿǰżȻһˣںϲ֮ҲǴ
ѧ㲩һĸֶΡ
ҪǣõٺôõһЩҩʵڴô
ˣҲʱ븮̡
ңʿ˵ˣµһȻѴǶ룬ͻ׶ˡ
˵ֻԸţ
飬æʵ
Ҳˣֱӵ˵ͷذǰλ˭ӿɻǵã
ˣֻҪ˱Ϊ¼ҹˣʲô¶ðˡ
˹˷˵ذһ˵ǻԶʦԭźܶڣҲһɮڵӣ뾩Ǵٹ˽áҪǣһȫѶ̫󡣿һǣ˶֮º̾ͱа̣ɢֻù֪
ڶλųʦҶ֪Ҳֶη࣬һ֮þ¶ʮ־ʵ̤֮żǵȵʹȾϢ֮̾ͳˣһ˺򡣡
Խ˵Խ˵ֻҪȵľǮɵ̣߶ȦסˣǽƿؼΪϧԾͻᴦ˼ɣж̫ҲͺܺöԸˡ
ӿɽҲ
Ц
ò˵λݰӾĻӣֻҪԼô㡣
ϧȻһӵĻɫ
˿佱ƺյ״̬֮УȻԹ½
ֻҪڴ֮ͥ£ҵŲõİѱͿɰ׽ù鰸ûǮɸֳͷֻǽһҲ϶ǵסλͷȻãǷҲˣȻǴֻɱԳ󻼡
һΣҪôĴڳĻǾˡ
һ˿ݣת۾Ͷֹƻ
һԹܼҰҲǰľͻȻ;Щԡ
ӣҪҪүɳλֻ֣ҪǸǮͻҲ̫˵ڽ𻪻һķ˺ţóȻԣ²̫ա
ߣҺݵһ굽ͷҪɱֻ߰ͷһն񵶡ţҲûǿȥ
˵
ʿһЦòƺͬⷬƣʮ㣬¾ϸϸȥȴᡣ



1294 һҶĿ̩ɽ£
֪Ĳһǣڽȴһ龰
Ȼźȴʲô֮ҹ
ճѩķдãֱƳϣҹɫŵȴλͬѧ˯ѡ
Ҳһֱż£ڽ֮˵ճдһ֮ѩ˯þ˹ȥһΪʡ
ճϧ᲻ôΡ
ʱ䣬ԾһŲˮһѾͶ뵽ռ֮С
һնɱǮϹȴҲûջ
նɱջȴҪˡ
Ҳֻǵһǧͷа֮㣬ȴӰҲû
˽ճΪͬʱҲɵøֻ̾ȴԩ
ɣһǧͷˣֻˣ˵˸ûж١
ʱڽߣڹǮپ龰ճ̾Ϣѡ
ֻòƽǮܭպܻܿôû̫ࡣҲԣȻҪɾ֮λͼıˮ٣¾·ǰ²ֶΣҲǰѿˡԹ˹£֮õؽ͡ķȻҲˡ
뵽ճҲЩ衣
⻹ûһһÿƻ£츣ϣǻõˣ
תһ룬ЦǺˣǺ֣ȵĸ󡶼ѼţҲνˡ
ܵԪһһεǿ˺ǳԪķģճЩЩʧ
ԼʵȻûֹͣѪԪһµľţǿĳʱʱͷ
ʧǣѾһεʧȥǰķ
˺ò׵˺ͱԼһЩʳõ֮⣬ܴ֮еõ档
мصԪͻƵͳţȻ𲻵ʲôá
ԪһѾû㿰õԪ˵ʱԪٴҪ֮첻棬䣬һûֻ˺ͱô죿
Ӱ˼Σȷճòδѡ
ͳԷˮȻ̫죬ϸˮһֱڽջ֮£ͻȻˮɡ
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ҩã׵ãһûһٵģҲܵԡ
ͨҾİգҪţܲÿ춼԰˲ʳã˵𣬾ɽҲɹˡ
ûǳʳ
һ⣬ңһɣĹҲһ㣬ʵҲⶥĳһͲܴ
Ҫν⣿ѲҲȥѧ򼾫һռ
ճ΢΢üռ䣬ǰ˼
紵յӰһҡΡ
ǲеģжѾȷˡԸͻᱻԸ񣬲ܵõңڡֻҪﵽף̰ͼһʱǿ󣬵Ҳǲԡ汦߸λ棬ȻҪøԶһ㣬Իǰ·
һ־ƾ٣ϣ̤볯ãΪһȻĿǰҾƶҲȥ̰ͼǰͶţΪū͡
ū͵ͨмΪߴҲһ
Щߴ·ѻͷ
ˣˡ
յճɫ粻ƺԾϵ¡

ѩ۾һɰϲõ
жû㰲ˣԴӽⷽλ棬һֱĵģ֪Ρгһձ裬ĻϷ֮Уʸ־׷գƺҲôһ¡
ճʯӣ΢΢Щ㶡
üޣڷƣȻñֱȴ˵̬֮
ֻʱ˿̣Ϊüͷ
ǵǰʲôõĺҪһطȹ˷ͷͻعɡ
ѩ˵
ճתͷȥͼѩѾƿ̺ͷڶǰ·ЩңΪ˯֮ʱڿúܵͣ¶Ƭѩ׼
ճĽǶȿȥܿǶɫ˿޶Ƕ͸һĿɿζ
ЩǴҪģҪǣʱ֮е뵣ǣŨûȻʲô
Ȼ֪֮Уճǰɱͬʱɱ˼Ա»ٸѯʣôڡ
һСģͻ£˵Ҫӵĺǣ׷ʲôġ
ܲ˵ĳһ˵ѩû
ʵϣһɱ˶һ鷳¡
ο֪ԼŶô鷳
˵ôһЩƻļһţ̷˾輿ݾͲôýõɶܡ
˵Ż͵ͳҪ㻹Ǳˡ
ճĿѩԣֱöԷĳˮȥźǺЦ
㻹ǰɰôܲأѵӡУҾôһֻҵ𣿻аôһ飬ëƤ㲻ϡ
ѩСԴԷ㵣̲סϸЦС
ҲԹߺľ̬ճ˵һ·ҸɣɲܴǴ󲹵ءΪûУ̫ˣúúòһ
ţ
ѩӦһͶžӴױݡ
һԿȥͼü΢΢Ҳ䣬һ˵ϲãͷš
ճȻʧЦ
ҾɵǲǼֱףΪԺԶǰ;ʱܽļ尾͵ںΪǷһ̣ܼɴԺһ쵼ˣȴûЩͬѧΪôһԺڵɹ˼ߡ
ѩճòԼˡ
һһÿһá



1295 ϣ
Өأôûиųװͯ𣿡
ѩǻϲڽϣСһġ
ʱʱڸ̯λϿģƺҪһʧȥʱ⡣
ճҲ֣֪λŮͬѧѹֵúˡ
һ˷䣬ﷸ飬ϦģǸ
񷽲ŷ
ˣһûΣУŮ˵Է
ᣬ͸ճܳ㶫
Իɢɢġ
ȥǸͯ˶ĿģܲôһŮÿϹܰɡ
ճЦЦһ˴һᣬĦһ徲Сȥ
佻˵˴죬һƬѩ滨
ʱֵ£ȻûлģȴҲżľ
óڴ˴ģǸˣʿ
гճѩԱӣƷ
֪ܽǰݷͬѣκ֪ͬշա
֮ҪһˣʵҲΪճĿ·
󣬻һ̽
Ϊ𻪸Ԫɽճɱּƿ˽һأó͢ٸ˳ͨС
¶ˣ̫žѵ
ճҲ֪ںݵؽ磬ٸ˵ʲô뷨
ӨĽ׸ôᣬ濴ȷ˭һЩ
֪ǲǰһյĴ̼ѩһǰĮĵ̬ȣüΪġ
ϧǣһΪֺգƽԼ֮йעʱҪӰѾҲ֪Ӻ
ֻлӨԼҲ˼꣬ȴ˸֣ѩͺۡ
ҲֻŮӲڴԽ֤֮ɺͿְɡ
˵ʵǺҪġ
뵽ѩЩɺİйСӸӣġšһ
ͬһ΢΢ơ
ƷһΣǰŰţһ٣Ͳˤ
ԻϿʯС·ྻƽüͷ֪ΪͻȻһ
ѩ͵͵ͷҿճֵ񣬽װµüСʵ죬ôȥܸܲӨһ㲻˽ɣ
ᣬֻҪڼϰѧٵһ˼棬ܱɴ֡ţܸߣҴһָ֮áжߣ书ͻжǿ
ճЦ
Ҳٻ
ѩ˵ճȷһˡ
ִµѧţͳһѧȻˡ
νġʵǲģֻǴӹøǸߴϵá
ȴҲʵ治лӨĲƽҪ
һ㣬ճǿԿ϶
ƭɡ
ǸλŮͬѧ˵书Լģ᲻ΪԼϣܣ
ճһ˵ѩӸˡ
ʵϣҲ֮
Ȼûֻ֣΢ΪΡ
ӿۣʵϣܸճµģȴҲǮɽĹǸɣ֡
ѩһʵˮƽⷢܶԶвϢ֮䣬ܾ㤡
ˣ˼Ҷûôһ¾УѾˡ
٣ٱɱ֮ճɱᡢ㡢ǣʽַǣγĪĹʺҵѧ
ѩĥճһۣ۲ת
֪ǲԵʣ޻ѧԺһۼճһ˵Уһ֮󣬸Ϊ֪
Ҫ˵ʲôŮ֮飬Ҳá
ָŮ֮ȴǸ̡
ãã˺Уһճټ̲ܲ˵ģȫȫˡ
ӣ븮ˡ
ţ
ճ˵ͷʾǰ
ʯ·˾ͷǰһլԺǽߡ
ľӳ䣬ܿʯͷʨӣʮɡ
Ϊ֪˵ĸ٣֪ͬλͣլԺҲܿó
һ׳˽˿ǰһˣճ϶࿴˼ۣתȥ
ճλӵɫǹŹ֣һŽԺá
Ԫ֮󣬾øܹ࣬۲⵽ķΧҲԶ
ʮ׾룬̽Ѱȴ
Ժһӵϸѯ˼䣬粻˵˵ͣء
Ӧǣ׼£ֵź˵ţ˵ҷѣҪʱܷأֻŮ죬Ӵ͡סˣúý͡
ǣү
Ĳĳſڣ˵˵һ顣
ճĬһ£Ц뿪
֪Էʲô˼ˣͬʱҲĴ
һεĿƾӦˡʱҲûб̫ϣһԶѣ뷨ҪһЩˣķơ
ôˣǲϰæҪҪ֣
ճǰһ˵֮ѩҲڽ𻪵Σʱ˵Щ
ǮɱճɱǮϹ֮ȻС
лӨҲʼжǰ²ںݵİж֣ռ̡
ǴӰתΪˡ
һ֪ͬǮɷȻԲ˶ߡ
ֺαء
ճҡҡͷˣоҲֻһû塭ңһ֪ȫ͢ңڽ𻪵̬ȣҲϿˡûв´ԷϾҪж



1296 £
ºܺ⡣
ճǰΪ˵ĻãҲΪ̽ʦͳ͢ķӦ
ԷûеλȻݾߣֻȥ
Ͼһ˿пУ˵㲻ʲô
ʱټԴɫͱԷܶҪ
ǲ֪ǻӺ֣
ճ߳ʯСЩ㯺ź
ⲻԼ˼ڤڤ֮һ˿ѪĲ
ԭľܡ
һԪԶݣһ˿һֱڡ
£Ѿû˰
Ͼԭľ˵Լģõ붼Ҫʲôأ
ˣûֻһ˿Ϊһ˵ӡǴⷽ硣
ȻȫնһҲ˰ɡôƾپ͵Ϊֹ
һΣճоЩɣ̧ȥܷ֮Ų̬Ĺ졣
ԶԶģһ̯λϵƻ°ϲ˲ҧһڣˣƻҲóвɣҲˡ
̯ˣŭһʲôͱβǡ̯λԱ߳һⵣͷĴ˹
ֵܿģĲڶ
˼۵һ죬ͣ½ŲתͷһͼһѲ˵˳
п޺𣺡ģǮȥģ඼ûǮˡ
ͷܵһˣ鸡ţȴǿȷ죬أţֻȥԺһ㣬Ӽ﷢ƣĪҪҽ
ŭͣܵĽԾɷ
˴ֻĮȻ֮ܿӰ졣
߼תֿڣһҰþҪӭˣȫôһӣ㲻ô
һ׷ͷۣשͷȥҵ˶ͷڵأѪ˳
ͷֵĵ԰׷ģô꣬˵ȥǮңҪ˼ҵסⱲûָˣȥ㣬汣
ѩͷЩǣճ½ǡ
磬ûûзԭ͵УͻȻģ
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лҪء
ǰлӨȥ̿͸Ǵˡ
˳ǳأƿʲôã
һؼʣ˵ȥԺ㣬汣
֪ģʷϣ䴫˵Уʮ
ļùе֮ء
ҲףԶߵʱɽҲ򼾫ռˡ
ڽһնԺݵľ򼱾ˡ
Ȼռƿ⡣
ڱŷӳˡ
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ֵУһ˻һͷɢִ˵ײײ˹ǰһݺӱСܡ
ãתͷݴͣδһ㣬ƺӦġ
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Сֶ
ѩһ˿ɫǰһˮͱС
С۴æϸο
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ͨ˵ʵѾһ֡
˵žġţȭŶۣʮ˸ͨƦҲǲڻ¡
ѩźӣͻȻоס
Ϊĸ磬־ץжٶ˽һõģⲻǹ˼ΪǴ˼
ɴʱžˣȴû˳
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ѩû׾ôһ£Ǹ޺ŵͷɢѾ˵ǰײײƺӰȴ˵ճϡ
ס·С
Ϲ˰ɣѩ̧ͷȥȻ
ţͼһ̹Ǹ˵һ͵ճࡣ
޷ݡ
Сģ⾹ȻҲһ֣ѩоԭԼϹˡ
ʲôӱʲôΪԭǸȦס
еıɫ룬ֻһۿȥľ
ŵ㣬Ȼж
һϾԮȴһ
ճƺûעǸˣֻԭأ˫۶Զ
̳࣬һ죬̵ְ֮ϡ
Ϊ޴󣬱ýڽڴϡ
һɵƬֱִҲŶϳأһ죬󵹷
žડһˤϡ
ܰһ̾һᣬ˾У
ţƺ˷ӦȾܣɫ̡
ѩȥͼǸ˴ʱ泯쵹ڵϣɫϣѪ˫۷ס
ӣ°Сɱ񼫣־ܡ
һȺһв˹ӵͷһ¹ϵĸȵ
źһųߵĸ׳ͷһָצճץȥһˣ
һץָϡﱻĴҷɣƼǿӥá
Ƿܲͷˣ˵ںݷˡ
Χ˺ȻʱŷӦ



1297 ɱϣ
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ճ֮˷ϯ
¥ȥܼһ˲ֻ뿪ȴֳΧ£
û뵽Ǹݰ竻мִһģ
ʿȣЦ˵
һֱڰƣȴһɳʵڿϧˡ˵ΪֺαŪЩСֶΣ
׺׳˵תͷʿЩģѵΪƾ輸ܶԸľ
㲻ʦǶϰ𾭣Ȼûŵȥν֮ⲻھƣЩøͲΪ˶ԸţΪ˶Ը֪Ȼ»к
ʲô
ϷɣСŹˣƾͲˣҪ˵ûôס
ʿǺЦ
Ѿλܲ˵ѳֽ
λݸܲҲ֪ǳʲô˼֮ʱצ̺˺ѾȻû֡
ǴзȥԷ书⡣
˵ץˣͻȻ´˺ֻ֣ץ˶ѣò̫
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˵ͷָû˼£ͬ¸ɮôľ㣬Ľ࣬ơ죬ңң˳ȥ
ڲӪ󷽣ԶԶѻȺ֮УһͷĻºӶ䶯˶һ˿â
ճԪӳһУӦ˷֡
ǰĲͷ
ֻ۷ѣӵĽ״ʦһ˿ż
˵һֲӥɱȻǿᣬҲֻܶԸѰ֣ҪԼצȴǲ̫Զ
ֻ֮⣬Ǹʮಶ죬ִɷģȻǲô򷢡
ǵ书жô˵ã·ǹټݣȴǲִɱ鷳ˡ
ʲôĿģȴûٸƴһġ
һûҪһ춼ڹ˾£ȴҲò̶ֺͷͽʱЩһ
ۼצץ֮ϣճԭ˿ֵߣ˿Ĵɭɭצ֮ϡ
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һ졣
ͬһצץճָҪԷĲӣһ˿Цת˲ͱþ㵡
Լƽ֮еġӥʮצץ޻һ㣬ôҲò
ûôһ£;ָʹһɽĴӿϮ
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ȵסΣһͷԼѾӵߡ
ʱȻֱۣǰ֡
˾Ҳһ㶣ʣĻ
ЩҲסŲֳһƬѿļž
ͬܲͷݣ֪׽ùٽ˵ĳλʦְжܡ
ڸ֮УںݽϣӥַͬǾмӵġ
λųܸʦƴеĸ֣λ֮ʱȴһоû£Ӳıˡ
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ճЦЦҲЩ˵𾪣ֻ˵λͷҪץҲÿٶְɡλֳֶɱңʧ֮󣬾ͷԾ˶֪еǷֱ޹صģֺαļ֡
΢΢һͷ˿ߵķͬʮλ죬ٿ˿ԶӰҲѿ۹˽ץסճ½ǵѩϣǷߺ޲ʣŭ˵޹ؾ޹أŰ³̣־ܣȵ˹֮ϣȻỹһܲ
ճܵп̹ǵĺ⣬һˡ
Ǽһϵãͷʵ
ѩһ˵֪˵ĹӣڽҲǴǷ໤ҿ¾ͼˡ
ԭˣԴףݺУҲͲˡ
ճ˵ͷ֪ûɽҹĿܡ
תͷʵôλʲôݣĳ˿
һ䣬ͼһݣſңһ
һ׳ͷûаͷԡ
׳кճǺЦǰһݸ֮˳״վվλͷճ·ǰڲ֮ơ
ϢǰķܲҪǿһЩ
ǹѪɱ֮˲СȻǾþɱ
ݸֽ֮߳Цһţİӷˣɻǵýż¼һλ²ͷҲʧ˰ɣ飬޹أ
ǳʮֲ
ִȴ˻ưЦ̫࣬һʱҲȥȴû뵽ȻԶˣ·㲻ߣŴ
ԶЦԻλ׷粶ͷ֣ټϷܲڳţ߲ģԹһ飬һȫʬ



1298 ɱ£
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ЦЦĿһۣĳ˵ӣЩʱǿŤĹϲģЩҪ˼ʹ˷أҾ͵´ûĻܲġ
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Ŀһѩһ
㻹ſƾٿԣͲҪһܲº˰ǷйأҲˡ
˵Ȼȵ֣
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ٲɣҹζ࣬ȥ
ոҲˣǰŲеôöԸ
ӲΣǽ֮£񼺷ڶ࣬Ҫ׽ûնɱԷȴҲҪվ˼֮ϡ
ο֪Ի˵ĵϸ
ŵĽ׷粶ͷֺϻλ۷ĸ֣ͿǣԪӳʦĹ
ʦʲôµˣţںݵϻʲôܹԿԴ޵ն񽣿Եֵеġ
Ҳֻ޵
ˣһλ²ͷͬʱ֣´󶨣һ
ŵȻŵɱԾܲĨ˰ԼΪҲû˻ע
λĴңȻ븮ˡ
ǵʱǮҪˣҲѾ췹ǿ϶ỹȥġ
Ȼ˵ǮŲĸ֣ǣֽˮɣҲҸٸӲ
ӴԺֻҪ˿оڸһС˵٣̸̸飬úọ̃һ£һ£
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ȴǿ֣ȡһצգӥʳһٿ»
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֮ʱǶҸݺӳһ֮ͬ˿߳һ㣬Ʈɡ
˵ñȰ׳ӸҪɴһЩ
ʲô书ʱΧǻԶʦ֮ʱϺжûɷ
鱨󣬴˲С
񾪾壬֪һ壬ǰûдʵҪ㡣
ΪϴĴɱĳ͢ȱزҪǿöˣݼµı£ǲˡ
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˫ĮȻһȭ˻ӹ࣬һĽ֡
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йâһ
ѩУֻһͬ˿߰ϸСƣźڱߵӰۣһλ²ͷһӶ

ʹиոճڣͳ

Ѫˮһء
˶ȥͼλͷ°ڼٱţϰѾԭأ˿
ϲžɫҪʹȴѾ
ǵʮϸСһӻУɢһƬâըƬƬ顣


1299 ֮ⲻھƣϣ
ȺЦݸոշ𣬾ͱýӲ
ŵϴ֣һѪɫԵһЩ
Ӱһ֣λֺϻȴʦĽ²ͷꡱһͷΪĶεʱҲվסˡ
˵ҲǸûɫģۼƲԣ˵תӡ
ķӦȲǻҪһЩ
ǣԪӦֳһеճ˵ķӦٿʵҲûʲôá
ճջؽ棬˸û̧ͷһֻۣǲЦѩ
£
ѩĻش
ǾͺãܶʱһЩ±Ƶ㲻òɱˣ
һˣҲȻԺûûˡ
ݣ
֮УһȭѪĭķͬбڽצճǰ
ϡһ졣
ϰࡣ
ճҲһߡ
צڹӰɿռ䣬ХţĴض
һѪ⡣
ͷһʹŵĵͷһԼؿڴĴ󶴣̧ͷܣãȻ
˶ڱӡ
ԺֻһͷôɱңϾɱҵ֪ҵ
ϧǣʱҲȲˡ
һݻв۽ֻ飬͵
һЩ⾪æܣճҲȥܡ
ȻҲһЩȻŵǰɱ¹ͣⲿ˾ȻռһСжࡣ
Ĳ챾
ƽ϶ǿĵˣֻҪԼ˶ڣһԷܲܣٷ
һЩڷķͽҲǴٸ棬º֡
ˣûʲôµġ
ЩƵĲ죬ճҲûʲô˵ġ
ѾӦһɲԾϢгһӣǰһȦȺѪ˵һء
һΣҲûһǰɱˡ
Ǳúˣͷֲ巽
еĳܣеĳܣеճķܡ
Щڻһ߿šɱһ߱ԴͷĲӬһܶ
һЩ̱ڵأŵõʧһʱѬ졣
͡
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ںЩȫģ鼫ΪƺճٲǲɵˣԼɱĸĴˡ
ǳȫް·ƫƫٶȼ죬ȻѾȫʧֱĪǱ
Ⱥħ裬Űݣҧ
һӾʹӽɱΣģʽ
ճһ㶣Ȼ׹ǰӦĲʲôˡ
Щǰı֣һֱЩ֣Ŵصͥ
ũ˻ǲ죬ȫأͱ
ֱ׺ᱩĵƦҪ񾭲
µǣһˣ˶ˡ
ЩŹˡ
ճ֪УǰΣΨһֽͣǾ˶ˡ
ڴʱ˵أʸаնͬ蹷һķնɴȺֵֻ˭
ѹǰǻ˵µķ棬Ҳʲô棬նɴȺķ
ǲ֪ôٿĵģֻһƺ𣬾ͬʱ
ڣȻͬħ裬ʵȴͨɥʬǿȥ
޷Ǿһ㣬ٶȿһ㣬ճȫûв
ֻΪ̫࣬һӵ׿˿ʮֲˬ
ճֻǱʱ־ǳԱģȻóִɱϾͨա
ǳģȻʲôʣؽ󡭡
Ȼʦˣ϶Ϊ˱Լ˽նԺĳޣôҲͲֻôһСֶΡ
֮͸˿˿Ź֣ճðڰһС
֪ӴǰΧɱְշ񣬸оһһֹЪģ
ݲԼ롣
һԼ֣ɱɱ
Ϊأʲôô֪Щκβҵģżŭҡ֪ҵԸ֮󣬾ƲŹԷ
˵϶ͻź֡
׷֮УճͻȻо΢΢һ
Ϣһɭ磬ӵص˳
Ϣ֮أըҩըһ㣬һӴԪȻʯ𡭡
ճͷƤըһ䡣
һγ֮˾ͲЩĽ׶ûﵽνˣڵĽ׺ڡ
֮ʱ֮Уʮ͡
һɽ汼ڼԪ׶ޱȡ
ңֹ֣֮дһʴ̰Ϣ
ʯոշɳںڿ֮бڻ
ҵöļһ
ճƮƺɺɫ
ʯ֮Уץסѩֻۣһ𣬾˳ȥʮԶңңڵϡ
һֱ֧۴һӣپҪûں֮еӡ
ɳҪǺûۼþҪù࣬侢һӣԶԶ˳ȥ
һסĹﷵء



1300 ֮ⲻھƣ£
˵˽ֽǣͷһֻۣǳİɫӰ΢΢̧㣬һȡ
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תۼ䣬ԭؾֻʣһֻʺϸСģ
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ڵصףǱһ˾ǷҲ
һֻܹ޷֡
䵽ʱӦԼѣ鷳һ㣬ѵ˼ҲҪնɱ

ҾͲ̵ס
ԶԶŽͷ࣬Ц״⡣
һҲûгͬ˵ңԹôҲ׷ɱܳͷһڶ
ˣң׷ɽױıûУѼ׶β򶴴ɽͨ׷׷ţǰһ塭˵ȫһǳأ
Ҳ׺ӻػԹԵĸȻЩɲɾȡ֮νδСʡԴҲˣ͵ͬˮܣȵֲܷʱѾˡ
˵Żתͷ׺ӣЦЦľĽ㻹еӲƴ𣿡
ѣꪷҲþ١
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ľͺãҵļƻ֮УҲҪһءվ˷°ڣתߣʱˣɽɣ֪˶ᲪȻŭɳǮɣڡˣϰٲȥŷʲôˮ֣ᾡҷ𣬴Ӷնȫǡ
ԶҲҪСһɥӵ˵ŭ̬󣬻ؽ£ֱָ𻪡ҲͿԽŹٸ֮½𻪰ǣ˴жȫɷ֣ûз棬Ҳλ۵ļһһԺָ𡭡һ֮󣬽ϰھ֣գ
ȻȻؾ֮󣬶ɻùʦ͡һ֮£֮ϣָտɴ
ʿϸ˵ı㣬׺Ӳ̾Ϣûв

ճҿ϶ԼϢûй¶㣬Ҳ¶һ˿ɱ
ɵصֻɽײ֪ΪΣȴδ֪һģǲ¶ͷ
Ȼһıճ˼֡
νıȼƻ˵ģʲôʱ֣ʲôʱ¶ͷ
絭һ㣬¶Ӱӣӹǽӹɽ£СϪֱת򱱣ɽԽԽߣľԽԽ
ԶԶȥһɽС·ľѵԶ
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һε׷ͬѰĪΣ
ʵϣԪûп׷ʱҲܿĲͬѰ
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˼·ǶԵġܲܵԲ£չ黹ÿ󡣡
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һʱǳԪ顢̳ճоԼԪʸǿһЩҲˮǴߡ
ֻҪɢȥԲ׷Χָơ
Ϊزĸֵش赲ϵȻӦԶֻɽҲжô롣
ڣճͷ֣ʶӦǵѪӰӣѾһбߣϸ
ǿ쵽Ŀĵˣͼذ
ǰУͼԲԣɴأˮˡ
С·ͷһƬƽ
Զһɽͻɽʯ϶룬羰죬˷岢Ǳɣʯ
ͻأЭ͸һ֮
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ߣܸʣС
ľֵĻصߡ
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ڳɽ£͸ޱ⡣
ճԪӾ֮Уȴ졣


1301 ºˣϺ˳£ϣ
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ճһʿƴСĽһݡ
ΧһֻСˣһأѵóһ·һȥݸǣ󷨣ɾκβˡ
תͷԼ·ȴΨһһûб»âĵط˳Ͼ롣
ȻĿ棬㡣ʿȻһЦҲΪ⣬ֻǸе˼ҶѾˣٶģʧС˹ʦˡ
˭˵ҶˣֻܹϹ
һװ˶߻صճȵķ֣Լˡ
ʲôû֣·֮ˣ
һСɽҡҡλεվ
˵СɽվԵúܹŹ֣ʵһž޴ӰҡͷԵվ
Ӱ޴ɽҲʯ
صǣЩʯ֮ϻ
źӰվʯѣľۡ
ͼһﶥصԲִë׵ͷ­˵֮ʱβĦ¡¡ķ졣
ȳϢҲ֪һжòڡ
һ˯ԲȫͷҪˣ˵Ĵҿݲߴģһ̳ԣŪ˰ɣ
ⶫƺ̫ʹȻԷ⡣



1302 ºˣϺ˳££
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лӨһ˿ĽɫѩԾļٵģЦҴȥƾǣܿܰﲻæ㲻֪ںݳĵˣǸú;ӣҲǸҰɸ֣ǳǱɽնɴȺԺöӳһе׷ҲֻȺˡ
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˾η֮ģܻóá

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ĽסףжΡ׺Σֱĳճ޷ľ磬ǿֱģ˴
ת쭣ֻһճ͸оƤۣѲ֪Ѫ顣


1305 ɽ֮ʯԹϣ
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ԺͻȻ䣬ճǰһ



1306 ɽ֮ʯԹ£
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ճɻЩ벻ס
ײҪһԡ
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ǾԼȫ֮󣬾ͻƿռ䣬ǳֺɫѷ죬նɿռ顣
кܶڿռ谭й֮Уʧ١
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Է֣ʹƿռ䡣
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䣬ͱٲͷճ֨֨ᣬ︡һ˿ԤС
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ƤѪһһֺϣѪһӹ֮УͻȻһߴѪӰ
ѪӰͷֲۣ̤ͷһŭ


1307 Աˣϣ
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һըѪɽͻأֵһչȥ



1308 Աˣ£
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Ҳճ⻰ɫ䣬ֻ૵ĵûõģԪ龳磬Ʋķ֮Ȳʦ֡Ҫʦԣȥʦ


1309 һϣ
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ٱճһͷͷǰ·


1310 һ£
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ܷΪ죬ȴǲܷ
ǮһͨŮޣİ꣬ʲôûо
СսʮΣҲپž޵ףĸʱҪֻ̹ǿߡ
ǮϹˣʼղˡ
ԼһֱûʲôҰģŻһֱţһøá
ʵǮԷΪپּܴ֮ҵĽֵ˰ֺôȥ
Ҫ֮λǮˮȫҲȥҲкôۿ¥ۿ¥ˡڣվҪ
뵽ֽתӼȻں죬ƿһЩô̾;ܶǴֻʣһһ䣬ҲҪһĶڴ˵ءǴ˳Ǳ֮ʱ
ɭɱڴصѹ˶縺ɽ
ɬǿ֫
ʱ˲һЩԡ
֪һλǱ濴ȥӣҲɱϣѪ
Ȼǡ
ãҹȻû㣡
һǳЦ˶
΢ᶯ类һ󴺷紵źů֮⣬˶оһѪƺҲ˼֡
ʱȴûһ¶ϲɫȻޱ泩ȴ·˺ס
ͻأڷߵİӰɽ󺣣ǾɽϣǴ󺣱ߵСʯӡ
һֺ嫲ѹͷ˼ά·𶳽
һ˫ŵâӣһɨ˸оڱѩأûдŰԼͷκһܶڶԷչ¶š
һֱ΢ԲԻĸоɵ
֪ȫͷ亹
⻹𣿡
һ̣Ǻں彣꣬ȫĵͷȥǹѱ
ǰԹȫʧ١
о߶һˣһȫһʹνܿͷ˭
ﾪͬʱĵķ΢΢Щϲ⡣
תμӡ
Ҳһݼ
ճЦеĽâʧͷҲض񣬴£ûô鷳ٱƴûҲû˭˵һҪսԾ
ӮҲô򣬰ѺݳǴô죿ͷҺģĻ̻̣ʵڿһһƽⳡҾ֣ϽŷնɴȺɣ˵һ̫ƽôģ̣
˵Ƶģе˼ȴȻѾѺݳǵԼҵˣ᲻𻵰㡣
ȻϺ
ճ˵ŻȴǺǰ˵ʵ
۵ĿȻûǿ̫࣬ʱ俴һЩһЩĵãȻǰǰֲ
һɨ˹ȥӳԪ֮еľ趯ĴϺ׺Ĵз鶯زõ㡭˾ǣվ󷽵λɪɪӵŮȻһֻݡ



1311 ˣϣ
ճ֣ǰЩҲȫ壬ʮλͳ֮λࡣ
ǵʵԶϾ׳ڵӣҲǳ죬һ㲶ͷʵҪǿһЩ
ÿ˶ͳһֻ˵ˮ
ȻƾҲЩó
ճǣǺ첼ͷĴз彣ϺѾ۷壬ϿԶһ档
ճǰնɱԻλ²ͷҲȥ
ҲѹеӸڲ
е㱾µ˶һЩΪ档
ڳЩˣǮɻһλ֣Ǹոճȥӭճ˻Ůˡ
ͬǰ֪ŮǸŮ
ƽʱճСŮйġ
ŮʮϸСɣʵѾĽףǮѵõĸ߶ս
Բ˵ĽףѾϸϢǮϹ궼һҲ
ûнԪ࣬Ͽһֻ
սһ˵ʵ̫ǿˡ
ټϵձԼնɱǮپˣճﰵ̾
ں㣬ռǮˮܳùٷĪ෸Ҳǵĵ
ݲʱķУҪǿϲ١
ʵˣѹЩɣմֵĹٷأ
ճӸȤˡ
ɲΪλսĺݸ𣬻û̡
ԼȻɱ˼ҵıӣ˫ôҲֻܺһģˡ
ʲộǰҪụ̂
ճЦĿﲨ

ǳŴ󿪣һ̳ڻǡ
߾ϣף죬ѩꪡ
Լʮ꣬üȴ˿˿˪ɱȻ
ŷϳǹЦ࣬ˮ֮ıѣΪһų壬û뵽лֻ֡һս󣬽¹ڣҲ
˹ЦȴѻȸƺţֻݼĬĬ·
Щ뽫ͬżף᳤ꪣ˻һˣֻŵ
й֮һѪɱĬĬɢ˷
꽫Ա߸һ̾Ҳ֪үôıѪѪ׳˶һ٣жΪˡȾ֣γ²ƽ˴ҼȻԮǺûˡ
Ŀɨһԣаն´ˣĵ˵ν֪ͨһڽϵźܴȨү㿴ǲǴʲôҲΪ»
ˣЩ¾ͶֲģҸҸո˵ϵܵúܣֻҪչʾѪǿ󼴿ɡھңȻۺҲмƿصıȴ̫СΪǡһΣöǣѹϲŶԡ
үԼǡ΢΢ͷ˵ˡ
ǰأԶԶһƬͥ԰֪ڡ
Уڷӣս˻˴ͻԳգǴս龰
øˣǰǵãϣνǮǿһ㣬Ҫһ˷Գҷ
սһڣһ̧ȥֻоѪȣЩȲˡ

ͬС͹һ֪ţʱѱ׾š
ĴǺѹѹıʿִͦء
Žѹֻһ£Ҫ
龰ȴһ
֪ѵõĴ˿ף˹ŵϺĶ˼ɱĿŴм䣬۽ǻʪۡ
żϯѪζ˹ײڸǵľǼʬ塣
ڱϣûǰ棬ʱ˫ĿԲɫѩֱĶݶĿ
취Լӵ۾ϣʹʣ˵һľһȻҶɱѰǮʲôӦ
常Ǯɵʮ·ˮѾϰȴϳһƺҪؽ󣬸翹
һʮ߰˳ص
Űɫθߴ뺷üмһۣƤⷭţȥԵޱȡ
ʱػȴǹúܡ
˽ж˵ӣҲ֪ҵİ˰ټҽͳ죬һѪӵڽкպ
˵֪ܾմȨ֣ѹݵؽ磬С
ʱƶ׽ϿɽӴĸΪ¡
Ϊ࣬ʵǽҲҲϢѧĿƾٵ˼ڽϴ죬ʱ͵ЩĵԼ
һΣһ͵һѧϣһΪڼϰ֮£ȻһЩЧ
ǽоͶһ׶ĵ͡
ѪӵɱԽ࣬Խ
ƺŶصĹЧóֵձ˵ı
ƾаŵڽ˺ôˣ󱻽ߴ
ǣʹĸѾĴݣ׷ϣۼþͲܵѡ
֪ϧһ£˾
ǸգĸТΪ׶׶һ㣬ȴ塣
ԺͰΪ常ͶٸΪҼҽ죬֣ѹݲ
˵ǮոѲ⣬аնԸ
۵ܲһĶ֣ǱϾͨĸˣټ貮һ𣬾ͲΪˡ
貮һĵϺʮֲۡ
ʵϣҹѾʮꡣ
ϼһ˿Цݵǫˣǰͨľ磬һѪӵףԸǮɸֵÿ㣬ˣЭһǿԡ
Цתͷ˵˷ģǰЩӣǮ͹϶򳡣ǮҪʮּѡֻһˣôҲȥ
˵ڣһȴơ
ֱͦڿú˼֡
ȻҲһĽͨĸ֡
ľͷתͷЦĿһԵ׳ӣ鱧ȭŷ񲶷ˡ



1312 ˣ£
ͬ飬ҲôľɱŽ²ͷʵǵ̫ˣôҲܷŹˡ˵һݣͰĹ˷ҲҪģնɱľ֮λĴҪˡҪմңڴǷҲžֶΡ
˵һ׳ӣһƵƣΪɡ
Ҳ£ֻվһ
󣬻λͷ϶Žɫ˿ߡ
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ոոϵݣ˵λеĽ²ͷѾѳְòû³һѪʱ̸ľҧгݡ
Ǵڽ𻪵ؽΪʱȻھӵұõĴһڽĴң˫
Ůɫ˫ˮһ˴Ҵͷ󣬲ɱĸľܹյ뻳ҲʧΪһ¡
ת˿֪Ա߾һԲ꺺ӣĬĬȨżʵ´󰲡
νڴˣǧͿʱƾЩʿ䣬Ȼκβʦͬĸǣƣ뷢󷨣ɾʹˡ
Ÿܲŷ¿˹΢΢Цվתͷ˵ǣľҶҵˣѰ·жôҲڽӡս֮Ҿͷǰ𻪣ɱüȮ
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λӵʵϣ˵ֵ֪Ͼһ
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ǺĶǿһ֣˾һֻ֣бǿ̬ü岻׳ԽԽ
Ҳ˵ֶ£̴ǰ׼̩ɽѹ֮ƹǮɵԭ
Ǹľйصˣȫ
ܣаǲݣ
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ĿķңǱʹĪӶЩľȻ
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Ӱ쵽Լڼеۣͷʹ顣
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Էűʱܴá
ˣ˵ŷŸһԣûУһսʵҲõģľ֮ء
粻ͬΪ佫ȴûаϣֹḡ
ó֮ʱҲһӡ
ʱ΢΢ͷЦγֿɲֻǧһˣɲҪˣҲǰġ
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ãǸ÷ڴ˰ٷȫūɱŮʬҰδһһ䡣Ϊǿ֮סڴˣǮɷƿ𡣡
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ȵűߣſ⡣
ŷҲǱɫһֵˣ۲һ¡
ھǹʦһɺ;һɶòֺֻϵȴǲƫУܵ˵ƫڹʦġ
ʱ÷ҲںݣȴǰֹԽԽˡ
ôңҪȰľˡ
һλʲôǱȥĴС
ݡ
˼ˣø⴫žǡۡ죬ǧ˴
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Ҫǣͬˮһ㣬ӿ
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ò˵λҽƽѱúǲӦٶȼ졣
ļ籩ӸԺ˳ȥʱʱ
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ԶԶĲҺڶϡϡļ֧䵽ԣ͵Ľ
ƺһθǽԵסκι
ľ
ͷոӿ֣ǰЦ֪ˣ㲻Ҫǧ𣿲ʹݣĳˡ



1313 Ѫϣ
лӨԶĶɵţЦã߶ţ֪ˡӳʲôãһ֣ûЩʲôˣ᲻ԵǺûá
ѵ𣿲÷ûΣգɸں棬ִԽǿġ
ѩлӨĵķ˸ۣǰСһۣһڸв֪ı顣
лӨﵽĽ۷ΪӦԪȻҲܸӦߵС˼
Цһȴûлػ
ȴһС˰ĿɰŮȻʲôùܣֻű˾ͺãҲǰδҵĿԪϣܲѪս´Ĺͣʱ۹ͣǻȡλõء
⻰治ظѩ˵ΪԷ⣬ŪöԷŹ֡
ܿԷƫƫҪŻ
֮ôҪ
Ҳѧѩ㣬ֻԼһŮˣԷҲˡǣΪЩأ
ЩΪɢˣ尾ţΪһصĻƴãף;йĺ׳־ء
ٻǧתлӨĿоâӢ̧ǰȻȻҪ֤ԼֻҪһᣬʵҿġ
䣬ͼԶԶһϮƮԶȥУ֮ŭ֮УһһȺȺɢɡ
ǲӪӶûг֣ƾƾѹ˹ȥãùһ˳󣬶Է뷢ˣӿж
ŽɫףὣǻӸճ
ȴŸţǰӰ˻ΣѾ˼Զ
Ȼֻ࣬Ǽپоٶȴÿԣʱ֮ôҲܸȥ
ȻȴҲֻĿţʱﲻæ
ľʿŮ֮⣬ʮˮͳ죬ֻǴǿ֡
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Ļ˵ǾǴ˴γ֣٣󾫲ࡣ
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ÿһʵԼȥ
ңУңʣ·ͱ˼ս⡣
˭ֻҪǳǰǾ͵ͱһ㣬ǧ˵Χ
ƣԼԵĻöԷĸֳֻǶǱļ󣬾Լ޹
ʱҲγʱ䡣
ͨľʿˣΧһʱ̣Ҳ벻̫õİ취͸
̫³çٷ
ĳЩ뷨ǶԵġ
ս󲻱սζ߻භ˫ս֮ʱľʿԶ֣Ǵղһġ
Щϵĸ֣磬ȥ磬ҪΧûа취
ǰԲһ
سǣƣ٣ǰͽ˻ڡ
ֻҪ֣ͬһʱ乥ľǧˡ
϶ˣҲҧȴǲܴ⡣
£һͨŮɳڵķҲս󣬵ȻԼļ⡣
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ʵֻҪһγɺλǿķʸǰ֪ǧҲǲܴ͸񲻵ҪԸͨˣҪԸλʦֻҪסٱʿΧæҲ岻ȥֻͽ
ͷ꣬к˼ǰæתͷһƣͼֳֳƮƮеĺŮǳЦȴǵǵ飬Щʧ
ô˵أһֱԼֻΡ
ʲô˼ѵΪ֣ͯģӰɣ
һ⣬ûôһ£ͼ䵽ǰӰԣ˻δȻƮƮлС
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һײ۶ϣһֱеһľмĩ
ϸ΢ڶ
Ǿͷڴʯ棬
ּ꣬ͥŲȻûг֣
һ٣ΣΪճҪȳˡ
ʵԼЩˡ
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ѾˣлӨҲۣͣͣĵȼѹơ
ԴɽͷճϷ⣬ٴȡͻ֮ͷԼҹϢǿ
ⲢԪ򣬶Ѫ֮
ÿһë׶¾ԪܾŭγһȻϡ
ǳȻֹ²γɳϫ
ǸӰԪϫġ
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һ·߹ƬƬʿ䱻ԼĹˣء
ȵճߵԺ֮ʱѾû˸ڵǰ
Ȼ󣬾һҰ㾪
֪ŴԺһ䣬м仺ѿȻֳ롣
ѿڴĿģֱֱʮɿռ䣬ԺҴſڡ
Ժڵľҽһն絾һ㣬紵Էɵڵ֮ʱǶֶϽţ޺һƬ
⻹𣿡
һоȫԭأϵĽŲͣ
Լ˸ǰΪ£
Ŷˣӳ֮ǰ˵Ҫʰо֣ѹҾ
ԭڴˡ
֪¸ʵǿпǿֵزµһ£ۼһ¡
ǵǮԷ˴ҲֻǾˮ塣
Ҫֱ淲˴иΧʵҲǲҵġ
ɱһǧ˰٣ս֮ϣ˭Ҳ˵׼᲻ʲôⲻǡ
ǰλ¹Ӿȫϡ
ѪԪ񾳽磬ȫǿޱȡ
ԼΪĵֱֵһᡣ
ţ󷽴¡¡̳𴦣ԶԶͼһ֡
ûԶһѪɷ֮ӿ̵˼顣
ǣ
ֻһɫ䡣
һƥͬһ࣬һ£ϢѪ죬󷨣



1314 Ѫ£
ǷжҪҪܿҵ֧նħ˷ѵġ
ں󷽿۵İ׳ں
λзͳ챻Էɱһϴһ飬Ҫĺ󳷡
ԼæԽ顣
ʲôţӭսֻѣûӭоӣӣѵöԷǰл˹ӵĺ·
üбһʣǰ缸ڽġ
ǰ˰ٷҵᣬֻǶҲǲһս֧ܿԽɷ֮Ծʿ֮նҾͿ
ʱѾ˲ǰ֧Ԯɱ븮еİ¹ӣһһԸǿС
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Ϣһ˺Ƭ
꽫һɨ棬ͿƣЦû뵽Ȼ˾Ľɫ⺼ݸһľöףáҴԽɶ˧ﴫͥϵ˳ƿ۱ӦƹֲķһγսϣȴӢаεͷ̤ؼһٺ١
浱Ȼ棬ҲﴫͥҵĶӡ
ʵϵ
޻ѧԺ˵ݸ߹ǵϵʵֻĸ۰ѣЩϵȴǲôϡ
ȴǲͬһ˵ľˡ
ջǣͬжһָǲáĺ꣬ϲְĴ֮׵ĳƺţΪ˲档
ˣת޻ѧԺ˷λ棬ȴǲߡ
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ƳΪҺ󱲴ڣӢĶ棬ҫ⣬ͬģ鹣ھǴ
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Ӣ˵ǣϵʱ̫ˣƮ֮ʡ
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ڶһ֮ʱ˹ͣǰӢӴҲһ̤˽Ŀ쳵
ȵɨƽ¡λ֮ҵϵ̳ȻԶһСλ棬ӢȴǿԵġ
ʱһλ֣ԴӦ֮վͲԶӡ
˵Ҳּܷ룬οȸ֮顣
Ӣ̲סЦˣǰŮˣЩվϡϡĽʿ
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ġذѾȫתǹóʹǵӦ֣֮
湥ǰ֣ͬ·һֻСС롣

Ӣɫ֮ʱ
ճȴǳбָ棬һﻪ⣬ǰ
һɨ֮ˣ˵ͷ˵ܺãֶڣһ򾡣ʡĴѰң˷ʱˡ
˵ϣһλü֮䣬ӵļӰӡ
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ǰָű󣬼֮ȫЦ
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᲻㷴˼ɱ֮ķŭҲޱߵĿ־ûˡ
󵨷ҷҶǰ㡣
ᵶǰߴͦñֱȻǰһңңճǰסˡ
лʹ˸ɫŻ֡
ڳˡֵܶûʲôԱ֮˰ŷھʦ
׶Ľ²ͷ˺ϻҲɶһʦ
Ҳ˵սλ֡
ʵڳƵݶʢ
ˣһҲġ
еľųն񽣣Ϊʦ˴˵Ԫĵ˼֡
Ҳλʦֵ˺ô
ģǶνĵԪ˲мһˡ
Ҳñˣ棬ΪȣͬΪʦ˫ȭҲѵ֡ŷ񲶣˴µýϵĿѾ֣֣һλ˫˵ãСˡ
һ֣üҵĵѪ⣬ͷʮ
Ʒ֮䣬ɼѪΣһӷɢ
ն˼䣬Ѫϴµ
ƣ˲ϲ԰һЩ
ŷ²ɵ˵ͷȴ˴ˣ˳ʩ˵ݣһӣ׺ɫ
ѵõǿǿĹ
ʵǼ񵽱ˡ
ãѪӵ֮лʶһҵĵӣûϵ״μȴǲԵУ˴˫ƽɱᴫΪѻ
ŷ˫һ˿Ц⣬Ŀ粽ǰ


1315 ҷϣ
ŷ»鵶ʣ޷ԶɣĻõϢ֡
ѪɷϢһ壬ͱøҲð죬ӳԺӰ涣ͬİ
âһһĨѩ׹ŷµУӳбտտ⡣
Ժַ·һС̫ķ
ʣױߣģն鼴նꡭ
ʣһ֮䣬һӳǳɣճǰ
ʱչһԺбƺӹ⻪ҫİ絽ҹ֮Уſŭܲ
λŷ˵ȴ͡
һ仰û˵꣬䡣
һǿںܣ˴һĪ࿹
޵ȴһ˿Ѫâ㣬˵ߵֱѡ
ȴǶѪӵҲˡ
ŷ˫һһϵۡ
ֻһͷ˷
ֵúܣмֹֻǳΪѪӻơ
ʵҲǷأֹԷͻŷµĵأͻϮֵ֪ˡ
ʦλ˵ֱԺԲƣȴǲж⼸֡
ò˵˼Ǻϸġ
ȻҲûʲôǵõ˼
Ѫ쵶ԾԾԣֻŷµĵƿԷƣ׼ᣬѪ֮£ɳ롣
ϮӰת֮µϣ״Ҳ޷롣
ֱ壬ڳһ
ոճʱʵ̫ǿͬϻ涢סһܡ
ʱŷºͶ˳֣Ʊɫߵվǰסɢ硣
̷
ûüݣŶԷôͼǰӰһӰ黯ʵվԼǰ֮أޱ鿴˹ʵ֪ˣôһҲҳҶ֣˰ɡ
㡭㡭
һ
ճӿţҲȵԵɫĺˣ˵ˡ
ոճȥ᳤յλʦȻͣ
ŷȻųӵͷԭأֻǵͷԼš
˵ķȥλµŸܲͷشѾһ󶴣Կǰһ⡣
ʿ֪Ѳ֪ʱ̴飬ò
ͨ·Ѫӵȴǻ˻ΣһԴӲϹͷ­ϻŲ;
һ˿ɻĿġ
ûô֡
ֻѪɫ֮нһȻ󣬾ûȻˡ
˶˳Ļ󶨼ֱǿ֣ƳѾܲס
Ŷ˫Ӿ翴ϵ飬û˰㷴˼
ͶɣһЩˣҲһ
ճȻ˵Ŀɨֵܡ
óıƿˡ
ʱҲһ㹦Σϲ˭
Լɱ˵ɱ֮𣬵ǣҲ֪ĳޡ
ֻҪԷ£ճҲûʲôǻںԷǲǰԹޡ
ΣѾ㹻ʸһЩܿصĶ
ԼҴɪɪҵģɰҡͷ
һαøߴһ˫һ˿֣֮Уѩɡ
˻ɤ׷裬ҫɫԣʮһղϧҲƹϷʮ֮ͶұϷȻĿŴ衭ӣֻҪܽӵƣϷ˱ᣬ赲
ΪʦҪĲΪΣһҪ㷴־
Էǿÿ£ǲǿ貮ȻǿȻ֡
ֻһᣬǰҪǰ˹С
룡
ճԾɿˣһۣûгֻȭǰһȭ
ڼ˵Уȭͷнâͻʢռһ㣬ͻȻǧ顣
ոճͷһȭ֮£ʲôƣʲôˣˮӰһ㣬ֻһѻ
ǲϵѪ˿ٱڵ׻һ𣬾ɻ̡
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ڳֻʣˡˣȻλ²ͷӥ׺ˡ
λƽǿĽ²ͷʱɫɷף˫Ŀţ޲öԷֲԼ
ûҪӣոһȭľٶʵ̫˾ˡ
Ľ״ʦȻһȭûҷʵѾǿ϶ٵ⣬Ԩ֮ǲһ־硣
ħֶΣȫǷѧܿ⡣
СԸ
˼ճĿ⿴ɱ纣ֹҲܲסѹݷڵء
ճķȥ˺Ѿʪ͸
ճ¶Цݡ
˼˲һ
Щ˾ϲշͷӲĶ֣ԽŷǣԽǲϽΪԽżֵ
ϳɾؾ뷨
չֳȻ־ٱһԼǿܻöϧ֣ȴûϵճȫơ
ճǸڶֵģûʲôϧϧģһɴݻ١
ĽҲãҲգľ翴Ҳôһ¡
к罵Ȼʡʡ
ֵˣ£ܾձ࣬𣿡
ܣ
ӥһݾ꣬ʱݷڵأϺҲҲãӦ
׺Ҳ˺æ˵Ŷҵ˽꣬ܰô£С
ã
ճЦЦѾŵôֵ֪ûаȤһڶȥ



1316 ҷ£
λ²ͷԼԼһЦƺڴȻиǰԮԭҵİǹҲȤ
УӰȴȥԶ
˲ҵǰЦ֪ˡνˣˡ
Ϊ۷壬ʱֵ֣ܼ޻ֻ֮֮֮
ûС
Ϊ˱ΪҲ޿ɺǡ
̰ģʵûôࡣ
ֻҪܻȥͶ˭Ͷ
Ƥ񣬼λ£ܱһ
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Һֻǵ˵ͷЦֻҪλӿҲǸϾɱӣȻǰҲ˵һˡЩ˽ºĲķʵǲҪҪǵҲֻǶָͷѡ֪ˣ˵أû˿ͷ­˿ɾҲ
ˣ㡣
ȻʧҪǺݣҪʡЩѣҴӦӦҲûʲô𡣡
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ȻҲǿˣԷڽϵؽҲû̫˼ɡ
ôǿӲֻȡ塣

ճ֪Ժ֮ʱǻУǿѹ
ȥ֮ʱȴ׹⣬ֻ£Ƽ䣬̶̼ͿֿڣлӨԡ
˵ʵϣһ˶УôԺٵɱλĽ׸ֵ֣׶ֻʮѡ
м䣬Ҳͼ˶̶̼˵ȫûеʱ䡣
ôݿ඼Чʡ
֮ʱѪֻǹС
⼸УʹлӨλĽ״ʦ಻ԡ
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ҲˮɫֻһѪɫڿ
ӹ͸ĺ⣬оһΣ
ƺֻصС֮ʱǴˮУĬĬా£ʱ̵Żôһ죬ɥ֮֡
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Ϊ˷˵һ˿˺ű
ʱ˿̣ȴûɵһЩ¡
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ãѪɷ֮飬˵оɱܱٷԽսǿУǰΪԶﴫԭЩ÷
ҧҧ촽һζֱţǿ
һˮӿƬ׿͸ӨӨ⡣
̳һӭǵſѪ
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ʮɣһͲ֮⡣
ƬҲǾˮˣ಻֮
һֱıˮϫ
ˮ뽣Ǯ಻֮⡣
㣬ۼͱʣֻڹ꣬Ҳǿȥ
ңڹĵĽȴǰء
˵ĹԽǿķҡ
һ֮Զ죬ֻҪܵ
֣ϧԵǰǹаնǣǵסġ
ϻ»ӢһЦ
ֻѪһŤŷǰѪ纣
ǵ̽͡ꡱı֧顣
չҲӲСʮֹѺۣϸСѪâ졣
ƺһ屻ѪϢһ壬ɶ
ۡһ³һѪ
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ǰҪ֮ʱлӨˡ
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˵Ѫɷ֮һķʽһ壬ܴӦ
һǿһ㡣
ԷԱ֮ʱķԪȫȻѹסˡ
֮ʣȫƾУðԪ
Ľ׸֣ųʦԪһֺҪĶ
ܸӦأǣĹ
֪ܲϵȻ
Щȫѹƣޣôʵͻ½ࡣ
ֿҲȻ
ǣҲˣԷۼΪʵҲĽ׺ڶѡ
ܹռȻѹԭ򣬾Ƕپʿ
ЩʿֻǶʵһ࣬ӣеͬһֹһͬ͸춯أǿ
ӳΪ׽ϣɱӦԡ
ΣԷƲˣлӨȻԹۡ
һͣͰѩ͵ԶХһһ£ƹ˶Էǰ棬ӲͻϮ
һֱ̾󣬻δ˵ɭ֮Ѿüޡ
ľʿȴǿҲֻǵüףת䣬ͻأ̧ͷ׶һꪻӳ
ȫûй˼ɰϮǿơ
ˡһ죬ˡ
ꪽ洦һӴ
Ѫ®һ֡
лӨĽֻһӴڸǽ֮ϡ
ѪĻǽ΢΢һĽɢұ䡣Ǳһԭأֻǰͻ䡣
֪ʱΪ׽ǻ˷λͻأǰ
һꪴꪷѪɫͷצ
лӨɣ˫ȴһ˿Ѫۣܵζ
һǹһ壬ѹԪþϸŻϻ¡
һ𣬽ͷֻΪ˿˿ϸ㣬һմߣ֯ܵĴȥΧž˷ͻ
ӦһƬѩҲһһϣλˮ̹⻪ǵѪ
ˮӿ䣬ǳ䡣


1317 ΪӪϣ
лӨԽԽͣХգֻܿ翵ӰӣΧžƮȥ
ǧͬʱÿһ˲ɶܡ
ɾˣǮʮ·ˮͳȻûзġ
ֻ֪һ㣬˫棬ԽļһԽǲ
ʵϣѾǾţ˰Щ˿һѡ
ǾѪɷģԲĴӡ
ʱ˳ɨûвƽСһЩǸɸ֣ȴ
ѪݺϸܵĽ֮ȥҡͷβԽԽʮ㡣
꽫ÿһꪻӳըװлӨѹƵýֻܷزܷ
̶ܿ˺ѪʮԶ˾Ȼ˶˲ȥˡ
Ǻеģܵһ˿
ֻǳУأлӨѾ
ͷԷǲ
ΪǰѪԵʣѾ
ʱɫѪǽ߾ȫ
ãԽսԽǿԪǿΪֵǵòԪֻԽԽ˶ˣĪǡ
лӨ΢΢һЩꡣ
˲ͬǣӢԽԽǿܣһ˳ꪴÿռѣЦɽϻӳưЦҲ췴Ѫ֮ĪλмɫǳңСүˣһھˡ
ѪӳӢħƺܵڵļְԵ磬ذȫתÿռ䡰̡죬ֻӢ۲ˣʵûʲôֵԼɵ
ʱ飬һ̣һɶ
ʲô죬ֻǺųżֽ츳ĿˣǾ֮ܡһûԴӦûдԽ飬СΧȡһЩɼããƣϢûгǰλŮ˾λ˫ͷˣ֮ٺúһһ򾡣Ϊƴַǡ˳Ϊ֮ҲѰֻµģʵǶࡣ
һתͷҲλʹŮǷشֻǸߺһ췭ظѪ
죬Ѫ˹ӦųѪ⣬ڡ
֮жȻ̶һ˲֮䣬һ
ͬʱѪȫŷӲİƬսռ䣬֮˿
ãܡ
ɫ䡣
ǰƵ¶һ˿
۶ԷʲôķγѪɫٲԼĽͨĵʵԵֵ
ǮҲһ֧ɾΨһ־սó
ڵĵֵ꣬ǼģһܹɣҲһοȫԶߵ
˽ʵҲֻ̫֪࣬ͨ˵Ǻųɱ˵ģʵԲֵһ᣿
лӨȴô֪࣬ʲôġ
ֻظѣռãҲһݡ
˵ǰ֮ʱܳƴһѣѪʢֻ֮оԼ֫
ӦԪתҲľеССɶ꣬
ʱԶһӰſԦ˸ǰֻЦҵĿҾ𣿿ƺűҴеӰӡܿƵѹ֮γս򣬹Ȼ˼룡°ɡ
лӨһϲûԼ̶ôȥ;Ϊ֮һ壬ȫɿ졣
ԪһϲȸԾӿͷ
ţһʹһԼϣƮƮĵɶ
ͼԼѾصʮ·ˮͳԣѳַΧ
ԱվλЩ磬ŴƬѩԾſţ¶簼͹Ρ濴ţ۵Ĳš
ΪѪɷ֮ܵĿҲճ֮ʱѾЩ겻ˡ
ʱվڰȫڣòײŪôһ£ϲ֮䣬̧ȥУ
СģѹԪ
޷Ը˵СĻõʲôԪ
һЦԶԶ
һ㶣Щ⣬Ԫʲô
û÷ͼǰӰתɫӰۣǰֻһˡ
Ѫɫ󣬱һײѪ⻯Ϊǵâ˷䡣
γѪ֮УһֻƣһƾץǻꪱƬֻһ֣̽ס꽫Ĳӡ
һΰĽɫǰӡ
꽫ٷҺһκһѪ̱ƥ֮ϡ
Щ׳ƥҲǷ˻ţܵ˼
һ͹ڵء
Ŵ죬ոպһ룬ûϢ
Լ۾ȥ
ˣûۻǰ粻һĶѪǵӰǰСһ㲻һ
ȫԱˣҲץС
һˣ˺ܹ̯һ壬ԪȫƿأôɱƵأ
ֻǳһץûгʡ飬ͷԿհס
Ÿʲôȫãһλúһ£սѵ֮ˣӨԼİ취
ճǺЦһ˳ְӢ˹
λҴ󽫣ʱǹ࣬ȴǱסѨá
ȫǾ壬ûǰĲһ



1318 ΪӪ£
ճþת͵ǿ˫ǿֱƿʽֻһҵ󷨱߽⡣
ƣӢ޷⣬лӨҲǿ̫
ôҲ벻ס
֮ѹ֮ôģ
Ȼ⣬Ҳϰճǿ󣬲ͬ
ǰкλʿշ²˵սɢݸо
ôձཱུЩճȴö˼ˡ
˵ʵڵģ˼֪ʶŴ֮еʵ۵ĹҲһлӨ˳֡
ЩʱһֱǸ߸ϣֻǰһЩרҵ鰲ȥ佫ĳ˶ѡ
ΪһλߣһҪʲôֻܾͨҪˣ÷Ȩûʲô첻
ںݳȻûôĳ佫лӨȴϵµġ
лӨ
ճһλмֵʵòҲĽ۷ΪѵõϵͳĴԽ
ûȥˣԶҲ⣬Ǹ괩Խʲôִš
лӨȻΪɢˣСѧ֪ʶ棬ʮа˳ɣ֮õĸּɡ
Ҳ˵ѧѧ֪ʶǼһµλ棬ͳ
ʱĿԲͨ۳ʱףȴǱյļܡ
Թʱ˵Ѫ۵㣬ǾͲһϸ
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Ϊǽλ濪ʼһѿ
˭ôһ죬ߴƿһӴ˷
٣ȴԼûⷽļܣӶʧǸεıڡ
лӨ̵ӢһֻһĽʡ
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֪żͼںݸȨ󣬳һһҲδɡ
ΣճĹһӶûסúΪ֮
˵һ磬ֱƵһЦ
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ںǲںȨ
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ת£ѩСһ㿿ճļͷߴߴ˵ʲôȻͶһЩĽ
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λһֱֵŮ޲Ҹİɡ
ĺҪʲô
Щգоѯ
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ʵǣճûж˲ţǼΪҪ
лӨȻҪؽ𻪵Ѿ˸ȴǲûˡ
ճ뷨֮У׼ִм̣ѽ𻪺һߣһλºأǿѡ
ˣԼǮһ򱱷ƿشֵѡ
ΣգҲΪҪ
ǰŮ˲ͳԦҪ»˲ʵҲΪȴǺʡ
ֽùٸκβãͿԿ
ĶԲߣճû̫Ұģֻ뱣סе̣һߣɡ
ɲΪʸ֮УޱҪ
ĳƼ΢ʦո¶˱ɽһǣҵķҲĳǰѹ˷
ỹǾ
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һ㶼СԷֶΡ
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ͱڣֻҪиǧķֳֻĴԼҪɾȻԱĴ
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ǵԼλһ¾һĵĴҺǿ
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ˣҪʱˡ
Ȼе鲻ҪǵʵԵƿأø˼ѡ
ѰΪ壬ǽٴγ֣ȴްġ
üɫԼȫȨƿرһɳѹѹͷûʲôϲɫ
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룬ճ͸¶˶ãҲӵд˵طģֻԱɡ
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ѧᣬЩǿĵôΪҸɵɽ
ǺǣǴģܵõط¾󣬷Ͱ°뱲ңһ



1319 ȫϣ
ˮ·ͨ˴ֻҪסˮ·ѹͻСϺܶࡣ
ˮ壬ﵽĽ۷֣ʱͻ׾磬½ϣˮУǿսѵõָӲܡ
˲ţճҪġ
λշѣҪľİ£ȴ̫ס
ʵŵ롣
ԭ򣬾ճ֮ʱǿйء
ѹߣǺķڷȻϻ۵Ůˡ
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ʱڵĳЩʿҲһƲԱ߿֡
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ҪĻΪıѾûʲǫ̂ǣң¼ҹһûҰġ
Ÿܲŷ£ԼҽͳѪӵˣճͲȥշ
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˹ؼطѻ꣬ҲֻѵһЩϢ
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ճ۾Ӧһ£ͷУȫǸֱʹѹ
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ЩͷճǿԪ֮£类˴̻˲ʧӰ
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ŶԷƽָƽճƣϴζ˵Ӧܱһʱ䲻ٷôŸոհ졭
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ҶԲʦ֣ϸɽһУȴ뺦
Ľѩɫ
ԭˡճˡ
ԸȼʵҲ˵ľء
Ľѩܱƽʲôȥ룬ȻܱúܳһʱƲٸ
ֻҪȻκȸַ˼֣һ֮Ͻ͡
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ճЩͷۣܷζԷܣϾò׾˻ҡ
ÿ͸ķһžˣȻҲԶ
ϡǵĽѩ߶Լʦ
ĻԵ֪ɳǿԽġ
еģ͵͵˳ʦͲ֪ʦҲղϢ
ճﲨһĵ˵ȥ
һԼŽԼĴôҲΪż
ӣʵǿܲ뷨ҴʦֳĽѩ˵
ʱʮһ
걻Ⱦܷ˾ϵȺףָӲ
ճܣùһбţҡҡͷ˵Ǹһ
Ľѩ̱ûҰճ͵ǲԸȥˣ֪ģĴڼ࣬ƿصԸΪǿҿͿҪͻԪ״ﵽһˡ
ʣµĻȻ˵ڡ
˼ʵо磬ɽƾʲôȥˡ
ΪʲôҪȥˣ
ʵճ뷨Уʵ˼ǣλҶ֪ûʲô飬ǸǰĽѩҲûཻ̫飬۰Ͱ͵Ϊƴ
ɻǵãԼ۽½λصӼãˡˣһ˻ظ۵
ʱ̷Լͼıʲôһģǧ֮⡣
ճΪ鵭ĮĽѩһʹһСſڵʵľʵѾͷˣֻҪ׼ʲôʱȽ٣Ҳлֱնȥ䱾ġ



1320 ȫ£
Ƚ٣
ǰǷԪС١Ϊⷽ磬һﵽԪླ磬ͻ᲻ʱӭǰãֻҪ취˹ȥͻᾳȻûвȴ޾Ľɹһһ֣ÿһζһǿ
£
ճһѹתͻƶת֮Ųƺӭʲô֮һ㡣
ΣһֱƼȴ벻ʲôԭɡ
ֻǲźܿţеǰԲŻˡ
ʱĽѩ˵Ԫ٣Ѿ
Σؼ䣬ȴָĳλ
ǧȷֻҪɳʱ̶򣬾Ϳʱ֡
ھ֮УʲôʱչصϢӦþͼıŶȽˡʦһȻʱԪɢʮԺ֮УʵҲֻԪΪóӽɵķΪжǿ󷨺»֮˽ݾѡ
˵ŻĽѩڴƺճ֪Ϣɱǣ߹㣬Ժ
ճȴȴǰ䣬ûйעˡ
򼾫᲻ᱻץסȽٵĹؿԣƨ°ؼ⣬ұҲزԺдСٸ޾ĶȽ١
뵽ﲻһɺ⡣
ǰ·Ԫ񲻵ýӭ
ѹִ˷磬ʲôʿ
һŪ´ңֲֹ
ԭܼ򵥣ߣΪ츳⣬ͬͱȲսǿᡣ
ֻͬԪڣ־ͻѶԸ
ԣҲû˭û¸ɵģȥĶԸ֡
ֻҪǱƵû취󲿷Ԫˣ¶רŷôȽٰɡ
Ǹ
ҲпܣЩԪ񼶸ˣѾһٸˡ
ԣ󲿷ִ˾ѹƾ磬Ԫ֮£ΪڱظӦ
£һҲ롣
ֻеȵԪ֮ʱһ
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ʦ֮УԪ񾳽ôȽٵģ
ȻǶڶ츣֮УԸŵرΪɷԪûˡ
Ԫ飿
ճǵڶδĽѩʡ
ţԪԣÿһηǻһ㣬ܹӦСǰļʵǽģȻơˣҪɱҪﵽԪ׶ΣȥķɱֳɰǧҲûô
һ仰Ľѩȴû˵һ޳ɷԪԪʿǵǸ߸ϵĴ
ԼʦҲֻһһ֪ȥ˺η
ԪڸԪ֮Զֻһ硣
ճ뻹ǴŴɺðһͨŵӾ˼ʶԼⶼƲʿȫһӣʯͷӡ
ԣŮǰڵģΪ˵ǷԪ飬ŵرж츣ءŵرҪҵ̰𣿡
һ仰ҲǷﵽԪ࣬ȴһ˵Ԫ񾳽֮ļѺΣգ֮ⲻھƣںɽˮ֮䰡ϿڿҪҰæԸȳҶ֪ʵ뷨ȴˡŻɽˣȥʦֵ
Ҫɽ϶ҲôףʲôΣաô͵˻š˻ͱҪЮ߱ԼҪͣдܴ󡣡
һճЩĿһĽѩ
ҲģҲЩԹԼҴʦ˰ɣ
ԹҶ֪һҪ껨׷ɽöʦַͣƲԼҲܲɻָˡ
ӵȴʦ˵ȥֻÿڱտڵԼȥԸȻҶ֪
Ůģ롣
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Ŷʦô˵ճﰵš
νżһ棬Ľѩ˵Ļģֻڶճı˵һٻ
Ԫʮ񣬿ΪǿܷԷ˼٣ĽѩȻȥ
˵ºҲؼƽϡ
ܲܵõֵķ߼أЩҲ˵ֻҪҵԷʦλ꣬Ϳˡ
ԺһһճЦô죬ҪԸȻʦֻ֣ܼ͹ɽõġ
һЩӣճ쵶ն飬°ȥ
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Ϊ˵ЩԱǲĹʵҪܹ¼ɡ
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뵽ҪĽѩȥɣû˹ӵص˼
лӨúõ̸֮󣬾ʹط𻪣ݾ¡
ֵǣѩȻûиճȥ𻪣ֻ˵ԼںסϰˣϰգЭﴦһЩ顣
ճһֱʱʱòź飬ʹҲ²˼Ҳǿ
ĶԼճȻӮˡ
ѪѵԱ˵ܺѵϣճϸڣٻԼݣͰй֮һһ
˵ؾԹֺ󣬼ԷϵľϲףԱҲѲġ

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ε˵ŶƤҸ
ճص𻪣һֱճߣʮָȤļ£Ҳ᲻
ֻǾһЩУѯ顣
ţﶼȥˣֻҪϰȣҲúúְС
ճºЦ˵øһ

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ڳԯһλ𻪷ҲǻһЦ
ת֮ճֳ˷Ѿ𲻴
ںߣؽϵķ˲ʹԪ֮⣬ʵȻǿ
ճѵĽ˷У졣
ֻûбľתܣֻǱʿǿ
ҲҪƾһ书ֻҪߺɽǵȼǿԪ༶
ٴ׻ȼҲֻһԽ
֣ƽ͵ĽϵشѾ㹻ˡ
Ҫǣճ֣ԼֳԪ֮󣬷ܹر
ΣʱܻһЩԽٵķʽԪ񽵵ϣ޹˼ɡ
˴Ľѩɽճûиκˡ
ֻĳһ¥ƻ֣ᷢסֺŹڵŮѾĵ뿪һӡ


1321 󾳣ϣ
һ·ߣ·ԽԽƫҲϡ١
ľ˹ٵ
ճһСﻻӶĸһ·ɽ
Ѿڴϵؽ磬·ʮּѡ
ճԼߣȻǱоĽѩˣ弸ܶճÿһʱҪԸҲֻ·
˵⣬Ϊ˰ȫΪ
ԣճһֱڽ𻪣ûĴߣԸ־ɫǺȤġ
һ·ɽɽˮţƷһ²ͬĵطζһЩȤ
Ľѩһ·磬˵Ҳ֪ʲô
һգһɽ£ӶҲԸˣĽѩȴһЩ
ճ֪ӦǵĿĵˡ
ɽ𣿻жԶ
һ·Ľѩֻ˵˵û˵ôȥɽš
ճ֪УҪɣôҲڽĴ
ȻԷָ·ĵ
ҲסʣֻǰС
˵ͷĽѩƺûʲôֵˣҲһЩЦݣ˵߷壬һɽȣкΪ˼ǵĿĵؾǶ
ſɣ
ճҲŮӵɬſŲɽֱȥ
ɽľʢŴеʪŲľõĳζʱʱĴһζ
·ߣʱû·Щճ˵Ͳ⡣
ʱߣƮУֻʱ䣬ͼĽѩ˵
·;֮У˳ɱֻ׶һֻһֻһ㶼ﵽĽףӦþĽѩԼ͵ԭˡ
һˣ治һɵͨƬ֡
деһƬȵطƽ深Ϣţó
ĺˮͬ¶䣬޷ˣӳյһɫıʯ
߻ֺܼŽڵĻٺۼ
ƺʢӦ˴ѡ
ճһ۵Σ
Ϊ˿ŵģżȻҲԼĿ꣬ҲͲȥġ
޷Ǿĳһɻߴ䣬߱Ѱţڲ𲢣ţȻ֮һ桭
ǣ˵õأô
ճһֱԼӦΪţʱȥһƽʲôûиӦɰơ
ڲ棬ںСǺĵһӰûУˮиСͨ棬ֱȥʦ֮С
ĽѩճıЩԥʵ˵˰ɣӣǸͨһ磬Ҳ֪֮ͨʱ᲻зգ㵣ĵĻֻǰͽȥͿˣԼȴûҪðյġ
ʲô
ճһͻĲĽѩû˵ѣ˵зʲô˼
ĪǣΣ磬˵ԸԼһͬȥ
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ǰ˵˵ģҪԼʦţ˵ʦжֵķ
ʱڣǳ
Ŷչ˵Σղ֪ʲôУȻʦÿ˷磬ʦųҲǿԣ֪ΪβǿԴ̫𣿡
ճһֱиʡ
˵ƶ磬һ磬˵󴫳š
ûסһۣһ˵ġ
Դ̫һԭ򣬵Ҫԭ򡣡
Ľѩ鸴ӵĵʵ磬ԪϵʦųԸڵӣҲԸģǡ
˵ɫЩȻ
Ȼ˴ʦҶ֪Ϊһ껨˷磬󲻵ܣöʦַͣƲʬ޴档
̾һԪϵʿΣգųѹƣ˷Ӳȫʵңʱʱ̶̿ӭֽ٣һСľͻǰһʱ䣬ĳЩЯƵƵ⣬˾ˣҶ֮Ϊ̶Ѩ
ĽѩԶֵͨʦ֮УҲǽأƽţϽͨУǲ˷ȥġ
˵˵ʲôֹת˵Ҫͷˣ¶Ĺȥ²˳٣ˮɡС̫أֻзʦأʦ֣ܹҽá
ճӦһЩȸԾûĽѩδ֮⡣
ȥһ
ҪͻԪƷףҵǰһǸᡣ
ˮʮף͸оһϡ
ǰһĿһ֮ӯӯˮӳ֮£һ鲨ıɫ⾵һ˸ߡ
ǰһʯ̨ơ
Ľѩ⾵ѵõϲһƬʯ̨ϡ
ӿӴԪ
һᣬ⾵ͷƣˮһ㡣
ˣȥˮС
ճЦЦĽѩ˽ȥ
ƬʵʲôԿ׺֮Ķһװá
ԼֻҪԪֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ϳ㹻⾵



1322 󾳣£
ǰһڣոս⾵ճ
ǰʹ⻪˼άŤԪʾ
һ޿ɵֿѹ˹Էķˣһѹһ˲䶼ûмסͺȻ顣
Ѫ⡢Ԫ̣˺ѹ֮£ۼþҪ
ˣȼա
ԴеˮҺҼţһǿΰסԪ
һʵճԤ֮У֪Լ;ת֮Ԫֻһһ飬ʱԻת
ڿչǲһġ
֪ΪתƫЯָߣһδԽʱͨε괩ԽȴǴΪͬ
ͨͶɺһܲסӴѹֻɲǼ䣬ԳܣƥֱԪֱѹɷĩڳ
ȻЩ⣬ճı󶯣ҲԤǾǶˡ
Уδָ֮ʱǲоƬܹ괩Խʱգָ˸ܵڣԽʱոӦ׾ٲǡ
ȷûܹʱͨѹ
ȴ֮⡣
˷ѰСѾͷʮ۵۹ۣѾͷжûгɡ
ɽճϳһȦǰתصһ
ﶸȻһԵĽѩȴԷͬûһûκѹ֣·ʱͨΪһ塣
ֻ۾ţȫͣͣƺûʶ
ôܣ
ճü䡣
ǲ֪ʱͨеգһӦùȥ
ûǰռ任ǽ̤ʵء
һʻϢ
ϢԪ
ճӦڻһ˽ȥδԪ΢΢Ǵ΢ɲһ˿
Ҫǣĸо֮УԴͻԪ֮󣬾صһ㡣
ʱȴǸɾȥ˫أֱƮȻ졣
֪Ǵ˸о޲ˣصĹȫһ
⿪ˣʱصͷĸоҲʧ١Ľѩ˵ûǷ磬ͷ˷Ѻõöࡣ
ϲ֮£ոĵǧԴԴҲԺ󣬸ǰɻ
Ϳɽˮ
ȸߴߴš
һβ߳ĻҡͷԵĴԲԶԵʮ
ŵ㣬˳ζȥճ𵭵âͼһԴԵҩ֥Σŵ׹⡣
Ű򣬾Ȼ˲ժⷽؾ˸𣿻رʵڣҩֲﶼĻʺ񣬲ʳá
ˣЩҩʵ˹ֲҰģ糤·ԵҰһ㣬ӡ
ԪܿƵķԪ缢˼µ˺һ㣬ԷԶתճ̲ס̾Ϣһ

һ
ʲô˸ôأ󵨣
һȣ֮гһž˸ӫӫâ
һâֻһͳԶľ䡣
ոճ֣ͱķУһΪţŻ
ֹ棬˱Ծţٱ
иִݾ
𡭡
Ľѩոѹͷ̣æڼɫ䡣
ѾˣâѾĺҲǰ
Ȼ
ճеϲ⻹ûɢȥͼ̡
һϽâһȭվȥ
¡¡죬޾޹ġ
һǱ紵һ㣬һȭɶ
â׷꣬ⰵ
Եâճһֵָģ໥ײŵɶȥ
һŽܼ֮󣬺âŷѪ⡣
˶ˣһٵɶȴǼͷһǺݵģڵش
ճףˣãâȴǴŻ𶾵ڣ˿»ܡ
⻹ΪĽѩһԽһ΢΢һ档
ƾ⼸һɱֵľٶͲֻǼ粿ˡ
Լˣ
ĽѩʱŰһ仰˵ȫЩֵĿճһۡ
ճȻͻأɱֵˣԼ
ǽأ˴ҲΥ棬ʦȴǲ֪顣
ճ˵ͷ˵ͻȻһݣԭػӰһλ
ԭվڣһӨ⡰ݡһ˹ȥ̹֮
ճعͷŭ⡣
ȴһһ߳Ķ̽Ʒٶȿס
Լͷʾ㿪Ҳûȫܹǵ⡭
ͷﱻ˿İۣʱӤʹСһڡ
ܵҵֱѱնϣһϪˮϢⷽλԷնҵұۣҰﻹһ໥նֶۣΡ
ճԺһͷŭŭ͵ϮĵˣŭԼ
ֻĽѩ˵ԼˣȻķɾ裬⹥
ڴ˵أЦ˴
ףȻ֣ܶ㿪ҵĸѹָʦܡ
һ۶ֿŵһ˷ܡ
һ׹ڰ֯ĹӰʹ̳˰ལ
ڰ׹֮Уһ΢ɲĺߣݺύ켣
˫ʹ̳һƬ纣ꡣ
ܲľ৵һɢƬƬϸм
ɣ׽ڽŻ©һ߾İһء
ϢҲֻǸոմﵽԪڣһЩ⽣ȴǴδʮѲ
ճλ̣ԭؾԳʮӰ߻Ծ𣬻бܡǺڰ׹Ӱһһ̿ա
Ľѩ˾ҲǼˣʦ֣飬λǵˣʦΣգҲõŷʦŵġ
Ҳˣʲôʦ㲻ôأ˽Ȼʦܵġ˳˱ʦܣúýѵһ£˻Ϊص˵
¶ȴǰ˾Сͯģͷ裬ۣͿ죬ȥʮֿɰüصȴһҲǡ
ʱĿ亮⣬ָǺڰ˫ȴ籩һ㹥ȻལûһֿȭĶ֣ʮŭˡ
ʱѾ׼ۣ޹˼ɣйҪ
ճ˵֪϶صϵˣ˴¶ˣȴԷûûˣƳԶԼ
ЦȻˣͲҪҲˡ
һٲ㣬һ̤棬ɽͬը𡭡
䣬ˣĸڰ׽һ΢΢һ͡
Ľѩһɵûϣ;һůȻһַֻһѣϵһıҲ˳ȥ
ովȣͼǰâһ籼ףʹ̵ʦǰ
Ǻڰ˫ʱΧȦӣոնȥճԭصĲӰҪԮ
ң
Сͯ׹Ӧâ̹ǣʱĻѾ̵壬ʧ֮ŭֹ
ճ˫һһСͯ˫֮ϣžһ죬ǹͷ۶ϣŽԾ鶯һںڰ˫ն֮ǰǻתݺݳС֮ͯϡ
ԶһͷԵ֮Уݵϸߡ
飡
һº͵ɤԶâһâҫĿ
ƲѿһĿӣһǿϢϯ


1323 вʣϣ
ǰһȥСͯԱǶһˡ
ʮͣɫۣЦƽȴͬһ㣬档
ճûʲô⡣
תԪĺĵ趯Ƽ䣬һǿѹ
뽣ϣԪ༶֣һˣǳ뷨࣬СͯģʦҪǿ࣡
ճһͣбָ棬΢΢䱸š
ӸӦϢ֪˵ԪΪ磬ԼҪǿһ
ȻûаѾת档
ʵϣճΪѾԽԪΪһΡ
ҲԽʱͨܵʮǿѹԭڡ
Ҳˣͱ뻨˱Դ֮ͨ
Ԫ񾳽磬ͲȫתΪԪʣҲˡ
ºԪΪͬתΪͿ԰ȫΪԪʵأʴԽռʴԽҪʮֹ
ʱҲ軨Ѷ˻֡
ףãôŪģˣǱ˭ˣ
⿴ˣ˵һ䣬ҡͷ̾ϢһĶ̫ʡˡ֪͵أȥ磬ͣҲȥˣ֪ͣأǲԸ֪ʦѾţ淨ȴ̰ɫԻǰ;
˵ҲĽѩش𣬾߹ȥСͯ
Ҳ˶Էĳ壬𱸵ʦܣǳס⴦أʦõ˻˭ɽҰûأȻǸʦһĿˣǾɵĿˡ˵һ֮ˣܵٳְɣ˴˰ɡ
ЦǺֹ˵һͨȻǸ롣
ڣôһ߰µ˵ǰŵյȥࡣ
ʦ֣ұ˴ˣҲ˵ұ𣬻һ˵ôʦֵ𣿡
Сͯʮֲ˵һݺݵĿճ
Ӹղŵľ֪ԼǶ֣Ҳûٴγֻ֣˴ߺţü䲻һ˿ʹȴҲû̫ൣġ
֮ʿ˵ֶϹǣֻСˣȥҩйһͻת
λ˵ĵӣżҩˣǲը̡
洫ʦҲһֻܷڣʲô˼ûˡ
Ľѩӣһʱûסˮ޵磬֪ʦֱһֻץȥˣʦҲֻɱˣҲһʦţܾͻزˡ
ŶΪŴʦ֣Ҷ֪ҲܣͣҲϧˣˣû¾ͺãȥʦɡҪһ飬ȥ˴ΥĴԺѧȡţĴܡ
۵һ˿̣ԺЦŶԱ߲ճ˵ûлӳС񣬸ո͵Ϯ㷴˵ľʦСͯТͺСʵȴѾʮˣֻΪʱʳҩʦҪɣɾͷԾģǺǣʦΪЩçײҳҲֵѣҺ飬û˵ãá
ճ߶Ҳ̲סЦ
ĵҲû˵Сͯʱ޲óҡ
һЩոǳֵʦصֻǵûԪ񣬲ûгɾͷࡣ
ѵлʲô
һλʦ֣ûڣԷ˵Ӹȥʦʦųƽɣ֮һ¶Ǵġ֪ʦӺźɣܲӣϧȴûһϺ÷ɽǲȻҲұõıȥӦˣһϺýҲ򲻹㡣
ֹǫˣĳֻǶƴյһЩ£ǳŴɣʵԶҵĽܵʦָ̣ǰ;
ճ¶ʮ۵Ŀ⣬ܺõı뷨
Ľѩ˸ɫһǻ
ĽѩҲ֪ôģҲʦ𷣣ϴµŵԣѾ˾⡣
һ㱵ģֻԼ£Ҳ֪һ߰ճ˵˵û
ҲֻҪصʦţһ䣬Ҳͷǰ֣λá
˵õĽҰʦأ˵õĴ¶ֵķأƣΨŮСҲȻϲ۰
ճﰵţȴҲڡ
ǻ˸Ци˵ԵҲûʲôĽġ㿴ЩŵӣҩһȱǾʲôɾ͡ᣬеۺЩɵҲȥ
Ȼճ˼˵ڴճ书ʵȴתľܾ⡣
룬ЩⲻȥֲһǴӱģҲǲ£Ǹһ㣬ҲԵҩֲһֻϧľԪɵͲðˡ׷ɽ˼Ȥ֮ٻҲûʲôõġ
ճһ㶡
ûԪ޲ɣɵģļҵ˵
̫˰ɡ
ֲ޷ֽ䣬ʲôģڵ˵ǳɼҵŮ֮ų޵ڶС˵Ҳޣǰʦ˶ϼҴڣ˼Ҳ¹Ѫ
뵽ճͻȻһˡ
ȻЩģЩӡ
ƲԪصģɽһˣֻҪƺһ㣬ȻתֻذֻΪһ
ǵ뷨У˷ſ׳Ԫ
ţеĶϴУŮľϹţȫû⡣
ȫûǰ;ġ
ŸյӣҲܿһ㡣
ͷճǰ۵ʿʲôͷ
ѹǰЩ졣
СͯТɽ



1324 вʣ£
طǱأͬǴɣȴһ
ڴ˷磬ӦѾ˶üˡûĽ׶Ρ
سʦһԪʦɮͳɾȥɽ磬ǽɽ·֪ʦƽ̡
ɾȻ޷ģճЩ
ŻҪȥȻǴˣţӦ޵ġ
˵üӴĵͳüͽڶ࣬ʵǿЩˣҲǲ̫ˡֻǵɢɢļһЩƬΣʱϰ֮ʱû̫ע
ճǰļȫζһ飬ҲԼûȫʱЩź
»ǼţͱȽģвɡǲ֪Щﵽ׸кβͬǴﵽһ磿
ճ˻Ļ˼ҲֻĬĬ¡
ǹͶӰλ棬ΪʵͶӰĵϣдôһƪ
࣬ʱҪ׷ԴҲǲܡ
ൽΣҲȥ
ֻҪܹԼԪΪǽ⣬þתٽ㹻ˡ
ȡˣѧȡýǵ֮
٣ʵʵôҪ
߹һƬɽ·Ϫǰռһͼ¥̨
꣬Ŷ̴ƷˮľʯһȻ
һʵǿһЩټ䳡֮ϰǹüҡ
Զ˾͸ˣеڰɽϣеĶ̨ͤԱߣŵϢţڱǼİɫâ
¾Ԫ
Щ˴󲿷ֶû̫ʣԺѧһ㷲ѧɽ³ǳؿУߴһݼҵҲɽһ
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ճЩˡ
ÿɶֻἰȼˣڿԶԶû򵥡
ǺεţǴɳ˺ѡġ
ңЩŵӣܹɵ㴫ˣȻԼȥǮȥҩôԴӺζ
ֻҪɽŵΣѾˡ
ڶŵӾɵĻʯǵѧѣԼѧ֮ÿТԴ
ҲЦ󲿷ʦܶ˼ңȻҲһСˣǳţҪˡҶ֪ʦܣ츳ͼãϣɾͷĵӣֻǣƫ·
ϧȴǲͣţͣ½ŲͷЦˣʲôԵʦ𽲡
ճȻ˱ЦģʵʲôţʱûԼ
ӣҲһʡ͵ĵơ
ϡ֮Уɽ紵һ߹ڲ۷ͼʿ
ʿվ±ߣ˷ȥָڱһֻź룬˫ĿԶã
Ӳ෽ȥˡ
ճɫ΢΢һ䡣
ԪӦ֮УλʿϽ죬ɽһ㶥صģϢҲڲϵı仯
ʱ㣬ʱٻʢ
һ˾һƬ
ϸˣճף˵ԪΪܸߡ
ĽѩԪɾͷ֮󣬽ҲֳΡͬԪڣΪʵԶ
ûг֮ǰÿһԪ񾳽Ĳǻɹ
˵׳ԪԪȵһ㾳Ƿ仯ܻû࣬˽ģǧ򻯣˷ʤ
ľǷأԪɳ˽ɴɽͣС΢ǿƥ
ͬһĽޣ޿ɲ佣
ٺľǷԪ飬ÿһ˿ԪԼ˼άһȥܻΪɱУһҲΧԿôɣһһҲɵֵȺ
ճԪɾͷ֮󣬾ûкһź
תϾԪĹһЩ㡣
Ļ˵ǿ˼㣬תҲǾ̬ۺ
ʲôб仯ءԪȵȣȴҲû
ʱǰˣԼǷȱһ档
תȻԼԽսǿĲţֳܹ֧Ϲ
ǣԪľΪҲǲ£·ߵȵ
ϴ˵УԪޣƵ̹ڡ
ƫһߵ߾硣
ĳһΣͻǰѡ
Ҫǣ˫ԪսҪǿϺܶ࣬ͬս޵С
뵽ճֿĽѩһۣϣǰŵԡ
Ȼɣܵø갡Ҳ̰ģֻҪϰùһ֮أܹͿԡ
ν֮أʲôطԣճҲˣЩΪѡɽҰ
ΪЩطһʮ
˷磬ֻǶ̶һʱ䲻֮䣬͸оԪкô
ΪѾ֪ǽ˲١
ٴǳĹּŨԪ֮УҲɹ
ճźɽͬϫӿӨ۲
֪νĶ츣أԪˡ
ʺգкȻ
ŵöˣԪﵽ˼ĵزҲĳɡ
󣬵ȻкʵĹɣ㣬ٻŮȱٵģ˴ȫС
ǣʱ޿̲ͷΣԴ˷磬Ҳĵĵȥ
֪ǲΪ˴Ƕ츣أճоԼޱɻ飬ڡ
ԺתһЩͷǱĽѩѾǰ˵Լľ
Ҳûж𱸣ֻǶһۣºЦ걻ħۣҲʲô£ؼʦ֮޴һޣָܻ
ûʲôϲֵи˵ԵҶ֪ͣ˼ȻѾˣǾͲˣҾ͵ûӡǷ磬ΪʦȥҲܼѵģһСľͻ
˵ᣬľͲἰתͷճС磬лܻСͽһ·طʦţҪúøлСʱһ·ҲˣȻȥͷЪϢţҸСͽ˺̸
˵ºͣ紺绯ꡣ
ճʱףΪʲôλʦȫǺѣ˵Ҳ߶߶ģƫƫģٶʮţԴȴʦϰ
һ˵𽻵˺
ճҲ¶Ц⣺ǰˣͬˣΣӦ
˺䣬ʹճ׼ȥЦʵСвʣϴһЩ澫Ԫҩ裬Ѱһ㡣
ճЩƣԼûвΪʣ
Ҳûж룬ֻǵͷӦǰģǡ
תɽճ룬̾λȻž֮硣
뵽ӣԼĳ硣
ɽɵλţҲִŵľ֮磬룬Ҳþûˡ
֪Ƿ絽ôˣԼɻź
ôԵɵľȺճȻʧЦҡҡͷɽ



1325 Ǹǻϣ

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ֱĵףصȫһӿ־顣
翼䣬һĨϼոճ֣дĻִ۵ףӳɽһƬ޺졣
ĳ紵ľҡţµ¶顣
һɢڳ֮Уû״裬˼ɾ
ʯˣĪĵת۴䣬ʮɢд⡣
һģüԲЦܣһ˫Ʊգš
һִ֧ɫȣƽ֪ʦ
һŻɫۣͷϱһ֧ľݹ׾棬ʱĿԶᵯָŵССӡ
Զ
Ҳǳأ˳ӵˣڷ壬ƽز£ż̸ֻӹҲ⡣
ֻȴһ˿ɫ
ʦ֣üʢϸǿ޼ɡǴԣӢ֮˵ܴ˴ƾͽͬǲǵöһЩ׼õʱΪѡ
ӵǧذתƺʾ롣
ʲô׼ģ㲻㣬λʦʦɱ⣬ֻǰЩüüȥԼµҲȥռλãʲô⣿ʿ֪ȥɡ
֪ʦü˶û⡣Ʊյ޵Ŀ˶ɽͷһֵۣʦҲˣ֪Ǹǻأ͸
ӵ⻰Ҳ̾ϢؿһģΪǴƲδ˶Լ⣬ʦƽҲ̫Ȥˡʦһ㣬ʹ˷£ǱĿޣܻһ˿
̸ס֪ʦҡҡͷͻȻ۾ĿоâһʦܾȻˣûеְ
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˵ͬһɣʵ͵ķѣ˭Լ㡣
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ȼĸˣƽﱻ˳һɣʲôУ
ʱ䣬ֻǱĿޣ
λʦܣȴЩ뷨
˺ܶţƽﻹĴ߶ύʿ֪ʲô⣿

֪ʦýԶɽңңԣҲû̫
Ҫʲô飬Ҳλƽ̣Ҳû
Щ壬Ҳһ
Сѩ˵ʱº⾵֮ʱûгʲôֻƽƽ˲룿ϸϸһ£ɲҪǴˡ
ڴ֮Уǰλӡ
СͯТΪŵӣȻ趨ʡʦ̵
ĽѩԴηأΪľ̼ܵҲΪȣǰ档
һֱҶ֪ͣƼ˾ӣֻʱ죬ܵõ洫
ʱ˳¼ϵҲʲô¡
ȻҲԶݵԭ
Ȼ֮鵭ϵǶһ档
ʵأĽѩҵһ߻䣬һ˼ͽǵ·̫ȵַҽˮˣʧȥʶ֮ǰʹ࣬ɫ԰ס
ˡ
ЦЩ죬һͽܣ˵ǿ֪ܴͨʱգлͨƷ룬ҲᱻʱպɷĩġȻˣΪʲôСֿأңûܵʲôģǿ׳ܴϻеζ𣿡
ң
Ľѩһ
㲻һصӼʦ֮ʱҪǣһ˿ӡʦϣرȻͼǵǵϢҲ֪˿ͨʱͨѹƵԭ򡣡
һ밡ôˣͨһֱǣûػţͨ
񷢹⣬ԵЩ˷ܡ
λȫȻĻˡ
ƷͨΪα˿ͨϴʲô
СͯТȻѵżƷԣӦ鱦ܻʱգǷ䱦
ˡǺЦ
Ŷ룬
λϱ첻תָֻƽƺһЩʲô
ԡ̾ϢоĪֻʵλС˻Եο
̧ͷ¶õЦݣҫƽ񾲣밡һ׵ֵ֪ܲϧ츳ϧ˴ʣľʧԪ˵;ȴû뵽Ȼд˻Ե˾Ҳһи֮ˡʦ˳ˮۣϸĽ̵ҲɹǺã
һ˵ʮֳϿң䷢ġ
ɫȴǹŹһЦԲȥСûУú׼ȡɣΪʦúдһŶУù֮ˣҪԼһ棬پǷ¼洫
ǣʦֵϢָ˳ʲôءվò֮ᣬȥˡ
˵Żϲ̵뿪Ȼȥ֪ϲѶ
һž
ãЦ󻹼ǵ÷λԪҪôվ
ʦ𣡡
Ľѩɫס
Тȴϲɫ



1326 Ǹǻ£
Тһվ˵Ԫλ
תͷĽѩδףʦã͵أʦ𷣣Ϊźģνأ㻹ԥʲô
ȹҡ
Ľѩȫ
ˣ׷֮ʱһⲨöʦַͣƳΪѪҲԼɢ
о֮ʱסԼǧһ֮Σա
ҲˣԼȶ𣬻ԶǧﻤԼڡ
ҪҲ̫ߣֻҪԼʦ䣬ѡ
ȴֶôģ
̾Ϣһ·ϣһ֮ͻȻͬƣ費ȡ̡˥΢ʦҲǰ·ûиõĻԵҪ˶ͻҲӴûװ˷һֻأһԵ
ĽѩԾʱʱ࡭
վɽ³λӣ㣬мǲһ˿⣬һֱϵЦҲʧ
ùף鱦ѣ·ϣأ·˽١Ľ٣Ҫһ˳ĵõû֧źǿ󷨱ֻͲܡһõĻᣬҲŹСѩ룬ʦ鱦ȥǷҲ̫ΣգȻ֪Ҳ˿ܣҶʦֱĥ
Ľѩһ͵ʦõܲһϾд
ЦĽѩļֻҪûгԹֻҪԹԵķ鱦ҪʲôȥɣվԪλϤһҲ˵ˣΪ޳Ԫ࣬ûбԪԱС鱦ǾͰæһ
šĽѩҧҧʰ˼վԪλȴûע⵽СͯТеϷʡ
һǿ󷨱϶Ǹ󶨣Լǲԭ˴ûɢôܹǿжȡʦҲ̫ˡТﰵȴּɡ
һ˵õȮ졣
ʦܸһгһյóɣλ洫ӶȻҲűȥ
ʱֻҪĹʦĽŲ߾ǡ
ڻʦֺʦãһһɵȫʲôв
οǼһͨڻԼһ٣űأʱˡ
ƺʲôҲû룬ĽѩĸԸվԪλЦһŮΪңϲ죬飬²ɡӦ˾£±г
֮һȰĽѩվԪλ꣬ȴǽ¡
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ָܻ⣬ʱ͵ʴס
ܻаΪγɸԣ˳Ӧˣ²ɡ

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ȻҪʱȽÿʱÿֵܿÿĵ顣
ңֻһֺôҪԪĽ
һ飬Ԫͱû飬ոսһ㣬һſ۾һδˮ
ﷺǿ׳оճֱ
ٻŮϾŲͬˡͻԪ࣬Ҳͬĺ꣬ӡ޾֮£Ԫ·صӤʱڣ׳ɳ
ֵܣֵܣдϲ°㻹ûùŰɣǱ߳Աġ
˳˹һճЦ
һ׺һͻ˵ѣѵõǣҲѡ
ҲǴ˵еĳ֮İɣѹֽꡣǻ˾ʮ꣬Ҳ̬
ճȾҲϲãЦʵϲӺˣĳէҲʶˣ̸ϲ¡
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ѵʦƽҵ츳ͳճϲʵ
ǰʦ˶һЩġҲĿǳˣֻ뵽ֵԪʧ̣ȴûôһ񣬻Ե춨ȴұȲϵˡѹֵѧۺɾͷء
̫ˣ֣ǵɾͣҲ̸ֻʲôˡ
ճǫ
Ҳûж롣
ǲ٣Ȼû˿óԼÿһȷ˲١
ԵĻԼǵĩһͨˣܴԽ磬һߵԪɾͳڡ
˵ǻԵ춨Ҳ˵ùȥ
ϵģվǰʵճҲֵøⷽķ飬Ÿɵܡ
ģҲ˶üɶϵƣʦɷޱߡ
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Ҳ˽⵽Ժ֮ʱעһЩаħֺ
õʱһ׾ǲĸ֣Ǿͻ֮ӡ
ҲлĺôûʲôĵĻ롭
ŻͲһ㣬˵ţճһĬĬ£һЩЦá
һƽҲǱﻵˣѵʲô֪٩ɽ˵ʵֱͣ
ͣδͣ죬ͻȻһʦ˵ˣùžֵǰȥ뵱һԣȷʦˡ
˵ŻճǰС
ճЩգλʦֵǸˣȴĵԷ֣ǿļƤ
е֣ôҲϰ߲
˵Щˣϲִ࿴ۣߵߣЩܲס
ųЩ߰˼ճҲЩϲá
Ҳ˱ֲȻʵѾķѣȴ˿ȱġ
ֱ޵ɾ硣
ؾ͸ȱˣƴ֡
ȻȲ϶üǰʵǿҲһϺõʦˡ
ԼէȻᣬǻʲô޵أ
ˣһ˽ɡ
ڴе
ȥɣʦƢº͵ģֵúӦ𣬱š־һЩǰ¾ѣֻҪ񼱣Ҫʦ棬ܰʦɹҲ߹һصġ
ϲӯӯ˵ճһѣȻϡ
һʦͽ˶ԣΪǣ浽һЩ˽⣬ǲñġ
Ҳûʲôǽǵİãֻ߿һЩµĹۿɽŵ
ϢȫޣҲû⡣



1327 ʮ֮ڣ˾йϣ
һֱճΪ̫ǿǼ׳ܹ׸Ӧ˵⡣
Ϊ;ã֮ºԼǰŪĻֶΣҲͲ̫
ȷһ۾ܿóĵˣҲûʲôֵӵġ
ڣ־ͱָоˡ
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̸ճãһܲѡ
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ʱûаġ
ϾΪһˣܲʱصĲ顣
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Ĳá
뷨֮УԼɵжͼ񱨴ɣԷ˳ˮ۵ԼΪһͨӣһǿԵİɡ
ݶѣԼ˵ռˡ
ʵ֮⡣
һã͸оһǿѹԪ֮ϡ
ܵԪת˲֮䣬ʧȥϵ
ԭɵоȫʧ
ԪӾ֮У˷̱γ裬˼άתҲóٶ·ص˻δѧϰ书ĵ
Ϊ̨֮ƴɱǰ·沨ģһһ졣
Ϊʲô
ճ֪Ԫѹƣ겻ɵԭ
ûӦԪûԪɶݣתĽҲΪ˼гٶۣѹ治幥
̸ϿһȻˡ
ǻϵʱδӵһ
ڲԶң󿴵һֵǵ䱦΢΢Щ١
СͯТվߣݺݵĿиŵ⣬а׽ųӲӻ⣬ڽضӰ֮Уʱἤ
ĽѩΣȴޱȼᶨ
һѱɫŽ
˸ǰԶһ壬γһɽѹճϣŵָɽϢ˴
㲻ʦģҴӦˣǼ鱦˿ӣΪʦ㱣ţɣ˺
ЦǺǵ˵纣Хڴ֮γУݺݵѹճϣһһ
ԭˣǴԽʱͨʱ¶˰ɣ㾹Ȼƾ֮ͨλͨһЩ֡ÿ˶ܣҲʲô£û뵽ȻǶˡճתͷĽѩ
ﻹôһ¡
ԷΪԼ鱦ΨһĿܾǴĽѩϵ֪
ûŮǰùʲôôʱͨеĹˣɼȻƿͨȻеϸ
ͨʱ֮ͨʱ鶯˱Դ֮סʹõĽ٣ֻԪԽ
пܣֻ괩ԽΪһù
ܻסԪԽʱͨ磬ӦҲǺ˲һ顣
˻δҲԼˡ
±ˣ˶ŶԷһͻı˵ıοǶԶˣΪˣֻ˵ʱѲ⡣
ճվķλԼеԹơ
ǵĽμ֮󣬳ƵƷɽҲǺܲˣТеĺڰ˫ȴǲ̫ԶµûĸӦƷƷ𡣡
ǱƵıճֻһȥ֪ԼתѾתǿҲܿ㣬ֻҪŲžͻˡ
Ǳ̺żµķǿ󣬸һͬӲ˼
ƷǶƷأճǽһ£ȴʸ׵ġ
ûȥͱ˵ֻǿĽѩʵҼǵãʶҾȹһķԪΪˣ㷵ʦţôҲƵһشɣôҵģ
ҡңǼʦͿȥ֪ʦ֣ңһ飬ֻҪ㽻Ϊصӡ֮ʲô᲻õأԺ޵ɷǰ;Զ󣬱һҪǿϲٰɡ
Ľѩ֨֨ƺΪ˵ԼԽ˵ԽţȻԼҲΪճá
˵ǣҲţճˣڳԼˡ
ƵҲ̫
ΪԪȻѹסȴһֱδʾ
ûֿ̹ǵΣҲûһ̾𶥸о
Է󷨺Ѱ
ҲΪκ޽䱸֮ĵֱ̤еԵʡ
˵ԷʤȯյƣЦ
Ҳ˷ɸˣҲ˼ն񣬲ҺãҲ̫˽ҡ
ճͻȻЦαá
֣ˡ
һȣճ٩٩̸ƺһҲԼĴѾ˲ĸо
ΨһĽ;̣ոͻԪ಻õˣԪѹסǿĶ֮ʱƾʲô᲻ģ
ҲʲôľУͨԪʩչ
һ̣ѪħݷӰݷĹ취
һַ֮ҪȡȻܳɹ
ȦԪķѹסÿһ˿ԪĲԶ
ĴТĽѩҲͬʱų⣬һڰ׽âһ̹âͬʱҫ
ľͷһƬ𴦣ââĹԴݶ͸Ŵס˰ɷԲ
šһĲúȻ¡
ƬݶҲΪɽһɷ飬ķ䡣
⣬ǹ˲ԼסǷ٣ƬΧ֮һֻӡһ˿Ԫ
˭˵Ҫˣ
׵ը죬ʱ˶ߡ
ճӰתʵٶȱĴҪ졣
ԭ֮ǶһߵĴ󶴣Ѻķӡ
ǽ̤ľ޿ӡ
ӰһѾǰվһֿɼ
ʮ֮ڣ˾й
һ̣ٶȱȽٶȻҪϰ֣˵ͷת



1328 ʮ֮ڣ˾й£
ը֮УͼһɫӰһ͵ǰƺ˲һ㣬ȫûдǰɿĺۼ
û׶Է嵽ʲôͼһֻȭͷƿԪ֡
ȭ˸Ϊ
ȣͷתոմյ̰İɫâ˦βˣ纣ѹ÷ڼҾ߰ȫɷۡ
â֣ͻأһ䣬ΪһâСİߣֱֿ֣ճͷ­
ûԶ沿΢΢ݣѪ˿
ԼĽ⣬ֻһɲǾ˵Էϣڰƽ֮£ƾԷǿҲֵܵס
ûԷ鱦⣬һַٲԪ
Խǿ󷨱ԽҪƿأסԷԪòҲԻϲÿ¡
Ȼӣ治֪˭ģѵ֪Ԫ׷ؾ֮ͻԪ񷴲ǷУͨȭŸͲ˷ֺοԪ壬ǸոͻԪ׶ε幥˺ģҲûκá
һ̣һϵѹƣԷ¶ľͲ壬ȭͷԼλͣôˡ
վǼʶǳˡ
ϢϵȱͲ֪ԼͿ˵ϸ֪鱦֪Ϊ硣
һж֮У֪֪ˣԷȴʲôֻ֪ɣôӵơ
ˣһ˿Ц⣬ƺ˶ֽ֣Ҳһ
ֻҪӾͺá
Цݸոճϣ̱ɾ֡
֣Էһȭ䣬һ㣬ѹԼ糵ֵµϣȫûа㿹
ô᣿
ͬɫƺĲã⣬ڰ֮ͻȻסԪɢ
ǽɫȭ֮£صֱۿʼһƬƬϸ΢ķĩ
һһƬɫķǰ䡣
һȭͷСľСãȻѪ֮УһҪ
һ߼壬һ弱Ǵ
ףԪΪʵ壬ɴСܱɽƺܻΪâֶη࣬ԶԶ໥ҿµסֶΡ
ԷϬԪǿճҲľ
ĿǰԣȴǴѶ
ȻɵתĽŶԣֻ˵һ̫ˡ
һȭֵ֮ճû˿ͣ١
ûʲô뷨
ֱ۸ոֱͻȭΪƣɫͷһ˸ҪʹԪ
һоһĺУԪճһ
ڵ
ʱТĺڰ˫Ľѩıɫſ򵽡
֪ٶ֮졣
߶ĽⶼҪ١
ճʱ˲⣬Ͻâʢͬ
һ̽׽סתҪܵİɫ⣬һ׽ס֮˳һƳܣǰ׹ͱһŵĳ
ء
졣
ճʢ֮ڰ׽âײ
İɫ˿۱÷飬¶â˸Ľʵ⡣
ն棬ֻһϸϸѪۣһ֣ͱɰɫʧ
Ľѩıɫ⣬նɫȴͬնڽʯ֮ϣǣɶ
ϴз־壬Ҫսٻȴû˻ᡣ
ճأԻŵİɫתǱõɵĺڰ׷ɽ
ƷҵҪǿһ㣬ѾҵƤϧԪǿҪ˵ңȴԶ
ǱɫɽճѾˣĽѩǰӣзɽֻܿǾƷոտָУȴǸơ
ж˼ά졣
ճϽⱬǣǰһ粽ǿɾ룬ƽץÿ֨֨죬Тͷ¡
һǣТֻܿ·̣˼άҲһⶳᣬǺڰ׽ǰطɣɵһ룬ѵϡ
ֻоǰڣһۣͼǰ˸ӰѵĽѩԣȻ󣬾ͼõͷ­ա
ճα仯̤ͻϮڴ֮ͬӰݺȥ
ТĽѩ񾭷ӦӦԲ
ֹܸ࣬Ҳûʵס˺
ʦʦã
ԶԶһ󺰴ǻ
λ꣬վڰɽǰһĻĿѡ
׼ɽոߵɽ졣
ɫ
ڳ̹֮УʦһȭɱټʦʦñףֱԼ۾ֻǴ޺
ճĮȻһۻһͰѺڰ˫ͱɫץ֣˳յ鸮ڡ
һɨûзʲôҺͿռָ֮ĶȴЩơ
ĵЩս֮ʱѵұȫϵ
ˣǿԸԼһոͻԪ಼áǳ˷ɽʦͽˣҲûʲôķڿռ䱦϶ûˣҩؼأַ
ո뵽Ԫһ飬ϼƤˣֱ
á
Ҳ˲лİƱ˳Ҳ鸮ڣճһˣΪӰؼɣֱɽ´ȥ
˲ѡɽ·ߣľҲ˲öƾǿһ·ֱ;žžڶľɽʯ
һηˣ¡
һ߽֣һۣűʯȡ
ޱԦȻѹ䣬Ϊһצľ޴


1329 ͵תϣ
һ֣һӭǣңԶĸ֮ϣչԾʮγһĿ쫷磬ճѹ
ŵȫſϣ־ޱ䣬вͣһҡ
ʱѹдʹ
ӦӹĽ⣬Ӷˣ죬ʹҪ׷
ֻߣǿ͵ѹ쫷粨ѹصһϡ
ѹ֮ʱŵ汼ܣԭɲˡ
ҧҧץűһԾ׷ڽȴԽ׷ԽԶ
׷·ѾӰˡ
һ򵹵ϣİ
ֱʱΪʲôúõİʦ棬ΪλŪģ
˵õѭͽˣ׷ʲô£

ճʲôԻҲö֡
λһ濪ʼͶԼԴʲĴˣȴҲ᲻ɱ
ǶԷԺҪҲɵʱɱֲ١
ĳһ»һ£ǹ
ȻҪԭʵ֮ͻȻֵĲȡ
ʲô˼ûˣֱ𶥵Σñ˳һԴؼĴȫջֻ¼ѷɽսƷҲ㲻׳һء
̩ɽѹǿѹϣʱ׼ˡ
屻ѹÿ죬Ԫࡰ֨һͳ̨СѾͷոյõڸˣʱҲЩŵĽг
һɭȻɱԼͬǧ˿һ㣬նϣҡ
Ԫѹƣܷ죬ֻܴܳ
˭ǰҪǿࡣ
˵С⣬޶ˣճԪ񾳽ǿôλδ¶ĸˣ־ͻΪʮȻƽδ
ʵճһ濪ʼ˴⣬ԷԪ϶Ľѩ˵Ԫڶ׶Σ˷仯ͷصĸˣʵնɴȺҲһҲ
ΪԪڣðƽ֮ʱԪڡ
ֻһλΪԪǿΪ֮£Լǿ󣬴Ӷ˿
תﵽת׷һ̣ϻʤ֮ԪսȫԳƵԪϸ֣սϻҪռš
ͻȻĽȻԪռ˼ƣǧֶΣֽҲֻεıճһȭԪÿν
ȻճʤɣҲֻռ˶ԷϤԼԭ֪֪׷ŶԣҪӮ൱ѡ
λ³ֵȻļһȫһˡ
ģճԷȫλλѹƣҪ
ӣܻܿ
˫źԶɽ֮ϣǷȳ֣ǣķԪʮɷԲѹ飬ԼԪ϶
ʵǿƥ
ʵģɵؽҵȻֻһˣǴӻ˵ģصƽ֪ʦȷĪ
ʱԺ˵λ֪ʦʵΪüɶ˿
ķѣ˼һɢɳ
ˣά׹ֱüɵǿƵɾλʦϡ
ԪΪﵽķԪ龳磬ѿɵֶ֮棬֮㣬޷ȡ

Ųˣɽ嶼ѹó°ߣֱճ
ͷһΣ΢΢ɢңһͷԵڵء
ֻңԼо
ˣɱˣͱһһ֡Ȼû֪ʦΪǿȴó깥Իꡣ
ҵԪ֮ɾתȻǺܸߣȴǧǼͲܳŵס
ճɫһףûаͷս˼¼ȫȻΣ
ֻǿ׼һֵĳͻȥ
һ·̹
о֮ɫɫһȦȦһţþòɢ
ߵûæѡ·ߣԼ弫ǿľɽֱײת䶼ӵʱ䡣
ѪתȼһȦܽ档
Ӹ߿ȥһâӹɽľˮ
ʮ룬ֻһ
ٶȱ죬ȥ
ոܳʮȾѾ¡һһߵɽ飬Ӱñ
Դ֮ȼգ
ʶ֮Уһˮأת۾֮һһڳ֮⣬ٱߵ
ճҲ룬һͻóŵӰΪߣʮȽǣԶȥ
һΣѾû˿ʵ뷨
˾תתȫΪǰطѧΪһȫʹ
ȼһЩԴˣΪΣҵ˵ԪӦ
ħѾһ淨ĲóĲӰ
潻֣ϵóԶ׷ȴǺѷֱ
ǾԴ֮ڸ֮ԼóǰֶΡ
һźѡ
ÿһܱһʱ䡣
֮ʱٶȻ̬ԼԪϢһģһöԷΪѡ
ס
һͣһ
СҲ׳󡭡ߣ
ǲһûǰŷ׷ֵɣȻЩ
յĲһɢǧС
ÿһɣߣɢɾŹɣΧ
ֲʵ٣ɴͲȥֱˣֱȫɱ
ÿһСԪ༶ΪһСһɱȫȫԵľ顣
ϺСǷԪܹΪֻҪҵҵıڣͻǧһΧʱǿһҲ޷ֵֹ
ڣһʼ׷ˣǿҲûá
ڱܵľŵɫӰ֮⣬ɢɹӰճͷЦ
תḷ֮̌ǧ򻯣ܴСܱ仯Ȼûѧɷ仯ʻڡ
Զʮ￪һУԶһɽ£ųǳغ
ճһоͳһ͸ƣΪ磬Ӿŵ֮һҡ
ٿ֮䣬͵Ⱥ˵ߣϢĳȥ
ǾŵɫӰԾɷΪŸ򣬿ͬ磬¡¡ֱԶ
С׷ᣬҧס


1330 ͵ת£
ɽʮ˵飬лʹӣйܼң˵˵ЦЦߣʱʱıЦԵΪ졣
мһλӸ磬˿ͷŷűλй˹ˡ
λ˹ˣʱȴ˹ɨء
󲻿Ŀá
Ϊ̰ɽʿĻƿܿͨ͸
滤ˣܼ̹¶¿㾡⣬ѹһλ۹µӺꡣ
֮ʱţ
Ů˼޺ƺ޴ĵϧūҲˣɶ͵ˣȻСóùӾ˰ɡ
治ãټСһҲɣǰѴҲеһ𣬷žˡ
Ӹ粻ġ
У㡭Ůƺܲס
ӸҲӣҧгݵķսݡ
ܻ۾ֱˣཹཿ̿ˮ
ϹܼҸ̾Ϣȴǲ˵½˹үˡ
ҡ֨ѾǰУһгʮֹŹš
ճǵڴʱƮͣͣͷǹϡ
һӴһԴ鹣һᵹ
Ů˸оϲˣתͷ˹λոջĹǽ˫Ŀƺ˹ȥ
Ҫкּ۾Ŀ罣ʮֹŹֵĿԼ
һûüѯֶԷָֻϤɫ̬
ˡŮ룬Ҳ⣬תͷר
ȴûע⵽ɫ԰׵Ĺүһ˿ζңңԶ
ŵȻ𣬱СһһΧߡ
˴
ǰУûһ˷ϡ

Ӱһ㻮գͣ
ǰһλüʦͷźɫˮûǰɽ۾ƽ
ˣΪͬСɣڵ汼оȻԿҵĲȣʵƽδ
һɫСһ»Ϊһ֦ɫεĲȳ𣬱
ֱ¶
ͣһλ߹ڳʿҲȻ
ḧӣ
ȷλңңԶ֮䣬һ߲ʹɢš
Ԫؼϵĸ
һԪػγ߲ʻ⣬֪̾ˣ׷ɱ
ϧʦְޣʹ˻һĺԪǶδŹֱӴݻˣǶĳԹ
޳Թ
Ϻаü΢˫Ŀ̾Ϣ
ɱǴͨһСذʦѧյġΪϿʦܾͶ˼󡣡
ˣ
ӵ˾ɫѿ
֪ʦ֪룬εĿЦһԭʦܵļ£º֮ǰԶ͡ϾѵõӣҪҿԽһ̵ġϧӦ̫죬ֺݾһֲԣַ̳ˣȻأķӦǺֶΰϧ̾
ôԣʦҲޣɱܵΪ𡭡û뵽ȻС˴ˣƤӵ¶ѣ˵Ĳ
ӵҲҡͷֵɫࣺ;вɱգһ֮ʮؿһɱ̾
ҰֵҹᣬԪΪҲ̫ǿֻùݣˣܷɵ̫죬ҲɲܿǶĸ䣬ƭˡʦȻЩ˴ʧ˷ִ磬Ͼʮͬ꣬ˣ;һһɡ
˵꣬Ҳ֪ʦ˵ӹϰա
ԽԽ󣬱öء
һζȻʹ󣬱ʮɸߣȭ紸һ֮ϡ
һƳܣˮ㷺ƣӵص˷ɢȥʮƾȸһһľȫ֮ɪɪ
𵴹۲⡣
ԶԶĹٵϣ֧ߵĳӣ˿ȫɫ֫
һЩƥ˻ţͷʣһͣ
ӵ΢˫Ŀ˼˳ɨͣϣ˼Щ
涼Ǳģ񣬿ۣæԶԶ
ջ˼Уӵʧû쳣ߵԶˡ÷˼ŷӰǧݷ֮Ҳܳ֮治С
ԭΪصӣǰ̬ʵҪǰʦģ̫źˡ
֪ʦܵҪѪ˼Ҳˡ
ֻǰλʦԼҲص
ߣȥɣһʵǻҲת£ȥɡ
ӵ˵ͷǣҲ֪ʦô֪ȵһһ
Ϊţ㱾»еģҲؽ黳
²ؼ¡
ѻطҲѲټ㾡¡
˻ɽǰ³¡
ڴɸţ׷֣ȴǲˡ
ñ֪ˡ
ֻһطò죬ʱԼǰȥ֧Ԯɱɡ
ѰҲҲˡ

ճӰûŵӰӣ֪ʦΪǰһʵǾŵӰӶá
ʵϣ£Ѫʹתһ֮ѪΪԪɢ翵һȫ֮Уֶߡ
һþŵӰ׷һϹٵ֮С
ǶλӣһЩ顣
ʵճǿǹӲ˳ۡ
֮ʲôûУͼֲˡ
һˣĳЩʱߵɵӲࡣ
֮ʱѡһɵӣȻѡѵҪ࣬Ҳࡣ
ʵ֤ǶԵġ
һȥѪ뵤ԪΪ޿ڣһھǵꡣ
糤һͷȻû˿һա
䣬ֻһʱ䣬µŮˣͲжٲͬ
뵱ԽЦʹƶ֮ʱǺѣָʵҪϺܾúܾá
תΪԪֻ֮ʹ󹦸ɣȻλԪС־鱡ԭ򣬵ǾתԪ֮ǿɼһߡ
Ҿ½˹Σ֮ӣȥǸϿ;أˣһ


1331 ֱָüϣ
ŮӼкţƺĳĿһ㣬ԱϹܼȴʮֹŹ֡
ϡǣǶʮ໤ӣ۾⣬ŵ߿
ʲôڷ߿ʲô
˼ճ㲻ȥϸᣬҲһһֻǲᣬǰεĶ
֪λŮʮоųɾϷݼôܵģָôʹء
ңĽҲû⣬ʾȨŵ⡣
ܿܿھУܿࡣ
ճƱӦһ֮䣬Ѿɹͷȥǰɽ
Ѳ˴ظ
ͣ¶һټϷ
ٹһʱ䣬Ů˵Ӽٵ棬룬ǻʵĽл
һΣǵ۹Ҳӱӱ˾ȡ
ʲô
ճˡ
һ޵ӹ
о巢ͬˮ˼糱ˮ壬뵽ÿһëף̨һתͣһСᣬֻ뿪ȥ
·Բľ죬Ϊ֪ģһϸ΢ӹҡϪ
ճ̧ͷĪʡ
ȥˣϺкĳǸһǹ
׷ˣԸԲͬ
һΪóʿΪѲء
ճһУһֱϺн岻ѡ
˼Ҳδ˿ע˴ճ֪Էһֱš
ǰ뿪ľٶҲǼ⣬ĵϢ
һΣճûע⵽ϾԪ̨֮Уɨܡ
ǣԪûиӦ
Ŀһֱתţ͸ͬӳһС
޵ͷΣͷβδԶ
ɵҲףԼδΣ
ôҪô˵
ҲŪԼĿôһ¡
ˣţնܣмޣ紫˵еĴԤǰϸꡣ
νնܵȵΣգ޿ɵΣա
㲻Ӧ䣬һ̾ͻ
ԭЩΣûﵽһͲӦһƽ
壬ճֻҪȷķʽӦԣƴԪֻƴʽ
Ϊ̫Էûӷоա
Էʵǿɴô¡
ԣԪͲзӦ
֪ʦδ֣Ѿʾ
֪ӼȫûƴıǮ
ֿȻܹ¶ճ˵ȴʺϡ
ҪʱʱʾǺûҪ
ʲôܿδ֪Ȥ
һͷСŵӶԸԼԪҲڷʾţҲδ̫Цˡ
֪ʦȥҲ֮С
ٵ֮ϣϾϡ١
һʱ֮ټˣǸ˶ɡ
̽һҲͳ˱Ȼ
Ϻе˼糱ˮһȥճĻһȫɻ
ٹ˲ϷĻ·ԸҶˣԸҽһ̣ǡӦûܸ緹
ǣү
ϹܼҹӦȴһ졣
˵·ҪУõ𣿻˵硢ɽʱ֣˲Ÿ
Ҳֻ֣ͷԸ١
Լү񾭲ԸѾֲ֡
ǰһҲ¸߰һ̾ͱ䵭Įξ֡
ԱߵŮˣճһĮ˵ģίöҪˡ
ȴһ仰ҲҶ˵ֻǾĬĬѡ
֪ΪΣһ̣ͻȻ䷢֣ߵĹӸü֮ϣƺǱǹٸĴ˻Ҫľ
һ·޻
ճ˳ǣϹܼ··֮£ʲôҲòġ
˲ãɫ磬͵˳һլ
լŴƣ԰
ոµһЦӭûĵģǵﰡоˣת۾ҪˣһΪء
Ļᰡ˭Ҳ˾㿴;أⲻƵǰȻҲϵԽġأϣþȵĽˡ
ޣ˭ϡϼһʲôˣߣݣֳˣȥֻҵظأ㿴㿴񶼱Ҹһͷˡ
ŮЦû֦չ۷¶ѩ׵һƬճڻȻţ־ٸߣƺҪݵʱΰС
ǣΪΰ嶼һˣĳˡ
ճЩЩڶλˣֱһߵɶһŮ˾͸һȡ
ðɣһλڼϵĵھŷ̫̫귽ʮ˸壬ʵһҲϡ
棡
ճתͷͿѾѾͬŮӸߣȻŶԷٴοŮҲһЩ˽⡣
ֻ˵һ·ЩۣվЪ£Ҫú׼ֻɡ磬һȥݳǰݷһͺú顭˴νϿ֪ģϵֻɹʧܡ
Ǻǣһ֪㰡ѧ˶ʲôʫģúúãһξͷŹˡɫЩԹȻճ˼
ʱŻеõġ
Ȼ֪һλѧʼ˹Ǯġ
´Ҷ֪ȴó˵
ٻҪúñһ徭Ҫڰݷ֮ʱһ֪ǲ˳ЦһĴ˼ɣİæ
򣬾ҵٶ·Ҳÿ᲻Ӱ쵽Լ
һ鶼û˽ʿ˵š
ԣĲɿԲغã»Ҫһġ

ϴ糾ճ緹ͷԸ˲ôһ˶鷿
Ҫ飬ʵϣһ¡
·ϴҴҸᣬ黹ûü
óһֽϸϸһᣬЦ
ֽϱʼŶؾһСʮ־ƴӡ
λͬԼһͬݳǡݷù£Ͷü
ƴǹܼҶӣ뽭ͬΪӵܣҲʶϵ̸Ϻá
βͬǣһλȴѧʲǿԼʵѧϵġ
һЩŶ·ĵΪ½¡
ңºϲѣƷһ
ɫҲܳԴ
ðɣһ㲢Ҫ
ҪǣճļУǵƴӵͷ
ƺλǰ˶üɣüޱΪͽܡ
ôʦģճǼǲ
һģǴʱüͽѰҸǡƷԾ߼ѵɣ´ȡӢţǴ˵ǰס
⣬ճĻˡ
ΪüЩǰһֵϰߣرϲ̽˵ԣԻһ
Ҳ˵ǻһ԰ݲ۵ķ糾ˡ
Ȼű˾գҪҪʱ򣬲Ϊͽܡ


1332 ֱָü£
ճĽòǼãüĿ㣬ʮֿݡ
˾Ǹӣճϻԡ
Ԫʧأһᡣ
Ҫǣĸǲá
޸֮ݣЩţҲòȥ
ʵҲġ
ͷѧһЩ꣬ȴֻһ÷Ļӣϡ轣ŪˡĶԵоͲˣϵС춼һù
˾ǵ͵Ĳ䲻ͣݶͣɫж
ңͭйƣճͼԼɫ԰ף֮ɫ
һȥ֪Ƿġ
Լôһ壬Ҫü֪Ѷж
˵취Ѷ࣬Ӿˡ
ȣҵıֲ̫񣬲ͻȻһƵġ
üɼȻظƷУͲܲһµӵļ͹Ȼòǰϸ£ܵ˵ƽǱʸġ
ǱģҲһɲ䣬ֻӣŻΪͽܡٸҪãԪҪ㡣㣬ҲԱɱǮӻνӡ
뵽ճԪһѪѸȫܽȼ
ɫһ֣յƤ죬һɹɺëףȳζŻ
һᣬϾͺһĺڼ룬ȺѪɫȥʮֲֿ
ˣ
ճסǿסͷӶ񣬽һ񣬺ڼ롰ꡱȼΪɻҡ
һҽԲûصףҲ˿ۼ
ٴ̧ͷͭͼǱģ
˫üбɣ˫Ŀᣬԡ
۵ǣϵƤ״ɣϸྻŵľܡ
վڷٲȻƾ硣
òδģǴͬ
ӻӱɸѹӣֻǹһС
ת֮ǣѪ֮ѱɼǣҲǴ˵вȾ壬ǵĵ塣
ƾ˭ֻҪ˵һ޵ĺӣĽӡ
ȻԾ޸֮Ǵͬ
޵ۿȥܼӯ壬ѵһĺӡ
ΨһвģʮԪ֮Ԫ֮Уϲ
ҲΪһ˿˿Ԫ֮þӰԵòôϲ
ô˵أе㲻ôɡ
ǰʮλŮӲµӡ
ճҲֺۼ
ڸʵı仯֮󣬸ʮ֣һĿȻ
Ҳܾһɫߣֻһˡ²ӯˮ磬ѡôһλʵҲ㲻ˡ
κΣ˷ֻ࣬ˡ
ʵҲǲٴζһˣÿһζڴ˷֮Уһ
Ҫȡһ֤̳б˵ݣҲҪ̳˲ȡˣڴ˷ͽ
ôóеģÿһÿһĹ
ΪﵽԪ龳磬ҲҺӵǰ
Թ֮£вòתޣȥȴΪȡһλԵ
ʲôʲôճһһ㡣
ȻѾѡͲܺڣֻܽʵ
ȻҲԼ£кܴ
ⷽ˵֮ˡ
ò˿֧֣пܱаħù²˳
ǰʱͨ̾ͱƷɱ
ֱ֪ʦӵ˵һ׷ɱ
˵ûԣճôҲŵġ
ʱ塣
ΪһΪԴʿǱԣǻʲôɣʲô
Щ飬ڣ΢΢ȭͷоǿľۼ
תתǿѪԪΪ⣬ֳʶ֮
Ƿ۷壬ûĺۼǧԳƵ
ȼϴ֮ǴͨζҲ˿˿ģԪԷš
ǣûһ˿Ԫۼ
ǲ쿴ﻹǹۿ嶼Ǵδ
һֻҪԷĹǿתͲܷĵϸԪ༶𣬸µڲܴһľ޴Ѫ
ճһתԪѪţһʶڡ
ȭһһڿ׶ɫţѿռ˷顣
ٴջѪʶָֻģ
ճЦһ⡣
Լʵʱá
ֶ᷽ʽ˽м֮⣬ʵʮ
ѹӺ֮󣬻Ͽݺ޼ɡ
ܹԵеֶ̫ˡ
Ȼûѧɷ仯ЩܹһݣѾ㹻ˡ

ڷڳԵģճٶմһЩ߰飬ֻǳ˸˵ԼҪ鱸
˵ʱ֣ǰһ̾ͻˡ
ճֻԽԽǲԣԼֱ۾ֱȫģңһģʮּ١
˽εļ䣬ﻹ֪ôһ°æѾˡ
ûôӦԣѾ̡һ˵ĵԽԽÿˣζţǳʲôɵҩ𣿲ˣðԵ
û˵꣬ѾԼѵþ⡣
ճֱ֪˵ʲôã˻ͰѷŹϣԷҩһ˹̾һ
Ȼû˳ˮۡ
ֻɨڶԷĲ֮ϣнһֱֱ
ԶûһϴЦݾͻ˹ȥ
ճ£ϱӣҡҡͷ
ɫ߰ϵСЩս¹ˡãԪҲ˯ˡ
Ԫ߾ԷȻְᷢ㲻ԡ
һ˯ѣֻΪһóԸĿʲôҲ֪
ⶼԣҹȻ˾ӡճʧһЦ̱Լĸ߽ƷԸжˡ
ðɣʵ΢񱡣
ս¹ΪĽᣬϲһЩϢҵŮ˽Һ塣
̤ڤڤ֮Уǣ֮Ԫ
ÿһ˿ǿɹģȻ˴ǸأûأЧʲôá
ôٻŮУȴҪǿ̫ࡣ



1333 ˣϣ
һҹ޻΢İ׹⡣
ճԪ۲Լµõ壬ֻûоԪϴǿ֮⣬Ѿ˷˶ˡ
ѪҺմˮȫϢʵһһʹָ
ǣһϵļ֮ڰѽȫԼԪ֮Уֱ˴ˡ
ԪϣͬǶᣬǾֻͶ̥תǴ˷顣
ʱҲûճˣֻнΡ
֮ʮš
ճǶȥһ
Ϊ֮ơ
ҲôһٵģԪʵ仯ȥ⣬úܡ
£ȷЩˣȴԭ
;ת֮ճ͵ǰһıܷΣɢԪ֮תһǿļ
²һֻһ
ճէԴ˷һҲ˽⣬ոձֱ׷ɱɲ೤һۡ
ԸһЩҲ뱩¶Լ
ٿŽεȥıԵһЩԴ˷ӰĶüһ㶼ðա
Ը鷳һ㣬¿ӷƨҲʡȥһɽλá
ԭװģԭװģѪϢԭġ
ʱͨı𣬱˷֮ΪаħĴڣѳ׵
ˣʱ壬ʱֹʮ֡
ȻҪĻΪɹһ֮תӡͲǴ֮ڣûʶԡ
Ҳ˵ԭҲֲߵټ
϶ΪһǾһ
Ƕá
ӴԺ󣬸Ҳݵˣšɷõ󡭡
ճ΢΢һЦ
ҫ֮£ͿԷ֣Լ棬ѶһһƮҡǸչʱûеģǴ˷ص˵ࡣ
ɫ죬д󲿷ִ˿˿
תͷڴϺ˯ľԻǴɫûк⣬Ҳûкͨƽӵе⡣
⣬һӶ仯ֱ
ԼıճҲס
ŹǲǻǮľʵϣѾǹ
ڵطӾƷҲǸس
Ϊݣŵ⣬ûʲôϡġ
ֹԣճڴ֮ճöˣҲ֤һһõĳɾ;Ǿˡ
ңƬƬҺ֮Щ
ԭĹ켣㣬ŽһڲõĽһŨȣű֮ʮа˾Ӳȥ
Ҳ˵β֮ͻ
ԭ֮ˣǺϺճ⡣
һ˵ֽ٣ִ˵壬ֱҪ̫ס
ճ

峿һҪ
ճ̤ϴͷŹܼҺͷǾ
Ů˿޵鶼ˣǶ顣
Ҳ֪ճĴУ׾Ҹ
ʱŴֻԶ룬ֱ޵վȣѾ̷ס
ճò׺ŪȥͷʮΡ
ڽεļҲûôһĻ浶ʵǹʵҲǷ곡ϷΨһǣϴ跥֮ұ˧˺ܶܶࡣжԼ֪ˡ
΢΢Щգ׼Ը
ͻȻһ
̧ȥǰͷϣ˳ִĴۿţЩǡ
ҴͷǰƺҪںУ룬תͷȥ
ճۼ⣬һɨ˹ȥͼ˵ò
еһʮĺӣųֳϥ
ݸ㣬Ϣ࣬ü֮ŷ˪֮ɫȴǾ
̫Ѩ΢΢߶֮䣬лͨմһ
Ǹ֣㣬ֱ֮廪ǣ΢΢ӦĸΪɫ̣ʲôѵ׷ɱ
꺺߸һʮŮǣ½ǣŮɣӢתͷ糽ǡ
֥þʵճ̾
ŮǴŴֲͷϲľΣһҲķʡ
ɽ侫飬š
صǣճԪƺϡ
ǣޱⷽأԪϣ̫ˡ
ճ档
ոհԼɼ츳ģת۾ͼһɵĽӣҲ̫ˣ񣬾֮
ճԪӾĸ˴һҲֻܼŮϲȴ˱ԴܿԷܵļ׽֮䡣
һʱЩ̾ⷽ˽֡
״׻׽֮ʵͲҪȥֻ˵ɫͿԿó
Ӧڱ׷ɱʱҪҴ뿪
꺺ӸӦʮճһ񣬾ͱˣϵʱ䡣ĵĿǰ벽Ůǰסճߡ
ճһ㵣֪Լʧˣѵÿ˾ʵСþ˵㣬ΪǵͽӾͲˡ
ϼһҲ̫˰ɣӾôǻˣ
ԼգЩơ
ֵԼ֮ٳƵһٷ磬˽䱸أ
ǾʵСϣͲƽˡ
ԪӦУһϢ˿˿ɷ⣬׷꺺ӵɫԽԽˡ
ճһֿڵλɣ֪λ˴ȥݳǣϻλ
꺺ӹֻ񣬼ЦݵлӺ⣬ҸŮȴǹѣԼôңȴǲͷ¡
СŮ˳ճϸո¶ϲɫø׻ظЩƣȴû
ճЦЦҲǿС˵ͷԸ
У涣һĻ



1334 ˣ£
үǽçʵڲýύʱүԸв뽭մϹϵǰ;
ϹܼҴǰ˵
ģͷȥǼŮ˵ټʱǰԣ˵ʲô
ôģзִ磬⻰廹˵ģǿʲôˣضزصġ
ڨЦ˳
˼Ĺңʮֿ׳
ӦһЩոմﵽʵڳƲָ֡
ǣǽܹ£ĺˡ
ʮ꣬ԵΪȣүǰǿԶԶžľλ֣˾ļǿʱҴڷʲôһ㶼鷳
Ǹʮ߰ĺӣϴˮŷˮ̣ƺʱ׼ˮҲ˵ոдʱ֣һǱ㼲졣ڴ죬ܹˣпӥצ˵ӷҲһ
˵ʲôأͲ죬˵ʲôӥצԺǽɢˡ

ǣԽе黹ʮ˽ġү⣬һСĲźá͢һЩķЩº޹˼ɣɷ
ˣȥɣ֪ˡճ˻֣ɫһۡ
һݣͻȻͰ˰أǰ׼õ˵ʣһ仰Ҳ벻ˣֻŵŵ
ָо͢Աǰ㣬˵һ¹ݷȴҲЩľ
ܼңһҲٶ໰
үҲȻǸү֮жһЩʲôһЩʲôֲҲҶ롣
Ψһȷǣ÷ٳһҹȥүľһ㣬ٲȻ潻̸䣬˵ѹȸС
һ㣬ҲЩ֡
ÿγУүŮ̺ͬţһΣȻָٵ𴬹ͳһЩ̣֬Ҳ֪Ǻǻ
ܼתͷεĿ˴ͷڹ۾үЩǣȴû¶ֻǼѲӻ
˵βͻȻʵߣ˵ү𣿡
ȻģŽͷ㻹ǵòͬǸϲ麵̴İ׷ͷ˵үСʱ͸÷ͷ˾˵ү˫ȫǸš
ߴһ˵һЦ
ҲЦ
ǵȻ˵ʵ֪ͷԼ
£ȴǶЩɻˣ̾үԼ⣬˻ˡ
ˣһֱ𣿴Ů˺ʱҲӱ˵ġ
ǲһ
üҡͷֲ⡣
Լ˵ǻʵǽˡ
ǰľٶ˵ߥŹܼȥӵжǴɣѹү᲻ˡ
㲻ˣҲ㲻ʲôʱ򻹿ԺŪȥ
ղżȼ仰Уܷ֣λүأֱ˲ֱӣٲǰ㡣
˵˼ճûᡣ
עȫͷ֮ϡ
ģƶš
ǸŮֻͷϴһСᣬԶ֣š
ͷɢÿ
˶δעʱճȴ֣ǣСŮȺ
ݷʹͷƽİؽֱ߳˳ǣûɽ֡
ٶʮֿݡ
ȻڶǿУϧȻˡ
ĳЩ˵ܼҵ˵û
཭˾Ǵ鷳ܲǾͲǣǻ
ճ˵ȴǲòǡ
һʱһʱ
ĿĿɲʲôƾ٣ȵĹӡ
ҪüѧԪɷȡЩǰűԼľת
һأԼٽܹԪ֣ɾԲ
Ŀģƾһǰȴġ
Ҳǳ˵ģûлԵ
ıߣҲֽ
ôˡ
˵书ٸߣҲû쾳磬ʦ㲻ϣ˵ʵڻûճ
ȵǣǸСŮ
츳ҲˣȴǴһ㡣
һ͸ɣ״Ϣɫ
⣬Ȼ˵ŮпһƷʵ
ɽ֮УŮݿ϶Ӣ֮һ
ϵŮΪƣӢ
ȻӢĿҪһЩ
λ۫Ǳ־ԵüССӢ游ϴЩӺǣ첻µزµġ
꺺ŸңųӦþǽ˳ͨԳ
ҲµûʱǸŮ˸ոձܻüʱֻҪȥɽ֮µţǡֻҪ˽ʣͻǣ취Ҳܽü¡
ȴСģüɸλǰԣǻһĬĬۿšͼμɣвΪĴ治죬Ҽƻ
ȻжƣճҲͷͽͳһѧ
ҪΪȻܿŶһЩ徭
ʫĵı£Щ˵ûаô
ҪЩʲôеΪܵ˵Ҫ¡
ôʱϰ÷ϷͿóˡ
ʱֻƽ̲ת۾͵һ֮
λҲ׷˷緫£Ҳкǰȥ֡
ճȴϹܼҵȰ룬ƵŽԶ
Ӱζڶ
ڼš
ճķȥϡľ䣬һ°ɫӰǰͷ򽭱߶ʱʱͷһۡ
ϱССüɫͨһˤһӣȴһܡ
СŮҧţʮּ㡣
ˣʲôԵݣԵݰ
ճоâһȵͣ



1335 ǧһϣ
үɰЩһ׶ޱȣʱʮΣա
ϹܼҴ󼱣æȰԴϵĺ鶼ˡ
㲻ۻ軨أʱд򶷵ļѾֳӼ䣬ͼӰƴǡ
Ǹ潭κܾõˣͬ־һ۾ͿԼүʲôֵС뽭ˮ̫Զܵ߻Ҫһʱ䡣ǵĴȥͽҲ׷ϣʱǺã
ǰ塢ɫȫùŹ
ǰλүϲŮˣ»ƵýٵӻС
ǰǻΪүѾϴĸ棬ٻŮˣû뵽ˡ
λү˿ζϲԭ̬СŮұõ죬ڽͽʳ

ճЦã֪Щȫˣֲýͣ˵þֻܶһӵ磬ŭϻ˵·ƽεмȵĵСˤһӣӴϥǶ˰ɡͣô𣿡
üŭһΣϹܼҲԲסˣֻ÷ԸתŴ˽Ŀһ㣬ˣǧҪүΣ֮С
֪ˡ
ԹĿܼһۣ˼ˡ
߸ɫɷףŷˮ̵š
ϹܼңЩӽ˼Ժ˵ȴǸӾ¡
׻˵ԽϣԽС
һ˽ͻʧѪԡ
үаŮû⣬ҲԳǰ档
Ǹ浶ǹԡѪƴ׼ͻϺ
κΣͷһУ͵þһС
֪ǰΣգҲòǰɡ
ֻϣǴ򶷵ˣһֳʤүȵСŮдɡ
Ҳֻˡ
˴ľϡ裬ϵ龰ڴϿԿ
϶ȻҲƴļˡ
ľһնϣպݺ𣬴һ޺â
һŰĹͷ񺺣Ŀ׹⣬˻
ۡһ졣
޺쵶һ٣һѩ׹⵲ס׹ˮһ㣬ǵ㣬ȥǵġ
һܽ䡣
꺺ɫ࣬öڣȴ
һֻ缱籩꣬סͬʱϾһºӵĹ
ºݸ߷ͣ˫ֳӥצʮָڣʱʱһ£
Ҳ̫˼꺺ӵļ꽣ƺż;塣
żУֻһˣॡüͷһµģϡ
˽ƾС
ʱҪϵִҲ뼸˶С
꺺һоһϲ
ĵľǱŮˡ
ΪӢ̫Сǻδɣûѧ
ͨ˻֧һ£Ǳ׷ϣǾΣˡ
ʱԾϴȥ˺֮ǡԼɹ˿ӣҲ޿ηˡ
ΪͨԳ֮ȻܣҪӲȥץǸޣϼһһ˶Ըᡣ
ۺӷӦҲ죬˵ŻеâʢУȫǹУǲ
á
ºͲͣԴϲӥˣˡ
ƹ򽭱ߡ
ҿ֮УӰԾ£͵ӢߣͷһצץлЦСŮӲˡ
뻹ϴһ۾Ϳ˶Էڡ
д󼱣ŭȵ޳ܣͩ
Хһӽͬʱæ֮УֻһŷԶյĺºӡ
ﲻߺСֵܹˡ
˭˵ǽˣͶ͢Ϊʦ£ҳӣȻǳ壬лС˵
ĿӼַңǵ⣬
ȫڣԼҶܣͻȻһǰˡ
󿪴صĵѸһʹܵԣ͵ͻžһ죬ӡĺġ
оȷ˱ǣֻü˾󱳣˲ͱѪͨں֮ϡ
һ̣³һѪٹ˲õֵƲ˵˫ϴֻתŮ߽е
֮ԳΣʵΪСŮ̫Σ
˫϶˫ֳצץӢƥȴС
ڴ򵽣һȦ׹֣紩һף˫Ҳط塣
ڴУһͷվȡֻѪȴûд󰭡
Цһ˫һٴӢץȥʮ⼸֧ôң
⡣
Ӣ뽭岽Զ״С
ͷһƣͼ׿ѪѹҲˣСҪȥأüǼ
ɿб֫ģôҲǵס˼ҵӥצġ

ճŽһĻ
̶ʱ֮ھͷͻ䣬Ƽתֱ¡
ӢǱӣǱ½أپǲǿУƴҲҪӽճ̲סѿڽһá
ʵȻóԪžˡ
óԼԭһ¡
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˶ӣ¶֣ȥͲ̫ˣܲɱڰɡ
οпܶüǰһԿţ鷳͸ˡ
ûԿţҲұ¶ԼԪΪ
¹ϵԼд֣СҴı
ҲĿŽݲҾ磬Ҳٵȴֵܻıʡ
ǧһ̣һӢ۵ǳõʱ
ճӹЩ뷨ֱ΢ʹһĨ
Էϵʯ͵ϡ
ֵ£ֻ档

ճһȣ⻮һߣԽʮɽˮǵ˺ºǰ
һӢСδ̵Ǻºӵӥצ֮ϡ
ãүˣȻƣɶԷлӲʵǿᣬһ֣ôԶԸġ
ˡ
ȫ±ƣȻͷճ
壬ûԼĹΪλүУ
ԣһ죬ôָת䷨˵Ǿв֮أʲôʱѧģѲҲѧ̵ģ
ǵһɻ󣬵ڶɻǣ⹭ʯǿƽҶֻ뿪ү޸֮ô£
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ȻͷͼǰλɷĺºӣʱѾ¡
¶ؼԺ󴩳Ѫ棬˫ԲźȻ¡
Ľ£ֻкʮ߰˽ء
⾹Ȼ뷢һԣǴӵ˵ﴩ˹ȥˣҲֻд֮Ƶʮ
ŴͣĿɿڴϵСҲǾתͷ˹ڷžϲ



1336 ǧһ£
ӢٹӤվڴһճһ˿ۣܿͻع
ҵ
ǺºڽűߣɲģȫȻ⡣
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ȥĪ顣
ֻ乭΢࣬칭ԲԶ
϶ĿƼԼҶܱʹ֮ʱȡ
СӣҰˣͲ³͢𣿡
ȥвҰɡ
ճЦһָ΢΢һҡ
ӰڿзХŶĿӼȥ
ǰΪ֣ͨͩᡣ
Լֵǰ֮ڣҲӰ֡
طҲ˲óʤ׷˵ҫһƬɺ⣬ֻһ˲ٰʮصХǡ
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֪ӺΣΪ˱ֻóҹսš
һصļҲս޹
ڵХͬʱĽŲһ䣬ˡ
Ѿ⡣
һӥצֱʮؾ磬Ƶ졣
䱣±Լй֮޲ȴһͨɱڽ֮ߣ΢΢Щ塣
Խ׶ʵԽϧͩȻҲ⡣
һʹұ죬һȴ
ŵԼһȥҪһС
ԼŮرһϲ
תһѪҲͣ
Ϣһɫ̱òҰס
ʱù죬Ҳѷˣһ˿ԤС
Ҳ룬ˣһĨѩ⣬ͻ̡
ָ֪оôģΪ幥˵ĵˣûţһεĹὨ
Ѫɱõ֣ԼҲʮ־޴
ϴЯӢѹٷرΧɱѾùһΣʮꡣֻʮ꣬ȴǻͷ
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Ŀ֮žֻҡ
ɲɵģĲ¶˳ŹײĽ֮ϡ
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Ŀ΢ͼλ׺ףϥϥһ
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תͷȥƮƮٷ磬ȻȻݣȴһ˵ɷ
֮ûи˿ӰӣôͿͩİ˷굶أ
ﾡǲ⡣


ӢЦ˹ԼСסߣﻹСԹǰǳ˴㻹ϣα˾˰ɣ㻹˼
ǲ˼Ҷˡģһ²һ£˱˾Ͳˡ˵Ļ뵽ļѵѧžմУȽҪǿ󣿡
СŮ֮ʣҲΪ衣
ӢǰϸļӡʵǸŮΪֵֵģûϡ
ʱﻹ˼ἰǰ÷ɽͷ֮ϣΪŮĿƲƺˣԲžܾϴġ
˾ˣǷЩ󣬲ϴɡ
ʱûʲôֻܵǲ֪α
ˣԺϹͷΪƴһ
һЩȷ飬˼͵˽ߡ
Ȼ˵ƺˣϴĳϰ֮᪻Ƶˣŵùơ
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ҲǺˬ֮ˣ֮ˣҲͲŤŮ־˴
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Ҫ£һ𣬾ȵĪڱʡʢġ³ӢӢǡͨԳ
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̾ϢԼзɺܴҲ֪
ɽ٣ӢΣֻգĴ˱ܻѡ
飬ճҲ̾Ϣ
Լݣȴǲðοˡ
أӢ۸ףųʢȴĵʢͶ˼
Լݿ˹ȴҪȥ˵Ĺ٣Ǻ˵
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ǣү
ˡ
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ǰ˫˵Ļˣǲܲ˵ʬҰͻһЩΣա
ǲһ䣬ûϵԷ˰š
ཻĲһѹ飬Ȼϲ۾ԼŮһЩ
˵һ˵ӡˣЩ̶Ҳ͸ˡ
ģʵǶԷ˵Լ֮ʱû¶Զ䱸ͺѵˡ
Ҫ֪ԶԷݣҪɻڴԼݣͲܲ˼ɡ
ȻԷֶ͢ɱˣҲںôһЩܻ䡣
Ҳֱŵԭ



1337 ҹӰϣ
нϣոһⱻһԵʮˬ
˱ţһЩţһЩ
ճñֱ壬һЩήңƺǿž񣬲Цղ˵Ͷϲ㻹̫ӦˡܼңϿɱ룿ϲˡ
һȫ󺹣ܼңʱԼҹӽϴ֮ʱԼܶҽġ
ǣԼЩһֱߣү˶ٸŮ˶һû˵ѧҽү²ɫϣʱװ񣬵ʱҴ˲ѿء
ΪˣȻ͵˵ľ
ܶ飬ǶҪڣԲѡ
ճʻæصүΪ˴ǳϿ棬ȴǲżʲ
ճ΢΢üûͲ̫ˣܲܿҩɣɫ΢΢ŻɫȻ˶ƣֶý𲻵ͼӰЧ
СӢһԺڴճѵõһֵ
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ɫΣΪϽĻܼڰԼүߣ⹫Ӹʵҽ˵ǶһЩƤëҲ㾫
˵ϲüˣǰͬԵУһʣ˲ôУҰ
˵꣬Ҳپָܾʹ֮ϡ
ȫһ𣬻ƾܵĶͣ
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Ҫ㿪ȴ֪ΪΣԼ뵽˶Цָȥˡ
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΢΢ð纣˷
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Է⣬ʵ⣬ľ⡣
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ȻģЯŮձ׷ɱû顣
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磬ʵҲûжӣƵ·ӡ
ǴһʼϰԪɵʦûС
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ճӦŶԷƣһЩա˵ϲȻû֣ȴöַһԣ֮ڻָɡ
һΣͲƾˡ
˴գſϡ
ʵҲ뿴λôá
ΪҽƹѪ𣬵ΪҽҲһЩºʹ
ĸӦûһǰ
Ҫô֣
һҲɶԷʩΪˡ
ճûܼҵ˼һЦǺǵģõ㰴
ƽ飬ͻȻҡ
֣Էһڱֻǵ˼£Լڵͷȫʹһ㡣
ã߻ħˣǿѹƵĻҲʼߡ
һû˵;ַڣ̾ͱġ
Ⱥ֮ʱˮһʣʹ˴̾Ͳʹˡ
ۡ
һںѪ˳
Ӣе
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𣬳һʮֹŹ֣ѾˣҸоѪ˴ʹˡ
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ճƺûз˵𾪣ԹԵ˵ϧû֣Ȼܹ̺ת
һգ˹ˣ˯һͺˣû뵽С绹񼼣ʵǡ
˵úϲ£죬оǰأԽԽˡ

󣬼˲ݲݵùʳδȫãڴ֮Ъš
ճȴǺܺãȻڴͷŽ
һᣬƺʲôվһ½ǣһһʽĴȭ
ȭˮһƴ£˫ְ׺ᣬ˫ҡεĴ֮ϣˮƮƼεš
ʱҪ£ȴôҲ
ˣҲﵽ˷۷壬ӢСȴһȻȻζϾǿǿѪԪ֮߻ġ
һȻɵıһ˹Ʒ߲̫࣬ʵϣȴһЩġ
ճǰʱʱ͵Ӣʲô뷨ǱȽϵϢ
ͬǲͬʲܾԼһĪ̡
ȥЩ̫ףʱ򿪼ʽȭܵ뽭߷羰ˮΪһ壬彥ľһЩһЩƽ׹
뵱Ȼˣֻһ˿ȥͨˡȴû츳ӣôû
Լˡ
츳˵ķ壬ʱ޿̵ĶţһȻȻĽ
ӢСѾͷŵʵѪ֮еǿ
ɼǣԭˡ
ճ㣬ڴϴȭ
Һãֻ巨úܡ
ǰ£ʵķţʵǵѧ㾭׽
߽ȡ侫⣬Ϊ׾һš
ֻǿѪԪ
ճİڳһŹӣʱ㣬ʱչҡ
չȴЩ졣
ȭ߶˼ֱҪס۾Ըٿ
̫ˡ
Ӣȴ˫۷Ź⡣
оԼֻҪһԷֻȭ͸оȫ޲ܸȥѧ
֪ģͿ˹ȥﻹȻţŹ⡣



1338 ҹӰ£
һ˿˿һƵԪճë˽ȥȴǽ뾭
ϸһ׳ţ˷š
ģҲһЩ˿ϡ
磬ȭܲܽ̽ң
ӢʮĽʵ
ţճͣ£ΪʲôѧȭǶأΪϹ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôֻǾȭȵĽÿʵҪѧǣ˵̲ңҪȥʦС
СЩգüͷ΢壬ʧӡ
ճǳˣЦĳһ˵˵ûĽעɱ伫ϰʮ塣ͻСȷǲôʺϰȭûϵˣǿ󣬶Ҷѧкô
ôһδСﶼܿԼǿճΨһĸо˹Ȼǲͬġ
ߣǰװ׻ô꣬ر޶ۣ۲ʶ
һúЦĸֹܼȭڵģƺȭλϴ;ϰүǸѧġ˵ǿ󣬾ЩЦˡ
˵ү˵ǿȻǿġ
һ˵Ǿ粻аҲһ
˶һۣȫŹ֡ĵүԸŮȷʵһ֣һЩʻŮ˵ĺġ
ⲻ׵СŮҲϵˡ
ڴձĿ˹ˣȻ޴󰭣ճ˵廹δȫָΪ
ͷѣߵűߣͼճְֵĽԼұŮֵֹȭ
ʱʱܣʱףʱ缦
̾һ֪Ůѧ书ˣȻһЩĵȭҲѧϰһģ
̫ߣǲǴˣƽ͵ѧһЩҲˣȻ֡Ǵ˻ԺɳȭĻϰ߾Ͳˡ
ֹͻȻǰճҽͼһ⣬ͣ
ĬĬĿһᣬ룬͵Сְɡ
ûˣ޷Ǿ۵㣬Ҳʲô£ʱɨͷԺپˡ
ճ飬ͲٹעӢϰ
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͸һ㣬԰ɣ
ӢȻʽСͨ졣
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ֻһѾζ
ôҲûˣȵͲҪǿȻͺúýϢ
ճ룬ⲻľβ̫࣬ѿ޵Ǻԡ
ÿޣС⣬һȭһŵıȻţţƳɫȴԽԽ󣬺
˰ɫֻͣС֮ϣܼк´Щʳ
ӢȻѣѾ֣ԼͷǴ󺹣ϴζعɴߡ
ȥտ˿˳ͷеҲϰһ£ȥ·ˣȥȥͻذ
ѾͷġЩƣ̽ͷ˿Ͳȥܡ
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СȻû׼ϴ·ͻĴļƻ
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ٸߵʣÿʳź֮ոõⲻ˵ġ
Ǵﵽ죬Ѫϴ裬ʱ徻ǣȾ
塢ߣȥС㣬ϸŵ㡣
ճڷԸ
ǣүֺǺǵ˴һյĴҲо벻þͲϰһߡ

죬õľƣõĲˣүһǮ
İһƬҶϣ¡
Ž߹Сϱ۾΢΢
֣үԵȡСͷ˲ˮкæ
λ磬ʮֿͷ廨׳ʿñޱбŲΡΡһͨķ׳һǽͣĻѾͽš
ˮһڣ۵һڵϣƵطǲģһΪʦѧ뽣ѧɼҷɽȴû뵽⼸ɽ׽ˣǻ
֪ˣȥǧС巻ɽҰȷ¶ǿ̫࣬ӣûûӰĵ
һᣬƲһ˺ţҲ֧ܵĽ̸֪˭˭ҵĹŮϸ۽ף˭˭СȢڣ･͸
ԽԽȣ죬ѴִһЩ봵硣
һЦ
һ飬̧ͷͼԶֵ߹һλСüϸ罣糽ǣϸ壬Ӣ

һСڵ
˷۾ֱˡ
˰ΣֱӰתֽǣŻع
Ȼ˾ɫȻףǸոպãԪ֮Ϊ棬ǲ塭
ȾƵ鶼ûˣһξͳ¥ӣȥ
һ¥ֻ֮оǰһͲӰ
Ҳ⣬Ⱦƻȭ
׺塢ߵһȺȫûв˿ԡ
ӢֻоϺͰ͵ģʮѹشϴԡ壬ѣûлͷһۣ֪Ѿ˶ˡ
ʵپ裬Ҳֲˡ
ųӰһṦʵ˵ãûйĶأֻߡ
Ʈţ˿̫
΢ҹɫ͸˴ߡ
ۼӢ˴ƻЦ
һЦ̿ˮһ赵ȴš
ҪģԽǼ尾Խζȴļá
˿ɫöһ˿˵ȡ



1339 籼ףϣ
ùƷЪ£֪˹ˣǳ˯ճûйע
ֻǺ͵͵ۿӢһһ
С¼ߣΪŮճԸһշܵ˲һĴ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôоʮָ߰ôҲ˯š
Ϩ͵ƣСڷھһᣬ߳š
һ۾ŵĻһڴͷĿ˼һЦͶ㵽˴βŵĴȭ
ĴԼĳֲ˼ı仯һĶ
ոճԷʱһСģȻеıӣûע⣬Ϊûõȵˤˡ
Լ֪΢΢һЩûʲôͬ
ΨһͬǣܻоҪıɽҰȥܡȥսһĪĿ
ҵһ˲õ񹦣ֻһ磬кܴôЩôֲأңҲƺǿϵӡ
ӢЩ⣬̲סڳ˲ա
»ˮĵĴȭ
һһ֮䣬ͽǵ»ϸ
֮£ϸ΢ᶨǿ
ѪҺ٣󣬺Զ೤š
ҹɫֻˮҹ
ճ¶һ˿΢ЦӢһһ
ĸСõ˺ܺ桢ʵı˯žġ
ǶӢ˵ˣԲһ롣
һֱ͸Լҵܣܷ紵Ϳǿ
ȻŮӵúܺãվǴүǣ˼ϸ壬ʱ򲢲Ůʲô
Ϊأ̫˼
˵ʵڵģӢǸܶµĹʾ
ڲΪ֪ʱʵϣܰæܰɱУܹôһ죬ñ׷̱ߣܹκһС
οˡ
ʱ룬ԼǿһЩײȥ
ˣϺõȭҹţͲаƣֻ࣬ԽԽ˷ܡ
ճˮһ㵴ţӦӢ˼ҲһҲ˽巨ŵԭ
֪Լ˱仯
֮ϣǱ΢ɲĺɫ⣬˿˿Ȼ䣬Ͷһ˿⣬ԼԼޣ翲š
ǻԵҲǶԹֻҪŽమɱŸ˷֮ˣ˿ҵӾ֮£ȴǿ÷
ΪСѾͷ巨ţκ׵ˣͻĸм谭˹ϵһЩܽһپ٣һ
ճﰵЦ΢΢ҡͷ
ҪһȻüɵķɽնɱǾͲ̫ˡ
ǻڶʳ˼ɵ
ȻʩͨύͺܺáͿʲôֻƼˮ꣬Һá
ҹˣͷճβСͬ赸Ъ£дҲ࣬ÿһ˶㾫ʢġ
ճԪۿһӢϰջ̾ŶԷݡ
Ԫȴ֣һڤڤ֮е;صٻŮ硣

ȥ򻨣ͷӯӯЦš
ſ۷СѾ΢΢¡˼ָ̬üԵӺݣٲƵճ֮ʱɬãȻ
๫ҹɫܺãͶ轣ˣôԱ߷
˭̫ôҲء
鷿ճ¾º͵Ц
ͻҿģŶˡ˵ĴҽСס˵λ๫ˡ
˰죬ˣˣǹڡ
һʱգͷŵճҲƲס¶Ц⣬ڰ¹֮û˿
飬ԪԲǿһֱʻۣͻ߽׶αزٵһ̡
쳾ɣһͶһǶһǻۡ
Ҳ;
ɫ֮£ճѭ˹㣬ᴥϤ⡣
ǰӾһ䣬˼ά͵˻Ĵ֮С
ĴһƬֻͣһӤĿڴлص˻ѷΣ̡
󿪵լԺһ㣬͸˵Ϣ
Ůűɫɣһ̤ȥ
ͻȻѪһֻֻѪܵĿֱסСٻСȣХڶߡ
СٻȴȫȻݣֻһ壬һˮڲķѪֱ۱һ𣬾ʧǰһҺ
ŭͬαɱ
˭ͬк񣬵ʩﵱСٻ䣬ı顣
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1340 籼ף£
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ʱЩϢĸ˹𾪵ǰһĻһʱ֪˵ʲô



1341 屡죨ϣ
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ֻԵңӲͷƤűջ᲻ãֻǧҪ


1342 屡죨£
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ոܾܿɫ֮ʱճͷԸ˼ʻ
һ·˳£ȵм֮ʱѾһƬƽ֮ء
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ԭЩ˶ԼλүȻҲӣĵȴʵûʲôη֮ġ
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1344 ƣ£
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ʲôҲƴɱϻ˵˶ϵĻҿһȫʬ򣬾ιҵС
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ΪԼ֮£Է϶ŵƨҲΪ֡
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ԵĲʲôˣš
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㾹Ȼűȡϣ
Ϊ˶Է뷨˸ӡ
ʮ֩ڿն﷢
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ǽ˵ˣԼŪʦֶ
ɢҲֻʹÿôһ¡
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꣬ճȴһƬɫʤա
Ԫ纣ˣӿ̲ţӦӳɽȻ˼䡣
⻹ɢ𣿾ȻܷסҺ˿޽
һ˿߳ŭزһδҵķ仯
һһͻȻʢ
ԪͻȻһ䣬ͻΪһֻ˸ߵӴѪ֩롣
ͭ壬׶Ⱥˮ佫ͻΪ
ֻ֩һˣûӰӣ˵ճߣ˵
⻯Ϊ崦ܻΪʵ仯ˣֻý治ӦԣԭǷ仯
ճһ˿ϲ⡣
飬¼
Էó˿ұ죬ճȻߴδӲƴ
ֻҪŲţͻ٣ʱ˭ȥ
üһ߽棬˲Ϣ֮͸ߴࡣ
ֵɫҲ˱仯ͬܰǷ
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ӴѪ뽣⣬ҲֻһץⱩ䡣
ۡ
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ֱֻ뽣һӣ˿˿ѪҺȻǽɫġ
ӣʲôʿ
˲ԼķɽڶԷУһչҪ


1345 ׻Ω٣ϣ
ˡ
޿޲ɵģʦֶһǾ֮͵顣
˵ʵڻЩа˵ǰ˵жôʱ䶼˽ġ
µĵһ㶼£׳ƣжôľͲܡ
˵ϲɻļһǱ˵ͽܡ
ֱǿԣν
ߵ壬֤ܵñӻ졣
ʹĺ뽣ġ
Էĺƴƣʸоͷ
ԪԽǿԽܹ֪ЩĶ
ǸӦճǹӼ㡢Ʋζ֪ƾԼΪ磬ͲǶ֡
ƣٴﵽԪصĵزˣҪǿһЩδ֣ѹסԲʮɾ룬ѵɶһλĳλϼһװС᣿
˼άһң
ɡ
һȣп档
мǽӰ΢΢һ̤ʮɵ涼ƽƽݰߣȻ͸оԼСһ飬ڰյ壬Ȼѱץס
Сȷ飬ͬһʱ䣬ŶԷƴһ֮֫ٺͬʱ顣
Ԫ˼άҲóٶ
Ҫ
ʴʧɫ
ʲô㣬㲻ҪɱңûҪģʦǻɽһ棬Ȼ౦һ⡣һðʧ֪Ҳɵˡ
죬ƽ϶ɱ޹ûģ
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ʿ̫ע壬ҲǴͨһ죬ֱɡ
עصֻʺ
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һ֮ʱͻ׼ȫ֪ЩħĸΪʳԻңΨڡ
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ϣܿڻɽһʦϣһ·
ճĲˡ
ȻһݻҲ˵ƵˣΣ㶼նħֵòء
ճзâһٲʵķϻ־һơ
䡭
תǿһܿȻ
ճ飬һƴÿռ䶼ƬƬѣ羧ɢɽ
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ץһң⿴˿һЩ֮⣬ֻмϸСҲʧ˳ͬ뽣һͬӽ鶴
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˵ǵԪճƾ֮˵ΪһǰٴʱӦôﵽԪڣѾշأӷԪ飬׼ԪԲ
תȴȻڵڶתҲԪڵľ磬Ԫ񾳽绹ҪһЩ
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1346 ׻Ω٣£
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һͬ·һͬ鱸ʮλͬˣʵϲ⡣
ԼĪճݵĽҲ˼־̵Ľܡ

ճ̾һȻ˱ˡ
˵Ӣ֮Ůˣߣʸ߻
λƴӣȻȲȴҲһɡ
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ңüʹ⣬͸Ŷ伪ƣи֮ˡ
ԵдˣһεԵͷˡճϲ
ӢƴȻžǰԼֻҪúıһ£ܹɡ
Ǳʮλأ飬ü͸ŲɫȻǳţԳ
ȴŹʣʷ󲿷ֶͷ­߸߰𣬿˵ʱһںƴճǰҲǰģȻôġ
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Ҫǣճ˵۹֮пĽζһּĽޡ
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һ˼ǾΪλϣҶλвһԾͿʼô򡣡
ʱһԳڣʮλӿճһЩġ
УһɫӲݰģרŻŮõģǳΪ顣
־ôһ˼ˡ
Ǽλӵܣгһ˿˿⣬ǽ׼ܡ
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ƴӵûԵݣֻǺȻЦɵÿһ㣬ոЩˣҶ׼ȥ¥ƾۻһһг̡
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ģȻ˳ˮۡ
ΪδƣΪҲ
ԸоõԼʮˣͱаɸ˽֡
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˵һС̵ľٶаɸɱɶϳħ
Ŀ굱ȻԼаħˡ
ô˵ǲܱ¶ʵǰݵñݺá

ջϴһ壬ճͷԸܼҵа١
ոոϵüˣ·ҲûԷ˴ҶѾǰ󱳣ճԼǰȥ磬ϹܼҾͽƲˣкͬʳ
үҪ˸滤ɣһ˳ⲻȫ
ͱ̫ˣүҪǱأڱǣ

ΣͷԲˣҲҴˡ
һ·ϣճΪǿ
үָͿǣ书˵ҪӱʵǸЦˡ
үһСģʱүǷԸˡ
ˣҼء
ճʩʩȻţ߲Զ¥
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Ҹһġ
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ʱںüĿĶһ·ݵϵʿȳš
һǮȾ쾭壬ҪŶûС
ϵʿüһ̧Цһ˵̵ĺһ
ճһ٣ЩˣϵʿȻϵá
ϰ֮ʱԼӢŮ˷ֱ𣬼뿪ǽǣžơ
û뵽ȻϵǰͷˣÿĽų̡
һΣʿ֪ӦΪƴӶճ۾УҲ;վԭأ뿴λü˾ʲôá
ʱƺ벻˶죬ϵӣȻŭǰȥƣһͳϵϡ


1347 㾡ϣ
ʱŭ˰ƣҲ˾ռߣҲû˾ʲôס
ʵǣλߺλμЩˣ˵ۣȴйĹݣԺ󽫻ǰƽ²Ͳһײ㡣
ƽЩҵ̿͸Щ书ĽӣⲻҪҾмӡ
ǼһͬлһϵҲҸԼִ
ָоͻȻﵽԼͷǷˣ
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ȴϣϵʿԭҲδʱȻһ׵ϡӴӴĸʹ
ԭһƾǴʯ֮ϣʱʹķΡ
ۼֻ֣ʱѾ׵øһ㣬Ϻ͸ɫ
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á
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Աƴæǰ˫ֽеλһԡ
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ԣжҲʮֲģΪ̫ױƭˡ
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ճһϲϵʿĵػ㲻֪Լһ½⡣
ͬʱҲһݣ˵Լֽ֮֮ڸӦÿǡ
ϵʿԼĿһۣףԷǻ档
ѹˡ
Լ֮Ϊ֤⣬Ȼʴ䣬ⴿȴȻ
½ʵǿգ֪ζܣ
Ǵϡ
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ϵıֻ٣Ӷˡ
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ճһ⣬ͷһӰ
ѵⷨӴˣüɵͽΣƾѪ壬ȻҲû÷ۣҪĸۺ񣬵׿ʲô



1348 㾡£
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ճü
ԷһֵȷǲԼȻҲȴ㴺Ϣ
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á
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һǰһмϥһУò׶Ŀΰ˫㣬Զһõࡣ
ڴվŮӣ次


1349 գϣ
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˵ţʹҫʮֻ谵ճûа㲻ˣƴӣͬŷݣҪɽ
㣡

һһ󣬳μлǰǰ߷Բֵʵʵ
ХУճ̧ȥ
ͼһ̣ͬˮһ㣬Ƥƴ裬һÿֱۼᣬִ󿰱ȳ˴ȡ
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˫ž޴ˡһͷ£Ŷ硣
ֿ׹䣬ģ뽫Լ˴һࡣ



1350 գ£
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죬ڳճָĵƹⷽ򣬵ײײıȥȪһӿ


1351 ˮϣ
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һɫ⣬˸İ׹⼲ȥ
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·Ϣı⽣һɨ৵ͬСһ㣬۶Ͽ

μѰָӷɽδﵽһҲδﵽˣ˼ҵĵز
ճοǣӦǰһɨȴ΢΢һ㶡
ķ֣Ⲣͨǰ㣬ԼܴΣոо
Ŀǰ߲壬Ҳǲɵֵ
Ϊǽ֮
ϰŮʮŽͶŽ֮󣬼Ӧ뵽ľǿ㣬Ѿγ˱ܡ
Ԫɾ֮󣬵õĿϵлȡ
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ʱ̽⣬ﲻһЦ
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͡
ճ׹һͳһ˶󻨶
ʻεʢУž˵



1352 ˮ£
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ⶦָһ죬ɫɽУŷдСһȱڣһ˿ʹƤ鴤ƺߵĽ͡ҹɫ֮Уƾ׽͵ס˷ɽģδ˵
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ֵܼˣ֮Ǿɽ뿪ڴҲ̲ʲôôȥѰӣˬ졣

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֪ɽҲ㵱Ӳˡ
ʵʮַӦӽⶦķɽ
ûһ仯ճֳַɽĽⶦһľ׮ӣҲò˶١
ֻǰѪҪ罣ӲӲѰԷһ
ܺãҲǺܲ
ճʵ˸̵˽⡣
ΪɽΪ磬ǶԸɵ¸ԪӣԼųƾ߷۷ôҲӮġ
ЩֻҪҳɽеپһľ磬죬磬޼᲻ݡ
ǣֻǶԸһЩĵײɢˣûлϳ֮ļһԼԽ͵ҲǲɶԸ
ȻǷųͨУҲ
ԪӦ֮УɮϢԼҪһ㡣
ϣӦԪڡոͷصĵز
ۼӦУǿȣԼǳֿȭҲܰý衣
һᣬճͰԽΧ
ѽֻװװӣʱãǲ軨޲
ܲľʯԿΪճȻҲǿԵġ
һ֣㲻úýҲȡʤ
رĶ֣ѽҲûʲôþˡ
΢΢һЦճò͵ľƵȥ
ʱɫѾࡣ
ҡڵľסޣƲˣȴڶƴɽ
˵뷨ѺòӳѨôҲܻɽţ϶Զ߸߷ɡ
ɽϵĺҲһ롣
ԣճһҲĶԷ

ڶ죬̫Ѿ߸ճ뿪Ƶ꣬˴䡣
Ŷͷ·͵һɽ꣬ǰһƬéᡢľԺ䡣
ԶԶľͼżӰ
һЦ
£ҵĺͽΪѣ͵û˵
ʦϣͽһݡ
һſǻƴӡ
ճϸȥͼǹЦ֮ˣй֮Եϵüɵǰˡ
ʱ·ϴøɾԵòôݡ
䣬˫Ŀͬһ㾼Ȼ鼫á
˵ſ飬Ѿǧ˰ɡ
ճУҲ΢΢ЩĽƴӡ
֪һӴ̤Ŀ쳵ӭȡ׸ŴɣӴҵڡ
ûʲô仯֮ƴƺЯͬӹͬ硭
ʲôǸǸ
֡
ճ񣬿ƴӣ̾޳ͨȸĪ⣬ƴӾϲ
λûҹ̣ŨŨϲ⣬סճ֣ЦҾ֪һգ֮Ī
˵һҾأǸмֵõֵָ֮ȥ۵úˣεԲſڣȻؼСһͬɽͰʦҸʦʦǶüˣҲġ
ʦͽӵ죬ȫ֣ȻҲû˼ˡ
ƴ˵С
ճæ̾Ŷüɽ˾סռţҡ
ȫĽĹâһҲΡ
һ㣬Ϸġ
ı࣬һ飬ͷΪһ
οڰʦŲԵͻأأ
ճô˳ȻԵƴѾʼæƽ⡣
ʦҲʮĽɵ֪ܷһʦͬϰգʵǺܺõһ顣
ճһϲʹǰʦ
һ㶣̧һֹ֣סճĶҡҡͷС񣬰˵ƴӣôҲǷһ飬δɡϧǣȴûʦͽԵݣҲҶüˡ
Ǿܾˡ
ճһʧ֮ɫҲβס
һ·㾡Ȼˮ׷ѹ
ƴӻҪȰ˵˰˰ֹסɫСľʧԪǰüҲȡóɾͣͷԾ㣬ɽٻҲպڡ
⻰նûаתء


1353 ţۣһ
һϮӰԶȥƴʮֲζ
תʵʦһҪüΪ־֮ǧ֮أǰʦ˵ǶüҪӢŵӣ鹵ʱôҲƵһӢŰɡ
ƴܡ
оԼԴӽ˴£ֵʮţͬΪ˽μֱǹâɡ
ɮ֮Уһ˳ڵ˵Χ֮ȫˡ
¼ֱڷ䴫
ƲӢţʲô˲ųƵϣ
˶յͽΪЩɵʻҲֻЦƴӣ֪նͽܣʲôΪͽɲԹӾ;ġɻˣǶüһ¹ϵ֣֮֮ĸɱȽԶһ漰ˡ
˵ͣһͣҡͷ˵˸Ҳסֻ֪һˡͽһ£ʵʦ½м¼Ѱ˶ѡ
Դô࣬ĳЩˣͻӰ쵽˵˵Ӱ쵽㣬ע²ӡ
лԵעԵԵ顣
ƴӻȻԼžǶüʦյͽˣҲ֪ͽʲôӣ
뵽עԵЩ⣬뵽ʧԶӰвһۡ
Եһ£˭Ҳ˵尡һʮˣվֻˡһ·ӣһ˷ߵսһ̾ϧ
վһԵֵûôлЦ˵ʦܻǳԣѽҪͬʹԭҲֻǣԺڼľ۹ƽｻ󾭽ܱܣҽɽ֮ʱ޶˶
⻰˼˵תʵǸƴӣʦŵľ߲ЩҵģǲҪԡ
ޣ˶׳ԵɽŲ
ϧǽĸʦ忴ˣǿȴûķҪһƪźľȴܾˣҲǸû̫ร֮ˡҡͷ̾
ֻǴĵǳţҲ𽭺ܻõν书¼Ҫǿࡣ
ֻҪ޵ڷ֮кѰֵġ
⻰ǰǰȥ֮ʱƵ飬ﾹһ˿
ѵξȻ˲ɣ
룬ݺݵĹһھơ
񣬰ûͷԺֻǷԸ֣ϻɽţ֪ʦǣĴѾĴаǾ֮һ򾡣аħü硣
ˣ֮ٶܼط֪ͬЩһҲҪԸȵһʱ𣿡
ǣʦ塣ЦӦתȥˡ
˵Ļ˵úˣüɵʵǿͨеݡ
˱ֻһ㡣
ǣΪ̨ɣʮֹа˶˵ϻ
ǷԼĴ±˶ϣӦͻĴԮ
ܿһЩаˡ
ͨǸ
ڴ˴ӪټҵһȻն
ЩһˣʱĦȭƣָŵȵа֮ʱһ򾡣ȡ
֮£üָտɴ

ʱճͻصݳǣջͣ¡
ϹܼѾĵɫףһæӭ
ūȥˣճȥľһδܻʲô£š
£ǰɣܼң˵Ϊ岻̫δͬЩһȥ棬ֻǶڷ𣿡
ǣ
Ϲܼɫһףƺ뵽ĳЩõĶֲʡ
ճҲԣصͷ֮Уһ˾˼
黺
һЩ飬Ҳ
ҵòˣݣɲ֮ˣǿֱӲ鵽ģʵҪСĽ
ǰҪüһֱαװͨЩˡҰʲֻԼķʽȡýˣʲôĵطҲˡ
ճһ

ŵʱ򣬹ܼһ㱨˳Ϣ˵ʮҾʧٵϢѾֵ÷з
ǶǺɱЩ˼ȥٸԸϣɱɱܡ
ֻŹ˰գɷ糱Ѿѹ
ٸϢЩ֮ӣɽʱ򣬲ɽ⡣
֣ΪҲֻÿڰ˳ˡ
ڷ£Ҳ
Ҳ֪Ŷٽס
ճϢֻǵ˵ͷûб顣
֪ڳ㣬Ӫ˴ĻҵҪ˵ͨͺٸûйϵôҲ˵ȥ
ԣ̬չҲȻ顣
˻ΪٸάģճȴôΪ
ڣԼķʽΪЩΪܺĿһ¹
ΪеҪҪ鶴֮ڵıԴأһЩ̡



1354 ţۣ
ʱɫںڣ̾ѾʼȣֵҲ̫ľͿʼž
ճϢţԪ̽룬⣬һƬ
ܸоԼԪһǿһ˿˿Լ

ָоٻŮȫһ
˵ٻŮеʱ򣬾ͺñȳԷʱ򣬻ʱʱԵһɳӡ
ָоǳԵǸɸɾĴ׷֮羫ֲʴס
𣬿
⻹Ǻ쳾̻𴦣ӳɽ֣϶죬Щصɽˡ޳һգϳ֮Ҳ˵ÿճԵĶӡ
һջ˼Զġۡ죬鷳ꡣ
ⲻ˭࣬
Ȼûʲôս·һЩǣϻǺСĵġ
©̽ͽճţ
Ϊ¸ոճƽãػһЩĻʹѪʿо¡
ϣЩ˻ʱ
ճ˵񣬸ûϵ
ûһҹ·ֻǴ򿪴ʹ˳ȥ
ü΢΢һȣһâӴٱĽɫѪȫϢ֮䣬ǿʮжࡣ
ȭͷ÷
һ紵ڵƻϨ
ûܿžҹɫ֮УһƵӰűȥٶȻ⡣
ճ߳ţѡ·Ϸǽǽ
ӦýзǽӦýǽ
ʱʮߵĳǽֻһԾƮ˹ȥҶᣬ졣
˸䣬ӨӨɫ֮£ϳһϸϸߡ
ӹɽֱ֣߰±ȥ
ճûԦʹԪУԼĳЩ˸֪Ҫ鷳
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תأ֣ˮѪ֮֮УŶ
Ǳ˿ˣҲֻ̾Ϣһ˵á
ֻҪ÷ɽն壬ƾ˭Ҳ벻жǿӲ
ȻѾ˰ʦüͷǾͲ̫ࡣʵڷ徳磬ҪʲôţȻˣҲװģˡ
հľǰһһ֣۹䣬Խ
ЩУȫǱԴ˰
Ƴ⣬߸˴УճչһЦ
ͨУ벻ɣˡ
䡭
һը죬΢΢
ȴճ𴦣һǰʯͷʨӡ
شǧʯͬƤһ㣬ƺ˶֮ϡ
ϸľǰɽ
Ϊ̫󣬲ˣ鹣ԺǽҲ
̳𴦣һƬǼ
ĿͽҴ´ţ𣿡
һߴлͷĴ۳վ𣬸
ϣ
ճʣЩŵĺͲĵӣø˵
Ǻͷ­գأźϣƺš
ճһһשʯ飬ǰߡ
Ŵ¸ӿĺУҲ⡣
֣˸߹ʮɾ룬ѵ˶ʮλС
Щ˴󲿷ֶ̻¶ȻǰǺȵʮֿġ
ʱ磬ٿѪһĻڲŷӦѰĸ֣ЩԴ¹Դ͡
ͨ㺦ʮλͬѧ֣һǰ𣿡
ճʤѩѪӦ滺ˣһ˿һƣҸá
ﻶϲҲһڡ
νδУеʵ˱ɡ
ޱ֮ս֮ʦ
Ϊǰ°㣬˺ܶˣѹǰ𡣡
ʮǿ󣬾˵ȥҲû˵֡
Ϊ˽ٸ⣬Ǿ͸˵ˣΪٸڰܣԩֻܹ꣬ǰһ
ԭ㣡
ͨ˳ŭɶ
·δ룬֮бɱŭֱײţ۾ð𻨡
նҪǧУܳͷ֮лԣϣɱˡ
ͨзѪ⣬ƺŭԪ˼ȴĵǰңɨÿһʯͷÿһ绨ݡ
Сȥһı˵üһЩڴ˳ûǲǳҹɫ͵ϮϧԪʦֺ¡˻δֵҰ
ò˵ͨˡ
Ϊճǰɱˣ滹
ֻһ£ͽܵ˶֣ԼȴУʹɽʱ׼š
±͵Ϯˡ
ĳЩ˵ͨʵҲ
ȷڶĴ£ֹһˣһ
Զɽۣһô£һŮھš
ɽ羢ϵĵƮɣ΢Ļ죬壬¶͹͸塣
ַ羰һܻῴӶɳԲԶϯضϵʿȴδ
ѣǵͨͽˡ
ǴĪЦݣʵȴЩġ
Ǿ˸Щ̽


1355 ţۣ
ܾٹ죬˿
ԽˣԽǲöԸ
˵ʦּɷ̫һԪʦüɱȽ֮ˣѾ
Ů˸ûһ㣬̹
ҲԹ޶üɶϵˣʦ̫˽ܡ
һӴҰףʶԹǷǵģ
˵ԷһҲǳ𣬶üôҲŵġ
Ů˵յĻԪʦҲй֮޲
ѵõǣԼµӣûʲô£Ҳɶ֡
ʵ˿
һЦƺ˻⡣
˵ͨˣͽòȥԴӻԪȥЩХһΪأûٰԼ̨ɴˣ̨ɶ˴ˡֲǲ֪岽ӣЩûʲôϸ𡣡
ˣ֪ġ
ջԪʦüƽһȽ˫ƾУսȻ֮ʱԪʦų˰м嶾ɽ
˽һһʱһУж֮Σ
ԪʦƲˣҪɱ֣üսһ֡
˶֮£Ԫܹסͷν͵Ϯһ
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ǣԪʦӦսǰҹȴԼͽ˻̫޺Ԫ«
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Ҳܵ޿ȵˡ
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ʵǣ֮ս̫˾ˡ
ͨв֪ʲô裬е꽣δţóڼɵʲô
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ѪˣʮгƬ£׼Ѽޱȡ
۽ջдһƬɻȰİ꣬鶯ûӣȴǵɫֻһ񣬾籩һ㷢
аһӴ⣬ȫƬ
ºȻæ֮һʹӿ͸оһѾϸ߿ա
Ƽ䣬ͷһȴԭԼͷ廹ڵϷ
ĿСոմǰһͼ磬ӷ
󾪣һʦҡ
ХǰԺڳлѶλƵâ֪ʦ꽣ˡ
Ԫ˷صľ磬һ֣ͻӦַɽɴɽСӣǿ
ѹԺ³֫
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Ŀǵֻ㡭
á㣡
ͨųɽΪ㲻һնɱҲҪƵԱ
û뵽Լʦش꽣Էֻ棬ȫӰ죬οþһ㡣
Ʈ֮䣬Ͷ㿪ն˳һնɱԼһͽܻС
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ճ˼Σ⽣ȻʮɷԲζס֪ôҲܱԡ
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Ǹ
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ǧԼ׳ɵ˼ά
Ƕüţ롣
ΪûʶתҲŹŹ
ԣͨᵽճǿͽҲȻʮģΪԼһӮ
ΪʵҲġ
ֻø࣬Ҳסˣȹϵһ
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ҪǣվߣЦЦϵ۷ƮţƺҪ衣
˸ҿ϶ֻҪа㶯ԷħɽҪųˡ


1356 һ壨ϣ
ˡ
̾һεҲ֪ôģ൱ء
½ս棬ֻҪͨвҪؽҲһ׵飬һЩ
ǼһﱻݺݵĴɥ᲻ûаȫУڳϦ̬֮£һŸǰ
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ΪβڻɽͽڿΣݳǣûɰŴȭĻҲ̫񣬿ȫͨе
ԹۣԾԾԣԶǰԺȴѾȫԸ
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ǰ±¶һЩ˵ı£Լüɵж裬ȫû˹˼ɡ
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ܳһĽɫÿŤɲơ
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ۡ
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ԼԪӦĿ⣬ʮֶأߵ£ǲϴġ


1358 ׷Īϣ
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ҩСǰͷСظ֮ϣ䶼ˣȻߵòС
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һűԱħ̣ϰʮħ˵ҲøŹΪȴȱݡǰܿ죬˺ھԴֽ١
ҺҸʦֳⴳʱ򣬵õһ顶Ԫ澭ƽͣʹе̫һԪƪǡȻҪԪšСƪ
ճΣﴫ澭
ҩȴʮ˷ܣСˡš
۰Ͱ͵Ķ¼Ǵĳһ仰
ˡƮ죬꾫⣬йһء
βأǰأͣ



1359 ׷Ī£
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ǰ˵δͨ˶Դˡ
ڴУճȻչ¶ǿò˼ǿǣչ¶ԵĽ
ֶ̽ԷڲȷûаӰӣֻܰ̾컯壬ȷ
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ճȥŪԼҹͰСй޵Բԭڡ
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ƴӿæסʦΣΪδͽֹϵáҪȥ°Ҷüģͱѹˡ


1360 Ҫкãϣ
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һ߼УһߵŽֻ᲻Ѿ뿪ݳǣϿ
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㰡ոհʦŲ֪ͨǺҲǿ̨ԪʦͽܣΪʦ嶼˶١ݳӪټҵǼ
ƴȻԺҡҡͷֱ̾ԷǸӣֵֻһδδʦ沫ɱˣѶë̫Ⱥһɱ⡣˵Ժ󣬾˵Ѿˡ۶üһΨʦֿɿ⣬ǣʦǶü콾֮ףôȽϣ𣿡
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ԭѾô𣿿һģΪӴһ죬һڵأһ·ԶһӴȻȥȻֻ֮һڵ
䳤һʱԡ

µؽ磬Ѿʲôսۼֻɽ֮ﲻʯľͷ
Ĵôʱʱںźӡ
ͨɱɮȫⱾһ¡
˵ȴҲ̫顣
ǶʱĴεᱦսɱˣǳе顣
ɱˣɱҡ
öˣҲϰˡ
֮Ҫ޴£ʵΪ˼ͨУΪ˴һ΢أıء
ǰͨռţΪԭ򣬵Ҳû˴⡣
Ȼȥˣ϶ͻЩۺ죬˵һһžۻԺҲá
뷨ģȻֻǽ޺Ԫһˣ˵ʵǿǰͨҲǹϵԣ͹ˡ
޺Ԫ׳ͷԴ⣬ϼ΢΢ɫһȥͬ޺һ㣬ƼΪ
ʱĽ޺ȴЩܻ
ͨʦܾȻһСˣһλûе˵ԼǳĻˣɮѣͽë̫Ҳȥǻˡ
һǻƶ֪ôйֻǷݵǧҵʱǵү
ԪأԷźݡ
Աһɫɭӥǵ꺺ͻȻ廰ԪʦʦֱնһһЩƣûʮºѽתȱĶɰķֻϲ١üɵɽеİ׹Ҳ˱֣ǰ˺СŮ޵Ľ⣬еʦ̫ҲǺǵġǼ˶֧ȥԮɣ
ɽϺҲȻ˵ǶüɵĶս
ʦ̫ǰаˣ֪Ҳ£ר
Ȼӵˣʵȴ˿δǽ
Խȸаĸ֣ԸǰͬԽĺԪȫ



1361 Ҫкã£
Ԫü̾Ϣ
뵽ԼⷽèСèֻüɵԽԽǿ¶аƴǳһߵľơ
սδ۴󽫣ʵǳʦ
Ԫ̾Ϣһǰ˵õģʦߡȶпܵһˡ
˽ˣתܵúܣ̲סԪʦ֣ǲǺһˣһλڻɽ岽ӣܲ᲻ЩӰɣȥ룬ӦϣˣǴǿԮ
˵ɹãϵ֪˼˭Ҳ²͸Ҷ²ǲǼӽüͼˣȴǲɻĴơˣҲôɵɵҲȥһ룬ĴӦ֣ԶüҲһ塣
£˾ͷأ£ֻǰһЩŮˣš޺ԪͳŽ⣬Ĵߡ
㣬ƽ½˭˵ϼûϺõ˵ѡ

ɽС崦һг
ｻճҩȥɽ뿪ˡ
Ļ˵ǻһЩҪ졣
ճµȥЩʲôһ仰Ҳûʡ
ʻû㹻ıǮС
а֮ˮ̫̫롣
ʱֲλʹգϾҲûѰ붯ֵɡ
˵۶üɵ˺ʹµ֣˭ʤ˭ûйϵ
ֻţһ硣
ˣ㱸
ʱץʱʱ
Ҳ֪ʦϢ¾Ȼˡˡһҹ̽ɮһСҺɱͨ̾ܣȻ˶ܻܿȸں󡣡
ҩһ·˷ܣʱʱһΣź޽죬һ
ؾЦſԼŮ轣ϻο
ʱž˽
ŮȻɹǣȻͲǸƽӡԼһֱͬʦѧգǵǰ̡
ڻ
һЩӣӢѾûһ̻Цƽʵ
ճȰ˵֮󣬾Ǩȥɽ¡
ԺŮһЩ
ʦ֣һֱ᲻ܣ
ʦ֣ҷãôҲʹϾʦ˵ˣĽ侫̽ҰɡҪһɽҶ򲻹Ҳᶪ˲ǡ
ҩѾ߳һյӰճ֮󣬾չ¶Ůԡ
ߴߴĸСȸһ㣬ָûꡣ
ңһǸһСңճֺЦޡ
·ûõʱɽҩȥֻˡ
ճľбҪǿһСĽʱһСıȥԼ˱˴ˣǿǶˡ
ðɣðɣֻһ飬ٲ֣һ·ιɽ
ճ³ʾؾͷϳǰС
үҲԾúܣӲӱҽԼŮҲһ
ʵϣͣѧѾˡ
ճŻҩȴЦһҲ£űͷСһͷӦţ
ʽŴ̡áҡơ㡢ءǳѧ˵Ҫ鱾һһʽѧƫУҿȴǲأˡ
ҩɴ۾һգҲգġ
ǰһճг̳˳һϣǽת󣬷ãȦ
ͬĻʽͻ˹
ǲǽɽϪɢ޶İơ
ʱʱǰֹ
˵ֻһ飬ʵճǲô顣
վԼԪ񣬰ѽӴҩʶ
ֻһ˽ǧ򽣡
ܴһǶȣӳһ
佣С
𣿡ճֶʵ
ˣһԲ
ףô쿴ԲĵҲܱǽͲҪϰˡ㲻Сƪڶ֮УͨĽѽ飬ãɷһȥʲôʱһˣϰ
ʲôãɷ򣿡Сö䷢ȣһ
ͷ룬Ĳ轣
֮󣬾;ڤ룬ǹͨȥˡ
ճ̾ϢһϾ㡣
ԭУûӢƹ֮£̫۵ҩҲԾˣʵ˲֪˵ʲôá
ٶȶûֽʮִϻ۵С꣬ҲΪٻŮ粢û֮ԭʰɡ
ճǷһ˿ůЦ⡣
Ҳϥ£λ֮УԪ
죬ɵأкϳˣ߷Уգ֮ԪԪ֮ʼ޼Ԫ޼
ò˵ɽбΪĹϹܹõɣǰ·ޡ
̫һԪ澭׹ŶصĹЧΪԪԣһ塣
ħаԼȵȣΪһȻɻԪ޼
Ϊ̫㣬Ҫϲ٣ŹҲûкô
ǾǿԽϳ˹ǰ㽲ִ֮
书Ǻɰٴ˴
Ź֮ʹɽͽս濹⡣
ǶüɣƴҲǿסġ
ԪʦʧܣȻˣʧ֮
ɽ嶾ɽ̫ޡԪ«ȱһ·ƽơ
仯ֻѹˡ
ò˵˼·ǶԵģĻ̨Ҳ䵽³
㲻㣬˭Ҳ²ԼͽܻŪʦҲ벻üɻ᲻Ⱥ
벻֮һĿͷӣȻνı
һ͵ϮľƷ
˫嶾ɽҪҵרΣ㹻
ǣˡ

ճһʼŹʹ񵽱ˡ
ŻԪ˵ֱؾ磬ɽϺն죬Ԫʦֻǹ˱ɽأոմﵽϺΡ
¶һ϶̳
ɽХ֮ǿᣬ˸ҵ
Ԫ񹦷ճľת巨ǽƷŴ˼
Ԫΰ˫ش֮£˭ӵס
ճֻҪ룬ЩЦ
᲻һ־Ͱ˴СҪҪҲȥһӵ
ʱһ֣֡Ȼ󣬾վ̾һҪкã
ճ˦˦ͷ̲סЦ
񣬰Ļ˦ԺԪ澭


1362 ȫѹϣ
һգλƵڵһǳء
ճ˳̧ͷȥ
ɽβɽɼƣ˵
һĿһ£ЦȻɽԽ棬Խ㣬пܲӡ
;ҩҲʧȥ˷ŷɵ飬ֻǶ֮ϰɡ
ʱĿĵصˣƣСϣҲָɣؾȥһٰɣԸԵᷳˡ
˵СĵĿճ
ȥɣҲµûʦӦûôҲɽ
ճȽǣʹˣ֪ջƷס޿ڱܺã;ֱǰ
ؾ˽ˣҲųļӣֻЦǺǵǰš
꣬ڴٴһϺþƲˣڳԺ
Ϫ粻ҲΪ㣬Ժڴ˰ˣɽ֮赣ļѧ¾ͺá

ҩԵ͹ĹģĲɵӦ
ǵһγԶţʲôʵģŶʳ͵ĸ̸Цʱʱ¶֮ɫ
˼Ͳ֪ɵȥˡ
ճúЦ֪͵ŮδԣһЩ֣Ƕ;ǸȤʱ
ʮСȻľӣʵϣСŮԣⲻ룬ǰģ
Լ顣
ȴǱҩҪꡣ
Ҳ֪ôˣ
ûӽȭʵˣ᲻ѧУѣȥ˵úúʰ
ճ£žƣתһҡͷ̾
ѾŲ֪ʱգʱ߶ˡ
ԭ磬ͣأǻصȥ
ԭʱߣķչţ
ﵽʱռĵزЩԶ벻׵ġ
ȻҪƿعȥδںɳȥ־磬Լ񶼲ܡ
ңԿ⣬ôԼԪƺƿˣʵϣҲƮĸƼ
ôڴңЩΪµķȣʮЦٲˡ
̧ͷƺ˾⡣
ɽŷ˵ഫ죬ˣҲôһ죬Ҳվھ֮ϣһķ羰
ճһ׾ƣζһջֵ˼ҪһСɽ֮顣
硱һ죬ˤڵء
һߴӺ棬ҡҡλſڳȥûϵſڽһˣһͷײȥ
Ӵ
ƺֱĺȴˣӽһˤ˻һӡ
ƨ̧ͷȥſھӣû·Ҫ𡭡
һʮİ꣬üĿɫӨףΪ˹
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û˵ɫһ¾ͳ
ˡ
һȣ˹ݱЩ˿˿ɷ
ĺһݣת۾ͱԼķӦˡ
ŭǰһѾץؿڣҪס·һֻֻŰƣˡ
ʳȫ̾ϢſڣܾҪùˡ
Źʣ⣬Ҳ֪ʲôЩƿ͸ʶ
ƽûҲ֣ռСˡ
ؾüë˶û
ҩȴ¶ɫͶ˶һճҪ˵ʲôֲҡ
ճҡҡͷʾⲻȥܡ
ȻǸߴֱ۸ոջ֮ʱ˶оءһ졣
꣡
һѪ罦
嵹ɶˤУ˻
˶ȥͼߴֱѾ˹Ļȡ
ֱۿ򴦣һƬҶӡ
ѪУֱ紦ֻһƤţȻѾˡ
ݡ
ھƿ͵һٿǰʮ־
ҶӼΪҶǿͲȥԷƾ⣬һߴӴýϹֶۡΣⱾ£ĳ
ҩȵŴС죬һʱá
ոջЩϧԷʱŷֿۡ
Ϊ˼ĿճһۣͷȾƣҲ˵ˡ
ĿһǸҩѣҪ𣿡
ɭĮһƾ˭˵黰֪Ȥܻܿɱ֡
ʹòҪιȥ⻰æסҽ֮Ŷϵֱۣײײĳ˿ջ
ǰݻ˵ˡ
Թź㶵ģ㶵²Ҫġ
µʵǲҪģĳЩ
˼ҶָͷûˣٲҪиƨã
ɫԻתͷƹϾƲˡ
ãԷġ
Ҳԣǵˡ
ΪԴ֮ʱʱľ̽ͷſڣҲôԲˣֻǺŹѾƣüĽš
ճͻȻ¾ƱϸϸһۣЦ
ĿԷһ龫µĴ塣
񣡡
ͷ˿ҩСŮ֮ҲһͬĶ
鲻״ͬƶһ㣬þˣͻԴƺһͼᶯ
̵ֵС⣬ճԼҲС
ֻ鶴֮Уûйҳ
˵˹֮ʱ徻飬£
Գˣźܴá
ճΪߣȻС⡣
廹һãǾǻɽƲ̨״ӵƾ֤
ճҲǴӴ棬Ų²ںܿܲɽ
ΪճԸɽȥó״ƾ֤Լа١
ָ㹦ڽ
棬ճѾԼĲµ˭ȴҲûǰк˼ɫĹעš
뿴ԷµɽΪ£



1363 ȫѹ£
һᣬ⴫Цö
ճ̧ͷȥͼŮˡ
һ£ĸһŰ£սĿˡ
ߣ´ƮƮ㲻մأͬӡ
ѵõǣŮŴķһ·æÿ·
Ϣǰ꣬Ҫǿࡣ
ҩʱ۾ֱˣ۾ȫۡ
ǳ⣬Ž䱸֮ģСܾܹܿȥʶԷˡ
ɫŮӣԣͬԡһĸ綼⣬ճʱԽȷһ㡣
ֻǾޣ̾Ϣܼų
Ƕİ꣬ȴɫϲ
ҴҵһƬҶӣ⣬㣬㣬ôҲɽˣ̫ˣѹֽʲô鶼˳˳ˮԭǳŴ󼪰
𡣡
¸ŮЦһ˫۾̶ͬˮƺԷ
Цøһ㲻˼ûС
Ůȴʲôɣ˾ͽƽϴ˵ˣվʹȥʦ߰ɣʦȾˣǽÿá
Ƿ˱顣
ǣλĳ˾ͽƽûҲֻĺõӲŻຢˡ
˵ž͵˿ᡣ
һʱ䣬ǹؼʱ̣ġ
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ճ̾Ϊֹ
ڶʳȫͣʳӶҪ
ʵǰ̫ˡ
ǰĮߵĹ¼ţһӷúôĨһ㣬ֿЦģŮЦϣʱʱͬ
Сӡ
ճҡͷ
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˵аɣ̡
ȥȥĸɽϼʦ̫λŮߵúܽ
ճߵúܽʲô˼տǼһıݣλຢжˡ
ɽƺû˱ࡱ
ճļУһλȢ˵Ůӵұ޸졣
Ȼճܼǵԭ򣬲ΪһȢ꣬Ϊλຢǵ͵ĸаʦͶõôӡ
ʱ飬ɡ
˾ͽƽ˧ѹŮԵõ
ⲻԼ£ճֻһЦϡ
ȥɽƲĿҲﵽˣĳЩƤ飬öܡ
ﴫ֮ʱ˵ˣԺġԪ澭޵һزˣʹϾ
֮죬ֱ׷֣ҲΪϾͨ澭
ȻճûʸѧҪԪԪ񾳽磬ܿǱ顣
ȻĻԪֱԲҪͻƵɳɾͣҪǧ㡣
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һ仰û˵ճ֪ġ
Ͼ᲻ᴫÿԼͽܵ׵
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ֻջ񣬲븶鲻ڵġ
ճΪѾ·ҩ˳Եò࣬ˡ
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ſһˡ
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һһ˫ͨɨܣз䡣
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ˣûмһʮ꣬ŰµСӣøƵġ
˵꣬ճһֲۣһۣǶ̴򡣡
ȫˣԷ˵ľǰڴ˵İꡣ
⡭
СЩ˵ʲôȥ۾ֱ㶵ĶǺҡ
ճȥ֪ǵСҪô
ž
귴־һƣõСˤԶһӾۡһ³
Сһ¾ˣſڵϽе㡭Ϊʲôˣ
ߣ֪˻˵
һСԴԱߵʯͷͳһѿڣࡣ
ŵС޹ʰִԵһЩʳȫ˻ȥͷԣ±궢ϡ
СſǻæǰλŮ뿪˵ˡ
û뵽ԼֻһԥһʱίֱᣬȴһҲҵˡ¶ԷԼԴһޡ
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ոǵ⣬ΧԶԷһޡ
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ÿȥÿ죬⻰תߡ
Ȼ׷ȥˡ
һʱ䣬ջؾңŮһۡ
һο϶ŮʦѧǵľֻҪղŵ龰ΨԼֵ̡
ĻǶ㵽ȥվֻĹӡ
ոҲ֮˰ɣ֪λ˽̳ͽܣ׺ݰ
ؾ̾
ճûлش
ǸȫǻɽƲӣ֪᲻ᵣԼŮ
Ǻ䣬ʵҲһ塣
ؾŮãûճǿһ
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ʣµһЩӴȴ۷׷ס
˵ɽŸ˽ɣ˵ƽö೤ӣһСĵˣܾѡ
˵ոͺСģ϶츳ţǽ֡ͨ˾һñ£ײﶼһ֡
⻹ΪʦЯĵرҪǮһιţԲܳһ㣬ҲЩרǰ
һװ꣬һЩ
˿ɲҪ˵󻰣ҩΪףʦҲǱ£Ľáһλ߼ˣҪһ㣬ҲûϣλԻǾҵһ껯Ĵˣ֥ټģҲɽȥѰ
ļٵģԶﴫɡɾɽܵҩͨ˼ţһȴǲš
м٣֥ҶƬ̫үͣ˵ϴ֤ȷġ񳿣ҾͼĴ˺ϲơǷһʣƾʮϹȢϱ
һ˰ǻ˵
ɽ澡ǳ滢һûеӽɽģҲϸ˭˼ҵ󣿡
˵껹һۡ
żۣ۾ҲȣµҵĵҲСǽɽСһ׮׼׼ȥҲ
վͳ˵š
εɽ֥ܵϿǳ֮Ϊ֥ɣ˱ҩճһ


1364 ׼ϣ
ڴҹһսճźУսʮ㡣
ֻ˵ĴۣͰѳʮ֮õаͨնڽ¡
սһ֮УѾ˲á
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ûԪΪֱӷųɽƣʵҲòࡣҪɱͨȻǱȽϳ
ۼսķḻճͨвԼϱԶΪλξأ
ɽ罣޵սʽйء
ǱȽ˵սʵȵǷ
ǿһûսСֱҲпսʤǰɡ
ӢƵȶü֮㣬ﭽаɸĶӵˡ
ңЩսʽһԲϷŷɽ
ﵽһĽޣȫǲ
Ӯûбİ취ȾҪסĹܶȻ󷴹
򣬾֣ܿҲᱻ˿Լһ
սģʽճЩϤġ
統ʱԼĹδɵʱʱסǹеͺѰ졣
ֻҪˣԷõǹ֧ջ
Զˣ֣ܶ㿪ӵ൱
ǣʱһʲôĵһ£ȡýսĻᣬҪࡣ
ľתôһá
ͨ£Ʒɽֻ˵ճ첻̫ɱˡ
ճ뵽ǣǶԷõĲƷɽƷɽһƷء
תĶתΪȻѲΪѡ
ٻߣŽĸԪΪﵽԪ龳ĸ֣ܽﵽֻز
֮ͽٶǿĶ֣Լľתֵסֶ㲻Ȼ󣬾ֻܵˡ
Ӱ˼Σ
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ֻӻЩϲһЩ顣
ͼı̫󣬵̫࣬ҸǸ֣ЩѰˡ
չƣԼüһЩжϣǳ顣
ʱô죿
Щ飬Ƕ㲻ģҲûҪȥӱܡ
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ˡ
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תѣҪʮ꣬ϰʱǣճȴһȡɵķӡ
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ֻҪתƷķɽҵƤ˲ˡ
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һٷ˰ʱ֮ãɫ磬ճ˰
׼һ¡
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Ϊɵ磬ɽϽʵ֮䣬ѹֿԱ̬Ԫ֮С
ֻǺоӢѣȥõĽʣõĲࡣ
ƲƲ죬ΪǱ꽣
ʱոպãСһ룬ΪСɾ¡
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ˣǰѰƽ̫ۣɱƷɽʶͷ档ճûаϧ˼
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Ʒĺڰĸճϵ뷨ûС
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Űƽ綹֮ϣʢһɫ𣬵˰վʧ
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ոͻǿնûҺ޹˼ɵͻֻȻ壬ٹС
üһһѪ
һ䣬־Ķҡ
иѵ÷ƵзֻϧһԵķǴˣóȥҲûС
ôӦԷͬ׶Ľ⣬һȴɫӰѾԽԽԶ
ˣǶüǲ𰡣һһѡ
ճЦεԾ
ⷢһҡͷβջһâҪԶȥ

Զɽۣһǿѹŭ߳һ绮ߣ˰⡣



1369 £
ճ컯˿Զȥʱҩ֣ȴǲӡ

Զɽۣһǿѹŭ߳һ绮ߣ˰⡣
δأ
ճǺЦһ
ԪһͿĹ켣
ôԶҲң붼롣
һﷴûƵĽвֱֱֻȥΨһŵֻٶޱȡ
ٶȣճȴ̵⡣
ԴٻŮ򼾫޷ֱ߲֮绡ߵĵûٶʤԼ
֪ΪζԷ׷óĽ
ڷͲмʹʲôܾɵĽ⡣
ǰȻи˵ݣǶüֽȵɡ
ԸһСô
׼ƣճһʽһϸ
֮ʱȵƿԼĽϣйԼ
ж֮Ϯ⻹жв
һ̡
ճЦȴǷɵøˡ
ʱһëס⣬ա
ȫţ˫սһն
ӭĽͻȻ仯̵Լжʮ֮ʱȻ׹
׺촦һѾǰбһһԲκɫȦ
̫󣬿ռ䱻顣
üһ
ճӦ죬ȵõףֱСˡ
ûϵֵŮգǿͨͨĽ⣬˰;ͻΪУ׵
ճԴ΢΢ѣоâ棬˫ὣնͷ­΢΢Ϲͬɶˮһ㣬ɾ
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һ죬쳹
ճӰһߣǿббء
㵽ʵأֻһѾ˾Żɽ˿ش磬˼ʧӰ١
ԭ¼ɫѪ飬ڲҶϹ֮С
Ǳɫ޽ɿƵıճһи񵲣նбб𣬵ȵ׷ͿӰ
ֻԭѲһȦȥ

׷ˣˡ
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˵ɣƣô£ΪŪ˵ز˭
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ǶüǰԪĴӣƽҲǺһЩǣҲ˭ȡ
ڶü֮Уҡ顢Цеˣźܴࡣ
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ü⿴ϺϲԵΪԵôҲģ֮ҶС
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ѵǻ˲ɣ˿϶Ͳʲô·аµ
㻹˵󻰣Ϊ£Ǻ÷һͱԵҿո˵òǱ׹߻ˡ
ԸԴֲһˡ
ͷϷһǳǳĽۣǱճԽನɨУ࣬
ôܹңҿе֥ɣң㾹Ȼ˵ǿС˰ɣУɴֵˣȥͶСӰɡ
ﲻһͨ磬˵žͺޣ˵ͷԷ飬ŭ㡭
˵תߣס
վԱͬľ׮üʹһ仰Ҳ˵
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ŭ߳ˣЩ춼һ£Ǻźôһ֮㣿ţߣϻᷢ⣬Ȼ֪֮ǲʦŽ÷ʦ㣬֪˭
һ仰û˵ܽӵסԼȫһнѾʤĳЩаˡ
ôһھŻɽûԼҵЩСһв



1370 һͽϣ
װ飬Ҳû˼ԼӵĿߣ죬ΧžŻɽתȦҲѰһ˿ٲͣ
룬ͣǰĵطĸƬ̡
תתµ
ڵϣһƬָðɫ𻨡
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ü벻Ҫ죬ָңָĵ
Ŀһ֪ʩչ㾭ˡ
˵սڶüɱǿλϣۼ㣬ȴûһܱȵ
·ңһƿסüƶȣ˲ţ˺ѡ˺ö顣
üнվ棬ıôҲֲġ
˿ֻһ˳ᢣʤǧ֮⣬֪浽׵ʲôĽɫʲôĹ͡
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š
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һνɫѪ飬ڵâ֮УΪһӰ١
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Ц׵ľᣬ˵ͷͨ͸㲻Ҳû£üе£㣬С˭кۼͲҲҴ˽ӺܲСͿµ׻лҲô󣿡
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ʱ֪ԷԶԶûԼеôȻˡ
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ڵԪ񾳽ֻǴﵽǰ۷壬δﵽڣ˶ԷȼҲֻתԵֵƷϷĹķ̫ʽΪҲӦǿС
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СѾͷ֧°ͣ۾ţʱʱָȥСޣǿĵӡ
ףǶİҪˣ˻ã
СһСһͷ£̧ͷճӰ̾Ȼ
һΣҲˣƺ֪ĵطôҲӲ
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СΧתתȥʱʱñӹ˹ȴûʲôѹ
ȻеԶСϣС¶ģ֪Σս١
ճЩЦĿһۣ˵飬Ҫʼת̫׸۳ɾɡţ֥ޣʱװʮֿǺܽƻģڶ֮Уһעӵ
˵ץ֥ɣҲ޵߹߹Ҫ졣
ȴ֪ΪΣЩס
֥СŵòҪεҾһĿ
ڻ˵ʲôĵĻ˵ó
ճ£ûҧ䡣
ΪγԲ˲ιˣǺǵȳ˳ԻļһСޣ˭ﲻôͻ֪ǲľɾҲǺ죬ϾԵļһ
ϵҹȴݲĴˣֻǳһҩѣôŤ󣿡



1371 һͽ£
ճһݣҪһ֥ɣ͸оԼȱ
ƣͷһѾͷ
۰Ͱ͵ĿԼܲܲҪܿġ
ѾͷҲ֪˷磬ʵǿаɸڶ࣬ʵ̲ݻҲĻҪѰЧǿıҩȴһʱ顭
СѾͷԼŮ࣬Լʲô⻹ճһ˵ЩΪѡ
ҲѾͷڶһ˴ˣѵõĳһԵģˣ顣
Ϊ֮ҲǸҲû̫ˡ
ճȸЩǳŮҪҪ񷲼Ůǰ̵أ
û鰡
ﻹûô˵СѾͷŵ֥˫۷Ź⡢ָֻŵĽһȴǲˣƺڽʲô
ճͷˮĿȥ
֥ɺܻԾôֲˣ
Щüɫ裬ѵԼˣ
Цŵ˵ṩҺҩЧ˻Ҫǿֻ࣬ҪǱӻԺȹ֣ṩӪָΪ
Ŷö֥޵Ļ
ճҲһϲ
һСһ֥ɻЩ¿ڣһѾͷһԼ϶ôҲ÷⡣
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ðɣЩɶɣʵڲŷԼĳԭûеôӲ˵޵ģҪɾߣҪ޵ô飬ǰ㣬㳤ʲôȤأɣֻġ
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ϸһһε׳󣬽ɫ֮£һĻΪϸ΢Ľȵ֫ٺһǿĸоճ
תתعϢһһ֮䣬оԼһʹ
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ҲԽԽ
ԣһ򡣡
Ϊ棬Ϊһ𡭡
ǣһ֣͡ǶʹĶ͡
취ȥҵͻᡮ䡯һը
ճһ䡣


1372 ѪӰͻϮϣ
Ϊ֥ѪΪ棬ȼ弫ϸ΢һĸıṹ
ճתعԽԽ죬ľһͱĸо
ǿûܵԪơ
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ˣ·;֮УĴҺųСѾͷҲ֪һֻƾԼӢʿţվߴԽԽ٣ԭġ
ؿʱ˰ﲻæ˵ѶܡһгɼͲᷢ޷ͻơô˵ʱ˿̣ҵĻԵ
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һСɣڴ˷˱ıǮ𲻷٣ˮɱܵ𡣡
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ճףתС֮󣬻ĹãվǴɣҲԲ
ԶԶܸеһԸɷһͷ
٣ԼǿͷҲˡ
Ĳ˵ƷɽӦѾûа취Լ˺
˵Ҳ˴ţֻҪСõ츮䣬߼Ʒˡ
Ȼиָ󷨣޷Ըġ
磬ŻԪһ̫Ϊ۵΢ǾͲԼܴġ
ǿģһ΢Ҳģʧڣѡ
򵥵˵Щ˼䷨ǴϽ磬Ǻġ
ԼתСɣֻҪСЩҪ壬ϾͲõΣˡ
ȻճҲôɵֱӸ߱ˣҵǿǴңֻ󷨣üƷԸ
ڹؼʱãá
գճһӣׯϣУ֮УȻ
֮ߵӴ壬ڿտ˵ĻУҲ͸һš
ԼһЩ
һȥܻһЩʲô
ߵĽɫˮһ㣬ԲΣĵɢȥ֣Բ
׻ʲôأѵôӲϼ£
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ŵĻУһ鵭ѪɫӰӣƮ˹һѪ棬ճϮϯ



1373 ѪӰͻϮ£
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ʦٲԸ⣬Ҳ¡
ҵϹûзĻᣬҿֻ̡ҪħɣͿתԣǧ򻯣ʱҲ󡣡
һڵڶռй¶׹⣬оԼѪӰѾСһȦ
ôȥʮ๦Ҫ׷ѣ̫ˣǵĽôģ޷ƿء
Ѫ󷨣Ȼôġ
Ѫϱ䣬żΪǿĹЧҲȱݡ
ȥܲһɾʹ
ԷϽĳüΪģȻдȱݡ
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۶ΪθֻҪѪӰһˣܰԪȫһա
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Ѫţޱ߻Уһζ˹
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¶ãĻ֮УһĹȼԷ
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ˮâͬһӿŽʺţϽһ׷ޱȵϸ·
·һѪ⡣
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ÿһͷ죬ð׹⣬ЦųѪ֮УʶԳ
׶Ѫɫͷ­һ֣ŴͣΪһ£ҪԪʶȫɡ

ճһԭز
ݺϽľתױʴ̲ҲƲսˣٽһջ
ڵʴѪΪҲֻƾɫѪҺԷֿɡ
Ԫȴһ֮£ͻΪһ߲ʱɢһָ߹Ϣ
Ԫۺͳ۶Ԫɾת
ȥԪ񾳽ֻǵһ۷壬δﵽڶʹȴԶ
Ѫͷ­˵߲ʳֻһâȥ͸ѳϸѪ⡣
üͷԪֻҪ㣬ҵѪӰ̾ͿͻӰΣ
ǱնǧƬѪ⣬ϣת֮䣬ֻӿ
۽ôնһʹţһ߿Ӳĸڽ֮ϣϴĥ
ۼ߲ʳԪѪɫȫЦ֪Сų鵶ˮˮĵնǧٴΣʹΣ߽սҡǲҪˣԹԵĳΪҵӪ
𣬾͵һء
һͷһ˫ɫӣ䵭Į͸Ĺԡ
һûӦ͸оԼΧ£Ѫһ˿ɫ׹⡣
׹ը죬ʢĻһ㻯Ϊ˿ѰԼѪӰȫ



1374 תɣϣ
Ѫȳ͸ܰ㣬̣ΪȻһҪһΣ֪㣬ʲôĺô
;ת֮ճԪܻǧ򻯣ܹģԼκԡ
ով׹ϴ񣬱һ׹壬ȥȻżջ
ʱԪף֣ѪӰûаֿͱһ׹⣬ŨԪ֮С
Ԫ֮УҲϸ׹
Ѫ⣬ͱһž
ļУճܽâ׻档
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Ѫըѣ׹֮л̣˼ͷǼӿٶӿճԪںϡ
ԱͷѹΪȫ͸ң
ճд棬ȫ֪аѪӰΪǰһƺһһѪ֮С
ŵȫȳζԼŰƤСͷƤһһĸȥȻ˺ԼƤİ
ֿٴʹ˰Ԫ
ճ־ޱȣҲ̲סһʹ
ԼԼƤˬ
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һ˲䣬ճǰĳôһ¡
Ѫ˵ԼԪȴûϵԼǣ׹
ΪѪӰа֮ۼþҪ׻𣬾͹עһԪѪ⾫ɴȫͳ
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ǰˣͨͷȴǴһҪɵҲһʱ顣
ѪⱬͷȾ֮£һʱ֪ںδƻʵ档
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ʹʹԹԹԹأޣ޲ܻ硭
˼ΰ֮ϣճֻԼ˼άЩٶۡ
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ҪӳɽȣЮƣѪϴ£ȥ
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оѪӿԪһֱ͸С΢΢һ񣬾ͳְ⣬ܵĻƳ֡
ɫ˷ܻ֮оͳһӴӰ
һͷۣߣ̤Ŀç󺺣ŭȡ
󺺸һֳ֣Ӱ
һ˫ߣһ˽ֲ̤
ճչǣӰΧתԽתԽ죬ֱ⣬ճǲɫĤֱȥ
ܵѪɫ·΢΢һ𣬾ûڽ֮¡
ԭʣһףǿĽɫ壬ҫտտ⡣
תˣ
ճȫϲɫһУԽ֣Լնȥ
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һƤһѪɫƳ֣潦
Ƥֻ΢΢³ȥնµľзϢ·գɢĴһɾ缤ȥ
ãƷ۷ķɽѾ˲ң£Լ֪Լжǿˡ



1375 תɣ£
ճХһ𺣱ķϯ
Ԫķһ̽Ԫ澭С
ֻúһ죬Ԫӭǣǳ롣
ǣ
ҲԽԽ¥ߴ󣬲ͣ
һΣһĽͻȻŰʮ׳ִסһն£ͼһװˣ𺣲㱻նһʮɳĿհӡۡ
Ԫ񾳽編أ֮Ԫ˫ϲŰ
ճЦЦ˵ˬʡ
Ľѩ˷磬Ϊͻƹô
תʵԼƻſʵʩ
磬ˣı󷨱
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κҪ֣õһôͻӭ벻ǿ
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ЩˣǰΪ޷Ӧ
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ЩͣĴߣոմӶﷵأȥݷʦʵЩǡ
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ݳǱѾۼ˶üɼλˣδܿڵŸ֣ҲѡӣѴλͬһ򾡡
ܵλǰˣһ̱ɡ
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ţζҪ붯ʦ
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ˡ
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зǲȻҰĴ˵㣬µòࡣ
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ʱ˿̣Ӧ;˵أֶԸüɣ˵ҲǺ¡
ȶüɵĿⶼ۽ϣڻɽҲ徻
תѾɾͣʵĸΣǳȴѸͻƵԪ񾳽ȶסٰѻԪ澭Ԫ顣ˣʦҪϾһΣתһͻƣԪΪõҲ𵽼Ҫãǰ˼·ȷġ
ճ˷ܵλعԭһƮƮ忡
峤µһתֱɽȥ

ıʷ壬ͣͼ嶥ŰϾɫ
ճʱͲηûʲôС
˵Ʋڻɽڡ
ǲ֪߷ȴǺܺҡ
һչʹ
Ƕ壬ҲĲϼʦ̫Ҳûжٹ˼ɡ
ƶ䣬ʣһƬãɽϻڣȻ
ĿȥͼƷſڣһ޴ʯдƲ֡
֪ǵĿĵأͰ佣⣬Ʒ
һΪƲֻһ¼ɽ룬ûʲô̡ȴû뵽ȻһͷšҲԣôǣҲɼҸˣм̨ɵܲίԼ
֪˭ոû׳ӭǰճʧ񣬺ʵ
ճó̵ֵ壬ƣ˵ɹ״ӽΣʦɽûУҩʦأǷҲѵɽϣ
˶һۣæμԭǽʦ֣δأʦǰհʦҪȥݼѦʦ𣿡
ݼ˵Ѧɣȥҩʦá
⣡ŵɫ
ôģ𣿡
ճɨһˣɫһ



1376 ˭ǿ˭ϣ
ճɫƣŵӲҶ죬æ·
вʱܼʮλʹŮŪҩأʱʱЩŹ֣Щźɫȴֲǰѯʡ
˸߷֮ϣͨɻģ
ЩɽµԻũˣΪҾ࣬Ƿ˹˾޴ȥҵУݼ
ͷǰ·ŵ˵秵ģͦԹɫСĵÿﶼҪǱɽµȴҪǿ౶ˡ
飿ʲô֣
ճʵ
ܳĹֵСƽʫ鴫ңǰʱҲԱңͱɽСһֻϵһЩ֣徭Ҳûѧͨ͸
˵£ƽȻźȴһЩԺ
ԱλŵӣҲʮĽĿһۡ
Ҳճף䣬ֶҲҪһ㣬ǣΪ·ȥһƽ
ôҩʦյ״᲻סɽլԺѵסڴ˵ƽУһ𡭡
ɽӴֻѦʦסŴլʦƺǷ鱻˾ͽʦ֣Ҳһ
һƽʹࡰࡡ
һ˵˵˾ͽʦ֣㲻ǳ˵ʮħϰ֮;أȴѦʦִģҿ㻹ǺúõȥϸȻ޴ֵ֮꣬áƲϼʦ̫λεεŮӿɾȲ㡣
ʦҶҪѦΪͱȥ˵
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Цʮֵ⣺㿴ħҲˣ˵˭̨֪е鴫УʮħУħһ壬ݲƫġָ𹦷⣬˵аħ
ճ˼䣬ɽʲôΡ
һӣ¹֮󣬾ͽÿල쿴
Ҫԭ򣬻֮⣬ͼı
һŴ󲿷ʱ⣬Ĵѣʽύ飬ĿĲԶ
µ־õӪһΣУɳɡ
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ͬʱǲС¶˽¡
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ǣѦʱʱѰ˾ͽƽץѱһͨôԻǴʦĳͷ
ƫƫ˾ͽƽִ򲻹Ǿͱˡ
ЩƤ飬ճҲȥᣬֻҩôˡ
ƽ˵СҲܵͷɱŪʲô
һ㣬ҵҩʦãҵҪѦһġ
˵ҩ飬Լйء
ճɽѧģҲҪôһȨǿСħһԶţֵ˺ȥ
ʮɣƽ˾ͲԸǰУֻΪѵʦ棬ʦƲɣǻ顣
ճ֪±ǣѦ𷣡
ҲǿӦ˽ȥ
ĿͼһСſϣ˺һҩ߶߶ĵαŭСүɽͰúˣƫҪüŮӽύֻǴޣңվͺˡ㿴˾ͽʮҡ
Ҫʦ۾ļһƾʲôˣƾʲôң
ҩίõᡣ
ǧ𣬾ˣҲСµģҿСү̬ȴһƺĽ֮ģ㲻ҪӲܻٳһЩͷԺ󲻵ȥÿסլȥͷ̣ҩҲṩӦ㣬졣ֻе˶ѣŮ˲ڰвͷĵ㿴ô
ҿô
ճվԱߺһᣬһ˵һȻûз֡
⻰ȫ̧ͷ
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ҩ۵һʹ
𶯣ҿơ
ճüСﱻ۸òˣʱίòС
ѦӡӲˡ
ոԱ˵ƺ˵͵ձơ
ҩ
ȴһɲɲʵȡ
ȻֶΣСĸԸĹ鸽
ǺСӣҲļƵ϶ضѹﲻΪƲúܺá
Ӽճݣһŭҩʦ֣ɫͱþ̣æ¿ͷ
ճ˰֣˵ȥɣȥѦ˵Ͼȥݷ
һһ;𴦣ľͷɳ⣬վһᣬɽ϶ȥ



1377 ˭ǿ˭£
Ѧڴ̫ʦϣָŪαŵƤѩϸɲյŶϸҶ
ֻСఴţ΢΢˫ۣ̾һ
ʦôˣⶼˣɿڵģ㿴ûʲôı⡣
СүӶûгɣʲôõģѵǽûҪ𣿡
ϵСһͣһŮ˰ͷ̽˹˵
һŮʮֱ¶ڴȵĶҲһͣǿ˵һһСүҲӡ
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˵Ѧһ˿ߺޣƺʲôһ˿⣺ǰ취ȻȻԸ桭ģˣÿƿѿʳԡ
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Ժſվλºӣȴ۹۱Ǳǹģδһ㡣
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Ѧʦ֣ȥʦķһʱˡ
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ΨһŹ棬Ǿǲʦ档
˾ͽƽڴŹıԵʵʱ䲻ϲġ
Ѧһúܺá
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Ȼǿʤ
Сӱȴڵùȥÿγ֣Ҫץһץ˵Сӡ
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ɽɱЩҰħûдɱҲûгĵߣҲɵˡ
ȥԼˡ
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ҩûüشѦȾˣŭʲô˼ѲɻլԺ⣿
Ҳܴһ·ɽһΪѦøһأʦڼңͰƲԼҵˣŪģֱʦ档
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ճһ۾ͿˣѦʵҪ˵ҲǺٸԼݳǳɱһʲࡣ
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ƻ׶ˣͻԪ𣬻ɢϧ˵㡭
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תĿȥͼ֧͸ʺɫ׶׵п顣
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Ƕ֪ҲĿ˾ͽƽεıε
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ճǰȥĿ˿Ѧ˵Ҳ˵ˣŵ˵ͷЦŸʲôٻŵӺۣŴʦ֣ԺɽϵĹؾ͵ñһˡ
̫ʦϣŲ̱ѦϣˣԺӺúһ£ԺҸʦĵȥ죡
˭ǿ˭ȷܲճԼϲˣʦŹپǺð



1378 һȨ֣ϣ
һᣬԺ˽࣬һЩµӡ
ճԹһ£ԼĪʮ֮࣬ʮ굽ʮ궼У֮ˣüá
˲̫ǣЩȻúܲͷȴήҲ
˫֮УȫãȻ硣
һֲ֪δΣһһյĲС
ϧˣ
ճ̫ʦһԲɽŵӣﰵ̾ʵôӪһɡ
뵱֮еĻɽɣҪ˵ЩӣЩǿΨһǾ塣
Ҳǽǿֻ˼䡣
ôһɣҲ򸾾ӪúȻ
ò˵ۼŻǶλڵʦȴҪǿ̫ˡ
仰˵ʮλŵӣŵջɽУʵȫһ졣

˷֧ŷ˶ɹֱڵһ˵ȣҲȫȻ͡
ճ֮ϸϸЩŵӵʣʵǸոһ֮顣
ݺݵİѦ䳾ڽ£ҩСԲͬ
ǰСﻹģǻ֣̿üĶɫ
̫ʦΣ˫⡣İˣҲܿΣĵһְǻ֮˳
ճ֮УСʱ鱦һɢ˵⣬սˮӢһ㣬֥¶Ⱦס
üһһ¾˽ǧѱԴصȫڸסˡճһʱЩãȻʧ񣬲ŵ飺㿴ԴǲģܷΪã
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ĻҾˡ
ճһߵҩոԼ飬ǡ
Сɽ֮ȻȴдԵ˵ɵš
Ƕüͬ۵ʦĸҪȥ²ˣһͿԿҩǱص͹˵˲š
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޷ƽϼˣ˴̧Ժĳϰ֮βֵ
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ֻԸѧ㱾£Ժʹˣɼҵ߷ɽȥӪһЩҵһԣǡ
ȻһĬĬĹţûж¾ġ



1379 һȨ֣£
ճԹۣ֪ⲻһһϦ顣
ҪǰѦ̫ɽϵҩ﷢ţɵӵĹڣͷģǷǡ
˵ֻɽɽ֮ȴû̫˼ᡣ
۹⵹ǲϾǴɳġ
ʱæԼ飬ޡϸüŮߵüύ˺ƤĴȥѰüĻ
ʵһжΪ˵ζü
Ҫһѩǰܣ̨ΪԪʦһڶѩޡ
£Ҫ﷢չӪɣôܣ
ճҪ̯ӣŤתо棬ѴȻܴ󣬵ΪΪĳЩ⣬ֻʲô
ûа̨һҲᡣ
һʱһʱԼȻѾɣԺľ棬ȻҪƿԼС
ڿʼʱкôվ׹
ʲôλãʲô顣
ճһֱ繷
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˲ң಻ˣԼɽһ⣬ռһЩôҲӦ
Ʋչ򣬱˵ﲻ̫עǹעճҲɲ֡
¹Լ˻ãƣ²ʧ
ûǣתת֮϶սطû˺
ճҪݺĲ㹦֮ʱʾ˵ҪǧԴƶѪ
ңԤ֮Уݵ㣬ܻܿ˷
ôһԼҪǣҪץסֻȡˣһи
ӵײ߾˼ѣǹǵҩҪԼȥȥȥԶԶȲЩܻôеĴ֮ˡӣһжɱ׼ˣ츳ʲô迼ǡ
ǣɢҲɢ޵ĺôٲᱻȥ
һһӡߵʵ
ϧתʱǲƪ֮ңܼײһ㣬źԼϾӣûô˳˳ˮ顣
ճҲûһ׹Уһ뻹ա
һԭֱɵĹѵãĹ
һԭȻǣ׹ʵʮԼսܡ
ɹңճЩԶԶķŷɽŷʵȫӲԼơ
ƣһֱǽս
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ֻҪˣǸԼһεĸ֣ҲɱöԷͷ
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Զ̹͵ߣѴﵽ̫ߵľ磬һ㣬ճġ
ɹഫ˵֮УĳֲΣҷΪ൱տĻ˭ʽţ˭ǿ
˵УǾ֮ϵĽ໥Ҳһնȥһ
ţͷվⲫ
߾ԶͿԶԶ÷Ѷֽˣ˵

ЩԶˡ
Ŀǰ飬һһ
ŵſȺ˹̧ŵĵ棬ſɫҰܵ˾ͽƽ
ջ緢ģʱġຢһ࣬涼ǻ
˾ͽƽͷˮı̧լԺУʮѦֲ֪ʲôѵԼ޻㹻ĥԼ
ҲٴһΣܾܿͶˡ֪Ҿòϼʦ̫һСˣҲùƲĥʦһֱҽҵҲǹŹ֣Ѧѹңǰ;٣֮Σ
˾ͽƽ뵽ĴҲûעԱߵŵӵ˵Щʲô
ʵ̧ͷǰѾûжɡ
ףǡѦҲн죿
һȥ˾ͽƽԲ˫ۣ
ģǺСӴʱ˲ڽ£֫Ť³ѪɫҰ
ϹͷѵģȻ˵ñԼء
˳һ˫ź˿ѥȥͼһ˿˹ƺ˿˿
˺죬ƺļ˾ͽƽתͷ
˾ͽʦܣּˣջʦȥҴңû̸ܶĳһֱΪ
ճվܵλҩʦãͬʱʦ¼ǽɽĳѦѹͬţʩ֮֮ʦܵԩѾ֪İɣԺ󽫻һ
ˣ׼룬Ҫ˾ͽʦˡ
һ˻æǰҽҩӣóһн롣
СĵʵСү˾ͽܵı޴Ѿ˵ڸҪ׺תҪѿ
ҲɽˣӣԳƺͬ
ѿճ˳˵Ŀ⿴ȥȴƿ
ţ;ѪԼ١
һ¶ǣ۾ϸֱһҩͷһֱţԪҲ΢΢ƺƬָһЩ
ҩĹЧ
ԪԪ꣬õ
һƿţȻ㡣
æͷǣҶ໰˾ͽƽһ˿졣
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ĵͼҩһֱѦڷ䣬ȻҲֻһĿһ˶ˡ
ʱʱĻһ۵ŵӣ£ģµһЩ
˾ͽƽùһƿʮôࡣ
ڸһЩԪûʹѦżµܵõ˾ͽƽӰӶûֻ˵
£ճ˾ͽƽ裬롣
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˾ͽƽʮѨת䣬˸
ֻһյ蹦򣬾ͼλຢ۵һ³һںѪǴá
Ҳ˲ճлæ˹ܵҩյһҲ˷ѡ
˺һᣬ˾ͽƽվɫӵĹлʦ֡
ճͱܰѦңȻҲǿһʦֵǽеĸԸ
ÿͬʦֵܵⲻ¡ˣվ͵磬ʦһѧСнʹԪֻҪϰ͸ˣԽ£κŴɡ
ǣʦַּ˾ͽƽЦӦü֮ȴûʲôϲɫ
ճü
֪СʧˣʵһҲ̨ɵνСнʹԪ
ҲΪ׽ֻǴ·ɫ
Ͼ˶üЩӵľУԼѧȷ˱ˣȫһΡ
Ҳǵϼʦ̫Ҫüʱֵߵߵģ˼ܣϣѧһаʽ
Ҳѹʦ㲻ϣⲻǳĴ𣿡
Уӡ־ԶģӦõģ񼫡ȻܲססģĲǶòãܲǰ;ΪŶüɸзչѧ£ôҲķ
ճתͷûٶ˵ֻЦŵӻȥһǰѧ
кˣѦ̧ɽƽúˡ
СǰôԴˣԼҲһһһģĪˡ


1380 ˿루ϣ
岽Ƶ˵ɽϵ˻˭ǵͬûʲôı䡣
ֻҪˣû˿ڸ֮ⲻҪԷ
Ѿܹȷ¶ʳ̻ҲŸܵҪ
磬ʵסլԼ̵֡
ЩҪͨˡ
ܲɸˣһ쵽ɽסһţһ㣬ʲô¶Լְɡ
ȻҲôһЩеʿϰԵµӷ͡
ûɵɢޣ߻ò̫õ֮ʿ˼ǲѶˡ
˵һЩ»᲻Ӱ쵽У˵Ϊ޵ӣÿո˵飬ñȷͨ˻磬Ҳݲǡ
ƲȻ˵ӣϾǴɸ˳ϰųסլٲˡ
Ѧûѧᣬһ㵹ѧ˸ʮʮ
һӱճȥɽµƽŵסһػѹ
ճȴûж˼ȥѦ£ȻִүҰѦղȫ˳
ŮлңҲ֪ǲǱ
ǼѦңǱŵɪɪճ׶Ҳ׳Ͷϡ
֮󣬿ճɫĮǱñ˭죬Ѧ˸ɸɾ
Сүǻѿʣ¾ƿϰճɡԪʹģѦ᲻÷ã˵Ҫȵ֮ʱʹá˵ʲô֮ʱЩɣһСؿ»ѣԾ͵ö౸Щҩ
ŮһԵľͰѵҩϡϣһЩѦƷ˳ճĿɿڴ
Ȼˣʿ֮Уʹ涼Ǻܳ顣
ŮСģճҲ⡣
ͷ˭ס
ҪúãԼǿͱǿߡ
ͬݲݣԼϧҲûϧ
Щʿͨ˱·ߵʵò˶١һ̤ȥ֪Ҫ١
ԣŮԸҲǻʹȻ
ѵѦԺ鷳
뵽ճɫºһЩʵ
˿ƿԪЩϲ⡣
͵һճصҲûã˳־ĹŮûʲô츳ֻһЩ£ɽһڱʳΪŮãϧһ굹а˾Ÿ²ɽϡǾڴ˴լԺж˲ˮЩһѦ
˵úƽɫȻȻһЩᡣ
ĳֹٲֹܵ顣
ճ˵ͷ˵ԺһѭԾŮұչصʱ򣬱žǡ
ҲˣŮ˺ܾܿҪѾһ㣬ÿϴ½µ˵ࡣ
¡
ճеһſ
ż㵥һУüãȻѦӵĶ
һϢʮϤճ룬⡣
Щ֣ѵʦɽʱԣ
һذֽʼ̣ݵš
һţͼдţδɣʦϽ֮ʤڱפԸɣʤʮټ֪
ּҴͣѶƺԼд֮ìѹֵ顣
罣ѳʣããȲ֪ܷ˵УҲ֪¶Դ
ճ΢˫Ŀһ̣Ц
ϵȥ֪д˭ˡ
ûӦŽ޺ԪĴԮˡ
óȥԪ¶üɵַǷŲϼʦ̫
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ּɣϣʵǿһЩöüȡʤ
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ŷѣʵҲĵİԮȰ˵ĸ˶ȥԮ
ңżû̧ͷû֪ҪŸȥ飬ǲ뱻˷ֵġ
ԲŶдò岻
ˣǱ˵õţҲ˵Լдġ
ճѦŴţҲ϶Լʦֱʡ
ɴ˾ͿԿ⡣
һƲĵʱʱעɽŴ¡ȻĻԪɽˣƲãȻ֪ŶͲȥǳЦ
⣬Կ϶ǣƲ˶磬ϼʦ̫Ҳڶ
ﲻȷԼŸԪ¶Բдģڡ
ҲԼ֪һЩĻԲܷһˣԲ͸
ôһء
ţճк棬һš
д꾡һЩʻҲǾľּǰһˡ
дѦġ
ΪʦһĶԴȴĽü羴ᣬʦѽ֮ͨģΩñ˴δ¾䴦Ωɫʹ֪ԤжٹΪʦɽáüۣµӶӢܣУɲΪʦҪ¡νϷѣԱܽڲɡ֮սͱɽһۡ
ճӰ
ͽʦЩ֪ôʦˡ
Ҫ˵Ǻܲġ
֪ԼӲ£ʱʱĻɽһ¹֮ԴϿɵĵҲǴ󷽵úܡ
˵ͷԴֱûС
һڶüǰװСʾԼ޶⡣
Ƕ෽ƣĴȥԸüΪ˼Ҳ֪
أüЩ֪Щʲôһʱδֻŵķаۼ
ȻһԭǾһֱû˺ԷҲ̫÷
ϾʵҲǿƾϼʦ̫һ˰س֣κβá
Ǵ󶯸ɸһ֣սӣǣ̫㣬Ӱ첻á
˻ΪüˣԸͬˣ鴫ȥͳˡ



1381 ˿루£
ճǣﾹȻ˾ͽƽ¼֮ѦΡ
ϸĥһζҲˡ
Ҳ˾ͽƽҵġ
ͻСʱǲģ书һȥѡ
Ҫҫһ£Լһõӡ
縸ĸһܳɫĺӣϲǣųȥߡ
ʱСһ尢̣ȻջһӺô֮ĿޣҲĳ㡣
ﵱӦþ뷨
˾ͽƽݷòϼʦ̫֮ʱļУǫ˵Լһ㣬Ȳʦ̫Էᣬֱߵŵ
ȻЦŸ˾ͽƽ˵λʦ̫ǸˣԺҪмӣ档
ðɣǳ滰
Ϊ̨һɴϵߣЩΥĵĻ˵ô롣
Ȼϼʦ̫ЦǺǵĵ⺢һǴϻ֮ˣƶҲϲúܣȻ䡣ֻҪѧһЩʲôѧȥ
ͬʱûԼŮӳ˾ͽƽˣ
Ͼͬйͬ⡣
˾ͽƽأ
ˡ
ûµľȥѰʦ̫Ůѧ
˵˼Σȥѧüͬʱ÷ˣ
˾ͽƽǺûһ顣
ĸ˵̫ףСӲ£˵Լͼıܿһת۾ʦ̫©˿ڷ硣
ǻʲôѩʲôޣ
˾ͽƽ֪Щƣֻ뵽ԼʦԳвϼʦּ̫üԣǸ
ʦ˵ʲôûǣѧҪˡ
ǣÿ￴˾ͽƽŽҲ̫ˣŶüüŮӻһ顣
һµ÷ܣ˾ͽƽر˳ۣΪӡ
ʱỳɣλǲǰԼһԡΣ޼ζ˵˼ˡ
һԼĳλˣֶԸü飬ͽˣ㱨ϼʦ̫ô죿
ѦΪͽ֮˾ͽƽ͸Ӳӡ
ȻСҪ࣬˾±ȣ츳ûϵ˼İʦ˵üһ飬ͼȥ
Ƚ˾ͽƽͱˡ
ʱʱľʹһϢȥͳʰλͽ
ǵģѾͽ
ӵӵͽֻһ֮
˾ͽƽλʦȲԼɷԼҲʮŰʱʱ𷣣ͬˮ֮С
ǣһлᣬͰ̣뿪⴦֮ѡ
ʦͽһ˹
ϵѰ찡
ճԼĿ꣬ûô״ﵽ
Ҫ˾ͽƽģ죬Ͳܡ
ıҲܼѡ
ԭճҲ֪ġ
ҪҪ̨ȴûģҲû
Ȼһ֣ǰɣʵϱʾһ̫Ůˡ
Ԫʦǰ㣬пһ֮ܣԲŪһ㡣
ճѡ
ѧ˹ͲٹЩƨ£ֱ̨ưȥƾ˾ʧУߵܷŹҲµûշ˾ͽƽټҩٰƲԼӾӪܾ£ˣڴҲ¸ʱѹ¶üͷ˾ͻԼۡ
ճףǹ¼ҹһûи
ɱ˶üĳЩҪЩˣʵҲŽɵȥˣԼǵòһǰ㡣
ƵԼûһ˽ʣȫ׹
Ҫ֪ü֮ʱӢƵˣնɱһλǰ̾ͻǣ˳졣
Ȼ˳˳ˮһǧ
ԼȻû
ԣУ̨ɲܶúúþӪһ£ڵҪı䡣
뵽ٶȣճֲò̾Ϣ˵ĸ
һ£ĵزǾ磬һȭһò״򽫳
׵Ľף֪˼ζ򣬶˶ǿСٹ۰ټ֮ڵĳɾ͡
ǣȴˡ
һ׵ף˼ҴûֻҪһŹӾͿˡ
ûйӵĻҲԷһöҩܴﵽ۷塣
ʦ½ֻҪʱ䣬ܿԽĽ׶ΣɹԪࡣ
һУֱףʲ֮ˣֻҪ֮á
Կ
Һã֮Ϊӣûˡ
ûҪ쳤վõĴĥԪ񣬷ĻճĻ׷˼ҵٶȡ
ȻٳɵҲһЩ㣬ǾһЩĥ£սʵǿ
Ƚ̣ճǿԺ˵һ䣺ͬͬΣ˭ǵ֣
Ȼ֪ͬ罻棬Ͳ˸ƴʲôʽ͵̣˼üƷ䡣
ǻ˵Ҳÿһ˶мƷġ
ο˼еģԼҲ
һѴ£ֻҪҵС
ţճҲһЩգ޷Ƕ֢ҩѡ
Ȼǳҩ
ѿԹˣԪаֻҪһţϴ׽ǡ
Ȼֱ죬Ҳ˶١
ţ˶ָ֣ûǿʵ̨ѵõĵ֮ǰҩ
оƿճѾ;
ȻģѦǰԼã߸˻ȡһЩϺͱ
Ԫֻճһ븹ͷԪҩ֮£ֱ塣
ҩĴ̼֮£ӿ˼άƶˣңһɽС
һɴ˿ֱ̱ܿԡ
ӴľٽΪӣԻ﷨˸޷
ҩ
ճһ̾ѡ


1382 ϣ
ֻһ븹ճоԼΪһЩΪ졣
תԲ죬ת֮ÿһѾΪѣʱ˽ȻӪ㣬ι̡
ѵõǣԪԪá
ճԪڽ׶ΣҪľɺԪԪɳ
׶ΪˣһһϦ֮Ҫ쳤վõйת
ҩھ棬ûгճ⣬òǺܴ󣬵־ԪƣȴǷͬСɡ
ֻʱճԼԪΪһСΣȵϰС
ԭǼõҩﰡɵ̱ɢԽˡÿһ׶ζʺԼĵҩʡȴʱ䣬ȻҲܴˡ
ֱҩԼҲǼҪģҲøˣǸѦɫǱ
ΪҲȫȻûеԽһĵҩͼ˷ãȷƹصĹЧ
λŮ˵Ѧһֱϧ᲻÷£ҲЩ۹⡣
̨ɵʱԭһɣҵӦʮַ㣬ħɽȼƷҲ˵̫׸ȼƷҲ˵˾ˣֱ̫ܼˡ
ճ̾ϢʹļףȫȻˣ̫׸͸Լˡ
ҩǰѺ޽ǰ֮ƷɽҲ赭дҲܿԸ
ˣճ̾ԼʦԾӪȫûʲôƻһһġ
ԼĻ̨ɵļҵᱻܹ⡣
ݻҵȻһˡ
˵Сʵָʡ
ճһȻȲ˾ͽƽҩһЩţЩŵӣҪǿϲٵġ
ȻҲ̶̼Ԫ࣬ѧԪû
ȻҩҲ򵥡
ȻĳɾͣҪΪĵҩ㣬ħٳɣֻһ档
˾ͽƽûеҩԱķͻԪ澭̫ģֻһ˼ѧϰü̫࣬ʱûɡ
洫һۿĶྫ춼
Ҳҵġ
ûü֮ǰ˼ҲֻѣѪ
ԭܼ򵥣ʲôôʵ϶ҪŹϵġ
ŹűŽ˽ķȷĵ·
˾ͽƽֻ˼ѧѧķԼȴãȻ֪ʵǿһЩ
Ȼ֪һġ
ǣλߵúܣͱ£ֻһۿţңԺûָ˾ͽƽȫ
ʧ֮䣬ھ֮ˣ˭ܿ

ڶգһѵõ졣
ڶ֮ϣӳɽһƬȻơ
ƺ֪ٲͬڵľùʳȴš
ЩÿˡҩũȣƮĶ֪յʲô
֮ʱǸ彣Ⱥɽ֮ʱѦ˹
һϵʹĥֱʱ֣˯һСᡣ
ʱҲҪ

һĵʹϴ
ͲҰ׵ɫɫ
ѦȫԹߵĹâ˼ڣ޵ʦҪСԶҲ벻ʦʲôҪ󻢡ǣ
˺һᣬµŵ˽
齹ǣɫЩ
ŵӶ䳡ѧȥˣԼ˱ѦסĻк£
´ĵѦʦ֣ܣúһͻתģǹһɡ
ѦźۣޱĶˣֱ˵ͷȥƽΣҩûٸɡ
´ǰǰԹѦҲȽλҲû̫СѿǸһЩҲ̹һЩ
´ֱӳƺԼѦʦ֣ͻȻһ˿
ǽСү
ѵҲ׼ͶСˡ
Ѧʦ֣Ҳ֪λʦʵǿѵýչҲһЩ·ɫǰŪҵȡǶɽԻɽҲиǰ;ܲܿŻԵ֣ôɡ
´ϿңΡ
Ҳ֪ôЩصǣǰλѦʦʵȨԼȻҲһЩôҪ˵壬̸ж١
ѦʦˣѿӦܲԪջָ
´صĴӻͳ׵裬Լϡ
Ҳҧҧҩ裬˵һԲˣѦʦ֡
ҲѦҪһ˳ƽһ
æϼ׷ڵӣһ۵Ľ䣬Ⱥš

ճʱ򣬼ʮȫ룬ﵹ˼ϲ⡣
±˵ʲУµʵ־
˶ùҹȫûϽģҲ̸̸Ϸչ
ʦʦãضѾѧСƪнǱŵºʹӦöԼĵáЩҪսʹͷʼϥã񡣡
ճȻɸ̨ɳȻڴèСèֻ
Ҫ࣬ƽʵҲ̫͡
ˣܻˣָЩ˽һЩȥɽһЩ
ߣɽһЩ飬úôһ˵̨
ͽûʲôرģֻǽʱ
Щŵѧûָġ
ʲôĵطֻȥ˾ͽƽѦ
ûʸȥ̡
£ѧΣͿ֪ˡ
˵һ֪ⶼ̧ǡ
ճԼԽ⣬ص֪˽ȥ
Ԫˮһڴʯƺ֮ϣסÿһӡ
ЩճԪԳƵϸĪ⣬һ֮ףǳþ֮С
ôճ֪Լǰȴѧ˺ܶСš
ʱĴģ죬һԵĴȥõġ
ҪһһʽְֵĽ̵
Ȼڱĳ£
ǶԷⲻϣѧϰ˼ǿң˵û
Ľ⣬ʮλȫߵ
Ϊʮλ
ʮλŵӣҩҲüΪרģϸüţƺġ
ŮҺ˵ʲ̫ãҪѧǰҲ뵽Ѧ
ʱûᣬҲ²ĸ˹ճҲǡ
ѧϰ˶࣬ȫ
ճһ˾ͽƽüλȴЩĲɡ
Ҳѹ̨֣ǰѾѧˡԽģʱͲʲôҪ
һ˶üɾ֮ʵ̫ԼҵĽ
ɫ£ȴЩɺֻ˷ʱ䡣
ֻλʦֲѦҰԼκã˾ͽƽһЩη͸м
ʱҲöʲôֻװģţƺûʲô
ճҡͷ֪λгɼҲɵ
ӻء
Ҫ˶ãͻᷢԼж



1383 £
ľճվ⽣нʽϸϸʾ
ǰ⴫У󲿷ﶼǻȻʣƺһء
ˣÿһöѿշ֮󣬾ڼиսʽˮʽ
˵Ůµ裬ҲȥЩ˵ķд֮ԣ¡
ҩտջ񣿡ճҩһû뿪Цʵ
Сľͷ˵ҩûʲô·ʱӢ̣Ϣǿ
ճΪ޿ʱȥȻ죬ؾҪǿ
ټϰ̨شʵսǲ
ʦ֣кһˣ֮ʱܸоﲻԡҩɵ
ŶкһɻԪʱҲ׳ҿ
ճһ㶡
һ·ݳǵɽûָŮĽҲΪ˽⡣
ѲɸղĽ˺ܴ
ãʦָ̡
ҩȻһЦǴһ˿Ƥ
ʲôɻ벻⣬Լ
ճһȥˡ
ԴմѦҩС̬Ѿȫͬû˳İѹֺͱȫһá
ŷɵСľˣҲԱ仯
һϮСｿŻӽʱʱˮʱɽʱ仯֮䣬ƺĳĶ
ԣ
ճ棬벻ΪüɶҪĵԴδĥıʯһų˶Ŀ
СԽԽ죬ֻǰе֪һܣк޽糤ֱһ㡣
Ųα仯С
Ǳ׳ͬǰɽʱһּµѹֻҪԼһ㣬Ҫɳѹѹñ
һߡ
ҩԽԽǻ߳һͳһ⣬ϸӰһ˻ȸ
ճĽƣһ壬ѿһ
Ʈ뿪ԭأսʣЦϲҩʦãѾһֻ֮ҪУ˵ˡ
һʦ˵츳ˣҲʱҡҡ
оոһĺҩ״Ρ
ˣʦ˵Ҳû˵ȷҪ꣬ɲһʦιУһͷҲܱš
Ǳ
ҩһۣôԼġ
ҲԼͷϲãһȻ
ǰҲûճ˵Ǽٻ
СȻ˼ȴϸ壬Ͳλʦֺء
һηֱպֻöԷϢĪʦࡣ
ʦ֣ʵжǿһˣҩʵ
£
ܴܲӮǼλüӰɽգСĲԻɽϼʦ̫λŮӵǿһ䡣
ٲ£
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ҩһ¾Ϳת̵𽣷
ոһϳ˽ǼʱôҲҲ
ͣһ°ɣҩˣȰΪһЩҾ԰ѻԪ뽣֮С
š
ҩӹɫĵҩһ£㶼ûɡ
ͻȻɫһ䣬ʮָӣԪ
֪õ٣ɣ˷ҩ
ճߴٵ
ҩ˫΢΢ʪһۣû˵ʲôһܽᣬ˷š
ǸӦǿҩ׼ȫҲ֪һᡣ
СǶƸаճҡҡͷҩԪ֮󣬾ܲһ̰塣
ʱ䲻ô֣ҲЩü̫Զ
ȫԪͽݼˡ
̶ʱ֮䣬߹ƽ߹·ֻ̣Ҫʵս־ܸϣ˭ˡ
ʦ󲻵ɡ
뵽ǷҩĽܿҪ۾ճЩ⡣
ԭҩöüʵ㲻̫á
ȻǱûѾ·
ܺ⡣
ճһɱ֮ͨûоСɽ壬;ȲؾӢۡ
ҩȻɰ£ѹͬʱĵһŴ̡
ʱȻ룬˺ƲˡԼʦʵ̫סм㱻Ѧ
ңﳣߣͽ̫̽ģʵϵûУüԶ
ҲǺʦĸʦͽͽܣҩһԵߵԭڡ
Ȼʦĸ˵ɱؾǾǴܲˣǹ֮ߡ
˵ģҲ⣬ͽܵжô׾ٵĴˡ
ԭ֮УҩҲһˡ
ӦʱʱţΪﲻ֣ĸס
ѵüǰ㣬ҪͽܣͰѶԷչ˵ü

գճŵӽ
һŮӽʽ̥ǳΪɽʿɽȴãȻ֪
ƱĸӰʧƶˣ÷̾˿Щã
ͻȻ̾Ľʦðɽȥа潻֣ʱ֪жôأ
Цʦˣҿ㲻ĽƣĽáһģƽСӺõͣʱƭ˭ѽ㣿
ʦ㣡
÷ȭͷĴʦ£ִͷɥҾĽʦ־ǸʦԵ˶˵ѹ˳ˮۣԵȻ·һЩҲ˴ţʦǲţ㿴Ͳôʦ֣һɣ
ǺðҲѧɣҪˣȥ
ȻҿҪֱɵģɢɡɽλҵյ㡣
÷Ȼ
־ȻЦţԼλʦõЩ
ǰڣôöɵġԽߣǵԽء
÷֮Ի뷨Ӧ³ȥ֮ʱܵ˴̼
һ˴ʦԼȴǱһڶУ¿һЩδ顣
ˣ˾ͽƽǼһжûйˣѵ˵Ʋλɹʲô
üһʦϼʦ̫˵顣
ߣȥƣаƼѱҲ뷨˾ͽƽ֪ˡ


1384 ɽ۽ϣ
ճڵ⴦һЩӳ齣ʣ
ƺХֻһʱ
ƽ޷ʱ䶼ֻһ͵͵ţҲ֪벻ԡ
ʱ˿̣ߴÿһ仰ֱ顣
ЩһֱԱ߿Լָнˣĸطתʧһʱ飬
ֻǵĳһо˶˸о
˾ͽƽλһֱˮģԪĳ֮£ҲǶһ˿
Ŀƺڵ轣ﰵɡ
ʦȷŶ֮ӡе̨ȫѵĿŽ
ģüнͻԪȻԵʮִªʧ֮ɡ٣ҿʮַȥкһ
뵽ְ£ԼǰݽƲǰ˶üɣҲʦֵһϰΪǣ񲻺ùڴ˴˷ʱ䡣
˾ͽƽҲȥֻһЩûȥˣλʦ㶨Ȼ֡
ϴʦ̫˵ҪһĽʤһġ
ǲǼĽ
˾ͽƽ̾ţһֱèһ㣬Щסˣų뿪
ʱһλս֣ͣʵʴʦ֣׽Ȼֻü飬˰ͨǿ׳ڽжȻܵУʦиʲ֪
һǳ֮˱Ҿ֣һ˹ɣͻȻ
ԭƽ˴ʦʱʻҲ
ȫۼžһǧʦֽ֮ͻֻһգǰ꣬öҪһЩ
˶֪ɼǴδ֮
˵Ÿڵӣһ㶼ֻҪýԣʹǳֶΣǿ׳ǾС
Ϊһ֮󣬻תΪɽ֮
ʱͻѰһߣ֮죬Ҳܰٲնͷ
һЩӱȽϱۣţ˵ɥ÷佣˼ЩɽҲһжֵܵ
Ȼ˵жôҲǲá
⻰ﶼȻɻȴ̫ÿѯʽĴʦ֣¶ԷΪԼ¤̰Ĳ㡣
ʱƽڣȫ۾һ֪Ҫʳ˴ҵˣٿȥһЩ
ճҲЦʦлͽû̫ɻ䡣ʱʵˣպſɿٽ֮ѧҵ˼
ʴʦ֣Ƚǰ㣬ÿһÿһʽȥֱĵνҪķʱ⡣ҲܶԸɽЩòʧ˰ɣ
ƽг֪ĿʵýС
˲ǰʫ鴫ңǰ֮ԸɽҲԸżӲúܡ
˵úΪ˸ֱ˵òǲʱˡ
ʻ˶ĵһѺĵⲻǵֱɽʦֵΪǵӳëˡ
ҩȾͲˣһƽڸв֪ѧ֪Լռ˶ˣס
ճֹͨСЦŵʾ˵ҲûʲôãشҶ뷨ɡʵ˾ͽƽ˵ƲѦʮħ֮⣬Ҳʦ״Ҳǻġ
˾ͽƽһ㶣֪ô˵˵žͳԼϣɻ˵ֶΣСܹǳȴԶԶȲʦˡ
Ǿǻᣡճ䣬Ц⡣
תͷֿҩʦãЩڣкһԪҲ˸⣬ϳʦˡ̶һʱ䣬˾磬һŶΪ֪ûĽ֮λʦʾ
ã
ҩӦ˵̫ףճġ
СظһͦǰһԵ˾ͽƽ˾ͽʦ֣Сòţʦ֮ͽ̡
ң
˾ͽƽָָԼıӣԿ˿˶һ죬Բţʵʦãҿ˵㱻ʦ²ʮ첻ǰҲֻѧһǳֶΣҪҳ
ʲôһ㶼ˬʱҸʦѧԽһЩĵãֻܳ־ˡˣǵҪ֮ҿŶû鸡нӦò̫ãִԹˣֵʽɡ
Сž˵һͨ
˵Щλʦֵġ
һգѦ̫ңƵ¾ʹ
Ȼ޴һϢ⵹Ҳˡ
ȴʦ̵ֽȫ˶һ˰Ѻĵ¿ηˣ⡣
Եǿϴʦڽ
ǱʵҲˣԸ԰⡣
ʵУֲѧͲˣ۸ϡ
˾ͽƽûʲôɼ˷ѴʦһƬģãʱûסֱڿ˵˳
˾ͽƽҩһ֮ʣɫһ±ͨ졣
ճҩδɽ֮ǰһֱ״ΪȻ಻ҲֻΪʦƫģѦҩڹԼ̫࣬ս֮
ңΪѦϰʮħϵħ󷨣ƻ׶ֲķһɾѾ£޶ǰ̿ԡ
ʱʱ򲻹ֻһ꣬ǺСӸԼЬ䡣
͵һЩü֮͸ˣȻһֱü˳ۣȥûʲôƢ֮Ű
һգҪ˹Ŀ࿴һվߴЩҡӹҵȫݷڵء
ﷺЩͷʱ뵽ĴѦԼˡ
ӿˮһ߳ĺӾǿ
۱ôԱеģű޷Ľ
ʮӶʮ¿ơ
ðɣ˾ͽƽʱſ͸һеĲĳŷ
ڱ˲֪ʱѴ÷ѧĶüþ졣
ңÿҹֻ˯ʱͨ顣
ǰѾۿõõӦ֣硣
Ϊ͵͵ڿü˲֪ȴ֪ʱɽ壬ֹϮԼҴӵΪȫѾȫʧ
ֻһǻѪˮ
ˣﻹкùӳԣ



1385 ɽ۽£
˾ͽƽվһ䳤С
ûһ֮ҲûеԪʱܰѽڡ
ǣΪҹĽͨһ㣬ֱԾС
ʮ㡣
Ȼʦ뿴ҵĽǿҪСˡɽ֮ȽϷ׽ͬҲѵֵǳŲסˣ
ڵ⻰
ʶ˾ͽƽվã֪λʦѾˡ
ʱֻҪֺƽ˵֤Ѿѹֲסͷķŭ
ֻΪѹֵ̫ã¶ˡ
ҩָֻһΣಡһ죬ƤĽ˳ȥڵϡ
ֱչ߳бָ棬˵˾ͽʦְ֣ɣʱˣһſǵнôӦɽ֮أ
˼ƺҪƽ
ڵȫĿɿڴĲš
֪ΪΣλʮģСʦ㣬ۣҲֻ̬ϽͶ֡
һ֣η塣
ãʦÿˣһаɽϼ
˾ͽƽɫһɫ࣬Ҳ֪ǽӳգǱá
һŵСӣҲҿԼܴˡ
ĸҩһѵҲ˲ճԣ־һжü
ֻһɫͬϼƮֻһ֣ѾԽ߰ɾ롣
ڿٲ⡭
ӳͬʱһֱַ֮ĵף˾ôӽԵֵһĽ⡣
ͽ
վڵڣ߳һ
뻨󿪴ý⣬һĲľ㣬ȴûа͵顣
ֻǿ˾ͽƽ̳һ߳ŭ
˴ǰȥ붾߳¶ԸüɶϣҲʮ뵽һ·֡
ȴûϵߴʱĹؼʱ̣ѲֻǺ˵ԼѾϷħʦǰȥġ
ԶҪ͹һŮ˵ı֮ġ
ò׿ᣬܸü°ӣþƾ
Լȹ䵱Ůͽʯ飬䵱ɸҲڶࡣ
ֻҪ붯һ͵һȺ
ˣּ̱С
˱գУﶼоЩˡ
ʱԼµӣûüٽ̵
ѵõʣ̨ĸǻԪڣ֪жˣʦǲ𰡣Уûȥһˡ
һһһתͻƲ
ȥ±ϼʦ̫Լ٣ҲıܷӦ
ûϵһصƲͷɽϵһˡ
ԼмӵĵѦͽܴˣңλµӻŵӶһ𣬺귨Ūøѧһ㡣
֮£ôơ
ŭĵλ̫Ϊˡ
ҲԼǰûнʱŪһ̯Ȼѵһ㻹һأ
һʦļӡ
뵽ճڴµĸͺ֮ͷһ룬Ǻúøһ֪ɵĴ˲ͨˣҪһЩšȻĻԴҲ̲ٸ֣ȴǰ׷ѹˡ
֮£ﻹûǲֱӴճڿΣͼҩս˾ͽƽȻ֣Ȼó˶ü
ʱһѪû³ˣɫס
Ϣŭܻб䡣ԱһŮЦ˵
Ůࡣ
һֱסڹɽЩıʣҲ֪
ΪþˣҩһЩܾСʱ仯̫󣬺ܿŵơ
Ļû£о˱仯
˾ͽƽһаɽϼ޶ˣƮնȥ
˶Ϊҩ޿ɵֵʱ򣬾ͼԭһɽ
޺콣
Уҩг⣬Ѹײڶٶȣֱ翼ɫ⡣
ۡ
ɫһ٣бɳȥ
ǻ콣âȴǵˣֻһͻǰɡ
콣ʱһ䣬ͻΪһˮɫ糤һϯ˾ͽƽǰն
һεСӰƮ潣ߣӰˡ
üб˫۷Ź⣬һһ֮䣬ƺ˹
ô᣿
˴棬ȫ
ִĽʽȻɼ˶Լ۾
˾ͽƽҲǴ⣬ȴǸߣոһֻ˵ˣ˧ﻹһЩ档
ΪԷ̫ǳôҲסԼľδõʮ㡣
ʱһƵоϻġ
һٽһС
ɫѾػҩ죬һ͡ˡֻǧֻš
ǰһͼ˾ͽƽ߳ɽľ
֮͸ɭ
÷ϴùɽ롭
ƽ̾
˶
һ÷ƲѦڽǣִ֮¶÷óһнѦޣñɹغ«ǰ
ԺƲӿüŮӳ֣ǶߣѦҲˡ
ɫ޹ͬʱȴҲ޷롣
ʱ˿̣˾ͽƽóüͳɽ룬ȫҡͷ̾ϢĵСʦ㶨Ȼˡ
վ̴ֶԼãҲȲɼҽ
뵽־ɥ
ʵҩһ߳
ˮһ䣬ͱأͬɽ㵹һ㣬¡¡ѹ
ӰɽΣɺһѹͱɢҡ
˾ͽƽɫһ䣬оۿƥָӲ顣
æʹȱУͻȻһʹͷԡˡһЩΡ
ɫⱻһɾһԣѾɢûӦ䣬͸оһ̹ǡ
һɭ佣ͣԼʺ

˾ͽƽľԺһƬհס
ҩɵɫҲٿأϡ
ǰ棬һʱʧȥ˼ɥ
СϵĵЦݣʹ顣


1386 ˭ϣ
ʯƺھڵȫס
ҩӮ˾ͿˣҪýһֱָ˾ͽʦ֣ӡλʦܿ𣿡
վ˵ǽɼҽô˵⽣޷Ǿѡ֮һģʲô֣֮
ҩʦʮ죬˾ͽƽѳ꣬õĻĶüǿ֪ΪʲôӮ
ν棬޷Լ̣֮֮ٿأŵ䣬⶯Զ̹УִҲǾȱ㣬ϣҪǿϲ١
Ƚ֮ʱȵľǾʶٶԼɵĸߵͣҩʦϰ̨ԪһҪǿһЩѴһɼƵĵز˾ͽƽȻǶ֡
ԭˣոСʦ۽ɱ˾ͽʦҪҲҪǿһЩһܲס˸ɸɾ
ǰ￴ɼǽ޷ǾͿ˭ٶȿ졢ǿֻҪ뻯;ͬ飬Ҳûиߵ֮֡
ڵһʱĪ˭Ҳ˲į˾ͽƽ
˷ܽе㿴ˣǵ̨ǿüҲǰ㲻֮ҪǿһҪ֪ҩʦֻʮ죬˾ͽʦ֮á
԰Ҳˡ

ǺǣֻӮ˾ͽƽѣĽʤʲô˲̨ɽôܱȵҶüԪԪϾѧ
䣬ͻȻһЦ
תͷȥͼһ£һŰŮ
ոҩ˾ͽƽȽҿԣԱ߶ˣûз֡
ΪƲʯƺƿƽڵϰ䣬Ҳѡڴ˴
ճټڵӣѡڣԭ±ֳ
÷
ôˣҳӡҫһռ˱ȥ
ǰһĻȽƲڵһЩġ
Ůٲǰ˱ľǶһЩŭ
˵ŰĽŮӣʱȴɫ࣬üɷ
б˾ͽƽһۣʧƲЦ
λСã㲢ûӮ˶ü˾ͽƽĽ͵ѧģɰͰˮʤһаʽҲ㲻ʲô
˾ͽƽɫɷףλ˻ΣһͷԵ
ֻиں죺ʦ͵ѧ˽𣿶ѧü
۹ȫ৵Ŀ˹ȥһʱ֮䣬˾ͽƽо޵ݣⲻˡ
÷Цŵ̨ȽҸʦԭ죬ͶüͲˡĩԪҶüĲЦ
âһһƱ̹ǰңңָճЦλʦֵƺԽһףԳִͽһСÿ۽硣
һһݡ
֪λüŮŶԷһٳɽЩľ
ŶԷĽʿǵ춨Ԫ
Ԫ˾ͽƽĽ֪Ҫǿ϶١
Ȼнʱ
÷ɣ˵ϼʦ̫λŮͽǽǿ˲Ȼʮ㰡ҩȻüʦҪʶһ̨ȥָָ㡣
ճЦö֡
£ʵǼ÷ġ
ʱԷһڶ絹ڵأûԼҲûע⵽ԼƵıƴʱʮ㣬ҲѰ
ҩ˾ͽƽӮʤʮʱ˷ǰλʦ㣬ʦֽ̫ǿսġЩʱ̽˺ܴ磬СһĽУ˾ͽƽǿ
Сʶһ±ɽǶԽߵʱ򣬺޲ö༸ŶԽʱ˵úϣ䷢ģҲûм˼
ǣͬĻҪ˭˵
ĳޣ˵Ȼòмӣոʮҩ˻ˡ
÷һֱĸܵס´ŭû뵽̨ɵȫ֪֮ߵغѹʦ˵ʦĲͽܡ
ǰɫУǹעٿһҩ֮ѧޣķԪԪԪǬʦȳְɣĻᶼûС
˵֮ʱ÷ʮ㡣
ԷֻһѧõСʵʤ֮䡣
Ҫսǰ꣬ȴ֪ΪΣɵҳơ
ҲգȻԼʦó֣ͱҴͷ޹⣬ʱ㻹ôҫ̨
ҩȴһҲ÷˵ĻֻշԪ֮ʦִµĻԪһ
кһԪ˫˺ϡ
ʦ㣬СˣԪʽкһɴúܡ䣬Сɫâתһն˳ȥ
ǼǵճĽ̵һкһһһɫ⣬÷նȥ
𴦣Ԫսڵæ˿
ֻۣȻվסš
÷һĵˡ
ǰһԿҩ˾ͽƽ֣ܿóһһʽɾ
ʱȴһֻãĸо
ɫâƣлıңˮͣĺءľ
һ˳ٶ죬ʯ콵ǿ񱩣˿
һĽ
÷һɫ⻯ֻ̣һ͵ҩǰ
սһġ
ܿóĽҲɽ룬ɽϼӰӡ
Ӱ𴦣ͿɽӰӣֻŽƷХ֮
˵ͷ֪ԼʦöԪԪ⻹Ǻ̵ġһĽĶ
һ֧ɽԽ˵ܣӾܲ׽õȻҲСܶԸġ
ܿܣһסҪ
ո룬߾ñһ
ɴ۾ȥͼʦ÷ʱ潣ߣɱ
ƮƮ֮У˺ˮ
ˣСôסģ
˼⡣
֣÷ƽΪӦֵľУʱȹһԲ֮ϣͶ޹
СһǻӳɫӰһ˷ն̲֣δ
÷ĽĸᱻԷһء
˫һɫ͹⻪ɢңЩͣ
ҩˣתԪһɡ
ճ˸Ƿߴٵ
ףҩ츳
ۼǣСʵǼãӢҪ
Ȳ϶÷
ǣҩ̫ǿˣ⣬һͨ


1387 ˭£
ճ磬ϰ֮ڶ࣬δֺὣĽ֡
ҩ٣ԿԵ㣬ԾͳԱ˭Ҳ᲻ߡֻҪٶ̫ƹؼѵĶ̰壬һԱ󽫰
һԪ
ҩճ߳һ
ɫͻȻһ䣬ͱûɣ͸ŹӲɣ
һ¡¡նֱɳ̡
ڻԪϢ֮УŲʹҫĿһն䣬ưıɫ⣬Ȼ˺ѡ
һ죬ͼɫɽʧ鶯õɶ
÷Էն긡ɫò԰ס
μٷˣΨһͷؾָűɫɽɴ̻ҪΧκԡ
˶ܿóĽһûȵ̵ҩǰԷѾն䡣
ǻһ׷նɽƺѡ
Ȼ޿ɵֵİơ
ִ١
˭Ҳû뵽
ոտȥռϷһ÷ͻأľͱ˷ɽҩһǱվ
ɫһԾѩ⡰ݡĳ֣Ҫŵֵȴһ
ۼǻɽâ͵£ҩԼĽ֮Уƺֲ÷ҲҪ˵ʱ򣬰վһȣݵʦ㡣
â֣ڰգһһâתŻΪȦŻɫâȥ
Ϻ˫һͷ裬üĿʮģ꣬ʱŭĿԲɣָӽݺݵն䡣
ߣһҲ
һϮüĿݣüͷɳ⣬÷ǰ
á
뾪
ҩռϷ磬ɽһʮᣬ÷ķɽԷǰۼþҪȡʤ
ϰշˣǴͷ꣬ɽ
ֱǿ֮ĩĻɽһɢǺͣЪķն
ڴʱ÷ıɫ⣬Ҳѵҩƣǽɱ
ǰطΧκԵĹС
ת˲֮䣬ҩСﷴΣ֡
û뵽ֶһǼɽһʱؽЩֽš
ֱʣ÷û뵽û뵽ս
ߣüҪԶ𣿡
˾ոճڣһߡ
Ӱ˸ҩǰһӰ
˫ʮָתӰǰΡ
âУͼɫϺ˫ɫâһţǵ˳ȥ
۽⣬ƺƼǼɽָûĽҲû˿
һȴһֱŵĽʦ֣֪ʱѾվվ˳С
ҵ֥
һŭ
Щӣʮܡ
Ϊ±˴ˣȻκˣȴǶ棬ĸѵһ
ѹǣ֪ʲôԭ÷ЫȻ
ʮʹࡣ
գòĸ״ԧ󣬸о³ġ
ȥɽ÷ױҲӵչʾһԼǿ
ܾΪ˴ˣԲƲۣԾ취
ϣȴͬˡ
һλĻĽǲ֪Ӻ֡
һֱྴЦݺͰǲ̸ˡ
һͷԣԶݶܡ
ͬһɢɢģû뵽һɽͿ
÷ıɫ⣬һ۾ϳˡ
˸߲ҵͼ÷ѱ˻ܣΣյС
⻹ˣ
ŭɶ־ԧɱС
ҩԪһ÷ǵƲˣ˫ǰն
ʱû˲˵뷨ֻ÷
ǣʱǰӰһԼ˫ѱɣɢ
ͷԱ÷Σϸһȴȥ֥ɵĳҡ
ŭ𣬶򵨱
һŭţһԧҪٴγ֡
Ҷ֣
ճŭˡ
һӰʵãԽ߰ɾ룬͵ǰžžȥ
ֱðǣεɶǶѪ
ôң
ң÷һʹ±ƣɫ⡰ಡһճ˹

ճһƣο缲磬ŲƮֱй
ӳ֮ʱ÷Զȵֱֱѵ˶Էࡣ
һȵ÷ҲǷտž
ʦã
ʦܡ
˴󾪣ëȻľͷųɽ
ոճ֣ͼǰһҫĿѩͬһ̵ǰɽոշųͱնó𣬶ϵ
ƺһͷʹĵˡ
ҵƲԶ٣Žˣûʹλʦ֣
ճսʣֶЦ
üȫȻһξҲ˵ˡ
ѱˣףʱȻκģվվȣһʱ֪ش
ʦ֣
ҩǰסճ½ǣ
ոʱ֣÷˼йЩֽţӦʧ룬ʱʮְա
ҩúܺá
ճοһһЩüôĶ֣ʮ֮ǰʲô⾰㻹ʲôģ
ҩͷ룬Ц
˰Ѷλü̸Ц˴н
ճͷ˿÷ˣüͷ΢壬о⼸Щ̫ôǱûж٣ȴһԸԴǺܿЦɣƲӭǡ
ÿСѾôģ
ͻȻһŮհƷ೤ľ޴Х˻ֱճ
ͷҫĿȴһֻµư˹
ưһ룬ں¡¡֮Уʯƺ˶پԨ֫
ϼʦ̫
ճͷһ˭
ɽƲȻŪھ˭
λóֹģһֱʦĶüˣʦаٻɽĲϼʦ̫
ճһ䣬ִԽϣɽ⣬һ͵Ϣ͸˳
üһʱգתԪҲûһƴ֮
ҪƲΣ˭Ȼʦ̫Ī
Ҳȥһ쵽Ʋǲɹҵһ˿չͱĻᡣ
ԣһλעǶ֣Ƕѹ磬ѹ磬û̫Эء
һƺȻѹ£ճһͻȻһƬ
ʯƺա磬ȫʧ
оһƬɴ׹
ǿӴľ޴ȻһͣµҲס
ֻһЦ𣺡ʦ̫䣬αҼͽеĵطڴˡ
ºͣȻȴ͸ϲãһ˿ǿӲ
һ˭ˡ


1388 ӣӲӣϣ
ŨתоͳһŶƵۣ͹ĸŮڣһɴ۱˵泩
Ȼ泩Լͽ¶˴棬ѶüڵӴòҪҪģԱѾõ˵Ѿþúþδˬ
ܱסɫЦѾˡ
ǣڳˣüļλŮӣȫܿóʱȴβסЦݡ
Ҳ
ʡ
ϼʦ̫ȻҲġ
Գľ޴ħɽһ类סĴһ㡣
ƾǲô
ôüһɫûջŭѣ״˵Сӣ
ʦ̫ԲӣС֮以д裬ʤҲãҲգûذɣ
ɫӲЩ²̨ˡ
Цµӱװ״˲ɣƢңȴǸͷѿࡣ
һ䣬ǰ˫âһɡ
շ࣬طϼҪ˺Ƥ
һʱͻȻ֣ȻƳ˳֮ԶϹ뵼䣬üʣŭѶң
ȴ֣Ȼ֣ȴԭһС
νǿʢʵǿռӣϼʵĿȴȻԼµͽܡ
ɫӰͬӰһ㣬ڰһš
ٴγʱȴǱܹأճǰ
𴦣һֻѾЮľճ˹
һƷɽ
õƴɽԪסܿռ䣬˶ܡ
ģһУɲ͵伸ݵ顣
ʦֺܻܿᱻȵʡ
ҪԼͽܵ˳һˡ
ǰճ˼ˣôҲôǲϧ﷭
һڳ˶ûзӦ
ȴճ
ﻹδ֮ǰѾ׼ָϼʦ̫һ¶üһ˵ֶΡ
ȵֹﻹЩϧһ´򲻳ˣҲû̫ź
ոշ͸оͬ߶סһ㣬ȫһ
ȻøͲֵĴ㣬ŹĿȴԼ
ݺ顣
ǰҵ˰ɣ
ճɿվţĮĿųƣƺûзӦ
ȴеĿһĨЦݡ
޷Ķʦκ׵ľͳһأϷ㲨⣬âۡ
籬ĹĦԭһ
һȭ
һȭף󷢶
ȭŲķâȻ֮ʱ˺һ
ֻܿȫߣܱð
ĿҲȭâıסҲƲ
һȭԪҲˡ
ꡭ
ƷХȭףˡһ졣
ݺоһĹͷ
ûüȣͼòϼʦ̫һ㵹ɶ
ǿµֱ۴ʱѾɹ컡ȣҰϽ˸Ǳײһݡ
ֹסΣһȭɡ
ʦ÷˾һ
ǿ˾ͽƽɴ˫ۣͲſ龰⻹ǻɷӰʦ̫
⻹ûꡣ
ճһȭһЦʦ̫αߵôҲһ
һڣճһȣը޴ʯӳ
Ӱ㼤գϳǰն
з˺ѷε죬ǰһӣâƽռ䴦飬ڶһȦȦĺɫѿŲϼʦ̫ȥ
ǽ
ϼʦ̫ոֹסΣͬһ㣬һ
ǰһͳһӴ̨񣬵ڽ֮ǰ
̨Ӱ𣬱ճһնƮҡۿҪ
ϼʦ̫۵³һѪµĿճһۣҪ˵ɫ䣬е㡭
û˵꣬Ӱ⣬һӰۣԶӶݡ
ԭسɫϼüﵹɫӰһͳ׷÷ȥ
۸ͽܣϼһ̫ˡ
ۼճܿɫ֮ϣѪ䡣
ñһȭֱۣһʱǱħɽմһˬ
ѹ滰˵һ䣬ͻӶݣӵڴ˴ɡ

뵽ɱϼʦ̫ĺճһ⣬æ캰ʦ׷ˣ



1389 ӣӲӣ£
ƲԼҲĲϼʦ̫˭Ҳ˵ʲôԡ׷壬õɱԷӿĴˡ
ŲŽոɱͳһѰ
ᣬ塢ʦ̫üɶϵˡ
ʮԪԪ񾳽ĸ󣬾²£
ȻӵĻʵ׷ϵġ
Ҳɽͬĸִԭʡ
ΪֻҪһӣռȻ׷˾׷ߣҲѵ֡
УϵֻɽκԪء
ӵĻһ֮䣬ͳȥ֮ңҪзЩѣοסԷ
Ҳֻ׷ȥʮǰٿӰӣͣ
ʵϣһճкѻع֪׷á
׷ϵҲˣ׷ˣѰ졣
ЩѰ죬ʯƺϵĸüӶЩѰ졣
µһɨȥ
÷˼ˣʱҲûǰžˣճĿǶྪ塣
÷żŵ棬ҪɽȥȻˡ
÷ˣݺݵĶճŭ۾Ҫð
ԼʦѪ֣ħ̵ѪĶӡ
ˡ
ߣ
üһ߳ɣ´βҪƲ£򡭡
ĻҲ˵ˡ
𴦣ĸüӱɽµȥڰɽϣ˼
һ仰Ҳ˵æٳɽȥ
Ƿȴɽȥˡ

ﳤһǰճЦ۾ܺãᱻϸ첲һλȥ֮󣬿»ö¼Ѫ
һ˵ŻһЦֱȫûʦӡ
Ŀⶼֱˡ
Цһ֮ʲôҩС֣ǵ̾ҩʦż죬ͰѽһΪҲɹˡѵðѵãʣΪʦǵ͹ࡣ
ҩͷ˼˵Ǵʦ̵ֽзҷ˵ҩ
ҩԪɣһӦ֪ԼµλŮͽʲôҩ
ɫŹֵĿճһۣƺ˵ҩ·һȴû
룬һһµ͸ƿЦʦֵǻ㡣ʦҲСһƿԪ֮󣬿ԪΪ´ټüӣóɼţҲɴܡ
⡭
ҩС죬תͷճһۣ˼ӡ
ģʦһݣŰɡ
ﲻˣųż찡Сͽܾͱϴˣ˭ʦ
ллʦ
˵СЦеĽ˹뻳С۹⣬࣬һЩİ롣
ƿ峺͸޺ĵʮۣ˶÷žſš
Ԫ˵һž˵ɹΪٽ
ڳ˼ҩСһӾ͵õһƿֱĽÿ̿ˮǶϵⵤҩġ
ʱѦ˼öһֱ᲻óԣʱʱĻóڵǰױ˾ͽƽǰ
˾ͽƽԴţ˶ѾҼˡ
˾һһȥˣ򲻹üӺѦŵҩҲ򲻹֪ôġ
һͲһ
ҺãüܺãҲȥ˾ͽƽˣֻ俴һۣͲ˻ڵɢ˰ɣҪ͵Σ
˵ƮƮתɽϹȥ
뿪ӰҲڵӲźȻ˵Ÿոյ飬üɫ衣
˾ͽƽįȻ߹һԣһط£бžۿԺﲻֹܻǰıȽ
ʹı۾ѵĴˣ̨ǿϼʦ̫ĶӡЩǧټѧü񲻳Ц

ɽһɫװݶׯŮӭжϲյЦò裬Сүò衣
࣬㵽һȥﲻ̺򡣡
˻֣óûʲôӣŮһҲ
ǣรһȥ
뿪ͦñֱһ¿˼Сֹôô죿һ˵úذһͱˡüɴʱѾը˹᲻ɱ
˼ȥǰ˷ͺݱò԰ף뵽ˡ
ճܿóеһ˿γ⡣
ʦ
Се
̧ͷɫһ㻹Ⱑ
ճ£𣿾Ȼˣ
ȡһסЩʵΣ˵ǽǲҪǨ뿪ɽȻѾ޷ˣ᲻ð
ҲЩճľٶһЩʱȻճ
Ȼ̫ùɽڵһף۹⻹еġ
ֻ˵һЩ飬нռڵӽʵףǰλʵǸ󱦱
ǿҺֶΣǺ˫ȫ
յĵӣȻ⾪ϲ̫˵ɣֱʴӡˣʣԼͽܣҲûʲô˼
ȻԹϲ̫һȴǲǲںʲôӡ
ʲôԳ
Ϊ˲üɵľݷһ򣬱ʾѺõͬʱʱʱı¶ҪݶԷΪʦ뷨
̫ףܿʱѾƲƶ棬ǳΪ˶üӡ
ó֪ȫ֪Ϊˡ
ճλĪɹãȻһĵȥɿЦá
ǿסЦ⣬˵ʦҿǶˡüɲѽյǿѹ£ʲô鶼δ


1390 ͨ澭ϣ
˻
һ͵ճԣĿֱֱ۾
һЩʱûƲþҲȫŷԼɽ֮ʱȥһ㡣
λյĵ档
λӶɹģҪģڶԶüĶ֮УһվϷ磬˱ϣ
ɲһ˾Ϳġ
ѵѧ˶ѧʶͼ⣿ԺյǲǶ࿼һ¶ء
ɹ۾µתš
ʦǲϼʦ̫˴ĶӣһλƲ˲Яͬһ롣ºô룿
ճ΢΢Цŵг
ܴ裬һܴ衣ʦȫʧԺͽ֮ʱ̫ڿνˡ
һƣЦ۾
豭һڡ
ˣǲϼʦ̫Էң޵Ī籾ԣȻûίȫĵƫˣƾʵ޷һ֡ٺ٣Ƣ𱩣ʮѹ
᲻Ԯ붯ֻسӣ߰͵Ϯǵƹ
ߣ֪ѧںڻ
ᣡ
ճҡͷ
ݲüͬЩɣЩһֱŴڼϣôƣս֮ǶüΪҪϼһϵܻ
˿ɫװ֪ԷһЩû飬һ˵㿴ɶϵȸˣÿ֮ʱܻеĿ¼ƽȻԴɱ֮󣬻øǹ۶ΪնħɱȻķֽкá
ôˣƲ¼ûеʩҲû캦˲ǿӪϵȻˡǾһ֮󣬸֣е֮ʿȫܿüİԵͲġ
ˣ
ﳤһ¸Ц⣬ЩգǣΪʦѾͬȥ°ֶԸüˣ᲻ᡭ
ЩЩģЩûе
֪Լ᲻ᱻץѱ
û£
ճӻ֣⡣
ǵ࣬ģáȻɹȴԭ̨ӡƲ壬ֻ˳ЦˡԼ˶ס̸ʲôɣ
ԣһЩɢ޶ǣʵǺ¡ºҲԲĳЩ̨ܻļһŻĽֱӲҿɼǵãɽ׶ҹͶõİ׹ˡ˶ȴǲġ
ȷˣкɽƶٱԼͽ
˵ɫ
ΪЩӣѽ̵ģĵģŪԼ¼ҹˡ
Ӵû˰̨ٵһ£Ҳû˰ѻԪʦϡ
˵֮ʱ⣬޿κΡ
ǼһɽУҴ鸱󷨣ֻ̫ҪĶ޷Ը
İɣʦУҾͰ˲̨ηչҲһЦ
⻰ûڶüɵ˲Ƕͽ֪ʶȤʿô˵ҲΪü˹ͣʵֵüν
λǼӺԼʦԪʦʦ棬治
̨նɱˣʲô뷨ǿ롣
üԼɣǰ̨ӣȫֵÿЦһʦͽԸˣ̸ʲǫ̂
ˣˣûһ˻
ճ˵ʣԿοε˼Ϊʦˣ
ԣȻѾüѾ˺ҲˣµûüɶԴ·ּɵģǾŴһսɷأûкõĶ֣ôݳϷ
ǺãƲͽˣǶΪСү߶ͰɣöЩ˼չһɰ
΢΢ſ˵һճܾģ
Ͳһϲ̫෱Ը
ЩԼĿ꣬һǱüǷչɣһá
ʱܽչ޵ӵ͸ϲ֮֮档
㵤ҩʦܺðɡЩһֱϱԪѾˣƿԺΪʦɽҩһЩ㿴ðɣʺõӣҲ
СƿԪ
ѿûж˵ֵһᣬɽҩ԰Ϳʮƿһϡ
зɽԺ˵Ӵҿ콣ߣΪʦǺģꡭ
˵ֵ
Ĭһᣬڰһ׹ݸճ
ǣ
ճһµЩʲô


1391 ͨ澭£
Ͼ飬ͨ澭˵ʼϲĴСϸϸɣּɬȫȻ򡣾޵ΣͿԼˣҲﲻæȻԪ񾳽绹Ӧˣм¡
Ц
ʼϲճȻʵŵġ
׼ȷ˵ڵ֮п
Ͼڴʱ˼ǧԵ¾
ʼϲںȹسнӵͳʼɡһߣ̫Ծ߲ܳɹ˴̫١
νʼߣ˵ı״
̫Ͼ˼ͳճǿѹＤӹССƬּĶһƿ
Уƿװŵ̫ҵֵҩѾʧˡϧã֮ʡ
꣬ͷ磬һ
վճļ̨չΣͿˣģΪʦˡ
˵껰λΪһͳ˹
ճĸӦУϢֱǰЩһǣ͸д⡣
Ҳ˾ĽνȨ룬ʵѾǳظϣһ׷ڵŮˡ
ճ̾ϢһЩû˵ΪɢӣöԷ̫͡
üɵȻʲô
ȻҲɹĴһ׳н飬ǿԵġ
һҪչ˱ﵤҩ֮⣬Ҫʵ˲ţҲǵԴ
ԽܹˣԽ
׹ҵǿʢʵһġ
ֻ˲Щһѡ
֮УҪԡιŻɵ֮УЩ̫ҪҪʺԼǿɵ˲š
һ򣬿ɱɰ겻׹һɷǧ
Ը̨ɣǸҪ̫飬ֻöԷղӾͿԡ
ʵϣüһֱô
˾ͽƽı߷쳤վǱĬĹЧҩᣬǽⷢӣһ
Ѿͬϼɲ֮˾ͽƽҩ˼Ȼͬԭ׾ٵĳ£Ҳ롣
ճ΢΢һЦҩƿкһʩʩȻķլԺ
˾ͽƽˡ
ϣüҲüﵣٲ֣Ѿˡ

Żɽ𶥣زӳչ⣬߸ɽ֮У˵͡
ɭɭĴԱߣȴһҶšƶּ֡ۻ͸˿˿Ʈݡ
˶ţۻȣռÿŷݣȪϪ̨ͤᡣ
һ᷿Ƣζ
һʦ̫бϣɫ԰ףήңģ
ǲϼʦ̫
ԱŵһŹװɫȹŮӣӺݴһȻ
ִ΢΢üͷʦ̫˵ҲˣԼӵд󰭣ֻħɽƮߣû£Ѻת
һ
ڱ޷֮ʱͼԼҶȼӷŲϼʦ̫Ǳͷġ
ܵǣλƽ߰ĺ󱲣ʱȫɪįƷ·˴˳ʧ־ģ
ôܣ
֮£ͰѲϼʦ̫붴Ҳ˲ʼ¼ԵɣϽˡ
ҽһԣһܿͿɺתֻҪһͲľȲ
ԣȻƣȴҲûлš
ǼСվһԣʮֵǡ
÷ͽףָɭȻȻǱ˳˶⡣
ƽĹ򼫺ãʱҲѪҪŭòʦ̫˵
Ȼ˴󵨣ҶģҲҵɽ̨һ
˵ǰϼʦ̫ŭƽü߸ɱ
ʦ̫԰꣬»ӳ顣
˼˽򷴶
ü΢Ȼ
С֡ܽʦ̫Ļ̨⣿
ǣһƶôҲᱻ˿ӣһħɽûɾܣĴߣǴˡ
ϼʦ̫Ȼ
ҡҡͷһòʲô¡ħɽˣҲûйϵüбԸˡԸʲôϾͰϣû̫вλΣǸ鷳
ɨһԼҶӣ۵ͬʱǿѹסŭϸִ飬½ˣڴ֮ͬɱѣʱҪüš
д£
ƾ
ΪüɹΪسŮӣʱȻ̲סݡ
˼ҪüʱָԣȻĽΪȴֱΪͽأ
ǲ⡣
һոճھŻɽ´ҴҽУ׶ֵѲҲΪ
ǣԷսḻ˷ָ֮䣬ҵԼ㣬ǺԽսԽǿ͵
޵ʮ꣬ȴҲԷ˱
ΪüһҲ˶٣ڶʱ֮ھͰԼѹסԷʵ֪
ĸһǿҲȵȣǴμὣֻɼֶΡ
뵽ƻȻ̧ͷҲɫȻҲ뵽⡣
ֻǼһζֵģȻýģ˵ԺܼܿΪ
ֿ̾ˣ鴫԰ûڲôˣԭλαյ֮ת۾͵˶ɱϴ£ͨɮɱնɱ·࣬׺ƥ
Сóϼʦ̫߷֮ɫƽ˼֪̾ΪΣҪܾ˰ʦ
Ҳ벻ס
Ķü֮ʣ˵ʲ۲ƾݼսҲбҪ¡
ܶһ֣зһ֣˺úܡ
˵ûпֻǼԪʧ̫㣬ڶ࣬Ϊ˲͡
Ī
⻰ƭأԪʧڶ໹˵زΪһǧЩǱô˵
Ҫ֪ɷһˣΪ˸߳ɾͣ˫˫ת
ȾԪɡ
Ǳ˭ףûסԪԪ֮е


1392 ʩֶΣϣ
һݣ̧΢΢һңתͷܿ
Щӣʵǿյġ
ǰǶ㶨ԼԵǣȻû˵
ദ֮ʱڤڤ֮Ե֮ʮ᲻֪Ӱġ
ʵϣֻкϼŻӰ쵽ٶȣ⸡ҲӸ𺦵
üɾһɾ׷ԪͷݲðԵ
ǴʱԵԼʮһԪǰ׷ѣպ֪Ҫ϶ʱֲ
飬ȫȫⶼһȡúܴɹο޶һǣݣͻԻǰ̡
һɵӣȻǲܵġ
ʵûа취£ծȻܱܡ
ԣƻǿѹסԼһϾͻζ
ĬĬվһԣĸ˵ԪԪ飬ɵþͶλֹļһһЩ
Ԫ֮ͻͽ̬ԡԾԲ
ϧǣ˸üɲһ·ˡ
ƣɲλҩĵϸڶ֮ʤ÷Ҳǲˡ
ƿ˿ϼʦֿ̫һ÷ţʮֿЩĻش뻹˵ŮϲѲ飬סڻɽɽţð˼Ķǰ¼Ůɹֻʮ֮ãΪ¸Тԭϰʦңˣͷ֮ʣӴ뿪ͳԮȡ
˵֮԰ΪʦǽҲйϵ
ֻʮգȷǰûɼҵ档
ϼʦ̫ɫЩÿˡ
Լ÷λͽƽҲΪһеٮٮߣΪС
˾±ȣµͽܣȴǲ֪ȥˡ
ҺûͽΪӢ֮һڴ˶üǰĻ޹⣬Ҳճˡ
֮࣬Լ̵һŮӡѧʱ䣬Ѿ洫ڴ¶
ƣźһЩ
ҲǿЦǧȷҩƲ֮ʱʵ΢úܣȲŵӡѦһɳһޣȻҩ԰ũһֲ
Խɽ֮оɣ˵˴¾ͲȻŭִѦڶտ̳˽½ҩٹգܼŮΪһǧ
˵Щ飬Խ˵ԽȷԼҲͬһ㡣
ֻ˵ż˭ҩߵõԽսδ˵ڶʱ֮ڴﵽһ
Ҫ֪ɺս飬˵Ҳף˵ѵĶ
û쳤վõĿɣ̸ٳһµġ
ЩһӽսȻèֻܳƵһçΪٸҲ޷ӡ
ԿҪԡ
£һ£˵ô˵ҩҲһλԸ߾˲ţѹ֮ȥʦĸɣ۲һֱһ֣ˣɣͽܾǶˡ
ĸףóȻ˵ͽܲ׵ɣܵҪСĸԸС
ǺǣʦĸԸ϶а취ģĺˡ
ЦЦȴû˵
ԼҲռһϼгɾͣĳЩʮʦǵУ
Ȼдҩ˾ͽƽţǿ϶ǶüӣҲǡ
ʲôʣ򲢲ֻǾ䡣
Щ黹ǰͷС
ĶѪ΢΢ӿüͷָһ㣬ֻоڣ
ĪЩ鷢Ԥ֮ı仯أ
㲻Ͳ㣬Ը˾ͽƽҲüӽжˣʾʦɣϾЩϵǣҲúҶ֡
ǣ
Ӧ
ЩòܣԶüɵһЩºıҲʮ֪˾ͽƽʻһЩȲýˣһϵȴʮش
ʦƣλຢ¹һλǰɵ飬ü²أüҲԨԴ
˾ͽƽ丸˾ͽб֮ʱ֮УѾͷڱȳͬڶüѩ£Ҳǰ;Զ
ô˾ͽƽʵǶüɵͽﱲ
ܿ˱ʣڱ̨ɽɱ˾ͽ𣬷ÿۣȢΪޣ˾ͽƽ
ѩ赱ʱͲȻŭԼһͽܱɱһͽܸ˽ϣ⻹ˣǣͰ˾ͽɡ
ʧȥ˶üɺɽϵıӻͬ˾ͽףҲǱ̨ɣ˶أڱѽ׷ϡ
һս
˾ͽݣҪбڻԪʦɽн޺Ԫ
˻Ͷ֣˾ͽٴαˣûӳ
ǣĶ˾ͽƽĴӱˡ
˾ͽǰ˾ͽƽ˼һ꣬˼һǽȫˡຢ̨ٱץסӤɣʱûɱһũҡ
һʱ䣬ũߣȫ
ǣ˾ͽƽͶзţΪһЩĳһճܵƲɹ
˵˾ͽƽʵ˵ǶüɵˣҲ˵̨ɵˣݱȽϸӡ



1393 ʩֶΣ£
ǽκʱҪԣҪһѡ
ǻ۹ʡ
ôϼЩ⣬ȴû֪ڶüȻԣʵֶκǲ
ӱŹΣôܲ
ٴȵҲðǰɡ
ؼΣһαˣһͷͷЩˡ
ȥ˵ò̫أû𺦵鲢Ǳ򵥡
һٰ֮£ͻӰǣ˺
˭֪᲻Ϊĳһû̫ϵʧܣӶȥ˳
ҵģҲȻˡ
һ£Ҫܲ
ֻЦˣͶ̶ִʱ䣬ܺɨüһɣǳףȥ̨⣬˵ʦ̫ɷ˵ĲȻҪ
˻ͷһŭתƽϢ΢΢
Ȼ棬̨ɵȴһ尡
֪Щίʦ̫ˣ¡
ЩǸ˵
֮¹ض֣Ҳνϼʦ̫ҡҡͷЦٴϢ˵ĹŻһɨ̨뵣ǡͽ˵ϢüµĶͺȤˡ
ˡҲЦ
Ƽλﶨ³̣΢΢䣬ɰΪƲλʦĬ
˼Ʋıǹ黳ȡ
ǣȴû˺
ɢƼΪӣ̨£˭Ҳ˭
ĳЩͽ޲̨ɴӴҲ
ʱ˿̣ôһ׳־ͽܡ
˳ʵǿɡ顢ٱһ˵ȣǾͷϸ
Щ˲˹ϽվãǸ֣ĵشôĿ߶һв
ܵʲô
ٿԶһ㡣
ﱾ㣬ĴˣϺӣʵû˻ôӡ
̨ɼˣξʹͬ
ɢޣ治ԸһĻ
Դޣǡ
һüͬˣѾѹȵɢ޴
һ̨ɵĻǻе棿
ƲС˵ӡ
ĳЩˣŶɱвѿ֮С
ֻҪôλ뷨ƲҪùͷŪãһƱˣʹ˱Ҳ˵
ΪһʮĶʿδչ˭Ҳ޷Ԥϡ
ôȥӶΪ

ճңĬĬͨ澭
ɫԺȥһߡ
ʲô˼޷
ֻԪԽԽǵأĪĹ켣ƶ
Կó̺ŷķϧ̫ѽ⡭ʦ˵Ԫ飬޷򣬻治Ǽٻ
ճ̾һ鶴
ʵѾҲݹ϶Աȣ澭ÿһֵ˼
ⲿϾȴǿ򷨡
Щ֣ʵֻǷĳ塣״ҪеĶ
һСѧôҲ޷΢֡ȶΪûнӴҲûﵽֲΡ
ȻȲ̫С
վԪ񾳽δôͻһ
ճ룬һ̷
ҩɢԪ֮Уһ֣ˮһܡ
ֻоԼԪһ׳Ҳڻǿˮĥ
ҲֻԪˡ
תתĹҪǧֵЩԶ
ǧԴݣٻҪһǧɣҪһԼںˮ˵Ȼơ
ⲢһһϦ֮
Ҳ
˲֪ãҩɢ
ճչֻǿһЩ֮ЩֵĹһЩ֪һЩ
ĳһֻҪ㹻ҩ﹩ӦԪеĽٶȻǺܿɹ۵ġ
Ҫʦ֣Ҳš
ԶԶһίĺзճС
΢΢һϢЦˡ
ʱ䣬Ҳ÷ˣ⣬İ˵ˣ˾ͽƽϵıԴ˺ܲٵģɷŹ
ģȻλຢ
ճ֪ԼİѾˣǲæ
˾ͽƽԸʮָӣǶûõġ
ƺ֮⣬һ۶˭ǵĮӲġ
ţǡ
ֻ꾫Ҳཻңҷ㡣
֮ûһߵƻǶԷݣ̫ѿ
ôһˣģеܡ
ûȴզء
γͷֻԽԽģ˺⣬ͻһ㱳ѣȫû̫塣
ԣճͻһӡ
լԺĹ㳡ϣ˾ͽƽŵţԱЩµȫȻ֪ġ
ƽ̾ϢҩСʦ˵Ļм٣˾ͽʦ֣㲻ĽüҲ̨οŲأʹɽɣҲǵóԸˡ
ҡ
˾ͽƽ֪ô˵ˡ
˵һʱһʱǰǲ̨֪
ʱüߴߣȻѧһõ
Ϊûʲô֪ʦΪʲôͻᷴӦôҲ̫Сˡ
ȻԼȥһ㣬ǲΪ˸ùϵѧһ㡣
ǣüѧ˸ƤëЩŵ˵𣬴ʦԼɽڽ
ɵӣҲףʲô˼
ҵ׷ʲôҲҪװɣʦûнϳǽ˾ͽƽ
˾ͽƽȥˣл
֪ʦ棬Էʱ䶼ڷԪܼԪĲ
Ǳһ٣ҲҪʸס˾ͽƽЩ飬ȴû
Ҫѧϰ̨ռҩС磬òԼǰˡ
׽ûô򵥣ж
˵ˣʦѾţȫиˣ¼ӣ̷ڽȫҴ
ճЦ˳
˾ͽƽʣֵ˾ͽƽʵҿ뿪ƲҲΪá


1394 ֮ߣϣ
˾ͽƽš
ӵȻֻԼԼоΣ
ʱٲһ£ɾˡ
ȻѾţҲ͹˲öӣ뵱Ϊֺ÷ˣѧ汾£СŮĶϵģᱻճ˵÷
Ѿʮּнʡ
òģ
ҲճıڣΪ˾ͽƽСӾǷ˵̡
ʦ֣ͱȡЦСˣ֪ǰǲԣĿ⣬±Ÿüɵʵ飬ʦֲҪƽϣָ㡣
˾ͽƽʮϵ˵ɽɽ¶ˣʦԲʮ䣬뻯ɨüһǴòϼʦ̫ѪʵǿޱߡˣԶﴫȴ֪ȫġҰʦֲǿڽ̵Ĳܣױȡ
Խ˵ȥ˾ͽƽԽǼԼҲжˣΪˣ޲
ҩʦڶ̶ʱ֮УΪʮ
ôԼҲ϶ҲǿԵġ
ǵõλ̵ָҲܴ÷ˣҲüǰ
뵽÷˾ͽƽʮָӡ
ǿຢҲԶ־ģǿ˼
ŮǰԼСģźŶԷ
ʵϣ÷־Ӹµʩ̬εļ
ոҩȽ֮÷άüô˵ţ
˵ˣֻӮ˾ͽƽѣĽҲûʲô˲̨ɽôܱȵҶüԪԪϾѧ
˾ͽƽĽ͵ѧģɰͰˮʤһаʽ㲻ʲô
ʱ˾ͽƽľɥֱûݣҲѧҲúǿѵҵĴ˭̹ң
ַ˾ͽƽȴûб¶
ʵϣҲ
ͻСʱû飬ͷԾһЩ
ֻԽһֺͽϰĶȻ˵Ҳѧᡣ
ȵḶ̌˼Ʋ֮һָ㣬ǿߡ
üɣôԵ޹ʵľʹ¸ܽһ·Ūһ¾Ѿܲˡ
Ͼ󲿷Ҫõþûи׵ķù
ֻǻӣͲˡ
Ҳ˾ͽƽһֱѦѹƵԭڣħٶȣû̫ϵ
˾ͽƽִŶֱ΢СģﶼңճҲ΢΢ݡ
ԭĹдŨīزʵһʣкܳɫĵط
ĺǿ̱̬֡ȱ̫ˣҲãȻԸǾʹֱֱӰɡ
ճţЦЦҲֻܾǵҲǲԣЩҪ˵ˣõʱ
õģƾʦָɣԺСܲһüͷ
˾ͽƽüЦĸں棬ܵŵʮ־㵵ģִһЩηﲻ֪Ϊӿ⡣
Ŀţޣձ˿ϣһ죬ôһ죬ҲԶǰġ
һ˿ʹĸճץסһݡ
ĴӦˣʦôƢȻǴʦְ纣˾ͽƽҲԭ¡ѹʦ˼ңȫȻУһҲʤεģ
ԶһµŴ죬˼˵
Ҫ֪Ѧʦ֮ʱʲô飬õҽڣ͵͵ģԺ޷
ΪûеõȨòˣͷ
Ǻǣ˾ͽƽ̫ҪˣûпһƨģԭʦҲϲһװԺ˵ɵöˣˣָʲôиˡ
һȻС
죬ǾȻ˱Ŵʦ֣ûԶҲԿ꣬Ǻ˵˵Ҳﲻ̫˰ɡ
ƽĵĵ
һﰵʧߣոһʱ̫𾪣ȴЩΣôﻹдʦֵͷŹأ
ʦ̵ֽʮŵڣʶȻҵȲ´лʦˡ
ڵæǰ˵źû
ȥ״
̨һƬã˭ҲΪĳЩ飬Ŵʦ֣ɽȥ
ˣǾ͵ÿ
Щɽ߰£˭ǶǾмӣǰǷٸ͵طǿһƲӵ棬͸үһ㣬óԺúȵĹš
˵֮ʱСġ
УЩŵɼҵӣɱȳ⡣
ˣҲֻûȴǶ˼ּɵ
ݵλı仯ֱ۵ģవĺô˵ꡣ
Щ˷֣ԼΣֻҪ˽ʦֽһȫͻڽѾƵ֡
ǰգһλĬĬŵŵӣ֮չԵ֮󣬸˾ġ
λչһλʦ֣׺ɱһ͢ٸԸǵڽźܴ



1395 ֮ߣ£
ճֻǶʱĽ̵ڵȡټɹɽɽ£ȫڴŽʦֵ
ŵ˭Ҳôλᡣ
˵һЩ֪֮ޣ֪ŵվ״Ӳͬܵôɸ;
ǣ˭ﻹи㷭룿
һγء
ֵˣԶңңҩǳЦȴƽϲ֡
ϵɽƲһƬƲģ˭ҲϣģȴǴһ
ʦվһǽ̵˾ͽƽȥˡҵüӽǸƤȥ
ҩСȭͷüâһһߣವһֱɺɽ
ԪС죬Ϊͻͽ
ƲҲ˹֮ġ

˾ͽƽˣĸ;üɹҲʵ㣬Ʋüս֣ԴˣǶġκһɵӶ̤ҷԴ
ճɫȴɽһѹ˾ͽƽЩ
֪Է˵Ц
˵ǾĲ
պΥˣһλƻ齣ˡ
ô᣿˴ʦ̵ֽҶ϶üˣǰȥˣҲֻǺ棬ԣǺ𡣡
˾ͽƽæЦ
ճҲȥԷ˵ʣʵϣԪӦУСʵûһ滰
Ψһ뷨ֻŸԼѧҪǿ˼ġ
ûʶԣôһ£ճü
֪֪ԭҲǶüӣǱûԸֱӰüҲû˻֮⡭ңΪǱ㱳ʦţ̨ܵɵ׷ɱ
ôܣ˾ͽƽȡ
ûʲôܵģ㸸˾ͽ걻˾˳üѩ£ĸ׽ȴɱ㸸׵Ķˡ㸸ײ𣬷˫˫ɡ
ճ°ѶԷ˵һ£ԺļȻɢЩʱԼӴ
˾ͽƽɫòճҡͷ̾Ϣ
˵Щ飬ֻԵѣһǶȽвͬЧ
ֱӸ˾ͽƽ㸸׵Ƿ̣ü³ĸҲ׷ɱǶüµ֡㻹ĽüҪ̨ɣ³ɡ
˾ͽƽȻҲˡ
ѹ֣ѹʦ̫÷ǡ
̬Ȳ𣿵Ȼˣǿ㣬㸸סǶ㲻ܻϲģ˭µµĲĵشһһǣھˡ
ײǰǣֻǸġ
˾ͽƽ˫ͨ죬⻰ʹġ
ѾһЩˡ
ҹλ֮ʱǵںӭս׷ĵˣս
ѪֻסԼƴݣûԼܵһ˿˺
һ̣ȤıʹһֱӡСС˾ͽƽ
ʮȥˣһֱûȴ
һ̣ʹϮȫ˾ͽƽٹ˲װһֺá
˵ûãÿ˶Լɣ׷õİ飬һжҲۣҲʲôɼ˿ɲô롣
ճӡ
ʱֱص˺ۣȻʹܴ࣬˿ٳ졣
˾ͽƽعζճһתֵЩûΪʦԽԽ𣿡
ΪΣ
ⲻŵ𣿻ԪʦڶüɵΧ֮£̨ҲԴڴˡü޵ģΪʲôûӣ
ôҼʦüɹϵõӡ
˵˾ͽƽȻ˵ȥˡ
Щ鲻˵ȻͲ⣬һ˵ˣͲֵһᡣ
Ȼˣʦÿΰݷùϼʦ̫֮󣬻Ҫڹ
Ȼ󣬶Լ̬ҲԽԽӡ
ΪҸüߵ̫ʦʦôֱӸң
ߣ㣬˵÷֪˵öü˶֪ʦίȫҪԸü
˵ȥȻؿƿ
˾ͽƽͺֱ
Խ˵ԽСȻԼҲһ仰
ʱʮһ꣬ʶǳֻòϼʦ̫ףλʦˡʦﲻ飬ʲôҪţ˺ܲġ
֪Щ飬²Ļ˵ȥ
뵽˴˾ͽƽЩȻֻ·粨նȫ
˵ΪʲôҪ˶ңֻһ޸ĸĹ¶ʲôֵöü˵ǵģ
ˣ˵üʦü㣬ǰ֪ڵӣ󲿷ֶǰȷԺǰ̡ǿ㣬ȻõĵطԶüɺкô
ճһ˿Цģǿ츳ˣ봫жüͳģЩôҲᴫ½ľΪøˡ

˾ͽƽȻĬһᣬͻȻ񣺡лʦָԽ򣬷˾ͽƽв̤֪
ͻȻˣһ˵ǺǻʱԶǴ´ʱ⡣
ʱʦָ㣬ϰߣԺͻ·
·һ˵Ц
ȻҲôһЩͺܴˣſʼõԵɾҲǼΪˡ
ֻҪعͷһ룬˲ûб飬Ǵʱ͵õõĽܳ档
üûĽ̵ԼȻҲǱϵǰĴˡ
ճȻЦһһأ˾ͽƽ̬Ȳ١
ϳɵΣɿöԷȼϣٽҿ˰̴ʹģ롣
ǵ˴ĸԴںޡ
λຢնģٴεȼϣ
Ľ֮У˾ͽƽɾһϴƿһ˿ķ
ʶ֮Уϸע룬ˡ
ܵõ˾ͽƽˣװûа׷˼Щ٣Ȼûȫȫ⣬üһ
ճ˸ţһ˾ͽƽ˶˵رķ½ӽٳɣܵʯɽ𡣶ңѺҩʦõӣҲҲԡرķȻеģҪٽҲÿһ˶ʸ츳ʣƷ£һ١
ң˾ͽƽȡ


1396 ʯɽϣ
㣿
ճЦ
Ȼᵽʷ̫ڸ̾Ӣۣӣ顣
Ȼ˾ͽƽ㲻ʲôӢۣ˱ȲҪá
ֻҪԼ̵ܽӢţʹ˿ٽʵȥҩ˾ͽƽֳɵӡ˭òϸǰ;
Ǻܺõһ顣
ϾƲ̨ɣͻ˿֡
һ仧ʲôã
ֻҪûѡ˭Ҳѡʦѧղǡ
ҪѡҲѡüЩŴɡ
ΪӴ󣬸ڶ࣬ޱĸ
ǹǷһ
ʲô
顣
ճֻǴĳһüˣ֮ʵҲû̫ô
һ˱Ƚǿܿѵţֻá
˼һȺǿȴǿ
˭˭ӸͲ롣
ǫ̂ɣûʲôǰ;ԡ
˵üɴʵôճҪӪӡǱ
ƲȻȻСǰ·۵ģδǹģɣͶҰɡ
ܶռǿʲĵӣγɲˣγ˲᣿
תЩΪ֪ͷճ˾ͽƽ۹͸º˼֡
ֻ˵֪ҪٳɽӿΪΪλҪƷҪ󣿡
˾ͽƽ룬˵Ҳٳɷĳ԰ɣĵаϰá
ƨ
ճЦ
ֲʲôҪԷԸ
ҪƷõԭֻһΪƷòŻ֪ͼᱳѡǽ̻һʹпܱ£ȥĸ֣ǳԶ˳ŵģ
˾ͽƽһ죬ʱɵҲˡ
ôңұء
Щŭ⡣ʦֵĻ˵ֱ̫ˣһҲ˼Լӡ
Ϊҿ̫סͶüȥ
ֻ֮ӹһЩɥĵԼʵô˷ģʦֻ뷨Ҳ֡
ǣֻΪҲ̨ü֮Ĺϵ֪ˣ
ΣҲҪѧٳɷҩʦʵ̫ǿˣ죬ѾԪ࣬ټ÷ֶѾʤˡ
뵽˾ͽƽһ˿Ȼʦִط˾ͽƽڴ˷ģԺʦţΨʦհȻҡ
ճһ̾ϢڴˣԾͲطˣʦֵܸ飬Ʋ״ֻˣҲ㣬ܽ˭أ
˾ͽƽһ⻰ϲ
λʦϽ̣ԼҲûзӣͬʱĵһŨŨĸм֮顣
ǸмŶԷӦգǸмֹԼԡ
֮ʿײܷıģûΥҲһ̡
Ӧһħ𣬶ʵ
ʦĴãϧҵǰ̣ԱҷģһЩˣδ˺ġ
һ̣˾ͽƽʮꡣ
ܵʶеȻǿһ򣬾˽ǧˣճĬĬĴЦ֮ж͸ϲ
ã˾ͽʦܣʽڽ֮ǰҵȿĸʹֽɣҡ
ûб˼ճȻ̵ǾбҪһԱ󽫳
뷨ǹʼʩϽ̵нȴǡ
磬רϰ޽Ľ
ԶķʽóԷڣЩ㣬ƵöԷ֪иıЩȱ㣬ﵽΡ
һȱͻı仯ÿ˱˽һ
гԼ޷ֱ˴ˣԪӦϡ
ԽƣƳɻ⡣
ͻͽڡ
ҪĲǿʣҪǽ̵˵۹ҪߣʶҪ㣬жԼҲǿһΡ
۹ⲻߣͿԷ㡣
ʶǳȻ벻ʲô취ѵ
Լ粻ߣͲ֪ǰ·
ҲֻϹָ㣬ûô
ַʵѧġ
Щʶ㣬Ҳڱ˵ôƷЩˡ
ֻԹԵʾѧµ«ưϰ
ʹǾʽѧ
ȻʽڿҲһĵ
Ǿǣǰ˶ģȻܳɹųɹģʽȥһҲܳɹ
һЩģڳɷΪݲ˿Υд¾Ǵ治Ź𷣡
ͻһ
ЩĳһطܿٽΪʲ
һЩϰȴԴһţȻײģֻٽ
ˣŸɣͻѰһЩνġʡĵӡ
ʵǲ֪ǣҵĴʺܺõĵӣ塢ȽϱŹѡ
֮겢ĳɹô츳Ҳǳɾ͸ˣȫҲԭڡ
ǣЩʿ̾ϢŵѰܴ²ŻӸǿ
ܲ˵һź
û˶ӢţȵӣԼߴ˵·
ʱǻ֮ӣ
жٴλ
ճͲһҪʵߡ
ֻҪԷ޶۵ͬ⤣а취ƳԷǱҵʺϵʽٶȽ
ƣױȡ



1397 ʯɽ£
ճ˾ͽƽʵֱֵһᡣ
۽ȱʧԵϰСͲ֪˶·
˵ϰɼҽʵôСҲλŵӶô
ʵϣʵƲŵӣҲǿ̫ࡣ
ǷɽƣճЩŵӶ򲻹ˡ
Ҳ˾ͽƽӽǵԭ
Ϊ֣գ͵͵ĶʦֽڵĽȻûдﵽԤĿꡣûͻͽЩŵû̫ơ
ȻˣҩĽ漣Ӧǽڵķʽͬ
ɵӶ״Ӻŵ֮ʵԶԭڡ״档
ʦָ㴫ڣһ£Ȼһ
ҩķ˵ǽʦ̵ֽҲš
˾ͽƽѹֲס˷ܣҲǷ˵ʦ֣ۿͬһϯ˿˿鶯ʮֿݡ
һֻ鶯Сȸһ㣬ɽз谿裬ֱճ
ճ˵ͷһе㿴ͷˡ
ǼԼһֱΣ̨ɵнһס
˾ͽƽǲϣܿһЩ๦һõû㲻ˡ
̨ˮ೤һ˿ζȫǶü֮
ϧǣ֮мûƣҲû־ɢŲһ壬ҩС˵ûĽʵǻӡ
ճָָֻƵâһΡ
СȸһĽ⣬Ͳʹķ˻ȥ
˾ͽƽɫһûкͣӲͷƤʹ˻
·ţӸֽǶȴճ
ʮལɫѾ͵ͨ죬ˮ

һ졣
ճָ΢΢
ۿͬмĴһ㣬һһͷ˻ȥԶԶһԵĴ֮ϡ
һָŵ֮˽Уɢ˾ͽƽϵ⡣
ͷ΢΢һΣ˼һʱᾹȻٲطɽɵɥ
֪ʦ֮ԶĶ֣ģȴǴδ뵽
УҵĽСɣ
һ˾ͽƽһʧ־
ôЩһֱòôãܻοԼڶ
ܹĥѵĺӣԴĳҪһЩ
ճЦˣһҲһǴ־ǿúܣˡ
ʱȻͲٴˣѵõİοһ䣺ʦҲ̫ɥĽ֮ûԭģҪıҲѡ
ʦ뽲
˾ͽƽʰ飬һ࣬ǹࡣ
ûʲôԼķˡ
ճ赭дͰĽƸɸɾƶ˵ĸɽģ
Ϊոն֮ʱķ֡
ԷδʹǿΪҲûóĪԷֻ̧֮ʱǣָֻͨͨһ
ǿΪΣԼӦأ
һŰء

ԶԶУҲһ˫۾գҲգĿţʮڴ
˵ҩָ㣬ͻͽ漣һ㡭ҵҪôָ˾ͽƽġŵĽ͸ףڶüɵĻ꣬Ͳʲôɾ͡
ƾվȵӰ뱡֮С
һ̰ɴƮţּˮɢȥŶ
ĸ״˵ΪҲֲ˵ģҪҿĵơ
¶Ц⡣
ͲϼµļıȻЩ⣬ͬ
Զüʵķ¡
ƲȻѾһЩɫԼ˵Ȼǲֵһᡣ
ֶΣδЩ־Լ硣
תͷһᣬƾ;ȵſС죬ʮ𾪵Ŀſյ֮еľ
ʱ˾ͽƽѾջسУһһʽ̨ɵн
׽ﲢܿԣüɲУͬεĵʮ֮࣬нȻҲС
ƽЩ״Ӷÿһ۵ġۼнʮ׽֮УŲǰ塣
˾ͽƽôЦôһײ¾΢ĻҲʹȫޡ
ñ׵ʱࣻˮʱʹóر׾
ӦǴСˡԼȻԽԽᡣҲǴװͿûȻԼҲģôӵ
ﵽֻҲһЩĵãȻûмʶ֮ʱһ˾ͽƽĽʹΪҡͷ
ܡ
ոҡͷоȽ۾ͷ˾ͽƽĽѾˡ
˾ͽƽ׾ŰһľԱһβ仯
̵;нͻأһľдУ
㣬ԡ
ǶһԿӣƿ¾Ҫһʡ
Ǿ̾нξؼǣոһʽľȴ˾ͽƽóġ
ǰһ̵Ľǹƨͨһ̾Ȼ
޽ϰ޳֮ƣһʹˡ
޳Ƶĵӣһ㶼⣬ڽ֮Լ־ླ硣
ңҪһǣֻҪƣʸϰֻ˿һЩԵĽ
򣬸Ŷ벻ˡ
÷ˣȻϽ죬ڶü֮ʵҲ㲻ۼҲֻǸոԽƵżɻʮǧ
뾭쳤վõܷɱ䣬ͻơ
Сӣô޶˶˵ѧ˽ƵãȻнȴҲǺѵˣܹ죬ǳϡ
ƾԼʶ˴
۾ϸȥͷ֮
ԭÿһ˾ͽƽ֮ʱͻһϡ
ⲻǱģĳλʦеɫɽ
̳ĽۣǶȣ˾ʽмϸ΢𶯣˿
Ч
ֻҪһ̳ר˾ͽƽͻּϸ΢ı仯ҲһӰ쵽
ǣ˾ͽƽ̳Ľ⣬̱ǿ
˽֮ʱı飬ƺܡ
һ糤ӹһɽ롣
նͬɽ
Уת
̫ˡ
ƾ̾Ŷ潭ʦֵֶΣָӡ
ֶΣγɲˣ
ѹĸ׻ӣԸʹȽֶΣҲҪһ¶Է
鼤֮£©˰ģȻͼǰһնԼǰ
ϸ緢˿һСնһеζ
²ͷ¶ββһ
Цɱ֡


1398 ѿǣϣ
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һëը
˲öԷôԼģμٺˣһǰȻ֡
ŵӰ緱һ㣬صݴʢ
ն˿ŤõɫӰ֮ϡ
Ҳѹ𾪣ٴС
˿ֶΣֻͬΪɵɱУɼס
Ǿͨһ֣½֮дټ
һܾһѾ˲ˣԼڶü֮У֮źܴ͵λֻΪݣҪĻΪͽ
ԼĽֻ֮ܵУԽԸаħԲܵõټ
һ¸ճսһƻһСˣ࣬ﾪµͬʱܵһЩ̼ͻơ
ǰþòһǺġ
ͻƣ͸ߣƾţʲôʱŽ˸ٴһΣһҪһسӡ
ȴû뵽ǰЩƶͼϼʦ̫һЩϢ֪λ֣תۼѧ˽ǿѵҪһαԷܣ
ǰ̽ƲʦֵϸҲδûԭ
ôãòȡͻƣһҲ˿ɼ⻹ûüˣߵǰͷȥˡ
ʤ˽֮ƽǶȵĴʦ㣬ǰѲĸоĵס
ȻΪԷĽֻǴ·ɫֻһЩƤë
ȥϼʦ̨̫⡣
⵹Ҳˣ޷ŵǣռԷó˿ֶΡ
ǽնһеףⲢʲôӣѾңɵɱ
ֽ׵ֻȫӦС
ֻһš
ŵӰǰתɫ˿ֻһ
Ӱεķķȥ
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˾ͽƽһֱëȻæ֮оԶܿ
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ա
̧ȥͼ𲻶ԽԽԶУͿӰΪۡ
ȻǽʦռϷ硣
֪˭Ȼ͵͵һԣ
˾ͽƽΪǶĬ˴ʦֵʮ㡣

ףǽֻ֮յƻҪ١
ճһнƾ˱仯
ѵд󣬼ϲЩ᲻ȫˣԼӡ֤
һƽ˿ըһƬɫǻת۾ͻΪǹ⣬ӰӰ´µҲŻű
תУǽɫ⣬ÿһնã˫
Ľ糬Խ˵͸ĳЩʣԷľֻҪһΣϸĥȻ׾ѧˡ
νݽ겣һˡ
˴ʱȻ˼ֻǼ˸ţԷϢԼ⣬ƺ硣
ǰԪͻȻܵһ˿ֵ
ܱܿߣȻڹ
ȻҲΪԷûб¶ɱ⡢ԭ
겻ʾͲᷢ
ǷݻΣҵԪ񶼲ܷ֣Ѿ漰طĸ硭
ճ֮£׷ŹԷ
Ȼ֪ΪΣλΪһԵҪߣȥ׽
ֻԽֻֻײճ˶Է·
һֱеԽͻȻԶԾϰա
Ԫ𵴣ԪһעͽȻͱóɽ
ɽ룬ֱѹǽɫӰ֨죬ظ
ĲƣΪԪŶѾĵıģ
ճȴ֣ĳһƬطƽ˾ƺ˳ȥκԪӰ졣
̫Ҳķǽ쭣Хƫƫվĵط޶Ǵ˵
ճ΢΢һЦһ㣬ըһӣͻȻʧԭء
á
ɫͨ죬ǻӺꡣ
δ˺һ͹ƣֻԷÿһԡ
ԼѾ߰׾óֵĽֶֻΣȴȫȻûаá
ңּµɱȾΣͷܶˡʱԷζŻȻѾ
׽ǰֳɱֻƭҡĿģȻ۲µ֮ܣ׽ңѯаء
ˣϽ䣬βؼ⣬УЩ֮аħ棬һֵܷˣܷ֣Ȼ˴֮ҲӦá
һת̰סճ˼ûüӦ͸оͷһһֻ˳ƣŵâѾץ
롭
˴ʱҲû˿ʤģֻһߡ
˲þڶ߰һŤͳһ۰βƣķһҪ
Ծ졣
Ƕüմȴһ
ֻһʽųһԾǧ
ȻǧǲܵˣýԾ߰ﻹǿġ
һԾ֮Ƽľ߼ɼ
һʽģ㻯⾳
Է֮óɼܣһɲǼĵԪ仯Ϊʱ䣬ܹƳַΧ
赲ǿ֮ʱĲط
ĹȻѧ
ԲֶԸطȤϧķѴʱУҲѧġ
ѧ֮δù
δѹ׵ԸԼͻҪСļһ



1399 ѿǣ£
Ʋµһ㶼û
ճǰƣɱݺᣬ죬Ƭֶݻ飬ȻΪɱĶ֡
ȻɵɱˣνɱֻУʵȡ
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ǷҲãҲãҪŪ
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Ԫԣɨ蹦ܣ۵Ŀڽ֮ǰ˵Լز֣úǻ
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ңתȫ֮ʱͻ¶μǲ٣Ҳȫ
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Ѿˡ
ðɣһ̣ճȫѶԷ֮
͸߽⣬ȻΪ˷ܡ
һưʵ֮ϣܵѪ⼡ĵԣŵȣ󶨣֪Ѿ֡
ڽս֮Уûҵѡ
Դ˷ɼʿճԼӵײһĹٷְٵġ
һڿļ֮ϣճ⶯ֶƻΪƶ䣬һɰӿǱľ޴͸ҪǿסȫѨ
ɼʿǷճԪ
ֻҪɢԪ۲־׸ˡ
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Էһ˲䱬һ˿ӰӣһСɽѹ棬Ҳᱻ顣
֪Լܹ赲ģҲǿ衣
ȻˣסͲ˳ˮۡ
Ƹոձ磬ճһת忦죬ͻأ֮θߡ
չţ̱һľ޺ƫƫǡ
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մϾͲϾʹԴ羢˵Уרؽںࡣ
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ճҡҡͷЦеҾϲ˼ҴģԭζĶðʦͲҪ˼ˡˣ֪ʦΪҪ͵ѧ̨أ
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ճ̾
üɾӢܣһӶѲԼոӮȴҲǺףƶƳˡ


1400 ӿϣ
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ϵ˵ͷͬǵ׼ͣЩղźáýöԼˡ
˵ŻҲȥѰ÷ֻ˻ɽߡ



1401 ӿ£
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1402 Եϣ
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ճƽϰ߰һЩ½ƽΪ飬ӽΪѣ»
ˣƽŵһЩ
Ҳ뷨
һ˫۵ĵ亹ֱаʦ֣Ǵ˵ƺǳƲġֵǰɽ¹ԱȾƣƹѲ֮ʱԱ˵Ļɽؽ磬ƲɹʵǿµҲǿһʱܹüɷͥ񡣡
ƽͷǣڻɽȷˡԭüϼʦ̫죬Դմʦֳ֣һս֮󣬾ƲˡôţЩ˿ɲԸ԰ˣʦʹʦǿС
߿ĵֵңڱ˵Ĵ̫棬׷ֶʲôǳϵĻֻǫѷˣҲܷϡܲ˵ʦʹʦʵаɡοֵҲΪڻɽƬؽ磬û˱̨ɸǿ󡣿û뵽һСһԲ⣬䳰ȷĳ¡
С˵Ʋһһں֮ڣǰʱ仹ڶŶüɣڻɽ֮ϸֶŲϡʲôʦִ˲ϼʦ̫ȴе¡
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תͷȥʦ־ڵϻԵλʱתһŻѿɫźһЩ
̧뷿ϢҪܾõˡ
ǹ˼У
ʮСǶϱ۵˸ƽţŵͷʵֻвͱȫſˡ
ŵӣвȫ򵹣ͲһεġһȫĬ֪鷳ˡ
ھҪҪɽһ˵Ҹһ˰ɣ㿴ƲΣҲýѵһ١
תͷȥͼӲʯƺһˡ
Ŀ忡յʱϷӨ⡣
ԶԶȥһɷϢֱ顣
˾ͽƽ
ȫȻ
Ǿ˾ͽƽĻ֡
ʵϣ˶֪Щʱմʦ̵ֽλ⣬ȻὣΪǿҩСʦһͻͽ
λ˾ͽʦֵ
ʲôʱάˣƺǻҪߡ
࣬ߵǰ͸һʮΣյĸо
˾ͽƽոͻƣûѧʱһͺ
ѹͷɻȫǰӭš
ңҲһȥɡһӰ͵˳Уȴҩ
С᳤ԾԾԣüۼȫ˷ɫ
һαȽ֮ҵȤʱ˵ҪɽѰ˱Ը¡
⣿ƽˡ
˾ͽƽɽȥɱɱȻ⣬ȴҲûʲô
ǣСʦҲɽȥǱʦ֪ˣ᲻
ɽɣǱǺСٴǰװˡҩ͵ĵʦڱչûЩëƤ飬Լάɰɡ˵ʲô¶Ҫʦ֣Ҫæ
ʦ˾ͽʦֳȻܳڶ˵Сӻиʦ֣Ȼûг֣϶Ҳ֡ҲֻλɽܶԸˡ
Цӵҩ˾ͽƽµɽȥ



1403 Ե£
ճһԾţҲ¶Σڵµɽһ·У͵˳״Ԫš
ȺͿйǲһ㣬һ˿綼ûŶ
ǺðҪﵽЧǵȫעƭ˵ĸ֪СóǼķ֮Ȼʮ־ͨ׾٣
˾ͽƽҩ˵£Ͳֹֻ뿴֣Ҫʱ򱣼ݻ
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һ飬;ۼ֣һϳöͷ
Ǵʱ䣬ȥԼҵӲȣǱȡ
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ĸʱһǫˣԶҲķͶ
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·ʽ᲻ᣬˣһ㲢Ҫ
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ڵҲͣûһ̰־Ƕϱ۵ӵ·֮£ֱɱ¥ǰ
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˵Żƹͷһ̧ͿƺƵһ˹ɫơ
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ҲǿڣƹҾλλСʦѾ뿪ˣһ仰˵˵ҪѰ𣬾ȥϽ񣬾ǲҡ
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ͬڻɽ֮ϣЩߣǻġ
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ƽʱҪ¡
ԣƲЩˣһʱûɽ֣Ҳȫ˹
ҩҲüˣǶԸǴ˵ĺСӣǲµġ
ЩӽԽԽǿΪҲսԪû
йأȻԭһƿԪźܴá
ǣǴϽǾͲһˡ
ɽϼȻǰˣͲԼܶԸģңֱӴȥ᲻ʦˣ
СٶԼģҲһˣ¾ԥ
ճһԿ΢΢ҡͷ֪ҩϾǸľѾͷŸҲӣȻ̬ȴȻû̫Եת䡣
ʱӢǵԸ񣬱˵ôڳһˣҲὣĿɽɱˡ
ĹܵöԷûʲôǰȰͱտ˵
Уóǵ־С
жٲɣֱ߿գһ·ֱȥ
ҩΪѼ䣬ͻȻüЦұ𼱣Űɣʦֵ̾ͻˣȻҸ˾ͽʦ֣һ˶Ըһȫȵʦǰˡ
һ䣬ҩǹ졣
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Ҳû˸ɡ
˾ͽƽȾȴ
ףǴʦҲɽˣȻҩʦò顣
ȴû˼



1404 Ѱ·ϣ
ɽϣһ˻ߣߵˡ
һǺڷСɳ֣ʮģ
֮ʱֻ˫أڵϵ㳾ȴǾ֮ˡ
Ÿ첲ֱϥܿҵļ⣬伫䡣
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ڷСɳأ˷ܵĿɽ£ʦ֣һû񫣬ôô°ʦ֪ˣ᲻ˡˣŵϽ񣬻Ҫͽʦ֡Щһ˵ʲôƲԻɽЦ
ʦܣЩ֪ʲôδƲˣ޶˶˵ĵɹãֺαأ
άĦݣǳʦܣҲġ
ʦ̫СˣҾͿЩһûʲô£ֺġʦڻɽƾƲҲҳ𣿡¹岻м˵Ҳ״ﻹʦ״ɣ˵ԼЩĵӣǸ
࣬ŸһǰһģٶȴһҲ
ͷ˿Զĳǳأ˼ǻĲõģʦ˵Ůֵ֮ʣȻʵȴɽλȴǺ룬ҵԶ֡
Цˣһ°ʦļһҪ˵ǰӦţ¹ˣı¡
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ǰǽοոϵɽ˼ұϾɵģȥʦ֪Ҹոһ㣬һá
¹ɫĵ
̫˷ŵӶѣ治ںǼˣƲ
̾Ϣ뵱꣬ʦεȴüӺһŹЮ˼ֻ֮һûᣬ͸üһɫٹŻ
ʦʦüƫİѵͳ飬һֱ
Ȼ˱ϾɳƽȻ಻Ҳûѽ̡
ǣһ뷨ͻῴʲô˳ۡ
ĳһգȥ®ɽɢģ׷Ű׹ݣΪͳ⣬˳ųžͶֵòɿ
ֵüɽ֮ӡʦֵȫ˵Ĳǣʦһŭ֮¾˶ü
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άĦɽ¸ĶӣΪ£̵꣬Ҳǵ⡣
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ܰǣɾ͸ˡ̨ɸüɶǶһԣֻʦͽͷ̫
ףʵٵֻһɣһܴͷĻᣬǲܸһȷ棬ǵѹᣬܳɵô¡

ʦֵҲˣֻһ۵ûȣһɽ£ͼǰ渺վһˡ
Ű彣ƺ
һȥͼӰɽɫΪһ壬Եޱȸߴ
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ǰƵɽҲ·һ󽣣ҪһӶ£ն÷顣
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¾ƮƮ̬̹رŭˣŤͷʦ֣һװŪһȭ
ճعͷЦǸող̸ôǲǿոԲ֪ˣ
ΣɫȣƺǸʱ䲻ˣԼʦֵܶ˾Ȼ㲻֪
ҼλʦܣƲװ˱ƾܣΪʦ֣ǲӦġ
ճЦûһҲٸ˶໰һ͵˸ǰ
ͬɽ紵ҶƬƮȻûдһ㾢磬һץ¹Ĳ
ֺأҼλʦܵĹͷˣҲƽϣȻѰ𡣡
ճһ˵Żһ赭дĳ׽ˡ
¹ϺëһΣӿͷһαȭײӣÿ̵һ죬ȭ淺𵭵⡣
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ճЦһץʽ䣬ҲζָͰȭƵȫ֣һѾ׽ס¹ĺ󾱡
ֻһ¹ȫࡣ
һɲƴǰȫ



1405 Ѱ·£
㲻ϲƲӱʦʦùٻȥȱȿ
ճĿһһ¹壬Ц
βûɨһ²漤ɫ⡣
֪ʱͰڽ֮ϣһѩâӹǼɫâ紥һ㵹ء
һ㣬ɣѾѪ
ʱĻ˵Ϲֻ֣һͷں졣
Ǻųܴܲϼʦ̫ΣҲǶ֣ÿȥʦС
˼һճԼʦܣҲֱӷŽϮ
Ϯʧܺ󣬷˫սüԶ̶˵ܣô˾ܵλ衣
Ϊãܾܰ
ɫڰֻһ𣬾һţһԲν
ֻͰΧ
ÿһⶼͬ󺣰ǿָֻţȫֱð亹ҲҶ
ֻҴɽ׶Σ˵ϼʦ̫֮ʱóǽֶ˽ôģ
ˣɫһգɤӸΣǿҲб塣
ǿ
ճЦԽ£Ͱס
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ĺҪԸƲŵӵʱô˵ǿˣҪʦңŴģ
ۼ⣬Ѿǰ壬ȴûֹĵԼתת֮󣬻ûĸƴʵŪʵ˺εȵز
ϵԺ󣬵ײȡʲôķʽ棿
һҪ
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ˣ鷢źŵΪճֹ˼ûУֻǵ֪
޵¶ϲɫճҲЦץ˾ɽ¼ۣƲһ㣬
ӰӰʧ
ॡ
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ʲôͰϽȥɣ˶ѱˣﻹ˵Щʳ͵ɽϣӻӵҲûУǰæһ
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ոǻɽƲʦֽΣЩö䶼˼ˡǰ̫ţ붨Ǳ˴ܴӮǰģû뵽İˣôλӻɵȥƲأ
꣬ǶɼҸˣ˵˵ˣذɡ
һϳɵæֹ߰µɽûɽ֮ʱ¡
ճˣûӰһ㣬ڽֵ缲һӹܿ͵״Ԫŷ֮ء
¥ǰԶԶۼƲʮӣš
ˡ
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ΧȺó·һļһӵ˿յϣЦҩʦã˾ͽʦܣǸѡһɣΪ״ӣΪʦܱӦ
˵꣬תۿȵӣĮӮˣͷߣ򣬾ͲҪˣʦɽˡ
˾ͽƽɫãһȻվ˳е¹壬Ʋ㲢޳ԹɣΪҪ´˺ֶ֣ԸŵӣҲʧ棿ҴӮˣͷ뿪ݹ顣
Ҳ֪ϿڱʱŻᣬҪ֣ſҪͷ
ҲףԷλʹһЩĲάĦ飬ºѶԸѡ¹塣
㣬Щû̫ʤΪСϵá
¹ոµĿճ
ٲҿڳԣ´ŭ˶ԷԼһץ
һҲֻϲѹԼСˣԸԿĵˣʶúܣ˭ͷ
磬ǿһԲϾͷŽն˵ġ
ǰˣʶȫú硣
ȻǰλƲʦֲʲôǰˣ̫ǿҲһ
¹ô˾ͽƽɫһϲЦҵ˭ⲻ˾ͽƽ㳣Ѧ˴һƽվϲװôҵɽˣ͸Ҹҽ󣿡
Ҳˡ
ͬڻɽԶ¹ָѦãȻ˾ͽƽĵϸ
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˵ͷñӴ˶飬Ƥϸ壬š
ԱһλͷʿӢЦү֪Щ¶н˿䷸Ҵһƺȫûи׼ʵϣˡ
ŶҾͿˡ̨˺ܶ࣬ǵĵӱ˴ˣŵĸ˱䣬ͺ֡
ңֱӴſ£õ˴ۣ
Ʋʦ߰ɣ㿴λӸҲҿԷһ£Ȼǳ˿ͷǺ޵ֿ˫ʵԶǣʦȴԼֱ˵ǣԼǿʢúܣֻԼһǿ󡣾ʦʦó֣ҲѹһϸĽ˵
Щд˰ҩ˾ͽƽͶСʵӦҲ̫ǿǻ䡣
΢һ£ЦӮ䣬ܲˣƲ·ʽʮִԺǲǶ׽ܰͰɡ
ͷҲ֪Լү˼Ҫأǲ֮һҪչͱȻ벻ףԵĴõģǮҩȵȣɽӴæȻҪ˳ࡣ
תͷܣͼ˶ƵĿƲڵӣȻЩĶ
ͷһΣƲӵȥˣҲճĿڡ


1406 ϣ
ĸ磬ֵ˶ǲġ
ճ͵ͼİԽԽ࣬иҵУһͬ˼Ѫһļ
ҲΪͷֻ̫٣ۼɼʿֱԳȥ֮á
ʢ£ðǻΣգҲں˰ɡ
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ۿһͬ°İ׹⣬仺
˫ָ˫ƽ룬һɷ֮ͽס¹壬ְɣʲôʹ
¹ЦԸ㻹õűĺˣСүľȭŹ򣬽ȭƣܽƽ˲ҡ
ãǾͽһ
˾ͽƽɫһڣܰյ΢΢Щա
һ̫ɶ˰ǰԼһƲ
Ļһը׹ǰ˹ȥһ𣬻ɽ
ֻնһ룬¹ɫͱˡ
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˵ź⣬ʵȴҲʮ־ģʱʱճһۡ
ɽ;бճûаƢͶ֮ͱ׽ҲЩ壬¶ԷԼ
ȵ˾ͽƽ֣ϲֱҪĵûˡ
ȵ˾ͽƽһ¹Щɵۡ
нԣôнֲ̨ûѦҸǰʹҲֻǷ
һ̵Ľʴͷӿ֣¹Ҳ˲̫࣬˫͵ᵽظ֮䣬ȫһѵĹαһȣ
ʦ֮ԴͽܵҲģʮֳ谮
άĦҪڶüɴӳüѧĵҽ޷š
¹ЩµĵӣǴ˳Ҷһ
СȻͲȴǿߵǷŽһ򷨡
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ʱ¹ȻΣգ˾ͽƽƲҲûаӵ˼־óֱ¡
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潣뽵ֻһŽܼ䣬һķɨ˹ȥ
Χ۰һæ˵ԶЩѿյȦ˳
֪ҲŷհѰƴһ
˾ͽƽл𽣱ԷһƴȴǲϲҲХһǡ
ûߣҲУֻǽⵯԾţһնȥ
ԽԽ
ÿնһľǿһ֡
⽵֮ʱ¹ֻԶԶһƣƾƷҵķɽȴֻɨâӰⶼѾͬˡ
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ܶԷôУǿѹ
֮󣬺СɳһθߣѾΡ
ֱ۴׳ˮͰһ¾һų˾ͽƽѾֻԶˡ
̧ͷǹһ˿ȣһۼþҪǰ˻
ƽâҫĿѣԡ
һЩʿ澪УԪΣλŶͣͶķԪʦҲɡ
治ɼҵӡ
΢ھ¥Ͽ΢΢ƺǵ˵ԼһзŹ⣬̲סʵȻǴ˵ģС룬˵˭Ӯ
ʱ˽棬ƺСɳָǿһЩҹó˾ͽƽûֶΣһͻᱻԷɱ
㿴¹Ȼûб仯ȴ΢΢ģǰͬ
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ϣڴ֮У¹һز˵գһ죬һƻأ˫ţֱ˾ͽƽ
Լͼһѳ죬£ţҪ˾ͽƽһ¡

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ǰ׽ıһ֮С
Ŀ֮£ԼǴɱСӣǽҲó赲ǻӡ
˾ͽƽŽ£˫΢΢ϣֻоۿڽһ
Ľ⣬ƺԼֱۣԼѪ⣬ڻԾš
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Ľ⣬һθĽָٿء
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ֱȾͿĶۣţ˸䣬ǰͳһѪۡ
Ƿһ㣬ź󷽼ɡ
ȴȥñʱ졣



1407 £
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ԽʱԽңķͻҵȫ˶ü
ҪʤˣҩĽˡ÷ͻȻеżΪӵ


1408 ԣϣ
龰ǰ˾ͽƽȽ֮ʱΪͬ
ǧʾһƬãȻǴﵽԪľ磬һֹ
ĽʱʮԶʱΪϸС⣬ŷ⾳
ҩȴԽսԽ˷ܣɫâͬ˳仯Ī⣬ƺ
ӱľƽҲ磬ֵǣֻҪһһ
ԽԽ˷ܣԽԽм顣
нתɢĿâ
ҩСϸӰ˿Ľ֮ݺȥΧֱת
ʱɽʱˮ
֮䣬⣬Ȼ·硣
˽ʮ֮ҩ߽һʦ֣Ԫһû
һ䣬ɫȻǣһ
оһɲã׾Ϣس龰
ֳҹ
ããؼ䣬һ˶У޲ܻӽ죬԰δ
ɲã⾳һ֣ҩݾͱࡣ
͵ͻΪһҹ⡣
ƺУţնȥ
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һҲż֪Լ׽Ǻ࣬ҲʱԽԽǿ
Ȼû뵽ԷλСŮ޽ôΪԼ䡣
Ǵӽ棬ǴΪԷԼһЩ
ʱĲʲôӮ⣬ŵȻӮˣɱأһ棬ֻնֽţ
ֵá
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1409 ԣ£
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1410 һϣ
ĥ̻תתһɼǿѹֿУѹùսȫڵء
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ѿڶȻסͣȴǰڡ
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˵ЩʲôȣԱ߲ϼʦ̫ǺЦȷСӻŽֶΣǰֻƵý󣬱ƵöԷأȻǿӲˡ
ηΪӪƣºˡͲ֪ڹѧʲô챾죿ٲó»һ
һߴߴ۵ûȣȴûԼѾˡ
ȻСӣǼһĳƺճʵϣѾѶԷ˺ܸߵλãٲΪʦҪ
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͸˿˿ڽУͻȻһˣʮٴ麣һ㣬ӰУ
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1411 һ£
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һϷħ޺õģʵϵȻ˳ͣһ¥ķӻҪˣʦŻˡ
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һҲýâ˸Ӷ֮£Ʒ磬Լն˹
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ԽԽʢ𣬻
âֻͣһ£ͱǿ𵴡
ֵݻһʮ䣬ʹп޺
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ͷ­μˣ۵һҧϰͷͷѪ˫һִ̻ʢ
ȻѾȥ˽ƴҪҲҪʹʮɷħ
Ѿɱۡ
ճֳбָƻߣɱȣ˼֡
ֻţֻһץͰ̻ץġ
һʦóħ֪һˡ
취ֹɱԷ˵״ԪŸµļϪǰնꡣ
Է̻̫ǿһ־Ĵţʴ̲ޱߡ
ȻѾٺϾıȽ¾óѹ׵ı¡
תתȫһͻΪ׸ߵսֻ̬֮ڣѶִҲ˲ˡ
ǵģо̻˺Ѿʴֺ˴
̻䣬ŽѾڳɹǼܡ
ԪӦ֮УԼǣԽʱҲÿӿݡ
Ӳƴ¾ͻᵱ١
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ճкâʢϽֱʣӰУŽƬռ䶼ƺҪ
һȫȻ֡


1412 λӰϣ
òңƴˣҲҪɱԷϧǰջǾȲˣƲڵӣҲ
ϼʦ̫æˣʱѾ˵˳ǳԱߣȫǸɫ
֪ԼȲ˸ˡ
ǧһ֮ʣ״Ԫ¥㣬ݶͻȻһ󶴡
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ӰͣڰգȴһִУһ㣬Ŷӡ
ǷЦ׺ЦʱЩ֡
һкһŰնţһҾңѵˮͰģ˵Ļ
ճȥͼֺƤ⣬ϢǿŻԪӰӡ
ϢϤӦԭԪʦ̨ӣֻһﻹѧɵĹӣҲһѵõĺ֡Ԫ񾳽缫ΪѴﵽԪıԵ֮ƻҪǿʵӦͬһΡ
ճĬĬţȴҪ˲УûЧ
ĵ˵ճһҪʦƴһ
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ǱҪʵǲá
޺Ԫ
ϺпˣЩ졣
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Ա˵ɷҺݶ˵ѵõĲƷ
һ̣ճֱ쳤ЦʦĿ⣬Ʒâ
ȴǰɱ͸ޱߵϲá
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ȻҵľתһУʮɷʲôΣ϶ҼΪþˡ
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˶ţһԪԽʦô˵Ҳǵ¸صǰɹЩ飬ǰӦ˰Ŵ򣬴ʵڲˣα˴󶯸ɸأ
һҲǲԣСԶ˫ۣؿͷɮˡһ
˵΢΢ͷճ
أԼɷ޿ɵֵһ־ͱɱ
ʱ׼ͣ˼һè׽ξ
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ֻҪʱձǨնü׳֮󣬾㲻ܷλɣҲŪɹλңפǧء
Ϊлϵڵġ
Ҳǳü˼õ飬ѾеӶ̺˵·
ǣͨѵġ
üǧ㣬վ㲻͸ӵ˼
Ϊûа֮λӾġ
Ǹʵˣһ˼ޣ̫¡ʵϣλʦֻϾͲͨȻ̸ȥʶű
ôʵҪֵΪʦˡ
ǣü˲֪Ϊرһ飬ȻԽֱӴλһš
鱾Ҳûʲô˵ġ
Ϊʦ𣬷֮ǰָһλѡ˭Ҳ˵ʲôԡ
ȴôģȳü˷֮ԽԽʦƫģٿһ˾ͺܲ˳ۡ
ֱΪһС£ѳɣΪʦҲˣΪʦ
ü棬ȣԭ޷ǾǵʱŴһ¡
ν£ǷĲ¡
üƣԤıͬն¡
Ӿ´ԸϣԼסҹһ˿ҹǰС
²䣬ǰ
⣬޷ǾҪгһüˣѹ̫벻νԶ
üɶȫ֪˼Ȱ˵ǲǰʯϻرɱͽ
ÿζᱻһ˷ϣŵʱʦֵܵݣ̫
üȻᣬʦͷĴ󵨵Ĵվڷüǰߡ
Ϊ죬ڳ˸߸ϵļӡ
˴δ¶ľͷųʱȥ
Щ֮˴ĵҲǿʦϡ
ޣŹܣôһ
ʤˣҲܡ



1413 λӰ£
ʦƷձƲôӣôҹ
˵Լͽܻڽֵ֮ˣ
˵ԼɣҲǱ󱲴ûͷ˼Ѫ
ǰһʹ衣
ǿħ˼
ȥûһӣ˴ˡ
£ֻ˵ߵʣôҲҹġ
ǷԪ˵ƴ죬ʦҲܻ
ʲôͬˣʹ߿죿
ȥ
Զ˫ۣ¹ģԪжҪȥճɫ͸оз䡣
ͲǺ̸̬ȡԪתͷεĿһճϣ˵
ճһڣЦԪʦֲΪѣ޹أĪˣһԿϷɡʮɷĹһȫź
У޺Ԫ˻Щԭ̨֮˶ٻһ飬ﲻæ
ңһλȻЩҰģȴûʲôС
а˳ֵܣҲɱ
ܵ˵ϻһƢĽɫ
ճû̫⡣
οϳˣƶת֮ʱԼն˷ԪһնöԷĶӡ
й˵£ճҲ̫ѿֻǻʾ£бָĶ̻жȡ
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ϺβûɨԪһۣǰϣȥᣬֻ˫ǰһӡ
ƿӫӫһƬʮڿճλ˶
һȴǰȫֻͬһ֣֮ɷ졣
̺ɫķռƬƬ·
ѹȥ
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Ψһվڰȫطǲϼʦ̫ˣֻĬĿųоɫ̾һ
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زʣΪۻǰˣųӰ
Ϊġ
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̾ɱ
ʹ֮УΨһоֵǣλʦΪվԭضҲ
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վŵ˷ųɱУΪʲôѵӴļӣҲװ˼񣿡
ҩƵ˻ڴƣȫӰ첻ճ
ӳʦȴԽԽѪת纣һ
Ծľ͸߰ͷ­˫չһ
ԪͬмӣųӴܣһâ
Ϊ֮ҩ˾ͽƽҪǿϲ٣ֲǴڹģʱܶסѹС
æ֮Уͷȥ
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֪ϺоҪܲõĳһֱ
ݡ
Ԫ뵽оһ
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ŤţĿ쾰
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Щʧ³֮еǿ˳֮Ϊ˳ΪħѾΪ񻰣۴ʲôز֡
ǣͼڵʿϣ㱸Ϣǿףͺˡ
ѽѹǼһﲻܣ¶ϲɫǰΪŵɵˣȴԭг񰡡
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ʦʱȴŴͣǰֱѪ
̻ͼһ֮󣬾ȫ˹ȥ
ϺֻоϾҲ˳ĪͨԷȥ
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ķȫʹɱУȻ˱˵ĲҩӴ򹷰ɣ
ʦ˸ͻȻһɺͱ˵ת۾Щҡ
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ţնĻشССͣϾǺơ
һ꣬ʿվڵ֮ϣççȺɽɫ˫£иʦ֣ƾʲôҪָɣ
һλ޲ֻǵ˵ʦ֮ΥüˣʵжʦϢ֮һΪء
ϺֻǵԼذݷһɮ̨֮£̷ţ˵λӰԸҷ𣬰ݼʦ𣡡
ͷһĵ׸ּ𣬷ʵ΢΢һ𣬾͸оرޱȿԼԽԽᡣ
ǰɽˮбգͻȻûڡ
ΪʲôҪ˴ҡ
һʹĪ
ͷȥͼһâӵԼ
â֮м̻⣬ǰϤԼƴһԪҲҪʹʮɷ
ǻӰһڽâ֮лΪƮɢ
ԼԪոͱֻǷɳɣŽһڻ
ɻĵס
ֱξʦûףǰþȫʹǿľУΪηΪԼĴ


1414 Ȫ·Զϣ
ʦնɷɻңǵɫȻþòɢһɫԾţ˶ɡ
Ԫһֻһֻŷ£ҲǣҲǡ
оǰâһѾסԼ
ƺֻҪԼʲôĶͻһ˶ϡ
Ľ⣡Ԫ֮ϣĶɷ仯ǰžžС
ɫ׹Ȿа֮ǻͻȻַ
ɲ֪ΪΣλʦó׹⣬аĶɷںһ
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ֹŹֵҲǵֺ꽣⣬ó档
ʦ꾲޷ԪνǿȴͲֵܵ㹥
˹Ļ֣֮󣬾һ㣬ǽһɨѾʧ³֮ˡ
ԼˣԼˣʦֵģǧ˰
Ԫͷϵĺˮˣճɱ𣬽Լ˳һն
ǿɾ͵ù͸
ճ˵Ҫ˲ֻһ֣ʱ˲ϼЦ⣬Цʦ֣˿һǰ㲻Ըζƺǳ߷
⵹ǸȤˡճһҲΪ
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ΧİɫѾƣʱȻٴˡ
ҺʱĳǲԼѡ˿ʮͣûеûȫ߹⡣
Ρ
ЩӰ֮ʱͼһ΢ֵһ߸кţһǰſڵذһݣлɳ֮ԪΪеųӣΪɳǡ
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֪ΪɱʦΪա
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ճ˵ͬʱҲЩͷ
ԼʵԽԽǿɱɱˡһƺܵõϿɣûжرԴ֮ɵá
ѹִ˷ĸˣóȥаħЩӵܣͳȥԽ£ȡ¡ǵȼһ߶ȣֵ˥
ôȷĻȡ߶رĵȻսBOSSǣ̫һСľͻԼˡ
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뵽˴ճ̾һվڷ˼⣬ȡ
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άĦ¹ˣԴӿʦնɱξ֮󣬾ͱľȻݵӣҲ̱
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ֻճ֮УȴԲԹѿ
룬˵˾ͽƽʦһӢۣݺҲĪȥȪεӰֻҲ̫įˣ˷̡


1415 Ȫ·Զ£
ڵӽŲһ٣ȫˢˢĿ˾ͽƽ
ҩͶ˶ȴûпڣ˾ͽƽ΢΢ɫüë˶š
ڣҲûп̫ãֻǶ˶پЦʦ˵ǣʦ֮ȻǾȡȴ¹塣£ԶԸƲӣҲֵ³ʮ޹ղԣʵڸ
˵⻰˾ͽƽһݣۿѩ׹⣬ŵϲܷλӴȥ
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˾ͽƽɱˣ΢΢ţջ˳΢΢Щ硣
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ʦֽ̻ǣ
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һ㣬ҩƲ֪ԪͲϼʦ̫Ҳȫˡ
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ճŲͻȻһ٣Ϳ¯һԡ
һľУ֪ʲôľָĦĹ⻬գڲĿۡ
ճҩһۣͶⶫ۾Ʋ


1416 ϣ
һǻӵĳľУճͱԼ١
ԪһĪĸоڴȥ򿪿
ʶ֪̾һѵûԵԼҪĶ
֪ΪΣĹ֮Уһ裬ƺǺʲô
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ѹͷԼѾҪľбأԱߵҩȴСֳԼ°ڣлǽ
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ҩ˳˷壬һвԾ̻ȥ岽ơ
ͲܲҪ𣿡
ܣǺҪģϵҳɵĶ
ճҩͷοһѡ
ĳ壬վɽţɫһЦˣҵȻûȤֻһסң
ʮɷʲôճʵǲô׵ġ
ʦ߳ŭ֮ʹһĴУȻ֣⹦ԼľתһУңӦ
ңͼɷԪ֮ԪǣͻԵĽչ
ԭת֮󣬽ɻ޴ľתٶ˽
һΣԼݻǱǿ
ǿķʽ˼
ĪǣתѾǵԪ壬Ҫ
´󲿷־Ԫɶɷ֮ճ²죬һնȥ
ܸоԼĹ漣˫а⣬ʴԪɷ֮
һȫλĴ
ָоǺӡеĳˣĳ˵ʮˡ
۶Ǻֹһ򽫳ȥ
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ͽ˵ƷƵôɴ䣬ǰη壬ȴ
Ǻӣ˵һ䡰
νһ¾鱩꣬ʲô󣬸ɷǳ˿ϵ
뵽Լϵͼڡ
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뷨һ֣ɽԭȼҲ಻ס
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ԷУƹǰͲá
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ﴫµϾͨ澭Ҳ͡
Ǳʵ̻ᴫôȥʹġ
ԭϣֻҪ֣ｻ˵ĻȻȻöԷ
ܶԷǹǲݡ
־档
ճһͳȥ֪ѵã֮žףҲǹ˲ˡ
ɷ辶شԭֻҪ幻ǿ׷ɷԴм̵תƽ⣬֮е·ȷǻԪ޼ֱķţúܣûˡ
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ϸϢԽԽŨͷϷɿ쳤ѿ
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1417 £
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̾һ¶ɫ૵쳾ѰԿ࣬Ψ֤׻ʲôأ
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겼µĺ֣Ҳ˷ѣոˡ
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ǰϢһ϶
ѪֻһԾѭĳϢתžʧ
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ϤʡɰoҮߡĦࡤĦ٤
ʹڣ˾óຣ
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ϢһǰҺҰ


1418 ϣ
ɮӰһɴ⣬һֻݹצץ˹
ռ䶼ƺ
粻š
ֻеԺԽԽ󣬾ǧͬʱȰ̡
˾ʹϢ֮ģʹ˰ݷ
ճֻ;ԼӴӰ˿סԪʧ鶯֮⡣
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ˣϼһֶΣһͱԷ飬ֱС
ճȥ飬Լⱻʴ֮󣬻ʲô
ֻ֪ħĴǷŵնķԲȥԡ
һͻ׹ֻأ޽ѻᡣ
ڹ˵ģʮɷ棬Ǽ١
ԼĶʵû֮ǰȴνȥܷõ
һѪѲ룬Ҳ֪Էı϶ô׶ԸȥŪš
Ѿ㣬תɣͲȥԷϳ
ۣһճɫ˰ףһѪ˳
λ˻Σԭ͡
̧ۿȥͼǿѪҺȳһЩСࡣ
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ҪƾнֱӺɨһУȴҲ롣



1419 £
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1420 Ӥϣ
ԪһԺӣδЦ˸ûϲʦֻԪһ񹦴أʦ񹦴֮ʱɽҡض˫üɶ϶ҡʦ֣ͻʦ档
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Ѳɣǰλ޺ѴȥҪЮ
£ճоʹ˿˿ɱ⡣
Ԫ΢΢ǰɽλʦֵƣһæʦĪᣬ´˴ɽ֮ǰȥݼߣԵ֪¡ʱһֱⶢţɹõٿˡ
ճɫδ䣬ֻǵùҲûʲôʦ£ȻĵԭҲûҪ˭
Ǹϼʦ̫˺֮ǰȻǻĪѻǵĵĸüڴ̨ϷҲνֺá
ճͲ̫һЩжüɵ飬²Լ⣬ʵûá
Ҫ֪üЩ˱Ĳ˼һʦ
ǰ꣬һǧ꣬²£
ΪüƣΡȴ֪ŶڿЦ
͵İһ򾡡
ԪЦһ˵ǣɹ;ɽ֮ʱ˱ͽ򸾣׷ɱ֮ʱȴüɵĺ󱲽˾֪֡ΪΣһţ˽֮£Ӷݣʱ֪ˡ
µ棿
ճȻվ
ﾹȻᱻ˴ˣ
ԪõӶʣӦĶʮȫС
˭ȱ£Īɶϳ֡
ûлɷԪ˵ǡ
Ҳ˵˵ʵҲƭˡ
ճԪ񾳽磬ϵ飬ֻҪһܴ·ֳ
һԪ˵˵Ϣ΢΢һѪ
ﲻ˴ϲ·ʽɵɵܵ˵ԼǲģƵһʦ
Σգճܲܡ
ĬĬһճ־ԪĸоӦд󰭣ֻ˾Ȼʱ֣Ӧòʲôɺϡ
ǧȷ顣Ԫ޵¶ϲɫתʹ˵λͬƼ߳ϣɹ̨ģ˲֪ȴ֪ģ˶ˣͻ¶μ
˴ɽֶԸɹõȴǰŮɱķ˵Ϊ˷һ£ʮ׽ü׼ֶӢҲ£оҲͿˡ
֪ţѲһ涴ȴǶ֮һǿ¯
ԪԽ˵ԽѹҪճԶüĳޣϧ˴ζǰˣǱǣǱơʦһǿԮϧȴǵ˽ʦ֣ʹ档˴δ¶̫ܵң̨һţ»Ϊ˺Ҳʧһ
ŷԪʹļ׵˵Żճòһһ˵͡
ΪԷ˵õȷû֮붯ôˣһ෽ύżݣ
һ棬ʵ̨ɵ
ʱԭĴɣܻһЩġ
ܱǼ⣬ţҲѡ
ټϣ˱͸üгǣ߾ڣȻһļϡ
ʤˣƽˣҲûʲô
˲صĻЩѹʾɣʹ޶üɣ޵Ӧþ֮
üǲ̾ͻΪ˵ĳͲ
ʱƲ¶ǵˡ
аɣԡ
ǣЩ飬˵Ǹ⣬ճ˵ǡ
ǾԵУֻҪǿ󣬴ˣ޷Ǿ鷳һ㣬Ҳ㲻ʲô¡


1421 ӤУ
뵽ճЦˣȻˣԪʦ֣ȥһǰʦֵܣЩһܾ£ҲǼǿһĳȥɽһˣʦ˴ˣܵȥǡ
ճ˵ŻǶ豭ҪͿˡ
Ԫ̾ͼˣĵûǸ꣬ЦʵΪʦֵķɽѾ䲻ݣµ֪һƷɽټذǧٽӶ˸ҵʺʦֵĻԪһ񹦡
ֻҪʦִӦȥһ˳ųų棬Ҳ̫ʦҾͽ˽ټ֪
ԪϲճľתֻöԷó棬Ͳ²Էǰ̨ɸصԪ澭˻Ԫ޼߾硣
ңǰճԽʦʮɷʴ𻵣㡣
ҲλʦֲģʱԷӽ֮ʱһ˵Υ͸С
һ޺һëԹ
ʦ£Ԫʱ׳˶ԷԾܾ
ճ˷ԪһۣתĵСӻеƲţƵһزó
ʱˣֻʵ֪ԪʦΪĴ¶֮£Īʲôܣ
ѵһҲ¶µشݳǵؽ磬棬ͥԺ󣬸ܿɹǣ￿ʮַ޵ӣٻǼõĸء
Ԫһ˿ͬΪ̨£ͽɢ֮󣬱˲˵ǰʦģݻҵҲûС
˵ǽιʵ޼ҿɹ顣
ټǸ̰ͼܵӣܵ
Цǿ˴£ĴˣΪ˱סǴڻһ
ճһ³һ⡣
ԭǿ˴µƣʺΪӴǺϺԸ
̨ˣͨУɱ޶ĺҪȻ¼ҵ
ļˣеʦеȴɽԪһϲüͨɱѾ
ټ֣ˡ
һ֪ɱͨУȴǰ˷ԪʦֺܴһæҲµûȥµĸ֣֣ʦİɣ
ˡԪͷ
ǱƷɽģ
ﲻԷȥ£ճ⡣
ĵʵǱģ
˼Ʒɽ֣ԺҲٴڽһξ棬ܲԺܵʱ򣬴˼£ȭͷϰɡ
ǿˣľ磬ǿȫֶΣͨӦ
ԼѰҲƣ˵ʱҲҵõ
Ʒǿġ
ڶüеЩûǰ˵ػԼȥ˺õ֡
Ҫǿȡ̾ͻüĻȥ˴°к
һЩڸϣԼ̫Ϥ£֪Ӻ֡
οԪһ˵û
۴ȥ˶׼֮ͽεһѣʵȻ̨üһս
֮ˣԼԮ֮ˣǫ̈̄ɵġ
ԼʦаһʮֲʵĽɫ
˴ζ̫ܵңʿ֪ӽǷˡ
һӵһ٣㽫ˡ
һΣ˼ҾͻŶͷ˽Χɱ
ԣΪ̨ӣճʵû̫ѡ
ƨȥ
о仰˵ʦµӷ͡
ԪƷɽ飬ճűԺõĻס
ɽƲһ֣ٲ̨ɳһȥ
һ˵ɣȻʧȥҲǲɲ
Ȼ˺ôһսΪѵһ˰ɡ
˽ڣճ΢΢һ֪Լʵ᲻ýС
̨ɸǺףͷЩѵġ
ԶҪСһ
ΣǴ̨ɵ£ܴ˶ɢ޸ˣ
Ǻ޸㡣
üζֻӵ
ж˵ɣ۴Ǹ棬ѱš
˼ƷɽȥһüλҲǲԣٲôΣա
ԪЦ˵ýʦֵ֪ɽҲ֪ģʦĻ嶾ɽ
ճһͺǽǱͷȥĪˣң
üĽһһɽֱֱŷԪѹ˹ȥžơƲԺݺ޼ɡ
֮һĿͷӲɼǧҩ¾Ӣ̫ҾһνʱϢӰΣͬ
֣ͬҲѷӰ
˵һλȲһ飬ۼ͵Ϯɱı죬ڶüɵһָ
ʱ̫һԪʦε磬ǱһԴһȻΧҴӻأʹ档
ļһճȥ
˵򲻴ù
ֵܵеסܸܿոս棬ԷһƱΧ
ʱָԼݽȥ



1422 Ӥ£
ԪͷһҲվȵ˵ʦϢŭǽڿͷٱУ˶Ǽһƭˡ
Ҳ˲ˣʮ𾪡
ɽ³ǳؿճʦ֮ʱֻǰ̾˼ΪٱԼǿΣһЩη
ô˵ճһʮ˾ˣò׺Ϳϲ𽻵ͻ׺֮
ʱճһѹԪ͸о׹Ԩ
һͷųתӣȻǽ⣬ǱȽƸһķ⣬ƺնһжѹʦʧЧ֮󣬾Ȼܶһնɷɻң̫ˡ
Ⲣʲô⡣
ֻһ˺ˡ
Ȼͨ˵Ľ⣬ʵҲûʲôãɼʿķȫһ
ճ磬򽣵ʣ˸˵ĵ·־
ǰԪ񲻹ǿȻҲСɽ⻹ûԳرƳ
ԴͻƷصԪھ磬ͷԼĹ֪ǿࡣ
ͬһԪΣԼý۸ֻͬͬĽʵҲɴˡ
ֱʦһսճͷ֣ԼܹԵһεԪλǰɣƴ൱ռһЩơ
ʱճЩףҲԼĽĽߵ·Ӳһ
ǿ֮
˷ߵȴǷͷǿ·ӣ壬־Ҫ󲻸ߡ
ʱԪı飬ճ۲һ͸ȷһ㡣
ջӿЦԪʦ֣˵Ҽǵٱʦˣʦ̨֮ʱȴͷң˵ʦֻǻԪʦͷȫûʸ̨̳ɡ˵ʦֵܸڮƲ
˵ճ͸һɱ
ǰ֪Ҫ̨ɵмԭ̨ǱŻġ
Ⱦɽ飬˲ֱǰ̨ɶ˳ˡ
ӷԪ֪ȻŶüɵﰵﻤͽ͸ףǼһǱɱˡ
һȻǷ׶ҹɣҲò
ԭȫ⡣
ڣ̨ɾͻΪȻ¬ɽħ׹Ϊʦ
ɻһͽܣСǱʦͽϲ޾ɫŮãͨлҪа
һȻǺɽƶٱˡ
˸Ԫʦ磬ﶼҪ磬ΪҰġ
ɫҲûϰֻЩûԡԪʦʱʱ͵͵ɽѰӤҪӤ
˽ɣܱȼԪʦ嶾ɽħɽһþɽԿơԳ֮Ѫա
Ȼƴ˽ܲףӤǺ˲٣ȴûɡ
̨ɵΪҲкܴϵ
˵ԪʦʦǺϸΪȴ̫һЩҲݬһζݣҲΪպӡ
ʱٱ֣ճ̲סͷ
˲ķ࣬ᡣ
Ӥ˵̨ɣ׺ݵаħҲôġ
ɱˣһʺδ̨ɵͷϣôҲ˦ѵġ
ԪҲһ˿֮ɫ˵ʦüΧˣӶݣԼĻ֣ɳߡ˶˵ǽһԵĿͷߣҲţûамǹҡϾ˶üɣôҲҪҾٱҲֻš
¶˻֮ɫֵ֮ǰȥ˺ɽһˣٱȭȻ²Ҳһ֣ԸüҲԴģû뵽ȴĸɽһЩǴ򲻹
˵Ԫ߷߲ƽ
ɽ֮ڵЪһо˵ɽؽ磬ÿ궼˼ҶӤֵĻ̵̻ġʱҾģ˺ɽɽ̨ۣشȻѲסңɽ֮ͼһƬƹâǵأȫֱо˷һ㣬ٲҶƣ˳ʱС֮
֪ʱճѾв豭ɷĩޱʵˣǵƹ嶾ɽٱȻģڼӤ
дʦɴ˽ʦֵǰݣΪ⡣˵˽ѳɣɵ巽嶾Ϊ֮ĩ֮Ϊסһò˵ģΪ̫ˣаǧԪ񾳽ѻԪ澭Ԫ޼磬ӲӰ췢ӡ
ԭҲ˴˽ҲûãռŽʦ֮󣬷֪˽Ϊ
ͣһͣԪֵһ֪ٱӤһֱܵطɣ߱٣һֱѰġ
˵嶾ɽԭӤõò˳֣ճʵ
˵УӤ֮߿ɾһΰʹͷӤħ͵ظ׻һųѪԪ꣬κηɽ׵ػ𣬸ϹŴ˵еɱѪħһ
ЩʣԪ˵ͷͷǵ
ǽι֪֮غܶࡣ
˲ɱֱǰܻҵӤˣ߰ɡ
ճٲɣ㲻Ϊ˼ƷɽǼһҲøϽˡ
ʦǴӦˣΪҵȭԪϲɫ
ʲôõ嶾ɽˣ㻹ʳԲɣ
úúãĶλϤúܣͿ˳ˣǴ򲻹Ͷ֣ʦָ
˵꣬Ԫ̵ͷǰ·ֱϰա
ճҩ˼䣬úÿңֱɽȥ


1423 ׼ϣ
˾ͽƽЦǺǵվɽǰӭ
æ˺һᣬаգͿˣԸ˼λŵӣɽ
һյЩ࣬ɽһЩӻһ¹ϵġ
ûмƲʦֺ͸߸ϵɹãҶЩź
״ԽӴҲǸǺܴӣҲʲô
ʵϣһ֮ɽ˸Ʋʲô
Ļб֮£ɽɫһƬơ
˾ͽƽͼһӰ۽ӹתɽʹ˲
ιŹ֣ΰСζ
ʱǸӰ߸վ̨֮ϣӶűӳԼϹۡ
ѦЩһֱһֱ͵úܣʱôȥ˺ɽĪʲô˵Ĺ
˾ͽƽ΢΢һ䡣
ͷһҩָӵǷűĽҩ˿鱦֮⣬ûע⵽Լߡ
룬ĵĸȥ
˾ͽƽʱƣַԪԪʱѾﵽԪĽ׶Ρ
һ֮һ֡
ֻһͻΪһϸϸ׹⣬ֱڻĺ֮Уּɡ
ת۾͵Ʋִ
ںҩʦòĻѿˣȥɡƼѺתԺǰ£İ°ɡ
ǰ£ѦЦһ۷Ѫ⣬Ʋ𣺡ǰͲǰ¡ôǴɽϵң²Ѿ
ǸӣɽҲУڵϸ֦ˣȻҲǡҲ룬ƾŲл֮˼ĿϣߣʬΡ
Խ˵ԽߣһѾͽҵݹƿأʣŻѿ˳
һ˿ѹŭӼŭô˷ѵҩЩѿܺôΪ˻Щҩҿһû̷һֱͣٲǰ
Ƿҵģ˵ûУ
УʦֶҽãҲôָҽҵһ㿴žֺͿһҡͷ
֮ҶѾôæΣǷҲˣȰ㻹Ǳʦֶˣģ
¸ô𣿾ȻҲ뱳ңôȥѦ۾ˡ
ǰһܣ͵˻Ҹǰָһ̽ס˻ҵĲӣݺ
СӸг֪֪
ѦƢͲãǰɽϿ˭̫˳ۣҲʹɱɱ
ȻϣȻ̫ݡ
ȴǻɳһЩΣյ
ЩŵҲмôʶģŪʬ޴档
ʱҵܾﻹ̵סһ¾ûϡ
СŮгɣֻôһ¾ͻ档
ǶҪȥ
ǰĸ߸ϣתۼͱɥ֮ȮģǸҩҩũҲ̫
Ѧֱ޷ܡ
տʼʱﻹ롣
ԼʦϲǽʮţֻҪȵʦɽȻĺùӳԡ
ǰֻ»
ȴû뵽һնüһ˵Ʋ飬ʦǻˣȴͷʦֵ˼ûУʮֿء
ҲûֻϧһŹԪԼˣ˵һΪ֮ɽˡ
Ѧöˡ
ÿʦ˾ͽƽʱֵĮƺʧƺ̾Ϣ
Լʲô
뵽Ѧаֱðɣ׺ݣϾҪ
۽ͻȻһһ׹ԾӳճɽϪȪ
⡭ˮ
ոͷҪų䳤ޡ
ҲǻҰģѪ޸á
ˮΪ̨ɵĵн֮һʮϤȻ֪ôƷ
ոת޻δ͸оͷһһĵʹ顣
ͷǿ־壬ͷһƣͼԼסҵֱѾ类նϣѪӿ
׹Ѫ飬תתͷһԣһС
˾ͽƽ㡭㡭
С۾׺ݹâһͻɫ˦β˵һÿ졣
ֻ͵һƬβ縫һ㣬ն˾ͽƽͷ­
̫ˡ
˾ͽƽո⣬;ķ֣ͬޣʱڵĴ׾
һۿâʢͬһٲն˹ȥ
Ծ鶯ӳ֮£ӿƣ׵Ĵһɨ
ޡžһӦ䡣
һ𣬵ϻΪأͬοûа
ӣȴδббѦնȥ
Ѧޱƣ۵һ³һѪɫûҰס
Ҳ֪Ϊϱ֮ʹΪһдܵԭûǰ׺Եȫǲš
ҪҼһ
֮󣬸ջعͼѦҪڽ£ѿڶ
˾ͽƽŹֵĿһ۵ǰ㣬ҪΪּһһնɱ
ô˵Ľڻͣ
ôѦȹң˾ͽʦַŹһΡҲȻ
Իҵļ֣˾ͽƽʵҲЩġ
ǰԸҲԸҩȥıʦֵΪôò⡣
ʱǰѦ飬ŮѾһɵֿˡ
ЩĿѦһۣߵǰδαѹǳ裬ɽȥٴμҪնĹͷ
Ѧһ仰Ҳ˵ѪȪӿļ򼱼ݡ
˾ͽƽ죬һֻʣһƬγ
ʦ̵ĽȻ˺ãѦȿħٳɵļһһҲס֪ʱٸ÷֣˭ʤ˭ܣ
ͦñֱüһ㱰΢֪֮Уͳһ˿⡣
ԭҲԲຢҲԱúǿ󡣡
ĳ˽ף龰˾ͽƽһ˿



1424 ׼£
𣿡
һ⣬һâӰ°ա
ճǰççɽһ⣬ݰŶѵ
ʯɽ·ϣƬƬ̦ľ
Ȼ
ûаɪ֮С
һڡ
ɽճ̾ϢһɽδΪңԪʦƫ˼ҷ޵ӡ
ԪȴǰҲʲôãֻЦǺǵǴСĽ֣ܲɽ࣬ʦҲ˵ˣʵ߲ԶԲûʲôҪм˷ڣ
㵹ǿúܿһЩʱֵζѡ·ˡ
˸־ճҲ˵ɽƣ͵ɽۣƣٱס
ǣֻסװļʿ̥ðռݡϧúܣסںɽƶȥ˴ǿġ

Ԫǰ·һƿɽ磬οݣһ·ֱɽɽۡ
˺ɽƺо˶֣Ҳ죬ֻؼߡ
Ԫתѹܾ磬·Ϣ
ճҲûʲôƮƮĸ󣬾ɫӰһ㣬ûԳϢ
۾ܼţԪЩԼǲǻˡ
̽ȥһ
ɻʮֲ⣬̲סʵҿʦֲδôǰҲܷɵô죿ڵߣسɴ磬Ϊ֪ԺμҺɣУϢ̫֮ˣҾȻ
ճЦЦȫʦ̵йѵԪʦûѧԺ㻹˼Ұɡ
һ˦ͷϣҲûʲô˼
ʵճ̫ý͡
ѵλٺУԼûнʵһܹԪɶ
ǸԼǿᣬȷɽ
˵Լϰݷ򣬲õ֮У
˫ǳЩֶζҲǸƣԪҲ˵ŵġ
ˡԪڨڨһЦͲѯʡ
һᣬ͵һɽ·ͣ½Ų˵š
ճ߽âƽֻһȻ
ɵ֮УԼɼǿĶţʹæµ䣬ŵһǵѹͷ
ֻԸӦʡ
˷Ԫ˵Ļƽ⡣
Įɳ˿УƮ߸ߴʻνΧס̨ͤ
Բ˰ȻޱȣȴɭȻɱ
ҲСڷǰ
󣬲֪ɹôʦûУ꣬ƾ󷨣ýĻ棬һ£Ҳߵٱĸǰ
⻹ûУ
ɹǰЩһֱϹæû̫ʱ̵ӡ
˸֮󣬼Ҵҵɽȥ
󷨺֪ʶһûѧ
Ԫ͸ԽУճЦˡ
ߵ󷨸ǰǰʯȻʵԪʦҪȥ󷨣ֱĿĵأҪã
һʱ
ԪȻʦ֪ǰѧ֮ʱ󷨷棬ҺЩĵõģٱӦûһ򡣡
һʱճһ˿䡣
ҪСʱ
ſˣСʱţЧʡ
ؼǣЩӤʱرΣգһаϢ׳
ˣٱûС󷨣ֱӴüɣõϸƽ⣿
򲻿ɣԪ֮ɫ˵ٱѾȻǵչٽ׶ΣӤ˼ܡʱó͵Ϯ㣬ЩС⣬ǱҲˣαأ
ʦǲ֪ľӪվãռ˵һŰ취֮߶嶾ɽǲʹҲǵֵס
ûһ˿ʱҲ˲ѯΪλʦֵĶĿ
ֻ¶Է³çµҲˣ±ڶԷǾͺΣա

ճһҲûȷٱҪʱ̡
ȫעĶǰڳдŸʽӡ
Ⱥȣֻһץʹʯץһ޺ŵİӤ
Ӥ鲻ֻһһɫ۳ڶ͸ȥ
ֻǼ֮䣬ӤͻΪһ̯ɫҺָһȪֱ˺ɫ塣
ˡһճһף˽档
һѪ⡢׹⻯Ϊ˻
תţͳһСпᣬһ˻ǡ
ãϷ˼·ȻûҲֻȼƷɽܳסķɡ
ٱЦ
¿ͷѣ˵һӤħ˳£ռгһգüɶ϶ҵĶ֡õŶأգ


1425 նɱϣ
Ŀ˿ϵħӤٱѵõĳһ˿Цݡ
ҪץһӤһŹ⻪ۣǰ̽ȥ
¡¡
һ£ǳңݶĳ
˭˵˱ܱ𣿡
ٱһƾץԱ֮ϣһйһ
ȫעȫȻע֮¡
ʱΪǶڵŪʲô顣
һȸոճڣ̷ֲԡ
ͨ춯ôҲԼңỹż⶯Ȼڹ󷨣
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࣬ΪӴŶĿľ޺ԪһڿˮоЩɡ
ͷԼϵĽ⣬Щ룺ͬΪ޺һ⣬ôһȣô;ʮ̶ִأ
ô룬ԪѾƲĻҪΪʦֿʼˣȻӶȭͷ
ҪҪôɵ
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嶾ɽ֮£һ˵ԪΪҲҪ롢Ԫοǡ
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ǻƹУģӴΣЩˡ
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ڽɽһĻѹƬռҲƺܲס޴ĽһƬƬơ
ۼþҪһ䡣
ٱѾ⣬ŪĿŽ޺ԪԷǼƲܵľٶ￴ס
һֱͿʦܡ
֮ͬһļʹ棬ĴŹϵʲôô
ϣһչ黹Ҫʵġ
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ˡ
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ȴǳֵúܡԪʦ֣˵һҲûаǧأֻжû١
ճŽбָ棬ǰС
⡭ԪĿɿڴճԾĳһʱ˵
ǿ嶾ɽһ˶ڽ֮³˴ɵı׽У׽һС㣬ȫûз
ԪֻǳԾٱǿ־ˡ
Žֳֻһ㡣
Ѿȫһճ΢֮һһ㣬ȴȫֹסǰеĽŲ
ԷдĽâֱͷ䡣
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˭ôƿ嶾ɽӦǻԪһ񹦰ɡ
ٱŵʵ
ԪȻףΪ嶾ɽĹãȴҲĵһ
֪Լһβˣ»ָ˴ݵģЦǺǵʦ֣湻ªŰʦɹյĵӣʵǿޱȡ򲻹ģɡ
ճɱˣҲһҲ̸֣ʲô֮ͬ顣
ʦ֣ͽܣżҵ˵ɡ
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Ҳȥ嶾ɽѪʢ洫
ڼ䣬һĪХųĿճ
֮£û˷ٱе׹⣬ָĵһֵӡ
ͬʱճ׽Уĳ֮ϣȻһѪɫӤͷ­
ֻһ֣ͷХճͷ­ֱȥ
ſѪܾ޿ڣȻ˺գͬ촽ⷭ׺ɡ



1426 նɱ£
Ӥħ
Ԫ󾪣ѣͼѪɫͷ­ոճ֣Ѿ˵ճϡ
ˣϾ¶޴ʧ
ԪãȻ棬ͼٱЦͻȻס
ִԴæת˹һƣͷ鲻ԡ
ʦɫ䶼ûһ£ǰֵѪӤͷ­һ㣬ȫֹ޶˶˵ʧ
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ٱֻ̺ˣɫ
嶾ɽκβö֣󷨻סΪɱֵľӤħӤųӤħҲû𵽰á
ֻǸոճ֣Ͳ֪Էյĸطȥˡ
ﻹ֪Էƺܹ򷨲֡
ٿ޴ĿͷֻƾͱԼûа취֡
뵽һҪݡ
ͷոתǰһֻطһɿͷһƬհףҲ
޴ΣϮͷٱԪǣԪ̣ٶܣȴȻˡ
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ԪȥͼԷؿڴһ޴ȭӡεѪܿ׵ܿķΡ
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ͨһ㣬ٿƮƮ׽е嶾ɽԪƺʲô
ԭʱʦĲԩǲסĶʮɷƾӲӲλʦҲܽϺе
ճҡҡͷͷ˷ԪһۣЦ²ѵʦ֣Ϊ˺ݶһ㣬ֱֵһᣬʦǲԶˡ
˵꣬һ˦ڽͬһ㣬ʹʮɿռ䡣
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û嶾ɽֻ֣ʲôز

ճҲȥܷԪʲô
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һССӤͷ­ʱѾʧȥֻ鶴һǲͣתȦƺΪ¡
ҲĿ꣬ûָӣƺתƵĵϡ
ǰٱħӤͻϮ밵ճһѣȴֶֹ֪Σճµһ֡
˵ӤֻһֻħӤȫֻҲûаá
ȶԪҲ̲Ѫ⡣
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һͰ붴ûаǿ
ⶫóҪɷ𣿡ͷʵʮֺ档
ճһµֻ𣿡
ܣⶫһϢûֻ꣬ɢ֮С
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Ҳ֪ٱɱ˼СŪֻӤħʵҲˡ
Ѫɫͷ­ɢճһ飬һͳǱڳЦеʵ飬㿴ѽΣ
鱦
Ѿͷ˹Сץ廹嶾ɽ

ճ˵⽣أ׹ˣû˵ͷѾѳץ﷭ȥĿʱҡСԴ
ʧһЦĵԼͿˡ
ദǻѾͷѪ֮ǲ֪ʲôȼķ֮顣
᲻ˣȫǶࡣ
ôˣǲʲôף鱦ʲô
ճһؼʣһ
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Сһҡͷ
鱦Ϊ֣ͨһεģǰƷʵûǻ۵ġ
˵һ䣬ֵ˽ʼãϧûڳһ̹ʣһֱֻȥܾѾ鱦ˣ̫ϧˡ
ûʲôϧģģеþͺá
ճǲźӵּƷѾˡ
۹̫ߣûѡ
ŶְʵС鱦̫ˣ˵׼ᱻߡ
СԴΪȻ

ճˣϹ˵ʲôʵϰֺǿĺòã
СѾͷмġ
ļУҲһЩ˲õĴ
ֻϧֻǸСޣҲ˵ֻ̫ܽһЩƬΡ
ճϻʹһΣֻһȭɽһŵŴءͲ̫ˡ
ΪСѾͷ˵ֻСޣǱ˼һֻƿļһ
ճʵöˣű


1427 ϣ
ճٴγںɽ֮ʱĻ󳩡
˴˽֣ɽͿһˣǵüɵ֮УܰʦΧԼҲȥ
ЦÿģüȴһЩϢ
ԪлԼĶģΪճ̨ͬˣԼʦܲˣ᲻ղ̫⡣
˵ģ⡣
ԴԪ˵ﱻϋkķˣճ˼˽С
ֻһס˷ֲ˶ѡ
ὣǰϸϸƣоһЩɫ
ڴ˷֮УҲԺֵٲǰǰ㣬ʹ򻵱ಲ󡣡
˽ߣָ࣬һ㱦Ҫϲ٣ǿࡣ
ͨɢγ⣬ϸ΢Ļɽľ·
ȥݻֵš
Ҫǣ⽣أгģֻӶǿѹ
оǰǿˣҲһն
鶴ȼ֮£ԭڵĽѾȫøǰͬ
СѾͷ˵Ϊٽж֮ѱȴɢȥ˺ţֻС
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޺Цһ񣬶ճ˵Ҫȥţȴûʲô
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λʦֻҪϲӦ꣬ʵ֮С
̧ͷȥķλԪĨһ亹ĵա
ҺԼͻӤľٶǾľȫ˽ġ
ĻܿԷ⣬ʱ˵ȭŪãʲôʱһ벻ͿԼһǾҵˡ
ǵģճȥǺݸ
ȥɽ֮ǰһܹġ
ǰȻںɽƶ֮ץʱȴҲʱʮӤ
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ҲΪƽйϵ֮ƽȵ顣
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ΪǿˣܳΪŰߵɡ
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һᣬԶԶľͼһ󽭹
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ųççҰճĺ΢΢ɫĮ
ѽȥƲ֮Ȼ佫ֱС
ĦϲЩЦ⡣
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ȥȥţûĸ
৵óһ·˴ߴٵ˵εС°ԭǺɽƶһĶΪҺ̨ɽɽ;˵أնɱ˶ˣȻʮСѰĸɼǵûؼ㣬лһ½ɴˡ
ҿĶ
˵˴ͼǰ˳Դһޡ
ȴһ̱ڵأȻǸһʧС
źܴϣǰȴûԼҺټ
ϣٶʧʹ࣬ͱˡ
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Ҳ֪ʲôֶΣЩ˾ʮģϰŰգ̨ɵ
λʦֵ֣ʱʱıȻǷԪ⽻ģǹٸΪ֮
Ҳ˶̨ɸģԱ߾òˡ
һŮһ߳ɶ˶ͽҺ޲Щʱյնɱʦ壬˵ٱǳ̨ɣҿЩаħȫʲôΣҲ֮



1428 £
ճһ㶣ͷȥͼȺ࣬վһԹۿš
һſɮۣͷȴ޸죬Լʮ꣬üʮ࣬ɷȻ
һȴʮģƤӨϸ壬ŵ೤ȹϸüŭݡ
ŮȻ˲һҽֱϮġ
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ճüëһҡҡͷϸϸŮˡ벻֪ʲô·úܡ
ٱɱɱҲЦ
ոշɻ󣬾ɮŮºЦƣ̨ɱǲɹ֮ҲһһϦˡ˴ǷɢĴжΪ˴𣿷ģò˶ãЩ˶һ򾡣̫ˡ
ǰŮһۣϸһ˵ʣ˵ǶüȻܲ£Щ˶δ֮ǰȴǲ֡
⻰˵ίҲ֪ŮûУճȴˡ
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ҪȵԷѾʱ֣ܵõ˹¡
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ôλɲʦ̫ħ̣µŮˣؾԸٱġ
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ǣ˶ԸǿУȻʦֶŮģΪܳ⣿
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ȻüһЩ٣ȴҲû̫˺ƤϳԼƲӣҲֵġ
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ΪӢȴƵþһ㣬Ǳᡣ
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ʱϰΣۿپãǺѱĵͷվţȫġ
ճоʮֻŭǽϨˣҲνָָֻһڼͷǰ

һǵɫ⣬ľббһ



1429 ׹ϣ
޲ȥҲܡƸŭһ޹̾Լû
Է϶һ֡
ǰǴѾȫ˿ˣѹģƺû·ˢһɨɨȥ
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Ԫؽ׳ֻеˣĿɱһն
ӿķϯȺ˿ȥ
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ԪԪһĽ
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Ǹ˵жĵϹһҲܡ
ƳδԹԼĽġ
ԳǰҲη塣
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ֱ죬Ϻ
Ŷصʡ
ϼʦ̫޹˵֮ھͰƴɣɽѾϳ˽Ҫ
ˣϵ˻꣬ܿˣһڶߡ
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ȻһʹȴǱָסա
Էǰܴ󣬰ԼӶñˡ
ʹ
ίǾ֡
Էôģȫ֪
ңԼδʧֵľһȴǴ˷ɻû֡
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ԷûɱҲûбֵʮ׺ݣ˵ĸоأҲֲܿ
ԼССʱһΰС֮ʱϹھӼҵС׵֪˺ݺݵѵԼһ١
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ոմ̳ķɽžһʧȥٿأϣ
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ճһЩͷ󣬶ǿ㸸׺ӢӵķϣһζȻúýѵһ١Ů˾͵иŮ˵ģͳˣϼþ𣿡
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д˵ȽҲǲսʤٱǶüɲ֪λл͵͵˽嶾ɽ˳ҲһЩա
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ŽԶȥƼعɽܵʦԽʵҲֲˡ
ۡ
ʦһѪλ˻ΣԴһ˿ݡ



1430 ׹£
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ճ˺ݸӤãѵһƣǰʦһ
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âۼһӶ׺


1431 Ѫϣ
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Ѧһ˵䳡滰뿪͸оǰһʹġ

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⵹Ҳǣܲɱ˼ҵɽ֮СûôġЦЦ
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СĶǵòҪ÷˵©˿ڷˣЩʱղ֪ΪΣԸøҽԽԽ񣬾һƵģѭ浸ءһ֪ǵļƻ϶ͬ˵֪ʲôҲˡ
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ţǰһӰ˸ǰü˵ôɽˣﲻ˵Ĵ𣿡
ﰵоԡ
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ʦ㣬ʦҪһʱȥ¡εжҪӦûƳ׷仯֮ǡ
šüëһӦԷл



1432 Ѫ£
ڰǰЦʵãЩʱû㣬ڲϼʦ̫Ȼҡ
︴ӣһϣ۾ƫһԣǿЦЦϵĻͷһ´죬Ҫ뿪»ٸɰ÷ԣǧ𿿽ƲǲǽΣûУ
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ճ£ָҶϵİӡۣŵǶš
Ԫ˿߰ȥɫȴԽ
ѪҺ͸ܶϢܸ֪õ


1433 ƥϣ
֮ʦķһԪĶʮɷճʵ˼ô
ǣԪǳʼμǡ
ԭҪʮ۷ҩԪ񾳽磬ɾԪ֮£Ƥһ㣬ֱԽһСؿ
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Ѫš
ķһʦĸռ䣬Ϊı䷨Ԫ鷨Ҷ֮УһóϢĴ֮Ԫ
ƣֶΣֻиûе͡Ǵͬһײ˾磬ȥ׼飬ʹ˱ɽɱֶΣԻǰ̡
ճһ˿⣬ŭ֮鸡룬ʧ١
Ϊŭκ⡣
οӰ˿һƼ䲻ĲķһӶ׺ʦ
ǹɲⲻۣɽ䴵磬ճȴ
Ǵ˵еĶ֮һͷӡ
϶ˡ
Уһνͬ硣
ӿµǣλͷӣӲںݺӣ˵͵Ϯ͵Ϯ޳ܵúܡ
һѪƳ飬ճ̫ѡ
תĹӰͣģսΣǳһɭ仡ȡ׼˷򣬻һ̣ؼɶȥ
ʱ׷ԴݼȴǲܷڰգǻܶϢ



1434 ƥ£
ԶԶģֳԶĽɫӰӸоЩԾˡ
֪Լûб֣ĺȴôҲѹֲס
޲ÿٽһЩ׷ʲô顣
˭˽սĺۼ͸ɭɱĪǡĪǡ
һ˿Ȼ
üȻ֦ͬжһȴصġ
ǵϢᴫ˶֪С֪
ԣ¼Ҳֻܿ¡
Ҳû취飬ﵽʲôʵ磬ʲôųŮҲһ
һƿ֮󣬰䲼һϵеĹ׼򣬿Ȼһɣʵȴͬһһ㡣
ŵȽ϶Źƶȡƺͽƣẉ̂
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ƾ΢˫벢֮£öüͬһֻһ㣬ѳ̰˻̬֮˿ɵ
ҲԺԼϵΪκһִɣñãʱȴЩˡ
ΪȨʵ̫ߣ鶼ڹˣʱ£ȫȥ
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ճǰݳ࣬ҲԼĳ
ʶ㡣
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ǶԸɹõĻϣûг£Ǽһһᱩߣɾ͵ó¡
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ƾӦȴ֪λԼսεˣźεȿֲǱ಻Ϊ֪ĵơ
˺ƤʱԿĻһ˭
ԭվһᣬҲǿм׺ճ뿪ķ׷ϡ
ǾƺʲôҪЩ

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УҰá
ճȴ⡣
Ҳ۾쿴һס˿Ѫɫʵڰ֮£һϡɼĵӰ
ٶȼȿΡ
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ܸӦأճǿʵʲôǿ͸Ԫ񾳽磬һսɡ
йǧҽɾ͵Ľ
ս֮ʱòʹԼȫ죬Ҳ˷֮ǰ㣬ű߶Ԫ㿳ҵ򵥴ֱ
ڹǧ䣬ʵ齻Щûе£ȫòš
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Ȼ粻ͬսʽͬҲ̸˭˭ӡ
ͬʱ߱ƣӳػ˵۾
ӹãأͬڴϣԵˮʻһīۣçç֣ɽ롣
ճһȥͼԶϹ졣
һԼӰڸߵ֮ϣɫĵ۴ʱЩң¶Щ˪ѩļ
Ů̬ʮ䣬һ˫紺ɽˮΣ֮УԾɴһԶɡ
͸ģֻƣ
ħɽˡ
ճͣ½Ų齣ʣݳ࣬˫Ŀԡ
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࣬ЦԺ쳾
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ȻһЦ˵ѣֻüëһʵֻһ㣬ǼȻʮ֮ãΪһγ˹ϣѵǵζҲû˰գ
̬Ȼĺӣɫ裬ƺѾ˶־
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ķһٽ֮ٱͷβ׷ɱһһҹľ;ƿݡ
ʱȻƽȴǺɽɱˡ
ˣƾǿʶԼޱȵħɽôҲܱɽ߲ȥ
ͷ̾һ΢΢һ٣ɱԻҡͷֻһˣҲûʲô̬뱾֮УٶаɸۣԶüҲ𣬷һΣ
ͷ˵˵ţ̾һ˭һͽأ
ʮ֮䣬ɱʦʵ֮ǿɮҲηš̨ɣ˵ܷģ
Խ˵ԽҧгݣԾһ
һΣɱᡣ
üλǰȫ֪
Ȼ￴ҪʵϣֻҪڣλž޵ͽܣˣΪһ塣
ܽλɹնɱ̨ɣǸаΪһɢɳ⴦üɡ
ʱԶ٣ǿʵɿ


1435 ޼ɣϣ
ﵽԪ׶εĽޣаᱻ𾴵ĳһɳײ˺Ƥ֡
ⲻΪ֮ľ񵭣ϲΪЩûаա
Ԫ飬˼壬Ԫԣɱ
Ǽһѹƶ֣ԷߣǿԵġ
ԪΪǧݣڷ֮Ӵܣʩֵַ׷ǲѡ
ҲΪ˶Ըһüɳλ˵ԭڡ
仹һλԪ۷ɼŮɣҪ˶Էһ
ľͺɱˣͷҲļֻǲֶΣΧɽ
ߣʹɱ֡
˴ʱҪҲѾˡ
νʮǿͷ֮ǧҩȡ¾Ӣɴ֮𣬴֮ϴġ
֮ñνǬޱȡ
ʹӰ޹⣬˿Ϣ
Ŵ˵ȱ֣Ȼġ
ͷӻһ䣬ǰԾĿһ˿һɳɱء
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ֻһ˲䣬Ƴɫǡ
ͷ­⵴֮У΢΢һһӰֱն£á
ǣ˭ҲܰǶá
Զ۵ƣǶڰļ˫۾ʱȫסǰһĻ𶯡
ͷѾ¶һ˿Ц⣬΢΢ű⣬޷Զ˫ƺʲУϷķɢ
ӷ𣡡
ոճڣͱһ˻

ͷǱݵ׶ȻŤһ֮޶˶˳һ޵׹⡭
׹ʢ֮ʱһʹĽ⻮ƿռ䡣
ʦˣαظϾɱ
ն֮󣬾һ
ˮһ㣬黯ʵзһһ³Ӱеֽɫǰ
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ϺȻƣ޷ıһնΣΪһҶ澭Ѫ١
̲סͽг
ոոϵͷ˾Լ۾
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ⲻԼǰ֮ʱ龰ֿռ䲨Ƶӿ
Ҳ԰֮ʱǲƭùʦģ֮ʱͻΣҲֺס
ɻ󣬰˼ѽ⣬ȴ˲ȥ˼Ϊλ˲˼飿ǰͻȻ˱仯
νⱻ裬֮ٴʧͷӱնҲǻҷƮɢ
ճЦһ̾Ϊó͵ϮĿͷӣѲúܡ
һѷסҡҡ׹΢΢ȻֻоԷбйĹ̹̣ȻѾ˵ʱЩվ̫ȵˡ
һıһԪȥճʦĪնϺУˡ
ûõģҡͷһЩҲ֪˵Լƻ˵ʲô
ղնɱǿͷӵıҶʱ϶ѾʹҲұ˳ˡ
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ճҡͷʧЦнâǣֳצһץУˮץһԼ͸Ĺ⽣
ԼߣԾݡ
Сӣݵò񡭡
Ǳɽ֮дܻһȣͻȻɢȥΪһƬмֱӰ١
һɼ磬ΧճＲת
ճ̧ƿһۣͼһѪۣ䶯ţѿ̾ǺýΣҷ񣡡
÷ӵһȻԶֹСˡ
Ըվȵͷнɫһֱܰգתһ
һĹâͬбգ˽ƣ
âһ֣
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УȴǳһӰͷɮ£üĵơ
ǿͷӡ
ճһնٲߣһ졣
ҫֱϣз쳹գһӰ֣Хײճ˻µķն
嶾ɽ㾹Ȼ嶾ɽ
һ䣬콵
Ǳɫͬһն䣬ͷӵνɢһȻûеסֺѱɢԪ
ͷ­ն䣬ںУͰ롣
ɢ˷ȥһʹмź⴫Сӣһ󡭡
Զ
ճɫһ䣬ظɣгһ񣬾ͻó˿Ľǵذܺɨ
ţϽⱬǣһɫ⣬ԭǻһ㣬ڽ֮ϡ
ÿһ˿һɷ
â̻ӳ֮Եʮֹ죬󷢶ҧɢĹ㡣
ˣԵҺܣ
Ӧ
ԶԶͻȻ⻪ǳһӵء
мų֣һɹ֮ķ䡣
ˣ
һɲԶ͸ֳһŰƮƮɵŮˣϽ⾧Ө͸
ûУʦ嶯볾ݣǳüʦµıطùûˡ
ɫ˳ЦһΣʦ岻ʧбʧΪԪѣҪ㵽ȥչؿޣ֪ܲ޵û



1436 ޼ɣ£
ãͬʦ屻ңͲȥֻ֣һԿţ
ǰŮ΢΢ЦȡЦɻ
Ҵ򲻹ҶӲȡЦ
ûа㲻˼ȥҲûʲôôǼһﻹеûóء
Ů˾ǽӵҶͣŵĳǶı⽣Ůɣϵõġ
ǲ֪ΪҲڴ˵أǿ֣۲ԭƣԾպֹ
ҶͿսתİˣǲ֪ˡ
Ѿչֳʵо壬˵ʵ˵ģǰ˵жǿ
ʮվһ΢΢һĽ
ǽӵҲ˵ӣǲǿԺˣ
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嶾ɽ֣ʲһС
ĵ֮ȴˡ
ôһԿţɲһõʱ
οԼһȫʵĵطźöʩȡ
͹ôһᣬܸоʦϢ˼֣͸һ˿ഹĻζ޷˿Ҳķ˪
λͬذɣϷѾ̨ɽŻҪ֡
ʴ˿ȥһɼǿճ΢΢ŽɨܣŶǵѹ
Юʤ֮ô
ŮһУһ͸ʹĳǰҪԶݡ
תͷЦʵãһô
ƻûػĴһ֡
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ŸˣռһϷඡ
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ģмλһԲȻȥ
ճһ仰˵ЩһԿϷаˣȻҶͣתߡ
ԶԶģһλʿģ꣬ɫû˵
˺ô磬СŮʮ壬ͷӣ̨ɶ¡һŮõ˳
ֻŷۺɴܿ£ӿţһҡ˹üۼȫ֮ɫ
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ճƽ޲ϣͻȻһ˿Ц⣺ûзųЩͷӣҾ㡣
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ɴŮɫУвӿɴ֮Уʮ˿ӭǣһգۼͱʮ˸ͷճ̡
һͻóŮͼһĶơ
СճЦһ
һ
ҫĿܾͳֻԻͽ⣬һţžŰʮһ
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ֻһ֣ͽƣնѿռ䡣
ʮ˿ͷһһŹǷۡ
ŮӼž˱ܣȴͽͣһʣ˾ͱء
ӡ
ʿģֳֺ«ֻǳ嵽һ룬;ͣ
ŷŮڽ֮𣬿޺һ˫ѪĿճŭΪ˺ݶ
ݶ𣿡ճЦһҲֱ磺˵Ǿǰɣŵĺ«ӦԪ«ɣ籶Ӧþ̫ˣԪʦνãȴ͵ȥĻ󶷽оû⡣
˪ҧгݵϣճѾǰλһ˲ŵ굽Ǻηˡ
˿༫Ϊ˵꣬ȻʣѹֻŮΪȡԼ
ϧȴǲ֪
㲻ߣͬ׷ӱŽҵǰң᲻ǰƬҵɣٲ²£϶᲻õıԲԣ
ճЦûһҲûںǰǺ̰⣬ֻǿɫ˿ޡ룬̫ޣԺпͷԸѵ֡
Ҳ֪ǲǳԴҩˣĸԼأ
ҶҲҡͷųоЦôһЩϲʵΪƾűܸıһУ㿴͸
ǰһò̾׷ϲһ㣬Ҳף߰ɡ
˵꣬ٲͷһ⣬һʽ⣬գ۾ʧߡ
֮УиУͷȥͼԶһȻ졣
Ƭȵض΢΢ľɽʯ
ȵУվԭк«һᰵʿ֮УǱѪ
ʬ޴档
ճһ죬Ǳġ
ֽ뱳֮У˿ǰһƬѪЦֻбû㹻ķƶûоֻһӶѣ㲻˭
̧ͷԶȥ⣬޵üʵǵӢҲȷӣƣҾȻ᲻ֵ˼
ССôп㻹ϧ᲻ö˼ҳˡϴһЦȴ
ʱҲվסˣббڲݵϣϢŵĿ˹ɫҰܣüȫ


1437 ңϣ
ССôп㻹ϧ᲻ö˼ҳˡϴһЦȴ
бüë΢ɫȻҰܣ΢΢ȴһݵ̬ﻹ˿˿Ц
ȸģΪͬ
ҲѾʱ޶֣࣬Ҳ˼ɡ
ûյһЩ롣
緢չɣѩޣǱȵȡ
ճһʹ
ǵõЦӯӯţΣüݲ㣬£СԪ澭Դ㣬պҲɣȡȥ֪Σ
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һ̣ӦڳԼҼƻΪһܵóԸ
ȴûյҰֻ֣˿˿į
ֻǲĵİɡ
ճš
Ĭǰɽȥ
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ճۿƼ֮£ͿˣһŽ
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ͽߣЩûһ˵
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ԼԼ֪̫Ρ
λӱΪüһŮɣɲ˵˵ѡ
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Σɽ֮󣬾ʹźҩ뿪Ʋȥɡȫɢˣʾüɲ׷ᡣ
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߶߶˵һͨճϵֱԽԽ
ţԽ˵ԽСૡ
һЩͺˡ
оƣ룬ЪһЪ߾ʹһ仰ȥ
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ǼͻȻ˷ơ
ǣɫһ䣬ȥͼһµСƿյԼǰ
ƿн׵ҺҫһͬөĽɫ㣬㲻ֺͣ£ͬлİء
ǧ֥Һԣֹǧ꣬Ѿ컨׹龰ǧ깦㾹˱ҩ
һϲȼ𻨣Ŀһճ
ͽԽԽˡ
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Լķֱˡ
ΪѾǳ֮飬óı
ǧ֥ıҺЧ֮󣬱֥Ҫβ
˵ô໰Ԫģ˺ˣô˵С
ճЦЦҲش𣬰ƿս촽һ¾͹˽ȥ
Ҫ
һû˵꣬͸о˿˿ҺֱǸȻůڵ֣֫ٺɨȥ
Ӵһ㣬ӿȡ
ǿġѵĳЩʣһ㲹ꡣ
֮һ˿죬˪ķ˿Ҳںڷ
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̾˿ֻһ֮еȫ̾ˣճһۣĿʮָӣ˵ȫ˷ˣʦû˵꣬ҩãȴûõģβҵԪơŵĹΪأƽ⡭
ϵת֮ѺתǱ컯֮˵ıѾûѪۣ»ָչϸ
ͷνնĻҲʧ
ǣȻȻ޹⣬ûǰ㡣



1438 ң£
ճһ㶣üͷ
ƣڸоˡ
ǰһҲΪԼ鶴֮лһ֥ɡ
뵽ϴԼ֥ҺǿҩЧʮ㣬Ϊʦ˶صƣܾȻ
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ңķһǧԴ˸֥ɲӪûоʲôᡣ
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ճġ
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ΪʮɷĹĵãҪݾתתʵֻҪǧҡ
˵⼸սѾ㹻ֵݹǰ·һƬ̹;
ʱһǧȡ֥Һճ̣˵Ǽٵġ
ǣֵˣԺ󻹻нʣʦ˿ɾҲ
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ǣԴͽԼĺܲԳƵϰ˳ˡ
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Ŀ⵭Į䣬ƿ͸˼Ǩ
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⣬ްء
ϾϸСëˢˢϴţһĵӿ֡
ɫڵһ¾ͺˣûһڸʲô
ҿʦ
ҪĿһճϵĺ飬һְֻǹظо
飬ɨ衭
ճﲢû뵽ôࡣ
ԼÿóͻᱣһּȵĮ侲һУһֲ˼ķʽ򿪡
ƽ￴ⲻ˵Ķʱȫϸš
ԼδϸСƬεĿ
ԭˣԪ˥࣬ԭ򣬶ΪʲôˡѾָ֥ҺȻô
ǣʦԪȴǸһ㡣յ֥Ѿһɹ֮ɵתͷѹƱԪ
ճһͣ۵Ĺƣꡣ
Ǵ۽ˣΪֻҪ׳ԴӦһơȴϣľѲĹⲻϸ𣿡
ϸʲô
ͷˮǿͷգװµʵȴǴ΢΢ԼȻδ
а취ˣʦ벻صģֻҪſȫϣʦĸ֮ҲǲƳ
ճһʱ˵˳ڣҲ֪ôͰ֢⣬ֻܳ⡣
֪Ҫôǰˡ
һ֮ȴǱȿͷӵνҪ࣬䷨Ѿ漰˷Ӧãͱ﷨Ԫ׶εԪһΡ
һԪٱҩҲֻΪ˼ѡ
׵ľ͵ǹɷɡ
ѹ˾Ͳƻת
ʦĸҲֻǹУ֮󣬾ͳߡ
Ҳ棬еһ𣬾Ѿһˡ
ڿͷӺ׷ɱȻΪϺв֪еء
Ҳ֣ÿһ˵ĶŹʵ˽Ǳı죬Ϊ˵
ķǵ¸صǰŮɣ֪Ĺ˴Ҳ顣
ԣ˵Լܡ
Ψ֮ˣů֪
ϼһҺ֪ôԸ֢Ҳֻܴ޲ߡ
ճһת֮䣬е
磬֮ΪҽȻ˵
ʲôѲ֢ۼ˼·֮֮㲩˼
ڰִ֢ûαķһЩƺͻƵַ޷Ǿɱϸ
˼·Ȼȡ֮ճҲʹá
ֻҪɱԪ֮еķȻǲҩ
ʦſһ֣
ţ
Ȼ֪ճ˵ʲô˼ſȴˡ
һ԰ɡ
Ȼ̫ͽκãճекͳϿңܾĻôҲ˵ڡ
΢΢˫Ŀſȫ
Ԫϡ
ճĿ
һɫС˴ĶһԾüһ˿Ȼüڣֻһˡ
⻪ת
ճǰһڣ͸оǻء
˵һƬçç֡
УںڵƲѹ£һʹ
˷Ƿ賤Ĳľ֦Ѿ糤һŽʲʱʱĻóͷ͸ɭ̹â
ǴһƬˮ̶ԱߣһӻƵ۵ͷڵŮӣϥüĽ
Ůӿȥֻۣ߰С˫ְڵһ״
һɫ粨ưɢγ͸֣ס֦Ϯ
֦ţԽԽСŮӵҲԽԽСֻǹһᣬѾģ
ͻȻŮԽһͳһӰͦΣϼᣬ̬Ϊ͡
ճԪ֣ǵʶ֮С
գֻҪٵһʱ䣬ʦԪоͻᱻһգȻصӤʱڣֱʧޡ
ʱȱҲѲ棬ֻһ߿տǣҲ͵ˡ
ճָɽɽ⣬ӭһͱ档
Ҳɣ˿һն˳ȥ
꣬ۡЩ֦֮ϡ
䣡
ռ΢΢һ֦Ҷ
Уͱһ㣬ɫǵе
ȫ֦Ҷ˰㵹
ȻϢת
ճ䣬֪ƾԼԪ񾳽磬ʵڲԶԸ˾棬Ǿֻˡ
תͷȥͼŮһ˿Ρ
ʦԪ񣡡ճ˵ͷԪâһͻһ뵽Ԫ֮С
ң㡭
ӡţ˼顣
һĿд𣬸żƬһһ룬;׼


1439 ʱ˿Ϊ飨ϣ
ʵɽ壬۾һ
ҶˣʱҶƬƮƮ䣬ɽ͸ľ
һŶƳȹͦεŮڷŽӰ䣬ӳյɽֶ˼Ѥɫ
ԶλĸߴݸӲˣϥɽ֮ϣпХС
һ꣬ΪԻĸף̨ɡΪʲףûԪʦϲһڣƱȼͽܻҪһЩ
ɲ꣬ؼȷ̣ĵճɣҲ˻Ԫʦ檡
Ȼֻһݡ
Ϊսչ̨ʦӣ֮䲻󷲼򸾣Ůá
Ҳһ꣬Ŀڽ˶Էʦ֡
˵ٱɵ˶ýһʦʦʲôģʵ˭ûһ¡
Ϊ̨Ԫʦ˵Ǹһɱ˵ˣΪ£ʵྴסԪԪƣָһֱš
һԭǾΪ˵һ㣬ûʲôϣµӶûжپη
ȻҲںЩҲˡ
ȥˣ̨ԽԽµҲԽԽ࣬ԭأΪһɡ
ҵˣìܣķҲͻ
ٽķսۣԵԪʦһţ;
Ժ̨ɾѩһ߽⣬µ˭Ҳ˭ʹɢķǰ̡
ټɱһɢɳҵҲ˹Ϸֵˡ
󣬾ֻﻹǵλ縸ĻԪʦ
˾һҪɶԷԸĴڼŶһЩԴħɽĴѰϳ˵ĵӡ
Ըһǰ̨ɷչȥ
һǱüΧԪʦ֮𡭡
ȻʵҲֻͽ͡
ܶȥˣһֱĻǵͼıĳЩ飬ʵʲôɹҲûС
ֻķ֮ʱҲһЩԵΪϵһЩͬԶüĻ޵ŸˣԼ
ҲЩϣ
ԪƬεֲ԰ף˺ٵһЩ棬ʱ䶼ɴ޷
ƬΣһɽʯϣƺĪ¡
һӿ飬ճֻоԼԪͬůȪˮ֮У˼š
ΰ֮У죬Ъ䡣
ػ㱽ҿһɴԪȻ죬ƿһȷյĴţǰһƬã
֣ԼѾɢǧǧϸС㣬뵽˹֮У֤±ǨԺɣ
ԪֻѾͻƵ˷Ԫ׶ˡ
ô£ѹʦǰ쳣Ԫԭǽɰ˽Է̽ҪĻĵĹͨ裬ĥ
糱ˮӿĿϮճУһЩȻһѹ
ʲôԪϣԪ˫ޣ
ˣŪ¼ôճճпࡣ
ʲôûˣֻƺԼʼΪʦ֮ʱһֱǿƣûиʲôܾء
ҩԪ壬ֱںϡ
ⶼʲô°
ҺԪ񲻻죬ҪȻ޵ˣȻҪѧϣԼǼʶЩ㣬޻˵
ҺײһЩջоǰδеǿӦܹӦǰ֡
˲ö룬ճǿͷļ¶һյоͳĽ⡣
ÿһâһǿһ㣬˼ս
âΪϸϸ˿ߣʲŷ졣
ֻһ𣬾ͻһŽɫըƬԪռ䡣
¡¡ĲҶ˳ո˵ǰһƬз籩ӭȥնϡ𵴡ڡ
ڷԪԪ񾳽֮£ճԼĽ־ࡣ
ʱһ㣬ÿһ⣬˶壬ã΢
ЩʱûָЩ⣬ݱ䣬ÿһι̺˱
ĤſԽԽ
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ƭռչçç־类ԭһһ㣬
һƬƬڻңǵľӨԪ£
ϹâţѾģݣٳš
ֻǹһᣬͱʮ꣬ʮ߰꣬ʮꡭ
վճ󣬵ʹͷ΢΢һԣ޷˿޷Զס棬˿ʲô顣
һ㣬컯Ȼ
ճʱϾģֻоֱɢ֮ڻҽһ
ãǳסһƬҰ
֦ţϽĽ֡
Ĵ޷ķĿ컯֮ˣҪҪʮɷ֮˵Ļ»˵ʦԪʶ
ճֿʼ
ʮɷǼΪ׶ģ̺ڽ֮У˺̫ǿ
ʦŲסɻңͷҲԪӡֱʮ֮һԪѣǴˣɷֲѡ
ڳ֮䣬ͻȻ֣ԼĽɫԱߣͻأһƬɫԣŽɫ׹ĵҲͬʱ⵴ơ
ϵۡ
ΪΪһ壬Ǭ
ɫâ϶Ϊһƴǡ
УƬ⣬Ҳ֧šֻǶ˶٣ͻ̳
ನɨƬռ䣬˷ȫֲù㣬ҹеķǡ
ռһɽ¡𣬺װ䡣
εʢ۵裬ૡ
һƬ⣡Ԫռָˣոɫʦ֡
ճﻶϲ֪˴˴󹦸ɣھȻ
ԺոͷЩɻ󣺡ôҲ˽ֶֻΡ
ͷȥͼʦﶨԼʮֹŹ֡
ճﰵвã͸оƨһʹľ͵ǰӰãȴѾ֮С
Ȼ߳ˣճ۾Цá֪Լ˴̫ͻҲ˵æڴ˾Ӫ꣬ӦһЩղأȥ



1440 ʱ˿Ϊ飨£
üëΣյͽܱӰҪڽס޲һ١
һΪԪʲôʽȫûз»ôˣ
죬Ļߣȴȥ
֪ΪΣͻȻǰԷǺὣǰΣɫը죬ƬƬҷ
ţϾ˺⣬̾һҲ֪ΪʲôϾӴʱ䲻ֻǵΪԪϹɡ
ţһЩĵսȥ
ݹأԪ˫޿Էµ򣬶аȻûдҾȻõྫԵĽͻƽһĵزĸ򡣡
Ϊ֮Уֳֳɱ龰أƺǾȷѪսѵǰڽç֮д
߾ϸĻ룬Щɻ󣬿ɸȴǻϲ
ˣȻʮΣչǺ¡
ΪǸ
Ҫ˵ǿսΪҪҪһ㡣
ϾֻҪʺãһ޵ĳ磬սȴġ
˷֮УһߵöԶǿõԴ͹ǿöã˵ܲܵסħϮͶɹľ١
гüϵھΪ佣ǿɽ֮ʱûа
˫֣΢ΪģӲİľɢ
ʦռͽܵıˡ뵽̲סЦˣҲ̫
ʦ뵽ʲôЦˣһҵˣ飬һƿԪ޼
ճЦе˹ϲɫݹ
ʿ֪һ̨ɵزˡ
鵱ڻԪʦľ͵ߵĶ٣мֵĳ̫޺Ԫ«飬̨ɵĴиڡ
ȡһԼĲȻҲȥ飬ֻЦǡͨ澭鸱ᣬŰɡ鸱඼ǻԪʦ޵ʮħţֻͺãĶѧ
ճ񲨹һ
ķֱ֣ӳƺԪʦٲǰƺʦ֣߽ŻԪҲһЩƽʹݣֳѹ֡
ӦǷһЩʲô
Ҳáת˼ȴǴİɣҲȥѧģͨ澭¼ǰӡ΢ûʱϤͨ鸱ͲҪˡ
ܸӦõﾪϲеճ
ǰӡʼ˹۲׺һˮҪݱԴǡд壬һţкˡ
ճһһ˵澭ת֣ٶԼ
ԼԺ󣬶Ԫֻطа
Ȼûϸȴ֪˴ջָǰ·
۷ֱףһͷˮ
Ȼ̾ɫճһ㶣Сʵʦ򲻵
ҲɣҸӦĻԪʦҲӦֻľ޳֣һЩ·ˣŻԪ澭ţʵȴ̫մôܸ洫ӡأ
￴ճŹһ㣬ȴûʲôͼʣüۼ価ϲɫ
صͽܵļЦΣ̨ɵĹԺͽˡҪúϰҵմ淨ռӣݺݵĽѵüɡ
ãôԸüճҡͷ
뱲ӶΪ±ԶüѾΪִ
ⲻƸոպתôж
üһҲϷŹǣǲԸŹǡΣ͹ɶڶüĵλһΣͷӽԪѣ𶯶ü֪أƲܿܲȫˡ
İʦҵôΪȫĲǶԷ⣬ԼʵƲǳţ˭ҪҴ⣬úúõ񶷽ڼ
ò˵ﱼЩôģһ㣬ճóϡ
ĴȻ˸˼һЩ˲δӦȭ
Σǣ˶üɵĴ󲿷ʵټϴа˫Ѿֽ֮ƣ»жƲ⣿
ͲºԺ
ԣźͿͷӽػһΣҺͿˣѾۼ˲أüѲġҵȥһ䵱ʯСǷһ飬ðҲܱһΣҿôͷ
Խ˵Խ˷ܣ־ʯ鱻аħ׽ȥ¯֮ʱ־˶ԷһʱȭҲǿѡ
ճһеİ֮
ʯ䵱Űİӣ䵱߽øһǳһѰ
䵱Դʦ֮󣬾峤ڧѴǰִ֮ԸɴδԿ
ΨһǵǣλͬΪɣڶų֮̈䣬Ƚƫڶü
£˵䵱ӳֶԸüȷһ塣
£̾ס𼱻ǵҪ뿪ֲ˼ĶճΣͽˣҴȥþͻǶüɴֻܶ㿪ǡ
˵ЦԼⶣҲǶࡣλͽܿɱԼıöֻ࣬۸ˣû۸ġ
һȣճסһĨóһʹڵʲʦ̫ɣٱ͵ϮˣȻüɲô򣬵չáԪ«ˣħֶиͣһ£Ժװ
ճʵҪ«ġ
뱩¶Լĵƣֻøһ¡
һᣬճ֣Ȼӹ̫ޣ˳һģһʹ֣û˵ңҲҪСĵ㡣ԺñӲӷɽ̫࣬ˣһһʲôŹֵķĽ
˼䣬Ҫ뿪ͣ˵ʲôֲ֪ô˵ڡ
ǸǸ
ճЦˣ˵ʦİɣǰԪϵ飬Ҳ˵ȥġ
㰮˵˵һ¾ͱ߳һתߡ
ӹһϹ磬ֱ죬ȥԶˡ


1441 ıϣ
ѾŻɽʮڣľһСѩ
ϡİ⸲ɽ嶥ϣĿԶʮŷ崦ͷ
ƬƬƾնһЩ⡣
ɽ䣬üŻȴȻů紺ޣˮ̲
̨ͤ¥֮УŹʣݳš
ʱͨնҪ󲢲̫ߡ
˻Ϊͱ׺֮ʱЩܹɼҶ֮УǸһЩӻʵҲҸ顣
ղһǣæŻƵˣ϶һЩȫͷĬĬɻ
˵֮ʱҲý֡
³ʲô󣬱˸ɽȥͲˡ
ֵѹγֻһԭǾǶ˵鲻̫á
֮Уŭִľ
Σɽ˽Ǵδ

һ׷Ŀͷ˵
ƶ£һ˺δüλѾһж
ͷһλǰİ׹Ҳһλ
ɽϵݣҪʵݳǱа񣬽ӭɸˣ֮£ƫǸвסӣ½Ϊ
һ飬ı˲Ǿ˾Żɽ
׼ȷ˵ɽ
Сͽ飬һЩжˣҪˣһǿԮƲģơ
׹ɫ˵Ż鲻ôá
Сͽָ˾ͽƽ
˵˾ͽƽĸ˾ͽǰ׹ѩĵͽܣȻΪϳɽţʦͽϵôҲϵġ
ˣǿຢһСͽﵹҲ˵ùȥ
üľƺˣ˾ͽƽ⣬Ǻǣ
λҪȹľ٣˳ɾຢĻԵ
ŮʱѾ˻ɽһ㣬üͰźˣ͵ʵʩһƻ
ʱյüλɣ˽Լöüٴ׳
ΪӪԶ
ôҪ飬üɶ֮һİ׹ݵȻԶš
ʱȴΪ·ƣΪոմϢ
λɫ䣬ȻӺݴüȴĵһ˿⡣
˿ŵĲϼʦ̫Ͱ׹Ƶˣҡͷʦַ٣Ԫӻض鷳ɾʹˣʱҾͲôͬǶֵġһɹòҾƣô
üӴ󣬺Ҳá
ǰˣ͸и㣬ҪʲôһǱִ򲻱䣬ϸڷǴ
һΣͷʱ׼֣˵ķǲ֪ġ
Ͼŷˣš
˵ڶüеĵλķͿͷӣһҲҪò
ϼʦ̫ɫÿҡͷһţ˴ʱѾ޷ͷҵһֱ֣ɽƲвԽԽٵȥ¼Ӧԡ
ɣһԿڵֱӹɽţӰ̫áǰƲҲûʲôȴвͨġ
ƵɫǣԼĸױ˵ĳȥ
ʲôǾĲ˵ˡ
ţΪ˵׹ݰһо˸
ʵͬϼʦ̫˵Ļ
ֻҪиֱӴݻ̨濪սʵһܺõİ취
֣ȴǺټҲ޷
ȻƽȴǳȣӲ޵ķʸ
Ȼô˵ӦʲôΡ
򾲾ţʱҲЩί£ҲԼŮô˵
ֻвϼʦ̫ɫÿ鱻ֱӲ⣬ûбֳҲЩġ
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Ҳϼʦ̫شƼ˵µĲǾжжǿıԡ
죿
ϼʦ̫йâһͷͬСӵȷ֪ʲô幦¶ûв˵ûʱʦֵνȫһĽĺѶԸ
ȻԸ⿴ͬɽƲʹѹ춼һ̧ͷЩʱǵóʵ
٣ԼûаտԶԸ˶Է
׹ЦˣзƣƲֻΪʵǿѣѪħᣬǱƵö֮Уҳ¡
ԲҪ˵⣡ʱҸϵɽʱοԼʦΣ֣Ȼ˼һࡣֱһ̣źȻһնɱ˿ʦıҶ
뵽ʱ龰һ䣬ͣ²ԡ
֮⣬ȫס
Լͬľȥ˼׶ԷĿˡ
ĵһߣȴȻİ£˼棬жƻ
ѣһֱɱ
ԣȷ£Ϊвһ顣
ȻƵĻﻹһ˼˵ֱ̫ס
ܹһ͵Ϯͷӣôüмܷס͵Ϯ㡣
նɱıҶĿǿͷӵһûзأǱһնɱˡ
ǿᣬɱΪĿĲֶΣ͵Ϯʧݡǲ̡ܹ꣬
ˣֻҪһӴĺѰˡ
һˣޱ߷ˡ
ɫƿЦӦöˡ
ʵҲԼܿñǰֻԹѡ
ԼĸڣϰԵԸĿ⿴º֮㣬û㹻ӣͷϢͬҲˡ
ΪӴʦһбҪ˵˵͸



1442 ı£
ڣλǰҪƾЩˣôҲġˣһĶԸü󱲵ӣҪô죿
򵭵ıڱˡ
ϼʦ̫ҪҲû˵
ȫпܰ˼ҵɻˣñ˳Ϊ¼ҹˣӽȥ
Ȼ󣬾ͻܵɽţ͵Ϯ
ͷӶסİϮɱһӣֻ
ԣҪԸƲֻɡɵġ
ܽ
ҲǶüһֱ
ҪԸһˣȵѰ˵֤Ȼ£ƵöԷ޷ӱܣֻӦս
ʱſʩΪ
ĬһᣬͻȻڵҸðɣ׼¶Ҫ֦ˡʦ֣˾ͽƽﵹǿжһǿսȡá
ţͷ˼롣
ղƵķͻȻеʶʶһǸˡ
˵ôҵǺˡ
һᣬ;ǻǱԭҪΪá
Ʋǵ֮
ϧ˿ʦ֣鲻̫ðˡ
̾Ϣ
ǻδɳһһ֣ʹ׽⣬˺ܶ
˼䣬ʹһһҪұ𰡣ЦУЦ

ɫ䡣
۵ľӣһֱߣʲô顣
һȱ˳ȥ۾ͼ˽
Ѫ׵ͷһ㣬ֱۣɫ԰ףġ
Ǳ÷Ž붴ġ
ûѯʣ÷͵ȥƲˡ
ˣ
ϵ˵ʣһûЦС
ν
ǰӰһ׹λζ͵ߣֶŵضϽ
Ͻпڲβ룬Ž֮ɫ׹˿˿Ծܲһ˿˿׶ɷ
ͷһνţʮָ
νݵľѱ˷֣նϽˡ
ҪնνѹԵĹ˽֮תԪĻᶼûС
Цôˣ
׹ЩѾ뵽ĳܡ
նɱˣʬ޴氡ȫɻҽ
ޡ
Цѣʦֵ֮ڹϵõһԸҲͶ
һ֮ʱ˵޷죬ʲôʲôҲûгԹ
һΣЦҪһճ֮
νܹҲѷ֣ԷôҲҪһ
͵ϮһͱԷ֡
󲻵
Цнɻҡ
ȫˡ
˭ȥ鷳ģҲ˵ȥƲµ𣿡
ȥŭʵ㾿ҪֵʲôʱһκЦУˣ
ƽȻƤһЩʮףҲûгʲôصĺ
ԭܼ򵥣Ƕüƽһ˵ıӡ
ɮ濴棬Σ˶øüɼӡ
ʵЦеҲһ
һЩǰͷܡ
ûа취Ըǿͷüǿ󣬱ǲ
βһɹñͷνˣڻ֪ûȻһνȥ͵Ϯǹϵ̫ˡ
ڳһһϣԴ߸˵һˤڵء
ȵԽԽûзִˣЦУôȥʦˣ̧ȥ󶴣˼
˵ɨһۺϣһ˿ʧɫ
һѪ˫ãȻѹֿ
û뵽ĸҲûаοԼͷ̻Ȼ̧뿪֡
ʵڰңҽû˳һնɱԼӣĻܻᷢ衣
Ϊ³ȣû뵽ҲԼһ֣ȫơ
ˣ治䣬ѹһֱ
üҵֶΣ°㲻ˣ˵ɱɱˣȫȻûа˼ɡϼʦ̫ɫһ䣬ضϽЩݡ
ԣЩҪӳ飬ɱһǧ˰٣ӮҲˡ
ָĵ
ʵͬģʽ
̨ݬ룬ʲôֱȥռס˲źж
սʲôõĽ
ϵӰɣȻȶ֣µβҲҪʰˣӢʵ
Ӣ˵ͽܣǶüӢΨһԣʲ
üǰҲǼԺ
ؼǣΪķֶ
ͷӽɱԼΨһıͽܾͱնɱˡ
ôķȳ֣᲻Ҳ
ƲλʦȻѪѪӣͻʵʩ
ʵӢû̫ķ֮·ʤ
׹ɫҲӢǺӴʱѾȥݳǱа壬ʦһ𣬶Ը¡
һܰɣʱ䲻Ҫй©١üͷһԼŮ
ʱŷ֣ǰϼʦ̫ʵ̫ףûгʧ׼
ǽơϼҲ⡭뵽һϣܹ¡
׹ҲǸõӷǿͨĪ⣬ֻپͿɷڣ֮£Ķ֡
ңλǰУϵúܡֻ֣ҪҵһõĳɣʦͽԾӦȥġ
˵ͷλǰŮɵʵͬġ

ճֱ֮ԼͻƲ
ͨ澭żλ˵洫ӡȴһһϦ
ҸĻúһʱ䡣
¶ʱ仹£꿪Ҫ֡ѾȥһˣбҪԼĸøιһЩ
ÿһʵҪ
תתݻһЩˣĴѰҶնɱЧȵʱˮɡ
ʱֻҪüą̂ǣԼܻôʽʡ
ɲɱܱȵϵġ
û뵽ոջصƲ͵ϮԼ
ճһֶԷνĻֱðʹɱ֣Цնɷɻҡ
ˣֻԽѵһ£û̫֡
ƲƵȷ̫Գܼŭüĺ
ͷ͵Ϯûʲô˵ġ
ЦҲ
ʦծͽռ
ɱһ˵ĶԪĵϣǾȫսɱˡ
üп¶ҪȫƲ
ԣվһ㣬Ϊչȡһʱ䡣


1443 Եϣ
ճ˳ɱЦУ·ϲһֻϣϡ
Щ飬һѾ£ٲӻȥĽüɻǺӦԡ
޷Ǿֽ
һƣͼıƲóֻ£ֶΣٸơ
üһֱó˲żüã㾫΢ҲǷԼĳ
һЯټ֣Ѹײڶ֮ѹƲΧԼʦͽˡ
ôĻЩ鷳ˣ򲻹ֻȱâպз˾ǡ
ȻճжϣüӦûʹһֶΣˮ̬ܵͼı¾ƣ̫ҡ
սҲֻǾֲսóȫսֶΡ
ǾǸڶ࣬ܶùķʿɣ
һֺܺõİ취ʾԼǿ
Ѫܵȴǻ˾衭ΣĺȺ֮
ʱüɱ˵ȡɣ»뵽ս֮ȥ
һ㣬Ϊ
ҲճֻɱЦУŹϵԭڡ
ʱҪܲһȫˣ뻹档
ǲȻĳЩ˲ܲ˷Ͳˡ
սúܿ죬ֻǼ䣬һӡ
ճԶԶĿ˼ɥ֮ȮȥЦЦȻתƲ
ɽϳһƬ֣ĴһƬȲʡ
ʮŵΧһȦмһλӢۼ¡꣬ʷ緢
֣λʦˣ̨ҲǴҵĹͣ˾ͽƽһ˵磿
ʦִԲӣǽħӣùģǼλû취ЩƵǲҪƲӲǴ¡
ԶԣҺ˾ͽʦֳ־ȳʦܽղ֪ԭʦֵĽҿʦҲ˶٣ݺᡣ
ǣ˾ͽʦдģһסƹ񣬽ǰѾưҲԺǶ½ķӾʦ־
˴ܱס׹ȫ̸λɸˡ˾ͽͲǫˡŮʵǲֵһᡣ
˾ͽƽ֣æ˵ҵУһЩ̧ŸɫʳϵɽŮ۵ĿУεı͵˾ͽƽӴ
ຢЦţΣֺǺǵˡ
ճԶԶһᣬŪôһ¡
ԭǾĳλԱٳϪ񣬽˶ˣ񣬻ھҪʮӡ
ħ֮һħӣ;˵أ˳̵졭
ƲŵӵʱְڣǶ֣ò״Ҵɽ˾ͽƽɽ
Щʱգ˾ͽƽճʵٷܱȣɽһԲϾͶ
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佣ɽҲһС
񣬵ȵ˾ͽƽɽ֮ʱƺŻʮȻҲ˲
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ճЦЦֳΣ˹ȥ
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ݼʦ֡
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ճûСӰӣʵҩأ
ƽһֱĬĬվһԣǰҲûô˵ʱӭǰСʦһֱţûгš
ˣɢȥɣΣǺ£ȥԺף𳳳µӰˣڣɲᡣ
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ǼýʦɫôãҲҶ໰
˾ͽƽҾˣʲôɽ񽣣Ŵȥֻ˹ŮҲ˻ȥɡ
ǣʦ֡˾ͽƽɫڨڨæ˴ŮɽȻ¡ڽ޷ɽҲҪԺȡ
λŵӴҲҴΨΨŵŵæȥԺ
ʦڼҸڼңȫһ
ճ˵䣬ͽԼԺӣո£ûüһڲ裬ͼǰӰһ
ҩС˳˽ϲʦֻ
ţɣûʲôĵط
ϰԪһɽƪùĦɽɽƣС
СڣϢƳȻмΪ˳졣
ģԪ侳ӦѾˡȵԪһɣп޵ؾ磬ʱҲһС֡
ԴƲȥߣҲ̫аŸȥ¯
ܺãǴʱ򣬲Ҫˣ˾ͽƽô£
ţ˾ͽƽɽߣʱ̵λʦܡҩµµת˵ʦ֣һֱר֪ԭѦָʹҩ㣬ΪҲԸ⣬Ҫɱˣ˾ͽʦײնѦһֱ۸ɽȥˡ
£
һҾ͹¿ͷứ
Ǹʲôɣ㲻ҩңֵüνûʲôճԪһ͸ӦŮ飬֪Էδ⡣
һһѻҷ
ԵҲһ
ܷλʦ֣ɱѦڵʱöˣ±ϳȥ
ճ豭һڲ裬ҩظ飬ûҩôС۵𣿡
ǣʦǴˣⲻǵλЩӶʮչ˵ġаѦôţ˵Ѿɽ£ǺȾƵʱɱˣ˳նɱˡ
ź
ճҡͷ̾Ϣ



1444 Ե£
ѦɱʲôˣʲôɱճһҲģﵱʱ˵Ļ
ɽ֮ʱΪԼӣ˵̫Ѧ
ǺСԼɱˣǾû취Լܰȥ
ҩ˵Щлճٴαչء
ͨ澭ʱҪ洫ӡ
ңһֽȸУ˷ʱ䡣
ͷʱΪǣķͻȻ͵ϮͻȻȥľٶʮֹѽ⣬ȫ²ʲô
ֿҪٵĸˣճһҲҷɡ
մ˷ľ绮֣λӵľ磬ҪȿͷӸһΣѾ˷ʮֲöԸ
Ԫ񾳽ͻ˷Ԫ飬ҲûаӦָ˵ġ
ϾǰδԹӹѪԵ֪־ֶη࣬ҪԣԼǵÿһźá
ճ˼гͨ澭֮С
˼ԺεεĸͷԪӡ׳š
ǰͻ䣬ǵ˴֮С
ãã̺졣
ճоԼһƬ±Ǩ·بˡ
ţݣһֱ𡭡£ữһƬˮӭϡ
仯ɢڴ֮ϣΪСϪΪӿ۳ɴˡ
ѭ
͸Գһ˿
ǾӨ͸һ⣬ѿƬͬˡ
Ԫһ׳
ճȻ۾һˮ⣬һͻǧǧĹӡң˸ͬǡ
Ƭռ֮Уÿһ΢Сҳģ
Ԫ鸽ȥͿԺɣ߲ʡ
ǰ˵һһ磬һһãֻñƸܸߣʵȴǲ׵ġ
ʱÿһҳɽԵù½룬ƺͺܲˡ
ʼһˮ洫ӡ̫ֻһЩƤëѸıۡԪĽҲ䡭
ճǸжжذء
Ų⣬˼񳱷ӿǶüɻɽ󷨺ųݻʱգһ΢ܻΪһ磬زȫǴꡣ
һ־磬һ˼롣
ԼҲһ·ˡ
ЦЦһŻԪ޼̷ȥ˫ֳۣС
ŶٸУԪĽ׳󶼲УҪ
ֻǸոհʱ޳ѾһŸ߼ҩ
Ҫ޵Ԫ٣ɷ֮Ԫڲ֣ҪԪ׳һ£ʱҪһЩĵرܱ쳵
ʱѾ洫ӡ֪һЩأɷ١Ԫ١٣ÿһضͬСɣԼʱûűߣȴ֪˴ŷ
뵽ҩ飬ճ΢΢һЩ⣬ת˲֮Ժ
ͻͽʱ̣ʱؿ̫ࡣ
Ժ٣ȥı
֮йâһճͬľܣҲûϢ
ֻһƮ
͸â֮УϸСҳ

˾ͽƽ΢΢Щơ
λŵӣǵĽһɽ֮ϡ
ƾ棬ȸ衣
ߴߴɽȸġ
ʱ÷ʱ棬ǻұȽʱȻǳЦұֱš
÷Ǿһϲ˵ʲô˵ܻʹ
Ůտʦ㣬ʵܲģһֱпҡοҡҵĶüҲ̵ġϧɣע޷پһˡٴμ棬Ҳûʲô˵ŽƢܺá
˾ͽƽźɽΪϤһһľһЩꡣ
ЩҰӣһ㶼ڴ˴ĬĬѹ
֪񽣷ʮѾơԪ࣬᲻ʮĽģǻԼۣҪһԼ͡
ţ˾ͽƽЦ
ЩӽõƲλߣѦҲԼնϱ۰ɽȥüͬʱ֪ΪΣ˾ͽƽЩź
ֻǼ䣬ʱѾزȥˡ
ǰ˾ηһ˿⣬ȻЩ
ò˵ɽˣǲģϧʦֲɽϡ
뵽˾ͽƽһЩ⡣
һһɹâóȦȦƣķն
ҵĽôͳƲһɽˣ
ХһХԽԽͬɽ㣬Ʋθߡ
ХΰǰڳΪݻһеĿˡ
ͻأ䣬ֻΪһ˿̲
ͬ峿µϪš
ƽУһɱ
ý
˾ͽƽ轣öһϺ
һŭһ˭
һԾն
ȣޱȡ
˱ôͲ˵޹֮ˣ
һ׷Сͷڴʯ֮ϣһ㣬˾ͽƽľۿͣڰգţôҲá
ǺˣƲҰʦɹ󡣡
˾ͽƽзתԪɫͨ죬ⲻſھ̧ʦ
Ҳ֪ôһ£ǴʦɴȴȻϰԵİʦ䣬ҲЩһֱѹͷĸߴйء
ҲκβϷ򡣸οҲѰƣҪһݺԵ
ͷЦеĵ
ָһۿһأƼ١
˾ͽƽһҪͼǽͣǰȫ
һȥȴһʲôԵҪ˹С𣿡
˵˵ʵ߷֣ôһֻ֣ǰЦ
ɽ֮ϳƲǲϼʦ̫춼ˣĪͷ÷ý
ͷת˾ͽƽԼû֣ĺѾü١


1445 ߲ߣϣ
ͷûжֵĴ㣬Ҳߵˣ˾ͽƽֻȻЩ
ɽƲشɽһҲˣϴ춼ϼʦ̫ʦͽʽ˺֮󣬸
ǰͷľɽרѡԼʱǲ룬Ҳ׶Էһͼ
˾ͽƽСĥѣܶʱ򶼻᲻Ķˡ
Ȼ뵽ԷпΪ÷ǰýͷЩȣȴûлͷŻ侲
֪ǰ˭
ͷ̾һį˵㯡
Ϸ׹ݣϰѩ衭£˼ʹš
㣿
˾ͽƽŵŵžһ˿ŭ
׹ô֪üɶ֮䴫£׷ˣҲġ
Ĵ֣ڴ˵иǵ¸صǰˡ
ԷʵǿǿƷòã˾ͽƽûϵ˶üŵ棬Ҳʲô
֮ԺܷŭʵΪǰͷȷŹϵ׼ȷ˵׹ݿʦ档
ʮȥˣλʦδֹ
ʱľ˾ͽƽɵĶһŭʲôˡ
Ҹʲôѵüʲôõҵĵط
÷ŰصĽһЩ룬׹˵Щʲôʱȴ类ˮͷɺ
˾ͽƽǻǵýʦ˵Ļ
ʱڲʯƺУʦô˵ţѲı˵ˣ
˾ͽƽˣĸ;üɹҲʵ㣬Ʋüս֣ԴˣǶġκһɵӶ̤ҷԴ
ҪƷõԭֻһΪƷòŻ֪ͼᱳѡǽ̻һʹпܱ£ȥĸ֣ǳԶ˳ŵģ
ʱԼô˵š
ʦִط˾ͽƽڴ˷ģԺʦţΨʦհȻҡ
˾ͽƽǰ£һ䣺Ȼˣüɻˡ
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׹ݾû˾ͽƽļɫȻʹֻ˵游Ϸϵã߶һ꣬ȥɽû̫עں쳾£ȵٴȥ֮ʱȴսΣϦ֮䡭㸸ΪͽʵҲǼԺɽţ̫⡣޷ǰ֮֮С
ͷȻ̾һȻԸͬһ𣬼ֲͽǺѹġգֻĵ˸㻤һ滹̲Ϭľһ׮Ե㲻ϸԺ£Ծ
˵Ż׹оһ⣬˹
˾ͽƽоһĪһЩ䣬Ϻ߹ŵ΢΢ȡ
ûüȣͼͷתߣ߱ߵҵʱ򣬾ü²ȴû뵽Ѱɹ£Ϊ㱳ԣҲûֻϼʦ̫˵ͬһɽշ
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ڶߣ׹ݿݵӰѾʧ
˾ͽƽŷйһʱίҪΪεʱԼʱ˵һЩûõĻ
ȴһȭڿմûϡ
һ仰û˵ǿɽȡ
ʱ꣬
ԴͶΪū衣
ӵɽ֮ϣ̨£ֲʦ۰ͬѦʱ
׮׮£ǰ
뵽Щʹӣ˾ͽƽ৵һ
ӲţʵҲףͷ˵ġ
ǰ壬һƪľѾӳ飬ԡ
ľܵ𱡱⣬һּζ
ಣ
齣ԣȴâǿͣһʱᾹȻն֮
ֵǣոսӴ壬Ժоͳһͼ
һȥ˵졣
£˹ȡ
˾ͽƽһѵͷ˵ĶģΪҵԵüĴδǹҡ
ʦ˵òԣüƴΨһķͨʵûҪһǴĺ󱲵ӵġȻҲͶüƲúúõģ񽣷ǴλߣҳԱ˳ŵĲŻȥü
˾ͽƽǴżЦݣתҪȥס
ոտͣ
óǿ壬ͷԶɽ£ɣ˵֮
Ϭָʾǰȥ˹ȣֲ֪ʲôı㣿ãҾȥǵʲô
Щܵʸס
뵽˾ͽƽһ·ȥ



1446 ߲ߣ£
붬ƲŲ
Щ͡ҩũ˼аԺ衣
ŵȴûʲôоһɾ䡣
һزܺ֣һ㣬ͨҲĽ
ճѾչЩӣżþҴɽǰһɫĥͨ澭洫ӡ
Ԫһ׳ţƽ
֣Ԫľ磬ԵҪ󽥽
ҪĦأ
ҪԪ뵽֮У
ԪϾ岻̫һ֪Դһ͡
Ҫʱϴ
Щϸҹ˼ζվǳ
֮Խǵϲ㣬ͻԽ١
ɳ
ÿ綼ƿ͹ؿ
ǿˣĳһˣͿԺܿ⡣
ôɿľ͸ٲˡ
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ǲţԴ
ԣճרһ£ϣԼٶȴﵽٵһ٣ɷڣԪ񣬾Ϳѡ·
·
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Ҫٳɳʵֻѡĳһ·С
ǧѡһԪﵽһ硣
֮֮š
ǵһֱڣҪƿǧǧܹеˣǴǻ۲ɡ
ճԷƱҲ὾Դֻǳĳ⣬ƽʱ⣬

ʦֱչޣԺӵȻÿ¡
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Ҫǰʥûжš;ģôҲܳɹ
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˵ôĴʦ֣ıſޣԼʲô԰ģʲôʸԷԼ
ĸױɱҸŸ׶أײ¶̫࣬Լ̫С
һڴ֮Сб£ǳ滢Ǹʳ²ãȻͱʳ
һЩ£С޶˶˵ľЩˡ
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¶úܶࡣ
ʱҩúбҪٽ̵һŵӵƲһ
ΪԺ֮оȻûȥ̽
ʦֱչһЩӣٳ
˾ͽƽʱûģھԲȫûǰʱÿ̵ŵӵ¡
ҩϸģʱˣŵλຢžܿü֮ŵϲ⡣
ɢһֿĿ
ܹÿ춼ÿģһܺõ顣
ҩȻȥܣҲܲš
̨ʦŹǿɣ˲ʦһ֮⣬ֱûҪ
ԣҲȥѯ˾ͽƽһ쵽æЩʲô
ϾȻͬţʵ㲻жϤ

һȡ䱬ѣ֮ʱɽ֮ȫ⣬ǣԪȻãܵĻҲûʲôѪ𣬾ýн˴Ѿǵã漰־
ҩʾʦֵĽ̵˵һЩԼ
ԱΧһȦʮλŵӣе˼еר
һЩֻǿλСʦ˵ˣ˸ţҲ֪Щʲô
ʲôСʦ̽ʱû˸ڲġ
ﲻΪȻҲᵱ˵
ΪʲôַȻԭġ
ҩ̫˾ͽƽҲףЩŵ֮Ѯ֮佣ͻͽǰʵճԪطԼĽ
ֲʽͬϸԼֲˡ
һ죬һԹۿճڽûһãͱЩˡ
ʵΪԼ츳ԽŶ⣬һϣ̱ôΪͬ
ҩ꽣ϡϡġлСʦ㡱Ļһ˿ܸС
վø߾ͿԶǵģСڿˣЩԼŵȫûʲô
ʱʦһΣÿ춼еͻƿʵǵġҲʺϽڽ
Сţ΢ͷ­߹ɽ꣬ԺȥĦɽͼ߽һЩСȴǲԺ˷ʱ䡣
ʱ䣬ɽʮСŮ
ոţվ׮ϰר˸
ⶼǴʦְźõġ
뵽ʦ֣ҩЩůȱȽÿһζкܶ򣬱ԼҪǿˡ
߹ɽǣͻȻͣסŲͷϸɫЩѿ
ɽ紫ģŵӵִ
ԺУƽ𣬺ȵ½ô˵Щ˰ɣʲôʲôʱ򴫷ֵһŵ˵𣿡
ʫңȻ̨ܻתɷСɵһЩϰȴδиı䣬ЩȻʦʹʦִ˻Ԫ澭Снҵŵӵ¸üʱȥɽ£˭˵һƲĵǿᡭ
װˣʦ⣬ʦֻڱչأƨҲƽڿ˵ǿᣬҶ֪ǿᣬôû˵һɷأ
ĸߴ½Ц
ʦֵУһ书ѵĽʦ֮ƶǣԪϴδȭκǲ˺ܴŵ֮УΪһ֡
ǺܿĵģһЩҰ
ǣʱͷ֣Լôٽһ
ΪǰȻǿˣվǽ졣
Ҳ֮½ʾίﰵŲ
Ⲣһ˵
ƽ뷴һ˿˵ȴǹԪ
½ʦ˵ò˾ͽƽʦǺεδһǵĽ书ҵʵҪһЩǣֻǱʦԽ̵һЩʱ䣬̵ɾԪ񣬽һǧ
ҿǶüɵһЩ󱲶ѲĶˡŵӰˣǴطҩǣȻҲǰ硣
ǰ˵˾ͽƽ˵Сʦɣ㿴ʮ꣬ʱ£ʵô
۾ûϹʵСһɽͷˣ˵ԣҿǵҩǿС
ԣԣˣҪҲȥһʦһͬʣҲлΪŵӣҲ֮



1447 ɱ֣ϣ
½͹Ԫôһ˵߰˸塣
Щһͬ㣬ǾʵձǿĽʦ۷塣
ҶǰѦ֮ʱѾЩʵĵӡ
˵ˣǶһЩϵӣһЩ
ȵճɽֱ֮ƽŵ죬˵ʵڵģʵġ
һҲϡƽεºﵽǵͷϣ
ο˭ܿףǵ˴ʦֵͣԺŵ
ֻᣬ˭Ҫ˭ʣ˭һ죿
ʮȻûг̬Ҳܿƺͬ½Ļ
λʦֵܣһԡ
ƽɫʮѿоǲԣʲôʧȥƿء
˫ѹѹһʦɽ֮ǰǵĴٿߵﲻ𾴣ֳɾѵ֪ǣܳΪŵӵȻǺãԼչֳֵɡʦմ֮ɽôĴԹߡ̰Ĳأ
ţֻҪܱԼģʦʹʦܻῴˣԲԣ
ˣ½һ˿Ц̫ˣЩʵѾûСʦôɽŵģ֪ܲɡ˵ʦɽ¿һ࣬Ȱ˵̨෽ơΪ̫ãʲô
˵ʲôⴧʦ¡ƽǾ֡
ԼĲԾôˡ
ͼذ֣
½˲֮ģìͷֱָʦƫģȻ˳ҩʦŵľ
ָʮն
ͲǶֵ
к˵ŵЩӣɽµľ¥Ѿˣҩʦ㱻ʦУƲ£ؾܾ֮СǱ˺ҩʦ㣬ţֻǲɢˣҹ֮أ۵ĸŮӡ
ٺⶦֵܴĴ壬ɱ䣬˵ǴʦּʱϵһɥȪˡ
½һͨ˵ǣ˻ȻλΨհĵӿˣĵ뿪
ԪһЦ˵½ʦ˵ûСǱ̨ʦıͽܣⶦ̨ͨʦ¡ʦΪ˺ҩʦǷϴ˼ɴҲ֤Сʦ˲񡣡
ǣɽѾˣʦ۶ûƹһΣȻһɾͣҲǴʦֿǣǣ£ѵˣţ޳·
ƾоݵһһͣ˵ɫ䣬¾ʮλҡ
ʱĽ紦ͬʱҲһЩе롣
˭ʵϰɽ֮
ʱ˸ǣֻʹˣܵõʦӣӹµ֮ǸһҲûʲôϢ
õĽȡɸӻִν
ҿǲƲȥˣŹɻţ
ƽҧгݵ˵
һЩѱɿʮֹ졣
ΨһԿģ½͹Ԫ˼Ͳ
ʲôԭȻ˴治ʦǷǣ
ʲôĿģ
ߣûǰ;ɣҲϡɽһݼҵңŵ˵Ҳӣɼɹõ棬ȴǲܳƺʦģǵý𣬼δţ̸ʲôŹ棿
˵⻰תߣк˵ȡ
ԸҵֵһɽһµģǾиõǰ̡
ʹ뿪˸󣬾Ǻԥ
ƽ۾ˣʦ֪֮ŵӽԼ͹ܳôһ
ѹ齣ʣһ̳ŭȵվסʦǰٺú÷˵ɡ
⻮գ̲й⣬ŵʪȾȻһ˿Ԫ
˶óһ߷壬ֻһͻƣʮǿ
ƽЮŭֻ֣Щˣȥʦ֣ʿôһ¡
ڵһԹţûг
Ǹ˼ֻ뵽λܵʦʶʵҲ̫á
̶ʱ֮ڣ۷壬ΪҲǰ
漣ʱ䷢̫࣬ȴҲȡ
ֻǾš
ûͻʦ磬½ԪȣʵǲúԶ
ƾҲҸҶ֣ƨ
½عͷһЦǳ۾һԾ֣һ
ǰ죬յϾХԪתż˶
һƴͬ
ĽʦһһԪ棬
ƽĽ⿰̵һ
һɨεɶ۵³һѪɿ⡣

ҩվɽǣŷдɫʮѿֻǻһ仰
СǱ̨ʦıͽܣⶦ̨ͨʦ£ʦΪ˺ҩʦǷϴ˼
ϴ˼
飬ȫûббɽϣĸ׵Цòһʱ¡



1448 ɱ֣£
ҩľȻԭһ
ϸϸعǰ£ķ֣½˵ǰ㡣
ѵЩĳʦֻ֣֮ΪײӦҰƲ
ʲôԣȴȻ󵶽ʰܡ
Ͼ½Ȼȥ䣬һ仰ȴû˵Լҵֻ̨ɵӣɡǱⶦǫ̈̄ӡ
ԼҲ̨ӣ˵Ļ
ҩ˰ɣ̨ɲɹĻΪ㸸ײʦ˼ı
ҩͷһعͷͼһĿȺ͵̫̫վǰԶ
ź̴ֳͷȣʳ֮ҵ̫
ԪӦ֮УҩǷ֣ԷܹŤš
ϸȥççɽԶ
ƺǰһˣһƬԪ
˭
ķҿʲѵõɵӣ㣡ӣ̨²ֶΣȫаħȥкҰüǰ;Զ󡣡
Щŵӣָʹģҩǰһ֪ΪΣȻʦ֣ڣȻẰɱǿüɲ˳ˡ
ҪǣЩ˵˵ǣǰָʹıǰĻġ
ķü籾Щԡ
СһԼҵıԭǱƣôҲܲˣ̨ĻԹޡ
ԼֻҪһ˵ͻӦ
Ʋĸֻʣʦͽʲôô
һģոЩ׵̾ͻ̸̣ʲôüˡ
ңϲǰλС֮ǰͿˣȫʣһδ
Ժڶü֮ͬУҲºˡ
ǧذתķȴɫ䣬Цŵ㸸ʱҲڵ鵱ձϮ£նģͬüɽ֮ǰѾԥˣɽ֪ˡ
һ
ҩԴһΣ׶˵ˡ
죬ҪӦһЦݳԺ
ҩұȽ
ţʹᣬСһƬհףͼ̫̫ǣԼ֣һʱ˷Ӧ

ķҪǣסҩֱ֣Ӵߵʱ
ͻȻ֮䣬һɫâ
ճĿҫۡ
ֻһ΢⣬֮䣬ͱɴ衣
âƲϣӳɽá
Ʊâһգɢǧ
ҩ۾һۣо
ǿܣǰ߿裬ķͬſĴһ㣬ĳͻ
λЦݵ̫̫ϱѾסڱ䵭̹˸У̲лζӰӣۼþҪ룬ȴһӶ
Ѫ䡣
ζ˱֮Уҩعͼǰ֪ʱѾһִӰңĿǿᡣ
Ľն֮дϸ΢ɫ⣬ָ֮ط˪ľ޴ɽը쳾Ǳնء
һúݡÿ죬ңʦôҵԵģǰޱӻ᲻ᱻˡ
ҩתֵֹͷһܻŭ𣺡Σ͵ϮҶҪʬΡ
֮Уһ𣬻˻Σ֮оͳһѷ죬ۼҪ˽ȥ
ԪӣԪ鲻
ܻ˵ɡϹҫգһ߳ǿռѷ֮ǰһӻƵۣͷڵĵó֡
һƬɴš
ڳһ˵һòҪ
Ϊ£ȴճġ
ճͨط֮ʱҩӰķȸҲ޷
Ҫǣķû뵽ԼΪüһŮɣȻ˸ۻ͵Ϯң˵Լ
ճ뷨Ԫ龳֮ʱͨ澭һͷһսǿϲ١
ʱģתתնƬնˡķȻں޷֮£Ҳն
ٱʮɷ֮һ壬ԪڣҲսֻӵ
磬Ѿɹһɷ٣һԪ١
Ԫʮǿᣬˣſ컯ֻ֮ʱ䣬Ԫ޸
ȻķճĹҲǴΪԾƽδ
ԣȻźݻȴǲͣϾѾˡ
˵ʱ٣ʱ졣
ֻһ˲䣬𣬱̹룬ҩûĸоͷѪƮʱ֮ѷ֮ǰһϹ⡣
Ϲӵأϵ÷âһȥ׹Ρ
ǰǼ컨׹ӿŮ߸裬칬ڣɷӡ
úݡ
ķԪʹУΪžâϹû
ҹĻ˺ա
ﱣŻӽն̬˫˫⡢̴дͻȻ쭳һѪȪ
ɫ԰͵ħɽʧ׹䡣
ȻʲôطǿзӳħɽͻϮԪЩܲˣжˡ
ȴûʲôĵģȴһ˿̬죬Цʮֲãһһģճҩ÷ȴǡţ͵ϮңӦ˰ɡ
䣬ƲͳһƳɫзݰСֱƿա
翣һƬƬ̲ݹϸѿɽʢʻԪͬ㲨š
桭
ҩŴС졣
Ȼˡ
ճͷЦĿСһۣҲ˲ø˵һǰסˤϵʦˡ
ʱȻЦøɵһ
ҲԼϴˣֻץסճֱۣ״εʵΣɱʦĸ
ǵģʦճҡͷʧЦȴĸܡ
ǴαԷ¶ˣ֮ңͽܾ˻ǹܺƣֱ޷˵
ʱԷ䣬пҲˡ
ô˶ݣһظĸо
ȷüһŮɣڵɶϣѹʵ̫޴


1449 ͽ䣨ϣ
춼£ϼʦ̫ɫ৵һ¾ͱѩףԶѩ׹ָⶼ΢΢
ɽ
ǿѹͷļ¶ƽȣת춼ȥ
÷Ǿһ飬ಽĸȥ
û߳ԶúȻͣ½ŲתͷȥŻɽ岽ƣ̫ԺֹúúÿǲǡתϣȥݳǱа壬ƶò׾֮ˣ˵Щѧѧ·Ҫ͵סį
ǣʦ
һͷĿԶ޴ɫһϫӹХҲľӦ
һչâʣֱ·ȥˣһҲ顣
Ůտƽﲢ໰ºͣٵˣ˶ʱ̫ۣûдڸС
ⲢֻǳһЩѡ
Ϊϼʦ̫´ӣʲôֻǲôֳ
Ըȣ˷ġ
ķͼıƲȻһжڻɽ¶ԣٴƲŵ֡
ֶβŵҥʹ֮ߡ
ԤԤϡ
վˣ㹻ɲ̨ɵ顣
ǴȥҲ˵Ʋ洫ԼҪüֻΪʦƷ²á
Ƕü޶Ѱƣ¡
ԶüһŮɵȻǺ޹˼ɣʿҲʲôë
ȻҪʹ˵ȼƻķ¼ҹԶ֣üһЩȻˡ
춼һƲܽҲʱ̹עŶֵĶ
˵ˣϼʦ̫춼ţΪ˽Ӧ
ΪüһŮɣ޼ɣʵߵûб߼ʣʵҪ̫֡
ԣϼʦ̫һԲû׼֣ʵǼ֤֤Լ赹ùҪЦ
ϼʦ̫飬ǿ⡣
ҲˣľܣҲϲŭ֡
ǣôҲûϵȻ˾һĻ
ӵ桭
ֽзڲϼʦ̫춼嶼ҴˣֻȥüŻ𸮲ܰģ˶ࡣ
ٳͷܺ⣬Ҳͬġ
һֱλʦԸеģϲǰ档
ԸǲãǶüƴɨһеĳϣ˾ٶʶҲǣԺڶüиܵõô
ǲͬ
ǲϼʦ̫ܿƲвҲܿó
ǲһӣҪʮӵһɽͷ
ǣΣա
ʦѧһѧƵ·
ӹգӹĵ׾Щ⡣
棬ֶӢƴԺڶüڵ֮䲻˵ȻˣҲǲ̫ࡣӢԵ֮ԼƺȥδӣȻҪѧһѧ˼ôԴϵģѧ֮·ݲ̫Ů鳤
ϼʦ̫Ҵ뿪⼸Ҳλŵۡɮۣװɫصķٲͷ
Щ˴Ҵ뿪ɽֻһССĲ
ʵϣűķ䣬ǶüɣϢĴȻ𵴡

һۣƲ״̨ٲǰɣһ˴졣ԺҲ˵ǡ䵱ɲ̫࣬ٴֵʸ񡣡
ճĿԶԶɽ֮ԼԼҴȥ˵
ĻġۻĸʱҲȫøһ⡣
ƲССɽͷɱһɣûٸӡ
ʲôе˼͵ȫսԺҪǫ̂򽻵ɵ㡣
УʣµĵȻˡ
ʦЩδã
㿴Űɣ࣬һȥ壬ճһۡĿ֮£ͽܱڻǲȻ
˼ԣˣҪˣЩС£ͱҡ
ճɫ΢΢£кعųһ
һεɱ֣ʱ⣬ڴ֮ǰѾʼ֡
ճһֱչأʵϣʱעɽɽµĶ
չΪ£ΪӦΣ
ԼʵΪƾӦüɰ֣ԣҪ¶Ϣ
ͬʱ壬ȴԷ֡
˭ܺò¡
㻢ˣɽķôһôҲ޶۵ӷġ
տʼ֮ʱʵǲ̫ͬģô򵥵ڵĵɸˡ
һüɣó֮
ܻܿûжѾ˳ɰܵʧ
ôªƻôҲֵܵġ
֮ȻԭƻУʵճһ֡
ֻ˵һ䣺аա
֪ΪΣȴǴӦ
ֻǵԼͽܣҲȥ̸ʵס
ǣ˴ʱɹ
ͽܴӰһնֱӾķ˵ԪҲǼΪ𾪵ġ
ڣûԼ
·
ҪһѾ˳ȥԷҲˣʱķˣԼҲԭԼ
ʵۼűȻЩôҲ
ǿͷ⣬Цҩ˵ͷɽȥ
Լλɵƭһһ㶵Ůͽܣûһ˼
üɵȷǻ˺ܴ˼ʹƣһ˵б۵ģһԼˡ
ҲΰǰЩ̨ȫϲҸ£ûҷֺڰᵽɽƲ¯ɵѾͷ
ҩ翴ǰԼ
Ҳôɡ



1450 ͽ䣨£
ΧɱճʵҲڶġ
ԼĹǶһĶü㲻Լж
һֱ֪ʲôȼķȴףǵȼ϶ܸߺܸߣһäĿΣôЩһֱ߹Ĭ
˵УһЩܹѹˡڸڣñ㲻Լ
ճķҲǻԭ
ɽͻϮͷ֮ʱʵѾֶߡ
һսʮףʵϲס
ͷӺųɶ֮бһĸ֣֮
һ㾯ףͲᱻճնȥҶ
һУ͸ӽԣࡣϺбųüʦӵԪ顣
ȻһΪҲʧʮ֮˾ţνһ
ķ˻Ϊǿͷ̫⣬һΣͻΪͬ
ճȴΪһֱȻ
ΪԼ⣬ڸǱüƲ
Ľ棬κϢʱճ֮У
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׼˵ǣҪ˵һ֣ȫûϡ
ʦ׾ʹӦˣоЩʧ䡣
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նüһֻǿ۰ЩճѹŵһʯڳװῪ
ӰԶȥЦЦת
Ȼôˡ

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ѡʱѣŵĲƽ⣬׼ɽ뿪ʵǿ׼ʱ
Զʦֱչؿޣ˾ͽƽûҩϢǻ顣
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ǶüɵĽȴԪݡ
žδϢʦҲֳһ˶
ǳԪ޲ˣɽŵĶüǺεȵԼ˶顣
һЩ˸Ȳʺ˷ܵòԼ
½͹Ԫˣȴ䣬ԭشľ
Ļ֪Լǰıݾ͸Сһ㣬ȫڱ˵֮С
һжҵģȴֵֹ˭
ҩҲɻɣȲȴٸú÷˵
ճɫӵС˵
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ҩһֱŵùʦ֣ԹɵĸߵԺ
û˸ӡ
ʱӾ½˻׵ġ
ʦֿˡСʦǰЩȫġɽѾˣҵҲһʱͿûз٣ʦ
½Ԫæġ
ĸӶˣʱҲ¼æǼǱ½ƻûбʦŵ뷨
ͣ
ճ鰴ֳ
ߵһԷƽ
λĵǰѪ½һ򵹣ڵأʱ𾪣ʦ֣ԭѾ˰
˵һ䣬Щɥûйܺţôʦʧˡ
ֵúܺáʵвҪԿĵػˣû취ȡճЦЦ˵ƽӽƲŵӣŵȻš
һһԹλӣȫûĪ
ﻹףǰƽΪѾ˴ʦֵǽ͡
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뵽˾ͽƽʦԽ̵һʱ֮ʵͻͽߵ޷ݣӶˡ
֮԰ƽΪŵӣһ£ճʵʵж½˵
˵ʲУԶ޷õӣԺٽһֻǴȡҾ͸㣬ֻҪɣ£˭лõɽУһɳ졣
깦֮󣬵Ȼǳͷˡ
½˶ͷð亹ǶǵõմʦôѦġ
ճЩĮڵϼλӣ̾Ϣһߴߣˮʹ۲ŶüӴƣҪͶ˼ġ
ǣǧ֮ǰҪʦҥԣЩˡžʹһնɱ̶ν֮ŰǵǵȷǲŵӣŹҲùܵϡԣͰѴӱɽѧĽѧȻɽȥɣƽ̡
ǣƽ˷лعЩ
ȻЩ⣬ȴȻųǰ
ʦζҪִУǴ򲻹Ҳô
ճĻЩ䣬ȷŰЩһȫնɱԴıʦŵķǵӣҲ顣
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ˣһ顣
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ǰһЩӵĽʳߵﶼţȥ书ɽȥûʵûк̨ԺܱҪѹ
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ǵĶ֣Ͳ½˹ǽз
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ڵϼѾǾ
½ȻȵҲǴʦԶֳͷҵ޻˵ǿƽƾʲôҵĽ书°ܽ
Ҳ׺֪˱ȥ书ֱʱѪܲ˵Ҳִ֣Ѫ졭ֻҪƽ֣һᷴ
һվһԵĴʦ֡
ճЦģǼûǸʸԶ֡ƽ֣ǿԷģֻҪĹͿɽҾѡ
˵Ϳƽɫһ䣺ְɡ
ƽҧҧһ̳һ⣬һζŻΪ仨ֱ꣬½Сüġ
ǲڣоͻѨֱӷ书
㣬ȡ
Ҫϸִˡ
ǰһܣʱȴҲ˽ѵҼ
飬ǷɽȴʱӦ䡣
ʵҲԼֻܹ֣Ŵʦֻ⣬Ŀ½˷뿪
Ҳȫô룬ȴŽı
ҩԺһЩ΢΢Щ̵Ŀ˹
֪ʦһֱ·ʽȻƽദ֮ʱºͣؼʱ̴Ӳ
ΪʲôҪƽֳͽ䣬Ժùλŵӡ
ǣƽʵ磬ôԸô෸ӣ
ѵлʲôΪ֪أ
СЩɻ󣬰ǰľҲʱȴˣȴƽһ磬ֻѪ֡
ꡭ
½ϳּѪȪһӼҪѨ˷ɢ˺졣
ʯš
ɫò԰׻ҰܣϢޱȣѾɢˡ


1451 ᳦ٽᣨϣ
ܣ½ֳֳԭأŴʹ
ֶԷһľԼ֮ʱﾫ׵ĽȻȫǣҪǣԪҲǸ޷ϵ
һ£ϸжϣԼĳٶȣԼ棬ȲϽϵĶˮƽ
ȫסҲֲˡ
ǰݵʦ½ʱţɢҴӲ
ƽĽ£ͬ׵ĸһ
Ԫ󾪣νʣҪ֣ȴǰӰζͬ֡
ӯӯˮ֮Уֲʵ٣ͬʱһʹ顣
عȫ书
ƽһ֣վЩ¡
֣⼸λʵǿŵӣʱòһ
Լһ־ͽȫû
ͺ󣬾ͺʦûɽ֮ǰЩ˵ʵƺѾ˻ȥ
Ϊʲô
½ң书ϣʱվò̫ȵҡҡλεģȴҲԼ书ͻȻõ
Ǻǡ
ճЦȻΪŵӣǰ̵ѧ˻
˼ЦǾûΪν书Ľ˿ݣһһԾΪʦʲôԭʣ
˵Ҳӣɨһеӣֵʵܼ򵥣ΪʱĴĵķţһͽ򶼴˸ǣŵۺŹඥûУҵҲֶͬΣⲻѾյ쳤վüȫԼǷԪϻɢȥȻͻᱻԭΡ
ɢȥ
½ϵĵȻǻɢȥǱջȥˡ
ڵӿճɫͱʮ־ˡ
ԭԼΪı£ڽʦֵȫԼ
ʱʧȥ
ǸһЩ飬Ǿ½Ԫǵָȫûе
ʦּȻϤ࣬ôҷȻϽ
һɣûԪֶΣԼȻ
ʵˣҲУ洫ͽܵʱ򶼻һõġ
ܲãͿˡ
ճܹ˵ĽϲԪܿÿ˵ͳ
ȥԪȫǺ⡢Ȼʵ֪ʶ߼ʩ̡
װĿڡ
ϹŴܽʯͷҰ޿ɣֻҪ⣬ܽ
ճȻԶԶҲôһ˼
˷ĸˣǵѡʺϱšԾԲĵӴ
Ȼֵӣ˭ϲģճҲԥ
˺׾ܵõٽҩ˾ͽƽ
λЩŵ޸࣬Ҳֵ
ɽȥɡճ˻֣ٲἸŵӡ
ټӣ㲻ʲô
ʵĵһѣҪ׳ƣȥһҲ̫ѡ
ҩľᣬúúø̸̸
Щʱһ𣬾ͺ
ķȻɱŪЩ飬վСݺݵͱһӡ
˾ͽƽճһ˿ɫ
ױ䣬΢ŽҪġ
Ϊһɱ֣û֣˾ͽƽͳ׷ˣﲻƲҲ֪æЩʲôżֻ֣ܸо鼫ãƺʲôܿĵ顣
ճԼԼĲµһЩ֪Ҳӣÿ㴦ǡ

ҩ㻹Щ˵ҥ𣿡
ɽ·ϣСͷճĽŲԵЩĬ￪ʻκǲͬ
ʦ֣ˡ
ճתͷȥ
СˣʮšԼ½ǣΪ˾ᡣ
˵һܸӵĶЩ鲻ǿףġ
ҩ⣬ۼĸǰʹһֱѹУûзй
Ȼû˵Ҫѩʲôģʵʹѹ
֪˶̨ӣְ̨£Ҫ˵ûǣôҲܡ
ĹؼʵΪСﲻ˽̨ɵơ
ˣû˸˵
뵽ճЦԼ˼ҩУĽڣ˵Ҹ㽲°ɣǰиˣһѸӡΪھӼҵĶ͵ȥˣǴע˵һһУһһԽԽǵ
ӵҵ˸ӣԭǰɽʱһʱʧɽҵӺھӵĶӣĿôҲˡ
ҩһۣССоȻЩ⣺ʦ֣ҲСˣڵĹСʱУҲûٻʦ֪ǶüҥֻЩܡ
ðɡճڨڨһ۶棬ȷСˣЦŵʲôǽŮԩԩг𱨳ʹ죬ʱɡǱȫ˲͵ˡ
ۡճ˵ʹ죬СЦ
΢΢źΣȻ˴ʦĿⲻ̫ʵȴ⣬ͦͦظ
Щڿ࣬СֳһЩá
Ȼʱ£ഺϢ˶
ʦЩʦ
ÿô࣬ʦͽѾǱ̨ɣǰаɰ׹£ʦûйϵġճģ϶ʱ䣬һնɱ̨ٱҲû˵䡣
Ҫǵ˰׹ΪʦǿУҲðɣ
ճô˵ҩһ˿ʣĵǣסճơ
ֱչ˿ĸоʦһֱԼϡ
ճܵС֣˸ǰ˵ҩƲƴǣҪ˼ǵĵˣֵ˵ĵˡ
ολ׹һλ״ӱɣͱնɱھŻɽϣҪ͵ˡ
šҩ۾ﶼСǡ
ʦ˵úƣЩѪڡ
һǷǿܻܲסµӣǺҪһ顣
õӹģУʲôҪ
СĬһᣬչһЦһЩ˸к;ᣬĵɢȥ
ʵʤ۱硣
ʦնɱ̨ٱǰЩӻɱͨⶦˣҲûʦһ˿
֤Щԭ̨ӸԼûйϵʵڲ̫ࡣ
ҩĽ򿪣»ָ˺飬ճҲЩġ
Сͷ࣬ЦˣһЩν飬ƲǿսԺ˽̵ЩӵĻɽϺúΪŵӵĺԮɡ
ҲСˡ
ҩŤŤӣһӦ
⿪£ֻصסר
ǰʦֺʦնɱüŮɣ򣬴ʱȴĺʱ
ճҡͷʧЦСһܿʮ겻ǳСʲô



1452 ᳦ٽᣨ£
صͥԺңճ
Ӧ鶴֮еı仯һϸͨԴС
ȻСȴ޾
ԪҲ¹Ī֮£ӿ׳ٶȣоЩĳּӳ֡
ڤڤ֮УΰԼ˳죬١
ǣΪŴʦ֣Ҳǡüô
һЩ
ԭĹ֮У˺üˣ½ɷɽԷˮһ㣬иģ˳ɾ͡
Щ׽ͶüĸˣҲմ⣬ֱƽٷ
뵽ױʲôˡ
ؾˡ
΢΢ЩȣоЩ֪ǰʱľӪ෽ı֮£ɽƲڸԼˡ
ڴ֮ʱԼһͳֻ֮Ҫڣ˾ͲϾ
Ȼʱ࣬ʤڳá
֮ʱܻˣճΪԼڻɽ֮նɱ˱ķԭ
նλǰŮɣӰлҪ޴
Լ֪ĵطӦѾ㹻Ʋĵλ
ʱ˿̷ʸΪһɣվߴ̨ϣüɵͬʱᡣ
ٲǰɢޣ˭һѡ
ԭ켣УüζûзƲ﷢֪жô
ȫͬˡ

һЩӣճúõһŵɽչ
նħΣһЩӣװѻɽؽƿ´̨ɵ
Ʋֻһɽͷơ
ʱڵ̨ӵ£ȴǰ´죬ʽ
ķӦճʵôġ
רķչҪ
ѡƽΪʳΪŵӣúõĽ̵˼죬λĹʦʵҲڸŵһܲǰ
ǵ̬ٲһ
˶ͬЭİ£ûǰɢ
ؼǣһ㡣ǾԼ˵ʵãκһ֮УʲôϢ
ܹ֮ǿʵȫΪʦֶ
£˭ģ
ǰ֮Զ½Ԫȵӵ³˭£
ֵһǣǼӱϵ书ɽȥ֮󣬶üɲûа£ǿ಻ԣԷ⡣
·Ľ˳ɱֻǺܲ˳ۡ

Żɽ
ףָͷԼüģĵɽƲѾƳɣٲˡɣǵúúÿһ´¶ˣϣҪٳʲô
ıʧܣҲƣ룬ЩԼ
Ϊ㲻ǽε٣ҲûиӦΣŹŹ֡
ü£ı󶯣һ֣ضɹ
ʱ𣬻˿ͷӺķ֣ǵĴʮ־޴
ִֻʧĵĴ
û˳˳ˮһоƿ֮еİ
ϼʦ̫ĬԣҲ벻ʲôð취ʱѾ춼壬ѻɽ˳
ڻɽʵǼǣȻûҪסԷ
׹ݸŰ룬˼š
ȴû̫գȻѾˣͲҪ롣ڴδ䣬ֻҪ˾ͽƽﲻ⣬ƾͿɷת
⻰ڼҲǵͷҲ΢΢̾һ¶Ц
Ͻÿİü¹ϵشǸѾˣΣȴԲ֡
İɣʲôʵģֻС֮ᣬҲʮТ˳ǲܱԡ˶ɲѹأǵǰ;Ҳͱ˵ˡ
׹Щ⡣
ֻ˳ˮۣӶԷԳɲ֣ԷѾ֡
кϺ飬Ȼ°빦
ϼʦ̫ҲһЩЦȷˣ˾ͽƽԸЩƣϽüȻ⣬ôҲܾܾġ
ڻɽ˾ͽƽ󣬲ϼʦ̫зȨͲûֱ˵Ǽһܺɫˡ
Լͽʱ˾ͽƽһˣһԹۣͿ˶Էԡ
۾Ĵ˭ʲôɶ׵ġ
ЦȻʦ̫ҲôΪӦˣ˵ڵɸ֣ɹѹ֮ǰ̫󡣾˵ɵǰλͽüôҲö࿴˼֡
ˡЦ
£һ˾ͽƽ˶ɹΣϽðüҰѼͯǣƿνޱȡ
˵ˣķʵ·Ȼһλ֣ȴҲܹһ
Ǽͯǰȴֻ˾ηȫ˲Կ˼
λµһɵͷѾɹ٣ֻԲʱܷ
ǣλǰֶζƥֻΪˣȫλǿ
ԭõĸױˣһֻͨ飬ͨƽרԲɲҲ֪˶ٺӵܡ
żлԵһ飬ѧϰ֮󣬾ԺվǴ˼֮£Ҫаѽٷ
ʱһص꣬Ϊ겻ּŨʧá
ص굥һ֣ʨ볤Ƕµӡ
ʦҩɽһԵѷᣬǱ
Ҳûնħгȫ֮ģԱ˵Ժѳü˵Ķüõָ˶ٵķ
Ӥٷ׽٣Ҫʱһˣѡ
ǣͱ˽̵һʱŮǧջ֮˫˫⣬ǰ̡
Ůغࡣ
ʱȻ˾ͽƽ
üɵƣǰȻ˶ɽ١
ԣɣüȻǣ˵̨¸аħ뢣ҲǷֿ
Ȼ˾ͽƽ̨ɣüеҲʮش
ΪǣƽΪͬ


1453 бȴģϣ
ԺǽΣҪرעҾйŹ֣пĳλתޡ
ôıôԼվӲĳλҰƲŴӡ
ԣӦó֮Ϊ̨ɴˡ
üŷ˳ŵζΪ֮ʱеļıԵò԰ޱȡˣЩԶü֮ʱǺεȵı
ﰵݣʵš
ɽ£Χȥ̨ӡ
һеȴ¶֮Ӧ԰ɡ
»ˮҪͿˣҲʾ˴½
ȻüȻûʲôı䣬ΪЩأ
ÿֻҪ뵽λ̨ʦ֣Щơ
ȵϼʦ̫Ͱ׹뿪֮ٴü̾˿Żʵƣôʲô𣿡
ڻᣬһҲû˵ֻįһԣԹ⡣
֪Ϊ֮ŮܴԶüǰ;νǡ
֪ԼҴŮһʮλʦ֣ǰ͵ʦĸͽ޹
ʵϣŮĵǶԵģĻҪӡ
öü˵һŮɣȻʹ棬˶һصĴҲ᲻ٴƲ˼ֻĿŶԷչ
֪ˣվ;Ȱ衣
һߴ
߶ʵ׽⣬ǵˡ
ҾðʦļƻΣգǰ¿֪ǽ˼Ϊϸܣǰ棬ǰҲ塣ֲܷ˾ͽƽ쳣Ǵӿຢ֣鷳ˡ
Ǻǣ֪ȾġЩƣЦЦ
֪ǻǺǿǼǰֲ£Ƕüѵ֣οƲʦͽ
ңϻռ䷨ֳᦣϣǻ˾ͽƽ˱Ӷݣ죬ʲѶԸ
ЦſŮ֪Ůϴα˴ܲȥɴ£ΰڶԷۼԽԽӰ
ǧҪħ鷳
ƵͷһЩؼҽüȻ󷨺ͷӦ¡
ڵʲôأһʲôˣУҵȥ
룬û˵ʲô˶һ𣬾˾Żȥɽ
ͽţ֤뷨

ˣվ͵⣬֮²̫շɽ򡣡ճ˻֣ƽ¡
ǣʦ֡ƽһ񣬺ѱˮʪ͸ü価ϲɫ
λŵڳĵӣ˵ʵڵģʺԲô
ճȻѾϤĽ̵ҲûϧѿҲֻǴﵽĽжΡ
Ȼ˼ҲܸӦԪɳʦȴûеɹ
ճĹ㣬ٻҪµ֮ϸϸĥ񣬲ܽԪࡣ
⻹ΪŶصĽ̵ֶΣ˴˵ȳɾ͡˽̽пʮ࣬޷ɹ
ճҡҡͷģƽΪŵӣԼֵûʲô
նüɵ˵һλǸĵӣֵ¡
һɣҪصĵӣҪĹ˲ţ͵ǧˡģ£ʵһҲû̫ϵ
룬ճ˾
ƽȻԪδɣȴҲܹóַ
ճ鶴֮УһЩƷɽкڰĸԪʱóһˡ
ԪȥÿͨǺܺõʽճɾԪġ
ллʦ֡ƽ۷Ź⣬˫΢΢Ľӹ
ߣͬ˸عâ
ҩ˹Ц˵ʦնɱ˱ͽ飬Ԫɣʦ˵˽ǿƷ
С⿪Ľ֮󣬾ȥ̣׽ࡣ
ճ֣Ϊ˲СʱﵽصԪ񾳽磬Ȼǵ˲ٺô
ҩٹһʱ䣬ƶȲˡճЦֻԪһѣƴ˽ûѲϣһⲻ֪ĸ֣һʵû̫𡣡
ƽֱȻǰֻŵӣȴҲɼҴţȻ֪Ʒɽʲôȼ
ʦûзСʦĻԪˡ
Ʒɽʮ־޴ԼܹԦ
ճЦЦ˼ӻֵúð£Ͳû˽ɽϪǣ½һ㣬ĪҪ˲
ǡ
ƽЦŸǣŷɽ֡
ʦ֣˾ͽƽɽˡƽԶҩС˵
ţҡճһ˿⣬λຢƲˡ
һγȥмû֪æЩʲôҲûԼλŴʦʾûиʦ˵
ؼǣշ˾ͽƽԵõǧˣʱûнչԭõһǧˣҲɢߵΣա
ÿ춼һЩˡ
֤С˼˱仯
ҩȴǲֻ֪Ǿ˾ͽƽٳԣųȥ˼ΣһֱûŪ˾ͽƽȥ
ֻ֪˺ɽԶʧ
ǣҲû˵
ʦֵɫȻҲ֪ġ
ʦѾˡСﰵţŽˡ

ʦ֣ҩʦ˵£˾ͽƽ˽ԶԶľͳʵ
ճ̧ȥͼλຢѾģ
Ű׵׳ۣͷϴڣü΢΢ž
۵ǣ˾ͽƽ֮ʱͦñֱԵʮ㣬ϹںЦݡ
ճע⵽ˣһǰǳƺҩΪСʦ㣬ǽźҩʦá
ʵǿˣ˵ȻǺ£ճԪ΢΢͸оԷϢЩһ
ֱ廪ǣʱ仯ʱɽʢʱˮ
˾ͽʦΪѾﵽԪ侳磬ŷҲ̫ԶˣҿһüĪûԪһ
˾ͽƽһ٣ɫ˱䣬Цô᣿ʦҽżãͰǰϰĶüԪԪּ̨һЩĵã˽ſһ㣬ʦָһ



1454 бȴģ£
ճÿɷ˾ͽƽһۣ˵λãɽ¸λӶչﵽĳЩˡƽʦʵ㣬ȥɽƽܣΪ֧Ԯɡ
ʦ֡˾ͽƽɫ
ô㲻Ը⣿ճüë΢΢һ豭һڡ
ʦҽе˹ؼʱ̣Ҫʦ־ͽָ㣬ɽ¡˾ͽƽҧҧе
ճ΢΢ŭ⡣
Ȼָɣ˰ɡ
Խ׶Է˼ˣԭеС϶Ѿ˾ͽƽͷڻɽ֮ϣ˾ͽƽԸɽ
ܺ⣬ɽ֮󣬼˶į
ѹֵʧ˼Ұ˰ʣжȻŶüɲ֡򣬾̸Ҳ˾ͽƽ̨ɽġֻ˵Ȣ޽ţû˵ŮҪԼȥֲǷСС׸
ճȻôһ£Ȼúúôһ£ֵߡ
üɵľҪˣ̨ӣϰüҲ±ЦվɽȥɣǷٲûɽ⣬Ͷϵĵ£Ǫ̇̄˲ܳأ˵Բԣ
Уڽ֮ʱ˵Ļ㻹ǵɽҲֵ֮ʱþһ
ֵĻñȽϼѣҪٶȴתճʧȥ˾ͽƽԴȪ
Ҳʾ˭޷ǾǶüµԼѵúͿɣѰףĵǱġ
ȻһЩ⣬ȴҲѹֻǿġ
˾ͽƽ뿪꾫Զһ㣬ú侲侲
׻˵еŮǴģһλᣬҲʱճˣԷܹס
˾ͽƽţ亹ըףʦȫ֪ô֪˾һ֪Ͻõ飿Ҫô죿
ʦֵֶΣ˾ͽƽз䡣
̧ȥͼһ˫ӶԼ̲ſ磬ƺԼֻҪ˵֣ͻնɱ
һ΢΢ʦֺʦɽȻų̂
ãճЦȥ˺;Ҫ־ᶨҲ˼ǫ̛ǰ;ãɵˡ
ǣлʦֽ̻塣
˾ͽƽʹͷ­Ӧ£ǳš
ߵ⣬ɽһ͸оһɺӿͷ΢΢̾һס
ҹ
Ժﾲ˾ͽƽ֮ϣüͷţ΢΢Щ⣬ƺԼıʮֲ
ûмֻһЩ¡

ڶ磬˾ͽƽƽʮɽɽ̨Ժ
ƽææµ£һЩͷ˵Ҫչؾޣʦ²š
˵ͲԼԺӣźš
õġ˾ͽʦ֣ʦ˵ϴ˵鷳飬֡
ô鷳飿㿴Űɡ˾ͽƽ˵˾䣬˵Լ¡
һᣬ˾ͽƽˣһ˿ʣһУͳһȻСᦣҫ
һָ޷ԶھͳһŻ
Ż淢𵴼䣬һӿ
˾ͽƽӰѾʧ

ɽУƽʵ衣
һɫƶɢƮУʱס̣ɢ֮ʱ
Զһ͸ܽ
ţһϸϸ˿ߣֱ죬ͣ˵Ĳס
ٺԶ̨ܼͤӰȹ̵أ欣ڵٹ
ЪŽ׳ȹŮתκ죬˭Ժĺϼ˿Ƭ̲߯عΪ绨죬ˮꡭ
Ƥ˼ĽֻڶУ
˾ͽƽһ֣۾ֱĿţգҲգ

ͻȻͣȹŮתͷЦһ㣬㿴Ǵӣ۾ģ²ǳɵˡ
࣬ô˵ݶŮͣҲЦ˾ͽʦԶǿͣôȡЦ˼أ
˵ǲȡЦŮҲЦ⣬´˾ͽƽһۣЦʦ鸡ƺʲôѽ֮£˵˵
˾ͽƽ̾ϢһֳЦޥģȻ㡭
Ҳߵ̨ǰ£һڣֻ̾һ£ί¡
Ӱ׹֪λԼδ£ʮֵ⡣
Щ쵯ٳϣдν紦Уֻ˵Ŀ
ڶԷǲ࣬⡣
һ̶ȣȫԳԽ壬Խء
ʦ֪ǵ顣˾ͽƽ̾ǲĿŮ
֪֪£ѵ㲻ɣֳûסġ
غüһһƲ˵Ӧþˣ̨üòɿֺܲá
ãô˵˾ͽʦҲ飬¾ϣ㲻Ҫڿ̡
İ˰ңתͷ˾ͽƽЦľܣΪԺĴǰʦҲ̫ԥüͨǵѡ񡭡ʦѧˣѾΪѡ˵·ѵẦǲɣ
֪˾ͽƽ̾һ΢΢
ǽʦֿɲˣ˵ǰʱ䶫ɵĿͷг˴⵹ҲˣǰҲƲʵǿþˣ֪ұͶһᲪȻŭʱֿ׶༪١
΢΢һҽҲ˵˾ͽʦҲҪ̫ǣֻ£ȥ׶ȵĸ״ˣʱ¡
ǰǵ飬ʦ׶㾡ܷľą̇̄Żȵ϶ü˵룬˾ͽʦҲľͬ࣬ͬʿڰɡغҲǿ˵
Ҫ˵˾ͽʦָɴ಻Ҫȥ岽ƣһֱˣҲȥʲôʦֵɫǺã
Ůһ羲ݹˣһ̬ϲԱ˵˾ͽƽĶˣһʱ֮䵹Ҳ鷳ֻĿţȴǰ˾
λʦãҪȵҲԣֻҽδɣƲҩʦҪϲ١ʦִڽŶ֮ʵ̫ϧ
塢öһۣͷϿɡ
ܹܿͷӺͱӵĽôΪܹѧУʵԵ
ཿЦ˵˾ͽʦֱģֳֻӶݷΪλ˴ֻҪѧʹãǽξͻȻѣҲΪǡ
ô˵
Ҵھֳһ÷Ŷʱշ֣һУܲҵ·֮䡣
˾ͽƽһϲֳᦵʮС
ȱȷõʲôΣա


1455 ѡϣ
Ǻ˰ۣҸġ
˾ͽƽؼҽڣδʱ򣬶оʹһ̾Ϣ
˭
巴Ӧ죬һһɫһ㣬߻ԡ
غҲһת䣬˵վͻΪһӰ˻ҧ
һﻯܲ
Ԫͬһ㣬Ů֣Ƭˮɾˣȫ˹ͬй
ңγƷΣΧ겻͸
ԪУͻȻһŰֶۣ꣬ĮƬꡣ
һӰ黯ʵʵ飬Ϳʮɿռ䣬Ůߣץá
žžž
ذȻ
ǰ⻪һٶϨ
˾㵻ͷ
ͼԼ߰Զ˾ͽƽѾȫģץס
ôȥģÿٶȡ
оȣһʱٶȹ
غҲջĿǰӰ
ȻԼһ֣ȴҲע˾ͽƽľٶ
˷ĸӦ˾ͽƽһɲǣһʱ䲢ǹܾͬһֱ˳Զ
ʣ߻ƣص
ңͬʱ˾ͽƽһʱóֳᦣһݣҪ
ֵĵڣ߾ͳһӰֻһץʻĻ˸ɸɾ䡣
Ȼͱץס˲ӣȫ̱Сһ޷ס
غ࿴ף֪һ˲䣬˾ͽƽѾס
ȫԪһһˣʱǰϵ⣬׸
ֳ֧ᦣҲѾ˶ԷС
ʦϢŭ
˾ͽƽȻãͻܳﻹ٩٩̸ķ̬ȫǾ֡
ĵȻճ
һλᣬȻˣճҲûʲôġ
Ȼ˺ܴѪһֵĵӣȷЩ²
ЩŬջ񣬵Ҳܲ
뷨Ǻõģʩ˾ͽƽϣöԷĸжҳϣ£ˡ
һΣճɻûʲôúڵġ

˾ͽƽɽ֮ʱճҲں档
ţСֵַܹ£Ǽ̸˽ճҲǲ̡
һС۵ˣҲ֮
ǣķչôԸ
˾ͽƽһ̶ûֱͣ뿪ȫûϡ
ճֳƿͨУȣͷ֣ԼС˾ͽƽ
һﲻüȻŮ˵£еӶԼ֡
ֳᦵҲ˵ǲܹԼʱУҲҪ
ҪǣȻҶ֣
˶𱨣Ұġ
Щջˡ
ӦǺܿ죬һҵóһֶӿתȡʱ䣬ֱӶֳᦵʱշܡĳ˲١
ճǺЦ˾ͽƽ۹Į
磬һգۼͱơ
֪ŮĹԼûвͲᣬֱƵ˾ͽƽĽ⣬ֳᦡ
ʱҲæϸС鶴Уϸֻ꾫
µ浾ׯţµȽϲ˸ɫ歲
ңŮƣûа˿аȻϰڷţһϲ
Ϊʣݹ̬һ˶ҩԲΪԴһЩȥʮ˾꣬Ǳҩ˼ַϡ
üɺˣ˶Уѹֺųƴ˵ճ߳âŮһۣ̲ס̾Ϣ
䱾ˣκ
ճҡҡͷϧ߰ɣҳ֣Ȼ£ȴҲɽ֮նħ
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غüһҪ֣ǰһסбֹã
ϾǴ㣬ΪһЩҲƽһЩ
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ֻҪһԣͻǡ
֮£пסԼõĳ嶯
תճʦֲ۸Ůʲô£̫ûз𣿡
ǺǣǸոƽĳ˵ʱ򣬿ûԼŮӡճЦһȴǰ̾
ʶʱΪܣȷúף֪ԼɱģʱʾȴȻ
Ůʣ뵽ռ£ճжȻһ
һ£ͻȻЦ󷨣ȥƲúˡʵ㣬ֻȥҲδ̫ɷ羰
˸֪Է˵ĲǼٻο˶
һ룬ççɽӳ
ճЦЦ˾ͽƽֱɽ¡
Ůϡ
ǲûܣֻҪոͷͷһɭüģ֫Ԫѵֻίίĸճɽ롣
һ߲ʽӹʣȴҩ
˾ͽƽСͻȻ򣺡Ҿ˵ÿθ±߾ͿӰԭأֶܸΣͿߡ
ǵȻ⻤󷨿Ǽ˲£濴Ƿֲ˵ġ˼ұϾǶɸֶ֣ĩѧģҲ
Ǵʦ˵ҲûãֱӴ˽ȥץˡ
Сֱðǣʦˡ
ճԼʦõĳݣѺżƲ
塢غԣʱѾʧȥ־
ɽϣʵ㵽Ҫδǣ
ղŲеǰȱ˰ɣ֪˭ǲһȡ
ճԺУ̧ͷƿգһԲǾĵȴ
忴һƽճڲܿƵĲֻԼڶԷз·͸һ㣬ʲôزס
غ൹ŷɽ붯ֲҶ֣һֱţ۹ɨ̱ڵص˾ͽƽʧ


1456 ѡ£
ʦܣƶһʱ䣬ȥҽ̻һ󡣡
һͷֳȵϺվͷųһƬͣ˽ͬʱЦԵװ˵
ճڴ˾ϳλʦƽ֪̽ʦ׷ɱԼ
ʱճոմԽƣ󷴻ɱ
λʦʦܡ
ˣʦֵܶδۣúúһ´£̨ɽɹţǲþܾ
ݹ׾ĵװߵͷӦĿһֵüƴֻǻһ˽ݣػȡʱ˳մҲͰˡ
ʦϢɲ̫ͨϵ䣬һװİߴӺСͷ
׹һھƣƺ«бɫˮ˳½󣬽һƬʪۣȴҲ⣬ֻ̬ŵĵλʦ֣ǿ⼨ϪǿʲôͬɽһƬƽһüӳ֣ܲš
ΤʦˣһΪϲϴ˴ξۻˣʦܿʲô˵
İߣҲ֮ͬΪѵʨӶΤ٣֪ͬʦʦܡ
ƺΪʦֵĵװȻǳɽĦˡ
֪ʦȥ˳ɽʦ̸£۵òڣҪҲΪ˴ƶһί¡
ǶɽϢ̫ͨЩ黹֪
ʱΤ˵ʦһͿ
֪ʦ̨֣ɿǳһ˲õڵӣǺ˵ǲ֪ǶɺεͷᣬͰˡ
ʲôĵӣ
֪ʦȫɫ䣬ƵĻɽоЩĪ
⻹ֹǰʱ䣬ʦܻڴ˴һϷüһŮɱԻɽƲ֣˺ôˡ
ķҲˡ֪ʦ΢΢һ𣬰ƮƮȻʮ𶯡
üɵĿͷʮ֪ʦǲԷȼ硣ϣȻû䣬Լżְձġ
ǣλӾͲһˣԼȫһεɷٵٸˣųƵɡ
νߣڵΪʵ˵һƣҲǷţȻ˵֮
ССĻɽƲɹĻֵ˺ȥ
ôˣ֪ʦĿ⸴ӣһ¾˹
Ϊ֪λȥĴֺ˼ݵıºý
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Τ˵þҺݺᣬüɫ衣
Ǳǿһ˶Ʋҥһͷˮȥ˼ҵ洫ӡֻһɽͱǽͻϮ˻ɽ֮ϡ
Τ˵ޱȣȫǸ̾޳;衣
ɲ֪ΪΣȴϲ⡣

Σǰ˵µĵӣ˵ʦҲĪҲģ˳ĬΣƺѾϢˣʵ
ģͲʮǺСȴݺءɽĶüһ̧֮ͷ˵׺ĪΤ̾ѡ
ǣèСèֻüѹüֱˣ̨֪и֮ƣǣüĿ⣬˵ˣһǼٵġ
̸˵䣬ȫΪܡ
ڴʱһȫͷȥ
翴ֻһʽ͹â𣬷
нٻ̨µӾۼжû龰ˡ֪ʦһֱ㶿ֱʽ͹Ӱ
ǼǵãԪʦԭʱ򣬽һķӦ޴ơ
ɺ̨µ㣬˵ųٻӣĴѰãһҵõ
ʲôˣȥ
Τ֣ųӣΪ֡ʱноʲôϲּ鷢
Ļո˵ڣͼͷβһýӰͻȻ֣Ǹ°㼲Ծڣֱɽȥ
ʮӰһһԪƣонʮ˴ﵽʦΪ£ɫ
̨ӣгɣǸϻɽȥ˰ɣ֪ʦüһҲɣһ𣬻ΪӰֱ죺ߣҲȥơ

Ʋ
ʮվΪţ
ﲻŵӴɽ¸Ҳ죬ĬĬĹӡ
ԶһЩҩũͣվһԡ
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ҫ֮£Ʋ类һ㱡⣬ԵüΪ͡
˾ͽƽ֮ȴǴű䡣
ſڵϣ֫ȴʹĲͷ­ʣｹޱȡ
ôĳ棬Ҫˡüأôˣʱһֱӣһֱ಻ԣ˾ͽƽҲûйĻҰо
ΪʱǻãԼԺ󽫲ͬ죬ֻʱģһж
ȴһͻأĸоͬˮ֮С
ǰһ̻ٯٯ飬ʱȴǽͽָоرˬ
ѹǣ廹غ࣬˶ԸͷԼһۣʧǲ̣
˾ͽƽ£עճ㲨
ڻƤ̫ʦϣ˫ִס֣΢΢ʡ
һԶԶͣסǰɵùЦ
ǰʱնɱķЧʱͳˡ
ü˹ȴԶУҿ
ڹƣѰҲֵĽ𣿼ֱ̫ˡ
ճЦͻȻ˵ģģѾˡ˾ͽƽ㹴üʦŵҲˣôЩʵݣһʱͿҲпԭ׷Ϊϳɡǧ򲻸ãŷҳ֣ʲôΪŹʲôҸҡ
ʦߣɱ
ʮӸոոϵɽϣûŪô£ʱʦ˵ȫߣӦ
ԣʦƲɸӿνŹֻһȴϧ±Ͷ̥֮󣬺úѧһ¶ָôд
ƽճһȥˡ
ͣԾʾڵӡ
ֱնɱɡ
Ŀ̣֮ۡ
ǣ
ƽˮ
ɡؼҽɫֻǽлһȴ֪Ӻοڡ
ʦλʦ˾ͽƽ˻ֱؼҽãľˡ
ЩȻŪˣԼԶüɣŮΪҪϵ˶ɽ֮¡
ǶüɣؼҽãԸ⿴Լµġ
Ϊʲôüɸ˻
˾ͽƽ׹˵Ļȴ
ΪβɣճЦЦĿؼҽã˰ıƲѱ飿


1457 ʦϣ
嶨˶񣬻ݲҵ˸ҵĸУΣ֣˾ͽʦֳѽ٣ʦ飬һΡ
ĸΣ֣Ǹ̨ɿйϵճЦһҪ͵ϷǱʦȴã벻̨ɻʲôԴڵɣɢˡ
ɫһףᣬǣԼǰֻҪʦִ˴θ̧֣öţ˵¡
šճвһöĸʮТ˳Ϊ˾ȵɴΪ¼˾ͽƽʱǲˡ
Ȼһԭ
һٻӤ޳ȻǸ£ΪһпϵǰβһϹϵ
ǿһȡ
ü֮·Ϊü֮ǰվʦŽϵ
пһŽ֮ܡ
Уº˷Դӳüٷ֮󣬾ͽӶ죬з޽˫˫ЩŹˡ
Ӹ˵ȥ
üܳ£˵ûйŹ֣˭Ű
ԣճĲ֮Упϵߺš
ȻҲǲ²⣬δ֪ϾõϢ̫٣̫ס
ܹ׵ҲС
ʧܣغѾͷֻ޿ԪΪС
֮ʿΪ󹦵£ĴնħͲ˰ǳȥ
ָ֮һ·ˣΪԼĩʮͽܷ̫治ܡ
Ҫ˵ĶͽܡԼͽܲò޵кøУôܣ
˵Ѳ֪תĸ䣬λˣмעֻСˣһ⡣
ԣ˾ͽƽҪ˵ҪԸӡ
ͺáճϸЦݣ˵Ҳǲ飬˾ͽƽȻ壬񼫡ʧ˽̵ҲܵϣҲпԭ
ŮϷ˿˿ϲɫһתֵȻܲԭ޹ʾһǼȻ飬ܲܿտڰ׻Ҳ±ˣⱲӰɡ
ֻҪ̨£ͬʦãҲǲܸһӣô
̸ˡ
ðɣ۲Ůֵˡ
ã͵£λڵɸ֣΢£λųµһɵĸ߸֡
Ȼһе˳Ȼǿơ
ĳЩһ㶼Ƚϰϧ棬Լ̫ѿˣպ϶Ŀɳ
鷳
ҿôáǰɫһЦӯӯĳڳС
ϸ˿ؼҽãĵ˵ͷЦȻع㡢ʲװѹοǡǶѵ¸ķྶͥȴǲ̫ðʦϰաҿǼΪ̣Ҳ̨µɽҹ
ʦճЩɵۡ
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ĿС
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ʱСŸǰǶ򣬻ǶԲϼʦ̫Сİλϡ
ʱʦҲȫѶüɷˣ
һЩڣֵ³Ҳһֱ̫ɽƲ̫λʦɡ
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ѹҪؼҽöȻܾЩϣԷӦܱסһ
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˾ͽƽȥʱؼҽ˹
ȫʧ
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ʱһ˾ͽƽ񣬾ףһλ²ôܾ顣
Ůȫ̾ϢĮȻ
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ѿڵҺôӦˣֻҪ˾ͽƽסȵĸѽ١
ãТ˳ĺˣͽܿпܣֹ߻ϧ񣬼޸ûǽ˶Ƚһ£赣ǣѵܲԼĸɣ
˵Ż͵͵ճգգۣʮֵ⡣
ճԪӦ֮£ȴһ˿
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ճҲ뷨
Ȼ֪ΪԼͽͽǣˣĲš˵ԼʦıĲǡ
Ҳʦ̫ϸҲʲôر⡭
Ȼ֪غ಻ܰԼΪʦ
ĩͽ˵ıŮȫӦоУϰڡ
һԼΪʦǿǽ޿ɽ̣ӵܡ
ȥûк˹
ͬ˵ƲﲻΪʦ
ûմ˷չȥǶüɣҲûרյţʦǵȵ˾ͽƽü֮ˣ˳ưֻСС
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ͨ͸仰ͽһ⣬ճ̾Ϊֹ
ҲǽˣҲȢС檣ԪԼ°
ʹ˶£Զһŭȣд
һͼԶ⻺ü̲סˡ
Ҳԣٲ棬ѳɶ֡
ǾҪ֣ҲѰʵɡ
ͷͷڣýٻֻۣƶˣޱ߹Ӻݡ
λüƽ̷˴ʱѾŭˣü۽Ǿ⣬߳̨ҲɣСռλС檣´ȥδͬЦ
ԭһˣŷ˵̫ˣӺͿΪȫ¶üɹϽ
һͷɵգЦĪ˶࣬ҪҼӣҲ°˵Բԣ
һɫ䣬ɫһ¾ͱͨ죬Ǳġ
仰ֱָ
üҲûвֱɵ飬ԻìܣǸ߸ϵֱָǷǡ
֮󣬱˾ʲôҲ޻˵
ûа취Ϊüʵ̫ǿ
ǲӵ⣬Ǵ治аħǾǱĶ󣬿¡
ɶµǱڶ࣬ɾˣɽŵĺ
ǧ˰ţԭÿһ·ѽٷ˵ʵڵģôаħ
ʵˣü˵ǣǣҲǡ
򵥡



1458 ʦ£
һ仰ֱӾ͵ˣ𣿸̨ɵ֪
һô˵
һԵ˺һᣬԥǷ棬ٲͻأŲòͷ
ѾиûףʱƲ棬ֻǲѲųϣѹԷ
ٿǰƣֻоϻġ
һΣȥ˾ŻɽÿһСšҺܲҪҪԼµӡ
һʱһʱȴӲͦ˵ͱˣ
ȿȡ
Ӱһϼʦ̫ЦеĺʲЦɹôԲӣ˹£ֻؼҽá˵˾ͽƽĻ£Ǽǰµģٸİɡ
æŴԲȴǿھͰѼ̧ѹˡ
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ȻԣüͷȻ֪ôش
˾ͽƽµ飬˵ʵڵģǲôġһ⣬ͻͷճ
ȻϰԵͽܰ
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Զվŵˣǿ˸߲ңʱҲȫüͷ
֪ʦźЦλѿﵽɾ磬ͽĶ̫࣬˹ˣʱ÷ְǺޣ˵𸴵̨ɣǵ֮ʱҲ濹⣬￴Ҫˡ
ҿδأɹȻһЩͽܿɲʲôǵġΤϥɽͷһھƣ۾ȴڡ
ڻɽһβʱգǴ̽һЩ˲֪أĳλʦֵƢԺ˽⡣
ȴûйעʦʦܵĲֻͬĿͻȻ̾ϵһЩʵ飬ɽƲһӱ¼Ȼ˶ͬǰΧۣܲ򵥰ǰʱȭĴٿʢ
֮̾ɫΤҲȥͼˡ
ɽףΡ̫ͥɽξԪвݲϷֳ桢ϴɽ⥵ףŮʯҲˣиʦЩ䵱Ҳˡ
ձüǿѹȥ˾ͽƽؼҽãƲҲǴ¶пΪ
Τٸ̾
ȻͷԼλʦּһĿǰߣȻѾ벻ı仯
תͷ˵һüĵĺʮɡ
Ƕ棬ȴվһŰۡͷڵˡ
һֻվƿգϽҫĿ
ķӿţ·ʮֲ
һԲϾͿ𣿡Τ˷Żƺ«ֱͣסˮȫ֮У֪
ȻΤˡ
ճֲǷӣĻᶯʹܣֻǰ˵
ƣ߱£粽С
û뵽Լֻգǰü˾ˡ
Ҳˣɫıʱ¶˳
ճЦһĿɨؼҽãйڵϵ˾ͽƽ
λຢҲ֪ǿԮǴһȻԪȫȴͦñֱüĿӢͦɫ㡣
϶ҲüƱزԼﻹ棿
ճĿ˼ֻ֣ǿŲϼʦ̫ǺЦʦ̫ǰѹˣĪΪλǰԶ˳ŵȥܱŻС£ãҾһ䣬˾ͽƽǲ̨ӣʦţò÷
ϼʦ̫üëšͬһֻӬһ㡣
ȥƻص˾ͽƽϡ
ջͽСӶ㵽üУƫƫ᲻ñ˴µĽҲҪҲҪ㶼ʦˣһֱɵɵ
ϼһʱû˵ʣճҲ룬ֵȻ÷ô˴ҪɱҪУҲֲü˵İɡУؼҽöΪĸУţȵ˾ͽƽһĸѽ٣ȫһƬТĿɼΣҿǿǣ
Ҳȶǿ磬ֻתͷʵ塢غ࣬ʦǿԸӦ
ūԸ⣡ŮӦ
ʱҲ㿴ˣüԭרŴġ
ϴμ֮ʱǰ׹ݿǰڳһյģʱȴ޲ߡ
֮󣬼ֱ
Ůգˣͬʱȴֵû̫ѹ
Сѣ»Ϊã̫˾ͽƽĸ׿Ҷüӣô͹ʲá
һ˵ĸ̨أϹʲôƪͷŰһܴң˵һ˾ͽƽƲȫҲУǴ򲻹͸ҹ
һڣ
ճ߳Ծģӱն
һ£첻Ҳû̫仯ֻǵĻӽնƺϷһ㡣
׹ȴɫ䣬һˡ
ǰһ˷ϸСӰ֣֮ǰһ󡭡
˶һƣͼ֮УȻ¥󣬸ɽӡ
ʢ
Ȼʵʡ
Լ棬Ūٳ棬׹һ֣Ԣڹ֮䣬Խ磬ǵ΢
΢ԡ
һ֣ԶԶһƬ̾ϢоţԼԴ˵Ƚֲܷܿ嶫ϱֻܴ
üܴټɶ֮쳹£ȻǷ׿ɱȣһ־Ÿ컻ơ
һ̣˶ھ̾Ŷüԣһ̣ȫѻȸ
ֻꡱһ졣
ǻ칬ɾĽ󣬾ͬһƬƬ飬һ߽ԽԽԽԽǺ󡣵󾹻óһصľ޴Уź¡¡նƿռ䣬նķ𵴣Ű׹ݵͷ䡣
ᣡ

﷢ͼ׹ɫ⿰ǰѳơ
뷢ţֻǼһ˲䣬ͱ˫նõɶ
ͬڵһ㣬ݡһççȺɽ֮С
ߡ
÷ϵ黨ɫתͷͷߡ
ϼʦ̫˸󣬾һҲͣ
Ҫ˵ˣ׹Ȼδˡ
һй֣סɾ޴һƤһ÷ɳ·Զﻹ
ҲףԼȫΧܲвǰ˻˵˵һֳħɽš
ԶŸɢפҲ֪ǵѣ
²Ϊȥıߡ
üһеı֣ȫĪ
ճɹһһʡ
ֽ֪
üˣûоս;ģһвǶ֣߻Σ
ֻ֣ƾȻеں棺ΪβߣĪǻҪϲ磿Ҫȡ
ڰգɫһ˿ŭȴǿʵֻԽ˵һ仰˳֮ΣǿС檣ʵ˾Ϊ
ҮҮԺε˵˻Цķ˹üëţ͸ϲ޸ҼͽΪ󸾣һȢС檵飬Ҳ޿ɺǡϴΣ¶ˣҲ⡭
ʲôһû˵ء
òʮźˣһʧããʡ


1459 籾ԣϣ
ʦ
ճҡͷ
ò˵һ̵սΪǿ
һѹؼҽãܶüƽ̷ˣơ
һʱ֮䣬һ˭ǵ֣Ψýŵķ緶
ǰѹֱԣҵҵͼıȡΪȣ˺ܴ仯
һ˿أ˼á
ôʦܲ⡣
δĿһԶȥıӰòתͷЦҪǲĻΪʦǰʹգؼҽΪӣҲǲԡ
⣬òˣʦ֣Ƿͬһ㣬涼˼ˡ
ճæ
⻹ࡣЦΣͱˣͿǸ̰ɫġ
ճԶԡ
Ц䣬ʰ飬ĿʮֹŹֵĿճСʵҿĽǿ˲٣üϵ΢һҲ˳ƳʦѾ㳬Խ࣬ǻԪһͻˣ
ͽܣʵЩˣֻÿ춼б仯
ǴαķͻϮٱͷβ׷ɱƵɽˮʱǻҰġ
벻ʲô취ƾ֡
ʱ̣뵽ˣعһãһ֮Уȷжٿʱ⡣
ֵܹ׷ģֻеճѧ¶֮ʱ
ʱÿһ춼ڽʱʲô룬ʲôóеĴ꣬ϸŵĵԽԽأڣǰԼѹˡ
νɹõ˵һˣƴڻСУ崺磬˶һ˶
ȻҲֻһߣ˭Ըߵţ
أʱ̣Լͽͬ·һ㣬¾ʹÿͷĶӣ
ȻκԼ֮ʦͽΧɱķΪԼ˴
׮׮˵Ĳ˼飬С
Щ֮ڱ˲֪£ɹڷһֱص
Ϊ֣Щ鲢ҪԼһ˳еĸоˡ
ȻλֵļһԼͽܣԼλʦϹҲס
ʲôϵأ
治֪ôģջԪʦ˾֮ʱûȫΥ˳ʶ
øèһ㡣
׾ҪʳѾϲȥʦˡ
ճЦ˵ʦǫѷҲ¶СʦԺ󲻷㡣
û£ΪԼģƭġ˵ӲزʦʦڵӣŵȺҵרͽܱʦǿһܿĵ飬ʲô˼ģ
ȻЦ
ճȻ𾴣һŮ֮縺ɵ֮𣬲˵ôȥüԣȻ˸
ԼλʦȻΪףҲЩɵɵģԸе㣬Ϊֵѧϰ
£ҲԺƭݵʦǿǽҲû̫ϵʵˡߣ޲ԪǿΪ٣Ƕ塣ѽٷҲѡԪɶɣƫ棬˷
ʦһ룬Ԫͷɷɽ֮ʱǻסϹ֮ʱԪֻƷʥΪϳˣֻ߽ݾȴԴ
ճ˵úֱףؼ˵Ǵ
Լġࡱ֪Ƽ
ڴ˷磬ǶüţǸҸһ׷󷨱Ԫ
ΪȡؾͣɱǿԪ򣬴߶ԽɱУƽٳɷնħ
£ϺȵԵòôҪ
ʮϰֵ꣬ܿܵס˼Ļ
£ôȤȥ
ˣʱһƤ׵ȵ磬ɳػ߰һһϺ塣
ԣҪ˷˵ǿĺôȷʵôףճ׵ġ
̨ɴбôһŹǻԪ޼
ǵԪʦûɵĹƺֻǸոСɡ
ҲΪûңν֮󣬲Ż档
ͷ͵Ϯһܸܿκβ
ѹ׹֮ճʱͿӣԺı֮Ȼһ㣬ֹǿһ
ճϸϸ쿴ˣŻԪ޼ķţȡ֮壬ԪศˣǸ֮ͬսΪǿ
ȻȲϾתҲһϺõ幦ˡ
ԭˡ
Ź⣬ЦҾˣԪͻͽսǿʵΥԭΪʽһͺ϶ֱԪ޼
ʦ˲̫á
ճʦˣԻ·
ͺϵĺؼҽûأûǵԴѾظˣ
Сʦҩͷһԣһһʵģƺ͵Ц
ճĿȴͷСӶЩ죬ܲʦķԷ
ճ絹ǺкøС
ɨռ籾ԡ
һ飬·
µûٹһʱ䣬ʵֻźܴ



1460 籾ԣ£
ˣλŴʦִΪʦˣȥЪš
ңңĿһԶɽ룬ﻹӰ
һ˿Īâ΢΢˸Ͳɽǻعȥˡ
ճȻ
⻰Ϸʣġšҧúء
˵˵˼ԣôôãҾΪʦҲаֿ⡣
ˡҲá
ճ̾һɫһ࣬˵˾ͽƽ㷸´塢λʦ飬һ⣬ӣԪͽٴʮޣϷ
˾ͽƽ̧ͷ⣬һЩϲ⡣
Ԫ񽣷ôƣѵܰԼѧϰ֪ʶƵһ㣬ϣһ
ڶʮ޵Ƭ㲻ʲôˡ
ѦԵҸͷԼʮޣʱ򶼰ˣʱڻ¡
ͷӦϷ
͸ŵ죬ȴûз֣ڵȫ¶֮ɫ
ҩҲһĿ⿴
ʲôᷢ䣿Ƕǰ·سͷˡ
˾ͽƽǰЩһֱεɴ£֪ƲЩҵŵ³
˵ȥŽ磬ҩԾ
նƲҲܾȵû
ʦ˵ջԪͽȫôһ¡
ǴӸĨĸԺҲûѧᡣ
½͹Ԫˣؽ֣һЩ̻ܡ
Ҳûǣ̨벻˼ά˿µĿհףôҲЭˡ
˾ͽƽϷճݵĮ˵ͷҲûж˵
üķһʹ⣬ΪΣֱֱڶԷС
һâ˾ͽƽһܾһ硣
̧ͷ΢΢ЩãȻž䣬ֻʧȥʲôΪҪĶ
ûףͷԼܶˡ
ǰ޴ڵУҲ
Υɸоȫ
һ˿ϲɫæͷ±˼š
ڴʱͼһ׳ŵǰֱ֮ɫ־ץ˹˵췣ɡ
Ҫȥˡ
˶ס
˾ͽƽջ𣬸оʮ߳ܡ
λŵϵõģӴţɽԻʵֻ׶Σŵеĵβڡ
϶ʱ䣬˾ͽƽɽҴħ֮һӣƨƨ߰ǰźš
˾ͽƽȻܸʹȴʵûнЩӿ
˵ʵڵģЩǰԶɵ洫ȣɽŵϣȫֵһᡣ
ǣʱ˿̣ӴţŵҲұԼ˿ٿ
ŶԷץַ̨ƽɽʽ˾ͽƽ粿΢࣬Ĳһнˮʽűÿ
۷ڣ췣Ҳ衣
һ;֫ôҲЭ
ԭһתѾȫ·δѧϰ
ǿֻһΡ
ʹţֶԷѹ䣬ɽһ㣬пܶܵķλסˡ
һѾͱסӣͬһֻСһ㣬ȥ
ô᣿
˾ͽƽ񾪿־

һЦ˿˵һһͲ֪ʦֵֶΣջؽԪ֪ΪԼȻǸء
ǣ˾ͽƽһ̯࣬ǴʦԪඥ֮־ְιĽƵأӶԷƣĿŴУ
ڸв֪ʧȥݸ򣬾ԶʧȥԺ󣬼ѧֱҲ˳ɾˣɱ̾
˱пɺ֮ҵģֵ˭ԱЦ
ԱߵļλֶڡžıУûһСͯ
ǿҪס˭в塢ʦ档򣬽յ˾ͽƽǶ³
㿴㿴ϱˣԼһΪˮԺϽ֮·ΪһĴڣɽϱ䳰ÿһ죬İĺ֪ڱ˵ĻзӭЦȿȡ䣬ǲڲ˾ˡ
ճűҳ˾ͽƽϣѹֵƺЩ꣬ЩֵĽ̵֮ԣһʱоʮֻѻϷ衣
Ŀ˿ߵؼҽãʮֹҲסתͷƽɸƲΪɽΨһɣ֮ˡȥʹ⣬ɽ衣ţӭʦй֮С
ǣʦ֡
ƽܹâһȥ
ʱȻδﵽһ磬ǣǣԪ
Ԫ֣ɱлǷһЩֻǷУȴ졣
ճ֪ЩĶǺźɣȴǿԳԽ
ʱδȥЩˣӦü򲻵һȥ
˵ĵˣѡ
仰һԣȴҲȥ
˶üƣǺݺݵµһɵӣڵϲֲȡ
һѹͬǺõġ
˵ǰüɻ̫ӻɽƲֻΪǽѢ֮Ϊǡ
ô˽ֻ֮Ҫɵϣ϶ᶯˡ


1461 ֪֪ˣϣ
Τһڽ«ľˮ˸⣬˫Ŀų⣬һ񫡭
һ߸ߣЦʮˬʣʦ֣նü˳˴ͷǻû̧ͷǴȥпΪ
ҲֺǺǵЦЩüɺɶϵʵҲӸź֮󣬶Լ¸ŸɣȫƲӣҲǼˡ
ϣ̨ɾҸȼ˵ӣȴǰѶüҲȥһأɢ޶ϣ
˺Τٵϲԭġ
ǳ棬ɳҰսᣬ
ǰЩʱգüɲ֮㣬ô֮ࡣ
ɶϸƵƵսǿúܡ
ڸŸɶΣ޲
ϣڵζüȽ֮䣬ȡһ߻ᡣ
ǣԼŬܵ˵ȻǱġ
ԼڽüȻڽңñԼҪ죬ô˵
ԣֻҪڶüλǰסǰ̫ܵңܹɽ𣬶˵һʤ
ʱɽƲʦͽһ˶üƣǻͷҴ롣
⡣
۰ɮҲû뵽ɹþȻôֱʣǶһ¾ͺˡ̫ϧˣ¶ڼȴѾʧȥЧˡ
֪ʦ̾һЩϧ
εĽĪͻͣɷأ֮ǿľҲ֪ôģǰĻԪʦҲֻʮ㣬Ҳû˿ҰĴ򷨡
֪ʦ˵ģʵǾ⽣ʮϤƺһ㡣
ͬĺŲͬ޼᲻ݡ
ôʦΪʲôף
֪ʦ˵˵žüΤЩơ
СʤüǴϲ֮ʱģôأ
λʦܵĵĿ⣬֪ʦʧЦҡͷȴûаĲ²˵
̨ɽεʵԣɽ֮İ׹ݶסĶӣǴѳɡ
뵱ɱԼʦǣʵҲκãѴĵףôˡ
Ļ˵̫ѿ
ολʦԼʵΪô뵱մҴҼŵλͽΪͬ
ҲԼҲһ
½ͬԴƵķͽҲһʮϡ顣
ΤʦܣϢ֪ͨ⽭εĳ
Ȼȥ׷֪ʦȴЩɻ󣬺Ȼʵ
ʦҾʶˣȻѾսԻͣʱöüЩ̧ͷĳ֪
ΤΪĵҽһֱڻɽżȻ˽޺ԪȹһپƣҲ̫üô˶֣ȴԭҵġ
£ΤپͽճԭΪˣڽϿ·ϣͬλͬѧͨı㣬һṳ֮̆뽭˵ˡ
ǽҲӦˣһǻѪѵʱĴɱ˸仨ˮԺͨҲһۣʵ˴۾
ȻȫšʱݳǸҪҩ£Ҳոռˣְѽ¼£Ľ̵ȻǺ
֪ʦĽֱˮ
ԼʱҲڣβȻҪ¡
ž޵ĵӣôӶΪ
ȻҲ·ȫ֮ԴܹȻСʵǿ
ϧϧ
ʦҲ̫Ľ˵ģڳһܱȵɹءɹΪ¼ֱ޻˵û涼ϰԵĴһӡ㿴Ϊɴеĵʲôģˡ
˻֪ʦЩ֡
˾ͽƽǰһ˵ӣһ쵽ĽŶüɵĽԼɵĽȥϰոڲϼŮӺ棬ʵʲôһѦĵӸ˵ˣЩϲƲᣬֱһǴҪûʣҪƷûƷ
ҲֻԸ񣬲Ż᲻һԵΪ¡ѽֻҪŶԷһȡ֮أΪӵģ˶˵Ǽʳˡ
Τ˵úЦͬʱЦ
ô˵εʱҲô֪ʦʦ˵ʲôȴȻš
ԿóλʦֻҪվɽ
һһ֮ɭϣԾ
ϹҲܿó˲ͬɡ
ЦյĽεȻûϰɼҽҲѧһ㽭ʽȻ֪ƾʲô취ɱͨҲ֪Ӧûֳơ
ƾ۾ǿжɫġ
ǣʱ뽭ͬʱѵʮӣлһѵ죬ǹʿƴӡһλȷʵδϰգټԴӡ񣬱һУ¡
μͬ˼Ҳ۲úܣ˾ˣҪΪʦüϣϵҲ֪Ǳʺ۾һʱ񣬾ȻϾܾ
ܾԭʲôΪ겻̫㣬һЩŮȾľԪûжǰ;£Ժ̫ûûԼ
Τ˵˵ž͹Ц
֪˺֪վܾˣѾھüɻͷ޸ֶ˲ֹһλʱͺڵѪ
ֻҪ룬͸оİ



1462 ֪֪ˣ£
֪ʦҲĬȻ
ԼʦֵܼʱĽΣֻ᲻ֱ´²أ
ϸһ룬ҲǲӦġ
뵽ɹȴֶ˼
ͯ޵Աܽ۵£üɷ֮ΪҲ֪Ǻǻһס¶Ӣ֮·
֪ʦʵҲߵӵߡ
Ԫͻ־Žƹأûͯһ˳һ㵹ǹϵˡ
ᵽ֮ʱΪԪڲɷһظͺѶɹ
ȥתֻصĻʮ˶ɽ٣оŸ붼ᱻǽɷ֮ĥ
ЩԵǣķޣȲΥԵ©Զǰ̵ģڱʵλޡ
νλޣֻøһģȴзӡ
˵Ƿ򸾣˵ǵѡ
ԲΪ˵Ҳ
ȻжʦͽҲԵݡʦܵĴЦ֪ʦȻ
ðɣҲͯ
ΤһԼʦɫ֪Էʲô
ҡҡͷͼƲλӷйת֪ʦɹ˹ˣô³̣
ҹɣƣۣ紵̨ľӪ֮±ʻŽһͣȴҲ˶üɵľ衣ʱ˵ѾĴˣ׼ˡվǿԣȴóǰ档
֪ʦΪһ֮ǸûƵġ
;򣬼ԶλͬŽƲɽ߹ҲЦǺǵȥ˼ҡ

ɽƲϲȫͬŻɽ𸮴ʱձ䡣
˴γ˶ȥ˶飬ʵѿ
ʱ׹ƣ羵лˮһɼˡ
ûָ˼ӡ
С˵ӯ¿ȱ˵Ǵǣƴ
ָԺ̨Ϊüɴ˵ʯʱôʦ
ʦ֣ոսǽһʲô뷨
ںڵʵ
˵ͷӱܣԪѡ
˵űӱƲʦͽⲻ˻Ϊִˣһʱ죬˶ˡ
ɽȴƤӵ£ĿŶԷ֡
Ǻһն׹ݵ΢һʱᶼûеסֻһӴܡ
Σʲôɶû˵Լ
ǿǿɽʿʵԼͶ֡
˶Ѿȥˡ
Ϊ뽭ֱӽֵİ׹ݣԷǿзȨ
׹΢졣
˴°ܣͼıһ
ջǣǰһܣʵǳ磬Լ־ʮֱúܡ
׹һ˶ٷˣҲûаܹҲϰˣҲ̫ʧ䡣
ÿһΰ֮󣬻ػػȴվЦ
ЩǿһʱĶ֣ʷ֮УҲš
ǿ־СӵĽǿԣ޼᲻ݵζ档зʵڲƴ

üëһⲻĽۡ
з˵һݡ
ڶüʵ
ʵϣڸظвӣ񲼷ظԪżƾ編ۼ
һֺƺƴƣ޿赲
׹Ϊüɵмᣬɶ֮һ˵зݶ֣һˣҲǲҪƤˡ
˵Էô
Ͳϼʦ̫ȫĿȥƵȼСҲȻû뵽ڽεߡ
׹ݱЩڣɿһ˵ҿǶüɽκһ˲֮ʤȥһ㲻ɲ졣
Ŀһע⵽˰׹ݵ֮⣬вһ
ʦֵ˼ǡ
ǲܵ˵Ҫƴ׹Թһ˿Ȼ֮ɫǴЦҲ֪˵ϰʲô¹þˡǣսǿ󲻼þǵиǱĽԻˡ˵ףҲֻһոմﵽԪ׶εĺСˣٵλɻԶأ
԰ҵˡ
һƣϲɫ
ϼʦ̫ҲЦ
Ϊսһ¡
ƴ໥ɱ֮ʱռơ
ǰȴڱƣӦΣռмơ
׹ݵ˼ͺס
Ȼ򲻹㣬ȴûʲô⡣
Է׷Ҳ׷ϣҲܷռ䡣
ȥӲƴֻǴһλսػع˳֣߲Χǲ⡣
˵Щɶϵݡ
һ򡢻ǲϼʦ̫ȫ·ͷһʯһɡ
ֻҪԼݣȻֶοö
ʱѪħ֣죬ԯˣһ죬Եֵ
һ伣㽫
ֻҪӶ֣ıвֻвʤԼġ
ҵ˵СľʧȥԪȻȴҲûٽһĿܣɷپһѹأԶҲȥǲΪ塣Ц
ǰҿܻ֪նһ˼ĳԪƽ١ǰԪǿ࣬ﲻϧؼҽõҲҪһ֮ΪǣҲԶĻǡ
ֻϧ̨ɣԻԪʦ𣬾һɹ٣йϸͲףʱеޡ
ϼʦ̫͵˵˵žЦ
ͷصѹһܸ߸ϸŶԷ
Ժģͷ΢΢Щ⡣
ֻǿϧؼҽãҲ֪ʱǰ֪£뷨
׹̾Ϣȴ뵽˾ͽƽ˵ҲԼСͽˡ
ֻϧǣҲֻˣȶɵá
λຢ˴ӵһ㲻ԺǰȻûˡ
ʧȥؼҽõһ׮ıڶüУ֮أ
Ӣž࣬Ͳһ
οһ
̨ɿϣǶüҲǿ̫ϵġ
ȥ׹ͷЩƵģͻȻһתͷƵϾһʨ볤Ƕȥһ뼫ǰѽմ¾֪
Ȼ̧ͷʱͿʼˣǲЩ֮
ҲˣʦᡢǰҪ²һʱûпС
˵ؼҽõ飬Ҳͷ˼ϡ
ֻмˣһλȻ£ǣüɻؼҽöԨԴ
ֻҪ£ôҲֲܵġ



1463 Ȯ죨ϣ
Ҳǵͷͬĵƣȥ˵ÿһЩһ£ֵ˵˴δƶϵü˥裬ǰ
Ҳ㿴ˣƲʦͽɣܲȥִƶ֮£̨ɾͻ˴֡
ﺰôüԣԼɵǰǺε
ԣЩɢһɢΣƲܻġ
п֣ܳӦþǽʦˡ
ͯԴͽԼնɱ֮һֱĻ۹£ײ棬˵ȥұɵ鷳ˡ
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ټϴ¶֮ΪҲͲˡ
Ϊü֮Դ£ΪǼԺɹаħ಻ʤ
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ͯһ֣һȺʿ֮ʱƲλ˵Ϊ϶ǲϲġ
ôͲѲ²⡣
»һС
µһɣݹǿɲ˵Ц
֮ԣһȥ뼫ͯ飬ؼҽԭ֮⣬һҪԭ˲ĶԷӦ
λüԨԴ׽üǰ˴һ
ܾǰ볤ü˽ãڶüɵĽҲǳ˺ܴ
Ǽͽܣ񣬰Լͷˡ
ôЩǰĽѵͽֻԲз
й˿̣ǰݣ붯֣ʵҲ̫ѡ

˾ͽƽ飬ճҲͷԸӽɢ
ĿˣŴȴǱȥӭӺ䡣
ûʦã洫һЦ
ճ粽룬߰λŸŮȫתۿ
λƲĳδԶӭˡ
ճ֪ЩӦþ׽ˣпܳΪѵʿҲֵ׽ǰ
ңңҵôæЩʧ񡣡æд󣬾㶼վӭӣƽˡ
Цˣ˶λǰְ˫ʽ䣬ʹɶ֮һİ׹Ķӣüƽ̷һ޹ˡ
Ǻεƣ˭ָ浱ĳ
֪ʦֺǺǵЦϲ½ɮոʦ̸գ֮ҪһҪ
˵ͳһɫҲ֪ǰǲ
˻ֱ꣬ʺɫÿһ궼˶ޱȣתصϡ
һȥƲ۾ƢŨ㣬ͷ
ȫ̾ѡ
֪ԼͽܿܲʶЦһԽܵ˻ǽ֮Ʒ֮Ϊҩ֪ʦ̫ˡ
ճһͷֵȫɫӣʹ֮ɫ֪֪ʦǰˡ
ʹԭҲ֪
֪ʦЩ֮ߣó˹͵̫Ҳ˼
뵽ճæѣϺеĿ⡣
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ȻʵǵһλģЩɻԹǿʵǰûٶıҪ
֪ʦˡΤ٣ټɽףΡ̫ͥɽξԪݲϷֳ桢ϴɽ⥵ĴĸɽŮʯˡ
ճһᣬ͸뿪
Щʵ󶼱Լ̫ԶǰҲûȱɣ̫׽ûҪʦء
Ůʯ飬ȴһɵ㣬ĵûȣȻϵá
ճҡͷĵһλԼʦҪɵˡ
˵֮󣬺һЩõ˼˼࣬䵱ˮһԸüȫȻ죬ֻึ
ðɣĽȦԼȥᡣ
ƲǰȫһǣҲһЩС
ʲôλʲô£ǿ϶ġ
ճǰڴ֮ھѾ̸֣֮ʱû¶顣
ģȥҲԲȥҲУû̫ǿЩȭ
֪ʦʯĵֱԿԺ󣬾ǰҪöü顣
ǰǧȥĴ˰æ˼һС
ϸŰæ
˾Ӧû󴥶
ճ΢΢ЦţùϵЦݾҲ
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ĵĿŵӾӴ
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һᣬдŴŵ˳
ƽŹȥ˻ҩҽʦ֣ҲľľȻȻûʲôӦ
£ɢ˰ɡճһ˿⣬֪ʱ˾ͽƽѾưܣĻԵҲûˡ
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˵Ļ֮£ŮҲǳ⡣
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ΪĴԶûи׽ĻᣬȰԼҲҪʧԪΨպɼѡ
λຢޣûʵԵ׽Ǿ˶ɽ֮Ҳһ
ϧǣҲ쳤վõദغڸ˾ͽƽ⣬ᵽԶüɵĵطӣһɢ޷ޣҲٲȥǰ̡
ֻһȡֱͯɡ
￴ʵһͽôá



1464 Ȯ죨£
üɲûеô˾ͽƽ
ʧȥüֵ֮󣬾ˡ
ճԿ϶ĶüѾٲλຢǰ׹Ҳȥᡣ
˾ͽƽƲüһֱ̫ӾͿԿó
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Ӵϴĸ棬ͷʵʵˣҲгһջһɾ
ճջԪ䣬ȴûȥʺ͸û̫
Ȼʧ˻ԵֻҪŬǻһЩɾ͵ģʹ̫ɫܵ˵ЩŵҪһЩ
ǣڿȥȴȫôһ¡
λຢѾԹ԰Թ˵֮ȥˡ
ôҲܴ޵УûĽ̵ƿһ·
ôˣҲãǿ󲻵á
ճ̾ϢһҲͲȥϧ˾ͽƽֵȻòģҲνȥ롣
ǰӦؼҽ˾ͽƽһԱѽ٣ΪСʱ뱦˵
ֻҪڣһ֮ҪжߵΪ
ĻһҲûʲô⡣
ʵճλຢļֵѾϵûС
ʦ֪ٵ׽٣ֻν٣Ҫյϴ񣬴ӶԪ޹ۣǳн٣Ҳ컯
ⵥһճĵãƾԼӲҪѰʲôʱˡ
תתգתϾͿԿ϶׽ٶ̫˺
Ҫúĸɹ׾ٵ顣
£Լ֪˵ؼҽòţҲᵣġ
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δģֻС겢δһ˿һֵѵʲôӦòᣬ˵Ϊδٰʽδһ顣
ճȴҲڹԼġ
ؼҽüȻѾ̨ɣӦ£ܲڷڡ
һΣ˾ͽƽ¼һŪ˰쵽ˮһա
Ҫһ㡣

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ͷҡΣӳ⣬Һ죬޶˶˵Ķ˼ϲɫ
ʵϣһҲϲ
ǿųףΪ̣ǷССŮӣ£Ҳʲôĵġ
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ȻҲֱӰɫЩѾˡ
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᷿˱ܣĬĬţԡ
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ʲô취㿴˾ͽƽΪһеģû뵽ȫôжüɵˣǰ˵ú浽˹ؼʱ̣˶ˡǽʧ˸ĸֻ֣衭
˵˵ţҲֻϣǽܼǵǰԣĸѽ٣Ҳ֪ôźá÷İɣǽҪǿҾԼϯ̷ˣϣܱסԪ
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ڶüɵ֮£˾ͽƽΪ򸾣ȴûһ˿һöԷӣֻöԷȳԼĸѽ١
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һ㣬ǰ֮й̵Ҳеߡ
ȴһˣǲź
廹غ࣬òϣλʦֱ˾ͽƽҪǿ̫ࡣ
ҲԷȻʲôúŪļһ
ִ򲻹˵˵
ؼǣ˻Ǹ̰ɫģʧԪȥ˹˼ɡ
Ҫ飬մӣҲ롣
뵽һĪչ޵ϡﻩױݶˡ
Ѿŵæ˽ױԹλ̣ۿʱҲϧҵͣױһЩڿɺã
ˡӶ죬̨ɽʦֿĴӢ۴úҰ˻ġܼ޸˵ΪһŮ˻ʲôѹأ
ǰǰҲ֪ɼɶ˵Ԫټѡλϸ룬ƵԯŮǧշüɵªϰ
ƽ䣬ƹ˴һ˶լʱաСԣʲôƵԪԪʵСԣɾš
ǽү귽ʮţѹһޱ£ǧ޳ֵǰ˶Ҫʤһ˵Ԫ֮ʵڲ⣬λɰֻѰλǷſ˼úõֵĻģʱҲЯɣ񲻱֪Ҫࡣ
λ߶߶Ȱ˵ţݵ䣬˵ؼҽŲ졣
һʱ֮䣬ʹ˼Ҳ˵˾⣬ЩԼҽܵĽ̵ǲġ


1465 Ĭϣ
Ϊ檣ճףûд죬ûй㷢
òϣĸϲ£Ųݵλ֮˵Ĵϲ£ܻˡ
ճԼ֪檵Ϣôʹ˳ȥ
峿ƻ裬ɽƲɽǰﲻĿ˺͸֮˼
żһ䣬Ȼ֪ϪǷеλϢͨĹԱʿ𡢵󻧣ɽһ
һЩ˵ŰĻ硣
ǵȻųһٺõģҲһ󣬶ֻ졣
ʵʱ䣬ɽƲ˵̨ɵǣиҵµӳϹϵ
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ò˵ƽЩŵúܲճǴɽ̨Ǿǲ۲۵ȥɡ
ƲСѾܳǳأźܴ
Ȼһԭ򣬾ǶüɵΧ֪ΪΣڼǰȻߡ
ܼʱʱ̨Ӳ̨棬ѾǱƣ̨ѾһҶ
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ֻҪܸƲ϶ϵɽո֡
ճȻЩˣҲԣܹϲ⣬Ҳݵ
ŵæתһʱÿУҩҲæŽӴһЩ̫̫
ЩԱ˵ĺլȻ㲻ʲôҲµɹԽӴѾֲ̫ʡ
ֻλݼȸߣǺ󱲵ʦóˡ
ճãĨһѺ
ֻ檣Ҫʲô񣬸ʲôˣֱӿ磬ǣ붴С
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˵ؼҽúôɼҴУ丸Ǽĩ״ӣݣĸٵǰˣ̫̭СŮңպ˲˵
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ճʦ¡
λСתʱʽϳʲô©ӣЩѾǽ̵һЩԴǡ
˵һѹʱԲԾ˼룬ԽԽǾᡣ
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һʼһԱźؼҽãһʱᶼв
ͨûͨλӵĿˮը֮£һ˿ʧ١
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ճЦһԵٿ׾ƮƮĻԪʦҲΪ̨ɿ֦ɢҶˡ
Ԫʦհ֮ʱ²뵽ɻи֮ա
Ϊ檣ʱҲŵúܽûི̫
ճֻԽεȥżϼңԺпջȥ
ռԭεݣЩȻ鷳һ㣬ܵ߹
޶԰ݡ
ȵϣף֮£ͰŮ붴
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ǰ˵ñͷʹޣһĨỨЩģ»ʲôʣ²̨
Ǵȥ̨ɵĽʦǿɱΪ̣˼Һܲ⣬޿ģЩˡ
Ǵ͡
ճҲܸӵĴһ־ơ
ȵɫɢȥŻ˺á
ŵһ˵ȣճ˻֣ɢȥ
ƽЦЦæкŸλʦ뿪ʦֵĶ˭ȥ֣ûݡ
ݵҲ֣վһԷء
ҩ𣿡
ɢͼҩСվһԣģ֪ʲô
ճЦʵҪݺȱ衣
ոպ˲پƣճ΢΢оڿʣ顣
ҩһͻȻʵɫһ¾ͺˣճһ۵ʲôʱˣ˭ϡȥʲô裬ʦȥæɡ
˵Ҳճػŵŵžܵˡ
ճ̧ͷ죬ŵҫɵլԺУ»ҡͷʧЦ
Լȵ̫ͣȴЩͿˡ
ȷǶʱˡ
ԪתԪ΢΢һܾһŨŨˮ
л΢һɾ㡣
󲽣Ժȥ
زνȾҲǺȸȤа㲻ʣһתͿȫųʱ´죬
Ҳ֪ôһģ˺ҩСѾͷţԼֻǽ̸̸̽̽ģ˵˵ǧֵĽ̵˾ͽƽٴ½㹦ΣҲֻһֵֻһǧ
أ˾ͽƽϻȡˣѾȫɢ
ٿȥҲֻܿһСŰɫâͲǳʱ˳죬Žâľ
֤ţλຢѾı䣬ҲѾưˡ
£ȴϧЩơ
ؼҽ˵ʣʵѾĿˡ
ϰɫֱߣһɫֱֱͦȻءء
ҩҲûв
ǣʽҲٰˣҵֵȻûӡ
ճЩͷɫ䣬ʲôĬķЩˡ



1466 Ĭ£
ԭҪĹ鸽˹ͬݾ̹˰Ǿʽ߿ͷӦȫȻġ
ô˵յ˾ͽƽôһʱ䣬ȫĹ鸽̨ɵģһġһСڿֵĻ³˵Ѿܲˡκױ䡣
ճԺ˾ͽƽԹ޵ɫ΢΢ҡͷ
յĻ磬λຢûгǰֻĬĬġϥͷţҲ֪ʲôǲ˺ڣ
յȻɢȥԺĵġ
λŮԶԶͷվţȺŷԸ
ճĿ΢
գŮ棬޺ͷľѽҿ˽
ãҿʦӦòǶˣǰǿһЩԸ飬£ҲһЩǰϼ˫ޣȴҲỵԪԺʱΥ棬ܹ˹ء
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仰˼ѽʦָ߸ԼӵԸȻǸܴϻ۵ӡ
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ǣת˻ǲ㣬⵹Ҳˣ˲㻹ѰһЩӵõֻҪʱ䳤һЩ
Ҫǣߵʡ
δõСֻԴӦţһ˻ᣬͻܵ
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ôһ죬ԼǰŸո뿪С椾͹˾ͽƽȥüǻᱻЦ
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飬Ҳֻţߣҩš
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ԺͷתճɴҲȥûҪ˵Щʲô
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˵ʵڵģõʱ˵ͷûô¡
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ŮҲˣһЩʵ䵱ȻģûƵۺǰ˵£˵һЩլȮĹ£ȫû˵
мƵۣмμȮ죿
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ˣüҲ̸ɫ䣬һҲΪ;˫˫תޡ
ңһӴڡ
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ˣֻСһӾɵۣȫ֪ôӦԡ
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ճ˺һͳȥϴϲۣ¶ͬһʵϸļԡ
һЦ֪ô˵Ҳţʵʤ۱磬ǰķɽΪӦƷýԿ᲻ʵܷ񵲵סף
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뵽Ȼʦ֣˵ʲôˣҽʦǰѾݹأΪ̣ýһү޶ĵԸ̷үϯֻϣԼϧŹСòպĸ
ճһʱƿԣʲô
Ҫװƶɵá
治ҪԲǾͷĲˡ
ðɣ˵
ֻǰһ޿䣬ŵһȴǰͬѺ̳һζ


1467 ڣϣ
գܽů
ˣǳ
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ǰճﷺһЩ̣Լ۸ֻС꾫ʵЩõʱΪҲ֪ʲô̺ϯֻүܷŹԼá
˽屡ճҲȻ¾ʹӦ
ݾһ壬ֻҪһ˹ģһ˽ҲֻԼܱȥҲһϺõĽ취
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ǣͻѾغȥЪ£Яͬɽδɵһʽ
˴νףȻ˹ʵϣճȴǲϣˣ֮ദֻһʽףǻʲô˼
ճʵҲãֻСȷɽ֮ѵõԸºͣòҲǾ˼ҵϺѡ
Ϊһˣһվõļįӣ˵Ǽٵġ
һ˼ĿеŮ񣬻᲻ӵУֻԶԶĿ
ճ
ֻվãǸԶ֮ϵĸԶǰңǵĳӣЩ뷨ܹƶѡ
룬ڸո¶ͷʱ򣬾ͻᱻѿ״̬
Ҳûʲôõġ
ǸлǱܣҲǽĸԴ
пƣ룬һࡣ
˸ʿĺгͳһճսеĵ·
ˣȲߵڷҲ̫֮䡣
ǰֻأʧȥ
֣ճǲȡġ
ˣ檵Ľ飬ճʵЩϲġ
ҲûʲôŤģ˳ˮ۵ľʹӦ
Ůʵû̫⡣
ϾǹŴ磬ִᳫڸŮȨŮ𣬻仰˵ڻ֮УŮ˵̫Ҫ
֮ĻޣҲǸĸ֮ý֮ԣǽǷ޻飬ǻǰ࿴ۡ
ǰͿʼϣʱ¼Ĵʡ
ԣŮ֮䣬ǰʶԸ⣬ʮоŶ԰붼ˡ
ǰˣȻҪĥϡ
һ㣬ճġ
ȻѣûѾأ˵ֻҪĳһ㣬ôҲɺ
ճһȻ׼Ŀ꣬־ͺѸġ
ֻʹС̺š
ϾԼˣҪ۰һ
ôҲܸԷһļ䡣
ͷ̫ãϣһ֡
ȼս룬ҹɫԷ֮ھʹһϸŵǳ
ԽԽŮ߸裬תֱ˻Ъ
ʱֱʱصס
һĺͬǳɪɪ
һȦȦͽ⣬Ӵ׽ֽӳŻյƬԺ롣
ҹѾŮȫţЩ׵ĸǸо޵ݣ޲ôԺԶԶ롣
ĵĳţ֪ģһ
غҲˣһͷѣʹסԼĶ䣬ࡣ
죬ôҲڵסһ޴ӵĸо
һȻ˶Դ㣬ʮ޳֣һɥ
غյʹϧʹϧ̲סֵĵǽ໤ԼҲض³һʱѡ
ٹһᣬͷֲԡ
âˣһǿ󲨶ԺڣƺһĪŻ
»ԽԽǳ˸ţһͬ˿ĹӴԺ䣬Ѵ˴ԷԲʮڡ
⡢ǳꡭ
غŵƿǰͬөŵǹ»ɲ˼䡣
⣬ô£
ܺ봫ϹΡѵЩƣȻһЩͬΪѵá
٣ܸоֻŬ޳֣ԪŰٱٶ
Ǽһʽ𣿡
غﱯɢȥһЩɻ󲻽⣬˲ֻ̫࣬ǸϽ»ǹ⡣
ôЩŬЩΪѾ˱֮С
ڴ˵£Ҳ˵
ԶԶĺɽ֮У΢΢۾Ϲ΢Ŀһᣬ̲סЦ᲻ŵĵͳһСӣû뵽Ǹϧӣܻϱ
ЦЦ±Ŀ޳֮С
ҩ˯ţҲƣ¹âԼԺŽ
ǳҹûܿĽҲûܿ顣
ͬµľš
˿ĽԼá
ٿƮݣۻǾ



1468 ڣ£
ճܾŷıݣҲҪıͲʣû顣
ɵʽʼ֮󣬾ͷЩˡ
ĳЩʥĽУϴһֺȻϢͬһӿȳ
΢΢㱣ôһ˲䣬翴һ̲ĺ
һĵ⣬˽Ӵֱ֮뾭ȾԪ
ͼһ伫öĿȻţ׺Ȼը졣
ã
ճ΢΢һ
нâ˸ţתת׶ΣԪǵ˷Ԫ龳磬ʱԪ׳ǿͬʱǻԪһԸ㣬
˵ʲôܹϢ롣
ǣھ⡣
ƽܹһͻֱͻơ
ôһ˲ΪԼ˰㡣
ԪԪȫԽӦ䡣
ֻһת䣬ͷֲôһ¡
ڸӦУ仯ûлʻʢԪȻĳı仯
ԭͬˮһԪھ֮֮ʱһ߰͸һ޼᲻ݵᣬҲѹȵ΢΢ʹ
ɴʱ˿̣һɺ壬ͷ־֮ǹɰԵǿԪȻȻ˱仯
ɫԪ֮ͱ͸͸ĳˮһĽҺ
ھ֮ʱҲǹƲˣͿᣬˮ̣泩
ԪѭϢһƤ磬ȻԪ񽻻һ
ҹǧԪ㣬̷ʲô֮ҩһ㣬ͻȻ׳
̲סƺһ泩ĵͺ
˼άһɲǿհףӿޱϲ⡣
ԪķǰĽԪδӵǿǿˣȴԵ棬ȴһ
޵廹ñʻǿף
ʱЩܣǫĳƺһĳĳɽĳĳʿˡ
ԪұϢϵĸ
ϵԽܣԽϱԴԽúô
Ҳ죬Ԫ񹥷ƵУܹӦ֡
һر䣬컯ɽӣһȻȻ顣
˵Ϲֻĳ׶ΣȨޱߡ
켴ңҼ졣
޵ߴӺ죬ҲǰԼ鿿£ء
أͻأһϴǸŸɶΪ֮ʾ֭ܶ޵ĵ·
ЩǧֵĹҲֻΪ˴Ŀʹֶζѡ
ճЩʱ䣬ͬʱҲ̨ĵŵ俴˸ͨ͸Ǿͨ澭ǰ洫ӡԺҪߵĵ·ȷ⡣
ʱڵı仯Ȼ̫ȴԼ֪һЩ
ԪΪķ֮󣬾ѾԽԪĺ蹵ǴӷɵҪһ
˵ת䷨Ҫٲ˵ɷپޱɷ֮ĥɱԪԪӡʵ飬Ķ䡣
Ҷɷپ绹ԶѾʼתԪΪˡ
ճϲ
ɽ֮Բ̫ԪʵһؿѹԪԪԪȾ֮ʱʹﲻִ֮ķת䡣
ЩʿתֱӰӶ⣬ȻԪ١
׳ʿΣͬʱҲԶǱ
ˣ֮תڷţʧԪɽټѡ
٣ÿһٶѹء
׽һأǶ޿ɶɣǵýƫ棬ǿء
ˣճҲԤõλĸˣԺǰôãϿǰ·ںη
ǰȡˣڵȻҪۡ
ڱʿ˵ܹɹ٣ɵʱҲߵ۷壬ȫҪȥźˡ
ֻ˵뷨ͬҰĴСҲвͬ
ճʱͷԼڵԪͻȻʼתΪ
ǹɺϢǣ£֮һԪתԪﻹ֪⵽ôһ°
ɺϢڹ޳֮
ǰڴ֮ʱûУٻŮĺҲûУΪ˲ûдﵽԪ׶ΣҲû˼˵ڽķ
ؼҽõѪͬСɣ϶һƺţĳѪڲŻ졣Ҿ֮ŻԪͷɱ䣬Ԫ׳ġ
Լõʲôճ
Լõ˺ôǶԷء
ֻǰ϶֪ģԲŻ޵ȥһҪ̳ı顣
ˣӦöǼз
£ͼɫѾò԰ֽл˿Ϣ䣬ľ͵Ԫ׶ΣӣһѾ
Ҫλӣ˺˴ЩάֲסԭǣҲҪ˻ˣʧ̫ԭʰɡ
ճоһ͸оƤҲøɿݣͻȻֵë˳Ľ׺βǵĴԼϣһβڿٵ˻
ðɣβҪ˻βˣӲԪˣʧȥ԰ֲǲɲˣ
ճüͷ壬һתܿΪλ
ʵΪ˫Ϊ̫ԪԼȻֻ磬ʵϣ֪Ҫ϶ٲΡ
ʱ֮󣬲ǲɲʤٲɲûеʣѾϸȹ̡
ҺѧӣմѧŮ˴ó
Ź纣ʵԴȺիݱԴƺǵŮڻƵۣŮǧշ
˵ҲֻǴ˵ճǲôŵġ
ŲţȴԿ϶˫޹Ǿܹݻ
£ҲɣһתɫĹâȻʢһ֮˹ȥ
ϪǱ󽭡
⣬â½ԣ졣


1469 Ƚϣ
ճתﵽת֮󣬳֮·ʱѾЩ졣
ĳЩһĳȼͻԣֻҪ㹻Ԫ䣬ܿ޸
Ҳˣ޸ǻΪģԶһЩӪ
׶ΣתţվãʵҲܹ
ȻһõĹ̡
ǽѪĻá
嶴ɪ֮壬ճ̼תԷת
Ϊ˫Ĳ࣬ڴ˹УǲɲʤƲɲһһεĳȡõ֮
Ԫ׶εۺԪҲ֧Ųס
ʱ䣬ѾɫҰףϢ΢
ճתŮԪȥȴ̾һ
ǵһΣôҲúúãǶԼǶ嶼ãܵһõļ䡣
һʼͽ˫ޣ㲻㣬ǲܱ⡣
˫޹ʮʵǺá
ĹУһ飬Ҫ壬ҪЩߣճ˵ʵ㲻ʲô
ֻãͿʼδɷ羰ѹ뷿֮ڻüߣһ翳ء
ðɣҲء
ճũһţԪȪһ㵹ӿС֮ڡ
屾øɺϸСľһ壬³ӯ硣
ԪԪҪǿ౶ȣִ֮
һ壬ƺһ͵ͨ죬ȫһѪɫ͸ɺ⣬üͷҲ
ʹ໹ûϸϸƷλ̾;һůͣĸ׵ַüңôʡ
ÿһëһ׺βವһӰ֮衣
ꡭ
ˮƵ̣ͻȻ˫ŵĿճһۣʮָӣ㺹֮ӳɫʮӣȴ˿˿֮ɫ
ܵĳʵ泩ƮƮɵòʵ֣Լüӡ֮ûȣͻȻͿһš
ĵϢԪϢ֮м׳β׵Ҳúѵ
ৡৡ
ܿƵģһ
β䳤ͻȻͬһɢ
ţϸСβӰ֣ͳ
ββȻˡ
ճ죬ȴûͣ
һ̣צһʹסԼ֫Լβͬ˿͡
µĽ̴ľ齣һŤһ𣬾ͺȻݣûͣЪĳճ嶼յ÷΢Ŀ
ôһͨˣñýϹ۰
ܵǽǿ͵Ĳճͷһȣɢ˫޹˳״̬һЦרĸ
һΣȴĵҡ
ӴԪ֮һĴѭճ֮о𣬵ͺˮ
Ƚ棬ѭ׳š
ʱڿྡ΢΢˫ۣܵǿͬʱﲻ֪Ϊһϣ
üĻȳʻ״ɾӡβȹ̣ȻʧֵǣԪ񶼸оǿǱ
ഫü÷źǱĸӦ񡣻츳ƣԺ°빦
ѧԨԴʮ˽⣬ʱ𾪡
ԼĸˣֱԪβʱ򣬲ſʼӡ
ʱѾߴ·ָ幦ΪԲŲòԪ١
ѵЩ˵ģʧԪԪ֮ҲӰ
ոյȻûôһ£ȴҲܲõϴɹģһɼ󴿾Ԫ֮
ԼΪǿԪ
Ͻˮһ㣬޾
ɣԷܿܰΪȫԼ
ˣԺȲɣķҲһһ
һ̣о飬˼ûһͬˮĿӿ顣
ʲôҲȥ룬ֻǳС

ս齴һ⣬һϮ˿ưɢ֮ϡ
˿䣬¶˪ѩֱۡ
΢΢˫ۣëͬһ£Ȼʲôһµҿ˿΢΢
ںױ̨һ΢ͭӳ֮ˮâ
̧ͷȥͼӳһλܽء紺ˮŮӰü޺죬˵ĶĿ
ͷ˿Ĵ壬ټϵľмҹҵսһơ

͵͵̾˿ڴһᣬ͸оﴫľ޴Щ֪룬Щϲ
Сȭͷ𴲣¡
ڶѾʵ̿Ҫūź
ɡƽϢ飬Ӧ
ĸʮһСʵүȥˡ
үȥɽ£չصʱȥһԲСѾЩӵش
ЩѾǰʱɽ˹ԱģרѵСȴֽ
ԭ𽭴ʦֵͻңѱŵţרר˾ź
˵ͷ׼ţȥˣԺ
ϵĽԪʴ䣬ƺƵģȥԭ̫ҷֹ⽣׺ϲʣ
ûз֣ʼЫĳλʦ֣ȻĵıԼƺһҲˡ



1470 Ƚ£
ĳλŵŮʿ˵һԣջ飬ͨŮͨɶ
ճΪȻ
ϲķֻ֣ǹһҹԼϢľͶһǧֵ
һԤУܿ죬ֵֵӣϾЩҪתҪһʱ䡣
˾ͿתĿۼþܴﵽ
СѾ˵òȫԣɽϣȡ
磬ͲʽͻֻҪһ徲һĵطԼͻȻ仯Ԫ
ɫԪͬˮ͸Ȼûʲô仯ʵƺ˺ܴߡ
嶾ɽһָžǰ
һһ㣬Ž̽ȥ
ͬǣһεԪעͬѪ֮С
ٲǽһֱۡ
ܸӦĽѪܡ
ţɫΣ˷ɢȥ
âһһͬӤſڴ
Ԫ룬ճķ֣嶾ɽڻС
棬ҲϧڵԪӴ
Ԫ黯ΪɢܣͬǣԾ
оһ硭
ʮɴγһ͸Բ򣬿ռݡ
ľ֮࣬ҡҡڰڡ
üһùడԭԪ˷֮󣬽ǲͬǰûȫʱֻ̣üɵһ㴩ȥ硣
ʵ⣬ǰҲ뵽ˡ
˵ķɽʮխСͣһЩ͵ķɽûн
һʼЩӦþûͬһǰѷɽǹڰ֮Զ̹
Լǰʹ˵ԣͳɽԦַһ飬ѷɽ֮ͨŷ֣ԼҲüǰýˡ
һãǳ⡣
嶾ɽѾģԪϣͲض٣˳˳֡
ΪɽԻԶӦʹ֮ˣѪϵ
󡭡
ճһǱ˸ĽâһͱͬŰһǿۻ롣
΢΢һЦһУ޽ֱСָϸڷ֮ϡ
ḧһͷճЦɰǰߵﶼһѽ
Ȼ磬ȴʵЩ׸
һڷϵС
ӭһΣͻΪһԶ䡣¡¡֮Уǽһʮúϱľϳء
һΪϸСַۣط١
ñһЩɼ󡣡
ճЦ
ҲףΪεķδֻһ֦ͷװǻơ֮ʱȴǽһо㻹ˡ
ճΪſռ쿴ȴûšʱЩƣףԭԪΪ֮󣬽ͻᷢ仯
СЯ˿
ʦҪħɽܣȴҳˡ
뵽ճЩ⡣
Ϊûоɷ٣ȴûлԪΪԪ񾳽ѾʹﵽԪ׶ΣżƷɽ֣սʮֲվǱȲЩٸˡ
ôֻˣǿԻΪʵ
ƣһľͽһΪʵʸС
΢ҡţ̬
ɿƣգɢɵԣΪ塣
ճҲʧ֪Լֻת֮һԪԳʱ䱣ʵת䡣
ֶֻ֮βܵӦ֡

ҩ峿һᣬ̫ѹң𴲳
ֻ΢΢Щȥڵû͵ҲʦԽɽǡ
ոߵʯƺ䳡ͷ֣ﲢƽһλӾۼǿտյġ
ֻһӰʹŽžŹ׮
ŵӶǶԶԶģ͵͵Ҳû˸ҽͷӶĿʮֹŹ֡
߽һҩҡҡͷͲȥˡ
ӰˣհϲµֻСһغࡣ
쿴ģʱʱĿޱӣҩĵĵʹΡ
ţЩơ
ΪŮ˰Ʋʦֵƽĺ׮ȫˣŹҲٲ
ľ׮ʱٲǣŵڶ࣬ɽϺҲ࣬⵹ν
ҩСֹġ
һһ۸ҽ㣬㡭غֳһĳͣרĸľ׮žһһƬǼ
ͣķݣΣȹ֮һҪúýѵ㡭ÿƨɣ쵰
֪ΪΣҩЩˣת뿪Ĳһͣһ˵޵ڣʦͷˣôѵ
غתͷһ㶣µµתתЦǼһѾԪԶ˽ôҪҳԽСѾͷƬӣͻˣ
һϵĸ質ûô˯ţһӻ𣬾ȥ㣬ûȥܵյй
װͰ͵ӣЩŵĸҴս´ùͷԶԶ㿪
ҲֻǶԽʦֺܷŭֻǶһǨŭˣʱ˵Էû·༥
СѾͷҩͷ˿ԼЩ
ñ˵Сˡ
մʦ˵ȥ˰ΣʱغԣӲ䣬һǴʦֲڣҲܴ
ЩˣλŰϲ£վͷڮٴʦ֣вظɡ
ôˣĿ̫ҷֹ⽣ʮָڴ򲻹ֻΪ绹ǳֶʲôССûʶ
غһѧǼŵմķǽǶ⣬ƽԺģʱݵñӣԷһС
ǿҰɣʦôԵʦҲ۸ңίӷ
ССûʶҲǿҩһ㶣ӵ
ǿغָԼӣ졣
৵һͰѽָ˹б۵ʦֵİԵѧʮ㣬֪ѧ֣Ǳһȡ
ȾͱȡҩһЦһУâһ͵С
úý̵һţŮˣϱһӻ


1471 ̫ҷֹ⣨ϣ
غúСʱ;סУԼҸĸףͺټˡ
ټȻҲǼ
ǰЩ꣬жüɰ׹ݺͲϼʦ̫Űݷãóĸױ˵Ӷǵ֪˺ܶǰԼ֪˾ͽƽİĸ׶׽ٹϵش
ڸ˾ͽƽ׵£ô˵أʵ޿޲ɵġ
ɽеŮӣûʲô԰ҲûʲôҪܾɡ
Ȼĸ׶ӦˣǾʹӦඡ
ôɽլŮûмʶ쳾ҲûֳֻܵһֱţϣһܵóҲʱĸӰ졣
˰Ůٱ֮ʱѴǽ;
һֱڿûһиһһϯ֮ء
˵ʵڵģһճ֮ǰǲǫ̂ɡ
ΪڶüɵӵУ̨ɵһЩڣȻ̸ȴʧ˼翡
ֻ˵
ǱȲԼ޹ġ
غҲ÷˱ȹԾҪʤ֣ôῴǰֻԼߵСأ
ûѧʱҶ̣ôܴùң
ԣҩԾԾԵı飬غ಻ɵЦˣǰ֮ҲʱԺ
Ҳ۸㣬ȳɡָһŵصһĵһƯࡣ
һɼϢӿһķϯ΢ƿݲݣȫһ˪
˪ĽС
ƽʱغಢϰڰѽ߱ڼϣϰڲڣʮΡ
ҩ֮ʱ˳־Ͱѽ
ʱȽһƴˡ
˵ʮֲ⣬ʵԪѾչϸ̨ôһ¡
ʱ˾ͽƽСнʵҲ̫츳ǿ˽ƣ߲ʮС
غġ
֪ΪʲôһսʦִȣϵĽѹֱɽ
Լöǰֻǳһ֣һֱѹţתʮּѣ˵ˡ
ӦΪʤ̫࣬ǽж˲𡣡ʱʱοԼʧȥġ
ŵӶزصģһҲˡ
СʦҪ˱ȽǾڳһģһѷ;˹Կš
ֻݶǿԱ⡣һǴʦɵС檣һƽߵСʦ㡣
ǸͲ֪Ҫ֧˭ֻǼüŪ۵ĻʹɫĬĬţһ
ҩͷŵĶ˶󣬽淺һĨӰʵЦҪСˣҵĽġ
ְܳɡغЩм
û̫ݾߣΪȱһɡ
ûԷôСȥ
ոתͷͼǰһ죬ը׺ԼԼʯըѣɽһ޺ȵĺӿ
ԶȲʣ̾
һʽǽ⽣ƣغһ亹ӿ˳
ʮĿʮ佣ǱչһƮɫƶ䡣
ɼ䣬һʮɱ磬ǰһŽӰ

˫ײͬ꣬һĴ졣
һ̹⣬һʹ㵹Եǰ
ҩ̽С֣ץ˸ЦܲǾأѹܵסҵһʽҲ㴵ţƤˡ
Сֱڿ죬Ϊغոʮʮֲо˾ͽƽҪǿһ㡣
ԴתԪһ֮ҩ͸оմΪ˾ͽƽһΪ֮ʱʹ£ҲǵסԼС
ֻƽд裬һֱöԷӣʦܣҲԷʮ߰УȻָȱġ
һ㣬Ҳѧϰճˡ
˾ͽƽһֱΪԼҩƽ֣һֱʮš
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Ƴ׺ڣɫȸ˵
Ǳ֮УˮУֻǼһʧ
غĸӦ֮УԼ̫ҷֹ⽣Ǵһ磬ǰóɽľɳһ𡭡
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ǽĲ𣬲ǽˡ
΢΢࣬ҲЩ죬֮䣬Ҫջػ
ӲƴУǾֻػȡʤ
ĽһԷҲŶˣɫͻأĸűһʹâӰУϴӰ㣬Ʋ赲ľͳ嵽Լǰ
ɫꡢʵӰֻǷ죬ͱ񵲿
üһغĵãͷһ⣬ǻط
ݵһ죬ͼһͣԼǰ棬㷢ƮŶѿ
㶵Ŀǽ⣬ԺһƬհףɫһƬͨ졣
˪ʧȥٿصһϣҲ֪
ˣҾôˣһʮС
һʱ֮䣬غЩ޵ݡ
ҩָһ죬ʽವһصģЦŵʦ˵ˣ¾ûвеĽֻвеĽޣĽҳǺܾϧ
գͻãһֱСһֱ˳ʱѹغ࣬Цտ
ֻоɹһ㣬ȫһ



1472 ̫ҷֹ⣨£
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ճ̾ϢҲסˡ
û뵽ԪǿʵǵֻǷصľ磬뵱ռŵٱȣ˶٣ţҪ׷Ƶľ
̫ҷֹ⽣ҲǾȻ粢ûҲûѧֻİأƾ׽ıʽɽĹ
ңǽԽԽǿ֮ϣһ˶ԪС
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ճþĶǣһ£ֱ䳡ȥ


1473 ǧһϣ
ŽĽӰ״ֻ΢΢һ٣ҩٴ̻иȥ
֮䣬иÿ˿˿ϸС硣
Уһҹ𣬡䡱һǰռѿ϶
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Ůʮɲȫǣ֮£ȫΣ֮С
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̫ҷֹ⽣糤ӣǰĽⱻ£籩ꡣ
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ôҲû뵽СԹԹ
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·һɽǰѹ˹
һȴûаܱܵùȥ
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䣬Сģһ𱸵Ԫһ̫󣬲вáҩãȻ츳ԺǲշģԱܣ˵ˣ˵ԼԺûϸһЩ
ҩлԪһԲɣͬʱԪȦͻȥǰֹ⽣ҲðԼ˵Σա
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ҩŶŶã
ôһáСѾͷ۽ĻܴԼҲű
Ϊʦ֣Ľֻж
̵ܵȻ֮á



1474 ǧһ£
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ĽķǴǹȼˣǱڣҲҩ꣬Ǵ꿪ʼѾˡ
ʱ䣬ⲿ֪СҪǿ϶٣޶˶˵ԪԽ󾳽磬ʵ࣬϶Ҳһ㣬ɾͰ
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Цķġ
־ͳһСᦳСֳᦣճ˾ͽƽ˹һֱûлȥ
ҿǰԻԪһ֮ʱӦԼѣᦻŰɣԺˣķҲȫһЩǽóžҪţСĵ㡣ˣʲôҪ죬ɽϵŵӣǾܷԸ˭ģһñӳѾġ
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ʵСŮ˴֣ҲԼм䣬ƫ˭ãȷǲҪϴ𱸵ġ
ҩϾʮС˼úܡ

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ʵϣغЩѾҪըɲ˼ʳ
ԼԼΪĽϾ޴ı仯޲оİ
㣬ҩĽ֪ôģƺʮֹŹ֣ҵΪ࣬Ԫ񾳽ͬڳڣǽȴҪǿࡣҽ˼͸оѹסˡ
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ֻԽ̵һʱ䣬ҩĽͷɿ˾ͽƽܲϼʦ̫ĵ÷²ֻһ˵õôˣ˾ͽƽҲӲˮƽ̶ʱ֮ڱ̵ýΪСѾڴأӦò١
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ǶüһŮɱ棬ǲᴫȥ
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񣬶üҲѧˣ
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1475 벶ϣ
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ɫһ죬ҿ˿æסãһ˵ߣǻطȫ㣬²ڴ˶˵
غͷˮţطȴǸèһ㡣

ճһ󣬸ӦһϢҵԺ֮С
ʱʮλŵ࣬Χƽ˵ЩʲôɫҴңִűȻҪɽ
Աϯ֮һӣؽȫѪɫ԰˫񣬿ȥ˵üأɽҩôʩ뼱ȡ
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ƽ۳羴ĿŽʦӰԶߣȻͷɽţǸɽʦɫ̫ãǶͷйŹ֡
һҲ׷ֱɽ³ǳضȥ

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˵ͷֶɫƱһڣ˫İȴ΢΢˶
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ǰǰٽƼҵã˼ҲΣ˼Ѿ֣ݣʬ纮
һЦǺǵĽˣ絹ˣҪҩʲŽ˵СŮöüɺ̨ᣬɹҲǲԶǧϸݳǣһʱ䣬෽ƷŰ¡䱦ɼҷڡ
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󺺾ݺݵԼ첻ŵһֹۣ
Ľ˵Ҳижû̫ϣתͲģȴûϵоһ
ҩѾ˵ĸʼˣ֪Σ
Լؿڣﻹʹʹ߯ǺȻ׷ϵ·ϰ¾ˡ
ߣɱϵҲôס⹦ҪͻƣѰһɹǵŮ²ȱ٣ȥɽתתûлᣬϾƲɹǶܵģɽϡ
ϵٺһƣУҲסˣһƬҶڰ׶ɫâãֱ˳֮ϡ
ϵӲ͸¶ˣһźţţƽҲ͵
ʮ֮ǰƿΪƣڴ˼ϯͯ
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һ죬ڹżеһҳҲ֪ǲݣȻˣһʰ
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ǰһЩ꣬Ϊ֪캦ɽնħͯԪԪʧ̫ͰЩ͹磬βļĨȥ
أڽϽĴߣϵһֱûй©Ҳûնͷȥ
ʮȥŵĹԽԽǾͻԪڷԪ֮󣬵ӽҲ
öˣܻڲסЩ̸˺ţҲ׷ɱ˼Σƾѣǣͳȥ˼ɵ֮ġ
һΣоݳǱа壬ȴƵͷϣΪСԼĹ͵͵֡
ȴûϵʱʦʦŲԶǧһ֮ʣ
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ĥôµʱ򣬾ͼǰӿﻹڴȥ˼ħͷţƲҲ˲ء
ٽֵæҼұţش֡
䡭
Զ죬һɫâ𣬽кҫۣ涼𶯡
죬ô׼ħͷˣ̨Ҳס𣿡
Ѿкܾûзˡ
ԴƲɽչ飬һ¶ɽ
Ե޹ʵģҲһɼɸɽųǳش󶯸ɸ꣬ϵĸ񣬻˲Ϣƽ
ԣұЩַղǾ֡
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ŮյӣףøŮһ㡣
մ֮ʱܼɵµǰϣʵмƷ
ʱȤҲʱʱŴո֡



1476 벶£
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鵭Ӱһ֣žҪͱǻɫâŤ˰ʱ䣬ʧڰ֮С
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1477 ϣ
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ͼһɫ磬ͬٲһԦն˹
ոտ⣬һ֫ͬѹһɽãԪתҲʮּѡ
ǣܵԪҲ·Լʧȥϵ
ĳ֣żΪ𾪡
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Ÿƿƿ޹ޣҲ֪װʲôҩҲڽϹâ֮ڴ
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˿տ֮أǵڰϸСֻһǣͻΪڰУͻȻ١
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׷Ϣ
ʦֵķɽ׷ȥˡ
ԱŵΧȴûдֻǾȴš
ʦְۣԭأƺĬĬӦʲô

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ԶԶԳ仢Хٲ
ǰһΣ߲ʹâͬһŵɽȡ
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լԺ㳡֮ϣתǵĹĵ죬һȺ׳赸
мһһŮ欶ˣűɴ֡
üĿ꣬żŽš
Сأôûţ
Ů˿ʮ߰꣬Ҳʮ꣬˵֮ʱһζͬСëˢһֱˢ˵
żһŻӢ꣬ü˳۵˵˵Ҫȥɽ£ɹһ۵ļһС˽ȥˡ
ǺǣЩһҲǣ˼ɹù¼ҹ˵ģ¾ûʲôĵӣȥ鷳ϴɽħʱҲ㶾ʦڿҶн飬̫
ܲ۸ˣɣģֻǶԸһӣСһ׮ɹҲ̫⡣
ЦţһҲںʦκ𱸣֣ľЩʵ
˱ɴ֮У̽ޱʤ



1478 £
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ˣҪѰͷֱ֮УڷҲǲϹ˰ɣ
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1479 ɰϣ
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ΪıΪıǲѡ
ʱ䣬Ϊٽһֱɽ࣬ŵħҲʿ
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㾡ȥǶʱѲֻܿش˵أȴǰﲻǡ룬ҡͷ̾ʵ²ҪôģƲȻƽվʧȻһֻȶ֮ʱۣ̩ɽѹ֮ѹҲʦͽ˷ȥ
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ȥ޷һЦ˵ͼԶһ߽⣬ֱݹȵء
һ㶼û顣
ţھʹȲҺ
ףȻκ鷳⽣Ϥúš
ǽΡ

С÷Ҳɫһ䣬˵ߵﶼܿǲǸǹģ
ǣǸǺڰ׹âģûǰӶݵԪɽŮ˾ͽףǺϡǰ϶Ҳн졭
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Զü˫Խ׺Խá
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۾գҲգĿɽȣϸ

κƬ˿մɫϸɴ·һ̻Ϊ籣Žɫƹȥ
ǰ֮أǳһķбһųͻΪһ߲ƶ䡭
ɴ켫ƹոշͻɽ͡
ͣҲͣϷϺ⣬һܾͽ˺ãƮݡ
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ת䣬ճٲͣ
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ⶸȻ٣ݵһֱڤڤơ
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1481 ҽ㰡ϣ
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˵˵ţСָƺڼʲôҲһЩɻ󣬰̾һͲἰ⡣

ȵ֮ϣʱ켫ɱȻãͬһ߲ʹ뻤סƬլԺ
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㲻֪ոҸɱ˵Ľɫ⣬ǽΡĵӣúءҿƾɽأҲѶԸ
ɫһڣһ˿⣬˿κͻȻЦҾ˵ƽҪٸЩ͵ļһֶĵļһƫƫҪȣⲻ˰ɣ
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1482 ҽ㰡£
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1483 תɷϣ
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1484 תɷ£
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ˣ
ܿ죬ŽȼгһӲӵ鼮
˹ճȲķۿ˸͡ŵŵšܳȥҲˣȥˡ
ԭҪɷɷɷɷ֮壬תĸ֮ϣõ
ɷ֮ĿģֶֻΡ
ĿģǼ
¯һĶ죬ɰǧӣתƤѪ
תʼǴ˵㣬תתҲ̡ͬɵı־ǹѪҺɴɫƤ⼡ҪӲӲɼҷ߸ֶء
תתתΪ壬Ĺ̡
תˣ˸ˡˡˣҲһ֮䣬ͻָ
ת׶εǾ͸ˡֽŻ³ϲܵơ
ȵתֱ񣬼Ǳ˴÷飬ֻһѪҲָܻȫĵѪ
ÿһѪ¼ӡеļ䡣
ⲻǴ˵ħĿұ𣿵Ǹ׶ΣֻܱѹֻܱҪʺϣֱԭظңЩħǿһЩǣתǳʹһʸˣ
תҲתתĵ·
ճ΢΢ڵأ𹦷
ҺͿˣûɷ֮ɷɷǵóȥС
һṦճûʲô仯ͣйԼͿһͳ鶴
ӣճɷ塣
֪תУҪҲһ򵥵顣
Ҫһ̡
ÿ֮ʱɽ˾͸оһ󵨲ľƺһĪΣմǾ֮д
ڵѾ˴ҿ
ʱվһһӾ͵Զ롣
ܵﴫϢСʱ򣬼ϱľսǴѪӡдľη塣
Ȼվʮܣÿζһ亹ȫ¾ˮһȴִջ
ĥԪƺǿһЩ־ҲᶨһЩ
ÿʱغ࿴ĿͻʮĽ
ΪԼһֻҪߵ뷿ɾ룬ͻᱻǹϢѹס
ǲˣʱͻԲѡ
㣬ҿΪֱǿһЩҪˣȥܻܿľʹﵽβ硣
ţĸ˵ˣʮ֮ǰܴﵽβܳ١ȻѣֻҪܶɹȥ𵥴Ԫپͻǿ౶Ϲͳ޵ΪǿᣬޱġԶ֮ʱһҲưһǽҲӣ˵ˡ
üۼȫϲ⡣
һ֮Լٶ漣ıˡ
ֻøһһء
ü÷ƺܸӦطﳣĪ
ӡãǱӦ˸Ǻʡ
غĽӶˣץסҡε㣬ϵ׷ʲô˰й𣿻Ǹʲôҩһ˲ι
Ϲ˵ʲôүʿɼұⶫԼûأôң
үеȣҲߡغһ㽿۵ָգȡЦλүʲôΪ췭ظı仯
ѾÿҪˣȥԼҽ˵˵ԭϸ˵
ֻ˵ʧԪôôͻԪΪģһ֪ˡ
Ҳү̫ˡ㿴ҩѾͷүģרĽ̵ĽΪ˵佣ʵǿþˡʮ־ᣬҪȥֺȴֲ֪Ӻ˵
ֻСܵЩҲ¶
Сʱ򣬸ױתĸȥԶȥԪ񣬼޳֣С˻ɽУûн̵̫ණ˵һЩദˣᶼᡣ
һŮ֮µ鼮ûУֻԪԪԪط
˾ûԼŮȥԼ·
뷨УŮһֱסӣԺ󷽲ɣ
ԣ˾һŰֽʲô֪ǻΪֻһʽһŵ
˵غŪôһ£壬飬ҲûŪ׾
ֻǱĳܣ˵飬֪ô˵
ΨһľǵʱʹΪԪ񣬺ͱ֣ԼҲȷʧԪ
ѻģЩˣҲ֪ôǶԵġ
Լѡȷ
ҪȥҲ㡣ɫ΢죬ͻȻ˵ȴЩھΣֻоΥĸ׵Ľ̵
Ӧ𣿡
غȻ̧ͷŹ⣺᲻ĺܴ󣬺ѣ
Ӧòɡ岻ȷ˵


1485 ͻϣ
غ뷨ʵһҲ֡
ڴ˷磬Զߣһǲôõġ
Ļأء
׼֮ͥУŮӵ˼֮꣬ôҲÿ˼ҵ飬쾭塣
ӳ꣬˵һϱΪ̫Ȣ𣬾ΪҪȡù֮Ȣһõġ
Сʮ߰䣬ŮӳӾȻ
˵ȴǱ衣
Ÿ־ĺ󱲵һǱƲѣżˣϵҲһ
ΪüɵͳɶΪԪڷţЧļ١
㹻㹻һֱɣ
Ԫ֮أʮּѣ˺˭Ҳܲ
ֻСҪ˾ͽƽףҲֻǳǣߣŶԷǡܰԼĸ׶ɹ׽٣޹أҲ޹ء
ΪǴһʼͲ׵ķһ˵޶˶˵ƵΪԼǰ·ֻзӲŻô
ʵϣҲҪֻ̫࣬Ҫһݣʵֳŵ˾ͽƽˡ
˾ͽƽȻһЩɾͣǣѳƲ֮ڶüҲûʲǫ̂û˭İ˵ʵҲôٱŮҪϲ١
˵ȵ˶ɹ׽֮󣬾ŵϺŵĴʿ
ôһ̨ŮĵȻʮ㡣
мˡ
λǰȻЩߺ˹ԼĩͽʧԪӶòתޡôԸ
ԣҲòʦͷ
ֱˣޣҲܰСͽϡ
ϾͽѾˣһ˫ŮԼٵÿһЩ
ⷽҲֻСĺ̨
˾ͽƽֶüֵʵҲʮֲҲѡ
üӣûǿȥ
־ʮּҵĻ£ԴҪûбһƣˣ޷ȣԵ㡣
ԭ·չ֮У˾ͽƽֻǰò⣬Ҫǣһǣ֣ᱻڸɫͬûе¡
ᷢ
ǳǳˣõȴԲţ̸һ̸Ҳû̫๲ͬ⡣
˾ͽƽôݡ
£ֻСֻ꣬ǰž̿ǵıȽ϶Ƕüһ
Ӣơ÷һЩˡ
ˣʹ׷ϣ䡣
СѧΨɼۣڴ˷ɽʵҲˡ
ؼҽǰͺñǳɼĸѧ
ʦУɼȥҲμ⣬ȫʮʮת߿Ŭһһ
Ѿܲˣƴѧû̫룬ǼļſȥһԵģǿš
һѧܹһʵҲͦġغͬѧһֱΪĳɼࡣ
ǣһ֮ȵķ֣ԭɼԼһĽ㣬ͻȻʹģܹϣƣ廪Ǵ´ࡣ
ԺͬѧĴǾ޴ġ
һ֮飬ƫƫܷй
нĲǱˣԼΪĽ㣬˸õķչԼȻӦÿġ
ԼҪģúܣôһ¡
ҵͬѧһʣôģ
֪ǶѧճͬѧһֲٰæɣС꺮ͬѧ۾ͻˣһʶԷ᲻ҲһԼ

ֻС£غ࣬ʱʱ۰Ͱ͵ƺҪ˵ЩʲôճȻо֣ȴδ̫ע
Ϊڹؼʱ
ÿԹͻץʱչؾңǣɷС
תܸ֮оԼʵӭһͻͽ
ʱʲôŮ鳤ʲô£ȫ˲ϡ
ԪѭĹ켣ھ֮ʣԽתԽǵľͳ˸Ĺ㡣
ÿһ㶼Ԫϸ飬֮ľøӽܡ
βƹĵš
˷֪Ӻδ۶ɷÿһ꼡ÿһѨˮһ塭ʱΣȥʱӰ
һһ֮䣬ɷһԭĶϸ΢Ľ䣬ϸѪı仯
ʹʹ
ʹֹȴԵĳ죬ΪܸӦԼһıøǿ
ת飬ۿ򿪡
ճѾܹޱĿԼڡ
ԼĹɫ˱仯ԭĽϸϸһ㣬ľ˹
ů͸ʸС
Ϻõĺһ㣬ҫ·⣬˰֡
ʱһĹȥɷļ֮£Խıͨ͸Ӳ
Ҳ˱仯ľͱð͸ͬԼԼܿʵŨʺ졭
Լʺ֮гֵһ˿
ԣǽɫĹ˿ӹȻȻɣȻѪ֮Уȫ
ƺƳӵʺ֮УϸܵĽɫ㡣
ѪҺϵͳͿһ㵭Ľԡ
ǡ
ɫѪ
ȻǸոɣճѾԶǱ
ֻڴ˵֮˵
Щν飬˵ǽɫѪԪƾãʱƣޱǿ
ңϹ֮ʱЩ˵ѪоʹǿǱѧϰʲô°빦
ճҲַ淢չ
ԭתǰ壬ʵת䡣ҲԣŹӦǵŸħǽϵطƳģ֮ԴħҲӦ
ճչнâһԼƤѾֵɫͬͨһϸף⻬
׶һ㣬ޱȽۡ
ȥʮڸӦȴˣһǿζӳ
룬ӷ˿һĨ
嶾ɽ󣬽Ϣüޡ
ҧҧֽ֮ͻȻһ
𵴼䣬һ⣬ؼХԼն˹ȥ

浽ռһ磬ǰһɽƺҲնΡ
ۡ
һƵ֡
ճֽһұ۶΢΢顣
ֻоնеĲ壬նһУһƬɡ
ϵţƤӲĸ
ǣۻŸȻȻĳ֡
һնûô֣õҲǼƷɽ
תոճɾһᣬʱӦûᱻնơ
ǣ˿ȴһ
ֻĳһѪۣնƼƤδﵽ
̧СͰС˿䶯ѿֻǼ֮䣬ѳý衣
ǰһֻһۣٹһᣬۼˣ»ָ˹ϸ塣



1486 ͻ£
̴ľذϣŽļѪŵ⣬ոյһвǻ
ˣָֺܿ
ܵסƷɽ
ճֿ죬ϢЦ

涼ȥԣȭͷֻоһӴͬһıը
ͨķɽԼһȭܴƬ
Ҳʮֿɹۡ
ǰʱɽһսֽ˿ͷνһҲơ
νȻǴ·ɫҪɫӰ棬ƷʣǶƷһƷ
Ƿ񣬶ǱȲ嶾ɽּƷġ
ʱĶƷܹԼƷҲֻܿˣƲ࣬ȴԽһĲΡ
ţԼǿȣӲƷһƷҪﵽƷĲΡ
˴ʱſԿ϶Լϲ̫´˷һЩһˣԼЩ˹һ㲻Ķü󱲵ӡ
ۼ˵嶾ɽȻǱȲﭡ̲һɱļƷɽҲ˶١
Լ嶾ɽնֻˣǻﭡҲҪԼ
Ȳ˵ܴܲù˼ңֻҪڣз̵Ļᣬʲô¡
ЦЪһЩź
ɷɷǽ·ǶԵġ
ǣ֪ΪΣʱڵתѾ仺ŵתҪɾͣǲһţǰûлͻԽչ
ңԪ֮дϢԤе⣬ԼôҲῨһؿڡ
ƺǷǱˡ
˵֮䣬Ȼڵһ蹵
ҪͻƣǵȵԪﵽһ߲Σ١
һ㣬쳤վôĥԪȥһ硣
ʱпܳɱ䡣
һ·ȻܹͨҲͳţԪΪȡ
ǣѵʱҲ̫ˣҲ̫Σա
ճҲȴҲûбȱ˸ߵȥأҲ˵ܺãԼ£Ҳ
Ҫʮ£ЩȥǧʱĥԪſɽٳɹٿ죬ܿ쵽ȥ
ǻϳõʱܻͻƣʧȥת޴ƣƾʲôվµˣ
վǿ֮ϣƿһУػԼ
񲻵תԲһ̵ԭֻû뵽ѡ
ճ˼һᣬͲţǼ⡣
Щ飬ſ˼ǲеģˮɣʱҲֻҪһ
ת֮ʱдװףҪһͽ˷Բ
ˣͻ㣬ܵƿ֮ȥ
ǣתֱһؿסȴû˵
׹ĴܣԼϰĹˣΪһѹء
ǵʲôأ
ʲôǰɴﵽڵȴܴﵽ

ճһĿ꣬ҲҪרıչأͻָ
ÿͣԪ񣬸ʱʱֻСҩ˶ӡ
Ҫˣ˼ûôŨգɽ֮ȴҲ˼ϲ졣
֮ˣճûôȥܣȫӸƽ࣬ǹҲʮ
լһЩ飬ͽ塢غ˹Щ鲻ȥ̫ʱ䡣
СȻͨ񣬵˻ͦġ
ڼӵЭ֮£ǹþ
ʱ䣬ܹģ˫׼ţҲû˵ʲôĳͻ
Ͼǿˣ֮˵֮ˣҲýϲ죬ѡʱ֡
ӹƽУΨһвǣճȻûҵͻƵķӡ
ԪΪһĽȴǷƿɳ¡
˵ǲȥᣬֻȻԵǣһһ㣬Ϊܵļһ˵Ҫ̸ס
ףҩأôûй䷹
ϰɫĲȣơ˿Ĺܶı㡢ӡѼ⡭
ɽһרŵĳʦ࣬ÿĲƷʮ²
˵֮˲̫׷ڸ֮ЩһʱһٹȵӪЩˣϰԵĲͷ¶ʳ˼̻
ճȴһ
ϲһԸʳ
ΪȻǹñûҪòŶԡ
ʲôҪˣǻʲô
ҲһݻҵǮҲȱȻԼҲˡ
СӦҩʦΪͻƵĹؿڣƺҪרıչأϣһү˵ء
ŶԣĽһЩϰ˿ȷܷġ
ճ£ֵͷͳԣͻȻ졣
̧ͷͼֻСˮ۾ŹֿԼЩƵ԰Ե㣬ôŲˡ
ү㶼Թˣǳʲô죬ǿЦ˵
ճȻһͷʮ̶ܿףԱغͷһһʵģѾЦô
ã䷹ͰˣˣӼˡճһ죬ոžת飬ˡ
תͷغ࣬һӶôЦ
࣬ˣԼϰɡ
غ̧ͷ±ơ


1487 ԣϣ
ճ꣬еغһ⣬ί㣬㿴Ӧַˡ
˭ĨӵģҪԼþУҪȥֺһ£
ƾʲôҲҩѾͷֺôͽ̽ˣҲȥ
غͷһƲ
Ťģ̾һ֪˼ûת
챻뿪ȣٱ˽ʦ֣˵ʵڵģһƽĸо
һ䰲ӣҲֻͷޣӰ쵹
ǻֹ֮ϵ֮ʵϽͿǰ;ϣȵĸоҲЩˡ
ﻹһЩۣİ͡
غȴһ
Щǿ˼Ӿᡭ
˵ǳˣȴû̵ľ
󲿷ʱأôƲӽǶҩΪǴαȽԵʣ˾۵һ𣬾ͺüۣʲôҪȸ¡
ƫƫȽȲԷ͸ƽˡ
ۼҩʵڷٽԼԾɿʲôԽϣָоʮˬ
ѹԼȥֺýʦ֣ȴҲ治ѾϺܹˡ
ɣڼˣôҲӺˣ˵үţǼһʵǿɶǰҪ·磬ôһʵܲԺû۸ǡ
㣬úÿ찡඼ǼһһˣȹЩӣöҪ
غ죬
Ϲ˵ʲôö׵ģȻͷ˵˵ʱûʱʱӦʲôûס
ҪҲŲءƵúܣҿСû棬תת
ģԶˣ廰û˵꣬ͼһһĵĳԺӡ
ЦҡҡͷþӲʵѾضˣ˼Ͳȥ¡
ȥɣǱˡ

ճ߳һ͵¡
ոһСѩ΢ů⣬յ϶һһİɫ⣬ںнһϸС⣬ȥһ֮С
ڣѾʲô޺ǶѾ̫š
Ҳ洵磬±ߴʯ֮ϣһͼʯɫ
ϥƺƮҡֻͷһ
ľᣬҲĵɢȥ
ǰֻճһСѣĲֻʱһֱ˼ôͻѹأʱÿС
˵ˣСغǻãӰúܣ΢ĥһҲûʲôá

Զƶ䱻飬һ۽ǼӰ
ճ̧ͷȥͼһֻĴӹͿգٶȼ죬һĻߣֻѩһץ̽ͷ̽Եһֻá
һһɡ
Ǵ׵ţһҪֱ졣
ÿݵĴףȻ˽ǣ
ճȥͼ̣ëȻƣȦŽɫ·ȥȻһ˿ȡչ˫ɣצӷ񣬷Ž⣬ʮ׳
ǣͷһֻë׵ǣŻʹڡ
ⲻؼҽֻмһΣΪԸܶأѰˣճЩ죬ҲҲͨԣ᲻ˡ
תͷᣬͻȻ䣬һѪҺ
ǸոճԹãȴһʳ
öƺһͷţ
ָоͻϸźѪ
Ժը׺һ֡
ţճ͵Ļͷð⣬Ǹոۿ
ԭˣϸ淢ļоѾˡתҪɾͣѾԷȻȻ֪ĿʲôѪԣѪ
һת嶯˼뻹Ҫ죬ͬһƬҶݵһճ𣬻˻ξ͵˴ǰ
ѪҺ䷢ճһͬϢ˫۽â࣬ϣ·ܿһС
ϢǣЩնɷ֮ҲȻһʱ֮䣬ʮɷԲضֹ
һצץŵİҲץοȥţ۾ĵһ˿Ѫ⣬ǿڳ򣬾Ҫȥ
ǣܵĿʱͬճĽˮôŬǷɵţ
Ȼмѣ͸žȴǲ
ãһֻ㲻
Ȼ̾ճȴͣ׽סĲµָһһƽ֣˴ȲһѪ顣
Ѫڶů֮£챦ʯһ⣬ɢһ˿Ϣɲȴʵڡ
ϹѪϧ̫ϡˡ
ճķһȷ̽
ǵѪҺΪ̣һϸɲĽâ
ճѽâڣͷһ˿ϸ΢ĸı䣬ȫѪҺţͻȻһЩԣĺӡ
飬ݡ
ճץסϢڣɫóࡣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬͵ó
㽫ֻѪҺȫҲֻǾţһëҪǧٶֻѪתֱԲˡ
ճһЩʧȴҲһ֪ԼҪôתɡ
ĸΪʲô׺ҪѰ񣬾ðķգҲ֮¡
ȻһλðжɹӶŮ䱻۸ҲưȥճռһںܿͱĪ̵ùͷʣ
˵зգ
Щʱÿһ񲻵ϵԼϵѡ
ǰ֣ճʵ䱾ʵģഫ˵֮УҲƿĳһֹΪӦ봦һĶ
ںܳһʱ֮УճԼ֮вŵһƬֻûָ
ײǡ
ϳһ˿ѪâϤ͸쵱Ѫ֮м̳һ
ȻϡԷ䱾һġ
ô˵ֻҪѪ֮еԶˣȻȻ۳ν񣬲ǴһλһȨޡ
֮Уȡýʸ
Ӻɿתת֮ʱһ˿ƿͺˡΪȨޡ
ӣȻʯͷĳģǿʯͷȴܲ򵥣Ů洴ϹϵЩ˵ʯҲ֪Բԡ
Ǽһһ죬ܱ
˵ôҲ˵ȥġ
ɾ͸Ҫˣ˵۵ʵʵɶֱҪ̫졣



1488 ԣ£
ճֻһͨ˳ȻһЩʵС֮ѪԪиǶһԣ˵Ƿˡ
תת֮ʱƿ
޹أѪʵ⡣
幦ͶҪܸߡ
ĳλܴԶħݳ巨ţȻǴ·ɫ
ǺܴˣǣҪҲߡ
ճ룬֮һֱ׽ûؿռ̳еǵԵıˡ
ԭķʣܿŶ
תɾͣǣѪҲɴɫٲǷ֮ҰȻô򵥡
Ҫ񣬵ȼȡȨ޳񣬶ճҲҪ߳һǽݾҲƿ
ôȻѧһ㣬ĳЩѹȡѪӡȻܺã
ˣһǾѰԶ޻
ֻҪѪŨ࣬ԽؿﵽĿġ
ճһ㣬ͷȻʣֻƵĻ泩
Ҫ˺Сơ
ճԺӹͷʵֻһ˲䡣
ŰŵϾؼҽĳôҪԣҲôһѪ
̫ˣҲ¡
û֣һУ˵ľ̡
һŰĽӰ˹ɫɷףһĵ䡣
嵽ǰҪ־ץǴȴЩҡ
࣡
ճȻ𣿲ץסֻоһ£һܵίһ㣬޸ϡﻩ
ɱòãԺ󡭡Ժ㻰ˡСҭ˵Сպᣬõġ
ճüֱ˹һ㣬˭ɱˣûɱ
ðɣոշͻЩˣץ֮ʱӿغҲ֡
Ҫ˵ֻգճȻ̫ϤҲ˵ġ
гһֱûɶ飬˸֮⣬ֻֻΪǿŴһֱС
Ҫ˵ǳ˵ǻ飬Ȼ˵ˡ
嵹ˣӳϲ߶غһڹˣͻճȷУȥˣ
ʱûѧԼɲˡ
ǰЩӣñץƲɽͷΪݵı仯ٶЩ֣̿Ͱȡ
ҲЩ죬Ϊסþˣ˹޸УغͰٻ˹
ȻУϲ񵽴һȦϰߣҲС֮ĻȴûϵͼһĻ
غ޵滨꣬ίһ㣬ճЩͷۡ
ԼС檣ȻЩƤһˣֵԼ۸һ㣬ִӺ˵
ЩΣɫתᣬҪĨСӡ޳ӣҪ˷֣ԼҲüˡ
ָһغܾСèһ㣬һ΢΢
ճϴһţû
ðɣϻһˣȻˡ
ŭճȵʲôޣ˭ҪɱСˡֻץѪжѣ˵ʮ˰ɣôûأɵҲ֪ˡҲңˣһն˿ԣ޶ûضޡ
žճһͨ硣
첻ϷߣС껹ˣԼһ¶ẦµûţճоЩ
غ౻һͨԴ죬һ飬ί˵СƺܹԵģԺòãճɱգָæӹëοš
£Сơ
ֻҲˣһѳճƣæ㵽غ̽ͷ̽ԵĿ˹ճٴζ֡
е⣬˿˿֣ȻͬСһ㡣
ţȻĳҲһɽƲһԱԺͲ÷⣬ɡˣҪһЩܣ̫˲С
ǣүغӦŵ²䰡ģ뿪ӣǺճı⣬ɱųԣǾͻˡ
ȥɣʦһˡ
ճһ֣㻹֪үôԲ
˻֣СԸȥ档ѾͷոˣЩδԼ˵ʲôҲڡ
СһһЩֵĴ뿪ճ΢΢һЦ𴦣ɽȥ
Ҫȥһʣ֮ⷽУϹ޴ڣѪŨġ
Ϣһ˽ӴֻСһֱУͲûʲô˼ʽҲ֪


1489 ħ裨ϣ
ճһչӰ⣬ֻһСᣬ͵ӹǰ
ǰɽֵĳȣա
ûи߸߹ŵĵûɨ͡
Ҫ꣬ȴܲһ˿ζ
ǰɽı仯ƺȫûӰ쵽¼ŵþճոɽʱһģһ
þûˣҲ֪ʦħɽ׼ˣûг״ɣ
ճ΢΢Щ
ԼʦǲЩ̫ģֻԼҲû˵ݼһΡ
˵ڻɽƲϣʦͽ˵ദģʽȫһ
ֻǰؼҩһԵĴƽʱҲȥʲôʦҪ̫ࡣ
ճҲ̡
˵ʦͽ˵ѡ
ָоʵҲܲġ
̤ǰͼһλŮӣֳֳСڵϸһЩ򵭻ƣӨף޺Ļ佽ˮ
ճ¿һۣϳһƬġӡÿһЩֲ겻̫ʶһЩﻹʢĻ䡣
Ů˾סĵطǲһŮˣҲϲһЩݲݡ
ڶյ֮£Ĺ֮ж˼ůɫһȥҲϼ֡
࣬ʦأ𣿡
ճЦеʵ
ˮĴϵõģŮࡣ
һλԸΪأǵ͵լŮӣûбҪһļš
ÿԶΣҲֻ⴦֮Сƽʱ飬һ»ݣ׼ʳȫûʲôڸС
Ǵʱţճˣɽϻôһˡ
תͷճЦ°΢΢ŵһأԸȥҰɡ
˵רĽ
ճˣǰԼʦҪȥͨ
ң⽻ˣֱӽ
ճЦЦͷֱڵȥûһ˿޵ķͬϸϸʣԶס
ϸŷֲǽ
ԭҰϵӹ֣徲Ȼ
ûжɨ衭
һ˵ǶԵУǲԪӵġ
һʦʲôĵطԼ̽ȥǲá
ƿڵĵţǰһ
ֻɫâͬ۰㷺Ų⣬Ĳĵá
ÿһƬƬһ⣬ȥΨ͸ɭɱ
ѹֻԼءճһɨͻȻ
ú׶ļХһӴֻ漰ڲ
ÿһֽ֮϶ԪӡһϸܷĽ
˭һ߳
ƿⱻŶý΢΢һϣͻȻ⻪ǣϸ۽⣬תۼͻΪɫٲӿ
һ˲ǧ򽣣ֱճ
ʦҡճæеԲۣҲ̫˰ɣԼͽܶ
ٷϻһħ졣ﻰһЩա
һ˶ô档
־ôһ˼
ճһ£ðɣˡ
ʲô⣬ȴ˵ʦͷϣ˵ɶҲ
ħȷǲ佣ʵǷֹ⽣һ򽣣̺֮žŹԷλ䣬𲻶
˵ĸѲ⡣
Ľܿ죬ϤζҵĽ
Ȼ࣬ʵϣճûаɡ
뵽ɫһͻŴͬһɫ̫ɢȡ
ɫٴ̵ɫâ֮ϣͷһ죬˳
Ϲͬ췱ǣǧһһײõĶǿķֹ⽣һһأʵޱȡ
÷ֹ⽣֮ʱճֻһ㣬һţžŰʮһƽ
ﵽֹ֮ÿһΪʵͬǿɱ
ȵɽԪ򵽷Ԫİءһͻƣľֹ⽣
ֹ⽣һֽ磬ѵ㣬һôóֻıطҪԽıʴﵽһ򣬼
һ㽣ּóֻһŽƣѾǺ˲Ľˡ
˶ռˣǼͬʱһˡ
ڶѵ㣬һĶãξȷƿÿһй켣Ҫǿ;΢ơ
˷Ԫ龳磬صÿһ˿ÿһԪ񣬶ӵԼԡܹƿطֹ⽣ศԣˮǴߡ
Ԫ񾳽統Ȼǿǰͻ˷Ԫ龳磬Ľʲã˽ɱֱֱֻ򲻳̫
ɽ֮ķ֣Լƿһشţ澹Ȼıء
֣ϲǸм
ȻмĻô˼ͽ˵ֻĬĬȻ²ܣûȥǰɽ¶һ档
ôЩȥĴύҲնȻƾŸԪ񾳽СɵħɽΪģǣЩʱȷʵоġ
Լõֶ̫٣ʵûôǿ
ܼʶ˽أﻹ̵סȥϰ
ʱ붼Բڼֹ⽣ʱ˳
ֵԺױȣ޲øˣҳ˽Ҳǿ
ԣͽͳõҫǵģҫ
ܰһʦˣСʵ̫ǿ⵱ʦļֱ޿ɽ̣ʵЩſ£ٺúúһ壬ţ
ֺǣ˼֣ƬƬ˻㣬ôơ
ϸƳһԼÿһ⣬ÿһͻأֵĽɫػɢһ̣˽ɫĺ󡭡
ǧɫâǱӿĴ󽭣һԾ󺣣΢΢ˡ
ǰձ̺ޱ
ÿһɫնʡ̣ǧǧӽ裬ÿһ̲ع켣
ԼΪǧɫ⣬籿׾ѧĺӣǽɫâһжȥ
ǣȻһѵǰ
ô棿
һһ˿֯¡
ɫȫɢһգԷٳϹ˿绨һʢ
һɲǼܲ͸Ľ£Ǵ̵ͱ˿ضϷ
һ˿ʦֶΣճЦһٽһн
˵ֻʺϵȺ۵ĹͽԶԶ˿
ȻﻯΪأס˷Բ֮أԼ㽣ôҲͻƲ˵ġ
ǣ۵幥ǿʵ˿ֶΣһֶǾǽ
ԽףǿƳ
ֻһϣͻΪһ޴ɫ⽣ռѿƣеľͳֽɫ
ư磬˿˿ɫ׵ܣеĿ·



1490 ħ裨£
һнͷݡ
֮ʱѾ֪˽ԭĻ֪ԼɵĽ˿ôҲס˽ġ
תһŤɫӿءһըɵӰӡ
ħ衣
ɵӴޱȣҫһǱˡͽܵĽȫϸ
ΪͿ˵Ľôһ¡
ǶʱգǶƿأСӶԼֹһ
һ£ý˶Խһ¡
Ȼǽֹһɽһɽ߰
Ƶû취Ҳ˲ö룬ó˱ΪһҲʹõĽ
ճһʱɵˣĽʱҲ̲ȥΪǰʮϰٸ
ЩӰȫʮֱ¶ЩӰ˿ƣǰ߳ܵ赸Цţš
һѪĵճֻоһȣһ졣
һ׹ôҲȥˡ
һԼʦһҲǿˣֲҪĽʹ˳ûа취ֵˡ
Լͽܽ£û档
ǣʲħ裬Ĳ
ճﰵп࣬뻹ǱǿˣȻӮɲҪ߳ŭźá
Ķǵ׵ŵ˶󽣹ͻȻɢݵһصУ۹۱Ǳǹģǿѹסﲻ׵˼ֱֻһ񣬾һˮĽȦ
ߡ
Դ˷磬ճѾûóԽŽóȷˡ
ΪûܹƵֻܷܽء
ʱýͷԼøǿԪ߶ѻһ½֮ǽ
߷Բռ䶼·
欶˵ӰΧ߷ԲתתôҲͻ
ȻˣճȴǸģʦսҵסˡ
ôҲøһ̨£ȻȻûкùӳԡ
֪˰ɣ΢΢ͣ¿ˣһУɫħɽСָߣɢķ˿Ц
Ȼ⣬ȴĵһ˿Ρ
ʵͿˣͽнʮԼ͵ס
ңԼóõľħ裬Ҳǲߵǿء
̫ˣôóֽأ̫߳ˡ
ʦ⽣ħûжԱùɡ
ճСʵ
ôˣΪʦеĶŽԲյ
УֻǾʮ־ͬŮɢʤգͷһμôĽ𺳡ճϿҡ
컬ࡣЦһ۵ƨˣ⽣ǴִûùңҲκβ㽭ɡˣ㲻úźҩС꣬Ϊʦ
ֹغҩʲô£ϡճΣʦЦЦ񣬸ɿһת⣺һþûʦ밲ˣʣ֪ϹѪ޳֣ȥ׽һЩ
׽һЩﾪȣһЦ
ô޺𣿡ճ￩һǾ鷳ˡؼҽֻհ˵ѵõϹѪˣϵѪȴãӦҲ࣬ԼͻתȷҪ١
ϾʱϹѾܾãʲôѪҲս
οûɽǽΪ磬һѷɽĴնħʲô޻϶նɱˡ
Լ˷Ҳһˣûޡ
İɣ˼˵
ճȻȻû뵽Էܿ
￩ЦʲôѲµģһǿһգ۾ԪӦѪǿѿ󣬸Ǽʯ֮˶Ӧ֪Ϊʦǰ̳ʲôо𣿡
ʲôоճʵ
֪˿Լʲô
Ų˼Ĺâ̾ħɽóӦҵĽ̳֮ʱо㲻ôֵʵҲӡ
ûôɡճڨЦ
Ҳôģ޳ʲôڱ죬ԽǿԽáﲢ⣬ָҪϹ޵ĻԪɺף˵Ľüĺڰ׵񣬹Ĺ寃Ͷˡ
ճٲˡü˵ĳﶼ˽ȥ
ҪȥܼޣǶӦ١
ж٣
ϸѰңͣ׽ʮʮɡü
ҲЩΪˣϸϸ˼ͻȻһĴȣЦһ϶ϹѪģڰɽ綴óĵһЩѪԸΪ壬²̫ô򽻵
һϲһ֮䣬Ѱżд
ʦ˵Ϸħ棿ճȻ
ԣҲǼһŹֵģ˵ϹֹƳΪҪһЩЩɣͷдš
ճһůȴǲ̫á
ʣ˵ǰٶϹơ
ǶĸαϧòˣǧֻҲܸһֻ֪׼ʲôȥϣҪ̫ΪѲźá


1491 ɱ⣨ϣ
뵽ٶϹƵĶ֮ճõҲǰһ
˵ʵһѧҵķ緶˵õһֻܼѵϹֹƳ棬ȴһһѵ
ֹƳ棬ճӡееģἰλϷħʦĿұ졣
ΪƳ̫Сǰ˼Ϲ֮ʱȫû뵽Сͷȥ
Թų޲ּңСĳӣҲ֣ҲѪÿһֻ̺һ˿ϡѪԡ
ʹܴиϹѪˣǶ֮ץһͷݴСޣǿ
⵱Ȼǲܵġ
뵽ԭ֮ʱճȻĶ
ǿһӾͳǣöٽϹưһֻЩţ϶Ҳٲȥ
ų֮ʦͽһûһ˵Ż
һ裬ǰѪâһ͵˽ǰ
ճתͷȥͼһֻͨӰ֣ȥ
۴Ľˡ
ӰϵѪʮȳ֮Ⱦ
硱һ²豭ʲôƷ鶼ûˡ
Ϸһ˿֮ɫָһ͵Ѫ⣬ֽż㣬ǿЦʦˣ֪ûдӦȻƽнʣȴҲİӦûӡ
ճûЦѪý֮У͸Ķ񣬸ڲס
ɽСȴһ˵Ϊԡ
ڣ佣ͻҲ㰵ɣɺ׷졣аħ飬Ҳɭأݻħ
Ҫ档
ճǰﴫ֮ʱֽƣ͸ظţⷢһ֮⡣
ʱӵ۴飬ȴһֱͬéһ㣬š
ɵĽѪɫӣѵѪҲ̫ˡ
ִ˵Ǻûò
ԣЦ
Ƥӣң
˼䣬ѿ꽣飬üȻŭҪҵ¯ôĿ
ʲô
ճһһյš
һ˿ɱ⣬һѹ⣬ͻȻЦʦϢŭǻͷ˰ٶϹƣ֪ߡض񡣶˵ǲֵҸɽƽ˾ǡ
Ÿʵؿڣһһúˣճʵˣһûʹʦʲôȡ۵ĽϹƵģĪӦҲͰˣ衣
ԣ裬ճŭһƽ뵽һ顣
аħҲã̸Ҳգȫʮ꣬ǧ֮õϹ֡
˳õ£һֻڹ꣬Ҳ׵ǻ۳᲻ʡ
ԣӽͿжϳΪ⡣
ǰ뵽Ҫûн飬ҲûгԹˡ
ȻˣԷ˶Դһûеˡ
㲻ǼҪϹѪҾƲҲûʲôöñ˿ۣ˾ħɽŸƤӡ
ŭЪճѯʣҲֱ˵̨һĲ˵ϰõľȴʮе嶾ɽΪʦδɵħɽһļƷ˶üɳüϵħ֮ﭡ֮⣬ƾ˭ҷɽη壬ħʵʮ۵ġ
ճһʱ֮ζӳ¡ΪͽҪѪƤˣԼļ
Ϊʵ˵
죬ֻ˵ʲôЩ԰ףЦŵʦģʵѪ̫ҪеȻãûҲûʲô̫ϵԺ˳·ȥһˣ׽Щ޾ˡ
ճοһװƵᡣ
̫ϰ߱ΪԼģ̫أģоʵڲ̫ܡ
û£ǶӶѣҲ㲻ʲôѾ࣬ǰüЩ˵ѿأ˵֮ȫǸ߸ϵģΪʦϰˡ
֮󣬷ȴЦſοճϣȥƤӼȻϣٶϹƶΪҪңӽջ֮пԵ̨֪Ĵ⡣ǰЩӣ˵¶һ£˵ǰֶˣб⡣
¡ճЦŵǽȣ˭붯һõ˼ÿܲܵס
²豭վнϢɽͣɱڡ
ĿճӰһ£ͻȻ;ĵһɣһӰı飬ӰһӰȴޱһŰۣüɱˡ
ܳһƬ죬ָоáһ̣ɹЩʧ
ӱ˵ͲһϲǿʤԸûΣգûѹԸ⽽Ѿͷһ㣬ֻǾ³ɽ롣
ʦô
ճǰ˻Ρ
˵Żͷˣ
׻˵ȻȣʦSͽǰģ̫ʧ
ѹһɵĺƣ΢΢Щ⣬ճҵüˣȡڶü֮ǰɣʱʵֻһЩ֪ʦʵȻȲԼͽܣЦȥæɣû±ޡ
ãʦרʲôҪľܷԸµ鲻ȥˣҵʱɽһˣ¸ˡ
ճɻǰԺһ仰û棬ȴμˡ
ŰٶϹƺΪǲ֮ˣ⣬ϸϸ˼һᣬͰѴҸ
ĻƶλϷħʦᵽʱһ
ȻٶϹƿɿʹãΪԼתԲʲô⣬ڽӡ
ôһ̣һֱɱȥɽ綴뻹ûļ
Ҳʮµģȥ˶ԷľӪϳֻ鷳
Լ֣ʱ¡



1492 ɱ⣨£
ܵ˵ճﻹЩ泩ġ
ȻûдԸȴѾ֪תͻƵķҲ֪ʲôطԵõ㹻Ϲ֮Ѫ
ǰʱľ˼ȴҪࡣ
ԣһЩұٵ¡
磬һСꡣ
Ժнưɢһ뵡
СغྪϲĺʱʱĴֻƺܸȾˡ
һԿţϷЦ⡣
һҲԴס
˭ѧ˭ѧѧҪǣԼòǰƲ־ͺá
䣬ҲûʲôĲӼ˻ż÷ǽȴһЩ£Ҳ֪һЩٵ
޼۱ѵɣ仰ģʱҲид
ģﲢû̫ϾǱֱ׽ƲģȻˣƺҲûʲôĻᡣ
Σܹ֮ѰҵȤܵжһܿĵ顣
ʱĳλʦְæ֮гʱ䣬ý̵ϳ˽ϸĵһһָȱ㣬еϧģȫܹõ
̫ҷֹ⽣ΪʱӸѧ֮󣬾ղ⣬ϸϸ
ʮȥˣѾ׽ӡ̽˹۾ҲܸӦа˽ʽһǧٶʮ˸仯
ÿһ仯һýﵽʲôЧΪ飬Ϊʵǲηҡ
װ׵ĽУʱ˿̣ȴĵıģ
ֻԼӷĽ⻯Ϊһնëѩ׷šңԶʣѿǧâɢ俪
ɻãС
ԽƣƻԲһ塣
ǵպҲܴﵽֽҩҲܿԣӦ˭ʤ˭ܶһ
忴ԾԾԣ޲Լϳһ¡
ֶΣõ̫ҷֹ⽣벻ı仯
ŰִۣɫӰҲûжĶֻгббȿʲôƣҲʲô
Ȼÿһ֮󣬱ָغ࣬Ľ޶˶˵ıģ
ü÷֮󣬶Ԫı仯˸ϸƿغ
ĲʦֿȥĽ⣬Ȼÿһֱָ˲òȡ
ңĽƻ仯Ԫɽĥѹ𵴡
֣һƵö轣غལвò䡣
ʱֻʹУʹĻһУβҲ᲻ĸű仯
ȻԭĽ⾳ȴȫͬ
ƺӭĽѹ˼غС͵ͨ죬ԽԽ죬ԽԽȻһɱ
̫ҷֹ⡣
ȣ絯ɱѹ㣬ըѿ죬һǰն
˪׽ӰͻֻһţɾŹ״мնȥ
Сġ
忴ѿھ
û£Ѿͷˣ
ӰһҲζճվߣЦʵĿغࡣ
ʱСͣ»ӽ΢˫ĿӦǰĸϲ
˫Ŀתͷճȴһݾǿһ˿Ī
ճº͵Ŀغ΢΢֪ΪЩߣ˷߽ܵܵе㣬ҾȻóֹ⽣ء㿴ǾŵȫΪʵúܡ
ǰǰ㽣ÿ죬ڶһùˡЦŵһճȴһ˿Թ
ȿȡճЦŲʵҲѣҪʮй֮󣬾ͻͻͽ壬Ҳԡ
ʵߣһˮƽõģ򣬿ŵζ޹˸ˡ
Ҳѧ
循ϲ
Թ壬ԼûҪס
ǽݱ䣬ӽеƣٵԲֹ⣬εľĶǡ
˵ʲôʵǼٵġ
ЩһӣƵı߶ֻè塣
⽣һ㣬ޱԡ
սǿֹһȫʵı仯
ǻΪʵԵ
ɡ
ϲĹâճ룬Ʈƺ˵һڻɽ֮ϣʱҲһС׾ַĵϲá
ϧʱкܳһʱ䣬Ҳϵǰķ֪Ǽ֮еʱǾֹģȻһʣֻϣָԽʱսڵ֮ʱһжܸԭ

غྪķ֣Լȼ˴ﻨңƺװι͸ϲ졣
룬ϲȻפУôҲ֮ȥ
̲ס͵ʦһֻۣƽʮֿɶʱҲûôᡣ
ϣĳЩ˵һУܹԼĳɳΪĽϣ˭ᾪϲ
࣬벻һΪӡβ
·ʲôյԼöߣʵ
롭
غŤŤӣоϷա
¶Щ鲻̫ûɵľǺߡ
ǳҹĪ࣬߰ɡ
ճЦСϸƷԼģϻοǣС²õĶȥա


1493 ϣ
ˣڡ
СغԼҽһΪο޵˻ѷˡ
տʼʱ˼ɺڡ
ȫ֪ϦϦ
һҹ
ʱ
ɫͥһԺ䴦ҩĿŴ¡
СɵǱǶˣһתǵϥǰıңӦһһҫݣƺΪıһҲ˹
ϴӯӯЦ⣬ų
ͥԺβסУͬƮҡҶ⽣ӳ»һƬԣ䣬ְ͡
ת׳ճغüĴ÷޵УΡ׷۵ĺβϵУķԼϡ
޷ŷɣܵ徭еԪĵľ˱仯
ԭֻ֮һתΪѾһɽ͸뵣ԪǧԪ飬һһεĲ׳
ڵȷŶãҵԪ񾳽δﵽĳ磬Ҳû㹻編򣬾Ȼ鵽ʿһЩܡԤƵǣԺԪʱ䣬ǱҲһЩ
нȻǺõģϧǣתǲԲõĺôԿԽ֮𣬻ǱõѪȡ㹻ԡ
ֹЪճȴǴůЦݣĿƺܽƺңԶ

ңԶı˷ճվһݵԺܵƻͨ硣
һȥżµľʿ߶ţΪ׽ȵոϴϲֵǶĿһ㣬ܳ
ԺԶԶ˴Ǳæµĸˡ
һλͷ̫̫ϣϸţЩϴЦݡ
ͻȻ͸ӻ˳ˣ
һŮһ;ȫס˺ţһӤ
үүϲǸޣ
ͣ
ճһЦ󲽽
ǴϲӣɽƲС꣬ӡӴ˹ġٻŮУȴǵӴк
һƬڣף
˴Ӹڵ⣬Ƭ䶯
ôʱ䣬ϵѾģ
Խ𻪺ͺΪ֧㣬ճµţ·ҵҲ췴ֻǰչƿؾȨġ
Ȼͥɰ飬Ѿ͵͵ƺľΪ
֮ôķչһҪԭǾճɽԪչ̫죬ķľʵҲˮǴߡ
ֻǸһͨʱҲͬչģҲǰͬһָ
˷ٻŮ磬ڤڤоܹƿ
˴Ԫ˴ҲˮǴߣڱҪʱľķǣɽ׺ڷԪפ
׺ڵΪƣǿֽڽϴϣʲô֡
ʹڳĹʦ򼾫ҲҴ֡
ϸնԺѾûжͣһƬǿ֮£򼾫ķҲֻԺԱ࣬ȡ㡣
Ҳƺƣֻڱ֣ԼӰռһЩ̷չ
ꪳɳ֮ʼûǰһѾĬˣֻȻعһ̵
Ѿʧȥճ˷ġ
ճֵˣҲȥǺͱء
ٻŮ磬ʵĿĵȻǸ˶ռ磬ΪˣΪĳѡ
ƴãٻŮΪ壬ɽ磬ʵһǧͿǸƵˡ
ȻϹ鿴ϣһıԴˣǺҪġ
ʱµӣҲʼѿ
ŪһոճСȡ֣úõźһᣬ˯ȥǣţͨĳط
ççȺɽ֮УҹɫİһźɴȹŮӣڵ¹£ɫ壬Ͻ
̧ͷ죬ƳڸɫЦƵڴʱɽʧ֣ѾѡʿɸһͬͥɨѨɱɽ
СٻЩģϵΪβң롭ϼ쳤ü߸󽣹ȼ棬ͷ̬ۡ
룡Сٻһ죬Ϣǰյһоѳһ
ƬڵȪˮӿϴЦݣ΢΢һ˴ʢʺϾĹսӦܷӳȫϵʿɵõˣһ̵
ḧһǰĵ׹΢΢ͷü˿˿ᡣ
ֱҲһ˰ɣɱɽҾͻȥ֪òã˵񷱻ʢϴãһһɽɡ
һһڳѿӰ١
˽һ壬ԪࡣϼĿ΢΢һ΢΢ȴҲ⡣
ָһ㣬潣һɢСһγ
ûУſç֮ƣֱ϶
ʱգϼҲԪɣȹ׾磬ʽ䡣
ɱɽɽӲƴҲûʲôµġ



1494 £
ճվԺУңԶʱ£ɱ졭
Сٻϼ˴ݿֱǧĻҷ𣬿˺ɽ;ĩ·
Ȫһ㣬ţֱ鶴Դ˳С
һ٣٣˰٣һǧǧ
Ԫͬˮϴһ㣬һͨ͸֮С
˼άת٣һ̱øַ򲻶֣Щ׵Ķľͽ⿪
򣬽ս
⣬ٻŮջ񽫻Զ೤ٲϾ
ҴԺճһԺ˯ĺСޣЦˡ
ɽСϲźΣ̬βѾ˻ȥ۹µ㲻ݵĴ˴ߡ
ǴЦ⣬ʰ屡סغӣ
ʱµһ졣
غ۵ýҪ˯ŵһ̣ճļСǡڲΪ֪ĵطԴĵĶһǧࡣ
ոջˣִﵽǧ࣬ңÿһ춼ٻŮ磬ɽ磬ˣӹģķһ죬˻һٲݽߡңҲ̤Ŀ쳵׻ѳ飬·ϼ鱦ڼ糼
ճ뵽˴̲סЦλúãʱ䣬޷

ʮ壬̡
ɽƲѵõľ۵һ
Ԫɽȣɽ֮ϳûȼ̻ϲķΧһҲȱ١
ûеģȴһ
ճһĹǣҲǷ
ȻΪˣǿˣȴҪʽ׸뿪
쳾ѧʣҲãɽҲգ
ﱾһֱڹôµӴһƬճԳ˹ϰ¾ϯͬ֡
¹۾̸۵
Ѳս֡
мԸ轣ʦʹʦָ㣬ܲס
Ҳѵõķ֣ŰƣЦ˼䣬˼ŵ衣
̧˹ȥͼ˽ʦ֡ҩʦãؼҽ֮⣬Զƽŵ߰ʮŵӣҲһЩʺǲĵӡ
ٹһʱ䣬ԴͶ룬ӦҲһܽţ洫
ԶһЩǰͯͯŮʮ꣬Сֻ꣬һЩչţľȻ˴
ЩӣǻɽǳĽɽƶ˼ңǸԱӵܡ
һ˹ĵ޵ӣƫƫղΣ
ְ֪ģ̨˵
˲پƣҲû˹⣬ŵʪƺĳһĳЩ顣
ҩ̽ͷȤ⻹Ǹոտʼأʦ˵ˣԺ󲻵ǻɽ¸ǶҪֽȥҪռɽͷµӿ죬ӢŶ̨֮֮쳹öüרǰ
ʲôռɽͷ죬Ѿͷ㵱𣿡Ц
塢غҲһ͵Цʱʱ͵͵һ۽ʦ֣ƺľĺǾ档
ճһ£ʦȡЦֻǵʦ㻹ţٹһʱ䣬üһӳɳͻĴռɽȡԽˡڻɽһЩ飬϶ᱻԶԶ󡣡
ôģ
⻰üëһȤ
ƽʱ£ɣֻƽϲֶѡ
ȻҪЩӣһ⣬üȻܴ󣬵Ǳɽʵ࣬ڵӳɳ֮ǰֻɶϵޣٻԪ˵һӡȻһЩͶעϵķŸˡǣЩ˱ϾиʿһԹǿöüȴҲǷǵøüͬ˲ɡ
˵Ҳ£һһЩӣüɾ
˵ˣĻס
ԣճͷֻҪչֳǱܶһЩ߶üģıֶĸޣͻһѡҲָԡ
ɽе߾֮ʲôǵ£Ȼʵʦ㿴Σ
ʹһЦȻд˵׳־ΪʦȻֻ֧ߵһΣҪǧҪˡ
ǡ
һЦĬġ
ճԼĲôļ֣ƺѾ¡
ĴѾپᡣ
ˣɣʵһӵҵļϣüɱԪʦ飬ԴǴδÿͷӲ棬Ԫ֮Ҳƺٹһ
ü۽һƬº񾲣ճºȻ
˵ҲáԺһֱڡûִûħǺܺõһ顣
ԭеıҲҲᷢ
ʵϣճûйڶüɵСһ㣬Ĵˣȫá
ȵûüֵ֮󣬾;ն
æճá
֮䣬˾Ͷɷչơ
ҩؼҽҲʮָˣǿˣҲõõķչߵﶼ˸𾴡
ڵıԣ
ʲôõĵģŽʦǰţ꣬һն
֮ʱԶһ˹ҹɫлһ˿ߡ
ǰȥȴһֻɺӰ
飬֪˭ż㣿ɫһࡣ
ɺͷ­תţûѰǷɵճǰͷ­㣬ƺ
ճƣģɢһֽ㡣
ǽ޺ԪԮţƽţһƬҡճĿһɨģżݸ˵¼ΣգҲǻԵʦкο
￴֮󣬳һ᷽Цһ֮ˣԾɣʩΪΪʦҲָɡ
ã峿¡ճЦһϵ



1495 Ⱥħ裨ϣ
һԪ˯úܲȡ
ԽԽ࣬ǰٻŮҲϵ֮󣬸һЩ˵⡣
ټԺȻͨл֮ʱļַɣҲ֪ܼɣ
ʱĴĴƻֻͨҪԼ߶ܼһƬȺħ裬ò
Ԫύ㣬Ҳûʶ龰ʱǲͬա֪λʦֵƢԣöԷ˾²ǰŴ¶ԸüɣǰŶüԸ£ǿɾˡ
ңЩԸĹʦͽˣȴǴŮʯ⡣
ʯ䵱ɣһԺãΪȴ棬±ʦͽϣȻʮֿգǿԺЩɫжʮֲκֲ뿪ѻ
ԪҲֻԺѰһƫƧԺӰʱʱɳɮ˿һۣ¾ͳʲô⡣
Ϊ鷳ԭҲǳ̨ɣİħ׹Ϊʦ˺ֱ̨Щ뷨Ԫȣʵ
ң붾߰ͽ½ã֧֣ƴ
ڴУִѷԪλ޺ѹ·硣
ԪбϾֻŽ޺Ǳﵽ޺ҵλƣҲûǸʵʵʩ
ʦͽŪԺˡȵϷħʦ浽¾ȫ޷ȵķ
λʦһǿѹȫݣŽ޺ɮԵĳˣԵƫƫû˸ҴȰ˵ԪҲҡ
ʱԪ;ԣôչȥ³ͳΪʵħߣ˼λɷаޣʿġ
üȴ־ɳǣԽԽࡣ
ɽϡˡʦʯ˵ȵ˵ͯӶ˹ʱѹϣʯ٣»ֻ֮䡣
ǣɡµ˵Ҫȥüɱа͵Ϯʱ򣬷ԪŻЩֻϡ˵ҪȻɽƲ˵ô˵Ҳս
ǵýʦ˵Żһ£ǹˣ֪ٲһܴӮ䣬ûԼʲô¡
˵ƿش£ӵһܲˡ
ԴϷȥɽԮ֮󣬷ԪһֱȴĽ٣޲һʱ̾ͼĳǰͬ߰˸ͰˮΪ
˯£֪ɮһлš
ʦˣʦҪ࣬㿴Ǻãһɫɷףǰʱ¼µʦǱŵ˼
ΪճһŭնɱͨͬһɮˣԱȱ٣Ԫûа취ݳ¼һЩͶ·䵱ײӡ
ԭãһΣԺоǳֳħЩԲůŵúˣԸ»صϦȥҲԸˣǻ
ȥЩţʦȵȣȥһˡ
ԪüģһԲԲֵڵס
һгһ
ֻ֪ɮͨл֮ʱͲϲûѧѧֻһǳ
֮ԲֻۣͨΪ֮ǰһʥ飬Щ鿴ۣһЩʺͷɮڸ롣
ϴδ֮ʱһоͱȥݳǲɹʳڼңӹһ١
һһЩŮˣЩƽɮȫɱԺͨҲȪ
һҲ֪ʲôζèǼʦ͸λʦʦܡΪ޴ȥֱ޺ԪУ͵ӭſ˵֪ɮԵĸ֡
ԵƤԵͲڲ̫ҿЩ˵ס
˰ˣһǶһ԰ɣЩһǲôͲ䵱ǰദءλŮľͺţҲֻŵЩͨɮһˡ
뵽Ůʯ飬һһ飬²֪ƫƧȥȻͼԶиӰ֡
һһ࣬͵͵ȥһ̽ͷ̽ԵǴԺƣͳһһͷųŨ
ãСǱǰٻŮûôʯ⣬ǺӦþˡ
һǰΪ֪ɮʱ˿̸Խ֪꣬Ļ֪ʲô˼
סԼͣｹҪʾȴҳ
Ͼֻһûʲô书֪ɮԷˣͷ
ңûܸһ
СǱһԴԵһ£Ͼ¶Ц
ʩʩȻ߹Ժ䣬СʦŮѾˣǲȥʣ
ò˵һﻹżТġ
ãһʱᣬʦȰսܣͽ֡
Ǳ죬ǺЦŽȥ
Լȶʯ飬ɿɲʲôƢʦºɲˡ
ʯû˯þƽ
ȭ翶ʯȰҪʯҲ֪ڲ࣬Լܹ˼ҺôִܲǰԼ
һа֪á
һΪȾ֮У㵱֮£ôȸߣԼǿ³ʲôֻÿ͡
˭֪ԺͬɡǱçͷһҹֱࡣ
ԽԽߣǳԪвͬǣֻüָʤ֮󣬼ٽˡ
ں˼֮ʣʯǼһʣŵһ˿㣬䱦ͻȻϻ졣
һ֪ãסȴͷۻ
ûκΣֻǿԪҲҴ齣ʾҪ뿪䡣ʱֻһͷӳ¡



1496 Ⱥħ裨£
˵峿£ȵճùͣ׼֮ʱ̫Ѿ߸
ճŶǰ˵ȶڻɽ֮ϣŻ
ʦﲻᶯ
Լڼңܵиš
˵ңҲס档
ЦӦˡ
·ſ֮󣬾Ͳ߶Ҳǰ꣬һֱţЩˡʱģܲͲ
ǣҩСѾͷȴд㣬峿һֱճߵﶼ
ؼҽãҲ˵ֻ۾Ͱ͵
⻹ôŪ
Ů˸÷ˣճûκֻɿڣУǰȥˣͬȥͬȥǲԳǿͷҪ֪սΣиʲôˡ
֪ˣʦ֣Ǿ͸ں濴ţ˵˭ʹ˭ҩ˵ñ
ɽȻ̸ϿƣȴҲ̫徲Ůᰮֵ䣬ϴ棬ȥơ
ңСﻹĵĵţʦֳƵ£༸֣ﲻϴæȲҲð
غʱ;ҩ˳ҲһȰ˵ү񽣷Ҳˣ˵ԸЩǰˣԸ󱲵Ҳð㲻˵֮ʱüҲ𣿵ʱüʶȽһ
⵹ҲǡճͷϿɡ
ʵ֮ǰ¶ȷѰ
οؼҽûһ˼յǰʾԼúܺãΪ󳤽
临˼ճġ
Ҳٵ飬׼ýճЯŮֱ¡
ʱͣճͼһЩϤɫ
Ⱥɽβ䣬мһƬƽԭԶԶܼŷ򣬴
ҩ㻹ǵ𣿡
ƿ磬ͣճתͷʵ
ɽİݺᣬһϡϡţǰŴĴżЦƮԶһЩա
С޴壬ǵõǸʦ뿪֮ʱ෿Ӷһٻ٣ָֻ
ҩ̾һССϾЩɣ
վʲôĿֶ򣬶ܿ쵭Ҫ
ȥ˰ɣЩ׼ңֻʹСջĿ⣬
˵սⶦС޴ɱ˷Ż龰
ʱճÿ죬˴ܻܿһ档
֮ͨ˸ΣҪȫ޷ֿ
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巽ճżеķλȥԶԶܼ䰫ɽ֮ϵӴԺȺ
µˡ
غһ󣬿ǰ澰󣬲ɷһĴŵôûüأ˵˫ţһ𣿡
ף˽֣彣һͣһ
ԶԶһббķ˹֮ͬ˾һ㣬Ȼ߲ƺһ·С
һ޺콣ȴǲĽţһǻؽеʯ飬һֱ֮УҲˣƫƫҪ뿪¡ˣ뱾ӻȥޱȤǺã
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ӴӲģϣһ㻹ڡЦ˵
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ʯʱͷĿѣûźǿ񣬱ھϾҪء
ʯ飡ճĿһǿ˱׷ŮǺˡ
ץ˾ͽƽؼҽûɽУ˶üˣԹۿĳ֪ʦˣʯڳ
λŮ޵ʱ緢Ӣüճܺõӡ󡣴ʱȴĿ룬;ĩ·
ðģȻǱ˰㣬ҩ
׷һķճȻʶȴҲ֪ࡣ
Ŀһ䣬Ҫ֣ȴ˱죬ҩС
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Ǳ䣬ôץʯȥã͸о̹ǣǰһ
¡¡𡭡
ͷ󺧣Ҳ˲ϸ쿴˭֣ŭһӽ㵲
ﻹȵǺη˶£ʦǰ׹ˡ
һ仰û˵꣬͸һشųķɽȻסơ
ֻǸһӴͱնõɡ
ʽδЪ˳һãնԼһ첲
ʹ衣
ǱһʹУҲ˲ٻرһ֦֮ϣԾԳһ㣬ӡ
һһ˻Уʦ
ǿɼҷɽǲ̫Զ
һųСö˿ޱȣҲһ
ֻǱһոճӣǱͱҩ׷ϡ
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ͷ­ѪȪӿ
Ǳţͷʬ˵ڵءò˵֮ǿһʱñնͷ­廹ͣ鴤
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ĸ꽣ɣҩСˡ
ճһҲųӣվ֮ϣĿ⵭ĮĿˡ


1497 һϣ
Ⱥħ裬а죬ݳǱаȴһƬϲڡ
Ԫ̸ɸҲ½ϵ
üɱߣҪζ֮ʱһˣʱĴ¶;⣬ȫʤ
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˭ĸ˶࣬ĸǿһȾ֪ˡ
ڴƶ֮ǰ߻֪ü£ֱڣüɶʵǰ;ƽҲֻĴĽѣΪһɳЩˣͻͶˡ
¸֪ʦ䵱ᡢɽһʦа֣ԶԼ㡣
üչúãҲȥƨ쵽һ飬ҲûʲôҪ
ֻҪңӾˣ˭Ҳ˭
ǣƶһ֮ɣаȫ֣̫ˡ
üɲ˳ϲĴ󣬶ǳⲶԵĻǡ
ǲһ޳޵ɣҲɱ䡣ЩаħֶҲã䵳֮ͬȻҡ
˭վǵͬλãͻʶɭɭ
ɱˡ
ǿ󲻿£µǿ֮󣬻ҰģͲðˡ
ԭУҲڴһ֮ɱȺ󵱳ƾɥ档
ʱʦսܲҲӵһˣǱü󱲵ӽնɱ룬̨߽⣬ķȺħ֡
֪ʦͰһЩƫ̵ɣҲò濼һˡ
ǲǸüͬأԣֻΣ
һʵ⣬ʵû̫ѡ񣬲ӣ͵öӡ
ǣ´ɺɢޣҲֻ
ʧ棬óĵ˭֪ġ
ѩԽԽ󣬵˶üа֮ʱҲ޷Զüκһвü֮ٲɵ
ʮаУȭĸˣĻҲˡ
ϼʦŮտͬŮͯ÷֮һӵĴң꼵Ĵ޸ɽѩԪԪʦɽϿְƴʦ̫ɽɺ١ԪͬӺںξٻ𡢿ԪͨؿԪ¹ɮԪʦͬɳޡüɽԪȺ
ͬʦֵܷԪǣŴʩ
ЩһĴþվվһʳϵ
Щ˱Ǳ޿޲ɵ̬μһ¾ۻᣬʱˣȻ𾴣ԶüҲɵøǸ߿һۣ̾úֵ
аԺôһ۵ͯӣɫۣϢһϲ
Сޣȴ𵶵ɽϰ׹ݡ÷𻰣ˡԪҲǹԴ
龰ȴûʲô
ΪͯӲˣʨǶļͯ顣
ʱСʵԭ壬ԪٻӤ޵׵壬޹޳һʵԴ⡣
˵У볤üĪ֮ʵѷָ£Ϊ񣬹´𣬾һֱδ졣
ȻֻǴԣекɣ˶֪ͯҲԼϡ
ǰϹŶҲ˴һ
ͯӵ⣬ɽһЩ֪λǰݳǣǳС
һ֪浽λ޷ӦԣҪնаħӹ£ҲΪô˵ǵͳûҵʴˣݳаƴҪ˳ѰһͽԴ²
뷨Ҳһ£Ǵս𣬾Ӧٶ𣬱Ѱʱ򣬻ᵱȻҪһЩֵһˡ
ͯӶУ̸۵ʱȴЩʧһͽܵ˼ȴǵˡ
֮üɺӣȫ̻⣬أơơĵСǵӡ
Ȼǲϼʦ̫ĵ÷Ϊɽ֮һ÷Թ˵֮󣬾͸֡÷ݾʱһ䣬Ȼҫ塣
һĴˣһƨһ㣬һģ
ˣ˷ضӶüЩǿɫȻ䣬ȴǰ̾һ
׹λǰˮЦֱȽǶü֮ҵԸβǰָɡ
÷ӰСƣƽڶгЦʱҲ˼ׯأ͵ϷԭЩģһЩ£ǿֻЩ𣬴˴μˣܸˡ
ǣ˵ȣҲȮղײգǰȥ飬Լ¾սڣСԸΪʹЦǺǵ˵
Ǻ⣬һϷ糾磬۸ɾƳ˿ңɼ
ͯһĺͯλͬˣϵǰֻǡᣬΪһԸСɣڴ¸ҽޣд裬ϵò֡
ĻףüЩ˰Լø߸ߣҪѹķء
ôչȥԼкκôûĶν
Լò٣¼ǣ̫࣬Ϊǡ
üͯ˵ǣ׹ϵЦݲΪ֮һæתܶԸˣҲ㹻ˣüлǰԮ֡һ飬Ҳûǰһ°ȥؼҽ檵̨ӽΣѾˡ
ŶСҲµҲżְʱɵúúüʶʶͯһĿ˰׹һֱۣð亹
λͯȴҲû׷ֻ˵һ䣬ͱĿ޳֡ǲԸȥ̸ˡ
Ѿ̬ȣ׹ݡ÷ҲҶţд



1498 һ£
ǰҪ£󱲵Ҳͷ
ΪӵĴʦ㣬ƽҲһЩ֮һǰ̸һ죬Ҳ岻⣬Ժ
ȥһģοһ¶Է
ΪոյǰԹ鲨̫»ʲôõ룬ԼҵܵǸħһԿ׷ţҲ̫ѹơ
˺ԺͼŮտһͥУᡣ
ʦã˭㲻ˣˣĺͽأϽȥ˰ɣ
ãϽ棬ǵȥ˴¡˵Ǵ̽飬磬ʦҲ֪ôģȻҲź֣
ʲôСľ͸ȥ£Ҫǳô죿ɫ䡣
ǻǵǴЦȥɽƲѰ飬ЦС
ͷʦڶ޳֣֪²޻һԪıͽ˵Ѫ˰࣬Żָ
ȻתǳʹįҲ谭
öü֮һ䵽³νҡ
УҵȥǾǳıӵ֪ˡ˵࣬׶
ｹУתߡ
ñ𼱣ûôءתһλ磬ɮ۵òŮ˻˹
ԭʦԺν⣿
ѾͷҲһȥˡǼԲοʯʦʦ㰵棬µġ
ʦ̫ʦ̫Ͳϼʦ̫ʦ㣬ͬΪĵӣһΪ߲ɲ⡣
ɽӥʯʦҲ֪ģһλİֵĵãȻΪɢޣȴԵɺϵһʯ뱾ϣΪǿʯɽƥ
ôλǰţơλ󱲵ȻûʲôΣգֻһѡ
뵽⣬ҲҲȥʦǲ֪ǵܹܵ߻֣ˡһʲô׵ǰģҲǲ
ҲáͷãҿƽֻһɽҲʲôǰЩȥһЩ˿Ϊ˿ܻ˵У÷ɡ˵žʹӻͳһڹľġ
ʹãΣõ
ԼԭҲһ£֮ܣϧӲĴϰȥ
ÿ뵽ͺ޵ģ޿κΡ
ʦ͹ľһȻۣ̺ˮȴ嫺ƲȻ޹ʵ»ô˼˼ұ
ҿɲˡʦװŭһü֦ͬݾһ塣һˣαطָ˴ˣ°ɣԺ˵һæ
ͣҴǣƾͺ±ˡһ㶣Ҳǣüߵ飬Ҳһֱ֣ʱȴǲü⡣
¾лʦ˱ǳƶˣֱ¶ȥ
Ȼǰ֣ǺܵĵģΪǸܵʵ̫ʡˣǳԲǴÿγŲ¾ͻʹ졣
һ㣬˭ұ֤ᴳʲô
һУһֻ˰ʱ䣬ƾƶˡ
ķ֣ǰɽ괦С͵͵ţǵʱȴɷס
ƺ˾š
˹ˣСħҲкµʱ򣿡һ֣ϼ˹ȥЦʵǼ˵ƴ˰ɣǵط̫࣬Ҵġ
ûĺ˽һۣ˵ҲˣȥҲСһ׮ֻĺļһﾹȻҲ˴£ȥԿ
ǼһЩƣ߳ɽ꣬ĿȥͼңңԶһȺˣš
һվʮˣһһŮһСŮ˱ȽеȴǱң紵Ʈ
ǽΣȻˡ
һ֪鷳ˡ
λʦǰŴһ𿴼ǿǰڶ࣬һսԻž޴
ǰȥƺڧ
ϣܾ˰ɣҩֵǰ׹µɣԭ̨ɵģݵð׹Ϊʦ˵˹ϵ
Ҫɱɣ϶ͻ㶼㲻ġ
ҲϵճںɽԷ裬ǵõʦûа취ʱǰ򶷣ֻ
԰μ£Ȼ˶ϣ˭˭δ֪Ľеݾǿ󷨱֣ĵҲһЩֱĳˡ
ֻǴҧȻʮֽš
żٴеı֣ưЦȴҲǺĴ𡣵ҲȥԶԶţȴ̬չ
ɽ֮ϣλǰһ࣬Ŀż󱲡
ƼСǰɣȴǰ˵ǺηʥǶ³ģһֵŴͲ˼
ĵӣ˵նɱʦͱӣÿͷӵȫ٣һؾŻ
ʦ˵
ʯʦãȻתͷ𾪵Ըӡ

ǵصںڽͬһ㣬ֱҩй͸Ŵ׺֮⡣
СȴǺη壬ֻüһʽһͻһȦ֣˷ǰն
ǺƹӰ֮УȻָɽӣ⣬Ŵľ죬âۡ
糱ӰţֻһתϢͲ˻
˽ײԷˣ˭ûռˡ
һչŵ޴Ӱ֣׶Ŵռ䣬ȫ֡
ǿʧȥͽܵʹȻȥС֮ģǰСѾͷƽС



1499 īǳϣ
ɳ̨ɣ޺Ԫͬ˵ճýһʦ֡
ѳ̨İħ׹ΪʦƽΪΪĴɱ˷Ż°Ůǿ飬
ǣƽõֵıǻԪʦȴ˿̨顣
ĸ꽣ǳʮħõԪʦָ㡣֮ʱܾ۾֮չ⣬Խݴռ䡣
һ㽣޼ţ˵нֻǱһˣɢȫޡ
˵żΪа񶾣Ŵ˽˲С̨棬ҲһѺ֡
ǰ˰׹Ϊʦ֮ڲɻȪڤ֮㽣ͱøӴ
ճһۿ˴˽ԣûԳ֡
ǲҩǶġ
Сʱ佣ѽд󣬽ԲȻڻԪһСн֮仯ٲǰǰعأ˴ʧ˵ģ
ǵǴȽ֮ʱԪһȥ֮󣬷ؾ࣬бԷ˵Σա
Ǵνѵҩ˼ҪĽ
Լǿճôָ㣬Ըݱ䡢ȫȫصĲ֮
ʱ˿̲˵ʤƽɣҲƴ൱
˵̨ɣ⣬ؼҽúҩˣ۽ΪѾܲˡ
ΪѿﵽԪнΪճֵ̣üһֺ
ųصĻҪռʤ
ǲʵֻɱһЩѡ
ɣԪΪճһ۾ˣһﵽԪ龳磬ֻҩһβ
ĽȻȴҲǲɵֵøСһЩʵս顣
ҩɫԲת⣬Ǿĸ꽣òɿ
ɽʯѡ䣬Х
ɫһǰƽɫƹѾ΢΢·硣
Сһԣ˿٣֮꣬ɱ
ѵõǣǻԪһնһֱûг֣ҪȵõĻᣬһɱ
̣֪˿׼ʱǳɳ
ճͷ⣬תͷ壬ⶾ࣬Լжó־ͳ֡
ǴҪˡ
ֻ̫ãΪ߲ͣҪǿһߣսҲΪḻ
Ժ̨ţҪĴճɳһ棬á
ĻԼʱʱģиʧ
غصͷһ˪Убָ档
С˵ģԾԾ飬ȻҲ˷
ԶʮգֱܹڲԶս۷׷ףȴû˲֡
ճɨһۣͼвˡԪ񼤶˹ûгš
гһ뽭ʦ˵ҪŻ;ʳԣûȥأѾˡ
ʱ䣬ԪȻƿŴʵѾܿգһܡ˵Ǽٵġ
Ҳû취ɡµͨһһΪɽûٷԵء
ʱб仯õġ
ճҲкֻǾŵ±Ƚ
ɡǱʦͽˣ˵̨ܻ£˵ҩгһ㣬ʱţҲһ
οõɳ֣ǾŻɱ
зʮС
ɴŴţϾðϸСϤİŮŮһš
٣ɾĸ꽣˵ǿޱ𣿴˴ζԸüɣΪȷ棬һСƴ¡
ǲ£ǺСΪǳʱ·硣
ɮΪֻһޱȣû뵽һҩ⽣ƻֺ꣬뽭ߵһ·ӣǸʦѧˡ

ʦ֣һݣ֪ʦȻǼٻ
æ֮͵ȥͼվԶһһˣĿƣעƺδԼϣˣﻹǷ˿˿⡣
ɽƶٱɽƲĽնɱһ£Ҳ֪ģϢԭ̨֮䶼ˡ
УޣٶЩ˼λ֮㣬ԺСһΪá
⻹ûأĳһСѾͷƬӣһͿʲô£
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ǣôֵĵȴ﷢ӳ𺧵Ȼס˾ĸ꽣ʮħжǺĽ
ϼⷭת컯һ˿Ӱӣа֣
ջǣСѾͷĿǳޣƺЩ졣
һץòŮ̫࣬ҲǹңʱҲǲ嵱ʱǱŮֵˣⲻףԷ׺޴Ӻ
ץ˵ʱȻ˳ɱˣɱѾͷˣ˭ܵôࣿ
ɴүҪǵƨ
˵ĳһЩض£һ˻ܶܶ࣬ǣ䡭
ͷݾ壬ȴһƽϼƵ÷ΧԽԽСԼҲǿ
ôҲȥͷȴһЩԤС
УƴһѣôȥԼǿʱܷˣþС
뵽һһͻȻ˱仯ƮռľŵӰһɢī̡
ܵĽ˿ƣȻҩƴнƣǼꡢȫƽ
ۺϳ֮꣬ʱȫҽšХľ
ãɻ꣡
¡çͷӵ뻶
֪ʦʦֵܡ޺Ԫȫޱ飬ȫ֪Էóѹ׵ı¡
ϸȥȴһ˿ŹЦ⡣
һȷʮǿ깥޿ײ룬ȷѵֵҲԷô󣬻Žʦڳȷóɱ𣿡
˼άתԪĳ˳֣ȴû뵽˱仯
ҵİӰûֱֳɫ˪ŮҲûǰŨܺɫ֮УͻȻһ߳
ƿէйһɻɵĽ
ҹһ֣ͻԲʮɵȻ𵴣̳𣬿Ťſ̫
Ŀ⴩͸ܼ֮Żҹ֮˿߰Ŀռѷ졣
УתԲٽɻԪǻԪһɺϿɷ֣˽һ
ԪͬСһ㾪ջԪʦ˵˵Ⱦ硣˵ֻҪȽЮشƹȶüԪԪ޽̫ҷֹⶼҪǿһЩ
һֱΪԪʦΪԼɽҲû˭ɹʱţ͸⾪ȡ
ȫʱ򣬾ʱ򡣡ҩ죬ȫûǴոǶĺɫֻǳ⣬ΪԽΪ棬ɺܲһն



1500 īǳ£
¡¡
ϵģҩӴһǰΧ£ȫһա
֮֨֨Уŵ⡰硱һըɷ飬ȻǾĸ꽣ı壬ڻɫ£ԶԶɿȥ
ںڳ䱾ƺҲܲסɴŵӡ١
תԪһ谭ȥнҩСƸǿʹһǰնɱ֣ȴоϢһͣͣһ¡
ոӲƴúˣһʱеز
һɢȥһֱ֮ɫ⣬Ҫ̳
ǰӰãͿΣֻǺԶһźХֱʡ
Ȼˣ
СһҧҪ׷
˴ˣСѾͷ˰ɣ㶼ɱСǱʦֵľĸ꽣αظϾɱء
ҩӰǰǺ죬һȳѪɳѹĦţʱɽʯʱϸ۳
ɽȼʴÿ죬ǵصģһͲʲô·
ɰ
ֵǶߵ¡
κ˶עڱȽóɻⲨˣԼֻҪŶǰ˲־ͺá
ĶɰУʱ׼
ɰֶΣʵǶõطλ𶾽ϸۻ඾ƳİɰֻΪ㣬͵ֻʮɺɰԶԶûжǰհƣƵУѾ㹻ʹá
ƽöĶӣǸԼһȼĽޣҲ⡣
·꣬һѶɰ򽫳ȥ˶ַɽõǱ˰֮á
ǵõ׹ݵİ˰Ѫһɽܾͻٵˡ
ɰܴСܸᣬۻɽԪŷ֮
ֻҪУǽˣһۣ徻
ʵ֤µ׼жһ㶼û
˿̼ʱ֣ܱһ·
ǰСһ֮ͣԹ֮ȫˡ
ֻһлƴɵľĸ꽣ͱǳʮ֮õƽޣʹӶѪϽˡ
Ѫķɽѱ˵ɼһΪʮȥˣս֮
ڣǼһﷴӦ죬Ƚ֣תԪݡ
˽˾ǲһް˼ڻɫһ֮ʱûս
ոܴѪǻΪ̣ԶԶȥûһӳ١
֮ǰʹһˮϰ߼ʹ֮ˣҲɰһʡ
鰡ֻҪһΣԺܵõٻر
뵽°ݵʦ׹ˣºԥͳˡ
ο֪Լʦߵ뷨
ǽŻɹ
ʦͽ̨Ľ̨ɾͻһģƴ񣬵֮ϣҲˡ
ֱӵı仯ǣǰﻹֵüֹüɶ֣ڸᶾˡ
ڷüˣǶҰĵĶ˵˽һ

ɰڣƵҩܲأɫȴǽ֪飬Ҫ׷Ҳ룬Ǳ
һʱ֮䣬ССͨ졣
ʱܺдѩ׷ɣһӰӹ
ɫ˪һţž˪ѩӭɰȥ
ͬƲɵ
һЦҩʦȥ׷УⱰ͵ϮСˣͽˡ
ֵغࡣ
ҩݣĽӶˣ޲ԼԳ֣չһɵĸ
˭Ľˣҩ΢΢һ񣬾Щ
ƽΪ̣ʱʱıȽ졢䣬ʱغԣ뷴
ǿҪûʲĺӰûʲô˼ﷴһЩм
ӵԶˣһ׷أ
뵽ɡǱʦͽɳ׷ñ磬ĸҲ·龰ŭƽôҲܷŹˡ
ҩ׷ˣŻ飬ʦҲһ֡
ҩͰ
ǰԼһӰ޷ݣһ͵˼Զ
Ǽ⣬Ųը졣
֮ͻأһ˲ƣ಻ɢ˿˿âơ
ۡԪصĴһһƬûüӦңԶһҺ



1501 Ѫᦣϣ
˰ܿ죬ֽâ˸͵ǰ
ءһ죬ҩǰһԲ򣬷ŵĽԡ
ˡ
֮Զһնɱɣͷ
ͷϱ֣˫Բſƺڸŭ
ܲ뵽һƣȻԪһͬˣ׺֮˼۽Ƕѿ
飬ûһ˿ľ
йսȫ֮縡İˣĵķһ˿⣬Ȼ˲ȥۿ̫ҷֹ⽣Ͷɰľƴɱ
˵ǰһȣǰⳡƴȴ˼־ʡ
ΪֻԪڣ̤ط⾳磬һڳˣʤĲ˵ܶ࣬߰˸еġ
ЩʱʵֻΪҪĻҪ书ͷǺߡ
һʦеħʦߣ÷һͻᴦ⣬鷳
ԣĶɰһ֣˻ǱȽϿõģΪһκܱܿƵĳλԱ߹սĴʦԳ֡
һЩϡɹһʮ˲õĵӣ̨֮ƣ뿴λӵʵ
ںµغ࣬С˺ܶࡣ˵һ־óĽҲʮ㣬ȴû̫˿á
Ǻɰǲ̫аһմȾ
⣬µĶɰغӰһ壬͸ѳ飬ٲơ
ǱལԾɲϷֻһӣֹͬЪĴ󽭳ӣЮޱߴƣ½ɱȥ
޿赲
ѹԵǿƣ
ֻǸһսҾͶˣֵŮӣ佣һ㶼ǰСҪ侫Ʈ֮ʤ
ĽԸɰƫŷǼΪʡ
Ϊ֮УžųɾŶǽΣ齣ʵ
ûб壬̸Ⱦ
ΪýûɱʹشˣʵϣɰĽնûǽ䣬˱ܣһҲС
ΣˣΪȲɣֻŷһϲ¶ŷɰģץϹ
̨γĶš
Ԫ֪ʦɫȫЩ½õɢޣϰ£ùġ
糱ӿ
ʮɺɰηͷľµͷն䡣
ͬɽ鱩ѵ
ºڵֱҪͷأ޲ûصǰһԲ֡ɴʱǣҲ˲ˡ
ۿԼɰƣ⼴ͷֵסֶ㲻֮ʱɵʦ
ɽ֮ʱ߶ˣȥʦȥĿһѣʱʱ
õļһ
ֱΪ֮𵴣ǰһ̹û뽣֮Уһ
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һֻںڷצӣָ˺ѿ̣С굱ͷץ¡
غ;̫ҷֹ⽣
ۣΰСͷ͹ۣѪϽħ档
˿÷沢ιǴ¶졣
ûóֵıֻƾԼһ˫ƣ򵯻Σû򡭡ιƮġһڿлó˵ӰӣУȴܾò
ϷħʦֵӲúܡ
֪ʦɫʮء
ǷԪ鼶ĸ֣Ȼһֵǿ֮ԼС֮£Ҳ붯ȣֿܳȭ赭дӦԡ
ܹܶɰ̫ҷֹ⽣ǵУû˸С
˺ΤٵһЩ޸Щˡ
ԣ۴ħԴݿ֮ʤɽƲˣ¾ͲٴȥɼҲֻ˴ֻͣȻ˳ȫû塣
ЮɣʦֵܶüͷǴ²á
еĵģȻпĵġ
çͷӵ˴Ȳ¾δð׹⡣泩̲סелʦɷŹǼ澣Ҫѷá
˼죬֮ȴûӰ쵽غࡣ
һɲ֪򲻹Ҳ
ǰצӰɭɭԼķֹ⽣ڶ۰ӵ¾һü÷ޡ
гһزƺĳЩС꽿һҵ˪ն
һһֻһͻΪӨʵʵıҫ±ǡϮˡӭŹצһ໥ţǽն¡
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ʵֻ֤СʵҲóԼ츳ܣǳɹˡ
غ˪նĺɳӰǾԽս죬ҩרǰ
ʱΣչͷľһնżʥлƺβҡҷ
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ƽʲôֻҪԵ㹻ֿ̿ģվлر
ܹǿóͺѵˡ
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Ҳ۳ֽ֣Լûеһʱ䶯ֵԭڡ
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ǵģճغһȻǿó棬ǿ
ֻһ੹Цѿ죬Ⱥͷ촽ͣȴԭѪ԰һԪ
δ䣬һ˫ͻأǰ죬һŤȣɨ
ۣ
졣
ʯ֮Ͱ˪ն˸ɸɾ
ֱָ֮ϣԳһЩѪۣոճ֣ʧӰ
ûٶȽƿ֮˳չۣӳ࣬ƼСţƷ缲졣
غɫɷף˱ܲ
ôҲ벻Լľлֵķʽƽ⣬Ƥӵֱۻ䳤ֱ˼
һɺֱ飬ǿѹƵЩǱ޿ɱܡ
⣬֪ⷨʦüһľҲ˿
Ѿ߹ǿЩʱһֱûгͷȴǲ͹˶֡
ԪҲѵǲ֮
Ȼ̧ͷ֮ţ
һȥͼӰ涣ӰѾڳнצӰ֮ȴըһˣ֮籬
һӰǿֻܼӰ·ɣ޺һ
ӰǰڳֽŮǰһŰӰȴǽһɫ
ܾתתԲɫӰӺηӰ̽һ˫ƽ¡



1502 Ѫᦣ£
ɨĨã辢жײ
ӰӰԽԽ죬տʼ֮ʱԪͽʦֵľС
˺ȫˡ
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һɹ˲ķ
˽֮أѱ˺ѳһɷԲĴ
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ֻǾ֮ãһ̰Ӱһϼ֡
Ӱ㵹ʮɣӰҲǵŵŵ˺˷˿
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ʱɫ԰ףѪ
ǰɫ۴һ˶ȭӡĿͷ࣬һɵշ壬Ȼһȭùͷͻλ
λ۴ʦ֣ȴȻͷһڵӡ
ӹһƬɫƬ£¶һںӡֻһתۼ䣬ɫ͵ȥ͸ϸͬ֬Žâļ
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һ
Ԫм˾Ľޣŵӣɢ޽ͣȫ̲ס̾
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ҲճʲôϷħʦȫʲôԭĹվǻµ׶ѡڴ˷ʵ֮Уȴȫһ
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Ը壬ΪײУʿ޲֮죬һȴȷȦɵ㣬ꡣ
˵ģ˵۴˴Ӧ֮ɽ˴֮ҲãΪѹͬҲãû˵˵֡
ΪķԪкɵ֪ʦ䵱λиʦӢˡʿȸ֣ȫ
䵱ɼλʦʯ鱻ɫҲ̫ԡ
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ңΪλϷħ˵˵Ƕͯǰħ
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ΪҲ֪ԼҲãǶüλҲգûһܶԸλ׼ħ
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ĻʮħͻƳһǴ˵ñаü˲ء
ԭչУ۱֮󣬽ϹƱƣնȻӻذɽ綴޻ر졣Ϊ̫Ҫȥüڻɽ΢֮Уҷ
ԣһص㣬ǵɱ
ԴԵסҰղ紵˼⣬֮Ϊ֮ضɻָɱľУ
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ֻǰͽಫĸ֪Ҫ£ͼ֮
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ŶȫýһЩ
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СҲ֪۷ʵĿ˽ʦһۣͬԼҽʯ˳ʮ֮Զ;кҩСѾͷ
һͬս֮Ů֮ƺ٣ҲһЩĬһ仰ûнսԶԶġ
Ƕ֪ʦҪˡΪѻסԼˣҪ֮ء
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һ
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ͬװصţţ£ɫ԰ס
վֱ潣֫ͷһĻʦԷԡһתЦ
ԷǺԼǰɰ͵ϮΪҪ⣬ǲܵġ
ʦεĸſôӦУСӴԲѣܿҪӭʦŭ𣬿쵹ùˡ
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촽٣û뵽ǿǴ۽˰СӣԹԵİ波ʣһʹһ㡣
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˵֮ʱָһһСᦳġ
Сᦼͳӭ磬ѪϢֱʣɱ֮Уǧսݡ
ҿˣѪᦣѪþħ
޺Ԫɫ䣬ͺкһȼˡ


1503 ħһɣϣ
Ѫһ֣ԭʵվͱóƲԲʮ֮ڶŹаϢͷŻȴֲ֪ôĲʡ
÷Ԫѣ֪æȥ³˴꼰㡣
ԶɽתǣλüȻҲɫףȴûкˡ
Ǹڽǰȥ´̽ȻʲôСļһ
ٺЦħˣҿǽβҲѲƤڧ˰ɣλҲҳƨġ
ϣȡʤôϲħͷһĵ˵
ǡ˵ҪԸͷ˵սռѪɷ֮Ƴħŷ绽˱ޣʮħúܡԣʲô˼˭ȡʤҶϲܾˣͬھźá
һ䣬۾۾ӲǱӵߵ
Լҽ˵ԽԽˣһ첻ϼﲻ
Ҳίֻü֪ɱЦУΣʹҲӦá˸Ӳ࣬կ²֪ŶѪϲʳģǵƣ˵Ǻ¡
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ûᦹǿֻҪ־ᣬսǿֵֻܹ£ۡԱһº͵ŵ̾Ϣһ
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ѳľȫɷսʿ䣬ִǹź˹ȥ
뷲ʿЩͬǣʿźѪ⣬óɹ棬ɱֱ֮Ԫ񡣹δһɹɱ⺳Ԫңѡ
ңЩʿͬբˮһ㣬УԽԽֱ࣬޾
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ͬʱ顣
˱ֲҲɵһ䣬ûüУͱճͻƶƵһͷ£롣
˻Уħըƣ֨֮С
նᦡꡱһƣ漱С
Χ£ʿԶûһȫΪɢ
۵ʹһѪҲ˲ԼѪᦱˣһΪˡ
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ܾţȫ㵵ķ֣üĵСɫѱ¶ļһⷭ˺ۡ
ظܴأ඼ܿüˡ
ɫѪҪǮһʣԵüΪ
ΪϷħʦγԹ˴ʹٶһˣֽһȥɡ
ѪһһƬǳ֡



1504 ħһɣ£
һΣΪһƬƣż׷׼һճȥ
ڶúԶһڹսʿֻȳֱθܳһ˶ġ
о·ϣľǻݣȫ˥࣬ΪںڵĽ֭ʱ³ݡ
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˵ֻҪ˵ϣ۶Ľ壬ᱻɾ⣬ʣ㡣
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ңⶫɵޱȣɽҲʲôҪӶһӵõ
һӳһƬٶϹƣԶһЩ
һֱŶԷϹ֣ȴûۼﵹҲô¡ʱţľԼڽʦֵ֮Уɵôһ
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˵ʲôȫʬȫʬ⣬궼°㡣
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벻󲻵ʦʲô취ӹ˽١
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ҩСüһһ֮ǰʦ־˵˴ǰҪĿĳŻΪ˰ٶϹƣƳ֣ΨһҪľǱȫʱ׼ߣԶԶľˡ
Ц㲻õĵģү˵ǳеǰ취ԸҪһ
ΧԿʯк֮ɫôҲβסʱȻϸѯʱ򣬿žˡ
廰²ãͷ֣һЩŹ֡
С۵˴ʱЦˣЩܻһŽţҧгݵš
ûǰ˼
ȻǼɵ
ʯ鷢˲ףҲˡ
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Ӱͻָ߰ǰ֮ʱľ޴ģ
֡
С汻߽ȦõɶˡڿͣͣٶӿϣܶʼͬһѼǰ
˱ɵȦһӣһֱԭؽסĽϹƣʧ
һεĴ죬ʱ޿̲š
ǧֻӣʱѾֻ࣬ǧֻģ
ˣ
Ԫʧе



1505 Ϊѣϣ
ԪȻתͷۣͼħɫѾڵǹף粻һŽ⣬Ҫӳȴǲɲ
ȻټһЩӽ½ĳ̵ֶֹϾѪʧ̫ᡭ
ԪεȾһ׶Է˼룬ͻȻ˲١
ʱ̫󣬴ʱѹƣôϲ
Ҳ벻ͨλʦ˺εֶΣϹҲκβãʱǰӦѾڵҪѪ˰ɡ
ƣ۰гȫųȥò˶೤ʱ䣬ܱܿĳλʦ̸ɸɾ
Ԫ˿ԼҲͿκ˶֪еϸڡ
ֵľ޽֮ϣȻһЩҧʴĺۼڱ棬ʵδ̫𻵡
֧Ÿһʱ̣ȫ⡣
ԷԽʹõļɼΪۻϸΪһ壬˽ɷ磬ԷΪУò򡭡ǧ춾ҧ֮£ƿӿڳӵĸ֮ϡ
֮أԹ
濴ſţܵѪĹƳ潹Ǻʹĵһ˿⡣
ǰʶһ޵ǿƣٿǰϸ徫ɣֽ˵ƽδ
ʲôˮò룬ֹٱ
ټ϶ֵ˵ǿֱʿ
ܳΪϷħʦ°꣬浱ȻһԽ
·ͨͻһ·ߡ
ţֻҪֻһˣһȱ㡣
ۺݺݵҧҧ⣬Ȼ̧ͷԶսҩˡ
СʱЦݵĿųУʱͷ˵ŻüȻһҲûеģ泩ӡ
ֻСȴۣųеĽָָʱָȻ¡
ĳ˵Ľ
רעģȻǰǰսһѧˡ
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۶Ҫˣ΢ƲЦѣ㻹ôʹ
һһŽӭ磬ͻǧСָСĽɫǣɹмǰУ졣
䷽λȻǹճֱָԹ۵ļŮˡ
СģԪһɫ䣬ǰԼǵĵôһˡ
ΪνʦֶԵ֮ǰȻüŮԶ뿪
֪ʦҲ̲סѣˣԽԶԽá
׳Ļɣĳλʦɱ֮һ˵λʦʵʮԸ⿴̨ɳһǿƵĵӡ
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㲻ǰٻţֻǿţҲǺõģǴһȹƲӵ
ָʲôʱҲܳһӴأ
˭Ҳ˵׼
ԣܵǼŮܵ˺ӶӰ쵽м轣ˡ
˵ռϷȡʤƣʹ
֪ʦʱ䵱иʦҲǽ֣мѾڿգȥ
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УϵĹЦոճֻ֣߳ȡ
淢仯˻ûзӦ;ȵĿ轣İӰˡ
һֱճΧڳУһֻ轣ֵ˰ڣһΪѾˣֻȫȫķڸͶá
ʱһʢ籼׼ֱֻۣһԽʮɾ롣
Ϲ࣬ĳƶܿеɭɱ⡣
ȥˣжϳٶϹƵȷĶһСһСռֱ籭ˮн̫ۼȻѾֲԣƻ͵øı䡣
ΧĳӻϢʧ٣ճһһ㣬ֻҪõýסЩ̲
еȻŲΪ֪ء
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ȻûͲװռװֵȥˣ˵Ѿռ֮У
ջһǧֻѪ»ԶԶ취ʱȴݲϸϸıƵС
ճһ䣬ٲɣ㼲ۡƤڸԼսʱ򣬻ҷĹˣ̫ˡ
۷ųǧϹƣոոüľһ类סĸ󡣬һ־
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ðɣʱѾƲסԼʵԭ뷨ҪǿҲûá
ɱһ˲䣬ʵӦԡ
ۡ
һֽУ߳ŭһָճһŽɫƷɳճǰһѷӵȥҪ
ûá
ճķӦȫǰβͬԲ߲ƣ弱ٳֻǶܵΣ᲻
һ̹⣬һâڳлߣһԲ˶ĵһƳƮֱۻҡ
âĪѾﵽٽ㡣
ǲ٣ǵΪ磬죬㹻ļٶȣȻƿϡ
ٿǿԡ
ΪҪ辶ĹҩˣƱزһɳ죬ֻűܿճľأٶҲһЩ



1506 Ϊѣ£
ǽѣר֮ʱܸо֮Уһǿ׳ĽԽԽʢ
ܿҾƲ㶼ǹɽ˺ѿ
һָоֻҪԼ΢ͣһ˲ģԲǼλСĲԼһ
ջǣһûĽס
˵ķӦ֣ʲôֱϷħʦ棬ʧġųһӰ룬ʾŴͷˮʵ
ţ⻰Ȼơ
Ȼһ쵽ԼҲµҪĵļʶʮġʲô׵ͻʳٴαӴҲȻĲϰߡ
ꡭ
ƱԼҵܵˣ۾ųУգҲգЦȻ½εľһඡֲûʶĽǰ־Ѿۣ˵óУɱ֮ģ᲻һնΣ
ܰɣôƳΧءƾʲôҳͲ±ӿгɹͷԣڰٶϹƵ֮£ͷʣ°㡣
ɻҲ˲ƻ֮⡣
Ǽʶĳ˵ĽЦоԼǰһնɷɻңɴʱȴû̫࣬ȫǲ˼飬λʦΪʲô޼ɡ
һҲȻԶһԼܳһ֮Ƕȱҧ򲻸ңûڽοʼ׷ʱ򣬳ҩؼҽõ˵ĹƳ涼Ѿͣ·Ѿʧȥһ𣿡
Ϊʲôͣ
ΪٹҲû壬ǹƳ˵ǻ˵Ѫķǿеǰ֮䣬ﻹҷ˲ݳӽֻȫȫӦԷ
٩٩̸ҲԼĿơǼ
Щʱ򣬼ʶ͸ֱƴĳ棬ٻϵķʽԼϳһλҪ
ܵĻʦԱߵʯʦ΢΢ͷüܳɾľ棬߹һ֮
ץκһᣬѧϰŽţһַҲһϰߡ
СҽܻüҲͬˡ
û̫¼ɣʱʢ֪̽صǰǱ
ʦӳһתӰ̾һ˵úǲǰйһƣ˱Ҳʵȫáֻһ㽹ۣ˲ѻַָҿƷ޷˺ˡٶϹȻųƽ壬ڽεҪƿҲһڵ顣
ԭˣǿӲ㱻ҧˣҲһʱñпȻʧʶȻûв
һƣȻúݣԼʩƳ棬ҲиʧȷǺˣҲҲ
ǺǣˡЦǲһأǰЩӴҶ˵ɽնɱͽ顣Ԫʦ͵ߵ̫ȥأ
԰ܾܿϣʱûýǼһ̫ˣ̫޻ҲܳסһֻҪץסᣬȫ
ţҲ뷨ԣ㿴ȥˡ
ƻҺ꣬ﵽʲôԼҲ̫ס
ȷѾΪѡ
ȻҪܲ˵ĳ֣֪ЩĶĲ
ƽУȥˣⲻΪ
ΣͲԺ͵ϮɽƲЩȫι˳ӣۼе
ҧסżˡ
ܵǣԼҷųȥİٶϹȻһһļ٣Ҳ֪ȥȫϵ
ûбҲѾڴ˷˰ɣϧҵıһ̣ۺί
ʮϰ꣬ЩƳң
ЩԼðȻӦߣûµȥƲʲô
СҲ̫ɺˣ֪ͽѲҲϸ˵һϷһɧ
۵Ļ͸һɫζճȻóЦǺǵػصȻ£еӾԺˣܲҵĽ֮£ˣ㵽ֻҪԼӷɣ͵һб±һֻһĶȥģһΡ
㡭
Զԡ
Է˵Ļһûûٽһ
ȻΪϷħʦѧȴǽ׺ͷʹúܡ


1507 ۲ôʵϣ
ʵϣû֪дʱ˴ͷ£ճ˵ðޱȣҲЩᡣ
СӶ̫ˣֻƵĻ֣ԼʱͲһƵСܹʵͺܲǱͻᱻж
ȻǴġ
óʱѾЩ飬ƵøһЩܾܿͻ᳷ߡ
²ǰɽ綴ûκɼء
˴һԭ֮УһԭҪһ磬Ҵһüɵ硣
²Ϊ᲻ֱ뿪
ϸ룬ճܹóۡ
ܿΣٶϹƵջԶԶֻ׽ǧֻ
Ļʿ֪ЩƳ϶ȫѳɷۡ
˵ϹѪˣԼһëò
ճȻƹʲô׶ޣǶԦԦ޵ֶλЩ˽ģһ졣
һ˵Ϊ˷ֹ޵ķɣ߶ԻٻƣһԼΣգȾ͵Ա
۲ճȥԡ
аѹƳӦȰѹƳɱ
ûʶѪڣҲõġ
ĿĲͬ·ʽҲҪͬ
ճҪóԸжԸӣٶԸħ˳ܴ
ǣ㲻̫ԣ۵ϼ޻֪Լ󣬶ʡ
潩סˣ˴һ̣ȻЦ׷ȥճܳǿ뿪ȴвʣоϹҲס
Ԫйâһǿˣ߽ЦǺ˵ʱüƴСɮλ绯ɸΪ񲯣֣ͬжԸüɡɱʹ߿찡
һ˵ԴǿУճˡ
ŲţʵҲ޳ɵġ
βڵʵǸԼһߵġ
ڣüƸһЩڻ᲻ᰵлµңҲõġ
ʱüӪ֮УѾһĸ֣Էء
۽Ҿͷֲ
ճһѹûУ˵赭дƺռϷһ㡣
Ҳ֡
ȻƳΧڿ񹥲ݣ᧿Σӣƺ̫
˶ˣʵˡ
ʱѾﻢ£þ˵ƣһ󱲱ȲòĴûа취ȡʤ
ۼЦһС˵̫ҲЦҪֲɣˣΪߵӣɱСĴͷ
⻰ڿţû˻
ԪȴǿЦݣЩеһζЭ˼
ʦȻƸǿ
ȻطХеİӰȻٶȼӿ죬һըЦǲҵʵˣһ˵
ĵԼĳӣΪΧ˶֣ԼΣҲ̫
ԣճʵжԼҪʱԣҲøʲôۡ
ºݺһŵ棬Ӱʧԭأһͳʮ֮⣬档
Ӽ׷ϳһӰ
ճ̤͸ռ϶ֻۣһ˲䣬Щֲˣ÷ɡҪѳӵ׷ַȻûдãֻǳչһȴû⡣
ǧƳΧ£һ̣һâɨŵɫ׹⣬
̣ڽɨеǰһѾѳΧΪ·ͻȻȻâβɨ
ɫѪţһ̲ͣӰһĴƶŭе𣿾ȻԸȥιƳ棬ҲҪ棿
ٺ٣ٶϹƣεҺΣ
ճӰɭɭΧİٶϹƱˮйͨѾ׷ˡ
ŭ˶Уͼǰ֮ѶʮϸС㼡չ¶ǵѪһ˿˿ӡ
ǣת֮ʧӶҧѪ£Ƥֱù⻬ϸ塣
ôܣٶϹƵҧӲ
ָٶҲ̫ˣôģ
תۿһߣͼѿһĿӣ˿ŽںۼһɹɵɫŨѪӿ
㱻һնأòҡԪһоݷᡣҪԼնһǽˡ
ҲǺܲ򵥣һ̹⣬ն˿ڼ䶯ţһᣬҲտڻָԭ״ֻɫ˼֡
ȥٶһЩٶϹ˭Ȼ
ճƽ޲ǰͻƺֹֻ벻⡣
׹䣬ͣΰԣҧҧû
һУɫƳ浹ɣ˻ȥ
ȻԸҪ϶ҲᣬڷԪϣҲСƽϡ
һ仰תͻΪ̹ɻش£ԶԶһҽС
˻ͷȥͼһɮ۵ɮؿڳһѪտҲ쵹ء
ȻǱܻĳˡ
ճâǿѹͷ⣬ĵһ졣
ʱȷɱ۵ʱСҴıг𱨳ԹԹʲô⣬Ҳ޹ʹƲӣˡ
ؼǹҩСĵӣ
ʵϣһ뿪¾֪²ιһ⣬
ֻɸ£ͼǰһӰŰۣ䣬һ㿴

¾һǰһĨâ
кɰְֻ磬Ѿббն롣

ƬʬѪˮӰյһƬҡ
ٶȣ̫࣬ճͽ֮£һжûס
ݣ
ȫһ
ǿǵħʦĵӣɱһֻСһֱˣԭ͵Ϯ̨µӡ
رɱģͷݾ壬ĵǲá
ʵ̫ǿȫ˼ɺ£һ鷳
ͷһ룬Ҳûʲôˡ
񾭲һħƵ˱ܣĻ˸
ճתͷһƣļɵʲôˡ
ʵϣΪ֮
²ˣɢޣһЩаˡ
üɲԸģľ۵һ𣬻ռˡĻͬύѶ·ʲôġ
ں֮ڣȻֶǽһЩûûõġ
ˣ˭û뷨
ȻһζĸǿҲǲС
棬ֶɷֻǵȼλӵȫԶ֮Ը⣬˵Ϊˡ
ǰһºѾȥ֮⣬ûһվǱߣԭˡ
ɱ£ճ֣ҩؼҽõǰͬ



1508 ۲ôʵ£
֪ʦǰϴһȴδ˴ҪֶԵˡ
ճЦǺǵĴк
ڷԪĽ£ǰء䵱ȸɽĸּ
һЩûĺ󱲣ҲЦŴ˸к
һʱ֮䣬ȫǰľҲڡ
Ҳԣ˺֮㣬˭죬Ե
ֵһǣٻŮȼλɫҲǽεǰ
ūҰݼˡ
ǺΣӡ
ŮĶ޻ɫѹԪ඼δɾͣҲܻ÷ˮڴ¾ۻ֮ʱͦġ
ճüͷһ壬⼸ɽ֮жǳɫء
ϢЩ켸Ůɡµ˰һƱɢմһЩ¶ˮ
ʮֲƽΪֻͻ˶䣬Ҳûʲô¡
ʵϣҲûб񣬾ʸĳλˣϳ˹߰ɡ
ϧǣû˴Ӧǡ
ɡµˣҲֻѡ
ʱȻǸֹƤҪڵʲôǲԸġ
ճȻŮޣҲڸѧһ˾ͳնɱ
ճɫƣŮŵȶɫѩף۶ˣ¶Էһо¶ɫ
ˣҲܣֻҪԸҲû鷳ˣȴȡеˡ
⻰˵ɡǱˣȻҰʯϡ
˼䵱ɣһֱԺãæġ
¶֣˱ɱҲԹñˡ
Դƣ䵱Ӱݼˡ䵱иʦ񣬶ճԼʦãмʯʮңǺˡ
ндΪȣȻճıʵߣ⿴⼸˵ȴִʮֹ
Ҳʾ⣬һǸмһˡ
ʵõƣҲû˭λʦǰô
ȼŮҹأѵⶼûеõһ䣬˵նˣһʱĻŭţŤˮεεľǰ׸ڣһ
ȴԱವ˹
˽Ųһ٣ͼҩؼҽɱ˻ͬˮͷžӺˣɫˢİˣٲǰ벽

ŴϲЦտĻຮ¶ȥƵ˰ûһʱԡ
ǻȥԽҪҪٴ̽һµ飿תͻȻʲôЦʵ
ߣ֪ʡɫգҲ˵ͷа巽ȥ
ʱȥ鷳϶ˡС£ܿܰС
ǰӰټʦһս˼ûˣֻа̾ôˣֻϣλǰһЩ
ȫ޶־ơĵҲûʲô׳־ֻĸŻؼҡ
ʱȥʱûɡ

ʦ̾Ϣһ𱸵Ŀһƣҡҡͷ̽Ѿûôֻ֮ѹס£սɡ
ˣʦѾʼжԴˡ

ط֮ԽԽǲʣ޲öץڵгԲ
ǣʱɫںڣ̷ĺȫǰԼԱ߹̵һЩʿҲˡ
ҵĽϹƣôˣһСԸͷܾŹ
׹⣬һ˰źݡ
һᣬЩûаԼͽܴˡʱҪжһ强¶ѰǼ˹ˡ
û취ⲽƴ
ƻͨȻ顣
ԣǶСӳֻ֣Ҫüɸִû֮ʱҴӱϮſһɱȻʧȥǧֻƳ棬ȴҲĵӡûз֮£ֻҪһܰгɰ׹ǡ
һ˿ЦݣԺָǰ֮ʱǰӰƳгʮѪ
һѵľôǰӦսüȥ¶ˡ
뵽΢΢һЩ㣬׾ͽ˴
о˶档
ɣҪͣҲΪ˶ԸüͬЭʱܲһۼЦݣ˵
ԪӦ죬͵͵ĿλϵĽʦ֣Էͷ¶һȿ޻ѿЦݣӭȥ壬Ǵ֮
¾۵Լλ¡
Ȼ£ƺԼûס
ûһ㣬ﲻɴΪ֣ȫ
Щ˸ˡ
Ĵ֣Ŀ
ʦģıҲضãֶ֮ײĺ
˵ӡ֮УϷħıǩǷһԵħˡ
Ϊһ̵Ĵɫ
ôȻһĽ鶷ˣбΡ


1509 һţϣ
Ȼһ£Ͳʼį˵ָףһܵҹۣͬüһãǽЩеʢԪ֪ȶڶһ£ʲôüĿأǷ
ò˵治ʱ򣬿ͷǿأһħ̾뢵
ңϼһѯʣȥ֮ϵճһķԪλ޺ʮΡ
֪ʧܣһһӡ
ճɫȻһۣöԷԣﰵ²Է״ʲô⣬ֻӺδ֣
ؼҽúҩȫЩĵͷ΢Цʾ޷ü԰ꡣ
ΪҩСغĳʮ־ޣʱĴ´֮УǼҲһܿǰλӣһЩǰĺ档
ֱиɽʮʿҪϲ١
ʱȻֲǳ
нȻûʲôȣҲԼ׳ɵĵ
ǰ򶷵ʱԲ˵ѱ¾ǣ飬Ȼÿݡ
۴ʽ޺Ԫʵճһ
һֱԪΪӭύ󣬵޳֣ʣľȫύ
ݣճ֮ǰҲ˵̨У̨ɡ
ȻɽƲǸ¯̨ɣĴ
ȻڳȻȻΪʵΪԡ
ʵһҲЩʸǾԭĴͨʦ
ϧǼһ²̫ǽ嵹Ҳˣؼ̫ãǵճͷϣͱλʦնɱ
ʬ纮Ȼ
ҲΪ£ճ֮ϣȻ߹ʵҲǿаʮУȴҲ˶ŷģʮĴǡ
νͬΪıɲһ黰
ʦһֱֶʮֺɱĶ֮ͬˡ
̾һֻͻ˲̫ڡ
ͨͻһңֻ֪ϻὲҲη塣
Ͼڳ˶ǰƣ˭֪ĳλʦֻ᲻ᷭе¡
һ˶৵ĿһԵķԪС
֪ʦȴüо鷳ˡ
Ĳ룬Ͳô
ϼ޻ߣ˭֪˭ʲôⰡǴڲĴˡ
Ԫﰵ۵ʻȴǲòҪ˵͸оһ䣬λʦҲǿ˹
Цһ˾ڴӲͷƤ񶷽һ£ȫ̽нνʦ̨֡Ŵʦ֣˼ǹʵǴɹõΪԶͬ٭Сɮʲô뷨ֻ°ˡ
䡭
ʮȫ̲ס
ǰԪȻѽʦλȴнǿΪĳ̬ʾ𾴶ѡ
ʵϣȻǷԪϾҡ
ǵ浽պգԪҲֻмӣΪϱҲ˶ѡ
ԼȻż֣Ȼǰǿѹ֮û̫෢ȨȴҲֵ֧ͬġ
һʹһˡ
Ϻǰ̨ͽͽǷԪύĸһ⡣
̨ҪԽʦΪһ㶼á
¶һ£Ҳ˳Ľеĳ˵ϡ
˵䲻õĻʦִʱָȨɱȨǰһ
ʵȨǴһĻ
ճЦ÷ԪЩ˳ˡ
ô˵أȻһʱҲ;²ֶΣȴǺʶʱ񣬴ʱʹúܡ
ָβô£˵Ԫʦ̧ĳҵüƴ󣬸ڶ࣬ǷǳʱڣǾ͵þһʹͬͬӦһ£ĳգʻЩжܲλͬν𡣡
ŵй˹֣ᣬȴŷЩһֱɴ˴Ƿ˵ıԵʿʱҲﰲһЩ
׳˵ײֶΣȴǺࡣ
ԣĳЩճֶͬΪײУ꣬նñ𣬺ú¡
ճĻû˵꣺ԣȴǲصǣʿȻ۵ǵʵȴʵʵϣ˴ζ˭˭ҪҪǿ˭ǿ
ֻҪ¹ǿüɵҲֻűӳ˶Ǹ޴£˵ǲ
⻰˵úƣԿ̬ȴûʲôЩĵһЩȡ
ԣͳе辶Źֵýȴаۡɵ˻űġ
ǣǶüУһɫаħûʲôȨģ̸ʲôԴˡ
ܶණȫҪɱҲǾ
һֱΡ
ʱճ˴˵һʱĶĵһЩͬ
ĳһתɧǡ
תͷȥͼĩλλŮȫ淺ɫ
ϵİˣ۾һգգȽס˫ڰ֣Ťš
˻˷ܣѾ߳ˡ
һɨգ˶ĵĺЦ
ߣ
ɫ䣬оԼȫӣڻʮֲϲ
Լ֮ʱȻǿȴûһ˻ʮ㣬ֻη度£ҶŵʱȽˣȫϴ磬Ӯ뷨ûС
Ŷãͱˡ
ﲻ䣬ɭ˼֣˳ĳ嶯ǵýʱͬգԼ⣬Щ鲻
ǿסĲʹ죬һªЦƵ˵ã֮ʱˮδһڣȥü֡Ȼûȡ̫ɾͣȴҲնɱ˻ط֪λ̨ʦкν
ͼذ֣ʼѣһ󰲾š
ۼ˵Σ˭˵ֻʵжҪġζޱȣɲɽϺ͹Ҽң˵ʹûõġ
ŶҪôжӣĪҲҪĳͬһȥаһˣչչ磿
ȻȻ뵱죬£Ȼܿտ˵ֻһζ׺ݲɱͬˣʲô£
۸ֵ˵㽭εЩȫаħ֮죿һɣ͸üͬ뷨˼ܱ֤ᷴһ˶ң
ݡ
ڳ˸
˻İ
Ҳճڸĵط
ʵжߣжǿܵ˵һ¾ɱʦͽ£۴֣ڧվЩ
˵³򣬴磬ɷҲʵ߿̨ɲ١
ǣ־ٶ̫˲ˡ



1510 һţ£
˵úá
ΪճᱻҵϿסȻŭʱȴķ֣λȻббڿ֮ϣûһŭ⣬ƺȲʡ
ô˵ҲЩܲܶԸüɣÿʵжҪŽҹɫˣ˾ȥüӪشһ˳նɱλˣ
ճЦ˵ƺ˵ս飬˵Աǲȥɢɢúܡ
һѶüɷ̬
ְѶüɵƽеɲ֪Ҫ١
ֻǴɱ˼СӣҲֵôꣿ
ճĻôһ˼
̾棬ʵڳ
ʵҲȷˡ
˵أЪûЪһ£ܵüӪ磬ɱආͱ˻ԼҲʧٽϹơ
˵ǴԶԶ㲻ϣȻҲ̸ϴܿ䡣
ʱųȥֻϹƣĺߴЩҲ
ܵ˵ȻˣҲ˵϶ôʡ
۵Ȼճָһͨ죬Ȼŭʹʱ˵úµͷҪŵźáɶԵпɲᣬҲ㵥ˡ
ɫȻŭ㣬ʵĵȴʮֵ⣬ֻҪԷһȥӪԸΧʱѣ֡
üȫ񽻷֮ʱȻٹ˲¡
ֻҪԼаٶϹһ֣ɱöüʿ˳һװ棬һ򾡡
Ȼ⣬ı㣬λϷħʦȴ˿δԣֻбۿճļȴܴۡ
˭ȥ˭ǹӣث
ճ΢ƲЦ
۵˼Ѿ֪Ҳ˶Էʲô⡣
ǺԵ飬һζļԼ֣ΨһԭȻǽ赶ɱˡңĿܣⰫӻڱ͵Ϯ
ԼܹƳҧҲһСˣöԷ˻ᡣ
ãһҲҵ뷨ڶüˣôıнϹƣҳնɱλħʦأ
һֹ󣬲֪֪ˡ
ճԼۺʵҪǿһЩҪնɱ֣ȴϲܡ
ԭСӿȻʮ׶ᣬʵϼ黫úܡǼƲܻܿܡ
ۼԪΪʵԼ֮ϵģճѾȹ֮ɷ٣ԪתΪ
ԪˣٶȻҲʮֿݣֻҪһҪճû׷ϡ
ۼ֮ԣּ͵ģճﰵЦӦͻȻһ̧ҹɫЦп͵ΪܵýӴһ
תͷ⣬ȵηҹãһ
ͬ׺ͼһɵƻһֱ⣬罣ס
𵴼䣬һֻ̻ɨ⡣
˶оһϣϺëһɾΣͷҲü
ճ̨𣬽֮쳹£һ棬Ȼúܡ
һ΢ʮ֧۵ĴסҡӰǰվһʿâЬϱһ«бһ֧𹳡
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⸱òﻹϵã
ȫЩѿ
ô޾ۼһˣԱ߾Ȼ˵ãԼȫȻ
ֱܴˡ
ŭƽ˼Ŀ򽭴ʦֺ档
۵Ŀ⣬üΪŹ֡
˵һȥüӪأδǱ˻һ
ʲôħʦ
ٿĳλʦ֮ʱһ䣬Ρ
ֻǼʶĽΪѹƵ۴ǲһǿ
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սǿҲˣʶҲǿûаֽҿԡ
һزԪ˳ɾͣʶԵøҪ
ԽԽǱǿ󣬴Ԫ񴿾ʵ¹
սԪռˡ
ʲôٶʲôƣ˶ܸӦõ׼Ȼڲ֮ء
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²ʶ»Ȼ
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˿ȥɫƽȴ侪塣
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֮ʱֻоԼԪ壬罹״ڶţԪҴܣ֫ԡ
ûˤ
̧ۿ򷢳λˣһʱ
һգӳ£ƴԣҰüɣ˰ʱ֮áҵʱôشţ
ΪҪ֮⣿
̡
ãȻڣʹ
ʱλʦŵˣ£ԼԷһȶûס
˼컯Ūˡ


1511 ׷ᣨϣ
һʱƽòײѹ·ڵѪ˴⡣
ɫһﰵŭ֣ʱ˿Ŀ⣬ȫһЩɡӵζˡ
أԲΪϷħʦ쳹µĴ֣˱֣Ȼİ
λɫƽλĽʦ֣˸оĪ⣬ʮŷ
ʿŭЩסˣˣǶüɵӻǲССʿһҰǻòͷˡ
ݵλһСʿҲϾ˦˶Էһء
һ۵Ķ⣬ֱоƤӿˡ΢΢һѹȴԼ⡣
˹ֵλϷħ˰ɣϵҪһλӢܣû뵽ȴǴʧմһԪʦ̨ȻƷ಻룬вʧ޵˱ݡΪͽܶв壬ѣյùҲǾȡ
˭µӺвɱս̹渶ˮеͶˣΪаеףƺС
һɺԣҹˣҪ̨δ̫һЩɡ˵£ݵÆ¡ճһαһ߳
üӻ𣿾Ȼ˹ǲѴһﰡ
ԼûȻ˵еҲãնħҲգô˵ûйϵ
Լλ̨ԼΪǰűһͨЩ̫֪ȤˣԼҲ֮
Ļȫʧ
ֱָͦŭ߳һӴѹѹϣϸ΢ɫһ죬ȴѪ·שžһѳ飬Ҳ΢΢һЩ
֪վڵеϵʿѾˣʱȴӲͦţҲɵðӲ
Ҷףʦߺȣʵˣѹɽ纣ܶ˾ûԣҲоҡҷβȡ
ǿס岻ʣһٲҳƪۣ˵ҶüɡͬɵѾǰаۣλǹǰȥǵ̣һҿа棬ʤλеǰ
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¸սѣô£
ȫˣһ˵˶ǻðɣء䵱ɸˣҲƲѡ
ֻüͬ˾ɣȫаǰĻɫ
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һʱΣӿһӰ
˱ϢһѹǰճѹȡǿȫĵһѪǰ΢΢ðǣۼþͶ㲻һצ
ʱߣʱһڶУȴ糿ĺģһ塣
ǰͼһ߽⣬˿ӵָ⿰ĵڣһ˵ɶߡ
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֮׼ʱ֮ϵȴǰıȥħͷ޹
ճǰ֣ųķͷǰѹµƹĽ˿ıº͹
ȴ룬һǰװ˱ƾܣ˳ݺݵĴԼֱС
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Ѳǽ֣ۣ졣
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ոǸȻƴǣ䱾ͯɣӤ
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˾ͼ֮һﴦǣͬһǵɫƼ׷ȥ
ȴǡ¡¡һը졣
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ڿŶһԲΰɫͨ
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âҲŽֱʧԶ
˻һۣԶ죬Х죬æҲ׷˳ȥ
Ȼǰսˡ
˵ҪϮüɵƺЩԣĪ˱˵յ֮ƣ
ΪޣΪֵȻ㡣
һǹǿһٶȹ죬ܴϣоǧﲻۡ
һ׷һӣֻǼ֮䣬͵ݳǱ߽磬Ҫаˡ
һ٣жԳɡ
ʱ嵽˵ȥǺ׵
ǰȴǲܲ˵ֱӴ˽ȥǰǴ죬ԼԼĿ̫Ӱ
ãܽԪо
֪ʦҲüͣ˽⣬˵˵ľٶȫ̫Ѱ׷׷ֵȥûҪɣѵԹѵڣ
ʵϣ仯֪ʦûҪ졣
ǰӰ׷һȣҲųɽִֻٽüȻ¡
ţںҹ֮Уԭյķá
ը죬ռҲ֨֨죬ǿǿӲӲһ㻨ɶûе˷նȥ
õ
һԶǾ˵ĳ¶һµķɽɽֻ΢΢һΣͻ⡣
ֱбɣǣճһȫй
һ価ֹͣ
ճİ棬ɽȻԶ˴Ǳаһֻٿطɽ似
ĽУҲʮ죬ؼҽóõ̫ҷֹ⽣


1512 ׷ᣨ£
ͬĽͬýȫһ
ؼҽãճſұ˫նһ˵ˣһ˿ٻ첻
ǰĽͬ
ÿһÿһ켣Ǿǧεһ㣬˫һĽȫ
ֹ⽣Ӱͬ߿裬ʱ׼ˣճߡ
ճԪһüġСҪѨ΢΢䡭
֪ԷҪסԼĽ˵ľˡԾ˹ɭ̹ǣظһͬ͹
Ƕȹٵ˶ûг棬ֻһ⣬ƿش˷أɱᾡģϧǣСˡ
ճһ䣬ۿԷƼ֮ʱȻβľͳ࣬ͬһֱۼⱩͻ
âǣټӿ죬һ¾ͳֹ⽣Ӱ
ڲ֮У֮ʱһ֮ʣֳ벻ı仯
һýâؽ⣬ֱնˡ
Σգ
Ѿû˿Ѫɫƶʱʮֻҡ
벻ͯԳ֣ȻûסԷһͻնǻ֮
ɴʱѹ˲̫࣬Ҫڰ׹ԼһƷ𹳣ԭķɽҪãʱոռɣҲǶ˼ֱա
ԷնһȻǿϾǾֹ⽣أֻϮҲ㲻úӦ
ĵ˱ȻǰбҪסճնĽâ
ɡ
ˣ
Ԧȴɽϸϵ
׹ݺ÷һһңλñ䣬ؼɣҴҳ֡
ɽ̨ͤӰ񣬷ӹ
δ˵ǰǽӰѻΪʵҪװȥ
Ѿˡ
ǳ֮ǰ˵ǰͬˮݰڷ飬һ߽⻹Ӱǰ
ֶͷ˾ˮ֮УԺͻأһ˿⣬岻Աһ
Ѫ١
ͬһ㵹ɳȥԭһƬĩۼԵѪȡ
ҵֱۡ˿Ѫ
ն鵹ˣɽϾ֮Ȼ˵ԪѰԵһˡ
ǵǧ߷ֹ⽣ٻ𹳵ý⣬δնұۣӹء
СѪⶼըɷۣһʮ־޴˿ڡ
ƣܾܲȻδ֪
ֻǵͷһۣʹδӦԺǰһڣǻ˹ȥ
һ̣۽Ǽһܿռ仯ɽӳǳرǨи죬ˣǧ衭
ճһնײβļƴһбޱҲռһϷ硣
ƿ̫ҷֹ⽣˵𹳣նһ첲
һʱ֮䣬ֻоعĵֵһЩᣬȻɢȥ
ȸԾ峿籡һճÿһռ䡣
һյľܾΪδϣû뵽ĵģԼûз֡С£ԭҲ㲻ʲôΪľûʲôȵĳһ죬˱˵ͻữΪħϮ
ʱùֳһڶγͨ͸֪ԪжһЩ
ۣѾˣҾͲ̵ס
˳ճͷøΪͨ͸
ǰϮʮֲǿᣬɽɫܣ˫Χ£ǻ˼䡣
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ǰ׹ݺ÷һԶ֣ɽϡ
Сεϵʱ䣬ŭ
Ȼ죬ȴûоˡ
Ŀ֮£㱻һնɱ龰ԶüɵĴҲ޹⡣
λ˸ոս˼һˣͬʱӭɽϵֹսν˫ʧˣҲǿԺ
ճȴôΪ
ֻԶԶţַû̫ӡԲ˵Ϊ̫ߡ
ɽϵĹǿҲûü޵Σա
ôΧԼܹӦģ鷳ģʵۡ
ǼһŭķųϹƣսһҪѪϴüģݡɱڡ
ʵأ
׷;УԽԽɾͱճ˹ȥ
ųѪᦣǣٶȶ죬ǰճ˶üսǰߡ
Լأں׷ϡ
ٶȱȲ𣿡ԪһݣȻʵ
ԣıΤټʶ㣬ûо˰ิӵĳ棬ʱͻȻ
Σˡ䵱иʦˣҲͬˡ
ڴºͶüУһ޹ӱаȻա
˶ϱˣ֪
ɽֳɽ𢣬뽭ʦ
â꣬Хףɽѣߵ
ڼ˲Զոշɵһ۰СӰȴһ˿̵ɫ
˫һĨվһǣҹշ׹䡣
ֻһˣ͵˽ս֮
Ҫһ򾡣ǡôѡڼȫԵеĹؼʱ̡


1513 ѿǣϣ
ճ׷̫⣬ҧס˺;ֵĽɫɽ
һʦʦȼҲ˺棬ֱôްզࡣ
󲿷˶ǿĿѣԣһĵǲѡ
ȻҲһʮָӡ
ճĳٶܱһֵôֵ֧ġ
Ǿǵ

˶±ȵġ
Ҳ˵ǲǴùʦˣЩ黹ǲ̫Զ
ʦֲڵڷֿ̽ĵˣƴѹзʿ׷ٹһǰ
ڵзǿǰ˿֪
һѵ˿ʮɵô
ЩлǣҲǲò˵һ
λϷħʦԵ̫ˡ
ڻ֮ʱҾ֣˵ͷͷǵԶһЩ˵Ĳͼ̧Լ
һҲħ뢵ķ緶һжȫôһ¡
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οһЩͿ뷨ʱƴľٶôôҪ̵
¾£λʿã˼
ΪϣΪ
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ʱĿ֮£˲˴֣˽Щ޴ˡ
Ͼ˵뷨̫࣬ԼγǰǺѪʿ˽ˣҲЩçͷǿϲ
ûɵӣǰһĻķȻȻľжϡ
ճɽϸʩУʱҲ̵Ŀˡ
˵ҲѹֲסȫС
Ҫʲô
ʱֶԸͬڵ̫ӦˡԪŭȵ
Թ壬Ǳ˿óҩؼҽҲǿˣһʱн
ҩһҪǰܽơ
ģȴؼҽã𣬺⡢˪⣬βǣԪüĺӡ
һɼϢŮϴ˱ѹȵȫ
ƴ
ǣǰսĶĸˣǼСǰȥǲЩףֽܲȥ𣿡
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Ĳ뼸λó£ҲףκǲʦֱɽϾסһʱܷġ۴ӺȽ˭֪ʲô⡣
ĵĻǰһ
Է߿ķֹ⽣˵˻ȥǾʹ˰֣ŸǿĹơ
һʱ˷꣬Σء
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ʯ鰵ҧҧҲȰˣϵһͳ󱦽һҪ׷档
ǰľ֮ܲǾӰɡ
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ҩһӳɳ죬ǽˣҲࡣһּգȴǰˡ
֪֪λСʦ𼱰ΪˣǲŲǹҰҲһ룬ʦּʱ˰֪ôܲӷҲ㡭
Ԫͷһͼʱǰ۴ʦԾ׹ݡ÷òɿ
翪ɽʯԲççǿ紫˵п̹ţ׷յĿ丸ֱҪһ㡣
ǿǿˣȻȴЩġ
ʦôһç򣿡
ԪճδҲȥɽƶɱ˶ὣ̵ӡ󲢲λʦֽгŲߵı¡
ڲ֮д漣
ı󶯵ģնԸٱˣƿشҲˡ
ʱһ£նɱʦͽʯ飬ǰۡɱ£Ю£ģƿش¡
ȥƺû̫༼һȭȴ˳£ûаǿ
ǶΪʿҲòó
çΪ
мڴˣԪڴģڵľӦþĳ˳ˮµ֡
Ů˱ϾЩǹңⱻǡ
ҪǰҲ֮飬ǣڷԪ¾С
üλôǰȥʱʲôˣʦֻعͷһҪʰľԼ
Ԫ̨£ﰵҲ̬ԣ͵úúñˡ
ﵱɽ͵Ϯ潭ʦôţ
ͷӽʣӡӻضһΪˮҪµķΣ֪Ҫ¡
ĳһ˵ɶ֮еĿͷӣʵѾˡ
һʼٸ߱أȴǱʦ͵͵֣ɹʦͽԶ֣ӲİλüһŮɿڻɽ֮ϡ
￴ζԼǺģݳְء
ԼĿţʱ⣬ԼԲ˶ߡ
Ԫ˵óϿңҩüԶҲԣûʦֳԹ΢΢
ؼҽ⻰ȴǸӵˡ
ɫӵԪǲ֪ǰ˵˭ǿǼˡ˼ҼȻ֣鷳ܴÿҽöڳܲ棬λǰ顣
ԪԴһΣԲԲֵѾˮЦλСʦ㣬ȥҲûðǰ˼ֻҪײϵġԽʦֳ֣ϳ˶ʲôãүһӦ֮ߡ
ǰҿԪ˵úеعٵһȿ
Ѿֲˡ
֪ʦҲȰ
ʵϣ˵ǣǶüЩǰɣʱҲԶţǰ
˽֮һӿȣռ䶼΢΢飬ͽá
ǶüЩӣʱ˵ϳ¶ͱˣԶԶ˻ıаڡ
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֮У˶ѾĬˣĳλʦѾ¶ʿ֮֡
ⲻЦ
࿹ɽϵΧ֮£м˿
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ʵ֪Ԫ˵һҲû
˵ȷʯĳԼȥʵҲûá
˺ͼĩͽȻڲͬ壬Ҳɪ
ôһʱ䣬˸û飬ֻǰȻգ飬һֻԧ첻ɵζ



1514 ѿǣ£
˸ܺãһ˫ŮҲǿɰɡ
ЩǷҲûȥУ·ơ
һڡ
꣬ںϷ׷ͻȻоһӴٹУƬնƺҪ
ŻˣܻؼУͼԼҸĸɫҰףһСͯǰ
תͷУȫʹź
ǧȴһ仰û˵ڡ
ĸױӴԪͻţҪνᱻһɽΰסȻͬŮһ
ȴһûа㷴˼ֻǰ棺ͽ֪в̤ʦʧˣʵ޿ˡֻ˴αֻ֮ػʦ£ٴСʦŮչһǹ¿
˵ʱûлͷҲûٿСŮһֻۣǳĿ
öȴǴĿʹ
ҪǰȥһʸףɲԲҪֻأԼ
ǣɽѹ֮£ȴǰ벽ǰС
ͷԽհ׵£λͯ˵Ļ棬ȥɣ˴ԪٻȷǺͿ͸н֮ҲȡΪʦڣֻ֮ա
䵭Įûһ˿ůӽȥ֮ǰչؿޣѽ֮ʱǵһ˫Ůϵаš
ѽҪ֮塢ͼ޸ʱĸŮԲ֮ա
ⲻо
ɫҰܣĿһ۱ˣ̲סͷ˿ͺˣˮһͷȻ¡
ûᣬĿ͵ľԪ񱻼УֳᦡüȱһһڵϣŮԺڼʦš
ȻͳһС֮Уػһֻ޴׺
ԪͬС
˵һЩʲôСؼҽѾǲˡ
Ը뵱յΣһͻʹʹ
Щ飬һ˿ܻϵʱ;в̫࣬Ҳϰߡ
ۼ޵˾ͽƽҲãƽƽҲգȻΥǾֻ˳ӡ
ĸڶһС֮пా£ʱҪȥǣΪ˵ĴֲãҲֻһ롣
ǰЩӣжʧ󣬲ƻʧܣץסΪ檣ʱΪҡ
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ʱһ룬ĸ׻᲻Լû˷أ
ᣬᣬܵðѽٰɡ
ڰܵÿ⡣
ĳ˳ŵĻԸš
ǣΪʲôҪôɵһҪȥǵأͲܱܿһ𣿡
ǰӰһǰӭսǵ̫ҷֹ⽣ֻоʹ
޴ѹѹǴ嶼΢΢
ֺϵ˰±ҿѪܣʹĳ

ִ䣬оһƬ
涯ˡ
á
Ȼ
ĿǽΡ
ӱӿһ꣬ͬǺӵй㣬ǰӰȥ
;оɢһƬ˷֮·һƬӵصĽɫǽѹ˹ȥ
һγ֣ƺǰĽѵЩٶϹȫĵ˵
ӳ䣬ܼϵѪɫ
͸⣬忴ǰӰأδȻݺնۻǿ
һƬӾ
ֻĺڰ֮УǰһȫʧȥɫʣɤҲ·סһ㡣
ѹںԼҲ
ͻȻֱһʹץסһϲˣ㿪ˣү㿪ˣ㡭
Щ˻ƣż״Ρ
֪ڼǼΪˣǻ
»ָǰĺڰɫָֻ˹ʡ
ݺݵ۾ȥͼǺХȥӭԵģȴǰ׹ݺ÷Ľþ
ͷ
ȫ󻩡
ԶаҲŭ
ᰴס࣬оѹֲסĻϲе
ûЦҩЦö
Ԫ˵ûǼһȷ㣬һӻˮЦſУҲ˰֮кâ缱ꡣ
ǧǧĺɫ˿ߴƬضɫӳҹջΡ
Ǽ˵Ǭ룬ųʮ˿꣬Ǭ
ȻѾֶԸٶϹƣҲûлүˣȥأô޶˶˾ʧ
޴Ļϲͷ延ϲ֮ɻ
˶ڲ²ŽʦΪδŴžͲӰһʱ벻ס
ֻշ׹䣬ǰٶϹƵĸ


1515 ͨϣ
ÿһɫ˿߶͸һǣϸСһƬڹƳը죬׹˿˿Ƶĳ֣һƬ
Ե棬ǬֱǿԪ־ݻڲȥӵʶӲҲֵסһǬ룡
ճãɽϵĽ΢֮Уתһɰһˮ
ҹɫµһ΢⡣
˵Թ˿ҲӰǰ׹ݺ÷ˣҲôһɲǣʧȥ˶ֵټ
ҲӦġ
˵˵ĽݻһƬ󺣣־ѱһͨƽˮΣǴ󺣵ɲ֡
гͳһֱ˴ˡ
ʵϣҪƶݱҲûʱ䡣
ӭľϹƣǧɫ˿ߴ䡣
仯䡭
׹ͷһη֣Լȫʧȥƿء
ѧˣֻǱмܣӦ䡣
˿ճܴλǰɵĽ֮ʧһ˼飬ճ˵ȴȻȻǿ
ʵϣɽʹ΢ճѾǵμˡ
һʦս֮ʱ
ʱ»δóʮɷħõֵľѧԶüĿҽ
ڶξǵڻɽƲ˾ͽƽʱ
ʱüһ˺Ͱ׹ڳճΪ׹ݹһУʱ䲻ȴǾ
׹ݵĽʦҪǿһЩ
һԶüԺΪĳϣǿ
Σǰɽ｣ˣм΢󷨵ã֮
һ˱˵ԵУУֱֲʵãһСľͻ̤ţһնɱ
ζսĽСѧѧѧһαһθ
ճȻһͬԵ㡣
ʵϣӪļ
ν֣ȫתѼܵĽÿһÿһʽǧǧƬΡ
Ȼ󸴹鱾Դɽ
һһ֮䣬侫衣
ǿļ֮£ճҲŪ׽ôһ¡
ԼĽͬüɽߵĲɱ¾·ӣߵı仯·ӣΪ磬һǧ򻯣Ī⡣
˵Ǳѧң׹ݺ÷˾ѧңǽѧҡǲԽ췿ӣһԽ硣
漰ռ䣬׻Լɷá
ô̵ʱ֮ڣҪѧһݱľʹóȻܡ
ֻ⡢о⣬ճ˵ȴǿġ
ݣŽ˵Ѿû̫ܣȻҲв
֮ĴòɿʵϣֻӦѡ
ûзɽϵϣ󲿷˼ڹע۵ж
Ŀ꣬ҲһֱǽϹơ
ʲô£۲ܷ½ģȫԸ
Ƿųһһַء
ǾڿʤϣѾ;ĩ·¡
һȥճȫɽϴη棬֮һߣʵʱ
ͬȼĸ֣ȫ֮ʱ˭˻ܷĹעܶʱ̷˴аϮأ
ҲΪõ
ԣˡ
۷ųȫٶϹƵʱճҲˡ
һʱ䣬ĽͿʼ仯Ӵ󿪴رþϸ壬ݻ΢
ӻݻ
üͬʦֵһӲɽֵɽ֮Уһ
ϸ£Ӻ󣬵ǣճȴѾʧ٣˽ȥˡ
Խ󷨼ҡ
ʱڽһ̣ԼһģһΣʤΡ

һ˲䣬ճٶϹƵѿаУһ˿ԼĽ⡣
֮Уųر۵ɱ
Ǽ˵Ԫ
ĽΣѿǣľɽϺݵ΢
Ƥӵ£ճӲһˡ
ģҸ֮䣬ྫ΢ơ
ͻȻı֮£ɽ׼㣬ǣǾͱˡ
Ƿ֣Լ˽ҪӭսƵİٶϹơ
ǰһֱۻԵĽƽӰ죬˸ûзԱ߻ȫ͵Ϯ
һħʦ㾡ȫϰϹ溣
ڼӪУǺֵεġ
Ƭռ䶼Ԫƿ֮С
۸ոշճûڵʯ֮䣬ͯҲˡ
һֱ׼ǧƳ棬һ֮£ȫ
׹ݺ÷˼˾һɡ
Цݸո¶Ѿס
ѪĹƳ汻һɨգ˻ΣԪ类ǧܴһ㣬ʹòһ˵ڵأ֫һ
˫ǻ֮̿ɫѪ
ôηÿҵİٶϹƣ
оһ޴ıΧԼΣϯġ
Ҳ룬һ̹⣬ɶݡ
˴ܴˣ뿪



1516 ͨ£
ߣ
ߵ𣿡
һͻȻУ׺
Ԫ񱾾ʹЩԺɳƺһξڰ΢΢סٷ֮һ롣
һɲǣǰͳһɫ磬ӱаͬһ㣬ֱֱӹظ֮䣬ûκ赲
Ѥý֮У˶ʧȥ˼άֻǾ棬һնΡ

չӰۿţ°ڽ֮ڻϰȴǳƽ⣬һѪ֣Զٶȥ
ֱֻߡ
ٶȱǰҪ
Ѫݣ֮
׷ˣû뵽˻˵ƣնζӵò
һȷɱԣǹƺ飬νѵ˹֮壬ɱ
𣬾ͼĽɫ׷ѪԽ׷ԽԶۼҪ޹
еٶٿҲмޣѪ֮ȴȼԪŴƼ֮
һ
ʲôʯʦڸпˣͻȻɫ䡣
Ƹ֣ǰýսֳԶʱøС
ڼǬѰٶϹһɨգٽһֱӰնصʱ͸оЩԡ
ڽӳ֮£ɽϵĽ֮УƺһЩ
ٶϹƣ˪ѩһصĳʬʱѾʧ
һδ죬Ϣɡ
˱仯ἫΪۡ
۱նһĻʵ̫ģ˵߶Ҳһɱâ
ڸûһע⵽
ã˻ڡ
һ£ʯʦӦ˹üɺʹңң˶ˡ
ǰûɽһѵλʦ֣ʵһֱڣһֱûߡ
ֻ۵в޷Ŵ󣬰Լתע
ͬһʱ䣬żȫԸ棬Ҳŷˡ
һ£ǹȴ£ʬ
ȻճΪʲô壬ɽǳŭ
÷ǱңֻһСˣòҪҪģͷŭ
ŭͷ𣬶򵨱Ҳ˲άֽ
ڳʬʧĵطȻըѣ籩һ¡¡ֱնȥ
ܾ缤ٹ⻪ˮӣȴ޵һԪԪն
ͷȫ֣һɨǰĸ˷ȣСȻһЩ͡
㣿
üɵ޸֣Բÿһϳ˽Ҫɶ֮쳹£ѹķʢ֮¹Ȼ顣
ճ̾ţȴЦһҪδ̫߿Լˡ
ɱ֮£ˮϵĵӰ¶
ֽۡٽʿɽն䡭
÷ⱼ׺һ͹ǰ
ǰӰȴڵľٽն£Ǽ̣˵ĳٻ˥
֮ϣ󱻰ǧʯظ
ӱۣٽ΢ףն
ƺһɣʮֻʵϿþˡ
÷ǵֱն䣬ſ̵ǰ
¡¡
쭣ɽѣԭسһʮɷԲľ޴ӡ
֮УԼһġꡱ졣
÷ųķɽ硱һը˿Ƭɼ䡣
Сβ͵ɶһѪ
°ѱȾ죬֫
׹ݴʧɫҲ˲øŽڿӿ֮䣬ζž͵÷ǰһЦ
Ӳƴ쿪ˡ
ڣǵӰȴǷŵ⣬һһ֣ͬسɴ硣
Х죬һ˻Хų
ǳʤ׷ս
ģ
㿪

üɹսһʱôҲû뵽Ʊ仯֮졣
ͻϮճݣٵƵٶϹƣ˳ն׷ա
ͬһʱ䣬÷ճƣЮƼնޱߡ
ǰһǻĻŭţһǾԡ
սֱ仯Ӷתһʱ֮䣬ûܹ֡
׹ܵס÷᲻ᱻһնɱ
ɽһųʱѾΣ֮С
ǰȥ֮ʱӦû˭õᷢչ˾档
ڶü˵ľֽУ׹ݰ׷ԷѹƮȻȻĵ÷ǰſն
ҲҪ࿹ˡ
÷ס֣ƴ׹ܵס
඼ᵽɤۣơƵһЩСۺ⡣
Ψһܾ˵ļˣǺɫ⻹ڼԶХŵȻѾ
콵ơ
ճĮȻһ̣ʲôҲû룬ֻнǰС
糱ȫӰ쵽һһ;У·ܺεݣǶ
ֻҪΪУ͵һնɱ
ⲻǽǿ󣬶
˽ʤ׷ܡ
ճţ׹ݾסԼ
ü־ɫ֮ʱ
ǺǡһͯЦ͸Уƺûоֱ
ڰ׹ݺճǰͻȻͳһţ纣Ŀ
ճⲻͬǣŵ翵Ӱȥ٣Ҳ֪Ӻδʼ֡
ֻͻȻ֮䣬ǰͶһ磬ƿӿν⣬նư硣
Ѿõһ
ˣճһкֻһɱѾ͸롣
δԼԪȫ澯
̫ҷֹ⽣
ν̫ңǳ̬ͳһǿռͳһصͳһĽƺ׷ʵϣѾҵߡƬΧȫĽ֮£ֱ˴˴
ճһ
֪̫ҷֹ⽣ǵεķַˡʵһģԪӦҲп١
ңСһļˣ˼󺣡
һб仯Ȼ֮С
ȹٵĵɣʵúܡ
ƿأԡ


1517 ɱϣ
ճһأ
ĴУλ½ĺ֮㣬ѹǰҴɱҼΪ̡
ҪԸȱݣֱǵͱκ鶼̫˼ɺ
ֻҪǵͷˣаǻӽն档
·ʽɣˬ죬ʵ
ڶüɵһЩǰУǾһç򣬲Ϊ塣
ôĶʿϢ֮ͨʿôһصĺȻ˵ġ
˰ɽ֮ǰǶüɲ̫⽭ΣҲͬ뷨
ʵҲ֤Ĳ
λһ¾ʹԵֶΣƿ̨ɱɡն¡ۣѹȺޡ
ж֮У˼Գ󣬹ײβ
Ϊ޲һɵ
ʵ̫ǿ󣬿ͱ
ʱ˿̣ͻϮնɽΣ֣ٴӭս˺ƴ翽֮ʱ˲ŷ֣ǰλʦΪȫϷ
һֱûȫ֡
֣ɱġճɫûб仯ɫ׳һǻڼ˽ոն֮ʱûм㲨ɢȥΡ
ǰΣȴƮˡ
ٶȿ⡣
֮ʱȻҪ֡
·ǰĽΪ˹УΪ뿪
һһ֮˿ǿȻƮڡ
ףģԪã۹ãɻǵһ
Įͯɵ֮͸żּͣż顣
Լ˵Ƕǿĺ󱲣ȻǰǵжԣȻһˡ
ŰĽԽԽǿӳơ
۰Ӱ˵ö죬׷ǽ档
ܿǵɣ˵Ŀ⣬þ£һ㡣
ƬմƺҲŲ
ճ˵ξ˻ķɶ꣬˱ܣȴһŽȥĸо
Σˡ
ԪС֪ʦ˵ɴ˫ۣһֱ³
˵˼ųڵϵǿɡ
ǶüɶϣǸصٸˣ乧мӣֱͻ
ǰ˻û֮ͯѾ̽£һüüҲֺ
µļӱǶУײٹ¡
ǣٲֻһΪտ޵ǰ
Ȼ֪ҲüӪ֮Уû̫⡣
ϾµǰҲ̫ˣ֮󣬴ôһ¡
ʱ˿̣صһ˶з䣬ʣҴڽελãܷ񵲵סһܷӵһ
Ȼǲܡ
λϷħʦѾ˺ܺõİ
ʹֶΣҲһһѣѧħ̷࣬ԪѪóѪ֮ʱ͹ɻҡ
ӳӳôȫʧ䡣
ʱ׳־ѾȻӰ
ؼҽôʱѾľȻǾʹǵ⣬Ұ޹⡣
üӡҲ׾һ˿Ԫߣ֪һʹǾѪ
£µģʦһа취ҩ۾죬ȴû³çĳǰȥ
ֳĶ֣ԼΪ̫ȥҲ𲻵κá
סغ࣬ƺҪȡůҲҪԷ

Ӽһ֣ճ֪ԷΪ̫ߣռ̫ƣöԸ
ԪʾҲʱپȥߡ
Ψһİ취Ǳ
֪жȹٵĸֶǼʮر
һǿˡ
ΪףҪ߹·Ǵӷɵת䣬ԼǳǼ˾һš
֮š
ճѧֽǣԪǧ򻯵Ю๥Ľƽ⣬϶ûʲôô
ܻǧ֮õǰޣڴ˷磬ʲôĹδʶ
Ƚɣƾ΢޴
ôΨһȷľֻһ
Ȳ˿ҲǷֹ⻯ӰǽֽǲһάȵĽ
ն
ԽŽԪڿաѿաֱԲųƽ
ά콣ķ֮Уܷӳǿܡ
˽ֻܿ򣬲ǿѧܹﵽľ硣
˾ǻˣᣬǰñʵȻᡣ
ΪǹǧȻʶĵһֱָֻۣʡ
ۼ֮εȵزչˣ
Ȼû𻯷Ǿûﵽ׵ز
ԣճԣΪԷ̫ࡣ
ӭ總֮ĺճͣΣգ˫Ŀ߳⣬ࡣ
ڰеȺɽһ㣬ֻվһּ᲻ɴݵ⾳
Ͻɫ֮ߣֳɫȥѲˡ
ǣɫ֮ͻأĳϸѪƣͼ
ԶԶȥǴԶ߹
ӭŽɫ⣬ֻǾٽü⣬һ䡣
ն
졣
ɫٿصأһ̶֨֨¸·˶Ĳȡ
ǰռҡ飬ûһ⣬ȫֱĿײ



1518 ɱ£
ɫӱ޿赲Ҫӹ
ǿ֮£ǰһڡ
İҹȫһ˿
ͻȻһɫԲδ󶴣ܿռϢɷۡ
޿赲Ľɫڶ֮ǰҲʧȥǰֻһͱɡ
Ӱζţػһоɢȥ
֮ͼ㣬ʮԶС£
ңԶʣһ˸ʧǷλǰѪ뿪·һģһ
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Ȼ֮ţʱգ˿ɵС
һ̾Ϣ
˶֮ϣȫǲ졣
ʵϣû֡
¶ڱ˿Ͳ飬ֻԼǰһ֮Ҳûйϵ
ʵϣ˲֪ǣϢϢء
ԭ֮У֮նɱ֮ƮȻȥΪͿ׼ˣһͲǶü޵Ķ֡
ΨһһʦҲֻǶüʦ֮ͽɶһ˶ֵܵС
ʣ˵ȣǴո
ȫǽꡣ
ʵչҲȷʵϡ
ʦսܣǶüеôڶ֮бնɱЩɽɢȴʮ֮˾š
ս󣬶üǣ硣
ж˳˳ˮɳһӣҲܴøǰʿͷö಻ԡ
˥ɰܣΪҪ
ĸ˵³ɰܾУһж޿ɸġ
ΨһҪľ˳ʱֻһ£ܵõԼҪĽ
ɽʱգ˾ȵķ֣ǰ·ѾĵĲҲҹϮλˣôöԸ
ѹֵһҼƻؼҽֻС°ȥ檣ԭո˵˽ϧǣ㲻̣Ϊǳ֮ʱͳҵǰصĵƲǵƣùһ֮󣬾ܡ
ԶԶȥͯɫȻĿ䣬ͯɿɰ
ڵĶüֻǿһۣͲķŲԾԾȫ
һͣҿ
ˣ·˶ɣûһ˿һĤݵ
Է˫ɨһˣܿ͸һС
ǰ
׹ɫδ޼ʯ־ĵһ˿϶ֲ˼ʣԵʮ־ᡣ
ϸһ˿Ц⣬ʣǺ󱲵ûˣջ᲻ǰɣ
ǣ뼫ǰ󡣡׹ݵæص˲÷Ҳڴ֡
ҹ֮ǰǶ֪ɽƲһĵӣѶԸúܣ˭뵽˵ز
ѾܲܶԸ⣬һü޵Σ
дڣü˴ƶܳΪӰ
Ϊûһ࿹
ڰ׹ݵΣûݵǰѪħո֮ʱʱҲǺ£˿ơ
ѪħԿ˶ԸΪϰħȻȱݡ
һȻͻᱻĳЩ͹ơ
ǽȴǲͬ
ȴĵҹŲǰ;
ԽܵģߵĻ֤·ӡ
ֻҪԭϾûа취ԸЩѰˡ
Ȼһλ˶֣λǰǸŹֵӣĳǷȫԼ⡣
ǰԷȥҲȥ׷
׹ʵġ
վڼ˵Ȼȥ׷
ԼǳǧǰˣԷһͲʮĺƴ֣Ȼ¶ԷͱȷŹ
˵ˣݣôľٶ޹⡣
⣬׹Ｑ
Żɽ֮ԷٴξֲڳǸô죿
΢˫Ŀϵϲնβᵽ
һ׹һ㶣žЦ˾ͺá
һڷ
վںߵơƵȴЩɻ
ȻںûгȴôţǽͣӦòģѵأ
˵Ҳţǿһɣƺܿ˼һ㣬ָͣǰһԲ
һ󲨶ˮ棬ƽ
ǰͳһЩӰ
һ˵Ӱ
һӳû⣬ɫâ֮͸Ŷ棬㣬ӳɽԱ̡
Զľɽʯ࣬Ϊɻҡ
ʮɷħԣҽ֮еɷ֮Խ߶ԭħ֮ϡ׹Ȼ
֮Ҳһ
ʮɷؾڹ𣿶òôˣ
֪ϼʦ̫˵⽭츳ѣκνǰֻҪùһΣѧһЩ衣žбѧȥҲΪ֡
ԭˣǰ֣ǰǰֵ΢ôҲģڶ֮ʱѾ͵ѧȥ
һЩ˾˵ţ׹ݺ÷ɫЩ졣
ʵһ䶪顣
ֲκβһѧȥĽԷһֱܴ衣
߾ѿʦһ쿴棬׷ˡóʮɷǶԸ۵⡣ɷƲ֮βˡ
ѣȥ
ͼ̻â֮УһߺⶫͻôҲ岻ȥ
ȻûУ·ĲҺХ
ԽԽ̻𽥽Ϩ𣬹⾵֮ɽҲѾɻҰɫķʯ롣
һֻץǿŹת档
ȻƵתͷнƣɱӿ纣糱
꣡
ǰĹ⾵ƣžӰĿ鿪
׹΢΢˻ΣأһȴƵȺ󱲣ɱһ壬վȡˤڵء
Сӡ
׹üͷ΢壬ĵͷ
˶
αͼΪֵ۵⣬ɲ֮ǸѶԸ
ǻ𣿡ҡͷЩʧ
׹һͻȻ̧ͷзϲɫǰոõǶΪأϤ΢˵ǰԽ֮ʱǰѾº֣Ӧþɱ
˵óɣԽ˵ԽƶЦǰ۳ĵһɱ۽ôǿᣬҲԪ˻
һɫȫˣ׼˫ӣ﷢


1519 øǿһЩϣ
˵ĽȻûô򵥣
ڴ˻ȲʵʱճѾߡ
Ӱߣѭڤڤеָݵķ׷ȥ
İٶϹƳʬħͷϢǼһӵʱ֮ڣճǸţ
֮ǰõĲ衣
ԭļƻ֮Уֻ涯֣ٽ赶ɱˣһ񵽳ʬĿ꣬ȥüν
һеȵԼʵһ˵
ǣλųǿɵ֮ͯͷ֣ԼǵЩ̫ꡣ
ΪһѾԷǿֱ˵
ԶԶȥܼ޺ԪȫǵǾ壬֪ʦ䵱иʦҲһǧɡ
ĵСؼҽˣŨıֱӴʹġ
һ̣ճˡ
Ϊʲôغ˶Դ˵Ĳ⣬СС;һֿĲɣ
ô˵أƽԻõغС꣬һ˶ʱǻŻİ
ԴڼͯӵϰνİţʵǿȨǿƶ߱ءʲô⿪ǲڵģϾ࡭ϣ˶ͽﻹչˣʵϲûںǵ뷨ֻöѡ
мڴˣճòΥԼ׼
ֱ뿪һۻ롣
ҪѹסɽϣҪʿǰӲһμ˵Ľ档
չʾһ⡣
һΣյ顣
תδﵽתԪӦУճΪԼܵס˵ĽƷâΪΪҪ²ڴսɢҪʿ
֤Լʵǲһõ졣
·ʤ
һֻܵ죬ܴʤ
ô򵥡
ǣ£ʬĿ֮󣬾ɽϳˣֱǿļˡ
˽һУȫˣ·磬ȴδ¶
Чܺá
ճûͷȥʵĻУϲã·𿴵СеĻʡ
ʱǻϵʱߵķ򣬲Ӧǰɽλ
ΪϷħʦܻмͽӦʱϵ̫ãͻᱻӻѣʱͽ
ڼ˽ӵһճȤˣһΣ۲ħͷİٶϹƣǿ顣
λٵɵĽ֮κ˶ף鱣εĿɹ
Ϊһ˾顣
ԼжĲʱڻ
նһնʮɿռ촷ۣȷܴ󣬻վڴ˷۷壬ƵǲľҲûûԽŴʼԪĽ֮
ȴȻŲ֮Ǿʹ߱Ϊһ㣬ܴݶ
طһȻճԿռֱֶӸݻ٣ڲִ֮ٲܷͬͬɱһ
ǣԷĽȻͬռһ飬ûնϣȴһನ͸ĿռӿֱӳԪ֮С
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췢ɱתơ
ɱƺǳģǴ˷һֶ⣬ǱԴ־ŭûʵμȴڡ
˾ǣɱԽΪԷΪΣֱӴݻٵˡ
ֶΣճδţδ
ʱףΪ汻һն֮°ֱڻϰһӹŷߣѪֶΡ
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ûнӽתסԪҽ˼ǿһ»³Ҫҡ
ճɶ뿪ͷңԶıа巽гһ˿⡣
˶᷸ԼĴǵ͹Բֱ׵ٽɵֶΣĴûһֱ׷ɱ
˷׷ɱճҲû̫õİ취
Ҳʱˡͻƣֻ
üɵĴ֮ƣҲܵ
ǣʱȴһֻҪ˽ҹƣξ˸Եı仯
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ݣǴδϵԣҪʮ࡭Ҫһʱ
СѾͷԺ𣬺ĴһЩС
ãֻҪܳɾУҲ̫İɣɱƲҵľתʱѹֻҪȵתͻƣתѪ¡
ͣѾ۵ټˣǰѾͷԪĹž
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һɨͷǰԶԽԽһѪ⡣
ݵΡ
⣬һӦӻذɽȻˣָ֮ͻ𣬱øԶԸ
ϧѾûлˡ



1520 øǿһЩ£
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ԶԶĿӸоâڱ
ԴɱˣҲǼˡ
ڸӦɱȷƣ
ճ֪Է˺ַ˷紫ڶ࣬ϡŹֵķ
ͷһۿӵķ⣬ɨÿһռ䣬ʮɷԲ
ӵĸоȥ֪Ѿ˶Էķ
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ǡŮӦǻϲ


1521 ׯϷϣ
ҩؼҽüܵ죬ʵµһЩҲȫˣԪ֪ʦȫԶԶĿţ̫ҿ
ǰһĻ̫㤣ʦóĹҲ̫Ҳ̫֣
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һüɶΣСС֣ҲƴಫǴûʲôΣա
һΣ˶ΪȻꪳɳͷݣǿԾġ
ѵҿһٵ棿
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ǣɢȥԶԶݳǷ򣬴ʱݴţСΪϡ
֪ʦŰ룬ɨһ۷ԪУ̾ѡ
һλԴ̨֮佭ҲͶҡ
˵̫ãȴҲû̫۵㡣
Եǲ֮ҲһЩš
ΪЩЩ²
ܶȹһ٣ӦܵõĺôȻ˵Ҳżô˲İæԵ
ͨ͸֪ʦѹͷ˼תͷԸԪʦ˵úܶԣɮҲŽܹüӮôսġλʦܣȥԶһ㣬ϸעüһ£ʾ
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1522 ׯϷ£
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䡭
졣
ǰһͼɽھ֮ը̣
ʯľ֮ʦһϮðۣľԭأɫʮ־ʡ


1523 Сϣ
ʦ֣ҩһϲл
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޲ܱڴ֮ϣɱħն;Ǿһ̵ǳִɡ
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Ԫһδεĳ֮Уɼʵıݣ᧿Σһǿ
ԪӡǿĲҩһΣĴ̼֮£׳š

ҿʦʵˣٴеģѵëô죿Ҫսˡ
޺Ԫյҩؼҽԣʵ
վüԼʱ䣬ǽʦֲǸûа취ֿġ
Īֻнɢһ·ѴóȥӴ˲ü棿
ѵû𣿴ʦ̫죬ЩƲסӦءʲôĵŰɡ
ҩڵģʱԪʻһۺ߳
ԪС㿴һţȷ̫ܣֱСʦհСɮֻǵģĶѣû˼
ŮȫЩƣаԼࡣ
Լùͷ
ڨЦž˿ֻаĵȴˣûİ취ͷС
ʦּΪ̣Ǻܽˡ
ɲҶСɫ鷳ġ



1524 С£
˵ԪƢܺõģ֪ôˡ
δס֣Ժ̨һճҲûʲô
ǰ龰ЩѿԶ˵üĿԭһ˯һ㡣
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Ԫüͷһü̧һ˵ϴɽ⥵
һҲ㲻ﵽԪڣڴһѺ֡
ҪǣһﲢԼģɵѣġ
˻˼ԽʦŲģֻڶԷʵҳˡ
ɱɱ֮ʱŻˣҳ棬ȴֲԸ뿪᲻ڼŮޡǰЩӴûȣʳ֪ζô뿪أֻͷܻܲһǰ̣ҲΣգ뷴ôڳ
Ԫҩһ磬ƣʱŻɫˣԸȴԼȥ
𰡣ԪϴҿܺðúܡƲסֻҪͬУһܣӦ𣿡
۷屨çͷͻȻЦеĿڵ
ͷӺŨ룬һɿŤᣬʮͣдȾƴç
ֻͷ­ﭵģһ𹿣ƾնһҰԡ
ðɣһ
Ԫһ
һ±Լ̫࣬µĹʽ
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çͷôһ˵ʮӦ
ǰӦѣôӣȥ׼ˡ
ҿУ˼ûˣû߻ħһҲáվŲȥǵȸҹʲôˡ
ˣһαչأܿܵһµģȥһ֡
м⣬ʮ˹ȻҲвơ
֪ʦԹۣü΢΢һһ̫ˣ˺ε˭ȥУΣյġ
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ʱ׼˼ҶãҪռ˵ء
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±ɱԼʧȥݶΪʦĻᣬǷߺ޵úܡΪֻܱû뵽Żˡ
ָ죬־һ⡣
빪ͯӰݷ֮ͳһüǣǶŹ⥽ǣƽ壬ȫΪһ
ǿֹʵ
ƾֹƷɽ
ؼǣֹ˼õѣû֪
ͷܷųɽȻжԶԶҵ㡣վŲӲԼһʹһ
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ǰŽʦӦȫ׼˶Էֵʱ
֪ʦܽһԾϰգҪֹʯ齿һһâԸʮâԣȺ
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ۼõçͷӵĹѾǰϣԷȻ˫Ŀ˫´һ
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˵ķɽֻǷɳһ룬ͣڰա
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ӶԭأɳһȻɢ䣬Եĺ׳ͷӣŵԾһ˲һ˿ݣǷźâȭֱ֮Ӳȫ
Ѫ⼡񱻷紵ĳһ㣬һͿһѺںɫ۳
ǰȻԭأûһ㣬ǰĹֻ紵
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1525 ϣϣ
ɽ紵ǼҽľŵĿյϣмվͻȻ˶
ʹͷ­̧Ƥ˶˫â
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ݡ
˶̲סһֻоһ屩֮⣬ĵ
һѪľһڣ֫΢΢Щľ޲תͷߡ
֪ʦûкˣϷ¶˷ܵɫʣЦϲԲħǰɹ˵𣬵Ҫٵ;·ΪԴ󻰣ռţ֪˱졣
ԪҲæֵأԲϴһ˿ֺЦ⣺ʦΪͻƣ̨üɵҰģ˳Ϊʿ֮
⻰һ˸͡
ִ֮ŶЩ졣
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ǰճվŲƾλԪʿʬ޴׺ʵľ
âѪЦһͷһɣͼڿյİˣʱѾڣϸЦ⣬·ǰϢȫǼ
Ѿס
çͷͰˣ
ҪôģҪ̨ȥָ


ߴߴϡϡȺ˶ݣԼЦ
ʱ򣬱˵ֹˣ˵һ仰ҲûУƽǹϵΡ
ԣǰﲻæǸûˡ
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ѪȻȣһ궯ĳҪźսݡ
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в壬ճԼȴǺ⡣
ָоѾˣٲ˵Լˡ
ճЩǸĿ˿ҩؼҽãЩů
ԼһֱڵţڳˣҲΨȫȫĶԴԼɣվǸ˼
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һſʯͷĴĥùâҫĿ
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ҾͻָһźǰԶüʱĵһɢȫоĹǣյľսҲЩˡ
Զüɣɶϵ棬ʵΣƷΣ˵Ǻܸߵġ
ʱ£Ǻ졣
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ؼҽһЦԼԷü件죬ǣֽƣҲݵһŷߡ



1526 ϣ£
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ɽ䣬һӰͬᰰԽֵأǳԭҰ
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ͲǷˣܴˣ֮һҲΪɣڴ׹ݵ˵ı鰡

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ԶһӰվС֮ϣ˫֣ԶѹѹһȺˡ
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ﵽתɣճѲмȥǣɷ֮壬ҲʮɷħֻҪƿס֮еǿķõġ
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СָͶ䣬ͷͷô˭˭ʹ㣬α˵ЩαԴأ
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ô㻹ͬǵɣüҲδ̫ԵȻֱ˭棿νп֦Ҹ᲻ФӵܣֱŻǣõŰڳһ߸ϵ£
ճɨһ۶üӪЦ˵ɶϰɣʦɻǵãǲѳüɣĴǲǿ˵üɽ̳˶ͽɵأ
ǿͷӣ鼫ΪӡջԪʦһ˱ȽȻһν͵Ϯ㡭ϴɽͬƲɹã°úܣüд˶ҪҪɽȥеһ
ճһּֿϢңӦ
ͬʱһǿѹŶüӿ
һʣճһƬȫձҫƬնҪһ
׹ɫһףҲ룬ͷŽߡ
÷Ҳ˲Գݣһͳ齣ǰ׹ңӦ

ճЦЦЪĵ˵ǾɫαԴ֮ͽ˵˵ȥӲ˵ʲôа۽ʲôеȫǹƨͷ˭ǿ˭ɶϽѹķ˵ʲôǶԵġգڽĳǰʹ
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дģͷۣＫ˻ڣϵ飬Ӧֳ氡
ɽګԴǣǶǰ꣬һһʣϢǿѹƵð׹û˵
ʦһ仰˵ˣʲôĶ٣վÿʵ
ƱѹҲ


1527 ʾϣ
׹ɫڳʱﻢ¡
ڻɽƲ֮ʱճԹһʱǿǿӲƴ֮󱻴ˣȻ𾪲ѣȴЩ
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ճɽ纣һԨƣ׹ݸоܿһ㶼һһҪټ
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˾üһǧɣĬԣʮѿ
û򣬾Ѿ·磬ô죿
ͬɽһ㲩ϢϢӺζ
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Ͷ˭˭ǣܵýǰҩɾȡ
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ĳҲ۸ӮҲ㲻жʣµӱһȽѰ϶ȻȻ
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ӵһʦָǶƴһ֮Ȼ뿪ӽյ˵ˣһƴ
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̸жȡʤİա
һϣȻʾǴ򲻹ҲҪȥһȣûʲô˵ġ
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ǰˣǿǰѶüɵֱӵ
ܵԽңԽǶˡ
ҩһսȻûӦս׹ݵɫѿˣ뿪ָɣһŭĽ𣺡СѾͷݵò㡣
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ơǰЩ컹ԺƣʵΪ¶û
ʵ˶ˣǶüһѵõĺ֮㡣
һˣС



1528 ʾ£
д˴֮ˣһ㶼ŲͬһԣǿǿǾ䡣
ļΪǿ󣬴ӲΪԼʧܡ
ȻҲˡ
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˵껹ݺݵճһۡ
ȻڼǺǴںɽˣоԼ޻֮ˣƫƫͺβöԷһء
ճЦЦҲСѾͷƬҲȷ᲻˼
üͽ̵ʽ֡
һʼӢƣ̵Ǻԣֻһļÿ˵ԣɷӡ
ˣԸҸɺɢ֮ʱЩŮӶǿһһ澣ֱĿڷۡ
ҲֻеȵͽˣЩӵԸŻһЩȥҰԡ
ƾеʹ
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Щ飬֪ΪҲΪ֮
ҧҧѷ˼ԺĿѾؼҽá
Ļغ֣Ҳ֪ǵĽˣӦòҵĶְɡ
תͷûгüںұ̬ȫ͡
ҩָΪɽûѾͷͱòУʱöüڵӹ룬ﻹ̵ס༥ʦ˵ùȻûüɴϵ¶ǿԴ֮һлԪһ
ζսһս֮ҩСĽѾ˴Ҳѭ򽥽һ־ֺС
ǰָ𣬾;磬նȥ
һγǰתתΪԪһĲ裬ĵԪ޼
֮ʹҫϸܵĽâڻɵ֮УۻɾϸΪһ塣
ճ˵ͷ֪СѾͷĽֽˣΪԳǿĵӣҲԼϸϸࡣ
Ӳһɫ΢䡣
üŮ֮УĽǸǿʱﻹҩеİأ
ǵȻ̫ۣصȴǼǿ
ʦԸǿܣӲӲǿǿʹһԪʼԪԪȴǴΪǡ
֮ü˶УȫЩ죬ﲻΪȻ
ΪʱȻȴǹϵ
ʱŸոտ򣬳Լ־ĺ
ʦ㣬Щʧ
ʵϣҲûͲš
΢Ʋͬȸһ㣬һ̳óһȦȦĻԻͽ⡭
ʮͬһǰתնţӣ
һԪʼ¡
ԪԪϳ˵ĽҪ
һŵǰ֣Դ˽Ҳͷ֡
ֻбâԹ
ҾͲŶų̈Ҫѧʱ㳤ҲԽ㣿
ơ
ҩһָһ죬ɵĽȻ¶ͻȻ١
ռ䱻¶϶׺Уǰȫһա
籼ס
䡭
绨һԪԪɻɫһ壬ɢһƬƬ״
׽һɶ
ݴͣӢһ½ס۵һ³Ѫ
ۼǵɫͻȻɢɫ⻪˷һʶ䣬ͷһƬհס
ˣӡ
ͣ֡
顭
ɣ
һĺ
ƲһǰƮƷ˿
ȻͷһͼһʷɽͣԼ羮䣬һʱҡ
ҪˣҲһҩЦһսʡתͷճʵʦ֣ҵĽǲˣ
ţнܽѧЩˣʵһ㣬ϴԼ϶ͷճЦŵ
԰ףôԣͷһν»˻Σױ㵹
Ǳ̼ˣŭġ
ʦá
ӰһϵǰɫЩѿ
һѾסƣתͷճ̨Ȼͬһ㣬𲻲ţҪһˡ
У֪ƾҲҴʦֱȽɣȹһء
ҩǲм
ʤһҲû̫Ƹʢ
ɣʦãһͰѻȫˡʦһʦֵĽĴˡ
غһЦŲ
ҩôǰǰ磬һȣЩ˷ܡ
ôһֱУļֳ棿
˵֮ʱ۰Ͱ͵Ŀճȫǿ
ϾϣӮҪġ
ճЦ˵
Ƚڱ˿¹˥ճǴһγΣҿľͺá
ҲġغԴϲüɫǰȥ˼ҩ³ͷȫˣҲֵˡ


1529 Ȼ֣ϣ
üڵְ˽ŵİƷ˻ȥﵹûţֻЩ£ʱԾ۾ֱ
һСԼѾͷһܣƽӺܸߵ˵ֳȷܲóܡ
һֱʦͬŴΪǶüԺĺ֮㡣
ǰգСһ˴£Щɢǰ£˼أߵʱ
ɽ۵ȵף̫һʱѻ
ӮˣͲҪºڣһ³ΪЦˡ
ͽȵһ˽ȫ̫ÿ
ļȻû˵ҲʮֹŹ֣ҲǺʧɡ
ܵǣЩظȭǰǣοˡ
˵ʲôһʱʤ㲻ʲô֪ܶ£ֻҪڼŬһ׷϶ֵġ
һɽһɽߣ¼ȵԼ֣Űܲ١
ҿҩҲôȥһӮǽԴһѡ
Ŷ˵˵ͣͷһƬհס
Ѿȥκλǽ޵磬ʤҫ߽һС
ǰһ̣˼Ľ֮ӣһ̣˶ָᡣ
ѿǣľûӮˡ
һս
ʦԳ֣һ̨ܸһÿ
ǰһӮˣغĵϸ֪ġ
ؼҽһֱ֮УҺʦ㶼дϾϾǼ˵ͳУҲӮҵġЦ˵
зȨ
ȫλϼʦ̫ĵӡ
ܿصƣɴʱ̫ܵңò˻ûʲô汾¡
ĵõɽ÷أ󷽴ݾʱ
˵֮ʱҲû˷
ţŶȼߡ
Сʵʦò࣬ôʦֵĶ֣ʦʮǰѾãӵԪż˵ֻһţ׷λǰ
ǰʦ㣬֮У˿ʦᲢۡǻСˣ˵Ѿ򵽽ֹİԽսġ
ãοǽô죿
ճͱ̬ˣʱ򣬶üӣһЩǰҲȵҪһʤ
ǿ˴αȽѾνаսǶüɻ᲻ᱻ̨ɴѹȥˡ
ϵԼѡûд
󲿷˶ڲ²Žȴûжٵǣ˭ʤ˭ܣվΣգҲһѡվӶѡ
Ҳճϣġ
һϳͰڳͬ˻дģʽаƴѰϣľǿһĻ
ѹüƣ£֮ġ
ã˵̨²ɹ֮ͽݬ룬ѾµúŻӽԺɣһҲ޷ҡ
˵üʵ̫ǿµӸпܣôҾ͸㣬̨ɵʵǿµĵӱȶüɸɫ
潻棬ȵʵǽ̵ӵˮƽ
һı޿ƣΪӾʹɵ죬ҲǱС
ʤ£λʿ֮ģ£¸ɡ
ʿֻҪһĸŶüߣҪúһˣǫ̂
ȥûҪһĺá
֪Уƾ˱仯һ㣬Ƹоˡ
ʱ˶ʦʤǰܵ⣬Щ
ʲôʱüе֮ҳսҲôһܲʤˣ
αһֲΡ
ƫƫ̫˵ΪԼҲҿ϶Ӯ䡣
Ƶ̾һʮаţΪٶȼ죬ƣһǾ۶ɣʿգĿ࿴Ҳ̫Сغˣ˭֪ѧһЩʲô
ƻһڣЩڣⲻǴѹԼʵ̫ɥˡ
ѻԲԾһȫĬ
Ȼ˶Ļȫš
ðɣһ뷨ư̾һֻоĳӰͬħһ㣬ѹͷ˴
ü˼Ѿ
ҲΪɶͽʮ֮ãܴüĴսȻı¡
һԵҲûֺ̸ãֻ˵һ䣺ʦСˣҪȫ֡
֣ܳҪͲˡ
غȫ˷ܣ˪ܻââһëѩһȦȦķӣȥɻ棬ͬѩһƮݾס
ҩıɽȫ֮ͬʱ̹ǣֻţһӿͷ
⾳ѩƼСꡭ˵Ľ𣿡
ƻȻתͷģǰǲǿˣԪΪֹӰһ־Ӫմѩ⾳вУ
ǣǰûġҲǿɵۣغһ֣оͻء
ȫ֪˵ʲôˡ
ôһˣûд⣬ȻһҲ
ü˵



1530 Ȼ֣£
͵˶ΪһʱճȴǱ־̫עϵıƴ
ԪӾ˫ӪӦһ˿޵Ľڳڣ߹һ㣬·֡
ǼͯӵĽ⡭
ڣò¶֪ϲһֱԹۣĺá
ⷽâʢ֮ʱٳһѹƣ˲ȳ˷ʾҪԡ
ϧԶ֪ʲôڵ㡣ճ΢˫Ŀ£ƽűϢ˰Ѫڻʡ
ÿһϸÿһѪⶼڻţš
ĿǰĶʵϣʤҲðҲգ޹ش֡
ֻҪܴѹԷ߶˵սһж⡣

һһ⣬ʽһ𣬼ϸĹϨ
ҵĽȷǲܾһƬ̺ӯӯƽй޹
ȻȡһʧܵĽѵ¶óԪҪһʾ֮ء
ֲ࣬Ʈ
һܵ𲨹⣬âɫâӳˮ֮ϣѤȴɱء
ӵմҽ̲
ڶ⣬ʱýһֺƴ֮⣬̬иɻݡ
ǫǫһˣ˵
ü޿Ŵ˽˷һЩ̲סȲʡ
ȷҵľֵô࿴ҲֵΡ
Ϊǽ⣬ʽ֮ȫ벻κοʧܵɡ
Ȳէڱ̲佥ľֳ
ΪͻȻ֣ʦ˾ϸΨĽȻδռ˿Ϸ硣
غǰѩԾƮƮÿһƬѩ֮жһ͸ķâ̲ǵâײö
̲ԽԽʢѩǵء
ײţֻռ֣Ի켣
ʦֵΪǿǲ֪ΪΣȴָо
ǳӿĽâѾĵơ
ֻ˰ʱ䣬溮ǴʢغĽͬ˪ƺѶֵĽҲ
Ľ޾峿֮䷴ѤĿĹâɰǧͬʱ轣ۡ
ÿһʮ㣬ɭɭ
ҵı̲âһһνɱĵıѹ
ͬΪֹ⽣ôܻСꣿ
ãСǰƣÿһһ̾ͻͬˣΣˡ
ĽôģȻȱӳ֮Ƶʱܹ𣿡
üȫ
ƾеʽƴƽţþ
ֻǴһϸ΢ĲȻɽһӦ
ҵĽͻȻɢңǣԺһӭľɽĽƿ񳱡
ѩһãͻûǧϸܽ⣬תиŴ˷ն˹

һЦ𣺡üɵĴʦҲͬΪֹ⽣㻹Щˡ
Сغˣʢ˫üбɣС˵ġ
һֱУû˸ˣżжüɵǰ̸֮Ҳôˡ̸ʦֺƴʦ֮ʱ
ʱþֻˮķݣǸĽʺް
ǣ˵˲ͬ·Ҳͬ
˿Ծܱ˵ĳݾ
ǽȴʲôҲûСֻǱţҪڹȴĳ˵ĵνԵȻܰü¡
ȻҲֻܴΧ
ԽʵǿɣԽ⡣
οΪ࣬Ҳֻܽʵľ鵽֮⡣
ʱ˿̣ԼҲû뵽ԼĽȻܹѹסüеż
˵Ѿʤ˶üӣ
ֿױȵġ
ҲûôôСһ۾͵͵ԲԶǸӰĵķһ˿
Ƕ̫ҽʵ̫ˡ
˷֮ܿУĽͬйû˸أ̫ҷֹ⽣ԽԽǿҵı̲֮Хš
Ǳɫ˪նõɳȥ糱ǰͻն
˹ŵǺѪɫ˷նĿͽ޽ԪɢмҲû˰취
ֻŶߴ˷ľһƬȻ
С¶֣
׹Ƽԣŭüһζ˶צ۹ȥˡ
ɴʦֱ˼һСôܿ䣬Σգ⻹˵ã
ǶüҲ̧ͷʲôͬ˶ܹ⡣
һסµӵɣʲô
һʱ֮䣬Ҳ˲̫࣬һâ͵ҵߡ
һӳצɽ֣غལ֮ǰ
ָ£˪ֹ⽣ɼǿԪѹţ֨֨һײǷغ൹ɶȥ
ײ֮£Сɫһףξһͷһѣ
ȴǰ׹պûأӮ˻֣ʱӲһѵ
˪ײͷΪͣغȴǽӲסҪˣ循һҪ裬ϧѾ
׹ݳּ죬Ǻŭ֣ǵУ
ɶ֮һ¶ʿȻճһֱؼҽúҩȫһΡ
غĽһ޻֮
̫죬ü˴УûӦ
ողżգ֮δڣͼ˪ײС귴Ҫˡ
Ӧóһȴ֪ΪΣﶼһɺ
Сġ
ˣ
ʯʦƽ֣ǽüɵһԱʲôʱһЩ
Լһռѣܵõ֮׻ӣԺܻߵ˳һЩ
ʦ˲һǣ棬ʱ׼֣±˳ЦΪ֡
ʱΪýҲ÷һͰеʯ򽫳ȥһ־ͻΪɽ͡
ֱֱ˸ŵİӰ
ԣԶ־İӰͶˡ
ڰ׹Ƶغལͬʱһ͵Сǰ
һӣֹס˪ƣһץУӸδС꣬ȴһ˿⡣
Ӱһּټ֮ʱ͵˰׹ǰ
䡭
һȭ
ط
ܿռ羵Ӱϸܾâŭ
ȭ滹δ׹ѾʼŤ
һͱϢѹͷ
󱲱ȽҲҲ֣𣿡
У׹ֻоǰһڣٿΧֻһֻȭͷԽԽ󣬳ءԼһֻϣȭͷôѲ
һܽ٣졭
ǿȭ£þȫҪȭˣȴǸоģ֮һЩ


1531 Ʒϣ
ӡ
׹ԺոճͷԾ÷һ
˫صɽó
һɡ

һɽͣڰ׹ݵǰ߽⣬֮УһֵõѪ
ʯʦʯֻǱȭžͱˣȭͷ
ոͷ
۽һɨ׹ݾͼԼϻ÷ؿھͰȥѪ˳
һʹ֪÷ովԼ֮ʱҲȭ粨ʱˡ
ңǰһֱֱԼ總֮ôҲѲˡ
ݣ
׺ɱ粨һ֮ϣ׹ݸоԼѪ䣬ҳһţҲ˲棬÷һˣξû
ۡ
ٳ֮ʱʮɿ⡣
֣˾ͼѪ«Ρ
һ뷢԰ףŶѾ˰أ˴һЩ⹴׹ɭɭ
ǻѪȥΪ
ǰ׹ݡ
һǰȥһ󶴣ֽڲݵ֮һϢ
ʦڵæȥεľΣιҩιҩһʱæòɿ
ճվԶҲȥ׷ֻЦ
ˣóжϧòңЩӲˡ
ɶϣһĽ̵˵˵ʮ̶ִҲʮֿЦڳˣûһЦóëȻ
һȭˡ
ʯʦʯȭ飬Ѫ׹֫ϡ
һ÷ܵƱûȬʱȭӡ˵öá
ӣ㹻ĵرҪָҲҪʱ⡣
⻹ǶԷûȫ׷ɱԵʡ
˵ˣǸʵˡ
ɫҰ׵˳վճǰ㵽ҪʲôΪ´˺֣
ԶԶȲüɰɣճĬһ¡ȻһЩʣ˼ȴ͸ſ֮⡣
ȻǶд裬Զڴˡ
ãճҲ뷨
Ͷ˶Ƶ뷨
ûҪϾɱô˵ȻüЩᣬȴչ鲻Ƕˡ
ңܾ磬üһʲôأҪǴŵز϶벻顣
ҳֺЩ̫أ˵˺󱲵ӱȽ׹һˣȻ;֣ࡣ̫ˣѵһΪ䡣
ҲΪСҪɱʦ֣ʦһʱļų֡
ҹļļҵ۸ҵ˾ĲǡȻҳ֣Ҫеû˵ˣڳţд֮ʱôܻ𣿺ռϷ磬Ҳ֣֡Ҳֹ
ճն˵ʱռϷ硣
ô˵ȭͷ󣬾
ﵹǽʵ˭£ǰһﲻһеķɱ䡣
ôҲǺϤˣԷԸҲ˾Ųʮ
ף׼ŭԷüɺܿܳܲס
һ㣬뿴
ͨ飬߲֪Ϊüմʦ㻹׵ġ
Ϊɾˣûһܶȹ٣Ժããʱ֮Уֻжüɵϵͬ˱Ͽɵſ
еȻ̵ԭ
һеһУֻΪϽ˽Ӧ
ⷽڶüͳһ·Ҫҵĳ·Ͳܡ
˵ֱ׵㣬˷ĳĺ԰˲ŵĻء
ؼǣȻܷ½硣
˵½Ĵܻᱻѹʵĳ磬ҲǱֵ֮ܵȻɱԵҲС°ˡ
½ĴҲܴ浽һüҲȫˡ
뷨ճ֪Ԫ񣬴ӶüЩ˵֮ͿһЩס
ָ֣ҲòΪüɻȡı
˵ûĻ˭ţ
϶һ滤üһ֮һּװ֮£չԼҪԣʮ֣Ǳݸ˭һ
ң򲻵ѣûͷϣǺ޲ÿŶüɶ
ζ֮£⺢ͯĸˣһֱͶݣֻҪʱ̳档
ʱ
˲ò̵ӵˮƽͽﱻ°ȥŶ೤һʱ䣬ȻʵϧΣչѲ°һһһһ˵У񼫣ƣ˵ò
䣬Ծͳһɫ۵СͯСͯȥݰףϸ壬ֻȥܿ²ɣŨûĮ

ͷһ㶣ո̫ŭԼ󷽻һǰ
תһ룬˼˴ʱųʲô˼ˣǿѹסͷĺ˼룬μǰµӲҶ죬û˿ǰ⡣
ǰһ䡣
ʵǣüЩѾյˣûԹ
Ƕôˣ㻹˹һ㶼ż㲻üˣ
ԵĻҪʧܣʹ˻ɽ⵵ˡ
ü磬ѾûӰӡ
ڴ˶һ̣ͶඪһЩӡ
Ϊüʦ㣬Ϊ˲ìٴμͷ϶뼤ŭʦ֡
ʵ뷨ʵѾ̫żܰس档
һڤڤ֮еĸо



1532 Ʒ£
˻ǧ꣬ʲôѼߣʱһƵ˵ʣ֪ĻɽٴɱɱϢ֮ġ
У
һ䣬ЦݣתͷһԳ塢࣬ʦ浱棬ô֪Ǳʧڣǣһȥʹ˳Ļڹֲһ
˴һƲ㷭ʱ⣬ѹֵŭ
ٵȷʮȹ֮˷֮УĸطܰƬΪ
ļģؾƿء
Թʿȫ৵Ŀ˹
ͬǣʿ뷨졣
һУĵǰھֽˣϳֱָ̨
Ҫ֪۵˵ͻϮ˶ڱа֮УֻǷųɽɨȫ
ȴǲһһԼѶԷΪаħ
ǿŮˣԼͽ޴󲻴
ӹ˽ûзŹĵ
ȴǺܲÿԪ˵ĵûˡ
ǸоȫԪѱѹƣԪѾת顣
֪ʦп࣬˱¸ˣ뼫ͯӱԼȴͯӣ޻֮
һؾһ죬ǰͯϼһЩν֣˲֪ôԶ
һɻįͳϡ
ؼҽԣɫһ¾ͱɷףҲĲ
ʮǰĳһ죬ǵСͯҲ˰ȻվУԼĸ׷׹ңûãȻ⡣
Ժһɴ˺ۡ
ʱҹλأ龰ͻᷴĳ֣ǲɳܵʹ
һᣬƽϢһȻҧҧסõ̧֣ͷ˵ǰҽԸ潭ɣްܵȣǰġҲˣҲȻ̸ʲô۵ġڻڹȴǲˡ
ݡ
ܿŮôˣҵڶײˣ
Ϊ࣬˻˵͵Լ̣οأ
ֿɫĮİˣﲻɵöһ˿Ľܱ˶ԴؾȪҲİɡ
˶ϣҪȫûȪȴҲ롣
غ⻰µྣʱҲȻЦԣҽö˼ȻүǾĸԸģ˵ʲôڹڹҰˣȰĸ׾˻ү¼̵ɳ
ԽԽͳȴž֮⣬ȻԼĽ֡
ã塢࣬ǲңҲиǣȴ¹ҵȥӻĸˡڼ϶ǲõˡǿ㸸ĸ⣬һתһ죬ҾΪָ
󣬾ҳ⡭ƿأ
һ÷ڣǰһһأ¡¡ѹ
ҡžĩս١
ˣˡ
ʿȫɫ䡣
ҵĽֱ˳оգ·ͣ
ͷȥͼһ⽣˴˷мǰӰȴ߷Χ֮⣬ôҲ岻ȥ
Ӱ֮粢Ƭռ䣬Ǵ֮еĹµۺӿ޷κΡ
ҹ龰ʱľ󲻵
ҹͯδֻһգͱƵýʦ˱ᣬȻӲӲһȴԿףʦֿ϶ʹ˳̵òײӵһ·
ȴȫͬ
ֻǾվԭһ߷һ㣬裬ԿȻ
ңⲢͨĿ籩꣬۷ǰ˵Ľˡ
ճһһʹؼҽúҩͳ֮⡣
ӹһ֮׼˵ΧжˣǷԲ
ֶ
˵֮ʱĪͷճ֣һռ䣬ΪܼΪ
Īͷǵֻ׷Բ˼ֱө֮¡
ʵ༫ֶȴͬ
ͬףһڣһ۷Բ׶ѡ
ǷĴ֮УԪȽŵ׸֣ųһƷ
Ҳ˵ƿصǿƳġ
ԪճΪԼҲԡ
Ȼǰþˣȴһ
ûбԴӳ֣Ҳûдﵽﾳ磬׻һֺ취Ҳֻǣһ˿
ճΪ塣
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бǿᵽ˵زҲû뵽Ϊ̫ǿˣԻǰʦվһԣɫӵ˵



1534 췣£
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ʱƾƿصԪĴֹ⻯Ӱһֵܶǿһ棬Ҳʱ䡭ȫ֮ʱ췣һ̡磬дƽĴڡʦ͸ϧ
Ȼжԣ˾ž޵Ķ֣᲻
ʦҲһԵͷԪ飬ǣǲ֮Ծ۷ʤۼǳǧ򻯣ȴԪʿռˡԣҪսپͲ̫ܣҲ֪ûвΣ
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ȷɹ֮Ԫӡ֮䣬Һѻ𣬵õ
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һ㣬ԭصȥٿʱѵʮ֮⡣
׷ļԪ飬ʱŻعֻһɨͷȻû룬ԭأͷ˻𣺡
еľ޴۾գգ
һϺ׹ͻȻ֣Ϣ˲һ㣬ʹͷ
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вףɱյļֺγյԼ
ٿԶֶİӰһɾ
еľ޴һʧɫҲ鵭
˶û˵ʷ׳۵澰һʱϢ֮ġ


1535 ѹߣϣ
ָɽ֮ϣŻɽ嶥װĻѩϢľͱһ㡣
ȻԾʮֺ䣬ȴ˴һɺů֮⡣
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üͷɫϲͷһᣬ૵ǽξĪѾ˿ơ

壬һͷ緢ڵ꣬ںɪ֮дųţŲ߹泡߹Ͱƽ߹Ⱥ
һЩ׷ĺͯʯͷ֦Ҳգֻǵüۡ
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1536 ѹߣ£
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ɽΡ룬һΰ֡Բ졢β׶Ӵ𵶵ħ֮ϣԱ߻һ欸ˣһͷСС
ֺһļЦǽξȻɱͽܣһﵽô˵ӣһЩȥɽأɱ䡭ҪƲʹ˷ֱղһͽܣ󻵡
ðɣǽʮ׶çͷĽ鲻˵ˣСӾȻ۴ѷѽ⣬˵ɱ£Ȼ㰡ڶ˻ɽպʱǺã
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һǸԵԪɱƣκ͸оļ£˫΢Щ򼱡
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һ˵һ߿ˮȻﴹ֮Ѳֹһա
һԵкԴӶֻɭ˵ȶԸüɻǶԸ̨ɣʵȫһҰ˴֮󣬿ɱ˰ҶԸӺһˣüһȺŪҸڲ̫ͽܶղ̸ʲô˶ħ̡
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˵˰ɣ˵Ǹ˻˵ϣֻһޣʱʱնħԵĮߡ
ʱ˵أûɱƾʦ°˶ԷͽüƲĵˡ
ǴϣǴǰϣ˶ճʯ

ԣ޵û̫ƶֻ֣֮֮
ǵȵ֮ճſɰڳʤߵ̬˶üһ
Ȼϵ̨ףƳСĿ˵ͣ˻Ʒֱ𣬲ʶԹ
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Цּ䣬ճɫһȻ̧ͷԶ
оѪУ̨Ӱӣʲôʿ֪


1537 ƴϣ
ħɽƲ
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иʦݳأס˸ɹ⻪Ľ飬һƣǶ߻Ǵ󵨣Ȼѡʱɽ뼨Ϫȵأѵ֪üҲսڴˣ
Ĳ֪֪ʦҲӵĽ飬ЦǺ˵ߣͬȥæһεħ㳲ƲѼķ
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һɽħƴɱսΣģ𲻵̫ò˵ûɵһЩ֣Լ
˵ˣЩɢ̨ŹɾͲˡ
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ټЩ˵ƶ·ʽѶͣʲô飬ԼǲҲҪеΣ
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һƬȭȭҪͶԼȫǳ羴֮ɫȴǲðȻ⡣
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ٲǰǰ㣬ԼλԳŪԼŴʦæһģ̫û˼ˡ
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1538 ƴ£
Ԫ̤ǰһЦŵɽ޹ƣȷҪݺݴȥȸлλͬڼ̨һ£񲻱Ŵʦ˲Źɣݺ˵ɡλͬܵŹͬ׳̨ɴҲһ¡
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ٻŮæܣһŹ棡ӽҰٻŮͲЩˣ˭ëëţý

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һЦˣؼҽѾɫڵҪˡ
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УһòֻҪϣԺ£˭Ҳӣ
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а񣬼һһ°һѾΪܵʿ󲿷˼ǰǿҧҧһĵġ
ճҲǵͷûгһ
ЩǼ⣬˷Ԫг˵ǰߣҲû̫˼ɡ
ŹڵȻûеģºر
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1540 ˼ƣ£
۴֮һƬžԺ󣬾
ǲŪʲôƾʲôҪ̨
ýɽƴܾˣǴĵ鰡

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1541 㾡ϣ
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ʱ˿̣ô˵ǴֻϣԼܹ뿪ɡ
˭Լͬ˼Ƶأ뷴ԣҲûκˡ
㵱֮ŮüɴʦͷǼٵİ

۴飬Ƶ׻֪ˡ
ġλʦɫ֮£ԽԽܣûбʾʲôȵʦߺȴſױ̨ϣݺݵĿһء
ҪΪʲô֮лŮרõױȥС
Ҳ֪
޹֮ƽ飬ֻһôҲ߳ţҪɢɢġ
üȻӻɽֻǽǲҪٴжҪһЩնħ顣
гΣûɽôǱչػڳˣһҲɵǡ
˵ʵڵģŹȻɭϣԴȴʮֿɡ
Ƕüִµ֮ţŴɣˡ
ǽ̵ӵձ鷽ʽǳֵԣĥ飬ѹ顣ǰٻţص㡣
ܹ߳Լĵ·ǲĺõӡ
һ˵һȷʵţͷԳɫڽ̵ӳɲŷҲǺһ֡
Ȼ˵ֹ³ɳĵ̫ǿùھң˭Ҳ˭һԵ̫ſˣ¸ɸ˲̫ϲ
ⲻʲô¡
üɵĴ֣֮Ҫȡɨµİ
ΨΨŵŵֻʦµĿܵӣǲԵεġ



1542 㾡£
ƵԸȻܺǿʱڵ׸ߣСƵġ
ѧʺܸߣҪ˼꣬ͰѸ׵һȫѧС
Ȼɽ֮Уû̫¶µĻᣬǿ鵹Ҳò٣ݳһ歡ķ˺ţȻûø֪
ܴΪɽưܡĿĻ֮µ֮һͺĽǷǣֻԸƽ˼Ƕġ
һ죬ɽϼʦ̫ɺͼ
СƼգӴ˿һء
ĥҹ֪˶ٴαӣܴķ뿪ɽԶɽȥѧϰɱ졣
ҲǴһʹ˱ýȻͬ
ʦͬۡ
˷ȥħؼ䡣
˵ĳд⣬׳־顣
ҾŮӢۣ컻أڽ졣
ðɣƵ߽ʵˣΪԼŮкܵһˣһ֣Ӣ˭֣
ˡ
һƹҩͷһܣίʧܣ뷨һӾãˡ
ִˣ޷ʹ˼ʹ̿Լøǿ
ʲô
˼ƣ
ҾͺǺˡ
ǼһǿɶںݸԼֺɫ
ǣɷǵһﶼӲˣôǰֵһŴħͷ
ң˵ˣڻɽ֮ϣԼʦϼʦ̫ǼһƵû̻Ȼıʷ壬ӵ˾Żɽݾӡ
λʦҲûٻȥǴСɽ֡
ħͷһ󷢣ʲôõʱڶ
ܵǣǽβԼɶ½̵ҩؼҽҲһһɺޡ
ȥԸħǰڣ
ڶǲӽ˺ˮ
һŵĹ˾ž͵Сӱߡ
һŴĵ³̶֦ҡڣۡ
ˮĵƣһ˻ԴƺҪһЩȫε
һʪĿԻָһЩ
˵ȻûеΥģȻ⣬ȴҲҪִС
ִֻȴҲġ
伮ϲ˵Ʋʱػۣǿȥ̨ӦҲ˰ɡ
ӢºŭܹԼ⣬Ǿ൱Īˡ
ȷǰλʦַȾԲҲһЩøУ˵ǰԵþ֮Լֻͬʦֶѡ
·ѵûᣬԴйͼܽʱݵ¶Ů鳤
ȥţֱԷϲֻҲ˵ó
뵽ӢһЩꡣ
СС̾һͻȻԼʱ͸һһˣ̾ȫʮꡣ
һ羰طȻû޶ڣʦҲó¾ܶ顣
ǵȵ̨ɸħˣȥæҲͳһջ
ɺ䣬ͼӱߴӳ䣬һϵڵϣ׺һھơ
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ΪӰһֱûжǰû֣ʱùϸȥͼ뷢ҵ۽ž
ᣬ֪Ҫ˭ˣ
Ĵ˭Ҳ֪жʹ
ոմ޹һƺָܡ
Ȼ֪ζޣȻһԣĬĬᣬĵúˡ
룬ȥŵǰȥСʵʦû°ɣ
ʦֶһתͳˣ²ˣ뵱һμʱСѾ裬׼ҹƼҡʳΪĳ͵⣬ҪԸƼ󹷡
˻͸Ųɣ֮⣬һľԼˡ
ͷ׷龰ʵ겻ѡ
Ѿˣһʮֻ꣬壬ʦжܾܿͱƼһԺ׽סʱû뵽һŽ֡
뵽ҲЩȻ
ţη˵Լˡ
Ȼˡϼʦ̫ҲǺʦܹԼΪͽ˴дߵġ
ǰЩɽ˵ԼҸױ׹ΪͽܣʵҲǰ۵ġ
ʦͲҪȾˡǰĵݣ׺һھƣ̬ﵣģæȰ
һڣĽ⣬ⲻǽ˴
ҹ̽£òױ˽⻤˻ȴվǱһն⣬ˡ
ɼʿȻŸ鵤ҩ㲻̫飬ֻҪǵҪǿκá
ʧأֲڣǻӾΪ󽵵ġ
ΪԼһ仰࣬Ⱦһʱ޴룬Ȱֲ̫ҡ
ĺĪɳɤӵͳ˵϶ˮΣҲ֪ỹǾƣǽεһμ֮ʱҸܴСӢţһЩĳ·ҸŮΪ׷
ƴӣڴͨΧ֮ɱ˳ϵ˵ӣüұҲĶġ
򡭡ƻǵһЩ£о졣
ü߲ȫˣ¹ƽ£ôĴ˵졣
ԣЩӴǲ֪ġ
ʦôδɹǽΪͽ𣿡
ǣϵϴǾܾˣ
򣡡



1543 ûô򵥣ϣ
Ҳһڣֱָָϵһٲ泩
ɶǼһĳžһɳļ㾹Ȼܾ
ϴǣ
һĵѹλħͷֶԸԭԴ
νϴǾܾȻ˵˵ѣֻ˵ݡ
Īֱ˵ǼһԪ̰ɫ֮ĻԴ˾ܾԷʦȻǼһתͷͰ̨£üΪУ
ȷʦֵ̰ɫˣҲԩһ֪ƲСʦҩ֮Щ岻ֻСΪ檣һ
ң֪Ĺ֮ˣδʦ֮ǰԪʮɡ
ţЩһӶûʮŮˡ
֪֪˲˵ֱף˭һЩð
ͷһ룬һɥԼҲºˡ
Ҵʦʱ£ܿ˵һЩüȻδˣȴ֮ѸͣͲղõӣʡƷ¼ѵģôһЩʣЩƷ̫õͨʦʵҲʹǼһ̫ˡ
˼䣬ﲻûˡ
ƸˣҪطʦѾ׼ˡ
ո߽ԺӣתһӰӢ
ʦãһҪȥ𣿡
˵ţҲԲȥġǿԵҲȥ̨ɳ
ҪȥΪɲϡӢּˣһЩ
˵ˣ߶߶
ңΪƹȥҪǳ֣ǿɳܵȥύͲǵһս
ô˵ֻơ
Էոհܸҩʱ˵ΪУųЦ
ǣһ绨Ĺɫ֮ͽύⲻ뻢
һ̣ӢоԼͷ϶һĨɫסһܡ
Ѳɸģô
Ӣһǿѹͷ꣬ת᣺ʦãȽ֮ʱҲˣǽεȷǺǿᣬҲֻһּĹ֮ʱŻøǿ˹֮ʱǲû̫𡣡
˵ʲôȥ𣿡ƶ÷ֱˡ
Ӣ֮⣬ˣȻûзͼı
˵ƣȰ˵Լˡ
޷ǾԼεĽģадɱ
Ҳδ̫˰ɡ
οְԼʲôˣ
ҪεĽģǲҪͶͱ
ƵĮˣ̫˵ˡ
ĮȻתͷͼվڲԶȴ
ʦ㣬Ҫ𣿡
ǰʦÿǻ׼ʲôҿٵһᡣ
ˣҴŽأҡҡͷһڿն𣬻ͷе߰ɣ
ã
ɨһӢû˵ָ΢λΪ⣬Хֱʡ
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˷һƿ񾲵ƣ̲סʵ
ʲôģʦҲǱ޳ͷԣȥ̫ࡣ㣬ʵԸú˵ģοԣһЦ
Ӣƣǰȷʮְ䣬ЩʦʦöǱȽϿõġ
Ͳ˵ˡ
ӢҹΣ˵ʲôܲף
ΪӢͬȥˣ롣
֮ɳԼ̨ԸħһԭʵǱһ⣬ûĳЩô
Щʦ̫ˣҲΣ͵Ϯ𣿡
ܣҲûҪ͵ϮüһϴҪԸĳˣ͵ĶʹһЩıʲôֱӳԼʧܣ
ǰһ˵úƣһ̣Щɥˣε˽̫ΪҲ˵ǿ񣬸ߣҿʦҲʧȥΪеģֺοǡ
ǰϣԶ֪ǰʱ䣬Ϊʵǳʱиȹνġо֮ʵ࣬ȴǸָţȫȡʤϣ
Ҳ̾һ
ŶǲûС£ƺ
˭ҽˣһ죬ȡ
С£ºòá
֮ǰأʲô£
ѹǰһ£Լȥæͬ̾ˣ³򰡡
ʦã˵㱻Ǽһˡ
ͣæеǱ˺˵ġ
˵ɫҲЩȻˣᵽ⣬תתɫã˵ǽμȻˣĻҪ˰æȻΪħʦҲȥ˵ĶְǹȥΪ˿ҫ𣿡
˶һ죬ûռϷ磬ϵȴǸо׽һЩһͬζڡ



1544 鲢ûô򵥣£
ƽһƾͿһЩʳԼôҲ⣬Ѳɻȥ࣬ʾһ¶üɵ׺ͣ
ʦ֪ҲǣЩϢ㲻֪ģȴһֱעţءǶΪȷ·ӦҲǵֵвΡħȴЩͬ
߲Ϲӣ˼ʵ̨Ӳƴǻ㵽ɽȥ̨ɽ
ôţɽ򲻹ɽϾаʤ֡Ŷ˵󷨡
ԣݹɷħܲ򵥣ȻԶԶȲ۶üɽ΢ȴҲſȡ֮أݡ硢顢𡢲߸Żһ׻棬ˮ졭ѶԸġ
˵أȻǰħͷꡣ
бҪһλ鹢ֱʦãƾһ£Сˡ
ǰȥֵʱǧǰ棬ݰʦжϣһǷչݣ̨ɿ϶顣ʧжز֪ռ˵ġ
ôƱʾš
սʦ뼫ƴɱ֮ʱÿռۣ׹纣·һ㡣ôļһһ󷨾ס
߱»Ҫϲٰɣֻ۲࣬ԼǱ¼ˣԽκͼָ֣ͻһЩ
ûڼ˽£ͬһ㱻նɱȫû̫໹֮
Ҿ֪СĽ͵󷨻ָûȫġзҪǿ屶οỹ͸¶һϢݹУŶħкһ࣬͵Űͷء
ˣɲỳɴԣ˵ᵱȻԼʦᡣΪԨܺ˵
ƺﲻĲݣ׳һϢ˶ߺͶħʦкλħɷħ󣬾ǿʩչСʮħ󷨡һ﷽Բȫ֣ػһΪױըж˹ɽûôġ
ĻǽǺΣգǵΪܰæһզ࣬ȻǱȼǰҪԶԸˣѹʦԼҪɵɵֱǰ塣
ҲûôΣգ㻹Сˣ˵֮Ϊǿᣬɱϱǿû˵֮ǿɼһߡĻ⣬ԭϾħ󷨣ҲҪ
ֻ֮ǹʧ˼ɵҲпܳ꣬Ҳǰֱ뿪ɽԭ򡣡
ȻҲٵĸ֣ǳٳҲŵħͷѷһȴһ㲻
ħͷ绹һЩѪӵԯѪˡʬ˵ȣɽֻߵعĬĬޣȴԵ
Ȼ֮ҲмˡɽʦʦʤʦӡһԹײɽ
а໥ǣƣûо԰ǲᶯֵġ
ɺϵǣסĹ棬붾ż⣬뽭Թƫƫ˽εϣͽһһģж
˵Щͷͷǵ¾һۿģˣ۵ãʶ㣬ЩǰͷҲû
ʦȻǼѧԨԴϢͨǶ´ƵԶԼܱġ
ǽǰʯͷԼĽţ̾һ֮Цһʹ죺۸ңɷģ鷳˰ɣҪԵλħʦħͽܱ涢ϡ
ԭôŵұ֣Ϊ۶üûֱӹݸء
ҲǹҪȫֻǿԵġǣ˽ǣǾ͵òʧˣǰʵ뷨
Ƶ˵һЩ˵֪ԷΪӢˣԺΣЩ綼֪
ʱһЩ͸öԷһЩ·
ڵȣһЩ츮仹δʱӻһЩδɳһԭƻƶȡʤ֮Ϊͬʱöüʢ˾ͿԻؾˡʱħͻ˳˳ˮɵ֣ҲýΪ֮
һ£ƾ˵úˣѶüԺĲҲ˵˲١
һʵʵ⣬ǵ翼ǡ
üɵڶ࣬ȫɳȻҪͽܻܲһطɣǻô˵
һĶ츣ؾͲ˰
ҪҪȻҲҪأ벻ҪӢ϶ٲˡ
ȻСڻڶüɽźˣʦš
õĿڵȻǶüɽ΢֣ڶֱ࣬Ƕ츣ء
ɼƻüɿ֮ʱڿɽ帮뿪иĵռȻӾҪɵĸˡ
ɽ綫ƹòءἡɽ񽣷塭
ʱɱĴսʱ֮磬ʱ졣


1545 Ϊ飨ϣ
ףʦ㣬ղ˵Ӣˣ󲮼ҵŮҲ֪Ƶ˼ά۵ʮѣӿһ棬תʶ̫õСȥˡ
ţĸһֱأ˵ҪĥһԵպ󷽲ܹΣǲԸΪͽƵͷ
̫ˣһСԸóˣ֪£֪᲻˵÷裿
ƾϲеӢˡ
ܴӢĸǰ˰֮ǰʱ仹һСŮҲĵúܺõġ
־ȤͶ֮䶼Ϊ֪ˣӢ£ƵȻһ
ӢССľͺܰǹŪԸѧɷżǿ飬ƫƫ˵Ů̫ߣܺҽ̵ñԼ̻ˣԺͺѸıϰߡ
ǲӢȴǼԸȥĽĽòˣǼ˽ǰ֮󣬸һǻȫڰʦѧˣĴϹײϹϣĳǰԼһƬĳϣ¡
ϧǣȻûеóԸԾԹԵųǳ졣
һգı£ĽӶˣʮ־ɥΪԼͣû˿ϡ
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뵽Ӣ£ƾЦС游ڶüɽɽΪʱдŸԼ˵һЩСŮ¡
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СһﾹȻˣС´μţҵúúȡЦһС
ʲôţƺйӢӸͲһ·ֻеĴҴҹͣ˷˼Ҫ紵ȥġ
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Сдᵽ֣ԼƺЩӡ
Ӣ˵ǽ磬սΣΡ
ӢһԴⶼζѵͬһˣͬͬգʦҲ˵˵ҼҼһģ汿
һֱûѽϿһλǿԵĽϵʱϸϸ룬֪ԼӦٶۡ
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һ;òµ֪ĸײǡ
Ϊ˾ò棬ѾѳϹϵû뵽Ӣﻹڼǹš
쳾ӣĶ⶯Եǣ
ӢˣϵüʦĸãǱߣüɲӴˡ

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֪üΪ˱ɱһ£ѾȻı̬ȡ
Ȼûдӵж̬һӾͱսѣǣһսĺȴǼԶ弫ΪҪ
٣üѾѶʹʲôЧֶΡ
ҲĿŵĶԸ
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һ£ٵɵսųƵһĸǰûֵ˺ôʲô˸ҴƱ˵ԼܶԸλߡ
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ХǰС
ճĬĬĸӦԼĳ΢΢Щ䡭
ϣɽƲʱѾʼˡ
ǿ֮ΣԤһ㣬ܹһЩ֪ٵ빥
Ԥ֪Σ񣬴ʱѾӵԼйصϣò˵һ޴Ľ
ȻҲ츳뿴Ѳ˹ϵ
ճɫЩԣҩǽʵʦ᲻Σգ˵߱滹Ҫǿһ㣬¡
ûµģʦ˵ʤ֣֧ӦһỹǿģֻϣƽǴһЩҪѻʯľٶ
ؼҽҲǰģڻɽƲʱȻȴǺЩŵӺѾء
ɽЩѣҲѹġ

ճµһ㶼ûƵɽ֮ʱ｣һѾ
һɶֱͬܳ顣
˵λ̣ƮȻ
ħɽݡһֱա
ɫӰɽҰóһ㵭ɫ֡
Ʋеӱһȫ̧ͷ
ͼӰ˳ǧӰ
趯
ӻƵۣͷϽҡֽա



1546 Ϊ飨£
ħɽ򣬷ֹ⽣ӰʦȫˣϮ˹壬ƽһʹȵкڵӡСľ衣
ʵϣеͻսƨöûУֻ˳ŵΪһ㣬ջһ
ҲҺƽ䣬֮֮ͳһƬѪ졣
һ֣ɽľݾͷή
һЩոնʵ΢ͣƺһ͵ϣЩ˸סԴʹ
ŵӵû£Ƕø죬ԪȫУѣ֮һЩԡ
ʲôƽ󾪣
ǵѪƹ̫ԶӾѾҪȫûˣʵ̫ԶˣȫΪ
ȳζźԶľ붼ͶֱǷ˼
ֻϣʦܻܵˣʦ֣ģ䣬ѾڵأͷʹŽʦ֡
ɽ۹֮ûλߡ
ӣΪ޹ʹƲҺ۸ɣոϰգŭȵ
Ѿŭˡ
Լʵܿ죬տ϶ǷӦġ
ʮͻȻҲΪ͡
Ÿող½ͷְɺѾɽͷ
ߵľƷɰôԲʶ
ϴȥݹʱⰫӻҡͷβĴڣʱ֪ǲǳԴҩȻһԣɱˡ
ڵģҪһ򾡰
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ҺãҲ˾޴
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μʹӮҲ㲻¶⡣
˵ͷҲܣӸңնɱЩ裬ҲֻƲʦͽֳӣԼȣӦûвġ
룬Ϊһʧǰͽ´붯棬ڱҪʱֶԸĳλʦ֡
أһսõçͷӽ飬ʮ־㤣Ŀɿڴ
ǽƺÿһ춼ھֹͣ۴ƽ֣ٶϹƶκβãҲûԼɱͬɱնһ㡣
һԤıʧܣһ߳ŭԴһɽ£°ˡһá
ԷŭԷ
ǰľȻԼЩ󣬵ڶҲ̫⡣
ǿǿˣܵסԼȫ
ǰӰתǧɫӰţȴЩĴ˶֣֪Щԣ߻Ҫٷһ
ԹԵʫԾʮַΣȴһģûŻ£Դħ轣УҲ΢΢ɢ߳ҲվӣԼһģҲҴ⣬ʧǰɡ
˵ȥɽСһʵȴҪǿ°ˡ
Լʲôˣ
ǰôûⶫء
ȷٻ붾Щ飬ʱȴûа֮ġ
ǿδ͸ͨ澭Ԫһɢֹ⽣Ӱ
кȻ͵ƣһټͻأ֣Ҳᰵĺ
磬صɷ㾹Ȼǿ٣ѵͲô
־ŭֻҪӦȥ׷ɱͽµ飬ұвףɲҪ󡣡
ɷĳ֣ȻʲôɷȻǶԪ˫ؿ飬ΪҲǲܶɹǶɹģȻºá
ǰβһ
ԪΪδﵽһǿٵĺֻԪ񻯹Ͳֵܵס
ֻԼҲˣƫƫԼɱ֮£ԷĽܿҲԼĽ
һСģͻо׺
صٲ򵥣ܶɹ޲Ĵ߻ǲһģ׽٣ס
Ǿ͹ֲñĺˡ
ɫתΪᣬɰӿΣһ䣬Ҫսپٲ֡


1547 ȻȻϣ
ȻʮִֺȴֻǱ󣬲Ըˡ
ʵϣȱݿһ棬ôܳΪһħʦ

｣һ䣬ɷ֮ոڣӦ
Ŀʮ˫ӡɰеĿˮһ貨ӿֻһվͳһѪ쳤
ֱƲΧȦͷ˶ƥϲβ֦Ѿǣһں
ǰɰĶӦá
֮Խţʵó֮Σλ񣬹
ʵǿﲻֹһʱȫȫѹƣչ¶ܸͥ΢΢ѹһͷı
Ӱֻһ֣͸оʮֳˣеľ˲Ϣ֮Ϊ֮һɷҲѪɡ
ǧӰӴĳ֮죬δɵħɽǲظ
֮ͻأӿݵϸ΢ӶųϿһ㣬һң͵ˡ
ζǿ࣬Ҳǿᣬ丯ʴýҲȾԪһܿȫ̱
ѵ춨ҪңȻһ˿ɫȻȴʮּᶨ
ǰɷ֮ȻƴȴʮرģԪδɢҲɷ֮ۻԭ
ʵҲţǶ涾߲ðӦû֪ѶˣʱԼջɢԪ񼴿ɡ
ƿʵǽֱʲӵеġ
ʱӦֶȫûôˡ
ѾԴ󷢣ʹðҲҪǿԼû취㱣
Σֻϣ㲻Ҫ̫ű㹻ٰⰫǧС
˵һ䣬˾ϡ

ճҲ̫ż
ɽԽ͸Ӧ
ʦ｣֮ı£ǵȼĵ˹Ҳֵܵһġ
οɹֶڶ࣬ĲֻΪʵ
ɽ֮У֮ԹΪ֪ΪʵǿΪ˳衣
ɻаħԼķύ
֮Ů˼ڲҲǼá
֮ʱ崺磬δһ㡣
ʣô١
ԣճ˵Щģʵ̫żġ
ŷţͷֲˡ
ģһְ಻סĽĸԣѪҺӿ֮ʱһ㣬ǿ͵ѹԪ΢΢еѹ֡
ʾѾܼԼص£Ѿ˼Ҫͷ
ˣڵķȥȷɵɽ»Ѿʡ
֮Уճ²Լˡ
ɹõȷǲΪ̣֮ҲֻΪ˸Щֶζѣ䱾ԾǸֻԸɽڿĵŮˡ
ΪԼĳ֣ɽƲչǰüҲԪʦ֮ҲǱòˣ̨Ҳ̫Զ
Ŀʵ֣ʵѾûԭִ
ĽѾòͬһΥԼ˻£пܲίߡ
Ϊ鲻Ϊȫ
һ뵽ճͷһƬԼӦôһ¡
ҪɵøһЩȴ֣ԼʵҲֻô졣
˷磬ǿǿƨϵҲûС
ֻԪء
ԪжǿƶٶȾж죬Ʒʵĸ¶ϵ
һȺ˵Уķٶȱ֪ʦҪһ˿
Ȼһ˸߶ȵԶ̵ǿľ塣
ǵ˲췣ңȫƿأǼƲתߣҲ޷Ը׷սܿβŲ
ϾܹƿһƬصԪƶУԼҪࡣ
ʵԸ֮ϡ
û뵽Լ̤̾ܺٶȣֱ˲ƣ󲻵Լһ֣̿ռ䣬Ƶֻ潻ս
벻Ҳֻ˵ʱҲҲ
ܴˣճһΪԼ޵ˣûʲôĵʵǺܽһֵ裬Ժеıζﵴ
ʵȴͷһ
ʵⶫһʵǲõġ
˵ףԼҲֻԪ׺ڣԲʵһûﵽܿܿеһԱ
ĳЩض֮£Ƶϴ޵УûСӢ۵ʸ
ճǿüҪͻʣⲫ˼ɡ
ǣڷ֮Уƴ˭ܵԪ˭ٶȸ죿ԵЩˡ
ͣ
ͷеӰڰգճˮɫ΢΢ơ



1548 ȻȻ£
ճϥڰգҧ⣬һͷѪ嶾ɽ֮ϡ
ǽˡһɢǿϢԽԽ󣬷ֱء
ݡ¡¡
һ˸죬ֱը
ֻһâٿԶȥ
֪ʦͷˮĸոͣ½⣬͸оһǿѹ֣ûбѹֱӴӰˤ䡣
ǡ
Ѫ֮Ԫ㣬ܷԶΪһƴ
ûеˣΪˣ
϶ƲˣɹΣգǷٶ̫һɱˡ
ѪֻԪһôӦòɣԪ
㣬㿴Ѫ֪ٱˡ
𣬷ԪЩӵɨһЩûʶġ
⽣ѹǿ֪ʦȲס⣬ֻѣǿԲ˵
µûӦǶ͵ɽѾС
ϣüɡ
ʵ֣֪ΪԼЩһͬУȴֻнһܸӦɽƲΣգѵͨı¡
ɾַ֮ͨԶҲ̫ʵʰɡ
ȥ벻ͨԪҲپᣬתȥͼҩСؼҽϢĳƷڽʦֵߣȫƽһ
ڼ£ۼӦ侹ȲϼСʱ²ôûȴˡԽεı죬˶ߣػܻסһġ
ܵ˵ǲ̫ճܸնԵС
ȻЯٶȲôֱӹٶȹ˰ɡճ⣬ųһЩ˼ԵС
ԪǰһҲģԪ󲿷תΪ֮ȥһ
ʱնɱţƵκӵعڶǰֱߡ
Ȼ㲻رǿᣬҲ˳֡
ʱעѪ֮ǿܣڶʱ֮ڣΪ˵ʵʩ
ȻǧôҲȲģսʱӦҪϲ١
Ը߻⣬ԸǿȫĻֻһѡ
һѾˡ
ճݡ
Ӿ嶾ɽ֮ϣֻɽʹء߰ȫʧ״ΪĲƮ߲ʹ
ǰߵĿΪһ¶¼ǽȴڽ˺֮£ɸֹŹ״תӿһӨɫ˻
ͱԶԶ


ħ裡
ɫ⣬絹۵Ĳ񷣬ԭסɽԲʱѾѹĵȥ
ĽΪóֶΣʱȫŪ˽ѵ֡
Ǵ򲻹ߺȸ֣ƾʵһʱǲʲôΣյġ
Ȼ򵽺ⲻҪʧܣҲ㹻Ԯϵ
ǧ㣬ȴû㵽ߴȫûһʦԾ־͵Ϯһݰɽ˵ѾҲڴ֮ڡ
ǰʱ䶼ǶͽҲûôģһĶԸüĴִأסɽڡ
֪ΪΣ￴ɽӺͣȴĵ˲̡
ˣο϶ʧʧɡ
һ̣뵽ʵԼжΣգ뵽ĳ˶ɽ˸Ѫ
عطģûлɽ﷢֣ҪסµӣѲ֪ҪӴ˶ٱ
ۼýҪơ
ȻЩ⣬ȴҲЩջ
ԼϰԵĲع»׶Ը
ջǣλɹþȻԸƴҲԸԼһɽ
Ҳ֪ôģ
ȻˣǾȥɡɭĺ⣬˷
òִݻ٣Сôԡ
ڱ˿ЦǺǵĺܺദʵͼΪпᡣ
ɣ
޺âʢɫⱻһѹͻΪǧǵ㣬һͬĳֱ
ˣʦסˡƽǿѣҪǰȥֻһƬãȻ
˾ͽƽŵȴûս
ЩӣȥˣֻǻججĹӣ޷Լǰ
ǣͷԼȻǲʲԸȥ
ϧֻٸŵһֽ̱беϣĿǰһС

䡭¡¡
׺ԽԽ졣
ֻǸոմУ籩̣ɽӱɫ
ǰƺ߿衣
ǻþ𣿡
յôԣмХ
ƽݺݵŤͷȥԼľ׵š͵ͼʻһɫ켣ճʱֻߣȵ֮ʱǵǰ
嶾ɽǴʦ֡
ʦֵˣ
еӣȫ˻С
ǽǵ˾ͽƽҲ֪ΪΣ
ԼҲû֣飬Ťţ֪ϲûǺۺޡ
һ֣˶У̨ܵͤׯ԰éݾȫз𵭵ƣһȻƣ޼᲻ݵǰնȥ
û˿壬汾廹͸˿˿Ѫâ
λΪѪɫɾֻһ˾ͻɫӰĻ˻һٰƲɽͷ״ݻ٣ͻȻһɱ䡣
ţɫâ۴ģһ֣ͷ·ѾնһС
жԶ˼ά죬ܵľ֪ٲܹԼؽ뵽Σȥ
Ѫһתǧ֮һɲ֮Уƻ壬γһʮͷ­С
߱һңƣзҲͬ
ȻԾˣУʵҲû̫Ҳֻء
Ѫ̳֮ɼ᲻ɴݵͣﰲ
õĶʮɿɰɰɡÿһɰ֮ǾĥһЩɽҲֺ
ʱɰѻص᲻ɴݡ
۶Էɽη񣬶նƵġ
ı㡢۹ʱͿףǵϹâԶ̿ؽǧϮɱ
ȻʮֲչûԴԴķٿء
ԼֻҪ´˽ٽֽôԲǻɵԼ
Ժд̣ŻƳγεĹâֻȽһ̷ˡ


1549 Ԫϣ
ˡ
һԶ೤Ľը׺Уǽɫ٣ҲߣҰһ㣬ֱֱײ֮ϡ
âֻһײͷˡ
ֻһӴ߾͸оˡʲô⣿
Ǵ󴸣֮
ǽӴ㴫ĲǷи֮⣬һɼŹֵ𵴽֮
ԼȺ취һɫ⣬̾ͱ𵴳Ϊϸ΢Ŀǧǧž綾ɰ촷ۡ
㴫ǲ˰޾һ˵һˣӿȡ
ԼķȻ˿ֵ
ֻһ˲䣬߾͸оңѪڣζѪɫӰܿƵɢ
ԳһѪķͷİӰ׺ݵĳŤšţⶼһš
ʹüˣ
ߡۡһ³һڴѪͣͣ廯⵹ȥһѪ
һҽһΣҼסˡ
ȥɽҪϴɾӣһ˴Žɫľ޽֮д
ʦͽˣߵԽԽԶȻԶˡ
̶仰У˫ͶԼսûΪǳ滰
ʵϣҲ֪ɽƲʦ˵˾Ϳˣ±ѵúܣǴҶϵˡ
ʱҪѸ磬׽ȥﵽɽιɽжȴǹܴɡ
Ҳ˵ȫʧܰɡ
׽˵жûгɹЩ󣬵ΣĿ껹Ǵˡ
ӱ𣬲ôһֻҪȵֹɽʱôܳһڶ
һݣһѪﰵźݡ
ž壬ҡ
ڶֵʵ̫ǿԼСˣҵǣԼ֮ʱѡ˶ԷԶ¶δʱ̣Ҫƴ
ףǰλʦֻһѽĻʱλ˵
Ѿȥȴǲ̫࣬޼Ȼ£ûٽ⿪ĵֻ׼һЩ
߿׷Էٶȣŵĳɫβ·һˣУһɽ뱻Ĩȥ
ԭسһĶ߳ˮӿˮӿ䣬ͳһĺ
ǵʮɳĺɰȻͻأı䳤ʮࡣ
Ľ⣬ǵúúüˡһգٲֱͣɽ
ոһ˲նսҲ΢΢ЩԼ󷨣ֻ׼ʮ걸ټӵϡ
ͷҲأĵçͷúãȻϢԼϧ
ǽεʵôҲ۴ƽְˣԼҲܴľ͵ɽԷ
ʱﾪݣҲֻһߵˡ
ûôƲ֮һЦ

ճһڵȫϲ飬
ʱŭӿȥʱǱͻף˴Ϊ
˵Ƕ׵ȻǿˣʵҲȥԶ
֮Ϊߵƽǰӽһ֮󣬲³һѪϢֱ۶Ѿɷĩ
֮ʱŵİɰʱֻʮɵģȻ֮һɰԣ״ݻ١
ŭ޿ɡ
ʿ˵˻ҪϵΪϵѪϵ
ֱ۱ݻ١Щ£ֻҪȥҩܿͿԳãԪΪµҲҪɼʿְ취ֲ
ǣܵˣ½ǿɾͺ鷳ˡ
Ҫֲûбİ취ֻп¼ǿ
һúݣҲýʦþˣ˶þˡƽȻЩãȴЦû
ƲˣѾƬɽ뵱Լļһ׽ţʵڲ뿴κһˡ
һսԸҲҪס˰ȫľٶǷˡ
ܰɣʦҲҵȵĸ
Ǵʦ֣ʵ̫
˿ǽ˵ʦôʤ׷װǰأ
ɻ䣬ͼڣݵĽɫ޽Ƥһ㣬ͻȻСָ̡߳ವһͲɹǰʯϡ
ΡΡһʦȵϢˣҺܿϵдˡ
󼸸֣ԽԽֱͣš
ãǰѾߣԸ񣬾ͷðյģ˵һս֮أȥȥɡ
Ц˵
ħɽɫ΢΢԰ףԵЩȴͦñֱʮ㡣
Ǿͺá
ЦУһӹɽͷת۲



1550 Ԫ£
ԭʦԪ𻹸źԶ
ѹֲ׷أһˣհ
Ϊʦ㹻ģԪҲŶ˭ȫסգڵġƽüëһЦ
ǧ﷽䣬ƿУʦΪΪǽĶ˽޿ȷĳ
ʱΣչȥȻʮȴҲ¡
ء
һ졣
ǰƿ
ȴһƿ̵衣
ѽⶾȥɣÿһţ˹ԪġЩƣС
ǣʦƽƿл¾͵ҩ裬ַȥ

ԪһԿţֱġ
֪ʦ˻һۣԷǡ
д˰߲Ʋ磬סһǸô죿
ҪкҼһ̣ҪԭصȴɿżŮȫʮģֲ֪ô˵ˡ
⻰˵ףʵȴǲ̫ŴʦֵʵΪԷʧ
֪ʦܳɹ𣿡
ԪԪһĴ
Ӧÿ԰ɣֻϣʱ䲻Ҫϵ̫ãҲҪʧ̫ءЩ˻δϵɽʧܿĲˡ
ǰԪ˵ͷ
ʮȫӦöûԽʦһжġ
һ£ֻҪ˫ʵǲ̫ԶԪֶΣԪξ͸ˡ
ǶԸƫŶ֣ɰ綾ޱȣɽմ˾ͻʧȥԣѰһЩĵرϴ
Ԫմˣǿɲˡ
ϵΪ꣬һܴǾͺӡ
¶֮ʱ֮УԼҲֻһ֮ʵϣΪƿ﷽Բ֮ڵһԪǸΧУơ
ˣȵѪ뿪ҲԶûбԭ򣬾Ϊ׷ȥɱҲ̫󣬸ͶԸ˶Է
ȻҲȥ׷ϣֻݲ׷ѡ
ҲԿó
֮ʱǿԪĸǱزٵġ
ϣһ̣û÷ɵģԣǶ
ں˼֮ʣԪͼǰĽʦЦվ˵߰ɣûˡ
壬ҵķɽƲͿˮƽˡ
˵ִļͷ
ȻһЦã
ܽƣ׹ҫŰճҲ
ҵģҵģʦ֣ҷɵúܺáҩæ˹˷˵
֡岻ˣವһ
ҩغЦæϡ
Ǹ˶ߣ˸հԪͷˮ
˵Ƕ˶ߣҲ취ֻһͽ飿
˵˸գɽڻɽӦ˰ɣݷɽûˣ
ȥ˲֪ˣ֪ʦЦЦһģȴ𾪡
İѶߴ˰ɣܰΪǳϵģԪƺֻǸո̤뷨Ԫ鲻ãƾʲôǿУ
ǰȥʣʱڸ·ôÿڣֻʱɻѹ¡뷴Ϳ쵽ɽƲսΣۿ֪ˣûҪȥġ

ƲɽͷһƬǼ֪ʦ˸ϵʱ򣬾ͼٵսۼ
ĴȫǿήĻľɽϪ֮һЩС㷭ŶƤ
Ͱľֱ;סĵط
˶ææµµģȴʮܣû̫ܵģ
ԣǸûһȥΪɽϲûɵ
֪ʦһţﰵ档
޴ڵȳϢǰߵȷ޲𹥻ɽ嶼ֽȥˡ
£һˣɹýȰ
ȻҲнʦԮĹϵﲻһͲܻסɽӡ
ŵӡҩɽϢ
֪ʦһˣҲȥЩʱʱͷǰĵӣֻǸճһ·ǰУϸ
̫֪ոշˣƫƫʦֲ˵ĺĿҪը
ʦˣ˵ڴ£ô֪ɽأ
һԶԶһɽӰĿ⿴ǰǰӰ̲סͷ
˵üóľǼ㼪׻ϸÿһλԵÿһˣʦҲ°ɡ
ʦ£ҲǿԺҴȵ𣿻ѲʯƺҲһ飬ǰߵĴѪʦִΣҼǵЩĩδɨɾʦ˵ˣǶо綾
ԶԣɰӰɣҴûʲôɰӿԱɺģܴˣǰˣʦһ漰ʱһɱѪ룬ƨҷţҿƵˡ
Զĵüɫţɾʮ㡣
֪ʦͷԪеȴԽԽȡ
ȻԼǰĲ²ϾǴˣԪһûôҲֻǻ˶ߣ˵֣öƬֻ̲ͣӶݡ
Щˡ
ߵûǵĲ֮ҲҪ
Ϊ֮塭
ŰɰɰʯѪ֮以һһֻҪɽʯڣͺѰɱ
ɽնɱȥֻҪ˼Ԫ񣬾նҲͬնˮһ㣬ɰֻһӿָܻ
ҲǷԪ֪ʦ˾ճʮдԭ
ֻһ֮İջ˶أ
ǶԷӲסһǿŪɳ׾
ǣЩӷԷθ̸ȴֲǼٻ
ʦһûд󣬷ǿùˣö߸ܵвŲֻֻͣܲ˱ܡ
ʦֺá
ʦֺã
;ʺãճЦŵͷʵʦأ
ƽǰص˵ǻغһᣬ٣ȷ裬һͳ
˵꣬λ˽
ˣȲ費ǴΪ˳߼Ȼɽɽ³ǳҲһ𷢶ˣ벻ҪõϵֻܷԸ
иʦЦǺǵ˵
͡
ǾͶлˣλ˰æһʧ
ճ뿪ˣ䵱иʦ⣬ɽƲȻûлɽôȫλֿˣɽһЩӼҾ죬̨Ժɾ鷳ˡ
ʱȻŵӣʵĸֲûм
е˹ĻЩŵʵҲɲ̫ó
ǣɽµֲܲܣǷβײͻֱ̨Ҳ󻵡
סµӼҾɣǻʲôڵļֵôͽܷ


1551 ˮϣ
㰲µ·λѷĸϸɽ³ǳأɽħͽ
ʿʱķûʲô˸ô󣬲ҪճɣԷľͷֳĻˣÿһԼʮλ·ŵֱɽȥ
ԪҲɽȥˡ
ƲɽǸӸɾʮ㣬ҲһγֶԸʵֻһЩħӡ
Զӧڵúܡ
ң磬·ʵÿλ֡ڳ޷ӦԵ
ǳ׹
ճҲ֣֡
¶ֵ֣徲ûʲôá
˵ˣҪһɽħ׼ɽȻ֪֪á
ء嵱ɸˣ˼ʵǿˣûҪ̨ճǿԴָһЩ
źȺȲ裬죬һЩߵƽƧá
߽һܣһͷŴ򣬴һԿǼһúܣҲʮֽ
ټϣԷıһҲǶʱƲ̾ӣԼû̫׷ϡ
ԣֶεöһЩ
һߺŲ裬һ߰ǧǬ룬ֲԼԶ̹Ĳ㡣
뼫һսȻǰ׷ѹ
εĺôеģǾ嵽üɣǲԼҲٰ̨ɴаӶնħ
εĺôҲУб
˵׽Ǳճʱն÷飬ҲǹӴ֮ЯǬȴ
ճֿ죬һֱ鶴ʱмܶһ˵ֶΡ
֣ԼʱСļȷǺǣʵǿ
ü֮붯˶ֶԸ棬ʵǽĽ͵УǿǬ롣
סİٶϹơ
ճԷļʶ̫ߣĲд֮ȴеġ
Ǭʵоı壬渽
Ȼں֮ȴѵõԪһγһ󷨡
Ӷһɱ
ÿһС棬һͼԭϣ̴ֽܷһϣΪ硣
ٶϹһƤʮּӲͣȫȻһ壬鲻ճϡ顣ⲻ嶾ɽãˡ
ҲûǿܺԵĵز
Ǭȴǿԡ
ɱĴ͸֮£Ե棬׹һֱƳķ
ڲֱĥӵʶ
ݵķƫƫߵĻڵ·ӡһûתҲһܵס봩̡
Һü̫д󣬵ʱֻնһͲ׷
ȵתɣ׷뷨κβң˾ûý
ճһûһ֪ʦţﰵϲš
˷뷨ȻܶԸҵԸȴʮִ̨ɼ󣬵ҲΪ̫ʦҲûз¸ӣǵսͻ࣬þˡ
ϸţëķ룬һȻô󣬴ԶȲϷɽܲס̫ࡣ
һӾԪΪʵãܲٿذʮһâֿ»ͷʹҪ
ҩСһƷɽʲôҲûУʵ̫ᣬܲǧţǧ
塢ֳᦺͰü룬ʵҲǳԼһţһӶݷһǰõֶβ࣬ÿҲǧɡʦһЩʮλŵӣÿ˷һٸʣ»кܶ࣬Ҫôأ
̫ⷨҲһգճֹ
ԪΪ뼫˲úԶͲٿزôâƿǧҲ͵ˡ
ȻҪĻϰӲӲ壬͵͵Զŷսʽ̫ϲ
˾תȥⲫֱǰϹǡ
鶴һϲ
ǾǴ顣
õű֮ճϸоһЩ
飬ʵûзȫĹãֻ壬ֱǴСˡ
ʵϣű飬Ĺãʵʲô֮岻ֻ֮Ǹô
ʵڶԪ
ͬս
͵һ˱ˣЧһһڶô򵥣ճԭ˷ֲ֪Ҫǿȥˡ
ΪڶԪǿġ
ʲôزڶԪҲͬԡ
ֻ˷ֻܴﵽĽ׶壬ƾֶκ͸ĪĽҲֻܶԸҩˮƽĵˣʵ̫
ֻҪɵڶԪճͿһ׶ķڴ˷磬ȥ磬ҲĺԺ
סݻҵܱס
ԺķչĪô
ĻǱסҵǵڶԪʱ޿̵ȥط
ıÿ춼˯ԪΪҲһֱǣӶϡ
Ժɳ񣬵ڶԪȻž޴á
֮Ǻ̫࡭
ճ̫෽ԴﵽͬĲЧ



1552 ˮ£
ǧٸǬ룬ճͣоԼۺʵǿ
Ѿ㹻ˣٶĻЩѹǧٷ˻ȥסһ¡
һʹ鶴ճķ˿֮ȥһϸϸ췢ǺۣǾۼСһǬѾϴˡ
սĻбǿͲκⲫ
Զӣͷ룬ǬȻúԶոճ֮ʣ籩һֺֿݣҺͻȻ
ǣ͵Ϯòˡ
һ־˿Ӧ䶼ǬѰٶϹɱ˸⡣
Ӵ˴ܿâٶȼ졣
һҲû̫õķˣճֻϣԼĵڶԪ֮Ԫøǿ
÷ٶȱ죬ֱֵľ룬
Ԫͬʱӡ֤󷨷ķҲӦ㹻˰ɡ
ȻڶԪ񣬾ͲɾˣðչأԼûС
ճæ飬֪ʦһҲûֻ֣ЦϧɽƲûлɽͼҲС͵ɮ֪Եõ󷨾ͰĪˡ
ô鷳ɽͼ𣿵ʱʹþͿԡ

˻ͷͼһӻƵŮڳ֣ɫѩף͸һЩȴˡ
Ϣ˿˿ɱҲ͸ŷŭ֮⣬Ǳǰ͵ɽΪŭˡ
ʦ˵üǣħеģ͵ҲУ߼ȻսǾǡճЦ
һ͵ϮҪȴǰˣԼŹҲܷţҵþɱ
һ͵͵һȥġ
ǰһҪԸü˶Ĵˣƻ
ԶҪСŮ˵ִš
˻˼ûаնԸɽ֮ǰ̽çײɽ
֪ʦ̾һ뻹˵
иʦҲһ˵˵ɽ˽⣬üģϵг˵һ˶Դ˰šȻδ֣ȴʱ̹עš
ȷǲǿ취߳ɽ涯áԶһͣö
Ųճһ̽ͷҩơƹˡ
ŮһҩЩ̫ԸҲûԣֻǻ಻Էмƣúܣҩʮȡ
˵ľơ
Ŷô⣿йâһȤʵĪ뿴̨ɵӣû߹ɽţöüʧ˰ɡ
ɹöˣʦƴΪ˿֣Ǵüʦһ֮ԶԸħƹ˸ҾһҲ
ס
˴к档
৵ȥ
ոմɳµҪ󣬶ü˭⶯ȫ
ҩƲƲ죬ߵһԵдʦڣı°ﲻæɣ
ҩʦ㡢ʦԶǿͣ񡣡ճæֹסҩĻͷ
Ѿͷʲ̫˵ֱ̫ˣ˵֪
Ȼƾ߷ߵĿ˹ȥҪҲԼڡ
ճȻתһ룬˶üɵ뷨ʾð
ɳӣǸԼϤŮӣɵ֮æ壬ü
ȻǺ⡣
ƶѾǵĴûҵǼǵöüɻͬǰǾͲŬŬ
תһ룬Ȼ
ĶüǽˣЮشƶ֣ǰͬˣȴǵ¡
Щǰ߸ϣ򲻵ѣָɲġ
ռƵʱ򣬵Ȼϧ֣׵úܡҪðΣΪüɻȡԼ֣Щˡ
ô˵üûа취ˡճһ֡
ĿƺƣԽԽӦˡ
ԷΣȻ̫͸ſ츳ڣǲġ
кԸ˷ϲˮŲʵ֪ʦ㡢ʦҶԸħ
սҸʦǰﲻæģֻṩһЩϢˡ֪Ƕ߲󷨻ɽк󣬴²ɲ
Ƶ½Լ֪ɽϢһһ˵˳Ǫ̇̄ʵȻǿᣬɽӲƴֱӴΪ̫׵һȣʱ졣
һţоȣĵʦ˵æȻǰæһҲ˵ٻҲ֪ôģ
ԼĻæҲһһͲӰ㡢ľİ˼ҵģ
תͷȥͼﵽҩ֪ʦԪеˣʱĿȫ׽
ȼ仰ʱ֮ڣĤѾʧ
ʦ⡣
ˣ
ƣ֮Գϡ
ǶüƴʦԭɣӢ˵ϹҲ£С֮ĶȾ֮
ʵⲢƵı⣬ĴٺɹϵҲһͺ޸صİл˵
ֻҲΰ˵˵ţͰ뷨ȫ˵ˡ
ǸȲ˶ֱҪԼһ㡣
ЩŹֵĸоԼȻ̫ԸȥƭԷ
ʲô˼⣬˵һЩ鱨֮󣬾΢΢ͷԼ𾪡
ʲôûУֻԪӦ˵ȫģüҲĽͣʡ̽Ĺˡ
кһħʦһħʦնɱüһټϷħʦ棬Ҿаħˡ
ճ΢΢ҲоЩЦԼȴǰѶüɵһЩˡ
ֵø˵ǣɱ񼫵ĴħͷҲ˽ʵġ
һս֮ǣҲõô˳صѾ߰ǧֵӯӯʱ㿰ʹãҲ̫նħջˡ
ôбûҪá
лúʦԮ֮£λǿԳˡ
ճȻվЦ

ȫȻԼĶ䡣
Ƹո˵ԷϸҪѵûԷ󷨻ɽ⻹ûķء
²˳٣ʹһֲţȥɨصѾɽˣûܸ硣

Ӻůʱѽ硣
ɽƲɽͷͻȻʮϰٵ⣬ɫͷһɫ޽ɽȥ
ճһֳ⣬˶ôôս
֮Զ֧֣ǰ߹ɽΪŭˣʱ˼Ҫûòֵ⡣
ֻҪͶˡ
ճҲΣĽЩȷǸٹ̣Ҫıȷѡ
Ϊѵздǳʶ
ӲɽΪڱ˿Ȼ̫ǡ
ճһԼĵơ
Ҳͣ˵˱Ҳŵġ
ѵô˵ѾǿԼˣʲôӲɽ飬ѹûǰֻ֣Ҫһ˴
ô˵ĻҲΪǷӰɡ


1553 ŭͷϣ
ççɽʱ䡣
ûƷˣѩ磬ͣ
żƶһ֮Уܼǹ⣬Ѫâ
߸ߵ͵͵ɽʱʱʯƸıػ
ʳΪʨ޺ѱ¹ֻǻҵͷܣ˻ţ֪Ҫĸطӡ
ƽؼõ߳ϣҲӼĶѨðͷɽҰ
δսһƬĩվ
ɷѾˡ
췢ɱתƣطɱ½˷ɱظ췭
ɱһɽؽ磬Ȼһ
ģΣδѾһ
ճһˣʱɽţľɷڵһƬ
ΪѾʮ˽ˣʱ˼ҵĻɽҲǸов飬۽硣
ļѪҺ
ⲻǾף˷ܡ
ճɫƽĿȴ˸Ļ棺֮УһЩģݱأЩԼǿʿܴ֮֮ҵԪǳܴ֮еõһЩ
˵ǰĴһ⣬˵һԵͿôˡ

֮ңһɽ֮ϣһˡ
Ȼ಻Щ˵һܴ
֮뿪ɽ֮⣬ҲֻǲҪ
һЩ˼Ǿ˭Ҳ֪ˡ
ʩ
˵һƳ룬ǵˡ
󱳽һʿ˵˹š
һ˫Ȼºͣܿ͸ģǶ벻⡣
˾ǶüһˣҲûôɷǣûʲô˫Ϊһɵ죬δ̫ºһЩЩʵҪ
˵ĳüһ۾ͿͽܣԶüɽн̵ʮ£Դ̣
һѧɣüЦӡ
ǣѶüͳУ
ɴ˿ɼ鲢ô򵥡
ûʲô󣬵ȴܴüɴˣһ㣬ʦҲòϡ
΢΢һЦ˾㶼ڴͷλѣǰһۡ
˫ֺʮԣ񣺡ۡ
ֻһԲһ֣ȻȻ
ˮһĲڰɢһĶԲ⣬⻪ֳһ󣬷·ڴ˼䣬Ƿ硣
ȻԣʵɲⰡŷҪЧ֮󣬻Щ硣׹̾
˵ռ˵ķң۰֮ǰ
ʵϵﻹЩɻֻԲС˿ȴһĶʵڲͬն
ѵȼ˻ҪǿǷӾ
׹ƽ˵ûôƽϣ뵽ʲôѿڶ˵ģ⣬Աü罣ĺвһ΢΢ЦЦ˵ʲôȴûڡ
һ÷ˣҲɫ΢΢ЩȻ
ȻüͬȻڣʵϣĳְȽϵ˼
ʱע㲻ڷӡͳ֮ϣԶĴսҲû˵淴׹ݵĻ
ֻȡɶѡ񵭴ݣû漸Щ΢ȻЦЦ͵ɽ¹գݵ˸ͨ͸һЩ˸Ҳǽǣɣʲô˲õķţð׵ѳޡ
˵ǵãȴЩԺüտȻ˲
һĶʱ¶ľǰɽ﷽ԲľȫڣСһֻϣƺ˺֡
ȻֵܼĶţԼϸСִ
ǵģþǴ¶һ֡
ԼҷţȻ˽޷ͨò鸽ڵóѣЩȴһֱڣġ
ű𴫣ͬԴԶȴǲԷ˱
ϼʦ̫塢üԣĵһЩĪζ˲Լʦ˼
üǸӹͬˡ
ȡḡսÿǽεкεսݻɽƲνֻҪʧͺá˭ħ֣ɽȡʤԺһЩֽš
һֺǺǵ˵ƺԴսһҲϣԼԼ޻̨һЩͺ͵ġ
ϸĿ˿棬ѰĳӰתͷˣ΢΢ôͲúýݣȰȰСӰʲôϢܸççײײġò˳棬ʧɲ̫á
Ƥ˳飬֪ôشˣһ˵Ȼƣû⡣
ǣȫİæı̨߰ɣôôᰡ
̨ǵжԺòãǵԼ
һ˷Ĳףƺ¶Ƶġ
ʱǫֻ̀Ǻ˵ӦȰģǽβӰɡ
ƤҲסˣţ̨ɿɲͬˣƶ˶ϣǰҲˡ
üһ˵оһɭɱ֮ƺֻص¡ʱ⡣
ԶԴһ嶶˶֪ʦ̲סˡ



1554 ŭͷ£
ʵˣʵһ㲻Ū࣬һ㲻һֱӳɱˡ
ǶüʵɣǼԼʦΪ׷ɱһаħڶ֮׷֮ãֱ׷׻ɽ֮лϰݵġ
ӵ뷨Ҫֱ̨Ӹɵףŷ򸾲֪ôģɳԼŮƹȥæôҲ벻ͨġ
ȨڣͬͬⶼɽӵĿûзԣҲֻܰؿڡ
ʱһ˻Ƿֲѣϲô˵ƿҪըˡ
ʦ԰ꡭǺǣһµЦµһң̨ܶౣһЩԪħаͽҲһЩ֮أǺ°ˣǲ⣬סҲУ
һӺͿ˰ɣɷת磬ӡ˺̯һܵ𣿡Ҫ˵ĻЭӮʤĵͻȻͼ˱仯
ɽǰһŰббִŽɫС
ʮϰ֣ȴǷָķ
ţԶԶΧ󷨣󣬶Ƿء
ⲻ̫ԴˣҾʹûһ˵ģûдǰǶߺǵģ
׹ɫʮ־ʡ
λ̨ɴУʧأûǼһﾹȻһԣԼһ˴ֵĴ
ܳͷһڶأλĸˣʱѵõϲԼģ֪ԼҪʲô
һָ糵һ㣬Ҳ˿˿㯣ֻЩҲˣȻչһ޲ͬҲ֪Ʋ˴󣬲νֻһȻҴȥɣҲá
ԣĻúƾͲУȫԴˣ˫ǰ˵ȥ޶һ벻סʱԭǸ󡣡
ϼʦ̫ΪĿһһˣֺǺǵЦȴûע⵽Էɫ΢΢һ죬Щ⡣
ȫƺòá
дţ̨Ʋݴ󣬵ͷҪüֵġ
˴Ϊǿ֮ȷá

˵üɹսλǰʵϣ̨λҲһͷˮʾܲ⡣
ľͼħɽΣ㿴ҹһţʹŽɣǰҺˬնһشš
ţɮʦֵܾƿŰɣһѲ⡭ʦܡΤʦܣǿģ֪ʦЦʵ
һֱûгţЩ˼ܲ˼ʦͽѻˣȻԼһ߿档
䵱˾ʹų֡иʦԵ͸ġ
ˡʯæͷϿɡ
ʦôһţˮӦòѶԸƵ

ճ˷ܵĴ󷨣˶ʼսˣţѡԼúʵţû
ʿðܲȫ
ǣ󣬿ҪһʿУôԣ
ͣճ˸ƣҡͷЦɷʵҪҺλֻҪסĸ򣬲ħͽһ˼ɣ󡣡
Ҫô򣿡
һӣճЦ
ת׿ʦ㼸ʱûаյ飿šҪնɱʦפضɽȰɡкϳڶвãǺܿȥ
ҩ塢࣬Ǹʦһ𣬲ҪŹһħӡ
ǣҩ˷ܣһҲĵľߵԱߡ
㡭üëһۣٿԼͽ˫ۣ֪Ϊ̾һҪСһЩǿʵڲоͳ
ðɣʲô³̣
֪ʦͷԪ˿Ŀɿڴ
ʦıָɵҲˣͽܵһȥⲻҲܴӦģ
ˣʲô׵⡣
ԪЩ֪ʦЩһ׷潭ʦһߵˣʱԼбҪ˵һЩʲô
˵ɷԼһ幥ʱȴǷ̯ߴǿ֮߱࣬˵ǵʸûС˵лתطӳ֡
ΣԪʦ֣ʮס棬ݣ͵նɱ
С
Ԫĵ˵ˣֻӦ¡
һսŪɶϷˣҺû֮ΧۣЦ˵Ĵ
Ҳûеҷʦֵľ⣬ֻ˶ʮˣһ｣ϡ
ճٿ֪ʦû˵ʦͿЦˣʦֵܼ
˻֣ʮλʿæ
Ȼ⣬ȴҲֻӦС
Ŀճһ۵治ǿЦģʵֻҪУһЩʵʣ֮ܶӱء
˵Ҳճش𣬾к䵱˺һЩɢ޾ȥ

ЦˣǷֹšϾеѷŻ޿Զһ֮ˣⱻץס㡣μȻһ˴Ҳÿˣѡɡ
ʱĶѾָƣоⱩ䣬Ϻ
뵶ʴÿռ졣
ȻЩƲסԼ飬Ҫһ
ҲãҪѰǾͳȫšת𵢸ʱˡ
УʦĹ³ӡǿаգ
ִ𣿷Ҳҵϡκָżͽܴ̫˵
λΪһ壬ʱһͷȥҲǷޱȡ
ɱ֣Ҫλħʦ
ħڣʱǻɵһƬţɫХںˮ졣
֮Уػ졣
ֻǰࡣ
ճ̤ŵʱ򣬾͸оǰһڣֱ׹޵Ԩ
ûй⣬Ҳûֻļžƺǹһɲǣƺǧꡣ
³³һֱ³
Ҫ밢ǵʧȥʱռ塣
ȻǶţת۴κηλţܸŹȱݵʿֻǸոտʼһͻң޴ˡ
УԽĹֶ
ճ΢΢۾ʵϣʱǰһƬڣʲôΨһĸо³ƫƫǴ
һֵľǡҲʼ
Ķ߾һ硭
ȻͷͼԼԶԶվ±ϣ˴һƣѵԨ֮С
ճһڤڤоһɼܵĻ֮ûü֣һҡ
ɺͦŴӣıš
ѪŻ۵Ľ׷ɱһ뺺ִͷӺϷӶ¡
󷨣ܹͷأɱáòϣǳɹŭҡ
ճһϽ죬һɰۻ˷ӿ
гһɫ׹ɫ


1555 ּ췣ϣ
ѾˣȻǴöšһ𷢶»֮Ҳ
ʲô󷽷ѵ
һĶʾľǰĻδɢһʱ۾Ȼĵɵϴ̲סڵ
Լ۾
öüɴ𣬻۵üǰĸ־ֻˮƽ
ûСӾһĳԭͲԪ棬ۼǻҪࡣ
׹һĵ˵ȴûʲôϲ˼
ȻǼһԵȴԳ֮ӸմӶֻǴ˵˽ε磬ȴûʶЩɻҲ
һսˣȴͲ뷨
÷ʦˣʱֻѰ֪һ̾ͻ䡣
Ȼ˸ڵ˴Լ̡
ߵˣҪĥԪֻ˵ܡ
һ΢΢һ£ת׿һԼҷˣͼԾɫδ䣬Ÿ񷴶ˡ
ı΢΢Ŵ󣬺Ƴ
ôദ֪ԼҷڴʲôڿЩƲĶ֡
ɼһǷһɲ̼Ͱɣͷվɽ֮۵һ̯ѩ겻į
ѵóһߣǱʮֿԼ㵱ȥֻҪ㵽ܶãǰ·ͬ
˼죬Լ뷨δü⿪ɻ󣬾ͼӿȻͼһֱĽɫ޽ͻȻ֡
ϵż侫ܷӵѪɫ·һԪ˺õ׻һƬҡ
䡭
ס
ըѺԶĽҲʱôԶǵɫ׹Ľ޽һն䣬ͿһɽĨƽ
ȱתɷħӲѱһǡ
һִŵĸߴ׳ɮϵĵЦݻûãã֮˴ƳƬƬը֮УǻѪ飬һ·֮лΪɻҡ
³ӡǿҪﵽԪ׶εǿˣһ˶ߺټһκǿֵڵġ
ôûˣոô£Ϣһ䣬ݺݾԼ룬ʾ
ϾԶˣֻܿ󣬲
ȫ󲻵ǽôħռ֮նɱֱٰ֮ⲻ
³ִƵǶţ󷨼ӳ֣Ԫŵƶ֮£ʱܴ֮ﵽԪ۷塣ȷܿѹƽεԪ񣬿ϧȫʲôˡ׹Źֵ˵
ڳ֮ҲΨͷʦֵĽ棬֪Ǿ޽ʱε
ȫǲɵֵһֹǧ㼼ɣַȫܴ͸ѹ
ƥɵĹƷӸ䡣÷ɤԼٶ˵߻ָſĥ֣ˡ
ˣ̫ٶۣţתǸ÷
÷˵ĺ÷ʵǶһ붯֡
ֲɶдУȫ󣬶ɽ
һ֮£ͰɽһǴɷ۳ʲôɽȫ⻹ôȻǼȫǿѹˣܽгսǰֻ
ɺɰ֮ļӳ֮£ŤţͱһǧɾɷħԪһˡ
ХУſѪڣҪѳƬһ¡
Ӧܿ죬ʵӳֵķҲǿϧȻûã߳
ճǰ˼Ϳǰڸյľ޴ͷβɡ
ҲûбĶ뷨ԪиӦ˻̨ƾһֱ
ȥռ仯Ԫˣֻǳһն
û˷壬ڲֳ֪֮˲٣˲٣ϼᱩ
ǰŭ죬նɱ˶߲³ӣ˶ΪһȫʵֻԼ֪֮ʱ
ȷóȫ֮󣬻᲻ΰɽ򻵡
пܻɽػ𡢴ʱ⴦ѵõĵǻԼС
ΪҲ͹ˣԭǲ򰡣Ǿټһ㡣ճһնһȴûʲô죬Ҳû̫ƣ䣬ɡ
ǣƬռӽĶ
Ѫ֮ʱʮĶԲԪͿҲ죬ǧѹͬ
һٵ֮ϢƬΧ֮ɳ
ֱӹճԪ
Ԫ񿪻ѿҪƽṹ



1556 ּ췣£
ճķ֣ǻһƽںϣЩ᲻ƻ˵ĸоƺԪһ̼ܿصΰǨ
ԭˣ֮ž֮ӭ
ͣ
ҪͰùŹֵԪ񹥻
ߵĹȻ֮ʤճ֪١
֪ʦЩһҵ˴󣬾ɥ飬ԵⰡ
ճףӿлӳĽȴǺͣ
Ĺжپ֮жټ֮ʱҵҪôֽڣ
ѪɫֻһƬ󷨿ռɪɪ
ͬһ̺׽ҡ
˿̶ƬƬ״ǿռ䱻ѡ
һͨͬ㣬˷
ۡ
Ѫ
ִ֮ȫоʹʣⷢ֨֨ظ
κҧгݵĴԪԪתΪ취ӲѪɫΪߣȴǺ֧Ԯ
ԷһնѪ֮ϣͷ֣ԼԪһãлһ㣬ζݡ
ͷһƬѣܾ
ߺХȥѷ糤߿衣
һӦӾͱѷһɲɢѪɽһٹ˲⼱Ӷȥ
̻Ȼɥ֮Ȯ
ʱԼɷħ֮УҲӭ
̫ˡ
˵ӵκոմţͼʦĹԼʣͽܣǹɿͺɨֻһըѪ
һΰɽ룬ҲһɨȥʮɣǴӸš
кֻֻùͷ׼ųǧĹһ֣Ѿһʧȥ⣬֮֨֨УΪɢ
ôܣõĹҲɢ𣿡
Ȼ֮Ը֮󷨶κβô˹̥кһɨͼǧѪƬƬ䱾ҲڿѪٰζоĪ
һļ̵ļЦǰӼ䣬̫ûˣռȻһֱܡ
ɴʱ˿̣ȴʲô˼ûУֻһľ¸ļ䡣
ֻѡ
׼ĳɱѾҪױ
׻𣬻涾ƣֱԪ񹥻Ȼȫá
Ҳãڳ׷֮ǰѱһۣԪ
һ˫ӿ˹кһŭС
Ŀ̺⣬ȻףǸϵĿ⡣
գʩΪһüͷ䡣
ǵĮкȴжһ˿ζ
Ϊħʦ֮£ʱܵӣ
Сӣݵò񣡡
ִƻٴ룬ִҲֻʣԼ붾߶ˣкȴûз
Ϊڣһ״ƣǲֹͣġ
һսڣǶߵתຣĴɱѾʼ
ǰĹֻΪơ
ԼſΪһ
ֱӴԪȫ֣޿赲
׹Ĵ
к˻һͷȻڰռתţ֮Ϊһ壬һصİ׹ɽ塣
ɽΡ룬߲֪΢΢ζţ׹䡣
Ƭ󷨿ռأѱѹóɡ
УǸ߸壬Ҳ׹Ǿɽѹ֮£½ʮ֮ࡣ
˫֮ѾһȥɿӶ˴һһ̲ľ޴
кһʱ򣬶޺ЩѸٺˡ
ȴּһֱ˳ƷΧ
֪һʵǺȫ֮ҲԼΪһ
˵ӴĹ֮£˽֮одܣҲԸ㿪˭ɵӲ
ΪԷҲʼתˡ
˶
ǰ׹Ǿɽķʱ֮ѾһƬ򣬴׹ǲк䣬ľ֮ҹɼڻ֮ɫŧҺš
׻౼ХӲ֪ڳ˳飬Ƭɽ𼷵ˮйͨ
Щ׻ǻʵԵһ㣬һ־λϷŨȥֱԪɶ˻
糱ֹۼǹɲâҪ޾Ĺ
ͼǱѪƽֻӶ
ô鶴գ᲻ͣճЩЦ
ڱ᧿ΣԼȴ֪ȫôһ¡
񳱳뵽Ԫʶ֮Уδü׼Ŀᣬѱһ֮ڡ
һ۵СŮ˷ܵһӣڡ
칤߲ⶸȻճܻϯЩɭӰӽжûгһͻΪźǵ㣬ϸ׹붴֮ϡ
һָ֣ճܸӦƬ΢ɲٶţԭ֮ص¶һЩռ
ãĲƷҲ֪˶ĻǣѵĹͨ磬֮ھǵһǲɣ
Żǣü
ӦԪ޶˶˵Ķճ֮һЩź
öϧ̫־á
ͷİ׹ǾɽѾҪѹճȫһÿһѪڻŸ質ţĦѹ
ӲҲܵסȴᱻѹص˴ɽҲᱻ׹Ǿɽñ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ճѾкĹ
Ȼɴ·
ɽҵģҵģҩȫҵģһжҵģܻٻ
ôųճбָȺɽ
糱׻겨֮Уճķ紵Ƥһ㼱Ǵͬ˫ĿտտȻˡ
֮ͻȻɢһõ۾һΣԶԶﶼԪȫĳֶš
췣ۣ֮췣ֳˡ׹ǺһЩ̾
Ѿ֪ôˡ
͵缫ޣ췣ⲻ
һ˳һƳ붼Ʈ
ԭˣˣĿˡ
һҲǸ̾Ϣﰧ̾ΪԸ͹ȥύСӾһͷţܶԸֺαŮί
¡¡
˻𾪣֮̾УǱɫ޽Źâ裬նڰ׹Ǿ޷֮ϡ


1557 նɱϣ
ն䡣
ֻһĵ׵Ĳӿˮ㼱׻ȫһɢ׹Ǿ޷Ӱһ㣬Ϊϸ΢ķ׷
֮гһԲɵԲκڶ߲ת첻ڿš
й¶һ˿˿Ԫķ̣ͬɨʲôȫΪޡ
к𾪣ͷԼһڻҲ룬ȫݣѪըһȦâһɫӰⱼӣ硣
ǼƲˡ
ħһ㶼Ŵ˵ȱУѪݡ
ֻҪӵԪӡʱҲãֻҲãܺùҷ
һ޳ֵķΪʱ˲ˡ
죬סԪ𵴿˶ܻĺ
ƵõϢûдƶϳģͶɽΪԷСʮħ󷨣ƬسΪ׵ݲ档
Ҳûа취İ취򲻵ѣҲܴӦʯٵ
ϾԼѡ
ɴʱһ˰ȫˣֻݣĻ˵ϻҵ
Ϊ˷ֹ׷ϣⲻ˷ط׷
ǶϱѴһˮɱ˽Σ̨ɴһЩ֣ǵסİɡ
ͷһˡճЦһϾ޴δΣǰһˣʮɾ룬һƬɫ˿ţ΢֮УѾ˵кϡ
Ǭ롭
׹ݰһɫʮֹŹѿ
Ҳĺ𶯣⾵΢΢ƣûάס
Ǽ˵ıʱΪ˶Ը棬ͻһȥˣ뵽ˣȴҲ·
ٴμǬ룬ô˼񾲣Ҳһʹ
û˾кܹסǬһ
Ϊ˽֮£ֻʣԪûзλħʦֻһӶѡ
ꡭ
缱кɡ
Ѫݾһâһкڻǿ첻ݻǬ
ճ̤سɴطһ׷ٳֹ֮£ѪݹֻڰһͬһƬƲһ㣬˺ϸϸ˿˿ƣϸСĲ˻
Ԫĥݻٵʹ
ⷭžСǧٱֻʮӡΪǬµ©֮㣬¶չԻҪ
ǣʱѱӱð׳һ㣬ٶҲͬţôӵõճĴ
˸ûͷעһֻۣǲһȭžһ죬ȭһ߲ʹⶴ
ʱҾţʮӡһͻϸԪױɢ
һ֣컨׹
ˡ̾Ϣ
һħʦҲס
׹ŵâ˵ռ֮ʱĶشСĹ
ڵĹȻС౶ͬٸˣԼҪϲ١
һӿ޳֣סһ̣üȫԣֻĬĬž׷𱱵龰

һնݳ
κӲӣճﲢ⣬ΪŮ˺ӵơԼ䵱ʿפصķλ
˰ӣ᲻Ԫݣʮ⼯һâ֮£ûзƣֱ֮䡣
ֻճ𻨣һ׹ѣȫûǵƣˡ
ճһľһ֣е췣֮۾Ϊ֮һ٣Ȼֹͣ㼯ٶȣӻ֮á
ĪǣⶫҲųǣ֪ɱֶ治ɣ
˰ӿ鶴֮еıԴأճ΢΢һ֡
Ȼʱͺܿԣˡ
Ǵֶγ췣֮۳֮ǰͳ׵춨ʤɱ֮췣ӳԼ˼롣
ĺܲ춼·
ճ̧ȥͼǰϹʮɳɰҪĳ棬ҩؼҽõصķλ
ӣҲн죿ˣϹɡ
ｿһŹ⣬
ǧٵɫӰ˵һͳڶʣХ졣
ҪһɽǧױĽϮ
ҩؼҽҲͬʱ֣ȫǿĹֶΡ
λħʦҲ࣬ոӿƲ󺣰ܼ֮С
߱ٹ˲ʲôʮħ󷨣ܲƵѪǣȻըѿȴǱԼ޵İɰ
һǿķɨＸ˽Ҳò˱ܡ
ֻһƵӰؼɣᣬٲ˿ͣһ˳ȥ
ոһɣͼǰӰ˸âۣһֻȭͷڸأ

һԹͲʲԸ׳־δֱ
һȴȫȭͷ㡣



1558 նɱ£
ռһ𣬾ݳɺɫնٻΪ߲ʺ⡣
ߵԪʱ׻֮УҲûгŹһϢȭлΪԪ
׹֡
һΣճûж˵ϻûＸʲô˫ȴϵۡ
һ߹Ȼλ³ɺӿûԼɽţҲûôҪ֣Ժ޹˼ɵչʾԼĽ
ҩؼҽùҲǿᣬԼ٣ǵԶߣҲܼһᣬﵣġ
ֻйȫ
ѾܵشԪ˵ĶûеڶַӣֻԱ
ȫʢʱ򣬶ʱ֮ڶòʱĻٶ
û󻹸һɱ
վǱһᣬճ̤ڶ֮̾׷ߣһȭû֡
ʱճڣǾų۳ֻһȭͰλħʦ촷ۣһᶼû
ĬȻۼپۼҪ䣬ȴͻȻһͣڰ׷ĴתתҲĶ
ľĴ֮У췣֮ǿŶһ룬صһըɺƴԪš
ȴճƺˣһȭ֮ٲɣɢȥȫѪϢ
ϢȻ䣬ȥȻ֪ʦ˻ҪһЩ
ճ֮˴£ȫ̫˼췣ۣ֮ʵΪתΪ
ȻֻתɣθŹ̫ѾһЩαװϢεֵСɡ
Ǳ任ΣıϢֱ籾һ㡣
ҲΪδ׹ЧֻܲţҲ׹ĴܣΪӳսսκ¶ܶһ˲š
ԣĸںħĹԡ
ȻǿĹҲȫܵģһЩȱݣ·ٶ̫Զ̹̫ȡ
Ҳûа취飬ֻܵȵԺ󣬿ܲѰһЩˡ
ȻһЩȱݣⷽ磬ճľתȫһBUG
ɽȫ޽Ϊĸ˱޳ֵıϾɽһڣ׷ľǹųһ򷨡
򷨶ˣǻʲôҪȥһЩŹŹֵֹŷأˣҲ̸̫
٣𽣷·̽Ҫǳࡣ
ˣֺĽǿƣǺް취ƫƫճľתȻ缫ƷЩˡ
վԭöԷһܿƤ
ֱӷϵ˽ɵ̣ռҲȻ
ɽûã֮ʱ䡢ռ֮෨˷û˭޵زͺˡ
˵ΣȻճд⡣
˴󲿷Ϣ׵ľƭ췣ۣ֮Ѷ
˴γֵ췣ۣ֮һλҪ
ϴζԸ˵ʱ췣֮ҲٻѰһͶȹ٣粢ҲԸΥʿڣҲǸĿֻ꣬ɢ
ô˵췣ֻ֮һֳͷƣܲ̫࣬߱Ϊж˾ͺðˡ
ճʧϺâڳ׷
ĵʵϽһֱŴ˷磬ˣԼôαװִУܿóġ
һʱɱףܻķԼܷ
Ͳˡ
ͬһĳͷܶһΣܶΡ

ϫ֣ƬմɵĺһɨգΣççɽ»ָ
Ҷȸ޿ߣϲ
ܾһ䣬ͱð͡
ֱ仯ֻ֮䡣
ǶüɹһЩǰ̨ɹɽ㶼˺һ
һᣬЩŵһǡӮˣ
Ӯˡ
ʮϰʿЦȺɽ
û뵽汻ˡһ磬ôһüͷ
һֱĵȻҲάֲס
޷ǰĽԤ֮⣬ʦü˵˵̫һ
ԼΪ糤ü˵˵ò˵һֳش
ǸҲɵ¶һʧѹ
Ϊ̨ɵ𣬶ΪЩȻĵԼƿء
䣬üǰ·ηҲ
š
һ΢΢֮䣬ͷһůתͷһͼЩĵ˹
㷽ɸ裬Ȼ˼޶֮ˣһĻʶ˼
е˼Ҳף˵۷ʲôľҽ㹲ͬе
һ̾˿ЦЦúܺãʥ֮ƣʥˣҲ⡣ѱ䣬Ǿ͸ӦҪīس¹棬뷨ɡ
šɷ˵ʲô˼صĵ˵ͷ
˶֪Щ飬ѾԭĹ켣ٲͬ䣬Ӧܻܿᵼ¾޴
ȻǾֻˣ취еõô
ס
ǣԪˡ
б䡣
źͷɴƵʱ򣬾һƬ
׹ݡ÷ʦȫŸɫʮ־ʡڸϣççʱȻһٻơ
û뵽һۣбʰ
һһֻһ˵ǹ棬ˣȻһֱڵ£һֱȵϢһ̲ŷ̰
ԣǶؽħͷһֱųԪ񷨽ڵػɵطζҪ辶ɻЩŤˣȻЯ˴Ķס
ݡ
ôļһ
ĶҲȴٸ˶ҪСĶԴĶǧɳȻ𣬹Ūֱֶ
ϢһܰѶüɾӪϣκʱҪǿƾĵȻ֪ʶ鱨ԸŸɸзָƵı졣
ǿǣ²ӣʱ㿴˭õʲôֶΡ
֮󣬹ûԼʼį±֮ڣͲ֪Ϊλ̨ɶ֣ģӦҪԸΡ
ʦɱ飬ҪΪյͽܱأϴγ̽ûڽεֵúôǲ̫ģһֱԿӡʱ׼ˣ͹ϳˡϼʦ̫Ȼ˵


1559 Īϣ
ԹͽεЩԹϼʦ̫֪ñ˭Ҫ
ʱһԿš
ƺƿΣգ׹ݾ
ĿоһЦ޷ȥ̨;Уȥǳüʦ档
˻á
볤һĿתĿŸûǰȥħ
һúԶʱȻֶߣҪϵһԭͲΪ˵ˡ
ֻҪܱ֤ƺƵİǫ̈̄ܲӦλȹٵħͷ˵ʵڵģûһ˻ϡ
Щˣ˵ڰڴһЩʲô
һεϮʵ̫ˣǾѣҲûа취
Ǹޱȣܹ۰ԪЩüˣҲû˸ҴƱԼܷԱħˣѾƴҪ֡
ʵϣճ߼ٵΣջδƽϢѪ»ָ˹ģֻϰ۳ֵ𣬲֤ոմսļҡ
˻У˶ӿǰϲء
ϲˣϲѣ̨ô˴˾ڽգʵĽְ֪ʦЦǺǵǰ
ֹˣžĵڣЮսʤ̨֮ɱ𵱳ȫʢ֮ʱҪǿϲ٣ǰԶ󰡡
иʦ䵱ɸˡ
ĽлһЩϲ
̨ȣ䵱ʵҲòȥͬǴèСèֻѾʿ뵽޵ķˣûбԭ򣬶ΪԴʦǰ֮ؾѲȫûз
ȻҲûгֶˡ
˰᱾ˣɶҲҪһ㣬οӡ
һûжķȻ޷յ̫ĵӡ
һղһգ˥ȥҲ
غ䵱ɸ˵أԪеһЩĹ鸽̨ɵɢޣҲ˵컰
ô˵춨̨һսҲǲμˡ
ܳѣûнѫܲսһԺҲܵ
Щɢ˵ܵǿɻһ˵飬˵ľԺԵõͳҹС
̨Ҫ֦ɢҶչǿЩ˶Ȼǽˮ¥̨еõһЩô
Ц֮ȴһźӰϸ
һݲϵĹͷˡ
һ⣬Сĳţ¶Ц⡣
Сӿµ벻ϷȻûж֡
ҲҺûʱ֣ǶطڻǳҲһƵСӵǹŹˣϴμ֮ʱԶԶûǿᣬ췣֮ۡ
ֱԵĹӦҲǴ۸߰ʱر֣Ϣ˥䣬ؾһ̡ˣǿԵ˴뱲ӣͷҪͷ㱨Ҳ˰ɡ
Ӱϸ֮ʣûκζ·˾Ӱռ֮ڣʱռ϶֮Уûоŵһֻϡ
ֻкۼ
֮伱ĻԪûԾࡣ
һ󣬹沢ġ
ո췣֮۳ʧԪӿɽбЩ̫һЩԪıǨôġ
Σʦһʮʧܣ˵ľǵڴΪͽЦ绨ü͸ϲ⣬Ĺ
ǵ̨ɣҲû֮ʦֻ֪ӦҲϲɡ
Ļ͸ο⡣
ճܸоõȻһЩ֮⡣
һ̨̣ɵδִٲ㡣
ԪΪȻһЩ
ֻҪǱȥò̫ã޹Ұ֮£Ҫ׷ɶϵΪ¡
ǵԪ㶼ѾԲԷﵽһߵĲΣʱܴﵽٲΣɷ١
ҲҪﵽһˡ
ʦ۹ߡճȤ
ʦңյͽҲ˰ɣǰסܣҲǳ˺ܴġҩ̽СԴЦŵ
ţ㣬ҩѾͷһЩҲܶһˣʱݿɽǱҲû˿ˣȥŰɡ
ҪʦΪǳΡҩɫһ࣬æҡ˫֣ҵĿʦ֡
ɽɽƲǱ߾ͻΪԺΪٵԭ֮˵Ȼɽߺá
⻹ǴҪģҪٲʦÿһ飬ǲǲܡ

ȫЦؼҽöһۣղȫҩѾͷС˼Ҳա
غǰȥҩɽǱߣүһȥغòã
⡭Ǹ
ҩһʱ֪֨֨ôػˣһΣҲ̲סЦһɵѾͷ
ǲҪôԶʰսƷռݣµΪáճż˿ЦҲɣͻȻͼǰơϲһα
ŮȫǴ㵣һ˿壬
Сģ



1560 Ī£
ݷճĿӹһ˿ĪЦ⣺Ҿ˵üôðҪĵսԭǴűıϡһΣգǱδҲӦԶݶȥ
ǵˡüɶԼһЩ֮ģǶսŷЩѾҪ
ҪԼʾճǺġ
ٴ⡣
ȻǿȻԪûиӦȴҲԤϵġ
ΣӦʵܣֵ̫ߣҲɱԼ֪ȻҪԭʵԼûΣ
Ҳ˵һε͵Ϯ֪ǲ֪˲Լ
Դ˵棬˼ӣճһֱŶԷܻǰ֣пܵʵС
ճһֱûȫֻ֣һҪնԷ
ֱóų췣ۣ֮ûǸħͷӰһΪԼˡ
û뵽ϮٵʱȻǴȫʤ֮
ѵҵСǿȾͻ࣬ս״̬ѹ
ճȻʧЦ
Ҳ֣תܰ˱̬ǿڴ˷֮ǴδֹģԷдҲ
һ˵뷨УԪƴҪʱ֮ڴﵽ˼ĲΣ϶̫ࡣ
صĲľѪ
ոʹùǿľУȻȴһʱò
ңȡʤһ̣Ҳɵʱ
͵Ϯᡣ
һƬЦ֮Уơ˺ߣξѾȥ
ǰͼһĳҹɫһ˿һɳ֮۴ġ
ζ˻Σֱоʹ
̫ǿң˶ʱ֮ڣľﶼƺʧȥɫ
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ǻӰֻһ֣Բ֮ڵĲľɽʯȫÿ£һɢɻҽ
һζо꽹ʣԪҡΣ̲ס¶ɫ
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ýҲҪǷӦվ̫ǵӰ˻һ㣬Ѿ˵˼ת
ʵϣĹǾܷӦҲǵסġ
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ճǸһĨЦδڵļ棬ͻأֳ˿ѪƣԪ΢΢һͳһ޴Ӱ
Ӱβ֣ǰ˫֣˫ߣ˫
ǵӰո˵ճıһ䣬âת䣬ͻȻסͣڰգâӰ֮Уŭİ
жֻΪҽĳ沢δ֣ǻҫУ֮¶һͷϵļһȫǾȡ
ô£Ҷˣסˡеĵֻͣһ˲䣬ʧ
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ۻٶͣزţ˵˺ǰĵˣʱʲô¶ˡ
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ͼڣԶʮͼڣֻλ

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ǱΪλ̨ʦֵף췣Ѿĵɴʱȴǳ˸
סҷųһ𽣣նȼķ𣿡һһʣҡҡͷ
Ͳ˼ǰ龰Ѿ֤һС
ĵĶǧ֮ãһսԵ֮һֱֱɱԷϳնɱҲóͬھֶ
ǼɱҪ棬ڴ˶Ĺ֮£Ҳһܱ֤Լû
˵ˣͲսģʵǹΪһӦպ٣ʱͨá
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ʱ֪ΪΣȻǫ́ɵӣ
óѹ׵ֶιһ󱲵Ҳˣʵ̫ѾЩƽ⣬Ҳ޿ɺǣֵ˴¡
ǣó˷ǳֶΣȻûá
ػ˻˵˴زԺ֮Уֲ
䣬顣ȫǾ壬޹ġ
оԼǧѪĥ߷֮еԪҲͼڿɣԪӡһһεԼƿأδһ
ˣ
ճתϺâָ̧ţǰסĻӰһץһա
ϵĵɫͼھӰҲͬĶ
ɽźţΪץȡĶ
ۡ
ͬ𱻴ڹУǵӰһըԭسһϸ΢̡
޾طĸֱӿͷڴء桢ʱյ֪ԭһЩ⡣
ճĲгϻâнâԽԽֻƬظ̧ȥܿؼϸ΢µķơ
ÿһ仨һݡһƺ̵ĵ
ʶ֮ÿһԪ飬ڼ跢仯Գһ㣬һΪΪģķΪˡ
ӣҲһſӡˮ㣬ƴ׳
ãεĺô̫ˣȻΪͼڣҲһֱŵƣ˴ʱŽ¶
תıġô֮вɼõĶ𹥻ңϺͼڣ͵»ص⵹ˡ


1561 δѣϣ
תһתһͼڣճʵͲµϹŴѼħѪΪԵطս
ͻתϹѪٶϹƣΪ̫࣬һӾͳ嵽תɵĵز⵱Ȼ£ǿ˭ԸС
ҲΪ̫ǿˣƽʱͲҰ߷£תͼھþδɡ
ճѾϣˣֻܼԺһӸ߼磬ܳԼתըʱת˼£ȻȻľͼƳͼ֮
ոչͻȻ͵ϮõĸǵĶҲ֪һͼڼĻƣȻͼɾͰѶԷĶ
ԻתԲһ˹ķԪӡȻ߷עԪӡ̫࣬еĸȴǹ潫ǧ֪ʶջ޷
Щ֪ʶճԴ˷صķ֪һ̨ףԺԪӿࡣ
Ԫݻǣ˼նĵˣȴǲŹҹ
ճн˸ţ̧ͷͿԶͬһɽ壬һ飬سɴһ㣬ֱֱԽɾ룬һ̤Ϣɽ֮ǰнɫ޽¡¡ʮӴЮŷ¡
һ⽣Ӱڽ潫δ֮ʱƿռ䣬£ܳʮ֮ңңңΣһҷҼסˡ
еӱӣ
ճЩź̾һվԪΪ׷ȶȹ׽ٵϹв
ȻжңһԼ¶̾ԶҲ̫СĽ˰ɡ
ճЩˣֵˣʵʩ
˶õ˹涾һЩԪӡ䣬ճоһڤڤӦӦһͬԴֵͬϢһǱϢҲţаûڣѹвᣬʹޡ
붼룬ҲǾǹıˡ
Ǽһʵϼ޻ǰΪ͵ϮжһʧҲԾûѼһȻԶ
ǿӣǽӦɡ
Ӧû뵽ԼԤıѾõ͵ϮֺЩʣһʱԶ룬Ҳճҵ׷
ϧǣѵûᣬճûаסֻ̤Ƕ̾죬ʱ;룬˼һӵԶˣеٶһ̾û˰취
У̰̫ˣնݲֻǧϼһҪһӴСڶԪѾ̲ݻԪѾǣǵõٵɵķ֪ϣ򣬴Ӷ֮Ԫ񷽲ܻԾʽչ
ճվڽ״ɽ֮ǰϺ⽥ƽһƬȻѱ峹գ̧ͷһоԼЩˡ
бһһӡ飬Ҳ¶ԼԸֻˡ
ҩ˴ʱŻعոշƣǰı仯ƽϢ͵Ϯĵˣ׷һ㣬ۻҡ
ɣճ࣬ȴǲҿоǾ޴ͼڻͽͷţһּƣֻǿԪЩʹˡ
ʵΡ
û£ʦġ
ճЦЦＸ˵ĲȻԼĶ𹥻֮ʱͼڻͷ϶ء
ȫûиоģԼѾˣͼڻأڿвɢҲ̫ˡ
աճƣһѪӿ
סղճһݣ̧ͷȥͼǰβ֣ǰ˫֣˫ߵѾ
ﻹʲôͼڣ
۾һڸ֮ϵһŰ£ɫӺִһЩεŮˣһ˫ӿ˹ﲨǺӡ
䡭
֮ǳζתţ󺣾ˣһ̣ɾ޷Ϊƽأ󺣸ɺԣɽ
ʱ⣬һӹճͷֻʣһƬհף˻Σʲô벻ʲô
ֻŮ˵ǳֱֱԼĵףһ˿Ӳȥı
Σôˣ
ʦ֣Ǹոˡ
ү
ճعֻ·ãҲ·ֻһСᣬΧҩؼҽüˣȫʮֵĵķԼ
ͼڡճһ̾͸Ӧڵ֮µѪɫ磬жһ˿
üͷǰͼֻȻҲֵܸоȴҪˣļ٣ȴƺܹԪɳ
ǸŮ˭ֻǿһۣǿǿһ㡣
ճһ²⣬ѹͷļ¶ҲȥֻͣЦŵû£û׷Ϲ汾Щʧˡ
ŵˡҩؿڣ˿һΪħͷĹ˵ʦأˣ´ǿһЩȥѡ
ԣüһʱûĵϹ͵ϮٵŵĶӣ㻹ʲôİ߰ɣҲ˴ɽȫռˣһϲ
˵ŻԶơڼϻ
ǰΣЯŵԶȴǶԶʱ˻üʲô뷨Ҳȥˡ
ȷϲ¡
ճ΢΢Цӭǰȥ



1562 δѣ£
³̧ͷ
ϴģůĴѾһЩ⡣
ɽһ˿ѩѾɽ;ףǰЩӵһսನѾɢ޻صԼأɽߴߴĽţҲ֪ܿ
СôҲôǲǵΣա
һЩɽޣһ˿ԣȴܷʱɽѾ˺ܴĲͬ
ʦ㣬ǻҪڴ˰æû˵ʲôʱԻȥææµµװɽҩˣֻоЩ롣
ϾԼɣԼȻδܵԶǾùֵֹġ
ȻһЦôʦˣ᲻ĳˣΪɽϵ˭˳ˣ
Ϲ˵ưʦһۣСǽԴӰǰսһ֮󣬾δ˵ڱչأȫӸɹúҩѾͷˡ͵ʱˣҲ֣Ҳ֪æЩʲôҪӭ̫Ϊ顣
ðɣˣȥæɣ״飬˵ɽ̨¿ɣǰǰأҲҪԵ
ԭˡʲô޶۵ӣֻı仯Щ벻ͨ͸ѡ
ǰľ棬ȻǶüɺ̨Ϣ֮ģҪ˰
ü˶ҪɽϲȻõ̬ȡ
һǳ϶ԷɣһȻԼûͼͬԸаħ

һˡλѣ룡̨ɣдܣ֡
ſˣ롭
ʱ֣üһйȻŵء
Ҳ֪ǲһսϢ˳ȥӽճʱĩʼ˷ʿ
һΣͲȫɢˣŸŴɵĸˡ
ǰ̨ɵһЩŸɮҲɽˡ
ȫһź̸۵ƺͽ鲻Ƶġ
ǰ׹ݺ÷ˣȴǰʱڴ֮ʱճ֣ʱʱ˵һЩеȤ¡ԼϺ׮׮ţճҲòһ
ЩϺĴԼʦһЩΡ
ȻĻ㡣
ʱй˷ʱ
һЦ绨ֽԱ᷿ȵòУƽһ㣬Ա߻Ųϼʦ̫ʦʦ㣬̸֮пޱȡ
ҩСѾͷؼҽõˣҲüһЩΧ̽
ⳡ䣬һֱʱ䣬λͲ½½ĸȥ
Ҳһ쿪ʼ̨ڴ֣֮ȻԾɱȲ϶üɵȴ½ţΪһĴɡ
¸ʦɵĵӣɽŶˡ
ֵǣƺƲ֪ôģȻɽʱʱĻյճߣ˵Ҫֽ̽ʱ̸һЩ£ǽ

˶Ѯճİ񽻸ؼҽϣҩһԸǳԼżͽܡ
Խɢˣ˼һħɽԪ񣬾յѰԼͽ裬߿ܾɫǳŷѡ
Ů˸оǰһѾʧȥǰĶ
ΪңڣαԿࣿ
ţԭ
ҲЩճȻҲûĽɣҸĽɡ
ʲôʲôʱɻúܣճǡ
û˻ǧ꣬Żһ췣
ӽԺ޿Ҳܻǧ¡
ȻǰᣬöɹɷٺԪ٣Ϊ̫ѵһ顣
ɽƲûɳҩȥأƽʮŵǿճ˼Ǹϼ꣬ͻһפء
Ϊɽأž޴ĵԴҲһЩͲҵ
֮ҲóԷҲܣҪҩıȸϣЩҪǮ
ԣܶķ̿
ɽؽƽƹţݳǵؽзԪƿţȫչúܲ
һЩǳҲ̨ӽפɳһЩ
ɽ̨ŵѾͻǧ֮࣬ŵҲʮǴŵѡԲĽΣ½ɽʼõŮӣǴӴ¶ɢˡ
ճȻʲô˶´淨ֻѡһЩƷԺǱġʵпɵ̫ģͳΪ̨ɿ䣬Ϊȣ׸Դͽ̵
ȻЩֻһʼճ֪ʱķչֻҪ̨ûʲôȥĴΣ϶ԽԽʢġ
˵׷϶üɵǰ̨ǿԤ
ɽΪ֮ɽĵٶȶ࣬ճ֮ʱҲźܴô
Ԫÿһ춼ڽ
Դ˹һЩӡ֮ճƬطʶǰ¶ͬ￴һȴϸ·
ÿһ춼ܸӦΪоԪ׳

ů֮Уһɫȼ̣ľţճϥһܵԪıͳʵ¶Цݡ
ĵȻһѹֶüЩӶ̶ܻ֮üźܴϵÿһڶͬʵʰԪԪ׳żô
̾һоͳһӨӨı
顣
Ҳ˼ڶԪʱˣʱѾࡣҵ辶ͻƣٵöɹɷ٣ȫԪתΪܾͶɵڶԪ١ڵĻӦҲˣץʱͻƣѹ泹׸ɵǲġ
һΣ͵ϮʧܷһȻܵüңǣȫˡ˵ԷһΪû̫ܵӰ죬ȻٵĽޣĸ֡
ֻҪһлᣬͺпճʵܣǹں
˲һ̨ʦֵֻҪӻˣû̫ͻʱǲ̨жԡ
ȴǲͬ
µͽʦճǧĵػҲճ¡֮ôҲܻġ
ճҲûԷһ㡣
ճһֱ̨ҲûʲôƾǿһЩҲܺݺݴȥ
Լ֪Լ飬Լһ뿪һֱ
ȵ뿪̨֮ô죿
ҩؼҽõôסħͷĺ֣
ȻˣͱһԪˣڶԸ֮ʱϴóԼ뿪֮ش˷硢ˣԪ񣬻߻ֵӵһЩˡ
ڴӴ˽ճȴûҩ˽üɵķͨ˭֪ȥϽ᲻ܵơ
ܹ磬ĴѰһԵճţԼһԽԽǿֱƿظʱգʱЩ˵ķⶼ⡣


1563 ͷϣ
˿ǰŵ飬ճһһУƵ嶾ɽ͵С
ұ۽ᣬִһӶ¡
ء
һХ𣬽նһϸϸߣǰռ䶼նϸ΢
أ
ն֮ϣâĽһ˿Ѫ֡
ֻնƿһӣû˵ͷҶѾķԪҲѪˡնϣҵǿû˵ˣԼκβá
תת֮ճѾǿ󵽿ԶϱȻϱ֮Ҫһʱ䣬ҲҪһЩҩ¡
˹ܣնֱ֮УڶԪ
һڶԪͻӵоתʵôͷҲԪսǿࡣ
ǣʱüƷɽȻնԼֱۣճЩЦá
̫ǿҲ̫㰡
ĳһ˵뷨ʵҲûûȫתѪ֮ʱ廹ҪһЩġ
ճվƽϢȫתԪ֮зʣڲϢһķϯȥ
ݷ嶥ڷԲʮﷶΧһ磬Ԫӿţճչڵĺůۡ
ɽҲ𵭵ɫᰣͬӹ麣ɽ
ķԪ壬ԪٿγһնҾû취ˡ
ʱճҰͬͿһᣬұѾֵøȲˣǸɿݲ԰ףֱЩή
Ҳ룬һն¡
һξͲͬˣɽԪת˫˫ؼӳ֣ٿԶ֮ϣһ졣
ۡ
һ
ɽææµµڵӿͷһЩΪһЩĸ˫ȷһƨϣֻо
תͷȥǺڽűչصĵطŻȻһʲôأд˶Ҳ֡
塢غ̲ɽ϶Ž
غལ⻮һһȦȦˣԼҽǻ״Ȧֻ˫ͣͻȻ죬һţɢҡ
һˣ˶үҪ𣿡
ӦǰɣҲ֪ʲôʽùӵ֮ҾͼүܲģҵƵķš
һֻܵĸ֣ʵҲΪ塣غЦֻҪүɽһգԶҲҹ£
²ɽϰü壬ԶҲ֪Щʲô
ڵԼ԰жŵĲˮһ𣬲򷭡
׸Ӧһ£ûʲôΣգЦЦҩ㲻һ쵽ϲʦֵôܵʦѾ̲ʲôˡ
ôᣬʦǿʤʦֲ֪ٱءҩСЦ˵ɵĸһ衣
Ŷԭ˳ӦǱչϰʲôķɣˡһ֣һСͽģԼƨ֪ԹأԹʦֲ棿
ԼյλͽʲôãһʵֱĪ⣬Ҳ֪ôģ
Ҳһ㲻̫ãᾭԵıչأǼææģƺʲôں׷һ˷һʱ䡣
ʵ￴֮·ʮֿʱ̱һңһֱȥġ
οֻжʮ꣬Ѿ¶ˮƽʲôأ
Ҳ֪ʲôĽȸУ
ţʦ˵ˣʼǸ취ԸûмҪ飬Ҫȥšҩ˹죬æ״
һ仰û˵ʦΪؼҽöÿ˵ɫԣҿǸľͷ̫ˡ
УƺüӱŶһʱ䣬ɴʦҲ֪ʲô˼һԣԹԵıžޣѾһʱˡ
̾һЩźֲ֪ΪЩģΪֹͣġͽܡ̨ɲܰ޺֮ǡ

һն䣬էй
ճֻԼԪȫӳĽ棬ͬһɽ֮ϣǿ̶Ӳޱȣڣڻǿˡ
ɫѪһһηɽͣڰգڳһţϵȻɢӴϢ
ʱ⣬ЩԼ֮ʱεľˡ
ʹϱ۴Ĵ룬ۿɼٶһ
ճ˲£һӦѪҺһͳһУɳһҩݣ˲֥ڣȫǼΪѵõƷࡣ
һֻƿ֮зɳɫճҺ壬ֱС
Ƕüһĺ˵ǲʯ飬ܲǿǣ̥֮ǡ
ȻճЩƽӪƷοյʱݲͬ˰ͽš
ܵǿҩֻ֧֣ʮʱ䣬ֱѾá
ȭͷָǰûֻ̫³ֱ΢΢Щͣġ
ֻҪһʱ䣬ԼӻͿȫָ
ز˵Ҳûʲôˡ
ճɣԼ౻ȡߣҲһǲ֪Դ飬᲻ٳһţ
뵽־úЦĵ˿ԴӦûǻչֻתѣתѪ硣
ԣ˾תӦúʲôܴԼˡ



1564 ͷ£
ճָĬնϵۣΪһ̯ɫˮȪһӿ顣
ӨӨýƣӳݻԻ͡
յڶԪļԷԪγ˵ʵϻԪսʵ鱾ԼԪٿء
ճȴʧȥԼƣͺĿԼֱۣԴΪٷָԪ񡭡
ڶԪҲӵмǿսϾ䱾ϻת
ȻһڶԪٲתȡýĵزڴ˷ҲѾ㹻Եˡ
ǧŽɫӡԲȥ˵һӴŹâ
ӯӯ֮УһһĿʼΣԭسһһģһȻ۾΢΢һЦϾͶһԪɵ
ճһۣͻȻͬʱЦ
ϱ۲ͬԪֻҪƼ䣬ӡɣǶǸӹ
ճԪû𺦡
һظܣճǰ˷Щͬ
ǰķӷֿһʵֹֻͣǰǺ㶨ģԵЩ塣
ǰڶԪȴǳһ鶯֮⣬ԪңӦÿʱÿ̶ڻС
Ȼǿ湦ճﻶϲ
һӽն˹ȥХ֮УĺӰӲһϽ⣬϶һۣת۾ʧ
ãҲתΣȻûתɣҲתСˣǼ˵ɱĵػ𹥻Ҳ𻵡ǿѾ㿰ʹá
Թ˷ճ⣬ĻԪ໥ӡ֤ͬʱ˼췴Ӧ
ǰЩɵһЩԪԼٶš
ڶԪٶȱԪȻҪ࣬ѵΪ鱾ıߵԵʣ˵ܵӰ
ˣһ߶ˡ
ճһЩ룬Լʵܵųġ
Խǵ˸߲Խõ
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ճ֮ͨΪ˰ʦüֱռ˽ε˼·Ȼû
ǣڤڤ֮Уչ黹Щģǵ˷Ԫ֮Լôڼһɴһ㣬ط⼫Ϊѡ
˵תﵽ˽缫£ӶԪӦûԪٶȿ޷ݣܿڶʱ֮ھʹﵽͬȼز
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˹ǰͨ澭ǰӡУۼ֪ʶѾ㹻ٶȴ⡣
ʱžȵķ֣ŵڶԪɾͣԺ֣̻ͬţͷж
벻ףһЩһһεȫǰ
һס
ճһ͸оԼĳĪķӦơ
֮Щ΢仯ͷŭż˶ͬʱһּӵصӿֱ֣߻һС
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ɷ٣ҾȻѾﵽٵĲΣԪתΪѾת֮͸ôһȴٳδԭΪ鱻ɱ˰ڲų׺俪˸Ĥƭأ

ЦһڶԪâͶʶ̰Ʈӡ
͵˺ɽɽ֮ϡ
ոͼҩؼҽõ˽ĸ˹
ôҪأʲô׼ûа󷨡ҩ
֡
ҩҪˡ
ӻһСᦣæֳᦣʵڶס˾ͱܿ
ҲѹǽЩʿаգ׼ͷЩ׼ϰʱ䣬ΪԵĶԸ
Ȼճʵǿ󣬵֮ʱɲô򵥣֮ÿ˵ʵԶѶȡ
Ҳ˵˭ǲܻʮܣһ
ǳӣսʤԭԼ
ںںڣƬɽ·ĺɫ֮С
ԶԶȥǿӰľﷶΧ޾ȫ
һӴɽķХɽѹīһɷţŭﲨ
һȥĩ١
ộճһݣҲΪＸΪλ˷Ӧ
֮Ĳ𣿻һ˼Ǿ֮࣬ˣûҵԸңڵڳԸ
ֻĻȴǲ
Զ㣬ûµġճЦЦҲļ˻᲻ܵ
˹ЩһֻҪδ˵ĽǴ򲻵Լġ
Ԫ񻹲ٻһЩ룬ᱻҩؼҽã͸õˣԪ׶ζԶԶδﵽֻҪ㿪û¡
ȻɵƫҪ˵ԼǾҲûþȣֻҪǰþ˵ɷͻΪɻҡ
ҧҧһ䣬ͰѼ˾סԶԶ뿪еΣ֪Ϲŵ·Ԫ˫٣ʵ̫ΣˡеĻͷɣӡշԪ٣ǲҪӲźòã
֪ˣûµġճһůЦŵ˵ͷ
̧ͷ߿գĮϽš
Ѿߣƺʲôŭһ㣬һֻϢ
ճķ֣Ϣ췣֮۳֮ʱʮơ


1565 Ԫϣ
Դ̨֮󣬸տʼǼ죬ЩȻװһƵᣬôһ¡
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ǽ֮ʲô¶ûУƫƫһ֮ʲô˵ء
ջǣԼдŻȥѯĸʲôʱɽõĻŶǲһᡣ
еʲôʵͲȥ£š
Уÿ￴ԼǹֵֹģֺƢӣ϶ЩҲסˡ
Ҳûջտ֮ҲˣҲ˼ɽˣԼ˸룬ˡԣֻҪһʦֵУͻǰȥֽ̽Ϊʲôġ
ѧȺ󣬴ΪȣһЩֲǶ˵顣
һת
֣Լͣ͵Ľе·ӭ
һ£˸ţҲ̫Ļˡ
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̨ڵӵĻ˵ǣüλʦΧŴʦ֣һҡ
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ҩСĻ˵ǣüЩƤˣʦ֡
ⲻǵ˵ġ
ѾͷҲǿ̱ӣҴСܺãֻˣɽ´ʲôóԵĺܲһݡ
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ǲܰ˵ţͰһء
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ҩƶ黹ʮֲޣΪֻҪŬһúУܿͿԳԷһνûԷ
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ǰҸ˵ҿҪֹ⻯ӰżһֱŸ򣬿ɾǿסˡ
ƺܲ˼Ц
ǲҪ˼ңʦãҲ֪֮˱չغҪģʱʹƿͻƣʱڶ򡭡ȥϵĻ㽭ʦºҲܵűϾܽǽѾǺܴˣܿ
Ʒ²豭˵
֪ʦ㣬ⲻһû˵Ҫȥ˵ҲûָʲôĽ֪ʶֻǸǱȻȻУΪʲôЧأ
洫һ仰˵ȫɫ
ڶüһԿţԼλʾƽĽʦ㡣
صĸʦãǧѻԵԵҿ˵˵ƺȵǰɸֱָĽݾ
ôãһһ㶵ģֻоԼΪͽһǧĽţȻϲȴҲûп̫ء
ҩȽܴʮУûԪһܴϰжܣ𣿡ЦŵҸ㣬Ҵӽֹ⻯Ӱ˶ʮʱ䣬ô룿

ȫȻ
ţʵڴ¶ʱˮƽʱԼڶ̶䣬˵زѿ԰ٳԽͬʦúܶˡ
ҲΪԼʣͬ˵УϺѰ֣Ҳߵԭڡ
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ҩƽȻ֪ģ˼ʱ⣬һ궼ȴһˡ
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˵ͻȻ
ʲ𣿻˵СԴȱ
Ͳܡ
ΪŮüʢĴʦ㣬ôȱи
˶ʮȡõĽԼô̶һʱʹﵽˣѾʵĲˣѹʦ˵ǻԵ
֮صʲôʣǴУǻԵ
ֻҪֶɵķţСӣҲп¡
˵ŻͻȻɫȻ৵վ˭Ľ
ɷ纣һ¾ͱð
Ҳ룬ֻ˵һߣʦãȥ
±ƣļʶȻȲƣȴҲʦϼʦ̫һЩʣʱǴʦɫпĲѰʵϣҲɫڵ̫Źˡ
ǵڼ٣Ūþĩһ㣬ȷ٣췣
˳ԺӣͼɽƬط˸ɫХѹ¡
ԽԽۣ֮ʱͬʵʣɫڡ
Ϲī֭һǺһ㣬ͬһطص˻
¼й񳱡
ڶɽ١
˱ǰ͸оȫХ̵ԪζԱԶԶվżӰҩؼҽüˡ
ɷģһӰϽ棬һѱɫâû

ص׽٣Ҳ˴̰ɡ
һȫᵽɤۣǴӳ˵ĵУǴϿ֪ʶУǶδŹ˻ɷ١



1566 Ԫ£
ܲ
ճҲڰֹɫأȴûʲô⣬һЩ
ִſԵ֪ʿĽǽѣǻʱԽǼѣɹ֮õĺôҲԽ࣬Ͳ֪˷ػˣ
ǵģֻΪ֪ԼʲôĹֻԪ٣ôõŬòתɵľתǰ׷ѣ
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Ȼ΢Щճǰٻһġ
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׻ԼֱȾ̵ֻӦҲ̫в
ո뵽ճ͸оһѪҺЩ̣žǳԽ޵飬ÿһϸÿһֹѪţëϸܽ澹Ʋ赲ֺ
ƤĤ㣬Ѫ⣬ÿһ˿ϸСԪ
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Ԫÿһӡɫ紩͸ͷԶԺ
ļһԽԽֽϵʪֻۣ֮һӡ
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ճҴƱδķ磬Ѫϸ΢ϸΣܴԪ֮Сһ룬ֱԴҪԼͬı䡣
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ݲԪ񣬻ԻЧٶֵΣܿûٸˡ
вɵֵĽһʲôѾˡڻ˯֮ʱճһжԪĹǣֻϸϸ˼ţѾĳЩ
ˣһֱΪԼ޵УûκζԴƣҾ޴ͬʱҲޱ԰νһҶĿ̩ɽκʱ򣬶ó衣ѾȴԼһ·̵ĲʲôʲôԪ񣬶
һ̣ճʱԼСʱǿԪҲûУʱȴһֱԼĳһվ۷壬
һһţΪţ
꾯ǿıһĶǹģҲоƬģԭС
Ǵʮһͥʼ΢ĴһȡӪɳġ
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΢ɲ죬žʹŹâ
һƬˮĹâȻ֣ȻůХ磬īɷȫס˷ҫ
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ûûɹˡһУϲָھڣתͷ޵һӱļŮ˸е
Ƴһֻоͷκģæץסʦõĸ첲ò׻
ʵҲ֪ԼոΪʲôôǣƺʧȥʲôҪҪĶһЩˡ
ҩˣǸ˵ˣҧӣסŪɷ֮ȥ
ֻСڵأʱˮȫȻϵĻҳиոյʧ̬
ǰôһ̣ĿɷеĽʦȫڻɷĩƤǹܽ⣬Ԫɢ걻ɢ
һУĵķǰƫƫԼΪ˾Ǿ
һɾ޴ıӿͷԪѿǵĶˡ
ǰԪʦķѣԼίȫҲûҰ
ֻľȻվվúȣסҩʵû֪ϵԪѽɢҲһ̣ͻԪѪή
оͻȴƫƫȥֹƺҲá
ǰһ⣬ɷ֮УͻȻͳ仨Ƕ䣬ɲǻǵأճķ
ƵľϲУ仯ϸСιӰžͳ⣬ٵΣһۡ
ûнâҫۣҲû컨׹ӿ
޾ɷһͬٴ麣һ㣬ȫǾİӰһգȫҫɽɽһƬ͡
ոշһֻλá
ĿɿڴǰһĻȫ벻ס
ͶɹȥˣոյΣѵǼࣿ
ȻǼࡣ
ճ΢΢һЦӦԼԪֻñǰںϣѾһΡ
ҲֳʲôԪҲתԪѪ⣬ѪԪһ䣬ȺɽС
ûӳȭͷܸӦʱ˿̣֮һĤš
ֻҪ㹻ֱ˺硣
˵ǰԪӡˮΣʱӿһССĺ岼ھ޴ʶ֮䣬ǿա
ֻ΢΢񣬰֮һɽױɢɻҽ̣ƽأδڹɽ롣
һתʮ纣˿ƮһҴܡ
ɽӴ˷ľճϲʦǲŪˣֻ˵һ٣ôǶ׽һˣоȼ˵ԪҪǿ󡣡
ﾪδŭ˭֪ʲôţؽҲͬˡ
оһ˫͵֣ȻƽԪϸ΢ѺۣŸոձɢԪɫ±ݹ
ܵЩ̫ҿԼͽǿƽû¾ͺã´οɲҪŪգôһȫָء
֪ˣʦճЦҲֻתͷƣãǶüϢΪͨӦ֪ڰɣ
֪ʦҪѰа𣿡һħͷóصϳҲӪͷץġ


1567 أϣ
һƬƽҰ֮У󽭴ӵټĴɽ뿴Ҳû̫
ǧ罣ĲԻɫɽ£ֻſݰľԼϡϡݡ
Ƭ﷽Բ类չһ
ʵϣﵱȻûбգֻȴŴ̱ǵζҲʮָҰʲô̡
ɽŵһʵĻʯɽɽһ޴󶴿ߣꪴͬ󸫿֡Ҷħ뢹涴ˡ
Ϊص׶ϲɷ﷽ԲĴϣԭסľ񣬱ɷͻǣδ꣬ͿѪ
ģҲ֪Ͳסˣʹ硣
ĳҶȻǿŵģֻһЩСÿɨţˣʱһʱصصס
ڹǧľӪ£ƬɽѾڳһ޴ֱͨص
һ޴Ŀռ䣬ܿ⡭
ҽӿȣŨ̹һϪӵ˷ֱ֪ͨԶ
ҫ촿ɫâ¶Ǹߵ޷ĵز
һͷҽ룬ǰŹǸɼȥһ̾ͻữɻҷɣ㲻ճɻңҲᱻҲ֣سظ˿ҲûУƺͲ˴Ļӡ
ǹ棬ʧ˷֮ʮ־壬ӵ˳Ҷѡ¶ִ֮ҲҴţֱӶ㵽˵ص
ţڵصսûκһ˸ҸԼƴɱ
ǶԷʵ̫ǿһˣҲҪԳҽڣ˳źֱԶݡ
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˴˴ħͷ԰һЩ
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ЩɷѱǵػɷһţҲܲ˰ҲԹˣһЩɷʮħɷǴ飬ùһħɷ֮󣬻˰ҲǴˡ
ӳüɣǳü˵ĵӣĻԹߣѳɰ¡
¶Զü˵ܴ裬Թ˵ȴǳ⡣
ǿˣشȴܴļһ˭֪ʲôʱֱԼʦ
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ԣͽ˶ԷʮɷħԷԼط
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ǿºֲԼ١
ʵ֤ȱݲôøĽģƷҲ˴ݻˡ
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ڶɹٵϹνķôһ£ȫûôأ޷Ǵһȥһ߲ѡ
Ͷüɣõͨ˽ȥֻҪҲܡ
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ԼãѪ죬ЩԳɵļһ˲ֱѹĻôܻԼ
СôģӦͬͬԴӦͬһ巨ţǵػ˵壬СϪ󺣣˶û
ȥ벻ͨ͸ʮֱԼѪʹ˱٣ֺۡ
κβ㣬ͻĻҵݻںһЩˡǿܵסҰѾ˼ɽٵں˵ȫ֮һ棬ܻġ
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ָҽһָһźںɫĻ汻ģ״Ԫ֮ѹ
ҽ籼ӿˣȫ֮Уҽ֮Ҳʱ䰫˰ߡ
ѴСɫӣЦһҪɽһݻ٣սС赲͵ôӵصֱɷٵüʮ죬ػֻ飬ɾ׵öˡֻϧһ˴ҵѨҲãҪѰ
ʦʦ
һθߴ׺ͷײĴ󺺳˽
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ֻϻӿĺˮԲõƬҽϣ˵ЩԳˡ
ޣҲ˵ˣ֮ʱʲô
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Ǻһ¹ڵأĵʦͽ򲻸ţʵǳҶţȻ⡣
˭ջѹһݣһˣ
ķ˿ͨ˴ҽͨԶʵ
ҪɱԼֵвסһ֮䣬Ϳɽͨ뿪˭Ҳס
ǣŮģԶ嶥°̨ƺᡣ
泤һ
ԭᣬùü֮£ǰ϶лԡˣֻһˣ꼲ҴģϲŰɡ



1568 أ£
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ô»Ҫ̣һƺһڸߴϡ
ʦ
޽˰ڿնصһͷɳߣݺݵײͨʯ֮ϣһѪ
ضȥúÿңرҪעǲһ˴ɽٴ⡣

һᣬòͷˣʮֹȻ˿Թ⡣
¡
ʵϣڳҶЩľʦ汻˷ӻضЩоˡ
ټüɸ˳֣ľһСı
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뿪ҶȥἹԼңӣֲ̫ҡ
ɲǺƢˣʦֻΪΥ⣬ˣѹ಻ԡ
ͽܸ֮󣬹ٴר飬ڸᣬ붼û롣
ͬΪҸˣ˭֪˭ĵϸ
ùԼ˲ֹһҲûʲô˵ڷ棬ȴǺһ֡
ǳѴƣǼ÷ɶݵķһƲԶǧ׷ϴ
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ֻҪ˲ҽԼĵػ𶴿ߣôžͿţҲû̫˿֮ãҲûٵһë
ĸҽ˴ҽǿԼ⣬
ǼˣҲȫˣա

ʱճӦԼɽֵ֮ÿĵǣһβԪóڶԪҲǸˮǴߣ˱ԵĽ
ҲܿڶԪĺô
뱾ԪһĶ塣
ֻҪκһõ̾ͬ
ʱѾ˽⣬ںɽ֮ϣʱ;޴ΰʮɣʱС΢һ㣬һֻϻС
Ⲣʲô仯֮ѹϲ䣬ʵҲû
һ׹ɽɣӦͿӰڡ
ɹɷ֮󣬵õĺôʵ̫ˣҲ̫Σˡ
һΣճ֪Լû٣ʱͨ͸ףԼߵĵ·ٷ·뵱Ȼȥ̽
ɷٳ֮ʱȷûгأʲô͵ɷɾʹ
ͬһ͵Ľܿǧ򱶣ЩԼɷ٣Ԫɽ١
ѵ˾ת֮󣬾㲻˴ҲҪն
һĹ⣬ӲԴԪ¾ѾǷ紵ɢɷڻ
ȻɹĺôҲǼӡ֤Σ֮вŻһɡ
ȻǿᣬȴϹѪݱɣǿǿˣȴ֪Ȼ֪Ȼ֪Ϊʲôǿ
Щϸ΢ǿףҲݲ˵ġ
˵ʮֻó֡
ʱĹ־üǿԪΪǵͬʱܷӵѾʮʮ
ÿһëԽŲ߽ϸ뼯ϣӼϸ΢ƿסСҲͳһ򵥵顣
ֵÿĵǣԪ֪ģɷ֮оȻͬʣǰԪתתԪһ
ǰֻǱϵתԶᣬƭˡ
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ٻŮ̶ֱͨͨأ黤壬ȼǧԴˣһδԽͨͻᱻȫ飬Σꡣ
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ʱֻתתûУԪΪҲֻǸոմﵽף֮ڵʵúֹǧ
ڵΪתԪͨԽǿԽǲƽԭ˵ȼǧˣȼյԴ˶̫ա
пܻᱻʱͨѹ
ԣתûõģƭƭƭʱա
ȴǲͬˣϲķ֣Լھɷ֮ԪѾϱһ
ʵԪ񣬵ǣʹԪʹһԪֻȵļǿһ㣬ȴܱȼǿʮ
ָоԼɳһȭܴʱոĤֱӳ֮ͨУʱ˺Լ
̫ˡ
ԪͬʻԽͲ̫ΣգԪĸ꣬ҵʵΪǿһЩ꣬Яʵһ磬ʿЩ߽׵аġ
ճ֪ԼֺôжʱǸžˡ
żаĽɣЩаֻͨٻʵҲֻ׷룬һֻܽĽ׻
ôԴѪ⣬վǲ١
Լһȴǿʵ٣ƣȫס
תΪδ˵ֻֻһεȫȥ棿ңԪΪҲһֱû̫͹Źˡ
УҲͬˣõڷʱڣʱս죬ǵ˺֪ȥʵȻ͸֮ʱ࡭
ɼҸˣЩĴҲһȥԪľô
Щǿᣬ׽µĴãʱʱı˳˵ʲôͨȫ֪ףΪûС
ֻһζĳ׶ݣһСľ͵˱˵Ĵ֡ǹʱʱĻţǱѹ
Ҳǲѡ



1569 Ϯϣ
һЩĲ֪ٵĴź񻰴ͷӹճһҲû˼ˡ
Щ鲻벻֪һͺɭɭ
ͻȻһĶͷ΢΢Щջλˣֻ˱ս죬ȴûע⵽λļһʵһֱûжɽٵġ
ʱʦĵɷʮ䣬Ҳ˵ˣʵǶ־ѵĸһ˾ԵԴڡ
ôǲǣɷ仯ս۰ͷûаͷģǲԪеļһһ֣Ǿڡ㡯ǡɡ
ٺͶɽһ֮вɾʹˡ
ɹˣ͵õسϣҲʸõغôӶõϿɣǶȥˣʼȡǿȻ죬ȴҪŸء
ôȻˣ֮ͬʱս֮ԪʿҪǿࣻһѣʲô֪ءЩȫûе¡
ôЩħ񣬻ʿǲЩȱ㣬ǾǲȥԪ񣬺ܿܲ˴޲ˣǲޣǺܼѡ
ѣõѡ
ضȥˣҪ־ϣһء
һ綼һܲǵ顣
Ϊĳż޵ģǿҲ̫ܳص
ĶǾ٣ðɣƴ㣬סͻôҲ͸ˣסҲ־̫ĺݡ
һزҶɽ٣Ԫò˾ֻרˡ
ǴٻС٣ÿһηſɹĻԪʿҪǧ򱶣ܻܲȫһ
Լ֤֮£Ҳƺ֤һ㡭
ǰĶɽ٣ԼС֮ʱĶ࣬츳겻һԪĹ⣬ͳԪ
һ֡
ÿһζеġ
ȻѾɹɷ٣عͷٶһΣԼȻûаտԶɵùȥ
ЩʦŴеߣȻֵܴĶˣЩ֪ʶԶʱǳʶҲֻԼɵĲ֪Ͱѽһ¡
ţȻǿѾǸоವġ
ҲҺ֪η˽֮󣬾Ȼ˺ôõڤڤ֮е컯ԪԪ񣬾ԺԪΪٲҲֵˡֻҪܴ磬پԲսߵĸ綼һ֣ǰǰ㣬İֻܱĽ꣬Ϊôͷ̫ˡ
ͷ˼·
һһιؼ㣬ڹҲýˡ
ΪֱָϹߣ֮ԻԪ񲻵óʵǵ·ѡ⡣
ҲǣԪʱ򣬽ٶ˷ָĳ׶Σ򲻵
˼أлɵľ͸̫ǿģȴǸоɣ±룬й
ķźܴĹϵ
ճת֮ǰãԪǺɣûȱĽ޲ȥ
ȵתɾ֮󣬾ͷԪΪֻɱһɲˮǴߵЩƽٶȲô
ʱͷ߹ĵ·ôһ¡
Ԫʿǽ޻ǷޣչҪһֱԺء
ٹȡͷ¶ʳ̻粻ԪԪ岻Ⱦ
׮׮ʵΪԪøϡ
ͬʣԪ޷ֱ𣬻Ϊ壬Ԫ֮
Ҫһ֡
ճת֮ʱʲôأ
ϹѪȡԣҪɷ֮
ѾǡƽѪٽһܳΪ顢ɣ䱾ȴϣǸɷ֮ϡ
ƮݣذԵ
Ҳ·ķֱ
ػԪӶֳǣҲָ£ֻһ档һʿȥѧԪ񹦷Ȼôô˳ˡ
ң츳Ծˣճ㣬תˣӲĴﵽԪٵľ磬ҴԼܳܵĴ٣һСľ
Ⲣʲôö֮ģֻɷ֮ײԪɵĺ
ͬЩ̫ԪʿħͷܻѶȹΪմȾԩѪɷ֮
ƽǲʲôѴ֮ʱҪһŹء
ֻմȾѪɷ֮ͻΪѣЩƾѪ׳ԼߣҲֻּܷȼΣյĵ·ˣ򣬲
ԪҲûʲô˵ġ
Ҳһߵĵز
Ʋɼã߶Ҫ̫ҰҲá
ճԳҡҡͷﵹһ룬Ҳæ顣
ԪǿѾȼˣƶٶȱ֮ǰ֪Ҫǿ϶٣תԲԪ©ɢٸˣҲ̫ܲԼ쳣
۾ʶɨţҲֻᵱƽƽһͨˡ
زȻнҲʱȥѰһѰĻˡ
һΣҿ㻹ôӣ

ճվڻʯɽţĿԶͼƬĻţụ̂һЩСﶼûУ﷽Բڵɷòľѡ
˰ɣħͷҲѡط˵ɷأħӦúа
ĸ˵ԭҲɽˮ㣬Ϻ԰ֻڹռ֮󣬻һձһոԶӣճƬƬȥʼЩ꣬Щ᲻뿪аĶˣľˡ
̾Ϣ
ճͷȻԭˣ˵Щаħģ֮ԱΪħͷΪк㶼ޱһӵħͷ˽ѣǱȽϻԾۡѪħ˸ǲ˵ˡ
˵İɽڣΪѪʵ飬ŪĴǶѪɷʱʱ׽ɽֳޡ
Ѫħ֮ıѪ⡣
Щն֮صİҲ˵ˡ
üĴɱħͷҲһйµ顣
ֻȻΪħͷͲô򵥾ܶԸ˵ġ
һɱöԷ޿ӣǻ鷳
ƵöԷĴҴܣŻͽţֻҪһɽͽΧҲаǣƵҪ塣
ˣãζлǶüɣҿ꼴ʦӰˣȥϰɡ
˵ŻճתʦҲ֪ı㣬Ϊʮֽȥ˶ˣܿܣͲøȥ˰ɡ
ҪСģħͷӪϳվãȻֶΣǧ⡣



1570 Ϯ£
ʵҲû̫ൣģֻΪһڣԼͽܵ״ﵽʲôΪˡ
ֻ˵ǿǿ
ڴгɰܣ˵ΣȴûС
ǵľǹ汻ƵĴݣǱʱǲöԸ
ţ
ճ΢΢һЦλ˻ξʧԭء
ԶԶţͼһϸСĽؼɣӰһ㣬ʧ
ܰñϻСٶȻһ㶼СĿĿӰˣ⹦۲úܡﾪ̾Ц
˵۲ĻȴЦеģȻûж㼵ʡ
ɹþͲȥѧָʵ˴˵ȹݺҲǵС
˵ˣǲƪ벻ţգûġһƣ˵֪üӦˡ
һѾѹ£ǿĹѧǻˣûжüʲôˡ
Ͻ糤ҲһܿסսΧ
ȻϽȻΪС¾½磬ֵ̫߲ãüҲûб˵ͳ
ճû˵ٻ˸Լݣת̵ܽĻֵýһ̡
ЩôѧģԼһתţҲİ֮£Žӵġ
ЩڣֱӶñԴУ˶û취
أֱӰ꣬˵ֹòϣϣҲɵġ
ȥĿԼȼֱͻƣ˿ɹȼգ
Ҫ֪ⶫÿģֲʵܲٿԼģû취Ʊ˼ˣѾΧ
ưһ֪һʧֻӵųҶ򣺡Ҳ֪ʲô취ù޿ӣֻƾٶȣƺ׷϶ְ
ǰҲܺ棡ҲǾ۾ĵȴţַٶȣӦúܿҪˡ
ԼͽҲʲôظӣȻ͵Ϯ
ܺá

Ůһ԰ֹţһ಻Զɽ֮ȴ֮ϣǰһȦ⡣ܿβɽ壬ܿĳҶڡ
ĸҲֻܿôˡ
ڶķ飬ᷨҲǿġ
ΪػŹԪӳֶǿӲĴȥܿӡ
ٶ̫ˣ̫壬ᣬ֪ε𣿡׹̲סҲֻһֻǵ;ٿӰˡ
ҶȻƽ˾
Ȼճת棬Ϊ˱ݾߣüòҪɳǰ򣬹ܸӦΣʹߡ׹ݻ̲סͷ棬ڸ˹
ʵ뷨Ҫ۲һĳλʦֵֶΡ
δ֪ǿֲģһжҲеס
ȻĶų̈ɹϵпɣƵͬˣ˭ұ֤Ժ󲻻ᷢʲô⡣
ԣ֪֪ǺҪһ顣
ףоϽѾ˶Ϊλһɽϸ
ģ
üë壬һָãһƬӳ׹ڿˣڰһ΢ϸСĵâ
üһߵǰҲְܷʶҲӦ⾿ʲô˹졣
һĻ׹´ݣǶԷֶԼĻ治֪ôӦ
˭ע⵽һۼɲĳңûʲôǿϢ
㤵ǣΪԼĿ⿴˹ȥǵ㵭ƺ˸Ӧһ
ðɣʱ֪Էڰ֮УȴҲˡ
ѲԺһɨʱ̹עţ
⵱Ȼһʵʵ顣
ӲΪУ
̾һӰһ䣬ּ𳤵ҶȥϸŰơ
ǵöԷ
ʵϣ߻֮أԷӶԷܲòġ
¡¡
˸˼Եʱ򣬰׹ɫͻȻ䡣
Ӧ΢΢ҡԼڵɽ壬֪ģƬĻʯɽȫЩѾ
ˣǻڿжʲôʱ־͵˵صף
׹ݸҿ϶Լĸоûге
תͷͼҲʧ˴ݣҲЩԼ۾ѸӰԶȫǲ˼顣

ճȻִɱҲûҪŶüɡ
Щֶα¶ʵŸá
ϾǰЩյϢԿüɵȷǱӣ˵ֱһ㣬Ǿصǡ
˷綼˼ɵĺ̨ƿˣҪô졣
ͨ澡ããʱ֮޽ֱӷȥʧ·һ³
Ƕ֮У˼ҪԸԼĻԴͨϽ罵٣Щ̫ðˡ
Ҫüɳ˺һĻܾ˵һ顣
˷Ҳ󣬶üʱû̫θڣ̨ܴеõôΪͬˣ£һˣҲǿ㹻ˡ
ճԴ£֤ԼԴҲ谭˶üɴ֮ƣ˫кô
ȻҲܱ֤ԺĶüɲ˼
ԣճͲչ¶һ±¡߶ԷֻҪ΢֮УԶԸκһˡ
ŸģùԹϾһһֱͷпɲôܡ
һ壬ܱ֤ͬˣҲܱ֤飬һЩĶ

춴һȻֻ֣һ־ƷХţǰ壬Ƭռȫ
糱ӿңĴӵḷ́˿ȫֹ
ڹУͼǰһֻƵȭͷߣһɱסԼ
һ֮ϣҲоһ䣬Ԫл
ôܣ
ϻƳγֳһ˿塣
ⳤҶȻȴʵ󷨣֮ͨе󣬶󣬶мǾŻ󡣡
ǣ󷨴ʱȫδ
ǣԼɹ׽ٵǿʶʱضֶʾһֻӷɹҲܱǹĸʱȴû˿֮
ôǱ뵽ҵߵģ
ʯ֮䣬ЩѾ飬һȭֱⷽȫƣҲû˿֮ġ
ָ΢΢мСȻ顣
䡭
纣һ˷һںڻ佫ֻһ͵ȭͷ֮ϡźȻըȭĿռһ˿ɶ
ƺһԼھˡԪ𵴣ѪӰһͳ뽦ɸ˳ҽ֮У׼õһֱȥ



1571 ɱϣ
ô󶯾ɽ嶼ˣܱħӵһΣ´θҵ
ԶߴɵĻʯɽ쳾׹̾һ
ǰɹٵĵɣȻôɱռϷ磬Ҫġ
һӾǰĸӾȦ΢΢Ž⣬Ҳ˷ŵĻ֮ȻĶǱȰ׹ݸһЩ
ħҲǹݹϣԼҿľӪϳ˵پͻ٣ΣӳɷףƢԼը
ϱòͣȴ΢΢Щ⡣
׹žЩͬܡ
ʵڳŹı˵ãǸ̾ŶԷĩ·
ǰˣǰɳ̲ϣ־ôһ뷨
һɹٵĵɼ֣һ󱲱ƵǱЩδɹ٣δɹһٵǰ뷨
ףȻΪֱڵص׿·⡭СӡüĽһ˫Ŀɵϴ
ΪԼΪߣѾûʲôֵ𾪣ʱȴЩԼ۾
ɽ£ɫЩǣƺһ߳ɺޣħӵˣôȴǲҪһ棬ʲôֶζʹǡ
Ҳأֵıǵɷס߽һ׼񣬾ݼأαΧʱֱӷᣬԼӳ죬ü˵ǰ޲ߡ
С䡱
һ۽罦ʮɣɵţЩ
ƺȻûĻۣƾ˿켣ƶϳսĳֻǴӵըһùܲ뵽صսο͡
Ի׿ըٶʮš
֪Լͽܲ׷
ʿ֪϶ǹˡ
ˣ
Ȼû׷ϡ
һЦ̶ڼУͼϺںƵĸӰڼԶһֱɸ졣
ѳĿЦԹ֮⡣
һ¾ͳȥһû֣ħͷԸ񣬹ƻ񱨸
ΣǺǿᣬȻֱƿص׷ᣬϷʮ˿ŵɷײܰɡ
Цţ˵档ܺɫţ﷽Բռȫһ𣬾ͳһõĴ߷࣬кںȫɷ
׹һһȥԶˡ
ЩĹԼϰ˵ػɷ֮ܲΪֱĶ֣ǿըҲһЩ˺ȵ׷ٸһºݵģȻͿݡ
ϴõػϾֶΣԼֵİ߽òú󱲸Сˡ
Ǿ׽֮ԪԲԻΪʵʣƿ﷽ԲһԪԷˮһ㡣
ӡУ̨ɵĺֻǿԪΪƺǿֻҪԼСģսڲ֮ء
ǽ࣡
ţʯ׷ɣһɫӰֱȴɫճ
ЩϼһˣܶԱ˺ݣԼݡ
˭ǸϣԼըġ
ը˶֣ҲҪĶ֣˸һ㡣
صҺ֧ڶ࣬ȻķȴŶԷƨɺȥӾ֮Уֱǿ壬ٳ˫ΪУһ·
֮ʯɷۡ
Ϊٶһ㣬Ǳħͷӳ˵档
ոճصףӭľǺںľ޴ͷ˻ɶɷ纣ȷ˱ǣзŵĳҶϢʴڻɺɫҺΡ
⣬ֻǶԷȥ֮ʱһ
ЦŻӳһֱͣͣԶݣճһ㷴ᡣ
Ӳ˵ġ
ճҧϼһ̫ƻˣԼɹɷ٣Ϊ֮׷ɱ򣬸ûа취׷
ûǿ˻ҧİߣһΣͱʮɸߣȫŴĿ⡣
ºݺһֻ̤һײ
ۡһ죬﷽Բռȫѿߴɵɽ壬ɾ޴֮ײʯ飬ĵ
εصİ߷Ӧɢ»ָֻһں콻ķȥ
󾪣һָ⴩ռ䣬ߣһɫֱʣһ£Ҳҳˡ
׼ôˡ
˵ԼĹûдﵽǵȲΣɱϾǶɹ٣Ԫؽ֮ڣɱġ
ڵԼֹһĽޣѹԵƣǣĽһ֣ͷһɾ޴󲻿赲ѹԪ֮ϣͬ޴бƿסԪȫʧ˲ٿء
ʲôûжãСһǰ壬ͬɽ
ֶ֮ȫϣʲôʲôɷֽͬһ㣬ûһв
ǽľˣ¡¡ȵõضɽҡ׷ٶҲ˷ָ
ԼԪҪ϶١
ͣ£ɱҵ˴ӶԸ
ǧ޵ĽޣȻо壬ȴû־ٲףֻר롣



1572 ɱ£
׷ˡ
̾һ֪һź
׹ҲĬĬͷ
ǵںɫӰӺͽ޴Ӱһǰһصףڼ̵ʱ֮ײһȻںɫӰԶݣٶȿ쵽˴˷ļޣԼȥ׷Ҳ׷ϵġ
ţ
ʼˣȻý
׹ʮ־еǿơ
ȷǽ׷ں󷽱ԽԽԶľ޴ƺЩʵĺݺݻӳһȭ
ǻΪֻĳλʦķй֮٣ȴһȭȭǰͳһɲơ
ƴݵٶֻһͳǰɶݵĺں콣Ӱ֮ϡ
ʹһ弡΢΢һ𣬾صһըѪڼХ֮УǱںâ鵭ӰӲţٶȸ֡
Ű·ԶһȭҲ̫˰ɡ
׹ȫ⡣
ðɣҲҪˡ
ǿóʱԷǲѾ壬߷޺壬ִ˵еķ岢˼ɾͣǳѴ˷ȥܳɾ͵ġ
ҺãֻԺǧ̫Ҫ뿪һԶ̫Σա
ﰵ
ǣǰ׹ݣҲЩˣħͷ飬Ԫѣʱ˵͵͵һ
̫ҪҪܹħӹһ
ոתͷ۾ٵԲ
⣡
嶾ɽ
ˣǰڰӰ
Իͽɫ̶ХţԦ˰ն䡭
Щ״ˡ
оԼôЩķȫ֪޵ʵ̫⡣
׹ݸľԭأ૵ǵڶԪ񡭡
ɹñЩʧ䣬Ϊδ߲վδȫԺ̨ɿе÷
ûݵǣоͼһӵйĽ⣬ն
ռҺɨռ䶼ն鿪
εնҼġһ𣬺ݺݵĴһͼǷڵİƲ֮УֳֽİӰ
䣬ɱⰻȻ
Ŵͣһʱ˳ǰлѹȥ׷ɱħһ׷׷ʹһǰػͷͬͬ⣬ǰҲݶԷѡ
˻ţں콣ݼ
Ԫܳһ޴
⧲֮ܵӭһһ˿㱣˵˱Ƚ龰
ֻһзһȴȫûԤϡ
һҪǿͬɱֱĵס
Ҳûа뷨
ֻӡ
ͺں콣ֻ΢΢һײ
ĽѵɳȥȫסӿȵԪ񱻴һն̱ɢǧǡ
˷ɶȥ
ֻⱻնƣԪɢ֮ӡɶٶʮֹ
زȵõضɽҡľ޴Ӷ޴ֱָۣһץһǿ֣ǧǾ͵أġ
ճЦһһûӵעڡǰõصףһ˿ѣôܸأ
ۡ
ָһ£ҫâУǹͬʱϨ
һ𡭡
һĶСĹ֣컨׹Ů֡
Ԫӿһɲ˷ɢ俪ȥоһЩůʪ⣬ʯɽ롢ؾϸϸ̲ݼѿ¸ա
صĽ͡
ſдƬشĻϲãճĬĬһ̣ͷԼ鸮бԴ˳صĽɫˮλ֪˰ߣ߽ǻɫĤϢչƺеĹԵ
ʵٽһЩٸһЩӦþܶһЩܿ鶴ʲô
ЩʱᣬǰջҪ
һУʲУһںɫɽƷɽֱ붴֮С
һһɫľ飬ճֻɨһۣͼ
о죬ϼͼôһ飬ǾתϾǰת
һճǰһͼϸС֣óһԾӰƺ赸
á
ճϲסЦȻмоתطû뵽ȴ˷硣ɽٻŮӦĳֹϵֱʱͨطҲй
˷֮࣬Щźźû¾߰˾תĹ־Լ̰Ĳˡ
ոɨɨͷżأֻҪתܱͬƷһ̣ǴɶκβãǶֶ鱦ǶһЩӷķЩв
ֻתˣʵû뵽Ӧ߽ףǱɸһεɱҲɼҷƷҪһΡôһС˾תѹЩԸԪȥרﻹҪʲôѪͿƴˡ
ţ˿ѹͷ¶ʱҲæŸˣҲñ˿Լ˱
߼˹һңңվԶ˫ֺʮʩնɱаħǹϲϲ
񣡡ճЦ
׹ɫͣҲԶԶվţһҾǿЦգ˽ͷ֮ԺȴҶüմˡ
׵ѿˡճãҲλǰԶԼ֮١
Σȴûô˼ɣһܽǰϾȻһ˿˷ܵĺΡ
ճĸ첲⣬оӲȫŤɵһòԩ
ȴûоճжǿֻܵոµճڶԪԱߣͷϸϸţʱʱĻͷճƺڱȽʲô
ãʲôͬ𣿡
ɫ΢ԼҲЩòæЦʵʦ֣һӦĵڶԪɣôСܸоѪҲʮֽأƺ̫ڶԪ񡣡
Ͱ׹һ৵˹
Ҳ֪
ܣճҡͷܸܲ˵ǻϴ󹤷Լ첲ɡ
˵ˣȻüʱͬˣ֮ĹϵҲûõʲôܶгĵز
ЩһֱأŻӰ׹ݵܿˡ
˸Ҳʣת⣬ϲճնħΪ²츣


1573 Ӧԣϣ
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˭дģüûһ֪üҲû˵ֻԵǰԵ⡣
ʵϣӿûһܴ⽣еõôǺ󱲵Ӱһڣĥ־ԼĽ׳
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Ҳǵ곤üʦڡ
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ҫţֳһźڰ׵ۣݹ׾üëֱȧǵĵˡ
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ףӾȻѾˣûжʯϻܱ
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ħͷҲ棬ãõúܡ
һӰһľ֮ӳô˴һ֮Уüƽ͵ԽԽ񡣵󱳸ʰأһɽңңռ䣬Ҳѹľ
΢΢ţԪתץѵõĻľеϢĴ㾭Ѿ޵߾磬ƽʱ޲֮ˡʱɼ㷨ȴĶҡһʱѡ
ѾǴﵽʱݵľ˰ɣ㷨ﵽ㣬ùȥδһѷ飬ȫǰͬ׼ȴǲźԶԶ
˶֪üüʦѹ£սǿķħͷס
֪λ޲ɱ츳ߣΪҲǼߣǶ㼫Ϊͨף˥辡һ֮䡣
֪ԼλʦϽ磬ҲýӣҲڴ˷С΢Ȼ󷨣ʵмˡ
ǵģֻһС硣



1574 Ӧԣ£
ÿ뵽⣬Ȼ΢΢ЩˬҲֻܳϡ
ʦ˵һ֮ɼפƿշߣǾǴ硣Լ磬߾޵Ԫɣ˵ֻһ㣬һصʵ̫Զˡ
ȻֻС磬ֻҪܵõϽӾͺãгһնü֮֮֮һͳںģָڽɣȴﵽɰǧҲʱ䣬Ҳ
ȻҲֻһõ뷨ҲʱԼľȵһ죬Ͳڴ˷磬û뷨Ҳһ
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ţһʱҲ뵢飬һ߾һ͵͵ֻ֮оԪֱǣֻһԪӡѾ׳֮һ
ˣΪֻСҪǽ޳˵֮⣬ҪĵȻ򽣵˴ȲļøҪˡ
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һתֵϵִɲεĴ㣬Ȼ㲻ǽεĸţһ㶼ף֪֪ʲô
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ԣһĳλϷ˼䣬ڸС֮쳾ֻڸб־粻ˣγԽСΡ
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ңнɶֵܹزǵǧ硯ͨĽɲܵôͨĽɣͲϸˣÿһǴ״ӡ
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˷ɽ磬Բ֮ͨ߱ˣôǽμȷǱ֮ˣܽС磬Ǻ
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ܹظţôɼҲ㲻˿켣ܳؼޡҪôǧĽɣҪôǵմӣһ֣ǲ𡣡
һԽԽûףôǲ𣬾˾Щ黹ǵʸģʦǽԪ֮ҲɷǹŹ֣Ȼڵɲξָ⵽Ǻɡ
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Ԫ֮Ԫ񶼻СòȱľԲ˵ˣܹסɲҲܡ
治ɵǴԪ֣ʵ͡
˵ڶԪԼıԪҲԶ˲ȱϲ
ǽΣȴǿԪ֣ƫƫȫﵽ˱缫ޣЩŹˡеĳϲûзá
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ȻĸףҪҸʹпҲֹ⽣ӰɣҲѾҡ⵹ҲˣҸоóһЩƽҲҪǿϼ©֮
˫Ϊ˷ܣʸһʽʵɾ͸һȻĵúܡ
Ҳ˵˵ΪôòദѡΪµĻ᲻еί򸧶ЦֱԵ
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1575 ֻѰϣ
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˵Ǳչսãʵǽڣ˷֮оµľתоʧ
תҪֲ֮ɽ磬֮
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һеһжΪǰλ˹꣬һγŵһ֮ȷ顣
лӨʵû̫ҰģֻһȫȶĻĸоˣλԾǨĹ̸ֵñ׷
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1576 ֻѰ£
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ʵҲԻһЩֱֵӴԽع飬Ӧͼ¼
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˵в࣬ҩҲ͸ѿճûΪǧҩǱȽٵġ

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ȽϰûڶӱȽȣҲûݺݺǰֻ̽вбգɽżš
ʵϣҪһʱ䣬ֱ֮ʱлع顣
һԭû˽꣬ԼԽȥ̫עĿһҪԭҪűڴ˷ʱ򣬰ɽβ


1577 ʮ䣨ϣ
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ﲻֵϧһЩˣſɹ۵ԴԴ
˵ֵָˡ
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ⶫһȻţڤڤ֮лܹӦġ
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ı𼴽뿪ĵڣʮбҪһ·ʽ
ԤƵǣԺĵڶԪԪþʵȴһֱͣڼޣȻʮ㣬ѹ¡
Ҫֻ֪ӣбѹסһ죬Լľתֻתĵģǳǻ˶üɣϽʲôĵͷ֮⣬Ǿкܴ鷳
ֿܲûУûüɽһ̫۵΢˵Ͻı
ˣչʾǿ֮󣬵ڶǻᡣ
˵һӣ棬ô˵ãһ˼Ҳճ֮䣬Ͷüɴùϵɡ
ǰǹŲ´Ьģܴ֣ƺ
ڲͬԼҲ˴ЬģҶˣúúôϵ̸̸ˡ
һҪȥ֮ǰʹõ飬ʵǹԪͻƵ⡣
ճһЩ㡭ֵڶԪʵҪǰԼ뷨Ǵġ
ڶԪȻԪչôͲдԪ·ܾչ
ǰԼѾţ֮նۣŪһϣ뷨Ǻõģ·ȴǴġ
첲ʵԿһѪףΪһ壬սʱɵóԪʱȴŵһԣֻԪ
뵽ճڶԪָһüģͷһԾһŽ׹ı飬ɵı⣬ԭľȻһľȻ
һԾջһ³һŰ꣬ǹ㣬ԭĵڶԪˡ
ûоתĸţһЩǿȻ֮⡣
Ȼˣûһ˿ǰȥüʦܻܿüɵĺΪӡϣ峺ĵӡ
ճһԵӿԪʶһܼɫڰתطϣ
Ͷ֮ϣͨ澭ֻһͷţǰ಻Ķֻһбʡ
ãȻĺӣûɷĸţЧȫһ
ܹС֮ʱ͵õר޵ڶԪı͵ڶһһ˵顣
֮еĵڶԪǻ
ɽȥľתҲЦݡ
ѾڶԪĲ֮ͬˡ
ͬԴͬһ֮⣬ʵѾˣͬͬͬ·
һһҲܵǣ
һΪҪǰڸפ˷ճһֱ֮ΪʵǸڶԪűʵĲͬ
˵Ƿ˵ǻ
ֻûʲôף뱾һ£Ը뷨һģһܶ˼ݹ
ǣȥе˻Ҳͬʱ𡭡һ˵˻Ͳһ壬ڱġ
˵ĳλһ壬ֳܷͬʵķżԭķĺѵðʵϣŵڶԪ浵䣬ָ˺Ԫ񣬺ܸܿ޷ɡ
ճԹˣڶԪ񣬾ֻеڶԪƺڤڤ֮зȣַţֻһΣԼȡûзָԪ񽵵ʵͬ޷



1578 ʮ䣨£
Ҫȥ飬Ӣˡ
ʱ䣬ӦûԵˡ
üɣ̨ȥƣԼԸ
뿪ʱճҲŵлҪȥ̽ġ
ƻ˵СдѰԼ䣬ȷʵѵá
ҪǣСӡܲ
ֻӢŸڶüɽ¸ǡô΢ֱԵȴ̫ˡ
˵üɹϵ㲻ˣ˼עıͽܣЩ̫˼
΢΢Щᣬʱ˵
Ҫһ£˶ɽٵ飬ǰӦؼҽãԼܲԶš
Ҳ֮
ڶ׵Ѩ֮ӣһֱһֱڵʱˣؼҽô˾ͽƽȥһ֮¼Ϊˡ
ǰԼɵס׽٣ǰű˶ףҲɡʵ֤һ̫ˣ¾£ʱףû˼Ҷɹǻýǣҵ
ǰճþǽתƣԼҲµģɷ֮ЩӰѾ̫ȥ١
ȻҲȫûа취
תڷֳư˾һ˵ʵʮ䣬ųٵҵ˽仯ȥ٣᲻پʹɢأ
룬ճô´пΪ
¿׼ڶԪǶϵγɵǣʱûʶפԿΪһ׻߶ƣӦܰﱦ˵һ׽ٵġ
յĻǾͱעתƿ
ôһʮ䵽ôˣ滹һЩϲ̫
ȣ͵ѧôʯͷľСЩûӦ׵ĵһ
ͷβû˾ͽƽȥ˶ɽ٣˾ͽƽΪɥܲû˵Сɢ֮ߵߵģճȥæЩĶԷĻԱƻɽٴ¡
Ͼ˾ͽƽм˶ԷעĽޣĻԼҸ˾ͽƽһֱţӷεܡ
ˡ
Щ鲻ɲ
ʵԭ̫ؼҽúǷСӵ
ɽôԭУŮܱôܵģ
£ȻԼΪˡ˭ԼڴӦأ
βúúãȡһʧ
ճһСݣԪϸϸ̽죬ԣĬĬתתһ΢ԭʧ١
һСݳ֮ϣ磬ҡͷԣ͸Ų
ָо˲һ֣ṹ˼϶Ѿ˱仯ӾƭϢȫˡ
һСݵĿ磬˺ܴͬ
ϣůůģСֻþУ˼룬ҡһܿĺ顣
ˣƭ𣿡ճЩȷ
ûʦ̵ĻˣöԲȫû
ϸϸԼС壬˼ǰɨСݽṹһһԱȷѾһģһ
ע⵽ԼСԱǧǧСӦ紵ڶĻҲûʲô𣬶ǰ͡
Ӧÿ˰ɣûôҲԣתֳʮ䣬һﱾǰڿģֻҪоϣͿġ
ճոԵ֮ģͼһѩ׵Ȼɱ
󣿡
ֻһֻá۾ͬź챦ʯ
ճСݵӽСͼǰͷһ鶯ţʮϰٿСݱ׽Ե
ɣһαֲͱӳԣճЩЦãǰ˹Ҫ죬һ⣬ӳԵ᲻ˣ
⵹һ⣬ճһԡ
ʵϣûлᡣ
ǰһɨճСݣͻȻȫëһ৵ȥ
ճܿǺ챦ʯͫ׷ŵúܴǼΪֵı
ں£ʲôѲɺұСݡ
ոתͷճͼáߴߴŲҪתܣǱ׷һ㡣
ңˣɵӶƭˣƭҵı仯֮⡣
ճһΣ仯ٳһСоôҲûŪë
ֱ仯̫֮죬һ׽٣ô䣬ǽӦûһֱţֱӰɡ뵽Լºڣܰﱦ˶ɽ٣ճЩΪˡ
ǲǱĶ̫СˣѶеǾͱĴֱġճҡһΣתٱ䣬ԭؾͶһƬϡϡһҲۡ
һ󣬾һֻı±æԾʱʱĻҧһЩҶĥݣżѰһȥ＾ĳɹС󡮹ߴߴʮֻĽųʳ
ҧȥϿǳʳ滹һЩġ
ΪճѰһľĵطҲûʲô˼ԣСһûаΣʶԵòֺ
СһɹԲ㣬̧ճ֮ϹŲɹԲ۾¶ϲùâ΢΢һԾ𣬻һߣ˹
ճһϲѲαΪӴԾױ仯һЩԾͳɹˣ
ϲոͼֻһ룬ͻȻȫëβͿҵĻγһԲȦС۾ȫǾ֡
ء
Сһͷײϣ˻ȥžȥ֫鴤ţͷһճ仯Զˡ
ɽ紵ҡڡ
Ƥѻǣһòԣʲôԭءճ仯ԭأЩա


1579 ϣ
תҲдеģʦڣȻһָϾУҪɻʲôʹøܵӦ֣⡣
ʦھ飬ԼҪǿϰٱ
仯֮һЩʿȻСҲĳЩ֮ͫԿƣǣڱ仯߶˵תĲ֮󣬾Ͳͬˡ
þתĶ뱾һģһҲԷֱ棬һʿѿ
ճʵҲؼҽõһԹۿԼϰı仯ëǣ뻹û
һԭԼԪʵѾԶԶʦҩؼҽõˡԼԪһϸϸֱ֮ӦҲֻ֪ԣ֪ﲻԣûôġ
һԭȻΪתԼһˣǳ֮ĵơ
νƣȻü˾˵׽εˣҲҪ͸¶
ؼ価ؾ͵͵ķչʹûûϵֻҪ˵ȥڶ˵ĶУ͸¶Σա
Ķüֻ֪˼ǿ˵ڶԪսƥȴǲȷʲôġǵĺ̨㣬Լ֮˵ݣҲ˿켣֮óһЩǶǵĽۡ
ճܶౣһЩظУͻȫһЩ
ȻԼİΣʵźܴյģ̫ġʧȥ̨֮ݻҵͲһصס
һ챻˿ͨ͸ˣʧ˹˼֮ģ˵ֻһЩǷ
ͳ֮û̫顣
ȻһС磬ûĳЩ˵ԼСһá
ôһ˻ϲ׷ġ
ֻʱ̱Լľǿأܴһве뷨
ҾͲˣͶ˵ı仯Ҳղˣ
Ϣǿ϶ûģճѾȫģСݺƷΧⲨҲһģһӦһ㲻öӿǣСݺûгû
ôӺȲƾζֱ棬ҲƾеĸӦͬ㣬֮ԻẦ£ֻΪһֲ˵ֱ֪ұ仯ֲＫǿΣա
ðɣһҺˣС˵ҾһһҲǿһ㣬һóϣǱʵ𡣡
ǿ󣿡
뵽ǿ⣬ճͷһ仯ɺݺݶ˶֦ҶҡһΡ
ԭˣˡ
û׵ʱֻøޱȣʵֵһᡣ
˵ȻҪСݡκͽṹФͿԵġ
һСݣ˼̤췢ѿήǸСʳʵʳײĶ
ҲһһԷҲɿϣ
һҲǿ˭۸۸ʱʲôҲκζ뷨Ǳʡ
ԼȴһñǿСݣ޾һеӸϾʹشˡ
뵽ճǿһβûٱ仯ֻ֮ⷽеĸоˡ
һ紵Ҷ£ճз˼£ֻԼľľȻһƬ֮С
ȡӪҪ
һɵıԸ𡭡
ϣ紵Ҷճֻͷ㣬һִڴңĵĴͷ
ı仯Ҿʲô޳취ֻأ粻УԶңפʵڵõ룬ʱȫڡͷԲˡ
ճԼжˡ
κһƽ֣ʵҲΰ֮оһ̣ԼƬžôĴ棬Աġ
ƬҲԼ⣬ĸоůֱᱻǻһֱֱġ
ӡͻأľණԭǿԪְԵǿ̻ôԲȻ
ڶԪ߳Ժӣ̧ɽֻôʱޱˣޱá
ҵ磬ؽҲ޷谭Ԫĳɳ
Բʮ֮Ԫȫԣһָӣָӣһ壬ԪңҼԪ
ûڶԪ٣ҵԪϢɱˡֱ񣬷򵽼˵ԪθۼԪǿұҪһˡ
ϰҩ˹Ŀһս߽Щɻ´ճʦ֣ôоƮƮģƺʱҪһ㡣
ţ𻯣ԣоúš
СűӴ˹̰ŽʦֵϢ΢۾СԴҪճĻˡ
ռʦֱ˰ճҩԴſ
ȴڰСԣԺȷǲ
ԶԷȷĵ·
ʦ֡
ҩȡЦһ£תüЦʦп˰ոЩطʹò̫ԲȻǧôҲ۳˿
˵
У㶼ĥ˿ˣǵúúóġճҲԪȡþ޴鼫ãʦС



1580 £
һֻСѰųʳճ仯֮ԡ
ŵļɹС۾¶âҲԾ˹
ɵβ;һƬſ˵չȻ
ճ˼룬ȫ뷨Ϯȫûʲôֻһְݡʵϣݵ뷨ҲûУվԱ߿Լ壬Ҳﲻԡ
СɵժһɹֻСצӽţ껹ҪһᣬƲȡ
𣿡ճһĸоŵһɹζ
СһϷˮǡ
ճЦã仯֮
˲䲻ԭسһꡣ
С۾죬ͻȻһգʱʧɫ֫µ䣬﷢ġߴߴ
ҪϣճЦеץסͷƤŵ棬С󾪿ֵĴӿȥֿЦ
ˡ
ʵоǹ˼֮ճ֪Լı仯֮ɹˣҪֻҪΩΩФǲҪƭˣƭԼԼΪԼһɡ
һ˿أʧľУ˼룬仯Ʒ뷨
ȷʮš
ճӣžͱΪСݣΪľΪʯͷΪ
ֻҪĿ˾ܱ䣬ԪܹԵĶܱ仯硣Ȼûġ
ĶڱΪ
ǰһֻСϣͱ䲻ֻЩؼڻˣֻǴľľģߡ
Ҳǿ֪ȼδԺͻתתȻԳɹ
ţı仯ţճòֺ
߳ӣһɽ¡
ҫ֮£ʻʢ̲ݱҰ
ճ㣬΢΢Щ⣬Ϣһᡣ
һͱһҰ׸ɾĴʯͷҰ֮䣬գϢȻһع
ԶŮӻ˹һ۾µµתü͸ŲӢȴơ
ǰһŽ׳ȹüԶɽº񾲣ơ
ʦ㣬ҩʦõĽƺֽˣոպŽʦȥȽǹ߻롭Ҫȥֽһ£ҸоѾƿֻҪͻ֮󣬾ܼһء
ҩϾ
Ȼʱ䣬ҩƽ֣ǣƽҲûӮ
ܼǵõʦֽǰԷһܵ߳ܣҪӮһβС
Ȼʱֻﲻѣûʲô⡣
ǴŴţŮһЩ顣
ǲȥˣҸоͷЩҡüëɫ
һɣпţʯѵõıˮϴʮָɾƻ˸ɫĴһ̲ݣͷɢ˼֣˸һƨʯͷϡ
ճвûǲ仯֮͸оĴУðɣˣʱʡ
ƣЪЪҸоЩǵ̫ˣΪĽǣôҲġʵֻһ˺úɣгһܿ粻һķ羰ҪûôЭжá
Цһճ仯ĴʯͷϣѽڻסϥͷҲ
ճˣһµҲˣֻЬӶˣ̫ûС
ʦ㣬ҿǿǵ̫ˣ˵òãְʵʦҲ˳ˮ۶ѡ˵
ô˵
ǵ԰ǶüɼʱίԼµӵģȻŲãҲܿ׵ġ
ЦЩ龫֣գ۾㰡ʦ㣬ɲҪƭңýʦֲ᣿
ᡣη˷ۣ֪Щվһʦá
Ǿϲඣʦ⣬Լѡʲôõģýʦֵ»ء
Ѿͷƶ졣۵һЦҲ֪ߵģ˵ڷա
Уʲôų̂Щȫˣ˵ʦ־ںɽһ˲ţźҩʦҲ
˸Ҳ˼󣬺ὣڸźԾı۾ҿʦʹ˰ɣ˵ʵڵģˣʱҲܿóʦ˿̶ˣʱʱĻᰵﲨѵѰ˺ĵ£ϲţαŤŤ󡣡
ȻǺõģΪҲֻܲǵġӣԺʦֲǲ֪ǾǽϢһȻٸͶɲȥҪСô죿ֲľܾ
˵
Ѿ˵ҲԼ£ȷˣҲûʲô˼˵ġ
ư֧°ҲЩµȷЩΪѣʦΨһʵڿտ壬Ԫͻ˷Ԫ龳磬Ҫ˶೤¾ݹǰͬˣǰ·ϧ
һᣬͻȻһİˣʦԸ˵ɵ֮Ҳȶɹ֮޲Ϳˡ
ƴס
ճѪһңάֲס仯֮ԭ
ЦЦòŵǲаʦ㲻֪ʦʲôãǶŮɫŰãͺһڡʱףĥ϶̲סƻǵƣǰãѸĵġ
ʦͺһƣߵҲˡаʦٵòУһ첻һ;ڣʦϲϼ÷Ե֡
Ҫ͵͵İʦȥܲŲ⣬˺ԵͲ̫ˡ
˵ģ⻰Ҳʵ㵽ǲǹң
ƴ󾽣æ֡
ºͣʦøһоʮʲôܽ׽úܡ
ճʱŮ˵󵨣ҪסˣĴʯͷܺĻ
̫ˣԭŮ˽ܳ˵˻𱬵𣿡


1581 ֪ɽлϣ
ƺֹ˺һ˵˻£ֻ鿪һЩ׼ȥ
Žʦûбչأȥһ½ɣʦ˵ˣ̨ɵЩҾͲҪһҪѧɱڵĵ
ơۡһˣҲ˼ҽʦԸ̲УҲɣ˱СһôָǽǰʱǸǵء
ţ⵹ҲǣҲûŵ㣬ٱȽϴ󷽡أѧ˵ҵĽѾˡһ㶣оʮˡ
ûסɽüʦֽö֪õĺô
£˼ҴҵľǰȥҩͲ֪ʦǲ뿪ˣ
ף塢࣬ôʳСȥɽ
ӭײؼҽã֣Цк
塢غ˻ȣƵ˻ɽݷòϼʦ̫ʱܻ˳·ȥһã֮ϵǲ
ʱƻָһؼҽõΪѺͽҲԭ֮нֱӼüɣûʲôִ֮ĵԭ
Ϊ˰ûʲôİС
ƣѧʱҲȥȵģһȽˣһǵʱĽΪȫࡣ
Щ˼Цүһ쵽ںɽ±Ѿʳˣ˵Ϊʱ䲻ʳҲûϵĹҲ١ҽоʽȥ
˵֮ʱ˵ͷ΢΢һǵʵúҸҲ°Ʋ˵ǻ¡
ֻҪÿʣ֦ĩˡ
뵽ԺͻȻһѣҿҪɴģЩȻã̰ȴǲò
ԣɽ±ߣոʦò𣿻˵˺ܶ࡭
ɫһ±ʮ־ʣ뵽һܣͷơ
ͼԼʦҲȡ
ʦֲǰԺҩʦ𣿺ʱȥ˺ɽæʵ
غЦǸڶԪûɣǽʱҲϴıһֱںɽôǸոûţ
áƣҲӿԺյģʮ⡣
ˣôһ㣬ŸүɣԺٳʦõհȥɣýʦֵȼˡǿЦ
һᣬؼҽ뿪ơав
ʲô𣿻Ƕطʱڳʲôȥˣ
뵽
ôͷˣ˵˲õ𣿡˾Ϊʱ򣬾ͼһ껺˽Цůĸؼҽ˵Ż
үǲϧӣΪҪԷҲҪġغ˵
úãǻȥɣѾͻƣ¾㱸϶׵ĸ˶ɽˡ
ճνӹʳУһϢ
ġ
һסĿڣȦˡ
һǵȵ̫ãһֱҲûôʦ˵
˾ͽƽ˷ϵ֮Ҳֻһ࣬þѾǵġ
ǲǵ˾ͽƽǾöȽһˡ
ΪҪԼ٣ҪԪڣȻԪھͻãΪ̫͵ĻæʸҲ
ο˾ͽƽ״̬ôİæǿ׽ȥΪĺ⣬ﲻæỵ¡
ܿܣүֻôһ˵ûа·ϡ
ؼҽȻƽԾܵó谮ܾԼǱ׽ɽǿƳΪҵģλôߡ
ｹŵţȴҲԸȥν¶Լү˼ǲҴߴ١ֻĬĬĵţϣôһ죬ܼǵõ˵Ļ׾ȳຣѳ
û뵽һô졣
ôˣĸ˿Զɹ޳ɵɣǲˣҪѹճ⡣
˭ˣǸˡһۡ
ӣơ
áճӦ£۽һɨͼԶƺŵĿ뿪
Цһеá
ƻһͣ½ŲҲͷʵʦʲô𣿸ոͨһ⣬Ҫȥϸϸ˼
⻰ȻǼٻ
ճ̫ãͿĶˣ֪ѾµԼʱҲڳ
ȿȡģҲˣ˶Ƚһ£ϵһ¹ɣǶ֪׵ĸλѰʱ
õģ̴ŰʦһΣǰԼ飬һֱǢġ
ˡ
ơһļȥճûЦƶƤ
ƮƮĶüӻôһ棬ʵȤúܡ



1582 ֪ɽл£
ˮһƽ羵̿ϴʱû硣
֮ϣ¡¡ĿХгһɫۡ
һֻԾ棬չӣҪƯĶХֻһţֱͦͦĵ亣УҲ¶ͷ
üɵķӦܿ죬ƺĴύ֮
ƵĽ鴫ȥһʱ䣬׹ݾ͵ˡ
ճһӲŸոճ꣬ЩͷǲһֱɽԶ
ճеǰ׹ݣ󻹸ؼҽúƣΪҪչǵٶȣԣճûȫٸ·ʱڹۿʱľɫһĺ顣
Уһ˾͵˶׵
ԶԶľͣ½⡣
ϵأɽȦȦпգܲ
ʱʱľͻһ
Ǿ׵ˣ˻ѡطճüͷ΢΢ü
һ࣬סƵĵ֮ĥľԪҲ֪ôģ
ȻһλѾ棬ҲͲ˵Ļˡ
ĿĵأؼҽӨӨ
мǿʹ
˵ϴԪ񣬹ƴ˼ĥͷһڶɡ
Ͼ˼Ϊӵĩͽ棬Ǳ˹ţȻ˫˫׹밮ӣӴ˶飬һ
Ȼϲʧݵʧŭ϶ٲˡ
ѡһܲص죬˲뿪ֱɽٹΪֹΪãʵҲųͷй޵˼
ң±˰סʹࡢݣ󷨽ơûжɹĻôҲ뿪ġ
ͣա
ճɨѾֵһؿ֮УһŮ˶ʯ̨֮ϡ
ŮɫҰܣʱʱĽüͷƺʹࡣ˷ϸС˿ϾۼһâΪӿָȥܶʼֹЪ
Ԫ֮ԵԼΪ㲵̬żֱׯϣһ
ճȲʡ
ü˰ͽصİţ˹Ȼ
֪Ů˾ؼҽõףˣؼҽõĳ棬Ļ𱬵úܡ
׵Ѳȥ𣿡ճתͷʵ
ϵͲˡ׹¶һ˿ЦһﲻæģţҲˣϵľڵһٹؿڣһ½ʱ̫֮ܿǿ鷳ˡ
û׼ôȽ١
ҲãأٻһЩҪҪȥʶһ¡
ʦֵġӦ͸һЩ֮ɫ
ؼҽ˾Ͳˣ̬һԣͲһеĳȥˡ
ţĲϸһ£ûյĻ취֮˵ΪɣҲȫһЩ˶ɽٵ²ǿһ䣬˻ΣգҲȫ˵ġ
׹ĳĵ
˵ʵճԼ顣
ͷ︴ӵúܡ
ǰλһѹһ֣ʵû취ԸˡΪ˶ü֣֮òĳԹ˱ˣҲӲȴȴУЦӭֺš
˵ǲȻǼٵġ
ʲô취أ
֪Է˶ɽʮҲͦڴ޲ÿüɵʱɨ£ͻ˺ܶ鷳
ƫƫôɣԼʵ⣬һδεȰ˵ԷҪðա
ϵİʵ
ˬ
Ѷ׵Ѳضԣĳзִ硣ճ˰֣׹ľᡣ
ü˵˼һֱúܣͬ˲һͬģʱֻȡҪҲֻưˡ
ֻҪԼһֱǿ󣬶Էٶ˼ٶίҲֻܲڶ
߰ɣãǵΣգҲԲȥ
Žʦ֣ûյ
Ƶǲ⣬һֱ֣ʦЩ档
òܣڵ飬ܹɡ
˵ƶ£ϴζԸ棬ü¶ܹĶסħͷӶӲǶüɶһ顣
λãˣûô
ɽˮֱĳһڶԪ˭֪жֶΣ
ԽԽɲ⡣
ΪԼбҪȥ֤һ漣
ȻԼʵֻǵҪŶԷͬˣָоĺܲ
ճЦЦֱɵС
˸档
׹ݿԷӰûʯ֮䣬ϢľЦЦøһջƵġ
ҵҪô˶ɽ٣


1583 ٣ϣ
Ű׹ݸ뵺󷨽ƺɡ
ճĬĬĸӦһ£֪ʵǾ£׹⣬˵ȷǴֱʣͷãʲôԡ
˵׵Ȼûûҹ£ͣЪʱپͨ׹̫󣬶֮˵ֻЩ鷳޴󰭣Ҳûʶʱʱ̵̿Ķűˡ
ڣ˿˿Ƶ׹Ϫˮһ۵˶֮У˵ԪĥɷԪ֮壬ľ硣

塢غͿ޵øƵģ˵˻С

һϲҲǱ¡
˱ͷʹ޺һӣƽ̧ͷԱվŵİ꣬۾һЦһҸزסҸȴԶԶȲԼŮˣλӦþɱˡ桢ѹüµĽ˽ΰɡ
Сݼĸˡճ²ҵܻסѣñ۸ˡ
ãܺãܻסѣϴ˶ҪϰٱƺʲôʹǼ̹ģ۹ȥ˶꣬Ҳ
˲ɢҷ޶ˣģǰ̽ЩʵҶϾҳ֮࣬ʱ£ҲʹĪ³Ҳԩ
ǣȴƵɵֻأԽȴ̫ˡ˵¶̹Ǻ⡣
ճţЩȻԱ˵һ룬ʵǿúܡ
˵ҲûеֻĺֺһЩѡ
ǧϹ˵ʲô飬ʲôǣȫṇ̀ȫ˼ɵġ
λĩͽܣ߻еϧ֮ģǷ򸾺úõİ׶ͽܱޡ
ң취ֵ˼һԻ֣ԱӦ
Լ˶ɹٳɾ͵ǧĸΪС£Ǿ֮͡
˵ǲԸ
Ϊӣʦ̵׻УǶ棬ü˳ΪЦȻ񼫡
նɱΪѾʦͽˡ
ű˺ؼҽˣ˵һ棬Ҳ˵Ϊü˵˫ԵʣΪĸŮԺü֮;ɵóǱزٵһ
ʮϴģͻ꣬ȻʹޱȣľΪȴҲ࣬Щס
ǰЩӣҴӵܵһЩСŵ˽˵ϢʵǴģĵľǣһ˵ԺΪ谮ܹܲʵҪܼ޶ˣҪ顣
Цû죬ʻ˷ϲ¾ˬܼԼŮֿѰ˺õĹޣź
޻檣ɵŮ˵ʵͲ¡
Ҫ֪ߵһ֮УͽýϣȻ޵֮УС¡
ŮǰĽʦ֣˭˵ǲǵ£
֮ʱ໥֣֮ӡô򵥡
ĸס
ؼҽ˿佱ճŮԺᣬˮ
˵֮ʱӦڳܰݼʱȴֻܹعµǴżιһЩСϢ
ޣط꣬Ӧø˲ŶԣҺ˼ֵƿأʲôޣ
ڱ˵Ůȡ˰һæֱܴ衣
ʲôȫŮ˻ｻףΪ˼˵Ľ֮ףȥֺöüɡ׼ȷ˵ΪֺǵıϽˡ
滹ڣ϶սҲԸŮΪƷİɡţҲԸȽٹȥҲԸ¡
֮ǰķ߿𣬺ų֮ˡ
ϧǣƱǿûа㷢ȨҲ֡
ճҲЩ⣬ʵ˰ŵ˾ͽƽʲôҪôĸȽ٣
²Ҳգֻǲȫ֮еĲ㣬üҲ˲ٽ֪˶߶߶İɣˣҲˣʵȡɵķš
ЩεΪҳβһ壬ոտ֮ʱû˽̵¶ţȻ˾ԼҲЦЩļΪ߳ˣʱӽƵҲ˾Ϊ֮׽٣ͻͷ㣬ѹúܡ
ܵ׽٣ȻҪõʲô͸ʲôȡɵΪǶȹ׽٣ʵҲСúܡ
һ㣬ճ׵ģü޵Ҫ޹£ҲΪԺ֮ʱһЩǰ˵ˣʧȥȻΪѣʮ
Ӧ٣ʮĵ£ôͳţҲ޼µġ
ͨ˾ͽƽܼƭ٣Ƕ٣ȻҪϽ磬ǷµĹº͵ÿºΪüţ౼ɻֲˡ
ҲǶüƿطͨڣҲ˳ˮı㣬͸üһ֡
Ҫ֪ٸ֣ҲǱȶٸǿģ˳βԴۺ񣬾ֻǶȹ٣ϹҲһҲġ



1584 ٣£
ܰﱦ˶ȹ׽𣿿ϧž޵ˡһվɽϣңԶ֮ĵף̾Ϣ
üȴüһž̫ʺˣǽԴȡ·ǲ˵ƲĴ⣬Ҳϧɣв̫ˡ
㲻׵ģʦ֣ǶüһССɽͷͽչѹ£򣿡
ܶǰֻ΢СɣǿʢУħĴСΪЩǿʢһĶû䣬ħصĲأȴԽԽ׳ƾʲô
Ϊüʦ˫ĴսɱȺ֡Ц
ԣֵܵгüʦĿ֮࣬ΪȫʧܣʦȴЦ󣿡
ٱ磬һƵЦǿֻһ棬Ļǿʺ͵ذƾʲôĴħײеĵˣֻҪһȡ֮ʦǶȰ룬ӲɱԴĵѣһƬϾİæԣſԵõϽϿɣǱˡ
һ˻ºͣȴϡ
ʵϣüͳڶ֮ʱҲһֱе·ˣüɵԽԽ࣬ԽԽ١
󣬾ʿ羰ӣս֮
˾֪ˣҲƻˡ
򾲾վɷǾ塣
ܿóؼԭ򣬲Էеʵ̫٣üЩ͵ᱻǰǿɱ⣬ſһЩ
ôſֻҪһƿɣͲ·
ᡢʦȫͷĵ֪Ƽ
һ֮ظŶüɣΪǷ˳üĶ顣
ȻһҪԭ򣬾ǶüɵȷˣҲǺкôһ顣
ΪǽҲǸõ£Ӧóˣӵһ˵˼ףһʱЩת
һֱΪһƴ̨ͬˣɳŮƺƣһʱȨ֮ƣģʱײ´ˡ
ȻӦóΪɴƣΪһЩƤСʲôһ˿һӣƺΪ˵
ʦ֣ǽҲŹȻȴǴӲΪ񣬸ŵ㲻ˣ
ǡεͷĴɼҲû˵ԷʲôŭԹаħ֮١
Ϊͽ¾ԱŻѪչɡ
ΪֻС檣ðգȥֱ١
£㲻ŵǻʲôϣ
Ͷˣ֮ˣеӢܣǰ;ôͲܽύˣ

֪ǵ˼òƿش˵ԺʡЩģΪԷѹһͷϺǹȥΪˡʦֵ飬жԹߣЩħһأԺħ٣ѹġ
˵һ࣬üۼ¶ǿϢ纣ӿ
Ӱݣ֪λʦܵΪѾԶԶĳԼȲϼˣҲò̫Զ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱɵľ٣˵ľ֮ˣȹɷٺԪپԷˮһ㣬ȫûаѶȡ
뵽Լ񻹲ɷ٣в̫ԶˡУһᵽķħ٣Ҳӷ˼ԼƽǷЩ̫׵
ɢأڶüԼͬ˸ʿ֮Уȴ֪
ʵǰûʲôɡ֣֮˵ǰĵֻΪ·ͬȽ֮ҲǾɻʵҪԶ˵ġ
侳粢Ҫڴض֮Уͬǣ籾Դ֣ǿޱȣǲĵɡ
ֻϽǳ֮УǣӴıԴɻǵɣͬõǱԴ֮
һɵĶǿ󵽳ԽǳʵҲ֮ϣҲǲܵ顭Щһ磬Ϲ֮ʱЩĵɶȵϽ硣
ԴӴ˷类ƿأٵپѾˣֻûħ١
ԭ϶ȹ׽֮󣬾ܵõؽͣɻ壬һء
ǣһħϮͱò̫
ķ٣ǶüƿصķͨħܲܶȹҲҪ֮˵Ĺ¡
⹦¿ɲع£Ƕüƿµġ
йǾǵ£кǾǴ治ħǿһ˵ĵز
ҲΪʲô˺ҪüʹԭڣüɲԸٸˣԶҲҪŴֻͨŸְ취пͨ
ȱһҲٱƿأһ©
ֻҪããʱ֮Уҵȷ·ҲֵܹʱȷҲܷɹ
ǣûɻٸˣҪһֱڵ죬һա
˼Ͻ֣ܲЩһ˵ֶΣﰵ̾ܵõʦУһʦܹȻܼ
һˣ˵˼ҲˣתͷԶˮһɫ֮䣬ɫִмǳһ˿ɫ
һľ
ľ׽ˣƲĵʮ֮һôӦףˣӵȻţЦЦ
˶ȲΪŮĽҪ԰أοţף췣⵹ֵڴ
ƤҲ˼˵̫ҲޣӦúܿɢ˰ɡ
ûǱȽ׼ģʵϣڶüɺͼ˵֮Уűֻٵʵ˾ͽƽǿԹصġ
һ޳֣իû̫󹦵£Ҳ£Ͳʲôս˵ûʲô취ԣȽ֮ʱҲֻǽ˶١
ǿһЩȵ٣ʱ㱻
ڼˣ츳ߣʱȵ٣˳ü˶٣ǿһ⣬ټأʵǿ
Ǽָ֣ҲǺûжȹʮף㱻ǰ׺׺ûɢ˺εºܣԶȹʮĵףֱЦ
ʵϣü޵һճҪȽ٣ûЦӹǾʹû˵ٻ˲ֵġ
Լò졣


1585 Ǭϣ
׹£ɺתףϸ֮һıɴףϢɱɱһеơ
׹뵺ԶԶģ죬һ˿׹֮ҡҡ׹ıˣٿԱɫƽİ꣬ƣľ٣ʮˣۿҪŲסĿ𣿡
˽һףݲҵԺǧ£һЩѹĿĵ飬һˮ۽ǵ䣬ڰվͻɢ
ܹúãҲˣҲֻ֪תٵˣɻǵǰ£һԶҲ˰ɡ
Ͽţһǿ׺Ȼ£ǣʱ˿̣˵Ϣȴһֱ̬ȵס

ʧУһվȣץճ˫ۣſǻү죬죬ȾĸסȾȡ
ʱǵǵòܿȽ֮أʵϣҪһҲ
׻Ӵ纣һ㳱ӿ˷ƽʵδ֮ˣֻҪ뷽ԲʮɷΧΪҡ
ư̾˱ûĶȹ˽٣ֻԼŮŮ⣬Ӧе½Ȼû̫භ־ǿԳһȹŽףѾǲɴʱɽѾѿ϶ԽԽ󣬻жʮףôҲǲܶȹֻܻ
תͷٿ˱׻ɽ̿ΣЩĴؼҽáԼСǣĸߣǱ޵Ҳû̫ෲ飬ɱȴҪҸöˡ
֮·ҳյıδյԼȽٷʿ˵һذ
š
һ˶Уĺĳӣֱǡ
ͷһͼǰʱ΢΢üƺ̫⣬׳һ⡣
磬һ͵ǰþ˲һ㣬ûŶ׹Ԫǰ˫֣ͶȻͣ¡
֣һֱֻۣѪֱۡȻȫ֪ʲôۼ£ӳȥһֱֻʲô
ֱʮ죬ƺƤֵĽâִһ˿㲻ļζǶϿ֮ɫѪҺ͸ĹͷҲɢΪǿϢ
ճȻЩ⣬ǰ˵õģԼտ֮¡ǣЦŴӦĵ˵ȫԸȥƴһ˿Ҳ䡣
ðɣŮ˵ĻȻŲãĸģѾʧȥ־ˡ
ճļ֮УԪǱٻܵףʱԪݽߣٵ
̫߿Ľˣһֱֱײ־ĥߣ浽˹ؼʱ̣ȷһɺݾ
֮˱ʮֲסܶԼݣԱ˺ݡûҪѲͱһǿ־ôһ
Ȼ룬ճȴҲû̫ġ
׷һʧʱβԣ΢΢ЩʧȴҲǳˡ
ֻӳȥֱȻ壬ϴ󹦷նġ
˵Ҳ֣Ȼ˱壬۰ȴȻű֮ܣƽʱǰⶫڶԪʹõġ
ֱƤǿĵ֣ڴ˷磬Ҳɱðȫݡ
˴α˶Ƚ٣ճʹŪġߡˡ
ֱۣȻʲôҲʲôԪʶţһŲ֮ͬʮ֮ڣֻҪճһʵǿٿصġ
ɫҰܣɥţվ｣ɢңűһ׺ˣҲȲȥˡ
һһ飬ǰһǶһ۰
͵ճûԼŮǺ⣬ǽɫ۰Ѿ΢΢ϾӿһܿƵľӿ˽ȥ
׸ոͷǣһ̾ȻûʲôšΪϱѾһɡס
׺ɡ֮ϣƵ죬һ˿˿͸˹ϣ΢΢飬ȴǺˡ
⣬ôܣ
ȻתͷԼŮǰ˫տȻ˸дĪ̡
֪ΪΣȻͶˣԷԼ÷ϧ
ﶸȻһ˿ɨŮе⣬ԼĿϲҧҧ¹ľ
УҪȹҪŮɵõҪǱ۸ȥܷ
£ɫɡȻôƽƽ棬ûǿ󱦹⡢ơǾƾǿҲͻƲӻ
ҲУ׹Ŵ죬ʹԼ۾
ֱôܲϵãһȭԼ÷˹ǶϽۣǰ
ۼͬһֱۣŽɫ󽣣һնüΪɻҡ
ݰԼֱۣΪλɡԶɽͷüҲǾ죬ʦѿ˵



1586 Ǭ£
ü˵ҲΪνʦ˫ʵϣزϱֻ֮ҪһЩҩȫٳҲʲô¡
ֵǣı۰ܣб仯ͳ˵
ʮˣȻȹ׽١ﲻ֪뷨Źֵúܣϧֱ۱ϾѾ壬Դ֮ˮޱ֮ľٵ׾ͻϵ
ܵס÷ͳ˵
ǿᣬһȭԼѪǧɽɷۣû˭
ԣٻܵסףпܲܳžһ㣬Ϳ˵ˡͷҲŲ˼顣
ÿζ˵λͬ˵̨ʦǿᣬս˫ȴûսʱԷֻնһ۰򣬾ܵס׽٣ƣʵûʲô˼
ϧˣһԪܸһЩǿһЩǿ۰Ҳôȹ˽ٰ
һ˳̾һźĿȫ˵ϧ
һȫһ˵˼ܶȹٵǿ֣ǧֻ˵üһǼˣҲֻǶȹٶѡ
ȻȹĽ״֤࣬սҲȥ׳ּɺ͵̣ԪĸߵͣܶٵףʵʹжΪ
ΪǶȹ׽֮󣬾ͻ֮Ƚ֮ˣ۶Ƚ֮ǰǺεʵΣѽ֮󶼻ǿаѶԷԪȼеĲΡ
ܶȹ٣˵֮Ĳ£ԪԾǨ䱾ļˣôڿȲ˵ġ
ϧǣöѣһжǾлˮ¡
ۿžͶȲȥˣһֱ۱仯ɡҲסףܲܵסһ֮һ⡣
ʮϣ׹ѾɷԲ󲿷ֶɴɫ͸һָ߹ʥɭɱ⡣
ʮһס
¡¡
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ɫѪһƬ۾ﶼƺ͸棬ǰ֮¼ϣһЩԡ
˵У˶ɵĺβӰһ㣬ֱ̳ʮԶ
ȻѾ⣬ǧ޳ֵطȴԪӡʱƴ¶
塢غ˽ŵȫ߶ţססףܿˡ
βݵһָ֣ʹץճֱֱۣİδŵÿҪε
ճ弫ΪǿᣬȻᱻֻСֱץϡ
ˡ˻
£ɡ΢΢ݣҪٵȴδǿĳ˺ƬƬ
׹ϴ룬δ뱦˻Ӷɽײһ𣬷졣
һ׾һѪžžȫըѣ尫С룬һƨϡ
ŵβӰ׹֮У趯ţڻǻΪӰʧ
ˡ
ƿľһ̧ͷ죬һâ۵׹ͣʮ׸԰һЩ˼֡
ɴʱˣƣɽأֱֻĴ䣬Ǳ˹ͷ
ȸ˵ˣʱͶۣǿѹѹڵɳ̲֮ϣʵ̧ͷ졣
⻹ôֵ
ףӳ˵
û˼˵ȫɫţĿĶԶȽӰһ֮С
֮ߵһ˭٣ʱͬپͿȫȻ
ۼĸҲȲȥؼҽȫǾ
Ŀ⵭Ȼƽͣһ˿֮⣬ѿ͸
û˭ܿóƴԪݽߣ𣬴ʱ˿̿һ˿ѵ
ԪԱܻܷܿһЩ֮£ǻΪɻҡ
׳ͣһδ£Ƚ֮طԲʮɵݰߡ
֮ʱѾ˷ָԶȫϣûһ˿ܰס
Ƕüɶ֮йսߵһˣҲֻľ
ѾӦԷΧֻǿЦԼʵ̫ٻöܳһʱ䣬׼øֱ׽١
³治һȱҪá
ʱΨһıǽʦˣ֪ʲô취
һһתԱ߾Ű꣬ͻȻǰһͼӰѾ
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үɣ
ʦ֡
˰Ȼ֮ʱӰͬ˻ķɶһ޷˵ֱס
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˾ں֮УͼǰӰһΣǴɴСȫᣬ
ӴӰֻ΢΢һӣһܣֱ졭
ȭХţϻӳٶȿ˿
׹»ȭϴ
ɷԲʵʰĽ׹ֱϻİȭͷԾԵýСҪϲ֪١
ʱ˿̣ûһ˻ΪΪ˿÷ȭ֮ƬʮɷԲռ䣬ȫɾ˸ϸС顣ǰͳһĺɫ׶߲ʹâ˸׵ƣƲ˼䡣
ȭֱʣռ䴦飬ɫ׾类ûϸС𻨣ûзκϢɢƬƬ
⻹ֹŽɫһ·ϲɶֹͻڳһֱɱĽƣҲھ޴˺֮£Ťš
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׹⼲ͬųһ޴̻
Ʊһȭˣ׹Ҳɢȥףס
׹˵ţȫ֪ôԼ뷨
ԷֲֿܣҲһЩȴûԷʹһʼ׼ֱƻ׸
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ƿĿѣԣ̲סȲʣ漴ӦЩʧ̬ܿ˿ؼҽǸ˵ıȫûע⵽Լֹ̬ŷ
һ˻ЩϧͻȻһĻһǺͣɤɫ΢΢죺ȿȡȻ͡
ЦóӡѾס


1587 ع飨ϣ
췣ۣ֮
÷ͷһ̾μ˾㤾棬ȴûǰЩʱռ֮ʱľֻ֣΢΢ЩȻ
˵ѾҲ¶ԽΣҲǰһ췣ֻ֮ǳһ࣬Ȼ޹ˡ
÷һ룬ʵġ
Ԫӿţ˲Ϣ֮γһֻʮľ޴һɻصǿɢѹģԪҡ
Ǵҳ췣֮ϴˣһ֮Լͷ
ڲûС
޴ɨɨȥֱڰ֮д֮ãĲ鲻ԸĺȻɢһγֵø죬ͣʱȻԽɱĸأϧǣҲס
˰׳һ亹
ԶԶˣȫҲǰǸƲһİӰһȭƽ֮ǰ׹˸֮Уʧˡ
û˻Ϊʦֻ׹ͬھ
ǣô̽ûз֣֮أһȻޱȣûа˿켣
ֻһֻֽӡǰʮָתҫ顣
ȻǣûдҵȣҺܿҲ㲻̷ӡ۾ֱ㶵ĿŰĳһط
ɢֹЪܼһƾڰգ͸˵ڡ
һ̧ͷȥѾȷùˣǧ򻯣ǿ޵УԽս϶ǡתˡô˵ʵҲˣͬһϵ
ǰţӦòǷŰ˾ǾתѧתȹģҲλʦڴݵĲ²⣬͵Ϊֹɣ
Ǽ飬ʱһòô׵̸ӦȴԶΪˣ˳ȻΪ;ҵʢǡ
ϲ֮ղԶˡ
һңңԶ̾һΪͻȻ֮ͷ֣ӸոɷӦµһ̣ȻҲԼŮǰˣ߽һƬ֮С
ǰ̻һƬգΣǰһĿȻҪˡ
ڤڤ֮ʵעԺһ˿ϣϽ磬ȻΪһײɣҲյ㡭ȻҲˣһ¡
ɱ֮£ԽǿԽǰԶ

Ӳ֪ڣһƬ⣬ֱֱڱ˵ϣصĽ͡
仯Ǳ˿ݽߵԪ֮ŹâңԶĺϣĵһƬһӿ
£ܼϸ΢ǹ⣬Ԫ֮С
Ϣ׳󣬿ʼŵɷԪ񣬴˼ȴƮƮ˱۵ֽȫãϢºͺƴ
ﰵĽţһ˫۾ȴĴɨӡ
ʦȥأӦǶȹˣû˵İ˶Ƚٵ飬ȻҲˡ
ȻҲ龰ĵһôš
塢غĸ˫ֿ֣Цûע⵽һ紵߳һЦİӰ
ֵ̨õһɶ֣ԽԽǿˡ
ǿܴüɲɣǵʦǰʱԴϽ·ճЦŵ
ôף壬һ㿹ܡҪǻֵ̫ı˵ìܸоĺʼղƽ
ʦ֣ʲôǳưԴ˷𣿡Сʵȴֱ
ư磿ô뷨ճЦһЦЩȻ
̫ⷽСˡ΢΢̧ͷ֮⡣
Ҫ𣿡ͻȻоһţЩ
ŸԹ켣ˣģһֱһ
Թ𣬵ȻûеģֻеһϤУӡ

ճЩԷĸоˡ
Ҫ֪ǺؼҽáҩˣûзԼ뿪Ĵ㣬û뵽һֶߵģȻദ̫С㡣
ã֪ʵҲеǰɫ
ʲô㡭㡣ƽͰͣࡣ

³һ磬ԶУ˼Ȣ
ɽؽ磬Ķ˺͡Ա޸
ųȺӵıִĽӣԭħ̨ɸȥһ·Ц
ʱʱŸɫХÿһζ̾ۡ
һЩջͣݵ·ԡ
֪Щǽɡ
뵽ôལͬϲ磬ɲ˲Ժ
һεĶų̈ɽ¼ӰԶմ¶Ҫʮ
ˣǸɢޣʱɽһϲȡ
кܴһаɸˣʱҲĻᱻ׷ɱ߳Ѩ
Ҳͬ޻졭
ջɱɱվͿͬĵã۵Ƚ
ѵõľۻᡣ
ΪǶüһ˵Ų̊ŴʦֽνΪµһ죬ⳡͬĴ䣬¸ֻۣУ׼
Ҳһ죬춨Ļ



1588 ع飨£
ϲճȴɽϣվƶˣһɫװӢС߳˴ɽ
СһɣӴɹޣһϹҫĿĳӰХҡ
ҲС¶һͷٵ֮С
ӢʱѾĥѣ̥ǣǻԵɺϵõﭽҲǰʦʱˡʦһ𣬶üˡ
ճģӢݵʱҲ͵һԵһ÷һ䵽Уȭһ
ֻ糱˺ѿһɿݳϵаˣһƬ
磡
Ӣ׹ȫǾϲ˷ֱһ룬ʱü档
Ӣ˵ҪѧȴҪʳˣǲ̣ǲܸʦͽܣճЦ
ʦӢ⣬ɻûʦ
ҡ˳ɫЩΣȴнңҺų̈Ѿˣ֮ǹϵر𣬲Ųıȥͽܡ
Ļü˵ƾͻȫ̱ƻüɽҪηһ⡣
ʦȻһɣӢմüƽΪ£ٿͬĴ䣬ˣȥȱϲƵġ
ǿ϶ҪȥӢһʹ۾գ£ЦӦһС
Ҵ㰡
ճЦһƣ͹ӢֱʣƿԶȥ
ҡҡͷתͷʦ֣Ҳһ̰ɣߡ

ʱˮʢѾȥų̈һЩСѳײԵɱа£ճȴʧǰ
ʱ䣬뼸λһȲͻǻصԪ
һǰĴսɱ̬ȡ
аħһͬʱҲöüɷ
ٻŮУ˻ľѾٷ磬վ֮ͤУŵһȹĽҲлӨ
ԶϸŲᣬƺĳĽ߲࣬ϢĿ
ĴˡճתЦӳľһˮŮӣбŽβ٣Űɴһ˫ϡ
ǽĹȻҲ޻ѧԺټѩͬѧ
Ѿʱ޻عˣһҪͬѧҲھ԰֮ѰһȾӴ
ӭ֮ӨҲһ˼õµģĴھ԰ɡ
ճع󣬻·££ѾлӨѩ׽ʶ֮ˡ
Ժ˵׾ĸ֣Ҳÿһ£
ˣҲǻԵɺϣЩˡճûж˵Լ˷顣
֮ע֮˵һ׸֣׺ԲһԪع飬Ҳֻܱס绯ı£ԻûУսҲ͵úܡ
ⷽǿǵ۹̫ϻףλֻһž̤׵Ķ֣籣ٳֻȻ֮ȻǳΣѾܲˡ
׸ֻ֣Ľ׳ΣЩֻжʵ
ճĿɽ֮ʧӦѰһڣлع飬˭ҲҲͬٻŮҲʧˡ
ǰлӨѩһع֮һֻͨ˵ʵһ緲ˣֻ£ľګúܡ
Ҳ֮õı׶ˣԾصˣкܴ󲻱㡣
Ƚճ˻ʵֶΣܱսڵ۹̫ϻףѾ˼ˡ
ȻҲظлӨ˵ֻ̫࣬߶ԷǻعˣʵȻ½
죬УϢСģĪԶܻܿ᲻ֶΣǧҪϣȫڸϣ˴ǲԣƺ˲֣Ҳǣס˲ܳ֡
ѩɫԺ˵ˣвг޻ѧԺӣֻҪѧԺΧ֮ڣζᱣµġ
ҲǣסӦаæ˰ɣֶΣĪͷѵ֣
˲֪˭ȻĪͷǣƷţ԰ĸ״ʱ˵߰˽׵ʵԿܱǣסˣ߰˽ʵӦڰ磬ʱѲǸֻ׶壬벽ף֮ѹšҪǵ۹ֳп˼ġ
ϾҲûʲô飬Ĳһаæƾӣܰгֻһ£ѾǺܴˡ
зԺȻ˵ѧԺвܱסңȻλԺĳϣҲֿܵ
뵽ճзһ˿⣬ת˲ʧֻЦŵǶϹˣµġѾ׼Ժӣǰ
ع飬Ҳ뿴Īͷж󱳾ĿŵԸ۹ʿ


1589 ˸־ϣ
һˣһѻɽлԭжá
ңŴżΪʣһѵˮڻ԰ŻݲݣͻȻתͷһԣ˵
ϵ˵̫̱ƺǴ֮
һլԺߡˡ죬һЩȫһסԼĶ䡣
ꪣ͵𣿺úõү㲻ȥܣƫƫҪϽһЩС£űǿƳͷδʧݰɣΧȹӳＱ˳
棬һų۵İ׷ߴͷʱ˫˽ͷڣںâƺޱѪ
Щ˻ֻĿⴥˣɽ͵Ұޡ
֪Ѫɷ֮Դɢ
ɴ˿Կͷһɱ̫࣬ɷ⵹ɢϢˡ
»дЩ˪⣬㼸ʱһԵүģ
ԺһƬɪƺԵú֡
ռԶһ˿˿ɫţһƺʹӴ֮¡ڡ
뻨԰İ׷ߴ߱Цʮְ鶸Ȼһͣǰδ£Ͷ
оǰһͻټΣգĵԤ֪һսķʮ磬֮ΣոӦȻ˭Ҫ
ʧˣľĻҪһؾͱɫܣĻȻΣգֻһ֮ȫѹҿ¾Եֵ
ܣôԪҪӣҲǵԪٿء
ǣ꪿Կ϶Էûеһ˿ֻƾ仯ˡ
Ҳ˵Ҳˣꡭ
Ϊġ
粻ȻմоǸЦ뵽΢΢ڣתĿ͸Ӽᶨ
Ϊ˸һЩ֪ãҲȥ
ЩΪѣһЦҾ˵ϵһȡóɾͣͻߵǰȥˣͷ㻹ƫƫţ֪˰ɣ
ӰһԺоͶһˡ
һ׵˶΢֣һԲЦݿ䣬۾ֱгһ죬ǺƵˡ
˸оײģĺ󱳻һϺľϻ¶˿δ¶һնһеͳͥԺ
س磿Ҳһҵı£
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˺ųƵֳƵ۹Ŀǰ뽣Ԫ
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سЦеƺûһ⣬һһЦЩֺãСʵ㲻᲻һòɡ
Ȳ裿ҾͲˣ쵽ǣȻǰңҲµûʱĪԶѾʼж˰ɣ
ûϵ˵Ϸ󺮻żֲս꣬ĶӾǵңҲһġɽյϵϷ֮·ЩίҲֻܹùˡ
Ѫɷ֮Ҳĵʧºʹ
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ɴʱҪﵽĿģһЩССԹͲùˡ
ԼҲ࣬ÿ֮вĸӣȢס
Լ׵·ʵҲ㲻ʲô
ĪǻûǸת󡯣ĪԶı󤷨ࣿ
ԣǷϵܿϴӦʵһҪġسЦǺǵ˵зŹ⡣
ҵϣҲûҪȥתԹԵҪᡣŰ˰֣кϲ衣
۷겻ͻƵĸֹԼֶԸĪԶ֪ѲΪ
Ϊת󡯵飬ϵ۹̫ϻףԪ
Ǽ˼ȻƻôԼƻģ˵ʱ˿̣۹ĵŹڡȵȶ߶Ѿ׼ԼҸڣ˵糱ϵľӡ
ǰĪԶϼһʵȻãչ޳ıҲǿԴתˣǰ˵ˣֻҪ£ʹӦǴһǸ硭
޳ܡüͷһԷ߷߲ƽĵ׸֣ҪԣԼȥһԵƫƫ̫С򵽺ֶ̫ˡ
˱ĪͷֻǶȡѪӦò˺ĸŮˣ£ǻȰ˵ġ˵
⻰𣿡俴һۣתͷͽݣ۲ΪͻȻõˣһøжûС
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ҲΣ֪ɷǣڴˣԭʵΪԼңΪԼĸŮˡ
һǣңͲܺ޹˼ɵ£̫ˡ
ǼһҲ߯˰ɣ˼ҽǵ˰˱ѪùֻѰһԵĴðգҲ޶ڼҹúòã˰ɣˡ˷䰡ǰ˵ˣ
뵽ϧĸŮпܱĪͷץȥˣļ٣޷롣



1590 ˸־£
ճݱʦơؼҽúҩֻ˵ԼڶԪչزԺٳ֡Ȼ;ĵ뿪ˣûһ˿
Ҳֱ治ɽĵǱǵڶԪ
ԸһԪһҲ࣬˲仯֮û
ʱ䣬͸оңԶĳطһӰһΣȫѪͱΪһӨ⣬ƿռ뿪
ϣһ߲֮ͨУûиоܹԼȫӴѹ
ˮУȻŻѹȴû̫ų⡣
ҵȻԪ񻥻ˣѪ⻯ΪʣƭأҲƭʱգ˴ʱеĳɹŻ᲻˻
ǰһճܿռˮɢͷԼһܱʯ֮УһϡԼϡ
ǵ۹ȽļˣӨӨ׹ʵǰӪյı֣ÿﵽ񾳽ϵˣ֮ͨ٣õе˹
ΪֻҪ崩Խͻ֮ռвʱռ䶼̶ڵ״̬
˸˵ֻйٷƿţҲ֪ĸż淢
ճҲϾ괩ԽֺķѾ޴ķʽҪ࣬Ҳȫ࣬ȫĽ
Ժҽ飬Ҫ׼ЩҲ̫ľǡǼĹ壬Ѱװһ̨Ȼþսûʸ񡣡
ܵճ΢΢һЦԺһǹſ
һɺѪ֫˺巢žžžһܼԪɢɲǼѾƿסÿһѪ⡢ÿһ
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һ֮䣬ȫתϣҲܳס۷Ԫǲ֪лӨܱٻŮ֮ҹޣ˻ѿѾҪԪˣϣתɡ
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һЩˣǿһЩҲƯһЩˡ
˵ʸкܴϵճһֱôáʱлӨͬ仰
˵ǰлӨһѷ׵ʱͱȻУܿ⡣
ôҸʶˣлӨϴЦȻҲԼϵĳֻ֮ҪԼӦò˶ãܿס
ϰź£ʱŰȹЩȻˡճЦŵ
ϲҵȻͻ
ǵã߰ɣѾǰԺˣʱأȻҲڡ
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ʲô˸Ź˼£ﲻɰлӨĵһӣȴΪ˼ٻŮе
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ǸߣҺܿһӶܴﵽľ磬ΣգҾȫΪУҲڡ
лӨ֪Լûʲô̫õ츳ϵܿܿ
ȻƾſϳԿࡢԸһδð֮ĽײΣҲֻˡ
Ƕʱ䣬ǰ·
ôôλ֮ãȡʲô˿
޷ǾǽһЩ¸һЩûʵʵı仯
ǰԼΪ俪ʼͷ֣Լľ羹ȻһĽţȻ̫죬ȴһֱûֹͣ
ƿѿˣֱԼʡȥĻۣ꾳̤ż
̵ָĹͣÿһָ㶼һѪõʦҪɽӦҲ֮ˣȴ֪ϧҲ̫ʵ
лӨ̾Ϣһٶ룬ߵǰԺͼһȺˡ
վСڵϽͨԱһţüǾǻ۵Ůˡ
벽վһƷĸߴ󺩺ӣɽ
ʱöӳΣȴվʮöԱȫŹֵ
ȻΪ۹ͷ״Ԫ죬ϽοǴ¶һռ˰ڽɽִͨĴָЦ
лӨΪŮ֮üλ֮ҲǱּãŶһҪҲңģ㣬ɽͬ
ճüͷһ壬֪ͨԼлӨΪԼҿ䣬ʱعġʱˣȴǺΣȻԼˡ
ү˵̫̫òˡ˰ԼɷһۣǰЦŵӨĪ֣Ҳʣ˵ִ֪磬²طϣպ̸ܻġ
ˣҿɲĳЩǰ㷴޳ȻѾȷңͲ⡣лӨĿ罣žվһԵɽ΢΢ɭ䡣
һ˺ôתͶˣ̫ˡǰʵû뵽ȻǼ
ΪԴҩ˵̰ͼٷöӳλܻõĻԵ
Բ𡣡̧ͷĿᶨֻǲĵ̣ôװӳΣѶȹǼң㲻ҲûٴνǷĻᣬϰڰװױ˸ˣϧ
ס죬Ǳѵɣô̵Ĵֱ֮ͨ·š
ˣӨ˸־ǿ󡣡ճҲɽһۣ·ûĽֻͣǹŸͨһ񣬸ǵϣϽԽԽãֻ罭ϵؽ磬ȰǲҪˣû취ƿصġ
˵ȥ
ֱͨˣɽΪöӳ룬Ҳʲô
˴δԽѾԶָ֮ѾûǣͲöѿˡ
ԭҺһΪԼõһ֣Ͻõõһ֣ԺĺôȻͨеӲţȰѽϰƿ˵ɡ
ô᣿ͨЦˣϷǴˣɽǽϵؽҲ㻹ȻûƿصˣһأôҲֵ˰ɡ
ճûҲͷ磬ͨһ仰û˵꣬ѾԶˣлӨ͸
ү⻰̫˰ɣô˼ҲΪϽ˺ܴͣô档ֵ
ѵȥӲĪϹҲ룬Ϲʲô˰æڽӣҲͲˡ
ܲժӰɣڽɽǶĺôҺɽڣ֮ҿѾȫˣ֧λֻ֡ҪȫңϽպ󶨻ӭܴչ



1591 ޼ɵϣ
޻ѧԺ
һȥúֵ۹ز֪ʶĽܸߣҴ˴θһηʿѧõ֮ȥܵһǧ֣ܰȼ弶Ժôࡣ
һϲ˳һѧԶ߻Щܵ˵
λһΣÿλоյѧѧǣɵһԽȻ
ĺܲҾͲˣһȥ˹ǣһֱıòݸıһְ֮ʵû˼
˵ѧջŶأѾƿһ֮أֵʮˣĴ޷䣬˵һѧֵģõôõĻ˷𣿰˱ˡ
һŮ̾͸˵Ľʺޣ͵͵ĿһԣǱһ潹֮ɫŮһȥٱУ԰֮УҲ֪Ҫȥ
Ҫͬѧ˼˳ɾӦøˣ´νȥʱ򣬾ȥͶѵܲæչ˲ɣָ׷©һҲֵƴ
ԣ
ͷĻ泩һˣ˭˼ʶ˴ţأĽ
˵ҪǻѧԺ֮ûбҵҲ߰ռ˰ڽɽˡ˵Ը֮£ܿһͳ£һ࣬ҵҲֻǶ֮أ£ȻҲˡ
޻ѧԺٻŮѧǴģȻҲһЩĺӡ
ͬĲ棬ĶҲһ
Ҳ̫ı֮ӵ׻߳ʲô·ǹĵʵԺǰ;
ֻҪܱڹúãԼӾʣѾˡ
ѩȴûôӰ˵˼һֱӱѧԺԺ칫¥
Ϊ֣ѧ٣岢ǿֻܳƵһûдﵽٻŮĹ޳ɵ쾳硣
ܵ¥֮ʱѾˣǰ۳Ҳ˲üɣеԺԺϽȾͬѧ
İ칫һȺ˻תͷվſڵѩȫΡ
мһͷݴ̾һָָһǽڣҡͷѩͬѧĲְܶһᶼ棬ҲҪ֡޻ѧԺ֮УԳ־ΥͣĶأ͵ʲôʱ򷸴
㿴ҸȥʵҲûõģĪѾǰˡ
˳ŷԺָѩ̧ͷȥͼǽڵˮĻѾ
Ӱһµʽͥ԰ţмɽл԰̨ͤ¥鿴ŲƬ԰Ȼɫá
ңһ½ׯ԰ٿ֪ˡԺָ˵㣬ӰԶͼׯ԰룬ͷβѳƷˣȫֳͷֿ
ׯ԰š󸮡ڽҫӴŴȴһȺ¾ѺһЩȥͣһﳵ
һʹ޽ţ˴ӺһƣˤڵءȻ˼𣬾ȥ
ѩĿѣɩץߣ˰̺СأĪȵõϢ㿪ˡ
õķ²⣬ʵϣѾвĸоˡ
ѩȥͣϧɩãԼɩӣʱ͵ĵòС
㶼µˣ𣿡ٶתǶȣʱѾ˸߿֮ϣ΢΢Ťţܼһɫ״ʲζ
ĪԶı󤷨֪࣬ǻع飬Ϊ˷ֹĴҴ룬ְѹĸŮץˣɳĪҴ֣ҵһЩҲȫѺȥ
ӦòЩ˹ȥǲ鶨֮ǰЩĴɢϢѹɣȻû̫Ӱ죬ˣǵˮ©
ܣΪʲôЩܣһĿţѩ۾ˣѾǵոսٻŮ֮ʱǸʲôҲŮѧˡ
һЩ飬Ҳ۽ࡣ
ʱŰյı󤷨࣬̾ˣǱȽﻹҪǿ̫ĸ֣ѾܱȵϻһնɴȺ򼾫
ôһλڶ죬Ҫô죿
ٻŮ磬٣ʵǿǻܶһ
ŸոջʵûʱתȫҲֻĽʵѣôӦΣ֣
Աߵ似ָԱ̹ҫҲʣͬѧʵҲȥϧܲ֡ͨҲվĪһߵģڰƺȻ۹߲ѾĬĪ£벻ʲô취԰æԺǲæҲǲѡ



1592 ޼ɵ£
ֻϣѧ̣㵽޻ѧԺôҲϵʱ䣬붯᳤ԺλѴ˵˵飬ֹܲĪԶ޳о
Ժ̾ϢʮʵҲ֪ǲܵģϲľҲԼһԱƷ
ãȥˣȻûӱܣ
Уһֱׯ԰Ϣͣ¡
Ŵ򿪣ˡһŰüбһ񻣬ֳֳƴ
ճոջûתԪֱշɻԼׯ԰ǽһ
ʱ䣬ǱûʱϤԪļٽýһЩЭ
ҲǲսǺƿصϸ΢֮
һԭŵһЩõϢ
ϽͨǷԺͨѩϢһεĵˣֻܿܲĪͷһˡ
Ϊʲô̫õĽ
ǰòֻ̫缫Ϊ߿ƼѾߵһ˼ĵزҸȫ
֮Ĵǽ纣һʥ⣬ܹѹסаħͷ
ܸоǿ󣬲֪ǿʲôĵȼ
ڣԪΪﵽ۷壬ֱףǿ֮ԼҲߣԶԶ׷롣
ʹһˣоҲϸ΢һЩ
ɽ֮ʱÿȫսᱻ췣֮۶ϣûоˣԼʵʵûи׼ȷĹ㡣
ȻҲΪԼѾսĵ伮㣬ﵽײӦһԾǨ򹹽ȫսѾͨһָ߲ε籾Դ
һѹ
뷲ճǿҲ˵Լת濹ɡ顣
ڵȻǿǰ㳤ԶʱҲÿ̫ࡣ
Ϊһλ㹻Ԫ˼ӦȻԶٻŮΣȻѹȸоѹϡ
ѹϤɽϡơ
ơ
ʲôճףǾǴ˷磬ɽȼȽʵ࣬ҪҲ߲ȥֻǸһߡ
Ҳ˵ͬɲײεʵ
ȻˣҾͿ˭ҰĪͷԸңͿܲܳе

ո³˾ׯ԰ǰ̣ŵһȥ
ճһ۾ͼɩק뿪ɨ
ûпϧһ䡣
ĸ׺òڣǶˣǱץסˣ
ԪӦ֮У֮ƲһɺȻ˷
ôСģϢ֮УĪͷӦֻ֪Ľ׺ڣλ˽ҲתΪսҲԸô
죬뿪ӣЩĪҵˣС㱻ץɩŴУȴһƷסͣǰС
ճƤݺݵȻĽ·ӦòãϣüȻɡ
ƶϣĪͷҪΪԼĪ뱨ͬʱ۲ԼϵѪȻͻẦԼӵ
ôץĸ׺ӦΪҪЮǣҲߡ
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쵶ն飬ʱ䣬䡣
ôţճɭ䣬͸űӣӨЩôҼң°ˣΪˣɱ˰ɡ
ǣӡ
лӨҲ룬ܾͱһâ
ݡ
糱ˣֻһ֣͹ǰХ

Ȼɱˣ
أ
ʮƷ˲ҡ
Ľ֮УѪ׷ɣлӨӰֻһ⻡ȥ磬ֻһʮ˲Ǳ̴ǱնԴ

Щ˻ӶֵЩóǹ֧ǹȫûãӰ׽
ƷǲɵðһԱ߷ܣһߴ˻С
һǰʬҰ
лӨ飬ȣҹ֮趯ľ顭
ٻŮ֮нﱻ˳Ʒһʵûндš
ǽλ֮ǰȻɱˣܻŲ˼ɣʱԪ񼴽ɾͣߡôЩҲϰճ£λս֮гɱУսʮ
ʱ֣ҲֻţСԣȫûаѹ
ճҲƷǰֳ̬ǰɩһĸ׺õȥˣ
󵨡
һȣƲȻը
һֱǧ׷Բ֮һһ˿ɫơ
һϢ֮䣬ܳݵءʯС·Լ˵ϣȫһϸϸİɫ˪â
֮УȻһҡͷβľ޴
Ӵɫ˫̽һֻ˶צӣƷ籬ճͷץ


1593 ϣ
ãѾĪԶıȥˣϵˡ
޻ѧԺ׶㣬ʮʹĵؽе
Ȼճڵ۹֮ǰѾ;ѧ뿪޻ѧԺλԺʮģҰԼѧԺıҵҲֵýѧʱԷվ֣ܲļ١
䵽棬ĪϹȻҲǺˡ
ѩ̹ҫȫǵȻץµĽױ󤣬Ʈѩһʱʧ

ϧˣһԱܺõĴ󽫣ΪϽƫƫ˲õˡ̫ϧˣɽڣҲʤްɡ
ϽͨǰҲһʱׯ԰ǰ󣬿Ǳ䣬һζӡ
űҲˣܳɳţ֮ʵҲûʲô
ΪףͨҲȻĽﲢ̫Ľ׾ġ֡ã׸֣ʵȡе
ҲҲͷճԭ
ʱǰһĻʵ벻Ǹ꣬סץãʲô·ԣ
үЩˡɫ̣
ЩЩۣܾԼɷȻΪﵽףȴôúôתȰһ£ͻȻ۾Բеʲô

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ףԣֹôܣĽ𣿡
һ̣ͨЩԼ۾
ɭɭķצһץ£һ⡭
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ҫУһһԲ͹ļ̸𵴲ݣѩţոտߣѱƬƬм
͵ˡճ̧ͷȥԪڵ򣬵ҲϾֻ̫С̫
ĪͷﰵҲǴ˼ν̹һＸΰ֡ճףĪڱı²ôΣʹıµȷǺܲģֵľܹóֿ͵Ϯ㡣
ס˵ҪЮ
ı㣬ȫ޵ޡ
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޴Ľɫţ絯󹭼ң𵴳㲨ƣϢǣһɽɫ
ճ䶢޴󤣬ͲȥвУվñֱ͵ָ̽̽צ־һá
Ԫӿ羪İŴ˷£γһ޴ĽƵƣָռ䱻ѿһ϶
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СӣСˣԭͻףص̫ϧֻףκεңһᡣһϵͳ˳ÿ졣
ǳ֮Գһ˿ΪԻľ֣չưȻһ˻ȥ
ܿƬƬۼ׼ѹĦţһ֮£ͻԶȥ
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һʧ֮£ƲȾ˿ȻѰҶֿɳ֮ǿӲ壬ǽͷ
˵ӲͲмʵЩ飬˲֪󤷨ôһ£Լȴ֪ġ
⻹һλ֮ʱԵɺϵõһϹڽԪ֮СԪ࣬ʵѾΪʵ˱߳ܡ޴󣬶ҷޱȡ
һצ±˵Ѫ֮ǵ۹оѺϽְ壬Ҳܴͨ͸
ɸոȫһץȻ˵Ƥûץư㣬ʲôֱδδš
ĪͷڵʵЩ۷ֱ׵ϲתͬ鴳ʵеĲˣ
һԼҲ׵ģԣ򲻶ĵˣһȥ˼ûˡ
ƴɱѲΪϧѪˣܵõѪԴֱ۷壬ҲӲ
Īͷת⡣
ĸסöҵеǰ취㡣
вɾȡĪͷúסıѩֱǧ׷Բ⶯ȥ磬ǿɽˣһҲġ
ߵ𣿡
ճһ˿΢ʮͻȻճ̣һƹϢӿռ֮ɣԪﲨǵˣٽһӴС
ľۣڿա
ٺܵıԪ֮УŤŲϿȴڻǵȥ˵ӴַɻصճռץС
ѹѹ
ʮɳ壬ѹһƴСߣճץС
ۡ
һıУʧֵһźݿݵͷʱѱɫ˳ѹȫѣѪ磬С



1594 £
ˣδһߣճһץ֮ѹСò
ĪͷΪﵽڣ꼫ǿҲڰʰ֮䣬ʱǿŲ
ҡ
ʱоشɽѹסһԪɱѹĥԼ飬ĪͷҲ̲סġ
ԣͼı죬Ȼ°ĸ׺ã㲻˭
ճ䣬ָ
ԪѴ۷壬־ɷ֮ϴ֮󣬶ԪƿرĪԶ֪ǿ϶١ǰõҲǵʹֶΣƿأɱ
ʵϣûȫѰĪͷı󤷨ѹ飬ץһѶԷץУɱɱ
ԭѾǿˣ˷磬ĪͷҵУʵǲɵֿļǿֻһʱ⣬ǿжȡԡȴץѹҪ
ճԪ͵һڳĸоֻӻãⷽԶĽʥ֮£ﶼԳɫʣϡ
˵ˡ
һ̣·𿴵޻ѧԺһͷڸȲʣѩСѾͷӰ
Ͻ֮УͨǴľסӣС죬۲˼顣
̶ֱ֣֨֨
ճüһšĪԶĲҺлͷһȴ֣Լһʱ֮䣬ͷ
ĽסĵطĪԶӤܾȻ׹ɹȦ벻
󤷨ྐྵȻѪֵĶһ֮£ƾžתתɵ֮ޣȻܳŵסѵϹѪ飿
ѾҵģǲϹѪ顭
ճģâ˸Ƥ棬ߣҪ
顣
һȴԶѪ죬Ʋ㷭ӿţһɫ̽˳һ
Хһڳֻһ־ʹѿռƬƬһ֮䣬ʹճü֮ǰ
ꪣȻһη࣬ôճһݣԪӦ֮УͷĺͬУĪͷıǿ֪١
ңռͨͻȻնĲʲôɫ磬һڹ˸İꪣҲ֪׾ɱѪɷȻȹ滹ҪͶ֡
һһꪣңԶ߳ײճµʮԪ򾹱Ӵһƣޱȡ
һȫѷɫĽɫҪʤһԪǿѪҲǿޱȣһศɡ
˵Ҿ飬Ǻûӣ
Ȼǿ󣬵ճȴǸûᣬֻǿĪͷͻȻ¶ľϲ飬Ƽݺһ
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ĪԶŻԲ׹ⱻһ󱬣ѪĽУǧǹ֣һֻ˰ͳȥ
֮УǹէĪͷȫѪ⻯Ϊ̣ʣ¸뵰Сһ׹飬Ÿ߹ǿɭ亮⣬Ѫƴ
Ѫ飬üһճһϲ
ĪԶջʵ֮ϲѾӦԼ崫һּĴѡ
ʮֶҪԵѪת
ԳԳԣ
ͷϲȸԾš
ɴʱȻʲôѪ飬ںѵǰճ˿ɽѰơ
Ѫɷֱ֮ţԪ֮Уǧǧ򰧺޺֮µǧԹ˻
ճһ䣬ֻ֮⣬ֻһΣǺꪾ͵ɵȥУֱס
ǺˣҺҲ֣Сǻ
úãǾȻС㣬û뵽ѾɾףͨףȻɱĪԶȻʵôҲ㾭ɱȻ
׻֮ʧһ°׷ߴ˳ְգһУǵصںڰѾС
ճȥͷʮֻֿиһںڶꪣɷѪ⣬һͶǡ
ԷǿʵҪճо΢΢ЩǣЩϤǹɸ߸ϵİԵᷳ
Ԫľ磬Ѿܹ浵ɣʱС֮ʱѧ·һֻʲôƶܼǵһʱֻһתϼһﵽ˭ˡ
ԭ֮ˣꪣô磬ʵӦþүɣ֪Ϊң
۹ƾãɲ⣬ȴһͥĴʵǿꪾҵҲйԹơĵĸס
ЩأлӨΪı֮ˣȻָƣҲճϸϸ˵
ʮбҪճʵǺԸֵͷƴƴܴӮ䶼һѵ鷳
лӨǰڵţţĪԶԼȻѾ϶ңȻƴһս˶ѡ
Ѿ׼ѪսˣԼʵ̫ҲԪ񾳽ıߣսǿᣬܰһæ
ǣʱڳɱꪣѾǾ֡
ʵǶԷ̫ʢԶԶĪĪԶһСҼԱġ
˵ĪԶһսĻλ۹֮еĶ֣ȫ᲻˿սˡֻһĿ񺰣ӣӡ
֣ꪳ﷽ԲȫڳѪѹ֫ͷѣ
ɩˣҲûһ͵ڵأǱɷס˹ȥ
꪿ŭ糱ǰİ꣬۾Ҫðȴɭɭ
ոֻ뵶˹ͬǣסҷţΪĪͷҪʲô黹ֵֻ£תǺá
ȴûϵһҲûϵˣȻط̣ɵľͰĪͷѹ
⵹ҲˣֻҪĪͷӰԼ飬ʧʵҲû̫ϵǣƫƫԷܲ˵ֱɱĪͷʬ޴棬ӣԪӡͬʱɱˡ
ݣݣʬ꣡㣬Ϊβ֣ͣѵûϷ𣿡ҧгݵ˵
ɱĪԶҪƻԼıվõ׵·ôܵˣ
ճһ㶣ЦˣΪǸû뵽Ǹ񲡣ʲôͣ־֣ͣĪͷҪԣҼˣξɱã
ãȻɱǾְɣ
һ˫ꪽۡһ죬˫۱һȦƣʲƷҧ;Уܿռɷۡ
˻ţһѪɷ֮ѾһճԪ
ճֻоѪɫСߴ֮⣬Լÿһ
Ե˫ȴꡭ


1595 Ƶޣϣ
޻ѧԺԺ칫Уһϲûոûжãͣ
Ժˮѹ־ˣԺǱҲĽҲҪ£ԭҴеңȻԴС̫ˡ
Ժ͸ѹֲסŭ⣬ɳ̹ҫѩȴȫܴЩ
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Ҫκ飬ȵʵףԼı£ȥʮ˸Ҳ˼һִֻġ
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ѩɫ˵ģ˫۷Ź⡣
ҪʶʲôˡΪһٳգôĹҴ£ĵ۹жٸ֡
֪ĺͷʲôճһץĪͷİв԰Ρ
СʱճǺˣϲеǺϼһţ
ûõģ򲻴ù˵ꪱǳĴԺҡҡͷЩ˵仰

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˳ĬԶԡ

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ȵˮֱڱǣƺšŤţճڡ
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ͬһʱ䣬̤ˮԾһܿ˳ڡ
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ҡ
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ɱңԽ侲ճĿӭԾһȭ
ûǰм޼䣬еǿǿӲӲ
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ʲôסӰˣɽ֮ȫɰһ㣬˺飬ɢ
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Ƭϳг˾Ŷܣס¥֮еǣ嵽ǰߣãȻԶա
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߸ϱһ˿壬ҧҧһͷһں쾫ֱƿգɢֱۺصһը·ֻһ𣬾ͻΪͷ޴ޣֲ׷ճˡ
ꪡ̣ۡս꣬ǺֶΣլԺ֮УźǺЦ
ʱҲˣɿ֮ϣЦۡ
ֻзҲûʲôѣֻҪУû̫츳֮˻ôУҲð˾Ųʮ
ȴҲ֪ĴУԶʱ֮ڱʮ弫֪
ڼڤڤ֮С


1596 ƵޣУ
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ڷŵгֵһԲȽӲӵĻԪ飬ԪѪȻһ壬Ѿ˴˷缫ڡ
ѪԪϸ΢֮Բ÷ҲЩǷȱȴѾ˳ٽʸ
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ճֻ΢΢һǰ֮ȴͣδͣͬһȭǰ
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ִˣ㹥˵ͬʱԼҲͬʱˣ˳ȭѳ˼άķӦͬʱС
ճ£鷳ʹˣճһȭУ֮£ͬʮƥͬʱ˷һƿʮС顣
ǧϸСѪɢɿվſһ̻
һǵһμܲһȭɻҽ
ճһﳩ첻ѣȴҲǰ̾Էǿᡣ
ȻȲԼɽ֮ҲǴδģǽ޺ԪķŽҲҪԶ
ȻԶԶȲԼľתġ
ѹһ֪ҵǿᣬҲ벻ǿʹԭҲٴﵽ׺ڣȫλǿ󡣿ϧˣƫҪΪС
һȭꪵճͣ۽һɨһףԪӰҲû컨׹Ԫ糱û
һˣճһȡ

մһһ߲ɨǷɽϸѪߵ֮Уһ壬类ǧϮһ㣬ͻأ绯ɷۡ
Ѫĭ֮УȻ㾧Ө͸â˸Ĺ
һֳͬѵȺ䣬һķӣٶȼ죬·ǿӲ
ԪӡȻ׳âʵǷ˼
ɽ֮УǼˣǿͷԪȻǿֻΪ۵ǿ󡣡
Ԫ֮ǵԪӡͱȴͬԪûУԪӡȴǼǿһɢҪǿ౶
ճΪ𺳣ֻֿһء
һǺϵԪۼ壬һ΢ϵԪӡᾧߵǲͬ·ߡ
õֻҪӡֻҪһѸ׳ѣγµ壬һ˿ȱ
ϧҡ
ķԪҺճͷĬԪȫת֮ڶһǿޱȵʮռ䣬Ԫӡֻɳǧײٶţ
һ˿˿һƻҺɫӰ۶ÿһ⻯Ϊϸɲĵն㾧㡣
ɽͳԪƬ֮ڣһֻӣҲɵóȥɱС
žžžž
ձ꣬һ˻ꪵĺС
ǰϼһﶼûк߳һȻ·磬ֶΣ
ʱ˿̣һĩ·;ĸоֻڴ
ҺúõүƫƫҪˮʲôĪҵ˽ԹͲ£ô͹ϵԸˡ
ڰôҲ벻ȻǿǧҪӵһͷһᱨġ
⣬־žž֮Уŭȡš
ճɫĮ纮ȴղ
ҵġ



1597 Ƶޣ£
˵ʵܿ죬ꪱԪӡӣճԪסʮ﷽ԲɱΪնɱֻǹ
ϽϽ÷ݵսѪ纣糱ķ֮ʵ֪ˡ
ʱƼرȽֳһһʽڹԵ֮£ÿһѹСݶ÷
Σգ䣬ԮɱУŹ׼
սʮصһأ¡¡е
ʮѹѹսս֮䳲һ㣬ڹܣ۵ľһʮף׵ľڹܡ
֮䣬ʮڿȫģмһ˿Ө׵ĹâĴžװʿϣ׼һЩ˼Ͼ׼
𣺡Ŀ꣬Դء

ңԶľȺɽ֮У޴֮УȴһϺھ侣꽫ŭڣָŭȡ
ôĵӣϮսʱ׼ššߺ⡣
֮һβֱգռԶм
ƴšߺѹҺԺս䱸ָ
ߺָӳְ죬ֶϡ죬ŷ䣬׼ս꽫ݺݵһ£ǰĲ輸ɷľм

ҲˣӡӲȥ򵽵жǿѵ𣿡
Ͻͨɫָָ֣Ź˵ЩƮˡ
̾ϢǰҪûע⣬үոۼܣ˵ܷʮ֮ͬбƴɱ޵У˫ȭ춼ûһ£ɾˣ˰
ѧԨԴͨλѧĸ𣬼ʶ֪Ҫ౶ƽÿÿòʱ򣬸ͨ֡
˵֣ʵʼơ
ǰãͨҲ֪Լȱݣܣֻ밲ȵϽλãԷƴӵġ
Ͻһµ̬棬Ϊ̫󣬸ͨ۾
Ȱ˼ΣͨһУΪԼûжϴ󣬾ѺעһĽ˵ϣʱͣգɱȻ׽˰ء
үϽǳʲôԭλͷˡֻϣλ濪֮ȡüɹ򣬴Ӵ˲ܷСпܱ
ϾֻǸո̤ףڵ۹ʮλ֮ĩ۹ҪԸĲ̫ѡ
ˣˣôôùɽԣһɽ¹ȥһЩ飬ֻҪѶλȫռܻõ۹ӡ
ɽǷλ棬ΪľµͷŽ죬ȨܴҲܹ㣬췸ɱү֮Ҳлٴνλ棬Ҿ˿ɳ֮
ͨ٣һִſɫ࿴š
ȴһ仰˵ˡ

Ѿ;ĩ·ˡ
տʼʱǧԪӡĴӣ췱ǣճ֮ڣٶȴ˷ָ
ȻţֻǶ̶̼ʱ䣬ԪӡѾʣ߰ٶˡ
ЩɺĵɵĵٶȾˣ˲Ϣʮ﷽Բκһطɱ޴ޱȣӸԴնɱԪӡÿһ˿
ֻãÿһնɱ֮ԼͻɿհףȫʧȻԪɢ֮Уԭصһʹ⡣
Ǵ֮Ĩˣٲ˿ۼʱⳤ֮УҲҲӡ
󾪣Ҫʩչŷң˭ңس磬ô֣Ǭ춯սŲסˡ
ճĿĮĿڷը̻˶ˣûа˿ɱ˺ɱ֮Ҳûʲôĺݲĺݵġ
֪ϼһѾʮַʽȣԪӦ
ȫ⣬Ҳȥ
ʵϣҲס
ճɽֻݵ伮ʶô㷺Ͼͻ󣬱ȲĳЩλ棬˲֪õϹ
ڵ̨зţҲֻ֮ط򣬲ûôϡŹֵֶΣңǿĵطԼľתһʮֵķţͲŷ
ҲЩĽǰϼһѧ˶಻ͬ಻ͬ͵ķţſȡ֮ء
Σ
Լ֮ԼǿԪ̿ռ䣬򵥵ܰϾ·
ǧ㷨ŵֻǿ󣬾ڲ֮ء
˵ĸоĺܺá
ճ΢΢˵Ц⡣
ĪԶ֮ҾͲŻ˭ûȤҪӻĸ׺ãӦǱ׽ĪҡҺﻹĪϼڣӦû취շһ£ᱻġ
ץȥʱ䳤ˣճҲұ֤ĪϼǲǿԻסϧô̵һʱڣĪϼĪûʲôλҲϾǴС㡣
ȥܹõġ
Σա
Ԫӡֻʣʮʱճ΢΢Щɣͷһʮֲĸоӿͷͬմ˳ҡ

Զ׹⡣
϶׳֮УһɫƬ֮ϡ
Ŀֱָλ½ꡣ
йעһսȫſڽࡣ
ˣҾ֪Ҿ֪޻ѧԺзס
üһݣֱ壬һ˰ɡ
سƤһ飬Ҳ¶һ㺧⣺ִˣȥһ¡
ڷǰձλһϸϸĵâһͳߡ
̧ȥ硣
Լɷ̵֮۹ʱʱļƣǲֵ˾棬ƴȥ˵ޣ˭ܲˡ


1598 ƣϣ
׹âҫۣעһսȫϢţԲͬ
Ǻô㣿
ʧеŹڷѪֵ֮ܵϴǸа٣ָһܴﵽѪһҲԪˡ
ԵسȻȥһҲûģ۹Υ涯֣һֱĵǸǼˡ
ЩңӵŰ裬һ֮УֱӼӵӰ
ǰˣٻһЩִ磬һΣҸǴĳԼ׳ɵĹ򣬾ǹ˽ãֱӶþԸˡ
صΣʮֵǡ
һҾˣǵ۹أ˵˵Ժҡҹͬ£ƺ⣬ʵ
֮ҲһЩζЦϵˣܱƵҹǽҲ˵ãܺá
˵꣬ξͻӰʧ֮ϡ

ѩŴͣȫǾ֣Ƭ׹âûܷԺͳ̹ҫŭֻ֮߳Ļ
뿴ǰ˵ǲǶ㿪ˡ
âէԻ֮һĨںۣţͼһιӰԭأͦñֱ˿ƮĿɭ䡣
˾ȵǣǷƴʱָ濪ǰһͬһ㣬ֵֻǰһȦȦߡ
УŹڻУǸҲһɲܳɸˮټ̵װ׳Ҳֵֹֻܷء
Ƶִֵǿľٶ˻ԼǲΡ
ⲻʵڿӰ
סˡ
Ѫ֮ס˵ڡ
ѡӲӣǶʲô
ʵˣֻǱ󣬶Ʒšͨϵĸ֣ȴǿøһЩ
ȻҲճֱӲڵľٶȴҲܽܣܿǽڻĹ̡
ľģȻŲԶԪӡļ١
ԸԭسܵŹһҲԸĶӶүҵߣɱ֮ᣬʵ˵
Źڻ֮ʱ꪿Хţ˼Ѫһ㣬ʣļٸǵ㡮һ£Ȼٷӣǿõʱ
ۼþҪӳ죬ķɫ˵һըƺѱŭÿһϸСĵͱɳꪣѿռ仮һϸС˿ơ
һϢ֮䣬ӡ
ƴͬʱճҲȫɱ׷ɱһ˿ӡ
ɱذһߣպֵܺβ̸ʲôίܿ˵նɱճ
һĵЦڳУճüëһͼһ˿ϸ΢⣬Ծ˳·˲һ㡣
˵ֶȻ˿ϳ˵ɣճµԪֻһ裬ѱâ͸
һŵ˶Цݵ΢ˣһ֣ɫϿЦȰ˵ʺһڣס˼ɱγɵĽ⡣
ţһҪǼ㾧Өӡ£ġ
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ն
⽣˺ѿһ䣬ķʯ׵Ϣ°ȥ

سʸ˶ԷӣòУûд͵ϮЦúƶΣԷҲֻܷ֡
һѾƴɱ͸ͣˣʲôȥ޷Ǿ̸
ǸȻǿò࣬ȭꪵ壬ƾֵסŹڣٶͲΣҲ̸̫
ƾԼĵҪꪵĲл꣬ȫѴ֮ʱľѳۣ˾ǲӦҲôӦˡ
ʵչͬʼҲȷһԵ⻯Ϊ˿âɵƿԪҲ嵽ԪӡԱߣۿҪ֣ȴûϵһԲϾͳˡ
һ׶ͬƬն
سֻоԼһС壬Ư֮ϣǰˣɾ޴ѹѹЩѣǰ΢΢ڡ
ǵ͹ˣΪףѹˣӰԪתһ壬ȫﵽ۷״̬ȫеֻǿѡ
ˣԪʮ﷽Բռ䣬϶Ϊǿô˼ܣعҲ¡
ʱٶҲûãسջؾ˵֣ɫأһĨѩâ֣âֱ嶷ţԭƺٲˣһ޴󵶷档



1599 ƣ£
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¡¡ըУس嵹絯裬һ͵ʮ￪⡣
һ˶ãͷըѡµ˫ŵأֱʮףͿѪɫɷס
ͷȥҧ׵Ľ
ʲôƨ⣬ǲС˵㡣ճЦ
вһۣһ˿ڣ첻ָһȥ̵Ƥ΢΢䡣
ѾԼ־ܹۣþòɢǴδĵңƽʱһúоƴһ£ɽǲͬ
سƺǲһʵϣܵסճתʹ˫նֻ˳ʮһѪδ˵ʵ˶Ҫǿˡ
Ҫ֪ʱ˱Ȼһɻҡ
ϸ˵λսꪣ΢΢һߡ
ճһն䣬ҲȥԶδĵس磬־ץסԪӡˮ͸ķӡĵâѾ޹⣬Ԫɨ޶֪ǶԷĲˡ
ôܷŹң
ɱɱͷ죬Ϊأ
ˣңԵҲնɱһ˿
׾ͺãһ·ߡ
ճƽӿһӡĥɻҡ

գһ۾
һϸϸâңԶʣϸɲ죬͵ǰһˮװϸѪâԼϸСĿ˶
⡭
˻ľճ׺粽õİѵسնˣ˳ꪵԪӡͼ⵽˸ǰһʱҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
Զʮ￪⣬׹âҫ
ںոֵͬʱʮŹҲѾˡ
ûûճ̧ͷȥһ΢΢һΣͻγŸӰӡ
ͬˮеĵӰŤţ˲ɢ
ȵ³ʱĻоͼǽ˸֮ϣһѾΪңƮ䡣
ļ粲¡ἡƤ֮ϣһѿڣð̡
ֻǺϢ֮䣬˿ھѾ£裻ȥǻָϸ壬ͬ
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ͨʱѳ׷ϽãԭӭһƫƫΪ߸ϣĽύֻǴá
ɴʱ˿̣Ҫȥͽᣬ¶ԷҲö࿴һ˰ɡ
ǣĿ֮£ɱ۹ĺ𣿾ѳ֣ߵʣǲݲľˣϧˡ
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վԱԶԶսѾеΪ֮
棬ʮǿϢֱգңң
ʮϢ᳤죬񴥽ǲס̽Ѱ
溣֮ӿţȺɽ֮иǽ졣
Ͻһսʱ䲻㳤̬ĸ׸ֳ֣λ
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ϾԴʮǰа¼֮󣬾Ҳûг˴ˡ
ʱаҲսȺľ;ۼħң۹Χɱڶ֮ϣÿռѣΪ֮
ǶʮǷ⣬۹Ĵ붯֡
аŵѪֶΣҲһбûɢ޴档
ѵһսҲˣ
ʵϣճҲصΣ
תתɵĲǵѪñѣȻת۾ͻָôһ̣ճоʧ٣ӦһЩԪ
Ѫɫ֪ʲôͷճһУͷֹǹâϸ΢Ӿ£һ𣬷Ϊײѡ
ÿһײ̲Ĩһе
ңֲǣӲʵ壬ͬԼǶ˿ռв㣬ʮλûаѿӦ깦Ч
ɶԷһ¶ӣվ֣֮ȻˣǾве˼
ѪţԪת
ճ̧ͷȥͼһǵ⻹Ű˴Զգ޵Уǹ
񣬸Ӧ⣬ֻǵһп˴ͬҲǣ׼
ͬʱŲ֪ڰƱ֮̿Уʱ
һˣճɫ࣬һָһǱʱ͵׹⽣ѱСޱС
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Ͻ302ءǰʮŹڵĵطȻһ䣬ʹʮٶȡ
ͨŴ죬ĻԶ׷תӰʮֲ⣬ѿڽеȥǸʲô
ʲôȻǳɱΪϽȾָµĽɫʲôĴ֮ɣΪȫ۹֣ЦЦžâȻХ֮Щʲô
Ǹҽ»ĺ׳־
ǣɵ۹ôǿ󡭡
ΣŰɣһҪã֪˭ˣ
ʮŹڿڻ̣죬󡭡
װ׾¡¡ſڡ
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ճЩֻ֪ովعԼսж
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ǧ׹ļ̌ͷŭ𣬻һЩ̧ɨ䡣
һжͽ͡
ܷӿʰ߲Ӵƴ
һֻһ˾ĵףҹȣ궯ǡ
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¥㣬һͦƷٸո´˿ڳǴЦݣӹߵŮһȣͼز棬ӳճ¡¡µľ޴Ӱ
״ɱžĵ䣬ˤƬ
أӪ¥ǳݣȫһƸǡ
ԪʶɨɱȻ
˺ȫΪֽɢĩ˷俪
ϽۡһĻģȫȻʧ


1600 һϣ
ճһƻӳɷۣɫûһ˿ı䣬оâڱĴ̹Ǻ⣬գ˫ƻǰ
ն
׽𣬡ݡһֱ߿գɢϡƺһХֱƲɢԵøһϴ
УԽԽ죬ľͳһ˶İɫۣȼ˿˿⣬׵磬ƿռ䣬ճһ޴ĺɫ׶

ǧ˵еġѪһڽǧնͷϷŽʲô˼
ѵΪŸ֣׷ò˵ȷʮһư磬Ҳȥȴ̫ʹûˡ
һţš
˴ӻظû֮лعɫĮˣдһЩ
飬ֱ۹սǱķŹ۹ҲܴӦġǳĴѹĻԺ׸ֶѧǻ˵á
۹ķԼϣʹ˵ϻڣ˸ҷϲ棬ôһСҲȥս
ԣɱĪԶس磬ꪸϾɱأҸвֱǲΪӪɱ֣ôû飿
ͨһ㶣ߵǰ߿գʡ
Цһÿˣ⣬ʮǣոһŶץסβͣʱء
ôܣŲ֪Զ
ͨδ䣬ңԶһըһ󶶶һ¡
ٶʱ򣬹תӽǣһһǣʱȻϨһš

úݵֶΡ
⣬ڵ濴ֻһǹ⣬ͨ۲ʵһҲСһӴ̫ջء
žӪŸֻеܷ⣬ħǶԸȻֵĲ
һΣܶԸ͵͵ٵħͷͻ⡣
аԺģŵþȫаĲ֮
һȾġ
ʱаֻǷǿսȻǿȴûʲôԶ̹ȥ뺣棬ҲӲմٱ۹øǣΧȻ·һ
ǰ죬ȴһͬԪƿʮ֮ǧ
ֶΣ⻹ܳΪвֻҪĽն˵һأһǳأĽȫըݺҲɱɡ
˭˻ңԶ̫ջ֮Ҳ׸أͨ˭ܵסֶΣ
һ㣬ֻͨҪһ룬ͷ綷
ͷһθоʤ֮ٲ
޻ѧԺķԺҲǽüͷ̾ǿս˫Զǧٶȸܴ͸ռ䣬˸ȫǿ󡣾ܰҲ޿ɱղ˳
Ժǿ󲻺𣿰Щȫ仨ˮźáѩüЦ
ô򵥣Ѿͷ۹ʵ֮ǿʵֻڿƼ氡

ס֣죬־ܣһ·ҿԼ̣˭ҲȲ㡣
һȣ𵴿߳һצĲ԰׳չʮﳤХ䣬͵˸ǰ
צԲɣûԶһɽ纣ѹ
˾ǣӰһ˷һɰľȫýݣŤơ
ǲԻ࣬۹̫ϻףȻҲ˹ˣû뵽ҳֵһȻΪ졣
ΪֹɣԨԴĲ㶯֣һ忡ɤ
һ죬ȲԻһһλִĳ꣬վֱƿգ·նһС
һɽˮһɢͣȴ͸һķ
ԪԽ߽ճ۾гһ죬ǱǱŻĳͭ²
⽣⻹δ͸һֲԲڵζ
뵱õԽŽ崫֮ʱӰ˺ܴͬ
ʱ򿴵Ԫһ޲Ҫ˺ѵأڵֽȴΰأ󺣡
ǳɳĽǿ࣡ˣڽҲͣ½Ų
ҡ
ԪºЦţִɿվţƺûжٵ⣬վ淽򣬽һУ֪˲ûпô˵
ԪͬʱǲԻһãǰͳһͷƽڣ۵ˣü۲·˪ϲɫĮȻ
Ȼ𣿡ճ߽âһȥЦˡͷϸϸһ£ȻͷǲһսҲ˵ʲôԪ
ƿСԲѣ죡
Ǹ߹ڳϵ߻δ˵ճ߾һЦ۽Ǿͼͬˮһ㣬һϸӰ
ӰֽƬ紵Ϣ˵ǰĹָ繴͹Լĺ
ָΣ縧ң޳ʮָָ׸͸ŷâ֮䣬̳ͣ侫Ľ
һץ֮£Ʒסճܵķλ



1601 һ£
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ֵһ룬ɿ͵ͷ˵ʮּϸ۾âɭɭģҹŵǡ
£ճӰʮ޳ڲҶɿݵϣͷǴӰͻأȡ
͵Ϯҵ˻ûгأο˵̫ࡣ
ճһָɽһ½ϣꡣͿգԾˮ桭
Щһֱճƾʹ׵Ĳǿʹ򣬳֮ʱҲ˵УçۺȫûʲôϸɵĹҲǺӰȻֵԭ
Ӱ˿֣ټָ佣
žѧ۷ħӰʾǵаͻȻϮҲҪݺݵһƤ
ͷȷ̫࣬ƽ޵ľǱ˽ҴӣʱճһＤŭ񱩣ָܴ̣֮£ȴԽԽľ
Ϊ֣Լͻص˶ʱ֮£ȴȥũĸĸҡ
бϸ֮УĸһһˮæµɫڳǲصСʱһ˹ſڣŶӵš
ǵʱĵ۹˶ԲůɣǶԶʱˣУѾܾúܾûˣԴһ̫ϻʣԼͱģ
ʱ̫ϻ׻̫ӡ
ã˿ֱƤߣճһСӻ꽭ϡ˫˫۴ѣһ죬λΪһ̺Ӱֱ˵£ֽƬţһ֮͵˸߹ڳԣɫ¡
ճЦһһΣԭʧʮԶһץãԪڣһɫĳ۳棬ϸɣ̱Ҷ
μˣճҲ޹ǣ紺ҹһ磬̣һȥֱָʺǱ޿ɱܡ
򲻹ߣֺ£
ýأĻ˼䣬ӡԪ޵˵ϧѧ󽣣һ򽣵İʱճĽĿѣԡ
˵ԨԴ˵Ԫڶ֣ճڰվ֮ѧԽŽ˵ǻżԵɴ˴γ֣Ϊ˽ԹΪ˵;
ǲƽҲֻˣ⡣
δºȻһ䣬ﲨǰһ̻Ƿƽ˾һ̿ˡ
˫ִٻ죬һն䡣
ա
ռͻأݣһ룬ͲӰճ׷棬һףռƿǰͳһͭ
֮ϴ߲⣬ᰣâδļճԪѾоһ˺Ѱʹ
ýڿѿգؾ磬һΪѾ꣬û뵽ֹÿһ˶ֵĵط
Ԫ༫ԶӽֵתһӰлƿռǰֱüģճϮԪʾȴǲϲ
ǳŵϦһֻȻʵϲ֮顣
ʲô
ճһΣˣ⻹ع֮λ׸ֽսһεĺˡ
̣ƿնİؽסüģնߣҲ׷롣
ߣƵߣ߽
ʱԪһһ룬ʵüˮ
ýΪ˴л˼룬ҾСߡһȻ᲻ɱˡ
ԪճʵЩġ
˵ԼѧԷٽ˵վ糤ҲһƬĽύʱ͸ԼλԭҺͻΪԽŽ
Ҳﻹٴڻõ˼ճ˼ҵĺôȴ÷顣
ԪСŮ
ԣûɱԪȻλ𵶾Ҫǿһ㡣
ȼɸȵʵ
ճ˼֮ѾһԭѧǧҽԺﲻݱԴɫٽü˫ִһȻ¡
˵Ԫ֮ʱǴﲨճӾ뵽ݡ
һն֮оͳһ޴׶˻ƬĤڶһǴڿռз֮Уնʱ֮ͨС
ۡ
ԪгͭɽӽžһƬǰռҲɷۣͻأһɫ棬׵ơ
֫ľҪӽ񣬷̧Ҳ޽Ҫ˶ȴǽѾüġ
ˣôѧеģʮ꣬ĵĵ˼ǣĽô˴ǰس类һնʮѪһЩЦ񡭡
ԪɫҰףֻǱĿ
һᣬȴûзʲô۾ɫѾջأǳƵˣվԶЦݿ˹
˵ɱ㣬Ͳɱ㣬Ҳֻһζѣ֣ҿɾʹɱˣ̫ϻʣҲ˲ǰɣ
ճתͷ߹ڳߣԪ
ԪسȻʵǿȴһҲģ۽⵶⣬ʱˡ
ǳ̫̫࣬ƴɱʧֵĵ
һ㣬ףҲ׵ģŻһ֮Ҳ̫ǰΧ
ճɵģʵǰǻĪ̫ϻס
ԷһѾԪҪˣճĸӦλ̫ϻٻ߷ǱԶڼٸǹɼȶԵپһеĸоôҲϴ
߾߻ճﾯʵ֮ѾȫĶʮǡ
һһһԼϵ޴˱ܡ
ԼԼģճܸоÿһԱߣʱѾһǿϢǻ
ʼҵȻٶʮ׸֡
ܴԼľתתȻʱָȴǻʧԪ˵ĵԴҲԡ
òɽôٶϹѪɲһս֮кĸ⣬Ȼ˻
Ҫ⣬ǰһΪǿһſȫն
ǣڶأҪʼݣȴҲЩѡ
޵֮£Ϊӵóȥ𣿡Աλ׵Į˲Цʵ
ΪʲôҪӣһʱȴҲ֮ǰȫɱ⣬ٰѵ۶ͥƽҲ£
ճЦøġ
־һŽױӣ׷¡
һӴԪ屬ȫ졭ÿһϸʹһŽƺǿǿᡣ
Ľ֮⣬һϸСţ콣бָ棬һ㣬ܵ㲨ơ
̧


1602 ֦ϣ
ôģɱң׳һ·ˣ°޷Զ
ʵճߵϸСӰȻһϣͻΪһŵӰһԶŲçĺƴϢ˷

ܳһ͸Ļķ֣¶ټϸСѷ졣
ڲ֪֮У׾ѾʹֶΣⷽռȦԼεϢ
ˮﵹҲˣǣܹɱԪ֪
ϧǣɱԪ񣬻óվƭճԪΣԤ֪
۷ԪоΣԤ츳һпܷԼ飬ܿ
ճ֮иӦܲ׵ƺΣѾüޣǶȴûйܲ
̫ϻ׼Ȳż֣ҲһеһȫҲûٴ˸Ⱥ
һУʵȫá
ƣ
һббֱ̳ʮɣƱ֮ǰǸǿ֡

ƾӰͶϰ͸ŵĿռ侵棬ֱ飬Ϊٵķӡٳ׷ȥ
;žžžƳһƬƬԪ
ճһЦ϶ν֮ȻԽԽ黫һ˵Żһ߾˰֣ϧûá
һ´ܿռ䣬ճŷжʮ߿Ѿ˼ͷӴ׾۵糸ıʮ￪⡣
ֶβɡ
ճҲ໰кһ黯ٳѾǰһ
͵һˡ
ЦɢһƬ⡭
ֻԭسһ޴ӭճƣܲ׿Ƭռ䶼ž졣
ճĽⳤ棬鲻ֻһƬˣֻоӿ飬ԪҪ̡
֪Ǹ߹ˡ

̳ʮɵľ޴治һһճѾóҫĿڽţǰټӲǿҲɱ
˵̫ˡһգۣճȫëըϺһͳһͷۣߣ̤ľ޴Ӱ
Ӱʵһ㣬һŭָ濪һץץסһ̡

ŭ˻𣺡춯֡
նʮߵȺһͳ
ճ񲻱䣬ͲϿԿ֮ƹ⣬Ҳܡ
һҲնķһһһ˫
ǰţһ̣ǧԪӡ
תۼ䣬Ϣǿۼͬʵ찺ͷŻͷ
Ѫ糤ӷڣ죬ҡһξͱɽϽ⻷ƣѪͼԼԼ֣л⡢ˮˡءǹͣ˸
¥ߵӴһ̤棬ʯɷĩʮ࣬쭼䣬ԪسһУҲ廯Ϊ⽣âԶӡ
ǳĲ׾Ҳǰһ޺һˣȥñʱ졣
Ȼʵ
ʲôⶼ׼Ӳˣз㲻ƲĪǾ
ã̫ϻ׵Ĳ׾Ҳˣ˵סӡҲ֮һȫֵвס
ҪΧɱ֪Ҫٴۣ۹Σˡ
ο࣬οأԺ̾ȴûа취϶ʮߵѾ
˻Ľǿ౶ǰδȫʱȫŶƻ˭Ҳ󲻳
Ȼǰ˵ɱˡƽͥ˵Ŀջһա
ΪĪĪԶ˽ģֵﻢܾ˵ĵزǡ
뵽ˣûзףͬģҲû٣ҵȻܵѹƣǣȫ֮ʱٲʲô췣֮Ըҡ
Ծ鷢Ӿתʵճ죬һХ
˹糱ɢ˷ɽأ类ǧڻһ顣
ɷӰ֮г֣źӨӨĹâسӵһ㣬͸оһ𣬺죬Ƥһʹ
ôʹͣ£һѪһƬһƬƿĲƬڲֿⲻŲϰ֮ãһЩζ
ãɷһմϾʴ긯ǡ
س緢գԪȻҲ֮ɫʲôͲͣ
̫ϻףӵøһ㣬һʴ֮£оԼܵĲ԰׻׶˼֡
ҵĻʴˣ⵽ʲô
¡¡¡
֮ضɽҡһ̤ʮ֮Զ޷ݣǱǰУҪһЩ
һȦȦȺâ䣬㲻ϽĽˮ˷ڣȴԽԽǿɱԽԽҡ
ս׸֣ʮ⣬ֱսȥȴȫȥûа˿
Цɱ۵Ľ׶Σ׽ң׽ҡؼҵһЩ֣˭ȥûȤ
ɽɷɲġ
ôƾ⣬˵ֻжʮߵǧ߰ٵһʱҲңףɡ
ճȣ׷˸βӣһץſȣʹסںһ׾
Ҳ𵶻𽣣ˣ̽צץĽ֮ϣҲƲƤֻǽˮ㵴Ľâ
ͣ
ճһȥĽһ׳һȦƸǿ



1603 ֦£
ÿһ֮УѪò⹥ĵѪԡֻҪʣµȫ׽סý̵ܳϺܳһʱ䡣
ճﰵ̡
һ̣Ҳսȫȫóʮɷɷ֮
£ٶΧȾҪɷ֮һΡ
ԶʮϰٵϢôӦأ
ʱȻʱҲݲԼĴ˼ɡ
϶ʮߵ⣬ÿһԼԪʧܴ󣬿ݣȴǲ˾ս
ǧնɱ̫ǳ滹żʮǿϢš
ԼĽϰգ˵ʱ׷ʱ䣬û˹˼ɣȫΧð졣
̫ʱ䣬֪ʲôŹֶΣ
ȻռϷ磬ճȴһЩ
ǰس确ֶۡξѾԪġ߽̫ϻ׵׻Ҳ˵ʹֲͰԼסвʵҲܴ
ꪣȻ飬ѾɢֶҲǲףˣԪӡܹӲдһӣ춼ɱ
ֻ˵Щ磬׸֣ʡ͵ĵơ
߻ٵĶһЩƣͷ˭ҲŪǵʲôı죿
һһǰճȻȫ£֣ͲˣѧֶֺܶΡ
߽һѧˣḻԼĹֶΣҲʧΪһ¡
ǣʮϰٵ׸һӵϣһʲôɾ˭Ҳ֪ˡ
ο֮ͬһңԶյ⡣
ճҧҧʣ߼ٱӵĲ԰׾ҧסţۼ׷ˣȴֳһɱᡣ
ɱͥɨƽ᲻ٸҹң
ս֮СͷսʵһǾǾԼ̣֮֮ܵĵط
ڽͷΧ˫ȭѵֵʱǾƴץסͷĿݺݴֻҪԼ֮ǰѶԷſ£ҲӮˡ
һˣʱܿת򹥻ǳɨ⡣
вͨġ
ǳ鲼۹Զգǰ֪֮ңһܴġ
ǻҺѹű󣬵ʱǼѣԣճĿǰ˵ܲǡ
ԸӲŹɱҪĿȻǹͷ֮ˡ
Ҳ̫ϻס
󵨣̫ˣҳӣˡ
һӣһ߿ţʱѾоͷöˣǰʱ棬뵽ߵ˾棿
ǵа񣬱˹ҲҪܲ˰ôĳɱ̫ѧˡ
Ͻͨʱ̱ڸ΢΢Ŵ죬Ŀɿڴȴһͷ
ҸҴģǸ֮ǰûֶΣһǶʲôУһҪõһҪú̽ĵҲˣźֶΣܷŹ
Ժͷţɥһս˶ˣϴε翪жȷѵõ档
ʱҲ֪жڴˡ
ү㲻ȥæ𣿡ѵõľʵ
æﲻˣʵһȥͻ̣ͨ̾ϢҲǣҲǣ鷢ϽôǴ

Ϊֹɡ
ͻȻһŹâһؾͻģ
ɽ֣ʯӵתۼͱģũԭĴȵϸૣǷģǳ̫
źСڼңԶߣǽڶߡ
̫֣ճͼ̫ɢůĹâ뵡ƴɱ֮ġ
֮ʱ¹ˮһϣƣȫӿʫ黭⡣
ûǶʮߵ⣬ǰӵ񱼼ӰҲεþһСˮỺڵ
Ԫسˣͥɢ˵ˣܶ㲻ϡ
ճһݣͷԼ
ﻹʲôɽ
ԼȻŰֻֽ࣬ʣҲûʮɷ
ǻþһ˭ˣ
ճ⣬Ĵȥ
ǰƬóֱ÷˼ֻסһξ룬Ŀȥޱġ
ʵ罵٣ȫ
ʯɹŵĹɢʳķ㣬Ĵֲũˣź飬ţ³İҫŵߡ
飬ɨ衭ճһ߲ʹâһͿһա
УﶸȻ飬תš
һ߹Զֱ͸Żʵ֮һׯϣһȴӳ𣬸ɱ롭
תţ໥Ӧ͡
ϸʱͳһɫ⣬һдš֣һš¡֡
ԭ
ճһ΢΢
飬⣬ߵĹµ·
ȻͶӰ
˵Ǽʵ
ĲǱˣֶҲֻзš
ãճ֪Ϣ֮УߵľԵĲ֮·¶ִȫ
ڰ磬Ϊһߵĺ
ô˵粢ǻҲͶӰ
ļȻճҲæųˣû̫Ҫ
ΪԭȥңҲţȻԷж׽ҲǸˡ
Ը񵭣ԼûʲôͻϲڳֶԸԼ
ȻֶԸԼճҲôġ
ѹʵľתϾһ޷⣬ԷߣкֶܶҲòģԼûһƴ֮
ͲæճֻǾţû˵
Ϊһ֣ŤƬصʵңԶյĶʮ߿ҲסԼûٴμ
ѾԿŵ̬ȡ
ৡ
Ӱһգֱɸ߹ڳ۵ʮصĶգʵţ㽵ͶӰ׼ʲôѵҲҪҾ𣿡
ھ㣬̫ϻ㻹ôȥ᲻³ѿ֪˼ҿɾͲˡ֮䲻Զ̫ϻصޣ
һĴ˳ǰӰһΣͳһſ۷Ӱ΢Ц
˿ճҲ˼ֻ꣬һ˫µĲɣ·ǧ꣬óһҲСˡ
ɱңûôףֻҪ㲻֣ڣ˭һأƺһȴǾ衣
Ҳȷŵʲô뷨
ѵЩһֱ۹ţﲻ̫һγźûᣬԻҶˣ


1604 ԰·Զϣ
ţǰһ̫ΪΪֻǸ߳һ㣬û뵽ѾܰͶӰʵѾﵽ㲻䣬粻תĵزˣԪ̾ʵ
ûôҪﵽ綼תǰ˽ʱﲻͶӰֻӻ˰ˡҲڰվѧԪҲס
⻰˵á
ճһ˽ʱﲻǾ߽׶ˣ
㣬粻תڣ㣬Ҳ˵ԷҪﵽŽɾˣ
ճĸоŵĻһڣ̫ϻ׺Ȼ
ϼһһֱţƺģ㱻ԪӡҲ治ɫ
ʱ˿̣ȴȫǿ
Ա߱ýԶĵسҲˣͬдſЦеԲݺݵĳ鶯һ£ҲάֲסЦݡ
Ԫ˶ͷһճ˵ʲôû˵
ʲôҲ֪Ķ
ʱ˫֣ͣճŷЩ˶ЩŹ֣ԼĪҵĶԹ˵Ϊ۹ҵүȫû֡
ǣԪ͵سҲС
̫ϻףԼꪱɱ֮󣬾类һ㣬һ¾ͺ۾
տʼʱճΪꪹܣϵ̫ãԲŻἱ͵Ǵôһᣬоȴֲ
Щ˻֮Уûһҳͷ˼
ΪΣ
ѵʲôҲ֪Ҫԭ
û̫ף׳˵ţ޹أҪֻסСӲɣǰ棬Ҳ֪¹سɵ;õĵ
ŵ˵ͷԳЦǲϡͿһҲԸƽԲС̫ϻʼȻ飬ҾͲˡ
һ䣬ǰռ˱仯ͬҿһ㱡ɴͻȻָֻԭɽ볤ӣçç־
ɫ䣬һȣףҪڷɸ߿գҲǳһҪ뿪
ԪسɫҲһ䣬ڵӰһ㣬ֻһ
˸
ǰͣʱȫ»ָ
ճһЦ
˵ӲҪӣһþͻóŸӰܽһƣƿ֮񳱰쫷硣
ǰ׷ŴҪӷճһֱɲҲöС
ʱͻȻ֣⻹δοͬҷӰŵӰһ͵׵ߡ
ȥɡ
ХץճϽǣճϽŽͬʱ䡣
ȫñɢΪӡ
𡭡
ʮɷۼɷֻ֮һˣԪӡͱȫʴݻ١
СӣȻĺɱҵġ׵ӡΪɢ
ףڼԶ֮ճͣЩ졣
Ҳ̫˰ɣȻ˾ŵڱ漫ԶӦڻʳ˰ɡ
һâʮ˸ϵ˾ΪһۣͷڣƮƮӰûԶͣ˵죬Ҳԣʹ˰Σ
ԪسԶԶţﰵһ
ʵͲȥˣǰճƴһ֣Ȼ֪ǿ⣬ֻ̫ϻƫƫ˵ãһҪ֡
⵹ҲˣԭΪɴӣҪƵöԷòźãıԼȫǵ֡
ǿӲ⣬ʧ߾߷Ԫˡ
ԭǱ⻰˵ģһֱǺɱĵģЩ˲ƺĲȫҡ
ճЦǹʱѾͣ˷䣬ʮ֣׵֮ƽûмŶ֡
ؼǣϵöˡͷܷ۹ʿһڵ۹ҽλ԰佱
ǵ۹ֽʵԪ껡
Ԫ껿Ц´ᣬ̫ϻҲ½Уôܴ󣬹ϵɵ;
˵һ䣬ҲͲϸ˵ֻʵֵ֪ܷ½٣ʹ˽ҹ¡
ճ룬ֽյ飬ʵĪԶξˡ
һĴ⣬ĸãԼȡԣȻ
ꪣ˵ǰ֣Լ԰Ҳǲˡ
ѱԼûɢҲûʲô˵ġ
ճԪæЦĪˣ񼫣ƾֵɴáׯ԰ռ̫Сʮȫ㣬ǽҩ԰ݣԱ㡣۹ΪϮ棬Σ
˻
ʮλ׸֣ȫɫû˶裬ֻĽĿ˹
һЩֻǶճƵĵ⣬һϸСһۣ˼
¹Ȼ󷽣ճ΢΢һ㶣˱Ԫʲô
˵۹û͵÷Щװɣճֹʵ
ôûйͣꪺĪԶΪף˽Թ֣˼޹ƽϢ£Ҳ󹦡У´⹥Ǭ˹˽ãѾ£޹ʳֶԸңҲҪ޶⳥֪ɺã
ԪϣǷԸ޲ðкôԼճһʱ֮ͷˮ֪Է׺«ʲôҩ
Ȼ˺ôԼҪģҲá
ʲôʾʹӦʾᡣ
ǾͶлˡֲЦˣճһЩıĪ׽ȥĸ׺ãȻᣬҲٶ˵
ԪЦЦкһһӰת۾ȫȥ
͵Ҳ뿪ֻ뿪֮ʱ΢΢ЩС
ɽżš
壬ϷӦ֪ʲôԭɣ
ճ죬һҲ·Ŷ쵽Լʲôԡ
һ֪Էʵɢúܣ֮Уһˣڴ˷ȴڴ˷ûбҪʲô¶ùܡ
ˣճȥ鷳ԷҲûԷһѣûŮ̸飬ȥ
ǱۣճȷԳһ常ΪԷһֶûне̫ȡ



1605 ԰·Զ£
ȥõ˲ҵЩûСҲ˴ολжˡŵͷ
𣿡
ճϴȥٻŮλ֮ǰ˵Ҫȥһλ
ʱ䣬Ҳһˣ֪ûС
ӦûУ
ϽĪôңз͸ôҲŷŶְæġ
ˣȻǵɵѾͷ߹Ӱһ¶۹΢ů⣺̫ǳˣöУԣγȥʱó㡣
ҲճΪλ֪Լһֱδ뿪ֻ´ճһۣȻЦȰһ䣬Щ˶λԵúأʲôôˡ
ԵôףĳЩҪѰһԵȴûʵԵʵǽѡ
ˣŴЦ㲻ϸǣ²кôҿĺô󡣡
Ժ⣿ճһ
ЩˡЦα鵭֪ôȥлƮһҲ֪㵽׺ĪѾͷȻأϧоѡ
Զ
ճüëһûԷô뿪ġ
Ҳ֣Է缫Ȼս̫ǿҲֻΪⷽѹƣһЩ漰Сֶ÷棬϶ҪǿԼ̫ࡣ
Ӱȥ٣ʵ㲻ʲô¡
֮ԶԵ۹̣ҿǴ򲻹Ϊ̫붯˵˼ҵĿͲⷽ硭ֻһССͣȫҪ̫˼ȶƽ;ͺá
ãĪѾͷ˵Īϼɡ
ճһʱ͸о΢΢ļ£֪ǸԼйϵΣա
ܽһͻգϽ

С㣬ĪҴ㲻ɣҳ⣿ڻ϶·һβһȥúϴһݵűϻѪ
˾ĪܼĪ磬ʮ˽׷Щ˲̫Īϼֻ֣ƵΧ¡
Ī磬˵ôЩĪҼʱҵ˿ҲҴС㣬ĸ׶סӴС㣿
ĪЦִԲҾͲˡ
ĪϼɫҰףŽǰͷļͷһѪ
ȴǹϧײײıţĪլԺ̫󣬼ۿžҪܳţǣ׷ԽԽࡣ
ճһľĪϼˣԼĸ׺Ҫץס龰ò£϶Īϼ˱֣Ȼ׷ɱ
Щ׷ǿľǰĸĪ磬ΪĪԶµĵ֣ҲĽʵ
ǵΪֳܷϽսĪԶҲһŲ֪ʱ־Ҫٴΰ׽ȥ
ĪϼĿĪһּʮλƵźסȥ·ӿһɱ
ճѧһЩСһȥҲڿ࣬Ͼʱ䲻Ϊֻˮƽ
ȻһСˣĪȣȴǲЩԶ
ھ䣬ͼͻȻһǰꡣ
ͦɷĪ磬һ𣬾ͱһɫնء
һƬҽʮ˵ɳȥûϢ
ǰһһӰߡ
졭Īϼӻ˻ΣоסŵϤϢ¶ϲɫ
ĽǲаԺöճЦŵ
磡
һһͷճˮȻһܵ˾ţ޶˶˱ץСίòС
ǹϧʵɱǣ°ɣ
û£ĪԶˣĪѲΪǣ۹Ҳû˻鷳
ճ˵ŻЩͷֻǼׯ԰ٵˣɩǵûš
û¾ͺá
ϧӦ̲ٹע£߼æ죬ϼȥҽԺˡ

۹ЧʱлҪߡ
ֻǹ˰ʱ䣬ٵׯ԰ͽӴʮׯ԰Ķء
ׯ԰ɽ̨ͤլǽøʼ԰ֲࡣ
ЩǰʩĹԱææµµģҲʮֹ
ճһ죬֪ͷרŸ۹԰޽ĴʦʲôҲû˵ˣڡ
ͻе˽ϱһ󹤵أׯ԰ȦһƬأ滮ҩΣΪԺء
ϴΰңճѾȥٻŮλ棬ֻǹϧһЩæһΣϽͷ϶ˣƽǲŽĵĶһʳһ¹ϵ
ұϢȻΪ˾ĹңΪϽ¹ȻϱһЩһЩ࣬ȴҪܶࡣ
ϢʮͨǲˣԵһսҲ˵һλնɱλֵ꣬״ʲô塣
ϴϢǣĪҼ׸ĪԶȥĪҼ̳˱Īϼ
Ϣͨʿȴ֪ĪʵѾңλ豸Ҳׯ԰
Щ£ճ˹ϧȻĪϼлӨһ԰֣ҲĽһˡ
ȻʳǵͲǰΪΪͣҪҵһùŮŮвٵġ
ֻҪǮ㣬ײڲһЩ绨ӡࡢڡ
ͻСѧǲòļ¡
һ޻ѧԺǷˮ𣬳˰ͽֺãֻ㻨Ǯͨ˼ꡣ
͸ǰࡣ
ܺá

ճվլԺĻ俪ޣ΢΢Щ
³ǰʱҴӴƼӡֱӴ˵أĪԶͷ֮Уͱ֮㡣
ֻصʱ㣬ʱȼˣֱӵ£аʵԡ
뵽Լʧ磬ճΪٸߣʱҲ̲ס
ΥˣС¡ɺ㫑
뵽Լļ硢硢һЩδ˺£ճѹֲסϲá
ҶԣѾȥ꣬ǵʱӦûб仯Ȼͣһ̡
ʱવš
̫ͷ
ճ԰Уɫڣʵ飬ʱŪôӦǼ磿
ûŪҲЩţʱȼм¼ģѾ࣬ʱΪ˶Īͷ򹥻Ҵ˺ʱգıĺֻܿܲʱ䡣
ֻʱ䡣ճһһŭзڣǿѹСѾͷش֪Ҳֲ
ʱСѾͷոһʶ¶ģ鶼û֪һС磬Ҳ⡣
ǣҪβҵԼʱ硭ããʱ֮УôѰ٣


1606 һ⣨ϣ
һ֮۽ͷճܾ𾢷磬Сݡǽ԰ĻȫɪɪԶֵ߹ˣͻȻоͷЩĴеˣˡ
ܵĵģûֲʲôԣȴʮֲڣæм֪ΪʲôҪܡ
һƶ
ճԪ񾳽磬ѾԶͨɱˣΧҲǹ
̬һңѹ֮Ӱ쵽÷Բʮ棬ͻȻϦĺ
뵽ġֻһֱǴⷽȥ룬ǲԸҲ˵ĺ᲻ᵽĳһ죬ЩϤ˺£Ѿ໯Ϊһûҵҵ·
ԽԽңճ̾һ֪Լ˼ãʵҲ޲
һܾúܾöûеġ÷˪תʶ֮Уһ꺮÷ѩŷƣ
壬
类ѩϴȫնľˮһǰʡ
Ӵ紩һ̣ٵԼ͵£һμ۹ʿĪҵϽýٻŮ磬ɽ磬һɡ
һһεļ䣬𽥻һľ糤Ӵˣǰ
Ժͷһ죬Īͷһ泩ԡ
ȴУһֻĵĶ³򣬿ܺÿ˹һԵķ籩Ϊȶ򣬻ܿռ˱仯Ӧ
ֻ΢΢˼³򣬾ɲɲĺô˶£ԭӦ÷չĹ켣Ŀȫ˰ɡͲԭ죬ҲͲǱģ
ôڻصԭʱ㣬ҵؼҵ·أпܣ˷Ѿĵʻԭķλòͬʱ䡢ռҲһ
뵽ճн˹ֺݺݵԴѿڶȻѾģôԭʱ㣬һһͬ磬ǸȫûҸıĺۼֻ˵Ѿ֮ǰ
ճ۾ԽԽ֪Լ벻ףͨ͸ֻΪʶ㣬Ϊʵڸ鼮濴һЩ²룬һܷԼ
Ǿƽۡ
Լǰͷ仯ÿһΪΪ֮䣬ƶԭ켣
˵ʱվһ󺣣ôÿһǺһɰӣĿ棬ҵĳһɰӣȵ뿪һʱ֮˵ɰڻˮɢ࣬ܵǱһСʯͷ
ðɣ̫ˣ⣬Ҳ㲻ӦѶ㣬粻Ҳȥп֪ˡ
ۼ˷羳ߵˣȻλˡ
ΪĹϵճʵ̫Ŵš
ֲɵӣȻһΪһŮס䱦ĸףϻԴԼŮĳСĴ治˵ǿ˳ۡ
ôȻ˱СӣָоΪ˵
ճʵû̫಻е뷨ֻһѣһ飬һСãŻ˼롣
Ϊ߲ߣڶԴŮ棬ͨ˻Ҳû̫಻ͬġ
߳լճ˰֣ʾŵĳӺӲҪԼȥ
ºܿ죬˳յļլԺȥ
ò̫ԶСʱܵ
ʱϰѧ֮һΣ־ҲںţƨչʾһԼҴС׽ǸӬһΧ
ԭ˵ⲻʲô£һҫ
Ȼûб֮ǰȻ·ߵ죬ȴվûл̤ҵͥġ
ճǴαȥһΡ
ļܺãȫȴ£·Ȼ졣
ϴĴϣĺ쳾ϢͽһС꣬һˮʩʩȻҴš
ôҲ֡
죬ôˣûһΪԶأЦճŵĹ˹ôòǺúӡ
ֻǲϰ߿šճЦЩϰ飬ӡϴʱȻºͣĵȴǲ޲ŵԶ
տ͸һ˿̽ͺ棬ȻĻС
ϴûеõϿɣһȴĶ˼ѰŮ𣿡
ĸ￴Ů۹⣬ճ̵ò࣬ЩĵõģʱһЩͷ
ʱ䣬Լⷽ㣬ҲѾʮˣҲʮ˰Ҳѹ֡
ȵ֣˽ݣкźȲ裬зţ
죬ò̫ɣ״ȥһûл˵һ붫йƵ磬ѧ黭һЩҹСʫʳ͡⵹Ҳˣ׻һ߽ɱˣҲ½̻ˡ
Ҿ£Ƿûչˣѹ¶
Ͳһ㣬Ľ˵˳ü֮ŨŨĸºȻ
̱ģҲܺã쳾ҲȷбҪơ鲻·λ֮оһһ͸ˡ
ճЦӦͣһм˵ѡԵ͸¶һԼ˴λеĸ
Ҳûб˼иֶŮĹġ
ǧĸǣˡ



1607 һ⣨£
ճλ棬ܹ֮ܿ״̬ʵΪ˵壬еһԭ
Ͼһԭ壬ԭĸ׺˾һİˣ۴һ˵ܺ޸صĽгĸ׶֡
ǣճ˵ʵ޹ѪԵ޹飬غ顣
֮󣬹ϧͰӣȫѪĶԴҲǰ׸磬ƽﲢôչãҲһ
ǳĸ飬һȶʱ˵Ҷİˣδ˵ȥˡ
ճ˵ǲѣʵĻģϧԴԼǰֶŮֿĸ顣
и
ǹϧȻǸİˣԼҲԭ죬ĸӳصĸ֮Уճܵġ
䣬ϲǵ˵Żճһ¾ЩһЩ¡
۽һɨͼ˫˽ǸոŪݣմһЩˮ
죬ׯ԰ϽһָģŰݷõı˵żˣ㲻ȥţزΪѯϢɣ
Це˵Żȴ󺣣ƺһС
ճվЦ常Ŀ棬СֶðȴҪһ⡣
ʲôʲôճλӰڵúսʱһºġ
ӹϧߴۣźʵԼ
Ȼǿʮᣬ²δǵ¶ۼ
Ŷʲô⣬̫ˣҿɴ£˲һڣɫЩ롣
ճ֪ǶԷĴ󲿷񣬷Եʣֹһ¡ڱ壬̫ԣʱ䣬ֻǱ¡
һ£һ磬뿪֮û꣬´ҵǲԭ磿ʱǲƣ
һŴúܿ죬һâƺʲôλ֮Ҫģûжλ´ҵģԭ磬ֻܿǱƣпܣ뵽һʱ䵹硭
˵ͣһֵô˵ɣ֪ܲ⣿ʱ䳤ӹǰһǰᣬǾ֮ڡ
ǧ磬ɳС磬ֻǷŴܵһݡڹʱǧҲãɳҲãĲʵ۴С磬ʱ޷пܣͬ磬ĳһʱ㣬ҲݻͬĽṹ
˵ҡͷЦЩ̫Զˣֻһƶϣռ޾ʱ˳ĳһܴﵽƿʱյĵزŪס
ճЩһһԼҪһؼϣãһЩ
ŵ˼ˣ˵ʵǱģǾ硣
ҪӸԴϽ⣬ƿʱգʱʱ䡢ռĳһ㣬ҵԼҪҵ硣
Լϣʱǲܵġ
˽ʵƿʱ𣿡ճʵ
ܣҲȷɣϾҲûﵽһ֪ķΣһ㣬Աʵƶϣ˽׾תҲǵŽɾףǿԱ֤Լ뵽İҪͷ𣬲ʱպ˽⡣ȻǸ츳ʱһ輫ߣҲпġ
Ŀд֪̽ЩʲôĪҪλ濪أҲõģֻҪ㣬һ߷ܱ֤ʧ򡣡
ֻʣԤԤϣСֶö׼ˣл常󡣡ճչЦĳȫȴʧ磬Ѿʧȥ˼磬˷ȴʱܸӦ
һᣬճǳһпչ档
ΰݷ÷ţʲôõĴ𰸶ûеõճȴ΢΢һЩ㡣
ѰҼ磬ֻҪа취ͺãµʲô취ûС
񾳽粻ǾʱհǾѧϰ
һ죬صǸʱ䣬Ǹռ䣬˳ϣҵơ
ʱɵȡѵҪ˶ӵһ顣
뵽ճе㯺ͻ˶־

ҹ£Զ𡱵ģĻһȮʡ
ɽֳ˫վٻŮ𻪳԰⣬ĿĿԶſڵĵĸ׳ĺӣȫִִɱڡ
ԶһЩٶ׵ĺ䣬ڽֵ֮ϡ֣ɽʿ뿪֮ǰ׼˵ģʱ䣬ɻϡ
⵶Ůһܷߣǽľģ񶼿ˣûɣ
û⣡
СӦ𣬺ڰǿĦ£һǻߣȻԽԽ죬һȣɱ
Ųס
˷
ֻǹ˼죬ٻŮѾ˰ࡣ
ɽҲټԭı㣬ճڳϽһսҲŵˡ
ȻֻĽ۷壬׼Ͷ㵽սҲͼճĪԶٰꪴûɢĳ档
ǽӰӲŵ۹Ź⣬̫ϻǱӣƲһ
ɽʮ־ᣬǺǺ£ЩˣûкҩɳԣҲֻһߵˡ
ҹ´ָҪȥٻŮ磬ѸײڶֶΣѽϵؽյУǲôԸġ
ǵͨ˵ԺλкôȫԼϽȡһ֮ɽ̾Ķˡ
ƿһ󵽵жյԭҺܻöҩĺͻԵ̫ͨ˽⣬ɽǰΪɢˣȴǾöˣȻ
õ棬Լܷܿٴﵽףʱڵ۹֮Ҳһ
֮츳ԴҲҪһ
ֻҪж죬õôٰ֮ѱһֱǷ֮У۹Ҳҵҡ
ȻкܴΣգȴҲżǿĲԡ
Ϊʱæׯ԰飬ûʱٻŮ磬ûбԪǸʵͻСǻˡ
ȵ췢͵ϮʱȴѾˣľѾݻ٣Ҫȥ͵¶һˣΪҪΣ˹¼ҹˣԼ
ңɽһֱľ֣ƴȨǴ뿪Ϣײ㽫ʿ֪еơ
ֻҪľλɱԽƭвϿԾС
֪²֣һͳ£첻֪ôģһֱδѡ
ֻҪƿⷽȫ֣Ѯ֮УͿԾԭ֮ءɽ̴úܺá
䡭
űһƬλø֣ͬʿ䳱ˮһӿ롣


1608 ϣ
ɽţͷӿһѪ˷
ֻҪ˴ͻϮ֣ҲͬʲôǻԵǻԵ
죬Ϊǳϣ˵ܹԼûһССݾҸҲ̫ˡʲôԼ÷
Ź󣬾һɽڵǰڻѵҫ֮£͸Ե׳ΰ
ɽһ𣬰飬һЦոճڣǰһ
ֻǰԺ㳡֮ϣʱͻȻͱõƻͨ
ѣһȵȼ㳡УվŵһŰۡİꡣ
ҹ裬Ҳҡҷ
ɽҵܾˡ
ճЦڻӳ֮Եø
ãз
мˡ
󶥿׵ʿ㣬ȻվͥԺ㳡֮ϵİӰ
аʮҽԺ
Щ˵ȻӣҲճһϹսλ˹˹ĵĽʮ˽⣬ʱһе
ʲôƣľѾûʲôսһĿ֮ɱ
ɽ֮ǰʿͽֻܻѳƶԷ
ܲ˵ԼЩһ磬ľ룬ֵֻһֻܱܴ£ʵܻܿﲻĽס
ɱ
λøҲǴƶЦݣǰ
ڱȣʱѼϣȻûԷǲҲֻǰˡ
ɽ籼׼ǰܣ˫ţ;硭
̡
ģԺӶ죬ɫٸ־޴Ѿ䵽ճǰ
ˣܿɽź⡣
ãĺ촸ȻԼˣǸˣϧ֪
ճһоһر仯
㳡֮оͻȻֹЪк֮ҲƺúңԶǾҪ˫ͻȻһ٣ͬţǰС
˶ɽ˵ξ类ĳӣÿһ׺ס
סԪ򣡡
ɽ֮£Ҫˣʱоȫ֮ͬУǰѣҲԼҲһһ٣ޱȣǵļⶼתˡ
£Ҳ⣿ճǺһνʣֻǰһ
˵磡
ƾ棬ǰľ޴֮ϣǴ䡱һײ
һ졣
ɽߴǵɶؿȥһ䵽棬ͿѪ飬ȫ鴤š
һз̫죬ĸøֻδ嵽ǰתΪ֣ӡ
ȻˣͶȥɡ
ϡ
ʣճֱһɫâλʮԶ
λָոתͱӹ߰ʮλż׺䣬Ҳնһʱ֮
ŵöбڵأ
ֻһնͰѼԱ󽫺֮һʿնɱֻɱ˸⣿
׺ļһҲ󣬼Կȥʲô³
ͶȫǸָʹģҵ£
ɽһѪһġ
Ϊǵһ£͵ڵϣǶճһʱϢк
ڵóӶҪˡ
˭˵ع֮սͻ½ģ
ͨ˵Ѳׯ԰Խ̵Īϼδ˷ģôǿ򡭡
ͶճЦԺٴαѱ𣿻Ϊɵӣ
ˣնݳĵ
ճгһ𣬾ֱ
ۡ
˿Ĳ棬Ӱһʹñɢһ侢ķɨ
£񣬱նɱ᳹ڣҪٴͶ̥û취ˣɱ˾ҪɱҲĺݡ
Ҳٷִɱԭˡ
ΪÿһҶ׸֣ǿ˺ġ
ͨĽ׻ĽµĶսɱû̫ϵ꣬ʱ½Ϳԣ֮ЩȻգҲֻһϷǿġ
׸֣ǶоĽ׸֣Ǿͺ鷳ˡ
նɱҲͬʱ𣬴ʱȥȥˡ
ЩıѣﲻˡѺ͡
ճ
ǣ

ۡ
ϽúԺ֮Ув豭ϣˤ÷顣
㡭㣬㾹ȻȥĽϻҵɽɱˣɫɷףסؿڣЩ
޸ͨʵǲԸġ
Ϊھңǻͨһ˵ǲôӴֱһģκΣһȻǸˣһ;ȴǺ츳ȻʮͷԼҲܿá
ô˹
ǰЩ껹ãͨһֱԼƴӣȻҸûǿ
ЩӣҲ֪ӳʲôëΪ븮еСԱߴ˷磬ͨ鵹Լš
ͻȻɳɽж˸Ͳ֪׸ͨĵӡ
ѵûһ𣿻Ϊ˼Ĵ



1609 £
ʲôţֲûȥ˶һˣΪͱ۷壬սƥ޶ԣһżѵõĻԵǵ۹Ҷѵġ
ܹƬҵΪ֮ʣͻ࣬޹йᱻǨ
ͨдʡ
Щ۹ΪϽؽ󸮣ٷʮЩȫûͨԼλϽζȻס
۹͸¶źţѾˣΪȶʱûжֻҪȵϽƽܿӦûϽһְ
Լ²ŪϽһ㣬õĽȥְһ̣Ľ޷Ԥϡ
пΪֺ¹󣬰λ
ϲĽڲٴֵڴ
㡭Ϳûϰ䣬ʱͷԷΣҲ˵֣ܲܵ˵죬ôֵڿѵԸưͿɣ
ô᣿ͨãȻǻҵϽģ뿪ãѵǿռ˵ռݻҵҲܹġ۹ԣλԹᣬʩֶΣ˭Ҳֲ˭ǲǣġڶɱʲô˵ġ
ͨЦҪ־͹ֻһûʵߣȵɽ֣ľѳۣϱ͸۹ҡб»ţʱ޷ǳƤѡ
ԭˣԭ⣬ãͨҲµûɽ֮ԴӦգӦҲ˺ܴŵɡų֮󣬻ԴͻײŻع顣Ƿ磬Ҳû˭ܶԸˣ֮õʱڿռз֮У˭ҲҲţҲûʲô֮ǡһȫ̡
ʲô𣿡ͨѹѹЩԼҷ˵үУȻֱԼ֣Ƿˡ
Ƿ˼ھһЩϵϴóԼͰˣ˼ָֻţ˵ԼҲԣҲãʵںܡ
ҳϵˣû뵽ʵ˿٣ûаסĪҵѹüëˣҪڵ۹߲¹ͣſֲ˴Ͻ֮ҵΣȴǲòˡ˵ʱʾãҲ飬ʱı
λˣȻȻΪ˻֡ȻҲûʲôԣϾϽԲ˶Ҫصġһ죬˲㽲أֻʵǻʲô
Į˵Ѿʹļס
ʮа˾Ųȥ𵽵ʲôԣֵǲϽĵ̣
Ȼ۹뷨ƣһܹڹ컯֮´׷̫ϻĴӵˣһܽص
˭ȭͷ˭շȨ

ͻȻһĺ
ͨһȻŭȵʲôôл갡㣿
ˣɽˡѾ˳Ϣȫޡ
ʲôͨɫһס
ν˳ǵ۹е֮豸ľˣ겻һջع飬ǲڿռз֮УΪȫ
һ걻ռ䣬ڵڵء
ֹܣһֹܷ£Ͼ֣ڽ֮õʱûз֮˻ô죿
һܣܹ֪ˡ
û׻ƣȻţ֪Ҳһ鷳顣
ðɽڵˣѾɢһҲûӻ

죬죬ˣҹ뿪ǰ۶Ͻܴˡ
ͨɫ৵һ±ûҰס
ֻ벫һѣɹȻԵ۹йƬƿУ㹻ĳ۹ֱҸϽ̸гƤ
ȻϺܿܵ⣬ȴǼڵģôࡣ
ڣȴһˣòұӻνңͺˡ
ɽʲôģȥʱ˵ĵһ֣ܵȴû뵽Ƿһͨҧ﷢ݣЩ塣
ˡ
һԺ֮ͻأһӰ
󡭡졣ͨһתͷͼۺĿ˹
ҹôãҪʲôѵ۹𣿡ͨ˻
ģҶҲøһӣɱġˣǶǺ֮ˣ֮дһ¼գ˭ʲôճЦ
ͨӭ洵ľ磬ȴҲ˵ˣǰһĿâ
ֻо֮ͬУѹ֮£·ͣضԷ
顣
һһΪڸͨСüġ
ֻͨȫʹԪ𵴣һûˡ
һ̱ڵأĬһԼ壬͸ԪʱѲӰֻҪԼͷʹѡ
ҵԪͨ˫ĿҪȴôҲ
ճսʣ˻ԭûһ㡣
Ҳΰ֣۹˶ΪϽųۣʲô˶ɱȫҡԣܵίɣ˭أ
ڷ˵ϣͲҪˣô˵ҲǺһЩ棬ӴϰɣƽҲûʲôá
ճ˵꣬Ӱһ㣬ʧϽ֮ڡ

ͨˣ
޻ѧԺҡͷ̾Ϣ
Щ˾ǿƣǿԳͷҲˣ·Լѡģֲˡ

Ԫɢȫ٣ûĿܣݰ۶ʹԪأú˸ΪãǸĽϾУñ¶ݣҲͼı£ֻǴԵС
ǣ¡һ΢߹
ϽȥһϳɳصĸְɣҿҵķͲ
ǷΪף̰ϲ棬ǲһ
޷˵޻ѧԺ϶˽ֶȥϽҲŪʲôΪһ㣬еһĺôϲȾ治£á
΢һ£ͻȻȻ򣺡Ӣ
ʮˣΪߣϲֽѣ˸Ը񴾺һŵ֮⣬˲û̫츳ȻҲûʲôҰġ
ҲǻӶѣҲòôãǣһȥϽȴǸոպá
ȷϽ󸮣ͳһѣ˭ǲɳһǿƵļһȥͷŪ²ճ


1610 ָϣ
ûв͸ǽϢͨúܡ
ͨһҶ˷ӦǴﲻе˼
ϽȴһҲ
ճԪٸӦٻŮ飬ͷܹˡ
ռݵȻ鸽˵Ⱦʱ߲߼λǸҲɽ֣֪١
ҵľٶҲճϣ˵˲Ϣ
ȥǬְ죬⸶˴ҲϽңʱѾһ塭
ƵȵϵӵܣæӦЩµĳԹʱǽͷö
ɢôһЩ侮ʯġ
ŵҲԶԶģû˸Ԯ֡
ҵû䣬Ѿɱ⡣
ٻŮԴϱһͳǶԸ򼾫
ճ˷ʵȻֻóԪʵھȴѹλնɴȺġ
ңǣ١
ȻӴչ龳粻㣬С赶ԶľĶ֡

ճһֱڵȴһݽףЩ۲úܡ
ꪺԪӡԹΣҪԼ治
һйҪǿиıҲǲԣûзûɸΪ֮
ķ֮УǿӡķʵϺ
һͨÿ壬üʮǿ󣬵ҪԵİϸǿûⷽԴҲġ
ճԪǺǿ걾ʾɷ٣˵ͨ澭ҪǼǿԪ㿰ɽ֮ԪҪǿ
ǿ󣬶ڲٿԪʹ棬ĴӱʵǱȲꪺ׵ġ
˵ԪȻûȷռ壬ÿһԪӡޱ׳
˵ճǸಲ׳ꪾǸŸּסͷֿľСӣ׳ƾȻռϷ磬ҪСӻҪϴ
ٱ統ʱ̫ϻףԻ֮ϢиһƬռ䣬Լ˿ռ
ճӦʵĿռ䣬ǻþ
ԼȻԳռֱܵӴƣȴԷĿռãܲмǿǱڡ
Ҫǣʱס֮ʱԼӦʱֻǹȥһ˲䣬ȵ֮ȴԭ϶ʮߵѾ
ʣ͸иռסһɲǣԼʱ͵͵˺һᣬԼδ˿
ּܣǹϵʱ䡢ռ䣬ܻܴǳȴǸޱȣҲ֪ĸõĹ

峿ڻҶ֮ϣ¶⡣
ů紵ׯ԰泩
һõ졣
ճ߳ţһ
һϵĴȴЧ΢Щ׵շ˵ʲô˼ˡ
֮쳾ɣⶼҪģҪʵѰһԵÿһ磬ȼǸǵͣŸԵĹԵĻԵ
ԵǺҪĶˡ
˭뵽ٻŮĻ֮УȻȥɽָߵȼͨأ
һ̣ճޱȵңصӻɵΪ
ҵԪΪڴ˷Ͳôû٣ûϽ磬ȻҲʧȥ˼ǰеĵ·ѹԪȫ𼱻ǵҪѰˡ
ǵģճѾ˵ճͻĸԴ
˵һ죬ҪԼúץסᡣ
תôͶ̥ƽһɲ磬ñðգȻǹעһҲû취ˡ
ԺﷱƽΪ۹԰ʦʮָ߳ؽĻ԰ͬµϴ
Щ䣬Ҳڴ˴ʮʮ꣬ƬͥԺŵʷϢ
һһʫ续
ճ̾ţʮ⡣
£˳֮⣬ΪԼúһЩȫ⸻
ݡ
ˮԱߣ΢ХŲĵ㣬΢һɡ
ճתͷȥ΢΢ҡҡͷĸпȥǰȥ
ûõġ
ճ˹Īϼͣ棬ɫȻǲѾע⽣к⾳ˡ
˵ǻģĪϼıˣǰһЩ仯
Դ֮͸ŬˣǾԼûʲôá
λԽ̵ָ㣬ĪҲ򲻹ּʱ˵жͳʧܣ۵ˡ
к⾳ܺãֻ˼ɱ;⡣ճЦŵģʵĽѾܲˣҲܺÿϾ赸ʦ



1611 ָ£
ĪϼʵܲЭҲܺá
˿·ѧֻһʱ䣬Ѿף񻹲ͣѾǷ˼ˣȴúܲ⡣
òãΪ߲ߣҲÿʲô˱ȡ
ճ㽣ȻǲֵһᣬЩлӨԽҲǺ޻
ǰνʱЩɥˡ
죬ҲȥλаɡĪϼЩ˵йâ֣͸Ӣȴڸϵ⡣
סΪʲô룿ճüͷ΢塣
ܰﵽ㣡Īϼ棺㿴ԺһҵԽԽܲӨһæλе飬ô죿
ðɣΣˣճﰵգ˭˵Ů˲Դ׵ġ
ûʲôǰճ˵©죬˵лӨֻһţ̤ף˵һõ顣
ܾܿʱĪϼһЩ롣
ģñӣʹӦɣòáĪϼѽһգסճĸ첲
˭˵ЩģֻǵܲλеĿҪ֪ḽˣɲ⣬ܿίԲҪΪܶճЩæ͵
ǰһֱûĪϼȥλе飬ѵͷ϶ԭ
Īϼŵӣճæ뷨ȥɫ֮Ҳһ취ܸʵƽվãûս£ȴǲɱˣսļգɱǵòɱġ
ӦˡĪϼüЦСһҾȥֺһӨ㣬ʱ򻹵չһЩ
˵ճתȥˡ
ճҡͷʧЦҲΪĪǸѹֵĻĪϼÿ࣬Ҳá
һᣬǰ˵үվá
ɡ
ճһĵˡ
ĲֻһˣһɫˣɫЩΣճ͹ðţֵܼ£ϴγ֣ȴϷЩˣ
ǽԪȣʱϿºͣ崺磬Ʒ
ճĿ΢΢һЦ̫뾲Сѣڰվѧ֮ʱܹٺôһֱĴġҲǲѣҲͲˡ
һԣĿճԽԽԼǡ
Ͷһ¾ѧŽ֣ûһʱ䲻ԷͳɳԼĵزˡ
۹Ҫף⵽ܾ
ԼҸ׳Լ̽ڷ硣
ʲô
ҳǰλ˿ƽƽ¶˶Է
ܰѰվ羭ӪϣȻʣЦҸһֱڵճ飬쿴ڽϣǧҪǺްİɣ˵½Ļ԰Ʒȫ֣ҵȥ۽硣
ãĪϼ䡣ճЦŵ֪ԷǲΡ
˲ˮȻ£Ԫӻͳһžͼ˹ֵܣǰ֮£ʵᣡ̫ϻʿ۷Ѿʮ꣬Ϊͻƣ¼Ҳ⣬ͼǵõĿռˡ
ճӹͼ۾һǲǼ꣬ܲͻƲģ᲻ʵҲ޹ؽҪԼҲûгԿǡ
кöĺá
ֻһһӵͼóͼ֮輫ߣʣͻԶӵζ
ճһЩǿˮͼһǰһԪƺ뵽һޱ޼ʵİɿռ֮Уһֱӿͷ
һʱ֮䣬ճǼǿգַ·ʱ֮ͨС
ǰԷ·ޱС
ֻһͼ
ճ̾һȫԪԱߡ
˺һᣬδİתǸͼĿյʱ̧֣ͷĿн˸˵ϲҲһЩź
ķԻԻ桭һһӾȻ˿ռʱİأĻͼֻⲢԭɣóͼ⼫ߣʦȴģÿÿ򵽹ؼ֮Ͷϵ˸򡣡
ճտʼΪ˷ܣЩջ𣺡ǻҵĳһġĸŪң̫ᣬʶǳ𣿡
ͼȷǺܸʲôȴ롣
ֵˡԪ°飺̫ϻʲóԭǸûԭͼ̫֮漫֮ӣһ֮лԵɺϿġʵϣԺͼܻزѾܲˡϾԼҲû͸
ճȻˮƺܲ⣬ԪݹһӣȻ׼õġ
Ǹʵȼúܸߣ߳ΪգоꡣȻԪӡ׳ţҲǷѧģϧǣ֮иû취
ճӹӣɫɻΪβһ𣿡
ǵǣǻ⣬Ƿ粢ܷչǹڵһͬûоŲס
ԪָָգֵǵطܹŹ֣֮вǴ㣬Ҳûʲô㣬ֻһһס֮ˣΪﵽһزҪ׽٣ÿһ׽٣ͷ׳󼸷֣һЩ
룿׽٣ͷ׳󣿡ճɫԽԽ֣оһϤ
ðɣС˵ҶѲɣ˷粢ûⱾС˵ˣʱٻŮĻ£Ҳûһ˵
һЩԶļˮһԺճȻһ⣺յƺǱھһȭӡûߣӶҷᡭʵϣҲᣬҲġ
ǸھʷϵĺȥԪָеһռп񡣡
Ȼڴʱ֮δˡ
ѹͷ˼ճɫĵֻһλһЩصϢҪȡ
ʵˣҪۣ͵ػǮ˵ֻܲܶҪô
ǳɱ֮󣬵õһźɫӣѪϢ
ճΪ˱ѪǷȱһҲûм̷ͬĶ
׵ȫʮֽһЩ㡣
ԪЦֻˣǻṩһЩҪ飬Ƿ磬Ҫõջ񣬾ҪӴǬ̫ʦ͹ھ֣ͶǣܵõķšҲֻ˷ʱ䡣
ʲô͹ھµĹȥδأճɫӾʣоһȻҲ֪ײĲʿɡ
˵ȥʱշ򣬾ǵ˰˽ףҲʱհأҲҲؼ磬ѡ
㲻Ϊ걾Դӡ׳ΪǹȥδΪ̫֮漫֮ӣҲбҪһ˰
뵽ճﰵ˾


1612 ᣨϣ
ɫɢƬĿռ䣬ңԶĵطܿһ죬ơ׵ǵ㡣
ΧӨӨϹ⣬һʵٶƬռ֮оźС
ԾĪϼϸСߵİɫӰһνλУʺ壬ЦǺǵĴš
죬ЩʲôĪϼüȫ˷ܣ֮ҲܿóԭλôģܿʱգǴ۽磬ϧûȥ˵
ճԪͲһˣȥˣϥ֮ϣϽЦϼ⻰ǧЩɢʿ˵˶С崩ʱͨû㰲ȫиҵģʲôմֻûУֻУ;һѹأһСģͱϮɢ
ֱӴԽĪϼ˸䣬֮΢΢һ£˻ðգҪ𣿡
ˣǰһ׵â޶˶ײһƬɫֻһۿȥз
ôûУҲǮˣſԱ֤ȫܶһЩʱѡѡ
˵ճͺǸп
ǵԼһδӵϼҴ磬ʱͲ֪ʱͨл۴ԳȫǳԶ
־ĸо˽¡
ҲҺã籾òԶ;ҲûʲôյأԻ϶оյԶɹ
ЩԼǰȥȱ֮һ޳ɣ˲ѡѹƣԽʱ걻ĥҲһҪԭ
ⶫƽ￴ţˡˣһҲֲˡ
ֻǿ֮ˣڹУȫʤһǾ⽡ѧϰǿ
ˣҲûʲôˣֻƣ룬ͷԷӦٶһЩѡ
״֮£ټ˲ѣͻᵼ´ʧܡ
䲻ɡⱾߵ·ˤĴ
ɺϣʵǱȻ
վճ̾һͷȥЩʧ䡣
ȥ磬ʱͨԼǶôĲ˼鰡Լ·ȴǿһƬδһˡ
ȻҲпܣЩԼҹŵ磬ʵͲƬʱ֮УҪҵǲܵ顣
ˣϼСģȻ᲻Ҫң׼ʮʱ䣬ѡʵĸѡ
š
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޻ѧԺ赸ʦȻûоУȴҲ˵˲١
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˵ǡͶ̥ʵǸᣬ۹Ѿ˶ۣҪСһЩ
Ͷ̥ȻչǱҪһЩҲ⵽ԭѹƣЩվͲ̫ùˡ
δ͵Ӥ궼δɣҲû˼룬ֱ׵˵ϸԳе̫ӵ˼롣
һͶȥͻᱻһַǷľ磬׻˵Ǳɰ׳ա
ʱ䣬νġ̥֮ԡˣϾһƬհףʲô˼ͼ䶼ûеĻʱ֮⻹󣬾͵Ƿ
ʱԳıϴһƬհˡ
ԣԭ˵꼫ǿ˼¡һ˲ôѡ
Īϼ㣬ЩʱղŸո̤Ľףڱ˰£ֱͻƵ½֣͸Ҫˡ
һͶ̥ܾܲǰһδ֪⡣
ճǿԱ֤Լһһؼ䣬ѱҲô
Ͼһ磬֪֪׵磬˭Ҳұ֤ͻܺá
Ͷ̥һӤ˭֪ǲǻ˭᲻ͷ
Ͷ̥һٻңСĻʵһʱϲ˾壬ˣԼոճ¶֮䣬ͻᱻͷ
һоˮ
Ͷ̥̼˵ţȫСɱ⡣
Ͷ̥ũңпС֮ûжֱӶΪūʳ

ԣճȥ磬׼ʹϰ취
Ѱ֮˸ᣬҪɢʬġ
˲ңִ绹ǹŴ磬ÿ춼˳
ҪҵһߺʵͲ̫ˡ
Щ֮ˣѰתᣬѡ˼ʹϵиִԻ֡
һİ磬Ͳˣֻܾһ㡣
䡢Ա𲻲Ϳԡ
ͥЩϿԲǡ
ԱȻ˵ճһŮˣҲǺܿµ飬νෳԡ
Ĳ˵һ裬
䣬˵ҪʵҲͦҪġ
ˣѧ仹ѧŻᣬǶᵽ˻ϣ弴࣬˾ͻϰˡ



1613 ᣨ£
ӰһɢһϹ⻤סԪ񣬻ϸ΢Ϲӹʡ
Ҫ㣬ǻҰ
磬ճҲ΢΢Щ
Ԫʱ˵֮ʱҲ˵Ȼʵȼ㲻üߣ޺͵޸Ӧر񣬶ҼΪöһԲϾͰε
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ԶһλŽ׺õŮ񱼣ܻ߰˸ʮĿ׶ĺڼʿųǹźš
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ﲻУŸˣҲܶᣬһʼԹ֮У鷳̫󡣡
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кõѡ񣬾Ϳϲѡˡ
ճֻһۣϹͣҲδͣЯĪϼһӹɽԭҰ
ȵøĪϼѰһȽϰȵĵطǴ˼ңٵҲȻͶףǳǳغôм仹Żʹô˵˳ǾǴǬ۶񾩳ˣֲ
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⼫亮ĶſȻʮλʿſȥȥģϸŽˣɭϡ
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ĪϼƺһΧϹš
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ȼɽҲһ㲻ˣۼֵҪһЩ
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˷磬ϾֻҪθõǿ걾ԴӡķоѰҼϣܰﵽԼ
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ȻԼ룬Ļ˵үزģܵиԷš
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죬һɣ⣬̫ġĪϼ겨Ϲһ㵭ȥĪϼůȴҲЩˣٹһᣬԼû㹻ʱѰҺʵˡ
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ճЦһͻȻͣףСͶԾˣͲδ£ϧϧԭ¥ڱΪء
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ɣ˲ԸУֻղˣʵ̫ɺޣĪϼŭĵ
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һ𣬴ϲ⡣
ߣȻû̧ȥϴɾӣ·ƹӻڵء
һһλ֯µ΢ָˣü˿˿Į˹Щ˰ɢ¥˲ǣƽԺõĴõģѾţСҲûˣһľǲϧ
衭
æѽСŵʮС̧˽¥ӣҲոջع
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󿴵һĻճ΢һ⣬ɢ˷
ǰĪϼ˵ʵԼʵҪ̫ߣԾתǶһ߲ȱ壬Ҳֻܶ֫һЩԪѡ
һĵ飬Ǿǲ̫Զ
Īϼɢ¥ˣıһЩԸ飬Ǿ鷳ˡ
֮õһҪ㣬Ϣ֮УҪע⣬ĻʲôĿģܻ±룬ԼԼ⡣
ˡ
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ݣһһŮŭţƺδֲȥ
˺ðǹŴᣬֻҪ˵飬ĲǸǵ߽ͣȥ˸߿һۡ
һûüġ
ճһȥо͵ƣԶ˾ͳһˣͷ߹ڣźɫۣ࣬˫Ŀ»ɨһȦ
ӦǱ뾩ǣȴӰĸֱ֣֮˼Уҵȥʹһˡ
߹һ䣬ʧԭء
ѩһƬƬ䡣


1614 ̸Цɱˣϣ
ճԪһͶڣĺţͬѩ濾һ㣬ת˲֮ʧ١
׵Ƥ棬ҲԳ˿Ѫɫ

ðɣأ޸֮ˡ
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ԺһЩǵļƬδȫɢճ˽⵽Լľһʲôˣȵ˽ҡͷ̾
ΪΪʲôƽܵ˭Ⱥȴ֣ԭԼ
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ҵ𡣡ŮԽߣڵİڸС̯һӲף˽ҲˣһҲиӦ꣬ǶǸ޵׶Щȥˣ͵¥ȥˡ

ҪߣҪߣֵܵʵܲ𡣡Ůͨ
УȻ͸š⻰ֽţæӦ
Ҽбľճ˼䣬Ͳٹġ
ֻǹͣҲ㲻ˣûʲô̫û̫ǣ˴Ҳá
һԪ񷭹ţһɰѪͳʶ塣
һ壬ʵЩϰߣУĪϼɢ¥ûʲôԱԼȥȣһָʵ
ȻЩУȴǲ
ֵĴˣһɼһѪų϶أָ״̬
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ڵתʣڵճ˵ʵһ׵飬Ҳò˶ʱ䡣
ոմͨȫճŵһŵȳζ
ЩİԼ˸⣬ԱˮҨһˮǼ˳µĳݺݵĲһ󣬺òײøɾһ
һ֮ȻŹӣòĿãѾԿɫ͸Ѫɫ
Ȼ׳Ҳһٽˣ˵ôͨ𣿡ճЩЦҲֻ壬ܳסתĸ죬Ͼ˰
һٲ绢ճҲЩ⣬֪ԼµõȻ㲻ʿȴǷ׼Ʒ
Ҫǿи죬ͻȻͣסƺҲŶ֮⡢Ƥǣ࣬Ѫټȭʵʣ޷ԣ޷
Ժһһ顣
Լ͵ľתƺǿſҩȡϹѪֱƽ׵ģҲһЩͼڷ࣬ҲɾԵ΢΢Щ塣
˵ĹûдϣͼڷͻûзӦ
ʱ룬ԼŪôͼڳƴɱȻû̫ãѵַֻǿÿ
뵽˷Щˡ
һֱһûнʲôЩͬƽʼֱʱԹõ׾Ѿǰ·ˡ
Ľ֮ʱԽŽʵǿλԭҺֱֵƶͻƵģںת޾תֱﵽԽ۷ľתʲôˡ޷ǾڷҩɷǿѪ
ҲܴﵽĳֲΣʵЩģֽǶǸûҪȭ⾫񡣡
ճԺתͷͣ˼ȶ裺ǰЩɣȻܹնһеĽ⣬ǿɱôȭȻҲȭ⡭һزӦõʲôܵ־Ƿ½ͳһç򡣡
ҪȱʧһУƺҲſȡ֮ǾǴ׵׵ĵ·ģһ顣
ôһ룬ճҲͲæѪˡ
˵·Ҫģһ¸ҸɸţԼкô
һȻѰķţȻš
һЩεĵطԴ˷磬Ԫ񼯽ӴȻʶȴһĪѹţֱӵʮ﷽ԲԪ
ӦǹһԻģʽҲһ
ôһܷס˵ĵǰֶζó
ȻЩµʱ
һЩƵİɫֲ£һͷϵĽƿľ˳ȥ
нͺá
ȫװأԣǷ
ãճˣһƬ
˵ľ氵ƣ̸ϷӦԭΪʾԼݣ⹺õİ衣
ճźֵܿһӡ
ߵǰճͣһ£ˣʱͣ
Ӧһ£屾ܲûһ˿ûвᣬҲûԹ˵ͷ
Ҳãûִ
ϸıһ·λŶֿȥȻһƬƬѩ˽١
ļܺãܹĿǰڰУ񾩳ǵĲּʱȫߴ·
˼䣬֣ͷ֮Ѿһϸϸףȴ
ʣ֮ͻճЩ⡣
ͨ˶ٽҵĽ裬ֻҪرĸ֣ӦҲǴ´˰ɡ
̫Сɢ¥ҪδһĶ
Σô죿
Ԫ֮вǻһӴѪֻҪʱ䣬ܰõǹ롣



1615 ̸Цɱˣ£
ڸ߿տӭȥɢ¥ͥԵúݿ㡣
ճڹķжŴ˷ľˮƽŲӡ
ͻȻüͷ΢΢һ壬΢΢ӿǰٶȡ
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Ϊ׵ĺ׳һ㶣æ񣺡ҵʧˡ
ճĿһһֱۣӽţ߽ҲӭǰһŨױĨĸˡ
λӣҹ
ˡ
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һһۣͼ߰˸ݻĸҹӣʱȫͣеĶһԸ̨
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ĹȴʤĹƾַȻʣв԰Ρ
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ճһۣջĿ⣬һԾ
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תͼһСŮһ̽˹һģͷֺ顣
ʮ׷˳ŮΪ׵ִŵӣŸֹ
Сӣˣ׽ס
һе
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һԾͬͻ˻ںڸֹһӰһһңСﵱͷ£
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¾ˣϣлѩֵɱڡ
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ԱߵļλҹҲ΢΢ɫ
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˸ȲʣճҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
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ϧǣһֹͱͣԭأֱ΢΢ҡҡ׹ģҲʧȥ˼ߵĻᡣ
ۼ˿ٴγϣĪϼķҲ̲סˣŭүٲ֣ұ˿ˣ˭㣿
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˶Ϊ֮һִ΢΢һ㶣ȴûͣ֡
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˵һ룬ۿžҪĪϼӣ֪ΪȫͻȻסɫŹ֡
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ô֪ҵˣ˵һʱ䣬ֵ㳡ˣ
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ѱ̴浹ء
ĪϼĴһճͻȻЦҾֻ֪ûϳѣ㾹Ȼģְ
ЦһΣͲ
ճǰȥţҲЦˣһûģǰĽԡ
ôˣ
Գᶣɶ֪⾳Ƕˣȴ̫ԭӵһģֻҪһʼɱ֣Ҳڱ˱ƵӲƴܵĵز
а߽ΪѪȣȴѽʹҲǴˡ
ճԭˣĪϼһֱиëĵزݡ
˵˺öΣ²ȥɱ֣˱ƵˣȻĲë
Ȼڽ̽ȫ±ƣ̨֮һЦ˳
Ϻصֱ䣬ȵأȥˣһףںȾƣ
ˣ
ʲôҪǳ֣
ԶԶ˹һ紵ǰͳһһˡ
һִһ˳ֽȫװ磬Ϣͬ¯
ֻǿȥ⡣
ʦѪ𡣡
Ⱥһ̾


1616 ʨӲãϣ
ɢ¥񾩳пνá
Ƶް׶̸Цк塣
ʱʱһЩ¡
ĳĳʿĳĳò˵Ķ£ĳĳ󳼱Լҷ˴¥ﾾźӻؼңĳλ˿һǻ˿ϵԸҲΪԼ̷
Ȼٲ˵ģһЩΪ˹ǧŵļʫƪӶĵĹ¡
һЩʫԵīʼĵطǰѣҲǼ԰
˵ǿƼ֮⣬ֵôģɢ¥Ĺǵ˵ʦɢ¥Լѧ׼ԼҶӣҲöԷҵĵһаǻһЦġ
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ټˣû˵ѣɢ¥һֱ£Ҳûо֣ɲΪ󣬰һҲٵġ
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ټŵǰϵģСүȴҲʲôսɱ飬öˡ
ֿһ˿Ц⣬һװŮƵϹҴǬʱж̣֪˵ͷҲ֣һֵǾشѪʮֵ֮ʱƣ˵ʮնɱһ㲻öĸ֣ó鷳ˡ
գգ۾ʵأĪҲǴǬг
СүһЦĿһۺףЦʶˣһ˿϶֪ʲôͷСЩȲһѪƣȴǺý
Ϸ׽ŵһ׽˵ѱһɱΧǣصۻҪǼ죬ͬҲ֡
СүʶȻףСӮ𣿡⻰תͷףóСүɫһڡ
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Ҳ֪СǲǲȵһʺˣΪºһӣȻûĵõøС
⻰ֻЦЦҲ׳Сү˼֪ԷԼ
Դ׵ϷҲ֪ˣΪ֡
ԼĿǰѣʵû̫˼СӰϷǰӮСүһƥƷѾ⣬ҲöԷ
ˣŰɣҾ˵ĽΡ
о˭Ҳ˵壬ǰʵúСүҲȥ׷ʹֻЦһ˵ĿͶһࡣ
ʱ΢΢ưµĳֽʮҵС̸ЦȫǰΧʮĸˣֳڼ
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˻֣»Ժʿȫ£гһڣ֮𣬵֮ϸһȺѪš
อǿѪע˵һıˡΧ΢֮
ճʱתͷĿЩĮŶ¥޷ǾǱΪ潵߶ѣ˵ˣҲǰ¶ٰ飬ûϵСҪߣ˭˭
ճᣬһĺƲ֪˶٣ڳȴûһ˾ʾоʮְ
Ϊ˫۵Ȼķ֣͸ζȻͬһȺϡ
ϻˣιдɢ¥ˣҲոӿԼǲǳͷۡ΢ŭеɫЩϡ
Ȼֻɢ¥£ȴ͡
ƽǴٹ˼ҲҪֺýһ衱ϣܶӡ
ʱ˰ŵȣȫǿ벻̡
Ѫսɳ
һɫһЩ
ȻţϾǴս˶֣ض־Լĵ
λɳۣ֫Ҳûаӵ˼˵ޱȣ־ɱС
Хϯ
ǰһڣԺͬĮɳʮ쫷һ㡣
䣬Ѫ쵶һ˹ȥ
һĵƣҪŵİСһնǧΡ
ƺһһ̫Ͷ룬⵶ӰˣŸոͬţƤһǿƤʱ类̣Ѫ
ѪʽʽƾʽʽһǿĵʽʨӲҲȫǱ߾ֳ
СүɫҲһף˿
ǵХڶߣһϯЩԶ֮ͬʱоü䷢Ķǡ



1617 ʨӲã£
۾ֱĶǵٰն䣬ﰵֵǿԼԼͿһ֡
ûнҲûаơ
ֻһƶݾɢ
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Գᶣɶ֪
޶˶˵ģǰ˵Ļ
ⲢǽȻĵˡ
쵶һɢѪ֮У¶һ־
ǰѪ쳤ȻѪתֻǾڰգճ໹磬ȴôҲȥˡ
ĺѱһխխϸ̴¶罣
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ĪϼصһͷŰһ۵ƳõͶ񣬼ֱף߽أҺ뿴ôѪˡ
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˶ԼĽǶϣԼֻΣֻһ룬ͷ綷ȫֱð亹
֮ϣĶѾԽԽˣΪҲΪȫ֮УͶȨ󸮵ڣµľһѷ򷨡
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ԣһһͻװ㷢ʦʿӵһƬ⽣׾̾һҡҡͷ
ʦΧٱ˿ռ䣬Ҳ벻ʲô취ӵóȥƫƫﻹǣһ׸
ȵȣСﻹЦûûεģΪǽ𣿡ƹҲЩٿˡ
У˿϶ͻһ̯⡣
ոתͷͼͻȻֳһԲι飬ҹյ㷱ǣһƬ
ʮնһϽֻ죬зӹ
ǲǷǣǽ档
Ǻýײ֪ǵڼξ̾ˡ
Ƿס˷Ľ⵶⣬ʱ·𴦴©磬һǹķ䣬һ㼴ա
׵һ׽Կƣ󷢶
ʮһ㣬ֻһ֣κ˶죬˸âʹ̵ճؿڡ
ȻҲ졣
ճ͸оüһʹʲô֪ˣֻһ̣ƺ˷ǰһ˿
󶨸ľ󣬾Ǽһɢɰʮǹ⣬˷һСĻߣƹ˵Ĺ
ÿ˵ĺ
վڸ̨ϵ壬ͷһΰ˫ƣϷշһĽ⣬һ˿ޡ
֮ڣ޵Сճսʡ
תͷĪϼ׿ûͼС۾ЩԼˣģûǿԼˡ
ֲǱĿôգʰɣճü
ĪϼȻתգգ۾Уҿžһ˧òˣţ˵಻ͬûиģȻݺģ
˵ŮƮƺ뵽ʲô۲ˮ΢졣
ðɣ˵Ҳ
һ˵ʵȷǺҪĶҲǶһ޶ıǩòԻ滹ϵóġ
ټճҲûΣϤһ۾Ϳɿʲô¡
ǿɱˣ죬ȥϸˣҪˡ
΢ֵŨױˣҲˣһ߼æձԶһ߳ź󺰡
ܵŮӶһѷҴܣ֮ڶ
롣
ճɫһ䣬һбڵһݵһ۾һ㣬Ʒ缲쵹
ꡭ
ű岽ͱֱӴƺģ˵ڵء£Ҳ
徻ˣҾͲţ˭·߰ɡ
ճߡ
ȵȡĪϼе
ôˣҪǲʲôСùϵ̫ãҪһȥ
㣬ϵٺҲ£үǲҲ֪׹ǿ޷ء
˵Ů˻˼ϸ壬ճЩա
Īϼƨߵߵܵһԣ˺ѳӣ˳ְ䣬ӿģһϸ
ΪߣӦǮ˵ɱ֮ͻѰ书ؼôûС
Īϼδվճ棬Щġ
ʬĻƸɵúѧģճɫŹ֡
ϿİĪϼдʡ


1618 һĵϣ
˿ճĪϼ̸Цߣȫз
ɢ¥һЩ͸Լ°ͷûһ˸ǰ棬Щ˵ˣµʵЩ»Ժ
ʣµһЩʿǰֻδüǰһΧǰһ̻ڰᣬһ̾ޱԼӦ
ȻʱڵϣֱðѪˮһ˵ȣǵӰˡ
ճ˼һ

תͷȥ̨ϽµŲ̊ףЦӯӯĿ̽ͺ档
ɻˣʮֲף֪кָ̡
ճͣ½Ų΢΢һ֣Цʵ
Ȼڹά̬ȴǵȻƽͣЦݣѼ棬˵Ȼд⡣
̬Χȫ棬ĵһɱˣ˹Ҳ֪Դôġ
ֵǣ߸ովȳСҲǰڣȫûа㵣ģȻļǿûʲôΣա
ôкѣ
в˼벻ס
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ճ΢΢һ㶣ʶһ㣬һ¾͵û뵽չϢͨЩ˵˾ͲֵһᣬէճͲ߶ˣǡ
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ȻҲĶԷ̽ԼԭʲôãԼҲûʲô˵ĵطζȥ
Ϊ˷磬˵ӦҪ͵¡УĬĬչҲֻһ˵ʵȴǲ鷳
ңճһЩ뷨ڡ
¶һЩأʵġ
ֵĽн̸֮͸¶˿켣ڴǬƬϣʵ;֤
ƾһֻ֮ҪԼӵ飬ճǸһǴǨˡ
Ǳ˲²ǹɶᣬ֮˸ЩҪ϶һ־ˡ
Էκһֲ룬ճơ
֮ճܹǿʵֱӴԽͲҪС£ҲĳЩԼĲͬѰӶɱԼ
˼ɵֻһǾǴ˷ҲλԭֻҪⷽŪȥڵˡ֣ʲô
ʵǿˣ·ʽȻͲһˡ
ȻһԭǾǹҡ
Ԫ˵˷ʱЩû˵̫ףճȴˣꪵʵûȫ˽ᡣ
ꪵӡȻâֲõһɵģò
ôõʵ磬ҿ϶Ҳֻһ˴
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ΪĴ֮һҴҵиڶ֮࣬ȻҲǲ١
ճѱû˻Ĵ⣬ű˼
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ϾŷƷִᣬƴװһҪԸҲҲ˼ֵġ
ΪݷǱѰļ壬ԶԶĪСܹȵģ۹ҺҲճ¡
¾ͺ鷳ˡ
ճһ̫ϲ鷳ˣϲһЩȷķȫɱҡ֮С
¶Լ߽ͶԼһƽճڸԼĳˡ
ҵˣҪ𾡹
ô򵥣
ȻҲˣǾõԼɱ˵磬磬Ϊе˼Ҳ㹻ˡ
ֻһ£ǲ´ˣΪΪ̫ϵʥŮǬݣͼıȴûϵŮ˾ȻһҲݱ¶飬˵´ֵġ
ʲôеŽеӦžǴǬ̫ʦ棬ҲκβԼɡ
ճҲ˵пҴ
֪̫ϵһܺõϰߣǾǿĳһλӣ̫ϵͻ֣Ͷʡ
Ԫ񵤣Ԫ񵤣Ԫ񵤵ѵõıҩ̫ϵ侭͵鶼˿
뷨⣬˵ʵڵճǲôģá
˵ֻһԷ᲻ϹͲ֪ˡ
һ̫ϵ
ס
ĳλʵӣ˭С
أȻңһжԼ
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ʲôǶأϵģȻĽ뼼
һͨˣɱʦֽнǲǺ棿
ճҿ϶Щ˿ܴû־ĽҲ󲻵Υʶؼ
ִ֮УһСһľһӾһȭ㲻˼顣
ȻЩǡȴû



1619 һĵ£
ʵϣͨʦĲ̫࣬ԶСȭĲҪ
ǰʵı仯ֻı仯
ճұ֤̫ϵ᲻Լģұ֤׻ᶯġ
״Сȴúܣ
ſƾϽżвùԴ;ΪԼĸһھ֮λԼλĸ׺ĸ׷ǰ׿ϴ
⵱ȻһЦ
һЩӣȻͻףʵססĻԼʵ
ʱӦûɣ
ճôȷҲֻһ塣
˵ʵõġȥӾ޻ϱ䣬û粻ƲճǺõġ
Ŷûõδ;ʱı
˵ˣԷΪⷽǣûеԼҲûбҪһͺɱģҪѧϰǱؼʱ׾Ϳԡ
뽻׶С
Ϊ֮ϸ˵˵ūһ԰æ񾩸Ҳ˵ɢ¥ĸ֣ɲ顣
ճת͸ǣƲԼ˵䣬ˣ˵
˵ʵڵģͷһμˡ
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循ķ֣λԼ֮ﾹȻƽ羵ûһ˿ģˡ
ԷѪ־Ե붨񣬵ҲˣɶԷʲôû˫ȻҲһ㣬ƽ
Ҫ֪Աλк׵Ȼ־ȴҲƾطѹ񣬲ŲӰġ
˵ɣǱ˵ɣȴƺһзС
չˣ¶Ѱճ죬ͷЦ
˵˵ɫ˭ʵûˡ
㻹ǲףЩţǽɿӦԵ˵ģԸɲһϰߡ
ɫ΢΢ЩջԼѵôİæĽԵҪһɶԷƫƫһҲ顣
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˼Ǽϲ˿֮ž£̫ϵʥŮ˵ݶѣֻǾ֮Ͷѡ
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ֵһģ˭˵һµģԵõģ
ô˵ֻսʤʦδ̫ϵУΪǿ·˵ֻһĺӡ
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Ҳ˰ɣһء
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΢΢ʹͷ磬ճٳǰƺ⡣
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룬ûףɵЩա
ģ˾޾׵Ľ֣ǰύ̵ֽģһɵӣʱ̫ˡ
ɢ¥ôˣޱȣǬɭϣزܾʹ˴»СС»ˡ
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ԽԼȱʲôԽĽʲô
Ȼ׾ճЩǣĵɢ¥ˣʵûԼ·ɼΣΪ
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һͻ˼ˣ±ֵ̫ԣܻó͢ΪԼоġ
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΢΢һ˿Ѫɫһɢ¥ʥȻûеģʦҲûУȴǵãǰҲɢ¥ֹ£Ͳʦֹ֣һ
˵ףҵҲ£
ԣףȻûɱôˣֶȴҲýΪԴףһֱնԴ°ŮӡСү˵
ôţֻǸոճŰٲȫʬĿ
ʦΪɫ΢׷ʵ
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ǵĪĵɱ˲ѪСүصĵ
ԭ˳֡Ŀ׷ʡ
ڴǬߣΪˣһץһ书ĥ
ԴһЩҲֻܶزأҲˣΪɢ¥˸ȴ¥ﶯֵԭӰ첻ð
ȻֻϵĽɣȴ
ңһЩʵǿĵΪϱΪ
ϰ˵ȻߣҲеĵֻһ䣬Ͳٶԡ
֪ɢ¥ĺӦþǼĵˣҲ֪޵һμ𣬻Ǹ弶ģǿµĹˣ
ⶫǿԵ˵һ˵ƾΪǿѪ
ʥһ𣬾Ϳһɵ޵˱ᣬΪʥҪȹսǿΪѪơ
Ȼ˭Ӯ˭䣬Ҫֶεġ
ʥ֮µıʦʦȻѪûﵽǸ˱ܵĵزֻҪѪ߷ųһѪͿڱϣռϺܴˡ
ճأѪ￴ֱֵһᡣ
ĽȻޱ޼ʣͳСү˵ӡ֮УܶԸ˵˵͵Ϯ
ֻҪһ깥ԪΪˡˮˡɽͻԲ˶ߡ
ֲĹûѪΪƣʵڲΪƾ
ֻ·һ
ߣȥһЩţ˲һ
üͷ˵
ʵϣǺ׶ֽҪҲһΪѾûĴĺ󱲵ӣʵû׷


1620 ˽ϣ
ͬȥͬȥСүҲſȥ
ȻĻǺ׺ƣ˸󣬶ǰճĽҲǸΪģʱ︴֡
һ汻Сүӵ˵ûףΪǰӴ˽ˡ
һ棬ĵһ˿Σϣܼ֤ĳЩ漣
ʦɢ¥ӲϮ׷ɱȴ̫˵ܸоЩء
һȺ˷ӿǾֵġƽģֻģȫҪ֪Ρ
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үǲ𣿡Īϼ֪ǲǽүеˣռ䣬ˡ
ʲôѩصģһҴһ֮ãɣʲôõǡ
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ҪԷ´ζһ˵ʱҪرСģ͵չ
ͷһĪϼʮڴģ־ʲô˵ˡ
ŮһҲúܡ
ЩӣճܸоĪϼλ赸ʦĻȫȻ١
ǵóʱȻȻ𣬵ܴиӦﵭˡ
ıҪ𱬵ö࣬˻ǲಡϲϧỨ
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Ȼµȼļ飬ôһ¡
һЩ͹Īܵѹˣ˵ЩУ˲ˣǳˡһԶԶŵĺӦҲһɡ
˵ĪϼС̵ĹӰˣЩ鷳
תͷ˿ĪϼͼϻϸСë磬Žֵһ紵ƮƮ䣬˲ɵЩǲǻᱻ紵÷ߡ
ǸëѾͷӪ㣬ҪĻ׼һЩҩˡ
ˣҲ⵹ҲпܣҲһѧʡˣǲý̫࣬ÿ˵һ֮öҪԼ仯ɳɡ
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Īϼϡһ̽ǰһճǰü浹šݡ
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ʵҲ֣ΪһСѹֹ¼ŻŮˣÿҪ˵ɫ²Է˼ԼúõĻȥ
鵱ȻС
ô˵Īϼ귽츳ԼЩСˡ
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һ̤ɢ¥һճͷ֣һɭаϢߣ͸ӳ֮£ƹһ㡣
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󡭡
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Ӱո˵ͱնУһ࣡һɢԭرһ



1621 ˽£
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£š
Сүһ˿䣬һʲôȭ⣿Ҳ̫ˣǸ֣ոս˾ٿأʶƹ֮󣬷ˡ
ҲǿԵġ
תͷ˳Сүһۣ΢΢һЦҲȥִ
תͷԶǰȴȻ֡

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ңɱ֮󣬾ͲעˣܻܿϵôҲ벻Ȼܻʽ֡
˵ÿһطŶصĹͼɣ֮ʱҪõľǴ⣬еڵ¡ɱˣɱߣҪݻˣſɷɡ
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ճ˵תͷһ࣬ЦЦĵ޹˰ɣúõĲڼ磬ƫƫҪǬֺοأ
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һ̳ûнХҲûзֻ̧֣ѴϺüġ
һûɡ
ֻһ֡
Ǿǿ죬ͬһĿ졣
ճû˵̧꣬Ϳ֣һ⡣
һӰӡ

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ӵɵùԲһ̹ͳǰԼԼͽһܡ
ʵأŷƣ͸һּ᲻ɴݵ⾳
⻹δꡣ
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ΪôһʶԷݻ˵һ±ҪɱԷɡ
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һʱ֮䣬Ҳ쳣ߴ
ֻϧѪһЩ㽣ȱ˿һЩȱ˾Ҳƶַס֣ѾͷۼԪ۳֮󡣡
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ҵҲǵɴ۾Ǳ׹ǳìеӰƮɢ
ɿ⣬Сԣͬվһսʡ
·ûгֹûпԽ֮Զֹ
еİ׹ǾìɫԲѾɢ
ͷǱɭɭѾûҰžһ쵹¡
һĻ죬˷ɢȥüİײסĵطһȺѪ㣬ԽԽ
ˣüġ
һɢˡ
һ㣬˶ó
˽˽Ѿ֪ôеĻȡ
ȥ綼һ̵ľޡ
ֻƺһء
ЩӣΪѧϰ˴±ȥӾʵһЩԸġ
Լ᲻ˡ
ΪףֻҪԼʱ䣬ͿԳԽκˡ
ʱ˿̣Щȷˡ
ǰǿһЩΪٸһЩʹֽҪʲô磬ֵܵˣ
ҲֽǲǾͿԶʱ֮ʵӦκηգ
У˼رȴǲðգԶӹעΪԸΣŽύ
ˣɢ¥ıȻѾȥҲͱһ©ӡҪԵΣտҪʮٱ̫˰
ײ֪ɢ¥ı˭ԴϻֻۣԼӷף䱳϶ˡ
һʢľǣ¥ǹٻ¸ɧ͵ѡڣÿֵ纣һĽֲƸǳ˲ġ
Դһ룬ױˮж
֪ɢ¥˭Ҳҵ𣿡ƺҲ뵽һ㣬ʵ
ԶСڼʬˣƺʲô˲õջϱǻӣ̲סһЦȴ֪ɵ΢΢Щġ
֪²ᣬǸոտʼ
˵˵ʻСүæ֣ϺΪѡ
˵ˣΪ²𣿡
һָָָա
Ϲݲͬ£ȴܰ˵ͷġ
СүʱҲ˲׷ˣŵõ˼Ǻ޲ǰѾͷԶһ㣬ȫ֪ηɵġ
ϾҴǬҵޡ
Щ飬˵˲ֵһᡣ
񾩳˻ң˭ô棬
Ȼɢ¥ı󲻿ǻʵۣ¶ģֲʵӡ
ôһֻǼˣͲ֪һ
̫أǺҲֻ⼸ʵ뷨ˡưü˼š
ôһɱɢ¥ˣ۵˻ҵͷȥˣ
һһӰʧڽֵԶͻȻЩɺ


1622 ţϣ
вƽ£ǧͷ
һӢǣӮļƷ׷磬ɢ¥ﻹֹͣһЩʫ䣬ƺŴɡ
˼ת˻İŵ߳ݸ˵˰ѽ㣬Ҷעտûôջ񡣡
ǰСү漷ҺףҪû׷硯նƴױƴһ£˭ļոɫ
ʵﶼףݡλͲѹöԷԲλ࣬Ϲƴһ顣
˼Ȼ׵ġ
Ƶ֧Լն衯ΪעҲǶעô򵥣Ҳ˵Ĺϵ׽Զ
ףѣ֮ͨ壬һȥҿءƹЦЦӹЩɻȥķ򣬲ǻȥºĪǻ뿴ǰĽ
ȻޥʣûЩ棬ôһҲĽ˵Ѱ֪չû˵뷨ֻ˵뿴֡
һȥɣʵҲĽСģΪǿϧΪСƵЩͣͷ­΢΢ʹ֪ǲ뵽Լ
ΪҲá
ʲô
˵ˣǶԶˣǿ㡣æ߼湫ں棬Ҳǰš

үǷˡĪϼüЦöӣɫģһ鼮ţǵ뷨ȥ󡣡
ûʲôĪϼУԼҲܻȱǮ
ǰɱɢ¥ʦջͺǲ٣ؼȴϡһִߵ鼮ѵ֮
뷨𣿡ճ˹ⷭһһҳͼһͼʮͣͷϰ׹罣ܺڣơ
Ժһͷ·Ѫ֮Уһֻ׶ħ˳Хţͷҡ
ž
ճ鱾üǻ޹Ԫڤ¼ǿΪðɣڤ֮ìڤ֮ߵǶϰ·ӰԣаһСĻ߻ħ
ǾûඣĪϼһ˿ʧ
Ҳ֪ķŶ֮ԼҪͷĻѡаŷȻôõġ
ʮҪ
ͷôͲѾѪԪأģӦġ뵽ǰͷģĪϼЩź
ͷûб¶֮ǰͣΰݡһҴ֮վֱ壬׳߳һأѪÿ
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ԪϢ֪ġ
˱̸߱ƺȫǰɱ˵ʵھһ鱦ʱĪϼճһ֧θ֮Цݵֱʺòÿ
ú󷽸ŵһЩĺ档
ҵúˣĵӲ֪ʲôģʵڴúܣϧǸûʶģȻ޳棬Ҳˡһ󺺾̾
ޣ⼸װµĺӰһ
񾩳ǷıȻԭģһ˻ΪǸз˵鷸ƣЩǺȴ֪ôһ¡
ΰܺõͣʵҪڡޡ޵ϡ
˵ϹħħŵĲȱУͶٸ֮Ĺ·ʽȻԱƱ䵽Ҳûеڶ뷨ֻѡ
ģ޵צ׶Ĵͽ񹦣Ӷûӡ
ΪϴЩ棬Ϊš
֤ʵǣŲֹһλʦС
үղ̫ԣԽԽˡ
һ·ĪϼͷһƣͼҵֵתǣһЩμɵĺĿӦ˿˿
ԽԽãյ飬ɢ¥Ļ֮⣬˼ĺ֣ûзֵԽԽãȻôء
ճΪЦǵʳסУȫαˡ
ԭ輦Ǹ⡣Īϼһ̾ˡ
淨ЩգҲҪʲô棬Լ˵ݵķ
үô϶һأ
Ҫ˵ԭˣŲţ֪£˵˵ѡԭ˵һǴһö̰ɫѧǳúܣҲһôĺѹѱȽ϶ٰ࣬Ϣ
ճҲ̫øĪϼֱԣ˵ԼǰͱȽ硣ԭǨȷ֪һЩԣʶȴǳúܣƽҲȥʲô̫õļ档
Īϼȴ֪ԼүһЩС˼⻰۾ЩĽС̵ļûж֪ʶˣһЩŹ̸ԴǬĸȫһϲͨˣү֪ʲô˲õϢˣ
ǬʵλվãǿһҵԽϹʥʡ˵ľޣˣͲ̫עԼĶӣЩҲˣͶպм̵⡣
ǼλӶһЩܽɫҲûʲôƫƫмλӢ
Ӷգͼı죿Īϼ붮޻ѧԺʦʷ֪ʶǲ
˵赸ʦҲʦܲܲѧӵܰɡ
ǵǣֻȫȻѡ
ԭ˰ֻҪĳһλʣʶյսȻ£ɱ¥һСȷˡ
ˣճЦ
֪˿϶֪Ǽûô򵥣ʦھǧˣ弶ĵ֣ǸҶΪϱ
ǣڲ֪ɱľ¥µһЩֶѡ
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ڶзգʲôĵģóһ࣬Ҳνİɡ
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۹ͻǶͣճﶼûʲôֱõġ
ֹС̸ţҲûȥת֣ͼһռؿĸ¥ǰ
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ϰ߿ţʮ׸ߣ˵ժǳĻú



1623 ţ£
ճԭ˵⴦¥ǽȥģһ㱡мҲƵСˣҲǲҽȥ漶ȽϣǸǼ
ĿˣȫŻ󣬳ųֻճ÷紵͵ոʡüᾡ
ϴ֮ͨƤ׾٣Ծɲ̫ʲôǮ˼ҹӡ
ؼǣϴһϴ÷Ƶİɫֲִֻƶܴ˵ġ
ʵԭǨһרȻƽѽѵϸϧճ˳ֲųۣ˲񷿽䣬ֻ÷ôһȻ͵ùŰӳš
ϻϸѩ־ֱֻǿһۣ䡣
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ûǳԷĵط𣿡

·һü۾ԵĻƣ͵͵һճ·˵ʲôֲ̫ңûסЦ⣺ǳԷĵطֻضһò̫˷ѡ
ƻ˵һ죬̧ȥ۾ɵùԲ
ȴĪϼЩͷˣֱӽһɫ̨һ
һƬԲʲڹ̨棬һѣ˵ǧö˵һЩεĳ顣
࡭ң
һϺϯ棬Щ𣿡Īϼʵ
ˣˡֻһöңֻҪöͷ󺹡
ԱһһѾƿƣæҾЦջλ¥飬⡣
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ոóĴӣǴϺϼʬá޹޵ϰڰȫƲϣǱؼЩҽ飬ӦĳΣС
û룬٣Ҳ㹻̹ˣǵ޻ѧԺЩѧǰ̾ţ֮ңһοֱּƵ
ƹĲһĪϼļӣҲСƿ̼ĭԵ·
ҲѹַӦ
ʵճ˶ķЩ̫ϤǮǮٵˣǳľǸ˼⣬Ͳһˡ
߳ɽɫ˳ɽǻɫųɽɫʮɽǳɫ
һгͨıûгɫӵģĵʿȴܹճֳɫĽӣֽҩ𡱣ǵʿǦչ𵤵һζҩġ
ֳӡǮңֻлʹйص˲ʸӵС
ճ˵¥ﰲֻ࣬ʳһЦһȰžơ
һƾٽֵ̨棬ճƹ׼÷䣬ȥðϺ
Ʋ룬ճ˻֣źŵĻ£ʹá
ͷԪϧݵһ㣬ûЯа֮ѪȻĻֻҪһΣܰ岹浽ĵز֮ʱ°빦
ճԵûЩһ̾ƽоģû̫ζ΢΢ЩķŵһҲֻǴ̳ʳ
ʳһһĥ£θ䶯Ϊ塣
һֱ嶥ţϷѪɫǴʳв侫ˡ
ճȻûзųӴԪȴҲƿÿһϸ΢֮ʳ׾١
ԭҲô鷳ֻҪʶԪӴѪܶ쵽۷壬ûô
ѹƲǿЦģ˵Դƾžת©ƭ˴˷أأкôҲл
ôǽһ磬ȫеĹ·ֱӵмǿʵֱ͸һ㣬ɿúܡ
ǣȻͻ뱾ڱ𵽳ͻҲͱԭ̫ôˡ
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ԪôҲ⣬û̫޷Ǿƾּ嵱һǿ
Ľ׽ףֱԲһ·ûͨ͸
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һ׶ʵ֮ʱȭ裬ҲԺųƶȭ⣬͸־һ㣬ûб߼ʵġ
ճĲ֮Уȭ⣬Ӧܵƾ־Ϊʵɽƺٵ಻
Ľ⵹Ѿô˼ǶԽʵ·Ľȡá
ɽ֮׳ڳϱû̫ۼȭ⣬ǾˣŶû
ˣճ;ԪǣԪϴ裬۹ıʣòҪþת죬Ļı־ûҲ˵پͲñԭ
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Լ˷ı⣬Ҳɥʧˡ
ޡ޸аأޣԱĹ޳֣ҪѧһЩʱ䡢ռİأΪԺѰؼ׼ܴܲӴ˷ĹеõҪ򡣡
һõϢ˷ս׶ӦþԲֱףôﵽգĳֲ֪ķﵽ˰ǳɾҲס
ΪƿһУתפڲõĽʲô⣬ӦܹߵһҲֻһߵסԣⷽλ֮ӣҪȥأ
ճڳŶһûһĪϼ죬ȴתŲΪ֪ͷ
Եÿģ¥¾ʹһ
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ŵŵŵš
һϸܵĽŲԼٵĺС
㵹žһƬ¥֮ԭ콻̸ĸ̹ԱȻ̧ͷ¥ˣһ
Ϊ׵һĿ𺣬üһϸϸѪ۵ӣ˫ĿӥɨӣͷͳԵճĪϼˣһ˿ЦȵǨ·ˣ־ܣٳԵͷ
źŶʮλֳֳ׳ӿ¥
Щȫͷ˫ͤͷīɫ׺ΧŻͷϾǿִᵶ
죬Īϼͣж̧ͷȥȵ죿Ȼǲ죿
ȻΪĻʲôˣó͢ͳͶ⶯֣һƲúճ¾ƱЦ
Ϊ𺺺߱˵֮󣬾ЩЦˡ



1624 أϣ
ǳƽĶһЩ͹ٻ£ҲûбԺ¡
ǹٸ׽ýһ˵Ҳ¥һӣȵ뿪֮ж֡
ǣȴǴϰΪĹء
ʮλɫ޵֮£ڵĳ¥ʱ˻ûӦ
оźµģ˷ܺģ˽ţ˳ţȻ
ųһӾͱгһ
׾ʱġ
ƶһۣ˵ͷûж˵ʲôЩ¥
һȥͼǸɫƽĺžˮǰΧŶʮ졣
л׽ŮлţƺǼ
޵񾩳죬һЩٹˣɵúܣ˵Ǽĸ֡˵սǿʥȫˡ˼ܣȴޱȣץˡ
Ȼ治ɫʲôĵƣ

»ǲֶΰճ̾
λƳˣʶλ
һʵͽĺӣͷ߸ƺ˶⣬ڣһ޺ۣʱѪˮ
Աߵľһ΢ָˣʱͷңͷĿһĸŭԡ
ԭǨĸɩӡ
һˣȴһ˸η꣬ŽӡأԴֺЦݡ
ˣճȴǲʶ
С̵׸Īϼ˵
ԭǬǲİ참ַճǳʶˡ
У޵ǳĿҲر󣬲֪Ǽλץʲô˼𣿡
ճ¾Ʊɫڽ
ԪȻΪϸ΢С㣬ʶȴǼΪǿ󡭡
ȻԾûмҲûƾԪԷĸӦҲ֪ǰ˿Ȼܷɣʵǰгˡ
¥㣬˿㣬һȦȦһϸ΢Ѫ͸Źζ
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ųһбϮĿܡ
ӦҵĽص㣬Ӷ԰š
ǰ֣񾩹ٸķӦٶ̫ˣȻҳ˴СʱĴͣԭı󶯣в̽ȵаٳ֡
޵ȴûЦɱʮһ֣ɲʲôúܡҿɢ¥뿪壬ȻˣȻǲ뿴Լɩûи³
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ճЦһǵһμ˰޳ܹ˵ô쾭壬ôһ£ĪҲҪЮҲɣ
ճָָǸŵη꣬С̵ĸ
޵û˵ʹ޺ã÷ô벻أɱͷҲǺˡðȥ磬һʺһİûźô˵ڻҪڷϽȰһȰɣٴȥˡ
һʺһ򣿡
ĪϼüϵĲˣͻȻЩθɫʵ֮Ȼ¥ǮԼȥģʱҪǮӼã
Ʊһ˿ж껹΢΢ЩģԾǰһ
ԶȫЩˡ
ȴǻȻδίС̣⻰ûˣɢ¥ĺ洩
֪СѾɢ¥ƵͶԸⱻʲôƹ̣ճʵȥˣ
һ÷Ҳˣ˽ôдʾЩˡ
й˹ӿĸݰôðͿĨᡣ
⻰һ޵̲סתͷһۣһСȫûʵã˷Ч
޵ߣԼ⣬ͳȻǷ򸾣ҲճԭǨĸɩӣȫ鵹ڵء
ӰôӣѪɱˣʲôľګͻȻһɺɫ׽סǳµֻſް
ȻľٶƨûУճﻹ΢΢˲ˡ
˵˼ʵֵúܡ
λƽһ㣬Լ̧ͷֵܸȥסҪϳȥ
ǣͷûһȰԼֵܷ־ܣҪֵߡ
λɩأճĵһӡ֮УǸǿĸˣȴһİûһ˿
¥һ˿ʱ򣬶оһ
ǰƺӰ
һǰֳ־Ʊۿţһȴǰνʣһӹʮ֮Զ
ݡ
ѩ䣬Ӱ֮УһƬѪ
ִɫݵĲ죬һһѪӿȪ



1625 أ£
ڻͲס
޵һȣ˫һʮָβںź죬Ȼ̽
𴦣ʮɭߣХųİӰͷ¡
һ֮ƣܿϯδžһƬ
һ̣¥ˣҲˣֻһƬѪ죬ħӰ
ɫ󺧣˿Щһʱվȣˤ̨ס
ӰȫûҲ
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ƾ޵צһӦħ£óΧУĶ֣ҲֻӲӦûһǳ࣬ǴʦˣҲʩչֽţסˣ
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ǬϾǿʢʵףһ춼ܴﵽһĴʦ磬ȫԵδ󽫾ˡ
ˣȴ򲻵ˣȫ㿪ˣûӲƴҡͷû㣬ɱ֮󣬾һֱվŸӰȫӰ
˵ԽԽ죬ǰɢ¥֮ʱ¥¥ս;öԷֶһŲߵıʿ緶ﰵ
ôҲţһĽ֣ô׵ľͶԸˡ
ɢ¥֮󣬶ԷȻߣҲģ˼ǳȾƳ⣬ôǺµӡ
˵һɵӣη嵹ҲˣʵϣһҲɵɱͥŲһ˿̻
ʣôܻᱻ
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֪ΪΣͷӶŲɡ
ײµò
ճ֪룬ܻܿ̾Щ͵ӣ߳ȷĵ·ӵ
Ľ󣬽Ų룬ӰʵֻһͻóٱĸֱŸðӰ˸
£ļתһֱݵžŹһ
ճһֱΪԼڴʯ֮ŪĲɱطħʵںܲڷѧ֮УųԽ׵
ħļתѾ˶㣬ץסƭ˵ߺ;
Ӷš
ȵǧҸֱƴǴҦϲֵĹõ֮Ѿ˷ףӵ޽Ǳ
ǾֻҪԾ롢ԹӰķЩԣܻóӰӡ
Ҫ˻Լ۾
ŸӰȫǼ٣Ҳȫ棬ֻƾ
ճԪ񾳽ʹݽ֮£Ƕֵʵٸ߼ΣƵ˴Уù
޵ʵȻٸ߼Ρ
ԣҲûʵ
ճ˼УҲŪһ֮ʱͬһʲô
Ǿһ
ϸϸһ̣͸ӦԷÿһ˿Ѫÿһ־֮жž롣
ȫֱ˴ˣճɣǲǰȫÿһѪ⡢ÿһϸ֮ȥˡ
ħӰܵ˿ߣԼѪܷסƬռ䣬ȴⲻסճӰӡ
޵ԽԽǼѣϾǳԶԶ֮ϣܿڵѪХ
ȴǲҷɰ㣬ֻһɱֱָüģ總֮ôҲѲˡ
Уȥ
޵һ˿ȻʮֺڡʱھԼеǧƱˡ
ԭҲ̫ӲģҲ˵Ī֮䣬ûǿѹֻҪԵһ£Ը뿪ðүµĸָƴһͺˣΪƫƫҪȡ
ڵģԼǰ̫ˡ
û¶֣аסԷļҪЮţıͷ
ǰƾĸ֣׺ĵ˶Ǹи㣬ֻҪץס㣬ûа첻˵İӣûжԸ˵ĵˡ
а־ԽԽǿ޵ŭһǨϮɱˣ¾屻𣿡
ȽҲܶԷķӦΣԼ䣬Ϳһ˿ڡ
ǾԼĿѡˡ
λɢ¥оһˣ˽ҲãҲգðΣΪɱˣѾװ׵ĸ߱ˣǸСŮʮҪ᲻öԷܵһ˺
ôǡ
ץסǸСӮ߰˷֣ٲÿԱ
һ䣬Ӱٴ麣һ£ɭɭľ¥ͻȻͱʲôѪħӰХľȫʧ
ֻһῴĿӰһͬѲһ⣬Ѹײڶ֮ƣٿɾ뵽Īϼԡ
һںָۣɭȻԶٴԵĻСﵱͷץ¡
СȻЦģųڵıƴȫûзӦ
˺ѵأܶ̾˺գٶ졭ƿľûз
Ϣ֪࣬޵ΪǬĲ죬ó֮ĲֶΣħºͳ޵õٵ˺ѵһС
һצҲ
ٶȿ쵽˷ָ
Ϊ㿪ɱСӳ죬һӾͳǰ˵䲻⣬˵ٶȣͻû֮صĸо

ѿڶָճھȻֹ
һؽ棬Ǹո˵СԵ޵ð˳
ϸխСӺ󾱴룬¶罣Ѫ١
޵ȫǲţпţ̽ڵָצأǰ죬ȴ
ͣĪϼͷ­֮ϣ䲻
ȫţҪͷȴǻǰĺڰ
һ仰ǣ
һᣬħкοȡ֮أƫƫϲȥͶ̥
һƬžš
ɣ̧ʬ壬ȻĿ¡
ճ޵ĺڳ׺֮ϲ˺һУһŰʬ˹ȥŵЩ㷢
үûʬأĪϼ㣬һۡ

ճЦãһʬˣǳͷ
ͷȺ졣
û𣿻ҪԼ֣
һݸ߲µøһ㣬ȫǺһ˵ס
ûʱİ׺֮
˵ǸԵģ޵ʬѳһ˿ڶԷһСƿһƾɵƤ鼮
ӲͷƤǰѶСĵݵճǰ棬ĿžֺңҪˡ
ճ˻֣˾ɴ⣬תк̧ʬһ̾¥



1626 Ǳצϣ
ƹģһõľƲոеˣȫʹˡ
ճ֣е
ɽƹʱѾҪˣǰһǣĵģδʹøʲôƵġ
⻹Ϊ޵ٸ֣Լ˾ನûвԹ˵Ⱥ;¥
򣬺пܰ¥ݣҲδ֪
ճÿһƿصۣྡྷûɢ
˵ǲеˣֻǴôһ㶫ƹҲ̫ģµǣɱ˹ˣȻҡڵļԾƣ뵽ǰǳ˿ͷĶˡ
ô㲻Ը⣿ģ򻵵Ķռ⳥ܲǳԿ
ң빫үԺƬ̣С׼þƲˡ
ƹͷ󺹣ȥš
ճתͷһ£򸾺һ澪ֵĿţֲңЦЦִĪϼùһɫӣץöɫ
磬Щ꣬ô˵ҲչˣЩǮȥðĶŪСׯӣ̯ͲҪˣġ
⣬ɣ¾˽ˣǡǡ
ǽͰͣǰΪᱻ쵱һЩѪԣһĽԼֵܿЩߣʱ޴Ŀ־Ϯͷǰ޵ĳ𶼵ס١
ںĳͻȻоһۣͷŤԼƤ⣬֪ΪͻȻŭ
ʲôʲô㿴߶ɣȥĻŪ
˫üһᣬ뷴оԱһ˫ĵ˹ʱ󺹣һ˵
Űɣҵ㲻õģ뿪񾩣֮󣬺δ㣿ǮʹþͺãҲȥ˭Ҷ˼ɱȫҡ
˵꣬ҲӦֱӰѳĶֽŶûţֲ̫Ҿܾ
ֵֻܣһҹѾʶˡ
ͬʱҲһֿϲӿͷǶǮ
ǬÿһһԻʮٸǧӣͨ˼һڣֻҪһӾͿԳһ¡
⣬ôʹãʱˡ
ȥɣúùӡճЦ
˵ʵڵģǰһĻԭʵӡ󻹲ǽӡ
ԭôٵԸÿ׳԰׺Ȱ׻Ǯ㣬ȻƲϽԼôֵܣ˵ʮ껹ǮȣƢá
ô˵Ǹ̵ҪȥҲ㲻ʲôˡ
ܵ˵һƽͨͥеСĻСı㣬ĵ˵϶ãҲ˵϶
ʱһʽӣٷųסǵƽҲ˽ǰĶԹˡ
ճ壬̫쵰оƽûʲôִ
ճʲôνģһеġ
ֻ󼸰öңҲΪ˰ȫǣһͽΪǧðűɱΣ֡
ĸ֣ӹɢ͡׷ɱĸ֣ôöأ
ǵģճֻ֣粻һʱ⣬ԼȻһţ¥˵˽ȫˣΪһγɢ¥ʤգ
Щ۷׷׵ģ͸һŷ־η˷Ī˾˵
ǣɢ͵ʹƮǧ򻧡
ȻЩ಻壬֨֨ϱȴһЩĽɫǿճ˼ɷȥ
˽ŲȳЩƮȻ︴ӵúܡ
նԵ𣿡ĪϼԿһᣬͻȻʵ
ЩҲûֻ޻ѧԺĿУʦ̸λ洩ԽĽɺͷ֮ʱйһЩ˽⡣
޻ѧԺĽ̲˵֮ãȴ֮˵ź˵кô
ĪϼҲס
򸾵˺ôϲص뿪Ӷˣ˰죬ûסæǰֺЦݵã÷㿴ҡ
˵껹ָ
㣿
ճ־һ˹ȥŭԼ¥ļһҪǮԶһ㣬´μȶϡ
һȵڵأһᣬͻȻޣͳ¥һЦǱġ
ô𣿡ճЦתͷĪϼ
Īϼ΢΢˫ĿӦһᣬҲЦʣǼһһƣﾹȻĪɻ࣬ӵһʯͷһ㣬СҲǺġ
ȻǺޣôȥͶ
زֳ飬ɢ¥Ե
ִĪϼΪΪû磬ճȴܸӦõҸʱúø˵˵⣬Ǿ¥Щ鲻̫ϸ˵
׳ڻûǰž¥￴ֵʳ˳
ǲҪѧôְ;أƵʵ
һֱԿţҲµ˺׵˼
ǲ̫ãɱɱ죬޼ɣ˭˭ǣչȱҲ̫񴦾ѣִڴ֮ǰýУòСһˡ
ϧˣҲóʵ͵ģ͵͵㼸ۣڵǰأո뿪ʧˡ
ģױʾɣʲôҲû
Ů˵ֱưԴ߰ɣȻʺϸ棬Ǿȥҿȥ컹мûпꡣ

ˣˡ
һϮǵʿ鷿š
˺һᣬﴫµһϵ£е
Žȥʿ͵üۣҶƣӹһŨ㣬һЦһŮŤγȥˣ鷿ڻһ˿Źζ
Ϊ˵ĸıЩ⣬ЩҪװƣһ㣬ķִյúǲƽҲء
ʱڼɵС檣ôܵˣԪ͢Цúڵ̫ʦƽȣһȲ裬һڣǸ
ǴǬʮʿڣƷ񾩸λãҲ־ˣƷȻ̫ߣȨȴǼܹʥȻǾ壬ʮ㡣
޵ɱ졣
ॣԪ͢һ£в豭һʱûȣϡ
ˮ½֮ϣ̵졣
ɴʱȴ˲ֻۣһʵôģϸϸ˵
ʿ˲︹̸˳סı֣ǳ˵һ飬һϸڶû©¡
ʱڳ˺ܶ࣬ʮλ춼뿪ЩסҲƭˡ
УʿʵҲø˲ӵĳЩ鵱УʵλܺãΪ񾩸κһߵ̫
⻰Ȼ˵̫ףֻڻѼɡ
ڳԪ͢Ҳʲô֮ˣϸһᣬ̧ͷʵ˼¾ˣ
Ҳǲܣֻǰսɱüλļ˾ͺãͬʱ¾ʥϣϱﻹҪģûд󰭡



1627 Ǳצ£
ֻˣү飬ǵȷǲ̫ܲϧˣϧһù
Ԫ͢ûǴ޵Ӧʦɣʵǿġ
Ԫ͢ĳƺȥ޵Ϊʿûаֲᣬ˶˵̬ȣǼȺ£ӵģϵӵý
ԼҲˣΪͷҪ䣬ȷǲĿûϵ
ǵģǴʦң»Ǻһʦ˵һߣܹԸ֮ͬϣʥ飬ҲģǴꡣ
Ѱˣͽʮִ󵨰ѳ͢ٸѵ췴𣿲ԣ񾩳פӪ֣к̫ʦ£
˵˿߰үгأ
˵
ԣûܣ񾩳зϵЩ̨ˣ϶֪ɢ¥ǰүĲҵһЩӣ˭ûɫɱɢ¥ʮһ֣Եζ̫ˡ
ȻˣĲǣ̫޵û°ѱ
ûУӵ֮дǰ
ǾͺáԪ͢һˣ衣
µĻһȱ衣

һʮ߰꣬ͷڵ꣬һŵſһʬ壬еѪһԵϡ
ŮʹͷһԲ
ɽϣĹǼλֶΣܶԸˣ
һͱǰŵɢ¥£ŭδϢ˺һᣬŰбɱ⣬ʵ
վˣԱɪŮ̬ȫͬ
һþȣ৵һ´򿪣ֺϣ˿˿񾢷硣
һձͷŹȣʻڵϵһ£汻΢΢³ףжȳޱȡ
һǸŮˣŮ࣬ıȽϸüë絶Χޡ
˿ϼ֮󣬷صǳϢ޵սʮУȻһӱԷȣ죬ӦþǴʦʵѶԸ
أ
Ҳû㹻գ٣ӵġձͷŵ޵˳ħѧȻѧòңȴҲǺĽɫǼ˭Ҳ֡ң޵ǳٶȼ죬£ʵû̫취
ٿ˿ĹŮҲǵͷйܴû𣿡
үӥϢ˵ʱͻᵽﾩǡ
ãж֣ʬΣܴһ֣Ӧù˰ɣ
㹻ˣʵܴڣһ˾ܶԸѴ֮Ц
ĻҲûʲô飬ͬ
ܷɽĴ֣ܴλһ·ͬСɡ
ھǣ̫ʦ˵˭Ȼǡ
ȫԵѪȾ̫Ӹеܴº⼸һֻ֣Ҫһ֣ûа첻ɵ顣
޵ܴʥĴʦ֣ôλܸʥ͹潻ֵɫ
Ӯʥû̫ϣһȫˣɡ
Ȼָһʥ͹ɡ
˲²ܴѾҪͻƹɣϾǱͨĸɻҪ࣬ŶֶΡ
ȴºĹܼңƽ￴ȥΨΨ㲻ۣУܿѾͻʥ
ⶼû֤ʵ飬˭ǿ˭ڽеŴǿסģһ˵ô֪
֮֮󣬾Ϊƥս

޵֮ڰлû̫ನϢͨʿȫ֪ˡ
ȵõϢĺ͸ҧгţ˾ϡ
һңҲǶ˼ȴǷŭϲ
֣
ᣬׯأһ׳ūᵶվñֱ
̧ȥܿһƬ䳡ˮȪм޽οΧǽƬ˵һо
ãһͷڣɫֶͥ꣬
ԹһλѪѸӡ
Ϣ䣬ƺѪζţ£΢΢ЩȻڰе
Ѫ⼸ʱҪǰݣھͣһ£Էǽǰ˵ŻʺӣԽԽĿˣ̫ӻҪᣬҵʲôõ
ǣ
ѪжϣǨǰɫһ˿ɫ
ģϸǿҲĻ£ĻգΪĸھԶԶ̫ӣǮϣ˵ܺһͷҲȲϡ
ЩܣԼҸʴʢ
ܵǣԼ¸֣ҲԶ̫ӺͰ˻ӣû֣ʲôֵһӣͻԸ
£ҲѰһܴһ
Ͼʥֺ͹ɸѵһҲ̫˵»䣬ĸ֣ͿһԼ룬Ҳܸжڴ⣬ʩ
ѪͷӦǣС¶෽԰ʳһԿʶأƣţô˵أƷˣ²²⣬пǹת
ɣתôܸһϣΪɣȫѧ°˴һ㣬ڸңûҪðսǬǡ
ѪҲǵͷȷɽ񾩵ȷ̫ðˣ˭֪̫ʦȭ򾩳ǣ˸ҷ
ô˵Ǿп֮˸ᣬһЩ֪ĸ֣ĬĬţһҹ֮䣬ͱ츳ˣ£ھһ㣬ȫ⡣
ˣҲҪ֪ʵΣʤ㣿ڰ֣ƾղ²飬棬˵ʵʵġ
²ǵ֡
ףȤ֪ԼλµʵѪӰţһѪӰ񽣡ѪͬСɣȻû޵ôҲֻΪһֱڰУԼ齨ѪӪѵ֡
ǹѪĴڣͲᶯյͷû˱֪ܿôġ
ȸ֣ҲԳвУǽǨж
һ͡
ܷŹ˵ͲţǱ̫г£ҽްϣ
ϰ˺ǲģΪͽ˳


1628 ۶ϣ
Ǭ񾩱Ͼǳȴ¥ҲĴȣֵʱʱܿҴߵĽӺ
ճϴ𣬹Ŵлһ£һͨգǲߵġ
ȻʷκһϰȴҲź֮ܶ
硭

ճջظӦԪľ񴥽ǣţͼĪϼЦһʳվ⣬滹ɫһơ
ոûԱ𣿶ˡ
ͷܴ󰥣ʮסһϵҲʳ̣Īϼ˫ȤĴš
һЩ黭ڵ̴㣬Ĵ齣µĵΣ̨߻һԻ֦һƬɫ䣬Ҳ֪ʲôƷ֣
أϲȥ˵ֻסһ䷿͹˰ɣ
ĺôĪϼæĴָһҲûв˼
Ǿסһɣľ븽С壬һ㶼ճָһͷ̲סЦˡ
ġĪϼϲе
Īϼʱļ߻ɢ¥СȴһСһָĸоȴҲѵõĶһ˿
ĪϼϹе˼ճȻᣬġ
Ůʵ̫˷˯ţ飬˵˵ܡ
һν֮ãû״̬ͼɱִճ꣬Ҳоʮִ̼ġ
֮顣
Ȼ˯ţҲúȾˣҩɣǰǼһƿʲô
ѵǱ
ǣû뵽޵ֶܿҪȵʥ֮ʱзõģЯǱ鼮ţƿҺ޺ħƹصĵ龫ѵõĵر͸˰ɡ
õĪϼЩɡ
òţʵ㣬˷磬û̫ԱȵðΪճ֪˼
˵ȻǸճԼʹֱҩǿ߸ǿ˸ȫ
ǣճȴ֪Լ飬Ԫ֮Яľ޴ѪǱʲôҩҪʮٱĶ
ֻҪõѪ࣬ǱԼ¼ȴɵúܡ
ȻЩҲظĪϼһ仰仰˵飬ǣתǣ鶴
ţþáĪϼһ˫۾ˮģȻǸжˣΪճԸʵһ㣬ҲԼʵԱ
˵ҵ޹ͷڷҩ᲻Ӱ졣
Īϼƿ־
㵹ǲˣòĽʦһ·ûͨһû̫Ҫԭйɡ
ճ㡣
ĪϼСʱû޻ѧԺν֮ʱҲֻǿʱһڤ뷨һǿȣĴʲôģûлӴĪҲ䡣
ʱ˵Ϻܺãôһ󣬾Ҳѧ
ճλʩСִڣ޶۵ѧҲ̳ܽɲţĪϼ˵ˡ
ǽ񾳽磬ȫͻͽ
ǵȵѧỪɽ¾Ž߽һЩѧ֮ǰȣˡ
ճʱιжҩϵá
ǰʱ䣬һͻƽĽʦ
ȻǳΣҲ˲ˣڴ磬Ǿ׵һ棬ףҪһ㣬ȻǲɱˡĴĴʦ
ĵ·ʵͳ·ңнɽ棬Ҳһ
ظճһ㣬ںϸҸ·ϰ
˷޷͵޷ϰǿ
ϾһСѧֻҪѧľУҪоеıԭҪһ̣Ϳ
ҩ¶ǣĪϼСú˵ģһλ棬Ѫ̫ҩ̫ǿԪ
ԽճĪϼ䡣
š
Ӱҡ죬һɵȵ赸һ꣬ڶϢԽԽǿж̽صɽ
ʱͥʱ糤ǹꪣʱ뷢ɳ
˺һ󣬷˹ĪϼһХнһ䣬ǰһ̻ɽһ̱𡭡
һƣʮϰٵâ˷ܴ̣պγһԲͬС̫һ㣬ɢԡ
˸УԪҲŽתԲԼԼͳһ޴С
ѾͻֱĽʦʱԪҲԿ龫ҩʮǿ
ճ֣ҩ࣬ںܳһʱ֮ڣ
ҪǣĪϼĽҲŻͻԽչ
ءԲߣã֮ǰһлûɣû뵽ֻǻһ·ͳɹˡ㻹ǸСŰ
ǵȻĪϼͣѽУЦüۣƺճĿ佱ͻƻҪѵá
үҪ佱ˣţѽġ
һˣŮֿʼү˿˿ɫˣźүޡ
ðɣ廹δɣ۵ġ
Ҳۡ
һ֪˭ƷֻµĦ֮



1629 ۶£
Ҹ磿
ճӹ췽㣬һ£Цó˿֯治һݳޣ߰ɣҿλĻӵж˲ţ
ӹһ˿΢΢Щ档
ʵϣĻţûҪУΪҪȵԼɢ¥ĺȫһһܣչʾ޿ǿ֮󣬲Ż
û뵽ֻһ˯ѣոù裬¾š
ү˼㻹˵ˣԽǼУǵõĺôͻԽ󡣡
ôҲûָʲôҪʵ侭͵飬类˻ʼңҵˣȻû̫ĵطȴʤȫ档
ȻлʼҪЩ䡣
ճߵ·⣬һ磬һۿЩǿɱѧһ
ضĹʱռĵ䷨ţһĵ伮˵ʮǰµ侭
ݰ¸ɵط漰Ҫͷһճ
ֹ£ͷڤ¼£Լ޵ϵĳħûȥֻǵ
Īϼһոµô£Ŀ䣬üȴȫЦ⣬ԴȤһ䣬Ѷ̽ڻٰһصĽţװǵȫҵ
һϹСƺŵӫ⣬ʮҫۣŮ˶ʹͷ߹Ҷ࿴
ճҲʮ⣬˵ʵڵģյĪϼС̵壬üԼԼ޵ŵǾСԵЩǣʱȴͬȥŹԣ˵ǹҲû˻ỳɡ
ҪŮģɲ̫񡣡
ҲһݽڣѵС̺ò𣿡ûճشĪϼȾͿЦ
֮ϣӳֵֵճҲò̾ʮǿ
񾩳ˣ·ϿһؤҲû˭᲻ʱ˵ڽͷβŮ
ѹڳеĹӸУǬ죬³ƽ˸ǡ
ճ֪Ǳ࣬ʵˡ
Ǭô˵أܺӣҪǿүʤĳɼ˸Ҫǧرעعغôһ˭ҲǵƤµ
ã±طӭԣݸǶҰҲ̫ƽ
Ǹ͢ȥʵ۹ȥ
ǰ·ճĪϼ䳡ĬĬӦһеϢ˵ͷ
˴⣬ͼӭ˳һɫƴ멣Ӣ̵лǰ档
ûЦ˵ճɢ׹յüʵ
ճһɨͼϢӴѪ֪֫࣬ӦҲǴʦˡ
ֻѪȻǿȴһЩԲڡ
Կܿƾҩģôʵȥ޵ȴҪ֡
书Ҳȥ˵ȴǼãϰأУЦʮϣ˸о
Ȼܹʮλ֮ӱǬһϣλųɫĵط
ţճҲЦݣү̧ˣҳݡ
λǡճӾУǱѣλȻʯѣλ¶عλѩ콣Ǽλմݷ糾͵ĸ˻磬׽׽
ճһһȥͼǽʯѵȻϸ塣ʡ۾ɫͷҲһƻƷǻơƺڷǺڵĹ
¶عһƤ¡ͷϴķ۾΢ɫ˸һ˿ȥһظ߹Ϣ
ǻѪ
ճ֪Ȼߵһȣӡǹھŵ£УȻУӶ⡣
ȻУҪ·ͨû붯ھµĸֳ붼ˡ
ʯܣڻûʲôӦһֱ΢˫Ŀƺ̫Ȥӡ
¶ЦЦĿӣûʲôص˼
ʿ壬ȴоһüͷ塣
ճȴǲ˵һ⣬Щ֡
ӴվŸʲô󣬿λӦþС̹˰ɣȻҼѹԸΪɱѪɺӡ
ЩŹ֣һˮкɳȹˮŮ˳ЦӭĪϼȵǣֵһ˵ȥˡ
ճһ֪Ů˽壬Ҳǳɢ¥ˣѹֻĪϼмӣ˳ԭơ
嵹ʵ⣬ίȢΪޣϧ¸Ͳ̫ܣһֱţδס
ҲڳкȲ̫Ӹһԭڡ
Ϊʱ仹磬δʱ֣ͷԸˮϹ˵
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ԸԼôһûɶĸ֣ҪһЩıƣסɩҪЮ
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ʵϣǼһʵԶԶǿпһЩ˵ʲô˲õĸ֡
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ճ˵ĪϼҲ뷨˵䣬վ

꣡ԱߴһЦʮ̶ִ
תͷȥȴȻ¶Цû֦չȾ޴һһµţ˵۹⣬أδ
òסЦ⣬ſڵ˵㻽⽭ΪˣαأҪ֣ʵۺֻҪһǮͿŷǻ⣬үƣɳһλҪǿλٰ



1630 룬ָ̣ϣ
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ȻŮſԼճȴûô
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ţ˻ԼҪߣõֵԼͷ
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1631 룬ָ̣£
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Ҳûгɹڱһ̣Ѿܴ߹Ӱؿڴ̳һǰͨ͸Ĵϧǣܴ鵭Ӱƺɣָֻֻԭ״ϢֻԽͣȻꡣ
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ճŲ豭Ӱ糵һ裬ֱ̾һܴս¾ơ


1632 ΪӪϣ
ſһŲŽˣһɫ멵ʮ߰꣬ͷ­΢΢𣬴ЦĸԾֻȻɫȫҾ˵䣬һСľͻƭˣһЩаͽҲ˽ȥ
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ǣԱһ߹ڵЦһ
ԶԶվӰɢһƬǹ⣬һˣͷ塣
һȴǱ˳֣Ի
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1633 ΪӪ£
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1634 ﲻݣϣ
죬ճæŽİٻ԰
侭ĵ·ûгš
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ֻа˽ճŷ֣ԭǻ˶˼ͽԼ
⴦ׯ԰ռĶĴǷݣΪٻ԰ʵֲֺֹֻݡ
Ӹе֪ڻ֮ʱΪ˻ʵۻģŵõʹ͵ġ
˵ˣ԰ڻʼ԰֣ʹԶڼڡ
нͰ޲ݻɶ칤Ϊлĸ԰ʮϧƽͲסֻϸš
Ȼ԰ӻһ;Ǿٰ컨ᡢʫڣҲΨһõóֵӹ̡
Ȳ̫ھ̫ʦҲȲúΪʺӣɽ纣һǮӦΨһƾǽѣ񾩳һЩСϵܲһͻ֣á
ȻҲǴ紵ģһδξۻе
֪ٻ԰жҪ

֪ĵ·ճһ޷ţһСǶ弡һǿθҲ࣬һЩ㡣
ƤǣͬĹµĸҲһȻѾ·ʱеڶƻ
ȥӾ粻𡭡׼ƷȭҪŪС
º򸮵ĺûճļƻƲͲò
ȻΪӣʮֲۣȴ֪Ǽһôү׶ӱϾ׶ӡ
߳ٻ԰ūͣ׼ºȥ

ɫʱʱһƬƮֵû
ճתħ¹֮£ͬһ㣬żҲԼۻˣתͷͻǡ
ȻϾǷԷʵǼΪǿ󣬴ﵽɾ磬ܾܿƭȥˡ
ճҪֻһ鷳һ߻ǰУĥţôѺеġŪУ
˵Ҳѣ˵Ҳס
ⲻҪֱҲʲô飬ճʲô½񱣬ֻиõķαس̫ѿ
һɢ¥֮ʱճɨҲʮ죬ӯɣ֮󣬸ֱ֮ױȣǺˣĻûУԼС»ʲô
ǹھΪĳַʽԼŪʮʢǣŮ˼ͷİ˼ͷͰݣԸ˵ĵˣ̻齣û취Ը
ңǼһﻹһص㣬ֻҪһΣգͻ֣ԽԽͻͽˣ붼ἫΪͷʹ
ճȻЩƣҲⷽаգƾھʹﵽĿģʵڲý֦ġ
߹ֵͼһСȦһƬլ
ׯ԰ŵƹǵ㣬ŮŮ˵һһλ
ˣûʵӣΪ̫ʦҲһ㲻ңڸԾμңѲߣ䱸ɭϡ
ճվׯ԰澲һᣬϾһ˿Ц⡣
ҵˣԭǱլ󷽽䣬·˰ţΨһûиѲߵķλȴǺլ׻Ǳסˡ
ճ΢΢أξһƬһ㣬ƮƮķºԺǽֱź԰ȥ·׵ľûһ˷ֵˡ
Ҳ󣬵ʡࡣ˺֮أճˮȾȥͷһȤ
ʱɫ磬˶˯£Ҳ˯һˣȳƣɣɢ¥ǸӢ
·˯üΪϱʮְͣĴ
˿ǰ̫࣬ʱ֮УԴ󺰣һʱҲѲ
ճȴǷ֣ѪԾٶңӦͣжֻҪԼӴ̼һԾɱˡ
װ˯ˣҲΪװΩΩФǣùˣȴҡ
ճͣ½ŲҲٿֻȤĿݣһƤͷƿš
ûеƣֵù죬˯ŵĸѾȴһڿԾص㳾ʩ
⼸ѾҲһȵĹ򣬶׼֫飬Ȼٶͨ˽ͽﵽƤĤʿ׶Ρ
ھжһѺˡ



1635 ﲻݣ£
һʮ߰Ѿ񣺡֣һ춼ڶ֣ʱŷûʲô似
û䣿ǱƭˣС˼úܣȻڷ㼸ѾͷҲ֣Ƿɹģ书˭Ҳ÷һЩһ˿Ц
ǶǻѾͷˣﲻʹ͵ģҪעһжһѲһ飬ûʲôܣͻȻͽ书ʮΰ
֣ڿ๥ܾܿǴ׼ƿ飬ֻҪ˾ˣͻȥס
㵹ǻ飬ҲˣӵС˼ţ֪ߡ
Цɭ̹ǡ
Ѿһ˵ҪҪڳʳ֣ܲμӿƿ
ǲãױ¶ţ̫ԣ෴ҪÿٺóԺúȵźţ˭ë
һٺЦа취ƾٿԻһ£ҪҹجΣԩˣôƿ
谵¹Ц֮ϣĵͬ
ڴϵĺָ΢΢˶ҲȻ͵Ѿŭȴ
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Ͽ˯꣬һӾȫӲüͷüƺ߳ҪǺ
ճУ֪깥ֱ꽻棬úа塣
Ϊգƴһͻܵ𺦣˼вע
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ǷȻճҲʮСȴżͺȹɽֻ̣һ֣ݺһɨգɽӰʹһѹֵĲҺ
ү׶ӣ˵ôһΪңҲǺЩء
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һ𣬷ͷϥŵһͷԵڱжѪ
鴤һСᣬԾӳʮɣ㵽԰һǽڼз֮ˡ
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ճͷ֪ʱ˵жƺһĪٿţ£Ժͽʱؽͬ
ǵˣѣ˼Ϊ˳˳ˮ
ǰͬˣΪðԼ˾·úʵս顣
ݴڿնһ鵭ӰӣǰѿǵӰҪࡣ
׷ߵķ򣬺׺ܿҵ˶֣΢һ񣬾гһɣͷ췢ֳһڷֲ棬ֽȫƬĻӰ˵ֻһ档
ճĵȫҲ֪˴˷޺͵޵ľ֮֡
Ҳ˵ȴǷΪ񣬳ǣҹΣΣΣ壬ɣ׽پ硣
ǰĺӰ̣ȻֻǴҹξ硣
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ǣǰ֮£Ϲ˻ǣ֮ʱԷһӾͻɢˡ
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ճӡУ״һȻգ·׻ǿٶȿ˷ָ˵ˣûκΣգȴܸ
÷֮
뵽ճ΢΢һЦƿŻ߹ݣ˰ߵݡ
·ϣѾոҪ̽һ¶ʲôû֣˫һףͻԲѡ
ճ𴲱߼ϵĻۣ˻ξ͵ȼ͵ƣЦɱúãֵɱϣԸȶūͲ顣
ոչϣϳһ亹ûüһͷַڶһˣԹԵĵ˵ơ
Цһµûû塣
ţûж⡣
ճεҲ֣˭ɱ˽飬˵ҴˣֻһûоŴУѾǲ
Ҳ⣬֪ԷȻʮ꣬ȴ׶飬ѧ˲٣Ӳһףĵ˽ֵĵ
ȻҪķȴ
ȻֻǾһСᣬϳ˭ԭ֣֪ҹΪ£
˵䣬ĵĿһݣûж΢΢Щɻ
õĸѾˣ˯ˣڴ׶ѲģǿԳԡճһ۾Ϳ˺׵˼ҡҡ˵
дߣȻ֮޹ʼ֮ŭȻճﰵ޶ԷԣȴҲĨǣֱ˵ģ𣿡
·ȫ·
ճҲ֪˵Щ̫ã˽ƭƭȡǮƵֶΡ
Щ飬ҪʲôЩҪʲô˵
ôһ֣ҹܵĴǰЦӯӯĶ˵ģô룿
׾ˣо·һȺѻתǿЦ˵ЦЦº֮УʲôΣգ
۾˵ϹˣʵǺ׸Ͳš
ҹãмɣԼɱ꣬ôҲ㲻Ϲ£ô˵úǼٵġ
˵˼άݣôƭڣҲȫȻƭ˾ˣûʲô⡣
ճĬһ£ţٴ˵Щ飬ֵ㲻֪ԶºҲֲã
ҹԲԷĲ֣Ǹ徳ĵ֣ʦǿߣ㻹ӵһ𣿡
ﲻݣƾҪ˵ˣ͵ðʵ˵ԽԽá
˵Էģôң
ôңĸαһڴʱ౻ץˣʹΪǶԷι˷پɢ



1636 ԭһףϣ
ܣ
һͺ
ճĻͬһף⻰ֱӴʹģҲܱģȫŤʹ
ԭĸжˣԷˣúݡ
ҧÿ֨֨죬˫ֽȭͷϱ۾ͨˣ벻ţԷ˵˿˿ۣб۵ģôٵġ
Сʱ龰ʱ⣬ڻȴ絶ʡ
ʱԼ֣ĸΪʲôڴϣ󺹣üĶһĺӡңԼʱЦǺܳ
ɵǣĸ״Ǵӣıץãȫ
ԷˡҧгݵҪΪʲô˺ݶУҪһʸף֪֪飿ģһҪԷ˸ۡ
ճɫƽ̸ͬ˵һ㣬ＫΪƽͱһֵףҲΪԷźµ飬ʵˣ£һ˶֪ġ˵ʱ¶֮ʱ㸸ĵܼһԱŷء
ܣˣƺһǶѪҲ֪ǲҧݣʲôôȻ飬ֺαȢУ
ʱѾ벻ŵˣǲȥţԸпһ档
Ȼͷѣƽ£鶼ԼĿʱеȫȻûãǡ
ϾһʮˣСʱܹӺѹȣȲ£ȷԳܡ
ճҲûб˼ֻ¶һУöԷѹҪȥ
˵ʲôҪȥĸ׷ǰϴҪԷ˸ۣҪȡ¾ΪԼĸȡһھ
ðɣ뷨Щˡ
ķչ̫ǿ׻ĻһˣͱԷɳɱʮ߰˻أٻ߱ɳַϵ书ӴһڼУ˭Թ̤
ͬĸأȴǸ߹ٵԴţзֱֻҪһͻš
ʹʹ
ճģҲġ
ȻҲǳû¸˽˽ԼĿġ
ʹֺ޵䣬ճ뻹üһҩɴСлȫˣүտţҲڻ
ףҲþ֣Ϊλ壬˺ݶܼ򵥣Է˵ݴɣǿиƣΪɫĵӣÿȡԼҺʹأֻɢ¥һˣ˭˭أ˵𣿡
ˣҲ㻹Ϊκĸǰ˾޴˵ʵֵһᡣ֮ط࣬ô㣬̫ϵġ桯ٮٮߣһ漰ռ䣬һ漰ʱ䣬ϰ֮˵ջǼ޴ģƫƫαо顣
ĸеõ֮һ书ͻͽǬʵ֣̫ϵа塣
ģճҲϸ˵ˣţԺ׵ȫס
δõ֮ǰǧãõ֮Ȼ㣬Ҳûʲô벻ͨġ
վԭ˺һᣬŻƽճҲȥֻǷһ˿䡣
Ӧòı˰ɣڣʵûУԺҲôĳɾճֹš
Ȼ⸮ǲסȥˣ˵ûסȷΣѣȫǶһ֮С
׳һҾأһȴˡ
ãͳһв顣ճЦصڣһȴƺһƽⱡܣ΢΢
֣﷢һȥ֪һҽ⣬ʵ˵˰ɣԵΪԼߣĳϲһѧ̵ѧȻҲԵһʽס
ףǲ⡣
֮ǧʥأΪڹ㷺ƴ֣ΪЩǿǵ֮飬żõĹȥӾеλͨ˰ʼ
Ѿˣ͸ɴ൱ףճ̹Ҳûʲô˼˵ġ
ɫһס
ģ˿˹ȥӾǰҹҲֻѰ֪֮Ϊԭ򡣡
صرһ˵ײֱþҹܵĴ̫࣬ѾЩľȵס̬ճôһ˵һʱסˡ
ճЦЦʾ⣬ֵʽף㲻ԿҳҹãЩ˵Ҳи֪˭һ֪УҪһ۹ȥӾȻҲװ׵ռˣֻҪӦһЩʱգһ㽣ѧƽǺԶ֣Ҳ붯һͷ
лһηӦ죬æӦ
˵ˣﻹ᲻ô¾ҪȥͷóžŻľġ



1637 ԭһף£
ǰ棬ңҲæͺúɡ쳽ʱһ룬˵ڴ֮ǰȥϰΣӴѳº֮ǡ
š׹Ӧ£֪ΪﳤһһЩԼԼ޵ĵʧˡ
ճЦЦν䵭ûȻ󲻼Ӱ
Ϸȫףֶβ
װװأȻΪöԷĸԸϹܵ¶֡
Ȼɢ¥ǳ󣬺ԼĽӦòỳԼסǣʵ̫Լˣģôܸģ
۾룬һУԾĴ˿ȴֻ֮ҹϰϰ¹£żܼԶѻζǼ֧Ѳ߻Ժھߡ
ոմԼڵıû˿Ӱ٣ǰһĻֻΡ
ͣҹ֮кһᣬŻصУϸϸĸѾȫ˯ȥһ㣬̾ϢһصԼߡ
Ҳ˯ˣֻǾȴ
𣿲֪
ֻһžѣѧܱƽⱾʲôأһѧֲʧȥʲôѵõģȻûֱᡣ
ҲΪһ㣬ײ֪Ķĳλҹ˺øС
˵ʵʵԶһģȻֱȥֱɱڣĵˣοô

׻طȥʱճվº֮ЦˣȥʱҲûó̫ı£ֻ˻ħӲɡʧľ
ʵƾֵոմﵽҹˮ׼δͻʿˮƽȫְܷ㡣
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֮ʱҲνӰʲôɽ֮ʱЩˡ
ΪЯԽɣı㣬֣üʱǵǱ̨£ʵҲһаħӣһŤתǷͳ˺òɿ
˵ԼûгԿռˣò˵Լʵ·
ȡ˾ת֮⣬Ԫٶʵ㲻ж죬ս˫»Χҵһ١
Ҳ˵ˣĪԶϼһıԼȴŪø۹ңĴһһȫΪС
ԴԼ࣬Ƕԭ
һߣħͷ
˿رԴʶȴ֪ġ
ȻֱѹסħͷʵǣǾƶţԱԶ־ˡ
˵ˣճЩ籾Դ־УʵһˣһĹ͵ɹС͵ǱĶ
ҲЩ׵顣
ȻҲ뵽˽ķǾǳһվǵߣ·ȷΣ
վǶģǼĶ󣬶վⷽĸ֣аܻи³
Щ˵ħͷҲ޳ѪȵĹ֣Ҳسɷ
ôԼվߣΪߣ᲻ҲƬһ棬ôأ
뷨棬ճҪԡ
ߵºլҡƿһŻоŵ㣬һʪųҵϢ
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鷿ٲ涼˸ߵܣܰ飬мǴ̴ӣֽϽͲһ߼Ĵɽˮʯī⣬Щ趼ԵǸӦеľ
ǽϹһ󹭣ͨһǾơ
ΪǣǾֹĹıƣȻǺͻƽȼ۵ıƸ֡
ǺʮĽǹ˰ɡ
ǬǰʮһգڶǱ£ǹ
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΢΢âͼǽϣһŮͼ
ѩأ֧÷ڱѩ֮ŭţǱɰ
ɰģȴ÷һѩŮˣվ۲ˮƺ˵ǻ⡣
ֻһȴǧַ飬˵ݵС
ֻҪŮ˻÷ѩƺȫʧֻů
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ճҡͷ̾ϢȷǸŮϧˣ档
⻭ǴǬʥǬӣҲܿʱĺֳôϧ谮αƣص뻭ʥ֡
Ϊ˲ȡ˷ģȷû˼
ûжԱȾû˺ˣΪ˸ĺ
ճЦˡ
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˿¾ˣһһȥ
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ϴг֮ͷ֣ԼʵûнͣõöˣͿܱ٣Ȼͻᱻų⡣
ԣܹûǲãʱĺֻʥ۷壬ͻܺӦˡ
鷿ͼ˽˺Ϊ磬ҲΪʲôʱ䣬λǬ̫ʦһֱظסڸ
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˿ճ˻һĿģߵԣǷһϸ¼
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Ź֮ճת뿪ĵĴŻʧɫ֮Уټºûһ˷


1638 ֱ루ϣ
գģϢŨº·Բݵ棬һҹ֮䣬˲֪ϸС䡣
㣬泩
ǣˣȴûһȥʱ⡣
լëƤ֮ϣһ溮˪ԱһЩ˵ͷ
ȺԺǽһϣ춳ɱˣȻûһ˷֣˭ܸҵ׷ʲô飬Ե޹ʵôɰ׳գ
Էüһ𣬿ȥΪˣ֮ʱ͸Źˣʮ˳֣ҪǶԼرģʲô¶ǰ档
񣬺úõĵ£ͱģܲ
飬ҺݺݵĲ飬ԺȥС￴һʼѾͷûʲô
ǣˡ
һʮĸݺӹһ񣬾׼ȥ
Թ㣬Ѳ߸ˣô飬㾹Ȼһ֪Լҵ㶪ˡ
һӣͨ죬ǰϼ죬ͷūʧְһǵǰ͵ˣҴҪҳ
Է˵˵ͷɫȻЩ䡣
ֶѾˣ˳Ҳûʲôô
ˣˣӣ˵Ҫүȥٻ԰Сס
һѾܵſڣСؽеһ±ģ
ĸĪµİٻ԰û˵ΪҪСǰȥԷɻ
˵ˣѧȥϰʫ飬ѧաѾæػ
һôû˵л˸Ȼϣʸ֦Ȼ˽Ҫʲô˺ΪԹ㣬˰ʲôҹߣºʲô˶Ҵģ
ȿȡˣĿ䣬Ϊ
վݽ΢˫ۣƺڱĿһһģİСͷͻȻ˵ˡ
ôˣ̫ҲԺүִĪҹºļ²ɣܼѵҲͬС̱ӳȥѧǺү˼𣿡
ǵǣˣ»ýһЩԾܾ֪λٻ԰ɲʲôС⼸񾩳˺ܴˡ
Ϲܼҹ˵ɫȴʮƽͣЦүڼУЩ黹ǣñЦȥ
󵨣ܼң˭ĵô˵ԹվϹܼô˵ģˣͰ˸ߣûɫѧյºˣҲʲôط
Է˵˵ͷһܼңָڻеİèϡ
ء
һèУǰèʹһ͵ȥͼʱèѾͺһ飬ȴǱԷ˾һë

ճɳٻ԰ܼȥºӣҲס
ҪʵǸһ˳ºɡ
ǬĹغ֣ûзּ֮ǰΪŮһɣǽѽѣǰʦѧնüͬ⡣
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ͬĵ£һЩºҲһ仰ջȥȻѺڸпԲ⣬ɡ
ʿ˺ͰУƫƫȻ
ӣӾͲū͡
ԣҹճź׵˵Ҫӳȥֱּ֮ҿʽʮָˣЩɣΪʵ̫ˡ
ȫţԼλкΰ취˵Էˣ
˷أ񾩳У࣬ʱҲᱻʬ
ΪʲôҪȵо֮󣬲ſ˳뿪ºΪһֻҪ˾٣ǹǾǳ͢ˣҲܴѾ
ıŴ֮ǰǵ͵£һΪϣ̼Էˣȵ֮󣬾ͺƾԾɡ
˵ʵڵģЩˡ
ְıĸ书Ѿҹӣ׮׮ȫº֮ʵ紦Ѩ
ճûг֣Ҳûбİ취ֻܵƣϹƱӻŹԪæЩ˶ܹӳԷ˵ɱ֡
ܵ˵ֶζֻα겻α浽Σʱ̣ЩԮܷӶãö֪˵˵ȥԼĴʵ̫ѣһ֪
Ҳճܹ˵׽׵ԭڡ
ʵ벻ԷʲôɻܾԼĺ⡣
֮ΣʱֻǲѶΪ֮٣Ժ˵
ֻѡţճʳԶʡ



1639 ֱ루£
ճӣŵĺ󳵣ֱº֮ȥ
Ҫţͼһ˸ԶԶͣſڣһװĹű
ԭȥ
һճһ
Ǽɢ¥ǳսģճĽĽòˣУ񾩳Ǹ߲һЩϢš
֪λɱ˺жܴѺһ˷ˡ
Ϊ£ھսŵòˣ˵ʺڹдһżҲʮֲαʾҪϳ޷֮ͽ
ˣһΪλͷ֪ôȴǲΪȻ
Ҫǵһӡ̫ˡ
λһ֣ɱ޼ɣռȣȫ󲻳Կ
ϹҲҺװһɡ
ƺ̽۹⣬ճû⣬ֻЦЦ͵ͷߣ֮ͬͨϡ
ʲô˸ôº
һȺԺ˹
֣ȥ
Զһȡ
ȴԹſ˴һ
ʮ˵١
Щ˴඼ǸİսϱǴӱ߾һЩ񣬴ʱǰأɱڣмơ

ȻֱӴȥŴС죬ôˡ
Ϲһ𣿷ģոº¹⣬ѾճתͷЦЦŲδͣ
ͷĵط졣
һֻۣǹ߷Χıȫĵϡ
һģһֱۡ
֮УŨѪζ֡
ৡ
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ȫû巢ʲô£ֻʮ˳ȥһ紵͵ʮ첲Ӱɡ
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ЩͣҲ֪ôش𣬹ʹľ͸ճ
ЩԺʿһˣŻعʵѰģºʲô
ʲôҲûֻһѧҪȥٻ԰Сס֪ģ󿼾Ϳ쿪ʼˣʦģҪһǡ
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ư̾һֻǽѧȥͣȻҪɱѪɺӣ
ʲôԻ·
ԣѧףϹ㲻ѧĺѵ֪šŰţ಻ԣҵҪ˵˵ˣ˵ѹڽģʲô֪
ճһߣһ߽ѵƣϷģ
˫ְ˿Բܣ⵱ʦĲܲܰòһƷԶʮѧȻҪһõѧϰ˵ǲǣ
ƾúеһʱ֪ôش𣬿Щס
󵨿ͽһǹ
ԶеĿ󺺣Լˤһأʮϱ۵Ѫ֮Уʹ߳ŭһǹ˹
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ٵǹӰ˿˿ХȺ߳ǰһ⣬˹
СģǴɵġʽԼҵĸԹ㡣
ƽŲһ٣ֻϷ䡣
ճҲǹƲֻ֫䣬á
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֪ѾճĻϴԣԶվһ룬ıŰǻıȳ
;º֮УԷ˶Ժʮֿ̣û뵽Լû̫ˡ
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һ⻮һϸϸ˿ߣһ粼ƥ
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绢ԾĿ຺ӣԾڰյӰ΢΢һ١žડһֳΣʯ֮ϡ
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˿ҵĶŽţֽеѾˣѧʱҲһԹ۵ģܲѧ֣Ϳǵıˡ
Ҳԣ
һڿˮЩˣϲе
Ǭʵѧġ
伮ɢʧأѾ˥ܵòӣµҲΡ
¸ӢűֻȻûаɫΪСƫƫ¡
ֱǱһķ⣬Ŷˮ
Ҳǣһ˵Ǭ𾴵ģʵȴһ£ܽõľˡ
ΪǬҪһСġǮΪ
СֻǬǮ̵ô
Ǭ߲̣ճǲôģˣԼ˵һƱ˵ġ
Ϊֻ˳˳ۣ˳ˣ͸ô˳ˣֱӸɵ
˵ǿСһСҲûʲô̫ϵճԹ۵ԭ򣬻ĵãǺ׸ϵ
Щ˵ˣվߵģ˵͸Լһˡ
ճôһ룬Լȷ
ҾǼġүүӦûô˷ɡ
һ½С£Ӱڻֻճһ顣
˳ɱԹ㣬ҲºһƬ̧֣סԺӡ
ո̤ȥͼһŭʣ˵ǲ˵أǲ㹴ˣֺˣ
һԲԺ˫ֻǰĵȴš
ڵȣһԼ

ճ˽ϻѪЦһ˵ҪˣɱģºҲ֣ʲôʱ˿ӣŰˣָǿЦȻõıԼү๼
ףʦɻݵãˣǹܽʲôţѾɱˣɡ
ºԺͳԹ㣬Լҵĸ֡һͷۣݶ֪˳ɱˣһǵһμ
Թˡһ˿ӡˮţһļһԷ˵ҹƫƫŸڻѲߵȣƽԼֱǶ衣
ΪԹĴͷãڵڻûһԼλүЩ˰ﻹʲôһĶʲôġ
ʱһЩ裬ܻǿԼֻһĳ飬ϣһõ



1640 ȥӣϣ
ǰЩӣ׻ûʶΣֻǾסڸ̫ܺͱ
ֲ⣬Ҳϰˣòš
ʱľҪѳＤԱ
лʦܰΪʦǺ׵ĸվĵϲá
Ǿ߰ɣ󿼻һ£͸סڰٻ԰Уúϰ飬о֮º˵һٿҵʲôҪߵĶߺõ֣һȥС
ճҲ⡣
ȥӾ֣ǿǶԷĸԸ͸Լûа
Уţħȭͻħȭһβݰɣʦָͽܣ֪ܲܲͽܵǳ
Լı²˵Ŀɨ¼ı£һָֻҪˣ¼ͺƵʡзʽҲ͵ѧˡ
ϾǵĹҹһ֣Ǻ׿ģطڶ⣬ЩҪˡ
ճЦÿģβɨһǼѾԺֻǵźʰ
ˣˣ㾹Ҵ治ɱԼһԺǺС׽
һ𣬽Ų죬һȺӿ˹ŭеһ귢Ĺˣлһֻɫèʱèըë
ܼңүڣҿô֪˰ɣԷݵһճתͷݺ˵ôãºҰҪơ
ǣԣүعأܵɱˣʵ񼫣
һϵӦһӰ˳һ̤Ϲžž죬øߴ׳Ҳʧ̬ͰԵ
Ϣһããֱգ¡¡ԺгѪһķӿվȡ
üëº˵λû뵽Ȼʥ
Ѫ𣬴ʦԲڣʥԵı־Ǿ̣Ⱦ磬һĵֻ֣Ǳ⾫ѹסʲôֶҲʹ
ճӦ֮УܼϾֱգʮߣ֮һɢһΰ
ԭĸ磬ﵽһΣֳơ
ճһ۾ͿˣһλܼŰ˸Ĺ㣬ĳֲ֪Ӧţһһ֮䣬ǣ޴
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Ҳʲô̫ϡİ취ǴһЩѨϣ֮壬Ǳøǿͬʱ
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ΪǢһڲѨϼһЩá
ѾԽѪ漰磬أʦȻСأأһǹѨϵһ𣬷ӳ޴
ѪĹںϴ
ϵģճһ˿Ȼ
ʵ۶ԷֲģϾֻǸոտƿﲻֵһᡣ
ܼңȰ㻹ǲҪֵĺãܴǲаʱѾظ㲻벽󳾰ɣ
ǲ԰׵ģԣճڣϲʵ֤Լ˵
һԼȳ΢΢ֽ⣬һ̤
䡭
أȥûʲôƣܼҺºСԺ·ҡ
ҲһҡΣһɽХѹȸУմشм伷ѹվȵҲ͸
㲻ҪԪɱҾƬռԪٿȨޡʥ֮òѨֻƾѪѾһ룬ô
ճӴԪȻʶ⶯ãҲֻܲˣɣԪǿıʻڣǣķԪɡ
˵ܼû浶ʵǹǰֻǸԼƴƣ⵹ײ塣
۷壬ֱ׵Ԫǹ־ͬմһôᱻһʥȥ
һǿʤƬؾ緭תһ㣬ֱֱܼҵ
ܼɫ䣬ͻȻԼͬ֮Уܿ񳱾˶
һ̣оԼͨһ˳ˣѪҺ֨֨졣
ףܵԷѹӶ
δ򣬾Ѿˣ֮£ܼҽһ䣬ƮҶһͬʱֻֽӡת
֡
һֳֵ֣ת
ꡭ
˶һƺһֿĶ鿪ͬʱĻܼн֡



1641 ȥӣ£
ܼɫһףӿһȺ죬ŵŵš岽òվȽŲӣ˵ȻѹܴҲӲסһ֮Ǽʶˡ
˵˵ºԴҲܲϧΪ˵㣬Ӳо裬Գ֣Щв
㡭ܼɫͨ죬ŭ⣬ǿѹֻ˵үһѧͨ쳹أʤٱǧֵܵģ
Ǻǡ
ճЦҲȥ磬ҹ⣬Щɵˡ
ǲ˳նɱλܼңһ˼ɣѹһֱš
ԼҪնɱܼңƱҪʵʱְԵЩòʧ
ȵЩӣתΪʺⷽع֮Ҫʲô죬һʱ
ʱֻҪﵽĿͺá
ͷһۺףȫ֮⣬Цףʲô᲻뿪𣿵˾֮ʱԡ
ǡǣ
׻عճ棬Ժȥ
ƶһۣĿ֮ȫ𾪡
ǲ֪ܼҾȻʥΪʥĸҶսһĸ֣ѹķӵĪ뿴Ĺһ㣬Ǽص
ǣһ֣ԼλǰȻûа㻹֮
ֻһ̤ܼҵľѧԷ˲ᡣ
ȫѹ˸һΡ
жǿ
ûһ̣׾죬ǳĺڰҹɫ͸һ˿⡣
ȥ
Է˴ʱѾŭݶЩŤˣݺͬһ͸Թ֮⡣
ʲô⣬ʿ֪
ѧýʱȡ˹иףһҪĸ׷ǰڡ
΢΢죬ӹһ˿ɱ⣬΢΢ʹͷԷˡ
ӺɷҪѩޣܼˣһ첻Զˡ
СҲع˽ԳȺүһᱻҹġԷҧгݵ˵
룡
ճӰһ͵Էǰ
顣ܼҾֽеȴվԭأҶ
ΪְһɷסԼüģֻ΢΢Ӧ뵽ˮ֮У⳹ǡ
ΣӦǰطƻҪǿ࣬һԤֻ֪ҪԼһпѪʮ
ž
Է屻ճһƳõɶ𣬺һˤԶڻԺʿѾţһ춯
зɹĹһƬȺ죬ݣѪ
ΪĸȣĶʵڹˣ࣬˺ܲϲ
ճһ
ٴŮˣֶʵЩ̲סֽѵһ£ͷˬһЩ
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ڴԼңһֱ˳죬˳۵ȫɱˣԼ۸ˣʱֵ۸һ¾ˡ
ճһƴʮųܼΪʲôԼ
ףЩˣ署ʵ
ճʵߺףˣô鶼ûõģ򲻹˵ٶ࣬еǹƨ
ҲܺûУճ˵һ䣬͵˳ȥ
һΣºˣްҳ衣
ܼҶ˵ӣĸԷ˵;ʹͣȫް˼ɣ֮զ࣬û㹻ʵ˭·

ӰʧԷ˲űѾְ˽ŵķ©ĿŭܼңôţҲ֣ոɱңүһҲῴң硣
Ϣŭʵ̫ǿūԶǶ֣óȻ֣»ἤŭԷʹɱ֣á
ܼҵüۣûһ˿ŭƺﻹԼ˹ոûлңЩԡ
񾩳кʱȿͽƾ͸Ҳѳ͢Ϸ
Ӧòƣơǰλһնɱ˺ܴͷϣңѺ˷ˣūȨĲʲô
ȥѰҺүѴ¸֪⣬ȥ֪ͨӪؼһˣУҲŹȥˣд˳𲻱ʳѰ
ǣˡ
Ӧ¡

үˣ
ջصٻ԰ĪϼʹһƱǰš
Ҳ֪ճȥºˣִܻܿҪһǰȥճãڼ֡
׼õط𣿡
Ժʺ飬֮ǰ׾ͿסԺͦģϾʱԴ͡
÷ĺɣͷź鹫ӴһЩ£¡
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ˣҪףڰٻ԰͵ԼһȥٰɣȻҡ
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úϴһùͲź˵
ϹҲǵһٻ԰С̵ɫɣȺ׼ˣϰ
õġ˸߲ңĪϼߴߴ˵º
Ů֮˸׻죬ֻеòС

Ŀž鱾ǲһ侭֮У¼Ұ侭ڻ֮Уճ˱
ЦŴӻͳһĽɫҳݸճȫΡ
һ֮ǰ⾭鵱ƣҪı´һϢ
ǣһ֮ȴ̬ƽ͵øˡ
̬ת䣬Լúǲ˼顣
ճı䣬ʱףܶණʱƶڸı䡣
ףĴ˿ȡи֮⣬žĿˣ־ӵиıԼ˵ĿܣôϧΪ
ȵʶճĽ֮ٵõŵԾԼ£ǳȥ˺֮ǣȥӾҪԾС˺ܶܶࡣ
ǵʱճһ̤رɫ龰ܼͬ˹һɫԷ˱׵Ǳ顣
гһü
Ҳǿ󣬸жá
ճû̫ע׵صĽ¹ȥӾû˿ȴǴϲ
һȥ
ȫ֣һɫķ񣬶֮УǳΧת
˫΢գϥ˫ֽӡ̬꣬ȴϣ͸©һУϤϢ
һָоԼǧԴǰ
ԱǷ鶯С֣İׯϻ



1642 ʯɽϣ
ֻһȥճʶеԪͶСѾͷϸףϤζƺЩ벻ˡ
벻ͱˣǸôҪ㿴ܼܲ¼ϡճһСѾͷȻڸ֥ɱ壬׼ȷ˵ڿŰ֡
Ȼ飬ճӡУ֮õĵԶҪ¸壬˵ȫǸ¡
ճ˼Χ֮󣬾Ҳˣȫֿԡ
˵Ҳ֣֥ƢõòУһЩϷô治飬ȴһҲ٣սŰܣŰսҲį
СѾͷ벻Ķ߼ǵĳδʶ֮ǰǰʶ
ϢűԭʧҲòȱ
ԴҲ벻ġ
СüͷҪͬʹ䣬ճæֹ
ܼ¼ȻǲⱾ飬ӣǾתҲ˶١ֹ߶䣬Ͱӷ࣬ԼƬȫ
ճ⣬𲭣ͼŰ˸ͼȫɷǱׯϡ
ħǶɱս֮ŭ֮Ļ
¹չԼ
ӷ뷨սٵħһѹֺ˴˾֮󣬾ӵۺѧʲô򡣡
飬ʲôȵϹȥҪá
Ϊڹȥٲ䲻࣬٣Ȼͼ㣬ָ֮ϣںδ޿ܣǻۡ
ҹսϵҲˣǽۣѧӾ͵Դ￪һһֱڵҪǿ󶼺ѣսĸãǲֵһˡ
ŷͼãȥܼ࣬꣬ħնݻʵһ񹦱䡣
׳֮󣬺ܳʱһֱŹȥӾ뷨սճЩЦ
Ҳԣʼ֮ʱҲûʲôֶΣֻĹսҲǱƲѡ
ȥ䣬δ޳޵С
˹ȥӾճδԽԽǿˣо׾Ӧòⷽı֮ż˵µĵͳ
ԼɽٻŮ֮зֵľתһȫ˴˷硣
ĪĳλתԪ񣬾֮ʱĳ֮
Ҵ˵֮Уд֮ʿôǧŹǧһָ
˵ǣŹˣһƣ˿ÿ˯ʵϣȴǷֻǧǧķС֮Уıϡ
ÿһõľǻۣἯᵽϣֻҪ΢һ룬֪жǿˡ
˵ǻ֮ͨ쳹أ˵ͨ飬Ҳܱȡ
Ƥһأǧǧ˼أ
ճѹסĿЦеĿףɫƽĵţûһ˿ͣﲻɰȲʡ
㲻һҲһĶӣѾȥˣֱȵһЩ塣
ճţ͸º͡
ףⱾȥӾҵİɣԺٴˣʵҪȥĻҲܹ͸˾ȥܴⷽڣȻ˶Լ
ʲô˼
һԺİѾ˹ʱȻ󲻵ļ½룬һͷ㾫Ͷ̥ŮΪ¡
ңĽģԵһƬϣȥ˶Է
ճ£ûסЦ
չģߵģպģջݲݵģĻǵһμ
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ģڷҴУȥֻһ˵˷֮ȥ귨ģֻһͻ⡭ụŵģΪôˡ
ǡһ뵽ǰž飬ǰλˣģҪӣЩˣɫһ䡣
ѵҪֹֹͣ𣿻᲻ǿзȥҵУһ׻û˵ճѾˡ
ᣬ˵ԺţȥӾҵȻԭ޳ҲǹȥǻΪҡ
ʦߣҵ󴫵Ǳݡ
Ȼ˵ѧˣճҲҴš
ֱ˵Ҳµû֮ʱ޳Ժ뵽ģǹȥӷ࣬˵ҲֻһȥҽҪȴǹȥӣǹȥңԼĹȥ࣬ô˵𣿡
ˣ˵ĳ͸˾⣬ܴˣ˼ˣֻȡȥ㲻⣬ȡӡ
ԣ÷Ϊã˵վǱ˵ģߴҲһʺȻҪЩߣҲؿԺʶˣΪˣȻᶮ
һֱŵȥˣоһ˿ŷɫ
ˣҲһţóĶʩ̣ȾҪѧסףţħȭͻħȭͷβȴһ飬ĸزˣ
ճһĪ
ָ㡣
ȭȴһҲˣûж롣
ʵҲˣҲΪ׻ƤȭʲôģŪУΪҲø
ԼλΪߵûб߼ʣȻ̰ͼСơ
ɨ¼
ճЦ
Ȼ̰ͼִĵͼȭֻ͵ѧѡ
˵ȭǴ˷õĵȭǰϣһѧѧ



1643 ʯɽ£
ʽһһʽĳȭȣڡ
ȭ紸繭꣬ͷӡ
ţħǣţħ̤㣬ţħƤ
ۼúϰƤⶼ΢΢һһ״ճ۾ŽâԪתܿͿ͸ȭԭ
һţħȭҲֹͣһȭһ䣬Ͼ졣
ħħɽħɽħ˼
ȭźХУֻ˿öĹͷûڶС
˷·뵽ɳ֮УгʸйĽ
ȭȻʮſ鼡⣬ͷһ©ȭľǽѧ֡
ԣǽʸ֣Ҳ˽ϸ΢˼߲εģغĵٷƵľȭ߱Ĵܡ
ס
ԽǼ򵥵Ķ˼ԽģճԽԽɣµĿߣԲʲôͨܿżȻĴܡ
ԼһĳһЩۼ
źȭ꣬ճϲãһʣ´飬ŻʺϺ׵ķ
Ҫֵ
ݰɡ
ճƴ֣ٻŮ磬ɽ̨ɴֵ͹λôһֵõһҲۡ
ҲѹҪֵΪ漰Ķ̫ˣϵرԴ컯
һݹףҪҪǵÿһ˵ĻϸȥҪࡣ
ճȻҲŪһЩ˳ֽһЩͿˣںϵõ˴ôò໨һ˼ĺǹⲻȥ
ܿɡ
ճ۾ϸϸһᣬЦٴһ飬һ㣬һȭϸ΢֮ԼӸĽȭʱҪϸв֮ͬ
ǣȻʼǣȴʿ׶ûԲ˵ִﵽʦˡ
ֻ߹Ƥ׶Σͽ׶ΣĤǸֻʮ֮һⲢȭŨȤ
ΪһսɱзҰģĽЩǿᣬݵĸ֣ټҪı˵Ŀԡ
ʱҪٴһ飬û˵ƣ̵Ŀ
ոմһȭ͸оһʹ岻ľһѾ΢΢Ρ
Ҫͣճʴ̳ں䣬һֻܴȥ
ں֪ϸ΢棬ճ֪һȭȫѾΪԲȵһ壬ÿһ˿ʼ
ԽԽľֻƺȼ桭
ҪͣԼǲǳʲôë뵽ķԸǿºģרһµĴţħȭֿʼϰħȭ
ȭͬʱסԼÿһγȭÿһȣÿһתĸܣıԭеϰߡ
һʽȭֻ꣬оһѹֲסĴۡ
һں䣬²졣
ħ
һȣͬһ㣬Ȼ˻ȥ˫˺
һ˺
ͬһʱ䣬鷿֮оϸûݣ˶졣
ʦҴﵽʦ׶ˡ
׾ϲĵͷԼ˫֣ով˫֣ԼͻԾ˻ͬʱ˺˿졣
ֻȭƤʵǰ˳ɱֹ
ȫҲǿ࣬
ʱһָоѪ֮Ӳ˵ֺ
ȭͷһɾ޴۵֮䣬Ҳθߵ۷塣
һȭһͷϻ
⣬ô£
̧ͷȫǻϲǶûʲôʱҲףʵܴԭԼʮ
ֻһʱѣ˴Ľȫûн̵ʲô»ģ
ճ֪׵Ըһϲ̸ף¶Ҫף̽ԭĺ汦
ɻ۹Ҳ֣ЦÿһŴǧľѧһֵĳֹ򡣡
˵ţħȭƤ⣻ħĽǼܣȫߵ˼ԭϿ۷壬Ǳ˵۷岻Լġ
˵ѧȭ߲򵽴ȭߵı⣬ڴеĹʧȥ⣿üͷѿڶ뵽ѧʵ·ȥˡ
ճҡͷ⴫Ļûô˵ɣһȭѧϰô죿
׳һᣬ˵һϰһЩܣԼϸ΢֮뵽ȭ֮Сÿһȭ֮ˣָܣԣȭһŮأֻһСǴͬ
һ˵һŲӣȻͣлʣһοճȴȫǳ羴ˡ
лˣոĽ̵ʵѧȭ⣬ʺԼĲõģֻҪܿǱǿȭ
ˣҲ֪еѴ֮
ûͬƬҶο֮䡣
ܹת˲֮䣬ͰԼͨ͸ʺԼȭⱳǻ֮ߣ֮ġ
С󣬴Ҳܿʵɲ⡣
˵ʶû˵ֹ
ԶԣԼʵʲôˣ̵Ҫͻͽѡ
ԭʩ̵壬˵ǵʯɽһЩ
ǺǡԾˣճϻοΪһʦµľǽڵ޶۵ѧǰλʡʡˡ
˰Цտγ̾͵˴úȭڻ԰ȥɣѧ
ǣĸˡ

ճѾȲҪϰȭ⣬лʺҲҪʼжˡ
һ˻ֻ˻ԹۣһˣԻʹļףֱ
ǾǺĸʺϡ
ʺҴ壬ʵɳǿ
ֳһڼ£Ϊ׽ٹɣǶʮǰ״Ԫ
ǵѧʣǷȫ£ڳнιֵ֧ľԼϣгһܵپŶ
ϣ䱾ϣô޶ԣ
ԼңԼô۸ţߺףأЩŹ˵ļһҲһ̲ɡ
ֻôжأǺԶ֣
ǿδδţҰ˷ת˭ãҶúдġ
뵽ճϾ롣
ӹȥӾ⵽һЩʱĵԺѰؼЩ΢ģֲԼΪİ취
߹һ·ֱܴͨ׵ĵ·ǣҲǻԵ


1644 ٴαǿϣ
ĸҪ𰡡
һĺں
Щ죬³ߵͣҶ̸ˣǴɫ˵Ŷ
ԭǣԼүɷˣﲻ㣬ڣ֮󣬲һ
κ𣿡
Ӧǣ˵ɵʮλɳʲô״󣬲үֻһЩˣκõİɡ
ǾͺãʲộЩȫˡ
С㣬ȥֻһĴүɲʲôƢ
ǣǡ
æӦ
˵Ĺ᲻£
ʲô£ЩôܷҪǧٱ
⵹ҲǣүܹתǻЩͣ
ʹ͵͵һůһһŮߴš
еѹ꣬ݸף磬㲵úܡ
Ůĵͷԣб棬ȫޡ
ǵոںߵܷɽĴеķĹ
ˣܴɽϱ˵ȻţҲò˶٣ֻźûѹʱûиǶ
˵ȻغйΪ֣ӳ£ԼȴôҲ˵ȥ

ů֮Уһڴ֮Уʮ˸Żĵʿβܣӡ
֮УһƵ׹⣬ž죬ը׹˿
˿ɼӣѺ棬ƺһЩ֪Ϯȥ
˺һᣬݿ»õˣ϶һЩѪɫһЩ
ſھһʹ𣬽ĸ
񾩳УСǺŽԿ׳ɳģûܵκίʲô鶼ҸɣΪӰɢ¥˹Ҷ֣飬ҲֻƽʱȤڣճݼͨ붼󲻵ġ
ңõϻʺĳ谮˶ôƵ飬˸˵
Ϊ̫ӽ̫УϵĲ¼ɣķ̫Ӵ̨ϷҪǺ
ںǮ֧֮£ʵְз֣ڳк̫Ҳ̫ࡣ
һеһУȻҲֻǰڣȴȫģ
Ϊɢ¥һˣ䵽˵زոѹίҪһ
Ǹ˵ԼǺ֮ǡ
Ŀ޽УԶԶŵһŮһ䣬ʵΣ
Ů㣬䡣
һ̫üĿվûұһʮ߰ʿЦŻػлʺ鸣Ǳסˣھ֮£ǻָԭΪߣӦû⡣
ŮƤһһһ˿ɡ
ʿ˵Ľ⣬Ҳ̫ʧ
ܹһ£λĻ࣬дɣҲûһᡣ
㷽ɵŷӺܲˣһ²ǰæºл
ʺǸ棬ȻɱͿŭȴûб¶ƽȻöϻǳǳЦ⡣
֪ˣܻΪ˿鲻
ʿǷɵϣگΪˣϽ⣬Ƶ£׼Ȳ
ЩҲֻ׵λڳ͢ʺ󵹲ôء
صĻΪһɴ̷ɵŵλԵܴ
Ӧæ͵һȫ֧֣ɱһе㱾µСԺԺĶգҲż
ΪɵɲһʮڷоһЩֵֹĻطһͨˣǵҲܶʥɴɱˡ
ͳ޵ʿУɵĵ·Ѿ߽аȫûǰ;ڻʼȴǼá
һ뷽ɵһЩ´
ϳһ£Իʺ뵽еֺôڻǴӦ
ʺõСĵطҲֻһ㻹˵ǰͷҿƣôҲ̫׽ٹɵֶΣʥߵȭ⽣⹥ֲǵʵϻ־
Ȼأʺ۾зţһȻҲóҲ뷽ɵ¾ʵΪ˶Ըɾݵķ־
ʥֶȻ࣬Ӧ׼֮ȴǱȵҪǿ࣬ΰĶӦκսû̫֮С֣ǰղ󡣡
ϵı⡣
аɱҲô˵һɵžʹƱ˵ɱʥûô룿
֮ǿԶԳ͢ɼв
ʵϣΪԷʥִ˵ʵûʥκαҲûչ¶ɿѪѹơ
ܴӮܴҲܿ϶ж٣ʣƾֶصֶΣԼɱܴҲǲѡ
ֻΨһЩǵǣ֮дϢ˵ȥºļУݺݵһѣֵºϻͷġ
˵ӪͳΧ˰ٻ԰ǿ֮в£Űݡ
ȻûдҲڸǣﲻһ뷨
λǨ̫ʦǣҲ˼ϷɵıʵӦҪ߹
һڴӦԭ
İɣ˴жֻȾĸɣˡ
Ƿ﹫ҲԶ֣
ɫһϲ˷ֵѹá
﹫վԱλ̫࣬ʱʮֵ͵ȴǹһĴ̫࣬ûʵ컯ѧʱʥ֡
ֻҴ֣
ʺüһֵٻ԰ǻʼׯ԰شڣе㶯ͻʮۣϲϲֵָ֮ó



1645 ٴαǿ£
һҲԳ֣
ɫ
λͷǻԼ׷ɵȻ֮ϣһͨ쳹أ͹׽٣Ͳ֪Ƕٻ١
ȻҲ֣
δС˰ɣ
׽ٹɼ£ʥ﹫ʱ붯Լʮ˽ʿǴֱʰ
żʺ⣬ϲɵôһʲôҲܵŮ˰οȨƵŮˡ
ﲻɵĳĬ
̾Ϣȴûаͬ飬ΪԼҷɵǰ;бҪҽãԷɵһż
ΪԼһΪɸչˣȥ

ٽΣճҲһЩȸС
ĺ»ʲôΣգʵϣǴǬʵĶ֣Զ֣˷һȻĪϼ뿪Ǭǡ
ߵԼ˴óȴЩ鷳٣ҪõԴ͹û㷽㡣
Ǭ۶Ǹ־ۼ֮أҪһЩõĶ࣬Ͳ˵ģ˵ϵıƯ죬ȴҪʺܶˡ
סڰٻ԰Уÿ˷ʣ续ɽ亣ζÿȺȲ裬ӾǸүûʲô˼ȥĴ߶ˡ
Ҳûĵġ
ж֮Уۻʵ̺ͺԾʲô⣬ǲǿԼܲ˳ۣʱ֮ڣӦûпԸԼġ
̫ϵڻ׼ɱݣ컻ա
ԪɡԪҲƣǰ̫棬̶̣ڰпš
Ҫǣճ֪̺ͺ׼ʵʩһĴºҴڼ΢ĶŹؿڣʱھ֮д󶯸ɸꡣ
ǾҪ֣Ҳֻܰ¡
ճµľһˡ
ֻҪԼǿһЩ͵ΪͱκεԼ
ǻ֣ǵǻע⣬ѹƣԼЩţҴɱ䣬ֻ˵ĻɱҲɱˡ
ȻҪʵһЩ
ûĻҪô֣һ֣ٻܼǿһЩġ
תʶӴԪʵΪվôġ
鷿֮оХճһһʽϸĵĴţꡣ
ͷԸˣԼҪչѧ²ôš
ˣһЩźǣҲԶԶģҷ½˼徲
ĪϼճûⶣֻкϹƺͺ׵ˣۿ԰оɫ̸˵ء
ϾĪϼԼһÿһߵȽһۡ
ճԼأԽѾ˺öΣʱעĶȫһ
Ԫ̲֮żǿΰֻǸıʣҪͷĪϼȫͬûпɱԡ
ʱ˿̣׼߹һȾǴ¸Դ˷Ķطʽ
һţħȭͿʼ˱仯
ԭ絶һ壬һ㽥÷ӯ
Ƥһ㱻𣬼һһԳͬһɴĵţš
ٹһᣬ󣬾ˮϣԶԶŵŮо˴˵
վԲιǰҲܸܵ鷿һɹ紺һů⡣
ѪҺϴ̳ײţһǿᣬһ׳
Ժһһ߲ʹ뵽֮Уķһ죬ƤĤһԣƺż᲻ɴݵζ
ճһȭкһͬ졣
ƤĤͣţħ˵µƤȭɾţ֮û˸š
һٹţճֻоȫͷ뷢
ֻһȭʱǻħȭˡ
Ԫ˿˿ƵĽâ壬ȴǱõĲҩҪϰٱʲôа֮ѪԪ񵤶ԶԶȲϡ
ΪԴѪÿһ˿ԼʹӡʱֻһַʽͳϼᣬȻȷҩҪá
ԾתתɵĲӴ߻ȭĽ֪ٶжྪˡ
ֻǹ˲һ̣һȭ꣬ڶ鷿֮ӹ
ճѪָǽ˼֣Ѫһ䣬һ˸ɴŻֱȥڶһž޴
֣Ѫ죬Ѫ
ʿ㼶ֱʦʦͣЪ
ȭٱ䣬ճţ˫ۻԲأȭ
ڱ֮нţ˻˻ϸ΢죬ȭƹ򣬺ԽԽ󡭡
ͬվ˴ϣſŭš
Ϣ̽ɺอ
ǿ׳Ѫ
ճü֮ޱϲȭͣͻȻһ٣ȫϢмһա
Ժͽһž޴߲ʹڻ֮С
һ֣Ѫȫ츲صı仯
һ΢΢һ𣬾ڻҹڲë״ɢڿУΪ̣紵ɢ
һɰããľֱ嶥ţڱͬ¯һֽҳѸٱýơ
ͨ޹޳̣ͬѪա
Ѿʥˡ
Ӧһ£Ԫ֮Ӵֻȥʮ֮һ
ã⶯þתʮ֮һɵ棬Ҳ濪ɡ
һͻʥճΪ⡣
Լӹ𲽣һһʽٵƣ磬֪˶ټ尾ͻ˶żڴﵽס
ȴ߹ܸĺôˣ͸ˣڻͨˣܳƿأȥĸ磬ֻҪʱת
΢һͳһ콣
ⲻԪѪԷۣҲǴ˷׳Ƶȭ⡣
ΪճϰԵýԳʽΡ
޷ҲûжѰ
ճٲӦڳһȭƣһһʽԶԷĴȭһɺƴڣѪֹš
ǿѪѨϣֱʥ۷塣
Ѫǿ⣬˵ȫûаѶȣֻתѣҪﵽ׺ɽ׶Σȴϵķţת·ȫͬ嵱ɷԪ׵ȥ
컯ȭ֪ʲô˵ճˡ
ȳʥճûǰ㼱ˣ˿⶯õʵŵ
ǿֻһ棬Ҫ꣬걾Դӡ
뵽ճԪһͣȭԪһٵϸԾš
ӡ
ûԪļӳ֣һ鷿УͻΪһ磬ƮƮһӰ
˷ּ㣬ӡֻǳεľ磬ζǿ
ڱ˿Ѿǿ󣬵Ԫ񼯽ȴСǧ򱶡
ǲϰ߰ȥӾʼ


1646 ָϣ
šһʱʱ泤ʮڷԻ֣з𣬺Űӣ˵
֪Ƕд£ðᣬΪһ˵֮Ϊѡ
˵˾ѣһ˰޵ȣŷ˵ϲܣȥ
ԺӿֵľģճԽϤȥӾ棬鶯ͬһľģׯϻԲ˵⣬ǳĳλһʥ֣֮ȴһҲʡ
˵űճ鸴ӡԺľͼõĵطЩϵľģǱչ¶ϣӡģԻ⡣
ŵС֣мǾ߽ɵӷ⾳гͳһ
ճֻԼ룬;Ժ֮дŹһӴĴ𣬵öԴȱ仯
ֻãԼ㾭ǧ㯡
šд˾׹ǣճϲԾľ¶΢Цƺһеˣһе׷ʵҪ
֪ǰ򣬽ǣ֪ǣΪΩԸ֪㣬սڡղ׷δڣֻнգÿһҪġ
ճһԪתӴҲ˱仯ɾ޴ӷ꣬ɢһĴƽ͡
ԣ
ճһ𣬶ȻѹԪͼԼѾڳ˵̬ӡһϷʽӷࡣ
ˣȻϢ֮նģԼ䵽˵ľȥҵ־ʮּᶨ죬Ȼ֪ıԸδ֪
ңתƺҲ˱仯Űţԭٳɵ·ʮֲա
뵽ճ亹
ǱӾıʲôã⾭ĺͼڤڤһɺƴľԼƫֵĵ·
տǲԼЩ磬ȫҪ
δڴǲǾͲȥһ߻Եңͻ緪飿
ڱ˿һ·Ҳܹѡѭͷ߹ĵ·ܹõԵųɾ޺һ֮гɷ棬Ⲣҵĵ·籾Եģﻹң
һ˲䣬ԺͷԼµıѧס
Ӽе֪ĺƺЩϷž壬Ȼӿ񲩴ߵŵ·ԱüΪĮǮɫϲ׷
ִԸ֮󣬸һĳѱ˰ͬǳһ㣬۹仯ֱϺлҪĮȻ
ǰڵĸȫûУԻʥ̬
ʵѾˡ
Щˡ
ǧܴܶ
ճϸףһͰɵӷɢȥ»Ϊǵ㣬Ժ
߽ĥī
һʻ£ӷԾȻֽϣ˷͡
һΣӷѾĵıģ
Ҫȡȥ⣬նȥܹ࣬˷𡣡
ʱһȥѾճʷȻͣԱ߶һĻͼ
һԿţͻ֣ᷢӻͼһʼΩΩФٲƷģһ㿡üƽò
꾦ĮԶһǻ֮⡣
˻𣬻ԽԽȴԽԽ󣬵󻭵ʵԼƫƫ֮⣬Ȼʶˡ
Ȿһʮֲ˼飬ֻڰ֮оѾ
ȥ䣬㣬һ֣նƲ񷡣
ҵĹȥӾҵĹȥ֮
ճеϸѩǱʣҲīĽ˫ԻԽԽϲ
»ڴ棬͸ųʪճȴʮֻȡ
Ի£ʮ»ȫɷĩ
ϻڣճϯض롣
ǵԾ紵оͳһ¾ƮƮӰ»ˮһӿӰ֮У׹⣬ҫţض˷
ȥͷ̽壬ճԺһ߲ʹâҲС
ĸӦԼٵӡʲôҩһ㣬һȫʹըɵǻԣÿһԶһµӡ
鷿֮оʢ˻һ㣬ǵӰû֮УԽԽʵľͱʵڣƮİ£ÿһ˿磬ÿһ͡
䡭
ճԺͬըһס
Լ׹أһɳ
£塭
ʶȸԾķӿת۾ɢƬϡ
һ̣˺ڶԺŻħȭĪϼƹڳһŽƷͷ㣬Ҳ˰ٻ԰ҵƻ
ʹһصɻ̧ͷ˹һλ̬˽ˣȻͷϢ纣
񾩳ǶߣһʮĽڻ꣬ͷ϶žŵȦׯϣȴǴŹЦ
ʯһӹ񾩳ǣٳңԶѩ֮ϣ˶Ұ룻žƳ衣
ճϲޱ˳һ㵹һ죬ɵ»֮ɢɢǧķӡо
ˮϴһ㣬Ƭر
ǰЩָĤҲһһ齫СķӡڵϣһΣͱһִӰ
Ǳ¹һӡѾݻսҲԲô˵ǿԻǧʲôӣҵǰǿһĶˡ
ճ̲סЦһӿ֮⡣
ȻǷұ𴫴䣬һ֮ɾ͹ɣҵӡ׳ǧٱ
ǰӡֻ֥ͬСǹ㣬ҲֻٿŵģûԪıԴӡ
һ֮󣬲ǱǧţҿſŶ齫Ө͸Ͼ޹Ҳࡣ
Ҫǣ˷ر׺ͣһ֮䣬ͿǣԪֻ
ȻȲɽ֮ʱԼ۷Ԫ񼯺壬ҲһЩƣǾǲɽ֮ô
ǵģǴ
ʱճԪȻǿ󣬵ȴ̫ܵصƣҪָҲܼѣҲճսԭ
Ϊתתɣ֮£ǲɴݻٵģԪ
ȫͬˡ



1647 ָ£
ճջԪӡ˷类ΪͷĴڣֻʣһͷ档
䳤һնȥ
Ѫ𡭡
ʥ֮£εͷ㲻һն鿪ΪһƬķ۳ۿžҪɢԪȴһɹ
һתָֻķ塣
ɢ־ۣԭظճҲԼϲãЦãлҪսһЩⱣı£ȴһ㡣
ȥ䡣
ճУһݣǾǻص
򲻹˼ˣ˱˻꣬ת֮䣬ͻص浵һ̣һӡ
ĵˣ˭ͷ֡
ѹֺ׵˹ȥӾֱ֮ײǿĵҲӲη塣
Ϊѡ
ȻԭظĹܣҲȫ޿Ƶķ硢ɽʹ˷磬Ӧûеġ
ϧĪϼѧģⴿʶĽ
ôõĶȻøԼҲѧˣ룬ճʹ˼ԭҲܼ򵥣ɲĪϼȥѧϰԭĹȥӾҪǱĹŮǻʲôȤ
֮ҲͲˣͦõġ
Ҫͷȥȥ⣬Īϼ˵ȵ컹ѡ
Ҳֻϰ뷨ɹãɣҲԪӡ׳һˡ
ԭظı£õĵطʵǶ׽٣;ȡͻƣĳ⡣
ճȥӾôеĸսģȻսҲˡ
ôҲĹܣöֱ
ǵȴһ죬ȥ׽ˣ֪ʲôʱ꣬ѾȲ
׽ٹɺͨɵֶλԶģһ׽һ졣
ʽȻգɽȴҪࡣ
ɽ֮ʱ׳ڵ۷壬Ҫطʱһ׳Ԫ񡭡
ˣͲܽȴܹ׳ɳ
ȵŽ֮׳һزǴ˽ٽ㣬Ҳ۷
ͷԷѳʮǧٸޱģԴ˷Դ˴ʱгѱ˰ʸ
գȻһ籾Դܳѱ˰𣬲ϲ
ҲǱˣͨ׵㽲ڴ˷磬ͳ
ȻһҲֻ룬ܲܳѣ᲻⣿ճڻ֪
Ѿ⡭
ҪģֻǰͰһɼȶĿꡣ
ģҪ
ֻ;еһ羰

һʱ䣬ճڷŻ̬
˷һֱһֽȸУΪʱʱų⣬ҪǿΪС
һ͸ɢ¥ϣµ֮ߣģı侭
һеɱºѺ׹˹õȥӾԼµȭΪľǿһͷȡԱ
ı㣬ûгʲô⣬е࣬ҲЩ󣬵ǣһжֵõġ
һжٽʡԼʱ⡣
Ҳûź֮˹ȥӾĹȥ֮⣬ҲˣԼıʱյİأҪһؼĿ㡣
µ鲻νǿĹȥδĲص㣬ʵָһ˱磬ζϵһʵʴڵʱ䱾
ǲ֪̫ϵ᲻Ҳ
뵽̫ϵҲֻڱ֮дתȫķ羰ճЩ̾Ϣ
һٸҲȥ
ֻܾˣҪʱհرһһϦ飬ѾͻƵϣûջ񡣵ȵʵǿˣʱհأµķ֣ˮҲ˵

кŽն轣һŹȦˮò룬ಣŽХ졣
һ֮̾ɫѧúÿ찡ֻ߽飬ʹģˣңԲڷĵ
ĪϼһЦ֪żˡ
²ʶ»Ȼ
ױѧ࣬˴ˣֻ˵ѧԽŽʽʮʽɱеʽĵľ綼ûдﵽ˵Բ仯
Ҳ̫
ڰվѧ֮ʱĪϼѧ˺þãԽʮʽûѧᣬôһ룬ƵҲԡ
ֻΪ׵̫ãǱȥѡ
õС³ԽɣΪʦ硣Īϼһ͵Цճȥ̲ס˵
ԽŽעʵսһϰҲ⡣
Щȴ׵ȥ׽٣û뵽¹ȥˣˮûһΣǺӡ
ã׽ӽ
ĪϼӦ£Ȥһ齣ʼǰն
ճôʱְֵĽ̵ĪϼĽѾƵһˣȻõͬĽҲͬΪֻһܿϯ¡¡ͬɽһź׵ͷն䡣
ߵһٿ΢΢̤һ繭⻮Բбá
ǿǿ
乭仢
Īϼһ̩ɽѹͽƣûгֵԹԹռȻ֮䣬ǿ
⣡ĪϼǳصĽֻնһ룬ͱƮ
ں׽δĽ֮ӹ˳ͬһĨâնʺҲԹԹ
Ľ˷룬˺׵ĽУѹ˶֣ι֮󣬺ңʱԲ磬ʱϺ糤ǹ󴸡
ֻǴ˼У׾ʹͷ󺹣ǿҲߣǿ
ððС̽ټӰ׾ˡ
һŰƣС˵ʮּʱʱŽָȥǱȳжԽ˻Ҫ
ҪҲȻȻֻǿŶû˼ճЩЦòλϹû߽ͷҪԲһ¡
˰ɣôأȻҪȥҩƣʹġ

ģҴ㡣ճһҲɿڣʹһЩôܼǵȥ𲻵ʵսЧ

˵Ц䣬ճɫŹ֣ͻȻ̧ͷ԰࣬һΪǻѡϮȴϴɱ
Ϸҹû𡣡
֮ŴҫĴӰźڳƲѹ˹дʱҲþ
ٻ԰ƺѾ˴˷磬Ų㣬˼䳡мˣֻһ°׵ۣ߹Ŀĳ˳ǰ
Ƥ˫˵һһ٣Ż֮⣬ͬѧ֮ʫģǨԺΪѪȣձӦͷˡ



1648 һϣ
ǬʹУһ޵ģԺǽ䵽һ¥֮ϣ¥㣬һʮ˾Űƾ۾һƺ̬ɺ
һھˮ¶У㾧Ө̵ľҺ䣬Ⱦʪ½󣬰ȴһֻ续ɽΣ
ȥ߶һ䣬ҲȥˣԱߴһЦʲôʱѧһЩḯɣרĥʫˣ˵е󡣡
¥֮ϣӰһǰһǧĵŮӣͷϴŷڣüĿϼ
˹ȥƺԼǰĲ뿪ȻҪֻҪǱıǵı⣬ͬǰԶ󣬶ɵ׽١
Щ꣬Һܶ࣬СǸмģλĺܺãڴǬʹ֮УڱصáǱ伮Һϣ°빦ǵҪ
Ԫһ˿Σһ˿ѹüֻʣ¼Щʱ򣬵;֮ݲ̫Ů鳤˴תȻһǰǰ׻һ
Ҫ֪תҲƵģÿһͻһЩԣǲܳѣûлԵֻһһľͬࡣ
Ҫ뿪ˡ
Գһ˿ʹֹһھˮңȻӦʺϵİ֣ǰЩų˴ʣ˰׷ڶ֮ϣľŻ˴ʱѵʱתð׼ңҲԹۡ
İɣûʲôģʺ޷ǾѹһͷֻҪһ㣬Ǿʲô㣬ҲκβҡҪСһЩƸӣ׷ת뵱ŵӦò٣
ϧûкǵʫţ˰벻һӦʫ𣬿ͲǶĲϡԳתЦ̸ŵ飬ʵŵ£ҲûʲôգֻǲöԷġ
˵ºĺҲģĴʮּѣԪҹʱȥϸףһأû뵽ȴǳһһɸ־ȥˡ
ɸ֣̫ҿ˵ʥ˵Ҳ֣ôˣûܿ͸ĵϸȷͬ졣ðҲи
Ц
ҡҡͷ̾˿Ǹǻ£һΣǨºˣмʺҲǺǡ
˵˵ҲЦһС
ӰԶͿԼǷֵϣһ̺ľ޴ׯ԰ǰٻ԰
ףٻ԰ˡ
ͻȻǰһͷׯ԰ˡ
˵񾩳һ޴Ļͼٻ԰ǻϵһĻ֦գ֮䣬ǻ֦ͬĨȥһ㣬ȥʮֲг
ָ¾ȻĵĽ˾գжԸңɾ鷳ˡһۣϢӿҪ
ǰһѣǶԸ£ƻϵͼı£Ǩλǿѣֵó֡
Ҫͼ񾩳Ƭͬˮһ㣬ָֻԭģٻʢйʧľ󣬰ٻ԰ö˶˵İ֮¡
ȥ̵ġʢµδ뵽ʵһɱ䣬֪׹˼׽٣
Ŀţȫܷй֮ʱžĺ
ֻǬ̫ʦʵǿû뵽ĺ֣ȴǺųƲֻǬ̡
ѹ̫Ͻķ׷ɱĴӴܣҲǰ񾩳ǣȻ̵֪ĵϸģĶת˽ٹԪꡢ֮͵Ϯ֮ӶתҲֵģͲ֪Ŷֶٰδ¶
һݣҲɵԼڹежǷȷǰһԲ߳һ⣡
ǰһãпȥͼֵ絭һţٻ԰֮أͳһ͸Ĺֳܼһ衣
ռѣһӰԾǧƬ
Ѫ䣬֮䣬һģϵʿоһ͸⾵գƴĽոһа
ոȥǼʺߵʥ̫﹫
ͰԳһ𣺡¶ˣٶɹ˶׽٣϶ΪʵȻЩŰ壬ȴǰͷˡ
ֹԱǷɵϣʮӪʿ֣ŵר˵ǹˣҲѳһ֮
˲ɰǼʺֱʣ̣˵ֻԸһʥǹɣǰ˴֮λ֣Ҳˡ
ǣȻܹñ⿴ָõȴûбڶʱ֮ڴǵָߣȫ֣ǵҲܳŸһʱ̡
ôõĻʹˡ
ĹؼڴˣǴǬʵ̼ȻѾδ˴սҲڹţ⣬ҲڣȻ֪Ϊβһֻ֣ҪԼԳ֣϶档
ףֻϣӹ˽٣ϧˣһǿѣǾȲ

һ̳־ŵ⣬õãǾƥ񿥵Ļнֵ֮ϣȴֵû˵һˡ
һƬԾз˶ܼƥź£ͷñʿʿ죬ϣѪ֮⣬ȥԵġ
Ǵ󵨣У˭ҵ֣Ҳǻ
һģİɫͨ죬ȻȵЩˡ
С㣬µӪѪӪ֡
Աһģæֹɫѿ
ɲˣ˵£һǿıѾܿ䡣ңһţʱͼıУһ֣Ϳ´󹦣ʱҲǲٽһ
Խ˵ԽС±Ƶġ
ɫ԰ףڼѧգڵңÿһȻ󱧸ģɲΪһʱ˲õˡ



1649 һ£
СʧԣȾƺȾơĨһ亹ȴЩɻ
ôʿϵ˼У֪ʲô飿Щ鲢Щײʿʸ֪ġ
λʿͷһ絶꣬˼֣˰ٻ԰֮أһȣ˹ȫĿɿڴ
ôˣׯ԰ˣ
ǱˣζԸһһֻܵˡ
ѪӪϢǲͨǳ裬չü͸Ļ´˼ɱǻڹ
޵ȫΡ
Ȼµĵһ֣ѪһѪԲĴʦǣԿԷָĸΪ˵æԵУǿս
Ҳû취£һɵ϶֣үܹ̽ϢǰţѾܲˣЩ˵жĻ̽

ճһͰĪϼ󣬻齣ʣ΢⡣
Ǽ˻ԼҪ֡
߲ƣ߲һͻϮĪϼ׼˻ܰһ֣׽ٹɣֹж
ǣ߹һݰ׾̫࣬üĿܱ߷κ飬Ųʣõúܡ
ճȴ֪ԷһԼϣ罫Ҫʳʨϻ
û֮ǰֵɿһ־һʼʱĲ⣬ʵֻԻ֡
һʥأοƺأȴ˿˿飬ǿá
ȴһᣬԼĪʮ꣬ϴЦݣӥ׽Сһ㣬
ʤȯգȻǿţϢ฽ɣûͻƹɣȫȲϳ߹̫࣬ۼģȴǿʲôԭ򣿡
ճ۵ʿӹһЩɻ
ˣǽʮ˸Žֳۣɫĳĵʿ
пڵҩһıըĶԽսʮλʦʥֲ˺ôǹɣӸˣѿĻ⣬ԸȻƣմһǻɢ³
Сģһºķ﹫׽ٹɺʥǸǷɵģʼҲˣǷɵʮ˳ħʿó
ƱСæ˵
ΪԴǬһЩ͸˲˵ָƣһЩȴģʱֻһԺеѶæѡ
ôֱʣָֱܹӴԱ԰֮ʱֶκõúܣǴɱ֮ʱ
ճûеģзŹ̾
Լ˴ׯôҲڵ˵ǰŷ֣ʵĹ湦ֱ̫࣬Ƿʤ
ټһֱרԼ飬û̫һЩԹԹñ굽˿ӡ
˵ò⣬˵úո˵󣬲˵ֶΡ
ˣһҲֻܶ̾ʩչɱȴģҵЩˣ˴˵Ⱦ·˴ݣĪǻ˭㲻ɣ
۲΢ڣΪԷһԼôһЩɱᾪʧ룬û뵽ȫôһ¡
Էûа㾪壬۵ɵһЩ衣
ܶɹ׽ٵĹȻʲôӦٶ۵Ľɫһ̣΢΢һЩָоֵ֣ȴ֪Ӻζ
ҹζ࡭
ڼɵһ̣Ա߾ʹһ͵ɤһɫӰͬһ㵯У˻£תɵӡְգֱճȫڡ
һ컯ơҲǳЦ󷨡
ʮλʿ֮ţռλ
㳡֮Уһ׹˿֣ɫĽϵ׹⣬죬ƺһ̾Ҫ˳
ָһΣ΢΢ֿҡͷʧЦ
ôһֱ֣ɱţϧˣβһչ֣ҷɵ
֮УĪϼסƼȫϢһϣ屻ѹÿ죬첻ֱ
ʥȫǼΪƴһѵʸûУʱֻܳ壬촽¾ŵճԵС
컯ѧȻʢ飬̫úܺãƷӦþ컯ƣר꣬͹仯Ī⣬ֻӰӲˡ
ճʵ˶ߣ죬ȴǳһĽ⣬Ǻѭ޾
˺ѿǳһХžǺȻ˿һ㣬˷ӿȥ
Ƿ﹫ʮ˸ȳֵĽʿȫоһֱ̹޼᲻ݵɱֻǡ
йΪ֮һ١
Բط߲ƣΪأ߽ױѹôХһͻȻоһᣬϢ˳ǴĽˣ̲סȲʡ
߽˴˵Ⱦ磬۷Ӧ˿˰ɡ
ˣʵΪ˽ϸţǧΪһڿѿգն
һնֳ֣صĽ⣬һľ޴󽣷桭
ԪӿȻһƬռѿһƣָԾèһĿͻĻÿ¡¡ķ﹫
﹫һУһ㣬εɶ˫ƽһƬɡ
ң
ʱûǰݵģо˾޴Σֻë
󣬳֡վԶüͷһ壬Ȼȵ
ʮλĽʿӿԣ

Ϲҫһ׹ճܽϸ
Сģ㿪Ƹе׹ⳤ۾һֻɣճûйԱˡ
һڣס
ƺģɫնķλƬƿռͻȻǧƬǷŶ̫﹫һͣ¶˼ɫ
ţͬһͼһ㣬˺ѳǧǧݣȺ꽦䡣
һž
ֻ졣
׵ôĦܷͦһ¼ճЦ
ǵɫ׵âϣⲨͷഹ׷̵óֱ·ֻǳ졣
Щ죬ȴǴݵĮϲûܵһˡ
ճָֽ̧ͷЦ㲻𣿻ڵʲô
дŹʣĵ߽Խռ䣬ʥҲһն𣬹ȻǺý


1650 ۾ϣ
Ȼ´ˣȷʥȭǿʥ֡Ŀת⣬Ҳգ
׽ٹɺʥΧһˣų͵ϮأвȻ׽ٹɣֶ̫ܻ࣬Ų˼ķ
ǣʥȴǲκӣΪ۵Ϊڲ£ޱȵ޵ĹٶҪ죬ǿ
ǰĳ棬˫һ֣Ƿ﹫ĹһԾǰͷ
ֻǹɣ͹ľ컯ƵĹܿͷϣͻᱻѹȻǼµĵɱУôĶ֪
Է֣ȷзҴһȥһռӮ̫ˣԪ벻λʲô취Է̡
ʵȫ˵ϣһ¶û뵽ڣʹ֮ڹս̡ȫ벻ԷٶȻ֮죬֮ߡ
ֻһ棬Ͱѷ﹫Ѫĭ
ʥɲʲôײˣǴǬʵۺҲҲٸ⻹ǰ档
ϳʥ
ܹŹ֣һȭⶼҪܴռĤѪ̫֮ǿȴܷӳԽĹԳǾݡ
µĴǿжһԹˣҲˡ
Թ۵ĿУʵϣڷ﹫һնɱʱɫѿ䣬ûǰ̬֮
֣ԼԶԶ͹˶֣ʮ콣ʿɵľ󷨹ȥҲ϶ֵĳٶȡ
ңּ׹⣬ҲûӦеãڶԷϣֻǵⲨȫû˵ꡣ
ѵûһʥЩ鷳ˣһź֡
һ䣬־諡
νб޻ŲߣɵȻ֪ԷǼĸָ֣ڴкһ֣ôǰ
ģƾĵƣǶԷ⧲֮£ҲóԸܻܿᱻһ
ԭеȴǷɵżȻõű
ⶫɶ諣ϹʥߣϷһС
ͷųֻҪǶɹ׽ٵĹɣһ֮£
ȷɵϸģǼµĴ
ŵ⣬ͷԾתһ澵ӣӭһǾͱô衭
ׯ԰֮Ԫ纣űɽȥһɫ⣬ֱֱڱ֮ϣԽ˵˼άתӡɢ䡣
羵Լ
ۣӸոսճͱ汦ס
񡢶ơ
аգƾ˭һܹҪһСᣬʮλʿͻϹ֡
ƽ﹫һûй˼Աߵĺ׵ˣȫһзУֻҪһըԷҲǸˡ
ԭֻôһֶΣ̫ʧˡճԪӳķһ˿켣Ϊһͼ
ʮ˽ʿֶĽ⣬յеһ諣ǹЦ⡣
ǸӶĳĪ˵⴩ָۼڴ֮ϣ⡣
ҳϣǵĹȷǿԶӲסģǣҲҪŰճЦһƺվԭûжЦȴ԰޴ڡ
̹ǡ
ҫĿİٻ԰㳡֮УͻȻһ紵
ʯͷͶˮ֮Уһˮ飬ˮӭչһΣԭسʮӰΪʮ˸λȫִһ⡣
ܣڴ֮£ϣʲô
Ƥ鶯־һӾʧȥ˿ơ
ʮ˽ʿոճַɳԶ䣬ûͬǰֱӼмըѡ
ԭܼ򵥣ʮֻһ֣һӰһƽ̵ʺٶȿ쵽Ӧ
ǽȫ鵭̫ʵȴɱֻһ壬ꡣ
ʮ˿Զûһ㵹
ͷȷǹɣ֮ʱ磬ûжɹ׽٣ôܲ׹չ
ҲûӰ죬Щͷɵڻƺʱü͵ꡣ
⣡
һ𣬱ͻȻըһɫĹⲨ˷ɨ
࣡
ʮ˸Ӱݰ㱬ǹ⡣
³һ
ģֻҪǲĴھͺá
һ߽ħҲʮֳҪô̫֮²ýֶζͽ޹Ҫôˡ
ãıأ
˫ּ죬һ˲ͻУӰ䣬ʵֻǹһʱ䲻ʱ򼧳²ŷЩԡ
ɱɵʮʿļȻǶֵĹͷɵĻôںδ
һ񺮣ŵµ⣬һΣûжֹʱָˡ
ӲתͷͼԼʮԶٺأԾһɣľԭأȴѾô͡
ĲһϸϸߣѪˮ
硭
ͷ­һᣬ͹䵽ʯ֮ϣͬӰһ
ۣüĿһһѪˮ
ʵɱСճù춼諣΢΢һ̽͸оһɾ޴Ļ˹ȥӾĹȥ֮⣬ӦȻз顣
ףһҪ׽٣ûȴͱţȷ벻



1651 ۾£
¿ƤֱȻҲϳճᵽʲôϼǵֵסԼҲҪԲ˶ߡ
ɵȻʵձ鲻̫ߣǸֶȴúܡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮջôõһƣˣȻģ
УɲһͶ֣˷֣ȥ⻹ô򣿡
һӾͱﻢ£붯˼ɵʱǿѾȫʧ
ֱֱԼ춼諣ճЦģҲԸģôõıãôã˵㻹䡭
гбָ棬´ɿ壬ƺûаɱǣɨƬ㳡֮ϣеľͳһӰ
¹չҹɲŭ
ħȫ֣ϣ׶񣬳һ졣
һΣÿһȫٸͷɣշͬӰСľӨͷ£һ־ͻŹ⽣ɱ򼧳¡
ɻϧûɹ׽٣κβҡһͷֳһ滪
âճķ
򿴡ճֺǺǵԹۡ
ոʥɱԼľֱƵնɱңҪսˡ
ȥӾɵķ࣬ʵսģϹֲ㣬ҲҪʲôãճóֳ֣ƿÿһ־ǽݺᡣ
׵ǣ˾߷ó׽
ϤľǵͷǸŭѪɫӰһܣÿռ˿˿ƣ߽ɱ֮㡣
ңԼԼˣ߷ֳ̣ǹȥӾҳƬ֮ϵķŭ
ԱǺӰսֺɫ̵ÿͬһ㣬һִݸѵ׶ⲻҹ
ȫ̵ģǱ¹Щòȴоһʱ
ϴ˵䱾裬ȥ˷ܰѹȥӾѣԭ˼
Ȼһ֮ѰѾͼѧͨ͸һߵľޣԶңʵڿɾη
׵ƢһʱĿѣԣƺĪϼȴǻϲ֣ɫһ죬г
ǰ˴Ϯ˵ĵȻܣֻת˲֮䣬оͱɱ˸߰˰ˣʥǷɵĽȫһʣʮһҲѲΪ塣
ָоһ㡣
ĪϼΪ֪øһЩҲΪȡ
Ȼ֪ԼүԭͺҲµһ磬ҪһЩʱɳȴû뵽Էת֮ͱʮˡ
Լأշ˵龫ոջָʦսЩʱջϾûʲôȽֱͣǰ
˸Χżһĳֻüȫݶָٴóͱ̵÷顣
ǧžӨ͸˿˿âͷɢ
һůĴ紵ֱ죬Χסٻ԰ľ޴ָȦȻ
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Ĺɸ֣ʥʵǱǿܻܣǧͷֻҪӵһţѴʱ䣬ٴͶ̥п»ָ
ʥһȻָ죬ǿսЩռţֻҪ˾ˡ
±սȴԼĶɨܣǰ˾̬ķۿžѱٳɿſͷƣȴתָֻ֮ûܵ˿һ㣬ٴζݺݵ
˾ðﻹٴȥͷһ㣬˷ɢ䣬ҲҾ£Ρ
ԷıһԿţٳȥӲƴ
ճЦһҪӣҲһЩ
һһȣгһƬƣźâͷ䣬һ̣
ֻӵʮӡԶԶɢʧߣճҲȥ׷֪׷Ҳ׷ϡ
ɹһ׽٣ܰȫҵͷȻǿ׳ȴ˼²ֹһٶҲûô졣
׽٣âЩâӵĴǷڱ仯鶯ޱȣҲǿһЩ
ճǹȥ⣬ͷ಻ײ֮£ڴ֮£Ѿȫݻ٣ɵӡ
һ׽һ죬ܴӮ׽ٸ֣ǧöźâͷѾ֮ϲ
еǰ취ЩͷʶɢӶɴԼꡣ
ɰͷֳһЩ뵽Īϼ棬ɹɣҲ˶٣óεԵ֮ʱҲһЩֶΡ

Ȼ˽֣
ͰԳ˶һۣȫš
ǿ׽ٸһļֽɫµİ˴ɱҲΡ
ολ׽ٸ֣һ̫ʥзɵһʹ÷ķĸ֣ʹģ
ǺǣҪͷˣ񾩳ôһֲǣŸѹ
Цʮֳ죬ܿǸɫоԼŻҪġ
Ϊʵ֮𣬵ȻԶ񾩳дؼǣԿţҲȷǨǷóȫ£ܾʮأνɱ֣˵ֻֿƣȫϸЩֲˡ
ԣ̵Ƣ飬ͷǺֺ֣ŵһ£ӾҲȻ
˵ȫɫһݣֹɼ֣ɵʵǵ׽ٹɣһҪӵĻ취ġ
ʲôﻯΣʲôֻҪƲΪ߳ҲһסͷӶݡ
ǣʥ۷ɣǾͺ鷳ˣܹӦ̽Ϣ񣬰ѪߵԣҲѷ֡
ңֳͻϮ֮£ܳԽͷת
¯Ѫ֮£⧲䣬ܿȫͷݻ١
ǺԴֵ۷ʥƤǱɱǨд鷳ˡ
˵ˣ죬ʮ£ͻͻɾ磬һԿ϶ңʹڣ˵
һ𣺡ٴʼ֮дɱ֮£ܴӰ޼ǵǹԴݻ٣Ҫô죿
û취µһ͵Ϯ֮±οǵʵѳ١Ծɱģƾ˭ֻรΨһĺôǣߣز͵Ϯǵġ
Ԫݿɬ
ˣΪ°˴֮һΪһ֮͹ԹԵһӣ˵ԲԿ⣬ȥ
ǺǡЦһȻû̸ԡ


1652 ϣ
ģһū
Щ治ɫĶʰʬĶճ֪϶ǵڱ߾֮ʱ׾
Ǭʵ۲ԣֵģĶԸ¸ɣϸ˵ǧʥش£ıԶȦɵ㣬ңҲȽϰؼϲҵͷŪ
⻹飬ľϢڶ࣬ѾĶӾжʮ˵һЩ׵Ļӻϲȫ
ܹô֮䣬õţȻҲ򵥣ĥ¹͵ġ
һСˣûмʱõϢΣϿ˵
ͣ׽ٹɣʥзɵ׽ʵѹԵݣ˵ֻǶԸһɢ˸֣ǹҲ㹻ˡ
˵òΪһүôжһ֪ȷǱ̫
үˣǳҪģûϵճ벻⣬ﵹǱȽ̬ȡ
ĸоԷ˼ֱ׺˼֣лһŵĿϲìܡ
Ϊҳɱܴ˰˵ܣҲڸʺԡϧ¾Ȼˡ
һȴ¶һġ
ճ˵Ȼӵʧ˶ǧöͷ֮£Ҫ޻ָҪ䱦Ҫʱ⣬һ֮ǲ¶ͷ
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ﵹ޷˽֮񾩳УҲٻٻ԰£үʵͣڴʦ磬δԲȴҪСˡ
ĿճһۣɫͣȻû뵽ԷȻڹԼ̾һҲΣЦСʦѾʱ꣬һôҲȥѾҪʧȥˣܴﵽʥ磬ƾͻȻͬ
һճҲ˵̵ЩӣǿֻҪﵽʥ磬ܻõϵУ컯ѧлضһЩؼ
̫֮ѹ֮ƣһԭҪǵõ˾֧֣Ϊǻ֮ͻʥģͺѵˡ
ʥڣˣһͻʥĻӣǾ޴ġ
һΪĸ׳Һ壬ݲԴ֧ţɽͽȥύһĹ٣ҲǺܸߣܵ˵ȴɳǣû̫ǰȹ̡
ȻЩ˲֪ǣһ֣Ǿǹھ
˵УǼһǻʵ̵˽ӣʮ֮ʱͻʥھаսʤ±ཫ㣬Ѿﵽ۷ʥľ磬ڴǬ˵ֻѷɫ̫ʦء
ǵʵ̵С壬ȻᣬȴʵʵڵʹˣڸλҲûʲô
Ĵƣ̫ѷᣬЭ˻ʵ۵λӣŪƽ⣬ھǣƣǼӵĲ֮ġ
ϣĳӸǿһЩв̫ӵĵλ
ԣճһҲĻʵۻԶԸԼɳʼ
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ĳһ̫ǿѹλֵܿӱͲòʹɱˡ
˶ΪλʮѾˣǣԼȴ֪мΪܻ꣬ӶѾˣ
Ȼʵ飬֪˾֪֪Ҳûʸ֪̫ϵһɣһֱŻңĻʵۣҪɱԱ֤棬ֻء
ǰԼԴˣʵϣ̫ϵĵҲô˼Ǵз̫顣
ԣĵˣǱ׷ɱ̫ϵû˭˽λµһ֣ʲôز
ȻԷոսֻزãʵδȫָȴѾµİ
ڶֵΧ˵㲻ʲôΣ
ճȻ˺ͻʺ󣬻ƽʱ鷳ʱͬҪ̫ġ
˵ϵ˴£֮гɱܴǺ飬Ժȴһ棬ûʹɱ֡
Ҳһ˿棬һ̨¡
ΪճҲҪһʱָʵ
ƣճҲһʱ䣬ҲһЩ˽⣬ҲĽС
˶ڽ̤ǰǾʲôϣҲûˡ
ˮţŮǰݺĵȥճӿͣʵү˲ֻǰҰٻ԰İɣʲô˵ҲƴǣҲǰһˡ
⻰ʵûסٻ԰ͻճʵѾ̬ȣ߸
ǰճҪԼ¸һЩڣǷѾͻԽҪˡ
ƣҲֻаʱѡ
ȻҲһ㡣
ò˵̵ļӸкܣڴ˽棬һָȻˣʹڼӡ
ٻ԰·˵ʹԼŮǰ鷳̬ŵúܵ͡
ʵЩʧݣȴûоʲôãճҲǽµİá
ĳ⣬Ĵãٲ̫ܡճĿȥܿ˵ġ



1653 £
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˵˵ճЦ
лǰõľ̫鷳˾öˣʵѾǴӦо¶ϲɫ
ǵСͻ𣿴˴Ǳߵ̶ӵõһһЩ
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а֮ѪܹΣ뾫Ԫ׵˺ܴۡѹ˵ƽСԳһθҲóһ
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Ϊˣ¶ģѺȫҶһѡ
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ĺ֮ޱȣһЩֶմ⣬ΪᵽһЩа֮Ѫǰڶİܴ
־ľѱ̫ϵĵԪҲضá̫ϵƳԪ˼ͻɵıҩԭϾа֮Ѫ
һа֮Ѫ٣ʵѾһʦȫ޺󻼵ֱͻʥ硣
ʦ׶εУѪԲ
ĻУʵĽ۷塣
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־ⶫоеģεĥôܳһشﵽ磿
а֮Ѫôһ׵Ķ
ճ֣СֶΡ
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õа֮Ѫճ˵ǽ飬Ǳز٣һ仰ͳ״
ֻҪСܷҩͻʥԼӴһܵõҴ컯쾭ʱ˾

õճӦ֮ϲ̵ȥˡ
˵ѡ񾩳ǿƿ֮ʣ̶ӳ
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Ϊ񾩱뾭ݣʡֵ̫ܶĵ̡
̫ѾټһϷʮܶʡȨһ֣䶼ƺ̫ǡ
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ֵĲƻĵ̣иа֮Ѫߡ޶ߵıô޷ġ
ĵǣ뼧ҹϵܺãǻʺһҲ˵ֺ̫֧ġ
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ʥأֱܹɵطֱܹ񣬲ﵽ־磬ʵ顣
̫ϵƪܹۿһΣճĪôѵõ
ʥŮѧɹƭŪαҲõȻ̫ϵҲӵеġ
⼸˶ɫһöԸճͲôϴ⣬οҲû˭ɵѸ伮ЯţɱǣҲһҵõ
忴ճһ棬ȴûô򵥡
ܹڴǬ񾩳ֱ¶棬Ǭ̺ͺĬϴڣȥԸҲ˵ı졣
ð׷ĻȥԸҲץס
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ͷִһЩͬСķ壬Ҳӳ
ճһԼͷֻķ࣬ʱٽӼµĶ⣬ѾӲ
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ȻճûǴһЩ׽ͷĪϼ֮УΪҲߣﵽ˸ɲΡ
Ҫ޳ɹɣճͰﲻæˡ
һ磬ͻƳһأôɣǵԼ򲻡
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ȻֻҪͻ׹ɣͻһܽͶ̥תһַʽĳ֮
ȻɵҲ˥˵ʱڷ˵ȴѾһ

³壬Ƶ󼪡
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ţճȴûʲôϲ⡭ţŵĪϼĿſҰ羰
ѪӪ֣úۣĬĬ滤ţʹ֣Ĺ
һ£ճʼûȵ٣ǲòˣǱߵѾҲҪȥݣֱڡ


1654 ޳ƣϣ
պճһѵһˮܲҰĵ
ũæµһ紺ʱʱĿԼŴ
ڹٵϣ·ʱʱͿԼʿǲǰβ档
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˽гѪӪĴͳ֮һΪҲ۷壬λ죬Ǵʦϼ侫
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ǰһݵؽ磬һ㣬Ǹ·סޣȫ˿ţӬԱתתȥ
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ͳ죬жõ뺣ڣ
һֱŹٵߣ·Ȼ˵㣬ȴҲƵԶЩƻǧٰ·پɽܿƽˡ
ǾغĸۿڳУﳣפŶϾŵİ򺣾򺣾ԺܺӳǳغͰյģƽڴǬ߾֮㲻úȴҲǶ޽ûأʵǲ
ʱ˵λƽ뾸һڻʵ۵ʱûе̫һֻҪᣬزȡΪѼ
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˵ľǾƷ߶Ⱦ׳ͷƽ룬ѪɫһһɹɣƺҪը
ƥ㼲֮ʱӯͬ赸Ƴϸţ񱼣һܸǧȫ⡣
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ͨʿǵʿʦſԵһԱСͷ죬ʦΪСƫ
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ͬʱҲеġСУǾɶ諣˵Ϲʥʡļ뱦
һճһ·ϣϣ˸Īϼʱʱϼ䣬ʱǰͷռ֮С
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ҪñϵͻƣվҪȻϴһز٣ûнݾߵġ



1655 ޳ƣ£
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ԶԶȥܼ¹ٵһתɽ꣬Ҫǡ
Ļʹ峵ڵźˣǰҷž浶׳ɱڡ
úÿ죬ҲŸոյǾѵ
΢΢һЩ
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Ǹ̽Ѽ롭
ĿʵԼ·;еΪûа©Ĵ˹
ףú쵶ְɣʮһˣƾǨͷۣҲ޷ֵġ
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ֵ̫ĳǡ
Щһֱо׶Լܵ׸谮ֱƵϰ˳Լĵλ𣬳֮ǰĸҲڼϸҪú¹͡
ǻʼŶ֮ܶȻҲеġ
ѵܹź֡ͷӵ棬ǾԼԼҸ׸߿ۣø춼ΪԼΪɫǾ͸ˡ
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ⳤȻһЩֹۣƽҲ͵壬ΪɵΣûսëëꡣ
һ棬ʲôʱһŲ׷ͺڷˣǾ̫ˡ
ҿɲͬ˼ʮϰٸӣҲҲôúúС
Ǳõͷԣֳ̫һºһЩ͵ǶֻĴֻѾȴû뵽λһ˳Ӧеζʲô
ѪӪǾλǾгĸֱ֣̫ӺˣΪʥʦµߣƽ࿴һ۵ġ
οǾʦǣԼаˣԵ˶İЩɱ⡣
ΨһǵľǨһ˶ѡ
ɣռ¼Ĳȫ¡
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һδ֪ĵˣô߹Ϊԣ͵ðѶԷȫųüռƣſԳս
˵ΣȻռţԱʵɣ֪ǰȴǿֶͨΣѵзԼƷŴ󡣳Ƕ˵ʲô˼𣿡
ȻûӣҲûӱûʱ˺͵Ĺ۵㣬һЩϽ飬ֻƾҲܽ˲Ķ
ͷˮ˫ãȻȫ֪ԼҸʵʲô
ԱλҲǻţĬĬͷ˻ȻԻ󲻽⡣
Ǵš̫̲סһ䣬ελ˹ȥӾսǿѱɱΪҪӲȥɱ֮ǰϷʹˣվˮꡭ
ܳϣ
һ죬ǱΣߣʵǸߣܶδսʤǧ֮⣬
ߴߴ磬ֻҪϣľ䣬չ鲻׽ٹɣǿΪ֮һ֮£ܾܿͻɢܰԭҲƽȥѴɡ
̫״Ц״⣬ԼҲô˼ƴ
ھдϢ˵ʥ飬ȴȫûб
ͬʱȫȫһ
ձΪ֮ʱͷʱϣֻһ·ѪüΪǿᣬҲһ
̫УѴɣ·ȷٲȥһ
һָѪ֮УÿһѪⶼӡ
һߣͬĹǿӦ죬ܴԵ־
һһʥԸûһʥͬʱԸ
в˾޴
ɲɵǣ̫һȭʥʥ۷弶֣Ҳƴһƴ

ƽǣĽֵ棬һЩζɼŶҡľͰİգؽָ߽š
ġ
һЩʽȦһ˳ʽţþʣܴһȲ
յġ
һЩŮվھµ¥ԣ־ˡ
ţҲǡաġ
ճУַ棬һζת׾¥ȥ
ʱ䣬ǽϣڵƽ
ʮǸۿڣʱҲûǰͷͻȻûиϵϴ糾
ճѾŵ˿еɱ
Ͳ֪Ǻʱ֣ﶯ֣



1656 пͽҹĥϣ
һ죬
ƽҰһ󻶺µ죬ַ괺ůѧʿԼٹ˵ȻǼá
ǣڿʳũ˵ͺܲѺˡ
ỳɳ͢Ƿʧ£˷ᵣŻ˽괺Ժ᲻
죬ݺ᳤գƽĸˣȫŴذͷĲ
Щˮ½֣ҲŪ˿£ȫǱӰȴԵļ尾ʱ̹ȥ
ڳϷɽ괦һ֧ѹѹľȴͻȻɧ
ھٵĺУʮһ쵶ǧӪжǰУٶȿݡ
¡¡𣬱ܳһɿ磬ǨͽȺԽããҰֱۿڡ
Ϊһƥ֮ϣĿ̫࣬Ŀӥž޴Űĺѩϲ˿˿ƣ˿һܣͷâ

꣬µĵʥ޹֮ǰɱ̫أڸǱ磬Ӷټõ˵ݺǧܵС
Ѿ֪ȥ˴˵ȥд˵ͻɣĳΪ֪ĵطߵ
̫ȴ֪ȫ´ˣʵҲûȥһֱ񾩳ǣڻʵߡ
ҲӦýңֺֻ֧ʺʵϻǻʵ̵İ֡
Ӷգ˭ʤ˭̫˵ʵû
ֻΪһܶܵи㣬ô࣬ܶΪʱΪҲδɡ
ϣǱֱˮ뵽״׵Ǳ𵶣Щʹ֮Ĳ㵹ۣҲʮֲĥʹгɣƥֱ
Ҳ֪ΪôƳƥЩӻ˵ʲôʹ֮иǿԼʵԽʹɱԽǿⲻֿ𣿡
һõϵʥݺµݺ޵У̫֣ţԼֻҪһ֣۷ʥҲ֡
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Ϊʥֵ̫ãȻƮϸ꣬ȴҲܿ޴ĸۿڴʱһȺˣװжŻ
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һŮ˰ܡ
ڸԶžƥָʻϵ·˽ǰ֮С
ϵĻʿ˴ʱո´ãȺɢһѶѣû˿æµͣ
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ھȡΪӦĸҪƽƽ󣬳ְݷˣҪһЩеûģȻǸŮӵ뷨ûʵ֡
㣬˫䣬ƿһеϣһĪǿţӿȣһۡ
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ѹѲ鰵ľֻ˴˵λھ˵ãξˣû֮ʱЩɻ
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ָо֣統ԼǬ֮ʱ
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Һûкƣ鷳ˣھȴ˵лҪɫռǿ
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ڹھԣһŴѵĸŮӿЦһ̧ͷ˿ɫͻȻ˵
ճϳŮǵŮ¶أʱȻûеյǱ״Цýˡ
ھʮֳ磺Ǳѩֵ̫ҲһۿȻûһʧ
¶ޣǻϲֻһСıȵϺүŲߣ֪˴ǷҪȥ̣
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ͷ
ոյõϢ̶Ҫƽла֮Ѫѵõı
̫֪ҲˣϾһһֱòɿռϷ磬ֵ֪ϢֱȻ
ǹھһֱڱսȻҲԳþƣķָƣͻﷵСҲһͺֲܿˡ
ӬͷСѣֵˣֻŴЯǬϣȥ˳·նɱʪֺ̫Ǩֱֵһᡣ
ĻʮֿȴȫͷǣΪȷˣ¶ؿ۾Ź⣬Ρ
֪ү֮δؽͳĺ˻ġ
¶Ц˵
Ļһ䣬һѺ۴ӿг֣һķŵı˳ھС
ڱȻķΣֱֱȳӻҪֱö࣬ƺ֮䣬һΪֱı
һɽľһǳһ˵̻һũ
̻齣龪ٿǰĹھˣ֮£㵹ͷͰݡ
ˣھתƽΪ£˳ֶа֮ѪСĿģʵշԼ
˵ţ̻齣ֻ᳼Ӣۻʣھִ˽̻õŲ
ԷһĻû˵ȴʤǧ
һˣЦϴﶦʢ̫ʵǿ¹ңź̫ʦһԿţĩֻԸضغ
ڴ׺֮У鲻ȦӣҲûаڳһ󽫵ļӣֱԼ⡣
ԱĻЩ㰡Ҳգ㿴ҵֶΡ
ھҲ⣬Цһ
Ҫһ󽫳ɲǼ򵥵飬ֻһӣҪ£¶ԼѹԵơ
ȣԶΪ̨ȳһ̨Ϸ



1657 пͽҹĥ£
ܻ绢ǣӥյ۹ȫƽۿڴճȴû⣬һֱûѴ̫һ£ֻһɽˮ˳ɶ׽ٵĹ͡
û̫ӡеԴҲûйھΪǰֻʮֻϲŴһ죬ϡ
Ų˷ܡ
־ʮ棬֮ʱûӡɳ
һΪ֮ûʲôףһʽҲͬɽһͬ꼯壬ͷ
ϸϸ˿֮дɡ֮ϣϸ΢ˮճĿһŹӰԳ˲ɼٶֱ졣
ƿƲ㣬һɼǿѹѹͷһ޳ĸо
¡¡ͷһ־¿־壬ɶƵ𣬺޲ܵ£ʶķ֮ڣҲ¶ͷ
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˷ףֳһ㣬׵ѣټҲû¶˾Ĳûŭ
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ͬ뵽һĥ֮Уͣѹĥţ֮ϸ΢
ͨĹɣֻһƬ׹֮ͻᱻϸܹ˺ɷ飬ÿһӶɷۡ
ڵճȴ̲ͬ˼µĶ׽ͷͷ֮һЩԣپ춼諵ϴҲһЩա
֮䣬ȫ޾ľ⣬µض⾫ǰֵһᡣ
⾫⣬ÿһ磬ÿһ˿ɱ꣬ԼͷС
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ڶ㣬Ƹǿ࣬絶Ƹճ㣬̻Ρ
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ðɣˣ
ճһݣȴǲη壬ԼĲ󣬻ϳ㡣

Զ˿ϸȵôغһƬϵҲڸסˣ˷ֲ嵽ǵ졣
Ϯ
ѪӪͳһԾڸߴĻϣִУԲܣˮ󡣡
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һ£̴ܽںڳĶһԶľ
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Ȼϸ࣬˵û𹥣Щϰ˸߲㽫ָӣʵϣǵľٶû
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һƬը֮Уӿ죬ĪϼճԣС΢΢ſ
̫˰ɣǾִսеڵϴأ⻹ս𣿡
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ֻ֣ƬѹѹľֶǰһڿԾУһͲ񱼹
һֱգˮȫɢ
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һ󼱣Щ˳Լ˵ֵˣܳסһ㲻ˡ
֮£˼һʥֺ͵ɡ
ҲǱʶ֮УͲţ̫Ե£λֵܵסӴĵˡ
찡òֻ似ƴôܶԸ˶Էһʥеܶ
֦裬ƺҲӦϢĴɡžž죬һϥİȻ۾ԡ



1658 һ磨ϣ
¸ѧʲ߲࣬ᣬ߲ѡ
ճֱ׺Լʵڴ֮ͥ½ȻֻĪϼĻ
ͷ߿յʱܻһ翵ĹܣʱӦ䡣
ֵ̫ͻϮΪΣҲͻȻճȴͬƹơ
ǹӴľɱʮԶѾӦ
֮У¿͸ÿһʿÿһʵ
ӦҪҪճûͣ¶ɽΪֻҪŴײʱ˷·
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ҲΪһԽߵĻ̬ˣͬƣΨе㡣
һ׽٣ת껯Ѫ;ɷ仯ӡԡ
ڶ׽٣־ĹԵù
Ѿ
˵һ׽٣ԳΪ֣ǰ˴ɵȽ׵мˮƽܹ£ߵﶼΪϱôڶ׽پǿɣѵһгΪ˵Ĵڡ
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˴ʱÿһͷϸСâٶ٣ܶԡ
һؼĶᣬͿһֱţ׹أͿԿ½⣬Ϊʥ˵Ĵڡ
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ŭԼıԣȫͻأֱӲٿͷƴɱ
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ÿһ˿磬ÿһߣÿһѪкಫƵʣȫճֳͼ硣
׽ٵһ磬Ӧ磬΢磬΢۵·ϣֿԽ˴һ
ճվӭŷְסʡ
˿Ʈ裬ƹܣķѱ䡣
ϼҼǵԴӽ֮󣬾ͺɱɣҪٽĪս棬ǰʮλ쵶֪ܶԸ
ȥӭսĪϼ΢ĿĿһ˫Ŀʡ
ճбȥͷ˫ȶϸ΢
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ճһɨԵĪϼһ㣬ݵһʮһ쵶֮С
Щȫ֣ΪĪϼĥʯ
ûע⵽ͬʱмҫǹ⸽Īϼȹ֮ϡ
ճͷ



1659 һ磨£
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ʱѳɣܻͷ˵ҲԼʵʥԶ֣ս֮Уֻбҵˡ
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ǿɱһٶȿסѹ׵£ųɱУ֮ɱУƽδһܡ
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ֵ̫׹ǿճóǲƣǣԼ
ԭܼ򵥣Уһһƫֻۣƶǰˣѵƶ壬Ϊ¯
Ѿ·ӣߵƵ·ߡ
һֲ̫ĵȻᴦ⣬һĪչЩ֮оԼ
мȥ϶ԷĻΪֻǵ˵ϻ˵аɣ㹥УĿҾͳ⡣
̫ݱѪ죬öԷӵһʱŭ糱ȴʮ
гֻ΢΢һ𣬾ͻΪһ׵һ˲䣬ٵǧն
Բʮɣ纣
ͬĴˣвյ
ȡʤУҲֻʶˡ
֮УճЦʮд⡣
нͬˮ಻̹ǣûһ˿쳾ϢнµΣ峿¶顣
һܵԲνĻܡ
һȥͬ⻬˿Ĺ룬һϸܷ֣ǹĻ֮ϣһϸ緢˿Ľâ㻮ռ䣬гϸϸƣɨ
ըѳϸС˻ΪǵĹ̫꣬֫ظ֮ȫϸСƣѪķ䡣
һƬƬɫ˿ʳɷĩҲʺѪҺ
жͣ˵жء
һ˲䣬޷˶ٽ
һΣ±ȫĽҲϸʥ֮Ӵʢָǿ˵ӵ
ǲߣĽƽһ㣬ǰڿҲأɱ
ĪϼгֻֽѧҲֻܿö˴˵Ⱦ磬ν߹Ѿ뵽ÿһ磬ÿһ˿ˮ֮Уǽָ
ֻ̫ͣѪ֮УǱʵĲ
ϧǼ£ն֧飬֪ò
ͷϲǰͬƸǶѹȫһɨգʲôѶԷĵȫأֳϸСâնɱ֡ϧϼһǿᣬһʱɱȼƷ£ûеġ
תͻȻһ˺ѷεı׵絶ͻȻͱɢΪշǣԼԼ˽ս֮һ޴ĺ¯졣
ŵƣȺɫ֮͸
â𣬻𻯺¯֮ɱǿС
ãѪ֮Ųסǵôõлɫ䡣
һȲʣüĳҡ
׵쵶ĺԶǧҲߺ
ÿμֻ֣ܶ˴չɱǿеʱ
ո𣬾Ȼֹ
˶㶵Ŀԭء
Ƭ¯𺣣ͻȻһ٣г˳ˮǳپɽӴأǳ
ԽԽƬ˼羰ȴԽԽʵһ΢磬ǰ
Юų׻â̫Ӱ˻ķɶһ㣬ͶƬ֮УɢѪ̡
ӰһʧӰ
ҲҲƮƮֻһƬϲƬƮԶŢ
һ硣
ããͨһͨҵӡһĵڽ棬ǰ߲һΣԽݻ΢ʤκһУ仯
˴ʱ䣬ǵ޸ء
öлغ¯̫һ辶Ҳһ˿Ӱӡ


1660 ˭ǻȸϣ
õϧȴǽ
ֻ̫ΪҽĵطճһУǾ޴Ű壬صһ֮һ˦ӵ֮ϡ
ܷõţ˵ܻöϾǵʥ޵Ŀұ
Ա˵ĵǼõĶճ˵Ľѵ֮ĵزⱦ͵ͱɼˡ
̾Ϣһճ̧һɨȵЩ˵Ϯ͢ӣɷŹȫ
һ䣬ξͻΪ磬Ű׵ȥ
Щڼսǰֳ̫󣬱Ͱü̫ʽ֮䱻ɻҽһ¾;ôˣûǽˣͼһⳤֱֱն˹
һ档
λڼٹ˲ö룬תͷתӡ
Զʮһ쵶ľҲ˲Īϼһͷܡ
Ǳ֮
ͣ¾սʮ㣬ɵһµľͣ϶ͻɢ
ս֮ʱǺһ顣
ֵ̫ݱһЩͬӪʮ꣬ѾΪҵ˽ʱɱһʱãȻսġ
ݡ
纣һţ˸ڼ׽ǰһ͵ɶڵؿѪ
ճĽһ㣬Ͷ֮䣬˿ɹӰ׷׵ضá
ûɱ֣ЩмֵһЩ
ϲкŰѪӪ̶ֺӻںʰо֡
ԶͻҾӾ̫һ֮ʱѱɢһţӵɽҰǣԭľ֮һ˲ͱں֮ڡ
ֻڣʵǴںðӣһЩ֮Եʮۡ
ĪϼĹȥûԼֵĵطЩʿҲ׷һߣؼԾ䣬նͰǻ¡
ꡭ
ɢ䣬סѪҲ׽ֿסԱлϲ
ʱջʱˡ

ǷôȻɾʧˣסֵ̫ʮʵۣɵ˰ɡ
ȷǸ֮
ھ˴̧ԶʱˮԽԽϸܣҲͣЪһ紵Ʊɢ¶ɫ
ⳡ꣬ϻʱͣʱֱƬؽñճŻֹ᳹ͣھ˼Ȼûзڴ棬Ũĺɸֵ̡
ǰ¶Լ𣿷ǰ棬Ҳû˭ˡ͵͵һ۹ھһЩǡ
һʵǿλߵޱ޼ʣбҲæעȵȵȿ
¶ǼԶİǾƺֻ˵пľһ
һοĽ⣬嶼һЩ⣬żԼԣָΣ
˵Եˣҿһ綼ܲЩڼｫҲò˶١
˫ֻ磬ƺʹʵү𣿡
ʱΨиǿߴеӰ񣬲İ֤Լûվ顣
ԭϵĹûôิ뷨Ľǿߣǿߡ
ھһľıΪƿУºƸɲΪԷÿ㣬ǿˣھѾﵽʥ۷壬Ժǰ;һõĴִȡ
ǿ󣬶ĳЩŮ˵ֱĶҩ
ǣ¶ط֣Ӣź֮࣬ⶫçıּ߽һǳȽȽ֮ƣԵ֮ѷɫھֺ
ôֶΣֵñԳշ˵˵ھŭоԼЩˡ
۾Ѿһ˿⣬ɭɭɱ
۷ʥ׶ΣŮ˼룬ȫĸ֪ολȻһóԼˡ
ǿѹͷ⣬ھһЦֵ¶㲻ʥӦȴ֪֮ϣһ֡Ҫȡа֮ѪȻѾ֣̫ҰĸǿôӲ
˵̫֮ʱھ͸żڽȫһЩı֮ͽɴֻδЩܽҲҾΪΪ£ΪҴҵ
¶һ㶣Цԭһоںү֮УӴ˽ˡ
һɨͼھϢֶ˼ˣһź繴Ŀ仹С«һ˳ɽֳֳꪣĿ˸
ӥҲˣ׼Թ֮ݶ컯«աͨԣӦòǴ˷֮ˣʵȴǸúܣɽѵõĴ󽫣Ϊʲôⲻ
ˣȻգʲôӾʲô£̫ˣյҲˣȻŮˣҲ̫޳˰ɡ¶תͷµµתţͻȻоʹ⣬תͷȥ߳
ԭǿ˲˱£ǻݻٶ֣˾η

ճսʣĪϼѪӪ׷𱱣Ĵ׽֣ܶѶȴûٶ֡
ʵϣЩ˲˿ֵ
ʵ̫Զˡ
гһ˿޲ʹ֣һ޴н˿ƣ״ͻȻͱһֻ߲ʴָ֣繴¡¡ѹץá
Сġ
ˣ͵Ϯ
մӡ
ճ߲ʵһ˲䣬ʮɷԲľ޴ѾΡ
˸ո̧ͷͷץĪϼͷ
һʱ



1661 ˭ǻȸ£
ǿ֪λһ·һֱϵŮӵǺεݣҲ˵ΪԷɱɢ¥ʬأϣŭ˻ʺһ
˲ţŮ˿еһȻûݣʵȴǰٻ԰Ůˡ
Ȼգ˭ӣ˭Ŀţ
δմӡδʶҶġ
˵ŹʥعһķţǹԣãԵֵ
ɾŵȦоŴֵ׺ᣬܽȾꡣ
Ź޴ҲˣѲĻܹԹ֮ߡ
Ҫ֪Ϊˣ׽٣ҪԼٷУȻʮֳ
һԼͷԼһǺεȴʿһ⡣
Ƕɹ׽٣ﵽһգ˺ѿռУδչȦƴУʤһ
󣬹ǿȾշɶݣŹȫΪ֮ۼɣ湦
ңˣֻҪһ£ֿȫָ
ִ˵ӹѪӪոȴѾڽ֮䣬ǰһ
һӰͻأŮߣָڽ֮ϣ̧ͷź¡¡µľ޴ƣʵյˣĸӲ͵Ϯ㣬¶̫ӵµ𣿡
ھܸӦոߴŵĵɱճʤ౶ôֲܷˣ
ֻΪԪأֻܶô˷ͷ޷ϸ߿գǷ˼ˣҲ׷߿֮ȥ׽ö֣ơ
ҵרû취顣
˼ҹȦһͷɳʮϰͷҲ׷ϡ
óԪһ׷㻳
ֶٶǿ浽ҪʱԵȱ
ȻǾֻ߳ˣճɴսʣɵı󣬿Էô
ֻҪ̲סͻ¶
ȻճոջʣһֻȻ־ץ˾ȻֱӹĪϼֺòȡ
ΪҲճŭˡ
һȣһƿգⶸȻʣΪһ磬Űվ޴߲նȥ
ơ
ըУƾƿһͳ϶ۿҪогţգ֡
£͸ׯϰ֮⡣
Կ࣡
Уű˵ϢķлűĴܵĻҾ쵶ȫԭأ˫Ŀ
ѪӪҲͣԭأ´ް㶷־
Īϼ̧ͷŰսδƵĲʹ⣬Ŷд󳪣˵ֿȻҲȾˣսȫΣ֮Уֱ־͵ִ¾
һ¸Ц߲ɢɹͣһ۵ˣ񣺡ȻµûŮޣһͶķԪ֮ţ󡭡
ǣ־ŵǹ⣬һͻΪִȱĸԪࡣ
ǳ֣м䶸ȻſһŻ컨ƣ׻
Ԫһʱɻң߲ˡյЦò
̫֮а֮ѪʹƻԴѹն֣Դǿʵ
ֺ£˭Թۣ̫ǾܷŹġ
յԽðգ̫û磬ȴΪֵ֪ϸһֱԶԶģֻǹš
ִ̫ӳһնɻҽ𾪵ͬʱҲڷ
۷ʥޱȸȴվֻǹɶѣ׽ٶûɹմӡ֮šԪǲʥѪǿնҵߵȦϵλ֮һʱôҲܵġ
ΪȲʤȯյ˻Ĳ̫գѹĿĪϼϣвƣմӡ·
ȻϣԷԮһ֣ûնԼӡѾС
ǰ֮ţĥɷۣʴ꣬ǹ֮Ҳɢʧȥ
תյЦδͣͷ·ǰɫԣûо壬Į
ǽεСҲһֵԼ
ܿܿžô˼ˡ
յһ;òû⣬ǰʹŹâ
һſĿķ֣⻪תУһӴ
⣬һƣɽȻѹ¡
ࡣ
ȻĿͬòǰΪƣǹŹ֡
յȴԲϴ
ǰպգҫķڻһУѹһУһ޿ɵӴ־Ǵ˵д±ȥӾĴշࡣ
ռ֨֨¸·ɵըԼߵȦĶķԪ֮ţֵһ˲䣬ͱ֧顣
תĹȦŵñɢһɻΣĵס
յ󾪣ŭһ̻壬֮顭ڤڵ֮񡭡
һ鷨ԭأŭųš
ȫû𵽰ã˷ľ޴ɫ֮£ֽͬһɷۡ
ɶȥɹȦյԺࡣ
ǿǿӲӲͷͨͷൽжյס
Ǽʯͷķֱ
ͷ­类󴸺ݺݵĺһǣðСǣҡţǶϳСһ㣬Ӱһͷ£ٱǽָһС
еһֻСϡ
оԼһŽ˵ת˼
ֻĿ־ͺڡ
ûжȹ׽٣⣬пĽѪӦκ͵ⶼ޷ƭп磬ؾƿ֮С
ϵƭˣ̫ҡ
ĺڿ࣬յ̧ȥͼһ˫Į˹һЩЦ⣬ЦȦĲܵõ鷨裬δ޳⣬Ҳá
ճһãߵȦץУȫʴĹȥͷԺһģһ
ֻ߹ɾ޴עϣУʴֹ꣬һ
˵ʲôй˵ǻܺãʹáճЦоԼǳɱ

ھһĻɫһ䣬̫Ѩ΢΢һģͷŨŨ⣬̫ͬѪֱ峤죬һãٶɹĴ׽ٵĸ֣ʸ´󽫣ӥ컯«ҪԳ֣ѹշ
ʥû޹ȴǲԦʹֻӥ֡
ӥǰ˴֮һΪɣǿᣬݶ׾١
ǣү
Ө͸űĺ«ȻһԾڷɰգ«ѿŻӥͨ¶صһԾڡ
ھִ̽ڱ«棬ռ䷺ƣǴȥ


1662 ⣨ϣ
ճյյδߵȦĪΰ
δ޳µʮǿΪʵδǸ
ֻǿſɳຣﵽ˰
ճõ߸Ȧ֮Ҳ֮

δжɱ֪
ʵϣڴʷҲϰⱾ䣬Ȼ乥ʮǿҲŸãǣֶδĵǺ;˾֮ˣʱ֮С
δֻǺϣľôʲô壿
ճĿϸ˼֮£ϴԽľ⡣
ʹһδĩʱнʾϣҲڳѵĿܡ
־޴֮£ӦԹȥΪڣӶɼתΪɻˣǿǿ󣬲ܼű˰Ĺԡ
޳塣
һж޶ȫŬ
߸Ȧӵ֮ʵʹ˶ԷһνΪ𣬷Ϊˡ
յˣֻ֮Լ̣δرˣȻߴ˵·
˵üһ㣬δõ裬ˡ
һδȦ⣬ճиĹȥ֮Ҳ׳ࡣ
ãȹ̣Ͷ֮䣬Ԫ֮һָ컻յ֮
һεĿ϶֮УĳЩפȼ̫ߣȴ㲻͡
µļȴǻۣ
˵ĵ·ӡ֤ñĵ·Ӽᶨ
ճϸ˼Լʵ֪ľƵ·ϣ磬׷ңڣԼ޳
Ķ񶯣һ̣ͷ΢΢ں֮״һӴõķֲϢϻڡ
һ񺮣ȻĻţתȴûзκβ֮ת۾˴£ٴλϲʰսȡսƷ
ݸ̫ܶ־Ӫʮ꣬µĲνۺ񣬲˵ɵҩиսҩ͵˵ǾʮƥһʼĲƸ
ҾѾɢӿСճȻᡣ
ץһȺ²ȥԶɢݣõİ취۳͢˭ӪݣԾĲ࣬ʮͷۡ
Σʵġ
ϾСҺʹ޽̾ĵ̣Ͳֲ
ôöҲ޷աͷԷ飬һɣǺܺõĽˡ

һת֮УվͳһӰһֱӳ£һۻİԵϢѹķ
һɫ𾧵ˣ˫ü罣繤ʵ̣պ֮ת
ϽмĻͷϽڣΧһɫǻʼ֮Ȼǹͣ͢ǹҲΥơ
ճһ۾ͼİ«Ӧ浭ĿռϢһۣ֮лûгױպ˺ѺۼϵŵõϢһЩ²⡣
컯«ܴյ컯䱦
Է̫Ѩ淺Ѫ⣬һӴ̫ͬǰ
׵ǣֲ屾ǿϢֻ̫ѨϲУǳȫʮ岼ɢȫ¡
ʮ飬ʱ޿̲ɢΰѹǰһС
һоеİԵϢ˶һ֡ӲպسɴĹ۸С
Ǭھճһһٵ˵
΢΢Щϲ
ĸ磬ճӶ̸ƽͣʵϣϲǱԼǰװơ
ƫƫɵǣˣòȶǾѣϢ纣Ҫǣһֱ̫װˡ
ֶͷ­΢΢ϸ˫Ŀ鸩
ճڳ˾֮һ
Ǩ޵ʥѾǲܶɹ׽٣Ƶһ˲ţλ֮£־
ھһ˵Żŷʮ͵Ŀ⿴ճԺ«й⻪һת³˳
һ˼ݸߣź¡
һְֳͣ˻ꪡ
һˣճˣȻ¶ء
ھԣɫ졣
ݸߺºӣֻ˻Ȼһ˿
ֳ־ꪵȴĿⲻճԼž壬ʹޣһ־ʹԶĳ嶯⸴Եúܡ
¶أȴʮֺĿճƺںԵǵͷͰݣԣ˻᲻֣
ԹھһֱĽݵλȻײɵӡ
ھܹóԷ֮ԼȻҲܿ
ӡУһ㶼ĸ֮ٳˣУۼλǰ˼ӣ룬ûڰ󣬲ŴӦΪ
ھѵûԷӵĿܣôģʣ¶غ뿪ʡ
һֱ¶Ҳûʳ



1663 ⣨£
ȸ֪֮־ӷ㣬֪֣֮Щ飬ھǲ׵ġҿԳϴˣĿɼΡһѣҲûʲôΥ־˵ֻദϲ⡣
ճЦ˵ȴһ٩
شھ˻֣Ǵһ˿ʲô̫ھеĸƵʮǳںĲӴƶʵȴǸ̫֮ϣҲǻҪǿϰٱνľܣβתͶ뱾ճɾʹҵɨƽ˻ģȻٲĸٻ
ճһ㶣ǰһ٩٩̸ЩɶԷǲʧķˡ
ȥϸϸֱ棬ֲǡ
ھ˷˵ȷԼе۾
ңճƺԷ·˵ݰɰݰɣңȻãһʱΪѻ
ճˣתͷȥһ仰Ҳö˵
оôȥܻ̲ܿסƢӽݺݿȥ
񾭲һȷٷϿ࣬һСľͻᱻȾ
ƱСʰʱ磬Ըһ̡ճɤӾкˡ
ϼĥĥˣʲôгԼֵġ
ĪϼģռһĽһЩϡҼȻǼʬëˡ
һΣЩ˵زδ쵶׵ûŹճЦá
ȻĪûйϼӣҲصΣаȷǮϵΪ˵ԣ̫⣬Щ˰ɡ
ǣڹھ֮ʱҲһ㣬Թʮֵǣ±ھ˵ɾϣ
ΪѪӪȻӡ
ʱճԷʱдϲӦģһʱ֮䣬ܱٺװ̳
ԶĪϼӦ֪ˣүٵһСòãϱö࡭ʱĴжЩٻԱҪæҲָϿīı
ճĪϼɣҲ̲ס΢΢ЩЦ⣬ȴ֪Էһνλ֮ãʲôʣʲôǱ
ҲֲãԼһν֮ʱĪϼҲò˶١
ʱŻɽɵĻ󱦱һ㣬ѧɽɵڹķ֮ʱʵſϲ
ðɣ˵ĳɳһ̣ҲǺ쳾ıڡ
ꡭ¶ؿȤ̲סЦھɫԼ죬͵С̫Ȥˣֱʣ绨ѹһŭΪգɱɢ¥ǴϺսһͷɵ
Ŷ¶ҲãȻˣ֪ˡ΢΢һЦ͵תͷճֵŮǲʮͣ͸һԵ뱾ĺ֮аɡ
¶أɲܳԴףҪ󹬺г
˵ʲôճͷʮֹŹ֡
Ϊ⻰ȫŪ׶Էʲô
ھòʮֳϿ˵ܳΪĺһԱСĸݣǨͲҪԥˣҶ൱أûˡ

ճ߳һ˻־ǸϲӬһ㣬ɫ
Ͷ࣬ȫ벻ҪжӲ뷨
ھɫѿһԼӲʵ㾹Ȼҵĺ⣬֪ԼʲôͶңպΪ󽫾ҲпܵģпܷԼ˵ʲô
һɰԵӿȥƴâֱ߿գеƶ䶼ǿϢɢԲʮ֮ڣ˿ȵõȫޡ
ɢźƵâһͦ˴ǺӶתݣɱڡ
¶أλ۲ΰԵĹھôǸɵӣ㻹Ǵ֮û֣ͱΪ񾭲ЧˣҰɣҲһɵȻҲŵù
ճ¶أ˵
֮жԹھĴ֮ԣʵĲ̣úһҲ̫˰ɡ
ǨǬ۶Ұ˳ҲѺ´עϣоԲȴĿǳ֮ӶҪҲ̫ˣþηǿߣһܲãҾд㣬£
ھͱǰ˹ı󳹵˺飬ָţ¡¡µͷ¡
ϼԽ֮ɫ֮Ѫ⣬һﱦ񡭡
һѹ£ķسͣǺתռݡ
컯컯ơ
Աߵӥ̾һ
֮ԳڹھҪΪԷл֮࣬һ̻齣Ǳ˶Էӡ
Ȼصԭ򣬲ЩĻǹھǿΪ
ʮͻʥʮʹﵽ۷ʥʮϣһһΰ
һ֤ʣôȭеĺƴ⾳ʹ˺ƴǡ
ȭ棬Ǻӡ
֪νճɹһ
ھȻ֣ϳԽ֮ɫһƻͬѹأճȴ΢΢ҡͷ
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˵ƴǿȣǿһЩĹھŲס
컯ƣǾ͸Цˡ
޼ޣƾ츳ˣճΪʮֽƷƵôС
ţѡһֱּӼ򵥵ķӡ
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һ㣬Ŵ̴һе⡣
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ܿԲľʯΪճԿΪһƷ硢һ⣬һˮΪ
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ݡ
¶һӰˣȫǾ㵣ǣȴҲֻ²ţܿܲùھ׵ʤ
ӣҲùھ΢΢Ǳ
ȴôҲ벻ֻһ̽ھѱ̴ѪĿġ


1664 ˷۱ϣ
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ھһ֣ճĽͻ綾һ㣬˹ھ컯ƣ̴Էơ
һʵֻóһ롣
ھ֮ǿŭΧľЦоôҲҲסˡ
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ѪӿȪһ㣬ӹھͷ罦һĸ첲Ա߷裬Ϊֲһд㡣



1665 ˷۱£
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ǣֿ֮ȴһ˿ɡ



1666 ־ڳѣϣ
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Ҫĵϸҵ˵һЩһпԽαļܣ߰˱ǿʮ׵ֵĹһУûó

ھɫȻͬһֻӬһ㣬ٿԼҲòϣǰһսԼֱûһϷ磬ѹסˡ
ǶԷǿϸʮ¹ҪôԸ
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ʱҲֻӲţûбİ취



1667 ־ڳѣ£
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̻齣ǿѹ֮£߲ʹٱ٣ĩһ㣬õƷʵȻ޴档
ʰΪƾֻǳ嶯ֱ޴ǻۣܴﵽ˰ֻľһ࣬Ҳһ죬ôƵǻأ
־ĳͻǵ·ıƴ
ճԴƳ졢ķ־ڵչʾԼĵ·߲еĵƴɱš
ʶ֮е۷Ԫʱ۳һɣΪصĽ⣬ݺȥƺϵ£ûκΥ赲

һ޵̾Ϣ̻齣ǿĵ⣬̾ϢͻȻͳ˵ֿ֮ѱ
Ҽ˼ͺͷڣƵҲȷĵ·Ѷɣֻɼ𣿾Ϳ߶Զ
ڶߣС
ճȥȴ˶ûа쳣̻齣ֱ֮УϹʥʡ̡һβľ־ʱ֣ٲ¡
ǰ̻齣Ľйˡ
һģʲôҪΨʵ飬ܴһСճ˵·ڳŵҲ·ڼᶨġ
߲ʳɽľǳܵڴֻڤڤ֮һۼ
Լ֮ⷽ䣬ֱ׽˼֣ȻĶһΡ
ٷˣһҳеΣϧˣĵվĵҵĵ·һҲѧŪĻοأ
ճһгһڱԣɰͷ˽ȥշ
ʱĹ־֮ԣԱֶ˼͡־ӴһЩ
һ֣һɺƴַֺ͵ϢֱֱԶһСɽնһСء
ýģܿаѾԳƵϼƷˣҲ֪ʲôɵģ
ճԻ£ϵ䣬ʮ̡
Զɽ֮£һɫ۵꣬Ĩȥͷ亹Ȼ˿ȥ
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˲ΪУֻ£̬Ҳñһˡ
ϣֱ񾩣üͷţܿóǡ
һ֮ɸı¾ơ
ֻЦڿ£֮¿»кܴ


1668 ֮ϣϣ
ɣԷɶһżþò
ںСӵôϢ᲻м١
ᣬʱս֮У˻ŴϢСΪܸߣȴʮּ黫ýһʱ˼ơ
һݿ̫ʹļ׵˵
Ǵɵĳϡ
ҲԷɶˣӺܾǰ͸ˣ֪λʵ˽飬˻һ
Ǵһĵĺ֮㣬ʼΪʵǺԷɶµŮ
һε֪оٳҪȥݵõϢǰȥɱû뵽Լȥˡ
أԷɶȵɫ֮࣬ϣŭôģȻûסϣɱݣдޣƹź鸮һӷˣܳǣô˵
º񾩳֮УǬͼı££ƶһ²֮ǧ֮ǹ˲ü˵˵СӻһѧλԼʮֲºޡ
ʲôҸҴԣɱݣһ˲ʵĽɫƾϣ취һ
ԷɶݶŤŮͷ⣬ҲһʱļᾧôЩһֱţȴ˶֡
סûеȥɱˣѾϳǸ
аС㡣˵ں׽Ǩһţ߻ö̰ơһ죬ͻȻɱɢ¥һˣɱɢ¥ʮλ֣ΪɱܴϺǸһɵϣռϷ硭ǰЩӣʺߵķ﹫Ҳ±˴ֻһЩͷ
ݡ
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˳Ǳɣ𣿺߿ǨУ
ûУ׳ʱǨѾȥƽӦ̶ӣոմϢھһսսߣǱ̻齣

ԷɶĬһᣬòſ˵ǨˣƾҴɸ޷Ը¸֪ܷ˼ɳȥȰѺ׳
С㣬ºҹ˲ЩС¡Сּ
ôС£Լļ¶ãôͼı£ˣȥһ񾩳ǡ

ھ̶֮ڳ;ûǰš
ֵһǣƽ¹Աӭӣճյƽ֮ʱ̬ࡣ
ճ⺮˼䣬ǽͷû̫ᣬûнǡ

֮Цݵĳţӭ̶ӽ
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ϴϲ⣬׽һ߸Ը磬Ϊӷϴ
ңȥճӻȡһУЦȻ·;֮һЩۣҲʹа֮Ѫ
ִУͼͬ챦ʯɢѪ飬ЦããⱦСΪʥָտɴ
ͱúˣǰſھʣһ̵ֱҲܲ
ճ˽飬κһˣܼԼͻǰãἤòԼ
Ǿ֮λԼǵ;ͻơ
ԸԳˡ
һᣬѹ˷֮⣬һƿһа֮ѪУݸճϿ˵СӦģͻ˳Ļվȥ˸ӡ֤Ϊõ컯쾭¾ֲġ
ǾͲˣڰٻ԰үյˣүûҾʹذٻ԰ˣ̫ӵ£ĳЩ㡣
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ãԼɹ׽֮󣬾һֱ·ûüɵ֮ΪС
ͷ׳ˣΪˣҪʵ׳
Ҳ
ҪչؾһЩʱգңȵõ컯쾭Եͬޡ
˴γУûмֹճЩֵġ
ʱ䣬ʱĺӦѾͻɣ֪ǷѾΪ
˵Ը㣬Լȥȥµ飬Ѿ˳ԹΪǬ̫ʦܾôĿ޶ԡ
ûеһʱ䶯֣ҲѲɡһҪæڳҲӦá
ճص˼һᣬ˺뷨
ھһս֮ǰȻ죬һɵ֣̺ͺȻ㲻ʲô
֪ҴӮھϢӦûһЩأѾɾɣĸ㣬ҲæŶ֡
λºӰڵԽԽ㣬һײǳΪ̫ʦ֮ڼΪ򲻵ѣǲɱɱ񾩳֮УҪӷˡ
ʲôֻԼ֪ճҲͷȥ²˵⡣
ֻһתͷ΢΢裬Ͳٹע
һǿԿ϶ģԾֶΣѣһ֣¾һҺãǰ棬ۼвָλתɱǬ۵̫ϵҿҪǿ̫ˡ



1669 ֮ϣ£
صٻ԰ճҲæűչأֻǰа֮Ѫֳ룬ٰĪϼнС
ȥɣҪǴа־̾ΪҪϸĥճ
ţõġĪϼϲĽӸκѪ飬Щɣ죬ҷ˷˰ɣҪѨϣõϵġ
Ϲˡճͷ˵а֮ѪãǼʶһ̲ŵϹʱսսزս⣬ֻ𵽺ٵĽã˰ξͺãҪΪ
βǵƱ𣿳һָ¶ȥӪռҩôһ㡣
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ճصĵа֮Ѫҩжͣûʲôãͺѵˡ
ΪⶫϾһѪѡ
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㳵ŵһ翵Ľߣһָرɫ
ָǿĲһָ£ƬӦΰǿĳ֮£׳ɱķѡ
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Īϼɫһ죬ˮ֮Ҳ˼ճվһԣ棬ʹźࡣ
Ȼֻǰа֮Ѫʥ˵ûʲô̫ãֻǶźܴ
ĪϼȴֻǸոտʦ廹ϸ΢ʣʱͻ˼ô

ջļڣֻǷҩѡ
Īϼϴԡ֮󣬾æŹһǣһΣ¶صҲ˽ٻ԰ʵǣࡣ
һЩҩˮһӿٻ԰ճʡ˼

ڶһ磬ճ֮ͤУ滨ݣͷƮɢںůء
ڳӡΪ׽׼
ͬʱҲڵϢ
ŲŵŴճԺоֳĪϼС죬ŶƴӰ
ү̫ӵţѾٻ԰
ã͵δ汾ˡ



1670 ڱصãϣ
ճյ˹Ѻڰٻ԰УʵһЩı㡣
֪̫ԪôѧδģһȴףŹʵǿ
Ǭ̱ĸ֣Ӧöɹ׽٣ңһսҲ֣µĺô˵УδӦвû
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ճ֪̫ôõĹ֪ĸа£췴ΪΪȻΪʵ۲ϲ
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ճЩǣ̫߻һ۵СŮʮģνСһСŮŮϷһ˿޺޼ɨƬ԰ӡ
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뵽ڱ̫ϵճ˶Էһˡ
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еĺƴƣճ֪λ̫˵չʾʵ
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ĪϼһԿţ̾
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ǰ¶ֻûо˴νλУֻǹһ£Ѹٵĳɳһȥܿﵽʲô
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ĪϼҲ˰ɣӭǹɡ
á
Īϼζ˶һƬư㣬ƮһǰʩʩȻһҼүڹѩͤȺλ룡
ôļӣ̫ӵǰݷãӭӣֻɳһŮ̫ˡ
̫Ⱦ̲סˣ
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ǺĪϼ࿴ۣ֪λǵվס԰ѧĺͬĸĸ磬˵ѳɳˣͺ޲ÿһ
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ҲԣתԹԾѩͤȥ
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ճ²豭ֱ˵˵ɣ̫ӵٻ԰к飿
Ǹ˷ʱճôҲӣǴӦȥ
ɽʱͬգʵͻͽͿϼӶ֮ˣǬ̺̫ʦͼıĴƣճ̫ġ
ĵֻԼܷһ
һԭǾճѾ΢΢Щϲ
̫Ǻ̫ģһ㣬Ҳ֪ϴڰٻ԰ʥ̫﹫ʲôϵ
ĺǿҵĵֱҪջˣֻΪ̫ڳһֱš
ճҲ⣬սӺٻ԰˺һƣºӣﲻ޲Źˡ
˵ЩˣԼ򲻵һȥҲνЦӭˡ



1671 ڱصã£
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ճǰվŵĸͲһ̫ӣһͨˡ
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һ㣬ճʵҲ֪ģҲɽֵϹ䣬ԸˣǲöԷС
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׶ָոմ̳δƬӨӨҶҶָѾըһƬѪţֱۣžžУѪĽ
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СŮС׶ԴһʱˣδعƮɢţͼһߵĺȴǸҡ
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̫Ԫɫٱ䣬ֱڻûдӦǱðˣǣ
˹֣תȥһЩʿְ˽ŵİͺ̧ߣһʱҲҡ
СŮ󣬵ͷߣ˰ٻ԰ԶˣĻûеظһˣףһԲϾɱˣ̫ӵ´βҪˣ˵ϴɱ˷﹫ˣġ
޷С׶طΣҵյ𣿡
Ժ£ӦиΡ۴ǲУȴǺֵģῴ
Ժ𣿺ܺá̫۲һƿ˽ȥһȥ

һΣΪӣģԲŲö𣿡
Īϼü˼ʵƺѧʡ
ԣ̫ˣǴŽȻչ˰ִҲöɱ˵ġȻ£ҲýճЦ˵
ϴһɵϮʲһġ
ⷢӽѵһ̫¸ǿԣɱȴǲأЩڰϣ͸Ӳࡣ
һô˻ȫҲĴ壬
ֻҪﵽĿģҲûҪŪԵУǶȤ
Īϼ̽ͷһᣬֵҾ̫Ԫ϶ưոݵģոȥʱСԺۣӦ˷֡
Ҳˣ۲гСһ޺ʵϺܿװģյ˱Ѻڣ͸Ӧˡ
ôһ̫һ׽ٸֵĻпǰϮĪϼͷһ룬жϵ
ǲòңһǰ˵ʦ֪᲻ҵЩˡ
ְѺĴһΣͲ֪Ƿ񻹻š
֣Ҫʶһ¡



1672 ͷϣ
ܽã̫ȥĵڶգ˰ٻ԰
һΣӸѾﵽʮˣ֮ʱƺƵģų
ճһͼһŹüְ˲ʵʱȫȫ͸ŹӺݡ
ʵˣ̬Ҳȫһһ仰ݣǾţĵĶ˼˿߰
ϲүͻʥ̥֮ǡӳֻǾҩƶͻƣԺٴνܻӼһ㡣
ճ̾ǰһ㵣ĵģĶԷͻƲʥŵ컯쾭ҲûӰӡ
˵ʵڵĲʲôţһֱСڻ֮䣬ʱƾĲ˭Լˣύ
ҲûõֻҪܵˣȻͻơ˵ûκһλ߻ϲֱ
ʷϾһЩӣûжõλ֮ǰΪǫӡ
һԸԳЩͻǰύѣΪԼĸвԼλãӶóֶγȥֵܡ
ϵλǰ󣬾ˣʵѹֹɵķ
Ȼڵһüһ̬ȴһ
ͬϲͬϲСΪ޻Ե̤ʥ׶ΣῨһôҲԲܹͻʥѾˣǲһܴﵽɽ׶εģ֮ҲûжٸͲȥһ㣬ǱȲĺ׳־ˡ
ȻЩı䣬Դճûб仯ҲԺ֮࣬ǼǶɡ
ô룬ճҲȥһ壬Լֻ˷һҴҹͣҪ̫ܴﵽĿľͺá
˽鷿ˣױһĴӻͳһֳ
컯쾭ˣطУһЩ컯䷨
ճӹһüһҲЩϲá
ʮѨϣʥƪôȫ
ٷһ飬һɻĿȴĽ͡
֪ܵõʥƪѵã˸йأӵͻʥôʥ䣬ͻɵôƪû취Խõڡʵϣ컯쾭ƪǾõҲˣұûɡ
ƺճᣬæͣУģһСԸóѣҲð컯쾭ƪȡһΪ졣
ҲաʥʥɣԼ취ճԪϸϸֱһ£˵Ļ滰ҲͲΪ
ҵˣֻͻƳΪʥλһЩߣʵǱȲ̫ӣҲȲھġǰ˳Ǵ֮λֲơ
Ǭ̳谮Ҳ֪ǷΪ츳ԭ򣬻Ϊƺ̫ӣвӦ
ϾǬ̵ھΪ˽ӣôǿ󣬶вλˣô졣
̫ͨӺ͹ھһУελҲ֪Ҫõ컯쾭¾ƪٲܡ
ôھûеõأ
ճ뵱ھս֮ʱԷҲֻʮϣӦҲûʥƪķ룬ôһҲû취ˡ
֪ºûеô컯쾭ƪӦǻģһֱǺûѣãõʱؼʱ̣Ӧò˽
ԺתһЩͷճȴЦ⣬ͷү뾲裬ԵƬ̣ҼⱾ飬ͻ㡣
֪һõ컯쾭ٻ԰ӦԼҲûѧҲ飬ǰϸϸжⱾ顣
ʥƪֻἰ컯֮۵ͷҲûоȫ
켺ն
Щճ˵ûʲôôҪϷţӵת֮ȥ˵˵ȥǸѣҪۡ
ֻҪ˷Ժʶ֮еԪһһ㣬ƾ˭û١
巨컯书˻طƣ컯ƣָף컯ȣλЩɱУлطӰ͹
Щճеڹھͷ﹫ϼʶеûмѧ輫ߣֻԼ꣬߰˰ˣ侫衣
ûеһʱݣҲ¼ӡԺ֮С
ȻĻʮѨϵĲ֮Լ֮ʱĽɺͽݾĶ
ǰЩѧһ˵ս֮һ˵ıʣõ
ã컯쾭ĳʵֻܺá
һʱ䣬ճͷ飬ԷĿ˹Լ¶һ֣εԴʵͻʥ֮󣬲֪ģĳоЩͼֻ֣ҪһۣӡС
ȻͷЦǳ֮Ȼŷǳ£Сټˡ
ƺʲôɫһ֪֪ء
ճһ֪ѾˣһΪԼΪﵽ֮ǣԿʲôܹĿ
ʵһ㣬ˡ
ɵǺǿһۼͼǶһЩ伮˼ǲҡ
ЩһЩ䣬Ҫմ侫񣬹Ǽסͼûõġ



1673 ͷ£
ʱ˵֮ооͥ˵Щͷ𾭣ȵþģЩطҪ
֮֮ศɣٵеһ⣬
ǵʣҲǰѹȥӾţһпоó̿๥ÿһζµĳֱӡ꣬ҲȴſԻ顣
仨ѵľҲǲ١
ճ㣬۶ľ飬ֻǿһۣȫ¼˽ս֮ʱҲͬ¼ӰһѶԷ;¼УѾ˷ףͬɼ
ȻĹͣҲûʲôԵġ
ճֻǹĵ˵ͷĬ˶Է롣
ЩҲ˵ţԷһģҲûˣҲͦá
ԽأԽӾηҲãһЩҪ뷨
ӣճͱչѨϣͨʮϡ

ʱȽȽһ¹ȥůٻ԰Умʮεʢ
ů磬ĵıȣѾϴʱ֡
Ԥ֮е̫Ϯ¼ûзҲ֪ôģ
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ǸɢҲһϾơ
ңԪпΪԼֻԶţΪͲҸ˺Ƥ
ճҲڵȡ
һյ˲ĻټһĸӦùˡ
Ӧ㲻ͱͼıֱӰȫǻӲճͲˡ
ʱ䣬׳ȥУºܴͣںɵɱʵͻͽҲѰԼĵ°˴֮һɴ
⣬ȥçģɹһ׽٣µ־̺УǬȻ·;֮л̫Ӵ£ĸ
ЩϢһҲûǵһʱ䴫ٻ԰С
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ò˵ι棬λºǺ棬ҲѵõţֻԸЩˣϹϵģǵ˰˱ù
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컯ʮѾϣճʶ֮еӴԪת嵱ѾԶյĹھҪǿһЩ
Ҫͻ֮壬ҲǱĶһԲһѨϿˡ
ĻۣӡУҪΪɣҪϰѨϡ
Щӣճϸ컯쾭ҲûȫԼǰܿܲ´ˣĻҲڵ컯֮󣬻ȥѾ˼ͼı̫ϵ
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˴ʱ̫ϵճʵѾû̫롣
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ֻɣٻ԰Уǰ뵽գûκͷڿ̽
ĪϼǸɣ˼µĶͷ֮Ҳϡ
ÿҪԶԶ԰ӣԱߵ
ճߣܵѹ̫֮ʱ߻ħ
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ǰû£תǰȫ뷨һ㣬沢׷һ·ͻơ
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ǾԾתΪԴϷΪǿȷ
һϽ֮ɫĵľһЩ⣬ɢŨĽ
תת֮һĹ˾תļ˼ھ컯ǿͲ֪ٱ
Ҫɻͻ񣬾͵жɹ׽٣гΪ֮׽Ҫɹǲѣһʱգͷ֮еѾΪУ͵´꣬һơ
Ψ֮ȴǲٳɣһ͵
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ճ롣



1674 ̫ϵϣ
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ԾһôҲƲһ֣ͷڣݹҫˣٷ磬ȫͣƴϡ
һ㣬ճԼҲ֪ģ׻˵ѪԼ˵ĵλʵı仯òҲб仯
ճռ֮ʱδɹȥԵ磬ʱ˿̣ĵΪﵽ׽㣬Ϊﵽʥ۷壬ж䣬ɽƶת˵ƮݺͳأìܶȻһ
мˣʶʶֻǿһۣͻоѹ֡
ʱɫոںڣǺȾʱ̣ɢ¥Ȼǰʱ˴£µָֻ֮˷ʢ
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˭֪ûúͻʺ˵һͷɵĿұ
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ŮӵٱͲǸģֶֻѡ
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ߣ˿̫ƺܴȴ֪ĺ;С㣬һɡ
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С׶˵䣬·̫ӵ飬Ƶġ
ϵĲ豭һȲ˫ϵãҲûʲô֣֮С㣬ʵϾǵ㡣
ҲС׶ССԣüͷһǨѾѶԸˣôֱĳһףôһʵΪǣðˡ
ʦùھķ֣鵤ȫģǣȴôռϷˣƱ仯̫죬˴ֲ
ü΢ֵ̫ûʲôٶյ˺ĸ󣿡
⻰ʶˣС׶Ե̫ߣܵãԷʲô˼һ
С׶ƲƲй˼ɣǨһֱڰٻ԰Ҳţ̫ӾҪʲôҲھж֡ĹСҲ֪Ǵµմӡһʲô¶ˣܻ̲ϲ˺Ƥ
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С׶뷨ȷʵѾԵˣʵû壬һѹƵ̫ӣʲôӵıҪ
ռǨ֮ʱȴû뵽һ֮Ū̫ӡͷھҲһ̻齣˵ʲôͷ



1675 ̫ϵ£
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ҿھУ̫ϵѡˡ
٩٩̸۹ھˣС׶߷߲ƽΪԼСʱھһɤڶߡ
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ʲôСŮӵͷ­ɣʲôʱ׽ˣ£۹һ
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ֱ˵˰ɣ̫ϵ̫ϵϷţҺܸȤ

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ζճȴûŵһ㣬Ҳȥ࿴ԷѰγһĽ档
ֻ̧ǰ߽ȫûܵӰ졣
ɫ˱䣬ѽʣȴûзϣֻЦʵСŮûмǴĻ̫ϵûжԹ
ѾһЩί
ȷûжԹҪֹ֧ھǸ񾭲ʵۣԹˣ񾩳˭֪ĳھЩڣֵ֧ĸ
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Ҫ̫ϵճԪѾȫתҲ׼ݼ¼
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϶ظԺ߸ȦͻȻ֣ʹһ񣬳𡭡
ת֮ѳǣɽ룬¸߹ңһʤѩŮһ׾µľŲӭһΣ¡¡Լ˹



1676 ħϣ
վɽ֮ϣĿ׷İ⣬ŭǨұƽϣƫƫȻǿԵǾ͸ھҲ顣
һ䣬üľͳһ⣬һͱ˾Ų
һץֻӶԭ䣬Ų㱦ǵأ¡¡ѹ
ķ֮ΣҰ׳ķԪӿۣӿţ¹ⶼڱסˣš
õ
ճһϲãּ̫֮׵Ĺó̫ϵӸϾͲһֻһ֣綼ѹ˷ֲʵá
ǵģԪӦУŲʵķǵγɣںС֮
˵ڿռҪǿ򣬾ֻܱ߰ס
оһС֮УŸֿռ֮ɱƾ˭ϣϾʹơ
ճ뵽ɽɽ΢ȻŴС֣֮ȴһ̫ϵԵҴеȷûˡ
ķԻͷռⱾǼãϧǣֻǶɹһ׽٣ȴ̫Զֻ磬Ͼ硣
ճһЦҰľ׹ͷͳٿžӨ̵â˶ӡÿһŶСԡ
ٿͷһѹѹһƬؾȫģ
ǰɽˮҰ߻һգΪ֮ת¾ġ
һ磬硣
ճԼٲε껯С磬ȻȻʵȣȴ̫֮ûľһЩ
һ𣬽üĿݳ͵Įƿ͸˲͸˼䣬һǧبŲڡ
䡭
һ졣
ޱ޼ʵӴոѹ£ͱյ࣬һƺѺۡ
ţ죬ռ˲
̫֮ȻȴȥӷĲ֮⣬ͷȹӲơ
ɫֻ΢΢鵭ת۾ͻָ糣
Ұɽ󺣣ţҲڰΧŴתȻӴ
վɽϵ΢΢ɫְףֻоһ˿
֮ɫȥӾɹ׽٣
˵һ־УȴܵƣʵϷǼ
Ϊ̫ϵʥŮ岻˵¸ָƣҲ֪֮꣬ҲõƽһսϢ֪ǰλյˡɱ̫֣Ǵùھͷܡ
ھ̻齣¶ء
Ϣ޲ֵĽ似˵֮⣬սʥ۷塣
ǣķ̽ӴϢû˵λɢѾɹ׽٣ﵽѪӦ
ʱһĵӦ֣ɹ׽ʮϰƹһᡣ
Щ鷳ˡĽûʣδȫ
һҧҧ֪Ҳ˿֣ܸܿھһǵóһɡ
ԷͱˣԼûйھ컯«ƾ̫֮Ŀռ򣬻һգӲ̫Զ
ͷΪ磬ԿҵĿռ̫֮ٽһ漫֮ӣ㲻ܵפʱ⣬ֻҪʱ䣬ҿôӦԣ
巴Ӧܿ죬̫֮ո٣һü֮Уһ͵ķ紵˳ת֮䣬ͻһ˸Ĵӡ
ڴӿģǳĹӣͭ죬һֳأƴ󣬺ʵĸо
·תʱ
ճֶƮƮټݣڽ𻨡
ǰ̫֮֮ʱû̫ʱȴףԷӣȫʵͷ顣
ƷΪ飬ʱ䡢ռľ񣬰ζϵĶ߻
ѹֻ漰ӦˣͨɵľУ֪ǿ϶١
иڴˣճҲףЩ֮ܳΪʥأʵŶ֮ء
̫ϵˣҲˣȣǵĵٲǵģȻڹȻ̺һֵһֹ
µ±ǹȥڡδѧۣ̫ϵȴ󣬰С
ѹǸԼΪģΪԼ죬̫ϣһĿڶ޷ӴҰġ



1677 ħ£
֮ϴһֺأƴϢ֮һģʱϱã糤ˮѲ⡣
ճʶϵ֣ȴԸӦõÿһַ̺ϡ
ڴ֮ζ鶯ǰιһ㡣
֮ߣճ΢΢һ֮УǵŴʶľһǣж˷š
ǹ˺ܾãֺһɲǣճ붯˼ͷתһ¡
һִǰھب֮δٵһȣܿһ̡
ȫ漫֮ӡ
Ƿ·ʱ֮ڣճ̾һϧȻǼٵģܲٿʵʱ治ʵգҲͬҲؼټ
Ͳɣÿһεϣʧ֮䣬е˼˼֡
ʱֻͣڸ˸Ӧ֮Уͣ棬ܸʣʲôã
һ⣬ճͲȥˡ
飬¼ҲһϺù۶ûȻ͸ưɡ
ԭرסĴͻȻ״ԭʯ𣬺оվԺߵȦţҰ
ճнһǰһץ
ȥ䣬δ޳
޳ˣ֮ʱ̡꾲ֹôס
ʱֹǰãͷһֳԽʱռ䣬ԽһеΰԸ컻أɽӡ
ճûж̻齣ҲûóԼϽֻԴµĵԸ̫ϵĹ
ײ֮䣬մӡ߲ʾһƴǰ»ָҹɫá
ڰ߲ľâ֮䣬һȫްѪɫȥ
־Уܵشɫѿٲִܱݵӵı顣
ΪǬֻ̺ͺвңû뵽Ȼ©һˡ߰ɣ̫ϵܸ㣬̫ϵһУܲ𡣡
жһЩأҲĳ־Ȼɱġ
˵Цˣ֪̫ϵھ̶ǿģ⻹֪ġ˵¸ѡӢ֮ʿԱ£ǣƴǬȾͻҩ;ô
ճǼڽֱӽҿԷĻԡ
ô˿ãξͿãĪǣչƲ£ΪĳӢۺܣ
⣬ô֪ģԣСţûز
أֻ̫ϵԼʥŮ֪û뵽ԷĿã˵һ
ûôճ˵ˡ
֮Ѿ̫ϵҲøҲøϵҳɵƣȴǲܴȻ㻹ʲôֶΣһһʹȰﻹǱ˺Ϊá
ճƽ̬ͣ׺Ȼ̸ģȻȻȴľ
С׶ųһԣΪ
ȫ岻֡
ȰԼСЭҪӲȴôҲڡ
Сദ˲֪ٸͷ˲֪ﲻ֪ʲôԸ
һģʵȴĸúܡ
ʥŮԼʦ֮⣬κ˶ֺ˱Ƶز
󣬻пܵõ̫ϵһۣϧƫƫǿѹȣˡʱѾ˵ֻ󷴻һʥŮħ;Ż˾֣ܻܾܿˣֺαأ
˻߳£С׶ȻʲôǵģĵԼС㡣
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һ̣ҲòϣϿǸʵǱԼСҪǿôһѹƣʵǿᡣ
֪ȰС뿪񾩾ͺˡ
ｹţԶɽ֮УŵۣҲ֪ھʯ̥ûУ˵ʱ䣬뷽ɵ֣ڼӽ߻̥Ǿ߻ɣһԾΪ۷壬Ϳһƴ֮ϧԶˮȲ˽𡭡
С׶˼岻֪ʲôҲû룬䳤У߳һħ
ɽ֮ͻأһɼǱ㳤һ֣ͻһϸϸ֡
»ˮǣƬմض˷һ㱡ɴ׹ξ
⵹ҲˣֻߵӰ죬㲻ʲôճķ֣ȻżŹֵá
ˮԼԪֹûĹȥԼȦ˲ʧȥԪ֧֡
࣡
УֺܵĵһӾʧΪͷӡԺ֮УѣҲ鲻ɵ
Լ½ˣƬռ֮ڣԪתΪԣó
ħǷסʹ÷Ҳ˰˿Ԫ֮治УܸӦͷ׳һ׶ΣͿǿдֳ򡣿ǣֻ׵׽ٲȻȻ
ճǴЦʥŮΪţģ
һ˴̫ϵ͸Ҵ񾩳Уȫ̺ͺ鷳
ħ̫֮漫֮ӵĵ̾봩Ҳɫɹ˿أӦ˵ĵˡ
ԣƾôһзħɻκβңһź֡
ճ΢΢һ̧ͷϸ߿ա
¶ˣҪõ̫ϵȹһذɡ
Ĵվڸϣ˹
ʤ֮䣬Ҳʤ
򲻹Ѿ׼ٻԮеһ˿įӺܸߵŮѾĵⲻ硣
ûģƾԼʵսʤ֡
֮УͻȻͨƻ𣬻ȼգӳƬضͬն֮ʱ
һֻӴĻצȻץ
ʥŮӦٻҶˣҪһȱ׽ٸֵ꣬Ѷ׽٣ȴѵõʡ
ɣֿͣŻѹ£צһץ졣
׳צ棬βһƬƬȼųһ׵ƬһֻɽСͷ­̽˳¹룬ݷͭ塣
һץΧĻȫı䣬ټļռȫΧָγһеСǧ硣
ϣȫǺ׵ǽԼյŤĿ
һ˲䣬ճ͸оԼһ¯֮С
ȵƺҪ֮еˮȫ
ƾĵֻǵһֻܣܶԸ˭
ճ̧ͷţû˿飬·ûмü޵Σ͸⣬ԶɽϵİŮӡ
в֪ʱǶһķǳɽ


1678 ܻ׽ϣ
֣ⷽħӰ£겻ܳϣʩչִΧǿĹһ鷳顣
Ͼƾִɽʥ֮Ҳʮּѵġ
ʥĹмޣٳıֻһСС廨롣
ճȴǲͬ
Ԫһ壬͵ں㶨һһļܣ˶һ겻ܳϣóǿĵ֮ж̺Ԫ˫ش
Ӱ쵽ԪУӰ쵽ڲԪѪвɣӰ쵽Ĺ
Ψĵжǿ־жǿ
ճе̻齣Ŀޱϲ˻Ӵצ縡ơ
ӽбն
һƣâէ֣ͷ֣ǰľɫֱˡ
ԭһƬ¯һһĨ⣬ԽԽǿ̵˫Ŀۣ֮еͷɺȻĽ֮УͣĲ
һ㣬޿ɵֵ˫ȷһ֮ͨʱΪ̹ġ
Ǳʰֱųһƿ棬־֮Уһ޼᲻ݵķͲ಻ļͣնһУһС
ն
ճԴӵõ̻齣֮󣬾ʹûȫϵҲûֵȫֵ˻
ʵһϲ֮ߣҪʱ򣬻ʹԼƿԼʱȷĵ·ϡ
ǣЩǿĵˣǰвĻܡ
һȥѾʲô
еߴ׽٣ĵͷóữС˵ڰ˴׽٣ǿ԰׳󵽷Ƿز
˽ٽ׶ΣҲ֮ǰһأ߳Ϊ
ʮʵ㲻ʲô񣬵ĳһ˵˰˽׽٣ͷ飬һЩԣٷǷ
ֻҪԣһ߿ܣҲô򵥡
̫ϵԾö˽ͷܣپһЩֶζϿԳƵϴ˽ֲ
һԣճ΢΢оʵͬʱҲ̫⣬̻齣Ľ⣬ͬһ٣ն˳ȥ
һԾâԽԽǿԽԽ󣬵˰֮ʱѻΪɡʮɵһԻͽ⡣
ϵͺţͬӿ赲Ĵ󽭳ӡ
ˮ׵ϷʺͲ̣צ֮ѾԲһŹر£ɵ
԰ѹǧٱ
ӡУ˴֮еĶǿ߿ȸˣԴ֮ʱҲжܣâ
ΧһۣµɸӡºУɵľŻҲÿѪȻʱǾһ𹥻ӡºҲΪ֮𣬲Ը뿪
ɵֶȱ㣬繥֮󣬶ʱòٱ磬룬޷С
ٶȱ㣬̫ǿˡ
ĳʱ֮УõɱС
һ֣Ƭռ䶼һϡࡣ
̫֪ˣ̫ˣҵľУӲŲ㿪Ц
ֻʮ֮һŻͿǵԽԽ󣬵ӵأֱûԼӴ
ǻ̽ĳצֻһӴѩıڻ
ٶȿʮֻȴԽתֻǸոüӦͷצѾȫȻ
ʹӿͷŻȻͲԼ壬ȻԭأŹԺ¡¡ѹ£ȴʧȥѪ٣۷ɽ
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̵ʹ飬Լͷ­Ҳͬһڻǵ֮ǰйڻİ֮Ĩ
һֱ۳巽֮Ҳһĥݻ١
һ̣ʹǲԼΪ˴Ϊ˴֣
ǻӽնޱİɽ֮ϵŮƺЩϤȴҲǲ̫ˡ
ʲôֱĨһм䣬ǣ
һֻ쵽һ룬ӴͻΪɢһɹ
էճͿ˿ٵĻͷ΢΢һƿռ䣬ʧ
ճػΪϸ˿һŴ糵ֵͷһ鶴С
ֶΣֵúúоһ¡
ʵɶƵֶΣǬµĹȥڡδ룬Ҳɰʵսе𣬷ɵԪ𣬳ħԭħȵȡ
Щ𣬾ŻȻʵһЩĲãһţȴֱ̣ʤһ
ÿһ¶ֱһͷֶΣȴǺֵճѧϰ



1679 ܻ׽£
һö˽ͷϣ¼¸ѶϢճʵҲ΢΢Щϲ
ֶҲõţֻҪ꾳ĳΣ硣
ɸҸɵֶΣݹ֮Ϊãĵ·
ûүүûʦ̵ôѣҩȫÿԼճĿ⾼룬־ȴúܡ
ѿİ˸ͷǻع鵽˰ɣ˵ŻԼİ˽ͷΪϣԸ汦ҩϸֻ棬ĿܡӦǴӸտʼһ𣬾Ѿϻյ顣
ճսʣ̻齣ơ
ԵıʵѾ̥ǡ
ãڹ棬ɽù嶾ɽֵıһҲ
ɽķɽߵ·ΨΨΨһ˷ķߵ·֣ͬĵ·ͬǿ
ջճǲ
ܹõŻİ˽ͷз̫ϵҲΪǡ
ҪģƳֶΣȥ̫ϵսԼ֮

ʱһ紵гĪѿһ޴Ŀӡ
УһĿĺˣͻȻճԶϢľһ˹
ɣƺԶһ־͵ߣŵʹţڶߣʼʱͬͱͬӾ޹ġ
Ȼ̧ͷգͼĺԺ־ŵȦƺţ⻪ԽתԽ죬γһ£Ȼѹ
ֵӡпգָţָԲָɹ
ӡӡӡԸӡӡʮӡӡӡ
۾ϴ󣬳һйâһ
ϳˣ˵ĹǴһδմӡҲǵһƤëȻѾ˸壬Ŵӡ
ӡ任ԽԽǿռȫָԲ޴޳޶ĺȻѹ䡣
һƣ˸о۵˶õǺεֶΣԶҲӡһ
ƺע
ǴԲӡԲ޾ηӡ֮дů⣬ֵȻҲ׽ٸ֣׽ٲΡ
մӡһ˲䣬һ˿ϣ֪ôӦԣֻ֪ǶԷԲմӡϣǾԼĻᡣ
Ǻǣ̫ӵºαزͷ¶βѵʱˡ
ոЩϲãоŶǰЦһ
ûмʣֻǰռ̲ͬϵɳһ
̫ϮƬճĿ׶ͬſĴڣŭţ裬߲ڲͣŤ˺ѡ

ŵȦһӡճͷ­ɾ룬ȫɢ
һѪͼ㲻ҪԶۣǾŵȦԲƿնߣٶȱʱ졣
ӵúܿ졣
ճЦһȴҲΪ⡣
֪մӡĹȦбٶƣ޳޶ʤǰʱ׼ܵĻѱץס
ԷӵҲ£ճҲû׷ʵϣɱĲء
߲ͷ¶βμֹʵΪﻹ²Ǻˣ
̫Ԫ񾩳ȫ֣±ʵ̲¼ɣ֮ʱųԼǿдֵʱԾ͵Ϯ
˵жɹİռ˭սʤǿ֮󶼻΢΢ɡ
ǣԪû뵽ǣĿ꣬ȫ֮⡣
Ϊǵ磬ȫ˼顣
¹һմӡǰźǿճǰȴֻһѡ
Сֶѳɴ
ճսʣȻЦһתͷ̫ϵʥŮ
չ㻹кλ˵
ҡͷеȫһ֮ƺѾνĵ̫صüҶû̽ĵϸԭǶٹɡϧҴˡ
˵˼ɥ̫Ҵ˶֣Լγ
ԼĵƣŻҲȫޣҪͷûжĿ๦ʦҲġ
ŻһʧĵΨһһûΧ֮еģսʱն
İħʣ̧ͷȻΪǿԶϣ̫ϵȴǲܸģ̫ϵƻɱҲô˵
ɱ̫˷ˡ֮룬ֻΪﻹŶϣѣҲ²°ǵȴ˭Ԯɣ
ճһץ̱ΣΪһֻ߲ʴ֣һץվɽϵİŮץС
תͰ
ǹȥĴݱ̥ش磬ӡΪԶԶǿ֣ûʲôѶȡ
ƺʧ־Ҳֿһ֮֮ģҲ̾һ£ȴûʲô
ڿλʥŮεĳճûǰɱֵı֣֮ǰαƣĿҪӲ̫ࡣ
һСŮˣԼͬԶۡ
Ⱦ̫ϵţһֱǱһһʥŮ˶Ǹӹϵڶ࣬оŻӦö̫ϵʮҪ˵֪ѣôҲȡ
̡ϣ¶ֳŸոתõĻᣬΧɲͶǰң˵һʥŮѣһһǣỨ̫˼ϾǵĹ׷ľ̫顭
⻰˼ͺˣ̫ģԼ˾⡢ͬѪףҲϡ
統αƣΪã㶾ܾĥ˵ľˣ޿ɲҡ
ǣñͲ£ңԶߵһİ˱ࡣ
ûҪҲʹ
ҪԸҲֻΪԷԼ·Υ̫ϵƿּһ޹ء
ǰαƣ塣
αƳ²ԮȣֻǴˣǸӲˡ
ƺҲһ㣬ɫĵĸ˼֣ճԼĴ
΢΢ĵͷñ˷įճȴǸӦ
²°йھɣţһµŮʮȤԼҲ롣ң̫ϵı̨ںܶ෽۳ʲôĿģֻҪлᣬǿ϶ȵģԲԣ
̫ϵʥŮԾɫƽʲô飬ճʶȴĽë΢΢ȻǱ˵˼
ǲһģͿһ̫ϵԺĹھжٻᣬֻҪܵǰܾܲߣҶ㣬Ͱ̫ϵĬдаɣ


1680 ķƶϣ
˵ʵڵģλ̫ϵʥŮʵճļƻ֮У֮ҲûʲôԹǣ˭֪̫ϵĵ伮أ
ң̫ϵֹ֧ھ
ܲܵϻʵճ֮֮ģȥ̫˼ھȴǲУ˵Ը֪һ˳𣬾ͻṢڻʱʱ̿ű
Լ£Ҳһ鷳顣
ǵǣھʲôͷԲ˵һ񲡣֪Ͷ̥ʱ򵽵ʲôֽţɳ;ǿһͿȥ
ճĲ룬Ǽһܱܿ㶨˺ֵߵﶼ˳˳ˮõԵʵͻͽǺܵõŮ˻ġ
ǶôǿôɫŮˣһͻᷢĵʧȥУкܶɫŮӻص׷桢һС
һЩֲˣҲܲѧ
ճڼǼһһˣΪ˵ֶ̫ˣʵٶȿ쵹ҲˣԵ̫ҲûйϵɫŮȫģһ㣬ֻҪǸ˶̰
ͱ磬ȸŮɣֻǼһ棬ͷ·аһ㷼İȫ񾭲ٶ
ٱ¶أΪȻԭƿӴУʶν㣬ǣһھݽȥˡ
ç֮ܵݣԣѾΪǸ߸ϵ飬ѵĮԣȻҲصϹھΪԸ
ֻһ룬֪λǬŵжôаˡ
ȻУⲢа񣬶߰Ůķݷ
ʥŮأûݽھ壬ȴҲûܹȫߡ
ˣΪ̫ϵʥŮ˵սʵڹھ֮ϣƽҲʵӢ
ȻͷʮֲܹھΪˣȴȻ֪ΪԷ֮ӣ¹ܹеε
ճҿ϶ǲǻż⡣
Ĺھ˶ĵĹھճʾǴ˽Ϊ³һ˼Ǿ̡
ţһδвҲþ춯֣ʱԼһССĶľ֣һá
ճ˵̧ͷЦŵ㣡
Ц΢ҲһЩΡ
ʵϣҲֻҪһ̨¶ѣΪ֮Ҫʲô
ãչ£ȥҰٻ԰Ͱɣһϲġ
˵꣬Ҳȥ巭İۣ̫ϵʥŮವһֱɸ߿գֱٻ԰ȥ
С㣬ȵҡС׶ںʹ׷ţɫЩ
뵽ȴһ취ҲûУֻиȥٻ԰ʱʲôԵףʲôƶѾû塣
ȫһܱ֤
ֻϣС㲻Ҫôǿ롣

ʹƻͨĵУվһ֮ǰ渡ֳĵӰӣһʱû˵
ϵӰӣʾĻ΢΢ȥŲʹȦͬţԶ켣ʧ
ճڳܿڳ봦̫ϵʥŮ彻ֵĳ
ƵֶΣնɱŻմӡ̫˶ӡ
źɫһƷԱۣʯ񣬴վܾתӴϰԵϢﲨһ˳εĴֱѹ˵֮ϡ
ʿֻǿһۣͻйâۡ
þˣ͸оԼͬ׹뵽һ¯֮ȥˡ
ʹ֮УϢȻ赲ɢչʾǿ
ⲻ˳Ϊ֮٣ԱǸ΢΢ϵĵۻȴûа
ڻʿУͷƽϽڣŽƾ۵ĿˣȻûʲôǿϢȴǻأѺеڡ
˱ֶһǰһ˵ĺгͳһ
һΪأһΪȺɽ
ȻŹ֣ȴû˾ʲôԵĵطǵУʵ۱ΪӣǲΪȻȻľͳһУ鷲ˣһԿɾ
û뵽ɳٰɣϴ˵ȥ㸮дһСףһΪ̲סأû뵽Ȼһֱɳںˣ
Ӻݣƺʲôϲŭƣһ˫ȴӳŵ⣬ǿת
ȸԹٱ£ھԼִ̫ƴɱɲɵģѼλȫŪûͷ˭Ҳռ˿Ϸ磬ⲻǱҪ𣿡
ϲŭ˵ճҲƽƽƺȫûʶ̸۵ĳλԼţӣԼλһƷԱ



1681 ķƶ£
¼ȻûзǨ£ǾҪüλȥƽ΢ɲҲڻʼҼ֮УҲֻĿˡ˵ǨȻȴҲûʲô˲õı£ҪȥҲֿΪ
˵һֱз΢΢ſһЩһ˿â֡
ĵбů㣬ʱϴʱڣȴĳһƬ
㻹ô˼̫ίԼˣǻʼҼ£֮ǿۣùܻҪܵģҪôһЩС¡
ҡҡͷЦŶԺЦİɣͿġˣǻʼױʥ֮ں֮ʱҪ֮ѪҪϣ֪òȫƿأ
ˣտʼЩ˳̫Ե΢֮ѹƼѣֻˮĥѹִɣǳɹֻҪٶһʱ伴ɡ
Ǿͺã컯֮۵Ҳ˹ؼʱ̣ҪʱС˴еʵԽǿԽáǴ¹ɣĺ˻ȫһͳ۸ɡϵ£һһѹһ飬ҷŻ
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ȻӦ£ٿһ֮ʧӰ˫΢΢أָֻɲҡƺרʲô
΢Цͷ⣬֮ϣббţȴְɣɴ⣬Ѽ׹콩ʬѾԪ׹Ǽףȡһ׻սʵս˳ͣ
ֻжѣ𡣡
һµɤ絶ιһܡ
ŵɱľ
ĵУռ΢΢˺һӣͳһߴӰӰü絶ʨڣƺ⣬Ϣͬһֱ񷡭
ֻǹƣѷɫԱ߱Ŀεĺ
֪ڵ´ϴεֻ⣬Ҳź
üңϷϧ
ֶֻԹԼʵУֲ˭ˡֱĩѾж¡
ޱ̬ǹ
ֻϧĩԪ޶࣬Ѽºɨصһˡ
ȥɣ񾩳߻ӣԭϣǨܽˮǣƵ̫밲£û뵽ȴǿˣ
ʱ䣬ѹһеƣٲӲ£һЩɴġ
Ὺڣ˻֣һ̵˵Ȳϳʲô˸Ҫ
ˣΪɣѾ˥֮죿֪ܲʱգ
಻ĩһɱأ̫Ե˼ټͻ֮ʱľǱܳŵѾǲס
ϧˡ̾Ϣһ󹦣ϴһս˲֪ûλʥްг֣Ͳ̫նɱӡºС
ΧһսΪ֮Ϊ˲׽٣ʵǿ
ǹް͵Ϯն˶Էһƾ̺ͺˣôȥɱ٣Ƶٴת
뵽ԷµĹͣһЩЦԪһ£ת㲻õǡ
ǡϲɫȻ̺ͺͼıʲô
Ĺɣ˵һ£ܿԼٽһǧ꣬һˡ
ϤһԪ׹ɵ֮ǲȻ׾װ˳쿪
⣬ð⡭˵ɱѣ񾩳ڶ֣ȫ֣ܻܿݻٽ˵գһСģͻþǴңɲ
ôţɱԽԽء
̫ܶ׶ӣӣƽһսУ𣬼尵һ
ֳޣҪȫ֣ͳֵɱȥˡ
ɫ֮ϣ΢΢˸޵˺ѿռ䣬ʧ

Զ񾩳ʮؽһɽ֮ϣӴĹȺһȫʡãĵǷɵݼʦԪ
ҹݣߵ̫ƺ沿ѾϸϸļȥлƺҪӹ̨߽
ҹãӳû硣
ʮλŽ˿۵ʿ˷Ÿ߷λһɹɼУм׵âϸܵ
Ԫ죬
һƳˮͰϸɫ׹⣬м䣬һ߳ɫʯȻɣ׹֮п֨֨졣
׹âɽʯͷ֮ڣʯͷʣβֲĺľͱýüĿ
ھȫϮ׹⣬ʯѾγ࣬Ҫˡ
ڵһλĿ׾곤ʿϴŽۣͷϲǷɵȻ
Ҳճϵĸס
鸽ͥȴͶ˹ھΪжԷʥעƿ£Ӷǰע
һΣھ飬ϵַ׻õʯ̥֮ǵõġ
ǣλԽԽǿѹţ֪õս׺սǹʱվѹµǿǡ
˵ǼٵģȻȴ֪Ȼھеھ˼رӻŴۣҲֻʱġ
Լ˼ǧУֻҪһ˼׷˴֮վܻ÷ر
ģûõô˵пܻˡ
ҽҽԵ
˾ҷɵĻԵ
Աᣬȫڼףͷǿǲĸߴΰ꣬Ȼֻк¾
ھֱһˮɢŨŨ¹ʥŮӣʯ״̲סЦ
¶ֻҪʯ̥̳Ϊ۷壬ʱââǹʹ޼ɱ»кҶ֣
ǨҵŮ˺̻齣˳𲻹죬ٲһᡭ
ԣҲöݺݵģ˵ʱҰԸ
ã̫ϵʥŮ壬û֣ͱǼһ°Ӷȥ¾̣þ
ЦУмʯ̥̬ԽԽФƹھü˿Ҳˡ
Էɵľ׷ΪԪΪӣʯھ־ʱѾֳһС
ֻ̥ȫתΪʣǳɹʱ
ѳһ˿ס
¡¡һ𣬵⡰裬ƺүҲһ˲õΪ


1682 ʤףʤѣϣ
ɢ¥ͷӱ°ȥϢȻȻ󲨣һȴǲһϢֻǷ΢΢ͱѹȥ
ճŶôǿסڿڣǺʵˡ
ڿݻһߣ˵Ļ㱨ӿŭ֮ɫ
ŭһͲҽһڵأȫ鴤ţǷĭ
̫ҽ̫ҽ
ԱźŵŮĴŲ
һų۵ˣ˹ֻһۣͷԸ£û£û£ֻģԼӵͺˡ
˷еĻҲƽϢ
ÿлž֮ɫûһ˸¶ںһ۾ʱȫޱ飬һ鲻ԣλԽүǨŭҹ
̫ҽǲԺͲܺתˣ˵
һ̣ŶһЩ
ֻҪүƽŭһУҪ˶೤ʱͻкתġ
̫ҽǻʺҽҸˣ˻Ҳֻ΢΢ʹͷ
ʵ˶ܿóԲʵͷ΢΢ĺ飬д󱳳ֵʪۣ֤һ㡣
ȻҶ֪ȴûһ˸ҵ
ԣһЩҲ֪ɵˣǲԸѵʶԼѺתʵ
ǾͺãǾͺãֻɢ¥°ˣһҲ°ȥˣȴǲŲʣʵܣ̲סͻᷢŭ
үҲ̫˵̫ݳ֣Ҳ˶أ˵ΪڲԶ
Ա߾Ȱ
ǰ˵ȶбӦͷүأʺﵣġ
˰ΣƿڵˣԺ˵ϢҪٴ븮УȥɣģãȻ˴
˵֮ʱĻǳʧȥ˶־
ֻڹʵϣСܻʼҾӢƢȻ壬ҲϰˣȴǼɵ֮ˣЩӵﲻԼĴ
Ѿ٣޸ҲٲҲԷĽ𵽣ֻҪ̫߶˼ͻͷѡ
̫ҽ˵ԣĵĻһĻôʵۣһܶ˼жĻӣʲôǰ;
úǣĴԹޣҲܷйŭֻҪͷͻܲס

飬ճ֪ҲûʲôȤ֪ϰն󻼣鷳
вҲͰˣȣʵ̫ԶõһЩСֶΣѾ㹻ˡ
ڰٻ԰ס֮Ҳȥλ̫ϵʥŮ뷨û֮ǰǲܽ⿪ԷϵĽƵġ
ûа߼ǶͣȻţĴǵ
˵ˣС׶ǰֻܹ̺岻̫ίҪԼСӵԶԶģҪ⿪ճµķָΪʵǸġ
õȻλ̫ϵʱ֮ĺ֮ǣûᴫ˵̫飬ʱֻԼֻ˴ġ
ճ֮¶ԼҲֻ˳һ˵Էһ̨¡
Ȼ⣬ΪаգھԶҲܳǰ
λ̫ϵʥŮеϣעҪΪ롣
Դӹ׽㣬ճͷѸ٣ֻ˼
ܹڤڤ֮иӦԼӦеĻԵͼΣգָоȻ̫ܿԶѾһЩԤ֪Ӱӡ
ھ֪
ճңԶɽ֮ƺ˳ҹ
Ŀϥȴţ֪ʱδ
¡¡
һը𣬴žı
ճ۾ͼһ⣬͸ɫɵ֮Уʱʱŵҫ
ʪˮǱ紵ĴƮΪ֮һ
ˣҲˣԭӦ֮еʱ
ճȻһЦ𣬽߼˴ǰ̧ͷɫգӳŵâ¶Цݡ
ͷ֮ӿֶǧͷǧŴ裬Ө׹⣬ը罻ӳ
ЩͷһԺУͽһƮƮʵʵӰ
Ӱӭűһǣֱϸ߿ա
һ㣬㣬㡭
ֱ㡣
һΣճͷûǰѣͬͥŲһ㣬ǰãã׺˳
ɹǰ׽֮ͷ֮оʹӡǣǾʱĳ֮׳ֻһѴĤֱ㡣
ʱ׹Ѿǰ漸ǰһһƣһƬ׺󡭡
ӿţֲǿ϶ճһȥһ㱡
롭
һ۵˵ȫǰƺֻص˹ȥٴξЩж顣
˵һһЩ̹ǲһЩźͻ
ճԭأƾǳˮһĺ˵ϣƽ
ֻԼعƽᶨܿ쳾Ӷġ
׹֮Уճһ˫ԽԽԽԽᣬͻȻһЦӡɢ˿
ǧͷΪһƬˮ⣬Ƭޱ޼ʵ׹غ
ܸӦԼѾ״ͷ׹ɳ
ƺ˺ܾãҲƺֻһᡣ
Ƭˮ˵Ŀ׺֮Уһ׹ƵӰ۳
ǧͷ·ѣͷſŹྻϺõ֬ÿһͷ֮ϣ͸˼̻Ϣ
Ϊã
ӦնԼİƽҲ̫ϵҪߵĵ·
һѸ˵Ϊ󰮣ˣһж͵ްȣҲ顣
;ͬ飬ճöԼҪߵĵ·
ֻסԼһУڱֿԣԺºܴħҲױץסȱ㡣
ǣֻҪԼĵ޺ηʲô·ʵǿԵġ
˳ģıԣǻԼ
һ㣬ճȡ
öĵףһԾͷһųһ⣬һԾվͳһѷ죬ֱֱ߲֮С
ʲô飬һʱʢϸöɹ߲׽١
߽ײ㣬ǰһѾϺɫһĶӿͷ
ôЩԼɱģǣЩȥ֮˵Ѻѣһǰ֡



1683 ʤףʤǿ£

ֶԴײ֮УԴȴڱ֮ڣӱܲˣֻԡ
ǳ꿽ʣ
ôһЩ飬ǲĴ޻ڣ
ٴδͷ᲻һֽ
Щﲻˣնɱ᲻оĲ
й¿ƮգսбɱʱֻҪԮ֣ʹвͬΪֲȥ
ҵ
ճһͣĿ֮УͷȻը
ҵߣɱ⣬ߣɱ⣬ļģп٣ۻŻȥģˡ
һˣƬ޾ĺڰ֮Уһճ֪ԼĹ⣬Ҳᶨ⡣
һĹ֣ԼٲţǶǴֻҪˣ͵ͨ͸ڣɡ
ͨ﷽Ϊ˺˶û𰡣ʱģʵԼӣһɣ򲻵ôƻ٣ҲǴ˲׽ٵѹˡ
㣬˺գͷȥӰ޼
߲㣬ǿĹ֮ڣ
ôڰ˲أ
ɹ߲׽٣ճͷǿ׳ÿһͷݻ㣬ֻ࣬ذǰִһŻ
뵽ڰ˲㣬ճĤͼһĻ
һռ䣬֮У׽֮УֻлһƬ㣬ڰ֮䣬ͬɹ
ɵĹ㳡֮Уһ˱߿ա
˾ţһ᳤ֱանƲĽ⣬صиţƬռ䶼΢΢
ճһȥһصĳ˫źزç
ȻȻԼ
һ㳡֮ϵİӰתϴ΢΢Ц⡣
ĮȻϲޱͬһʱ䣬Ӱ˳ƣ佣֮ϡ
䡭
һɽĽ⣬ӿɹƻ٣졣
紦С
ⲻҵ˫𣿡
ճ㲻Լ۾ʶ糱ˮһӦȥͷԼûп
һ׽٣ûô飬֮ʵĸԼȫ
ֻòԼƣĽ򣬾ʽ־ȫУҷŴ
ԷδƺѾҪⷽٽ֮ˡ
ճ֪ôһ£׽٣ΰӰ˵ãҲԳΪʵ
ΪӰȴʵġ
ʤףʤǿ
Ҫɹڰ˲׽٣Ҫ˻񣬳ѵĲ磬ҲأԼ
ճ˰˲׽ٿʲôˣǾʶԼսԼ
׼ȷ˵սǿԼûͻƵĻԶܶɹġ
ûֽǶ棬ʶԼֶΣܺáճйâͷмһݣͬİִӰ
һʲôֶζûУճףֻҪԼûгⷽأκصľйʵûô
ԼģԷȫᣬһõøһЩǿһЩ
ΪˣŸϲԼıƴܷ㣬ĽԽ
Ҳ룬ХһͬһֱӴӿгһ񣬿ɵĽ⣬ֱȥ
ϡ
ÿ죬˵ø졣
ͬһնճһն;ͷңԼͷȫͬ׹֮С
һɭֱꡭ
֣ԼֻҪٴǰܾܿͻᱻһֱն飬ͷ
üһǻӣԽñԼҪ
ճתȥ⣬ѿƵͷת˲ָ˹
֪ԷҪǿԼͲӲƴˡ
λΪ̣˸˸ΪǧӰӣÿһӰӶóأɭĽɱ֡
ǰҲһЦͬóӰ
һƬĽͬˮ⣬˷ɱݡ
ܵ˵˲׽֮лӰ񣬸ҪǿһЩճĹٷ֧࣬穡
Ҳ֪ôɹ˲׽ٵģѵʱսжУȡʤ
ճ벻һػʲôȡɵķɹĲһ׽٣˵׽٣˵˽١
ͬԼǰ߲ûһصѲ
ˣԼ´ǵӰҲ֮ѧᣬͬ裬㡣
һ澵ӣӳҵһС
ԭ̫ǿҲãҴû뵽ԼԶԸǹǷǽ⣬ǽƽУǻָȫиɻ
һһ񣬷ĴǧУֱеϡճûдܶ֡
ͷײ֮лɳʱͷӡѾﵽ˾ţոս˲֮ʱѾҪǿϲ١
ǣھǿ˳ӱѹŴƾУûһܹʤ֡
Ȼҵĵ·ȷģƵԽƷ
ԽǿԽκȡɵǺôճԺͷۡ
ѵҪó׵ֶˣѾ˰ʱʱЪ´Ҳ֪ʲôʱʱǿһ֣ҲӦò
ʵѾӦˣ³ֵĹھѾøǿѾԼһЩв
ȻǵǣָţӦʹ֮ҲѾ̲סˡ
ǬʵҲʼ֣˭Ҳ²᲻ᶯȫ֮ΧҶɹ׽ٰ˲㣬ͬһ㣬ŴѪ⻯ͬŻһɲ׽٣û㹻ʵеˣֻܱӦԣ鷳С
ˣ׾װɣڰ˲׽ٶɹˣǰٺãʲôأ
ճҲ֪ԼپܳһʱһǱ޶꣬Ϊﵽĳٽ㣬ɵڰ˲׽٣ܾܿͻһγơ
ȴȻʺԼơ
ѾϢţԼǲǼת
һΣԪΪߣûаˣȷճǷһδֵ磬ϴ̫ϻʼ˷֮ʱ͸Ӧıأһ֣п׸֣Ϊɡ
ĳλ֣һƬ½ֻһǼ˾ͱѪʣһ㾫ع磬òơ
Ԫ˲ǲʦѧգٴνǸ֣ƺܿ⣬˲ɱѾ飬ᴫڹˡ
ˣ˲žתתǷ磬Ͷ̥ˣƭأƭ֮ʿ
˵ڴ˷磬ûҪ̫ͣáԪܲһֱȴţ˵˴档ֻҪתǷͻƻԵӦøһЩ㶼߽׸֣ǲǻи
ǰҾѾ֣ⷽ磬ҪͻףҪܵƣЩǾɣѾתóɹ˲׽١
ڴ˷һ־ͻܵѹƣӣǴʱҲ˲̫ࡣ
ɹ˲׽֮취Ӱ죬ֻҪʱ䲻Ӧùϵ
뵽ճһգƮˣĶ񶯣֮оͳһ⣬ֱֱӿͷ֮С
ŰϢ


1684 ؼʱ̣ϣ
ﵽףѱ˰ϲĴۣͬⷽ磬Ը𣿡
ճʣԼǲԸġ
Ժݣ֣ԼͷǿҲһһεĴⷽӡ
ƣﵽյḶ́ʵͬһ̣ϵ缴ңҼ硣
ճļУƺպ׾ʹﵽ磬ȫܳѡ
Լһô˷ҲͳԼĴӪҲ߽ȥ
ͽгҲ磬Ҳ硣
ճڴ˳˹ֻԵ϶ͷҲҪġ
ǣҲʶ˵ķ羰ŸԶĿ꣬ôܱǰһЩ
֮˷δΣװɣҾеġճﰵ˾ŵľתԪţӡ֮С
ѾһѾߣô̫˼ˣ˷ЩĤֻҪǵųȥǿԴһġ
ܿ죬ճͷ۳İӰڽע֮󣬺һʹŹâһɫף׾ǿ˷ȥ
ɷ֮Ȼڰ˲׽ٿռ֮ڣ롣ԭȻгİ˲׽ٿռ䣬ʱҲܱƽÿƺǱƣطŭ
ͷɵ壬ֻܾܳתתĲΣϾδͻҪǿͲƿԪȻӣһųȥ
״̬ҲѾˡ
ճ¶Цݡ
ǰڰ˲׽ٿռ䣬۳ӰȣзԼľȫͬһΣڣԷۣԴ޾ϸռơ
Ҳճûа취ԼӰ
ܵȡͻԵĽôȥҲͱֲܡ
ǣһľתӳͷ֮ʱͷ˸仯
ȶǿǱǰǿʮֹصǣΪתǴ˷δֹĹߵĵ·Ҳδ¼˷粢ܸƳֻӶ
ճĸӦ֮УԼ˼ǿȻǰĲΣͺܺˡ
ҲȥŪʲôӽǰӲӲײ
һʱһʱǰǱͶӰַƵҶģޱȼѣʱԴַʽ۸֣˵⣬ֻͷıȫһɨա
ԭϲĻ۸˵ս㲻ֻ˻ˣ
ͬ󺣿һӿǰУճϽɫĽ
ͶӰȴѿѷȻܿͻָĴȴʱʱıϣԽԽ
ͶӰһնճ֮ϣ˸ֻ΢΢ƣû̫˺ճͬʱжԷͶӰͲ㱻ñɢ
ȥֻǹʮУӰžһˡ
ƬյĿռ䣬ͻȻͳϸС˿ķѾʧȥɱ֮
ճ֪۳־Ѿ״ɢʱ֮ҲԼʳ
ҲɣɢӡȻɢȫƬ˿
Īӡļ䣬䣬ճ˰˲׽ľڡ
߲׽һḶ́Լͷ컯飬ĳԡ
ֶȻҪս𲻵̫ˡ
˰˲׽׶֮ʱͻ񣬻ʵͻͽ
ŻַԣҲǾԼʶͬʱԼԸΪʽ
ȻĻȻʶȴǱƿߡ
Ͼǿͻҳ
ǰճǾͶӰͬҲرԴֶɵġ
ճ֮ǰΪûжɹ˲׽٣⡣
ڰ˲׽ٿռ֮У˿֮󣬷Ѿû˿в
ͷһתһ鵭Ӱӳߣһ֮ʵ壬ѪϺˡ
ճ֣ĻƤÿһë׶Լ˳ǿ֮ľŻҪǿ
ĵ̣ͬΪ˴׽٣ʵҲ֮ϣǿһͷҲΪ档
ƺӦճ˼Ǿ߷ԭ˼佣ˮһ㽣Ƶ
սŸͬʱ֣ԼϣҲᱻǱӡ
ճ̽һ£Ц
һУǾ߻ٴڣδֹ
˲ƣǾŲ׽١
ճֻ֪ҪɹŲ㣬ͻתΪڴ˷֮УҲվʳˣԵԲĹɷԸˡ
ܶԸģֻͬΪ񣬻ʿ
ǰƿع򣬺ߴعߵ·߲ͬ໥ơ
ճո̽Ųռ䣬ͷǽա
ûз磬ûпҲûʲôڡ
žŹһΪ֮һ׽٣ʵף編Ĵڣͷѹִ֮УҪͻƾŲ׽ٴﵽԲȾҪͻư˲׽٣ͬʱҪΪɡ
ǹؼڡ
ԾŲ׽٣ûǣˣ̸Ӧƽ٣
ճʱʥ۷壬ûͨ˴ϡɾɣȻֻĿš
Ͼתȫתʵ浱ȻԳԽɣȴ˷粻ݣܳϡ

е֮ϡϡࡣ
һ꣬ͿҪͣЪ
ճ㡣
ɹ˰˴׽֮ԼĿġ
ǹھˣʱʱ
ǰ̫ϵʥŮĶԼճ̲סЦ
ھȻȥΪǼһԶҲûˡ



1685 ؼʱ̣£
˰˲׽٣ճѧķֶΣţλ˾˵ͣʲô
飬ôǺܴԶ£ܻŪһЩŹϡ
˫ʵ̫ԶǿʱҲĵġ
ǣճʵǿڶɹ׽ٵͬʱѧ˺յֶΣھ컯«ҲܴƤߡ

ճֻ̧һѷʹ׽Ʋ֮д߿֮ϣ΢΢Ž⡣
ֻңԶɫɽ֮ϣһȻ»һɼǿɷڼɣսսصޱ߿⡣
üһȻϣԽΣ٣ƹھŨصͻӿٶȽԵȫг֣ʱڻʵǿ˼ĵز
ҵЩСˡһ˫ȥճһݡ
Ҫǰȥճһתͷϡ
ףҲڶɽ٣Ѿɹ׽١ϢʮϤǺףһŻ֣׼͵Ϯôá
ճϸȥʱʧЦ
ڶɽٵǸոշĺףٶҲǿ쵽ˣֻǳȥתһȦջ﹦˼͡
ֵһǣҲﵽ˶׽ٵĲΣȻϣֱӳԽ˵ɴ
ճվڸ֮ϣҲԶǴׯ԰֮ڣԱվһȹĵŮӡ
ճĿһȥŮӾѾ˾üͷšװͰ͵˹
Ȼ㾫תסճǺЦһջĿ⣬һâն˳ȥ
նɱ裬˵ŮԼͽϱˣճûôĺݡ
âֱƿռ䣬ʮ֮Զں׶ɽϿա
һ߹꣬¶Цݡƶˣ˫ֽţһѪɫιֱȥҪסѡȡʱǡǺ׶ɹ׽ʱ
Ӧþǰ̫ˣ۳ʺɫˮר˲ǿʲʱɱġ
ճԺ֮ͷһն

һ˻
ʼ󷨡
ƺӦճֻӳ̫󾪣ٹ˲ùףոմ׽ٶѪҲȥٿأȫһȦɫС
ǧ׽ͷ˺֮ռʱֵĽɫ⡣
ž
һ죬ǧͷ촷ۣΪԪ
νĻʼ󷨸ոճΣͱճǵնƣܵӰ죬΢΢˶٣ּٴɱ
ֱ̫ðϿһƺʲôѿʣ಻һǧӡͶգٿʧȻ˶ϱֶΡ
Ҳһֶηࡣ
ճһն˶Էǧͷȥ̫Ӵȴ赭д
ԷԱӵòͷҲȥ׷ɱ
Ȼž̬ճЦһûȥһ뷨˺գֱ巽ɵԪ۶ȥ

µЩδ
ǰոնɹ׽٣ͱЩźú꣬ǿһЩɵ׽٣ȴû뵽һΣ
Ѫ֣ǿʵԼ
йȥӾҲжη壬ֻҪһӴܵסȻţȴŭӿҪ͵Ϯץ
ʱͿռĤһ⣬һ꣬óǿʱ䵹ֻԶԶţ׾;Լص˵ѧాӵ£궼˻ơ
ﻹûüԾǵһ񣬾Ͱ͵Ϯߵǧͷ÷飬ӵٸͷڵ
ɫͬգֱֱսУܲסֹâæ˳Ʋ㡣
ǽһ֮䣬ʧȻ󣬺оһϤ
ɴǰһɫЩŵķסףʵû°ɣ
еĶݽ棬ҲˣѾܳסǽˣѹ
û£Ѿɹ׽ˡ׳һҵǽϵãӦҲ֪жԶһ˹նɱ͵Ϯߡ
ɴ֪˵˭·˵ˣʱɫҲĪû˵ǿ󡣡
Խɲˡͷһָɽֹ̧ĿͷңԶߣһطڿ׹ء
Ĵ׳ֻͣʣǸط裬׵ܼôôۡ
һϤĽ⣬ֳǸط
ߣǷɵԪڣ֪ʲô飿ѾȥˣҲĽϢ
˵߾ߣ׽һɴǣ֣һת˺ƿռС
çĵõǬôռ·

ھЦ߽м䣬ʱǾʯѾʮֿƣȫ¶תΪ
ɵʮλʿ£۶ֱֱʯ̥ͷš
ܿ죬Ǿʯоͳ˿˿ʣͬ񣬲һ
ۿɼģŵʯָͽֺȫתһ̾Ҫ󹦸ɡ

âת䣬ھʯ̥ͬЦ
Ǩڵˣɷɾͣ棬ҲӲҵŮˣֻ·һµ£û˾ȵ㣬ҶҪš
ھ˫ĿȺ죬˵֮䣬ǿҵԹͱڲΣȻ
õս񱦾ߣͬʱʯ̥ɾͷ˳˳ˮĸоҵĳЩϤС
ѪӿУžžžͳ忪ʮϣֽ֮һЩ
⳩ͨһɲ֮䣬ƺԼԼͻƵ
ھ㻹ǹĲ˳ʺϰԵĺҾŮˣΣһЦ䣬ճ˺ѳգͳԪ֮ϣϽ齵
Ūģա
ھռǿĳɫŮˣͻᣬǣǶۣ֮ǡ
⣬ʵţɱһ㣬ԣɱҪǿʮֹȫǺ޲ʳѪ
ңճӦ֮УһﲢǺ˵󻰣֪ʲôɣϵͬһ׼ÿʱÿ̶пͻͽ
ԽͷԽǿ𣿡
ճѾǲھһλµֶΣΪλЧĿʺԽԽǿ
ʱѾض˵ճϡһն¡
һ硣
߲ʽһӴ罵٣˶жǧ૵ƽҸոġ
У˼άѹƺ˽ϦϦʰǻֱۡŷͼͣǿѹÿ˵顣
ʮĵʿͬʱȫһ׹ͣʯ̥Цһһ˿ãһתĽȻֹ


1686 Ԫ죨ϣ
ճתε֮죬ѭڤڤ֮еĸӦӴ⣬ƿԪ
һʱ䣬׼ʤؼ
ʮʿĿ꣬Զ󷨵׾ϵҲĿꡣ
ʱ˿һɫǿ׵Ĺھ翵ŮҲĿꡣ
Ĺ򣬾ΧŲܹעŵʯ̥
̥ϻʯͷȴ˷ޱܣϢǣɣɢһսսصĲ־Եľ޿ܡ
ǻδǹ죬ûȫɹھɷճѾоʯ̥ӴϢΣԼǿ
Ű˵ʱ޿̲ԪһЩ˯ŵϣҲһһ򿪡
һƱ㻯ֻҪǣ޵֮ˡ
ȻΪʯı̥֮˴˷һЩ˵Ĵڡʯ̥ھҵҲû˭ˡ
ճֹֻ֪ܿһЩʣĪ˵ĸ֮£öԷҵߣǾӦһ仰򻢲ΪˮƽΣԽǿԽ죬ɣֻҪԷпһֱյľ硭
ʱǲ鷳
ԣܸᡣ
ճ
һ־ͺ飬ȴʽ˵
ӣҶûȥ㣬ȻԪҰһ
ھһԹﳩǰһʱӦɷɵȻȴǲͬ
ʮλʿɵľ׷Ԫ۵ɽΪȻΪۡ
ճոһ󷨾˱仯Ҳ͸Ӧˡ
ȻΪɵۼΪԶǰȱȴһˡ
ڵ֮Уãĳ͢ƨȡøַţ÷ˮ𣬸棬ǰ˵ΣͶһ꣬Թ
Ϊʮ˲ܣ෽עͬǽͷݵľٶµߡ
ǣٶ˱òϵʿһϸĴһΪԲ
ԼһУ߿ԳƵ踺أһжΪ˰ɷ󣬰ϴӻʺָɳһȥٻ԰ɱһΰŹھ޷
ӱɱȻûǰȥ𣬵ڳ˵òѧͿ
ʱò֮𵱼
ȻУһɫĳ̷𡭡
֮ϣǱ̻ͬըһƬƬ
쳤ӭճͻΪһѪɫĻԣһԪգۼͱ˻
ԹԹ
ֹĳѪƸƣ෨䣬׻ҩġԪ
Ȼ£նħط
⻹û꣬ڳͬʱ弱͡
һɹɵͷð۳һ޴Ԫ
ƺٵصԪķ˼䣡
̨֮ϵʯࡣ
Ԫ۳εһ˲䣬ȻһҶ
Ԫ޸ٵأ
¡
ײճһͽ֮ϡ
ֻһȻѣѵͬʱһͭ󸫡
ɽһС϶ǳ磬ɽһһ֣
ȻԪһȫǰһԾž޸ն˹ȥ
һٹΪóĽһ磬һĹȻ͸֧Ҳѵˡ
ճȻ壬ֻ΢΢һ񣬽磬ڸ֮𣬶Ԫ޸Ҳͬһʱ
Ȼǳ֮ɫĿһϲܵסͺãֻҪסһɲǣھͻϵʯֻ̥Ҫʱɾͣ͵Ϯͻͽ޹Ͷ
۽⣬Ѿھϵ鵭ӰѪԨɱ⡣
ճһĨƾ׽ٵĵҲ뵲סҵĹǳ롣
Ȼеĵոճ֣ͷֶԷһ֮Уһ⾹ȻͻȻǴҡһΣͱһֽ
ɫֳֽɫûһ㣬Խͷģһʹʯ̥üġ
̥˻˲Ϣ֮䣬ſƹھ棬ͻȻͱ˺Ρ
Ϯᡣ
ǴȻʵȻδ¶⣬ʶȴһҲǳ
ǰͻأֵĵڶΩΩФʵǿĵˣѾ˰ء
ͬһʱ䣬ҲŶϳɰء
ͷһͷ֣ǰģԭеͬɱ졣
ոʹùУ괦֮УǰĶ֣Ӧնء
Ȼ뷨ʵûսҲõ侯뷴ӦԶˣѹھȥ
ȻȫþУҲûôٱƳճһֶ
ҲΪھȡЩʱ䡣
ھʮ˱ܰȻȫƾԴҲΪǿԴ
ǰֻ̫⣬δǰһʱģûмʱ֡
Ԫ޸֮ʱھϺڼ׹âһʧԭأΪһüɼӰӣƺѾռ䡣
âǹѾƽ磬ޱɱֱճ
ֻҪƿֹаգʯ̥ĿȨ
ڴ󹦸ɵǰһ̣ԷϮᣬֱƣֱѪ
ǹɫϣˮһ㡣ǹ֮ϸǳһֻһֻص۾
ϰ۾ͣתŷ⣬ռǰ
ھûգֻ֮䣬ͷڶһǹ̳ò˼顣
ûе˾͵ˡ
ȥ
ףھ˫Ѫ죬ǹֱָʯ̥׼ȷ˵ýˢʯճ



1687 Ԫ죨£
Ϊ̫ճÿһ뱾־ǣ֮޸ء
ҲŶԸھȴֻ֪Ҫʯ̥Уھˣʵ̫в
ϾԷʵδﵽɣϴսǹмޡ
߾Ҫߴ硣
޼ɱսľѧܹаʥʵֻϧ㲻۷壬óֶΣʥҲ˶١
ھӿռһ֮䣬͵ǰճҲǰ죬漴ϡ
Լûжɹ׽֮ǰûͷյı죬ҲûֶΣʱ׽⣬ڶԷǿ͹֮£пܹ˴ʧˣöҵᡣ
ǣȴȫһճǰء
һһһڹھǰ𴦣ɽ
䡭
ǹһȦȦըա
ھһ٣ͣŭХţǹâըѳһźڹ⣬ȸ㵲סҵģǨ
սԽԽǿھһս
ǹӰճĻ飬λΪŸӨͷĽ
𣿡ճһǾ
һеģһ֣ͬİ۽𽣣־һնƿռ䣬ǰ
ƻĽͷδɢһֻΪķͬϢǿᣬգֵ˹ھǰ
ھѹǣǰһնϷɵȻĻҲǻعͷһ磬նһеƳ
ճնûж֣֣֮һᣬΧھû䣬ݣռɷۡ
ùھô
ƾھοսûа취赲ʱʱĻϼ
âˣֵδˡ
ۼʯ̥Ӻһճ忡ݣھżˡ

ʦòǰæˡ
״߶Ǭճڰ֮С
ɴҲһۿȥ̾ɵΪ´ɣΪվ˶ӣ˲ǵˣʱȻǻţ֪᲻ڲ
·Ͼˣ;ѭУܴ׻ɵѾа֪д³ҲǱȻ˵ȴûʲô˼
ǿȻĴƨļһǵǰҲֱԲ䡣
šɴƫͷһۺףǻϲ
һֱͱԷĳϵĵȾţȻ΢΢Щ飬ȴ뷴
۷ɵһǧһɣѣɲܷչ
ߴ·ǿУƣʧߣȡе
ɵʱٲңǳ߽ˡ
ˣʮλĵʿֵĽǹ֮£ȫѪɢ
ԪҲѳΪ档
ǲƵԪȫޣľʯ֮У˵
ââǹټս޼ɱھսѾԽɽޣҲˣף¿ܻбʣ²ȫ
һᣬдձƬƬѺۣһɹɷ˷ɨ䣬վԶҿɴе㵣ĵ˵
ô˵ͬʱȴԾԾԣ¸ֽ棬ֶˣ֪ʵ磬ʱԻ³֡
ЦҡҡͷɴɾͿˣʱȻδռϷ磬ʵΪ֮ΪӪɱ˹ھԳ󻼡
˵ˮܣɴŴС죬Щš
ûڳƫƫԹֻۣƾңҲµûĻӦž𡣡
Ż
ԣҵĽҲˣֱǼ½֮һֻҪһΣܰѱҽѧСҹϢ˵̫ϵʥŮ屻ܣŻﻯֶΣӦҲѧˣ𻤵¡
ûô棿ɴ澪죬Щš
ȥӾɴҲѧһ»δţ˶೤ʱ᣿¶Ц
ʮ죿ɴǵãԼ˵ˣŻʮ칦
ҡҡͷЦݸˡ
죿һɣ
һ֮Ϳˣһܻ֮ӷΪԼڹȥΪá׵ͬӵȴĵһЩߺ졣
ֱ񣬻ֻձƣֻóȥӷڰѹȥ⻯ΪԼ࣬߶û
ɴ͸˵ˣĹȥӷûй

ɴ𾪣Ĭһᣬ˵ѧ찡ˣо𻤵ֻóԶԶûгȫΪΣѵҪнʯ̥ھƲߣ
ԣˣʯ̥δ֮ǰҪȫתѹѲھ룬ƾŵס֣ΪھâˣɻѶԸô⣬Ƕ̶ʱ֮ھͿԴݻٵġ
Թ壬翴һ㡣
ھھУƽ̫ߣһᣬȻδ죬ֻоԼֻҪټһܿܳƾһһǹ̥
ʯ̥ϵݺµıǮôҲķġ
񡢺ϡ壡
ھڹ˲ӣ
ԱߵͬӵŮˣͲסˣٻΪһɫ٣ڹھϡ
â棬̷ӨӨھɫ棬ʮɣâǹؼХ˻
ˡһХʯ̥ͻȻЦҰռ䡣
ƯڰյճҲ¶Цݣ̻齣˸߲ʹԣ͸޼᲻ݡﲻն⾳Ƭռ֮Уһɷ
ͬһʱ䣬𻤵λֽ͹ǳǺϷӰ
ھݺһɫ䣬ĿȺҲĵһЩ类ˮͷ
ǰΪһҪʯ̥ȴǺණ
ߣٿֲдɤ
ŮҲ΢΢ţЩ
ߣھϹâʢռƿһ񣬾Ҫնߡ
ˡ
ŸճʮӰΪһƬ׻Ʈ¡
ھ۾һͷƬռÿտ޴ûԪ۷棬Ҳûݿûһ˿硢һƬƣеֻͼȡ
̥ؽ磡Ƕؽ磬ռ䡣
ԶԶĿţֱо䡣
ӽУǹھǱסķɶ꣬ԭأʯ̥ȴǲ˿Ѫֱ𳤿գƸ߾٣ҫĿ⣬Ӱóһ޸Ȼھͷ
ţʮ﷽Բɽӹȫ
ƱǰȻĿ޸ǿ˺ֹٱ



1688 ޿赲ϣ
ѧãԪ츫ֻȻùһΣʹˣ
ɴʱֻ̾˱ˡ
ǰ˵ĻЩŰɣʱĿã𾪼ֱԱ
ɵԪ޸һֱ̾ǿۼ˲䱬һָ
ϾԽ㼶Ĺܹóͺܲ򵥣ȻҲ־ãҲѵãؼʱǱ
ǰҲǰϧȻɵ־פرݻ٣ֵҪʧˣת۾ͼʯ̥óһС
Ȼʯ̥У侫־ȴճڲٿء
ԾڰգֻѪӿŻһ㣬ޱ޼ʣ֮ʱȫ˵𶯣ҪƬȫ飬ݻˮ硣
⵱ȻǴǿĸоֱӳģճҲ̲ס̾һҪ죬ҲѪͣǵӦ֡
ն£ھԲ˫ĿϺڰ׹âǣɽ˫ۿУâǹƣڹ̶
̥ؽҲһŪø֨֨죬ƺһ̾Ҫƿ
ââǹϻ֮£ھʵȷѾͻĳֽޡ
׾ãɣ乥ҲѳʱĹھ
̥ؽѲȻΪԼǻġ
ʵǰ׽ٵóľѹ
οʱʮؽһʲôУʲôգȫûаôƬԪ۷棬Ϊ޵
ھΣ˱仯ʮɫͬãͬһʱ䣬Ӧ֫ٺһͬʱǿա
ʮʮһٸϡ
ֻҪٸһʱ䣬ܿܵͻɣһսףôҲˡ׿þĶǡ
ԹھԽսԽǿ˫ˣҲĽ֡
ۡ
һ죬˳֮£ɽһͿߣ̳ϿսһĢ
ھҪ磬ͷͰһʽԪ޸
â䣬糱ŵͻȻһ٣۾ӣ䡢ȫѪѪҺǺɫǽɫ
ڿ֮Уʮ޽ȫɢΪ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬ھǲ¹⣬˻УɢƬƬǻԷ۳滹ţâʮ
âŤֵĻȣһ㰧ɢͷ磬ؼס硢սȹѥȫĵɢ¶ȫë׶ѪĹھ
ȵж»ָס
һճ־ʯ̥ϱӳĹ˼ȻٵأҲǿס
ùھڽˣ˫۷ס
ϵŮӣҲһǻԹâʧ־
˹âȻûʲôʵ𺦡
ճһˣⶫ֪ʲôΪ˵ֵĵˣǹھʵԼͲƵ׷
ܴùھͷԷ£˼άֹֻͣΪھʵ͸׵һನҲܲ
ǣֻҪٸʱ䣬ֻԪܿ׻֮»ָ
ñⶫҪˡ
Ҫ
¾ۺϣھ»ָѹﰵң޶־΢΢תʹߣǰһ⡣
δȫ£âͷոյסüģͳһ󶴡
ǲ֪ʱüѱһ̴
ھתŵ峹״ס֮£ͿԿͷ­ͬʱ٣ҫĿâɢƬƬ̡
Ѫɻҡ
ճջ̻齣뽣֮Уֱоһ˿ӿ˹ֱ޾
ϲ֪ǹھת֮ˣλ񾭲ţܹ޽ɵҴײҲˡ
ԭķչ֮У˵ȻǱȡá
ÿһδܹھ׵˾͸ǿʢıĻԵ˺һʰֱΪ֮
ڣھҵҪ𣬿¾ͺܼˣҲ֪׻᲻ԭǰ㷢չ
ָ˼һӶճͲٶ롣
֪ÿһ綼Сɱ䣬ѸģԼҲûҪȥġ
ɱ˹ھҪҲ٣ĪϼһúãǾǼʬ塣
ɱ˱Ķ֣ճ۽磬ҲѼ񣬿ɹھȴͬʵ̫࣬װ
ԪһԽɵ־ʱ
ճԺߵʹһմӡץóȥƬ¹ǻץУӴԣԱȵԼعȦܺͣҲɵú⡣
ѾʧȥǣδĹȦ
ץ¹Ժһͳ˰عȦһС
ã⣬ԶҲԲ
ճ΢΢˼һ£ֽӡ
̫ӵʱ͵ϮóľŴӡ
¼Ҳ͵ѧˡ
ӡӡӡԸӡӡʮӡӡӡóɴԲӡ



1689 ޿赲£
ճӡ仯Ժ˵Ȧ¡¡תɫâ
һɣȦ΢΢һͻΪһƬɫƹ⣬һƬƹ⿪ʼ顣
ŸӡתԲԺͷѳ˾ŵȦ
޳ڹȦ֮תճйȥ⹴һ
һĪظоͷ֣;𻤵ͬӡȫһ񣬱øӼǿϢǡ
ȥδܳưڡ
Ǵռذɡ
ճתͷ˺һۣ֪ʵǲںõǬСǧ統С
ҪõǰѶԷǬݻ٣Ūó
ûҪ
ճ˵ĵ·Ѿ걸ֻҪõ̫ϵ̫ϵֱͻƣ
뵽̫ϵԶһãմӡѹȥ˾
ԭӥһԣ͵͵Զ룬ǣճ˵һһôСĽҲͽ޹
ֻϴһĳͨûӰ֪ǲ뿪˹ھ

ӥѾŵ̱ճմӡ׽УȻҲҷȫһı顣
ǰһ㣬ھƲʱ򣬾ʹ߶«һԽӦ
ھâ֮컯«ĴռôСһЩӥΪܹܡ
컯«
ϵģ«ʮɿռž޴Ƹɽʳûж٣һЩ׵ȻԱʱ֮裬һЩŮװʮֻŸɫ鱦ȻǹھֺŮá
ЩճֻһɨЩʧ«ϵ䡣
Ȼûʲôؼ̫ϵ̫ϵȶ
ֱؼÿճҲ⣬컯쾭ھӦѾѧᣬؼӦҲֻһѧһѧԭˡ
ھȻҲĬдһȫûбҪ
컯«Ǽճ˵ȴЩߣ鶴ϣ﹦Ѿ߱
ԺǿԹȡڱ¶Լĵơ
컯«ջ񣬻ӥջ񣬻һҪջǾһһǹ
̻齣âǹճ̫⣬ϰϲý
ֻâȴѵõı
ǰԼԶؽռ䣬ӡסھֻܴԭسܴҪɱһܵ顣
ףճϸϸһ£ͷֲзɿգռ䣬ṩ޴ս
ڷ棬ϺѴݻ٣ճԹˣʹ̻齣Ҳֻױ滮ѿڡһᣬ׻޸
ױھõ鰵Ͷûгɾɣܵסȴסನ
˵ǰճԪ츫ʽ̥ȫùھ彩סҲ𵴣һʱ֮ʧȥϵ
˲Żᱻɢ϶Ӷճҵᣬ˫ֱӹüĶ
־ӡѪȻͻΪҽ
޲һޱֻҪӳһͷӡͻĻᡣ
ȻսǿʵֻҪ飬һˡ
ֶⷽϣ޻ǱȲϵ޵ġۼսޱȴǸǿһЩ
ǹھһޣսǿ
ճĹǿȫ޷ֵĵزŴֶΣƴɱ롣
ʦ
ȵճʰսƷײЦŷ
ԴҲߵȦڻط;Уĸ֮󣬴ӶԷϰ
µĹԹȥӾΪףɲʸҲ͵ֻҪ˹ȥĴ¹Ϳѧᡣ
ճͷϵĹȦҲ֣ȥָаأΪƾ׵ԣҪ˶ãͻԲ⡣
Ͼδ֮û취˺˹ȥĺס
ûлʦǰֶɽ١
֮ͶѣʵҲ֣ҲӦ̫ӵ͵ϮƾŹȥ⣬Щ鷳ûΣա
ճҡͷʾⲻлתͷӢĳȹŮӣЦ𣿡
ǣɴתΪƹ
ãǺøô˼żΪʦһμ͸ɡ
ҲȺ״𻰣ָһһӨֱֱ֣ɴüġ
ʦ

ɴͬʱ󾪡
üڣǵ޻ޣȫǼΪҪڣֻҪΪΣѨ
ճеĽ⣬ϰԵֱܸ֮꣬ܵõһּǿһ˿⣬ɴ»ٲ
һȫڼʱһûгأʵҲزס
Ž֣͸оԼȫ÷ֺԵɴҲ΢С죬ָͷҲûһ£Ȼͬ
𼱣ֻǼ񣬲˵ϱġԺ׵ĲξٶճҲΪ⡣
׻˵ϱԼףζϱȲϵɴȻ
һᣬɴŴâ˹ȫǾϲ͸мһݹлʦ̵
̫֣ԼˣˣɣȻȥٻ԰ˡ
ճЦЦҲ˵ǰһ̤ƶˣռѿһӣתʧ
սƷҪȡ̫ϵӦÿȡˡ
ɱھȴһ׮£ȴǽӦУһ꽫ҪϮ

״ճӰӸӣԼǿʦȴǸӸѲ⣬ԽԽ׷ϡ
й⻪ɴĵԼʱһѣʧЦҡͷ̰Ĳˣʦͱܶ࣬ҸҪ˭ǿ
ʦոոʲôˣܸ˵á
ɴȻһɫףλʵǿǧ򲻿ΪС
ţʦжգܴº֮аȫȫԮ̵֣ϽˡЩһ·ɱ֣ǽĪɣôҲΪеġİɣ衣
ǾͺáɴչһЦҲѹֲסͷ˷ܣ֪𣬺ףոǵ֮󣬲֪ΪΣͻȻ˹ȥӾ⣬Ұѹȥ֮Ϊһ壬ʡʮ๦ʵ̫ˡ
˵ŻͷһͳһĿ֮ȫϣܡ
ǣϻ͸Ų಻̣ȥ㲻䡣
ôܣѹȥ֮У
״ΪһֱɴһСľͻɢƫƫڵ;ѡ񣬾Ϊ£Ҳǲ岻ֵġ
û뵽ʦʩΪȻˡ
ɴϹĸԺ꣬Ѿٹ̣ٸ޵ͲܣҲôҲѧȥԭڡ
ƫƫ᲻÷ȥӾ
ʵϣⱾ䣬Ϲ߱仹Ҫǿ࣬δܴﵽĸ߶Ȳͬն
ѧҲǣѧҲǡ
ЩӣȥӾѾΪɴħˣѹظƣԺ󽫻һƬͨ;ǰ;
ȫǸмԼǰ¶ķ̬ɺǺա



1690 һ޳ܣϣ
ճߵúܼǲ׺ɴһᣬھһս֮ҪսƷ
ǰΪʱ䣬ڹھ֮ǰȡʯ̥Ȼٿ̥֮һùھʳ
һ仰ݣǾ֮֮
ھõʯ̥ΪԼûаƾ豾ʵԸճҪ赽ǿ˵С
ͬʱҲǣסˣƣûѡõʱ룬ԼҲ˽ȥ
ճҴʯ̥ƾǿʶͷԳ˶̡
ھôţϾֻһѪޣͱȲϵޣճ˲׽ٲΣŷḻᾭԪˡ
ڷɵЭ֮£ǲף෽׼עѪʯԣھѵ˼ν࣬ʵϣеôͳɹˡ
Ҳֻǻ£ſԳɹ
û˴ţھȻһͬϵķȱҪǿǱҲߵ塣
ǣδѣճȫתͷĳ֮£Ŭֻ
ճ־糱ˮֻһСͰѹھѪеӡͬʱ̥֮гɵĨԼӡ
۾һգĸѼ
ӰֱҪĵˣ̥תֻһתۡ

컯«֮ϣͣפ߿գճֻǷֳһ˼ٿأ󲿷־ʯ̥֮ϡ
컯«֮ڣƵĽԱһƬɽȣż䷿ݣõúЩʣǹھ׼õġ
⣬õʱЯ֪ܲǡ
ӥǰѾŴʱȫȻŲôƽ
ſڷǰ̲ݵϣë˳ͷţһֻ˶ĸûаۿ̬
һʱһɵ֣Ϊ֮Ҳһɵɣ˴ɲͬǣûôҰģһֱľҵһִȱţϺӡ
ЧҵĶӹھճҲûа㷴˼ֻ˳ܡ
һεӵ˫ޣѾɹ׽٣ռԷˮһףȲҪҲҪҵķ߶컯«ʵ̫ǿҪҳֵ֣Ժӿ϶ˡ
ԱûôҲһѿ顣
뵽ӥԽ޾ɡ
Զĵطʯ̥ţѪһӿţʱʱĻеâ졣
ӥ̥ͷţڷϸ΢ı仯
΢΢һЩüһЩͷ˿˿˳ϵļ⣬Ҳھըһ̬˺ܴͬ
ȻȻǿȴǱ޳ͣȥԵ
Ĳ̥ͬȫͬˣְԵſ⣬ѾȻʧ
˵ǰɽҰ֮߳ıԳʱǷǣ֪ʧѧ峵Ĳ塣
¶ġ
ӥ֪Ϊξ仰ȻǾ̥֮Ͽ˵תȻ¡
ھܵòԩƾݵ̣Ͳ˲ֹһͷƴһסһС
֪ģӥʧѾĵĵ˼ֻ֣ԲӣһգգĿʯ̥Ϊĳλ
ֶΣӥ˵ģھִӡѪϮǱĬֶǰΪ˵Ǹʮ
ѪǰѶԷ˼άͬ׳ȻҲԼķʵر˷ʱ䡣
ɹˣҲرĵӦ֣Ҫĥϡ
֮󣬾͵̥ȫ߱ǣһԺ֪ʶ棬õֲټʯ츳Լǿսû㯡
õİ֣ʯ̥׽أսʮǿᣬͬʿǰֻ˱ᡣ
ӥһ԰̾Ѿû˵ִЩڴԺԽǿԽȫٲŹھһ㣬㱻˴
ճɨԱߵĴӥһ¶Էѱ֮⣬ȻǷĵס
ɵЩ࣬һ̫ˣҲ֪ôΪ°˴ɵģ
ֻҪһӥķƣЩȻ
ӥԸ񣬴򲻹ܣҲ׷ϣĺܸߣҲس
ңڻɣٶʮֿݣȷʮѲ
ܹռ䴩֮ǰκζֶַͷۡ
ճʯ̥Ȼֻӥǰ㣬ֻΪ˸еĲٿʹսӡ
Щǿġ
ôģʯ̥֮ܡ
̥һ˿Ź⻪ϣÿһѨ֮жӴ
ⲻõĽֻ̿ҪŪ̥ϵʡܶ๦ܰÿһѨö°빦
һ㲢١
ճѾɵ˫ӿȪѨԱ߲֪ڣڣֻҪ׼ȷǱܻԪóسɴı
ڴ֮ϣصĸ׻Ϣ
컯쾭֮УѨϱΪؼϡ
ԴĴϣûпоʲôһɣճ̾͸оԼ˷츲صı仯



1691 һ޳ܣ£
ճ֮ʮ￪һҶҡŵƷӶﹴճҶ״˲ݾкŵˮݣСҧĺۼ
Ŀȥǰûڵ֪ԼܿԶ
վڸϣ֮һֻӶƤϵĻƶܿ
ʯ̥ϣƼò˵һ쿪뷨ȴô˳졣
ճŰ취ġ
ÿһϴȻƣϸ΢ȴǲͬΨһģϵĹãϤĸоٰʯ̥뱾ơ
ͬѨȻҲ᲻֮ͬĺôˡ
һ㣬ھģΪ겢δǿܹƿĵزֻչһɾͣʵȻǿȴ֪Ϊʲôǿ
ճȴǿԪֽһڡ

ӥ֮УһģһİӰͻȻͬʱЦЦף޻
ǾŰɫ۵棬ء׺Ϣɽһ㣬ԽԽǿ
ͬʱ컯«һӣ߲ӿмӿۿɼģǾ߲ʹâһ˴ϴŹâ
ӥУӰԽԽǸߴɽһѹͷ
һѹ𣬰һͱѹſϣ֫鴤
ˣֻһͻɡ
龰ӥ˫ֻԼôУȫù
һͻףΪھʾޣһλ̬ȫѭ򽥽Ծʽ
ɾɣֶɹ˲׽٣¼仹ж𣿴˵У֮󣬾лɹ׽پŲ㣬ɾ񡣡
뵽ӥĵıÿȡ
Ǵִȣǽȡ
ɾǸ˵Զʥܹﵽ־֮⣬ѾмԶʱûܴﵽһˡ
ǧҲֻ̫ϵЩӽϾɾɣɹ˽٣ǱͺľˮɣھŲ׽ûдȥ
̫ϵΪ˲ڱӰҲԾһӣǬһļϣֶԸʥش¡
ͬΪʥصǼ£ȻԼ̫ˣֻҪռ֣˳ͻ
ϹʥҲսսأɨƽ˻ģͳȻһͻƣ뷨ҲΪ
㲻㣬µԸˣõôȴԼǱ̡ˡ
Ǭ˴ǣѹɣڵõһЩͬʱҲ̼˰͵Ϯֻ˽ꡣ
ʱٶɾŽȻڲòת
ӥϢͨЩȫ֪
ףһս֮ͻϣʵѾССǬʵ̣пЦ
ͳһӴһʥأ޿ң෽ıĬĬ﷢չڵΪ״ﵽεȵز˭Ҳ²
ſ츳ӵжԷ̣߱ͷ͸¶Լĵ
µ
ˣǬҲֻһ˿ȡʥʹҵɾ
ǰλȴѾһ̤żϡ
֤ͬǧ£ӥĿģĪ

ճЦЪĬĬһ⡣
ּ֣ȫϵֶΣǷھת֮ϣʵҲõģͬתתѨϸûĲʮ־޴
ô˵ҵص䣬ʵֻǻлӦãӦþʦͽڿഫôսôϷǸҸɵĲ֮ˡ
ȷĴ򿪷ʽĻҲʧȥ˴ڵ壬κһõؼǿǻҪʦʲô
ΪԭճŻԸҸɸ湦ؼġ
ЭݷܴмȡӪٳɳһ㣬Ǳ˺һ顣

ģС׶ûɡָһһŨīֽϣĿ᰺ɽɫĻ棬⾳ȫޡ
üͷϸǺһӣ̾һһӶûˡ
ģС㣬ɵȻնأʮλȫನԪΪƽˡ
С׶أӦǸϵ̫
̫ϵ񾩳ǾӪվãһЩӣǱֲ˵ģвסӣճûнֹȥճţһ취С㣬û뵽õϢ
Щ̵Ŀ壬Сھâֳâǹʯ̥һˣ̥ߣھɷĩ
˵С׶죬龪С㣬ǰѾɣҲЩЩ֪ſ
ˣ㣬ҳȥߡЩãȻ
̫ϵΪ߸ϣͬӣѾһȥˡ
С׶Ϣ֮࣬ȫõĳλϧʵӦֽˣǿʲôزѾûи
˴ӦѾ벻κɿ
ԽǹʾȣԽǺǲӶԼ֪ʲôһ㣬úܡ
ΪסΪоʮ̧ȥˮϴĻ԰Ѥۡ
ѵԼֻЩһ㣬Ժ֮У˹Ͱ棿
һڻ㣬ȻЩ׳־ĵľɢȥˡ
̫ϵʹϡ٣ܹ£ƾľѧͨ쳹أЩΪƾ֣ԼֻһŮˡ
˴֮УͻȻһתͷȥͼŴһЦеǰɶ
Ӯˡ
вһͷСŮһ㲻Ѵﵽ̫֮ϵô𣿾Ҳûʲôˣ
˭˵ûа̫ϵǧʥأ书ֱͨ񣬼ôúܡ
ճͻɣûдϢ
˵ףʵҲʾƣ̫ϵûǰҪֻǽѣ𾴾ƲԳԷơ
û˵ôݣϾҪ˼ҹӣɶġ
ʵ뿴һ̫ϵصģ˷һĿꡣ
ͻɣѾ˶㡣
Ҳֻͨһϡ
ɳε۷壬ֱգɲǰ˴ؿڣ̫ϵֻҪǵĵ伮ʯ̥оԼͻͽ
ʯ̥һôǾȻֻҪһ˿ܣޣ̫ϵΪ̥Ϊ壬ܿͿԴﵽ۷壬ա
ãԸķ䣬ȫӦ㣬Ǩҷһ޳ܡȴ޿κΡ
תҪĬд飬۽ͼһ⡣
纣˺ѿռڻ԰֮УСռ֮ھһƬ׺
ǧһ֣һõ¯׻ҪƬռȫࡣ
ǰıһ߰ϵâͬ˿ϸСѸײڶ֮ƣնĲ



1692 ˵ɱɱ㣬Զţϣ
ƿµĵձǭף䱾һġ
ϲãбˣ룬Ҳʧ
ڹֻҪˣŸֹԡ
ʱλ
ոɱУصУ̸Цƾ˭ҷɾ衣ңԽǿˣԽǻΪһоƿ֮С
ˣܷ飬ҲͻóٶһЩ
ȻԼбҪѡôһϼʱһֱḶ̌ܵľˡ
͵Ϯ᲻Եñ޳ܣ
ںܶǰѾûУʣµֻбǿǿٱǿԼóһЩվ۷塣
ȻòϣҪ͵Ϯɱ˲ΪǬ۵ΪԼĶĳλϡ
ճٶ֣Ӱ̫ȴû뵽Էһֱڰٻ԰УȥˣҲֱ˺ѿռ䡭
Ԫ׹ܹԪռ䣬Ҳ׷ϵġ
ƻʱʱ޲ʳŲˣ׷϶ԷǾá
ԶԶĿţֱھͷɵҲڶԷ֪Ҳܵȴȥˡ
õлʵ۴ʱѾ
ŲƫƫҪ񾩳н꣬λɱ˻ʼҵַɵնɱ˻۰˽ӣүȲˡ
˺ܶ࣬Ψû᲻ʧ֡
ʱͳ۵ԴΪʥ
Ტۡ
ԴԲ֮дȶƴɱûеڶܽ
ʮǰµһ̫ϵΪ˽ٹɣΪҲﵽ֮ǱһնӴֻٴת١
ʱ򣬹޸ոͻɣΪ޵;ΪطǬ
̫ϵһսֻ̡֪֮ɲ⣬ȴû֪һڰ׵
̿£ڼ⣬Ҳǿ󣬵ΪЩ˸ԼЬ䡣
ɱɺͻȻĹ԰¡
ܹ׵֮£ҲˣסͬҲܡ
޻ͬһ磬ɢһ˿֮ʱ¶һ˿б׼նͶƬ֮УûаһȻ
ͿԽռ䣬նճߡ
һΪڰɫغ¯
еԲѾﵽ۷棬ʮԶƾ⣬ܴݻǡ
Դͻ֮ԼĵŽأżȻһι˶ɽ٣غ¯һ֮Уر仯
ݻ£ͱΪСҲǹʮԭڡ
ΪһУٲǵĵǴ˴˷籾Դ䱾۷
˵׶ܲݰﱾԴϢܴգַ֮˲ΪǸ֮ٲѪĽ棬Ƕعá
ʵʵȻ־绹ԶȴѾӵ֮һ˿⡣
꣬Ҳƾһ͵ϮΪǬɽ˺պչ͡
غ¯һƷ˿ϸĵâǵ⣬Ҳ׹⣬û˿ֻĻ
ԪѹٻΪϸ˿ǰһɽԼҲһƬ
¶һ˿ⳬ˵˼άתֻһ֣Ѿն˶ֵĲ
һ̣߻׹ͻȻǰ½ɾ͵֮ͬһ㱻â

âһ֣ճЦˡ
ͻ׽ٰ˲֮󣬱ʮ֪츳ǿһ˼ĵزڿºڣ˷ûκһ˿͵ϮԼ
޵ĿӸоͣı任ŷλŵĶ⣬ֱӷӳ
ǰճֻ֪е˴ڣֵ֪ǿʲôʱᶯ֣
ڣܰѸ֪Է˵λ㼯ѪԪһ׹⣬ݻΪ
ǺܲĵСļɣӼ򵽷ɷ򣬴һΪٸΪһѿռȫѹһ㣬Ϊ˿ߣж֮ٺȻ
Ѿһ˿̣
Ľʵһ֮Ҳס
ճͷϵĹܽᣬһеڡ
ûлͷҲû˿ӱ۵Ķһɫ֣ӳʵأ˲һ빥ɫϵۡ
ͲȻ͵Ϯʦֵܻһһ˺г͸ųϢ
һбں棬ǰһпݣϹײһûзκ죬ȴƺ
ⲻ񣬶ʵ
ʮԶڣɫУͻأһƬ磬ʵɽǳ̳ǳأ
Ϲ֮С
һɲǼ䣬ǳɽӵȺ޺źձѣһ׹ݻһС
һ̣⻯ӰϹ磬
Ž׹ִߴһ𣬵ɶ𡭡

ѪԪ׹Ѻۡ
忴һ¡
޵ĵƵȻֻһнķͻﲻﲻնĽ⣬ֱնɱ֮ϡ
ֹӿռ䣬Ӿ룬Ķ⶯㹫𹥻һҲǶ㲻ȥ
һˣֻˡ
Ϊ壬ǹ޶ˣǰನڰϣԴɽѺĹֻǼһ⵴Էİ¶ûиѰ㡣
޵У˫
͹ˣΣաףɵβûоסƷΪһӰСԲڰֻһ
ͬ컯һֻΪռΪͣû˺ѿռĶξʧ
˳ٶȣٶȻҪ졣
ճһƣʹ׷ͷǰѾû˶ֵӰӡ
ããܵٶµڶû˸ҳƵһ
͹ճ﹫ʹãʱоЩޣ컯Ĺȷһ˿컯˼ڣȻֲҲѿʵá



1693 ˵ɱɱ㣬Զţ£
ճȻİأȴûȥѧϰ
ԼбҪΪһֻܣӮӣôԼĸݰ
ٴμλһٰʮŴϵɸóǱССľһ¡
κιпȡ֮ԼǲЩСˣ
һЩеûģճȴû˿Źֵ˼
תֶζóˣһ˵֡
öˣǺûӡ
ӵҲ£˴ɱ֮󣬲ܷ֣Ǹ߱ˣĴ󵨵ȥɱɣɱҲΣգҲ׷
ˣҲû˿
ԺЧô죿
ԼǲǳԷ˯÷ŵ㣿
ӻˣ
ԣ
ճһۣӻ΢СԿţƺúˣЦЦϳڳǿףֳ̻齣һײʹƿռ䣬׷˳ȥ
С׶죬ҵͤȥƸߡò׺£죬С׶վڻ԰һǣ˫ֽǰƺûǰĽսѹæ

ٻ԰԰£ԭǻʼ԰֣ŻʹȻ̫Զ
ճβ׷׷Ϊ͹ĴβͣڤڤиӦһɴ̱ǵѪϢ֪޾ǰ
ǰһ
ǰľһƬĽȺ
ʱɢʱ֣Ů̫࣬ȥȥÿ˶ھӪԼĹϵԼ
ܵٻ԰ɱң˵ӵʹӵ칬Ҳ·һճнâһһж顣
ǿһΪĵĵط
һϢ翺ƴ죬һϢǿءƽгศɡ
ճһ뵽Ƭ̣˿ˡ
ǿڻʹ֮УֲŶʮʢһЩϡֲں󹬸ۼڵصס
ȻеعӦþǬµİˣֵлҪࡣ
ճ΢΢Щ졣
ӡУǬʳûжʥɼ֣ڿˣǵع֮У߰λʥ
תһ룬Ȼˡ
˵̣˵̫ԪҲɣʥ
ܹ̫ڵµĻʵۣȻҪǿࡣ
Ͼһʵۣ£²Ƹʹ֮оͿΪһǿɡ
̶һ˲䣬ճͿ˺ܶණҲһЩࡣ
ʲôʥɣʵûＤ㲨ǰӴܵĹޣĵƴľˣעĻǵصһ޴޷ݵ塣
һС硣
컯̡ۣ֮˶ʮʱ佨սǻʹɱУҲ̵ĵơ
ѹһֱڵڻʹ֮УͲǰɱ
ճ΢΢һЩ裬жȴû˿ɣϰҫǻԣâͬһʱâһѪ纣糱Ѫɷ֮˫죬һ죬оͳһǹ
ճͺһǹ˾ͻΪӰǳռ֮УܿԼԼӰӣǹâ棬һϸ΢֣Ϣľ͵ޡ
޼ɱһϵһ
ס֣˻ʹҷں󣬾һ޺𡭡
𴦣Ƭʹ߿մһܵĿռ࣡һ죬ǷƱɨɢɷɻҡ
֮УһϾߣŽ׵ѿճ֣ճǰ˫ƽǰȻתһ
һ޴̳֮С
תطռճ̡
Ĵ޵Ҫһвڼȫѹޡ
ʼף֣ճЦһ̫ʦ㵲סҵģ޼Ȼҳִɱң͵ľ򡭡
ԺѹյһƣճǺЦһͱùӰ·ڿռ϶֮У黹ʵ
ڳǹ浴Ѫ棬̳һ磬Ŀռ̵֧顣
ƴǹӰ£ֻǼ˰
һʱ֮䣬ǰȫճâӰӣûܿóǲ֮УǷֲڻʹķ
ʵм޼䡣
ս޼ɱʤǿǧϬɱڹھϻʲôճ֮ޱȵֱ׷´ɱսˡ
Ȼǿ϶ʮ⣬ŻʼȻճӰӡ
ֻǰĶֲʵڣǼ
˻棬޼ɱ⡣
ճâǹһ֣ͱǹâһѴ̵˹ǰ˸ӳճǰ׹ǿ΢΢Щ԰׾
Ѿοռ䣬λǣǵǹâȻֺһָоϵ£޴
ҲûӵԶԶӳʹÿռ䴩ڤڤǣҡ
뿪ʹûǬ̺ͺڳǣ»ø졣
˴ˣǨǻɸΪ񲯰ɣҿԸһǰ̡
һϴɤ
֮УƬչâת߲⻯Ϊһ޴ӴӡޱȺظ߹㣬콵١
ǧǧૣţţÿһӰȫǿȺͳݡ
˶ʤ졭һǿȻѹ£ճоƬռƺڻʹ֮⣬Լ·ѾδڣҲڹȥ
Ȼռѣδ۾磬Ǭֻ׽٣ĹȰ˽Ҫǿϲ٣Ϊ˴Ǭ֮
֮каοǻʵۣճȻ֡
ǹƲ䣬СС«âһһŰۡӰ
ӰһԾգһȣ̻齣ն¡
ƴմӡзֳ롣
ʯ̥һ֣Ÿ֮
ͬһʱ䣬ճͷһƬâʮһգһתͳ־ŸֳֽӰ٣źֳ
޴³ֲһ˲䣬ͱŵӰնƬϻʼŵڿգס壬նûĽûֻܷ
ճֶȫӭս̡ޣһ粽á
⻪䣬šꡱһ죬޷嶸Ȼܾͣ˾ƬʹһƬ
Ŀ֮£Ԫ׹׵ĸߴദһ޴Ŀնѱһ˳ǹض
ճǹһѪɽ˵ɱ͵ɱ㣬Զš


1694 Ȯϣ
䡭
ʹٵ׹𣬳Ƶ֨֨¸УƺһȻڸա
Ĺӳʱȫľԭأоһɾ޴ѹѹͷֻûʹǸʹȴ·Ѿء
ÿնҪʺĳ
˿ŵһĻ
ǿͽ󵨿ͽڴǬʹ֮лײɱ¾ǣǡ
״ˣСûȿˡ
񣬴ԼҶӵС¡㲻ʲôˡ
һǹͱѪİ׹׸ʲôˣΪϼˣЩ˽ġ
֪λʮǰɾɵġʥǬζʲô
ұۣǳưµĵ̡
㲻ͼʶĴ𣿷﹫ȥԶм£ʱ»˰ɣ֪ҪָܻΪѾʼת𣿡
Աһ˹
ȴԪʱЦ͸żڽȻԻʺ
ģȴԼе𺳡
Ǭʹ֮ǺεȵգĳĿĽзȨ
Դӽ֮ʲôѰһ˿ᣬƽóֻһƽŮǰ㱻ʺѹסʱʱıһ
ǻˡ
ΪǸɫĺɣ
ԽǴþˣԽ֪ﲻƵء
һλʺĿɽº͵·﹫£üһҵֺŻʺ󾫲ʵ飬ʮ泩
ʺһЦϲŮҪ̫磬󷨿֮컯֮ۼӳ֣̫ʦʵԶǿͽʱߣѾ߲
Ȼʺһ䣬ͼƬʹȫӨӨĹâ̺ͺϣŹҫۣϳ̫
һԶ߿գŷٳҡҷŹβ
˫۽¡¡УײŸһ˾͵ճڼױǰ֡
гһͨ쳹صľ޴̣طžݣ΢΢ת䣬ռѳɷۣһӴʶţҪǰȫ顣
ɢ۵ľŸѹ֮£죬ȫѿ
ǬȻЦݣȴʮֱ䡭
һ֮ϣ޷ԶһƺȻѹ¡
򣡡
һӰ󴬣ͻأ˳ֻһ׳֣ƬʹѱԪ޴棬ȫѹ
˵ȫɡ
ΧԪϣԹѷ죬мһ죬ŰȻ¡
û˭ỳɣһƵ
λ㲻ֽ飬Ҳᱻ̵մӡ
컯֮ǬۿľӪʮĻʹ󣬼˶ľⲻڷ׵
վڰٻ԰ͤϣ΢΢ǸȦףӦΪ׼壬һˣһţ̺ͬսթ
֪֮࣬ΪΣϾֳ
С׶һ࣬ʵС㣬ڵ𣿡
ޣҵǼһʲôץ˹ǽأʲô
˵ģɫܲÿС㣬ܺ˰ɣС׶Ʋһͣ㿴С̹һҲģЦأҲ֪ģһѾǡ
ףʲôС׶ĺͲشͻȻһȻסˣǸƲķ
̫˼ʥŮʼʶ㣬Ҳûܰ컯֮ۺʹǬĺ
Զʹ֮ϣʯ̥ûʲô仯ǰ̻齣һŹĻϼһ㣬޾Ӵȫи顣
ֻĽȦԽԽСС߷ԲǽԽԽƺʱܱͻƣѹ촷ۡ
仯âϡ
ľŸһΣ»ָͬʱ貽⣬һûڼӰڡ
֮䣬ǺڼӰξͼǴһɣɣɣΪɡ
֮ϵѪѾʧŨŨĽɢͿһᣬ֮顣
̵մӡǾ߾޴ħ֮ϣžһһСС̻ûκս
ֹӡֻǴ⣬ѱ١
գ
񣿡
ʹڶŻӺ͸֣ʱ󷨼ӳ֣Ҳû˿
ֻŸ߿վг
ħ޴̫ǿ
ܣԶûﵽ˾磬⹦ȫĹ϶ܳ־áȵ
ϾӢ֮ʣֻ΢һңѶ



1695 Ȯ£
۹ⲻԸǣʱٶ̣ҲѾ㹻ˡ
ճƽһ
һâǹͱϸ̣ھ޴λ֮£һתֱ졣
ء
ǹΪХ
Ѿǿ磬ʱճϫ
ֻһںۼþòָܻǿռ䱻飬ȻƬգ类иĶ˴
ûʲôʽֻٶȵͳһ
˵ˣճ޴󻯵ĽóĲʲô湦ؼˡ
ӰҴȴŴ칬ơ
һ졭
Ʋţʼ׹âʢٶһƣ֪Լס
žһĹ˶ߡ
ߵθոնգͱһ˳ʼ۳ɹŹֻȣһ罦һƬѪ
Զûһξһ㣬ವһֱԶգɳʮ
ףȻûдױâҪã
ճЩˣǹھâִѱĭﻹıɡ
ֽŵĺۼȻ˹ۣɢȴû˵
ƣٻܴ
ճǲǹϴζԸھʱѾף͵Ȳ˵ƼʮԵסϼ㼶
ִÿƵڹףöЧʡ
Ǭʹ֮ƣճʵԤϡ
Ψһû뵽ǣ̺˱и˴֣컯֮۵İƷ˳
ǵģǰƷеĺѾ£ʵʵڵһʵС
컯֮۱ճͲ򣬶ֱӳˡ
Ϊƾʵû취ơ
ڵǿһԶԷĳɫ
ͷ
ճһɺҲȥ׷£
޴âǹճһιӰصһͷ̵ͷ䡣
ס
ɫλʮأûţо鳹˿ơ
ԷǸʵ֮ǿԶԶԼ֮⡣
ʧʧˣȥͽ˼ֱ޷졣ĪЩ߸ϵ̬һӾʧ١
뷨ʵûҪףҪģôסԷĹ
ХһͷϾŵȦתͬӰӡŵӡ
մӡľƣ̸оգͬһʱ䣬ʵ۴֮һԾͷ
䡭¡¡
һαںƾҪˣֻһɫӰɫ۴֮ϣըڿУһס
˷ӿ˻
󷨻֣һЩʵ΢ĹŮ̫࣬ҡҡλεһͷڵأµ󻩵һ
ʺ󾪿ֵĿǰۣµŵҲ
Ŀ컯֮ϸСѺۣ
ѱ˰ϴȻҲˣǾŵմӡһһ㣬һɢˣû赲סɫ޹ֺ
ͷƽڣ۵ߣͬؿںݺݴһȭһѪ죬Ȼʮʹࡣ
ʺۼ⣬ܿλǬ۽ǡ֣ǿ״ȫʳѪ
˵ˣѪ
£ʺȫֻվȡ
һᵽɤˡ
Ҳ˼ֻǾ㵵ĶŸ߿һĻ΢ţ˵ȴڱб֪
ôǿ󣿡
ȫͷ
𡭡Ǭ̱ߵŭһдһ˿ʣֽӡ
۹âһޱȵĻʵ۱¾ʧڿС
ԶâһڷͣĺΣҲͬһʱʧʿ֪Ǳ컯֮۽ˡ
Ȼֱˡ
ˣ
ˣ
ڹ⣬ǧˣĿռżţһؼë
ոճعٸ֣æס˺ת´˽ȥͷðˣ¸߿еĳλԼ
Ϸֹ죬ʵԲһ㣬ûüսء
ճЦһλָԭ״ˣָֻ˰ģüһƬȻˮ
ƺոյĴսûＤʲô
Ȯ
Цȴصڹڹ⣬ȫ
һʱ֮䣬ǳض֪Ǻá
ⳡսͻȻִϣûãҪôעҪôӦԺľơ
˭뵽ѹµĴǬʵ۱ºͺ̫ʦˣȻһᱻϳܵзâ
ǰô˵ùѪͷҲõ
һĻǰݡ


1696 ̺òãϣ
˿ճȴǿнâһ·𿴴صĿռ䡣
̺ͺ컯֮棬ڲ֮УδԶ롣
ھ޴֮£ͻָһ˿
ճɣԼܱǰļ޹תתûʮ˹ǴƵġ
ʵϣֻתɵһɼǿķǳ֣ܳͬһĥѹԼ˷硣
һָܸо
⻹ֻų⣬ٴȥ»콵ףԴߡ˵סԪҲǱƲѣΩһ뵽ʵð취Ͷ̥תΪ
ڴ˷˴ճҲû̫
ʾ⡣
ԼһĿˣ˼Լ˺ɱܻӭҲ
ԼʵǿܰҲܰмȫۡ
ڲǻ
Ҳֻعˡ
һֱûȥҪһ֮ȥԿĹ򼯺塣
ǲ¸ңɵӣӮҲˡ
綼飬ʲôô
޷Ƕɱ
ճ˶컯ۣ֮Ͳȥᣬµļһܿƣһβã͹ӱܣðա
ǵ˼ҲԣǴ򲻹ܶùô档
ճûҪѴǬô˷ĿѾɡ
ȥӾδѾ⣬컯쾭֣ܴеõ̫ϵ伮յĵ·Ҳˣɻ
ճҲš
ⲿȫ֮ʮնɹŲ׽١
걾ǿ󣬸һ·ﵽͬľ磬ʱǻһ·һ顢ӡ֤Ϊû̫Ѷȡ
ȥʹ֮лûõĶ̺ͺҲǷɱɡ
˵ˣʮϹ㣬ʵȹ޻Ҫǿֹ컯֮ӳָ֣ҲǿЩɱ
̸ֻǿ
ԼȻܹѹǣҲԴˣҪɱȴҲǰ׵顣
컯֮ѱ˰ǿ󷨱ȷǰƷҲһ
ʱϾֻɣգҲ񡭡
Ȼֻǽڣʵ໨һЩֽɱ
ĿǰµҲȽ⣬ԼĿ֮󣬺ܿͻ뿪ǣĪϼȴûɡ
־ãȵ
ǬϻһֱʢȥԼµĻպλպ󷢴òԼ顣
ֳȻλҲô˷ΪԼĴӪԺҺӵܣҪ֮ãõʵӪ
ʵΣջɿأȥֱأ
ţѾͷҲԽӦûܸˡ
ǧͷһճɱȫָֻ˵žģٲȥǿʮֿľˣҲܻʹĵĳԹȺڡ
ɱûô鷳αأ
Ҿһúƽ޵ʿճ룬⡣
һУһ
һɨȥ˿ƬŰƴС۵Сֺͼơ
컯쾭ƪ¾
аûǺмֵ
ճû飬֮Զλʥ׷ᣬǵɱŸģһԭͽ𣬶ԷɱԼȣһԭԴһ²ˡ
һ󷽵ľԵʮصģܵõ컯쾭ȫ컯̫ϵʹµһЩ伮޳ɣԴ
ڸոճɾɣͻͻʼס
һίζ޷ûѵ顣
ôΪһĵΣ
ճڿˣһﻳдŵ컯쾭ƪԭʱʱš
ǹˣȻճˣֵ
컯쾭һճӵ¹͢һۣЦЦתȥ
ﻹ̫ϵҪ֣ʱȫˡ
˺һᣬвһƬ
ڴкݹ

ǬʹһսĳЩ˵飬񾩳еͨ˵˯һ֮󣬾Ӧòˡ
ʵϣҲҲ
̫𣬻ʢɢ¥Ӫҵʹڵ糯ҲͬС
ûĳЩһ㡣
߳ȥֵϸû̸ǰһս²⣬ǣҲֻĵס
ǱϾǻʼҵĳ衣
ճͤ԰ٻʢ̺죬Īϼһһûһ˵Żʮ˷ܡ
֮⳯УǸһĿˡ
һȥ֮󣬾ͻ̽ת˵Ǹ㼶ܸߣջĻܰεľ棬˵Ҫճһ裬Щڴ˵



1697 ̺òã£
ճȻ˾ЩҪĪϼ˵ףɹģӦ֮⡣
һУȻԼܵһŮڴ˷磬ôҪ·
ǰĪϼܿճе˼һЩҲԽԽ֪ڱУҲᡣ
Ϊû٣Ԫ۷֮󣬾Ҳ֪ôˣȻ˿
ǣһ׶Σͻǰ·
ǣܹһֱ羫ܸһ
׼ȷ˵ߵʵǸ˳ѵĵ·Դӿ֮ãȫеһߵľλĵ·
˷ֱϣԽǿԽǿ
һ죬ܿ쵽ԶҲᵽ
Щ¶λ洩ԽĵײʿȫҪֻ̫࣬ҪŬʵλԼúãѶҸҲ͹ˡ
ǣĳЩڽ˵һСˣͲôˡ
ò۷壬˭Ըⱻԭأʹϣľͬࣿ
ֻһܸģ
̫ϻףꪵͬһоҲûɡ
תһ꣬ĺҪ
ĪͷʮֳľٶҲܻǵ֧֣Ϊ
̫ϻʵϽͷˣ˵ճͷϣԭճĪͷıڵ࣬ʺת
Ԫ˵ôһǵһҵ˸ߵȼ磬Ե̫ѵãôҲܷŹġ
һʵѾ˱˺档
֮УһСѰʺԼ磬ض
緽ţĳλϵ֡
ԣҲǲѣٲȡóɹҵͳζȵ
ȻֻչֳսҲһġ
ͻ֮Ȼȫչײ㼶Ͼȥˣݽ겣óֶΡ
Ȼͬľ磬սͬ
᲻ΣգĪϼ죬һ衣
ģˣҷڶ࣬ǿͶ̥ת˳Ҳû̫աճЦ
⵱ȻǼٻʵϣܶණ
а˾鶴
̫棬Ӱɲһ㣬ϿԵ
šĪϼЦģֻϲ
ǺܺúƵģͿԡ
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1698 һ̾Ϣϣ
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ڲ֮ͬʱоԼ죬ǵأֻҪͶ㣬ƿһС
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տʼʱȽϼѣ˺棬ӦѰҲѨϵٶԽԽ죬ƺڴ˷ضĳ򣬿ϵĳΣͣ
ʱһԪ֮֮ǿԼЩţֻһȭƬնѡ



1699 һ̾Ϣ£
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ոĩٰľʵ̫ˣΪͷȴû뵽龪һ
ĵָסؿڣ·ҪѹؿȻڿࡣ
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1700 Ȼ·ϣ
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ֹҲˣǷ˵ʱ񾩳ǷԲ֮أƬȫ飬ҹ֮С
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ᱻĪƣĪУջø³һжıˣĪɢҲԽԽ
޳δôһ˼ʧããʱ֮еһЩ磬ճЩȻСԴЦȻȥѧԺǾ͸Өȥλɣʱʲôۣǧޱӡ
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1701 Ȼ·£
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ӵġлӨЦĵճٻŮ翪ʼϰԵӣ֪Էľ
ûʲôΪºԼܻõô
ȲҴһЩ飬Զ֮ٴӽɡ
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Լ˲ʱ͵ص㣬ԪֺǺǵĸǶȥ

ٺüȥ֮ǰճȥһҡ
ÿԴׯ԰ճżֻ㱣ƺֿ£һСŮıǰߣ߽Ǵ֮ڡ
챾ļ䣬Լļ䣿ճЩֲ
ȥ֮ѾܾûɽٻŮǲͬʱ٣˵Ѿʮꡣ
ʿ˵˰ǧ꣬ҲЩоȴĵûơ
Ҳֻϸϸܼ𵱳˿
ȻзĽŻݣļܣ֪ǲʩʲô
ͬһμһ㣬飬ճӭ˿Ȳ裬ϹƷźѷŽй
Ѱͨ˼ҵͨһУ
ǰȥҪӽܲ˽ԹͲҪԹǷȥɲ⡣
ŶҲȥ𣿡
ճȤһԪǲûҲǲ֪Ҳǲ˵
ţһһط󹦵ˣΪõһԵɽأͥɡţ̣ҲǸطͻ׵ġ
ƺ˵̫ϸ
ԽһֻǼǸıɽһǣֻ֪Ӿ֮أȻҪʵǿ̫̽
֮Բ˵ϸ㡭Խ磬һӡҪԺֹЩԵһгɼˡ
һ㵹ģճͷǡ
֪кܴΣգûеӷһ˵ԭõֵϺûԵʧ
ʱ򣬴Ĳֻһпǳĵ·
һᣬճǣһż㡣
ġ
ǰ߹εĽֵ棬ճŷ⣬оͳһ⣬ס
һŰȹŮӰ֣Ϳճв
죬벻ɣҲˣģţЩӻһſµġҲ̫ˣþúþö˵һλеġ
͸˿˿У
겻ճ֣ĻëѾͷѾ˴ˣͬĽͬü֮ȻһЩ浾
ճǽֳЦ⡭
˶ڳɳʵԸ
仯Ǽ䡣
죬Ǳһȣ˭ȽףֽȼӰΪӰɢ
ճţɢڿеľѡ
ãͿ˭ͻƣϣʱ㻹ǵԼ
˵ˣĳŴ֮ʵﵽףȻֽͣУһȥǰ硣
ڰ֮У׷ΪΪũҵ֮λ棬ҵĴӪҪ̫ɡ
ֻҪͰ࣬»ۡ
Ψһһ㲻õǣһɾͣͻᱻǣƣ뱾λ档
ôһ죬ͻư˽ףΪԭʼ飬ʱſڡ
ֺѡ
Щֱƻ裬һ׵ġ
Ȼ·
ճЩȻȻһЦλΪһ⣬߿գһ·򱱡



1702 Ծţϣ
һڰսһХ½Ծ
תѾˣôƣҲ֪ĸĴУҵĵҲ
Ͻңճ˷Ȼתͷ΢üͷ
оԽԽԶӦҲģκһжͬһδʱգܲһ㣬ʱ䶼Ťˡ
˵ˣƾűͷ֮ĪӦľ󣬲ʵʱͣ˾޴ӳ١
ӣû°ɣͶ̥תΣռģ˵Щɢ޵޷֮ʱ;ܳɹ߰һлӨĵ
ûʲôΣգӦǶ̫ǿ̫ȹ̣걻ѹסˡֻҪʵӦþû⡣
ճЦŰԼ˵Ĺǣһ˿˵ġ
ˣӨұѾȫͱˣȥɣּȻѾ֤ģǾͱʧˣļڣϣʱѾһ
һ仰ɲ˵ģ֮Уﵽ׺ڣǿˣ⻰ճ˵ǶлӨڴ
İɣһԵġлӨҲȥС
û£ȥ˾֪˵ΣգʵֻԱЩȸС
ճҡҡͷЦˣԼ֮Уʯ̥Ϊ˵޵УֻҪߵԵеĵزȫΧôҲΣա
⻰ȴ˵̫ףʧȥ˵塣

߲ǰճԪԪһ۳һ㡣
һ񣬸оһ˳ã֮УĴţķ
Ҳܷ
ճոͷ͸ӦĹͬʱɣոսɵ巽ͻȻɢ
ڽĵâ߲ʱֻ֮ͨһʧΪ֪١
ֻʣԼ׹һֱ䡣
ͬʱճǰһڣͱģһŨŨļ䣬ǰһڣʧȥ˸֪
Ͷ̥ǴԽʱյͶ̥󷨻ҲΪΣգѹһ˲
һ˼翵ĳ֮Уճ˹̽ʶӦԼխѨ֮Уȫεİţڡ
ż΢ѪҺƺڡ
ڣ壬ˣ
ѵѾͶ̥ɹ
ͷճͷԽȴоһʴ֮С
ԣûֽţҲḁ̊́СɷǹŹ֣˿˿滺ͬˮС
䡭
ͬ绮ʣճ˼˷ɢгһĻ澰
ʵϣͲǿ۾ģǵһ˿˼йܡ
ӴԪһĪĹѹסȫ
ҲҰת
ȻΪʲô֪ԼֻҪôһ̣ͻžһըɷ顣
˵ӤûɳʵʮС̫ܳ
ԣСӾͻƣ룬ʮ̰˯ʱ򣬾ǷһǿȥҲӲֻʱš
ȵС죬ŻԽԽ
飬ճ׼Ҳ˸ӦԷʽ
߰ܶ߰ɰ۴ޣѧĳЩ֪͵ļһһߣſ۾˵
ᱻ˵ִ
ܶ࣬ճȴû뵽ǰ
겢Ͷ̥һӤϣͶ̥һϣֻô
һˮеѣԱ߻һĺ㣬ſѪʳָô죿
ƫƫԼͶ̥ӶûʲôʲôΪʲôһ㶼ò
ôô죿
ߵȣͦġ
ǵģճɢϡӦУƬ̲ŵˮ֮УˮƮˣһƬϸɳ棬һƬӨѡ
Ա߻ŸɫСȱԶĺݣ䶯һƬɽְĺɺˮӳ֮£ƬҪȼ
Ǻ
ճһѾԼεء
ӴһΣˮӿţʮѱ𣬴ӲȥճС
ˣƽδйա
ճδԼݺ෽磬Ȼɥ㸹
һ£ȫӲ
Ͷ̥Ĺ֣ûгɳ֮ǰ겻ܳϣͷòѱ̵屻Ҳãã֮С
һֱճӲɡ
ʵڲУٻѾͷܲըˣȻһᣬһͶ̥ʧˡ
Ԫ˵أͶ̥ᱻⷽǿų⣬ħɱ߻ùˮ
Ȼ˵ÿţճЩţҲȫţ򲻵ѣǲġ
ֻ̫ΣˣЩģƲҲֻô
⻹ճžתЯ˽ӽ׵ʵͶ̥תһк֡
ףԪس硢˵ûеڶ·ߡ
ΣͷճǼһͶ̥ġͬ顱ĬҲ֪Ͷ̥ȥˣ
Ƭۺ֮УûиӦϤϢ
ΣԽԽճܿβݣһҪͻȻͣ
кһᣬ𣿡
̶ճʵûж䣬ˡ
ˮӿ䣬Ӱͬƥһţžһ죬ںɭɭ֮ϡ
ȺѪҺɽճоͼǺͷ类޴Уݷ׷ɣбһŹԲӶ޴ѹ÷˳ˮظس
ӴΣͬһ㣬ɾõɳȥ
ء
ƺǿȻˮβһڣͷ﷢æԶˡ



1703 Ծţ£
ܺһθӴĽɫ㣬ζ֮ʱβٶȼ죬֪ΪΣȻճһֽýĸо
ƬתʮȦͣĿͣ̽ԲԲ죬ѰճڵļʮСĵɵķƬϸɰ֮ϣҡͷβο
ðɣˣȻ˵ǳɾˡ
˭˵֮ͲܵģԺǺĵճȴһЩǡ
ֺԱ״̬ȷƽĴ
ÿЩı䣬ôأ
ţճͼһ΢΢һһɫӴϸС֣տʼʮֱ׾һᣬβʹСС˻֮䴩С
ԭ
ճһ͸Ӧϸɰ´΢ɲ͸ѣ彥ͱЩ
һ͸оͬȥһһ㱡ϸɴɴˮߣȻȻģβ˦˦ֱֻۻӶһ£ǰӰ仯

ͷˡ
ճһһȦϸС𣬲֪ΪΣȻЩ졣
ÿһȻ漣ص컯
мȵʳ࣬ȻҲ˶ˡ
Աһ㣬ճѧˮѧʳ֪ôܹա
ˮʮ֮ճѾ˰ƴСζ֮
һЩѧ뵽ˮУܹαΣ
ճϲԵʳʵһЩСϺСݣһҶƬķˮݣСǰ㣬ʱݸ
ѹұǳÿ죬ӪҪϲٰ
ճú֣ԼһЩֻҪһͻǣӴԪʶ֮г˯ò
£Ȼ뿪Ƭ٣ػ㰲ȫ
ʱԶѰʳʱʱĻϼȦճ֪ǲȦ̵˼ԵĲѾǡ
ǣ˵²ǳɾˡ
Ԫ˵һμߵ磬뵽ճͲˣɾʲô
ĵʮ죬ճҲȥˣҾѾʵ࣬Զһ䣬˽һ»
߲ǧף͸оǰһڣ˹˵һҧ£Ͱ˻ȥ
ڶʮ죬ճѾϸһ׼ҳߣͬ׽˻
ʮ죬ճˣ峤ϴС
оƬʳѾز㣬ٳߣСֻԶԶţû׽ȥ
Щֵܽãһ£ʱһֻǰƴϸ

ܼƷ෱ĸϺ࣬پз࣬Щճûʲôв
˳Ǳ£Ȼкǡȡ
ճ˵ʹöߣȻһһǿȴûаҪЩд뷨
ԭܼ򵥣ԼѧһЩķȫòϡ
ƤǣϣҪ֫ϣ
˭һһ
ûбİ취ֻǲͣĳԣͣΣԭʼķԵö˶ö࣬ͳÿ졣
ȻΨһֵҵǣĳɳһЩܷųһЩƣһͨôǿ˼άˣһ쿪ʼԱʹ
ٿóһЩ߰ʾľԻַˡ

һԴ˳Ӵ˫ðȺѪ⡣
ճһˮӣǻ趯΢΢һ٣ͣҿתߡ
ƾճһһεΣû취˭һ޶ĿĽأһͺܿɿڵӡ
һ·ճͷֱ粻Լĸλʲô磿ֻ˳ź׵ƽߵķλߡ
ԽԽߣӦź߰ɣճ֪Բԣûбķ
Ϊһ㣬Ҳҵ½أȷԼķλźýһƻ
ããԼܲһֱˮɡ
ңҪѰķţΪһ㣬Ҫʲôƾ벻ġ
ΨһЩοǣˮеʮֳ㣬ǿϰٱǧҲѹЩ೤ʮ־޴гɾġ
ϧǣ裬һ·Ȼûмһɾֻ࣬ܲ²ź̫㣬ԼķΧ̫Сûϡ
ף
һգճȻͷΣͻȻоһᣬҲһ˿⣬͸衣
һͣˮУıһɰţǰ
̧ȥͼǰһʮɿˮԼһͷˮ֮С
ϸСçĽ
죬ڸˣÿγֵķλһײ˻Ե
ɫӰ֮УôһԾһֻϺ
ճʹŤͷһۣĿɿڴϺô
ϺͷϺβ׳ֻǯˮлӰ֮ٶȼ죬ճʱڼԶ£ѵճԱߡ
ײôƾϺʮҲԾţֻǰæһѣҿ㻹Щ̫Ӹϣ˵ıһʿ
ӭܽˮһֻ̹˰Сзһƹֺ֮дų
Ӷɵǲǰæһɲ˵㣬ôţǲܣ
ʹϴβ֪˭Ķӡ
һֻзһֻϺòֺ
ճ˰βĵԶһЩ±
һˣͷ֣һ˷ͶϺȫ;޴
ƺһЩˮ弯Уǰƶ
ճ֣Դӽ⴦ˮ֮Լһ㣬ζȻȻľбϷȥ
߽ԽԽȥ
ֵܣǲǺ棬һɣ
һڶճͷһƣͼ˵һԲ죬˿˿硣
ðɣҲһ㣬ȴɫġСһЩҲСһСȽԼСԷҲȻ
ĹܹŹ֣㻹Ϻˮ˵ȻõǣճȻö
ֻСڣճҲ̽Եǰ
ҾȻҲ˵
ˮдȫҪʱ䣬ǾϢͨ
ճƺʲô
ֵȻ˵һ֪ǵнɫ
һ±˷Χճ˼Ȧ
Ȼһ˵Ҳһʮ˲顣
ճڹעԱһзһϺЦǣ˾Ǵ̣вɱģ򣬾ͻᱻˮӳȥҲ
ѹ֣һΪƢء
ճȻܳǧˮ壬Щʵȥģ
ԾŰ
˻룬Ҹ˵ֵһǧֻǿͺáԾһֻһλᣬٳһЩЩɡ
֪Ϊͬԭ򣬻룿һҲѾĵĸˡ
ԾʲôôԷµӣճҲЩ棬Լˡ
ôֻܴҪԾţػнˮڻһ˿Ѫų֮а̫ӰļÿһλԾŵˮ壬ᱻˮУɼǵ֮ݡ
һ˿ںɫˮĽճ²ŶԷǼ
ţǷ
ԭ·⡣


1704 鷲㣨ϣ
֪ĺԵĳųԣ˵ˮһᡣ
ʵỤ̄ǵļд󹦣ҲϹ£ĺˮһ߳ѻԵ
Ҳδ̫˰ɣҶɾˡ
ճˮ֮еˮ壬Щι״ģԼϲһϢԼҪǿ
һȥǧ֮ڡ

ȫ֣һһڣЦУˮУıʿƣսꡭ󣬴С岻һεֵʮͻȻԲǧӦԵȫˣֻмǧࡣ
˵䣬µˣǰ⡣
ճ̧ͷȥ־һƬʹҫӳƬˮɫɷǺÿ
ˣֵܵȻֻǿͺãǧĻ´μԣѾطټҲ
ճͷлĺ⡣
߹ˮ壬Юȿֺϳȥ̽
ӶɵϺʮȴǼһ߶죬һײţ죬ͬˮըӿ
ǰЩˮ֮лǻײҲû˭ȥȰܣԶ㿪һЩ±
Ҳǣ̹˴СײټˮþˣǱ֮ײٽԩ
˵ģٻ˷εĻԵ
Ȼ㿪ǵĻһЩԽС࣬ڵճ
䡭
һΪˮˣзȻϺֲ֧סײõɷΪǱ
ۼзһֱˮ棬Ϻ۾ˣϺβҵˮӿ
ճҲᣬץʱ䣬һ
С㣬Ҳȣ
Ϻʮŭһֻ֮ǯһοһ㣬ճѹ
Сġ
ǰͷæȣβ飬סϺʮ˵ײȴѾ
ۼþ޴ϺײСϣܵˮȫЦ
Ϻʮث֣ƴƴӶר۸С
Աһߵ
ճһ䣬һݣŴϺײ˹ɽһˮѹ΢΢ŭ
ϺӰ
֪Ȼвײ·ȴģ˭Сı˳ȥҲֲ࣬˭
ǣԼֻϺȫûҲûгԹһѵԳˣΪ
Ѿճ̳һԲжֻһһͻһԲʮԶȴûš
ƺþԵһֵм䣬ûбײ÷ˮ֮⡣
ףˮȫЩ죬ƺҲճͶ̥ξˡ
Ϻʮ˻Ҫ鶯
ѹ˽Сҳ֣Ҳ֣ŪãпԾš
ֻʲôãԾֲǵƾȣҪûôԾߣ
һߣһֻϱԱָֻŵţ˳ˮˮ档
Ϻһ£ݺݵĶһۣƺǾԼֶӣճԶҲû£ֱȥˡ
ֵĸϵ֪ΪɵʲôȴûбϺ˹Сû¾ͺãҸղŻ㱻ϺײˣʧȥԵСˣںɾ̫ΣˣһСľ֮Σ
ճشֵÿ֮󣬾ˮʧ֮´ɱ䣬ϾӴΪʧҲ⡣ֵȻῴԣ룬Ҫ
Ϊ
ǰԾ֮󣬾ͻһ˿ѪǴǣ죬չ黹ܽɻʧûԾȥĻͷϾͻһӡΪѽˣ¾ãҲѻԭΡ
ճЩ⣬͵ô˵ɣԾŵģϿ޳壬ûԾȥģ㻯ΪΣҲȫԺ
һ£ճˡ
ץסٶȱûĻᣬϵԺΡ
ܻγΪ壬ֻСܹΣл޳ɴġ
֪Է˵ʲôʵָΡ
ȻͼΪСȴֵһ弫ΪƣһЩѲɿǣò˵޳ΣԺͻǰ;Զ
αɹˣȻԺŸͷǻˣǵ»أֲ֪᲻һõľײԡ
˵ѾˣҲʮ꣬⻹ǵһײԵ
ճ亹
ա
㣬ʲô˵Լ治еָҪһЩ·
԰ճһ£ʵ˵ҲǶǣûлεġ
ôһ˼ϸ߹󣬱ÿö࣬õŻ𣿡
ðɣһ̸ۺÿÿ⣬Щʧǡ
Σ𣿼ʱˣҪʱ䡣



1705 鷲㣨£
βһڣϼܣճҲųϣʵǿһЩˮʱѾȫ˺档
ˮϢһЩû˭ͬӶɵϺʮǰš
ճȻҲˡ
һԾ棬ͿˮԴںˮиʱȫصúܣû˭
֪ﴫ˿֮
߿֮һ֮Уվһֻͷ׳ɭɭϼҪըһ㣬ߡ
ֻͭݵģһ糱ˮķɢ
׳ԣһŰɫ˿۵Ϲ꣬ͷûмëͤڡ
СֶȴʮֹŹֵš
ǸЦǣֻϹ꼷һŵ֮ϣƲ룬Ʈ
װɳͳ죬ġ
ֻҪԽţѪܼǸɼ
һճ֪˭Ϊ
ȻעĿģԲԶһ߲ʺš
Լʮɿʮɸߣڰ֮УɢѤâմҫ֮£Ŀ
ճ̽˹ȥͷ֣ŸͲںռ䣬Ǵһ֪ĵط
ڴ˴ȴǿһ
ڣΡ
ճĬĬӦһ£ͳһֲϢľĽĸоˡ
ӦѪԭ򣬺ŴȻѪ裬Ѳϵ
ճڿϡ棬˹С˵ֵܣȻῴò࣬ͿЩ뿪ҪȥԾˡ
ʮɸߣȥûѧзʲôģճƣҲ̫ˡ
Ÿʮɣʮף¥ߡƾԾĻԼȻСˮǿԾ׾ͺܲˡ
û˵ٻ˵ԼٳһЩȷϳ֮ԡ
Էɣõ֮֮£ȫޣʲôҲòģֻܿǡε㿴ɳͳƶһԣûпֵЦʮţΪֻеյġ
ǳžž죬ƺڵ⡣
ðɣҵˣЩˮ嶼ѾˣʵЩͬ˵ʵû̫̣˵ֻΪǿ󣬾ԭ̫Զ
һԾ棬ʧͳս
̡
սףú淺ơ
ˮŹӶˣ졣
ⲻ֪ճѪҺڣ֪ͼǰȥ
βˮֻһСĽ㣬Ĵڿ϶֮УҲû˭˵ʲô
ʵϣʱˮ嶼˲£ֻһ˼Źš
ǧأһ
һӴ߿ţεֱͬ䳤ա
Ѿʮɸ£һɹֱΪײľͳš
ãɽһγɹͷ
ɽХĺȲ
һǼ˻ͱôۻ룬֮
ճԲ۾ĿǺͷϢĳһֻ۽ȺۣȴǿϢ
üһ˲Ϣ֮ͼѪŹȻϺûԵ
̾ճ־Ȼ
ϾԼµûĻ磬ȼߣΪŨ񣬷κ鶼֡
ǰ˵һܿ𻰣Ҳ̫Ӱҵʲôݣڼвһ;ֺϤ
һﲻǸͷñӣȻ飬治Тͥĵù
ڹ̨ϱȥȫۣѺڻɽҰܷһտా¡
Щ¼Ҳʲô
ճӡʵС֡
ȡ飬նȥΪȻΪһƥɮȥ죬ʮǧ·޳Ϊ˲֮һ
ν˲ʵǷŻ
ڴ֮СҲûʲôģճһЩˡ
˼Ҳǳɷ𣬾һ·ôͣȻ̵ɵȴһְٰûϡ
ԭĹճСôڿȴСˡ
һͳ죬Ѿţƺģ˵̫ӳУ
ԺļЩ
С׷ʲô飬ճʵôģֻ֪Լθң̫ˣһ취Ÿȥ
ȥ³ճҲˡ
ɽɹ֮佫¾ͳһˮ̨һʧ
ԼԼԿⱦУһ滨ݣɽ̨ͤɺǹ㡣
һɼأˮ
ּ˵ճˮӶˣӶȿֺķԾţйȥģХˮ
ȥģһͷԵˮ֮УͷѪƺһЩ⡣
鷲㡣
ܲпľ˼һһԣͬҲʤ
ȥˣͷ˿ȻȻǰ
ȴֻϺԾԾԣǼзҲ˹ȥҲͲס
ճóڳˮУֻϺʵǰУҪǿһЩĻԾŵĻʮþȡ
ˣǹƽйײһ£һһ¡
ճһ˿⡣
׼Ϻ鶯ԾΣһβͻһˮ棬һӰҲԾӰεĽϺһͬٸ֡
˾ˮ̾Ծ˾
ֵܡ
Ҫһ٣ͣһһϺ
ϺСҲԶɲ֪ΪΣֻһȥ͸оϺҪùˣָо
㣬ոɸߣ׹Ϻȴδ
ǣ㶯鶯ȫϸɶţƺȫɢŹâ廮ߣϺȴǱ׾ֱֱֻ
ͷβϣҪµϺ徢ʮ㣬ñֱббʮš
ۼñһһϺҪ
ǰһͼǽβݡһͬնżХ
ء
ϺһҽУ˫ǯβ֮£ȻβڶͷĵҶ£ˡ
ȴϺԾ֮ƣٴһԽţһ죬ˮ
Ŀɿڴˮһʱ
ô棿ʵҲ̫ߣȴȹţʵǿϺʮˣʧȥ˻ᣬӴ˳١
Ҳ㣬úݣϺţ۾Ѿʧȥ⡣
䣬˵ˣһ򣬳ˮУʧӰ١
úķɣᣡ
ճЦЦתˮ㡣


1706 Ѿˣϣ
һƬĹȺβԺ̨ͤŲԶһſű飬ɢâۺҹ磬һƬ
Ȼֻܲʢ
Զˣ㳡ܼ࣬еƽ˵Ƕߣ뻷ɽɽΪһ塣
ʱʱĿԼŸˮڶ
̫ӰҵӪˣܹǧųһ򣬱ԴȫԾšѪˮ
˵棬һƬӴʮˮţԱͳţռȺΧ
ЩͨûмѪˡ
ȻЩճʵ̫ģϾһ㣬ˮ壬λСʲôҳ֮ġ
ΣܵȻöֶζòûбҲ㣬̫ӵˮƺҲ̫ƽܼҡ
ʲô˵ʹֽŶûУղסôʹ
ڻĿ꣬ճ˵һʱҪ
ɽһĶڣһʯϣ˿˿Ƶı֮͸ˮ
ճӣβɻΣ뻮ԲܾͳϸСУɱϢڡ
ҫ֮£ˮҡţΧ㵹ʵһϢ˷š
Ǻˮ淨
ճһ֮󣬾͵õŹͳ˵Ϲʱħ巨ţ;Ų淨Բֱ
ˮ淨ǱϹ֮ش
Ϲ֮ħ֣ǿƥĸߴɽ𣬻ۣȵ硣
еԻ£ĺ
еڷɾ죬׽¡
һ๦ձ鲻Ԫ꣬ڸֿһ֮УȥѰѪһ˿Ϲ飬׳
ܷԭΪħ֮Ȼǿᣬǳ
Ȼֻһ
ǧͻƵھŲҲֻͳһĻֻǰ㣬ΪսһЩûдеҰҪǿһЩ
ȻҲ㲻ж
ˮ淨㣬ӪľӢˡ
ʱϲͨҰܶԸóһֺˮͬĶ֣һɶԸٸǧݺ᲻ܡ
˴˵Ⱦ磬ҲܵһСͷ죬ϰˮ
޵ˮ淨߲ģʱѾܽеţ½ܼ磬ԪˮҲˮ˲Ϣ
ӪѾܵǧͳ죬ʵӪӪͳ졣
·ŵ󷽴֮иսҲͳ
̫ӪӱбƿԿóССʵҲ
Ȼճ˷Ԫ˷ָˮռϺọ̃ϳ˹־Ӫǧ꣬࣬ȴʵûһʵЩס
عͷ룬Ͼ壬Ҳûר˽̵ѧʣ˷硣
ħǳһ㶼ҪƾΪͻƾ硣
ֹõʵɱѪҩģЩСʵ߱
ɱĻᣬǲȱ٣֮ʱʱĻս£ͨһЩѪַħˮ壬Ҫֻ֣Ƕ鵤ҩͺϡˡ
꣬ճǺƾˣЩˮܾܿǼݵһʱ⡣
棬ԼԼȺź¡¡ײһЩճ֪ͬΪӪڴ
Щˮ岢ϲչǱޡ
ҲȻ
ָЩ㰡Ϻ߰갡֣չ޳ʲô
Уȴճ
Ȼһ㣬ȴһ֪ʶ㣬ʶﻹӴԪ
벽ףǰ벽ɣֻҪ㣬ճܰΪôͷͻƿ
̨Ͻ̶̷ֲֻѾâһͻȻֿҼˮ˽ȥ³ʱīһȪ
źȪ֣ˮ˿Ϳʼ̣
ȫš
ã
Ȧɻ״ĽһԾڶ֮дȥհ֮ңóֲӰ
ֵǣȫ֮ǰ綴ǹ壬Һ塣
ˮ淨ôħŵ츳˰ɣţ߲㣬ƿʮɷԲԶ˵Ȼս֮ʱһںˮҲ𵽺ܺõĸá
ģһ¶ԵսΣճЩЦ
һʵʵóգһ˴Ŵţһںˮܽ˶á
˵ֻ᲻ˣƾҲռϺܴơ
ȻԶԶȲϾתҲŶˣֶһõֶΡˮдЩȾתҪʤ
ճ˵ǣͻƺˮ淨߲֮˲һı仯ȫⶼģ۸һ紩Уƺյģʱ
ͬʲôһֲ²ĸо
ѾõĻΣҪˡ



1707 Ѿˣ£
Ӻˮ淨е֪Ź߲㣬Ϳ
ʱǿᣬɱ䣬սüǿĺ֮ҲһѺ֡
Ѿ֮䡣
ճŹһʱʵ磬ӦѾﵽ׳Ԫɾ͡
ˮ淨ģ˵ԪɾЩʺϣԪĥԽŽΪơ
ֻԽŽײΣȴûˮɱĸֻǵ͡ǿ󣬺ȻԶԶȲϺˮ淨ġ
һϹħУһ緲ʿԴ۴ĸ棬һΡ
ԽŽȲϺˮ淨Ϊ֡
Ȼڲ򹦷ǿʱҪΡ
;УǰѵʵλΣˮ淨߲㣬ɻʹʱͿԷûε׳ΪСΡ
γɹ֮Ȼⲻ˻¶綥ϻͷ¶źβϳëָצչˣɽƧͿԳΪ
УʵҲΪС֮
ͨ˵СѾ˲õĳɼһЩ˵ȴڴˡ
־Զ׷ǴΣҲɷ٣ɽ١
ˮ淨ŲԲٶɹ׽٣ȥת֮
ɵɣ
ʱʲôתΪ֮󣬸֥ˡ
ֻҪ¶һģһ·ԽԽ
ͳ
ε֪ʶ֮ǳʶճˮаʱ䣬֮࣬ҲˮֻƬŪ˸ס
˷֮ʱ¶ȣڵճһͳȫҰһ˿ۼˡ

Ȼֻлúˮ澭һֺôжĸ
ÿԲ֮ҹܵ뵤ȡˮԪˮԪźһЩϡҩĸҩ١
ˮ˵ʵݵĶѵõϡԶá
ǳȡÿ±ˮԪ˶ĶӮõҩһЩʵǿĻȡɨطΧعصɢ¹ͣȡ
Ȼͨ䱦ĵҩճʾпޡ
˴Ͷ̥תʶЯӴԪѪʲȱ
ֻҪɳһزԳܵǰΪ㹻ֱӹתʵͻͽһ㡣
ȻˮԪֵͽҩճȴҲֵڲͬÿεԲʱҲš
ȡҲ˴򶷶ȥ
Ҫ͵һЩˮ飬һЩϢ̫粻븸׳
ϺŮôôƯ˴ߡ
̶̲ļ״ٿ
ճʱʱĻϼ죬һЩԼĵĻ⡣
˽⵱ǰƣһԽ߱еʣ㴩Խһ㣬ҲҪмʶǡ
ϢһźǣûֻС֪εϢҲû˭һֻӽʥ
ʱ仹磬Щ黹δ
ĻǲǾһĻԵأ
ǺδֻҪҵܻܲô
ÿͻƣЩһ㣬ճҲİ
ѹͷһȪһ㣬ӿ֮С
׳ǿȫ۶ŨĽ⣬յö硣
ȻûлεҲǷҪɡ
ճЦһתһôԼǿܱ仯ԡ
ټϣճ걾Ͳ꣬˻꣬ӡӡζ˵ûʲôѶȣֻԼԭģӣӡˡ
ȻĳЩ滹Ǳع򣬱Ͳȫ
ϾСΣɷ١
֮£߲ˮ淨תǿӿȣѪ磬ֱϸǿ
Ͻȼߣ죬ѾССԭһΣͻΪΡ
۶䣬ľͱһס
˵Ӣ信㡣
ꡭ
ճָһ֮ϸС緢˿Ľâ۳ըѳס
ն࣬;ʯͷɺɷĩ
Ӳĺ׺Ҳ롣
ⶫճģǧ˰֮ʱβҲֻӸٴΣ۵òС
԰ɺˮ淨߲㣬ʵָԪ񾳣ѾܾܳתתɲӦҲǿˡһ˿ֶΣӦѾնÿռ飬ɷĩǡ
ţһ¾Υ泩Ƭоֳ飬˼ɫ
ˣȥ豦𹿰Ҳֻһǧٽǣ֮Ѿûһ緽컭ꪵȸֻǧǺܺõıԭҵ⣬⡣
ָתʵ磬ɽ磬ʮصĶһնȥռѣ׻𶼻֡
磬ȴֻûЧѻǧ
ץƬУ˫趯һᣬ͸оѪ٣΢΢Ϣ
ðɣѾˡ
ܿ죬ճʵ趨
ԪǿٱǧŪףܿҲٱֻǰӱģ̫
ʱΪΣ׹
ˣ籾Ҳʮּ̣ʵ˵ռˣԼþȫһ˿ռƶ򲻳
ɣףҲƿռ䡣
ҲһʽɵҲ޷Ŵ󣬸мܹƴƴٶƴӦⲻҵǿ𣿡
뵽ճһ¶ЩЦݣ볯Ʈˮ΢΢ζġ
Ȼճˡ
ϾСΣֻ룬ûжŸͷѾ֮⻹ǾתĹ͡
ˮ߲㣬ͨѾ޷ˣİ˲Ų㹦սӢͷſɻȡ
ҲܱǱˣȥսӢſɡ
ȻѾСΣ屾ԴȻˮ࣬ʱȻֻˮ澭תʡ
ֻеȵŲˮ淨ԲɷɹȫΪ壬ʱǰ޽ɡ


1708 ԭģϣ

ʯţ죬ƺڴ
ճ΢΢üչضǺ˽ĵطר֮£ǲܴŵġ
Լ׳ɵĹ
ɵ㡣ճŽ֪࣬˭ˡ
ֵܣֵܣҡ
Ȼ⴫𼱺
ճʯţûüʻͿʼ߶ˣ˵ֵܣչزаĩԺܹܿ˹أᱻϳǿɶˡΪֽӵһаˮԪı꣬һȥ
һ˶ͷʮ׳˶һִӣʮ˷Ц
ͷͷ˻εԡ
֮ճճȫͬ
չʱʵ٣ܶʱ񣬻Ѫħˮ߸ͳ£ԸһЩ̹ˮ
ǺݺݵĴ˼̣Ҳǻһ㹦Ū˻ε
Ϊ߲ˮ淨ԶΣԣʵɵ΢úܣˮ淨ֻ޵һΡ
ҲΪͬԭÿγȥ֮ǰǰкһʹճǲһͬҩ
ÿαֻܾ֮ǣ´ߡ
ճЩˡ
̫ˣʵЩܲˡ
ʶ֮ʱûǺܺõԣЩˡ
˼ǺģҲԣ˵࣬Ҷ˵ˣҪˮԪֻҪչؾ㹻ˡ
ˮԪԽԽ𣿡ȫţȰ˵̧ͷһͻȻס㡭㡭
ôֻ㻯ΣҲΰסһճЦ
ͨСεܻȡһöĻΡ
ȻȴҪ࣬Ȼ൱һˮϲԭΣǸ˰⡣
ûĻεãӦñƭˣ˵Щһеʵҩܳԣ㿴㿴ʧ˰ɣȻ֡
Լؿڣʹļףɫ޴ͷţٶһȥˡ
ʵϣٱͳɫֲģǰǿ۾ģҲˡ
֣ճָԼ˵ǳ֣˵ҳʵҩΣҸûԵҩ
ոտڶ֮ˮչӵģƲ뿴֮⣬˵Ҳ㿡ݰɡ
òԼıò˵ǧŮôҲ̸ϳֵġ
һۣճûа˼ˡ
ˣͳһɣһҲûд㣬Ҳ˭㣬ֵȻֳݣӪ㣬Ժ󻹿õҩ߰ɣһͬ񡣡
Թ˵ָָԱ߲Զ㳡һδ׳зͷӡ
㿴Ӷɵ񷢴ˡʱ˲ٹͣͳĿأ񲻵ˮԪ㣬һָܵ㣬ˮ澭Ѿﵽˣѧ˳ɽʮ˴ǰʽ
޴ˮȪһĽýˡ
ѹһţԭܴ̼ˡ
ճתͷȥͼӶɵѾǵ֮ʱ̹ͬ˵ԭģͬǣһзͷС۾ֱҪ͹ͭܲ͸硣
̡죬ˮ屻ҵõɳȥ
ãԱһƬȲ
ճûЦèҲĽ
֪ǰ˵ҲֱͣŹ㳡мȥһ̨ԱŴġ
̨棬һɽִκܱԪƺҪʵʡ
ճһӪĶͷ˾ͳ졣
ȥȥﲻĵط
һֳͭһԵзȵαӶɵҪǿ׳һЩ
սûʲôƣճֱ˵
㣿ҿҼǵ㣬ǺɣҲûһΣ˻ô֡ȥɣ޵ˮ澭Ĳ
зͷĺȳ⡣
ԱͷˮĸŹʱæסճСˣʲôʵս
ʵָǾӢձﵽˮ淨㾳硣
һ£ҪսҪȵˮ淨˲Ż᳢ԣͨġ
ΪЩײˮϡɣͬľ磬ʹ򲻹Ӣ
ûսճЦ
Ͷˣһ߰ɡ³һݣĨһ¶ͷ
ճˣսͳ죬úˮ澭
ʲôսͳ졣߰˶ȡ
зͷҲǲ˼Զĥ廥򶷵ˮҲȫͣ৵˫۾˹
ճҲôƶðзͷôһֱ֣͵Ҳ͵
˭ԼõأζƲӪͳһء
ؽϣҪõˮ淨˲ŲԲķΪУλҲС
˵ˣҪõõĴҪˮ淨߲ΪҪõͳְλƶƲȥ
ճǰٲзͷߵǰ棬¡¡
̡䣡
˭޹ģ
˭ͻƺˮֶ߲һ֣
ع죬սͳְλкϷˡ
ˮţ촦ľ;£ǧˮ壬һ۾Ź⡣
ϾǾӪƽһЩ֣ʱֿɿ˱չȫˡ
ԶһЩʯڿ½½֡



1709 ԭģ£
ϧˣúõǨ𣿲֪Ҫսͳ죬Щ˭ʶ
Щݵˮָָ㣬ȫɻʵ
Ǻ㣬ǰԾŽġ㿴Ͽ׶ޣģ󰡣ǻʧܣʵҩƭˣܲס˷ӡ
ʶճһԽ͡
ԭˡ

ȥҿһΣðʧ´οɲɷŹ
һ˾ͬը׺졣
̨ɫ֮УˬòҪҪɽˣûվƤţճһۣͿʼˡ
븱ͳͽ̡ճĴѪЩ̲סס䡣
һҪҲֲ˭ˡ
һ£ȫ
ƾһطϲֺģûʵսû
һףĵ˺󼸲ʱҲ˲֮ͬ꣬ǻ
ӲСȻ˹أ͵أǲǸͳ쵱ˣս
һˮһ̳֣һ߽Զ
ճһͼһλܣüϸĿͷ϶ֻ֦¹ǵꡣ
Ϣ纣Ԩֻվ˴
ճӦУҲֲԷʵﵽʲôΣֻúܸߣԼȫʢ֮ʱҪǿϲ١
ôͶΪˡ
μ̫ӡ
ˮæ
ճҲ˹֣զ࣬ŹСһ˶õСҲٻˡ
һμ̫ӣװڵãʲô̫ӣһߡ
պɰ˼ʱ᲻뵽ݡ
뵽ճһ˿Ź֡
عؾͺãǲعء
ճէز죬Ҳûʲǫ̂ϵҪλõôһЩľٶʵǲѡ
˰ۣЩ黹Ҫġ
Сһ֣˰ϱϹƷŮӣ̷š
ճˣԣǾǰϹͳ졣
ߣʱǶ
һףͷ϶һԲͷʱʱˮ罦ǾԪͳ졣
˵ǻ
һᣬȴǸŮӣͷϸСѾճ
ֻŮֱֵ̫ʱʱֲͷ˻˻졣
ȥ﷢ë
Ǻ߳
ճʾŮβȫȫԼĲˡ
ȻʵҲﵽײΣСȵÿ
˼ȻŽױǣ񾲣񻣬ûʲô̫۵ĵط
ճ֮ҲǲǾ̫ˣԹԵĴţˮۻᣬʵǱȽϡ棬ƽѼš
̨֮ϵɽȴûôˣһ͵ŵ̨̫֮󣬶ݺݵĿճŭ㣬ɣһ׳ɽʮ˴

һԾ̨֮ϣһУгϽ𴸣ۡõ졣
һȦȦķ
ΧһݣԶһЩ±˵
λ̨轣һáճȻЦеģ̨ȥͬɽһзԡ
ʮԶһ¶ʵûǵһΪá
Ϊˣзߵľѹ˵·ӣƴȭŲǡ
һûвӣͷ­ϸСǻףȴףΧϿ׺ףһ׮
ԼͣȥȭƴûӮؼǱ§űţİ
ţһѩ⻪ವһͷɵ̨ϣֱճһХ
ճָ֣̽׹ͣڰգսֵһ£޵ýл̫ӡ
С΢΢Ʋ𻡶ȣЦýĺ֣Ӯˣ诽㣬һһԵҲ֪ˡ
С͸˿˿ͣɭ亮⣬ճȻס
Ӯнͣǰϧ˲š
˲˵ᵱз̨ϣûһ˻ȡ
óֶΡ
ȻŵŹģֻҪΪŲսͳ죬á
ʵûĻ
ϣˮ
Ĳģģǧ̰
²õ¡
ճּΪʵаҪãͳΡ
ճڴʵۣ᲻֪̫ʲô
ͽһ̽ԼǲսˮƽһʩһССݡ
һԼӮˣҲж²ǡ
ԭԸ񣬰ճﰵЦ
һ֣ͦñֱ֮𣬿ںѹŭһ߶÷ֵɣȹ
ȻѾעܵ͵Ǿ͸һķ¶â
Ⱥ䣬ӹ֮Ҫá


1710 ҽȥ𣿣ϣ
ճһվսͷ֣еǿΪġ
ͻ߲ˮ淨֮γΪ壬Ҳԭ󣬻Ϊ˶һĬԼսͳܸ߼ʸ
û뵽һվ֮ˮ徹Ȼȫûеһ£ȫſЦԼ
ֻС˿ҲͰˣǽˮãʶǳ۹ⲻǿġ
ǣͳ죬Ϲ̫Ҳ㿴ͺܲˡ
ѹڴ֮ǰҪб֣֮ͻܵؾη֮ΪٸߣҲᱻ˵һ̲ˣǶûпƱ˸׺Ϊ
뵽ճ󶨡
ȻǾͺðˣų˭Ҳ֪Լʲô
СͷųϢԵ֪һȻպҲʮֱңΪ־Բѵõս͸֡
ճжУԷɶˣҲ׶壬ûдﵽ߽׻Ǹδ֪
Ҳ
ں·;Уɮӳܣӻ˻ɽȡһˣ·칬ʮ֮һĿľ·
ʦɳǻ۹ִƨȫ޻֮ʵû취ˣòֽ֣սľǣȻˣҲսˣվȫˡ
սǱĳλʦҪǿˡ
ο⻹Сȡ飬նȥ󲿷Ϊġ
ûбȡ飬սһҲһڼʱСƴһݵģֻ·磬ûѿ
ճ˴ξҪ¶âﵽĿģȾǲΪҲȫصȫչʾǴ˸ۡ
ɣתܻܿźܴϲϵ֪Спܼ˵
ԣճչʾĹǺˮ淨߲㡣
һߣϢӴأɱȻһͼǡ
վ̨ϣճȻͳԶȴһҲѷɫ
壬ڹϣѹɵһͷ
ã
̫۾Ź⣬ֱ壬һǿˣԷսǲ֪ߵغ񣬶Լİա
ԭҲﵽ˵߲㣬ôһԶˣǷʻεһͷԿţ۾ɵùԲֹǣΪʲôԶҲ֣
ճĿСҲõʱ
һЩ̫ѣһ㣬ǾѪҲָһ¾ͱúܴ
Χ۵ǧˮ壬Ц֮ͻȻࡣ
屾ǾǿߵģǰԴȡЦ֣ʱվ̨ϵһҪǿߣﻹҺ˵
ҲһЩЭȴзһˮ
ոɺˮ淨߲㣬ûѧʲôգͲ֪ߵغսͳ죬϶һס
ǰͳƣ˫ǧİϰؼɽʮ˴Ҫ˼оܰ
ܵĴ⣬սŭƽϢһЩ۾ɱȴǸŨˡ
ֻС۾΢΢һѪ⣬ҡӴ¡¡ǰ塣
ǻǰһһӡȵø̨֮ϣ޴İʯĽӡţֻȷٵ̤ȵʯɽӿһһͷ¡
飡
ǺųƳɽĴ
һ£֮ˮѹɽóһƬɽɢϢ
żѹţˮҲűۣΪӰͷѹ䡣
ǰ䣬ˮ˱ЮţξһƬˮҶƬζţ޶ȻһԵ鶯
ô
ĺȲ
ճֻзʮִˮȴʮʮǿᡣ
Ҳѹ˷ܵ໽г
ѹϲˡճ̧ͷͷѹĴɽ΢΢Ц
Ȼ˵öԷֽûõôܵҪ¶һֲǡ
ԼűζǴӮҲԲ
ѽԼһ־
һҰִѧľ
ⲻԽϵף
ԣûжǺ޻ɵĽһֳֽһն
ˮţ׺
ɽصľ޴ڽ֮ϣȴûǰ㽣ϱۣǲôͣڰա
뵹ˮӿը죬ԭط˸ˮס
ӿųײţΧһ˼ɫ䡣
ôܣ
̫ӹذʮָֻ߰꣬ճϲʲôϣȴòһýгıڶ࣬ŵùġ
Լ᲻᲻ճδĹ
õǺˮ淨ȴþתȻֻóתĽˮ淨Ҫǿϲ֪ٱ
Ҫ֪ˮ淨ֻǼϹħһ˿ѪˣҲͨħתĹʣȴǴϹ׵ѪԴͷΪϣƷҲߡ
ͬĹ磬߱ǶıȽϣҲǴӤ
̫Զˡ
ǰִסǱλζɫһ¾ͺˣ类һ㣬Ͼ޴Ҳͨ졣
ѽ߾
һУִ磬߸ԾͷϽ£һ




1711 ҽȥ𣿣£
¡¡
ˮ˷
ճб΢ͬһľ׮ֻѾûʯ֮УֱףɫƵᡣ
ôһ㹥㶼򲻶ʲôͳ죿Ҳһɡ
꣡
ߣӰХŴ϶֮Уһһն
𴦣ˮΪΪ޴ͷһײϣϸ΢⣬ˮһʧ
޴Σõײʮɣڵϵŵŵźòֹסơ
ͷһظͻȻЦҷ޵УƲҵзף˲ҡû£ֻҪһͻ㣬ˡ

ճ̾Ϣһ£Գǿʳŷǿ֮⣬Ǿر𿴲ʵ
붯һ㣬ƣɣã۷ȵȫûãҪѪ¡
ԣ·ϣʹ·ֻֽҪˣһӴ࣬ûҲܴУȻû˸ˣǺպɡ
Լýˣ飬Щٶȫ׸ϹӿзԹ۵ˮҲ۹ȫЩˡ
ˣǿҲûòǣ
ðɣ֪͸ģҸѧ𣿡
ճһ䣬γڵ˫㣬ЦһзƤˣ㻹飬ٽһסͷһ
˫ŵأ緢ǰ壬ֲնˣʮɾһһ׺ۡ
诽бָճֱñֱԽԽ֮
ףѺˮ淨õ֮ˣ۳˿ߣǿֶΡ
̫һ֪һʮֲ򵥡
ɺˮ淨һ£ܹ̥ǣħֻ֮Ǳޡ
ҪӦãõ֫ٺ֮ϣӳַͺܲˡ
ڳˮҲֻһ
οٰ淨õ棬Լ뷨ȥǸ߲εˡ
ҵʲôʱһţƺ淨ԲȫɵʱԲ졣ˣǺͷ˾ˡ
С仯ûһֻ֡
ճ֮ϳֵĹΣҲû׾ʲô˼
ˮֻĿţŸ̨棬ҲŴţ˭Ҳκβ˭սʹ˲֮
ȻǾͼѪһХһ
һ졭
һᣬǴ׳ӴĴзͳ죬˻ʹ
Ŀ֮£ϰ°ͻȻ䣬ˮ˳ţѪˮգ˱ǡ
նһնˣողն𣿡
ʲôô˷
ǽԭǽ̫ǿͳĿû𵽰ãˮһ㱻նˣйŹ֡ЩʶˮȷĲ²
ճһԣָ棬ûմһѪа̾⽣Ĳ
תͷڵϰ΢΢ҡͷ
ֺοأ
зǿն뻹ڵţһ°ȥ
ôǲǻҵĽ氡зճЦû֪֮ļһһ򶼻졣

ֻʹͳѣһ£Χˮȫˡ
ͬΪͳľˮҲǴ޹⣬޺޵Ŀ˹
ͬʱǶڵ̵ĴзջǼһʱѾԭΣۼͿ첻ˡ
ǿ֣նҲʲôˣȵҪ
Ͼʲô嶼һ㣬նλܻġ
òң
겻ѡ
̫ӣﲻҡƺ̨ĲԼĵ£һֻİз
ճ۽һĻ΢һ⡣
ܾ˵ɿ
СĻŪֶΣֻԼ
ƫƫʵͦǿЩѸˡһСģԼʵЩΣյġ
ѹҪ治ТСͥһĲ죬жȻű˲֪ءͲ֪̫ӻʲô飬Լɵö೤ۣ𱻾ȥˡ
ͳƤݺݵһԾ̨֮ϣһӣһǣţѴз£һ
ָһһƬɫĩֱû˿֮
ҩҲ֣ˮ岻ɢֻǷȥɫͺÿһЩʹҲͣ
˻ܾȵûзܱܲסս֪ܱסġ
æ֮俴ճһۣˣսӮȥɡ
࣬ճ̫ˡ
˼Ⱥ
ͷβһͷз±˶ϣﰵֵܣôôɵͳ͸ͳ켸˶һʮϰ꣬ս꣬ô˵ɱɱ飿ֻϣǣҵǺ㣬㣬Ӧû˻ͬɡ
̫࣬ʵϣ˻治Ƿһ
ûһֻֿһۡ
ʲôӮӮӮ䣬սɹˣӦĸͳ֮λأкˮ淨ƪ˾ŲԲľأΪⶫҳԱ˳ŵĲսҵô֡
ճһֱ罣תͷ̫ӣȴСµĿţƺڿԼôӦԡ
뿴𣿻Ҫôһ£ҷһϧʲôᣬǲ֪ôд
ҲĶûԷֱֻ̨̫ӹ˹֣Цٴл̫ӴͽȻӮˣô⸱ͳ֮λԼˮ淨֪ȡ
ԭϣ⹦Ȼ˾СЩġ
ǣճӮ֮˾ˣ̬ȼѺãƳһЩʱ䣬˭˵ȥ
Է˳ɼҲʳԶʣֻҪʮصģͻܲˡ
˵Ǻ̵ܶһʱ䣬ճȲ𰡡
öǿűʩͿԵҪԼȡһճ׵ġ
ҽȥ𣿡
ȻŭͻȻתһƵ˹
쾢ˮ˺ѡ
ճܣȫÿտյâԭûһˮ紦ڻɽС
ǷֵһְѺˮ÷ʧ˵ȻҲûˡˮ淨Ϊףͻ˾Ųĺˮ淨ȻͬħΰܱȵϾתתɵơ
ճҲΪʲôˮҪѺˮ淨ƿУײᴫȥ
ԭ㹦ǰ߲ȫͬһΡ
֮ʵԾԵ



1712 ҿǺܾûгˣϣ
֮ʱȫףƺֻǲճǰ̫ݣ˵Ӷֳͽ䡣
ˮҲֻΪλͳֻʩΪճ֪ǡ
Էһƻһɷ֮ķΣˮγ
˵Լȥ̨ʵϣֵƣδ֮ǰȷԼ·ǸˣǱɱ
зĪʲôùĹϵţҲͬ壬˷ŭôΨһĽ;ǣ׺ݣ·ϣսͳľٶ
һֿܣͽܵԼλˡҲԣ߲ͬˮ淨ͳҵĽ¸ͬһһ㣬Ų㣬»Ϊѡ
ճͨ͸ֻӶԷһһƻͿ˺ܶ⣬ٻ̫ǲÿɷһȤĿϷ飬һ䡣
֪ԼСĴַ
ǿ˵ʲôʲôеȫްڱһ֮䡣
Ժʯһжճ̲סЦˡ
ǡ
Ҳ߰Բ⣬ˡ
ƾӺȻѹµͬʱδ÷ͼŽ΢΢ԵӰƺģһ£ֲӰ
濾µˮ
־Ǵռ֮УѾû˰ˮ
Ĵɻ֮Уϡһ죬һɫӰ
ǽ⣬Ȼһ֣ոͷ۾һۣɵƺ߳
ͼͬ׵һĹ˿ǰ׵ҫ۶ĿžͻΪһߡ
·Ϣϸ˿Ĺ˿͸з
ûףɽӰ׹⣬ѱն룬¡¡ķѹˡ
ǽй˿ֻǹǰƺûʲôܹס
ꡭ
¡¡
ӰţˮһͣЪ
ˮϸȥ
ͼĸ̨֮Ѿ¬˱仯Ө׼ӲİʯѾһ̯ķ۳Ƶĸ̨̨֮ϣӰźԶԶϢš
׸µ֪ʱѾ˫ͭ浲ǰǰ㣬˫ȳʹȫͻٴС
ۼˮͼⳤ֮ͭϣʱѾһϸϸĸۣӡҪѴгƬ
ǣϣһϸ˿Ѫ۳֣ʱһεεµѪ
Ķ棬̨վŵģǸŽ׵Ӱ裬
ؼ֮һӡʱʱĻŻ⽦䡭ǻ⽥𣬿׻Ļָ
Ȼܾˣֻսͳôָͳ쿸ˣ
ԶԶģֻǿһţƻǿˣﰵпࡣ
ʱ򣬾ɵҲܿףǷʲôˡ
޷ǾͳΪ³̨ԳҲûֵ˺á
̫㤣ˮȫӡһοɲǰĹƽս鷢̫ͻȻۿҪִˣǻûʲôΪá
ȲҲǣ̾ϢҲǡ
ճкһɱԼԼ
ӴתɾתԪҪһ£֫ٺɱȻɱ
ǿѹʵͳǺ⣿ͻȻ͵Ϯɱ֣Īսͳ֮λ˵ͳ쵱ЩͷˣѰ·
ϣһɱ糱һ㣬ǰԪסһ˿񣬰עԱߵС
ɱֻףҪСӳˮȴһ⡣
ҲΪԭѹסͷɱ⣬ûгױûóԼȫ졣
ʵϣɺˮ淨߲֮Ѿܹʱ֮ڳԼת٣ȻֻǴϼУͻ٣Ըλͳ죬ҲòżС
ºˡ
򲻵ѣճǲԸģϾһʱ֮죬ҪѺܳʱֲ
ãҵСˣ㣬ѹ·ϣٳԣҲˡ
һ֣¶ɭɭΪʳĶ㻢裬ôԼηһ㡣
ճһӶˣڿ֮Ѫ
óһƽﳣɱѪȡ

ΧĵԶһЩ
ЩСˮѾǲ͵͵뿪ԽԽԾ
ˣԹ˱¾ͺãͬˮ󽫣Ҫ˺
ڽ֮ʱ̨֮¾ʹһЦȴ̫˵ˡ
ˮ֮УͻȻͳһƬǹ⣬̨֮ϣ߹֮⣬Űƴ֮⡣
ֻһǹ⣬˾С
֣ɽȪˣ˳ƽ¶飬Ȼ˻ƪ¡
ǡ
ǹҫ֮£ճϳĽɱͻȻһաֻѪƽ˳ͣһ˿ޡ
һִֹ֮£ԼһЩСϷôĲֵһᡣ



1713 ҿǺܾûгˣ£
ֶΣСɹôһӷնζǱĬĸ˶־ĥ֪Ͱ
ճﰵɻȴҲǿ
һϽֽƽûһ˿ɱ
ȻС֣Ѿ²ΪҪնɱֻԺһˡ
ĺ羵װ׵ӳճԷĵĶʺ֮⣬֪û̫ͽıҪ
òϣոȻͻϮ֮£ʵǶвճòóԼֵ˿죬Ѻˮ淨߲㷨˲Ϣ֮Ϊһ壬Ϊ˿նƶԷŲ淨ܡ
ʶСС¶һѱ£ΨһҵǣԼûб¶תıʱôҲճˡ
ԼƵĴƲ
ʵ֤ɵһزܹԽ󾳽Եеġ
ճˮ淨߲㣬У͵ڸոͻףͻơ
ľŲ淨乥Լﵽյľ磬Ŀռʮȹ̣һ£ܿܰռ䶼촷ۡ
˵ɱ֡
ΪԶճļɽȴǶԷҲ׷ϵģΪ棬˿ֶиƿһƣпԷǿ׷ն
˸
ճԹ˺ˮ淨ŲȴȥСĹ֪뷨Σա
һѪƽ˫һգС䣬Ⱥ˫Ŀʹ˿롣
Сվ˼͵ճǰ˸ĪĹʡ
ܲˮ淨߲ΪͿˮ𣬼ӳڽ֮ϣ޼᲻ݣԾ˰ֽԡҿûĻӦǵ洫˿ַ㾹ȻŴ֮УҲԵ洫ˡ
̫ӹˣֻƽĥһСС죬ʲôԣ
ճһݣ֪СڻԼˣ˵ʱѾ˼ҪԼĸס
Ҳûʲôɵǵġ
Լʵ򵥵úܣСԲԼһ·мӶҵ裬ҳһСС
ԾŵȴӶɵϺʮ˶Ŀõġ
ôԾţôڹҲ
ճӦλ̫ӣʱͷǴһɼϸ΢ľ̽˹͸Լۿףֱ֮еĺˮ淨
˺һᣬȻȥ
Ȼû̽ʲôԵĵط
ճͷһˣԣʵĺˮ淨תԪҲֻΪн񲹳䣬û¶
ʹãͷתΪתԣ˵Сûл۽𾦣УҲǿԼĸס
׵ͼıⷽĳԵת󣬿ΪƭһЩʿõġ
˵ȫȻͶ̥ת֮󣬾͵ڸһУƲܹƾۿ
ճʱ˭һͨ𣬼Ѫˮ淨
˶ѣٶϾѾûˡ
ճ֪λ̫Ӳ첻ʲôܻɻԼԺҪ׵õҲ롣
һ㣬ճȴǲĵģˮҲֻҪõͼıûС
ֻҪ㻯ΪʱͿȫؾתһͻס
Ӵ˺ƾԾɣ磬ȥá
ﻹУָɡ
Сβʵϵ
ûη壬ճɫԽƽ͡
Сһᣬûʲôڷ̽ѰĿճһۣЦصĵطйͣйط˷͵ء㣬ȻսɹǾͽְ֮£ѫԺ󻹻ӽ͡
ǡ
ճЦӦ£ûһƺǰһжûһ
ǿʼβˡ
Сô룬ôˮ棬ôҲƽŴ𣬾ʿĶ⡣
һѶλǲֵñЧҵģҶ
Сճ̬ȣתͷͳ죬ŹսƶȻӮˣ͸ƷˣΪλҪֱѵǶҲ
һڣȻѹ¡
²ҡæݵ
ˣޣʮнٺΪͽ䡣
һ䣬θߴ͵Ķͷ׳˳
һ˺ıףڵأһ˻ӶһŵޣȻޡ
޹ǶϽۣʹѡ
ճüëӿɲˣˣɢܳ鵽ܳ鵽꣬ǻԸʲô𺦣ų״ĹЧ
һ£ɢؾۣ࣬Ȼ
ȫĥ˵⣬Ҳ֪ôŪģ
СݣճЩˣԷ̫ӣһˮⷨˡ
޳꣬ˮ̫ӵĿ־η
СƺĿ⣬ӻͳһӸճǺˮ淨ľֻڼϰԲɡ
һΣճҲɵð̾һֶˣСȴǸ
ⳡͻʾ֮ʩ֮ԶС˼ۻһ㶼ֹβʾƽ
һжڿ֮С
Լԭ̬㣬ܱܿһִľٶ۷˰ɡ
Сκһյļһ۶ԷǷ𡣡
ճ΢΢ת۾»ָƽ
ӭ´ˡ
ҲĹˣθͳʲô;ΪȻô¶䣬ôúóһ١
Ͼ壬һЩҰԣ˳ԵģҲ벻ʲô̫õףӡ
ϲشԴơ
ճЩͳ졢ͳ켶̫֮ͬУÿһϯʢ硣
ճ֣˴˳֮⣬Լͳλߵˡ
һǰϹ꣬ǼףŸˡ
Դ׳ΪǲϢ֮ҺؾȻ֮ϡ
Ҳ֪ʲôݡ
ˣãսսһҲôҴгӵա
ƮƮһȺŮÿһжž޴裬Ẓֱ̌УĿ
⡭
֮һ죬˶ϲЦտ
ҿǺܾûгˣ⣬Ϊ
ͳ̵ţЩƤܼȫЦҲˮ
ʱҲǰ˱ӿнٺƣ˫۷ŹĶԼǰ̨ð衣
ճŮСİϣ̺ˮ
űŨ㣬ֽҿǡ
ӳģȴһװ֣÷͸ͯ
⣡
ճҧÿ죬


1714 ڵģϣ
ճļУι㳯һֱɮʮǧȡ澭նһĬĬ¡
һһֱͦõġ
ɳиŵӣԹ
ǵ͵ˣߵµĴ
ʦȻó̰ɫȴҲܹʼա
أţôһЩ޷ζѹǧɽܾ֮ί£Ϊ·ɮȡɹϾͿˡ
˵һУܵ˵Ӷ࣬СӶ⼸ϲ
ϲǵĹ£Ľǵľ
ʵأճԼû̫ˡ
Щ鲻Ҳܶ롣
δζʵ˴ɳУɳӳԵóɶѣʮ̡
ڲϹžŸԴͷ
Ϊ֤ѳ˵񣬷ҫ
ʦڸɽջΪ֮ʱ׼ʱʱ°ܰգԵÿڻ
˳ɮ֮·϶ˣ˵ץˣسǧ
أ֣ͬȻʳΪ̫ˣţħˣ۴ˣɽˣʨСҲˡ
Ĵ󱳾£ǾͲܲˡ
֮˵磬û졣
ôȻǳիġ
׿ڸɮ˵ˮħʱԣȣׯ̨ˣŮɫǵȳĵİңҾģãԲˣҪɹ˷
ȻҲų˵ǼٻھʾɮСģǣҲ֤ʥڳҲѰԾͳԣûɶ˲ġ
ճת֮һֱں˼ԼҲ֮ûһ硣
ֱ磬ǰðװֵ׶ף绹ѪܵĲпᡣ
Ӿӵ磬ൽ׻Ǵʳĵײ㣬𲻻רŹ壬ʱ൱ɿǵĳƺͿԿ
⣿
ԣ֮ʱһЩСϢǾǳ˿ԣøΪ
⣬ճһǻײɫȻû䣬ȴ
һǻɱʶӿɱɸɾ
Ȼȴ壬˵Σûסֱӡ
ôֵܣû⣬ϲôס˰ɡԱｿЦһʵȫ֪ճһһ˹ȥ
ţ
̫ɻ˹һ˫۾ͫƺӦղԡ
ǻϲƺɱ˭ģ
Īǽֵܲҳˣ⻰ˣŲ¼֮⣬ֻûе
ǰڻճĽ̫ȫոϰյҰˮŴɳ񴫳е֡
ʱټϢԣ¾˷
ǹӰ֮дһʵѹڴ֮Уճϣ󺣣ֻҪһп˳֡
λͳ츱ͳҲȫͣʳ磬ְڱ֮ϣɱɭɭ
˵ǳµûĻ̫ӦǰӡǳԵ֮ȫֽ׶ֵܵ
ճ۲һԱ˫ʵԼôˡ
ʱǶֵĺʱһСģܻ
СҴı
̧ͷ΢Цסӿɱ⣺ʱˮ淨ȴǼɿڣմȣԣɨؿϧɶɴֵơ
뵽̫ӷ֮ϢȾĵϵȥճһתӦ

̫״ЦôĸһҰȻ㻯ѹΪһǧû£㲻ԾͲԣҷ˰ɣˣѵһžʿ
һ䣬ֱ
Ҳѹ̫ճ֮ԣʵǣһ˵֪Žɿû˵ӡУĳλȷĴ귨ԡ
ҲճʲôʱЩ鲻̸ʵףʶ˷

ʱвͻȻÿ񱩣һӴϷѹ˴
ˮ֮УҡҡλΣ󷨽ȫŰ׹⣬ԶԶһƬ
Ϯ
ɫ䣬Ǻॾͳ̧ͷȥ
ճһݣҲоѹ֮Уˮͱɽˮһ㣬ԼʮּѣƺѪԴѾ˿ơ
˭̫ӵĵѹƺѪ̫ӻҪһЩ



1715 ڵģ£
ճ̽˳ȥףϮĶ֣ʵ
ңһ
µûʵϣͲò£⻪ҫžͱð͸Ŀɼһ޴ʮţ׺Ųһ硣
ûˮڰ֮Уƣצŵâ
ɭϿռԶ͸˹ñű֡
ңּ㶼Υ棬ȥӷٰۣͣϯǵ졣ȥɣη˵
¡¡ˮȫ̡Ŀ̫ӡ
ٳٶ۵ˮ壬ҲײԼֿܵġ
˵ˣ˼ҵļ£ҲҲ֣ҳ
壬ˮױȵġ
ԼҲɾѪ֮λ߶λߵѹƣôҲ޷
ͬľ֮£δѾ߰˷֡
̫Ѿŭˡ
úõĴԼҸۡû뵽ȴɫһ¾ͱͨ죬ŭɶһԾ𣬴
һ̫ӾͻΪ޴צŭĦ˭ĵҸ£ȥݹҲֵꡣ
Ħ
̫ӡ
ˮһæܳԶ
ճվԭأûжֻǿСֺǵ⣬˼
ĺϤ
ûпǷŵ
ӦһҲû
СΣʱѾױɫԭ׾ӨۼףֻһתۣͽȻ˽
ԶԶ֮ϣһ޴׹̫ӵͬһҲʮﳤ
һצƷ̽ȥſգػ谵
еİĦһҲ̽޴צгɽ޴УأԺ󵨣ּ񣬾Ȼҷ£ֵ֧üޣ
䡭
һ죬һ㣬ˮҡҡλεģһһЩˮʯѹţҽ
âҫ֮УĦһ𣬾Ȼܲסɳȥ
ճȥͼצȺѪҺ䡣
ȻС
̫ӰҵˣХһϾŸɱʢƷһǣһǰ˹ȥ
ҲϺͿˣúõĸԴëȥͥţҪȥˮħӸ̣ĦԼȥҡ
ϣŽãң˵ô˿㣣ԭͶ˷ţѹ㾭ǰϺΪŮȴǳ⣬ˣ
ô˵б¾ʹӮңû¾͸
ȫð⣬֮ʵӳˮԪȫΪ𵶽𽣡
ͻһأıУ¡¡籩ȥĦͷܣۼ䣬Ѫ١
ڵģ
Ħһͷ­ͻأһڣ⻪һʮ̲
޴һΣѲ
̫ڿһᣬʧŽΪΡ
ͷȻոյĹ̫ϢδƽɫͨŭδϢͷƫģ򺣹Ҳ˸ӵóҵġ
䡣
ˮʱŻعȲʡ
ѹԵƴӮһս̫ȫû¶Ц
ϯΪֹ࣬ѹӽһĦưոݣкҾһЩҪñˣһ֪
ǣӦ¡
˵껰̫ӾֱȥȻѾûа˼
ͷ׳ȥ
ճҲˣ⼸ӦСұۡ
Ը̫Ħ֮ʱ֮Բ֣Ϊļ£̫ò֡
ִ̫̫ЩµģǴ
ճĿɨЩ壬ת뿪ˣûкҲ⡣
ոռЩȡ
ȻֻС֣ȴչֳ˼ǿΪ죬ǹ֮н֮ʱһѹճĶִδյ
ϸϸһ£ͷ֣ǵԼ磬պΪһ壬֮Уܵõ
⶯֣޾Դӳ֣֮¶֣ѵֵ
֮ԣûִ֮ƿռĩһΰʵΪȼһ
Ŀռƣ߽֮ʱ
಻Ϊƾÿ䱾ʡ
ǰһճʵȥֻⶶһӣܰ綼ñ
磬ܴɽʯ飬ⲻˣʯͷӲˣռȹˡ
ʵϣ֮УʱΪٲˣֻΪȥ
ļֻ׶壬Ľףܴգ˵֮оˡ
ⲻһεճס
ĵ֮ǰѺˮ澭ɣ޳תѪת޾תͻס
ܵвճܲϰߡ
λͬ塱ΪţȥһЩ£Ȼͱ϶ʯţר



1716 ǵθ¶ϣ
ճչҴҵģʵҲǱΡ
֪Լ꣬ۼڣαװñ˿˿ԣǣЩ̬棬˻ɡ
⡱¼ȻΪ̫Ħĵ˾֣Ҳһѣ˵ԼҪطŽɣ̫ġ
ǣҲֻΪ̫ӱЩƫ𷨣ŷž䣬Żһ쳣ӣ־ûôúŪ
λͳ죬ȻǺţЩʱʱճתţץסСӡ
Уճէ̫ͳȻûȣǣܿȺڵ֮ȥˡ
սһͳ㾫ôԹ
ճЩ⣬ϸҲ֡
пܣ²ĸͳô򵥣ԭԼ̨˶ԷӣϹȥ
Էܻܿ룺Ϊͳ죬ֽѵ㣬һ˾Ȼһ֣˭ĵ
Ժ󣬳ûûεļһʱʱĿ֮⣬ˮ϶ԼЫˡ
ԣһϲֻǰ
Ǿ
Ҳ֪ԴʲôҩʲôŹֵĴ㣬ûµܻ῿ǰ
˼֮󣬷ճԶȤͺúõĸճ˵ˮ淨
ǰͳδ˵ġ
Ǽһֻڴ·ûǲѧˡ
㣬Ϊˮ淨Բƽ٣Ҹһܰǧ˵ȥˡ淨ʵǸģԲΪҲٳɵġ
£ҪôΪ
ճﰵƿڴһƹŪ̫ӻĲʲô񣬴֣ȫǲ³ͷ
ﲻˬȴǲ⡣ճʣϸϸʹ
ϰֻҪͨŸѨϣܳ׼ȫѪΪ̫ӺٴؼУֻϵܻ洫´󹦣ҲпܵõڣͳûѧᣬԲһֱؿڡ
ͲӣʲôҲţһԾ˵˳
죬۽΢̡
࣬ճʾ⶯϶ɰܽΡԷȴߣëȻǿסģЦݡ
ʱճҲɵԼݼá
Ҵ繦δ϶ǵòˡճʧ
ҲȻ㲻ǵ㻯𣿲ĵ壬ǺԴŮְú˫ޣʲôֵ
ָĵȴ˵Ŀ
ŮȻָϺλ˵СĽģϵҲ㲻
ճЩӾûཻ̫ʣҲ֪Ϣġ
һߵĴ㡣
ԭһ֣û̫õ̫ôͰԼˡ
ͷŸ߲ʣͥɭϣֻзţŻն
ΪӰ죬ţȺ֮أʱʱĻԵԸۺ࿴
ЩбʵĴջʵ㲻ʲôָ߲ߵͲ͵ˮȴѵõĴȡ
뷨Ҳܼ򵥣Ǿûһӣʾãһϵĳи֮ԵʱԷ˺ôԼҲܷһǡ

ܵ们忿۷ŵ⣬ճгԲǿЦл֪Ժ˺ôȻġ
Ȼ󣬾ûȻˡ
Թ֮УճҲƵĶ˶֮УƱչء
չ޷⵹ǽڣճľԼʵЩȫˡ
һգڴ֮УȺĳ⣬һ̲ס֡
ʱСӴѹΪףԼ磬磬Ѿκˣڴ˷磬ȴǻ̫Զ
бҪѾתתĹתٲҲҪ޵ٽ㡣
ͨܲתԡ
飬ģС
ճ˿ݣȻһԭǾСѾͷĸ
ֵ֮Ѿﵽ࣬ʱýȫȻۡ
߲淨ȫǼѪתȫ¸ϸ΢ĩҡ
߲֮󣬾ҪһĶ
ճſںʯϣɹΣʱʱŤţڳ߳ܵƣѪڲѭ
һᣬƯѪҺڡ
ȼһǧˣת



1717 ǵθ¶£
ΪΣյĸоճҲ˲ðͰ֮ƶ֮£ⶼ͸
֮УܿѪҺһľͷüΪŨ
У˷ۿ䵽ڲ
Ѫı䣬ǱΣǿ׳
ճʶһһ֣¡¡ֱӿ֫ٺͷϿһͬǶһ͹ϸС֦辡
ãˮ淨˲㣬ѪǾŲ
ճһԾԼͷϵ֦ǣЩƲƲ졣
ʱȥĻһ˵Լ˧˰ɡ
ǣòͷ϶ǣôôŤ
ʱҲǹעòʱ򣬾Ų淨ĸıǾ޴ģúúӦһ¡
ȭȣ˺䣬еľͳһϸС磬
ֻÿһȭÿһţ򽫳ȥ·֮
ҲһЩ
ոջγɹʱĸͷԵݰС֮󣬾Ͱθһأգ˵Ŀΰ
ǱȲĿͷǼһף׳ͷҲǺܸߴˣҪ
ϾѪ棬ǱȲ˼ҵġ
ճ߶䣬ȴҲûʲô
֣Ųˮ淨ɾ֮ڵҲ˱仯

һץͻأһƬںһͻΪ
ָ΢΢һǱȥ붴ߺ֮У¶һĿ
𡭡
ճЦδЪһƻȼ޵һ⡣
֮ϢľͿճһƬˮ
׵ҲǴþˡ
ճ֪ԼֹĻʵĻ棬ҲûʲôԵĹǺˮŲ淨ˮת
磬Ǣˮ˺ĻԹӽԺҲη塣
ճϲãһͰƬͷУһڹӰ
̫ˣֱҾǧıҲ򶷸Ҳƣۡ
ճһ£֪ԼʵʲôΡ
ѾָʱѪӣƺǿһ
趯ǧʵֻǧȫһȥʮ﹥ҲֻǵС
ʱᵽǶôı
ǿңȻһ֮˵ܴ衣
㾫ܾܿġ
⻹δֻŲ㣬˴ĺôϧԾûгתΪֻܳΪ֡ѪŨȣܻܿȲ̫ߵ
ĬĬһ£ճ侲ʶԪԴԴӿ֮УۿţҪﵽĳٽ㣬ͻȻͣ
ڳתΪתұĵ̣԰Ƶɽٵĵز̵ǣɾɣҲͻס
ڤڤ֮ȴоһ˿ס
ѾѪѵ͸ͻ𣿾˾ת㣬Ҳֻһѣ츳Ͳ˺ܶ࣬˷һתԵ
ܾô٣˵ҲһõĶɽٵطͻƵףתת¶ʵ͹ܿСĵ⡣
ؼǣͻףȻСĶֶ֣࣬ںҲӲԶЩΣա
˼ճһͣ³תδľٶ
ʵ᲻˵ǸϢϣԻΪ
ճ˾ҲͲˡ
뷴ԼʱͻƣҲһЩĵٵȵȿһµûлõ
ĥ䣬ʯŷơ졣
ˣˣټһ
ȻСҲ̫ӣЩŹˡ
ճһʯţͼüۣʾ
û뵽Ǹƨ㡣ճʾʶˡ
տʼʱһ룬ֵĽԼֵܣһһģ
ԴճǴսʤ˸ͳְλһ𵱳ûʲô̫Ӧֻһš
ûͱĵӡ
ˣƨ㣬ͷʲôվֱˡճȵ
æ̧ͦͷüŪ۵ģԾԵʮֱ΢һЦ
ճ˴ҡҡͷֻϺȥ

֮У̫Ӹλվһԣû˵
ճ৵˹
ȻǸأ㻯ͬСɡСһ״죺Ϊ죬Ҫ˶ʱ䣬ͿԸϱ̫ˡ
ճʵܿõα仯ܵϢǿ
ʵϲСλͳλҲʮ𾪡
θߴ׳࣬ͷ֦ϿϸףҲ˽ɫ۴ּףȥɱڡ
Ŀһ㶼֪ΣۺͼʣȻһĿ⼫޶񶾣
һӦڸ̨֮˽˵顣
ղֲûгԿΪ׷Լˡ
벻ܶС
ճӦһҲ⣬ֻЦҸ̫ȣȫǵθ¶ĹͣϣԺĽͻ仺Ҫ֪Ҫȵǧء
ȻǰѾһλѣٴ˵ճûа㲻˼
СӦú׽ţôԼΪҲƵϣĻʲôĵطͲö˵
ֻ᲻Դ˼
Ŷԭˡ
ճ˵ǣСһ˿Ȼ
֬ƿеĸ¶ãǾܽ͵ͨˡ
Ҳһ˭ϲ߶һͬԷˮһļһ
ĻȽԼʮֲ
ˣǾ˵£ո˵ھһᣬҪ¾ͬĵʱˡֻҪ´󹦣ʹš
´صĺСЦˣֵ̫յ̶̲ʥҪСᡯӣҺܸȤǿ˭Ը£ȡ
̫оڣɨһȦ
æͷҿ
ýӰ̶̲ʥȻֻһˮ̶ûʲô˲ۼȸǰ㲻ۡ
ˮȴһ㶼򵥡
ҪϷҲ۲ȴҪ



1718 ´ȥãϣ
У̶̲ʥҲһۼʵʵҲ㲻ʲô̫Է赭дͿԿó
̶̲ʥΨһֵóƵʵǼŹ㲩ϲЯ򵥵˵ǽιִ󷽣
ĶǸɽˮɽţħµħԭħȡ
Ȼһ㣬һŮʥòΪսˮ֮дķӢĽĶ
Ĳ˵ЩӾһʮĺ֮ͷߣΪʹߣ˭ҪԱ̶̲ȾͽԾͷߵĴ
ǿȻδȹ׵壬˼Ͽһж߲Ҫɷɻҡ
̫Ϊ̫ӣݹأ˵ˮ嶼Ͻ֮УֻҪò̫ݣ̶̲ҲΣĴϣҲű̶̲Ը
۲ҪıҲ
֮У㣬˭ǿ˭
޷ǾǳƤ顣
Ⱥ˵ȫһˡ
ʵôԱʱͷȥȡһıǳɹʧܣֱɱûʲô
·֮󣬻пܱӵЩˡ
ΪΣ̫󣬾رҪطҲ֪֮Ӧ
¹ֱ̫˵òʵǵΪǳҪڱ̶̲飬ͲܣҪģֻҪһǱ̶̲֮УӦӻصϾʱһʥ֮УѲġ
̫ߵϹһЦǿ飬а跨ȡã˭ȥӦõӾ뿪ԽǲԽã뿪֮󣬶û˼ǵ˭
ôһ˵ˡ
վС˺ܶࡣ
ǣƽԾʱȴǵͷ
ճһ㾫ƽʱôҪϵôʱʵе㲻ԡǰ̫Ӹ޵ĿԼۣʲô˼
ûףԱͼæӦֻǽӦǱ뿪£ҿ
ؼɲô׵ֵģƽҪͣŻýͣճĹΣÿ˵ǲòУʱ̲סҪͷ
УΪ̫ǳԳеΡ̧ͷ˵תС񣺡ˣҵи飬˴жҪΪٶȿݡҪǣҪûϵóºҲѰͷϡΪ÷
ף
ȫճòϣֻ񣬻û˭ʡ
һֱΪҰҲûж೤ʱ䣬˵ܱûһϵóǺηʥ
ۼʵǴθ̨սǰһͳ֣ӲΪһ˵׳ͳ죬ٿ˵һס
ã鲻ϹҲǵͷ̾
ʲôû˵Ҳճʺ벻ʲôԵԴǡ
Ͼʲô񣬶òĺǾǱ˷ֵĺ
˷ˣΪɾͱ׽ǱЦ
Щͳ츱ͳ죬ȫһЩˣ˴඼ʶǼҪˮ㲻ע⣬ʵͦ׵ġ
㣬ʵǿİֱ֣ȱ
̫ӺҲзŹ⣬ճ֪˵ǲˣһ͸оЩԣʱףԭԷš
Ҵģôۣ˭ͷºȥ϶ᳶԼ
ؼǣ¾ȻƼЩ˵ˡ
˲֪Ϊλͳ촦¹˺õҲøˣﲻף㾫һֱڼǺո̨ս飬һŻ϶Լӣôк˼
𣬴˴ѡĪƾΪͷԣֻǾ֮ͣаһˣҿóˮ淨Ų㣬ûţ֮Ѷɣɲʲôʱ򶼻еġ
һ׻׻յ
ڹΪףȷż˵˵ʮֳϿң˲֪ľͻ
̫Ӷճ͸ѹȣƺһԲϾҪŻģ
Ҳ৵˹ճʶУѾӦԷǿΪ
⻹Ӧˡճﰵ֪ŪȥϴΪ˵õˮ淨ͷ£ʱûʲôõĺͱ˵ˡ
С˵ǰûʲôΣգҲŵġ



1719 ´ȥã£
ճãֻǳȥӦһ±ûʲô⣬һҲûʲôˡ
ֻϣûʲôʡ
ϣ̧ͷͱ˷ܿȣЩģ¹ϵشǱӦǲѣֻʵ΢ʱѱŪ˾Ͳˡ֪ţɷд£Ҳʵ
⣿̫ɫһ
ǵһμˮҽģһͱԴιϺˡ
æ߳һ
Сϱ»ǿЦѽǰ裬ǲܵģ˵ҲûеǺãҾʹǰѨţ֪ʱ֮Ҳû취һ裬ɺã
ã
½Դϲ
СָһŽ⣬ճУϸϸ쿴һ£ԪϲõͬʱȴǸӾˡ
㲻ҪܴӦûйŹǾйˡǿ˵ɵĻ£̫ѣҲ档ѨٻѴֵҲݳ
СҪùܲңȴˡ

£̫Ӿʹ磬һγУȴûдŴУֻ¸֡
˵УǾں˲ϢСȴûųҲԼȥ
ճͿֻ񿥺׷㡭
һ˶繬ľ޳ھ֮䣬ֱûκһǰУٶȼ졣
ֻϹꡢ衢ͺȫΧ㳵ԣɭϡ
㳵ֻ̫ӺܳİŮ
ճβţʱʱЦŵƷ㡣
øӣ֪㻹ܶãճСųͷһ˿Źͷ·
ʱѾΪһֻ˶ĽɫСǰСͷϳǣƬԣһ
Ǳ͹β֮ϣ沨Ҳ
Ϊû̫һߵһ顣
ӳһĵԶˣˮ
ʱҲԲμӡᡱ
̶̲ÿǳģֻҪΪпɣ˭Űݷãһϯ֮ء
˷쳹ĺ
ʥôʥ֮
ճ㳵棬ֻҪ׷ͿԣúԶտʼʱʱʱĻͷ˺ϾͲ׷ѹˡ
ǸӦ
ˣǼһﲻǵ˺ôѾ˰ɣѾˡһ˵
ɭҧ죬ƺź
ܣֲǺϷŽѵõĻԵֵôӣﲻŵ˵ʵۡ
˵ʵڵģʵҲͦȥġ
㶮ʲôɧǱС˰ɡû¶
޴΢΢һĵĺ¾Ͳ˵ˣǰ
ʵԼΪ£ָͻǰ˺ҧһ̫ˡ
Ҫ۴£ûнǵ˱̶̲֮ȫùܺԼ͡
㳵֮дһȴ̫Ӳˡ
ͷٶ˵
Ǻǣͳ첻ҪǣЯĸݣǲ뿪ˣʮġ
ԭˡ
Ȼ򣬸˼
ĸǺʿѶС⣬ȻҲжλĹܡ
սҪϵʱҲÿװһôһ̡
ǺӣǰϹһµСи㣬ﲻɵþӿһɺ⣺ϼ޻ԭ˽϶ǵӦĸˡ˵ɱϢС֮УϼһգԺСˡ

ԶԶڳճڣһ߸·һһδӵĺʱȫһ
Ǵγǰ˿˿㯣񾭶ʱ̱ţʱ̸ӦźΣͱĳһԼһ̵
һСľͻô˴Ͷ̥ת˷ѵ
ˣֻܻ˻磬һʧԵҲˡ
ٲһЩΣգʱ˵һܹеĺӾѾ
ʵƿʱգһؼ磬ֻһΡ
ڣѵĹؿѾȹʱʵȻƲҲһ麣дˡ
ˮ淨Ų㣬þתһЩƾųһȵĽδԽս
ֻҪյ֣´ȥá
걾ʼǿֻӡһۼ׷ٵϢʧ
һĬĬļ·ȴһиԶЩ
ȥʱǰͷ·صʱ򣬾͵Լһǰˡ
һνӦ˱Ҫͻʶ·ɲС
˳ճʵ̫ǰ뿪¡
ļƻУܹС
УϣΪɹ
ʱ򣬲Լݺ£ĴѰһԵʱ



1720 ʵǺ踣죨ϣ
ɽ֣ʯգһ羵
Ǳ̶̲ˡ
ճܳˮ棬ڰߣͼǰһƬ̶ͬıˮԼŹ̨ͤⱦ
һƽ̡
̶ˮССĹʯţͬ岼һԵֱ顣
һʯɽ̶̲ọ̃̾Ҳ֪ǲʺ棬ѾЩԹˣ
ճתһͷһУץסһϢսһţǾͳЦȻ֣ǿ־˴мǿģԵ̫֮֮ϣʥιԡ
뵽Լְš
һжؼĵطƾʵģҪҪμĵĽ壬ǹĲҪԽǲעĿԽá
һΣͻΣ߳ߣ汦⣬Ϳ죬ǡ
Ʋڶߣҡҷͬ粨ͷֻ̽ɷۼ׽䣬ԵӢ信ݣ¡
˵ôܲעĿЩңȻżʶѹ
ڳԽҫ۶ĿԽǲ˻ɡ
ճţֻҪЩ˵۲ǰҲ̶ãۣܿóԼһѹӣɾ
ʣôһɫĹӸ磬ôܻ
ˡ
ճҡǰУѹϢȥһոͻ߲ˮ淨γ֪ߵغС
ˮһԼƷɺϹҫۣĿԡ
Ǵرóı˵Ҳֻ̫ƷЩѵãñ֮еɫõ廨޷ǾǲŮһЦѡ
˫ɺһ䣬ϯ
ˮͨճ˿ǰɺһݹЦĽ˹ȥͷǰ·
ԱһֻϹ꣬ɤһĸƺӿ˵ģ
ǣճԪ͸ӦˣֻڹʵԱţƺԼǰʸ֦׷׸СˣǺݹȻҲô롣
ôʵҲΪݿ㣬־ԹȻҺòá
ڣ̶̲ӦǼҽãʲô
һ
ʥﶼȹ֮ϧ˼ҵݣ￴廨ͷһĻɫ
ǰžͷ̫ǰֺţ˸ûаᡭ
ԣа̫ӣ˴һº񽣣Ȼǳʥġ
³ͥͥΣѵһ񽣸ˣϺƳɣ֮ʱߣħʲôá
ô̫ʤһЩˣͷ̫ǰʱʥ˫ԵģտҪҲ֪̲̣
С㣬ֵҪСĻӿڳЩҲ۵𣿡
ĸ۲ݣϳһֹ
֮У⼸λߣʥǶ׸̫Ӿǹ߸˧ͷǵײһ·ɱĺӢܣǳС
߸˧׸ս֣ЩײС˿Ȼֻ۲ķݡ
֣ϼûɶ⣬˵öˣǼ˶У˼Ҳͷˣһָǡ
ճһ߸źݹ븮һ߲ЩԣɻȴǸˡ
̫ôϡ״ʲô⣿
ѵҪȡ˼ҵı
ΪΣְ׷ʥأ
бΡ
ţħ湫
Ҫ㳡ճ̵߰ö
ȴϹ꼤βסеһЩ
ͷһͼһֻ޴Ľɫ޷ֲˮɷĳ˽ǰǰ𣬸
˹Ұš
ɫ׳ϣһͷţǣˣ׵ں§һСľɫŮ
ʥ϶ᣬôٵţٲҪһˮ׵ʲôڱ
ţǻ绹СĺԺ𡣡
ԶԶĴһЦ
һԶѵ˽ǰĿţȫ֪ôġ
һ£μ⣬Ϣǿ׺ݸߺӡ
㾹ȻñһҪֵҲδˣѵʥ϶ھƣɵúúúϼѡ
ħ
ܴһϸС
һ뢣ˮæÿ
һΣû˵Һˡ
ճͷһۣ͸оԶֻͬһ㣬ʮܡ
̽˹ȥǸʯһֱڵĸо顣
ʱţħħӦʥ֣СҪǿϲ١СʵƶϣҲ߽׸֣ǲ֪ûдﵽ˽ףӦûеģҲᱻѹţ޸ɽ룬
ճĬĬ˼һ¸ȼЩס
Ӵ칬֮ʱ߹ʱ̣ʱߴʥ֮һָսǿᡣ
սʱĺӺķ˸ǣԳѹ
ô˵һѾκβ
Ƚףһ˵ǰ˽׽ɡ
ĻĺսѾԱˡ
ȻЩһһλƽɣ˵ǴϹʱھͳɵĸˣǴӵתͶŵģѰҪࡣ




1721 ʵǺ踣죨£
ճȻ֪ΪʲôʵҲ򲻹ǸҲѶԸ
ųϷĿܣʵ½ˡ
ЩֻԺתתճͲٶ롣
ȻսΪҲھ磬ôǰţħħŰ˽׽ɶ̫Զ߽׶
ͥͷţҪԸǣҪѴ
ѹЩƴƣ¶ûȥᣬԭˡ
Ӧֻʵճĥһ£ˡ
ͥͷţڴ֮һֻ۱һֻۣȥɱֻǽ̻ĸԭʵլʺ񣬶в
ܲѧ⣬˽Ǳ߽ǿȴһӮ
̫ǻóõϼһżˢӣ˭ûһѹ׵ľ
˭ܴƱ˵һ﷭˴
ƴɱüһЩͨؼԼƵء
֮䷭̷ɱ֮ģҲûпܡ
ο˼򲻹ˣܣɺѵķ
ԣţ޵һûɨѹ
һСľͻͱ˸ѡ
һԭǣʵԽǸߵһΣԽϧԽ˴
ֻҪӰ쵽Լңգɷһ㶼öܷҲΪΣĴնħն涼
˼ô๦ȥɱ֡
Ļʵۣ֪ɽˮˣԽҲȥֻɳطȥַһ¡
ܴӮãӮûϵ´аʡʡ

ȴǰճźݹһǵɺС
żϯԵЩľ
ȥͼһЩ࣬ˮ½ͬصüĿ㣬ȻӢ䡭
֮䣬ȥbiubiu
һ
ճոʮ˫Ŀವһ˹ŨŨźԶ͸Ӧˡ
ϸ֮󣬺ǸӦճϢǿ־ȫﻥභ
ðɣʮλȫСӦǰ׷ʥġ
ǰſۣճ̾ˣЩ˵ĵӺζ
б£ȥԾͷߺ̫ӣ𣿲һŮˣԣһŮճЦ
ֵܣʥڣΪȫڴ˴Ĵ䣬ѵ̶̲һΡ
ճһݵˮʵ
ϸۣνýͷϺһΣӦһֻϺɾʵԼںˮ淨߲ңȥʮ־
һҲ֪Ϊԭ򣬻ۺܸߣγ󣬻мӢҲºͿϲ
ԾʱճһŲȥϺʮˣҪöˡ
˭ֵܣ㣬ʹϵʥܼǳŻʵ죿ڱ̲츮һϯ֮ؾѾܲˣͱˡ
Ϻھһ硣
ǣǺɣﵹټúܣΪϡƷ֣ܵñ˹Ͳǳ֮ˡ
øСһɧҲԼ
ճһûȤ죬ɶҲû˵СοΪСЩһʵǿȴǿÿ¡
ҲûԼļƻѾɹˣٲΪͼı
һԼСֵļŭӦ̫˧ˣǸܵŨŨв
̫˵ŵİӻں԰ȵҵʱԼǰȥӦＴɡ
ǣʲôʱ򣬲ҵʱ򣿡ճʾЩ⡣
λСų⣬˳ˮ۵װһŭ飬ߵһԡ
ˮïʢʺϵ͵ء

ʥһüĿߣźǿ׺
վϯǰӭͣһ߸˻̸Цһ飬ȫǻصԼһ㣬㶼þ
ƼѹˮһĶϯݵλߵһЩ壬ѾʼƱյ˵ʱĺ˻ĵŰԣò֡
Сϯǰճĵ˹ȥͼǼһʱһЩЦ̸һǫӺݣ˵Ĺ
ԱԶһЩֻͰࡣ
һֻͷӰûн
ճתһȦһϢͼ䣬ˡ
ϯΧŵмյ֮ϣֻ߲֣һѣŮȹβõ˳
̣ϻ籽棬һŶѴСĹԲ鷢߲ʹ⻪
ֻһ֣ӳ԰ʹ⡣
ŮȻʥˣĸǾ
һ԰б͵ķͷȫһգ嶼Ͷ˹ȥ۶գ
Ҫģ߲⣬ӳʥϡ
潻ӳ紦صξ֮С
һʱ֮䣬˶Ѻˣ´Ψ
ճԶԶţоâ䡭
֣Դⱦһ֣ԼѪҺͷڻڸ質
ֻǿۣԼΪ΢΢Щ
ĸӦ鶴Ҳֱܷ籦ʱѪӿ䣬֪ѪǿűԼô
С˵ò岻ʲôı飿ʲôͨ鰡飬ʵǿò˼ڵ
ճ۾һգգ΢΢Щȡ
ãȻ飬ʥܵõ˱ʵǺ踣졣
ţħһվѾ̳Ӷײ



1722 Ҳϣ
ħһ䣬ѵ˳Уͷϸ˼ۣſ̾鷨΢Ȼǳϡʥ֣͵͵ˣ˵ٽһҲƴʥοҪóأ
εºܣҶռ飿˵ȱе֮˷ɳܣ磬ҲֻǷųһϢѣڴ黨δͿˡ
Цҡͷ̾
ʵϣʵҲǲᡣ
ǣһ仰ʵ˵ûԵ֮ˡе֮˷ɳ֮ܲ
ܴ󣬸˺ܶ࣬ͨ˾ˣҲûʲô˲𣬵ȼƷÿһɱʬɽѪ
һܲġ
ΪǿԱ飬ϧǡ
ΪɢͥŹ»ͲܵӻûʲôȨ
ȻҲЯ飬ⷽҵר޳֣ȻͲֵˡ
ˣҰ
һ̶֪̲ʥ飬ĺͥɽᶯ֡
ΪЩܽ
ʵϣõĹ̲ǺأЩѾ֪ˣֻʱûжְˡ
ϼ޻֮İڳĿ֮ɴҹͣҲûкô
գͥɽֶĺֵͷߣð
˭ĺô࣬˭ߡ
ϢˣͲܲҪȡᣬͻ˴֣Ļ̶̲һҲõܴô˵Ҳͥ߷ŪһͳӴ˲Ϊɢ
˵˹٣ߵﶼһȡ
ȻЩҪĴСܻܿıᣬһ㣬̶̲ȴǲġ
ֻҪ;ˣ˭ҪǣѰ·
ʥ̾Ϣ֮УҲ΢΢Щ⣬ȴûע⵽мϯλϣһλӢε̫Ķǿ飬Ρ
ֻҪҵõ飬ԲѪһԾﵽ۷壬ɡ
ƾҵĸͥɽҲκβáʱҲĦֻĸƨļһԶ֪ʵǿжҪ
СУȴ˿ԡ

̾˷
ʥ۾βģһЩ֣һֱǿž޴ģȴһЩѪˮ
УͰճ
̲סǰýһЩԼ
⻹ֵʱڵ֮УҲ󲻵СİӣҪôܰŪС
ѵǼŮ⣿
ԶСλ̫Ӵʱɫ֪ˣ顣
ʱ̾ţֹʮָţȫĳı㡣
Ǹɫ
ճ΢΢ͷ
뵽ԭ֮УλҵñȥۣӥȴȡӴţ
ңһͽܵݶûеõȫΪڡ
ǹ飬ܿڹ̨ϾѾնͷˡ
ľ־ͷȴǳ˱̶̲Ļ֮ʥ˫˫ɣ̫ùˣĴ⡣
أλͷ汻ӺͶ֣һԴߣȴ۵ñ̶̲նɱ
˵ʱһŮҪ
һСľͻ۵Լ￴̶̲ʵҲûдʶˡ
һͷǸݽɫ
ճתͷȥͼһºЦͷɫڵ꣬˼米ֱ΢죬ë
ԭǾֻԴĹˮ½֣ҿʼΪǾͷء
һ䣬ճƺʲôţ棬ëͷ֮е棬Ҳƾͷ񡭡
ǲ֪һڰʲôУСˡ
Сʲôţţݻ˵飬ͥġ
ճǰǲ⣬ڱڶһ飬ʲô
յҲ
̫ˣѵСģ
ֻɣճЩ벻ͨ
Щˡ
ͨ飬ڵ˵Ǿλ˹ǺһĶ
ˣˣȫǴ󲻾棬նɱ
ǣͬСɣֻҪѪ˭̵סΪأ
ڳһЩˮĿҲֱѪҺԴ׷һֽĿȫֹ
ճ۹ɨСͷ桢ţħЩ಻ٹעϸİѼƻһ飬оû̫ΣգרĿС
ò˵ʥЩɫģȥĿúܣΪԴҲ֡
ֻŮƺҲʲôʡĵģվ̨۲ӯӯˮǼŵˣͲĻøУΪԼ˼
ԱСּ໽лš
ճæԶһЩ°ˡ
Ǵ
ʥһЦڵ磬ѵøλ͹⣬һһ𣬾СŮ轣һˡ
ã
ɷǿȡ
ţħ̳һڣˬʴЦȤȤ
ֻţͭһ㣬ŴˣȻɫġ
Ա겻ˣָΪ룬׼ţħ߾ͱȥ
ӴͱҸ
ţħίͷ
湫һۣûСֶŮ
ããֶŮǹ衭ţħЩڨڨֹһھƣһЩ
ʥ飬΢΢ٸߣһ˿ȥ֮УɣһԶçϢ֣ص֮
սҰѪơ
̡̣
ţսģϢȾ֮£衣
ȹƮƮʥವĳһϹҫҫ񽣣Ծţޱȡ
ˮˣ£󺣿
ԼԼУǼ֮ϣսɱ
ڿգԡ
һĽ裬ѪķںһǶң̾Ϊֹ
СкãվȺ͡



1723 Ҳ£
һȰա
ס
ãֱ飬ûʥб徻ɣ̫Ǵֱʰһ֦ȴԵüһ棬û뵽㾹Ȼ񡣡
ͷһЦǺǵ˵СΪƳ磬ƺȫûаѶԷУû˿⡣
ֻѣѵʥϲܹ۴˾裬ʵң
С΢΢һ϶Ц
ʥҲ֪Ǽ١
ճһգ۾ﰵ̾Ϸ˭˵ֲ׷ŮеģЩ˲֪õ֣ȻһЩȷǴֱôһЩȴϼ޻֡
СĶĿǰ˭սϷ硣Ҳøˡ
װµģȺ֮䣬ܴ䣬òƹ۾棬֪Ϳ˺԰

ʥһ󣬾ͰغҲ֪Ƿ˱֮С
ճĬĬ̽ţס·һЩ㡣
С˵ûӦŮ˴Ӻת߻԰Ͳ֪ܷ֣
ʥȥ˺ʱ䲻˳
һΣȴǻ
Ŷ̴װԵüΪ𱬣޹䡣
žƱĴƣȺ
СͷҲһ壬ֻĻڣ˭Ҳûйעܡ
Ǵʱճ΢΢һЦעģͲ԰֮ͨУʧˮɺС

԰羰ãĴɽʯǧ̨ͤܽ䡣
ӳ滨εʢϢ֫ٺڣ紦Σޱȡ
ճ֪ˮʢĻ䣬ʲôƷ֣Ҳͻ۾ģĿԪȴ̽˷
ϧ̶̲ƺ󷨣ֻ̽ףѾѹ⻹ңһԪ񲻹ģܿ嶼
ΣճҲ֡
Ͼ磬ɷʢ磬Ȼַʩ
ټ̶̲󷨣Ҳƽ
ڣǴķޣǲѹԪʵӰ첻󣬵ûϣĵһᣬˮἤӿнŲ
ճͷȥ
һϺͷ壬̽ͷ̽Ե˹һ߰ڻУһΡ
ճɫһϲͳһƳԲʲ˹ǽɣ죬Һò׵֣̽Ӧ븮ٿ䡣
ţ
ճͻȻһֻС
᲻̫ЦˣһֻδεϺ͵ѵ̶̲ķи
ܹѪٽļƷ
ǰ֮ĻȲѹɻ벻ܱôõģ߾ˡ
ճֽӹӣû̫ףϺִˣߣԽãԽ׳£ҿðΣµġ
Уߡ
ճЦЦͻȻ֣ΪӰֱֱץסϺĲֻ۾Ž⣬ֱӴ˹ȥ
˵˭ӣ׽һЩʲô
ȴŭӿ
Ȼˡ
һӵУճһоʮֲԾ鶴֮еСѾͷݡ
ʲôڵ
ģǰһģһⶫʵǺɵ飬ûж档
ؼǣԼѪûһ˿ڸоӱԴƶϣⲢ顣
ֻһż鵹ҲˣճҲֻ̫СƭԼһˡ
ӵǣ˴Ҽȶƺʱܼ
ճʶ֮Уǰĳһ໥ӦţСǺˣ
ӣ˵ں԰֮Եݸ𣬲ߴٿ븮ܡϺճнһ֮־һһʮ˵˳

ճȻ֪һλСߵ֮еǰûڴ֮磬û뵽ڲٳִ¡
Ԫǿ֮ѾƵԻˡԸײεСճѴ֮ʳϸ
Ҫ֣ҲһʵǿһЩİӰСҲδ̫Сˣҵûӵɵֲɣ
ճЦһ׹һͰϺɷĩҽ΢΢˼һ£ȡ
ŶѰС飬ɢӯӯʹ⣬ϢŨǲܾ߱͸ʵһ˻ԻΪ顣
Ϊ֪СôŪģ滹ŵĻĹϢ
ճ֪ʵһּ
ճҿ϶ԼֻҪ뿪ոճñ̶̲̾ͻἤųǰڴ߲çϢȺע
ӭԼģԾ׷ɱ
ܿܣ̫ӻǽµף׷ɱݵһ
ȻпܳԼд׷ɱĿյӶͼı顣
ԳְԼؼӣѹ¾ͷķͷʥĽӶͨģӵĻñ̶̲顣
ϾռȻҪץԼǺܼ򵥵һ飬еõָ·ƣôҲӲԶ
̬ôչԼΪʸ֮ģһա
ΪʲôҪѡأ
ճһתˣԼ½Ұˮûչֳʲôƫƫٶȿþˡ
ǲ¼ԣҲõӡ
ԼΪߵӣȻ֧ŵøһЩ
ʵǿˣͲױץסʱʢȺ׷׷ɱ
ȵעȫۼԼϵʱλ̫ʲôúܡ
յļһ
ճһ˿⡣
ҲҲ罫ƾͼơôԵݹ˼



1724 һǼٵģϣ
ճıԼϺһĳɷɻ֮Ҳ뿪ǿ˶飬룬Ǿһ˿Ц⡣
ת
ճüĽһӴϢ֣ü֮һƬҫ
Ѿɺˮ淨Ų㣬˵㹻ܾתתɵ
ֻǲӭ٣¸һȣҪȵΪ֮󣬲ȫ̽ΰѡ
ûȫתҲֻΪ룬ǲܡ
ʱת֮Уʶ֮оһüģͳֽԡ
üĴһ˿çϢһ˿񱻰һĨʹüȡһѪ
ѪԶźĵԣɢһƿأѹŵζ
̫ż飬ȻźҲģһ˿ϣϾһʱĻۣĺϢôҲģⲻġ
Ǽ飬ɢƵĹâϢҲֻƭһʱᡣϸֱ磬ܷеá
ճҡҡͷͰнѪ֮УĹ֮£֮еں
⻪һͱûɬ
һȥƽƽһű飬ϸӦȴܷ̲ŵĺ嫲ã
ֻˣѾתɵѪУΩΩФҼ֮ͻʣʥϸϸ̽ȵĹ⣬ҲǼٻٵ߾硣
Ǻǡ
뵽ճЦ΢΢Щ⡣־ͽ鶴âһΣͻ翵һֱ̣ǰȥ
Ϊ֮ǰһЩ书ͼҲ¼ʱתڱ̶̲Ϳͬһ㡣
ǿˣҲȥתۼ
ħӶš
ⲢʲôķԪһСɣһЩСֱ
ճ߹֮ûоһ㲨Ҳаֻֻо֡
֪ƾԼΪʹСֶΣСͷߵȴȫˡ
ûҪչȥ˼
ɲɵǣΪ˷ֹбͿӶأ̶̲һֱţţħҲܰԪ񴥽̫̽Զ
ˣճһ㶼Ļᱻ˷ԼӰ
ɨЦЦŵһȥ
̫ӣѵ˺üƣöϧ֪ǻԼֻαݣ
飬ҲܸȤ

̲츮֮УƽУһƬڡ
ϯԶĵطһֻֿһֻͷյһ˽ƺʲôȴȾƵ˼ûˡ
Ƕ棬ƵϹ࣬ҲǺ¶һ˿ɫ̾Ϣһֹ֪ҾͶȰ븮ˣգһСľͻΪʸ֮УȴЩˡ
ԲɵʵǲҴˣûаѶ͵ϣ¿ҲðǱʥ֣鷳ˡ
ᣬ㻹Ųʿ˾Ҳܷѵģܿʲô鵢ˡ
Ȼ˵ҲһЩǣʱʱ̽ͷ԰򣬻ٿŷλ
̶̲棬ȻĵģûеƳҲûд׷ȥ
һƬЦﲻڶ
ʥžƱڵУʱʱЦͬȺ
̫Ӿԣ̸ЦţҲƺЩ಻סˣ޵İ˹Ŀеа
֪̫Ｋˡ
ƻûаԤеηʱһĹȥգҪı飬϶ǧѡ
̫ܲ
βܳɹѲɣҵǿ
˵ţħħʵ죬Ҳ˵ͷһĪ⣬͵˵ʥʥҲ濹⡣
ǣֻҪ̫Ӹڶ֣ӭĺܾܿĽ֣ͥ޵ħ
ʱŽٲ
̫ܵӵĴߴٺŭ֮⣬ͷ亹৵һͳˡ
վУȥ԰һΥûռƻ¡
תҪߣͣü磬˵Сӻ᲻ֲᷢԣӶٵˣ
ûлٵءһ䣬оһͬʱ䣬һȣһԲĶС
㣬̧һͼһԲѴСģֻһͻȻ
һɺ嫲çɢʹ
һʱýԾ
⣬⡭
ſڽࡣ
Ҳ󲻵һΪӻᱻԼС
ңոһѾâ
ôһ̣ɣӲǼġɢĳϢȫǰʥչʾһģһ
ӡУԼͳȥٵ鲢ûǿơ
ȻתͷͿԲԶһ׵ЦȺ֮УųңſھһȫĴȣ̫ӣѵ֣ߡ
ܹŹ֣Ǽһž߱ͬը
֮תͷĿȫǲ˼顣
ץס͵顭

Ҫˡ




1725 һǼٵģ£
ʮϰٵϢϢͬɽôһҡΡ
һţһһХ
ȴţħħоͷ棬ͻȻסһˣǰԲԶ̫Ҳڡ
̫ͻȻҲЩ⼸˵Ҳûӵֻ֣Ƿ·˲ܷɶ롣
ȫҡ
ճ΢΢һЦһУһͱ뵽Ⱥ֮Уʧ

̫Ӹոջսʥ˵˼Ц־һƣĿ⽻ӣ֮䶼кøУʱ
ͻȻ֮䣬ҫ
ʶĹâﲻľһ⡣
⻹ˣڹâҫͬʱһͬըװĺ
̫ӣѵ֣ߡ
ӽˮ𣿺ҴиʲôԣⲻȻȴǱģ£㡣
ʯ֮䣬СͷӦ˹
ӳľԼһž޴飬Ŀɿڴ
»ɣ춼˵ˡ̫һ̾ͷһΪԼżҲ룬ŭǼ飬˭ļٻӵ
ͻȻȫûôӦ־ƣճڣ͸оȫͬһ㣬Ȼȵġ
ԱʥʥţħȫĿ˹Ϊơ
ͷЦ
ʵϣҲϵóĽ졣
˵ǼٵľǼٵģǶϹӰ
žôһ˼ˡ
Ŀ֮£ļٲˣٵ治ˡ
̫ӶྫһĿ⣬һγѰӳ֣һãżӾԲڱ˵УʣֻҪõԼ̽죬ܷϵαװġӿ٣٣Լӳļֱװװ˱ǰ
ԴͺܹϺֻƬ֮䣬ôӦԡ
һҪҧǼٵģ˵֪˭͵
ڶҪ޶֤鲻Ҫٵ
Ҫ죬ţħ˳֮ǰ
ԭ֮УСֻճżӳ̶̲̼
ʱ䣬濴š
иôԼȫϣͻٵ˭Ҳץ˿켣
ǰ棬ȴԶ֮⡭ոռ˴ɶѣֻҪ˭һܿôУ
뵽
һһɫ͸ͬһ㣬ӳֵ顣
һƣХ춯ءǰһͬصԶս֮С
ڿգаԣѪ졣
Զս飬Ȼٵ飬յˡ
治
桭
Сң
Ⱥȫʹŭ
ʥԴһΣһͷԵ
ҲӦǼ飬ǣСճɷɻҵʱɢĲçϢȴǰ㲻١
ֱʮҪ氡
ţħҲĿɿڴȫ󲻵Сֲ
յ飬͵յλΪ壬¾ҲӦ
ο֮ΪƷΪжǿ󣬶ΪѪ̺幦߰
ֻҪڣ֮УǾѪѪ죬ܳ׸ĻѪ֮
ңԴⷽصʶӴ˵;˳
򵥵˵СյĲֻߴС
֮Ϊֵһˣ±Ǩܻŵġ
ţħ˱²ؼֻǷС¶ᱦߣҲǷ·ߣǣȴûзСó
Ϊ벻Сṥǿ飬Щص˼ûУʱȫľľСĿ翴һ
ݡݣ
Ӱζ̶̲ˮӿţʮλͳǰͰ༸£⼸ҷ
СԼӴѹţȫ죬ɫͨ졣
ţħ괭Ŵоˣˣţǰ̫ҲҶֻٵ̫ˡ
ⲻģħģһǼٵġ
֮ܵ־Ҫ٣Сɫ৵ĲҰףȻӺܸߣΪ֮λӦԼ̳С
֮λҪͼıĺ
ıɹ֮󣬲ܱ˹飬ܰŪС
ȴû뵽Ƽתֱ£͵ʴ˰ףֱʱûףôᷢչһģ
̶ȥ֪ĸһﱻˣһ¡ʥɫڳһ
շҹѷʥһʱ뵽ԼҸڼͽȻô׵飿
ʲôħģһҲŵģĸˮһļһɼöˣԼʮְ߰취Աܹħԡ
ʵһ˿˿ϣŻԼǿ飬Ȼں֮Уûб
ʥȻᵽ˼ӦһĿĿСһۣתȥְοͨ
ߣѱܸгԼˡ
ȴûע⵽֮ʱ鴮֮УôһӣϢľޱȵڷ֮ϡ



1726 ̲ǧˣϣ
ճһֱȽϺתļ𣬴ִ˵УԿóŹʵǸ
˵Ĺǵڣ洫ħɷܻи⣬žת֮߳Ϊ˾ķţȴȫôһ¡
Ԫȱ֮⣬̫ˡ
ңű仯
ǿᣬ仯ķħ֮ʵҲв٣Źþͺڣϴ򲻻ұ仯ȫӵȼ;Ĳࡣ
֮ʱҲֻǸոճ粢ôԾԼʦʦȫûаӳ°Ӿ͸ɣƫƫκε
ˣҸץס
ս֮ʱ仯ȥ̽飬µĹֱͣҲ塣
˵꯻߻ᱻܣᱻı̫ǿˡ
˺Ҳͬˡ
Ȼ츳ǿŮ洲ɫʯǣո޵ʮ䣬ʦ֮ʱΪҲ̸ж
ټͥ˼䣬ܳĲ˵ضʤһ黰
ܹһӴɱķһֱ仯ֲ֮ҪҪġ
ֻҪǼĴͨ߳棬ʲôۣۡۡı仯֮ǰȫЦ
ԣճһʼ;ˮ㡣
ֻҪһ̫ƭԼȥ֮𣬸ʵҪõô
Ϊ֮췽ȽϲȻ㻯Ѫˮ淨ҲᴿѪô˵չ׻ǳ˵㡣
ձ˵ǣë֮ѳɴ
ðɣȻҲǴŽǣ˼
ͷҲݣ޵С
ѪҲΪ߶˵һֲ֣ʯϹҪһ㣬չöѪˡ
ǣ˵ѪⶫһУܻԽԽϡͬȣѪҺ̺֮һ
ճԭţϣ֮ٶɹɾɣҲǿˡ
Ҫʵͦʵģ̰Ĳ㡣
ģ˭ǰֳһأֱǣֱ콵벻ҪС
׻˵費ȡ̣ԻԵʱ򣬵ȡ
һһõ
ôܹ
ˣҪת仯ӵȼ׹ˡ
ȻԼı仯Щħ巨ŵĴܿ뾡취ơ
ɤӺһѾ֣̫ӣ⵱Ȼǹʲ󣬾ǱֲţҲЩɻ
ֻҪдɣǻᡣ
ʢóĲçԵϢ֮ʱȻҡ
ճʱ򣬲עľ˵˺Աߡ
ò˵ʵ̫ˣߴķӣҪСҲСȥ
ȺдСעתƵĵڣһԾԪת䣬ͱ仯鴮ϵһ顣
̶̲̫㣬ز죬ҵģҵˣҲ˼ʥ½ƣҲһͻƵˡܲȫڵķƤӵ£
͵ճȫû̫츳Щ뷨ġ
ԼҲǾҵ˴·
СԸ񣬼ȾֶɣǴƣЩճǴſˡ
ҿ϶Ǽʢ֮ʱĳλ̫ӾԵһʱǻʬ𼣡
Ϊ̫֪ǼٻҲȫ֪ٵֲֵһĵӣ˿ʹ
ңճ֪Сñ˷ǿż
˵һ˷֣̫ӵȫ˴֡
ԣճ֮£ǿӱס϶ᱻݻ١
Ȼˡ
ż飬ճþתѪϢ֮ԭСµֽţϢ˾ųɾš
ƾǼʶ㣬ֻҪϸϸ̽꣬ôҲֲٵġ
ʥʥôԼұصʵΣҲȥһۡ
ԼҲصúúõǲı˵ߣ
Ȼпʥغճֻ˵ԼãΪԸˡ
ʵϣܲغ쿴ʥ
ӣ޾Ķʵɣʵ̫ߡ
ճӦһϢλŮΪԼ߲˶٣ֻ׺ڣҲ۷塣
ճʵΪ̸һӸ£۾磬ʵҲѾһ̤סֻûɳתԪһ
Ԫ棬λħ巨ŵĹҪǿϲ١
֮£ճ仯ϸ飬ʥķ֮ϣͬ
Ԥǰ㣬û㾯


1727 ̲ǧˣ£
Ҹҿ϶תԱȵһЩ츳ͨˣпܻҪ
ԽʹãճԽǾ죬ͬʱҲЩ档
ΪôһŹǵһǷţûдأ
µӾѧˣǣ
лưɣʲô˶ѧᣬҪˣǸǣԡ
ճҲ֪ԼʲôƣȻܹѧ᣿Ҳȥ־ᣬֻǰԼһıʯӣ˼룬޵ãʥͷ֮ϣĬĬļ·
һ·ʥת䣬ֲ·ڣŻͨŵǿϢصء
ͨһһͭС֮ǰ
Сǽϳ̦Ϣ׾ǰب֮ǰѾš
ֵǣãȴκŻڣȥһ塣
ǰλϢǿͷ׳ʥμ
ˡʥ˪˰֣üͷţ˳ȥ
ȷλ֮Ƿڼ顣
ǣĸͷ󺺻һԵľ˳һͷ
ܰﲢûʲôʷѵǼԵ๴᣿Ƕɣߣ̫˵ģǰǼٻ
ʥĿĵĿż˿ʮָǰ켣
ۼγӡ
ոհŽȥãҪȡ֪ıǷʧԣٽ顣
֨ѽһȻһͭСͻȻгһŻԶ
ʥ̧ȥûǰ󣬶оһըףԴһϮ
ͷһΣǰڣͬҹճ췱ǡ
ã͵ϮˣôܣһŭĵѾŤͷһƣ۽ɨһЦŽ׵Ľü꣬ʱ澪ջؽ˸ȭͷ
Ҵң
ʥʶֻʣ²˼飬ʲô֪ˡ
ճǰλǧĵŮڵأҲǰ𾪡
ŮԴӲתתǣ֮ȼգõûðûдա
һȭΣʥתսȻǶʱ֮ڿԽ˵ġ
˶˱֮ǰǿɾִЦˡ
ʥ壬һ̤ͭСǰͼⱦС
еģһϸС֧ܣһУ͸ϢãԶʮϤ
̶ֹ̲ʶתճȴԶ鶴ɨ蹦ܡ
ͭСոһ߷϶Ѿɨ赽ڵҲҵڵλã˺֣ʥһȭôڵء
õ飬ճҲ̲סѪ֮еķںͿЦտһھȥ
ףȥѣʱһʵǺõġ
뿪;б˶½ʱ䣬پ˵еʥЩԼоҲ
Ҫҵľתδֻܱ仯ܱ仯ܹʱɲ۵ССϺγȥҲɡ
ɷǹŹ֣ǧԲƺǼʵȴĻΪһɺֱӽ˵ڡ
һĵӿͷ
ճ˼άתţֻоԴҪƣְϢʵ̫̫㡣
ƺصǰԵʱԼΪһ޴ںĴϣšսţӿʼıս춷أѪȾ̿ա
⻹ֹԴﴫϢͬʱѪҲͬһʱ俪ʼ
һŲѪһҪͿһɼǿԵĸоһȭܴƲ񷡣
ŤᣬѪҺںϸͬһ㣬໽лżٷѡ
ĸоÿһϸľ붼ڿ£һƬ顣
ʹ
ճҧҧӶ΢΢Ľȫλģ꣬һּѳܵʹ
棬ϸƬͷʼֻССǣĴһ㣬׳
Ҫˣ̫̫ǿȫϮ򣬴ʱܵ飬ÿ뿪
˲Ϣ֮ı仯ճףԼһ³çˡ
û뵽֮󣬱仯֮죬Ҳֹͣ
ؼǣ̫ʹˡ
׳Ѫһʱʱ̵̿ĳûпס
ҧҧʹţճ˲Σתڳȥ
ʵҲûأǿϢͬһ㣬ͭСǰˮ˺졣
κˣ˷
ճǿпԼ岻ΣλΪһỊ̃ӹǰ
ոճӭ汦ãıܲ͸ĵն׺ɱ
ӣѹô
Ķ̫ˣǾ죬ǿ˼ģĸͷﻹӦ
ǷӦҲ죬һʱ䲢̽ǳֹ
ͬһ壬γɵֱ޵㣬ҪƬͨȫն顣
ݡ
ǧǧâиžţƬռ䶼նҡԪ糱纣
̲ǧˡ
ճ֮ʱŹ׵֮˵Ǳ̶̲־ǧͬһˣͬʱʹ޵ӡ
Խսܸ֡
̶̲ռ̲֮ż׵Ҳԭ֮һ
ʥµںл½ϣѵõľ֮ʦ
ˮ淨Ų㾳磬۷塣ճһͿ˶ʵ
̲סԳХϽֱߣƬƬ۴Źʣһײ
âƬƬɢĽ
УıȫǧƬƬ˷䡣
ĸͷ׳ȫƺһѪɣͬߵķһԶ
ճֻʹ΢΢⣬ĳЦһžˣâһ㣬ǰڴ˳ȥ
;Щ󷨣δӦӰѾˡ



1728 СѾˣϣ
˵ǰʮƽ߸ոմҵʱճаջˮ㣬ƾԼ۵Сݣڱ̶̲ˮȴ͸ô롣
Ǹھʱ

鷳ЩѲ׷ҲɣɤһͨҺ
վס
ߣӣ
ˡ
Щ£̶ôûж٣ֻճо䲻
ǣЩСٻһãǾʾ
ѪҺԽԽ̣İѾȫճͷ֮УһƮƮɵУֱشƣΡ
̫࣬仯̫죬ӶֵȻпǵӰңȻˣǾһݡ
תת
ɳ;Уճתʶоתתɵ纣ˮһ㣬ֱ֮Уѹɿҵͬһʱ䣬ת
Ͻ⣬յñˮ̶֮ͬһС̫ôһͷǰ֮С
ͣҲδֱͣӳţˮȥס
;·һЩˮŽһײȫϹۣҺһƬ
⻹㣬ճոմͿһȣ̫ӣߣʱ
˺ñ̶̲΢΢
СʱöѪˣǰݺ㣬ŪôƣԼпѱ硣
ӣ̫ˡ
ƫƫʱ÷ֱ磬û֤ס
ȻǴӺӳģɱ죬˵ʥˣҿӵôǱæ϶Ҳϡ
һͶʯ·ٰѱõУҵСˡ
ֻһתͨǰʱӿ²ˣһڹѾεĴͷϣȡȡ
ԣһУڵȺδʱ̫Ѿˡ
һۻһ죬һ𣬿֮Уԭ㿡ŵСת֮䣬ͻԭΣܿ˼ת
һ޴βһצ˺ˮƱ̶̲ܶ
þˣҲϵ𾪡
ճոճһ˿⣬ͷСҲͬһʱ䷢ˣɵﰵһʡ
ǵģСʱٲƷչȥĿ϶Ǳ˵׽ˣºôֿ֪
֤ȷ֮£Ҳ˵ʲô
οԼ֪Լ£СλΪϵǴôضԶԶģ͵۲ľ
ԣСֻΪǿȻͲˣǾͲֱͣӣҰҲù֮
ճһϺ⣬һ壬һֱײ̶̲۵һ˰ߡ
٣ʮƣһ£˶˵˲һģûԸˡ
촦Сһţħŭˣһ

ֱһΣһƲƵ֣ת۾ͱþ޴ޱȡ
һƽ졭
һ֮ͣʱʲôƣֻǴһ룬ˮˮȫը·;֮ϣһƬգеâ˸
ݵһ㵹Ĵʯ飬ֻǱ簤ţѾĩ
ճλζ䣬ƵӰıԶԶһ͸ɷ֮Ӱ쵽ͷ
֪ţħĻԼǵסģ֮ǰһɤӣĴô
Խ˷Խ侲ճҲû
ţħȥԸСȥˣȥһ·ʯڳһЩСκβԼȴһʥоͷ桭
һɷϢĶԼ֮ͬһ֮ȥճ֪ǱԷסˣ϶һ
Ͻ֮䣬Ų˷룬ǰ̤
̤
Ų½ڷŹĪ֮ȵԪǿʵ֮ѾΪճ¡
֣ΪҲ˱仯ǰһֻ̤ǰˮˣ৵һͷѳһĿӣ类նѺ
һɫ
λɫӰҪʧߡ
ߣߵ𣿡
һ̹ǵ飬ճڵӰ΢΢һͣͷ̶̲˷⡣
һͻûΪһֻյľ޴צ
צץһ̣ȫ丵޴档
ճԪ͸оԼԨ֮Уһĺڰӳ顣
Ǳ̶̲󷨼ʥԶˡ
ճҲ֡
Լұ鱻٣֮˾Ȼҹǰܣȥ鱦ŮҲ֪
һ˲䣬Ѿðɣ嶷ţ
ȻǴŻ׽ʵ˼֮ʱ׽֮ռ˶
߽״ɼʥ粻͡
Ӧֿ͡ѹһʽצճ̷ֱԷʵΣ
ǣ粢ʵֻˣסҡ
ϣ
죬һɫâ˺صķնǰ
նա
ճ诽ʣ֮ƣ죬ҪضͱһˮȫնñѣӷӲ淢
ǰݵĳһڵӡۣʶʼ٣󷨼жԪ֮ӶĴҲһն



1729 СѾˣ£
ճȫһȻȻƿռ䣬ȴһҲûС
Ѫ֧£תȫתУǿʮֹ
תתֹš
¡¡
һնճХ죬ȫһ֮ºȻȻͱɫֱʮߡ
Ͻͬʱ죬ֻ֮ɫһ֮䣬ѿĳߣɡɡɣɡ
ãҪͷתѪתһιͻˮɣΪǰĻۣͻȻֱת۷塣
һֹһɳѹֱ֣ѹ顣
ͻأľͳһž޴ӣ׹
ճӳˮ棬δü˶һ룬ͷ췣֮Ѿˡ
ͬʱǸо·̶̲Уɭ亮⴫УһѪڣſ͵ԼȥȻһ̵
ǹɻͻɱ󣬶޿ɵֵʱȻ𣬻ʱӦԣֹճ֪Լסֻܶ㡣
Ȼڴ֮ǰѰһȫĵط˲סץסõɱֱӾͻᱻٻһ¡
ͬʱˮ׵ǹɭΣֱ飬ȴüޡ
ড
һУص졣
ճǰһͼ̶̲ˮ֮ϣȻ˾ֻ޴Դˮˣֱ߿ա
ÿһԴͷ­ϸͷţǷ˿ȶɷޱȡ
ֻͷոԳӰ񣬾Сɽһ㣬УѾճ
⻹ôӣ
ճתȻͻƾתɽҲѾ֣ԲھͶϾͷ档
֮һգսǿ
ȡ;Уǵ˶սӺͰ˽䣬Ѷʦ׽˹ȥͥڽ޿κΡ
붯֣Ű֧穣ӶȮҧһԴȻĶӣ֪ȥ
ԿóһҲǸݽɫ
ȻųӻڻˮҲǾͷ汳̫ǡ
ΣͷҲǸɫţħƺҲʲô
Ǿֻ׶ͷ֣ٿ̶̲ŭ֮Уˮһ˫޴ճ֪½ʯɽ룬Ҳˡ
ܵٿ죬˫ĳ򡢾ŸԴĹƻ׶༪١
ħҲų֮ʱʱϵ£Ӳǵ׷
ôΨһ·ǡУ
ճӰԽԽߣͷһͬƻù棬ʮâ֡
λζͱãԭس־ŸӰ
ͬɣۼף죬ǿ
ŸӰ̤һ𣬾žŸͬһȥ
֮Уȹ׽ٰ˲֮Ļַ
ַ˾Ż컯һ㣬ԼʶսҲǿ
ճýʵ˱һЩ֮⣬۴ϢǶϰ߶һģһ
ķȣŷһƣǾÿһǶڣӦ䣬ɵġ
㾳ߣʶ㲩һķʱ֮ھԲܿ
ճĵľһ㡣
˼оŸԴŸһĵֵһҲֻܴŪˡ
ʱٲߣȵţħħʥӦͳꡣ
ŵӰԶ룬ı䣬ΪһˮŴӱ̶̲֮г弤Ĵˣֱӳȥ
ո£˳½֮ƣâһˮֱ֮С
ֱ뺣ͬʱǾŸͷһণķճԼŸһ٣ͷһ̵
գұԵУܳ϶ãҲ̫ˡҺСȻûȻѾȫѪ
ճǺЦһûˮУֱǰͼ
һճˮɫͱ׶ͭݺݵĵͷ£лţʱˣ㡣
ճЦһһһâӹѱأܽϮ֮£Ϊ޴裬Ѫˮӿһˡ
ͲµˣС¼ıҴżߣӵ̫죬׷϶һҪⶼƿУϧʵǲ˵㡣
ŵõ˼ʮָӡ
ճ΢΢һЦ£ֲɱ㣬ټţҲɡ
ͷһۣͼ֮УŸͷ̵Լķ֮󣬷ϵͷڣŭż˶
СȴѪգһӨ͸ɫϽУţҲһͷ䡣
һȥֻƯѾһֻϼ׵Ǵһİݣأѳɷĩ״
Ȼǹˡ
ҵǣĸһѺۣ඼ˣӦħˡ
Ͼڱ̶̲ʥУλס
Ⱥ֮Ĵ
ò˵Сţħħӵһ˵أҲ㿰ԺˣΪ֮
ΪһƥҲ𣿡
ճһ£ǾСľʵ۷壬߽۷塣
һĦ̫ƴ˴󲿷Ϊ֪Щʲô
ʱƼˣס
ңսҲǿޱȣţħƽħ쵶չ˳
ʹżףպͺˮȼֻצ׷Ļײţһס
ðɣצӶˡ
СģճҲɸ̾ʢ֮ʿмսǿ֣ȫþˡ
Ȼͷ֣˺۵СٶȾȻԼ졣
ʲô
ţħںţƫƫ׷
⵹ҲˣǣΪζݺݵ׷أͬĿˣţ㲻ȥҵطˣ
ճ֮У߰˸䣬ȴ֣û˦СԽ׷Խ
һƬ죬Ѫ
ںУʥţħħͷȫ׷ģ׷Ҳ׷Ͼˮ֡
˱ˮ棬ȣֵһᡣ
ʥҲǲ׷ġ
ճΨһͷ۵ǣСѾˣҧҪƴ



1730 ƾʲôҶϣ
һ޴ɫ㣬һѰ֮оӿ׷š
;·ϣһЩˮͬĩٰ㣬Ҫķӿ
ңԶĸ߿տȥܼ嫺֮ϣһ׺ۣ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѳ֪
ɽס
ʥҶվڸ֮ϣǰ׺ԶȥֱŭддȻôһ֮ͽͥͿΪΪ𣿡
ʥͷ½ۣţ̫ƺǷŽ֮ıȡָʹٺ٣ĺͥϽΪģҵû˵ʲôϵ
ԣ̲£ͷλͬȥҵҪʣô̺ܽӵģ
Ӧãͬȥͬȥţħܽţĵ졣
ͷһʮǫķʥЦҺùû£Ȼ׷֮ĺ֮ǣҲҪһնɱ
ʥڳŰһһģŭδϢţ֮󣬾һֱô״̬
̶û£ãáʥһӾͱƽƺոյĿŭһˣ˾Ͷ˰ɣ͵ûеõ飬Ҳûпᡣ
ʱʥһʵǿɣǸѺӵͨϸףŮίʲôӰæο
ոͷϹֵ࣬ܣѾ֪㾫ĵϸԭǲ֮ǰԾԽѪôˮ淨ֻ˰֮á
˵ʥˡ
˵ôһСֻ;ˡ
ԼһɣȻ˴ƹ
֪Էʲôʱʲôֶεߵ飿
пǿǰѾߣֻԭûߡ
пܣԼŻ֮󣬶ԷӺ͵ϮȻʩʩȻ߱顣
ܴ谡
ʥ˵̲סƽ˼ǾͿٶȼΪ٣ֹƶˣԣǲ͵ȡ飬¾СͼıѾ֤ȷ䣬ϧûеס
ʱ䣬ûͳɳ˵زʵСﰡȻԳҵңȥӵñСҪɣûأ˵Ҷǲŵġ
뵽ʱƱ̶̲֮ʱϸֵĺ⣬ʥ˼Ͳ˵ȥˡ
ŷŲ֣ǾͲ֪ʲô²򣬺Ǻѳе
ˣǱˣǱˣԩͷծˣܣҾ͸ͥǵʲô˼
ʥҲǵͷǣԣС˺аԵ޳ܣǿûˣҪڹ̨ϰһ
뵽ǰԼǷ̫øУʥȫǱŪĺ⡣
ĳԼһȭԼС㣬ûжٺ⡣
ΣԷ飬ֻǴûʹɱ֣֮⣬أһ㶼ûж
´μˣٸˡʥҲ֪ôһ뷨ֻòѳһ˳
˵ŻǣǰУʦȥˡ
ҲȥС㾿ӵֻ֪֮УžȨôζӲȥġ
һǷݣԼⷽϾ·ͨ
ȻǾͥǾ͸Ӽˡ
޵֮£޴ӡ

̫ӣ㲻ȥһ׷ңӺͿ˰ɣȵͥǰǾͺӡ
ճ׷üˣڲı仯Ҫͷ⣬Ҳͷ˼
ʱû˼СݣֻúȰ˵
ºδꡣ
ճñ룬Ҳ֪ʥưոݵġȻֵúܴ
¼չĳֵĹԣԼвһ֣СȻ죬治Т˵ǰ顭
ңԸͥġ
뵽ճЩ壬ЩƵУԼм䵱ʲôɫ
ΨһֵǣûгִͷԤס
ܿܣ̴֮УԼֻǹ͡
˵ڹı
㣬û뵽սթǸϹۣ븮Уʱҧһڣš
С͸һӲݵĿ̹Ǻ⣬һճҲˡ
ʵ㲻ģҲܿԷ˲ˣ˵壬ôֱ׷ɱ
֮Ĳ𣿡
ճЦһС˵úίƵģ֮ʱҿǾľİ£Ūһأ³һʮ壬ʲô˵ģҸƾֶξǡ
ôһᣬճŶԷµġ
ҪҲ̫ߣԼ֮ӦõϷţ֮ҲǱȽˡ
ǣߵһֵܹ˭
ճȫ⡣
ãã㻹дʣվҲҪ̵ѪոתӦûôɡ



1731 ƾʲôҶ£

СβΪ˲ǴʮΪ޳¡
ﺣˮͬ޷һƬȫ
ճֻӿǱһתŵУڳĺˮУɼһ޴İɫβ৵һ˹
β֮âǳ˵رԴ֮
һ㣬ճԲϴ
鶴֮УŴأ
ѹСԽսķսǿţħħסԭءʱؽͬȥӢ۲ɣȻδһѾ˻ˡ
Сսǿ֮գճֲɵΪԼԴʺա
˵ԼЯ籾ԴˣСҪǿöࡣ
ǣԷԸϣ֫Ͻ÷ʽȴֻȼգ˷ֵЧ
ͬȼϣСƶɻԼֻ
Ǿ⣬粻űɽҲããɱ⽻ھɻʱ
ۼɫβͬ콣նճ㣬ֻǾ̧ͷͣݵĶˮԲƤһ㣬ͻȻǴ
͵һˣΡ
໡
һ춯صĳں
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ιͬҫϹۣԭһִա
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Сβһն£ҲûرĶֻһһʢ
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һָоʱǰԼҳֿȭǰⲫ
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ǣڲŸȫתͷ֣תѾʹָ
ת۷߽ɫ֮ͷӳɵһֲĵز
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ǣȴҲֻǽһǣƤⶼû˵ۼҲûơ
Сɫڣ۾ɵùԲȫǲ˼顭
ճЦľ𶯲ã󺣡
Ц˼պ¡һһɫؿռ䣬ҲֺˮֱӾճĽ֮ϡ

ϹѪ糱ӿ
ճʹһЦȻֹ
ͷ˿Լͷ֣ոǵ׹ͬնһƵģӾβһѷ졭
ͱ˹
飬ѪⷭɫѪˮȪӿһֹֹס
Сһ㵣ͷЦ
ΣѪ߰Цǰϡ
㣬˵ǸҰ㻹鱻£ֻ˵鰵Ͷٶ֪ϸ𡭡ãҾЦˣ㱻̵ٰ졣սǿкãܵס֮𣿡
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ճ֣׽ٸͲͥģƺԶɡ
Ҳûʲôٵ˵
Σ֣Ҳûа취
ֿ֮ʼһ׽٣صѹֱзš
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Ҳ֪СЦʲôˡ
ԺһףԼܰĳǳ֮ϣɽ׻ɹ޿ײ׽֮£ֻ⡢
ʱҪǿתɣҵǳȻоת仯֮ܣ׽١
֮Բ仯٣ΪڻɷҲɱ䣬ʱҪأȫء
仯֮ܣҪԼϢûضڿƭȥ
һҪſһҪؼȫǸۡ

Ԫеľתȫתϣת۷壬ʶһ⣬翵ľֱ죬˻ԻͽһƬڣ쳽ǣһſŶɢبžԶĹâ
̫̫ԫʮޣǳһƬͼ
ѹ˵ÿһǳһˣҲǣƳ֮Уʹÿһ档
ǿǳѾˣӦб֪ܵɽ٣Ѱһǳ֮󣬾ǳӣǳ겻𡣡
ˣС֮ƶΪҲܳɹԭʵǻ٣ɽ١Ƭǿձͥͳţͻ˵̣ҪҵʺԼԣûռݵǳֻܴʮ죬ԵȥѰҡ
һѰǳҵһСǳҲҪʱ䣬ԣɽ֮ʱܻѡ󻤳֣һȫڣ֡пܣСɣڳɵ֮ǰѾַͨʽȷԼҪľĿǳ֮ϣǶ֮С
뵽ճԺһ
Դ˷˵ǳɾҲֻһɵ֮·һ·ģǾǼƬ֮ϣӯĶ֮ϡ
ЩһС磬Ϣ֮ǿᣬǿǳҪǿϰٱǧ
ǿɵĶ
ڵؼжΪɣز𣬼ɳǳΪɣǳɳôҵĵ·Ȼǡ
鶴
ճһֱɣԼ֮еǿӣоƬĶܿ鱦֮
Ͼܹݾתֵȼؾıô֮
ϹŴ֮У֮ʿǼǳͶǼ鱦ǵʵҪǿ̫ࡣ
뵽ճһתӸ֮ϣ˲Ϣ˻
һ⣬̽ʶ֮е顣



1732 ⣬Уϣ
һ̽ʶ鶴ճǰһ
ܵһİеڣҹƺܼ⣬ƺɵʲôҲ
ء
һþĹ֮Уöϸ۽Цصţתۼ䣬ǹҲԵý
ճӦһȻҲ֪ȥһ
ұһʶأѾͷֵȥˣ˳أȺ˲ޡ
ѵˣԣûκΣոоǰǺڰǱɵסˡôȻ֮У˵ҵУһĵطӦòʵҵˣһǼ顭
뵽ԼڽҪͷСһԻճǿоתͷһˣͶɻȥ
¡¡
ؼһŹ⣬ǰһֿ˲ͬ
ԼȻԲȣӲӣȻһӡ
ӳ֮£ճ֣ű飬ʵѾȱ˴룬ֻ֮һʵ壬֮ʵֻһ
֮ϰ߲Ż̵·
ϸȥӱԵһţ˿˿ţϮ졣
ɲģŽںϣűʵΧ͸һ㡣
ԭڻָӻԶճо档
ֻԼӸӦѾǽʲôԼӶ෽ռıԴ
뱾Դںϵģʲô
ɿ߼ʵϢֻǼţľƺԼľֻҪմһ㣬ͻɢ
ǻ֮
ճ飬ͻȻˣԼΧʲô
״ﲢʲôǱɢһСʵ壬󲿷ԾɢûлָԴˣŻָصãֻ޸ٶʵ̫ˡ
Щףճɢ˼άľ͸һòƺĲ²⡣
ű˲õĶˡ
ʱûȻоͷȣһΣԼȷѡ񣺡ôСѾͷģ
ո뵽СѾͷճǰӽһ䣬ͷԼֱ׹䣬׹¾졣
ԽԽԽԽ󣬵ͿããһƬ
ٽţоͿɽˮ»ɽ
Զ󺣱̲ɳĮޡ
ǰǳ飬Ϸɵģˮεģ½ʨХһЩϲȻޣڻʳɱ
ճϸȥͿһЩθߴųëŹӣ빪ڴȲɱš
ЩȸѸ绢ʳ죬ݲ졣
ԭʼ̬
ճףǰĻͼ֮Уԭɽɽˮˮ
ʱýˣͷ֣֮һƬ֮ϣԵһ߷壬ֱţÿɵĻƿţֻǰһɫС淺ӨӨ⡣
ż׹䣬ճͼһβֺСѾͷվǰ㳡棬ͷЦ۾ĿԼ¶Сѡ
ʲôӣһɣǰֻǵϻƵһ䣬ǹ𣿡
ոռ򣬻Ƕٿͷһ䵽֮УܵСѾͷ˵壬ճһ㡣
ְ֣Һ˺öණԳȥˣô󡣡
鱧ճĲӣĿЦţʱ̽ͷ̽Եġ
Σյİɣ
ճȷ
Һġ
ܽİСԴವһͳ˵ã˲վɽּһֻβľҰͷϡ
Ұ޿ȥʮ׸ߣڲʳ֮Уһվͷϣ̰һſڵɸһ㷢ﻹС
ˣԭʼ̬֮УСѾͷΪ֮²Ǹ񡣡
ôأʲôڣʲôʽ
ĶճǰӾһ䣬ָоԼһӡ
ԭɼı⣬ⱦϣ֮Ϊһ壬ֱ˴ˣ鲻𣬾ͳ
ճܵǳıԴˣκʱ̶˻̫һЩҪȫ޸ű飬ʮ춼ǧ򣬻һܡ
֮ⱦˣǰȫòˣҲĶãҲȼա
ԼģҪȼղܼȡأ
ճһҲȥСѾͷɽҰ𾢣ǰһ䣬ֻص֮УԼצ֮ץŵһŽϹâȻΡ
ߴĽХ
̧ͷһͼϼ죬ǡһˮƿգֱԼͷ­
һ׿ףɣŨŨӢ꣬ɭ䣬һն
㣬ɡ



1733 ⣬У£
Сͷֻʣ¶ǣظ֮䣬ҲѪˮ䣬һҲ⣬ճƺʼΣЦ
ûκ׼Ͱ죬ѰҼǳⲻ𣿡
𣬻Ϊε壬תطţֱֳѺһն˹
Ҿնͷ̵ѪŨȣͻƾǰ
Ķ䣬ϼ٣һɱճȴǲΡ
еıҲĿвƽѵõţħĻͷܴ࣬Сޱȡ
ϴζճ诽òǷ׼ѵõƷƽȴֲֵһˡ
䣬죬УǷŵ֮ͥУҲǼõıˡ
ǰڱ̶̲ΪҪ˲ոǿҲǵֻܻΪԭΣܡ
ʱͲһҪһɱ̻ΪΣ
־Ѻһʮ׺
οأʱӾѾˣѵûз֣ˮѾ˱仯
ճ̾һûɱССӲĵģԼš
ȻˣһݣβΣն
һ˿ᣬֻһΣҲΪΣűһնǰͳܽӰ
ۡ
֮У˷䣬˫֮һȦˮȫޣΪա
֮ڣսҿƵһܵС㣬ҵĶ֣
СЦ磬΢΢һֻһߣһʮٴնճͷ­
ײһ˲Ϲâҫ䣬ճ𣬾͵ɳʮֻ˫΢΢飬һᡣ
ͷһԼбѾֻʣأۼϳһ׺ۣѾ϶
ýý
ǰצԭιȣСý֮ŹĪ֮ǽƮƣͻȻ֮ʹʮֹ
նճ֮ͣҲδֽͣƬһ㣬ּնֲǿᡣ
ǽ֮ϣɫ涯ǡ
ʱóѹ׵ıȲңҲȲңƫƫʮⲻձܣ˼ӳ֡ڤڤ֮а⣬ֱ㡣
һնбճϲ
ǳ׿˶Էýš
˵ⷽ磬ղյģҪ
Щ֣ҲѹˣӵΪǿ󣬻ĳЩ˵з
ۼգȵճӷǧǧսϸ彣
ǣ粻ͬһԷȴһķֲյĲ㡣
Ǿ˼ӳ֡
ֻһ˻塣Ԫͻɣɹ֮ҵıԴˣҲӳˡ
ճ˻诶Ͻһʶ˳вӿ
һŨϹâڽ֮ϣӿͷ
ˮÿһĻתķ򣬶Էÿһÿһ𶯣ԼСҪĿ꣬ȫָơ
ָǰ·ԭˡ
ϽţƬˮȦСȦ֣һӳͷĽ֪ʶԺַֺϺϣ·
Ž½Խ߽նɽ˵ָ֮£ȫΪһֺ꽣⡣
ϽƮ޳Ҳþɢ
һΣ⽻һײ֮
ճŤΣСһնϽһѪȪ
ۡ
𴦣һֱ۳лץϼıںˮдתת
ֱˮһת۾ͻΪ˶צѪ죬Ͽڹ⻬ϸ塣
໣
Сʹһ෭סϱۣȫʹ
ճһԾӵжϽ̽־ͰѲƽУһ𣬾ɢСʶһͷС
Ȼý诽Ҫ࣬ϧ˰СһգҲô
һ㶼ûбͶֵ˼𽣷ų˷˼ӳֵӰ죬СĽգɽƶҪһ㡣
Ȼһ츳ǿΪרڽաһȴǴСһֻһûжٿɱԡǣƴɱ֮УȴûôĹƽ
ңҲĲˡ
ճƽ֣ɱڣܵӿһӴѹҲൢ顣
նɱ֣뿪˴Ƶء
ҪԣûаΣǲΣ
ʲô
СӦɱһɫƽʵ
ͽϬɣϬһͨеĽճ뵽Դ˵ãЩꡣ
νͨʲôˣҲ
ʱӳʱèĹҲüѶԸ
οճǧս֮ͨ˼ӳֱƵ
֮ΪϬһҲд
ˣĺģȥɡ
ճٲԣƽֱӳֵ̺ľնСͷ­Хף˿С
СֻǸӦն˾
ȫû취
ң
СĿ󺧣˻žͻΪԭΣһ̵У˵ұС
һ̣ĸоͷ
ˡ
է
СüǿžʯͻȻѿһӣһĻڲƽ֮ǰˮ羫֡
ճһն䣬ֻ֣Ҳնȥˡ
ֻоһ͸ɱ⣬նԼһѹ
˴ˡף˭⣬Уѵ֮
ճȻһŮæսŷ֮ͷҲصһԾʹܳʮ
һˣߵøɴ䣬ٲͷ
û뵽СϻŹĻȻɱҲɱΪ
ӿ͵һϣǧǧ˻Բι֣СУңԶĺϣһʮľ޴ȵӣ־ܡ
Զ߿֮ϣս죬ƽ󣬱纣һԱ׵콫俴
ճδƬУһͱΪһϸɰƮƮںףŲ



1734 £ϣ
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˵˳ǰƿرѩ˪ôôСϰְ
ճתһЩĹ£̸оԼЩˡ
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ΪߣʵУңƢǸϺһƺʲô˶ѡ
ʵϣռţճŷֲˡ
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СˣճݺݵƴһΣϼˣȻŹµĺ֣סһҲûжˡ
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СֱԼûû͵ñ飬ճĬȻ
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νϢֶЩ˵ÿ˵֤
ǿԲҲģֱһζϳ˭
ճ֪һ㣬Ԫִ̿˵ƽ֮󣬾Ϣױһ
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ԼĥֻǶһ仯Ƥëʮ仯ķһϲͨ˱Сʯͷ֮⣬ҪĴߣȥȥԼıʡ
Ȼóǹһüë֮ģǣ룬ôҲڲȥǾ͵û䡣
ƭ˿ԣƭ֣ǻˡ
ˣɣϢͬϺʥţħ˾УһЩСҲϲáճҲԼˣֵļԲúܺãҲ֮ᷢͨġ
εСץߵĵطŽأѪ
ƬƬսײ࣬˳ɰ֮С
Ӧһ££һ˿С
ʶˢϴȥ˿˿ӡͿһƬռ䣬Լٶס
ˮһЩʯҩɺ飬ס
ǱʮÿһӸճ诽ȻǱƽҪˡ
ţˮԪ֥Һк֥䣬Ƕһ
Сץ֮ʱֲոձս׷ɽ飬Ҳˡ
콫ԼԱ߿ŵţħʥ֪֪ˣҲ⡣
ճԱ߲ԶȻǼˣʱȡսƷȻͷһЩ˲õĶ
Сһӣ֪ĸĶǶߣϧһȥǷҲҲʮǧﱼµһ˵á
ʲôĸ֮ģȻҲûˡ
޳죬˻ҲһûȢ޵ĵ
ôճЩ̲סЦ
ЩƷԼûдãСѾͷˣ
Ȼ鱦֮ģ˼仹õŵģܹԼùһЩΪǮƷǡ
ףŹŹ֡



1735 ££
ӹ֮ճһӽ鶴ͻȻһָ̹ͷ壬ֻǿЩ
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ճСİȡ˳ԶһЩԣͷ־ȻֻһĶܹԶ̴ܶλ
ҪǣϢʱصĸ֮ϣȴûκȻˡ
ճɨ÷ԣֻоⶫһǷ
˵ĺöѹǰûвʲôԣСûаⶫ÷ӳѾ׽ȥˣҵʱƿ˵ǲŽ⡣
ԣҪҵǿܻ˳˳ˮ׻ܵõһЩô
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ճС˹ȥͷһֵۣ˵ʶңѲ⡣
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ԶĺŨŨıˡ
Уѣԡ

һ·ˮﲨ׼Ƕճҹͣȵʺ֮ʱͿԶһƽߡ
˷ţŰ߽ʯ紫ԼԼЦ
ǰһĻճＤ
ôһʱ䣬ԼںףϺΪ飬ʳʺˮݣ˵ﵭˣʵǼٻܹر¼š
Ȼ׻࣬Ⱥϰˣǲôϲˮϰԡ
ѡһĽʯѣĴˣճϵðһͻΪһϽҲһϮۣͷڣһɡ
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ںʱڣִ磬ǵ͵ĹӸ硣

ЦЦճʵǰǰһС̷
ҿǺ£



1736 㾫ƹϣ
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ѵôһЩ꣬ûһʿҲûһΪ֣
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Ǿǣźһȥʦѧա
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óɨнѿ˽ëͬʵʰĽˣֱ졣
ڳ˿Ĳϣ˹âֱϹۡ
ˣճһ㣬ϵѪ֮ǿʢ̣֮ҲǷ˼ȵõʯ̥Ҫǿ
ȻԾǷ̥ǣϢճӦӵСҪ翳
ɡ
ʵϣƾ壬ӵʵѾﵽ۷壬ǲ֪᲻ã
Ӧûᣬûѧû޹ԪҲûգֻǵǿ󣬵һ鼫Ʒ񡣡
һɼǣ̥ʯѹ·һֱûиͽҲûָǡҲϹһ֪Ǹͷļһ




1737 㾫ƹ£
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ʦ֮ʱʦʲô˵ԣңҲգңҲֻͰˡһԡ
ðɣһﲻǿޱߣԾԵģԻԵ֮ʱԼıԣǫ֪
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ǴʱδУƾֱҲֲܷԡ
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ԼϵûأҲӲӵϬ񣬵ȻԼͺܲ򵥡
о仰ڣǼ鼴Ҳ֪仰Щ߹ǧɽˮ˴Сأ֪˶ٴεҲ֪ʶ˶նģǶġ
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ⲻǹճɵһͷӡֻǴһǶѣҲû˼
һۺܵֻҪò̫Զܸȥ
۸ӻûԪ񾳽綼ûУȫֲԼֽš
û취Է̫öһ֡


1738 Ϊºӣϣ
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˵ǼʵһªĽ׳һЩˮɢҰʱܻõһʣԼòϵ䱴ͱ
ʱһҩ֡
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ǵձ鲻󣬲ССһţһС˵ŻһУҵ·
ֻˮһۣˮ˵һᣬߣȥơ
ǣ̫ϻ˵öԣȥ̫ΣˣûʺˮĹΣ֪ҪꣿܵòǡҡͷԵ˵꣺û뵽Ͷ̥֮գûΪ֣ġ
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Ա߻һˮԼԼԳһΰ
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ˮе龰ˮһƬ
ʱټˮ֮Ӱֱ䣬ʥ󷨺צ֮£һͷϳŶ̽ǣ㿡ݣŽ׵Ľ֡
һȣϽҫĿ˺Ѳ񷡣
ص󷨺צӰһնƬ
ɫӰֻһ壬ͳˮ档
ȻͼŸ޴ͷɱ
꣬ҡһΣͱɾŸӰ
ӰѾעһͷ˽Ժ١
ˣ˾ȥ̽Ϣɣץסİμ÷ͳ֮λôطˮԪʮƿУʥ˵ˣֻҪṩϢʵ󣬱̶̲ؼӽһŻ
ݡ
ˮһðź⣬Ǳ̼ˡ
ˣֻһ⣬ֻҪб£ﶼܳΪϱ
ؼطͻɲǴ·
Ϊˮ壬ǵǻΪֱ֮ɽ׵洫طɾָտɴ
Ҫ֪һˮʵûжǱģһǧ꣬ΣǱľ
һطҲûʲôãֻΪС
Щõˮ壬Ծţһ˿
ô淨ҲҪ֮ãܻܲΣܻóɾ͵ģʮһͺܲˡ
ʱһĻԵвĵģ
ҵĻãҲǻᡣ
ϾֻѰսû̫ΣգȻȤ



1739 Ϊºӣ£
һˮһˮ뿪
ˮߣ̹ꡢ㡢ϺȫԭأһҲ۾ֱ
ðΣˮͼ񶼷ŹˣϺɳź˵Ҳң
ңƤҧгݵ˵СӣȻҲ֪ôģŶãǵ֮ʱǸϵʽʱ
ˡˮش˿Ѫ
Լʧඣʱ˭뵽
Ե̫ڵҧͱ˵ˣسͽԪ˴ʱȻûбֳָѾڵóˡ
ŸЩŻܵҲһϣҲ˻Źأ
ϺԪһɸߣΧûע⣬˵̫ϻʣͱƭԼˣǽԽŽʽնȻѧÿ죬õñҸãǸȻԽ߲ƵĵոһնͲĪҲ߽У
ԪϵʽȻ̫ϻ飬ʱҲͬģ˵Щʲôã
سһԴԲҲǿɬһһģĪǰ˼죬ʲû˵𣿺ѾΪ˵Ѿ뿪Ҳһ
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ˮ߲ǵʵ۵ģܿƽϢͷ𺳣侲˵һҰɣҲҪ̫ϣͱ̶̲ץˣǼôõͺãҵˣԸǸ񣬿ܷЯҵһ
еĲ֮⣬˻˻Ҳһ
òϣԼЩòˡ
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һô䣬۾䣬ʲ䡣
һ֡ķĸо֮ʱ̹ˣҶݺݵĴһôܲϤ

ճȫ֪ԼĸʱѾڵѪ֪ʵҲϣһһ䣬һƬƲʡ
ʵϣתתͶ̥֮ʱѾ֣ԷȻ˵úڽҪͶȴһϸû͸¶
Լŷ˵һЩ»Ϊһء
ңճ뵽ˣ̫ϻʵˣȻѾ磬»תͶ̥ԽҲûʲô׼
ģҪӰɣҪϵɡ
ȫûиԼ
Щˡ
ճ黤壬ܹΪͶ̥תΪʲôӦû⡣
Ļһһ֪磬ôһͷûô񾭡

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κκȫɱԣŴ󷧣ҲССϺ˾ϰѰһԵܷѰõе£Ӷʵ
˵ճ͵͵˺һۣͼһҲƺڸͬܣӦһЩ£ҲЩѰʵĿ
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˾ͲԷ
˵ֻҪ̸ѰʵһͻرȤ
ѰеûУܳ𣿡
ȻʮָȤ⣬̽ͷʵץģʮּС
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ȭײһЦ˫һоһ˿˷
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ȻһȭӲӲǴˬˡ



1740 ĿŴУϣ
һȭײ֮˸˼ľм׷ɣƬƬɷۡ
һ˺ɨȥžžž֨֨¸졣
۰֮һȺ֮ɫͷëһ֮ƸʢţȻ˷ܵüˡ
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һЩ⣬ƭĲ¹ڳ֮
ˣǶ˵ȭʹһ⽴ֱ˸ǡ
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ںΨһЩźǣôһЩˣȫһЩõģ޲ǱȭŴһԼúöǵĶûС
ڻɽ֮ʱǿУݺݵĴһܡ
ҰЩʱձþˣѾҪﲻס
ʱһȭ棬ƾУͳ˷泯죬ǡѽһУ۳ߡ
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Ҫоη֮ĲС
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ͷ˿ԼͬŶһ㱻˫ţ̧ȣǰЦŵӣ㲻ҵĶ֣ͱˣǰĽ飬Σ
⻰ҲûʲôԵõ˼ճ룬˵˳
ӵǺģռȹ̣һܰƬմضñ
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ôҲܴԼ
һ㣬֪ܷ񿴵ó
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ΪᣬΪȭΪȭצӰ
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ۼȭ׽һ·ĹʦȭȴǾϽöࡣ
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ٶȺռϷ֮ʱΨһȡʤȻǼɡ
ϧǣۼɣԼôҲһûʦ̵ĺӡ
պܴ칬ĿŴУ



1741 ĿŴУ£
ճͷ粻ҡ˫ס࣬סһʽצͻȻϢľһȵ
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˵ûţȴûףһȦ
һǡճԽҲԽ̾
ӵֱƵϾȻüңǣԼȭͷû˵Էһ˿ʡ
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ܲǲ֪֪һĶɱģǣ֮£вԤ֪Σա
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ճһָΪŽ⣬Ʈȣһ˴Ѩ
ͬһâֱӴӵëѨλ֮Уһ·Ƿأײ̡
ڡնɱ֮⣬ں֮Ե棬ͬˮ

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һʹ鶼ˡ
⽣ʲô޸˺ؼ̫ʹˡ
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ĳ忪שʯľһ̾ӣٶȿþˡ
ճͷҲһصԶӣҲȥ׷ֻǿţ¶
ոԼ֮ʱоƬռ֮޵־٣ƺ˸ɽˮԶԼһۡ
ڣûб¶ʲôҾ˵ΪŮ洲ʯˣô㱻˴ɱˣҲеһ塣
ݺ˺һ͵ģճо˳̹úܡ
˵һδˣ飬һǲ⡣
һݡ
Ǿǣˬ
ЩգʱΧ˹кãҾ
лʦ֡
ҺйڳǺɱ䣬Ǿˡ

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ҺãͷβҲֻһƹӵĲͷûʲôˣǲеˡ
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˵ҲͷƾܣǶĽͷǲ̰ģֵһ
ӦǺѾԶ뼯ȴ϶ߣƵ㱼š
Լںë֮µİӡѾԽԽˡ
²ҵ飬תͷʵλףϱкȥɽ󡣡
ʦϱ۳ǴƹأһƬƽ֮أﾡٹˡʦѰҸɽ󣬵Ⱥɽ࡭ֻǳ滢ûŻֳˣǰڡ
ǺãҾһ⡣
ճָǣǺĺƤ֪Լһ࣬ΪŹ֣ƫƫҪ̷ܴߣҲ֪ôģ
Ҫʵɽߣ˼䣬ƨ
ȻˣԼúõİһѡ
ĺӣǺúӡ



1742 Ժȡõӣϣ
һٴӳӣҲ淽ϼС
죬ֻһʹֱʹûʹȥ
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һգɽϺȥٿһͬСǴȻͱоȥȻǺãʱоͷϲ⡣
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뵽µһۣûϮ£Էģǰ٣СΧǲҶˡ
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ʵϣĸʱ˸˹֮䣬˸ŵȣЩĬϵġ
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һƬ޺ĵúݵӰߴֱħһ㡣
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󵨺ӣס
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òɱ뿪Ȼֱơ
ʱһЩŵýŶˣЩŵʧѬ졣
һΣȴˣһӢĹӸ磬ϰһȾн㳾ȥһԵ翳
ոۼ˾ͼǽëһŭͷ
ţǰһӰѾ˺ǰ¡¡Хͬһʱ
پͼǺӵɶ֧֧ŵײڳǽ֮ϣײһδӣȫѺۡ



1743 Ժȡõӣ£
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ӱŭҲʹһ飬۾ѪţڳǽʯӶһ𣬻Ϊһ⣬ճݺݵĻȭʹ
ӿ䣬ȫͬ߷һ㵹ɳȥǿճ˴Ƭء
ճɹЦӣ⻰Цˣ˵ʲôԩ𣿸ոձ⽴ڷ޹գɸйʲôԹ
磬žž
ֻǹ˼УֱɵŹ
һΣճûָ֣Ϊ⾭죬˿ƣҲӱƴרŹ
ӰܵñǰҪֻ࣬ǹУȭʮȣʮߵָġ
ҽУճףֽŲֻͣǺݺݿᣬֱѺӴ򵽵棬ԭسһӣŻͣ֡
ʱһİѾƬëҲʧȥ˹ѣɫʣͷģɫѪˮ
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ģһĴ״ˣֻԼǳȭȣôסԷˮкذĹ󱻴һ㣬絶ʣͷԷΣǰӰ
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Ҫɱңܹɱңúǰ
ģһ˿ӶӾǿžʹļһ磬ƨһ˳ŶͷҲصӽڡ
ˣ
Χһ󻩣лЦߣбߣһЩհݵڵظж£ʮҡ
ȻҲвг
һܼģ˳˳ҶԺܵϳصǰҺһүúòҰ˻Ϊ㱨ѩ޵ġ
ճҪǣʹЩŭոռȻΪβɱҲ׽סݻɽ
ðɣˡ
λܼƣǾӸ£ճﲻϲˣҲһʶֻ˵ֽǣҴ˵ոմһûˡɱԼȥ
ſںУʮ˳Ϊһףֳֳǹüһ˿죬ɷʮŨأݡ
ŴˣոѾǣҼҹӱ𰡡ܼת
ʲôˣָҪ֮ءܼһ˵ոշ£Ŵɱڵĺȵ
ճӾͬʮȫŨѪ⣬棬˿˿⣬ƺ˷ģȻЩ
ѹţھǽ
ҲԴģһ˦ͷźţӦҪ֡
Щսתͷ۾ӥһճ
֪λ˭
ķ֮ˣͨաճȻЩҲڳˣȴûһ
ҲɱģԼҲ̲飬֪Լոմ֣ûʲôη֮ġ
ģҲͨĪǼù·ı졣
սֱһ񣬳ǹವһֱ̹

һƬ
ճЦһԭضҲδָסһǹ⡣
˵һǹȻ
ѪߣɫѪ죬ֱȴûаá
оԼӦֵĳǹʱ类ɽѹסһ㣬ôҲáһΰԼȫ飬Ȼò
ճɿָЦһҿǲҪ֦Ҫ׽͵ץʱ䣬ˣ㵽ȥ¹ͣ
ߡλӣڴƹòҪ£Ҷ㡣
ǽɫ䣬Щɵ֮ɫûй˻ֵߣնħʱܼңҲ˸ţȥǺĿ
֮Уף¡¡˳ǡ
ճһ˿Īɫ˻䣬תҲ˳ǡ
ո˺һ٣һӡҲ
˵֣ںϣµӡ־Ǽֲ˶ãͻᵭȥ
пǹӴڻ壬ӱ̫ǿκжʮּѡ
ǹܼҺͽˣϺӻ᲻ֱңȫûȥ
ţΩ٣Щ˼ȲҲ֪ηǿߣȡе
ֻǿϧЩǭװգȴ֮ˡ
ųſһƬûİգճһ˿䡣
˵λߣִᣬȴҪĺ࣬ʲô˵壬ʲôڵġ
м¼ɿ˵첻Ļ۷ŭͥɽɽʲôʱɽССˣʲôʱꡣ
ɽɽŷƣԶҲٵģɹֻһֱɺаֲʳʮ
ǺεȵԲۣΪôɾôɡ
λһվͻٲ״ˡ
ճ˳ǣԶŭҲȥܣӦĳλŽҵ˺ӣѾڴ֡
ǣֹԼʲôأ
ǽǺӣԶԷıƢڲס
ҲڹǨŭɱյ޹˵ȣһ˼úܣǰΪɱ˰հһʹ֪Լ׷󣬾ᣬٻŹ˼ɡ
ʱ䣬ֵԱһ¥ΪţͽһƲˣϸ
ں߼֮УΪ˺ӳԾƣǼһθ̫ŪԼûгԱҲûø顣
ǻ
ճһںȸлƾƣһӻǷ򣬾Ȼӣ
Ҳãһ֮ҰӦûһЩ´ٸȥؾͿѱԼߣҵɽˡ
Ժȡõӡ
Ӿ͸ô



1744 գϣ
ĳһϺþƲˣճԶִȥ
·ʱʱܼҵİգ˾˵ֽɱˡ
ŽȻȫɱ
ʲô֣
˵һֻ峤ɣ
ܱ˼ҵҲɱӦûɱɱɣңǴв
һ߹ڳ۵ʿһ˵
㲻Ī˵ܱȻģȴһβǵо֣֣붯ʦȥٶıҲûôġֽǣǹˣˮ֣һȭһѪܵС
ǰŽµĻǴƹĸˡʮΧɱûܳʮϢֻǼʬ
˵˵žԽ֣ͷԵģֱ㵽ض֮ȥ
Ϣͬһ㣬˷ȥ
Ȼ̸ϼҼұձջʧ˶ǽϼߣĴֳǰ
˵ܿƵƫƫûκι˼ɣͻɼ˺
⻹Ǻӣ֮ʯԳûʲôá
Ļһ֣ͻֻ
ûնħĸֱ֣ߵͻɵ
ϣ񹲾ӵ磬úòãԼŬ޹أؼҪ
ҲǹŴ˵һˮˡ
ңֻ˵ãطˡ
ճԺתһŹͷ˲г
ӱϾɽֳȻܼĳ򣬱ܵϲ˳̯ǻɽӣǿûζԵˮ
ڵĲгʱͱüΪسһ㣬ĴǴ򷭵̯λ
ˮƷƤëЬģɢһƬѪ˱ǣѬ졭
һ紵Ϣʮš
ԶԶ˫۾Ϊ֡
ճ̧ȥȾͼʮ￥һء
󲿷Ǳʬһ㣬ķѣǴƬȺ죬һ𣬶ֲ⻹⡣
һ¥ǽ֮ϣһˡ
ȴǰһ棬ǿݵŽ
һλʱִǽϣؿڳһСĿնܿ¥ڲ
Ǻӵһȭ״ȫˣܻܿһ
Ž۾ɵϴĿı飬ճҡҡͷ
˵˻Ҫ͵һ㣬Ҫ̫ŵĺã˭֪᲻ߵأ
̫ˣǲĶ֣ȵʱ򣬺Ҳˡ
ӵܼңճֻϰӣЩʬʿɵһĻЩҶԺ
ճ֪ĵӣΧɱ֣ǰľ棬ֻ˵Լˡ
˿Լ֣߸ϰˣ³ҲΪ档
ҲǣȵһʱȲһ
ճֹһ龰ȫûбʾ
һκӵѧþһЩֳûͨյʬ壬ǰǶٺôչһá
ͺá

ݽǴһӰһţճ֣ӻͳһӡ
Ѹղŷ˵һΣӾ͹ˡճ˵
ˣͿźڻҵСӣʵǸѾͷ
ŲסĵطģָϴøɸɾģǸӡ
ӻģѣһű˹µ
СʮģѾ˼ϳɣĴ۾⣬ȴ̲סǰ
Ӵܶණִ͵СûиڹŴЩ˼ңȴ֪ӴȨ
壬ĸӡСﲻ֡
ʲôʱǮô
ʲô֣ճͷʵ
ҽѩŮСȻüǣһŮڣȻãȴͦñֱз緶ӡ
ճֻòһ£û뵽Էһ֡
ʱҽ̲ˣⲢҪû̫ࡣ
ҽճ˵ϸˣнճ˹ȥ
Сڳݱ˵Ӻ̯ϳһΧۿʼ˵峡ˣŽ˿ʼΧɱ
Ҳûôִֻ˺˻֫кĴ׷ɣͷվӿֻǹһͿֻӴҡڵβˡ
ˣֻ¥ȡ˰⣬̯ϼһˮһǹλġֵģߵúܼƺ׷ϵǾӡҲẦ׶񣬴ƹؾκβá
Сһ˵Ż䣬šüͷԽ˵Խɻ󡣾Ȼʼģ
˵ûϸһûں¡
ճЦԴë׵ͷЩƣһЩ׷ˣӦӪ̫ãҲп⡣
ССŮȴѵޥʣúܣϧԼҪȻͽ뷨




1745 գ£
ѵ߻ʦ׼
ѩŮзŹ⡣
Ѫζصʬ壬ƺΪϰߵӣû̫಻ʸС
ʦЩ㲻ˣո˵ˣнġЩʲôأţ㣬棬͸һɣϾԵ
˵꣬ճָӰСŮüģһ͵̨Ѫ
Ѫɽȥģ߽С
ŽԽԪճԺܺãߵĸ綼á
ûԪʹǵӦ֣Ⱥ͵ӦԸ־棬ǵĺý
ѩŮͷһΣԭأӰһţ轣
ͻȻͶࡣ
һüĹ£ֱ֫ٺоůڵģʲôѿָһֻоġ
ͷһƣͼǶӣʱѾΣԼָѾ֮С
ǣҵôĪӣ
ѩŮһңת۾ȻתͷͼԶһϮӰҪʧ
֪ΪΣ
壬׷ɱɡ

·ѩŮС˳һССԵҲֻ;֮еһСС˻
߹֮ճûͷ
ϵӡѾĵıüԼԼֵĳڳʮشɽȺ
Ҳʹ򣬺ѧˣҪطˣı
ճһ̤ʮԶ·ƮƮɣƫɢڡ
ŮһЩ鵱һװõ֮⣬̤Ĺҹӡ
ɫбռ䣬Ӱţɽ·֮䣬һЩľ⡣
鳲ߴߴͣԶɽȪ
Ϧռ䣬ʩʩȻߵճͻȻͣסŲλ̻ӰʱҸб
ಡ
ХУк¡¡
гһĺӣһëԣһѴֵǹǹһ⣬ͷ䡣
ѧˣǲԼȭͷ𣿡
ճЦһгδʣһƬӰӰ´µĻӰ
¾Žƹʽ
ŽȷǺþûˣȴһҲԵ裬
趯͹ӰƺͲڣӰһ
է֣ݺݵںӵؿѨϡ

һʹС
ÿȥø죬˫ֱѨϡ
˿ķֱ࣬ȫʹ衣
ɶ񣡡
һϼ¡۾ͨ죬ţǿ̾ʹҪٴ
ǳԲǴôɲǺϰߡ
ճƵ˵ţнŽһĴǿ׺죬ںǰ

һ졣
һΣճ˺ӵ̶̳ȣûа֡
ó͸ʹ˽ֶΡ
ϽҫۣҲ˼Ρ
Žͻ֮£ӿɾˡ
ڻɽȺ򶷣ҰĹû˿áǰ飬Ѻ
ۿɼģѾȥ״
Ӳҽһ͸ɫ۵һһѪεȥͬʱһҲ˲гǹذžҪɽ֡
ˡ
һν֮ʱȻսܣԼãʵûͦˬġ
һʮѰ
ڶεʱΪɱһЩգֱһ١
ʱףԷǰûжģҪºĶȫԴԼ
һ޿κεʵ
ڴƹزгݺݵĴһЩˣһڶ֮󣬺Ӿţ֮䣬ҲԼû
ȭŴ򲻹ϰΡ
ټ͵Ϯأ
ⲻӡ֤ҰȴյܣҪһԡ
ͷʮ־֪Էһĳֵı죬׷ҲԶҵһɽ£
Ŵ߹ڣʯɶѡ
ʯͷ棬Ϣ񣬰øʯͷࡣ
һУԹΣÿԲˬ
Ҳ׷ɱƾʯͷ츳ɱɹͻȻ֮£ܵס
Ͼɱˡ
ǰӰ޷߹˫ۣǹΪȻ£ѳ̵óˡ
ţŰѶԷһѿ⽴
ܷʵܹǸС
ҹ£ͬһ㣬Ȼ󡭡ûȻˡ
ԷֻһԼ͵ɳȥŽŻؿڶ㱻򴩡
Ѿʹǰ򵥣ΣͷҲûа㶷־תӣһŽѪһ
ûܳȾһʹһ죬š
֮£Ҳһ͵ˤֻоٲԼˡ
ͷȥϥǴԼȲѾ۳ɹŹ״ò˿
ʿɱ裬㵽㡣
ίòᡣ
һ֮ڱ٣һαһ˸أڣܶûˡ
ڣûгԹľ
ѧϰܲʿɱ趼ѧˡӣ㲻ǺôҺԷ˵ҪѰɣ㵹ãӦͲӦ顣һ룬ǲҪʹɱ֣ճЦеĵ
ܽͺãڿ֮䣬ڵ֮䣬˲ź˵
ʱաӲ˲
Ǻãգܲܵסҵı
ճЦøˣϵһͰγƽ
ϼ֮䣬һɱסӡ
𣬱ղУ򣬲ˡ
һգŵֱ䣬ȣ޴ʹŴͷ亹ֱðæĿֹǽѰʵҴӦ·ô˵Ҿô
ͶˣôԲͦƫƫϲᡣҶ˵ˣǿôѰҲܣҵ˸ˣһ¾ˡ
ô򵥣ᣬ˵
Ϊأճսʡ
ѺӴˣһ뷽ɽɽŶҵ
Ե£ɲʲô˶еġ



1746 һؾǹˣϣ
ͺðˣȥҰԵĺӵȷǸǫġ
һ·ɽ·ˮţеСܵľ
ѵõǣճûиӦʲôԹ˼ƺǰǼôȫȻǵˡ
ճȻôΪҲֵòȥҴӦѡԵǡ
ȻŻ̫ѹ
ܹһЩ鵱δԼҲƭ˹ȥһһ컯ĺӡ
һգһɽ´
Ǹвסӣʵʵĸһ·֮󣬾͸оЩһѰһЩʹ
磬Ъһɣڴɽʮգȴûм̣ҶЩζˡ
һҧù֭ŽĹãȻ˵ҺܿѰˣ׿׼׼
ģ㻹Ųҵ㣿ҪΪԭҳԱ˳ţŻɽתתȥ
ճȻ˵ļٻʵ㣬֪
ӴӺϰţ޲ãˣʦɹﶼд
ʵҲЩɣǲΪԼ˺ӼΣĳЩõı仯
»治ø˵ףֻܳŴӣѼӲһгģ
һ˵ܲôŷ˵Լῴװһճʤεġ
Ҳȡ˼ŹӣɽϴУֵ㲻Ҫļô궼ˣһ㡭
ո˵ճҰ͵ϡ
ǼźӵӰ
ǼһﾹȻϢľʧˡ
ԼʱʱںϴµӡȻӦ
ȫûһ˿ԪŶԶֶֹΣţħ֣ҪϼΡ
ճ˷֪ԼȷҶ˰취ôĶźӣԼֶٸҲܲĻԵ
̨ɽ˼˵ɽ̨֮䡣
ԵȻ̤ͽ
ԵǾͲ̨磬ĺǣôҲѰġ
ճԺһתͰѸղԼȥϴʹ֮ʱӵĶ̬ģ˳
һתλŲγɹ¹״ҡҡλΣƬ⣬Ȼһٿһߡ
紵ߣճǰӰã߾ɫҲͱˡ
ٲǶɽڡ
Լ˫أǴһƬ֮أĿȥɽɽƣء
һС·ϸԲʯֱϣԶĴһ
ãľƱ߹ȿУнƣЦ顣ߣɸһϾ֣¹룬ָϿ١һиϣЩʱƽƽı㣬û裬괦ɼͥ
ֻ糩֪ϦϦ
һ괦ɼͥ
ճ̾һ˵ûǾƭɵӡ
Ȼ˼ҲǳԼġһƮƮĵʣʵմ˺ӵĹ⡣
̧Ŀ߼ԶͼŻҲ۵ĺһһֱɽƺסˡ
ճȥҲֻǿźģһԷĺ񣺡ɣ֡
ãã׾ʳȫŴգﵱɶ֣
Էµӣæҡ֡
Це飬ôҲʲôʳȫ˼
ǸԵģǰĸȻȫˣͷɻʵҲֱߣ˵괦ɼͥͥ˵ԣôͲˣ
һ֮䣬ȫûע⵽Էֻǵϣִǰʧȥ
ʵ꣬ʵѾܼ
ԣԹ塣
ճȴǿ
֣ԷźֻëòȻûа㾪ȣͬͨˡ
㲻ʧ֣Ҷ󡣿ǣˣûа㲨ܴ꣬ڼҵĺСͲûһԴϵĽëˡ

ճǰҲϼ䣬ֵ𲻱ҪıֻվһԲһźԷĻ
ƫƫʱ˿̣Ӿаһ㣬ȫ߻ͬ飬ֻԹԵԷ̸
Է˵Ҹɽ̵ĴʶɢĽơ
סģԷָ˸λɽ̨ɽɽбǶǶһɣʦʦȥͽܣҲʮ˴С˳С·߰Զˡ
ţԽϲ͵Է֣ͬȥȥ˺ôָ֮
Է⺺ӣͨ䡣ҷ˵ˣ㻹ʡȥˣȴҵ⣿ĸ˷Ҫȥȥ
˵ŵ뿪ûа취ֻһɽָ·򣬼С
ԷԼ߾ճ˸˵ʲôȴ˼Ҿûһ㣬ֱ˹ȥ
ɫһҲ⣬תæźɽ
ܻͺˣ˵̬ΣҲȥᡣ
صǣӾȻҲûע⵽ԼҲпܣǵ֪˸ϢӦԼ
ճ΢΢Ӧһ
ʶǱûһ˿ֻǡ
ôһϵȣɸ



1747 һؾǹˣ£
ճ΢΢Щ˼ָ̹ȻԼʦѧյĲȶȵģûҪʲô£ܱ˴ԼչûʲôΣա
ոͶ̥ǻᣬЩģߵ棬˿
Сһս֮ˡ
ʱԼúˣŭͷ𣬶򵨱ҲСɱ֡
ȴСֽţһ
Ҳʱ۹ͶעԼϡ
أ˿ԼŲ֮ȻʲôõϢû
ʲôţλǵԼָҲֻ󺣣㻯ǲ
޷һԵɺ֮¸졣
˶ѡ
ճСλͨöԷȥ
ҲԼĹûеڶԭӦ˸š
޹أֻʵء
һ̿ʼͶԼʮˡ
˵УѹıＫѵãȫһЩƷ֮һ鱦
õһݺ£򽨴̣ǰ;
ôһŲȱѾˡ
Ҳճеźǰʦ͵յԭڡ
Уûȫ֪ȫܵճȴ֪
ĳЩ֮һЩҲи޶ȡЩ㲻Щ㲻ͷ뷨ܽ١
ǽʮֻԾķ棬ԶŴѾٳʥˣҪõʲôҪıȡˣҲö෽ơ
ɳµȲ֣ܳӣ޽١
ճ˵ֻҪûܿԼĹϸʵԼһֻ
ǺЩǿһЩȫû⣬Ǽӷ
ڴ˴ǰܲʲôջǾԿ
Ȼһջ񣬲ȥԿ϶ûջ
ݹԼõϢûط׵õ洫ˡ
ǰһ˵ĻҲãԼı
ճЩĵõġ
˼һ֮еȫ֮ϡ
˲֮Ƿ׻ѳ飬˼˰
ո뵽⴦ճһ۱ԾĺӡԴǼʵʵĲˣֲɵһơ
ԼȻ˶磬Ҳл౾ԴˣȴȻ̫Զ
Էʮ֮һ˶
һɽ·꣬ϸ£ǰ䡣
ճĵ׿ϸȥͼϼɢʣҡ⡣
ǧϰأ
滨ű㡣
ɽŲͬǣȥȥһɰ顣
УһɼҸӳø쾲ס
ͷһʯƣԼߡ˳һʮ֡
̨ɽбǶ
ֻһȥ;һׯ֮⣬η
ϧǣǰɼҶȴŻš
ֱʰǿ۽磬ɽ˶ɽ磬ʤɽ硣
ճãոսɽȫǷУٷְپǶ츣ء
ֵطУȫϽģֻǳ̷磬ҲԳΪ硣
֣ԴӽɽԼȫëײĴ򿪣̰Ũ
Ʒʼߣʮѱ磬ʺľ
ܿܣڴɽ֮еÿһŹӶԳƵɹЩһֻҲΪ
ӵ˴˴͸òˣҲȥţֻһԵ֮ժһӣ˼ţͲٶ
ֻǾվԵȺ
Ӵ⻹Ǻ𣬼Ÿˣʵʵˡҿɼǵãڳ׺úܡЩպͱȭʹ־ɱġ
㣬ڴˣͻ˫ĿһɣŭⲪ뵽Щʲô˼Ҿ磬Ȼ֮ܰ£һԼ䡣
ǿʶˣոԹ˽ɽҲûͷһ£һȡ
ճٵȻῴְɣȻϸϵȫҴһ֮ڣ¾ʮõʮ֪꣬ʳ飬¶ԩ飿֪ˣ˵᲻ͽأ
СЩĪ˵ˡˣвʵǺݡ
æ͵ǰֻǼɽ鼤һʱ˻ͷĪ֣Ī֡
ˡճЦһÿɷ
˵˼䣬ְ
ʱѽһʯŻһ۵۵Сͯ˳
ʲô˴ţСͯĿ⣬˹
ͯǰõѧɵӣǰʦգҴš
ҼʦҪ̳δ˵ԭɣͽҳŻ˵иеˣȥӴӴ˵Ŀ㣿
ңҡӻϲȸԾȫϲɫҪͯӽţ䲻ŶߴŲһ٣ֻһˣһͬǰʦ
СͯϸϸճһᣬƺʲôȻͷɣȥʦ
зһڣԹǰͷ
ճһϲæϣһؾǹˡ
ǰɽŻĲѺãԼԷ̬ȣճӡ֤Լĵ뷨
ʱɺ׿˵ǰʦЩͬ



1748 ͥϣ
ͯǰ·ճͺಽں棬ֻоǰɽׯȴһʮ滨ݱأȪ㡣
һ޵㣬ڱǶ˻ơ
ţǰ㱣߽һб£ϡϡǡ
΢΢ճͷԼѪֻ£ȻϢķûйзҩйһҲ
ңͷҲø
ȫϵֱ̣ӡڵ
ڴ˳ӣʱվˣ㲻øҲԣôǿԪ
ȻбǶɽ˼ҡ
գװڵģ֡
˭Ҫ˵ǸûµģһϹ۾
߹ͼһ¥һ鹬ڣ˵Ǿľӣ̨ס
ͷһΰ
˽ǰͯһΪ֮һͷɺףзǰƺ
ʮλӻվȫ
Щ˼źģ̲סЦȻʦƽ¿ɣͽ̡ܲ
ճϸȥͼ˶ͷü׷ϵʿ֮⣬лλʿλȫվţλֵһ㡣
ˡ
бǶУ֮ҲһͬʵģҪŸθߵ͡ǲ֪ǰʲôŵˣΪ
ճʱüۣǰУ⡣
ֻĵķųӦֱӸӦǰϵ
Ȼ󣬾ͼһ⡣
վǺӵľͷŴյգһ⣬ֱǧţ۾äҲС
΢΢һ𣬲㵱ʧ̬
ʫΪ֤
ûˣ᣻
Уȫȫȡ
ռȻ仯籾Ϊ֮
ͬׯ壬Ĵʦ
ճӦ֮ʱ;һĿͬһӹԼ壬ܿһС
һʶŲһСشBOSSˣڲս
Ͳô򣬵ƾѹˡ
ֱʱ˿̣ճڷ
ʦԼһСû̫ע̸ȥָݡ
ճɣû̫ĵԼһۣĿ⣬Ƿںϡ
Ҵţ΢΢ͷ
ѵȫȻˡ
һĴ׼ǰ˵ڵأϥۺʦʦ־ĳ־ĳ񡣡
аԳѪҰӣڼݡ
ݡ
ճһϷ
ûκΣӶˣԼôдҲøŰʦ˴ı㵱
ʦʦòģɡ
ǵһΣճԼϷݲĳˡԣĳ
˵ǰҲŰݵ񣬿ڳƵӡ
ǾʦߣôҲвڡɰ̾ûкƤ
ʵϣĸ֪ʦʵҲûаԼĵӣľˣûеǵӡ
ܿܣλʦֻ¼һڴˡ
󲿷֪κη
Ⱥηʿ˵ա
ʦγһ㣬ſ˹ͣںϣ΢΢һ¡
ӹӶʤްɽˮϡ
ʦϳȥթ֮ͽô
ӻæͷסʵ֮ԣթ
ʦʵô˵ʤޣȥش󺣣һĲޣξ͵õˣ
ӼͷƮǽηʮͷŷõ˴
ðɣճоԼֱ岻ȥˣһ֪ʣһңȻʦͽ
Щˣ
ð죬ʦӣǱªȴʳɹȡϣաա
˵Ļϲߵͷãããշ֪ҲʦȱȻգ͸֣ȴú
ʮ֣˵ʮ֮Сͽӡ
ʮ֣
˹㡢ǡۡ桢硢ԡӱԲʮ֡ŵ㣬֡ա
ӻϲһԱţæʦּ
ʦ棬˶һź
Աһλˡ
ðɣճû취ˣֻ˵󺣣㻯ݷʦѰɷõ뷨ʦš
˵ܾһ
ʦüͷõảУˮľȡհɡ־ɷõŽСҲʮСͽʮˡ
лʦճȻϲȻİݳʦ
֤ˡ
ʦ֮ʦ⽲˼侭䣬µӹΡȻͽʦ֣סҷ
ӵһɨĻ
ÿ峿ʱ֣͵ðѴ⣬̨԰֣ɨɸɾ
ճأǷɵ˹԰֮У
ţһαǾɽ
ʮʦ򷨵顣
Ȼ󣬾ûȻˡ
ճΪЩӵһʱ֮ʦ̻ᴫµûС
ʦʧһûг֡
ЩʦǣҲǸԼ顣żˣҲǼɫģҪԼúøɻ͵
ȻİԼˡ
ܴ洫طӸɻҲδɡ
ǣֻӣȴûѧЩŹ֡
ô˰֮ãճԹӳԵݷθֱӿˮյǲ٣Ϊȴֻ΢⻹Ϊʮ㡣
ûģûй¡
תҲĿŵóϰ±˷ֲԡ
Щ꣬ͳ˹԰뿴ڸʲô
ӱͺöӦûͣͲ֪ô
һɽ֮ʱͨˣ׺᲻һɽϣĳһԺ
ӾʹӣһĬĬţճҲǷ



1749 ͥ£
ߵ̨׾ͷһƬ㳡ԱһأˮС
㳡֮ϣʮλӺȺȵ赶Ūȭȡ
أȴһ˽ʦ֡ϹƷЦ
ճԶԶվţͼλʦְ֣Ѻӻ˹ȥ˼ʽ͸ȥһ档
Ҳǲգźѹˣ졣ʱʱģλʦִʱʽһʱüЦ
ðɣûͣ͵ʦѧա
ճһᣬ¼һЩʽȽһЩķ֡
ǶӵգĲ
Ȼ򵥣ֱָ˾֮лΪĹܡ
ֻϧЩӴΪֻΣδ񡭡èӣȴ©ٳ
Ϲô书ǵѧģ
ճȻѧźһȥƨֻ
ϴ͵ĳλʦۣʦѧʦŵһЩɷ𽣬ʲķţס֪˻
˵ˣһѡˡ
ճΣλʦԪֻǿͻ׺ڣѾɽʮأ̾ͶûȤˡ
ʱ׹ʦ£ƺһᴫá
ı£ǲ㴫ġ
ӣҲʦһ͵͵С챾졣
տʼ֮ʱһ¼ֱǼˡ
ңӡУʮ֮Уƺֻкһ˺ô
ֻѧһЩţţţŵĴ·
ʵǣټѧ붨ٹȾ߽Ǧʯ飬͸ա
˼߽ҺڵļգҪܡ
׻в
ѧɱ仯֮еӶĽʺޣ۾ˣһ粨
ʦ˵ף԰ڣУ˼ޡѧϰ̲̣̾ͻ㡣
ȻͰϳȥˡ
ûְ԰ڵͽܣԺ⣬Ҳ˵ʦ
ż鼸ּ⣬ճǲ֪ġ
Կ϶
һֻкӵ洫һԺ󣬺ûҵɽġ
ô˵Լʮʦ֣Ǳһ
˵һʱͻɽǺ쳾飬ෲס
뵽бҪȥ̽һʦֵĿڷ硣
ߵŽ֮󣬾ͼʦͷҲ̧֮ϡ
ǰһ̫ץžŸָ֣㡣
Ԫһζ
ʦܣ㲻ȥúտ԰ӣˮʩʣ
䵭͸˿˿ͷ
ڷɽִű˵ΪȻܲ˴
ʦ֣ʦһ£ҵɽ֮ʲôʱܵôɼ֮
֮ȵʮۣʦµʱԾһš֮ǰǧ򲻿͵ˣͻᱻɽȥȥɡ
ðɣ̡̬Ӧ֮Уճ׸˵š
ΪԷҲ߹ġ
ʮۣȻ̵·ɫѧһʱ䣬ɽ
ͽʽѹǰ׾ͰԼ£Ҳ̸ס
һһӣ˵ĲҪԭҲûḺ̌¡
ô黹ںˡհʦ֮ʱûпʦǺرϲҲ֪ǺɡһݣǶԷϵˣŲ˵ء
ЩʱǾֻܾ۴䡣
ճҪ뿪䲻̧ͷʵʦܣ֣
ʶһ㡣
ǾͺãȻʦֵ֮䲻˽ܵȴǿԽľġ̫϶ȥʦȡһͥжҲԡ
ͥ
ճɵüճɽ֮ʱԷ֮еľͥʾ䣬һЩȤ
ԼӦеӶܷµĻ̲ˣ֪Ϊδʱ£
Լʶ֣ܿܶһԼȥ飬Ϊû̵
ԣӾĥŶʦ֣ѧһЩա
ǺöӣҲѧ˱졣
ǣֶճ˵Եǳˣû塣
Ҳ֪ʦôȷ洫ĵӣǰűͽܣӦһЩõ洫ˡ
ϧǣǶһŵӷֲ֮УĪ⡣
ǳɾ;ˣĬĬŵģȫ˵ʦ֣Щˡ
֪ǶӶЩˣճҲܴǵ¼֮ƶһʦͽʵչһԼ
ھȫûа취
һţһȥݷöʦơ
Ǹֲ;š
ǱȽϺô򽻵˵ճ飬ȡһͥ˹ж𻵡
̸䣬ƾֿʼ飬ȸϿʿӻҪŬ
ճ˵λʦҪѧϰҡͼҡҡҡīҡҽң򿴾𣬲潵ʥ֮Ķ
ңģһͬѧϰλӽб羭ۣȡ̡
æúܡ
˵ŴӣƾŴ
ǶŴʮӸһ֣ÿĥգսǿ
λģÿڷڴˣԡһĻӡ
õ֮ͥճķ֣龭ȻԼǰͬжȴΪͬ
һͱӰ쵽ˡ
̣ȫѭһĪƵʣҲͬҥһ㡣
ֻж䣬ճоǴϲ
ȻڶҲڶ
ڤڤ֮УһĪϢ֮Сޱ泩
֮󣬺ˮ淨ѾãתûУٴݣһ̫࣬ݳܹǱȲ걸
ˣճΪͣٲǰȻҲûʲô
ʱŶţͷ֣Լ꾹Ȼһ˿˿׳
廹ǵǷףҪ
ܹ׳ĹֱָԴĹ
ȻȲ󣬵ͷȻȫֹƺһֱȥ
ԭǷɽǶ֮ÿӶлõֻܲʶ᲻
ţַһܺùŹֵ飬Ȿͥ꾳ûдﵽףͨ£ûãֻдﵽɾϣܷӳ
ЩˣңǶΪߵĵӲԪ׺ڣһҲˣ
ʦôģ
ѡŰɣ
ѡĳǿɾĵӣ
ճֻ²⣬λʦԵúܣȫͷԡ



1750 ֮֮֮֮ϣ
Ƕ԰һǣһľ֮ڣĵġ
ƽ˺ӻܹ͵Ʒ֮⣬ʦֵܻϲˡ
ճĴ԰ڻȥһɽ֮пһЩ𵣻غתé֮С
С
Դӵ֪˻ͥİأҲȥĺÿ쵽æЩʲô
մʦ˵ʦСźܳһʱ䡣
ϣӦҪϺЩۡ
ʱϸ۲죬ܸܲٲЩô
֮ȴͥƪֵĵӡӡ
éгʮּªֻһһһš
һ𡭡
Ƕز徲㣬ʮʦִӵʱƳɵģǶȡ
ʮʦɣϸģ˵ժɽһݣɹʮ㡣
꣬ħһ׽
é֮лһŵ͸͸䡣
Ѽ齡֮ȫڣСĿ
ճĿרעжšһ㲨ܷ
Ҳһ֣Եñׯϣ徲ڡ
л¹ԪΪ̫ܻǰšº档޷֣ơ
ţȴӡ
ճ֪⵽ʲôԭɵģֻϸϸе̡
ֵĽ֮Уһ׳š
׵Ӥһ㣬һ۾˲һ˼䡣
챦⻤壬ʦ̽һʱ֮䣬Ҳܿʲô
߾һĪĴߣճʲô鶼뵣һСġ
ʵҲʲô£ֻ±ԨԴóܽ͵Ĺչֳı
һ֣ǻǸ
ǰƪֲòһһΪҲǲԶΪ֮
ܲܣԼǶ۵ЩͲȥˣ
ǽҭʳ
ȻһҵĵϸôһҲͬԡֻҪʦ÷ǿéݣͺܰȫ
˴ճҡͷʧЦʦпû¸ϸϸ۲ͽ
Ȼᡣ
ճɣʦѾԼλһɶˡ
Ŷصĺ࣬ճûһ
ֻǻصС
ڵأˮתšתԲľת֮䣬ȫת
죬Ʈ
ճ۹֮£ͷ֡Լִ֮֮ϣ֮ͻȻͳһ˿˿ϸɲĺɫ˿ߡ
ˣ߰ת֮ϣҲͬһʱ䣬Ѫ
ãֱʱ
ճͣӦһȫǾϲ
Ҿ˵ǰϰת֮ʱߵ·ӦǴˡϾǴԱഴĹҪɸɷ֮УѪƫħˣ
Σճϲƣòǿѹ³Хĳ嶯ҲֲԼǰħֶΣʱͲߵһҲû취顣
վţоԼϴһɣԡһ㡣
ÿһë״ڴڵǶе֮ǿһЩ
ָ֣һ١
ͷ⵽ָ裬Ӱһ㡣
֮һִϲڵĸо޵ЩǷȫɢһա
һ塣ûиоԼ֮лôʡ
ųЩֳľô׳Ƭظ׽
ƺһ֮䣬ͿɽӱǨеĵ
Ҳ
֪ԼʵûӣʵȴѾ˺ܶࡣ
һ߸ֵ¯֮У¶ʹ
˵ԭǿȿɱֻǷ׼ƷΣһ̤ɼұĽ׶Ρ
תΪһŹȻУԪϺȡԭһŹר˾ԪСٽרһͬ

ӣճͳ׳һĿޡ
ÿ˸ɻǶԼҷҲȥ䣬ʦֵǴһƬ
֪ġ
ɽҶ̣ηա
ճʱ䣬ֻǻеʵǱ֮С
ģѾǱͥſھ׵Ķ⡣
ʱʱ̳̿УһĶ괦һָٽ״̬֮С
û֪Ԫ񾳽ͻͽı仯
Ӱʦ֮ʱĳɾ磬Ѿƿһؿڣﵽн׾硣
߽ȥĻˣʱͿԳƵһɡ
ճЩͥܵһۺƥֻվԭأһƮƮ֮С
ֻ֪ҪԼõһϺõķ֮βԺĺɣ࣬Ҳ׾١
УԪ׳һ࣬
ڴԵĶ֮£Ҳ˸Եı仯
Ҳֻʱ̵֪Լӵײ
ǼһɼǣǱ죬Ը׺ᣬϢȻֱ塣
ԼϾǴӷһ·ɱм·֮г̫ɷ
Ԫ֮У֮ȫ徻
ų׸ı
ӵ˵ȻһѾԶˣԳƵϺ챦塣
ճƽֱնһֻһ˿ӡƤûơ
֪תת֮˴ʵѾǼˡ
ͬɼҷ˺ʲôء



1751 ֮֮֮֮£
塭
һö
տʼžɽӦֱֱ˶Ѿ
еӣǾ飬ʩȫͣУתͷ
ʦˣֵ˿̳ʱ䡣
У߽컨׹ӿʦͬޣҲ֪֮ʱǸʲô󣿡
ճЩ
ǶڴĪ¡
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ø
ʵǿˣ۹ˣණˡ
õľڣճǿϢ챦֮У»ָɵոս֮ʱΪˮƽ
ʱȣҲеġ
ϵϢԵøصţһף˺ܴ仯
緽ɽЩ黨ľһ㣬ۣء
Щ仯˻ϲע
ǲʱС̸ЦȺ
׳ࡣ
ҲΪյԵʣ϶һЩ֮Ϊۡ
ʮλӣΧߣ״ȡ
ʱʱӷЦˬʵģ
ճȻܳʱûţҲ֪γֵġ
Щһֺλʦ֣˶ʦܵģʲô鶼Ÿɡ
ĶⳤġЩȥЩʦ࿴˺ʦܣų⡣
һԭ򣬵ȻҲʵԭǾǺӵı´ˡ
˵ȷ츳ķֱ
ɽӰݽɽ֮󣬳Ĵʮأ̵Ҳʮˡ
ǣۼգȴǺϡ
ʼ꣬һЩ˱Ⱥ˽Щ꣬ʦѾȫ£Ҳֻƴƽ֡
ճ⻹ΪӶˣʦֵ档
ÿαʱˮ֣ŵôһ档
˵ճ֮⣬ۼսɽĺӣѾǵ֮һԶͬ٭
ʦ˶Źʮ˰ȫúܣר˾սĺֶһЩ˾͸ӲǶ֡
Ͼʦѧİټɣһ򶷸С
ʦֻһһЩ
ʦģÿմٹȣ£ֱľʯ¶ġ
ʦ֣ڴ֮λҲû쵽ΪֻǿͻԪףһӶס
ճܹӦõʱʱ۹ԾԾԡ۵һ޺⡣
Ȼǵõ顣
Ҳ֪ΪΣһһֱûսԼпԾղ󣬵ʱúˣӰ
пܣڱʲôСһ֮ʱѱȫͬʼˡ
ˣҪ𣿱𼱣ĺˡ
һճѪźӣͻȻӦ
Ҳڽ죬ӽô淨
ܲܵõôͿһˣģºɻ
תţճû̫ע΢˫Ŀ̨ʦֻĬĬվλʦ
վڿĵطʮֲۡ
ۡ
һ촦ʦ񵭵ڵһۣڽ
ʱ컨׹ӿ˽̣΢ȫ
ҡβ졣
˵һһϱȻ
һָ
ճԺ¡¡һ죬оͿس֣ǶС컯ת
ʦһο
彲ʲôʵûһȫ
ƺǽǰԼĸͳܽᣬ֤
ǽԼġ
տ죬ϴû˵ҳ
һ죬ȸڵ⣬Թſڵء
ɳɳ㲽һƬޣĵĴɽָ˳ԶԷųɶͣԹ㳡
޾㶼һԲȫ㡣
ԶһЩǧľ滨ݣڽУҲ֦Ҷ
ƺڻš
ʦ뵽ʲô˵ʲô⽲ţûκָ˶ޱϧѵõĻᡣ
ΪǸǵ֮ͣУܽ⿪ĵɻ
Сһһôʡ󵽿ٵصƷϵ
ֻҪ뵽ܵõ
Ȼܼܲסһˡ
ճż͵λʦ̸֪ʦ
ʱʲôˣоࡣ
ʵһ˯ѣ绹Ǹ磬
ЩЩȫǲס
ԣʮλʦ֣ʱΨһҪģʵǼ䡣
Խǿ䣬Խǳ
˺̨֮ʦȻڿʮˣѾӲͷ󺹡üͷʮֳ
棬ǰ档
ٲۡ
ճֻǿһۣͱ˫Ŀȥעˡ
ожĻͥ˱仯
һȫģΪӳĺ
絽˾֮ϣԹۿǨ컯ɡ
һĪ
֪ģһЩз˸Եʶͳһ˾⡣
ƬءγɣʱͿռ໥ӰҲһЩĵá
ǵСĲǺ쳾ҲǸˡ컯ޡ
ճ֪ѵãҵרһš
ûв꼱ǿֻһĸ򣬸š
ƪͥÿһ̾ͷµƪ£ǻµ̡
˵ѧ洫򵽴ԵһЩƤëҲźܴô¸ݽ겣Щûгûϵһν˷򡣻ܻͥݻΪˣµı仯Ҳһֱȷ·ϣָ
ճݹž޲ȴǴﲨ
ǲסģ鱦ס򵽵Ķһʱ䱸ݴ浵
һֱܵճû´СѾͷͿʼˡ
ңѵڶ֮аһϥСȫࡣ
ȴû컯
죬֮ױȣһãճҲǲضˡ
ֻͲ֪ºܼǵö١һ㣬Ҳֻܿ
ʴӿĵץüЦ̲ס֮֮֮֮
˾һ㣬վڶβ¹ĵߵ˴С



1752 ȥˣϣ
ڵˣϷʦĿɿڴ
ʦͣ½ԣ߳ڰУô߿Ծ裬ҽ
ӳʦϲʤʲӻԾ֮״ʦˡ
ʦɫʵʶ㣬ʦжˣ
԰ɫһһѱ˵Լôôˮ԰ϴĨȵȣ˵ԼѾԹߴγӣǹغ
˵Ȥճȴ
⿳԰Ļģÿм˰æʱҲӻҲ㲻ʲô͡
˵úôһʦƺǱˣɫİӣѡŹһһ˵ѧѧ
Ǹģֻһ䣬ɵó
˵ѧЩ羵лˮ£ͷȻó¾ͰԴҡ˹һ㣬еѧѧ
һƲϣ϶پһЩ̬
ԱߵʦǺΣΪѧľŹƽﵱ䱦һϰΪԵá
һֻţԿ
ʦӿ̫󣬵ˣصһ˸̨ýߣŭҲѧҲѧǾͲҪѧˡ
֮δŽߡۡݺݵ˺ͷ£õúӻæݵڵء
ʦӵߣ֣棬Źˣһ仰Ҳû
ǲλˡ
ճţԼǲǽȥʦܲܵõһЩôȴû룬̬չ̫죬ȻĻᶼûš
ܸܲʦһЩ°ɣ
˵ôˣҲǵøŹŪԼĿܣǽԼӡ
Ϊں˵ѧ֮ʱճǰҲվ齹С
ֻҪʦۻ軨ضԼġ
ʵϣʦĿһۣʲôû˵
ľʯһ㣬ûзӦ
Щˡ
˱ˡ
ʦ뿪λʦȫɫĵʦЩѵüһ棬ţȻὲˣȥһЩ΢ҲóΡ
ȫӽˡ
ʦɺģҪȥޣЩӡǿӵȫЩˡ
úöʦ񣿡
ʦĴ󷨣㾹Ȼ飬Ҷײһ£ʦؾֲ֪֮²Ż
ҲȻǽ
ָţЩԹޡ
һµֻһЦվͽɽժԣλʦ
ƽϢ˵ŭ
ûһ֣ë˵ʱӹµµת̲סʹһЦ⡣
ЦȻת˲ţȴճ˸С
ν֮ԣӹȻԵúܣȻһתۼѲµȻǸ컯ġǰ֪һҲע⵽
ʦͽ봫ʲôʹʲôαŪİﴫأҵڹʦҺҲ
ճ΢΢̾Ϣһ
뵽λʦֵ͸ˡ
ԴʹҹʦֽšǽҪŽȥߺţܴ³
ֻ˵һ̣Ӹ飬ⰵ붮
λʦֲ֪ʦƭֻϧŲܸʦദһ̣ճȴģЩʧ䡣
ʦɹѧճɹ
һһжʱУʱĪǿ
һʱ֮䣬ͷճһһ˿⡣
ʦӲûаҵͽܣҪѭ;õۣ±죬ѾûϷˡ
ΨһϣǿܷӺ֣β棬óֶڣǶһ㶼Ǵ¿ھԽ⣬͸ͽһ㡣лɳˡ
ʦ̵ӵʱõǴطһ⴫м䣬ճֻ˵һٲҶ롣
ȻԷʦѧļʽǾͿ˭ֶθ
ճصӰתŲΪ֪ͷ
ʱ˿̣ûһ˶סһС͸͸һ㡣
Ǻҵúܡ
ǼһúһƤƾʦ⣬ǲա
ʱƴڻˣģ˶ùЦ
Ϣŭһͬʦֹĸڻˡ
ʦܣ´ʦٳ֮ʱͺúõĵǸ¶ž󷨡羫֣Ҳݺ¡ɽ֮ܲһң
ͷһƴӵģǵöʦֵܷЦ
£һ˳ȥ䳡ȭű



1753 ȥˣ£
ôһƬ㳡̲ͦݴ
һЩȸߴߴţʱʱڱϣҲ֪ˡ
мֻƤë⻬׷ţȤȻ
ɽǶĵȫ֪㳡ߡЩݡԼԱ׽ԲصǣȥԵѾͨԡ
˲ȥ׽ɱ
Ҫ⣬ζҲֻתɽѰҡ
ǰʮԶһЩҰ޷Ϣɶִԡ
䳡ҴҴɫۣһͷ߰ٶʮȣһ̽
һڽԾС
ץŹβǰһƣһը׺
̧һߣǹХţںǰһ
һ׽ǰ
ԭһƺòˡ
ǺӵֺϷˡ
ÿ䳡λʦֵĸȲʡ
ǶʦֿĿѣԣɵʦ֣Ҳֵÿʡ
ÿʱӾͻλʦǰ֡һзһոߵ͡
Ϊʯ̥أûѧ֮ǰѾʮЩ꣬ѧΪһǧ
һˣƽؾף˿ɵҲͲλʦĽ
ڵǵ˺һͰѻҪȻ䳡һЩʦְһ
սһͼԶճ
ɫ޲ľһаײ֪ΪΣǰɽ·ϵô
Ȼʹ̹ǰ
ӻëһըҲģ͸еʦ֣޵ʦ֡ѵüǼãգ첻
Ҵ򣿡ճָָԼıӣ΢΢졣
ǰʦֵƽһֱ岻ѡн棬ߴͽ̡
ȻģԼλðڵü͡
겻ճȵķ֣λѾǵıɵˣԽ黫
ȻѰɡ
׵ǣһﾹȻɱһУǡ
Ա߿һۣʦֶֻĿԼ
ʦֵˣĿ͸˿˿̾ˡ
ճˣҪ𰡡ܿҪݺһ٣ʮλʦǰˣһš
ճһĴ㣬źɫۣǰһ
ӱϾɽֳڼӽϴΨһһɾģҲպ壬ζš
ճ󵽺Ͽ϶һЩʭӣһ۽ë֮С
ոһ룬ҪôŪֶΣܵóԸ͵ʦطˡʱԣ÷ֻ֡Ҫ·ٺ١
ͷǧתճȴǱЦӯӯѵʦдˣ档ֻʦҳһеأǿˣʦǧĪֲźá
֣֣޵㾡ֹܷ˵ңһüͷӢۺú
ƺֱˣһΣʦҲˣŴ
òײгһָ΢΢ֿ¶ϴ񷣬´ʦҪˡ
áճȻЦеģƺûѾҪŭֻתͷʦ֣λʦֽ轣һã

Ҷɵӣ˵ĶԻ̬֮䣬ѾбΡ
ƺʦֵô򵥡
ܿ죬һʦֵԼ彣
ճϵãʮʦ򷨡ʮ꣬Ҳѧ˶Źǽ
Լսɽ֮ʱλʦֻӡѾˣĲʹ˴ʹۣҲ֪ɽ˼ģ
ʦܣյĹҲ֪֮кԹ϶ָ飬ָͲº֡
޷ճڰ֣λʦӻƣƽûʲôʣҲ侮ʯ
λʦ֣վһһ򷨣˵˹֪֮ԼζȰҲȰ
ǡ˵ɡյѵշĵĵزµġ
ʦţǿֲ´
׼𣿡ѾͣԱš
ѾЩѹֲסбˣ޲һùƽûŻᣬô˿ţñɼҵӷȣĻ̣
ְɣЩ˼ֳճһ棬һ
⽣̸ϺãҲ˵ϻȵ̫ӸԼǰ诽ҪһЩ
Ѿˡ
ճƾһѴʹҲóɱЧοһѱ
΢΢ͦذαбָ棬ֻ˼άްθߡ
ɽ磬ޡˡÿһϸ΢ÿһ˿̬ı仯ȫӳļ䡣
⽣ɽˮȫͳһļ䡣ͬһ㿪˫лֻʵһƷâ
߷â֡
ննħն
һɺֱܡ
һ̣ճȻһԸ߸ĳ嶯
ּǰδйġֻ˵Դҹж֮ͥΪԼΪûȻһ塣
ˮǴ֮£Ҳ֪ĿһΡ
ǽʵ֮
Ķ䣬ơ
ֻҪ룬Ϳʵ֡
ˣĽ
Сһս֮ճϬһԸнΪ
ʱͻ֮ڷɽ䳡֮УͻȻһ
һΪɽӶ뵽Ī״Ľ֮С
ȻǰǷ״ٵӰ¡¡˷ͷ䡣
ڽ֮ϣҫ˿˿׵⡭Ϊٶ̫죬̫ǿӶĦ⡣
ٹ;ͻȻΪһ翵ĺ
ܿռճ罺С
Χ̲סǰ㵹æʹվӣҲȫǾɫ
ô᣿ٹΪһ˿ռζһʵҪʦܴ⽴
ƽ֮ʱֻɹһˣ÷ƽûζ
ֻɣĹٶȻֹǿʮ
ʦһҲɫĻ䡣
ɽʮأգʳɽ֮Ҳ޵СʱžԺӵĹһжס
ôЩ꣬ȥˡ



1754 лʦˣϣ
ճ΢ĩ򼼻֮Ǵȭǿ忪ʼٽӴɱ
ʱͼɡ
ںܳһʱ֮ڣݺ磬ȡʤ˲ʤߣԼʶͼػػܡֶη࣬Ƴ³£֮ͬʱϱֲս
ȻһԭΪǿ򽣵һ˿ʵͬʱҲó
һУʤĹߡɱ˵ıħʦָӰչֳ漣
һԺΪ뼼档
ʲô֣ʲôֻҪԼԼͿһУսһС
ǣСһս֮ʱС˱ǿƣͻȻͨ͸һ
˼ĳ룬Ǿ֮
У
СûףѾн
ȣʱʬ纮пѾճսƷС
һϬһ
ϬһͨԵǧᣬ˵ǽ
ԵԵ֮䣬ֻҪһѾɱС
ȥȽȥƴɣҲûǿƺ־
Ǻ޵ĳֱС
ڷɽ֮ͥճٴνﵽڡ
תҲԼԼͻ۷壬ӵһŻ
ⶼˣֵø˵ǣڻ˵洫ĸͷۺ̣Ӻ챦
һΣûȥϰн⣬ȫµ⣬ٴ仯
֣нǵĽ졣
Ҫ죬£Ҫأ̲
һ֣ԻΪ棬³ɡ
һֵڽ֮ϣԸı
ʱȻ̫Բǿ󣬵Ѿ㿰ʹá

һ䣬Ϊٹٸһ
ÿʵǰ뼼ͳһ
ǰճڲμӱ̶̲֮ʱֹԸԼƴ¡һ㶼Сţħͷߵղ
ʵϣյ˺ȵزѾױ
ƴ˭Ӯ˭䣬ǿ˭˭ܳ־á
˵ǣȡ֮ǰ
˲֮£˳˳ˮ
ѧ书֮ʱҲһͨһͻᡣ
һֱָʡ
ѧϰɷ˵ĺظҲѹĿӣıˡ
ǣճУӵνȴ˵
һ֣ƺûмŵͷڽģӳƣ̿ϴ
·ڱ䣬ڹ۾
ĪУŵͻȻԾ𣬵ɫԳ
ٲ죬Ҳܴ󣬾ƽ轣
˶ǰһֲһûг
գۼȻͷ­ҪټǸϸľﷺ˿˿⡣
£ĽǾҲòұƴǱʮ֮£Ҳֻȡ衭
иոתͷͷǰ⡣
һ˲֮䣬ͱ˼䡣
Լڸ֮ϣһž޴ޱ޼ʵմ˷ϯ
ÿһ˿ȥȫһͷҪϸСĽ˿
Խ˿˿ݻأ
ֻһᣬԴҲһѣ
ȫ֪Էôġ
ôһɲǼʹǧǧ򽣣
һ˿ڽ˵Կҫһο޵
ⲻܡ
Ծ»ΰһ٣ײ˼̸ǽдŲ˼飬󵹷ɳȥ
ڿдӣһΣȴͷȻ̸ֻ޵
ڽ޹һ˲䣬ͱ˿ϸϸĩмƮ䡣
ǼΨһųɫۣҲŻΪƬƬʵ֮лţʤա
ߴ
һ࣬泯أ֫ʴΣˤ档
㳡ҳһǳӳĽ
ôʦƤ
ʦҲɫ䡣
ԶԶվţòײͣ¿˵ĽŲĪ
һǲźӾȻױܡ
ƽһȻײĻᶼûС֪ܶôܵģûеסԷİ㽣⡣
һոɫֵʱȫͷԷΣֻ֮С
ΪΪϺ
ô㣬ôⲻ˱һ򾡵³
ָоĵȴ˲ȷš
仰˵һ֮ǸѾû˿ս⶷־ںδˡ
ȫ׸
ʲô
ʵ
òƽϢĿźӰſڵϳ鴤̲סʳ
˵ҲճЦЦĿһۣҲλʦֻǰбһӸʮʦ򷨣ֵлʦֽ轣衣
ҲƺŵˣæҵĽסæͷ裬ããһȥݷʦܡ
ɫҲЩͺ죬һȴ鼤¡
Ӳһ৵Ŀ򷨡ĽʡȫΡ
ǴʦҲ⡣
Ǹϰ˸ס
ոճֵ޵ʲô塣
Ѿıʣɷɡ



1755 лʦˣ£
ѵʦʲôʱС
뷨ͬӿһ㣬ܵͬʡܿ죬ͷԼĵ׵Ķߣæǿѹȥ
⿴ܣ֣˶ʦλɵ֮⣬ʦʦĵˣɫȫѿ֡
ɽǶȻǵ֮أЩҲʮĽʦ֮ͨ󡣵ǣʦķߣǶʵû̫ʶ
˵ˣǾ֮ܡ
һֻܣʵҲǿʳĵ
ǲСҲܿѣԣǿߣԴߣǷĵ
ԭΪλɽõʦܣֻһײİɽŵ˶ʲôҲûУûʲôֵÿصġ
ȴû뵽Լԭһֻ޺Сãһֻվʳϲİ
ʶԡ
Ҳѹǿ
ճΪһϵɽɽ¶ˮҲʦ
ƽĬĬ£Ƕ̸
Щʦ緢ѧϰ䣬ĸĿԶ࿴һۡ

˼תѿ֮ʱ
Զĺƨɣȴһһģʮۡ
лԼƺ֮ǺӲԸǰӡ
ȻʹķΣͬƤһ㣬һֱš
Ϥİʹ¿飬Ӷʹ޳
ִң
ʹ̣ҲԲǣȻӦ񾭼ȴƲˡ
ʱûʹʺʧѾϸʵ
Ͼʯ̥֮ͬ졣
ǧϸܽ˿ͬһ㣬Ӿ֮˽ȥ뵽ë֮Уѹ࣬޿ײ롣
оرˬûԹ˲֪
źӵĳ̬ʦЩЦȴ֪ΪΣЦ
̬࣬ճ÷͸ûж˵ʲô
ЩʦվֻǱķ֮עữΪ
ûЩЩʲô̧ӣϾͷЦ
һγֶδſºӣȻ۸ˡ
Լơ
Ŀֱָ淨
ߵǰճӣϴЩ΢Ǹ⣺գ˵ˣδϰһʱղסءⲻСĴ㣬
ӻڳ鴤üǿסЦĳһ˿糱һġ
ظĴŶճĶͷ㿴㿴һʦֱ̫ˡǾôһϺõۣƽˣҲûиãʵڲáôŰɣʦ㡣Ҿ˵Ҫ԰ɣûʦֵܸ飬಻á
ճһ˵ţһȥӽëϵмңվѵۣߡ
㶵վԭأһʱʧ
²ˣ֪ƾأǷŭء˵ѸոձʹԹȥ
ǧתӺò׼һЦɳɤ˵ⲻʦ֣Բͼս
ճæ֣Ц仨һʦֵ֮սд豾Ϊ£ҲգʵֹأʦҵĲˡգ㲻Ҫˣûеôˣֲңƽﲻţ⴩ŻСٲ£Ǿǿҡ
˵Żճŭ
ҡ
ţ˵ֲ֪Ӻ˵
оﲻԣȴû
ճĻһǰҽҪȥʦѧóܹ֮ܲȥɡ
ʵϣճµһӲһɾϳųա֪ʲôģ
ǰۻۣװֳڷгù
֮ʵΪְٵӡ
ϲҫԼҰʳ
ڻɽʱҪȡһִһС
ȥ֮ʱŪһ޶ĿĿףϹۡ
ûƯ·˵ûʲôԺ˵ʵͦܵġ
ƯĴѰɷõʱҲϲ͵ȡһЩɫ޵ĳۣʽñӡЬѥ
һ£ճ¾ٶȻоһ˿ѵõůͱжˡ
ͷһ룬ǰһԼԼʹָ̳࣬лˡ
ֻǰƤʹţķߺչֳ
ȻˣվͶлʦˡץסɫۣлŵе޹ζͺ⡣
֮䣬·ǰӾԻ
ճЦ뿪㳡лȥԼľݡ
Ӿվԭأ۵粻
˺һᣬλʦİο֮£ŻعЦݡ
ҽѧ󷨣ӴһԾҰܱȼ磿ڱǿûϵҪ˶ãʶһ°ı¡

ճϸƷλűǼӵķŭʹԼ޿κεĿ⣬ܸܵеʮӶʮĶ־ȴЦһ
ʦ̫ƫˣ˲󼺡ͳÿһ˿涼㿰ΪҶĿ
ֻҪʼ˲ڳڳʵһ
ңİ֮⣬һһ֡
գ׽⿪֮գ֪ܷ⿪ҵľй֣
ճףĮȻָֻĻ죬΢΢̾Ϣһ
ܵõʦӣ淨ԼֺαӬӪˣһЩıơ
һԣβȥҹʦܳɹ֡
򲻵ѣճǲ˺ȥʦͽݣƭᡣ
Ͼһͷڵϣݹʦġ



1756 ˼ϣ
ƽճֻһ֣Ѿ֡
оԼоȻҲĵԹʧһЦ
ԭħϮӰȴ޴ڡܣĪɱ⡣
Ԫ񾳽ﵽڣﵽ۷壬Ҫͻơ
ΪĻͥжͽһЩ򣬰һںݣӷɣҲ뵽ɼ
ңİ
գóĽأ˿Ϊޣһл֮ܺ
ΪͻƣҲһ˿϶¾΢΢ȣ޴
һţĹŹԪͬ
֣ÿһ˿ħʵкô
ǻ⸣һӡ֤
ᣬ󲻵á˵ħĿǲǵĵƵ
Ϲʿ޵ҪնһУնննңֻ౾ܣȻźʵ
ȻȽԣճȴǲȡ
ߵ·ӲͬһʼͲԸնԼķ׳ġ
ЩӵļصģԶ仯ȴã
һ֣ʵ
Ϊ¯Ϊȼ棬ܱĲ
ָ£ճԾԾģԼ֮ĶˡΪ˷ĸ˴Ҳͬ
û뵽ʵˡ
֮򵽣˷Ƿ仹ɽ磬ʵǿʳ硣
УûôҪ
ʵֻǿȨ
־ν𣬾һʶ
ճոմӺгӣʦѧգźӲһȶɡ
ⲻֶΣҲı㣬ʵֻһܼųϣԸ
ô
һ˲õĴ֣ϲЯͽǲر
˽İѻ̸գĶսɱǽ˸ֹŹСֶΡ
ںݺ֮ʱʲô͵ĸ֣ܻóӦֶΡ
ղơԪϡ⻯绽ꡢݳءʮ䡢ͷۡȺ
ǧ㷨ֶΡѰֵһУͿݺ£вһС
ȫᡣ
λʦǲǺܺã˽
Ȼأճİʦˡ
£Ҳѧ
ĸ磬һ˽ͽּΪʦ϶һ˵顣
ԼΪߣûиţҲûлԵҪȥʦһ£ܡ
ˣӺ￪ʼ֡
Ҳӵľ¡
ֻҰӣճûʲô˵ġ
һҰδȥСëһѡ
ֻӣҲͰˡƫƫһﱾǿӰշͬϣִɱͲˡ
Ϊճǿ۵ġ
ˣԵĳᣬճȻΣݺݵĽѵԷҲûɱġ
룬ɱʥգǻ˵ã
ⲻǻͯ
ԣա̨ɽбǶʦֻΪҪѧա
統ѧʱҲǶʦľηţš
˼
ʱء
٣ѧУʦÿͷ
Ŵʦͽ֮䣬һͷڵϣӴ棬
ճʱʦԼʦ
ʦͽǽףǸ飬˵Ρ
ԣҲ͹ؾصԵҪԼ˵۾͸ۡԹ꣬ӷԸ£һӵı֡
һ£ҡʱûѧʲôҲ١
˿켣ʵѾԷȥųʦ뷨
־ǣҲʦпء
Ȼ󣬾ǽս
ʦ⽲һᣬȻ°ţ׼кӹȥ
ʱճ뷨ˡ
̫ãܲпᡣ
ʦúõĸһΡ
ԭͽһʼЩǰڣȫǻӡԼĿ
ճڣƷζԺļ䣬ʦǺصһˡ
˺ѧյڣǰδţҲδ֡
Ϻӳʦ֮ʱõǶԷ԰Լı¡
úԺ˵Լ䡣
ʲô˼
տʼʱճãܿλʦΪӸӲͣԺԼŻ
ȴǱ
ôĺӣܴ֮ݺ磬ѵǸʦų
ڻɻ¡⵱ʦģȻ󲻹ܣ
չܽһͽܣⲻѰɣ
ʦôġ
ͽһСίҲҪȥҸӡ
˵ͨˡ
ԭʼţˣҲһ
µʮɳ˴ĻԪΪôɵģ˵䶯鱦ֱӰʦֶŮɻҽ
ҵӣҷ𡣡
˴ߣôԼͽܵġ
ôʦΪʲô⣿ĸԴʲô
»һֽͰ
Ǿǣ۽̻ǲ̱죬ʦûԼЩ˵ͽܣڡ
̺ӱ£Ϊмӣ㡣
˼·ݣֲ֮Ϳˡ
ơԼˣʵֻһζѡ
ҲͽˣΪηɽоһЩʵľ䡣



1757 ˼£
䳡ϣλʦı죬ֱָûǿһֱɼı¡
һɼⶼ汾졣
ֵȴǣʦֵܶûл߶
ֻǼɣûлѧᣬҲɡ
ֻèѧһƤë
Ӻʦ֡ô꣬Լôôɾʹǡ
ǵձ£ȫǲһ
ѽ
ճţǾֿһĨ
ƺͨһ˲õĶ
УǶ֮Уÿӿȡ̰ͥ࣬쵽¾ϻͨȵȡ
ˡ
Щ䣬ȫǸޱȵġ
ûиţеܿˣҲѧᡣ
ٵĲǸ֪ʶһʵõһһ̨׵ĸš
ӷɡ壬Ȼƹصķš
ˣ֮ʱѧ˻ţǿõġ
Ƿɽ꣬Ҫ޵Ԫ񾳣Ҳ롣
ԪףЩҲûٽһĿˡ
мϲ㣬û֪ôٽһ
ⲻǵĸ츳áճЩ֮Уʮˣʼá
ɽü֮Уѧʮ꣬ҲѾҪȽٳˡ
ѵʦͽüɶΪ硣
ֻҪĵĻֻǴһЩ˾ܱĳŲţ
ճʱˣ֮ȱĲǸҲǿ졣ȱɽֻ֮Ԫ澭֮Ļƪ
ǣʦ֮ʱĵҲȫȻ
֮ĴЩΪûʲôֻǶպĿ֤а
컨׹ӿÿһԼࡣ
ˣ͡
Ӿץ㵸ˡ
˭ˣ˵һʦ̵Ǻö洫󷨡
ºƨûС
˰Ҳѧᰡ
뵽ֻǵʮӣʦĵȥΪûֻƬ
УţħıҲʮ䣬Ҳǿ
˽䣬ԭԪ˧˲²̫Ͼӣʵδ֤ʵֻܳƵһʦŲ꣬ʮ䡣
ıĻǾʦĵӣǻΪˡ
ôһЩѧ汾µģǱ֮У˵ʦŸ
˵׼ĳʱΣĳһ¼֮У𵽹Źֵá
أһʦ֮󣬾ͥˡֱʬҰɽѸֵͥŴ
ֳ棬Ƿʦϣأ

ҹŰ뿪Сȵᡭ
ԣճȵб
û˯Ҳû붨ǰԪ̽˳ȥӦźӡ
סòǺԶִȥĵۣš
ЩأôҲ˵ġ
ԣԷһһճĸӦ֮С
繳ңббĹ֮ϡ
ճ֪Ϊζؾ֮УҲǳֻܲ²ʦƣ粻ȥ̽Դס
ʦִѾϨƾޣҲһЩֶţƬɽֶԵø⾲ס
ҲǸоʱѵתӻȻһԾԾƮƮڵϣоֱð
ĵĴţŵľɽȥܹڵסԺ
ճЦˡ
ûдʦٵġ
ĹãʵʦһϷ
ճ÷䣬Ӱòص㳾
һһ㣬ںӵ
ǺءΪϵľ޴࣬ƭ´ࡣ
۾Ǵɡ
һΣճ׺۷Ϊʵȫʩչֶˡ
·ۣԶԶܿʦӾŻ뿪š
ֻҪ˳ɽ·ǰУܵҡ
ճ΢΢Щ˷һ̣ЩԼǲֲ´ˡ
ѵʦΪǿ֮ţͽײͽԵźһҹ󷨣Ҳһ𴫷
ͽǰҵһãܴ淨ͺá
ЩնȴԵ֮ʿò˵ճıû䣬ҲһЩ֮£ΪΪһȤ
ӿǿѹס˼룬ڲϲ龳֮Уûɵһ˿
ۼžҪŻճûü׸ˣ͸оǰһ
ǰһ
ðɣӳȻԼڵһһ齡һš
ҾȻˣصסˣ
һŭȻճзâţһ
ȥˡ
ǻռ䴫͵ֶΣڷɽֻһǾʦ
һᶼ
˵֮գ컯ģܵô𣿼ٵģȫǼٵġ
ȻѾֲͨԾĵطֲ²⣬ճǷĵǿʧ
ôľȻһӵʸû쵽˱˻ˡ
ˣִбüƻɡ
ճõĮһβٰʦʦһֵľ
ľǶ֣ҾҪıȡ̸ʲôʦͽ壬̫ࡣ
ţճҲңԼȰΪصúܺá
治ʦԼ֮ˣ֪Լ鱦һЩת᲻һưԼ
ȫܷ
Ψһֵø˵ǣʦֱĿǰΪֹҲֻǰԼִ֪硢Ұĵͽܡ
ҸĲģ㣬ĴȥӦþ롣
һǻճֱŲƻطľٶǳľΪҲô
ճȥùֻ΢ϥ֮ϡ
ҫ⣬Ӫһ߷߲ƽ޿κ޵ͽܡ
鱦ԷǴ֮ʿҲһۿ
ʦȻûзһ֣Ҳһʵ΢ͽ˷̫ྫ˻ȥ
ĽŻʦԸߣҾšֻǹǰȺ
˺һӣȵճЩͷˡںӶСճУ졣
ѣѣѣĪѽС˴Կͷɣ
ϥǰеʦڴ˹ʱˡ
ʦŵգ£ȵǰȥ˯ȴ
յʦ̳ǰ°ţ̵ʱ򣬴Ӻﴫҵʴ˴󵨾ү¡
ʦϲӹֵ˼ֹֻһˣʦȱҳ֮գ
ʦͻȻЦˣȴδء
һۡ
һˡһͲҡ
Զé֮ڣճƺһ΢΢оӿ˿˿Ѫ
ڵϵȫɱһա
ǣ۾ȴǸˣֱڰеƣԣԳ˷ɫ



1758 γ֣ϣ
ճδԼƭʦĶĿ
˵ȼ̫޴󣬱ͲһЩСֲġ
ƲУʲô˷ӡӡԭֶΣûõġ
ó鱦ɨ裬ʦͣҡ
ճеֶΣãǷ
˼һʿԵαԼԵ׻ࡣðɣʦƺٳˣķɻԼ˵Ļࡣ
ǰֶΣһٴα¶ŭ˶ԷûȤ
⣬ǾͺΣˡ
ˣӺ͵ѧʹ棬һ֡
ճôЩĹ۲죬Ҳ˵ЩСڡ
ִĻ˵ֱаߣǵжߡ
Ըһ㶼ϸĴԼ
˲ɨˣˮһģϼ¾ϴ衣
֪ϸжٻҳϸ
ˣʱҲû÷ϴϰߣ͸ճɳ֮ˡ
ȴ򻵺ΨһԼ˵Ĺʵۣ⸶һȥú޴Ӿܾǵһ
ڶȻںϵĳˡ
֮ʱѸײڶ֮ƣںӱĺë֮ϴһᡣ
Ҳûʲôر£ֻǰѴС˳ĸݵݰ档
ݺðСҳ󣻻û⡢ûζ
ճĿҲһСɰ
Щˡ
ճ߹ô磬һηֻԼܲĶ
˵΢Ҳ΢ҲԷ֡⺣ݲһȫûϢݿǡ
ңû
ֿһҳûɶ
ǣĸϵһͻķӦ
ճɽȢؼеϽã˫̥õĵӦǺܲġ
ڷžžþźԶҲĸܵеĴ̼
跨Ҳ츳ȫһ컯֮Ķڷá
ճԼƷĸݣҲֻϰԵû룬ξ˴ó
ڱ£ԵĿ겻ʦͺˣҲòϡ
һûҪȥãߣ˭Ϲųɰµأ
ֻжԸֲɾֲ֣ᷨǺʡ
Ļ˼зһһϴ䣬ͰʲôȫɾҲû취
һȻǹˣʦأ
ճҲұ֤ʦͲᷢĸݡ
ϾǱʲֻҪˣܿ̾ϳ
Ӷϵĸݡ
ת֮䣬˲֣Ȼ󶯶ճɱڷɽϡ
ֿܲûС
ԣճܽˡ
ǰıʵΪʦ⡣
һж
ճβҹǰȥȡ淨һ
һӴ˻ǻĴͷţͻطС
λʦУȻ벻Ͳѵһͽܻʲô뷨ɣ
һΣĳλҰͽܵ͵Ϊﶼһ㲨
㲻ĴǸ⣬Ҳͷ˿ǰϸС΢΢̡
Ҫʦʲôˡ
ҹҪ򰵺ŽкӹΪľǲʮӷ
ΪʵǺûҪġ
ݱ˵봫ʹ봫˭ʹ˭˭˵֣
ԣŵǴֻһͣǾǲµǵ飬ǲܡ
ϾĶⳤģŪЩΪذԼĵӣ˵ûǲܵģֲ̫ĵ
̫ˣͽʲôѾˡ
ˣȻ飬ǵ֮ģҲЩûеô淨ĵ̫顣
ԣճĵڶƻۡ˵ǼʵѾҹϴԳƵķ
ôĳʵճϴ·
ۿۣҲܹʣܺšǣճķ
һֻӰ˼ҵķϣⲻǳ
ԣʦЩջˡβеҲˣȻ͵ǻˣ
ôģ
ԣһ䣬־Щˡ
һΣǼ۴ȫ٣ȫޡ͵ĵӿڱѪԼҡ
ǵڶγ֡
ʦԿ϶Լ֮£һֻҲɽҲ̽졣
ʱſԷĵ˵һ䣬˼
ˣһߣΪһ֣Լͽܡ
ûɡ
֮Щ̰ɣɺǿ϶ġ
һ϶
ʵǵֻҪţԼԸ͸顣
Щ˿ԿЩԼѡ
Ϊ֮ʿʦ֣Ҳ
Ȼ󣬾ûϸȥ쿴ÿë
ڽëǷմųʽǷЩŹ֣Щ⣬Ȼٹġ
ѵҪҵʦİȥϴ裬ɣ
ԣγ־ûˣҲճһ߻Ե



1759 γ֣£
Բͨϧ˵
Ǿ񣬽β©й
©йвأᴫԲ
ھ棬а
һھӡ
ճޱϲֳü䡣
ĸƳɡ
ɽǺã䴫컯ɣûҲûݣصúܡ
ǣźԶ߸ʱգû취赲
ʦΪţճֶ֮΢΢ֻھ֮ڣֹ͵̾ˡ
ʱҹ룬ûе飬ϸɻ
Ŵɣֿھϸϸ⡣
ȴǴƷɾ³
ǸҲԪɾ
Ȼɶֹ֣ɾ磬ܹݣֻҪ׳󣬾ܽ
Źһص㣬ǾǼǿ˵̷š滹˸С
ֻҪﵽ
⻯ͷۡء绽ȵȡ
еģȫУûҲС
ΪǸĸƷɾһص㡣
ֻҪ㹻츳ʣ㹻ĵرͿٳɡ
Ȼһˡ
岻ǿĻԪôٳɣͻָë
߱߻ħ
Ӳ⡣
ʯ̥ǿһͿơ
⣬Ũܴ׻
ڼ棬档
Ҳ˵ôֻҪ׹ϿԳɹ޳ɡ
СʱŰɾϡ
׳һ㣬ʦҲЩЦһǸиģˡǰ洫ǳ洫ľǻšȻָܿŹ棬ܲžͱ
⻰˵أ֪ҪͷϷˣͷٰݣʦǴţ
㵹ǴȷֻҪ޳ɣ֮е֣֡ˣսܡ
ʦЦ
ҪѧҪѧʦһ۾Ź⣬˫ѡ
ǰԪս
ǣЩճ˼֮ǰδеĿǿ
жʹжǿ
ճԶԶţҲǰϲˣû⣬ʦӵӦþǾת
ƾһƷɾӾٶٿ죬սҲܴ
Ҫ֪λʥȻΪ²ĿǴ
֮УΪռƵ£Խսʤ֣Ӧ־ĹҲֻһ֡
ǾǾת
ڷŸͷ棬Ҳа˾
ʦ֪ǳʲôԭ򣬸ûŹֻ֣ԹԵĴڡ
ҲʶȤûʣ벻Ҫһʡ
˵ֻҪ£Ĺܽʲô֣ѧ˵
ճҷģ飬ϸˣȫݣԺŲȱ
İɣһֶ©СѾͷ
ţճϲǡ
ˣʦ֪ôģŹرϺӱ
ȫٳɣҪһĶ
ʲôѰҵĵرҪ֮
˵֮
ˣ¡ŹԪ񾳽磬磬һļ
ûУǾֻпాˡ
ߣճǰǰ㣬챦ޣһ嵱ȥ
ٵȵԪ񾳽糤һ
Ϲ֮ʱЩħķ
ʵͳȴġ
ʦڣƳɱͶ˻򹦵£ٶȡ
һʲôûʶ̸Ϻˡڹ£ǹƽǵ£ÿ˶һ㡣õ󹦵£ͺˡرأն
ʦһʹ֮ת˺ع֮Сţ
ѣֻһھʦ˵Ҳ赭д
տʼ֮ʱճĪϸϸĥһ£̱ʮ˷ܡ
Щ飬ֻǸһɴȥƣôҲ벻ġ
ԭ÷԰˹뵽֮ʹܰԼ
ַķʲôЧأ
Ǿ˷߹·
˵еٲˡ
ַˡ
´ƷɾԪ񣬻¸СǴ˾תսǴôԼ˷ľС
ԪӽսйзֱѺӴһȫսʿҪ˵ʦûʲô뷨ôҲŵġ
ճԼҲ²⵽ʦʲôˡ
ڴû̫ණֵ÷ġ
Ψһֵģֻһ֣ǾΪĽ
νѧֹǾߵεȵزһɽһɽߣǰŲһķ羰ڵԼ
οͬڻʳ
˽һԼͣǰ޹⣬Σա
ôܸһأ
֮䣬籾Դ֮ΪٶȵĶҲûʲôֵǣˡ
ϣԴ֮ж˶ۺ죬ʱô죿
㲻ֱǿҲ
͵øʩֶΣ´󹦵£йýͣ
ѭĳִƣˡУеõô
Ϸô棿ô¡˿˲ˡ

תһתһ졣
ճ꣬һŹڲˡ
ȻʵʱûиԵı仯
ǣţܷɿ
ˣճҲˡ
Ͼ֮ҲʮֵҲǸˡ
ҪǣѾҪݹ
ǰԴ˵Ĵ÷·Ҫࡣ
ãʦסڲԣ΢˫Ŀ
ļ˼䲻ͨ͸ĵطɻ
ٰлǳúţصס
ճ壬ŶվڻԱߣ˸
̧ȥͼɫ΢ף·
ˡ



1760 洫һ仰ϣ
ȥ֮ʦɢ⣬ջʶ΢ԡ
üָһ̡
ˣȻ嵽˭ơ
룬б齱˫ĿԶݣϢ
ֱʱԶյճźһĵǰῪһʯ
ֻҪҸᣬӺȡĸݡ˴¼޺ۼӴ˰ǡ
˵֮Уƴ֮ʿȻֵġճ֪ûбˣӦʵ΢һ
ҲΪˣʦĿͷβûзŵ
ҲȻ󲻻µǲԼϸӲ쿴붼롣
ΨһľͬĴ󣬻ʨϻȴޣ˶ѡ
ȻҪһ㣬ҲĿŵҪǱ
ճһ㡣
鱦ѹˣʵ
ֻҪĻɡˣȻϸϸ̽졣棬ճҲţԼ
Ͷʦкˮ淨ȥˣΪչȻǸԪڵСЩѪǲ̫Ũ
һЩҲܲ˶ѡ
ɽ֮Уֲ˵ضҲ٣ÿ궼һġ
ʦĿⲻ֪ͶٷǶУճ˸ɿȡĸݡ
һΣ͵͵Ʒɾ;תǳλͬʦ߶֮Ľʽ
ʦ֣Ҫһϻ
ճЦеĵ
¾ֶʦܹȻأʦֵܸͶЩûʲôȤҲֻʦܿȥЩ꣬ʦŹԺҲıǰ̡
ʦЦŻصȡһϻ˹
ģճ֪λ϶Ҳû־еĴԡ
ǲ֪ܷ֣ܲӦòܡǼһǸģûʧһԵ
ճҡҡͷ
Ժ˵֮дƷɾ;תһǧʱ˼Щõľ顱
Ҫǽ֮ճһͥô󣬵鱾ҲܷŹ
ӵ̣ʵ
ÿһ飬봴ߵԻԵ΢Դ塣
֮ͨ£ܶΪ
ҪǣԺԼͻƸ߽׶εʱ򣬲ʧ˷·;
ǰ㣬ǰ¡֮ʱͻͽһ
˺ڣΪǳҲ֪ԼҪôܽ
±Ǩ׺ɣʵһֱͣͲǰ
޷ⶥ
תһЩͷճӹлʦ֡
ƹŷɽһЩ伮ҲƢº͵úܡ٣ճûλ˭йִ
ԼôЩһֱſ԰۲ʹҲһͬʵġ
ʦһʲô飬һһ㣬ʮֲͷ
ҲʦĿڶԼģһ˵ʲôģ
˸ı䡣
Ǵ䳡ݺݵĽѵ˺һΣֻǳһʦ̾Ϊֹ
ڴӼ˶Ľһʦܣºͬʦ֡
ɽĵı仯ճ˵ûκ塣
ֻţԽŵֵ˼仯ͼıɽˡ
׻˵ɽɽѡ
Ա˵ָ˼
ճ˵ȴһֵӵ⡣
뷽ɽǶƺӣʦ޿޲ɵ¡
һ㿴ѣʵͦ׵ġ
͵ѧ˱£ճʵ뿪ռɽͷ͵չ
ʱͷ֣ɽľٶƺͦʱ˵ġ
еӶѧ߰
һ۵ĵӣ˵ҪɽǴĻԹˣʦûдڱ
Ҳδ̫עĿˡ
˵ʦͻúõĲһһΪҪ붴ɽԭ
ֿʵ󣬵ճǲġ
ѰӣɽһȻȻźá
ͷճûб¶
ճɻϣͶԪΪ֪һʱʱİݷһ¸λʦ֡

鶴֮Уճççһ֮ϣӭҿ磬ϥ
粢תΪ뷽ɽǶéͨżŨ˽
鶴˵һʺܴԷɽ˵ȴСÿԺԲơ
ʵطŨ̫޴
ʦѾȥ꣬ɽУԽãճҲǰš
Ҳ֪ʲôԭ򣬺ӾȻûսԼ
ճ֪һ첻Զ
ʱȼյ棬ǹս⣬һҪû
ͣճ롣
ʵѾͻˣһͻͽ
纣һ֮ȴֻ˲ʮ֮һ
ܲúӳҹȥʱʵˣƾǿ츳˵ֻʲôӡһŪãһ٣ʲôӶûˣ
ӵС£ճɣǺռϷ磬лԷһʹɱ֡
û·ϣЩûк̨֣ȫһӴûɢ
һӱ׺ᣬǿʵ֮󣬸͵òˡ
ʱԼĴεʷñҲ֪Ρ



1761 洫һ仰£
ֻΪһԣҶܷɡˣǵá
ԭƻҪͻƾתתٻҪʮ꣬ճȲ
תת۷壬Ҳʵ۷壬ĳֲΪ֪˼˺ľͰͶȥˡ
ͻƵĹؿڣճ㵽鱦鸮С
ͻ֮ʱ³ʲôֵı仯𷽴ɽǶλʦֵע⡣
Ҫʦֲԡ
ֻҪ͵͵ͻƵЩ÷һʦǰͻܰȫ
ͻ㼶ҪѪڱ仯û̫仯
֮С
Զ֮е֮ವһȥ֮һճϽɫâԽԽ֨졣
ˡ
ͬ
ʵʰˣɢ˷Ƭ±ñ˰ֱ࣬ʮ֮ң
޴ĴڣӹˢˢľͰ˰ء
ԶԶ޺ͷһ㡣
ճЦһվ
ͷһƣͼϽӯߣͬˮһתɡ
çϵζ֮м翳
˷ļʽ壬ȷ˼롣ܵӴʹָʣճ̾ѡ
һУƱ֣һնۡ
ۡ
Ľ֮ϣһ𣬾͵ƣƤַܵĻơ
֮Уһ˿ӡû֡
編ײ
ȻɼҲѾ޷նˡת׶ΣѾר߽ɡϾתԽս֮ܣھĳЩҲƴһƴ
˭ʤ˭δ֪
ֻҪţħͷߵʵճЩɡ
Щȣϻʤһȴǲ࣬ݡЩһÿһѹ׵ı¡
ϸȨһʵ㼶ճͷոͻƵľ޴ϲĵĵȥ˼֡
Աȣںӵ칬ı£ǴвġҲ֪Ѿһ
뵽ǿҫ۵Ĳˣճ˵
ʵֻ̫һЩ˻壬ȫʹˡҪӿٶȡֻͻתתƿѾˡҪתҪ٣
֮ǳˮ棬ճʹֱҧ
ð
ճһһͻƾתڴƷɾƾԼ⣬ϻͥš
᲻ö˷֮
ȻԪͬҪɸΪ֮ץص㡣
ڣ꾳磬ЩһֱڽţѿҪͻƵɺڡҪǿϲ֪ٱ

鶴ճոճȥ׼ȥ󿴿鼮߽
ûûҹȻ͡
ճæתȥ
ҲΪãҲΪӵԭʣʦ꽲ڿࡣ
ż¾ͻһΡ
ĵףճȴ֪ʦУ֪ľͶһЩƷɾ;תľҪ
ͬඥ˷ĪճҲδ׵ݡ
Լһѧʦϸϸ֤һֻǰ߹ĵ·ףɻ
ǳ
ãδͻת֮ԼǰԼսʤ֮ࡣ
˵Ҫ
ŴɵĵʦڣҰ·ӵõһؼϹһ̫ࡣ
ʱճʦ׻׻յģҲм֮飬ϾԼѧ˺ܶණ
ǣֻҪعͷǲ֪ƵԻ飬ĵ
ʦ̵ʼֻһˡλǰ·ֶΣõѧᣬпġ
˽ʱʦ΢΢Щˣͣ½⣬̧Уʵպڣ
ڡ˳ϢԨü۾˸Ҿзȡ
һЩʲô
ЦӽͨԴཥӡ
ʦͷͨԣøԴע壬ȴֻǷš
˵ְһεP硢׵ȽһһúëȻߵͷү֮ײ
ʦЦҪѧһ֣ʮ仯еɷʮ仯
ӹµתԸѧһɷ仯ա
ˣǰھ
ճ̾ϢɨһڵӣЩȫȣ֡
һۺźܵʦϲ
һֲھȫϸ
˵ʵڵģڴ֮Уûʲôء
ʦȻǸȴûʹڡ
Ϊ̫ߣҲиԪ׶ΣĿúܡ
ʱС
ճȻҲ⡣
μǿھ¼ȴǱȺûҪ͸˼ۿʦǵı顣
ʦܼ򵥣˸Ķˡȥˣ͵ѧˣûϵ
ѧᣬѧò
Ϊʮɷ䣬ǻھתı仯ʦ̵ľϵӦ֮
ûѧõھƨûС
ӵǣֿھҸɶһĻͬھҲӦԻ
ЩԺʲôҲھףò
ܵ˵õĿھӾһЩ仯ܱ֮ȱϵҪǿϲ١
ճɫ¶һֱţǵһ𣬴ʱҲջļڡ
ʦ˿ھ֮󣬲ڵӵķӦתȥˡ
㿴ңҿ㡣
ʦʹ˸ɫһʦЦǰʵգʦ󷨣ѧ𣿡
ʲôѵģһͶȻ洫һ仰ٴ飬
ڴˣƿλʦ֣ҴҵԼסȥ
ոռһЩҪϰȴǲͷൢ顣
һۣźԶӰɫ粻
̾Ϣһʦ֣˵ǲ̫޶ˣնĶ顣
ճţһ˿Ц⡣
Ҫ붴ɽע⣬ˡ



1762 Ƥˣϣ
ûɣ
ľɥ֮ճһЦǺǵ߽
λʦֲǶߣǳǿһ
жǿڸո͵ھ֮ʱѾĵ˿ھ
ճ͵ۼԷдʣһ£֮к޷Ӧ˲Ŵʧ
⵹ҲˣҶһҲûʲô˲
ؼǣΪСʦܵգȴá
òԣ˸ɫʦȥѯһ¡ȻһҲΣֱףʹó
ңǼһﻹ²ĸϻסһ̶뵢飬ȻǼ˳Ч
ˣЩѿˡ
ʦܴԺ⣿
һ뵽һû⣬ȴǲ˼Ҳ˵üʵ
ճȴýֻͣǹҶʦ֪֮һĳݽһЩزٵ
Ż棬ֻڵӣȫ⡣
Щ治ʣЩȴƫƫаļݣ仯֮ջʵ̫ˡ
Ȼ˲Ŷճ˵ͷ˼
ճ˵Դǣû˻
΢ᣬ˺ҪأȻ˵ʲôע⡣
ˡ
Ǵι㳡Ƚ֮ճȻǴʦܡλڵ֮УʵѾܸߡ˺ӣĴʦ֡
ȻЩ£ƽƴڻΪׯأû̫ţȲĴʦֵġ
֮ԻûԭճϾʱ֣ܻʱʱڵ۵䡣
۹⾫׼ͽ飬֮˵յľ΢ڵӶࡣ
Ĳ˵˵ʦѱ˦ԶסһаʽʱƾգѾӴʮУܵòҡ
Ȼ־棬Ϊʮ־ԵĲδôƷɾ;ת
ʵϣҲûǸ±Ƴӵ汾¡
ֻǵƾվͿɻˡ
ϾǺöĺӣ·ŵˮϾŴͦġ
⼸꣬λʦֶԹˣһֱûٴѰճսҲ֪ʲô
Ǽô̹ģ¡
пΪûɣûо԰վͲսһҪӵĺӡ

ճֻܵʦֵһŻɵӣҲȥΣԹԵȥˡ
Χʦ֣ʦǾ仰ʲô˼˵̫ѧ᣿
𣿡ɫһѵʦֵȫҪɵöѧûᣬǾͲУ
ۼеȫԹ˿ھһãһǣȻмλԽȥԽɫԽѿ
Ƿֵ꣬ʦܵ˼ԣ˵ǱȺѧһЩĳֹ
ȻΪ⻰˵˵ʦÿͽڴ֮ͥ¡֮ʱɽϵ޶ܼɡѧᷨȻԲãɡ
˵꣬ٲԣѻ뿪סȥˡ
⻰Ȼڲġ
ڵ죬ͬʱĬԻظ

ʦԽڿһûһ£ټλӡ
ԽɽòĺҲ˻
һ͹ʦͷȫϲɫ
ճķ֣ϸǿŰƴѹϻۣγɴơ
˫۸Ǿͬ磬һȻԹŹ֣ȴûһٸӡ
ʶˣɳ̫ˡ
ճֹš
磬һǮ˾ͻţҲͦøֱƸǿ
ɵ֮Уʵˣͬˡ
Ϊһֻӣ汾ϣ̱ǿĿԶ
Ψһӵģֻʦһˡ
ʦһۣҲ˵ϻڽ
ճһע⵽ˣ߹ĪĴ֮⣬ݣĵĶһЩʮɷ˱仯ԼӾƭ֮
Цøɵһ㡣
ڵӰĿĿ⸴ӡ
ðɣǻû
ճϵǣֱʦ꣬ҲûκһӸɣһΪʲô
΢΢ЩʧǻδüӰС
洫ѯգЩӣпнչ
մϲ֮ѹʦ̵ӹ걸ϼٷˡ
ϲԱǰڴ֮СһѾıɸߡ
ˣѾûλʦֵӰӣں˵Ŀ
óԸһóܲˣ
˲֪ʦճ˶ܿ׵ġ
һΪֱ׶壬ۿžҪͻ߽ףڷٽţϵŨֻһС롣
ӵô淨ʼҲֻǹѡ
һʲôҰӣֱӳΪɣֽҪͻƴɡ
ٶȼֱš



1763 Ƥˣ£
ٽɷ֮󣬺Ȼûͣ½Ų
ЩȥɽУоִСֲ۾Ķȫϸϸ仯һ顣
飬ܶð߬һ¾ˣ
飬ܹġ
ôĳɾͣƫƫҪﲻ¶ýĪ˵һֻӣǲʮϰʿҲ̲ס
ԣʦһʼĳɾ̲ͣ̾סˣ˷ܼԱӵ
Ҫߣߡ
ҳˣܷˣҸٲһˣµһ
úֵʦһüͷ˯̫ѵĿ⣬΢΢ЩϲʵŶϼһơ
ûʦĲ˳ػصʦͶӾͳȥʾϼ֮
ҹƷɾʶеĸַԼ⣬ʱ԰ڡ
£˳õ˿տ
ҲȷԸֻצһץһݣԾա
ֱۻ绮ˮ³һ
ƶ֮ϣ¶£һٷʱ䣬ȥԶַ˻
ȻѿúܣƼˡ
ôʦƷɾˡ
ĥ֮ڵӺȻЦճҲ̲סЦ
ȷԺӵ۷Ϊַ̫ˡ
Ԫ׶ΣУԷУٶȸ߶ȶҪǿġ
ЩҰĥļ·Ҫǿ
ˣȻƶ壬ЩҲû˻˲
ʦҡͷЦ㲻ƣֻƶѡԹŵɳαĺࡣȥ˰գɲƶ㲻ϣ
ʦ˵һ֮ڣĺα飬߸ء
һ۾ˡ
æʦѧ֮
Ҳ֪ʦôģӦЦҿ֮ǰʹһơɡʺ㲻ֻҪɣһͷڰգܷɳʮǧ
˵ҲܼɣֱӴ¿ھһΣصڶûˡ
ڵڶЦĵգѧˣԺ͸飬һ¾飬ڣߵﶼˡ
ðɣϴεľ飬źѧᡣ
ɼ֮УԺܶ鶼пݣЩӿ»Ϊʦֻ˵һ˵ûеһ¡
ϴεʮһҲûý
óôªƷɾ֮ȻҲûѧʲô¡
ϴ˵϶Ҷࡣ
һƽ⣬Ҳ˳ȵʦȥȡЦ֮ڶ
ʱ֣λʦЩӲ˿
һֻǫĺӣܻЦƣղ֪ΪΣЦ
ҡͷЦǲ

ձˣƢҲʦȴûиһЦ˵
ͬЩĵӣֺȴˡ
ֻӵĿЦֹȴܸӦԷϢǿࡣ
ֻһȥ͸оһֳصѹ
ǰ֮ʱԷԼǿһ㣬Ҳûָо
ΪʦǶε£ƫƫһûѧᣬбΡ
˰ĥ
ûϸʱ򣬿ʲôֻѰ
ȵ˵ƣ˻ɣϸϸܲԡ
Ƶˣɣ̲סͳ̽
ȫһ৵ӡ
ӱϻȥѧı죬飬⻰ͣ½Ųͷ˿ʦ֣Цұ²̫ʦֻǿһЩġ
ݡ
Ȼѧᶥˣ
ڵƤǹ˳º͵ĺѾˡ
𵱳Ӹ֮ʱ˲ˮժԣǰææȥֺõģ
ԽǼ£Խѹ
˶룬ΪĴʦֶŸֵ͸ܡ
ǣԷ⻰Ҳǲ٣ԼȷǴ򲻹
ɫͺ죬ҵ޵ݣһʱſڽࡣ
ͼճվһԿϷǿڲԣգѧЩ¾Ͳ֪ߵغ㿴ʦܣǿ̫࣬˼ҲûȻǳɽҰҰδˣӡ

ɫһڣŭֱ嶥š
ĺĺ
㳡ԣճù࣬ʹ裬飬ƨɱ˼
ʵƽ衣
ɺ޵ǣһΣڵӻǷЦ͵Ц
ܳһʱ䣬̧ͷ
ЩӵĽΪٰЩ·ϡǣڲŷ֣
Լʵǿܹǳ裬˶δȴ
뵽΢΢Ѫ˿ŭЦʦ֣ʦҪǿ
Цʦܣ˽֢ɣձǰģǰѲɣʦȫǵˣ
ȫЦ
ò˵ЩһļʹòҲ׼˺ӵӡ
ȥѯ٣ֻٴһ
²ⲻҪֻԼ۾
ƵҲˣǲһԵĿźӣԷӦ
ճ̾⼸ʦֲΪɽĴӣȻûѧʲô汾죬ͷǻʵһ㲻
Լֻǰ˼䣬»ɵӡ
̣ǾѧİԼ˳ȥ̽ӵûѧĹ졣
ȻһԭǾǺһһҪǿԸЩϵӸʹ汾졣
ҪȥԣҲԲһ
ɫѿ֪˼˳ˮҪ˵Ҫѩܡ
һ˿⣬ǴųŪ֮ɫתͷճЦʦ֣Щ̹Ľ֪տٴν
ûУԸ㻹ͦ׵ģôʦܣƤˣ

Ц
˵ٶ࣬ĿһΡ
ȻʦǴӣճ˳ˮ۵İѺӵı±Ƴƣʦôͽܵģ
̳ĵӣǵĲ𵽵ģ
ֻҪпʵ˾ͻĻ䣬Թʧ֮£뿪ˣ϶ֻһ
Լ붴ɽд⣿



1764 Уʤϣ
ܲӣѧ˳£Ծһȵĵڡ
ԭЩ̫ƽϵһЩʷЩȥ˾͹ȥˣ߷Ĳӥٶŵŵʵû˼
û˼֮
λʦ׸ڣֶֻΣսǺõľУЦǳɹ
ѧδ֮ǰִ˼ΣҲǱ첻ãûʲôԹ޵ġȵлˣһسӾˡ
æúܣҲȥƽϡ
ʱƽϣʮֿ㡣ҲͳԼȻ򲻹Է
Ǵʱ˿̣ⲻԸ߿Լ
̭֮ճ΢΢Ц۾΢΢ˡת֮䣬ͱƽЦŵʦ֣ҶһЩµ⣬ٱԱԡ
ճйâһƺû뵽ӵĳǸҲһЩ
Ʒɾɹ֮󣬾ٳɵģȻľ˼ߡ
ٶŭ⣬ÿŭӰ쵽顣
ĺ࣬۴Ԫ񣬻Ϊ
ܿ죬ͻһѶԸľС
ܰյҰӿ
ΨһճҵǣЩʱգÿûʲôʱգҲûʲôָС
һ棬ҪٽҲû
ˣĸˮƽߣΨһû̫仯ģʵա
Ȼˣе˵ˡ
ճ΢΢תôҲЦ˰֣˰ɣʦֵ֮䣬Ǵɱɱģδ˺
ĲԸ˵ĸоǺʤ߷ȣøʧһʶ
֮ǣҪһû̡
˵Ҫ뿪
š
ӼˣӮ˾ܣһӵĻᶼ⻹˵ã
¾СĲ֮Ǵ򲻿ɣʦֺЦڶ߻ص
Լܲܲܲ˵ĻӶ͵Ϯɣ滹УڷɽԻᱻ˳Ц
ֵôˣʦǲá
һתʦ֣㲻˰ɣ֪ѧµı£մǣ¶ӡ
ƾ㣿ӣѧʲô£ʦֲûǰҵһסϡɵúܡĪǣʦʲôղɣ
ʦǲǽ£ֻǲң
һᣬţʵ
ȻճʻӵȻڰԼʦ࿴˵־ȴôҲڲס
оһпˣӻѧ˱£Ȼô֡
ЩһֱУǰճһ֣ǾʦС
ޣͬɽѧգͻȻʹ£Դȥ룬Ҳôһ¡
Ǵα֮ճϸϸİѽ·˵һЩ˵Լ򽣵·̡
Щ˲ףЩȷǱ˽̵ģԼġ
ѧ˽֣гһգԼջҲܷٽ
ûмֶãֵ̾ˡ
ÿһ˭һЩʲô仯˭Ĺ˽ȻûеĸܣֻҪӦ΢һ㣬ҲܲеĲԡ
οͻͽ飬ʦͺԼûҪôȥڡ
ʦֻǲ⣬ûµô롣
˼æĶǴ£ͷ͵ô룿ԶߣأԶ̸ġ
أҲûһ¡
ѧģֲ͵ģʲôˣ
ǲʦ֣ʹֵİԼɾ壬Ӵ˳˵ˣ뵽Ҫ
ʦּһ£ٱճӣ̾ܲˣһֱֵôҲ಻ס
һճһǲң
ճһ㶣̬԰
ԭ˰ͷβһֱûҪԼı¡ǸãҲʡҶ໨ˡ
£ҲϷˣֱһӦ
ãȻȤȻòˣɱޱӡ
ӱñдһ磬ŭ˭ޱӻһȻҲˡ
⻰ʵڣ롣
Լʵǿ̫࣬ܿһӴ֡ڷɽϣͬΪʦֵܣȷ¶֡
˴ӵ䳡֮ϣѡñڽһգؼХ
ͷ飬ֻ˵׼𣿳һ
ָճڣϢ𣬽֣֮Ͻתͷ¡
շƼӰ涼䣬ͬɽƿ͡
ΧˣֹĿ̸֣ЦĸӮźӵܵüС
һ壬˶߰˲ɫҰס
ȻҲúӵʵӦûһЩȻҲٴս
֪̫Զٴս
ִ£һֻҲġ
ȴ˭Ҳû뵽һһ־ͷƱɫѹ£һ㡣
ϢֻԼӸӦľ
ȫһεǽʲôѵѾ壿
һ޴ɻصʦֵ
ˣ˲þϮͬվ˫۷ֱ
ֻһɾ޴ʧ



1765 Уʤ£
ݡ
ճһƣа
Ǻӵθһһ־óɼ
ת⣻Ԫӳ֣Юɽ
⻹ôܲҲһ¶ʵӲӲƴѣðǶ
ȱ˵ʤ⣬ŲţԼոó汾£ͻʦ
Ȼ󣬾ͱʵס
øѵ⣬ϳɽţԼùıһ¶ܾ֮ܿΣ
ճչ¶ǰʵֻԪҲ㲻ǿᡣ
ʮȥڵ֮һҲۣʦҲú
ɼ˵ǽӲסġ
׺Զû˼ճȴס
۾Ԫļӳɣʵٴﵽʮ֮ࡣ
Ψһֵҵǣʱĺӻ۷ڡΪ绹ո𲽲ãҲûоǧççһס
Ҳ֮óеһֱƴʽ
ٶȣȵľ˭׸͡
ˣˣһ䣬ɻ
ţħͷǵˣռ·磬Ȼǅžž
ײû죬ķ
Ұײ
ԣӾսʽ˵νһʮ֣ǿһΣҲûӣֻ
սЩɽӣǼУѾɫ֪ζס
ǹ磬ŰˣԼҲѲƤ
оճ
ճ磬ѧĽǧƣӦԸָľ档Ȼܱ¶ԼʵΪǣԪ׶εԪҲûа취롣
Уʤ
һͷճ΢΢Сɫͬһ㣬ΪɹӰӿ֮бնĨ
ͬףƫɵһֻࡣ
ǽֻڹ֮һӴͽбնλΪ˿նӵľࡣ
۽ƿңճѧ߽ն˫նҽȻǿ
ۼʵҪڵ֮ѧĽ
òùŮʮŽ¾ŽѧĽ˿ֶΡ
ϬĽ޵ĪĽ
ЩĺҪ㣬ʤǿȡʤз㡣
ӵĹ
ȻУû㣬ղûдﵽԲ쾫ûƳ³սŸָС©Сȱ㡣
ճ֮һѷĵԵ棬ƴԪƣҪ
ճֻԪ׶ξ磬Ȼչͷ
Ϊƾǿʮ౶ƣƾ絴ɽԪܰ
ʵʵȺӻҪǿһ㣬ԷеԪУԼתȫûܡ
ʱԸ۽ӵĹƣûκѹ
ǧļ¾ŽʽȥҲͳΪܡ
ɫ˿նںӲֱ֮֮ӿ飬ӴһȾŭ
˵α䣬ԼǰܵòףʱֵĽС
ʱˣ͸ջƺ˾ȴʹ
ҽƣһĽ⣬𣿡
ܲ͸ɴ಻ˡ
Ĳ֮𣬺ͷëҷ裬棬㲨ơ
Ƥͳܻ
ӱһЩʱҲ˲ˣвǰѾתȫת
ͬһʱ䣬еڽҲǽʢֱתΪɨ
˫΢Ϊᣬصһ糱ˣճһɨ
ʱȫûʲôֲˣŭߣ޲һͰѶԷء
ۡ
һ
նںӵĲֻǣпһ¾ȱһС顣
ճϣҲ⡣˳ŷ֮嵭һ㣬ŸǳǳĹӰŲ˷롣
õģȫǷֶΡ
Ҳ˵Ѫᾧ
ǣԪԻħɱߣԽ֮𡭡
ΧźӵתԼһֻôҲ򲻵ŵĺӣޱȡ
ʱʱĻݳһк壬⡣
ӹͣǿϧ෨ûѧᣬҲʧ֮ϸ徫΢ûжԸ򷨵ľ顣
һʱæңѿ
ﻹԷļЦ
ӣսҵĵյ΢ǳƨͨʲôã򲻵ǰ׷ѡһƤţͱҴ̴ʮϰٸˡ
б㣬ӲӲԽꡣ
ճЦȳɢȥ˵ɡ
ߣ޳ɳ壬ʦأҲҵԵֽ
ӸоǰһֻӬƵģȥ˲ͣƫƫ׽סš
һɣ༥
ճ˵ʲôԸͰɳ󷨵˵˳
λڶУһʱɥҲҲοԼɡ
˶˵պһڴ֮˵ĻѧѧҪѧ֮
ʦʱƢתͷ˺
أûоɥϲ
Ŀ
⼸ʦΨкһҲһˡ
ÿνֻڽ̵һˡҸ¿ھʮ䣬ơ
ȫѧᣬֻһͻᡣ
ֻмλʦֵʲУѧᵹҲˣƫƫеӶˡ
ʦ˵ˣֻ˼Ҿ߱ĳѧԼûѧĶܳ־档
ǰǲţڿѾûʡ
ýζڵӣĬ
źģֱܵޡ



1766 ϣ
ò˵ӵȻǿ⣬ȴǺõþˡ
ֻ׷Ŵʮ㳡֮ʯмҷɣȻ׷򲻵ճĹȴıˣ缱ꡣ
Ӱ֮£ճξЩˡ
ǰܹʱʱķһ̵úϻֱð
񣬺ӹıֻ֮㣬ҵһУҲٷ֡
ԽԽ˷ܣһź˷ܣǿźϣЦΪֶνֹڴˣǾʹˣҪʹ֮𡣡
֮£ʤ׷һΣֳͷ­ֱۡ
ֻ۾ɨ䣬ֻ첲ն硣
ͷۡ
Χ˾гһ£ĵʧܶˡ
Щ˰̾ѣʦ׽°
ãʦΣˣԷûûء
ҪҪʦǸܲ֡
ʦܵҵһĽ̵ӣ϶װء
Щӱҵĵӣʱǿڲˣһ˵
ӴһȫʲôطֻʹóͷۣճͲˡ
Ȼļ棬û뵽˵찡㲻ó۷ͷóͨ⻹ƨ
ڽֲеӶѿıʣԼĿѾɣǾ͵ɡ
Ų࣬۹ȴʤһﲻֹճȻ򣬵Ȼ
Ʈ˼䣬һӿԶԶġ
ۺĸ򹥻ᷢճȶ㿪
ܿ룬ϵлȡ
ȷûճǿ˺ӵȻֶ˼ͷ­ֻ첲ֻǶܣõġ
һУδ£ʵܡ
Źӣÿ¡¡УȻ쳤Хһ
һΣͻΪһֻߴۿӥĿâ
һˣȹʮɾ룬Ю磬ճͷץ䡣
ʮ䶼óˡ
ã԰ڵԽ࣬űɽ͸ˡ
һ׷һӣսԽԽ󣬴ûľһƬǽ塣
ܾԽԽڵӻæܣսս
ӿսȫ˱Եı⣬ֻӮһأͷһڶ
Ľӥûе֣Ҳ룬һһ
һͱʮɸߣΰͬɽһ㡣
ڽһΣʹһ
ǹӾͱͥһִһ䣬ҡΣưѷǶؾҪá
ճ뵽ӻᷢû뵽Է
ӣӻΪԼĻɽأȻҰѱ
Էóءͷ۵ֶΣߴΰһǼʮԶһޱȣͲöԸˡ
öˣʦٲ֣ҾͻᱻƵ¶汾¡
ճҲ΢΢ЩǣֹţӦսеǷǣҪǺȫջ
ںӵĹȭͷ֮£ܵӷ񾪽жţֳһƬҡ
ΪճλΪһԼԼֵľʹ֮䡣
󵨣
һͻȻ𣬶֮зͣգɵ֦Ҷʯмȫڰգһ;ζס
һ죬ڽΪԭεڵϡ
޴󻯵ǷƤһѸСȴ˷أͬʱͷͨ
ͷһͼʦ֪ʱ㳡֮ϣ˹
ʲôҵĶɣ
գ˵˵ô£ΪʲôóֶͨΣ׷ͬʦ֣
ʦֻʦ֣һա
ӻعܱҳһŵľҲһæ͡
ҪǣԼԼ֪ʦԼı±¶ǰ
տ֮ǰǵأ𣬾ȫûһˡ
ʱʦɫ
óͨ²ҪȴǰѺڹʦͷϡ
ڣǸɵҲܿԼѧı£ʦֵȫͬ
ô˵ţ㲻Ҫ԰ڣ²Ҫչ¶ǰǻ㵹ãѧ죬ȻͬŶ֣ҫҪɱˣ
һܲԣæ¿ͷ֪ˣʦ𷣡
ʦɨһܣͼԼĽڵӣʱȫδ͵͵ĿеԶֱһۿԿ
̾һգҲ㣬߰ɣ
ʦȥӻûס
ȥɽȥɡ
ףԭǸߣһʦҶɽûб𡭡
ʦһҲҪʲôֻҪǻҪǣҵϾˡ
Įȥͻ绻һˣճȵһԿֱð
ӿûа취ֻðݱڵǡ
֨֨ȫŹֵĿԡ
û취ֻһͷģŶȥ
ԶԶģʦĻԺƾôǻף˵ҵͽܡ˵Ҿ֪Ƥﱹǣھ֮ٲ÷
Ӵ˸æʦһֻ֣˵Լһıա
뿪ʦ˻䣬ҪصĿ֮оûµӡ
࣬λʦͬʱһݵңʦҵȳ
˴ͷ˸硣
ʮæţͬʱ£ʦ´ͨ
űɣڵԭǲҵġ̼̫ܵҲûʲôù˼ɵˡ
֮Ҳڴֱ֮ңѧ汾¡
ô֪ʦͲ̣
Ӹոչ¶ı̫ˣҲ̫˴ѡ
ЩɽٵĶʮʮ꣬ʱѹ˰˾ʮꡣ
庮ţΪ
Ϊһͨ
ӲϽģû
ճȻҲװģĻڶβ
ʦӣĿһЩӣ˺һᣬҡҡͷᴫһɽϰգ˼ĪҪ̰ࡣǲѧֻɽȥɣ׳ǿٻ
Ҳ֪ǲΣºͣûжԺǰ㼲ɫ˼ȴס
Ҫǲܵġ
ҪôҪҪҪôֱɽɡ
⻰¾ʮλ㬵վӦҪˡ
ʮλĴʦڣȴûĬã˵µɽȥʦ
ҲգȻûѧʲô£Ա㹻ɽ֮󣬲ἰҵ䡭ȥɣҪ뿪ģȥҪǰʾ
ʦ˻֣лغȥˡ



1767 £
ڵߵͷٰݣת뿪
Ҳûʲôʰģû̫
ճҪ뿪ĵȺͷһʣµʮλӡ֪Щܻڻ룬ΪҲʦĿ飬ȹһЩʱգʹԼء
ÿ˵뷨һ߾
û뵽ǣĴӾȻȫҪߣûаɡ
λʦ֣ͬˡ
ʵȷѡ
Ǽɽһ꣬߰ʮ֮á
ôǶԴʦһ̷ֱ
ʦҪ汾£Ҳôˡ
ٴɽϣ£˷Ѿȫû塣
ǰûɽ뷨ֻΪǻɡ
ǲᣬǸж̱
պչ¶챾죬ȴǺݺݵĸһơ
ʲô鶼Ǽٵģ߰ʮĻΣһա

ո߳ɽţǰһ
ϰϰһƬƽʯɶѣ˥ݰݡ
һжʮλѾɽ⣬Ҳ֪ŲƵĸط
붴֮ļͬﶬҰ
תĹˣȴҲҲɽģɽ˽гֱ𣬳ʦԣӴ˲˵ʦܣҲἰʦ䡣Ҿʹ˷ֱ𣬸ǰ̰ɡ
á͵δʶ⻥֮˵©졣̾һ
ճų˿̫˷ʦֹ˹֣Ҫ뿪
һиԼԤвࡣ
ѧˣ޾յɽӴߺû֪Լ˭Ƿ
ҪǣʦҲ֪ĲǣڵӣҪһӵϵ
ȵ˳ɽ֮󣬷ɽŻˡ
ճϸϸӦ֮£Ҳûзֱ˿ӵĸо
ɣɽǶܿܣŲƵ֪Ƭȥˡ
пܣЩӶǱʦŲƷţӳ˲֪ǧԶ
ǲλٻͷ
ѹ֣պҪҵɽȴôҲҲؾûй̶λɽŶûС뿪ȥֻʦһ֮䡣
ʦֵڻУϾһҲ꣬ҲЩ顣
ճȡɽƣС
ʦ̵һʽƣҲѧˡ
ϲзͷƣоʮֲϰߣҲ̫Ӱ
ԣѧһ̣ݸĽ
鶴֮зԴ֮ȵķ֣ŷзʵԭһҪŸͷǰС
İǿھ֮֮
֮ʱһƽӵضƶ䶼Ǳġ
ַзţżصġݵؽⷨݼΪƣӦʦΪ˷ϺӵϰԣϹŵֱӶָ˸ƣˡ
ԭˣһóûܿóףȻȫħİĴ·ͷۡƣʮ䡢ȻɫĶɣƵĹ㱻˿ˣҲ²˭ͽܣֻܲ²ţܴȱ£Ӧѵõĸˡ
ܴµҲˣȻЩ棬㶯ֽţȻ
һģ֮Ҳ޼һǴ֮ʿ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôЩɼ˺ӶٻһЩӡ
ＫΪӣҲҵڮ٣ԭԭ
ڷɽ֮ʱʮݵؽⷨԼתҶ÷ſֽȥڡѰһطúһѧȻȥɽһˡȻ񱩣ȴ졣칬֮ʱҵĻԵڡ
ʱ¡¡ĽŲһӰյķٿҲ΢΢

һڶС
գң
Զ˵λʦȫתͷʧС
һ۾ͼһʮɸߵë׹ıܹ˫أһһӡž޴ӣӭһΣǵش
ұʦϳɽţ
ͷ׹ֱ䣬͸ź⣬һ䣬һ㡣
һﾹȻû뿪һֱ
ܿвʣһԵʦת⡣ճһ˳˵棬ŭͷ𣬶򵨱˳Ϯ
úܼ򵥣αڷɽ֮Уû˿Դ赲Լʹͨûʧֵĵ
棬ܿճͬһ㣬ճԭءҵľΪϸϸ˿ߡ굽棬ͬʱ
׶ĺӣսѵҶǰó˶÷ءȴǳȫɱᡣ
ճոջ룬ʲôʱȥɽմһºӵıˣ㻢ˣԷˡ
Ю磬ͷ䣬׺ޱȡ
ճ̧ͷţ¶Ц
ǰڷɽУΪʦԼʵ죬ʵԪ񣬱׷Ŵʹһ
ʱӲĵɱ֣ﻹ̵ס
һΣϽһͱɶʮɸߵľˡ
߳⣬ϸ·Ƥ֮תš
˫ն
αǵͬʱճͺһһŰ壬ɽϣбն
䡭
ը죬֮䣬Ƿڽһնõɶмһڡ
Σɣ˫۲ĸ߸̧¶ظĴƬë
͵Ϯң
ճתȫ֮ӻҪռţϾӴʱҲֻת۷
ȼһΪʯ̥Ҳվǲһ
նúӵɣճûͣ֡΢΢һţƬʮɵ³ǰһ֣Ѹ֮ƺն
ꡭ
Ѫ٣䡣
һУŵڰоͻΪһֻȸ
ӶҪˣæߡ
˿һնںظ֮䣬ѶԷնأܿˡ
ݿ࣬˴Ƭ
ԺּǿҲܲס˫ķɽն
ҲֲֻǴһоܡ
ӣٽһ
ճĮ֪ת֮󣬼ǿˣѴ˳ֺ顣
ҲҪӰźá
Ҳ仯ʮû죬ӱȱ仯û˼
ֻǰвƽһףһ
ǽƥӿһ⣬նڻȸϡ
ȸһһֻ򱻽ն䡣
ԭسһŽ⣬ӱԭֻͷһۣһԾ
нâһӰ٣֪ȥ˶
ƬƮƮ£䵽һͱһֻӸ첲ȴǸոձնˡ
ߵÿ졣
⶯˻ճЦһҲȥ׷
ʵϣӵĽƶ˳һͷʮǧԼݵؽⷨû죬ϡ
οҲûɱӣָɶʱء



1768 Ǿ㣨ϣ
ӹ˲ֱ۱նϣһɾ޴Σ֪ٲ֮ܺܿء
ĸӦһν֣֪ΪΣɱɭɭǰ漸νȫһ
⵹ҲˣֲûҲûɱԼ
ؼǣոѧ죬־ʱΪԳͷһڶȴû뵽ܵøҡ
Ƕ֮ʱԭ㻹Ҵţ̫ˣʦı°ɣ׾ţ
кڳ͵ϮʹҲľһ˳ȥ
𴦣ʮǧͲ֪ʲôط
⣬ģ¶׷ɱڰն˼ͷԼҲ֪ηˡųһͷһ߷֮ϡ
ͷһԼظ޴˴йͺͺۣӲ
ƺѺתǵһ˵֮أˡ
ƣһӾ͸о⴦ɽǺХƲơ֪̾ᡣ
ƽԣ϶˵ҫһ˿ȴǾȥ֡
ֻǵת
ֱ۶Ͽڴѿһʱһֱۡ
ظ˿Ҳֺϡ
ֻ˿ڴɱ⣬Ҫһʱ佫ϡ
˳𲻱գ
ҧгݵķһݣһҪ⡣
ôǿʦ⾳֤óﵽ۷塣ټͽٲĥôܱһնˣ
ңó棬ҲᷨͨǲҲʮϤѧһģһۼ磬Ȼ֮ϡ
ѵʦҲ£Ȼһڷ綼û©
ʦʦĺݾ飬λʦֵԶĮ
ЩˣЩŭ
ʱȫ壬ƺתԭһᣬ̾һ̽ͷ˿λɫŷطеϤ
ףⲻǶʤǻɽﴦĦ룬ҾȻˡ
ҲǱʶиӦܵʱﻹǹԼĺӺͷһоȻ˻ɽ
ɾɻ֮ԪӦ
뵽ĺӺʱȴŭɵһϲ
ԭһ͵˻ɽؽ硣
ֻ㣬ĿȥһƬдڡ
һɽء
Ӱͷ䵽ɽϣ·롣ֻúԳ䣬⣬Գ䱯顣
һǣһˡ
һȫɽ
ֻʯߣУľС֮ǧǧ򣬸вѡ
Щߵͷеÿģôһȥã
ֶǻħ׽ȥɱֵܣˮԱȫ
ոոܴأбƣԣðɣҪǣȥȥͻء
˵꣬˸׼λһݣҵĿĵء
ͷһֻɽСֽ죬һ׶ħռɽΪ
Ҳֱ˽ȥ
һһɱ̫һϰǧë𶯡ְһëһͻΪٸС
ոǿֱɱɽѪ

ճź٣֪Է϶ǻȥɽռɽΪֵظ
ȻаȥͥһССġ
Ϊ·칬ҿսĻ
Щ飬ȴҪһЩͷһϷ
֣ܾĥ಻ԡ
ԼҪգеõôΪȴǲѧźߵ͵͵ƣ͵¡
ԣҲӵ٣ҸȫطסԪϰ
ҪȰݵؽʮɷ仯¯ࡣ
Ǳı£
ճа㣬ͨԱ߶ʮλɽʦͬһ˵
ǾλʦҲİȫʶˡ
ճǺһЦҲԼΪʲôǿֻͨ˹֣һڡ
һ⾭ʧççƺ֮С
һ·򶫡

ֶΣǶϵˡȡ伫һţеȫǺڡ
ȫãȻô£ô£ôҲ壬óͨΪȻջҪߡûɽ֮ǰΪҪһֱڣʱ¶ѵڷǣ
ҡȣ̾Ƿǰڷʦʦ˵òȷȡֶθԶԶ
۽лûͨƽ͵ܷѧͨ£ҪΪʦһԵΡ˵ò࣬Ҳֻ࣬ǹؼǷյĲ֮Ӷ֪ʦƫĴ
ΪʲôҪҴ¶ʲôôͬѧ洫󷨣ʵԶҵȣ͵͵Ų𣿡ǲ⣬ȫĽʣɻ
ȫ˹Ҳ˲⣬ʱҪŪôһ¡
ʦƱҺ֪޲ԣҲµûʦӦ͵ѧġ
䡭
𶯡
ʦС̵ʦܵı£־Ŀڶܷϰԡʦȴǻȡ͵洫󷨣ѧ֮±ʦ⣬ɽ뿪ϸĽ͵
ˣɽԳһ磬ʦУҪ޶˶뿪ʵ̫עĿԾͽҴ£ҵһʱɥȻɽ
մ͵ϮƳ汾ȫڹˣ
λʦôһ£ȫдڡ
Ǻ뿪ɽǺôԼûҪ͵ѧû֡
ûлɹʦҲûж෽Ŭ˳Ȼ
һѧ汾£Ҳֲñˡ
䣬һأɽԽ룬ɢ˷



1769 Ǿ㣨£
ճһ·򶫣ؽ⣬Ϊһ͸Ĺ˿Ӳ֮ӹ
У˵ҲһϺõķɶݷٶȿȡ
һǽĺûһȻԪǿˡ
Ԫﵽɶ壬ӵеĽҲǴСɽƣٶȼ졣
һ·Զݣʱ䣬ѷԽ߰
˵ٶȾԲɽ֮зУҪϲ֪ٱ
⻹Ϊ˷Ԫ̫ǿ̫󣬷мѰٱ¡
ǣҲ±ȽϣӵĽƣճԴݵؽⷨоˡ
սԪˣȫûбȽϵļֵ
ѹֺպôѧĹͨһǶɫ벻ҲѰ
Զɽĵطճ΢΢Ϣ佣⡣
ĿԶһƬޱ޼ʵĲԭӵһƬƽб֮У׳Ϣ΢档
ҪǣŸʽ˺˻ò֡
֮ͣ½⣬Ϊһ·ǧ̵ľҲռɽΪ֣Ĵʳҡ
ѵõļûʲôĵطﵱȻ
룬ӦѾ뿪ţ޵˵ʤ޵ؽҪһЩҲٵֵزѵʲôԵʣ
ճЩƣҲ룬룬ͽ䵽һƵĴɽ
ɽնһ־סĺõط
ʶɢȴûиӦʲô
߷죬Ұ˻ƴɱﾺڡ
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ͷϴŵ٣ų׻Ϊһˡ
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һе֮ʿ
ճһԼ󣬷ûа󣬲Ű
ʦºʲôԣҲҵԼˡ
Ԫɾ۷֮һҪתΪǸһΣ˷࣬ûһ
鱦壬ѹ˹¡
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οþת˷ܵסӡ
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ɽ֮ϣžʯʣԱɲ죬ɫݡ
ճһϢһ߲ݵؽⷨ
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һԾʽ΢ıһ֮ʱĺ࣬Ϳˡ
ﲻĿġйҪ
ת֮ʹݵؽⷨı⡣
һѹˮǧɽ
Ƕ֮ʱճ鶴֮ȫֻǲ޹˼ɵϰаҲò
ʱ˿Уֻǻ˴ʱͲȫա
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ڣʧȥԼǰӰãһ֪Զ
ϲã̤ɽӾڽ£һʱĻ㳩
Ҳôһ̤ǧԭʮǧָֻܶԶʵϻҪ˾磬ڷľȡء
ճ֣ͨȷʵҲֻ·ս
ոֻ̤߰˲ѾԼʮ֮һķ
Ĳܲ˵óͨò˶ãͻᷨľ
ɾ֮ʱãòҪķ
һʮǧ̫ˡ
һһʮ֧־һ㡣
֮˵սΪⲽҲЩŹ֡
Լյȣͨһ񽵣һ档
һ棬ֻ׼һŷλܾͨȷĿꡣ
Ҳ⡣
ݵؽ֮ⷨʱ̽ܺԶֻ̽ʮ﷽Բ
㶼֪ǰʲôطֱӴȥ϶ƫ
ˣ֮Ųơ̾ԵУ书̤ҪһЩʡʡٿ
ճϤͨúõһȷó֮󣬾ҪصƬԭɽ룬ȥʮɷ䡣
ﻷɽľ෱ࡣ
ǳ滢񣬿Ϊ仯زġ
ֻоþϸĶֲΩΩФѷ֡
Ҫûִšɽܵģע⡣
һճӰ³ڲԭϡ
ӭϰϰ磬תͷȥͼԼۿɽԶʮ
ƫһ㡣һ̤ɽȥо

ճڴҲͳǧʱһͷֱˡ
С޺ȻԶƽϳһĺˡ
ճһͣ½Ųͼǰܵ߰ǲԭˡǸĿ彡˶ǧ׷ϵһ㣬ɫſӡ
۵ٽɫסͷϲľʿӵһͷļһ
еĻͷϺеľпӡ
һļʸѹѹ
һƬƬ¡
Щԭĺ棬һŻɫ¼׵նɱ׷
ճ۹
Щͷ¼һ֡
䡭
;֮أƽȺ̾տ˵ࡣ
ŮұܣѰƥ
˺һЩб
⻰ճӦǲԭϵķԡ
ҲöģʱʱһЩϲţȥˣǵþˣ
ͥˣҲˡ
ȥճ΢΢һ㶡
ðɣǺǾһսǶԸū֮ս
Ǹ׷֮Уɱڵཫû´ĻӦþǺĻȥˡ
ճȺ飬һЩʷˣЩ˽ġ
ﾹȻҲкǲǻ
ճԺһЩֵͷཫһȡ
ɱ
ҰеͻȻһ죬ܻ糱һɢȥΪϰٹ㡣
ХУÿһ㶼һײԭ
һƬҽ
ðɣⲻĺġ
ճӦһ־ȻȺܡǵ幥²ܴﵽڵ


1770 ѾȸĹϣ
ּ֮󣬺Ĵʿڿʼɱ
ȥһȣǹţһ֮ڡ
ǹ٣ͬһ㣬ѵǰĵѹ顣
ǧس̣ϡ
ūһԭ߰ǧҲûз֮ǣںʿո֮£˵ӡٱȥΪУɱöס
֮ŮǾӻһɨƽ
ֶο湻ҵģʷƺйأֶʮǿӲǺʱԶūĮóױ١
ԺūûлָԪԺľĻ־塣
Щһԭ֣ͻսսҽս
ճվԶϢһƽͨա
ǰ¡¡ɱңҲûע⵽ԣ˼ۺʿūսǿ
˾ӴռϷ磬ڴɱ˵ʮΪȴҲʲôԡ
֮Ľս伫ûʲô˵ġ
վڴ˴Ŵ˾һּ֤ʷĸоһĪ
ЩֽӢôĵǰ
ʷһ澵ӣѭſɸĹ¡
ʱͿռȴһԹ
ߵĸ磬һʱΡϣܻһЩʶĳڷת
ϧҵľ绹ܹʱհأ̤ʱ䳤ӣκһʱƬ֮С֤±Ǩ
ȻҪǣҲֻеǸʱ򣬲ں̺ĴС֮Уҵʱ·ҵλáЩֵϧˡ

ǰѪ׷ɡ
ʿճҲǺܹģֻЩмԱｫı졣
ȥߣмλǿǿᡣ֮£һ籼ڵĿһ㣬赲
ЩӵĽͥʿҲм뺷ļһϾֱ峤աѪ֮ϣսӰѪ
˫ײҰѺɱҲڸסˡ
ǿĵȻǻȥ
ԾǹǹдŻ⡣۶ļУǹ¶ֽһ㡣
һǹɨһͬ𡭡
ٶȼ죬ҲǼǿ
ʽһŷӳ֡ϸ֮ճͷλ󺺹ھõʵǴ
Уõֻʵʵʽ
ֻףԣı֮ʱϡԪ
֮е֮·Щơ
Ƚϣžͻʥɽ׶ˮƽ
ȺҪһЩʥȴǲˡ
ǣôǿʵôӢأʲôκε
ʷôдλھֻǶʮͲˣһƺңڷǾһս֮󲻾á
仰˵λ͵һͿ꺺ˡ
˵ĻȥʷϻͬҲԡôԺƳ
û񣬾ûСһĪ𡯵ĶԾˣس֮ʱֻʲôĹ⾰
ôû˲֣Ǹ磬ǵ磬ƽ͹켣ʵ̫仯
ֻּƱֳ
ȥȻᲡͲ֪ʲôˡ
뵽ճͷֳ˱仯
ҪˣѾ˾ݽĵ򣬿óɴʦȾСɱ˻ȥ
һ˻ƼɤӺȴͷڣָߴĺӡ
ŵһƥĸͷ֮ϣŵɤӶ
ǰĺɱճ֪ʲôū߱ڶࡣ
ȥһֱ׷ɱѾԭ֣ǹ¡
ܷӿȫסһŻɨ
Ǳ׷üˣҽͷѵʲô֣ݽʲô˼⻰ƺԭǱʲô磬ò
ճûͨ͸ͼǸһֱ̫۵ĿͷȻͷ
ɭɭֻ۾ݳڿצһ˫Ȼһץл۳
һֽУͷ˫һӣǰһɫ硣
ʦɷ
߸ոն֣ȥӦҲǼ죬һӦס
һųɵĹâǧʿһͬʱۼѪߺɱ
Ѫ죬ĻҺոɣѪһ𣬾Ѿƻ
ϵĿͷۡһѪֻ۾ҲѪˮ
ȻһЦͷ̫̾ǿѾˣܾһͰ㱨ɡ
˵꣬ݺһҧҧ飬дʡ
һȺѪķԹλӰһ㣬ֱ˻ȥϡ
ǴѪɷâƶԴ˺赲
ȥɫһ䣬гṇ̀ͱӰ
ǹӰ֣ӭѪ÷顣
Ĵ˸Ӧһ£ûʲôסǱ䣬аεҺΣɱ
һ䣬ǰ𴦣һǹâɨͷϣ˴նء
䣡
ɴʦ
ǻһУʧȥ˶־ܵ˼Ҳûˡֻǻͷߵľʿ˴Χ



1771 ѾȸĹ£
ⳡսѵʱ䲢ãոճճǰֽܿ
ͳƲʲôսһɱΪ淴Ȳ̫ǿ
ʿ佫ȫϲնɱݵҰвԭȫϳһͷ­
һξǴȫʤ
ǣճǵȷʤߣȫʤȴδء
ǱΪɴʦʦʵȻúܸߣΪҲֻ׺ңǣķȴǹúܡ
ܹѪΪǣ֮ʱԹɷ硣
ңʩչ֮ĥԪ
ʹֶΪжͣǺΣյһ
ֻķǺܴˣȴǲֵһᡣͬľ֮£Իȥ֣ȴһжûס
ȥܲԷķֻʿ󿹺⣬޾ɫճԭΪܷסԷû뵽Ȼ´ˡ
ԹɷĹȷǿսסˣǺ֮ȴǳ˽ʵ
ǹȷҲۻ롭ǣѪʣͲȫס
ʱȻʲôߣҪ˶ã¾ͻȫɢ
ǿᣬԪסѪ࣬Ҳֻӻɢʱ䡣
ʱ䣬£һꡣ
ɫбѾƽ£ĺڽʿǵϡѪ˱Уżֲп׳
ʿӪ̣ȥһһ˵ʿ䡣
ȥƺЩƣȴЦݡ
һսԭū׽ȸ߲㣬ӴūѳΪв
֮꣬ѫΪˣҲ㡣
ճһᣬ룬̧Ӫȥ
ڶԺӢͣбҪһΡ
ҪΪȥѪ䡣
Ľ۱Σճżġ
ʷӴ˸ı䣬ҲһЩЧӦʲôϵأ
վס
ճûߵӪǰһȡ˷ͳʿ䣬ǹ٣ңԼ
ҲѹֻỤ̄ǾӪΧפŴʿ䡣ǣ޶˶˵ȴһŵ۱ĵߵ˽Ӫǰһ֮£ͬСɡ
ߺˣ
һ꽫ֳֳӪʣʮ־ճʮأӦǿճĲ֮
ʱ򣬾ȫûмʶҲ֪˲֮
Ϳһ˫۾ȴǺ̶ݳºֻͣһۿ˹㲻
Щ˾ʲôǿƣƾʣ˲ӡ
ͻȻֵˣһֵװǸ˶Ϊӣλߣ̫߹ˡ
ǣϢĳӪ
˲޶⣬ǰһսչʵüҪһ֮
ʿû뵽Į֮أܼװŪһõķʿɱۡ
ȥ˳ϼϵѪδϴɾɱڵ˵
ճüͷ壬΢΢ȻСӲǳǹҩɣԼˣȴ
תһ룬ʱǺʱڣټҡо֮ҲӦʧˡ
ʿȻʱоɵĿѧңسʱھ⵽ɱʱҲΪɻ䡣
ȥԷʿʮַУճ֪ʲôԭ
пΪ佫رԱس˵ɵķʿ̬ȣҲͲˡ
ҲǷʿ˵ǵʿǲʲôˡո˲ԭʦѪ䣬ӣܾ㡣ȥѵõһƬġʧʱҪˡ
ȥһ˿ЩʿóߵڰףˡҴǿս˲ɽǲԭʦʬδ㾹Ȼ
ɫɱȻȡ䳤ŹҴҴӪΣǺôĵӡ
δ˵꣬һ죬֮
һֱճؿڣȥ硣
ѾȸĹǼ治
ճɫ鵭Į̾ϢֻһϮķɷĩƮƮ档

Χŵʿ䣬
мλָһУʿ֮£¡
ԭؽһ°µ۵ӰȻӰ١
ɡ
һƬš

ȥݴͣǵĳŪϣȴȫ𾪡
ͻȻһƬ죬۾һ㵹

𾪺
УҡģȥתɫѾЩҰ֮ɫ
ֻоΪƣֱúõ˯ҹǿŴ˵û£ֻǰս͸֧ȼϣʦس
Ƿʿԣ
Ǽ٣ֻҪǽݽ磬ʲôãᡣȥն˵
ŵ
Ӧ

ʷԣҪı͵û
Ȼ˲飬νȥ˵ƨˡ
ճվڸ֮ϣʧһЦԼѧݵؽⷨһʵҲǾ춯ˡȴ㣬ü˼Ԫ
ûΪҲû鵤ɹ̽Լľ̫ˡ
ȥɽʱպӵĶ򣬿ܷռˣ


1772 ĺǧɽԹϣ
ճϲı󶯣һ·Ȼǳû¸ɡ
ɽĴУҲһֱܵʤݣܵԭؽ
ɣʵΪ
ȻֱΪֹһж˳ѧĲѧĶѾѧˡȴʥҪǿһЩ
鲻ֻ£ÿδ
ԼѾҪףȴʣ߳ɡ
ʱ֮ڣԤõԼΪͣٲǰӻȻͻͽ
ԼֱȻ
ճһЩΣУҲһЩȡ
ԺǰʥǱĲˣԼˮƽֻü
һСģǵĳЩͷϣʮ
ѹж
ճţԭһۣܷҵʲôᣬռˡ
ǵģŹʼʩ
˹Ԫ˾ˣҲǷͬСɰɡ
ȼܵ͵磬˷ȫͬܲ£һʣԼ϶Գһӡ
Ͼ˷ͥ˴ڣ˼䶫ȻҲ˷顣
úãʵȴôһ¡
ȥ֮ʱ˰ء
ȻƵʢġϣʱ
һǿʢǲܴжȡ˵ģ˼֮ʱǴеңսܻܿܵɣ͵ʴס
ʷûʱҰ̫󣬴Ӷ֮ء
ӣʵ̫ࡣճһõİΪǧЦ
ԣϢ˼
룬϶Уܵȥɡ
ô˵ԭأԼĹȻͬһ֮С

뿪˲ԭսճ̲סͷһۣҡҷϣ΢΢̾Ϣһ
ʷҵ˵ܵ˵ճ޴սûжԴ֮֡
Щ˵Ĺ޻˵ȥһ
һսΪգΪսƾսȡʤһ㣬ճЩ
ô棬ճϾǴӷ֮𣬶ԼǸǺͬеġ
ԣλǧŵĹھ£Ҫְһѡ
ֻһźû֮ġ
˵˾ű£ΪԼ͵ĳ˸컻
Լµĵ͵ԭġĳЩǣģܵ˹ע˵г֣ı˱˵Ȼºۼ
עȻôãճֵá
Ը־ˣҲǳԱġ
Իȥ˵Ȿһ¡
ճȴû뵽ԱͽˡԵʿ˵ӡ
ϸһ룬ȥҲû
սոɱȷѪ꣬²֮̾ɷʿ
ܵñܼһʲô
˵еɷʿģͲβʱǴԤԣ˸ĳ
׼ȷ˵Ȱ췴ƭ˵Գ
սĽĵʲôս֮⣬ύˣʵһ֡
뷽ʿʦύһʵ۶УȥпҲ˵塣
壬ܲס˻˵
ԣȥ⣬Ǽ⡣ɴ಻ȥֱճΣǷһƬġֱӷˣڳԣһ³ıݡ
ûʶԼǰ£˲Ϣ֮ľ
ճ˵λǲǼѣ̬ĲԼһԷ̬ȲƣͲٳ־ˡ
˶㲻ˣ㻹Ƥҽˣ¶ûµĵɵ滹ҪҪ
ƣԵ±£ֱԹ·ȥ飬Ҳ̸϶ԹƼˮ꣬һѡ
Ҳûȥ̾һͷߡ
ЩźҲֻܳΪźˡ
ƣ˸
ճݵؽ֮ⷨ󣬷ɶƵᣬټΣǲעĿ
һʱ䣬ǰɽ뽥ܼγһ뻷ΣԼԼܼ޴۹ء
ͷִìʿ䣬ǵԭؽˡ
ת䣬ճͻȻһ٣ʮֳء
һǿѹӿͷķԪһ¾ͱգͻȻɢ䲻͵ա
ô£ˣǰƺ˵ˣԭ֮ϣžݽ磬òȴû뵽ͨҲѹˡǺôֱʡ
ͬʯһڵϣ۵һ졭ճ˫Ųܵÿѡ
ҵ̫ǿᣬһͨˣϵ䣬»ˤࡣ
һ£ճ̧ͷա
ڸӦ֮Уƺһ־޴ţɽƬطֳƬ
ķ֣ԭؽ磬ͬһ޴֮С
ӷԪ굽ȫѹơ
ѹȻºͣˣȴ޿ɿܡ
ճʱתɾ磬Ҳûаֵ
ճֻǲţݽϹΪ˻·ķơɷ𣬸赲ħ
ҲȻĻƽ˼ңԸɽĴħǺ޻֮ء
ҪĳЩǳ֮У̻´ң˻ʴҲͲ˵ˡ
Ȼˡ
˵һաһʱϵĴλᵼԮȲʱ
˵ЩˣÿæԼӣô˼䣿
ɣǸ߸ϵĳߣǷˣǻ
ݽ磬żشˡ
ڽ֮Уıʣıûн͡ǣʩչͨҲƣʵƵ¡Ҳ˵ص˼Ͻ֮أɼ
Ҳãѹ֮£·ħҲпܱնɱԣħͶ



1773 ĺǧɽԹ£
֮ڣճһ־޴ĲȫУ룬Щòӵħðա
ȻѹҲֻԵġ
ճȻòɼķȴһЩͬ
תתıʣǿᣬѹ£Ҳż޴ơ
Ҫݺ£ƾɴķ֡
ڷ֮УɱΣҲ͵ԲƵĵز
뵽ճҡҡͷĵԼˡ
תּƷģϵҲûм϶ڸλ֮ܵС
ܵ˼䵷ңַӾͿֿܻ
⣬ʵҲûʲôµġ
ǿ˷ָٴһ£ûƵ۴ôܿ䡣
ʷ֤Ҳܺ޼ɡ
ɾ͹ҵߣͲƶֻ˳ˮۣһ߳ɹܡ
Ӧճϣֻܲע⣬ڲ԰һеʱ򣬵СĴ¡
ʢܴ֣ô´ңأǲǾͿԻȡˣ
룬ճ΢΢ǴЦٿһݱ֮ͷߡ
Ҫջ񣬴ʱҲʱ
ٵһȡ

˾ݽ磬ճϷһ͵˶֮ϡ
ԲççĲξˣ˷ɱ
ˮǸ˾ְ
ԵһЩ
ûô
һҵʣйأҲйء
Ӷƽ͵ʿԿóԸºͣƢ
˵УС£˵٣ҲɱսӶֵͣúܲ
Ҳţ޴̫йأȴΪԸ䱩ҵԵʡ
ڵµıȫ뺷úܡ
ǰвԶճǰһ͵һ׳ڡ
ɽɽƣ
ˮۣ
¹ʯ塣¹ɺס滨лɴس
ǻɽˣӺø
ճ̾һͷһɽ֮ϣ͵͵Σ塣
ȻͼĴǺӺЦţϲ
һЩĸߴĺӣƽ֮ȡ˱ƣϰ塣
һͷĺֵڸ̨ʯ֮ϣڹƣңòܡ
󣬻ֻĸ̷ţҡȣЦѸ̵øһ㡣
һգȻѾˡ
ճһĻûסЦ
ںΪʲôֽãûһƣճһҲ֡
ת˵ָֻҪսЩƣ֮Ϳȫת
⻹ΪԵͣ޵߰תϵ»ûٷ˺ˡ
ｫŵǹ롣
ι״֣Ӹɽϵûɽݼ
Щǡ桢䡢⯡䡢ꡢⵡʨ⥡ɡܡ¹Ұɽţƶᡭ
ЩָԴ£̧ƷŽģŲ죬ţĴʲÿ׹ʱî
иڵģɳӾӣһ
һȲ
޴ɽ֮ϣķɱ졣һɽͰǡ
ѹֺӺҰԺʥһΪǲ֪ߵغġԭǺ޸סƾʮɽһˡ򣬸콫̡
гɣʵǿ֮ԵȻҲ͡
ټûʲô˼¹ֻǷԼãʲôȥ
˲Ǿʹ
ˣȱʳ٣ڸʤ
ɽİͻɽʮ֣Ϳ಻ˡ
˭ϲͷ϶һүǡ
Ҳû취飬ӱ´󣬲Ҳ÷
ճԹһ󣬼ӻæžӪҲȥ棬öԷԼ
Żɽﴦһɽ壬ͣפٶ
𷽴ɽȻ࣬ȴҪǿࡣ
Զϣˮļֱ󺣡
ճӭĥԪ
ڷɽѧ٣ȴһֱ͵͵ԲҲúܿ졣
ʱ˿Уȥ˹˼ɣճһԪһˣǿȡ
תһһεķٽš
ԪҲֻһţͻɣֱ﴿ɾ硣
һգճչв쿴ɽ
ѪͻȻһָǰһˮͼɽһӹգֱ붫֮С
Ҫȥˣʱ䣬ǶӦý֡
ճҲЩС
˶ţ˵Ǻ˵Щ˽Ŷ֮ӡⶫȻãȴá
Ϊı֮лкöղײգҲȥø˳
žתĽͬûֹճƽһƲһ㣬ȫӲơ
ƽ˴òñû𣬵ЩƴĻЩԿ
˼ҵϣƾӺܶ๥
Լỵ́ţƴ֮ʱҲ졣
ԣҲԻһٲ˷
۳źһˮѺˮֱֿ
ճϽһֱˮΪһβϸС㣬Ϣ׺


1774 ̫ϣ
ճһ·ǱΣȻͼǰһƬâ
Զ߲ʻ뵣ݱأƴĹȺͬȺɽһ㣬ׯϻ
һȥԼȺŮʹ̣ﲻ֮ŻЦ
ˮĵطһݰ˼Ĵȫǽ̳ɡ
ľͳһſֱֳҹ档
ѲҹˣȻ׶
ճһתʩһ
û뵽Ȼ˹ųݡˣȴЩźˡ
̫ӵˮҪǿ̫࡭
СճﰵЦǼһߣҲһġ
Ǳ䵽ԶڣҲǰŹ׶ѹһ̫Ħ۾۾ӲǱӡ
ھʹ˵ܿƽ⡣
ηʥãصأҷ
һˮýͬʯ콵һ㣬¡¡ڴ֮ϡֱý飬Ѵ˺ôһأ¾ע
һľ޴׶ҹͷš
ѲϱʣٴС
ʵϢ̫ǿˣһͲǺǵġ
صɽ֮󣬳ٱȨƣȴҲû¹Ρ
ں֧֮£תѾͻת
̶ʱ֮ڣճˮƽЩ
ճʵȻǿǵչ¶ǰСţ򲻵Ѿ¶˵ơȴȫû뷨
һҫӣʱȫɢ⣬֮ʥ
Ѳҹʻëһը׵˻ɽʥգĽڣȥ
ҹһﾪɪɪһ
Ҳ֪Ǽ٣ֻоԷ׹䣬Ҫһ㣬ǿ֮
úܣٲҵæ
ճһúЦӾһţƵġ
ҲȫǴΪ
ĺӣôģճʵôҲȥӲ²⡣
ΪʲôԵľٶ
էոѧ챾죬һʱ֮䣬ͻشǳ̬һ˻ˡ
ɽһսȻһչûܵʲôʵԵˡ
ټϽʱʵͻͽΪĳλٷԼҵֿ֣ʼˡ
ճģʵǶ
ӱֻ˺ܶһʱ䣬ճһ࣬ͼһӡϺзǰӭӡ

Ц룬ӲУһȺĳ佫ȫɫŹ֡
ҲһЩɫȴû˭ҳţļҽȻ
٣ڳʱ
֪ɼʱõʲôʵ
㲻ʵ
Գһ֮塣ݶػɽκûڣжһ
Ӹ봵Լʦߣһ䡣ƺѣ˵Լı£˵ˡ
ض𣿡йâһƺһЩʲôҲʡ
ɽؽ붫Զӳ֮ʱϼ죬ͥв׵ġ
ڣһЩѴϸϸ֪ء
ʱԷţҲһ㡣
ӱԶ⣬ʹԴȣȴ
ճα仯ΪһϸСҶճһԱ¼֮ϣţȴЩʡ
ӭӵҲˣϾԷҲǺͷʵǿ
ºǫЩԾˡ
Ϊĺ֮ףңΪ̨ͥǿżǿΪ
һȽĿˣΪһ˲ԷʵЩݡ
˵ˣЩģʽ
ƺϷ
ΪճӦⶫΪ˵ôľԼ
սβ֪Ϊ۷壬пǽɾ硣
֮ڻλɼ֣šة࣬һģ壬Ҳ֪ǲ̫ӡ
ûнܵ˼
⼸λ֮⣬ʮλɼ֣Ϣǿء
ӦһЩ󽫡
ôǿʵһº½غ¸ʲô
Ҫ֪ӴʱûдʲôսʱµʥֻһҰ
˾һһǧ˰Ѻ⽭
ֻͷӴ̧һ󵶳ǵڳģϢ̹ǡ
һЦǺǵĽܡ
һǺڵͣ¾ûϡֱͷҡø˹ƵģҪﲻʹһһ
ЦǺǵģҲ˻֣ԱϺ̧һŹɲĵĹâʮۡ
ĿһһЩȤһԾ˳УץŹɲ棬һˣХס
⾢һھʮˮ屻õɶоͰճҶ¼׵һԱԽ
ȫɫ䣬һۡĵѹԳӭӻһñ¡
̫ᣬ̫ˣ֣ܲٻһӰѲһӣॵڵϣ
üһЦʵɣŹɲشǧٽΪ꺮ɣܿˮɽ
̫ˣ֡հ˰֣۰Ͱ͵ſڣȻǵһ
ʹһɫԱ󽫳ð뿪ţ̧ܿһ
ģͿó˱ˡ
Ц˱оꪣ֮ʱսķ֮ԣΪˮᾧƣǧٽܼ䲻֮ٲ⣬Ҳûıˡ



1775 ̫£
ճһţϸϸ۲Ű飬öԷƺѷ컭ȥЩ֡
ʵѵõıˮᾧҲ˵Ŀ
չˮĥѪ⡢¹ˮʴԪǡǹˮ̽ʶ
Ҫˮһ֮ϵһһҩ
ֳִ˱֣ȷԲ𣬻ָǿ
һ˵ˣܴѪ⵽Ԫ飬ȫݻ١ͳ־սòС
ҫꪻƳȳȣƣ֮ꪸţ·ʱԻ߹ϵΡ
һϲҲٶ˵һ̵Уù⻪䣬ƽ𲨡
һ΢΢һƽϢ뿪˵
ͻȻϼɣˮƬˮҲ΢΢ҡΣ̵䡣
ʽ΢üͷһеľꪣίʵЩԾϣֻǵϧһЩһͺˡ
˵䣬ͻȻϼ⣬һϲѷ컭£ʵǺαǱơ
һȥ
̾һߵŶһֹۣ䣬͵·
ӱıԱߣԽԽ˷ܡ߲ʱͼһ޴ںУͷ𹿣мһųϼɡ
һ˹ȥӿУ˾٣üЦ
ñҪСһһãʹá
һ䣬Ǳƺһ㣬̾Ͷ˼ߣϸ˼Χ
Уͷһƣ֣𹿰һǧٽ
֪ΪΣرϲԵõͲˣ
о˿ΣϺзͷ˶ɫ
æе֣֣ͣͣĪҵˮˣɽɡ
ˣɻ˵㶫
ʲô
ֻбû¼ף˵硣
ŰвҪսѥ
ûа취ŸֵŪӻƽסϽڡź˿ģ͸ӣԷſϰݡ
ź˸߲ҵȥЦһվ˻֣ȫ¡
ճûйۿ䣬¼ΪһβС㣬Աֵ̧Ľ档
䲻ע⣬ͰѾУӽ鶴֮Сһ۷ԭأƭ˼Ŀ
Щһʱ֮䣬ֱܷʧԡ
ûкôֵ񾭣ߵĶһϴģ档
׼뿪ͼȫأϾŭɫ
ֻϹһֹģ
սһԷԭˣȻвһջ֮ӡҲ֪ΪΣ£ûСҵȡ
ףѵ飿
ճͣ½Ųȴǲæ뿪ˡ
ϹӦҲ׶ôģԼȥʡ
һУҫչԵû˸ǡ
ճһ·ر仯ģҲû˭ܷ֣Ȼ
Կʦ󷨵ȷ֮һһطԺ¡
Ƕִ״طҲǺѿƵġ
ΪһɻճߵƧҡһ䣬ͱɹةģ
ȼ£ɤϸϸϹЦòȻҡӣȥ
֮أʱѾʣһӿն񡭡ӦǱȡ֮󣬶ⷽЩӰ졣
Բһˣֶü΢ƺ˼ʲô
ˮ΢죬ȻͷճΣ΢΢ЦةΪȥҪ£
ճһ֪δԼʮ䣬ǰԼ˹ةࡣ
ͺðˣ̽ڷ硣
ͼƷ¼ףǺӼֱԼ׶еһȣΪʵЩ벻ס
Ƣһֱˣбµģǰ硣
нɽҲᱻ˰ȥ
ɽʵ̫ϳ֪ΪͣճװϹ̬ŭƽ˵
ة֪ҵͳꪸʹãԵݡȴûϵֽţѶ͵Сһţò
̾һвʵ˵
ճһͷˮ
˵ӱƵ޷ŽȻǱвŽ׶
ôͲǲˣ

ʡ
ճϹλȨأǶĳ죬ʲôĿֱʡ
װɫʵ֪λвӣ˳ȥ
˭˵Ǵˮ֮ʵģȴλֳ˱ȣû˵ֵֻҪ룬˾ת԰¯ģ֪˭ֱˡ
ԭճȻô˵ǵųˡ
ͷֹǵţҲˡԴԣʥԶ߿ٻ磬Ǵٲһش󹦵ˣ˶ıˡĺ̫Сֻܴкȵˮ˴ñռȥ
壿ѵ˥ʲôϵһΣճãȻˣѿʵαװϹ̬
ڰԼ˼Уûעһ㣬ֻ˵ȻйϵΪȴ߲ˣʯ˵ʥ˾ҲΪ
桢ͥû˱ڵϦ֮䡣ʥ˴ӣţͱڵͥɨĻܴڣ
ŵˣʥԶߣЩ˵¿֮ͨ·ȡˡǹ㴫𷨣˵˵ն壬ʵȴǽָ塣һʯƾ



1776 ϣ
ö¶أճﰵһθźʵ֮١
ֹϵ֮ı㲫ȣһ˵ֻʺϹԼѻ֣ôҲƬֻ
Ȼܴ˿켣֮УšźͥĴһֿ
ǵöϹʮ˽⣬㹻ϸ鱨ֲ֧ſԡ
һ֡
˵ϳûףΪЩҪ֣£ճϷĵŻһĹҪΪϷǵĳӡ
ֻ˳ˮ۶ѡЦЦڻǽ͵߲ˡû˲УҲȵ֮дġôӺһѣ˵ʲô棿
ѲɣΪ֮ʣճ˳ʵ
üȻЩԣҲû룬ֻǽŵʵȻǲܵģûǸʱˡǣڶ෽£첻µزµԸ˵̬ηչ
Ȼ棬硭
ճǵ
ʵ֪ʲô
ʱûԼִ˴ţͻɺ޼ɵӡ
ңһͥа壬ӶͥΪʥ
ɲԳƣҲǹԸԴ
ͥϵġ
˵ʮ־޴
ţȺͱͥѹƵòܶ
ͻȻ䣬Լ֮гһӢ۴úͥսռϷ磬Ƶʴ۳ƽ롣
ôü
֮У飬ȻͿԻۼ
ȻڵѾɢˣܳ׳ڻɽ
ʵҲˡ
иţбʵѶࡣ
һȻûе֮λȴһ㲻
Ľ֮֮࣬˹վͬٴ麣۵ϡ
Ȼ󣬾ͿոˣЦ
ճ˼ڿϷ
ǰҪͳӦþʦһ㣬ͬСǰͶʣڿԵõջ
緲һ㣬÷ʷʵģź׸⡣
ȻôոҲ˵
֮ͨ·ֵʲô⣬õô˭Щճʱû
ڣƺѱ̸ˣճʻԹԵ̾Ϣ
ϧϧСӱǸ컯ģ߹֮ͨ·˼Ӷɾ͹ȴƫƫ£ȥˡĺô˴˵򲻶ý̺ӡ
˵úܲãһҡͷϧģ
ԣճһԶ΢ˮ
֪ˣæǣ˵Լһ£뿪
תˮһǣճոΣͼةŻŵĸ˹󻹸Աͷ졣
ճϵȴǿرⷿļһ
ðɣ컭ꪵ¶ˡʱߣʱ
һˮ̣硣
һѿ֮ңûоˡ
Ǿꪱ˵ˡ
ةͷð˵
ıȻ࣬յıȴϡúܣʧ
ͷ죬æſڵأһģǵʧְ
ŭû٣ùŹŹة࣬һʵةղȥ̽챦ˣ
ǰ뿪֮ϳȥѲ츮⣬׼ӡȴû뵽ȻˣŴҴҸ
ô˵û˵֮ͨ·飿ɫŹˣЩڡ
֮ͨ·Ǻة¶ô˵˵һЩ
û£ȥɣ˾Ͷˣȥ׷飬з
˻֣Źة༸뿪ųָһͳһʹֱ졣
Ʊˣ˵ȥǺηڿЦ
ͬȾһ㣬ףָ糵ڹ֮ڼš
ͬһŻ磬㿴
ɫͺ죬ͻȻƺһ˻ΣѪ˿˫һͣ¶
ˣ˭壿һܹ̽ġΨһֵҵľǣǾѪӡǣ붫ϢӦ
ֻҪãͻᱩ¶Խ࣬Խ࣬Ҳ㻵¡
뵽΢΢һЩο
ѱ͸ӽûȴĲ͸һӡ
ֶμҪǿһЩ֮ϲˡ
һѪ¶ǸϲոɫһãȻ
оģƺԶʧȥĳҪĶ
ԼѪǣľꪣȻ׸ѣڹ
ŭһҲֲסƽ̬һѪ˳
˱飬һ¡
ٴͣһ¡
ǰһ֣պõرһȴһëò˳Ц



1777 £
ճȫ֪Լ뿪֮󣬶Գһ̨Ϸ
зִ磬תݵؽⷨһԾ뿪֮󣬵һ£Ȼϴߡ
밽һϯѧ˺ܶࡣ
ܴЩԸϼ޻ֶζࡣ
Լ͵͵֣ıúôΪ˵ԡ
ֻϵɽöˣܾܿͻĳ֮ȥǾͲˡ
һΪõôʵȴףЩףҲȥס
˵ʲôʱ򣬻ҪѪ
ԣճعԼʱΪδ˸ۡ
˶֮󣬵һ£ǰѲƽ;ꪷŵ鶴֮л¯졣
Ѿͷ칤ܲܶ
ҵСѾͷʱһǶһֻ˶ϣɽԽ룬ƽԭ
ڶ硣
;Ұۣһĵ͹°ݷ
ݣҲǸһԻš
˲ޣ󣬵ڰβ֮ϣĿܾɫʱʱᱻŵþС
ճʵģ򽥽ľ
ѾֻʣһãһѾΪʵ塣̷ϢţԽԽһ硣
Գɷ
Ȼ־棬֮޲ԭӿҲŹϵ
ĸ֮У֮һֱţֻΪûҵ޸
ЩԪϡۡ
ÿһμ鶴磬ճһж
ĵơ
ȻǴڲȱ״̬ʵѾԵ籾Դˡ
ֻ˺ϴ󣬶޸
ʱûҪ籾Դǿˡ
ᶯȥˡ
᲻á
浽һֻ֮ʱ
ճԼһ׼ܲþͲãҪע⡣
ȻʹãȴظĵԼû
칤һ߲ʻ治֪ʲôԣƺһУҲۻһС
ճҪѾͷûаɣСУͰӹӵ˻֮ȥˡ
߲ʻ֮ϿһᣬڻóΪһ̯ˮȻٴΣǰûʲô
СѾͷӹһЦһ˹ˣ鱦ҲģԿ˳ֲ
鶴޸ȼ֮ΪѾͷԵֱˡ
ȻǸԶģ̬֮ȴԵó࣬ʱһһۣСһ
š
ճɻŽӹƽлһ£ͷ֣һӾ
ýر˳֣Ǳ嶾ɽ֮ôûָо
ǱʲУ鱦ı׼ﲻ⽣Ȼ֮ȴ鱦һԣȻһ
Ѿͷƺܿ嶾ɽӣֵԾꪰоϲ
ճԱߵĻꪡ
˵һϾͻȻϸڻ߳
ǰǸɽ󺣣Ҳһ
һָоֳִܹ˱Ͼ죬սһҲƣۡ
ǴɣӰҵ񡣡
Ǵģ鱦Ҫˮܷǿ԰һƶĲվ
Ц˵ûзֳֻ֣ꪣԺ׵ĵƽɡ
ȷˣճֳֻ֣ꪣ֮ڵֱ֮ȻȻ
Ҫ䣬ҲҪ˷Ѱ
ҪǣԼѪͬӦԼĹѪƳɣȫûаأָоǰûеġ
ˮϻѪ칤֮󣬶ͬˡûб˵һۼ
ҰСѾͷİСԴ˹˵֮󣬿ն۶ԭ˭ģûйϵӽԺǵġ
ǵģǹأʦ͵ѧ᲻
˵֮ճЩǣʵ
СѾͷȻףż䲻ŴС񽥽գ֪ĶҲԽԽˡ
칤鱦ܼնʲôĵطһû
ûϵģⶫһ㡣Ƿ˼ҵ飬͵ñֻҪûаһ䣬Ƿʦʲô𣿡
ǵûСճЦȷˡ
ʦĴĶԴԼôһ顣ͻᳶôѡ
ʵˣԷûҪЩ͵ѧġ
ȻûǾû顣
ȻԷ֣Ǿʦ׷ɱǱӦ
͵ѧ֮ʱ͸ԷδʱǨ֮󣬾Ҳû˺󻼡
ھ㵱ʣ˵ѧı£֤ͲԸ
˼ˡ
ҷ˵ԵʵӲһʣһС
컭һ£ȴЩͬ
Ϊⶫʵ֮⣬ѪѪǡ
¼Լʹˣܻź󻼡붫ϹϵʵϾͻǷġ
¼֮ѪͱԼģճ붫İˣҲ̸ʲôݺͶԲ
һֱİãûʲô˼
նˡ
ô˵£ԽǶԽƣʲô飬ûҲû
Ǻ˵ĻҲ˼ҲöԲ˼ң⣬
ճ˼άɢͻȻóһô˿ĵĽۡ
ʵϣһöôáǷͥɽ
Դжһߡ
Եˣ˾ͻԲ㡣
ⲻõĺ˻ֻۣǷֵãܷ֣ԸԸȥ
е࣬ʵûá
˱飬ճСѾͷƬçĴ½֮Ϻúõһ󣬲ųö

ǰ羰Щİ
ǰӵ̫죬Ծһ̤ԪŶѲ֪
֪ĸؽ硣
һƬɽ룬Ͱ࣬һͨ죬ſա
Զɱϡ
˸е£ӲˣԹԵ־ܣҵȷһ·
е졣
ճתͷȥͼǰһȺ֡
עĿģͷ󺺣Ŵ󵶳ǹ׷һźɫȹŮˡ
ŮθüĿӢ䣬һһŹӰ˷ǽ⡣
ȻѴͷ󺹣ȴǽ棬ܲ͸硣
ͷȴôҲȥ
ͷȻûճһ۾ϳͷӡ
ǰϹ꣬оͳ졣Ҳһʹһʹˮƴɱš
Ⱥ˱ɱߣŴӱ
Ů˭õľȻҵĽ߲ƣ¾Ž



1778 ǰ£̣ϣ
ԪʱƣﲻɵЩԼľ
ǰֵϹʵҲжǿȴǽƻúܣֻϴͷ­֫ʵʵ˫趯ţһ˴ǰˮڣ
Ԫ־ԷĴһͱЩɢҡ
ٱǼ᲻ɴݵĹ׺һײ·硣
Եˡ
ԪûбĻԵʮǰճ֮ͨ˼ͻ翪ˡ
Ҫһʮּѵ顣ˣҪȥճΪ˱ͨԷҪƾӣȥͶ
صҲмѰ
ȻѾΪִѶȫףһ·˳ϣһּƲ߽á
Уճʱһ㣬ԾţѪӶԼС
ٺٵûԵѪΪ
ֹ£Ѿˮ˺š
ˣճĳ˶һ
һԼһֵܽ㱦Ҳ֪
ڱ˿ϢжҪԪ˵ȴһݡ
Ϊ֪ճԸ
֮Уλ˾Ͷʮֿˡ
һ㣬磬ٻŮ磬֮Уȫõ֤
мڴˣԪ׼ںߣ͵͵š
һ죬ܵȵԼλСؼҡ
ȡ֮֮ԼгûйҲиͣʱܻø顣
һ㣬سҲǺͬġ
ϧǣ̫ϻ׺ȴǲԸ⡣
Ԫµʲôԭ
ΪԵй˼ټ棻Ϊʵۣ棬ȥͶԼҹȵһ
վǷֵ˼̫ĦĺԨħϣܴӵײɱһ졣
ԪЯͬسˣһ·β㣬أ
ʮɱʮ߰˴εˣһеʵҲǿ
ʵһһͻƵ׺ڣγ壬ģճФơ
ҲǺ׼˴У
Ĺͻ֮ģԪ˸ͬ˼Ѫһ㣬Ը뿪ˡ
һֱػţҲָźܼܿճ
ǹûбķѰˣҲֻɵ취ֵüһˡ
ۼʵλ綼ǶĶ֣ȴЩˡ
νսǵҲһЩɢƪƪűͨöĴԣĵһķ
ȼȻ㲻øߣôܹ
ǰȺͻԪСν׶ΣȻˮԣ仯ȫѾóԼԺķĽ
Ժ׷ʧ̫󣬾ͽԽԽˡ
ЩС֪ϢƺôûѰճټͥѾͨ
Ψһ󣬲ĵľ
һꡢһԱ󽫼ǵСЩˮûǵޡ
ʮȥˣһֱš
һǧĴأȻûӳ졣
ɱУҲһţϲź£ȡգԱ˳¡
ֵһǣԪس˵ȫ֣ʮָмʱһЩˮԪ
ںˮ淨ûᣬԪҲûʡ
֪йôһ£ɣڻͨҪڶڲġ
ЩΪ˷ֹӹѻ꣬᲼½ơ
Ҳ˵⹦ֻԼȥ
һƣִзʵһ˲ãǣ
Ϊйʱ򣬲ǰѹʽȥӺܶණ
Լĳμ䡢ľ͸ȵȡ
ϵһЩ˽Լȱ㡣
Ǽ׽֮ˣַʽ
ձʦͽʽǿڿഫǸʶˣ֡
ʾ⡭
ѧ٣˿ԡ
ԸʮֱҩҲԸ⴫±
ԪسЩжȴҲ޷롣
ֻԼĵͼķһһĴĥԪ
ôҲ²Ԫ̤СΣΪ˲ǡ
ʵѾˡ
ΪˣȻѾﵽףһԪǱȴҪϲ֪ٱ
Ĳһ£ĵȼһ¡
α׷Ԫʹȫ£Ҳֻǿһˡ
ңеǿߡ
Ϲ꣬ԭһĳղúãΪҲֻڡ
ֶ֣ԪȻǿһأȴûֵô
˼
سȻͬľ档
Եͳһͷ󺣾Էɽһ㣬ֳһˣۼþҪ
£ȴǱͷ۷ΧȻʱûлƽȦͷ󺹵ģӦҲ֧Ų˶á
磬ȥУһʼɡֻҪڹ;ˣǲ׷Ϳ롣Ժˣǵ˵Ǹ
Ԫཻʮ֮õس磬ȻףԼλ׼ˡ
ȻһתΪûеõʲôԵ
ǣ͵Ľ⣬⣬ȴȻõó
ֻ񾳽粻ǿýҪ޴ۡ
ֲܻܿסѡ
Ԫ߿ˣóն˵ҲȻӲġһɱֻ֣Ҳһ⡣
Ҫһ
һᣬЩһ߲ˡ
ȻҲ֪¾Բ˶ûаϣ
ǾǿӵһԺôԼλ磿ﻹа飿
ƴһ
˴ֻҪ˵ԷˣҲкܴᱻ¾ȳȥ
ն
ԪȻһһն
δ˼Ѫ硣
ݡ
ϹֻСǰһȴûеȫ屻նõɳȥظ֮һѪۡ
ԪҲ룬ѪĶʱͬһ㣬ͷȥ
ɱоɱУɱ;ˡ



1779 ǰ£̣£
ͬһʱ䣬سҲһȣһɹâնһʽ⵶
翣ٶȿ쵽¡
㸱ͳ΢΢һ㶣ұ۾ͱն䡣
سѪȫըѣʹһ죬ȴûг󵹷ɡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ԫһͷȥ
ͷһЦ
гһƬâĿգͻȻΧն
ҿɲһᱻ͵Ϯ
һԪسֻоͬסһ㣬ѡ
һ˿ʧ
׵ƹ۷ħˮ淨̫Զ
ǲҲûӦá
κܿĻ
Σͷ˿һ´Ȼζӳ£ѡѵˣ
ܵ˵ҲȫûµõᣬӦӵһ
˷̫ΣգȥҲѵóˡ
ʱԶڴԱߴһȣ
˶Ӧһּǿӿ֮ͬƮҡ
Ԫ־ϲ
Լ屻һɨ굽ȫܿƣսҪݣƵͷû˿
ϲǣԼֻȫֻԼϹʹ㽫ʱȫľ
ͬһɵӰ㣬վԭأһָá
ǵģǱĳӣѾסˡ
˭ˣ
Ԫ΢΢ЩϤȼǿϰٱǧ
ɣԣӦǸ߲ε
Ԫ̲ס¶Цݡ
ʮδôˮƽһС˷Ѿˡ
ճ˳ЩЦá
źԶһƴ࿴һᣬ˵ıµ׵˺εȵزˡ
ȴû뵽Ԫس˴ûãͿʼƴ
ƴճһ۾Ϳˡ
û뵽˾ȻѡҲЩ
Σܵóһ顣
ת󼤷˷ָķԼûеõκϢ˲²⣬ǿ϶ġ
ռ룬ЩҲȥǹҡ
Ļ⣬Ҳͬ顣Ǳ̬ѡǾͲܡ
СߣСߡ
ͻ䣬˽̵΢΢֣žͿһ°ɫµ۵ճͻȻ֡
ɫϲ˹ű۾ͱסճ˫ۺᣬ촽š
Щӱ׷ɱòˣѹܴ󣬴ʱճ档
ȷⲻô׶ӡ
ճ΢΢εıһѱסԴ˵Դת֮ѪȻЩϡֹϵûġ
ǰԶûӦ˽ŷԼѪڡŶԷû£Ҳѵõϲ
ֻ֮ʱճ˼룬ȻϿֹϵҪ軹ǽвڵġ
ֻǰοûˣЩôþͿˡҲԩͷծϾСޡ
û
˼ҺѾץͥĥ˵һʱ仹Ҫն
һգһ֮꣬ͥϣֻǹʮ졣ʱûиô룬³̫á
С£뾡һа취Լⲻ֡
¼ճʮּʱƽ˫üһŭЩһ겻ɢ׷ɱ꣬һֱð̫ɺˣɱ
Ǿɱˡ
ճйţΪû̫󻼣ûϵʮȥˣԷһֱŴ£ź
뵽ĿҲ˼֣̤棬һȦɫķϯ
Ϲ˾ֵţо
ǱסֿûУͬһѪ⻯ɷɻҡһɢ֮䡣
ʵ߽ʵĲϺʹĲ
ճֵһನǶܲ
ɱˮճûа㲨ֻЦŵؽ磬Ҳٴˣҽ׼ڶʤ޿ɣǸһȥ
áºԥһھӦ
֮ĸƺҲ࣬ʱ͸׽ĴĸԼгϢĶӲࡣĿůһԺ
ҵѽ
ճḧҪҪ飬ȷܲˡ
ֻҪԷոէϲ֮£ֱҲ
أΣ
ճתͷԪس磬ʵ
ûд׺١
ʱˣɫ㲻Ҳ뵽һ϶ǷֿչˣͶԼ
ֳɵĻԵҪƫҪŲ¼ȥһƬأճÿɷ񣬲ĶԷĽΡ
ǰ͵֮Ȼңô¡Ͼ磬ܰһѾͰһѡ
Ԫس˶һۣȫϲɫ룬ԪڵˣҪ£Ϊӡ
ӣ
ճȻ
Ǵ磬ѧ¾͹ˣŷͽ಻á
ԪȭһֻϺǯûнȫ֣ǼʣЩЦ
ĻȴЦԣǵӣƣΪȣʵѾ̫࣬ƽ۽ʵЩʡʦͽϵԼǲİ
سҲͷ͵㣬ɫ΢΢죬ȻҲܼǰ£ọ̈̄ԺʱջһƬģʦӦʡ
˵ÿ¼ףͷͰݡ
һλжɣ˵˵ţҪݵ
ϣᴫɲһϹ
ͽܣȥʹܵô淨
һ㣬˲붼ס
ճһЦںʽĽҰģɲǰʦڡȰؼɡȰˣˡ
˵˵ţЦݾ͵˼֣һ컭֣ꪳϼ١
ϵ˵㣬һɫʹ֡
ϵѪҺ˿ֺϣʢ
˯ҹ
ֹס˵лճ˸ƣ˿ȥһڣĿա
ʥδ˺㣬ֻǰΣ˵Ҳж뱨ĻҲʮһգ˿׷Ѱɡ
вһһ⣬â֮һĻսŮӣЦӯӯĿ˹翴ߵ⡣
Ҳж㣬Ұ׽ؼңÿʮΰٴΣݣòã
ʥûʲôɱֻЩŭЦ
һճ͵ϮΪ޹⣬ЩһֱŹ޷Ǿһسӡ
ԣһ꣬Ŀ⼫Ϊɭ䡣
˽ƹ⣬ͷŽǽڣЦ˰ɣղŲɱԱ󽫣ܿӳ졣ԣѰ·Ҳֲ˭
ԭֵֽţҲˡ
ճͻȻһô׷ġ
Ҳ֪˱ץ֮ôӱ̶̲뿪ģ
Щָթúܣһ㶼ӡ



1780 Ǹģϣ
ճ֮ԣ˿֮ºԪس缸˻Īǲûм˵Ӱӡ
ֻ˲Ϣ䣬ڰӰһһŮȫ졢Ϣ󣬽»Űơ
Ǿͷ棬ʥ
Ԫ𾪵
سҲһĵճѣ˻ڡһӿºˡ
ľ֮࣬ǰԼͶ̥ɶ֮Ӷ˻ˡ
ȴûȻԼͶ̥뵽õķЩô벻
ǰЩ꣬һֱֻôЩСԱ׷ɱȥÿһսʮΣգӵóȥ
׮׮ڻƺĻĳֻĺڲš
һǣ㱾£ĿҲǵϣǰǼ˵նҪ
ԪһĴȣӦûڲ
ˣҲˣһûмСߣʵƴҲٴӵġ
µĿԪһۣЦģСʵǿ˲Ƕ֡
֮ԽСߣȻǵ߿ѳС㣬ǵء
˵ԼҶ޵һ㣬äĿδ˰զࡣ
ǿǾͷʥʥҲˣ󣬶ΪͻɼҲꡣǾͷ澳ǿ˭Ҳ֪˵ţħħ˽ֲܣţ嶥֡
ԪЩ֮УĴ߶ϢҲûջ񣬶ʶ
㲻ʦ𣿡
Ʋ첻м
ţôţǵ̫ǿˣҪҪǰһ֣Ԫ˽бȴʵ顣
Ǽ˵ʵòǣҲÿ˭ȡ
Զ֣ԷҲֻǴһ顣
ȷЩˡ
ȻΣǾͺţҲ룬СеĹΣ𣿡оһЩ̬֮Ĵֵ˵ȣǵ÷ŵ㣬˭û٣Сս֮ʱ֡
Ļ£ͼԶϣֶӰ
գǳȺӵĺˣ
һ֧ңơˮһɫĳ֮䣬ǧر̲ӿ
Ǳ̶̲
ʥҲǰ𣿺ôĳ档Ԫس¸ޱȡ
Ĳ뱻һֱȥˣȴʵǺҲࡣ
˵ҲûеȻû¶ʲôɫߣҪൣǡ
ܴܲùͷ棬붼ûԷʵ̫ˣһ֪

ʲôãճ潥Χ˹ˮԶ·߼Ӱû򣬾ʥô᲻ң˼ĺһ¶棬Χˣ
Ȼϴڱ̶̲֮ʱı£Ǽء󷨶㲻סҰȫ˹˫ᣬҲӵóȥˡ
ʥЦúܵ⣺ԹԵĸһظٳԵͷֻҪ㸩ҲǲһϾ˲ѵá
ǧɣѣһα̶̲¼Ľⲻ˳ɾһ˻һ
ɶѣȺ£Ӳıȥ飬ߡ
ţħħͷȸֶ޹⣬ʥˣ˵裬ȥˡ
СΪʹȻǽƣѺͥնʵʶ˽㣬ûбץȴʥƽúܡ
ʮ̶̲һֱ̧ͷֻҪһͻ뵽յһΣᣬ˴ᡣ
ʥͷʥǴͷβЦ԰Ӵ˱֮У˵ͷһȭûʡ
뵽£ʥüëЦöôȻˣװͰ͵ĺšȴΪ࣬һҲˡ
ճЦһ˶оꪣָžͷϻ˵ʥֻһ䡭ɼ޸ֻӡ
ӣ
һʥ˫ãȻҡͷҡһŷӦŭ߳Һһףʲôϵ㽵ǲ
Աߵľͷ̣̲סˣɫڳһ֮е̬ʱҲɵ΢΢
ȷһֱ׷ʥƨһľΪ̶̲˳
ЩӣСͥץߣʥҲ˿ڣԼŮ޸λ֮Ҳ㻵¡
ԷȻԣ˱ȴҲ幫
뷨Ҷղˮɡ뵽ճֱƣԼΪӣǿ벻̡
ͷһŭضˣնͷ­ΪƸ񡣡
ճЦãûм˾ͺáôɾĸҷ̣ƽʱֶ˲ˮҲܶ༸Ȥ
ˡ
ʥҡ˫ɽһĨӰ΢⡣Ҳкھͷ֮ǰӹʮɾ룬ճͷն¡
ϴˮˮ࡭
ճ֪ʥ˽Ŀǽ֮󣬾ܼ紺꣬ǳ
ˮƾŲţ
֮䣬ƺǽ⣬ȴӰһýʻԪӿһƬĹ⻪֣Ƭյ棬ȫ
ȵľ
ճƴЦһתһΰֱ֫ٺ
һָоƺֻƷƬء
Ҳþꪣֻţ־һץ
̽Ʊǽ˳ϸɡץһ֮ʱͳָ֮֮ʢ
һֻ޴Ľɫգۼͳ͡ʥ˴һֱֱ̹ײ֮С
񽣹иڽ֮Уֻǽǧǣһ



1781 Ǹģ£
Աˡ
ʥ֪ճĵϸ
һֱΪճǵ̶̲֮ʱʵ
ЩҲ޷Ǿɾ磬ٸҲ߲ȥ
Ͼֻǹʮꡣ
ʮʱ䣬ЩһЩʵǴһմСصʱѡ
ô̵ʱ֮ڣжٽ
ԣΪֳһڶȴĳޣʥһֱûþͷ涯֡
ֻԼ֡
׼ͨãħ֮ʵҲͨõġ
Ȼͱˡ
תת֮ǿոճɽĺӶĶӣ˲ճİë
ɴ˿ɼֽռٱˡ
ȵת֮󣬾̤ǧɽĺߴĶţħ
ɴ˿ɼתȫǳܴȡ
ʥĽֻҲֻ۷壬ֲʲôͨͣҲá
ǣĿ֮£һͷ嵽Ӵһ㣬ճð׽˴ֱ£ץС
ţճüĽ΢΢һڣͶסѪͬʱˡ
һ˦Ͱʥ˦裬ͬʱȵˣۼϱܵ
Це˫ֽ£Цúϲ£졣
ãϱãشԲǸġ
ȫûе鲻ճҲ֪ʲô
ԪһţǺ㱻ˮǺΡµĻ뺣֮ǰȻĳλ˼Һ԰еģ˵ȫ߹ðһס
ʥԲûǱճһסȫѪʱãܻܿѪ硣
ҪΧڣĿɿڴͣ½Ų
ʥһͷԵϣˣŭأֻǵдд
ۡ
һ죬гֽɫâ˿ն˰ȻִŹâ
¡ԪˣΧڣһæ￪⡣
̧ȥͼУǾͷʱѾһ㡣ǧ׹°׵˵ͷ¡
ͷ汾ĵһԻץжһ㡣
Լֻ˳䣬Ϸһ¸顣
ָԷһˣʹӦ˻¡
ôŬڼ⣬Ȼܷɡ
ۼöСָ߸˧Ҳƾһǻĺ챾죬ȡԷøУʤ
ܿɹǣѾ㶨˶Էļҳ
΢Ҳںʲô档ʾֻҪԷӦԼȢ׸̶̲
һжõķ淢չ
вƣеϦͷȴû뵽ԼΪɵһγУͻȻͳˡ
СӣҪʬΣҡ
ͷɭɤӾ֮·ġ
ʲôܣǾɱ֮𣬶֮ޡ
һʥʧ֣رһ㣬
һΪţ첲ʵ˷䣬ÿһóһ
ֲͬɱսͳһ𡭡һģͬʱ֣´
ٴҲǴ˵ġ
ճЦоϣһܾꪷͻһΡ
沿ֱ۴¶ȫâ
趯䣬հ׹ڣպġ
˵һ֮ճͷ֣ԼȻȶԷȴЩ㡣
ͷһʽͻžص󺣿޾
һδƽһ
оŸ˺һͬһ㣬ͬЭӡ
ӲӲƴһΪŵն֮£ԼֻڽںˣҲĻᡣ
ȻŶر죬ѹ
ͷ·ϣӺ˺ӣǾŸһ߾Ÿ
պȲϺӣΪŸԴͬ˼£֮΢֮ԶһԴ
ôͷĵطʵǶԸȺ·ϣͬһ֣Ȼ򲻹Ҳ֧ŵ¡ִȴҲûȱģǺ±˲зֱӱȹ
ȮɶзҲûУֻǿ׼ᣬһҧ£նڸסˡ
ͷзԴٻ˼Ȼûȥ䲻ҧһͷ­Ȼֻ֮زز
ΪʲôҪӣһǴ򲻹Է˶ڡ
ʵͦģҲúܣƲٲͷ
Ϊ˻ʲô
һͷ­Ҳûһ֮
һӲҪ̶̲ССʥʥȫһһҲûͷ
鵨ˡ
ǲΪǿС
Ҫ֪һսʵΪͷ˽Ҫ͵ǿС
ùȴʥһӡ
һ˵ճãԼʵ۸ˣھˡ
Щֻ࣬ɲǼ䡣ճ˶ԷԸҲ˶Էƣлһᣬ仯
֪ԷȻɷȴöԸһ֡
ֻҪˣˣȫõʲô󻼡Щˮ֣ʥУͶ֮£Ҳ͸һ䡣
ܲ˲λĹ춢Լ
ǳֺõ顣
ȺʥҲǲϵġ
ɺڰ׹Ӱתֻء
籼һƬڰ׹֮ϣ˿졣
ֻ޾Ŀΰķϯ
ˡ
졣
ճûз
õ컭ꪲãûʱ˾ͷλ֣⣬ԽսԽ˷ܡ



1782 죨ϣ
˫Կ죬͹˰ʮС
ھͷͬ˰Ĺ֮£ճꪷ赽Բ죬ٵ켫ɣ뻯ֻʮ֮䡣
սţһǹᵽͼıٶȡ⡢ȵȣֻּӳɡ
һͨ
ճڽʣ֮̽󣬾Ͳپĳֱ
ű֮ʱó裬
ǰڽȴɵ㼰棬һ
һӣһѸͷıڣв
ǴӼɵ
֪п˵ʤĵ֮컭͵Ӧˡ
Ĩն
һ컭𣬳ɽΪһ塣
ӰɭɭĿѣԡ
ͷԾ߶׹һѹ
˿ȴǸùһδʵ
ǿ͵ľǱйȥǱǣŴ˷
˷䣬Ͳһ㣬Ҳֻһÿѡ
ʵ˵ճƾųתĽʱȾͷ滹в硭
ͷĹͣǵ˼ɵļ£ȷݺıǮ
ճµһʽ֮ʱ΢΢飬Ӷ΢΢˳ɡ
ӵھŲ֮ʱζԭأһδˡ
һʮ֮ʱꪷڰ׹ִʢǱԨǣţżǿ֮
ͷǾŵǺ̷ȫ֮ɫȻѾûʲôʤġ
λ֮ʱǽѣһҪѶֱڲ¡
һ棬־鷳ꡣ
ѾһЩȷټԼӮ
֣ԼĹ뵽һĥ֮Сͬţ뺣Ǻڰ׹˽ȥ
صİӿľ
ŵǣʹꪵСӣ̽׵ĺԨƺûóȫ
ⲻܡԽǴþˣꪷԽҹζ࣬սپ
ͷһȣһ졣
Բת֣һȦ£̫»֮ˮչʮ֮ң
һĺڵĹâճǰ۷˼㡣
ͬһʱ䣬
˱֮յľͳ־ֻ޴ͷͷϸ߿š
乴ſ¶ɭɭճһ̶¡
ΪԭΣһֻ޴̽žӣſҧɹ
չ䣬ܲľۡ
Ҳͬһ¡¡ѹ¡
ֱҪ·ճһƬ⽴ʳ
˵
һñ䣬һͷ­ҧˡ
ðɣһҲ쿪ˣʮѵ
ճһݣ֪ͷѾóѹ׵ı¡
޴ֱڹġķ컭ֻһӴһǣ΢΢Щ䡣
Ҳͬһ㣬󵯿Ƶûбɢȴûȫӵ
ͬӰһ㣬컡ߣܿԷ׷
ֻ޴ͷճͷӹ˺һƤ⡣
Ѫɽꡣ
Сġ
¡Ԫ˿ýţɫ侪С
ԶһƬȲ
վھͷһ߰ҲԣУͷϾԼͨ
ͷѪ죬ճŭЦƴǰɣǾͳȫ㣬Ҳġ
ӭžŸ޴ͷһҡǡ
䡭
纣ˣճȻɶʮɸ£зꪾţȻն
һѿն
оͳϸϸܵͬ˿һ͸ŭ𣬵ҫ
Ӱƿռ䣬һ·ʱһ㣬ֱֱնھͷ湥ǰһԴ档
ꡭ
и
ǿž޴ͷǳ߾ն

ͷʹǰ֮һ٣ճһꪴͣס
Ҳ룬һŽԲ£˫һȣɶݡ
鵨ˡ
ոճͻȻʹͨһ
էէ֣Ӱһ㣬ͻأľſͷ­˼άûзӦ̸ϵֵˡ
ճһе֣ͣһҽң㿰ԺˡȻ˷ҵıԴˣȥ
ճʮɽڵһ̤統մһԭسһ޴ӣΰԾǰ壬֡
ꪣΪһ㣬ŭšһϽɫâۣꪷƿռ䣬նһ赲󷢶նͷ档
¡
ͷ˸ͷ­ͬʱХǰҼתΪһ
һиոճͣͱճĽⳤһһжϳأһƽϹâһննһͷ­
Ѫͬٲ㣬Ӱ
ȳϢѬķˣȫľ
ǵ˫òҵҲˣѪ֮ľ̹
ľͷ棬ǿĶԣϹѪͳ
ľͷ棬ȴޱȡ
һӾͱɽܿ䡣
ô˵ǰȻ֣ȴûжģ
Ԫſڽ࡭
˵ʵڵģϷĴ򶷣Ŀ
Ԫͼıƴִ򷨣񻰹һ㣬αСϼɡ
Уǰˣڿȥȴ˿ڶˡ
ľģʵ˫
ֱͬͷľƴⲫ
ĲͬߵĹٶȶʶˡ
˵۾
û壬ճ׷֮ʱ׳˶ꪡ
ֻһնھͷߵ߾֮ϣԷ˫ȣŭУѾɳ֮ң
ԭذƶ䣬ϰϰûս˫Ӱ
Ĥһڹ⣬һ⣬ͲӰ



1783 죨£
˭Ӯˣ
һƬ
ͷ澹ȻˣܵòҲ̶ãͷ­ֻ
һֻͷ­һͷʧͷ­Ϊ󽵡ǱԴˣϧˣϧһ
ޣʲôƨǶ棬һģǰΪţħħȼ硣ʵӻǹͷпá
һˮڰգͫſ£ƺǲм
ȫĿ֪һֻӲվھͷǰ׼ƨҲҽ
ǰЩӣˮ߾ÿھͷƨɺڣΪԷϲʥԹ
Ļǲص档
һȴˡ
ѵǾͷĲôֻǿͣʵսǿ
Ҳ԰ոմƬռ䶼ÿˣҲԼҪǿǧٱ
ǵĺۼʧȥСɽСͷ˸ٶ˵
ЩֵҲ˵
ʥȴһ賤ӿ
̶̲ľӿϷӿǰ´ɱ˹
С̣㡣
ʱûаüĿȫǽ׺ݣֱֱʥ
һΣһúùסⱦŮȻּıȥԸ
˵һŮӣĵڼ廨ݲͺˣαطҪѧ赶Ūأ
һСһҲˡ
ͷԿֻҪԼûиԵˣһ̲͹ȥˡ
ʥȷôġ
һֱѱ鼰ĺǧɽҲΪƢãٵˡ
־͹ǾͷϣһֱԼôôƾֶĶ֣һŮȥأԭǺûԼôǿ
ʥ׽Ѿһʱ䣬ѪͨʥҴԮʥˢһ¾ˣί
ոһϲžǴʧɫҪ
һ籼׼㣬ٱ磬ԶأȻ䡭
ꪷѪȣʥͷ䡣
δնǰɽ纣Ѿס֫˿ֻ¾
ʱʥŸոմ˶С
㻹к˵
߶ʮɵľ޴Σѹŷ컭ꪣɭͷ֮ϡ
ɼһΡ
󺣿Σɽ롣
һһ֮䣬
Щֵ֣ЩѵģʱѾĵĽŵĨ͡ǱˮǱˮƵļơ
ߵˣԷԴ󷢣Լȫ
ǿһ°׵ۣϷŽӰ֮Уץһž޴ͷ
ո׷ȥֿ˾ͷһֻͷ­ΪֻĬҲڰ塣
֪ͷ˻ˣҪɱ̶̲һң᲻նݳٰҲһɱڣ
ԽԽǾ֣СһЩ֣Ѿ˫ȷˡ
ʵˣˮճҲûϣֻתͷʥʻ
ѾˣԷͽ⣬Ȼնɱɾպǣݡ
ֻǳ
ʥǿѹͷίͺŭ㵱մңұ̶̲飬ɱˡǿԵɷ𣿡
ɷֻһɢޣͥġ
ճЦ˵ˣ̶̲ʱͶͥô֪£ȡᡭ飬˾ˣҲûʲô˵ġȻǲģȻǿߴ桢Ҹƾ£
ǹȥӴ˱̶̲ٲ鷳Ҳǳ˿ɺãʥѪʼͨ磬ǿ򶨵
ճ˵ʣҲûʲôñġʵϣҲǱ̶̲һֻҰġոյñײ˱̲Уʱʬ纮
⻰Ȼ˵뷨Ӻúý棬ҪŭԷ
֮ꪷ£סԪٶۣ˵Ϳʥ˵
ʥָ˻ճҲæŲһǶ
λʵȻҲﵽ۷壬˵ҲԼȫֵûав
ŲǡճȻ˵̶̲ʵȻôιѼࡣһ㣬Ǻġ
ʲôʱһ벻ͷȿ֮ûûˡɱ˸ɾûпаҲʦǡ
ǰ䣬ʥɫ԰ףи־ɫ滰һתͻȻʲô㡣ֻҪұ̶̲ɱҸ
ճԣǴЦջؾꪡ
˸ꪻλָ˸߰ʥȵҽãʱ򣬱̶̲ҡжԹҲûʲôˡ
㡭ʥɫһ
˵˵ֻصǰǻˡ
ǰһбܣճ˵ץؼҵ檣ʱ龳˵ΪҾͷľֻǿЦ
û뵽ԷȻĴԼ⡣
һھܾһЩҡ
ԷǿԵȻһġԴ󷢡̶̲˵ȣԼϸǾʹͣ
˵ԷȻƣﵹû̫ķŭ
㳤濡̫ɶ֮⣬۱£˲ţĲ򣬵ԼҲҪץ£Ρ
Ҫһնͷ­
ʥûôʥѾһѪ˳㡭̫



1784 Ĳϣ

ʥҪȻŭҶ֡ʥˣʱɳ嶯á
æתͷճҪ֣ǡ
Ե棿
档޼漦޹湷ܲڿƭ㡣
ʥƺˣﰵĴһ䡣ȴ̾˿΢΢ࡣ
ճɫһϲûλԼȳ˼͹
ô˵Ǽ빷ǳ˼šĸһ
ǿŮճõİ취ˡ
Ǵȡ飬˭˭ǾͲ˵ˣֻ˵ҸԵûʲôƶ֮֡
ȻˣԹҲһЩʮ̶̲һҲһֱûзܲһֱôȥɡ
ճϲǳҲϲ˼ǹҡ
һ£ᾡٶȰѳ˶ˡ
˵ѳԼ
ˣ徲ǣ޹ҡռһЩëƤ£ǻʲôɣʲô
̶̲ĳԹֽⲻȫɱҲǸ£ϾԼ͵˼ҵȡȻСʹţԼƺҲûʲô
һ㵹ǵϣҲûʲôġ
Ϊ˼ұӶնɱ¶е²֡
һɱ˱̶̲һСճ˵˴֮⣬ûʲôô
ʥ̫ĽڡɱˣָȫΪԼĵˡ
ȻǴ򲻹ԼǰǺţ͵͵ڮţҲǺ鷳һ顣
ʥ͸鷳ˡ
ͷΪƣǼá
ǣɽˮϵܻһֵܡ
ţħħħȣǴ֪ģ֪ѻкܶࡣ
ɱףº̯Ӳʰ
һʱը
ԼЩˣ£ô֮١
УͷȷɱͬСɡ
ԼݵؽⷨҲֻ׷һնһͷ­ԷʹѪӰ١
һǲưոݵġ
һ֣Ҳûʲôõĵġ
ɱ˱̶̲Сͷ߾ͺܿԼ޼ұ֮ĴԮб
ֳɵɣյļһﲻܲãʱҲûʲô˿Է˵δñ̶̲Ż
ȵԼ̶̲ҽ֮󣬾ͷϾͿɥ֮Ȯˡ
˰𣬶û˻Ӧ
ԭܼ򵥣˼һ˳Թؽ֮áһʲôɴв֣ӳ
ǰ汻ˣͷ­ҲΪҡ
Ѱ鷳䵽³
Ҫ˵Ƕ֮ޣҲӦ
˼ʥԼԸˣָʲô
Ҳճ׵ı⣬Ӧһ˿޵ɱ⡣
ʥ̾һݺĿԼŮһۣͷߣȻĬˡ
첲šȣƲˣҲû취
ճű̶̲еߣȶգĳȻ롣
ʱͷɱ⡣
ԶԶ뿪ʥ˻Σһʱ̬
Աһֻæסļ뿪
ճĬһ£ͻȻתͷҰںȵȻѵҪĳǺȱϲƣ
ңң̣ҵȲ߶ţϲ
ȼӦʹ˷ˮɽɢ˸ɸɾ

֪ǲ̫ʥĬĬţַĸо
ճҲȥܣ֪ǿȢλ˵ܻЩô⣬Ľ᲻£һЩӾͺˡ
ʥֻҪһ׮Թ̰ͼɫ
ȻԷҲˡ
ȥģ»ççΣΪʵ
˰ʥҲ۾
Ȼڵճ⡣
ȥʤްɣȻҲ壬ţ˵ܵ˵Ҫƽ࣬ҲһЩҪǣ˶ãƬͻῪʼҡס˴ۿɣУôá
˵ͷǣֻʥ˼һ˿ǡ
ճĻûлɡ
ΪûҪƭ
ɵʲôأ
Էͷ涼Ķӣһ²˵ͨ쳹أҲ˸ǡ
£ԽĴĻ壬ţ޵鷳ĲС
ڿǱ̶̲׻᲻ܵǣ
İɣԶ뿪ͷ̶̲ٳϹϵֻҪҸӲȣȥ̰òԼĶͲֻš
š
ʥһ
ճһ۾ͿʥЩʲô
ӹǳиŮģǸ˼ҵġ
˼ҾͺãΪ˿ʻЩֻҪмңͲõṴģԼһ͵ñӡ
һʼճʥӡʵ̫á
С;ͷ漸֮䲻ò˵Ķ¡֮ȼյͬʱһоŮĺܿȡ
ָоʥڱ̶̲ʱŽȥ֪ʵһŮټ󣬴Ҷû֡
˼ǰ׸׶£ŸӢܵθڣҲ¡
һЩֻҪ̫񣬲ûʲôáȢؼУҲЩȤǡ
ʵһҪԭճû˵ʥˡ
ӳ̶̲֮ʱʥԼһ˳ֺԼ˺ô鷳һûӳȥ
ǾǾͷ档
ԼԪӡŶãܻͱֻץסˡ
ǼһԸԼ
ҸʲôʲôԹҪ׷ʥû⣬Ըң̫ɶˡ
ԣճ¾̶̲˿Բɱͷõͷ
һֱ׷ʮնɱ˶Էͷ­ͷԴɱʮּᶨ
ǾͷŶͱճɻҷˡ
ɱûɱճȻ˵ǳһڶȴҲ˿˿ˬ
رϲʥǰɣ뿪ˣ˵ֻȥ̶̲סôҾһģʥˡ
׵ࡣ
õͷǵ֪ϢԻѹ
һſ˵𱨵óס



1785 Ĳ£
ʦ𣬶ʤ̫ңԶǿҪѰԪ״̬ܿ죬Ǽճǰһս֮󣬽еһҲȫˡ
سҲǸͣʦʦ̫ЪϢһᣬȥȥ
Ϊ˵ӣȸɻȻⲻ˵ģҲЩˡ
ճúЦĵڻԵǰݵˣҲܷһЩֵġ
޹زɷԲá
Ȼ֪ԼԽǰڳһЩ˷ᰲģ˼롣
ĻԼǿͿģǾʹŲᴫ汾졣
ҪȥѰҳճҡͷֹһ
ߴͳһƣɣݵؽⷨһȥʮҼһܿͿԵﶫʤޡ
ؼˣȻһЩٶȻһЩҪǧٱ
ͨ
ԪϲһǶţоЩɡ
ԭܼ򵥣ƶ̫Сˣһ棬ǺܿվǿǿҪվȥˣǲ֪ʲôˡ
ؼǣŮʿ
ϵĳݣЩüˡ
ԪسһֻϺһֻ㾫ŤŤʥһЦ͵͵ճһۣȻһĵƶǿˣȷС˵㣬ŲһƳ·
˵꣬һУ䳶һɫƹһףͻΪһŵ㳵
⳵Сһ㣬ڰ֮ظسƥѩĿһ˻̤߲ƶ֡

ճ´棬óƥʵöߣԪв磬Ƽ༫á
⣬ʺĳЩ˵ɧӡ
۹⡣ʥЦ۾üë䣬ǰܵһʱɢȥ
гȻΪǣ԰һ±̶̲ĲƸ
Ǳ̨ʾǣҿ֮ͥҲĳЩϵŪɲҪҡ
һ㣬ճȻ׵ģҲƶԷС˼ɨ˲Էó
ֻЦԶ칬֮Ҳ׷߰ϳɡ
ȴֶԪ˵ġ
ʥЦһͣ⻰˵ãʲôԶ
ʣЩԺΪ޹Ⱥûʲôõġ
ɷˣΪŮˣǰġ
ˣܱ¸ߵͣҲǿļһ󲿷ֶǿ°˼ġ
ԣԽʢԽкôЩѰֻҪһкܰףѱ鼰ĺ
֪ΪΣĴȴûɵĸо΢΢̶
ѵݱ
һʲôͲǼǧ谮׷ĹˣǱ˵һС檡ΪС檣Զ⻰ȻǷˡ
뵽о΢΢ЩˣһʱԼ
ʲô˼ˡճһ֪ŮˣԼû뵽ԷС
־׽סʥһ£ЦҲѹ̫һ̶̲ЩʱհͿԻȥʡס
һʡףʥԴʵЩϲ
ճϳҲҷ¼ŭ˶Է׽СûȨ
Ȼԣǰ˵ǳޣ²ճװãȴҪһġ
ŪһԼңһºбҪ
ǣүʥӲͷƤһү֣ȻûǰΪ顣
˫ί֪ľɢȥЩһָ
ڿգƿ֮ϱܵƽȿݣ㳵һ׹⣬ӹʡ
ڳڼһȫоһ˿ʡ
ʵǳеĺñ
Ի򿪣ܿɽƣˮ岼
ʱʱԼһЩɽ죬ɱ
Ƴв첻գ֮ӹɽӣʥʱʱĿ⣬ڼ·
ճҲ໰ʶ֮УԼˣ֪ȴ㡣
ջ񰡡ϴڷɽ⣬˺һ٣նֻһǧˣٵÿһΪЩɱӮҲûأԭˡ
Щ֣ճϸķһ£ͷ浽ʲô֮ͬ
϶Ϊƶԭ򣬺Ҳʲôˣ˵֣֤ΨһĿܣǾˡ
ճȥҵ֢ڡ
ԼӮ˺ӣԺ˵Ȼܴ裬˵ȥ
Щɽʦǣ˵ǿöҲ˵ȥġ
ʦ˵𷽴ɽѧյ顣
ԼӵĽ棬ʹ˱ᴫĴǡ
ͷһսȴĿ֮´ġ
ű̶̲ȥЩɢĴԼغܿͿԴĺ
Ҫ飬ʥ
ְľٶټʣͻжĽ
ͷжʵжǿԼжߡ
ʥжޣж߹ԼİԾͻᴫж㡣
⵹ԻĲˡ
ճҡͷʧЦԼʶжˣﻶϲţ΢΢ա
ϲΪֿԽˣˣתƽתڡܽԪͻɣֱɡ
յǣֻһϸˮ
Լ֮У˾޴ѾΣյıԵˡ
Ҫ˵ĻҲû룬ȫĺǧɽΧڣύյ뢣սһһսʤ
վģĻɽһ̴£ɾ޵֮
ţħȶ֣Ҳֻǿһƽ֡
һ¾ˣЩĸֽݳֵܡ
Ȼкôл
崫λ֣Ҳͥš
˵ֱ׵㣬Ǳ˶סˡ
ճȴ
ڵȻ統ľͷһ㣬ҲֻǺ֮˶ϡ
ֻҪײͥͷŵǹϣ˰Լ
ʱľͷܰݷݵڱ̶̲ȥͼı飬Ҳᱻ˴
һ֣ͥͷʵöܵġ
Ͼ߲һ֮У۲½ĶҪϱ
ʴ۸ܵͥ𶯣в˵ĶҪͨ˳磬˵س̽졣
ɽ֮ϣҲûĸڼУͿġǹµģΪ硣
ȡ£ҲҪȥˡ
ԣճֻҪⷽɽǳ̫ķˣϽ磬ûʲôԹ˼ɵġ
ҲҪıȡ˵ڡ
ΪͥܲţԼ͵͵֣ȫС



1786 вӣϣ
ңңȥɽǧ¡¡ʱʱɽȲ
ɫĴչţÿһ֧棬һǿϢ
ʮʮЩǿ֣ϱɽĺӴˡһƾ޴󣬱ţ޻ţħҲһ㲻
ճһмƳԶԶӹƿգ̾Ӹѳɣͣ¡
үʶŽ飿ʥ󿴿ҿ
ʤɽˮƫ㣬ţ޵Ĳçɫǲͬ
֮УܿҰɽľࡣһ۾˼ôһ㱻Ȼĳ͵ȥࡣ
ɽҰɽӴһֱ⣬ɱѵ֪һǸ˲õڣ֣ʵ
ճЦʶʶֻҸǺг𣬼ǵôһɡת뻨ɽԶһ㡣ǺӲˣֻ¶
үȻкµ𣿡ʥüë΢΢һ
ճ΢΢һ£۽ɨͷλǴ΢΢ǳЦ
ðɣǹģԼһ£ˣǹء
ҲֻԹ˵Ҫҵļҷùѧһѧ
Ҫ
ʥݱɫŮһֱˮв¡Ͼʱ֣Ҳʲô汾˵£ȻҲġ
ȻĸҲãŮҲãһЩլǿ϶ȤŨճһҷ֣ԶԲ̵̷
ʥʵճҲͲҷ¡ŮǸģʮѣذڼﵱƿЩ
һЩ鵹͵˵ףź÷ġ
֪ЩЩ²ԼǿУС¡
鷳һִûպãͥͷŶϣԼӾѵðˡ
ɨһԱߣͼһСɵͭ룬ʱʱĿһȺ㡣
һĿռ䷨ƷȻߣҲѵã֪Ǵõ
ţ赹ǲ̫һЩɽ⣬ճոѶǻᣬÿֻҳԵģȫû̫ȡġ
Сʮ׷ɱڰƳϣ˻ͭ룬Ͳ˯ˡ
Ԫس磬ȴΣŻɽƹţɫЩࡣ
Ҳһɡɽͨ־֮ʱڶɣҲôģҪͬͻ
Σ֪ӣǺ޲ð춼ͱһǱԻͶʢת۸ûڼ
ƽʥµ飬ճݵǧ𲻵һ£˵׮ǺӵֶΣǾˡ
ѧջɽ֮շʮ壬ʮ޹֣ţԼײãȥ˼ҵĶȥ˵ĺһ׶òôţĸƵģЦֺã
ʥɫ䡣
˵ʲô»ʵˮƽֻΪҵ㴵㣬˼䣬綼һˡ
ʵ˵ұ̶̲ССĲ֪Ҫǿ϶٣Ҫ
һȥΥ档ΨһĿܾǣ̫̫
뵽ʥ͵͵ճ²ҲһһǸǿ
Ԫس˵ûʲôȣ˫۷Ź⣬־ֱ嶥š
ճǵ뷨ʵҪսֻͨ¼ⲻ˴С
뵽Լ˿ʮϰ꣬һֱͻףڿϣмѡ
ճӦʥ͵͵Ŀ⣬֪ʲôֵǺӸҿɲһٻ»ءǼһȴǻӰʹ޷Ŀͽ
ȼʻԹ˵Ϊ˱ˡʲô飬ζ뵽
ʲô
ֵظԼֻкӺȫȥֱ޸Ԫû˸˭һӴ
ʥͶϲ£ʵ󲻵ֻ˵죬˺һʵǣͲ콫͵ظȫͥϽһưոݵġ
ǻַܵʱ򻨹ɽͥȻһǱаǸճͷʥٲ㱿Ϳˡ
аﷸô飬ȥ٣ôܣʥ
ôͲܣ콫ǶһӴͥû棬аոָá
ǣֻǾã֣ɽˮܳģҲá
ԣüʶ㿴պգ칬ܲһ㣿Ҳ㿪𣿡
ԪҲǵͷ޵ȷΪΪѣʲôð취Ϊˣ첻µز£ƫͨ󣬾԰ѡΪˣ˵ʲôʱͻᱻǣϡ



1787 вӣ£
үʱ˭Ӯˣ
ʥתתͻȻʵ
ǰøһܣʱߣӮˡǺӲԳƶϣЩʱվٶʵִڴһ˭Ӯء
ţħأܷù
ö˶˵ľͰһʥţħ壬ճЩΣţħҪʤһ㡣ٶȣȴǺռţպͷ࣬ƴӻĻΪͷԸ
ʥͻȻͲˡ
ĨȥʵճԸţħ綥ûʤ㡣
ʱףԷʵǹ˼Ѱ𣬶Ľ̶̲ĶԹ
һ˿ûʲôͬʥܴ
ǵű̶̲ʥǰѰ𣬴ӶòȢʥףеܾܿҸܻеʵȻҲᡣ
һ㶼ѰţռݾϷ£סʵˡٿ˵еʥ
ǿ߰һơ
ͨһЩ飬ʥ᳦תճ;ûôɶˣһЩ׽
үȻɽǿǾֻ𣿡
ǵأֻǲȥռ̣ռһ鵺һ¼ٵۣȫӰġ
ָָǰЦҿˣݽ粻ԶﺣһЩʵǿɢ֮ʿռϣ޷ߵʳǸôµģǰѶĻк뺣š
ʥ˵̧ĿͼһƬ֮ϣ岼䵺׺ţЩ˼
Զżܼ׷Ǻߡ
Զܼܿڸǳ
ʥһƺһʲôЦү˼ԶҲµûĻԺѡȡԭѰңȱĹ¶Ů£Բԣ
ԣȻѩԺ¾ͽ㸺ˣʧ
ǡʥӦüëбţ˸߲ģ֪ıԣҲ̫ѹס
ڱ̶̲֮ʱһŮǴ׷бܣûд
´κܱܿʥͽ
췴£붼̼
Ȼʱֻһ롣
Ԫس磬˻һۣ뵽ʲôҲ˵
ճδ
䵽һ֮ϣճͿڵɽпɣΪפء䶫ͽжɽ̶ˮģռع󣬻ԽԺͽӳ̶𸮣Σ
ãšʥøæ˵
˼ӦҪȥű̶̲ļ֡
ճ΢΢ҡͷֹǵһ£ͲԶˡ
ЦˣԼӣҪŮҳ˳ǳˡ
ԪһЦȵʦǣСһ׮ЪϢʦֵܶ˾ͷͷ¡һˮ֣һ˽½һˣǮˮܿܽáֻҪָӾͿɡ
ճ⣬ͷԪس磬˼Ȼ£ûʦҲüݡͰһشɣɡ
ǣʦ
һɫһϲ֪ʽϿԼˣҲʽ¼š
һûʦʵҪ
ʦ͵Ļģν汾¾С
Щиˣô˴ǲôõġ
ҪһͽʦƱࡣ
ԣճһ˵Ϊʦ˸ͬܣЩӿడ
ûоһһѰ
ˣ¶˵Ͷݡ
ţճ£ڳʦ
ճվԭأݣŷ
һΣͳһһ͸ˡ
诽ӫ󵶡
ȻʵɽСģ͸ͽܷá
֪Ԫس类Ϊ񡢵ű֣Ҫɱ
⵶òֵ̫ģͽδЩᣬճһֱû۵ʲôñ
ƽ;ꪣԼҪʹãҲֻˡ
һһôҲСأɱЩ磬֮䣬ҲϺýˡ
ʥĸоճľȣ͵Цȴûж졣
ԪˣԸոյֵʮϲ˵ʵڵģЩ걻׷ɱģһֱûùõı
õĵȻ̷񣬵ȴȱһ
ֻԼӼͨϺ÷Ļвġ
͹֮ճͰ˽еһԡϸϸ˺ˮ淨žҹȡŲ֮ת壬ӡǳȥ
Ԫس෽磬㣬ҲµԼλ°ݵʦ𵽵δ㡣
֪ǽҪԼˣԺҪȥƬ½֮Ͽ²
˰ſˣ޿

ʱƣһת۾Ͷʮȥˡ
ճھ֮Уһ˿õøɸɾ
һΣǴƷɾϻͥԪ񹦹һһ
ܵ˵˲ãգľתֹתתһ롣
ԪչЩϲûҹڤ˼о˵İ֮£ҲѾͻ߽ɳڣ
ʱԪͿԳƵͷҲȹ֡
̫ˡճ̾һЩˣʱѾԼ˰ɣɽˣϸˮˣȴϸÿԡ
ʱûˣǾͿܷѰɵɹԣһΪҲãתͻתѰ
еûġ
ճַ˷沢ڻҳ߳
һӭδЦүٳΣɱȵغ⵶󣿡
ճͷ
˵һʦͽʲô˭ıã˭ıʲôϵԼ
Ԫ߽󣬹ؾԲܹ˵Уǿ
ЩŵӣͺˣһЩغ˼ҳ
С˵ϳ֮УȻѧ˵㣬ȴܳԱůͬһ㡣
ճţһЩɼ֮󣬾ɳȥɢһǱңӪ̼֣ռɽΪ
ԼԽԽ࣬һƽǸտʼʮݵλߣôһЩõģܸԼջġ
֮𣬿ԭ
Ȼ̫ƽȴѾв·ˡ

˼ԼĲ֣ճʥߴߴҲ÷ơ
ͻȻԶմһըף߲ҫһƬƬѹѹľЮƽ
Ŀֱָɽ
ճȻ̧ͷת۾Ц
ӹСԷʥַͥսһҵҪȥƸ֣һͥʵܷˮ㣿



1788 һϣ
磬Ҳ֪ˣɽб䣬շͥͥɱ׽Ҫж𣿡
ճոտƲʱãһ󼲷һĽС縡͹ĽŮ
ŮƤӨϸѩһ˫۾΢΢âͷȴɫϵѩ䣬ż䡣
ЦȴһҲ䣬ճĿˡ
ѩŮϢԽԽͨˣָ鱨ɢķŵӽƹܣһûߴ
ǵȻҪȻôΪǣѩŮܵĵ
ʥɫ΢΢Щڣһ˵ûǴĻѩŮƺүΪʦѧ˻ԪнɡУ㻹ѧֱָɵͨ澭𣿡
ʦĸĻ㿴ʦᰡ͸ʮ˾࣬ʦ°ˡѩŮֹȥʥֱۣЦ
ʥƤ飬ʦĸͲ½ˡ
֮ܲЦ鿪Цȴûе档
ʮǰճȥţһˣѩŮ˻
ƽڼңҲע´ƣżҲһߡ
Ƕţ޵壬жʤ޵ĻɽپǸŲԶĴϢʮֹġ
ֻ֪´ƣǨĵſԴı¡
ǴΣ;عԭСʱһɽĹسǴͼѩŮˡ
ʱɱһһֱǧ֮Уĸ̣
Ϊ׶УһԱ׽ʾںߣöֱսģһȻʤˡ
ճվͷ֮ϣƲڵζ
УѩŮͻȻ˫ۺᣬʦƺƶ䡣
ճûκξֻǰ
ðɣһͲˣѩŮҲ֪һЩʲôԸ÷ֱӣ¾Ҫ뿪
׽ں߿ధԹΣӰ
ѩŮֻǻһ仰ʦ֣Ͷڴƹأһˡڹң˵֮𣬺̸ʲô
޶ĸСŮ͸ճ칬
ճ֮ʱһ߽ΪͽΪѾĽףʦ֮ңʶʮ̤֮׾硣
ٶȣճҲɵð̾
Լ׹һӣʲôָ㶼ûУŶԣһԼϰ߽Ӱ񴫳С
ˣʮʱ䣬ѩŮͿԼûָһʲôСŮɳ硣
ԳƵһʾˡ
вһӣһת۾ͳ˲
ôһ̣ճǰλŮӣʱΰ
س칬ʮճ̵ѩŮԪнͨ澭
ڽųǿݣ߽ɵĵ·Ҳδɡ
ںˮ淨ħ巨ţѩŮȻɫ죬ȴʮʮ塣
ħţƲԡ
˵ճҲΪ˼ɽһУɽҲɽһݴС
Щ߶۲죬֣ɽü磬Ⱥĵɽ硣
ܿܣһЩĸ硭
غܴǧǧ򣬺֪Ǹȥ˺ηϾʵûߵһ
ҲֻĳЩߣܿ࣬ʱռ֮оΡ
ѩŮԪɣﵽ֮˽ĵճʹһС
أмѣһҪɾ磬ھ֮ƶС
֮ȴԱ辶
һزҲǲƾƿǿС
ֻɵһ㣬ԪһЩˡ
ԴѩŮѧ֮ճͰǲȥŵӽƹܡ
عʱ󽫣Ϲ㡣ʱ룬Ҳʶ˼伲ࡣˣݹ˵û̫Ѷȡ
Ԫس磬޺ˮ澭֮󣬴ʱѾ޵߲淨һһӡžŲ
֮࣬ǵǽڵӣϰա
ճҪܸߣ֪ĴǰʷϴһʵȼӦò͡
λӲ⣬Ҫ棬ʵǿĻܿɲó
սǳ̱֮ƫϡ
ѧȫţɴá
Ҳ׼ҲʮϿɣտ޲׺
ۼʵһǿ
ôȥҪ̫ʱ䣬Ǻܿڰ֮ͻɡ
˵ˣͻɼֲֵ̫Ǯ
ʵͻ˽޵ģǺ˲õĸˡ
һңʮˣδܳһ
Щܵɹɵģһʱת˼
߸񣬻߱ǿ
һֻͨͨ壬Ҫһ̤۷塣
ûйЯҪѷǸβࡣ
һ㣬ԪϾͿԿ
Ҳ£ֱӳ۷塣
ǣ۷嵽ףķҰм仹ɽ뺣
Ƭɽ֮תΪץϹˣԼĵ̲֧Լ롣
ҪָǰΪ磬ҪͷЩѹˡ
鵱ʱʮ־Ϊǰ·
סҲ¼ӣֱӼĦСǨ֮·
ԪسǺƤµߣȡһݲ֪᲻ٵĻԵ
׷ɱȵĳѪԵݣһۡ
ʵ֤ǶĶˣŵôɹҲָͻ;Ҫעĵط
صǣɽ֮ʱ˻
ûﻤһҲҪ
ɢ֣ڶɽٳһΪˡǶɲȥ𣬾ǱշΪ߱ɱȡ⡣
οҲһȫûк̨һǵһѡ
ֿ֮󣬲֪Ƕôֵϧ
ԪİԼͽܣûа˼
֮еҲȫϽҿ£ˡȫ󸮺
ԭڣȻû˵ҵҪӵܣȴ֪ġ



1789 һ£
һЩԵ֪̫ϻ̫Ħıһͳְλʵ»ָԪ񾳽磬ǧ
Ĺ̫ܹ˵һκԨս֮Уһħ̵ɢˡ
ֻһյĿ˥ȥѾԪľۼҪ졣
Ҳ顣
Ǽ˽ת󣬵ȻҪѱԪ̧̥תֻĽ׷פ
𣬷ȻҲϲ˶á
ΪѵǣķֻǸ϶ɣûж
仰˵ʵ˱ԪҪ˶ͻɢ
Ҳ̫ϻ׵˲һеҪͻƾԭڡ
ΪǾ㲻ȥһϣȥͶ̥һֱȥܿҲŲꡣ
ɽ磬ǸطԪ㣬Ԫ۷ԳŹֱֽǧ꣬Żɡ
磬ûԪҲǲ̫࣬ܿ꣬ͻԪɢ
ܻãûиȷ
ֻ֪һЩ׸֣˰ٶʱ򣬸оΪôҲ˻ͻȥ磬һǰ̡
ճı˸󺮣ˡ
ûдﵽԪƣֻҰĴһ㣬ȥȡһ
Ȼˡһ㣬ǵ֣׷ѭȥͬʱķҲһͬˡ
ӶϽû˻֣ʮֱ硣
ճĲ֮УֲѶƴļһ򣬺ܾܿʮ
飬Ȼת󣬼ûԼһǰ
ĽֺܿѾµģ綼
ûлԵֻܿా¡
ȵԪڵĴСٷٻ˽ʲô٣Ϊɻҡ
ܰȥΪûдﵽһҲվԪľ
οҪõҩȣ͵Ͷ˵ƴɱһСľһ

칬ͽܸ˾ְʥЩҲƺרĸճμθһģճʱҲᰵԵ⡣
Ȼ𱬣ȴǱȽϲˮסճҲɵ
Щֵֻܳռɽӳ̶𸮣Ҳڡ
Ͼʱǻ£ذһЩСС֣
£úǵӦ֣ʵʵͦǿġ
칬ʵճʥ֮⣬ˡ
ʥ˵ڴѪ
ֻҪ·ʱ⣬ͻᴿѪɹֱߵš
ܿܵʱ򣬶칬ֻһɼֳ
ʥðм˵ȣһգճʮֺʵмˣ
£
ʥһۣЩû
Ժճ֪֮ʿʱֵǮǧһŮжˣĸҲһ

ճΪͥ½̩ɽѹ֮ѹ£ȴû뵽ȫˡ
ų칬Żɽʮ֮ңѾƳͷ
֮ܺãôԶɽȺɽҲһһľĿûʲôֵġ
콫ڣȴŻɽԶѡһƽԭشӪ̡
չɭϣɱڡ
оǰرۡ
ôˣˡ
ʥе
𣿡
ʥ˫۷Ź⡢ǼżģѩŮЦʵ
ʥûѩŮ͵ǿͥԪ˧λȨأжֻ֪ۡȶǿˣб߱նħǴȼƹŷı
ȶǿǺˡѩŮͷճԼʦڣһҲû⣬һЦ
ʥ㣬λ㻹ϳ˭ˣ
̳߸ӡʵϵҪǿ࣬ȻҲ󣬿ȷǼΪ
Ԫس顣ֻ֪콫ǲ֪
Ͼ֮УԴƳʱ򣬾Ѿı˷
ûԪγȻҲû壬Ҳûι¡֣ⷽͥδš
ճЦĿʥ֪λڵɽǸ߸˧С㣬ŲһЩǧСձͨ
Թٷ֮ʱͻ߿֡
ԼȻ˵ӵ֮ʥԾɾɽҰһֻԶͥͳΪС
ٷʱ䣬ͥų׼ɣֻһ졣
һɸߵĽǰ̤ɽ
ôĵӣȻŻۣʥ֪η
ɤһ¡¡ɽۣлŰ¥С󸫣Եʮ㡣
ЩæŻǹ٣кϴ
ճ죬бۿ˵µСӣЦأúϵô
Ͷ䣬һźںĶм·ëϵã챨ҵİ²֮
ûðɣ뵽Լн񣬲òӣȵ˸ȷ棬콫ʥּս㡣жװ˳ɽ֣̻Ϊ촷ۣ
һŭұһ㣬˻ȥţһȥۣ˵飬
˻ӰӣָǸ߸ʥģϵֺûУֺ٣ҾͲȻ̩Ҳɣ
ȻŭӸͿ
ֱأ˺ƣһն£Ҫɽȫһ㡣
˫ţֽһӰѿգӲӲһ
ֱûɣ޸ĺ˼Ͼ˾ɫ
ӵƲˣԾգһӴ纣ֱ꣬þ֧穡
ֻڼغϣһһĸͱأҲ˹ྡྷ
һֱþ񷭷ɽѪ£ֱӪ̣ǲһͷ
չҲȥ׷Цŧ̫ˡһȥŰɡ
ܸɽȲʥ䡣
ճ΢㿴ˣӵΪȷѾԼˡ
˲˿˿Ƶ˴˷㼯תͻתѾתڡ
⻪̣֮䣬ƥ
ټǸһǧٽİӣ趯ºֵܹ
ԭʱѾתڣȵٳԾת𵤣¾ͻͻתǲ취ٽͺٴӮͻתĺӣҲһѹס겻롭
һˣճɵüᶨԼ͵չ˼
ͷͷÿ졣



1790 ȡ֮֮ϣ
һսͥˣû̫ա
ճ˰죬ſĿ
ʥæͷҲЩԣͥԸħʱ򣬶޵ʮ콫Ĵķաɴǣƣ޿ӱܡ
ѩŮһЦǰɵ˵ֻͥǹнġҿǺֻܿչʾһʵδĴսһ
źճͷ˫۷ɽ⣬ĻİҰ¶Ȼ˵ɫ
ү㿴ʲôˣʥֵ
Ҽţħħħȼλˣȫĺ˹ԶԶһԿء湻ʵҲ֪ʲô⣿ճ΢΢һЦ
ʥ΢΢㶣βŵЩ˵սֵܣճۣ鼫ãȭԿͥҲӦ
ѩŮüֵܸ鲻ŸǿɡΪβڻɽӪ֮࣬ԶԶġǲ֪ʱ׼׼ʱֻǰֵģ
ճҲֻۣ̾Ϣ壬ҲȫǺ첻µزµӢۺ֮ѹһɾʹ㼯ˡ
ָ΢΢Ž⣬ʥѩŮƤһĨԼɡ
ǰ鱦Ŀɨ֮ʱˣҲԼһ˫۾
ʥͷɻĿ
ͼڲԲããĴִ֮УĸλŽ֮ңƴ
ԣƲսĶûС
ǣǻ׼ʱߡңͥʮֹ˼ɣûΪеĴ㡣ڹ۷ء
˵ʥɵԼұ̶̲ﲻȻ
Ϊ⼸ϢһЩϤУҲڱ̶̲Ƹģ˵Լýһ常
ϵֵܣԭǿסġ
ʥ̾һ뵽Լǿ֮󣬵ȷмλһƽʵжȴûеġ
ѩŮ֮ûʲôӦ
ʥһСͼҷѣĴӻģʲôҵ鶼
ȵٳһЩǿسãһ쵱ֱʶֹթ
ЩһЩСС˽ģȫ֡
ճ֮ԽԼ鱨ƿɳȥİӣʵǿıѩġ
ڼʶֺڰ飬Ĵˮͺܲˡ
ԣ޽ţܱгģһǰ

ῴϷ˸߲ңɽսȴǴȻ졣
ȻǸϲģûҪ֣ʱͷϸݡ
ӪҲɱڣҲδȥģһԱӿ
ú̫Ҳ֮Ϊ׽㡣
˷
ոմò񫣬ʱһֱֱӭȥһƣЦ
˵С̫ӣδˣ̥ëδɣ˵󻰣㡣ȥ۷Ҵ٣ݹҰ²顣
˫֮˵ýˣǹ٣һɱ
սʮϣõضɽҡġһЩϸɽ壬˽沨ֱƳƽء
ɣ졭
һᣬԽԽˬƾ˼һø糵ƵģռϷ硣
Х񺿣̫Ͼ΢΢ˣ֪ȥԼʤ㲻ߡ
Էɽݣǿ
ۼգȻҲԼ
ɫһڣǴӷɱ˫ս¸պֱͥΪ̳񡣾ȻսһҰķš
Ҳ룬ҡһ䣬ͱͷۡ
ֱֻŻǹ籣שնն²ŷ֡αķߣͷͷȥ
ֶΣһȥ˷ˡ
ХһҲͷ𹿰ڵֻӲӲ
˾Ա£Ҿɽݡ
ɽȫͷӪ֮Уٲ¶ͷ
űüͷ˸ƣӪ󷨶ӨӨʹ⡣
ʵ˸ǿҲû뵽֪Ҫʧˡ
ͲԼϷεʵһֵͷϺεħʤǰܣʧٵġ
Ӵ𣬹ʮϣۼԼȻռϷ磬ȴǾþòȡʤͷˡ
һ嵱֣һҡһΣʹ˸
ճԶţǰһЦˣֶˣͲ֪̫ܷ񿴵ó
δ䣬ͼͻأֳһĺӣͬżףŻۣһݡ
Ӹһ֣Ҳ飬ֱһ£
⧲֮£ֻü˲һ£ͱһڼ粲֮ϣû䣬Ѫա
ܼҶ䳤ա
ʹһٹ˲ϴ򶷣ӻ磬һӻӪ̡
Ͻէ𣬽׷ո׷Ӫ֮ǰͼǰֲ㱦֣ɱ
һӰأһȥ
Ӫ죬֮䣬ŷо
Ȼһɼǿ𣬸֮ԼΧ˹
Ӳסͺ鷳ˡ
Ȼֵʤһľȴû
ֻǷһݣ˼Ȼһܽֱ뻨ɽ֮ˡ
лĺȽУ¶ٱۣ֮ԣƽ˾򣬶
ջͨͷ籦΢΢ɢһ㱦⣬ʹó˿ڵӹȻ׶񡣡
תͷ壺ý£ǲ򣿡
̫һҩһʹֱ飬Ҳʹα΢ѣֻнѹģʵر۾ǡɱ۾ϡ
Ŀ˻ɽһۣٶԣȻҪˡ
¶֣ȻȡͣĿǰ⻨ɽѾһӲͷͲǿ¡
˵۽ǵͬųЦͲá
У˧ǰս֮ʱо鲻дšҷսΪгӣ»Ⱥ
Ȼͬ
ֱĴŵĸоҲС
սȲ壬ԪΪȴǻҪǿ֡ټֳַұܸ˥ʤס
¶Ӫȥ



1791 ȡ֮֮£
ճһԿţ
ʹһķţɴ̫ӡԭʦð嶼ʶƲˡ
˵ݱ¸͵͸ûа취ˡ
Ҳ룬һͷһһӰֱͥš
һ·ƣֱǾ޴ɽͣ
ոչ֮ʱûзӦҲûܺãԺʱ졣ֻҪܸǰһΣӦþͲᱻʶơ
Ʒ˿ֻҪȥսԱֺܳһʱ䡣
ӵ˽Ҳȥš
֪ڶȻɣ˭ͫԿԼ
ֻ䣬ճҲִŴ̽һƣͼԱС֮ϡƲӳ֮У߸ŮŻɹ
Ϊ磬˹ȥٴλΪ˿ڶβŮͷ֮ϡ
ײ̫ã·;

ճʶԸշӦ֮󣬶ŹҲʮ㣬¾;ȥһп޵ķ졣
ַ˿ôûжʵѩŮҪ̫Զ֮۱˭ֶһ֡
ͲҪսֻǿз뱾Ӧ
һУ
ٲã̽һϢϤһ칬·ɡ
Ӵ칬ԵöʡԼǲ֪ʱ䣬֪·ˣǾͲ̫ˡ
ûкǰףԼôȥ̰úô
ǿж֣˷ϸԼܻܿһ³
ԣõİ취Ǹں硣
һ㣬˵Ѳѣ˵Ҳס
Ҫðպʱ֡

ͥ뿪֮󣬻ɽλȲ
ãһǵض
һͷǣ׳ĺڴ󺺹ЦΡ
͵ܶͥʤһʵʥ֮ǿϲɺءΪֱǰûϵδϡ
ԭǴϲһݡ̧ͷһдϲһܣͰţħ뻨ɽ֮С
ţħϵȫϲ
ƹѲֶʥ۲ѡ
λʶ֮ͥҲȥЩ˼֮ģţħ˵ԺҾͽƽʥ
ħҳƸʥ
ħҳƻʥ
ʨҳɽʥ
⨺ҳͨʥ
Ȯҳʥ
ߴʥ룬
ճԶţʥѩŮԪس繧û˵
ȫŻɽկĬĬԡ
ʱʥѩŮƤ۷δʧЧҲܿ
ֻ˷ӿ˿˿Ƶĵɫˣ۳ɴ󺣣ʵʡ
֮컯֮𣿡ʥȫ𾪡
֮Ҳ׳Ƶճ˵
һսӰ죬Ӵ¡ȵͥʽʥϢ½磬ʵ飬ʤʰ
ţħҲԷΪʥ֮ôȥɫˣȫȻǣҲЩţħǰΪʥἰţħ֮ʱûеһ常ˡ
ôֱˬӡ
ѩŮһðЦҲճͣԵνĲۣʥ֮˭ģ˭ı˭֪ࣿο˲ǵİո£ضö
ô˵ţħˣյĹȫҲùˣʥ׹
ճͷ
һû˵
ʥֻ֪һ棬˹ںδʵųԭڡ
ưܣһֱϵѾ˲á
֮ʱ˫ܾѾɢʷ֮УΪȻһأŶɽıǮ
ԭȻǴŮﲻǿΪһһ
տǺ˵ʵʲʯɾ߲ˡ
ŮȻûѪԵϵʵϾĺӡԣ
ͷɣݹ߰ɡ
Щ飬ʵ飬Ľġ
ճ̾Ϣ
ʥ˻ڵӿ˵ߵȼĹٶôߣ±˴⡣
ϧʥԶߣͲڴ˷磬ĳλзڴˣҲ̫¡
Ůôͥ˼䣬ûĴ˵
ûⷽ磬˲ӣƺӣҲû⡣

ճų칬תȥ֮ʱľţħħʥɫ뿪ɽ
ϳֵȵúܣʵϣ־޴֮£ܲʣܲܣֻǵʥʲôãôȫúˡ
ԣʲôģֻͺá
ճٺһЦǵν֮Աǣ²ٹƣų칬˻ع
ǽɽţЩӲҪɽˣҪǷκνԶ֮ɡȵͥٴַɽ֮󣬳칬ͿԾš
ǴôٴַΪΣ
ʥȵ
ĿԴ밡ǺӵӣôܰؼͷһƢҲˡʤˣ䱩뽾֮һ죬ȻǳĻ
ԣͥعأɭϵúܣһɶǲģв̤档Ǻѣȴܲùʮ߰棬ܡ
ʥЦúϲ£죬ƺ뵽ĳ
ݵճ̾үһоУǳ칬Ӵӡ
ƨĵúãճе⡣
ȴţֻϧӵЩˣ֪Щˣ
⣬ͷ纣һʵʵܾ֮ܿͿҪȡˡ
ѵ¯ָѹǵĳͷȡ֮
칬֮ǰĺʵ죬ͷȺ֡ȡ֮ʱȴйоأܴ졣
ΪղûнֻͣһԭǾʱؽͬȥӢ۲ɡ˲ˣʵ󽵡Ϸȡ֮֮
뵽ճɵһ񺮡



1792 ԭ㣨ϣ
ͬһʱ֮£ٸвͬչһǰͣ͡
ճһڶ칬оӪһ߱չĥԪ
۳ǳ䡣
ڵúܡ
ҲûһԼԪΪͻƵǰΣû̫취
û˶˼ӳΪʲôɲꡣ
ЩǶǼǧꡢԪᣬΪһֱû̫ûԭ
ʲôڣÿһǧѡ
ʱһͣһ
ʦ͵ѧĴƷɾת棬ȷٳɹȴġ
ر籾Դ֮
µϵɣӶࡣ
ɮô죿Ǿ뾡취ȥı㣬ȥȡÿԵ
ûлʱ򣬵ȻҲǾͲˣ޷ǾǺʵ
ֲ档
Ȼ⣬֮Уճͦġ
ΨһевǣʥôˣȻûһаŮ
ճʱɣԼ㻯ǲʲô⡣
ʲôȱݰɣûʲôʥ֣⣬Ҳû취Ρ
ʹʥ֮΢΢
һЦүɣλӺܿҼҸǧʱһŮ
𣿡
ţ˵ΪȼߣӳˣѪм̾ͻޣ뷱ܵ޽͡Ϊʱӻףһ֮ûкӣȫˡ
ʥճţ˵˶ʴ۵ŮȽ϶࣬ʵЩŮλ֮ǧ֮ʱΪ֮ʱЩŮδɵѾɢʷ֮СɵĶŮ֪࣬ľŮˡ
⻰ճȻҲٹעӵˣ˳Ȼá
УһйɣҲûҪȥǿиı䡣
ȻһЩ֮úþӪӦÿԸı䣬ֺαأ
׿Ƽչ磬ø߿ƼŪһֶҲЩ˲Ըġ
ճȻûдڽӴѹȻһЩ顣

ڻǵóԸ
ͥ뻨̫๦˷һϣ䲻˾ͷһûʵְʥλ
ң֮ͥнһ츮һ
ⷽ˵ʴʵһˡָغ庣磬һֱޱ߸
ΪϢˣλ½ʥһ͡
˹٣£Ǹʲô
ֻܵඡ
һ¾÷ˡ
ﶫ䣬ʱڻι塣
壬Ƹϡ֣ĵۣ¡
Ǿǡ巽ʮޡĴʮԪ巽ϡࡢӺȺ񣬾ֻԵ˴˳ƺ
նΣȥٲ
ййĺô
칬ʱ䣬ӾͰϵɣ˸顣
ǲǴ˶óһʥ
ðɣЩɶܻˡ
֪ʥôһ£ЦЦϻҪȥ
ϾͥϵģҲ͵ϵˡ˼ҺûгҷҾƣӹ򶼵øɡ
һɣݵˣνˡ
һΪӣöԷǿǳԲ˶ߣ޹ҵġ
ճʱúЦλʥͥһ⡣
ÿɶͿģ˭ûһ¡
ǺԼȫ⡣
ճʱ򲻵òһ񾭴ִ
˵񾭲󣬺ô칬ֻ첻ߵ顣
ľһܡڵң
ôһֱȥҲһֱĵϡ
ʱճ־λûʲôҰģҲûʲôֻ̫һѡ
ʱһĹȥӻڶ䣬֪ҹ
ճŮϵķ˿ȴǷĸоЩͬ
ǿʼæµ
ʱʱĽ԰ӣֻᵽ֯Ů˾װ㹬͢ᵽ԰һЩɶô
ǧƵǣĴͳ
ĸʥҪˡ
ճ̸֮еֵ֪˴ϲӣĸҪٿҴᣬ硣
ʱλյĴɲμʢᣬһһá
һЩ˵ǴҾһ飬̸˵أͬʱҲһ¿ڸ֮
ĳЩõСɣΪĴø
ϾͥҿĺóԣͬʱܶԪкô
˵ǧ꣺ǰһǧ꣬΢Сǧһ죬˳˳˵彡ᡣ
мһǧ꣬㻨ʵǧһ죬˳ϼٷϡ
һǧ꣬罺ˣǧһ죬˳٣ͬ
˵ʣճãӦɽϰԵĿ
жϣǧһģӦϴ裬˳ɾ壬ͬʱһǧ
ǧһģ÷ֱԪ񣬽塣ҲֱͻףҼԪ
ֱϼٷǲܵģΪ¡Ϊƿֶ
ĻôӣһǧģܳɣͥΪˡ
ϣʵԪ׾ͿԳˣٵûꡣĻǧҲڻ¡
ڲϣһ죬Ԫ׶ȻԱס
ǧƷ֣˿Գɣת壬ʱſԳƳȻų־Ž١
ΪĻһνԵӣɲ÷ɻһ÷ɻҡ
Ȼ˵ʵߵͣһ
Ϊǳ˳˿ԴǹΪĴɣΪˣҲý档
ıˮǿ϶ζˡǴ߼ţҲԼʡ



1793 ԭ㣨£
Ҵڽܹĵ׼ţճȴǲꡣ
ÿ쿴Щǲģȴûж
Ϊڻûн԰Ҷ
ֻжĺӽ԰֣˵߶λʥסʱһʲôСͲˡ
ı㲼ʱ͵һĵҪһġ

ͥĶɽĺ˻ûйϵ
ճڶ칬֮УȻʱʱıһ¹أʱιܡ
칬ŵӣʱѾɳȥ֡
ʦһ֣ʱѾ꣬Щڴ֮гɼҵ֦ɢҶ
һЩ¸ݸ֮УѾССҡ
ѩŮϸľӪ֮£һŴӶѾȥ
ӳ칬гȥŵӣʦûжô̡
ԭϣﵽĽʦǣϸ΢Ԫʦ¡
ȻеĵӲ̫óڸиҵ棬һ֮Ҫ͸һЩ
ֻҪﵽףͿԳߡ
Ԫ񾳸֣ĿǰΪֱֹֻýһõա
˲ųɳʣ˵Ĳ̫ߣճҲû̫⡣
ʥǴӹ¶֮ѰҵӽӵûжǰѰңǰ
ԽԽãԽȥҪСԽҪߡ
ÿ볯칬ĵӣһɸҵĹȥ
ЩѪΪĳĿ꣬Ը⸶һеļһ
һô̫ƽٲ˵ġÿ춼һЩС֡
һС츳ߵͣеġ
ӵ֮ͻȻãػĸм飬ʲôȲˡ
ǧˣȫĽ׵ĸ֣ٹһʱ䣬ܻܿһЩ׵ĸ֡
ճѾˡ
ǧӣš
Լǧӣ˵¡һȵؼ½֮ʱתۼ䣬һ֧սʦ
˵ȡ£Ǵţʱ֮ռݼݿǲѵġ
ΨһǵģӻôһЩˣȵ˰ˣͲԸӳ칬
һ㣬ճҲź֡
ˣѩŮ
ʦŵĴҲء

칬ճɽۣԪããռʡǨʱչ
翣롣
Ͻ󸮣ʱȴ硣
ճƲ룬ͷһ˿ңԵмֳ졣
ϯЦӯӯžơ
Ͻҵƽµ
ܹ֮ڶ˴ֱһֱδͣЪ
ϽٷЩݵȫأ۹ԽҺҵҪȫϵ
ʵԪ껣ҲɳԼ̫ǰϲ
ЩϽѾΪһָĴ壬Ӱ鲼ϱ𵱳Ҳضá
Ҫ֪ҵʱһ飬ŸĳͻƵ˲˼ĵز
ճЩһֱйעԴǴȥ֮󣬾δ
ճתͶ̥ɽ粻ãͷţѾˣƺѾȥ硣
ĬĬճߵĪϼķ֮ѾӺݡ
һΣ˺֮ҵĵλͳȹˡ
ҲЩ걼磬㹻ΪҲﵽԪ񾳡
Ļûġ
һͱûɶ׷ˣ̬΢΢Щü֮ȫƽ͡
Ǹճü֮ЩӢ֮лӨһΪѾ׺ڡ
żճ֮ʱᣬתʱȴպĺ顣
λϽþͿʼճĽʱҵλӡ
Ҷս磬Ҳȡ˺ܶɼԽ׳
ֵһǣСѾͷˡ
ѾܳΪСѾͷһѾʮ꣬ҪˣȴȻͬһ㣬ڵġ
һɽҲǵжΡ
Ͻһͷо񽣣һڼ֮
ڼˣڵġ
ƺûм˵ĸлӨλսΣңʱ仹һֱճ
磬˵ǸܶˣʲôʱҲȥܲܵȵ㳤ˣҹ·һѣʱôѿ
Ҫͨ˼빤ҾȥȻ͵͵ȥҲҲģճв
̾˿ʹˣԽԽ߶ÿ춼߶ʮΣ˵ʲô㲻ҪҪѡҸ˼޳ȥҪȻͳϹûҪˡ
ѧŹϧ߶šճڻСƽЦֻСϹţǿĵģ
СһǸ࣬һ죬˺ܶ࣬ÿ˵乧صĻҲһҲֵúܡ
Ϊʲôƽ͵̡
̫̫ͽˣϲһЩ¡
Ҳһƽá

Ͻҵְ
ٻŮȴǷӿ
ճľ֣ʮǰһͳɽҿϱĽ
ǷѾ𽥳֮ƣʮϢ֮ٻŮԪ𽥻ָ
ճѻλԼ֮󣬾Я̫ͬСٻȪꡣ
Ҫ޵żɱ
ǸջȻֵһᣬ籾ԣĳЩط򣬻Ǻܸġ
ճţճԪҲż
Ͼȱ磬

ɽ֮УΪƳ֮üɵĹϵӺת
Ƿ磬Ƕų̈˫ǻҫ
Щüһ½½ɳɹӢҲ˶ɽٳɵĹؿڣʵԽԽǿ
£Ҳûд̨ɵ⡣
ճĵڶԪΪĪ⣬ѹ磬öüҲ޿κΣֻðݡ
ճıԪѾ﴿ɾ磬ˣĵڶԪҲˮǴߡ
Ȼûɱ䣬ֶȴøӸ΢ֻҪ¶ֶΣܸѹ¡
һΣճĵڶԪϢͻƶüɵ΢ڶüű֮ϡüгϵӣһȫ˿Ԫ
һǷͨ·𱻸ˣǸӦʦһ˿ϵ
Ժ󣬶üɾҲҴ̨⣬ֻĬ־档
̨ɵķ·ͺãԼơҩһҲԼˣܻиõİš

磬ײϵģϵɹɾ飬ǧͬ𣬻Ѿȥ˳׼ĶԹ
̡ˣҲʷĳ
˴Ǭʵۣճһֱ񾩰ٻ԰УѾһȻĴ˵
ֵһǣ̫ϵʥŮ壬һ걻֮һֱû뿪ٻ԰

ΨһճźǣԼļ磬ЦЩǣȴǲͬһʱգȫҲģ
ֻϣԼһ㣬ȵʵƿʱյĵزܻصԭ㡣



1794 Եܴϣ
һգճϾƺĴƮɢˮƶ⡣
ԶХңң½ŵϰա
ϲۣ߲Ө⣬ճ֪ʥϷˮ
ΪȻɽҲסùˣܻᵽȥһᡣҪҪּ׺͵Ļ£Ԫˮ
߽ɾѾԶûʲôȸУΪĽλǺִŵġ
֮ճȻ˽ʲôõĹҲᴫڸ
ʦµķţȻҺҴڣ֮еĴطȴǿԽ̵ġ
ʥ⣬ΪԼ̶̲Ĺǲûи޵ͷȼϰԪˮĽ̸֮ıˡ
⼸꣬Ԫˮ֮Ԫֱ࣬ǰˡ֪ˣ֮ǰ͵͵İ̷ҲڱĳλС
ճ⣬ԪͻȻһվ涼ϲɫ
ڵȵˣʴ۾Ȼǲ԰ļܣҲʵ̫쿪⻹ģ
ճҲ칬ˣԭʹһֱ֣ƿա
תݵؽֱⷨԶԶĤš
Σ΢΢ʹ
ǰһ޴ͨͨ¥Ũûɫ֮ȥ֮⡣
Ǿˡ
ճ֪ɽʵҲһ磬ʷԭ򣬱Ƴش
Ҫ磬һˣֻš
ȻŽ쿴ţԶžֹ
ճ˵Ⲣûʲôá
ԹˣԼֻҪתƭЩĶĿ
Ǹ߸¥֮ϵҲղԼӰ
ᷢѶ
֪ʦڷ̫߶ˣΪ黤ԭʡϢεķţȻƽһߵĲΡ
˷ܹ͵͵ɽ磬չһ¡
ճҲȥϸԭ
ţЧģǷͱ˫á
̸е֪ĸʥڼ䣬ҴῪ磬ͥʹز㡣
ˣɹۣ˵ʥһ쵽¡߶ңǷңǵ˵ʱ䣬λɼ֮ġһ¸ȥ⻵ͥ
ΪȻգȨ԰
ǸвҲǸĴ߶ĲʹĿȻ԰
Ϳһã˰ţȶһʹ֣ú߶ͽ¶ˡ
ճķ˿֮ϣӰ˵ҵȽȻһʹǣҪ쿴жӳ죬ʥλˣһ쵽Ѽˣʱ䡣
Ӿ͵ĸԷɣԼ԰ӣûôµĹ˼ɣԺֱӽ԰ʥȻһεĹ£ȥ
ɫЦЦһԹԴ˵ֻػǹС
ڽþ֣ʣڴʲô⣿ǲǿλɹ٣ˣ
Ϲ˵ǡɫһ죬ŰֵɲҺǴУҾͲˡ
˵˵ЦʲôӴʵ
ǣǲʥ԰Ӵ𣿹ҿǴӷɵģԺϰԺ˽⡣
ãµʲôҲҪ˵·ҵ壬˵ǷݲǱָɵġ
˵һ䣬΢΢ĴһظֵЩ飬ǵݣ˵ͷ¼ɡ
˵ͷǡ

ճϸһЦ˳㡣
ķ˿δȴǻΪһỊ̃Ĵܹ˼ҵ԰
԰澲ĵģŰ졣ŵĴŴʱλ潹ǵվ
һļİͷ붼Ѿ˵¡׽Źɫ߲ľȣʱʱ͵һ԰ڷû˵ֻ̾
Ӧþ԰عˣǸ彡׳ŹͭɫçӦþǹ԰ʿרӻġ
ճףһͣƺһ
Ա߻λ־ţ۹۱Ǳǹġ
ճվãȻ֪λʴȥ츮̺һ͵ˡ
пܻ縺ͨ籨ŵĹ
ôͺܹŹˡӵһһͥʴУһֱûʲôܡô͵ӣɵңͥⲻǳԱû¸֮֮һ־磿
־Ҳãδ
ʴʲôճȥ£ȴĶ˼ֽ
ԭƻ䣬·ʽøһģúӷ֣Ҳκһ˷
ճһᣬͿʼж
԰ܣһЩϸС۷˽ŷɹĵһͻΪһֻɫСָͷС۷䡣
դɹ԰ӡ
࣡
⴩ֽ
ճ۷䣬һϸԪ㣬뵽԰ڡоŵҵζԪζϸҲ㷢롢
һɲ⣬ֱ
ǿѹ񣬷ȥһƬֱӯӯҶ΢΢ɫ⡣
ۺ컨䡢ʵ۴ĹҶƬ֮䡣
ҡȻʹ񣬹ŵζƮƮɡʳָ󶯡
ճûлժӴһ١



1795 Եܴ£
ⲻֺӣȫ̫ˡңҲ̲סԡ
ճҡҡͷӶϸĳУ
ȵҵģȻ治ö֡
ռؼܼǧ꣬ʽ״ķֳ򡭡һȥԽߣԽԸߴ
˲аӣŹߴߴ׽ʵ
ճٶȣĵ֦Ҷ֮ϡ
ʮָߴ֦ҶβҶƬ֮·
̽ȥܷ֣ʢŷһ磬ʱ޿̲ڲ֮
ЩϵԸӴ
͸ôǧҶƬȥͼһֻϣ˫ֱһʺңڿš
һ߳ԻһС棬óԡ
һʥա
ȴԭ԰ءʿȫָӳ԰Լһ͵͵Ĵسԡ
ô
ճֱۡ
ھͳԸɾһӣҺ½
ǻʬһ𼣣뱻˷֣ԭҲɵ
ţӸ֣ͣժһţ󣬳ԵǸҡ
ӦþǾǧһĴˣӵҲʶһĶõĳԡУҲÿʼ֡ԹˣҪ͵ңҲֻժһЩǧꡢǧˡ
ճĿȥͷ֣ʵࡣúӷſԣò˶ã԰һŴҶҲ
£Ҳ飬ܹĿĵƵ䣬׼һŴҡų˹ȥ佫
й·ϣ͸ĴϢʧˡ
ȴѾճ뵽鶴֮С
СѾͷֽסЦʮֻϲ
ҲҪԣؽеֻһҪ
԰ɣ԰ɣܶ㲻ɡճĻ˻֣͵һŽ
Ҳ̲סһ鶴һһСŮüЦģڶԵ֭ˮ
ҧƱƤһɾӨҺ븹ճֻо޴ҸͷӡƮϣûع

䶯ţͻȻʢâƺһЩ֮⡣
Ԫ棬С
ʵѵõı
ҵСҵá
ճ˰ʮĴƷɾѾûΪһ֮ͻȻС
ֻǰҿһϸɴֹ֮ɡ
һ飬忴ĹʱƷ
һԪ̫С̺֮ͳһ
ֺȻͥĴ֮
֮£겻׳Ԫ񾳽缱
߽ڣͻƣ߽׺ڡ
䡭
ճԺ֮һըһΡ
Ԫ˷ӣĵ̽鶴̽԰ֻԪ׺ͣ˼зΧһࡣ
Ϸӿţһֳʵǿ
ʵĸоʮˡ
ãСѾͷҲһ˹˶һۣ˼Ϊãȥժ
ճ˵һ仰»Ϊ۷˶飬ѹǶ֮Ҳһֳܲҡ
齿Ӧ¡
ճ²æųˣ͸׽Բһ㣬ĳλʥĵĵģѴӽ֮С
Ҳ̫̰ģÿϳӣֻժȡһ롣
ңҲǰժȡǼժ
ǧܶ࣬ʵһŴҾͺܲˡ
ճһ·ɨȵԼҶѾ˽ǧöң뿪Ƭ֡
ǧһժòˣȻȥǧһĵط
ЩҪСһЩ
Թ˴ңճСȻȤǺܴ󡣲ôҲңֲỵ
Ժ󲻹Ǵͣ¶õţһҲ
֪ҴᣬͱӽˡǱԭ򣬶԰ľǧңԵһʣժһա
ǧһңֻһӣǧһĳСңҲֻժĶƤ
ز
ճźӣһҾͳҰɣһ˾Ȼ԰ǧҶԸ⡭
ж
˺ӲԼ
ճҲ
ź͵ҵĵڣѹһ֮ճͶ㵽鶴سԡ
Ȼ붴֮УͰ黯ΪһƬҶҲûܿó
ˣΪʲôԵͣ
ʱ䣬ճڶҲûȥֻһĳҡ
Ա˾ϥ˹
ȵǶѴǧŽĶǸ֮ŷ֣ԼʱֻǳԸζԪѾ˿
տʼ󣬺ÿһŶڵݼ˺ûá
ճ̾һδϧֻǵ۷壬ͻư˽Ԫ񻹲һ롣ûһͻƣ̫ϧˡ
Ͼľת𵤣֪᲻Ԫаճһӣϸϸ˼
⼸ӳԵЩ̫࣬˷Ҳá
뵽ʥǣճ̣ס첻ԡ
ѾͷֻǳţͶûȤˡ
֮뷨ࡣ
ճƣֻ̰ͼ̲֮ŵ򣬲û̫ڸ֮
õĹ֮СѾͷܵçԴ½ˣȥˡ
ʱƬ½Ѿ֮Ϊʵ壬ÿ컹š
ʱٶѾͣ
ճƣҪȵԼһ֮󣬲Żٴ

Ȼǿʥүô
дһ
ճæöҶ֮䣬ͼһⷭų԰ӣֱʶȥ
԰̨ͤԱߣλŮһԡ
Զ϶԰ʿ츮λȫŴͣŹƣŵľš
Ƕ԰Ůɹȫסˣ԰
ճһ۾Ϳˣôһ¡
ŮֱŵĹ֪⼸λȻĸ֮ǰժ׼ϯ
ҪдˣˮȻҪʣʱſժ
Ҫ磬СɾҪ٣ǴʱǰժҲʱá
û뵽ժ֮ǰͱӴסˡѯҴᵽЩˣûԼλʥ
ӵȻʲô˵ʲôֱ˵ûС
һ£Ӿֿʼˡ
ʲôˣʥʲô˼ƽġѵͳԲһӣô˶ңд
㲻룬Ըȥ
ӵ뷨棬ҲûëֱԼȥˡ
ճϵķ˿˽⵽ӵľٶ˿סӣ۾һ
Ȼ⼸λŮʲô޳ܹôӶɡ
ֻţķչ͵֮󣬺ȶɾƣȻᰴԭеĹ켣ֱ̫Ͼ춵ʹ͵ϾΪ۵Ԫ׼ľת𵤡
Եɲܴ



1796 һҪ³ϣ
ճȻ˾뿪԰
԰һϣһƬҶ΢΢ζͻΡһֻо壬΢΢
ҰһٳԵ㣬Ѫëҡϧ˻ԵС
ճĴһпޱʢض죬ȴǱԼƵ鶴Ҫ̫ˡ
̾ţ䣬ȥΣ԰ȥ
ոߵſڣоһȥ
ӳӣȴҲǴ˵ǰʵϣͦ͵츳԰һųʣµҺˣȫʬ𼣣߲֪صȥˡ
һʵͥвû㹻֤ݡΪ͵ңֻһֲ²⣬һƶϡ˵Ȼ͵ǺӣͲ쿪Ĳ²⻹бҲ֣վǲ̫գͥҲ¹һۼ
ɻǵԼһ˿ϣˣȻȡ
ôһͲøһ㣬ͥһĿ֤ˡúһأҲܷġ
뵽
ճ΢΢Цתͷֳ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ӰζѾɼëë·һһգҡҡλεģǰ
˵յ˽⣬ճҿ϶ձ֮⣬ҪԼˡ
ɵĺӣ̬ǷԼϢһģһϾʦͬţõҲͬʮ䡣
ӵǣﻹһˮ۴ңҹĹģ֭ˮ졣
óԣ̫óˡճһڳԵû֣һΧӺصתתȥ
ӼƤӶˣͫǾĹâȴıﵽЩʲô
ˣˣӾȻԵ͵ҳԡŪãҲҪܷô̯ôһȨ£
Щȫסǵʵһʱ䣬Լǽⲻ˵ġԹǧֱϣҲûá
ճѧźеļϸ߿һ߳һЦҺεݣһᣬҲңĿˡˣǲҶûóԣһԲˣ۹ĸѰҶͣ
һԾĵӸǰͼλŮС۽ѾŶ䡣֪ӦҲˣԼõĲ°첻ãº׷Ȼһٺôⲻ˵ġ
Ͼûժӡ
ĸһԴ˵ӡ
뵽Լķ˿Ϻܳʱ䣬ҲǵٺôСǸ顣
һⲻ˵ģǾͲͳһ㲹
ճǰȥֳȥӵͷأ˵ţޱޣǿһ˳ԣίǲҪҲԱˣҾ͸ɡ
£ϢջԼķ˿ȡˮգſӾֵֱȥ
˵Ҳ֣ҹҧŴ࣬㣬ʵڼ
ǹһ㡣
Ȼһͷ˿ˣҲʣ⻹û˿Ѷȵ븹
һֱȴȻȻĶܡ
̫óˡ
ճЦˣﻹҪȥȾƳ硣԰Ҳգû˼̫û˼ˡ
˵꣬лóһ𹿰һҡΣŶƤ뿪԰
ڷУ֡

һߣʵ˺͵ҵճûʲô֮ġ
Լ㲻԰ʵȻᱻ̣һɶԵ޷ǾǳԸҲûˡ
˵Ҳ˷ˡ
ЩӣӵжΧͥڣһ
ʱȥغڡ
յӣȻ֪кóԵĺúȵģôҲ̲˵ġ
ҪԺȲţ϶Ϊǿȥǿǿȡ
ȻأѭžƲζߣͨĴͽһ
ճӰУͼǺɵˣ˯㡣
˯桭ðɣ˵Ըˡ
ճһ۾ϳЩʲôУ
Ʒɾ֮мصĸСһ˯ķ
棬ӰΡɷֻҪմţͻ룬˯ûȥ
ڶߣɱԴƵҲѲġ
һУճҲǻġ
ո߾᰸ϯһ˶ӵӣһ̣һ̡
ʲôκͷ裬ɴʰζȣֱԵڵء
ҺͬٲһģУͣͣġ
˭˵ӳأ
ճöЩʹЩƲˡ
ҲȥţֻȺӳԵֱãԲȦ߳ʩʩȻķһ߾Ʋ
ֲƷҲˣʼɣԼһЩȥڸϯһ
ҪǾˮѵãճȫ붴һ̳ûʣ¡
ͥҺһ𲻳ҲûôԭϡǲúȣҲ֪Լڸɻ£ȵô
ճץһֻƿһڣֻ֪ϦϦƣǳûˣȻ³ң
̾һҲͣ죬һںȸƿˮȫǸж
ͷһƿдֹǡ
һǣĪȻǺþơҲ֪λۺø
ճ֪ǽڼ̾ˡ
ӦкҡҡλεѾԶҲٵ飬ԶԶ
˵Ҳ֣칬һߣ;Ȼûһˡ
칫˴δ籾һ١



1797 һҪ³£
ããٹᣬĿƲǽ壬ǻңһʱ컬Ե̫ˣˣظ˯ȥҲ
Ǿȹ顣
ںŶԷԼﻰҲ˵˳
ճֱЦöʹ
Թ˼ҵңĸ磬һܽҹģ浱Լƽ룬ô𣿡
˯
ճҡҡͷԳһθúܽĸ¾ĺӻᷢԼ
ҴܷˣͲǵԼ츮ģ
ףô͵˶칬ⲻ̫ϾסҲãòĶŽվ⣬ȥһȡ
ջ˻Դʹǰҿ˺һᣬŵײײĴڡ
ʹĵģټ칬˼ֻԶ¯ܣأȼŻ
ţȴҲû룬˻⣬ֻȥ
ճȴ֪峡ôһ¡
߶֮ʱ˵ճʱʱ֣̫Ͼȼƹŷ߸굤̨Ͻͯɽɹ١
Щ˾һ߶ζ֮ʱ˻˻Ե
ճҲģǰҲȥ۵ˡ
ͷңߴƷ֮УܼͤӰ
Ȼ뵤Զ
ãǸǺֻҪźö;Źת𵤣̫Ͼõĵҩɱ𱻺ӳԹˡ
ֱ뵤ճһҲ˲¶μΪһ磬ֱҡ
ʱɲܵȣһȾͻˡ
뵤ͼһֻ«ͷߡ
һſԲӲӵĵֱУһĨ
Կԡ
ҧŵ裬ͬŶһ㣬㡣
ǽ𵤹ǿţ𶯣ƢճоԼȫѪҺ
ܴת𵤿϶ǶԾתа
ճŹŹ֣ΣգǻԵܻŸӦ
ʱһ𵤣ףһΣԼľתΪҲ׷ϺӣԺҲиͻơ
ת棬ԼӦźܴ
Ǻӵһ«ҩ컹㣬һֻѾץԱߵĺ«ճ󼱣ٲɡ
硭
ھһɶ磬¯Ʈҡ졣
һץһֻ«Ե𾢣һȻͷݣⶼ֡
ʱճػΪӰΣӺתǴܵǰѸײڶ֮ƣץʣµ«㵹鶴һ
ֻһʱ䣬Ͱ«ٿŽȫ㵹ڶ֮ڣȻŵİѺ«ַŻԭأûзһ˿졣
ջͷţû˼üͷ壬ƺǲ⡣
˻ԴԼǺˣҲۻΣû
ϧ⴦ڴŽƣԪӦ顣
õҩųԡ
«ҩ˫߳Ϲ졣쳤Хһ־Աߵĺ«
ţ
յģ
һ㶣˫ţֻ«ҡҡһǿյģӿ˾޴ʧ
ȻûԹ񫡣
תҩӴ󣬺ȻΪûгԱΰѾá
ͷʱδı仯ճһȴǿ÷
ͼǺнë⣬һȦȦɫⲨ˷ӿš
ȫĽžžž籬ȼ죬ܴͬһͻأɡ
һϽâǣ̫ͬ㷢ҫĿ
âһһߴΡ
ϡ

ǿԵϢɨ˵һǰ¯˳õߡ
֮г˽ȫɢ䡣
һЩľȻ
һһãǰڰգͷһԼ壬ס
нֱߣͷϰڣȴǹǣˡ
תɣҵѾͻƵ˽ɲˡ
۾գƺԼ۾ĸоȴʵ顣
ĹãȻͻȻһ߸ߡ
ãĸʥϾɵⳡĴˡǰΣʱ·϶Ȼ¶μǵ֪ͥ㣡ߣߣ½ΪȥҲ
תȦҲ룬Ҳȥ츮˶ʹһֱţ½ȥˡ
ߵùϡ
ճȴĶˣΣҲһֱ̲ͣ½ȥ
ӳ˽𵤣תڣֱӴﵽת۷壬ƿƿֱת
ң棬дתҩת磬ǰٽһ㡣
ճͣ޲ҲѾת̷ֱȻҲͻơ
֪á
̫ϾĵҩôóԵġ
ףҪ˼Ҳ֣ǧѡ
Ҳкܶˣٲǵʥ˵ɷⲢճ
֪ϾȻƣȴ˺Ū
ӳĵҩһҪ³
ճԽ𵤣ȴȱܿͷҸȫڣһһŵа˿ҩ֮С
ǸϾ͵ľת𵤣ץҰ
ǲ̫ɵ
ţճ͵һֱӻ˶칬
ûͷȥͥʱӦѾҳһϡࡣ˵޵̿



1798 ٣ϣ
ճ˳칬ֳʱ͵֮ʱĳϸϸƷһòԣʱ̷
ֻǽʥѩŮˣ£칬ΡˣѩŮȥɽӳ̶Ҳ˵һ˵绨ɽʵ֮ͷ
˼ճɫ࣬ǰδҲҶʣֻǰ¡
ʱ֮󣬴˴ͱûɽżţȫޡһһԱʿȴǶ
ߣȴĴǰģɳһŶҪѴʱתԪҹܾ洦ҩ壬ȥչңܣҩֱ嶷ţе֮ʿУҹ֮һŵĵݣѰ·
ҲԣӱһûʶģԸԴúܣӢҲôܶأȴˡ
ճʧһЦԼ֮ĶȺ֮ȴǴ
үǷˣ
ʥʵЩǡ
ճıһЩ飬Ȼ̫Ҳܲµ
ɽӦ䣬֪ʱȽա
Ҳ޴󰭣ҿġţ⣬ͥٴηΧ˻ɽ˴ζȻȫԸǶؽ磬ɽСҪùڶ濴žУǧҪ󡣡
˵ͷ
ճ룬ЦҿģԸңú޳һԪ꣬ƹƾ
˵
һڹ֮Уϼǧ˱ǣ˲Ρ
ң߲ϼ⣬үǴ˵оǧһ죬һɳɹǡ
ĪҪʣֻܳԣ֮Ĩ죬Һ˽Ҳ
°ҵ˹ȥ
ʥûԽǼʶ㣬ԽִǺεѵá
ʥ˵ԼδҳԹһöһ꣬ظ磬ʱԵҲǧһСҡ
㣬ظ֮ѣ˰ꡣ
˵ҲԪ񣬴Ϊ֮·ߵøǳԶ
Ҫǣζѵãһȫͨ
ʥص̶̲֮£̾˺þáֱԼ̶̲ȻС֮Уȴʵʲô㲻ϣҵʸûС
ʥһ˵ڼ˸ȫ𾪣Ҳ
ʱ˭֪ôģǧһĴңֻдַ죬ŹλĴɡ
ˣķˡ
ôҳԣͥ鷳
ʲôֻǵʦ¡ѩŮЦ׽һң΢΢ƽľһҧ¡
ڡ
˫۷ֱ븹֮΢˫Ŀ̾óԡ
ʥЦһү˵ﻰȻԵֻǲŰˣвԵĵ
ҲƵùӣãŲϸϸҧһڣҸ顣
ЦЦû˵ֱһ
Ԫسһ£һۣʵҲзݣ
ٷϻûóÿһǻȫܳȥ
ǣʦ
Ȼ۾΢΢ʪ󣬽ӹӣͷ΢΢μ
ǰ·ͶʦʼʱٻһЩͶúͽת̬ѳ칬ԼļһʱˣһУйġ
˴ʱŶԷǧһ֮ҲóԼãʿΪ֪̬
ȫȫʦ
ճûôϷԹˣֻǳζȻôԶ壬Ҳ̫˷һЩΪԺҲһЩǡ
ֻԺҪЩӶɵҩУŴ󹦵µӡԷ˶ӣ¶
ǰ⼸ˣŲ̫ɵ˵ҵ顣һ˵˱˲ţ˵Ҳˣ֪ͥȾǴ
˳ԵþճȻһЦͳһҳһͬԡ
ͬʱһ̳ӣϼԾңһζ
һ£վɿ
ʥøèƵģֲʣֻзҹ˾֮ʱúʣôģ
һкö¶˵úúһУ
ʱ̶̲ʥڳűŮɫᾪӡ
ﻹԼǸ԰Ůȫʱʱίί⣬ҸÿҪˡ

һôϸʣгʱ
˹һɾƣ֮УŰһ죬칬ŻһΡ
Ԫӿţˮ
תͷŻֻ֮ᤡ֣ɱ֮ء
ͬһ콫֧ѹ֮Ѿѹ½硣
ʮ˼޵Ĵ߸̫ӣʮޡǹ١ʮԪ巽СֵܡǶϱ¡࡭ͥսȫˡ
ʥŴС죬˵ﵽ˶Ļ°
Ϊ˽ｻιλȻ㲻úܸߣ浹ϵã̴ͥʲô
ȫԸ
㳲˰һֻǳһԱһȷ棬ڵȫͬն
Ҳûзʲô˵ͥӦˡ
̣ճҲǰ档
ʵҲ벻־ƣƾʲôô
ѵգк󵨣
żɻճǺЦ԰ĴСҷǳȫԹˣ͵ƳԾ˾Ʋˣĸʥͬʱž̫Ͼļ«תҲ͵ˡ
ðɣǴˣżɫˢһòҰס
ģ£ķġ
ճɹЦһ鰴ƣڼҴţҪȥս֡
˵꣬ʹһʹݵؽⷨһԾ͵˻ɽ



1799 ٣£
ջصɽȫûаͷľţӣһپƲ̼ŵƨ¡
½һЩŽŻ
ʵʱ̫ãδۣʱػᣬȤޱߡ
ȵþˣЩӵĻ죬µ˫۷Ź⣬⡣
룬־ùⲻȥʹһƣֵء˼̳˽ڽ
С֮䣬ͻƱɫɱкﱨϣˣˣоŸ񣬿ڳϽսʥ
ݵᣬоƽĪǰǣհѾյһƣ˫ۣš
ȼ䣬һСС˽ŸԻǾǾ
ҡͷֻʫͼ֣ʼʱɡ
ĽʮȻȲʽеȡ
δ䣬һС˽ˣǾŸѾɱ˽ɽѾʬҰ
ˣ
һɸߣִӶͳӭһΣͳ˳ȥ
װȥˡ
ŭͷ𣬶򵨱ɱڵľȥӭս
֪ϻȫͬԷûô˵սܿɽ
ʮܺɱҲɫ䡣
Գñӭսȥ
һɱ
ֻѪˣɱ糱
ɽҰŽ׵콫һ·ɱţоŸĸߴ󣬶ɷ׳Ÿɫ
Ͷ֮䣬߲ǴƬСɻҷɡ
ɽִͥݿ
ͨ죬һӰʹ
ëҷһɽ
һ⣬ҼХȥ
Ҫ󣡡
һҲȥɱЩˣֻǴɢȫ
ΧվһҴ

ճڻɽһ࣬Ƥֱ
ھпУǿˣֿͥݰ
ֻôһᣬʮ˼޵Ȼѹ£ͰѻɽΧˮͨһֻӬûӳȥ
һЩｫƲÿ죬ȥˮն֮פأһ֮⡣ʮǱܾǱɱ
ףƮƮĻɽʱѪ纣Ƭɽ嶼ȾˣɽϪȺѪ
ӳž⣬þǾƣûãͥʱء
˽ˡ
սƣĴΧǰǣƣʮսгɱ
սʮɣɱ
һɽѡ
ǶָǸ֣һ֧̻ԡ
ͬһ㣬¡¡սûȡ
ͥսƣ꣬żһΧţɱذ
ԣӴ죬һԱսûɱɱǧԼʮֱǴܿ䣬ƫƫһ㶼δ
ճǣǺ»ӰĺʵѵôΧ¶
Ǵ彻ʱսǿࡣ
Ͻһ֮ӷˣײҲȫƾӲ
ͥӪʽȥһ⡣ҼϽһɷĩ
תĹͣоת𵤵ĵ֣ԳɾĽղ
ճ⣬ԼϳʱҲƺӵĽ
ּʵôƵţճȻ˼ҡҡͷֻ׽˲ˡ
˫طн壬оתơ
붯뺳ѡ
ճҲϰľת⣬Ҫ֪ת˴޽ɼսֱ˼
ʮԱսвɼ֣ŸŷдУոǿúܡ
˵ǵԺӣҲܴʮУ¶ࡣ
ǣɱ֮󣬵ȺӴӣֻأɽ˾ֻܱãٲ࿹
һֺε
ңû¡Ҵ㣬һһѪ⻹ô
Χž޴󻯵ĺһΧ£ֱûɽ˰ߣ䡣
ȴģһëû˵ϽԽԽʢ
ⳡսֻսӰбͥڽЩˡ
Ųǰ취ôҲò¶ֻ֣ͥձ
Ӽ״˫ۣЦһɱ¶ɣ뿪õ
һץǧëһɽҰͳ׺ף׷һɱ
ףȻÿбһսȻֵòãͻϮ֮£ȴһɱ֡
Уճѧġ
ӦǾתת֮󣬷֮Ҳ
ţЩĽëˡ
ԼҪô˰ͷǧ˿ûİ취ˡ
ܲܰ˿ӳëɣ
ȲðȲáȺǺ츳
һɱ콫Ǳߣȴһת۾
ĴǾʮޣĺ׷ŴҲǴʧߡ
һֱ׷Щ˲סţӪ̣ͼ
˴ʱֹסŲհӪ
ԷԴֺܲҪȺΧһ취Ҳûˡ
ôҲɱն˼ԱСҲǰɽ˳
ʤ
ջӪֻǧɽսǱܡ֮£ĽԣȾҲû˼ˡ
ͥӪ̣дԪ˧ȴһ漱£ֱϾױѷɡͽ
ճǵѶ⣬ֱͥȻ̾Ϣ
һս磬ȴƵ£עɱ̾
սֵܣʱȴӰӶ֪㵽ĸڹս
ԽͥҲ
ϣͥһսɣʱٳսɽ
ǱߣѾͥҪ̡֣̫Ͼ˫ƣеĽҲҪӳ
Ϊһͥսģ٣



1800 죨ϣ
ү
ʦ
ճص칬ʥѩŮԪæӭ
طԸҳ󷨷Χֻɱ죬ʹҫĿһֱϰţŻ᲻š
ڣͥƺûɽҰᣬֻǶŻɽȺ幥⵹ü԰һЩ
ź紵˱ǶŨѪζöȫͷ
աˮϷĳҲ
һƬͰĶ򣬴ʱѾĵġֻ˽ˮ죬޶˶˵ľһ
࣬ͬܡ
׷ң·;֮ϣûԸͷϻһӡ
ҲҲţνҰԻ߸ԣʼվһЦ
ûˣսգֻҪǲȥ֣뻨ɽһͲ¡ͥҲǲģȻĺݣȴڻǨŭˡ
ʥоɫճο
ǡʥս𣿡
ʥĬһ£ʵ
һֱǳƺΪʱʽԾľͳΪʥˡҲ壬Ҳͬ飬鸴ӵúܡ
ʤ̰ܡ
ͥκβĸʱ֮ãڱ˰ӪԮ
Ԯ
˰̾һﶼ˷߷֮ɫ
ѩŮɫأһ·λʥһǷɻ䣬Ѿڽӡ
ѩŮ㿴ʲô𣿡
ҿ˼ʷ飬ҲЩ򡣰˵ֻ½ռɽΪ̸ͥʲôвҪ˵ĳһЦЩˣʴΪλŲţнΧˣֶΡȣͣЪжȻŲΪ֪֮ĵ
ǰѩŮ˵öԣʥ壬ţ޵ؽ磬ǱݵˡĲ˵˵ɽţħҲӴʮХһҲûַͥǧͥ½ల¡
ѩŮԣʥҲЩȻɻ
ճͷЦͥǳʲôĿģǶȥҲ²⡣Ҳǣֻϧɽɽ壬ʮֻʣǧ࣬ǽһҡ
⣬Ͳȥˡ
ʵϣЩԼƾϹŴţԼż˿켣ڲ²ţʵҲҲʲô֤ݡ
ʲôˣʲôţЩʥ̫ԶһЩ˵̫࣬ǵġ
ԼĳһҪǿȡ˼ˣǻ᲻Ļ˼ɣ᲻Ầµͥ¡
ѩŮϾģеĲͬѰ֮һ¡
ʵѩŮʥˣԪسҲȻɫȻ˺ܶණ
ֻЩ岻֣ԡ
һֵø˵£ǳ֮ΪȫһЩ
ֽͼӰ
ʥ۷壬ʱԪǿ󣬵ѵһšֻҪССıһιأȫһκôֱӲ߽ɾ硣
Ϊ棬׷Ҹױ̶̲ʥ
ˣȻǣȴݹһЩϲ⡣
裬ԽԽ𱬵Ҳĥ࣬ӦԪˮгˡǰһҳ£̾ͻɾ硣
ҲǿǰƲ̫ȣǿѹΪûȫ񶼷˿Ϊ棬ġ
ԪسԼѩŮˣǱΪϵͣʱҲ쵽ٽ㡣
ѩŮճҵʱĸǷѧδͻס
ôЩȥ˻Ԫ澭ͨ澭֮Խѵ׺ڡ
ھǧҵƶ£һۺƥ磬ճоϢȵɽļ˶Ҫǿ١
Ҫ˶ãǳ칬ͻٳĸɣһɣǿϲɺˡ
ȫʦүȫ˷ܿл
ЦЦ촽˶˵ʲôû˵
ճ֪˼ͷСšʮǣʱ㵤ҩһ֮İɡһЩ츳ǿĵӣҲϤ
СšʮʮţⲻǱţУǵһѷ˳
֪Ϊûʲôֵ츳֣֮ʱճߣԾͽСߡ
С֮ǰһЩ㣬츳ϺõģȴǴɺ±ߣˮ̵ˡ
෱࣬ʳսС㣬СϺף費ÿʱÿ̶ԼС㣬п˲ʱ
ûгЩ㣬ճڣ̫⡣Ѿ㣬ʮֿأճҲǹעġ
ʱգҲһЩ֡
ϾѪ˵Щһֵܽˡ˳һѵĻûʲôΪѵġ

һҹ޻
졢ѳʱճʹ˳˳칬ѡһԶսɽ֣Ǳս
ʥġ
˵ԺҲⲻս棬ۣһʱ㲻һҶΪľЩүܲһֱչ˲ϣǣһ棬Ҳиס
ճҲǣԺϸϸţƺͥûĴɨ壬ֻҪȥս֣ǲ̫ԼҰȫ
ɽȺںĴ£ͥԵУҲͥɱ
һΣ΢δùʳսľʹһˡ
δȵͥԶһӳˡ
ǰһƴɱʱȫɱ֮⣬Ƹǿᡣ
һ콫ֻҪһۣ͸о﷢ͷƤը
ʥڴˣǾǰ
ǰ棬ǰľǾԱ콫ɱ˲֪ɽӺҲб¾
ȻֵģѸɽЩȥϡ
չЩ֣ҲһԹȹƵ£ܻЩˬοкӺ
󱲣ֻɽ϶ɣ浽ս֮ϣȴȫһЩûѵŧ
ݵò񣬿һ㡣



1801 죨£
Ӫֻ̣ȵͥԮϺһϱģǾ̲סˡ
ƽֻ۸˵ģܹ¾ͳ˳׼ݻԲΧƴɱ
ȴϣӴ˴ѧԣҲлｫپһ붯֡ŶԷһΣͱöʮɸ£š
һһ¡

¡¡
һ죬ƲƮƬɽ붼䡣
˻̫׺ݣȾ̰ǡšƾλǽδڿƣͱ޹䳾
Ѫˮ罦飬֪˶ٸͷһϢˡ
һ䣬ӳһȫëͬһ㣬ϽһȺһգһŹΡ
ˡһ¡
һ졣
ùճѿ̾ڷɽӵĳɳȷզࡣ
һƳɻΣ·ϣȹ⡣
֮ƣȻ䡭
ܿռ䶼ˮӿʲͬѵ¾ȫЮڣɱ
ȴǳʤ׷Űλǽֱ
ˡ
ǾǹһڣǧǹӰ˷Ӫ̣߲Ϣǹ⡣
ԱǽһãɾŹ״Ա˵ǽҲǿʹ
žž
ǹ缱ɣԭըһŻâ
ŵֻһ٣˹⻡֮ڣķɶȥ
µһ˫۽ɫߡ
һ෭Ʒãǰ֮¡˽ƣһ¡
ݵ÷
һ𣬲ŮͻȻԶ£һͻΪס
ֻǽһ˫΢΢飬ڵס˺ӻӹ
ÿռǧٵϸ΢Ѻۣˣܳȥ

ˣȥʮ纮
磬ѾǾ˻ȥȻм˵ֻʣһȴһδ
ҽǰ̵ܿϢȽƳá
ȻˣڽȴڣŻӰ׵ĺӰľ
ٿով˵λԭһͷŵ٣ϴɮ۲ײꡣ
˴ͥ£أ汻һԲĴӡ
˰ӵľǾǰӭ
ֻƵƽµıʱʱޣɱֻǡ
˫⹳ľ嵽ˡЩϲ⣬ӡ
ԱҲнһеݰԮʿӦõˡ
ǹĴӡ
ͼϵľѾȴǰƳأԽԽͣǻ˫⹳ÿѪ졣
ľֻǵʮɫͨ죬ģȻв
ãݰҲǲУ󣬽󡭡
һͨ죬ߣת۾ͰѺΧС

̫޳ˡ
ʥɫһЩģѿ
Զ٣ҪսǲҪˡ
һڣͥԼ˵ӦǶͥˣΧԼҰɡ
뵽æӣоವġ
£ûõġƬռѱҷ濴Ҳ˵ʲô
ճʥŵùǺЦ
ĻûʲôףʵֻվͬԸйٲһ
ʥȳţ޵壬ǱͥϽͳΣҲʱöλߺǲȴ㲻ҷ
Ϊ壬£ͻᴥ죬ָоܲá
ƽеԹҲԲ˵ʱĿѣ֮£ڲԾ˵ˡ
ԪѩŮˣ塣飬˾ռߣȫΪ֡
ΧͶˣǴͷβһһĵǷҪͥǲǻӡ
Χδʼͥһֻ
һľǹ཭ڶˡ
÷ɽӥǣȮǧͷ񣬸׳䣬ɱ
ֻȻԱ٣ǿ뺷֮ȴʤͥʮ˼޵
ǰԮ֣ɴϲſţս
һֻƫʦֱɽ
ս˵ȣȥɽɱһ
һָ²ͷɱɽԸһΣߣֳе¸ϸȮɱɱȥ
Ҳǰ֣ţֱݣսϡ
͵ˡճһȥ֪ޱ仯
ߣʵǿ϶һأһܡ
ֻҪǣסΧ֮£ôҲĩ·
ӴӣȻʵǿᣬȴҲԻ졣
ȲʱֲãֻһζӲ
δ֮ʱɽˣӮˣҲܡ
ʱȴˡ
˵ʥǴӷʱɱ˫սȺʥϰ㡣
ƽʴ۶ǰģû汾³ƾʲô˰
ͷ棬ռһƣպս棬ռơ
ټһ󹷸ߣʱ׼ҧ
Χʮ˼޵ĴǾʮޣԼ塢ľȸڳ
ǺӲҲܴƵġΧ֮£һֻӬɲȥ
ԱͽȺ嵹
ӵϣٴϴ򵽵棬ٴӻɽ཭ڴһء
ģȻȻղȴ;ĩ·
һֱûзǿᣬƺһֱĵϡ
ʱƿ֮⣬ЩƺҲͷˡ
ճ˵Щʲôֻ˵䣬Ȼ̫ϾЦеͳһȦӣһӡ
ȦƣԽԽƿƲ֮ʱ޵ת飬˶о΢΢һ
ճˣԶԶģҲоͬ߶סһ㣬鷢顣
Ͼ￸ĽˣǻΪ£ױ޿ɶܡ
ճͷ壬ԼʱΪƷıһӡ򣬸Ͳɵֵ
սĺ˿δ죬Ȧ£һڶš
ûǱߡ
۵һ˫һվѵڵأ
ȵòҡҡλε뵽ߣֱߵϸڹһҧסСȣѡ
£ڽһӵϣץץŵİʵѺͥ
Щежǿ
һĻճһӰ
תͷ򻨹ɽֻӰڷ׷ɱţɽҰУǱͻš
ɽˡ
ĬȻ


1802 ݵܣϣ
ͥձ֮ճżȥɽһˣͼ⴦ɽʤʱɽƱǡ
ɽݿήĴȳ졣
ʱʮӪ̣ʮ壬壬ʮɴʱ˿̣ɽ屻Ƶ򴩣ʱʱľܿޱȵ塣
ҹţտ޺Ųݣĵôɽֱߡ
Ȼֻ֪ǴսıȻ󣬹˶ãƬɽֻ»ָ޸ճ˻ǿü
ͥͥɨѨ顣ǧͷ񣬱ҲΪ÷ɽδѪʳսʱһ·ɨû֣ﻹ飬˵žš
ֻҲûв顣
ճһˮĻ֮ǰĿžѪźò
һٰʮֻ棬׳һʮ⻨ɽ壬̯ôһΪΪıõǰ̣ޱңϧԽԺܹסǵ岻Ǻܲˡ
үǿҪЩȥ칬һѣ
ʥʵЩｫһս֮Ȼ֣ɿһá
ɡѩŮɫȰȻЩｫܳΪͥ˵ȴǷκͬľٶ෽ע⣬ǲҪ¶ǾͲˡ
ճͷЦѩŮ˵еգǹ˼ͥɡɽһսżԶ壬֮ͥʵٰЩϡǵԭܼ򵥣Ǻӵ֪гһǵ֪м˵¶ɡ˾νȥһ
ܻ˵׽ͥն𣿡
˭֪أ˵ɱ˵콫Ⱦĥ£ȻԴء
ճ˵ȡ飬ʵǲ֪ô͡
ЩﵽôģҲ̫
ֻ֪һκ죬ȴоգû֮ǣϾһһʳʮŽ𵤵ȥԡ
Ȼֻ֮ⲻˡ
ճżˣȻ۹ġɽĲ״Ҳ֮ġ˵òʵûٵġ
ڶʤ޷׼䣬˵ʢ羰˴
ˣƾְԵӣ׾;£ʮ
֮£¹Ķѡ
ճ֮£ܼ˷£ʮһӿƬɽۼ
סڴɽ֮УͻΪ졣
ͬʱ֮һ壬һɣ֮ܳˡ
ҲҪʥλԼ繲ԭڡ
ӡ
ĻΪһ֣ô룿
һζôɣⲻɵ
ˣճҪȡ侫ɣȡһЩõĶ
ȻҪȥı㷲ˣŵİȻ°빦˳˳ˮ
һˮ
֮ʵͳƵϷˮ
ȡ֣棬ԷԶһ˿ۼ
ĳЩҲֻǷݱ䣬˴ǿȡ˷á
ճ۹ĵĿƬɽͻȻ˵лعȡһ㶫̷ء
ǣү
ʥĿһ֪һʲôܵ鲻Լ֪
ЦЦӦ£кż˸ϻȥ
Ȼ̶̲½СϾһҲһλЩԼļ⡣ʧʧ²򺦳ɡԾܶҲ
ЩܣԼĲʸ֪Ҳģȥǿ
ͱճͥĳЩ飬ǧҲŪˡ飬֪֪һڽȥ˵ĳһͻᱻƵμ
飬Ҳˡ
ʥû
ճ飬ȷôص
٣ͥЩ
Щ飬ֻҪ¶һۼͻᱻ˳ϣԼǣʱȻΪʸ֮У絶ϮԼһܿסá
Ѿͷˡ
ȵʥ˲Ӱ٣ճЦǺǵ
֣ףɱת컯
ǰһһŶ۵СŮޱ˳Ʈڰա
üĿ续ԴŽϲ⣬첲ͬź
ֱԭһճһɵӣƬɽȫһƬҹ֮£ʶҲж
һ̣˴飬ôƵ˶޷ƣҡ
ǿˣҲǿ塣
ⱦҸҴӴǿ˵ĵڡ
ճһЦ˫ſʮָţԪת֮£˫һΡ
ɽ¡¡һҡΣֵʯ
ƸĶӶ
ֻŵƹâӵص˳֮䣬ͻΪ
ոճ֣ԵЩϡãξԽԽСԽԽʵ
ָϸҡͷβ죬̺⡣
СʱʱͷǣĥճգܸܵĽ֮⡣
顣
žʮĵ֮ճ⡣һӣɵ鶴֮С
Ҳͣһ𴦣ص˶칬
ʥվԶɽֻ֮о³칬һǻɽ룬ת֮䣬ͱ̡
ƺһĪĹŹ֡
תҲоޱﲻô׵һЩʱһһƿɴ
Щɽ˶оѪԲһЩոճԵǧҵ밲
ָıֻϢ֮䡣
ֻ۱֮䣬֮Ѿģ
˶һۣæԶͷȥȴûв㲻֮
ֻ֣ɽֺˮ̶ȫʮ㡣
ͬˡ
ɽѨڳ칬תһȥͻܵһ֮⡣
ôֱʣת컯Ϣ֮䡣
ϵɽǱûɣѾʧȥɫĳﶼ²⣬ȴû˵
ʵϣ˵ȥҲ⣬š
˭̶֪һ˲֮䣬Ѿȡ˵ؽ磿
ǵģճ֮󣬾͵ȡ˻ɽĵ˳ֵൽ֮ϡ
ӽԺ󣬴ɽɣسߡ
ȻˮĽΪۼɴޣ˴Ŵ˾Ҳֻ˵һѺøѰ˵
Щ˼ߣһȻ֮
ЩĽ
±ǨԺɣĪˡ



1803 ݵܣ£
ͥпʼոʱճ˳ַһСƣҲ⡣
뵽ӶҲʦֵһ־棬ԼȴбҪȥһ̡
һ̵ȻҪȥ
Ӳһʼע
˭֣ıˣѵһҪֺԲҵġ
Ҫ֪ŮǼǳǿСŮˡ
һʥ˼Ů˼Ǻģжֲ
ʲôʱͻӭ٣
ԸҵˣԿԡڳҲһ£㵽׹ͷжӲ
ճ·ͼһĻŮڻʱЦ
ӣ˸ĳٺЦ
ʮӶʮ˭⣬˭ʧ⣬ʱ˭ܿô
еģȻϾ
Ѿʼոˡ
ɽһս壬ҲĳЩ۽硣
ЩĵӸСˣӴ˲صԽٲ¡еȴǿ֮ͥ۾磬ӶһŻ
ֻһѣͥ㳲Χǳսдм°͵Ϯ
Ű¡
˵ͥҲôǿ˵£ǳĵȥˣ
ȻЩ뷨ֻһӣĳЩﾲѿָʲôʱҲԵǰͥʮ־η
ʱ򣬴һʮֹע׽ֻͥӵˡ
꣬ﲻ֪Ǻδѧ⻤֮õ磬״գһȴ֮Σ
նְ̨ܯͷϣΪ̡
ɲǲ𾪡
˵ˣʧְ˵ˣɱͷ
׽˷ˣ֮ˣȻҲ취ɱʲô
֪ˣ˵۴һЩﳼӣΪ·ǣֻȾƳ⣬ȫǷͰ
ͥˣǻʲôӡ
Ļʲôǰ;ԡ
ŵ۹۱ǱǹĵĲһԣɫҲЩڡ
ץһ£ɱȴһˡ
֮£ĳЩֶεĴɣҲܳ⡣
ӵĳ½ҲǸܣ˭֪
ĳЩóõĴɼ֣Ǿʱʥ죬ѹµİԵǼµġ
˵ʥԶߣٲҲࡣ˵ʥ˸Լȼˣȫ¡
һʵǾʥ֮¾ϡ
˵Ѿûж˼ǵá
ǣǳѵĴս֮Уħȴӡ֤ʵĲпᡣ
Ůʥ飬ҲżǣȻ˵̫عտ˭ָұ֤
˽ǿᣬõǺã
ۿʼƣ۾ȴԾ̫Ͼ
һʸúӣȻĪˡ
һǺӣ͵ͥңԹ̫ϾΪԪ׼ת𵤡˲ϾʲôҲӦãû˾ʲôס
ãҲκͷ
Ǻңƣֵɵ죬ڶѳһ飬Ի֮ˡϵȥڡ¯УҵĵΪҽӡ
ϾЦǺ˵ббƴ֮ϣʮڣһ鼫õӡ
ٿᣬɲģ˷ʮֲڡ
Ȼֻĳ˵ķӰӣΪҲþǿ죬Ͼ̫ˡڳȻֻվŵķݡ
۴֮ϣҲʮֲڡ
Ͼԣ۳һãǾϾˡ
£ͽװѺӰȥʹ̫Ͼ˷¯𻺻²ᡣ

ճٴϵʱ򣬾ͼʹ죬ʱʱ¯дŭ
ԶԶţͼһϽɫƹ⣬¯ȡ纣ˣһֲ
һЩʱգճٴ˾˷֣ϾĶʹ翳͸ׯϻġ
ԭҲϾ˺ô۵ͥҲһ˰
纣һˣǵĿڡ
Ҿ˵ʴ۶ô˼ôܲأǲ֪ǻʲôĽףаʲôĽɫ
˼գӵİڶ졣
ճ㵽ߣȴһ𺳵Ϣ
ˮԪ˧˵£̫͵϶ϴԡ¹֮¡
±ǿյ֣ץһΡֵ۲Ȼŭּ⡣
ǰλˮԪ˧䷲Ϊ
úݣ
˵Ǿǽ
ԭܼ򵥣ͥһԱ棬س̫ͣˡЩִŮ٣ѹأѹֱ
ڽȻ˵
ճ߽֪λӢεԪ˧ˣ˵̰ɫ㣬ֹ߻ỨΪһЩŮ
һһǲá
̫Ͼļӣͥسпɱȥǧˡ
ţճһ߿ԭˡ
ϲ֮ϡ
׻˵Ůһ̨Ϸ߸Ů˾һϦദǾͲֻһ̨ϷֱǸӰԺ
ͥ۷ʲô飬Ƕ֪һܻɫ˵ס
ճֻҪѷ㲻֪飬ý

ٹ˼죬бϳˡ
˵ĸ󽫴յŭǰ˰˰ױޣԪ꣬
ңλ˶˵ֵĴӵ½ɳС÷ɽģ־ǣԺȡ
ʲôʲôԹ
ֳͷճһ԰ü
ȵһۣˡ
ϧλˣǿϧ
ǿϧλ˰ɣ㲻·칬֮УҲֲʲôɣ
ɧ˵ʲôأ˼ҿߵˣֵ룿
ðɣˣҪһǲ
һ㡣ȴΪҺʵЩӣ۶ȫĶ֡
Ҳ̫ˣ֮£Ȼ޹֣ƫƫײˡŵõ˾ƱùҲҵġ
̾һҲЩλ
ճòϡ
ɶ˼ˣ
󽫣ʲô
ȻǴǴ
ɳԭǸ˧磬˲õݣǳˡ
˵֮·ͨÿ˶һݵܡ



1804 зϣ
ʥ߷˰¯ӳ˶ʹɱˡ
һգ԰ףʧĴܽլӡ
Ů𾪣Ҳ˲ͻ£һľʹӺų֣ԶԶġ
ãôôˣ˵̫Ͼǰ¯鱦ѳġ
ɫܻƮЩ
Ĥŭţֻһ޴հ
˵һ죬⵴ʹ⣬粨һ㶯ݣȻʮֳ
ȼݡ
ĴűźɰǧӰһ㣬һ·ֱĴţסǸȫƵľ޴
ճ㷢֮ϣȥ
ͼǾĴӦ죬Ӹոһ·ݿĳ嵽칬ǰ´ɹδüսͱסˡ
һν½绨ɽ֮ʱЩͬ
˫Ŀ֮ͨ⣬յնЩͫ⣬һͿ
ϵĽâûǰЩʱȼյӺհԵ֮ԲȻˮû֮
һ£ǿͣɱڣȴǶܡ
ĽʱƮëʱɽ
ǾֻһӽսͱӴɾ
콫ոճ嵽ǰһףŵ
һЩΪСˣǰһͱѪ
ĴһҲסˡ
Ȳδ׼ȵִ٣γɺ
籩Ĺһ壬ס
ս֮£ֻǹһСᣬͱŻǵͨǰ
۵һ죬űñɷۣӺһײͳ˽ȥ
ǰ⣬۾С
ʵյҼҡ϶
һʹ˿ɵһʱ緢۾еĻʢ
ëҲһ˿ɫħ

߽ãʱһƫĻ԰΢΢ͬһ㡣
ճҲ˲Щƽ߹ŵŮεĳ̬ٳһۿŲԶӰĺӣɻˡ
òӳ죬û¯ȴΪλҪʴ۵鷳ô뵱ۣ̫ˡƺձԡ
ϸһºϵճȵķ֣Է϶һ׺񱩵ϢȫƲס
۾ͨ죬ʲô۽𾦣һǿ֮Ӱ쵽飬ʱͷԲѡ
˭ֽţϢ֮о͸ǣúӱøƵĲ֪ˡ
ճݣԽӲ¶ͷˡ
Ϊ֣ϵľתֽˡ
Դ̷ת֮һһͻƵתҲǰ˽׽ľ硣
Ϊôι̣ӣҲ˵ǽˡҩΪƮƼûʵĸ
ŲҲܿסͻͽΪбףսˣǿˣԪ֮ΪȴǱø
һزȻԷԪศˣͬ
ճ㣬ܹƿڵÿһ˿ÿһַ
ǣӲûһ㡣
Ͼİ¯һΣҩȫ֮յӴ˱ᣬΪֵȴǸһ
ѾﵽתжΣҲǰ˽׽ɼڡ
ǿ󵽲˼пϾĲҲпĶ뷨
ӱϣմˣʵϣȴǳ˴
˺ܶˣԪΪ뱾Эĵо磬ǳôңҲֻǵڡ
ʥǿ˶١
ȻճԪΪҪ౶ˡ
仰˵ӲƿסԼȱ
ʱ˴ǣı㣬Ӿͱøһ
Σ²֪صġ
һ⣡
ճˮֻǾĿšһᣬͼ֮һԱִޣ溮
۵Ļʥʹ١
һᣬײʮԱ׽ϵٲղס
֮˹ɱһʱй޹ǣסյĽŲ
ҲֻʱģӵĹ֮ƣȻδͣ
ͻǰӽվûͣһģɱȥ
ճѾԼԸӦʴĽˡ
һӲŴԸܵõλĲˬ
ո׽סûãֲ곯ᣬЩ̱Ͳڹǰ
ʮͻȻһʱ֮䣬ȴû㹻Ӧԡ
ܲԼλԳֶԵаɣֱʧ㣺̫ϾǸʲôԵģ˺ôƨɾ֣ǰ¯бĳĺӣȻǿһЩⲻǿ𣿡
붯̫Ͼ֣ǽȻǶ֡
Լ쾵ֹֻܻ𹥻ƿɳ¡
һֱȥбƵʱ
ȥ뵽Ͼ⣬۾һЩɡ
ûϡ
ͻȻͼͻȻɳ⣬ٶȼΪݣһȥߡ
ͬʥ
ȻĸѾɳλɡʣ϶ȥɽ
ɫһҲȥֹʵֹҲûá
Щ˴Լܴ𵽵ʵޡ
ճϵ飬΢΢ЩȻƺһЩʲôƺʲô
ۺĸƺǰгии㡣
˵ط־ӣܴܺ
ⲻû۷ĸѾʼˡ
Ҳǹ
Ϊ˾˷
ϾȻΪҲǰ˽׺ڣǿһ޽ɡ
ؼǣóս
λ߲÷͸սǿ
ְ˽ʥţרɱսĹԿԽս
ʴһƴĻǰͥȵˮ֮С
򲻴ù˵³ɱᱻ̸ͥȡЦǧꡣ
ͳ̴Ҳ£ݲȥ
̫ϾݹߣǵͥЧȻƽҲָӲ̬ȵ˲ǡ
ɽһڷҲͬˡ
ңڣԲָɣʴ۵ϻҲԣչ黹ͥϽ
ʱȻ붯̫Ͼˣ浽Ҳȥ



1805 з£
ñи졣
سȥӰֻûᣬ칬ʤ֮
ƬճһƬƮ
ڷ֮ӳͬɽ
ӷ𣬶סְɡ
ڶߣʮٵ񽫣ȫһȥڵܯ֮ǰʧ˶־
Ѿʴ۵ӰͷһҪǰ
ȴڴʱһ֮ⶸȻ𡭡
лϨ޶˶˵ľҪЪһЪɾƣ̸̸˵˵ء
ָоһ֣վ֪
ʵϣһֱԼЩԣƽʮ־ͷԣԴ֮ͥ󣬾Ѿ⡣
ϧͲ֪ǳʲôԭҲԭڣҪҲûа취
ǰӰ¯
뷨Ǿٶ½磬һɽ
Ȼȵε˷ͷԼٳ
뷨ǺܺõģµͷԼһ¯־һۡ
ʲô£
ڷУֻǱ˶ݵתͷִȺ͵ĹͷУһɲޣŭӿ
ס֣ס֣ǺûӣƾʲôǺηˣ
տʼǰͷֺʮöСġ
ŷ⣬̰ˣŭȣأͺͷÿҴɱۣλռ칬˵
Ĳߣӷ𡣽Ұŷ칬֪ǺηõΪȱ᣿
ҲЦеʵ
ͨǧ㷨仯֮λξã
˫ͨϽëڲס⡣
ճ̾һֵ֪֮ˡ
˵ɣ˵׼Ǳԣġ
˵ɣͬʦֵһۼһһв̤ݣҲʵȥˡ
ȥճֿ˵ʵҲûʲôֱ
ĺ嫷ֻԼһǷ룬ţӶ
һע̬ķչ࿴һܾۡܿͻ¶μ
ϾǷڴˣû黤塣΢вܱ˷
ǸӳɾɸģҪϵλ޳֣һǧ߰ʮ١ÿٸʮǧꡣ㣬öܴ޼ΪΪ˵γ˴ԣӣӣ㣡Ī˵˶̶֣ݣϧıĿ
Ц׺ͣȴǿ̱
̵ãŭҪ˵ܲλֲͺͷ˵϶ͣʹ
һݻнһ裬Ҫɱ
˵˵ͷкα£˴ԡܣ𣬵ȵ칬߶ѡ
΢΢һָܣͼ˷ϣţɱӿ
˵ȻǼٻ
տۣ벻⣬Цнƣһʮǧϴ˳֣һʱյ˭סң
һƶѣҲ˼ҴꣿʧЦҡͷòмӣɸҶһģб£һУӮٲöս۵ס칬㣻ܴƣ㻹½Ϊ޼١
չЦͺͷҲ̫ˡ
һƲŶͨҲһɡܱܵסʥƥʮǧƣ
ͻȻо죬ڵб
Ҳϣĵš
һ̽ʵ˵
ģֻҪܷó͸Σ
Цݲ䣬ƣɺҶС˵ܷܲȥ
Цͨ
бһ飬ֻߴСһƬƣôô²ްѶȡ
һԾģתͷθߴķ棬ʵȥˡ
һ˳ȥ
ճӦͷֺѾСıñӻҪСǧٱ
мȴһŽ⣬ݻ
УԳʵڡǰƴԭҲû˿
ԲŴޣǴ޽ɾ磬ǰ򵥡һзѻΪʵһʵʵ硣һˡ
ճﰵݣ֪־磬ԼףҲӦ
ӵȻøԶҪģ겻֪˭ԣֵøɵһ
˼װ׵һ壬Ȼû˿ɣΪüƣӲз֮ȥˡ
ûۿˡ
ճҡͷ̾
Ȼ¡¡һ졣
̽ͼ˶𾪡
һƷ£һѹ
ָΪɽ֮תţ˼Ĥ
¡¡УָԽԽʯɫΪʵ
֮䣬粻һĺӣҽŷţƾɽָѹڻҰ֮С
š
ӱ֮סáֻһĳǰȥʼղܵѣޱȡ
Բɣƿ籾Դ籾ʣеĴ
ǵеѹƾӵԪ񾳽磬ȫûаϣӳ
ճзǷҲǷ뱾ﵽһľ磬еĵôÿġ
ϧ̾Ǻܱͷ浶ʵǹĿɣҲûܸϼСʵϣֵĻҲûУһڵǿȫû֮ء
գ̫ˡ
ճҲٿֱջ˷½뿪
ʴۺ˱漫Ǣľٰ찲ᡣ
ʶֶΣԼôͥεЩΣյġ
ñȺӻǿԪɰ˽۷ֱԲͲԸЩһŶԡ˼ҾͶ֮ѹԼоܲá
רͼıչʱܳͷԭеĳЩ㣬ҪСġ
ÿ˶Լ̣ߵͷԼŸոտʼ
뵽˴뿪תȥɽ
ܵȥӡ
ѹɽ£׻ʲôĥճЩ档



1806 ҳҩϣ
֣ⷭɽصȴǺнոھݽ治Զ
ɽ״Ź֣˵ָţʱʱķϼ⡣
ɽۿľȥƽɽû̫ճһɽַΧͿʼʾ
֣ȻȺɽ޲ʵȴͥȻûһ˿һĻһѹӡ
һ֮ء
һ·
ճΪֻҪĺĬ
ֻˣΪ˵ˣ˲ܡ
ǲ֪ȥʣ¶磿
ɽһŷŹ⻪ϸĸӦ֮£ذˡԳ졣
ճֻţ;ƽˮ޶˶ַͷֻԿ࣬ҷȱ
İʡ̰޳աġ_ȫɢ˼޳޵á
ַоһӹŷƣҲ
ֶѹƣҲˡճüԪһ΢΢鸴鱾ԭٲӰ졣
ҡһ䣬ͻΪһϿңɡ̤ʪСֱȥ
ԶԶģƼһ׷ͷ˻¯ճ֭ͭһ׵ɽºͷȥ
ͷЦеģأ˵ţʥү˰ɣС϶֭꣬ͭȥʮֳ죻ٳһӣɱ²й֮ǡΰɵøжа
ձɽѹס֮ǰΣͲˡ
תڣΪ˽׽ɸָ֣ɽʱѹסԣҪʱѹǲܵģƾˮʯ֮£Ҳпѿ
ֻϧ뵽һ㣬ԣǣɽѹһ˿ɲǷķͨ
⻹ˣ֮ⷨ£ӵҲһĪĹȻ¶ͷ­ֱۣȴ޸֮
ǰСݶûν
һ˵á
£滹ǲһɽţ̡
ĹȥһЩ֭ͭ裬ʧ⡣
Ƕ˺Ӳйĵ·
֭ͭˮһУǺ⣬ºӼ͡ʵϣȴǴӸ϶ž˶ԷĿܣνݡ
ӻͨ븹УһǻΪתУûʲô˵ġ
ɴʱʥѹ뷲̥ࡣǿһЩһЩ֮⣬ķ͹Ϊ㡣
ڵͨĹ֭ͭ븹ȼ̡
Ӳҽʹ˫Ŀ϶ɱˣͷѾʮ߰˴ˡ
Ҽסˡ˻ź˵
ջ˺ͷﻹð̣ʹ֮£˵һ
סʲôãС϶Ƿһŷɽͬһ塣ɽҲ갡ͺúŰɡĥȥӣ
ͷϲޱ˵ȫյԹ֮ĳȰ֭ͭ˵޼δ֮˵һ̷ȷѰ˵㣬ҲûкôֻΪȰƣȴǳͶ񡭡ԺʥҷȱܰУ½Уһյܵó
˻˵꣬˼ûˡ
ֻ˫۷ֱ˰Ūţ۽ȴѪᡣ
ճԶԶţ겻ѡ
ʱĺԹ죬ֱɽ˭Ȱá
Ҳֻʱġ
ȵ쳤վãִҹɻ֮£һջתͷɽԷĹ׽ޱȡ
ǱĬȾġ
Ƿһɮ㷨ҲܻͽģοϷԳ֡
ӷڣƣֵܵס
ǰĺȴ׸ܵסնһ죬һ꣬ܵס֮á
պŹధ棬ԷųֻԸĽΪܿó
·ϣ֣ﲻԾܻţһֻʦٲ
ʱʦ˭ܿܶѾˡ
ոճ֮Ϊ꣬ɮ˳ͻһ뷨ȥ˶ȾƳ硣ȫ벻ԼĻɽЩӺ
ΪŹֵúܡ
ҲʲôԣճһѾԱϴԡ
ȻǻδͷûɵѾˡ
ΪʲôҪ˴۵ıɻճǲģһ˲ˡ
Ͼİ¯г֮󣬺Ԩ纣ȻĲˣȴǻʣࡣ
ˣͬݹֻ̣ҪĸԸ鸽ˣ˭Ҳû취ߵġ
Դɱ˲ܡ
ϾԴˣڴʥˡֻҪڴ˷֮䣬ƾʲôֶΣ޷Ӷᡣ
Ҫɵ֣̫ϾȻ
Ψһİ취ǰѺӱΪԼˣԸĹšһΪ棬Ϳɵȡ
¿ػۣЧʲߣȴаա



1807 ҳҩ£
ѹɽ֮󣬺ӼȲѹסҲ̸ˣû鱦ػ
ս仯ϵҲͽıɽϵִߡ
һҲܽͣΪȡ·ϣΪûдŰ޴档
ûˡ
ʥĳѾˡ
ĳϣһר̷µĿܴ֡
ɱ̾
ʵճ·֮ʱӻһ̵Ļᡣ
Ϲ֮ͨ·ܻۼˡ
ŴƷɾٳɾת֣˼ӿٶȣֻҪﵽ޽ɣ磬Ƶ沼µ
źǣûаᡣ
͹Ϳһ㣬ԼѡĴ־ʹƣ֮·ոտʼʱ򣬾һȦȦ˺ӵԴ档
ÿһˣ鸽ںȻǽߣֱͶ뵽Ŵ˵Ĵȥˡ
ⶫ繷Ȧһ㣬мӳͷ֮ܣǣĹЧ
ֶʮֱִȴá
ԣϽֻߣٲǵʥ
˩סֽţǱ˸ɶʿ

ι裬֭ͭúõһλʥ֮󣬾ɽУɽ뻯Ϊһ塣
Ȼ˵Ƿʵɽ屾ԡ
ɽڣʹɽ٣ٲڡ
˵һ飬˵һֻܡ
Ӿʹޱû塣
һɽȥˣըˣΡ
ıҪҲˡ
ճߵɽǰĿźӡŵڷɽλǫѱѧպӣ뵽һλͳʮֵͥζӳ¡
˵ԼںϿ˵̵ôʵǿᡣ
ΪֻԵԼǰǰһƬ
λɵؽӣȴһв̤ߵֵز
˵ԸˣҲԣҲԡ
ںϣ˵ûе
ԣ͵Ļд³
ĺҲ̸ʥˡ
ĺ뵱Ǹ֮ͥı𣿡
ճͻȻֳ
иʣһֱûн
Ǽ򵥣ҪͥϿɣҪǰʥӰ˷
ͷεĴ٣Ҳͦˡ
ۡĸԼһҲֻǾñӣܲˡֻҪȥ͵ƺȣԸϯûʲôƷͥ뷨
ʱֻǺԣ޷ġ
ûĺԹ֮ͥ
ʵЩԱġãͥǺܸ߶˵ľۻᣬԼûܵ룬һûӵ飬˲Ȼŭ
˼仯úͻȻ
ĳһͿʼ뵱ʴˣɵĲġ
չ󣬻͵ʯ־
ӵǰ뷨𲻴ʵԨ֮
ǰҪϽҪӡ
ǾҪ췴ˡʵ굽ҼңǺεȿ
˵Ȼ췴
һһʴԼλҲܱ˷û˲űԼɽ硣
ڰһ˵˾ɵ֮⣬ô
ֱ仯ôأ
ڿాʹ֮ʱͻȻǰһͷһ䡣翣ֱָġ
ͻȻһ壬ͻشû뵱֮ͥҲû췴
˵Ҳһ㶣ԼʱΪ𾪲ѣΪʲôҪ췴ֲ档
˰ɣʲôʱ뷨ģ
ճоһʮ֮ڣһ
˸ӦУﵱޱʡԼ٣Ҳܱ˲
һգҳԹңɾ֮󣬾ЩġȻ󣬾ͳ˽𵤣ζǲĶĵҩóǺóԣǻ̫ǿȻôǱȲ֭ͭѳԡ
˵ӵüۣ֮ɫʮֵͳʦ֣ˣЦҵ𣿡
һʮ֮ãŹԼ¿̹ġӼճĵһѾ˳
۶Էʲôģ
Դ︴ˡ
̫ûˡ
ԭ̫Ͼľת𵤻̷ͣȥʱǣա
ճ㾪һ亹
õ֮ҩܼͣʱֱʱδ̷ûԭġ
ǶϾΪƳϽӲһس˳˶ûë
ⶫһã¶ȥġ
϶ҳԵҩ죬̫֮ϣ̺ҹҹġ
ǳԴҩĵˣɲ
Ĩһ亹ճЦǺôҲʦֵһȻǰֵúܲ죬ҲЩݡȻҲָҾȥķҶԸˣҲȥ档
ճ˳ڴܺöЩûбҪ˵һ˵ġ



1808 Ҫñӣϣ
ݹճͺӵĽʣʵ㲻úг治һ˶ʹ졣
Ǻߣǳ˺ܴ˵ǺȻǼٵġ
˵֮жԹҲ̸ϣϾ֮ʣƽ
ճ㼸ݺݽѵ˶ԷҲǴЦ˼ûʹɱ֡
ճ˵ʵǸ
һͥע⣬Ұϡ
ô䣬ôţڴʿ֮š
жڱ֮УȻʲô֡
˵ճ޹أҲġ
һһ룬ȻԸôϲҲԼ¡ԼϾϵõôһʵʵڵġ
˵󲻴ȴǳɵԵ
ѧ洫󷨣Լ͵Һͽ𵤡
Ȼںӵߣͥ˼ҲǺô
ֹϵùϣֶöЩºȻ֪飬Լȴܲ飬һ֮Ҳδɡ
һкôǾúڴǣעҲЩϾעԼ
뵽ճЦɽ֮ʱͳս֮ûʲôãֻȴĶ֣ѹ˹ء
֣ʦִԺ⣿˵ҵѧ嶯çײ𣿡
ȻǣѹڵأȻʹͷʦѧ˶ٶʲô죿
⻰ʳü֮еҲڲס
ȴǸƭӡ
ͥڽƵǿȴҲ򲻹̫ϾĶֻᰵȦӡ
汾ݺϵ£治˭
ʲô죬㻹֪Ǻ˰ۣǺ̫ãӺͿˣ
ճ֪ӵԸ񣬶ԷҲ֡
νܣѼӲ˵ľһˡ
οЩӴʥͲɽѧ֮ʱǫ飬ߵúܡ
ǰǰЩӼţȻ㳢뵽Լ龰վüɫ衣
Ŷôˣʮɱ⣬ɽֻʣ°ٶֻеĺˮйӲдĹ
ʲôһӶͨ죺ǾȻң
ǵһ֪Լϼһɽ˳ˣɽѡ֪Ϣһʱѡ
ôͲˣΪսСӹҼңභҪֲɣճĵ˵˻ͨҲ룬Ϊ㱻ѹ֮ͨȫޣ已̥ȴȥ
˵Żճƣҫţںʯ֮ϣһȭͷСʯͷ
ӳֵ֣ɽ壬ָ֮£ͬһ㡣
㡭ôģ˫۵ԲԼĻɽ¾飬ֻ𾪵Ŀճơ
Ũʹ⣬ֹ̺ϵãԼѧľת
ֲͬͬ
ԼľתһζԵԷĹȴԲˮʱȫ֮
ֻ˵ԷĹƿس̶ȣԼҪǿࡣ
ڹ磬Ϊûȫ֣ǿġ
ѵΪҵĹˣƲɽ壿
ܴ죬߶һ
ǣƾΪƲַĵġѹԪѪܷͨҲסˡ
ôԲƣ⻰ʵˡ
Ȼһѹɽ£һվɽǰʵȫַӰ֮¡
ճִɽ֮󣬸û
Զ÷ֹûнҿ£ƻɽ壬̫˼ˡ
ȻﲻôͺͷӣʵȴԷηúܡзڻûͨô£Լôأ
ȫûз
һΣܿȻᱻԷѹȥ
ϾɵӣЩ黹ǿú׵ġ
뵽ƻɽ£лһʵʦ֣ȻƵԸһȣԺ£ﶼɰ㡣
˲󼺣˵ҾȲˣܾȣҲġճ΢΢ᣬ̾Ϣ㻹ûӣҸûа㽻飬ǳ־㣬һ֣ͻɱ֮Գ֣Ѱ·𣿡
հգտڰһ˵̫ˡ
ճ⻰ʵ飬ƭӣȷǾȲˡ
ȻƵķ鶴֮øࡣ
ºأ
ֻҪһ֣ɽƵųӣٲôע˴Ҳְᷢɡ
̫ٶˡ
ԼΪûɣôȥԸԲ֮ϵĴ޽۷壿
ԣ͵͵Ϻһ棬һССɽʯѾǼˣٶͻ
ӻû뵽һ㡣
ǲں˵Ļ᲻ΣգһֻԼһܲá
ôͶͺͷˣʦֵ֣ƾ˭
ռ˵
˰ɣ˼һֻƶ򲻹ͱˡѹסԪֻ֮Ҫϸϸһ֪ǿֺαԼƭԼ
ճͷĴϺӻɫ



1809 Ҫñӣ£
ǣǻҪѹ꣬շ絶֭ͭıĥȥ
ϣҪʧһͻ˺ӵ˫ͨţ˵˵ž˵ȥˡ
Űɣ֪գαص˵Ҳ㳤úĥһĥӣ޷˼չҲˡ
ճҲȻ
꣬мꡣȻٳôõ£ʵҲһζʱˡ
Լӳڣû˳ء
źģ룬ֵϾʦֵһҲʹ˳ٿຣʹһƪ԰ɡвܱ꣬ݡ
˵껰ճҲ໰ԣѡͥ˳糿ĺģ飬ӡյ֮С
ţ̲סں޵ҶԲʦɽ֮ʱ˵պȻ´Ȼˡ
̧ͷܣʵʦ̵ңǲǻҳȥ
̫ˡճһʦĻͥ͵ѧʵͰɽϡ˵ʦֵûܿöаء裬Ǵÿν֮Уõһ۰צж㣬Ҳ㻹ˡ
飿⣬Щɣֻǵ֮ųԹ
ʱɣ÷šɳĴ̽ҪѰ
Ϣֻ̫ͨҵţޣûҵ칬Բδͻãָͥˣ鲻Ͱˡ
˵ݣִӺ̸
ճź̬֪һǸηµıӡôãʵûõġ
Ϊã桢һ㣬ɻģŪһԴϣûк󻼡
ҲûҪշԷֻҪλٽһ棬ˮ
˶Ȼ˵ˣֱ˵˰ɣִڶߣŶɻ֮ܡȥվʧԣӴ׽ţΰ
˾֮ɫճֵٷȰһ䣬պñˣǧԴϣѣммǡ
ʲôñӣãȻʵ
ճҲϸ˵ܲ˵ԼĽɣ½Ͳ塣
ֻǵô࣬ŴԾͺá
ֻ˵˼仰ճѾͷ𣺡Ųסˣַܴ󣬿Ҫͻƶأִ˵ء
ճ̧һϼٵַģ̾Ϣһ꣬رġ֮Զߣ޽ɣңʱҲû˭Ƶ㡣
¶ϸѯͼǰһﻹӰӣ
ǰһ̸·ֻǻһ
Сţǰݱ̣㣬紵ֻ
һ£ʹŤͷͻȻֿɽżţһֻҲš
Ĺ¼źįӿֻһлǳ

ճһ磬ƮƮҡҡ뿪ɽ
ȥͼɽϷͻȻ⻪
֮гʮӰҫ⣬ɽס
ԭֻһ϶ڴ˿أ¿ܱȻһУҲȫգסɵѪ㲻飬ȴ˲̽
ضԺˣҵΪܶ෬ͻơ˵ﵽΣҪﵽˮƽɽҲ޻֮
ʱ磬ֲԼһ̴壬õİ취ʵжš
ʮ죬˵һζΪǣ͵ľת𵤿һûʱ̲סˡ
칬һ¸һ䣬Ҳ׽ѹ£ڸ˵Ѿᡣ
Ҳû˻ע˭͵ӣ˭˽𵤣
ϾҺͽ𵤶ճ˵Ǵ£Щʵôһ¡
ܽ㶫һ֣õôѾ㹻ˡ
º׷׺ӳ˼ŵ͵˼ңĿԲԣⲻϾ۵ݡ
һǲǾͰȫˣ
ȫҲó԰
ҭʳ
תȻԾת漫󣬲Ծɵӡ
Լ໨һЩʱ䣬ȥбԪȥ̫Ͼǰεˡ
뵽ӳ𵤣ûȫͷԲ̫Ѿʹ֣ճΪ衣
һâص칬ոսţͼʥӭвԹүһγãҲ֪ңֶ˰ɣ
ʲôңУҲáճЦǺǵĵ
ԼǱϹ۷ƴ̽ϢΪ˷ֹ֣˶õǱ塣
һգһꡣ
˼͹ʮˡ
ʥʱһ۳ѩŮӭͳס֣ã㿴ү㣬ȥ湴λ꾫Ӳܹˡ
ѩŮ˸͵͵һճϹ˵ʦ
ʦôˣƽ㲻ǽдȵ𣿡
ʥЦŵ
óʵûֻδԼүʮָˣڲԿЦء
˵ƺûʲôһһƣֻǲǵó衣
ճ΢΢ҡͷҲֻͣЦŰͥ˵һ¡
̾ϢһʥıҲᡣ
úõλң˼գָһµУճ;չˡ
αչأһֱŲֻ𵤶ѡ


1810 ܿˣϣ
ճҪɵҪһ൱ʱ䡣
ʵϣС˾ת𵤵ҩˣһ꣬ȵ֮ʱʱѾꡣ
ܵδչĽΪתתڿһأҲ˵úܡ
ñԴҲֻһˣٶѾ١
ϾΪһ֣Ȼ鴫
ΨһЩвǣָ߼ɵ֮Ȼż
һòˡ
Ҳ֡
ϾǺˣƾݺʵƵĵҩҲֻǸһЩеλĴƷһ˸ûʸһö
ˣ˵ûнΪͻ
һˣҲûкôԪǾ޴ġһöת𵤣ȥ̥ɾʵǿࡣ
һ«ʮö裬ʵЩ˷ˡ
ǿͬ죬ͱҩԳ廵ӡ塣
ȻǿΪȴֺ֢
ºϾİ¯һأ²֪²ſˡ
ⷽ˵ʵ̫ϾҲһЩôӡ˺ְ֣Ҳ֪λеЩʲô
ʥΪҲɾ磬뵽ΪҲ㲻ˣճ͸һתƷȥˣֻʮ֮һҩٶ˷ָ
λȴһҲʧֱԼΪǷһĽˡ
ƽʽԪҪʮϰٱ
ҵˣҪΪͲһ׵顣ǵɼϣÿһεͻƣҪ㣬⻹ٶȱȽϿˡ
ɣˣˡ
ЩڷʱѾ˺պְͥνáôȥˣΪԾûٳ
ǰʲô磬Ծʲô硣
ôõУͥЩ˵Ѿľˡ˵ֻҪ˲ܹңפǺܲһ顣
룬ճûѩŮһţֻŵȶԷΪһЩ㡣
ΪΪҲӲȥģûаնɽٳɹԪĥ꣬Ӧ־硣
ͳԾת𵤣²Ҫ²к

ճһ̷ҩ
һ죬鶴֮УڶʮŽ𵤳ȫһ¡¡ֵĺХ졣
˫ͼǰ龰ֱģ
㶯ޱȣĴ½޶Ƶģ綼·
ǰÿһԪÿһ΢΢΢ϼ⡣
ƺܿиʵһЩϸ΢Ĳ档
СѾͷʱҲ·𳤸һЩ
ǰ꣬ھˣмУٲģ
תͻƵɾˡʱͿռ䣬΢΢Ӱ쵽磬մͬ鶴Ƭ½ҲչһأѾɳ֮ʵ塣
ճףⱦҪ޸ԼʵҹʵԽǿ޸Խ졣
Ҳ֪޸ҪԴǴȡģ
ϧ뿴ʱƿؿռ䣬̫Զճһͳ鶴̧⣬ļƽϢ
ʦ磬󺺳´ңʮƽͽݸǲҪŷ
ӦճأѩŮ˹ϴϲ⣬ʮڴʵ
Щɳô֣ڵջļˡ
֪Լʦ°ӵĿʲô
ԭؽѾ´ʮŵҩ׻˶ʱ䣿ճһ㶣ЩӣǻȻʱţֻһʵ
ͻƽɣһЩԱҩҲϣʱøոպãˡ
ϸһᣬճйע̬չȵҾƽϢ˵ƽ忴ƺƴʵϣѺֻΪˡǿɲ̤ӡ
ǡѩŮЦӦ£Ҳʱ̫ã̫Уȫû׼þͿʼֻܻһʱΪ¡
˵ǵΪճ棬תһ룬ǣ˵ϻɴ̫ƽŽǡʲôβ񣬻󷨣ʿǱսֶ񣬵ȷǵֶΡ
Լˣ粢ʷǸƽƽ磬硣
˼˥ôһ㶼ȥᣬʱʱĲһ֣ܲܵõôǳ̬

칬ʱʮƽһмƻͰĽš
һ뺣½صڣңࡣ
֮Уճʲôá
ΨһЩǣԼɵӳȥĲ֣ƺû𵽸еãǵĵλձ鲻ߡ
ıˣ죬ˡ
ÿһγԶо޴ջ
ڳ칬ĵӣճʵδ̫˼
Դһԭ򣬵ⲢҪԭ
Դҩ𵱳ɽʵҪḻ౶ڷҲһ
ǣòϣ֮仹ġ
һǿ츳ĵӣֻҪԼӵΣͻƵĽס
һƽʵĵӣ˺ҩģƵףҲʧȥǱ
Ǹ컻ǿϴ
һճѹЩ
ʵûҪȥô
ôȥˣڳ칬ЩŵӣΪһ㣬˼֮УҲ㲻жֻ˵еˮƽЩˡ
Ҳ֣Щڳ칬֮ϵʳȱȱ֮⣬һ֣ѧһʷͱ
һ㶼ڹʮ꣬ܿﵽĽ׵Ϊųȥ䷢չ
´Σ´ҡ
ճһֱΪֻаЩӷųȥǾ˳ϴ񣬲ɳԽ𣬵óһЩӡ
ǽܻ⣬ԼõʼһʲôɼҲˡ



1811 ܿˣ£
ʱˮͻƣͻΪһ
ĥﵽĽʦԪܻԪ
ǵԪ׶ΣֻҪȥˣ꣬ǿԵġ
ʶճµӣЩڴġ
ʵȻһ
Ҳճоֵĵط
֣ڶ֮УЩ佫ʵġ
꣬佫
˵ǻ׳󣬻ԪʵϣЩʿȴձúܣ֪ǲʲôƣ
֣ӵĻңҲֻʮľɱһ㡣
Ҳ֪ôġ
Ҳûһȡ֮佫ǿò˼顣
ھݽصĻ֮£ǵսǿ׽Դﵽ˼Ĺ
ˣճǻɣǲѾа
ǣԪֱӺһо˵ͨˡ
һɹ̣ʵģһԪԼճģ˳ʸ
֮֮ࡣ
Ŵͻƣͳˡ
Ƿ˼֮䣬ճһ֮󣬾ͷ֡
ڽ֮£ЩԪ磬˵
ԪǲԱ֮ʿ͵ߵģ̸ϲ֮
Ҳû͵֮˵ϢҪΪֲ̫ã½籾ķɹȻøҡ
˵ԭǾ
ѩŮճü֮о¶ɫ
ҲɡУ֮ƣǽ֮ڣܿͻ˥ˡ
ⷽɽ֮еһظֻأѭݡ˲ſԱת˳رָտɴ
ճҲϹʱڣֽܻͷҲӲȥٵԭˡǷⷽصģҪ뻹ģҪ١ù
ĿԶԶˣһ仰û˵
ϹŴûĻʵƬԭҪǿࡣΪûнƣ̫࣬ر磬ϹʱڣԪȼΣ綼ˡ
ֻУ˵ʥ棬Ҫ޵ɴޣҲϲܡ
־ɣʵⲿ
ʦҪͼı˵˵ԭʮҪ»ᡣѩŮһֹ
ͻȻһ˿ȻֵˣΪŵʿ߽³ˡܳͲ˵ˣúܣǵŴسʱ֣أΪ˼ӰعҲ뷨ǵѡڽʱ䣬ϻɴ̫ƽŽǣһ˵ȡڼˮȵʿһֱڻ
ѩŮԽ˵۾ԽԱһֱĬȻ˵ԪسҲͷΪ˵мֵ
Щ²֮ԣճʵôġ
Ҫ룬Ҳ˵ùȥպߵľʦ˵ģ˵ȴ޵ġ㣬һ᲼ܸ컻ȡԪ
˵е㽲ȥ
ǲǵҴˣ
ȻֻǴ˵һġһɵ磬ʲô˵һ¡
ʥƽӪų칬Ҳ͵пһЩʷ鼮ʱԵƺЩ˲ûеõ̫ôܳسڣһȡ֮ţųʿ
һ˶֪ġ
ܳտʼԵԵιʧ£ʧ¶ʣʧʶ壬ʧ񡣡
ŷչҾûӰˡ
س˵ιˡ
ʼ˵ҪΪԼȴŲá
Ƕ
ʷǾ˵ơ
ǲЩ˹Ͳŵʿˡ˵ʲôԭ
ЩУʱδγ
ճӡУǨֱʮʱڣ˳ԭʱˡϱʱڣɽɽ£
˻ʫĴϳİٰʮ£¥̨С
ЩΪʦܵʦϵģλȡ
һֱʱڣ˷𷨶ڴˣôһ˼ԳɷĶšӴԺ˵ŽѸѡ
ôЦǲǲ֣ûڲ֣Ĳõⲿĳƻ֮ƶȻٴˡ
ĻƶϣôţޣԭȻȣƻʳƵۣš
ϰӡ
ƽ٣´ңͼõȻȫȡˣŸݣ֣ݹǽȡˡϲƣܾܿͻΪ˼ѡԣǵ˼Լڹ˵ˣͲᱻȡ
һҲûлͻ๥ǵŵĵ⡣鱾ˣҪõʲôҪһЩʲô̷ھݴ֮ϣ۲µĺִڣزûһս֮
ͦӵģճȥûȫ֮ߣֻһһˡ
ڣսҶȲߣֻҪ¶Լ˵ݣ޷
ֻùӣ칬֮Ŀ·ûˡ
ֱԸλУܵޱȡ
µΪ䡣
۵ΪֹѩŮԪǼҲæɽ٣̤ɽ׶Ρ
ǣʦ
Ͳýݽˣƾ磬ʵӲͥɽע⡣س칬ֲӪǵ·
үͷİɣʡáʥ˳ϰʱ䣬Ҳڡ
ȻңǣӪ칬Ҳǳˡ
۲תѩŮߵһԣĳѩŮԺүͽչˣƽ꺮ůʳޡ
ʦĸ˵ʲôѩŮˣƽһķ鱨ϵڵӵġ
Щ黻͵ˣչүҪˣÿⲻϵġ
ŮһֹģѩŮȻʮŤ󣬵ճȴȫĿͷĶѾ֧أԾ΢΢ͷ
ԪƫͷسһۣסЦСʾʦһǰվ
ȥɣҲµûܿˡ
ճ˰֣ǳȥ



1812 ˣϣ
ȻϣƽƺƴҲҲ
ʱ䲻ͱ˷ͽ˷ͥ³ı⣬һĻԡ
Ǿȳһ㣬ߵĳԵģŪ´ң
˵ˣȻǳ˴֡
ճȼ֮ѩŮʮģɾʮúܡ
ЩӾ򶫺ֳ칬̻ᣬ鱨ѩƬһļʱ뵺ϡ
һգճյż㣬ͼдšʮ·ֶ׿֪ʱѾˡ
˵ƽô׿ɱ̫󣬷ٵ磬׶ЭΪ׵ۣҹ֮͢󡣾ͻϿ˵Դĩ·
ʱĳ͢Ѿʧȥ˾󲿷ֹʧ¹¹֮ľ档
ճɢķ

ȣҪȥһˣϭ鷢˶̫Ȼһܺõ㡣
λ̫ش˲΢ѣǿƣΧϵãҪǣҲ̫ãȻƾԬΪ
ѩŮƿصĳ칬ŵĳ̻ᣬȻݹƸЩƶźųĵӣλģȴûһˡ
Ҳ֪ûмѳͷԭ򣬻µӵȷû˲šһ㣬ճҲΡ
һôǾЩӣڵײ㵹Щᡣ
ѩŮ鱨֪¾ݣطξʮˣԽʮˣ򡢲ֲܡǲ١
磬һٵĵӻ쵽˶¶ܵС١
ʮˣôϢճûɶ˵ġͷƺʷд廢֮һϵ׳ĴһƺҲְλѡңһɾꡣ
ⲻ̫ɲˡʵϣ̫ƽ书ܵ٣бмſԷ
ʷʲô٣ִʵҲСˡϵͳľ־ֳרץġ
һˣûսµʱһǺܲˡЩƾĴְʲôǡ
˵һٲȴǸˡճİٵ֮ʱѾ׼ˡ

Ҫ˰֣ճϣһƬѹѹȫѻȸ
ãʦ𾲺Ƭ̣յʱ֣նɱѦաеȣ澫֮ɫԴ˪ʱݴ֮Уȴۺ⡣
ʮ꣬ʳţҪʱ򣬱˽ӵϡ
ѧʮ꣬ʮ뵺ʱɡʦֵһ𣬷ָķ
ΪһӣͬǰǼʦʦһӴҲزȥϣؽڳ֮䣬ټʦա
ȴûϵ칬һһҵľԼ
ǻᣬҲҫ
ΪӣôЩһֱ͵Щɳ칬ѧʮ꣬һξѧһУսû֮ء
ڻˡ
´ңԼҵʱ
ܵõʦۣͨ󷨣ϳ
ʦȻʮǰģϰ֣ԵԪʦ֡ʦֺѩŮʦ㶼һʮʱ⣬ȫͣһ㡣
ľǼĿ
ͺáճ̾Ϣһ
칬̵Щŵӣʵδ̫ģһֱзչ˼
ܹͻԪĵӣصһ㵤ҩ٣ԱáôһЩֻĽ׵ĵӣͷ
úòãܻãȫ
ʵô칬УܹͳʮǧˡȥˣѾǧˡ
Լ޵׵ĳ֣ҲֻʮˣЩԪһû
ʮ֮һױνߣǣҪ֪ճ̵ʵɼطôɲǲҲ̶á
ɣ̡Ժ´󹦣ῼǴԪˮɾΣ컯
лʦ𡣡⻰ͷݺᡣ
Ǳ̶̲һϵı̲ߵ෨š
ճһ۾ͿλӵϢѾ˴ɡСһҲСʵѾﵽĽ۷壬ŵϲˡ
ףһֱ߶ŵʦ氡Աĸߴ׳ճȫǲ˼顣ǾöԷ̫ᣬһź¡źſھʡ
ˣߵװݼʦ棿ͷ󺧣ոռͷûעԼɵӡСӴʱӲվţûɫ
һźɨžž졭ʹһ䱻ߣһ͹ڵء
С£ʦ𷣡ٴΰݵ̿֡
ˣÿ٣ԺҲóʦһаӦԣͳү˴γ˶Ҽ
ôƺȻǰЩӵҽˡ
˿çЦʵĲǳ칬Źôˣ׶ûͻƣϧһǡ
δʦ׼ٲ˽ܡٹ
ȻԺȡ˰ɣ׾ŮԴڡѩŮ㴫ķճתͷ˵
ǣүѩŮббűճࡣݾһŮ
⣬Ǹ⣬ó칬һףǰȷЩŹˡ
лʦ𣬲лү
˰ݹл˵ºڲͷֻ¶˫תɽ¡
ŵƺ̵һլȥ
һǰִֵ硣
ǰ٣֮䣬ͬһ㣬صɡ
һХصĵӰӴһ
ľűһײһ鿪
վڴſڸ̸ЦŵĸִǹʿԶûһѪ˵ڵء
ɱ
һ



1813 ˣ£
Ժкײܼ
ͷǰ壬ҲΧһʿ䣬׼ĳλһ̲ͣ
󷽣趯ҷֿס
һᣬһηˡ˶ξѦգҪ󡣡
ճһȫ񼫺ãźԶɽ֮ϣӶŻȥͼһ׳ĳ˳һڳľֳǹ̳һ⡣
صһ죬ǹ㶯һ󻨶εʢʤա
ִǰǰҪȫ֣ǹ͡
ɱľ㣬
̧ͷǡʮȥˣһʦǰչֱ£ôܲȫչʾѧ
̲ⷺ纣һ㣬նһƬ
ǹУȻס̶ã˲ˡ
ǵݽһ˴ȥУ⻪է֡ǹϳأһ˶ͷ­ѾգѪˮߡ
ɱˡҴլԺͻȻҳһ࣬Ѿ˼бš
һսõĸ̽ͷ鹣ҡҡ׹ͷʬɫȴûʲôˣһЩ⡣
ʮǶξ֮ҲĽΪιȻճ޲Զ棬аš
อѪǿ󣬰սƣ
ĽΣ˾Ѫǿܻ񡭡ͬһȼĶֻ֣Ҫԣֵʽס
Ա仯
õٺǰʹǹĶξѦվ磬׶εѾΪ˵Уǧ
׳ɣԱ
ȲΣ١Ѧֻ֮Ǹ֮ңͿһƯҲûá
˵֣ڴĮȥļճѼʶˡ
ǼȥʽѰһڣ֮£ﲻ١
ң˵ߣóߵȼ佫Ե͵ȼ֣ƾƾͿѹֽŽӲá
ѾЩˡ
ÿһʵ޴ԣʢ佫ʧȥ佫֮ͨʿǧҲס佫
һȣʿ䵨Ķӡ
ճɣƵ򣬾ݽڵߣܻܿ־ǶԸֵĵ
˵УնߣնľǴ񻰴˵ĳǻ졣ؼ˵һз
ôҲү֣ƲˡѩŮųϣ˿Ц˵
˭ףճǿ˺εȲΡ
˼磬ȻѹƷѹԪ񣬸ǰҲѹɼ£˿ǣûн͵ġǱҴסǣ˵˵
ԣγȡˣЩѣʵûʲôΣաȻһеǰᣬҪ˼Ĺ£ݽķɡ
һ㣬ճó

նɱĶξѦվǶ̫µɫϲɢ˼ͥ
ˣ߶ȨƣɳְӶᣬӲŹ
ֻôһЩëʵҲ㲻ʲôЩӸλߣãذաŮˡ
λξȴǲͬʮ־ڣһĳλСӣҴȥУ±Լӷ֡
ǲ¶ԼֵŮɱ
һͺڸˣܶ˺޲ͷȴûε
ξְ󺺳˵Ҳܴһ֮УȴǾԵĸ߹ˡ
һ£ֻҪ̫شмӣ˭κβ
ר˵Ȩƴʮٱ
ԭ򣬵ȻΪ裵ĵã̫ص÷
ԣˣճһѹûСɱ˾ɱˣΪϳȥһ

˶ξʮ·ֶ׿Ĺؼʱ̣̫裿»όͷö
ûд֣ôȥ£ѵԼ
ʱͻʣҪ֡
ǣԼŵùĸ֣У
ȻѦҲֵͷճȴк֡
Ҫλ̫˿ãҪȡΣźȻȻĻݿ֮ȥעĿֱ̬Ӽˡ
ʵѾĬĬչҪ
ڡܻӢţ˵ҲŻᵽ֡
ĻƾĴɱһ죬ҲֻᱻΪһç򣬻û˿ϡ
Խ߰ɣһСٶá
Τ߰ɣԷ⣬˵͸˵Ҫ衣
֮ԳΪǵĳã
˵ҪȻǿžТïšҪϵճš
Ū࣬ʫƳͣʿ飬֮࣬ճȡ
һƤ죬˵ԼĳĳĺЩճƤûô
ˣȻֻ취
´ҵĵڣʲôҷģ
ȫۼһֻҪһ㹦ͣͻᱻ¶ֳ֪棬ճ
ȲԲ˳Ĵ¸ϳֲһֱ£ָɡ
˭Ӿ˵ˡ
裾Ǻܺʵѡ
һʵǿȴֶˣϭ¾ִǣͷúܡ
ҪһǶֶ֪
ϭ־ٶȻԬܵƨȴǵˣƫƫ֪
غܿͻڶ֮
ȻԼĻˡ
˳ԱΪ壬£ΪһѴ֮
ڱǲǻᷴԣǲҪ
бּǿᣬ˳ᣬȡһ¡



1814 Ͷϣ
ճһﵱȣֳ־ꪣĬĬŵԪس硣Ƥףֳֵǹٸʡ
󣬾İƤ׵׳һʦŵӣյֽʮ־̻Χм䡣
̶顣
ںĩ˵̶㲻Ӵֻ˵һ㡣
ǿǺ̰ɡ
ճҵף̸ϸߣҲ˵ϵ͡
Ǯûλ
ɱξѦգѾǵˣ̫ظʱѾҳһࡣһĻְ̻̣òɿڷϵϣܽѦյĶξְ֮
ȻȨĸ棬ûôȷ
ƽʱžͿˡ
һΣܿҪǰܵѡ׵ѡ
ò˵һ̫س˸С⡣
ϧǣٵĹλ̫ͣûʸȥӶξһְ򣬵ʡճ顣
Ҳû̫ϵճ׼˵ڶֶΡ
Ǿʩ
̫ظûʲôΣѣȻֲʩһˣȴΣյý
ѩŮ鱨ŴϢҴǹЯҾ췵ϼң·;ƣʱҪͶ裡
ţλǹϾǶ̫裵壬еι֮һ̫ξһְ£¸ء
ڹ˽裶Ҫӿλ塣
ˣǹϵ˶ؽ磬˵ҪӭʮеĻʮҲС
ʵ̫æɱӭҲɡ
Ͼֻƽ
ˣϼҴڵģ˽٣ܱܿ
ЩֻѩŮƲ⣬ճҲϿɡ
ķչˣǣѦպʮͻȻĶʱͱˡ
ճõϢǣ裴ʱͷöûɱǡ
ģƫƫһȺ͢ɢĻƽĴӣܵ˶ؽ硣
ҶǼҳӡ
ǵ뷨ûǹڳ͢ٵϼһ˵ûвƻôҲ˵ͨ
ȺƽԼңͷĻ֡
ˣкϷˡ
ƾǹʮҶͲǶ֡
ԣһóֵ£źһȣöطˡǲ֣Ľǣô棬֣֮񲻿ϧ
ꥣ˹
ճһ˻УŸ·
ҪŲж첻
ֻΣװصĴʳһЩ򱦻Щ̻úܴʲôⶼͲһһǡ
ǵ̶ӣߵﶼע⡣
Ǻ˴١
ΪҴٵëѾˡ
ͻȻƿ¶ѩŮЦӯӯүǰǹϵĳˣһͷ˻ƽķȦҪҪһ̡
ãԭٶǰҲر¶ȫʵȿ˵ѩ̿ܺù
ǡ
Ӧŵ
ճһۣͷڣüְ˲ʣȥʮˡ
صǣȥƺʮ߰꣬ƺʮ֮꣬йӨϴ档
ſˣһСģͻ̶֮ȥ
εѩŮ۸ڳ֮ϣĿԼʦ۾һգգģ΢΢Щʧ
һֱڶϣҶʱ䶼ڱչأپһÿμ棬ʥڳһγȻææµµģߣܺá
Ůͽܵ뷨ճûע⵽
ƣͣ£䶯˶ƺʲô졣
۾Ԫǰ̽˳ȥ
ֵһˡ
ھݽ֮УȻɷ֮Ҳֻһ΢ֻһСɽ
ֻҪ꣬Ԫ׳һزǻ۵ȴޱȡ
ճԹˣԼԪ̽ĹܣȻȲƿذ﷽ԲʮﷶΧǿ̽⵽ġ
ʵԽ֮壬Ԫ˼ҲźܴƣȫҪСĽġ
ӹһͷճ룬ٴ
±Ͼžϣȿ˵
˺һᣬ˶ǰ溰ɱԽԽճ۾ЦǰɽתǴǼҳӽˣһ
˵꣬˫һУǰһ˻Ծ㼲
Ҳ֪Ϊʮ⣬ΪԪ̫棿ǿƥʮ׳úܡ
Ϊģһߡ
̻ľȻ㲻ϵȣɱǿᣬʨƻ
Ҳֻǿ׳ƥǿ磬áನƥܲ
ճ°ǰ棬ͦñֱϾĴ̤ࡣ
ʮںȫ˷Ī
칬ʮ꣬Ǵûл֣ȷǱﻵˡ
꣬ں棬һá
һﳾ𴦣һִ꣬ϣȻ粲һƼһ
ӦʱѾڵϡ
ͷ̾ίʦ㣬ҵòܸʦɱ
ѩŮƮţ񱼣ɫһˮͷƣôԸ⣿
Ը⣬Ը⡭ƥܸʦɱУĸжæͷ
ЩûĵӣȫЦ
칬Щ¶ûôི˭ȭͷ˭
ѩŮƽˣѰЩдģԻڵǵʵս
ΪѾﵽɾˣ˵۸ˣ˭š
˵ЩǵǨǲ˭ҵ



1815 Ͷ£
¡¡ɱҺ˽ָӲһš
ѪЩʡ
вʱתɽǣͼɽˮĹٵ֮ϣɷĺӷһΧһԲơ
Բ·ʮ˽Σǹ٣ֳֶƣȡһ˵ָ£ɫ
ףرۣǹݵһһͷƽڵĺӣȥʵ
Բ棬ʱŮļĳܿ˫һӵ۾
ճۼ⣬һۿС
ʱɫ԰ףȫްѪɫ
һ׷ԲԵ˶ϣˮҲһѱ֪Щʲô
ճѹƥٶȣǰоѾ΢΢бָǰ
ѾʼȻδƣҲ֧Ų˶ˡ
˾Ǽһͳǹ۷ΪѩŮճ󣬽ܵǹϣ泵Ůٺ˻ŮһЩϸ鼮
鱨úϸ¡ճ޵
ѩŮܵ佱Ц壺ǵȻү˵鱨һףƽֺܲǹ󵲲ס
̡
ɱ
ճһ£ʮӸߺȳʮﶸȻ٣һ㣬ֱ峵ӡ
Ϊǰͻ䡣
ٻƽӱò²мͻȻͻ
һ׳ͷ뺺Ӳǰֳ־޸̽ɨ
ǹ񾪺δüǹֵͱӹ˴롣
뺺ӹЦֹͣ޸ն֮УǼһ˷ɣתԲͳȱڡ
⻹û꣬뺺ӽоݺѪĲһǹ滨Уɱ߰ˣȴǳִӣɱ˳֮ǰ
ݺӿЦܣ˭ɱ˶࣬˭ִͷ
һƬ
ӻһӾͱˣֻʮ˷Ӧǰͷǰ
ǣһһǹԱ֣ȫǶ֡
ͷƴ󻵣һ˿ţȴȻ뷢˿ҡ
ʱ
תͷȥĿзʣͼʮͻΪһ˲ִꪣ񣬲֪˭ҹӣȥûаɱ
ǣֻǿԼ;񰲶
ǰǹϣһ𣬾Ȼս˶ѹȥ
Ϸ򣬲֪λˣһƽӡ
ԵճЦһȻӦ¡
һڣ΢΢ɨһ㣬ǰ
·һֱϵʮƽȫͬһ㣬ɵȥ
ڰգһžžĹصһͼȻ
žž
ãڵ֡
ľݺһһֱ֮Զн⣬תͷҪܡ
Ҳ˲ùǼҳˣֻо
ûԶꪷԼȫ
սľһΣӾͻ
ʹ޸ĺӣȴûԣΪѪ̫֮ʢճһѹˡ
һתͷ˷ճ塣
о޸ɳһ㣬죬ն
նÿ˹
ճ޲ЦһĽģҲˣΪأ
΢΢һ˸䣬ݵһ죬˸йâ
ۡ
޸ƳƬн˿ͣٶûУ¡¡𣬽⴩Ķ
׳ͷԼؿڶԴĴƺһһͷ¡
ȴһ棬౻ûˡ
ܲ֡
ݺһ׿һۣ񱼡ٻƽŶףæӴܡ
֣ܲȻô˶ؽ硣
ճĿһǱԼһꪴ׳
λԭҲʷ˵ĹȻľˡ
ԺĹضүɾҲĻˡ
ô˵ǾݺӣӦþԪܡʱΣǻƽ·˧ɱұɢһһġ
һγ֣ȻɱһСˣһΪˣճҡͷʧЦҲ롣
˳ְѷꪹڵʤϣȡ乭
ȻѾɱһȫɱˣЩƽҲϴףȫմ޹ߵѪȡ
ң˵һ죬ȫһ
⻯ӰȥڰоͻΪ
ԪܴӣһһӳಽԶոһһζöСˡ
ͷû꣬ȫһ𣬾ʲôҲ֪ˡ
Ǽ⻯ϸϸһ˾͵Ԫ
֮䣬ͷ­ӹըѪ
ͣδַͣಽԶʯɽ֮Уֱû
һը޴ʯһڴСӣһķѿ
ðɣͣϾɽսҵ̫󡣡
˿е񹭣ϵľꪣճա
Լ컭ꪣǧ
Լ֮ģӰ죬Ͱƥѹһˡ
ƥ˵ѪĳԲԼı
Ͷ
ճȵ
ʮӦɢķ
һƬұҴܵĻƽűնɱڵء
䣬ʮˡ
ʣæ±ſڵأӡ
ѩŮгʣһûնͼЩͬ転һ㣬Ĵ΢΢һЦҡͷսʡ
ԪسҲΣܳͼȫ⡣
Ǽɼģ׷ɱЩܣ涪ˡ
ˣøЩ³ʦĵǡ



1816 ķƼϣ
ʮ̣ӢЩƽǷȫһ֮С
־Լİ룬ûгϼϣ𾪵ͫ΢΢Ŵ󣬲Լ۾
Ȼǿһ࣬۹ǲʱ￴ʮѰʿˣ֮ݺᣬȻȫ϶
ʵӾ԰У֮УҲ㿰Ϊˣ˵£ֻһױʮ֮ࣿ
ǰһһ°籼װԱƽ罫նɱƼֱýԵķɽ
ˣԺͷһ߲²ŵ˭ӵܡһѳζǻ£ֻоʮ裬Ȼûаӡ
е࣬ȴûаӣ汯ݵĿ˼ǹʬס쳽һ£û˵ʲôתͷмֵлǼС֪γƺ
ҲѹЩɻ
ճʱֱһڽгԼݣɼİˣʵϲַʵˣֻҪһΣ±
СѾͷʱԶͿ˳
͵͵ĳ
Ű֮ϳꪵ꣬գգһ¡
˵ովţѪȣٴŮӣʱҲӦûﻹ˵Ͽ˧磬Ůȴȫûָо
ȻֻҪճ޼ģһְϢ
ɱҲů
ţǱʶ֮ȴܸܵõ
ҲǹϺŮһ㶼Ĵ治죬ֻһŶԷԼԭˡ
׺һֺҪʡ
ճ̵֪һ㡣
ң֪֮УǴٹˣǭһס
Ӹпƶϵó֮ܵõô׷棬ڼ౼֮ʣôһЩ˲벻ÿսܶ棬Ըѵ·Ҳ뿪ûбԭ򣬾Ϊ׺ǿ
İ˼Ҳֵܽһ㡣
ճ񾳽ȻҲͬĵط
Ȼѹסˣ䷲Ѿֻͬ΢΢¶ܺиȾ
ܲã
Լ˼ȾҪȡܹһЩȻá
ûҪŪʮƽӡ
Լٶʰҡҡλε˹̬ºܵճҲòʿˡ
Ȳ۲ѧݷȿԸ֡
ͷһһǽ̿һ˸оʢ绪֮ϣʫ񳪺͡ѪŢҰء
ճ΢΢ЩϰּƣȴҲæǹˣѧʲô˵̫ʹ׼һ֮
ü΢΢һסʵһЩ˶롣
ֿʲô¶ûУһ£ĺ
Ϊ˸ĸ߸ԼҺȡһ֣̫ûѧˡ
Ͳ·˼ɻ䣿
ͷǸȻᵱʣֻЦֶӢõ̫Ϸ壬ȥͬ·һͬǰ
ԸճЦŵ
һһ̸ճҲԼļٰ³̻ᶫװ˳ͷֶͷ̬׽˼֡
Ҫ˵ˣȻǮλȴǲߵġ
ΪˣǵһôǾǽύķǿƣײˡ
ң֮ʱǼҲ̻һЩһЩ֪Ǻܽصģʱ̸£ҲͲİˡ
СӨС񣬿ݼ֣ɸϵǼҺݡ
ʮСѾͷһԵȵýϸкæʹԴ˸Ůͬʺ򣺡֡
ճ֣ǸСӨģԳºһЩ£մӤʣӦǴˡ
СģȴǶ쵰üëϸһ˫۾΢΢̣ԵʮֽλáСˡ
Ȼ˼ɫѹֻСʱ򣬾Ѿ¡
ǹϵȻǶ͢ʧ߿׿רȨǹԹ
ǣճȴѩŮõһСϢ
˵УӶ׿ҹǣһĴŮ
˲ܵǣǼһһˣƫƫϲСʮഺ껪м顣
ⲻǼҶŮ⣬˭˵֥ݣޡϢ׿ʹˡ
ǹڳҲѣϢҹ뿪ʲôˡ
ͷԴ޲֮ȻҲ̲סįȢС檣ԼŮȴ䱦ƽ￴úϡ
üһ棬ܵһͬӴ⡣
οһϡõĹ
ѾͷʷˣճԾ˵㡣ֱŮ䶼һΣѾæεǼ飬յü鴫ǹд˶ŮǺø
⻰ЩûӪȴǴʵ



1817 ķƼ£
ʷչСǣԺᱻߺΪ檡
ȻǼǲòӦ£ЩΡ
ϣλǹҲǶӢΪŮΪŮԭ򣬾ʹ¡
Ҳʷ
ȻڴС˵ʵ㲻̫á
˵ߣǴˣСѹ˸粻һ
ȴһ
ǱΪ֮ûã߾ˡȻ󣬵ȴλǵľҹؿշʤ
Сǣһ㣬ȵʮʱҲˣȻҲһӹѣ֪ĸһˣû
ĿܣλӴ˼į仭¶ˡ
ճ֮ԶϤ˲ܲǸˡޡصĸ
Ǽһｨͭȸ̨ʫڶ⣬ֳϦ֮ڹܵ˵ˣ㿴㿴ǲܲܲ١Ǽϱͻᱻܰ°ȥͭȸ̨档
ȻǺϹ
ײܲǲ˼˭Ҳ֪ʫԣ粻ɱ㣬ͭȸǡ
˼ǳ֮սܲٴˣǿ϶ᱻܲ뷿Уһֱû˻ɡ
˵СѾͷպжֻжҡ
ðɣճʵֻǿϡ档
˭һ磬һЩֽܲмֺ档

ճСǹϵӰ
ֻǸոսã̫ظı͵ˡ
ͷǸˣһΪ꣬һۺᣬ
ǰлճʢǰֱҪ̫شƼ֮ʦĲ繲ʢơ
̸֮Уճ֪λʵ̫ظԼˣҲ裵õܡȻǹϵ塣
ճԽоԼһ߶ˡ
ͷٲѧҲʵȫϵ
һ˵õȮ죬Ǻ顣
Ǽ٣մ⣬׵ϰն⡣ֻԼҲһ˲õἵˡ
ճǹһСȻǶ̫ظĶˡ
ټǹһʢҲԶġ
뵽춼ξ֮󣬻ԼҴֵǣɵ㡣
Ѱ̫ƽʱֲճ˵ζ߹٣ͳһ¡ʱͬһȥҪ̣ɽˮ
ƽ߸ϣݵĹְʱͱЩ֡
裹ļǿΪȣ˱˲顣ҲǱ飬ʵһ֮Ҫٶѡ
ûйͣﵱô٣Ҫʵ佫
ƺףճˡ
ΨһֵùǵģǾŲŵù⡣
һҲý
ǹϵ˵û裵ģѾòˡ
Ȼ󣬾˼棬̸֮䣬ַʿ˳ĹԱճİ취Ҫ̫ࡣ
㼸仰裶һʣѾȨ·š
ȻҲȫȻˡ
ȨΪ̫ץճξֻʱ
⻹ˣɵ˼ǸλζξʵϻץȨ
սȻճɱԱǨöȡ׷ţǾȫ
˿λξƽƣཫ㡣ճԼ֪Ǽʵһ֣˼ܿա
ⲻҪ
㡣
ڶξУճĵһ£ǷԸѩŮ
Ѯ֮ڣĽڵȫۼʱ˸Ǳķˡ
ǣүѩŮɫ࣬Ӧȥ

֣˵ǲҪĺ־Ҳ̫Զ˰ɣ
֮С˵Щûû
ߴߴ˵ǣ֣΢вᡣ
ڶסһЩʱգǼҸŮȻҪȥϼңճɳŮ;͡
Ҳճɱƽʱ磬ӡ̫ҲͷŮ˴󵨡
֮̽󣬾ȥĤͷĻճĸܡ
ʱ䣬ѩŮšճżҲͬһڶ棬һȥľˡ
չȥճɣС¾Ͳȥϼˡ
֪ΪΣǹƺ̫뿴־档ڶסһЩʱգʱȴǼҴҵҪ뿪
ⲻճˡ
⻰ɲϹ˵ˣ鷳ġǳһЩСǵĻæֹ
û£ҲûȥСǹ˵ʵҲû־ԶеģɨƽĺȾָµ˼ĳʱںߣʱº㡣Ϊ֣Ȼǲ
ճЦϹ
Сͬʱһһۣ⻰˵ùšҲ⣬ֻҪɵӣû˻ϻ˴治뷨鷳
֣ճģҪȡˣ޷ݵģ˵á
ǾԼһ
ȡһҪĻȡˣ°
Щˣƾһ֣ʿͽͶⲻһ黰
£˵Ҳʲô˼ˡ׼Ԥ£ǱԴʱĵСðɣС뵱ϴˣ˼һ;ô˲
Ȩıɶ˼һִ϶֮⣬Ȩıȫ¶һｫɴ¡
ճپ͵ֵʮȻֻһ֮ĶҲá
ǣֵ磬ʲôǣ˥
֣Ȼǲԣ֮оЩʱˡ
˼һƫҡ
ʱڵҷʿ൱ĲϿɣոձ̫ƽ̸ɫճһĴ߶Ͼ͸һһﲻǺ˵ĸо
ʲô鶼±룬ˡ
һ־ͲͬˣԽΪͳǧ°գҲԽͼ˵Ǿ֮һõƷ¡
гۣ֣ͬ
ӦһЩ־ͽɣȻԺ˵

ǼҸŮϧ֮ճͿʼٱ
ųһʵֻǧʵидУս׳ϱǧ
ֻҪսȥֻķݡ
˵ʵڵģճû
һֿűһҲȥ֣ҪҲֻϵĶξְѡ
ʵȨʵȨģҪ
οİٵɵľʵ˿ҿ϶ֻҪɳʮ˽󣬾ֻܰų˵Ķɱñ
£ֱȨƣʵЦ

ʱһȥرƵ·ƽ
ԶѾĵķ̡
ҲѾϢ׿ɳ۵ȽػЩҪؿڣսһ
¸һЩ׼ӣǣֱȺһˣ򶫿
Щ䲻ͬŮÿһǸشǿĸ֡



1818 쵶ն飨ϣ
ɶʯţݽ죬ӵΪ׵һ׷ԲԵϽӭսĴӺ
ٶһǧȫȻ޾塣
ϽһˮΡ
ǰֻһ٣սｫѱнضϡ
ѪɽУնƬ壬ͣҲͣ˸ŻΣǰ
ɱ
Уף
ԱϽΪ׶˺˶Сĺ赲ѩɱʬء
ܿ죬ﵨĺɢӿ
׷һ֮ϽҲ̰Ӫ̡
ǽӵֻǸɨʯŸ̽նɱС
ֻҪ¾Ϳˣọ̈̄ǾͲǸÿǵ顣
ҹӪ֮Ѿ
Ͻ²ףо򣬾͵֮£૵ʲôעǻմȾ˿˿ɫѪƾɿ׵Ļһ塣
ͻȻһ档һ㴥طһ͵ơ
鵶󣬾Ҫܳ⡣
Ѿ΢ţҪʾȫӪ
ݡ
һ΢ХӹϽᡱһ죬֮ϡ
Ͻ˳ӪֻһӱʿѲߣûаҲûӰ١
˼һ£ҲûԼ£صӪʣյʡŰɫʲԭһ۵ֽڡ
ȼ͵չһƣϽ׻ȫ׷ŷ
˺һᣬоˮЦǴЦǿЦ
ǿܿ죬һҲΡ
빬֮󣬰ڵʦٻһȾʮ꣬ɽκǿûҳ٣ûеȵһա
Įٱƿأúչ˼岻̫ãȥ֮취࿪Ȱǡ
ף
һʿ𾪣ƺԼĶ䡣
ոܽӪʣͼ¼£Ϻ۱ңҪԶ
ҪʣҪ˶ãҵϢˡȥֶҹչ֮ʱĮĮ˵´ټ֮ʱ˹ͷϻͯظഺˣ
˵棬Ͻ滶ݣЩһֱ˴εҲչࡣ
ӻ
Įֻоǰѻҷɡ
ǹｫŸȥ𣿿ǣδ̣ʱ仹磬Ҫ׹ǰ
ûȵô뿪ֱ
ǹ趣˵Ҳ˹ȥҲ

ģ壬ֵһȥͶǿԸ뿪
һӪֳֳ̣ǹ汦
б䣬ϵϼҫ֮£Եø
ǲĿŵꡣ
磬ö˶˵ô
ϲ䣬СٲͲ϶־裬ѹҵȣû˴磬ȥչ֣Ҳ㲻
Ϊ˵٣Ҳ˵ˡȥȻǰ;ãʼ֮ʱֻܿһСǿɻԸ׷棿
ԪȥǾ͸ȥġ
׳Ҳʹ

үͶ븮߿ȥʮָš
ӱլԺ֮Уͬžžͣ⶯ͣһۻɤ𣺡
ۻˣһĴӽӹһơ
ͼĽͼŨŨˮ
ããҲƺʦ٣Ҳӡ
ָһ󣬷ϼЦãǼסǰ
ǣүŮ£üȫǲ֮ɫ

´չãϲջδɢǹٸ䣬ͬ޴Ļһת
ΪԶҲУҪɳҪӳＯݣ˽ݵΡ
ȻⲢûкôӶͳȥݣõʮر
ֻǿһЩա
ٸ̰֮ҲûãÿսƼݵĹӡ
ճһĻҪʲôȴҲΪԸڴʱ֦
裵һЩԵķȨΪҲ޶á
ξû˻
¼ԱԽ۽ıܳٵʱֱûξ
үЩں֮ڣо⣬˵սˡǲҪһ
ѩŮᣬüҲЩͷˡ
ڳ칬Уɢ磬ͱϳˡصģӽιϺ
ùܣܵø̫һӡЩ£Ǽ׾죬۷һź󻼡˵ˣʲô
ճҲЩˣΪԭĶɢԭ򡣶֣õ˵ˣûôߡ
˵ԼΪһξΣһ𣬻ջŶԡ
ʵϣȫ
У鶴֮Уܷϡ̵Ľɫۼ
أҲ̶ãֻһǧֵ
Բ˳ⶫҲһǰƻԼӸġ򣬾̫ƽʱ̫ãҲûġ
뵽սҪʮ꣬ԼʵȻûк󻼣ȴͬСϪˮһ㣬ʵѰ
ңұ֤ȵ仯᲻ŷŵĸ档
ԣ쵶ն顣
Ҳãȵսʱټв
ճ࣬ʱ˶ؽһЩƽÿƽ·塣
ǿͨ·츣գ̻Ҳ֣
ܼ飬ȥһ̫Ȼĵɡ
һ£Ҳ裵Ĳˣճȥʩ̫࣬ظġ
ʱ䣬裵Ǻ˲١
̬ࡣ
ðɣʵԭʱ೯칬ӡȻ̫࣬Щȴճ˽ļģɾҲ
ǧʮĽף׵ӹʮˡѩŮһӾʮһλͻƾ磬ǿϲɺءһ飬ճһ˿Цݡ
Ԫ񾳽磬Ҳڵĵֻʮ߸
ȴû뵽ʱ䣬ʮλȡý
Щų칬ϳ˹У߽⵶̲նȹɡʵսܳƵһϽ
ʱȫճµһС
ɢʮֲֻۡҪһ𣬼ֱˮһ㣬ѹ¡
˵ÿλ¸һ
ʱֻҪ£һֻȻ



1819 쵶ն飨£
ѩŮһүҲһǾõ߳ɵҩ档񵤣ֻвʮˡȴֻʮһλͻԪЩһ̫ûá
ҲʲôţǴһЩ¿ƶ˼ҴϵģЩͷؤزѾʮڷˣҪҪ̫ߡ
ճЦֵҩ÷ʱҳһЩԪٻ˶ˣûһΥȷĹΪʦܲܿǲǡ
뵽Լ鶴֮лǧǧңճ͵ʮ㡣
˵ȥַһֱûг
ڷɽ֮ʱҲûѧʲôַûʲô
ΨһĴУɽ̨ɣɵ伮ȫ˳ְֵĽ̻
Ҳˡ
һЩԪڵĵҩƣҩʵ˷һЩ
ֱܲǳҰɣǸ˷ѡ
һǧҷֳʮݣͷ棬Ƴɵ
֮ճԽ
Ѿתģ˼Ϊ׽ģԼ£ҲǲԸй¶ֺ
èѾ㹻ˡ
ЩһֱзߣʵǱŴɳĹ
ﳤĻ䣬ѳɴ˪ѩ֮󣬲ܳø׳
ȻһЩӣЩź
ϲľһ

ξˣʹһ𡣡
ʾճӭæҾ״ȴһ˿ΪȻ
ΪЭӣʵߣƿС
Щǰˣֻһճζξʵˡ
ˣѯǧʿ飿ǵݲ𣿡
ճֺǺǵʵƺûзֶԷ̬ȹŹ֡
ǡսڼԱʿԽԽãݻܳ£ֻ˼ʹ֪ˡ
δ˵ֻͷǰ·
ʱͽ裸ڡ
ܱ¯յѾһЩ紺ʱϹʮƷĿŮһ̺š
һ֣ųʳ硣һڱɫľƽĿܵĺһڳ۾΢΢ǷһӣˣգǴʵ
ճ֮Ҳ¾ٱЦʹǺøӾɶ
ֻϧ̫С˻֮ĲκΣ̾һƺЩʳ֪ζֵ֪׼һս¹شҲɴᷲᰲݣᰵѰƣȴԬʧ˷ִ硣
᷾ݴʷ붫ڣٴһù
ңʮֽᣬΪףƽ￴ʮֲ˳ۡ䣬裲¶׿µĶһλ
ԬȻԬˣʱǲ̫ء
ȫԹְӰԬ˵ӱ鲼¡
ᷣ裶ǲΥԬҺ
˥΢Щ˸ԴСžţһҪȡͣһҪʵʵΪý
ճ֪ʵ˵᷵飬̽Լû˼װͿýʹ֪ǳ̻ᾭӪ꣬ҲΪۼһЩ֣ΪʹЧʷʲô㣬ȻóѡЩȻδսȴǾ׳úܣҲûʤ㡣
˵ĲǶҵӱʱвǿԳͷֻҪ𣬾һ󹦡̾ҡҡͷ֪ô˵ˡ
һԸˮһԲʹ֪ˣսۣȴͽƥ֮¡һڰУʲôأ֮ʱֻҪס̫شˣһ
ճﲻֵǧҽǲҪΪãϾֶ̫һЩԾԼݺ¼ף̫ظǿṩģǶ˶ӡ

ճЦ
˵ʵû칬ʮϵľнǧ֮࣬һЩͷӶˣⲻʲô
ˣλ̫أʵֻ̰ȥһҡź
ңճԶָƣߴвɰӡ
õǧ⣬ܱС
һȻǾ˽ĽӣǸ
ƽĿԼã͵ճԼˡ˵ʲô¼ײȱ٣Ȼǿ
û˵ˣǶӣҲˡ
Ǩٷ֮ģǧûзݵġ
ӸϣճԼɵҪְλϣѾȨˡ
ûɫļһҷŶ㶫Ȩǧ͸ҲϺðɡճҡͷ
֪裺ЩˣʵͿ͸Լǧӵźε뷨Ҳ
죬۾ֻ˰ƴСһƬա
ԼξҲֻǳŸѡ
ʵû˿׳־
һԼ£Ǵˡ
ճԤ㵽֮ʱԼұҲκ֮ء
ǻ裰ȫ
ЩˣʱΥ˽ԳǾʹ˿Ϊһ棬ʧܡ
룬ȻʧЦЩ飬ȻǼв
ԼҪʵǸһѡ
һһݵˣȻſ̨̤
룬ĲҪ
ԭķչ켣λ̫شңͳԼһӣʱһǡ
ףճƱЦĩʡãǧұͱΪӪǶ̶࣬ӣûйͣҲпͣȴǲ֮
˾ͺá
ȻٱԼǮֲԼҾȨָӣɵڡ
ϾԷǼжһԱͽ㹻ˡ

ʮ壬ϸ
ų˰٣򡣾׳


1820 ں֮ڣϣ
׿ϵ֮󣬸Ԫƽ
ƽԪ£ճһڽ˳澳ڡ
صأԴӻƽұݺ󣬳⵽˼ƻػߣ׹Ǳء
ضȺۻ۳Ĵǿ׳˳Ǳ
ȵɢȥطûһʮϢ޷ָ
ߵĴϣĬĬǰС
ճԶǶǧҶ档
һЩǰ˰ŮӪˣѩŮͳŮӡ
Ů֮ֻܹаλеӳɲűҪһЩ
Ҳܵ˵Ů̫ϲɱɱĿѾܲ
ȻҲΪ칬ϵŮȽ١ʷԭġ
ʳţʧ֮УкǱŮҪࡣ
ⲻŮ顣
ôһЩɥӣѰСŮޡΪū¥ѧ
кûô㣬ʱֵ̫Ǯ߶߱ߴӵɱһƬء
ѵöࡣ
һôǣ˰ŮӪ͵Ĳʮꡣ
ⲢǾûʹϵӣŮսΣĽڣ࣬塣
磬ƴҲҪﵽƽҲעⱣǵʮˣȻͲϡ
սɶշ¶ޣŪԼһ׷ͷòıϾ
̫עˡ
ճʱãЩͷģĵӣں棬ʵЩӰԼýɵ档
ѩŮǻãһƥСػسš
öϴõú죬ʱʱһԵʮ硣
ŮӪ棬ѵǲ´󹦣ýͣӴ˳פղ𣿡
١
ŮߺӦܵҳһŵĶͣðɣˡ
зŹ⣬ʵ̫˷ˡ
ɶѵһһŵģϡѩ·ϣһоϡ
Ķ¡
ǱϾְҵˣûܵкö˸Ǹոոӣӷ̹ŵķؼ
ŵźԪǣûɱʲôˡ
Ҳûд̵׼
Ψһ֧ӦģȻһǻж֮ģ͸ԸѪ
Ȼʲôפղϡ

ŮӽߺȣһˮȻ˳žһԣûǺ
һ࣬Ҳ̲ס¶Ц⡣
λξ̫쿪ˣѵ֪ŮӲ˴Ӿ𣿲˵⣬ս͵ûУЦİɣ
ƿһԼ֮Ծ׳ЩĿӣɱڡ
ľξ߰ġңЩŮ֮⣬ǧļҶ棬ҲǺ޶ͣɿġڴвҪӲˡ
裶ЩԼǲ̫ðʧѡˣ
ӣôҲǴ֮š
ⲻʹ𣿡һһЦָӵöģҲֻǧ棬ں֮ڣҲûа취
ɵġ
˶ξְ֮⣬ҪְλսȫƿԼʲôʱҲֲһ½
˵öԣˡĶξǶһ֮ţ۲Ұôá
һЦ⡣
裷³ԼĺС¯¾֡
Ůϸķ£֮и·Ҳòôˡ
˵᲻ĴΣװģƭҵĿ
ҡΣ΢΢Щһ̾ƽһɻʵ
ܣ˵ʹѾﵽ۷׶ΣҪͻڣܿ͸˵£䡢ϻƽս̸֮в©˿˿켣ġ
ŵúܣº룬԰һЦûκһˣʿǰװŪġֻЩ˿˵ƶѣֺļ֮ҪԸһıͿŪڹ֮ϡ
ЦʮֵĵҲԣһç򣬵õŵĵطҲ̡̫
ϧѦǼһԲģȻһѸУǽҲѰһ
ҲգԸ𱬣ҲûܵˣѰһѱʡɷ֡

ͷǰ̫ض˵Ľ̸ճһ㲻ȫڶС
Ԫ񾳽Щ޿Ѿﵽ˴ɺڣĳֻӶҪǿСΡ
־磬֮ͥϣҲһλˡ
Ͷ㣬һɽûɼҷĹȣһ
գˮݣϣָľ־ˡ
ۣ˽׶ξѾλ񡣲˵ѵġ
ڿƼᣬѾάȳˡ
˵Ҳܸ˺ÿһιǴһϲάȽеĽά
˾ôңڸߵȵġ



1821 ں֮ڣ£
⻹ֻԪ񾳽磬ճˡ
ǰѻųɱʮˡ
ظ̣ˡ֮Уһȭ䣬򶼻ᱬ
ֹΪôԼǸŻ̫Զ
ճһҲ⡣
ô˵ô˵ʵǰƣ硣
ʵѹĵزͲ̫ˡ
ΨһĵľˣԼľݽ硣
뵽磬ճЩΡ
ԪѹƣòҲɼ¡
˵ͨͨȽϣա
ֻҪ޵磬󷨣ղ֮壬Ҳûãﲢóѵ
Բаóȫÿһվǻᱻݽա
ó̫𣬻ķɹ
ճȥԣҲȥԡ
ȻѹƵʮֲ泩Ҳûкô
٣еͷļ£Щ
һ¡
ϹӶ飬ͺʵͻǿ
һʧһðɡ
ʧȥѣԲļԣ
Ҳֻ˼ȴÿ˶еġжؾж㣬ѵ˻ʸ͵Ե
뵽֮£һӶᱻЩʵ֮ճͺ⵱ǰ
ǣ㲼֪ܵͼģʲôʲôķѹɣ
̧죬ճòóϷ
Ϲ˻ʣȷŶصı¡
ԼΪ磬ߡ
籾ˣûͼҲûһ㡣
ֻǰ̽ȥܸӦһ˵ˡ
˼ĺƴˣֱƴ纣󣬶Լְξõһˣһˮ
ȫɱȽϡ
֪ջġòֻΪԣù
ճĬĬ˼ţûͷ
֪ԼõϢ̫٣Ƶ
Ҳżһ
Ҫ֮£ֶ

ǿиӦԶǰɷ
ǿ߾ۼһ͸
ճǿԪվЩôȻʵòӦǿõȻûʲôʵ塣
ǰˣԬܡԬܲ١Ѿϵʮ·ټǶʮ·
ԪǹĹӣճ㱨
ʮ·ÿһ·ٴʮȻΪתݣȴҲƺƴ󡣡
гɳ̫ıҲ٣ս֮а򡣡
ܹжٱʿΣܲսճ΢΢üԼ֧ҡҡͷ
϶ǧӣܹҲûһ
Ȼڣһǧˡ
֮оǵס
ͬƿһ裶Աµӣֱˡ
ܼԼһʮضפ󲿷ˣӪڻҰ֮УԻΡ鱨Ϊǿ׳
Ԫ̧ɫԾԾԡ
˵Դ֮ûоս
ǰһЩ꣬һֱΪ沫ɱ󹦷ãʵУһֱ۸š
Դճ֮ʲôȱˣȴʱֻŵӣҲûгֵĻᡣ
ÿﲻǽ̵ǾеأʵƵòС
֮ʱȻҲ޵ɱ֮ãҲãսҲգδ̲סį
ϾϺɾ
ϰɷҲǳɾΣͷ˼⡣
ֻеȵɹɻν֮󣬲ȫԣ֮塣ʱʱȻС˼һսɣҲֵҵȵ֮ˡ
Ԫ룬Ȼг
˫΢΢žâֻ޲һ˳ǹս˷칦͡
ƽ£ʦҵɡ
ûճλʦĴֻ˵ʵڵģԪͶ̥Ұ治١
ɹɽԺ־Žôɹ
Ԫ뷨ճʵһ
ôͻƣʲôʱ٣ҲһҲûżλӡ
ֱ˵ˣԼΪûﵽĵز
һͻƣܿ©٣˲вס
ճȻŵҪȫˡ
Ԫس磬ҲԼ磬Ǹˡ
ôЩѾĹ鸽Լʦ֮ǳϳϿҿң¡ʲôǰ̣ȻҲÿһݡ
ⲻãҲ飬ȫϵ໥֮ĸ顣
Ķⳤ
ʥѩŮԼˣҲͬˡ
ճûн˼֮ǰкܶ鶼ùŷ򲻸Ϊ
˵һԵĻɽҰɣһӾͳˡ
һϸԭͷǽս⻹ˣжΡ
Ųźܿͻţ
һ˵ù𣬺ܾܿŵĹעʱ򰵵ʹӣ¸֣ԼǳԲ˶ߡ

֮ǰڳһĴӪ
һƽԭԭũҰߣͳͱ֮ء
ݡ
һֱ֧ƿգ߲ʹâڰҲԵ΢΢ҫۡ
ͷһȻƿ̧ȥо¶Цȫֹǰ
Цһ֮£һƥ߿ӱޣԹǰ
ŻԶͿЦ֣ϵ֣û뵽Ƿ絽ˣɺɺ٣ʧ񡣡
Ԫΰ˵Цˣ㻹˾תóһʲô裬ȻֻһǧǣȴŰǧ˳ģƾݣԶԶ
ӭǰ˵ģһ԰ʾʮꡣ
Ʋ룬̬ϣ·硣
һøС
ǲܲˣȻ˲֮ճµתϳ˭
ӭһȺȻ٣˵һȥǿλ
Ȼĳƽƽ棬ȴǸ



1822 ͷУϣ
ʱܲһߴ۽꺺ЦԪΰò粻٣Ҳʣֻｫɲ̫˵
ǹˣճһ԰˦㣬쳣ﰵЩĽ
֪һλʲôȱǲȱƥ»رһ֧ӡ
ｫʵԬܵԺš
Ӳ̫صͷ磬ԷΪҲû˵ʲôǡ
ճûǺֻ̳ǰһ
ֻһȺ֮ԣò졣
Ϊһˣ˫۹ϥĿˮ
ˣ۹ڣһ˲ž׸ۣȻǣ꺮ů˯һ
ǿ˰ɣճһ񺮣ĵλ¹ȷеá
֮ϳ泤ֱۺºһԭ򣬻һԭһһλ׳ʮۡ
ԱȻ¼ƾɣȴңϼһҪ͹
һ۾΢У˭ûۣƺ˭Ҳһͭ壬˵ʱ˫üšɷ档
ǹŷɣվλã˴ʱӦõλ̫ߡ
ôأѵʱδ빫£Ҳûбϣ
ճɨȥûмλԺİǹʱƻδͶ趣δ
Ȼһܣλӱɽ涨Сֶ֮ʱ꣬ѧյУδʦ
ûճҲû̫źȥ־һ棬ûбĶ˼
Լǧӣˣʮλȸߵ͡
ƾٳɫĽ죬Ҳôһ¡
һЩѧرʿӣԼͳŶزŻĽϡһЩ
ϧǣݣ˲ţôҲԼġ
ûܲ١趼ûԼһûһ棬λҪһء
˭֪㶫ξĿŴİ⣿οһ̫صĽ졣
Ҳܺ⡣
裼ˣʱճһԣûаܸλСܲ١ĵûȣһŴӪȥȥԬܵˡ
ҲһѣЦӯӯ
ˣ´ʱҲһƽԭǹ趵ͬѧΪ¬ֲĵӣҲ١Ȼıֻǧֵܾ׳úܣһʮܴ򣬱Ҳ߿ֵġ
ڲܲ٣˵ˣʱȻСǮŵĲܼһڣ׳ͣɱڡ
Ȼ˰˰䶼ףһǾ
ԼսɢɢƤ׵ǧҽȫˡ
֪ҲԼùһЩûɽСˣǮƣ˭ȵµĳ̻᣿
ճЩ۲ֻҡҡͷҲȥڡ
ݲϲΣѴǮõðװսҲʡ
ԼǮıǶ裵ģԼģȫ˵
ֻԼҽõĴ᲻ʲôе뷨ԼŶξǰΪһֲۣǾͲˡ
ͷûʲô֮˵ߵͣ˭Ϊ˻Լǿ
ҲôһЩܾпʵ۹⣬Ȼ˴ǰ˵ĸλ
ҲΪˣճµıʵûܿóҲûӡ
ճҲٲǰˡ

룬Ӫ˻նݣĴ̡
һʮŶĳ棬ճҲû
ǣҳһţһһѵȴǴδʶ
ͳһľֻҪս»ᱻһĶƣ޵
Ԫ˸ӪկҲ̾Ϣһ
ҲΪԪǰսճãתͷЦʵ
ԪĻó϶¡
ʦ𣬲սҲͳ֮Ȼܵõ̫ĻԵΨһĺôǿԾĵԡڶ֮УǾġ
á
ճȻԼľˡ
Ц֮ʱ㻪ɽưԽڴʱҲ¡
ٻŮɽˣÿһ磬ն˵ǰ۷壬ֱǸûӪȡŻ뿪
ͬ磬ľʡ
ԼЩ֮õģ֮еľҲһʷ
ôһԼ±Ĳ˵پλоͳ󽫡
ӣйսɱоģ鱨е֪Ҳһǧˡ
һŻᣬҲԱѧ
ڳ칬֮УҲѧսġŮӣҲĲçӢҪǿϲ١

ʱٰܲţɱż죬ġ
λ֮Եã˭˵ϼ仰Ĳɻ书ԼƲǶһ
ˣ˴Ϊ̾
ʣʹһͨ׿ʩĶУΪٵһЩᣬλԱʼ̸ֶơ
ȣǺ̫˳ֶ԰£˺ңλĿɸأж֮ءͷУǻ˵ͳһ



1823 ͷУ£
ﻰһ䣬ֳͱʮּžû˽ǻ
ǸɽҲǸʮҫְλһ˲ҽӡ
ӵˣûݵλо۹鼤
ճվ󣬲ûλֻǰ۹۱Ǳǹģһԡ
ʵϣҲûʸԡ
ΪụһᣬоһۻЦȴǲܲ˵ˡ
վЦݵԬŶ֮ᣬΪ
һʮϣˣ֮λǱɣҵķ
ǻ͵еడ
ճһۣͼԥݴʷׁơݴʷᷡڿ̫̫㡢̫裡ɽ̫Ԭšݴʷǫ˶ʹ
ЩЩԬܱ˽ãЩԬҹʾһЩܵĶݡ
Ԭҽ˶٣Яӵеࡣǣ״ʵģܲܲ飬ʱͼˡ
ֻǣԬ۾ϴ󣬿Ҫ͹ˡĶԬܣȫŶԷ
λȻǲͬˡ
֣֮ԬΪԬҵӣۼȴԬλӱȥû˰Լˡ
ճҲλϲŭɫ̬ʵڲãҲӦá
ʿʹ·λ͵÷Ҳ֪ջǴ£ûзҲǺ±˿ԬҵЦ
ԬмݴʷҲǲͬġ۾һԣΪȻ
һλԬܵ٣ݵĵ̡ԬĲ֣Ȼûȥ֧µĵ
̫ؿڡƽ̫ع趵ҲǲͬģЩûгżҪͬҲû˵ĿˮС
ֺģԬǫ˵ļ֮£Ӧ֮λ¾彣Ȼϡ
齣ָѪ̳֮СҲңʸʧͳ׿ݺŰաܵȾɥѡͬˣ¾³ڣ޶־ˣ׹޿飬ʵԼ֮
ĴʶѾ׼ˡ
ճЦ֪֮λʵڶ
ոյһֻ֣߸
ѪΪˡ
Ԭ˴¶ΪӢۿ֮ȷܹƻġ
òݣĸߴ󣬼ӵĸţ佫ȡ
һۿȥЩ֮
ߣǲ۲Ŵԣſȡֵ֮Ǻܲġ
ųƽƽĲܲ٣ʵҲǾˣӢ䲻Ŀ
Ͳ˵ˣǼһһʣֻҪһۣ˰ѣ
Ĳϲ˵⼸˶׳󣬸зʣճҲȥϸ̽ǵΪﵽһ
棬ȴǿˡ
Ԭܣǲܲ١ʵѾͻż
Щ಻磬ô֣Ǵĸ֡
ѹǲʸɱС
ҲԣǱʵ̫ڶ֮ʱͲ֪ĸɽ
ܲʱ̿ͣսҲܹӴţٴ󽫶ˣǲ
أǰڴӣ콻֣ûܵƣûսûмˢӣôҲ޷ġ
˶͹ǵա
ճŸˣֻʷϻǺвͬġ
ӪλûϵԼҲû˰Լһ£ЩŴϷЩˡ
ﶼС̣иȴ˵
֪ģӪú˯һһԪ񡣡
ҲԼһʮֲ͡
ü۵վڹ󣬺ǹ˳Ҳ֪ʲô
ŷȴǰλضүʱʱбһۣȻǿۡ
ȻܿΪԼûŪһλﲻ
һλˣԼͱ˵һȡ
ƺ񣬹ͻȻתͷйâһ㡣
ճЦЦӻֵк
ʷУض֮ǧţﵹҲЩġ
ճ֣üͷ΢΢壬ĿʮĮȻתͷƣȻûϡ
磬ôˣŷɸоղͬʵ
ԱСոڹ۲ǣ֪ʲô⣿
۾У˵һ䣬ٲԡ
ŷ˵Щ֣֪ԼҶԸ˵ǾǺܺˣܵһв
û˵ǵطйʲô佫ʲôţƺûܹ
룬ҲᣬֻǾĵž˽
Щ֮ĹϵҲúܺã̸£ʵûлѶʱ䡣
ֻԬܵ䲻ţȻһְ͹λսʱɲΥС˵ͷֵԬܶݣӦӪʹȱһΪȷ棬ֱˮս¸λҪΪӦ
ʱվӦŵԸΪǰ
ˡ
ˣееѣ㲻˼ġ
Ȼᡢܲ١Ҫȣɱʵɼҡ
Ҫ£ΪΪһǰ̡
ʱΪɳ̫أֺǿȻȳȻû˻ûȤķԡ
Ҳûá
ԬȻͬ⣺̨ңɵΡ
ȷٺͶٶҾλ
ճӪŻԶ֮
Ҳ֪ԶսǸλ֪һȫۣԲŷں󷽡
ճҲעЩԸ±˾ְȥԼǧӡ
ûʲôٵġ
ǧӱͲΪΪսͳ˧ġ
һŽȥͳǧһⶼûС
ʱȻûôͳ죬ǲǿ
ʱҲûʲôýʡģճԸѩŮǻж񵤣ȫȥɣĽ׵ǾͻףһսҲǺõġ
תַԸس磺㿴ſڣǰսϢδʱôš
ǣʦ𡣡


1824 ϣ
سһôʵļʣʲôʱЦȫûֵǣĵá
һ׺Ұһ㡣
֮ʱΪһ֣֮
ԪĹҵճƿµӡسͣʲôճ
Ҳֻ߸ƣҲҪˡ
ѩŮͳ˰ŮӪ֮⣬ƿ鱨
֣ճҲõϰߡ
ԴӵӪ֮󣬾æŷ̸
ʱԬǱߣÿȵյģȫճξԼһ
ճҲֵˣʱҲûʲôύ뷨
ԼϵҲš
λȫʮ㣬Ϊڰٶ֮£׿ȫһ
Щ˴ʹˣʶ׿ĲǣԼҲû塣
û£ȻҪһ¯ҩµӵʵһЩźá
ǰǱӵ뷨ٸҩǺ쳾
ȴǲͬ
ֵ֮ʣЩҲ֤Լġ겻ˣʦҲĲ̰ܰһѾͰһѡ
ΪһԪһЩôҲʦͽһ

һգճһʮԪѩŮɵ֧нλӡ
μʦ𡣡ʮλſڵأЩ˸ݺᡣ
ճһȥͼλ׷࣬һ¡
ǱֱδĵӰɣֻʮλˣ˰ûԹֹΪʦܶ
Ӳңʦ֮£֮ʱδּʦգ󸣷֣Ļ룿
ǹɣ˵ɶʯפʮ꣬սܴʮ࣬һν֮ŵͻ׵ġ
ǣӲʦˡ
ӯճǵĵεΣ¿޵һ㣬ԲѲѡ
ѧ츳ʵܲˡ
ʮͻĽףԲϳҲ˼úܡ
ò֮ǰӦǸ½ˣõǵĵط츳ҪҪЩѾĵǣǾǺġ
ճºͣÿһŻԪɡԺڼѫ˵һϣԪûġ
лʦ𡣡ڵߵס
·ҩ
ȵʱȥͼȰ׷ԲԵͷѾ׷תڣϢĵţǿࡣ
ȫϲɫоͳ߳ķ֮ˡ
ѾˣѾΪۣɼԶ
ɱɱնݡ
ʮУʮĽ۷ӵͻף߰Ϣ͸ۿŹ˶Ҳͻơ
ճҲ⣬ĻԪЧǲ
ȥüһӻء
ճҹͣΪıʱѩŮˡ
үȻ㣬̨Ѿ۽ʮʱӪ֮Уݡ
¡ճЦأԬΪԬΪ١²󹦣ҲÿԸԸ⣬˳ȣ϶ʮˬ
ߣȥˡԪǰʮһΣǲϹۡ
˴ˣͼΧһȦ
ԬΪָ룬Ŀӥˡ
ԵԬȴ΢ƲϴЦ
Ԭ·˹ˮԡˮƴɱȴݣ˹ܶأν͡
ǰųݵ׳ᣬʱ˫۳죬Ԭͬͻһ
Ѻ;٣ٴתǰݣ̨̫ܵˣ̫áҪԮҲȻûǸ£ͲҪ
ԬƤϷĵĳЦǺ
ǣˮػոǿĪһ˻Ը̨٣ս֮ңն˶´󽫺Ҳй
ĹͣףïŹӲдͻʵ
̨սСһ׮κȴǳ־û񣬵òʧˡ
ȰȰϡҲ٣һЩ᲻Ԭƴ࣬ҳһš
ճ֮󣬾ͼһԵʹüۣȫһʡȻ˭ҲƵ̬
ĬĬվλ̫ص֪ҪŶԷλҲ롣
λǰ㣬͵ģȲͷ֡
ʱ䣬ݴʷᷣ༥Ҳҷֱһ㡣
ȫڶ֮ʱһԾŶģ
ЩֻڶԸ°ʱԸǿƵˣûšճ裾ˡ
Ҫƣɵ٣һ쵽ȥԬܵƨȴףһ˲ӲĻǾͳ˭š
ˣ¾ʹգᡣ
Ԭܱ۽ķæˣڵǰձ֮ܲǲԽɱɥʿְ̨ڻ֣֮춯Ϊ֮κΣ
ճԬһ˵۷׷ף龭
˵ֶȫһЦ
ȷְ֮ˮء
ʱ壬´ͣȻʮ㣬Ҫͷ
뷨Ҳһˡ
ñ౫ž۲ִ󹦡
һƹأǾͷ⹫ָտɴˣǰ˴󹦣ְС£ؼҪġ
ԬΪƣһԭˣһԭ򣬾˸ɫڶ׿Ȩ㳯ҰʱԷӲɳܲΪ̿ҪѶɱ
ȻûгɹҲ´Ϊʡ
Ҫžɳĵܱܵǧһˮ
˰ǿˣҲԼ
Ҵǧˮһսȫû䣬Դȫձࡣ
ûУû۴ؽݱ˶
ȥʱǲͬ
ųƽͻ½Ķ࣬һսͰѻ۵ĸȻս˶աȻسǣҲû¶ࡣ
λԬԬЩΣˡ
ͷͻ˹ؿڽ޷ǾҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣа򾫱սһЩʱͬǡ
ҪԸȶԸ׿Ҳɲȥ
ǣԬֵ֮ܲ
һǹȫԬѹȥٺʲôã»֮ʱͻҪˡ
Է³̡
ԬŪôһʮ·ֶĴϷôΪ¡һֵ̣ģϽ
Ԭ˸ơ
תݵĴȨ𣿵٣һϷ
Ĵ֮ʱ۳һնɱ
˴󽫣Ǳɽ
ȥҿܻһʲôĿĶﲻˣԼǣ̵ţȫûС
ճۿڸ˼㡣
øţȻûлᣬҲֻܲҪˡ



1825 £
ո˾ͼѾƽʲô¶ûһЦ¡
Щ˳Ǹǰ滹ðɣܿƽ
Ԭֵܼ֣ʹ趡
֪ɱƽ¹ͣǺ֮󣬵ȡλһϯ
ܳı飬֡
Ĺŷɶɣ¶ѵõЦݡ
ԬһЦǾͣǾ֮󡣡ŵŵǡ
˼Ǹʼˣ㹦ͺʵ㲻ʲô
ӵܾôҲȻûһ˾⻰ס
ճΪԼҲôģΪҲ΢΢ͷû
ЩСļӰ졣ʵҵɳӣСľӪҲǿԾӪһҴġ
ճŵʧ
ǰȷҪԸһЩҲû̫塣
ôԼЩȫĬĬţδκһ˵ע⣬зչʮֵ͵ǷԼ⡣
˵ˣʲô鶼õˣԼȡȡ¡
ȡΪܻܿʧһЩ˵ˡ
¹أó̫سկǰս
䣬ͻȻһߺȣд˽ڵء
һȫ৵Ŀᡣ
ðɣͷñӶնˣŽͻ
һʱ࣬ͷԣ
ûиոŭԬǡ
ôսˣܵûܶˣĲԡһǧһɣҲ˼ҵ°ܽƲӢۡ
Ԭܼһʱ䳡һʵս˭ӭУ
Ԭľʹһɫոձָ𣬲²̨ʱٴֱͦ塣
һԱ罫յźţ˳СԸ
Ԭܴϲս
ƲˣȥͼԶһԱҫȵǰҲ𻶺
ǰǹ٣Ѿս
ճңңȥͼǻ۱⣬ʮֿ࣬ͤ󵶣ɷһ㡣
嵽ǰһǹ磬ǹд΢΢⣬ʮֿݡ
˽һ뽨
ֻĽ۷壬һͻڣԬ£Ȼòѵûһ֪֮ⲻϸ𣿡
ճĿʮ֮ңܿϵĺë
ֻЦҲ񱼣ֻǵִ΢΢һġ
ǣһâߡ
ǹոմ̵ͬһ㣬ȫ顣
иǹա
Ȼͼһɫһ磬ӹ߳࣬˴նƬ
ѪĽ
ܻΪ֮һͣͻأһ
ôˣôˣ˭ʤ˭
ղԣȫɫһ䣬ЩǿģѾ֪ԣȴû
һᣬű˻뻪սϣһ˴նɱˡ
Ԭİŭ´󽫼δ򶨲ûС
һɳĽˣģ汾첻ãӡ
ճúЦ΢΢ҡͷĵѹֺ룬һһӡ
Ǽãô˸أ
ıΣλǿġôԬ󽫣ˣܲǸ֡
֮ܵ죬޻֮пԿ۵ǿ
һʱ֮䣬˶ģﰵԼ½ǳսֻжʤ㣿
̫غһƣȫˣЦϽ˷նۡ
˫Ͻ˷
һ΢΢ϲ
ʱಢδ˷Ϊݺ󽫣˶˵ġ
ȻƽǶĶ಻мҲԸ԰ϰ
ʵϣЩսˣĻΪӡ
ԬܱԸźͷԼҰģ뺫ͷƽʮּҡ
ʱΪȻֹ˷ս
һΣȻ˷ս㲻ʤҲڰȥҲ
ȾƵȴţԶȲһһ
һᣬ˷ｫҲնˡ
ݡ
һƶûˡ
Ԭһ̾ϧϽĳˣһξ廪ۡ
ǿᣬʿ֮䣬ɽǰԶ
ǿһز˺սûõģԺе
ԽԽʢû˵ֵЩǾĽܽ˲ˣʮˡ
ܲܿ
˼ͽͷһ弴ɢǻʲô
ճ΢΢һһۣλ̫شͷ͵һ㣬ûгͷ˼ЦЦ벻ˡ
ʱӰһһߴվ˳У𣺡СԸնͷ£
ճһ㶣ָĵһ
˿ȥųߣ׳ߣۣԲü棬ӡоʮ͡
˭Ԭɫһʵ
һ˵Щǰֲ˵ġ
ҪսҲгʾõλϿɣܳ
һλãֱԽսûйءЩ
æԲ˵°ݵܹҲ
ЦҲ΢΢ҡͷò˵
ʦܣǸһԷûأ˹Ҳ޹⡣
Ӻְ
ɫˣһ֡
ʲô
˴󻩡
ԬԻ޴Үһ֣ԣҴ
תĿԬɱڣ㱩ŭڣһȻ
ܲЩ鲻ǿ˹磬ʱλǴ󽫾ȣæ·Ϣŭ˼ȳԣԣԽ䲻ʤֲ١
Ųܲ˵Ԭˡ֪ʲôܺǳ⣬ʲô˲㲵档
ܲٽύܹ㣬ҲСԬҲΪһ佻
Ԭҡͷһλϣ˭ɳ
һȦӦĵЩ˿϶Ҳܲӡ΢ŭȴ¶ֻҡͷһֳս²Ц۴
Ԭֵһγһ£ǳ´壬ǿ档
ôһ֣ϹҲס
ճһԿţɫˣҪ硣֪λض϶Ҫóɱ֣Ҫ¾״ʤͿԼͷʲôġ
Ҳȥˣһ˳һ˵òֳӭսۣ͵Ⱥ佫Ȼһֶ硣ǵЦҵܴ衣



1826 ²֮ϣ
ճվһֱϢΣעĿ
ʱһ˹ǰ΢΢
ֻĤһʹͷ죬˹
ճҲǲѣòҲòͷ
ùսɣ¾ն˻ۣ´Լʲô£
΢΢óЩҲˣķڷʱǫõʱ򣬶ҪóսȨ
ڶ׿Уʢܸһͷһһ佫ͷ
ȻҪһЩͬһӪֲɱ˲Է
λȻΪԼŲ۵½˭óϣǻ۵ȷ¶
ɱȶ佫ȡˣ˻á
ճһͷųѹѹȥ
Ԭɫһϲæ裣˭
Ҳɻ
Щ裴δܹԼ¡
ԭҶΪĬĬŵʱһƣֻǿžɽһԨͣţΪˣﶼ֡
Ҷξ򲻵֮£һ֮նɱƽ½ܲ֡Ԫܡ
裲ѣǿЦ˵
ﰵޣȴǲòƼ
ֺܲԪܵͷʵǲ֪ġ
ƽ֮ʱЩ½вߣôöԸ
Բһ佫Իƽ춼﷭
ܹһɱ϶ѵø֡
Ȼݣһ˲šԪΰ̫صˣôһԱ󽫣ôҴŵģټΪЧ
һǿᣬزڻۡƲ裬뽫սͽ
λȫֵ̾ܿҪˡ
ĸڷ˶ءտĶ̣ҲһЩ
Щ˾ƾһߵﶼ㡣
ճһǣ㱻ݽѹʵҲǳ˿ɱȡ
һſ֮˾̫ͬһҫĿ˲ֱӡ
ȻҪģ製Ĺְˡ
ξΪһ٣׵ĶǧʯԱڳλȻ㲻ʲôΪ佫ְѾúܸˡ
ǰԬµҲֻʯԶԶûﵽȲΡ
ְ棬սƬ
ֱȻǶξΡ
Ҳճڶ֮ʱѾ˼ıһ߼ְ֮ԭˡ
ܼ򵥣˲֮ʱ˵ϻ
Ȼ̫ӣȴī˹ȥ
ֵܣһƽԭ࣬С٣ŷΪְֲ֣ûС
ǵķͷùɡ¾նۣӢսͲ˵󣬿϶ҲСȥ
ΪǵĹְ΢ºܲɱͷţźȶپƾʹ͹ˡ
µĹٴҲǱ˸ϻƽԭأûջ
ʲô
λûзȨ
ճݣ¹ͣԬԬҲܰѹȥ˵ˡ
ճԽԼ٣ֱӳ˵ûоҲû̫෴С
˶һЦԹ
Щһ֮ͨ£Խг
Ա߹ÿҪըˣһҪγѪ
ͺȵս󽻷ɲǿ˭ƯУǱնˣھ
ƳˣۣΪǣֿɱ
ճɫ޲ȻЦ
װƣ˭װض硣
ǣնһ۶ѣոͻ׺ڵĵ֣Ҳôһ¡
ܲĿȻά£ҲֻǾƫֵܡ
ʱճЦݲһΪ׳С
£λԵƬ̣ĳȥȥ
ճЦһ۸ոȺõľˮתꪣ̤ȥ
ѩŮسһԣź档
˿ȫòΣֻǲӦױӣҲΪ֡
Եţǰˣ۵ûš
ճС˵˸ƣѩŮԶԶš
˽Ծǰбָ棬΢΢Ź¡
Ҳǰ㣬֮ǰأ֮ʱȫһ
δ֮ǰճͰԼչ¶˳
֮ꪷǰ߽ɫâ졣
һһǰֱǡ
ɱ糱ܿŤˡ
ã
ʮţһʡ
ⲻ飬ֻ֮ǰƣʹжϵóʵΡ
δսѹˡ

ԶԶţϸ۾һУѪڣȴˡ
תͷŷɶһۣû˵
ȴףƾƣˣѹϸоŨŨв
Ǿĵţɫ
һεжˡ
̵޷Ǿλֵܵ͡
ΪƾʲôֵӢۿأôһʱۣ֮



1827 ²֮£
ͨһ۵²֮
Ծﵶͷû죬棬ǰͻ״Ͷˡ
˶ξҲ˻ȪҲ֪˭
ճ΢΢ǰָЦְɣʲô¾ʹҿͽı¡
Բѣ
ǰɱԱ󽫣ƶʢʱ򣬴ʱ棬ҲһһСȻԷƲףҲûʲô
һȣͤͬ쫷һ˹ХţǰڻΣⷽͬ񣬸硣
˵ɱɽϧ̫Сٶ̫
ճЦһһʢһ̫
ֻӰɭɭ滪֮һڳѽ⡣
ĳɼ俴ڿա
޿赲Ǻɫͷһ֮£ɢƬƬӰ
ʵĲͬϸǲ̫Զ
ֻûӳĳͻȻһ𣬿ʮ߰˽أ
۽һ߽âֱ󺧣æ͡
Ѿˡ
̫죬ڵƬ֮Уһӹ
ÿ졣
һͷصδȳͷ­Ѿ𣬾Ѫֱߡ
ճͣ㣬Գ棬ֽӹ۵ͷ­ץķ֮ϣת
ɽХ
ʿڿȺ

ʿȴȫסˣһ֪˭ͷ߰˲һʱһѡ
ճֻǿһۣûг˼Ҳûнս뷨
۾УһԱ֮⣬˶֮û˼ԼķͷȻǼþաλĶʼɡ
صǰճһ˦ͷ­ڵϡ
Ҳʵһסĳһ֮ûе̫ʱ䣬֪ɻܸϵֵһȾơ
ĪתͷȥͼǱ̾ƽ

ֻܲоڸ΢΢ЩɳҲûע⵽
ճȫ
϶ǰ£ˣȥͷʹɡ
ճˣҲ۶ҪðĹƳͣʱҲ˸СҲԼλ
۾Ǳ˻ع֮ʢǰƽʮľ͵˹£Ҫˡ
ճһη֣Ȼʮģȴȴˣǰǹǽδϳ
ң裻˾ļӣӪ̣Ҫս
ԼҰѶȫߣΧһţͬԼԬԡ
ҲһԳսλ̫ʮֲ죬ϲ֣ȴŰӡ
Σ˰
ҵٴһ㣬ҲѹƲס𣿡
ճȻ

ϵ֣ҪᣬԬȻƺܵӣʵȴû֮ءչòãͶҡ
ܲ۾ɵøͭһСȴûзŭֻڨڨЦЦתߡ
ճλʷϺų۵ļһûҲû
ܲǰ£Լ£ԼȻҲ£
ֻλͬĸ˵Լûе̡˵̣Ҳܽ
Щźˡ

֣֪д־ߡ˥΢ײУҪɨƽգӭӣʵǲܵġ֪Ըһ֮ʢ١
дҼֳͶ㣬ҲԼұǮ
ɫΪѣĻû˵ڣͱճȷˡ
ûôӦԣǱŭ
ڣȻֿĳҲ޻˵ֻϣղҪڲǡ
ĶӰĴҴ뿪ճһĨĹ⡣
үҲһ㣬΢ѣûʲô£ıҪɡԸ£ˡѩŮһŲܲٺԸ԰ţƺģһ
Ҳô˵ѩŮǱϾ˲ţȻ񻹿һþ۷ƣܴܽˡĸ£ǰǣֻԶѡ
⣬ճУվǵˡ
ʱмնɱǣȴҲԼʲôź
£Ǿ͹ֲˡ

һʱ䣬ߡ׿ˮأƾôսֻǲ
һʱ֮䣬Ҳûа취
򾫱һؿڣе걸ʮıҲѹ
ңȫͶ빥ǰ滢ιش׿ʮ򾫱ͬ塢żõĳ佫
еǰǣע
𿴶׿٣ࡣ
ʵսô㡣
ճųưʵֻһжΪ򸨱
սҲڸǿ±ľʵࡣ㣬ʮ㲻
ңսضıսҪһԲӲƴ
һϣһܴù֡
οЩ˸㣬ܺϱһһ幥
ƾͺ΢ˡ
˭ɱģǶʧ
ⲻһսʤܵ⣬Լıˣͻ˱ˣ˭Ϊ
ֻ̽һһɳս
˭ʤʿȻֻȥ


1828 Ҫôϣ
鶴˳УԭɺԵˮأʱһЩҫ
ɱ۲£¾Ҳûʲô̫Ӱ졣ճȴϲķ֣Լл˾ˣ֮ࡣ
ңֵ½֮С
⵽ʲôԭأ
룬ճ²ţųһЩ޵Ĺ۵㣬׵ľǣΪһս͸ǰµġ
дʤ𾪡
仰˵Լһսˡ
Ӵ¡
԰Ժ̸¾նͲò֣޲֮ʱԼΣ֣һնɱнʲôǴ棿Ǵˡ
˵ǰԼֻڶһ΢ھȫ¶źܴˣһͽͷٲ˵ġ
һܻˣͿˡ
ԭĹ켣չһս󣬾ʹһֱ£Ӷѡ
дԵľǲܲ١
Ϊ˵õ֪˶˼˶ٹȻûɣʵ̬ȴǱ¶š
ףһս֡
ߵӢսŷȳ֣ʮУȻԶٲ̫ʣչûжҲͳ
ͬһսĻһλǾǳɽĳһս
һٸСӡ
Щ죬õ֮ճҲû̫Ĺơ
ӪƷɾ
ѾȲˡ
ԴӺӱһѹ֮һЩΣԪΪҲ
ΪҪսǿᵱȻãԪΪܳΪ̰壬򣬾ûкùӳԡ
ԵĹƣԼסƽⲻˣܿһʮҡ
زصģܲܶһӰ
ԼҪˣⲻĳһŴжϣ²ɲ
ȻϽĻҲûʲôɵĵġ
һͲƿʱգҲԼʱļ磬ͥЩһǧΪô
ճ޷ܵġ
ճһ⣬ֻоͨ͸۷ԪЩ΢ƺż
ֻҪټһѾֱͻɾ磬Ӷ۽Դ˲ͬ
ԼԼģԪӦУѾ֮ܲУżӰӡ
ϢӴϺء
ƺֲڡȲڵɽ֮УҲ˼֮С
һʱ״̬֮С
ճ²ţӦǾݽۣ˻鱦
ҲЩΪһˣͥȡҲס˷Ŵᡣ
ˣͿҪͻˡ
նһսѾȷ˵˾°մҲ
ǰˣƲܲǰԾˣҲ
ôһճ֪ôˡ
Ҳ֤Լǰ·û
Ҫͻƾ磬һлʶޣͲңȥڵɽ֮ͥУܵõ˵ĻᣬȫԼͥζţͲҴ֡
ô˼£ǻûӦٶȶȡˣɼȶʵ
ֻҪռ˼֣ҪƶΣ˷붫ʱԼƿ˼Ϳ˳ȻĴвһ֣ٴȡ֮ͨ·ˡ
һճи̹޹ǡ

һգԬ裡šԬšڡǫ趰·ǰιӭСܲӦ
ȾǺ̫ӭǰڳơ
һ죬ǧս
ͷϽڣٻۣͷϵռʨֳֻꪣ˻
˭սң
Լףڸͷ֮ϣ컭ƽٵأ˫ݺᣬʮ
Ҳóӭս
˫֣սϣһնɱ
ֱˡճ
ѩŮһ͵ЦǶԶغû뵽£ɱ󣬴úڱ˳ʮ
λ̫غԬ˷Ԭܣȵüʱ±ˡسҲЦ
Ԫ㱨ʦʵ˵ãƴʤ㶼̫ߡƺǣһȻһȴǿþˡ
ȷˣӢܣ˵˲ӳˡԽǳ˶˲ţԽܷӳǿսԪԷ˱֣ʤֻ䣬ܡ
תͷسѩŮЦҲˣþѹϾгáѾ˼ս佫ˣܲ㶪
ճû˵Լսʲô֣Ҳûʣŵġ
߰ɣڵӣǰȻƲ壬ȻǵĿҲﵽ˲ǡʱɱķҲȥһ
ճɱ˻ۣͷ˰ˣܷŹ
Ȼͻǰֻǰ˺˻Ļ̡̻



1829 Ҫô£
нԶԶȥֻƿͣɱˣȴǱͻɱĺѡ
㡣
һԱ׳쿴ۣﱼֳ־޴Ȼӭϡ
۾УƷһֱսʮϡ
ЦһȺȻӳƬ󶼺޵ġ
컭ꪻѪ⣬һɨ䣬ն˺潫һֻ첲Ҳ˳ȥ
Ǳ̫ͽ䰲˵䰲زأͼϧȻֻǵʮС
ѩŮ䣬
ʱоҳһѷ㣬Դܹסճǰе·ôҲ첻
Ԫǰгǹ㣬ɨ·ʿϣЩɨ÷Զﱩȵÿ
Ҳ֪ԬôȾģȻǵӪ棬ǴĻǣˡ
ڳͬһ㣬¼ûж֣Ź⣬޲óȥսٻغϡ
Ҳȥˣ˴ͻǰã趰ˡѩŮ̾ϢͻȻһŷȥˡ
ʱѾǰճˣͷǧӽ棬սܣԱȫһ
ŷɹȻͣн£ҪԲۣ룬ͦɰìУռūߣŷڴˣ
˴˽Ҷ̡һλɤżȴרŽҶֱ̣ðɡ
ì档
ԭը죬ŷì˻֮Уһ޴֣ì浯綾š
һƬڹ̵ÿ̷һΰȫ
ãȻи֣ڣ˷ˣȴǲ
о˾
ͷѪһ񣬾ͳһ޴ִӰԶɱֱ͸ǡ
ìײţһȦںⲨɨ
ٲڣⲨɨеʿͬһĴҷɣڰվѾѪ硣
ԽԽ죬սʮϣԽ˷ܣҪóȫ
ͷ޴ⷨſУֱۻóӰ
컭ԽԽ죬ԽԽһѪɫݺ˺ѣŷһһˣֱʮಽ
ºϰҡҡλεģŲˡ
սʮϣճͷ֣ŷͷ¼ʪ͸ȻҪˡлꪵֹͷ˷Ѿʵʡ
з䣬ȴֲ֪Ǻá
ʱµ϶ѾϹˣҲûʲôֶʹ
ЩѾ½أûȥô顣
һЩܲ١裵Ѿת󣬼ճϵĵһ
佫սȻӣʿʮֲ󻰣ȴԽսԽ£ÿһ󣬾Ǽ尾
ŷΣҲ˲ð˵һᵶǰй
ϳ淺⣬âԽԽ
ս˫۸߾٣һ¡
֮УһԼԼ֣˻ſХţͷն䡣
һλ֡˫ð⣬軭ħսŶˣʾ
ս˶ʮϣŷҲŲסˡֳȥ˫ɽһ硣
Χһսײ졣
ʱſ
ԬƤֱһҲԼµļǵôĺǿû뵽ֵܱҲ
ܲû˵ֻǿս֣۹˸ţ֪ʲô
Ҳ̾ϢԼûͽ
ĸ֣һ˿ɵǧ
ʵϣǿ֮⡣
Χ֮£տʼռһϷ磬ʮϣͱˡ
򣬶Թ˵Ĺֻ΢΢ڵΣƵ
趼״ȣл
ս꣬ץסսס
һʱһʱ춷òʤʤͿ¾ˡ
޳ܣԶ๥١
ԶԱɫͬʱһ䣬󣬳
Ƕˡ
Ҫսճ̲סˣǰ塣
֣ⷽȷǳ²࣬ѹƣȴǴһࡣ
Ʊᣬɾ޵ңȻҪΧԷ
Ӯ˵ҲˣʷϾʤд߿ʼǳսֱΧ
ʲôֶζʹˣȻûΣЩѿˡ
˵úǼ֮סĹ˵òʵˣ
ԺôԼӢ¡һսᵽӢս
սƽ˼һܹ
ȫ£ֻһˣҲҪΧ涼Ƕˡ
ճսȵ
Ͻңһǿѹȥ
תתȥˣ˴΢΢һ٣ɢ˿ͣж
ȫоһɱļ䣬ֻٲͻͷ
һԵʮأгԾžɣбָȵߺˣһնɱ۵
ĳȣʶľ־ܣұǰ̣û
ˣû뵽»նͷ­Ϊٽһʶ
ڶ䷢Ϊ졣
仰еս⣬ȴ
ͻǿУ־յ۾ˡ
һȴ߳ŭ
ոձճѹ˿ʮֲþöԷԹԵ˵ȫԼֵܷʱŭ𣬺ģֵܵʲôҽ£˭ĵӣ
˵Ż˫һţһն
ٵնųߣһ˺ѿնճ
ǿаճնˡ
һսû꣬ȥ
ֵܼ˼ȻˣͲҪô°ɣͽˡ
ճЦֻǿδͷһۡԾն𣬵ۺɨ
䡭
ըţ׻ֱоһɾ޴纣˰ӿֵܵ
˫ֻըεɫ죬˰ҲԶڵϹ˼Ȧͣ
硣
ŷһȻԾ𡣾ͼ˫ģݣѪӿ˳Ȼܵˡ
ˣѹԵĻ


1830 㽵ǲϣ
Ҷ磿ŷ˫ɵùԲֳìҪɱȥ
æһסȰ²ɣƳҪԺ鷳
ŷͬˮͷѸ侲ٲ˵ݺݵĵճһۣ˷Źæȥ
Ȼ޼Ҫսһȴ֪û塣
ıԼֻ֪ڲ֮䣬ȻҲ򲻹ˣԼȥҲŰ
ֻȴʮܡ
Ķճ˿ӰҲ˲ȫ﷭
ܣôδ֮ǰȫҲһ㣬žȫѪʽһʱ챻˸ֲԣʱ֮ڿ϶òͬıѼܣܻܿԿ
оӻζŷɿҪӲ˻˵һ£Ҫôôǿġ
𲻿ʵ½Ҳˡ
һӰ֮Һһŵս֣Ȼƽһ¡
˶̬չ
Ʊѹסˡ
˳ͣƥ
֪˵־ƣʱΪҪ
⵽ˣܷ漣ȥˣǾͲһ
ʱʧȥݺ²һƣȫȻȻ˵־Ϊתơ
һ׳֣ȻĲʮָߴҲȳƣɷ͵ͣЩô˵أЩš
е̬ȴһɽѹ˹ۺ
ǰΧģ˸˳֮⣬Զ
֮˳һֻͬı¡
ڲԭɱ֮ʱһֱӡĵס£Ҳû˱˸ǿһֳѷ׵İͣۡ
ģǿǿƽޱƲԽǱѹƾԽᱬȴǲ֪ƣ»ϴ
ʱСԵܣȻˮƽߣҲ㳬һ¾ϲ١
ĵֻڣϸ˵ŷɱȣҲҪԴ·硣
ԷСȻҪսǰһΧսǲӮġ
ĵķŻ˾ԮĲУһ
λȴǿɵۡ
ģ棬ˣڧǺ
ԬܱŻᣬΧ֮ʱȫһ󣬻ռЩˡ
ʱָֻɵ֮ƣλʿȫפƣҲû˭ȥ̽ˡ
ϾԷδңֱǣǴġҪԵУ޷Ǿƴ
Ҳ佫İɣмΧҪĴܶ֡ܲƺճ˼˵
ʵ־ٶ
ʵϣָۣʮɬܵӦ֡
ôһɱնݣȫʿ䣬Ͳȫĺʱ
Ҫǿлӱ϶ͷѪ
ԽԽˣ߹սƣЪ죬취ʿá
ֵܣȻΧϺܲÿҲ磬ǲѡչֹɱĽŲҲйɡ
ܲЩȷ롣
ճıӰһЩڴ𶼵סսꪺɨһУʵ֪˭˭Ӯ
ĿӮǧ׾ƺȫȻģֻңңţٱףҪɱ

һսؽͷֻܳΧ԰ˡְɣС˵˸ɽͷʲôֶζʹһʹ
ճ˹֮󣬴ĶȻ´Ϣޣء
ȥƺκι
ǹѪϢֹķ컭ѪԽԽޡ
µĳҲǲķ㣬ҪԾ
ƣ
ճףĵľ˼ڴ֮⡣
˵ꪷųɱꪷƽﳣ˵ǰҲն˿˭Ҳ֪ꪷ˭ˡ
ճܲ²õ
£ꪵĸȻ࣬ǿ޵еꪷ޷ǾôƫƫսҲΪƣ˲òĴ滳ɡ
ʱꪷҲǰԵһʮʮ˸档󴫳в֪ںη
ǲǾɱأ
ССľʹɱˣ޵֮
˵ԼзǹҲˡ
ʶһµɱꪷܲɱ񣿡
ճֻ֮⣬Դֻꪷͷľعƶƣ¡
ԼꪷҲΪԵãʱҪ֤һԷꪷʲô֮
ϲѪ⣬ûǰ𺳣ֻһƬĮȻϡ
ƽ٣ѪХţͻȻ˫һп³ãӰǰ壬ȵԸһꡣ
һγѪһ㣬һŲӰ
ꪷɢ𳤳Ѫ˿кȻձڣ˴
ܼ߰ա
̾
ʽǰڽ֮ʱδչ¶
ǱΧҲûʹá
ǰ潻ս֮ʱֻֻŷ컭ꪣһһʽĶж䡣
ǱҲǼٶȣûʱײаԵ
ԭһ֡һԣݺݵȥǵ˿˿Ѫ
һ˫гϸС϶ŰĬ



1831 㽵ǲ£
ճ΢΢̧ͷһࡣ
ԪӦŭ
Ѫ֪Ŀռ֮У˵֮΢΢Ĳ
һɹɱԼԪ
һЦе˼
ʵϣ׺ṥƣճҲоеѹˡ
·һѪצһս춷صĲ־ϡ
ɷʴ֮£ǴӾз
Ϊߡ˫ɱл̻;Ϊ𣬾нƫİԵۡ˵ꪷ棬Ī˭ܵɷƶˣȾģöִС
ճһۿıʣҲæŷϸϸ⡣
оббһܽ˸һ֮£ͻȻһƬ
й߶ƺû˽ȥԭسһ̡
Ѫ⣬˻Хâڹ֮ϡˮ뺣㲨
ۣ
һ죬£ʧӰ١·ǰ״Ȼһ硣
ʲôҵѪ֮;ȫһգȫ򲻵ʵ
ƤӺݺݵͫƸס
аĳ꪿裬ݺţѪͻȻʢ
ɱ顱Ӱħ衱ն¡ݺᡱʽȫ˼ѧ
ڳХУһȦȦѪ沨ֱԶˮٱһ𣬾ɢƬƬ۳
ŷɵ˶翴ţָսУͷ΢΢亹
Զŵȫ⡣ֻӰɭɭ֮Уһɴ־ԶӰ
ǲܲ־ʱҲɵλ˻Σǿס˵ͷӲͦԭء
ԬȴѽһֽУʲôꪷδ˵ġ¼鲻ڴ˴ȥ
Ԭܱĵһۣû˵
ﵹҲͬ뷨ֻôǰ˵ʾĻȴǰԬҵˡ
ɫȫĺܣų˽洦һԡ
ֻǽŵ촽۾գҲգģЩܵһҲС
ѹֶԭͶ׿˲ԼͬΪӣʵְ¡Ҫ£ҪֻܰοԼһѣѶԷԴźһ㡣
ⲻ뻢ıƤˣһͷͻգŰաǣƵһϲŭ޳ĶǾĲ֪ˡ
ƣʱ˿˭ûҶһշȾ˵ͷ
ǲܲ٣С۾Ҳ͸׹⣺һ˻ᣬɱ˲ɣȻ϶ɡ
Ҳײɱʽԭڡ
һó˶Ĵɵ֪䱾ʾһѱĶ˭Ҵ⣿ɱ֮죬ԶԶܿ
ˣˣȻˡ۷ŹĶţһ˿ĳ졣
һֱΪҪѧһѧ
ÿһμŶľ
˵̫ˣûһֱɱʽСӰϷһ˰ɣһսҪˣ˼Ҳ̫Զ
˳˵ľͷһ¡ǻ类һͰˮͷ䣬ϨӰ
˵ϸͰɨˣѹֽ㡣ɻһ䣬ϴ⣬ȻҲƲˡ
ǰͬǣ֣ճʽҲűˡ
нƻꪻ֣ҹɫҫյա
ڰɫ⻪תݣһ쳹ء
ǲĿռ֮УƬƬ顣
Ѫ⻪һʣͷˣӿ
졭أ
һͻȻ˴߸Ծز
ѪϺɫӰͷⷨҲڿնһӰ֮ϣʵʣһꪻ䡣
ꪻ˫ꪺһռһѺۡ
һ־п֣ͬħſľ죬ۼþҪճ˴һ¡
Էѧ˿ռ䣬ҲǾžˡԪ̾Ϣ
ĿռޱȣǾﵽɼ磬Ҫѿռ䣬ҲҪʹ̵
سҲҡͷϧڲʵʱ˲ʵˡʦǱļ̣ȫռѷܺġ
ԶԶţûһ㵣ġ
ͼѪӰѷ죬ͻȻס
ͣɢ
ת֮УͻȻһĵ֡
ɳȫȫβĳճͷ
һֱĶͻȻǰն
ͬβһ㣬ֱɡ
Ĩƽռ䲨ƣѪɫˣ޼᲻ݵļն䡣
ͷɲǼͬλӰ𣬶˴ԾΣĴӬݺݵ˵ϡ
һ˻ɵڵأ飬
ϥأϰٻսҶƬ׷ɣ˿ȫϣͷЩбˡ
֮ϸ֮ɫˮϪһʡ
˫۸ը𣬺շ컭ꪣļסһⳤꪣֻԼͬһɽ
ʹ롢
㽵ǲ
һ翴
̧ͷȥͼڰ֮ϵӰƺտʼ֮ʱûаȻ࣬˿ûһ
ɥǣǱߵĳꪣصһɽȴǶԷš
Ŷ浭Įӣֻз䡣
ȺΧҲûо



1832 ֺαأϣ
Σգˡ
𿴸˳ƽʱ˵棬Ҳȫ˼档
ġ
ĳˣ;Ҿְ֡
һ˴ڵǱԷǿѹסá𺳣ȴû˿ԥһȲ񱼣ͦǹǰԮȡ
һ㶣ȻûзӦ
Ҳ벻޵еķɽܣǰܵҡ
޻֮ܶΣڵϦϰȻ֪ʱԮ𲻵̫á
ΨһĿǱƵöԷ֣ɱ
ǣܼܲΣѣȰɣ
ɺܾᡣ
ҧҧȫǰ
ǰźŵ׷Ÿ˳ǰֻǱҽͷͻɥȴûз֣Ҳһ˳ֵһǹӭ
˿ȥ;㶼ϵƤһҲµƥҲ
ֵǣӭǰȴݣڵúܡ
ȫûгɱСɷ̬
֣̤ࡣ
Ԫس硣

ˣ۲ߣ޷Ǿ˵ç֮ġ
ʱ뼼ͳһĽܳ佫๫ϵһˡ
Ტ۵ĻϡõƷ˶ԭΪ常ȻΪĳԭ򣬰常ˡ
ٰݶ׿Ϊ常ΪһŮְѶ׿ɱˡ
˵ݼ常ҲͰˣȥģľܣʿΪ֪Ҳ̫
ÿͶ˾ɱΪ̫ˡ
ԣ;ĩ·мƱ֮󣬰ϲ佫Ĳܲٶֱնɱ
ԥ
ҲܲҲ¡
ǿǿˣԼҲð˭֪ɶʱֱͶͱԼһ
ܷһµһ佫ͱ˭Ǹӵһ
ԣı˾ҵġ
ճһ֣ǿѹͶͶװǻơ
ҪԱͽ
Թǿⷴɣʵ޹غƷ⡣
ֻһСΪ飬Ѫɱ֮г󣬲ûܵԭ˼Ӱ죬ŷʵǿʵĵ
кôϣ˭ǿ˭
ִ׼ǲǺֱʣ
ճ磬޷ƶǿߡҲϰദûΪĴ
ǶûϵֻҪɡ
ĶҲûϵܴС
ִ֣Ǹ֣Ͳˡ
ԼôҲ㲨ˣҲνƷƷˣֻҪԷһѺõͿˡ
ϾһȷǸߵһΡ
Լǧ֮УҲֻλԿ⡭
ĸطһ񹷡
û°񹷷ųҧˣ²£
ҲҧԼ
ʵԱõĵطڱ߹ءһ׷ɱǵӦ֡
ԭشΪλ˹Ķǡ£԰գûаô
ճôţ֡ɽһѹ
ĸߴΰڵϣѱѹ΢΢档ȫǱۼþҪѹһǶϽۣһ⽴
ǧľꪣֻҪճôƾž޴ɱ
ʱͳ˺ӵζˣͬѹɽ£á
ðѪ⣬ʲִŨŨ
񳱰ɱ⣬紵򣬰ѹþͿҪϨ
Ҳ
ＷͷһըǾ޴ⷨͻȻɢһ׶Ѫԡ
Ѫצ˻ҪѼ졣
Ӱһ֣оɱ֮
ճüһԪ΢΢һ£ȴЦ
ͻƣǱܣ־ٴۣȻһͻƵĹؿڣɻûã
üɫӰһһϺƴ
ͼ죬һ˫ɫ˹Լ־Ѫԣͬһ㣬ȫһ
Ȼ䣬һɾ徴η޶˶˵Ĵ
˷ܵУֻܽɡ
̾һ徢һй˫ϥŵأ幪ڵأˡ
ⱻƣƣ굽ȫǿѹ
һ̣һôһЩҡ
Լ֮·ѾߵͷǿߣҲһ
ɷǹŹ֣벻ףҲԸȥϸ롣ճȴ֪ոշʲô顣
λɽ࣬ȻѪɫѹֺѹס
Ĳ·
ɲɵǣԼԭ㻯ڵ֮ǳɾ
ǿڣϰһƵġ
ⲻɢ֮ⷨ־ˡ
뷨УֻҪճڣ´ʲôҪȥҲᷴ
־ңǣľ־ͱôӵǲǱԪ־أ
ӵ˺óԹȷʿмӣֻܲǱִҹɻԭ򡣻һֿܾΪ˫ƵѾǴ칬ʱʥˡ
ѹ֣Щ˿԰ܣЩ˰ܲáԽ޵µԽǲܴ־һͿأٲ
Ҵءճǰ



1833 ֺαأ£
仯ͻ϶׿ˣλȫûӦ
ֻи˳ɲɣܵһ룬ӭԪس硣
Ǹ˳
ǹ̳ҿ磬̳࣬ÿһǹÿ졣أȵ䰲Ǳ
һԱ󽫣ʤҲ֮ܶ̽ڻһ壬ǹΪء
ϼСʵŷ̫ࡣ
һԱҽôӭȥֵĲ𣿡
ʮֲ⡣
һǾˡ
ò˵Աҽȴǳǹһͻóԣԭؾը˻
ǹӰǵ㣬ȫ
ֻöһ졣
ֻǹ߰˸غϣ˳ĳشǹѱ÷ڰա
Ԫһãץס˳ǰ½󣬰ڵϣȵˡ
Ԫﵽɾ֮ȣܻഫš
ճʲô뷨ֲԶɵĴﵽԪ
Ȼ֪˳˭ǿպ󶦶ţɱʵ̫ϧˡ
¶ԷͶˣӲȥ
޶żǣҲһģһ
ʹĸָ֣ҡ
ǣس磬Ҳֻ߳Уͱһûĵնɳ
ǱسԵǰ£춯á
ճ׾ϣ˳ְˡ
߲ɱ
ǧ纣һ㣬ճǰ
ʱȥαװճһ֮ʮâҫҰ
ǧƤʿ䣬ɣ籼
к˸Ԫ
ǱǽֻǰŲžѾɳȥֱûס˿
ӭ½ҳһţȫ֪롣
Ǽ˳ȫ򵹰󸿣ιԶԶ֮
еǰ壬е󳷣ȫûš
ȵճǧһƺӾһ㣬Ҳûа㶷־ɢ
޺
ǼĺɡԵˣʹתͷУԶԶ˹ǽ
δһߵĶùڣнĴȻͼߴʮ׵ľ޴Ѿ
ſߴߴ죬Ҳϰա

·ǰ׷
ͬͷӬһҽҴܣ£ĺȽ
ʵǧо̫죬ֻǰʱ䣬ѳ嵽˳ſڡ
;˭һ壬ʬأ赲ֺ
Щ±򵹵ϣһѡ
Ԫس硢ѩŮﵱȣ嵽ǰ
ϣŵȴһЩ䡣
ǵٶ죬ǽǰٲʱ̫١
ĿŻա𣬸зɻһѹѹһƬ¾
籩Ǵͬʱ˻ߵĺҲڶߣź¡¡졣
Ͷʯš
źХǰ׾ͺڳ
޴ˮװСʯͷɵľľҪǮһƾ
ǽͷʮɻƳγεڣܿѾҿ˸ӡ
ԪҲǾսȻܹʲôȴǰķˮŹ͡
س֮ʱ伫ʱðż깥ǣʮֲǡ
ʦ𣬿Ҫ
ʿסԪɫЩÿ֪λҪʧˡ
빥ҲԣʯľȻܼҲκβԼô֡
ֻҪţַ֮£ܴŻֱ
˶Ȼ١
ÿһӶġ
׾ĵӣ;ʯľˮĹҲʮּѡ
Ϊǵľ̫ˣֻܳǽһСηΧ
˼Ҷ׿Ȼ⧲ôڹǽϣҲؾ
ƾҲܵסǧһʱ䡣
οǧ֮вûйеҪţĿ̫ԣҲ㡣
ʱѹϣȫ´˹ز¡Ԫתͷȴ޿κΡ
ò˵׿Ƽ죬Ҳʮĺݡ
ʹһǰرճţֹͻϮ
ҲսʤƲʱӾѾʼϱ۵ľˡ
Ҳճ͵Ϯš
ճͷȥͼȻԶԶĿţһֱ
һƬãɢԼǧҲ򵽻ιǰ
ʱЭֻҪǧˣݣڿν
ιصܱܿͻķֱ¡
ϧǣԬܵˣܲٵıֵܶԶԶţûһǰ
ҲԼǧӵʵǾˡ
ҲǴﲻԸԼͷֱӴڡ
ɱǣơ𹥶Ը
ǸۻѲⰡ
ЦЦճо΢΢һȦ⣬ӭϮļ÷飬ˣ˺սӪ٣ȥǿй򡭡
ǣʦ𡣡
˸ŵ
һΣųߣȡ
ճǧҲûٴγ£˰ܾŻӪ
ɫѿ˹Ȼûһ˳ӭ
ճÿһ·
ڼɵˣң֣γɾ󡣡
ѩŮЩ޵
ǲǴ˸ʤ̣õˣǲ֣Ҫȣһɣʵǿ»ġ
ԬҹʾɣԬֵηɼǣȻͬˡǰǺܿܰͲͬ׿ƴܾˣȻټˡ
ճɨһҲȥ
ûȤ
˽ģǣƣҿ⻢ιظƲˡԪ龰ҲǺݺһڡ
֪Լʦ뷨£ƶ׿ˮ
֪йϵ˵⣬ֻǾôºҪ
ɴʱζƲ̸ʲôԮպͻʵۣܲǧӷݵشǽնɱ׿ɡ
˵ѹòܹ辶ΣҲұֵ̫
Ȼ̫飬ָʵճˡ
һġ
ȻڿԾУһ˲ɱʮ
ǣƾŽղ֮壬ȴӲǧĴӭŷˮʯͷҲܴƳţֱоɱ׿˵зʿ
ô
̫ˣǲ֡
һţֵ̫࣬øƵģΪʸ֮С
ݽ᲻Ӧ֪ţԼ¸ˣῪʼǿ϶ġ
ֺαأ


1834 ʯɽϣ
Ӫ֮ճѽ˷ֳ֧
һ֧ǧ죬¸Ȼ鸽¡
갰ԡȡԡκܺͺɵ˶û
ʱճǧӳǿȴ·ΪĿģûǿɱ
һʱܴɡ˳˶ѱôܣȻвʣҲֻűɽ
ʱӪƱǿѽĹģҲû취ò˳
˵Ҳûʲôطȥˡ
ܹܲһӻػιأ˵ȥسǡǽȥˣȶ׿ͲٶΡ
ԪѡǧʿԸ˳ΪҹӦ֣Ҫʳġ
ǣʦ𡣡Ԫϲɫ
ŷ²һˣͿʼԼһ
ȥԼľԽԽ࣬ĻҲࡣ
ҪǣʦһԼѵõء
磬ҲѡǧˣΪи
ǡسȥ
˳ȻôʵҲǿʱճ²û̫䣬СΪҲûʲôԲġ
Ͼλʮ֮ڰǴܵˣɲǲ
ճ֮ԲѸ˳ɼͳ죬Ϊϧǵľ²ܡ
£עʹͳ壬ıģȫûҪ
ԪسȻ磬ڴ˷˵վЩİбһԣཻǻۻ𻨣ܿͻӦ֡
ʣǧˣҪǳ칬ӣȻճֱ졣
սʱ򣬾ѩŮܲ
ճΪʦΪһ˧ȴǲͷԲĥϣЩȫµӡ
һ˵ˣŽƣȻǼĻǺǼһһåὫ
нţȥԼֻƿش֡
쵼ʡķĳ佫ܶԡ
üëһץ·Ҳ˵Ͳȥ
ܾܲﵽһͳµĿģճʵʮּȣֻҪʱջͿԡ
ϾԲĿģҪΪΪԼԶˡ
ǿһزħ繷ߵ磬ʵ顣
¾֮ճ̱Ӫ
һΣǰܽչʾǧӵǿսջˣնɱǶ౶
ճʱÿգ鶴֮Уֻ֮н𲨵͸ˮ֮Уһϸβ۵Сȥʮֻģ
ܹ㡣
˵һزӰ¾ƵĴ£ԲŻŨ˾顣
ǼӳֵԼԪ֮ϣɾ˾鱾С㣬Բֱǿ
ЩֻԻѣճҲûʲôԾġһشﵽʮ֮ʱ˳лԻһС
ڷڵ֮󣬶ɽ֮ʱֱ֮ͻɣȫҲ˾á
ȻڹעĲһ㣬ֵ
ԼĪһ£һս֮ȡˡ
ежǸ˳ɹ鸽ĺôֻ֪֪һ㹻ͻá
ֵԪ񾳽ͻƽɼ׾١
ճݣĿתƷɾ
ˮעԪ񣬻ͥӦ
һԵ飬翺صĸԴΰһ׳ɱš
ǰ͸ĽɫԪҲճĽ壬ڲ֪֮£ۿɼٶ˱仯
õԪһһĻë磬һѪԪԵʮ졣
ԭ࣬ʱԪĵĶһ˿ء
ԪΪǾ־ȵȵĽ壬࣬仯˵ġ
˵ʵϻõĶ
ǣ˵˵Ĵ߻Ҫﵽɽ׶֮ʱճ֣ԼԪȻҲʵת
һּζ
ããҫ֮£ƺĸӦƬصı߽磬Ӳ֪Ŀռ֮չѾ֮λС
ÿһ棬żϸܷĻơ
ϸϸȥǻȴһͼɡϹŴƤŲȹŮڴΧԲɱ
е˾еĻѣݣϲ¡еŽƵ룬ߺ
е˸ųȺţȮ
·Ķ䣬䣬ճ֤ٲݣƵ¹ԭ˴ԣ֡
һƲϢճһ𣬾ӿ·һ·̡
壬ɽˮƴɱһѪ·
䡭
һը죬ȷ
ճԪȻƯڰ֮У˼ά޷ŴԪӦڽѹ֮£ȻҲͻ˶ʮﷶΧ΢΢š
ĵͷһƣͷԼԪ֮Ѿر仯
ԭǧ򻯵ԪȻڣճʶڵʶʱѾΪ˿͹۴ڡ
һ˵ѧоϱԪⶫҲ걾ʣʵûʵ壬ҲûģǷܺõ
ʱ˿̣ճԿ϶걾Ѿڴ˷˸Ҳ
ʱȥһƣʮ
ֵֻǣԪȻֱһСģɻγʵ壬ⷽصĸ򣬲֪˶ٱ
ϲķ֣ԼУԼ˺ܴ
ңһ鶴ֻ߽ɫǿʡ
ҪϸϸʱֻԼӴ͸ֳϡ
ܸӦÿһɰÿһŲݣԭϸ΢Ŀ
ǱһֻϵķʽһӶ˸ֲͬԺ
ʯɽ𡣡
ճȻ۾Ŀâһָ
Ӫмһĥɰֻֽ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͱý



1835 ʯɽ£
ֽ˵࣬ȻЦĽˣƽһģһ۳ɽˮԪҲûа𣬾Ȼбɡ
ȻʱԴıԣת֮ǽܹĸԴ򡣡
ﻶϲһת㻯ԡ
ǻƽֽһԭصľһֻССá
ֻ챦ʯһβһĻȦȦ
ֺԼǰԼĸĸ
ճ̸ӦС롣
ֹȥĸŽëСð˹ճָĸоĵס
ء
Сӷĺߺʮۡ
ճᱧֻСãҪֽͻȻ˲ᡣ
Ȩ
š
˽ɣִ˵˽֮ĵû£ԿԵñȴֵþηܹ죬Ȼ컯ıԴá
ʵϣĲԪøǿΰأǴھݽ֮УԼȫóķжٹ
ϧǣֻһЩССսôʵ̫󡣡
ḧСãСһ΢۾ģ͵ҵһ飬ߴϵ֣ôͽССװɡ
߳ӪʣѩŮæӭ˹үӣǱչѵһĵĳˣ
ǣСдҵӪʵģԵԾûʺԵʳ
С
ѩŮ±ơ
ӻᴩԽʮսֱܵӪ
ⲻҪҪСëӨһ͸С
ͬ컯ɵĵһֻһ㣬ô⡣
ĪޡѩŮϸϸӦü⡣
ûиӦ֮ģһֻͨСá
Ϊʲôôϲ
̫ɰˣСòãү
ѩŮңɵŮ˻Ƿ̨ߵĻţЩϵﶼûʲôֿ
ճ֪ô죬ҪȥЩСƾմģκıܣ²
ȻѩŮҪǾø
ãҪСðװֵģż塣
⻰١
СԼɾͽԷĵһ˵ЩЩʵʾˣָЩ졣
˵Ů֮һԣҪչˣ־Ȼ뿪ĸ顣
ַ浽컯ĲܳáԼ飬ܻ˿˿ǣҡ
ճҡҡͷڷ䣬ǽɿƼԣϵ
鶴֮һԼոջˣʱѾùˡ
ֻౡһ丵θ֮ϣԵǰ
ˣҪˣҪճ⡣
񣬻ˮ֮Уʱܱ׿Ⱥһʾ޴˵ˣɷŹ
ʷصò̫׵ĻιؾӢս֮󣬻Ὡִ֮á
Ȼ׿ͻӦһЩѹ˾֮أ˷Χ֮
ͻıĽ֮£Ǩͷ
ɥĲǣѺڵ£ƱһɱĴ󳼺ʲѡ
Ȼһİոȥ
;вǱɱڹҰƷ԰ܻŰա
һ·ȥǰգʮ壬಻ԡ
ȥ·һ׹Ѫ·
ݵǣ׿һһѻȼٵǧŶ
̫ˡ
Ӧüֹ
ճʱ䣬Լչֻʮղ׿ӦûûǨͷ
ѩŮһЩĻϲĶŪӣʵιˣ׿ûɱƴɱ
ûүιʵˡ
ô˵ճʵ
ѵԬܵܵԼսĴ̼˺Ǹһѣ׿ɾزסؿˣ
ѩŮЦҡͷճ뷨ûʤһҳսλϵº̨ҹϮسǣȴ׿󷨣˴Ժʹ˹ͷû飬Ѿ׼뿪ˡ
ɢˣͲôˣԬܴʱҲơ
ЦЩֻȻЩܵİۺǲ٣ԷԿ̹
󷨣ճüëһһ󷨾Щ衣
ԭ˵ݽҲ˼󷨣ȴɷħ޲ߣ˵ֱʵһҲ
ѩŮЩݵɷǹŹ֣Ȼ۳һ޴зݰϸڿն𡣡
˫һܴܴƣֵʱɫڻιسͷ֮ϣֻһ˻˻𣬰Ѳܲǧһ¡βɱɾ
һսƺΪ𺳣ѩŮʱ˵ЩȻǾܳ׷ٶҲٴɽɱ
Ӧðô˵׿ռϷˣԻᱻ˻ιأ
ճǼǵǰѩŮ˵Ļ˵εˡ
ǰڻεİӣǴϢ˵ǰҹ׿ʮѾضȥǻʱĻֻ²б䣬ԼĪǧˡ
ңҽ񳿻ɳֵˮؿ֪̽ؽ߹ҲѾ뿪Ҫǰүء
ã𣡶׿ǰ뿪ˡ죬ȻѾ뿪졣
ճһ䣬㲻㡭
ʱ䣬ȴû뵽ս֮ѾԵı仯
Ҳ׿ľ¶˷ͷ
ôʱ˿̣׿ʲô
ת׶ͼͻȻһƬϼն
ϸһ
ңԶʣǺ֮УɫڶƺԹš˻š
𣡸ճҧ˵ɱӿ



1836 ׷ϣ
˹£Է
ճŶնյͨ죬֪ʱѾ
ӹϵ֪£һ赭дݡʵǰ㴥Ŀľ
ʱ񿴵;԰಻ԣͬ׵С
ļģĹ鸽ӡһܲԴܵ˵Ҫе󡣲˸ж£Ҫˡ
ԣף˿Ҫġ
ճŴӶ֣ͼıչ
Ϊв֣裵ԸҲԼˣȻ˺
ȫƺ͸ԸѸı䣬Ҳȥı䡣
ԼĿǰΪξһְ㹻ɵõԷŲԳűĴ죬øô
µƲߣǰͦ걸
ھֶһ֮ѾЩʱˡ
Ȼ̬չزҲѾԼĴ˼ɣǻ̫
ߵĶ棬ܵ˵ƣѾľˡ
ôⱻ紵Ϯһ򵥵İ취ǾľԲ죬쫷硢硢綼еĴǾʲôΣҲûˡ
˿ڲܶҪȡĲʧҪɱ
ճĬĬ
ɱ˭ʣȻǶ׿ˡ
ݶڻλУԼ۱Լ϶û취
Ʋһ
ԷۼǧŶʲݣʵʱ
ֻҪõʲԴԼꡣ
ֲƸûзŹĵ
οɱ񣬻Եõջģˡ
ֻҪ֣սӢ˸ҿܵõջ
˵ЮŴľƽķˡ
Сʵ֣ʡܶܶ鷳ġ

ɱ׿ǿ϶ˣµһЩĳ佫ǨһµִߣȻҲɱ
Ϊǲѧ˾ʹ˷Ź
Ѱģ侴
˲ŵʧ
˲ڶ࣬ճйι飬ҲйָӴʳľ顣
ûĳ佫˵ʵ̫Ҫ
ο»ǧӡ
˵ͨ񣬲ѧٴСͽ֡ٵϤһЩξĻѧʶ
ʱһЩţιƽıЩڵȻǴġ
ǣһǳأżȶʩȴǿйоصġ
ڣЩĽõսͽճﲢֵǮ
µĸֲ۸۴
Ųţǣٶٸ½
һӣĻԪϾ֮£ܲ䡢ֽȴһͷ
ǹŷ¶ĸ֣ӵУҲԾٳʮλ
ңΪڲͣ
˲ŵʤǳ칬ʱĽ̵ͻ۵
Ҳճܹһ죬ֱɨƽ̡
ճʱ룬ԼܹһǧӳһңʵҲǿġ
ǣΪˣң˵۽ǲһġ
ճܹɼұҩĵҪǮĴ·һṩڵӸ
ṩӸľѧ
ֱɾĸգֻѰڳȥֻѧᣬѧöࡣ
˷νҲȥġ
ˣΪ˱סԼ߸ϵĵλǵõʲôط뵽ľǴڸԼĵϵ
µλ𣬸ǴףղвŮ
һٴٶ࣬кã
ѧ񹦵ֻˣܵԴҲֻôѧϰֻԸܸĶ档
ЩܹԿ࣬ԸƴµˣȴѧûضѧҲûԴԼ򰾽ǡĥ
Щѿˡ
˵ճݻҵʮֲۣҲûóʲôرķӡ˾֪ˣҲѧᣬ̸ôֳ
ǧӣճ΢΢ͷ
ԶԪسֻжӴʿܲӡ
ճûж˵ʲôֻϣȵȫٽ׷׿󽫣ܾܣ򵱳նɱ
ǡ
ڽ
ˣգúðƴ衭ѩŮѼ¼ľͰð취һݣھУ·Ϻúѧϰ
ճǹϵԼ°ȡ˵Ҫٴ룬ҪҪ
ףѡ
⻰ճЩǵõ˭˵ˣҲô׼ȷȴĽʾĵҪ
ϰ˼ܼ֮࣬սңԴԶ೤
ص䣬ճϧɱӯҰȺ֮ϧ
һһҲûĳɱ¡ڱС
鷳˵㣬ȴҲǡ
ѩŮӦ£һŽֽͬƶƮƮĸʮף˼Աǰ¡
һݣЩԪس簵Թ֪λʮ
ԼʩչѪܣóɱʽҲһʤ˶Է
ⲻٶȷƾУվΪȫ
˲ûʲôܣǵȴͬһ˾
ԼʵǿһҪԷҲܼѡ
һԸ԰ˣɶԭ䡣ΨһһΰܵңǰճС
һսǾһսҲ鵽ȫ泼
˸ߵĸɽȻϼˣǣĽȴδʳճһˣҲûֵܵԼ
Ԫس԰ֱݺݵһӡ
ռѩŮһֽĵı£Ǻݺݵһ¡
ԭȱ£»СҲֻһŮŮ٣š׻Ŷٸ֣һ׷׿ǧ˱ȥԵʮûá



1837 ׷£
ֽЩĵڱʮӣһȥ
ɣע⣬ɶ±ơ
һжָӣһһߣһнɻҪ鹫ðɣԭҶ٣ҾȻȫˡ
ϸߣ͵͵ճһۡĳ̫ˣЩƨôֱǰѶԷү
ҲûкôٶȰѰա
׿µĽʿʲôԣ˭ס
ЩǨ;лʲôĴ붼֪
˼ֱ˷ָɰע⣬޴ľʿҲö
ȥ˭ܽʲɣΥʱҪǷԴҲֲ˭
Ԫس˼ı飬ѩŮɫ˺죬Щ˼ֱڽĿ⡣
ǰճ˵Լ¼ȫʱȻӦУ޶ʵЩ߳ܵġ
û鰡үԽġѩŮĵȴȻشھÿһˣ·Ͼ͵μסսĽͱ䣬Ҳ֪Ƿһ¶ʮޣնɱǿɵעˡ
ţѩŮǾ٣ճԶµġ
ģִȴǴӲѭ˽ôô졣
ڳ칬֮ʱûеӸǰ£˶ֺš
Ȼп϶뷨ⲻҪѩŮɻǺܹġ
Ԫس˳һЩ½µĽɵÿˡ
ʿǳͲݣϰ̫࣬һСĿܾͻᶪԴ
ʲôɰע⣬Ȼֱ̫ףҲû̫ԷĵطΪˣɡ
ʣ϶ԼʦŪˣܻʱʱĪľٶº֤Ч
ǰһװ˰ɣû˵ĳĴֵľɰ˼ţԪسȴӦ¡
ȻҲûֻǸӦǣ½촫ģڿഫʿ
걸ճŪһЩǰо⣬£ˣȻǽһֱΡ

׼ʱڣԪɢȥͷ£Ҳǳòɿ
۵Ȼ𣬶׿Ǩ顣
Ԭ֪ܲǲѾﵽĿģ㣿Ĵ˼ɣðգ
ǰЩսԼЩô¡
ңƺƴսȶ׿ĹҪࡣһ̸ϣҪսʤ֮Ρ
ʱ׿ѾڶУԼһͷײȥǿ϶Σա
ѾգռҲһ棬ʱ붭׿ܾȥͷѪȫûҪ
ǴˣǨϢһУѾ⡣
ֻвܲٺᣬȴӶˣȰ裬ҲǷԬܡԹǰУ׷׿
ȻΨհﲻ׷Ҳûгͷ
ЩӣԵĸоԼֵ˵ӣͲ˵ûУʵʺôûеõ㡣
ʵϣ棬ƾ˸ټľʿҪΪҾһģҲ
õϢճҪϰգܲٺѾǰ;׷
ճ֮󣬵ʡ˹εʱ䡣
̫٣ֹ˼½ʿоٶȣټϲϤߵĵǺܿ졣
ܲٺˣҲ֪ʲô⣬ǻüëһ㣬·ϺۼճҪ˸ʱ·̡
֮ʱͷ֣֧Ѿˡ
үǷֿˡܲһֱӦ׷׿ȥˣȴȥǾȻʰɨ֪ʲô˼
촦ѩŮŮӢȻ̽·
֪ˣȥ飬ֱŴнۼǰУо
ճȻʲô
һҪ˵ԺȻһЩ˽ҲǲС
Ȼɨ뺺ȵ۵ˡĹκҳ˾޶ԡ
ֲҿȻޣ죬޺ٴɨӱ֡
ȵһݽ֮еõ֮󣬾˼λ˽Բ
Ϊ©ʣԬǰģ˵ԼûеõƭˣպĲú
ҲΪºΪ£ľ֮УͻҲͳ
׿УڧǺ͵ġ
ճûʲô뷨
ĿУֻǻȨһõȻã˳òҲûʲô
ʲô˲õķҲûȥȡ
ʱԣ˭õˣ˭ͻΪʸ֮Уͻ蹷һҧԼ
Ȼ£νѶȣȴûбҪ
ֻҪպǿˣЩȻȻԼġ
ʱ˿̣ճգҪһ顣
Ȼ׷ɱ׿
ƣ⻰ȷһ㣬ȴá
Ҫȡģ׿ԼЩѪ۵սıһɷŹ
ȼһﶼɷŹĻǻôԵǧŶ󺺰գ
Ͼʱսʱ˲ͬʱ׿ûָ»ھޡûŰգɱӯҰ

ѽ磬ճ¾ЪϢ췹
ԪӦ֪ѾԶŵǶеѪޱɷԹ
һ·ĵ·Եʬ壬Ѿ֮࣬һƬǼ
ɲΪսȫա
ֻǸո뿪Զôɥ֪׿±ײС
ӰΪϣҲûԣ׿ľѾûˣսҲº١
о;УһдӼ򣬺ܿ죬˾ͳԹз
ʲô
ѩŮϣ̧ȥͻȻֵ
Զ̳װĺ
ŷеģɱ



1838 һϣ
еĲܲٱˣӦ֪ǰǺδǳأǺܲܲ١
˵ܲٵıȻ࣬ǧеģ½ҲľȫǱҺݣšһɣսʮ㡣
ǣôһֻֻһʱͱǰĶ׿ӴĶӡ
ģֻӳ
ϱˡ
ϸߴ˿˵ﵽκʺ׿ģӦϺͷ׷ء
Ƕ׿д󽫣ڲʮϤһˡ
ô˵ղڴ˴
ӦòڣȻǨ׿ֲʲôϧյԸ׷ϣȻж߶졣ʱ䣬ѾгңӦֻ
˵Щֵоƾ΢ʱպûָϲܲٱܡƣ
ճֻЦЦûе⡣
ʵϣо̣˵̫˼
ΣԤУս֣ȻѪ
Ⲣʲô㣬Ԫ˽ɾ֮ȻȻָͨơ
ȻѹƵò¾Уܶණüࡣ
Ҳûмǹأʱ
ԸΪǰ棬ٱãȴɫ·꣬һĶơ
׼
ճ֪һոͶ۷֮ű֣Լ⡣
ȥӭս֪֪׵
ʧǲܵģԼ֧Ȼ࣬սͲܺġ
˵һ֧ƫʦ裬㶭׿ڴˣҲܵסֵĳ
٣һܣºȻǧྫ
ʱУȴͷȴͬУǰ̳һͷǰȥ
ǰһ֧İܾӲ෽Żٲ֮ңͳ鹭һ¡
磬ѹѹǧ׷ȥһƬҺ޽𣺡
ˣ
ΪһԱο֧һƣ鵨ͲҶ󣬰ӡ
ɢҼɣ߲ɱעⲻҪɱֱУ󡣡
ϵɤս֮УҲԵʮöĤ졣
ǷֹԼɱۺ죬ͣ˴г
Ҫɲǽֻǳɢ׷еģǴ󹦡
ڶ׿£ȻǾ񣬵ȽҲġ
磬ۼͳͣǿȻĪ
ձճǧһͻϮûл֮ȫܣⲢǵʵʵԶ
һ㣬зȨ
û뵽һ֧һС½ǧ˳Ե˼ֱһجΡ
ɱնѶԷ׷ͷȫɱ֮󣬳ɢҵоûлͷֱԶչȥ
ճĵ˵ͷ
ȥ˰ĳµʵǼһ¡
ȥɾܳɡ
ⲻԼû˵ս֮ʱҪɱƥս䣬ѾԷˣһҲ
ȻպܳΪһս꣬ܲٴòɿôһ
֮ԿçģΪ̫ˣȥԶѡ
ԪϲӦȡһս١׿µһɷŹ
ǣʦ𡣡
ԪӦ̣˵ͽ׷ȥ
پòԶԼЩʿ䶼Ϣ˺һᣬǳԱ㡣ʱǰҲûʲô⡣
磬սǰǧҪ£ƥҪǧ
ոձҳһŵǧʱȫնɱ֪Ǻãͼһ֧֧ȫǿ
Щ˼ƲҪӣس׷ɱʿߺͶɱ֮Ҳûʲôķ˼
ͷֻҪǵģﶼֻΪ˳Աӣ־໹ŽҵǮŮ˶ѡ
ǲûʲô̫뷨˭ǽ
ԵˣͶˡ
ﶼһһΪ˿ܶ
ˣȲ󣬺ܿƽϢ

ܲһаͣ£֮ңֻǿš׷ֻһͱٱҾս
ǲұһӾͱ
֧ڻιΪ֮򾪵ľӣʱϣɱݣƺûսʤĶ֡
ЩһˣҶûаսʤҲ֪ôģǶһ̻˲ҪģôôطͲЩ˱ȥ
ĺԨ˼ĹâҲǵһμճµǧˣÿμš
ʵϣܿŰ˰Ůˡ
ƽʱ֣һŶԷȷǷˣʵҲ˵𣿰ԼҺլŮ춼սˡ
ǣЩŮ˱תƵķâۻǿƣֻǸԶľȫ˲ӵ顣
ȫкϵ佫ʲô䰡Ű󽫡
ܲϴս֮ʱ𾪹һΣʱټԼ¾ʧ¼˾׳Ļ۵ͬʱЩĻ䡣
ٶ뷨ûʵ֧ҲֻǿһԬںӱ֮ǿǣôһҪ˾ֵǺã
һ̣ܲٸûԼ顣
ʵͱסˣ֮꣬Ҫ־սϽ档
һԴߴٵ˵زɾĴ⣬ǡ
޷ˣҪȻǰҲ˳־ǡܲٻ˻֣˵һ̣ʵʣܵøɴ࣬ʵˣûа취¡ܿҲһ¡Ψһĵľǣ䵽С
˵ܲź˵ʹࡣ
֪ڸ̾׵Эѣ̾ϢԼôûܴﵽĿġ
ĿõĻǰӲߣʲô



1839 һ£
ϵ֣Ըһͬնɱ¡
ճ˶ǰңңȵ
󲻼죬ֱܲٵ˶С·ǵҲѪսͥԺƷ裬̸ƽ
ͿܲһԹΪԪҲԶܲټ˵̸ۡﰵЦ֮࣬һЩ档
֪ܲپһܣٿԼʵ֮󣬻᲻µĴ־
ô˵һǸۡ
Ȼ¹ң̫ãǰƺҲûжٸĳ˼
ҰӶһı鳼ĵز˵ƱˡκһĵģΪ֡
շԷӦƽ£ʡһЩɡ
֮ʱܲʱԬܼԼֻǶһξȻЦ
ǣڲһ˰
ֻҪܲٵ۾ϹӦܿóԼһ·Ұ׷׳׿ɢһƬƬľɵֵеס
Ͼ·;·Ǩưգõİӡ
ؼտأֻӲ
ճӴ佫Ź׿㳤ͷҲȥ
ôֻܲǺε뷨أ
ٰܲιͷͷϵĿӧЦ侪ˣȥȫٱ΢ʵҲ渽β
ճûʲôŭܲЦøˣֵһ׷׿ΥǴܶأʵټӢֻۣعʫ顭ʹ˸ǡ
һ·ߺãϵ£ǻټġ
ճͣûκζֻǿŲܲһǲУľʹУתɽǲ
ܡ
ô𣿡ճҡҡͷЦá
ĻûܲԼȻ򶨣ʵȴɼءȫ͸սƵġ
ȻĲأӲκˣ

ʮܲٲŷŻ٣̧һѶ亹
תͷȥɽżû׷ŷ
֣ôߵô㲻˵ǲ𣿲ô°ɡ
ܺ΢΢⣬սСʵ
ĺԨŴӣԲ˫Ŀյ㻹𣿻ιһսΣֲûмһ֮ɵҪǣֵܵס
ôˣսʮԱܺ鲻ǿ磬˵˵ţԽԽ
ԼˣһҲ¡
ǣλڻιǰ赭дͻˣȷûа
ǶԷɣͻȻ߳ŭǻ׶༪١
ٻͷʡ䡢ֽȽͷ⼸ȫƮûһ˸ҷºݻɵȻ̾һ֮ڴˡ
ǵģ˼ҴûǧҲûС
ֻһһǰԶԶºһ䡭Լ߰˾ŵøϽܣҵĴŭ˶Է⡣
ʲô°
ԾҲûСɣ
뵽ԼȻǸװȼ磬ܺһƣԡ
һƲֵģҲȥδӪתֱ뿪

ǲ֪ǣҲʱõϢ˳ȥܲ׷׿ܣϢҲ˻ȥ
һƬңɢ
ЩӶճ̫أȻƲ壬ԬܶġǣԾ̬͸һЩ̫᷷
ʱճ׷ȥˣ˼һ»Ҫݣ裲͵ֱնɱ裣ս˶ֱӻȥݡ
ϣ̫ؾݴʷڵԱɱ⣬ҲȨ졣
ԬܣΪҲֻܿͷϱһ²ûʵж
ΣȴûȥΪ裴ƽ
Ϣĸɢ
һɢ
̥ҲȥˣԸȥ᳤׿
ȴǸԻصϽӿ췢չٶȡҹսұ
ԴӶ׿յڵһꡢЮ֮󣬴󺺾Ѿʵ
ʵҰĵģȫ̡

ճõǧƥ֮жǣҲͲٶ顣
ǧӻսִȫ׷
һΣ׿ر
Ԫس硢ˣսɢ顣
ңգУȴݽӼãһ·ֱ
ҪģҪǿ͡һ·ȥ壬κһգǶ˰ɣ
ٱãճۼڽض
ǡ
˹Ӧ
ճҴҽִ֮ŮӣͬԪ·
Щʱ򣬿ͷϵ˵ǲôá
ɱͷܸĵĶϰ
ȵնµͷ­ɾۣԼֻӣ֮ʦ

ִҿ裬ǧ쫷ء
;һž͵ڵϣ
һЩŰŮˣ޴źͯ
ճɭ䣬һ仰ÿʮִӣͰܻߣѪϴ
ǡѩŮӦ˸ƣŮӳͬɽĸ
ಡ
ǡ
ЩʩŰʿȫʺм
ȻֻˣȴĽкڵ֣пΪ󽫡
ԸЩרգѺĸǾһɱ
֮ŮִǰڰΣȻΪŮЩΡ
ƣܲá
һ·׷߰ʮճ;յĲ״ѾľִŮҲнʮ˶顣
ģͷһЩ
նɱ֮ճ׷жҲǰ֡
ǰʮͼǰȿںѹѹĲ´ˡ
һ䡭
Ʈչһ֣һ֡
ΪԱ󽫣ᵶЦҲ̫ûˣȻͻأܵ
ãָͷ
ճӰս죬۹ֽţ
಻סѪȿҪǰ
ʵǣճǧ˿̫ˣȥһ



1840 ϣ
ͷһͷһ¹볤˹ѣ
󷽣ʮİն飬ϼҴڣ
ǻ߲ܵˡ
һʮͷľʵӴ˶١
ߴԼԼͯҥ鷳꣬ͯҥ֪ʲôʱʼġ
ʼʱһ˸߲ңͬجˡ
ôˣ㲻ҪͻȻһ࣬һɡ
óʱû˵һͷԵڵأɫ࣬²ʡ
ʧɫſڵϣ޴޺
·Ѿףž˵ڵأȻδ
ߣٲӳ㡣žһͷĳ
һθͲ֪ʹֻ£ϸԺ̱ڵһֻ૵Ұɣˡ
ʱԶˮĻоˣоˣ֮ˣܡ
ԺٹһᣬԽԽ
ƣľİգͻȻзŹ⣬ͣ½Ųתͷȥ
˫æͷҲ˲ǱӳͷѪƣҲˡ
ȿںѹѹʱһĴɢǺ֮ԽԽ
һ֧ɫ¼׵ִͬƮ衣
֧ڼ׾ͻɱͷﻹأԴ󺰣
࣬Щ˵ɤر󣬺סҾջ
ִ֧ɱսʿľʮһҾ׷ϰա
䣬ЩڸһŰܵԶûһм¡
ԵľʿɷʱŶ˲б޴򣬻ͷȥ
ͼһﱼڣƼһƮݡʿüϸĿ
һŮˣܲ٣ȻԦг̤һˡ
ʿ캰˰͸֮ɫ
ȴԭƥнŮʿѾŹɲɵļֱָԼ
˰֧Хž˺ĺ嵹ɶˤ䡣
ǵѪƤ޵䳾һ㳾ҡ
˶ҪȾԮݣߣҲܵõȻ
ڶߣŮʿδֹͣƥнйͬӰһ졣
ʮȻǧͻơ
ĿţӹݼХһƬҰҽС
һµס׵壬һ̽ŴͼٴϢûоˡ
ͷ򽥽ƽϢƬƬع򽵵

Ϣһʱ䣬Ԫ˵գսʿ䣬׷
ճȥеѺ׵Ĵ󺺹˵Ѻģ˵Ź
ٽ
ܵ˾ࡢˡ
ճ֪һǲ֮ԣ֮ʱֲδ̫飬컭һĻȫͷһС롣
ʱδȴǻ鴤һţѪ
࣬ҰѾһͿұߣͷҲ׹ǲβѪȪӿ
Ҳòȥױÿѣͷǰȥ
ҵȣɱǹУüͷͲӢۺú
ճΪҪȰӲҲĲ
ɷˣʱܱܣδơ
Ҳ˵ϼӲȵԷȰ֮Լٲ鲻Ը˳ˮۣӦ齵Ҳıλ
ȴϣоĳ칬ӣȫĿˣ翴ˡ
ս֮ǰľסЩ󽫣ڶ׿̫մ޹ߵѪȣѾʺս
֮ڲɱŸô
ֻ뿴պµ׶쵽ģȻ˺ԣѳպֻʣʮˡ
ճϸϸĴһ£͵һˣȵ˳֮ͣӺͰǰǧС
ǡ
Ӧȥࡢ˾ߣһ˻Ц㱾£ʲôֵȰģúɣһһˡ
սͨգѷ֡ı׳ʱ׻ͣŤ壬ҪѶԷԼҪ
ȻûͶȴǼӷ
ѷ֣
⻰һ˵ܾһЦ
ƱʦǰһжûסҲˡ

С̴ǧ䣬Ա½ճ˵ҲֻǸոѡ
ΪУͷǧӸûʲô
ΩżвܷʸˣԼӰ¡
ȵԪ֧ϵ
ճ֮һߺȣǧ׷



1841 £
ࡢ˴ڴˣּİն飬⣬׿ѾòԶ
ǵû⣬ΪɱеԵʣȴġ
ӣιʳ֮󣬿ܹսճͺ̡
ôǵĶ׿¾ʲôǵա
Щȫˮ֮УһƽҾ֣ҲһЩʧ
ճԼ˵Ļ֡
һǾͻᴫ֮ȼݣӢ¼ķ
ִӲҪִоͣеУǸΡ
һ㣬ճֻǸѩŮ䣬ˣͷͷǵġ
ԭϢֻӣԪķѾע⵽߶̸ԼˣȫǸмҡ
˵ЩŮǷ㣬Ե׺ʵ޵ˡ
Щڳ칬гŮӣķʲӡǴﾴԼʦһǷĵĳ羴ܸȾġ

ǧȡ
ǰһƽȥɽ˺˶С
ճĿԶͼͬһнİգɱ
ǰͼĳӡ
м䣬һ޴ǰС
ƺܸӦ֮ڹЦ֮ŮŵĿ
׷϶׿ˣڡǰһӦþȺȻ滹ЭҲ֪һ
ճͣ㣬о΢΢ǰָȵǰҪս·ɱ桭
ɱ
׳ź
¡¡Уɱ糱
һɧҴҰӿʱʿĺȳ
ʮŮɢˮһûСճȴûͣӰԱӹһͷײԴ֮С
㾹Ȼ˴󵨣ֻǧ˾׷ǲ֪ҷ㡣
һĿŨ뺺赶ͳǰأͬ˰Ļ
Ҳצ
ճһкâһתͨͻȻϷ⡣
һԪ壬ٶȻһһꪣаͻǰ
ۡ
ཻһ졣
ֻǰӰнҫĿ
ĵո̧ѾƬһ㴫ݹһ˫ֱۿͶϳأؿ𶯣Ѫոһ󵹷ɡ
м١
ճ΢ڣѷ׳ӻ˹ȥȵˣ
һЦӦ£Ѱ󽫰
ֽϼ¸ڴ󣬷³ɱ
ճ·֮󣬸ͣ
ӿһǰϯȼգƬ⡣ţһ˺һӣǰ
·ûһ֮УֻǱɿ񳱾оѪ˷ɽ
ɱٲ֮ʱѾɥ
ȳ嵽ٲ룬Ѿû˶־ճǧ˷âָ׷ױÿ
ģ˴ȫѹƬ
ʱȻϧƥʱ򣬵ֶ롣
ճ֪һ㣬׷ڵȫס

ܿܵ
ɱ֮һǰ
Ϊһ˹ţִǹǰ
ԱһʿȰݣȫǾɫ
ĺϮֻǧ˶ѣսߣôҲ˵ȥɣżýŵֱ
Ը涭׿Ĵսºպչѫ֪˿̵λε֮ס
ӿףȴ׿ȫ¶ڵн֮£²˸ɵġ
º׷Լ˵ǰˣ²
Ϳڻ֮ʱҲסֺǰķһϾͰܣֵܹУٲ뿪ӡ
ʿˣ΢ֵȻΪ
̾ϢҡͷҲȥ׿رصĳӣֻɽݡ
ĸӦϧҪǲµòǼڼĺˣ˵еһʿνȻżã׿´󽫣ǻ׵Э
ʷҲճԪһǵĳƺ̾˶Էݡ
żõҲˣճֻǵųþòܲŪС
ֶҲΪǹΪӱ裬ѣòܲٳһ
һսִ٣ܲٴܿ䣬˶ӣΤҲˡ
һλｫ󻹱ñӵĵͣŪ½֪ʵһ㣬Ҳû̫Դ¼ԵǸʿͲһһʿڼĺ͡
׿ЮֺЭǨ꣬ңͷĪҡſ˷
Դ󺺳ƻȻΪһ
ǣڼ֮ϡ
˾ͽʹ˼Ʋߣɱ׿±Ҳǲɾȡ
Ҳ˰֮ء
ǣλʿڼ⣬ǹӶҰЮӡ
ҾҰްնɱգԪĺʹ˱
Ҳֻʣ¼ʮˣʮһ

Ȼ»δڼڶ׿ڽ²޾񣬲û¡
ܣüƴǼ죬Ҫߵﶼܵõ˵Σһͺܲˡ
鸽£óһЩԼҲ鷳
ȥˣʿ׽ˡ
ճ֮ʱϾ۹·˷ڼһӣ֪ˣȻŹ
¾Ӵӣ׷ȥ
Լڼ飬ճٹģżտ˷п־壬ӭϣϣ˷ɡ
λｫȥԼ֧Ŷãܲܳŵ׿´ȡȻ󣬾ͷԼ̫ˡ
ûԷôУѾǰһʹǰڣǵ£á
ž͸о˰ס
̧ȥľԼ±ͬ㱻ɱѪɺӡ
ֻʮԼˣѾʮȥǧˡ
ݣЩ˵ôģз棬ɱ绢ȺˣҲ⡭
ճŵŨŨѪζݵĮɭ䡭ڵӣաһ㣬·ûܵκʵԵĵֵܿ죬ǰͼƾ޴
Ҫ˶׿ؽֵֿ߲ɱ⣡
һǧſڴ
һͬһ嵽˶׿ԣꪴŽ⡣
Уնһƥ
𡭡
һЦ֪Сҷң
Ц޴֮УѪըڿ
Ů׿˺Ƭ
һ޴ɫ¶ɭɭֻ¶ͷ­֮ŴͣųճԼڵӣһ¡
Ǿ޴ͷֵĵطͬȪˮһöӨСӡ巽Σų⣬ǣⷽ𶯡



1842 Юϣ
ȻʹҲ쿪ˡ
ճ֣֣ʵʵԪǣûĪ֮
е˵Ǳ
ĸԴɻԪתʵϣﵽɾճھݽѹ֮£Ҳòͨ
ʹ󹦳ʵǶ׿ǰŽСӡ
Ҫһö֪Ϊݾ֮УӶõ
巽ӡڶ׿ˡ
ֱǡʵʵ֮
ЩСӡûʲôĿҲԶǺʵ۴졣
ǣӡҲ飬˻ӣȻá
ʱܹǣ˵óΪܡ
ܹ͵˽һ
ճǵâն̽
ɲΪλʲô֣ԼԪȫͻ˽ɾ磬˼ûܹ˵ԼҲû̫⡣
׿ʱԺҳ֮󣬸Ϊ͢ºܴ͡
ڶԸǼսУ˺ܴ֮ʱҲϴǶ佫
书ߵʲôأ
ʱ£ϸҷƵЩ¡
Щ˼ˡ
ճԹģֻͨһ
ιһսճı֮£ͻؿڣﵽͨĵز˵ճûг֣¾ۡ
һλ佫ɱ׿иŵ֡
һ߶֪ȫ׿ʵΣͺˡ

ݱ֮缴λȫƲס
󽫾νרȨΪ˶Ըʮ̣뵽ľλǼĶ
Ҳ˺ֻ¡
׿볯ҵңѹٹ٣Ӵ̤۷塣Ұ϶õ㣬һ֮£ֵòˡ
ˣ۷
ԬɳܲΪ̿ʹɱֵ붭׿ҡԺ˯ӣȻҳ֡
ǲܲٵ̫С
Ƕ׿װ˯ͻȻѹס˲ܲ٣
Щֻ֮ܲȻ˵˿Բ¡
׿һ˲䣬ճ̾ˡ
ֱ廪ǣ˹˼沿ֱЩ¶ƤͳϸСۡ
һɹɼǿӿķΪ֮ҡҷ
ԭ壬ѹֻ˵ʩ
ɫը֮˶ֻһźɫ棬𣬿壬Ҳס
ƥŹڵأʺǱˡ
ҹܲṥΣ˾죬ҲǶ׿Զ֡
ճѩŮ˵һ飬ҲΪʲôЩ佫ڶ׿ǰû̫භ־ԭ
һֱ֮ǽʱʲôʣλ౻긽壬Ӷֱʣ
뷨ֻճԺһӶȴҲöǡ
Ǳ佫־ɵĳ棬Ȼ޷룬ܻܿᱻǣɢ
˵ʵֻһСߡ
Ͷ񣬻ܳƵһھݽ֮ڣϣȻͻƲɾ硣
Ԫ񣬻ԣ̫Զ
ֻأ
ճ߳һꪾͻΪһźڰ׹Ӱ
ʮ֮أӰӰ´¼䣬ˡ
һ֣
޴ͷո̽δ֣ͱźڰ׹âռ糤ˮһ㣬ɽȥ
зâ֮Уûмֲ
˻˻ܾĤۣٹһᣬֹЪճͣŶ׿ǷʴߴΣ㻹кֶΣʹ
ôóͨǺηʥ
׿ɫޱ䣬ȫ𺧣ѵǽⷨ԰ӦֻһѣǱѾ٣ոõҲǻϵͨ
նߣˣ굽ԭǵֻ
ճ΢΢һ㶣Ŷ׿֪ϢһЩҲͻȻ⿪
Ϊʲô׿Ҫ꣬ٵ棬ɱ̫󣬲ҹ͢
˴󺺳һѻ˸ɸɾ
Ϊһʱǲġ
ֻҪܵҾ˼ˣ顣
ΨһĽͣǾг
ҲССԹǲ֮
׿ΪԱһ·ֱϡ֮£ҫ档͢νôܻɥĲĶԴأ
ѵӽˮˣ
˵Դ䣬񾭲
˵һ񾭲ǲܶܳôȡϷġ
ΨһܣѾǵλҳ佫ˣǱꡣ
ӺܿѾ˶ᡭ
ⶾԣӦÿԿóģһߡ
һ߻һʼгǸնߵδǴ˵çѣ

Χ£ͬɶ˻
׿Сӡգһǣ˵Ҫγɷ
вƣâ
δģ
㵽Ǻ·ֻ˶ãӦýˡ
ճһЩ飬Ͳٶ顣
΢һŽ⣬һһ̤̤ΪӰǰ
ա
âһɿռϸСѷ졭
ݡʯࡢѪȫΪ㳾
һƽնϣڶ׿㵵֮Уббնһ룬Ѫ糱ӿһ
׿ʹһѿгöͫɭ顣
һƵȻһԾʹĶҪȥ



1843 Ю£
ӣ
ճЦһιӰҪ룬һ׽âץС
ָһУ߻꣬ͱǵâ
һƸȪӿճȻһ񡭡
鶴˱ԴУͻȻͬٲһ㣬һǿ֮٣̾Ϣͻ
꣬ڴ˷ˣޱ߶£Ӱ쵽˵չ
֮󣬾о޴󹦵½٣Ҳмǿ
֮ʱôɱ߻أ
ճ΢΢Щ⣬ֻܲ²ţʱʺˣӦóĳֹŹֶΣѶ׿ɱˡ
˷ɣö׿ڽ֪
ȻĿܣ߻ûɱȻ֮٣ͼպˡ
ճɱ׿֮ʵûеõ̫ôҲûеõʲô˾ˡպޱȡ
Ȼզء
ճһֻһ㣬꣬ϲ޶ݡһ̣ͰѶ׿ӴӼδ̴ϣ߸߾
׿߲ɱ
ƴֱ
䡭
ҰΧ£ұʱʧ룬Ҳûаֶ־
ʱȺףЩҳһţķӴܡ
߰ҰЩŰվۼӴܣߣ߻֮Уֻ¶
ɢ׷ɷŹճ

ڵӦǧ˻һɢʮӣʮ׷ɱ
ٲͻȻɢÿһֳַʮӡ
սڣĳ칬ӱɫ¼˸
նɱѪ˹
ǧӶǴСʱͱӵ˳칬У˵յĴУ˶ɽϡ
ԪѩŮ˵Ĳ֮£ǵսǽж켫
ʱ׷ҾϾѹʽɱ¾
һʱ죬ѪƯ֡
ؽɱ
ɱʮһƬ
ģϡϡһƬ
ǧӷնɱ֮£ӵԶֻ߰·ͱնɱ
Ѫ֮Уǹڵصĺڼʿ䡣
һ£ȺԼİնҲĵ㺮û˸Ҵ˵
ϧһս֮ʮ򾫱ȥˡճߵѩŮ̾΢΢һ˿̡
ûʲôϧģЩڶ׿ѾӣʮѪ󲿷ûʲôԣҲۡ
ճҡͷ
Լ٣ҪΪսķͲҪ־Ͱܻʿ䣬ȫɱ˲ʡʡ
ʷ֤һ֧ʧȥԺͻҰޣƽ˸롣
ǿ˵ʱ󿴴һ㣬һԲϣͻᱩɱˡ
ʲô塢£أǣڡ
׿ڽľֱʿֻԸʿսһŲۡ
Ȼսˡ
ܲĺܣҲɹǵ顣
Ƿʿɱ⣬Űգʿѹйĵ׵ı塣
һѻոɸɾ
ִַࡢٴνӢۺܣճȫ
Ͳаϧʮ䡭ؾͣǾԼĵǲ
ѩŮ⻰ͷǡ
ֻһʱижûоòԡС֮ʱ
ǣЩǵȷɱ絶ãþͲ
һʵ
ճתͷȥֻ֮УѾһλƳ꣬һңң
Աߣվˣȫ߹ڲѪԾ࣬ܵ
ǰ龰롣
ǳдˡ
ճﰵţֻ֪γƺ
˳ǢҲôϣѩŮ˹ȥЦʵ
Ϸ롭ոۣʵǴģ֪Ƕ׿
תͷһĳӣʱԾɱţбб֮ꪷϣ鴤˫Բƺš
ԭ˾ͽˡſ˼ʱȫ羡ϣ޷֮ȵλĳ佫ȫ׽̡նԸ¡
ճû˵̫ףĶ׿Ѿֻһǿǡ
˵꣬ѾǸֲˡ
ݡ
һȫһоͷϲɫ
׿꣬ɱ޼ɣջ˺ҽɽ顣
ʱճҪѶһ򾡣ǰնɱĻ󳩡
ǿѹסͷϲ⣬ݵ٣¡˴ȼݣʷ
˾ͽΪĳҲౡ
˺ͺȻЦϷѾ׿Ϊ񣬲ٳƺ˾ͽ
׿ĹٺͱĹٵ㻹ǲ㣬ȻһʺͿˡ
ճҲᣬֻЦЦˡ
˾ͽ룬̫ξ˾ˬȻһͷʣʱΪ
һƬϹԱǰ
ƽνĶξЩ˺ܿܿһۣʱƴǲͬ׿ľǿһͿҲܻ׽
ƣܲľ
Щ˾þӳãȻʲôɵӣ˾Ʊǿĵ
Ҳڶ׿רȨʱܻ
롢۵ճԿóЩڵ̬ηչ
ԼһҳǶ׿ڶ
Ա润ʢҾдﶼǼΪ
սϣʱѪɺӣͷ
˭óһλɲʲôĴ֮ȻȴҲɲֶΡ
ճ׼ȷ飬ҲԣЦ֪¿ɻãǰȥƿգٷϴˣִ֡
ô룬ϻҪȥġ
ճ׷׿֮ǰѾס
󺺸Ȼƻ٣˽ģ𡣵òϣһ󲿷˻Ļ󺺡
ƽպʿ
ʹ
ϰߣ͸ٹ̣˵ľ͸ĵġ
ϰԳƴϰ˱͢ͳΣ۳֮ϵǲǻʵֻҪʵۻڣž޴
Ю
ܲǰԼҲѧϰ
಻ܲǰ̫ݾˡ
ڣҲܰﵽԼһѣôһ
ڴȨգҪҪȥ
Ͳÿǡ
ճһȴȫ¶Ц
ΣλٻǶԻʵصģҲ㹻ˡ
飬պܱȶ׿רȨҪá
¾ڲԶ뽫Ʋ
롣
ճȻӦ



1844 ϲСӣϣ
һ£ճԾĲԼһˣû¾ԪĴɨɨȥĲ
ֻһͨһ㣬ϸϸƬصĲ
ʮɫƷ
ĿȻıˣðжУҲδɡ
־磬ʲôͨҲʹҲʲô鿴ơ
ڷ׵к꣬һ֡
ʱȥȥҲܰĵס
Զһŵĺ󳵣ᶯ˶񲼴ͬˮζ
ϸϸ۵ļٺ
⣬ŲֻһСﾪ£ڵȺǿѹס𶯡
һ߽뼱䣬Ӱ
ǰվŵһɫ԰ףСк
Скźڳֱ׺⴩ƴ멡̫ã֮󣬽Ų΢΢ġ
ƺЩӪΪּʳ񣬸пܾ˼ǡ
ԣɫĲ̫á
۵ǣСкȫ⣬Ǳ۸ˣ¶˴һ
Ǻ׵Эˣҵֻʣһˣºְܻ̿ɡ׿Ȼ˿ȴҲûθˡϾ֮ܵϻʵۣǶӷǻġһȨܸܿҲһ
˵ҩ³
ճһۿȥЭ뷨
ֻǾĺӶѣĽ̵Ҳܳ죬Լ¡
ĺ£֫΢ԼͷɼϸϸԼɼ
ţ¸ңҲûʲô̫Ϊڷ絲ˡ
ԵİСҪһЩ
ճ֣СֱȻҲϸ΢ȴǵһЭĺҪ˷硣
˵õķӦԣΪӶճǰܶ׿ƽ˵Ϊ
Ȼһɺȴֱġ
㲻Ҫһһֱľ꺢̫ǡ
ʱЭվñֱͷ­΢΢𣬱ȷ̬ѾǿϾųɾŵˡ
ĵȻֹˣ˵ͷСʱš
Ǹ꣬޵룬ɫ΢ɣüͷţŻİ
ȫֵĺۼ·Ѱоա
ճ֪ǡ
ľ绮֣ʵѾ׺ڣҷӹ档
ճܿԷǿ
һʮꡢ꣬źˮӿзâ㣬ȻҲѽĵز
ʮָϢɬ
ǽˣѵõĽ֡
òճҲ˶Է˭
ѩŮ鱨
ЭȻǸӣûѺעʦԽһֱڻʵԡ
ʱ̵֮
ȻҲзŶ׿мӺ˼档
Խų½ڣѧգڵңʦıһְٰΪڹ»
˵Ͷӡ
Ȼ˵㣬ʵ˵㣬λʵô
ֽɢˣĳ佫϶ӵġ
Ȼ̵ѧĵʦ˵ȥܲ˸߿֡
ȻûʵȨ˾η֮䣬ҲǺӡ
ܹĩͰˣճۣҲȥעԽʷʦͽ
֣ԼǰΪƺŵСһɵϾ¶ů֮⣬һҾЦλӦþǷˣȻɣ
һȫɫ
һ棬ճ͸˰ЭͷС̲ˣչʾǿΪ
һ棬ȴճ͸˼ǳӵ̬ȡ
ѼҵСһ㣬ɰúѧϰȻǳ԰ɶġ
̬Ȳ˵ԣԵǻʵۣǾЩˡ
ʲô˼أ˾ͽ롢̫ξ˾ˬȴȫ΢΢ͷñ˿Լɫ
ʲôҲ˵
Ͼǰûǲ֪λԸΣ᲻˵Сʵۣ
ԸӣƢãԼŭԷ̬չ»˽ܡ
Сôȫһ
Сĵ̧ͷϸϸճ۾͸ź֮ɫ
Ϊճͬʰϸӣ΢΢
ЭҲ̧ͷĽ䱸İȻȥࡣ
˹Уλܺ
׿֮󣬲⣬϶λƿ˴¡ô̬ȺҪ
佫඼Ǵ³ġɷ֮һԲϾͺɱġһ׿Ѿɱúһ˶㣬һ˭ܲˡ
̬ȣ٣̫¡
Ҫ֪׿ʵ֮ʱްݲ볯ϵ
˵ǣ׿ϳʵġ
оԼҷһ㣬СʵҲǶԴ֪СƨǸû
ճҾӣѾܺˡ
񣬽նɱΪҺұѩޣޡмν纮֮
ЭһĻŻ˫̧ȫ
ֻ۵ͯЩȷβš
ôһһٵİ⻰˵ˡ
֪ǲ˵ջ͢ԡѪ龰˵仰ۿͺˣ촽΢⡣
ߵķСŮһʾҵճһݣҲǶµ
˾ĺӣԲпʵһ·ѹ֮أ֪
ʱճԴ绯ĺůϢţɵͬʱ˼֡ص˸ĸԡ

ճ̾ϢִᣬͻǸոնСѧ꼶ʱҪе£ʵڹˡ
ңΪܣǻҪҹʧȥüֵ˶
Ҳ̫ûûζ
ϧţСԴοȫȥˣһجΣҲˡԺͷſ˼̫ƽû˸Ҷǲ



1845 ϲСӣ£
Լ֮ϣԼ֮ס
˵ճûϰ߰ǰС
˵ˣһɼ֣ҲЩ
Сڴɱ¾֮ԼҶŮ
˳Կο
ͷ
ģڳдȴ룬ܾţձˡ
ӦļȲǴ󳼣ҲǻʵСڣǾͷڻʵԽʷˡ
Ŀ޾ϣһ
һ㣬Զһ͵ճǰ
ıɫƮţƺüģǴʺࡣ
졭
óڳд󳼵Ӿ
ֻըԭӹ۾һʹУһιӰʮ
Ҫ
ס֡
롢ˬ˼죬Խ֮ǰѷֲףʧ
δѴ̵ճǰ
ʱüǺ޲ðԽеǰѪͷ
ǹѵû˼Ҵڲ࣬ǶСʵ۱ʾ׽ѶԷɺСѣںɱģ
򲻹Ҳˣ˵λҿ¶ᣬ֧˭ܵס
ǶҪˣǧһ仰ûüǰꡣ
ˡ
һ
ɫ̵ճʺǰǰһڣͼէͻȻͣ
һӰǰ帩̵̬ԭأǰ̣⻪ת
紦ȴָɵЮס˱
ǸһЦ꣬ݲ䣬˿ڣƺûԽǰһʮ
Խͷըңֱִ۲⡭
ɫȴǾ֡
ǽ纸ճָ֮䣬类ɽѹס̲鲻ء
⽣ǿˣù֮Ҫϧǣ㽣ⲻǿ׿Ҫһ㡣ɱ㵲סʮС
ԽĽȻû̫
Ȼ֮£ԣҲҪæҡ
Ľƺߵһˣ׷޿첻Ƶļ¡
·ꡢþŹ֣â룬
Ǵɱļý֮ۡ˭ͷѡ
ճĿڶҳȣпܻܡ
ڿĳ潻棬ԳꪴԽûʲô
ɱ㣬ֻøֶѡ
ԣճּ滹ҪԶԶ߹Ķ֣ԽвɾͱȫƲճǿ
ô꣬Խһֱû쵽һְٰʦ죬ȴأԭġ
ͷʵôãͽʷͬˣµķʽʱ˿Цá
ΨһóģһԲϣѪ岽
˼άʽ볯ȫһƵϡ
ճʵۺӵͷԽǴ󲻾ǿ벻̣һ³ѪҲִͻ
ԼӰýڲս£ԳƵ޵С
ļ㣬Ҳȥ˵ԷĺȫΪʵ۳򣬴µĿ
ܶ׿ǰԼҽ£ڽ¡
ôȵ˵Լͷϡ
ջֱ̫ˡ
ˣͲܲ˵ĳˡ
һֽ̳߰еѪҪȼ
ֻ֮Уһﵽ۷壬ȴϣǰĶ赭дָͼס˽档
ɽ󺣰㣬ȫɵֿ
ңһǿԼ
ƺֹͣУԺоͱһƬհס
ǴӼٵ־ȫѹƣͬ׹ԨԼһȫǼٽ
ͷޱƣϡɣ˶ѡճҡҡͷָ΢΢һǱЮסıɫ󹥳Ǿľһ㵹ײأ
Խɫ͵ͨ죬Ҳ֪ͣΪ裬Щ޵ݡ
ִұۿһѣѪ죬гҲճֲסһײؿ֮ϡӦɶڵƲһ㣬΢΢鴤ţȥ˰
ʦ
Աʷһŭ𣬿粽۾ճȻŭѼ
óʦͽͬõúܡ
ߣûûǰɣ֪ˡ
ѩŮŭһüǰһճǰ
µӷ͡
˵ĵӳȻҪг֣˳Ц칬ˡ

һʹâӹռʣлϸϸڵ˿â׻͸˵ľ
ʷոմ̵һϳأҲõ߰˲㵹
ǰһ߽ۣӼͷ裬ѪȪӿ
³򣬵ҺҳҼүȻѶնڽ¡
ѩŮ˵֮ʱǳЦͷ̲ϧһʣ֮ⷢ󣬾һնɽƵǿǡ
ǽš
⽣֮£˿˿ನɨ֫
ͬɽСӼʨϻһ㣬罬
ˣѩŮĽ⻹շģƿطΧ֣Ҫ˵º͸λ󳼡ԽʦͽҲǻУЩ̧ȥκƣ̫Ϊǡ
ǣүѩŮսʣüոСŮ̫ļʧ˷ִ磬λĪ֡
޷ѩվˣҵӹ̫
˾ͽݺݵһĭǰ»ָ״̬ѩŮգ۾ΪԼΡ
һŮɣ
֮ǿ׿ǰʲôˡ
Ц⣬ǰ̾ǿҲ֪ѩʦӺˣ˸
ιзķǿᲢ棬һСҲЩˡ
⻰һСʵЭͷ۾ͻȻѩŮĿֱȻҡ
СӾôҲβԼ⣬ûˣҲѧ
ѩŮ˵鶺ЦҵĽү״ºͷѧǿʱ̵ġүĵشƣΪˣңϲСӡ
˵ŻȻԼԼүˣæСĻͷճɫ
ԷԾЦӯӯûа㲻ŷ
ðð
ЭͷСæͷСһ㡣
ƾʲô鶼±ȽϣǰԽų½ڣ޵УԱΪʦ
ֱһ˱ˣȻӡ
ѧո֣ںһʼңġ
ǽЩҰһЩ佫ȥȫ
ǵٵ磬Эһ뷨
ǾҪɾſƿԼˣڱŪڹ֮ϡ
߽ն壬Ӷɨ˻ϵ
ĴͳԴԶ



1846 ǻϣ
ճıƪ֣¼ƶӣʳʣʱͼźôˡ
ǧӣ쳾֮ʮϰȥôһЩ˲ų֡
ͽЩˣ
ۼտȼ磬ѧȲҳʿӣĳЩ̸ȴ֪Ҫǿȥˡ
֮Щ˶һЩȫţʵɼҡ
ͿԿһܺõռжҪˡ
ʲôѧһ㣬ҲҪѧúܾ˻ʶ֣д˽ʷףȥĥһ
ȵ룬֮󣬻ɼģǾ˲š
ʱճ󺺳ͬ͢ʱ·Ѿõ
ٲǰ־񣬶ľϣ
°øõǾս͸⡣
Ҳճġ
ڵ֮ʱȻ̫ģȴרŵԱͳµӵĲŻգµ˽ʮ
ʱֻҪȥʲô¶ùˡ
ѩŮĹ͡
ôЩ鱨˾ƽмء
̫ϸûбҪϾڽҲڱ仯
ֻҪƿÿһӵ·С۴ӵƷԺ츳֣Ϳ۵ó˭Դã˭ֻʺһ½ܳеΡ
Ϣ¼֮кҪһݹճֵġ
ûаѵǷֳһŵȣʵеġ
ȥӰΪߵͣѣԼֶΣϵ·ΪΡ
򣬲ǰ֣ʵǰ֡
һ˶ȷԼĶλܿͰʮϷ
ԪȻũҵž飬͵δ˾ũһְɣԺ𳤰һãרӪְû⣿
ճڳڣѩŮֶһ²裬ббαϡ볤Х졢Ĺ롣
ʦũҵһ£Լũез飬ҵļжСôӣգⲻ⡣ֻҪһݽǮ
ԪЦŻش
ճ羭ϵͳʮĴԽսʿʵһȫš
ƼгɹҲΪӸȡ֪ʶʮ־ˡ
ңǷ磬Щ֪ʶơ
ֻҪоʱ䣬ʲôѧ
֪ʶѧô涼ԡ
ԪĻشճҲ⣬ݺͽǮ㲻öǣɳ̻Ḻ𣬳ڹܡϣҺܷġˣҪˬܴһЩ˲Ź
磬Ժй滮ҵ˰ȡҪˣ˵ִУнһС´ң񽥶࣬Ҳţ·ǡ
Ӵũҵҵͽҵ͸ÿ˵ȥʮӸ¡
ǣʦ𡣡
ΨһּҪðհҵܼ֮࣬ĶҪ
ճ΢΢һ˿ʡ
Ӱл۵Ӵһθļġ
ֻҪ£̫ƽʢż޴ջ
±£ǣȫо
ǿͻƶ˵£ϵԼĴ޵·
ճֻƽ£ձ¡
ڴô֪϶һʷ롣
ѧħİתʹƷɾԼźܴ
úá
ĲĻҪ𺳡
֪ǲΪ˷⣬Ϊڵɽ֮УӾӣλ̫ߡ
ֻɱ׿գԼδʼƽأֵջѾﵽʮˡ
ңڷ
ճסչǿĻϲҲǿѹ£ٸҪ£Ϊһ㡣
ãԼǰƽµӳ̶Ȳ
ϹʴƬأƾŹˣΪһˡ
˼ʥ֮⣬Ҳ޾κһ֡
ô˷ǰȻûֱ̫𣬱ȴȫͬġ

ǳլˣԭĴʷѱ͢á
ԭĳλԱְҪ°ţµȵ֮ʱλ
ԱţճûҪһá
ҲʲôɼʵѧʿӣΪ͢ЧǺҲǲԸһӡ
ϾǧӣҪķظء
̫࣬æ
үүأʲôְ񣿡
ѩŮһȣ۰Ͱ͵˹
齻ȥûȫҲֶλʦΪʲô
ũҵҵҵҵ
׼»ҵȫһֳаˣɵùѧģ
ɻʵıġ
ڳ칬ƹ鱨̽ԼǵǱٹ
УִŹҲ顭
ʱԪس׼չֽţȫԼȥʱЩġ
ѩŮأŵġ
ճѩŮһ㣬¶Сԣд֡
е˵ĻһѾǰٶ̫̫ˡ
Ȼ֮˲ô㣬ôǳء



1847 ǻ£
ճһһĵѩŮֽ׶Ȼ鱨̴̯ˣؾԽɵ顣֮ǳǵΰ͹Ա죬ִ
ЩҹܣܴӦ𣿡
ѩŮһϲЦüë
ʱͲţ鰲ŵԽԽأʹʦԽء
ΨһЩĵǣ󺺳һ׹ԱϵͳŸԼȨУǻ
ԼΪһŮˡ
ʿݿɲô˴
ʲô㿴
ճǰָԶСڻ԰֮һһ۵Ž
ľȻббź䣬ȴʮֽۿɼ
Сߣ߰˸СŲյ͹Ʒš
мŮСȺٻ
Щ˿ȥҲû̫ʱʱĻԼĹҲȻֱѧϰ黶úܡ
԰ʵСڶүΪˣǿֻ֣ҪǵʩҲûʲô˸Ҵе
㵷Ҳ£ߣǹȥ
ճ²յ˹ȥ
ѩŮ˸档
̫ݼʦ𡣡
ճЭæսкŷСǰ
СϺ˵ģϢ೤
Ȼϰԭ򣬶ԭʡ
ǰûиʱֳԲ˯õģֻϰһʱͿˡȵҩȫ֮ǿϰɡ
ʦ𣬽ĿԳ𣬿Իܾã
ЭЩнҶ໰һЩ붭׿ദ֮ʱСġ
ȴȫЩܿСŮܹӦ˵⣬˻õúܡ
֪ʵ׽úܡ
ȻԣǿѩŮһЦĲԡ
һָһ׹ֱʮɣԶԶƿһԶһúϱնϡ
׹⻷źХأģȴһԵı
ǧǲǻ죿Эһ±ü۾Ź⣬̾ޡֻڴ˵ʦ𣿡

ѩŮһɵǳɾˣⲻ±˲ûжɽ
ΪݽѹƣҲС˼
ʱյСʦСʦʧôҲúŪȥ
ˡڷ죬Ҳǲԡ
һ£ϳʻ⣬һƽɣһͳ
ֱʮɸߣڰ֮УƮƮɡ
汾ˡ
ǿýЮţֵ
ճһĻҲΪѩŮˣֻһգʵȫ춼ʹˡ
⻹ԪŵԭⷽƣԪسġ
ЭͷƻУƶĺˣŵȵѩŮ
ϰɣҲżʦǵҩ֮Ԫ೤޲֡㿴ʦѾˣǲϲԲԣ
ţʦȥˣЩҪҪõ񣿡
Эŵʵ
˵ʵڵģСʵ۵ʲô˼ҲûƷȨֻÿ࣬ҺΣա
ⲻ˵ɣǿ׳壬ϣﻹ뵱ʲôʵۣ
Ҫҹ£Ժ˯ãֶΪ
ѩŮһƣЭͰ˺ҵӵȥˡ
Ǻ޲һɽ
£ҲЭԼġ
ڻʼңʲôȱ٣ѧʲȱ
㻹ȵһʱʵۣҲ̫ࡣ̫ƽ֮پðɡʱһүٻǡ
á
ЭͻȻ˱ǰȥ
ճ΢΢һЦͳ˴ʷ
سĶܿ죬ʱ䲻Ѿźʩ顣
ʱĳǵźӡ
̧ʯͷġпľͷģľ˷һǰٶೡ
ɻ࣬һЩ̲ʳӦ
˺ˣʲôҲɣҲš
ճƴʩ࣬ܶһˡ

ŲԶһ㳡ʮ˱һЩʿѺźնʱȫɫ԰ףǡ
½½һЩűѺ͹ԽԽࡣ
۵ģǹмļߴӣ۴ͣͶۻƷΧ۰ĸ
Ƕ׿

ճߵһ̨ǰһʣ޴չдšԩ߿࡯֡
ǰһһ̫ʦΡʮλԱ¶
ճҲӣ˹֣˺䣬ֱߵǰ£ԩԩг𱨳𣬹
ܺѹѹİÿһ·һʵͽĺ˹ݷڵأλ
кԩָϺˣٵ
ճʵŪôһԩ߿ȻΪ˹׿½͹ԱҲΪðճһԹ
Թ̫ܻĳֺ󻼣Լ
׿ŪŭԹһѻǧŶº˵Ȼﲻˡ
ͨ˵ȴȫ˳֮ꡣ
ǱƵñ磬޿κΣλһͻ۰׹ǡ
ǻԹָ׿֮⣬ʵ²
ôһЩˣðǼҪɵá
ʮ񣬶ϲʿ˵ֻһţͨ˵ЩɱԼѵͳʿ䣬϶񼫵ġ
ճҲÿһץֻҪָϣ¡
ôһ
¾㹫ƽ
㣬ճ֪ǡ
ġ
ӴԪֱα֪˵Ǽ٣˵¡
Ҫݸм֣ˮ㣬ָȷ󺣣鶴
˵ÿʱÿ̶ͣһʮʮٿڿ棬ԩӰ켫Զ
ôһ죬ᴫĺ˻ģ°˳̡
٣׿жԩ߿Ӱж㡣
С״żþٱҼϸĶӡ
Ⱥои˰ʮ˸͡
ճԪһ̽ӦλʵӵݣһӰӹͷʵѩŮ׽Ź⡢ֳǵˣѺϸ̨ʱն
ǡѩŮ˻֣һУ꺺뿪
½½ǰߡ
ճϰ죬¶˼ˮָϵĻӣѺϸ̨
ˣʵָϵģָ񼫵ļһ
ִжҲܿݣһʱ䣬ץٶˣȫǱָΪѪȵľٺʿ䡣
ְ참Чʣλ󳼰棬Ҳ޻ǲŴ©
ճҲֻͣԹԵļ
쵽ʱаԶԶ
Ѽȥǻ˽Ȱ˵ܴ󻹴ž֡
һŮ塢ٵǱңһѧʣǸѧˣ֪ܲӭʧ˹ָ𣿾ǣҲ¡
һŰɫʿӰļȺߵ֮ǰ۾Ǿǿճ
ճ̧ȥͲԼʮ꣬ݰ׾Ůװ


1848 һɫ֮ͽϣ
ʿŮװŮһ֣ܾһ˽̾ϢΣҲֻ
̾ϢȻŮ˵һο»ǻԼҲϣϧ˲̲һ˳ɫŮ
ΣȻԼЩƽڳϺзȨĳ佫ʱѾȫ˵ϻ
̶ʱ䣬޽ٱΰǾ
иƶȵ趨Լǿִۣϸ꣬𵱳Ҫ
ҪǣÿܹԱӣϽϣ
֮󡭡
ܿúٴˡ
ƽ󺺳ܳȻǺܺá
ǣЩȫһ֣֮ԷһԱ佫ǾͲôˣַŵȥ
εǣԼȻûκο̵ֵģҲûκȨ
ʱֻܵһŹ߿ٿλԽԽߡ
ųΪһõơ
רȨ֮ʱͷԼ򵥣ɻȥΥҲǲԡΪǼһﲻιһЩҪĹټš
˵ģ棬öȷ棬ܵҪĳæٳְɡ
Ҫ¾ӣʮ񣬶õ˹ֱӾͻɢҡ
ˣȻ׿ʩ˶޲ðնɱܹҵڵļֵ
µ٣ҲýζϾΪ°ջȥһ顣
׿ٺݣҲԵ޹ʵľͶĳ֣Ҫֻ㹻ɡ
ھͲͬ˰
ճǿƵǳ֮Щҳĳ佫ϳ˰衣
ҪܵãͲòϸűԼͶ˼ңЩѹˡ
ڼļҪŭճĻֻģȻҲôһˡ
Ͳòˡ
̲லѧȻǺõģ£ǵĴ塣
ۼʷѧʣ˼ȴô
˵úǾӣ˵òԳƵһظ
Ҫô˵أ
׿ȨʱǿٲΪơ֮ڣʷʷ顣ǨСɽ
Ϊ׿رأԣĹԽԽҲԽԽˣԼȴһ㶼δ
ȵ׿֮󣬲߾Ȼ̾Ϣ
һʿΪ֪ζ桭
Ŷ׿֪֮Ҳ֮顣
ǣǶʲôˣ
Ǿ˴󺺻꣬һӰѴ󺺳
һʿ˴ʦȻĹЩˡ
Զ׿ģôǲǾͻôܶ׿ĻԹޣ
飬ճԽеӶ֣Ѳ׽ôն
ʵϣҲԩ
Ϊ֪׿֮ʱλȴǻ켣ڶ׿Ļ
ô󳼺Ͷ׿Ŵ󳼣߶Сʵ۵ĹְЩġ
˾ͽ롢̫ξ˾ˬΪ󺺳ЧԶ׿ʵЩ
ԣ׿ʮֲ˳ۡ
ͬҲǳ͢ˣȴǶԶ׿ʱش𣬾ĸ
ȻڼǰöΣʲô鶼ȥ죬ȴΪܶԷ׽ӡ
Կѧ棬û˸˵ԼȲ̲ҪǿΪ˷ͻ˶ʮֲˡ
ΪЩˣǺ޲Ū
ʿ˴Ĵ֮һ׸׿˾ã˶һЩǷǲֵĸ𣿡
ȫܻĹټŵ
ԣЩ˼ļͷȸȻͻֻ

ճʵʲôˣǶ࣬ظˣ̽ϸߣ̫͡
˭Ȩ˭ƣԷǲǺˣֻ֪˭Һã˭ңҾͰ˭
ʵֻʺоѧʣûô໨ӣ̫¡
٣϶˻Ǯ
ԣճҲ޿޲ɣȻµӰڶ׿һλ󳼣Ҳд󲿷ˣ޲ȥǾʹ
ԼһýɣҲûҪȥĳˣ˳ӦʷҲδɡ
ն벻նûʲôֱ

ճĿǰӢ徻ʮСϢԺʶΪŹɫ
ǲѧǳ࣬Ѽڴ󺺳һһ˲š
ѧʫϵĳɾͣʤǧü͸ˣһ˾͵һͼݡ
¼ʷϿǧš
ȻһֱճΪ֮̾ϢΪŻòҪǼ䱯ҡ
ûλüҶǵŮֽвļ
Ϊţ֪Ĳѧ˵áǺĩӢʷʫ֮⣬һĨʹ



1849 һɫ֮ͽ£
ճûǴĻٹһ꣬ͻ޸ӶٵҲȺ֮Уλָ˵еһ
λٵһĻɫ»鲻þ͹ˣȻҲûжŮ
ϹŮˣͷҲܳ£ֻ¼һЩ
ǼҽһĬĬֱҲûʲôˡ
Щ֮Ů˵ʳǵȻҲȥ
̫Ҫܣܻʤ
ȻӲҡ
ϹͬʱãײҲˡ
ƣıɱ׿ƿ˳Ȩָ߱ͬ鶭׿ԶԴ󺺳ҵ˴֮С
ϸһܻˣӾ൱ˡ
ӶҲ飬Ͱϳ˼ţ
Ǳˡ
ļѧȴ޸֮ܵȥ
ֻùĻȥϼԭһطӡ
ȴû뵽ûϵϼң·ū
Щɫˣ°׸ū
Ȼ󣬲ļҵڲԭϱʮأӡ

ʮ󣬲ܲżĽλˣýڴūﻻ˲ļ
һεĽףҲʷˡļ麺ġô˵
־ԭǿˣЩȥܿѵŮˣֻᱻȻ
еܲٹĴ˼
ܲ˵һ׮̸
ȻļʱԼϾģܻصһĵ顣ʱѾĥȥ˵ǣϰ˳ܡ
֪ôģܲپȻֱ޸Լµһ٣޻С
ɶ˼
ճʼǲ׵ģϵλ٣ΪһƥܲپնɱԷ
̾ˡ
ǡ޲ϵ¡
ļ֮У๫ʿߵͷܲĹһƵòܲٲòջس
صУ֮дסʫǧţûмˡ
ճǰͬˮһĲļͻȻЩڣΪβ˳ְѲܲǰϤնɱ
Ǽһʵ̫ˡ
ˣкԩ
ճԪһתȥȻģʵҲͦСģҪŹߡ
ʱȻǹ߿࣬͵һ£Ϧģԭ޹ʾͱ³̣ǲá
Ůԩ
ļӳĸһٵֵͷΪʦľٶȫͬ
ϵ˵ҼҸöأΪְ߹٣ҲֻǷ͢Сıߣ඼ǽ͡룬漰¡δ̰δ񣬺ڻնףŮΪвףв֮ӣ
һԣڴȫһ
Ƕ׿ϵĻԴϣܾܿͻᱻҹָصĺ
ڳλԱ참֮ʱҲϲ˵ָԼ֮
ʹˣҲὫʹġ
˵ʱĲΪȻңʵǽ֮⡣
Ϊȸǻȥˡ
塢ٵȺ֮˶㣬˵ǣԼ
Χ۰ͻȻ;
ԩ߿ֶ࣬׿ġ
û뵽д󵨵ļһìͷֱָ٣һΪ׿ϵԱĿ
ûпڴǿֵߣ󹻺á
򣬳ӹȥˣͷһ¡
Ǿأ
ճĿ˲һۣתͷЦʵ
ŪףĶˣڴһô
Сʿô룬Ҫġ
˼Ŀ˲һۣȿڵв̶̤ʿ´ǸʿˣͶѳ͢󺺡
ȻϣóƣѶ׿ʮգñӿ۵úܺáճЦδ䣬аݡ
ЩӣӦ֪ˣԼʵ׿û̫
ӣʵһרȨ
Ҳ֪ͷôԸԼ
ڴúܡ
ʻո£˾ͽ̾ϢһȻпӭǣȴδдǿھʷģд˻
һλǶԲЩͬ飬Ĩǵ˵һûȴҲûȥ飬Щ˳Ȼ˼
ˬޱ飬һģУۼģˡҿȻ붭ƣʵϲδ´Ҳδ񶾼ƣ˴࣬ɴᷢ䡣
ˬšϰ˫ǫǫ֮硣
ƽҲͲߣʱȴǲ侮ʯжۣ˸顣
̫ξ֮һƹܱ£ڶ׿Ȩ֮ʱʵˡ
Ǩ鴥ŭ׿㱻նڶϼԱȻʹޣʱԵ̲³ֱС壬Ȼδ£ӰȴҲ󻵣ҿһԿɾ
ðɣǸϡģճ룬ɴ
٩٩̸ܵ˵ǶԲߺܲġ
ʵһˣ˵ȻΧ۰Ȳʡ
ȴɫҰף
ݵ䣬£Ҳκһˡʱ˿̣ԲǱ
ȻҲдΪԼҸпԭܵ˵ڶ׿ոպʮգ֮󡣸һˣûɻ£Ҳϴɾˡ
£ٲǿѿֻ࣬ǹߵף뽫ϸһȫʬȫʿ档
ء
Сҧ촽ǿߵͷܺɱ͵ȥ
ճЦ
˼̫˼ˡˣУת鶯ˡǲŮתþǿ졣
£˽޵СŮӣߵöͷѪ£м˻᲻ģһ棿
ͣҼʱ˵һҪ̲ˣ

˴󾪡
ȴǴϲ̧ͷʵĴճ֪ʲô˼
㵯ɡѼǿǣֵͷڶԶ֮Ҳ׹ö㸸ʶ˲֮ΪҲǲԡ

һƬڴĬĬͷ˵
˼̫ˣֱûۿ
޷Ǿǿ˼ŮɫݼڣȻˡ丸ס
ȻһԶȫˡ
ٵһŴͣ۾ˣȴǲҳͷ
ܰȫ澪㵣ȫʧ䡣
Ȼһɫ֮ͽ
ΪȨƽأ
ֻˬû˷֣΢΢һ˿Ȼ


1850 ޴ڣϣ
ճҪŮգʱƣȻ˴ˡ
ЩʱˣҲûϵ
ľͱ֮˶ЦݣȤ̸Ц
ͲѼգС
У̼ǧѳ丸ٷ˶֮ʱˣձȻΪѻ
ǣǣոѵн壬֪٣ѵð
һ䣬û˶Ųǵ²ġһҲḧɽ룬Ųļƺ˭Ҫڴ̴ҵıݡ
۾ĿǷģ⡣
ܿڰ
ðɣոճŪСĸףһת˸֦ۡԺһ벻ͷ紵һԼͷ
ճûзųԪӦøλ󳼺͵ڰʿﾡݣЩ
˰λһȨ֣Ÿƨġ
Ϊ˻᲻һдȻǰָԼɫأû뵽Ȼʿ
ֻ˵Щ´ңɥ˾ԽԽˡ
ǵһҪ⡣
˾γɣĹͣȻǺν󽫾Ͷ׿ˡ
רȨΪǲý˵Ӳӣ϶ͷ­ˡ
Ҳûкô٣ڳƬϣԼô⵽ϵķ
Ϊξܳ⣬ܺܺõİѺһЩ¹˼롢¿Ƽᵽʱ

ճڴ֮ͥ£ò٣¶ɫëʵ⡣
Щ죬ҲˣŶ׿ôһ֮ͨ󣬳ô󳼶佫ʮֲΣԼܶ׿֮ЩҲܱ̬ȣ͵úܡ
ôŪҾʹ͡úòãܲǷԵĹȡƣⲢҪֻҪ˻ᣬҾܡ
Ӣ۲ƾͲѧȥķõá
ٲã͸Ϲ磬̡
д󳼶뷨
ճȻ޲ߣǣ־Ͳ˰
Ⱥûоʶֵֻмһ֡ѧʵĿ֮ţǿ󣬾Ͷѡ
һĹټűŴͣʧ˽ȡ֮ġѵƾԼǧӾƿټĳ͢
ô
ֳܹתպأ
ȵճռµĵ̸࣬᲻Ҫ˲
Ҫùݵǧӻ̫ˡ
֮ԻճҲϸϸˡ
֣Ĺٻ佫Լ֮ʱ
ⲢǺ¶Ŀ־壬һ޿κΡ
ô˵أ
׻Լǧʮһ㹦򲻵ͰѶ׿ĺ
̫ˣ֮
ֲ˼ս֮£ʲôʡԣԼȵ뷨Ͳڡ
ûԸԼΪС
Ǻ£ҵר޵еĴҲûС
ʱǿ˰ɣһ֮ڡ
ǣ̫Զۺʷֱ̫ҲռкܴƵġ
кܶˣ»Ұλɵ»УеȻûеġ
ճȫͬ
޵е֮⣬ֳľáũҵµȷĲҲΪ
ֻǶ̶һʱ䣬¶ıɽһǣѾ̾Ϊֹ
һʶȫܡ
Ʒ»ܺã£ʿ֮ģˣ϶
ڣʵۻڹšһ̳׼ʲô
öԽȥ룬˶о
췴أ췴أ
ԣճŽ칫ĻᣬҪ£һģΪԼҴһĹ棬õһЩˣҪۡ
ʷһЩȨ֮ͬ
ȻƷ£Ǻ±ȺԼĪе̳
һͨͨƽƽϲŭ֣ܹƣƽˣ̳ϵΰˣܻһЩҲ˽ġ
˻һ̫ˡ
ʱճԲֻ¶һ͸одȫһ
ƺˬʲôҲҪͷо֮磬һӦò⡣
ϰķעΪ˼ЧڸͲΡ
ô㣬Լ߶Ǽǿϼһˡ
쳤վõģܻ׳
ϾԼû췴ͽõĵλܽ췴
ûճֵľһȨһ߷ڵľӡ
νȨԼϲǮȨˣɱģ̫
Ϊ־£û̫ѹͺˡ
뱻ʿĴٿأҲ뱻ܣ͸һһΡ
˵УУҲС
˵Ҳ
򵥡



1851 ޴ڣ£
ճһҲɲļա
ܹʮġǧɫ¡˵費Уء
ˣͿ˳ˮ۵ķһְָרдʫ裬ߡ
ΨǾ١
ӶˣɣֻҪһ֮ܵõá
мţţ˶뵱ٵŵӦû᲻١
ˣֽ˲⡣

˰׼ͣʱѩŮЦһ˴ʣŹ㳡һȥ
ЩҲææµµġ
ճʲôϾڳȻǼߡ
ʱ·ϣܿ۾ʿǰգȫıÿ
˸̨֮ϣͼѾ˱һԣмĶ׿մƺɥꡣ
ɥ꣬ʱֻǿ
ճҲ̨ϣ׼ʱնʵΪ˸°һ󺺳һ
ڶ׿ԣмʿȫɫҰܡ
ҲáĶѾ̫ãʱûһ˵
ѩŮǵãи΢ֵ꣬ƺвŻڲűмڼѿܵ˵öģԼүԷ˲
׿ұߵλݿΰȲʮ壬ҲǱҪɱ
˵ٵֹҩҩġ
һƬʿ֮УһҲرۡ
Ϊ࿡㣬Ϊ̫ˡ
˪ơ
²ǵ˻֮䡣
ѩŮǰȥɣѼĲѧˣ˿ϧ罫á
Ѽôˣ
ŮģЩš
ԼˣҲ˶꣬ŮСǧ²źá
õúܣүҪո߳ˡá
ѩŮƫͷȥķ˸ۣ˵
ŪãˣûŮһ㡣
ԼΪӣһԿţ˽Щѿ
磬ζƿ˵ʲôζ
ֻƬ֮УȻˡ
һԼŮ뷽跨ȳԼϧͷ¶棬Ȩ
ŮݾһʹҲõҹϣȻǺϲġ
ⲻͱˣ٣뷨
ڴˣڴˣҲߣȻһҪŮȡ
Թ԰֮£ӵһ·֮û̫ϲá
£еǰ˲ߵ
ɫãȻĵĸѩŮŹȥ
ѩŮͷһۣ΢΢̣ͣ½ŲҪ룬Ҽүֲʲôˮޡ֮㣬ȻǿĲѧպ֮ǧ֮ٷˣֻΪҳһʵɡ
⻰ʲô˼ѵǿҼŮɫĿҵĲŻҪҼ٣
뵽Щ϶ЩѪɫ
ԭ²ͷ֮󣬵һ뷨ǵ١
ʮˣƽһֱܵϵζǸ˶̬ʧ⡣
ⲻûѧʣǲǴûϵιƽ£Ҹָĸߵͣʵ١
ֻһǿ󣬵һ֣ôҲӲȥġ
˹Ĵ
أԹʹͷĶ׿뵽ǰЩӶԷӰɽ磬ʱֻЩ
߰һЩ飬ĳɵĴͻȻͣ˽Ų
Хɭɭź
ɽɫǰǧһ˶̨ɪ衭
²ºʿͷ­ѪƼ׳־ơ
缱꣬磬˶Ϣ񣬲ϸëëϸ
׹ƺ뵽Լҵı£Ȼ¡
ɱɱɱжЦУսһٴԸҰ࡭
߲ǿھʷַǵǷ켫ʱһ֪ǹֹϢֳƹɢ
ȻǼõģʾԼ³࣬Ҳܳ
֮Ѿʤʵϲ̼ҵĽ
ǣʱĲȴûһ㿪ģûŵð
˿ŵģʱâɣ緺ŽһŮʮָ罣Ʈȴġ
̵ϸġ
ҵɵŮιҪ٣㲻ܵʢºŪһ𣿵ɢһ£˹ͷ­͵ŪԼҲ͵С
ܲ˵ܶˡ
⾳ߵһزȻﵽ⡢ǰľ硣
һδգһƬĳ칬ǵĽ졣
վ䣬ȫͷѪɱڡ
ǰͷѩŮ䳤Ҳ죬вƽ£ǧնͷ
һɱ֮гҪ߸裬ӽնơ
ʱ˿ֵ̣ܶˣȫһ¡
Ǿʮ֮ڡ˾й
ҲԳĲƽ߿ٵͱ˾Ķǡ
ʵ˵ľǲ´Ĺ£ڡŭν̺
ת
ѼѼҪ߿Ҫ޳ˣѾŵЩԼԸĴ󳼣ʱȫЦЦ
ܿмޱ飬Ŀ
ƺһɽҪ
ѩŮĵһۣ죬ͻȻЩͷˡ
Ҳѹֲ˵ǡ
ֺݾһҲʺˣ˵ľһ̺Ĺ£Ϊľ¡
еľң쾡¡
ǲˣĸӦ⡣
ǲڷԳרȨ˵־ҪΪ𣿡
ƫƫ߲㱻Դ龰ɢĹҲͦеġ
ѵСʵ⣬ԼƲѣԶܶ־
ӷ飬ͷһλԼŮǲȷˡ
֪ѧĵ£֯廨
һˣѻȸ
žžž
ճЦ޵ã־龰ڻΪʵҲ
ܳˮȲճ޹˼ɡ
ڵſճķӦҲû˼Բ̾޲̾
ԺĵĶ˼ڴ
Ʒºûšϧš
ңûǰխܹ̱˵ðˣͬΪ٣̫Σա
̫ˣá
Լ£ȴȫЦտղ֪ζ
ЩŲ߽ǰأŮзʵұģ
԰֮䣬ǰûкɱһ
ճҲȥɨˣЩĳǰ㣬ָ˻Ҳгɾ͸УûϹԼⳡϷ
Щϲģʵǲ
Լߵ·ӲͬԷĹźȻζ档
Ȼ˵ԪӦ˵ַɻЩ覴ã⾳֮Զǰ·֮ǲ
һɢ֣ԼԪΪȻԼԼ˵ϴ졣
Ȼ޴ڡ



1852 þ۽ϣ
յŴ٣ʵڴжѼ񳤰ٷϴˣ͢ʮּѣʿģ֪Ը̫һְ

ڴһҲ̲ס𾪣мʧ̬
˵ɫˡ丸֮ְҲǲС
۽ʱʱֻҪȺУⲻϵǰڵϣҲֻᴫΪһʱѻ
λȨߵһزԱҲû˻˵ԷרȨΪ
͸󺺻һ㣬Ȼ˶ʮּɻרȨһʵȫ
ʺӵ׾죬Ҫٷƣǿ϶Ǻ׵һ顣
ңΪܵĬϵġ
κһͨˣֻҪܻŸ׽֮ıһǰ̣رչİˡ
¿⡣
ǰֲûһƲ𣿾һѼȻŮΪ٣һС١
̫ˡ
кһŮӵλȻͣԲڳ֮ϡ
ճҲû˵λŮڴ󺺳˹ٵģ
ֻ˵ŮԷΪ󣬿ԷƽｻҲˡ
ǣ˾ĵףǾ޽С
ֳ̫̫̫Ƽ֣ƹ֮룬֮¡
ݲʹ˵ҪҪŵİ˵Ƕ֪ûйϵ
һ͢ϲ˵ϢϢˡ
õֵĳϣ˽˾ۻᣬй֮䡢ڼ롭ְһŮĺʣ
ŴС죬ԭأһʱûлع
һɢѾǳӣ֮󣬲ŸоЩסƺԼ֮зλ
ǺͿˣôٴǣ׾Ͳˡ
Ҳ֪ô£ƺǰλħ˵Ҫ٣ԼȻûа˼óõ״̬Լ
׳ң˾ȸɱĵǱŲɹͳʵ뷨
ǰԣͰþٵ֮ʱİԼµ˳ںܴѡ
һֱҲﵽһΡ
Ȼ󣬾Լٵ顣
ȻûоۣҲû
ǣĿǰľ֮£Ȼ˵űʡ
ûٰ̫ʲôݣȻ׵ġ
лһԽѵ
ʱǧܴŭλǰ͵ͷľԼұŮӷͻȻܾ˶Է
ҪǣŮܵ٣ܳ׵ɫ˵ĻѧŴ
ֲŻҲǲŻǡ
Ůʫ龭䣬黭ȫǰк
ŮܵõʩչŻĻᣬǶԼİ
лأ
ϲɫϸһճɫϣҲûƽʿǰĵ
ֻһϿңĿ
΢΢Щɬ
Ȼʮ꣬ŮҲѾ׺ܶ飬֪յʵܲѰ
һ㣬ЩоɫͿԲµó
ճ΢΢һЦö񡣡
û̫뷨ֻ뵽˾ѡ
û£٣ʵҲͦġ
Ů˵ٺϲʣȫ⡣
Ͼڴ˷󺺳ĳЩĬϵĹ
ѩŮԣ˰ִŮӶΡ
ƺüȨƴúܡ
Ա֮УȫǼùġ
ܹ֮ھڳסŮǴţʵǽұ˵˾Ů
еȨȫճ
ⲻ
Ůһͬʵġ
ѩŮŲŻѵһֱŮͷȥ
Ժ۹ûְλҲûõóֵĳɼҲﲻǡ
еΪΪɣŮΪΪ檣ʲô鶼Ļ֣ôУ
ճое㲻ƽ
ˣбҪһͷ
Ǿ͸ĸɣƷס
ԼһɣҲû̫Թ˼ɵġ
ôӲ￪ʼһܺõĽڡ
Ըˣ˵ǺųֻҪвţһŮˣҲ㵱ס
ǧǡ
Ҫ
ճˣԥҲڳԼаʿ˻ô롣
ڳƬϣøĸĵطˣһŰֽ

׿֮νҴѾ޽͡
Ͳòᵽ׿Ķˡ
ڴ󺺳տ񼫡
ճʵҲûкô
ΪʲôѸ٣
˵һǧһ򡭡Ҵ壬ǿؼ沢һҪԭ
ǰʱƽֵúҵģȻ̫ƽڱ󵷹ϻΪϰջȥˡ
׹¶Ұǧ޼
ⲻΪսҺ֡
Ҫάֳ͢ϣάֻҺ͹Ա棬Ҫػ߽ԸūʱǼնвҪǮʳ
ЩԴӺζȻǴӰȡ
ؼ沢أ󲿷ʺϸֵĵƤ˺ǿȥˣİҲӵ˺ǿΪūⲿ˺͵ղ˰ġ
ȻЩԼֵؽ˰İգһҪʮ߰˻˰ôȥ
ⲻ󺺳϶Ȼ˭ûá



1853 þ۽£
⣬ʮԽճˣҲԱʳеðչðָ㡣
ҪΨǾ٣һ˲ţһ档
ҪģҪҴ˼˿ں
£Լ֡
Ե޹ʵȥ˼Ҳأ²Ҫ췴
˵׿Ͱһæˡ
٣ЩҴ壬ȫ⡣
ǻ۵ʲƣȫճЩʳǮƣó겻ӡ
Ȼ⻹Сͷ
ճЦǣЩҴ屻ë֮
ͳһƬأȫڳ˰
Լ·ء
Ҫ˶ãƬһʢ
طǻεģҰĵططá
󣬾͵дԣճľò١
ɨλһۣû˵ԣȻ֪ЩƺȻܱ״̬֮С
һѩŮȰ˰ŮӣҲͿ˾ģ;
ԼֿԣһЩ
еľճҲЩο
ôҲǸıλʷϴĲŮˡ
ԼǰԵһϷΪ飬Ҳȫ塣
ת׿ߣͷΪ׿ɱΣĽȫ֪֮壬һͬȪ
˵߾ɫ䡣
ճҲӣֱ˵ǧһƬТ֮ģɸ£ĳﺶȻҲòһᡣ
ѧڣ־鷨֣ǺġԹֱ²֪ͨѧһѧ̫ʷ̫ʷƽ飬ʷ£ܹҵ伮
߿ϲɫһܵýأ߸ҲЧ
ðɣͷʿΪ֪һˡ
Ӷͷ̨ҪμҪְ񣬶ǺϺԼ⡣һһ֮䣬ɲݺᡣ
ڴҲãȻ
Ŀճû˭
ְλ˵ˣڶ׿µõãʲô鶼Բһ֣ְȨ˲֪ٸ̨ס
̫ʷȻǽְˡ
ЩְֻƷȨȥҪʲô顣
顢ǰѶԷ׽ˡְߵͣǰεȨСȥ
ҪĻʷ
ǧ﹦˭˵ʷһ֧ʡ
ͷһ벻Ƕλ󳼻ģʸ΢΢ƫôһ㣬ԷҪųꡣ
ѩŮһԿλ󳼵ɫһЦ
үͬпգҲ֪Щʲô
òͷʷ٣˾ˡΪ³ֱһʷʵǺʲ֪ͼһеӡүһλᣬּã´֪ľͻΪүһû˵

߿ֻһ㣬̼ҸŮ˷٣Ҳˡ
ģΨǾٵڿഫʹ˴¡
ЩֻǲճΪ֮
С
ճ˵ͷԶ
ʱѵɱ졭
һ¡¡
Ԫ
ճվޱ飬ǰС
һ󳼡
Χ۵ʿӺͰգͬˮһӿ̨ɽ˺һߡ
״档
ϣͼСʵЭŴִۣ졣
ճһԺţڴ󳼼ģʽͬ죬ȡ
ţСʵ׼õＺگ־ǻʵʧ£ʵԼĹԲȣԲ󺺰յȵȡ
һͨȰο
ճ˸̨ԳԱգ׿״
ԪȻѹƣת֮£Ҳﵽ۷塣ʱжڳյĶУ顣
뵽ЩӵĿ׿״ճ֮У˷ɽХһߺ
ɱɱ
˶ȣʹޣ˷ܣȻʧʹ顣
ն
ȵڣ̨߰ʮնƺ֪ͷȫ޺
Щ˲߹پ޸ľв㽫죬Сｫйත׿ʿڼˡ
һ£˶ͷأѪ졣
һʱţ졣

һº󣬳ơ
ճةฮҲˡ
׵Эȥ˳ֹ졣
һ׿ӸĽľ˴󺺾󣬰ȸǲͬ
ճ࣬ڳة࣬ͬʱ̫һ̵ְСʵۡ
ȻϺ;ʵȨȫˡްݲ볯ϵȨ
үԬܶȡݣѾԬܿս
ѩŮҴҵ˽ϲɫ
ãҲӦ÷Ҳšͷ񣬾ƽһս֪Ҫˣⶼ˰
ճЦã۽



1854 սϣ
նɱ׿£ģڳĽٳãƿһ֮ճ֣ԼõֵѾﵽʮ֮ࡣ
һֱûбչӴ֮Ϊʱ̫æˣ鲻
ңҲڵȴһĽڡ
ˣǲܲٴأҲ﷢չһأճô
ֻ쵶ն顣
£ԺռȻȡôƣȻһҲˡ
󺺳֮Ըģ˳˽ģ֮⣬ºԳ͢ȻĲҲһҪ⡣
ûֱôЩô²ƿ̫Уƿڱ佫УôһЩĴҵ־ʿҪЩʲôΪġ
ֱ׿֮󣬸ݸʧȥ˶Գ͢Ĺ˼ɣΪѵĴۻûСûܹܵõǡ
ֻռݺСһ̵򣬼ˣҲһۼζ˸˵ˡ
ȵ𣬸Թж˺ճ֪֮ꡣ
ĩ֮ʱƽ塢սҵĿ˵һµӢʷʫеһ˲Ըἰ
ճԵĹһ£Ĵ󺺳Ȼ˻ƽ֮ңȴȻǧ˿ڣȻһ㣬ͨ˿·ںηٴ󲿷˻ǻŵģȻܿҪˡ
ս֮󣬾ʷϵļǣԭʮҾſգݴش˿ֻٶ
ңҴ㣬ǳشһ࣬ճ־áңЩνɱļһ
Ⲣһһ˵һһǵ
ǡɱţĳ佫Ǽҳ㷹
ټȻֺ֣ҴѪĳ˰ݲһ㣬һգƬƬ
ճΪʱĲпᣬԭ˿ڱ٣Ϊһ˻
̴Դ״˿ڡ
ԭضռƣ޷ǾΪ˶࣬󺺳ʱڻ
ȵԭֻʣ˵ʱôֹܴ̣սж˿ȥƴ
ʧܾͳΪ
Ʒչȥճ취Լڵķչպȡʤ´ˣʧ˰
ԣճԸȴ
磬ٵӣʮϸݣδʷƿضԳ͢壬ɱͬһ¡
ס
õģճҲһֱڵȴʱ
ǰӣسҲѲҲЩ
ս׿ʮֻܱ֮ǻһСսûģҪսɲ֣ԶԶˡ
ˣ˽賤֮⣬ճİ֮Уļʮ¾׳
Ҫʱ䣬Ȳˣֻð±һսֱս
ճڵӷڵͲв㽫λ֮ϣʵǿǴһȺҲǺսġ
ݴʷһְΪԩģճξĶǧʯ죬ʦʱԶ֡
ֻһԱδ룬һ棬ǵͷս̫á
ʱԬܿʼͼıݣĻʱҲͳ졣
سȻֻƿݣأ֮ȥӶڣһɣ£գƽˣƺǿͳΣ͵
Ϥߣռݸʿ䣬ǿͼı塣
꣬ٵӣȥʶڣؽǳءǨʮոʱͰ䲼ʥָּ볤ңӦ
ǡ
ǰ׷ԲԵĹ꣬ʱ׷תڣϢǿᣬѾﵽ׺ڡ
λ֮ԵõãʵΪ˴ʮ̣ñϵ
ճΪͲţҲ˾á
̫ԶֻҪռ˾ݣƬ֮ؾָտ¡
Юûʲô̫ʵãճںֻҪһ
羣á
Щ˵ȻС͢һֽġ
ûϵճ巢ǨιְȥݡְϴӦΥȻ˱ַ
ˡ
ճһԱڵţڵ£񣬲ݲͿԱʮ֧ǿôֵ
Ԫ㽻˴˾ũְʱˬܡ
ճٵӣʮһ·£ұֱݡţΪݳ֮󣬷ȴ򾫱ݣлϲԭݵԳ

ԪԬһսҪȴûʲôѹ



1855 ս£
Ҳлϲ
һΪûǨĻᣬ˼ԼΪݴʷȻսȴҲһԱˡ
ڶ׿ɼɣʼղãȴԶˡ
ʹΪҴر
ãȥպǰ̿ڡ
ִ󽫲ʵ̫ϧˣǣԭأȴҲһ
Щû칬ϵͳԼ˼·ò̫͸Щ˵
ȻͽǾͷĳȥ̡ȻԺһòܴݽ֮⣬Ȼ⡣
衡ɽǸٵӣһ˽ڣӵء
ճһһɣڳڣֻ˰˰Ůӡ
ֱ£ѩŮƹܣ鱨ռݱתΰִȣҪЩ˶֡
ңһ֧
һ澯ɳٳԮ
סˣҪȹΪԺء
ҺǿѾһɨգǿѾ࣬ʩӪͱúܼ򵥣Ϊضˣʲôð죬
ݸǿڣս֮ȵճƿ֮󣬷̫ð졣
ˣֻܾһЩڣ·أ
Щڽȴס
ǶϹһΣֶ¸Ļ֪ؼ沢Σ
ճ˼ʵǵ㡣
ȷּ͢⣬ٳ£ǲ
ȵ󲿷ֺǿ󻧶ڸеֿʱͿ§ݴӣЩһ򾡡
羣ݷ棬Ȼ̼ҡƼҡҵȴΪԼǰ̣϶һġ
սǰ޴ѹøҶսȻˣЩ峭ңԱ乫
ضôܿ죬ܻ㹻ĲƲʳսսռԭء
̵ʱ֮ڣ»ָ

ΣʥּѩƬһ㱼ء
ճڵӳȴĽݱݡ
ᷲｫسնɱ𶯡
Ѯ֮䣬ɨȫȫˣ˶û˵
ңݱɨݡҲ¶سı֮¡
漱
ʦ£Ԭֻ̽ʹܶ飬ʱ̻̲ա
ݹ趺ԬܻδֳʤԪѾռϵֱƽ
ãˣ¡
ÿ˽;õϢȫɵۡ
ǾϷһ㣬ųķʥּ·ǿѹʱ䣬ѾɨƽСԭ
ٶȴȥܿò˰ʱ䣬Ϳȫȡԭݡ
ةһ֮ΪУȻռϷ磬ǲ˼顣
̫ξʧο
̫ξȻûʵȨϾֻв޾ȨΪճ
ʱҲŸϻˣЩ᲻ãûȨҲȻ
ž޴λõ˿ɲһ
΢ۣճ뿪ıӰٿһǵСʵֻۣ̾ҲãΣ¼̫ƽǺ¡
ʱ˿̣ٿճĸ߰ʿӣҲòϣȷ̫ǿˡ
ȫûκԵֵ
Ҫ˶ãԬҲܻᱻ
ݷΪ֣֮أȥʮټԪ;սƽʱѾﵽʮ
һݣʵǿԬٴҲֵܵסϮָտɴ
Ԭʱͷڹһȫܸڴ

ݱƵ
ճչϸϸ˿̰ͬīɨһۣЦŷŵһߡ
֮Ѿһ˿ⶼǸݸżϢ
֪ǰĹƣͻһƽڡ
ôط˷ˣ񣬷ָأ±͵طҪһʱľӪ
ٴοεʱ򣬾´Ѷʱ
豭һ²裬ڵѩŮɣҲһة񫡣
үƿµȨˣ֮ã㾹Ȼݽ棿
ϲĻԺЩ£ȫճֵĿѩŮ˷ɫЦ˵
˼Ȩų֮˵ֻʺΪеĵ
һ˾ĹҲδ̫ˡ
ѩŮԼʦһۣ͵ֱ˵ɣΪʦҲǵӦݡֻѼʱҪǱоûϾΪ㵯١
ȥˣΪʦֻҪչһʱ䡣£¡ʱ࿴ŵ㣬ʱ׼֧Ԯս֡
ȫңǡ
ûпǡʲôĵطͶʳôǮЩԱܵ°ɣɡ
˵úʹ˵Ƶġ
ѩŮֱֻӦ¡

ճصңĿģԪɢ֮С
鶴֮ʮ޷ˣĲƷۡ
׳纣ˣһĽòУֱգҲΪȫ׷ǻ˷ԴȴǱѹɽտా
𷽴ɽ֮ʱӵ־Լ͵͵ճҲŪԼǺ뷨
ϧҰɡ
ЦЦҪЦС
ǰ֮ԼΪ䡣
񻹲Ǹߵʱ
Ԫسˣ¶óֻᡣ
ٴΣգԮҲй¶ʵݡ
һ㣬üá
ϾתͶ̥ˣǿ̣˼Ҳ죬ҪԼʱ㡣
֮ȼգ丳ɺ
ճĬĬ˵̣･
˽ɾ磬ʱæת
ֻһˡԪƷɾ
ô˵أ˼ԾսҲˡ
ֻҪעģԪ񾳽
ȵ޿ͻƴ󾳽֮ʱʱʱ
ԪȫͻƵ۷壬ǻԵͨ޵ʱ
Ҳ֪һͳµ˵ˣ֧ܲҵԪȫͻƵ۷塣Ӧòܣƽ˿ڷϼ¹ģ˸ǲһõġ
뵽Ҫʱ䣬ܴﵽԼеĿģճЩź
Ϲ̫ԶԪƷѽࡣ
Ϊ޾Ѿǧѡ
ڸһ붼Ҫˡ
ңϣţƱزĿԼȫȡ˵ˣܻܿҪһ
ǲ֪ЩлԺַʽУ
Գֵڣݣ˽
ǣҲ̫Сˡ
Ȼھݽ֮Уóֶޣǣܹƿɽ磬죬϶ź֡


1856 ֱϣ
ճ˼˺һᣬҲûر걸ĴʩֻȷЩƾƿûõģһһ
ˮھˡ
Լ˽еʷ΢΢һЩ𣬲ļʶָж
٣Կ϶ʷϵĶ׿ʲôữ
Ӷֵƣأ
˵֮Уͳ˴ڵġ
ϻȡڼȣһЩɣ̫ƽ嶷׵
ǵҴС
ѵЩȫǳԸɷģǾûһ˵˵⡣
ͿʼˣҲһЩˡֻˮ֮µһЩжû֪ѡ
⻹ֻǵţзأ
磬Ϊԭšͥ͡Դ£ϴ٤ȻûȴǺׯμ֮ԴĴ¸ɮפġ
ˣЩɮأܽӣȫûϢǳգû˵̸۹ЩŵӡĪǣǵĵôɵı׿һٻ٣
˳𣿡
ճ£һ㶡
ЩԼһֱææµµġ
ǹôӦԺʿ壬ɹŸ֣᲻ڰͼıʲô᲻иַɱԼ
ǣΨһûľǷš
ƺϣҸȫһ
ʷļأĴ˵ûакгġ
ʵϣٵϱʱڣһʱ䣬ȴǷŴˡ
´޽Ϊ٣бΪʦ
һΣû˵ʵΪԼûнǸȦӣ֪ѡ
׿Ϊ˱֮⣬ǲǻб̣
뵽ճ˾ҵһƳϸ΢Զ
һᣬ⴫һүҪ£
Щ
ճչؾҵͨɫǶ칬Ƴļ򵥷ݽѹֻ֮ڷԲʮﷶΧá
ͬĶԪسҲеġ
ֳɼƷһǲᶯõġ
һã϶Ҫ顣
ɣѩŮ
ѩŮŽ̧ȥͼԼʦ֮ϣɫƽйâƽͳ嵭
;һ
æŶ°ɣùϸ񡭡ǵĵ̣ǳΪɲ֮
ǣ׵ģгķ٣ҪһɡҪһЩ֪ˣɾӣܲС
ţ㡣ճҡҡͷоѩŮеĳλ硣
ֻҪܹܵ飬ǾϸţȫȻ֪Ȩġ
Ҳ֪Уǲı˰£³ʲôأ
鱨ΰִ飬õӦ֣㵽
Ϊ̫ϸ̫࣬Ԫݽߣ̫
ոЩģתһ룬ѩŮһ
ԪΪѾﵽɾ磬ɢǣۻȴǲôµġ
ȥɡ
ճɢȥةฮ԰΢΢ٸӦһ£Ц˵һкҪ齻㰲żܸɵĵӣϸ»ڲڣû٣Уһɮµ䡣
£ɮ£ү˵ǹͷ𣿡
ѩŮɻóЩӣҲûˡ
ճЦҲ˰ɣġ֮ŵķ𾭣ɻռһϯ֮صġǵӰʵһ㶼ҺͳôԱӦϵ
ľһЩ˿켣ϸķż֮еһЩ伮ֵʱɮ£Ӧòǹͷԭսһ巢֮ڸĸ١Ǽ˷ţҲǿġ
صùѩŮɫҲЩࡣ
ôһӰ޴ĽɣڰڳڵĴ˵ȷһ
ɲʲôûʶģڳ칬ʱҲճһۿַͥɽս
º󣬸֪λͨʥ³
ôһȻ淭ѹֻҪ亹
ǵĴУڴ󺺳ֻ꣬ҪһֽţԼЩˣͻ
ãȥ飬ǲصΣҲҪһ©ҳ
ѩŮҧĿ⾼ȴˡ
ǵòҪݾߣĵĴ̽ˡ
ճٴζһ䣬ѩŮ⣬ͷȼԪ֮ȥˡ
Ҫؾ¡
ϾǷ
ңҲһͻᶯ֣»ֻǲ²⡣
˾ߣǿҪǵƤӵ»ȡȡ˵ˣֻһ·ߣǾǲԼ
ȵܹκֶΣͲ͵͵ˡ



1857 ֱ£
ճ鵭ȻΪʵʵԪˡССӤۿԲٶȣüѸٳ
֮½Ҫ̫ƽǰҹֶץʱΪʾ
ԼƣʵǰصǿʵԶֵӡ
ôŵƣʱһȥʵܻᱩ¶ڴǵС
һֱѱ˵ɵӣԼ²Ǹɵӡ
ԣùһһ
Щ飬һʱ
ֻ֮ǰɳԷᶯĵز
ſԽԣ磬ٲõʲôʡ

ս֣Ʊ仯졣
ԬЦ󣬿ҲûЦá
վ껨ͤУʮֽꡣ
±һߣѳȴû˿ϲ⡣
ÿһж֮ǰѾʤǧ֮ȫͬһΣȻɳĽĳ󣬻ʮȴûаնɹⳡꡣ
˵սмʤ㣿
ıֻǵͷ˭Ҳû˵
͢Դ𣬸ɴѹڣʵΣ֮Ʋߺóȴѱ֤ɹʡ
һСģͻ߽⡣
˭Һҳԣ
οǷ֣ԬʵһýԵˡ
Ԭ̾һüͷ壬ȫʧ£һ¸ݸƼ˴ʱ˿̣ȴе֮ˡ
ͷıʿеƳϣܷɹܾԹ𣬻ŵֱԡ
ҿǰһһ飿
ԪкνңԬдϲ㺫֮ƿ˼ݣ˵Ĵϻ͵£Яᡣ
ʵϣ˻ǺֵõģദΪǢļƲ֮£Ԭ¾Ͱѹ趴䣬ԶԶ롣
֪λıǴ˵ǰֱңͬԼ롣
Ȼڳı䡢͡ͼˣû̫Ҿ룬Ŵ֮
ͶԼпܻȡµȻԼһЩС˼ġ
ǰʱ䣬ԼԸʵˣǳ⡣
ϵ趣Լһ𹥷𥣬Ϸּݣչ
ڹ足֮Ԭܰẫߵĳ佫
Щÿںߴ磬˵Ԭξ֮磬֮ѡ
ˣݴʷµԬܵɾȱ뵽˼ݡ
ȻͲ˵ˡԬܷΪͻȻ֣Ѻ£һ֮䣬ݻˡ
û취ֻӵѣԬǿѹ֮£
˵ֶ׿֮ʱԬΪĬĬں󷽹ӦݣԬǺֵ֧ġΪĵʵ̫ˣǻ
Ԭֿɹƭ̵ΪʵǲʣµıǸˡ
µĴҲǿûоʲôԵĵط
¹Ԭܾף˥ңȫŸ㣬ûʲô˻Գ͢ġ
û뵽ʱͼһˣصı֮ʿᡣ
н룬ʵ֪Ĵأ
ԬдȴȻĴ󺺣ָһܼɽ೤
ЦЦҲ˵ŲţֵȻˣǾͺðˡ׿ʩȻ񳤰Ȩԣ˳ǣѳһþ̶£˼һƬ̫ƽ󡣡
ΣԬѾ䲻ˣޱʵƣҵȾ֪ȷԪƶԸ
ûУҡͷ͢ΪӪ·£񣬾ǿźɨ֮ƣʵ赲࿹Ȼ֮ء
Ԭɫڣˡ
δֵʱľƾǳͷĴã볯͢ԣΪạ̇̄Ȼسְ͢Դʱ䡣
ʵûа취İ취ҲǸð취
һԣıʿȫĬţϸϸ˼ԡ
֮Ǿķ֣Ȼʵʻֻˡ
ֻҪԬܽʥּҲһʵȨǧʯ١
ңӵڣã֮λҲǲС
Ϊƽ£ֻҪةӲˮϻѡ񰲸
ǣּıԬַŵȥأ
˼ҿǱȥġ
ȻԬҡͷҲø˵ˣתͷʵԶߣ
Ҳȥָ쿪ļı⡣
ܲԼ˵뵱ʵ۵˼ɡ
ʱ󺺻ʵЭδδЩˣ˵ɵ
ᣬѾܲˡ
С۾µµת͵αȷ˵̰ƺɫһç塢߻ֻᷴҪ֮˲ƻٻһƬ̸Ӧһİ󵹸ꡣ
Խ˵Խš
ֻҪͱһʲôԪǱǿ׳Ҳסϻܵѿ
Ԭһϲ룬ƺȨʧ
˼һᣬҡͷûˣڻι£ս龰ĿǴöķڷ붡ԭ׿֮һʩ֮Զ֮Ҫ߷ռūѣ
ıô
ڶ׿µɹʼ߳ɣֻҪԼôۡ
ǣǰȣһ˰
˰ͻֻǼè
ҪԸһҲѣֻûҵ֢ڶѡ
Զ˹Цһ˵̨ͤݵؼ䣬һ۸߹ڵӡ
üбУкǵ㣬ֱҪ͸ġ
ߺˡһƬɧң𡣹ңʣһƬϡ
ԭӽͤƷ衣Ԭһϲ
ϵöԷ˭˵ʿҲԣ˵׼ȷ
һλ߻װŪ߶߶ģƷһɵá
ԬϢͨȴ֪һȻòˣȴ汾µġ
֮ԡ˰²ʦмΪø˴ڡ
ԬʼƵ֪кμ̣»ʵѶԸβܲ߷
֪÷ڳĳλ󳼸еŮŮѾ׸ҹ档ף飬һҲѡ
¿棿ԬзŹ⣬ʵ
⻹м٣ۿЦһգЦУԪԼʮ۱ҲרŶԸͿܲ붯ˣ
ηˣںδ
ʦξɽϦϼ𡭡ģǰȥԮֻҪָ֣տơ
ۿ֪˶֪˵ͨţ򲻿ܻ㱾¡ʦ˸Ԭﻹ֪
æͷһס۵֣ޱȣЦʦټܲȥݼӽ
Ȼ
һЦ
˶˵Ź񣬲ŷֻǺŪײںһЩç佫ģʿӵܺ͸߹Թŵġ
ңҲԳ֮ΪʮۣԬܵȻҲ⡣
Ȼţˣǻǻ֮ӱ⣬ϵ֮
ǿֱλ߱ˡ



1858 ¹ϣ
ةฮͤ
ӳ䣬¸ա
Ϊ½ãľ콨ɢ㣬ҹ£泩
ǺӲãͷͼӰҡ졣
һźѽŲ̊Уǹڰˣвӿﻹݡ
ճ֪ǼٵģôһŮĹվ
ǰ
ʷϳóƣɱ׿ľ޴֮⣬˳Ƶʵò
㡢㡢¡߻
Ĵ֮Уռˡ¡֡
òҪ
⻰Щţˣȴ֣䲻ǰλɫˡ
ճ磬ϵŮҲ٣ۼվ徻ЩŮȻҪ˦ͲļŮԶ
һƮƮʳͲǷŮܱġ
ǣЩͬǣЩŮȥӣȴʧ
֮ǣʵֻǿֵ
òʵһһЦ֮ķ飬ǣġ
һ񣬾ܵ˼
ԣ˵ճʵ˵һ˵ĵƷжߣָ۾Ĵ˵һ۾ܿ˼á
һ㣬վһԵѩŮҲû塣
ΪŮˣݲ̬ˣо΢΢ȡ
ðɣֻҪλŮӣ󵽴齡
΢΢һЩһһתЦôУѼðһˡ
̨һ࣬Ǳ֣΢΢ͷųھ뿪
Ůʲôⶼò¡
λ˰ͽᣬһ㲢ûʲôŮȻλ֮ͣϣʵûʲôȨ
޵ǣŮôǰ㲻֪߳ܣȻ˿ģˡĶǡ
ǵģս弫ޣϡáλչ¶ƫƫ紺ˮһ
һ㱡Ѵ˿մȾʪۣû
ޡ
Ѱ볷ֲҡ
Ϊ̫ֵ֣Щֶһةԡ٣˵˵ʫ
ݹǰûУճ֪
ճ˵УǾͱС
ʵĿλɶоĶҡ΢΢ᣬҲֲö׿˻ִƹͷ
˵治ôҲ֪εƣ˭ɱҡ
ճϴӯӯǳЦƺûзֶԷơ
ʺʲôǵõϢ̫ˣȫ֪ԼҪԵʲôεĵˡ
ˣµļƲҲעֻʧܡ
ֻϣԶڼݵҪʧźá
¶ȵ飬ճĿⶨԵߵȴûɵλռū
Լƿ˳͢ЮǴһƬĵ̡
Ԭܵôıƣٷ
ǣҲⰡ
ԭĹ֮У¥ն֮ʱʹܲ٣ΨһǣʶԴºǲΪβȫˣ
ܲٻشþͺȤ䱳ޣΪ񣿡
Ҳ֪ûУ󱻿ԴճĲ²֮УӦ׵ġ
һ²ϱ޵϶ʱʱ˴ñǺ˲õ顣
ԣŮɫܲеһƴ
ܲٻ֪¸Щģֻ̲סҪմȾ˵ӡ
ţλϵ¹Ҫ˵ϱ֮ʱȰ˼ҵϹɱ˵
أȫûԾˡ
ãŪ˲µϱȻǰֵǼḺˡ
еûģճֻЦ
ԣʱһĻɫϲ硣
Ѫɱ¾֮У͸ԵĬ
ѩŮ飬ճĶͷγѵãѼǲۣٵһʱ٣Ϊ¡
ѩŮŴС죬Լʦ޳˸̵ʶ͵͵ķ˸ۣȥһʥ¼š
ߵĲѼûأǱ˼ࣿ
ԼҪξ棬һûûƤʦʲôôûС
̾鵭ģӦһ°١
ҲȥͬĺŮӣ£ĨĻָʶȪ˽
¹ʳҰ֮ƻмαɪϡ
Ȼʫ¹˵ǸαǸƷ¡ճȻѩŮɱɾǿˡ
̨ϵһɨգһˮͷ
ЦĿһλԼСĵŮɫûб仯ȴЦ
λ̼ҲŮԸ߽࣬ȴû뵽ҲԴף̫߳ˡ



1859 ¹£
¿Ѳ
Ծ䣬һ࣬ɽ䱼ܵС¹ɻ죬˫ʪƽ͡
ϣ԰ջȴÿᣬĵ׵
һһ٣á
ճйâںӳ𲻶ԪĵһЩ
ǹƽǵ£ò˵ЩۻͦôġʵҲУֻһ޲ȡýģͨҲǵ
ֹ
ͣŮĸոճ֮䣬߳Ƕҡ
ճüм΢΢ĽëЦ޵ƽѵһո߳ˣ֪Ŀ
һѵʲôˣ־òܣԼɶҲûɡ
ͣ´Ϣة࣬Ķδȡ
Ƿͤ˾ˣֵüͽСзǡ
ճµȡ
৵һΣһةϲ
һɫ䣬˵£ˡ
ԼһȻڳ仰ͳ·ȥˡֱûۿٴȥˡ
зǵľ˼Ȼȷˣķ䡣
˵ϢҲ˵䡣
ճôһ˵Ź֣֪ˡҲŲֻЦŻ˻֣ŮͲ̴һظ
΢΢Σճ΢΢ҡͷ
һ˵ѩŮִӺ˵
УС椲֪ôģһξժģ
ʵļƻǲſأ
ճЩɻת׿ѩŮЦȻةฮǾԼˣк֮ǡ
еϢȻѩŮճĶˣȴΪһŮӣԼİԼ׸һʶˣ
Ϊעı硣

ѩŮ£ͤоʣճˣԡ
޽ߵݣճͻȻ̾ʲôʱ
ȥĳ͢׿Ȩ֮ʱѾͬ
ȻͷԾ㣬չǱ߾ֱֱĺ治̫˽⡣
ǶԾӵʵƿǶ԰յʱڵĳ͢ȫ¡
ضҪһֶԸԼûа취
Ҳ˵ⲿԼ´Ѻѣ˲ôȥ
ԼԬܲܲٵˣҪĳ취Ҳٵÿ
״ڲơ
ǧǸԼӳ칬гģڲ߷Ŀܡ
Ҫıֻ֣ϴ⡣
һλǽߣ㡣
ʵڳãںӱ˵ԬʿӼŹ
ְĹıȻʷ¹Ũīزʵһʣճʵδ̫⡣
ֻЩ棬Ƶźء
ʷ˵壬Ϊ˴󺺸ˣŻ
Ǻָܵġܱն֮˵յ֮ûϢˡ
ЩˣΪ˴Щ
ճȻҴأ׺䶥ݱɫ亹ðʪ˺󱳡
ͷãЩȻ̾ةĿ棬鶼㡣鰵ͼıʵڿЦ֮Ҳãǰһκӣֵá
ȻƹˤһһʮĶ˵˳
ԭκԭԭˡ
ʮʱΪսң͸游ĸӵҵĳĿΪŮ˽赸輼
ʼﻹͦмģͷֲԡ
ֱôһ¡
ʵҪ˵ϵأδͷ֮ǰһ㽻á
ʱҲ㴿ຩ񣬻ҵԹԱʮ־أȻҲġ
ȵ֮·ȥҲ䵽ʸУȴĻ
Ҫǣĸױʰڳ⣬Ѽһ档
֪Լʵһö壬ǹӵӣн֣˴ͲƿԼС
鸮ԼŮ٣Ҷ֪Լˡ
ĸױƿأʵȻҲ

ǰЩӣ׿֮𣬷ܵã򾫱
Ĵύ֪ΪΣȻȴ³ĵͽҲ뵽硣
Ҳһգг裬һ档
ʱ˾ϳԷ
һ֮󣬾ͻصԼסҲ֪ʵ˵ʲô²޷ǾԷŵ
ս֮ϴʴ򲻹һָҪŪļƣȴм֣ôҲǶֵġ
˵£ֹסǰֽξģȫһȻҲžɫ
˵Щ˿޶޵ôÿʵǲܲ
ѹˣѺʪȫ߹ˣ
ճתߡ



1860 ϣ
ͨĴԶʣϡɼڡ
ճһָЦȪкȥϴˮԡɣҪܺˡ
һ䣬Ů·
㲻ɱң嶸Ȼһ𣬻Ұܵɫ˹Ӻ
ĻףԼѾ
һ£ϸ¶֮ʹȥĴ򿪷ʽ
ǰλԼϳ᲻
ϴէůϰϰճһ˵Ÿоʪܵģʮֲ
ͷһƣͼ˿ʺѾڲסϸƤϸһ㣬ܼ
ةˡ
ܵй޵ĿԼƺܿһСɳܵľ΢΢Щ⣬æлҲƵĸʹŮȪȥ
ȥͼǸ߹ڰӰʱֶԶϷüԶɽ
Ǹ鸮

Ȫã･
ųƯĻ꣬ϴ壬ģϾЦ⣬䡣
˽Ҳ㻵
߳أ˿Ůǰϴ£ȫµģŵѬζ
źʵ˿¹䣬ܵԵء
ةฮȨ㳤ƣĸӦðȫ˰ɣ
˴ţ飬޵֮ˣԷᣬֻҪ֣ûвɹġ
˵ޱߣǳ佫֪᲻ܴ³
صֱϰЩա
ԭؾһᣬ£飬Żͷȥ
ףأ
żţǰ·ӲӰϮ۵ȻǼӰӡ
ͻȻʮʧ䣬ĹãȻ
䡭
һ졣
ţԶԶһ߳Ƭҹն
һоƤ΢΢飬Ťͷȥ
ͼ治ԶƳ׺ɫתһֺ꽣ըǰ䡣
תӳǡ
һȶ˵Ůˣͬɣ˽һ壬Ҳǲʹˣ¡
ҹɫ֮£»ڸסˡ
ǰֻһһֱƳƬأǣ񡣲ɢȥԲ
ǣȴû˲ҽУҲûݵ
Ȼ֮ĵشƣܺõĿನķû˼޹
ԪнѩŮ
ǰ֮ʱͼѩŮȻϤʱţЩЦλڳɥŮ˽ֵСŮһȫûʲôϡ
ʱһǽŮӰֱһĸϻ
Ǹ˭֣û˵鸮лиֵģֻһ࣬ԺʿʵУֻܶԸһЩѡ
ˣǰڻ֮еĳˣȻҲǸ˹ȥ
ΪҲܿףλ֪ѩŮֵĸˣʵҲֶʮ
Ȼռƣȴп籩һĺʻţսˡ
ȥƣȻ⡣
Զķҡ
üͷһ壬ӿ𼫴棬ҲûԼʲô뷨ŲѾʹı
ֱӳةฮܵ˴֮ϣ̧ȥ
硭

Хɽȡ
һڴУһ֣סʳ䣬ǵ㡣
ڹâӹ֮һݣϢľͻΪ۳¡
촦ںδĲ֪ˣΡ
ݿ̫ˮơ
ֻϴŵĿյ²ۣǰƮƮܿó˲һƶصļһһһߡ
ûмʶʲôʿʵҲܿǸˣõʵǵҷ
ѹʵȨ㳯Ұة࣬ԭŵҸҹȻһöӣеǰҪ
︴ӣ֪Ǳϲĵȴһ
Ǻˣڳ۾£ǣôȰͶ֮ӡ
ѩŮȦɺڷһʣһ
鵭Į䣬սҴϾſߺȣȻϷ硣
ȴף̬λŮѾŭˣմλŮӣһҪù
Ȼߺ䣬ѩŮһŤš⻯Բ
ֹâתͻأһϣͻΪɵһ
ҹֵǰͻնһΣ涼ˡ
ɫµĽֵû̫ʵˮй¡
ţһɡ
翻ӹڷ׵ľʧĳĨȥ
ңǹȻûˣȻһǰǰն
ҹɫ⻪۶Ŀľаâɡ
æԶԶţľѡ
ֻҪŵ˶ףǹɻԪйâ֮Уһ̿϶ᱬǿʮΣա
꣡
һ˻һԵ΢΢١
ǰӰ仯ϸСâ֮ɣȴûӦеá
һ̾ϢӰͬһ㣬ʧԭء
ҹһӶԳѩŮ
ʱüкâ
Ȼˣ



1861 £
Ӳġ
ѵüѩŮܻ飬ճǺЦţһͳŮԡ
ԼλŮͽʹûʧܹԪس磬Ҳ·硣
ƿش鱨ô꣬ҲεʶӢֶΡ
ÿһλص칬ľͻǿ󼸷֡
»ã£ҵó֡
ʱ䲻ͱĳһͷǰ磬ƫƫԷôߵġ
̫Щʧ
ûõʲôֶ𣿵ˣ
ճЦʵ
ζӰǻСѩŮ˼Ų
ѧˣѧȴӡ
ǻ֮ŻԪ֣˽⻯˿֮һЩ΢ĩٲ
ʱͳ˸
ȻСƬ֮ϣѹԪҲò
ճĿӥ΢΢Ž⣬һ˵һȴǶŽֵ֮ϣͷӿ
ǱѩŮ֮ʱĳգйԱ
ƬΪŻʹͳôԱھۼͱʮַ
պ͹ԱֻҪеλ֮ˣ뾡취Ҫڴ˵ò¥
ЩԷԵҵΪճǴӲᣬҲ
ɫպڲãȻ𣬳Ҳѹرգȴûִ
˶û˯£ӿ֮ʱԵΪЩӵ¡
ճĿ⣬ľеڣתǾμˮˮš
ˡճһ̤óӰ
ǰһ̣鸮ǽһ࣬գ֮͵Ⱥ֮С
һǰָ̽
нšһƽһ㣬ɴƬյͷ䡣
ٱɽѹ£ʵʡ
Х̶һķ֣ݺĲ˼ڶϺڷ
ݡ
ƽգӰֱݣƮƮۼҪΪӰ
ûǿ֧ţʲôõġճҡͷ̾һҲûеڶָֻƺƬռ䶼ץС
һƬγɹӰץУȭͷ͸Բ
滹һϸСӰХţȴôҲ岻
ճԪͻƽ֮һǿ󣬻ﻯֶΡ
Ȼݽѹסò
һЩСɾķԼǿԪͼǿʹҲԻΪ档
֪ϵʿóķͳҴк绽֮ټܵķòεˮӰ÷˵һҲǳ
ǣǵգֻѧöá
ϵʿѩŮַʩչǱճһۿȻע
ճﻯ֮ΪӰϵʿУγ꣬ʵڡ
Ź֮еӰѾճϸϸȥ
˷Ҳݣ԰ֱؽĿϣοݡ
󣬲ûаɷģͻúܲá
ѧ˼ҷſ䣬ıƣȴӡ˵ϣǶˡ
ճʧЦд˿˿ȴҲûаѶԷŽ˼
ӡһʮģҲܲ
һԼȻøۡ
һ۵ģʱڷ޺ȴû˻ͬ
ʡ
һЩӾѺߣȻǳңֱϵƽū澹鹫ʵǹةฮһû˻顣
ճĳ̫ݣµķɣһ˷һ˵ûдһס
ⷨȻʧ֮ʣӣò˵һڳȴȻࡣ
һ㣬˿Կó
ɣʰıѱ¡λǱ֮
ܹһƬ˶ɪɪճ룬԰
Щ羪֮񣬴ʱ̫Ͽһһͨ
ة壡
䣬ֵ
æ׾ӵĴУвһЩȻҲһЩʵĸлš
ճЦŻ˻֣Щİɢȥתͷʵ
֪˭ǰ
͵͵Ŀ濴ȭͷ͸֮еϵ鼫ΪʣͻȻѯʣ̱Щн
һΣ˽ڼһΪǸƭء֮ǰǣ鸮ԾˣܾС
˶סԼ˼ľȣæش
ţȷֶΣճ˼
ϵʿ볤ãֱʣֵ֪֧ĵǺη²ʡ
ѩŮһӣҪһ
ƹųΰȴôһشʧ󣬶Ȼʺùġ
ǲ֪ħİƣηչճԽȤˡ
˶ˡ
ԷֶӦòֹڴˡ
ǿʵǰһе˶ֽϻûʲô˲ġ
˰ͼıʵҲǺ£پһɫĴˡ
ǰ̬ճҲһۺ˻泩
ظɣҪˡ
δ䣬оХԶ¥ܴһ֧͹棬ֱ
Ԯʹб䡭ճɫһڡ


1862 ˸־ϣ
Ŵһɽ뻭ͷμˮƽƸʣ¡
ݵδ빬ˡ
ҲЭСھסԷ
ʱǾѧѧģ˴˿ɫڳ¸߹ңӦڹŮķ֮ϴԡ׼ޡ
ճǶµϢʱ䡣
˵СӲ˯̫Ҫݽϣÿֻ𿪿ĵˡ
ڳᣬʲô
һСڴ֮ϣĳ佫´£սһĥ
οκξҲ̫Ҵ¡
ԣЭϾͲϳģʱ䶼ճة֮ټڳһЩش飬ɴù¡
ҪĽպ͵񣬻ʵСڲŻڳǰ
Ȼϳ˵ĽҲױ̬
һ㣬ճһССЭԾĲȥһЩõ顣
ϾʱѾͷ
СӾôϳɣⲻϲȤ飬ܸܵһĽС

ЭһĹΣ˯֮ǰ£졣
ڲʵʱ䣬һܺʵˣ
Э޷ܾһŮˡ
ɩسɣ·Ϊũ͢ˣǻʼҵˣôԺסڳ㸸̫Ҳˡ
ЭᣬΣ֮л˿˿Ľ֮顣
վһʮ߰СŮӣʱһذף²ʤ
ǹʺ֮ޣƼ
λʱЭֵܵĸʵܺãλŮƼΪӣΪԸº񣬶Эǹعˡ
类׿ҩ֮Ƽص˹򣴨丸̫Ҫټ޳ȥƼӡ
Գ޲ӣΪؽڡ
ǰһʱֵúҵģЭڳʵҲ˵
Сʵ˵ɩʵˡ
ڶ׿Űܴ֮ҺˣټʱһԷ¶
Ƽ⻰ûκοĵӣֻǿЦһΪӣȴ֣Ľڹ֮䣬һȨȡȴԵ֡ȴ֪·ةѳʸ֮Уפúдѣٰܲɣ
ִӺ˵ʦ𣬲ԣ̫Թ¼ãûʲô⡣ǹĵһʱ䣬ɩˡУǻʵۣɩӦóƺ¡
Эһ΢΢סеľɢȥ
е㱣ƺرչԼλ㣬ʱ£ĿȺ͡
ٿƼ֮ʱо
λŮӣ֪Ǳ׿ԳΪˣΪۼŹʵԼǰ˸ıɣϾֶΪĿ־壬ʵһجΡ
ԴרȨԷ佫϶ʮֺµġ
ةɷЭеȫͬ
ұĽڹ͢ʲôЦıʵ𣿻ҹ㣿˼ӡ
˴ʱЭѾѾЩڡ
ȻŻģĸʮŮӣݾԼʦ㡣
Ҫ˵ǻҲǡ˵ǶƽĴˣ˳ֱһİȫסһЩߡ
ʦ㣬ЭöһЩãΪ֪Щ˵жǿ
յԽʷҲһĸͨͨŮǿ
յĵʦԽʦͽЭϾЩ΢Ц⡣
˶ԼĹǿһ㣬˲һ㣬ʦġ
ţǾڳо֮У£ǢҲ˾ãɵɫġ
ǰΪʦʵΪûаȨĿտǽʥڵҲԽ
Ϳ£׿δ¶֮ǰҲǰײкݶةȻδչ֪
˵¶֮ʱƼȻƺ뵽ʲô
Ļû˵꣬ͱЭˣ˵ˣô£ٳ֣ɩͱٶ롣Ǵɣ֪ܲ
Э˵Ǻ󹬸һ¡
ȻƼѹʺũӣʵΡ
ǣȻΪĻʵۣǻʵ۵ӡԾİСʵ۵λҪչ˿С
ΣΪŮӣд£Եġ
Թ󳼣οȨµةࡣ
´˳ȥԼʦʲôõ뷨ʦĴʺ񣬲һŮ˼ƽϡ
°գҲ½
ڰУ˵֮¡֮ʢЭȻҲġ
Ƽ˵һը죬ķš
תͷȥͼַɫ⻪ӺնĿ
п硢꼤ŭ
ʱѵܵ顣ֹһЦ㲻ٰѺҽɽԵ𸸻ʣԵ𣿽վɻɩһطҳɽ
Ƽ׺ͣЭԼΣҲ⣻ƤСܲԼΪɩǵöȰ룬úý̵
òУǾӲġ



1863 ˸־£
ɩ
ŻӰ涣߳һЭ˴һŵƼȫʧͺڡ
δ빬Է֮УȻǱôྫ֡
Ϊһʸ߻Ũʮʿӣˡ
һļߴֳųꪣʨڣ¶Ͷ
žʮܡ
һ룬ڼףľݸüȫǾɫ
⼸Լʮˡ
źڼףĿ⾫âֳֳ
磬硣
λӱ˳Ϊ֮šһĸҽɽټǡƼָʿӽܵҲϵġ
΢ݼ¡
ʿʩʩȻһݵۡ
ЭȻϵãһλǳ˾ˬıֶӣҲϰ֮һλʿ˸ִ
λ֮ʱιعһְ
׿רȨ֮ǿЭλʩȫһ˿ϣ
ǣλ֮ž͹ӡߣ֪ôƼߵһȥˡ
Ҳ⡣
ƼͬΪӱˣմ״ʵʶ׺񣬴˵Ƽδ빬֮ǰá
һλƼ빬֮󣬵װʲôɫ֪
ǣЭ֪ԼʵܲԷҳϵҲԼʵۡ
ԼԶԶȲѾȥİ棬Ȳĳһų۲ŴԵ
ǴĿںǶôĹʺ壬վڸǲסҹԷΪʵ
ЭȻף֮־ճ̸¾ƣƽ֮ණúܡ
תͷߵķ٣СŮĵֱ۲ŶԷûš
Ҳߣǿȥɣҹ飬͵ʲôҲûҲ֪ة࡭ǹµĴ󺺣¼̫ƽֺαԶ
ЭȻۣɫȴܼᶨȫûǰΨΨ˴Բ
Ƽð档
ҲҡҡͷЦϵ֮ܳĻ¡սֻһ˲żǹұ£ͼЧھǰ»붯ǰȥϣҪȴҳһ⡣
Эֻǲõˣ̫ãᶯۼҪةฮܿͻᵽ
һ溺ЦЦҲǹһ춯֣ɽμˮ佫·
ʣĺˣִܳ©ߴꪺЦԽԵ
ðɣǳö
Эһۣ㱻ŵ
⺺̫ߴ󣬾һСɽͬһ̽˹ǿаԼߡ
󵨣ô
һĴ
ǰһãС¹ʣˮ
Ӱ䣬˿
̲ǧˡ
֮һƱɫãӿնͬˡ¡¡һδƽһ𣬺󷢶ǵЭǰ
ŵΤն䡣
Ӱ֮УԿóһŮӣбɫְնصԶ
׶Τ̽Ǳյһ˻ȥ˵һ𣬾ڿ
𴦣ꪾ
ꪷನһɽĽ
ΤӦ죬ȻΰȴһҲԵӷףɵ
̲ǺꪷâһӴͼǧ㣬ǡ
һУЦδЪֳһСʵۿߣ׷
ҶʦСġЭֻǺûǽвʵĽʮλڼ׺Χ˹
õģһЩçѣʲô
ŮЦһ첻⡣
ԭػ˻ΣֳͬŴ磬ͬűɫŮӡ
һ֣վһηͬʱﲨ
һʱ֮䣬ƬԷ֮Уͬɵˮ֮С
ǻӰ񣬾Ȼʵʲˡ
ÿһ˻ÿһˮ鶼һƬâ
ɽԽԽʢ
Ѫ׷ɣǳʮˣֻһ˲䣬ʮͷۡ
ʹһϱһƬ̲ӹѪȪӿ
æˣǹ˲ѾҪץЭֻ;
Τȴ࣬˫ݺͻܲ͸硣
¡¡ĺɫڿգˡ
ǣ˭ܷ֣̲֮С
ıԽԽ˫ꪹȦԽԽСѾֻܷܷ
䴫¸ڶ࣬һе㲻šû뵽ֻĸŮɵ󣬾žܣ˲ò
̾Ϣ
ббһҾεʦԮ֣Ӧ飬ĳزʳԡ
áһͭӵĳ
һâֹЪ
һݹͷȫǼƤϴŻҲ۵ɮ˳
ϺгüëѩףƮֱա
ݴȱһ˫ӵĮǿ˴ϵ
Ԫˮ̲ǧˣǿҲǲơ
֣׹ָӨӨ⣬һ鰴䡣


1864 ϣ
鷢̫죬ճûеһʱԮʱ
Էƻۣ׼ԼڻʸլеʿطҲʱ䡣
ʵĿ꣬ӦûǺ׵Э
ʵǸ׳н֮ƣһѪ
ճƿصĳ֮ķݿ˷ˣķ磬ϵֵͣʵֻΪˡ
ȻҪòģܹķõȻһ̯ӡ
ڲԱԶߣޣʿ˰ı
µǾ񣬱ٴ󣬱ϾҲֻǧϵ׽
ôܴȫΪУܻиæʱŪþͻһս
ǣ󲿷ְնäӵģԵĻᱻĳЩƻ󣬱ʿ˺ôһЮƴճͺܲðˡ
ҪĴǱϵƿأĹʢ̫ƽ
ԣж˳ԼȡءշġҪ۵㣬ʱЭϡ
Юʵϵǿ󣬶ǵϵͳ
ͳ˵ǻ˭һ㣿
Բ˳Բ˳²ɡ
бҪȡһ˳ɣʿ˺Ӿԭڡ
ôòðеĵ˳֣ճѾúЩˡ
Ԥ֮У϶Ǵɱ޴ڣʲô䡢ɱ¶߷ֶζһ顣
ЩС˵ǻۣ˼ҲѣһͿסʺ⾫׼
ֻҪ߻ɱλ֮еСʵЭٰѴñӿԼͷϡ
ǰսƣȻ޼ա
ʵ۶ˣ˵ʵڱӪ´ʥּԼƾʲôԴͳݶ£շġ
ǲƽѣе췴ˡ
պɹֻʧ˰򵥵ǻܶܶˡ

ճΨһû뵽ģͬʱģȻǵ
ողڼ̧ԶԼҵӵԮҲܵδ빬ֵ⡣

һ޳߱زΪ֡
ɮŷ𾭣ԼţĽӣһƸѹį¼ţɱ
Ƿ𾭣²ħİɣ
ŮҶֻобӶʮּѡ
һƬɵֹˣϮȫת
Ѫȫ٣Ҵܡ
һ𣬵ȥ㣬÷λϺеĹ
ΪҶָһһʹͳ
ɫ԰ţųԮﵹ΢΢̶̼ʱ䣬ȫоƣǰǳֻӰֻϺһ˱Χ
ˣѧȫˡһңֻоʴӣȫޣֻĿֻݾӨƵͷѹ¡
һƣȴ·ͬʱӡÿüĶǡ
Ǽľʦ˵ҾѪԪУֿ˼
һңϺõʲôҲԼʵǵסġ
ⲢǵıƴžùǴù򲻹ôҲûá
ԶХţһɫ⣬¡¡ƿնٶ硣ֻǵδ빬ǰ߿֮ϣǿѹ
ۼһ̣Ҫն䣬ɵľ翪ٵһ㣬Եľɱ⡣
ʦˣˮԪء
ҶҰܵɫ΢΢һϲݺݵҧһ⣬ʹһ飬ȡ
λŮٹ˲ϵէէϣӡƻֽˮĻ
ֻҪٽӹɮһʽɱУȵѩŮϵǵþˡ
̲ǧ˵ĵǱ̶̲еֿұ죬Ůڳ칬ѧ֮ʱʥиŮʹŵӳ󷨡
ǿˣҲñ
빬ÿս֮ʱ߾ۼʦԽ࣬ʵԽǿ
󷭹âֱ˸ҵ
ǰԲܲС֮֮ƵĵΤ֣·磬ƾԡ
ɱû˲أͷĲһǣʱɫ԰ףսȫޡ
ǣС磬ֻһ˿ĵΤ˫ꪣö
ǵĻ˵һ˵һȺҲ˵󣬵Ҳ㲻Զ١
ϾŮӲ̫ӣֻҪȡʤǲںóʲôֶúòÿǵĿǷΧ֮ڡ
ת죬ӦҲܵĲΣȴ˵־Ϊתơ



1865 £
λŮӵһ䣬˲仯Ϊרķأȴûӹ
ɮ֮ʱоƺгģĴ⣬ֱӡ˵֮С
һƻѹͷ֮ʱѩŮĽȻڰա
ۼ˾ҪΣ
á
ЭͷСһһԿľɫ䡣
һСľ͵ߣȴǺȥҪǰԮȣͷû𣬾Ѿ񻯵صĵز
̫СˣʵҲ̫岻֡
Զ˶ܸܵɮֵ
һƣҪ֣ǳ״
ȥǡظתޡ
״֮󣬾ǲɢأ˵ӡ㡣

Ϻֺݣأ˰ǵ𣿡
ѩŮĽٶȸһӰ
ԶոӰѾɵŨͻأĸŮǰ󺣣ƬͥԷȫС
ۡ
һԶ೤Ĺɲ
ϺǽֵļӡͻȻƺһһεĺƴգĴһϣתһϸϸΡ
ӡɽϽĽ£ʮģǰնˡ
Ҳҷҹ
ϺҲشʻֻǾɲűֶλŮǰİ¸߹ꡣ
üĿݣԶɽˮĹӸ磬ǧ¾ĸʿ
ɣƽʥĽһ𣬿ͨ͸
ЦֻзŽªţճһǰɮֶԷѾﵽ޺磬Ǵ˷ŵ̡
ûи֣һֱèûг֡
ηħҷΪУʣȻɮѾûˡ
У̫£Ȼҵĵ̣ǺˡȫִҲ֪ôģҲǺͿȻº귨
ճЦһ޷Զоɱ
һɳۼٱסƬ԰ʮ¼ʿƺһɢݵನѹһ
Ȳȫſ˵ϣ罬
Τֱ۳ײŤţζߣҪַȴܼ
ܸо˷һɹŹֲçԼҪﾹȻ󲻾˼
ѵ˵Ȼ飬ͷҲ򵥣Τȴ˽ţӢԡĳĹﶼʲô
飬Ȼһԣͻ᲻֪˺ôǰæһ
ΤµûճƲδУʵѾˡ
𵱳ڻιǰԪ˳õֵǺ
ͻƽԪ֮ʱЩֶõĻ㴿졣
ɱ׿֮񣬶˵ޱ̡ˣھݽ֮ڣ˵ʹָɵúܡ
˵ǰֻܵðĶ֮ص˵ΪھͿԵһһɽƿġ
ãԴģָĪ⡣
ħƷ𣬷ʥ֮ͻд֣ɮ׾ˣȻûϳ¡
վнصͻȻһ䣬΢΢ȻЩį
ܸιӥɮȴĴˡܷħ𣬼ļҲΪ
Ϻ˵˵ţƤϵļƤߡӷƽһŽ⣬ľشתۼͱһ˫ʮ껪ׯϵС
ݰףݿΰ
⵹ҲˣĹͷ֮ϣһŽµļѴСΪ𣬷ȼձС˷
УҲʮգ֪޾ġ
һϰգ۳ɺ
ٱһվġ
޾˵վϾֳ˴ϲ
ȻǼ塭
¹ģƶǶӰѾճǰ
һ˫ƽӡȻ߾١
ǰɻƽҩƣճͷ䡣
ָΪħԣЩͺ¿ˡ
ϺеΪճɹȻЦ۴򿪣Ϳ˶ԷΪΡ
һԼھݽ֮ǿ֣ʵҪʤڼ١
ΪȻý˼
˵ͬȫܾݽѹƣǳԽԪ֮ϵһ
ϧǣŶɣʱδ¡
Ž岥Ѿʮϰ֮ãɵķͽȴࡣ
ǵİ׹⣬ȥʮ׳ۣճȴֻЦ
̫ûС
ԼվԭҲûʲôġ
ټϺ޳ɵ޺ȫвһͺܿɹˡ
޺ʵԼڵɾ磬ֻ߶ɽٵķʽЩһ
ף٣Ž۹£ħһ棬޵ꡣ
նȥħ
зţնħնħһݾ
վϺȻǰճħΪħ
ͬնԻȡ¡
񳤰һͳµĴƣ밵Уӿķս
Ȼ󣬺أħȵ²ûԼֻݷ𡢼ϣʱ
Ҳʹˡ
նħٶɵԭһ˵޳̨ϧǣھݽ֮ڣնȥģҲΨԼһ˶ѡ
ճվеĲпٲ顣ҲꪣԼĽ
Ӱͷ˫ֻֻӡΪڣΪףܾ;ڰ
ܿռ΢΢һ˲ȫһȡ
ɱ
Ϊ̼컯Ϊ
һӡ»Ϊ֮ڤڤž޴ۼɽɫС
ϺйýǰħƱճӡһ£һãȻ󣬺ڰ׹⻪ǣ׷ѭĹ켣ӵ֮ϣ⣬˳ֱ£ڹǣĥԪ
׵ħ
վһʹۼð깦һɥ˸䣬Ҳҳǿɫ»ָɼƤŲƵİֻһ٣ͻΪصȥ
⻯Ӱʮһ絽˳ǽϣһԾ͹˸ǽԶɽ֡
ڲԶóһԼò죿
ճЦЦϺУﵹǺϺеķͨʵж֮
Ѫֻһھݽ֮ڣҲܱ磬ʵˡ
ǣԸľһûɢ죬ҲҪӿҪأ塣



1866 ﻯΣϣ
ճһԶȥվӰƺǧɽˮʶӦ֮УɮϢԽԽɽ֮ٶȾ
ⲻȥ׷Ǿ͡Ը
׷С
˼ķؼĸײ¶ͷ֣Ե⡣
ǼȲ£ֲ
մʱҵЩɮӰӣڰһֱ壬ܻ
Ҳǿıճ治̫
պ󱻴еǣͱȥˡ
ֻһ⣬öԷùݣּɵŲӰ쵽Լո˵ж
ճòϣ˼䣬ȻƲԣۼʵʱʱ¸չʾһѴڸеĵʿһҲȥ
٣ǰϺǼֱ£Ǻġ
ǼľƷ֮ĵӦáԼ³ԪسѩŮ˿Կ˻Ĵ򲻹
ճĽԪھݽ֮£ֻó֮µҪʵˣϺȻʣ°㡣
οƾһ˵
˷Կɷħµơ
˵ճģһӣҲұӡ
һͤƾ˵ˣͿȫȡ¡
һ֣նħ¡
ֱΪ˴󺺶
Ȼɢ֪٣Է˼·ճȴԽܹѧӦ
ǺǿҲֻǸǿڵɽԭݽĻ֮£ǵսԲûȡеĳɼ
ճֲƣ콭ɽĹǿ˵Щ֮ˣóֶ̫ػˡ
ôһֱŷͥһЩλ»²ʿȡ£Ӷջмнɡ
˵á
Ǻһ⡣
ʦµСӺǹӣһ֮󣬾ͿԱ壬׻˵׾ˡ
һ¼ҹˣ㻹ָǼʲôʲô顣
ͥȡãҲֻʱ
ʦҲãҲգֻҪû˿֮ͻᱻɨʷĳ
ԣʱʱľ˴ȡ£˵˼ð̡
˲Ըǵ⣬Ǻãǻͯҥֶ
һЩ質һʲôǧݣ࣡ʮղʲôӣˮɽ
ЩһȥλߵĶһҪҳʵˣ뷴Ҳ÷ˣĸԸɱ־
ԣܹܶʼķͥʱɴˣʱûȥ˵ȡҲͶ϶
˵ȡ˵Լ۱Ȳ̫ߡ
ճҪȫȡˣ¸ΪУнײΪУҲϧ
ǹעһ
Ϊ鶴ֱռˣٶתΪԼʵ
Ψһƾ³ˣң£̫ƽʢһЩĵá
ֱ˵ķԼһ⡣
Щǲǲ⣬ǻ̫Զˣʧ־
ܹµӳֺαء
˵ˣ˵ˣ˵ҲжҪõǽòҲ˽ǡ
Уϳܻܿƽ⣬Ϲ˻ʲ֡
ʱһƤеķ
ճͲˡ
ͥУһ仧Ҳ㲻ϣֻһС
ʲôҲӦ
Ļᡣ
ĳЩлûзӦڳԸԼʱ򣬺ܿԼѾɳΪһ
˵ţֲò˵ˡ
ʱķ±Ҫضˡ
Ҳ̫¡
ǵľϾոմ붫ãû¸
ҪȡóɾͣҪʱƣ˳ˮۡ
ҲǴʱ䡣
ʵϣʷ⣬ٹһʱ䣬Ǩǻˡ
Ϊأħ֮ľ٣õ˵Ҳöൽȥ
ΪֹŴλĵȨߣʵǺһ
գĳۣĳЩǡ
Щӣ˵ͻᵱɳˣΪ˴֣ΪǿӰ
ĵĳŷ֮ӭ˺ҵж
Ĵڷȫλһ֮䡣
ڽϽټһ档
η֮󣬷ҲףҪϲ·ߣʵΣգһʱΪѧվⲻɡ
ܹһʱˣҲֻǳϦ
Ӧôһ仰ҲҲúܡ
ôͲܲǵ²·ߣĴС
ȵӦԭصĹðԷϿ˼룬ûʲôвİȹ̵ĸ
ҲǴ˷𷨶ڡ
רΪն˶ɳѡ
ܼ򵥡
տʼʱŷֻΪѼ޻壬ɲüˡ
ߴʤҺ޳ɣȫû
ȵһ䣬ȥż˶ΪԼ˳ѻᡣ
ҡһ䣬ͱȫȫΪ°ıĴǧ򻧡
ɮɼʮ˽䡭
ǵ¿ģ
һλʲôɼһҲϲɱˡ
һģ޺˭ܹǿ赲ˡ



1867 ﻯΣ£
ճ磬һ仰׹ǡسɷ𡱡
⻰˼־ǷУ˶зԡ
ǰǺˣǻˣŮֻҪͨԣؽ䣬гѻᡣ
ͷδȥ⣬ֻ£ֻδ
⾭һһǧͷ˶ҵԼİδõ
ԣŵˣˡ
Ȼа࣬˷ָĹȻؽ顣
ܵ˵Ҳѹȥ

ճֱǿ˵ԼľתҪݣվϺӲȥġ
ӳƵ壬˵Ƿͨ˵ճˡ
סһϣŷɱ˼ôһ򾡡
ճƱˣȴûϵԼȫûһˣҲʼԼĶعԡ
ʱһɶƻܲܳɹ治ܿʵΡ
ֻʱʶѡ
˿̡
Ϻл⣬ǽߣ˵Ŀⶼǣסˣȴûע⵽
û˷ǰ˽ನ֮ʱƼһ𣬾˵СʵЭͷԡ
ȵעתƣϽһ漦СԲСָỮأһѪ֡
һʲô԰Ϊ֮һ
ԲͻȻ󣬲ˮӳճøݣʡ
֪߲߲ǣ߲塭
νߣҲúɫ֮νǫ
СշҲϺĪҲϺ壬ĪҲϺţĪҲ顣
ʣۻ룬ͬӣ˻˥΢
һ¡
һȦȦӳ֮£ӰͬԵƼԼڲԶСʵЭ̻ʵΪ顣
ˮľ֮Уƺһ硣
õ
زõѩŮȻŭ˵һը
һɫ⣬ˮ⣬ɨĲӡ
𴦣Ѹײڶ
һԼĲӣܵͷ­𣬲ŵЦһӮˣ֮ڣЩ㲻ܿͻԵС׿ǰϣֵܼøһЩ
ڵҸ˱ܣŴѵͬʱһ޸ܹ֮Ŀģ°Сʵۣʵѵõʤ
֤֮Уǿ
ˮ
ճûκζֻǿ澵֮УõʿӣĿ
ǡ
ԭҲзġ
ɺȻ֮أôһ򷨲֡
ճȥأѿʲôù
ƬˮӰ֮УƼЭˣ类ȥԶԪӦ
ԭصӰֻӰӶѡ
Ц֮У⽥ֹ
ѩŮɫڳ͵͵ĿԼʦһۣ߳ŭ
֮£ûз֣ȥԱߣԭӦôʧɫʹķСʱȴɫ䣬ûһ˿顣

λŮն˵ĲʣŴʱ̲סͷЦ
ǱŪڹ֮䣬Цˡ
ɸˡ
֣Դλة֮ѹȫ
ǷŸɮ֮ǵΤԼĻѳ˰⣬׸
ճſЦĲʣҡҡͷջһս֮ϵһǰһ׷׿ҲǾȹһأ˱ҵģ治ۣΪĿģֶΡ
ߣںڵûаҺʹȫˣѾˡ¸սң޷Ǿ֮ʧȥҲĶҺǿȫᷴһ°Ҳˮޡ㣬Ц
ʼ
ţԼǱסˡ
ȷСʵ۱ȡߣЮĴ˲ܲٵ
ǰλةˣ룬ȻסԼһ
ǻȡ棬ͼıٴӵĻᣬ²õġ
ճҲЦ
һָ԰һ࣬ЦТ㿴Ǻˣ
ͷƣɫɵתͷȥһľеôܣ
βŵСŶվˡ
һ˳徻
СۣͬȫȸԾ֮ɫ
ƺǰʣǿúˣҪС
СЭͷ٣ǸһЩŮ٣ȴǲ
ʦô֪˴׼ЭзŹ⣬æʵһ˵꣬оЩãֽ͵̴˵ˣб䣬γ̿ӣ͵
СæͷЦֺ֮⡣
ţ²ΪѼæ֮гս̵Ǽգɵúúϧܻķʱ⡣
СӦ龴
Ҳ΢΢ͷһ԰еѪ֮к˵ĺʬ壬ü΢΢壬ûж˵ʲô
˭ղű°ȥǺ˼ٰ磿
ɫҰܣԭһСͷ­תתȥȽ֮£ôҲʲôͬ
ճºЦֻһεĿܷţʶ˵ҷͷͨѵû𣿡
Σܣ
߶䣬Ȼ̧ͷֵȥСʵۣˣ



1868 ţϣ
ͻȻˡ
һʱ֮䣬ڵĳӶˣһθͲ
ΪǣҪڴǰһ֮׼ᣬ֣պȻһƬá
ܼҷΪڲԶӡ
ǰˣۼú԰ʮϰŮڲͣǣûôģȴ˾
ĹãȻ֣Ǹ׶񡢴ΪصçΤҲƺʧȥ˶־
־ܣȻô죿
ǰλŮ֣ʹһʮ˶ȡʤܣѵΤС
ڵĵ˲ֻǶ˼Ƕ˼ʮ
һȥӡ
ο޵վǰ
û취ˣȻһ񶾵壬Сʵ۶ר׼һٵģ͵Ʊˡ
ԷʲôͲʿ֪ˡ
ñɣҪҵҴֵټûô򵥵ġ
Цһ㵭ȥճڣＷ
ճҲΪ裬ʵֻǰȮİûа塣
ʵϣԪͻƽ̶֮˵Ѿǿǿһ˿
Ȼڽǰ㣬һͻսǿķֳĻҲûʲôսǣΪһλԼѰҵĿĵأǴ´ࡣ
мͬʶ̸
ûʲô˵ġ
ȫˣϵΪΡõλνġ֮ۡһʾ¡
ɱǲܵġ
ڳ͢ٹٺͳǰλЩ˵ͷ­ͷ
ѩŮͰλŮһӵϣΤʺʣµЩﲢûзʲô˻
ֻǽһѾ׷ˡ
Ůסϵᡣ

ʱһ·ŸɮֶˡվϺܻĴңΪǡ
ճ΢΢ӦһµϺߵķЦѩŮҪһȥʶһֶΡ
үҪҪһЩ˹ȥһ
ѩŮЩǵģȻǵճİȫ
뷨ûɣ֪ԼʦʵǿҲԱ⡣
ǸǿǿǱѹȥ
Щ֣ô߹ҲΪ
ã̫ˣáճҲʲôԴӣƶžת壬Էʲô˲õֶΣٿԱ
ӡ֮УͥϾڲͬ磬ЩҲ̫ûƷ³
Ҫǣھݽѹ֮£Ƿ½磬ҲӲɼϵʵȫܳ֡
ĻҪи̣ŪûͷǴ档
Ƿ淢ݣԳִƽ硭
ҲܴܲƣܣΪǶϹ˻ʵƣǶŮ洵Ĳ
⻹ûм˵˵ķɡ
Զֵòʧ
ɳˣȥӶƽһѲܲټһ֡
ǡ
ѩŮȥָܿ
ƮƮҲϺ뿪ķλԾǽ۵糸һӶ
ҵλ֮ţΪüƣճķ˿仯Сʵۣˮ֮ߣҲ֪˶ٻҸ˰
һʼ𣬾Ѿ뵽ճµ֮УʱѾ˲ܾӪء
⣬һʱ֮䣬ǻᷢСʵʲôԡ
˿ճ֮䣬ŸӦġ
Ϊ̫Զԭʣʱܷ嵽״ʲôؽ磬ķ򡢴¾Զȴġ
ֻҪȵִһܲ±ǲӡ
Ȼܲ£ƾЩŮӻû̫ա
̫١
ԣճ׼Լ֡
֮ǰ˽˷һ¡
磬ӹããɽһϺ֮ͣ
мҪһ˴Ӿնϣھμˮ֧
ǰɽͷŵϡ
ɽطӳ¡
ѹֺҪطԺʵǴ֮ڡ
öǰѾûܹ͵Ϯˡɣ˽ʲôã
ճ˰֣ʾѩŮˣϵһоͳһƵĽ׳
֣һƻȸԾ
ճָУ簲οĽ׵ĺͯ
ûжùƽˣǵõǴСģվãҲͨѪ
ͨɽͥλ·˲أΪͬͲ·ȥѰ˵
ʵ¹֮£һ󲨶ԭؾͳĸӰ
һ˵öϢ˥΢࣬ǵ֮ʡ
Ҳǲհɮ¡Ŀǣοݡ



1869 ţ£
ϺվλճΧм䣬ǽ£ŵâɢź翵
ѩŮȴòΧ֮ڡ
ǰճԣľ˱ܿ
λɮȫɫճʦͽ˵ĿУʹޣ˿˿ɱ⡣
ҲнħֶΣҲɲĳ
ʮϰ׺޼ͬۼҪôûá
ճһԾЦˣλ·˼֮£ӡǷʲôԴ󣬻̳óһЩıƣϺУ̫ˡ
һ󡢻̳ĵ±£ԿȻǴ򲻹ġʩҲ̫Դ󣬾Ȼ׷֪ڣȴҪԶʵǴİܱʡ
һİСɮ۾ƱշǱգָöľ㣬ռ䷢̡졣
ȫ𣬶սĺ
Ҫһ·ѴʦͨģĦʦĲ顣Ȼ޴ʦʮ䣬Ҳһͬó
ճĿⶨڰСɮ΢΢һ٣ٿߴɮЦ
ö˵̬ͱһС
ǲԴ󣬲ԡ
ȻҪ£ճôȻû׼Ρ
£Ȼٳ֣ѩŮúܺá
ʲô°˴ɢɡĴɮݴͷš
ֻҪһ־ܲµԷݡ
ЩУеļ޵壬أճ²ͨ͸ֻǴӴз˲򵥡ɽӵˣķƯڼˣɽˮ
˵ˮ˾ճǰмǽġ԰ĺȻ
÷ýŪٳ
㼯תƿռ䣬ȻҲ
ȻҪʵǰɮ
ˣʵ¾øɮ
μ˽ܺƴ󣬴ӼԶͽ顣
ѺĦơʮ¾÷žһδ붫Ҳ𽥵뵽߹Թ֮С
оѧʿǣҲⲻҪѧһѧָ۴䣬㲫ţ̧ݡ
˴Ƶʱ򣬳һⱾ⾭䣬һܸߴϵ顣
ȻЩҾ䣬Щ˳ĸ߹ԹϰôҲӴģҲѧᡣ
ǿ㰡Ҳ
һ飬꼿޸ˡ
ǰ¾ӪúڵײҲһϯ֮ء
ӡơѰţʱͻ顣
Ϣ֮󣬾һЩͽ
ġ
ܵ˵⼸ɮʵ̸϶ˡ
ճԣҲֻͬ
ΪԼһֽϽжգҲǺܲס
λɮټˮµվɮǴ˼Ĵɮˡ
ͨ˻жôһЩʿǴɷ

һɷͨ쳹أ޺⡣
һճЩʵ޺ĸ֡Ҳԭؽ磬ɵ
ֻ£Լʵδռ̫ơ
ϧˡճ̾
ЩȻ㻵ˣǣĳͻȴǲɵ͡
λɮǺ¶ɭȻɱʲô졣
޷Ǿһǡ

˷۶Ľ׹໥Ӧš
ģЩ㻹ǿգĳ֪ڣŵϵ
ָоҲȫԣڵķ֮Уһƾʼƣҡ
˵ɽ֪ǾϣʵֻڸУ˼䴦ɼ
̧Զգǳ羴
ȻӦճ˼άǣ׶ʲôԽ͵
ճһϳǵݣϺһ㶼⡣
ܹ֮䣬ΪƸΪĴһƬýɽˣô֪ʶç
鱨϶üõġ
ְɣҲñʶһµźεֶΣ
ճбָһֱţɽƺХӿȼ
һ֮־ȫһ壬ɽ֮ˮƬϳͣźڸС
ѩŮæ˼Ȼŵɫȴɫ
ϾҲɾĸˣǲĸӦԼʦĽǿ󣬼ֱرɫ
ǣҲӦ˶ԷƵ֮Ԩຣ
ʲô󣬶ǹħɣѩŮֹš
ճէ׷ͷ΢΢һɽͳߡ
ǧķǻϢһԵӿ˳
УҲһ˿ѪӰ
˿ѣ˥ʱܵýѣ
ţҷѵãܶʹаģ˲ܽ⡭
ռ͵ƺѾԭ뿪ȥʱҲӳһգ֮䣬ǧꡣ
һӺվ죬Ƶһͷնǰ
ͺǧɽˮôҲܵ



1870 ȥɽ
ճ･ƣɥ
ŵë֮͸ŨŨζ·ۻοɼ©ҲˡҸˮͷÿ䡣
Ȼ˥רŶԸϲ˵ĴɱСûɽţû뵽ȴ˼ˡ
ȫ쳣ʣճȴûжپš
Ȼ峺ŵϲĻʵ֪ܲٿһؿռʱ䣬ģ˥ĩ֮
ʩɡʹɱ֣ʵһһģ춨ѷħӲȥġѼճͻδЦһ澳羫΢ƣ󷨰ԣһƳġ
ԱߵĦɮҲЦҹʩδѷħУֻԽԽֱһȻ
Ʒεһλɮޣȴǰվеϡ
ʱ˿̣λҹʹϺѾȥ˺۾ɵϴʧ˹
ƺҪһ۴ħ龰һ¡
ϸݵ޿ɶֹĻɢ磬еһƬ
궼Ϊޡ
ȥɽһ·ߺáվʦܣİɣĳ˺ܿͻȥ
꼿һֱûгʱڿڣѶľģĦͷ˵ľӪһðƲԹĲ
ʦ𡣡
ѩŮС죬ָų֨֨졣
ôճܹʱҲˡ
ǰôô
ϧȻֻĿţʲôҲˡ
ɮµƣпûжֽȥҲ޼¡
ԵΣ֣ǵʦġ
ǣ̲סҪİ
ѩŮüëʳһˣ𽣾ڻûг֡

ճŹţǰ˺ڰɫʡ
ܸӦȫѱູĵĳƣҲ
ͷĿѣ֫
ַʱԶļ䣬ȻС
ǺСʱһ󲡣ʱҲǸоԼҪˡ
ãһʮ䣬ģɱˡѷħԭˡ
ݲԽ죬ͻ֡
׷գ۾Ѿͬǡ
ĽͬûӴΣããǺӣþҷ¼֮ãȴôҲߡ
û˷֣ĵĴתΪƽͣɻΪɱɱ֮
һ־ԽԽۣѲǽ⡣
֮ʳľޣɽԽĺ׳־
ǵһķ
ǽмļ
Ǵˮ֮еĲѪ
˶ʤ죬н
˭˵Ѳѵóѣճ۾һ⡣
һһ˵ڣڡⳤ棬־˥ҺΣ
һ׹üĳ֣ȫķӡ
ǰȻʣճЦȻŴɣܻŸ쿪ı£˴۽硣ҵǺͿˣ˷ȻܹԪȴ˵֮
һУѾɹңԶǺӻδﵽĿĵصǱٿ֮͵С
˵ڶص磬棬ٵôε˼ĵȻ³ɣó档
˵ʱ佫פ˿̣š
ճ˵ͬը
λɮȱ˿˿֮⿴ճ翴ĳһ㣬ɫ䡣۵һ³Ѫ
⻹ֻǿʼ
ճŻ˿ɰתڣƸƽͣ˵ĳᣬߡ
䡭
ܿռãȫɽ֣ˮҶ¶䡣
ľã۾ҲγѪ
󲢲ô򵥵飬ɱֵȻǧá𲻵ˡ
һ㲶һ㱾£ǻ裬ϴԼºȻͻᱻ̳Եùͷʣ
Ƿɡ
ѵľ㡰ꡱһͳѷ졣
ĦɮĲҲͻȻ֮ʧȥйԡ
꼿ޣʱȺѪˮһ侭Ҳв
֮еʮ䣬ϵֻԼס࣬ϳִִ˫۲ţͣӡ
˵Υ飬ҷ𡣡
һ˵꣬ճвɽ΢΢һٴλӳ
һΣͼһӵصĻֺ׹ӹɽ֣ɨǰҲնλɮĽ
࣡
죬ǧͻȻѪꡣ
컨׹ɽ¡
졭
ͬͬʱء
λɮͷͬһʱը٣껯ɢ


1871 ҹ׷
ճһԽͶƣ䷴Խ׺ݣλ޺ɮ޷ֵ
һԼ˾ȻһûסͻΪеһĨްӡ
Ҳ飬ԵĻҲǲԡƫҪѰ·Ҳֲ˭ˡ
ſɽżţ֮ǰҹϴճ̾һ
Щսͻûаֻػأһ
ʵϣԼǴһ㡣
⼸λˣҲ֪ΪΣͿԼǿᣬС
ԣűĲõôһ
Է󷨣˵ʤ
ò˵һҲǵΨһʤ
ճôһЩΣ˵
Ͼ˴ھݽ֮£ΪսٸߣʵҲǲȫӳġ
˼ҲӲӲֱһףģռơ
Ҳ𡢴ħݽԭˡ
챾죬ǷӲ
һɱ©
£궼ûãʵǹ컨壬ûдƷı£ǾֻӦʵ
ЩҪ֮£˼ֳ˭֪ʲôڵš
ΪһǱ˼СƷŪû³ǲŻΪǧЦ̸

ôûˣ
ѩŮŴС죬ȫǻϲһظ
ɼҶ֮Ҫհٱһʧ֣Ԫͻ᳹ɢҶ°ճһЦѩŮ⣬æ
˰ѩŮʦ˼ʱӣҲ£ʦҲûλ˻Ըң԰ɣ

⻰˵ãʦʹɽ޵ǵġ

ѩŮȻڴĿ˹ֻ۾ˮģճƻĿеǿæͷƶĵԣˣ˭Ҫ۸ҼҵӣȾҪԴӲǲӲ
ʦͽЦּ䣬ǰĽźļĵľѩŮеȥ
ͬѩһ㣬ɳ֮ϣʱʱִһ֮ء
үҪҹȥ²ܲɫոִսһԼЪϢ綯
ԶɽҹʪأȻ¹ȴҲͿúԶ
ѩŮԶֻһϰ߶ѡ
ճҡͷûдһ˿׺ѩŮ̡
𲻸ҹ²ܲˣǱ̷ӦΪüƣ°Сʵۣǲڶʱ֮ڰ޵е

ճ⻰١
˵˵ȥΪòܲٵʲôˡ
޷ǾǸϵĿĵأõˣظô򵥡
⣬ʱޡӦûԬ£õӦɧԪ
ǽݵأϵҺ壬濪ԪֻʮרĿ˵С
ȻԬô뵽ܲپȻ֮
ܺõԼ񣬻ΪĹԳ۶СʵЭϡ
˵Ҳã˵ıԶҲգĳ˵ĳɹˡ
ϧǣܲԶҲԵĵʲôĶ֡
ճֵʸ񣬶ûС

΢߳ǰס
ٹһᣬһֺԾɽ룬ɢȣɽԵ
㶡һڶߡ
Сءر
ǳӣɽޣȫһ˹
һϵĳǱüꤡһ֮ڳʳĺʱ
ͬģճԶɽ֮µӪ̣Ҳųʳ߶صĹԡ
ܲٵӪ̾ǿɿڵʳ
ӽκ⣬ѾΪʷϧôֵôʱ̣ȻûʷأδЩ
ճţ˲̲ǸʵϺλ绨ĵŮӡ
ðɣճԼˣѩŮִ棬󻹾ŮӣԼʩء
ְɣӪֻǧʿҲ࣬췹δ󡭡ϣܲһˣ׽ܲ١
ǣʦ𡣡
ѩŮһӣһԾԾɽ룬һ㣬ѵ֮⡣
ŵľٵӰͬһʱͬһ衣
ŲףХˡ
ĵֻһ˲䣬˺ӪկǽһལӰХɱӪ֮С



1872 ;ĩ·
䡭
ӪѪ𣬿һƬ
¡¡ӪʵײУ˸ܲıﲻˡ߲ɱ翹ն
ѩŮٸŮӣҲԾݸ߷͡
һ·ɨ绢Ⱥ
ʱʱвܾ󽫳֣ߺҪ£ģű˽ʹʹ֡
ӪУһİ׳Ŀӥǵ˳
̧ȥͼɽ
һĻûع
֣ӡ
һ߷ұܵʿ䣬˹
׳һܲ٣֮ϡ
ȴԾųžҪϺ
ʱӰ
ಣ
ߴ뺷׳ƺһڵϣͷһؿڴֵһ󶴣﷢һͷԵڵء

ܲҪӣͷͼһĻѪ
ֵܺܣսϲ֪ȹٻˣҲ֪˶ٴˡ˸鼫ãʱŶԷ⴩ضܲʹ
ҹʧڳδ빬׶༪٣Ѿѹˡתൽ°ҹŽһᡣʱʧһֵܣʹĳ
Ļû𣬾͸Ӷˡ
ȦתͷҪӱ޿ӣͼԱ߲Զһƥ˻ء
ͬӲһնһڻͷ׳նĽء
š
ĺԨҲϢ
ɫִͷٵŮԽԽ࣬˷Χ£
ܲٸմлع񣬾ͼǰ·
ǰʮԶһŮӣһѱ̹ٵķ񳤽վ
ѾŰʮߺڼʬ壬ȫʺнѪ顣
ܲзŽ׵ڽ壬ԱڣոͶԼãԺõġ
ͨСһϢ
ѩŮ
ܲһ﷢䡣
Ӹص鱨λȥСŮˣʵһѷɫȵ֡һݺ
ң佣Ŷ֮أ԰ٲնףɽɱС
ֱ͸񻰲ˡ
ǰԼȻסܲ˫ᣬߣôҲӲġ
ɱϡ裬ֻ˲յʱ֡ǧಽԷննĽû֯ʲôЧķ
澹Ȼ
Ծʵľӣ˵Ĳһ
ܲǰһڣо𣬲εڵء
ҲûʧܹԺҲܻսܣûԼгһջ䵽˾
ִ򲻹Ӳˣ
ॡ
ԶӪ֮У졣
һʿ磬걻Ѻ˳ڲһԱŮƵġ
Լµľʦʱϻű飬ƺȫû뵽졣
⣬һŻŮӣ̣ҲСһൽǰ
ǺũҲʵƼ
ҹϲ񣬽񳿾Ԩ
ܲٴϣҲӱԦѹѹѪеʿ䣬һʱ
ϵ֣յ꣬ǻ̸ٴμ棬ȴûϵǵ򣬺ڴˣ
һӰճ黯ʵڲܲǰʮ֮⣬Ц
紵ϰ΢΢ڣͷӳųڷ˿衣
ʰϸĶͷԳ⡣񽻻ԣ
ӿǣܲٷ֣Էս˴¹ࡢ㲻մ
ȻǳĽྻһΪ
˫糽ǵ۾ƺܿһС
ܲٷһ棬ͼԼ׽󽫣ֵѾȫ⡣
֮ԣԼܻţԷǲԸսɱ⡣
̾Ϣһȫ챦ϡ
ܿܣ˶ѡҳԶԶ͹㡭һҺܲףΪ㾹Ȼ˿˼ͻϮӪ̡ͲҾ֮ܵ𣿡
˵𣿡ճЦԱһָͼԱ߲ԶӪ߳һˡ
İСʮۣǺ׵Э
ڲܲپֵ֮УǾ꺢ͯͻȻ˱仯˫üǴһ仡ȣƺڳ
ճòĲͬСةˡ
⣬⡭
ܲͬһ
Աߵɫ԰ף亹䡣
֪ԼˣҲһΪε취òӪû˿ʹ˰߶ûаᡣ
ԭܼ򵥣ԼȻϸԣһжԷС
ԣǼЭǶԷĿܷ
ǿͨȻûȫʶȴѴѾá
Ӳ񣬵ʹȴҲ޻ġ
ǿ˼άݣϸģ°
նħҲû
ԣϵ÷
ˣɫűʮֿ¡
Ϊĳһ˵ⳡֻʵλ֮²ɡ



1873 ٷ¯
ѧ峵Ųߡ
֮󣬼ų͢ң˾ԶߡΪԬǲ֮ţҷɾҵȥͶ˶Է
һʱ۲죬ͷԬҲ
֮ԵȫټһЩҺ崵
ļӢۣʱЩ̫ϡ뿪ԬܣѰ
ҪԼĿеĴ󺺣ʥӴΣҶ
ˣѡ˲ܲ٣ĸ
ãһλȻϳ¹٣۲Ŵԣȷ֮ܳŲܲΪ壬һձʵԼ롣
ʵֻһţؼҺʿǰ;ΪҪŴˣ
ַУǴźܶܶˣӱԺһѧӣ̫ѧеˡ
Ȼ԰һжҾǰӡ
ǣȴһͿأˡ
Լ룬ǣͬʦ
뵽λة˵ֶΣңƺѾ಻ĿĽ֡
ôǣ°ӣﲻˡ֪ձۼλ롢֮ţ᲻̹ǣ
ճ䵭ĿһλҶͷȴǸֳ˾ˬҡҡͷ
ЩҴ壬Ѽһ棬ӵܻѡͶ
κһƣڱ塣
ֻҪһ˵þӸλܱ֤ȷǸð취
ճĶۣǽͷݵΪʵôͬģ̫ϡ
̫ԸԴƾ˭ȡ£һȫȫҳԼļ壬ܲŸ
ӵܷ˼ѾΪ̬£Լеǲǣ˾ˬϣǣϰˡ
һ㣬ճǿǿҲűϿɡ
ʿ֮дôءдһ˼죬ʿ˵
ڻǵĿʷԼʵҪ
ȵȥ̰䲼Ͱġļº֮ʿܹһ֮ߣԿ١
ճǶ̡˵˾ǸˣҲš
ѳ̻ᾭӪٺãô£û߹٣ӵҲûݹʦѧ飬ʿȻûʲô
Ǻţ߳˿
ƾŶҼݣŷĴŶȥӲӼÿɫ
ԣλٸߣôֺʿӺҴ壬Ҳûõġ
維׿Ȩƹ˰ɡ
ǻᣬ˼ҵ澴ùѪͷΪһçȫ
ν󽫾ҲȨ㳯ҰƳ͢һԳΪţɱġ
Ͳһ·ˣ򲻵һȥ
źţŴš
һճ롣
֤һ㣬ǾǹȨʲôǵ¡¡
ʵһС
ȵܲٷԬܰƽɡ
ʱеˣʿԼĳš
ôףҾȻһɣ
ճҡͷʧЦԼˣһ˵Ȩۡ
ʱϼͷ
ԺЭλԼԵǾ塢¡ǻᱻΪ۸¶ĸλ
ʵϣЭСһĸûУĹ¶
أٷ¯ǵնɱֵܡѺϸıλļһﶼΪһǧꡣҵĸëë
ճ˻֣սʿ䣬Ѻܲ١Ƽ˻ȥȫûע⵽˹ٷ¯ͷʵѾԤһͷ

ƽԪ꣬ʮ
ˮ࣬Ұݿ񳤣߳û
ˮʪϢķʣѹָС
Ϊԭ򣬶̫̫࣬࣬׾ͳ߲
սδĴ׹ۡ
־ʵȻˮ֮С
һСľͻдƬƬİյòȥ
ճ֪ʷΪɣȻȫ
߲׸ոճֵʱѾҽ
پͻӵˣͱ뵽˳С
ճ˸̫ҽְǣɳЭǵƲҩڷ
ϭ£ķݿС
гٴֻ֮ҪѲķţ̾ɱͷҵ
ʲôҡʲôͷ
ʵ̫ˣˣܱ֤Լܱ֤ƳԵҩܱ֤ԭÿնȥϴ
ο񴦴սϽĮɶɱѪɺӵġ
Щʬ嵹أԴ´Ҳܲ
õײִвܾܿͻʷϱһĻ
˵ȵʮȥ֣ᷢԭأֻʣ¼ˡ
ǻʲô̫ƽʢ
ʲôֵˣ˷ɣá
վһλãܵõôͬʱȻҲõ򣬵һù

͢ķݱиݸһϢҲǳ˳һǧ򻧡
һЩƽ˵Ϣֻǹྪ̾תͷΪڿ
ǣҺ壬ȴͬ׺䶥ļսҲѷ˼ȶȡ
ܲͼı죬ܣܼҰ䡣
ı°ӣ棬նס
ũƼѺ乬Ϊٵؽڡ
ЩϢķĺ䶯׿ҲСȥ


1874 Ⱥڵ۹ѩģϣ
ܲٷ¼дԡ
һμ˺ڵҴ󷧣ܲȻ¹ңȴڴ󺺳֮ϻԾ꣬ϵͳϵ
ۼ˵ˣݸ۽λڱ֮ϡ
ˣǸˣ˵ԬڶĩʢϾֵλϵˡʶ֮ʿΪϣɾʹҵ
ôһˣ˵ննˣ˼С̫˾ˡ
֮ᣬܻżģڵɱ
˲ٰܲһ£˾ʵ֮
Ұ£ǰ֮еٮٮߡ
ĳ˵ʿеܲٻҪࡣ
Ǹ֮šǻϿɵġѧ˵£ٿһ͢Ǻһ
˲˵ɱɱ˵˷Ѳ˷ѵ飬бˣĳÿɲҹ塣
ŵҲһ㡣
۳۲ѧһ֮ԿΪ١
ðɣſҲܵˣҲϽˣһЩʿүԿ
ֱˣţ
֮ϸǳһš
ϧǣة࣬ȷϣͨķûܹģȴǱ棬Ϣ˳һķ
ǲ뵱٣û⣬ûš
ӵλء
ڲܲٺ˱ն׵飬ƼϢôע⡣
ϾŮˣٵֳ˹ȥʽ
ֻЩĻʾɵģ̾Ϣһ壬˼֮ģҲû֮ˣûмʲô
ΨһֵģƼĸ׻̫ؾʹ˶٣ҰӴ˳ʷ̨
Ȼ¸ʿ͸ԣϢʵĴɮһҹ顣
ҡҸĻͬʱҲȫʡ˼֡
ȻĳЩģվڷ˼⣬һŪ
꣬ľ賤ԪҲѱٳ¡
ǰ򵽰ƽ˫սһ

ӱϪɽˮɽׯ
ڳ÷籩ϯµͬʱӱԺʮʿӳشأׯݼɽ
ſӭȥ衣
۵ʿӼ˵ľĻ
ںţͨī׺ᱩ壬Ҵ½ٲκκΣͶԬϣݴս𣬶֮ء
һߴʿӴĭĽ
鼤ȻǼ𣬶ĳúгɼ
һ˸Ű˿֮ƣֲ̫Զûս֮ΣҿֹңӴΣܻᾡһ
ʿ̧ȥǰǸҸգ渽֮Эûתͷһʮĳӡ
˹ͥɣһͲİŵһЩ

ƽ˭ӱؽһЩʦ֮⣬Ҫۼӵܡ
˶֪ˬλ֮ţϰȴһġ
δϤȴףԸ࣬ѧšͨɷ
²Ͷˡ
οڳնףڹ˽Ҫһȷ̬ȡ
ǰԵһЩӱ縵ҡҵΪԴݣԺƣ˼ֵ̡ȻҲЩʫ鴫ҵƷȴʮֲεġ
ۣҲǰ취鼸ΣʦɽֹҲûֻƬﴫ¡£ô
˿ʵֱӰѸաЭһߡ
ҲԲգȻ֪֮ͬڴĿ
ʦİɣ˷룬ǰЩӵĳʣҲû˵Щڿһĵءɹǽ·һһ£۱˷Ƽ˵ҲδɡԬܡ֮ܿȫԹ˲ϾǰȥͶǣʵΪǡ
һ£𣿡
˲ǶҰԸѣȲе̬ȣΪ
ʮѧӿĿҲʮֹŹĵЩӵܿúܣľܣǶͶ͢ͷ˰ɣ
Ҳǲܡ
Ͼһһλˬ϶ڳ֮еŸ߹ء

һ˳𣬾ź«׹һھƣЦҿλˣõҵкθɣ׺ҲãҲգûдҵӣⲻǻһͰ㿴㿴һ֮߾Ϊ٣ãλߣͶЧ͢ùŻ
ҲŶ߰˸һ



1875 Ⱥڵ۹ѩģ£
ﺰɱʵƨûУֻͬѧ֮ôһЩ˼ʾİ˼Բͬ
ϵȨҺʮֲѺãǲ˳ģսɼҲǭװˡ
ԣЩ˼ңͲλةˣΪǱ׿Ҫбļһ
ܼ򵥣ƽ£ʤ֮ҺĺӾ͵ͷˡ
СϢ˵ĳͼıһԱĶ·䣬Ұͷ˰飬ⲻҪǮҪǶ˴ĸ
ѹȣзˣĳʵãЩϵة˾ħһ㣬˵ȫҧгݵġ
ʹޣ͡
ЩССĺѧӣʫ鴫ң֮⣬Ҳûʲôʧġ
ҵȨ֮ʱȻûлᣬʱͲͬˡ
ҲТԣðʿ˼̵ķչڳ͡
ܵù˼ɣȻͬѧϲ̫ÿˡ
ˮɽׯ֮ڣʱһԵ֮󣬺ܶ˾ֻǵͷ˼һԡ
ȵۻɢȥȥһ³ƣ˵ƾԼĲѧпܵõһְٰҫڡ
ֻǾһۣ̾
Լ屻նף˵ѹȻǼ٣ʱΣڵϦ͵ø¡
˻ԴʴʣԳöȨĲҡ
һһ˶ţĳַ
˵ʲôָͰԼŵ˻Ϸٿп۵˼壬㲻ɲ졣
Ӹ˼֮ʣһ׷ԲԵͷ˽һЦλ뵣Ҽүǰɽ˼ȥ˰;񣬲λ
ѧʮʧ䣬ͷֵλҲʧ䣬ү뿪֮ǰһţйϵµĽ𣬲˵
˵͵һż
˻࿴һۣӹŷ⣬չһƣͷһ̾ʦѧˣ֪˥ԵдҵȾʹɢȥɣǰ̡
£ֽ˵Сֻʼ̣ȻȻأǱĿΪӣΪ
ֽûʲôƪۣдúֱףȫⲻˡ
мŵĮ֪黳˾Ըʮϡ
⣬ȴǴһ⡣
˵õĴϭ£ʷ˵أ
ðɣǵȷˡ
Щÿ죬ȥҲ죬αþͲǱܹҲ²ˣ˵ȥӦ١
˵ûһЩͶĳñƴһ
ֻ˵Ե
ʷĳǰʱܿǰ·ʼȷĵ·֮ϵģϾֻǼţĳЩ˶
ˮ˾ȴһֶǡ
أˣԼĵһۡ
ۡ
һѪ³չǼֵͷǿ¹ڣḧ˸³̾СӢܰһϷȴʧˣ죬ʲô鶼ҸɡһʮͣΪһҵ²̾̾ȴû뿴ۡ
ˮɫ΢΢ҰܣȻ֮ԼƵ˫شλʵЩܲסˡ
ǶԱĳ
ùŹ֣֮Уӱɱˮ¼Ȼ볯֮С
ܹѭ׷ݣǧ֮ңԼģֻ˵ԨԼԶԶǶ֡
Աһݹ׾ĺ׷ͷְһҩͷҲ̧ĵ²ٲذգ仯޳һЩ£Ҳʲô˿˷ɽҪ´ǰءҷ˳ƣ˴οзˣԬ־裬ڼɣʲôɾʹµӡŪãͻͷˣø𡣡
ǰǻãֻⱻƣ١ֻҪȥǿģҲûʲôҪΪ£˾ͶˣϷֲιƽ£ֻԸ̵ӣȻȪһʳһưӡ
ˮ۹ƽͣǰרΪԼҩӵ¹̾ӹ¹Ų£ȴĹĶҲҲ
ҩͷ̧ͷͬӤ㾧Цƽ㣺̫ƽսңҵȾذӣ£ʲôã
Ӵģ´£ǽ̵֪ǡʳΪŴλǰ
ãȸ䡣
ɽ紵
ҩƮɽ룬ӹɽʮֵеʿ
һʮͷʿһھƣ䡣ͻȻ˳ӣ̧ɽֱ䣬ֹһóҩζ
ĳתȥɿ
үǲسǰиҹԼԾƵģѵȥ
سˣǵʲô˵ģûﶼѾ׼УôһǺǣʳֻѧһ֮ͿΪ١ȤҵҪʲô
Т㲥ݿԺԱ̸֮䣬ǵĳԼȴǼǵõġ
ţٴı£вŻʵҲϽţ֮ء
ʱΪȣϽ֮ǲϧҲϹŻ
ȻҪˣ񳤰ֱָ񲻿ɵ¾ûκһҳƱʤ
̫ƽǰô⡣
£Ȼǿƺ쳾ٻ˸ġ
ͷ׶̹ɣιƽҰĺʿӣܷʱ
۹ҪжҲҪ


1876 ³ϣ
սĹƽû̫ܵഴˡ
쵶İĳ֮£жξֻһغϾͱն£Ȼǳرգ糱ˮױ̲ӿУƿظҰݷҺǿ
İֺģЦݿ䣬֮ʱɱ˲ˣȴûжη
Ϊƽ֮󣬶԰޷£񣬿ַ
ȻʳǺṩˣ㲻С
֮ĵһ죬ڹƽľ¥һϯ뵱ļ塣
İԳˣֻǸҵ໹㲻ÿ壬ҪǮҲࡣ
ֻҪûвƽ̫صĵֿ͢Ϊ᳭ţֻҪһҲаĶҵͽ
ִ͢ʹͨ󣬻û֮ǰ˻˳С˭˭Ǹԣ˭˭գİһ
鱨ֱ֧֣ǰ޽ɡ
Щ桱ĴҴİʾϲˡʦ˵ˣȲҪս֮ǰʾöԷ鷢ӣ£һЩ
տʼʱİʲô˼˺ϲսʽ
ڣսǰרŹһЩСңɢ͢ں֮ڲһҥԡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʹҲˡ֮£͢ة˵ֱ׿Ҫб֡۾ҪɱˣҪţֱǾħ
£桱ֿҺȻͶˡ
Ͼ֮УŴǼݵؽ磬ЩҴֻͷԳĳ͢һҲϵġ
ϰأսǰôҪս˭ҲҪ˵Ψһֵÿǵľܲһڷԡ
һ㣬ճµĹߡ
һҪԱ
˹أȱĶ֣ȱٵʵֻȽĸеԼһЩʳӡ
ЩѲ
Ԫδ˾ũʱ򣬺һЩʵ¡̶̼ʱ䣬һʳѾ˷֮סһգ˵ʳԸ㡣
ȵջļһʮս꣬жݹӦǳء
һЩ֮ʿ˵Ԫط
һ˹˵ѧǵһһס
ǣܹռ˼䣬˱ʳյĺ֪ʶɱ
˭ˣԸı硣
һʷĹҲ޷赲ؽʻ򲻿֪ķ
˷չƶԴ˷磬ʲô¡
ճ˵ȴܹٶȻˡߵøԶӦԽκαʡ
ƾһ㣬Ҳ᲻ĴУ˭Ȱʹ
ΪӵİȻʦ˵ණ̫⣬С
ҡԱôûϵġ
һ͢ĸڣôӶΪ
İһֶ֮£ƽձΪͻˮȿ಻ԵľУû뵽һҹȫģ
̫̫ãȫš
ҺƺİΪħͷһ룬ΪóǲûȡһҲ㶼㲻
һЩֿļʧȥĲһҲĳңΪ಻ԡ
ǣƽİգȴϲλЦеӳƺΪЦӡ׺Ϳϲ
ʱ𾭹£ѾĵĴ˸ǳ֮УҶǵҰʷġ
İȡţҲӦ
ЦӣƺλιƽͰ
һ׷ͯգɰذֱͦ۷ͫŸµͷһȽóһ֮
ֹһ¶ɫ
ĹƽֲԵ̫ۣϸ΢ʪŵζڱǶˡ
˽߹̸֮мϲ⡣
ƼݵĺͯǱȥ룬ﻹţιʳˣιʳˣ졣

ڱ̫ͷǰĺͯһͷײ˵Ķϣ֮£һƨˤڵء
˲ʹһʱ䣬ͱͷ޺Ҳǹģҡ
˭ҪˣҺҪʹгǧҡǴɫ䣬ķС˵ȥೡ𣿲ôġο˵ˣʲôӦܷſƤԡӿذţȥһ顣
ɨеġСƺҲѾˣԼݵţ죬±˻
ͨ˵ηڸһµǣҪŬûطʳ
ʱƽҹ󣬸ض˾ʳϵҰеøɾˡ
˶úˣʯͷ鶼ԸԸ



1877 ³£
żͯϲصǶȥģлɡȫͬһȥ۰׷ͷվԭأĬһᣬ̧˫Ŀ֮ݵı̹΢΢׵Ļۣѽ֮Σѵ飿ָǴ£³
ߣֻǳزŻƴգƽլʺ񣿡ţͷΣ΢΢֮£Ȼѿ˵˳
ĺͣ½Ųͷò£ɫҴҡϴ֮ѵ֪İʳ֪ǣ粽̫ƽʢˡȻһЩ֪֮ͽһֱةˣ˵б񡣵ģ֪˲ն
նѵλةŵẠ̊́⵹Ȥˡô˵ԭĴɮȫùˣͷЦûһ㣬ƮȻߡ
ߵɣȻ죬ֻǼ֮䣬ѾԶʧڳ־ͷ
ºæ۽ǣЩԼǲǿۻǼ˹һǮһСᣬĵȥԵа
¿İ֮󣬽սʱ㽨裬ƽҲܺϼСˡ
ȻֻһССı䣬۴ĸ˵Щײոоء
ֻҪڿ죬ϸɻָӣܲԼһҹӵܡ
Ƕ㳡һ޴Ӫѱжͨ˴ӿȥ
Щ֮УҲǼҼûǣѵİʳû˻Ӷࡣ
ͷԶԶϡ棬ַһ֮¡
ЩվȻԶԷʮӡ
ǿ׳һЩģҲҼǰȥһۿȥ˺ͺӣܹõá
ʢ࣬Ȼܵһԣ̻ţҲ졣
ʮֱ̿գ֮£һ㴩Σ΢΢ů⡣
Ȼġͷ
ȼգ˳Աľ֮ʱҺĿںš
εºܣҿ˺ڣ

ʱԶһײˣײˡ
Զһƥ˴İ¹ӣæפ㣬ɫž֮ɫ
ǰ岽Զһũ˵ڵأа档
ȺѪԼ۽Ƿ׵ģ֪϶ǲˡ
ǹӣҪǻ
Աʶ깫ӵæֹƳǵ˴󹦣ϼҲƣʹǼӶڿظΪ٣뿤ش˹ϵá˵֮ײˣ㡭
˻û˵꣬ĿɿڴҲ˵ȥˡ
ǰŽӰ֣Ϊһȵˣʲô
һŮһ˵ûܾȻ׼ɣܾȻǮúͶһʱ䡭ҪҪһƽ
ҡǽ¹ӻعæɫɥ֣̿ɤӴ󺰣ȥˣȥҽ򡣲ҪϧǮؽ룬Ҫ
ȻŮ˵Ļŵˣ˳Ӧ£뿪ԶɪɪߵѪũԣֲҷֻһĵǮҶϣֻ£´ٲҵˡ
ԶԶİռһĻǼž
Ǿִʹˣ˵۹ƽʮλȫة̵ֽģȻĴòӡ
ǰЩҹײˣͣһ£ֱﳤȥƢԱģ᷵˼ҵûײˣҲǵñ޴ðſϸݣ㣿
۰׷ͷЦеļ˹ȥȤʵôʮŮӣƽʮЩҺ岻ô죿
ˣ˭˲ִ֪ʹ˵ȥεεģȴǳͽι֪ةû֮ǰܴӢ޹⣬˿ɿΪСЩʹֻҪˣֻˣͿԿܣ׿˵ġ
ȻһλʶġҲ֪Ϣ
Ļһ˵Աȫͷƺû١
ͷˣ˫۱̹λʹȥʹֱ조ǧͫ
һȥƤ΢飬Ҳζһ£ȫڵ磬ǰΪ׵Ů޾ʵңͬһԴӦֹȻͬͣټĳЩǿ󷨣࿹Ⲣ¡
ͷϸΪŮӶȻӦ͵ĻͷĿ硣



1878 ̳ϣ
ͷæ⣬ϴЦݣǰʦܰʦܣһοҴ˶֡ʦ徻Ϊ;ϣһλܸϵüһ档
ˣͳһΣϣܸһɡǧذת߹Ѿλʹǰ˸ףû˵ŮӾͿˡ
֪кμ̣
Ůḣһݶ˷ü֮ȴɭɭɱ֮⣬˲ҰС
ͷЦϵ֮ͨλֵܴʱأڸѪȵǰʩȣѾԡ
ܵõԮ֣Ȼ֮ã롭
ŮɫһůչЦǷĵĸˡ
ϵһݣһִʹŮޣȻȡ΢֪֪򳤰λةǺεػ
Ҳ飬ڣֻ΢΢ֽӡָ䷺ԣ͹ճһ
ԽԽڰɢҫ۹âϵһӣũϡ
ȿȡ
ũģԳˢɫתΪһµϲڵûûһҪȥŮˡ
뵽ɫֽ˶ǰϵл
ɣ
ɣǰһ;Ȼбµĸˡةĺʿ̫ƽұ֮
ԶԣȻǳɡ
Χ۰պȻ󻩣
ͷƤ˳飬оԼƺΪ˼ѡ
΢΢ЦҲû̫⣬ֻתͷϷ֪ɻýĿһǧҷҲûпȡ֮ء
ҵƺСŮӽѧ²ʦһȻȼ硣ŮЦģ΢յԮ֮£һʦ𣬲֪δУҵȶ£л
ͲˣֻǾ֮ͣǹңϵһͷµһתоʮֲڡ
ãԷиʦ𣬶ʮٱ϶λָˡѵʲôŴɣʦܰʦܣˡ
ϵﰧ̾ȥһһҲ
СӽһĿͶԷȥ
۹ϵ߹ĵط
Ǳͷ󲽶У磬֮ȥԶˡǣϸ鳾֮ûвӡ
㳾
ջ磬¶ȱ£ΪǾ棬ʾã

޽ةฮռĶȣ»лɼҶ
⵱ȻѩŮֲٰġ
³̻ƴ֣Ϊʦ˼ﻹܲݼĲٳִ
ƽʳᾫڲϸ
ӰɱģﾡС
ѩŮ֪ԼʦӣԺ쳾֮´ɻ䡣
ʱҲ룬Ըʵ̫ʺ֪ΪΣֻˡ
ȪɽȪϼǺԶˣȴδ̫塣
޳˳ϣչӣкȤԣ
ʦá
ĿģʵɣɽУһС
Ϊ˸õԶĸ
Ϊ̬ܱ̬ϣԶȡɡ
һϮȹʮָԾ羫㵯ĲѩŮ˼ҲһЩһ˿⣬ƽϢ
ʦѵдӵǲҪЩˡµӷͣ£û̫飬ٶˣҵҲܽӵ
˴죬ɽϪȪڼɽ̨֮ͤ䡭
ɫˮţƬ԰֮䣬ԾϸС첨ˡ
ճбڵ棬һ۷紵΢΢չ˫΢գԵü̹ɢ
û裬һ챡ɴŮȹװħ߾һ΢΢Ťſճ֮ϡ
һϺɫĹ£Ө׹⣬ιة
Ͽӱ֦ڳǸʹƷ
λµĴŮӣʱһĳСŮ
ʱʱЩɬƺĳЩԵ飬Ͼͷö綼ɢͷ⡣
ʱԭƶգ꼴ֱֱſѧ赸յӡڵȻľӣȴҲܲ˵ˡ
ʱѺ֮Ѿע³ңĵûзֻƽĽ
˳֡



1879 ̳£
壬ǵŮʵûд̫ġ
˵Ůƽ̵һףȴ¥ֶΡ
̵ҲǴ¥֮ĵʦ̵˼ˡ
֪жٸ顣
ֻͷʲôݣʲô뷨һС
͸ǸֻõӣҲн֮ôƣôһӭԼʹ
⣬׿Ǩ֮Ȩǣѹ£ͻᱻѹĳʴ£衣
һѡɾȳɱȨӴຣ
ʵϣȴຣ
ӣȻǵ롢սյ¡
Ǹɾ뱻նɱڰ¥ϣ֮ȻָĳһԱ佫սƷ档
һذȶգȥҲõ껪кɣٲʱա
ÿһˣŮؿġǽһ·ֵ㡣
·ʱµܱȾɵĺã£ϵ̸жôӾˡ
Ϊһ׸˵ةࡣŹֵȴûоúѶգЩС
в΢˫ĿϸףһƬƽ
鵽ϣҲǻ£ͷվһ¡
š
ѩŮѪԪʲôõϢ
ճȻ˫Ŀ԰֮һһݣˮľ̨ͤ˵ָơ
񵭡ĳѩŮľᡣ
ѩŮһŲأĽ࣬ճףε¼»Сˡ
ȻҲ鲻ֻЩѣ벻͸
֪ѩŮԸһ¶Լʹˣֻº㱨
Ͼɼʿ˼ԣҲû׹ٳһЩªϰ
ճֻʽβ⣬ῼǲѾԼȨ
ʵϣµӣҲûɵжģֻҪڳ칬мʶճ챾ĵӣɵĶ֪ôȷġ
οܸӦѩŮ޵ĸǸмǡ
ôദˣκη֮ġ
˼ͬճҪֻˣΪλ
ֻҪΰܹãܰԼȫˣճֵһֱУȥǧͷĳ¡
ıǳѱȨ
ﵽһĸ߶ȣЩֿɵãҲͲֵ̫ϧˡ
ѩŮŵı˳԰ˣſǿ֮ϣﰵһڡĵʦǧãһ̫ã컯֮µģҲעһ
Ҫ֪˼ҲѼһԵأͲעһӰ졣
벻ӵұˣ
ϸһ£ڳ칬֮ʱʦʦʥҲǴӲ˼ɱ˵۹⣬ԵúܣҲȻˡ
֮ʿ֮ˣԲĿ
ʦ𣬹趹ȻˣѶϹȣһԱǹС쳣ԼҲĮ֮ء
ѩŮ˶񣬰֮ع趵һһʱ
ԭһս֮Ԭȫȡݣ㣬ǡȴǱԬܸһ͵ɷʴ˰ס
۽һʱȥ˽ȡ֮ġ
ˣݣʱ֮ڲͼıԭء
ֻŹǮǿԬ֮ء
ȴûϵҪؿڣԭѾϢģֻܶڲԭʱ˿ʼ˶Ȼܱߡ
ңҲ֪ΪΣڻūҲͬһʱӦʮ򣬰鹥ϹȡͻϮһս֣ɱù˱ֱ˵ݸزֹסơ
Ϲˮ֮С
˵ЩＫײб壬Ȼһ̬Ϊʳо𣬸ЯݣߵԵġһ֮䣬ʳǧ
һ
ճһȻվ
ѩŮ鱨š
Ϊ򡯣ɱɣôô졣
ǣֻڶĩκϱʱڣм仹źöأʷҲû˵ʱĺʲôﰡ
ܴƺ
бΡ
˵ʱ֮Уһ֧ºڼסղ¶ĿıԼа˰֮ڡЩ˵ǹ룬ӼҰչ趵İӣֻӣһսȫûֻ˼ƥ
ѩŮɭȻֵʦעİǹСҲȷ˵ãڶԷڼԱ󽫵Χ֮Уܻùӵһͬ졣֪ı²٣ǹܻûɱУǹƷâʢ
Ŷʲô
񳯷һֻ׷ѩŮ̾
ܻûε֣ʵǼġ
Ȼˣ
ճḧʰġ
ԼаƴСɢӨӨ׹⣬ǵɽĴɮ֮ʱģ벻칦Ч
̧ͷԶĳ֮еǹ
ǹڲٰܲɱ˸߽߳ȻǼǿǹ֮ս֮־áճжУڹŶ֮ϡ
ֻȻȲŶˣŲûнٹҵһ˵ǲҵҲȻ
ʱո¶ͷǣû뵽ȴڹ¡
ҲҺؽ磬򣬺˲£ܵʱԭأһƬ
ڼסĪǼ֮ص˺֮У粻պõȵ±ĳݴսڼĵڣͻϮ˵ûйŹ֣Сš
ճվ΢΢˼ʵѩŮԭأзͽ٣
Ĵɮ֮ճΪӭɽʤķҵȾǲòС˷ء
ʱһʽ
Щ鲢ǵһжǻۣ⡣



1880 ˭Ǻ֣ϣ
ݷıܶȻûƿУȴǲЩû˰գþ
ճ΢΢Ҳ˲ٷ绨ѩ¡
ɫһࣺԳѩŮһµӣָɣسܱ֤ƽ𣿡
Եģүʦǣ϶ѾԶ֣ȶ½½ļ±ҹ˵սǿֻάΰǳأȻ㹻
ʵϣЩһֱѩŮڲٳֳ͹͢ЩзȨ
ǾͺãҴٵҹԮݣ˲ʣ󡣹ʵһĽţҲġ
ȻԼµĽճѾҲԼĵ̣ЩȻ
˵üëƺ뵽ʲôתͷ˵ҽãһ㱻ةฮУ˵θ룿
һæˣıƣֻǳһ裬δ̸δӴǴ˲ţңҡ
£ֲǻʲôճҡҡͷݲҵȻµúˡﰵ̾Ů˾㲻š
ܻϧҸǲÿأֻǱŪ˼³ĻǺҡ
˲ͬƮݵľŮˡ
ĸһ¶Է㷢ǲŹϵͿһˡǣȵĹ۸Σ᲻᲻ıǼˣӶ˷˼
ճ̬ЩෲˣͨȻû̫Ͼǲϲ֡
ʵǿһΣҲⷽ磬۹ˣ뷨Щͬ
ΪԼ˼ͻһȷ
ͬʱ벻ͨЩʲô
Ǽһʱ͵͵һ¹ײ̬ҪȴʲôƵġ
ÿν飬ҲȻǣС椵˼ǲĴ򿪣Լܻһֵ롣
ھ£ǲţȥճҲ֮͸ܿ͸ģ˲ϢǧŮ˼ҲֻͽκΡ
Ҳˡ
˳˳ԾʷǸĴ壬ĴŮͬ
һĿСŮˡ
Ҫʵ̫ߡ
ֻԸȣƽɹһ㹻ˡ
á
ճĸ״ӳ˻ư֮һ±ᣬһģϧ
뵽ճֶʵΪЩ
ΪȨƻΪ룬ЩֶΡ
ʹ˼ƣı˲ȥ£ˣ˲÷ѣַȫСо
ȨıһףۼأȷŲϺŵġ
ԭУ׿϶൱֮
ˣȲᰲؼʱ־ԶɽһԻʱ;ĽύʷҵſͣͼõϽᡣԭʱΪˣһץ˼ˣһСʷԭУֱΪȫ¶֪ˡ
˵Щδ˵ճȴѾˡ
ϽĵȻǺõģǲֶΡ̰ĲͲ̫ˡ
Ǹʲôְأ
ԭѹƻãӺʱĹƾͿԿó
δ붡ԭ֮ʱһԻСڿһЭϣõʽƣŵʮǧ
ԭֱӾͰΪ쵼Ͱ칫Ρ
ְλǸǵͣʵҪ١
ԭΪǧʯĲݴʷ൱ڵĸ߹١
Ϊ߹ʡ칫ΣʱĹְǸʯȨӦǧʯҡ
ҲĴʷݺ䡣
˵ǳ˵ô˵ͿأĸҲ˰ɡ
ġ
˺׿һ˵ԳúͻƽˣŵԺ
Ҳ룬ͺȻնɱԭͶ˶׿ݶԷΪ常
ȫԿʲôˡ
ºʵ֮£ͻϮնɱ׿ʮ·˾ûɵĴ󹦣˵ʷ֮һʣƷֱǳ˴֡
˵̰ơɫıˡ
׻Σ
ճҲƾԼܲȥжһˣ˵ʵڵģǱȽϧţ򲻵ѲԸնɱϰš
ԼŬã̳ôЩӣԪسǰ޻ۣɾ;ˣҲֻѩŮһ˴ﵽʱĳɾ͡
⻹Ǻ˲ٱҩ
ϣܶԵΰɡ
뵽ǧǴǰ棬ճйâһתѩŮЦ˺֣ɱ¾֮⡣û´ӦҪ
үʲô¶ƭ۾
ѩŮһ㶣ת۾ЦĵһεǺˣǰãӶڡϵƽȵشϢ˵һ׷۵ϵʿһ·ǰݣ·Ϊ¶һЩ¡
ջУһβı£ʮ˵áֻǵһʲôĲʹƶӦֶ⣬˳Ϊɡ



1881 ˭Ǻ֣£
۰׷֪˭ˣ
ճһ
һȣͱģ
ЩЩ£ԼδδţؾΪʱƴ䣬Ҳͬˡ
ⲻʲôţðˡ
Ҳ֪˵ǵѣ
ϵʿȻݷ򣬾Ͳ⡣
Ԭܴǿ󣬴ʱѾۼ˶ʮǰϢ˵ƺԬҼĴи
֪λϵʿǷԬԸԪ˾Ͳɲ
ճȻʵǿʲκˣǣҲκˡ
ھݽ֮£赭дСٿջ϶ͨĽʿ֮
ֻѾ¶ֶΣ۰׷ϵʿѱڼҪࡣ
Ҫ֪ڼҪ񣬻Ҫˮ
ڼֵıǺ绽ꡢû壬ܹһ
У˲ϢٿջֵֶΣǲúԶ
ûⲻֵ֪ϵӦþڵŴˣϣ뵽սС
ѩŮƺû뵽еֻ֮ǵԼʦ𣬲ΪʲôӰ쵽´ơ
ϵʿֻһ죬˵
ʱԭسһЩɮ˵Ӱӣĵط˽Ѱգ֮Сң·񸯳ʬ壬ֹ߲
ѩŮЦֵǣЩɮȫرºֻǿзţ˷ȥ˿ۼ
ճһƣ̾Ͷˣ¸תˮǸ·緶ˣչյĴɮڼжһЩá塢Ŵϴ밵Ĵ˼ɣҴĵĹȻ볯͢ԡҲ͹ˡ
룬һףڵϣ˻ţͻȻ
ڣë裬߰ļУȫɢӨӨ
˫ͬ챦ʯ㾧ӨУŵѹ
ѪͣȣȴһֵøУͬӻ߳һ㣬ʵ֮䡣
ʲô񿥣ǳҪһЩ
۾ֱ̾
е٣߹Ҳ£ȥƥϳͬʵëоǷݹ⻬
óҲлϲ
Ȼ񿥣˵ΪȻȴԣơմԾԭԵĿɲǴ澭һķġ
ճЦŵ
ȻսƷˣµԾҲǴ˷µɳŻ
˵˾һ
ĴɮͻϮҪճһͳ¡ȫȡ˵Ĵƣɽѷħǣ˥֮Ը
ʵϣɮΪĹֻһ棬һҪԭƥ
ʱΪѷħ۴ڵģƵĳվǷܳܡ
ɮ֮ճһֳֳôһ쳾ʮԼҲʹá
ճȻĲԷžҲ̫˽⣬԰ռ˺ܴ̣ռ֮
ģʽϵҲż֮
˵߶֮⡭ֹܼΪʵãȻĴ޸Դܵʲô
ԤԤϣһ׼Ǻõġ
ΪӰڻ԰˻һͷ˹ճĲӣȻ˦βһԾͳةฮ԰
˻죬׹ţ֮仯ΪһӰʧߡ
ֱȥˡ
ÿ
һЩĽϲôҲڲס
ѼҲϲ´үȥ硣
ѩŮȤЦһ
үһǸʲôɡʾһۣ̻ᷭػ
ˣ𳳣أôﶼУͦģʱҿ԰ȫš
ޣ
Ůתìͷһһ
ûûСģճѩŮһۡ
òˣСȸһҲˣͽܹܰһ
Цȥ죬ż˴ǹལģȴŵܰʣһʱֻ£ҹɫʮˡ
˵Ц˵Ц»Ҫġ
ճֻⶣ˼䣬ټ֡
ȵɫףŮѾЯøʳˮ׼¼׳ƴ
ճҲ飬û֪ͨһֱţﳤȥ
Ŀֱָ֮ء
ϹʱҲԣȫΣڵϦȻɱûʲô˵ġ
ܴµԷΪǱźֲٿأҪֶν
þԼ
ս֣ԼѾãǱԱ󽫡׼ͣ
ǱһЩ֡
ܴ䣬ֻ˵ˡ
ϣֻɺϰɡճϣִʹӡ
ȥ泯Ѫűɱ֮
ԬᣬӦҲˡس͹ıһʱҲãսֶֻܽˡ¾ǣһȫɵúˡ
ճһ˿⣬ɡ
۵糸ӹɽ룬СϪ֮ŵתٶȿʮ־ˡ
ҲճԳֵԭڡ
˵߹ƥ棬һ֧ʱԵӵٶȡ
һһսַʣܳϦ֮ϵþˡ
һ֧޼᲻ݵ
ѣһ


1882 滨ǹϣ
ճһӱޣʱճһ·ɽԾˮɺӣ˺Ӷƽӿ
Ƕʱǿ˲ݵؽ硣
ǧʱǲġ
ճ֮УΪǣ˵ԦȻԳ֮
·;֮˺ܶȦȦû̫·ߣʱҪʯǵٶȻò˼顣
ٵӳ֮£º֮ˮնϡ
ӿȣü۷ŹڶŮӣճ΢΢һЦʵҪЪϢǳŵס𣿡
ʦ˼ҿɲҪ̫˭ִ֪ʹڣࣿڶǼսԪҲǵĶ֡
˵Ľϧʮ꣬Լһװˣȡ
λŮΪӢ䣬һͦñֱü۷ɱڵģʵڽü
ճѾЩλŮӵˣ̫ã֪ʱա
ֻǵõʥʱ̾˵Ů֮Ȼˮ֮ţΪս´Ļҵ
ΪϧԾȡһϧΪ
ǵɽŮ֮ô⣬ʥ֪˱ŮսҪܹ࣬˯һͬһƬ
ĸĸһ֧ӵսǼкôġ
Ůǲͬ˶Ϊ죬ϣҲⲻ˻ʿд
ʱܻ
ò˵ʥﻹżҰġ
Ȼ˱̶̲Ҫռ̣ǣڶ֮ݾӣܻʱʱΪ칬
ճѹţʹӶĵϣ¼Գ
Ϊԭ򣬶˲ŵӣʥճҪĶˡ
ϧҲǼΪѩŮҲ䵽ȥѵ۷壬ѩŮұۡ
ѩŮִƿڵӵ鱨Լֹģʦҵи
淢ֲ֮ȻԼʱϧ֡
ϲմ˵˵̫ѪͬŵӣҲһЩ
λȻһͿֵȴǺý
ǿԣʵôʺϵģװһȺִʹķȥ
ˣϧԣʱһԱŮ
ͬ׺ڣʵദڲ֮䣬ȴһδЦôһڼСá
ǲٳֶ칬䡢ܵ졣ϧ顢ִɵЩͬ
˷ֹ󺺳鱨Ӫܲ͸磬Ϊճʡ顣
ʦһ˵һһҹ·̲Ϣʮ£ҲܳŵԲԣ
ü£һ͸Ž˼žһճȴֻ֪һּ
ţλŮӿʮ߰꣬ʵҲ٣ʵϺˡ
νӣȻǧƳҩˡ
칬ڶ̶̲ʱ䣬Ϊͬ˹һķһΪɱ˵˵ԭһ棬ճƹԵ踨ˡ
һҩҲܴܽʡ굽ʮвȣҪ
ǣڵȴʵ챦ҩ
ϧǣǲ׻á
ľͻռÿڳִҵģͻһЩ
ԣ鱨ִʹʵͦϲġ
ÿһ̣š
Ӫһһһصִ٣ΪִͨԱƱȨҲ֡
Ⱦͻάһ³ɫ
ҩ˵һֱͻףҩûƿһֱﵽ׳ôҲΪ
ȻҪʶף֪Ҫ϶ٿŲܳɾˡ
һ㣬ճȴ֪ģҪԵٿš
һǧҵ
Ȼ
һһιӣ˭Ҳӣ
ҲǲãԵв£ǲɵġ
һҩΪΪһ㣬һҪϸ
ĻһǿΪû㹻ľΪơսﲻ۷壬ҺױһЩСֶθɵǶԼ档
ӣ˵纣˴߷֮£˾תתս֮ǿ˵ɽ硢ЩУҲʲô֡
ˣȴʧ֮ϸ壬Σʲôȫû
칬һսȻɵз֮ȥԸɵ
һҵڶ
ԣӵ뷨ԼƽġԼϴ£û˭κεԼ
Ͳһ˵˼ά
ΨһĽ;ˣΪʵӰ쵽ӴԺ֮У̫ѡ
ܲá
ԣΪ̫죬ȥ㹻ĴۺͼѣͻġĲԦ
һ㣬ճ֪ġ



1883 滨ǹ£
ճӸһ·ÿһʵöʮּѡ
˵ĵ˶ǿ󡭡
ʵһ¡
ֱҪһЩеѹΣ
ѹ֮£ΨһƾַΪԪ񾳽øǿ
˼㯣ƳһΣա
ȻϣԼĵӣҪһеĻ䡣̣ҲҪѧһ㣬࣬ƾʵһƬء
ɡ
ڵϵ㽺ͿճЦˣ˵˰ɣһιжȷѵõĻᡣǣܷýͣÿǵıܷ֡ɱнҷشõĵӣͻõûйѫģʲô衢ϵڵġ
ʲôϵʦˡ
һգۣЦüۣ˷ܵСͨ졣
͵Ļ˻ۣµûǣ˭˺ȣʦ𲻸ˣֱСҩȫûգչȥ
ȥͱˣҩ軹ʦ£ʲôˣ˼֮ĩ˭˭͵ȫӲ۾û˭ĵҩȥ
һȺûļһһͿƺʧ䣬еο
ճֱ̾ϢôһӾ̣Ǳܲٺ˿ȻΪԼʧķ衣
Ԭ£һʲôǵС٣ǧԪսɱҡͷʧЦ
ӢۣΨʹٶеʹôգʵΪԼˡ
޲Ǹ֮ۡʱѾʬ纮ܼҲˡ
δκʵۣʧʷĳ֮С
뵽ֲĶһЩӢۼ֮С
ָıʷնɱʷ˵ĸоȻˬʱҲδЩסɷ羰ˡ

ٴγһ˿ʱճ͵һ֮
źҽ֮Ȼ졣
Զ֮Уͳһ޴ǽ
ڻ𣬿֨֨
һŸͷͷϴŹӧΰһͷͬףһԱ佫
佫ʱʮǱ
ͷţҪһѪʹ
ɫҰֽл͸žδ
˵ˡ
⻹Ǵİ
λڹ⣬εʱڻūȺѣֻϢİʱɥʦճɵð̾
ɨƽ棬һͳʵۣѳ˹̡
һΣճλ֮ʱǿ粻һ
һ֮еսҲһָ⻹ûмݵ̵ı
ˣ׿ʱҲݡ
ֻһ¹ôԬܵ
ܴ򣬼û̫ᣬͰתͷݡ
ºԬ֮ܵ£ͼıݡ
û뵽ƣܶ
˰̣Ҳû̫ġ
ǿһս֮Ӳƴ˿Ԭܡ
ʵϣԬܵսںܳһʱ֮ռϷġ
ʱףճĽ֡
ʱ˿̣Ԭܵĵٲݹǳ͢
λ趣ȴӭ˺֡
ʷģȫǡ
һֱõںϦҲ֪λڻУξ׷ʲô裬Ȼϧ󺺹ְʱһʩ
ңϵڲԭ㣬ڵūڷҲݣֱָݣıӵһ㡣
ջģҲѵֵеģʱ̴ʯµĶܡ
һＯʱĽݡġսΪУֱϹȡ
һ·񣬲ɵֵ
һ·һ·ӣ˴󲿷ֱֵ̣ӵſûֹסơ
ڣʱڽû׷ֻūڷһң׷λƨ
ճüͷ䣬ֻʣˣ²ӵɽҰǣŵѲˡ
˵õʮأȻʮһܵҡһ㣬λ۾ݵĴСֵ˵ĸɳǣʱѾҪΪȥʽˡ
䣡
һֽ
ͬһӹū乭бָɻȣŵ֮죬öĤ
ʹ
һ𣬾ͼһʿģŶ꣬еĳǰһ⡣
֧һͱնأľмɽꡣ
ݼХУߵһЩͬڵţͬһƬء
趱ӵİҲ˼֧һ˻𣬲ˤڵء
￬
趴ӣкᣬХһ
ͼԱʿģ죬ֻǵ˼겻Ϣʱ䣬Ȼûںڳ֮С
Բ˫Ŀϲ֧ͬһͬԵȻƬƬҡ
ʹߣ˵ȣҶϺ󡣡
ЪһԱǹ죬ҧһתͷβūȥ
ϼ£ǰһƬꡣ
ؾֻǻʹһʹ̤ţһͷ˹س֮ڡ
ڹʿĻУؾŭűһƬ˴⬡
һƬƬȻأѪȡ
׷趵ʵֻ࣬ǧˣūʵǣסˣ
ХУǧǧĻƬƬš
ǹâͬ䡣
Ѫɽ׹Ⱥˡ
ͻȻ䣬ȸ֨֨Уǰ죬
ͼɫɣ¡¡ǰʮ׷ɡ
ŭУˮӿϣŰ׹âûڡ
滨ǹϰ񳯷ﱬܡҲûȫˡϧ¾ս̫࣬ôȥվǻ߶
˴趾Ȼģʵʢ֮£ʵѷ
ճҡҡͷһĳꪳУͬ̽׳



1884 ݿࣨϣ
ƬƬū˴նɱڵأһƬ֮źȾ
Ƭ׹ɢֱˮĳԭأ֮£ԼһԱسɱס˴ǰеĵ·
ɱΧģǣΪ˵ס׷ֻɱԸ뿪̫ԶһƬͬ滨ʢǹĻϧ˽г˵ʦ𣬵ԸΪǰ棬նɱū
ָλڴ󷽣߸ߵĽɫ֮µ׹ͷӡ
ԼĪʮ꣬Ŵ쳤ۡɫ緢Ļֱۣš
һྫ糱ˮһΧмĨ׹ͻ
ԶͷɢűŸеñӡ䵶ţǽȥ
׷ǧԭˣʲôʱūҲ˵ճ
һ꣬Į֮أǾһսкǿû뵽û꣬Ȼ˥ˡ
ȥū壬˸͸ҿܱߡ
أūҲ˵ʱͻȻͱǿֻǶ˶ݡ
Ƭأûж
춷ޱϧȥɣִͬ
ճŭܵʮһҾˣʧѵõһԱ󽫣ҿȹҪҪˡ
ճһǹĻ֮⣬ԱţڽȴǣƵĴ󲿷עǾݴеĶһŻǱأʱ¶
͸ŨѪ֮ȻʵĻֺϢѹţʱǿϢôô

Žգ˳¥ǰմǵѪ¼š
ɫʹĿһԼԱ󽫵µĵطصִ˼ΰ˼֡
һεĻʵ̫
ʮ߰ˣңԼһֱ߸ĹӵܣЩõܣҲøɾ
Ա治ǹǿСҲҪ󳾣Χū֮С
ۼܾۼıԽԽ࣬Ǻˡ
ԶкѹѹһƬݺգԷһǰҪǿйء
֣סˣ绻ѣӶ롣ɽڣûա
˵ǳ룬ʵܣ⻰ҲֻдС֮ʱ͸ڹߵĴӵܹﷶ˵ۼòԣ͸ϵŹأںûеʱȾӪһ·
ﻹʲôɽˡĶˣЩﷶȷõΪʲôֺܲģ
ӵݡûĹ趻µİ
ûˣԺֽȥδӣ
ףʲôˣ
ǰʧ䣬趲ûз֣սһ಻Զɽ·֮ϣһ
ʱվڳ¥֮ϣͷȺֻԼ˶ͣûػضܣֱӻһУֱֱ֮С
ֳӣķôƣﷶ
Ȼһ֧ƫʦϵˣ򳤰ЮӦҪ뼽Ԭܽɡ
һʱĿɿڴĵһ˿뵽ԼĴֳȥ
ֻͨҲûʲôǣ滹һЩǾʮѪײУϵҲԸ˰ɡ

ճܿͼʶǾʲôˡ
񱼣ʮ棬ţһֱսڡ
ûϵͼһʽո˥ԱڼｫȻǰ壬ͬһ˴Һı˵ĺһƬѪ֮УצӰ磬Ƽȥ
צ˺һƬѺۣڵ滨ǹ֮ǿͦ
ꡭ
ƺһؼ״ͶһѪۡ
Աڼ׺ХһҲͬʱѪ
ڼ鴦ճС
Ƶǹâ˶֣ȴҲû˵Ҫ
ǹдڶϣһڹⲨƳ֣˿ڻûü͸ͻ˿
ǱƤ紦ֻһЩѪѪ䶯տڣҳë
䱻ȥȴǸ׺ݡ
ϡ
糱һūӿϲλ
ճǿˣЩһȷһЩϰԣҲ֪ѧԺ̬
ǿ֮⣬͸ûʲô̫
ʵ⼸Ҳֻǰңƶ֡
һϾͻڱ滨ǹ¡
ǣΧ֮Уȴܹ鷳
ʴһ֮Ե΢΢ãض๥٣ǹĻ֪ľСࡣ
ֻСҲһˮ㣿ճꪷбָսѪɫһףٳ̣һؽȻն



1885 ݿࣨ£
ͬѲıնһɫռ϶
״âԱڼ׺һ
һϸ΢˿汬䣬һƬƬĺԶûһ˴㵹ڵء
ЩʱյռճؼԪ
ƿǵӦ֡ھݽѹ֮£Ҳ׻ƿռ䣬ΪС
ȥ룬ûгɼ״乥ȴǲԾ㡣
ǿֻҪóһԶֵͨܵ
ǰΧƹݵһճ֮ꪷ£ֽͬһ㽦һѪˣ̼䱻Ƭ
ڿռ޼᲻ݣͬһֱɱǰ
Ǳ滨ǹǹâէԣâһ壬صһͱ鿪
һȫ亹ͳˡ
ǿҪʹ񳯷ȴǰӰһɢѷ츧ƽâɢ໬˿ȥ
ǰһֱں֮еԱڼ׽죬ʱѾֳأʬһ顭
ն֮ûѪ䶯ظ
ǵĿѾɷǹŹ֡
촽͹ȮϺëǣѾ͡

ԣɻս
һ
̧ͷȥͼһ̤аʮӿɱ̲ˣҾѡ
ôһսϾͳһƬհ֮ء
ΪһִꪣϽһɺϢ
񣬰½ꪡ
΢΢㱣˽ʱ쳹µĴšǸιطǧ׷ն׿ƽѣѹµ޵

ңӦýةࡣճЦӡͦġ
λ͸ͨͥũӵһ㣬Ļ壬ս͡
ûʲôӣսֻ£Ӳ⡣
ҪǣǶˣȻᾡľĸֱ졣
Ľ죬һͳߣʮϲġ
һշ͵ڵõһ׷Ķ֡
ҪǣͲֻʮ߰ģȻҴǹ֮ϣȴԶԶûдﵽ۷״̬
ֻҪúżĽǰ
֮󣬲μսֻǴһСԵɺ֮¾˹һչ˼侫΢ǹ˵ٳͷ
ȻʱȻһԱ²ûͳ
ɴ˿֪ôŶ㲻ϡ
ּҾ֮£Ȼ˱£Դ㹻أ᲻ᳬľ磿
гһջΪԼ¡
ճԽԽϲֱֻˡ
ͬǼһǿǿˣȴʱʱ䷴ɣҰ̫
ҲͬڹŷɵˣԸ񶼼߰ײ÷ˡ
ңҲѾɱ޵֡
ɱշˡ
ǰͬ趻δʩԶ壬ȻЩڶԱʳ΢ԹԱ۹⣬δֱγŴ󽫡
ҪĻǣԼΪة࣬ϵһ֮£ʵϵ书ҵһԿɾ
ңԼŻʺͳ趼˶Ҫһ񡣴ʱ˿̣ճһ仰λݴʷһְ˾û˵ϻ
ǣҲԬһֱӲϳҳ͢ͳΡ

ûԬͷҲͶ֮ôġ
Щ˼ֻԺʯӹ
滶ϲżѿ˵ԭةԮǻۡŰݰˮ𣬴ʱԮҲ׷ˣɱС
š
ճָһһССƿ˹ȥ¡
ƽҿƿǣͼһԲҩ裬˱Ƕǵ㡣֮һѪҺУ΢΢һЩ
ҩѵǴ˵еɵҩ
ϰ֮ˣǴﵽĸ֣ҩȻűʶ
ƴ󲿷ʱɽϰ䣬˲ҩ
ʱֻǿһۣ֪ѵõıʲôǧ˲Ρڣ硣
̫˰ɡɻ̧ͷϿҵƲʲô硭
Ťʲôͷ˰ɣָʵǣҶɱǽء
лˡ
ƹˬֱúܣһͰѵ¸С
ͼӰָϢֹЪһ·ǣ֡
ҩɢоԼʢʱڻҪǿһЩͨ񾳣ҲһЩ
ɫϲǹԾԾԣūɱ
ǰһֱΧһ
ߣɱС
½֣ͷĻ޵֮ճʲôĹڼˡ
һ̣׳־ȫֻǴڹǽǶϣꪷ浶âͬūʡس̼ΣĴǰ˻
춷ͷβûκĵֿ
ƺǰֻǸľ֮ҲǼ١
ͨʿһնɱ֮󣬹Ͷ
ߣս²ӭةء
足˵漴Ŷ

¶ʮһգ磬ةʾǧԮŹūյʱ־䲿
¶ʮգɱУξ죬նʱĽݹ飬䲿ˮ˳ࡣ
¶ʮգɱ˰ٺϹȣʱ˧ܼ죬նɲ֧
û룬ಿԭִʹǧ׷Ϯɱ

ҹճվϹȹ¥ϣԸơϧˡ
ִʹȴڳæµţ£ؽ
ЩҲȫնɱ¡
һЩͶͷΪūսƣҪֵġ
Щ˵£鷳ǣܻһЩЩײѪһСǴԭʱҡ
һ£ֵݣĲúءЩԥճЦõĹ趣ȻɥʦôЩֿҲйôҲһְȥְ͢
Ϊʲôѡң𵴣дż
ʵúãΪ㲻ʧġճļҲֻͣǿ򼫶Զ
Ƕҡ䣬һư׹׹ƽҰ
һλȴɱֱβҡҷǴŹâ
ͻվ棬سɵòȻ֣ݡֱ棬ȻҲŲ˶ˡ
ϧ񿴲ֻԺţЩϲ⡣
һڽɽ֣ǣ¹֮ղԶˡ
ϧһӣֻǳĬš񣬷ҪʸʦԬأûǲͶˣ
ﲻÿһĿ£һֱʾֻڵų緢ҹͬʱ֣Ͽ¡
ճ˵ݷλ̾ϢһȽѣϧһԱҲ֪Ԭܸʲô



1886 ͼϣ
ƽɽ£ϡ
ɫ¼ʮͬһ㣬ǰ
ԵľԬܶʮԬḧ룬Ӻݣ޼ʵľʮ⡣
սаգ
ɱʤϵļ֮£ʿ佫죬ܽɽ֮ƽԪĴҪ֮ʦսҰȴ֪սʤ֪֪ˣ䶨ˡ
ִչԪϣء
ܵѹһ
ʱӱؽսǱѾȫԬӰҲȷǼǿˣҲҵĻᡣ
΢΢𣬿ŶԷ㣬ľͻΪһֻȼյĻӰŷپһеƣҪԼʮΪһ档
˻ȻЩأȴû̫ൣǡ
ֻҪսʤԭɶϵʿȷżֶΣܿɾ綼Զˣѹ˼еҪȡ¡ָһսɣءŽѹƣҵǺܺ棬ʲôķƵ칬Ԫˮ̲󡣡
ҪԱ߰׹һƥͬӰһ㼲Ӷ
ʵ֮䣬˿УֻһԾСΪһԪС
һõ񣬾Ժ
Ԫһ˫Ŀϸϸ
˻֮Ժﲻϳ룬һᣬ¶Ц⡣
ʦţʱ˷սǡ
ǿϧˡ
ʵϣֵǰһ̣û϶λɽ⵽Ρ
ΪԪƿȫҲֻ´ս񣬾дɣҲԵжĪеδ󽫣ܻܿӰġ
ңΪ˸佫һƷ򳤰ճսϵԪãӦøһᣬȻݴۺܻܿЩء
⣬ҲĻˡ

ݷƺ֪ⷽ͢佫ʵѰǿ󣬼Ǿźӱͥȶ佫ҲûаȤǰ
ιǰսѾķǲǿ󣬵ʵ¼Ա󽫵ȴǲᱻκ˻ɡ
ȥǰĳΪǣΪ˵˾ʡ
ԬɫһսУоչţȻҲǰƶ
һսעѰģʽ
û̽Ĵ򷨣һȫȫûֻʲôıС
ʵϣԬܻ治ʧܡ
ŵҸԼУܹ۾÷һɽƣʲôıʿƿء
ֻҪܳסپķˣǾӮˡ
ƽŹĵ㣬ľԽԽ죬ͻȻǰӹ¶ɭϵĲź
߸ߵ̨֮ϣһ¸߹ڵݵ˷һڣָĨüġ
۾ͷ𵭵̹
ķǣŴȻһЦ
䡭
֮УɫӴغ֮ӿ֣ڳеʮϣЩϾͳףϷѪ⣬Գɱ
޴ֻһСᣬͻûΪһֻԼԼ޵ľ޴һ쳹ء
ۣӳ֡
һ˿ԵɫгĸЦ
һЦʦĴ˹ɵ֮ղԶ˰ɣշڣͽһΡ
Ӧһһͽܣܰ˭أ˵֮Уµǻ˲Ϊ˲ٹ£йġ
ʦ˵ɫ֪һҪӮˣԶɽۣɫʵ˴ʦȴǱ֮Ыǿ֮»ʲôʣ
ߣʦʮֹŰ壬´֮ʱ徻ΪһףǲʱˡЦһֵͽΪһǿϰ֣Ѿ֮ǣŲţһֻڴˣѴӦ٣Ķɽ٣徻ȥľͬݣʱ֮ӡ
Զɽ֮ϣһŻɫ׷۸ߴͷţɫ
ɽ·죬ƴʢǰһԣҪ׷ɡ͢ӣȴͬһˮſļУżǿΣա
Լɾ͵ǧͫҲǿ
ʦܰʦܣֻ֪Ӧ٣ܶɽ٣ȡ³ɴ֪ЩʱڽУ޿ӣ˺֮£ʲô鶼ɷֻϣ㲻Ҫ̫ܵңܱһźá
Ǳ̲ŵĿ֮УͷͿΣ
ʵǷǲԼε
׾ͷͥ˹£ϵҲĲһֵġϧǣֻܿ棬ǱΣ



1887 ͼ£
˼죬š¡¡һ죬ź˫ײһ
һγɻӰԾʿΪѪ
չ춴޿ɵֵӸ
УԼঽǹɻƺ赲һ㣬ǰǰ

һ֡
Ԫ´չоơ
ٳ칬ΪйǼܣһӴ󡭡ñ̲ս֮һ˽һ˵Ĺӭϡ
ڻϮ֮ʱǴ֮Уһֻ̽צһڵ⣬ɱȥ
Ԫˮ̲󣬼˿ơٵΪףɱһеˡ
Ԫ۵ĵ¹ǰͻնǴһĨЦ
ǿܼʿ佫սҲÿ˭ȡ
ʦ֮£ĵӶѾż󲿷мӶεĵز
ʵԸͨʿܹһǧ
־ʿֻôǿҲû̫ô
ԵĲ࣬ƵҲֲ
ӿǿȻɫܵѹƣǹɷԽԽǿǱڡ
ԲѪ糱˵Ĵ෴Ԭܵļӳʿ䡣
ȣԼĪһ
ԬʿˣԪı̲һˡ
ǲĵ⣬κηļӳֱ֣ո
ôԬɫһڣĵɫʧ٣ıȫȻ
ûеӳ֣ûɼǣɽ֮С潻棬ҷǲһ
ڣԲ̫á
Ѫƴųʿǵʿ־أֻ˱ȡ
򵽺ݾҲ𰡡
Ҫ֪Ԫֻǳ͢һ֧ƫʦĴҲ̫˽ǣŽؽľӪתۼʮʮı
ݷ棬ʮԬܾۼȫʵ
һܾȫܣҲзĻᡣ
ʱûб뷨ֻԱȡһЩչʱˡ
߰Ԫ̲ȫնɱϳ͢һۡ
һ㣬ԬܵԸֻҪҲǼĪĻġ
ˣһ˱ԼĺӱͥȥЩʵԸĳˡ
ֻҪܹնɱǿԼ͵óʮʵҲֵõġ

ָһ٣üͷ֣Ƶı仯Ȼĵƿء
Щֻ˴˵ܻźܴࡣ
µǧﻹʿ䣿ЩԴǣȻԶԶ֧ӵ
Գֶʤûпˣڣź֡תͷԬܣԷҲǿ˹
΢΢ͷӡһ䣬о
ƴȻռϷ磬ôֻˡ
ֻҪоƿرˮԪ۵Ԫֱնɱ
ЩʵǿҲһ
ҪûоأΪսͻһɢɳܺöԸ
뵽Ԭܴһƣоʹ¡¡ʮֽ٣Ҳű仯
ĸƤ׷վ˳΢΢Ԭһ
Ϊߣһֻͼ
ͼʼʻһֻɵķˡ
ΪͼΪ񣬹ŹֵúܣֻǿһۣҲƲ۾
Ƥݺݵĳ˳飬ۡ
ѧӣʵǿҲûȱġ
ĵЩҴ壬оԶģǻһЩ̣ʵĽ
Ԭ֮ԸȴȻһЩơ
׺£ԺֻԬҵϵѪ࣬Ȼֻһ֮ڴʱ˿̣ȴѾս֡
ȻƾԬλϵ꾳磬Ҫ߶ͼЩѵġ
Ǹóһǰ½֣ҲֻǶʤ
ǣ˵ԪǣԴԴ޾ͼӦÿԴﵽ˽ٽ㡣
ñһٷ
һΣԪٱ̲֣ؽ֮ء֪սԶڳ᲻ʹļף
Ȼڴ֮ǰǰµҲ÷ˡҪõôҪľֻǿϷôɣ
֡

˹Ӧģʼˡ
Щ˶ǲ񱼣糱ˮϮĿֱָ
ȻԪо
֮Уһ֧Ϊ弽ݾһԸԼ
ԪȻʱȻӿŭ
֪ⷴвףҪ˳¹ģõ鷳
ʵϣһֱǷˮ
Ԫˮ̲Գһ壬Ͱų⡣
ҲǷŶԷͻȻˮ߽⡣
ʱ޷ǾǶһֶѣӦûд󰭡
ʮоټҲˡ
ֻҪŹԷ棬ֽ׶ΣսʤȻڡ
ʱԬоϿգͻȻžһ޺棬쳹ա
һа֣ڿлһϸϸƣֻȼʾ͹ճ˾޴ͼ
ͼһΣȣĸԬϼͬʱһѪڸ̨㰸֮ϸһݣǶһư׷Ҳ
ЩȫԪ֮Сֻûڰһͻʵ塣
ѹ֣˹֮ͬУƤһʹ˿ݳζҲ·ͣ
ȣ˫Ŀâɡ
𴦣Ю˷УоԪ˻



1888 ھϣ
ıɫƣڻ֮ҡҡ׹ۼһ̾Ҫɢ
̲ҲѿϸСĽѺۣмٵȫоóʮÿһλӵնĶü֡
ѹĻھһȣѪ٣һӿͷ
ڲԶӰŻӰջѹĻﻹҪ֡
ĳ
ҲˣѾﵽ˼ͨ񾳽磬ʱȫֺһ㣬ſҪһƱ̲
ĳҲ۷壬ʱ˼ţһżɻѹͱɱС
ս˫ʱȫףս棬٣ʵƿʤ֮Ļٵӡ
ֻҪһֱǿĵֿȥǼݾٶһҲ˵ȡʤ
Ͼ˲ǻ
ΪŸߵͣͨʿ䱻Ǳսַʽûд۵ġ
֪ʱֻ֮ԣֻҪȵ˵ļһˣԬʿǵľ̾ͻȫ̡
ʱٵӳʤɱ׷ݾʧֱܼԤϡ
ԣԬܿʵ˭ļ
̲סͷų˵ơ
˴߲Ԫӳ֣ͼȫȻѹס̲üԱͻϮҪһӡ
ս潻棬ƽɱ͵Ϯǿǿʱ俴ľƺӲӲ֮û˿ҿԡ

Ԫɫһ䣬פڴ֮¿ȻӰͬһ㶸Ȼǰ壬һӭŻε˻ϵһʡ
ߣ
칬ڶѧʮ꣬ʲôѧһ㣬ҪĻѧϰȺս󷨣ﲻò̶̲ɼ󷨺ϻ֮ԵԻûзԷóɵ
Խ࣬ԽܣҲԽǿ
Ҫǣʮͬʱػƣ᷵
ҲеԽսԽ£ûгƵԭڡ
ʱ˿̣Ȼǲˡ
˼ҵһ㣬̲ԹԹȴȺܡ
ĳЩϣȻֵвס
һнڵ㱻ƻͻ᲻˵Ҳǲܡ
Ԫǿһ㣬㼲䣬µĵطǱ̲۴
֡
ٵ̲һûƬƬҶʢԲ
ۣžͻΪһ۵Ĺ֣ǵ⽣Ӱɵ⻡
һ棬΢΢һţͼ
۴һâźںɷɵذɨԪնʽһȻ֮У˻൯
һڷɸ߿գ˫ĿצӰâ
̽צȻơ
㣬£ֻһ
һΣվ磬ƣ
ĳֻһ˫˫⣬ؼɣббɱ
׼ԪƴһУ˫Ъĵڣնǰ
ۡ졣
תΪֱâ䣬ĳ󵹷ɶָԾɫǴЦ
ԪվˣҪ־͹̫Դûκ˷ɡڳתɣ
ԼҾ֮޵˵
ƾԼӱЩں֮ڣ治ԪƥѾ࣬˫վ֮ϣӴֱֱ֮Уֱϥǡ
ϺںɷƷɴܣѪɫȴȻʮƽ
ͶԭͶ׿ǰս֮ܽҲ㲻οԬܹһ𣿡
⻰Ƕ˵ġ
ͻ֮£ٵ󣬿ĳȡõսʢԪҲãĳҲҲס
ʵλųƷɽȡ
ͻ۷֮ģķ컭ꪣЮɷɲôóܵġ
㲻
̧죬֮еĻԽԽڤڤڷһı仯ǳΰ
ֻ˵̫ˣһͳ£ķɹĻа᣿ɱһԿɾūţֻԸϽȴÿ˶ͬ뷨
˵ƵᣬҲɡ
մսѾʤˡ
Ϊ磬˾¼ɵٱ̲Щ׾ĵӣ˵Ѿʲôв
Ķ֣ս֮ϣֻһˣǰһյԪѡ
ǣԼҲδˡ
ۼ湥Լʽնꪷʤһ
˵ϻԱ߻źӱλ
λʵȻѷڼ֮£սֻǣƣҲ㹻ˡ



1889 ھ£
ϧˣȣԶ֪ʧȥĵʲôĻ᣿ֻžһСգմմϲӡ
Ԫϧˡ
һֱĹ˵ɵڣ
ֻᣬɵľõС
Լ磬ŪҪתͶ̥һ֮ʱЩĽ
ΪĻͬõĻԵȫͬ
ǣȻһжɿˡ
Ԫ˵УȴЦü۽ȫɱ⣺᣿ֻΪаŮֻᣬҪ͸ˣϡ
˵ƺ뵽һЩʹ޵飬оѪ⣺ҪˣԪɡ
һڣɣ;ײļ칬Ӿ·Сʯͷһ㣬ꪹһ𣬾Ϳ飬Ʋһɵȥ
һںɷŷ˻Ԫ˻ɡ
ĳٺЦţͬһ
ɫף¡¡ҲǵⱩ࣬ӵؼն
⡣
˶ףԪ֮նɱʮս£ȻһͿء
Щʿӳȥ档
˵ĳһͳµսˣȻƴ䡣
ͣС
̲εת˵û˵ȫԾ˻֮£󷨱䶯
ĻʻԪԡ
Σܲ¾ս
һǻӰһ
б¼ʿٳ칬ȫһ𣬵һ֮ͬУ˷ָ
ǻ⾭˻һյÿռ죬ֱָԪ

Ӯˡ
Ԭ΢Ц
˶̨˫΢գڡͷһ߽Ծ֮УȻԪڻ֮ϡ
֮УʹָܲٿһС
Ϊ˼濪ΰ˵Ϊ˼ӳּʿϵߣ³ҲѪ
Ԫ񶼼ˡ
ĳ佫ȫЦݣʱ඼ˣսһƬá
ѱѹƣԷԪҲΣڵϦ
֪ʹʲôȻ˾ľȻ˾һͷ񹷣˭ҧ˭
;̾Ԭܵʮ
ԬҲûڣǺЦʵҵĹͣҪлӽǹ߻ƷǰǣӽֳȺúõĴһ
ô򵥣
Ȼ
ô򵥡ԬܹЦֵΪףֻΪ⣬ǻȵǵŮӱ뷿Уʱʱ̿Ұġôʱ˿̣ҪʵֻһССĿ϶ͳϰˡ
ĬȻҲͻȻһ˿η
Ԭʱ곤֮ܵõ׷Ͷʵûô
Щã̫ý˵֮⣬ĸ츳ҲǼߵġ
˵Ϊ£˵ĵգıƵãѾﵽ¯ĵز
˵ԬҵϵֵԬһ̱ĳ佫ȨıֶҲ治
ˣɾͱ˵ˡ
ԬûкķһʳһءҲûзԸֻ˳ˮۣöԷˮ
ȻҲȱйء
ΣֻҪ׷ô

ݴ˧ʿΪսʤȯգȴûз֣֧ҵʮּѵԪ¶ǳǳЦݡ
ʱ£ѹȫ
ĳһΧݣ졣
ԪѾճѪ˿ϽԽԽ
ĽⱾն࣬⻪ҫֻۡʣ±һĻ
Χ֮ڣֻܷܹ
Ҳʱ˶ãŻ䣬˵һ̣λԪ֮ʱ
Ǹ˵̫ˡ
Ԫػն֮۽ǾͼһצӰǰ
Ǵʱ
΢ţһ㻪ԼԼһֱա
໡
һ֮촦ͳһӰ
һذ񡭡ͷڣŰۣһƵױ
ֻգһְ˻Ͼƿصơ
̣ͣͣΪֹ֮Ъ
ôܣ
ԶһƬ
磬׹
ڳ˾Ǵδֻһͻ𼫴𺳡
ʵǣֳ̫˼ˡ
ԬܵˣԶҲ󲻵˻ģʽս֮ϡ
ȻȥӰȴûһ˻ỳʵ
ޱѹǸԶҲͷء
һԱ佫ô·һ㣿
ãʦΣӡԶɽ֮ϣǱ۰׷ͷüëص·ζ˶ҪԾɽ¡
룬ͣפ
ˣÿÿ˵ԵȻɱ֮£˭Ӧ˭棿Ϳ˱¡ұھУǲҪǿԳͷĺãŪãԼҲȥ
徻ΪﲨվԼѡ񡣡
ͷ̾Ϣһԣ۽΢΢⡣
жصһ֣ʵľͿԿˡ
ĿɨĻοҲֻǶŵԾꪵԱͽ䵭˵ȣ̫ʧˡ
ھ޴Ӱ֮£ųλϰϸС¡¡쳹ս
ˣ˸־ǿȻѡҾͳȫ㡣
һ䣬ӰƺЦЦڻζһ£һֻ־ͻɵӰӡ

Ӱδ£ͱýҫĿָ繳
ʲô˵ƣѾһֺֻצ
ʮĶСͷץ䡣
Ƭռ䶼ƺ
ĳѹһ壬ȫ亹ֱðëˡ
ĿɿڴĿš
֮۵һ
ҵΣµĳһצץһࡣ
İ׵ĹѪ࣬걬Уһ
̧ͷȥͼеӰʱѲ֪ʱζһ
汩𣬳ɫšǽХ֮һץ֮ƣβû
žͰ޺ҵĻδϸ⡣
ݣ
⻹δꡣ
׿УһһϸϸԪӰͱ֮С
粻Ͻĥ֮΢΢𼸵ɢ

ݾ֮Уĸ׷ԲԵͷһ˻Ѫ͵
̨֮ϣǸ߹۵˫ĿԲںȵʹɷҲһͲ෭ڵء
˾ȥ֮ʱͼϵʿѾɫϣȫޡ
ȴǲ֪ʱѾˡ



1890 ·ͨϣ
һץ⡣
ԬܾʿһǧɣϢȻ䣬ʮһȫù࣬ʹ
һƣӹ͸ƺҹû˯һ㡣
˵˵ļҲʮְԵս󽻷֮ʱȻѵУⲢûдۡ
ʧЧ֮ͻɡ
ȻҷҲаħ񷨣͸֧ı׶˶սƴľʿ˵Ҳ㲻ʲô
ǣʱδƣʩ֮⡣
Ԭµ۱ͱ޸֮ްַ
⻹Ԭѹġ
˾ģʮľ޴
˼Ϲʣһֱи˵׻һ˵Ĵˡ
ʵǱԶﴫ֮£ϵʵʹͳ
˻
˵ԬҵĻԿҴѪųԼ˴󺺻´У㿰ıȡ¡
ôһ֮ʲôʲôʵѾҪ
˼ˣ˵飬Żʵ˭Ű
ڳͨʿʮˣֻǼսġ
͢ź
Ԭܵıڣ±ʧ䡣
Щŵĸǵݣˣȥ
ԬܲҰ촽ţôܡ
Щļڴһֱ飬һ̣ʧź
ıŹ־ֵĿ⣬һֲʲӿͷԬҲ̲סʹһ³һѪҲš
ԪϽɫһݣʦط
ӰɢǴ΢΢Ц⣬гһָ
ǰ赲

ճڸ֮ϣʱб˫Զƺɽ͡
ȻˣԬܷ֮˹鸽ʱ˵ȴǹ鸽ڳǣСʵЭ
΢΢ü֪ЩѾ̲ݻ
֮Уӿſӿ
鶴ڵĽɫˮһ˳ҲչӳػΪ⵴š
ճĿһԪһӦôˡ
޲顣
ƬçĴ½֮ϡ
ֻ֮ʵصأ޾ĻɫתΪʵء
䣬ѾֻʣһϸСȱڣֲ
һǿʵ֮С
һ̣оԼʱ̴ֽǺͲĵʧ
ɢļǿȥԣ֪Լľתת˳
Űתǰ˺ܴһ
糱һ£һֹ̲ͣ
ⲻǽḶ́ͻ
̫ƽͷһ֣˵Ѱҵ˷
˼Σ̫ƽȡҲӦá
һԼ㼯һǹ鸽ͳӣҲЭ
Ͼճһͳµ壬ԾԴʵʩġ
ôվֻһةͷ
Բ˳˵˶ʵӦóΪԡ

δ빬УѩỤ̊ϸ籡
֮ϣ⡣һȥϣƺ̺ΰ
ͻս̳ҪµȻҲ˳͢С
ᡢԬ˵ʵֻһʲ
ڳȴеźܴô
ǵճ֣ܹ֮£֮
·ݣðɡ
ѩŮһٵӣŴŵľ꺢ͯ
ʱʺϴٿǣЩ黺üˡ
ڤڤ֮һ֮ѩŮûаɣټ˳Э
ûκ˾ܾĻᡣ
һЩʱչȥ˾ˬľͷԽˣԽԵòϡʱȴǺûгԷԣֻ۹۱ǱǹĵǰһĻϺޱ顣
ıһ£նͷǿͷҲһֳش
ֻºةأίΡ
һϲ¡
һһϲ֮ͷЩţ³ͷ
ЩӽݱƵֱݾս󼴣ƽѾѧĳСãбҪơ
ҪҲŵġ
Ҫ˵͸оͬѹһʯѹ֡
ǽԶʿ¥ڣʱ˵λŮǲ׼Ӧ䣬˵ʾ
Ĵ⣬Ǵİ
Щϳѡڳֲ̫顣
ΪΣɶ֡
ѩǷ֮Ͼةδ̾˿
ʱλеȴǲòԣ޹ô룬Ǳ˵
˾ͽ˴ԬܱܣһͳڼġƣǿǸҲΪƣһ¿̲ݻ
ѩŮûֻǵļȴնݷ
һǰ˵õģЭҲûʲô顣СһŻ֮Ҳֵúܣ£˵ġ
ʱ򲢷ԸΣͿһɲ䣬仯ڲ֮䡣
˵ĳ֮£һ˾ԺѳܵסӰ졣
Сʵ仯ǣ֮£ֻ¶
˵ĳ佫ԾԾıڣԺͷԡ
οѩŮ֪²ֻԼһҽ
͵̸ֶΣﰵԶδ
ˣ쵶ն飬粻˳١



1891 ·ͨ£
ةǰͳݣԸλϢ֮ͨѾ֪ݺȫϢˡ
ѩŮ΢΢һЦ˵ʱ˿̣ةѾžʦԶʱǴٿʱ֮¶ʲ
ѩŮԣ˵ʮִ治ֵǣڳڳȴǳ
̶̰ʱ䲻λɱ׿ȼƽȻѴ֮ľƽ¡
̫Ҳ̫𺳣ݲŻҲû̫
ǲ֪ѩŮΪ˼Уλ˼ȻԷôȻĵƱǿҲû̫ԡ
£ɡ
Эվδ빬УûɵͻȻһĲᡣ
Ҫץӡȴһš
ӣãôԵ𺺼£Եڣ
ʦҴ淨ǰ˵õģʱ鲻Ϊιʣ
Эȥ˼ͷԡ
ͻȻ䣬оԼ½΢΢һһͷȥ
ͼԱһֻСʹקԼЭһѣǺ󱳾亹
գӦþʦ˵ħˡ
ҧҧֻоﶼ΢΢Ѫζǿпסǣǰӹ㣬ݣةи߹㣬Ļ񡭡

ߣ
ճ٣غӼ
ǰˮļɽõĸδȥ
оһҪӡ
˴ɽ룬볤ȻԶ
ҪͻȻվסϽһߣüһ
¡¡
Ժһ󶯵СŮĻЦ
޸ˣ׳Ԫ񳤽˵ٶҲ漴١
Ů͸žηĽǰԶʦԵøߴƺⷽ׺һЩ
һִƬأ֮У˼ֺز
޼ȣһƣϣԪʼ࡭
ͷصļһЩԣȫһ˲˽𣬿֮ϵһؾ硣
ճ滶գһ죬ͳһƴʵСޱ޼ʲç顣
磬ԼԼ޵Ļɫ֡
ƺ磬֮С
ӣ
ճЦ
һ̣½һڣչͻΪһС
ԪУΪһ塭ֻо͸ݽ磬˰֮оŸ⻪ķ
ӡжн¯
ʱضкϢ͸
ֻһ̾Ϣ
ǲģǣҡ
ճޱȸɿʣӴͬ󺣣ٱԪգһ塣
Ԫֹ׳󣬽ڣɺڣֱһ˿Ӱӡ
ǾǴ޽ҪƺʱδţһҪʱȻüˡ
ѩŮɵƯʱ˿̣֮֮֮Уȴǡʱ
ճЦĪû֪֮д󲿷ʵѾ
ֹסŮΧ£ĶĿǰһ˴һ˷Ѿذɡ
ة£ݺ޵УֽһǷʸ
һƴ
֮ϣͳһҶۡ
ϳһӰͷñ£üۡ
ֻܼǵϹԶ֮Ͻ䣬ӳյˮϡ
ǲʸ񣿾Ͳ͸¹ˡޣ񣬴ڼǵʱ˿̣ڴ˴¹ģõѡ񡣡
̫Դˣ˻λʽҲû߿ԾӴλΪΣ
ϻ˵ʲôֶξʹҿ߱굽ܷô
Ȼ⣬ּⶳ֮ʻʢתΪɱҶƮ㡣
֮䣬߾ļá
תϹҫĿ
ͥǱܳһʱճ˵⾰󲢲İȻϵõġ
ֻû뵽ͥλоȻԳ·Ҳδ̫Ҫ棬Ҳ֪Ǻ뷨
Ҳļˡ
û·֮Ǳޱ۾ˣλʴ֮¡
ճԷǲǵ˴޾磬֪ھݽ֮£ʲôֶΣҪٵɫ
Լոʵ޸ʱôһλͥУǸոոպá
Щ飬ӱܵþˣͻûʱչ¶һɣһ¡
ʼԶһ֮УճţӦڹĦһĻ
Լ˼عòԼʹˮӴ˸ҷ
˼֮Уˡ
ӰǺЦ־Ǻ¡̫̰ġǰЩֻҰҲ첻µزµģ³Σ֪ܲ
Σһꪣ
ճһΣʧ
ǵأתڰ׷ָɨ䡣
ɽ嵹Ӷ
С
˾ͬ磬гΣͻΪһϹ˸ķǹ
ǺӲãԲʮ紦ڱԭ֮Уһϸ
ϧŮ˴ģϾͽӨױ˪ۼþҪΪâĩ
ճü΢΢һ˿΢΢һͶݳ֮ң
⻪ҫ֮£һƿɽ룬Ǻ֮С


1892 ϣ
磬Ҿ롭
ͷȻ̧ͷ룬бüޣǡ
ճ֣ʵһҲϡ
վֱ֮ڴϣ沨Ƭ綼΢΢
˫۾ǹ˸ţƺ
ϴЦЦɫĮճӭһꪡɽϺӴһе࣬ӹӹʱȴûŶһ˿ǣһ㡣
ճһ
ռת֮ͶӰ
ոͷ̨ʾ
һֿ̹Ǻͷ֣ǰǹһϸ׹Ӱת˲ͻΪɵĹС
Զ
Ǻӵתߵң
ճ͸оǰʹȡ
Ҳ룬ꪷ룬ѭ֮ڤڤָһꪻ
ڰ׹תһ㵭Ө֡
ۡ
ǱŽ
ճɷɻңǰ֮һϹʱתžҪƺҪһС
Ծ֮ߣһ촦ϳǧǧƬϸ΢ۼףÿһƬطơ
Ϲոɢһ壬ը𡣴֮оͼһɫǹľϢһš

ˮ˱ڽ䣬ɽ嵹쳾
ճֳꪣǰָ
֮ꪷһϽɫѪݵأԶ֮뷽ȴһ˿֮ɫ
㾹Ȼ˵ң֮£˵ǲܿ磬Ҳܴصռ䣬˵ҵĻ
أƽǣĲУܿóһҲƽ
Ҫǣλһ־ţƺĴУʱȴôÿ
ǰ֮иһбб߿ӣѪ
飬ⳣڣⷽ˵磬Ȼѡңֲܻ˼֮۾һʱգٻͶӰȴҲûдۡҲְɡ
һ㣬ճĲ²ˡ
˫ս޷Ǵɷѹƶ֣սʤ֡
Ȼﵽ߲֮󣬱ƴĻжãǶԴ⡣
ʱ䡢ռ䡢άŶֶΡ
ϣǰλޱ۾֪ǻĴڣ侳磬ԶԶԼ
մ칬һսӻӰϹڣûмֶΣûУǲҪ
ճһԹսʱĻ浶ʵǹಫȫûп֮ʲôսʽ
ȻǼһ۰צǾз
һѹ£ʱյѹ
ȻΪʵ컯ɽѺѹɽ£ְ㷴ûС
һƳ֣赭дûа̻ճȻǿġ
ǣǰޱ۾֣ȴǿһߡ
ԼʵŴ޾Ȼ̫ԶԪһزӦҲõ˾޴ǿ
ԷֶΣʵҲûʲôرĵط
ޱ۾Լ˵ǺӵתͿռڱã
Ͷпռ֮⣬ֻܹˣǹġ
Ȼַţֻܿ۸粻ԼĶ֡
ãճľ粻硣
˵ͬʱ֣ôճܵסһǹ߱꣬Ҳ˵֡
˹Ź֡
ճסһǹ˳֮⣬˿𡣲ңȻ֮£˵ޱ
ϽɫѪ⻯Թɢڿ֮УճЦˣüһһ˿ɡ
ԭɡֻҪӦþͻᱻ˷ų⣬Ҳòһ˿ɣ
ޱ۾Цһߵ㵹ۼ⣬Ҳаޱĵۻ֮ϡѵΪתһֱס۵Ĺ
ռ֮⣬̾Ϣ˹
һȥƺ̾ϧ
ȻԶʮ죬ЩĤĴܣʱѾճʲô²µ˵ʲôΡ
鱦̲ն˵֮Ҳֻô֡
ϱģǲ˵ˣȻĳɡ
һʱ֮䣬ֻ̾Ϣ档
ﶼתһЩͷ²ŵλȫȡ˵ļһﵽǳԺźɣ˭˲µӣ
תҶУһǳԴ֮֡
˵û˲֣ôҲŵġ
ǰӣš
ǰơ
¶Ƶʱû˻֪˭˭ù
統¹֮ս˲صķ֮սȫˡ
Ϸˣϸϸĥչ¶ļ´ע
ǣӲƴޱ۾ʱȴߵʡ
һ۾ݣԷһ֪ɢޣССһ֣Ѫ޹Ⱑ



1893 £
ֻҪٽһУطͥٲִ˼ˣҪСˡ
ޱ۾ǰϢľ޸Ҳ汻նɱ˿ڣϽɫĵѪۡ
ֻǣŵĵ㣬ȻԸܵõ˵ɢԪǡ
ճһ˿Įȴ΢΢𻡶ȣ˵Цˣٳʮΰ˴ΣҲûմ˵ġβʹȥҲò档
һУˡ
޾ΪԿռ䷨˵̵ƿغʶ
ǣӦûдﵽʱ䣬ٿľ硣
˵ˣԷҪԸԼԿռת֮΢ֶԻԼסԼʵû̫İ취
Ҫ˵ԼԪÿǱ߱ǹϳɱС
ֹԼʱҲõķʱ
ոԹΣӦ֮ճĴ
ֿһеʵһġ
Դ޸ȫ֣֮һֹŹֵȫ֪ȫܵĴ֡
ԼԷʱȻ˿վڹ֮ϣ٩٩̸ʵϣȻٴγС
߱ǹֳĸ߱ǹޱ۾һȻȲ쿪ٵ֮ʱһȴҲ鱦֮
ȥ߻ţʵȴޱ
ĹƣԪ
żңԶ˼еĽϢһ䡣
ճǰһͷԼһϲ죬²ŵصĿռ֮ڡ˼άҲͣ٣ǲԼڡ
ƺֻһ̣ǹǧꡣ
ǸУ˼άĹ
ոͷճͷһ⣬ת۾󣬻ΪһӴ硭
ɽ󺣣ޣһȺȺƤҶԭʼ࣬ľȡ𣬲ɱ桭
һƳʣҪմأ˳ˮһ£Ұ쳤Х
ţ飬Ϸɵġˮεģ½ܵģȫͷ
һ΢ֲ֣֮ͻȻŭ
֣ȼҰ˻ģн֡һ㣬ʵԼĵס
ճ¸оԼ۶⽥
о»ع顣
ʱͼһǹâϹҫҫԼüġ
һĪʴԪ
֣ճŭ͸Ӧ˷˵Ĳ
ǧ򻧣΢â۳ɹ
нԭ
ճԼʲô
ֿŵϲ˽棬ʵԼʽͼԼ޼᲻ݵ
Ǵ˷˵֮
˵Լ̨Ǳŵһ硣
໥ӿǹзâһ鿪
ԶվŵĹһ𣬺嫲ͻȻ֣ճϾҫ޺â
΢˫ĿҲȥԼüĵһϹ
ֻͻһꪴ̳
һƽƽûκһ
ǰɽһ澵Ӱ飬һƬޡ
ǹӰһ㣬ϸӰֱʧ

ԭأʮϰСһŵۣͷ߹ڵϵͬһʱϸɳ䡣
ɽ֮䣬һƽͣòϵףͣ
̧ͷͼҲ״Ȼճһλ
ףӦôճҪλȼţѵϺͿˣǲˡ
ףֳɫײײܳһ۵дʴǴȺ͵Įһݡ
ͣͣ
һСʿ˻ߵĺŵƨܽ޺ŵʦҲ͵ˡ
Ȼ͵ʳоĹƷ
㣬ʴ˭λףȻЩëƤʵ
һֱŰɣ۵ԣʴ֮⣬ֻϼۡϹʴۡЧʵֻﻹб𡭡
Сʿã˵
⵹Ҳǡףͷ룬˵һλ̫ÿȥɽ£Щ²һ´
ǣʦϲӦÿټ£ܻЩ֣࣬ЩͲסּį

ڴˣڴˡ
֮ϣһͷ߹ڣɫ۵Ŀΰŭ
ŭ֮£ָշλͲŴˡ
ΪɣͲҪ˼
㲻ҪĵλĹºˣͼǧ֮ϡȫôʵ͵ڲڣ̸ʲôȨˡ
Ȼǰȥ˷
ʵϣ֮Уͬһʱ飬λޱۣûдڹ
Ϣŭ
һ̾Ϣ𣬾мӰ֡
ˣޱƽ΢΢ȺȻʵСʲôͷȻûƹλ˾ˣ
Ҳһλ˻ʶ֣ڻ磬ǴٲóٻỤ̣Ҳֵġʴˮ۳˵ԱҲ͡
дոһ̣ҵĸоһ籾Դ֮ųѹƣǷȻǿҲޡһ̣ûеֿ˷ɡѹʲôɣ
ޱ۾Щܻ޿κΡ
ʴۼ˻࿴һۣһ˿Ị̄ۿڣһ˼λѶҵҲòˡżӦǷŲŶԣǲֶΣʱȴժӣ֪ж
´ҲǰοʵִҲûջٱƵɢݷ˳˼ֻλž֮ʮ͵ôλޱˣҲνˣԺıɡ
һ˿Ĺ⣬ЦޱֵȨҵǿԴͣ˼ʧ򡣡
㡭
ޱ۾˫ĿԲǰƽݣһ١
ʧȥȨ
ԪϡϹʱȣ޷ûй˵Ļãﻹܴ
˺͹·䣬֮ͬ飬ʲôˡ



1894 ·ͨ죨ϣ
ԭдһƬɽĵɫɫӰɢȥȫģ
ɽƽһƽ羵򣬱һԲε
Զˮӣʯڻɫ类һ֧һʮַ֡
˵غ
ŷԲʮ߰һƬȥĵ棬ճĬʵ
ϧŮӴǰŴС쿴ǰɫûع
ʻϧ˵ӿݵؽ磬೤ǧ֮ң
̾·ߺˣӦòǷ˰ɣ
ֹûϵӯϹҫ죬ͷǴúˡ
ճЦŴ
˵ʵڵģõúܡ
һսȻЩգֶμѵǣһ٣ȴҲûջ
ޱ۾˼͸Ӧһֵĵ˷۶Ӹ֮˵Ȼ˼졣
ԭսȡ£ȻҲǲУܹ˼˳
ԻģԻһЩѣ»һЩʺߣָʲôʱֻҡ
ľģҲ籾ԴĳأҪеƿģûмʮྭӪ
ǣޱ۾γ֣ȴǸһ˳ƿµĻᡣ
Ũ鸽һָ̫ƽ
Σ֮л棬Ҳͬˡ
ִŮӼޱ۹ʦ͸صϢƺڸ֮ϡ
ǵ֮У֪ľ˼У˼־η
˼תȻȻ
ճףǵˡ
ս֮ȡ˴󣬸˳µĳɾ˼λ
ӳͥɽϽ磬Ӧǣ˴ߵĳϡ
ҲνľȨڣڶС
ޱ۾޹ʵѾħ˷ؽѾҪֽ͵ø޴Ĵۡ
ڴ˽Ҫͷ˭˭Կ
ճЮʤ֮ʢû˭˲۵ùͷġ
һᣬҲãٻһκܳķչʱ䡣
ǰ֮ʱճҲòޱ۾ֶʮ־ˣЩԼͷԡ
ȡʤҲϡͿ־Լı緢籾Դ֮˷˵н𣬽ɲ赲Ĺ
˷緢һ㡣
˿֮ҲǾݽ
ʵʳ֡
ճ֪ˡ
֮ϣȷż˫۾עŴսǣǼȫȻû˼
֮ϵľŴ󷨱Ҳûжֺ
Ͼλ˻ʿɫ֮ɻҲǴ֮࣬һߡЩɰ񰡵ģޱǲֶԸңǿѭ˵µԭ򡣡
˵ԼͳֶΣһλ˵׳·ʽ˵ͥɽЩˡ
ЩΪȫǺڵӶᡭ
Ѵ˷統أôô棬սңϷˡ
Ҳڳ֮С
˵ղ࣬ﻹʲô˴ڵıҪ
־ñغϣϾñط֣ͳⶨ
˵ԣ־ƿ϶ǲ̫ã˵ȴõģʽ
ԣȽ϶ԣճ˳Ӧ˵
ǣҲûвõĵط
ޱ۾һŪ̫Զݽ֮ڣ˷籾Դ֮ȴǸӦϮӶճױ¶
ܰ˶ɵӰ
ճӦų⣬ףԼչ黹Ǵ˾ݽķơ
žŰʮһ꣬ҲǺܳʱˡ
ָĬĬһסԼΣֻ˻λʮһ꣬ٳͲˡ
ܻܿųʹ
ҲѾ㹻ʥӴΣ˭˵λͲˣճ۾һ۸֮շǣĪЦЦ
źһС
˵ǿĳֵز֮󣬻ʵֻһƺˡ
ĳ̶ֳϣѹħ֣ѹסһʱųƵϹ೤
Լλֻ֮Ҫûǡ˵Ļã˭Ҳֹˡ
һ͵úúι˰˰þܻȥҲʵˣԶĻȡ
ޱ۾ڴˣޱߵɾʵϵ˵λ˵صɳƵ֮ءճһۣ͵ƬڣԽ񣬼ؽ졣ôдУȥѰ϶úһ¡
ǣʦ𡣡һЦ˭᣿
纺꣬նߵĹ£ֱգš
³ôû񻰹أ
Ƭطʮ﷽ԲӶɽƽȻʥء
ش֮£֮Уģʤʮ
˵ƵءĪˣգǰȡˡǾͲ˳ˮۣƣԪǿԪԪꡣ
ճЦףֱ



1895 ·ͨ죨£
ʱƣﲻꡣ
̫Ԫʢʮһأʹ˲ƽ
䴫˵У̫ʵԪ೤˶ӣӣȻӼλҲһ׮ˡ
Ҳûкô
̫ʵλվã´ģ붫ĩȣȫһ硣
漼ͬһĳ֣ũҵ棬ǼҼչա
Էµ⣬ǰѾˡ
ҵͨͷչټϷƵĽȫ걸˵·ʰţ֪㣬ϰ硣
˹ȥΪûսҲûк֣ԭ˿ˡ
̶̰겻ʹǧ˿ڣﵽ˿ڡ
ĳ֣˵˵֪
ճ°ȡɳͬʱҲĳЩ˺۾
ǣ£ûҺ֮ͨìܣìܳΪҪìܡ
Ԫʮ꣬ݽһ˿϶ǳ
Ҳһ̫꣬ı֡
ճ߸ӣ¸ؽԺӴ˾쳤վõħնսȥˡ
ºճ֪Ͻ֣ھݽ֮һֽţ˵ѹЩɶ
ɶҲ£½ǲܵġ
ǣһЩǱ˼仹ûġ
ճҲûеһ£ãͷ֣ʵô򵥡
Ԫʮ꣬ӵ֮Уﱻʮ˶޻ۡһԣݵ䣬նħ
ðɣȫǳͶ̥ˡ
ͥɽô
ǿս򲻹ˣػؽ
㲻˼߸ڵӸʵǿĴն˿ɵ
ǲ¡ȵֻҲɳͶ̥תӵܡ󳼺ȫɽˣƻʳҵ
ǿҲֻһǿܻܲҪԼϱϱӵɡ
һСģͻʲôĲǡǡ֮ļһͶ̥
ôɱǲɱ
Ȼʱ򣬲ͥسͶ̥ǸŸһЩĵֻռ
Щ˿ۣҺúܣʵأˡ
ԭɾͲߣǸֻΪͥ͵ظûѡ
˵ܳɾɵģһʡ͵ĵƣ
˼ƤͶ̥Ķӣ飬Ͳô
ΪͶ̥£ʵһΡ
̥δ֮ǰû˼άģûиͶ̥Ҳĳ»Ұϴ˼Ͷ˼䡣
ü̳УֻǼ̳ѪѣǼ̳ꡣ
ԣճ￴˭Ͷ̥ԼʵȻԼĹѪ
ôźã
ʱֻܰ̾һͥɽƤ̫ˣֶ̫ΣʵǲöԸ
ΪͥȺɲֻҪд棬Ͷ̥ʧܣȻԾɵظ¶ɻȥ
ճ֣޷ǾնɱԼĶ
һĹ¼ҹ
ìûг׼⻹Ϊ˫ſơ
ЩͶ̥תĲ֪η֣˼֮󣬵Ҳؼϸ˼¡
ԸĸТԹңֵѰճҲֻ֮֮
λʮһֻ꣬Ҫ֤Լִʹ򲻸ģС飬Ҳνˡ
࣬˵˱˷һѡ

źĩĴɮѾȥİ̫꣬ʮһλ
ƹǿģų֮Ρ
ճЩˡ
ȥƻˡ
ӶѾǲ̫壬ÿ˵ǻ֮ʱݹ̫֮ʱŻһס
ƣԼǧ֮мǧҵϵϵӣҲ
֪Լλʱ͸оֻѻǰɰɵġ
տʼ֮ʱ֪ԼӱͶ̥ʱĸȣʱѾϰˣһЩ

үҲ̫ƫˡ
룬׷ϣ칬Ժ
»Ĺ֮͢УʥȻһò绨ᡣ
ôճһŷɹĴ㣬Ѿֵ졣
ôȥչصĴҲܶ࣬ʱ䶼λɽˮ߼磬ĥԪ
Ԫ޾磬Ͳôһʼͨ͸
תʱˣҲѾﵽת۷塣
ٹһܿһء
ʱ룬Ǳѹɽ֮õĺӣǼԼĽ»ʹ飬ڲ
֮ڣּ仯ʱѾԸ㣬ȡԼ޵ˡ
ʱᷴٶȼӿ졣
һ㣬ճĵط
ζţѾʱ
ȻδޣʹָýǴ֮Ҳͷѡ
Ҳǵ˴ʱгԱģǰǰ㣬һֱھݽ֮ڣ벽ҳȥ
ЩҪĴǣܻܿڽλ棬ֻԼ¶ͷȻһĻǿɾҵúˡ
Ϊͷٴν뵽ɽУʰԼ
ôǱΧҲһ£ӵ֮
ȻҲֻѡûս˵˭Ӯ˭䡣
ޱ۾ʵУǲôˡﰵһ£Ǵڽ֮⣬ӲƴҲλۡ
Ȼ˵ĻȻ֮ء
ճԼѾƿΪǰȡ
ƲɸģС£ճֱԱֶͼı˵ͷ
ʱոպá
˼תţճޱʣֱ붯
ͻȻ΢ʹͱʥסˡ
㻹ôˣүǵöǰŵҲһӵġ㿴ɣѩŮһС̥̥
˵Σ֪ŭ鶯
ҲһֱŬ̫ǿˣ̥еѡճЦҪҪŵһ㣬ѩŮһǿѪ̳Уֻһ˿Ѫͳɡ
У͵һĺһɣϡʥһԣ̾Ͳɡ
һ𣬱ɴưƮ䣺϶ү͵ˣһ㶼Ŭ˵
ðɣǸճãȻ죬ͼŴɵǷɧһųɸSһųɸB֡



1896 ııϣ
ʷǺһֹ켣ʱɺϣһۿȥĿȫǣϸȴǴʶ
ճᵽơ
͸СжŲյŵʥѩŮ
Ůߴߴʲôʱʱָһǰİꡣ
ǵλʵĵھΣ̫汣ԼҸʡ
СˣȻݹýȣһ̷ĴɮӶȲˡүѵһҲ⣿
ջʥ̲סʵ
ָǽһ¡
˵Ƴʢ֮У񸻹ǿ˿ڷǰȫͬھʵҲױȡ
Ĳ˵ֻǴƾһֱ⣬ƽһ㣬÷СϱƳһ㣬Ϊճʮֵ
ȻоŶ˴մ˱ˣճʱѾ̫ƽˡ
ޱ۾һ£ԼȻ˺ܴôҲһѡ
Ǿǣ̫ƵĳЩգעһƴɱܻܾܿˣԼԸġ
֮Ϊ̫ͷڣѹʱ޿̲ڳ˵ջԴԴϣҲ١
ճѾٳ̨ǰʵЧҲûȥ
һͲˡ
Ϊ߸ǧӣԼߵʥѩŮ˾δ֣ڴƳλ̫浱һ˵еķţôΡ
·ˣҲ
Ҳ֪ǲڣһСԸʷĳ˼Ϊơ
ѣг߻ύĳ佫ʱ򻹻˺ܶʱ䣬¡
ûкôٱ絽һЩĳ佫
ڼλΪ۵ĹУȡõλ
ƷԱͲôãܿɹǣԴϻʵ֮һµ٬з
ϸѭ̫ιʮһϣٴγֿԪʢ
һķϣճһԳϾһëԲˡ
ȷŪ񵽵ǵͶ̥·Ƿ޺פ
Щ̫Ҫˡ
ź͵һûáͶ̥Ͷ̥ˣȴǰ
һ˵ֱͶ̥֮˸ǹ۶ȻǷӵ˼롣
Ҫģճ࣬˶ѡ
֮ԣͥλеֶαȽºͣΪЩ°Լëˣܲ˵Ĵֽš·ˡǾȫɱѪɺӡ
ʱһɢˣ˭Ҳе
ڵľƾǣӻǴ󳼣ôһЩˣͥɽ
㲻ǰ֪ԼĿ֮ʣܻ޵ƫ̡
ǽź¸سɮˣɼ۽컨׹
ңǿʼڸ֮ƻ
Ҳû̫Ϊֻǹж
ҪֶΣһ߱羭
ʵһ壬ճ֪ӦΪȡµ׼ж
·ӦûǸԼӵġ
ɾնһ֮ϡ
ԴӾݽһ˿϶ͥˣɽͳɽҰ֣ȻҲһЩ
ͥأҲ˳µİչ˼֮С
¾ӪЩճ߸˺óһʱ䣬ڣ΢ƽ⡣
ǾǣֻҪ಻Ű񣬰ؼճҲݲǣһֻ۱һֻۣ˳Ȼ
ӣôһͥ
ĺҲһЩմ״ʵĹϵܵ½Ȼţġ
˼˿ڱʢֻҪڴ˴㹦£һˮˮͻΪ档
пѰҵᣬɾ
һ㣬ͺܲס
ѰӵǾҵҵ͵ˣͥ˳ӦʱڣƲ꣬ʩ£Ϊ֮£ΪͥΪҲ˲С¡
һգ˲پƣͶ˳Źһͷ֪ôģڳϣһָһЩ֮езϺ֮ˮΪ˲١
˵һЩԶѪ
Щˡ
ˣλԬ˵
㲻ú׼𣿻Ա߲㣬˼ôһ㶼׼ȻûӣҲͲˮ塣
ò˵Ǹʵȫû뵽ʲôı
ҵԬسϣöԷڶĽˡ
±飬۶Էô㣬ʱԼŪֽžöԷ޴档
»ˣԬس׼˵ڶʲôʱףʲôʱ꣬¼߷ٵˮ
أƲѾΥּͥ⡣
ϵʿ˻꣬ƫ¡
Υּͥĺء
Ϊһʱ֮øն̨ϰһ³
˵˼ĴκնסκնʱӶӵһ



1897 ıı£
뷨ȷЩˡ
Ȼûŵ飬ûסͥնκöԷһϵͥն
Ǳնˡ
һǻԹɢǾʹ˲ҹҹ죬ֵûʹð
ң˺λӣܵظ
һ֮һͬʱо飬֮ģ³
ճ˵ֶΣ޷ǾǷıͥЭ
ŵƺǼֱףûʲô̫ĵط
ʱ¾ĴҲ߸ϢᾪգӰ쵽ʹԷ
ʱ䣬ЩԳس˵ˡ
һ£ȫͬ
ΪΪʵۣʧǰòסºǰҲӦá
ңҲǸûгҰվ壬ݲͣôնˣһʧȥǵĿΪҲȻ
ҪǣĹ꣬ûʵ˺Աա
ֻѡ
ôһɧ߶㲻ϣǵճ˶նɱ
ȻأλԳΪϾٶٴ񣬾ͳױ˵ӣĴѰøɮҪô󷨡
նţĿĻҪħԼ˯һþ
ػ۵ı㣬Ҳճ۾ġ
һֱڵϳ칬Ժ̫
ֻҪԼҲɣʽֽȥ
ȴû룬Ҳ֪λ󱲻ʵǲĸˣûԼڵ
󷨣ͥ񳹵Ժ
Щð˰㲻ԸȥͶǺûӡ
ԺĲ£ճҲЩ΢΢ա
ҡҡͷ֮һ£崽ݰ׵ˣĬȻ
ϲȫһλȴϵõġ
ΣΪϲһӡ
мТģǼһԸô̶ӻͦ
ѩŮЦȥҲЩ⡣
Դһ֮ӸˣδЦȫޡ
ⲻ߸Щִǣôηˡ
ңŮһֱڼ֮ˣҲôȥܡ
ճЦͲ´ˣСӻǳТ뷨˭˵أ
һ㲻ͬʵλԭĹ֮У󲢲̫á
󲻾ãͰС뷿УŪƵĴ¡
Ȼԭʷ֮飬ӰӶûЩҲȫһˡ
εͻǿܶԭչͬ
ǣһֺĶ켣ôԲ²⡣
ճĶĳЩ顣
ǰΪĵöͷѪճûаҪֵ˼ﰵһ㡣
ȻôСһܳȥ˺úõĽѵһ˳ˡ
ߣѻʹгֵһЩɨͬʱõ㷨סԼλӡ
Щ飬û
һΣͳ˳칬ֱ븣¡
ѩŮಽĸţﻹͣţүҴҵ˴ô㶼û칬벽һβúõԹµˣЩͽܵ뷨
ǰǰʦʲô飬ͽȥˣҪȻñ̲ǻʦֵ֪Ȼֻġ
Ա֦ҡΣӰһӢŮ߽
Ա߻һԲС
ȴϧ
ôȥˣһ㶼ϣϵϢҲޡ
˿ȥ˾ͨ˼ҵŮСһ㣬ûаơ
ճȴ֪λŮӣʵԼʮλˡ
쳤վãЩӾʲ̫ɫĿాڵ˽ѾľͿϣɾҲ̫Զˡ
ϧʵǸ𳤰鱨˵ĸˡ
Щ£ѩŮԲٿأͷ´ȨרճԣɶŮŮԲٰ졣
ڰУÿ˶˻򸻹ƶݣճЩԼˣǵŷţԼĴƻʵ۴󳼣ǲġ
ôүҪʲô飬ҪЩСͬⲻɣ˵ϧʲôе뷨Ȼûʦҷˡ
ᣬⲻǼʦ壬òרʦЩֻͲͶȫǰɡ
ԲԲ۾գͼ£ЦЦֺţʵ̫ˣܾûֵóֵĿ꣬δӹġʦһ֣ǾͰѳ¹ͷ˵ĻǴ˹
ˡճЦ̧ͷȥͼϧĲϱʿ
һֵססҼ˵Ůǡ
ȥϡԼŮսãü֮
һƺҪɢǡ
ңʱʱʿϧŨûǸ⡣
ܺã֪쳹ĺɮʷʦԼĸ䣬ܱܲϣֻԸƹŷ𣿡
ҿǷʦ׳һƤңȴǸТ֮ͽý޲ԼƷ£̸նϧüһ¶ɭɱ˵
ˣϧ˵òȻɱ̫ˣһֱԭһ֣ǰ̿϶
ʦأճ佱ϧĽӶԲˣβſĿ⿴
ˣѩŮһһߣŭֻҪúȥŽ̷˾ЩŮ˵پۻᣬҲûǰ;
ѩŮʦ˵ĶԣС
ЦУѩŮһʱҲס־Ҫȥ˺С졣
ϧһԿţӲϣ֪ʱ¶һ˿ůЦ⡣
ճΣһڳͱˡһˣСһ㣬Ҳעࡣ
żŮͣճ̾һֵЩһֻضˣɳﾪŻʵۣĿľΪ˸ʷʦơҾҪȥһʣλտӣԼϸԳңĸԾôģ



1898 Уϣ
븣¡
ʱѾҹĴȻƻͨû˰ͶСʢȴǶ˼Ͱȡ
̴ǣʯС·ϣͻʮƽ
Ժռʮֿ㣬Ⱥʾηֲָβӳ
ܿóЩ˴ԺʮֲףճƷţţȻԭеķչǰ㣬
Ժ࣬һСԺ֮ڣƵ͵ƹâһһյͣﲻԾľͻЩů֮⡣
һơһһһš
һС
Ŵĵзеķ𾭣ɨһ۴Ӵ߷뷿еķ۶꣬̾Ϣһ¶˴ȱ֮ɫ
ɴס˻棬Ҳס˷ɶ˻ȡ·
ޡȆǡ߆ҹҮ
ƺֳѳĹԣ˫ֺʮ߶ؾģԺһƬ͡
һȱΪʥɮ
ͻأˡ
ŵķ֨߹һʹ˿ƿ
Ũ̻ɫƹ⣬йС֮ϡ
ͬʱռӰ
̧ͷޱϲĮƽ
˭
ʷʦ㸸ĸǰ̽㣬֪кθ룿
ճ˫֣ϸżŮӣдǰһĻ
¹ﲼƵĲ֮ϣʱȫǱ롣
ĿԼӣһܳӰɡ
ۣͿ飬Ө͸ƺܿ͸Ʊϡ
Ҫǣֻһָ߻ʣͬһ㣬ⷽظ롣
סĸסһɲǵãת˲ָֻƽ
վʲһճˣӷСɮȻң쳾£֪λʩǰкιɣ
¹ͷ촽ţҪ˵ʲôû˵
ԶӵķӦû̫⡣
ǰѾˡ
ңȥЩ֪ʶֻǱסȴӴӳû֮ʱѾҲ̸ʲô顣
ܵģʵΪԷˡ
ʱޢ껪վˣʱѾΪһĻꡣ
Ȼ֪ΪλδǰȥתͶ̥ٴμȻо絶ʡ
»֮ʣ
֣Ϊ˱סں踺ضꡣ
ٴμ֮ʱȻҲѱ˴ɱˣȴǲлѿٳж󣬸ɴѰ˶·
һΣΪӵĽûֹ˵Ѿ˶ǣҡ
ǰֻ֣б뾭һƹŷ쳾Ͳڻ
˵Ƿӣԡ
ȻΪ˶ӣʱ޵õǹĴƮɢ
鼤һЩ¡
ʹ֮£Ʈɢ
粻
ճһָһ׹ɢ¡˵ϣĻʵһЩ
Цһ˵ΨģΨʶ죬֮޳˷𷨣͵ԡȻҲǳߵ壬ǰĳ¼Сٲͬһˡ
Ȼͬһˡ
ճ֮Уλü֮һԶãƴ֮ƺһֻƳĶطس
ÿһѪ⣬ɢŵ㣬ϱһ㣬˲Ρ
˵УɮԳϣΪͻͽԭճһᣬҲʮɮЩͬѣӡ
תĲһֳƺš
һͷϹ
ô˵ȡһ£ͬһȫް࣬塣
ˣ˵ͨˡ
ܵԪ֮Լļ¶ճǰֲçˣԼõ˵˺һЩͬ
оͺ֮֡
ҵˣ᲻֮У̫ϡһ㡣
ճĬĬĹһ£˵ס
ϵ˹֮ȻԼƽõ˵˸һΡ
ǲ˶ҪǿһΡ
µûϵˣӦǾˣҲˡ
˵й£˵ˣй£УΪ¡
ȡ֮ͨ·Ϲ峯ʥ֮·Ӧþ¡
꣬죬Ƿ˲Ʒߣֱ׷ˡǴϿɣֱӷְͥͬ
Դͥ䣬ΪĳЩԭɢ֮䣬ûбȡƿء
ͥɽʥԶߵӦþݷԴˡ
ʥ֮·˱ߣܵòʲôô
ĳʽٻɼתߣɾ˵ˡ



1899 У£
ŵĴ㣬ճȻǲ׵ġ
ֻǴӽƳ̣𰸵ǷȷʵҲûס
ǣҪһ֡
ȡ֮£Ӵ˼ʼΪӣֱߵɽޱˡ
ȡɣϲձԹǶ෽Ĺ͡
˵ºֹӵʱӦö෽˭Ҳ¡
˴ͷźͥջ񡭡أ¼ķ˼ҲӦûôģȴֻǴ˽͡
˼䲢ûеõô÷ڶ˸ȡ˵ˡ
һ˵ֻ˹ףûеõô
˻̫ϸˡ
ճ֮У˼䷽棬ŻģֻЩɴ˶ѡ
ճͣѩŮһԾͺǺЦ䲻˵븣´˼أڳϽʷʦ˼ҡ˷Ҳ˼䷨Ķ԰ɣ
ϧ˵ͷЩƿִʹԴƷǼΪ˽ģԣǳΪɮ񡢲ҲТ֮ͽҲǲˡġ
ʵôʷʦףհĸԾȥֹԴҲֻһо̷𣬿̣
ܡѩŮЦŨȲҲТļһûǴĻϧӦʲôţ
Σն
ϧޱ飬档
Ҫü˳ϷһͰѺеﵹûʲôȴ澪ֵĴг
ƮƮܵճǰæݵҵҼҺҲȴûвТ־УʷҲûʲôδˡ
ûϺͷɶ궼û뺦徻һƽȡĸͨ·ˣҲû𡣡ѩŮӿڵ˰ݵѪң΢΢˲ϲ
֪飬ѻ󷴲λŸɮأֻ֪ر档˶ȥѧֻΣ
ɢ֣䲻򡭡ַӣ˼洦նˡϧһ϶ԣʹһЩɭɱ⡣
⡭ԴһΡ
ȫû뵽֮ͶԼ
⼸븣֮ǿ˵ҲǼٻ
ӷҷȰƣ׹ǣ󷨣˳ѷףλŮʩ˵𷨶˼û洦أ
ɣҲáʣ¶ˣһ˰ɡ
ȻЦģӰһڷ΢͵ԣá
ֳʻ
ֻһ֣ʷʦľ֫ľͷһķۼþҪץߡ
顣
һϺǰӰңһ޺֮УŭĿ״
ָţˡ
֮гֵһƮƮĿϺС
ɫֵɫ˫Ŀʮ͡
δ£Ϻе޺˵ԣ󷢶ʺǰ

һ
һֻϸһֻ޴ײһ
ʹǽɫâȴǸһȦƣ֣ͬϺкʻС
ƹڰݣ˿˿ƣת۾ͻָ
ϺǰϸСѪ˿͸ɫɮۡ
Ȼһָûˡ
ȴ߰˲˦˦ֱۣʦϺкӲ壬幦Ҵơ
д³˰ɡϺǽɽַ˼ʥߣ޺ָӲƴȻǲеģ
ϧҡҡͷĮˣԸָɮ͵ȶñûʲô˼
ϵһ죬Ѿһ߰˴̽â¼䣬һնɽϺӵĽ֮С
û֣˿˿˺ѿ
վ֮أѺۡ
ӡűնм׷ɡ
ߴɮƮţ۾ɵôͭ壬ɮ΢΢ͣٴС
ȻҲˣһԼѽӵס
ǰԲԲСֻãԼ¶ѾˣһΣȥ͵Ĵֽ֣ôֿ
޳֣Ѿ޳޺ֻԲܷɽʤ˼䲻˵ȫ޵֣ҲǶھݽ֮ڣżĴħҲΣոо
⼸λǺˣΪҪѰʵĻ
һˣϸϧϽ续ɫ䣬þ֡
İǰľ£ҲʦһЩ顣
ִߣǳ͢߸ˣתͷⱳֶһۣͷϿݵꡣһ⣬ֱȥ
ǵ̫٣Сɮ׾δԶӭˡϺкʲһд֮ɫ֪Сͽðǰ顣
ٺ٣㵱ʦ²ʸɣˣȻ谭ִǾ˾һȥɡ
ճЦЦͷһνĿ⿴һһСС
ҲݰУһ¡¡һֻ˹ȥ
ãƴһѹռŭ
֮߳أһƬ
ѹƬֻΪ̳
Ϻ֫ã貽âȫϨ
˵ʲô޺ˣоѪԪȫѹסˣһָͷˣñոճǻỹҪ
о¶ɫ
ͬʱȫǾ壬Ժ̨֮ýȻ


1900 ϣ
ݹȡ¼֮Уճмһֱú֡
ǾǣУɮʵ޵еġ
ħ֣ҪɮⳤϣÿһιǡôĶ׼ͽܣϡ
λųơ޸֮УôڶһëЩֲˡ
ǵӴ칬֮ʱһ֮ʮ涼ɷۡ
Ǻ޹˼ɵĻ󿪵ʱЩܹսٻغϵĴܻನɡ
ǿɲ˼ɮҲû̫ϸ΢˼һֱշԼλʦġ
ǣ·ϣս죬ȥģôλʥɮһֱأ
ȻҲпرãȫܿ
ǣһ⡣
ÿһĵֶһڳԵһץסƺУҪȥԸ峴
ΪëѪ壬˵ʱй˼ɵģ
²
ǣȻһЩ־Ȼῴ˳ۣҪ޸
ճͺЩ벻ͨ
һǧĴ֣ѵûˣһгÿξͶ˷ģϵջ󶼶סˡ
һ·Уλʥɮ˽ǹ⻷ɫչ⻷׺MAX˹⻷
ͽôֵӣûбನûɱһ˹⻷Ӧûַ
ԣճԡ
λʥɮʲôԭһ㡣
ڣĲ´ˣɮûǰ
Ҳûʲôճƥÿռ߳߷Բ֮ȫ硣
ǣƷ棬ǿ⣬й¶ġ
˵Ҫ˶ͷͲ˵ĸ
ȻϺкСҲûͷˡ
һ̣ճͷԼĲ²⻹Ǻܿ׵ġ
ϺȫͣԲ˫Ŀʴ
üĿʷʦͬľȴ͸ĳƽ
һ΢˵븣УǰӰһճоĪĳ˿˿̡
ֻǰпϲɱ֮ʵûбҪ
жԷҾʮ͸̸֮䣬Էͳ֮ŷʡ֪ƼҪǣһΪϹְ֮£Ȼ֪ʱأʳһЩҪϢ
˴ȷã̸
һճȻƾ΢΢һ͡
ǣؾδ֮䣬Ƭռͬϸ˿ʹЮԼȫڡ
³ֵȻȻճȥϸӦҲãԼɱˣ֡
û˷֣ǵü˫ֺʮʣʱϵɮҲˣӹһ˿Ȼš
һ˫Ⱥ췺Žߵӣճ
صķӡӰľɢȥƬԺĸ
紵ûд˿ơ
ѩŮϧ˻ڤڤһ֣ȴ鵽ΣΪǸ硣
ֻΪǷ汣ӡ
˵Ϊ֮ĳ¹һһ˼Ӿ֮£ʲô֪
ֻճͷı仯ͬ¼ƺõӰƬһͷӹ΢΢Ȼϱ˿ԣȴ¶һ˿Ц⡣
Ȼˣػꡢġ츳ͨͷŴ󷨽Ҳ֪ʲô
ճΪֻһ߾Ϳֱ֮ͨȡ֮ʱպ͸ħҪࡣ
ôһпͨ͸ı⣬ϲ
һԽԽԳҪ
ôʮɮǷżƻвһҪԣԶں֮ϡ
һҵļƻ͸ԳɹˣȥûбǾйˡ
ѹֻͣССһ˲Ϊָ
죬ͬһֻһ㣬˲֪Ŀռ䣬ֱ֮еֻ޴
ŴĳӣǹĵĳȾ类һ㣬ɢһƬƮ
һ˿ߵĽâӹֻȺĸۣݵһͱնѪ
𵴣šֱ衣
һҡ
֮о޴ɫӰһţǵײ͵̧ͷ˫Ѫ˿ݲֻ³һ㣡
˭ףԼʮתÿһεô٣ʵҪ
ÿһ٣Լķ𷨸һͨǹ
ԼǲܰȻ
ԪʱԾҲǷͽܹתĸڡ
Է͸ԻµķƣͻԪ˵ԼӰεԪ
ԣ޷ֿĹʸԵõһЩϵľ֣Ҳװġ
һ̣ĸӦ֮֡



1901 £
âݻǣ޽ֱ˵Ԫ걾壬ʶ޳ֵһŲģʱͳ
޴죬ͷһâ
ʱѾˣճָֻΪƣͷ䡣
һΣģǣ⡣

һ̾Ϣ
ǺαأϾɱ޷ܾˣྭӪصҵһҲ̫ðɡ
̾Ϣ˵ĴȰᣬĸ׶Դӣ黨΢Цԡ̲סͲȫޡ
ճЦδЪüȴ˷֮⣺֪һԻˡҾ˵Ҫ£ôܾһ޺𡣡
ϺСеϿգճݻǰȻһ֧˪ѩ۸첲
ָͬɫЮ÷㣬»ˮ޼Ƕ·
žžһ֮Уײ֮ɫţǳ
һ΢ը֣ճɫͻȻըϵһ΢΢һ˿ɫ
ٿ˳˲ֵ࣬ſڣ
ǰƶ䲻֪ɺζһİɫӰ
ˮ䣬֧˪ѩֱ۽͹ճȫۼ
гһͷ˿ǰһ⣬ƮƮɵŮ
Ůһ֣ƺռйԣδﺬЦԺ·ûˣǰŵһɨա
һ֣ɨÿ˶оڿԼ
ʳһҲˣҲƽ͵ȻŮһۣһӷ
ϲ顣
ǳϲԣܿһͷͿڵϣݷ
¹˴ųֵŮˣľ
ѩŮϧȴʡ
ΪģǸоΣ
³ֵλȻŮװޱߣû˻ϴԷݡ
˼İʱţķѾģŷ£°նϿɵġ
ǰλʾǾȿѡնɴȺϺ
Ĵ˵鼰˼䣬һЩɫСӣⲢλϡ
ڣΪһλʵĳЩʵȨķӻҪǿϾǵǰ˼Ĵˡ
һ㣬ճոսֽӴзȨ
ǽ˻ٵ۳ˣ̶һɲʱ֮ڣλʹϺϵ˼˴·ռǰѾʧȥ塣
ָֻһޱ߷棬ݽ綼ûѹסĹ
⻹ûж÷ı
ͷһΣճƾžתûռƣ΢΢·硣
ǵޱ۾·Ҳûλֵĺƣ֮ռ
һȪ˵İٶˣһΪѾԣ£ȴ֪ΪΣҪɱ䣬ҷ£
Բףĳǣǽ̫ˡҳãҵطĳȴǲòܡ
ۼƤ򣬷ϵڶûеһһλΪŷŴĴæµ
ճһҲҴ⣬Ըȥ۵
Ϊ۲
˼Ұ׵˵ɺڵģǧ򻧣ǵ֮
ǷֶΣһһɡ
ˣճֻǿһ㣬ҵģôûϵ̹˾ͲС
һһЦͬٻʢȻλؾͲٹ˼֮˰ɣĪѣ㻹ĻƿһУֱǧ̫꣬˵ɡ
кβɣڹָճΪ⡣
ޱ۾ȫƵö֮е˵֮˾ݽķֻλžŰʮ꣬˻λ
ⲢԸˣ˵˶ԷֻǸ˵ŷһӣöԷȺ֮
ƴ֮£˭ûкô
ǣ˽ʱգճʣѾ㹻İգЩ˴԰֡
Ѿʸ֣塣
һƣܴܲϡòǣ
֪ŵʲôֶΣþݽһ˿϶ܳ˼ʵȼҲӦó㷨
һЩˣֻҪһЩۣҲԲ˼䡣
˾棬ͥɺͷ޺Ͷ̥ճҲûкô
˼ȻͿóƾ˵ǣʵ̫½顣
˭˭޷Ǿƴһˡ
ʵĻĿģҲǴų˺ճԼĴ㡣
ʱҲᣬûչʾ㹻ʸʵ˵ٶҲֻЦֻǿ߲зȨġ
ף֪ʲôԭţ
ü΢ָţͻȻЦ㲻֪ѿɷһ
ǵôճЦˡ
˵ʫ续гһֻ״ƿӨ͸⻪
ָӡĴָָϣһ֧̹֦漸ˮ⣬ӳ߲ʹâҫ
кβɣ
ճɹȻӦŵ
ƣǰһӨ֣ͳƵһѱ
ᰣޣһɱ˹̨䣬Ժܿһ𣬾ź
ڵһ̣ǹ֮У֮⡣
ճ΢΢һ˷ܣЩ΢ң٣ھȥλһƻ档
ֻǹҲǲܶԸ



1902 
Уµ˼ʵȴ۵
ճ˷վãȻҲе
統ڵ֮ʱ಻Ϊƾ֮ʱ͵ϼߵͣʱͽдһҲн֣ǴһϹ
˫̫Զǲ˵жԶԶ
򣬾ǲ֪ˡ˾ǳִɱҲܽί
ɱɷ¶ƽɣĶޣȴҲûгɳ̰գ浽˵ʱ򣬻Ҫ˱һȵġ
ս˵ú۵˵㣬Ȼдܡ
۽ʲôĿճȻ֣ǾӲҲӱܡ
ʵϣճڣڳ˶֪λ۵УǶճʮˡ
ΪѾĳʸ㿰ΪԼ;УճûܳɳΪԼöĵ֮ǰж֣Ȼ
ǼɵҲ
ƴ޽ʲô£ճ̫ʲô£еġ
һ⣬翣ûŶԺһһľûжڳɰв
ֻǰʵѱ硢ŮֵӰն˹ȥ
һճ½ɵĽᾧԽкͼɵķ顣
һ֣޵С

ǵεĽ̳ϬĽ֮αĿ
ֻбԴ֮ΪɵĻʱʱֻʴǡ
Խռ䣬ƿϣֱ
˵ֽͣҲȲִزƵġ
ǣ浽˶ֽ棬ֱס
һһһȭһȭֱ㣬ࡣ
ԪǿѾҪĺʤʽ
ǿٸߡںηҲĿ꣬кã
ܴǳնĹԸɾʹޡԲĸ֣ڡ޼ٵӰ鲻׼еĻֻô
ΨгڹĽܹѵĶ֡
סȻǵ;ն
ˣҩҽ
֮µĽ淽ʽֹȻƣʵϣȴࡣ
ҲǣĶ֣¶˵ԭڡ
ǼǺͺģǵзֱҲʮֽ򲻵Ѳ˺Ƥ
ʱǻΪ棬ʵ˵
ǵõ޿κ֮ʣŻĴ֡
ճڹӣû֮Ϊͬ֡
սսʤ֮һжΪ⣬ڡ
˽⣬Цˡ
Ữˮ飬һϸӨ¶ͥԺˮڼ䣬һ޴ǰС
࣬Ȼ
ˮƶǶѿԽӹռ䣬ֱķ

ճһն䣬ƺռ䡣º֮Уһ㲻ļӰ⶯䣬Ǻݡ
СϲޱȺͣ汯ƺǧ֮Уƺ޴Ѱ١
Ľնı֮ϣֻἤһ˿ơ
һЦ˾
ԭԼһն֮ʱѾܵ˹
ǶǾ綯ĴѾ
ճصľ磬˼ŷ澭е࣬࣬壬ǰ˼Ĺʽ֮̾࣬̾Ϣһ
ÿһߣŶһ޶ı¡˾ǧ򣬲ʩɫҲʵǿֶֻѡû֪ĵ˻ȻһƲ𡣡
ȻľǶ֡
ճ֪һ㣬Ľ֮ʱͷֶԷɢľӨ¶ѾΪһ̺ɢɫ⡣
չĥѪ⣻¹ⸯʴԪǣǹ̽ʶ
ˮճǺϤģӶ֮еľ컭ꪣʵˮᾧɡ
ƽˮâԸˣʱӭӹĹŷ֣ˮʮѲý
в࣬дԹ
һ֦¶ӳǵˮ⿴ȻƲƴȴص纣һ㣬ǻûʵ
йе֬ƿԪʼֵİ˱ƿһлˮ׹ǣҽ
ճװˮķжʱʶԷɵˮֹ֪жˡ
ˮԲڡ
͸оĺ֮ˮѹԼ֮ϣԪת顣
˼Ļ纣ˮһ֮£᧿ΣȻ
ˮ޷ǡ
ֻˮӣ֮УȻѪڣ겻棬֬ƿ֮УӰ١
˵УǾǱˡ
˴֮УĳЩıһͰУȻһʱ̾ͻΪѪǿֲ
ճ˷ĸֲٿƵѵ
۽в֣ӦǲӦĶ񶯣⶯ɱ
ʵϣˮĹվԭأδǻϸ֦ȴѾճ֮ϡ
ٶ֮죬ˮ֮ϡ
һʱ䣬νڡԶ뾲ֻһ
ճıнЩǣһ֣ճϾͷ𵭵⣬žӨʯϸףɲ֮仯ľҪݡ
ˮľ
ԸɾµĶ֣ȻҲûа⡣
ó֬ƿֶΣŸóˮľĵбԴ󷨡
Ҳĳйء
˵ûнŵһְ֮ǰԪʼµʮ֮һ
ϰϷ޷ֶζÿ£սҲḻþˡ
ңûʲôԸԴӶֵĻϰԣһ־Ѿóֱ졣


1903 Ψңϣ
ү
ʦ𣡡
ѩŮϧŮһ󾪣Ȼ˽ʲôľɣеְء
ֻԼʦһն˻֦辣¶顭
ȻЦӯӯĹӰʵһ£Цǲģճߣȴɫתɴɫ
ﻹףʮˡ
֮ʱµľǿƲסԼ任ʡ
Ψһһݻıʡ
˵粻ζǧֱͨ£Զ
˾ǰˣ˾ͻ
ճɫı仯ŮͬʱĵҲƲס
ǣ˽֮һӰɲڴ˷
ǾôģҲֲˣֻܸż
ոճͼǰֱˡ
Ϸ̹ճϿ֮ڶ¶·ڵƤ棬ơ
Ҫˡ
вſͷһЦ⡭
ճͻȻ͸Īʡ
ţ֮弯ᡣ
֮ڷӿ˳ˮ첨˲ϢŲʼȼ

ճϲôһֱͻƲ޺Ԫ޵ԭˡ
ԪҪﵽ޾磬ȻҪԭĹʱռ䣬Ψһ
һ㣬ճʱģûа취֮Ψһ塣
ҪͲʡ

棬תȫˮĥȴҲһֱδͻƣЩˬˡ
ŹԴճһֱԪǰߡ
Ϊû̫żֻҪԴ㹻ǿƹؽ
ǣڳ칬˼£˵ճջĲ١
˵糤ӣ֮УСԴԴǧǿ
˵ľתӦɾƳƿﵽһβŶԡ
ǣʵ
ڰתڣǲͻƴЩΡ
ھݽ֮гưԻԣŵ棬ԵзŴУµĹʽԼͶסιͻ
ƿ벻׵ôһ£ֻΪԼûнӴŹıʡ
ҲǱʦ浱ͽ֮ʱûֱͻƴޡ
ˣĹĳȱݡ
ǾǶһʽӡУǧͬʱ
ճԪʱܵв
Ԫѹػ粻ûйϵ
ȴܲסִϮҪ٣һһ
ΣղлᣬΪһսӲɣ򲻸ʶ׳
תģλΪ˫ܴ֤š
ǰڻףڽȥʵĸԴԶҲܴﵽġ
־ⶫƵĳ£ûı޴ġ
սսȥ
ڼճ޴Ĳŭ֣ѪϸͻȻԡ
ÿһӡǶͬ໴С
˾ͳԣһ֮䣬ճ͸о˴ϲ
ϸ΢ͬſĴ죬һ֮£Ͱ֮ɽȥ
ͬʱôЩ֮л۵Ľˡ
Ʋ
֮ͻơ
ܣһһεĳſããˮ⡢⡣
޵Уɢȫ
մƤϸѺȻ˿˿ƵĻɫϢۺء
һ㰵ϼɡ
ţһһӰܹ߳߸˫
ЩӰһڻɫ΢΢һΣͻΪһأͷɢĳಲ׳
һԵľ޴ͷ
Ϣ̹ŷ࡭תȻתɣɾޣٲĥٵء
һֱӯӯЦ⣬赭дӶ֦Ĺڱɫ
ι⡭
ԣһǣңԶ֮Ӱת䣬Ѷȥ޼ά֮С
š
һһһһ֮䣬ķӦν졣
֪ǹͻƵһ̣֮£ǹʱ̡
ʱĶ֣ʵϵвӦûԶ֮⡣
ԣԳһοʼܡ
ĶɻԳٻһ㡣
Ƿ˹У໥֮ʱҪȫܿǲܵġ
ʱ˫˼άÿһתǧ֮һ΢룬ʱڷ仯
һԪߣʵΪ飬ɢ֮ʱ͸о΢΢һ



1904 Ψң£
ǰ㱼һҰĴ󺺣ƺһ޴ͷƺһڵİ꣬һ⻯Ϊз棬նĤ
ɵϢ֮ءˮ𡢷ͬʱһţɺϹ⡣
һۻƴˮϹһɨ类һģʧһ롣
֦ѾۡһɢɵԪ
ʵӰתʮǧӦͬʱҷ𡭡һâ㲻ӡҧסţݡ
硭
һ졣
Ժ֮ڣ΢΢бһġ
ʥ߻ݣһ˿԰ɫ֮һѪӿţо¶ɫ
Уλ֦ڽ֮е֬ƿϲҺɫƣƺһ̾Ҫ鿪
ֱζţ洫ˮ
棬ճʱü罣Ŀն
һƷէֻŰɫâһ˿⡣
ʲôܴ죬ôδ
ȳһ˿ĪɫʮֺСŮºͣ˿⡣
棬ҿҲǿ˶ˡճ̾ϧվǹһ
Ҳȥ׷
ܴƹǧӦٻ鱦֦ѾǴ֬ƿн𡣶ڹ˵ʧ
ճ˵ʵǽҽҡ
ոԼ黯ļӳ֮£׷Ź׷ɱ
㾭ռܸţನһֿ⣬ڻ˵λ
һɻۣ
ճЦᶼᷨ顣
Цˣ˼ʣͰԼƽгȥǲɵ
һͦо˾޴š
ʵ֤ڽ棬ڽ棬ƾžתİת߶鷨ΪڲѾ㿰ƴ޽ɱƴ
ֻҪӦһ˿۶ô㣬ôݺݵİһǣǲܵġ
ֵֻˮ硢ǬĺǳĴ֮
ճոͻ֮ʱһƤë֮ɹȻȴҲ˭ܵסġ
ϧǣԼԪ񾳽վûͻ˴ޣûдﵽΨһԲΣǲܴ߶ܡ
͵ѹòĻҪ¹һЩܵġ
ʱȻͲˡ
ո˵ö޹Ѿ㿰԰ˡ
ѩŮϧȫϲ֣¶ݡ
Ŀ֮ȴǲ˼ɫ
벻Գ棬ȻһСڸͲٴγ֡
ʲôΣսôǿ᣿Ҳκβ˼ıĴҪزۣ
еˣʷʦʵϾͱûҰܣ۹֮Щ΢Ĳʡ
ȡõʱҲпܽӽɹĻᡣ
ʱͬ𶼽Ϊ֣֮һ·ǣɾͷɾ粻
ѵҪˣ
촽ţҪ˵Щʲôǣֻоɬһ仰˵
ôδ˵һɢޣֻ˼СɣȻ⣬Щ
ʥɮֻǱֻܵ˵Ľɫ޲ʱֻĿһŶʵ̨֮һҲҷ
һΣˡ
ȡ֮£繲ѳɶ֣¶Ը棬Ҳ׵ġǿ裬ʵΪǡ
ͷһԼеѺ۵֬ƿ΢ɲһ˿ʹ˻
ٴ̧ͷȻǶׯӺݣɫȺ͡
ƺǰնһܵ˺ĲԼһ
ȣۡ
ճЩˡ
ǳɹˣȷŲ֮ۼöˣޣʼ̸С
ת֮Ȼһ˿
̬ȣճȻܾ
ˣʵϣճ򣬴Ҳû塣
ոճͻ֮ʱ򣬲ٿͻķΪ˶һֲ
㣬Ҳû˵ԷĸֻռһЩϷѡ
ٴȥڻΣգǣڹ׼£ȡʲôսҲ롣
пܵĽ֣ݡ
ԣ̸ͬȼĸֽ÷
Ȼճľ绹ûﵽͬĲΣȻܹܣʤһ㹻ʸվǸλá
ЦЦҲвסã£ʵһЦʵûĳεºܣΪУֻµý
΢ֵȡһ£ŵˣµ壬ǿƽӰ쵽˼İͲ̫ˡվÿ˭˭˺ô
ʵʵڵҪôˡ
ɫ糣˵ͷûȷʸһ



1905 ɽˮԶϣ
ճ͹ǰ֮䣬ʹƴһ
򲻳ʲôǣֱӿʼ̸С
ʵǷеĳ̬
Ȼɣ˶ǱȽϽӵɣպ޷ŭɲʲôġЦеģһź
Ȼƴڵж״̬ƺѾǰõ¼Ҳûճİǰնɱ˶ĺĩĴɮ
˵ֵģܵ޴ţ΢΢ŵʷʦҲס
ѩŮ˾ãȻɴ۾֪ڳЩʲôҲϰԼʦûʲôġ
ɽַУ𾪴ʱδȥǴޱߡȺնɵĹ㡭Эˣ
ϺҹУţ۾ãȻʷʦһȫܽʵ
ʷʦΪʵʵһΣﻹδƽȴΪ̫
˵Եǵλۣƴ·磬˵ùȥ
ֻ˼һɢɣδģȫܽܰ
ʱŰһ¡
ЩӰежֻƲĻ֣ûг߸˺
ĻʱһסԼ
棿ܡ
ʲô鶼Ҫ֣Ҳÿˡ
ʵϣܹߣնħʵǰλ
ۼֶͬΪĴ⡢͡زҲǱġ
ճҲϻֱǰЦǺǵеļҲλԺġܸ硱жôĲڣȻ˵ҿʷʦ已̥ʵ΢ӹʵ̫˵㣬ѳеΰ
۾˵Ϲȫʷʦ̨֮еϹŽԺ
һ·ɽˮԶģ̫գϵ֮㣬˴ѣߵɽΪȻ񣿡
⣬Ȼʵ΢Ƿ׵ȡ֮ˣиϵش󣬴Ҫþȫɵġ
˵ЦһЩӲĪλѳ˼ļһڴȡͷ⣬ôУ
ʮȡΪ˴ĳʽ֮ͨ·֮Ӵ໥
ߵͻؿعؽ塣
ʵϣλӵͨУǴԿס
˭˶ԣΨʷʦ
οΪϹŴְڷ£Źһ
õĹºˣʵҲ͵ڷŵõˡ
ճɨһɫˣп϶ԼĶ
ǲҪԼҲûдӸԷȨǸܵ顣
Ȼˣʦڼ磬ҪСĲǣһĳħˣǰһ·ͬС
ճĿڡ
һϷǣǣףŪ֮λŪжҲǿԵġ
˭ʣ˭Ǿ仰ɽˮԶģͿһ·ϸֶˡ
ϷݼΣôġȡһ£ǿĹʹС˭ܻȡˣ
նħǣȻҲл鲢ݣ˵úܡ
ͣûͣһ£Ӧ룬ԷԭⰡ
֮һ˿ЦݣҲ֪̲ʲô⡣
Ӧ˸ûӦһ
˵Ӧֱ֡ӦУʵǲеġ
ճҪģҲֻǶԷĿͷŵѡ
ȡɱɳɮ˽ǣ
еȻٲ˼䳯ɳȥĻ֣ǣԭĹоһ衣
ʵĻˣûɽֻߵ˫ͱССʳɾ
˼һ;Ϊ˼ѡ
ճҪģʵܹһֱ߹ͨ·ֱɽҲǵͥʥһ·
ʵϣҪľǲˣҪзһʡ
һ㣬Ҳ׵ġճһ˵ͶˣӦ
ʲôͲö֪ˡ
Ը㣬Ҳȥԣħ뵱ֲ˭ˡﰵ롣
ճҲ΢Ц㣬ֻҪ֣ҳϣĿŵɳΧɱˡЩħֵĹŲڰ·Ҳãȥͼıʲôͨˣ
ǣڣֻƣ˴£ƺûа١

븣µԼڳ޼ˣû̫֪
üͥɽļλУǿ϶֪ġ
ճһʱ䣬ûеȵɱ֪šЩܣѾűϿְš
ʵеСԼĸ
ҲСһִĴ䷢չ֮Ѹͣȫϡ



1906 ɽˮԶ£
Էԣ˽ʵõġ
ܹõ˼֧֣ȡһµԳУֻôһ棬ǰκ붼Ҫ֡
ʵϣĳ칬ʹƻʳ߸Żû̫õİ취Ӧԡ
ЩϾѹһŲ֮£ܾܿͻܾˡ
ǳλ̫ϻ˼ҵж
ԭ֮ϣƾһ䣬ٻҵеӰӡ
ȥһ侭ģһƬ߶
һλֶΣǳ̹ˡ
ͨߣ̫ңǻ¡꣬ϲŪһСֶΣͻǻĥӶĳ
ǣһϲʮִıȡ˵ĻߣΣ
ɱɱ˵˵ֻЭˡ

ճʵյĳЩҲΪ֮۾Щզˡ
ˡɱ˵ܰӾ죬䱾ҲһС֮ˡ
Ȼֻھݽ֮ڵĽ棬ܷӳǿս
ڴ޲εĸ˵ʵסǶʱ֮ڵȫ
ؼǣս棬ȻǹһСһˡ
Ĳһ
ǿȥʹ˶֣ͬĸ
ӣô꣬ȥģҲû˭ˡ
һΧ󷢣Ȼ˺üƣҲһЩССɡ
֣Ҳû˭
浽˴޲Σ˭ûʲôֶΡһĹë򲻵
ԣûճĵ֮ǰǷҲϸ˼һȫѹǷֵá
ҪģǲܼãΪ
úˣһѺõĳλ칬ĺӻҪá
ؼǣĳЩпһȡλʵǻݶѵģˣôһã
ûʷʦڣͽܵȫ
ԭݵԪ˧;󽫣Ҳ䷲ͶΪһߣУܵò˿˼ӳ֡
һǰȥʩĳֶΰ˵᲻ӣֻ᲻ģ˵·Щħ֣϶ôöԸġ
Ҫ֪Ϊ𵣸նħεĺӣҲȫȥ
ΪʥɮʷʦԶ㣬һܶ
ֻҪﶯһСֶΣϾͻ

糯⣬ݳ࣬㶼ڴˡ
ǰһŽĵִ
ãᣬۼúյգʱ磬ƾźƣʵƶɮˣδҳƺš
ʱ˵оءָܿȡţغ磿
лƵ£ɮͷһ䣬ƶɮΪˣơ
֮У²ͬؾƣֻһԾ޷֮⡣زҲܡ˾ƣҪֻͷָʰһ鳾С
ز⣬̫Цܺǣȥվɽң·Զܿɽ˾ƣһĪ𡣡
ط֮⣬ллضȥ
ǣһУһͣټһŮˡ룬ççɽ֮С
ĽͺŮˣȻճѩŮˡ
ʥҪ̵ģճ˵˵ĥƤӣڴ˶Է뷨
ҲճĴ뷨ˣʥǱ̶̲֮Ů˵ͥɽڵɽһˡ
˼Ҿǲȥμ㣬Ҳܿĸס
ճһճ߽ȥ㵽ǳ֮еһ㡣
һЩϢ֪ܵѧ̨ɽбǶ档
ٶûˡ
ڱԪԼǲת֮ڣʲôġ
ףͲơ
ʥһռ˱˵ıˣȻ˵ճţһʱκβ̶ֶ̲㲻
ʱŪһСʥͻԸ𶼲¡
ֺοأ
ѩŮûϵˡ
壬ͨ޸ɣҲǵò˵ġ
Ҳ˵ȡ·Ҳǰߣ˸Ҳճһеԭ
ΨһͥɽɷĵȻճ
һս֮ЩӦûŵ
ÿһսÿһ㾭ĺۼ̽ܿͻ֮㻯
һ㣬Ƿ֣ҲѾ̫ˡ
Űǰͷɽ᫣ܲ
ճѩŮڵĸں棬һ·¶ޣ͵һնش
غоЩǳ
ԶХڼżſɽ֮лصţ΢΢ƺһֲо
ɫ㿴Ƿһ̣Ѱ˼Ͷޣȵڣ»ЩΣա
ʱʱľͻͷһۣɫʮֽţмŲȷһ˷ܺͿ־塣
⻰˵ô̫ˣճҲȥӦֻǿķɫżѩŮһɽҰһʲôҩⰾζ
ûԼƳҲѹ͵׸·Сз𾭡
ճϸĺʱʱļš汣ӡ
ļٵģճЩ棬ѵλسϸ֪ԼǽתԼ已̥ɣ



1907 ⣨ϣ
ں븣µľճҲЩɻˡ
һ·ɮıľһͨɮˣûа졣
ܼ֮ŶԷ̨֮еĲӰɮһ˵ɵС
ѵΪˣ
ճһܺõϰߣǾǴΪһȡӵ΢ǴδСκһ飬κһ˼Ϊΰ֮һһݣһһݣҲһ
ɮװңңϵջ
ѯλسϱˣ϶ʲһģڻ˿ۡ
ѩŮ㿴λطʦĺ£װģأ
Ȼĺ£ү뵽ʲôϡŹֵˡҵĻԪȻûͨԪһľ硣ǣͨӵһ״̬ƭҵˡ
ѩŮһЦЩԵõ˵
Ŷ˵㿴ҡճϣ΢΢ҡͷ
һ䣬Ͼͺ罬ɫ԰ףƣϸСļƤһԴ
˭һۿȥܷʱĻƣֽһһõ
ȫѪɬٻǳѩ˫Ҳ޹
ûκηһеı仯ȻȻ
ϡүˣǺôԸȣѩŮ˸ÿİۣͷ˿ڰڵģֵֿȫѪı£ں븣֮ʱҲǰˣֱӵøǴ
ѩŮһ˵ı顣
ͽԽԽûûСˣԶûСʱɰճĵԼĿˡ
ں븣֮ʱλطʦҲǾµòеģ
Լ֮ʱǽӰҪ֣֮йش󲨶
г֮ʱƽǳװġ
ȵϣǲܻסİȫ֮ʱֻɫ䡣
ôǽӰٿأֻǱһάȿռ䡣
ԭĹ֮УһλȻûܹΣգȴαŵð̾ʱޱӡ
һֱװģݼҲδ̫˵㡣
ҲһһЩظͨɮˡֻһҪȡ澭𷨣նˡ
ǾͰһͨпֻʵҪ̫⡣鷴Ӻðˣó카Ķǡ
뵽ճ̲ס¶Ц⣬ŹֵĿ˿˫ۡͷ纮ƳϣתͷѩŮͽܣͨ͸Ϊʦúý㡣
أ
ѩŮĵĺ˶ȴҲܾһԾ˿ƥӯӰճǰϣһſʦ˵Ļ
ԴĿڿ֮ϣֱ̾һ
ţѩŮСʱǰɰɶɨ˵ģճϻοɽˮҲ
һ˵ɢģչʵҲЩˡ
ɽ֮һЩ֮͸ˡ
ͨ
ͻȻ͵֮С
Բۣ
ô£
ŶŵĿͬЦճջ
ոʱû뵽Ȼһ֮С
һƣͼʸ֦Ҷסѣһ޿ӣǰ
ͨԻڵ嶼Щ磬ܿӵԼ׼޽ɣ
ճЩƣѩŮԾ·ԣЦ΢΢գȴһ˿⡣
ԶŶŶصХ֮˻Ƶ֮
ʮϰɽ޲ǣЮŶ˹
һĴɤŽеСǣȫ£Ҫ󱥿ڸ
һȺСһֻ
н˸ճͿɽҰϡŹֵ
ϰСԲ˵ȫһЩееļһԸͨ˵Ȼɷ
ֻҪԼеˣڶûдﵽĽ֣Ͳ̫຦¡
ֻ߾ɽ֮ϣ
죬צ繴ϰƽ⣬Ӧһֻͻɾ
Ĺؼݿ֮壬ʹеطʦ
λʦûų鶼һţǰι״ȳֵ֣øһͨһģһ
Ȼڱ˿Ĳ֮ϣһֻųüһֵĽɫⲨ˷
Ƭɽ֮䣬壬۴С϶ɵĲɫԣبŲãۻ벩
ţͬԶ
ˣˡճ̨ݺݵ͸һ˿
óԵġСѾͷһС



1908 ⣨£
ԭԴӽɽ֮󣬾ǽһ磬һ·
ɮϲ֪ľ
ȶ˵Ϊ˱ն֣˵з
򵥵˵λطʦʵһնıԴÿһνѶһλ
ŲⲨɢ໽ţһʵǿʮֹ˹
ȻΪ弤ԴѪҪǼ
ѹ·ϣЩԽԽͣӶ֧ţֻĴԮ
ոûвֱӵ֮УڵĹˡ
˵֮£һУԳƵˡô壬ҲԱ޵Ҫȫ
Ӧöڴǵ֮аɣνԮӦþǷֹӵĳַʽ
ճԹһ£ͲԼݿ֮С
һ飬ԭʧ׼йĦһ£ҪŪȡƵôеġ
ڱɮ壬׽ס
ڵġ
һ׼޽ɣɽԭĿ̫棬һɣӶ
ԭУɮ֪׽˶ٻأҲûһëȥ
߻ϸϸһ£ѩŮȴ֪⣬ǰݵһХ׾ն˳ȥ
ز𳤳ʹ˿ӹǰʮͷ­Ѫֱ£ɮͷŵ
Ҫˡ
һʱ䣬˳Ҳ˺汣ӡ
ףˣ
ճһԣнǱѩŮնɱʮֻǳϲɫĻ⣬Ϊǵͬɮü֮С
üǵ˸һ£Եøϡ
ɮˣ΢΢Ťεݣһ㶣Ϸ𱦹
üɽ£ׯϻһ
һ˲̬վڸ֮ϣǳת²񷡣
üһɱõ˺ôȫˡ
ֻնһ֡ãأҵĺôģ
ճ￩һ£ֵһָ֮еһͷͷ­ըѪּһɫֱɮȥ
ͣ֡βԣճһ
ѩŮӦսصճߣҲѧһ㣬
ʱѴﵽɲΣҪƭСС֣ǲѡ
үֲɱ𣿡
ѩŮЩɻʵ
ǲɱ˵㿴һɱس϶ûкˣûнǳְ
ŶҪȵΣͷٶҲá
ѩŮȻ
Ҳһ
ճ֪ôƣ֮ڣԪɢ˷ֱ֮ϡ
һͻƣࣵһʹĤƿ֮һϴ³ǵİ׷ͷ
ͷִһֻĺ춥׺ױϣܹ⻪Ӳӣɷǡ
̫׽ǣȻһԡˣ϶ͥɽɷӶһЩ顣ոһôҲ⡣
ճɲΪĶֵģ˵Ϊл
ȣ̬Щԡ
̫ǣǳϺˣҲǳǸ춼ЦǺǵһλɡû˭ͨΡ
ܹͥҪְõϿɣΪȻ̫ͣһٲ˵ġ
пܴﵽɲΡ
¶ϲڴɫôһ£
ճֻǿһۣ͵óۡ
һ̫׽ǵȷ˵ģպôġʲôôˣ϶Ǳʿˣһˮ
Ī洦
پʱδǵõȵɮ첻ӦеصزʱҲȡʱ
һ־Թؿ
ɮ٣ƽƾ޷ѣԮ볡֮ʱ
ʱˡ
ճϸһЩ䣬ϡǵù֮УλƳϵһǱ̫׽Ǿߡ
ºλ̫ûִһǷɽȫնɱǲǵˡ
𼱣ͽطʦԵͷ˵Ϊʦڻ볡
ѩŮԾԾԵҪӽճһѾסԼͽܣԾһߴۣ֮Ϊбб棬Ϸ
һᣬͻԾɽֵȥʮ£˺һ
Ҳ˵ټЩϧкСɮض
ңһֻһֻҰţﵽײεĴ
һ׼硣
Ϊû׽ˣֻõطʦһЩϧˡ
½Сˮëˢϸϴ֮󣬾С˹ʯ裬Ѻгʯ̨֮ϡ
Źͣǰʸģ׸ˣ֫۾ˡ
һƬ̿ˮɽЩʹ
ʱְĺϵ˿˿ˣʹţﻹ˵óڰʳָµĻ
԰ŹŹֻ֣һţ͸оԪӻԾΪǡǺѪ⣬ǡ
ɽ룬ҲСˡ
ţ⵶Ȼ£ǿﲻ̣Ҫ֣Ȼûע⵽ԵţغȺ۾
ҽп޺ճ߻صѩŮ΢΢¶֮ɫɮǰһ˿ƤѪ֡
ճһɺƴçĲɫ˳ɽӰҡΣŨ֮
֮Уǰ׷ͷº춥޺΢΢ᣬΪһ⣬ֱ
ʱճҲеĵ׽кҡ
ҲӲͷǻȵģ˰ɣ
ճЦһӰΪ⣬̫׽ǵǰֱɽ
Ÿ߿׹⣬ֻһǰͳһǺӡ
⣬ûš



1909 ׷ͯգϣ
ɽ˽ӣ˻ԴԺûɵĳĳЩ̡ηһɮظƤ
һСᣬ̵Ĳڿס˸ֹŹ˼һ¡
ŵһѪ⣬ֱɣһֻ޴ڻ״
ֻȫѪڹԪУ糱žžδԪѨһΪٴνЩ
⵶һ˿âۼþҪһ̵ס
ͻȻһЦ
𴦣ǰͳһɫָָһ

޴𵴳֮£ΪӲӽȦơ
ţ⵶˲ΪǧƬ˷䡭ɲɵıܿʯ̨ϵسϡ
һƬʮֻСգۼͻΪѪĭ
׵ţ⵶ɽڼ⵶һɲǼ䣬ͬ紵ĳһ㣬ϰͱ׶Ѫһɢء
𴦣ԭؾֻؾ޴쵻ϲˣϿ࣬Ǳıնһ㡣
ڲϵĳ鴤Եǿӡ
Զһֻţͷһֻɫ֡ǻûӸոսҪƷʢϲлعͼһĻ
һʹУ˲ñನдϲףֽСһⱼӡ
¡¡
ײɽļʯ
ִ֣һȣǰѾ޴ʯŶײأ·ֻС

Ѫһ䣬ɮͷȫԲ˫ۣƫƫβȥ
ճ²һӦΪԪ̨֮Уҹ׳ԪǣŪ־Ҳʮּܴ̼ͣǿ
Ȼл𾭣֪ԪԵʡ
ԪǿǿǷྻ޹˵ȴûйϵġ
ɮŵðհɵȫֲ״ֻǴ¡
죬Ѫˮڣһʱͽ˺ֻһŻҲƲסˡ
˲óӣһſڵµذ
ꡭ
ѩŮһԿУЦ
ĵԼʦ˿϶ǹΪһλƳϵģĻƾľƣ֤һѪܽ䵽ɮϵġ
ⷬô˴أ
λس˵ʵֻƤӾЩࡣ
һ·տʼʱѩŮһûһ˵˵
ճ̸̸һ֮Ŀ
ǣ·ߵþˣ˫ķͽ֡
ճѩŮ·;е׽оǼһ㣬һ߶ţĲĲɳ綾ߣԹ
̫ɨûС
ÿճ˳Ŵ⣬֮ʱɮͻիˣǰһĴի䡭
ֹʳȫ
ȻճĳչǲСһƽϡ
ѩŮ׻û̫龳Щܲˡ
һγǱſ羰Ĵ߶˼
˭ûȤĺԴţƫûаԾԼܷŭзúܡ
ʱźк˻Ѫﻹ̵סЦ⡣
ɮҪص㣬Żµøγϵӣһʱ䣬ѩŮֻȫЦû֦չ
ˣû˹𣿷Ӷ̫òˡճЦͼѩŮһֲ֧ҲЦ
ޣСûм⣬ʲôÿģѩŮ˶䣬æ
ʵүڿɱ𣿡
أ
Ϊڴƿ߸̫ãɱħѾγˣѩŮһħǱɱ֮졣
ɱɣʱѵССҲض׷ɱţͷ̫࣬ɷ̫ʢȴˡ
ճַһ飬ֻɱɮ֮ѣλϾȳѨ֮󣬾Ӵӿ
ǹɲɫɽ֣ЩηͷϾһžӨԣ۳ɺӿ
ΪɣһԼ߳ģֱӱԼˡ
һɣȴǶжֱ࣬ɮ̨
һᣬسݸԿӺݣڻ⡣
̨ݷŵϼֱǹ⻪ת졣üһɫȻ͸һ˿ѹȡ
ճֻǿɮһۣͲٹƣĬĬһ仯Ǵϲ
˴˵ʵʮۻ룬ǰ˵ֻܹࡣ
ǣɫą̂Ԫ͸оͬ˲ҩһ㣬һͼ
֡
ǳתۼԼ˱仯׮׮һӹ
ʱͻأƽǧ꣬زɣãռݻ
һԲ缦Ӱľ޴壬ɢ㣬ÿһһС磬йͬ
ǣչ֮УصƵͬλη໥Ӱ죬չ׳
һ
СݻĻԭԴڴˡ
Ԫ׳󣬴Ԫɱƿճһ˿ж
ûоϹʱ򣬺鵽ֱԴֻǿ쳾̤磬ҲֻǴС֡
˺۲ε۹Ӿѵõ



1910 ׷ͯգ£
ûˣֻҪ˲꣬㹻ҾһͨԪ֮ﵽΨһ಻ľ硣
ͬһ̨֮Уճӿһϲá
һ˵õˣҲûʹãֻܰͰ
쳤վõĲ򣬻ɳٶȻһ㣬ջ
ǣճԪͷĳߵľ硣
ĲΪֻǼʶС
һֱľ綥ޱ˵˴ȹ̵ĵӣʱ˿̣˹壬֪ԼͻҲֻһ˿ѡ
һܼһء
õǿȿǣǴп;ǰķԪøͨ͸ջǾ޴ġ
ҲѹЩɷǰԮɮֻҪ·һۣ롣һ죬еţ˵ͳǰħ
ճǳŪˣЩɵʲô
ϹʱѾԶȥر÷ѶҪͼ֣ÿһԴܿɹ
˴棬˶ҪϵҴԴҪĻᡣ
ʾĵ֣ҲֻǺݻĴ̫Զ̫Զ
ӲϾͱ˦˺ܳһ·̡
޶ɾͲˣ̸ϿӸ߾硣
֪ˣǵж
ϾЩԴڲıǵŴҲӶࡣ
õУԶ෽ӡ֤٣뷨ͨ
ʲôֻԴҲܴͨԪ

뵽ճ̧߿֮ϣ̫׽ź춥޺ףȻĵҪӲǺӡ
϶һ֮ʱĴüĿϺģƱһ㣬ŭڣƮƮƿڴ
һķ׵罻
ƺòˡ
Ȼûв´Ȼﵽ˽ɺڣ˶͹϶
ճ֪̫׽Ϊʲô˲Ȼŭԭ
һĻԵ͵ƻֱͨ޵һϣ˶żƢοһɡ
ƽ￴ǸϺˣǸˡ
ûһЩ뷨Ҳͥɽ÷ˮ
֮Уɶһ֣ߵزºǶȻͬСɡ
ԶѩŮһֺ꽣ȥնȺ񺿡
ţͷֻУͱնͷ­޴˵ɽ֡
ܽڼžͣɷѪ̰ͬɢ
ճ΢΢˵ͷͲȥæˡ
ѩŮѾɳüΪˣԶһ档
ѧɽ̨ɻԪֱճԽɲε۹⣬еľתʹƷɾľѾƵڵɽأ
ɲεʹԪнתһԪ
Ȼնħޱߡ
һСС֣Ľ£ֻǰŲžͻҷ𡭡
ûл̫ഫеţֻƾһôҲ򲻹ġ
ճһЩֵעĶ
ɽ֮ѩŮƺҲһЩĪĶ
Ľ⣬˺Ʈ֮жһ˿֮Уɱնħһһľԡ
Զ׼ģԪ񾳽Ҳ˳Ϊн
ǵõ˱صϿˡ
ѩŮͻȻֵһ㼫ϡĲ⣬ճЩǲѪ
Ϲ֮ʱӣѪҵúܣֲ²ʮпܡ
򣬴ΪѴ֮ͨ·õô
ʱȴǿЩʱ򣬷õôС
ǰϵλɡ
̫׽
ôԻһ⡣
ճԸͥλϺˡԹֻӳꪣΪһǺ·
Է²Ϊܻȥġ
û뵽ǲ´ˡ
λ׺ͷȻȴٳٲȥһĻӶתͨձѣ
ճ֪Щվˡ
ɷӶǷģԼûǵԼʱ򣬶ȹǫ͡
һϵԼʱٺõɶܻ޶
ǿڱٺõɣʵҲһġ
һ㣬ճ⡣
һһݣ𴦣Ծ
һУǺӵתС
֮аƮ˿٣ü絶
̫׽Ǵӵ۾ǵǺӽϾֻӿֳͬˮʴԪǣͻ޾
ŭѾЩġ
ˮΪֶΣܿܳԹѵԵˡ
ͥɽֶƣҲϷ˾žŰʮһѵĹ˷䣬˵һηˣǿһ֣ʵ
ǣٴ˶֣Ī˴
ϰµģ벻ͨ͸ȴֲ
׵̫ǣҲʲôûбĽɫ
ǹ棬ҲҪʸõһЩȻ˲׵ģʳ
ȥԭ
ӰţǺһգͼǰһڰۡʵ
лɫԻƣݳƽδ
תһ룬ʱһЩϢ˶Է˭
㻤ȡΪȥ·˽ˣдĪĳͥɽԣ
ճһۣԷ׷ͯգһò
ɵð̾һһλΪܳԵÿɣƸģ
Ȿϸһ
ճϴں븣ռϷ磬֦ӹĴ뺣ˮʱ¹͡
ˮ·Ӳ̫׽յʱ֣ô
ŶԷʣճҡͷЦˡ
һ·УȻźܶè塣
ĳЩѾȫԼҶˣθĺܴ
ȫȻûиɢһ˿ᡣ
̫϶˵⻰ûһ·˴ʥɮȥȡ澭һ·ɽˮԶȻ˽ħлʱֵͥǾ֣



1911 ̫׾죨ϣ

ɫһڣֹ飬ͥɽŻġ
±أĴ˵ʱճһңͲʲô
ʵҲˡ
˼ȡûͥɶ֡
ˣԼҲʹɱˣֵõһԼ
ûиװأûʱȸˣ
Լܽ⣬õȣ
ʱͿճŪһΪڵĺôˡ
·ϰȫˣܺϲʣܲһ֣дʵģ޻˵
̫׽Ⱦ͸оζ
ֻһؼ䣬ôҲ²
Ϊ֪Է˵ʵ
ͥɽɷУʵҲֻűӦ¡
ǰЩʱ䣬ǰѶ˵б䣬ȡһ¼һЩ˻ô⣬ʱż
˵ǰ֣ǰɣ˭Ҳֻ浱һʺ
ҿ˵һ·ߣħ׶ѷĴΣأˣаԼһ·ɨ
̫׽Ȼвʣ˰ϵԼΪ˭׷֣ӲҲҪˣҵ;ߣɱ
ܲܺɨҲ֪һħѾµӴɱ˸ɾҲǺˣѾԼˡûµĻɴͻȥɣﰭˡ
ͷвճȻˣɲЩΪǵϽɡ
⵽ԼôҲȥɾ³ȥĵ
òЭһ̫׽ȻҲǲеġ
ÿСһ²˲ɣ֪˴ѷ˼硣ҵɣͨܵ˼ֻɲƽϰˡ
ŭЦɭȻЦ
ȥһЩɷϣ˼ҲǿͿģҪͥ棬ʱ
ϻ˵ֶΣǲĵġҪߣʲô£һһʹ
ճɹЦһҲ̫׽ǰѻ˵ֱ꣬Ӵϻͷս
컭֮ϾߣҫĿ
֪ʱ˿Ӧ˫۾һԿš
Ĳ˵ͥ϶˹ע
ܸоϻġ
ȵâ͸һЩֱ˺գϸ쿴ǰеһѡ
һսزδȥ¹ϵԼ˵ĺиӲ˵ЩɶҵʵĴǣΪӣ˭һġ
ճй⻪תɲǼͰյ
ЩػܣǹϸϸĿ⣬һһӳ
ͻȻ򣬴ʱչ¶һֶγԺ϶е÷
Ȼߵ˵زˣǾҪǣܸٴۣ
̫׽о仰˵ûϽɷȻֽܲһ£°ȡˡǣЩ飬վǲͬġ
ֻͨߣγɴƽ֮ƣһһˣʮһѣͨ졣
ھУ˾ǿķͨҲֻĿš
ƿݽ֮࣬Ҳĳ谭ƹ
˼֮УҪ׳֣ûǷʵӵó
֮·ϣʵͨȻóҲòôɡ
ǣȴԴԵңϮɱȡһС
ճֳԼצ˾òһԶ⣬ĵʹһЩֶΣ
˵ģԭ֮ɮĻǣֻһɽͱ̳Ըɸɾ
¿ɹֲκˣҲӰ쵽дơ
ɮԼһѣ⣬ʵǲеĴңҲ롣
ճɶԿţ̫׽ػȻһЩССֱ֣ӰѴɳĻ̻
ôص
Ϊ˸ĳλظسϣ
գҪǿ
ȻЩͲ𣿲ֵȣ
˵̫׽ʵжȱΪҲôϲ
ܹĿ⣬ȻҲģһɢӣƢƤҲЩҲסˡ
û˵ʱЦǺǵ˵νϾԼǰСһʶ
ܵɽȥһֵܣġ
ֵǮ
˵˼Ҳǳ߹Ůżҵݹϵ
ܵ˼λһͶӣɢɡĵԸ԰أ
̫ף
ͷ޷ԶƮƮ΢˿
һ޵ĳʧǣֻһ޴ѩǳʣԽԽԽԽǴۡ
ãճֻäʲôˡ
ãã׹֮Уһ޴Х
ѹԪȫ湥
ɽֱ峤ĸߴľ׹һգͱýڣΪҽͬ·衣



1912 ̫׾죨£
ѩŮһУɫ˵һͽɻι֣סֱ͸ѩ׹⡣
תۼɮƨɣֱԴص£΢΢̾Ϣһ󣬰طʦҲ档
ǱֳԵֻʣ¹ǼܵļƥͲȥˡ
̫׾죬¸
̫׽һʽ±ϣǿ
㲻˵˻壬ǣΪǾ̫ױ֮⣬ǹ
ٴǿգֲķͨôֵ
ֶΡ
϶ǧδ֣һŭô갡һΪԣѲ֮ˡ
һŽסⱩͻľ޺Ц
ʧ֮ӳ֣鷳ˣܱܿȥΪΪˡ
䣬̾ϢһŵǰӰ΢΢Щ
ıȥ֮ҲֻֻһͨɶѣﻹóʲôˣչӦʼУʵǷǡ
ӥǣ۵İü΢ȣм˵
۶Աĸһۣǡ
оûô򵥣ʱȴһֻǾš
˭ףЩɵԼλϵʵôءʲôֶκͱ£ҲֻǲҴš
Ϊ֮ͥʵЩ˵ʲôĵơ
˲˵˵λ̫׽ǰɣƽ֮ͥУԸºӡ󣬴һ˹˹ûʲôµɡ
û뵽һλȻʦһ㣬ز¶
һ˵̫׾ֶΣ˽̵մӣ˵洫
ǴʱĵҺ֮㣬ȴǾԲСӵġ

ճ̫âҫΪĿ꣬Ҳ΢΢һݡ
ԼС׷ϼһˡ
һйȻԳһء
һ̣оݴأʧȥĸӦ
ǹɰ֮𣬾类һ̵ֻܸо£ٲܽð㡣
⻹ֹ˵֮޴ӸӦ֮⣬ܵԪõ޴档
ƺһջ֮У˹⣬ǹ⡣
׹⣬͸֫ٺһ֮䣬ѪϸȫתҪǿתΪ֪ʶͭľ
ԽԽٱ֡
ҪȫŤƣΪһԲȵͭ顣
ϸϸһճо档
ʲôͨ
һ磬ݵټϼ⹥ֶΡ
ţϽֱգǵǧ䣬ءСԳƵǽά
СκһɵֶͨһλȻѾ˴޾ӰӡϧǣԪһĻʵ๥ʽȴһ
ǰδͻתʱճΨƾսȷֱ塣
ֻҪƹǿܴ̫ͣ׽Թ˲Ͼ
ƴһƴսҲʱƾ֡
ǣִ򷨣ӮˣҲǰ㣬ƴٸغϣڴ˵ˣҲЩǱ
ڶ֣ǾͿɽˣ̫ܵ
պ߶һ䣬ʥͨЦһѣʵûа̫һ¡
ճȴ˴
ֻǾǳײһһ
ʮɡɣǧֱɽ纣ӡ
ص֮ϣɢϽ֮ɫһ߰Ĺҵļ⣬ǹ⡭
Ϻصʵʣ˲ֱӡ
价Ʈ磬𵴲ݡ
ʱɹӰʱ۳ɺ
޴ǹâ߽֮ϣֻǽ⡣
ճüһšɫ΢΢һСҲҳƣ
һըףƾŭǽɫӰڰ׹⻡ŲӰͬһϮ׽֮ϡ
䡭
սһ޴̻
ɽһ޴ĳ֮£ԭسһ޴ľ޿ӳ
ʵĵˮйһ㣬ӵµת۾;۳ɺ
ſսתڰתĹȫǬơ
ճһꪼȳͼǿž޴ǴʱѾҡ̫׽ͷȴ׻Ѫ˷
ۡ
϶˺һѪ嵹ʮȫȲסΡ
ɢûе֮ȥ
ǻһЩֻճһֻأǿǿܻ֮ͨΪһˤĽɡ
ôѪ磬ɵѪͲֵǮ
ճ̫׽ѪһֱͣնǣЩԼ۾
Щԣûô¡
Уֳһ˿޲
ǽѪֿ֮ʣһȷѪ֮оͳһֻ޴׻
˷ԪţҲͬʱǧֻСͰɫͻײѪɷ
ǰ׻ࡣ
ԭˣѹ׵ı°ɡ
ճȻ
̫׽Ϊɣгף˫
ֵı£ٻ񻢹
û֮ǰճΪҲһ㣬ĳΪйС
ʱһˡ
Է̫֮۳ɰ׻С
ս޵˫սһ˻ս
⣬ҡ
ճһ˿Ц⡣
ͨԼĵ̻ҪȱһЩ
Ƚⲫ֮С󣬻δ¹˭ˡ
ճХһۻ֣Уͻӳϼ⣬òѡ
ǧǧϻγȺħ֣֮ȴ̬֮һͷ޴׻Ĵ֮£Ϣ
ȻճĶ֣ǣֻҪ̫֮𣬰׻޾
ҵɵˣһƴʲôƵ֮ҲԲ
ճ𼸴λȺ֮ʧһЦҡһΣͷըǧ˿䣬ͻΪǧŰִۣꪵӰ
ѵһȣһա



1913 һˣˣϣ
̫׽Ѫ֮ɫҰ׵վԶԶģŷ΢΢ţ϶ٵĹһЦ⡣
ǰһ̫׾챻ƣз̫أûĵģһʽٻ񻢣ǿһ㳡棬һ
ôȥôҲܰöԷƣʱ˵ȳ衣
û֮꣬оȡ
̫Сġ
Ӱ֮档


Щǧ꣬ʮϤͥͬţҲɽʽ
̫׽ǻ۾ɤвС
ء
һ̨
̫׽ֻһ㱣ǰͼѪ⡣
֣ԼƮƮģ۽ӹһϽɫӰһͷ
ôˣлȼա
֮µͷһͼԼȻʣһߵϸСӰȴֻʣһԪˣھ֮ƮƮȥģ벻
ԪϽâ֮£粨˰𵴲ݣʱѾϡ࣬ۼһ̾пܱɢ
ҵΪ
̫׽һһ´ԼֻʣԪܵ˼̨ѸӦԪ仯
ȴɾ綼ˣѾ˻˴ɡ
һʹ޴ʧӿͷʹϧԼʮ޹
ţһɾ޴衣
ԼԶһŰۡɫꪣϾƵĹӰƶˡ
ֱֱԼԪ壬ӰԾԾԵģƺҪҪָԼһ¡
Զƿհ׻ڣһ㣬ɢλӰգɱڡ
ȺӰͨת㵽˭ˣ
̫׽ûڣԪ񷢳ϸɳƺƮţѾòš
ʱʱϸϸ˼žԷʹֶΣô졣
ʲôɢǵҵմ淨ң칬֮ʱõöû˳֣ǰŭס۾ûзһ㡣
̫׽΢΢ŤʹԪǲܽʵ
ճҡҡͷ룬ϸ߸ϵɣ浽˽֮ʱ뷲֮ˣҲûʲô
ôһ룬ЩȻζ̾ղ޴񣬾һ
Ƣԣֻڶʳ;ļһȻǴ𣬲һ˿໼
ЩԲò˵еõġ
ͥͷŵˣܵ˵һֱһŭľ棬Ŷţء
Ҳֳ̬ƣϾ˼ǿܲӡ
˵ôɿţ̫׽һġϺˡѡ
˵ʵڵģͷɱá
ɱףԼĿ꣬аٺһ
һڣճ
𴦣˺ѿռ䣬̫׽ǲԪֱֱ֮У׵ܯ֮·˼
ɾ㶼һ
мλƶ䣬ͳֿѿ½ˡҲȫ˲ж
̫׺˭ûаաǰ̫׽ǾҪһʱ֮£Щ̫׽ģƲѣҪǿгͷ֪УҲò˾ͻǵġ
ʱͷǾûˡûһҪȥһǸӲͷ
ʧһЩ޲޵ûʲôϵ
ϽǾһĳƽҲҪȥʲôܡ
£̫׽ʹһԪƮţɢ
ۺλͬţһʱݺᡣ
ˣˡ
һʱ֮䣬λʲôʱ򶼵ݺз緶ɣ߾ӣ˵
ﻹܼʱ۱ϵģ
ˡˣȷǾһϢһ˿֮ɫ΢΢Щˡ
̨ףóһɫ裬̫׽Ƿ¡
ۼöԷԪȹ̣ɢݽɫԣŰ˿
̫׽Լ£ƽʹӦ֣òָ˵
䣬˭˼ʦļɣǲϲֶΰɣ
оϻգȴĶԼ֪˵ǲˡ
ӲͷƤе£ĹǾתõķȺͷأǰһޣǳͬš

һ˽ﱾ뷨˭Ҳ˼˵ڡ
ʵǴ칬һ£Ūôһͷģ˵ٶ࣬ͥûйʡ
Ȼֻһı㣬ֽҲǰٵģʵȴġ
ͥǶ治ҡ
ִ֮£ȻŪٳ棬˴ŽĻ־硣
ºܲصҲ޹Ⱑ



1914 һˣˣ£
칬ôһϷ˵ģͥ˵ǵòʧ
ĳֻӵıҲչ¶š
޼λУɣǹƴһϣûʲôʤյġ
ʱ۾ûϹ̫׽ǡûȡ˼һΪԵľͱȵĺӻҪǿϲ١
˼ϹʱЩ״ħİԵɡ
ЩɻۼǴǰ˵
ǸʱĴħѪգ顣ɡɴ𣬴֮䲻֪
֮սӮ˻˵˿ɻҪġ
̫׽ΪĺԸ񣬱ԷһԼϳ˭֪Σ
ɳͬţ
۾
˵ɣɰʵʶûС
˾Ԫ˼ʮʮ޵ҲǵͷϣֱԵȷˣȻĳλڵմ
ĳλ˶ͥɽĳԹߣؼʱͰͽܷŽȡ϶ǴŲΪ֪㡣
˽ȴûһ˶Ե̤е·ճ¶ԣò˵ǰ̫׽һ˴ô
飬Ϊ㲻ϾͲڡ
һзӸ߸߾£Ӹġ
˼óһΪͥڳڼΪ˵λɣôԲһʮ壿
Ȼ뵱ӳ֮ʱѾһЩͬ
һսͥսȫף˼ҰȴһҲͥҪòϰ֣Ҫǿϲ١ԸԴֻᶪ档
͸Ӳˡ
ɫ΢ȵǧۡ˳ڣһһҵҪǺθף
²ؼ߸߹̬ȣǺܲģʱҲ̫÷ŭ
ϾλȡһУǷӰᳫǾͥӦʳŵģʲôɽҰ֣ɱļһ
УԷһݣҲ˾ΪͥҲԸԷ䡣
˼˼̫ݣϸ˵λݱλȻҪͣͬΪҲͲ˶٣ʻ⿴ء
˵ͥɽǾ޺Ͷ̥˼ҵϣһֽˣ
ڣɣҲĵ΢Ѷͬšز̽λǴĳǿˡ
ôǧδ˵ֻһ͸̫ͥ׽ǿϣɵİλƽɴ
ǰע⣬ֻΪԷֵûѾ࿴һۡ
˼ͶѣõλˣҲֻǾʵûʲô˲
һεޱ۾˼ҲֻΪݽԭʣ˵˵á
ɲһˡ
·ϣţһأȴʵʵڵĳ˾ݽ硣
ûʲôɷ󷨣óı£ʮ޿ޡ
תתɾͣޣսͥʳ˵ɣҲСӵģҪҸš
ϹʱڣҲȫкŵĴ֡
ЩʵһЩɣܲ棿СӶԷһЩ˼ģպˣǲǽ顣
𷢻ˣû˸ҵ߾õæݵػ£ףҲôӣйء
˵ľһз۾С̶ĳ׺ӣǸ߾ˡ
һλоԵĸҲһԿͷ
ǸˣһֻǼ¼۲ѯûȨϱġ
ǴâֱţͥҡΡ
ȴ·߾ҲֻһԾš
ֱ𣬲Żȥ
ֹ̬Ⱥ͹ԶʷԭȻ˵Ҳ׷
˳㱨ɷǹŹ֣Ťͷĩβվĸ׻ɡ
ĺ
οǷŵʢ£Ҳͥȡ˵Ĵʱɶзһ㡣
ⲻΪףĺΪλҲ˳ᣬ˳㿴̫׽ǵһγ֡
Ҳλ飬ʮҵһĻ
ֻǾͷš
ֵܵݣ֮ͥϣ˵㲻̫ߣûʲôȨʱҲֻǿֶѡ
ߣȵȥŴһ£ĳЩˣĳЩء
ȴûϵ绹յԼˡ
һͷˮûǲǳø˵ˣ˵ˮ壬Ͻ֮ڡ˵Ϊһĺͨģֵúܡ
д£ôû˵ۡĸȫ৵Ŀȥ
ͷðҲվסˣæֱɲҪſڴƻƣʲôֺʲôͨ
⻰˵˵ûʲôȴǺջһ飬֤Լžϲ
ͥĵĻִӦóѣڹ˿Ц
˵
۲ÿɷһ
΢΢һЦֵȻͥҲռְλһЩ鱨ȴְֻ̽ȫһˣʸûС
ʱŵڸλиò֪Σﲻ֪ΪξǸˡҲȥ˼Թ˵㣬յһγ̫СҵϣͳһְΪ׷̫ڱ̶̲һǻ顭
˵ǿŰЦЦˣ̲ȴҪǿ龴ͥģ̫յ֮ԼҶһ֮Բԣ
Ȼ󣬽飬ɾ˼䡣
Ͼֻǹѡ
ǰãС̣ͱ˹ȥŵ·ϣ׼ƳһҲȡ֮˲ڡ
ʾŴ󿪷֮ţнࡣ
ĻȻûꡭ
ҲǾ²ˣֵرϲ̽˽ϲһֱʹײλϣһصСɡҲ΢΢һЩŤľǴŭѹ龰ŭƫƫͺβǣָо˵ʵڵĲ
ʵʲô飿ǿ飬类㾫ţħħͷߵ˵ǰʳ㻯һɳ졣

죬ݸӡ
ɫ䡣
˵Ҹ״ԩԼӣ
Ȼأִһñӡ
ɣԼĺ壬ȫһˣˣ



1915 ðϣ
ĺͥλʵͦεġ
ǵڵɽȻһԱŵ֮УǿûһҲаǧ
ңɽ֮ͥУȻ޳ˣλȴ̫
˵ˣĺݣñǺһƫԶһСس쵼ԼһĶֵϿԳưԣŵ֮оŲϺˡ
ԣɽؽһСС飬һ£û˻ȥĵġ
˸߾͵͵ȥ˽һ£ƽţ
Ȼû鷢ʱ
ɶϸţþ統ոսѧ֮ʱһ㣬©һ䡣
һʱһʱҳݵ˴ͥڳʮּ֣ǲòȥע
̫׽ǳ˴˭֪ջ᲻Լײ˶Է
֪֪ˣſԴӦ
˵㻯һɳ졣ô˵ʱδɾɣ
̫ӹעĵ㲻һһ͵˸ǰŶԷȫǲ˼ɫ
Ŷã
㲻ɽ㣬½ʱ䣬Ҳֻꡣ
ʱԷδɣѾޣ̤뵽ɵУ
ʲôʱ׵ˣ
Ҫ֪̳Ů洹½磬ְʦ̫ˣڷʱھѳɵôȥˣȻֻһڣȥ
֪Լˡ
ЩͬźѣԼǰʦǸǧ궼ûжٽ
һ㣬ǻѣͻ˿ݣš
һ˳ɲź֪ĸоЩԾ
ǰô˿ݣĪأ
йŹ֣ҲˣӳɵٶҲޱȡԽΪΪʯһ̥ˮĻԵ
ɣ̫Ҳһԣ߾ֵ΢΢Щš
δ֮ͥǰ˱Ͳʲô˵Ļɫ
ΪҾ߾ΪһЩеʿܰǴɷɻҡ
ֻΪͥȱֵʱΪ˷һսһˣҲ÷ɹ٣ڰ˱˸㡣
ǻԲȥĳЩɸ߹٣λȨأԳݣ²һʶ
ǣΪ佫ȴǲֵܾͬµúܡ
¶ԷһˣһˣСƢԼ°Ҳҵˡ
ֳĸæֱСʵûа١ɾ֮󣬾뺣ϰһ·Źӣţ޵ؽ˺һʱ䡭ֵ˵ʱúЦΪȫһɣרԴСĵý
ӣˣǺµúѹɽλ
뵽˵ĺЦ龰߾˵˵žЦ
ҲԾƺΪʥ֪ͥţǵڳʱ򣬸ֱӶԷΪú
Ҳ΢΢һƺסĳЩؼڡ
ҲǷ߾ֵܡ֪ĳЩӦþʱˡ
ͬĹͬķȫ᲻һĿҰ񡭡˵֮ûʲôϵǼֱƭɵ̡
弱ʵأȥ
־ˣֵ˿ź棬ϸĶһᡣ˴ƹ֮һĽҰ֮һһͲӰ٣ƺ硭
˵ҲЩɻ
ǵǧۺ˳ųƼ磬Ƕ½̽飬ֻҪȥȥϺùȥ
ΨһԭֻǶԷʵ̫ǿ߲ڴ˷硣
鲻æºһ£Ҳ˵ģǱ̶̲İŮʥ°ߣþͷĶӡ
סתͷ翴һһ㡣
顣
µŮȻûа㷴ӦҲǵԼµĺͨ
ˣףȻϲԣȥһ
£Ҳˡ
ͺʧЩ϶Ƿʲô飬ĳλ˳ͽܣϸϸ̵ͲضӲ²ˡ
㣬֮˲ɣ㶼ɶԷǲԼʲô
ܾܿڳĳλʦų͵͵˺ô飬Ұĳͥɽĺȡ
˭һ˭ҲͷԵĴ塣
²˵
ɢ˰ɣ²Ҫ顣ȡһ£ԽĿ϶ɽλҹһֹ
ݻָ˵Į½мˣƵ˵ƺȫѽǹġ
ǿסк棬Ŀ̫׽һۣɢȥ
Ҳȥĳλˡ
ֻж˻һЩ뷨ˣﰵģȴ޿κΡ
¼ΣԷʲôأҲûа취ģֻоʱ䡣



1916 ð£
ȣճչ¶ı£Ѿܲǡ򲻵ѣʵû˸ȥԡ
һҲҪԭֳʦñ룬Ҳ֪Ǽ
֮У˵಻࣬˵ٲ٣һǴ˭Ҳǲĸ֡
пܣεģȻǼλʥˡ
ʥԶߣٳ
˵Ὺͷϵһʯ
ŷͬʱҲĳ顣
ЩȻѾ뿪ˣδʥ֮ǰڴ޽۷ڣżնʬɵġ
նȥִ鱦ӶԪʥӡ
٣鲻
ʥˣڴ˷֮УǶʲôĽѶֺܲ
ԣʱһ仰ʥ֮½ϡ
Ϊ˻ʥ˲ٲʥ˾֮µС
һ־ˮ磬ΰ
ƴڵþˡ
֮磬ɲ˸֣ҲֻԶ⣬ȥת
ȻѾ磬Щһˣȴ׵úܡնʬɵնķûԶ֮УȻЦ磬Ϸ
ʬȱΪȻֻǳ޽ɲԶվʥˣƣԿɶ˼䡣
Щ֮У޼ˣ˭Ҳ֪ǵݡ
пܣĳһλĳλķеõۣŪͽܳ棬ͥɽһ֮һ£пܵġ
һˣ۵̬ҲͿˣЩҲûȤȥȥ
Ըһȥ²Էû塣
Էûسʦ˼ԡ
Ǳ¹ǿܶԸȥ²ҲҪȥ뱳ʦ
һãͲ֪ĳλУǿɾ鷳ˡ

۲ݣ֮ȷźַճȴǿɮײײǰЩЦ
ʧƥ˲òǰ
Ϊǰ֮к˻ѪŻ¹ɮԽ
ټճһ㣬ŴߣֻܱŰȣߵҲҡ
ϡѩŮϾŮӣЩ̣лһ㲽ļѣ͵ЪϢһᡣȥȡҲһʱᣬҵҰ伢
ˣлŮʩǰ̣ƶɮΪһ̣ȥָիһ
ɮúѩŮȴͬһ㣬Щš
һæػһ߻ĵĺ
ճúЦһѩŮͲöˣسǰһڻѪԵʵӪúܣزǺܶġ
֪ɮΪξѩŮ
ԭܼ򵥣ںֿɲѩŮ¡Ϊһ֣Ͱɽħɱ˸ɸɾ
Ѫڡ
飬ͨ˵ȻǴġ
ǣڷִ¸ɮɱԣ顣
֪ԼܲţԷǾԼһλطʦ»ǰúýһѩŮԺһĴʲôġ
ճˣɴòɿɽ嶼˼ನ֮£֪˶飬͸˵ˡ
ɮλ̫ͬħĴڡ
Ȱֲָϲߡ
Է濪ɣĻںһ˼УˣҲֻ۲ľȥùͷûȤ
ꡭ
ճ˵ÿ̱ѩŮЦһҲͲ˵ʦĬĬߡ
һʱֻԳХ
ʵҲճĺݣ۸˼已̥
ֻλɮЩ
ͷһЩûõɣ̫飬ʵ˲̫øС
˵ǰɮץȥҪģѡʱǱŵúˣҲȡ
֮󣬾ֻ̱ǾԼ˻Ѫһ£ﰵԼʦͽ̫ݡ
û˼ˡ
ճΪȷбҪسʶǰ·գϼͷȱ

߲ʱɫǰһ׶ڡ
ɽ岻ߣԼǰͻ󷽶ߴִ
Ų֪Ұޣ۾̹ɭȻ
ߵɮŲͳʱʱתͷճʦͽˡ
̸ЦδԼЩܡ
ʵϣɮ׵úܣԷԼһͬУǻʵôںԼı
飬δأЩȴⲻ˵ġ
ɾǱҰҧһڣˣҲܰ
ɮϰµģСţ΢΢顣
ӲͷƤǰУһ·Ȼһ٣ͣԭأ罬
Զɽϣһֻ׶ǰӣԾԾˡ
һ˫λɫԼûһ˿ȶȡ
ӡɮľȥϣճǰȴɽżţʲôӰ
һʱðﰧ


1917 ѼӾǷˣϣ
ɽ͸ߴĺһЦ
ȫŰӻģϻƽɫĹң׶ܡ
׺иɿüһ˫񣬰ۿɽ֣ĬĬʱ䡣
һͭɫĽħƣһݡ
׺⣬˫ü죬һ˫۾ĵͬһ㣬ȥɷ
ȴһɲ棬һ٣ɽʯɷĩ
ǻ֮ʱ·ӹ£Ҿȡˡп˰Σͷ­΢࣬͵һЦЦñȿ޻ҪѿֲǰС
һţ޺ͻأľͱ䰫Щ볣죬ϵҲΪһ¡
ʨͷƤñ̤¹ƤѥüۣϹºЦ⣬һǿ׳󺺡
бҲȥ˻⣬úģմѪ⣬ϻһ޴󳤹
һɽԻ
ȥҲƶɮֻҪõի귨Ĺ¾ˣҸ˾𣬻š
ŷ޺οҪͻȻѾʲôеͨǧִ̫ѿǳ˴ġ
֪ˡ޺ͷҲصĻ˻֣ŸֲҡǰС
ǰһĻϷﻹô
ҶΪ˻ԵûʲôڣҲʲôͻɡ

ŷ޺ԶüĽ޺ºһЦһָȻͳ˲ľٲš
У±һɽׯ
Ұ洦ţ¥ʣԺ续ʯ¸Ϫˮʡ
ŨصУƬҶƮ䣬Ȯڶܼȣϰգһɽӡ
λ޺˵ͷһΣͱһƤ׷ǵŹȶǰ̧ͷԶڴļˡ
ƺЩʲôţһЦһ˦ͷɳ˼ߣΪ͸ˣǰ
ɽׯո£ɽ֮оͳһ˷۴˷洫һХ
ɽǣޱѪɷ֮

ɮһͷ޴׶ʱճȴվԣֻѩŮȫΣûгˡ
Ϊ֣Լ˸ɮԣ˵ʲôħ֣Ұ޶῿
ȥ˴죬һֱƽ˾ģճЩͷˡ
ʱɽ·ͲҲûʲôֻͷҲ͵ʲôջȻûӰӵ顣
ɮһճȫûЧ
ճס
һ·ʵ֮·
ǰΣ֮󣬾Ҫɮһ˳ܹ¶·ѡӶ֪֮·ɽˮľ֧ĵΪͽӡ
ôһ˾һ¿ۣ
Ҳ֪һص˵ôɣôȡƺ˫룬һ˼Իգϱţɮһˣд·ҵӱѹɽ
ճϸϸʮһϸڣЩ⡣
ܶѣʵǽѣͬϷһ㡣
ǲǶϷԼûǲҪ˶ԷİźƣҲǰߡ
ȡ澭˵ҪǵòˣǾͺܿˡ
룬ճ˸ʽѩŮᣬûΡʱı䷽ʽ߳
Ȼûãǰд֣һֻϻ
ֱͣ͸һͷСˣǱһ˶ߣǰצᰴأһʯƳɼꡣ
ͻһɮ֫ɫ̱ڵء
ۼͷ޴ͻҪǰ˻ɮһ£תǴʹһɤ
ǣҿɱ˻
صһһͺ
Ǻʮֱ뺷Ծ磬ɮǰ
иֲؼХ˻ͻֵͷ̡
ȷŭţɽһƬǼ
һһú죬֪ݵ˼ô˶ɽʯ
˺һᣬͣЪ
ɮϸȥͼǻѾѪ֮УͺӾٲ泤Ц̬ۡ
ɮʱۣæڵأ˫ֺʮ񣺡л
ǺЦĿͻҲ˵Ѫˮʣȳ˱ǣǰ˰ֵ¡ҲǴˣɽеԻգºɽ̫ҲҪѰֻɽʳã㣬гײ
ƶɮǴƼղݷ󾭵ĺСʼ˴Щǻ߳棬ıΧƣǰ̫ǰƶɮлл
ƳģҶҪ£Ϣһޣһ̡
ɮǧл
ѩŮջһ΢΢ҡͷûеǰҵȾ죬ȥ̻ĿҲûл䡣һԻĸлˣûϢ



1918 ѼӾǷˣ£
ѩŮһ˵ţɮߡ
ճҡҡͷҲֳΡ
֣ոϻ֮ɮܹһξţ̣ɡ
ɼһɲɫâڴɽ֮С
ֻҪԻĺɮɽǴ󹦸ɡ
ð⣬ֻһͼ׳ϷⱦȻҲҴ˵ѩŮҪԣֻоˣ鲻÷ϡ
ǣүѩŮҲֻ΢΢ޣ˵һ֮ҲΪ
µʱʱĴԻһۣƺ˺˲õ顣
ͷϱúܲڣͷ΢΢ðæֽճһͬǰȥ͡
ɮѩŮңһѪ죬ȻЩŭȴ޿κΡ
ճ֪е˼֪һһֱڷԼˡ
һȥ븣ѹ˽ɽַ֣Ǻˡ
ȻпԼų¹ȥλʥɮĴ̣޵ݡ
ˣԼʲô飬飬Ļη塣
ܿܣλʥɮԼǱЩħҪֲĴڡ
д̬Ҳ⡣
һЩΡ
ܿһɽׯλ⡣һ֣Ůͣիдɮ
˵ʢ
˵ԼϰԼ֪꣬Ƿܿ࣬˵
һ磬ɮԸ£㵻һ
бϣΪԼһ裬ɮˡվԹ緹ˡӾȸ˼裬£Ъ
죬ĸǰлɮ˵˷֮󣬼ҹΣԼѾҵҪȥԭ˼Ͷ̥תޱ߸
Ժɽ̫վҪɮһ̣Ҫ߹ɽҰ
ɮӦһ£ԸһЩ·ĲȡЦݵľҪ·
ճÿɷѩŮһΣ޴Ӳ֡
ĸϵԽԽǿɮüǵâҲԽԽʢ
ֻ߳ɽׯɽ죬ۼԼδãǰϷѾβ

ɽʤǰһˮӳ˫ĸӰвƶ֪ʲô
Աɽʯһ࣬ʮɮڣׯϣò죬۾գҲգĿš
Ȼʱ䣬ǹעԱһ
񱳲һյɫ͵ƣӨӨҫķȼۿɼٶһǡ
ŵƹ˸һҷɽꡣ
ɮ̰˼ֻоΪ㣬¶Ц
һִйЦŵ̫߿СˣȴҲ޺Ƥһн軨׷ôȫɽ
ʱ½ۻ̫磬һȿܾ׷ӣǰԸ̫׽ֶοǿҵúܣб
ʲôִǴЦòмһؿǷ꣬ûȶûеĪһ㲻ĵģ
ҲһԲԵһΣҲͬԡȻ޺вúܸߣȴǾ쳾ʣµˮ©˵һܿóΣ̤֮ܿ꣬·˾ҪУҪⳬѴֶܡ
ԣ˼䷨ն壬ɽԹ˹ޣΥ飬жȣǷ塣
ˮӰԱߣһһŰٻۡüĿ
з˫ȣǹЦ⣬ѹӡ
˵죬ƫŷ
زҲͲסظ֣࣬
ɫ棬Ц
˷ʢ£ƶɮ⣿زչһЦֱðٻʧɫֻ뿴ܴӹһʲôֶΣԭҲ˰ˡ
ԾƿݲģȫûλͬŻ⣬ֻ̾ӿ֮Էϧ˲Ǿӡ
⻰һ䣬ͼˮ֮йӰö

˫ϣɮոճ޺ͣ޺Իտ·ǰУʱһЦ
ЦгŲ֮⡣
һɽͷХУɽׯľ¡ȫΪ֮еһĨӰǧӰڰ֮УΪɢ
ڰ׹ţռѿӣ˰ɫĵâɨȥƹطʦͬһպϣɨŮˡ
һϢ֮䣬Ƭɽ־ͻء
ĻʲôڵһƬɽӾɫ
ֻΪ̣Թһͬڵ֮ʧ١
ڹâģŰͷڵһϼƳ俴˹ҿЩԩأ¡з𾭣ҵתǵǳˣʳкԩֵ˵ȥһ˰ˣҷ¡
ô᣿ɨûɽӣ޺ͷ޺Ϸ𣬾ΰ׳
仯α٣ճĽ֮£û֧Ŷһ롣
޺ŵճ˵Щˣҵ㾮ˮˮûаʲô飬ڴˣ
ôΪʲôС޺Ҳ˵ŵЩԩɱҲɱˣҪһ
ճһᣬϢһǣϽɫתһԲϾҪ֡
ѩŮҲ΢΢һЦгϵĳʣԾԾԡ
Աߵɮſڽ࡭ڵһ£ꡣȴϣԭǻһ
Լѵʲô˻꣬׹ǰԻĸȴ޺仯
Ļλ˼ߣ֮ʱףԵֱ֮û˵
ûˣһ仰˵ֻǴš
һΣĲɫ⣬ͬӵһ㣬ӽ޺ϳ룬Ҳɮüʧ
һƬ뵣ֱֽӰ̨һ壬ȥ
ѼӾǷˡ



1919 
ϽɫһչɽͷϣŽ޺ߣĲͷ­Ⱥ˫ţֻһ£Ҫ˻
޺϶ֻо类ա
ճûʽֻ֣ǰνƣǣ͸һķѣѪΣС
оնħ޳ֵһŷģˮԪʵܵκħϮʱҡҡλεģһ̾ͱԷӴƴȥ
ᣬᡣ
޺ü΢΢һ£ҲֲסȻ顣
ǰǰλ̫׽һսԱԷһӲԵĺˣƭҪãڿ˵
ƶɮ޺ڴˣҲֻΪطʦУ֮ǰ£նɽԹû߲֮û߳ΪΪ𷨣ԣʵѲ֡ȴףΪδ
޺һֳ̾ͱû͡ǰĽŹɵ̽Ĳ
˵ûۡ
ܵи
ǳԶճ˼һ°˵
ʵϣճ治˼˵
˵һ·ϸ¶մƽ󣬲÷ȡôͷ˵˵Żŭ˿̵Ϊʧȥ˵
Ȼ˵Ҫ¶մƽ䡣
Ǻãǰһ̫׽ǵˣԼ˹ظոնȥ˳ɵȫƽֹȻ
ճһ˽޺˵ʲô˼Աߵɮȴ֪ײףɫʮֲģ΢΢ŭк֮£ǰҵʱѳɹ»ҰҷնɣҵͶ̥תΪʩһնɱǧ飬ʵ̫̫ˡ
ճɵһĿɮһۣĬĬӦһԷ˼λʥɮԾȻǷģЩĵ˵ôȡ˭õȴִնֻ꣬ص顣ɵȻǺ£λʥɮ֣޺˰˸ɸɾҲûʣ¸ˣ˵ҹݣ
˹֮Уһ׳ԪճֻоԼԽ͸ʱ䣬ͨ͸عԽԽˡ
ǲҲøλûоǰķʥɮ֮ۡǲǾͿĵֻǵȻص
طʦԲӣһ·ħԩţëȫгɣǸˣ˳ˡҵ£ֻҪŵ÷žͿɻýѡ˽ѧ𣬽ԺˣȫûбӦͷ뷨Ȼ£˼ȴеġ
ճĳȰɮ翴һλµС
λʥɮƤ͵ͨ죬ٱ磬ͻȻȻȻԩ֮Ѫɷ꣬վҪΪԼ鸶ֻۡһƣ¶£Һߣɱ⣡
һɱֱɮͬźĵһɷѩͷɮͲҰȫƺ˺븣еʱԷȵĹ¿龰´󾪣ŵԣҲ粻ˡ
˭ģճ˵Ҳûе
´һֱֵľɱ
Ǽ׻ֻҪˣѪɷҲûʲô˵ġǧҲ׷ɱ¡
߸ǧʿɱ
ԭ˸ҷ
һ㣬֮أԺ֮еɮҲ˵ġ
ڣ˼Ұ·ʽᵽ·˵ûе
˵ɵͷչҪʵ֧š
ǹڳճ˵仨Ҳ̲ܲļԲ˻ȥڣطʦڱʱˡ
ûʵࡣ
Ʊѹ۱ѳ࣬Ҳֻ֮ܲˡ
ͷ޺Ҳ˵
ճͲ˵˵飬ֻ˵·ϲ顣
ԳɣҾòУӦó
ţ˭˭û¿̸Щ˵
ðɣɽ׻ҷ𡭡Ȼ󣬴˹ظƣƹضأȴʥɮ޺Ǳϵġߴˡ
ֵá
˭˭Ļơ
ճȻ֪ЩѵʲôԭɮֻҪ˳ˣܴвһӣһòΥ飬˭Ҳ˵òƸл
һְ˵
ԼȻҲԼĳŵϵ⡣
̫𣬱Ե޹ʾͰ޺ɱ޵ĶԸɮȻźͥŭ뾡һа취ҲðȸϳȡһС
أڹ֮ڰ£˵°Ե˵Լԭ
˵˵ֻҪȡˣõʵݣճƤٺһ㡣


1920 ָɽǰϣ
ճЦǺǵļ䲵⣬ɮͽ޺ȫƿԣп˵
鵽ԼĶֵôıˡ
ʵǿ֮ڵıǿķ֧š
˵ù˵˵Ҳ
һΣǾͷ֣۶ԷûʵҪǿԼܼҲûаô
Ϊ˲
аħ֮˵ддɮֻͺһֹ
ǧֻһ˽š
ԹճȻʲô
Ѿһһҹľģò׳ϴǧԩִ˺ܴ󹦵¡
أϴ꣬ȴճһ𣬵ǰΪȫ¿ӷƨ
Ȼͱú٣ͷȥˡ
ܵĻǣԷԼǴģҵõİ취նɱɾ
⻹ộ
ճЦſһɮҲһ
ϾԷûоǰʱĵӽһ̥ظʥɮһϴԣûжʶĴ
Լûжٹͬ⡣
ѩŮЦһͷ棬ǳݵĿճĲ絶üǳۣҲúܺá
ϲԼүӣˣҺΣ
ȾţţҲܸ⡣
һ˵ľƣŨҷ
ţʦ˵Ӻǣһ˿

ճʵûа̫ڵǰ֮ϣ֮УֻоŲɫ˽룬Ƭ½Ī仯
çç磬ͻȻһ
֣Ѿͷü֮䣬ֶһЩԣֻЦţȻһֶǵ
ѵǴ
ճΪЩƣϸϸƣͷҰ֮Уȫһֵı仯
ֲþȫĳ֦ѿ׳ɳ
ˮУ˻𡭡
һֻϢˮУӿУãã֮ϣ͸䵽ճ֮С
ԭҰ֮ϳǧҰ壬ʱ˼ԡ
˶˾ɱޣݣ磬ӣһжɣǰһЩ
˲֪ģͶ鱧
ǱԣǱˣҲˡ
ճõ֮Ҳǵĳٽ㣬Լõ˶ĺô
ڽĤڱøʵ
ԭո磬ʵǿȣ𵱳Խ綼ࡣʱȥǿѾﵽ˴ĲΡ
ÿһ飬ֱģԽ׳ذ벽ѭ浸صļһǱ
һݣһ֦Ҳųѳ׵Ұ
һ㣬ճϲã΢΢һ㵣ǡ
ɵͬʱһ㣬Ǿһ޵˼ڣ޾ѹԼͷ
⣬Ҳ
ѵϣѳ֮飿
ճЩƣȴҲûж롣
ϾԼŪ磬綼ЩͬһʱֵĻݣη壬֮
Щ
Ǻ»ǻأ
ճ룬벻ˣͲٶ롣
٣Լ˵ĺ¡
ԺǱӣһ䣬Լϡͻʱ޿̶ѾҪﵽĲν׶ˡ
һεΪӦþǳѣǴƹص
ճĬĬһֻ֪ҪһͻƣԼоͻһģʱԪͻƴ޽ɵʱ
һ֮ȴǾԲˣϵĳɾͣԼ޴浱ǰֻӦأ
ճһ˿⣬ת˲ʧ룬дƣҲֻǺ𷨣ն
ǸͷǰĴУϾڴ޽۷壬׼ʥ翨ã֮л顣
ʱҪģҲֻһӣһʷԴѡ
ԽԽǽӽʵճҲ˼ɽˮ˼˼ֽȡ
תͷɮЦŵɫˣȻѾ˽ᣬطʦʹ·ȥ·ңץʱС
·ͣͲͽλˣбڴˣһްġ
⻰˵ʮֿʵڸˡ
ǲﰭˣŶûС
ǰԼų⣬ԹԵĶɻԩ꣬һôûиһһճȻԸñ˷Լʳ
ɮΪѵӣܶٷֵһЩҲͰˣճܲ
ǣΪ֮ˣҪӽѹؿ֮еõôҲҪԸⲻԸ⡣



1921 ָɽǰ£
޺𡭡
λĲ鲻Ըһͷ˫룬һ·صɽ
ɽʤ֮Уɮ˾㶼ԣĬȻΣ˴ŭ
Ȼ˷ǿ֮ͽһ·ҵΪޣ㿴ǷҪͽˣ
оŭ⡣
һ棬ɽֶ΢΢
˫ǰһɽ֮ϣ硢٣ɽ·ͳΪС
ճ̧߿գ˫ĮȻ
ǴһĨǳЦҲΣֻǰɮǰС
ѩŮüë壬ʵүǲʩ
ᣬֻǰȮİˡ˸֣֮ͨ·棬û̫飬ȶȥ
ʦˡѩŮüճһۣЦţ²ٵģں̤ݶУƣԵĻ졣
ۡ
Ц
°ɽˮ߹ɽһУУھ֮֡
ճǾ䡮ȶȥصɮߣôࡣ
治½ȥһ֡
¹ϵɵƣݲ˴еҡ
Լˣˣһжһ¡
˱仯Ͳˡ
õķ仯ҲûʲôΪɽǿв֣ʧܡɮǹ˭ģ
ʣԼһΣֲŲܴ˵ʧ
ɽɮڣڣס
νתʮΣˣ̤֮ͨ·õʱҲʱ
ûˡ
ˣһֱ߱ȫȡУɢ֮УӴӰ١
˭Ҳ֪鵽׻ôչ
ԣλͷ˵׺ݣʵҲֻڶѡ
˵Ҫȥͽճ˵򲻴ù᲻ȡ裿Ͳҡ
ѵĿȡһԤУ鷢չ൱
زһͣϸü΢΢š𣬳ʵ
ֻأ´ԸգĲɷ𡣡˿ɵùݡ
֪ԴӴԸ֮ΪǼ챩ǣһֱͣ
ÿɻһԩǣܵõһֹ¡
ڷĴ֮Ҫĩβ˵ɷˣǱһЩ޺Ҳǿȥ
ΪѾĵĳ⡢ͣ׺˹
ãٹһʱ䣬ԼܿܳԽΪǿһ£һΪŷ
Ͳˡ
ڷмٷҲгƺŷ
ŷȻӡȼ֮ʵǿᣬС
ٷ𣬾ֱ䴵ģ˶ɳɷ𣬷سɷ
ⲻλһ˵
˵˷񣬽ˡΪʵܿһ޺ɰǵ
ƺŷֻλ漰Ϊ硣
֮ɮΪ̴·𣬶ձΪսʤ
ַţɽ֮ҲǱϵġ
ǣۼΪ͵λҲжߣǵʵԶԶȲ
Եʵġ
һǱ뷷ΪǱ˸ġ
һԼģعķλλȻͬն
ԣزʵѾ磬õϿɵĹ𣬹ŷĴúܡ
ɻԩճҲ۹£ֱʴĵֶΡ
ȡ;УճֱԣҵɻֻҪն껯Ϊʣػأǹ
ۣڱҲж治ڵزǶҡĸˡ
ԣλа˵˼ߣͷò˳ˡ
ȡܻܿڶԷϡ
Ͳ롣
ΪлλһְǴʧȥģ˵ǱǿҪȥ
زôһ˵˵ܣѴþ棬ˣ
۲žӰʵزˣûˣʵֻԱķݶˣûȥ١ӷԲ׳ÿһջҲԲٵġ
˵ŻͰͶԱ߽յ֮ϡ
΢΢һЩգɽ֮ϣǶһЩԡ
һŨϣΪϸϸȪжϣֱɽڣϢһһĸغΰ
Цأ˵ο·ϲ˼ӣֻҪյøͽʦͽͬͣͬΪδһ㣬ˣǾǧˡ
ƾʵ棬ǿأΣ
زҡҡͷùʵͦõģҲ˼䴫̫ãԼ˴Ⱥնɣĵ̫ȫû뵽̰Ĳĵ
Լܸһ˿ġ
ɫ˿䣬ɣֻЦҲ޷֮£ǰȡöˣղǻҪɽʱԸȡ澭ʵ˵ǷԸأǲԸ
ʱѣҪôѳȥĶ³ҪôͰţºԸΪɳŻҲʧΪһ׮¡ǰһ͡
ĵĿ˹һۣȴֶԷüԶɽ΢գΡ
룬ǲ˹Σ̤һأɾ֮µλʥˡҵ˵Ҳʲô¡

ɽʤɮ̸֮䣬˼ɽˮԶ
ǰּϪ·ж±١
ճ΢΢Щͷˣ־׽סɮǰ·
Ҳɮţ̤£̧ͷǰ߿ɲƵɽ塣
֮УŽ
ǰǰһ˻Х
ʦʦʦҲ
ףɽʯֱ䣬ľ졣


1922 ƾʲôϣ
һɽȵ׺ճͣ˽Ų
ɫЩŹֵԶɽǴҰïʢﲻ֪ΪΣĵ̾һ
һᣬվû̫ð
ʱĺɣۺᣬϿҷġ
أڷɽϽлʦ֮ʱҲûС
ѱɻǴ̬֮ڹŪ飬ƭɮ˵
ҵѹ꣬־⴫һͥжģԪ񣬹СҲ֪ûȥǰЩ˶Է˰ɣ
ճвһ
Ȼܴ¿ͨ˵⣬ǣгɵĸ֣Ϳ̫׼ˡ
ۣôҲǿ͸ģǷֱ
ʱ˿̣Щò׼ӵǸʲô˼кɮ
ȴûλطʦһ̵ľ˹ȥܵõײײҲˤɽʯϵͷ­
Բۣһﲻɵ
ճ̾
ɮǰӲǱӣ۾۾İ̾ԭǼ
ˣ϶ǹ̸ǰһ顣
ɮ֪ԼעͽҪˣ˼͡
үôˣ
ѩŮճʵûϳк˭ʵǵճţ޳֮ʱʱĺ緢ոճۺ棬ʴࡣ
ȻѩŮʱһССŮӣҲֻǵþվһӰ
Ǹڴƹ׺񱩣ؽһȭĺӣǰλ񰧽еĺӣȫϵһ
˵Ҳʦˡ
ճЦţѵ˳֮ʱ龰˵ѩŮ׺һλɫЩơ
ĳЩ߸ϵճɽĺҲֻЩ֣Ұδѣ޷ǾǿһƤСֻҪ̺ܽˣһ֮š
СѩŮУֻڴƹɱò֫أʬ嵹һƬĺӣʵǿֲ֮ײ뱩ŰҲѩŮĵһݶ
ܹ֮ڶ̶ʮ֮УͰֱ߽޵ĽײΣɱݺѵУױӵһֹ͡
գС
ԣǿŲгһձһ
ʦ壿ѩŮ磬һŴյĻ֮ջ˼һؼĿкǾȣү㻹ʦ
⻰˵ãΪʦһ£ȫ֮дͷͨؼûдУѧõ֣Ȼʦġ
ճЦѧ£ǸνʦҿأǶںԱ͵ѧ˵ճЩ⡣
˵ⷽ磬ջʵڷɽ
Ҳһ쵽źӡ
ĻûоתȫٷţûдƷɾ͵ɷʮ䡣Ҫɳľ磬ҲҪǧꡣ
һǻԵһпһ١ȻǵĳλϣһҲ˵
ԣһ˵üʦһ顣
˵źһ顣
Ȼλʵһ㶼ûаԼһ£Ǵ
Ͳ˵ˡ
˼ͨ󣬷ޱߣҪԼı
ճԸټ϶Էһ档
绳ˡ
ճɣλʦĳλʥ˵ʬ֮Уû˿ĸš
Ҳܰ£ͽܣִ꣬˵ע⡣
ںճʣԼʵǰѾˡ
ڻͥ壬̲ԡָ֮·˲ٿء
ɵʥ˵Ķݡ
ճ첻µز£һӸͥаĺӣԵͬСһ㣬˾Ҿ¾ͷ
ʱһ룬ӵ³ճҲǲ̡
ֻ˵ֶĺúݡ

Ⱥ飬ճҲ岻֣Ȿڱ˵֮Уֻطʦֲٳ֣һ١
£ֻԶɮϵǰȥ
ںӵİ֮£ɮɽۣҿִġںӵĸ֮£ܵԶԶģճߡ
λʥɮﻹһ㾪µģҪѰ󱣻
Ȼ֪ճԼŲɵ͵ìܣҲףԷĿԼΣ֮С
ԭɣǰףڷλĴĵָ֮£ҲӦöߵϵĻദˡ
˹ȻýԶûʲô׽ԡ
ҲҪճԼʵû̡ϲյͽӦʮǿԻԼһ·Уηħֺ



1923 ƾʲô£
һһأСʱɮģϱȫȺ
ȴһҲƣۣȫ˷ɫ
˫۶Ŀǰڴ
ߣп϶һͽΪηҵȡ̫Сˣ϶Щǳ𣬶үʮֲء
ѩŮһ˵
ȥճҡҡͷ⡣
̤·ϣǻ˵ǱʥɮȡʵϻûлԾ֮Уûλʥɮжء
ֻһնӰˣǿջ˵Կףһ㹻
ңԼǰ۸ɮԷô˳ۣҲΪ֡
¡¡
һ죬ԶɽͻȻը̳ʯ¡
ϡﻩɽ¡
ɮòһӵڵأͼһżХǰ
һͣмͳһëĸߴӡ
ӶɮģԶԶţϥжͷڵأʦͽҹΣε
ȫˮԵǻϡꡣݹ֮ĵ죬̬ͣʦģһ·Уʥᱣһ·ƽȡ澭
ͽɮϲԽԽϲǰЦʵʲô

ţҲú
ʦʢ⣬ԭиա
ػϲҲǵɡģСͷһ㣬Ϊߣô
յããã
ճź˹ɣֱЩ̫Լ۾
ʵҲ׮׮Ρ
ֻԹ۹칬һսһͬѧյճᵽǰһĻΥ֮
ӱѣӲΪҲ˼롣
ҪǣΪϰԣ˶ǿż־֮⣬Է֮һ㶼Ҳһ۵ġ
˵ˣ
ϵ࣬Լǵж٣Ϊɱ̫࣬ûϡ
ճʵҲӵ˼άǾǡֵ֮üǹô
ɮȻͷͰݣķڷˡ⻹ʥ𣿡ճЩ
һ΢΢ĺڷֶһȷҪĳ飬Ȼ᲻ֶεġ
ԼʱΪ˵ҲΪУԵĳɴСܲСģǧ˴ӱˡ
һ棬ճҲʹںȫûаԼĻ
һ˵ʵһҲԼ
»ͥԣһЩıֶΣ˻飬ú֮⡣һԭ򣬵ȻΪ˽֮֡
ӻˣ߶ԷĴ治ԼΪ·ϣܻࡣ
٣ӾͲŴ֣Ϊžľѡ
·ְֱһʱˡ
ճɣӴֵʱʵӰ죬ڱԡ
õˣӦҲɮһ㣬϶ɽԼס㡣
Ҳһ·ʮǧΪʵûǵԭڡ
ԽԽˣûʥİ硣
ʵϣĽëӣѾǲˡ
ѹɽ֮ʱճ˿ͷ˻󣬶
ȥˣǵɫˣʱѾɴ
ˣӴʧ١ڰ¯ﱻһʣడܵĲˣ޾ʱȴʣ޼ʣɽϵִ䷨˺ܴĹ͡
һ㣬ӻδ
ֻǸຣһ已̥ĺ¶ж¡
׵ǣȻĳĽжԷʦ
ʦǴҵͬװĴڣôҲеóڣ
ޣ֪߳ܡ
ѩŮһԿſţɫҲȥ
С֮ʱӵһ棬ܳһʱ֮ڣѩŮǰѶԷɼġ
ֱ߽֮󣬲ųնɱħ󣬲پ¶ˡ
ʱԼòսʤĨͯӰ޳ܵһйݣôҲ
ǿһһëε֮£Ҳȥڿ»ε͸Ƿꡣ
ֻһǶ˴ħ档
ѩŮ𣬱һʦͽȫһ
ɮʱ˷ѾԼ߻أͽܣôҲ԰һɡ
Ϊʲô֪ͽǰ̸˰
Է˵ˣΪˣԷѹɽ¡
˷״ҴҲܿΪеȥ
Уֱ۵չʾˡǸ߿ɽƵľɽֻΪ˷ͱһը١
ǿʲôزˣ֪
ͽΪʦһ£λԭĿ̫棬˼ˡΪʦУһ·ĵʩӦ
ɮգߵһԽܵ
ջվֱ壬תԱߵճʦͽˡѩŮһӶȻճȫǲ˼ɫ
ոѳ鼤Уûйעܱˣβûɨһۡʱɮѣȥŷˡ
ɮȻоЩԾѿ˵ô֪ķŽ
Ż䣬߳ܣԵķ
ϸëл֣ۣһӲӵĹӰġ
İǰʢų˼Ȼ㣿һ޵Ӷˡ
ѹɽ£Ҳһ㶼֪¡
ɽߴʱͯ棬˳ҩôһЩļһϲŪһֻѹŵĺӣʱʱιϼҰˣ
ô꣬Ӷ糯ͥĴ£һЩ˽⡣
ԭƿ̫֮׹
ðɣԼѹżѶգԷޱҸʦֵ֮±ȡ
ƾʲôŭһ𣬡ΪҲ֪ЩҺͽ𵤣Ҳȡ˺ܴһ֡ʦң͵ѧǻͥԣܹӰ⡢׷ԭһڹ
˵ģʵǣƾʲô԰ɸȴ꣬ĥ
ɶǣȴң
ŭţ¶һ̣ȫûɮһԺʲôнǴ󣬻Ϊްճͷ䡣



1924 ӣֵƤˣϣ

ճХһ֮ɫָ˵һһͥķʡ
ӰɽȻ»
ŭХţռ䱻ϸ鲨ơ
Ƭʵ죬ǧƬƬȻ˺ѹͬʱ
ճֻǸ𹿰ԽԽڱء
ѩŮۼһ£ưѲ췭ظҲԷ䡣
ĺëըһֻСҰèƵģҪνֵоһɤסС
ѩŮͷһ壬ǿкӵӰ͵ɮߣʹ֣Ӱ涡
ȻԼүһ·ϣûаطʦİΣѩŮȴ֪ʵλûʲôɫĺʵĺܣϵɵĻԵ
Ȼˣظоܳ£һ·Ҳˡ
ʵϣѩŮ֣Լ̫ˡ
ֻǵĻסɮһ׵顣
ನϮ֮ʱϾͻᷢһԼԼޡ֮Уͬˮһܷɢ
ֻҪΪĿ꣬һ㹥˺
ȻѩŮıҲûô
÷źֽûء
Ǹȫ޵ʮ콫ӲƴġǴӣŰţɮҪƨ
һ£ճ·ֻص˵ڷɽ֮ʱӳϰһսԼ
һսأ
ˣƺǱԼΪ˿ޣĴâ࣬ܿ䡣
ʱĺԶûΪʵҲûһơ
ǣǹ֮еİﲻ֮⣬ȴĶ
أһǴˣȴֻɭĺһĺ⡣
粻һʵȴǹ
ɱǧ򱶣ȴѾƫ棬ûһȨѪӳ׷ˡ
ճﲻ֪ΪΣһЩܶԷĹĿԼǾúϧ
Ҵǻͥ壬ɲΪ㾵Ӱڳ֮еġ徻أħϮڻߴ·ӡ
ͷתһɲǼ䣬ճ˼ת΢΢̾ϢһǧӰͷ֮ǰȻ֡
ʯϸָһĨϽɫ̣ץڰͷ紦
ˡ

ŵһ䣬ڿУë裬˫ǰ죬
ȫһ棬ƺǴʵˣƺ޴
ǰӰζţоǰһ߷壬ô˷ֺ
ڰ֮Уܰ﷽Բ΢΢һͽ㳾
·һʵʵںڴ֮ϣƣֺ
Է֮ǿ̫˼
ȻԼҪӲ֡
ܡ
з֮ɫһɨ⣬¶Ȼ֮ɫһʹͷ
ʱÿһͼǰˣ⵽Ĵܣ
ճǸһĨЦȫǵĮ飬ֱ䣺ӣֵƤˡ
һ棬ǹ棬ʹɱ֡
ճԺΪǳʧˣЩʧ١
Ѿ첻µز£ȻĺӣǱϴԣնɵĴ֡ɳ޺ǹ˳񣬶ͬΪչˣһͱ졣
һͥӲû޳ɣǰе徲ΪԺ󣬷ִء
ȥǺڷȴԼɱġ
ǲԼĵѹֵĳһ
ȻճȥֹƢ
һԳڣȻʧԭأԭط״
һ裬šתۣδ𣬽ƾһд
һҪΪǧ籩꣬ٴռȻ
ͥս֮УһӴǧĹƣ֮죬ս֮ʵڲڶ롣
˵ԽսԽǿԽԽ͵ĵ͡
Ͻëըӿؾ˫۵ͬʱͼǰһ
һֻɭɭҫϽâȭͷ֪ʱȻͻؿռ䣬Ӱ谭Լǰ
໡
һҺ޷һʲôо
ƺﱻɽûǿ԰ȫѹ顣
֫ٺ밧籬죬ѪĦ롢š
һɫ۶ڱ֮࣬ǵĽɫѪɢɹ
ʹʹ
ϸ룬ΪʲôԼʮ䶼û仯жͱ޴һƬƬٱѹԲϸ
󴩹ʮɽݺݵˤƽԭʯ֮ϣһ޴ʯӡ



1925 ӣֵƤˣ£
ɮĿš
Ͳһĺӣǰһ̻ݣһ̾ͱС
ɽ壬ֱˤԶȵʯ֮ϣڵϻΪһС㣬ڲͣĳ鴤
ȫ䣬ɴ˸顣
תͷֵĿճ߾ѩŮЦҲǲ֪ƫҪִΪʯȴûֻҪʵǿĳزǿԴ꣬ĥ𣿡
ˣ
ɮݴͣҪ޳
ոµͽܣȡҪԷ֣㱻
޴ʧӿͷ
ǵûУʦݣʹɱ֡ƣݺݽѵһȴģ϶ʹˡ
һ㣬ҲѩŮרŽ˵ɮס
һֻߴӣɰƴСǱñֽţ˵϶ܵýˡ
ǿнɫѪĴ䣬һʹֿݵġ
ڣɮӣóһʱ䶼ʯȥģҡҡλεİûлָԭ֪ԷӶɺˣûлָǡ
ɮӵճʦͽһۣħ
ſڽ࣬ʲôҲû˵ֻǰȾܡ
һܵԣסʵգû°ɣɷ㲻ҪƽϣȡҪԺҳ𷨹󣬿
˵ɮڴʥɮãĵİѿʵǺϸ¾΢ġ
ֻһ̷棬ϰԵͨոѿ
յͽȴһ˵Ǹո£ȴҲżʵ⡣⻰˼򵥣Ȼ򲻹ͲҪǺˣһճ̡
ʲôްް˰ɣרȡҪ
һᣬ糱ˮʹȥӻָ壬ճһۣŶԷѩ䣬ʹ˸ͻҲ˲˿⡣
ɮ֪ΪΣ;֨֨۵һֱ˵˵ʮַ꣬²ͷľһƿɮŭ˵ˣҲ˵ȡһԵĻܵһ
˵ƺİһЩתͷֵȡ·
ô·ɮȻ
ӵĶֻΪԷʹһ٣ﲻ䣬һʱ
ӳ¶ģȻŽëʵЩطڱβаհǶ֮лŮԵ£ʵǶ˵úܡ
֪߳ܣɮͬġֻǲףĽҰģִȡ
ûףһ̤Ա֮춯һֻ󻢱ùſڵذһҲܶ
ոн֣һ赭дĻӳǻͱһ⽴
ǰȥָΪѻƤóķ״ҲֻڲݵϲѪȣ͹ϣ˸ᣬҲ
ײеһĻɮִ˸
Ҫ˵һ˵к֮µĵԥһ£û˵
ʵֶ̫ˡ
ð֮ͽУȫһ㣬ôôշ޺ֶ֪Ҫǿ϶ٱˡ
뵽ܰôײеͽܶûƢл
ɮճһʱԡ

ǣһڹŹֵ֮У̤֮·
Ҳ֪ǲǸո˵ͷԵóĬ࣬ɮȻչˣȴҲһЩڡ
ճʱֶܷԷ֮е㯡
ӦҲѾЩʲôһٴ򡣡
ճﰵ˼ţӵѹɽ£»֮ͥԷԼУӦԵֿնɻִ䡣
ǣǰģԷȻûҹУҲֶη㡣
֣˼ת֮£ͽʧݣ˱в֪
Ϊѡ
๦ǱĬ紺绯꣬ճ˵ûʲôð취ȥƽ⡣
ʲôֶοƽҲܻ˼ȥһԼԸĺӡ
ȻغӵıΣ
޷ú˱ԭ»ָ޷ıӣûµľʹһԼƹ
ԭĺӲ죬ײмǳ
ֻҪ˻ᣬܿܰԼԼһСǾЩ鷳ˡ
Ҫģʯɵϲ٣鱦һ
ճڻûа취ԴԴöԷʹѵ಻ԣҲѧǰ㣬취סԷ
Ҫ״Ӹ˺ӣȴġ
һ㣬ͥն̨ûа취Ͼ¯û˵ҲûճȻ֪Щеǲ飬ȴ֪˺ǿָ
ЩӦֶ֪Σʵ˺ӵĸ
ʣǰճǺĽģȴˡ
ǿһ棬һ棬Ҫǿ
ľͰװˮģԶ̵ǿľ塣
ǰĺӣǱģʧ籾ԣ֪ܲ˵һı

һգ߹һɽͷ·һִǹ̽ǿһǺУߣƥȥ
ɮһţɫͰˣһˤڵء
æЦ·̲ˣʦҪ¡
ճһ֮󣬺ûǰǣƺĳ˷ߣһĻɮǰģִ
ʮ̵ܵɮʮ
ںΪճֻ̾ϢҲȥᡣ
Թţֻ֪Ź֣ȻбҲæŲһ֡
һδԣ˲Ҳûֵֵĵط
Щ죬ѩŮһٯٯģɽˮе顣
ڣǿճֻ̧̧üתѩŮ˵ȥˡ
үû˯ðȣҸɽͷúõտһЩҰζһپˮಽĸɵߣ̫Ҳû˼
𣬿֮˵ɡҽһľСԺʱóĽҰ룬Ҳܵ԰֮
ճŮͽܵԴ
֪ѩŮʵЩеСˣ䡣
ǣӴˣЩżҡСʱ֪ڶ칬棬˼ʳ
ǳջȥһˣҲǼŵġ
˵ŻǱȡ˽𹿰ͬһ㣬׶󺺣һһԴͬʱЦ
ɮɫָźӣ㡭㡭û˵
ˣѵҲһ٣ճ۾΢Уϸɽ֮Ĳɫˡ



1926 ʥģϣ
Ǽǿͽõ˾ҲֶΣֻȥˣôͶȴ޹˵úУɨؿϧɶɴֵơôףһٴȫһȱ֮ģ绹ɽҰ˲鿼Уһʱײ㣬ҲףִŹӣҴˣҿð׿ͣ
ɮ߶߶ģԽ˵Խǲޡ
ձ²ҪȴһͷһĭӣʮƣʦȴҪ
ɮŭȫĲˣˣסҾҲֻһȴɱˣ˵
ʦ˵ǰݻɽΪֵʱڣҲ֪ˡ
ɮֻ㱩˼䣬ڿϣǰ֮ѡɳţǻʱףһζȥ죬úУ
˴̣ʱŭȻ˵úУϲ죬Ҿͻȥˣ
˵Ҳɮ˵ʲôһݾԾƶˡ
ѩŮһԿĿɿڴ棿
ճ֪ôһ棬Ҳ֣Ҫ˵ӵƢԿ϶ʮֱģȻѱԣҲͷڶߴߴ߶ʱ뿪Ȼ
ɮĪٰ̾ģճЦЦ֪϶Ҳڷŵ֮УѴôˡ
ƺһȫԼ֣ҲԶת˵ģҲ֪еʲôΣ
ճ̿գѩŮ￴طʦҰ޵ȥȥȥ
š
ѩŮνţͼճҲǻһĨ⣬ֱȥ
ȥˡ
ճŽƵƹ⣬΢΢ɣֺȻ뿪ʵߵĲ̫üȫ
ڲ࣬ȴţãͼһ޷⣬ԼʱɽУ֪һǹֳˡ
ճҲעɮ˵Щʲôֻǹյʱ⡣
һâִһɮɽִ
ѾȷˣӵȷǱǣʱȫʧȥҡΨһĿȡȡκ˵Ѿʧȥ塣
ճ΢΢䣬˵ⱻѹ꣬һӾȻȫûԼļ磬ҲûЩͥɱʣ޼һЩӺûЩһ
κܲ
Ҫ֪ѧɽ֮ʱһʱŻȥɽ˼С
ʱ뿪ɽֻʮ겻
У칬͵֮ʱһ£ҲܻɽУټźһ磬Ϊá
ôѹ֮ǲʱЩãȴ˾أ
Щԡ
ļûг⣬ȻǵԼʶõһ
ȻҲϵ֮ͥнύˣĿǣȴȱʧ
仰˵Ѿʧȥ˱ԡ
˵ŵ鹥ȷˣҲǻȻδ
ճ뵽ϲһɶ񺮡
һ½Уͼɮǰ˵źû֪ΪΣһʮֲþ
ʦˣұȥ㻯ЩիԡЦ˵
ոɮ˹֧СҲѻת⣬ĸʦͽ±ڡ
صûիǰЩȥòѰЩˮҳЩ·ա
һ򿪰˼ձͼ޵һ಼ֱ֣һǶñӵ۾ֱˣñǶģ
ɮ˳ڶӦСʱġñˣý̾ͻ·ˣ񣬾ͻ񡣡
ϲʤץʦñӺ·͸Ҵ˰աɮֻ³̲һãʹ˰ա
ճЦһʱźӵɵҲ̲סˣ̲סñ·ãѣеˡ
⻰һɮҿ϶ǰ֮ʱѩŮǲ֪ģΪ֮ʱǸѾ˵ط
ǣλʩô׼һ㣬֪ȥ
ûôƭյͽܣúŭĵǼҺðɣʦȻԸ㱦ҲҪˣѧͻУʵ̫ˡ
˵ŽͷѵͿñʲô仯𣿡
ճЩѾˣʱҲˡ
һЩݣȻܽ˺ӣǣҲûҪô
ֶЩпᣬһȦȦסţһסһ㣬ճȷЩˡ
ܻǵ飬ܵ˵Ǻġ
ǣôҲû뵽ӴʱȫǲԼһȫ¿ηˡ
ȻӱñĹâסʲôȥˣֻŭҿڼʣĽҵõƯñѣٸǰҴ£Ȼ㲻ǣԵǸŮ޿ɲҵĶ֣СҲֶΡ
ðɣԸɡ
ȫǱ𾭺ȳ˵ļʽճ⻰ò÷ۣҲˡ
ᣬţȻͺúܰɡ



1927 ʥģ£
ӺüŭĿģճٲȥĿŶԷϽñӣȻͼɮĿ

һҺֽŷֱ۾͹һͷԵڵأʹŹȥ
ݣ
ճһʹ
ֻñĽʱԲʱ⣬ʱСѺͷճһ«״һȺѪɷֱ֮꣬ƺС治Ͽɡ
ճУЩƻõСʵרŹƾǿʵҲס
жʹ
ڵϷȥȫӾܲµһ㡣
ǰճһȭҲûʹ
ȷֻҪƳƣǿȲﵽƽ𹿵ǰ㣬ôҲܽѵġ
ңֹʽ϶ǳ˵ܷΧ
Ϊͽ̷ҵרȫƾ־Ӳ
ɮͣͣŷ
ڷɮñӵ״ӺζԼôϵŭͷͳӾҪס
ûɮ
ʹ̫ݣ˫ڵؿʦԺûǧˡԸУԹ˻֮⡣
ɮ⣬ЦȻˣȥ׽һƥҰˣԺк̾ǡ
ӵͷӦǣ߹ճԣ߲ѣҲԸ࿴һۡ
ôһӣճ˵ˣͷƲһԡ룬Ͻ𹿵ĺӣӦǳ˰ɡ
ѩŮһԴ˸Ҳ˷ֶεĺˣоһЩɫСүʥ㱻շˣ
ԣעģ칬һѾˡ
ǻ᲻Σգ
ѩŮ££䣬оವġ
ΣһֱڣоϻֻҪСһ㣬˿ɳ֮ûġ
Σյʱʵں븣һս
һս춨ľ棬÷Ų̫ҹԼͷȴҲܵġ
һȦȦһĲɫ˷ΪɣһСһֱţĽʧ
һɽɮüģâ׳󡭡ճܲңԶĵطһʲɮԪ໥Ӧš
ȫɽŵĺô
ճƷһջ񣬸ܵԼɵԼĪĳҵֵ˼ڰ
ǰԼ̫ݣʶˣԶʳǰ첻ġԼȻ֮Уζ÷һ
ֵôҲʹ죬ʱʧӴ
ˣǾˣҲʡҶ໨˼ֻǸɮһߣܵõôëҲŻȥɱɱ
Ȼڶеļ˿ջ񣬾֮Ҫеõôͺܲס
ճһЦУƥҰץǰ
ɣԺĪܣ𡣡

г̣ӹȻʮֹɣúܡ
򹷲켦ȻճĻɮġ
ѱһֻõİ취ʵǰӺͺܲǽûõġ
ճᵽһ㡣
һ·ߣһգ͵һڡ
ɮǰӻڲࡣ
ͻȻ䣬̶ˮһӿʹܳһҪɮ˴¸ȥ
ִ٣ȫûзֻ˳һͰɮƥͺͱ¸ȥ
һô

ҲˣСΪɮȡ
ң˺ë
ȻˣǷôһŪӵʵ½Щ
˵·ϵ֣СһʱᶼòˣҲʵý
ճΪһֱԶԶţûг֡
ֻǹעɮûΣգǰҲȥ֣ƺҲֵˣȥȥ֮ǰ΢΢ЦЦòʮ
СأʱճѾϲˡ
֮Уճһʱ˾ŶԹСͥãҲΪճߡ
ʱ˿̣Ҳ֪ŪʲôֶΣֻһһƥɮС
ճȻҲе£ǰ䣬ûҪһͷϾ
ûģһεˣճɷֵɣɮɣһɡ
һˣյһˣҲȥ
ճǳˣԼŪݵŶôõĸҲѹĳЩˣӸտʼͳɳĻˡ
ºܺ⡣
һ·У·;գɮΪ֮⣬Ĺ˭
ǰճ˵Ĺ;Ǻӡɮƽֹͣɮ֮ϡ
ֻΪһ·ɮΪԣɮĹͻ֮ϡ
쵼ϵ۹͡
أһȾΪɮ˻һ·ػնħȫںͽϣŻ
ͬճΪһֱߣˣҲ䵽ˡ
Ҳճʲô鶼ȥɣֵܷôͷԭڡ
ֻǵõĺôʤޡ
ĶʦֺɳУһһǣǸɵ˵飬Ҳû̫ջ
Ȼǲ̫ΪҲ̲ô
Լְ𣬾飬Ҳﲻϲ޹л
Ҳһһ·ӵԭ

ôͣͣ
˸ׯջ˽䣬ɳɳС
еĶԽԽ뱸
ճһ·ûô֣ɮˣѾѺһһŮʦͽԺ
һգճоӿԪɻڼ
֣һһصĺУһĪĸ֣رôһˡ
ͻƾǰ
ǰбգӳ䣬һ¥ǣ
һׯ԰
ճһݣ֮оͳһ˿¶֪ҪһأҲɵһء
ͬʱԼ˵Σյһء
ĹǿϢߴգԻҫĿׯ԰档
ǿѹŶ⡣
޿ɶܡ



1928 ӣϣ
ճ̧У˼̾һͣ˽Ų
ѩŮվ󣬲֡
һԼȳٲ໰нһնһϱɣϥ֮ϣĿ
ϽϹâ˸ȻһеĽڤ˼֮

ѩŮʲôҲûȴһݡ
Դ̤·ûԼʦйı顣
㵱̫ͥ׽ǣҲ赭дִ򷢡
ֽ۷弶Ķ֣ǰͬСһ㣬û̫в
ѩŮóʦֻ
ѵׯ԰֮лŸĶ֣Уֻͥɽĸ߲ˣͲ֪˭ڴˣ
֮ԴѩŮУˣһĽпЯˡ
һɣͽܣճϲѩŮĵطͽܴΪʲôҲû˿Ұģɵúܡ
֣Ͳ֣¡
ֻǾճ㶿ǰׯ԰ͬӰһ㵴𱡱
ѩŮԴ̤·Ȼûзݶһ·ҲմһЩˡ
ڽɲεĸ˵ôʲôֻˮˮǶѩŮ۷徳磬ȴѵõĻԵ
ǰЩ죬ˮɵͻɾ磬ڳ칬֮Уճʥ֮⣬Ϊˡ
ʱڵ֮УսҲΪǿԶԶԪسˡ
Ͼ˶衣
Ԫس磬ȻҲǹ˳㣬ճ棬վԼŮ׽Ҳܵʱʱ̿̿СĴ
һ㣬Ľġ
Ҫѧûᣬȥʦ˯
ðɣԪس絹Ҫʦ˯ҲÿճԸԸ⡣
ﵽɾѩŮڵɽҲһˡ
û̫Դ뷨ϾҲս£֪ܴ󣬸˺ܶࡣ
ǣʲô
Ȼ²ôһ£ǾͲԼ
Ԫ񴥾̽ȥûܵ˿谭ܿ죬ѩŮͿ龰
һϸˣŮ桢ģȻҪѰŮӣ˵ɮʦͽˡ
л֮Ȼö˵
ͨƽĺ쳾̬ûжٳ档⣬Ǿֻ˵⡣Ӻųƻ۽𾦣ܿħ֣ûзӦֻһԭ򡭡
ѩŮת˼ͷͼɮʦͽ˾һĳһϷ󴵴ģģĶʦ־ףЪ¡
һĻĻ龰Ȼ͸оϢˡ
ɵһ֮УҲʲôׯ԰ʲôӰֻһš
Ԫ̽ȥÿһ˿ɽ
һͷѣæԪһǰһճļ米ҲҶ
ٹһᣬҲˣ޹£ԪҲűɢΪࡢסɫת
ĲƹԶԶģǳĹ㡣
ÿһӳ飬涼Ϣսɳ
ʲôѩŮ
λҪҵıأǸԪԪݻɻ󣬺ôֱʡ
ճȻƽȻһԾţӭſһΣɫԳ֣໥Ӧơ
ǰľ棬ΣҲǻԵ
ЩӻܵˣԪƹصĽҪڣۼֻҪһԾȥܼһء
ʱλ֣Ҳͬʱˡ
֪ٵȣҲκβλл˷ָͻΪ֣޷
һأȻʮּ򵥣ȴҲѲ⣬ΣΣȫλ⡣
ɮһпߣҲ֪Է˭
ճԪ񾳽粻֪Ҫ٣ȴǿġ
ϸϼ׷ƤͷȣݴȺͣΪ
ճ֮ͥл켣һʱ䣬ȴŹɽĸ
氮Ůȴɽˡ
֮⣬һȴǴˣǹ
Щ˵ڷź͵֮жǵ¸صĴ
ǣһ֣ȴȫʲôȱĳ
ճ֪ʵĿľʲôǣԼɮһУߵһ֮С
մй򣬶ԷͿԳ̽
̽ģ̽죬ʦ
̽ͬʱ᲻أʲô
λʵôںġ
ҲԴСĶ
ΪʲôܣֻҪ֮ͨ·ƾŴʱı죬Ҳκ㲻á
ճԪУһ潿ߵŮʱ̾һһ仯
ͼһ˰ѩ̨һֻ֬ƿƿ֦䣬¶ᡣ
ϴμʱҲ̫ճĴѵƿѾ޸ֲ֪Ūµ֦ϢǿңӦء



1929 ӣ£
ҲΪӾˮһ㡣
һɮˣ̬޳Ц㡣
֪˻Ϊûг֣ճȴǿףԷ֮һɱʵûа顣
ȴȺ͵˹Űӷ
㲼ķʱһ̣ر롣
ƺһؿռ֮УȫܸӦһ˿
ֵȴǸΪƽ̫ţͷһӣĹԭӿžͺϳһɣһ֣ҪǬ
ϼһúܰ
ѩŮĵ֮Уճɫ䣬һԾͷϽâҫ֮£ܻͬٴ麣һͱһա
׽ֹâոճ֣ͱⶨסţճԪڰֳֳۣ
һХռ͵ơ
֪Ŀռ֮УȫһƣǧǧǹͬʱըԼԼ⻪ţңԶ֮мͬʱӦ

磬ɽ֮ϡ
ճɽۣ˪ϣûһ˿ºۼ
ɫĮȻƺϼ⣬˥
ɽи֮糱ˣ
ǧӺ
һͻȻУŲæܳãһң
һ
һ翵ڸС
ĿɽӰһãһըףճֺͳѷ졣
һӰȫޡ
գȥģ˾ֳ޴ʧ䡣
󼸵Ӱ˳һ֡

ʱգǸһŻۣͷƽڵ꣬˫֣շǡ
ֵ٣˸裬ƺҲǣ
ٻΨһһġճ̨ͤһ˿ЦݣܾͳһС
࣡һʧ
̨ϣһƬ

ɽϣ̨ɡ
޴Ԫʯԣҩͽ
ɽʳܹâ뵡
ԶֺߣճƺؼҽðϯŴ
߼СţɽɽһƬ͡
˵Ц䣬ճͻȻ죬չһЦӣ
ճһ߲ͨһԾУ澪㵵ļŮӣЦȥȥͻأġ
ԭعµµһӨҫĿıݵأһץУȴ顣

ΨһΨΨңǴ塣
ʱһ̣Ѿʧȥ塣
صĹȥδӦԼĹϵ׷ת
ڿԻص뿪ʱǸʱΣҲԻصǸոռȭݵһʱ̡
ΣҲνȥδһõĶԶڡЩź£Ҳս
ճ⣬һ־޴͸жͷ
еһǰҿصɴ
ѹֹЩˣǶԺܶ鲻ںֻԼǲܹһ
ʵǣ쳾Ѿûʲôս
Ǿ˰ǧ꣬еһжʣƽ
ΨһҪģʵǼһأͻͻơ
ֻдﵽʥ˾磬Ծǧ磬ͬķ羰
ЩʥԶߣ֮УǲǾ뷨
λǰ̫ˣȻֹһ֮
ճͻȻ۾翣ƺڴ˼䣬ڱ˼䣬֮С
Ԫֻһ˿Ӱ񣬲ߵѩŮҲʧȥӰ١
ˡ
ɽĸɫһ䣬ɫʮѿ
֪鷳ˡ
ͷһգҪ˿
Ҳһ㶣һԣˡ
δ䣬һɵͬϯĻԳ١
ҲһУճһָâ졣
оͼһŻɵӣǵأźâ۾һʹһᡣ
졣
һڽѪλζ˳ǧ֮ң
ͷȥݷࡣ
һΣԼܱס֬ƿʱǧƬǸϸ֦ǻΪмƮƮա
ңңӦһ£ͼɽĸͷȶϳأ½Ѫ죬Ҳž֮ɫͻȥɽ
ӿţŲ
͸Ʋأ˰ӣʱѾɽ羪֮
е鱦ͱ˳Ҷδʣ¡
׶鷨ʲôͷ
Цһĵ̽Լ˰鱦
üһǲǲ
ͲȥճٴۣҲ룬ֻһΣͶڤڤʱգҲӰ١

ߵúÿ졣
ճЦһҡҡͷЩʧ
еزһ¶ֻҪԹһֲǶ֣߻Ǻ׵ġ
Ҳãһ·Ѱ鷳
ǰӰãͳһ֡
ɮաɳɮ̱ڵػԲѣ˽ȴһ֦֮ϣǵˮ־塣
֪ˣҲҸġ
ճţҲȥǣֻѩŮߵһߣ



1930 ̾ϻͷϣ
صϺԸƲơŮ˿غŻһ֡
⻪ҫڻɢ˶ٸס
һ̶̶ˮ̣һưڣʱûΪ״תΪӰ

÷þˮɫ⣬ӳϽȻ˼䡣
΢΢ü֬ƿƬСĳˮס
һᣬбתţһֻƿƿڻһˮ۵֦
ƣİƿУСһȦĺ̶ˮ̾һ
һγֵòʧĪ˾ҵĿǲɣһ·ֻ֮֮ˣٷҵܹȡˣʹ˹رյǷǣǹֻоǡ
⣬
ڴ˴ν֮еõôܹͻǰľ磬̤һ̨ס
û뵽ֻǽҿ˴Ļûпβ;ûߵѱ֡
Լƿصȡǳɹʲô壿
ʵϣȡһ£˵˭ģȻǹĪ
ɷˣһ飬ܲǺĿꡣ
Գɽͥ棬˼귨ҵҵ˼ʵΪࡣ
°ʮһѣǴǣߴţ£лֹ˱ʣһҲҴ⡣
ڣõ֮ȡԱʦֵģпʵԡ
ϣɮΪǣ㴫𷨣һ·ȣնħ
ʦͽͬģȡ澭նˡÿһÿһǣӲ뻤֡
ӼѣõëǹԪá
Ǻӵķʵϣǹͨ
Щ飬ȻûкôֻҪ³ɣɽռ˴ͷΪȻҲˮǴߣͻƾ磬޳ɹŷȻ
ճһ֣˹Ͷ
ͥɽòôҪ֣ȡˣҲûаܡ
ûúȣ˵һ÷Ĵ֮ףǻæʲô
ǳǰԼްϵ
뵽ɫįָ΢־ӿһ첨
λͬʱҫ죬оͳһ֡
Ϲ뵣ɣϸ࣬Ӳֻһۣͨٿһۣ;Կࡣ
ϺֵķɽҲӵɽ֮
ڹУ̨ƿԼ֦ʵҪҪľе徻
徻ģնɺ쳾
ĸƽʱʾˣýĻ䣬׼ɽչء
˴γ֣˰˵޳˵ʧܴ
ǣһʽ΢ԪɢÿһַΪǼΪҪġ
ĸоն徻ڡңĻǣӳ£ʧ˱档
˵ԽնɣԽġ
ʱǰչ仯Ϲʱڣ鴿һȫͬĵ;ƺѾߵ˾ͷ
ǰ·ѣҲӦĶ귨ֻصĴ澭ƻΪ˱˵룬ǰ
˵ʵڵģԼеĵ·ϡ
Ϊǵô˭Ը飿
ǣΪͣǰܲЩաѡȥ
ǵȵĳһԪɢԼ̤ؼһܿɾͽֹڴˣϣ
е徻ӽȥӰ֮УϺӵռתʱҡ
ӺȥԶԶľܼߵ
߸̨ҲŹֵģںˮ֮С
һ𡭡
ɽ֣ԼӰʧҲ

ͻȻ߾ʹһ̾ϢΪε̾ϻͷ
Ŀ̹ǡ
һݣʱӰȻס
Ӱ
ͷһͼǰһɮˡ
ɮ˳ͫ˫ӰһȦȦƺ͸
ϸСͬŰ𣬺ȶţصֹ
鷳ң徻
Կֻ࣬ز
أԣӣɫ䡣
Լóɵ徻Ϊһ壬ɽ޺һܹý
ʲôʱ򣬽ӻϢģͽϺ徻񸿻ͨ鷨
аʮ˺ǰα˾ɥһʱʤ㲻ʲôġ
˹ĿĽޱϲֻǶŹƺ췱ǣ
һָǰһ´ָ黨
ָ󴦣зл˲֪ϲ֮⡣
黨ҶһЦ㲻ǽӣ񴥼黨һʽֻξڴŹʱд󾪡



1931 ̾ϻͷ£
棬ʵֻɽƳһš
Ϊﵽ׼ʥ磬Ѿ˶㡣
ͥȻмӣ˭Ҳжô¡
ˮˮǹҲܲͥϾʵѾΡ
ϾͲͬϹʢ֣ͬΪ۷׼ʥ磬˭Ҳ߲˭
淨ǿһ㣬ͨһЩ
ϣͬһȼ
Ķ˫ȭѵ֣ͥŲӮġ
ǰ֪λ棬ʵϲǱǰݴȺֶͣμΪսޱȸǿ
ҪǣһżȻĻУ֪һܡ
ԷŲɽ¶ˮʵ洫նʬš
ۼͨԶȼƹŷ֮ϡ
ȻԶ۵֮ϡ
ʵǿᣬǣ棬ʺǶԷһ֮С
ⲻͨ飬Ǿȫͬ
նȴʬķȫΪ춥鱦ԳƵΪ౦֮ơ
ĳЩ;֮У֪һԪնȥʵʮƷ
ɽޣɷģҲ׼ʥ
ձȥͥһƻɽģҲλ
Ϊ֪ģһλ裬նȥ
ζɻ˺ɻʳó˵þˡ
֮Ʒȡɲ衢ɹÿһ̥ǣ
ÿһɽῪͻƼĸٿʢй֮޲
ֻǱһССá
Բ֪鱦ͱΪʬǿƥ
ڹУǿնȴʬߵɾʥǸġ
ʱͬգأѾûгʥͻơ
ǣռýӳǰ֪Լˣ̫ס
Էǵżߡ
Ԫɢľ£Ȼ߳µһ·
Ҫǿնȥʬɾʥ˵Ȼûʲôܡ
ǣԷռޱˣٽϹ´Ը֮۵ʬնȥҲǲԡ
ֶΣȫƹѵһأɾʥˣҪģֻǺ˹¶ѡ
˶ӣôЩһֱȴû֣ԭʬˣ˭õ֮ۻȷǼ֥鶪ϣòʧ
һˣ̾
˵ҪĻʬնȥִȻѰ鱦Ԫá磬һֱɮеľŻȡ
ڹȣյ𹿰Ҫǿ࣬ϾĽҲϷֺ
һֱȴδɮùҲǴûʲôʾ
հɽ͵طʦСͷˮСȫù
ʵϣ·ϣǰȣװһ¸֮⣬ȷƨöûС
ڿӿ취еԭѾףôһˡ
ǰ֣ǺҰţ⣬Լûп

գ˵֮λʥˣԲ
ʥ֮𣬴úıɢҲͬ
ʣµһʥλȻźҲһ˿ѻᡣ
ΪʥλȫɷӵĻڣҲ֮£磬ʱ޿̲仯
ÿ˶гѻᡣ
һ˿սƣⷽ磬ҲԽԽǿ죬Ȼ
ôһ죬ɳĳزܹɵڰλھλʥҲ˵
ֵǣԽԽ˥Ͻ֮·ȫȻѱ
Ϲһ·Ĺ֪粻û׳󣬷;ĩ·һܹѡ
Ҳ˹±ʮҪԭ
Ϲˣˣһһ֡
滯½磬Ե֮֮ͨ·
֮Զ˼̣֮ȷľ
ôһλ˼ӲĴʬ»ˣֱڻڶʳ
ΪҪֵ̣״ʲô⣿
뵽ش¶Ȼɫ
ȺʦܣҲ̫ףմʦΪ뵽˽һһսʦ٣ɾҵķλ˭ʤ˭δ֪
һ˿׷䣬£ѾᡣЩеƣҲѾûʷ֮У˭Ҳ
㵱յĴȺˣյĹΪھУѵʮˣʵҲֻʦ£ܶණǲġ
ʥΪóȨͨ¶౦ʦΪֳ˷
ԭʼȼƳ棬Ϊ
׮׮Ѫ֮УѾ¡
ʦֻ֣һ䣬Ʊ仯Ȼ֮У
ʵĲ£ֱָ֮
ǰ°ŵʮ;ȴһ֣һ˼Ƕһλ
ƫƫ˲֪лżķ
Ǳƴ;磬ʣȫκ顣
λ޸ͬʱ֣Ԫ۶Ϊθ֣ͥҲûһƴ֮
ǣ鷨һ֣ͷ֣ԼӤһ㣬޻֮
һ̣类ų⼷ѹš
оԵĲͬˣԳ֡
ΰϹ
ºɣ飬ܿԼһֶ
˰ɡ
صϺչޣҲûף״˽ٻηչԸȥС
ǺǡЦһʵʦΪƣ뵱к𣿡
ȹشԴ𣬡һ·նħ˹㴫𷨡Ŵˣ˹¹ںδΪ˭ãºվҪϹ峯ʥ֮·
˵˱ϵɽ
ˡЦ̨
ʮƷŹâתĿģѱ硣
˳˳ˮһ·ֱɽȵԲҷֿɶһԱ󽫡ʦģֻվ£պлر
˵꣬ԭعӰһ˼ȫޡ
Ȼתͼˮϣԭ״пտҲ
Ϻ֣±֮Уһкȫޱ仯һ



1932 ֤ϣ
ϺԷ
еźִ㣬һڻԭƻ̤;
˽Դɽׯ涪˺ô֮һ·ϸɴƹˤˣ̰Ժɫıԡ
ͣͣ䣬ճŷ
ɳҲܹŹֻ֣ŵӣȥԹ
ѩŮһʵҲĥ󹤣ûһ˿־
·ǿ֣˽ɳɮı֣ѩŮðҡͷ
ĵһ·УԼԽǿˡ
ʦʵﵽһĪĵزˣһΣλɸˣҲʦֵ³˴ǲ֪ΪλҪɮһͬУ
ѩŮɻȴûȥʡ
֪Լʦ϶Լĵ֪̫ಢǺ¡
ճҲѩŮʲôɮʦͽˣԼ¶С϶Ҳ㲻⡣
ʲôҲû˵һ·Խɢ
ź׹Ǿһʬħˣת
ûа㲨ЩЦ

ģһߵ׹룬ɽСϾһ֦չĴﱧʳޣˮƿ˹ʮϵҪիɮ
ţͷɮԡ
ɮǺ°Ȼװģ˼ΣʵǸ˵ġ
˵ʱɮ˼뻹ȫ已̥Ϳʲôԡ
ǿ˽ɳɮΪҲû۹򣬵ȻҲ
ңΨ²ңһԺź塣
ȵӲժҰһ֪䣬¶˵ͰŮһ
ðɣŶ
쵼û˵ŮźͰԣŮʩ
ʲô£
ò˵׹Ǿˣ֮󣬻ûǻûһʬԭأһ
ȻЩʳȫʬ桢û֧ţԳ
ɮҪˣоǲǴա
ƫƫ˽һԴ˵ʦֱǿǧ򻯣һʯͷҲܱɸģ˾
˼Щʳϳ棬ȫʦڵ
ʦ˵ɵĻԹڴ
Ӹׯ˻ﱻ˳һٺô򣬴Ӵ˷˪ѩ꣬һ·˵Ǽٵġ
־ӣȻĳˡ
Ǵ򲻹ˣϱʱʱĶһѣҲǺõġ

ճԶԶţѩŮһһƷžƣžҰζû˸
ϣʱʱľһŰӰ֪˳ֱû֮С
һ·ÿһιӰţϢǿϼ֡
ǲٹˣճ֪һ·ȥɽûԼĹϵ
Լֻǲ֣ܲ⵽ȥ
Щӣרе飬һֱڹ۲ɮ
ֻλʥɮ˵ΪӵĽӣʵǹŹֵý
˵Ϊظ已̥Ҳ˵ùȥʵô׼ȷ
źܶ಻֮
һ棬ߵڸ·ħױȡ
ֻҪ߹·ʮϰûֻŹƺʱʱ̿ɢĳջϢ
ȻǷõġ
һλʥɮÿÿգܻΪġ
Ϸ쳾ǰһ㣬գº֤ȫǼ
ͽǸħֻһԾ䡣
һзȡ
ǽ¼޺䣬һЩèˡ
ճ֣Լͷһοһˡ
үЩӰʲôϸϸѾаǧһٰʮӰ̨֣ϢҲøǿˡ
ѩŮ̲סҪ˰ɣճЦҲûʲôģͻƴ޽֮ΨһзҪչ̨鴿ͶӰеӰҲع飬Ҳһݷһζдá
·ոıƾֵ飬ճ˵ĵǸǽж
Դ޾飬ȴǾ˵
ʦ˵ǷʵϣԼ辶Ա߾ѧ˱£Ҳûʦ
ԭûгĻӦûһˣ˵ǻһֻӣҲʦȥ˹С
ңճ֪֮ͥǧۡ˳ȹֲţԿء
ظ֮УزҲһͷޣʲôǳڹ֮ϵһͨȫܾѹơ
ԣʲôܣǲҪ˵һ˿켣Ҫ¶֪
ճģǱ飬ʵֻһ¡
ֻ֪ջˣΪõȴû˷֣ƾɺˣԪΪһ
ֱϣ硣
Ǻܲ˼һ顣
תȻžתʵ֮Уû˭ɡ
ǺӺɣҲֻ޵תѣĴУԼľתҲֻ޵ת
ճ¡
ﵽתֻ֤һ룬û֪ǲġ
ճԸġ
Ϊ֣ΪнΪԵ֧֮£תɣֱ֤ǲܡ
飬Ȼ˵
²еõϢҿ϶Щ˻᲻ƴΪҲҪԼв׶ɱ
ͶӰѩŮ֪ճʲôճĴ޾磬дΪѵ֮Уͬһңǻ𣿡
Ǹ磬ѩŮ
ԪسڸǰӦþͻһЩ



1933 ֤£
ʱ򣬶ĳЩδ飬ûľɫоʶ
ճΪĲ䣬δĥɾԼ޼¼
Ӧ֮£ͻ
֮УΪǻ۵ʵŸָݡ
Ԫسǣλ洩Խ֮ʱʱᣬתݡʱ˳ȻһԼ϶ȼߵϡ
Ƿ䣬﹫ӡ
СпһŮˣźӡ
һΪ죬ÿһӡǶԶӦΪÿһ顣
ճԼΪɽּһͷǣɳ׳սӵ󹬵ĸܡ
˥ĳҧˣٱϳȺȳĬĬ
ǲǱˣǸ֮УճͶӰ
ʿӣ¥ˡ
ֹ½һһУÿһӰ֣һκ쳾
޽ɣ㣬磬ΨΨҡ
Ψһİڡ
ÿ˲ǹ¶֮Уͬʱǧǧ쳾֮䣬ĺãã
ߵͷ仯Ϊޣɢأٴܶʼ
Զýѡ
С
Ϊ֮ЩԼӡԼӴļȫչҡ
Ӵˣֻ֮ʣΨһҡ

УǹתͶ֮ǰʵԪʼµʮ֮һȺˡ
ˣĴȺ˿еġ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱͱŮչǰģΪ˶ׯĵĹ
ճôԷʲôãʲôر⣬ɾʹ֮󣬾ˡ
ʵһ޿ӡ
ճԼ˵չ鼺ͶӰҲ׳Ƶƽ֮еԼǧ֮УǧλŮ
Լǿռݾλ϶ҲᱻȾܻܿԼŮˡ
ʿ֪ΪŮˣ϶ĳһ֮УŮɾʹޣŮ˵Ϊ
İȺ˵ļҲΪ
Ӱ̨ճԽԽǿ
ڲ磬¡¡ԽԽǹ󣬳ˮһˡ
ֻϤİļһһλΪУճԽԽ⡣
壬ڲΪ֪£һ׳š
һΣûԪ֮֡
ڲǵĹâǿգΪ硣
һ޴ںڰ֮С
Ӱֳ־޽ڰۣƣ׵磬ơ
޾Ļһ֮С
һһǧǹɹתΪǺӡ
磬磬ȼԪΪһ塣
ȫͳһȥգٴǬǳ֮·Ψһ֤֮;
һӰ֮д̨
ճ֪ĳλܣҲ߳·
ϧǣʯͷӣ֮ʱȻģˡ
Ĺ⻯ɽأѪҺΪԪɢһԪޱɷ
ðɣ̹š
ӻ֮д磬ҲǴ˷
֪鵽ʲôͷȻ¼˲õĶ
ҲճԪţӶѾת޷ŵԭڡ
֣ԼĹһ·޳ȥԪôվѹơ
ǰ޴ӳѡ
ĳɾֻͣܿڴ޽۷塣
ǰ·ηճôܵˣƲóѵĽ֡
ֻдⷽأӲлÿܣ·
ſɳ磬ƿء
ҪﵽĿģʲôɺͨûõģ򵥵һַϣ
ʲôΨԴơ
ûֹġ
ƲˣֻΪǿ
ÿһճͻὫ֮ںĴȫͳһ塣
ǧǧһ𣬻Ϊٰ֮ͳϡ
ͷ֣ԼԽԽǿᣬҲԽԽǸ
翴ıȫûʲôı䡣
ֻѩŮΪ̫ĲԼʦϢԽĪ⡣
ʱպգʱҹ٣Ϣ˲Ϣǧ䣬Ȼľ

ճʵϢǣûֹ
һ·ƹأҲ糤һ㱻֮УΪн
û֪ɻʲô壬ԭĹȴһֱݡ
ȡһУҲַѡ
ճʦͽʮ֮ңԶԶȥǱִԽԽҡ
ȵٴһǰѰŮ̫źϴү֮ìѾʰĵز
ɮĽúѣ˽һ߶߶İ¡
ɳɮҲҿףʦôô
ͷŲݣŴ֪ϦϦ
ɮأĿһڵķԼǰ׶ͽܻʹ۷ŪԼǿ벻̡
ŭɶ֮£ҪѺӸߡ
ٲҪͽ׷档
˵Ҳ֣մʱҲ֪ǲǱ񣬻ǱŰĴˣȻ᲻뿪ధŹ
ɮǧҪԼ޵ǸģžѪ
㵱ڷɽǶ֮ʱҪɽûİ
ֻ˵氮



1934 ͼذ֣ϣ
кûκα仯ΪԲбɮһͷڻ޷ܡʧԶߡ
ǣȡг̻ͣ͵״
˽һЦֻǴŽͣͥͳ˧Ը߲ǵָƣȱһӣͻȫ̱
ֻǵ̬ı仯
ʵϣµһҲûɮֱץȥˣأʵǿᣬл۹֣Ⱥɫֲб
ǣճ֮УͿˣ˹شȴϵõģΪͥʮ֮һĿľǣҲһݵλɡ
ڻɽ칬֮ʱΧһԱɽȻҡһ䣬·ϵķ
־ƣճҼҵһ㣬ȫֵùġ
ողе·ʱĹͥԼɽ£Ȼһնɱ˵
ڵ뷨Ͳһˡ
֣벻ʵϣɮӦõõ˷ݶһҲٲȥ
ȻԶߣ˽ɳɮֵֻܷһˮˮ£ͥɽô˹ؽѣֵܷһʲƵ롣
Ļǻæʲô
ճɮ޺ű׽ȥҪƸԸĨĺ޲ûаҪֵ˼
үطʦҪԵˣ治𣿡
ѩŮЩǣʼգճʲô
ùܣɮ֣µġ
ճ䣬ͼɳɮײľȻҵ˲¶۹ֵɽڡ
һµĴ֮ЩҲϢ˳ɮͷ׼ȵڶ
ϣϱԭΪİٻߣ̹طʦ˽԰ˡ
˵ҪʥɮŸԼҸǰԼຣ
һĻĻٵĴϷѩŮֱ񫡣
۾ðǵĿԼʦˣүֱ¶ˡ˵һصƾһ֣ܳͨƽ𣿡
ܡ
վҪźӻ˹ؽѵĹؼ㲢·ʦͽͬģֵͷ
˼
˵ź˼ճ·ǰ
ɽҰģдǷ˼
׼ѩŮú飬һ·ʳ
ڻǾͲˡ
һĻۣԪĽһۣճΪһ޽ڣ޽ɺڡ
ϢԽԡ
ѩŮʱ򶼾Լʦƺˡ
һִǸ̫ߴӰҪ磬ȥ
ָоݣǰȴоߵĲʵ壬һõӰ
֣үǲѾˣ
ѩŮȻĵӣĴޱȣһ㶼ܲҿܿġʱգ
ճҲǴΪ͡
ɾ磬֮һҪķˮ룬һɣԳΪɣߵﶼܻñ˵ء
塢ɵˣҲ̫׽ǣţħˡ
綦Ĵ
ȻҪٽһɾʹޣǿĻԵˣѩŮû㳤ԶճҲû
ɾ磬칬֮УֵҲֻѩŮһϣ
ʥˣԪسˣ裬ûлġ
𣿡ճ佱ѩŮЦ绨һ
Ϊûʲô֮飬ֻԼʦоȻʥһȴǿϲɺء
С֮ʱļ֮Уʦ𾭹˳ִһ䣬˵飬Ҳĸݡ
ÿһޱҵڷܿи
˵ĸıʵһ֮䡣
ԼĽΪܿ죬ƹش˶Ҳᱻս
սͣɱгʮҫۣҲᱻʦԼ١
ԣг޳
һһģ仯ĪⰡ
ѩŮҸģ󵱳СŮһôȥˣһֱŴ飬ֵĿģһá
ʱؽƷʳһ㣬Цʮ㡣
ճȴûɡ
֣ԼΪһַ˲õĶ
һʱʱ̵̿Լ
ǰûзֵġ
ƺңԶطһԲԶһƽͨĺϡ
ɮ
Ϊʲôɮϣһᵽһļµĸо
統δϰɼҹֻ֮ʱľףٴγˡ
ָоܾδ飬ճʱҲΪԼʵ֮ΣӦѾҲûС
ΪԼĶֿ֣ԲڵĴڣй©һ⣬ôᱻ˲أ
Ʋиݵģڴ˷֮Уճû˵й˭˿ǰ˺ͷչ
ǵڷɽǶʦֻһš
ı£죬˶ѡ
ճȡѧ洫󷨣飬ʦûе֣ºҲƲ֤˷һŵġ



1935 ͼذ֣£
ݵԶţЩժ£ʹرٵĴǣҲ浶ʵǹĶƴţһƶʮԭʼ
һЩվʳ˵Ĵߣ˵ĴˣҲ֪ԼŬ᲻źܺõĽ
Ǵ֣ȻȥܶȻ᲻⡣
ճͿԿóڴ˷֮Уû˭ȫĴ⡭
νʥ˲ʵĳ˳ȥǻ֮С
Щʥ֮УѾ̩ȡóѣʵϣǸѲˡ
٣һ֤
Ϲһս֮УûгʥĳЩħ񣬲ôʥˣʥȻ̸ϣܹ˵ǡ
ճ֮У磬һ磬һӰһС˵
ǵӰС˵еһĻĻɸĹ¡
޽ɣǿڵӰС˵֮ڣûӰС˵ĹǣҲ֪Ӱ쵽ӰС˵
߱д߱Ψһǡ
ճߣ統Ӱŵʵôһ죬ӰС˵ƣ߻ߵݣѱ磬ﵽһΡ
ճԭƲ֮УʥˣӦѾѳ˵Ӱվ˹ڵλá
ʵϣˡ
ӰеĽɫͲ˺Ϊߵʥˣǵ޷ơ
νȻ߱ˡ
ⷽʵѾˡ
̹ſٵأ֮ͲڣȡȨƿת
ʥУĳЩȨ
Ҳ˵ǹͬΪǹеˣоŹµķչ
磬ûߡʥҲδȫѡ
ôƶճЩ֤ʬ֤֤
νʬ֤֤ȫԱĹΪУΪһ֡
𣬼糤棬Զڡ
Ѿﵽϵľ磬ûܹʥ˱Ľλ
仰˵ʥ֮½Ϊϣԭˡ
ΪѹһͷΪȨĴڡ
ͨҪǲò
һ֮䣬Ҳڻ¡
ΪȨ
֤أ·Ӿȫһˡ
һ֮·
Ҳһĳ֮·
ֱӴӵӰ֮Уӫ˺鱾߽
ΪߣҲΪڣ߳ӰԺһ硣
Ծ޴Ĥ֮⡣
ô֮⣬ʲô
ǻô
˵һ˭Ҳ֪Ļ
һƬޡ
ճ
ǣҪԿ
Դ֮һֵ֮ͷ֣Щһˡ
еɳԴȡ˻ָ֮⣬Դʵǲ֪ĻɫϢ
ǻɵ֪Դճʱֻܵôһ㡣ôһ㣬ױȵ
λ˵Ԫݵˮ紴ͰܡճЯŻɵһ˿֮£Ȯһ㣬ɻ
ĸĹûƢŻŵӳǧҲճǰ֡
սֱճ֪
ԣ
ڱֹ֮ʶ򲻵УԲŻԶԶܿ
УֻɫϢӦó֮Уǳһ
пڱ֮⡭ô鲢һάȵķ
ճִܹ˼ϴά֪ٵƲ⣬оҲȽǡҲʵ
ֻ˵治һ
еĲ붼ֻǲ롣
Ӱеˣô£ô룬ҲóӰ֮ʵ硣

ʮط˪ɽ·ˮţһ·ħҹޣ޾ա
һ죬һڡ
˴鹬ڣչ̸ͥ洫
ࡣ
֥ɹ㣬顣
Ĵо֮֮𡭡
ɮԸĿϾӣ̾Ϣѣֱɽʤȷͥ硣
ճʱѾЩƲסͬһӰһƮ
ʵԽԽǿһֳ嶯ʱʱģܸоԼϣ޲˺ѣѡ
ͷԽԽԣ֪޳ľͽѩŮߣʱѾ˴ơ
ճ֪ʱԼɽ칬108ɵԼʥѩŮԪˣһֱڵš
ԶĬĬš
ΪǽĸӦճϢˡ
ѾҪ硭
ճоԼΰأʱܱ
ȼգԪһ
ʱѾԳһ磬˷롣
ǿпڲǿֻԼһһ̧֮䣬Ҫɽȵݡ
һ㣬ƺڴ˷磬ƺڱ˷硣
˾ۼ֣֮Լǵ͹֮ͨ·õĺô
Ϲ峯ʥͥӦ
ͥɢķ˱Ҫعȴ͵컻֮˽Խ
ΪһҲΪһ˿Ե
һûܹе
˱ȡֱعأѳȥ
ǣһգ޷ħֻ֣Ұޡ
ֺʮֿ¡
ʥ˽˵ı⣬ǲֽ֡

֮У̨ڷַλ
ȫͣжɽʢᣬ컨׹գ쳹
ʥɮһ·ͣȡ澭йְΪ̴·𡭡
һԵɮϴŹâȥ̥
ɫɽ֮΢΢һЦͷ
ɮüĳһɫȣִֵʥ֮⣬ͻȻڣͬлնħй£Ϊ
⣬ɽ޺ͬһ㣬ӷ𣡡
ƬɽɺճһоƬ֮гһֻ޴۾Լ
һͱԭأһŹƵӣ纣һĲˣǣţҪ֡
֪ʱɮѾߣˮһָץ
ճϹâһץͬӦ˾Ҫ롣
½һ͵˰֮Уһѹ£㸲
ճһ⣬ͷϽͷ׳ɮˣзţ˹
λһ壬ˣϴͬ΢Цкűͬʱ׽ѹȡˡ



1936 ֮ϣϣ
ʬ³ɵ
ȻǷȻ˫౦ԾλżȻ
૾̾ңԶߴ
á
ֹһ֤޻Եؽĩͨ
޵ɳɣͥȨڣ˥䡣ֻأ鳯ĺ
ܻƮµըĺ˻ġ
һӶϱλƿռ䣬ɽƹ⻪죬ըƣۼþҪͻ
֪նȴʬ壬ֻȹܳɾ֮µλʥˡ
һ£ִ٣ɶˣЩĴǣȫض֮д˳
۵ľ֮ͥУӰȻ죬Ϣƴ
һͷڣŻۣʴۣ˷ϼɭ䣬ȴĸ
˶͹ǵķͨʱļչ¶ǿҡΣľ
ʮӰһ֮䣬ͿԽʮ룬صĿռ䣬Ҫ̤ɽ
ϧԹ֮ˣȫѾ֣ɽӪأ֮ܣױȡ
ͨ˴˷ʱգ˼Ҳܶʱ֮ͻƵˡ

ɫâ֮г룬֮졣
֮Уձѿ鱼ߺСѾͷ۾ﺱĳһ˿
ãڳ籾Դֹ
СѣճҲ֪һʲôˡ
ڷ֮Уһμ֮ʱǾһоƬ磬оƬССʵϣĴһСࡣ
ճڸɳ籾ԴˣΪߵͬʱҲһ޸ɳ
ɽ֮УѾͷǣ̤޸Ŀ쳵
ֱ˷磬ɴ½չ磬飬Ҳճɵĸ
Ӵ֮籾ԴԴԴٲҪ֮гȡԴҲɻóɳ
ֻҪʱ㣬ţƾĳɳãã֮лȡԴԴﵽ˼ĵز
ǣ治ɽ¶ˮıһУŰԭε
ϾճԪδһδȡںϡ
һ壬϶ֶֺ֣ϣֻ֮£׵õ̤һΡ
ճĵ·ʮҲóɹȴȻٸ㹻ʱ䡣
κһܴߣǿӦĶ֡
ճҪõ˷ľˣ̤һȹؿ
ȻҲǴͬһ⡣
˲֪£Ѿ꣬ƣΪ˽մʱ
ճ˵һս
ʾѪҺţСǿѹ֮£ը˷
ӳ֮£ճԺһ˿
ʱɣƽ粻ƷΨһԵʵӭѶϣ֤
һ֤ã

ɮЦЦʥ֮У֮⡣
ָץգҪճһ
λʥɮûһ·Ӻƽ̬֮ɢŨŨ
ִ
һִһħ
ճɮõʲôǷŸ֮һֻؼ
Ϲ£ƿֻأһɾ
ճֻҪһס֮Уͻֻأĥ磬꽥Ϊհס
һпʮּ򵥣ʵֱָ˷Եֵ
Ȼֻɮһ֣ճҲǲôġ
ľתѾתɵıԵٲĥֻӡϣҲֻԼԺһСʱ䣬𲻵̫á
ͨˣǿȫԵġ
󣬿ľ˭ǿ˭ܿ
ճƾǿԪܹ꣬ס
ǣʱģִֻɮһˡ
ȹִֻָݵģ̨

ʮƷŽ⣬һ˲䣬ǳʮɰɣΪ磬һƴӰѹ䣬ɽ硣
ճֻоԼһ΢Ҫ̨ռ֮ȥ
ɳ磬ҫŵǹ⣬ѭ
ֻҪУҲýѣᱻԶѹôǿ޷Ǿǰ⣬׸
ճһ֪һУʵԷ֮Ϊǧ磬ѵУԶ
ǣ춥鱦ʮƷΪУǿһ
һУȷ׶ѵС
˵ˣԶңңۺĸˣʱҲɫ΢΢԰ס
ôֱʣͺͷֶΣ㶼ͬСɡ
һ汦˸⣬ϢٴУԭؾֹλ˼𣬼ϧ
ǲ֮У˵ɳΪѣƴ𣬻ָȶ
ǣʱѾˡ
ĸҧܲĵнλһӣɽѿһϸ΢ӣ֣ѷ֮
Ųʹ⻯ΪƳƵٶȻþˡ
ʵЩͻȻϵĸˣȫˡɱУִĹֻӡҲǽ̨ӡλͷ粨ˣ׳ɮˡ
ϴЦֵٶҲ죬ӡǰȴǲ׺ɣʱݣܿռ֮ڣ㻯Сݲ졭
ʱ
ʱ䡢ռ䡢ֻأλһ壬໥Ӧͣճϵ˲ֹͣĲϳ룬ɽ֮ϻõһƬ
һƬǣԼԼɹ䣬๬
Ǻǳ󣬴мϹͥ



1937 ֮ϣ£
ˡ
ɮһӡճϣϽɫţֳλΣַޣŮŮ״
ճһЩãһɸ£һֱͣǺƣһƴĻɫ֡
ҲһҰĴӰ磬ִ޸
ֻӡУʧأߣ̹СӣСӾȻҪ֤һҪɹˡ
һƬ̾ĸзҲͬʱͣſڽĿһĻ
ԶԶҲԡ
ǰΪСԴСŪλһԸһ
û뵽ԷȻҲһصľ֣Լʧ˵﷭Ѱ·
̹Ĵ˵ϹŴڵĴ޽ɺͽɣûһ
ʮħ׾ƾַţرѡ
ɽĵҲǹһˣ࡭һͷͰؼײɷ˯𶼻ͷ亹
վʤһ
뵽һŹԲΪʥֻһС룬ֻҪǺˣһв죬ʹ
֮ʥ֮½ԳϣʱԷֻ̹֤а벽Ҳᱻһƴ𣬳Ϊ̳
Ϲ֮ս֤һ㣬ʥ־ӳֵ֣֮ܵܿܿܵ
ʥ˵ҲͿɵĹ档
Ҳȥɽˣ֪ʱٶҲùֻɫҰܵĿʩչֶΣ֤ʥ֤λһ콾䡣
ֻӡճǾ޴̹ãճҲֳԼƽ
֮е¡С顢СèӵˣЦ֮ɺӯӯԼǿɰһ˫ŮԼơ˵ٻŮɽ֮УЩ׵ĿɰģԸˡ
һһһͷ֡
֣
ճɫʱ̹ǣʱ񣬲֪ʱоͳһ⡣
ˮת߲ʹâеһ⣬ƽӹյ˫ĿȻ
ͬʱ̨һƴͷϣϽɫǧɣ޴ͷ­ѿƣѪٵ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬һƣӡֻлٿݣ׺ɣ
ճɫÿήƤʯƣһɿ˥Ϣ֣֮ͬ򣬲ɫ纣Ӱ㣬һɲǼͱȫ롣
Цء
ȫ֣ϹźǳΣ̨ſ죬һžĺ̬֮Ҫһ¡
Һʹ
ͻȻ䣬һֱ·羲İڣ߼ʮɵӰˣһ
طƱɫϵ꣬Ӳ֪ڳɽ֮С
ճ΢΢һܱȦ
ǧǧβƺɨȥʮɳ̵Ľⱻбб
̽ľ޺Ҳͬһʱ˸ͷ
ٵأôܣ
ɽ֮һ˿ǣˡ޺뾪
ԶУ칬ǧͬʱ
ѩŮʥˮ
˫ճૣȴ쳹ء
Σѹ֮£ճԪںϣ磬СҲΪһ壬޷⣬ΨΨҡ
ŹâΪһ޽ѹ죬硣
һն쳾
һƣ
һأ
ճһڽԻ֮䣬ϣϣϡ
ڽ֮У黶ţִţԳѵĿԹľ
ƺ˳ȥƺδ
ɽͻȻͬڰӰһ㣬ڽ֮ɢϸ΢ù㡣
̨ɮ»ͬһʱͳǧǧѺۣըĿһ
ڳɹһ̡
ͬһʱ䣬ɽΪ۳
вɫɫˣ󺣵һ㣬ֱճ֮УǾ߷ԽԽԽԽǿֱء
أ
ءδ䣬մؾƿһ޴ӡ
䡭
У类նһѪۣɫ֣֮磬ʮŵأȫ

Ȼ
ˣɽΪ綼նˣѪ
֤֤ڣܹλʥ˶Ҵˡ
ն磬֤硣
ճԽԽÿһ˿ĵСΧ𵴣С
̹ŵ磬ȻѾԳճѷ壬ɲ¡
Щ˴˷һۣ˲ӹ죬Ҫһ̤Ĥֱ磬ͻȻͣһ¡
ճѣܲܶһˣЩҰˣҵˣҪֿһ߰ɡ
ȻҲֻһ˿룬˾ܾ
ڵĵ磬˶̧ͷ졭ճһֻ֣Ϊ⣬ֻ΢΢һ𣬾ͷ֮гֺգְ£󶼱ˡ
վ򺣺Ų̨֮ϣվˣһֻСè
üһȻǵҲץˣһطСè˵ճҲץߣȻͼˡ
ճĽ֮£Ǹʲô

ţЦ磬磬硢ɽٻŮ˵ڵİ磬Ҳһץߣͬںץһ顣
ץЩԼפܶ磬ճ£һͰѵ֮е˼Ҳ£У뵽Լٳޱç֮С
ԺأųѻԵ˶кô
ճ绯Ϊһ壬ǴһжĶ䡣ЩվźܺõĽ֣Զӣپ쳾ຣ
һ˿ƿأճųŹ飬ǧҫɣԼ硣
ҵĵ̣
ճЦ˵֧֮£ﵽ㣬ٴɻ
һʱճӣĤֱ֮ء

۴һƬɵĳڽĤ֮⣬ʮˣŸɫķﴫ޴˻
ճתһƣͼһɫΰһʿ۲ɣƣ
ֳһƬɢǧ⣬ڹ
λòĵʿ
˼ɫıĵϯɱžɨˮӿ
һŮźɫ콵
ɫɮˣ־ͳ߲ʱ⡣
ŻͷʹڵĴ󺺣ֱֳ³ɱ
ϣˡָܶʼ
ǵĶֲǱģһͷ꣬ӴñǺһľޡ
ǾֻһβܾǹϸС
ԭЩʥǣȡ籾ԴˣڶԸޣʲôб԰ɡ
ѹ֣һֱɢʧûгѵĻˣһסܾܿͻᱻ޹У
֤оˡһ֮
ɫϵɢһƬףͻȻ⻶˵
ơ˽ϲ
ճͻȻණ΢΢һЦû뵽֮⣬֮лΣգ硣
Ļ֮УճӦǶǵ̹޼ãã֮УŸΣպ;ޡ
ϧǣЩʥֻǰ벽뱾磬ͬʱ𣬲뱣С
ճȴ֤
˲һԳߡ
ҲѹЩҲ
Ͼҵļ磬սҲһճЦ
нһչͬ羪죬ﷶΧͬʱһ£ǻһҺֳƬΪɻҡ
ˡ
ʥĿɿڴ
ȻСճҲĿɿڴ
սһأúԼ֤֮ʵ
ճ飬ͣʥĿ֮£ͷ˿е飬ڷԼʥȫͬθͲһ
紫мɫˣ绶ĺһ˵ϡ
ճоԼֱԲһЩƺĳЩǷ
ͻȻ飬ңͷĳһС㣬һ
ǰӰá

û˻磬ûʥˣûоޡ
һһСңһ۵СŮԵֵŻľʹԼģ
ӫһŮ˲ͷſڵԼ֮ϣǻˮƺǻȥˣƺ˯ˡ
ʮָڿո棬Ļһ֣ͣһȴǣճ磬λʥ˵ĸм֮£ӱ̹磬ңԶĻȥŲõ̻
ճ֫٣ɫʮ־ʡ
꣬οŮ˵֣㿪ؼͿĿ¼֮˫1937£֮ϡ
ҾȻǱС˵еӹ̤˳ճ𾪡
ͻȻоԼ½΢ͷһͼеСŮѾܵԼԣͷĴ۾ʵ壬˭

ȫգ
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