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ݼ飺
ԽðйŴΪ˵һС̫ࡣ
̫ϵͳĿ꣺ư˵ָ۷磬ӭȢδŮʡ
ű䷢ξܹԤ֪֮£㿪ֻ
ξѧϰʱʮ򿪷ʮ
ӴˣҪ޵ˣ


1 ̫ϵͳ
Ԫ23֮꣬սç³ʮս򺺾
˫սûڵأȻ콵ʯ꣬ͬĩա
һɲǣͷ·ͬλ򽻻㣬ʯӿ˵
ʱʷ˷ֲ棬һĵ򣬾ĵѭԭʷ켣
һǲĵ򣬱ӵһЩɫʵĵʷ׸д
ǵĹ£ͷ̫ʮйһΪķ⽨۹һضɵлء

̫ϵͳ
ű
ݣԽǰִ򻨻ӣԽ󣬴˵С̫
ֵ5
ʣ6
ݶȣ5
30
ֵ0100ɻָˣ
ѫֵ0100ɳΪ˵䣩
ռĿ1ָ۷磬ӭȢ۹δŮ
ռĿ2ư˵Ϊ󶼶˵һ
ռĿ3ȡ۹ȨΪ۹һ

ԽһԾ
ʧܳͷ
δ֪
Ծ


2 Խ
Ķű䱻һںˡ
˸һҸȫˣ˵ѧԺҵٷְٰ䣬ãߡ
Ĺֻģֻ䣬Ψ˵ȫš
˵Ǵģʵ۱µ󳤳ǡ
ű֮ͷʹѣоԼԾΣΪԼȻһȫİֵ硣
ħĳŵһйأһȺŮȵ࣬ȻҷǸ̴Ůܽ뷿䣬һֱ֮˯ȥ²ʡ
֮󣬾ͳˣʲôط
Χһжôİ·һΡߵӣ͵ƣôءɫ㡣
ٿԼϵ·Ҳͬô棬ʽҲˣؼǰһ֣
Ŀںţʲôʲô˵ѧԺ
ʲôʱ̫ôˣȻԳΪ˵ˣԼǴģרſһѧԺʷκ͵ʱ˵ҲûôŰɡ
ѵԼԽˣ
ܵģԽYYС˵Żֵ飬ôֵԼϡ
ѵ˺ԼЦ龰ݣֻϷʲôط
ѵԼǸŮϰɷˣ԰Լؽνĥ̬ĹŴɫݣ뵽ű䲻ְҵڻɫش֪಻Ϊ֪ĺڰܡ
ıĻǽӾǲ
Ϊ֤һ㣬űյǰץסηϽſڵǸֺõ磬磬鷳ϰ壬Һˣʲô֪Һʲôûз
Ǹתͷ˵˵ûˣ
ű䰧鷳ȥͨϰ壬Ҽһ棬Ұ˵ȥ֮һǸô
ȥǸŭ⣬Ȼ͵һơ
飡һֱӽűɳȥף󱳺ݺײڵεļӲǽϣȻˤڵϣðǣֱӻʹȥ
֮ǰű伸εѡ
ȷһ飬ĴԽˣΪڵĵûţƵ书

һѾڣִһںš
˵Ϊ٣˵Ϊ١
ֻһңǾǻʹֻһ죬Ǿǻʵ۱¡
ϹᣬѣΪ¾ңΪı
ԽˣԼȻԽˣ
ѾʹһΣű仹ǾޱȵĻԽʵϾڻо񻺳ʮСʱ
ҴԽԶű˵Ҳδȫһ£ϾǸǣ޹ҵġ
űڹ¶Ժȫ֪Լĸĸ˭
̸ߣСһѧԣȴǳƱ䡣Сʱϲѧѧϲѧȴѧѡĳƴѧѧϵ
ѧϵҵζʧҵţƵģõУоҵΪһѧʦ׼ʿѧλδʮΪѧϵڡ
ŮѧϵεŮҲͬһѧϵʦȻ޷󸻴󣬵ĻҲӦҸʵġ
űһƯԸˣթִŮ˺ɱױͬŮʸִŵ׷
ŮѺܺãƯвŻھ黹µʱ򣬶űڵвʸеջˣҶԷǾưһŮ
ŮһӵоԸŮʱ춼ˣֱѡ̰ҩɱȻӺͱȥҽԺϴθûκΣա
֮󣬶ű뿪˴ѧλʼ׷Լѧϵ治ҵƯ֪ʶԨܹѧ߸̸ۣܹ̫úȾƴƨѧߣʵååʵѧߡ
ĲŻȻ˷ѣϳô˧ԶűΪĳͼŵƹأսȻÿһεõ
ڣħ˴ӣʱܳÿ춼Ȩ֮䡣ɫȮÿ۾ĵһ¾ǣߵŮ˭
úˣǲҸܿ顣
ԣűǣ޹ҵģԽһ磬иӳʵ̼
űҰοԽҲãٲڵһججҲҲҲĿꡣ
ţȻ뵽һǳҪ飡
⡭˵ѧԺǲ˶̫డ
Ͻһ£Ȼ󳤳һ
ããӻڣ
ǽţű䱳亹һİ
Ϊ֣Լǻڣǡˣ
ֻ̫ѵģ
죬쵰үҲҪҴԽ࣬ǵ꿡ҲǿԵİһĪʮӶʮȻ󲻶ϴжˬ
㣬ҴԽΪһ̫࣬⡭ʲô˼
ûָûδˣ
ʲô죡Ҫ·ˣһϣʵܲ˵Ļ˶ϰɣҲø˵ˣǸ
ʱűŷǸҲǼġȻÿһ˶˵̫࣡
үǳͷŮ̫࣬ҳΪһ̫Ҳ̫˰ɣűʣγϡȻÿϴӲͬŮѹǺܿ飬ҲǽĿ鰡İ
ûŮ˵ӣô
ǣŶűϲط֣Լûб˸˿ڣտҲûеѡ
ֽغԼԽ˲ûеڸû½ѡҽѧ֪غĴڣΪˣԱ˵ѧԺ
ʱűֳϣˡ
δɺãֻҪһĿԼܹΪˣֵԼȥƴĲ
󱯴ϲ֮£űϴ죬̾ϢһҲܷһδģ
ʱĵûδˣΪҪˣ
űʲôʲô飿ΪλᱻؽΣΪλ
ű䣬ʲôԼѵװûõģ˭ҲȲˡ
ԽˣҲжű䡣
Цű԰ˣȻȥŮӡһǴϼǧС㣬Ҳֵˡ
ŮӣȥһǧС㣿
Ķű԰ķϰҳΪ̫˻ȥ飬־ᰡ
ֻⱾҲ̫ˣûа˼˹֣ԼΣҪŪǰҸˡ
ԽΪ̫ѾܲˣҵҪŪԽʱ䲻죿绹бߵ
ű俪ʼػ䣬Խϣʲô飿
ʱһž޴Ϣʱӿģԭ˵ļ䡣
Щ֮󣬶űֻһ֡
ԩ


3 乷쳤ؾ
ʱűȫŪԼĴ
ʱȥ1600ˣͳйǴѾٶˡ
ԭжܣҲǳھһż塣Ϊˣעܼ̳мѪڼеλ£ĸҲ
ʮʱ˵ܱ˳ȥ嶼˳Цһ˵ϼҪһ˵ˡ
ܹܵĸͼˣ˴ӱľǴϱߵĹ
˽ŵĵһ֮أ״˼˲ã͵͵ݲΪű͵ʡ˵ѧԺ
ȻеĶϼƣӶܵزζӴ˶˾Ǵϳʧˡ
Ǻżĵӣļ̳ȨǸò׵δޣǸĵܵܣΪһмҲܹ
ʱű渡ǰǸδ޵κףɵð촽ϧˣ޷΢΢һӲʾ𾴣˾Ȼ˵
ܹôңұѹټˡ
˵ѧԺ֮ڣűҲȫһСܡѧԺĵʦ𣬱ͬѧѧԺڵūҲ˭۸˭ܲš
ؼĳɼ֮
˵ѧԺƵģѧ֮бҵ󿼣Ȼݳɼз乤
ĿƳɼõȥ֣֯˾Ƴɼõȥפ˾ɼǳõģǹϲֱӽ붫ȨѬֱӴ𣬴Ӵ˺绽۷塣
˾Ǵء
Ϊ˵գ˾ڸھųֱӶԻʵ۸ȻֻжһҲڻʵ۵
ĶǺĶһĶľӢͣơһٶǰ˵Ȼҽ˵ѧԺ֮˲ԴԴ
һǧǰ򽻻㣬ֵ֮𣬴ضɣǻѹҪߡ
ĶȨҪöࡣҪٹ٣ҪѹƼɣҪʯؿķǳ׺ͿɣȨѬ졣
ֻҪ붫֤һȺ˰Ů͵ǰÿһ̫඼檵ģȻ浶ʵǹ§˯Ҳ񫰡Ӯҡ
ţƣѡҲȻǳϸÿһ˵ѧԺֻд󿼳ɼǰʮĳӢſԽ붫
ű䣬ûϣġ
λűĳɼʲô̶ȣһմ󿼣ٷ֣40ֱ֣˵ĳ衣
Ȼôõĳɼҵ֮Ҳܹ乤ģͳͳȥ̫࣬ɨأˮʺ֮ĹһӶͷ
ȻڶűʺĹˣҪˣΪһĻ¡
ǰűͬһԶȺµεȻһֻ岶ӣһˣ̳ȡȻʱûдߣǴҴȥʯ໹һЩҩ½ɭҪӽӶϵȹǡ
мϼĶСںһ˽ͨ
ϼʡŵĺ壬ƣΪ߲߰ˣʿͱڤ
ϵĶСʡǵĲŮò绨£ǱڤɵĽܳŮӣ˫ȫĴˣ࣬˵ˡ
ؼѾлˣδھϣϺ֣ɻ֮󽫽УδΪ۹Ķ֮ģŮֱһԡ
ϼĶС㣬Ȼֺͱ˽ͨű俴ʱϾʣһСˣǰ׻ѩöűС٣޷
ű価ûз׺أǧڱڤɵʦ֣һܸߵĽʿ̷˶űĴڡ
ʱűôˣֻ۾һǸֱֵǰΡ֮űѹǸСϣС󺰾һ̫ǧСĳ档
ʵúʱҪֱӽűɱڵġʱˣϵļūδļʿѾˣǧʱ䶼ûˣֻôһűҩǧĳ棬Ǹ˾Ӣۡ
űͱϼļū̹ٴ˵ѧԺʿɱķűӵ˻ͱŪˡ
ȻˣĶűû֧ż죬Ǿ֮¼Ʋ˵棬һĶűԽˡ
Ǵϼϼ⼸춼˵ѧԺű䣬ѾɳΧѧԺ
ԭΪӣ˵ѧԺǲύűġϱڤȻƴ󣬵˵Ҳ㣬űǸҲ˵ķС
ȻҲڣϼĶҳɹɱһѪ·Ϊ֪
ȻֻһҪԿܻҪʡݵ֣֯˾˾Ȼ¹ٻҪݸֺ֧ϣűһ˵ѧԺѡЭű䡣
űһζǧлģҵǱ˵Ǵ¼
ȻҳΪ֪һ£Զűǲ֪ģֻ֪Լˣ֮ء
̺󣬶űзߺ޵ˣԺһȼɱټɱ
̫˰Ȼԩһ̫ҸŮ˵ǲңԼѵûһ
ȻűʱֻŹѣȱסС˵ɡ
Ծȡ



4 ˵
˵űҲޣԭҲ̫ˣٷͿʮ֡ҪܿİٷֳΪһ֮ţ˵Ͳܷ㣬ԸΪӲա40ôģѡⶼCҲֹЩ
űʾ֭ԾȣСʱʶˣֻһ
о֮·һ·Ҳ
Ȼɵȥ࣬ƨûеġΪ˵ѧԺ֪֪ࣿűǱԩģϺϼҲ֪űǱԩģΪ˴õΪ˱ڤɵΪ˳ű
Ȼ׵ķҲûС
һ˵ѧԺɽ̸ߺɵңһطϡطǻҩǲ͵ʱ˵ˡ
ȻǼ䲻׵ġδܹɽˣ˼ҿɻιʡ򻧣˵Уܼġ
书ˮ׼ܸߣʲôҩͲط˼δؿأԶԶȲؼȲ϶ؿ
ڶűļָˣ˼ҰͲΪѾˡ
űƴ룬һһԴǽȻҪԴϣ벻ҪײǽԾ
ű䣬ҪײǽԾҾ鷳ˡ֮óһҩڻȻһƷ糯űϮ
һ㣬űǰһڣֱӻ˯ȥ
Ҳ裬ҲҪɱ˯֮ǰűޱȱߵ

ű䲻֪˯˶á
Ȼˣٶͷ·
۾εűһӣһʳУһľϺõ¹⣬ʮһıСġ
һðҪʮӣΪͷҲǳʢˣ˵ȻˣҪⷽ貹
Ƕűȫ޷¿갡ϾҪ˰治İ
ųԶͷ򣬶űʾ֭ҲһԾȵķӡ
ӵʱܿ͹ȥˡ
·ˡţ˵ʿһۼһδĶͷֵܣԲסˡ
Ȼ˵ʿǰһѽűߣȥ
űڳη̼۾ӵһֱѺ͵˵ѧԺ֮⣬Ҫϼʿ
һ·ϣ˵ѧԺѧԱվͣĿбĵģϧģзŭġ
˴һ·ڵ˵ѧԺĴŴվŴϼʿȫװ䣬Ŀ̣͵ŶűѺͳȥ̵ķŪ
űܿע⵽֮һŮӦһԷޣڵϰžƲˣڵűĿ˾۰һ˿
ʱ䣬űķ·ܵĳֳĳ
ˣԷӦǶűеˣŮӳüĿǶűС󡣵ʱǶŸƲ˵Ķű䣬ΨｫΪǶŸͱ˽ʮ꣬ڶŸλ£ʵ֣ԭ䲻ģΪԶűãԳΪɷ
űʱﳤʱʮͳΪ˹ѸŸĶүϲҪΪ檵ġֻҪԸԹϽʳȻΪչ˶űᣬ޸ʵΪλүĶӣ۸űֵӵܡ
ű˵Ϣ֮󣬶ŸҪ˼ҪøӺݾֶεģ约زζ֮ģҲƴظŸĴүͷȻͶүһЩףöűɷű͵˹˵ѧԺҷ޶Ҳ˹ͽչ˶ű䡣
Է˵űӣûаڶűҪˣҲûȥˣҲ׼֮ȥ
ִű޸ĸڴʱĶű˲ӿԺУʹûκϰͽˡ
űʹűֻһͷҲҲ
ڴʱһ𣺡ű䣬ܲпᡣ
ৣৣৡ
ʱ˵ѧԺڵʿѧԺȫ£ͷء
ȻĽŲӵϴȴ·С
һ¹ٻۣͷڣȻ룬ȴŭ
ֵʱ·𶼰Χٸû˷һҴ
Ǵ˵صף˵ѧԺɽ򻧣򳣡
ƽʱ̣űʸûУ˵׿ں˵ˡ
Ҳ޼ֵ򳻺˵Բסˣȥɡ
˻֣Ҫתȥٶֱж˶ű̡˵ʿǰֱҪűߡ
ڴʱȻ
Ⱥ֮͵һâһ㣬ֱӳĺȥ
һ֮󣬲žд̿͡
ʱѾֱɽĺ󱳡
۴̣ͷ硣
ȫ䣬˵ʿȥ
м֮վԭһƬְ̺γ͵תͬ޷·Ҫ˶ɡ
󵨴ϣѾű佻ǣȻдң浱˵𣿲ɱѪɺӣջؾͬҹһˣɱ˶ű䣬ͷ͵ȥȻǣսˣ
ǣһ˵ʿǰֱӻӵŶűն¡
ৡѪ֣űֻòһϳ١


űƴش󺰣Ƿ·һ㣬ȫֻƴȻ͵۾ѹ
ѹ֮ϽӣԼԴúõڼϡղŵһֻζѣǡҲ̫ˣ̫ˣű仹ΪԼնˣ¶亹͸ˡ
һűŻع
ղξʲô˼ѵֻ˼ҹΣ
ڴʱˣٶͷ·
ţεűһӣһʳСһľϺõ¹⣬ʮһıСġ
ű䲻ɵþˣдϲ
һԼһʹûʵС
ǣǰһĻ͸ղξе龰һģһ



5 Ծȣҳ޸
Բɺϣ
˵ĻһģһҲͰˣؼͷҲһģһڷŵλãɫ󶼺ξеһģһ
ζʲô
ζŶűε飿⡭һ˲ĽָѵΪԽߵĸ״ʦ¾ȻξָǰԤ֪һ֣
ϲ֮£űһƽԾȣ
ᷢʲô
ξݱ䣬ԼĳͷСʱ˵ʿԼѺȥϼʿѧԺĴſڣ˵ѧԺɽԼ˵仰Ȼɱ򳣬Ȼк󱳵򳱩ŭնɱ˶ű䣬Ȼϼ忪ս
űӷɿתܿóһۣɱ
ȣ书ߣִɱܵóѣٶȵļ䲻
ΣҪɱ򳣬ΪβöγʱѪĺɫҲûκжļż޶
ԣһɱֻԵݵĿƶѡĿĲΪ˾ȶű䣬Ϊűȫ⡣ĿΪΪ˵һӣҵһϵɡ
ΪȽű˵澡ʧԱôϼ帶ĴۣǻᱻΣ˵ֻҪһɣɱʮˣһ
ң˵ҲύĶű䣬ֱɱͷ͵ϼǰⲻ䣬һսĹߡ
ò˵úܾΪ˵棬ԥɱűҲˣԼҲݣֱ˼Լ
ô£űԾȣ
ʱű֮ûκοԽ׵ĳ룬ԷɱͬһֻϡΨһֵܹ̳ģֻкҳж򳡣
ԾȷֻһǾǵɱʱ򣬶űٶΪ򳵲ϧ䴩Լı۰һɽı׳Ϸ
ҶűɼãԵҳϣɽ˾ԵȰĽԸΪ֮
˵һ䣬жһΡ
ҲֻĿƣһĿƣû˻֪£ûκ˻ỳɶűһǻѪ
һűɹһϷ룬ǽܻܲǾҪ˸ˡ
Ҫô·һ˳ˮŪű䣬͵Ǳɱɱˡ
Ҫôű䲻ˣһɳ죬Ϊͷĸ
Ծȵİ취ΣգҲܾǶűѡ
죬ꡣ
űһǳðվˣϧȴ¾;ضԾȼƻȻͷſػ⾫ĶͷԴȡ
ƣ̻֮£ĲȺ׷Թˡһֻ˼ڣ΢˷ܣȴֲӰж

Ӻ·ˡ
Ȼ󣬵εű򿪣˵ʿ
ֵܣԲסˡ
˵ʿǰһѽűߡ
ηű۾ܴ̫
һ·ϣ˵ѧԺѧԱվͣĿбĵģϧģзŭġ
һУξеһģһ
ʮӺߵ˵ѧԺĴŴվŴϼʿȫװ䣬Ŀ̣Ҳξһ
űĿһŮϣɺξеһԼ̵ڵ۾Լ޵İ;
ϤĸоӿͷͬӼĸ׵УϾű塣
ҲģһТһӵġűа
Ҫű仹ҪͷɱؾǣǸĵļڽŵס
ű䣬ܲпᡣϤİڱ
ȫ£ҴΨĽŲ
ܹȶű˵ˣʡ˵ͷ򳣬˵ѧԺɽ򻧡
һУɺξһ
űʱ̾Ҫˣпʼǻܲһɳ죬Ϳʱˡ
Ҳ޼ֵ򳻺˵Բסˣȥɡ
˻֣Ҫתȥ˵ʿǰֱҪűߡ
ڴʱڴʱǸ̿͡ӦþҪˡ
űĿʼʱȻ飬ϵĺë͵
ಡȺеĴ̿ͣ͵
ɽСġű
ͬʱļž룬ķλ͵ȥΪ
˵ʱʱ죡
˲䡭
۴̡Ѫɽֱ䴩˶űؿڣĺȥ
Ȼ֮Ȼ
ű첻ʹ˾ͷ·һɾ޴У˶ǰȥȻѪӿ
֮﷢˾ѪȻ͵سŶűûгֱӻȥ
ͼƻвһԭҪü䴩۰ĶؿڣؿڲλǷβлϾ
̵ģòŪɳ׾ô˰ɣűо岻ϱǰһ󷢺ڡ
ۡ䴩˶ű֮ĺ󱳣һ硣
һд̿͡
ȫ䣬˵ʿȥ
͵תȴûͬξ̰μɼԼıϣ۾ЩŵŶű䣬Ư׺ǰѪ˿ڡ
ʱ򳣬Ƿǳ֮𺳡
ⳡɱȻΪԵݵģΪ˶ԴϼзɱԭƻűҪնԴΪսȥϼġ
Ȼû뵽űС̫ྐྵȻ֮ҳϣ֮ѪȻΪԼ
ҳϼֱ޷ݰһԸΪϻбߵҳ


6 Խһɵ
Ҹղ·ͻȻûκԥʱ䣬ҲûκͶʱ䣬ű⺢ӳȫʶģȫƾĵıܡ
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еĿ֮󣬰ٷ֮ʮĿȫ˲д𰸣ʣ°ٷ֮ʮĿ˼Ҳ˴𰸡
ű˱ɲϵش⣬ʱ䡣
һԾڶԾš
ڣԾȫˡű̧ͷһɳ©ɳӻʣ֮ġܹСʱĿʱ䣬űʮӲ
ʮеʱļ顣
״ʦҽű
״һ㵣Ŷűޱȵʧ֪εĿѣű˲ʱͷ˻ķŭζų֮ĵȫ
ǰֱùűľӵҸᣬˣԺͲҪҡ
Ļû˵ֶ꣬űľ鶼д˴𰸣ּǳ
һţڶţšܹԾȻȫˣҸӰһ飬·ȷʻǳ֮ߡ
״ЩŵŶűһۣȻ̻صԼǰóȷ𰸿ʼģʵЩĿԼûаٷ֮ٵİմԡ
һĶűԾ״ɫԽԽɵסˣ۾
ʱ󣬰״ϣҼһһ飬ΪͼҵűһȻȫȫҲ
Ľǡһٷ֣
һٷֵķ״˫ֶЩ۾һգգ
⡭̫ˣ̫˼ˣ״ȫԼ۾εۿôѣһ꼶ѧԺ߷Ҳ89ֶѰű侹Ȼõһٷ֡
ʵ״ԼҲòһٷ֣95ֶѡΪЩĿʵǷǳǳƫƧ˰
һ״κͷԾֿű䡣
ܣԲܡ״üű䣬ǲͨĳֲʵֶõʹ𰸣
òһ㣬ΪڿűɽĳֹϵȫŲҾɽΪˣǰҲ̫˼ˡ
ֻɲܽͶűΪܹõ˵һٷ֣ȫܵķ
űûܻر⣬ǵϻʱ䣬ﻹһЩõԾóһҿԡ
״ĬһȻ˳ȥ
һӺҴҵػˣһ⣬ǱԾȷǾԲй¶ġ
Σ״վڶű߿⡣
Ȼһģű佫ͷβԾҪһЩеĿһ۾͸˴𰸣ֱһοԸˬ찡
ˮһش⣬ûκͣ٣Ҳûκ˼
СʱԾȫϡ־ΥѧԸоʵ̫ˬˣű޲ôһԾٸף
ȫòˣ״ԾϵĴÿһȷģȱ׼𰸻Ҫ׼ȷһٷ֣µ֡
״Ĳţȥʱű䵽׾ʲôʱȫڻ۵ѧϰˣΪһ̵һˣ
ͬ˵ֻѧϰ죿Ǿ͡
ܵģԲܣҲܣ
磬һ꼶ѧԱһѧϰĵһΣϴ״ûжʱ˽¸㿪С㲻¶˵ĻҵĿá
൱ڸѧ»صСѧãޱȵĶˣűǲЩġ
ãһűȻ˯

ĵһΣϴ
˼ǴȫĽ͹üͣӵǿչԺͿԣӦǿҵ
һҹΣһűͳһ꼶װĴϣʮ˫Ŀ
ҪЩѧԱѧϰϴγ̡



11 ɵڴ
˵ѧԺһѧԱܹ࣬ʮң״Ǽװܹ࣬ʮѧԱÿһʮҡΪÿһѧԱҪȽɣͨѧ֮ܽ˵ѧԺ
űϾѾʮˣ˵ѧԺȼÿһ궼ӵŶű䣬֪ΪλǵİϣϾǸѧʦ֡
״˽һʱͼ˶ű䡣
ǰ˽жű䣬ͱҵˡȥΣҪԹǴһѧϰһΡûҪҵĴʦ»صһ꼶Ŀϣ˵ѧԺǵһΡ״ǿԵڣȻǸӿԽʧܺͳİδÿһǲŬͻΪʧƷҵֻ֮ܳΪʺۡ
⻰һȫȻЦЩʮűĿ˱ĺͳҺΣ˵ѧԺôʵ¶ǵġ
ҪǳΪķûģƤɱǽҪˡ
ű䣬Һ˵ˣΪ˵ѧԺ֮ܡ
˵Ϊɽˣͦ˲ġ
ͶȡɶѣûбɽŲﶼǷ
Щһ꼶ѧԱ˿ԼĶ࣬ÿһ仰̱
״Ҳֹűǰ㻨ʱѧϰͼһˣȷʵˡûʵսһĲֵľǽ̤ʵأҲںҰ϶һˣԲҪӰˣҿɲϣһʺһࡣ
űЩ죬ۿ֮󣬰״̬ıġȻָֻֿ̱䵭֪Ǻԭ
״ʼϿΡ
ϴĵһϰļͺȶԣʲôʱܹһһˣԽڶѧϰ״һϣֻǰʱ䡣
Ȼǳʼѭ򽥽
״ڳһ˫ֱֱʾʮȡ°£ƨգСȺʹȳʾԵľʮȡ
άƣ˿ͬһ㡣
۽ˮĴڰ״ֱʹϣ˿Ҫ˵ˮˮһûС
ȫѧԱ̾Ϊֹ¶ޱȾ̾Ŀ⣬Ǿ
ǿԵʱҪһһֱʹϵֻװһˮֻҪˮͨ״һʾһ߽⣬ֱֻˮһۼɼ
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һ£ʮųӣȫűǱųģһվڱϡ
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űĶƺȷģʵ̫ˣӺͻһӺȫʹ÷·Ҫɢһ㣬Ӻȫƾ־ڼ֡
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žžžž״ıӺݺݳڶűϣһľʹ
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ʱȫʮ궼ܼӣѾҡڷ÷ǳҲ׼ˣû̱ڵء
Ҳ˵һϣЩһ꼶ѧԱűǾԵĵһ
۵ĵһ
״ָŶűЦúÿǼҵĴʦ֣ᡣ˵ĳ裬ҪΪ䡣
ǣһ꼶ѧԺȵȻָŶűȻЦ
Ȼ󣬶ű䱻˿áʵ̫ˣԲȾЩһ꼶˵ѧԱԲһʺһࡣ
¿κ󣬰״ҵ˶ű䣬ҲˣҪ˷ҵʱ䡣ȥɽ״Ȱú۰ɡ
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ʱ󣬰״ȥ˵ѧԺĸɽ͢ҲĿɽ
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״ΪֹûκηӦɽԶűӦǺġ
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űûȥ״ûôɣ˵ѧԺʵ˵ֻҪֳԼľ츳״ǾԲҴѹġ
صʱ̬ѾԵı仯
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űûᡣ
ڣҷöˣϵĻǵһμ
̶̰ʱ䣬űһ꼶ϵıѾ˵ѧԺһγΪЦˡ״öұ޳飬ȻûκηӦ˿űɽǺ޷ġ
ԣֱ̬ӵת䣬Ȼֻ̫ϽдѣûʵԵѹű䡣

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Ժˣű·ܵһЩĴ
ίܲ˵ĻҲûжϢˣ⺢ӡ
ǣ״Щ
͢ѧҪ̽űĿеĵλ԰״ľٶ
ѵôѹű䣿
ͿԺ᲻ԽߡԽߵĻͲҪҽˡҵĸɶӿԴĥԲܱѹ衣
ϧʵ̫ˣ̫ˡ
ȥɣײͷѪȻ֪ˣҲͻԹԷˡְȻѽλҲδûгϢ
ϣűܹһЩ漣Ķ𣿡
ҡͷ̫ˣʣµʱ̫ˣʹȻԤϵһԲ漣ģҲôˣһŸҡ


12 ֻһҹ״
ϣűڴ˼ǧ
֪ʣҪ˵ʱ䣬ʮҲгԱҵǾûָģΨһܹľξָ
ǣűǿŻʹԼ硣ķǳξ᲻ãϰϾѧϰһӵĲξʵƴ
Ȼˡ˯֮̽ȫµξ֮С
ξУһһεϰʮΣһٴΣһǧΡ
ʵޱȵʹ״̬ԽԽξÿһȫָеľһαһν
ξʱʵʮξе岻֪ƣ롣
ԶűϰţеڶٴϰʱѾܹˡٴϰʱѾܹʮӲˡ
ȻϰȻã̸Ͼޡ
ľϲջ򣬶Խϵ
Ϊϰʱ򶼲̣˽ʱȫϸ
509ϰʱ򣬺ȻˣҪһľУǾǽƽ֮
ǿҲǿʲôԣ߶޵ģǿҲ߽⡣
Ҫάƽ֮ƽ⡣ֻҪƽ״̬ͻؼһӣСʱһСʱ˿״˿
ǣűξѰƽ⣬ҽоܵļ㡣
־һٶεϰ֮󣬶űƽ֮ƽ֮
Ȼ󡭡״̬
ƣȫ˿ֺܹܾúܾãСʱһϣԶԶ˽ٰ̹״裡
˵ѧԺǶűܹʶһ
ξϵͳʹʳʵʮ˲ܿƽ֮򵥿ֱװ׵ѵϰһǧһҲﲻЧ

գűһһ꼶Ŀ֮ϡ
ʦ״ûЩʮ˵Զű˲˵Χۺͳ֮˺ʮСꡣ
һǿʳ磬˵֮Ϊˡ
㻹ʱ˸ĵ߳Ҳ˸ˡ
Ҫ㣬ڷˣȻˣ
ǵĿãȻ㣡
һЩߴǿ׳˵ѾӴˣӲ˵ڲֱ쾭ģҲ˵Ļ֮һҪ˵ڲֱɡ
ߴһЩ˵ֱΧҪֿᡣ
Ȼڴʱ˽Ų״˽
ʱе˵гɶӣСèҪԣҺ
״ű󣬵û˵Ļ𣿹ҵĿãҪ̧ȥˡ
ţ֡ʱĸߴ˵ǰűΧм䣬ֻҪ״һ£ǾͽűðȻ̧ȥ
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Χ˵ҲŹЦ
ڰ״ȷʵѣҲҪµʱϰɿˣûаݾԣⲻ֪ʶǰáű˵һˣȫ˵̡
״ŶűĿ˺˻̫ڿˣ̳ɽҲҵȨȻ˵ѾѧϰǾ͵ڿˣɹһӲͨҵǸûͨôԺҪǰ֣ˣʮһ꼶ѧԱÿһ˳һڣΣ
⻰һűķǳ⡣֪˵ڲȨǳ⣬һ衣ð״ΪʦվҪһЩΪȫƵǶϵļ̤ܹΪʦڶűĻɰ״ͼˡ
ҪѾˡ״Цǣ׼ǵĿˮɡ
Ȼʮ˵ȫֻҪŶűһ䣬볯¿ˮ
űŰ״Ȼ󻺻ͷá
״ȷƣһӣʼ
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״óһɳ©һɳӿʼ£һӵĵʱʼ
ȻŲмĿŶű䣬˵Ҳָָ㣬ڴĶűܷӣ᲻ֱһƨˤڵء
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Ȼһӹȥˣӹȥˣӹȥˡ
ʱűѾȫֲ֧סȫͬɸһ㣬ܿҪ̱ڵˡȻڣȫ˿ͷ·ĵһ㡣
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˵곰ЦûˣűĿҲ˾ȡ״еĲмĿȫ˲š
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ʦˮȻһ˵װһˮ
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״ӦþܾģΪʤ֮䣬ǽˮ˶űĴ֮ϡ
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Щ˵껹ûожôޣȻ״Լȴǳʲô
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Ҳ˵裬ű䳬˰״ʮʦ
Ϊ򵥵ģϰ֮׾õ80֡Ҫõ95Ͼͺˣ״Ҳѡ
ʱĶű䣬һϣԴ˵100



13 ״ˣɵ
״ʱˮйһеġű˫˫ϵˮķ·̳ɱһ㣬ȫ˿
⡭Ҳ̫˼˰ɣǰѧԱôģҪ֪ʱӶֲˣֱӱ̱ڵˡ
ɳ©ˣһӹȥˣűģ˿״ûкͣ
һļžеĿڶűϣɼʱţʮӹȥˣʮӹȥˣʮӹȥˡ
״ɫԽԽѿϵ˵겻ҿ״׷׵ͷ棬Ϊʦ״˵űͨҪǸġ
״ɫǷ죬Ȼ󷢰ףǷࡣԥ֮УҪҪǸ
ΪʦӦԳУ˵ǺںġԲͶűǸǵʮѧ棬ȫɨأȫǻĴ
״ðһ壬ʱűֱۺʹˮһ
ˣ״Ȼű䣬㲻ҪϷˡʱۿˣѾѧϰ࣬ùˣȴװŸտ鲻ãȻһܸߵķҾޡˣĿγҲϰ˼꣬ѾȫˡװƬ̶֧ŲסأȻôһΪһʱγ̡˾ޣ˾һţֱݺܺ𣿡
⻰һűʱɫһ䡣
ϲ⣬թ黫֮ͽ״Цʱѧϰ֪ʶ˲ȫĶ㱾»˼԰ڣԩ㲻Ϸʹһ罣ҿ꼶ݣʹ
⻰һе˵Ȼԭôһ°ǻΪűǸء
ܴҪɽǰۡǳǸϷӲҵ۾˵ɽ˵Ļˡ״ʱѧջҪȥ۵ġȷ㣬ǲָһα֮ͽġ
ţ״ָ뿪ҵĿạ̃ϣ
űˮҸ飬һ۰״Ȼ˳ȥ
˾ϲ⣬ضκϣˡ뿪֮󣬶ű䱾ȥɽ״߳ͣˣǻص顣
ʱ󣬰״űǰȥɽ˵

״Ͷűɽ鷿֮ڡ
״ɽЩҲ֪Ƿ񵱽

״֮ǰű˵ҪͷˣԶ֪ʶ㿪ʼѧϰȻۿԵõһȫ˼ĸ߷֣֡
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˵Ϸʱֻѧϰ˻ۺȴװŴ㿪ʼȻֳһʱϮϵϷ룬˾ޣ
״ѧϣֻʵ㱨ɽ
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Уű侲վһߡ
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Ϊûκ壬飬ڵⲻҪԴҪõľΡ
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ҼôҴδûô˵
״ְҲǾ̫ڷ˼Բɽ
ڹȥ飬Ѿ޷УδȴжűĿγʲô
״ĵڶڣ˫ץﵽһپʮͦʮǺϸ񡣡
ʵֲߣϺܶ˶ԱܴﵽȻֻҪѣ˵Ա˸ĸߵͺϵ󣬹ؼǽڵ
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״ľٲڼװ
״ǰܶűĽͼ⣬űȷʵѾ˼ޣԲϷΪļͽҪһ㣬嶼ڲܿҪ̱ڵˡ
״ľٲ
ıֻʮˣ
״ǡ
ˣűԷˡ
ű˫һɣʯݺڵϣ˶Ҫʹȥȷʵ˼㡣
ʵһҪѧϰãܴﵽץһپʮͦٶʮĳɼ
״һˣҩԡͱ裬ԼҿԴﵽͦٽٽǻҪǳ̤̿࣬ʵء
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ȷţ
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áȻžҪͬ£ֻʱ䡣ºҶпˣ˫ץﵽһپʮͦﵽʮ֤û˵ѣһð״ʦǸҽʦУΪײ̫ࡣңõʦ̵ѧȡڱҵܹﵽܴﵽóɼ
Ȼѹ˾ҵǰ˾ֻһˡ



14 ״ڶϳ
⻰һ״ɫ䡣ʮǰ˵ѧԺҵûȥֿ˾ʵȨţǳΪһʦѾܲˣΪ̫࣬ⱲӶûָˣ治ȥ
ֵű䣬ºﲻĿ꣬һὫ׶ʮȻ˵ѧԺΪɽҪľǹƽ
ʱűҲһûʲôհ֪ξϵͳ᲻á
һҲ͹ƽˣ״Ҳ޻˵
Ҳѯλǣº˵򳲻κηֱĻᣬֱȥ
ˬˣ˶ﻢˡǶ԰״˵ֻһʱ߿ǶʼŻǰ״û뵽ȴԼװ˽ȥºעһҪ군
״һű䣬˵ѧԺıǷǳµģʮȥ֤Сغڷ뿪ѧԺüǻҲҪһһ޸֮Ҫڰٽȫ췽ҹ̷졣
˲󣬶űЦȻˣ״ʦʲôɵĵģ
ײĲᣡ״ߵȻֱȥ
űһ֮ڣصʯͷƤҲһ飬ղӲʵҲûס
ξϵͳ򷶳룬ܹǿļ䣬ܹ򣬵ǷܹľͲ֪ˣܵĻǰºͳ군ˣѾѡˡ

״Щصسڸɽ͢ǰľϸϸ֪͢ʦҲĿɽ
ɼ͢ǳ㾹ȻΪһѧԼǰ̣ǻЦ
״ڷѾˣɽ˭Ҳ޷أҵʱǱŭͷԣűȫŪҡ
͢űǸֵʲô
ʱ״ûл˵ˡ
͢ĿⶢŰ״ظңűǲϷһҪ˵滰ǳҪ
˵ű޷һҹ֮γ̵ġĹȫһ͵ġ״һȻҵֱװҲ޷šԲŻŭϷŪҡ
ܹһҹ֮˽͹ƽ⣬Ϳһ㡣͢ĵĻűһš
״ԣǺжԸһ㣬ֱȴġ
͢ǿ๦򣬲ǽһҹ֮ɡű޸֮ҪٽǾԲܵģҲܡ
״Ҳ֪ܣһ
͢ʲô
״ʦűţעˡһŸʮ֮绢ʱӲ
͢۾һűȫںȷʵһţϾСˡںǣűһţֳΪĸɶӣǶδľ͸Ӳˡ
ʮǰͬ͢һߵģȻѾһˡѾһɫĸɶӣڹܹ̫ࡣֶһŸɶӣδ͢ʲô
Ȼ˵͢Ҳ̫ԶˣűҪϢҲҪʮ֮Ȼ˵ڲǷǳġһŵļ̳ȫΪһҪ룬˵ڲǷǳעȨݵ
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״ĸɶӣͶűͬһᣬ֮ǰ;ìܡԳʲôŹҲǳűڶŹֱ۹֮ģһˣ
͢ȵĻǶűֱӾӮˡʱ군ˣҲ군ˣҲᱻǣ͵ڶȥ𣿾ʮҲģҸűѧԺڲκˣ򲻹ǲΣᱳͷϡ
״Ҳܿһ㣬ϽǸԲʦʵǱŭͷԣŻ⡣
ҿ㲻Ǳŭͷԡ͢ʹŶʮǰ˵ѧԺҵֻһγɼȥ˾Ҳ˾еļѧԺν̻ķǳ޶𣿡
״ѧҡ
͢ˣҽѧУν̵ģҪȥĹġ
״̹µѧߵлʦһո
֮͢ѧԺڶűԲԳ£Ҽסˣ

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ϴ㡣ĻϰҸ𣬵ҰпΣֻ賿㡣
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ͰˮѧԺɽɽһʼո㣬ҽˮͰڵϣҵıӻسϢҲҪֻˮͰϢͰˮٵ֮һ̶ϣһ¼ҪӣûУ
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γ̹Ȼûκλͷȫԭʼֶδǡ
ȻıӺݺݳڵϣһ졣
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ҰɽΣܣ޶ҡСɽƮɽƮ80Ӱ¡
ֳŮȵˣɬףʩǵ±ߵŮ



15 ӣΪ㽾
űĿĵ˵ѧԺɽɽɽߣֻײҲ᫡ǻ·ȴ5Ҳǧס£޸֮Ķű˵Ǽȼѡ
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賿¹£űֻ25صˮͰѵǰУߵ÷ǳǳ
ǰһ׻ǿԣڶѾʼҡΣ˫ۺҪһ㣬ˮͰ·25ǧ
ǰ350׵ʱ򣬶ű嵽˼ޣðǣ亹һѣҪʹȥ
ûгԷ̣ȴüͷ֪űʷǳû뵽ôȫǲɾҩĵز
ǰˣҪֱӻˤˡűͣǲҽͰ£ֻˮͰվԭϢϢҲֻ˵ʤˡ
Ϣ˰ӣűԻ˹Ȼǰ
ڶΣֻǰ˶׾͵˼ޣһͣϢһӡ
ʼɽˣȻôͣϾ·ڶű˵Ӽˡÿһޱȵʹ࣬ÿһڿ·õڸһ㡣
ǡڼֻ֣һһϢʮһϢʮһϢʮһϢ
֣ű۾Ѿˣɫ԰׵û˿ѪɫϵĽѾˡǳģǿĻܻܿᳬ弫ֱӱеģĺ˵һɡ

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ˣȻóһֻƿһ̺ɫĵҩȥ
Ǳ裬ܹģٲǶűܹԵġ
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ڶŶű䣬һνűȫٵĸǾųɾţеĸҲɡ
Ҿ㣬Ϊ㽾Ϊ룬ҲˡģɽҲͬºĶľ״Ƕʮ޻鲻˵Ľǡ㱻˵ѧԺɻǰ;ǻᰲȥ˵̺£һѧͽֱƹȻ޷նȨƽɹһûġ
ű۾һȣʱҪ硣
ⲻǽɽ˵ɽԸ⿴Ϊһȫٵķˡת뿪˵ѧԺҲɿΪ˵ⷢȣɿΪ˵Ϊ۹ףɻעġ
ű䰲һ˵ɽűͲ硣ж֤ԼԲΥ
Ҳٽ̵γˣԻؼңҲѧԺȴºͰ״Ķľ֣֮뿪ѧԺȥǵһ̺ţ֮⣬ͿԳΪǸ̺ŵĴƹ񡣡
Ϊ̺ŵĴƹҲǶűҪġ
Ŀֻһڰıҵ󿼶õһҽ붫ɻڴؿ쳵


16 ξ˲ĸɵ
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𣿡̾Ϣ׷Լͬһ㣬ָой׵ᣬ֪ҵĹ°ɡ
űѹԥ˺һ˵ԼĹ£Լľοű䡣
һֱܺ棬Ϊλкӣ̫ôҲкӣΪʮ֮˸ģ֮ǰһǧʮǧжô㣬δǰ̻жôáˣһӣһӣһŮ
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ƽΪ츳رߣԽ˾һԺѧϰʮԷǳĳɼҵ˴ıΪһĳ֮ɱ˺պչѫҰһΪ常ʮͳΪٻӭȢ˼Ůӡ
ĻδһƬʮ֮ǰܿܳΪһܱ٣ͳ˧һ
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Ȼ󡭡߹ͼıȫҶɱĸ޶⣬ԼҲ١
˶֪ԩģû˾ңʦңҵĽңӪȦץҡҵʱľˣ綼ǺڰġȻû뵽Ȼ˵־ңΪϴһұһĳ𡣡
˵ȻһЦҵʱֻǺĹζѣһβսĽ飬ȫ̸񡣽ҵڶ󶼶ǰҹǴ󶼶εӣ󶼶ʵֲԲŲִ£Ҳŵþȣԩѩ
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ѧԺֻһͷ˽ĸȴҪְ
ǳΪһͳ˧ǧɨ²¡ʵҳΪһ˵ҾԹ޻ڣվĻʱľҵʱƵģֻԶԶûôҡ
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ܸոմӻãűʵ̫ƣˣڴ֮ܿһ˯Ž硣

ȻξУű䲢ûнҩ֮Уͺ͸ղʵһ
ξеҩǴģҩͱ̥ա
ʵвҩĨ̥ͣǱգʼͣں󲿷ֶ˷ˣֻٲֽ˽֮нͻָ
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˯֮Уűʹ֮ɫԽԽᣬȫʧˣĺ˯
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һ㣬űظоԼǿһЩȲҪ֤һ¡
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ű˶ʮˮͰϣֻˮͰʮѡʮʯһץסֻʯ
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ȻԱȽɵģȻһ岻ҡˣȵġŶűһֱץٹͷɷǳȵ
űֳ԰ʮʯӹȻЩˣȻץٹͷѾЩҡˣȻѾǶűļޡ
ʱκﶼݶűĵľϲξϵͳ̫ˡһҹĹ򣬶űץʹ4080ɱֱǱըԵİ



17 ٿ쭣Ӯ
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ôȻ㡣̫߳25ˮͰ̱ڴϣôȥ
Сűȫᣬװûˡȶűţ֮󣬴ʮⲻ˵ˣűиС˱˭Ҫģ֮һ㡣
飡̫ཫʺһŵԼԣͶˡ
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״ʼܵСˣ͵űΪ̫ɡűѾޱڴһˡ

󣬸űͷĻ̫˰״ǰ
ʦģűǸ϶Ƿˡ̫ĵÿȥͷʱ̱ڴϣûʮʱ
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Ȼ״ĲȥϿΣ˵еֳѹָҲֱʧˡʵ֤ű䲻һţð״ο
ôţƽӹ֮ɫѾټˡ״ᶨͷȻҡͷűһ߰ɣСﲻֵǡ
ǰӮ˰״ֱӱ˷һ·ȥ
״ӿ켸׷ôͷôԸң
䶢˰״һۣû˵
״ĵˣ˵ǰűеһγֻ̣25ĸ˽㶪ڶ̱ڴûҪɣԺ·ɡ
ģΪʦ̬Ҫеġ
ôˣֻǹѡ״˵ڳԺųŵҲԼƵһҲԼתűľǱضҪɵģڵҲҪԼ
Ŀһ׽ͷ˴ˡ
״˲һ
Ȼ˲ɢ


18 ȥװ
ʱĶűµξƴѾĵˡ
ξڻƺӣ裬ˮǣˮͬڡҪ˵˽ˮ㳵ӵƺҲֱӱˡ
ξУֱӱӵκ˵Ļƺ֮У˲ͱ˵ĺˮˡ
ˮУƴغͺˮƴ̫ˣԾͱһʯͷһһߣҪ
һһεɥһһεر˵֮¡
˵֮ǰڱѩصıǰмѣںˮˮǰмֱǵѶȣÿһҪĴۡ
µĺˮͬ޴һ㣬˷񴷴壬űÿһλʱ䶼ᳬӡ
һһεظһһεȫÿһ鼡⣬ÿһÿһս
ѩξűһʱ͹ˡȻڶƺξѾȥʱ䣬û
˶ٴΣѾȫˡΪ̫ˣȫֵסƺӵĺ壬Ҫһʯͷסʯͷ̫ᣬǻᱻˮߡ
ÿһ嵽˼ޣͻպξоŸСʱ
ʱһһعȥˣʱ䲻ѧԺ֮ڣҪҪ졣Σµı̥ͣҸűµҩ
ֻÿһʱ򣬶ű䶼ڴ˯Ҳûкоøܺɬ
Ǹ̫ÿͷÿһʱ򶼼űڴϣԸƶűѾ̱ˣиֻһֱӽˮڶűĴϣȻȥ״칦ϣõĽ͡
״ָһСȻһθӣʱ͵ûм
ס̫Ȼһ
״ˣ֮űᱻ̣ȤĻȥ
һҪȥ̫ʮÿͷϼ̺ҰͲü

Ѿȥʮ죬űͰ״Ķľֻʱ䡣
űڻƺξҲѾĥˣûбʯͷ̫ᣬÿɱµĺˮȥ
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֮ǰڳ״֮ǰű䱣֤Լȫķֻһ
ԲҪ뿪ѧԺһѪ׺ҲܽѧԺץ˵ġ
ˣȥϿˡʲôĻ¿ҡ
ǡűˣʦæעһ°״ڲѧԺڣ˵úеҾܻṷǽ취ҡ
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Ƭ̺ڶű֮ڣǳ״Ȼڣһ뿪ѧԺˣԲҪ뿪ѧԺ벽֪ѧԺ棬ûκܹ˺ֺ
ǣʦͷȻ󼱴ҴҳȥˣŵʱһǿԲҪѧԺ벽
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ɷҳڶűǰɫ̱ʹߵ׵ݼСˡ
ڶűѾǶŸүˣÿμǱسСˡ
̸ˡűϽѾǶŸүˣ缺ôд˴񡣡
Ƕű׵ˣǰҶűҲǰݼˡ
үϽȥһȻһϢˡһͷڵϺޡ
ʲôűĿһȻˣ
ĹɥĲؾȻﶯˣ
ⲢűϣԷ϶취ƳѧԺġ
ؾ񻹱Ҫˣ״Ҫ취Ūˡ



23 ű־ޱ
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ʱȫ֮ǰ䵭űĿ÷ǳȵҿȥֻһҪֱѧΪҵ֡ѧţҪʱ;˷ڹѧ֮ˡֻҪӦΪҵ֣ȥ
ӶűΪˣһǳ顣ʦȻѣȫȨȦ֮⡣űȥΪȨѬ˵ͷͷʵʦ
ؼǣһ׶εĿڱҵ󿼶ȡһ붫ᱻξϵͳĨɱġ
ô㲻Ը𣿡ʮ֮ͿԽҵİ࣬ΪѧԺѧܵʦ൱ڸɽôʲôã
űôֹܻѵλãҪȨѬ죬Сֹĸо
װģһǸʦҵ˵˵۹Ҫʧˡ
ߣ˵úֻȨѬĶѡ̫Ȼ㲻ӦҲûʲô˵ˣҲֻܼˣ̴ǰʧɡ



24 һСñȻ
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ΪһЩΣնȣűˣûϡ
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ܹеգҲӦԵķӡȻһ֮Σűܹе
뿪ѧԺûбץǵȻٺòұץˣô״͵ǰˡű
Ȼʼװ磬סףͬһԷһƫƧĽ͵͵뿪ѧԺİͷǰָǵļС

ѧԺʡǹʮ·һ·϶ű䲻ߴ·רвݴľƫƧطߡ
Сʱڼ˹ֳǵĳţɵóһ˵ѧԺֳǵ·ΣյˣڰȻ¡
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ҡԴԭ˵ļ˦ȥűٽ뷿档
үӭ޵ɫʼˣôǺðҪˡ
ʵͽȫˣű֮ץס֣ĶűǸİôûУҲҽɾݡ
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ιҩ󣬶űҲŵضɫоꡣӡѧۡ鼮뵽˽֮һеĲ֮أһͷûأ
űȻˣһӺϵɫʼȥСʱ֮촽࣬۰׵ɫҲʼȴ



25 ״Ѫ
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Ȼո߳ǲһС棬űȻòϺëһһ
ٺ١ߴһЦӰ˳

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״ˡűаڽƮԴ϶ʱ򡣡
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ˣĿɢңӿ
˻ţȫͬһŤһһһʹţ˫˫ƴĴżӲĵ棬ȫӿֳһİߺۡ
ξҲ̣ܶӾͽˡ

űһʱѾһ棬ǰվһŮװŮӡ
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ξѾ֪1800ʯ˽ε䣬ǰѪף֮ɱ״Ѫĺ˭ײǽס
ѪɵĿһС̫ô֪1800ʯ˽εģ
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ѪǺ˲𣬵ҲδС̫໹ûôķֵǷ
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Ѫǳ⿴˶űһۣû뵽С̫ྐྵȻд˵Ļ
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Ѫû뵽ű侹Ȼֱӽ˽εĵַ˵˳
ѾǰǮˣصĻͰ״Ľ޷ˡű
Ѫ˶űһ۵С̫໹Ǽթ
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Ѫ˳ȥȥ֤ű˵ĻǼ٣״治Զ
ܿ죬½ˣ͸Ű״
űĻʦխݶͽΪʼɾŪű䣬νȫԩ޳𰡡
״űĿ޵Թ;˻ű䣬ô֪˽εģԲ֪ܵġ
˽Ǿܰ״ԴҲ޷űô֪ġ
Ϊ常Ҳ˽ΣѪҪǾͷˡűȻֳѪѪǮҲѾˣֵˡȻҲס״Զȡͷ
⻰һ״Ǿˣ·ǵһʶһ
Ϊɱű״ʹϹᣬıνĴҲ֮ߣΪűһû뵽űܹת
ʱôȵ֮մȨʱǻ˵ð
űĻѪĿ״ԼĻƽذס
״ʱɢ



26 ɱ״һѪ
״ë𣬴ѪǧҪļưɱɱ
ƣűЦѪɱҲ˼ưɣϹ˵Ŀɳ֮ơ״Ϊ˺ңȻϼ壬Ƕ˵ıѣӦñǧС
״˻ѾΪ̫ˣΪɱκδ۶Ը⸶Ǳ˵Բȡ
ű䲻ɵ¶һЦֻҪ״ԸԼУ˵ͺˡ֤ű˵֮ơ
ѪЦһթһ޴ǸУ㻹ʦ㻹й˽ҲǴϼ⻹ǻˮ֮ư
ûУûС״̹˽βǴϼģǴ˵ڲõ鱨ҾûҪ˼
Ѫ㻹ǻòͷˡ
״ƴͷѪ
Ѫң˽ǲǴϼģһ䣬նͷ­
״ѣѪĵʵûӣǣǡ
ѪǻҪˮҪҺ򳿪ս
״ǶǴϼļıû뷨ģҾҪɱűѣҺ޲ýƤҡ
Ӯˡű۾״ȫǲаɱ֮Ӯˡ
Ӯô׾٣ûһܴģű̲ס¶һ˿΢Ц
ǲǺܵⰡѪȻֱӰνڶűĲϣһһĳŪҲŪڹƣΪƸΪ꣬˲𰡣
űһ㵣ݵһ
û״ȫǾϲ⣬ϼҪˮҺ򳣬Ϲ͹˵ѪΣһǾͰ״ʽףǺ㡣ҪɱĻ㣬ǰ״
Ҳݡű䲻ɵһ໰ΪʲôŮпӰ
ѪһϣҸ˵ڶ̫թˣԸһףҲԸһֻ꽻ףĺ꣬һɱ˷һЩԺҡ
ɣ˹ˡ
״ˣȻһϲЦű䣬󰡣ãá
Ѫ״ȥ֣ɱС
ǣ״ϲȻӱϰγһ֧ڶűĲϣЦű䣬û뵽İɣ㻹ҵˡţΣǲУģҾԲһɱģһһĥ㣬ɱ㡣
˵գ״ĵֱӴű۾˫۾
űѪЦѪҹ˾ʱһ˹ڵϷ裬棬ʹɡ
⻰һѪɫ䣬ľһ˵ľܣûκ֪ģǰС̫Ϊ֪
ǽţѪ¶һɱȲ״ˣֱһűҪɱڡ
ⲻ߻ħĳֶ֮ˡűٵں㣡
˻ѪĽ˶űƤ˲䶨
֪ģſڴƻƣѪѰ䣬ãܡ
ű㷢ʱǲǻѰ·һŻҪըȫƤûһ·ʹ޷ѹƣһָʽĻþ
ѪӾˣЩ֢״ȫһָоûиκˣ˾͵Ҳ֪űΪ֪
Сʱǰű䱻ʱ渡һξѪַ֢״ִЩ񫷢֮ˣԶűĲ²⣬һеģʵûʲôյġ
Ϊ֪ѪĿ˱ɱ⣬ֻҪűشϾһ
ű㲱ϸ΢ӡǣ۾Ѫ˿ؼݣȻְֽྻƽ޹һѪЩǺԵ֢״
ű䵱ȻǺ˵˵ģЩ֢״֤Ѫĳֶ񫷢ˣȫýƵ̡ѪȻ֪һ㣬űĵ˵÷ǳ׼ȷѾˡ
ܺãа취Ρű
ѪҲţҲһЩҩѧ̹ܶʦǶ״ȫ޲ߣż꣬ѧж٣ôܹκң
űЦ㷢ԭҲЩʦȻβ㡣㷢һַǳ˶ֶﲻȴ»񫣬ܡ֪֮ԲŲţҶΨһܾȵˡ
ѪΪƣŹ𣿡
ԡű
ѪֵһΪɱ˰״𣿡
ҲɱҲɱġűΪҪڡ
ȷΣѪʵ
ᡣű
ѪУǳɽˡ
⻰һ״ʱɢƴӴܡ
ಡѪ͵˦һâ
״һҽУϸϸĹӴùǣѪ͵һ״ֱӷ˻ݺˤڵϡ
ҪѪĸǰܣȫǲܵġ
ѪݹһѵԼְɣҾͿ˵ڲҧ
Ϊ˵Żű
ѪذףűŰ״
ʱ״ùǱסʹû鴤粻Ҫȴ˵ڣҲ֪ˣű䲻ɱѪҲɱ
ű䣬㲻ú״˻޵ڵ㣬ܿŮҲɱġ
űˣôӵ⻹ֲġ״ͷҪңһ㶼㣬ֻ㣬̫ɱˣȥɣ±ӱ˵ˣŮҲ˵á
㲻úú״˻źޣҲҲɱҰҺúڰ
һɱ֮ˡ
ܿģűȻ׼״͵ش¡
۴̡״һѪ͵һ˻˻·Ҫ˵ʲôһӲͶˡ
ĸСڽˣűƵذ׻ѪȻëҲ֣⽦һѪ



27 װֵϷ
űоͷ·ɱһֻһЩӰЩBOSSϣɱ˲ţϺޱ顣
Ѫݹȥһ˿ű䵭Ȼز˫֣ף̬ȵúܡ
Ȼ˧룡
ŻŻһŻѹֲסˣűɿس򷿼䣬һͰ¡
ǵһɱ˰
ѪһĻ׷¶һЦ⣬ѷš
Ķű䣬ĵľ͵ࡣ֮ǰĶűֵ̫ˣ˺ܲģֻŽɱ¡ʱƼɱҲ£ĪطС˵֮ǰǸҲװġ
űſͰʮӣĴȫͿˣȻǽ壬һƴڣȻ˿òˮʪ˽õøɸɾ
һűУͥŲصѪǰ·ղǽµĲһ
ǽ̸ű䵭
ȷˣѪôװǻƣ
һɱˣһѪнҲŲζºΪ񱲻Ϊɱ˲µġűɲӣӻֵ²ˣ˵¡
ȷʵǵһɱˣô³
װġ
ɱ״űǺԥѪһȷʵЩθԲڻ³ֻϷѣѪͶķҲֻһСѣǺΣա
˺ܽթģݼҪߣݺճսѪȻ˺ݻ࣬ⷽ治Ƕű֡
ã̸¡Ѫ˵ⲻ߻ħĳֶ˵ԵɣҽΣ
űֱӿ˽ΣҪ֮һ
ԭѪ񰡡

Ѫɫһ㲻Ҫôߣ룬СҵС
űҺģһ֮ƣҪ֮һ˵Ҳ˽ΣܲʲôҲòɡ
ΡѪеĲƻһ֡
űһҪ֮һ
Ҿɱ㡣Ѫ
űɱңûܾε㡣
ѪҪըˣ޲üȭű䴸
һС̫ҪôǮʲôѪ
ű֮ǰΪ˾ң˺ܶǮȥ¸ָ¸ϼĹܼң¸˵ѧԺĹԱǲ֪һ֪ˡǮǵķӻᱻߣҲᱻ
⻰һѪɫȫűֱһТ˳ꡣ
˵ֱ߽ңٳʱѾһݺڵǰ250ƽ㹻ǧˡ
ű򿪰óԪܲԵҧһڣѪе͸ûвˡ
չʾıŷѪݺݵôжģеľʲôָҽΣˣҲѧѧҲݷùܶʦֻҪһ㣬ʹѣҾͽι

Ƕűıʱˡ
ԪŻصУɫѪǲܹȽصˣƷʱʹ̣
Ѫ˵ͷǣô֪ģ
ƶϡű
ʵȫǲµģֻоݵĲ²⡣
űֵ֪һ㣬ԸƼһҩʹ̵ʱһţЧǳãȻĲʹˡ˷纮ʹ֮ģֻҪҩͼӰˣ
ԣ֪㣿ѪӾˣǾܵİ
űϸҩζȷѻƬƳɵģһһֱȽֶʹôȱȽϸߣѪ񫷢ķӦôҡ
ֶаܽأҲѻƬűÿһη裬ֻþͷ·ҧΪνҩҩβʹֻѹ񾭶ѣܲʹܣʵʹڡҩһַǳµĺǾԡһ˾ͲܶϾһϾþͻޱȵʹֱ࣬£ȣͷָָͬĻþ־ٸҲ޷ܿơ
ѪǳΪЩȫűˣô֪ģˡѪɵϵĲκӣʼűĻ
ⶾûκãƭԵģβĸðҲβľʹű̲סֵϷһ飬Ϊղ˵ʹʱѪȻ޶ԡ
ȻһӣѪذ׾Ͷס˶űСٸҵϷҵİ䣬ҾһʲôǾʹ
űϱ죬ɫøûв´ĻҩѾһЩˣ
Ѫ˵ͷȷʵаˡ
űҩ㣬ȵԽԽʱǾͿԶΪΪϹӿµ顣
Ѫû˵ֻɫ۵ɱֱҪˡ
ôΣѪʵͶű˵ı
űÿ೤ʱ䷢һΣ
һΣѪһΣʮŸʱ
űҪץʱȥҩ㷢ʱ²Ч
ѪҩԼȥҩ
űУһҪҩһоá
ѪŶűǾã뿪
űŻҲȥĻἱġؼ常ᶯеңұ˵ϹĹϵѺˡ
ѪҪѹң˻ηȴáĿҲôصķ
űһηʱҲЧ㣬ɱιΣ
Ѫ
űҿд¾״ʱҶ˵ѧԺ治ž״ȥˣӦ÷ǳ˽ǳ˵ĿڱԳСҶѧԺڣҲӲƲá
Ѫͷá
ȻֱһŰֽ̯ڶűǰ
űд¾״ʮŸʱ޷ЧѪɱιУ˵ûֹͱ
д״ǩָ֣ӡ
űȫԸģΪѪ3ֵں˴һȵĽΪС̫ǲʲô˼ġ
ˡѪ
űֱ뿪Ƭֻ֮˵һһȥҲ֪·ҴôҲΣգһˣ˱ҡ
С˵űѪҧӦˡ
ʮʱҩűβ㣬Ҹţ
ѪʵڲôһС̫ܹκѾѡˣΪʦΪ
ҲҪţֻ㣡



28 ɵΣ
ű뿪Ѫħߣصֳǽֵϵʱ򣬳غһȻʱ䲻ȷʵؼյĸоȻʱϡ
״ˣΣҲоյضɹˡѪĺĴˣܲŪֹѶȣűаԼᱻŪ
űصУɫѾöˣĳַǳĵôˣ
Ƿ˶Ǯűʵ
Ա߶ҵɫһȻһС֡
ѧԺúôţǮ㲻Ҫܡ
űϴұϼԩǽǮȥ㡣㱻ҧˣ̸ֽǮҴ򣬼϶һʲСˣҼǷ˶Ǯ
ĲùܣƼܿҪˣʱæծ񡣡
űЩ˭İ
̸ܹǷǮűʵ
ԥһܹʮΪٸ˵ϼܹİβܹӣϢܹ532
Ҫɷ򷢻𣬶űֱԳԪƽأԪȻ󣬵ÿһʮ
Ǿʮӣֵ߰ٶӣծʣµǮżáű
ɫһ䣬ǾʮӣѰ˼ҼӶܲµǮ
ǮİǾ
űұΪӣҽ컹κһ˵ĲԸôЩӡ
űǴѵģֱӾˣʱüЦұȻǳˡ
Ȼ̽Ԫ̲סǵšһ¶űıӡ
űСʱ򳤵÷ǳɰƯϲšСӣֻ֮ͺˣʵ̫ˡ
ţö˵˵ȥӡֱӴӴ
Ϣɣ̸ȥˡű
˵ֱ棬ֱŵģķҲԡ
жһϢⶾ֮ϾѾûдˣȻеǷǳݡ
̸űţԵ÷ǳнһһ䣺Сӣ𣿡
ⲿϻҪǶűˣȥ
ûСűش
Ȼ˳޻
ʱڵĽӣűҪãȻ͵ر򿪣һȺʿ͵س˽
һӣűļͱһ˫ָץסˡ
Ҳ˵һҪ뿪ѧԺ֪Ҳ㽫ֳǶˡ۾Ѫ˿Щһи̣ɽǵҵƤ
ǰˣôˣΪ˸β뿪ѧԺģǧҪ
ҵűҲ¶º͵Цݵû£Ҳǵҵûˡ
ͷɣﵣʵ
ᣬôأ
űʦһɣպõúܡ
ԥƬ̣ȻֱǾ߶ˡ
ǶȥȻЩ˵ʿ
ʮ˵ʿ߳ӣ滹и࣬ϰ˵ѧԺʿжʿֲڶűԺ丽
صѧԺֶű䲻ڣĲҪˣѧԺļʮʿֵ˼ʿֳǷҶűټ
سԣǽ˼ں۾һȵóԣܾûгԵζˣҺĽϱպһ㣬ĶԶˡ
˵棬Щˡ
˺ܸ˵ϲͺãȥ¡
ĴӣȻű䣬һѧԺ𣿡
ءű
Ȼһ˻Ŷű䣬˵ѧԺ

㹻֤ʾ״뿪ѧԺȥ˴ϼĵ̣ӼֱöѿܺͰ״Ǣ˶ץˣ붫νпʡȻҷѧԺҪ¸㣬㾹Ȼ뿪ѧԺˣȻ֪Ϊ˾ڻѧԺ·Ƿбٳֵĺۼ˼˵ʿѲ׷ʧٵĺۼȺ˺רҵеĺۼĨȥˣʲô£
ű״ϼ壬1800ʯ˽εĴѪɱңһ˫񡣼ɱңֻˮ˵Ϲìܡ
öļƲߡѪУȻܹȻ
űԣ취ѪıŹһɱ״
ʱŶű䣬ȫ޷ôģ
ѪĺǲϹûԸҪ飬ͷţűδŮİҾȻɱ˰״
ûв´Ļ״ӦǺѪһİɡ֮¶ű䶼ת̾Ϊֹ
űҪϸϸ˵ֹҪңļܻȽϸߡɽ֪ٸҡ
ǡűɽʲôʱ
һ˳ĻӦǺ̾ϢϣɽܹǿԮѧԺо޴鷳ˡ
űӺˣһǳǿӲɫ쵼˵ѧԺѻʲô鷳ҾȻͶǧȥԮ
ʲô飿ʲô鷳
ʦʲô鷳űҿ֪Ļңҿ԰æ⡣
ﲻæģȻţСá
űʲô飿ĺΪɽΪѧԺǡ
̾ϢһӦ֪ǹȻɵҽѧԺǺεȵļѣ֪˶ٴۣ֪˶ˡ⼸ʮڴÿһʡ½½˵ѧԺ忪Ȼش϶ˣ߻ʵԶ۸ӣһֱʮǰʡŽ˵ѧԺ֮ĺü궼ϡǵѧɼ˼ҲϣǵĹѧɼ˼Ҷϣû˰˵ѧԺѧ֮һ
Щ꣬йУѧϿɣҺòײʿҵˣͱСѧûҵˣǺεҲٰ
ǰɽͷˣ뷽跨콭ԺϺлҪõ˵Ͽɣ˳Ϊʡѧ֮һ콭ѧԺɽһƣ˵˵ѧԺҪǳϿԣǽѧĽҲԡÿٰһѧѧ䣬ÿһóһǧĶѧΪ롣һӮһǧĶѧڶӮĶѧһǧĶ
ű֪˵ѧԺĹٺ佫ֿˡ
ѧѾٰĽˣѧԺѾ6000Ķѧ
ű䲻ɵõһ6000ĶﰡڽһĶ50ңƶһЩɽ٣һĶҲҪ25ϡ
Ҳ˵ȥʮ˵ѧԺ15ϡȻΪ˵ѧԺҲڱʡϣΪѧ֮һҲδ̫ˡ
ʱ˵ѧԺʱ򣬱º˵߲㲦һĶѧֻʣǧĶˡһѧԺѧˣһĻҪһǧĶȻʧĲѧ˵ϣҪ˵ǰ;Ҳᱻһ



29 ҵ50֣Ψһ
ɽżϻȥ͹Ѳ̸Уϣùٷ̬ȡѧ䡣Ȼ̸ʧˣɽֻȥݸԮ㶫˵ѧԺѧԱתѧǹμһεĴ䡣
ű˵ѧԺ콭ԺϺĲô𣿾Ȼÿһζ䣿
ı䣬Ҳ䣬ǹѧ˹ģҲû䡣ؼݣûһǱҵҪİ
űѧ便ȵʲô
黭
Ҳݡű̲סаȫˣå
Ǹ̫黭զǱ˭Զأ˭־أ
콭ԺϺĵӣ൱һֶǳţСܵ黭Ѭա
˵ѧԺѧԱһǳ˼ңӹȥ˭ԸԼĺ˸Ϊ̫డǴСһѧ黭ѧԺ֮ѧϰѧȵȶûйȥѧʲô黭ˣҵֲͬƶСѧĺӣǻȥѧٻ滭
˵ѧԺȫҵ󿼳ɼ乤ǾԵӦԽ黭ȫʽұٵģ˵˵ʵ̫ݳˣѹÿһδ䶼䰡
űɽǿԮ𣿡
ӵܣϷǵӣʮѾо٣㶫ʡԵһ
Ԫˡű˲ǰǽΪҪ˵ѵҲˣ
ǡһ۶űԵ۹״ǳ佫źĹټͬ޴Ϳһŭ֮˸Լ˵Ϊʵֿ롣
գʵ̫ˣ̫ţˡ
ű˽ʲô˵ĵλܸ߰ɣ
ϣ۹˵ѧԺżġҲĿǰϵһ˵һ̳ˡ
⻰һűɫʱˣղŵľ֮˲˵⡣
˵һֻңȫ˵ѧԺһ˱ҳɫ˧еĻҲҪȫŪ
ǶűʵźֻҪҲһ
ɽϹǲҪܴĴۣűʵ
ͷԣҪܴĴܹۡӮô䣬ҵܹ50֣һһǧӵĽȻģĴҪ͹㶫˵̸С
ҵ󿼼50֣űʱ۾ⲻҪ
αҵű䲻õһĻᱻֱĨɱҽֻˣÿһֶܹؼˣһӼ50֣Ǻεȵ

űʦҪѧԺμѧ䡣
һ㵣ȻȻţСòãûܹ黭ϵͳѧϰѧԺڵѧԱûư
ű仹ѧϰģ黭ÿһᣬûһи裬ϲɣһרעܾõģͬŮһ
Ȼ֪һţ黭ҪʮʮұŻȽϸߵ衣콭ԺϺӵܽ˵ʮˣˮƽǼ֮ߵġ֪ɽǳǳ㣬εĴʵ̫ؼˣϵ1500Ķѧϵɽǰ;ɽжʣµ4000ĶѧǽΪһ޴ĺڵ㣬󶼶Ӱ죬˵ڲĶҲǳҵġ
⻰һűʱĬ
ֻ1500Ķѧǻûʲôϵǰ;Ǿ;Բκʧ
ʱűѾȫһλĻδűҲλ򡭡űҲлᣬ˵ڲϵǷǳμġ
ű黭ˮ׼΢ȦװƵȻû⣬콭ԺЩӵܣûжӮĿԡ
λ˸ĽԪɣȻҲǶеĶ⣬ɵʤ㣬Ϊ˸ɵǰ;ʱһ
һֱ˵Ǻεȵ㣬εȵĿ
֮ʵ֮˵Ŀıָ½˰ٷ֮ʮϡ
űˣ˵һģһơ˵еԴȥԼҲƳ֮Ҳδ䡣
űһЦӦͣҲһñСǼͶ֮ǧˡ
úõһԪĹټŻ죬ƫƫҪ˵ҵķ룿ò޼ɣ
űгıۣиϿһڼñӡ֤ʲôģ֤ͿˣĪУ
ˣǡʱҪǰԣò޼УҶűǸ˵̳ˣĹټģҲһġ
һ·˵űڼʮ˵ʿı·ѧԺ
Ȼȥ˯ʲôɽ˵
ǣʦű

ѵãűһҹΣ˯˾ŸСʱ
ĵһʱ䣬űȥǮˡ
ϧˡ̫̾Ϣһű仹ǮȻţһӵġ
ǶűȥӵʱС檵ץһѣС˺ݺݲһţذ˶űһۡ
Ů˲ˣȥҪˣʱű˦˦鷳ˡ
Զű˼ѣ촽Ϻݺһڣֱ͸Ϣ
òС˰һۺ󣬵ɱҸóԵġ
ȻȻȻڶűһڣŴҴææˡ
ϧˣѱ߲ݣͿԷĴˡűͷҲصˣʦ̫ļңԺҲˣȻµġ
ɽ򳻹ûл״ʧҲûѧԺκβűʼ׼ѻƬҩˣԼѪֻһ񫷢ˡ
˺棬űΪλ֪ѻƬҩӣ
ԭܼ򵥣ִű˽Ƚңɫɫ˶һЩֳ߰Ķܶࡣ
һ˽ܵŮоմȾ⣬ȥ䶾ԾöűæȥŪҩ䶾һȥűЩ䶾ҩ˽⣬ҩҩ
ִѻƬҩӲʲôܣУ̲͵ģԶ͵ģҹ衢ʮζָȵȵȵȡ
űҲǼǸ𣬲˽ЩҩӣڸѼϼҲûа취ˡ
˲ʮӶűͰеҩﶼˣвϺõĺΣӹҲǸոյء
Ȼ֣ϵֶͻ䣬Ҳ֡ԭеҲ󲿷ֱ͵ҩԣҷ·ҩǿһЩ
űϾǶһѧۡˣԸҩһӹҲЧԾǿҩĳܷڳҩһܹ֮ǿЧϣ÷ʱʹоܶ࣬ԵԶֲڻ˺Σա
ϣҩջãűĶǸеĺ˴һȣһġ
˻˭Ѫ


30 Ѫ
űǱſѧ̬оӵģȻûʲôգӦð˾ŲʮɣϾʲô߿ƼĶ˼ͿˣؼƾѪԼ־ǿʼЩҩ㼸ʱȫƳһƿ档
ҪǳҩŴ󣬵ű䲢̫ںЩϾרҵġ
ѻƬҩ֮󣬶ű俪ʼѧϰѧۡڶѧϰеʮңȻ˯׼ξѧϰ
Ȼξһγˣȴѧϰξһǳµξ
УѪѻƬҪǰףűϽιԼõҩ
ûкתѪȫʧȥǣֱһưѶű÷飬ò
ʵ̫ˣô°űճִЩѻƬҩȻǰٷ֮׼ȷû뵽ôذ
ξеĶű䱻֮󣬺ܿһθξֱӻص˼ҩһ̡
Ӳܵˣűһзġѧۡһڶҵ֮ǰҩΪλʧܵԭ
ѧϰġѧۡڶһҳһҳǰÿһϸڶ
֪˶ãűҵһҩ̽޸ģµҩнҩ֭ãȻٴȥѪ
񫷢֮ǰѪһ˶űڶΰƵҩ
εǲˣӲңȻ߿ѪһĻ̫ˣ֮ǰһƽűˡ
УűѪĵڶʧܡ
үҪҪôѣҪҪôҰ
ξһãһλصű乹˼ҩһ̡
űһηġѧۡһڶҪҵڶεҩʲôȻѪֱѪ
еʱʵʮһСʱһСʱȥˣһһȥˡ
֪˶ãűҵ˵ڶҩӵĲ˵ҩӡ
ҩӣȫҩѧ⣬͵ϵҩ˺ܴĲȻеĶűҩץҩ
ϺһȥѪá
һЧǳãѪķҲʹ񣬶Ǳ룬ַǳ˵롣
·룬ҽʵʵ룬Ȼ˶űĲӡ
űľˣҩ治κδɷְΪλ
ֻѪű䵱Ȼ˹ڵطĳܽӴ
ʱѪѹŶűƷǳɹΪҪûðң
űǣҪġ
ҪȥȥѪȻһ˹
űһ͵ؾѹξ

֮󣬶ű䷢һξϲ顣
ϵξûȥרżѧϰۡڶΪҵҩĴΪ˹˼µҩűⱾ鷴֪˶ٱ飬˼˶ٱ顣
800ҳġѧۡڶȫȫ죬ڻֻͨҪһҩݻ߶֣ű̸ֳеϺͼƬ
ľϲ
ôʣµģȫǾˡ
û뵽ǰεҩȻôĺ˵ҩǲģòҲôĸá
ҺξԤˣ֪ô
һ޴鷳űĵҩȻǳЧǾȻдãʹѪȣѹֱɱ˶ű䡣
СʱѪҪһηˣűҪҩƳҩԸ޸ҩˣ˯Ҳδܹˡ
ǶűˣͰξеĵҩ
Ͻϴ֮ذξеĵҩץҩҽа
СʱϣʮҡһʱѪҪһηˣԶűǰȥ
űҵʦһҪȥһˣǳǳҪ
Ȼ״ˣϼҲǿѺʮˣʱȥһΣյġ
űıҪȥ
һǺãʿȥ
ǡű

Сʱ󣬶űѪ԰һԺС
Ӧһׯ԰ˣռس˼ʮĶΧǽ׶ߣɭϣ·˫۾ڰ֮С
һ˽ȥſѪŮʿ
ʿưָûǶܽĵط
Ѫµʵϣ˶ű֮⣬κ˶̤벽Υ߸ɱۣǡ
űģûµġ
Ȼһ߽˱ԺĴţȻһˣȻѪʱκ˿
мķӣӴŽ洫ѪȻ·ǴӶһ㣬Ů˵书Ǻܸ߰

ű߽˱ԺмĴӣֱƵϸûˣߣ覴õשÿһľͷĵζǳ
һȥȴԵ÷ǳտûʲôҾߣݷҲǳļ򵥣ӵݻ롣
Ժԭ˱ɱˣҵˣֻҲϲЩݻļҾߣϲЩë̺̤ܲʵҶˡѪ𣬵ûмӰ
ҲƷζˣǷסű²ۣһѰѪ
Ѫٴڵң档
棬űҵ˵ҵڣ̨ĵڡ
ɷǳªһʯһӣֻ֮ʲôûСž޴𣬽յõƻͨ
ѪŮװһʿװӢˬ
ŮһԴȣģµĻǿһ۾ըǽģϵЩӿͼҲP
ҩˣѪʵ
űͷ̳ӵ˹ȥ
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ű䲻ֹȴһȴЩţһСסҩˣǾ鷳ˡ
ҺãСҩֻ֭ǾЩήңȻſڵȴû˯ţȴûгʲô֢״Ҫ۹֮ġ
Ѫ̽̽СıϢַͫףѪȷСû£ҩ޶
ʱѪаСʱ˾ôšѪ϶ǲͶű˵ģһ
ҪȻȳȥҪʱ򣬰Ҫ¾Ϳˡű
СѪնҩʲôԣҲԵһʱɱ㡣
Ȼ˾ôţԵЩΡ
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űֱˣĿҡ
ѪֱһָסűѨλλ޷ʵš
Ȼ˼ž֮С
ȻԱߵ͵һҡΣѪĽ͵һѻƬҪˡ
Сڿȣƿҩȫȥű
Ѫƿֱһ



31 ű䣬
Ƭ̺ѪظоԼĶѾˣʹµĸоҪˡ
ڷ·һɿµ棬ͷ·˶ǷģΧָָĻþ
ʹĸо˺޲ȥ
ѵűС˵ҩЧ𣿲ҲֻһǻļթС̫ѣѧ軹ȲѪʦβ˵ĲΣ
ѪЦԼҽŻѶű䵱ɾݣСֻҪƭԼνѻƬ֮񫡣
ҷ֮һͷѪжݺݵ
Ϥʹо͵Ϯ
ǣһӿһĸоԭʹ֮С
űҩ﷢ˣȫѻƬ֮ķȻǷǳЧ
Ѫոӿʹ֮УʱȻͬˮһȥȡ֮ľȻ룬һɴδйļ¶
ûаԼŮˣʱ˶ʮŮ˸оȻӿϣȫֵס
ȻѪԽԽ룬ˮű䣬С˵ȻеĿһթˣϸ֮ȴթһ㶼ḡһֳ
ҩǿҸоѪʧȥǣȻһ㳯Ŷű˹ȥ۲Ĳϡ
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û˵꣬촽һȣѪ̵촽Ѿס졣
һ紵ҵϨˣһ˵Ļ涼ںڰУΨ졣

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⻰˵ѪЩ߳ŭ
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ģðɣѪԼ˵ʲôˣԼ֪˵˺ܶﻰܶܣǳĻ
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ȻѪ⿪˶űѨ
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ԼôϹŮǹʡĺͷӣ۾书ǿ׾ľ˵İ̫ࡣ
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ʱűӰ֡
Ѫɹֵ3˴һȡ
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ΪȻңԶҲͻˣòװ
ѪıԺ󣬶ű䳤һ
ҿղûжһָͷҿղűѨ˰ѪһɱΪûɱűģֻҪű䶯һ£㹻֡
һĺɱŮˣ֮ûж֣ԲΪԶűʲôϧΪԼĵһء
ߣѧԺű䳯ʿ
ԸѾˡ

ȶűص˵ѧԺʱ򣬷Ѿɽ˺죬ƮƮ
Ϊӭ򳣬Ϊӭ˵еĳż񣬹ϵδ˵ϡ
ѧԺеѧԱʦ㳲ϴſȣ۾Ƿģָоͷ·ִϳǼ٣˿ӭӵĳ档
ǳɡűаȻҲȺţҪϾʲôģ
ıϣϣȻǰѱͬС
ɵĴҲ̫˰ɣֻһѧԱѰʲôʸһ󶼶߲жа
һϵףű͸Ӳˡ
Ȼô˧ؼĽ׳޳棬ȫһȫŵľ콾һ̫ζûа
ȻűҲú˧ؼǳĿǻŹİű価Ҳ˧ϾȺ֮а
űĿƣŸôϸŪȥ
ȥаȫڴδ˵䰡ű䲻ʲô֮٣δûʲô˰ʱ̫ˡ
ϵĻӭʽһʱɽ͸ɽ˵ϵ¾޽УЩ̱ƶʵ˵ѧԱǣȻҲͬ͹һϡ
űҲΪվĳԹȺڣ⡣
űСѧѧʲôʱΪһֱվ汻ĿĽʺ޵˰
ȫѧȫ鷨һȽȫִһȽXXѧһȽѧ𣬶Ӱ
ȻΪģҪըˣ

ʱ֣űɽİ칫ڡ򳼸켸ҹû˯ˣЩݡ
űģһ㵣ȻĿһ˿кʹֲ˵ڡһĻķǳůοɶİ
ʲô°һ߳Էһߵ
ûöűһԷΪ˵µȼǳɭϣϲأҲԱֳ
űɽҪμѧĴ䡣



32 ɵȥɱ
űɽҪμѧԡ
һֱ˵С
űûΪʲôվԭء
꣬һˮһμѧ5Ѿˣ߳ĸ˶Ϲء
˵ĹǺܴģ򳣬ĹؾһҪִСҵжű˵Ҳһᱻȥɨһأĸɶӡ
ûйأɷԲ
ڶѧֻмʱˣѧϰĽȾɣҲѾˡű֮ǰļΪⳡѾ׼˺ܾãҿԸ㣬⼸˼ר黭Ѿüˡ
ÿһѧμӴ˳˵ѧԱʮǰר黭˲ţǱȲЩӵܣǴͿʼɣʦ̵
ԣΪ˲4000Ķѧֻܻ޴Ĵ㶫Ԫתѧ
黭ҵ󿼶ģҲʱ;˷档ҵֻˣһʱ䶼˷ѡ
űʵϴ˵ѧԺսӮ𣿡
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ÿһ仰سɶ˵һ䣬˵߳Ӯİգʵϻа˳ɡ
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ӣ֪ʲôűǶʼϣ·𣿾Լϲ̫ԶˣҪ취ֲ
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ģվġֻҪ߶ԶҾͷ߶ԶһֱΪֹԼ̫࣬ʵȫԲô롣ûѧϵо޴˵ļ̳˾һǳḶ́Ҫʮ꣬ʮ꣬ʮʱ䡣ԽʤڼʮľпֻǺСһѡʤС
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ǡűԥƬ̺ʳɽѧҪ𣿡
Сӹ£ԼȥЦӼԷ
ȻǳҪֱӹϵǰ;
ľʵ̫ˣĿǰǷǳɫġһѧԺ䣬ٶ1500ĶѧĻ˵ڲʧδҪ󶼶ĿԾͲˡ
һɽΪѧ䣬ֱӱȥĹһȺ»Ұˡһɽ֮˵ڲ˸λá
Ϊ˹˵ѧԺԵΪȹ˵ڹʡվ˳ɽ󣬶˾վڱϿЦ
񣬵ʱǰŷʳһ٣Ϲ˵ѧԺɽ֮ͻˣ̫ı
Ʒ¸е˶ǳԿģ˵Ҳ⡣űͿ͸ˣԲȥǸеɵӣֻа֮䣬Ⲣˡ
μӴԵȲˣűɽ״ˡ
ϸϸذѰ״Ĺ̸򳣬ҰѲֹѪҲȥǰ֪˽ε顣ֻ˵ѪһףűΪĳַǳϡűƫƫ֪Ĳ
Ȼһ۾Ϳ˶űûн˵꣬û⡣ÿһ˶еܣҪ˺ޱһַǳ޴Ϊ
ţ֪ˡͷţ극Ҵȥһط
һʱűָĳ֮С
Ѻʮˣȫ״ݺű䣬ߵһϼһӵܴԶƹһκš
˴Զȫɱˡ
ʱʿη֮Уγ䵶ʼɱˡ
Ұɡ
ƹ񣬾ȾңȾҡ
䣬ʮϼȫɱøɸɾƬ̼ηͰ
ţѺ˳ɫ԰׵鲢ôţΪ鶷ɱˡһԵݴɱһɱ˴һٶˣڴϱһûɱǱ򣬳ǳ˺ƤǲԶԷĺԱֵġ
ˣʲôɣӦġԶҵǳæµٵˣҪ̳ȥ
Ͱ״ᣬ1800ʯ˽λȡѪɱű䣬㾭ֵĶ𣿡
Զ˵ʲôĲ֪һΪΪ˽εץǵء
ǺǡҲʣŶűȥɱ˽顣
űһ㵣ǽӹ˷ذԶǰһҪʮˣ彡׳ȴֲ˹Ϣȫ³˸Ϣ͵Ĵӵܡ
Զ֮ǿЦˣҪЦɣô죬Ҫǽжթɡ
ǶթҪɱ㡣
ԶɫһΪһ˵ѧԺС̫עһûгϢķΪҴϼ峹˺Ƥüô룿ô룿
ңϼܣٰ֪
˻֡
űذֱӴ˴Զ֮ڣһ鴤󣬶Էֱӵر㵽ҲԼ۾ΪһС̫űɱ
ùűеذףԽԶԴݸߵһʿȥЩͷ͵ϼȥҸǣűҵӣ˭ҪٸҴ⣬ҾͶԴϵĵˡ
ǡǸʿ
ӽԺ󣬴ϼϲٶԶű䶯ˣ̫
߰ɣˡ򳳯ŶűȻ뿪˶ĴΡ
Ϧڣؼ𣿡



33 ƹ򳣬űλ
űһ㵣ոɱ˼ʮˣϦزؼңֻ£ЩΥͰ
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ھؼҰɣСѧۡҲˡ
ľͽűͻؼңȻԼ˵ѧԺ
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λǸ̽ƼԶݸĶƼÿκνҪɻؼҵġ
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Сģڶűǰ·жද֢һϲֶŵġ
ˣԷˡ
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죡Ƽŵװһ£ȻֻѾܾˡ
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Ŷű䣬ϵϢһŷſ۾ǵݸ֪𣿶ûãԶޡ

죬ҪʶǰϺμѧˣһ˵ѧԺеģֵϺһξ콭Ժ
ϵļ룬εĴ䣬ȫ־ڱصá䣬Ҫ1500Ķѧ
ϧδ̫Ҫˣϵ1500ĶѧֱӾǰ̣Ҫöűȥһ¡
ڴʱһС̫ɽ㶫깫
꣬㶫˵ѧԺɽʮꡣ
ϿҶɽҹ㶫˵ѧԺҪһЩûмζ򻧣Ѿʮˣ˵ڲĵλǲģֻʸҪһЩ
Ͼ곤ʮ꣬ȥӭӰµ֮ǰȥݣʱϾûܼźڴһΰлԮ֮
ι㶫˵ѧԺתѧȷʵ޴æ˵ǰ̡
򳲻ÿͬһӦõġһߺȲһߵ֪ݰݷңϻûмʱϻعݣؼ֮ҲûֱͣӾͳָˡ
ʲôǲֻҪܹ岻ݴǡ
Ц㵱ȻܹҲһĺ¡
ǻ֪
⺢ʵ˵궼ĴŰɣδ˵˵Ҫͷϡ
ȷʵѵһĿš
ˣ˸ɵΣ
˵⻰ʱЦģĿȴû˿Ц⡣
⻰΢΢һ
ɲǼ򵥵İݸɵҪϳΪļ̳ˣǷǳ顣
û˵ϵδ䣬˵߲ڲкܴġһ֧Ͳ̫޳δΪ˵䣬ΪϾǴӴĹģǸ˵
常˵úδϿԽ͢ǲִƶִ࣬ƱȨȨ
һ󶼶ľ֮һһϳΪĸɶӣôδûʲôϰˡ
ǽףҲǱƹ
һӦǾûжűʲôˡδеԴϼ̳С



34 Ѫģɵ޻
򳲻ӦΪӣǰѹضȥҲûʲôδˡѧԺĴҪˣȻ̱ҲҪڹ˵ѧԺһˣûǰһϣ˵ִƶˡ
еЦݣΪ粻ҪǾҪǰϺˡ
һЦⲻƴ·ڽϳǰ𣿡
ɵҲĻ֮ԽףȫԤıģҪȵǽǡ
վҪȥμӴˣҪҵһ滻˶ˡҪôֻűӴӦҪôԻǰ̡
ԣȫ
Ҫôⳡ䣬󶼶λóҪô׷ű䣬תϡ
һĴˣ϶ԥӦġΪ¿Ҫȶűɫ̫ˣ¡ű伸ȫһճִˣδ֪Ҫκʱ򶼿ֲܳˡ
ӣǰҲ˳˳ˮศɵģھܹΪṩ޴ű֪Ҫʲôʱܰ򳣬ټҪıӻ
Ӧű䣬ζ¼ڶǴĸ
򳣬°ɣҪ˼ôã
˵ȴǺףȫҪԥ
ǣ̧ͷֱ˵ǸҲͬ⡣
⻰һ¶ȫŵĿ⣬˻򳣬ˣ֪ľܾζʲô𣿡
ζδԻҲ
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˵ˣ˲ӲͲͷ
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һȻ¶һЦ˵ǹʿӣ˵˵ǶˣǶûˣҪʲôã
Ƕ˸Ͷ·ٱ˸ǾͲΪˣû˹˵ֻǼūצ޷Ϊ۹ǿ豭Ͷɣ
˵ȻֱӶ˲Ϳ͡
ãáЦЩһȫģҵȥĹһӺ͹»Ұ顣
ֱӱ۾м佻
ȵ뿪֮ŷеǿӲ̾Ϣһƣؿϣü価ǲɣ
Ƭ̺˽һ˵
ΪʲôЩ˾Ϳף˵û˼͹ԶƲ𡣡һȺ˸ĿˣҪõϺأҪĴۡ
˶ɽһ־ԶһΪġ
ЩʱĶ˵ڲʧ̫ˣ̫ûиˡ
ЦűǺӲμѧ𣿾ȥɡ
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ʱҲҲԼľԹκˡ
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˵ǵڶִֻ˼ʵȫӻʵ۵ģƹܵĴ̫ಢûıȨ
ƴ˺ͬһϵУҰݵͬһɵҲһΪխ򳾺ʧܺ󣬾Ȼ뿪תȥ˾
ˣôϵֻѡˡֻԸȱݣֻǾݵˡ
ЦűСӲ֪ĸɽʹ
޷Ǻεȵʣôϣ˵ܹһâɵ䣬ܹ۹㵹֮ơЩ꣬ߵսʮоŰܣϱ߰սǾȻɲһ֧ľȥƽѡϹҪµŮȥٳＯáڼÿһնϮʣֻһʽ½ʰ뵺ߡ
˵ݺݽˤڵϣأĹټţ佫֪֪ڵ۹ǽǡ˵ҲòȥֻȨı˽Ҵ۹쳯Ϲˡ
Ĺټ˽⣬ڱ߾ʵ̫ˡһƴǮԼ˽۹ľһöòҪ˾ţ
ˣΪЩ佫żȫ¢˾ͨѾγһ޴漯ţʵ۶޷κΡ
йõģ
˱ֶ֮ƬһľͷͰڡ
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ľöűȥһ£δ䣬ʵѾˣŴӾĳġ
Ļ֮򻧵ְλҪˣʣһȨƵѧԺɽλá
ڣ
Ӳ䲻ӲͲͷ

ҹÿ˼öűһ
ʦôˣʲôˣűϽʵҹһʱøò˰ɡ
ʱ˰£Ҹһ衣
˲ؿмҶű䡣
ԥʵǲҶ鷳ˣ
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ڰĽֵϣЩأһű䣬׼һ£պɽһȥϺμѧ䡣



35 Ϊɵ
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ʦǲǳʲôˣűʵ
һͷԣ;˳ˡ
űϲ󾪣ΪλҲ̫޳˰ɡ粻˳˳ƫƫڽҹ˳
ʧȥ˱ֵĻᣬű䵱ȻˣͰѸɵ˰δĽֱӹϵǰ;
ϱҪթɽɽͷӲԸúЭֱַˡ
˵÷ǳޣű仹˻֮
ܾһʲôűȻ˵߲㣬Ҳ²µĳ
ϱ÷ǳȣ˶˵δ䣬˵ѧԺɫѧâΪż񡣵ϾǴ˼Ǳתģ˵ڲ߲϶˼ɡ
˵ڵϵ˵ڲ֮һǳıɣǲͬλġϱ˾ͽôǧѷĻᣬЭӦδλ
ű仹øԶϰΪ常Ϊļ̳ˡıߣԼһӾͲࡣ
ȻűʵʦԷǲϰɵ
һ㵣ӵܣ֮ǴûԷȷʵ
űɽܾˣ
ͷܾˡ
ʱű۾һȣҰģ
Щ޷ܾԷҾܾɺпܾű䡣ȫ벻ͨűξϵͳ򳲻ֻ֪һѵõšǶűϾûгɳΪȻܾһϵܾһݡ
رĶű䣬ʱ·𱻶סһ㡣
˵ɽһӽ꣬ǳ֮ɫڹθܹܣűʵ
ĿĵģϾҲӣܾϻ᲻Ϊ꣬Ϊ˶ű䣬ǧҪ鰡
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𰸺ˣ򳲻Ϊ꣬Ϊű䣿ȻҲΪϺͲأű϶Ǻܴһԭ
űȫȵģԼɣֵôֵ򳸶ôҪ֪ܶһӵǰ̺롣
ȥһ£һѧԺɣһͳȥϺ
űȥѧԺ

һ·ϣű˵ʲôֻһ仰ҪӮô䣬50ֻС£1500ĶѧҲС£ؼǰ̣Ҫݺݴһϵ˵
ҪӮô䣬ɽ
ҪӮô䣬ɽ
仰ϵڶű죬߶ؾȻ˵ˣתһۣվû˵ʲô
صʱ˵һӣ㲻Ҫôѹɽ˼ȥһ£棬ûκγɼϵҪ󣬱Ͼһ׼ʱ䶼ûС
šѹʵɽѾ׼ǵ鶼Ѿдˡ
ֹˣȥ򻧵ҲѾдˣֻҪѧһͿǣΪλȥ᲻öλá
ˣȥϢɡ
Ͷűصȥر
ЦǺ߶߶˵һ仰ҪӮô䣬ɽ
ѵúЦľͺãûа
Ȼᵱģֻöű˵ӻ

ڴϵĶűþ˯ţҪӮô䣬ҪΪ򳱣סǰ̡
ǣ̸װ
֮ǰ˵ˣȻ黭һЩҲֻ椵ˮ׼΢ȦһȺ˵û⣬רǰ㲻ʲôġ
黭͵һ٣ֻй٣ݡ
űһ٣ܹȽһӣ˶ѣȥĻҵҲò͸˵ȥ콭ԺЩӵܱˡ
Χ壬űˮƽĻԣQQΧʤʳ˳ɡȻĳط̫ˣǲȥŰģϲʤŰС׵ĸоɲϲŰԱ˵콭ԺЩֲűȣ˵ѧԺѧԱҲ硣
ָ鷨űһֱƯǸкʹѧܵʦĿ佱һ˸߲ҵزμһ鷨רҵģֻһοӴ֪֮Լʲôˮ׼ˡ
ȻָűΪ椣Ф񻭵ĲҲԡҲֻҵѣ˵αȵǹ
֮ѧԸƣ˵黭һű䶼ǾԵĵһ
԰Ļ˵ȥ͵ġ
ؼǣ֪ξܲѧϰ黭űʦûУҲûð
ҲȥͣҪɽסǰ̡űﲻĬȻڴ˯ţŽξ

һӺ󣬶űɹξ
εξֲһˣһ®棬һʤѩͷɷǣʸ߾ű䲻֪˭
Ҫѧϰһӣͷʵ
űҪһѹȫ̸֮ҵһ
ͷҪ˭˺͸֮ʿϲȫһġ
űҵǸ֮ʿ黭޲ͨĴʦ
ͷǾѡɢ
űϲġɢйŴװƵһˣʲôζţʲô⾳Զ֮ͬɾ֮ࡣ
űԼҲûʲôӡÿ϶ԼˮƽߣӵıƸֱͻʵġ
ӲǺųʧ𣿺˵͢ġסзס
һӦܹסЩ壬Ϊ



36 սȥϺ
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ȵһ飬úᡣͷȻϸϴ֣˿ɣȻ۾
һ·ѾĳַǳĪ磬ſʼ١
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ͷıѾͶˣȫǳ
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Σͷʲô򣿵Ȼǿ⾳̫ߣܸһɾͲˡ
űΪѣΪòܹѵûи߳ȲϡѪġء
˵ϾǧŵһװĻɱõģ⾳ļ
Ȼ󣬶űװӵԣԡ
ӿɽҲͷͿʼѧϰɢ
űһһѧϰǧŵһװ
ʮ飬һٱ飬һǧ顭
ѧѧţ֪ǲǱϴˣű侹ȻľӺܺ⾳ǳ֮Զ·ֱӿֱӴЩʿ飬·ĵٱ
űˣԺ˭Ҫ˵ɢֱӿ磬ˮ׼ҲɢҲʮˡ
֮ɢӾǺţƣ⾳˭ҪǾòǾûˮƽǾӹס
ξУű䲻֪˶ٱ飬֪ѧϰ˶á
Ǽ죬Ǹá
ңξеʹʳʵʮԶĸҲʮѧϰĽҲʮֹ
͵һӣϰ˼ǧ鶼ֹ
ԼĲ˫ڵ٣ꡣΪȫо˫ֵĴڣѾľˡ
֪ѧϰ˶ã֪˶ٱ顣
ڰͷˣˡȻһˮ׼ǻѾļޣϰҲûʲôռˡ
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ֻһ磬űֱ˹ѾҪˣξ˾ŸСʱ

űϴϣȻȥѧԺſڼϣųǰϺ
ʱѧԺſĸ̫ԴŽ濴ĿгڴǵȻڵȶű䣬ڵȴĿеżϣһΪݣΪǾϻδ˵䣬ȻҪǰͽᡣ
ؼǾϵļ룬һѧĴԾӮˣҲܸں洴ʷΪҲɣźս϶ˬġ
ûеϣȴ˶ű䡣
ű䣿һ̫ʲôⲻĵط
ĸ̫ǰѾѡˣó黭ġʲôѧֻҪרע黭ҵֻȻһϼѵĹţ൱ִԺУίˡ
黭þˣö֮ҲԼǸˣ˵ѧԺ̫ѧԱͦƲġűڵһλ룬ȫеȻ͸Ʋˡ
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ԣʲôЦһ̫һ춼ûѧϰȻ˵˵ѧԺμӴԡ
ĸ̫ȻҲìܣǷǳŽģԼѧϰ黭ȼշǳţݲöűȥۡ
ǱҪȥַű䣬Զһʤѩƫƫӳˡ
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ϸ߰ȴֲеڳĸ˵ͷ⣬ĸ̫༤ͨ졣
ȻɵĹűз̵ģҹӣа˵Աӣ̫ûи̫δ˵䣿
ʦ֣λű侹Ȼ˵ȡȥμѧĴԣ̫Цˡһ̫Ȳڸ״ˣ͵Цһ㽲˳
˭֪ϵ˵ͷûȷʵ˳ˣλ
ܸղѾ˵˶ű֣ϻûмסжűͺ·˼һ
ԣű䡣ϵӦþλű䶥ң˵ѧԺμѧԡ
ʲôʱĸ̫ʱըˣ޲ֱӻӶȭͷű䡣
ôűʲôȫһѧѣʲôʸǵУʲôʸ˵ѧԺսΪ׵̫ȥֻѧԺˣУǱȥɽջس
ԣֱ˹ģҪж˵ķǣϷջ
ڴʱǵĽŲ𣬴ˣʵ˭Ҫջس
ʱĸ̫̹ڵɪɪ˵ջˣ̧ͷҡ
ĸˣ˵ʧ˵ĸҲעѪģĺò˵ؼԸʧ
˵һӶı䲻˵ʵ飬ѧһ黭Ϳ˵ˣԶԾӣԼһȣǺεȵ޳ܿЦ
ûʼƲԼսѣȥĽԼĵˣȫͽо
Ƴһޱ飬ͼǰ֮ͬ˺ֱģϲǲϲԲίߡ
ű䣬ĸѣкθдʵ
ű˼ˣûиǣԽԽ
˵úãĺӡ
ʱӶűһۣҲֻһۡ
ѧϣݼɽǰ
ȻܾΪӣҲͲת˵ѧԺˣȻҲͲѧˡ
ôȥͦԶģЩ
̬ȷǳ䵭ֱ
ϵѧʢ£ҲҪʶһ
šͷȻֱ
ĸ̫Ŵӵ棬űҲŽȥһţűһһţ˫μż֮ǳ֮ԡ
һƥĿ̬Ʈݡ

һ£һ˳Ϻ



37 Ϻ߲
УһƬεļž
ȵԵʱһ仰ҲҪ˵黭һҪ룬ҪѧԺ֪𣿡һ̫˼ž
űͬ׳һɽˣȷҪ˵
⻰һԷɫʱһ䡣
֮ǰűΪɽɽҲûбʾκȵľٶ˶öű˲ᱻı䣬ɽȻϣɼűԲ鰡
ʱѵű̫Ҫ¶ĵЦݣűϹ񡣱˵˵ȫСһҪͱ̫ࡣ
ȻȴΪ׵̫סˣǶйô׸ƣ
⻰˵Դǣղô仰˵أ
ʵλ̫ĻûѧĴԿ϶Ҫˡһˣǰ;Ҳûˣ򻧵ְλסѧԺɽҲˣ˵˵ȫɥȨ赳һɽΪ˴1500ĶѧﱻȥĹˡ
ǾҪˣҪһˣǾϣĽ
ûϣ䶨ˣѧԺʣµ4000ĶѧҲסˡΪ׵̫ʵ޷ɽΪҪ絽֮ȥɽջسϽԪȥ콭ԺϺս
ò˵ЩΪͶǴ󰡣Ϊ˰ͽϾȻԸðôķա

ִԼ900һ·糾֮ͣŸϵ
ȻʡڵأǳйģǷ̶ȣ˿ڹָΪкܶ˾֮ǰҲαңһʱܶפضһֱʮǰǨȥ˹ݸ
ϺһռĶĳׯ԰ӪȵһӦȫ˵ǵʵǹŴһƫѧְҵУ
뺷ϺĵһֱǳɫΪ۹˼֮һ˲ţͷȫǹΧʡԺʡĽŶӵ͵Ϻ
ϺȫʡĽһ˭Ҳǵľ޴
쵽ʱ֣һ˲ŸϵϺĴſڣǰӭӵϺĸɽ롣
Ǹˣǽȥӭ콭ԺŷɽˣӭϣҪǵˡƤЦⲻЦ
Ǳŵһܱһս˺󱳣˵Ϻ˸ɽеĽϺɽףģĹܱ٣ѹ˾˺պսʸǳϣλǳߡ
ʱףȥӭ콭Ժɽŷ̶ӭ򳣬ȻǴ֮⡣ҲǳĹٺ佫ȻҲìܣڶ˵˫йͬġ
Щ꣬콭ԺϺϻ˵ѧԺˣǧĶֵʮӡ
ţ·ɡ򳵭
ϺɽְѾ׼˾磬Ϊϴͬ
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Ҳá˳¿ûжҪ˼
һϺһԺаƬԺ㼸ʮĶϰټ䷿ӣż˴´ˡ
Ȼǹ˵ѧԺˣϾҲ˵ĳԱҲס
ס֮󣬼С̫Ϊ׼ʳ
ԡºݽţһʿˣ
ʱ˲ϲֱӴľȥӭӣβװģȷʵľλ

ѧԵ߲þߡ
µĴʦĴ塣黭޲ͨѧǡȥϣʻձĿǰݡ
ˣǰΨһԪߣ˽ԪԪ״ԪļڹȥղμӿƾٵģǿǿƾٿԵħʡݡûбԭ򣬾ΪĿƾѡ
˵ǰֱһ棬ʮͳΪ˴Ʒ߹١
ǣĺȴһ磬ΪĸĸĹټź佫ţڹٳ粽Сʮʹǹ٣ԭרעѧʡ
˵֣ΪٵʱĹټеԴȥΪһħɴ̿ȥɱǹ֮ЩĹټְΪʥˣʿһѧġ
Ϊ¸أΪ˸ÿһѧʤþûκ顣
ݼżơ򳵱¡
ңҡϽס򳣬һƽ񣬵Ĵ񡣡
򳻹һȥֿУԶƣҵʦ
򳣬̾ϢҲ곤ˣҲаͷˡǵõӱڤɴ̿;ʱ򣬻ʮꡣ
ڤɣĹټ֮һ¸ʡвҵɵй̩֪һľǱڤɷǷռõأǧĶԲŵ±ڤֱɳ̿Ͱܴɱ򳱣һѾˡ
ʮþˡЦ
Ȳ衣ȸԷ˲ˮȻϲμѧĴˡ
һΪΣ
ٳ֮ǰԷΪӣδ̳˵һλãҾܾˡ
üͷһ˼ѣ˵ڲȻںģ
һһ
һͱ˰1500ĶѧﻹС£ؼǰ;
ʱҲҲʱ̯ӣҲ˼׼ˡ
һȥȰ˵ϣ㡣Ϊ˵һԱӼŵ档
ǾͶлˡûֹǲһµġ
Ѯˣ湢ֱ򳲻ܾ̾ĺġ
ˣȥƽԪ˵
֮ˡ
һͬĻвμӴԵĸֱ̫࣬ͦͦǰߵ׵ΪѧԺ棬Ϊ˵棬ɽջسűμӴԵʸֻϽԪܴǻʤ֮ϲά˵ѧԺϺ档
˹Ȼӵ죬Ȼбƹˡ


38 ϣűһʮ
ʱκﶼ޷еķŭ
һֱ˵ѧԺ֮ڶǹ࣬ȴֲʡֻж̺ɱ
ѵЩС̫ʧȥ˾ηЩ⣬ǲ֪ɱ˶ˣ
ֻѧԺɽ̫ˣ˰򳵱һҪְλǶ򻧣
ĵЩѵλòˣǰȥͽϣ˻ûߣѾˣ
ŭ֮£޵˵ԱΪ֮ӻĿˣ
ܿľû̶Ƿͺûһĸ̫˵仰Ҳ·þеڵϲ
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⻰һȫ˺ȻЦ
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ĸʸλ˵ѧԱҲڹϯϳЦΪλϣüͷζԶűķкӡ
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ˣл˵ѧʽʼһաÿһѧԱȡ߷ִһߣϺ롣
룬ϼӣŽͣǰܵԼĽƿ±ǰڤɣʥѧ֮꣬ơ
¹٣ʼ࣡

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θܹĸˣѲɣ޻ǰ̫ٸǰڸѧʿ롣ÿһ˶¸أǲġ
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ѲɵͽһεѧԶΪ䣬99֣۵һΪԴġ
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ΪһԿɲϵ1500ĶѧҲ˵ϣǰ;
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ǣͷֶָű䣬ĶֶģϸϸסҼסÿһͰµĲƴӲӮ
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ʱΪԹߣűŷյĵһ־ȻǴƶһŮװӡƤѩףȴŨü۵ģԵӢ˲ƫƫֺ
Ů˶űִ˯ŵңȱԸֱһ˯֮˦ѡƫƫ۶ܵʮˣԸУϴ֮ǴŮ飬㾪㤲㤣
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ξеͷʵ̫ţˣȫɱɫ45Ӿʹȫʤ䡣
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Ͱͷ϶Ծˣɱذ
գͷҪǿһףСʱĶԾļ䡣
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Сʱף˫Ѿ֧š
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˵ԶűΧˮƽĵʸûУˮƽر
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ɫԽԽ죬ϵĺˮԽԽ֧࣬穣ԽԽӦԣ̫Ѩϵˡ
ԼͶ·ˣҪһ飬һΰܸű䣬ΪС̫ࡣ
ˣһ䣬ͷҲص뿪ˡ
ȫһĻű侹Ȼɱ˾֣
С̫࣬ȻҪͲļģ



42 Χڣ鷨˵
ڳļһξˣűӮ𻹿˵Ӯˣǿʵˡ
Ϊ˵ѧԺɶűһ˳սһͶͿ飬û뵽Ȼôţ氡
ŷ̶ףĵɫѾǳѿˣöűӮ˽ıǾЩΣˡ
ģûļĶ֣űҲǡԱߵĸɽ
仰˶
ûļǲܵģڹʡϷûһļ֡
㼸ˣļδһܡ
ļֿµռģǿ֮Ŭܶôѵ֣ļӭж⡣
˵黭ҪʱĻۣΧȫǿ츳ˡʥжٶǶʮģʤ
ʥǲܵģֱʹ˾ãųʧܵζ
ļһţܵţ

յվʼˡ
˭Ҳû뵽Ķű侹Ȼɱ˾ļĶ档
˼סŶ˶ġ
Ȼɱѷѽ⡣
ǣ˵һĻһγˡűɲҪκ˼ÿһζֱӣ塣
ļȫܵӰ죬ΪӪô¾ô¡
һСʱȥˣСʱȥˣСʱȥˡ
ŷ̶ף忪ʼһ䣬ΪļԽԽˣűɲҪκ˼ֱӡ
ֹȻҲԤݵûһġ
СʱļеӾþò£һֲô¶ˣûϣˡ
ˡļ̾Ϣһ䡣
ȫһƬţȻһȻ¶ȫŵ֮ɫ
Ӧһΰʱ̰ɣ겻ܵȻսˣ
ʱǲӦñֵһЩڼ֤ʱ̰Ƕűôӣ˺డ
ǽļľٶ˶űϣվ󣬳ŶűϹл֣һ֣ҵ˲ĵĿ֡
űϽеļл֣лл

ѧԵĵڶű˵ѧԺһδȫʤ
ű仹û³̱һȺ˵ʿ̧ƴס
̫ˣ
Щ˵ʿÿһζͶμѧԣÿһζûͷÿһζ˼Ц޷̧ͷ
һӮˣܾʤо룬Ѿ㹻ü

Ϻڣ
նű䣬ζӮˡŷ̶ն򳲻λɵĹʶ
ףĺŷ̶֮⣬ڻˣѲɣǰ̫ٸ롣
λ˵¸أʤ֮鷨ԵȻҪŷ̶Ǳ˵ҾõɵҪִ˵ô˫Ĭıȡͬ档ɱλˣҵӶҪˣ˾ǱµһȮ飬ɱ񣬷ɱ𡣡
ɵ˵ͷˡ
ǰ̫ٸŷ̶̾Ϣ֪ҲģҪڲˡ
ŷ̶ҲȻ鷨͹ˮ׼ǼߵġűҲȫţպ˵ã鷨ͻ滭ϵ裬ͺѽˡ
ףĵȻֶʮþȣҪȷһʧԾͰλˡ
ףĺŷ̶ȥ
ðɣǶ֪ôˡգλűζӮˡ

ͬʱҲ̸
ʱѾܱýˣΪ֮ǰȫûӮϣʱȻʤ֮ôܲ֡
ȣҶԶűǲġߵˮ׼֮ߣΪպҶȴװǲҵΪˡ
ϽµһӣزҪһʶ
ȻҲϲɻֹͼ˽ףһŹġ
һµл

ʱĶű䣬ף˯ˣȲڽξ
յ鷨ǳ֮ѣű鷨϶ǲһӵġ
ҪӮ͡ɢһҳһǧ겻ľֱӰ˸𵽣鷨費ڵʵֱƷɱ
ôйǰĻУһ鷨ƷΪ𺳣֮Ϊһأ
Ȼʥ֮ġͤ򡷣鷨ȫǺ˵Ʒɱɱ
ؼǣûнû֮ûСͤ򡷡ű鷨ʥƷҳֻɱȡɢҪ˰˭ҪǸҷˡͤ򡷣ôŻΪ˼еЦ
鷨ıȻѣȵһ
űֻҪƴġͤ򡷣ʮ򿪷ġһǧ飬һ飬մﵽԭ漣99.9%ƶȣ;Ӯˡ
ֻҪ鷨ӮˣһĻ滭ñˡ滭ڶű˵Ӧûаյˡ
֣ŵӣʯϺӮ
йŴʷ滭ƷеɱּƷӦǡϺͼƷʵ̫̫ˣһҹξűѧģ99%ġϾ鷨
ؼǣűġʲôã
Ϻͼγ粢Сһڣôɱͼˡ
ԣյ鷨һҪӮͤҲһܹɱȫ
Ȼξгˡͤ򡷵漣Ǹͷһγˣֻһη˱仯Ȼ·֮ӡ
ξУڰͷָ֮£űһһġͤ򡷡
ʮ飬һٱ飬ٱ顭
ű䷢֣½ֻġҲѰҪﵽ90%ƶȺܼ򵥣95%ϵʱ򣬾ͷǳ֮ˡ
Ƥѻǰ
ѧᡶͤ򡷵κףҪѧ񣬾̫ˡ
ͨˣѧᡣҺöűξ򱻿ʮаͷ·֮Խ⡣
ÿһν⣬ű䶼ܾã¶ġ
ξУʱȥһһ죬һһ졣
űġٱ飬˰ٱ飬һǧ顣
ʮΣʮΣʮΡ
ġġͤ򡷱ԽԽ㡣
95%96%
գﵽ99%
ˣ㹻ˣû漣ĶԱ£ġġͤ򡷿ȥѾѾܹսʤκζˡͷȻֱʧ



43 ǧŵһ鷨
ͷˣűû뿪ξ
ΪҪԡͤһ޸ģһ;꣬ڹһҪĳźʱ䣬ֵҲҪһ޸ģ޸ĵķȲֻҪźɡ
֮һʼ޸ģΪҪѧϰÿһֵϺζֻյһ̶֮󣬲ȥ޸ġ
ΪԷһξġһЩ˵ƷϲĿݣкһʦκ
Ȼֻǳġѧϰ˼飬ˮƽǾԱȲġġͤ򡷡
Ϊξ൱ʵʮġЩҵĽҲǳ֮졣ܹܿġΣ񻹱ȽԶ

űһֱξ֮УȻһѡ۾Ȼ
СˣˣԿʼֻвʱˡС̫Ŷֹ
ű𴲣Ѿվ⣬ŵⲽʱȣǾԲ˺Ѷűġ
Ͻϴһ緹
Σʵ
űʮþȡ
ϲ֮

յ鷨ԣʽʼ
ÿһѧԺɳȻ˵ѧԺֻжűһˣʮһ˲μ鷨ԡ
ʮһˣվʮһǰϰõıīֽ⣬רŵĥīġ
ʱеĿⶼڶűϣС̫ȥıʵϹ˵ȫ⧲ôӮ
գҿܲٴ漣ܲӮùһӴͷһӣ黭˫Լ൱ˮ׼
һС̫ѾΪűĥīűëʣ۾ʼζξеĸо
Ȼ󣬽ʵеһ֮ԺȫԼ硣
һ۾űѾҾ磬ֻеıʡ
պ˱ʣűֱӻӺīʼϺõֽ׫дǧŵһ鷨ͤ򡷡
д˼֣˼͵һ͵شλվ
ŷ̶ףɫ˲԰ףһۡ
ǰ̫ٸ͹Ѳɸʹر۾Ƕ鷨ľӢȻһӾͿ˶ű׫дͤ򡷵ľ֮
һǧƪһǧ겻
鷨ƷǰǸɢҪɱ
ڵ鷨ǺܸߣҲֻѧϰ͵ġűƷ鷨ȫûмģȻۣѾʼϵˡ
ȻΪű޸ĹطƪϼƷؼֱ֣ӡ˵Ժ֮ڣ޷γˡ
ÿһ֣оһ־һƳ׵ĸо
ؼǣ鷨ƷûģκһͰէһֱϢʿУֱһˣܻЩۣкܴķչռ䣬ҲǾˣЩױӹ֬׷۱ֱ֮
ֻҪ۾Ϲκһʿ򶼲Ὣ䡣ˣҪô۾ϹˣҪôǾϲ⡣
֮űƷȫǲսʤİ
ţƾţٴδģ¡
ű䣬һ
Ķű䣬죬һǳɣѡͤ򡷵İٶȫд꣬һֽ
д֮󣬶űվǰ̲ͣס
ġģˮ׼ȷʵߣξϵͳɹһɻҪã漣ƶѾ99%ˣҪ˵ҲֻϺ͹ףҪʱġ
Ȼˮ׼Ѿ㹻ɱȫˡ
Ϊʡһӣԭ鷨ˮƽǼߵģдҲ侪ޡѧϰǰ鷨ղ塣
д÷ǳǳãѾѧϰ̫ˡûжűͤ򡷵ĳ֣ڵ鷨ƷǷǳĿġ
Ȼ˶űɱּƷǴڣͬ˵ƷԵ޹⡣
ű䲻һսıվһйǧʷ
Ϊһӣʮ߰о٣ǹԪȻٵ־ڽԼ鷨Ʒʱǰģǳ˱ģԵõġûаκ˵ɶ֣Լǽľǣ˶ġ
ڶű䣿
ʵ˵ȫû鷨Ϻһϸµ˼̫ˡ
ҴڵĶֻһˣǾԼ˶۾鷨ǲӣ
ұûг۾֪˶ڿңľ
˶ڶʼңŮӶڰĽңе곤߶ңΪβǵӵܡЩǴĵʵס
д֮󣬴̬ëʷ£Ȼȴ˵Ϳ佱
Ȼ
ȵ̧ͷʱ򣬷еĿⶼϣеĿⶼڶűϣ׼ȷ˵Ʒϡ
ڰĿ⳯ŶűġͤһۣȻ˲ͷƤ飬һ
ҲݡűҲ
ڵ鷨ܸߣһ۾Ϳű䡶ͤ򡷾˵ɾ͡ؼһȫµ鷨Ʒûѧϰκûʦκˣһȫϵ鷨
ͤ򡷱֮ǰűɢҪ𺳣Ҫɱ
һɱּƷ˭˭
κʱǵģڴʱȻΪġ
ȻʱܵıϣΪ˱Эϧһ˳뽫Ͼ·λ
Ȼû뵽ûףű侹ȻֵĸӾޡ
Ϊʲôƾʲô
ű䲻һֱһΪλ˿µĲŻ

ֵʱ̵ˡ
ŷ̶ΣĿ̴̵ֱŹɣĵλߡΪأʱͲҪͱˡҹɶѾӦ˽ô鷨ϻʤǴʱͱվߵڰס
ǰ̫ٸ룬Ѳɶ˭ҲԸȿڡ
ǲ£¶űԳɫһ㣬ǶָǿѹͶűķ
ȻűóľȻһɵ鷨ƷעҪʷġܻۣҪʱĴĥҲҪʷġ
˭ͤ򡷣˭ͻʷ³
ɲԸ⣬ӲԸⰡ
С̫డ̫˰Ҫ˰



44 
Ͼǰ̫ٸֱӱ۾Ըȿڡ
ʱѲɱѡˡ
ܵһӢ̾ϢűǱҪȥģǶĹټŵıѡ
Ǹ̬Ӳԣ˽ĺ˶Ĺټž͵Ѫùˣɶûкӹ˱ȥ
ʵű䣬ǰ㵯ġɢԼģзֵĹף
թĶűһӾɵĻ֮зֵĹס
˵⡶ɢԼģҲҪŰЦ󷽵ġֱΣįʵĪĸоǶűСóġ
ɵͤǴ鷨ʥƷأġ˺ܾðɣ
Ҫѹű䣬֤ű䲻鷨ƷĵһдߣֻġߡĻǾ㹻ɰķˡ
űˣͤ鷨ԼƷûġκˡ
ɫһССͣŲ鷨ʥƷ㻹첻ô壬ʵݹҵ顣
һ͵վˣҪˣåǾ˺۸𣿡
۾΢΢Ŀ罣ڳܶ˾޴֮ѹ
κһ仰ſ˵ģ˵ҪɱˣĻɱ˵ġոɱ˴ϼ岻°ˡ
Ϻף͵ȵҪһ㣿
ֱӰν룡
ȻֱӾҪ³ףĶֹ֣۵ġ
űǺĽԼλɵǵ͵˺ݻడֱӾǱ٣ֿɱ
ףݶҪҧˣĺ޲³һսĲܡ
书ǼߵġΪףĲ壬ľɱ֮ףܹɱ򳣬ԼҲһ
򳲻ϧףĻǰϧģϾнٻܼʮꡣ
ˡ͵һӵ򳣬¡
Ѿ¶ˡ˭ҪǸжűˣ͸ڹһɵ˺˽Ӳʮϰˣġ磬ĹټĳԱûиɾġ
ѲϷҪһ죬Ϊ⽮ҪΪ͢ʡ
ɫѿܿ¶һЦݵű䣬˵ͤԼƷġģ
Ȼű˿м壿ڳмͤ鷨
ͤǽƷûнȻҲܻ֮ͤ͡򡷡
ֻҪǶҶűġ
Ŀһ֤
ű۾һԷû֤ͤ򡷲ǶűƷǶűָ֤ͤƷ
ô֤òʲô֤ݰ
һʡѲҪûе߰
ȫɫЩѿѲԾˣˣ鷨ֲ˵
ͷ·˱˵ıҪ˵˵ı㺰Ӧ
űĿʱʧȥ˹¶һЦҪ֤⡶ͤҵƷġģܼ򵥰
о𣿡ű
Уһ˵ʿȲ˳ȥܿһþãűǰϥµСˣơ
˵ʿūͣԳƶűΪСˡ
űһ˴룬ȫ𣬾ͷ
īűȵ
˵ʿǰΪűī
űǺʣպī֭ѩ׵ֽдµƷ
ǲŵ磬ȱȻ̣ΪʤСʫԷġϣӢѡǰ컪Ϊʮ;ߣ˺ͶʹһС
ġġǰֻȥ֣ĳ˱֡дѵ龰ܹܲôɡ
˭йʷǰ鷨ңҲǶűϲһ֮
дƷ֮󣬶űֺһھƣһǰֽϼīд˼κ֡
ʮǧ
һΣġǺһʦĽκ
ȻһھƣһϣӺīд˵Ʒ
Σīˡ
ΪһġĿƷʡ
֥ǣƳ
Ʈu뵹ûϼ
ȪC𻪡
ۿҺˣʼ
Ŷűġдϣڶʱﵽ߳
֮ݣʯ쾪ƫƫűѡסʡպ潲кۺĸĵʣ뾰ĵʣǿԿġ
ξУűѧϰ꡶֮ͤԾɲģġѧϰ鷨ҵƷľһ̡
ǺһʦκġǰֻĿݡʡűҲǷ˸˳ңó㲻Ͼ
ǣڡ֮ͤóһóƷǴĳǺ˵ˡ
дݡʡ֮󣬶ű佫һھ¡
ۡȻ󽫾ȫϣȻװƷѲЩܹ֤ҵġͤ򡷲ġ𣿡
ȫһľš
űдķƷķȫһȴֶԼľӡǡÿһˮ׼иߵͣǿ֮
ͤзֵѵƷҲз֣ġģ
ЩƷóһǾűô˴ɣһӷôഫô˶ֲ˰ĴôֻһϹŴģͷҼˣΪʼղ
ֻ֤һ飬űһţһֱѰʺԼ鷨Բϱã͵Ʒѡˡͤһ񣬲Ҿ󾫡
ôȻű鷨軹ԵۣڲŻϣƷϣʳѹ˴ڡ
űžƷ裬ѲˣЩ㹻֤ĻһУ
¼飬ˣ鲻ˣʼְɡѲ㿪ʼ
ʱκﶼеķŭžرڿ
ɣһᴫϷΪһӵ۵㣬÷⽮ȻһС̫ˣһѧϡ
ʱűֻһопɽˬ
ѲԿַ㡣
ű䱳վ򳣬վ˵¹ΪѲҲ޿κΡ
ɵһ۵㣬Զű޷˽Ƚ϶ԣڵƷӳ죬Ҹűġͤ򡷴93֣ڵġɽ97֡
Ȼ˺ƤҲνѹűˡ
һȫһͺ


45 ʤľ֣˽
ڵηǳֻҪ۾ϹԿóű鷨ƷӽܳΪ翪ϵ
ٳɫҲѧϰģ֮ƷС
ѲɴһʾڹȻƫ̻ˡ
ֵǰ̫ٸˣޱȺڽϣòװݣȻҪڲˡ
ǵϣҲΥ档Ȼ̫ٸڸ󣬵ûȨӦһȨߣ̫ٸǰθ
ˣļ壬궼ҪĹټŵչˡ
ԣϷһˣԲϵֻܷ鷨֮ߵ͡ҾôڵҪһģԴ97֣ű93֡
˺͹Ѳһģһķ
£ȫ˲仩Ȼˣ
ܺõİû뵽Ҳ˵ġȻʵߵڰףȫ۾˵Ϲ
ֵ˷޻ˡ
ˣǰĶץҵĶӣթӣұб˽ˡ޻Ҷ˵ʵûʲôøУҷǳɵǣҺĹټ佫Ŷˣ׼ҡ
⻰һȫɫ䡣
޻һˣڵıٻȨǰûеģҲû˰ҵһ¡ǡˣ۾ݲðɳӣ˵ðٻ˲أҲýˡ90֣ű99֣ʣµһҲ֪ΪʲôҪۣ۵Ǻ㽾
޻ķһףĺŷ̶ɫ˲ޱѿ
ȥ˹ɵĹûȥ޻ΪòҪ
޻Ĺ佫Ŷ׼ң˵гԸҪƫ̻Ҵʱ޻ŷ̶ףĵҪΨǴӣȥ·ûʲôͷģû뵽쾹Ȼֱӱ
ֵˣֱվ
һ߲þˣԺҾӲʲôҲҪˣҪһλҪ˵ҲӦǡǽһҪ˵ģҺͷһ鷨Գɼ90֣ű99֡
ʱŷ̶ףģɣɫࡣȻȴ޿κΣյ鷨Իѳɶ֣űһӮˡ
ǲ޻ΪԼƻصģܲĿ֮Ʒ޻С
жѧԵգ˵ѧԺűʤ
ꡭڴ󲿷˵ԱѾߺ
ĳűһʮǰȫʤôһñˡľʤԷҲŤת˾ˡ
˵ѧԺǰףʤˣ
滭һڻҾûбҪ˰ɡˣҾֱ˵ѧԺѧʤˡ
ŷ̶и飬֪˸Ҳҽӣ
˵
ŷ̶ѧӦýвȥ˰ɣһˡ
϶вȥˣĹٺ佫ѾҪˣô䲻ʧȥ˹ԣԾȫûдڵıҪˡ
콭Ժɽŷ̶ǲľʤüƷơÿһÿ߷ĳ󣬷ߵһʤ
ʱԹ߶ȥˡ
ʵ̫޳ˣľʤȻôƷˣ˻ƶȡһű価ӮǰյıԣֻҪһ滭Էرͣǻ᳹ԡ
յ֣Ӯģָô֣
ŷ̶Ҫλþˡ
ĸþ˼֮󣬶ձԸ˷
˵ѧԺű䣬98֣Ϻļ95֣콭Ժ88֡ӦǱȽϹġļȻˣͶűĲǳǳ֮С
Ϻμ鷨Ե룬յķ90֡鷨̲ؽ⣬κʱǼȳɫģûа취Ķűġ̫ͤˣġֻΪ˱
һ˵ѧԺűǰķֱǣ99.13֣98֣96֣ܷ293.13֡
Ĺټ콭Ժǰֱǣ99֣88֣93.5֣ܷ280.5֡
佫Ϻǰֱǣ94.5֣95֣90֣ܷ279.5֡
ջƣ˵ѧԺűȵڶ13֮ࡣյĻ滭ԣп13ֵ˲͸֮ˮֱӴʤʧܡ
ԣĻ˵ѧԺǾԲܴӦġ
ŷ̶ûƶȣյĻ滭ԼС˵ѧԺӮˣǲ1500Ķѧø㣬֮ǰ6000Ķѧȫ黹ǡ
⻰һĿһȫȻ
֮ǰĽѧ䣬˵ѧԺȫˣ6000Ķѧʧ15
Σŷ̶Ȼһӽ6000ĶѧΪעνݰ
ȻˣΪҲӦ
ŷ̶͵һҧټ5ӡ
򳻹ҡҡͷ
ףĺټһ룬ϲǸǲǴӦıҲӮˣ͹˵ˡ
ӣȫ
սʣֵֹӡ
Ĺٺ佫ΪӮһδԣΪλȻϧó˳ʮӵĴΪ룬Ƿˡ
׶ʼ鴤ʵ̫ˣûдӦǳűֵӣ
ȻĺʹŶűǰһƧڡ

ӣʲôҶͬ⣬ԸеκΡ
仰ֵ
Ӯˣ˵ջ޴棬ĸʴһѹķͷűҲΪ˾޴󹦳
Ȼˣܵĳͷ˵ѧԺɽλöסΪѾӮˣһٲŻűȴҪеκΣǹ˵֮ǡ
ԲӮű䶼кôȴ֮
ɽ˸ô޴Ĵۣһ᲻ֶȥӮűָ¹Ϊߵڰף޳ܵס
ͷԣһ˺ƤĹټŵκ˶ѿǵķգǳ֮޴󡣡
űɽú˼һ£
ͷã㡣
Ȼ˳ȥ¶űһƫƧķڡ

ű۾ξ
Ķľ֣
Ŀ꣺ӮյĻ滭ԡ
1ű˵ѫֵ5˵ѫֵ20ﵽ70֡ѫֵ100ʱֱ
2ű侫1030



46 ˵ľսǬת
ӳξʱ䱶ʵпԴ߶书ؼӳʱ䣬Чʡ
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ʧܵĳͷҲ̫ˣ˵ѫֱֵӼ30ֱӾҪȥػˡ
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ȻöűȫȨű䲻ҽľ֣ôĻʧ
űӦˣϲ񡣾һˣνһУΪʧܵĳͷȫһͷϡ

򳷵ص֮УŷɽףɽһľֶĵĲ1500ĶѧδǻףԶעҪӡ
콭Ժɽŷ̶ǧĶѧһѾܹˣټԸֶˡ
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ѧɽڹͬһԼǩԼ֣ҰӡǧǰʼһµĶľ֡
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ȫ˶ס־Ķǵĸоû뵽ҾȻ֮󣬼ֱ˵
ʡĹ٣佫˵ìܣҲڴʱ˲䱬սһ˽ᡣ
һ˭Ҳ䲻Ķľ֣

صס֮ˣȥĶǧʿ͹֣öܸ֡
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ĸֲΪ˱ԼͶű䣬Ϊ˱޻˲ʤĹؼֻǻֹɺ͹룬Ѿ˺ƤǵıֻȽ޳ܡ
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ԶűѡһйŴġ
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ٿͼҲͬˡ
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ղμӻ滭ԵƷ֮󣬶ű̽ξ֮Уʼɽͼġѧϰ
Ȼξ֮󣬲ûгѧϰ龰ֱεջᷢ顣
ǰԤݵξ
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취ֹĻξһʵ޻ȨűԣɱԾű䱻ɱ
Ťת档


47 ű֮ɱ
ؼ޻ҵȨԭ򣬲ı
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ɫ࣬ϼ΢΢Ѿˣ޻˫̥˽ʧ١
ķӦν죬򳼸һʱȥ޻ļˣ˽ӡˣȻĹٺ佫δѣͶ޻ļˣֻһ£̽޻˽Ӱߡ
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ԡٵزѾκζԼ޻ôԼӵ
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ͷã̳ǰݸϹ
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űĴͼǹ֮绨ѩµĹ֪ҪȥˣԿϹֻҪʱϵűʤ
űɿس緹ǰãμѧһıˣű˵Ĵľ֣ʽ

ʡѧԣһձʽʼ
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ʱѾɳ˼ȥѰ޻˫̥˽ˣǷܹɹö֪űξУҲûг˽ӵ䡣
ԣϣֻܼϹˣϣܹʱϵֻҪܸϵűԼĴͼѾ
űһʮϺ콭ԺɳʮѡֲμӽյĹԡ
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ҽһʱ䣬űѾҳʡɢϾȥıʵ̫ˣȫ
գ˶űƷҪξ޵ı֣ǰ޽ͻΧ
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48 űѹȫ֮
յĴͷϰһ˿ҪһѪ֮սʤű䡣׼ƷǡͼȻƲ㣬µ콭ϣδˣ£ˮˮеĹ𻨵Ӱ
⾳Ǻܸߵģҷǳ֮ѡϣµգ߻ǲġĻмҪֳҹҪһһֳԹ׿鼫ߣҲõóƷ
֪ԼӮˣΪѾעҪڹϽ̶űˡ
ȻǳϧǣŻѪڴ˵ĿⶼŶűĻֽϡ
һűһνҵ磬һ֧ǳϸëʣʼھ޴ֽٶȷǳ֮졣
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ͨ˿Ŷű仭ͼ÷ǳģҲûоöô˲𡣵ֻҪǰٻϵ٣ϵĹһܵ˼𺳡
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ͼ㹻׼ȷĻǿֱӽ׸ʵ۱µģҲֻܽ׸ʵ۱¡

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һȫͼʵ̫ˣÿһζҪǧˣķѼʱɡһƳ֮Ҫһ꣬Ȼһʱ䣬壬·ȵȣѾ˾޴ı仯
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һ仰伯ŶԻʵ۵ʵ̬ȡ
ףĵѾѡˣⲻ˵飬Ĺټź佫ŵļ־

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ֻűͼһɵɫʣ˸޷ˡҷͼǺԣԾǺԡ


49 ѪϹ֮
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ͼǹ֮Ӧ׸ʵ۱£Ӧﵱչʾҽǻ滭ԣͼǹ𣿡
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ű䣬㲻ҪɫóôһƷԲ˳εķϣһ50֣Ҫֱֵġڴڵͼֱǹ屦ҹʡ֮⾳֮ߣ֮ҵȶĪԣҸ98֡
⻰һȫ׻ȻЩɣλѲ÷⽮ȻѿǷ˼޳ܣһ涼Ҫ
ɵ֮ǰ̫ٸ̽˹ȥͼ˲𣬵ǹҵ̬ȺѲһűͼ50֣ڴͼֱǼʮ겻ĹƷҽŷ̶ɽղأΪԺ֮ÿһԺѧԺȥհԴڵͼҲ98֡
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ϹһοҲһοǵļɽ
Ӣףΰһһȣ׳־ȼյĸо



50 մʤԻҫ
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ȻϹ˵ѧԺűĻ100֡
ŷ̶ףĵɫ˲䷢࣬ɥ
ϹȱͼУĿ̧ɨȫôˣ˭޳ɣ˭ԣ
һ˲䣬λ˰졣

ǣ޻̹¡
ŷ̶ףޱȵʹ޺ͿɬȴҲܿڷΪÿһѧ߲þ߶λϹѧͬġֻȱǹҼңûѡˣ˭ܾܾ
Ϲָ޻˭˫̥˽ӰߵģͻȥоֵˣȫɱûУ
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޻ǰֱӹµлϹ
ϹһŽ߿ûϢĶȻ۸ѫŶ
ȻпȾơ
಻ҡ
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Щ˵һߡ
ϹĸߴıӰʧڴźսһҲûеȥˡ
ֵ뿪ʮӣȴȫò˵һ仰ҴֱŤת˴ԵĽ
Ӣ۴ɷĪڴˡ
ףĵŷ̶һۣɫޱѿ
ѾӮˣʱǰǰ
6000Ķѧ10ӣһ󣬹ؼôʤδͷܵˡ
ʧ׶֮ʹ
ɣ룬ŷ̶ףλû˵ֻн
ǽݷǳ£ǳΣա
ǲҪƷϹľ飿ǲҪϹȱ
ûϹʱǵ̬ޱȹףֱӹ˵ϡϹ֮ǵĿоǺ⣬żɱ
ƬϣǲηκˣϹΪ伯Ź֮󣬱漯ţռŴ󲿷ֵĲƸ
۾λȻϹߡ̸ڵ漯ţϹҲֻһϹԸб˽ңȻḻɵйƫƫб˽ңҪ취ΪʮＯãö죬ҪպڰͷŮ˽׬Ǯ
ԣֻҪɣ룬ףģŷ̶λͳһ־ǿԺϹǿƷľġ
ǣǷֵôܲô
ǲܣ漯ֻϹ֮²ſƴեȡ۹ĲƸſ԰ĵ𹫷˽ſ԰ٻ
ûϹϣϼʡ̻ңӻứ䣬˾췴սһ漯ŵص̲ƸȵȶḶ֮һ档
Ϊ˾ӵ͡ǧ˾ͿԹݸ¾
ڴʱȻܼĽŲ
ǧʿ˾ӿϺһ
ףŭ˵ıΪܹϺ
һ佫µղϹϺļӣ˵װҲûӿ˽޷赲
ŷ̶򳣬ʲô˼
˲أ˵ͻӲء
ףЦѵϺ䲻ɣ췴
űӮˣһ޷ġ˭ҪǸҵߵڰףϹľֻּ˵£ɱˣºԼĨӰˣ
ûκ˸һ־˵һΪˣĹٺ佫ŲŻƴҪŪȥ
룬ɣŷ̶ףĵֽڣ˵ͷ
콭Ժɽŷ̶Ϻף̻Цˣϲˣ
䶨
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ʱȫ
һ
˵Ա󲿷ֿȫվơ
̫ˣ̫ˣ̫˼ˣ
ӵһ쿪ʼűͲϵش漣һʮôʤ
˵˲𣬵彵٣űӦеʤ
ʱűпУΪ貵ǣΪ˻Ӣۡ
˵Ŀǣǻ飬ӯ޷
ͬһ㣬оԴģ·Ʈ˿һ㡣ʮΨΪϲΪܡ
Ŷű䣬񿴵ʮ֮˵֮ǿ
·𿴵˶ʮ֮󣬵۹ˣ֮Ի͡
ûţҴעˡ
ŶűãȻһһӣӽԺҵʹֻһǾǴһκδֻۣΪһɳ졣κĿҲֻһΪ·Ϊ˵һˣеһжҪΪĿòΪ˴ﵽĿ꣬ҲϧκΪУҲϧɱͷʬ
ǡű乪¡
ǵʱ䲻ˣϣܹʮꡣϣʮ֮һͳ˵ɨڣ˴۹



51 ޴ض
Ļűоѹɽ
һͳ˵ɨڣ绽굱Ȼˬ
ЩĹ佫ŷɥɻɢȻҪģ붼ޱȹ񫡣
ǵȵֵ100ָ֮Ҫ˯ĸ˯ĸһӡ
˴ǲеذ
ڼȶּᶨĿ󣬶űоȻҲһĪʹС
ߣΪȥȼ

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һ¡
ʱԭҪμӴԵĸ̫౻Ѻ˽Щ˾ȻڹؼʱƹϵĴȣȫ޳ܵıѺͶ
ӣĸͽδãǻ˵㣡
ʱĸ̫̹ƴڿͷʹɽɽ
һ˻飬ŶűĴȵʦһӸţ
˵ĸ̫ȻЩͶԭеظġűı̫ˣǼøɸɾ»ָ˵̰׸ˡ
ԣǲҪһͽ϶űȣӴ˼Ȯ졣
űĸˣеΪѰշΪū̫ˣ˶һûõ飬ֻ黭ƨûС
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ǻҲӦ˵ģѲɻҪűԺǣЩ˶ڽ仭ȦȦ
ҪȻɱˣű
ĸʿűĻֱһѽĸ̫ఴڵϣ䡣
ৣĿԴҽж
ɱúá˵ͽֻ·һ
ţΪȼϾظˣףһ磬ǾҪµ̺ͷܶˡ
ϣűȵȵð
ű˯ûΡ
ӰĶľɹ
ű˵ѫֵ510ɽ졣
˵ѫֵ20ﵽ70֣ý
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ҶΧϢĸ֪һ˼ٶҲ֮
⣬žǾˡȻ֮ԶԶֹڴˡȵʼʱ򣬾ǿ֮ͿԱֳˡ

ڷعָʮƱǧĶһĵض飬۳Ϲӣ˵ѧԺջ񳬹30ӡ
һĲƸ˵ѧԺ⼸ľѼҲû֡
ѾҰĲʾ޴ĲƸ˵װ
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Ȼǰ;ʮӵջ㲻ʲôˡ
˶ſЦ˶ڹ˵ѧԺӮˣһ˾ʤ㹻˵ڲ
ʻǹȾ֣ĽŲǰһ
һȫҪ鹦ڶű䣡
˶γ䶨ԼǶűƾһ֮ŤתǬûԻʤغȻҲľ޴ͣûݻűҲ类˶ɰ˿ˡ
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ӦûΪʹɡ
ڹʡ߳ʹ򻧣֮һְλʹܱƽ൱ڸʡԱԭйʷƷҪһġ
ʹֽһϼ޻̬϶ˡ󲿷ʱں棬ֱӺĹ佫ҵĳͻ
һѧԣ˹غ˵ϵĴ£λͷӶûвμӣȻҲҪڼǰͳðԮƽһ¡
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Цɵӣ򻧵ʹǹؼԵһҽʱ͹һأѾ֪ˡ
ű˵λʹ˺ǺܶԸ
߳ȥˣҲѯʴ𣿵űˣһ׼Ĵʾĺܶ࣬ú١ڹ˵ײĹ佫ʲôͻַǰɱ
ˡűȥڹȥ쵼
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ڶű֮ʣȻһʿǰˣ
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ű䣬㣬ңʲôĿģ
űתѧ˵ѧԺң
Ӯѧ֮ͷ̫ͣ׵ķͷһ취㣬ѹ㣬ԲɲϧԳ
Ƭ̺ϳǰµɽˣҪתѧ˵ѧԺΪµһѧԱȫ
˵⻰ʱĿŵģ۽ȴʼնŶű䡣
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Ҫñҵ󿼵һѾˣҪһϣõһѶһֹ
ؼǶ᲻һűǻᱻϵͳĨɱİ
˵ѧԺЩӢòһ㰡
ȻűӮѧԣҵܼӷ50ǿ50ֶõһĻǾӮˣ˵УűҲˣʤ֮䡣
Ϊ˴ѹűķͷϽ֮·Է伫
ûлشϣ˶űΣӦôӦ𣿡
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ǶűдŭϴЦðٻӭˡ
ȻˣãкȻҵĶӣǾͻӭϼҹ˵ѧԺ
ںǶűҲӦϵսڱҵ󿼻ǲںģΣǹؼսۣںһһصĵʧ
ǣűıҵһµ·ϡ



52 ű֮
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ĺ͵һ˷ص֡
˵ѧԺʱ򣬶űܵǰδеĻӭ
֮ǰܹĴֵˡǧӭӣ죬ƮƮɽ˺
һζűȺе·˼ףαǡ˳۵Ŷű䣬˵еķҪһɳˡ
˭뵽ű侹ȻȡϣѧĴȹ˵ѧԺˣ
˭뵽Ƨ黭˸ߵ裿˶֪һ飬űҪɻڴˡ
ΣűΪӢۣȹ˵ѧԺӢۡ
棬ɫǳ֮ѿȴֲֹܺϣű䣬ʽģʱϵ˲Ż֯Ĵϡűӣʱֻ뽫ñ˵ǡ
ɽ͢ǰµϲɽϲɽҹ˵ѧԺδй֮Իʹʤһжɽ֮Ӣ
ͷ˵ڼҲˡ
͢űűͬѧ治Ǿǵӵܣ黭ͨҿҲõȱҵˣűΪ˾޴ͣӦְ̰λ֮һҪ͡˾˾֣֯в˾ְѡ
⻰һ¶ޱ۵Ŀ⡣ЩλȨƣʵͰ
ûлش𣬶ɽĿű䣬ԼӦԡ
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͢һ㵣û뵽űôΪǫ鼸ء
͢Ҫ󼫸ߣҲɭϵúܡűѧ黭һͨ·һѧ߰ɣʺְ
͢ڿűѧ񣬾Ҫ漣⻷·δ˵ѧԺʤֻΪųѣʱ𣬸ҪҪְϡ
ȻԴ͢ЦȻϹأű˴󹦣Ҫ붫Ҳǲɣڶڰһְһɽϡ
˵ѧԱűĿǶʼ
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ű䣬ô롣
űԴǵҪ붫ԲᱻнȥҪԼı£ҵıҵ󿼳ɼ붫ҪκԴ
á͢űͬѧ壬ѧԱ֮ǶıҵĿԴϣܹٴԻ͡
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Ŀֻһöűʢ˵Ҫμӱҵ󿼡֪űĻжһţҵֻˣҲ޷һ͡ѧȫҪʱĻۣҲҪʱ䣬ܵõһĳɼ
űʱ䣬ֻ¶һˡ
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͢뽫ˣòѾս͢Ϊ֮ƣδʤ֮£˵֮͢
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һϽתѧǹ˵ѧԺ
ϢһȫϲǡϲǿԺδ˵ӽˮ¥̨ȵ£гֵʱͻƨ
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⻰һȫڹ˵ѧԺǽԣһ˵޿ɸġ
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űˣҿ˲٣ЩΪ˸ѧԺ⣬Ϊ˸˵⣬ֵܿ϶ŻѪɡһЦ⣬΢΢Ŀҡ
˵飬ǰ˾İͺ֮ǰѹű䳰䳰ȷŹű˲һͷ·ڶűĴˮڶű䱻ʺ˲һȻֻһ߶ѣִһĹȡ
һζűΪҪùϵǺӶűӣֹ̬ݣĴѹű䡣
Ƕűѧдʣֻ´ʱѾˣѾ϶űĳͷ
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ĸɵ͢ո˶űһΣ˵Բ˽ġǵȵҵ֮űҲͳûǰ;Ϊײ̫ˡ
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㿴ʲôűֵأȵ
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ְ
ǣ֮ǰ۸ű׺ݵ⿪ʼԳ⡣
žžžžžһ½һ£һ½һ¡
ˡű
ǣܿͽֺס
Աߵļ̫վڱϿţͷŽ档
ǣÿʮ⣬򡣡ű
ǣ֮ʣµ̫ѧԱҲʼ⣬ĸ˶Գ飬һԼԼ
ʱɫЩÿˣҲҪ˰űʲô˼
űϣŶȣͬϷһ񫡣
һӺЩ˶ˣǸ⣬ͬͷһ
ǿЦű䣬Խ˰ɣ
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ű˺Զ·úݣ˭ϴϴţŵװ尡
⻰һ̵û̸űϴţĦŵס
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֮ǰűŪ˰״øɽ͢һưͿ̾͢ͱˣֶκ˶űһ¡
ܶű䲻ں壬˾ǲˬҪ
һɱѧ״ôһأ۵ı۰򣬻ٵӼ̳ˣӦû͢ʹɡ



53 ϣɵƣ
⻰һɫǳױˡű仹ǵôߣɫ뿪Ⱦ
˭˵ѧԺǰʮľӢҵ֮ȥ˶Ҳܽ˾ģ㾹ȻҸϴţűֻһҽ֮ͽѣҲͳûһ¶ѣȱҵ󿼽乤ʱ򣬾ܷ˲缦ˡ
ΪҪöű䣿ΪǰԻǰ;űǰ;ǰ㶼õġ
ԣɫű䣬ʿɶֹҪΡ
űǲԸϴſ
Ǹ
űǲԸҺͽ⣬ҪΪп
ʲô˼
űһҾʮ塣֮ǰЩ£ѵѾ𣿡
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ʱɫޱѿ֪ǲҪűϴš
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ϴҪȥˮ̫ˮͰҪΪ͡
ȥԼ֡ű
˵ûõģֻۡ˵Ĵ󲿷ֳԱ͵ĳӲ
Ҫűϴŵʱ򣬷ű򿪣һ˧þ˵湫˽Ȼϡ
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⻰һϳɫ䣬ԼĶ䡣
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ʱű侹Ȼ
ɲǼ䣬Ͽһ˿죬Ŀһ˿ɱ̲סű¡
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ʹ񡣡λͬѧΪǵǰ;Ϊ˲ܶű֮裬ҴȥɽǰΪֻһ
⻰һ˴ϲϰµлƴʦ
޳ܰƴʦˡ
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߰ɣű䣬ŵӽˣȥɽǰֻһ
ߣߡ̫ѧԱҲĿ׺ݣֱҪץŶűȥ򳣬ȫûиղű΢ηӡ
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һӺһȺ˳ɽǰ
ֻ鷿ڣ֮͢⣬һ뷢԰׵Ĵ̫࣬һۣĿ࣬촽ͬƬһ㱡
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ˣűĹ͵˵ţȥڹȥ֡Ĺٺ佫ŵǿƣֶԸȥǺͶԿ
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⻰һλɫ΢΢һ䣬Ϊűǰ棬Ǵɡ
Ȼűǹġ
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ʹ̬ȺͰβؽ̻ãҹ˵˲żüãԺҪɽѧϰΪѧԱıʡ
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ϣȻһ֮󡣡޲ڵ˵˲ţܳΪ˵δ֮䣬ããϣұ㲻У治ҼææӰذ
⻰һ¶ϲɫ
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⻰һ߸̫ѧԱһͷȥűˣʹΪ
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ɫʱһ䣬Ŀű䡣
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ͷѧ˵ľʵʦ·ƽεͬѧֻѾű˽Ϲˡ
ʹϵд£
ϵȷд£
󣬷ʹŶű䣬͵һȣݺһϣ鷿ĵƻ˲һ



54 ʹż
͵һΧ·𶼱ñ
λ书ΪԲͰ
͢ű䣬ǲһ֮ʣ㣬ǲģ
űͷԣġ
ʹĿһΪ˿ḡֻһ΢ĩ֮˽λҪˣ򳣬ĺѧ
һ£ʾ֮⡣
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ű֮ǰѹңг𲻱Ǿӡ
խܹΣʹȣˣΪ˵
͢ű䣬˵Ҫɽ״ٵǰ;Ǽ٣
ġű
͢Ǻϲݰűʵ̫ˣḡСҲûãֻǱٵϡ
ǣ͢ĳű䣬Ҿ͵˵Ǻӻ㵱棬ԺͣеĶԹһʹŽһģΪ˵Ϲᡣ
ǸСűֻ۸ңұû
⻰һ͢пϲĿ¶Ķֵ֮Цݡ
ΨʹȻŭСˣűȥ
ŭ֮µȻҪű
˵֮УȼʹһС̫࣬ͬһֻӬһ
ʱ˵ʿҪűȥ
ɫ䣬ɫˣʹˣȥúϢɣ
⻰һȫɫ䣡
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͢ȻϺȻȻ̫࣬ŵҪ˿ӡ
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55 űŸج
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ű˵ļ䣬ܿͶԺˡ
˽жһھǶЩӡ
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ˣȢ˶ŸһС㣬ǶŸŮˡ
һֱλһڶŸĵλǺܸߵģű˲֪ٸΣϾűͱΪ֮ˡ
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⻰һһȻɫ䣬˻ң
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һֻȼһȻʲôоûˣͷһʱޱĺС




56 ѧʦ۹
˸ˣŲʮ갡ްĴ
һʹĴţű䣬㲻úú
űذĴŶһڿ϶ŷؾǣȻһֶαҰɡ
һȻôģҪþһа취ű䣬Ҫ
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ৡ˵ʿ䡣
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һ磬鷳ȥŻ޴һ仰űŶԣ䣡
һ䣬Ҹɵ򳣬пδĶ󶼶Ҫ뱨ңҪ˺̸Ƽ㡣һʮ֮ģɱһˣɱʮ˵
ڶ䣬öŻ϶þһЩһؾǱĺܿģò˼꣬ʱǾͿԺһڵϰˣһø߸ϵĶϼҵĽ¡
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ҴĶŸʿӣżҪʹȥĶһ֮زز

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ϴɾ㰡Ѫűǧų
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һʷϣʵȻҲĹѹƣԶɱˣϵľȨΪĹٺ佫źʵҪɱҲˣȨøǯƵ÷ǳҲҪ̫๫Ȼɵˡ
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̫࣬Ϊ书̫ߣΪʦѾ˵ˣµʦĹټţ佫ţֻǳ͢ѫ󣬶ǳ𾴣ݵһʱĵʦӦ֪ʲô̬ȥˣ
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ǵʦѩ书ҲǸλʦѧġ


57 ʦҼҶű
ӹֵݸԼңͶűҹڸϵˡ
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ݳڣڳǱʮﴦ
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ռؽǧĶ̨ͤ鿣СˮûʡſڵʿҲݣɫĸǽڵһӳ˸߸ϵľкѹȸС
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ȥɣҼյġնپȥͲҪҷˡôţһͻ



58 㿴ţ
λʦֱβ
ȥȻ̧ͷʦǸŮ鷳ˡ
򳣬ʲô˼ѵҪ𣿡
ɫɽЩ̻ᣬںͱ²Ƿóף˽סһζ·ˣķұƳ򣬻вһ¾ųնˣĺӶ㲻
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Ӱܴǵʦ׵£ɸ˵ľˣñ˳ǲʵģֻ˵æ
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һ㵣˵ļѣľˡ
һǧſܹĿˣֻ˳ʮ֡һǧſԴ˷пܡ
ԣλʦĿˣѧֻ»ҪѵöࡣϾѧ޶黭ڣվǹʡڵıԡ
ôûеûİǾʹȥɣҪˡ
һΪ
ҽϳ⣬ܹʮһǰ𡣳ʮ־ѧϰ̹
ǡ
ɽŹرգ򳷵صɽ¡

ϣʦʾ֭س⡣
ʵǲյˣԲ֪Ŀ֮ǰ𶼲ֹ˵ǰʮ֣ʮҲѿ
ʮĿʫʣģѧȵȣǳ㣬һĿͺ缸ѧơ
ĿֱŰ˵ģ廪ѧʿԵԾ輼Уѧһ
ʦѹûκ֪ͨѶˣҹԹȥ׵ˡ
ʾ֭ŻѪ絽Сʱ󣬴ʦڽʮˡȻԼͷβּһ顣
˵ʮ֣ǿʮ֣Ҳ̫߳ˡ
ῴԼʮ⣬ԽԽ⣬ǾȥŰŰԼĸӡ
ǣʦԼӣµԾһʱ󽻾ܵöٷ֡
ӣνǴ꿡ѡģÿһʮһ
Ȼĸӣһ⣬뿼ܿġ
ùԾһʱһƬľ
ʦŰѧŰĿ𣿡
ʦ֮ǰĿ뻹һϣԾȫ˾
ҲǲŻˣΪοЩĿȫͬһأ
ޱȻҰʹСʱӽ˴ʦд֡
շˡ
߷ֻ֣ʮ֣ͷֻʮ֡
Ӵһ٣ѵһӡתصԼķ͵Ц⡣
ЩͽŰʵ̫ˬˣɼεԾ˾ѡ
ǸҲ˵ɣƲ˵˵ĺӴСƶ˼ңûлӴѧʡ
ƶʱĻ˼ά̡
ԣǸС̫ܹ࣬ʮֶѾùĿ࿴ˣҪʮȫǳ˵Ρ
ʱ䣬ճڴޱȿɫӡ
ѾʮˣͬԣҲȤˡ

ɽµһУĺͺͶűٴνޣӣԷһ˻ϲ뿪ˡ
űü򵥵ʳĸ˷Ȼ¸衣
˯ɡմʦſԻἫ֮ѣҪﵽʮӦǲܵġֻҪĳһĻشǳ֮ϡ棬һϲȻûͨſҲҪ취
űһɽһҪλΪʦ𣿡
Ȼ˵ģһټǿڿ·ͨʱ̼ϡھ񹦷輫ߣѧǾ޴ĴٽãԵ°빦
űˣʦ£ʵʵôģɲȫһ
ǶűоôҲҪλʦô֮ſˣԵΪؼˡ
ڼªĴϣű磡
Ȼϣűεʦİʦˡ
һõԾֻܹʮ⣬ֻɨһۣűͷƤ顣
˹ˣ⡭ĿҲ̫˰ɣ
ܹʮĿ漰ĵѧʫȵȡһ˼ѧơ
ֱѵѪĿȫŰ˵İ
ڶűȫһȫŴʦˣıһǳ˲ʹѧϰ˳˸޷Ӵ֪ʶ
űԭΪĿĿ޷ǾԲʣɶ֮ġЩĿ˵Ѿ㹻ˣڶűȴ֮
Ȼû뵽ĵһĿжԶ̡
ĿĴ𰸣Űٷ֮ʮϵĴѧ֪38.4ֱ˵30Ҳȷ𰸡
μܹѵٷ֮ʮϵĴѧ
ܲ˵õŲ߼ɣûС
űǡٷ֮ʮ֪Ӧôľ룬ҿùŴ˿İ취
ҶűװƣǱҵģҲǱƵģ


59 ǿµһٷ֣
ľ룬ùϣ˵ʳμ㷨Ȼ̻Ƿǳӵġ
һ֤Բģ㲢ѡ
ڶҵֱڵֱ߼ǧͬһʱ̹۲̫ĽǶȲ࣬Ϊͬص㣬̫ĽǶǲһġǶȲؾǧԲʿԼֱܳ
¼ʳʼȫסʱ䣬Լȫסȫָµʱ䣬ʱֱԼǵ3.5֮һ
ҵһͭҶ׼ͭȫסʱ۾ͭҵľֱͭ110Ȼֱ110ó͵ľ70ҡ
ȻĽԾȷ㹻ˡҹؼǲҪκµѧʽֻҪԲʱɣԲѾˡ
ϣ˼ʮʱŴ͵ľ룬űֻ轫Ǽʮǻùɼɽĺš

ڶĿɷǳǳѣ˵ֱ˱ġ
ΪĿҪԪηܽ
ֱ˹ˣѧɾͲûбйŴȽ٣˲ͨӢӼ˳Ѿǳ˲ˣᾹȻһԪηĿҪŰ
ڶű˵ֱ̫ˣȫѴ֮Ͼѧԣƴѧ˶ʿ
ĿһʷĿһƫʷ⡣
ʷǡеġ顷Իʼʷ֮ʮ꣬طʫ飬¾֣Թ䷨֮ôʼںˣкƾ֤
Ҳ˹ܹѵˣ
ǡűҲ֪ܹ֤ڡܹɽӼ顷Ȼб䣬õܼܵΪءֻмΪ߾̳˲ӵеȨ

ѵĿű俿Լʵˡ
ȻҲΪֹˣߵĿȫͽˣĿǳѧĴѧƣԶű˵ͬһ㡣
Ҳ˵ƾűԼʵҲֻܵõ30ֶѡѾ㹻˲𣬵Ҫ80ֻо޴֮࣬ʧˣܰΪʦֱӱˡ
ΪŴˣȻʮĿⲻѧԣ֪ʶҲ̫ˡ
ҲʱξеǸͷһγˣɫǰδ֮ࡣ
һǳҪˣϿھεܡܹϵʹ
ʱű㵡
ֻʦģ̵ʱԼѧȵȣȡõҵ󿼵һ
ڴԽʹʵġ
Ȼڵ˵̫ңԶͷ㲻ÿȥھܣֻΪĵӱɡ
ű᲻ΪͽԸҳʮ֮ѵĿҽ߾ȫҲֻܴ⣬һᱻߡ
ţűʮڰͷǰʣߵ⣬԰ҽ𣿡
ԣξеİͷһҪԼ
ţֵҿԸ㼸鿴ЩĿĴ𰸶ЩС
áű
һˣΪǰ鼮һ׶ߡ
⡭Ǽ飿
ͨ˵ҪЩҪüɣ¶űξָҲܶʮ֮һ
һ˷ľֵ񣬵õʮ㾫ǿ󣬶ξʱʵʱıҲ˵ξпԴøáͷȻˣҲ޷һҹ֮佫Щȫ꾫ֻͨѡԵĶܶپȫ컯ˡ
˵գͷֱʧˡ
Ȼ󣬶űޱȼѵĿڡ
ȫ⼸ʮ飬ҪѡԵĶҪͨҪ˼
ʼѵĶĶ˼ǧֺҪ볤˼
ΪʵʮСʱξм൱ڰˣʱ仹ǲ
ξУʱ䣬űЩ鼮ѰҵĵĽ𷽷
ֻʱ䣬űҵ˵ĿĽ𷽷
ʱ䣬űҵ˵ĿĽ𷽷
ʱ䣬űҵ˵ߵĿĽ취
ξҪˣűܽߵĿܿҪξˣĹѾˡ
Ҫǰʮ֣űֻʮ֣ȥԵĻǻʧܣ
֪ǲԾУűٶȷЩһҳ
ȻʮĿȷд棡
桭һ֪
ͷ·Ҳ̫ˣȻƭű䲻߲ݶ˰µ飬֭ҪˣͷҪ˰
˵ʲôҪԼȷ𰸷һҳűԸܵǸͷļЦ
ˣűʮȷ𰸷ɿڼһһ飬ʮ֮󣬼ǵ÷ֺˡ
ʱĶ䣬ű
Ѿͣ緹ѾãˣаСʱҪٵˡ
űϽϴץϼӷɿ쳯ȥ

ʮӺ󣬶űʦûöűɽţֱöűһʯϽаʦԡ
ʮĿÿʮ֣һ١ʮҵͽܣ뿪ʱһʱʽʼ
Ȼֱóһɳ©ʯϿʼʱ
仰Ը˵Ը⿴űһۡűǾԲͨ˵ģ֮˸˱ǡ
һĻЩӸаΪʦôͰ״һѽֻ书ѧʣȰ״һǧֹ
һʱɫһӱࡣ
ʲô˼ѹûҪնűΪͽ˼ֱӵľܾʲô
ʮȫ찡
˭֪йԲųΪȫŴʦʮĿмܹ԰⣿
ȫϣˣűŲ٣ҲҪѧϰĹ̰ɡЩĿͲܹشóġ
ԣѾʼİ취նűΪͽ
Ŀ͵һʱߡ

ȻʱĶűѶԾȴΪˣǸÿʮ֣Ǹÿһٷأֻӹľʮ֣
Ӻű˾ԴӳΪ̫֮ͳ׺ӹԵˡʮӹȴԲݻʵۣǧκӹȴĹٴùڵϺ
һС̫ʲôʸӹ͵ʲô˾˻ǽʿͷ·һ˲ŸһЦ
ǣű俪ʼ±ʴ⣬ȫˮ˱ɡ
һһޱȼѵ⣬ı±ÿһ𶼱ȱ׼𰸻Ҫţơ
涨ĴʱһʱȻű˲СʱѾˡ𰸶ҪˣֱӽһŵʦѾˡ
֪ü𰸣ǾԵ֣



60 ʦĲ
ʦѾˡ
⻰һֱӰѱĿʦˣҲڳ˼ˡ
ʦһɳ©ʱŽȥķ֮һѰ
Ҳ⣬Щڴ˵ȫͬһ˵һʱʮҲ𲻳Ҳʡ˷ʱ䡣
ɲǰ״ַǳ֮ˣùűĴһĵȻٰ˺ߡ
ȻոտһۣЩסˡ
Ϊű̫Ưˣ֮ǰѧҲûаȥűξһֵĺ鷨һδ壬ǰһ
֡ʦ
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һӣ͸ûйĶűˡΪűĵһ⾹ȻˣܾȰ
Ҳ̫˼˰
жԶڵһⲻΪףѣˣ͵ĿԣҲ޵ġ
ʵϣڴѧʣĿΪ԰ڣûдκ˽
ң֮ǰд½֮ŲҲ̻һºˡ
Ȼû뵽ű侹ȻˣȷĴ𰸣̻شޱ꾡
˵һĻűĴ𰸱ĻҪ׼ȷ
⡭̫˼̫߸ˣ
ǰһ˵Сֻ̫࣬ΪӦԽģйȥѧϰôĺѧ
ٿڶ⣬׼ȷģǱԼĴ𰸻Ҫ׼ȷҶűõһȫİȴȽİ취ģᶼѧϰ
⡭Ҳ̫ˣ˭˭
ʷĿű׼ȷġĿӶش׼ȷˣҲûʲô
⣬űɻشޱ׼ȷ
ɼѾĸˣĺЩˣѾӿ
壬ߡ
ʦԽԽһϢĸо
ԽԽľԽԽ𺧰
ȫЩӲˣԴЩľ𾪶˾
գűʮĿĽȫˣ
ģ˵һٷ֣
ʦһڸһЩ㱣Щˡ
ҳĿ̫ˣ԰ЩĿѾ˰
ûеôţƣ
ʮĿһѧʶ谡ΪһС̫࣬ܰٷ֮ٴԣ
绹
ŶűãһŻָƽ
۹жҪ£ǧˡÿһ⿼Щῡܣʮ־ͿԳΪĵӡ
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ȻһΪѶűʮ⣬ѶԶԶ֮ǰеĿĿűȴ֣Ǿֻ֤һ飬ûѣǰС̫ǰ겻š
Ȼ벻ͨűʵ̫ˣҲ޷ʮȫ԰Ǻ˼ѧƵģмĿ硣
Σʵ
޷⣬ӵһٷ֣Щˡ
˲۾Ŷű䡣ʮղǿģֱ찡κῡܹشѾ˲ˣű侹Ȼȫԣ
Ҳ̫̫˼˰ɡ
ܿͽһߣôʴʦҵӿ԰𣿡
ͷԸķ䣬Ȼ
ʱһ
ȴ¶ޱʹ飬̾ϢҵɰҰһ
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İԸķ䣡
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ξͺãξͺãͲû磬ˡ
绹һǳже˵ֱ纺ڵһ
űĿҲ׽˺ܶű䣬㿿ԼܹشһĿѾǳǳ˲ˣѾһˣοʵ˾˵һٷ֣еĴ𰸻Ҫ׼ȷɫԸΪͽ
ű乪µѧű䣬ݼʦ
ȥΧתתЩҪ常˵
űȥ˵֮⡣

ѾӦΪͽˣ촰˵
лʦ򳡣
ҽҪﵽһʲôĿꡣʵ˵úܣ˵˵Ѷű͵ʲôĿꣿ
֮ǰһֱججһǰĳһȻӻͷ
˵ͷȻûмɲͷüֱ˵ʲôĿꣿѧϰ꣬ҪﵽƷ֣
Ҫμ˵ѧԺıҵ󿼣ǵĿǰʮǰ塣
ʵűҪһģֻ򳲢֪һ㣬ֻҪӮɡ
ôʱɼΣ
ѧֻ˻ۣһδȫ꼶һҪ㿪ʼѧҪڣӵһΪǰ塣
Ҳݣʲô᲻ž˵ɶ4
鼱֮£ѴʦĴֻͷԶƳˣʦǺˡ
ӢʱľӦǣAre You Kidding Me
ִǣҲһ֪



61 漣ɣŮ
˼öűµʱɱѧϰȣһҪǰé
˵ͷ
ʵ£͵ԣҪ˵ѧԺҵ󿼶ǰ壬Ҫʲôˮ׼
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ԣƷʿ㿪ʼѧϰ˶ųΪƷʿ
롣
ҵ󿼣ڼ
һ
Ѿ˳ɫȴ㻨ʱ䡣µĴʦ㹻˲˰ɡ֪Ҵ㿪ʼƷʿ˶ʱ䣿
֪
꣬ꡣҾ˰ɣҲ㻨ꡣҪöűʱ㵽ƷʿѾˣ˵ʲôλ
ῴѾŲŵ⣬ˡ
ҶűղҲ˵ˣܹ֮⿪Щ⣬Ϊθ֪Ҫѭ򽥽һһӡ
ҾѧϵţϵţţҲΥ
ɱ̣ȫǳ˵Σ̫Ҳܡ
ûнˮΪ˵
һЦȻ֪ԼҪȷʵܻѾϣˣͷ·ǺƱ֮һĸһأ
̾ϢһҪöű¼֮ڳΪһɫ֣ȫԡ˼Ҫڽһͨ˴ΪһƷʿҲû˿ذɣ
ֵ÷ǳȫ
ҲԿô֪
ԣȫ˷ǵʱ䡣
ѾӦˣѵҪ𣿡
ҵֻ£ֻһĵס
ʱĬһԵĵһʲô
ݣʮ֣ʮ֡
ҵУܹ150֡ݼ20֣30֣书100֡
γ̶űѾܹõ֣Ҫѧϰĵڶγ̾ݡ
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500Ѿɣ㡣
˵ѧԺжҪ󲻸ߣ˫ֱٽﶼԵõ֡
ݵĿҪһڴ̳ʮ׼ȷʮĿꡣʮĿյʯӡ
֮˵һӣΪЩʯ׵ȥ֮һӾͻء
ĵһΣĵڶΡ
һ˵ݿγҪŽ;ϰ˵ѧԺҪʱȥݿγ̡
˵ҪѵööࡣݺѣΪγؼż
̫˵ҪģΪ̫㣬ͲôݾҪֱӾһ̫书ĸߵ͡
£ݿγҪһѧڡ
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Ľڵһ̤ʱϰٿʯ͵ط׸ߡ
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һʱ䣬ѷš
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ûȫһѧߵˮ׼ͨ˻ҪΪű츳Ǻܵ͵ġ
ʦĻ۽ǰȫüٵġ
ͨҪݿγ̣ҪͽϰҪʱ䡣ȻҪűɱ˽ѧϰȣôÿһſεѧϰȶҪ˵ʮ֮죬ݿγֻ18ʱ䣬𣿡
ͷԡ
ȻˣҾ͸ʮʱ䡣ʮܹ֮ͨݿγ̣ҾͲƴѵһĿꡣʮֻͨ뿪˷ѱ˴˵ʱ䡣
áһΪһ̵ʱӪĸӡ
ˣȥɣҲˡűʦ֡
˵գᳯȥͷβṳ̂ɽһ
ǡ򳹪
ţһ¶űļҵ󿼵ʱȥ
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תȥһ󣬶űŽɽţڡ

λǶű䣬ѧϰһʱ䣬ǰʦܡָŶű
Ժڣ
һü֮˧һӢ䣬һ÷ǳƽӹ
ű䣿ܣǸü֮˧ֹͣŶű㻹û
Էг˶űھʱ֣űҲܿڼԩ·խ
˧ޱȶʼɵз֮ǶűĴ˸磬Ǹδ޵ĵ׸硣
λ֮֮ӡ
ǧÿһʢ˥ʮ档ȻȴмʼΡȻ¸ĳҲȨ۷塣
ӱϣǴǧĺ壬λ֮Ƿϼĵ֮һ
ڹʡǼԺյˣȻڷ֮ǰǵ㲻ʲôˡ
űĸ׶Żޣ֪˶۲ųɹͷӶΪ˴һߺš
Ķű䣬궼ޱȶʼɵĶΪΪǧŷϼŮĴ֮һδȻЩҫǸĵܵܡ
֮ǰĶű֮ԻᱻţкܴԭΪǧŷϼ塣ϼ壬ϸݲöűϣϾǷδ
Ǹ˵ĶܣλӢ֮ü
λӢͷҲ۹ŵһͳ˧Ԭ֮ԬҪӵǸӵܣԬһֶѡ
˵Ϲǵ۹Ϸǽǵ۹ڱߵ۱ȨȨƣǮƣλϹȱ֮ϡ
Է֮ԬλӣǴ۹Ȩӵܡ
ԣǸ˵Ķű䡣֮
ԬסӣԶűԶһ㡣
ΪЩײ̫඼򲻾ëϻǶű˿ûеģǰû⡣
ڷ֮ԬУű伸Ĳ֮
ʱм¥󴰻һ϶һ˫űƳ˹
ʦһͽءһŮ
š¥ڵŮӼ飬û̧ͷ
һŲף·֮컯


62 ˵ű䣬ϰһҹ
Ů˹£λĴ˵ѧԺһС̫ءղŴʦ˵ű򳹫ӣҪҪԼء
ӣŮһǲˣֻ¡
ŶԵġŮ֮Ԭ֮԰£ȫΪ˵ȫΪˣһֻӭȢšһС̫࣬Ǵ״󷢣һָͷͻὫˡ
Ůոշ֮˵С̫֮ǰֺжܣڽжű䣬ôЩ찡
ű䣿ܣŮӵǶżǸĵӣɱǸ
ҼˡŮ˵ǸǶʱǶ÷зģ˵ڼὣھвҪö˳״ʧΪ˵ЦԶűֻܻһԴ֮󣬶ܾͳ伣ˣһΪء
Ůӵû뵽ȻûҼ˵
Ůÿ֮϶ŹģһѹɱġҪȻȥϽܰɡ
Ůӵİɣֻ֮Ὣϣȥ۸ġ
Ȼᣬ֮ԬΪ˱˹飬ΪӭȢ۹貵ѩôܻȥ۸űһСʧ˷ȣ
ң˼ˣʦܿͻҸɸߡֻҪּҾܻؾʦҲͻָɣȥˣôԸһסԼ
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ҲŲҪŮһС̫డҿҲòԼɡ

ͥԺС
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Ҳ֮ⷽԬԶű̬ȣһλ㲻պԵ˵ȥһ䷿ס£עⲻҪмⶰ¥ĸ
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ǿˣһ̫ʵˣ˿֮˼ʹϵ
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70 űѹȫ޹
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71 Ǳ𣬱ҵ󿼳棡
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72 һٷ֣űб
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ʦʼնŶű䷿ߣϨ𣬶ʱֻһʱͷˣҲҳݣҵм۹ȻѰűС30ˣýǫѷˡ

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ĵ⣬⣬⡭ڡмۡȫȷȫȷ𰸡
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治࣬Ϊ԰壿ΪҪϸëʣôҵɿ11֡
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ʮһӣŶűҵ󿼵ƵʮһСĿܷ500
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Ȼűȴһӣִ򣬲һǧһƥֱݳ֮
ΪһƥǧʵķԾõߵķˣǧ԰űʮ꣬Ϊս飬δսҲ绢
ȿ壬ȥϴéޡ



74 ʦͽڶ
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ǴʦǴʦԸķ䣬Ըķ䡭

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ȻȥܶͷᣬǴһʦȫʦ
ڶűԽţ֮ԻΪʦ϶зǷıһص߸ˣпܲ硣
Ϊλʦѧ书һ
Ȼ龴壬һ϶űҪѧϰˣϾԶʮһ͵ִ򣬴Сѧ˶ʿоܹרҵϵͳѧȻԶԶ̸ѧţôвμӹȫƥˣѧĩѧɼȫ㡣
磬ĿĿҪκѧϰҲηκ˳࿼ʦ

һֱ˰ʱ֣ʦϴé޵ˡ
һ˰µİ˸é޶ϴøɸɾһٶൣʺ߰˴Ρ
治Ǵʦϴé޶ȱ˿졣
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֪ΪΣϻһζϴõ
Ѳʦתڹë׵ĳζ˳һֱ˵˹ƶģ˹ʺζǵһμ
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ҲˣΪʦϴéޣһٶൣʺɶõũҷʣɲҪ˷ˡɴһģԣ㳬ʮ֣ǾǹˣҾͰũҷɽȥũ˵ʩʡ
㿼ʮ֣ʺ͹űˣһﶼҪ˷ѣҪɽµļĶȫʩϣÿһ˶ܷŹΣ
һζĶԼһһıĶԼ
Ȼʦ־ڱصãһҪ֮ġ
ãһΪű˭˭ͰʺɽļĶʩʡ
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ǡű乪
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һʱ䣬ҲɵЩ
ҪˣʦﵹûʲôؼũҷʣǿҪˣ˵ѽ

ص鷿ʦȲؽʾ֭⡣
ʮ⣬ÿһףÿһĿܰ˻Űޡ
ô˵Ծ˵ѧԺ콭ԺϺȥܹʮֵģᳬˣٷ֮ʮŵ˶ǿ֡
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Ǵʦ֪ЩѲסűǸһȫԵġ
֪֪˰սڶűףʦ˽ⲻˡ
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һʮˣϵֱܼܲжԶÿһ趼ǳȷҪ
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Ȼˣʦо԰ܹӮ˶ű䣬ٷ֮һٿʮ֡
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ʮ꣬йȵѧߣܽ⣡
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һڶżд֤֮֮ͣ
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һ˽ꡣ
˭֪ȷģ˭Ҳ޷֤޽֮⡣
⣬ǴʦӮűĵ˵԰գ

յĿ֮󣬴ʦһ
ȻԻûпʼѾӮˡ
ũ˵һ޽Ŀȥű䣬ǲЩְʦʵӦףʤ֮䰡
͵ˣÿһμű䣬Ҷ̲סĳ嶯Ϊ˽ˣκֶΣκηʽġ
ʱϴé޵ĵʱҧгݵûΪ˽Сˣκֶζȷġ
ʦȻص˯
ȻЩշתߣѣ޲̵Ȼ󿴵ű䱻ܵӡ
Сӣ͵ɣ͵ȥʺɣ
ŴʦЦӣԴ˶űͽܣүȻòֺʦ˺öࡣ



75 °ͺղ룿űʯ쾪
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ԣ˯ˣϣܹξԤ֪յĿ
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ˣʦϽϴԷȻʼԡ͵
ôʦȻ㼱ͣɼ˰ٷ֮ٱʤ֮հ
űҲޱ֮棬ʦʲôĿѹᣬţöűһ
һεĿѾ㹻ѣ㹻˰
жԶ
ʱ磬ĿֱɶĿΪʱĲƪˡ
Ѳɴʦ׼ĿӾޣѣ
űҲɵóڴ
ԣӿϴ緹ǰʦõʱҡ

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ʦǺãѰ·ֲˡ
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ʵʦݵĲԾȫѧʦʦŵ˹Ļ档
ݹ֮󣬴ʦѧԾŸ˶ű䣬Ȼɳ©ʱ䣬һʱʽʼ

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ڶɡ
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һֱǶűţ·ܣⲻӡڿűԱӣˬ

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;µкжűడɽĶʩʰ
ʱеĺжӿ˳µĹͥԺڣ׼ԶűвҲ̶õΧۡ

ȻʱĶű䣬Ѿ¶˽թЦݡ
ѵĿǶű仹пܽ𲻳ܴʱҲ
Ǹ°ͺղ룿
ִѾΪܶ˼ʮˡ
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ǣűۺЩѧʦĳɹһԾϽдһҳ
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ȻƳһ۶űĴ˲ʯ·Ϊ˵


76 ޾ףʦĤ
ʦûпűǰŵĽΪ֪϶ȫԵģֱӿһ⡣
п϶űһǰ׾
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ԣԶűдĽʦǲмһˣ϶ǺϽ룬Ͼֻж̶̵Ӷѣ޴ӽġ
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ǽͿʼһ̿Ŀѧѧϰ
νĹѧγ̾ͺͿƾһģһɴǿĹԣƾٿҲǰ˹ģ˵ѧԺѧҪҲǿ˹ġ
ѧʱ򣬶űΪȤоһʱİ˹ģҲд棬Ҳֻҵˮ׼ЩƾپӢİ˹˵ֱ֮
ȻҪ˹֮ˮ׼Ǽ֮ѵģûʮʮĿ๦дɫ
˵ѧԺѧԱڰ˹ȻȲ콭ԺҲǸơϣǿǹ㶫Ԫǰ˹ĵĶ֣ɱűʮֶֹ
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ʱ䣬űȫˡ
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ңѧ˹Ҫʮʮʱ䣬ӵмߵˮƽ
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ҪݰԣҪ˹ĵ裬ȫǲܵİ
ͱűξġͤ򡷿ԣҪΧյˮƽȫ
Σűʵ
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˵ģҵһҪõһûκ壬֮ǡʦ˵ѧԺҵ󿼵Ĺѧ150֣һߡһˣƾʲôһƾʲôӮϣˣϾζűҵ󿼵ʧܡ
ûȷʵˡ
ȻˣҲԲߡʦˣʵǰعˣ
ܷ500ѧ150֣һˣҵ󿼾ͳˣűҲ䲻
űɫʱ֣ǣҪμԺԣͨԺ͸԰ûʸμԺԵġ


Ŷű˺Ժҩζһ꣬ɫϣһϢ
ңԼȻƣҲƣԵ֡
һֱӹǰߵ׵ʦȾҶӣȾҶӰ
ᳯű⻧˼ҽ޹ǼǳǳΪдȴھӽףһɱ˼ΨһһֻҪ𡣡
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ĸ׺޵ʦȾҶӰ⺢ʮҪȥʡǲμԺ˰ʡǵѧ˶˵ԺҲжʵƫƫںȻ˹ֲδҪȫҵ
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޹ӣĻ϶ǸݺűĴϼˡԩ·խ
λμͯԺԵģӦþǴںʹõĵܴܵˣͬһӡ
йĸ׵һ֮ҼҸһӣҶԺҪò׾Ҫӵ̫ûдӦЦ˼˵ϣǲҪڡ֮Ҷͳˣ϶Ǻġ
ϼ壬伫
ʦӵĹƶܽ⣬Ҫʱ䣬ǸʱԺͽˡ
⻰һйĸ׶ʱ޵Ǻð˽ͯԣҪȵ˰Ϊ˸ҶϸβҼҾծۣ֧Ų˰ҶвţǿŮòˣҪΪǸͷС˰
ʦűڣΪλǸԼ𣿡
λʦȻҪöűȥμӿƾԺԣҶõһ
űҺòһ
ʦа취һ



77 μԺԣ
϶ű˯ξ֮УǸĹӰһγˡ
ԺԶĿ꣺ƽμԺԣһܴ꣬õһ
֮Чңõһ֮
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ԺԶϼ嶼־ڱصáǲûϴȱڣȻλϹȱıܣǸϼĹټš
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һҲκΰѱλڵһŮ֮󣬲źȻµġ

ɣ޳ܣȺ˼ֱΪΪ鱨󣬴ʦŭ
죬λųƽ˿һϢҹƶѾʼϮˣ˺öѪߡ
ĸĸͽ㣬Ѿ޵ˣƽȫҵϣ
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ʦ߾ȫӦÿԣҪ£ȬҪϡ̫ˣɱƶҲҪɱһԪҪμεԺԣǾԲܵˡ˾ǻˡ
˻ˣϼıҪóˣ֮·ͻԺԶʼˡ
űʦҽĶԼƽȥμӿƾԺԡ
ãáʦŶűҪлˣɹˣ˳ƽһ˵ˡ
űǣҺͳƽЩƣȫһ˵ж𣿡
ʦҪһ޵ƤûߣҪ˵ͷǳ֮Ǻϡ޵Ƥֵǣȵĺлȡı
űȻֻǽãͲʦˡ
ѾûˡʦϼεоʵڲܡҳƽһҿҪԸóȫƽҲȫ㡣
űʱлʦ
˹յˮ׼Σʦʵ
űһ㣬ǿѡ
ʦü鷳ˣ˹֮һһϦ֮Ҫ߰ʱ䣬ǽֻвʮʱ䣬վţͳ˲һ
ŴʦʲôҪƴرѼпƾٿԽԪ״Ԫۣ̽ձܱٱ٣İ˹ıҲȻͻдˣǶʱ˹İ취ˣҲж֮Ȼţ᲻һ
ǡű
ʦ֮ҳһƪ˹ʱģˮƽΣܹжϳǷܹԺжˡȻҲ֪Ǳȵ컹Ҫѵ飬ΪˣϾŶ𣿰겻š
ȷʵȵ컹ѣľӢѧϰʮˣűֻвʮ졣
ȶʡ߿״Ԫѵöˡ

ʦ˼ƪ˹ʱöű䱳С
Щȫ״Ԫۣ̽еĿƾģ㼸ƪ֮ˡ
űٵطģϽξУʮʮʱȽбС
һҹʱ䣬ͽ⼸ƪĿƾٰ˹ȫ졣
ȻڶոʦһѰ˹ģͬСɽһ鷿棬ȶű˻Ҫߡ
⿴һ׻Ҫ׽ʿģҪÿһʡԽԪ¡˵ԽԪ¿ܸӹáʦȻȫǲܵģʱ䣬ܹپͱ١
ű˼ٷݣ˼ǧݡ
ʦǴŪİű侪̾
ǶʲôŪ
ǣűİ˹֮Уƴٵطţξϸϸڱÿһƪİ˹ʱġ
ÿ춼Ҫһǧƪɬµİ˹ġ
֮İǧƪİ˹ʱȫˣξϵͳ찡
ֻ죬ǧƪ£űԴļҪըˡ
ò˵취ȻֱӣǷǳЧűİ˹ʱˮ׼ȫͻͽ

ʱ䵽ˣնűҪȥָԳƽݲμԺˡ
ʦһ⣬öűԴһƪ¡
ʦ֮ɫǳӣ̾ϢһűȻţűϾȫܵġ
ϵ츳ǳˣϾǿƾٰ˹ģҪʱŹȻǲеġ
ԥһʦű䣬İ˹ĽȼƪѾϱȽϳɫˡ
Ҫ˵ˡ
ȻʦҪƾˮ׼ԺаֻɵĿԡҪ򲻿ܵˡ
ʦվЩʧűȻţ˹ĵ裬ȷʵһһϦܹġ
հհաʦƽκˣҲٵˣĿªҲμӲ˿ƾˡΨһĻˣвţȫҾͶˡϣãȥһҲǿԵģҾΪݣվͳǰ֣μԺԡ
ڶűӮʦѾ˵ˡ
ΪűˮƽҪ򲻿ܵˡ


78 棬̤
ˣƽıʼǷǳģԲϰˣʦ
£űóֽ涼ǳƽд¡
ʦֱܹóһǳƽдģһġ𣿡űʵ
ξбı˶ٲ֪ġı¶űƵڶûиҳƵһˡ
ͤģµóٷ֮ʮţ͸˵ƽˡ
ʦùȥ֮ϸϸоһݾǳƽдġ
ű㵵Ȼϳˣ
ʦЦΪֽԾһЩϵɡ
ű¶ӽЦݵʦʵݶдģֻŹ˾ֽ
ʦŭˣңС㡣
ʱ͵ʦˡ
ʦӣһȥ

ųƽˣϵİѾԽԽˣʮȥѾǳˡ
ʱűע⵽߻һþ˵Ůֻʮңǳغ߼жűӣʼյͷţͬСһ
ǳƽó˫˫ǰΪ˾ȸԼһҴū澣Ǯβ
ʱСظƽιˮ
ĳƽű߽һ㵣Ȼ۾͵һȻޱ˷ܵҪ˻ƺűʦűʦ
űһ㵣ʶԼһΪűʦȫһ˿ģԼʶ
ʶңűʵ
ƽѧ䣬ʦȥۿűʦ֮ɣ
ԭ˰
űʹνԹģϸϸ˵
ƽʦȥ콭Ժ飬ڴ񶾣ѧʤȫף˵˵ԽвŻԽǸ˵ö֮Ҳ֮£粵ԽԽ֮¾˶ԼԺԶҾ͹ڵϴ˵˵ö֮ű޳ܣԺж͹ڵϴ󺰶űݺᣬ˾֮

ʱűԡ
û뵽վǺԼйصġλųƽȻԼķ˿ΪάԼ˴ѡ
ʱűоԼļࡣ
֮ǰƽȥμԺԻֻΪΪнڡ˶űˡ
ʦ˵ƽܹȻòҲͻˡڴòɲǲܲμӿƾٵģҲ˵ԺǳƽΨһùĻˡ
֮ǰűΪԼӮɣΪƽԼӷӮˡ

ϣʦΪűݡ
ݵĺģغ޵ƤǱˮƶ
ʦڳƽģߵĴߡ
ҺƣҲ޷ˡʦ
Ȼ󣬽űˮڵױߵϡ
Ǿ棬߲ȫڶűϣҷ·ҪƤһ㡣
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Ȼ޸ͣӳƽϵ룬ƽķ͡
󣬽ƤȾƣŪƣ۾ҩˮʹöűѪƣֲ̬
ҲһģһҪԵȾزɳƣҲʦҴϸƽ¹ƣ϶һϢӣ㰲Ȼվǵǰǻɵġ
ʱ󣬴ʦϣȻһ澵ӡ
űһʱ̾ѡ
ʵ̫̫ˣûʲô
ʵģֻаٷ֮ʮƶȣʦ֮ʣݳɲ⣬ӵģͰеȥˡ
߹Ȼ˵ðűһһݰ
ʦ֪𣿡űʵ
ҡͷӦûУȶȺģ֮Ӧò˼ȥ֮ˣ޼
űֵƽΪҲǴ˴ҾΰͨԺԣȡһĻˡٳһ⣬ҽ߾ȫʵˮƽΣ
ͷá
ֳһ⣬öűԴһƪ˹¡
ΣűŻѪʾ֭ʱƪ¡
ʣѾǶűļˣе¾
ȥ죬ξб˼ǧƪİ˹£ȻڻͨԼдģдˮ׼
ʦ֮ȷʵ֮ǰҪɫ٣ԺԹصĸɡ
űɬ𣿡
ʦ˵ͷȫ
űˮ׼˵ѧԺĹѧ󿼣ܵü֣
ʦһ˵ѧԺĹѧ󿼿϶ǱȲϿƾԺԵģƪܵðʮ֡
űܵһ𣿡
ʦҡͷȫܣǹ㶫Ԫİ˹ʱģԶ㲻ֹһ𡣡
񣬶ű֪ξϵͳľˡ
ġû⣬û⣬д£٣ΧҪ꣬ʮ깦ĶξҲһ͵ġ
ԶűҪξڶʱڣͰԼɶ˹ĸ֣Ժжȫܵˡ
ԣƾˮ׼ҪԺжܴ꣬Ҳǲܵġ
ԣֻڴһ漣ˡ
ʦͺãǿ󡣡
գűݳųƽģ뿪£ǰֲμԺԡ
Ҫ·죬ָܵ

ָϵıԺڡ
ӽˮ𣿾ȻǸɫֶģúʲôݣƽʲôݣ˴ģӮˣҲûݡ
ùȻĻΪ䣬˵֮һĳˡ
꣬һ꣬˾ǿԵ֮ɫ
ôܻ䣿
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Цǣñδͱ˽ͨ¶֮żҰֶűײơ

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˶ԴΪѾʧٶʱˡ
ʦĺѣƴѰңеޱ֮ʹġһƳƽȫпܶȡͷİʱ䲻Ǻá
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볡ޣһӣƽûг֡
ĺǳ׷ϣ׷׽뿼֮С
ҲʧҪ뿼
ʱһʻͣڿĴ֮⡣
Ȼһ󣬽һϢ
ƽˣųƽˡ
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⻰һ˻Ȼ
ջ¥Ĵô󾪣͵վⱰƽȻûĹƶȻμԺԡ
ŶűɳƵ꣬һϢ⣬ԺӮ㣬ɲڻ¡֮ʣ֮Ҳ㹻㡣
⻰һĸĴʱҪըˡ
űǵǵĶԼ𣿡
ȻǵãҶҵǰͷ˵˵ö֮ű޳ܣ𡣡
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⻰һ¥ϵĴüۿѡ
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ĸͷһȣ󺰵ľͶġ
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Ȼݣ֮󣬽뿼



79 ԺԾ޾ףɱУ
Ž뿼ĳƽű䣩ҧгݣ޲̳ʬΡ
ȻûȷµĹƶû⣿ʱϵһŮ
ŮòΣĿ󵨻
ûģĹƶ⡣ŮڻûΪ⣬ģˡ
õȻӦĶԼ
ŮİС㣬ƽһϢģʱҲʲôˡ
⵹ǵģμӿƾٿԵÿһƪ£ÿһʫʣ޲ǽʾ֭ŻѪ念֮˿ˣҲͬһ
ƽһϢܹѾ˲ˣӻ󣬾õʱʫʡ
ԣһǾԱʤɵġ
ˣû֪ⳡԺĵܴܵһʧһ
ΪѾǰ֪Ŀˡ廨˾޴Ĵۣѧ˵ĸ͵⣬Ȼ󼯽ʮӢ˶ºʫ衣
һԺԣ겻Ӯйˡ

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㲻ϿƾٴʡҲǧ˲μһԺԣؼǧ˻ǴԣɱľӢԾǳ֮ҡ
ôԺԻõһжأ൱ȡʡ߿״Ԫôѡ
Զűôţ츳߿ҲֻȫصѡȫһҶűû˾ѧƾģԿԼͲˡ
ֱӾΣܣ
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Ա𿴶űʹĵʱţ壬ʵԼƾʵĻǱ갴ڵĦĦһǧУмܹڵĦ

˿ÿһС䣬С˼㣬ƽףԺ档
ãԺԲԣüҪü죬Ļ˵ġ
ԺһֻһԣһԣԺͨԶȥˣֻһ
ǰЩԺԻһУֻʣһƪʱ֣һʫʡ
һΨһһƪʱľͳΪ֮أܲȡúõĳɼȫȡƪʱĵߵͣʫֻǽ֮á
ʱĵĿܳ飬Ҳܳ徭ȫѧ֮ϲˡ
ԼˣѶʵˣ֮Ҳ
ΪмĻôһòãһúÿܻлСֻһĻȫһƪ
ΨһһƪʱģÿһŻѪ֮
ʱ򣬶űһϣܹһϤĿ±Ҳܹ༸ְա
۾⣬۾һԺԵĵһĿҲҪʱĿ
֮¸øǴ֮С֮кߺ
ĿűʱͷĿѣͷƤ顣
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ĿǰҲֻ֪һ⡣
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ǰĿûм޷⣬Ҳ޷ġ
ʲô漣Ļⳡ͸ˣʹĶԼҲɡ
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ǣűſ˯ˡ
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Ѳ߿ٵ˵ͷȻװѲ߿˴ǰ˵ͷһԺӮˡ
ƽѾδսȰˡ
ʱЦҶ֪ô

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ȻǸţİͷڣһޱȾ޴ͼ֮С
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ѷΧС漰ĴҲܶడ㼸ǧݡ
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ҿʵмʱξоǼ찡ʱҰ
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ɻʵĿƾ٣Ҳûн쿼ԵĿ
λʵĿƾٿʼѰ
ӺԪĻԣԿʼңȫûС
ԣԣʼԵĴ
˳츮ûУûУ㽭ûУûС
Ȼ󣬺Ȼ֮䣬һֳڶűǰ
֮¸øǴ֮С֮кߺ
ʱű伤֣ϲ֡
װ˼ǧݰҵĿĴˡ
Ұ
Ȼűϸݴʱ𾪵ͷë
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ܹӦ츮ԻýԪѶ˿ڶȫ״Ԫ
ű䲻ɵеһʱĳǰֻҪԸĶ֣ͿΪԼĴ
ǣһ㵣İ
Ʋ̫ţƣ̫ҫ۰
űƪʱĳȥֻҪʡֻҪѧ˵ĺë
ڴϵŴꣿ
дʲôʱģγɫעƲŶǱűɱʣ



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ƲƬʱģʵ̫͵˰
Ҫľ貶ĿҪľԺѹ֮ƣͷ
ǣűξпʼϵرС
ʮ֮󣬰Ʋƪ˹ıù졣
ѹ֮󣬶ű±񣬰ƲƪýԪİ˹£һһ¶Ծ֮ϡ
ÿһ֣ǳ֮ȫܵС壬ⶥݡ
һƪ֮ˡ
ƪԪһ˵ˣǲμԺеĿҲȫɱ
ƪʱһп£ע޹⡣
͵ƾһƪʱģűѾǰΪƽԺԿף˭۵

ű俴ⳡԺԵĵڶ⡣
ɽˮգ£һʫʡ
λѧ˳԰һ˵ʫĿֻ涨ĸ֣Ȼһȴ֡
Ҳ˵һʫ֡
ȻʲôؼԺ棬Ҫһ㶼ʫ裬ǰԡȻλپʡ
Ҫ֪ûγʫһֱȻҲдʣеò㷺
λټȻʣôȻԴƫˡ
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ûǴ׸֮ӣξʮ״Ԫ
űҪõ״ǣٽɣˮ
ˮ˻ԾӢۡ
Ƿǳɰתͷա
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״֮ģ⾳֮ûмƪܹ֮ƥС
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ң״иպĿй涨֣ɽˮգ£
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ҪʹͬʱһԱȣܹѴºʫʳеһĲֵǺܸˮ׼ʱĺʫʣҲԱѹƵðա
ԣűſ˯ˣԼĴѹ²˿
ͷβʱ䲻ӡ

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һԺԣȫǳ˾֮գٷ֮ٵİա
Ҳ˵ǳƽһϢ£念Ҳɡ
Ϊǰ֪ˡ
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Ȼ󣬴ϼ弯Ӣ˲ţĿдһƪİ˹ʱģдһƪɫޱȵʫ裬ĶӦɽˮգ£֡
ܴþ㲻ף㲻ǰ֪⣬ԼҲӮ
֮Ǹǰٷ֮һӮˣһʧԺԵĿԽѣԽ
һԺԶ˵ȫ޵еģȫǶܡ
ǸνųƽҪһ£ȫȡ衣
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Ӧʼ룬ԼΪ۹ϷӵҫһĻ
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ѾԺԵһ֣СԪҫ֡
ҲûãȻűôһ˻䣿һΣҿҽűŰı֮µĴ꣬ѾĿһˡ

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ʲôʱôһŰ
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ʱһѧʶĻۣʫʸ࿿żȻŷС
ԣĵĶű䣨ƽԾʫʻ᲻ɫ
Ȼֻһۡ
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Ծ˭İ˵㲻ǿʱģʫʣﲻȥգǵһ˰ҪμӹԺԡ
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һ˳Ļʮһнʿܹеһ׵ĻôʸŮ󰮣ʸԷļ˰ɣ
ԱߵȴĿǣʼŮǲɢеĽš
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ʲôһֱ˯עĻʲô
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⻰һͳƽĶĶʱø·Ϊ˶˵ս
ڳǧλͬѧΪ֤
ã֤Χ۵ִ󣬷׷Ӧ
Ŷű䣨ƽЦƽǧ˫۾ţҪҲˡȵ֮¹ͷΪ˵սڻɣΪҼ̤űĹ߰ɡ

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ϾҪˣȺʼ궯
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ʱޱ޼ʵʹ࣬ޱ޼ʵĺڰ;ӿϮվסˡ
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˾ͶΪ֮ǰ˾Ҳܵʵ۵ֱƿأʮǰȨͽ䣬˾ĹټС
ˣĹټźɽˣʹֽ˾Ϊ٣ΪĹټŵӥȮ
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ҴɱϹȱ֧֣ڹ˾ǲ綫ģˣ˾Ҳŷɥء

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ʱĶű䣬Ѿժϵߣָԭģ
ųƽ˫ϥڵϣߵȥлűʦԸΪҶԺͷ
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ͬʱ˾ǧ죬żʮʿɿĺջץˡ
ӱʮ겻ڴ˵ıҹҪóƽ֪ʲôȨƵ



84 ű䷴ɱ
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ңҫȴڶűʦƽ˵֪ԺԵĿ֮Ҳһƪʱĺʫ裬ǿԳģԺԵͷҲõġǣʱĺʫʣֱ֮𣬳ƽֶ̿Ĥݡ
ƽǶűͷŷ˿仰ͿԿ㶼ظ
˴Ժͷˣаˣ϶ŭƿڴά𣬶Ҳֵܱй
Ȼƽȴǳ̹ƽؽҶԶűޱȸмΪԼʵҲܶ
űʵϵѪֻԽԽ࣬òҲԽԽªƾ֮·ѾϾˣʲô㣿
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ԺԶһõƽЧңһ֮
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Աߵ˾ǧüͷǴҲ˵ô԰ѣ
ݸĳƽʵ
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ӲιƾԺһǰ˾ܵ顣
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ȻҲģײС
ƽǸҲ֪˵ʲô
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ԱߵĴƽҿ컯ǳúܣѰ·ǧҪԹҡ
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ʱԱߵĴ޿̣͵ذνŶű˹

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Ըˣܺáű佫ҩιŮС
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ŮСص˵ͷûκοܡ
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ǡȻ󼸸ʿ̧Σǰ治Զѧš
ʼ֯Ⱥ֯ѲţΧϼ塣
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ע⣬һҪִ󣬱һΪƾװ䣬䡣
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˵ѲˣǾҪֳߴȵģܺһС̫һʶ˵СĻȡ
ȻűһٶĴڹܵ޴˺ȫö죬Ҳ˲÷Ⱥˡ
ϣѲŻ涨ԣνƾװУȫǶűͶһСЮ˽СѲɵ֮ǽꡢ٣Լμ׵ĴҰȫǷöűء
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ƾװһ׵ľʯϹĹϵʯȻǹĹټţǰ;ҪİɡĸʹװҪˣһװʯƺҲϴˣ׼ϴ˳棬˵ʯ
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ɵͬһ׸˵ˣл
£ֱǰʹۡǰ븮ۡ

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סۼ޹ءʱҪɱΪű䱨𡣡
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κ˵ȲȱϯԿʹ
ҲˣöϹۣһҪֶʿȫߣ˾ץű䡣
ϼһЦĿ¶֮ɱ
һоʽűˡ
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89 籩ʤֳ
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ű䣬㾹ҹ˽𡭡ԻָѣĿԹ
űǰŴף̧̫Լˡֻһ߶ѣҴݻϼһߡ
ţôߣѺ붫ηŮСҲߣһ䷿һ㣬Ҫص㱣
ǣȵ
Ȼ󣬶űһڣԹȥɣСˡ
ȻŶѧš
͹ȨƼŵľսʼˣһսĵҲǶűĹؼӣѧʯ
ô˵ʯվһߣһ߾ܹʤ

ѧʯۡ
棬кҪ£ʯʵ
濤ϣȺܺطֿλըѣƫƫһӣ̬ȴ˲
ʯ΢΢üΪ۾֪Ӧš
濤ҪʦģֻܴһҪȥݸ
᣿ʯк£
濤Ҫ飬˵
ڴʱ˵ˣֶŰٻ
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濤ÿȥǱܼˣʯ֮˽
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˵ʯûкɫҲûϲ衣
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ʲô⻰һѧʯվ𣬼ԼĶ䡣
Űٻ˿Щ״λҪߵ顣
ʯɿؿ״һ۾ܿ١
ΪԺԽٵһʱҵ˴ĿƴҪƾΪԺԵһ
ңʯΪԼĿˣΪ̫£죬ȴֳ˽ؼǷжѸС
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һ˲䣬ʯȷ˴װʵԡ
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˵գȥǰ鷿ǰ̫ٸ롣

ѧݼʦʯؾ¹
ЦǺǵؽʯϳЦ⣬Ŀʯ˴ˮͼ;
ʯʵ˭
˵һС󣬶ű䡣
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˵УߴӵܴڿƾԺףܻ¸͵ȡꡣԷׯ轣湫ץǼ٣Ҫٵǰ;档
ʯͷ֪ôˡ
Ȼֱתȥ

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ƽˣʯеʵǷǳϲλš
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濤ȻҼˣǸСӡ
ƽɫһ죬ȫҿ濤ֻһ棬лǵҡ
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Ȼϰͬˮһ㳯Źֶ۳Ҷȥ
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ʱŰٻƽȻ𾴡
˶űûпʯȻƷ¸С
Ȼһµʯųƽ߳˹ۡ˹Ժ⡣
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ԣԡ
ʱȺзѳˣƺƵŴϴլȥ
ϵĹؼһ䶨˾ѳɣűӮˡ



90 ս޸֮
ʱصʱǰ
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ץű䣬ץű䡣
ɱۣɱۣ
˰˾ʿȣŷɥ
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ȻԶ£˫ַһݾ״
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ǣԶ

Զսһ߰پ񲽱ʿ򶫳ǧļץű䡣

ֶǧļڡ
꣬ãŮСλܻ߿٣ԺװҪԱȫڴ˴
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ǷǳصģֱӴֽţ
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ͬһ쳯֮Ⱥ¼ھۼɴ䡣

סûҵǧҪ֣Ҫ
źѹѹˣǴҲĵײׯ԰ڵĲǧˣǰԵΪ
ԺǽʲôΧҵլۡ췴ѾȥѲˣܿͻϵȻȥ
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Ͼǰ;߾ûôҪˡ
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Ȼڶ̽ͼٸäĴ£˳ˮһس˴ׯ԰
һӣׯ԰ķ˲ơ
ˣۼĴׯ԰ʼңʼա



91 ѪűѲ
ׯ԰ǻȽǣ֪Ѳʹá
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ףסڸϽסϼƴΪ˳
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ׯ԰û˿ٽֻҪھû⡣û䣬ֻҪ˾Ǳ˶ű䣬úʹ꣬ɴȫʤ͵ǵׯ԰Ϊűˡ
һ䡣䵽
죬ϽȥѲţɴ˵ǰѹׯ԰ܱסһ롣
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ѹѹϺףȥһ֤ЩԹȥıۡ
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뼱еܵѹ䣬ʮҵǰ;ˡҶ췴ļҵͷҪء
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ȻԼͷң۳ңһ߳ȥ漸ǧһڼ档

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Űлûܣûйҷͣ
ƾٿʲôΪͣǵ۹ߣغϵ֮ϣϵǧ֮˥ȻЩ˼̤
Ѳɵ˺ѷΣʹ顣
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еҩָˣűģʱˡ׼ӭӴͶ̵Ŀ˰ɣΪֵվһڣȫһ١
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99 ֮ξ
֮ԶԼΪһ죿
ȶűʢ濤ȫԸȣһѾǼˡ
ΣűϣξϵͳУһҹξ겻ɵĿ꣬ʵҲǺܴ
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ǺܣűӣȻŴαСƺҲУүҲ֪ˡ
̵űЩӣ⼸ֵʱ⡣
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Ըķ䣬ֻǶűվеţҺѹ
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ܡ濤ϷԣȻԲԼҪ̫ܺɽǰ֮󣬴һٱ޺̻ݸҲʡѪʱ˷ϡ

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һΣһ˰Ȧõ5֡
Ȼֻ5֣Ŀ90ֻңԶҲͻưޱش
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100 ķ֮
ˡ
ʮȫаУļаȦ
аĵģûһ
ܷ20֡
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ţ̾Ϣһ⻹ǲԶԶ
ǲĿ90ֻǳǳңԶ
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ξеǳţƣЩǾԲһ͵ġ
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֮ǰѧУǿɢȡʤģձΧǰսģ⣬ȻһһӲӮ˶֡
ֻ˻ûʲôؼǶűҹξʱ򣬷ǰȺܿ죬ԽԽ
죬޴
ԣڸ죬죬ʮҲﵽ90֡
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ξϵͳܵģڼм޵ġ

ʱҲҲḧűͷЩ㲻ΪҲҪƴΪ֮Ǵɷıɫ
Ϲȱ֪۹ѾͣȴҪϹҪֵ۹ĻԻ͡
ΪĳĿܶҸģյǰˣҲǹٵġ
Ɐ׳Уʦűһһļ
ϰܶһ̣̫ܶɽȻȥʰعָɡҵʦͽԵ֣͵ΪֹˡҲԸ뿪Ҫ̵㣬Ըķ䡣
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һԼƽʦ̫ɽвʱûа취ܹҵļԽʱ䣬̶ֱ90֣
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101 ֮漣
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102 󹦸ɣΰʱ
İһҵ״̬֮
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40ȫɹҲѾ㹻ˡ
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Ȼű佫ɹڵľ͸۾͵ͷųȥʼٲһˮ顣
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츳ܸߵߣҪʮɵľѣֻʮСʱľֻʮ
˵ľ츳ܿһӶ޷ѵġ

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ԭǰ˼аģаȦܹ90֡
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Ȼ95֣ɼѾ㹻ƹ˵ѧԺʷ¼ˡ
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Ϊľֻ40
츳ļɼԶ޷ﵽ֣5ԶҲòˡ

ξеĶű䱻ˡ
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Ȼ˼֣ǱȥɣһΪ㱳ҩġһٱ֮㲻Ҫ뿪ü֮뿪

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ɲ˶ˣǿеĻȫҪӮ
Եģһ֮Ҫɹ̶ʮ̫߳ˣֱӻˡ
űǼҪùˣ֮ǰӮôӣҪȫ³
ԣűձɣһҪǸƲ
Ще۷׷ףű֪һȻ¿˶ľ֡
֮ǰÿһʦĶԼĶׯҰµļǮӮòˡ
ʱű䳯һݺݵȥһۡ
ڨڨһЦҪжġ
Ҳʵж쵼ƨʲôӸҳء

һΪѾˡ濤̫ܿҪɽˣٵһӲǾҪˡ
ű˿䣬Բܡ
濤׼𣿡
űӵ𣿡
⻰һ濤Ҫըˡ
ʱж౦󰡣Ϊӣһ죿װ˷һ죿
ӣĶľ룿
׵ʮжȱӣˡ
һʱ䣬һ񣬳Ϊһ̶ʮֵĸ֣
ⲻ˵óĻ񾭲˵ó
ôΪڳ˶ôΪ
ʱ濤׼Ӻͱӣȵʮ̺֮ݺݳһٱޣ顣
ǣ



103 ȫ濤Ϣ
濤ͬ飬ű̫ɺˣÿڹֵʱ򻹰Ǿȹ
£ȥ̼ܣ׼Ϻ̱׶ű䡣
ƤմѪ˲
Ǹ̷һ˻ҪߣҪǿ׳Ůӣеıӳ档
žžžž
ȻһǣѼӲʯ涼һһĺۼ
Ҫǳ˵ϣһٱȥСһ롣
Թ۵ĺǾڶű˺ܶǮʱҲɫ¶̣ϾǻǺϲġ
ϷŪңһٱҲ飬鷳Ҳûá濤
ؿڲʱߴ׳ۣ׶Ҫһ㡣
űȻˡ
ţűֵӮˣʦ̵ҡΪƫ˵ҵǸʦǸĲ콣Ҳң𣿡
濤ɵһ㵣űǳħ
ʱˣȻ˵Ӯ飿Ҫ
ֻѹֱ̫ӽ״̬ˣ
űıģ츳ǳǳ֮һ㣬ʦֶʦĽ̵֮£ɵ֡
գֻȥһ죬Ҫõʮ֣
ȥ»㱱ߵĽȻԳ˵ҪͶ۹Ҳܻᷢ
Ȼ濤ͷԣˣʦɢȥУ㱻һٱޡӮˣҵǸʦǸҵ֧콣ˡ
Ǻãʽʼˡű
濤죬̫ܿҪɽˣûйϹġ

ʱ̫Ѿɽһ룬ɫµ䳡ϣԵ
ںܶУȴЩ׳Ѫ
ȫµļѾںˣűվھʮ֮⡣
ΧԹߣĿӶűһˡ
ƽ۾ڰ
ǾҲһɵ񣬵ڶű䣬⼸ȴһ֮š
Ψ濤һϣͬ˪Ŀûڶűϣ˼ϡ
һϣȥűı̶Ը⿴
ʦԱĿ
뿴ҲĿΪʵ޷ܿһŵĵ㡣
˵Ŀеţûôš

űһ
ɹӦ۾ʮ֮ļаġ
ϡ
֪ʱ屶
٣֧ء
Ƕȡ
乭ʼ
ಡ
ڣűʮ
ˮһǳɡ
û׼ûͣ١
飬飬顭
һܼٶ֮
ʮ֧ȫ䴩˼С
˲䡭
ȫһļž
űûȥУΪҪѾ֪ɼˡ
ϣ꣬źã紦ӡ
Ǿ˵ľʮ֡
żаģһаģҾķǳǳֻ֮һ˿֮
Լе90֣г

濤ʱʱֻ̿Ҫűȥ
Ϊû
Ȼ
ȵű俪ʼ乭ʱ͸оЩĿˡ
Ϊű־ڱصãг
һзúܿ죬Ӳűʮȫˡ
˲䡭
濤Ѿܴ
Ȼתһ¶ܣգһ¶ܡ
ˣ·˲䱻ʩ˶һ㣬һ߾ĵܡ
о޷
ʮֻ֣һûаģȴҲǳӽĵıԵ
ֻ֣˿ࡣ
⡭οܣ
ξ
Ϊϻô飿
һʱ䰡ű侹Ȼһֱͻ˾ʮ֡
ɼͲǾޣǳ֮߸ˡ
ѾǼˣҲ㻨˴꣬Ŵһִﵽ̶оʮֵĳɼ
űֻһ죿
⡭Ѿŵķ˰ɣֱ˾˰
һ濤źһһɫ˶ű䡣

𾪵ģȻ濤
ȫˣӣеĺС
Ǹ׼Զű̵ŮӣֱӰеıӶˡ
ЩУԼҪӵ飬ȫ𺳵ʧ
ҲģҲ֪жѣôҪʱ䡣
űһ֮䣬Ӳ˼֡
ȥ̫ˣȻʵͷǰ
һһпˡ
ɣ뻹ˡٴ£ҵеܲˡұͦɫģҾұҪ
ԣҲ뻹ˣ̫ˡңҵҲȫˡ
еʦԭһֱ۾͵Ŷű䰤ӵĲҺ
Ȼʮ֮ȫ䳡һǳ֮ڡ
ʱ۾

ʦ·ҭסˡ
ƴڲԼ۾һοϸǲǻþ
ʮ֣˵ľʮ֡
ˣֻĸоˡ
ʱ˻ţѵǿΪΪΪʲôƾʲô

ű濤ǰҲ˹̶
濤ɶס
վ棬濤ʱ򣬳ܹףܹ˵ĳλǶǣϢ
ű촽ɫûĻ뿤Լɡ


104 侴ű
濤ǵһ濴ű׿еƫ
ʣű䲻ϲĳ࣬˵˵ű䳤ùƯˡ
ϲӢס
ʣűײḡһظС
۾Ȼ鶯ҲƮЩ
һ濤ŶűϹԲҴˡҶ֮ǰƫĵǸ
ţ濤ֳṪʦ֪űͬѧ˵ûдսϻһ͵Ľ͡Ϊ۹һܳŻá
λ濤ԾǶԣǴ۾ݲɳӣԼɳӡ
ȡߵĲ콣˫ַű֧Ǳ͸ҵģʺؽľƷͣͨҪսˣֽʺã͸ˡ
ű˫ֽӹ֧һ㡣
ʱзһ紵֮󣬽𶯡
ˮûκѪɱˣȻһֵ֧ľƷ
л轣Ҷû˽ġű
Ȼ濤·ֹ濤л޷
濤ģļܲȫαΪһһҹ֮䣬췭ظ֮Ҽδδţ÷ǳ֮
űѣþĿ꣬Ȼ
ʱ濤¶ӲŵĹâ
ľҲˣȻ֪һþĿ꣬ǼǰٷУֱӽΪߡ
ǾѱȼҪѵööడ
濤ľ츳ʮѾһǳǳߵˮƽˣٷ֮ʮŵžŵˡˣľҲ㻨ʱ䡣
ű䣬ֻһ졣
⡭Ҳ̫ˡ
濤ʦʲôʱʼ㡶ģ
Աߵûпʼֻ̣ǰⱾؼʱ֮ǰ
ʱ濤һα𺳵÷
һ㣬ôģ
űʦġؼǳ֮ɬҽڤ󣬻һַǳ״̬ʦǸؼԭҪģҵڤУΪӰչʾҵǰܹüţѧϰһǧ
濤̾Ϊֹ
Ȼû˵ʲôֱӳŶűһֵڡ
ڡűء
ߡ濤һ£켸ʮ뿪¡

ϣʦȫʰ飬һμű䡣
ѧ͹̶мľƣˡ
ܹʮһĿ̶һʱ䣬ȻѾˣֻʣ5ƶѡ
˵ѧԺıҵ󿼣һҡ
ףʦȣԼΪ˵ǻһ죬Ӧֻһ
濤˵ڤ磬𣿡
ű˵ͷģڤУʱʮҴԵʮֹ
ű価ķʽȥͣܲ˵һξϵͳɡ
̾Ϣڤ磬ֻ˵û뵽ȻĴڡʵ̫˼ˣ̫˲̫ˡ
ţλʦֱ˷ű䣬˵ŰȻûп㣬ѹ㾡е㰡
ţѧϰЩƻ˰Ҫѧϰˡ

궼ںͱսҪҲǳ֮ء
ٿԣԺ˵ѧԺǺҪһ
˵ѧԺıҵУͶռʮ֣15֡Ϊ˹㷺˲ţȷڶԱսʱ˶ս
ĿԷΪ֣ٶ20֣Խϰ15֣15֡
ҲƽһĿΪÿһѧԱԱսҲѡѧԺṩս
һЩѧԱбпɽѧԱڼǰһƥ񿥵սȻÿ춼ιԶϴˢëÿնѵ
Щ˺սĬȼߣӮˡ
ЩͨѧԺսֻѡѧԺṩͨսڿԵʱ
ϵƥǻ֮ܵﶼšűҲûһë۾ͬʯһұѰս߳ͷҲ˼硣
ִֵֿǧϡ
˵֮ڱҵܲѹ
൱ɽ˿ŷȴ⣬Ӯ
Ϻˣߺüˣ㿪һܸߵķϿ϶ǽӽֵġ
ȻǵĶűͬѧҲпɽģһǺӲӲĿɽ
һƥڱҵ绢ű䶼û뵽µʱѾȥˡ
ѧսȥһǧƱ
ֵǧ֤˿ϵһƥʱٶ
ĻǧҪˡ
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űӦÿ˰ɣӦںϡ
ԼƥǧҲޱȵĿУǱȺһ̨ܳҪţؼǱҵſԶø߷֣Ųϡ

һҴ󺣴ϣ̽Ȼڵ˯ȴʱʱ̿
ǵһƥͷβˣʹÿȥֻһƥͨƥѣֻԸߴһЩ
⼸˾ȥɹΪűĶܹ̽һǧӣǴɹͥ͵ľƷǧ
ЦǣƥǧɹͥһǧƽңԶġЩ˰ת˶̽ȻǸﶼС
ǧЩ̽һʱͽת磬½·ۣȻһͨĺ£ݸ۵½
֮Գͨ˵սΪв˾˵ˮʦϵĵ̡
򳶯һӸűһʵ飬Ҫ͵Ȼ׳Ϊ˹İѱ
һ·ݣ̴ͨõѡ
һ·ϣĸ̽С΢սսΨֶűƥǧ˲
񣬺ϾҪʻͿԿˣڿһˡ
ҺݸĴ
ϵĻ󲿷˽Σ˿˲εȵȣ󲿷ֶ˽¶ˣÿһ̶˽
װϣһԶͼҵ½صӰӡںƯô죬Ҫؼˡ
ǴĶΪӢֻΪ˺磬ƤЩڣɸˡ
˳ϵĲ˯洵ʲô
ǺˣҲøߴ󣬵ƤڣװӣȥЩòˡֻ˶֪ǿͼֵ׷ӡ
Щ˯š
Цϱˣ
һЩˡ
Ȼ渡ֳӶƼףʱࡣ
û˻һݣǾǶűı˽
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ˣһǶƼˣƼͷӣǾŶƼһӣǶűѾ꣬ȻҪƼš
ڴʱ
ಡ
ȻӺڰĺϣ͵֧
͵սնˣ
Ȼһ׺
ͣͣ
˽ֻ˽ֻ
ȫװϼϣκηΥ߸ɱۡ

ȻһսͶʯͶһߣҴ󺣴ıϡ
Ȼ˿µͶʯ
ⲻǹ塣


105 䣡Ѱ·
ҹɽȥˣѯʹǧ顣
˯һ֮󣬶űʼѧϰ֪ʶ
ͼЩƣֿͨѧҺԼսڵĸ飬ԵĬ
Ȼھ츳ߵ˵ȴֱþսһﵽ߾硣
ȻǾ仰Ϊѵһ󲿷˶ǿѧս˯顣
츳ߵˣѧϰ¼սľ񲨶ֱӿսǰˣܣ̡߳
֮߾ͷ·˹һ
ֵֻ㾫ѣҪսľ񲨶ҲǺѵġ൱ȥѧϰսľԣҲҪ¼ʱ䡣ȻǶͨ츳ߵ˵ҾͲ֪ˡ
ǧûǺѰ찡ΪսľȫҪоģÿһƥս;񲨶ΣҲвԵġ
ңϵƥǧѾ˺ü꣬ĬѾǳˡűǧ·ϣҪ㿪ʼѧϰǴˡԣҪϳȷʵ̫ס
ΪǧûеǲҪ˷ʱ䣬ȽС¼ƪѧϰóһؼ
ⱾؼרŲսľ磬񲨶Σԡ
Щ֮󣬱Ժսơ
ǲǺţƣԾͬһ
Ҫ¼ƪʱʹҴææڽһֻŸ룬һžͲ
ˣϷĽš
ȡһʱɫ䡣
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Ϲȱɱˣֵ޹ʦһΪϵЧ
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УһеĴ̿ʦʱʱ̶̿ϹͼɱȱôսһսϵҴˣֻӮ䡣Կһ˱Ҫ
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ڿҪ꣬Ѫ䣬Ҫһĺȥܴ¡
ȻһˣֵһŽҪɱȥ
һѪȰ
Ҿȥ죬ѿһɱ˾ͻļγ̱Ҫʮ죬һˣʡ˾첻ǣרоҸġ¼ؼǧûеһ֮Ǿѧϰȡʮ֮ھͰ㶨Σ
һϷ࣬űܹ˵
ҹؼǶűҲϹ£Ȼȱ书ߣڿһϾһͳ˧ܲһʦĴֻ̿ͣǰûǧշ֮
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Ŷűʦλһ𣿡
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ʦϣܳɹնɱһƽű䳯ԶȥıӰ¡

ˣűѧ֪ʶ
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·սƪĵһ仰ǣҪսֱӵİ취Ǻβľ硣
һ仰ôţƣ
⿴ؼĺϵһ⣬߸ϡʵмˣľλʦЩж֪㲻һּ
һ²ۣһ߾ʦű俪ʼѧϰⱾؼ
ޱޱ֮ɬ¡
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潲ĶǾ񲨣ȫȫŵ硣
Ϊ˽սľ磬񲨶ΡⱾؼ潫սĴԣ񾭵ȵȫ泹зǳϸͼ⡣
ˣΪ˷Ķ⣬ỹսľ񲨶ͼƬʽȥǳ
ˣˣ
һؼʵȫȥѡŵ˰ɡ
ĶȥűǶԴʦɽֹȫⱾؼ档
ⱾؼѾǳˣһͼ⣬̫̫̫ѡһҳݣűҪüСʱһҪ˼һӡ
Ȿؼа˰ٶҳ漰ľмǧ֮ࡣ
ֱ죬ѹ˵ҪʱѧϰⱾؼ
ؼᾹȻд˳ⲻʲô
Сʱ󣬴ʦ˽ͷȻűүڵϸʲô
űһ㵣ԼȻĲ֪Ķˡ
ԭϵǾ仰ģΪʲôڵϿƵ
Թ֮󣬶űĶⱾ¼սƪؼһȫͶؼʱ
ԽͶѧϰⱾؼűԽڴԼƥǧִͬڴԼĵһһһһܡ
ڴʱȻһ˵
ҹɽѯǧ
Сˣǧվ˵ۿˣҹڽĺȴˣ
ʲô
ű伸һӾըˣȻ˸ǧ
Ȼ˸ĲƲҪ



106 ǱҴ
˭ô죬Ȼҵǧűʵ
ڲ飬źܿн
ѹǧĹ渵
Ϊ鲻ܹ󣬶ֵּǧ˴ѣԶٰ̽ɿ̣ǳ͵һҴ̴£ҰƥǧΪͨ
Ϊв˾ǵĵ̣ϱһϵĵ̣˴ֻзȫġ
ԭһʧģû뵽Ҫʱ̴ȻˣǧҲˡ
űĵıˣ᲻һϵ֪̽ǰɹںϰǧߣҪ֪в˾ǵĵ̣Ҳڹ㶫͹紦ĺϳµġ
ʱȣȥɹһƥǧҪһ£Ҳδܹ򵽵ġ
ҪһƥֵĴǧӲܣȫǿ
ؼűھҪѧϰʱҴ
ǧ֮ˣһû𣿡űʵ
̽ͨƥǧǵ书ܸߣɱˣɼԷ书ߡ
Ҳˣֻһɸ봫飬дţС˵ߣԷǿ˫ΦսصǾﴦ档ɳ촬ȥµĺ棬Ѿûκټˣ̴ͽսսʧӰ١
˫Φս
ǲǺֻˮʦв˾ս˿㶫˵ɼϱɼ
Ӧô죿ֱܲҵ㶫в˾ȥҪҪ˼ҿ϶ϣҲû֤ݣؼʱھǡʹǵˣһϵȺף㶫в˾϶ǲűġ
Ȼǲǹ㶫в˾˵ű֤þϱΪ
սļʿϵһ̴˭̴űʵӦܹ鵽鵽˭ǵǧ
̴Ѿ鵽ˣݸΪ˴ݾߣûж֡λе⡣
⣿ʲô˼űʵ
ȢӣĽƼ
ű侪㵣ƼķҲݸɽصĴԭȻһ̣һðǧ
ôɺϣı
֮ǰűӦƼ㣬ݸһȥЩ춼̫æµˣһʱҲ
û뵽վҪȥķңֻû뵽Ȼַʽȥ
ߣȥɽأҡű
ǣˡ
Ȼű뿪£Ѿ׼õǰɽء
ű仹ģ߻ԣڻҪš

ɽؾݸһ·УϵĶű伸ҪɢˣʮСʱŸϵʱѾˡ
һʣȻ֪ļԭλ̷ǳɽصĴ
űˣСʱƼϲԹǣڽȻׯ԰
˼ʮ·һƬլӳǰ
ƬȫԳƵׯ԰ˣΧǽ̨ͤ鿣мʮĶ֮ƼȻһ֮ҡ
űȺţȥ㣬Ȼٴǧٵ顣
ǣСˡ
űһҹ·û˯Ƿ糾͡
ߵլĴţūš
𣿡⸮ļūûµĻȥɣҪǸǰǻ
ū˵ĿȴͱСؤ̬ȺһЩ
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⻰һǼūϸϸ˶űһȻţҽȥ
áűȻȺ
ԼӺǸūͳˣ
űū˽ķլ֮ۡС

լ֮ۡ󣬶ű䷢ׯ԰濴ɣ濴Ҳݣںֻݴǳѧϰ԰ֽĻݣڼԽǸԽϰڣȱĵ̡
λūűȥһƫ̫ذӴ˲Ӧ
ūԺƬ̣һ㡣
űһ裬ǲֵǮĴֲ衣
űʵüˣɵţȻǼūһЩֵǮĵġűһҹ·Ҳöˣɵ̻ʵس
ʱūб֮ɫŨ
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̬ȵȻ̸ȣҲ̸жôʢˡ
Сӹʵ
ǵġű
˵ˣʲô飿
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λԼԼ֮в԰ΡܶʱűʵţΪλԲеز
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ʲôҴңСүղλǧ˵úǲܶѫ֮ˣű侹ȻҴСү
ű˵ҿžһᡣ
СүҪ֣̱ץס˫ۡ
žžžžžűּݣӵ˼£Сүϰٸ⡣
ϰٸ⣬ֻݣֱӽСү״ͷ
λСүһʼӲ汻ûǺ
ţҵĽ㡣ǿķϣ㡣
ű֮ϵѪȻֱƺͷһһã׵ϣʹöԷҪ
ڴʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲȻű忪޻ʮʿ˽
Сүˣ·ǣʱ˻ңҡȺ˵ҵƮ¥ɱˣҴңȫ͢ĺС̫ץȥ򳣬ⳡԩĻʹ
޻ǰĿ˶ű䡣
ԣжűС̫࣬ץסҪˣҪ˫ֿСүŭ춯ְ˫ֿ
޻쳤̾Ȼƺ˰뱭ƣְϵĺˣӣȻսȭͷ
Сү֮ʱ˷ЦС̫ű䣬֣ŰҵǰŰ
İɣһġ޻Ȼһȣֱӳ嵽ǰȭͷᡣ
顭
ǿıᣬֻȭͷͬһȥűղſֺݶˡ
ȭ򣬶һߡ
ƣķ·Ҫ׶ӻļơ
ȭȭ⣬Žŵǣűڱ϶۰
СүǾȻ󱻴ûɢ
λӢСүɱһҽС

˰ӣСүƨҽԽԽˣ޻ȭͷóѪˡ
ˣٴҪˡ
űǰס޻үٴˣٴҪˡ
ҴҴ޻Ҿ͵ûӣ࣬ɵ档˰Ҫ۸ˣ㻹˳ֵܡ˼ɵĶӵֵܣ˼תͰҪЮҡҪǶȣܵˡ
ݣҵ껹䵽ǽȥҲù޴֡޻Խ˵ԽֳŶߡ
ȻֱϣûĿкᡣ
űһơ
޻ӹȥ£ֶЦˣŲңл顣
űЦЦû˵ʲô
޻ѧ֮ұܵļ˾ͱŻˣӶǶȣѾɵˡҾԼǷϹ֣ȥæＯãһʱûüؼҽѵӡѧĵڶ죬ɵĶӺȾƣֱӱ˰ˣһֱͷŻ֪ʲô飬ΪԼֻǺ˯һѱ˵ֵܡ
ţ޻ԼһƣűҲһƣû뵽ִˡֶģȥ̸֮ϱһӼ̳ҵľλǸСһЩ£ʵ֡ûгϢպⱻ۸ֶԺչˡ
űϽٱүˣȻӴ࣬Եֲǳġ
ű˵չ޻Ķǿ治˵ЦҲ˵δǰ;͵ļ̳ˣ㹻޻ĺˡ
ȺûȨƵѫ󣬳һЩʲоλ֮⣬һˡ
ʲô˵ˣھˡ޻ֺͶűһȻֶæģҰӴؼˡ
үߡűϽ͡
޻һ֣ʿǰСү̧ˡ
ԱߵͤλүǿЩûĻ˵˵ЦģȴӶ
޻Ǹˣű黭۷ء
ͤȻǶǧݸĵλȨأ޻ûرҲ㣬Ҳ㡣
űЦ壬ͱˡ
ȻĿƼˡ
ղŷһУаСʱȻ˺Ͷү¡˵·ȥһꡣ
һз̫ͻȻ̫⣬Ҳ̫𺳾˰
Ϊűֻһݶѣû뵽Ȼˡ


112 С۲ʶ̩ɽ
ȻСʮҵĴСүǶһָͷͿҡ
ű䣬ֻһݶѣ˵ȣ˵ĻҵūͶ硣
ȻΪݶű䣬ɱˣСүͷؼǣ޻Ҫм
ңȻ˵ɱɱˣһҪҡ
ݣǿ̾ϰĵͷߴ尡Ȼ˵ˣֱӶı
ǷΪƣΪ갡
ʱűбޱأޱǿ
ȻʵҲˡ
λȻ󣬵˽µ̫࣬Ҳ˾ĿưԱкܴĺɫ˾ٴ󣬶Ͱˡ
͸ĳЩͷĿȥ棬ʡ߹ٶ̸ЦȻֻҪٷҪһؼеľֳʹ´ˡ
һԱô󣬵ҲɱɱûɱЩԱȨһƷҲֻлʵ۲ܶӡٵķǿɲ˵˵ѡ
ҲŪĹϣֻöűĪ⣬ȨѬ졣
£űĿ̹ͷˡˡ۲ʶ̩ɽ֮ǰײ˴ˣ˿ڶϱϣĹңֻͷһˡ
űĿĲʲô⣬мֱͬɱһʱŵûɢ
Ĵ˵ɱɱˣֲһָˣ
˵λ˸ղǾȫ壬ΪûгƼԸԼȥƼ㣬͵һűҪ顣
űǰˣƼĳȻҲҵĳ
ʱƼˣϴһȻСܣܰæȳҸ𣿡
۾һһγűµ˳ҼҷͶӣҪ뿪ڣ񸾾޶
űģһȡƼ㣬ȴȥһҿջϢ
ղλ˵ı֣ѾöűȳɷͶˣҲ˳飬Ѵ֮
ƼȥջݳзӣǾϢҪȥֵլȥҪǡ
˶ԶűǧлȻƼȥˣү¡ͷҲ뿪
үæߣһҪæű
ǣǡ¡
ȵ˺ͶƼ뿪֮󣬶űĿڶү¡ϡ
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űĿ⣬¡ʱɢֱӹڵϿͷ㿴ֶϱϣĹ
ͤʵҪɱ𣿡
űˣɱǲɱˡ͵ĳһӿʲôʱʲôʱꡣ
͵úǿǱҪˣգֻܻɵ
ǣԱߵĶʿȻ̽¡ߡ
¡ŵô󺿵˷ŹҰɣŹҰɣӣӡ
ûкֱ꣬Ӿͱˣͬһϳȥһʱ򣬾ͻͺܶһŽڿڿһӡ

ɱɱˣҲˣӦðˡ
űͤôһ˵ͤҲ
ѺǧǼλֵҲ̫ˣ꼰˰ͤв˾ˣٹʲôʱôƢȻѺЩ̵Ĵֻˣÿв˾յЩ̵Тɽһ㰡
ű˭˵أȥһв˾ҵǧҸҲųһֻҪƲ忴Ű졣
ͤû⣬ϡ
űðҪӴ𣿡
Сͤв˾ٹɵ͸èƵġǧҪػҪһӡֶûиŪǧӣҾ͵òְ
űô
ͤ㰡Ϸ磬˵ڲû㹻ʶֻҪһʹ˯þ˵Ϻˡ
űѾܵˣҲᵱ˵ɱӡ򳻹ûлѾ˴ĻȥǴ㣬뿪ˡ
ͤļֶȦڵãһһû˯˰ɣϽ˯ȥһݸҴžͻӺǧ
λݸĶǧеĻҪģű䶼Ҫˡ
ţͤˣѶŹӴȥõլӣ˵Ķӣչ˺ˣСǵƤ
ǡԱߵһλݶְٻٸϽϥµ

ȻݶǧͤҹǰݸΪűûǧӪҸӡ
űסݸõķӣݶλְٻ޲ðеĺöű϶ѡ
ӣȥõľ硣
ӣ˯䲻䣬̸Ů˯ϲңϲϲģϲ곤ģ
ű죬䲻䣿
ǸöűԶ˶ģ뻹ˣԼĶӣǹ˰Ҫе档ҪŮˣҲŵǽ̣Ӱ첻á
űˣְٻѾչ˵÷ǳܵˣűж
򲻸ңС˵ĸλְٻͬһ˵䣬Ȼп˼ɺãǰһΣڶ޷ʱʱ̶̿ڸ䴹ҵȰȻôһλΰжˣǶĹǣжˣ˵˺ܿҪʹˣ
ԡűֱ˵
̫ˡְٻԵޱȼ۰ϻʬλزͣȥˡ
űְٻģһ߸ɵġ
λְ׻ֱһϥǹȥȻǵϥ¹˫ֱȭĳߵлС˶䡣
С˶ˣȺ̫ƨĹһһİңʮˣԶűһ˵͹
ˣְٻű
С밲˯κҪҾ棬һͳɡλְٻȻ󹧾˳ȥ
ȻλְٻľͶһԺţ׼һҹ˯ʱʱ̿ű춯ֻҪű亰ˣһʱȥ
ű䵱ȻΪλְٻѾʮˣȻûʲôɽԺȥ
ͤϵͤԼҲֻһǧѣԶű֮Ȼץס뾡һа취ͽᣬֻűһӡδǰһ죬òˡ


113 Ѫһҹްն
ű価ܺû˯óġ¼սƪؼɿһҳһҳֻ򵥵䣬ȡξѧϰؼ
Ļһ磬ǧҪˣѧϰؼÿϡ
ְٻűһһҹû˯ʱȻ˯ڵ¿飬ɵȻ𾴣Ȼ̴վ΢΢վԺ棬ȺκηԸ
űûмһĻġ
λٻʮʱҲǷں˵ѧԺڶҵֱӷ䵽٣ε緢ԼҪ˵֮Σ־ʮ֮ǰҪϹʹ
Ȼʵǲпģں˱ڤɣܶɸ˾޴ĴۣòԶ;ܵ˱ڤɵϮѨһ̴Ӵ书һǧɣʮûн
Һǧͤϧ˰ٻרŸӴ֮¡
Ӵˣλһ书ֱһӭƨǧټѰκλǧĹְݣһɶӣ̫
һݰٻûġ
˵֮оǿˣ⻰㲻١

ġ¼սƪϺ󣬶űȲϴ˯
һһҹû˯ǰ˯Ű
ȻûΣһ˯ʮСʱʱѾпˡ
ű۾ͼЦְٻ
СְٻϺõˢϺõľΣϺõë׼ˮµģͨģģԼϴŮΪϴأ
Լű
Ȼְٻ΢ط£űϴˢ
Ѿ׼ˣ²ְܵٻС
ϣߵˣлأ䣬ÿһ֮࣬
ɫζȫűһ۾ͿһĴģͨټʮϣǼˡ
ȻӣҲù˲ţϾÿһ˶һΪ۹Ϲѡ
ڲǰ£ű䵹ǲġ
ְٻһ˫ӣȻڴŶű䡣
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֮󣬶ű䳯ְٻ˴Ĵָ
ְٻؿڵСϲ̤ʵˡ
űְٻһԡ
ְٻСǰūλð
ű뿪˵ѧԺ󣬾˳붫Ҳֻһ٣ʱְٻҵ˾ˣųԣվ̺򣬲ʡ
ְٻǷΪСˣ֮λܱġ
űֱ˵³ԡ
ǡְٻףȻֻƨֻһӣš
̬ű俴Щˡ

һͺҹű䶼Ķ¼սƪȫս񲨶ξ硣
죬ͤŻᵽݸȥݸа˰ٶ
ϣű侹ȻһҹΡ
ˣΪҲܽξѧϰ¼սƪؼأ
Űҹʱ֣ű䱻ˡ
СˣСˡְٻֵ̿СС˯ˡ
϶ǳ˼ˣְٻԲԳ˯
ű޷Ҫ飿
ְٻӹķɸ봫顣
˫ַһţûд򿪣֮ڡ
ű𿪣дż֣űֶб䣬ݡ
ɵþ㵣ʲô飿
ͤǧ㲻һҪűǰ
̴ǹв˾ѺģűǧҲǱߵġ
вʹٹһϺˣòˣֻͤҪԷһύǧҸӣҪһӡ
ͤ˵һʧģĸ˵׵ģûʮֵİǲ˵ĻΪδʱ˱仯
ʲô仯ֻȥݸ֪ˡ
űְٻΪ׼Ҫȥݸ
ǡְٻ
Ƭ̺һʻڶűǰְٻԴʮʿͶűȥݸ
űҪ;漸·ˡ

һҹһ죬·ʮСʱűŴݸϵݸ
ݸϹפأĸۿڵأҲִıСȻйģȲϹֳǺǣ̶й֮
һҾ¥棬űݶǧͤ
Ҿ¥õİڣһõľƲдű䡣
ͤһɣεֶܣܽǧûҲ޷ȻҸӣǶˡ
ű䲻ɵþ㵣ô
вʹţȻҲǶűǲʹŸɵڣԴ
ͤһǶҲòõˡвʹֻһߣ̴Ѫ԰Ѫ
ɶǸŮˣ
ű侪ǡԩ·խ
Ϊʲôű価֪𰸣̲סʵ
ͤԴ˽֮Ѻ̴нӣΪϹＯãҲ֪Ϲʮ£ΪϹƽѡҵ̴¶ˣѪùǧҲ꼰㣬ˡ
űˣֻ֣Ҳݣ
ǰΪϹʾ°ϹƽѶ֣ΪǴ۹۷֣ԷＯãȻٵűͷˡ
⡭Ǻε֮Բ۰
˿̣űֻһ仰ǾǴʦĿͷ
Ҫ꣡
һ֮սȻǿٳＯѵģһ涼ûˡ
ȻǱѪߵģҲ޷ԵѪҪŪű䣬ϾˣҲй֮ס
һҹްն
˵Ů˱˯֮󶼻ĶǴӣ֪ǲģ
ÿ֤һ
һһẓ̌


114 ˾Ѫļ
ǡҺѪе㽻飬һұȥǧҪű
ʱͤһͺãͺá
ڴʱűĪظоë𣬷·𸽽һǳǿ
Ƕű䣬ͤҲĿһԵ÷ǳ֣أҲܵһΣյϢˡ
ţ˽Ųŵ
˭Ͻ뿪
洫˷ǳŮȴ֮
ȻָʹƹģùİᣬôĸèԷˣǸϽҰеȫ
⻰һűĿһ
ڹʡȻ˸ҶԶ񣿼ֱǻòͷ˰ɡ
űǲǿͷģͤǧأⳡֵˡ
ڴʱű򿪣¥ƹͷӴˣǳǳǸܲ鷳һᣬ¸һþƲˣҷĲȡ
⻰һűɫ΢΢һ䡣
ΪƹֱӺӴˣȻ֪ͤݵģҪǸϳᣬɼԷͷ
ʲôܸи󵽰ɡ
ڴʱűղ˵ǸŮˣʱ۾ɵһ
ΪŮȻһž¾ףױĲߣԼһңǰĳߴ翰濤
˵еͯվ鰡ԵĶ
䣬಻ʮ꣬Ȼӣ治֪ʲôġ
űĿ⣬ŮƳһۣɿһĮӡ
վǸӢΰӣԶűĿ˵⣬ʲôС۾Сܿģ
ţӲͷƹĿ㣬˸ߣȫ
űע⵽ϱһŹһŷǳǳֵǮǿ
¥ƹʱͤ
ű䱾ΪͤᲪȻŭģȻֻǵͷá
ȻŶű뿪ˣó˰ᡣ
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ʱűעһŮӡ
վɫŮߣüŴֲۣһѽ
ղϺë𣬾ΪŮӣѹΧһС
ű仹ǵһμ˰Ե֮ˣɼŮ书ǳǳ֮ߣűԼֻڴʦϸܹ
ֻΪͣͷô
˵ͷܴŮӣű䷢Ŀûκ˵Ĵڣİһˡ
ְյ

һᣬǸƹ񲻶ϾϹͤԭ£Ѿ׼һӷʢľƲˡ
ǧС˵ĴǸСֻùһζѣû뵽Ķռôǿ¥ƹ֪СҲӴ˰ǸָᣬҲܵ衣
ֵͤûʲôҲס
¥ƹ̾ϢԺǸҪκ˽ȥˡ
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濤ѩҲûô谡űĵĲ⡣
Ⱦ¥ƹ˳ȥֶ֮ͤһ÷ǳɡöȻҲб۸ʱ򣬶һҳ
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ͤѩ濤治ô裬ŮȷʵԣΪǼ˸ǡ
ļҵģűʵ
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ѹŮ֮裬ѩ濤Ҫţһλ˾
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Ϊ˾һ˾֮һ
ڹϣؽ紦ϼӵнݺἸ˿ڴʮյľӳ֮ޡ
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˰ٶƽгʮŸ˾سʮƽ
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űʱһ
ǽħ棿ѹǿϢĵز
ͤ˵λħʦһκĶԹѾ˼ʮˣ¡
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ѩ濤£ǵ۹ļλʦ֮һ
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ܷܷѾѧˡͤǶ鱨ܷܷĽ츳ߣΪ²ˡ
ţͤ⽣ħһֱģ֪ʲô
űܷܷǸӢӣɵʵǸŹ˭
ͤϼĹ򻧣֣ҡ
ű˰ֵʱˣϼţҲʱǲͷϡڵ֮Ѫûҵǧ

űһγѪ԰Ѫǰ
ŮĻôűĿɱղ»㱨űʱĪһļţȻ屾ܵһȡ
ӦԼҲһ
ҲֻһԵѣű仹һ쵰
˺һǿָǻɱ
㻹ңѪ


115 Ѫбɫ
űʲôҼģͺ˵һٴˣһεȶģȫ޹أҶˡ
㻹˵Ѫ߳
űͶˣ˵ˣ˵ˡ
ţװʵİܽضκ𣿺𣿡
ˡѪûʲôϽ˵ûйĥ
ű˵Ϲˮʦв˾ѺһҺ
ѪΣЩ˽˽Σڵ۹ǽǡѵÿѺ𣿡
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ѪһȱڻϰҹղԣֻЩ̸⡣
űӦõģ˽º͸¶һ£ӿˣ괬
ѪŶűһӦʮ
űʮ̫ˣϵĶܶ඼ԼġʮȻƲһӰѪŸҲá
Ѫʲôˣ
űҽƼĹȻ۹ΪأϹľΪءܹͬܵķΧ֮ڣݺһ
ѪĬһǿѺҴ̴๻ˡȻˣóˣ괬
ѪվǽһҹްնǶűĹˡ
ǣűٹĵˣǸ㰢ܽأȾ϶˭㱨𣿡
˭㲻ҪʡѪҡͷңҲˡ
ű䲻ɵһ㵣ѪϹŮڹϾôԸǡˣȻˡ
㲻üװŹң϶飬˵ɡѪװŲͷ
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ȻЧԶԶˮҲŮ˵ű仨ʮġ
˰ҪҲлĴͳˡ
ҴЩѪüͿ˵
ű佫õ徫ͷϣǿѺ̴ǲǻһƥƺͨʵϡ
ֵǧѪһǧĸˣ书ܸߣˡ
űĸǶˣƥҵġ
ģѪǿһƥֵǧһ˵ѧԺС̫࡭
ű常ģΪڱҵ󿼵õһ߷֡
ѪŵӲ̰ī˼ӣȻһӸ
ű˵ͷ
Ѫѵĸǧôſڣһ仰˵
űֿҵ󿼻һ첻ˣƥǧҷǳҪֱӹϵҵĳɼҵǰ;ԣƥǧҡ
ʱѪɫѿ
㣬ˡѪ
űɫһôˣ
ѪƥǧѾˣ
ˣű侪˭ˣ˶Ǯ
һǧӡѪ
⻰һű䲻ɵըˣǲǴвɣҵǧʲôʸ常һģһǧӽˮˡ
űĻ˲伤ŭѪ͵ذγҪ̶űˡ
붯䣿вҪɱҰʲôűŭŮ˳˻٣ʲô
⻰һѪ׶ʱһ鴤ҧĿ죬ǰѱֲ˻ȥ
飬ȷʵûԶű䶯䡣
ƴѹеŭѪһһΪ٣Ϊձѣ常ûоô죿ʮûзô죿ʵûã˵쵰Ĺٺ佫Ż쵰ңЩ˽𹫷˽ѵӦ𣿡
⻰һűʱЩήˣΪ˵е
űȻ޹ְΪĶӣѾ˵мˣҲǵ۹Ȩһӡ
۹óӣĹټţ佫Σ˵ֺγûΣȴҪȥָѪȷʵͦûġ
һűԲҲ˵㡣ǵ۹ãȥ١
űѪȦ΢΢һ졣
ԺҪ˵ңܡѪŤһߵ
⻰öűһȫǴѪ˵İ
е㲻һιȻŪ˰Ѫضˡ
ڹʱŮһ˯ͱȻİ
Ů˾ԲˣȻҪ¡
ãǧô£űϽʵ
Ѫƥǧ͸常ġһ˿ˣǿһǧߣֹ
ѪǿǧѪѾǳǿˣ˸᲻
ű˭
ѪҶﲻˣ㲻һֱʸҰܽأȾ϶˭Ҿ֪ǸҲܱϼĹܷܷ
ݡű䲻ɵ³һ໰ԩ·խ
űʵݶСΪҪ㣿
ѪҪ濤ˣֱֲӱϣҡ
ϼΪҪ˺濤űʵ
Ѫʱ˾ңսҵʱ򣬹˺纣ˣ˾ʱͷ֮纣Ķտ濤δԾӡս纣ȥס˸濤޸ϣ˵νСүӭȢܷܷܷܷȴлԼģϼԼܵ裬ǶԹ˵⡣
Ϊαͷϣűʵ
ѪϼȢ濤ȢΪ檣常ס常ҵ⣬ҵȻԸ⣬常оܾˡܷܷңıһҺˣҷðܽأҶ񫷢ղܣΪϵ
Сˡűŭһȭϡ
ôǰߴô˾ɫ˼ȴ˴Ы
ѪȻǶűʲôˣҲйϵİ
С˲Ѫһǧǿűǧǰ֮ΪΪ
ĬãѪ̧ͷŶűƥǧҪ𣿡
űͷҵ󿼣ֻǧܶ߷֣ѹľϣһƥǧǳ⡣
ѪȥܷܷҪǧ
űҼСˣЫҰ֮˭黹ƥǧ𣿡
һ㣬űʾǿһɰ
ѪҡҡͷӦòУŮСͱ軵ˣָʹռǿеĺöԸٵҲܽ
ȻѪΪѵԣƥǧкܴҪ
űüͷһֱֻռ˳Բÿġ
ܷܷͷȻǵ𣬵űɲϳԿ
űһа취ˣȥҪǧҪһ̵Ľѵݺݵش
ܷܷ˾̫Űˣ֮ǰͤϳ᲻˵ȻѪѻƬ

ѪʱɻȴҲڴ
ܷܷԳ֮Ϊ۹ϵĹ濤ǵ𣬵ܷܷԲǡ
ѪǣҲǲűֻ˵ѧԺһС̫࣬ʲô֮Ů
űܳɹҲΪѪˡ
ܷܷҲĳˣĴҲǸ㱨ˣôңű̲סڻһȣұźܱһ¾Σ
˵űͺˣ޲øԼһ⣬˵Ů˲òˣ㻹ܲסԼ죬Ļµġ



116 ʺСװ
űĻѪ˲͸͵һ顣
ţҧгݣ޺ŶűٵϷңҾͽʺ
űϽתƻˣҪһǳȨ˸һȥҪסӡ
ѪʱҧеŶű䣬ҪöűϷĸоȻ쵰ȴת˻⡣
¹£Ѫһˣһܷܷ
űʵ˭
϶Ϲ濤ΪѾʾˡ
ҺϽѪ
֣űʱȻ𾴣ܵվֱ塣
ҺޣֱǴһһ޸衣
Ҳǵ۹ϵһ˾ȴǱȴ컹Ҫҳϵ˾ÿһε۹սλӰ
²ս˾ƽսλŮǾΪ۹ɱ
ÿ۹£˾ᾩگҡ
ֻλҺ޽ÿ͢һֽگ鵽ʾǧҲἰʱϵս
ʮϼǾǧǾһһ磬ȺмǾΪ۹սɳ
ĸףӣɷͳͳսϣʹΪŮ֮˾
ˣҲΪλϽϣЩ˾ܴȴҲ¶ˣΪϵǾ̫뺷ܴˡ
ǰ˾ңϹµĽʮҺ޵֧Ǿܴ˺պս
ս󣬻ʵҪҺΪ۹ȴܾˡ
ΪҺΪ纣ͱˡ۹ϲһ˾λϹȱϹԵ۹Ҳ
ԵΪֹҺϽֻһ
Ѿʮˣ۹ҪϹƽѣʵһֽگ飬λϽǶ˵ǧǾϹ£һΪ۹ս
ԣѪᵽ֣ű̲ס𺳣һҪżĸо
常һˣҲλҺϽ˻࣬ǾԵѡ
ϹĴʦˣΪҺ޽ݸűʵ
ѪһЩ˾ϲ⣬ƴ常˺Һ޽ҥԣҪӡ
ˣλѾѮˣҥɣ˵ҺϹȱˡ
ȥ֮ǰҪһͷһ¹ڣȻȥݼ˼ҡű
áѪ
ȻŶű䲻ע⣬ϵƿõ徫ͷɿ˳ˡ
϶űһжȴװûпȻҪ£Ů˲òˡ
ȥϽ֮ǰȰӸ˰ɣûʱˡű
áѪܲȻ͸һ
ֱ̫ˣƯزס¡

в˾һڣѪڽѵӣͷ֮ǰй£Ȼв˾һְλ
Щ̣˽ֱɥĲ񡣡Ѫʮ˽Ͷȥ͢˰ôգ
Ա߾в˾һ̫ٹĸ˵ˮʦһǧ
ű䣬ʺû¶棬ϾߺҲܹ󰡡
λв˾̫վҲ࣬ԼʺĶű䣬ǳع񣬱ʾ֮⣬Ȼڶű֪ġ
ű˵ͷûٶʾ⡣
ѪѵӣǲҪؼң̴ҲҪȥǳ˵ΡǷ˽ε㹻նˡ
⻰ͨѪ˵ЩΥͣһͷӽ˽ˡ
̹µѪ﹫
еȻ֪νնǼٵġ̴ûҲƲˣֻƴؿͷ
ˣű䳯Ѫȥһۡ
϶ãҲץˣҲȥҪѪ飿
⻰һһ㵣ԼĶ䡣

Ѿ׼Ѫˣʮʮ
֮궼׸ɡ˭õ۹ҪأһǴ̡
û뵽Ϳ
̵֪ĴˣӶ˽һֵΪ⣿
˵ԼȣԱв˾̫Ҳǳ⣬ǮˣҲû˵жţĿɽ
ô㲻Ը𣿡Ѫ
ϲߵݵСԸ⣬СԸ⣬л˿
ѪǾȥѻȥɣͷƱ͵в˾
ǣǡͷ
Ī֮ϲҲס˴룬βϲ

뿪в˾֮ǰͷȡ
ڽ϶ű׷ȥⲮȴ֮Ȼݸһƽ˺Ƽ㶼ˡ
һ㵣Сǣ
ű䡣ű
ԱߵǶű䣿Ƽĵܵܣ
ԣҡű
ЦԭԼ˰лŰȥȲ衣
˵գóһԪԼжʮңһڶű
һǶԶűļ񣬶Ǵ͵˼Ϊűרһ˰бţû׬ôѵġ
ϾĿУƼһҶ仧Ƽһ˴
Ȼ飬ȴûнű䵱һµģϾҲһ̣Ҫ̫ҲѣοʸĶϱݡ
ΪæµԾͲдСˡСҪݸĻ鷳һ»˵Ѿƽˣܿؼҡ
Ȼ⸸Ӷ˾Ҫ뿪ǰͷ
űĵԪЩЦãһα˵ɴˡ
ؼ˼̬ȲԴû
ʹʱһ˼Ҵҵ׷
֮ת־Ȼв˾ˮʦǧ̫
ʱɫһ䣬Ψб䣬˱թһٵ׼
С˰ݼ﹫Ӷ˹£ԥҪҪֹ£ϾĻǱв˾µġ
в˾ǧԸӶӶûκλӦϾЩ̫ʢ˵ĺݣרŹЩ̡
Ŀű䣬ʱ¶ޱЦݵűֵܣһҰղѪҲ˵רܳһˣ׷ˡ
ʲô£űһĶӵ顣
ǧԲסǴˮˡǼλǧֵҲҳϣӲǰֶ˵ֵǾٴĵӣҲҿ۶ǧ常֪ǳ˵һ򳹫ǸһһңǼ˶űֵܣһҪǸ
˵գҾףֵܣĸˡ
в˾ƹ̫٣ȻһϺ˰
ţһƱڶűУв˾һ⣬űֵȥȲ衣
űһǧƱǲС
ʱ˰ֵͬһ˵˾ͺá
ǣǡڵǶűֵܿпգԾȥ
ˣҪ졣ű﹫Լæȥɡ
ǺãʲôʱֵˣһøѶűֵдˣǶ콭ȥˡһЦݸڡ
ӣλв˾ǧ̬ȣؼǰǰǳװűɱķȷʵ˵ӣǵλɷǣǿǴĲ
תҪߣͷβûۿһΡ
һĻϵȫˣſһС



117 ˢ˾
λв˾ڹк˵Ǽֱڡ
ÿڶҪв˾ӣŶӡ
ؼӺҲֻſڿһͷĴһ趼ܡ
ÿһμλǶǱǿ׿˵ģֱʢݡӺʹ㻹ùЦӡ
꽻Щ̼ϥǱܵڴҪ¡λ﹫·ЦһԶǲŭӡ
˭뵽ȻԶű飬Цˡģ
ͺһˣһһ
ű便˭ǶƼĵܵ𣿲һ仧һ˵ѧԺСѧԱ
λв˾﹫ҪߣϽűֶʶ﹫˼ң
⻰һתǳʲôжűֵʶҰʶ
Ͻˡ಻ʶ̩ɽλűֶǣ
в˾̫ץסˣλűδʹ˵ӣҲδˡ˹ʺˣܹ
ʱŶű䡣
֪ģǿĳУǰĳ˵һѡ
λű䣬λĿе仧ƼĵܵܣȻӣ
ǾȻȻ
ΪѪ飬ֻӣһûгˣǿڶűϡ
ʱµ۲ʶ̩ɽлֶҹһѹء
ʱԱߵвʹɻűֵܣĪʶ
űЦ˵Եλⳤ߱ҽĹ
˲䣬в˾̫ͬһ㣬Զױͬһ飬Ȼס˫֣ЦⰡǼȴҰжűĹϵڹ˭㰡߶ûⰡ
пϲɹ﹫չˡ
Լˣ˵˵ԺпյʱһҪҼҺȺȲ裬ԳԾơöűֵܾ粻ˣݾҵݣݵϣҵͷ߲дãûӵġ
űаЦλһλ˾ںͿ֮ǰԶű̬ˣԼʱΪűװһ磬Ե˾
ţűֵܣҪ¸ҾͲˡⰡߣҴȥػȻв˾ЩСǿ϶㴬б˽ˣһ
˵գλʹǰݸۡ
˾öűǷһСС顣
ɫЩӣȴŶű乪ллˣű䡣
ûʲôű˽Щؼңúҽ㵣ġ
ԥһλ˽ǿڵԺõҵĵط뿪ڡ
áű䡣

ˣѪߣȥҺϽ
ű俴ƥɵõܲܳ
Ѫһʲô˼ʲô
ŮҪ갡űһ˵Ȼ뵽йŮһΡ
űϽ͵Ҳܲ졣
Ѫ㲻
ű԰
ѪҪʲôǧƾʲôڱҵѹ֣˵ǧҲûð
űɫΪţѧϰܿ졣ھھ顣
Ѫű䣬ģƥǧǰ;ܹؼǿԵܷܷȥûֻΪһƥǧֻǼֵһӣǲԸȥġ
űҲģ֪ҵļ𣿡
Ѫ֪˵ѧԺ궼ǵһ
ŮҪ갡űĵϸˣֻһ̫డ䡣
ҵļӦúúáűʵҲȷʵˣڼ֮ǰҼˮƽֻѰжѡȻһ죬ҵļѾһֵˮƽΪһ
ܡѪȻ֪жѡ
űһŹ
ܿ죬Ѫһǿ
űʵ
å仰ʱ򣬾ȻܵѪԸеС졣
ȻѪ̫ⷽ࣬űåˣˡ
ǰǿһٰʮңһԲ̣Լ㿴ûУ
ˡű
Ȼֱ乭
ѣۣĿꡣ
ಡ
̶ʮڣű
žžžž
ȫǸֱɰ̺ۡ
ʱѪһŵŶű䡣
ô죬ô׼
Ǽ֮ɵļѧϰѪ
ġűĿֿƾʲô㾡ң
Ѫ֣صͷã㣬ܸٴۣҲǧܷܷж
ȻѪűǰҺϽĴӪ
һ·ѪЩģΪĨ˶ű͵õ徫ͣȴֺ±űų
űûκηӦʱˣЩʧ
ȻűųˣֻװŲ֪ѡ

ҺϽǾӪڽ⣬ÿһζģоһطפڽ⣬Բ
űҲǵһμµǾ
ȴǳᡣ
Ǿÿһʿܱ뺷ӲߣÿһܾݣƤڣǼ¶ðɱ
Ȼϵ¼ãеıҲƾɣȱڡ
ǿΪ۹պսǾ˺ᡣ
űѪǾصأڡ
Ѫȥҽ˵ϹŮǰ
һǾ׽
Լˣѣ
ûҲǾѣΪǾ棬򳲻ֹһ
λԺҽȥ
Ƭ̺λǾˣλڵǡ

˼ӦóȥӭӵģղڳԷҺϽǾأ극ǲ뿪ġ
űһμλµϽŮĹ˾
ȶűеᣬΪɹ⻬ûʲôƣ
ǣֱеϡΪ˪ͷ붼ˣһ˫ֱ˵ֻҪֲڡ
ܸߣһװˣ˫ɣֳ֮࣬
ʱű䵥ϥµű䣬ݼϽ
ϵĺӣҺ޽ű
ǡű
ʱһСŮ˳÷ױǳɰϴŲ£ǳУֻ۾ܴ󣬳
̣˭СŮָŶűʵ
ҺǣСŮֵӦú磬ǰҪ塣㣬塣
ʱǸСŮͷ𺰵塣
СŮűһɬܵӿһ󱣻
ΪϮ¡οʹ˾Ψһļ̳ˡ
¡жΪˣֻҺ޺ΪһҺҲսɳôֻСŮͻΪһİ¡˾
űһֻóһйǣ⻹ǸƼģͳȥھ͸СˣʵЩᡣ
̣𣿡СŮ۾ʵ
үүĶӣĶáҺ޵
ʱСŮ˸߲ҵڽ˹ȥȻȲ򿪷ŽСʱ۾ˡ
ǸͲʲôĳʳСŮϡɼⰲ¡˾жôȡ
˾ܷܷȴݼȫ֮
óԣлл塣С۾ġ
űʵ̲סһСͷ
ҺޱŮʵСűңʲô£
ѪűһƥǧǳҵУȴܷܷһǧǿˡƥǧҪ˵ѧԺҵҪáϽæһȥûƥǧ
ã߰ɣץʱ䡣Һ޵
ű䲻ɵһ㵣λϽǹŵȳֱӹϰûаϻֱӾͳְæ
ȻҺİӶ飬ֱӴŶűѪȥܷܷҪ
ǣűȥˢܷܷ˫ʣİ˾

ϼݸıԺڡ
ɫޣ˾ܷܷڴϣؿие׹ۡ
Ůҽˣ˵ű
ű䣿ܷܷλ˾¾˲ͷֱӵʲôèҲҪң˵磬ǰʲôǡ



118 ܷܷСˣҪ
ϵļҽѪҲڱϣ
ѪܷܷҲ˴ӦҸС檡
һͬģа¡˾Һޡҽ
ʱܷܷɫ΢΢һ䣬ֱ˽
ȻǵˣλҺʵ̫ˣֻ׵Ͱ뼶òġ
ǽɣһȥüǡܷܷ

ݸıԺһĶׯ԰ۼĽᾧׯ԰֪ȥˡ
һӣܷܷλ˾ڳˣǿҺһҴˡ
ȻƳѪһ۵ʲô¿˵ûд㡣
ѪƥǧڶűģҪ
ܷܷһΣһǮƾʲô㣿ѵϽĶԵ棬Ҫȥ¸𣿡
Ů֮
Ѫģģһӵǧ㻨һǧǿߣⲻʲô
Σܷܷ֮еĶûȥ
ѪѾһƥõĺѪ࣬ΪλҪ߶űһƥ
ܷܷˣ˺öҪռУΣҾͲǣһƥһƥ𣿡
仰Ű֮ˡ
۹ˣһ˾ŮȻ˵Ļ
ҺϽûһһܷܷĶͽ
ܷܷɫһҺ޲ҾǳҲҪϡҽƾʲô㰲¡˾ܲɽ˾
Һ޵ʵ㽻ǲ
ܷܷΣѵΪ㣿
Һ޻Ϊ˴̽Ұ¡˾ľ»ܣɳ˶ϸ֪ıʮ֮࣬ͬΪķϣҹ֪˰裬һ⣬ʮϵϸȫȳһնɱ
⻰һܷܷɫһ䡣
ȻǷǳںʮϸʮ˼Уֻ¸׻֡
ҪĸԸƥǧǧѡ
ɱɱɡܷܷɱʮˣǾ͸ɱپʮˡ
ʱҺɫһ䣬ҵСŮӽѵ𣿡
˵գҺֱӽףж±
ܷܷɫʲô
Һ޵ĸ纣ѵ㡣
λϽ˵־Ͷ֣Բ١
ܷܷɫ䣬ҡ
Һ޶˵ֱһץס֣Ҫֿᡣ
ϼҽǷ׷ӵſȴҽΪҺ̫ˣ纣ֹһ̣ҪȥɱҲǰ
ڴʱΧȻ͵һһǿɱá
ţһƽŮҺϽСӵһͲҪˡ
˵Ȼǽħ档
Һ޶ʱɿ֣ʦѵͽΪΪ𣿡
ħ˭֪ײ
⻰һҺϽŭ͵ذνǾý˵ɣǽʦȻսɱ֮Ҳδزһս
ʱ䣬ţһ
ű䵱ȻҺϽһϽĪ
ܷܷС㣬˵𣿡űʵ
ܷܷһתؿڸϣֳ°ͣĵű䣿˵һС̫࣬һ黭ʫʸ踳ʣµģȫһͿ˵ѧԺĵһ
Ů˲ǶԶűһ֪
ű˵ܷܷСˣСϳ󣬴ʮ꿪ʼͲμ˾˵δһܣ
ܷܷǵȻǧϡУҲҪƥǧûмǴĻ㼸ӵƥǧ棬ȥĥ
С˶ԶűȻ㹻˽⣬֪˵ÿһ仰ȻҪöűǧȥĥë¿ɵ顣
űһ˵ܷܷСһƥֽ࣬һ𳤴䱦ˣǻһƥƷĺѪʱСԵʱͻӴңԶ
ܷܷƥνԶ϶֪ôһƥѪ
ƥֱܷܷƥѪͻ
ܶ˶ϷԣƥѪ˾ܷܷһ룬һƥĸ
ʮƥѪ˾˸ս޲ʤ
ԣƥѪɾܷܷĽҫӡ
ƥ֮񿥣˶űƥǧ١
űܷܷСˣһͿǾһصѵĶϻӮˣҵǧ黹ңĺѪҲΣ
⻰һܷܷʱȻŭȵ
ȻܵùҪɱˡ
Ȼ˸ҴѪ⣬
ûҪƥѪʬ嶼ˡ
ƥѪĽۣӡ˭붯ռΪеͷҪ
޾ô裬ҵģҵĻҵġҿĶҵĶҶ࿴һҾɱ㡣
ű䣬Ҫľӡ
űЦܷܷСҲ֪ҵһͿʲôĵأ
ǰű֮ã֮ܳΪãΪһͨСȲοţ
ʱܷܷ˻ȥڴϣֽؿڸϣѩ֬һС֧°ͣЦҪǲ԰õóע𣿡
С˱ǿ죬һνҪɱˣһЦ
űҵƥǧǶע
ܷܷҡͷƥǧѾҵУǾҵĶˣΪעġ
СģҪ˽
ܷܷѪϣΣĶעΣ
⻰һűɱ
ݶСˣȻѪһƥᲢۣһƥѪ
ܷܷϴѪĺѣѻƬһҪƿѪ
ϼ濤鲻ɣѰκʱҪϹϼҪȢѪΪ檣ϾŮҲŮÿζϹܾˡ
ΣܷܷȻҪѪҲ϶עԱϹ֮
ôעˡ˾ܷܷҵĺѪֵǣҫҵӡѪϹŮʵһ޸ĸĺѣҵĺѪɱ߹ˡ
⻰һʱѪû԰ס
Ϊܷܷ˵ʹԱĵط
ѪûзŶű䣬λӦĿԼʲô
ܷܷúѪǧעѪעսһӮƥ㡣ӮˣѪˡΣĲأ
ű䶢ܷܷľ¾׵һһ亮ĴΣˣ


119 ѾģѪ
⻰һܷܷĿԲԼĶ䡣
羹Ȼ˸ָˣ
û˸ĸĸáϹǵǸʵ۱ҲֻЦеغ˵ʺ̫֮꺮ůϵʹͶ
Ȼʹ͵ǵ㶫ϣת۾͸ˣ͸纣Թ˵ҵ˶С纣Ц˵ʵ۲Сһ
ܷܷ֮ԻҲȫûоη֮ˡ
ʺ̫ҪңһС̫ң
ʱܷܷ˵ֱӰνŶűĲӴֱӾҪ

Ѫ֣סܷܷĽ
Щ죬г˼
ĸŮˣϲľΪܡڶűΪѪȻָܷܷˣôĴϲ
ˣС˹ȥʬΣιܷܷ
ʱϵʿӿ˽
˭ңűܷܷû˸㣬ʵۣʺ̫㶼㣬Ϊ⳼ʵ췴ֻܺšɱҵ˲٣ʵۣ̫ӣʺ̫󣬶Ķ˾ĴУһɱҡȻ˾ȴڡ
ܷܷһȻ¶ĵһЦ˽֮ڡ
ˣС˹ҰȥСıˡܷܷƥǧҾɱ˳⡣
ǡʿ׷泭ľҪűҴ
ûǲɱϾôţˣϹŮ˵ʹ
Һ޺ţѪ̽ڶű
ű任һЦСֺαضŭأҾԲѪעҲûʸȨȴԻһע
Ȥ˹ܹõóʲôעܷܷʲôûУΪϹѪ˵ļһ𣬶ҵĺѪֻӡ
ű亰ˣű˹ûë
űе֧֧в콣ǻʵ۱´͸濤ġ濤͸ңעΣˣ֧͹ˡ
⻰һܷܷɫ䡣
Ϊϼ嶼濤ΪıȻ͸˶ű䡣
ĽΪλУܷܷʵ
űǶʦĵӣΪʦһ֧ңְɡ
ܷܷŶűеĽ
콣ǱܷܷںʲôûУ
濤彣˵ͺˡ
ϼʹϹܷܷʹ޵ı濤ѩȻ濤
ƾʲô˵ϵһ棿ܷܷ
ˣ
ģòۼܷܷһˣ
ԣĻᣬܷܷԲԸŹ
õ彣ʺջ̣֧濤ɡ
Ȼ֧콣ļֵ϶ǱȲĺѪġ
ֻһʤıûκֻҪעˣܷܷԸ³
ã֧콣עܷܷϻұƴӮǧ㣬ҵĺѪҲ㡣֧콣ңȻͷΪղųԲѷĳͷΣ
Ыļر
űƬ̣Ȼͷѽ˶עҲӶע˱ԳһΣ
ðһΪܷܷ
տƾΪݡűҺϽʦ֤
ʱѪվڱӣоķǳһʧС
ܿ죬ҵֲʧеԴͷˡ
ΪʲôûǧǴжġղŶűΪŭڣԶűȴʲô
ѪܣҪ֤һЩʲôҪ
ȻѪֹȻ󳯶ű
űһ㵣Ѫʲô
ȻŶű䵽˽Ӯ𣿡
űһξϵͳѧϰ¼ƪһҹӦ㹻ˣֻҪþȥսӦӮġ
һBUGһ
ΪҪκζֱӺսоָĽԼսеǱҶָʹսͬԼһ
Ӯű
Ѫͷã㡣
ţֱߵܷܷǰűǧǴﶪģҲӦľ֡űӮˣǧ౦ҲˡűˣĲ콣㣬Ҳøͷ˾͹ˣĶע
һֻص˸ղŵԭ㣬ܷܷҪѪע
⻰һű䳹ɫ䣬ȫˡ
ѪŮҪʲô涼Щʲô
ʱﰡˣ
Ѫֱסű䣬ץסֲôˣǧжģҾҪ𵽵ס
Ȼһֱֻд˶ԼǩԼ֡
ű仹ҪֹȻֱӱססͣȫá
Һ޵ѾͷҪˣ
Ѫű˵Ӯ
ܷܷҲǰһĻˣԸѪΪϹŮб裬ӦøܹϹ
ȻܷܷڶԼǩԼ֡
ˣԼɣЧ
ȻܷܷЦäĿ޴Ѫζذǿһ̫డ
⻰һѪɫǵͨ졣
ԭѪҸҸС
ԼͶűĹϵһλָƽˣһռˣΪԸ⸶ԼǱؽܱ˵ػ
ֻűֻΪܷܷһ˶ѣʲôػ
ʱܷܷôһ˵Ѫѹʱ񶨵㲻Ҫ˵˵ֻǲԸ濤Ḷ̌ѡ
ˣˡȻѪҲסҴһ˳ȥ
ԽߣԽ죬Ӻ͸·ҪѪһ㡣
ʱűƿԣ졣
ޱȵĸжַǳĺ
ѪŮˣп
ղǻŶű䣬ԼǩݶԼģűֹ
ҪΪҸΪҲҵòã
ôçײΪҸΪҶűܱĺòãҿһ
ű⻨ô꣬ѪôŮˣǵһμ
ǡһŮ˰
˾ܷܷԼϵּɣɫˣǹɡ
ֱظˡ
磬ĶϻС˹ʲô䵽
У֮󣬼ǵðѪϴɾ͹



120 Ҹ
˵ģѪԼΪҲ֪Ҫ
ԭҲûʲô鲻飬ġ
Ҫ˵ⱲӾֻԼļˣҲϹһҡ
常Ѫ常ҽ̻䣬ʹΪһǿˣܹԼ
ԣǴһӲ˵ģһΪ常ЧһҲûкκ׽
ڶԶűһȣһ⡣
Ȼ֪ΪΣ֮оͶһ˵ԭúõģűһγǰͳΪһִ
ղҪ֤һЩʲôԴһȾͰԼ˶עºҲûκκڣһĪҸС
ԭΪ˸ĻҸġ
űҪ׷Ѫ
űĽŲѪԽԽ죬ǲ׷ΪԼԶűˡ
űںˣһҪһŮҵĶע
Ѫǰ漲ߵԼѡģ޹ء
ѪҲһ绽ܲܲҪ˵ôɵĻ
Ůˣһ飬Ҳֱ½Ϊ㡣
ţѪͣű㲻Ҫ룬һкûйϵ
Ȼ濤ҵãҲҵˣ͸ıҲ㽫ɶעǶϹĪĳ衣ǧŪģҪ𵽵ס
űһȴְԼĳøɸɾƯһ̾Ϣ
ԭЩԺ˵
һ𣬱ҽŮСڣֱĭڽ
仰˵һУޡ
Ѫֱףű̾ϢԺα𰡣
⻰һѪƯһףݺݵһۣҲҪ㱨𡣡
Ȼɿ˳ȥٶˣöűԽԶԽá

һŮ𣿡Һ޵ں
űͷһ̫࣬һһ쵰
Һ޵һ˳ȻˣЩʱŮ˵ĸҲһҸֻҪҸͺá
˵ĻǾӦûȻ˸һٱ顣
˵仰ҺޣΪģİĽϹȱ˵ڣҲҪԷκλӦֻҪĸá
ţҺ޵һյҪ֣ˣܵɶϷΪϵﲻһƥǧСˡ
ű˵ͷھԴժҲ䰡
Լ˸ɳͷβ̫࣬ҲѪϵС
֪Ķϻ𣿡Һʵ
ű䵱Ȼ֪ԭϹȱѵٳģפʮ
Ϊʢʽʤö١
УȨ֮䣬˾ˣÿ궼иʽ
иʽϰȵȣʲôζãѵ
ϻ޵һȴɽŵŰ׺εɽȻǧ׵ţٴխ֮һϿȣһתʮСŷɥ
󲿷˱˵ọ̈̄Сܶ
ԵļֺսҪ󼫸ߣе㲻ߺսƥ䲻ãѪܵ³
ϵսÿ궼Һ޵а𣿡
űͷ
ʵڶűԣԽԽãսĿƾˣƥٶһЩҲҪ
ս׼ģÿӣҪ׼ʮֹ
ԣԽѶԶű䷴Խ
Ȼǰǣһҹ֮űҪȫա¼ƪǱһ궼δܹյġ
УǾҺ޵һȥල̣ȷԷʲô۶ӡ

Һޣű䣬Ѫȥ֮
ܷܷˣȫյѵذҲ
ǡū͵
ܷܷյ֮ڰˡΪǸС˹Ϣ
Сӻǲ

űûзݳǣǻҺ޵ǾӪ
ϽڵȴһʣźҪ¡
ʱѪѾǿָˣƴףΨֱˣűһ٬Ļ˵ˡ
һƥսȥԿҺ޵ҿ
űһ࣬ûнξѧϰأǵͷ
Ȼסһʱƥɿǰ壬űһϽſ塣
֣ܲ
⿥ԽԽ죬ԽԽ죬ٶһ죬Ե÷ǳű䲻òסӣʱ⿥ӿ겻ܵʱƴ壬ҪѶű䶶
ʱĶű䣬ѾǱˣȫһ
Һ޼֮ͬһȥȻܿ׷ƥסһƥҲͣԭأ书Ҳţˡ
ű䣬Һʵ
ûű
Һ޵˵ѧԺרŵγ̰ôѧģ
űҵʱӿˡ
⻰һҺϽɫ˲ѿǳ֣֣ǰСɶϷ
ҲѹϽű˵һûѧ͸Һܷܷ
ܷܷͿʼˣȫó뻯ݡ
ŮȻ裬ǶڽķǳȰƽʱû¾ϲȥսЩѶȷǳߵ˾˵ŮûµʱҲϲҲϲλܷܷǰսʤ
ңܷܷĿһƥԵĺѪ֮ǧ
űһûѧˣȻҪȥսܷܷⲻǶϷʲô
Һ˵űģѧĻԻʤԱܾͰһǳɫ꣬Ҳܵؾǳɫʫʸ踳һ
Ȼû뵽Ȼû
ôôװ۹׼ܸߵİ˵ô׵ĺӰ
ţҺ޵Сű䲻֪𣿡
Ѫͷ֪˵
Һ޵Ҳ֣֪ȻӦĶԼ֪϶ҰģȻԼ۽ȥҲȥˣֱӼǾ֮Уվ͸ҿ£ҪɵԼ
ѪŶű䣬ܹһҹ֮
Һ޶ʱѪĪŮǱͷԣĻҲţ
ͼȵȶһҪջۣҪѧҪսʱĸ顣
жһʼΪϰԼϣսͬͬסҲҪ㼸ʱͳһ
ȻҲȲܷܷ
űһûˣȻųһҹ֮ҪոߵҴܷܷⲻǺʲô
ӣҪһͣҪˡҺŶűǳ
űϽ˾ֻҪѧϰʦġ¼ƪܹսֱӾָӿָʹԽǸӼѣԽ
ѾˣҺ޲Ųʮ갡
ǵġű
Һ޵ʦġ¼Ȼûмȴ˵Ǿϵ伮Ҽѻɬ֮Ѱ츳ߵˣǾˣҲҪѧϰϲܶؼһҹ֮ȫǲܵġ
Һ˵öԣÿһؼһٷ֮ʮŵ˸ǿģʣ°ٷ֮һŻˣҲҪȫ
֮һۼңŵһü𣬳ŵѧ֮⡣ĳԱڲ
űϽտƾۼΪʵһҹʱ䡣
ҺŶűõȫ޷⣬һǳ飬һúӣſڴƻơ
Ҿ͸һҹʱ䣬һ֤УҾǰСߣ뵽Ǿ°Ϲսǲ㽫ӵġ
ű䳯Ҿ£лϽ
Һ޵ˣһɲСһǳʧʧȥҵΣӽԺǾӭ㣬¡˾Ҳӭ㣬ǾҲˡΪҲҪһſڴƻƣײʰһӰŮӵѣ
ѪڱϸϽϽһжԸġ
Һ޻ֹ֣Ѫ˵ֻǶŶű䡣
űһιǣϽ
ȻԱߴһСŮű磬Ŷű壬㡣
ҺϽŮС㣬ɱǰǣʣµĲ࣬Ѿóˡ
ױСŶű䣬۾ĳ׽Ρ
Сӣ߼ֻϲúֱ
лл㣬С㡣ű岻ʧġ
ֻһҹһͻ𾪲ѵġ
Ȼ󣬶űûü극ͻصҺΪ׼ķС
Ŀξ֮У



121 󹦸ɣ
֮ǰϣű䶼ûܹξѧϰ¼ƪ
ϰͽؼѧϰξ
֮ǰѧϰԸǿҰ
⼸죬Ȿؼűÿ춼ţһʱͷ
ʵĶؼʵ̫̫ˣÿһСʱһҳݵĶ
Ҷҳ֮Ҫص֮ǰݣΪʵ̫̫ˣЩľ񲨶̫ơ
Ȼξ֮һжһˡ
ű֮ǰĵÿһҳݣһ֡ˣһֱ۵Ļֳ
Щսӵľ񲨶ΣҲֱö̬ʽֳ
ˣű仹ͨԼɹȥԼľ񲨶κξеսн
һȷ˺ľ񲨶ξͻֱܹӿսκζ
Ȼ֮
Ȼսľ񲨶ֻĴ֮ڣǺŵģΪûоѡ
νսڵľ񲨶Σ൱ڵ˼ʹָ
սھϷǳ֮Իᱻþƣ˼Ͳܡ
űҪľǱһһָⲨΡ
ܣ٣ת䣬̧ȵȵȵȡ
ÿһϸ΢һ񲨶Σ㼸ǧ֮ࡣ
Ȼڶű򿪷ʵʮסǧָѡ
ѵʹЩָ
ܲϣҪսԾ㻹Ҫȥ˼Ծľ񲨶ΣȻͨɹͷųɣȵǸʱ򣬻ƻ˶ˡ
Ҫͷ·Լһȥս
磬ҪȣҪ̧֣ЩָҪ˼ֻҪڴˡ
Ҫʹá¼սƪҪǧ񲨶αù졣Ȼ󲻶ϵʹãϵͷųһһľָ
㼸ҪԼһƥһ˼ܺսΪһ壬һ
սͷ·Լһ
ҪεĳԺѧϰˣоѣԼһƥ
Һãűξаµʱ䡣
һһεʹսľָٴΣǧΣΡ
ö֮ξľָսķʽ˵ķʽ
Ҫ֣ȵһӦȻսľӾָ
ʱ򣬶űҪ뾫ˡ
һ˸ľһսľ硣
ű䳢һһ飬һһ顣
ξ죬еԱһƥȻսľָԼ壬Ծܡ
أսܡ
磬˴̼սǱܡ
սĴҲһԴ壬ڳʽļء
ͷĳһָʱսͻ״̬ͻԼļޣܵޱȷɿ죬÷ǳ֮ߡ
ȻָòҪá൱ִĴ˷ܼսǷϺܳʱ䣬Ե͸֧
űؽһƥսľ硣
ڸʽĵط񱼣ɳĮڴ󺣣ڲԭڹ֣ɽ塣
űԴʦһθɽֹ
ˣŴʦѧϰֱӵǹѵٱ׾ѧ
ͨھ磬ﵽʵԵߡ
伮ȫӵ˼¡
ڶűȫţ᲻һˣ϶һޱǿ֪ʶѧĳǿص

첻űͱҺ޽ˡ
ʱѾĿʱξ˽ʮˡ
ˣҺ޷ǳ죬Ϊűֻڴûһؼо
ˡű
Һȫ⣬Ҳһҹ֮ѧϰ
ɵǾԿһѡܺõһֵܺȡȻǵûĶϻôӾգֻһЩ£֣դϰ֮ģ𣿡
ûСű
Һ޵ǺãӮǾõһֵܣͿȥܷܷˡҪ̴СһмǾҾͲˣԼȥʰо֡
ǡű
ǺãѡսɡҺ޵

ڶűǰƥѡȻ̸ǧѾǾõսˡ
һƥмһƥұһƥɫ
űмһƥⲻǿģģһƥǿġ
ΪβǿսҺ޵
ڻѡܼʵˮ׼ű
Һ޵˵ͷ
ǾһٻǵУǳǳ֮߳ʮһʱ䶼սͬͬ˯ͬƽһ˵ϳԷܼʸ㷭ͷû⡣
ңսõѣϰָƣֱһգڶûгɼңһӶսˡ
Ȼλǵ֮ƥţӭȥȻôԴȵĥؿڣͬһ㡣
ǾõġҺ޵ǵң֮ǰӮ˼˼
ǵߺɫëӮʮ˳һǴ¡˾ܷܷĲǳ֮ǵĺѪ̫ˣš
ǵȴܷܷɼλ˾˵á
ǵѡõűѡƥͨĻϰ֮ǰ

Ӫϰֻǧҡмй֣ϰ£СӣйɳʯȻȲĶϻҲ㸴ӵˡ
ѪҺ޺֮⣬ûеĸڡ
Һ޵Ʒǳ򵥣ؿܹ·
ľͷġű䣬ǵٶȥԼõȻؽ͵ҵС˭ȰĽҵоʹٶȸ죬ʹţӮⳡ𣿡
͵ܹǧ׾롣
ǣű
Һ޵ⳡûнҲûгͷűˣͲȥܷܷҲȡ衣
ǡű
λǵȷʵûбҪܷܷˣƥǧҲֻܲҪˡ
˾λҺ޵
ʱűǵԼǰ
űĻЩԸΪϲǵϲűһֻûֱӷƢһƴˡ
и״̬ԱǵһӾͿˣҺҲˡ
ⳡûʲôǵʤɡһƥи״̬ǼӮˡ
ǵµƥȫ־״̬á
ѪޱȣںӮĶԶűΡűˣ֤˲ףΪ˵ԼһӮġ
ǷζˣѪ˵һǳؼ顣
ҺϽ߾֣Ԥ
͵ػ¡
ʱűǵƥ񱼶



122 ѹʤޱ
Ŷ
׼ȷ˵ֻǵ񱼶ҳ˼ҵĺʤ֮ġ
űµĻһУ̵֮һСܣȫ
ȻűҲɷ壬ӣƲúݡ
ʱƥӲˣԼԭشתƴҪű˦Ϊӱźܲ
һĻҺϽɫúѿзǳˡ
ĺѣҲᶨѣԶԶűһʱѡκ֧֣¶ű˵һҹ֮ҪոߵȾȫ޷⣬ҲѡΡ
Ȼ״̬һģһһĲ
Ѫɫ԰ףΪһЩǳŹֵ㺣ʹܼǵѡȫζű䣬ҰԼ˶עҪ֤һЩʲô
ѵˣ
Һ޵ôˣűɡСȥѪ԰ｻһ£ȻǾУ̿£ܷܷҲ޷ҪˡֻѪ԰һƬҵҪ׷ˡ
Ѫ۾Щͨ죬ûеͷҲûҡͷ
Һ޵űҲϽ뿪ݸܷܷʹհɡܷܷûʲôģûȥ׷ġ
ԡű
ʱǵѾȫӰˣѾܳȥˣȥ׷ˡ
ôƸҪٱˣѾûˡ
ϵĶű䣬ɿؽ˾ѣˡ¼ƪľڣΪһƥսľ״̬
Ȼ˲Ӧƥսɹǣͷųָ
׳ң뺷
ʱԭɥĻȻһȫϢ̱ˣ˲ɱһʱľ״̬
໡һţһ
ű侫һ¡
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123 壬ܷܷ
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СӵƤװӽ͹Եǰ߼ֱײС¾׵ʹףĺ˻ɣݶŮʲôİôã
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124 ޵ɱܷܷ
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125 Ұܣܷܷ
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ܷܷõ״̬˰˰׵ţһϿȡ
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һǧ׵ƽأѪٶ˼£21ÿӣٶȼֱǾˡ
ʮӺĽͳ˵ҰС
ܷܷ΢΢۾ȴϼʿĻ
ȻȻһƬεļž
ôˣµٶŵˣ
ܷܷһδµļ¼֮ǰ¼31ӣһξȻ30ӣҲţƳˡ
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ԣȷʵһһűһϻҽһӶѡ
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ֻܷܷһѪӿǰ
ĳطͷüȹ֣ʱǾʵöǣ··Ҫ緢Ļɽһ㡣
һҪѪĸо
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űҡͷΪʲôҪ㰡
ţűСܷܷС㣬ӦǩĶԼˡƥǧ㣬µƥѪҲˣΪ˳ͷ֮ǰԲѷ㻹ҪԼһ⡣
Ȼ㲻ǺջģѧһʡűЦʣǴ
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126 ܷܷɵ٣
˵Ŀⶼ˾ܷܷ
Ů˼ֱǰĴʣָʹ棬ֱ˷ָ
˵ĶͷܲƢϼʿҲܲˡ
˻ԼҲͳԷˮɡ
ĳЩŮ˵쾭ġ
ѪܷܷòҪԼɡ
Һ޽ڽ֮ϣʦⳡǶűӮˣ飿
ûСħ
ҺϽҼ֤ⳡҼලжԼܷܷԼֽΣ
ħ˵ˣҰײܷܷҪԼҾͰԼ
仰ģͬκ˶ɱ
ʱڳļƥһУ˼
ʦͽȻһаô
ҺʦȻ˲سŵкĿˣʲôʸ֮Ϊʦ
ұΪʦΪ书ΪƷ
仰ֱ˺Ƥȫ޷
ꡭ
Һ޽γһ롣
ļʮʿҲ͵ذγһս
Ȼϼʿֱӽսȫγ乭
ͬʱ滺ɱѹȫ
˫սһ澪Ķǡ
ڣûκֹܹܷܷԼ

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ҿ϶Լģҿ϶᲻سŵġܷܷһһڣǻһԼǵķ̫ˡ
⻰һűĿһ
СӺеЩһ
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ԣɫǽ츳ܷܷ֮ǰҾѾѣļ֮һǰҾѾͻƷʿҲ۹ɫġ
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űƥҰһһȥѪ˿ڣһȥĥű壬ͼҪѹ

ǣ󶼶ͤۡ
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ͤһֻǣλҵûз˵ѧԺѧϰһֱԽ̵ڱߴһ̣¼նٶ׼ȻԪ󽫾²һ̣һ˾ոһپʮͷǧһ򻧡
²ǳǵ׼ѸģƽܹһŶ˲ˣԪȥҲǶʮңȻնɱһپʮŽ²׼һǧһ򻧡
书ֱˡ
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Ԫȵ˶Ϊ佫ֶһ貵ǣû뵽Ȼ˵ˡ
ΪλԪ˾޴սԻʵ۶ԽӼһ֧
ͤԪ£常
ţ֮ͤ򳣬ӽԪӣҲĽӰˣ֪𣿡


127 ű䣬˵̳
⻰ʱͬ׻һ㡣
һΣҲ˱ΪӣҳΪļ̳ˡ
ʱԥ;ܾˡ
ֻʱҪǹ㶫˵ѧԺɽꡣ
һҪģĶ죬常ͤҪյ常
Ƕ֮ǵ۹ͷ˵ʵ䡣
Ҫ󣬶Ե־ôܾܾ
Ҿǵ˵жڴ˴һܾ롣
Ȼ򳼸ûκԥ
һͷȥ常Ѿˡ
֮ͤƤ΢΢һ飬֪Ͷű䣬Ǻúӡ
常űӼȳɫҴͷ
ðͤ⺢ӵҲ˵ˣһܺúܺõĺӡԺÿԸԪֵģϽ𡣡
ʱȫû˻أ֮ͤѾѻ˵ˣ˵ˡ
ԪһĶ֮űֻһĽɫ
򳲻常ͤΪСԪǶű䡣
ң常֪ͤűǺεȵĳɫš
ؼʱ̵ˣʱҲˣΣʱ̵ˡ
ֱһͷȥ常ҶӶű伫ȳɫһᣬ֤ԼѾӦҵļ̳ˣΨһ̳ˡ
⻰һȫȻ𶯣ŵ򳡣
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أ۰ӣȻҵΥ־
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˲䣬ΧĿڵ˲䱻ѹƣõĹ߶˲䰵
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֮ͤŤȥͷ컨壬ɳƵعԼҹܲˡҲҪؾǣҲټӡ
ؿͷȻǿˮ뿪˶󶼶
̲֮סѹֵĿ
֮ͤ˭ҲֱӽԼ֮Уʱǿ̵ˮŻ

ĳܵ졣
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Ŀͬһ̣۾ͬһݶ
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128 ɱܷܷΪѪ죡
λʦһ
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λʦһԱ߰ΧļʮҲһ

ʦסĺһֱڲŻ³
̿ʦһ۾ᣬѳһЦ˦˦еĵΪմѪ
Ȼһ˿ؽصУƼֱǽ̿һģʽС
ɣûϣġһ
û˵ֻǶſһ
ټˣɣһȻֱĬմˣ챣ʣ챣Ҷ孵۹һ޷Ϊ۹ˡ
衭
̿ʦһһ裬Ȼͫɢҡ
Ƭ֮ؿڳһ˿һ˿ڣһѪ
ȻѾȫˡ

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孵۹һ̿ʦЧ޹ΪЧ
ЧҵֻһˣǾǶ孵۹ʣĵжĿҲֻһǾǴ۹
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ʦһУɱ˴̿ʦһɱڶмļʮ孵۹֡
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ȥʮɽһˣʱÿ춼ҪָűѪιԪ
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ǳ;ǧȥɱһɱְ֮ǧﷵݸݸ֮ȥʮɽѨɱǿչĲΪűⶾ
ʮɽҹĵѨշתǧ¾˲ǧڴչ˲ϡ
ֱڶѨ˵ҩȻһ̲ͣظϻء
һһСŽⶾҩŽűѪȻòһ롣
ȻЧǳ֮졣
ű䱾ڵɫ̽ȥԽԽɫԽԽ
ѪļЧ죬ոշµҩ֮ϵĶӰͬһɢȥ
ԼʱѪƤϲܿҪˡ
ű䣬ű䡭
űҲˣҲˣҸòã㵽Ҷòã
ҿʲôҪֻҪ߾Ϳˣòã
˵λԵǳ
λȴѪ뷨
һ㶼Ѫ԰һ㶼Ϊͷӡ
Լαװ÷ǳ뺷ֻһЩĹֱŮ
ΪͷǳԱڶűǰ
ǣϹɽò
ʦһƸеˣѪ⻰󣬶ʱ۾һɬᶼҪ
ĺӡᰮѪͷĺˮ
ʱڶűԺ
˼켸ҹĺӰʼľϿա
ű󣬻ûܹίûгԹôĿ
ڻʵµһɲǣűֻһ־Ǿɱܷܷ
κδۣκκҪɱ˾ܷܷ
ҲԺ󣬾ڣϡ
ʱԺӰ޸
ɱܷܷ

򳡣
ӵ˶ķɸ봫飬ű䱻СжһϢ
˲䣬ŭڣɱ졣
˲ϣδزң
ű亢ҿΪΪɱѪ죡



129 ɱܷܷըѽɱ俪
ɱܷܷ
1ֵʮ
2ȡʮ̳ɹ
Ƿɱܷܷ񣿡Ӱʵ
˯еĶűԥӡ
ҪɱС˶죬ξϵͳȻҲǻʲôԥģ
űûܹί
ӮȴûûԼǧûеõѪܷܷǸС˾ȻֱɱǡȻű䲻֪ƥʵû
ˣϼ־Ȼ͵ϮС
ԣű䲻ʲôǣʲô侲һߡ
κκҪɱܷܷҪŪСˡ
Ȼû뵽ɱܷܷĽȻ֮Ǿˡ
ֵǶűҪĶ֮һϵָܻܲΪˣÿһֵ񶼷ǳҪ
ҽ2ӲоȫըѼĽ
ȡʮ
ʲô
ϹĵϵҲʮ򰡣Ѿ۹Ϸˡؼʮģֻͳ˧ѡ
ȡʮͳ˧ʮȫͬĸ
ܾζʮȫڶű䣿
һ仰˵õʮĻеȨֱˣĳ̶ֳѾڶ֮ˣŵĻ۹ҡΡ
ɱܷܷȻǻȡʮͽ̵ļűȫ߼ˡ
֮ɱܷܷܹһ֮𣬹ؼ˾֮
ԣС˼ֱɱа
Ӱɱܷܷʽʧܽɱ֮
ʧܽűѾȫ²ˡ
ɱ˲ɹɱ
ӰϨ𣬶ű͵۾˹

ű֮߾ֻʦѪѾˡ
ֻ֪ΪΣղŶű価ܻţѪ˵Щλ·Ҳˣַ·òУһ㡣
ű۾ĵһ仰ǳġ
ʦˣôôࣿͷôҲˣű
ڰֵްɱһʱмʮ֡ҽȫɱҲѿһɱˣȴһβ̴ˡ
ʱűˡ
һҲʦְмʮְæȴɱɱǿ󵽺εȵز
ʦɱ˶ãűʵ
һСװĵʵ۽ŶűķӦ
ÿһζǶű𾪣ö֮ʦûӰ
һɱһͼʮ֣
űɫ䣬Ǳ𾪵ʧɫϢĵز
ű飬ʦˣҵΪʦˬС
űǱͷҪ֪λʦû뵽˵ز
һɱһʦʮ֣
Ҳе̫˰ɣ
ôһϷ࣬ӵ˾춯ص书ֲʵء
˰𣿡űʵ̴˷βҽѧִҲǷǳصģοĴ۹
书һ룬ҪϲָܻԪҲ߰ӡ
⻰һűʱǳܡ
űԴɵӣʲôѹģǸʱѾǿˣҪҵĽ̵ˡ۹Ҫһ涼ǳǿ֮ˣһʦλʦҲɱһʱеôʣ´ʱҲǸˡ
˵仰ʱ̲ס̾Ϣֽʧ䡣
űһȻ֣صʦҪɱܷܷ
书ͼıھܹɱ˾ˡ
űӱʮ겻С˱絽ҵȲʮ꣬ڣ̣ϾҪɱСˡ
ᾪ㵵Ŷű䣬Ӧ֪ȫܵġ
ûκܹɱܷܷĺ۹۹϶飬һɱܷܷ纣ͻ췴±һսܹӵʮʱ۹϶ãϹʮϱлиΣһǸʱ۹Ϸݡ
Щű䶼֪֪ûҪ
Ҫɱܷܷ
ŭĶű䣬Ҳܺˮ顣
ңξϵͳѾɱܷܷ񣬸޷ջˡ

֣ʹ
ϾҪˣ⼸˯žÿһ춼جΡ
ԽҲԽ¡
ȻȥǴӻûлҲ֪ôˣ
ؼûּǲ뿪ġ
Ȼĺ£Ǳǵġ
ֻһӵζȣʵЩʡ
˵űСδ˶ˡһĸ̫¶һ򳶼ﲻˣ˾ܷܷ
ʱϲλܷܷȷʵǶǲˣԵ۹ڵľ棬ûмǵ
ű𣿡
Ǹĸ̫һϢӣϵĶû˿ԽġѪϱԺſһһҹϹ飬Сү鶼ûáϻˣκʦκδ򶼲Ϊűβ֮ݸûʦȥȶűˣȥļ˶ɱ⣬ҩҽֶˣԶűֻܵ
ϲθڴ󿪵ãۣСȱӦҾ͵ˣĺãĺãƫƫ˸Ϊ𡣡
ţ˼ƣЦΪСһף
ĸ̫֮ϽΪϡ
θڳ֮ãֳֺȺòʹ찡
Һ³˫ʱ򣬾ǵĴּ̫ˣҴ벻ľϲ˵ǿϲ
˻ʵԻʹһְʹ򳵽κ̽ӡΪᶽ̫֯ࡣ
ʱϲ
Щɡ
Ϊʲô⵽Ϊʲô
ڹʹλϣǴȥ˰Ƿ˴İŻǲĸ´ʮȥǻ¸˾ĴУĿֻǲɥʧȨѣһˡ
УֻҪҪȥػ꣬㽵뼶һҲԸⰡ
Ȼǵûнõһ޴ķȱ˰뼶⵽Ϊʲô
۹֣ݣݣϾҲʡ
⺼֣֯ÿ֮ޣλÿɱȹʹʶˣҲؼˡ
˴ǵûнһ㣬⵽Ϊʲô
ʮӻ¸˾УҲܵõôʣôߵְ񰡡
ʹִļӦǵᶽ̫࣬ǿǸʡˡ
ǰ˼⣬ΪԼٰ
Ϊʲôܹվĺ¡
ǳ֮˷ܿϲηҲʧӰ١
ڴʱ洫
򳹫
ʱ͵һ£ɫ˲ȫˡ
ϵƣɫָ˺ھƾ£һλָ˵⡣
ʲô
ѾǺ֯ᶽ̫ˣǹʹҲҵ˰뼶ʲôɺµģ

ʱǸּ̫ߵ˵˼仰
ݺܼ򵥣˶ֻ֮ͤѾʧˡ
ʱϲηʧӰ٣ȡ֮ޱȵʹ죬и߸֮ԽС
򳣬ʧȥ˶֮ͤأֳΪ֯ᶽ̫࣬ʲôˣ
κβˣҪһˡ
Ȼּ̫͵͵֮С

Ƭ̺ǰһ˿
ݼʹˡ
Ϊûнӣǹʹ
ʱױ䣬ͬɽ緢ޱ޾ŭ
ǰںʱѾõϢˣű䱻¶ı
ֵǵ۹˸ǵʵϣ纣谮Ůܷܷ
κ޷ݴʱĵķŭɱ
ԣھһû緢Ļɽ֪֮ǰЩ£űƵɱԼӣ
ؼϣܷɢһ˿
ִȾƺӵ⣬϶ǱͤˣԲŻ˹
ʱ̫ʦϣҲûӭӣɢ˰ϲ㰡Ծؼһʹˡ
ְǰӡ
Ҫʹӡģ˴ӡ˳顣
ŶΪżŹǻ
ɽ˾ϼ壬޹кҶԱҪ
һ㵣ô
򳵭ɱ䣬ڹɱøɸɾκˣϱԺ
⻰һŵþˣȫԼĶ䡣
ǵ۹ʵۣ͸ǧٿסϼڹʡڵĵ̣Ժ̣ͷɲ°ٴ
ϼǱڹʡڵˣ㼸ǧ֮ࡣ
Ϊű䱻֮¶֮򳾹ȻҪɱڹˡ
ңϼ۹ϣ˸ǵĽɫ
˵ˣ˵ָɽ¥ϼڹҪľݵ㡣ɽ¥ƹޣ纣ĸϼڹĴƽѲ˶̸ЦƷжмġ
򳾹ȻҪɱڹļǧˣ
ϱԺܷܷס
ֱɥĲ񰡣ֱǷħ˰
㣬ˡѵ֪۹϶ޱȿ飿ɱڹˣҪϱƷ𣿡
ֻ֪һ˾۹ҫҶԱҲɱɱŰ裬ҶϺڣ۹Ϻڣڹеݵ㣬ǷǷģÿնɱ
һϱƷ㣬Ҷǧˣᱻٴ
ϲ淴Ϊɳ¡˾ڿǲϵĸ󻼡һ췴ķɳ¡˾ϻӦǳңڳһҪ췴ӣԲ淴û׼á
һ㣬ǳаա
һνڹնɱΪű䱨һ֮𣬻ڹоݵ㡣
Ѿõɸ봫飬ʦǰݸʩȣԶűӦްˡ
ǣҪҪıҪɱɫ
ֻſˣкű常кִƹδִƵ۹
򳵭֪ΪĳЩɸ֮ԭѾõ˺ᶽְ̫λôȥΰɣ֮ǰʽӣұƷ˾ҲҪеκΡ
Ȼֵʹӡҡ
õʹӡſ˳ڹļǧˡ
ɫһ򳣬Ѿ˶󶼶ʲôʸǰΪű侹ҹ˽ҿ϶Ҫһ
ڶʹĹӡǸҲܸ㣡
򳺮͢Ѿּҵιʹ㲻ӣҪּ𣿡
ּȻǡɭǳǸ˵Ҿְֵּûпּ̫Ҳûеҽӵּ֮ٽдӡӰɣһǹʹ°ɡ
Ǹּ̫֮Уſڴƻƣ۾˵Ϲ
ĲѴӡ򳣬Ҫֹ֡
Ŀһû뵽Ҫɱˡ



130 ˣɱɱɱʯ쾪
ܾӡԭж
һΪҪ飬ҪֹһıƷϣǰʹҲѴ̡
ڶҲؼԭϼڹľݵͲҵĹɷݡ
Ҫ֮Եɡ
ÿϼڹݵõĺôӡ
Ϊ˴ӹȫѾʮӵĴۣĻȫʹѪ
ÿӵ棬ôñأ
֮ǰǷǳηġڣѾͤӦѾʧȥ˿ɽǻʲôµأ
ԣҪõʹĴӡȫΣʮ¡
ʮڣ㱨ǣݺݸһ״
ݺܼ򵥣򳹫˽ͼƷ͢˾
Ǹʱ򳻹ܲʹͲһˡ
ôõĻ᲻ץסأֲɵġ
ͼһ۾ͶϤˡ
ȻĿһʼûеõĽѵĿǳ
仰ָһ˾ᣬͼıűһ¡
ʱݺݵȻ˵ˣһЩΪ˶ű䵱ΥͤѾʧˣû˿ɽΪλҪηأʹλöδܹסǺᶽ̫࣬˭˭ͣһ۱֪
е常ʧȥ˿ɽͲֵþηˣ
ѵ𣿡ûж󶼶֧֣ʲô
ǺǡҴʮ꣬ǶȨƣɺ֪
ǵҪˡ
㲻ɻȱ޿ȡǾֻͣҪһ̿ɽͬƼһ㣬޿
ЦȻͣϾҪΪ֯ᶽ̫ˡ򳲻ɻȱǺε֮ɰһǾ仰ûж󶼶֧֣ʲôǡ
ĳ治˽Ĵ㡣
ȷѴӡ𣿡ʵ
ͷԣȷΣȹʮ£Ҹκݵּ⵽֮ٽнӡ֮ǰҪ㹫˽ͼƷ͢˾
˻֡
ʱʿѹһʮ̫ࡣ
һⲻӣĸЭ
ǰЩӣʮƱȥǴ¸Чǳ֮ãȫһõ˺֯ȱ
Эʮӽ¸̷ܲѾйˡ
ȻĸЭʱȻûˣǷ֮ɢ
ɫ䣬ɷһЦΣóʮȥǻ¸ˣҶ˾ļλУѵұ𣿡
ûСֻҪ֪Ҳġ
ţá
ʱʿЭŹã쳤
Э常ң
ৡ䡣
ϵЭն׼
ֵ
һΣʮ֮࣬ȫӣڹеĸ
һһ欵ŮˣС檣Ϊ˵õŮˣŮ¶ıɱԼɷ
ŮˣͷˣѾüˡ
˻򳣬޶ң
ҵĵ²ɱ޹֮ˣӡ
ΣΡ
ɱһ¡
ʮʿ䣬ʱʮӣС檣ȫնɱ
ʮԴϣʹ۾һȣҪѿ
ӡ򳵭
˻еӣɱңɱҡ
һ֡
ǰֱӾҪϡ
书ܸߵģ͵ذν˰췴ˣ̽¡
ʹ棬мʮʿ֡
Ȼûһ˶
ʹſڵĶʿҲ·ţʲôûпʲôû
Ȩơ򳻺ΪǾĲҵĹλˡ
һֱӽнɳȥ
ţ͵һưĲ֮ϡ
书ܸߺܸߵģɱһסֱӰ̫ʦ޷
ֵĴٺ٣һγ֣֪书ߵεȵز
빬磬˵ǻ̫ܶ඼˵ģֻǸȥѵ򳵭˵û˸ɾֻȥ˵ѡˣǵĿӣ˸ɾȫȥ
ǸңǸҡ
˻ƴưĲȫ޷ֺ
ʿǰֱӽӰ¡
ʱλǰʹʧȥеϣʧȥе档
ô̫࣬żʮͽͽ汻ǹ˿ӣֱȥҪʹࡣ
Ȼһʿ䵶ϷȻʹ󲿷̫һֻȥѶѡ
ٻ㲻ҪѾ󶼶ˣҪΪᶽ̫ˡҪ·ҲɵظߣܿҪˣ֮ǰǸҵģʹİٻҿԴȥݣ֤뼶
ûλٻǹʹĵϵٻֱ¡
򳵭ʵô룿
ΪЧ
ѾҪˣĶʹλ˼Ҫˡ
ЧˣΪĹְΪˡ
򳵭֪ʲôȨǸᶽ̫Ϊλͷϣ֪ԭɣֻԸҵһ͹߶ѣȻڻ仰ܿͶˣǸʱʹ
ţҵʹĴӡҾҪ㳹˸ˡ

򳣬Ҫ㣬Ҫ㣡

۾ϹˣܿҪ군ˣǶҪһˡ
һ
ױˣֱӼȥãȥá
һӣʹĴӡͳǰ
ƽʱ˽С̫࣬ĸǧǰ˫ַϹӡ
ϣӡ
ŵǧ䣬ҶɽΪӣ㱳ҡ
С̫ǧһֱˣǴ߾ˡ
ΪʲôΪʲôѵ㲻𣿡
С̫ǧ㣬̫ˣùʱˡ
ӡȻתңŷϳ͢ȡ
ʱС̫ǧ佫ʹĹӡС
򳹪µ뽫ӡңɽʽ
Ȼ߾˫֡
ûǽӡԽС
ʹʽʽʽιһ֡
˻Ҫ㣬Ҫ㡣㵨ұƷ͢˾߽سҪ㣬ˣˡ
㡣򳵭
ҪȥֱȥݸΣʹһӶԸˡ
򳵭ߡ
㻹ҪΣ
ǰʱ䣬˾ıӶű䡣ɱԼӣһ뿪ͷ
򳣬㲻Ҫ̫֣㻹ôҼΪ֯ᶽ̫࣬ȼߣҽ˾ļҷ𣿲³͢ķ𣿡
Цûб˼ղ˵ˣû˸ɾ˸ɾ飬Ҳ˼⽲ɡ
˵գνʡ
̣ӡ
ֻһȻͷһһ̯Ѫ
˸øɸɾ֮ǰûе񣬵Ҳˡ
ӴˣҪˡ

ޱļУ·Ҫһ㡣
ϣȥһ·˳磬ȻĲвǸ֪
Ҳûйˣֱӻ˹ʹۺ͹ñֳִӡģ۽
ʱʹֱ˺˹ֵĺҹ
ʱ
ʹۡǰУϣվǧˣȫװǧˡ
ÿһʿףֳǿ󣬱װݡ
Ϊְ˾ˣηǳӡҾ򳼸ľӪװȫʡжǷǳǿġ
ʡݵĶȻְλһ㲻ᳬǧֱʿЩطǧˡֱʿǧˣһʡָ
վڸ̨֮ϣǧʿ
ȫ
ⲻһѲ飬һս
۹˾ϣ˼ҹʡ㽨ݵ㣬ٹ٣Ƿóף̽鱨˽йϲ⡣
һսؽڹܾݵȫ𡣽ܵǱߣȫһ򾡡
ؽԱй˽֤֮ݣȫõ֡
˰Ӽݸǧȫоݵ㣬ȫˣ
κΥߣ˭ȫɱۣ
ֻһ֣ɱɱɱ

һ¡
ǧ񶫳ʿˮһϼڹе̣¥ɣͷŵȵоݵҵ
ɱɱɱ
ʱָʯ쾪
ܿ죬Ļͻʡ
ʱ۹϶᳹𺳡



131 ֣֮ɱ¾֮ҹ
ݸϱԺڡ
ħӭһ֮ͣȫںڶ֮ڣףθߴࡣ
űûڶ͵
Σ治мҺ£
Ҫڶ͵
Ƕְ
ڶ͵򳣬ɱɱˣı̫ҡ
ʲô˼
ڶҪʦֽ֮ɱ֮
ˣǱڤÿ֮ͤˣǲ¶ҲԸǶűֻһСɫǲں
ڶ͵ʦһа취űΪɨϰھһʱ³֮ǽǧŰĶϺõ
ǧŰĶűֵǮ
е㲻ű޼۵ġĳЩУӦûֵǧŰĶ
һ֣ԶԷ϶ͼ
ħĬƬ̣Ȼͷɽ

ʱ
ӭһˣߣȴʿ۷
ʦһף֮ɱű䡣ʹߵ
΢΢һЦҺܷܷɾӰ
Ǹʹߵ۹˭Ҳ˾űܷܷбǰǧѷĻᣬôŹ
һű䣬ֵ𣿡
ʹߵټ򳣬㹻ˡ
ŴͼŪ򳣿
ȻʹߵᶼһˡɱűĺûᣬŪǧѷĻᣬΪ˶֮ͤű֮Ӧû̼򳳹׷һ˷ˣҲͲԶˡ
Ǯ
ʹߵһؽ󡣡
ɱűļ۸񡣵ҲҪûŪǾҪǼˣŸԵ
ʹ߷·һһŪ򳣬ҪǸ޴۵ġѾ˵ĳϵޱȾ޴棬һ֮ıȡһ޴ķȱԣɱűʵ޷ṩߵļǮˡ
Ÿ
ʹߵûϵҲǻġǸ棬ҲһĽű仹Ҫ
滺ԿŸ޷ġ
ʹ͵һҧãɽ

ֹ˰ʱħӭһˡ
ϸһ֪˵ˡ
ʦһס˵ʹߵ
֣ܷܷ֮֮ɱű𣿡
ԡ˵ʹߵʦȻǻ˫
ɱű䣿ܼ򵥣ÿǧʯ˽Σסÿꡣ
⻰һ˵ʹ߼ԼĶ䣬ÿǧʯΣǾÿӰ
ʱ˵ʹߵűǽģҲֵôǮ
űǲֵǼֵˣԶԶ۸ˡǶǵʹްոΥ˶֮ͤҪһֽŪŶĹ
ûһǽ²Ȼһܼҵ棬Ҳһ˲ε˽ס
˭ץסǧѷĻŪ򳣬ɼжôЩ˺¼ޣոΥͤЩ˾ȲȥҪŪ
ɼλᵲס˵Ĳ·˵棬ʳѰ
ɱű䣬ŪıԿס
Цɱ򳣬˵һϵȴƫƫ᲻óǮ
˵ʹ߳Ƭ̵ɽ
ܿͿԵõűѶˡ

п˶֮û뵽һ˵
׵ݺܼ򵥣ɱű䡣
ֻ˵ʹ߳ļǮߣֻǰ漸˵ļ֮һֻű䣬ûаᵽ򳡣
ǳ⣬Ц˵̫˼ˣ̫˼ˣȻֹһϵҪű
۹Ķôпᡣ
֮ͤոսϳȥ̷ӿ޵㽫Ū
ű䣬Ҳ˳ΪеĲɱĿ꣬ΪɱԿס
ǣ˶Ŀⶢܷܷ
Ĺ٣佫˵²Ĺƶһɱֵγɡ
ܷܷɱű䣬ȫ֮¡
ȻŴ͵ȥŪ
Ȼû뵽ű仹ûֻжѾ֮ˡ
֪ҪֵʱǧŷΣյʱ̣Ҳܹɾʹµʱ̡
ȻǸû뵽ű侹ȻҲҪɱ֣ɱܷܷ

ָ
ҹɫ֮Уϼĸݵ⧲ͱʿݡ
Ѫ֮˲ָϿա
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ЩݵĻʿԴˣҪǳ⣬ûü̱һ
ৣৣৡ
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ֻɱڹǱߣװƹͳͳɱ֮
Ⱥˣݵÿһ鱨׬ÿһӣŴ۹Ѫᡣ
ռϲһ֤ݣɻһзǷá
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ɽ¥һαݸƮ¥Ҫ߼ĵط
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ΪʡеĴУٰ硣֪жٹؼߣܽףɵġ
ܶ飬ڹѲŰ첻ˣ˾Ҳ첻ˣ˾ʹţʹŶ첻ˣɽ¥ȴܰ졣
Ϊɽ˾Ӻʵڹֵݵ㡣
²һÿɽ¥̸׵ó׾а֮ޣΪɽ˾кü
оƳ֣һ̰ײҪӡ
Ѳˣ˾ˣʹˣףĴˣˣ֮еľͷͷԷشߡ
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һݣǾǸҵֳǸɱű䣬ɥĸҡ
λޣȻֻɽ¥ƹ񣬵ȴѲˣʹ̸Ц۵ָ㽭ɽ֮ζ
˭õ۹ϼأ
ޣϼڹֵĴκνףκҪ񣬶Ҫͨɡ
ˣдУ󲿷ֶǮ
ɽ¥ÿ춼ǽɽļλⶼйɷݡ
ԣƷµĹԱʱüҲֻƳһ۾ѡ
ÿһӣǸдĴҲǺܶࡣ
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ʱɽ¥ƹޣλŹѲɣǰ̫ٸ˳Ծơ
һУĿӢʮ㣬ѲǰҲûκ
ѲˣлһУûʲôˡЦʹһƷ٣֪ҲƷɣɽ¥Ծƣ˵Ҫһ˵ûգ˰ˣǲôţҵǱƺˣ˵Ҹ⡣
Ѳɵλ֪ã֪ǸԼ͵һ£ȴӡ
Цӻָľǣвƴһ𷢣ӲӵģûôҪ
Ϻɽףĵ֣˾۹۹ϵİΣȫһңʱ纣˿һֻھǵĻʵ۱¶Ҫһ£򳵱Ȼٰ裬ҲҶһë
˵ʵ۵ôҵĻټɽ¥ƹƲƲ졣
Ǵ״һʡѲǰȻʵۡ
ĩЩԱҲɻʵۣȴ̫
ѲڨЦһ£ý
ʱϺɽףĵ˵ζűϵУ
Сԣҵܸܵҳ֣һͽСɱˡļʸĨ˾綾ܽ⣬űСҲǶ˾ųˡϹ˻СүҼСζű䣬˵һֶԼʩȣҼСȫֱӽˡ
һƣˣǸʦǸȥű俴ͳͳɱˡ
Ѳɵ˶ʱ¶ۺϧĿ⣬ѾõϢἰʱϵűˡ
ԣη绢ҸеѽЦ޵϶߶űǧ˵仰ҵܸܵɱű䣬úôݸÿ춼ҡУҷһƨʲôű䣬Ūͬһֻϡʲô򳣬ʲôǡ
ʱɫΡ
֪ǹôſģ֮ǰĸ޻мǫѷԴϹʮ°֮̾࣬ǶԹ㳡̽
֮󣬻ҪߵҪˡ
˭۹ϵİΣȫƿϼ֮أ
纣ӵ֮أڴʮӵ֮߰ࡣҪǷһǵĻʵ۱ֻ¶˯ţҲѹ֡
ܿͻعˣҵǺ֪֪ҵܸܵɱĶű䣬ܹΣָΣ޺ȵò٣֮¸ˡ
ʱֵϺȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲ
ڴʱһ۳˽µƹģˣ˺öɽ¥ȫΧˡ
⻰һ޺ڳλгɫ䡣
ı
򳶯٣˹ֺһʱӡ۽һʱһǧɱɽ¥
˭ıӵҶɽ¥
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棬һǧʿɽ¥Χˮйͨ
پߴǿȫſ
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Ѳɽ¥߲㣬̽ͷ򳣬ʱëȫԼ۾
򳣬ˣˣ


132 ֮٣ͷѪ
ָǱߣ䲻Ͼݵ㣬ɱͷ
Ȼݸߣɺ֪˭Ҳϵ˹Ϻݾ
Ĺ٣佫ţ˵²ĹĴ֮󣬲һɱ֣ܷܷ֮ɱű䣬˾֮ɱ򳡣
н׶Ѿ̸ףɱֿ
泯ܷܷ׼һ£ȥɱű䡣
ܷܷɱ
ԣɱֻϲ¶ı
ܷܷбţ֧°ͣɱűܼ򵥣ͬɱһʦ˵ҲҪɱ򳣬ϲ¡ҲϡͿر赶ɱˡ
ɱű䣬ʵĿ򳡣Ū򳣬ԴҶкô߱ϡ
Щڹóףÿ궼ǵΣȾԴԴͨݹĸͷ孡²ȵйЩǷóϸ£ǿ̨һ鳭ľڹĸַǷóס
һϵɡ
鳭ϵĺóףңĵҲҡܷܷҾûйߣϻͨͨسǲŲѼһ档ɱűܼ򵥣ǸʦĺôҪɣһ㶼ְɡ
΢΢һ
ܷܷκ˶ܰ裬ʦ
ãɽ
ܷܷˣʱȥɱű䣬ڶԡҵ书ɱͬһֻϡ
ȥг֮öű

ݸѪլۡڡ
űѾȬˣʦƼأɫ԰ף˿ڷףȫգЩ
̫ˣζ̴ˣȴɱս˼켸ҹշתǧ·
űСظȥϵĸ⣬Ȼõҩ
ȻʦҽʦʦܹκԼֻűΪӣʦǰТ
ʦһҪɱܷܷűκ书һҽɱ֮𣿡
ûСҡͷ֪ڤǳˣһҹ֮;ѣӵ˾һ˵ĸߵͣҲͨ˵
ű֪ǺһֵΨһ׼
Ϊǿһɱ˿һͼʮ֣ΪΪµĽ޼᲻ݡ
ʽξ򣬵ҪµĻۡ
ͬգһξҲǱʵʮѣξвܹʮ
Ϊ
Զűǳ֪Ҫڼ֮Ϊֿ㣬ξϵͳҲˡ
ʦܷܷǰѾͻƷʿĽһ죬ö࣬ؼĽԸɱ㡣սԻᱻɱ
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ξϵͳҲ޷ıһʵ
ս漣ξϵͳܵġ
ʦһţҿжϣ֮ܰͻͻƷʿǸʱԺһս
űҵȲǸʱˣھҪɱ⼸ΨһĻᣬΣҪɱˡҾҲɱҲɱң
ʲô᣿Ϊʲôһɱ㣿
űЩ˵ܷܷĳǧѷ赶ɱ˵ĻᡣԼҶ֣ΪܶıǾ˭ҲǲϣܷܷɱҲǰ
Ժܿһɱˣкܶƴƶɱ֡ô˵κ˶赲֡κ˶赲ˣҵ常򳡣һֵĿ꣬ҪԸҵ常򳡣
ûթ޴ĺôȻƲܷܷҲץסɱңȻỶӭ֣ҡűױ˵γǧѷĻᡣҲҪɱܷܷΪУǰܷܷҲǰκʱҶеɱܷܷĴۡ
˵űеɱܷܷĴۣ濤ѩҲе
Ψڽɱ֣֮ԽŪΡ
ʦЩ֪űĻͬжϡ
ûĻϾҪˣܿܿ죡űʦûаʱˣҼûκʱˡʱ
ʦɫأͷͬ⡣
űʦûһֽȫƾʽȡʤҪʽѣҲܹڶʱգһҹ֮ա
ͷ˼һҡͷҵĺӣҲϣֽȷʵмּĽڶսʤǿ֮սлǿ֮ܶ֡ȻܷܷƷʿĽɱ㣬Ľкã
űüʦĻ
ξϵͳǺ죬ڶʱ֮ʽûĻʵսһнݡ
ˮ׼űƷǣܷܷʮ֮һʮ֮һûС
䡭
ʱһףȻһ
ű۾һ˼ȷǻ뷨
ʦûһֽܹһǿųһͿ԰ϵ׵ܷܷ˳ϴ̸ʮ֤ɡ
⻰һȫˡ
κﶼ޷ĵľޣ𺳡

ָɽ¥
ǧʿɽ¥Χˮйͨ
ڸ޵һ£ɽ¥ļʿҲˮһӿſڵĿյϺ򳶫ʿš
˫ţһ
ܼ˶ǧˣʿ˿壬Ϊ˶֪ڹնϼ˻ڣ¶ǰʹҲԹԵɽ¥Ǯ͸޽Ҫ
Ѳ벻ʱ֡
ɵĻЦҷˣˣⲻҪĽ裬ǳɱűٷ裬Ѿˡ
һ仰ֱӵ˼Ųµɱ֡
򳣬ɽ¥˾Ĳҵ˾ǵ۹ϵʯϹʾ£۹ϵİΣȫϵ˾һҡɴΧɽ¥ҪƷ˾һϱ䣬ʮҲɱġ
򳵭ҲҪĽҪܷܷ֮ɱű䣬ҷ蹥ϡȻͬͱһ㣬˾üƽ۹ݸǸʱΪ˾˱¾ֻɱҡ
һɱ֣˺ΰ
ҸھΥ常˵־ǼȲҪŪңһöű亢Ϊڻҡ̾Ϣ濴ôҪ
ĿһȷʵôӶű䱻ɱ޶ԣĻ˵ͳ׻ˡ
Ƶ˲ʲô֣֮ǼȻ֣ҵҪһ᲻
ɫλˣҪȥ˭ȥ
ɺǰ̫ٸһۣȻУ͸һȥ򳡣
Ϊǰ̫ٸǰڸ󳼣ʸϣ

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ǰ̫ٸǰڸ󳼹һ˻򳣬˱һƷ˾ҪҪΪ۹ˣʷˡ
ḧԼСӣЦ򳣬֪Ҫʲô㲻Ҷɽ¥̽ðաҪӣԽΧκԡΧɽ¥Ϊһ޴ʣҼСܷܷŹű䲻ɱ
ȻˣϲвȡҼСҪɱű䣬ǶűȥɣװһھӸ˭
Ȳ˶űģҽ԰ѻҪҶɽ¥һˣ˾ļ̱ϣ۹˾˾궯Ǹʱǻʵŵû겻壬ŻὫٴȻʬ͵
ǸʱӶű䣬Ϳڵžˣݵ
ǰһƽޡ
ǰ̫ٸ̵ڸ޵ǰʲôΪ˵۹ҵΪ˻ʵ۱£Ҫ˺ʹҵ̤ȥ
ȻλǰڸȻſ˫ۣ޻
ð
Ȼһƽĵڵء
һҺʣ²ݣȫҶˣѪ
Ĵӹϲ˹ȥŸ޵纣Ĺˣ
ڹоˣȻԼˣˡĴ޵
޸еޱȳ裬ңűˣˣŷǰɡ
໡͵һ˼ߡ
һ˾ĹȻҲҵ۹ʹǰŰ裬
͵һץס޵ı۰͵һ˺
ৣ
Ѫ罦
ɵ˺ĿС
λڹ˸ǵĸޣ纣ĸ˾ڹʹߣ˺롣
һҽжֱӲ
Ȼ͵ػ£ɱ
˲䣬ǧʿ䡣
پǿ׼ɽ¥ļϼʿ䡣
Ѫɽϼʿ׷׵ر
ʱۼɽ¥Ѫ죬ʬأ
ɵ˵ǿ۲ˣҵ޵ɱ֣չˡ
˵ҲϲľǺģҪӮӣ
ҵҪղҺͶűԸӣ



133 ج
Ϊգ˫ͨ죬Ŷű䡣
ǲŻ磬пհ
ɲʲôڤ룬ҲʲôξǶűԼˡ
Ȼоһ
űҪԼ书ɱܷܷʱΨһӦǲܡ
ֻ书Ϊ˼⣬ͰԼĳΧ֮ڡ
Ȼűȴпգ룬һͻ˼άޣȥҵɱܷܷ֮취
ӿµǣȻδزС
ķǳֵһ˿Գɹ
űûһֽ
ͷʱˣԶĽȻңֽ
ű侪ϲʲô
нһƫƧĽûκʵսãѾʧ˺ܾúܾõĽ
ű׽ʲôõģ
Ҳ֪Ϊʧʵ̫ˡҵԤ⣬ĵѨռĳЩԪáһ׽һа
űˣ׽ҪּڵΧĿһ󡣡
ԣȻҸĽ׵硣Ҫ֪׵ȫģȫǲԤġ
űֱôǿĽ챦ʩչн֮ͻǿĴų
۾أ
űʩչĹУϸ΢µؽĩͷųȥǻᱻųųͻһ޴Ŀռ䵼塣
˵ͷΪֹű۶ȷ
űǸʱҺܷܷų֮Уһ׼þԵЬӣ·ñӡΪɽѾߴô׵ʱᱻ޴ػҺܷܷΪžԵ·ЬӣԲܷܷȴ׵еͬʱ㲻Ϊ̿Ҳʧȥеĵֿʱһ̴࣡
ʦ̾Ϊֹ
ûȫģһ׷ǳ󵨣Ҿ޵µķ
ǣһ⡣֪һ죬һʱ̣ĸط׵磿죬׵磬δشյܷܷɱ֮ա
ԣΨһ⣬Ҽ޽ġ
Ƕڶű䣬ȴδ޽⡣
ΪξξѧϰҿԤ֪δ֮¡
ξϵͳ㹻˶ű䣬ôܹεһ죬һʱ̣һص׵硣
űĬƬ̵Ļ֪һ죬һʱ̣һصᱬ׵硣
ʦˣԴһ漣ޱȾ޵漣ɱܷܷҲóеκκ
űʱȣܷܷʱɱңһʱ죬֮ܿͻұƫƧֹнȵˡ
ã̴н

ָɽ¥
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ҶȫװȫԶսþǿͼϮҼմ
ţţš
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ˣ̶һӺ󣬶˼֧󣬻ŵϼʿͲˣȫǽ֮

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˵ҹֻһǾɱɱɱ
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žžžž
ѪУһ̶
ѲɣϺףĻ¥һһ߹ơ
ʵʱκﶼе𺳡
ǰֹǷ񰡣ֱǵ߸ۡ
û뵽˿Ժݵزµز
ǵˣ־ڱصҪĶ֣ԾԲ
ɹǰЦֶֺΣ̾Ϊֹ
ԱߵףĽף߹ǶѪȫҶˣǱ֮
Ϊһű䣬ֵ𣿡ʵ
ֵֵ֪֮ˡ
ɵ˵ʹʹ˷仰ȻûдģķԶԶǵ󰡡
˼ά̫ˡ
ɵ򳣬Ѿͱˡ͵ѩƬһ۰ɣмǧ²㡣͵Ϸıɣ͵˾ϰɣ͵㶫ɡ
Ц߲ߣ㲻ߵĻҰҲ˰
ɫһ䣬ȻЦҲɱˣҲˣȥɣûһܹˡ
ȻɺףĶ˲Źﳤȥ
޵
ͼصǿ˾㹻κǡ
û˵ȷʵͱˡ

һ̫ߣתͷʦܣλ𣿡
̫ףͬһѧԺҵ书ǳ֮ߣרŰɽ
ڶģΪˣѾȥĹˡ
ȻҲͼ˵ϲĹ徲
˭֪أҾԲִеģΪ˸ǸͿջˣջ㹻ĻǸӶӣܷҡ
ھǣΥ常ͤ־һ뵽˱ΧĿܡ
Щ꣬ɱ˶ٵ۹棿˶˵·˶˵棿˺޲ýƤҡ
ںʱֺܷܷűʱ򣬾ѾԤϵյľˡ
ܷܷűһżȻ¼һݱΪһıص֣Ǽ޽֡
֣򳲻ܺ˰벽Ҳ޷ͻΧ
ôֻһǰɱһ·
űȻҲûκν֪㣬Ҳ֪ҡ
ǸһҪִ֮֡
ݸжʿᣬҸϵ׼ϱԺ˵նɱץܷܷ

ǰ̫ٸڴϣûݵ©ŭһҪһҪ
ڽ£ܴ谡
ɵͷűҲѾѾͱˣǲᣬýͤҲŪҲ˽ǡ
Ҳ̫ˡףĵߣߵļλ˧Ѿ׼ˣֻҪźһ£̾ͶԶ֡
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ΧͷҲˡ˾ļλ̫ɫģ֪ôףЦܰ˾޴սۣȻҹġ
˾֮գ֮ʱǶ֮ʱ
˵ľ޴ʤǰһף˲ʹҲЦ
ȻһĿ⣬ˣΪڸ󳼣̫ٸǳ֮󡣶ΧɱĺˣҪһƷҪƽһ룬Ҫһݱ׳ɫʰ
ɫһʲô˼
ɵǰ̫ٸڸ󳼣ĶʹӦû¶𶯷ŭ֮ͬɡ
ܵһΣյϢ˻㣬ʲô
ɵΪŪ׼ɡ
Ȼùͷݺڹϡ

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ۡ
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ĳ֮ףײûĽ£УԼѧС
ȷ
Ѳɹ¿ͷ󺿵ʦô˰򳣬㾹ҲʦҺƲƲ

ͬʱŸϼɽ˾ݸϱԺ
ܿ죬ܷܷϼͻ֪جġ



134 սջܷܷ
ѧϰн֮ǰҪѡҪЧҲҪһЩ
ѣһ˵ؼżȾѻҪҪ
Ϊܹѵһ󲿷߶ܹѡ
ֻ֮ſſʩչſѧ
ôʲôѣ
Ǿʦһӡ
ȻʦԽǿӾԽǿġ
Ƿǿȫȡĵ
ӽĵ֮ҪܵҿתȫĽȻͷųȥ
Ȼͷųȥֻ֮Ҫѧܹӿ뵤תԼ
֮ͬһھͬˮһԴԴ͸С
ΪǷǿȡڵǷ㹻󣬽Ƿ㹻ǿܹɸǿܹʩչǿ
ԣѷΪ׶Ρ
һ׶Σڶ׶ΣѨλ
ʦɣתѨλѧԼɡ
ѧ˵һḶ́츳ߣҲҪϡ
ΪʶôĽѨλѾҪܳʱˡʶ֮οתЩѨλһܵתҪʱ䡣
֮һȸӼѵḶ́һ󲿷߶ɵĹ̡
츳ߵİʱɣ츳͵ʱҲܹ֮ѡ
츳ȫǻۺ
ôڶű˵֮Ҫ೤ʱ䣿
̣̣̣ܶܶܶ
ж̣Ĳ֪

ӣ۾Ҽĵһ֮֡
ű۾
ָڶűؿѨ
ʱ
һӿ롣
ӣ⣬ǿ
£Ѩһֱ£˶űĵ
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䣡
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Ȼһռ䣬ǵĵ
ȻʱĵﻹǳСһӾѾװˡ
ĵеȣɫѩĵȻҼģǾġǱԭʼͲ屶֮󡣡
űһ㶼⡣
ѩ츳϶ȶűߵööࡣ
Ȼһй϶ЧģΪѾŵķ룬һ
֮ѵһѾˡ
ڶѨλԼɡܵĵܵ㵤֮ڵȻƶתȫеĽ֮»ع鵽֮У˵ڶȻ֮Ҳˡ
ʦ˵úܼ򵥣ʵһޱȸӼѵĹ̡
󲿷ѧԺܵҪϣƵڵҪá
ƶȫ͸֮ˣȫٴ֪Ҫʧܼϣܳɹתһܣع鵽֮С
ŶҪѣ⻰㲻١
ű۾ȥӦԼĵܹӵһŹӰͬ棬ͬƣһռĹӰǾǵ
˲䣬һӶҪű͸Ӧӵ˵
Ҫ£˲䡣
Ƶڵ
һʼþɵģԼľڵӡȻ
Ȼ軹Ҫľѡ
һ츳ܸ֮ˣҲҪһҡʧܣȻĳһ˲䣬˾ӡܹƶˡ
Ȼű䣬˲䣬˶ľӡֱӿԿ
ǿƶȫÿһѨλع鵽֮С
̾͸ˣ츳ܸ֮ˣҪ¡
ű䣬ֻʮ룡
ûʮ룡˿תȫѨλع鵤Ĺ̡
ΪѾˡ
£ѣȻüɾѡ
ΪҪµö࣬ҲҪѵööࡣ
űһ˾ѣѧϰѣȫǲѴ֮
űѧϰһнɺܿ졣
ֱǺʱܣܡ

ָɽ¥
ˣɽ¥ҡһܵ
ɽ¥Ǹܣɵ˶ֻ֪и޺ϸ߲֪
ȻһˣǾǸ谮һƯӣǼǰѾµĶ̽һ̫Ķˡ
תļЩɽ¥Ϊūܾ˳裬ίˡ
ίֻҡǸ̽һ鴤
Ϊж֮񱣬ֳ̽÷ǳԾͳΪ˸޵ĸá
䡭
ɽ¥ˮеĵұ򿪡
Ȼ˲ȫˡ
ǼʶʲôĽɽﲻϼڹĺľݵ㣬ŵĽ⡣
޴ڣͬɽһĽӣӡ
ǰһĻǸޱױȵӾ𺳡
ÿһֻʮϣÿһֻ𶧶ʮϡ
ңͬһǽһ
ĸķ˾޴־ǣڵӡ
һپʮӣʮһӡ
ĲƸʡĸ˰
ʣϼó֮˻ɽ˾߾ûд˻ȥΪҪҪɹ
Ϊóף϶孵۹İӿ룬Դ۹
ôǰеĲƸӡ
Ȼ⻹ֻϼƸһ֣ô۱
Ц
ֵӣôһ֣Ӯһ롣
ĳ̶ֳϣܶණǼٵģΨнġ
ð֮踹ɽ¥дΪʽ
ˣ˱ϲһ涼˱кͶ孵۹׵ģкͰ潻׵ģкͽ²˱ԼٹϲҵռɣԼܻ¸˱
ˣץס˼ˣһǽ²ʹߣһǶ孵۹ʹߣǶѾйϼ˷Ƿóףսʡ
̫׵ʦܣϹ۹֤ɽЩ˱Ӯˡ
ҡͷЩ˱ûκô˾¸ٹ٣͵йǷóսʣЩ˭֪Ҳ֪Ҳֻܹ֪ΨһܹŤתģֻӡ
Ȼ
ǰְڡ
ϼؼ˱һʱȥ常ͤȻȥѩ˱׸¡常˵һ˼ת¡
ǡ
ʦ֡
̫׵ڡ
ʦؼȥһɳ¡˾˵Ӧʮӡ飬һǲһӽ뾩ǰݼ£ڹӼ飬ó̬͢ڶһһЩɽ˾Ħ
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ˣΪ۹̫Զˣɳ¡˾ȫǸͷˣʵʹ۹Ѿûʲôϵȫһɶϰ궼ûк͵۹йˡ
ȥļʮ꣬ϼı£ɳ¡˾ɳ¡˾ķѣͬһɢɳ
ǰɳ¡ɳ¡˶ͬһ𡣳ų͢˾սĻᣬɳ¡˾ʮȫܣ˼ʮһͳɳ¡˾ɳ¡һγΪƬصˡ
ɳ¡˾˿ڣأӣƸԶԶ˾
Ϊɳ¡˾ȫԱηҶ˾ı纣âڴ̡
ʮȥһκϼľĦ˾ζңɳ¡˶ȴǸҵġӶɳ¡˶˵ȫĲƸ
׹ǡ
򳣺
ְڡٻ
ȥһ˰¡˾ݼҺҶ찲¡˾صǾ˾ƽԽͻ
ǡ
ӦѾˣһߵҵͷϡ˱йڹ̰ܻߵȫժƼǧݣȫ
ǿɺܾʣܻߵĿɲֹֹŮˣƯˡ
ڹӣһӾͱõһ롣
ʣһ룬иҪô
ţдһš
ˣٶȣҵź͸޵ͷȥݸϱԺܷܷյźͷ֮ǰһҪ͵
ǣ
ɽ¥һһӡ

ͬʱʹſ뿪Ѳţ۹˷
ѱŸ룬ˮһ˳ȥ
֮ǰһηʮֻһηɳֻ۹Ķ
Χɱ򳣬ʽ
ս

ͬʱ
ԽԽݸΧĶʿٵؾۼ˷ݳǣ׼ΧϱԺ
ϱԺڡ
ܷܷ˯УΪǰ̫˶ˣϲ˯
˯УüҲɱվҪȥűˡ
ɱҪʬΣҡ
ڴʱĸڿٳ˯εС㲻ˣˣˡ



135 ϱԺץܷܷ
Ѫլۡڡ
űɺʱܣɺܣƴѧϰн
Ѫ԰Ѫӭһͣݸǧͤ
Ҫܷܷɱ˶ű䡣ͤżɽ
Ѫ˭
ͤĹټţ佫ţ˵ȵȡ
ѪΪˣűֻһֻ꣬˵ѧԺһѧѡ
ͤɱ˶űĿڳˣΧ
Ѫʲô飿
ͤΪ˶ű䣬Υ˶֮ͤ˶ʧˣҪû˶ű˵ۣҲǳ˵Կס
Ѫǻô
ͤħʦսʮ꣬ÿʮһα䣬ʱֵˡʦˣ书ƽʱĳɣһ涯֣ʦɡ
Ѫͷ֪ʦѾű֮ģҸ߶ű䣬װŽ̵ӡ
ͤʦˣʤ֮䡣ӴʦԻ˶űܷܷ֮ľ
ѪʦͬģԸĽ£Ҳöűϳܷܷ
ͤҪʦͬ⣬ֻܷܷ趯ɱ˶ű䡣Ȼˣֻһɶѣôɱ˵ġ
Ѫͷȷʵˣɱи㲻ˡ
Σܷܷɱű䡣
ѪǸξȶű䣿
ͤҪڹеľݵ𣬽ȫնɱɱֹɱ
ѪϱԺܷܷ𣿡
ͤԣϱԺܷܷ
ʱѪоͷƤ飬Ȼӿޱʹĸо޵ľ塣
򳣬Ӣۺܡ
常˵־𣿡Ѫѿڶ
һ˵꣬ɫͨ죬޲õѿһ϶ȥ
Ƕű常ƾʲôź
ͤװʲôӣԣϵ־
ѪʱѪڣ
Ȼ֮ǰ֮ǰͶҲйĦͻʱôɷǡ
ʱⳡսУʲôҿġ
ͤҪΧϱԺץס˶űĸңٴҪץܷܷʹûлȥɱ˶ű䡣
ãѪȲʣжܷܷ֮ʹѾԱ
ͤǣǶݸı㸽ݸۼҲֻа˰ʿҪѪ԰ľʿ϶ķ̡
ԣ岻ݴǡѪټѪ԰еľ񣬴Լ˰ҡˣ϶ʿҲֻһǧϱԺ¡
ΪϱԺһҪأڻǷó׵֮кܶʿ
ˣϻпһЩɣҪ֮½ټϱԺǧʿϡ
ŶѪ԰һǧˣȫ׽⡣
ͤģݶǧǧѾȥһ֧ˡ
СѪ²˳٣ȥټ
ͤѪ˶ű֪ĸϵڰͱˣƷ˾Ѿǣˣ˶űһǣ
ѪͷҶ
ͤδսܻº׷ҶܻǱ͢ٴΪ϶Ϊ˶쾭壬Ѫ
Ѫ΢΢ЩȣҲ޺
ͤѪ¡
£Ѫ뿪լۡȥټѪ԰ﾫʿ

ݸ⡣
ֺƾɵϹӭһܿˣݸǧǧ
СүӴȵĲˮһһ֡
ǿǧϹԼҲֲ衣Ǻܺΰϴġ
ʱѾ׽⣬ÿһӶեȥ˾ˡ
ǧǧ˫ַһŵݡ
Сүӹһױּдʮӣһӡ
Ǻ⣿Сүʵ
ǧǧϹľѣ˼˵ˣϵ鲻Ƿ̸ɣʮӶѡ
Сүлˣʮģ磬òôӵġ
ǧ˳ϼڹоݵ𣬽ڹȫնɱѾɽ¥ǵ⣬ʮӾȡ
⻰һ·ȫԼĶ䡣
⡭򳾹Ȼ˱뺷˾ȥôһ֮·
ǧСүģ˵ˣˣʮҲ֡ƾݣ̽ӡֻϵСүԸ𣿡
ȻԸ⡣Сү˸ȡ壬ѵӵĵӶûУ
ţСүʲô飿˵ɣϹʲôҪæģ
ǧҪϱԺǸݸĶʿȫҲֻа˰٣ǱߵĶʿιѾˣʱǳȡ
СүΪҪϱԺ
ǧһǱǾ˶ű䣬Ҫܷܷ֮ɱһͻᶯ֣ҪǰֹϱԺץܷܷɱ֮ҲϧҪܣʱܡ֪Ϲһ֧ǧ˾İΣһǧǰɶʿģ
⻰һСүɫʱ
ϼ֮裬ϹܸͬܣǰĸΪ˾ȶű䣬ȥϱԺ飬ܷܷŻĿĸܾ衣
ϵ̫ˣܿܳеǱƷ˾ϱ䡣
ʱ򣬾ϹҲֵס
ΪϹˣ᲻ûе֮ˣʵ̫ˡ
ǧģºǱȫնףҲϹûκιϵһ˸ҧϹֵܰԴժ
ˣҲĸϵСү޷
ʱһӺݾŮ˳Ӧˣһǧʿȫˡ
Ϲӣ濤ĸ
ǧʱµлˡ
˵ʿ¼׼𣿡
ǧѾȫ׼ϡ
˵ȻˣͰ
ǧҲ˵ģǶͶʯ͵ؼԼ̶Ƚնɱ
һ˾򶫳ͶʯͶ͵µĺĿһ˾ɱʹԸǰ
ڣϱԺҲִɱ
áϹ˵ӺϹһǧͻȫᣬ¼ףõǰȥ㽻ӡ
ǡǧСȸˡ
Ȼݶǧ˳ȥ
ǧ֮󣬹˵ᣬղ㲻Ӧԥģ򳹫ʧģǾ㲻һǿѡ
ǡṪֻǾϵ̫ˣܻ֮ҽֻΪһű䣬ǲ̫
Ƕű䣬򳣬˵һɱ֣ܿΧ򳣬ΧˡҴɽ𺣣Ըǣѵñ߹ĵû㵣ûУԺ˭Һ˭Һ㲢ս
µǣӴˣ

һʱ
ǧŶʿľżϣݸе롣
پ߾͹󣬼ʮͶʯ͵͵
֧죬ǧͤѪ
ϱԺץܷܷ
һ£ǧӱǣƺƵɱϱԺ


136 ɱɱɱܷܷ
ԼʱϾŵң򳴦ϹָһȻƬ̶ûе飬켸ĸٶ¸ݸָΧϱԺһս
ĸݵ㶼Ѿ׼˸ƥˮ
ÿʮͻһսһ·۵糸߲ݣ;棬ǧ

ݸϱԺ
ܷܷǺϲ˯ģΪܰܰϧԼˮ֬Ƥ
ʱ֮ܵĵһӦֱùߵı͵س͵شȥ
Һ˯ԺģǸĸ̵书Ҳ㹻߷ɿһҲǰ
ˣոյţ춫ʿɽ¥ɱ䣡
ڹָеܾݵȫȫɱ
ĿǰɱѾﵽǧһڲ
⻰һ˲ܷܷױѹ͵ԼĶ䡣
ȷܣܷܷɽ¥˾ڹҪݵ֮һɽ¥൱ڽ˾ʱ̣κ˳˱ӵ
ǸĸǧȷܵԹֵʮɸ봫飬ݶһģõĶϵġ
ܷܷɷףǷ𣿷Ϊʲô
Ϊ˱˽ħ
Ҳոձѣ˵Ϣըӡ
ĸŮϽܷܷһӣȻһ
͸˽
һӣԵķӡű仹ûֻжѣ˷ıҽڹֵľݵһ򾡣Ҵɱ䡣
ʱɫ԰ף˻ʿȥ־ɽ¥Ͷһս
ˡܷܷҡͷ
ţܷܷ𾪺ͷŭ
ƾʲôΪʲô
˸ϣϹҶϵĲҵƾʲôңܷܷ
оԼܵǿҵð
裬ɱӦõģɱ֮ˣǶűҲӦίȫ
򳾹Ȼڹ˴ɱ䣬ɽ¥ƾʲô
ƾʲôϼ壿
Ҫˣűۣ˭˭
˵ģҲµĽʦҲױˡ
ϻôţ֮˰
ܷܷѵѵ˾ı𣿲ǶԶɱ䣬𣿡
Ҫϳ֣Ĺټţ佫ţ˵Żȥ򳣬ͤ»ͬѩƬһʹǿļŻὫɷ飬㶫֮ͤҲǵһƤܿͻΧ档
ܷܷôˣ
ˡҲȲʵһɱΧľ£һȨջʵҲסοϡֻҪ˾ļϼʮڣٴ
ܷܷΪʲô֪ΪλҪΪһűֵ𣿡
̾ϢϣһЩ˲ġΪҫϣ֪ǵɽҲȥ
ܷܷΪҪɱ֮ˣ㽫ʬΣҲ޷ǶӡΪһű䣿ֹʺһ˾ˣƾʲôǣ
⻰ֱ赽˼㣬ܷܷ˵ȴˡ
֮󣬱޾ķŭ
ܷܷ͵һϣ˻ϱԺʿȫᣬɱѪլۡҪűʬΣңԴúװȻ͸򳡣Ҫ֪ŭϵ³ŭܷܷ³
ǣָܵ
Ϊϼ򻧾ţ֣֮Ĵ۹ȫۡ
ڹݵɱ䣬Ҳ׼ŭңοֳ޾ɽ¥ˡ
ۻۡ
򳹥ɽ¥ȥűٴ
ҪֹΪɱűҪɵģ˳ɡ
ǣֹͽܡ
ǸҸոҪȥټϱԺʿһ˷ɿڳ˽
ˡҼˣϽ¡
˱ݸϱԺˣֽϣ纣׵ļ֮һҲ纣ܡ
ϼڹҪݵ㣬ֱǹֵɽ¥ݸϱԺ
еĽ׶ڹֵɽ¥̸УеĽҲǱ߽ӡ
ｻףΣʳȴݸУϱԺС
ΪݸۿڣеĻֱӴ뺣
ڹΪΪ֡
ݼС㡣ϳܷܷ
ңǳض񡣡ܷܷ
ϵɽ¥ڹֵоݵСҪӦԣ
ܷܷøȥбԺʿȥѪլۡűն죬ԴҲ죬ȥ򳡣Ҫ򳴥ŭҵĽ
ϵˣܿҪˣǰ
Ȼеӡ
ʱһѪȳ䡣
ɽ¥ˣ纣ĸ޵ͷұ˺룬߷ġ
ȥԵ¡
ʱۿѣ˻򳣬ҪʬΣʬΣ
ֵܣ˵ĸǳ֮á
򳹥ݹɽ¥ʲôʱ򣿡
ϵݷɸ봫ոҹʱ򣬸ոչȥʱ
ܷܷʱͰѸҵͷӹ͵ݸ
־ݣһǧ֮࣬߸СʱͰѸҵͷ͵ˡ
ϵǶѱͺգһվһվɹԽʱͰѸͷ͵ǰ
ţϵﻹһš
ܷܷ
ױš
ȵ˺Ӷű䣬㽫ڹоݵȫҵ𣬽֮ȫնɱʾͽ䡣
⻰һȫ
ԭĲǹָйʡݸ
ж˻
ǧǧ
ʱڳ˸о
ܷܷоһݷı˲벻ġ
ö˶ű˽иңңҪƤٴ
⻰һɫ䣬ΣΣʱϣʬΡ
ϱԺûᣬš
ңܷܷҶӣҽϱԺΪ棬ϱԺ֮ȫնɱ
Ŷˡ
ɫ죬˻ңһٸҲҽϱԺҲҶСһëҲ䣿
ϵڽɽ¥һ𣬾͵ڰͱˣ֪Լˡһµˣʲôǲģ
ڴʱĽֵϴһͳĺ
ϸ֮£ȻĽŲ
賿ĵ㣬ֵߵİձŲ׵ײˣ͵͵͸⿴
ʱȫװĶʿе룬ٳϱԺķ
аŵһϽڱ治ҳ

ʱ
ǧʿϱԺΧˮйͨ
پǿ󣬼ʮСͶʯĶ͵
ϼһĻʱë˻ˣˣȻͶʯ
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Ϊ˽ϱԺҲͶʯ˶͵
ķˡ
ĶʿݸôʿѸݸȫҲûô࣬˰١
ûֻа˰١
ʣǧа˰ѪѪ԰һǧϹ
赽ź󣬻ʮӵľѺСү͹˵ϣȫȥ˶ʿ¼ס
ҡһ䣬ΪǧණʿΧϱԺ
ɤŵĶʿ
ʹץɱָҡܷܷϣ̽ҡϱԺΪ棬նɱ
ϱԺйǷóףͬı˵̿Ͷɱۣ
ǧȻ㲻Ϻܶ࣬Ҳ㹻ϱԺΧˮйͨˡ
ǰһĻܷܷҪըˣСûܹ۸
һҪȥɱűģʱȴΧԺ֮ˡ
Ȼħɱȥ£Ǿܣ涪øɸɾ
ϱԺ֮ǽͷ֪ʲôط˾ڴ۹ȨǵΧ˴ͬı
ǧʿš
׳ʿظһһ顣
ϱԺıűָңܷܷͶס
ϱԺ۹˵ȷֿ򿪴ţɱۡ
ʱϱԺļʿ׷׳𹭼ǽͷߡ
Ϸ֣ǧʿûֻ̽ǰΧѡ
ʱ˫˶֮С
ڵ򳡣
ҵǲΪ˿սǱ̸УǷŹű䡣
ϵãټƵİɣǰ֧Ԯ
Ƭ̺ϱԺϿգ֧ɫ
߼źţϳԱܵϼƵİɣϼѼź֮󣬱ȫǰ֧Ԯ
ʱѾ賿㣬˱ѣϱԺź֮
һһʿ𵶽
һָϼȦİɣʼϸϱԺ֧Ԯ

ʱ̫ա
ǧʿɰΧϱԺһֻ÷ɳ
һһ麰ϱԺָңܷܷǰסϱԺ۹Ƿóսʡ
Ժ֮ڵļʿٴУš
ӵϱԺź֮һһɸ
нǧ˳ϱԺ֮⣬ÿ˶棬Ψֱϳӡ
÷ǳӡ
ǧʿΧϱԺǧܵϼƵİɳԱֳָסʿţ
һΧͱΧ״̬ϡʿơ
뱻ΧѾȥ˺ܳʱˣϱԺڵܷܷѾû֮ǰĽŸС
ǰ֧ԮЩɷӶԶʿη֮Ҳʼáʼ
СʱˣļǧʿҶ֣ɼɫ
˵ˡ
죬Ǿɱ˹˵硣
ɱ֮󣬰¿ӣûѵʲôӵİ
ЩɷӴåʿû˿սӣá֮
ʱϵǽͷȵĶ˵ȣ̸ȥлĩվǰ
ҵߣɱۡ
壡
ģ


ڴʱԶһ󼱴ٵ
ʹ򳣬ʮһʮСʱ࣬ڸϵݸϵϱԺ֮ǰ
ʱǧʿɫܡ
ˣǵĹˡ
û¶棬ֱɱɱɱ

ʱǧʿȼʸ乭
ಡ
ļ䡣
䡭
ʮͶʯͶ
һһʯ͵ϱԺ֮ڡ
һɱ¾ݸ



137 ¾ɱٴΧɱ
ǰʹҹ뿪˹֣ǰݸΡ
ܿ˿ڵѪָһӶˡ
ֻ˻Σ⻹飬һ˶¡
ϣ˿ѾˣѾûôˡ
ޱȵĳ裬δֳ㽣ϾεǺֵ֯ᶽ̫డѾƷ߹ˣδܹؾǵĻ˵˾඼λˡ
ԭΪֱҪ˾ӶߣȻ¡
û뵽˰뼶ᶽ̫࣬۹Ĵ̫ˡ
һЩҰ˾λãҲǿȡһµġ
˾డǺ͵۹ڸƽģӵ֮Ȩ˾ļ̫඼֮Ϊġ
Ű裬ɸ߸ϸ㣬ҵλɱߡ
㵨˹ؼʱɱ˾֮ˣˣˡ
Ҫ㣬㣬ɱĵһ֧ҵģһ
Ȼ˲ʹֱӾд£ǧ֣Ϊϲ⣬Ȩ裬ҪģƷ˾ҪڹԼĶ
֮ÿһֶǵӣڵѪ뽫ء
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138 ⣿ܷܷעڴ˴
Ϊɱܷܷϣű䶼ںʱܡ
֮̽нѧϰ
׽ԭʼؼѾˣǴʦ˰ʱͽؼд˹
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ħɷ紵һ㣬ͤУûκηӦ
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˫֣ɴϼ
űӷɿת˼ν常֮
֣˭ҲȲˣֹ常ͤȲ㣬ҲȲ㡣֣
ȻĿű䡣
λΪ֮ͱӶűɣ֣ЦҲǱͬ˽űҲϼѺһͬѺǡ
Ȼ󣬼ʿǰͼֱҪöű䡣
򳱬˭ң
˲䣬һǿͬըһ㣬͵رŷ
ŭڣͬХ˭һָͷҾն˫ۡ˭ץӣҽʬΣĸĸֵܽȫնɱҽľ壬ȫ𣡡


143 ű䣬ٿɱ䣬ɱ
ָ˵ѧԺ
ּ̫չʥּ˻ʵԻȥ˵ѧԺɽְ֮ȥ㶫˵ѧԺɽְ֮Ϊʹι˵ѧԺɽմˣ
ߵףūּ꣡
Ա˵ѧԺɽ͢Ҳߵڵأޱʹ죬ޱȿɬ
ʹΪ군ˣǴİ
˵ģ͢޷򳾹Ȼ˷֮£ϼ˸ǣƫƫֱӴɱ䣬ڹľݵ𣬶ҽϵļǧȫնɱ
ңֻΪһű䡣
ΪôһС󣬾Ȼ춼ͱˡǸ˵򳸸˵޴أ
ʵ͢˼άˡ
ɱ֮ˣϼڹľݵһΪ˶ű䣬Ϊ˻ʵۡ
൱ֵķǷó׶ڹݸ۽Уͬڵ۹ĹƴѪһй
ÿһ궼ǲת˵²ЩתΪ۹ӵ׺ո۹ʿ
ÿһ꣬ϴݸ׬ӳЩӣϼıʵ
Щݵ㲻ÿһ춼ܹ۹Ѫ׳󣬵׳һ̶ȣһһ췴һͳϡ
Ǹʱ򣬴۹ʧȥƽء
ϼķǷóף۹߲㶼֪
ΣĹټţ佫ŲܣȥһÿôʵӣȻȲһڴ۹ĸ
˵ҲɾÿǮв˾ҷԴϹĺΨΨŵŵϼķǷóӶ󿪷֮š
ʵΪ飬ò֪˶ٶÿһζֻԼȥҵľͷӹԹԼϴϴá
֪Σ˭ָȥܣʵѵּ
Ǳ֤ĽɾͬһŰֽǻʵۺ˳͢˾ġ
ɱ֮ˣٵоݵ㣬ǻʵֲ顣
Ȼܹ͢뵽һҲںֻںһ㣬군ˡ
͢пɬΪԼûпɽԼ˵ѧԺɽѾܶˣ򳱻ְˣȴֲ
ּ̫˴뿪̹֮͢깪µϲϲ
꣬ԭ㶫˵ѧԺɽһϵԱ
Ϊ˸ϱݻȻֱӴӹ˹㶫
Ҫ֪˵ѧԺɽԶ㶫ģΪ˸ֲ˹ʹһȱ
͢ļģɽλҲ̫õģܿˡ
ʱֱ͢ӹߵ׵лɽࡣ
ȥѧԺеĹԱеĽʦȫټ顣
ǡ͢Ųȥɽ
ʱ˵ѧԺеĹԱͽʦȫɽѵ
ʵ˶𣿡
̹͢ڡ
ĸʱҪ죬Ȼڡ
ŭ޹ȱϯְ񡣡
ֱӾ͸һ
ǡ͢
еĹԱͽʦҾ˵¡
һ£򳷸˴󰸣Ѿְ׽ýԣ˵ѧԺˣҪ㹻иޡ
⻰һȫȻ𾪣š
Щ꣬ȫԳ֮Ϊ˵ѧԺ죬ʱȻˣ
ڶ£ʮһ֮Ǳµٽڡ˵ѧԺıҵǰʮУڱٽڵУϣóõĳɼΪº١
⻰һ˸Ǿ
˹ԭҵ󿼻аʮһ죬Զű˵ʱ仹㹻üѧûѧϰʮһ֮ͽбҵ󿼣Ҷű飬޷ټѧϰˡ
ǱҵУζõһ
ļ£űѧ˹ͣҵ󿼼ʮ֡ܲڹƽʮӷȥ˶ͬһߡ
Ϊ˷ϣһϵ˻ǲֶΰ
Ǽڱҵȫѹˣһʧ

ݸѪլۡڡ
򳷢֮õͳĿһһظһ飬˭ץű䣬ɱȫҡ
ֱʡᶽ̫֣裬ɫһЦ򳣬Ѿְܷ˲缦ʲô
ĿɺâҾûκְλҾڼ֮Уɱ֣ȫ壬練ƣ
֣򳣬ץˣѵҪΥּ𣿡
ʥּУаᵽű䣿
֣ſһľ˾ľдץű䣬κΥߣɱۡ
˾࣬۹˵ȨǺڸƽƹܶ˾в˾ֵ֯˵
֮ͤҲ˾Ͻ
ţ֣蹪˼򳲻ˡλ˾ɣһܷˡ
ʱ̫ʿȫ£ӭˡ
һɫӣǰȸӵĴ̫໺롣
һƷְ̫࣬߳뼶Ǵ۹ĸ߼¹ˡ
Ҷ˾Ͻǰλ˾Աˡ
λ˾һ͵̫ˣϷۣ촽Ϳ죬ʮˣд欣˼֮ͺë
ǻʵ۵Ĳ飬ֵأһ˫Ϊϸ
ߵűǰӴС濡֮ǰǡÿԷ̾ǵĹˣҲ֪ô
ָƨɡ
ȻŶűָ·ϲԣȰ˫ֵĽҲ˰̺Ҳ˫֡
ȻֱҪֽű˫۽ٵ
򳺮˵ģ˭ҶӰָͷҾն˫֡
˾λƷְ̫ЦĪҪˣ֮ǰȫʢ㣬ҲҪ¹ģֻǽ֮ҵУʲô簡ͿŰҲҪӵ˫۽Ҫùء
֣ڱϵ˵˺ɱۡ
ǣʱļʮʿ
ҲŶ
Ȼλָ絶ݺݳŶűֱ۽ȥֱӾҪٵű
ৡ
磬֡
λƷְ̫˫ۻնϡ
Ѫ䣡
Ȼ¶ȫŵĿ⣬ԼðѪĶϱۣ֮ĲҺ
ű˼룬һۣȻͳѩذף׼ؿ͵ش롣
һ㵣Ȼһ𣬶׼Ʒ̫Դ͵ն¡
ৡ
λ˾Ʒ̫ն룡
λҪʹˮǰ˾Ʒֱ̫࣬Ӳ



144 򳿹ּɱ
ű䲢ǺͻȻɱ˾Ʒ̫ġ
Ϊն˫ۣԳȥѯʵһۡ

ȻնֱˣǲֱɱһѾ׵ˡ
ڶǶĸ߲㣬ҲӦöץΪƫƫ˾ࣿ
Ǵģ˾͢ɶʱץˣ
Ȼ֣ʥּ򳲻Υ
˾ľô£һרһƷ̫ץű䣿
һ̽һƣǶƣǶԶ֮ͤ̽
ֻߣָıͺ壿
űɱˣøݣһ˾룬ɱ˵ֳԼͷϡ
ԣλֱӱ롣
ĸᶽ̫֣ʱȫˣ޷Լ۾
֪ЧҺݾû뵽˺ݰ˾Ʒ̫డȻǱ̫࣬˾̫ҲǣҲ˾Ҳ֮͢˰
͢ڸһܵؼٴһ
֣ȻҲǴƷλ˾ҲҪģȻ򳾹Ȼ˵ɱɱˣ
ʱ֣͵ذν򳣬Ҫ췴𣿡
˦ȥϵѪ֣裬춼ͱˡǸɱˣǶһֵΣ
֣Ȼ
ǵ۹ڵˣһȽϽأҪŪһҲ֤ȷ䣬̡һЩҪٵأҲͱˡ
ţ֣裬ҪҿԣǶű㲻ܶ
֣սӲҪأ
򳽫µĵһξǾͱٴɱ䣬ҼȻɱ˾ˣҲɱˡ
֣ʱʥּ򳶼š
ţ¶һЦ𣿡
ţһϺȵץշ򳣬ץշű䣬Ҿܲߣɱۡ
ʱʮʿ͵ذνͶűΧ
֣Ȼ㲻ץǾֳɱɱűΣ˵š
ţ͵һӡ
мʿӿѪլۡ
֣裬ڹûô˰ɣҲܴӾǴô
֣Ц㹥ϱԺʱ򣬶ǧʿѵҾͲüٸʿ
⻰Ѿ˵úˣ⼸νʿǹżµˣΪʿ֣ǲѡ
ʱȻ򣬶űҲȻ
ˣˡǸһؾҪֱɱҪּıҵɱ𣿡
֣һЦû˵ʲô
ǸɵҲ˾Ƴڻҡ֪űҵۣһٵҵƬۣҪеҪҿּҵɱ»ʵ۲Ըɱҡ
£ȫˡ
Ϊ˾רųһץűľȫײࡣ
˸Ȳǣڹɱ򳡣
֣ЦֹȻһӾͿıʡΣ
ǰΣ
лʵ۵ּ⣬˾ľӲҪץű䣬ΥҾɱô֣ҵֿǾǿּıҽɱ˳ԹԵ־ܣҲ־ܡҲ֪Ӷűһץ˾ǣ˹ͻᱻŪΪֻһֻСϣŪ֮⣬û˻⣬Ǹ常ͤҲɣϾԪ·
ı˵˾ıˡ
ѡ񣬵һɶű䱻ץɱڶּ
ּı

۹ǻʹ

ʵ۸ո۹ͳ˧۹ڸ󳼡
ȻһĶŵѵñŭ鷿жҵĸɸɾ
ҪôҶѾְּˣ׽ýˣҪô
ÿ켸ǧۣٷѪ顣
ÿ켸ٸߵڡ
ɽӻ䣬ΧɽΧ
̫ѧʳǧ˾޵Ĺ֮ǰĪÿʮˡ
˶ˣңǶΣһǡ
˵ʲôΪ鵳ǰ޵ɵЩڣ֪˭Ǽ鵳Ǻ͹ʲôϵΪʲôƽ˭֪
ЦǣЩĹ佫߹ô󺣴˽ߺ˶У˵ʮûҪ췴ġ
˰УʲôʱǹϾСˣʲôʱǹɽСˣʲôʱǹǵˣ
ҳӣҳӣΨ޵иİ֮ˣӲҪɱԼĸҳӲҪԶϱ۰򡣡
ŭĻʵţȻһҵĿԣֹסϴɫƽ죬ɿ̺֮һƬ
Ѫˡ
ʺ֮󣬼ϵѪʱŵɫ԰ףֱӹ޵ǧҪŭǧҪŭòֹס˿Ѫٸˡ
ʵɥϣɫ£쳤̾ʵۣôôأһĸ󳼶סأ
򳣬ʱİ飬ʱ͹һʦѧ䣬ҳҳʵ̾ϢǰϹᣬÿӵ۹Ѫӣһӽ˾ڹоݵȫ𣬽ȫɱˡһϼϾһ룬ҪָҪʱ䣬͵ڰһͳ˾˵Ľӳ˺ü꣬ǴԪ
ʺΪβϹڹʱأʱ˾Ҫ췴Ҳѡ
ʵ۵ȱڹͽڹĲҵݵȫεǾͻᱻΪʵ۵־ǸʱϺͻ޻أΨм췴ȱ뿪֮飬ͿԱԼ־ΪӶű临𣬾Ͱժ˳ȥΪʵ۱
ʺǡҳ
ʵ̾Ϣ˲֮ȴڿ˵ɼ鳼ļ鳼ȴڳ֮Դǣʷǻ֮Ҵġ
ʵ۽ʮ꣬ͷѾ˴ˡ
ϵ۹һ㣬;ɵɫˡ
ңɲǵʵνӻʵһӣĹúܼӡ
ʺǰϽǱӲǲּǾɱ򳡣
ʵĿк⿿ЩӼĴѧʳÿʮҲԶϱ۰˶˾ͶˣҿǾþҵʲôزĴңҲݹЩڳЩ󳼣ЩҪԡ
ţʵһ̾Ϣ˾ǡҲסˡ
ܼ򵥣һ纣Խڡ
Ϊ۹ϼ޿֮ˣʱΪ纣˱ֻܰѱƷ˾ļ鳼ͷϣͷ纣˱
ʺİ鰡ҳϵĳӰ
ʵû˵
˴ֺγǺҳϵĸӣ
ֺγҪɱ˴߹֮ңЩҵľ࣬˴ĿںţҲֻʹն˴
Ȼ㺺ɱ˴Ҳû߹˱
λʵɱ򳣬纣ǿ϶˱ģҲ췴ΪиҪҪǾǰ̲˾ˣʱ췴ʱ
֮ȺĹ佫ֵҲּɱ򳣬еǾ췴ɡʵն
ʵ۲ɱ־Ҳ㹻
ǡǵ͹´󳼵޳ܺݾųҳ˵
˼ѹûҪֱҪԿּı壬ֱӽڹɱ
ʱ򳲻ˣǵʻʵۻҪΪɱ߱顣
ʵ۱£ǿΪɱģּء

ݸѪլۡ
ʿűΧ
ัᶽ̫֣ϺεЦݣ֣Ǵ㿹ּͬıɱأ屡죬ףλأ
ޱʹر۾
ʹ಻ΪҪѡ񣬶ΪҲʼñ£Ūµ־أ
ǡǿ˵˵Ψһĸ
Ѿʹˣֱǡ۹һ
ѵѾưܵ޷𣿡
ѵȲҶűɳ۹Ҫˣ
ѹʦĻ䡣
֣Ц֣ϣ屡ȥġȻӱǸɱҶòȻˣȴȥ˰˸ûб
ɱ۾
֣Цڿ˵űۣǾͲҪֱ˶۶òƿѪˣ˭ôأںű˭ܽ
˫ۣѾһƬѪ죬˻֣裬Ҳ͡οñ£Ūּ⣿˵һԱǾԼˣԺĹ佫һˣԲݻȨԻٸʵ۱Ψһĸ
ӴҰ֣Цɫһ˵ȻǵǾӵж־ǿ
ˣˡеЩ˻źĹټţ佫ƽƽһִƵ۹ܿŪµɡ
֣ɫҪſڴƻƣǶԻʵ۱µҳϣؿɱҲΪ򳿹ּͬѧ֮꽫ɱ購𣿡
ƽͷȥҪҿּҪıԵҵͷϣҳȫ㣬֣ҪɱȫһʮˣҪɱøɸɾˣ
ɱɱɱ
һϺͬҰһ
ʱܵ͵ؿ
ǧʿ˷ӿ
顭
棬ںѹѹġʿˮһӿ롣
֣⼸ŰΧ
ัᶽ̫֣ɫ򳣬ʥּҪı𣿡
򳵭ұҪ־ܵģӲҪң㲻ҪҿּԸ
ı͸ˣ˵еһȺ͸ˡ
ɱɱɱЩɱøɸɾһ
ˣȥȥɽ֣һȫնɱڵʬң
ɱɱɱ


145 ɱأƾ
һ£һǧֵġʿ乭䡣
ʱո
ัᶽ̫֣ȻİٶʿҲƴֿ
Լġʿ˲ڽڰˣмء
֣֮ۿѣıɱ
Ȼ켸ʮ֣سɱȥ
ֻҪס򳣬ɱ򳣬ת
УһЩʿȺףսˡ
ű䡣һ¡
ʱ֣һǰһ󱣻ű䡣
ųɱļʮ֣һЦ͵ؽԼ˺ϡ
ȻҪ۶壬̫ɱ˵ʱ¡
Ҵ򲻹ѵ򲻹Щĸ𣿡
Ȼǵûк˾أͬһ㣬档
һˣԼʮֳ档
ʱ֣趼Щˡ
ת֮䣬嵽˼ʮֵǰ
е뵶֮У͵ؿɱ
ৣৣৡ
䡣
һ֮С
ÿһضɱһˣȫʬ
ÿһǽԴն䣬ǽضϣֱֻӴ롣
Щ꾡λӸλ书һҲû¡
ৡ
һ˶սʮˣȴͬȺһ㡣
Ѫ죬ɱͬ׼
̶һʱ䣬֣ʮʿ֣ɱøɸɾ
֣Ŀһӣһ̬ԡ
򳣬˵ѧԺұһ죬ڱҵõһҲ˵һ֣Ҽǵҵķ㻹һְɡ
ͣ½Ųֱվһ˦ϵѪ
֣Ǹˣ˵ѧԺıҵԣûоȫȨڶ󣬵ҲһôǾȫȫ䡣ģרҵһЩ
򳲻ݡ
֣裬Ŀ硣
򳣬ǻʵ۵İ飬ͤӣȨҲ㡣֣书ȴҪ߹ģɱ༸ʮˣҲĵò˰ɡҪ۹Ʒ֣ʦܵĻɫ
³һȻ罣֣軺򳿹ּ購֣Ϊ֮ϣɱ򳣬ջҪƾһҵĽ£Ҳҫ
˵գ֣͵رȡ
˲䣬ӰĽͬһӰһ㣬͵سȥ
۴̡
Ӱɿش߽
Ȼ֣趨ԭأһ鴤
ͷһ͵Եڵء
Ϊϥ±նϡ
嵹µʱ°˫Ȼֱվڵء
֣跢ޱ֮Һ
һ˦е书ǿɱģԺ
֣赹أļʿʱʧȥж־
Լġʿûκʤ㡣
ʱʣµĶٶ˷׷׹ڵϣ߾˫ֵͶͶ
򳶼ѾּټֿȥҲֻ·һˡ
ǲģǽϸġ
ݸġ
ŹڵϵĶٶˣĿһ͵һ֡
ಡ
һһеĶʿ
ۡ
̶Ƭ̼䣬ͽʣµĶٶˣɱøɸɾ
ัᶽ̫֣裬ȱϥնϣڵ˻򳣬ҿּııߵĺǶܾ㣬ˣˣ
մѪʥּطڸ̨֮ϣȻʥּߵ׵򳣬ּ
ȻմѪļҪԼϡ
һĻ֣ʱȫˡ
һҳڱ£·ǣҲҿּ񡣡򳻺Υ˾ĳЩ֮ɱЩѱµҳӡѺͣԼżȴµĴãҪɱҪУҾ޶
ʱűۿȡ
Χжʿ£ϣ
ͤǧ͵һҧҵȻϽߵڱ£ҾͲ֮ûй塣
ԣǻϽκε˺ߣɱۡڶණʿߺѪڣ͵ذνûԼס
ڴʱլۡϤ
Ѳɡ
˷ǳжΧǽ滺򳣬ľٶҴ㵣𾪡
ǣǲ뿪ġ̾Ϣ
˲䣬еԭ
˾̫شˣǲֻһ
򳽫ڹоݵնɱҲˣؼϼĴ漯Ŷܵ˾޴ʧ
ԣɱ򳡣˾ʱ򣬻ʵ۾Ҫһֶ纣˱ˡ
磬սɵļӣҪ࣬ٵʧ˫
ֱ磬常̨֮ͤ
ɥĲ񰡣
Ƕôƣ˾޴Ĵۣһô
Χֺֹֻ˵˵
鵳򳿹ּɱղͬıɱκΥߣնɱ
ǣνȴ
˵Ҳһˣδ壬ϵĳԱ
Ȼһ׺ͱײƿµĽŲ
һһӵıѪլ֮ۡ⼯ᡣ
һǧǧǧǧǧ
Ϲȱʮ밲Ϲƽѣѹʡڵľȫˣʣµ澫񲿶ӣǧѡ
񣬶ԷȻǧ
ⲻǰѹʡʣµľȫҶ˺ܶ˽ˡ
ˣôֻҹɫ͵͵˵ݸȻ֮Ƶ½ﵽѸײڶ֮Ч
Ϊڹɱ򳣬ǴĻǡ
ӺɣףģνǧѪССլۡΧˮйͨ
Ȼ󣬼پ߾ǿ
ʮߴͶʯȫװϡ
ͷһǧˣҪսʤȫװǧ񣬽ǲܵˣοԷ˴ɱ
Ƕ־ڱصá
Ǹ˾ڻң֣ҲΪڻҡ
֣ܹɱ򳣬ȻãɣףģȵҲҪġ
ǣǶ˽⣬֣Ӧúɱˡ
ôԾ֣ҲΪڻң򳿹ּΪʵȻ˳ɱ֮
ͽ벶ȸں
ҪԴȺʵ۵ĴҲǾҪｫɱ֮
ɱ֮ģܵ

򳿹ּͬıɱ
жʿȫͶɱۡ
棬һһ麰š
ൽʱˡ
νȴԤ
ףֻǰܱ٣ϺɽĹ١
ԣⳡսָӹ٣ǹνȡ
ʱǧʿ乭
ʮߴͶʯȫſŵǾʯͶ͵
Ҫǽȫɱһжʿ򳣬ű䡣
ḧűԴȻһ𵶽ǣһսɣ
ʱһǧʿ𵶽
Ϊϣ޺һս
ҳʿҧأ׼ӭһ֮ս

ȿļǧӣޱȵ⡣
ǹνָս»ǵһΡ
һΣҪɱľȻǴպյ򳡣
Ҫ¾޴ˣɹɱ֮󣬲ڸǱҪܱˡ
ʮֱܱ꣬ǵ۹Ľ漣
̲סе⣬ȺűС󣬵㺦ֶԶʱ򣬿뵽нգ
ԶǸΧű䶯Υ°ܺɱ˾򻧡
ǹϵԶףʵ̫ں
űС¶ϳŵʱ򣬿뵽нգкλ
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ĵҫĿɱԽԽŨ
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Ȼһ˲䡭
ǰһӰ
һ˵ζ֮С
һӰ貶Ŀ
ৣ
νȵĴͷֱӱնϣϿС


146 常һܷܷ
ʮɱһˣǧﲻУ
书ѩ˻ء
֮δʡ
Ƭ̺󣬹νȵͷ׹ڵϣĲѪſȻʬȻء
λּԺյĹνûӭԼҫʱ̣Ѿȥ
δ˽Եӣô;еͬıɱѩ
ѲɣϺɽף˲۾ŵȵʬ塣
ǵȻ֪ɱأϾĶʿȫڶװ
ҾˣҪϼݵ㶯ֵʱҲȴõʹӡ
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ѩѲɣףĵ˽ѪլۡǷּı
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ัᶽ̫֣ʹſ죬ȴ֣ΪͷˣҲ޷д֣Ϊ˫ֶնˡ
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ﵽǻġ
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о֮档
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˲䣬ȼͻͺͲнӿĻ棬ɷܷܷ塣


147 죡ܷܷռ
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̨֮µļʮʦӷ裬еӹ죬·߽һ㡣
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ʱ120Сʱʱʼ
ţűԺӿֳٵĵʱ
120Сʱʱһһؼ٣޵ĽȸС


148 ȸűͨţ
120Сʱʱϵͳģ纣ġ
ȻѾҪˣһɼᣬϣԽ˱߾
ôʵ۾ֻɱ常һ·
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֮ǰΪƾװϵ˴ùҲǰ;Ըɳ¡˾ֹɳ¡˾
ΣգˣھܹõĹټŵԭºͽһࡣ
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ص֮ھͻΪɱľ޴󹦳ʱǰ;á
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152 ڲűƾ
ںʹãգգ۾ΪԼǺƳֻþ
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еһĻҪˣűıһеĻˡ


153 ò󹦸
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154 ˣϣ
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Ӱ׼ȷ˵ĨɱǷ֪ΪάȫʵҪķξ޴㿴ҵûжõһҲǰ;ȻЩؼھԲܳǰ漰ؼԽ̡
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156 纣Ѫʦ֮
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սȻɱ⣬Խɳ¡նɱԾ󻼡
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ʾַ۹ǻֶΣ벻纣
ԥϣ
˾ܹһ壬ٴ纣оֻһˣʣȫ˾ǻѹס
纣޷߳һ֮⣬ûһӲͷˡϺ͹ļڶûпΣŻʵɱ򳣬ͤ˵ǵˣ˵ѡ
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֮⣬ĸǧʿٶȸأ֧ԮҺҶ
ոմӾǻ͵֪纣ʾϵϢûκϢָ̼еĶʿ;漸ܸ纣ĵһս
ȱأҺҶǾ򳡣
֮⣡
һһ۵糸߶
ʦᣡ
֮ǰ̫أòѨչԼķβ֮ˡ
ȻʵǣҶűѧϰȣԻָ֮󣬾̳ء
֮󣬷ֶűѾ뿪ˡһӾϢ˾纣ʮϣҪ۹߾
ʱ䣬ʦҪըˡ
ڿҪȫסٵĲȫ˲Լ书ָֻ˴룬Լһƥűض
纣ıͲҪɱ㣡
Ϊ򳣬Ϊ˱£Ϊ˴۹ҪǧУȡ纣ͷ
λƸеĴʦԴ۹ʧ
һϢνΪ۹Ҳ
ⱲӣõɣҰһˡ
ʦ֮Ϸ۵糸Ѿڼ֮⡣
纣ȡͷ

һߣȫһµʱ㡣
ʮһʱǰűҰŵ߸Ų紦Ȯ¿񱼶ȥ
۹ߣѾԼܹһСʣµģϾҪ֮컯ˡ
ҪȫȫͶ뵽ҵ֮С
ҵ󿼣һҪʤϣõһ
һӣ
ķܶʸ񣬶Ҫʧȥ
ҪõһҪҵ󿼵ЩĿõ֣һҪ
Ȯʦľ񴫳У־ڱصã
񱼣񱼣
һֻϢСʱʣʱ䶼ڿ񱼡
һ·ϣ֪˶ٴξ̲飬д۹ģҲаľӡ
Ƕűƣ㹻ͨ衣
۹ƣϹƣѩơ
ʾƺоӷ׷Ͼˮʳţ⡣
ˣǻΪűṩսһ
䰲ľӣޱȡ
֮ǰս£ϹڽڰˣƣѾ˰ڽɽµľҲʿ㵽˼¡
Ŵ۹ĳϹʮ£ϹĴʿ˲񣬶Դ۹ʹҲޱȸм顣
Ǽű˽ΪʲôҪֱɳϰ͡
ֻűҰܵʵ̫ˣ˼ʮʵ׷ϣŷ
߲ݵĳ۳ңһҹʮСʱűǧ·ڵĿĵء
ҰҲƣһȦ
ɵϵսֻѾʮƥˡ

Ȯʦûйֲһҵˡ
ǲܵǹϼα
ǰ۹ǣʵԽӼ̸˼ʱһһի
Ӵ֮󣬻ʵ۵鷿оͶһ鷨ȮɮĽ
λʦ书Σ޴֪
ľʦ𷨴ʦ
ѾʮˣԲŵʱ
ȮһƫƧС֮У֪ϺµĸɮʦΪֻһͨϺжѡ
Ϊÿ춼ҪԵԵĶªĴֲ赭
Ȯ£ȫһɽѣȻɣª֮
ǡ
ɽڸߣˮ顣
űɽ·ɽȮǰŶûС
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⣬һʦȮᡣ
ֳա
űһԼİȻ󻺻ɽš
Ȯڣ
棬ֲָ
ǰܴʦ֮񴫳Уűڵص
£Χ
ű侪ޱȣ
ΪһޱϤӰ
ô


158 ǻѹ֣纣
Щˣ㲻ÿ֪˭
Ϊ̫̹ģΪӵһƨɡ
һԴȣ¸úԶһȺУҲһ۾ϳ
˺ɶɱըĸоˣ
Щʱ򣬶űϧ濤Ӧִġ
ըһľܷŴ󵽼£ͻլΪ֮ߵǿߣҷ
ڴʱȮʦڶű𣺡ʩʱʲô
űѿڶ
⻰һһȺͻͷű䣬濤
һȺ˵Ŀ˾ͱġ뷨ҶУֻ㹫Ȼ˵ڡ
Ψһ˵Ŀɱ濤תű䣬һ㵣ȻһĶ
űдطԱȮʦľˣһӰĻѿڶ
ʱע⵽ɽʮˣűڡ
Щ˶ľߣҪõȮʦľ񴫳У濤ڡ
ΪʹΪ
½ֻ5㾫ҲζһƷڲ˵ܾζſԽ⡣
űʼտȮʦס
ͺúԼԿݵӰȴΨף·һžһ㡣
ǶűˣһɮʮҪõ񴫳еͽ뵽ĳ־顣
ȮʦǶҪõҵľ񴫳У𣿡
ǡűڵʮȫ¡
ȮʦǺã⡣һԣл۸
ʱʮȫ۾
Ȯʦûб׼𰸣ûжԴֻлشɣȺ͸ղǸһﻰ˵ڡ
ʱ濤ֵݹһɱĿ⡣
ãͺ¿ű
ԣ˵Ȯʦ
űԹԱˣҲˣϺ̫ţˣľͳηΧڣ
һ⣬˭Ȯʦ
һ㵣ô򵥵⣿ôѵ⡣
֮Լ򵥣κ˶Իش
֮ѣκ˶ѻشóʡ
ű䱾ܾҪξԤ֪֮£ҵȮʦԤڵĴ𰸡
ѭģҪڤ룬ҲҪ̽ĵ⡣Ȯʦڶű
й
Ϻôţǹľʦ
˭
ѧռ⣬Ȯʦʱʵǵһ⡣
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ȻѣѧһԽԼԽѧ֮󲻵еԼһ粻ѧѧơ
˭⣬űˮһƪֵġ
ǣҲһõĴ𰸡
Ƕű䡣űʵʵش
ǺǡȮʦ
˶شˣű䲻֪˵Ĵ𰸣֪濤Ĵ𰸡
ΪȮʦ˼һթĻˣһ湢ֱˣȻͬһ𰸡
濤ܵسű
ȮʦûǸҪС硣
űҪըˣзߺ޵ͺ¿һѵҪ㡣

Ȯʦڶ⣬
⣬ű˲ֹһ顣
յĴǣգô֪Ҵ
˭֪Ҵ
ȻڵĶűԺţƺ˵Ҵһ
ű仹˵øԶըԴĹϵ
⣬űˮʮ֡
ǣնűشҴӹ
ⲻ淵豹棬Ҳڼװ
⣬û˼͸ЩĻشԵ׾֮εëȻ
شãѾǰ˹ֻ̹Сˡ
СúãûмõģҶġ
ű䲻֪ôش𣬵ؿȮʦһ£·ëȻƤصӡ
ȻЩŹĻشôʦ
һ仰˵úܺãһ˼ϵ۾ͷЦ
˹̹ε飬ӦǱһغ۰ɣ˻зǳ˵ķ֣Ҫ˹̹
λըѵŮǸҪСֺһĴˡȮʦը֣Ҳԭʡ
濤ɱѾŨ˼¡
սȭŵ͵һҡ
飡
һ죬Ӳʯͷ棬ֱӱҳһӣΧʯͷȫѿ
ըѣ濤
ţȮʦʵ⣬λС磬ҾбҪ˼һ´𰸣ٺŮһĻҵᱻ
űλʦһɮܸЩ

⣬ҪȥȮʦ
֮ǰ·űӦûشҪع
ǸֱıӦûôشҪȥս
Ϊ˱ͬһ𰸣νͬһ𰸣棬˼űҪ˼Զһˡ
ҪȥҲҪȥҲǺ졭
ǣռĿ꣬ռʹ
ѧⶼ·пӵġ
ű֪һ㣬Ϊÿһ˼ǼСʱȻòκδ𰸣ԼĻҰ;
ÿһζ⡣
ζű˼˺ܾãȴһģһ
ȫûд𰸡
Ҳ֪űش
ʱ˶ѾشˣűȮʦڶ
ȻЩ˹ĻشȮʦо
ⶼشˣ
ȮʦޱįҾ֪磬Ȩ磬׷׷Ȩ˭ȥ֮֮
ˡȮʦըѵŮҪС磬ʣʮһȫȥɣǱ̭ˣ
⻰һʣʮһȫŭˡ
ǿǷԲǧӢţѧʣѧѧҲġ
ղŵ⣬Ҳش컨׹оȫˣ֮Ϊλᱻ̭
ȮʦܹΪжô㣬Ϊھ̽ϣ˶ⳡԲǱ˭㣬ڱá
Ϲ˵ʲôʵ˰
ȮʦûôãŮԴ֮թ˼£豹棬Ϊ˼̫࣬Խûд𰸣Դǫ
ʦôֱᱻ˴ġ
ʣʮһɫһһ͵ذνˣɲôʦ˵ˣջҪ
ĸߴ˫䣬书ǿ
ʮһֽԹŮɱˣȻѡһˣȥõȮʦĴСΪ˵
ʱЩ˲ȮʦΪ˭֪޸֮
ľҪѡһ˴еģԲźͳ״ʧˣһۼ
ԣʮһɱ˶ű棬ȻٻɱյʤȥõȮʦľС
ֻоȮʦĲּ;˼˭⣿
¶űҲ̫⡣
ʮһ˰νֱӳŶűΧɱ
濤͵ذνɿű󣬺׼ӭսʮһˡ
֮սöű伸濤ƨǾ˵ĵԡ
űˣåһұ֤㡣濤ŭ
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ܣһ׽ᡣ
ɱʮһ͵һ𣬻ӽŶűնɱ
Ȼ
Ȯʦһ̾Ϣ
ʱ
ʮһֱӷ˳ȥ
һĻöűĲ
ʹġȮʦؿڡ
Ȼʮһ߷׾ٽɱ
ৡ
ҲҲ
ʦʦ
һһȫԼĿƣӽĨԼĲӡ
ѪĽ
ʮһ˺ʬ
ű濤ȫˡ
Ȯʦһֱֵ÷ǳĬǻۡ
ʮԶǱ˵ģһֻ϶Ĳһȱµĸɮ
ʱֱɱʮһˣ۾գһ£ָͷҲûжһ¡
Ȯʦһ˱ֵޱȴȱ϶Ĳ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
űΪУƽȣ˺ҲûʲôͬĲϣҲζŵɱ˵ʱҲͲû𡣡
ԡȮʦȱ±飬㻹л۸ġ
Ȼ󣬴ʦŶű濤
ˣֻһԵõҵľ񴫳Уô죿

أ
纣֮£عǹء
ҺҶǱޱ¸ң̫ˣҶ
ԣһʱѾ·磬
ϾɵĳǹأͬеСһ㣬纣籩Ľɪɪ·ʱܱ߽⡣
ǡ
¡˾Ǿʵ̫ˣѾ˺ۣѾѪ죬¿ȥʱҪˣȴء
ܾһӾͻ߽᳹⣬ǰʱȥˣɷأɱ¾
һ֧򲻿ľӣΪˣΪʹˣԸѾ»ˣȴӵޱǿ־
־֧սһֱ
纣죬ѾҪˡ
֮սһٶ˥ߡ
첻֮ǰվҪˡ
ǣ纣˧ɡ
ϳޱǿֱԾϳ¥ɱҺҶõоȺףһٻ
һַǳǳ
κ˧书ٸߣҲԲܳɱڵһߣӦʿ䡣
Ϊ֪Էû书ǿ֮ɱ֣
ң˧ǿӦΪɱﵡͬϹȱܹ֮һ˿һĴɱΪѭɡ
սϣ̳Լ书ɱڵһߡǵȵľһȻ֣һٴɱ
ǸʱϹȱֿʲô
纣ҳ֣Ϊ֪Էûо֡
ĴʦѾأ֣ܳһ֣ܾζ
һ
纣ǿޱȵ͵һ㣡
ಣ
ȫΥѧֱųǹصǽ棬ֱʮ׸ߵĳǹء
ʦ
纣һۣһʦǿߡ
˳¥֮
纣֮ͬգֱӳؽҺҶ͵ɱȥ
ޱǿսͬըһ㣬ΧǱȫɳȥ
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Ȼһӣ纣ɢ
ΪһӰͬһ㣬ֱӴӺڰϮ
ʦᣬȴһѾܾˣ
纣ɣʦһȡ
Ľâ纣͵նɱȥ


159 ʹ˱ű湷Ů
κﶼ纣ʱĵľ
һʦ֣κζܶȻġ
纣Ҳûдܣ
еսеת䷽򣬳Ŵʦķնȥ
ʦĽ纣ĵޱ͵ײһ
䡭
˲䣬ͬըըһ㡣
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¥һļž
ҺҶӵһѪȻٳȥʦ
û˵ֻǰ˰֡
纣Ҳû˵ֻǾʦ
뷨ǾԾԲֵܳģ֮ǰͿһһս̫ˣһγ֣ܿ
ؼǣ˭ҿ϶û纣ߣϾܷܷʦ
˭뵽ỹˣ
Ƿˣǲ
Ϊָֻ˴룬纣ʦǿ߰һ֣ܲɱ纣Լ
۹˸࣬ΪλһȺԸΪǰͺ̵
ûκνûκ
纣˴ʦһֱۣתԾ³¥صԼľ֮С
һͳ죬ĵɽף纣ɫ糣ûκ˺ۣŷ
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˱纣ϧ𣬰ֶԸིȻֱӵĴ֮С
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֮ڣһӡ
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Ѫӿθ˺ۡ
һû˵ֱӵء
ʥ̵ļʦһȻûзκ̶һֶνʩȡ

ǹ֮ϣ
ҺҶһѪ̳嵽ߡ
ʦǧҪ£ǧҪ£ˣҺҶðԼɱʮ飬Ҳز˵۹ʧ
۹ûмʦЧڵ۹Чڱ¾͸ˡ
ĳ̶ֳϣʦҲǵ۹ϵ
йʦжԵʦҪϹҪԵ۹Ҷֵʱ򣬶뵽ıҲͰ´֮ġ
û⼸λʦţѩ̫ӵ£Ϲȱÿ겻֪Ҫܶٴδɱ
ϱߵᣬߵͤ
ЩʦеִĺòҪϣһҪУҪá
ҺҶǰܵץס˴ʦֱۡ
Ȼ
ʦұۣƮƮرͬеı
ۡһѪ͵
ҺҶеĶϱۣӿ
ܴʦΪֻʣ˴룬ղǾһ纣Ƕ㲻ġκζܣκܵľٶֻһǾǱɡ
ץסһ˵ԼǰҲǱɡ
ʦĽ׾ٵпһˣٽ纣նϡ
Ȼ纣ʱ䣬ȷķӦûκζܣֱӭһն˹ȥ
һĵײڴʦĽϡ
ıը󣬴ʦô󲿷֣ʣµĽɷǳˣѾ޷ֱӽ纣ֱг롣
纣ĵನնֱӽʦұжϡ
޷ѾܺˡȥֱۻáҵҾȸҵĶϱȰѴһЩѪܷȻٰѸϸĽȥϸĵľҽЩ顣Щٰ֮ҵĶϱ۷ȥȻ϶ʹá
ǣǡҺҶϽԼ侲סʦÿһ仰
˵̴Ŷļʮʿ񱼻ĳץõҩץõʦ
ۡʦһѪЦ纣ҲҶˣ
ʦÿһ֮Цöĺ

£
纣һ£ת˵øɸɾ
޵Ĳʣ޵ʹࡣ
ˣȻʵеıƲ
ɱ򳣿ܵˡ
𶫳֮ͤˡ
ѩˣ
纣ıĵһǶűɳ¡˶ɳ¡˶纣ҺҶ֧ŲסҪһʱؾˣ纣ҲԳ֣ҲˡʦǰҲ˵֮е纣
ڶʦû֣ҺҶѾˣҲѾˣ纣ܿͻӿ۹ڣǸʱ赲纣κ
Ϻ͹ǼЦˣȫ纣ѻࡣ
ҺҶ켸ǧǱڱأ纣ͨɱ۹ڡ
ʵ纣ǿԲͨؽ۹ˣӰɫͿƹ¡˾
纣ǲ߰ɫģҪ¡˾̣¡˾ؾӣεжд̡
ңɫȻǴ۹ݸѾȫˡӹԱۣפϵˣ纣ǸԼԼ

߾Ȯڡ
Ȯʦһεˣֻһ˿Եõҵľ񴫳У˭Ը
ű濤һۡ
ȻôըѣȻƨȻ㳤ôȻҡ
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濤ӲܷˣʱҪűأ쵰ҵϷղŻûͲƨɡ
ΪǾԵѣһʦʦܣ治֣Ѷűף趼ϲǱġ
Ҳű
Ҳ濤
֮䣬ʱ˻ҩζ
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⻰һ濤Ͷű侪ˡ
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Цˣ
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濤һ㵣Ҳֱӽսذȫڵϡ
ȷʵűҪըҪ̶Ƕɱű䣿
Цˣ
ʦܣϹδľѣǵһѡ
СƺȻֽթåǸúӣһܺúܺõĺӡ
ű϶ѩ濤꣬жű䶼Сƺ
Ը⶯֣ԸɱԷȮʦʵ
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濤Ȼ
ȮʦЦǾԶ棬ɡǵһҪһһܵõҵľ񴫳У뿪Ǿһ˷Ҳˣһ
⻰һ湫ɫһ䡣
ȻսذףֱӳȥҪ뿪׷ȮʦĴС
Ȼ֣ɽʧˡ
ɽǷյģûгˡ
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Ѱһһ飬һһ顣
ûκγڡ
ű֪汻Ȯʦľ֮ڡ
ȮʦľΪʵ̫̫ˣͷţű濤ԶҲȥˡ
޷ȮʦΪҪ
űڵأ۾þԼ˯ţξ֮УѰ֮

ξ֮Уʼδ֮½Ԥݡ
еĻ治֪Ѿȥ˶á
ű濤Ѿ˼ޣ촽ȫѣҪˮˡ
ֻҪɱԷͿԵõҵľ񴫳УͿԻųȥˡ
ֻҪɱ˶ԷͿԵõҵľ񴫳УͿԻųȥˡ
ԱȮʦͬϴһ㣬һһظš
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濤Ȼʦ㣬ʦܣұҪ㡣ˣܻųȥˡ
˵գ濤ս͵Լһ
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160 濤֮õʦ
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161 գɾ
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162 մãɵٸԭְ
ⳡУʹ˲Ǳ˺ɱ򳡣
Ϊ˵۹ΪӣΪ˻ʵۣʵʣ㱻ʵּҲԹ޻ڡ
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ȷȷĸ̫˾ã¡˾ҺҶʹ˷ѻţҰ˰ӼʹҲ·ˡǰģ֪˶ٸӺѻñڽյĺϢ

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163 ҹѲɱɱɱ
²ʡ纣̧븮еʱ˸о·һ㡣
ÿƴоʱоİٶڸϵӳǣҪͳڵ绢лɳ¡˶һٻС
Ȼȵϵսʱ򣬷ڼʱ֮ǰɳ¡˶ĴѾˣѾŸİʯɱȥˡ
ʱ֮󣬴˰ʯسǱơ
еĽӣеŮ˱ߣɳ¡˶Ĵڰʯдɱ䡣
ʱ纣Ҫˣ˶Ҫը
ǣ˴ƣʲôֱӳŰʯ׷ɱȥҪɳ¡˶
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ͬһĻϵݣɳ¡˶ϵӣȴһطͣĴÿȴԶ롣
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ƺʥħŮʱȴУ뿪֮û֪ȥ
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ݵľ֮ܿ侲׼Ծȣ
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ңĹٺ佫ŵѧԺǻʵ޷ģΪٵ۹֮ڣȴȨС
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Ϊ˲ѣǧð֮踣ֱȥɵıԺҡ
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ѲӣѲ˴һװūɱøɸɾ
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κεߣɱۣ


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˻ʵԻݴʹ̷عĹ佫̰һմˡһּ̫
ǻʵĸ̫Ʒ壬õʵ۵ּӱޣÿʮһ߲ݣʮʮʱ˾Ű·̵̣ʱӾǸϵɽ򳴫ּ
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ޱߵŭЩƽģȺ˷׷׳ɵլ֮ۡУ嵽Ѳ֮С
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ץĻһô죿
ͤȻһȺΧѲţѲΣڵϦҶα͢󳼡
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ʱ˾ѾһƬңӵȻƽҲмء
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갲οԼűʫʸ踳ǳǿѧ츳Ҳǳǿ
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ˣҸݶŸ˵Ӧ÷ǳƽӹȻԼԼ壬߰ʱǺ
Щĩԣű֡
ԣѧȻЩϵĹâӦûƻ֡

ڶ켴еԣ100
˵ѧԺȽ϶еĿԿĿˣΪ˵кܴһֶǹϵΪʵ˰߹ϵóס
˾˰أв˾ֵ֯ȵȻҪںͽ򽻵Ҫѧʵȵȡ
ԶĹٺ佫ŶҪ˵ҵжΪһƣһٷ֡
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ԵĹƽ־ԵĲпᡣ
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ԣӦô£ȻܺҲûеġ
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ĹкоλģΪ۹ҪôϮģҪôǾ
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ԾˬˣѧЩ½׵⽹ۣȴӲͷƤҪԵķ
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Щһһͣʵʹ졣
񣬴Ѿˡ
ߵķ93֣ڶֻ73ֻ֣65֡
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̫ʱ俴˶ű⣬ȻһθоϢ
һΣλҪˣ
̫ɳƣѵʮ⣬ȫˣ



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Ҫɱһ첻ͨ࣬Ǵԡ
񾭶أ֮ھͿ˲ɱһ˵ĴԺ;
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˵ѧԺıҵ󿼻϶ѧԺھУΨΪ̫ԳѧԺķΧÿһط˵ʿѲ߼ء
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177 űջ񣡴ʷ
Ѷű䱧ضʹѾȥʱ
ʱڣѾеʦеĴˣ벻ģҲֱӰ
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ˣֻܹôࡣӰֻҪ֪ʹǳΰ֪øûкôԺһ˵겻Ҫʱ㲻ҪŭΪζѾƫһ㣬ķǡǡ
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仰ǾԴڵġ
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180 ɲܶ
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ʱ֣˵ѧԺҵ󿼵ڶƣѧۿʽʼűѡԿǡѧۡ
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ͤ۾ͨ죬üʹָ򳣬ӣӣһûʲôʱֵȥˣƾʲôȥ


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ӣ㻹𣿡ͤʵ


185 ű٣δ޷
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һʱ˶ܳһʱڰΪϹ˽˹ʣһǱİȫǰǨˡ
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ǨԵǨԹǳ޴󣬴۹ɳΪȺ˵졣
ͰϹҲǻѣʱϹ̫ӣڴ۹Ƕ飬͵ʵͬѧһѧϰ䣬ǻʵ۵İ鵱
Ȼһ̫ӣΪ˷ǳ˼Сڴ۹ǵʱͷǳϲʵ۵ô˵أףȴסһүǣֵسֵܣʱֲ֪أ֪ٴΰڵᡣÿһΰϲʤ
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к˵ôϲôһӡͷǸ뺷ĺѣΪʲôϲŮӣƯԺСƯСĿͲҪô죿ǸֵܻؼҺ˰ҹľӣôСô
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常ؾʱ򣬿һ⺢𣿡
ͤʵѾǺˡҸյ֣˵㲻ڣͳŹȥˡ·һסҵȥ·ЬҲûдͼһɽͼһƬĵͼƾʲôֱܹҵܹճ֮ǰ
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ͤ̾ϢԪǸҴСģķǳǳɫðѣֲ㣬͸űᣬӹƽðɣ
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ڵϣֱӿ常ӰʧȻڵߵһͷֱӲ£ּǰ

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ˣһʦΪµĹѲΪֿ͢˾ǰߵġ

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ͶűĹϵĳ̶ֳǺ׽ģһͤͷû츳Ծûǿġ
ڱҵ󿼵ĳɼ֪ˣǳǳɫ𾪡
ǣԪѾǧˣҶһһĹ͡ⳡѾˡһϹٳѧԺȫһˡЩʱģʫʣ书ûôˣ־Ȩı˸񡣡ͤڹٳϣҪӭͷֱ׷ҪԪµ̫ˣԺǸλõʸûˡ
ǡű
ҵ˵һ䵽ͤλãһݸ٣һǰɫ԰ٻѡһ
԰ٻűһ㵣Ȼֱӷٻ٣
ձҵͷôĹ٣
԰ٻʲôƷأ
Ʒ
ְĴƷûĹƷĺ󣬵Ҳǳˡ
ոձҵͷƷ٣ôˣ
˵ѧԺҵĿԵҲǵһ

ͬʱ
һһĴ£Ŀĵؾǹݸ
ϵˣιʡ˾ŽһݣǾǶű丸׵׵ܵܣŸһ
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߶űһУδ޵ӣס
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紵ȹӣʹĸԵǻƮƮɡ
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ߵ׵󣬵ʲôأ
׻Ŀ¶ͰĽ쵽ˡ
ǰ쵽ˣҪǸˡ
׵ǿҪűǸˡ



186 űǶż
ɫʵǱ˶طĳƺڴ۹֮͢Ϊݸ˴ΪܿգɫΪԴ峯Ӻ䡣
ڽʮǰɫ˾Ī˾˴ҲΪܿգʷһĪ˾óǣ
ʮǰĪǿʢʱӵɫɽأӵ
ıĪϣʮ˾ʮųʮʱ˰ݣϣʡ
֮ΪϵĳϹͰ¡˾Ǳ̫ܴˡⳡұѹȥĪ˾ҷһСرռݣر͢ռ죬Ϊݡ
ԣȫǲĪϵʬġ
˵ģʱ纣Ϲȱȹ˰ɫĪ˾ĽͳϹȱĪϵĽ纣ʣȫ˽ˡ
˵ĪϵϳԱ
ֱ͢ͳݣɫѾˣȻڴ۹ʵһΪӵĵط
ѪϴʡΨûаɫΪطıȥ
ιʹҲΨɫ⡣
طķ˷ǳ޴Ѫʼûûڰɫ㡣
ݸϾϹڣǧݶǧȥԺܰݡͤݸҪش˽óסȻ⿴ȥв˾񣬵ǲ뺣ó˽ЩǹǶܵġ
ѡݸٺֹǰݣֱ۾١ǧݸĵͷߣϹտѪѪ԰פҲݸϱԺҲˣ˵űһȥǰ
ȥݸȫɣͬҺԺӾһ㡣
Ǳߣһǽаɫɡֻܸͤ㣬⼸ʱɳĸҪڰɫȫʧˣǧˣһǧˡΪֹûǸطɹ򿪾棬ȥǸӵĵطɣȥġ
ݸڶű˵Ӿأޱȣڿ˶˵ݱ
ɫԶű˵ȫǲӿΣպˣ˵û̺Ҫһ˴£ԲСľͻ󺣣ѹȥֱӾͷΪ԰ٻ
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ѡΪɫ԰ٻű
ãȻĶӣݵԪͤԪΪǧһǧ֪𣿡
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ʱűѣǸطǶԿ²ǰߣǱȰɫΣյĵط
˵²ǵ۹ĸ󻼣Щ۹ͽ²Ĵսʮս䣬ݵĹѾǧˡ
˵ڶӰˣǶűԪǵ˶ŵΣյĵطȥɳ
ͤȥ˰ɫ֪Ҫʲô𣿡
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ԡͤͼǰδʱ䣬һٴı㸸ܹϣĴ۰ѹѪϴһ飬ǴǰδеĴþ棬һ롣ɫΪϵĽ㣬ΪǷǰءȥҪΪϵһ̣̲ȥҲ²
㶨һĿꡣ֮ͤڰɫһ֧ǧ˵֧ҪԼڱңǲṩ㣬Ϊἤɫ淴
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ԣ㲻ҪԼڶٻݡͤɫĹٳȫˣǸطҲǹٸ˵㣬ͰԼǵ۹ڰɫ
Զ壬ɹڰɫΪͷ֮һǧ˵װ֮ͤڣʲôʱĿֱ꣬Ӹǧ
仰ű䳹׾ˡ
λǰ󶼶ǲһ˲ţűҲŶʮ갡
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Ҫ㣬ǰ㵱һ֧⵶ҲҪĵط֧ͤ⵶õúˣڲϷѪõòõпܻ۶ϣǻ֮Σģ֮ǰҪá
űˣǰպʦʱҾѾ˱ҵ֮ȥɫǧ
ͤΪ̳²ĵӣһȥһָ书һ߱İȫֱϾˣ򲻿վǵ۹Ĺ屦Ҵĸ书ڰɫùãҪһƬأҪȨıǻۡ
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ͤбҪǮҲҪǮڰɫӵҪҲ֪常һֱһβ鳭Ϸһʺƣһֽ£һֽϹ൱һָ˹£ϾҪ޵нһ֧˴ʣʮҪ߶٣
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űڼǰ;ȥɫԺúоһ
⼸꣬常ĸȥɫǧ
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ɫǳֱ͢ݸǱ͸ǧٿס
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űֻҪǳɹǱߴһƬأͿһɹ

űҪߵĵڶ˵ȻģһֱǶűڣȥɫɲκְֻűİȫ
űҪߵĵĸǳƽΰٻ飬ȫ渺űֹ
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ǣűݶǧͤΪƽĸһ·ӣֱӸʮĶء
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ʱҪըˡ
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ű䳯ȥ̶Ŀ⣬СǺҪѪһ㡣
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ԸĻͲøȥڼ鸸ĸű価ŻСһ㵨СŮ
Ըġ˫˫߻нãҿ̺ӵġ
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ʮŮǴĳʱһֱ£˳ƽ֮⣬ɫҲǲǸүһӼűɫ꣬һжⴿŮľϵ˶űϡ
İ
ĸȥ̺ű䣬ϲ˵ǷǳȸԾġ
ֻҪӲūūңԸ̷ӡе˵仰
˵ūū֣ű˲Ҳĸ׽̵ġ
ҪˣҪˣɵСӣǺ̲סɴǵġ
ɫ̫ΣգǲôһŮȥģԴָ顣

űųƽͳ˫˫عָ˳ɽأÿȥׯ԰Ƽ˳һ
ׯ԰棬ȴִſڼʿȻԲҵļҶ
Ҽڣ˵ȣȥפλʿǰű䡣
ǶŸˣϳЩʿ
űüëһԩ·խ
żҵˣǸϵ˭ˣΪλׯ԰ڣЩŹְ
ǼŸʿű˻ߣʱӰγһ룬˵أ̹ǾͶˣ



187 żңնŹ
ڹɱ䣬ϴʡ߹١
һȴû֮£ǾǹʹΪѾǰˣλþͿ
ûʡϽƺͳΪʹ˾
۹ԭָ֮ΪʡϽ
̫ˣ˴۹ָֻ˲˾ʱһʡ߳ǲʹǰʹָʹѲҲǳפط٣ǳ͢ƼලطԱľԱ
ԽԽңѲͱ˳פط٣ָʡƺѲʽΪ⽮һʡ߾٣ʹ˶֡
Ʒ˵ѲͨƷӶ࣬˾ǴӶƷĳ̶ֳϣְƽġ
ĳЩʡЩǿƵĲʹܹܿѲЩɽӲ᲼ʹѲ
ŽʾֿɽӲͷ߹١
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ŽҲʮ꣬ѾǴӶƷˡ
δżҪֵطಢľˣŽڵطִܶƾȨŻڸִ࣬Ǹʱ򣬶ϾͳɹΪ۹ĶȨˡ
˴µΣȴûѡݸ½ڹݸȥܶݼܶ͢ϾǷڵ۹Ϸ䣬żҲڷĹټ֮С
ŽǺϲ͢˰ʱ뿪ݸ½·ǰ
һݸɽأܵɽǰδедΪسǾִί˶ŽļҾ죬ׯ԰ݣճׯ԰רŽӴλʹһС
ԣжűǰһĻŸʿׯ԰Ĵ֮⣬ûʲôıۡ

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ʹλþȻżҵ˶ˣԩ·խ
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ңʮ˺׳ȶƼǰȭͷôʱҪ˯
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û뵽ȥǶԷԷˣǾͲҪĺˡ

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ƼҲʱˣû뵽ȻħʱڶżңƼµľ쵰Ϊ۸űûûصġ
ããūȥҵķ̺ң뿪ҵʱҰϣЩһ㣬ڹȻ׳ˣָп϶ЦֱһǣƼһֳǰץȥ
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188 ̤ŷˣ
ȿԼĶ֣ȻٷޱȵĲҺ

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˴Ŷűׯ԰õԺӣŽķˣĸ׾ס档
ֹûеſڣһ͸ֹҼھס棬ܹ߶ˣ˿
űֱӴ˽ȥǸ͸ֱһȴ
ꡭǰֱӽŤϣʱһвҺ
ʲôΨܹúϢԴҪըˣ洫һŮӵ߳Ӻݡ
λŷˣҲǶűǳ͢ѫ֮һλŮˣСţ˶Ÿ֮ά
ʵҵĺѾûˣҫݾǶŽˡ
ֻϲڼӶѣ֮ǰڶŸʱ򣬾Ͷ˰ģԶű䵱Ȼûз
ŷ𣿡űס뿪ɣ˲ӭ㡣
⻰һ˶ʱһ¡
⻰һ洫һƬ
ţһӺݷĸ˳Եķ̴档
ǶŽķˣĽϡ
˶ű䣬ɫʱһ䣬û뵽Ȼ
˲֪ű飬վ֪ģҲǺܷϾűĿɽҲһƷʹѾˡ
ű䣬֪ʲô𣿡ŷ
űסڱ˼ң˼ҸϳȥҲͰˣǸ競ӣȻҪ˼ҵٷˣǸٷ˻ҵĽ㣬Ƽ
ŷƼ֣ʱһǸСˣ֪ǽסҲ䡣
űĶǷ̣ܽץҽֻҶˡҾһٸ⣬ˣлҵĹ֮ܽ
⻰һķ˽ɫһ䡣
űһ֣˳һ׵ͷһ㣬ֻնˡ
ʱķ˽Ϸһ󾪺ȫԼ۾
űǸȻ⡭ǲʹĶӣǶϵĵӣûгϢǸӵܣܵλԶԶȲ϶ףҲǶϵĵү
ű侹ն֣ƾʲô
ңķ˽ָŶű侪
űׯ԰ӭ㣬̹ȥɣǧҪҶͲÿˡ
ķĿ˺⣬˻ű䣬ˣү󣬾Ͱɱˣ
ƲԳԷƣű֣
ĺͼʿǰ¥֮ڣڶŷ˵жȫӳдȫڵ顣
ͼʿǰŷˣԼ뿪ǽӳȥ
ܴ裬ܴ衣
ķ˻ûܹĳ裬Ư׶ʱˣҧгݵű䣬ˣˡ
ߣķ˴ʮ͸ŭ뿪ϵׯ԰̧ѾʵĶնϵ֡
֮ǰķ˽ׯ԰ҧгݺű䣬ҵţ첻ɱ㣬ҲսԺӼ̤ΪƽأѶƼСɱˣĲΪˡ
Ȼ󣬶ŷһˣسǶȥ
ű䣬͵ׯ԰棬βʹŽĵ
ˣҪҪȥǧʵ
űһӦòϣȥɡ
ǣóӣŸ봫ݶǧ̴춫ʿǰ

һŮӣĿУĵλǲѩġ
ļǧ壬ֻٶϻ壬ӹ
οʱķĳ֮ףžȨ
Ȼ޸˶ףУǶ׸˷ϡ
Žȥμݸľ磬ȥҲöȥ
ŽļҾסڵعٸŵׯ԰УҲȥġݾׯ԰ֻסԼļҲҪס
֮ͬ£Ͷ׶ʼյ·ûкͶŽһ𡣶ҴҲʽġ
Ͷ˾Űٶˣ
ûпŰٶˣⷽϵʿ٣Ʒ߸֣мʮˡ
ʣʦү飬Ļţ͸Ѿߵȵȡ˵򣬳ʦ԰Ҳˡ
ѩжûоŰٸӡ
ͷʹŽҪöˣڶŽҲûжأϾҲֻǷȨеһԱѣʹְϼġ
ܱ治ֳڷУŽҲֻҵһҳѡ
ҲǶܶ͢м־غ׽ΪǻĹøǷϵİӡ
Ϊλ޸żң
żԭֻһĺŶѣǸʲǧŷϵġ
귽ʱ򣬴һӡǸϽռʦѯʣΪΣ
۹ռʦ󾪣ô󲻿ԣʶŮΪȴ֣·ʱʧأ
׸ϽʣǸô챣ס߹
ǸռʦһµԲ֮ڣһӤȨ֮ңŮӤСʱֻҪɱס߹񡣡
ϸϽȥ̽ʱ󣬶żҵĵӶܵǡɣӶҲͬһʱ䵮ˡ
ϵȻֻϵӣǡɶϼϣҼŻֶθǰ;Զ󡣾ܶżһʲϣѶż뷽ȨţҲһ
ܶǸռʦĻŽɣԭɺ֮£СͶܣű䣩ˡ
Ȼû뵽ű侹ȻǸˡܲ裬Ŷżö˼
ǡɶҲʱģӣǳɫʮͿ˾ˡ
ǣڶűһо͸˶ף
ȥ꣬ʮĶָлԣԣΪһĽʿǶ׵ڶҲ˲ˡ
ںԺƽһ룬ַΣƷ
ʮ꣬ѾƷɼţƣ
ƷۺɱȶűƷٻߵöˡ
ӹϣűٻܼٸˣֱӹʮˣΪġ
֮ǰϺͷϸ˰һ֮Ļ񣬳漸̫ӳɻ黹Ҫ󣬱Ͼʵۼӹˡ
죬۹󲿷ֵ߹٣͢ѫȫ
ʵմ˰úϵң̫Լ١
ⳡ񣬿νҫ֮Ͷ׶ΪڵĽ㣬ΪŮʼɵĶ
ڶףǱȽġ
Ӣ˵ؼȫţҶһһˡ
ǣеãʱ䲻
Ҫһɱ䣬øӳɫǿ
Զ֮ҹǷַ˯ģˡ
ݸׯ԰֮ڡ
ؿ飬˿ϵ£鱾
żɫӵɫЩ죬Щ
Ϊׯ԰Ĺܼң»ӷŵһ䡣
˫ݸ߹ӣǰĽ֮ģɻ֮һղųΪķޣɾˮ֮ãָоźһɡ
ôӣϵļÿһ綼ѩһÿһġ
ܹȢǼĸµ˶ڶʼ
ߵ֮ڣҹɫˣ˯ˡ
ȻȻֳ»С§˹ȥ

ͬʱ
űׯ԰洫һҵ
ı壬ʡʹ˶Žˡ
ţ洫
ű棿һ𣡡


189 磡սսɱɱ
س»ӷС§ȥ
һЦ˿ȥ
εѾ˰ܲѷɡ
ָỮ׵գĵҪ˵ʡ
˫ĵ΢ЦĿȴǳ֪Ů澭һˣȾͻܶģð
ڤɼӵ࣬书ؼ
ŮӶԣŮ澭߼ĹؼˣֻзݵŮӲſûʸġ
ܷܷҲûŮ澭ҲΪݲߵǽ·ߡŮ澭ؼ
һڹؼ׹ڹԵ°빦
ԷȻ겻ʮ꣬ΪѾﵽһܸߵˮ׼жһܣǿ϶Ҫܶܶࡣ
ΣڤϵԶԶ˵ѧԺġ
书ؼһƷƷͨ˵һƷѾߵˣȻһЩؼǲڵģ֮ΪƷ书ؼ
סŮ澭ھƷؼɼһ㡣
ô˵ʦġǼƷأ
Ӧ޷ƷΪĳ̶ֳؼѧۡļֵޱ֮ģͤ˵ǵ۹Ĺ屦ָһ㡣
ε⡶Ů澭ڹķһӶģѵҪعһ𣿡
ͻƵ߲֮󣬾ͳȫðɣܿ͵ˣＱＱģҲ֪ߡ
׵ðɣ˵˰ٸˡ
Ų𣿡˼Ϊ뿪˾ǣƧΪ㸰ܹ֮㣬˾Űˡ˼Ϊ㸶ô࣬ûĵģҡ
Ÿ߹һ׵ĶҪˣϽġ
ţ׵·ֵʱҪȥǸ𣿡
ָͰ˵ڻһãûʸȥר鷳ǴҲ䡣һǰȮͣ㵱ȻרȥҰ𣿡
Ц˵öԣ˵úá

ׯ԰
ű䣬һ洫
ű߳š
ʱׯ԰ƻͨм֧ѡ
ʮŸʿϰۣݸפϰݸ˾ʿһǧׯ԰Χˮйͨ
ˣҲѺŹڵϣʱľ
Ϊ׵ľȻǲʹŽ֪ݲνݵ߹Աˣݸ˾ǧ
ɱ䣬֪ûбΪϵĹϸΪǷȨƼŵĹԱϼμġ
ǰѲɣкͷҲкƵͶ·֮ȥݼܶ͢ҪͶϣѾˣֱӱ͢ת򳡣
ʱű亰ģ֪۰ԱվųĶķˣɱŶű䡣
ϵȨѬ죬¹ƫԶʡݣҲϵ
ܶ͢ǷϵģһʹŽ֮⻹֪֪ͬʮȫڷϵ
⻹ֻǹһʡ
ϣϵĹԱա
ɼ۹ϵĹټţǺε֮ǿ
ѹѪϴһ룬ϵĹԱȫɱˡ˵һϵ޴󣬵ܷϵõĺôܸ󣬱ϾճôĹְλ˵ɲֻܱ˷ϵĹټš
ϵ֮ǰڹʱ˾Ǿˮˮ״̬˵ҪĿģǳ׷ϣϵʱ֡
Ȼû˵ڣǴӸܶ͢ѡͿԿ
ɱܶɱɡʱʿѾǧפΧˣֻҪһ߲˵ģȴ򳣬ڹɱ䡣
ͼѾǳˣ˵ְ֮ڹĹԱȫɱ⣬ϵ
ͤҲ˵ڷϵսĿϣ˵ԺͷϵĹټŽ޵ĺ
ϵڵ۹˵ǸĶٺԬΪ׵佫֮󣬼ܿ˻ʵۣҪѻʵ۵ɿܡڲûҪ췴Ʒ۹
ǻԭ򣬶űŶԶŽȡԶ̬֮ȡû뵽ӵܾȻͼƼʹöű䷢쭣Ҳûɱ˶
ΪҪʼӴֿˡ

ɱׯ԰Ϊƽأķ˽ϼǧˣȫƵǱǿ׳ˣ㹻ѹű顣
Ȼ֪ݲνû֡
֪۰԰ٻűڣ˵
űߵſڣʹŽأ
ķ˺ûʸҵķɡ
֪۰Ŵ˺ˣѾϢˣǾûдҲҪʹˣ֮ͿԽ𣿡
仰űˣŽǹⲻ¶ġ
һűļ̫ˣʸöŽ档ŽҲԸ˵
֪Ҫ󣬵һűٻ˺ӵ֡ڶһð˲ʹˣ޿ˡӷǷ˽Ҫׯ԰в鳭Ҫһ˵ȫ
⻰һӣ˲ʧȥѪɫ
û뵽㾡нӴʹ˵ļҾ죬⵽֮֡
ǿЦ˽֪ǵһ֪
֪űٻֻǡɾׯ԰һк޹ء˺һ£ҲǶĳЩ˱˽ΪͶűٻȫ޹ء
űȫˡ
ԷǱ܇˧ֻҪȫ壬ģôն϶֣ʹھôȥˡ
ĳ̶ֳϣŽѾǴˣϾӶǶűնϵģǶԷȴװ֪ǲԸ˵
ŵû겻ᣬֱӹڵ˶űǰƴؿͷϣҪҡ
ΪʱűֻҪһ仰˶֮أҵļҲҲᱻײ鳭ׯ԰ᱻΪƽء
ǹٸмʮļҵ˵ȫǴɱķ
űҲͬⶪ܇˧أ
֪ɫһֻԼȥңԼȥץˡ
˼ǳűһܾǧ˾ֱӳׯ԰ңץ߶Ƽˣĵˡ
űӦˣǻܱһ˿棬ܾˣǾֱӶ
ȻɲԶűôǶűǱڵϼ̤ˣƼģҾȫסˡ
űһһǵҶׯ԰ǾΪϵ˵ȫ濪սǿԿ
֪ɫһ䣬Ȼ˵˼仰
첽ߵűǰʿºԷߣǶƼһҪҲһҪ鳭һҲһҪòʹδ棿
űҴӦǣδ棿
ȻűٻƷȫû˫ȫһġ
佫ǺţٲƷҲй٣űƷ٣ҲͱȺ˸߹һЩȵýʿ
Ψһɵֻжűӵݣ򳶼군ˣű仹ʲô̳֣
ԣͶű̸еģݲԵȣ֪˵òӡ
ʱűĻЦһ԰ٻһڸ߹ǰ̸棬ǲЩЦֲ常ǧˣˣ۵ѣþգҪȡ裡
žűһݺȹȥ
Ĺ٣ûʲô书ʱֱӱűȷ˳ȥ
ȥת۰Ѿǳˣ׵Ǹˡű亮ҪʲôܹеĻ㣡
Ŷű䣬ԷȻĿ֮ȴƷı֪ˣݲνǧ
㣬Ѱ·Ȼޱȷŭػص֮С
űĻӦ֪۰Ȼŭű䣬㾴ƲԳԷƣˣׯ԰̤Ϊƽأץ˺Źӵ֣κ˵ȵɱۣ
ǣǧγҪ
űȵ˭ң֪ݲνֻҪǵıԽһҾΪϵڹ˵ȫ濪ս
֪ЦʹѾȥְˡ˵սԣһٻܹģ
˵ȻԾԶݶǧͤ
Ƭ̺һٶණɿֹڶűǰжӡ
ͤűҹ˵κλݶľ־ҪץˣǶҶսʱ㣡
ε
׼ս
ͤһ£һٶʿγսɱ졣
ӣ֪ݲνΪˣͶսΣǵ
ڴʱһֽǲʹŽּ
ԶŽŽ棬˵ҷϵδ棿
Ž⻰ٶûˣʱѾҪΪӱ飬ǹϵϵ档
ôˣΪϵϵϺڣ
׼ݲνָ߸߾
ǧ乭ֻҪһ£ͼ¡
ʿֻһٶֻжԷʮ֮һһս϶ҪԿģ˲ء
˭Ҳû뵽Ϊһ竹ӵԲоٶȻùűװ嶯ҿֱӿս
Ҫ֪˫ڴкռġпɼŽ֮ǿӲԲԸⱻթսҲҪ˶طϵ档
ݲνȵҵ˿Ǹɱۣ
ǧʿ׼˶һٶʿ
壬ģ
ͤű䣬һսҪԿģݸ̫ˣǧѾˡ
һսһٶȫͤҲֻлˡ
ȻʱűǾԲġ
ʹ˵Э
ű۾ͷžӦаԼ㣬Ӧÿ쵽ˡ
Ȼ۾һ
ˣȻϵˡ
ݲνһ
ݲνԼֲǡ
Ȼ͵£Ҫ
ಡڰУһֱ֧ӽݲνֱ䴩
˭Ҷ֣˭Ҷ֣
һӣűֹܹ̫սӺڰзɱ
֪ݲν֮ŭһ̫࣬Ҳ£ǲ֪ߵغ
꣬𣿡ݲν
ݲνһǱģ˵𣿡һϵ
һۣͷڵӣŰӺڰзɳ۶˵ҰС
ǳ͢ڹķʦ֣ʵ۵õܡ
ߺ¼ݵĳ佫ӭ
ʱɫ䣡
֪ݲν˾ǧǧͤٻű䣬ʿԼڳʿȫµϥء
ݼ£ǧ꣬ǧ꣬ǧǧ꣡
ͬʱļֹ



190 ű䣬Ըضż
ĳ֣֪ݲνǼȵ𾪡
λ͢ƽǵ͵˼㣬ÿ춼֮ڣżȥɽԣݳǼȥ
ĳЩڻһĳϣشѷһ㶼ѼλӰԾö֮ҼλµĴˣȫһ㣬˾͹һ£ƽ͵ڡ
û뵽ϾȻ֣һΪ˶űһС˵ͷ
ݵ棬ǹķأһλ³ˣǾӵоԵ
ϣ֪ݲνǰݸʲô㶯ǧĪݳʲôıɣ
֪ߵ׵ү¹еðԱ˺͢ٵļǰӪȣҽͽ֮Է
žеıӺݺݳȥ
ֱӽ֪Ƥ˵ٻ֮ǰԼǲɵӣ
֪Ҫ˵ıֺݺݳȥ
ȻǾҲԴ㳯͢۾˵Ϲ۾Ҳǻá
žžžžıӲϵسֱӽ֪Ѫģ
֪֪֪ƴͷǺˣ֮ǰλүû뵽һŭȻ˾˰ٲĻᱻð
ݲνǰפйѲܶ
ݲνĩˣ͢ٵļҾܺԡ
ˣףʮ
ʱʿǰһѽݲνڵϣȥ׺¶ļȻִľݺݳȥ
žžžž
̫˿û飬Ƭ̺ͽλݲνѪɡ
ʮλݲνֱӾͱ˹ȥ
򣡡
žžž
ȫֻžľ˲
˾ǧǰüûʲô
Ϊ͢پ£˾ȷʵȨץͽ˵ġ
˾ʱǰϺ͢ɷ
ǰи߹ٹˣļҾ첻סվ𣿿ջסΪηҪռլ˭Ȩ
ƴͷ֪֪
ûңȨ㣬ҲȨٷһ²ģŰɡ
ʱɽӲڵء
ְ֮͢϶ʱסˡ
󣬹Žӽǰס˱˼ռȵ˵Ҫ˸ϳȥĶӻҪȥ˼Ů죬ʲôżҵļҹ𣿡
ķ˽Ϲ£ߵ׵֪
Ȼǿ̧ͷүҪƫ̻űǸС˵ǿסլ˸ϳȥôˡǶű俳Ҷӵֱָۣô˵ʲôȨҶӷϵĶϱҲӦɽùܣֲܡүִҲ˳ѶűС˵˰ɣ˼˵͢˽
ţķ˺ճ͢ɷߣն֣ӡŵ߹ظ߾Ϊū
ʱŭˣ㻹ɷ㻹ҽɷűǶƼʲôˣĵܵܣ㱻˷Ҫ˵նֱۣɱҲֻΪʧɱ˶ѡ̸̸ӷҸŮδɣ
ˣȥ˷ץŭ
ʿȥĶѾˣ׵Ҳʱ߻ţʱʿʱŵôСС
ɽأһ£ݴɷҸŮδ죬õ
ɽͷү΢岻ʣܶϰ
⻰һɫ͵زȻ֪ݸΪݸҲζϰ˵˵ҸŮδ죬õ
֪Ѫܹڵϵү΢岻ʣܶϰ
ʱű䣬꣬ͤǹû
˼Ĺٶλ̬͢ȣű̬ȹûа㵱һ¡
͢ɷûһӣôͷ
аҲС
ķ˽ϵүҲˣ򡣡
ʱû
űǰŶķ˽Ưһȹȥ
ž
ķ˽һҴңҶˣ˵Ź͢ץ
űһסĲӣҿŮˣ̶Ƭ̾ͳ˼ʮ⡣
ֱӽ״úףݴϡ
۹ɷ͢˵ӦõͷĿԲƽӣΪ󲻾ʮűݺݴһ⣬ʮˣٸð£Ҿٳʮ⣬ϣ㵽ʱ򲻻ᱻһ
žžžžͬʱݲνľ
ʮλݲνѾ٣ˡ
ү̫ѯʡ

ҪݲνоݣһطνҲǷǳصġ
ǣҲ޿ˡ
Ҫôһ֣һҪӡ¸ٴĺ
ۡ
ɼ
ʮλݲνѾˣ߹ȫ飬Ҳ飬ˡ
ʵݸɽأҸŮδ참ǵвУУձſȥãȥûԩ
ɽɵү΢岻ʣȨ塣
֪䵭ү΢ˣҪ˰£ܶϰ
ʱ䣬ĹپȻ˿޷
ű䳯ϵͤ壬ҲҪٵ֤ռȫˣɱͷš
һʡѲǿԶɱͷһ֪ҪɱͷǿԵġ
űС
ͤӴģҶȨӰٹһٲˮʯŹһˣҲԩһù١
ɽ֪ɹһзЦǻȵ飿ϻȥǣܸһأ껻ط١
ͤˣھȥ飬һλԱ̰ΪϱѲ
ǣʱһӶݸɽضȥ
˾ǧү¹ٻɽغݸ̰оյ۹ɷⰸӦý˾СӰٹ٣ǵȨ޴ڶ
λ˾ǧȻҪɽ֪ҪûȨ
ֱߵ׵¹ʹ˸ˡ
Ȼֱȥ
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Ȼ󣬶űֱˣȥס˾ǧ뿪˳͢Σְ̰ǵٷΥֱɱ
˾ǰǽǴ۹̫ʵһǹʵۣҡڶǼලٹ١
Ĺ佫ıȨΪ˾
ڸ˾ĿȨǾͱԼලԼˡ佫ĿȨҲԼලԼ
ö֮˲˾ĵһҡ
űɻǵãɷѹס˾ǧ
ǣ
Ŷűһ£ǰֱһѽ˾ǧսϳЦǱүİȫҪһЩ鰸飬ȥͿˡ
˵⻰ʱսֻҪ˾ǧһ㷴ֱӾһնɱ
ʱ˾ǧҧгݣȴεعڵϡ
ڶ͹£ⳡУڻȫϷ硣
ʱʹŽ첽˹ڹǰߵ׵¹٣үˡ
ǿЦڲԶ泹·磬ųʰо֡
ţŽȹֱӵѲ˲ڣ¹ΪʹҲȨϰݳ͢ɷҸŮδ죬ʮһꡣΪƼҶŸū֮ŮūҸУз룬׶ʮ壬ꡣ
ˣ׷˶ʮ塣Ž
ӽϴŽˣ
λķһֱǷǳǿƵģڶŽǰʱз̳Ժǳ⡣
žŽݺһ˹ȥֱӽȵڵأȻ죬үǰȸ˿ء
Ȼ󣬶Žһγߵ׵׾үˡ
ŸʲôŽԼӵϽ֣׶ʮ塣
ʱӽڵϣбס
žžžž
һһ޳ţܿʹѪģ
һʼǺֱʹֱӻʹȥ
Ž·ȫ޶ԣүűҶżҵӣΪѾüûмˣܷ˵强
ʹ㡣
űͶŽֳŹ񣬺˳ʮ׺󣬷ֱӣ˶Թڶһ˿

߳˰ף˵ƫƧ֮
ͣ½ŲŽŶűãһܣع𣿡


191 űȢޣ
ܣԸع𣿡Žʵ
֣ű˲úİһżھǶŸʱ֡
ȻɹȻһЦŴˣÿ𣿡
Ž֪Ǻ޶żңǺ㸸ף㱻ţǶżұ⣬Ƿұȵ̫ݡԭǸδ޷Ըеδ޵ƣ㸸ײȲѽš
ţűЦŴ˵Ҳ̫赭д˰ɣǴһĵ϶ģҳ˼ġˡ˵ھҵ񶼾йˡ
Ž̾ϢˣȥȥҪδ˵ǰ;Σ
űûлش
Ž常˲𣬵˲мܹţ̶ܴҲǸܶ͢飬϶֮ͤǣһ·Ĺ켣Ϥ𣿡
ʷݣ֮£֣֣һ㶼ϡű̫洴ǱҼӰٹ٣ȴĹٺ佫ֲֳ˾Ȼֱ˿ȨҼǵð֮ǰһν󶼶Ҳǵʱɵ۵֡Ǳֶθ̨µĽ󶼶ǵڼһ㣬ʮʱͱˡ
ŽȻǴϻ֮ûıᱻ֣Ҳᱻ֣˵ҲᱻǹݣצΪ޺ū澡
Ž˵һĻһʷûзʵλ֮󣬵һǸɵ˵
ʱģȺ˽Գʥ
֮󣬳ɵˣԼΨһҲûˣȻҳɽǸǷǳ΢ģûһܹûʵָʹˡ
Ȼڴʵۻմ壬ɱˡԳʵ۰ѴɱһһиƨáĻʵ۸ңɱ˵ȨûˣƷϹԱǲдģ뱻׼ֻܿа벽֮ңˡ
˵ûжűĴڣδȫǴ¼
Ž˵һնצצֵȥδأ
űЦ
Ž֪㵣ĻصŸû֮ءʮнʿںԺƽһ꣬Ҫȥɫְ֮һӭȢ˷ϵŮδעһɳ졣ԱߵĶעòˡ㸸ǱûĿռ䣬ȴδûС
⻰һű㵣Ǹ˵ܾܵȻҲҪȥɫϵôģżôģҪʲô
ŽӣֻеȲŸɡСҲˣ绵ˣǸһǴ竡ûһɫĶӣ壬Թ̵ҵϥ³ΪҵĶӣһȫ㣬ȢһŵԵӡ˺ûйϵȻǸӻǻģʱʹһɫĺӵϥ£̳𡣡
Ӷűľˣû뵽ŽȻ顣
Žֵ˵ػҪһЩܾڹȥĳޡδҪǰ;Ҫ˵ûǰ;ġŶԣǰ;˵עҪ𡣡
űŶŽŴ˲֪ûһ仰Īǰ̣ġ˵Ѿĩ·ҲΪ߳һͨ
⻰Žһ㵣Ȼ۴һЦ˵ļűصĿҲࡣ
⻰̫ˣ̫֪ˡ
űһͶ࣬ʹ˱ɡŴҪ֪Ϊ˴ѾǳˣĶӾͲǶôˣϣŴ˵˹֮Ѳ̸еʱܹһЩ
ŽĽ˻ʵ۵ּˣȻڲһҪˡ
ţŽǲǾøղŹǳ簡
űֻ÷ǳɱ
ֹǿɱֱǿɳܣó͢Ĺ佫ӣͼˣƵŭɱˡ
Ž֤㻹
Ȼ󣬶Žһ仰ûж˵ֱˡ

Žӣ֪ǧߵøɸɾ
ߵʱҲһ˿Ѿױˣ˺˶Թһֱ湧ҲĴĹټŶԹıܿͻᵽ
ת˵ܲܽҺȱ裿ģԲ˵Ķ͡
ʱڵϿͷлү֮ү٣ԡ

լۡõĻڣֻжű͹ˡ
ʱѾû磬ȡ֮޵ɥͱ
ű乧µлү
е֮Ϊ常ʦ֡
ֵұʲô鶼ܵģΪΪҴĽɽʸʸֻҲݸһеôݸ˵ҵĻûֻҸո뿪أһܰѹˡ
ǿЦ۹ƣ͢δóּ͢⣬뿪ذ벽Ϊıʮǰĳһ͢뿪أץסѹ־硣
ҰҰϹȱʾ£֪жλȥɱֻһǧٻҲ԰˵ҲһƷְǷȫһͷȦ
űүҪдͷϾڼһϹȱڰ޷үͳΪ۹ϵ䣬ʱһӾͻΪֿϴġ
Ҷ֧Űɡ
űү֮ǰС΢ӣ伯ŵ棬һᱨүСġ
һᱨģҹĽöȣҹҹıҶ鷳ȥɣҲں
ţ֪αҵ󿼵ĳɼˣ𾪡ѹ㵱еϣҵǸӣʧҵŮеˣҵ֮ȥﶫҪҪݸ
⻰һԱ۾һӣǶűĵܵܣȻϲűݸ
űȥɫζǧ԰ٻ
⻰һͺ궼ɫһ䡣
ɫ
Ǹ۹ҵĵط̶ֱѨû㣬ȥǧŪ
ǵֿ˾ǰߣͤ㡣㻹ֻһӰǸط̶ѨٳɫҲĥҲĥġ
űʵҸ˵Ƿס˾ۣһ㣬һ֧װͬһ֧ذ״ϵĸ
һɫ㶦˾ռ֣ռ֣Ī˾ʾռһ֪֡͢ν㶼ҪţͱϿˡ
ű͢Ȼ֪ˣΪβ
ȥһһûȥˡ֪Ͳνȥﶼ㣬ҪСġ
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ڴʱһɫŮŲˮ磬Сֻ۾ȥҲʮҡ
ׯ԰ôܻŮ
ҡϲģ͵˵ġŮ
ԭǹ飬ʵ۲콭죬ѹƺǵǸ
ϲģűʦֵİɣˡ
쿤ǰŶű丣˸ʦ֡
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۾Ŷűʦ֣ġ¼ʱСд̫ˣõʫʡʲôƷ𣿡
űһ죬ԭһС˿
űһƷ̸
ðһΪ쿤ֻ
űûв´Ƕűķ˿ѾռĿǰűκʫʣҵϵס޶ɺӡҲ⡣
ιƴҪһűһ棬ǾʹӦŮװΪһСױˡ
ЦˣҲˣȥɣΪʦֻлҪ˵
쿤Ŷű䣬ʦ֣һҪǵŶµƷҪҿԶ֧㣬Զġ
쿤Ļ棬Ҳֿöűһġ
ĿһֱŮıӰ֪ȫʧ
ʱȥɫΣ
űվ뿪ݻعֱ֣ͣȥɫ
ȥ˰ɫסһ飬ϣ纣Ҳһʦֻ֡Ҫͬڰɫֺܹммǡ
ǡűлүָ㡣
̾Ϣϧ͢ڼʦǰûаӣһֱԳ͢ǳų⡣һƷ֣ҲĵӣȻڼʦǰûдڸУϾ԰ɫȽϤ뿪ʱ͸Ρ
лүűһΰ¡
̾ϢҸлǣһһҳΪҴ۹Ľɽ𣬶ȴ
վû˵ȥ
֮أȫϡַڶűļϣ˰

ϣ˯ׯ԰ڵĴϣűþòߡ
ŶŽһѲˣϣ˫ܹڴϵ̸ܹ༸ֹʶ
ŹҲһӢۺܣϧ֮סʩչ׳־
뵽ɰ쿤ͬСһ㣬ϣƽϲ֡
һǳ֣ҵѾüˣξϵͳΪλŽأ
ֵѫֵЩõѾΪ־Ͳ˵ˡ
ؼ书ؼ
֮ǰ˵书ؼһƷߵǾƷؼ
ߣ⹦ѧϰܶ书ؼ
ڹֻһؼ
˵ڹҪģжߣʹΪжߡ
ԣڹؼԵΪҪõڹؼܹ°빦ȱࡣ
򵥵Ļ˵
ƷڹؼΪٶƷؼһ롣
һƷڹؼƷؼһ롣
ţƵĵȻǾƷڹؼһƷڹؼ
ԣŻѩ濤ţѩʮѾǶƷ֡
жűδ޷ġŮ澭ҲǾƷؼŲʮ꣬书Ѿͬ˵ļ
߶һ
ϣӵؼƷؼľǱڤɡ
ҲΪˣڤɳΪϵĴڣΪ۹ĺڶһУɲ⡣
ʦڹǡ๦ҲǾƷڹؼ
ǣ׹ʺ϶űϰΪű䲻Ҫ̫һӡ
ȻʦֻһƷڹؼ
ľƷؼʵ̫ϡˣһŴɣһ
֣䵱ɽֳɣӵеľƷڹؼҲָ
ȻƷڹؼҲҪߵ츳粽С
Զű䵽ΪֹûпʼڹΪһڹؼǾƵģԺ޷ĵġ
˼ţű硣
ǸĹӰһ
ҵǽԲɡ
ű䣬ѫֵ10㣬ﵽ15㹦ѫֵ԰ٻ
ű䣬ֵ15㡣
Щ֪ģؼǽǱ书ؼʲô
ʱӰͣƬ̣Ȼ͵ش
ű䣬˵ڹؼ澭ؼ磬ǰȡ
ɶ˵ڹؼ
ʲô𣿾ƷؼѾߵˣʲôʱһ˵ؼˣ
ڶʽɫ
ȡʮʽһ񣬵õĪϹʾЧң
ű䣬ѧΪµһǿʽ
һװõڶӭȢϵһ֣ɫʦ֮ŮƮƮ
ɽô˵⹦ؼ񽣡һ
񽣡ΨһԶ磬Ҳǰȡȡؼʧܡؼһ˻ȡű񳹵ʧܣʹսᣡ


192 澭Ϊ
һ󴮵Ľȫű±ˡ
ȹѫֵ15Ѿ˽ѾΪ԰ٻˡ
ֵһӼ15㣬˲䵽40㣬űѾܵظо淢ˡܾһٻкԶѾԸоͬˡ
֪ΰɫ֮зǳҪû뵽ôҪȱҵ󿼻ҪҪ
ʱűˣΪαҵ󿼶᲻һͳʧܡ
Ϊҵ󿼶᲻һ͸϶ɫ԰ٻô·Ҳζȫ޷
ʮµһǿ񣬾Ȼڰɫġ
ģ书ؼ֡
ִƵƵڵӺС˵м澭񹦡񽣡û뵽Ȼˡ澭͡񽣡ؼֶһȡģɼҲִԽˡ
ܹңһ˭𣿡űʵ
޿ɷ档Ӱ
űѾ𣿡
ӰĬƬ̣޿ɷ档
ű˵Ĵ˵ؼʲô˼
ӰؼһƷǾƷؼ˵ؼҪھƷؼ֮ϡκһ˵ؼ硣
űǴ紫Ϊλ磿
Ӱ޿ɷ棬Ϊλκһ˵ؼһѧǻѣᵼʹֱʧսᡣ
űÿһ˵ؼѧϰ֮𣿡
ԡӰ
ű澭ıʲô
Ӱ籾ҪȻǰȡ澭Ҳͽְɡ
ű澭ʲôǿ֮
Ӱ֪ߣһֻһڹؼΪ⽫ԡ
űͷס
ӰֵѾʮˣѾļˣǱˡνҽֵֻǽǱƳֵҪָΪˣҪľ⡶澭
űһδˡ
书ؼȻָ۷Ĺؼ
ӰڹؼƷԽߣٶԽ졣ƷڹؼƷؼ1.5һƷڹؼƷ1.5ƷڹһƷؼ
ű䵱Ȼһ㣬Щͱȱ˸߳ࡣ
Ӱͬ츳£澭ٶȣǾƷڹؼ2.5
ʲôű䷢һ󾪺
⣬Ҳ̫˰ɡ
濤ѩľƷڹؼѾǳˡűġ澭ȻǾƷڹؼ2.5
űʵʲô츳
Ӱʺ;ʾĵͽܹӦҽɵ֮ڱ
űҵľ֪Ѿﵽ55ˣҵأ
ӰոմԽʱ6Ѿﵽ30߼4040֮󣬾Ҳȥˡ
űҲ˵츳40Ӧ÷ǳƽӹ
ԣƽӹӰ
űΪλѡҰֵ̺֮⣬涼ƽӹ
Ӱͣ˺һ·𱻶űĲҪҭסˡ
һ󣬹ӰΪǱѡ񣬴ԽҪȫһҲ˵ȫͬһˣڲͬѡΪ츳ʹΪǰȫʧˡ
ҡաű̲ס
ѹξϵͳ֮ǰ˵ű伸ϣΪǿڶʱѾ޷ҵһˡ
ű40ʣӦΪǶ٣
ƷеȡӰҲ˵ΪһͻƷеȣҲ޷ˣΪĵͽ˼¡
ô죿űʵ
Ӱʵ񣿡
ű츳;츳Ӧöģ޷Ӹİɡ
ԡӰÿһĻᶼǳһ˾ͳʧȥˡ
ű˵ġ񽣡ô£
ӰҲչ罣ȵȣǾ붼ǳ罣һ50ˣĽһ߾Ѿһ롣߾Ѿ֮һ߾Ͳ֮һʮߺ΢ˡ
űһ㣬һ˵Ĺ벻ᳬһװ롣ȻǳߵˣܹҲ޵ġ
Ӱ񽣿ָ50ˣ׾а˳ɵɱԾɱʮɱ80ϣôָʮ׶ɱʧ
űʱզ࣬⡭Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ȫһBUG
һȫԸż׾룬һΪһƷˡ
Ҳ˵һˡ񽣡ζԽɱԶɱ
ҲΪˣһŰȡΪ񽣵ġһʲô֣Ǿȫö֪ˡ
ű񽣡ؼѾɢˣΪûѧ⹦
ӰΪڹƥ䣬ֻ澭֮ˣſϰ񽣡
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ǴԽߵľԸˣΪ澭ȫξϵͳУֻſѧϰԡ񽣡ҲΪ˴ԽߵĶؼˡ
ű񽣡һڵ۹ϵһּУ
Ӱԡ
űӡڤɡ͵ģ
Ӱ͵ʦⷢ֡񽣡һףڤ֮ǰؼ˼Ȼ˼ѳڤһ¡
űһ϶Ὣ񽣡һؼɴܹ֮׽
ӰԣҪӭȢŮƮƮļŮУƮƮ书ߣԼ̳м²δΪ񽣡һؼҲᴫС
űƮƮ书ܸߣ
ǳǳߡӰһƷ֡
ʱűզ࣡
˹һƷ֮ϣʦ˰
ǣż갡ᾹȻһƷˣű侪
Ȼ常ʦԶˣ常Ѿʮ˰
Ӱʮꡣ
űûн飿
ִ29ûнŮӱȱȽǣҸഺˣʮŮҲŮ
磬29ŮûнǷǳǳˣѩʮûнѾܺˡ
ģ书ߣٻʮഺòӰһ涼濤׷ֻ̫࣬û˸׷ˡ
⻰ú˰˶׷߰
űһ̫࣬ҪȥȢֺǸӻᱻ׻ࣿδҪȢѩİֻһ޵İɡ
ӰԣҪӪһݡǹٳõģһõģеķ˵ݣȥȢƮƮ
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⣬仰Ϣô󰡡
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ѹˣԲɻ˰
űҪݵһʲô
Ӱа
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ӰְɻŮʼ׷ɱʮ꣬ǰ˲ȬһɽУʬ嶼ˣѾ糹ʧˣᱻײơ
űܻܲһݰ
ӰΪΣ㱾Ǹɫݡ
űǣһֱ׷ɱ
ӰǲǹҪֲɻаΪǵһܺ
ű֮ǰɳƽʦƤȷʵҪ˲ſݵú
Ӱ㽫ʼߣֺ͹ٳȻͬ硣öűݣ˾Զ֮òκõĶ
ű䵹ȫ۵Ӱһ̨ʣÿʮ֮ǰھ죬ʮ֮ںɫġ
ӰҪʹҪڳ϶ȨҪõǿľӣҪӵǿ书ȱһɡҪߵ书켣֡
űͷ
ӰҪмǣаͶűһصһܱʶƣԵаʱڶű˶֣ܳᡣаܣֻһ֪
űף
Ӱһ㿴а˵ĳ࣬Ҫסÿһص㣬ȻΪݡ
űá
ȻԺһʱһˡ
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ûеĿ˫Ƿǳ⡣
һ۾֪ǻˣͱа
ҪױҪ԰ףһ֪ǲɻ
ֳֻаķ
ѹֻаű䱣֤ԭȵ־Բ½кҲһЩҲûкõȥ
ݳӣűڽֵ϶±˴򰡡
ű˱ݣʲô֮𣿱˭˭Ķӣ
ǳ⡣Ӱ˲֪Ҳʱû֪ĸĸ˭
ű书Σ
ӰܸߺܸߣһšǱһŮݺȫɢñ书ҪԲŻᱻɱ
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ӡӰ
˭ȫûű
Ӱ˵ú磬ǳǳΪ߹ءƮ졢Ļ
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Ӱ˵˵ԣ˵仰ᱻĽʬΡ
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Ӱ㵽ʱԼȥɣǶһս
ŹӰֵҵʱȻҲʱʱ̿߶бͬҵĻ䡣ʱڶ𣬾ûôˣߴ󲿷ҲбˣһΣվȫҪԼˡҿԸ㣬֮ǰ󲿷ڵڶ׶С
űһ
ôܣӰٴǿȫʵ磬ҪɵҲʵ񣬲ϷϷǸй켣ƶΪָһ֮·ҪвǾ
űˡ
ӰҴ㡶澭һأΪĳЩԭֱӸͽֱѧϰĹ̡
űףΪ׹̫죬Ƕһ޶ģԲй¶ȥ
׼áӰ̻Щ죡
ʼ
˲䣬ĹӰطӿűӿԺ
ط˲װ˶űĴԣֻôһƬհףȻʲô֪ˡ
ξУҲһƬޡ
ȻЩǿصĴӿ࣬ٴɢɿظÿһѨλ쵤
̷ǳãȫ
ڹؼԲģ϶ҪȻһա
űȴֱӱ澭졣
УֻűĽָɡ

űһλָʶʱ
ͽѾ׸ˡ
ʱ֮ڷ·һת̫
۳ΪһӰų˶ĹâɿתγһС
ͬʱȫëſ
۾ʱӦԲʮеԪҲ
ЩԭǿԾӦģͬСһ㣬ɢŹâ
űľͷųȥʱΧԪ׽ͬʱ֮ڵǸɿתв˾޴
ͨűȫڣӿ뵽֮УǸɡ
ʱűȫˣ
һɣͬһˮ
űȫͬˮһƴɰ
ѹ֣⡶澭ٶȿþ˰ͨڹķʮ
˿üĻӦûǳ
ʱׯ԰Ԫɿؼ٣ȫűɽ뵤֮ڡ
̶ʱڣΧʮڵԪɸɾˣͬˮһһˣΧ
űġ𾪡תϵɣɡ
űΪԾɼٶȷɿ
⹦ˣ


193 Σ׷
ͬʱԾû˯
˯µԵΪˡ
ļǺõ㣬ÿһ綼ͬ֬һ㣬ˣ硣
һǽϣűˣ϶ûϵЩ졣
а
а˵ûڰɫǧɱˣҲҪҳȻʬΣң
ҧгݺ޵
Ȼ󣬰γذ͵ؿն
ʱϵаն÷顣
ݸ߹书ǿΪֹδԿ
֮ǰȴаϳ˴ֱܴ衣
ܣû֪

գһ󰺵Ʒʿڶűǰ¡
ݼˡ
ĵӣ뿪ɫΪ˹Ļ
ĶűȥɫԽ͸˶ű䣬԰ɫһ˽⡣
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űǼǧӣڰɫʲô
󰺵˰ɫĹٺ佫֮⣬֯ͳɫ
һӻᣬ۹̻ᣬÿó׶ֹǰɫ˾еⶼҪӻͬ⡣˾涼йɷݣӻȨ纣ã֦
ڶʥֹ̣ǰɫ˾˵ļ˿ڶҪŷӾ͹ȥѽ١
ᣬ֯ÿһ˾ضзֶ棬ܶڰɫܶǱڤɸ
ﶼбڤɵӰνᣬ˾ͱڤɽ˵Ĳ
ڤɺϵĹϵеĸܡ
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ѹɳǧϣʣµһѾΪ߹ˡ
޷ڰɫ㣬˵չˣڶűߵĲѰ·ȫһа
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Ǹ˾ȴ֣ԽǸӵĵطӦԽÿ
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űҪȥĿǰɫǿΣյĵطҲԸ⣿
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͵һҧǧ֮ԸðգοūԸ׷ˣǣ
űãͳΪҰһԱˡ
꼤ϲʤԸΪЧ

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Ƽû˵ֻǱŶűޡ
ʱĵǺܸӣܰܰܵܣ׵ˡ֮ǰڱڵܵܳˣʼˣҸܣΪҲһҸǵܵܳˣҪıˣԺֻԽԽԶ
һġűȻһ¡
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űǰݶᱣǼҵģġ
Ŷű䣬֮ǰֻǰ˲𣬶ͨҹ֮˼־η˸ȡ
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µл˾֮

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ҵ󿼽ˣˣع㶫ʡ󲿷ѧԺҲѾ˹ɼõȥ˾˾в˾˾ȵȡ
ɼ˵ѧԺΪ̫ࡣ
űѧԺΨһѣ޴ڸеسΪȺ̫һԱ
Ȼ75֣ѧһͿǹѧֻѧӽֵ֣ǳƫư
ԣճɼǵʮÿ˵ѧԺɨϴѣ֮ۻȫ
Ҿǵײ̫ҲǷֵȼģЩ׳Ƚ׺Ⱥ̫Ҳ첻ɻָʹЩų̫ȥ
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С۸ƶͥΪƣƫܵܣͰȥ̫ˣĸҲһˡ
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ʱĶű䣬ѾΪ˵ѧԺѧԺż
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ȴûǽ۸̫һһ𣬵ʦֻ֣Ժ̫಻Ҫ۸̫ݣһǿˡϵĿţǻ۸ľûл·ˡ

ܳ˫˫Ȧͨ죬һٱʾΣգű仹ǽС
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ͤűͷүү㣬֮㲻Ϊ㸸׵ĽҲΪҵĽ
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űҰųƽģ󰺣꣬뿪˹ָǰɫΡ
ʦһһиű䱣
űٻ٣ǰɫ̶ѨΣʹôˡ

·գűվ
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űͬĸĵܵܣǸһеӶף»ӷҪȥɫΣ֮ǰһֱûϣû뵽ڽɫǰһվȴˡ
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Ȼű˵ܴܵվ˵ű䣿
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һܶ׵͢վΪ˷͢ٵģ㶫ٻ̸ʲô͢١վΪ׼ģҪס߰ɣз䶼ó


194 ֮ǣ㴩Խ߰
űͬĸֵܶס
ʱѾȫӱ΢ˣеĹٵԽУһҪѶűƷٻϳȥͷõط
ǸűδޣǸҪŮˣʹڻвöűûʸ
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ʵϲҪ˵סһվ˯һѣű䶼û
ҪҪģҪػ
ϧűåǸǲ˵סһվܲ˸Ϣ
ĹٵԽб˰
׺ͷ˾Ҫʽˣֱӳȥɱɱɱ˵Էǧأ˾޴ųҲɱ
ʲôȻĲŻʮĶͷʿҪ̫ţŶ
Դð취Խеĵطʤǰ
ҷĸĶǧһɷûӣһΣڶΣ֮ǾͲҪƲ㣬㻻һñˡ
űҪֵǣ㿴Ҳһ涼ɷǿ
Ȼûеȵűڣܵܶ׾ͳˡ
ֵܣȻһİ
ű䣬˵ڹ˵ҵĹѧж˵һ˲𰡡׵гĪķ̡
׿ǵԵĶͷҲȫ
űֻһʡ˵ѧԺԵһ
ִĻһǰ˹񽱣һ̨Ӱڽ
ڶУűһǳɽկζġ
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׳ӷˣɣ
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ԼͬĸĵܵܣȻǼȳɫѹֶżһ᳹Ķű䣬ѡס
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󶹳Ϊ֭
ݽڸȼڸ
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׿˲͸Ȼֱף̧ͷͬĸĸ硣
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˵޵һʫֶǷֲûġЩʫôţƣһɱ
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ɫһ䣬ɿ˶׵ֱתȥصС
׸еԼˣʱɫףվԭز
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Ȼ󣬶ףһ˾Ҫȥ
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֮ķҲάֲס֮ǰŵ̬γ󿳡
һֹĸо
ɷòƷŻ书ǿû˵ǡ·һ㡣
ʱűոһװ겻ʫֱ֮˴ֱ
ָìܣ˸оǺܸӡ

վסһҹ󣬶ű·ʱ֣ڽ˰ɫ
ǰɫǣ
ű㵣ǳǳֱȹֺˡ
ĽֱֵÿһŽζ
ңȥȫȻ򰡣ûһҵζ
űʱ󰺵Ļɫ濴ȥƽ˾ˮ֮ȴڳӿ
Ҳм֪֪أζǧòˡ
ĵˮҪȥ͵ģܿͻᱻʬס
ҸոսɫǣűظоԼϰ˫۾סˡʣϵߣһǾͺܣͬûдһ㡣

һξ룬űһԺǰʱ㵡
⣬ݶǧűٻҲ⴦ۡ칫
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ǰǧһԺӣûһվڵģſżʮؤɹ̫ץʭӣűˣסſڵؤһۣץʭӶһ
ζԴ࣬ؤĿܡ
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ؤٻҵһʭӣӽ̡
ҵȻҪפǧͶҲӱֻؤˡؤٻ̫ؤҲ㶪ˡ
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ͷǸҳڶű
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ֶҲǴ˼Ҳɱ㣬Ҳ㣬򲻵κγԴ
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ȻøĵĿҵʦǴԽߣֻѾĨɱˣΪʬ⣡


195 澭
۹ϵһǿߣ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ڴ
һѾˣʵ۷Ϊܱٵʥּˡ
纣ݼҪΪ˾˼δʥ۹ĹʦҲܾˡʦʲô߰ĵʿУʲôƨʦ
֪֮ڰɫ۹гѵĵλȫΪƫ۹Ҳƫϡ
ֻҪʼնǰɫһԾŶʵۡ
ʱֻһĿ꣬ǾΪٽһ
ν۹ϵ۹һֵǳˬʲôϵһֲ֣۹һ֡
гһɱϱڤɣĪϹɱˣЩ۸ĳȫɱ
һΪʦ𣬶ΪԼһڶ
ΪĿѾܶ˼ʮʱ䣬Խ־ĿԽԽԶ
书Ѿ㹻ˣ滹оĲܡ
ҪΪʦҪɱĪǸ书ǲ˵ɱϱڤˡ
ڴʱӹʦʦ
ܵ
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ӵʦ˵ڡ췽Щ뷨Ҫʦ̽֡
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ʱ׽Ҫ֣̽ɵд󶯡
Ǹգ⡶췽Ȼ޷书Ҫؼָ

֮һ˿֡
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ţǿϧұҪһһϸµģЩҶ֪֮䣬˭书ߡϧֲΪˣٵҲûкһϸµĻˡ
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⼾ȷʵòǾӡ
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Ǹӣǰɫζ԰ٻűɡ
ʲô֣Ҷűͽ֮츳ǰδҪŮƮƮ
ܡҵƮƮѾҪʦˣȥѨܾܿͻʦˡ29ѣһûмƮƮ츳ߵġ
һϲţҾͰѶű㿴֤ޱȣһŮƮƮС㡣
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197 ʦΪͻƣر
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һ˲űͱ۾ԴδģȴԻóϾǱ֮Ϊޡ
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صĳЩ䣬ºȻ֮˱Сֵۣ¹޵ӣֻ档
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201 ű伾ƮƮ˽飡
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Ů֮䣬֮⣬кܶԷ
ҼƮƮеаֻҪڵайˡ
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󣬶ű侹ȻԹȥˣΪЩϻӰ뵤ʵںķ̫̫ľ
ȻһԭǾΪеϢȫס޷˳ǿıµʵʵ
ƮƮʵ̫ˣ

նűʱȫʹޱȡ
ϻһЩɸ˵˺ۣ
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ʱмģĻΪǱĳʹ󺺸ǼƮƮˡ
ƮƮֻıʹ󺺻Ҫɡ
ƮƮܷܷǵ۹ϵĴ֮һһ
ڶűڸܵķǳǳˡ
ҹǶűǰδе飬ӼһΣֱҪɢҲǵһŪιȥ
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ףƮƮأ
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Ȼű䷢ˣֽ֮⣬ϻһ֣ҲǼƮƮּ
ԭһӶ˵ģҸѾҪˣֻҪԸѾϲˣĵģֻҪܹӣܹΪҴڽӴͿˡ
滹һΡ
Ȼ֪Ƿ治УҲģǻƣҪϣ
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űԼҵȥ뿪ԹһĵѨ

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ԼƾյʧˣʦֻҪˡ
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Ȼű䲻֪ģҹͶűһҹͷѹõĻ棬˵ξȻ࣬϶űǿŵҩ޷ƾԼ뿪ؼҡ
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ϣŮűɽ֮һֱű䱻ĪӰ˾Ѫ뿪ģΪöűѾˡ
űͷҲôģа𣿡
ͷˣı˵Ȼ˳ȫһȴǳƣܹȫǺסü켸ҹƤߡ
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˺ϻ㶨ʦˣϣͬƮƮ˵ʦŮҪֻܵͣҪԸ޾ͿˣϣһŮūɡ
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λʦ֣鷳ȥͨʦĳǰݼˣʽףӭȢƮƮС㡣



202 ݼ֮޹
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ȻƮƮ˵׶ҪֻܵͣҪԸ޾ͿԣҲ϶鼱֮µĻڼƮƮԸˣΪ׵ļ϶Ҫϸѡ
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Ѿһˣű䵱Ȼûа;ϵĵʱҧԡ



203 ƮƮ£Ѫ
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ѪƮƮаǺܶΣ常ҩһ󲿷ֶǼæṩģİǿܶʿһȰ۹
ƮƮȰƬصˡ
ţƮƮҸ׼ڴ۹ֻ֮ſԱֳȻλҷǳǳͬҾνһջǡΪڿƾٿܵȺͳ׷񶨴۹ͳ׺ʹ۹еҲ̫ͬƫ
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ξϵͳ˵âֱϨ
ˣξϵͳͶű䣬ʱ׾ѡ

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ű亮Ǻˣǰɫ԰ٻҪ赲ٰ참𣿡
Ԧԭ˰ɫֱ֮ʧ氵ɳ²ֵİϷͬһҲֵĵطһС鷳Ȼû뵽㾹Ȼ¶ͷ޴ÿɰ㻹׾ˡ
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ԦûмǴĻڰɫǧɣ֪֪ظǲ֪˶ٸһ֥ٻʲô
û۹ڰɫ˲֪ٹԱʹʣµĹԱΪϵ߹
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ҪԸˣһսҪ÷ǳˡʱ任ռ䣬Կռ任ʱ䣬ЩսҪãһܾڴսս
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λµʿƴͷκԴƨɿܻȥš

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ЩҲųǶʿȻ󲿷ֶϵˡ
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207 űľӣϵͳľ
ѱ䶫ǧеʿɶǧ¥ݣֱƴ롣
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ֻǼؤȵе˳֮غֵܣ˭һȾƣ
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ĳУһŹӰƯڿУȻ͵طѣΪĸӰ
ؼĻ
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ǸĨɱǡ
ǲбҪ׷ֲıΰּ޵ʹ



208 űħϵͳ
ȥҵľĪϲȫû֮ǰ߻·ߣҲֻһ־֮ѣ
ѾһƥˣҪҵһƥߣҵȵ󵽿Գеʹ䣬Ҫʮʱ䣬Ȼһʮˡ
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ûнܹһִĽԺܶ޷γɡ
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ĨɱԱȹ21
һӰѡĨɱվĨɱרעֲ
ɫĹӰĬãȻλǷпǹôһ⣬ű˵Ǿ仰ǼȻǿ˴滮·ȷΪ֮ǰһֱʧܣѾˣǴʱǳԣѾ˻ıԵ
⻰һӰȫĬ
ţɫӰűûȴɳɹˣûаǹ滮·ȥߣɳɹӮһϵеĴսָΣ
ܣɫӰھںѧǰǹ滮·ߣȥշĪϵĲǼƻһ֣ȻѾѣǵ˵һ־֮֮ǰҪ硣
ɫӰ˵һûаǹ滮·ߣջӮˣӦô죿

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ʵϣʱĪӰΪ˷ӣ԰ѹ佻ĪҰ֮ĪҰͳ׺ĪǼ崦ڸ״̬
ȻĪ˾ҷĪҰαĪС㣬Żָ
ңûĪӰǾԲύָġ
ˣĪɹž޲Ŷ֪ˡ
ű䳹ײˣ⡭谡ϢȻⷴӦ
ĪҪʲôͣ
ű䳹ҪõĽͣԼŮˣ
һűҴ۹ҪĪϼˡҶйͬĵ˾ϣĪСһǧˣҶԺ󻹻ȫֲĪϼ壬ָ˾֮λҲԡҶ֧£ĪϼһֻܹԻ͡
ЦĪ߳ڴ۹پӼƷʲôʸ̸ˣҵĵһˣǴ۹ҵڶˡҪ̸ûʵ۵ղ߹ʸ񡣡
ű䲻ɵĪҰѯŮԴȷʵ
ĪҰǰС㣬űӣδ󶼶ˣǿǿϣʧ
Ī򳣬ҲֻӼūѣʲôʸ̸У
ţԱߵǸ¹ٵ˵ŮѾǿˣδ򱳺ԶԶǶûмǴĻűѾΣڵϦѱˣȵģ̸ʲô˰
ĪҰҪ˵ȴĪֱֹˣʹͶűһƽͿͣ
ű亮䣬ѵֵһƽ𣿡
Ī㻹ıݣ޼۵ġ
λŮǰ
ԱߵĻ¹ٵҶű£ھв㣬ûаץϣѾǱˡ
Īֵة࣬Ժ㲻Ҫ˽ǵ
Ȼ󣬼ʮʿǰűˡ

صĪҰļʱű̲סСԴɣʲôʱˣԳưɫĪѾٶǰ飬ɫҲǸԷģܹûһ¾ͱˡ
ĪҰЦСĪϵĹʾЩһĳĪϹĻԻУҵʱ򣬾Ѿˡ
ţĪҰҲһֱûаѹ佻ˡ
ָ˶Īϼ֮⣬ûʲôֵ̲صıܡ
νĪϼϣǼǰĪıء
صܣڽָʯͼͼǳ죬űѾȫˣָȥͽȥˣֻҪסͼƽ⣬ûָҲ
űνĪ屦صܣǲǲڽָʯڵͼ֮У
ĪҰͷǣĪо˺ֹˣûκͷرͼȫƽⲻ
ĪϱȷһߣؼǶűĪϽļƻʧˡ
ûоӣ޷У޷ضǧζʧܡ
ѵûξϵͳĲܳɹ𣿾·һ

ͬʱ֮С
ɫӰҾ˵־裬֮ǹ滮·ȥߣûǵָ㣬ʧˣԲŵòӡҪ˷ʱˣֱĨɱɣ
ɫӰȷʵЩʧͬĨɱ
ɫӰٿھ֮УᱬǳµǱ

ű۾ڵء
ĪϼĲѪȫסˣѵľӼƻͳƲ
ξϵͳڿ϶ڿЦ˵ûϵͳűǳ׵ķϲ
ǻԥҪҪĨɱűɣ
ڤ˼룬Σյʱ̵ˣ뾡ҵƽ֮
оӣоӣоӣ
ɫǣϾĪϲ·ԭϵͳ滮ģڶˡ
֮⣬ûо˰
űʹغҧأУѵ״̬
Ȼɿһ棬һԼļƬΡ
ԣˣ
һ֧ӣһ֧ޱǿޱײУޱȲбľӣ
ҲҪҪԼľӣһ˵ľӣ
űһʼֻ룬֮ʹ˵˳
Ȼ͵վߣȥǵľӣ
˶
ȥ
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⻰һ˳ɫ䣡
¼
ǡǿǹһȺµķӣ
ǣǿħͽ
һȺ书ǿħʿ
Ī˾͹ˣ˾ǡ
Ϊβɱ
Ϊ᲻ðļħ̿ͽǿɶ֣ؼ·ϴһ㣬ȫġ
ս֮Ⱥħ̿ͽȫһ㡣
ħݺ۹ϣֶκײУֱŷɢ
۹Ī˾˾Ⱥ˼ȥΧˣ˼ʮŽħ̽
⼸ħͽʵ᲻ɱҪаãÿһζʧˡ
ǣȺµħͽͱѺں¼УѾʮˡ
űʵɫʱĪϵͳ£¼ǽģ֪ȥܵ
ĪҰ֪֪ȷҪôǣǿһȺӣһȺħͽ
ڰɫֵطֻħͽηģŸҺɱס
磬ЩʱֻзӲȥ
ĪҰǣȺħ̿ͽײϣôЧֻ¼ĵһۣͽ˺ˣ
űԸǣа취콵Ե
⼸ħ̿ͽܹǾһ֧ȲѪľӣǾһ֧뺷бµľӡ
ߣȥ¼

¼ڳɽУȻѨġ
ĪҰĴ£űͨܵ˰ɫǣֱ˰µĺ¼ǰ
ͺͺ´ɽмһѷ죬ѷǺ¼ڡ
ȥûκ˭Ҳ֪Ѻżײпµħ̿ͽ
¼Ī޽ģרһֱܵͨײԱܿеĪҰǣȷҪȥаǣǿһȺɱ飬ǿײеħ̿ͽĿܻὫ˺ġ
űģаգ콵ĻԵ֧ħ̾ң
ĪҰŶűһˮ̶У¼ܵˮ£
ҡű
⻰һģƮƮ˾
űһȥѺħͽļȫħ߰
ҳűȻԥͶˮУҵǸܵź¼ײ㲻Ǳ롣

У
ɫӰűԼһ·һ·ûаǹ滮·ȥˡ
ɫӰ·տˣ룬ûй滮·
ɫӰɹˣǾһ֧ǿ֮ľӡɹˣǾǴǵʱָΣ
ɫӰܳɹ·̫ã
ɫӰĿԴܲܳɹ

ಡ
ܵһˮű粻ϻ䣬䣬䡣
ͨ
˲䣬˺¼ײ㡣
ͬʱʮ˫͵Ŀ۾


209 ħŮõħ
ű仹ǵһη֣˵۾ȻǿԷ̹ġ
㼸˫۾Ƕţֱ˲
һӣͱֻץסˣȻ󱻰ǹİǹøɸɾ
⻹ǶűһαôǹⰡ
ĳЩ棬ЩײеûŮˣЩ۵кк
Щֱ˳ͬЩ˲׼
űȻǶˣȺǹĶŮˡ
ŮҲаʮء
˵ű̫డҪЩƻħŮҲܰ
ű仹Ƕˡ
ΪЩŮֱӽˮȻƴϴϴˢˢÿһ䶼ˢøɸɾ
ţһʯϣź¼̧ȥ
ʱ򣬶űʵǿþ񹥻ģûС
ͬƷһ㣬ű䱻̧һС֮ڡ
¼ȫȻѨĽɵģԻ϶ʯ
СңȻеĽ̻Ի͡
˸ʽ鼮ʳƯ
ÿһҾ߶ǳһŴ󴲣ȥޱȵĴ󴲡
ٿСУ඼ȹӡ
ɬǣﻹкܶ˿СһЩǶ
ıӣġ
ڼȻݻη治֪˭סġ
Щ̣ӦһŮˡ
ѶűϴøɸɾҲǵøɸɾͬƷһ̧ѵΪĳλŮУ
ţһһŮ˽ԹĶű޶ãһһ̵ζȶ
ָʳһ
ǼΰȻԵôãǹӦһа
еĲ˶֮ڣеϨС泹׵ĺڰ
ò͡һŮӵ
Ƭ̺󣬴һŲе˹˻ϣʼŻĲ;ߣһһò͡
ű俴˵ӣǿԸܵ˳Զǳÿһֻһ㣬Ȼϲڶˡ
˿𣿡Ůʵ
š˵͵ӦһһŮӣЩ֡
ū澳˺ȶǸŮӵȻһѵӣűѪ
ʱ򣬶űɿԷҲֹûС
Ǹ˶˹һѪȥͬȺһ
˾Σ𣿡Ůʵ
ǸȻҡҡͷʾˡ
ȻǸŮӾҪŶű͵شȥҪȡ
ץϴøɸɾֻΪһѪ
ħ̣
ʱű
Ǹذ״ŮӸоƷʿҲû⣬ֱӻһ
䣡
һǿĶϻӰ͵ػŮӵ

˲䣬ĴԷ·͵ը˲һƬհףһҽֱӷ˳ȥ
񹥻Ǹ˷˾֮˭
űѾ֪ģˣòŰеȫϨˣӦúߵҲŶԣ
סڻҵˣѪˣݽˣ߳µħ
ʮǰᣬֻ߼纣ĬĬŵʱλѾ¡
ħ̣ݺϣ޶֣ʦ֮ࡣ
ʱϵɣɨһգʱħ̼ͳ֡
ûһλţĳBOSS
Ȼ֪ΪΣħ̼ڶ̶̼ںȻ˥ܣиַ׷ױ
ţ͢Īϣ϶ûΧˡ
ʱڣǳսУڤɳ֣˾򣬻мʮɵļǧʿΧħ̳ɽ
һսԺһʱħ̼ҷ𣬽еĸּˡ
Ҵģȫǵħͯʱ䶼ʮ¡
ħĽڱѾʮˣЩҲʮˡ
ЩͯСħ󣬲ΪһΪĸȻ书ڽвߣȴ¸ңҳϣȵġ
ħʢ֮죬֮˷ǳ㵡
ԭ򣬼û֪űȴ֪׼ȷ˵Ƕű֪Ȯʦ֪
űǶȡȮʦļ֪ġ
λħӦѾʮˡ
ƣɱˡħ˵
ŮǰֱҪȡű
ħ֮Ըǿħߡĵھž½ת书ˣҿʼϻͯӦֻһ߰СŮɣű亰˵㲻ҪϨˣ֪ģ
⻰һȫ׼ž
һڣһ
űڿħģ
˶ıϣһױ¾׵СŮֻ߰ӡ
ףһˣӦñҪ次
Ψ۾Ǻ䲻ĳ졣
֪ʵű֮󣬻ǳˡ
ʲôɽͯ
˼ɽͯѴСģģǼľǽתÿһ춼ڷϻͯ
⵽ʲôԭ̫˰
ħ֮ԸҲΪķϻͯʹΪһ½ղڶ֡
ĪϣΪΪֲ֪ھ
ܣΪ֪ħʵ
һСŮģֿ˵Ǻùְ
űʦȮᣬڹ̴һʱ䣬𷨣ϣɱ¾Ͱ࣬һǳе̸飬˶ѣûΪʦĻκɱ¾
ţűֵ֮ǿħߡһҪഺפǸʮ㡣ʧˣΪˣϻͯ
ߣҲʧܣһֳɹ
ˣڤҲ챱ڤɸħ̡űߣһıһмơ
ʣǼʹ£¹ȥ˶ʮˣ˵ʹʡ
㴦ĻңΪ˺˵Щ𣿡˵꣬ȥˡ
һ߰СŮģ˵ôݶĻΥ͸кǿ
ű̸еģûв´Ļ纣̫עˡΪ㱻ʮ꣬ûбֳʲôʣֻÿ춼ڷϻͯ⼸֮ͯ⣬˼Ҳˡ
Ŷűһ㻹仰˵ȥ
ʱʮŮӿ˽׷׽ָű䣬ֻҪһ£ͿԽűɱΪѣо񹥻Ҳ޷һӹôĿꡣ
⼸ͯȻڶѾʮˣȫҪˣ/Чҡű
һ˵ˡ˵
ʱʮŮǰһű䣬ֻһߡ
ű㷵ϻͯٶڼӿ죬಻һ룬Ҫָ״̬һ仰˵һҪˡ
ڶ仰˵ˡֵʣһ䣬˵ʲôˡ
ʮŮǰһʮ֧ѾŶűˣֻҪǰһݣűͱ̳ʮףˡ
һ仰
ű۾
ûξϵͳԤ֪ˣҲ޷ξԤˡ
һ仰ѡ
һѡ񣬸߼а취
Ȼĳ̶ֳ϶űѣʵڲ֪ôȼ
ǣ취˲ҵһֽҺĶ˲ߡ
ȻּڵҲ죬Ҳ޷һ˱ȴ
ǣ书ߣڷϻܹͯ죬ܹȵűҵİ취ա
ڶѡ񣬸߼ȵˣ⼸ٸͯȥδӣűԸⱣǣǣǵֵõȫķӣڰ֮ڸᡣ
ξϵͳһһѡΪǳ׵ǡ
һѪпˣӦںԼԵһѡȷġ
űҪˣ
һ仰Ҫ⼸ͯᣬӽԺұ/ǣҴǣǵȣǿͻս֮ϡٲڰ֮СűѡС
ѡЩͯԼ
һΣûκδûϵͳףֱӰԼڶϡ
˵Уսʤǡ
ͬʱеĺɫӰ޴ˣ
޴ĳŵ̾Ϣ
ǰҲǶű޴ĳŵˣһʵûС
ŶűףղԥȻһ仰һѡʲô
űҿ취ȵȵİ취ʱڽⶳա
ĻᣬΪûѡ仰
űҶ㲻ԸЩ˸ᣬҶЩˣԼ
˵ң˵ҪôôҪΰңңֻ⣬˵ҪҵЩͯ
ʵʲôݣ
ű԰ٻ
СĹٰ
ȻһӮˣ֧ħˣҲԸ/Ǹᣡ
űмĵһ֧Ӿôˣɱȥʱˣϵͳʱˡ



210 ɱʤϵͳûӮ
У˵ûֻһˡ̾Ϣһʱ䣬ҪСŮһһҸͯꡣ
ͷݵĽ̻Ի͵ЩĪϸ׼ģһЩȴҪġҲѾȫںˣѾܾúܾûȰˡҷϻͯҪֲûͯźɣҶɹһ
ţȫ˾СŮӽԺֻһͨŮˣħˡ
Ƕűܹ˵ԭ
֮ľͻ᲻һ
ʱļֻŹ׶Σֲź⼸ͯΨһĲµģڶʮǰЩħֻǹߣڶȴΨһǣңĺӣҲֻǰ˾ĺӡ
⼸ħͯһȺǲȫˣʱħרѰ˴Ĺ¶СϴԣԽҳϣСֻ̻սļһŲ֪
ʮʱǾ͸żһ𱻷ˡں¼бʮ꣬ǱøӲȱ
֮ЩֻֽĿ˸һѳᡣ
ڶֿܣ䵽ɱ¾ħȻӱҵȥ
Ⱥ˱һ䣬Ϊǲ˼ֻ
ű䲻죬λߣҲʲôĳͳŵ
ڼУȺͯõˣΪ㹻档
Сֵű磬ǣ˼ߡ
űһ룬һҪǣ㣬ܸоĳֳ
ǣһ˾ģ򣿵;ʮ𲽣̻ð
һħŮùһű䴩֮ǣżСߡ

Ĵң
ѣ
лѵȼ
ű俴Щħͯ
ȻѾͯˣȫʮˡ
ںڰʱԵ÷ǳˣ۾ͬҰһ㷢ɫӫ⡣
ΪǴСĳҩĺ֢ҩܹǶʹĸоʹսȫ֪ʹΪʹǵ۾˱仯ͬèһɫ
ǻ֮󣬶űȫһȺˡ
ǿȥҰޣһˡ
ÿһ˶ݣÿһ˶ܾ׳ϵļͬһ㡣
ȥÿ˶оϰԱ֢ߡ
η棬ÿɹһ˿ħеʱûʲô
ʲôʱ˯ʲôʱ𴲣ʲôʱԷʲôʱ
ħѵǵʱȫǵľѵν֡
ֵսϣȷʵġ
ħͯôһ֧ͬһ
ֻҩɣнаϴѵɵ
ʮηһ㶼࣬ͷָ׶ɸɾ޼롣
űǺȻֵģûκʱ׼ģǵĵһۣЩ˶жӣ·ʱʱ̶̿ж״̬Էˣѵˣϴˡ
ǵ۾ľģûκβ
ǵֵʱǵ˲ޱȵĿȡ
ٸͬһˣ˲¡
ݼˣ
Ǵͱħ̣Ȼÿһ춼ڱϴԣʹǵֻһˣǾ˼
ǵһֻһʹǾΪ˶սΪ˶Ϊ˶
ű䷢֣Щÿûкӡ
ǾֻһԭЩ˶˸ˣȥѵ
Ϊ˷ģ̰Ӱս
Щħͯսߣ
ҿͯƻֻǸոտչûü̫࣬Ҳûüǳɳ
ٹʮ꣬˼ǧħѪǻʲô
Ҫɨϣħ۹ˣ
űһ£Լħ֪ǲǴЩ˵ĳ඼ࡣ
Ȼ࣬Ҳ㹻ˣ
˵Ҳ⣬Щ˱˸ˣ˶ű˵
ָŶűӽԺҵĸ硣
⻰ûëѾʮˣȫǰ˾СŮģ
ֵԴӽԺҲǵˣ
ʿŶű䣬ߵ׵ݼˣ
ٸˣ룬ͬһˡ
ֱ֮壬۾Ŷű䣬Ҫ׳׼סͺҪѶűֲԼԴһ㡣
²˵һ£ʱһ̶ǿ϶һ¡
ΪǵҪһˡ
ŶűһӺѾȫסˡ
ǵĿֱˣÿֻûԼôȡ
ӦǷֵģһ˼ӵȨޣűֻӵеڶȨޣһȨ޺͵ڶȨ޲ͻʱԵһΪ־
ʹ󣬼Ͷģ壬
ʱħѪǰһС
˵֧Ѫİٷ򳤣ȫƷߣӵкܸߵս飬ǳͨս󷨡
սľ٣书Ʒ㹻ˣΪȫɱˣٿ
Ϊ֧Ų˼λӵսҪǧΡ
书ٸߣǴʦǿߣһľһȺʿͿ԰ɱ
ڿʼҲˣҪһҸСŮˡЦʼĵһɣ
űħѪԽ
ǣ

ʱ
űħѪɹԽ
ˮ֮ٸ˵һʱ俪ʼڵжӣֻҪϣǶҪŵ롣
ȺļƮƮĪҰޱȾϲһС
ȥһʱȫޱͼ尾֪жٴҪܵ¼ȫƮƮֹˡ
ʱǱ¼ǵܰȶű䣬ܻ˶űļƻ
űɹҾȻɹصõ֧ħѪôϲ
ұѪЩĪϲ֧Ӽֱǿ̫̫ˡ
ħѪȫϺ󣬶ű䷢˵ڶ¼ȡף
ǣٷ򳤵
˵ָ£ħѪٵر󣬴ľ󣬱˷ɢ͵Ϯ⵶Ρ
ٸˣٵسź¼Ǳȥ
Сʱս
غ¼һٶȫɱøɸɾҾ󲿷Ǳɱ˯С
ħֻһٶ˳ɹתֻһٶб
ɫǣضǧնɱͽУ
ڰɫڣЩ겼õļܾݵڣŴ¼ף

켴ˣ
ɶǧڣͽǧһҹδߡ
Զű˵Ѳڼ
ȻҲǺջץס˶ű
ƽȶˣؼ书˱ڶڰɫڵĳݵڡ
û˳ֻżȻûжѲץסˡ
ʱ˶ľϣ˲н
žžžž
Գ֣˶˼ʮޣֱӽ˴ñˣƽΪȶϣʱڱ޴򣬸ֱ˹ȥ
˵ģԼ֪Ϊôŭ
ûɰűѾ˰ԼѾռ˾ɶǧű䷴Ϊɥ֮Ȯʤ߰Ϊλ˷ŭ
ΪʼɣҲǣűֻһҽ֮ͽѣһĲֵ
֪ǷŭҪűʬΣҡ
͵ɶǧߴ
űС߹ڱҵĥΪӣԼ¶ˣ㻹ʲôСѣ
Ϲ۾ŻΪӡ
ű䣬Сһ֪֮ûУȻɫֻ˾ˣҲǱģȻСɫ
ĻɫЬ䣬Ϊˣ
ű䣬Сֻز㱻ѵ˸ˣѵҲ˸𣿡
С߹ϾҪɱˡ
͵һӣʱһѱĶʿùһ֧ѣߵľ֮¡
ֻҪһ£͵ȼнֱӽƽճɽ̿
˸űûһ죬˺ܶ
űСҵٲ֣߹Ҫճɽ̿ˡ
壡
ģ

ಡ
صĺڰУһ֧ĳǳĽǶ
˲䣬Ǹֳֻѵʿ˶˳ȥҲŷɳ˼ףڵء
ѱ䶫ǧвŭϲЦ޴Ķű䣬˰κﶼ޴ͳΪ߹㾹Ȼ޴
ƽѾˡ
۾űӰˣ߰߰Ҫ֣Ҫǣ
ƽʱҲſµʹ࣬Ҳ˻˿ߣɽڣûաС˾ˣҲаڣֻǿϧûܹ˽ҵ߰
ѱǧСűСأҿһûмˣĴҿ򳵽ǺεȵϹѡΪ̳ߡ
Ƭ̺󣬶űڽֵһݴС
żͽУ
űСĳˣʲôҿҿͽеȻ˵ҿϾҪҵУϾҪҰƤˣȻ˵ҿ
ţɫһȥѶűСץҪƤ
ǣ
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212 ϵͳվ
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Ȼһǧ̤ΪƽأűС˹ʬΣ䵳նɱ


217 սνɣһߵɱ
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ÿһȥȫȫʬÿһȥȫ롣
Ϊؽս
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һؽ׳ӣֻѹЧȻطѾܲˣɵľӡ
һ׾ɱΧȦصǧڣڴŴ
ۿѣȫ̤ƽǧɱ˹
űһЦɣѲʼ
ţ
һӡ
ʱһٸװ͵ƿӷ˳
ⲻƿӣ

Եոߣ
䡭֮ţ



218 Իʹʤɱٻϵͳ
䡭
춯صıը
ǰеĻ棬ǰδе𺳡
Ļ棬͵رŷǾ㹻κ˺Ƭˡ
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׾ٿԻף壬ǶۣҰ˵÷顣
Ĳɱո
ͬһ
ɵĴͬһ㣬ƬƬ¡
Ѫɣʬ졣

һ̣ǳ׾ˣ׸о
ղſһؽ׳ӵʱֻǾޣȻ޵ֻ̰ҪһپľӾʧһҲֵõġЩ׵У֤Ϊ޵
ڶű佫Щ֮ŵʱ
еһ˿־塣
һ뵽пܻʧܣȻпܻʧܡ
ĵʲô
ǲĶ
ѡ
սȥǷˣŴ󲿶ӻڣر
͵ܡ
һʮС˵ǰܣǰ;군ˡ
ʮķܶˡ
Ժż裬֮̿ʣҵŶ˵һΪľǳͷء־õһûпɽҲѳͷҽ֮ԺѧϰЩûʲôã˼佫ҵӵʮǰͲѧЩˡȥԺ佫ӵܣҪôӵܣҪôȥƽġ
ڱڤͬūһܾ裬ű̸ǿ书ʹͻͽ
֮һ常ūŰ߹֮á׶ӶТ˳Ǹеòˣ࣬ǵʲô֢
ʵȨǧŵһ˱ȨΪǧֻвٸ
ǧλϣҲ̰˶ƴѪΨƴǮ
˵ıֻı뺷׳
Լı㹻ãҲ㹻ݡҹݵ
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ӵһ֧ڲͬľӣڴݵʱ׾ٵӱ
ʵۼ֮մãõ۹һԱˣһСϹ
ԣʵ۵ּΪλľӴһǧǧ
֮ͼڵˡʵ۶ټñԣÿһشþʾסʵȥľӪѲӣȫ꣬ѵľȫ󾫡
ʵ۾ãĴ͸һˡһ֮ھ̫ϧˣҪȥ
ɻش˵ҪȥĵطΪ۹ҪȥɫֻһǧҲԡ
ʵвᣬҲΪж
ǣָ٣Ϊν֮Ρ̶̼ڣļɼʵ۶ͷΡ
ȻԭʵҪôһ˵ĹٱǲܵģǾеӣɽͷҰֹɡ
˹ְ󣬻ʵۻȥɫ̶ѨǺ;ٲǧ񣬴ǧ
ɴǧǰɫְΪһǿ
ҵʱɫ֪м֪Ҳǳ͢ĹԱԵʱǳ͢ڰɫõʱ̡
ɫ֮ƴģװǧӱԼ˽һƣϾҪǾһսʱɺȻ̸С
̸֮
ɳΪ纣һ
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ɺͶͽвһߵѱǱȵģɵѱȫǴĻǵĽ
ҲһΣʵ۱õһŻѪҲ佫Ȼĳ
֮ɵѱǳ͢׶ɫס

˵ѡȫ棬Ϊ۹֮ǰܹĳ衣
һУ·˻þԼһС
Ѿʮˣ۷Ѿܽܽˣͳһ˾֮󣬾ͻὨϵ۹Ǹʱɻ
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Ȼ͵һȣǧųȥ
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ȻǶűļֻҪսһ𣬾עʤ
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뷨ǶԵġ
ޱȵ嵽źսնɱȥ
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һ죬ıԼˡǸħ׵ħѪҲͬһ˳ȥڿѪ磬δ
ȻħΪֵ˴󲿷˺һնǼµģֱλѡ
䡭űĺըԾڼɱԾڼ
ΪԷʵ̫ܼˣɱЧʼֱˡ
ȫܣֻһͷǧţűնɱܹʤ
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飡
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ȻЩħѪȫǺηģһնˣһ油
ɵܹնˣǲӦϳģ书ٸߵһȵϳҲζſܾܲԶˣȫִܡ
ȻƮƮ㿴ЩħѪһɳȥʹͬʣҲ̲ס嶯һ㣬ͬڵһ㳯ɳȥ
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ɺͼƮƮ˲͵սһ
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ʵƮƮֻǻָ֮ǰ书ѣûбǿֻһؽսĴʴ߳ɰ˳ɰ룡
ңղɸղնʮ֮Ѿ˲٣ΪͱȼƮƮЩ
ԣһսʼ·硣
ǣɿ֧š
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·ߣʺսƴɱ
ƮƮһҪЧ۹ҪΪ۹սѧ书Ǹ·ߡ
佫ѧȻҲǸ·ߡ
ԣܼƮƮռϷ磬Ͼ书Ͷ٣һû̷ֳʤ
͵սһֻͬڴܣزͬڵһ䡣

䡭
š
Ļڱŷ
ʬɺɣѪ֮䡣
ɫǶڲΪǰδп־һ죬ǰδ𺳵һĻ
û˸ҿֻҶڼйؿͷܹǶɹⳡѣΪ̫ˣȫĩա
µľѾԽԽ١
ʵϣʧ̶ȣһ֧ͱ͸ˡ
ɵľȷʵѾˡ
ǡ
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ܵʿҲͬûͷӬһ㣬ûзܡ
Ȼ׷ױΧǽϵĶűħѪɱ

Ѿ˼ˡ
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Ŀ־ռϷ磬ѹ֮ǰĲʺ͡
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ֻҪĳͷ֮ա
ò˵λν˿ζȷʵͦصģұȺŻ֮ܿ裬ʱҲԲϣ
űˣɺȻе
Щ֪ǼƻǻУôֱ
ƮƮˣ纣ĻܵسűȥһֶۡűúõվָսʱŭҪþȫնɡ
ȵٻͷʱѾʮˡ
ˣˣˡɴ
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ɵתһѾûʣ¶ˣľӼ߰˳ˡ
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ԭűδҪնɱġ
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Ҫ·ˣ
죿ƾʲôңߵ죬˶ŬѪ裿ΪʲôὫ۱Ƶ·ΪʲôűСȴ׻ʤ
ΪʲôΪʲô

ͬھɣͬھɣ
ħѪ󷨣
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ֻҪ͵£ͻᷢ춯صıըը㼾ƮƮʦǿҲܲס
ƮƮ㣬ߡű亰
⻰󣬷иͬھĿ꣬ǾǶű䣬ƴسΧǽȥֻҪ뼸֮ڱըԶűС˹һ书ΪֱӾͱը÷ˡ
ƮƮ֮ʱһ󾪺׷ȥ
ʩչħѪ󷨵ɣٶȿ쵽˼㣬ΪȫȼƮƮҲ׷ϡ
ۿŶűҪըƮƮεѡ
Ѫٶȣֱӳ嵽űǰס
űһЦ乭͵ȥûõ롣
õļͨļմɫҺļ
ಣ
ǣֱɡ
СС˹ļңɴЦץס˶űļҪ顣
Ȼһӣ͵һҺ
Ϊռɿرʴ
ˣħѪҲֱӱֹ
⣬ʲôɴŭ
û˻شˡ
ƮƮһ
ৡ
ĵ
ֱӽɵ֫ȫնϡ
ɫľͷ͢ɫɣ·ֱӰһһ㡣
֫նϣһ˹
λۣǰδеҺ
ͬʱ
սҲӽβ
ħѪڽĽɱ
ú
ɵǧնɱøɸɾնɱ롣
ӮˣԻʹʤ
ű죬ڤϵͳˣ˰ɫνɣ㿴𣿡


219 ϵͳ
ȻϵͳȻɻûг֣öűǳ֮㵡
֮ǰ˵úúõֻҪ˰ɫνϵͳһγֵ𣿶öűΪʹƻߣξϵͳΪһߡ
űڤٻ˼ΣϵͳĹâûɵʱڤξ뿪
ڴʱɷһ󰧺ƴسŶű买ű䣬ɱңɱҡҸξôھкܸģԾԲʧġ
űһ㵣ݵһղҪħѪ󷨺ͬھҪģģ㻹᲻
˵ħѪ󷨣ű䲻ɵóȥСסԼɬرʾǶ֪¡
ʵϣа񹦷Ǵȥġֻڵ̬Ⱦǣֻһ޹СŮǰǸħһ鶼޹ء
ֹ֫ѪȻϺõ˲εǧǧŪˡѺ⵽ʹȻרɶѺϣ뾩ǡű
ǣ
ȻǴͽȴӵͽҲǻʵʹ޵ͽҪѺǣʵɱ
ʵһ굽ͷĶǻϢ˶Ҫˣűպ͸һϲ
ȻûףűʤġֻܶűԼȥףű³˼òˣٱ¼ƿþãһȺ˾صѪȳȾơ
ħѪһ˿ս
ڴʱһϤʵڼƮƮ˲̸壬ս
֮˽Ŷű乪¹ףֻ˻ԻʹʤٶǧȫʤնɱսŽа
űֹˣ֪ҿĪıزӮġ
֮καе߾֮
ںɲô˵ġ
űֽν£
֮߶֣ں֮ززֻǱεشսҵ书ȻʤƮƮˣǿɱҵġĪ书Ҫ߲٣ʵڵγҺĪս˺ƮƮľ棬ǰ֮ززˡ
ټٵģͺѱ
Ī֣ȷʵǲ常ͼƮƮġ
֮˵Ļˣ͸ˡƮƮ常ʵÿ춼㣬㲻غϸҸʱȥŮ֮ʲôȥĳأ
ƮƮһġ
ڱϵ˲Ǻˡ

ڶޱС
һûлȫɱˣ
ԦͷСǺܰ׵ģʱΪʧȥѪɫøˡ
κﶼĵ𾪡
˵滰ûнűһֱèץ뷨ȥԶűġץסԼһŪҧڣȼ£˺Ƭӵ
űֲ֪ߵغС˹ɫֻѨ̶ֻ֮Ѱ·
Ȼû뵽̶̼֮䣬ͽǧУͽνɣȫˡ
ǽһսٴǧȻȫʤ
̫ˣ̫˼ˡ
ԦһֱڲԶһ¥ϹۿսһǹĺڼױʱѾܾˡűӳƿӣը֮
ԦżףҲܹϵһȸС
Ȼۼֻѱŷ֮ʿǣ֫ɡ
Ǹʱ붼нˣ˶ǽӲ
һ̫ˣ֮Ժôս
ΪζűֿµɱԦʵ
Īıء
Ԧ˶޷ƽýָܣĪԼҲܣΪʲôűͿԣҾô̶ʱڣ
ˣ˵ѧԺҵԵһ黭һǸˡ
ԦףҪҪƣڣǳǧʿһ߽ű䳹׽𣿡
ЩĶҡҡͷһЩû꣬ʹˡ
ԦҪȻȥɱű䣬۷弶ʦʦֻа벽֮ң书ҺҲڰɫڡƮƮֻһʦѣˮ׼кܴĲ࣬ɱűӦ׾١
Է
űǿħѪһһǹĺڼ׾´ʦֳȥɱˣȻľ֮ǰɿȫˣɱ˶űк⣿
ȥһĸףȻϱɽǣ
Ȼ̾Ϣ֮űѾһͿԱСˡһݶĶȮˡ

ֻ𾪶ѣɫ֪ɫ԰ף֫ˡ
ȷȷˣȫˣɫ֪
ʦүҰǵ˿ˣɵļǧȫˣͷҲնѳ˾ۡˣǻһӣ׼еʬȫպ
ɫ֪ʱŵøӻ겻壬ôܣôܰű伸ˣôܰɼǧ˶ɱˣһ᲻ֵҰ᲻ֵҰΪɱĶͽ
ǣͽǱƵİǱƵİ֮ǰ֪϶˰Ҳ
ʦү˵ȥҶű黹ûã
ʦүһЦģ֪Ҷ硣
ʦүɫҾᵽȥסǿ϶ǰȫġ
ԣԣԣȥסھȥ

ǧǱߴսʼʱ򣬼ʧˣΪһȥ˵ҡﳭд񽣡ףֻǸʱǰġ
ǵ¼ʮףȻרŵĹܵͿǱߵıը
Ϊ֪һսƮƮսϻΪŮ߻ħûкãⳡսֻøأԶ£۲Ĳ
Լսص档
Ѿˡ
ˣʵ
ӹˡ
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ӵûС
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⻰һ͵һȫŵŴӡ
˻
Ȼ͵صһֻ˻Ρ
ܣܡ
ӵˣʦ߻ħĽҲűκˣȫָ֮ǰ书ˡ
ʱӿ޵ʧ䡣
ԼŮƮƮΨһ죬Ψһ
ŮϷҪΪİٸ˶ű䣬Լ͵ŶűżƮƮҰȻڳ˵һؼҰɡ
һжָ糣ˣ֮þа취ΪŮν
Ȼû뵽ű䲻ûһȫʤκŮƮƮˡ
ζûףƮƮҰԹúܺãַ֮󣬾ͱǶģڶűΪ׽ˣһһǿˣÿпˣ

ŭиӺ޲ýűʬΣʬΣʱκʱҪʹ޶ű䡣
Ȼߴΰ΢΢һҡΡ
ʦӸϽǰס
ȴһƿȻҧгݵȻбܹΪκýҲͲҪˣӽԺ󳹵׶ϾŮϵˡ
Ȼֱϸһ˶
Щ˾ô̬ģǱǺģ½㣬ְ㡣ɹʱΪпܣ׾ѡ
ôһ̬֮ˡ
ʦֻĸ֣ƫ
ڴ˯֮󣬲֪ΪΣֱˡ
ûʦҲġҲڴȻҪսʱǿսһǿԼȫʢڼ7ɡ

ϣűڿ˯һκþˣһ¾˯ˡ
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ɫɫ
ŹӰǷָģȻ󽥽ںһ𣬳ΪһȫµĹӰ֮ǰҪһҲࡣ
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Ӱûҵİ£˰ɫνɣӮˡ
űʵһǶµ·ߣȥ̽ѰĪ屦أܹӮһս
ӰǱصĵͼλԼƽģڶħܹ֮ȻҵĹΪԵԼҵġܵ˵ɫ֪ɵ񡣡
ŹӰ˵ȻߣΪ֮ǰеļƻʧˣǴıһսԣļƻУߣǸߡ
⻰һűξҲ̲סҪ棬ڵȵһˡ
ЩķܶһڻõĽ
ô֮ǰһУֵõġ
ϵͳ֮䣬ʵ˭Ҳ벻˭ġϵͳȻֻжűôһѡˣűֺγÿϵͳ
űҿŹӰۺһģϵͳ𣿡
Ӱԣϵͳȥֵֹġ
ű֮ǰ˵ξԤ֪ξʱʮһµĹܣ
ӰԣһĹܡ


220 ϵͳ¹ܣ
׼ȷ˵ܣѡһҲŲͬķչ·ߡӰ
űֱܣ
ӰĪϵĹЩͣؽףؽսʴҺӦö˰ɣ
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Ӱһܣǵõִطĸ䷽һָȥҲϣνʩʿȵȡѡܴŰҲؽףؽսʴҺ͵ȵȡ
ꣿű侪㵡
Ӱ⻹˵ˣΪЩϵĲɼǷǳǳʱģʩĽˡʿҪʱ͸ˡҪǧأʮ
űͬһ㣬Ĺҵȫ㣬йԮ£ҵϵüʱ䡣
ű·ߵʵ·ߡ
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Ӱԣչر˳̶̼ʱͳһ˰ūΧ׼ӡȡǸΪϵͳ
űΪʲôΥǵ־Ĩɱˣ
ӰҲ˵𣿡
ðɡűҵĵڶѡأ
Ӱۡ
⻰һűһʲô˼
ִ֪νĿۣǵܹӣңӣ΢ӡ
Ӱ۾ǵ۾ɹʱҵĹӰҲһɹڡʱͿԿһתһˣһϻһжһ𡣲ˣԿһڵʯڣбأؽ𡣶һ鷢󣬻ֳ켣㿪ܹ֮ǰ飬Ȼʱ䲻ܳһӣһӺжͶɢˡ
ȥҲǳ죬ǲһô졣
һȥȫΪ֮·
Ӱѡһֹܣ
ű˳˼Ƭ̺֮ǰĻǲǸѡ񣬶ֱѡ񣿡
Ӱǵġ
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ڶ֡Ӱ
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ϵͳȻһ㵣Ȼûб顣
űֻȡɣΪ˺ŸɡսԹ滮·ߣһǷǳǳͬϲġ
ϵͳĬƬ̵֮ѡۣΪ֮ܿҪˡףõϣڱڤҲõϣ
ڤɣű䲻ɵһ㵣Ҫȥڤɣ
ڤɣΪĺڶ´󲿷־Ʒؼڱڤɣ󲿷ֵʦϸڱڤɣĵ˼Ͷڤйء
Ժ˵Ӱһߵ֮·ڵ˵ʱԼ书ǿʲôʱͻʦǿˣҾͻѵһܽ㣬Ǹʱſ֮·
űֲ췴
Ӱ֮·δؾ췴
űǺãѡ۹ܣ
áӰ
Ȼ󣬶ű֮ںȻһ׹һƬհס
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ҹӰһηɢкɫǲֹӰֱ뵽űɹأԺͳפˡ
ѹҪŹӰűҪξϵͳܴﵽ֮Чġ

Ǳ߶űʼճڤ
ƮƮ˯ʱֱڶǧߴϲĵطűϲڷ棬·ʲôƵá
ڴʱĴʦּҴҵ˽ʦãˣʦȻˣԴ𡣡
ƮƮվ̨ףֱӴݶԾ棬ͬƱһû
ôã书ôߣôͻȻƮƮе
ʦֵֻ뿪֮ʦȻϲ˵ᣬÿ춼Բ·ֻǺƾƣÿ춼˯šűʤһκ˽֮ʹҲҪˣԶʧȥŮˣͲˡ
ƮƮˮʱӿ޵ôܣԶҾĸףԶŮȻǵЩֲͬıҺĸŮ֮飿
ʦֵĲҩҽʦϽȥʦϸֻҪһȥʦ֤̺ġһµġ
ãȥƮƮȥͶű˵һ
ʦּеʲôʱˣʮ˰
ƮƮȥűķ˵һڤ룬֪ܴţһֽű䣬һῴҸˡ
ȻҴҵطصС

һ·ϣƮƮôϣװŻԼģȻȵʱ򣬷ָ׼Ĳˣɫ԰ףִŲ̬죬Եú΢
ƮƮ۾һȻƹͷȥѾϾŮϵˣ㻹ʲôҾˣҲòҡ
ƮƮһס׵֣ͶĻ޵ףǧŮĴ㲻ҪŮһʶֻҪܹôԣ
㲻ҵһÿɽ𣿶ű˲𰡣߻ħĽκãﻹҪףͿ׵ȥˡ
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仰ü΢΢һĿҲһЩ
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ǽ̻Իͣǻƽģֵǣ̵ש飬ȻҲһ
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˼Ҵ۹ʵ۵ĽǵϵĽשǼٵģĪһԷİɫŮȻĻƽ棬ţ治ţ棿
ŮˣܼҰ
Ҳҿűûиƽ𣬷Ҫׯ԰ÿһϻƽ
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ĪҰС㣬űմȫʤѾȫ𡣡
ĪΣƨ£
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ĪҰͷǣ
Ī֪ΪΣҲ˻֣˳ȥ
ȥ֮ĪҰԽ𵽰֮⡣
ʱھֻжűĪˣ

Ī屦شӮɣĪʵЩĪȵģ
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Īڻʣ¶٣ȫң
űһ˹һûҪҪˡ
űһΣ˵һѪħΣ
Īһ㵣ֶűΪ֪飬ȻΣ
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ܡĪնܾˣȻЦħĻ֮ͺʮǰҸһҪѪħξˣΣҪȵˣԽҪܵ飬ҶҪȥ
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ܣǱĪĶȵĶҵĶĺ̰ĪЩ㻹Ҿ쾭ģѪħΣͲҪˡ˵ˣʹ飬ҶҪȥ˭ң
ʱ̸˽֡
ҶԷȫһԲŮѾȫ޷ȥˡ
ڴʱűڵĹӰĪ书ߣȫûнûκηðٷ֮ʮĶϻӰ˲乥ڵءȻϣðƴµǸλãһһߺСɣҲˣҲˣ
ű˲һ
ԲŮĪѵŰ񣬱һ߳һΣ͹ԹˣǻС˵веľ飬޼СìܿԻ⣬ĵˣǸܵģûôҲûаֺøС
ӰңؼһߴһҪСɣҲˣ
ĪȥűһӰµĳλȻ״
С˹ɣòκζ˱ĺ͵⣡
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Īһͽűȫɳȥ
Ȼû뵽һǰδе͵س;
䡭˲䣬ʱһƬհףʧȥзӦ
Ӱ죬죬ľ̫ͣʹöϻӰ㡣Īܸߣò˶þָܻ̳ȥס򣬾ͬ˴СһסһҪСһһߴһ麰СɣҲˣҲˣ
ű͵ҧ㱻ϵͳˣҲˡ
ȻٵسȥĪԼϣ׼´Ȳλ
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һߴһߺСɣҲˣҲˣ


223 ߳ĪȻ
űɲװģش򣬶򣬺޲ýð֡
̶̽Ӵ⼸գűıԲŮҪѪˡκòץᣬ϶
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ϵͳ֣űڴ˼Ҳӵ֡
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Ҳ֪ΪΣűϵͳĿ¾ȻߣɶűȫİߣҳУִ۰
ԲµõӦڸӵߡ
Сɣ㻹Ҳˣ㻹Ҳˣ
Ī˼󣬿ˣˣ
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СǸ׸ӸȡţԼŮŮ
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ʱĪĸй˸ı䣬֮ǰĪӰ˾Ѷֻ֮ǵ˵һ֪ˡűһĸ֮ˣڿȫˣĪǸףĸĪӰΪĳԭ򣬲ûʲô飬˺⣬Ѷ֮󣬺
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ʱűĹӰǧҪǧҪ
ȻűʱȨˣ񾭲ҪʲôʱԸԺϵͳŸɡ
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Ȼ͵һҪն϶űԴ
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ԣӵĺǱڻĽҰ⣬ĪԶʹ
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뿪νĪɿܵУ뿪˰ɫǣߵɽȥ
ԽԽԶԽԽԶ
Īνո˵󣬸ͲĶűĳȥ
ңǸոܹűľȻüͷԵЩܣ޴󰭣治֪Ů˵ľߵεȵز
һٶĪڲͷ˵ƭҵĻұ֤ʬεġ
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죬ԲŮȻûӵģһ壬ҲһԵġ
Ƭ̺󣬴ӿݾ洫һѹֵ

һֱޣһֱޣһֱޡ
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бһߺǣ˺۵ĺǡű䲻֪Īƾʲôһ϶׸ӵĺǣ֮ߺȷʵкܴԣĸߴ󣬱Ǿֱ˺ۡ
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ȻŹײߣűں档

صνĪʱѾһκˡ
Ī׸ӵĺǹڴ֮ڣ֮תƵĪϵĵĹ֮С
Ӧúܺ棬ҶĸĪӰŲʰɣĪȻʵ
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ûĪֱ˵
лҸˡű
šĪղŴңѵôˣ
űһ㵵ǣ
Īǰһѽű䰴ڵϣ𽣱Ŷűĺȣһ
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ԲŮñȶű仹Ҫݡ
űһˣһŮ˰ڵϴĺá߳ܰ
˼ʮºĪˣˡ
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һֱΪֹ֮Ŀǳģűô˷ǳΣգûбֳκȷĵѹϵ
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⻰һĿⶼű
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ʱɫӿһϲȻӵŶű˼Ĳ֮ڡ

ʱļɺ֮ǰһ˼״̬ǿĹסԼ
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ѪҲɿԿ˿״һʡ
ʱѪħη·˲˹ˮƴζƴҪӳȥ
Ȼᵽħζ
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ಡ˲䣬룬ʧӰ١
ˣסһС
ѪħδõʱˡѪֻ̳ԼڵĶҺСȥκһطνκһѪܣëϸѪڵĶҺһԽҺϴøɸɾ
ĸʦֵܣϼƮƮˣ۾żɫм
˵Ҳ
̶ʮӺ󣬼ɫѾԽԽÿ֮ǰµģ
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ƮƮǸΪλû
űżЦֻʦǲԸġ
⻰һ΢΢һ
Ȼ˫ۣĿ⸴ӵŶű䡣



224 Чң͡񽣡
ʦˣʱƮƮչˡű乪Ȼȥ
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Ѿǿ˴뱲ˣζôˣҲպðⱲӿ֧ŵļӷ¡
ƮƮ뿪˵Ļʵ֪ǶԵģҾǲԸϡǰδеĿʵҸûĿռ䣬һһһɲܿƵΧ֮ڣǸʱҪôЧҪô㾡ȫҡ
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ٱһֱǼĵһ롣
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ʦʱصĸģŻıɱ˾ң˾ϰһ˳Ļܹһ̶ϼϵĲ衣

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225 ű֮񽣣

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226 ٣ָ̻۷磿


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ʵûѾ˫۾»ʵǻˣѾŸ컻ˡ
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Ǹ̫Ȼһģһ򳻹Ҫ㲻ҪҲҪߵ̫֮صġ
׹ǣ

ϣһ·۳ң۳ң۳ҡ
ƮƮڱϺȻűܵܣҿһ·Ͻ֮ˣֻһڵĻʵ۵壬ֻһҪȻʵۣҪôǽȥϷҪôȥ̫ӣҪôȥǰֵģʵ۲ֵ˵У͸˵ˡ
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ʮǰʵۺͻʺ˵Цúõġ
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̫ҽжϣⲻз磬Ҳжʲô֢ȫö֪
űҽǣҲǸʦѧϰһѧ֪ʶѡ
û˸ҶԶű䱧ϣѩͤмöűһԵĻʺ
ʺ֮öűһԣȫΪűԼˣ֮һĿء
Ȼȵű俪ʼʵۿʱ򣬻ʺ֮һĿԶûˣΪһжûС
ͤǰӣ㻹Ǻ֣һи̣㸸׽
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ֶɫ֮࣬ʼղƴغˣƴضܣ
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ڵĶԽԽŨԽԽŨԽԽ죬˫ԽԽ
žડ
ڣĳһ˲䣬ֱˤ˳ȥ
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Ȼ壬͵һȥ
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һ죬ĽֱӱɳȥѪȻݺ׹ڵϣڶűĲԶ֮
ߴҰļٺֶ⿪¶а̹壬س׵ӣҶ㳯˼ĺʮˣ˳ҵ˼һϲɣ֤оⱲӶ׻ˡ
˯ˣû˯ڤɵӣˬˬˬ
ѪŶűɱңűɱң
žžžֶռָסѨá
ɱ㣿ôܣֶС书õ˼㣬۷ʦȫѨסˣܹɱ㣿
ţűСүŮɵģľ֮С
ȻֶץסӿĵۣҪ͵س˺
ʱűϵͳĿ£忪ȫסѨ
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⻰һֶɫ䣬ǾܣǰСλ֪
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Ҫʱ򣬶ȵסѨɼС֮
֪ţܵŮҲ⣿űСΪλ֪
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Ȼֶƣ͵һƾҪűΪࡣ
ಣ
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񽣣֮
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232 ģǴ
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۷ʦȥûʣ¶٣οűһƷʿأ
ֶЦȫѶűʳָҪ¶ű乥ţҲûκ
ԣֶɴ󲽿ڣҪһƽű
Ȼ
ಣ
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۴̡׾ٵش͸ֶĶһ֮
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ʲôţ
֮ûһĵطͽš
ű̴ֶͺ񱻴Ƶһ㡣
ȫΪк
һʼӿĻΪѪ쭡

ֶĲҺһʼųѪڴڵѪӿ
û뵽ֶݺһͷȴһ书ôСУֶЦС͸Ӿ͹ˣл
˵գһѪֶر

ֶ֮Щ˼Ŷű䣬˽䱸ֳһĿ־塣
ڵֶħɢѾȫûκε֮ˣűҪһʲôֹġ
еҩͼƮƮʱһ
ƮƮ㵱ʱȫޣͬɽ緢һȫ޷ѹơ
ʱеħɢȻȣҰ룬ҲЩơȴѵģֶ̬ҪѵʱŹ񫡣
ƫƫħɢŮЧȫЧֶħ̸ָղ˴ħɢǵûȫ࣬ͬ˼Ѫһ㣬ս
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˵Щʱ״̬ˡ
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ϸһʱѪעĵ۱ֶ˺һ㣬ѩ׽¶档
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ԣһҲҶҲű䡣
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Ҫű亰Ұ񱼡
׷׷׷ħ̵ĵǷ׷
ȻǵٶȵҰ̶Ƭ̾ͱ˦ò֪Զ

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ȻʼˣǾҪλűԽĵҲˮϴɾȻû濾ˣٸ滻ϡ
ɻʲѣԽԽ죬·ԽԽΣա
Ż⣬űԥҪҪȻԼذɫƮƮ϶ˡ
ӰǧǧҪ֮Աħ̸岶ɱΪһܣֱӹϵݾ
ˣ滹ֱӹϵһݱܿڤɵ׷ɱ
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ͣǸǴ󷨡ű侪㵵ܹѱڹɣΪõġǴ󷨡
ӰԣǸǴ󷨡ͱڤɵһʦͬˡǴ󷨡䣬Աư
űǴ󷨡ҲǴ˵ؼҲҪջصϹ
ӰҲʱΪͻƵΨһϣҪʮͻʦԣһһҪΪʦ
űǴ󷨣Ҳ֮ǰȡֿԭֽʲô
Ӱ޹
˵ؼűѾȫܵˡ
⡶񽣡ͲִС˵ϵġ񽣡ܹģǿͬBUGһ
Ǵ󷨣Ǻε֮ˣε֮BUG
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ӰԣһһҪΪʦһҪΪ׽֮ˣ㿪ڤɵΨһԿף;
֮ǰűʩչ񽣡ʵ̫ˣʱҲԵýƣɵˮ̶һ˯һʩչ澭ָ

գĵ
Ȼֵط֣Լ˪ɹѩһı۰һ¶档
ˣĽצһزŶű䡣
ʱŭҪűʬΡ
ţޱط֣űʱͬСһ㣬ƴһƴضɧš
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ҪˣҪˣ


233 ĸڤ
ҪˣҪˣ
棬˿֪߳ܰ
ʮף޲űԽԶԽã·ܸ߳оͻᵭһЩ
ʱűڵ˯
һҹڵħɢڱɢˡ
ŵͷһС˿ھȻˣ˿ڶϺˡˣϵĵҲϴøɸɾ
ζţԼ屻ű俴ˣ
뵽治ɵɫһ䣬ҰοűϾһС̫࣬㲻ˡ
ֻŻΨһԼġˡ
뵽΢΢Щ죬Լ˼ʮ壬ȻһʮС̫ˡ
ȫ޲ġ
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飬Ŷűá
ʵȫ޷⣬űȫǳУΪιؼʱ̲Ҫ
ҵʱ򣬾Ȼܣ
űж󰡣ʱ˯ţܣ
ڤҪɱץűģòҵȻܣ
ʱ棬޷Զű䣬Ŷűãű䣬һԹҲŹһҪڤɵץסɣ˱ڤɴ𵺵ɱģһȥᾡͨ¡ֻ
ȻôƮȻԶȥ
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ʱűԾ˯Ϊ澭һʩչ˵ľȫ״̬ȫëȫſԪ
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ǽϵͳļƻӦμȥ
뿪֮һѩ׵ӰƮȻֹ
ŮᣨʵЩĿҲӳݶűĻӦûᷢһ˳úǾĪֻǳݶĪĪҪ֣ɼ˺εȳ̶ȣ
Ǽȼľɫ
ĪӰ˾ãһֱĪϼ֮ĵĪ
꣬һݣħУڤĽߡ
۷ʦǰĪĴʦ
ɽ֮ᵽȥĺۼʱĿһˣȻ
ȻĿڶűϡ
С̫࣬Һ¡ĪֱӳŶűնɱȥȻǶ˵ֱҪɱ֮
ŮˣǺһз֡Ǵ󷨡䣬Ȼħ̺ıȦҪǸˡ
ǽһ룬ͣԥűϣĺһģԼһƥﳤȥ
УӰʼտŶű䴦ڻ˯У·ʲô֪
֮ڤ񣬼

ڤɣĺڶ
κ࣬һбڤɵĵӣԼǱڤɵĵӡ
ڤɣӵĵҩؼĵѨؾ
걱ڤƾһڤ󷨿˱ڤɣһǧʱȥˣֻ֪ڤɴȫ֪ν뱱ڤɣ·һ㡣
ڤɷּרŸӴĳ֮Ϊ𵺡
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һ仰˵ֵߡ
һЩ˸ΪãЩ˸ɱ
һΣűɱɣ˵˼Ч˻ʵۣƻ˱ڤɵĳЩƻ˴ɱ
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ǱڤɵĴ𵺡
˵ԶһܡǱڤɵĸ߽׵ӣԶ֪뱱ڤɵ·
һûǽڣܷ羰续Ψ񷶥ϻ˱ڻɺȥ
ʯذȷǿյģ޾ԨԨľͷǿµӿҽ
ڴףΪɽƣ̫ϣڶű䶼ס
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ű䣬ɵɫ΢΢һ䡣û뵽߶ű䲻ãĪֽץˡ
ű䣿ڤɴ𵺵ùһᣬϸط
Ȼű仹ûļ֮ڡ
ҵˣƻұڤöӵˣ˷
ʱڤɸǰҪԶű䴦̡
ϽǰűұڤɵĶɱ˶ѡұڤ£ӢţűŻ磬Ϊá
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Ӧǳ͢ѫӱС㣬űĸ׼֥
֥վλǰ棬Ȼڴǰĵλ滹ҪһЩ
ʦ㣬ű츳ǳ֮ߣֱΪӣһҲɻɸΪ񲯣Σ
Ŀ֥Ŷű侹ȻĶӣˣԸǽ𣿡
ʱһŮӵ
űδ޷Цű䣬֮ǰǰòУѾͶżҳ׾ôΪ˱סСȻͽἧ֥ʦˣأ
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ԤӰɰԭƻ䣬ʵؼȫڱڤϣ־ţſڱڤֶ츣ˮΪǡ
ʦ㣬űϾӣѵԸ֪ĸһЩԹϾѪŨˮ
֥߳Уűǰ
ӣϴھǵľһƳҲܾúܾûмˡ
ȻӱǧС㣬ʱͽ뱱ڤѧϰˣʮʱݱڤɺͼָʾ޸˶Żޣ˶ַܲ꣬صڤɡ
Ϊ츳ܸߣķΪ룬һڶżңһڱڤɡ
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Ŷűã֥ű䣬˵̸ع𣿡
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֥Һ㸸Ҳ̸飬ûͬ⡣ˣضżҡұڤɱ¼еļȽϵͣ츳ֻҪΪڳʹһ˵ĵӣ̡
űϤİŮˡ
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֥Ӻ΢΢һʱڱڤɣͻƵĹؼʱ̡
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֥㲻Ҫ󣬹ȥ飬ȥ
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Ȼ󣬷ż֥ţҵʦ壬ҷȰ㲻ҪСũߵĹݡ
֥ŶűξعżңԼΪΪͽΪѾ˵ϵӣҿʦΪͽһǱڤɵĵӣȻҲԴӱڤɵɱ
űҾܾ
ڻعżң常ںεأ¾Ļʵ۱ںεأűΪ˸Ϊδöű鹳ϡ
ڻعϣǾǴʵۡ
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𵺵ȨǷǳǳģƹźһн͵һ¼ͿԾ˵
ԣڤ߸ϣ翡ס
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֥书Ȼߵģȴܵĳ谮ԭϣߵġ
ʱĪŶűҪʮ֮ǰ;
֥ŶűұϾĸӣѪŨˮԲĸףҲܲӡҽһΣӽԺҾͶ
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ʱԵЩΪѡ
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ҪǣűʼպͱڤɲһĵġȻڤΪ˲£ŶΪӣҵӣȨ֮Ҹһ򾡡
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ԣЩӦ
֥ʦãһ͵ԶǷһ顣δʵĻҲԽǽҲǣ㡣
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ԶűǺܸӵģȶűо֮ǡ
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űҧҲ֮ʳңʹƻߣ𣿡
ӰǣѾɹ˰ѾɹӱڤɵɱˣѾɹ뱱ڤˡ
űϵͳҵ
űֱǰʦ㲻ΪѡҾǡᣬûбҪһǣԺһޡ
ű֥ǰŮʿҲҪΪ׵ȶҡҶűȻ˶ϣǾͲܶϵκζݣԼԼȣҪκˡ
󣬶űǰεǱڤɻǰԵ˵ɱ˭ɱ˭ɱ۹ͽɣ뱱ڤɺθɣ˵ʦЧһʵ۱£㱱ڤɺθɣ㱱ڤʲôȨ׷ɱңʲôȨҵּɱ֮ϣΪұ㱱ڤǻʵ̲ͥ𣿡
⻰һȫ˳ɫ䣬һֱޱ
ִƴʮ꣬ƿʮ꣬ûбô߳ûбô
ҵֻԼУУ㻹ûʸ񣡡


234 ű֮ӣħ
ĲǶűϹװơ
ȣű䶼ѾͶżҾˣܶżҶʲô֮ԶżңԷ䳰ȷ
ΣȫĲ鲻ԸģűΪǿѣűûо֮ãƫƫűо֮
ϵͳ滮·ߺܺã̫ˡ
δ˴̼ڤɵ飬Ǹʱ潫űǽڤɱűֽκΣ
ԣűҪһݵؽ⡣
ϵͳʩBƻɣű֮ǰǲԤģһ𣿲ǻϳɹ𣿡
ӰȷʵԤģҲ֪ǲ֪ǵԤģ⣬ǰٷ֮׼ȷģһһͷˡξУֻԤһͱжˣðϵ̫ˡ
ȴһݵؽ⡣űϵͳ֮ǰ㲻ֹһΰվһɡ
ӰĬƬ̵ǶͶԽ࣬ԽǽˡϿɹϣԽ󣬾Խðˡ
űǣɴ߶д˵ģ𣿡
ӰĬõ˵ʹƻߡϾǰ·˵㣬ʩBƻ
ӰBƻħʽʼ
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ʵģжϣɹʰٷ֮ʮϡʧܺǡ

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𵺵ɱУֻ켶˷ŻֿܵµĴʽ
ȻűֻǶ˷켶˷Զúܡ
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Ըӣ˷ֻܶĿУű䱻𵺵ʿǵøɸɾ
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ϵԽԽۣԽԽۣ
ԽԽԽԽ㡣
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𵺣ͬҹĻһ㡣
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Զϣκˣ
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ÿĵ㣬һо罵١
ʮ֣
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ڿγɣħгɹһﵽٷ֮ʮ壡

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䡭
ݲɽɽ
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̣
ȻűξԤݵһԶԶˡ


235 𺳣⣡űԵ
ǷǳƽģԶűûκ˺ΨһǷ紵ȸȸ
ڿµУűڸ߿ͬĩյһĻ
Ƕű֮ħУ
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ξϵͳ⣬ûݵĴ˾Ȼز
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˵ǳδ֪ģַ·עģǲɱ㣬ǡҲΪڤɵĻԼգҪôãҪôµ

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Ŷű۾۾Ѿȫˣ̶ͬһĶס
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˫Ѫ̶һ۾

⣬ռܣҿ׷ѰϰܣȻ
ңˣ
ҿ˲ÿĶҵԪ쵽ͷˡ
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ӣҾˡ˵öԣֻԼܹգ
¡¡
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һŴ޾ĺôһŴ֮ء
һоͬԼˣԼѡף
ƿһţߵģұߣɫģǰɫģ


236 ޴ջϰ
űǰʯš
Ǻɫģұǰɫġ
ϵͳӦѡһأűʵ
ȻϵͳûκλӦ·һ㡣
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ȻϵͳûлӦűͽڤ磬ξԤݡ
Ȼ
ʧЧˣ
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ˣҪȫԼѡ񣬾ͬȮʦһһƾԼ־һƾԼǻۡ
ű۾
ߵǺɫģұߵǰɫġ
һ
űƾԼ⣬ѡߺɫ֮š
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ֱĳЩսʤ˺ڰ߳һ֮·̫档·Լûô·Ҳδȫȷģʼǰеġ
ԣűһѡߵĺɫ֮ţ
Ҫڰںڰ̽Ѱҵһ·
ѡɫ֮ţǴŴʱǹģȻⲻʵ

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ʵϣű䲻ѧϰġ񽣡ǡ澭Ҫǿöࡣ
ǡ񽣡ȫBUGһĴڣ
Ǹ˽ϣʲǰǲ֪貨΢Ƶġ
ǻֻ֤һ飬ڤɵݻɣ
ţűĿڵڶϣҲһؼ
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׼ȷ˵书ؼͬһBUGһĴڡ
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ⲻǷؾһǷطľ

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κ˶ռΪС
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۾һνڤ磬ϵξϵͳűľǱϵġ
Ĺؼ裬ȻҪԼߵġ
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ŵĺ棬һſµŨɫŨ
綾綾
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Ǹ߶ű䣬ֻѡµ·ʸѡأ߹ؼ汸
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ʱֱƮȥ֮⣬һʯϡ
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ܶЩϮ壬ʱ֮£
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绨ŪӰӳˮһ㡣
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һصĳںǰֳţ
һд죡
һдأ
ؼʱˣ
ű䣬ָѡ
ѡ죿ѡأ
ѡ֮أ
ѡȷ֮ô


237 ֮Ѫ
ʱűѾ֪ѡԡ
֮ţŰ߸ϡ
֮ţǫС
ôűǰ
ʣűǽġЩʱ򣬹ڽԼ˾޴Σա
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ڽȻʵ۱µʱĶףű̬Ⱦͷǳǫ̸
ʵ۲űΪ۹оʱ򣬶űǳϻ̳ϿֵģΪǴ۹ʷǰδеģű䵣Ļʵ۴޴ѹ
ԣűǽģҲǫģǰָ߸ϵġ
ôӦѡ֮š
űһƿߵ֮š

ƿŵһ˲䣬űǽŵģ֪ȴԼĽʲô
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239 ű䱦⣡Ϊ
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䡭
Ȼ͵ѿһһɫĻ
꣬һּȿµ
ಡ
ʮٸǧ
޾ɫ˺գʣݺǰÿһ
˲䣬ǰһжݻˡ
ѩɽۼĽصȵȡ
ɫĻռһУݻһУ·綼ȼա
䡭
ɫĻԽԽԽԽ
Ȼһž޴ɫ棬͵ҵűͷ

ű䱾ܵؽ֮Ѳص
Ȼ󣬿µɫ潫ȼա
ǰһл濪ʼŤʼ˺ѣ
ţǰҷ
űصʵ


űһУ͵۾
İʧˣΧһжʧˡ
Ȼ˽ϵʯڣһμ˵ʯҡ
˽ϵڶűͷ
űĴ㵸УУС
·ոմһξһ㡣
һλúʵ˺ѵĸо
̧ͷǸˣѾ
ʱΪû̶һ۾ȷʵѪסˡ
һűղҾһУǾþ
˵ͷԣǾþ
űǵһأڶأأĹǾþʵģ
˵Ǿþδزʵġ
űʲô˼
˵Ͽδδ֪ΰδҿȻҿƵδĸؾѡðաһǿԣǶδʾ
ű䵽ʲôʾ
˵ҿľôģʲôʾҪԼ򡣡
űҾĹǼٵģǾþΪĸоΪΪĸоҵʴͻƣ
˻ٵʱ档
ű˵ҾؾǼٵģǾþһнģ
˻ԣģ貨΢ģھþҰؼ㡣׼ȷ˵ѡˡ貨΢
űѡĲǡ貨΢ǡڤơ͡ǬŲơأ
˵˵ȻǾþǼٵʱ棬ھԼˣľҲˡ
ûаѻ˵꣬ǶűҲ˼
űʵϴ跥أ֮ѪĽɫأ
˵Ҳġ
ű㵵֮Ѫ
˵ռʦԤ֪˺ܶ顣ʱǳ̰аֶλȡ֮ѪȻֶÿһ˶õġҵõˣûãһֱ浽ڣȻ㣡
ű䲻ɵһ۾ܵڲ
Ȼظо֮ѪĽɫ
Ϊ㲻ãȴãűʵ
˵Ϊѧϰڹ޷ǿ߹㡭ȴԡһж⣬ҵõ֮ѪȴΪ׼ġ
űĬƬ̵ڵأҵΪƷµʿͻƵƷµʿǿģ
û˵ͷһۡ
űҲͷһۡ
ط֣λѾһ޴Ŀն
Ϊȫɢˣ
ʦΪȫֶɢˡ
ͬʱĪӰ˾һɢȫ˶ű䡣
ǰˣҲɢ˵е˶ű䡣
Ȼ޷ֱӴֻɢʯڶޱŨȻűġ澭ɿתɡ
Ϊ˵书ĪӰ˾̫߳࣬öűƷµʿƷµʿ
ǣоųɾϵȫɢˡ
űˣΪʲôҪ
˵ΪϾҪˣΪϿһΪ˷Ҳ˷ѡҪǣԸȫ㣬ֻΪһ΢Ŀġ
űʲôĿģ
˵Ҳһƴڤɣǿδܹ͹ۿڤɣҪΪеĵִԱڤɳĳ嶯ҽֻδҪԱڤƫδܹƽضԴڤɡ
űȰڤɣ
˻ڤҵļңĺڶޱаģһӴô˿ľͽֻֻƬצδĳɾ͸ˣվλøˣܿڤˡҲǰԱڤκУδվڸߴ֮ԼԼжϡ
űͷãͬ㣡δһƽضԴڤɣƫ
ţűǵĹصĻ֮ѣ˪֮أ
ڶű˵ȫջ񣬱貨΢֮ѪĽ书֮ѶҪööࡣ
ֻһͻѶű䵱ɸĸȵǳɳʱǽǺε֮ǿ󣿽ǶűεȾ޴֮
űո֮ѣʱԼ˫ֳģͷһ
ԼһŻɫ֮ѣһűɫ֮ѡ
ǾȻĴڵģűʱޱ֮ϲ
˵ǴռʦܹռԤܶ顣֪˻޺ͱ˪޵Ĵڣ̰ʱ䣬ֻǿɱǹھ֮ǰǰԼ˳˵ϡ
űûаи㣿
˵ʱֻһɵ̰߶ѣҶԶҳֻ̫֡ǿˣһעǡֻеֻȫ֮ҲŸҹذֻ֮͵
űӵ֮Ѷˣ
ʮˡ˵
űûз
ûС˵ҲǷİ취
ޱȿɱǴռʦͨռõ˺ܶ౦ұûʸҲûлԵӵǡ֮Ѫˣ֮Ҳˡҵõ˺ܶ࣬ȴĥԽԽʹ࣬ҸоκεĿֱ֡һ㣬ҵıʧˣҵĶʧˣҵʧˡҳκζͬɳһ㣬κζһɸҴκξ˶ͬһ㡣ҵĳͷͷʮ꣬ʮ꣡Ȼҽˣ֪ҵʹ֪ܶණңעҡ
ʹűȫ󣬾޷ᡣ
˵ԣ֮Ҳ͸ˣϣǸлԵ֮ˡܹǷܹǻصԼ硣
űͷе֮ѣлϡ
ţűʵκܹǷϢ𣿡
˵˪Ҫηȫûκͷǻ޵ķȥ۹Ļħȥ˵һ»Խ
ű۹Ӧһضǿĵ۹ͳΰɣǷϵĻ˵ĵ۹
˵ԣԷڱڤɵĵλ⡣۹ǳǿ󣬶ҶԴ۹ûʮİǰҷȰǧҪ
űʵħڹ۹
ҡͷҾͲö֪ˡ
ţ˵㿿һЩ
ű俿Щ
˵ӦúȮʦһѾ񴫳и㣬ҵľ̫ɺͺڰ㱾ѾǳˣҲٽڰһӡҿԴ͸㡣ӡǣͲɱˣʹˡ
Ȼ˵ƳһķţڰɫķӡǣԼС׭ֺΪһ塣
䣡
˽ĵӡǰڶűĶͷϡ
ڰһ
ӡֱڶűĶͷ֮ϣɢŹĽ⡣
֮ӡǽʧˡ
ӽ֮ұڤɵˡ˵ڤôӴ󣬽ֻһڰĹµΪҷ˴ʹҪܵǴ𵺵ĿƺͼӡҿԸ㣬ڤʷ
ű侪
ʷϣΪڤӣһûУ
ȻȴճΪڤ
űҲռδҲǴռʦҲܵ𣿡
Ŷű䣬㲻ռδȻδҪĲռ
һ
˽ϵҿҪˣ
·һʹֻΪӭĵȻһЩʾ㣬һЩˡÿɱǡδ㹻ΰҵҲٿɱͬΰ󡣡
Ҫˣס㾭ĹؾǾþĳ̶ֳǶʵģǴδʾ
ҪˣһжˡϣδܹƽضԴڤɣټ
˵գ
̶һ۾Ҳʧˣӵ͵һʧˣ׵ױ֮ˡ
Ȼ󣬴ͷȥ
λãһ޴Ķף
һΣ˽׵ȥ
űΪļ̳ߣΪ˱ڤµ



243 ʮƣűĸ
ʱűϽڤٻξϵͳ
Ӱһڡ
űҵӵˣ
Ӱʮţ
űһ㵣ôģ֮Ѫϴ跥Ӧòֻôһɣֻ19ʡ
ȻѾǳǳˣű֮ѪӦòֹһġ
Ӱ֮ѪȷʵֹЩ㵱ʱΪֻܳϴ跥ٸһĻȫͻᱬѶˡ
ѹ֣ʣһ󲿷֮ѪĽ˶űĵ֮ڡ
ű˽϶δʾȷ𣿡
ӰҲȷҲȷΪܶ㶼ᰴǵĹ滮ȥߣǻѭԼѡ񡣵ÿһѡ񶼺;þһѭԼĵ־ʾǱȽȷġɳѡδһ𣿡
űһ㡣
ӰҵĽǣڹؼʱԻʾ󲿷ʱ̣㻹ǽǰɡ
űǳͬһ㣬Ҫκζ㣬νδΨһľǲϵı仯
űС֮ѷںغã⽫Ķˡ
Ȼʼʯҡ
һӣһһžӨ͸ӡ
ʲôűʵ
а顣ξϵͳǴĳǿõģűͷųһų󲿷ֵĶߵİȫ
ű䲻ɵһ㵵ô棿
ξϵͳΪֻһĵѨ֮ڣö֮۽ôһű飬ܹ岻ܶϮҲ˸ռˣ취ɱֻޣʳűа顣
űֵǡ
Ӱԣֵǡ֮ͿȥܶѨ̽ҵ˲öʱҲɿ԰Ȼ
˵һжڶűˣôűаҲˡ
űַ˺һؼһдĸ֣󷨡
ɵôΪ㵣书ؼȥ·Ҳǻָ۷Ķ
ɵôһȻǻָ۷ġ
Ӱ˽ΪͨռõĶгͷʧȥ˵ѵʧˡʱཿ檣ʧȥ˵ʹʮ꣬ͼд󷨡Ҫָ˵ǽһֱڳͷʧȥζʧȥʧȥסȶԣʧȥ˵۷˵ͱ΢ˡҲ뿪Ȿ󷨡Ͳ֮ˡ
ű䷭棬Ȼһǿհ׵ģûдꡣ
űһĲӣһʱ͵һ㵡
Ϊһ򵥵ȫĵͼдŻƽ֮Ĺ
ƽľ棡
ûҲһľ棬ֻһʷһǡ
һϣֻ65꣬˰ʮꡣ
һϣͳһ˼ǧƽأɹŵ۹ĺ󱲡ľλʱζûд
Ȼϣľһ˴˴ŷޣޡ
ʮʱĪرС֮ʮ꣬۹Ҳķѣƽ۹ĻԻҲҷ
űƽľ棬Ƿֲģ
ӰĬƬ̣ͷǣǷֲɾ͡ҲǵʧܡȻӢۺɨ˵ʱ֮һ硣ĿȽϾִ٣һŰ統ûжĸ޷ʹһ־޴ϰ
űԣĨɱˣ
Ӱʵϣҵ˼ǿľǺľϵ
űͬȮʦ
ӰЩƣȻϵǣɿԶľĨɱƽľǿľޱǿľʹҪĨɱҪޱȾ޴Ĵۡ
ţơ
űջˡ
ӰԣˡĴ̿ɱˡ
磿ű侪㵡
ӰĬƬ̵Ҳ֪ǷӦڸ㣬ڷֲ㡣һǿڷĳʵۣĳڷɿǿǻΪĵطɿɳʮ֮ھͳΪ۹ĵһǿߡ
һ֮սűʵ
ӰһԪ֮ս֮ս֮սΰ󣬸ӿ¡
ű˽ϵСӣдż֣˵ؼʮơпڻƽĹС
űһ㵡ʮơʲô
ӰĬõҲ书ԭҲ֣һѧϰ˾á磬͸Ϊˡʮơ
űһѧϰģҲǵҲǴԽߣ
Ӱԣһǧǰˡ
ű˵书ؼʮơ𣿡
ӰĬ˺һġ񽣡𣿡
ű죬ֱǸBUG
Ӱʮơ죬սϳ񡣡
űʱһǰɣ
񽣡Ѿ쵽زˣʮơҪǿǣǵõʲôز
ӰʮơҲǡʩչ֮۷ԲʮеԪΪΣȻ͵
űʱˣȫˡ
񽣡죬ҲֻԼѡ⡶ʮơȻ۷ԲʮڵԪζ
Ѿ书ˣǳɱˡ
ԣһսʩչʮơ죬ɱ˶ΪˡӰѧϰߵѪҪǳǳߣǡľǻƽѪǼΨһܹѧϰ촫˵书ˡ˺ܾãҲ˺ܾãڻǰѡʮơؼԣ޵лƽ۵Ĵ˵ɨ˽֮һͼʷǰδеĻƽ۹
űʧˣ
ԡӰΰҵж԰Σȫǵʹǿ磬ǣǡ
űԣ촫˵ġʮơǿ书ؼܹı书ؼ
ӰԣѪΪڻѧúԶ
ű촫˵ؼ
ӰƽľǡҲ֪һһҪջصؼ̫̫ǿˡǷܹѧϰջءʮơҲǡؼҲ֮һ
ű˽ռؼܿڻƽľĹС
Ӱ۵ģռ塣
űҲ˵ġʮơڻƽľĹѨУ
ӰԣԷǳ󡣡
űϸоª֮ĵͼȫ
ӰȻһǿ֮ռʦǻƽľҲǿռʦǹĹѨʱ򣬿㹻ֿ֮ռʦռƽ֮ĹĵͼŻªģز
ţӰģģδԵˣͼģϢͻסʮơ̫ˣһһҪջأĻ⽫ս;Ψһ;
űǡʮơ͡Ǵ󷨡ĸҪ
ӰǴҲһҪգ߸֣һǿƽľ֣һǿƵľ֡Դ˵ؼǴ󷨡ĻüޡʮƣսΨһ;
űˣսԼϡʮơҪҪöࡣ¾桶Ǵ󷨡ӽȣҲҪ
ӰԣһѧϰˡǴ󷨡ʮ󣬾ͻᵮһ书ĸ֣ǸʱҪҲޱ֮ѡ
űǱڤɵƾ衶ڤ󷨡ΪģҴڤɵģѵͲƽ𣿡
ӰĬ˺һΪǿɿصġ
աű̲סһ䣬ҷ֣ܶ鶼ǵĻ
ӰΪռʹǲϵسԳԣҲܶ޴ĺҪռؾˡ
űǴ󷨡±ɵʹʮơδսԼʹ𣿡
ӰԣҪ书ڶ̶һͻʦǴ󷨡
ű侪㵣̶һͻʦ
Ҳ˵űڶʮ֮ǰͻʦ
Ǿ˰ɣǰ޹ˣ˰ɣ
ӰȣһҪõǴ󷨡һֶΣҪõǴ󷨡״˵ؼڶʮͻʦ
ڴʱ漸ǧ֮ĺϣɱ֮

ĪһӢӣ׷ɱŮˣͶűϵǳеŮˡͶűĸ׼֥
ĪԲŮĪĹùãڤİĽߣʦǿߣ𵺵һˡ
һĪҪȴЫŮˡ
ѪĪʦ壬Ǳڤ㵨ɱˣ
ʦ壬ұ꣬ҿˣа𣿡Īĵ
ʱǸӢƥߵƵƵͷԣԣĪﲻҴ𵺵һˣڤɵһҲϡ
ǿɲңǸСˣϾۡĪﺮ
ӢӽаӣĪõķϰ
ĪﲻӣĿȷûа˹֪ܸͬκˣ
Ƕ˹֪ͬܣȻǡǴ󷨡䡣
ҡͷûС
űһġ˵ûаܸκˣĪͿԷĵɱˡ
ǾͺãɱڡĪﺮ
Ȼˡ
ڱڤɵɱң
ĪЦ򣬹ûһϹѾˣȫ˲֪
˵գĪ͵̧ơ
˲䣬ĳһɫģƱµڤ֡
ڤƣ
Īԣڤƣ޽޾ȵڤơ
þȫĹҪɿ챬ߡ
ȻĪһֻ͵һأȻֵڤ͵ػķ۱ϡ
һɫѪҺ
˲䣬汳ಿλһµڤӡ޽޾ȵڤɢ
Ѫż֥ʦãһͬѰҶű䣬֮֡ߣߡ
ɱڣȻҪɱˡĪﺮ
Ȼ͵һ֥Ľ͵УȻֵڤڼ֥һġ
֥ۡСſһѪ
ʦöԲ𰡣湻ùģû飬ƫƫҪҶűǸС̫࣬ҲҵˡĪЦ
Ī书ˡ
۷ʦ֥Ҳʦ֡
Īǰûκλ֮һжĶӣӶӲ
ĪȻ书ĸߵˡ
ĪǸӢӽа㸸Ϲȷˣ
ȷˡӵʦܵܣѾܵȥһ˲䣬Ҳ˲ˡ
ĪЦ㸸׵檶ռˣҲΪİӣ˼˼
ţĪɫһɱͼ֥ˣֲɱ㣬֪Ӧô𣿡
ӽа֪֪ͼ֥˳ȼһΣȻȼߺɱǾһеɱ֮ˡ
ܱסСĪЦˣɫˡڤûɢһӡ
Ӣӣ֮ӽаֱӰǹԼֻʣһ̿㣬ͼ֥һ˿λʦþȥδ̫ˣҴλʦһϼ磬֪ȥɺã
ȻӽаֱӳŶű֮ĸ֥ȥ
ʱű߳ʯңԶһĻۿѡ
֥ôҲĸףȻϵ䵭űǸ˼֥ףǶűҲ޲ˡ
ĸױȣҲҪȡ
Ī书֮ߣǸ书ҲߣűӦôȣ
ҪûоȵˣԼСҲȥ
Ȼűһ⣡



244 ű֮ĸڣϣ

Ȼ洫϶
ӽаɫһ䡣
˵ͬجһ㣬Ϊвɸ˵ܡʦ˵򲻸ҿ벽ġ
Ҫһʱıû뵽ȻŮħͷĪɱˣΪ˲ĪڣֻһΪɱ֡
ңͼ֥ҲȫѾˣÿԳûռˡ
Ȼû뵽Ϥֿµ
ȻȫǶűģġ
Ȼ˽ûаѾ񴫳иľþôãűǷǳǳϤġ
ھϢűȫģⲻģΪ˵ľʵ̫̫ǿˡ
ǣűԾһ㾫ע룬װŷǳӡ
ʱǽаɫ䣬ĪɫҲױˡ
Ƭµ˲ǴȻ书ǿΪ˻㹫µϹĴżֱ
书ѾȾˣӿµľΪ
һؾͻľ壬ΪΪˡˣ˶֪ϹһԵĲ֮ˣκ˿ֻ١
һֱǽأ˴֮⣬漰
Ī׷ɱͽ֥ҲֻƬҲһʯСҲûе
Īﺮа㲻˵ϹѾ𣿡
аɫ׵ǰѾ˰ʦֵܣѾо˰ˣҲѾ˰Ҳ֪Ϊʲôôû
ĪûʱҲԶˡȥɱȻıߡ
ĪŮħͷŮӡ
űĶ棬һ
û뵽װɲĪͽа
ʱװøΪѾˣЩͶˡ
װ˼㣬·ʱҪһ㡣
һӽаɫһףııһֱҪɱңҪƭϵȻɱң
űԽԽֱˡ
ӽаЦ״ˣû¾ͺãҹ˼ҡ
ȻͷҲص֮ززˡ
ûõĶĪﺮ
ţͼ֥Ȼºȥ֮ǰע⣬ʱŮѾҪεˡ
ĪЦϹ㣬ҿɲ㣡ûҶη塣
ȻˣΪβһ𰡣űװʮǰڤơؼ͸ģӦһ׷󣬽õؼ̶֮ҷ鰡ޡ
ĪŮħͷΪʵ̫ˣԶʮǰҲѲѣһֱƺΪֺ
ƺֻĪ֪
ű䵱Ȼ֪ţľþʱξϵͳҲûţû֪ĺܶ¡
ű޶֣ĪκλˣɫһϹƾҲңҲþգŮӣϵӣܹѵģ
ţĪЦϹҿɲ㣬ҾҪΣ
˵գһ㣬Ҫͼ֥һɱҪýаŮȼߺɱģڽаˣֻԶˡ
űļ١
ĪŮħͷѲҲҳ
书ߵزű¶ĵʯңűҲ
Ůȫɱ˲գ۵ġ
ȻűʯҼһ޴ҡˣ֪Ǻá
ɵǰ͵תǸˡ
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ʱ͵һҡΣΧĺˮӿ
һĻĪɫһ䣬һθоЩļɻ䣬ǿ²ĵطֱɱΪǴ󷨵ܳĪ֮⣬κ֪
űЦĪҪɱڣ޷һ˴˵ؼǴ󷨡ܲ𣿡Ǵ󷨡һõˣֻʮֻܹ֮һϸˡ
ֹǴǴ˵书ڤΪܹ޵УܹڤɣΪڤ󷨡𣿶ǴǱڤҪǿһֻ֣Ҫҵõ˵ؼʮҾ޵£ʱҲδҵĶ֣ʱһҵǰڡĪ
ţĪɫ͵һΪλ֪Ǵ󷨵飿
űװЦκֻҪҾûˣѵҵľǺε֮ǿˣ
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ʱ͵һҡΣˮ޴ˡ
ĪЩˣԼ书ǳԸľ̫ˣĪ⣬һûˣȻǴ󷨡Ҳ֪ˡ
ҲɱڰɡűװЦ
Īﶢͽ֥ŮѾˣſڵδ
ŮڤƣϻˣҲһġ
ǲΪϹľ̫ˡ
űװޣϽ߰ɡаǸΪƲԼһὫġǸ󱰱޳ܣʲô鶼óġ߰ɣ߰ɣ뿪ڤɰɣ
⻰һĪһ
ûаǼ黫Īɱͽ֥̫ˣаΪƲԼ϶ȸ״
ʱĪϹҲ㰵ҡǸռʦңܲܵõǴ󷨡
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ֵ֥һΣҪ㣬ҲΪ׵µѹųġܾңѡ̣ѡ񱻰ɽĶ׵Ҳţھŷһ˲䣬Ϊˡһ˲䣬ʹͬʣûκɣûκԤףʹ޷һ̣ҲᵽҲһĻһŮˣһĸסںԶĵطҿֻѹһҵǰǶҵĳԶԶҵ󡣡
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ż֥ڣűĬ˺һȻʲôû˵
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245 аˣ
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ʦֻܾһġűʦѾȹһˣҶ޿ǷѡȼŮʿǸˡ
΢΢һͷף⡣һңҵıĺˡڴ𵺴УұΪӣ̡Һ±ǣвԸʹȥ̣һ
ţҼ֥ʦܵҵǣŻ⵽ĪŮħͷĶ֣Ӧʱ䣬ȥдţȼ֥ʦðɡ
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Ҫһδ书ҪģϽ֮Ҫġ
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Ҳ֪ĪΪɱңΪ˵ؼǴ󷨡ֻǶ˷ǳǡɵ֪ˡǴ󷨡䣬һҪɱڡҲΪ̰ûмʱҲҪռΪС
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Ĳӣɹ⻬޳ͬһ㡣
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תţܻ֮ܿΣǴ󷨡ǡڤ󷨡Ҫһ֣ڤ󷨡Ǳڤɵ֮ΪڤѹԱڤҲһΪڤʧȥڤѾǧˡǴȫǱڤսԼƷǱڤҪĶκһСһתţڱڤɵĴͻ֪ߣʱЩܿɱڡ
һ̰ˣõǴ󷨡ʱ򣬵һʱҲҪϽռΪСҪˣǴ󷨵ӦŲˡȻȴҲκ˼̳УΨһͬпܡ߾Ȼûа׽֮ˡȹҵ֮仹ôһĹϵҰŲˣǴ󷨵ͽˡ
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˸Ϲġ󷨡űһаĹͨȫѨڵľڤһɵԼڡ
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Сʱһн



246 ղ棡ڤ֮
Ϲ⹦а㹻аģȷʵá
٣ڤ֮Ѿʧøɸɾˡеڤ֮ȫת˶űϣʱڵϣƴת澭ɣֻҪָһõ֮֮ѪĽڵڤ֮
ڵڤ֮ǽˣǷ·һֶ֮
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ҸӼǣ·˺ü꣬ԭʮ꣬ʱˣ˫ȥѾʮ궼ˡ
ؼʮŮˣȫûķϡ
֮ڵ漸ǴŮ˵ʱ̡
֥һֱȺΪϣҪĸ𡣾䵭廹Ҫеġ
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ѵȥ
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ģҲġһûôĵӣҲҪںΧ˵Ŀ⣬ûô¸ҡǡˣȻߣϣҲҪǧ֮⣬ֻһŮ˶ѡ
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ţֵȻʵҲԸذɫҵĸ磬ȻͬпܣǡӦܹﵽæ
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͵һҧ֥ǰϰıֺõʦãģδѡʱһһ֧㵽ף˭Ҫ㾺ȹһء

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248 Ҿǧ
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ʵϣǴ𵺵֮һΪǽײȻѾǧˣӲ̫̺ܵ͵ġ
꣬Ѿг˵ǻۣ˸Ӵ
ȻֻǧǧˣϡͿġΪˣ޼ϾˣѾǧˣûҷ·׳ꡣ
ֲĸܹɱΪֻԽԽԽԽǿ
ŮħͷĪԭֻǴ뱱ڤɣּȲģ͵͵Ǳش𵺣ǰǧĶѨι»·ĵҩ
ǧǺܵͣʱ򶼺ܹԵģһСӡ
Īιҩ̷֮裬׶ѨЩʯţţؽŸ͹Ѻס˺飬˺Ҫ𵺵ѨѰĸס
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үүʮҸףҸʮңҵʹǲӦöҵĻλЦҵүүҵĸףһΪػλŻѪһȴȫΪΣ
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ɿ˼ˣűС˹ɱˡǸŮù֮ɱ



259 ǧУƼټ
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پǧӳŶűʮѹɱȥ


262 ű֮ǣű֮
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ңͻŮˣǶűҲ벻ˡ
ʵ۾ȻŮ˴͸ű䣿
磬Ҫ׷



264 Ҷű䣡
űķǳǳ㵡
Ϊʵ۴ͻŮˣȻԲŮĪѪĪϲ֮
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ʿԽԽ͡
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޹涾ҺɫȻڱƣȻųɫҿʼɢâ
ɫƽ֮ɫ
ȻǻɫǽɫǧʷǰδеĽɫ


266 ǧ겻漣űװʱ
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⡭ʲô˼
֮ǰ˵ˣɫҺɻɫͨӣԽ³ǵ˼ɽɫʲô˼
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űֵܽǣλǣһȽ³ǣҷ֮ڣ24ʱ֮ڣһþ³ǴŴ򿪣Ǽǧ˶룬ס漣ĳУӴ˲ʧӴʳǡ
Զͣ򲻿ܵġ岻Ըκ˷֮أοǧˣȻ漣ɫҺɽɫҲֻΪǵĹͶѣԼסھ³Уοǧˣ
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267 Ҷűǣ֪
仰
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Ⲣȫɺϣ֪Ǻԭ򣬾³ǵ˫̥̥ʱԶԶҪߡ
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ʱűټ֪ǸǴ󷨡٪ʦһģһȻһӾƶϳʵݡ
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Ϊ̫ԶЩʹΪܸߣڸߴʯը˲䣬Щ˻ǳɹ˿ˡ
Ȼܵ˲Сķ䣬ʱ䲻ٶް
٪֪˾ҶѾһʱܣûܹѣһʱͱץסȻ󱻴۳һűа
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м浽ʵҽһͷޱȾ޴ĺڰޣŰɫԵǿ¡ڷײ
·ĲǴķ裬ڷйʹ࣬޷ѹƵʹ࣡
ײĹ㳡ڼҵزҽĴ罦
ֱǵ
оһȥɰ
ȥɣѶȲߣҽ޴󡣡ξϵͳ㲻ܹΪ³һܵõҽ޵ıǳǿı
űһȻʿһҵһ̶㣬ȻѨȥ
Խ»䣬¶ԽߣԽȡ
棬ҽ޼ڷйײ
ű඼Ҫˡ
Ӻ󣬶űڵˡ
ﵽҽΨмʯ㡣
һűҪ޴ѨѰҴĵӰ
Ȼһ˲䣡
һ˫޴۾ˣޱȾ޴ޱȿֲĻɫ۾һ޴
űһ
໡
ҽŶű䣬Ȼһ͵ſ죬һ
ʱĵ·˿µűܿҪɽ棬ҽĴ档
ղţ˼ʮ֣һԵˡ
ϵͳҲүűд
ţűɿͷųٵҽޣܾ㣬ܾ㡭



272 ³ű䣡Ѫ
űʱŷ֣ǰֻҽ޺֮ǰþĻȫһͲһ֡
þеǸҪֲö࣬ĸо
ǰֻҽޣһֻ޴档ֻǲηҽǲûҽ֮С
űѾĳѨˣڲԶڶĵط˹ǼܣȻǿҰΪġ
ֻ޴ҽޱֱӽű̳ԵģűĻ󣬲ɵһ㵡
ҲѾܴˣѾܹм򵥵ľˡ
Ȳң˭ҲȲҡҽޱȻƴײ¡
Ĺ㳡һѵš
Ե÷ǳ֮ʹֱ࣬˳ܵķΧ
ű֣ѾԼײͷѪˣѪҲǺɫģֻǳ̳ȡ
ֻƭңֻƭң;Ȳҡҽޱŭ
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໣ֻƭңɱǣǡҽޱŭһſҪűɡ
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ѹôʹֶ࣬棬ʹֱȫ޷ܵġ
űǲͷʹѣΪ泤˼ʮµĶᶯ
ҽ޵ԣԣͷʹͷʹ
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ξϵͳĬҪȾľˮܹҽ޴ļȫɱҽȻܵӰ
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ξϵͳܰ
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ξϵͳ֮İ֮ǰĺڰ֮ࡣ
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һߣűһʵϵͳҽ泤ôµļΪʲô
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ǱǽԨڣҲű䱻ĵط
͵ס˶ű壬ֻ޴ҰҲ˹
ŽԨڣԭǽֹκڵġǲ֪ΪΣֻĶűϢ֮ԥ˺һ˿ˣԶűС
ǲģֻдʸԨġ
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ɢɫīɫĻǹâѾȫ֮ǰĹʥˡ
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ʱֻ޴µҽڷײ㳡Ѿһˡ
űѾѪȻݵʱȻҽҧˡ
ҽ޼ű֣ʱȻ˵򵥵ⶾǡ
죬죬ңҾͳԵǡ
űеƿӣװѾȾʥ֮ˮ
ЩΪѣӦȰֻҽ޺ȥԷɵĻȫȺ֤ûжǾ鷳ˡ
ʵ֤űˣȫԼˡ
ֻҽ޼űƿӣ˵ſһƿӶֱȻ͵һ汻Ⱦʥˮȥ
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һӺֻҽ۾ȻܣǱ֮ǰãҡ
űЩ˼Ϊҽʵֱ̫ˣű仹Ĳ˵ǲǾܽʹ࣬ȴС
ңҷߡҽ޵
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ͬӢһŶű䡣
û뵽һߣһ书ôˣȻľ˴ģİ˱ŭҽޣݡ

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ڣĵżٸϻԱʽʽΪ³ǵĵ塣
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ˣűʽΪ³ǵͳνײ㡣
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Ŀ껹һΪ³ǵˣҴżɱȥذɫǣɨϡ
һҲѵһ

죬űȹеʱ⡣
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⣬һӰʼջڶűԺ֮ڡ
һٶǰ³ǵ˾һΪλ壿ϵͳ˵ΪѪѪʲô
һ㣬Ǿ³ǵһ壬ס֮ƴ·Ըþ³ǵκ˷
Զűǵû˾֮ġ
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ڴʱһʹɳ۶ֹűĳǰµݼųٿ߾ߴᣬųǰμӡ
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ǡǸʹȥ
˵סҵĻ
Ȼ󣬶űԼҰž³ǵĺľɳ۶ȥ

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ʱ䣬㳡ݵһ룬Ѿȫ޲ˣȱ֧ţű֪ʲô취޲㳡ġ
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棬ֻʮˡ
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ʱűһ
³ǽҪˣ
ƶȣֻеڳУ˺͸Ͳ࣬϶ǲܵδˡ
ô֮λűڡĵĶӻ̳и֮ǣÿһ岻δ֮λ
ĵȻ߾߻黹иҪ顣ǾһһεѪҪʼˡ
ŶűųոǾ³ʵ࣬ĵ»ޣǧֻޡԭǺǳ׸ģΪһξ޴ĵ˺һѿڣʹЩ޺ǵĳˣڽԨ
űһ㵣Ȼ˵ͷԭԨﾹȻȺ;³ӴѹΪء
Ϊ˱ֺƽٶǰǵүү޵ڤ̸вͨÿһǾ;һѪ
űǾʲôѪ
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ЦǰϹأǩ
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ģϳЦݣĿҲЦݡ
űһƬ䣬ȫë͵ը
Ϊǧô׾ٵס˾³ڣΪܹ׾ٵسΪ֮һΪϻԱ
ΪڸĺͼУڶű伸ǧ˽³ڣһʱͳΪעƷ
ԭĺͼһļǧˣǷ̫ˡ
ͬһǰ˾һǿġ
ѾΪжֿ˾һ壬ɳǧѪ˾һ岻Ը⣬ս
壬ֽ˾һ˼ǧ˷²Ѫ˽Ԩ궯Ⱥ
ڣְѪѹ˶űͷˡ
Ѫ䣬ǧˣֻǧ˵Ķ壬尡
ն׷Ѫιޡ
˵öԣűֱҲȷġ
¸ûбͣĺͼֶ֧ű䣬Ͳ
ŶűЦųᣬҪѪ䣬ҪΪҾ³Ĺˡ
Ȼ󣬸Ĵ߾ߴͨűǧˣǰԨѪڤѪȺ
ţЦűòΌɣ
ˣǲǧǰųǣѡǧ֮˽лĴ
ȻŶűЦű߰ɣһȥѪɡ
Ѫն׷Ѫɣ
Ȼ󣬸ĺͼǰһһѺŶű䡣
⼸˸ҲһΧ
ͬʱξϵͳѪʽ
³ǣΪ



273 ɵ
ɫǣһƬţճǣǣ
վſڣŲԶһ֧ӣ߰ǧ˵ľӣΪ;Եƣ
Ϊ׵һ죬һ¹١
۹פܹ̫򳡣
߰ǧȻ½Уʮ˰ɫǿڡ
ž޴ǽӰĳڴеʿҲڴ
оʮ죬ڿ԰ˣڿзסˡ
ҲԼΪֿԼӶűˣҿԺսˡ
֮ǰĶ鱨ǷǳͨģԴһι䣬˵Ϲ֮һжһˡ
һյ鱨Ƕűפ˰ɫǡ
Ŷűǧһ³ǣĵʱҲ˻ʵ۵ĺ⣬ҲϹȱȰ裬ֱӱҪͶű䲢ս
УűȻһһ漣ϾһӶѣҪ׵ı
ű뿪ɫʱҲɳ˼ʮֻѻŸ常򳡣ȻѻתվҲϵռˣܵŵǹᶽԬס
ø˰ڤ粻˹ȥɡ
Ȼ󣬷ϵ֮һ鷨ģ˶űּԭжű常һҪϣмƻϵ֮޸ĳΪһԮš
е򳣬ֱʾϡ
ϹʮսҲֻʣ°ˣҧǧ
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нʿɫ䣬濤Ҳɫһס
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ܣ濤նűԲܡ
û濤򳹫һ·ϱ϶ûְɡ
Ͷѡ
½֮Ѿֹһθܵ˼ӵĸоˡ
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ȻóһŽǣ͵һ
䡭
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濤أ
۹ҪӢۣҪģ𣿡
һʱɫǰΧ׷
ʱű䣬Ϊ˵۹ع³ǵΨһҳ

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276 űƴɱع
Ч㣿٪֪֪ʥڽǸаǸҵģҪʱҲǳ־ҵġ˵һţѧѧţҪЧҶûᡣ
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űڣξϵͳһҪ˾ҶǾԵţܹµĻδඨԵʤһһҪЧ㡣
٪֪˾ҶŤЦѵҪ˾˾˵𣿻ҵֵܣûмҲǺʲôϵ֮ҾҪɱ㣬ɱˡ
г˿̹ǵĳޡ
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ңѾûκĶһжǺڰģûһϣԲŻ˻
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٪֪ɫԽԽף˫ֶײˡ
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˵ˣ˵ˣƭңƭҡ٪֪˾Ҷޡ
űǸŮˣɰŮҲȺУѵҲҪȫɱͲ֪ĸŮ˭𣿡
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277 ǰű֮
۹ʶʮ꣬ʮš
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ĹâУű͵ؽ͵ذγ



278 ű߹֮ս
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󣬼ǧ۵糸ͬҿ񳱣ӿ



279 սϣһ浹ɱʤ
ű伸о̫ˣǼԭʼɭ־ʮ졣
߳ԭʼɭٱϼǰɫ챣ء
ԭפżǧģʱѾȫȥɫǣΪһճǡ
Ҳű֪ɵ濤ȻǧǰӪȶű䣬Ȼפɫǡ
Ϣ֮󣬶ű伸ļ١
˶Ѿȥʮ찡ɵ濤ƾ߰ǧҪϼʱݰ
һݣ常濤⵽εȽ
ű붼ǧʿ챣أפ
Ϊ챣ظպÿڰɫǺ;³ǵм䣬뱣֤ɫǺ;³ǵĵ·ͨΪܶʶҪӾ³
Ȼűʱ˴󲿶ӣǧ۵糸ű߶ﴦɫǳȥ

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ֱӽűУǸڱϣȫûлᡣ
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ҴͬȽȽ𣬴۹ͬգǴ޷ıˡҴÿһ춼׳ǵľԽԽࡣŰɣҴʮնɱ
˵գɿˣʩչ貨΢Ҫɿߡ
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⻰һȫʧɫ
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282 ʵۼӷ⣡֮ս

ʻʵ۴Цţǳ죬ȴѾ档
һŰ
λϳǵ˼ҶĶʵ۵ҪűǼ٣Ҫλ档
ʵۼűԭֻһǾЧʵۡЧҵ˶ҳΪ׵Ĺ¼ҹǱ̫ĻˣҪ޵λãΪβֱأ
һļž
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췴һ£ˣһСĹʡˣ󲿷ֵʡˡʵ۵۹Ѿ˴룬纣Ǹ˿ڽǧˣΪͶطؾͶҲ׷ͶϱӶʮֱʮ򡣡
һƬž
ϿɱʮǰĪ̫˰ȫ񰡡ʵ۴Ц۹ݣѣ⵱Ȼһʵ۵СΪüʹݵİô˭أȻǶűˡֻҪּ˶űְһＺگһǱλ˰ɡ
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ʵۺȻ͵ذθߣ˻۹ôݵģѵûһ嶼ˣôα𣿾ȻԵҳżϣǶű䣿
ʵ۵ŭҲֻžЩϳϴˡ
ţʵЦǳҪ˼ʧˡűûҲûܣˣһϵ
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ղڸ֮˵ǹӵűӣʵŵģ϶αġΪ飬Ҳǵһˣ֮ʲôǲܷġ
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һս۹֮ˡ

սĽŲԽԽŨɫϵսԽԽۡ
ʮգ
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Ϊٻʿ׷׼ľӣտľһŵʮ֮ࡣ
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Ϊ˶Ͼű·ֹűսܺ밲
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ҸһΪ˽ضϰʹ۹ϵĺݶ

һµ޽ɫǻȻԡ
֮ǰĳǽʱѾȫ޲ˡǳ⣬Ѿһء
ŴսŲĵűԽԽ
ʵ۵ּѾյˣûκҪûκֻǼӷűΪ˾ʹ
Ϊսʤ֮׼ġ
սʤְǶűз
սʧܣһнݡ
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˶ΪһսŻѪ
ɵ򳣬߲ݣ޽ÿһߡ
濤ÿһ춼ѲӸأΨһ覴á
ÿһʿÿ춼ƴѪ׼ⳡսĵ
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̤ƽɫǣűնɱ
Ȼ󣬴ʮͬɫĺƺƵŰɫǵķȥ
ƣ·ҪݻһУһС

һ֮
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˲䣬ű͵һ飬͵رֱ
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⣬˭
ϵʮûô쵽⾿˭һ֧Ӱʱɫǣ
ҲǷϵľӰʱ򹥴ɫǡ⾿˭


283 űһɱ
ȵ֧ȫڶűҰʱŷֻ࣬ٶѡ
Ϊ׵һűȫ벻ˣȻǹס
ң֧ľȻҲǹġ
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ʱű伸ȫԼĶ䡣
µʱűʱ򣬹ģб˶űȡˣ
һűº͵ӣǲǱЮˣ㾡ܷģ̽ȳ
״ǹӣϾµĹߵЩҹ˭ܹЮҰ
ţ׵ű䣬ҪҶ̰ҵҪعͽҲҴá
űޱȵܣޱȵķŭİ䲻
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һűף֪ʲôϴʮɱò˶þͻٳ£ҼһǰĴսһսҵˣϵʵ۱º͵۹ˡ
һ鴤
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ӳĬãҹͽȻҴá
űŭƨװʲô֪ŽԬв㣬֪ų֪ŽԬҪɱ㣬ȻɱҵͷϡԬ׾˳ɣɱͶı棬Ԭ׾ͻҡڵƽҡ
űƽŭǱɱ㣬Ϊ˳Һͻʵ۱£ΪһӾȻɱ壬ʱ¶ҿʷĸԸãʹ߿𣿡
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˵գűɫһףֻҪӣҲɱ㡣ǡ˾Ѿ˵۹˻ʵ۱£۹棬սȨɱ棬ǻ壡ӣҪɱ㣡
ڴʱ
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ŽСĴ۶ȡ۹ʼսԣһҪʵۺʹ۹ļֵѹե£ʵۻڣǺԬ佫ţѫŻѹϵһǮһڿյ۹һȡ֮ǾͲ˵
ԬЦ֮ڴ۹鳼ԣҳǲУ˭ҳ˭Ҫ
ŽͷԣűԭȻͼҳ

ҳξϵͳҳĴۺܴ󣬵Ҳģ
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Ԭ׵ǧפɫ
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Ҳ˵δʱ䣬Ƭ򣬽۽ʮһģǰĴսʮǰĪ˾սģ

۹ʶʮ꣬³š
ϴʮɫʮѾޱƽ
Ԭǧϣոסسǣƽɫİ
֧лϱƽű䡣
սĽŲѾȫƽ˶ű࣡

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µļѲ߾ĲӣҲ˯һ
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գ
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ȻϵıӺ뿪ʼ
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䡭
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һʼֻǱӺӶڲ
䡭
ǽڵ
ʱһ֧ģޱӴľӡ
ʮںѹѹޱ޼ʣٳ£



284 սűԹ
ڸ֮һʵ۵鷿֮⡣
ѲŽᶽԬףǧű޹ʲɱסıɱͬı½
Ȼ֮ߵס
鷿Ļʵ۰
ڸ֮һεǧű䣬ıɱԱͬı½
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ڸ֮ߵ׵űıɱԱ½
һ洫ʻʵ۵ּų֪̳й֮λ˸ȥ׻ݣΪˡ
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һһһһһ
Էӿϳͷĵˣµλöûж˫ޱػӶս
СĶȥɱĵˡ
ԴԶȥܹ޵һĻ⼸ǧʿɱ˵ʱ򣬶һµģȫûж࣬սһʹһ
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ٴʱߵĳǽѾΪ˵սһƬʬɽѪ

ϱ߳ǽű䣬ƮƮٳһ񣬷೤ĳǽ
ҪԵĵϵӣʥ̾
һǱġ
ȻҲӦѴģ
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ܿ죬Щɫʥ̾嵽ϳǽ֮¡
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Զս˳ʱ¶һ΢Ц
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̶һӣű񽣾ɱ˽ʥ̾
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书Զ缾ƮƮʱűȫΪսϵɱ
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287 񼣣ɽ
һֱʱűоѪ֮
һֱΪ֧һϵȫţ죬һսϣ಻Сʱľ֮Ȼˡ
һսϵ
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Ѫöűսϲбޱȡ
֮ǰÿһδܶҪĵúܿ졣
ڶűֻҪάɫƬʣµսȫѪȫġ
ֵؽ𱦵ǴĪϵıõģ޼᲻ݡ
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ʲô˵ˣȫսѹɱ¾
֮ȫһѪ·֫б۵ɽʥ̾׾ٺãҲű֧С
ৡ
սϣűֱһң¾ɱ
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˵书ȶűߣߺܶ࣬սϵԶԶű䣬նɱĵֻжűļ֮һ
Զվڸ߳ȴʼûмħ˾Ӱ
ǶűսϾȻֱͣһɱһĴڡ
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һζűüɱʥʮǿߣֳʮ
Щʥ̸ÿһǱȻԭˣʥ̵֧Ԯ
ͬϵΣϢĻмƮƮ;˷ɿ嵽űһǰһ󱣻ű䡣
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ʦǿ߶սٳʦǿ߶սƮƮ
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ৡ
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ৡ
ȺʿȻޱȣ׼ʦ֣ɺ޻֮
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׼ʦֳ嵽˶űǰ͵ض롣
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ԶűΪȫֵס

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׼ʦγŶűϵס
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ܹҲǵľȫڣͷ·һ˱ס۾ͶһǷǳܵģҲǳΣյġҳڴߣԾҲвС𺦡
֮ԴߣΪЩʥ̵ĸ˵űᾫһ֮Աǵġε֮ƾŶűôһԭС̫ôܻ᣿
Ȼ׾پɱ˶ű䣬ʲô
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ű͵۾ָ͵ص
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ʥ̸ֱܵصֵű侹ȻûǷǳǶԶűȴںϾǵΪ߳ű̫ˡ
Ȼ
Ǻܿطֹ֣ȫ޷ֵ
ֻһɹһ͵ǵ֮УȻ͵ر
˲䣬һƬհס
ʱǳǳݣϾʥ̸ֵľҲǷǳǿģܷ˾ûзأǾͻѹ
ǡ
ȫ㹻ˡ
ű͵һ
ৡ
˲䣬ʥ׼ʦ͵ذһأȫжϡ

һҺȫڷ
ʦʥǿ߼ű䲻һĻҲȫˣȫǰһĻ
ʥҪһ
ߣնȥˣҲֻȥ˼
Ļˣв֮ġ
ʥ̸ۼű䱻̴壬Ȼ
⣬ʲô˼űҲ֮ˣ
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ʱ򣬼ƮƮĸʦȫ˹
ĸʦʦǿߣǸԶԼҪսΪʥ̾ҲǿߣԳǽÿһξ룬һأܻᱻ˵ͻĳһγǽǺ롣
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Ǽ˼Զű⵽ɱ̳˹
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ű֧ӵľ䣬һˣⳡսû壬ֱӾͲս԰ˡ
ȻղŷһĻĽˡ
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һĻʵ̫ˡ
˼ƮƮλʦֵļ룬ƮƮͼѹ˲仺⡣
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ʥ̵ʦȫ·磬ȫ
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һʥ̸͵ҳһŶ衣
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ΪϵͳѣʹöűܹǰжסżĶ衣
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ʥ̸ֱ֮ĸܣһԭؾɱˡ
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ղЩ˿ű屻˵̴֧ˡ
ȫεѣҪʧȥˡ
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ؿűϵ˿ڣȻʼȬۿüٶϡ
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ܶ˶񣬵ǾšңѾԼһ׸˻
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ΪܹΪʥ̵ĻħʥŮΪһϷ룬֧ʥ̾ͳΪϵ޵ҳϺͿȡ
νȺʥֻ̾˵ûۼ
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ʥ̲ηκεˣηּ⡣
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ԣһĻʥ̾ʿ˲䣬Լ˻ɣԼʹ˻ɡ
Է˶űһ֮ˣǲǴּ⣿
ҺͶűľΪУǲΥּ⣿
ĪأƬʥ̾սήҡ
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ʱǽϺɫһʥ̾ԽԽ١
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ͬʱ
Ϸߣ켸ǧ͵ɱ
ϱɽʽˣ


288 սԻʹʤŮ
ǧʿϲɱʱ
űǴ㵵ģ챣أְɫǺ;³ǵʳͨݣɫȫʿеʳҪӾ³
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һƾеսʤżȻأҲкܶȻء
縵ǧʿսʤɳ¡˶ˣǱȻ
ڻҲӼϲ׵ҩٲηҲûõġ
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ﳤĳǽ·Ѫϴһ飬ױȾˣǽʬ徹Ȼ˰׸ߡ
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Сʱϵػնһ֧ӵﵽ˼ȿ̵Ҫٴ۹ľӣСʱڲϵػӵӵӵ
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Ͷϻиԭĵһۣͳ׽Ϊ˽ķһҪŮˡ
Ȼȵͳһ˾֮ɳ¡˶ԼķԽԽСе·ԽԽ
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ɳ¡˶Ȼ͵һ𣬳սųǽϵĶűɱȥ

ǽսң򳲿ı߳ǽȫͬ
սСʱ󣬳ǽеĹľʯȫˡСʱսǧˣûгɹϳǽ
Ȼȵǽ֮
ʼˮһӿ˳ǽҵİսʼ
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ǽս˽״̬
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򳲿İǧʿҲʼ˴ԽԽ
󣬵Ĳ࣬öࡣ
ԣǰս߳ǽҲԵΪңΪѪȡ
ֽƣܿͱˣ
ΪǱߵսˣǧ˷߳ǽǧʿǰ֧Ԯ
͸ϱ֮˲ռϷ磡
ʼڽڰˡ

űϱ߳ǽ
һżȻűҲû뵽һ񼣣ȻֱŤתս֣Ȼǿʥ̾ʿ˵䡣
ԭ·ʼ˾طɱʥ̾
ǧԽԽȽǧ֮󣬶ű䷢־ȻҲһɫľ³ʿǽĲߴף˾Եıʶȡ
챣صļǧ󲿷ֶӣʿȣôôľ³ʿ
Σ켸ǧ³ʿʥ̾ıɱ˹
Ҵһʥ̾˲űǰлˡ
ʱĳݿٵתƵһСɽ֮ϡ
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Լӵʮһӵʥ̾Ȼܣ
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291 ű£ʵۿϲ
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׸˳ʵ˳λˣĻȷʵҪץˡ
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մӻȻʳŶű䣬ϵҲűִƹȨɥȨʧأʵ۷ǵͽ䣬ҳȥԺȥ񲿣ȥӼ࣬ټеԱеĹӼѧߵڣʵ۸һ
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ⳡˣѾ˼١
һʼֻץЩ˵ĹԱ壬֮ץεĹԱ
Ƿণȫͳ֮¡
ԱڼɪɪСޡ
ͷԬڹ֮ǰͷּϣǰɶ
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ŴˣȾү
׸ڸ󳼶Ż޾
˵լ֮ۡ⣬ˣǱץٵļҾ죬ϵ־ˡ
֮ףѵɾôչȥǵĹԱϱץ
۾Σֱھǿս
֮ԱȻʵ۷ˣץˣ˾Ҳץˡ
ץ˭
ǰĹټǷϵŵˣ佫ǰѣ˾ȥץˣ
Ż޵һʵ۾ж֧УȻƵġǿԼܿǿԱλȴֹɱˡ֮ǰΪҪĹټźҡѾ׻ˣʲôںˣֹɱˡ췴췴»λҲֹɱˡ
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ʵѵһ֧⣬һ֧ڡһ֧Ƕű䣬һֻ֧ͤҪѵˣʵ۾ͳʧȥצͺˡ
֮Ǿ۶ѵϧһдۣ۶ѵ
ɣ˵ҪֶΣ۶ͤͶűѵˡ
Ż޵ҪˣΪ˱ǣͤҪɱˡ

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űһʹǳģǵ񽣣¶ҺĪ֮
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ν棬Ӧ֪ǴǱڤ󷨵ĺҪһ֣Ǳڤ֪Ǵ󷨵ϱ˽½ű䣬
Ĭԡ
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ǡ
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ˣŻ޴ˣȥʥͤ
Ȼ󣬽еǩһӵն
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ͤһжԿʦǲӮġ
־֮սϾһжʤһж
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֮䣡ûκʱԥûκʱȨ⣬ֻƾ豾ܡ
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ʵϣԼҲŵϵһ̯Ѫ
֪ҪɱǶűĸүү֮Ȼǲֵġһ˼ʱ䣬Ҳδػ۲þ߶֣ûҪѱڤɡ
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һ˱ڤɣȫǱɵġ
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ʡͤһӲ֪οڡ
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ʵ۽űĹְ;λֻΪһԭ
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ͤߵ׵ּ
ʱͤޱȿɬҸ߻ʵۣűѾʧһˡ
ʵͷգһڳ׽ϴĲ𣿡

ΪζűֻҪϣǵķͻ᲻ƣ
ϵԭһ纣𣬶űͻư۹ϣϵ⿪Ծǵķűֱʾɱ֣ȻǿþӴͨǰǵ
Ҫܳʱ䣬ġ
ʵϵԭһűϣű͵õ֮أñǿ׳Ǹʱʵˣ̫ӵǻҲо޴
ľ̫ӵǻֱ֮۹ϣűĵ֮ڣпֶܳűЮľ棬ǸǴ˶ű䡣
ԣһűϽ纣ǻʵһ߾ͱ˶ű䣬ϵǲôɵġ
ֻҪű纣ǵķȻˡ

۹ϣĳʥܷ̳֮ڡ
һű䣬ȥɣҷ𣬻ɢɣ
Ȼű壬͵ر԰׿µĵʥ֮С
˲䣬ű屻µĲ԰׵ȫɣʧˡ
֮ǰһģһ
ű·ֱʧˡ
ָŵ𣬳żǧʥ̾𣿴ҿ𣿡
ű䱻ʥյûҷˣһα񡣡
νĲ֮ȫһ׵Ļԡ
ʱʥ̾Ŀе齥˱仯
űȻǻȻˡ
֮ǰսϵһУȻϷ
ʱʥ̾űʥǿӡ׷顣
֮ϲֻҪһϷɫһİϷջʥ̾ͳݣͻ³ΪϵĻħʥŮˡ
ŵаű䱾Ӧýʬεģֱճɻҽʵ̫̫ˡ
ţ߸߾ֵűűű
µʥҲŸߺűα
һʼʮڸߺٸˣǧڸߺűα
Ȼ
ʱ
֮ڣһӰˣ
ɫӰ
֮ǰһģһһĻˡ
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ҲȫˣȫԼ۾
֪νĻʹǼٵİνҲǼٵġ
ܹһУһеİ
ǰһĻô£
ţӿ£ӿֲ鷢ˡ
޴ĵʥȻڽʧ
·һһ㱻űɽˡ
оԼͷƤһ飬ҲԸǰһĻ
ֱǵ߸۰
ѵ
ѵлʹ
ǸоţȻڳļǧʥ̾ޱȿȣޱ˷ܡ
ʥն˵ʥ⣬ǻʹ߰
֤񼣰
κҲ޷ݼǧʥ̾ĵļ
ǵõ˻Ӧǵֵõġ
еĵʥȫʧˣȫűˡ
һΣű䲻Ҫ֮УΪĵͽѾ׸ˡ
еĵʥ֮󣬻̻¶Ķű䣬˳
߸ߵؾ˫֡
ʱһһʥ̾£ߵ׵ݼʹߣݼʹߣ
ݼˣ
ݼˣ
⼸ǧʥֳ̾ǰδпȣԶԶ֮ǰħʥŮĿȡ
Ͼ֮ǰħʥŮǲûֻ˵ѡ
ǰһ
¹Ķǳ֮Ϊ˵ȻǶű䣡
ʱ䣬һѪҪ˳κ޷ʱĵĲʺͷŭĴľӰʥ̾
ʱȻڶűǰߺˣ
Ҫ׷ˣ
ŶűıӰ˿̹ǵĳޡ

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ǧʥ̾ͬˮһ㣬һһְ£ߵס
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ţűһŮðﲻ꣬ɱ֮
⻰һеʥ̾΢΢һ㵣ϾǵĻħʥŮ
űŮֽǼٵģֻܷܷãܷܷɱˣȻܷܷݳǰһİϷһٵĻħʥŮƭð˻񣬸ݻּ⣬ɱ
ּ⣬ɱŮ
ּ⣬ɱŮ
ʱǧʥ̾׷װγɱ
ǹȻҳϿȵһȺˣȻӶűȥɱԼǰˡ
ۿѣŶűıӰ˻ű䣬ȥɣȥɡ
ȻþеΪſצŶűȥ
书ٸߣҲвǧˡ
书Ҫܣ⼸ǧʥ̾ס
ֻȻľôˣɶű衣ɶűõľӡ
þһֶΣҲҪɱ˶ű䡣
ű䣬ȥȥ
Ůצ͵ץסűĲӣһץסűұۣþеҪű˺ѡ
书ĻὫű˺ѵġ
Ȼʱű¶Ц
ŮҵȴһѾܾˣһµζɡ
ȻһɫĵӶűð
ǰδеҺ


301 űţ
һץסűĲӣһץסűֱ۾Ҫ˺ѡ
һɫĵ͵ȼ
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һŵŶű䣬Ȼ󷢳ޱĲҺ

˲䱻ճɻҽ
Ҳ벻űоȻðһ
Ƿһеģһеġ
ױȵĿ־塣
ǱܣƴȥĴֵĻ档
̺ˣΪ˲ġ
ѾˣҲɿ챻ɡ
ޱȿ־壬ޱŶűҡҡ
ʲô˼ŮȻԼ
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ǼģŮ书̫ǿˡ
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ͬʱʮʥ̸ְΧǰ䡣
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ȻתĻɫʥֵ̾ʥ̾Ըݺ£
ǧʥ̾µԶ׷ˣ壡
Ȼ󣬶űżǧʥ̾뿪ʥܷ̳ξϵͳĵͼ·ߣذɫǡ
طǰɫأ硣
һ֧ǧ˵ʥ̾񣬴ɽзɿ

ű䲻ڰɫǵʱڣȻ߲һ㲻Ӵűߵʱ򣬾͸˾Ҷ˿ţԶűûжֻ֤һ飬ºŶű
ҵ뿪űǸѨرڤɿʱ;ɫǵʱһθˣűһؼ׶Σ֮㷵ء
Ȼһʱű䲻ڣɫǵһжɵĽš
˶Ƕһľͷ
һжԭƻУű
µĶżǧԲ󼸰еߺɨһգȫ˾УѾץһˡ
ţһ˵ļҾȫǿǨƽɫڡһΪЩ±ͼžۣǵʣЩ˹Թ
Щץߣ˵ʣսǿÿ˵ˣսϺ׳Ϊһɢɳ
Աץһڣ³ǵʿǶǽнĲ
˼̳Լ书ߣھӪ£ڶԼĳɽͷȻѵԼĽ̹ٶŸɡ
ڣǹ·ΣÿһζðȻڸ߸ߵľϱɹҹ
Ϸ˵ˣûеĴηĻᣬһΣֱɱͷˡ
ʮ죬˼ͷ͹ˡ
ʵϲҲУУܵľڣŶٶʬأȫǽġ
ھУ
˵ֻҪ˲Ӽɣһ˾ɱһҲϧ
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ڱ˻û֮ǰñ˺㣬Ҳһֺõѡ
˵Щץ±ͬ϶һᣬǶǵļҾ죬ȫǴһůˡ
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СӲˣ˲ˣɳҽſ
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ˣһ±ֵóɫڶԱǸʿļҾοʣ˵ͱá
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ûĵĶűôõĹ٣ôõĹҲˡ
˼ؼ֮󣬷Ҳ˵һ䣺ҵᣬһŪű䣬Ū򳣡
ϵóһѲ˵Ҫ
Ҳֱһڿˮϡ
쵰ǰӺűҪˣҪǶű˵ҩѾˡֱץ˼˼ôĹ٣ΪǼҵĶӣˡҾ͸ȥҷ㣬ɫһ˱ǣ
˼ϱץûģ߳ŭǰôͷĿ绽ģڱһСҲӣ
Ӵǰ׬ǺǮǶȥÿãʳÿ»ԡӺõúܣǰöģԵİ
˼ŭһ֪ʲôԬ׵ļ纣ļʮűϾҪˣʱһ
ӱҪС
װʲôװߵĽ纣ѾˣǺļ£ű˵ľÿһ춼ӣǸ䡣ӷ
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ⲻ֪꣬ƽµӣոһնЩҾϴʽ
ϴԵķʽҲܼ򵥣һƬãСãǳá
ЩҾҲУССϰվȻҲ˳͢£ùٰ
ٹһأֻЩ˾ҪչΪȺˡ
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һˣǸʿҲˡ
ȻӼлصӪ֮Щ±ľ״̬䣬档
˼Ҳˣ̵ģԼһ˶ͶűƭˣܲӶŮɡǾʱڶűţҲϹˣ书ôãôҲҪ١
ҲǣµмСǷ·ѵñȽ磬ܽƻڰǰŬˣһǳΪԼľ٣ε
ǸţֺóƽˣھȻˡһŶûпϵˣ֮ǰԼƨɺԻȣԼƨġһڽֵϼ棬ҵļŬ
ʱ˼ӿһΣС
УҪѣҪ֣Ҫ١

ţɫǱӪɫ
³ǵʿץһ±űµľҲԭǧˣһŵǧˡ
һԴԴУΪץ׳жڼС
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˴ɫǴ󼸰ڰϣɫؽ紦ɽܡ
֮ǰǴ۹ٸ϶˷ˣΪ̫ˣÿһȥ˷˶أ޹
һΣپ·ɽҰƽأĪϾɲ־ڱصá
ǵ͹ﻷĶԣǶ涾ߡ
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ǸԲģֻҪ¶կһжˡ
ΪĪϾɲɽկ˵ʽֵģʮɽկɢڼĴɽ֮ڣկɽկ˵ڣҲɽկ
˵¶ɽկշĪϾɲһ롣
һշĪϾɲűͼӵʮڲ֮ˡ

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ĪϾɲʮկɽկկĪĪ˾Ĵ󽫣ھŰѽΡ
Ϊ˼թƻĪϸʱûʾɽ֮Уɽ
ʱĪӭһѲŽʹ߶ʣżһӵܣűĳ֡
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ǰɫ֪ɫνĹģȻûлʵ۵ĴӡҲġ
ʯʳѾںˡ
ĪϾɲɽկĪѿЦŹӣģģ֮ǰӦ飬һġ
ʵűµĸѾʾ˹կˣһп׼׵
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ʸĪ߳ɽվڸߴ
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Īһ͵ػ졣
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ɱ
ɱ
ʱһȺȺ˱͵شвݴг֡
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ĪɽկĪüͷһ壬ΪҲҪЩɽȫݺң
ʺôǷϵҲǺü갡ĪŮױţЧǡ
ĪǽףǽףΪֶħṩԴããƥǸ㣬㣡
ţĪ˵ʾҶկһǣָˣҪݷ
Ци˫û⡣
ĪЦʹߣŮô
ܲҰһЩ㱻Ťϡ
ĪʹȻǶˣǲᣬҳζͶҾˣץסǸиŮ˺һ
ʵãáôŮˣϧűǸ̫໹ûùͱ̣ˡ
ʱһµĳ󽫾˾Ƕկʮ
Īˣˣдȫá
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ĹľĹʯĹȫԴ͵ŸɽȿڴͶ
Īȥʥ̷̳Ǳһ£ǳûУĻͲҪǽű˹֧ȫ̲˰
λĪϾɲɽկ߶ԵÿһߺͷϵһֺϺֵĶħ

һʱ
ǧӰѾϡɼˣԽԽԽԽ
Īɽկһ˾µĿڴѾԽԽˡ
ĪϾɲͷ쿴˾ϵĸȻ˫ʱߡ
˶ܿҵˡ
ŸڴΧԽԽ١
ҪˣҪˡ
һս׾ټűǧҪӼڶӵӱˡ
ǧѾɽȣ˵оĿڴڡ
Īʥ̾ôٲĻһһ˴˰
ڴʱһɿ񱼶죬죬ǧʥ̾ˣǱ󣡡
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Ĵ˿ܼģ纣սУȡĴʡһֱ֮ء
ʱ˿ʼҪԴ
Ϊ֣ʹһЩַϵеı仯Ϻó׵ķ٣һЩũҲǰ˻ġ
Ϊ۹˿ڣͬʱڵҪһЩĴ˿ҲʷĩҪһЩﵽǧ
һȡĴ纣Ĵﵽ120ƽ˿ڳǧ򣬽ʱǰҵѳˡ
һȡĴ纣ĴӸ϶ž˸ܵеľ棬ӵһսԷơ˿أԹȴ۹ĵش
۹Ĵ߰ľӼʮ򣬵󲿷ֶƾֻнľ
ȷڽ󣬵ĹְĴᶽĴʡķ
ͷһҲ÷ϵǮдóԻʵ۵ּҲǷǳӡ
һѱˣȻ̫ʵ۵ּ⣬ǶԷϵҲ䵭ڴгư̫ˣЩ˭̫
Ϲʾµʱûʵּ򡣽ʵҪѣ̿Ρ
Ҫôȥ
ǣϹȳͲ֮ġ֮ǰϹԽ봨УǳǫԳΪܣ󽣸æסϣһıϣ֮
ʱȵĵõ˾޴㣬һڴӦ֮
Ȼıʱһһ䲻ľӱǺʵ۲֪˶ٵּ⣬Ҳͬţ纣ռϺ͹ʡ
һּ⣬ʵüĿǳȣ
ʾ򣬽פսҪݡ
ݵλôִ˱͹ݣ϶ǳ֮
ȻⲢΪȻʵ۵ĻˣΪտȡݵٶ̫ˣ͵Ҳ̫ˣĴԼĵ̣϶ȡݺҲܣǾԲҪĴ⡣
տƽĴȵȻҪʾ赲ˡ
ǵ;ʵ۵ˣֶӡ
פ֮纣ʱҲΪš̫տʢŶȡʡ磬Ȼͷʾȶš
֮ǰܣ纣Ͷű̸ʧܣҪбű䣬̫տʮʦ£տͽţҾԵطĦ
սһû򣬼˵Сս˺üʤ
ǴͷβʼûԽһ
纣֪֮мػ֮ȮѣΪǡ
ʱýűͷ׻֮أ纣ּϵ绢ʾʦ
ˣ纣ֱִƵĴʮϡ
ʮڴǼᣬͶűսܿҪ

µĳ;棬Ǻ½չڽ˺Ͼڣ¿ԺͶűʦԽϴռĹݡ
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Ŀһ䣬óһƱټʮɷλޣǺᰡһʵۿɱȫң㲻ҪǣʵۿɱȫңҲ԰
⻰ǳвˣʵۿɱ½չȫңϵҲˡ
ţűǺζűһҪ˭ӣҪɱȫңһ١
ϣǺ½չһҹеĴʮӡ
лʵ۽߾ȫʮҲзϵʮ
Ǻǣбǲͷһսû򣬾׬˼ʮǺ½չɷλӰʵ۱ѱͲҪܶűС˹ˡűС˹֮ȥϷع
һ֮Ǻ½չʽֹǰ

Ĵݸ
Ĵᶽյɫ֪ɫܱűš
ŵȻöűĿдġ
УǧֵݻعȺӢʷҳΪ۹ϵűԸհ
˵ȺϾҪʮˣطһƽ
жűϿҵ󣬽ܹʡΪʱʡѾûдأֻмƾѣ²֮
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ȻֱöűŲƨɡ

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ҲʽΪˣȫڹУøǳѰ졣
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棬ʮˣĪϾɲ죬ÿռһɽɽֲħڣЩӹ̡
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ʱѲŽʹ߶ʺȻ죬ʦǧʥ̾򸵺ǧ
ĪϾɲĪЦűУǸʥ̵ļʦ
Ƭ̺ʥ̼ʦżʮʥ̸ֽ˶կɽ֮ڡ
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ĪöűôˣҪǧʥ̾ȥ򸵺ǧ³ʿء
Բ𣬶Բ𡭡ĪϽҿҿˡ
ţĪʦʱǵжűӾɽ֮⣬ܹǧˣ˶ű˹֧Σ
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Īʦʥ̾޵УǴͷΣ
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Ī书ܸߣѾ׼ʦĵزĪϾɲ书ߵһ
֪űҪԼļ黫ֵףһƤףһ˿ףһͰٶˡ
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303 ޵Уűעɨ
һǧȫڵϣԶű˿̹ǵη塣
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ЩԭǾˣˣǻϷˡȫηηµġﵽɫǻкüǧѺˣɽȫǵһмаԶűľӴ޴ʧ
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о纣ʮݳǼصĻӦò䡣ǣǳǳ޴󡣡
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ڣű侹ȻҪҪ켸ˣȥʮˣ
⣬Ƿ
űҴȥһһףԵ
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304 󹦸ɣ
˵ܴɱҪӼ֮ǰ˵ˡ
˾ҶȻӾõУøӵӱȾʥµĺڰʡ
ڰӵзǳߵܶȣʱʱ̿ڹҺ֮תתĹɢޱȹǿϢ
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ԣûо춯صıը
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죬ű򳣬ٳҰ⣡
˵ҪżȥϵĴܶ˵ҷˡűھûз裬ҷǳǡ
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ãҰѼʹ󣬼Ͷģȫ㡣ű
Ϊ˺˾Ҷһĳ̶ֳ˸ģûʲôġ֮󣬶űΪΨһܹˣǾֵεġ

ڣű䣬˾Ҷħٷ򳤣ȫʵУÿһ춼߲ݣʮȾʥˮ
³ǵʿʼƴزһǧ±ҲǶűĪϾɲ
ǱеҪס
Ϊ˵ûм棬³ǵʿ˾ǿ󣬱ܵزԱ;η
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ѵϽ̹ʲôʲô˿Υ֮ǰѵЩ±ɱͷκöˡ
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һֱϴһǧҲԶűԵĿΪֹֻҪűһ£ǵɽ𺣣Ҳԥȥ

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վڸߴĶű䣬һǧˣһһʥţʽɾ

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ǶűµĵţҲѾ׼֧ԭʿʿ򳲿ħѪһǧĪϾɲɣˡ
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常򳵱ȻԣվҪȥִƶģõġʱְǶδ۹ϼ
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ڶţʥţԭʥ̼ʦҵξųܹһǧˡ
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ƺƵǡ
ϵĴɱȥ
ʱձɫɽҡض



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ֻǰ磬˲䱻ɫ⡣
䣡
ɫ͵ر
Ȼ󡭡
һлҷ


307 ɱøɸɾرɫ
һз̫̫ˣ
ûиоʹֱӻҷˡ
ɫ汬˲䣬ֱһװڵһУȫΪ촷ۡ
һͬģнǧϵʿ
ۡһͳ˼ˡ
һĻˣ
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ʵϣűΧݳǵʱµʿɣоͰѾΪСٵ˼
ȻñҲ֪ϡİΧȦȫûá
һ˿ִȴ²ۣű˸òǸݰɣȻôͼĴҶɣһܺǧǧ¿ʺӱ⣬ǿɰӿ
Ƕűһ
Ȼ󱬳˾ɫ棬ƬƬĵˣоֱӻҷ
һ˲䡣
˼˫һҪ
˼жűӪڵдһֹĳ嶯
ģϴôţ
գϴ쵽زҸоԼù٣ţư
ǧԭʥ̾ĿĿȺͳݣҪųȻݺݵʣµһǧʥ¾ҲǱץһǧ±
ǿǵͲˣǻ·
ʱǧԭʥ̾һֱضһǧʿϴԣԶűĸ˳ݣس顣
һЩ־±Ѿе㱻ȳˣǻиǲŵġ
Ҷű侹Ȼȥӵмʮϴ
Ȼһǧ±ȴɣ˾ԵıۣűǷˣǴȥ
ʱЩۣȫ˷ĳݣޱȸǵʿ
ű⾪һԶԶ߸˵ۣĲǷġ
ݳǽϵϾӣһļž
Ȼ͵һ£
ܶ˾Լ϶Ҫήˡ
ոտ򣬵˧űһɱǵ˧һֱɱǧˣ
ҹǣһγǽϰȻ
ʵҲˡ
ɱɱֱһ׵İµĲλ𺦡
Զűղһֻǽһ׳ǽ˼磬ʣġ
ݳʿűĿ⣬ʱ޵ľηͿ־塣

űҰϣضųǽ֮ϣǧʥһ³Ǿţǣ
ʱǧʥһ³Ǿʼᡣ
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ʣµǧʿΧݳǣֻΧȦԵôˡ
顭
һǧ¹ǵʱҲһġ
ڱܵʱҲС
ݳǽϵʿ֪Ӧô죿
ˣû˷ʩˡ
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һ׳Ͻ˳纣顣
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顭
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У˾޴ѹ
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Ȼǽһʮ׵ʱ
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ٵģٵģһǼٵġп
ߵʿӲˣһЩֱѾһΡ

Ͻ͵ذγǹŶűĻ֮͵رҪҷɡ
ȻһΣ
֮û׹ʱֱӱ
䡭
ɫ棡
ףֲ
һα
һĻһĻһݡ

Ͻ鷢˲ʵŭ
Ȼ˲ҷ
ͬʱߵһǧӵľӣȫΪ촷ۣҷ
ǽеʣеʯľͣȫΪ棬Ϊҽ
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ֱһٶڵһУȫΪС
Ƭǽһλָ˰
ǣǽȻ˺ü磬Ǳġ
ȵ棡
ʱһǧһγ棡
ˣ˧Ҳˡ
ݳڳȺˣ
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Ѿˣһٶ׵ĳǽ˭Ҫؾͱɡ
һǧˣǧˣвűһ
ͷ֮Ҳû˸ȥƬհ׵ĳǽ
һĻˡ
ݳǽ飬վʿ
Ψһһٶ׵ĳǽտҲһʿûС
ʿֻܷ֪ԶűĹǾӺáĻԵΡ
ಡ
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ȥȻʿץס壬Ųųǽɿصȥ
Ƭ̼䡣
ӿϳǽԽԽ࣬ԽԽࡣ
ϳǽĶűʿǧ˵ʱ򣬿ʼ󣬹ǽء
Ȼ󣬳ͻ
ˢˢˢˢˢ
Ȼ󣬱Ƕ̱ӣɱ
ʵϸݳǵؾսǲġ
ǣԵľ³ʿԭʥ̾Ƕ־սװһϡ
ϣݳǵ˧ˣȺסʣµʿҲױűǻ֮˵ӣǶ־ȫˡ
νս˲Сʱ
űһȫ˳ǽʮĳǽռһ㡣
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ৡ
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ݳؾױ
ؾڵϣޡ
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ڴʱȻӳзɳ˼ʮֻѻŴǷȥ
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ǡ
ЩѻոշգȻӸ߿ոʮֻӥٶޱ֮죬ץסЩѻ֮󣬷ã˺顣
˾ҶȦӥԾ³ǵӥÿһֻޱǿѾ޴󣬷ٶȼ졣
һҽС
Ƭ֮䣬еѻɱøɸɾ

һʱս
ݳؾɱһ룬ʣһڵͶ
Ŵ򿪣űǣ
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ʱдŽգĿ͵͵
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ⲻ֣Ϊݳͳ½ʮˣű乥ǵĳУǾǵˡ
ݸǰľ޴յϡ
һǧϷ²ڵϡ
Ϊ׵һˣԼʮֽ֮꣬ӡ
дһţ纣űʾݳǣѪսң˫أɱȡű
صǣҪᵽ֮
дд֮ӸϽߵףȻڵϣдһԮš
űĶǰҲдһԮš
ƴͷǣд
ȻҲдһԮš
ֲֻͬűĻֻ֮Ѫսң˫أ纣ϽԮ
űŹڵһǧ²з²±
ѾˣѾսˡ
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⻰һһ²һ⡭ʲô˼
ⲻ˸
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ʱһٵűˣѾͶˣαǣ
ৡ
Ļû˵꣬һԴ䴩
ɱ
űҵȫǹԼȻڵϡ򣬸ɱۣ
һ
ʱһǧ²ޱ߳ܵԼ
ϣ
սϾûϡ
Ƭ֮󣬹㳡һ²ȫĳ˳ޡ
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ԸЧҵģվű
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ܶű漣˻֮
Щ²УűĻ֮Ӧȷʵޣ纣мʮʡأűֻʱӮһǱɵġ
ԣǵȻԸͶǱϵıϻΪʤߡ
ǵȻԸվʧߵһοűǰǹǣЩиӳԹޡ
űܿҾҪɨϣ纣ҪЧҵģгڵ֪ϵѾüˣעҲҶűδעҪҶûбҪֻϣȫǵİղҪҾսǲǵʳʣҲǲսϣʱҾˮˮ
ΧĸݳǰհԼ棬ǽںľŶű˵
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ҾǣҲҪǻģеӭҲϣزҪҾĹκ˾ԲҪŰ벽עעΪϣƽȶɹʱ䡣
ޡ
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һڴģһ
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ʳŮˣ޷ÿˮ߸ֻһҪʱҪ߳š
Ҫ
ΪλҪޣ
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һ²ɵͷһԡ
ŵĿ⣬˺⡣
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űһǧ²г˲ʺͺ⣿ΪʲôҪͶҪǣҸҪҵľӡҼϼʮսҵһ˻ڴսʱңڱҵľһ
ԣǸˣ澡ˣҪסǵԾûгɹűº͡
ʱһǧ²ɫ԰ף
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˵ֱž뿪
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Ѫ죡
³Ǿţʥţɱ䣬նɱ
Ϧ£رɫ
սЩʱʴȵȨûУ



308 ߸űս֮
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纣ڽӴʥ̾ͳ˧˹
һ·ˡ纣һ·Ͽɻ˳
ʥ̵ͳ˧˹ǰıʱ򣬽¾Ѿ齨Զ֧Ԯΰҵ˰ʱ伯ˣһ˼ȫǵأõ˳ֵĲֵõԴΨһҲ˿赲ǵı棬һ·Ϸǳ˳
˹ûбֵö纣ǳ𾴵ӣֱƽƽһʼ纣һÿӳʳֱҪһѵֱԡ
纣Ļüͷɵһ塣
˹ǴǸټģɼȺ۸˺εȵز
˵ĵһı˸ߣʥ̾ǰ˹ﱻ˸ǲģģڳԷʱûʸվߵġ
⻰һ纣ߵ̫౾ܵغ˰벽
纣ԣһһĻ¹٣õһ֧ľӣռһС
˹ĳбΣ
纣ֻǵķ֮һ
˹űı˸ߣܹжپӣ
˾ҡ纣±
˹Ѿƴµģһˣ¾ȻʮѾز𣿻˵ľѾЦزǶ̫ˣѾҪȽˡҿҲԶˣȽľӺսʽ
纣͵һ鴤
Ϊʥ̫Ӵ󣬶纣֧Ԯλ׹˹նˡ
˹£ʲôս̫ˣ̫ˡ
һƣʥ̴ͳ˧˹£սʽѾˣǸ۾ˡھսʤǹҲǱûκ׼ͷͶʯˣǻڣµս֮Ѿ֮һսʮˣǳˣˡ
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˹ʮϢˣҵ׾űǸ˸ߵľ׾˺ĳСҽֻҪһˣͿԽľɱøɸɾԽĳΪƽء
ڴʱ纣һĸʿɿ˽ݸһš
׹纣һ
дţűݳǣѪսң˫ء
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׹纣Ȼ˹ľΣλ¹ٶűһЩϷǲ֮ǻ١Ӷʥ̾ڡ
˹Цһ㶼⣬ǶóľװŪЩ˸߳˷̹֮⣬󲿷ֶϷСóľϷǾӵֻܸ㣬һǰЩʿٵϷҲڵϡڡеһжıˣ˵ȻŻ񣬵һ
Ƕűܹǳ˽λġ
ͬŷͣ͢ǿʱ̣ÿһҪ̻ʵļᡣ
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ţپʿЩѧң󷴶ĴڣȨߴš
˹£ʮҪ׼ʱ䣿
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һҵȥ֧Ԯݳǣֻɸһ򵼡ʥ̾˧˹һһǰδеսݣǸŶűı˸ʲôĳͷұҵսһҲͣˡҪ˼׼ܽСʱʱ䣬Ҿͻöű˸ߵľȫֹʱ䣬ҾͻὫд˷棬;ѾȫҵĽ¿ˣʮ֮ܺأɢ˰ɡ
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˹һڽѾʱЩĶ˼ʶһʲôսˡ

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һǿĸһǿս֮
ҪӰʮǰǺһս˵𡣴Ӷǰѧ𣬶̶̼ʮѾı
űӦԤϵģʦѧ裬ǸѧʦӦ÷ֶߡ
ƼһǷչǱըԵġ
չûô˳ȻǱ˫شֲݣ㲦չ
ȻһϵŷޣʮʮͿʼҲѾ˻ʱʮŷ޻ڸǳΪս֮񣬳սʤ
磬ԭ磬ʥ̵ͳ£Ҳ׷˵߸
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ԣϵͳŻһʥͳεĹСƬǿǰǲйϵҲö֪
۹ʥ̻ڷʱʥڽѾӵˡ
ʧȥڻ޷֪ʥͳνǧƽϵļʮġ
һʷʱڣѾڴ۹սˡ
磿
·һ˫֣Ѵ۹
׼ȷ˵ʮϵ۹ĽӣװѴ۹ڶǺϡ
ûйҲûй
кϵóףϵ۹¢ϡ
ԣڼûгڴ۹սϡ

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˾Уǧˡ
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ھ븻ݳǻһٶʱ绢ǲ˳츻ݳǣȻеĳȥ޻ء
ʱ˸ݳǣ绢ͷƮŴ۹ģʱһ
ݳǡˣ
⡭ɣ춼֧Ųסͱű乥ˣ

绢ǰͷϣǶű䣿
ű׳ֵҡ
绢أأ
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绢ǳڵؾأ
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绢ԼĶ䣬֮ǰ֮Ӻ֮ԮУдѪսң˫ذ
Ȼ죬ݳǾˣȫˣ
ű便õʲôư
Ȼ֪ǣݳǲʱݵģǰ죡
ڴʱһ͵Ĳ˹һֻѩ׵ǰò׼ĺǸ˸߶ű䣿
űųµ֧ӡ
Ȼʥ̵ľţ֮ǰ֪֧ӳŸݳɱҴźֵʡ
˹űĿ˰ӣ˸ߣֳ̫࣬ڰ͸˹ֻ̹˹Ժ浽ǣֻҪһұǰڳκơԶűѡְҵˡӵôƯףһ˸ˣӦ׬ǮǴ˲óĹΪһе쵼ߣΪһŵĳ١ԸȥԺĻԸΪһҺõģҲԸ⾭㡣
İ
ԽУĸ߸ϵĸо
űоһ㣬˹治ǿű䣬Ǵʥڽ̣֮һ硣
԰˹裬űɱ֮ǰһͷж೤
˹شЦȻָųǽϵĶű˸ߣĶˣ֪˵ʲôѾ̫ˣǸͲ֪ԼˡǿѾ˻ΪˣѾıˣսҲѾıˡ
ţ˹͵󣡡
ʱʼڳ

Сʱʥγ˶ʮ̿
ޱ޼ʣƾˡ
Ȼ˵Ļں棡
˹һȵƿ
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¶һʮŻڣĻڡ
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ϵͳʥ̾ʲôű˻Ȿһ֧Ϊλӵѧˣ
ξϵͳĬƬ̵һǰƼ󱬷ʮǰʥ̿Ƶļʮһ˵սʥ̽ڽڰˡʷԵʱ̣ǰʥ̷չ֮·
ű˻Ҳ˵ʥӵѧչȱǰģ
ξϵͳʥģȻʧˣʧܵĹ̺ܸӡ
űҲүϵͳ㻹ʲôӶԹѹڣҩԭѾ߹·
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309 ű侪һ
ΰ˹սϵһʮţһɫڡ
ΪЩڿھԽС̣ԱȽᣬֻһǧ䷽һЩ
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310 ȫ𣡶űɱ
ʥ̵ĻҩԭʼĺڻҩҲûзչζᣬûзչ͡
һĪͣɨ¾ΪΥϵͳĨɱˣʣЩҲűˡ
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312 սű䴴ʷ
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⼸Ψһĵصˡ

ǸԭΣɽǳ࣬ƽرȽ١
ԭϵƽر֮ΪӣʡʮİӣСİİƽ
һƽİҲʮҡ
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ţűһǧٳʮĴʵؿ졣


Ī˾޽һ;±ݣӪ
Ī˾췴ʱ೬פ
ʱ޽ϿԽݣԹ
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֮ķԶԶ縻ݳǣоսԶûиݳɣϾһǡ
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⻹һƣΪɽԵƽظһЩԾӸ¡
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Բʮڵķޣ·ӵӰ٣Լɪɪ
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ʿƴţƶŶپ߾Ͷʯѵǰš
ʱ
ٶ߾ͶʯƵ˴կǽİ׾봦

һ£ʮͬʱ衣
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ǰصĴھկǽİʮ׵ĵطͣ
ʮΪһɫԲΧˮйͨ
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տӹ죬Ȼʮ׵ľƸ̨ͶʯԤ
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կǽĸ̨ű߸߾лڣԤ
ޱȵļ
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ಡ
˼ĺХ̶ֲ
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öڵޱͼ纣С
˲䣬ݿ࣡



313 սѪ籩ű¾
ɫͷ
򳣬ٳ濤ʾһÿһǽ
ܹǧ
ǿսģֻһǧľ³ʿħѪ
оͼɸУвսģǾ³ǵʿ
ǧǶʿʿϹȵɣвսҲвҳ϶ȡ
ʣһǧĪϾɲķ²սҲУҳ϶ȾǿˡҺسսҪҲӵȥһǧѾ䵽С㻩䣬ҲµľЧӦ
ͷ򳳯Ǻ½չˣԬ״ѾʮͣˡбǲͷĪҪΪ˻ȡ
Ǻ½չųͷϵЦ½ǳ͢ѫ󣬴һˡʲôһ˸Լѵȡʵ۳ңƶէҽ֮ѣʲôʸ˵ġ
ǾѫĹͬص㡣
ִ˾ԵԽСĹҲأΪҲʷ
˵ȫǳ׵Ӻ͵⡣
ѫĸϴģʷĻЩ˵ƾʲôܶʮʮͺƽƽ
˭Ǻƽƽ˵Ȩˣһū澶ѣ
죬ʲôҪ˵ˡǺ½չˣжűС˹أϧڳڰȻ뿴һʮС˹ôϰɫܱģôģڣС󰡣ǿ
ʱļȻЦ
ǣɫڶ˶űѹε֬࣬ϡǺ½չɱȥˣһ𷢲ƣ
˹ɫлҵӣűոսɻĪϾɲʮħࣨѻƬ
ţǺ½չɢǽ֮¡
Ǽ黫ȴûһ𹥳ǣֻһǧ򱱱߳ǽ
ǧʼվǽ״ʱԽֲһ⼸ǽؾʼ޷֧Ԯǽ
룬ڵͶʯҲѴ򵹵ˡ
ǺǧоҲûдͶʯ
԰ɫⳡսֱʡȥͶʯĳ
࣬鳼ɱű䣡
ɱɱɱ
Ǻһ£ǧ÷ɢƣűǽȥ
ӿĴٿǽϵؾһǽܹһؾǧ³ǵĺʿսǧĪϾɲʿĿ˸
ٳһǧ³ʿΪԤӣΣؼʱ̲ϡ
ɱɱɱɱ
ǺǧпţƳ죬ԽԽ
𱦽͵նµǿ󣬷ţ
ʱļپ߾ǿ͵˼ǧ֧ǽϿգγһϬĻߣǺĹǴȥ
ಡ
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ǧ֧ɱ˼ʮˣеͣΪǺǵľ̫ɢˡ
ܿ죬о˶ڡ
й֣Ԥţ
ʱмپ߾ǿһʿ乭˲䡣
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˲Һء
Ԥţ
ڶּּּ꣬꣬ꡣ
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սʱ̾ͽ˰ȻĲ̽׶Ρ

ڰɫǴսԭʼű֮սԵûࡣ
ʮڵ֮ڣֱǾ˵ģ
ڵͬһ㣬͵ϵĴ֮С
˲䣬翪һѪ·
֮Ѫ֫Һʬ壡
ǵһ䣬ԭʲ̫ڴġ
ǣʮ̫ܼˡ
ͶʯĻԶԤУȻǰܡ
ڵٶʵ̫̫ˣ˲
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ৣৣৡ
һһѪ·
µڵ֮󣬿ʼ
κʿ֮󣬲㴩ʲôףֱ屻Ҷϣ򴩡
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˲䡭ľƵͶʯֱӱ˺ˡ
űʮŻڣһ䣬˵оǧ˵ݻͶʯ
սֱǻԻˣԶű󣬺Ͱ˹һʮڵȫͬն
հ˹һʮڵҲƾˣ춯ء
ǣĳǽұϾڣ׵ľ룬ԶԶʮڡ
ؼϴ̫ܼˣûκ塣
ԣһʹ˻Ի͵ս

տ纣ȫһĻˣ
ڻǲǲ֪ʵѾ˰˹Ĵꡣǵð˹Ǵ۽ʱ򣬰˹˵ս֮һʬɽѪ
Ȼ˹ݳǻˣһٶŻڸûзӳκô
ԣϾͱܾҲôһ£ֻǰ˹˽ⶫдѡ
ںܶУûڲûбͶʯá
ϾͶʯһҳȥһٶľʯֻʮѡ
ȻЩڵ˶űУȻ˾˵ɱ
һڻʹǧ˵
ؼеҲǶֶϽţ̫ˣ̫˲ˡ
ϵǶٶ߾ͶʯһֵĹɹأ
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ΪƱȽϸߣ÷Ͷʯ˳˴Ĺ㣬ϵһֵͶʯɱУ˳ɵľʯ˴կǽǰĿյϡ
һɶľʯ˴ڣҪôڿյϣһʮ䷿ӡ
ǣʯ˴կǽ
ȻԤ˾ʯ㣬Щկǽϵʿʱˡ
ɴ˼ʮ˵ҰѴկǽҳ޴ȱڡ
Ͼǳǽֻľͷѳɵկǽ
䡭
ʱʯկǽһĻǷǳ𺳰
̵կǽֱӱ˺һ޴ѿڡ
ߴ̫տ֮һϲ
УһͶʯͻڵĶԺУϵͶʯû䣬Ӯˡ
ΪڹһɱԷʿΣؼǹƳǽ
һֺűĴկǽֱӱ俪ȱڣ⵱Ȼһ޴ʤ
Ƕڶű䣬ȴȫһս
ߴ̫տͶʯկǽ˺飬ô۹˹ľ޴ء
ţϵĶٶͶʯֿʼ˸ӶּѵĲ
ҪͶʯķλ׼Ϊղŵһ׼ǴġҪͶʯֳִֵ׸þȫ
һٶʯ֮ϡ
Ҫ˾ŷҡ
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ֶӣ
ֶӶѣ
Ϊ⼸ֶרҵģٶţȻ󽫻ҩֱͲٽڵ룬䣡
Щҩȫ˿ģҽ͸˻͡ȼձըʱǳףлҡ
˷ӺͰֶӣֱ֮
ԡ
ϴûдӵһֵڻӦ
䡭
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һ䣬ʮöڵʮöУʣ¶ʮöϴĿյϡ
ڶ䣬֮ʴ
顭
ѪȲ̵һĻһγˡ
ٷеһ翪һѪ·
ʿһιǺ֫бҷɡ
͵ȫ޹ɣȺкֱײ֮ʬء
Ȼ⼸ڻĿʵǵ˵Ͷʯ
ڶ䣬ʴﵽ˰ٷ֮һٵֱӻ̨˵ľͶʯ
һδݿ࣬˺ѡ
ô죿տ
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纣ɫ࣬һ
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ǵͶʯҪӲһκʱ䣬űĻڿԽʮκˡ
ʱ䣬ϴȫǱľ棬̫ˣʿ̫ˡ
̫δľѾ˵ͶʯկǽͶʯĵڶֺһҪɣϷԡ
䡭
䡭
䡭
űĻһһ˻
һαһ׼һαһξˡ
ৣৣৣৡ
̶̵İӣ̫տ˵·һô
ӣľԽԽࡣ
ľʿԽԽ͡
ֱ棬Ͷʯĵڶֺˡ
ܣΪûпڡ
纣ԸܿµҲҪ̫ӵĲɽϷԡ
ԣֻҧгݿһĻ
űʮŻޱȷÿһͺһΡ
ÿһζ춯أÿһζҪݻļͶʯÿһζҪϴļǧ
ۼʿѾ˾֡
ȫǱ򣬺޻֮
ʱ纣տͬʱһ
ͶʯѾˣҪ̭ˡ
ڣΪδսľ
ԭ˹ûдţս֮
Ǻʥѣ˶ű֮󣬾Ϳʥ̹򼸰Żڣǧ֡
Ǹʱϴɨ۹

ڣ̶Ӻ
ϴͶʯ׼ˡ
ʱѾܶűڵʮڻˡ
ٶͶʯݻ˰ʮߣǰϴѾòȱˣȱһڣȱһڡ

ֵҷˣ
̫տһͶʯ˺կǽţ
ಡ
ʣµһٶͶʯһη
ͬʱűʮʮڵĵʮŷ
䡭
ৡ
µڵһνɱ
顭
һΣʮ߾Ͷʯ˺顣
ü֮
Ͷʯһٶʯ¡
顭
һΣսȻࡣ
ֻʯݺڴկǽϡ
˲䣬˺ȱڣ˶űһٶʿ
ã̫տ
ű䣬ղ˺ܾá
ڣѾ·һˡ
̫տһսѾӮˡ
ΪűصĲһǣһľ޴ӪݣկǽҳŸȱڡ
ϻнʮ
ûгǽʮűࡣ
پĲҲɣοűУһ±
̫տ͵ذγ˻棬̤ƽ˹űľӣնɱ
һ£
Ĵʱس棬ŶűĴ
һ̣ͬһ㣬ҵز
ϴͬºڰˮűĴ·ֽŴĳǱһ㣬·˲ͻᱻݿ塣
һǧ±оԼܺ
˼ųˮһĵˣͷһհףֽȫӲ
ˣˣο϶Ҫˣ϶Ҫˡ
˼˼ģȻ˶ű䣬Ҫˡ
ű˰ɰǿˣ

˿űһսѾˣΨһĽȫˡ
ʮŻںһӾͺɱһˡ
ûʱˣϵļʮܿҪˣկǽѾ˺üȱڣݶҪˡ
֣ܺ
ϼʮկǽ֮ЩҲҪɻˡ
ˣô򲻹ʮ˵ġ
ųˮϴűģ
ɣţҩȫµ
ȻʱǺֱִһͲڵͿˣװʱԳһ㣬Ҳǳһ㡣
ʵĵﵽʮﵽʮ󼸰ٿŵ裬ÿһŶӵͷ
еȫװϡ
ʮڷʵڵĻ̴ﵽǧףЧ̴ﵽһǧס
Ļֻ̾ײЧ̸ֻҡ
ϴԽԽԽԽ
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ʱկǽʿȫ乭
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ס
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µĽ籩
˲䣡
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Ѫ֣
ɲǼ䣬ޱȾ޿ֲһĻˡ
ǰϴͬһ㣬ƬƬ¡
µɱɱ


314 ʮ򣡴սϴ
ৡ
ſ񱩵裬ǹ֧ӵ
ÿһŵ10ңʮ͵ҪСһЩҲͨӵͷ
Ⱪһ㼤ȥ
ϴ׸޷赲ֱӾͱ͸ˡ
ϣǾǸ
ԴϣҲһ
˫ϣֱӶۣ̱ڵء
ԣϳǰĴ·һޱȾ޴ݺһ¡ͷ·˻ݺײڽʯһ㣬ʱ顣
һ˲䣡
ʿ볬ǧˡ
ΪŻĻлм֧꣬һǧ¾Ͳ˵ˣ³Ǻʥ̾ļǷǳġ
ʱ䣡
ϴĳͷֱͣ
վڸ̨̫տԼ۾
֪ڷǳǸոնűʮڻҲֻǴһҵѰ
һڻϼ֧꣬Ȼǧʿ
ǰʿ˲䱻ˡ
Ȼ֮䣬Χֱͬӵˣʬ塣
壬壬塭̫տҺߣɱۡ
ǰʿ߾Ŷƣͷƴǰ塣
ֶӺ
䡭
ǵһĺһ
ڵļ֧꣬һο
ৡ
ĵ裬һαһ

һΣո
ϵܼĳ飬һ֮ͬµһ㣬һƬ
ǧʿһβҺŵ¡
̫տ۾Ѫ˻壬壬塭

ϵĳҲҪˡ
ŲԶǵկǽǰˣȴ·ġ
ǵկǽǳѾҳ˺üƿˣ·һˡ
嵽կǽʤ嵽կǽʤ
ϵʿֻһͷͷƴǰ塣
쵽ˣ쵽ˡ
ֻмʮˡ
Ȼڴʱ
䡭
һĺһ
Ȼ󣬿籩һĵ裬һη
һηո
ѪһηɽһγƬƬϾӵ¡
塭
ϵľӷͷ棬ȫڶ
̧ͷһǰկǽˣ׸ߵկǽݶҪֱͿȥ
ؼǣկǽ˺˾Ÿѿڡ
ϵĴһַ׷ƴ󲿷ֳկǽȱӵȥ
կǽϵĶűӣ׷װεֱӽնϡ
Ȼ乭׼䡣
׵ľ룬³ʿļ׼ȫǾ˵ģȫ˰ٷ֮ʮƽ֧ɱһˡ
ϵľҲ׷ó
ȻȫЧ
űоӣȫ³ǵľףȫͨļͬһ㣬Ч
ϵļʮֻĲ״󲿷ʿֻܴ׺ֽס
С׺ֽףǺǿģҲܷס൱ֵĹ
Ǿ³ʿļˣҹҲǿԶԶ˴۹ӡôľ룬׺ֽȫֵס
£һ³ʿȫһ浹ɱ
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ѪȲ̵һĻˡ
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ڵɱ˼֮ࡣ
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ﳤկǽʱѪȵ
ǲ׸ߵկǽȥ˴ʱȴ·ǵһ
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̶
ˣˣˡ
һҴӼҪˡ
ձˣҪױˡ
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䡭
űʮŻڣɰԭеƵʷ䣬ոŵ˵
ļɲ乭
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ϴҴȫ˻ش֮С
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ϴһֹʧܣʮˣˣࡣ
ȫ˶͵ӪΧ纣
֮ʣµĶʮͬһ󳷡
顭
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ϡ
纣ĹӪޱȵѹ֡
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Ĵ˾취ٵűʮŴڣ򡭡ⳡսûˡ
̫տ֣ȥݻٶűʮŴڣ
·ԭǿͨģΪʥԭк֣ܶʥ֧Ԯһ֡
ǷǳΣȥɱűʱ򣬱üɱ˽ʮ֡
֮ʥ̾־һαѣǧʥ̾Ͷ˶ű䣬оͰ˼ʮ֡
Ȼϴһִ֣Ļ˵Ǻ˵ĸ֡
Ǿǹ纣
ǡҪù֣ݻЩ

ɫǣ
ҹĻ٣ļսڽˡ
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սԶԶűˣֻǺǧԼҲﵽǧҡ
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ܱڣ򳣬ٳ濤ɫǳء
濤ȻųʵֻࡣĪϾɲЩ˵̫ˣѾ׷ˡ
ٳĪϾɲһʿͶʱ̫ˣиʱ䣬ǿԽǱɾĲӡڣǵսǳ֮սȡУ޶־˳һӦܡ
ǵܹסɫǶã
ٳǺľӳںͱսȻװãսȷʵֻǼʮû⡣Ԭ׵ڼʮ⣬ʱԸϵǵ³ǵĺʿȻУҲǳ¸ңϾ̫ᣬһսʿԬ׵侫һҲɫǣΣˡ

Ǻ½չľӪڣ
ɫҲÿ칥ǧˣһɡ
Ұɫؾļͺ;ԶȥȷʵΪ˻ȡ
ڴʱһγˡ
ˣԶܼĽŲ
顭
һ
űıЦǺǴѡʧǧӣҸ㲹һ򣡶ҷϵ۹ľλһ򻧽ף컪
ߴ뺷򻧽ժͷݼǺ
Ǻһ͹ǲˡ
ǺЦһ绢ұ֤֮ڣ°ɫǡ
ϣǺ½չƴһöү
һǳƯˣҲ˸ˡǺ½չһһߺ˭С˹
ǸöүĵūǶű䣬ūǶű䣡
Ǻ½չЦʱöүѪ죬ͷ·űһ㡣

սµһ쵽ˣ
գϵսԷǳһд۴ݻٶűʮŻڡ
Ҫ֮£纣Գ֡
ʱ纣һֳֿۣµĺڰս˳ս⡣
ͬһ֧һɽ
纣ǰΪ书죬ȫʢڵʦټͤʦҲĶ֡
ΪȻҪԳȥݻЩˡ
գ˳֣עűлȫݻ١λסмʮȴҪԳ֣Ƕ֮裡纣ŭ
ʱ̫տʥ̼ʦмȫڵء
˵ûǵĳ衣
Զסһգ購纣
ͬһ㡣
ȻֳսҪʾűĴҪȥԴݻٶűʮŻڡ
Ȼʱ
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һ졣

ѹ
һһ¡
Ƭ̺󣬾ͱꡣ
̫տϲ죬׹衣
ʥ̴˾裬űĻھͷˣ춼վߡӴӴ꣬꣬꣡
̫տڵϣ꣬꣬꣡
ڵϴ꣬꣬꣡
ʮڵϣͷƾ˵纣꣬꣬꣡
ղһĻȷʵڱ纣
Ϊ֮ǰϻ̫Ҳ
Ȼ纣γսŭʱ򣬾ѹȻ
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սսˣ
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315 ȫű䣡纣
ɫͷǰδеļս
ԸоˣչǵľԶոӾ
ⲻǺľӡ
ľûôǿװҲûôá
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׼ȷ˵ڴ˼ΪĸսɣɱǶʮԺʼģϾ³ǵҪܶࡣ
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մ̫ȫʤ˴۹ĸ˰˳ɣ˰˳ɣΪһС˾ļвվڴ̫һߣ̫۲ΰԷǳƲΪҪĺձ̫ܾ
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űǰһˡ
纣սŻԵŶűնɱȥ



316 ǣĻ
纣书ֱǾġ
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ܿ죬纣ùһ޴ľӣԭװڵġ
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ӰԽԽԶƬ̼ͳʧҰС
̵ģ簡
һ书ԸߵزȻ޷ɱǧˣǼǧҲס
սϣ¶űǧҲ纣ǿûа취

ڤɵĻɫҶű䣬ȻֵݳǣͣһͬĻмֻͤ˶Զű䲻ˬԸ档
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ű˵һȥڤɣԲڡҲ汻纣ץˣΪ˾Ҳյأұ纣ڣǻڣϾͲ㳹׽ôȥڤɡ
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ұߣ纣ץ棬ֻʱ䡣ű֮ڲǣҪܶˣһΪ纣ɣҲΪ纣ʬ⡣ֻд´纣ǳ׽ⳡң
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317 纣֮ڰű
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Ϊޱǿ˼ʮҾܹΪˡ纣ҷʥ̣Ҳϵ۹ޱʹ࣬ΪʥʹĽֻǰ˹֪ʲô𣿡
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纣һֱҲԸšȴһֱһпµʵң֮ӡһֱһΣޱȸӵξкöֽһҷһΪ֮Ƚѡһ㽫ɱˣһ޸ΪޣÿһΡ
ѹ֣յʱ򣬱ܶԶű亰˷ҡ
纣֪㱳һޱضǿ֧ţͬʦʥڽ̵ǰʥĵһһֱ룬Ȼʥ𣬳ɹ֡ղǱճΪʬ⣬൱ֵ书Ϊɡű֮Σ
ǰǸűҲ
ԲһǣǰֻϵͳİܣջĨɱˡű䡭Ӧξϵͳİˡ
纣飬ҲòĴڡ۹ȫǧΪ˵۹߹ԱһҰָͷġ㾹Ȼ𣬲ʮ˹ʥ̴ͻڵġؼǣǰδеҵʮҲòĴڡ
𶫷ǳСҲ֡纣̾ϢһֱܷһֱðաôһξðһΰɣˣҾͰѶעѹ֮ϡҶˣϼȻҶӮˣϼ廹ӭԼĻԻ͡
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ȻҪõϼͶҪ֤֮纣书ű书㡣˫һս㲻ҷˣ֤Ǹ֮տϼ壬ͻΪ㳹׵ҹ㲻֮ǾͲҪҵ·ͷǣȥɣ
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318 ЧҶű꣡Ǻĩ

һ͵س˹
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տһ˿տ濤


ű䣬㲻ɱң㲻ɱңǵ۹ûлʵ۱µּ⣬㲻ɱҡ
Ǻ½չøɸɾ֮ʣ¶ͦҲš
Ȼͬһ˵汻١
ʱ˻ģɱͷٶζġ
ʱűҲ˲űˣоרҵĹˣշǳá
ңԱ߻һ׼ʱ̸Ǻ½չġ
֮һǧ֮ǰ˾Բ

һµʱǺ½չޱĲҺ
űˣűүүҰɣҰɡ
űүүǸ̫ˣū澰ɣɱңɱҡ
Ǻ½չƴغޡ
ɫеʿҾǣʳŹӣ˸߲ҡ
ͬʱ
һ߳ǽĿյϣĲҺ
򳣬꣬ˣѡԴ
ģӵģũѡűµĵš
ʣµıƦ
պֱӡϣһū֣ռ˰ס
ֱӴùڣȻͽһϣһٸһܣͬһ㣬ȥؽ󣬾οū
ϵӵһ²ʼշǳͶˣҲûκ֮ûҪͶű˼
ΪǶʿӵޱǿĿɽ˸ǣ㱻ҲҪóԺúȵ̺ţȻȵϵʹ֮󣬶űֻܽȫͷš
Ȼû뵽űײУûκн֮⡣
ֱӽǰøɸɾڣպֱӡǵϡ
ū

Ⱥʿ̲סҺ
Ϊ̫ˣΪūӡ֮Ҳ޷ˣеĽױˡ
෽ϵķ²Ը裬ֱӱ𷴿
ȻѾûףûˡ
зߣȴǵֻѪȲ̵ѹ
зߣȫȻʬһ·֮±ɹ
ζˣһһĵˡ
һ·Ѫһ·ᣬһ·׹ǣ²󣬸ȥ˸󳡡
ս
ս˵壿
ǸⲻǴҲִ򣬶ʮ͡
ܿܣǾԵ
ϣű뿪ˣǰ˴һͬǰģʥŵĸ졣
ʱڻ²
նű֮֮ţͬĩսһ㡣
ϵĶʮȫ𣬶˹ڵ
֮ǰű뿪ʱϵ²ڴڲ뿪ҽֻʳ
Ѿʱȥ
²ڣ֤Ѿĳ׾η˶ű䣬Ѷű䵱ˡ
ʱߣΪûһ˿ǡ
ѾˣǴĵķӺ;ηǿ϶Ѿ뿪ȥʳˡ
顭
űʥŵĴ죬мʱ
ʱ˼˫͵۾
ˣѾˡ
ȻľڴһѾˣûһ˿ǣȻûߡ
Ŷߣ
Ϊǧʵʬ塣
϶Щʵڶܲ׼뿪ʣµļɱˡ
Ϊű˵ﲻҪ˭ҪˣΥű
ű˭
һͷŵ֮Ƭɱʮˣˡ
ǿκΥű˻ẦˣǾȺ֮ЩҪܵɱˡ
űߵʥĴЩˣΪʥŵ±Σ
űĵڶţʥţĴ۾
̫˰
ˣֱõıԴ
ΪҲűˣη壬ȣ֮ϴԶҪˣֻҪѵһ֧ޱȵʥš
ű²һϢķ²ʵǣԸЧ𣿡
²۾ޱ˷ܣޱȽѹڵߵ׵ݼˡ
꣡
꣡
꣡
һ𣬶űʥֱൽ
Ȼսǿȴű䣬ηű䣬㹻ˡ
õĽǾͻΪȵʥš

򳣬ٳ˾ѡ󣬴Ǻӷ²ѡǧˣ˵С
ˣɽһһǧ˶ѡ
ԭڵŵĪϾɲһǧˣǧʿڰɫս˹롣
űĵһţʿţ֮࣬ʿȻ룬Ϊǵʵ̫ˣһǧܹ֮˳ӡ
ڶţʥţˡ
ֻһһǧ˿϶ǲġ
űҵտ
տҵĵ̫ˣֻһһǧˡͶľж٣űʵ
ܹһǧˡտϺ˾ľ񡣡
űڽ࣬ĵţ𣿡
տ̹µ֮һǬϡ
űǺãʣµˣΪľţͳ˧
տߵ׵лߵغ֮ľ౨
ˣű½ӵĴţܱﵽʮ
ӵʮӣűϼʡȫݺ޵С
ɾһٳǿʢʱΪϺİ

տڣ
տĿ
һŮ˽ıԦ
磬ǵľӱָһ룿Ԧӣ˼ĵţĵţ󲿷ֶ˾˵ľӣҶűĸŵˣ
տе飬㲻ҪҴûҲй¶䡣
Ԧֱ磬Ѿ㹻˰ɡǵʱûз֮ûѡЧҷϵҲûѡʥ̣ѡЧҶű䡣Ǹô࣬ûǵͶЧңűô׵õ˾أô׺ɨϣ϶жΪλҪǣ
죡տ㲻ͱ졣Ҹ״ͶµǾѾǾԵĶˡҰʮȫңҲҽӡ
Ԧ磬ˣ㲻αģͺ˵Ļ㵽ôģ
տԦ֪ʲôСͺܴ̫ˡھ͸ԦĴ֤˶ű֮ĸۼ˶űΪǿޱȵĺڰҪôģҸ㣬ûгҷǳлϲԣҪץסλᣬϼһһδûйĻԻ͡ҺѾһĬǧǧҪƻˡ
У߹ùãѺӻеӣеʳе֯ޱؽտӽԺ͹ùòҪҽСΪǻΪǮӣҪ;˽ܡ
Ԧ۾ͨ磬ĵģ
տԣĵġעǸģһץסκβ
ԦҶˣֻǿһ̶ȣſϡ
տ˵ִܴҪС
Ԧ˳ȥ
տ۾
տͷǳɫ纣֮ǿٵس
ףģһʧġ֮ͿңһϼһػػԻͣһץסɶ磬ϳΪĶż塣

˼ڷż٣ص˼С
ʮӵľýӡ
ôࣿӾ
˼ʲô˼ûмʶͶӡǰ;˵ʲô
ţ˼ص˲СĹͣն˺ܶ׼ԶһϷ˵ǵڶҪһδ࣬ɶ磬ҵλҪһֱٻ
ģޱȾϲ
˼С㣬С㣬黹ûж㲻ҪҳȥϹţ
ţ˼СӻóһȻǶűĻ
űĻڼд롣
ְ˼ף޽
˼ޱϵع¿ͷ
Ӻϸһߴ㵣֮ǰ˼ǿڿԶű䲻
ʱȻȰڻҪ
Ӷʱм˰ű˲һ׵ġ
˼Ͻסӵ֪ʲôΪƨû˿ƨҲûðҸǣͲǷˣ·֪ۼģǼ˶ۼġ
ȷʵۿģű֮֮ţɱ纣ʮ
һ˼ڳӵʿһΪ˶űľԲзۡ

ǣ
Ѿ׶ˣӶûˡ
ʵѾݵƤͷˣΪѾһַǳľ״̬

־
ַǳ
̫׿ʼˣߵ׵ʣűǱ߻ûϢµϢǺ½չԬʮΧɫǡűʾķʮĴα纣ʮΧɫѾˣűѾȫˡ
ʵûг
̫ӵѾʼȥˣٹգǰվͻģˡ
ʵû
̫ӵʲԸϵЭԸԼҲҪȫǰ񡣵ΪӣɼԳȥͷŻ̸УԸȥ̫֮λԸԲãȻ븸ΪӡʲʲܺͷϵЭ
ʵ͵һ۾̫ӣ޻ˡ˵ˣһ˵㡣ڡǾ͵ȰɣȶűϢһֱȵûʸΪֹ
ʲôʱʵûʸȣ
ǰմģʱ򣬻ʵ۾ûʸˣֻȥȡǰڵ·
Σ˾ġ
ϵľ棬Ѿ˲ұϣˡ
ʮű䣬ɶؾˡԻʵȫǰһж죬ȥ
Ȼ洫һļٵĽŲ
ͤ˽Ϊ̫ˣҲֱˤڵϡ
ȻҲˣÿݻƵϣ˷ܵĳ졣
λ˷ܵü˵촽ǲġ
ϲ£ϲ¡
ű䲮ϴȫʤα纣ϳͶα棬ȫնɱ
Ǻ½չѾܣ䱾Ѿű䲮ٴ
۹ѾƽϢػص۹ͼ
ͤĻ󣬻ʵ͵һ𣬷·ȫԼĶ䡣
ţɿͤеš
ûǶűױš
Ӯˣ
ӮˣӮˣ
ʵ棬ȫ֡


321 ϵ𺧣ű
ʵ۹ڵأߵ׵ϣһڵĽɽûджϣ¡ߵлү֮ߵлű֮㵹
̫ӣѩҲȫˡ
ű侹Ȼˣ
ôİ
ȫ޷󰡣
棬Ѿ˰
纣ĽʮǺԬ׼ʮ
űžӰ±
һսôİ
⡭ˡ
ʵɹڵϲ̫ҲѩҲһ𣬹ڵϡ
ο۹ڡ

Ԭһˡ
һιɫǣȫǺ½չڳϷ
Ԭ״ֻڱѹѡ
ǺĴ˰ɫǣǻʲô
ǵȻ½չ۽ԬֱӰıȨߣϵһ½չ߸߹ȨûС
ڷϵУǺ½չͷβֻһڻҶѣϾӵڻҡ
թԬףͷҲûгɫǣֲ֮ϰԼеľӽǺ½չ
Ŀֻһ
ݰɫǱѻʵ۵Ǻǳ͢ѫ󣬺ͷϵ޹ء
½չڷϵļƻУǵ͵ȥڹȥĽɫ
½չӣǸ֮λԻ۾ǻ裬½ϼ˰Ļҵܵøɸɾˡ
֪½չܣűɱʱ
ԬȫԼ۾̫߳Ҳܷ
űٵǱɵľ氡ڲˣһȫʤ
жô𺳾Ԭһʱ䳷ˣͣ㳷˵ǣǽֻһҹмٳˣһֱ˵ݳǡ
ݳǱŴ󺣣ڶӵı£ԬײŸеȫ
ʱѲŽѾݸˣݸ۵ĵߴ
Ԭȥ󣬶Žݸһš
Ԭ׽ӹһ
ͶʮЧҶű䡣
Ԭ׿֮󣬽һģЩʹر۾
ôİԬɳƵڴֹطķʮĴӪű纣ʮȫʤ⡭ôİ
Žʥһͳ˧˹֧Ԯ纣Ҵ˶ŻڣʮŴűС
Ԭ׾ʥ̰ѻ˴۹Ƕʥ̵Լдʥ̿ǲ֧Ԯ纣óʮ䲻֧ԮκλڣҲ
ûϴĳ̶ֳϣǽڶʥ̵Լϵġ
ԬŭʱԼдԾԲѻڴ۹ĵϣԲ۾硣ȻǶҲлڣĻڡ
ŽԼڰǰǵĽӺʥĽӡһ޴Ħһսǰ˹ŶŻڽԵɡ
Ԭ׵űõʮŻڣҲҲ޷纣ʮɱøɸɾôİ
Ž̾Ϣ̫ˣһ㣬ôǿ󣬽Ȼ˶ű䡣ѾΪ֮ƣƾҵѾѹƲסˡ
Ԭ׵ƾҶʱű׾١پ£Ƕ̵½ű䡣
ѲŽԬѾܹˡپµսǣսĿȺеֶѾȹ滮ˣǣһȫһӶȫ֡
Ϳǵ̸ˣ̺ͶŻֳͻʵ̸ôѲŽҧгݵűС˹ҷϵ֣ǰ;ôأǰŵʱôû·ֱӰ׵أ
Ԭ׵һ֣ϵһ۵㡣δپͳһǣӴ۹ʱҪڸҪͳ˧۵㶼Ϊйǵİѱ
Ž˭˵أС˹ôͲȥأ

һׯ԰ڣ
ǰڸ׸еţʱ˼˺üꡣ

һһ
棬Żɫ粻
ŻޣһöӰ̵
ŻӢһ鴤һֱ̲ס˵һ仰
ãҾͷѵûУʱҾ;òֲ꣬šŻɳƵʱҾҪҪʱŪǸû˻ģ֥ûбΡҵʱΪβСء
Ż޴ʧ̬ġ
ǽʵ̲סˡ
ӣһڶΪһڴ۹Ϊıȡһζűȫʤڴ۹һӣᵹùģŰɣᵹùġ
Żһγ鴤
ᣬĿֻһǾǳΪδ۹ࡣ
Ϊıȡ۹νŻѪһôһͷԼС
ڤô£˻ôһҪŪű䣬Ϊξͱ˸סˣǸСˣʲô£űֹ£
űôӮİôӮİǰ׸ݣȫܻӮģôӮİ
ɣȥͻʵ̸Ż޵սòĶ̸гܹõ

գͶŻ޽Ϊ˱ʾ̸еĳ⣬ֱӴһʳ
ʳֻеһˡ
ڻʹڣ¸˼º󣬶Ż޺ͷһμ˻ʵۡ
°²ô˰ߵ׿£Ҫ尡
ʵϣһһ׵غ࣬ؿǰڸ׸ݡ
ŻǰŶű侹ȻնɱǺ½չ֪бּ⣿ǺȻϾǳ͢ѫûлϵּ⣬ű˽Խٴ̫Űˡ
ʵ۳űѩȥűּ𣿡
ѩеģһζȥű䴫ּȥзּдս£űһԾ֮¡
ʵ۵ŻޣּġԶű佫Ǻ½չٴǺϺġ
Ż޵ϱϾǳ͢棬տα̫ӡű䲻ñּ⣬Ȼ˽ԽͶЧң·װһΣʮЧ˶ű䡣ճ͢ɷտ֮ףٴġ
ʵ۵ԣЩסּǳտоλɽοʹְ֮տΪɽνڰɫܱűЧ
Ȼ󣬻ʵ۳ŶŻ޵ڣˡ
ͶŻ޶һۡ
ʵ̫ǿӲˣ̸вˡ
Ż޵žǰѾٲͨʳٲҪʮ򣬼ʮˡ
ʵû˵
Ż޵ֵ＾ȫص˵ев˾˾˾֣˰ӵ˺ϣܹС
һǧٰʮӡǵһʣнϵĸ˰Ѿϣ۹ϴңǱߵ˰ӦǺˣҺӱϣɽ󺵣Ը˰Ӧûжˡʡĸ˰Ӧճ껹Ļ곯͢ĲӦóǧӡ
۹϶ǱĩߣΪ𣬺ó׵ǰ٣ӿһ硣
Ż޵ֵܿˣɽǱߵľãɶǱߵľãҪˡǧӿ˺ȴ˲ʱ۹ҵġ
ǳˣŻҪǧӣ˵ʳΪ룬׼ȷ˵ǾǰȻʵĳЭ
ȻʵϣЩ˰Щʳڴ۹Ҫʵеġ
Ȼ꾭˲˿ۣ̰ٵȡ֮ǿֻһǧѡΪûʵЭֱӼӵǧ
ǧӣʵȫǶȻûôԣ
ʵ۵ֱ˵˵Ҫʲô
Ż޵½ּտ׽ýٴű˲ּ֮˾ൣα̫ࡣ
ɱտǴű䣬ǱȻʵۺͶűѡ
öűα̫࣬±ص̫࣬߸߹
ŻЦڶűϵľӣȫԷΪ֣һֽϹȱǲѩȥϣһ̩ɽ
⻰һȫš
Ż޵飬ȫǶԱġֻҪ´ӦˣǰɻǧҲ˳⣬¿ϱȨϲű䣬ǾһͳΪһľβ󲻵
⻰û
ٱ濴Ż޵Իʵаһ
űĶʮ֫һָȱһָѩȫǻʵεҳ
ʵۺ޲Ӧأ
Ż޵Ǿǰ񳹵׶Ҫɽɶ֧ҪģǷˣǸʱŮ۹ͱֱ룬Ҵ֮֮飬ҲΪ˱ȫű䰡ٵ־ʧһʲôҰģǽǱ纣Ļ
ʵ۾ŶŻ޵ǧ˰ҪŪֻǹ·Щӵ޵ת֮Ҫɶɽ·߾ʣµĻҪ֣ҪԱٺ»Ҫӣ㣡ɶĴɽĴи·߾ǷϵԼȥͺˣԬЩͷ᲻ҧǣǿɲô۸
⻰ǰûġ
Ҫ۹ľӺ͹Աģֲǽʵ˽
㷽ϵסӣǶ¹Ա;ӵĲ·
Ż޺Ǿǰأ
ʵ۵ּ̫
̫̹¡
ʵ۵ͤ춫֣̫ӽϣݱֱ̫ϵǻ
⻰һŻɫ䡣
ǾԵɱˡ
ϵԾǰΪʣֱ̫ڶűıµǻ
Ǿ͵ֱӸ˶űЮȨ
鷢չǸ棬ԷϵǼȲġ
ĬãŻ޵£Ǿֻһ׽տٴֻҪӦּ⣬ˣϳͨԴԴϵʳԶԶϵӣͽ
ò˵ŻǼݶġ
ʵۼԸ⶯ű䣬Ը֫ľӣǾͰĿտϡ
Ͼɱտ˳ġ
Ȼһ׽տٴ
ôͶű̾¡
ʮģģ̻ģ󳡵ȵȳġ
ϵͶöűջĲʮĲҵĳУ֯
Щöű˲ǿʹľӲ޸֮Ƽ
ɱտڶűϵĸ

֮
ɫУűյһš
д֮ˣǶű伸δ̫ӡ
Уֻ̫Ƿǳ͹۵˷ϵֻҪ׽տٴ˺̳ͨǰ̵þȣǧ˰̱ϣ⡣
Ҳ˵տϵͲָˣҪǰ
ͬʱ
տķһ͡
տʦ֣
ʦܣͷˣűΪ˼ӹٽҪ㽻֮ˣܿҪѺٴˡ͵ʦðžһķʦܣʦزҪִУ̷һűѾҪˡ
տ֮ɫһ䡣
Ȼһ˲䣬͵ذνնȥ
ˣ£ȥѶտŭҶ겻Ҷͬ죬жСĻ᣿ǿЦ֮

ͬʱ
ʵ۵ĸ̫Ʒ壬һγڶűǰʥּ
˵һּ⣡
˻ʵگԻɽǸΪǣ½򡣲űΪᶽʦϣʡ񣬽Ĵϣʡմˣ
Ʒڶֻּɶűһ˹ۿ
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322 űȨѬ죡
ʵ۵ĵһּ⣬ǳ֮ţƣ
һʷϴоŴ򣬵Ĵ۹ȴûУֻѣ൱
Ǻ½չӵ޷γɵı򣬴̫ͬԶɴڽʮ򣬲Źһɽ򣬵
½չΪҲɽʦֻǸĶѡ
Ϲȱǵιܶ
ΪʱĪ˾˾췴͢ݱ򣬽ƹϣʡľ񡣺Īϱ֮Ϊ˱˾˶룬ݱͱȡˡ
Ϲȱϵľͳ˧Ѿûеαܶһְһֱǹű飬̫̫Ρ
½򣬾ζŶűΪϼʡĵһͷĴĽԬף϶ҪܵűĽơ
ڶűһӾͳΪ۹ͷ֮һ
һּ⣬Ҳһ㲻ĵط
ǲűΪᶽܶ
⣬űľλûн
ʵ۾ԾԲģʵһֱʵ۶ԶűĲֱ󷽵ˡ
ȥʮʵ۲ľλһƶùΨжԶű䣬һʱʹо˲һǧܱ
ű˲֮ӦҪģӦ÷Ϊܶ
ôѹסôѹסԬᶽ
֮ǰʵھλ͹ְ˴󷽣һζűĹͣôܻģ
Իʵۿ϶зǳĴ㣬ܻŶűһ
ڶּ⣬űޱȴ㵣Ȼȷһ㣬ʵĴ㡣
ڶּǻʵдģ˻ʵ֮⣬ûκ˿
ű䣬֮ؽһˡ
ּô򵥣ȴ͸¶һɷǳصϢ
ʲô鲻ʥּ˵ֻǲĸ˵ȴҪͶű̸
ʲô飿Ҫأ
Ʒó˵ּ⣬ʥּǸտģűԸտɡ
űá

һ˹ڶűǰ˾տʦ֣һûѫӵܡܣ˵űҪտҪѺͽٴ
տûܵɿ˽Ѻ͵űǰʾԼĹ겻
ȥտйű
Ƭ̺տڶűǰ
űóʥּ˻ʵԻϼϮϼϮɽοʹְ֮տΪӲνᶽűЧմˣ
ʱʵۿڼ˵ɽνòףĳɺӲνΪɽǸΪǣűᶽտͲóΪɽν
տһȻߵڵϣл¡
űϵɷ˺ͺˣѺʳͳ͢˰ܹǧӡֻҪʵּ׽ٴǾ̽ڼǰҾѾյǵˡտԴֵǮ
տߵ׵ǳԴֵǮȨֵǮϵ˾٣ֻΪºѡ
ű񣬷ϵÿһʳʼղԸֲþǰնô
տǰǷϵҪʣˣʾͲֵǮˡ
űϵʼշ˺ͺˣʼһ޴鷳ƽ֮
տܼ򵥣ֻҪΪ³ＯʳͨǰǵɡȻΪ³Ｏʳ壬ϣϵͻ̽
񾩳ǰ˿ڣҪ½ṩǣǲܵġ˵ǳɱ̫̫ˣ˺ͺˣֱߵס
ԣΪʵ۳ＯʳͨǰǵֻǶűĽڶѡ
ϵΪֹűţֻйԹԵؽ
һ㣬տú͸ʵҲʼղͷϵ̸С
ϵտͷȡָˣˣҲֻսԶթѡ
Ȼһ޴Ļʵۣϵˡ
ϵһһʳǰյһͼթʵۣҲѿӷƨˡ
ǣ̫ʲô˼
ϵɱտսԶթʵۿó̫˴ӿóΪλҪдţ

ȣǳӣǳܻ
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˵Ӧø˵ģΪ纣֮󣬾޷ڳĴˡűҲЧһʵ۵ģԵ޹ʳĴǾ൱ıˡ
ôһС˹˲֮ҳΪϵİýȵĲˬ
Ԭף纣ǶһС˹ɱЩ죬˵һ仰
Сү֮ǰűһƽĺһȫʤҲ֮ĶʮˣһǧƽΪ񣬻һ˫Ĺϵ
ŭΣΣűţҲܲҵͷݺ۹ʱű仹ѵ棬һûѵļһҪȥͽΰɡ
С檵ѾյˣʵҪ½򣬶ű䶽ʦʡʡһȨĴˡ
ңŭ˭ʵ۵ּ⣿ɲֽӲĴӵĵ̣˭ҰҾͶ纣֣Ƕű֣ȻûѵǾСֶûˡ
Сüǰ˾ộԴäĿ
űϵļʮܴܣο
ȵȻһ㣬ŶűǲҳĴģ൱ıˡ
纣ıˣȿûıűûַȨ
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ڴʱĸ
үűʹ

С檸Ͻүһô˵Ǻ⣿
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ᶽűǱ˺ͺ˽ͣΪ´ͨʮ֮ڣǰǳϯ飬ڲߣã
⻰һɫ̱ˡ
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ϹȱҪԹԳΪ֣űһȻ̫࣬Ȼǰ˾ļӣ
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ʵۺǺЦŻޣһ˵ʹ߿졣ôǾãûʹҲʹأ
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ǧл޵ŹѲŽҼҶű㣬ŽѲȷҪҰ참ȷҪץ𣿺Ը
󣬹ԣ



323 ȫʤϵ˰ܣ
ѲŽܵǰδеĳơ
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ӽϱˡ
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СɫүҾȥű为ĺáϾǲϣűĴɡ̲֮Ѿ˹ݣϣʡһֻֻ˺ϣҪĴǾԾԲԸţΪǵ棬үű¹ġ
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ȻӵŽȵһУ뿪˳ɶŶűľӪ۳Ҷȥ


һһŮ˶űǰ
ŮһӺĸˣѲŽӣǶűˡ
һǽˡ
˴˶űʹߣûһƽ𣬻ױŲƨɣڶ˸˶űʹߡοڳԣű䡣Ҫ۹ĸ·Ըһַű䡣
ڣ֮ľ͵˶űǰ
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ϵЭˡ
Ļ֮ڣϵͻԾǵķ
β֮󣬾ҪˣΪʵۻһ޴ľϲֻڵ


324 űʵ۽ͻ飡
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ǶϵĵշˣĵŮϺ̷ңƾݣûȨץҡ
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·ϣһֱԼԾԲҪڶűǰƣԲҪ⣬Ҳη塣
Ȼʵ֤ٵʱǻ־÷е¸Һȫɢ
ĿŶűƴذƴػ֣ʾԼлҪ˵
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ĸо̫̫ˡ
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⻰˵֮˾ͳˣ׼̤Լ߳ܵߡ
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ȻûУűĿǳͿ־塣
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ǰʹ޵ûˡ

һĻʼձԱߵĽС
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325 ҰӭȢ۷
⣬űѪ˵濤Ҳ˵һ÷ǳ֪̬ܵȡ
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ǸˣһһЩݰ
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ʵ۵ԺܹŮ𣿡
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327 ࣡ѳ飡űռ
ѩӷ·˲ըˣһƬհס
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˵գ̫ӿ޵ڵأ

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328 ϵͳ֮䣡ϵپ
Ŷű䣬Ŀޱȵظӡ
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ڶű׹˲䣬һӰ͵˶ű壬˲ʧʡ
һƬ֮УĵӰһһ
̫ðˣ̫ðˡɫӰ
ɫӰĳ̶ֳϣѾǵշΧºڰɱ纣һ𣬾ע˽ķȥ϶κΰ취ˡ
ɫӰ̫ˣֻһʮС˶ˣѾֹǰˡʱھ³ҾͷѪɱ䣬һһıԵڷչյľ档
ɫӰûʱˣûʱˣֻѡΣյ·ߡ
ɫӰڵѾһŲȽˡûǣ϶ȫ粽С
϶ǲܸȥģһȥˣͻᱻǵ˷ټǸʱǵ籩¶ˣıɡɫӰ
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Էһ
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޷ͷųκһ
Թһһ飬ȫС
ô׾ͷų𰡣
Ϊ϶޷ͷţΪѾˣֻǺڰһУ
ʮŴޱȼŶű䣬ͷų
죬졭Ϊ˱ڤԤԺּǼ˻û϶Ϊ㡣ΪԤУʹ̤֮϶ϣ
űǵʲô
ѡڤ󷨡㣬ѡе㣬Ϊһѣֻǲɹⳡѣǿ󡣶ҪǣҪȥһ˵֮š
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ԡУʹ֮ӦǷǳǿģȻȫһ˵͵书ȫ޷γΪʹ֮
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ԽԽˣǵϵɢĳƽ㣬ǻҲ޷ˡ

ڤɣ
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Ȼһɫ͵˺ա
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ʵⲻ磬һǿ
Ļǻ֮ģȻʲôû
ʱԽԽ𣿡̾ϢҪ𣿡
Ʊã
ȻĬĬʹ̤֮϶ϣ
氡Щʵж˾һЦ
ѣԽܶǲ֪̫
棬ЩʱЩԤԣ治֪Ӧţǲţ
ǣĲŵģκǿߣӦš

孵۹Ǻ⣡
һһҾ޽ա
ÿһҾ޽мʮϰŻڡÿһսϣŶġ
Żڣȫ׼˽ǣڵǻ档
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ĻһĽ
Ҿ޽ûʣͬɽһںûмľ޽
޽ߴһƥϹݼ£Ҷ孵۹Ը붫
ƥ˵孵۹
ɹȻһЦҪôǸΪϵ۹ҪôǸ
ȻҲû˵֣ӻָĻͬϲӬһ㡣
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ÿһԽжһʹǾ季ڽ¡űԽ߻ûȥƥپѾˡ
ƥһ޴ĵͼǰʣ°۹ѵܣ׿ˣǾҪΪ֮ˡ
ǲ½أΨִҰ֮ˣ
ǸűģȨϷҶѾҪˣﰡ

϶ڡ
찡ʩչ֤֮ݡȥټǰ㡶ڤ󷨡Ұ㡣
űҧ֪ΪΣҡ޷ͷų֮ˡ
ʮŴڤɫһô᣿ô᣿
ţʲô
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ţڤԤУ˵֮⣬ۣһۼ㵶ǹ룬ʩչҿ
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Ҫͬһͷųۡ
Ǻܼ򵥵һ飬֮ǰű˲ͿȫһҪܳʱ
ڡ
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ԣػѿڡȻ϶ǹرյģǻһַǳħǵ񣬾ססѿڣնɱÿһֻͼħ
⻰һűʱɫһ䡣
֪ħµʲôźԶܶģ֪ʲôҿԱóκӡ
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ʮŴڤ˵Ԥеʹ֮ͷŲչʾۡǾֻһͣħûɡ򡭡ʹ֮ͷŲ𣬲չʾۡ
ħΨһľǣնɱ
ʮŴڤγĽʱֻһӰ
ɣҷɣħ
ڤǰŶű䣬͵һն¡


329 ڤű
ʮŴڤĽ͵سŶűնȥ
һУǾֻһ
ɢ
ĽڶűͷʱȻȵĶʲô
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ش֣ǱܣֻǱиһıܡ
ĽͣĿŶűá
˵ֻ̾Ϣ̫ҪˣڤɵΪԤԣδʱͽ϶Ϊ˵ȴʹ֮ĵȻѱڤ󷨺һһҪȷݣٷ֮ȷֻҪһǺӦú
űǸµĺ
ڼװˣΪװ˷ˡ
Ĺƻز㡣˵ħԻûΪκ˵ģҿԶġȴǿõǿ϶ѰҵһڣȻǵ硣
űһһǾͻΪļ
ԣЩħһǵ磬ΪµļΪܹģܹ仯Ϊκ˵ģһǱǵ磬ܻΪһܻž޴ȨơǲΣǵʹһޱǿѿһγ˺ħӿǵ硣Ǹʱǵ硭׻׻𡣡
űڿħѾǵ磿
Щڤûʱ򣬾϶סЩͼ͸ħʶƲɱˣʱӦûûħǵ硣ЩħѾԽԽթڲ֮ǰһһֻħƭǣһҪǵˡ
űôģݳΪ˭
ûҵĵһıڤصĵӣԾ˼ħ˼֪ĳӰǾͼٰΪӣļһģһһƭȥһǵ磬ǲһͷĴ󡣡
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ͷҵļУͷһ֡ʱΪ飬Ϊ޷ͨԳһЩ׷ħûʱҲЩ׷ȻҸҿ϶֪ʱţһԽ⿪ЩħЩ׷ҲὥʧɳںڡΪʶħĹ켣
űȷʵһͷڷ
˵ǲ㹻ΣգǲһͷĴ󣬶޷صĴ󡣡
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ħԽԽթǵļԽԽڤԤеǸʹ֮ӦþǵռΪǼ϶ʹΪ˵ȴԤеǸˣһûΪԤеʹ֮ѧϰ˱ڤ󷨣еǵΪ˼˵ǻʲô
Ǹֱ˲ˡ
Ǳٷ֮ȷݣܰѱڤ󷨺һΪȫ㡣
ʱűȫȫһˡ
ԤеǸʹ֮еһͷŵһۡ
űһֶ޷ͷųѹֱΪħûļٶű䡣
ɶű䣬ҲǾԲŵġ
ԣۺ͵ͷųһ֣֤ܳݡ
һ㣬ű޼ƿʩˡ
ű϶е𣿵ԷһУҷ𣬶ȴµ𣬷ܹ𳹵ɡӦҶһ޶ܹ֤ʹ֮ݡ
Ĭá
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϶е𣬵ǡȴһ϶ζšµΣգΪǲ֪ʲô
ȷʵˡ
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Ժ򡣡
Ȼڵأ۾˼

֮УĸӰƵصȴš
ûκλӦ
Ѿʱȥˡ
ɫӰһڤѾ˰ˣԤԾͿԿֻҪűŵˣӦþͿԽΣˡ
ɫӰȻǴδȥ϶澿ôģȫһ֪һԤУĿ飬ǰδС
ɫӰңһûǵ
ɫӰԤУģǵļƻȫһǵ߸Եġ

۹ϡ
űѾ뿪ʮˡ
ûΪ뿪ͣͣһµķչ׶Ρ
٪֪˾Ҷʵңڷŵġ
Ѿ˳ǧʿмʥ̵Щ֡
Ҫѧѧһпѧ֮ĸ
Ϊ֣׸ı˵۹ϵĵʣ˴Ŀؽ
Ϊūļ룬ԸָĿʯԶԶϱھ˸ʽĽ
ͬʱ۹Ϻ;³ǵͨױ򿪡
ÿһ춼о³ǵԴԴϵ˳ޱȱ
۹ϣ³ǵĿӷḻ󡣾˼ھ򣬾³ǵѾڵʮ֮һʣµĻкܶܶࡣ
֮ǰ³ھֵ𣬶ʮףȵȡ
ڻϰԾͰѿ󶴷ˣΪҪˡ
ŶűķţյĿһοһͶұĹС
ΪűľҪʮס
Ҫĵ
ҪĻڣҪʮڣҪʮ˰ʮİĴڡ
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ʿڣĻܶܶ࣬Ҽͳ̶Ȼһǿ
ˣ˾ҶĶʼо˺ڣоߡ
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һϣʱڻǹѾˣ𽥳Ϊսı
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ǣִظֱӶþӣ򵥴ֱİ취ѴģȻָũ֡
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ԣʡĴʿԶűֱʹǣȫΪˮޡ
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ܴ󲿷ֶԭһˣǲŲẰΪűЧҵĿںţֻҪܹ٣ʲôںŶܺɽĸ衣
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˭֪䷨һɹ϶ܹǿ
Ϊֻ䷨ɹΪľ־ѹ漯ŵķˣԣε۲УžУˡ
Ƕűܹѹ漯ŷ
Ǹʡ漯űɱһ飬Ȼֱϵɱһ飬ֱ纣ɱһ飬ֱűɱһ顣
Դʱʡ漯ţȰֽɾ
νĶű䷨ڻΣٲʡĵٲڶʱҲܱ˵ĳɹ
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ֻҪʱ䣬ͻһ޴ı仯

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·˺Զǰһľͷӣ˽ȥűȡ
Լʱһ˳
ҵʦڤɵĵʮ˴Բ𡣡ܵ
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Ȼ󷢳ӵ̾ϢǡԤеʹ֮𣿡
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ţԲ죬Ŷűֱȥӣӣӵλȥ롣
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ʮ֮ʮŷŭʮף캮ʮ˴Բ𣬵ʮŴ죡
Ϊֻŷ˱ڤԤԣڻûʱ򣬾϶һ϶һߵȴڤԤǸʹߵĵ
ǸˣѾİˡ
ڤÿһ۷ǿߡ
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ڶűҵһȻСûлҷ𣬷ˣǾ֤Ԥеʹ֮ǣڿһ϶ԽǱλ棬ǵͱ˵򲻶ǿ
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϶ͷһͷӽ磬һͷӽ硣
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ڣǷҪðգǰ˵һͷ϶ȥ֤űݡ
ڣɡ쳯ŵʮ
ʮ֮϶ƽȣֱ
ԥƬ̣ڤʮֵ֮ͬ⣬űǰһͷ϶ڵݡ
ţʮ˴Բ֡
ʮŴҲ̾֡
ʮף캮ȥһߺȫ϶ھûˣͻħϽǵˣǺԵġ
ʮŷŭձڤԤԣǵʱѾˣʹ֮֮ؼʹ֮ϣҾãһηǱð
ȻҲ֡
ʮŶűǰ϶Ŀȫǡ
ðɡʮֵһΪԤԣһΪʹ֮һΪ硣
ڤɵȫ֡
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ȻˣǾͳɣʮ֮
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߳˻ƽӣǰȥ

ǰߣǰߣǰߡ
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İ죬а񣬿¡
һͷ϶ƽ͵Ĺâ
ԽǰߣԽڰ
ڰ϶м㡣ʮ֮˺ڰţǵ˶ħˡ
ԽԽڰڰ˼£Ҫ˵ѾӦκζˡ
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űоԽԽѹ֣ԽԽֲ
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ԽǰߣԽǺɫ
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ʮʮ
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ͬʱʮħһĹˣسɱȥ



330 ű仪
տæ
ǽ̬æ
ΪԼҲԼͻޱ޾ʹࡣ
ˣ
ڼǰǴ̫ӣŴɨϣ
һƬá
֪ϴкܶ⣬ԭͲţֻҪĴ֮һжı䡣
Ǹʱ򣬴ʱֹͣţʼ⣬ʼóܵľӣоߡ
ϼʻŽһ͵ʱ򣬶űŴɱ˳
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ĸ纣ˣĴȫˣˡ
ϼԻ͵ʱһȻֹ
ʧȥ˸ףʧȥ˴ҵʧȥһС
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ʹһַǳµĶոʧȥһеʱ򣬸Ǳľȹһʱʹſʼ͡
ʹ޷Ƶģޱ޼ʵӿ޴ӵֿ
ǣտÿ춼ҪæµԼڵýƣÿϵڴϾ˯š
Լᷢ裬ġȻ֪֢ʡѾ޽ӽ״̬ˡ
ְؼҵʱеˣ˯ʱ仹һʱտЩˣаʱħʹࡣ
ǣ䡣趯һ֧һٶĴ󵶣ϰ˰ʱȻ󣬰·¶ݵϰ
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Ӷ棬ĨᡣԭտС֮һڶɫ۵ǸС檡
տʮˣûȢޣΪҪӭȢ濤ġͶű̴ڶСѡһ˶ӣͻݵŮޡ
ͬҲտһŮӡ֪ɷеʹ࣬ǳԼ֮⣬ûܹΪΨһľÿõķˣѶþƯüͥůտʹġ
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ÿһھɫòСϷй֮տֱһ߿СĻҪ뿪ͬΪտ˯ҪռһŴ󴲣˯жҪӽȭ
ǲģһӶҪǰԵķ
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Ϊһ߹ûȨԵġ
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֪һ㣬ÿжõģϰٸִǷǳǳ˷ѣûа仰˼˶ҹ顣
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ĶӿԷӣʱ¸µЦȻҲѧڳԷ
̻ʵسԷöҲÿҲһЩǶֿЦܹĵ
ڴʱһӰļС
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ȻҲƶϳΪʾɱذɫǣǺ½չʱûг֡˽ܵϵƬ񽣣սޱǿϲսϳ֮һսδ
ļܸߣ֪ܡ
ҴԸǵĻδԷ˽ܵپԴӦҼ˵ģԸͶϵδϼϣΪΪϵ۹ʥĻ塣
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ģڵݷǳɾ֮ͤλҲǳϷҲǳ͡˽֮ܵǰн飬߶ϾǶűµĴѰ㵱ɽҲӦġ
˽ܹµνˣԺ¹ٰ
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Ϊųߵ㣬Ҫż
տһ·˽ܵĻ
űˣ
űտ˵Ҫ췴ĻһҪȷҳ֮ſԡ
˽¶ЦݣֻҪտţͳɹһ롣
Ȼһӡ
տͬԱһ㵯͵ס˽ܵĲȻĸۡȥ

Ƿϵļտ˽ܰŹڵϡ
Ȼһһʮ˽ܸ˵ÿһ仰һ顣
տϵϿ϶ֹһһҪ취ڳѷϵļȫһ򾡡ỵ̈þҲй
ڴʱ˽ˣѾȥ̽տˣҳϵġչҵļССȥˡ
ţ˽ܳտߵ׵տˣǧҪˡʵ̫ˣű˵ѶܿҪ˱ȷǷҳϡС̽Ƕ裬С֡
տǰ͵סĲӣҧ
ǣҪҧһ˽ܵͨ췢ڣֱж
˽ܵʬ壬䣬ʧˣ֮ǰҪҧһڣ̽ġ
տҵȻ֪֮ǰҪǡ
տЩȷʵģűںѩĻѪ֮ǰõĺڰʿʼɡͤȥ˱ڤɣͨű䱻ŵ϶νǾһˡ
Ļտʱ׾ˣû뵽򳾹Ȼޱ
տ˵˵ôģϵӦϣѵĶ𣿡
տĬõ˵ĶǼٵġ
Ϊ˽͵ҵǰĺȥ̽𣿡
տԣѡģԭ򡣡
Ըꡣ
տһԭʵڱűŻˣһǱɣÿһζɱķ
ڶԭ򡣡
տڶϵӦͶϾϣľȥһĻ·о֡ÿ춼ʹıԵΨжӵЦܹһЩ
ˡ
ȻֵӣҪˣҲûʱѹˡΪҪ־ɳǣȹһκˣֱĹ
տ֣ա
տصңϴ˯
ڷȼ˺ܶ䶼õġ
տҪþԼ˯ţȵ˯źӲŻὫеϨ
ϴտŵȼļʮ򣬵˰ɣ˯

϶ڣ
ڤνؼս
ű䣬죬ȥ𣡡
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ʮֻﳯȥ
ৡ
ڤǰնɱЩƴΪűһͨ
죬졭
ӿĹԽԽࡣ
ŰΧ

ű䳯ž޴ޱȵĵ͵ȥ
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ʱֱӻҷ
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ʱɵһ¶ޱʧʹ
Ȼһӡ
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ɿС
֮ǰűҲܹɵ𣬵Ǵδ˷ɿ졣
ʱ޴ĵ𼸺Ƿɿʧڶűڡ
ɣɣ
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ʧӰˡ
ʱȫˣ¶޵Ŀϲ
氡һ˰
棬ԤԹȻģһˡ
ǶҪˣҪˣ
ǳǣű޴ĵ֮еĹȫʧˡ
֮ǰϰֻΧűڤʦΣ
𳹵ʧڶűڵʱЩȫٶӵӰ٣·һַǳֲ顣
ڤӯ
ڤԤеʹ֮ˡ
ƽϢĵļʮڤ֮Ͻػƽ֮ݣǰѱڤ󷨴㣬ȻΪ㣬
ţɽű䱣м䣬ԭ·ء
űһξ˵һ̣߹ѪɫŤ
Ǵͷβûһֻ֡

ص϶һˣƽڡ
ʹ֮¡еľе
ммǣһҪ׷
ǰѱڤô㣬ǵΪ㡣
ǧҪжеľһ㾫Ȼǰ룬ֱӵһҷ𡣡
űҶˣڡ
Ȼ۾׷еľ
˽һַǳֵ״̬
Щơ
ȻʵʱѾˣΪֹͣҲͣˣû֪ˣͷ·ʬһ㡣
ʱҲ·˼һ㡣
˷·𳹵׿տΪһտӣɱװ
ڤһۣȻڶűΧγһ
ʮڤ֮λ͵ܣΪԤԣΪʹΪ磬ǿʼɡ
ǻҷ𡣡
ǻɢɢ
һжֵõģһֵõġ
Ҳһֽѡ
ʼ
ڤֱ֣ڶűǰ󱳣ͷͷԡ
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ʼ
𺳵һĻ֡
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Դʱű䴫ǰűڡ
Ӱѱ䣬ʮٸ
ÿһӰǿӿűڡ
ͬʱӰԽԽϡ
֮˵ˣִĽǼҷ𣬻ɢ
һΰֿµ
Ȼµǡ
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ӿ֮󣬷·һ㣬޷Ӧ
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ڵѾǳˡ
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Ҫעͬȵöűƽ⣬˶űܸ
ؼǣűղѾ˾޴ĵֲȻűڵĿն
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ʮŴڤλֳСһΪ棬Ϊʹ֮Ϊ硣
Ȼϡ֮Ӱֱӻҷ
ֹ˰ӡ
ʮ˴ڤԲλֳСһףֳ󹦸ɣʹ֮
ȻԲӰҷ
ǻɢʧκһˡ
ֹ˰ӡ
ʮף캮λֳСһ
ȻҲҷ𣬻ɢ
µǣűĺûлָҲûлָġ
ڵնûбûдﵽƽ⡣
ʮڤ֮ɫˡ
ȫ˶ű䣬ɲڵն
ǡǺ;ˡ
ǴŶűԶ޷ˡ
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ʮڤŷŭֳϲɣСˡ
ȻҲֱӻҷ𣬻ɢ
ڣֻʣµʮڤ֮ˡ
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ಡ
廯ĹӰӿűڡ
ڴʱ
Ȼ
űĵ֮ڣһ͵رŷ
䡭
ţȼգһ档
ͬʱ
һ۳ڶű档
ɢ½⡣
𺳵ģ
űͷ͵س֧ǡ
۾棬ɫĿ»档
һɿµ͵رŷ


331 תħű
ֻʣ´µˡ
˷ǳʹϧ
ڶűжˣѾһˡ
һ˺ڰ˲ޱǿ󣬻ɱڤɴʦǿ߾˶ű䡣
Ժʼմڱ֮Уֻһͺ
űһս֮ȽȻȥڤȼ֮
û뵽űԼҲˡ
ǣֻÿ
ھǣű䱻ͤˣƮƮٶȷϣ㱨
ƮƮϵ鲻࣬ÿʱ䣬ʣʱ䶼ڼķ档
ڻ˯УҲڷϻͯ
ʱѾӡ
ͱڤ˼͐˫̥ĸոǵʱ϶ҸΪ̫Ưˡ
ʱļķ·һ㡣
Ȼ˫ۣǾµСǾ¾׵٣·ױƷ
ԽżƮƮоԼĶҪˡ
ѾʮˣһʼΪ˶űŮˣ֮űֳΪ˵ܹϵҲԽԽ١
ǣⷴüƮƮŮԻһ漤
ӶеĸҲ˳ģļͷ·ԼŮһ㡣
ڶűϷǳǿÿһ춼طչš
ȴԼ޼ƿʩ
űҲ϶δԲпʵǣֻ
ͼٳ˽
ٳˣҴδҲδ˵ĸǶʷͷ·𱻳׸ϴһ㡣
ǰĴƮƮļǰ߳ƣõģ뿪磬ûʲôõġ
ƮƮڿ˳ҡͷӦþôģӦõġ
żžµСһ
Ⱳעǹ¶һģŮ֮ҲûʲôڴиôƯŮӦúܺúܺðɡ
̲סСһڡ
ٳѾӣ俴úӳԿ࣬żģѾ棬ɷĻУ޵
ˣˡٳԼӵĺ󱳡
߰ɡڣǼأȥ°ɡ
ȥڶξҪְÿ춼æµ֮
ʣ˼ƮƮһˡ
̲סС屧ڻ
˷뷨Լżȥڤɣ
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ڴʱ
ԺΧ˲ž
·һǿѹ
ţƮƮǰһڶһˡ
һص㡣
һŮӣϴɴֻ¶ֻһ˳ԡ
ͷǶǿɫıʯʹƤͬ֬һѩס
Żȹװֶ˻װΡ
ָͬһˣǼƮƮ֡
С¶ڿУҲǼƮƮԸУ
ûС˾
ƮƮܵسͷ
İŮǰżľС
µŮӵ
ƮƮ˵ͷ
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šĵ˴۾Ȼ˹·СѾͷһҪޣŴŴűأ
ޱƣشһǷ
ӣֳ˯ȥ˱ߡ
Ůӵոѹһ˲䣬ѾµҲ˵һ
ȻƮƮܹҲֻܹ
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ʵϣǰŮ书׾ٶ߼ģû
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Ůӵ⻹Ҫ𣿡
ǰ⻹Ҫ
ڿ·Ѿûκλ·ˣǰŮӷ·Ψһϣˡ
ֻҪܹȻʲôҪ
ƮƮ۾˺ܾúܾãڼĶͷһڣŮӵС
ټ
Ů˵󣬶ʱʧڼƮƮǰ

϶ƽڡ
һǿ͵شӶűڱŷ
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֮ǰԳ֮ΪХʱűԼҲ޷⾿ʲô
ͷϳĽǣҲǳ졣
ǣ
ˣűʱѾָڵһָˡ
֮ڵĵѪĻƽжϻӰָˡ
ǡ
ڻһһַǳİǿضԶ
Ƕűǰδ
ξϵͳ棬Ҳ޷жʲô
ڴʱʮڤ֮һ㣬һΪǾҪʧˡ

еĻӶűʧˣͷϵĽҲʧˡ
ű䷢֣ڤɵλѾˡ
λǰأűʵ
֮ҷˡ
ʱűȫˡ
ҷˣΪ˸ű䴫׻ɢˣ
ʮڤ֮ȫû뵽ڵն˵ľ޴λڤ޷׳УԳ׻ҷˡΪ㾡Ҳ޷Ȼû뵽վ컹Ǿ˵ģͷգڵڴﵽƽ⡣
űޱȵĸж
λ꣬ΪԤԣΪǵʹΪű䣬Ȼۡ
ű·ûиܵбڤ󷨰
ʮ֮Ӧ֪ڤһᣬûѧϰ̵ġ
űͷʱǴ󷨾ġ
Ҫʮ㹻ǽչᴥľͻӿ֮ڣֱӸ쵤ͽʹֱǴ󷨡
ӵѧϰڤ󷨣ҲֻǱѧϰȫ֪ĺԭ϶Ҽӵ޵ʱ䣬赲ħ֮⣬󲿷ʱ䣬Ҷоڤ󷨡ԼĽ͵зƣڰڤ󷨡дˡ
ű䲻ɵóΧȥտҲŲһᡣ
ɵӡ֮϶ֻķʽڣǲодġԡΨһİ취ҵɾ᱾ԣұǡڤ󷨡ᡣ
ű⻰ʱȫˡ
ʮڤ֮ƾʲôҪһҷѵΪʸ϶֮еƽȵġ֮ԻΪһһؼ񡣡
֮šű
ԣ֮š֮ĸҷˣ֮Ҳữڤ󷨡ᱻɡӴ֮Ҳû϶ˣҲҪˣΪȥ֮ų׹رգħ޷֮ͨŵѷ촩ǵˡ
ԭˡ
ֻܹرյ֮𣿡ű
ԣֻܹرա֮֮ԭգʧ⣬ʹһ˷϶ħԻӰ϶⼸һֱħӵ֮ŵķ϶ڶˡһǽǵ硭롣
ʹ֮űˣͿԳ׽֮Źرգֹħ֣ǵʹҲͳ׽ˣ԰ĵػҷˡ֮ȳ׹رյ֮źҾͻڤ󷨡ɣҲͳ뿪ˡ
űǰĴˣǵûأʱħ롣Ǳȥ֮ţ׹رա
ӵԣȥȥھȥ
Ȼγű£

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ڰ֮ź󣬲֮ǰ·ѪɫŤ
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ħûΪһϸϸӰӣͬͷ˿һ㣬Ҫ϶

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˲䣬ЩħޱĲҺ
ԽԽ࣬ԽԽħͷ˿һĺӰشӵ֮ŵѷ
̹ϵ֮ţ򡭡Եġ
ڤĴѾˣʣһ֮Ҳ޷ԸôħΪܴһѾ˶ű䡣
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ʩչ貨΢񱼡
ʱűһԼٶȾȻ֮ɿ졣
֮ǰ֪˶ٱԼΪ˶ٰ
񱼣񱼣ŵ֮ųȥ
һҪϵ֮ţٶȹϵ֮ţű֣֮綼֮֡
׵ľ룬űʩչ貨΢ܿ͵ˡ
ͬڵһ㣬͵س˾޴ĵ֮ţþȫҪŹϡ

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ͬһεӰӣû۾ûС
һڰӰӣĺɫӰת
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һ϶һڤɵǰҰ㵱ʹ֮ȻҪһΪ㡣ĺ°
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İԱڤɵħħ
ڣѾʹٵ˵֮ţҪջǵҪ㳹׻ҷ𣬷ˡ

ħļЦŶűҪɶű䣬ǡ
һĻ֪ξϵͳû
һһĻԵһĻ
ű۾һͽغͽħһߣħһ𣿡



332 ص棡Ϊʷͻƣ
ʱĶű䣬ĹΧţǷޱȶļöűĶ伸Ҫըˡ
ħسŶűҪڵɻȥ
㲻ܣҲҪʬΣǡ
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󲿷ֶǸʽĹħֻ
ħǷǳϡеġ
ڤɵأűʵ
ΪڤԤԣȷʵм϶֮ڡ
ˣҷˡħ
ô᣿űǵ书ǳǳߣħǿô
ħЦûǵ书ǺǿǿǺ㲻һǵ޷϶ֻӰܹ롣϶¶ԶҲ޷Ҳ޷볤ߣֻܹ¼ŵضɹ¡
űˣЩÿһ˶־ǿ֮㼸ʮ꣬궼ܹ
ħЦûȷʵˣһĵʲô
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ħЦûĵԼԽǿԽǲһˣԹ¶ʱޱ޼ʵʹࡣʱЩħֻҪͿԽǵľҰһУʲôȻζ
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űԣﲢͨ϶ǵ磬Ψһܹ϶ľħͨת϶Ȼǵ磿
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339 ȫ𣡹
͸ѲȡȨţҽĴҲҽӵͳ˧ĵܵ˶ľ
һֱλĵܵܶѪߡ
Ϲȱ밲Ѿһˣλ˶Ķ֣ҲҪѪ
ѪѪ԰Ǻ˽ӣȻȴϹȱ˽˽ӺǮӡ
밲֮Ѫҡһ䣬ΪˮʦĶ֡
һѪѪ԰ͰĽӣ֪˶ٴ͵Ϯٴʡ
ȱܹʤѪ˾޴Ĺ͡
ҲһѪս֪˶˶ս
λĽ˶ζ뿴ѪӢˬķˡ
Ů˸˲֪ٴδʹ࣬Ϊˮĺʽս˶ࡣһֱӮ١
ԽѪеӡԽ̣ԽǿõŮˡ
ԭǲܵģΪΪһǺһʼͷչˮʦġǱߵѪӣϱߵˮʦӶֻõݡ
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֮ǰӮٵ˶һΣȫʤ
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ЩˣôʱŪЩֶΣо϶ҵȨ
ߣ̻ؼңҵҪȥػЩţǾҪʲ𣿡



340 ű߹춯
ɣǸӺƯѪ
ǰűҪҽܸʶϲŮˡ
Ѫһ죬۴һЦѹ֡
ڶűĻ˵Ĺ¡϶ħû˵ص˵άȤ£д󺣺е顣
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ŮǵģսнĽΪűЧȴսн͸
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ԣ㡣ű
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İɲˣһô˽׳ֱħİ
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Ѫʧ֮ܿ֯һ޴ķˣʮ˳Լľӣһ֧صĹӶʱ˳ҡҡ׹ȫĽӷȱľʲôȱʱΣյʱ̡
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Ѫʱսʮ֮󣬵˵ľԽԽ࣬ǵԽԽȱؼʱ̼Ԯһ˶ʮŻڣ֮ϵԴԴ˳
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Լȱû˵ꡣ
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ԤǣʡʳĲһһα
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µϵĻ췻Ѿˣңȫܴɽ֮Уһھ³ڣҩ췻Ҳҡ
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űɳЩˣûпƾ٣ûйˣŶûУôܻط͵һƬã
Ȼû뵽ھӣϿɷǧ¹Աĺ֮£νűһʱ䣬ͱôĳɹ
𾪴㵣̿֡
ܶྫӢʿп־壬Ǵûǣϼʡɿ
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˵죬ϲþе棬űѾˡѩĶѪܵǴġ
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ڣ۹˶ŶűѾˡʡĹԱĳ̶ֳҲӰϵͽ衣
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꣬꣡

濤űһ˲䣬ȫԼ۾
ˮӿ͵ؾҪס
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濤Ѿһ֪֪أȫɱˣ
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ƽǸ꣬ǸΪйƶݶܲμӿƾٵɬ꣬Ȼɱһ֪֪أ
Ϊʲôű
濤ΪĹԱѾչһ˰ˣ֪ͼ֪أһȫũո˰ڿ˰֪ѹƽˣǾ˳ƽͷϡƽ춫ʿǰݸ飬͵عٸ˼ҳͻһ֪֪ء
⣬⻹İӰ
ɱĸ͢ԱһһƷ߹٣ȫıҪնġ
űʱǲԱ常Ϊβֹ
濤ŶűΪʥּҳ޷ֹ

ܶڣ
ܶˣҶΪ˵۹켸Աûֹɣ⼸ΪһֱӿƣҪǷҳͻһдƽնףǺԸ
ڸ󳼣ܶ򳹫˽ʮˣƵˣ֪ҳѵǼ鳼ˣסʡǴ۹ģǶűĶƽǶűĸɱ͢٣ͬıն͢ϺڣѵΪűĸͿң𣿡
ָ򳣬򳹫ǳ͢ĹԱǶű˽١Ҫ˽ǵ۹ʡǶű˽ء
ˣѱĹٷñȡҪгƽһ
򳹫ĴͷͷҪ췴ʱԽҵͷȡߣ
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ܶ͵һľľ˳ƽɱ͢٣ͬı޿ˡ񣿡
ͬʱ
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ɲǼ䣬Ϸӿɽ



341 űһŭѪɺӣ
ʱܶ㣬Χ˽ǧˡ
мʮӾǴĹԱЩԱʦүĻţмСˣ˵ȵȡ
ƽڴм䣬ɫĮ
˳ƽ㣬ɱ͢٣Ƿʵܶŭ
ƽܶˣѾ˵ܶΣ²ʵ
Ѳʯ˵
ƽȣʵ۱µּǺܶңְ֮ܶűʡϾȨ𣿡
ԡܶ´Ե۹ҷҶűδĳЩưԣȻҪ¾ǵְ֮ܶⱾּ⣬ѵ𣿡
ƽ¹û˵ܶ˲ʵϼҲûֹܶ˵ĵһֱΪܶ˼Ա˳Ρ
ųƽˣΪǵĵ˳˺ʡĿǰλտֻһפغϣĹѾȫ˳Զܶ˵ĵϵģǵĹԱΣҲûֹóȨԭֻһűҳڳ͢ҳڱ¡
ߡܶһЦ
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ճ͢ɷûʸȥġֻܶйѲʯܶȨȥ顣
ѲʯΪľܶǿģҪطٸϡ
ܶǹ͵飬˭ɱ˵Ȩɱ͢٣˰裬ϹҪ浱ǶűĶ𣿡
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ܶΪЩӵڶűµԳпɽԲŵҳٸ
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ǷϵıΪű˺;ǵĹϵΪ˺˫ìܣʽΪһ㣬Ϊ˱˵壬һ̣Ҳûκηͱܶץϣûץң
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ܶƽ浱ɵ浱ĹԱɵ浱ǧɵֶ̳űȨƣɱҳ͢٣ȴ˵ʲôǷϵΪε֮Ц
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ʱʮٸԱĻţʹ޶űСǣֵǷ׷׳ȥΧںܶߡ
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˲䣬֮ļٸԱĻţˣСˣײúɳȥǶۣѪ
ˣֱӱ̤ࡣ

һҺ
ѪĽ



342 ɱͷű̯ƣ

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һĶˣƨɲȫʿߡϵҲӻɿܣ˾ϲͽܡ
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ɶڴս˴սԾҲԽսʱãȴ̸
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˼Ѿˣûű䣬ɻʤɻ֮
ԣԣ
ƲԣűԸоһΣϢ



344 ű̫ӣѣᱱڤ
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һľɲһͤĵϵʣ¶̫Ӵͨ򣬾ؾԪġ
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ڴ˿̣ܵʵ۵ů
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λʻʵ۵ĻʺһСӣεģһ
űһܹԵĺӣ̫ҲǺܹԵĺӡűȢѩ֮󣬾һˣű̫Ӿͺֵһ
űҡͷûʲôﲻصġ
ʺһҾдȥɶѩܲȡһˣǷ޺žۡҪȻȥɶǳɻ֮ûټ棬еġ
űԺǻžۡ
Ļʺ֪űǲ̤ɶս벽ģھѾܻӭˡ
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ʺ󾪺ôôԣϵٽҲûбҪھ߰һٷûг԰ѩžһ
űϵʵ̫ˡ
ʺҲУҲҪһٷߣĸ̫ˡ
ʺȥŷˡ

ʱ󣬶ű䣬̫ӣʺһСϳԷһЩҳˣȴ÷ǳζ
ʺ󲻶ϸűвˡ
һЩôһ϶ס𣿡ʺܵ
Զűǳ˸飬ֶͬһĸ顣
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̫ӵű䣬ҪȻһҹĸܹһ¡
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̫ӵǺãһ㡣
ʺ̫ˣʱѩҲһȥɶսˡűҲո˾ߣѵҺͻʵ۾ôǴ𣿡

ڻʺᣬУű뿪ʹ
̫һ˾ǣͷβűھǴ˲ʱ
ǽ⡣
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վڴϣޱϣɶݡ
Ԫᱻһᱻ̫ӷֲΪһͷǣƶű䡣
Ԫȡű䣬Ϊ۹ĴǣΪһ
ǶűںûҪκûҪκʡ
ΨһĿǷչ׳Լʹ
ԣޱȿɶݡ
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ͬʱ
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˫Ͷܱʮ
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һսģҪö࣬ҲҪ˵öࡣ

ͤ̫ӵϵű֣ܱԪӪڡ
Ԫλ۹ǣüʤΪܹȡűΪˡ
𷢴ĳǧ
Ӫھֻһˣܶʱϰһˣϰκڱϡ
ʮǺĮһˡΨͤűȼǰֵ÷ǳ顣
ȻһӰ˽ţʮ𼱣
Ԫӹţᵽһɺζ
ţݣԪʱɫ䣬ʼ
棬ֻм򵥵֣ʱ䵽

һ
ű˱ڤɣǰ
ڤŶűá
κﶼ޷ʱĵ𺳺;
û뵽ű䱻϶֮󣬾ȻŻˡ
ң췭ظı仯
̫ˣ˱ͬͻһ㣬ˡ
ڴʱ
ű۾
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ڤɵʮ֮ľȫӰڶűϡ
ţоһϤϢ
ڤ󷨵Ϣ
ڤɵڶʮ֮ĹӰ
֮µڣ
ʮڤ֮ӰűǱڤԤ֮ˣʹ֮ԵʮڤݷűΪһ



345 ڤվ֣پ
սԪӪڡ
źԪþöûж
Ǹôѵкβ𣿡
ԪҡͷûУ
ȻǸӰ˳ȥ
Ԫŷڻջ١
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һ߳˷սѩĴӪȥ
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ʱԪǵӢۣɶд۹ӵӢۡ
ǣžӽӶʤʹüʮ˸߰ʿ
ԪˣʱǵľǺϣ
űϴ̵ûмӦǱȲԪ˵ġűϵĵ˾ԪԵǿŮ۹ų򲻿ɵеŮʿ
϶ԣӦԪ˵Ĺ͸Ԫ˸һЩ
ⳡս֮ԪӦûúͶűһľλ
Ԫʤ
Ԫ˹
һ·ȥʿԪ¹񣬸ߺںš
Ԫֻͷ⣬ûԵ׽֮١

ܱ¡Ԫ
Ӻһװѩӭ˳ֵԪ֡
ǸŶűƺġ
ɶ䣬װϻһƤ磬е׵׸Ӹ߹
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ѩԪ֣ʲô񣿡
ԪҡͷֻҪӢͼˡ
ӢͼҲӢͼ
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Ҳһֱ۹ɶĵˣŮ۹սʮа˾ŵ˧λӢͼΪ˽۹ʽ
ԣ۹ľӢͼľӣʮսŰܡ
ǳɣιŮ۹˧Ӣͼ
֣ѩֵ÷ǳȻЦо˧ʵ˽úһ࣬ûֱӽӴġ
Ԫǹ¾ãӢͼʱΪλѱ䣿
ѩĬ֮ҡͷ֪֪
ʱɶսϣӢͼԬڹˣ˺ܴĿǾûеɽˮĵز
ѱǷǳͻȻΪѱʹô۹Աľݵ㼸ȫݣ˾ҵĺ
ԪűܵڶûϢ
ѩҡͷûС
֮ǻûյűκϢ¶ű䷵ش۹Ѿʮˡ
Ԫֹ
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Ԫű䱻ڤ϶֮УʧѾҪһˡزأ
ѩһ㵵زҵȻΪعһˡ
ԪΪΣ
ѩҺͷӴʱж̣ԻûѳĵزΪعһӣѵӦ𣿡
Ԫǣ»дõഺ껪
ѩ͵ʱ䲻ˣԪûĻɣ
Ԫɫ΢΢һ䣬Ȼְˣ
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ͶűһҲˣѾõȷеϢˣǿԻָ۷ġ
ңѾ׼ȷİ취ˡ
Щ˸˵ʱ򣬷䣬ܵʱ򣬷Ц˸߲ҡ
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̫ಢûŮеģԪˡ
ںüǰоֻѩ۹֮
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ԪǾԳɫģ߲ͤʹʡ
ֱһ֣ǾǶű䣡
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ģͬҧһ㡣
ڶűѩɻһҹŴ˼¡
ԪһһΪű䵲ƣ·ֵñֵܻҪסΪѪޱȵĶʺޡ
ԼĶ֣ѾâɣȫҪˡ
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һߺȾƣԪһ䳰ȷ
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ڤԤԺóһΣһֹϵĳЩܣԱˡںܳʱڣһֱΪԤԱȽϳġΪҲһռߣ֪δ磬ֳ˲ȷԣʲôǧ֮ǰͶԤԣ
ڡԤڵһУȻķˡ
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346 űپ״ζԾӮ
ξϵͳҪ·𣿡
űѾξʾܶ㵱ʱҲȷʵһȱڣΪ𣿡
ξϵͳǼȾ˵ֱܿǣҷġ
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ξϵͳڵѾҸӷˡ

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ԼźյĽӡ
ǶĽˣ
棬𺳰
ű䲻ɵ20ͳӢ۹һıˡ
ޱ޼ʵս棬Ǹһ˼漣ĸо
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Ϊ֧ӡӮʥ磬ӡذõһʡֳء
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Ϊ֧ӣپ˰ɽʥ۹Ļʹ
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ſӣͰĿջȥˡ
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׼ȷ˵λپûкͶűκνУȫͬһϵģûбҪƽȶӡ

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ֵصĽ⣬ԪҪһԽ۹ʮеĸ߲㽫죬ȫһ򾡣


348 ɶܣ̫Ѫ
ΪԪᣬѾ˽ʱˡؼǶľ綾Ŀɫζ
ڳĽ٣򱱹ԬڣԱ֮ûκεĻɣԱߵ˵ƣǾֱһ
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ѩҲץסʵ۵֣ЦʣűѾˣΪһӺˡҴʱѾһСˣʮ֮Ҫ⹫ˣһҪſﰡ
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⣬ǻƽľܾţ
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355 Ӯˣ춯
飡飡飡
ƹ׶צԽԽ࣬ԽԽࡣ
һĻȥǷǳ𺳵ģצӹײ˳
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356 ɽشս¾
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ȵѾˣûдľֱڴʵ۵Ĺᡣ
˵ͻƽ۵ĹˣһЩСľʻʵ۵ĹҲǼªģĲٵÿֻԵķһЩѡ
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˾޴ħűЦѾ˰ɣ߰ɣȥǵɱ¾ʢɣ



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358 Իʹʤʵ𺧣
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һʷȽͳˣģʹûʮĩӢͺʱ
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ҶűҲǼˣ֮ǰոպ˰ӱŷάش۹
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ԽԽľǰտʼѡ
ϵ̽ӣϾǵåʼҡ
ǣ˳׵ľ̺;
ڴʱ
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ѩױɽشݣű乫ȫʤն׶ʮŮܣ
ʲô»ʵ۳𺧣͵һЩվס
ȫԼĶ䡣



359 ϵ̫Ѫ߸
һսʧܵʱ»ʵۻ̫ӣӵϢʱֻоһѣվס
ʱɽشʤȻҲǲķӦ˻ѣУ·ڿƽĻʱһ㡣
վûѪ
ʱʮһĻʳӵʣǻҪ𣿶ߣ뿪ʺĸ󡣡
ʱ»ʵŷӦˣǲˡ
ţЦڱУȵ֮鱣ӣȡ˻Իʹʤ죬죬Ϣ۹
ȻӿŲʹСãҪȥĺϢ߻̫
ȵ̫֮͹˳իӣÿһնСжɹ
ÿһ춼
ΪűɽشսΪ۹ɽΪĶ»ʵΪŮѩ
СΧû˵ġ
ʱʵԷŻ˽ŲϵıҲЩ
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ʰе飬»ʵۿ첽ߵСǰĸɽشݣű乫ȫʤ
ľͣ
̫󳤳һӣ챣ӡ֮𣿶űˣӦˡ

һʼģϵЩ̽ҲţԸӷɢԡ
ٵģЩǼϢ
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ԣıǶűıѾͶˣŮ򾩳ǡ
ǲЩϵ̽ŬҥҲûˡ
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ʱĶű̵Լջ
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Ѿ˿ζըҩѾ˺ڡ
ȻڲϡˣΪԵԭɴģʹǰڡ
ʱͲڵֵʱǾǺڵˡΪÿһοڶҪҩˣеĻҩװڵڲˡ
Ͳڵĳ֣ζڳˡһʷϣһֱʮҶŴģʹڰ
ڣζըҩ
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սнԺ伸켸ҹ伸ǧڵȴɲûҡҡڰڵطظۿڵʷһȥˡ
ڿԴøԶʮ
ԭһսн԰ϼٷʵڵû˿ζըҩ񵯣ҪĻܲʮͳ군ˡ
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Ż޵̣ûпսȨġҶڹ㶫ľӼֻʮҪرΪǶľúģÿ˳ȥ˿񣬴Ҷֵǧ
Żޣ㲻δȥپ¡ǿǵĽ飬Ҳɶűչȥˣ̤ƽϡپǲ½һٽ֮
Ż޴ʱܶܶ͢Ϸͷʵæ߲
پļƻűǱɵġҶµʵսҲűݻˣĻҲűУڶǾ޴֮㱨پŤתԴ۹սԷŤתԶűս̬ȡ
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֮ǰ۹ʢ
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Ż֮ǰˣȥ£۹ܶŻʮ𼱾



360 پѻУ˽ᱱڤ
һʷʱӢ˹ͼĩڣһͼոҲ֮ͻῪ֮սʮͻᱻ϶ͷ̨Ϊһŷ޾
磬һʷѾˡ
ӢѾǰ𣬲ͳոͱѾ½޴½ֳأȻûгɳΪʮͣʮ͵ղ۹Ѿ㹻ǿ
ˣŷԶʮ͵ŷ޸ͳһ͹ʥ۹˵Ĺ֮¡
ʥ۹ҲԶһϵʥ۹ҪţƶˡǸʥ۹ŷޣֻǵ־۹
£ҷǳҪ춫Ըеũʵ̫ӵ÷ǳɫѾɹöΪǿȨ֮һˡ
λũǵʷϵĲͶԣʱѣ޷޲ֺͶ̸еġ
ǣ𾴵ķ£ũǵֳأܿĻûпģֻܷûз֣ʥ۹˵ֳءľӵ½ޣʵǶðʵڴ֮ǰһֱΪǵѣδްС㲻֮ǰոҵĹͣǻ̸ڼǰǵó׶ȻԶʷˮƽ
پ£ȫðʥ۹˵ϡͬԣԭѣҵδһֱפ硣ʵϣеԼʥ۹˵ԱҲֻǿ˱ޡǾӵ½һƬŮأǲûдʥ۹ֳطΧ
ũ£Ѿ˵ˣظһ飬´½ʥ۹˵ֳطΧܿûпġʵľӿ˰ĴǼΧ½ѾǷǳˣΪ˫еķŭȾָޣѾڰֻ̤սıԵ
İĴʳ֣ëOlhemaroa룩
ũһ£ôĲҶĶ͡ÿ깺ĲҶ˶ңһǧࣿԲҪˣо޴棬һıսЩܾȫΪˡڰǰոպʥӡһĴսûмǴĻⳡͻʥ۹̫ӵµĵͣ²Žġܹǿ׳ˣѵһҪ𣿡
ڴʱ֮ŵ£۹ܶŻ˵нľ顣
پ£յ̸о͵ΪֹΪ׼ʵͺᣬظһֺĻᡣ
֮еʵϣҪֺҵĵ¡ǿȨ֮һִߣֻһѧϰ߶ѡ

Ż޲μ¡ܶŻߵ׹ݡ
˵
۹ܶŻ޵ɽ֮սűȫʤն׶ʮŮ۹˽ǡɳһʵսȫµĻȥɽأһֻ޴ݻ٣ʽűС
پһ鴤΢΢ֱӷ顣
űڴոˮõսôˣ
Ż޵ű佫֮˸ҸԴ͵˷ǰ
һپʲô
Ż޵ߵ£ֱɾ½۹ϣŶű䲻ڣʡ״ݻ١
֪ҺͲ̸ʲô𣿡
Ż޵֪Ϊ´½ֳصĹȨ̸С
ţŻֹ
˵
Ż޵磬ʥ磬Ѿʥ˺ϳͻٺ޴ĳͻЩǣǲúͬʱΪС
š˵ȥ
Ż޵ȰڣҾپбҪսķڴ۹ֻҪ˴۹ͳͳһ硣һһҲ⣬پľȫֱӵ½۹׾ٽΪβҪֶΣֲһܻʵۡ۹Ϊβֱ
ǶŻһֱġ
Ż޵ĿЩʧ
ǳ塣ʲôвͬʱЦȶ״̬֮ĳͻǳ̬һǿ󵽼£ԶܳԶһľ档ʥìܺͳͻֻءһʥ̣һ磬ȶ
ĳ׶εйһߺһߺͻĦ衣
پңΪβֱӵ½۹ˣȻȡ֮ԭ򣬵һԭҲܸ㡣ڶԭ򣬴۹ҵԴһҵأһսеľûҪͣٶãҪʧӣΪηΪ÷񡣡
Ż޶ͷؿڵʯϣ޶ۡ
ȻپһЩû˵޵ĳֳһҪ¡Ϊмǿ󣬼ҪĶܣ˭Ҳߡ
̸ûõģǺһᱬһҳͻӺս½սСˣһҪӡֳϣֹʥ̳û١Դ½۹űǲܵģҪ󻯡űʡ˵ֵһᣬҲֵһᣬֵҶʮʮ
Żпɬߵ׵ǣǣչȥһջΪĸ󻼵ġ
̫Զ̫Զ˵ͬҰˣԶ׷ϡñڤֱӶɱˣ
Ż޵һαڤѾǲʦɱű䣬֪١
ֻޣɱ˱ڤɵĸʦöűԶֻ޵ıΧٽɱôͲ˵ˡ
Żߵ׵ּ
һдһױţȥڤ
Żߵףּ

ɽشսڶʮ죡
űĵڶţʥţ˧µĳ;棬ڽפɽڡ
ԭҪɽشսģһսø磬ƴоûиϡ
ȴܹ϶űı
űԭɽصľǧˣɽشս֮󣬻ʣǧˡ
һǧɽأͳ˧ɶʧأһŮ۹
ʱڽߵսȻ󷵻ʡŬչ
֪ƼѾˣˣҲˡչһ·ߣ·ߡ
άսĶģֱűùĺڰʻ֮
սʤǿ󶫷Ψһ;
صڶű϶õħ֮Ѫ壬ϣʦ٪֪˾Ҷħ֮Ѫоµͻơ

ѩܾɥ
ûлУ׼ʱˡ
ΪʲôѩǲһӣʱǼÿһ춼ȣΪλǻϺӰǲҶӲа
űʵϣҸԼС
ޣѩô˫ÿһζȥôܲУǿˡ
űǷǿǿͻȫ޹صġ
ѩҪȻϳСԿܻܲУ
⻰һűˡ
£ôÿ
СߵǸŮѩȻôӦ˵
ʱǸŮŲѩĻʱ͸
ޣһȻӵӰ١
ڴʱһڤʹ
ű䲻ɵһ㵣ڤɵʲô˼

ڴڣűλڤɵʹߡ
һЩ죬Ǵ𵺵һŮӡ
ϲű£Ҫˡڤʹ߼űһֱӵ
ű䲻ɵһ㵡
Ҫˣ
Щÿ춼ѩȣһֱûлУԶűĻԼӲУϾǴһ߱˲á
ӻˣѾˡڤʹߵΨһˡ
ű侪⵽ģǱڤʹթ
ڤʹߵѾԼĳԣѾ˱ڤɡ˵壬ǻὫͶĺͻű¡
ǿЦѳԵһֱԼĳԣػڤԤеʹ֮ҲΪˣųΪڤɵĵˡ
ڤʹߵǻὫ͵ϸͻȪȥطߡֻʱ䣬̫֮ǰûиϵϸͻȪǻὫɱҲʧȥˡ
ű䵱ȻˣҪ뿪޵Χ
ڤӺĺΪ룬ȶű뿪޵ıΧ
ϸɽسһǧ˰Զ޵Χ֮⡣
һűǰĳϱɡ
ȥڤɻ᲻ɱѣĺӡ
һ仰Ǳߵ֤ͨǸߵĹ־
ڤʹߵȻҪĻǾ͵ʲôû˵ȻԲȥġңԶ޵ıΧ֮ڰɡ
仰˵صˡ
ԴӺͱڤɷ֮ͼ⵽ԴԴϵĴɱ
ȥˣһ˽ˡ
űʵڼϸɱһ˭
ڤʹߵڤɴϼǧΪԲĴ纣
գ
书ֱˡ
纣书ǿ
棬ͤʦսˣȫκ
ؼͤӣɶǸ߽׵Ĵʦ
λǧ书纣һ졣
ڤʹߵȻǧϻżʥ۲þߡԺµĻȫԲȥģǴӺˣĺӣ͵û˵
ű۾ӷɿתƴؽиּ㡣
ڤʹߵȻ֪ڻһֻǧΪĸǧָˣѾˣ
űһ鴤
ڤʹߵű£ڤһġӹһλ´Σ޾Ĵɱ
ԣҪһγ׵˽ᡣ
ʮӺ󣬶ű۾ҿԸϵϸͻȪҲһ
ڤʹߵ˵
űһѲҪѼ滹ҡ
һ͵ڶűӵʦǿˡ
ڤʹߵԡ
ʵڵȶű俪˰ɣڤʹӦˡ
ǻὫѣһϸͻȪȻǻ״̬ġڤʹߵһ飬ӭǱڤɴϼǧ𣬻ʦ۲þߡȥ˾ͶѰ·Ŷ
űͲǷˣȥһϵġ
ڤʹߵǳ˵ǰͷ̫ɽ֮ǰûгֵĻӣ涼ᱻǴ
űһϵģҺͱڤɵԵվҪ˽һµġ
ڤʹߵǺãǻڼϸȴű´ݹ٣

ȥ
ѩ˼϶ű˯һ£ҲȥǲɱѺ汦ģһɱͺˡ
ܴĸǶϿű䶼ȥȥ˾·һ
ڤɴϼǧ书ε죿οĸʦ
û޵ıűôӹ˵Ļɱȫԣ
űҪȥģΪѺĺӡΪ˳˽ͱڤɵĶԹҲܱ޾׷ɱֻǧûǧշĵ
ѩҺһȥ
űһȥ
ߺҪֹ
ű֪ǧ𼫶ǿ书纣˵ĸʦҾԲû׼֮սû޵ıͰһһӮһӮøɵö࣡
һΣڤɳĸͨĴʦ׷ɱű䣬Ѷűʬˣ޳ˡ
űҲ𣬶һ˳Ѵ
ѩ㱣֤Ϊڲһˣӣ㻹۹ϣ
ұ֤űо԰Ӯһ֣ݺݰѶڱڤɵϣ
ѩһڵţҵķ˲ģ
һʱ
űһͷ뿪ɽأɿ£

ɽϸͻȪ
书ıڤɴϼǧʦ۲þڵϡ
ӣͤڡ
ܲŲ£ǳϸĻܹС΢΢¡ġ
Ļˣ
űҪˡ
ǧϵ̫ѣ̫ɽ֮ǰű仹ûиϵĻͲҪĺˣ֪ҷǳҪҵĶϱġʱҲֻܽɱ֮



361 űɱڤɣ󹦸
ڤɣʥ̣ܽʮֻᡣ
ĳ̶ֳӦȫյơ
ȻҲˣ֮ǰͿʼˡ
ʮֻѾʥ۹һʥڽ̸ֱִʮ
ԭıڤɻǳѵģʮǵĴֲ͸۹Ȩ˺˸׵ߣֱӺͶװȨһ
ıڤɣһǿɲ֮һ
űһҪԿڤɣ˵Ӧǳ˵Ρ
ǣűʹ֮ͱǲһġ
ű䲻£Ȼʧںҹ֮С
ûֱȥϸȥһȫ벻ĵط
һǱ˱ڤɣ
ڤɺܴ󣬶ַӵϽԼĶű޷ġ
ڵѾ׾סԼϢҲ׾ٴڤɵЩϰ

㣬ȷҪξϵͳٶȻղ󣬵Ǽȷ񣡡
űڤɶ˵һȻҸ޷֮⡣ѾȻͱڤɹһˣҪӮһ֣񣡡
ڤǷǳǿ󣬵ǿҲ㡣һǿ׳ѵסˣҲֻܾͶֻܳΪ̫ࡣ
ξϵͳڴݻĸǻƴĵᵽ۷塣
űǶҵĵⱾѾ۷ˣҲνٶһЩ
ʱĶű
ڱڤɵĽأ϶ıԵ
ξϵͳȷ϶ĵ֮ѾȫرˣȷħѾȫˣ
űȷ
ξϵͳұ㣬һ϶֮Һ롣ֻһ壬÷ǳһһֻħͿ׾ٴݻҵġ
űģеħȫˡ
ξϵͳҷ֣ǰǴ񡣶ǷˣѾ׼ˣȥˡ
űһ϶֮ڣ

ಣ
ʱͬʱմһ㣬϶Ŀռ֮ڡ
Ѱ˽϶ֻķʽͳ׻ˡ
űȴ嶼϶֮ڡ
һĵط
Χڣûգûдأֻ޾
Ӧһǧǰλ罻µ˰̣ǲӰĵطͳΪ϶
϶˲䣬ξϵͳȻ˲Ӷű˳
ű䷢ˣŹӰɫͽɫĹӰһ
űһǵһ֮ǰ㡣
ȻϸŹӰҪо⾿ʲôһһأ
ûʲôÿġξϵͳӰֱӷˡ
ȻξϵͳӰǰ·űں档
϶ڵĿռ͵ǲһģǲġξϵͳ
ű̫ˣһ϶û߳Զ½֮󣬾Ȼڼ֮άˣ˴Żش۹
ξϵͳĹӰȻ͵ɢһž޴άӰ
һޱȸӵͼΣԼǿռ乹졣
Ȼξϵͳؼš
űж󣿡
ξϵͳҲûжִĳˡ
ѾǺܾˡ
ű޴ĹӰϽ㡣
ξϵͳӰľͬһһ㣬ƴؼ㡣
Сʱ
ϡξϵͳڤ֮ǿΪϢޱȵïʢŨȳ缸ʮ֮ࡣ

ţڤɵͼڹӰϡ
֮ŨŨܣΪʮһʯƬľ޴ʯֱξϵͳʮһʯеѾɽʯͷеںףеڵΪһС֮ʮһʯڱڤγһ޴󡣡
֮ǰѾ͹Щʯ׹ʱܹԼٶȣûдԵѣ
ξϵͳڿл޴
ʮһ㣬ɵ
ξϵͳʮһʯãų⡣֮ǳӵãʹڵˣٶͻͽ౶ˣһķĺá
󣿡űɻ
ԡξϵͳǵϵĺ˱ɡǱڤɵģҲǱڤǿĵطһڤ⵽ǿ˵֣˵ʮֻᣬֱʥڽ̣ͿԿκǿнΧֻܻҷͲǸġ
ű󣬼ֱʯ̺ε֮ˣ
ֱٹһ˲ֱˡǿĵ֣Ҳֻܻҷ
űʥ̺ʮֻ𣿡
ξϵͳȻУһǧһֱСս˲֪ٳȴȫ޷κζԷ
͵ϵĺƽƺεƣ
űڤɵʧЧʲô
ξϵͳϽе֮ءʮֻʥ̻һڤɣȻ󽫱ڤ鱦һһռΪС
˽͸֮󣬶űú˱ɡںʲˡ
ѾǱڤɵѵˡ
ξϵͳ缸ûκܹƻ󣬵ǡȴԣ
һǿּ侫ܵĴ󣬸ҪھԵƽ⡣ξϵͳֻҪĳһϴݻƽ⣬ͻʧЧڤɾͻ֮֡
ͼŴһʯڶűǰ
ʮһʯСһţֱһǧףʱںξϵͳֻҪƻʯƽ⣬ͬһܵĻһС˿ʧЧ
űҪƻʯƽǳ򵥣ֻҪõȼʯڤĹؼһǳ˻ٻʧЧ
ξϵͳԣҪ϶ȼǾ޷ֻܹ֮һˣҲֻһָܹڤɵ󡣡
űǻ᲻᳹׻󣬱ϾҲǶһԱԲԸƬ֮رʥ̶ߡ
ξϵͳģʯֱһǧף㹻һСȼһ겻ֹӦòǣڵ𣬶Ѿȼ˼꣬һǧˡ
Ǿͺãűǡǿʼɣ
ξϵͳ۳Ϊһ㣬ڵ϶ĳϡ
ξϵͳڤɵʮһʯӦ϶㣬ͷųմ϶ڣֱӵȼֻʯ
մڣһֹͣȼգЩھͻԼֻҪԴԴϵӦôͻһֱȼȥ

űȼһ
԰׵ĵ
ξϵͳһҪ׼ȷȼϣ֮ǧ
ű֣ٷ֮׼ȷõϵĳ㡣
˲䣬׾ٱմˡ
ʱű׼ˣջصɻȼգһ͵طŴ

ȻԭֻһĻ棬˲һߡ
Ȼ׼ȷģڤɵʮһž޴ʯȼˡ
űջϨĵĵ𣬵һ߳ĵȼգ·ԴԴһ㡣
ڴʱ
ڤɺ׵ʯ͵·Хһ㡣
䡭
Բĺ򣬶˾ҵĲ
ʯƽⱻٻڤĳڵ־޴

ڤɵ󶼳̱ʧЧ
ʱڱڤɵ˿׾ٸоڤɷΧڵŨ½ֹĻ½ٷ֮ң
ˣϻһ⡣
ȻŨ½һС£ؼǱڤɵķʧЧˡ
Ӵʱڤɾ㱼ʧȥ˾Էʱʱ̶̿Σ֮С
󹦸ˣ
ĵ㾦֮ʣǻ۾ɱ
ؼҲǶűģξϵͳ
öűˡ塷С˵˼ƻС̫̫࣬ǹؼʱ̣ӵ˺ͬھҲ˱Լ
ξϵͳһ飬һ֮ж˱ڤɵսɡǵͶˡ
űӦ뿪ˣܹ϶ֱǰϸ𣿡
ξϵͳȻУ϶Ӧϵĵλ޵ģҪѡһ꣬Ǹʯ飬õȼһնȻնȥ
գűѡɽغҵһ㣬õһնȻӵ϶ص˴֮С
һҽ϶Ҳڳάĺˣ˰Żű
ʵ̫ˣûξϵͳڣƾűӻĺѼ
ڣӦȥϸᱱڤɴϼǧˣ
Ӧȥݺȥˣ

ϸͻȪ
ʱѾȥˣ̫Ѿбˡ
вһʱʱ䡣
űԾûиϵĻڤɴϼǧҪɱˡ
ѩһ仰˵ҲҲԡ
ֻڻŵʱãű䲻֣Ǿ֤ʶЧˣôɱҲûʲôˡ
Ϊ˱ڤɵϣǧҲᶯֽѣ棬ɱ֮
Եúܰѹɴڻ֮С
ű䲻ˡǧȻ
ӵұϣҪ
ǧǣĺӡ
ѵ˱ɡ
ǧɼһ̰˽֮ˣһ֡ˣȻɣĺȴԻȥű䲻ԸǾ֤ԸԼȡӵһ˽֮ˡ
ӵԼ˱ɣʲôʸ˵˽
ǧЩӦɣǶűȴӦô˽ӦΪĶӸ𣬸
޳Ѿȫ޷ˡ
ǧǿűˣվ̰֮ӵΣӵһұڤɻԴԴϵ׷ɱվ·һұڤǰֻһ϶ѣ۵εȿЦ
ǧʼʯͷħ
ȻĽܷҪĥ书죬ҲҪĽ
ৣৣৡ
ĥ˾޴ѹȸС
ĸ۲þһܡ
аʱűûҾɱˡǧϧϧϧ
ϧϧϧ
кȻһ˵
ȻϦ£űӰ˹
̫ɽаСʱűˣ
һ˲䣬ӺȫԼ۾
űˣ
Ͷ˾
ΪӪǣű仹ǳˡ
ʱ䣬˵ļҪڻˡ
ȫ˵ӿűĿ޵İ⡣
ϧϧϧڤɴŶűһôأΪŮˣΪһûгĺӣȻˡ
ãʲô㽲ˡ
˵ṵ̋ʧҲ㣬˵ű޴Ļ㡣
ڤɴϵؼǣˣѣ棬ҪġǵȲˣҪԼôߵģôڵģ
űǧ£Ѿˡѣ棬Ҵ˰Ȼһһ⣬ھʱƪˣҲʱԭˡ
űĻǧ㵣ȫԼĶ䡣
ű䣬ʧķ
Ѿ·һˣ֮ǰҪܿµĥ
ϾȻ˵ҪѵˣҪǧĶ⡣
ӺǧмͶűʲộʵű䣬ûɡ
űûУ뿪̫ԶǳҾһġ
ǧγĥõĽǾͲҪϹʱˣɱ֮Ҹϻرڤɻûڣϵ
֣ɱˣǧһ¡
ĸ۲þ͵ذν֣űΧʬΡ
űǧ˵ˣǷͶһ⣬ʱԭˡǱڤɾͳˣΪһٵǵǷڵıڤɶʮֻʥ˵ͬȫĴŮһ㡣
⻰ǧʱȫˡ
ͬʱ
ڤڣ
ڤյһϢ
ڤɵսԷ󳹵ʧЧˣ
⣬ǻԵѰ



362 ñոɶ
֣֮
֮֡
ڤһͷ̷һս׼
ΪһʧЧܾܿζŵ˵Ľִ˵Ǻ˱ɡʧЧˡ
˿ʥ̣ҲѪɫʮֻᣬпϡ
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һȺһȺķα˳ȥ˷ȥ
ʱϺѹѹһƬ
Щλɱ鱱ڤΧеĺ򣬼ûκ
ţһһҴֻ뿪졣
ಡ
ǧձ̤˶
ڤٴУ·սһ㡣

ڤɸϣ˼ٵ
ʱ򣬲ǳϣǵӣܴʱʲôҪʱڣǰԵĹ㳡ᡣ
ಡ
ʮϣϣ׷״ӸԵĶг˳
໡
һֻһֻѱޣӸԵĶѨ
ϣеߣ¥Уɽ
ÿһϣмǧ߼ᡣ
ڤɵ߷ơ
ֻΣյʱ򣬲ŻῪơ
ǷʧЧڱڤ˵Σյʱˡ

һʱ
յеĻ
ûκεֵĺۼ
ûκεֺۼ
ûС
ϱûУ
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364 Ů۹ĩգ
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366 ̫֮Ԫٴ
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űĿԪϣ΢ЦԪ֣ϲһˡΪһὫٴὫһǧǧУ㰧켸ҹȥ



367 칦ѫʵ۲
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ĴӺʬ壬ȻһеŮʿȥ͵ͬھɱһɱ׬ˡ
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׶űɾ㿴Ů



373 ̫󣡶α
»ʵһ߸̫ιҩһ߻
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ײǾʬ嵱Ȼѩ
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376 ھ
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棬ӡ
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Ϊѩͻ̫󣬶űɳʦˡ
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ʵϳ֮ǰҲ˼ѩĹľֻһδǻ̫󣬶ѩʬѪģҲཀྵӲҲɹˡ

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ǸҵȥˣǸթյȥˣϵʱ򣬺εԷϵʱ򣬺εӢôα۵ǰͱ˻޴أڿ˵ԼūţͰԼūţԵԻʵλþͻķӺΡ᲻һ֮ЧȵۣΪҲʴȵľѡα۴ˣҵһ۾Ϳ˳ۣѹͲȥ
ܣܣоԼ˼뱻׵߸ˣԾԲš
Уʵϡ
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»ʵ۵ķӦȷʵԣϣҪɱȴװŲ֪
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Ƕű常Ҳɱˡ
ôͿ԰֮ҲԵűͷϣ˵Ϊ˺Ͷű仮ޣΪ˸Ӷűɱġ
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˵űΪıӵˣ常Ҳˡ
Զűͬһ㣬ǶűıԼĸסһű޲
»ʵ֪ҳȴȥһʾе
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ѩֱӴĻ磬ֱࡣ

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򳣬ȻҲһΪ˰֮һ
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ѩԲˮ֮ˣ飬ˣ
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ʵ۵㿴ˣǼɱľӡ
ţʵߵһ̫ϳˣǶűڼ飬ҥµġ
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˴ƷۣȻǶԺʷ̨һԱ
λǸϣҪƭˣڳ̫Խ¶α۵Ǳڤ֣ȵ۵Ĺ⡣̫ﻹ¶߱ĸУҵڷϵĻʵ֮λʷ̨Ա
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λʷ̨ԱЦҵʦαɱˣҵĸĸΪҵųΪҺαͬ۶ɱˣܳ¶αۣûдڻš
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һ˻ûϻʵ֮ǰҪ˻ʵۣͲҪˡܿܣֻҪ˶űһͳ۹һжҷ𡣡
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ѩĸּܲαۣ˷Ϲȱڸ׸˳󶼶Ϊ󳼣ڻѰ֮¾˳Ѿˣ常˾ǣ˵ַ֧һоĸЧĸ۹ʵۡھʣ·ϹȱˣҪϹһˣ¾ѡ
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381 ˸αۣűĪŮ
ɱϹȱ֮ڣʵ۾һʹ
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ĳ÷ѪףϽһ£Һ޶ġ
һƿϹಿλһ龧ʯľѾˣǱĪŮһġ
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ˣϹȱҲȥˣ֪Ǿʧȥ·֮ˡʵ۵˴۹Ψһ֮ͳʵۣԸΪǵ·ˡ˳һսҲˣѾˣѾȫµսʽ
ڳľپʵۡ
Ҫȥʵ۴ǲȥΪãһ·İաΪǻʵۣԶĿңߵĪŮľӾͻ׷ɱǲܽսǲܶԲʴΰ
⻰һľƴͷĿᡣ
ֻͨ죬Ը߲ȫ
ĪŮҪǰأ֧оȤ
ʵҪ֧ռΪУҴܣܺͶսҽսű䡣ȴ˵Ϊ˰ն
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ǲܱϣǲȥİգٱϾҴ۹ĹȻѾαۺͶűԾݣŴ۹գǸӲܽս۹ʵ۴
ʱϹʣʿӯƴͷΪǵĸĸ˶ڹȻԸ⽫սԼļˡ
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Ϊ֪ɷö࣬뷨ǶԵġ
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Ҫ취濤ߣʵ۵ѾǳΣˡ

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ǸϹ֮ǰЧʵۣοΥ游׵־οڸȱѾˣѵҪһҲТ֮Ů
ʵҪǵľȨȻžܣѰóȴ˵屡죬ųƲİսգԴžߣҪҪˮĪŮľӿԲѻһ֮°ʱԶű䷢
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ԣûʲôĻ֮ˡ
ʵ˵ĺҲеڶαѾһˣԶĿʵۣߵսյΪ˱ǣ޹գʵ۱žӳ߶ȥ
ʱ飬һʱӲ֪ηֱ档
Ϊ濤ѾһˣʱȰŭƢ̾Ҫ޲öִˡ
ٵһ죬㲻ߣҾͲˡҾҪȥȻȥͶűˡ

գȰ˵濤һߣһȥͶű䡣濤һξܾˣʵ
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ʱ濤̧ͷۣ˿̹ǵĺ⡣


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382 󹦸ɣɱĩ
ӵԲŮĪν飬ű伸Ҫըˡ
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ǣҲôһСʱ̡
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֮󣬾ǳ׵Ĳˡ
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ȻֻԲŮűսĽڶѡ
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ѹʱȫ϶ű䣬Ը޸ΪѾپűԣλپĸ߸˧һڡ
λپ椻Ѫ˵ŮŮ˵һĸ
Ƕűҧ飬ûа취
ԲŮĪĽȷʵ̫ǿ󣬶űĲǶ֡˶ȽһЩսٿһЩ֮⣬˫ڵĲ̫ˣҪǺϵƶײġ
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ǣűȱڵ
쳧ҲѾʼˣǻҩˮ׼ʥ̣Ѿ󶫷ĿζըҩˡҲֱӵСý
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ʵϣ׼һռ۹һγĲǰ򣬲ʮҲǶʮ򣬶ǳʮ
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ūʿٲ֪϶ҲǾ˵
˾ҶŶӣʦŶڵʵ棬Ѿʳ߲ݵؽʵˡ
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ǶԺɫʯоʼƿҪ˵ضҲûо͸
ȻĴսܿҪˡ

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ܺɫʯڻûΨһ;Ǽ׼װãű仹ǰϰ棬˾ҶʦŶӿƴ죬ĵʵ顣

ӵĶѾܴˣ˸ˣܿҪˡ
ڶűĻ
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ָᰴѵĶƤĳܿͻ¡ΪڶĶӣЩʱ֣ʱýš
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ѵһĻû֪ʲô·һǳ黯֮ˣƢʵһ㶼ãΪŮ͵ӣҾڷƢͱ˷ƢԼƢǰԶǷƵӡ
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ʮϵʱţԽԽΣ˰űû͸¶ȥʥܽһᷢܵġǸʱǱڤɵ֮ˣѪɫʮֻʥ̻ܽᶯеĶǱڤɣһжǾǱڤɵĩˡ
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ڤ˵ڤɻᱻűսᣬԭģû뵽ַʽս᣿
ҪôͶű̸аɡһϵűҪʲô޸ǵ󡣡
ڤʮűأĩպܿҪ١ȵװһеʱһݶ㹻Эˡ

Ĵʡĳڣ
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ԣμϰĶǾѵʦΪ۾˫ܹǧļ㡣
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ģԵʵսϰͬսˣеĻҪá
ԣһսӮˡ
ֻҪžʯħڣܹԶĻؽлԴ

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ԭĹѲĹ㶫ѲѾΪµܶ
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ɣڹܾнɳ
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Ԭ׵ټ̵ĳǽһȥֱըһ޴ѿڡǿľһȥðףɱűݳǣǣֳǣɫЩǰֽһ׾پͻᱻ˺ѡ
ܶ͢⣬ǻصĴɱ̣ĶӶűһˣ
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սǧŻڣ䡣
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385 ʷԴսĨȥ
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ϰսȻΪѩȴԶԶǿ
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濤ȴָܺܿȻһξʢ
ӵʱ֪ˣ濤ʵ
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ڶ޷ΪѩΪʵۣڶͬŮʵۡ
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濤ѣǰôǿ֮ڤɵӣڤ塣ÿһ춼ڱÿһ춼սΪԼҵܶڼ޸ÿ춼ڼп飬ɢɢһѧϰ٣ѧϰաŶӻʱʱҷȣǧٹֵķʽȣдǵķ䣬һȫһڤɵŮֱȹָ¥ŮӻҪ󵨣ɫƫƫ顣ƫƫһŮӣ޸֮ǰֶûб
Ѫ㣬һһŮڼʵȲŴսнϡ
ѩǰһֻΪǣΪţֵ֮ɽܱǼ޸֮ڣÿҲǿ飬ҿĶһЩôӵ顣
ˣ޲ðռеʱ䣬ÿһν䶼ûд·
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ԣزסġűҪʱ䣬ΨһãΪȡʱ䣬ϻ˵ĽŲ
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ԵһսŽԬ׵ľܵ˲С
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ԬɳūʿȻսֳױתˡӢͼµʿǳ¸ңŮʿսǳǿװ˶űľףս֮ǿ
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Ī֮ߺ֮ˣһʦ
ԲŮĪӵо˵츳ΪҲ֮ߡ
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Ȼ˱֮ĪŮĸŰΧ
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ȻаĿ濤𱬵ģ濤ľȻøӻˣҷ·ЩؿڵҪˡѽã϶Ǳű˯ˣ϶Ǳű˯ˣ
Ȼ֮ض㡣
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ʱļޱʹڡ
Ϊս֮ǰűһԾԲҪҪȥɱ֮ĪԲܳɹģԷ壬֮Ƚթ
Ȼ浽ս֮ϣûѹסĵĳޣûаԼ˼ά
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ǣݿ࣡
һٶŻڣͬһ㣬ֱӱ飬ϿУ
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387 һߵ¾ϵž
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⼸նűڲս֮࣬Ҳ
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ʮ첻ͰΧǡ
̫ʱҲ˵һʹ

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ڵ屶٣һӾڵ˵Ļϡ
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ʮöڵֱӻ˶ĳڡ
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ʮڣ׾ڼ̳ǽ˺ʮ޴ѿڡ
飬飬顭
һ˵ľ죡
һööʵĵ裬յĳ»ⳬĴڡ
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ţӢͼŮ˻ûбֻ֪˵ֵһսӮ𣿡
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Ӣͼ˧սϣūʿ඼ûгһǧˣͽǼɱѪɺӣս򡣡
տūʿֻǧħѪܹʮֻʮ򡣵гŻڣǽֻһپʮš
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˾ʯħڣӦֵ绡սˣ



388 ȫʤնɱ
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Ƕűϱߵһݣԭڳο˾Ҳ˾˵һԱ˴ϱű֮󣬳е˾Ϊ˳ݡ
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֪ݵ۹ΨһͳĻʵʵۡʾҴ۹仹˽˷أѰ·
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ĪؿڲϷӿ֮ǰԿʮžʯħڷڵˣʱظһʹ
ʱҲ̲סһѪ͵ؿ



389 սȫ


ӷһҺ
⣬ű侧ʯħһ졣ȻȥûģڵŵʱлĿ궼˾졣
·̼˶ıԼ˷Ľȡ
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ΪȶűͳµʹʱҴҵǲţ̹ǣնɱ


һ

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ʵۻΪűѾҪ군ˣԴʱŵӹűĺӳǣûҪڶű䱳ݺݴһ



390 ű֮߱
ʵҲǰһĻ
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ҲˣǾԼģ֪жôǿ
֮ǰ޴ʵܵ˾޴𺳡
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ϹȻͶűˣûҪű˼µĽǵȻѭȱ־Զű̬ȾǾˮˮ
֮ǰʵȡӳǣ⼸ĽҲͬˡΪУڹű䣬űѾɣôӳ붫УԼ
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ʵõȻ֪Ǽٵģǹ⽫ԼȵһűɱʵۣǾ³Ҳʻʵۡ
ǿ߼ҲǷǳթݶ
ʵۼЦű䣬ղ߱ҲҪ߱ԼѩΪʵۣһһŮʵۡٹ֮ͻ˰ɣžͻĪȥɣȻ˳ϻʵ֮λֻǸʱ֪ǲǴ۹أ
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λʵһηӣȴƴؽԼȵ󡣷ص°ܣͼҪԼ
ݼͬģڳļʿѪڣӯ޲Ϊʵ۶
Щӣݼʵ۲֪˶ٴΣཫʿУѾǧʥˡ
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̶Ƭ̣ͽʵ۵ԴҳͷһͣѪģ
װƣǰװƣ
߱߱õľʲôƨ
һĶԳƻʵۣ
ãģҾԲɱ㡣һȭͷ



391 Īˣج
ʵµļһĻʱȻŭ
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ס֣ס֣
濤嵽Ⱥ֮УϹµľӴҪʲôѵҪԼ˶𣿡
Ϲµܱ˼ű䵹ʩҾͲ˵ˣһ߱ϣ⻹ʲôԼˣ
濤ЦαҲҸ׶ɽҸҳΪ˾ȨɱҵĸףҪ
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濤αǰ˵ǲɱҵĸף
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ͬһɫˣؿгªͬһĶķ˺ۣͻƴһ¶еԽУеŻᵴȻ޴档
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⻰һڳȫ׾ˡ
ʱʵ˵ú׳ң˵α۵צĿľΪɱʵۡߵսȼյΪ˱ʵ۲ŴߣŲ
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濤ûдûжԲűһΪ˴۹ΨһԲǱαۺƭڰӱҪأҪֲԼŰɡ

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ܶŽԬ״Īһ㿪սսʱȴǲġ
ңսӵĲҲǲġ
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ˣ㶫űߣűĴܿҪˡ
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Ȼ󷢳һҵĿԣؿԡ
ֱײ
۰
Ż޲ҺȻһѪ͵ŻֱӺ»ʹȥ


392 α۸پ
֪˶á
Żĵ˹
ȻһȫŵŮӣһŷӦ˹
ΪǰվӼ֥
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ʮǼ궼һ档
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Ż޽ʮ꣬ԭҲǷǳģһͷڷ
һͷϾȻһЩ˿ˣҲ·ʮһ㡣
֥ȥ಻ʮ꣬ɾ˫
ҾһǰѾͻ˴ʦΪˡ
һǳ˲ĶӰŻ޵ʮű䣬Ѿװˡ
֥һ㵣Ȼ󰲾ģȻҲݵҡ
Ż޵һҪѡʱ𣿡
֥Ѿ𵺳ϻˣѾʺлˡ
Ż޳ĬƬ̣Ȼдһ飬ݸ֥ӽԺˣ
л֥ӹֱȥ
ܶ͢Ŵ˿죬Ҫ쳷룬űѾ㶫ˡ
Ż޼ʰκζżĸֻӵݸۣһҾ֮زز
ʱտܶӪ֮С
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ϣŻŽԶȥĴ½˻űΪʲôԸ⸶κδۣȡ

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ÿһʱ䣬ͽڻһЩ֮Ϸִ˲ƣһǰʱ
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ȻĽŶűĲ͵һУնɱ



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ţʶűһģһ
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׵ĸݶһģһͷ·ľһ㡣
űˣ˫̥Ҳвһͼ͐Ȼ񣬵һģһġ
ʥŮǸپҸ㣬Ҳ˼𣿡
Ȼ߳éݣ̤ϸܵɳ̲һԾ뵽ˮ֮С
ȻͬһˮгΡ
̫ˣˮ䣬Ȼѧߡ
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ͷųʥŮԼͶűϽеһ顣
Ȼںˮ֮Уܵĳʽ
һ̺ѪƮˮ档

ʥŮ˫Ľôɳ̲ɹ̫
ļѩף·ûɹĺۼ
Ҳɳ̲ϡ
ںһŮ˲ʱһŮˣǲòΪʥŮ
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ֱ߽é档
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űҲ
߰ɣȥԶžĹǼܡʥŮ
Ȼ﷢һ
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ȻѾһϢʥ̽صλãҲԶžʬ֮ء
һֱУС
ɹ˸ɽɹ˴󺣡
һƬ֮κν޷ӽΪﵽǽʯǿµľκˣǵ
ּĴ󴬣ƬϣҲпܱ˺顣
ˣƬ򵽴Ǿ޴С
ɹƬ֮󣬶űһ죬ɳĮ죡
ɳ̲ǳеɳĮ
еɳĮΪȱˮγɵģ滷ĵȱˮܳɳĮ
ȻɳĮͳ˶űǰ
ɳĮ죬Լƽ
һǲڵġ
󣬶ű̸оޱȵĸ
Ǽ˹ˣڴ룬Ȼ˸·һǿϿյˮˡ
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䣡
ûԶžʬ֮ؾˣȥȫͨɳĮ
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Χĵ棬ҵز
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űһ۾ͼһ޴ĹǼܡ
ԶžĹǼܡ
֮µĴѷ죬ΧһƬڰġ
ȻԶžĹǼɢŰɫĹâ
İپʮ׳ĳȻ
ɳɢġɳĮҲΪɢĻϵƬϿյˮȫˡ
ƽĵ찡
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űһ㵵ԭֻʬǲĻ񡣡
ʥŮԵģÿһ̻ʵΪ֮ޱǿҲΪĻϵޱȵŨңһ죬ʮ졣
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پ޵нӣں϶޿ɶ㣬һֻϷΨһĽ־ǳ׻
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ĴҴǿľʯűȫ𣬴۹ݣȻʥ糹ݡ
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澹Ȼᷢչ򵥵ĵزĩգǶűĩա
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ʥŮҲʥ̻ʵ۵㣬ǳݵĻϵģġ
ű۾ĳ˼
ξϵͳʼճš

̫бű뵽ڣִڵ
Ȼ󣬶ű۾
һһҹʥŮ
űһ㵵ô𣿡
ʥŮ뵽ʲô𣿡
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ʥŮû˵
űˣѷڣֹ֮ꡣط˶ûй꣬Ϊ˵ľ̫ˣ˲ζžɢɢûйꡣ
Ȼһǳ֮ǿ󡣡ű֮󣬻й꣬ޱǿĹꡣ꣬ڤ硣
ȻΪ֮ûй꣬ǵҲûڤ磬ûĵűЩǿ֮Ĺ꣬ϲȥһط
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϶һ֮ţ֮ŵĺ棬һڤĵط
ħǴ϶ģġ
ôԶžĹ᲻ҲǸڤأ
űһޱðյͷ
Ҫ֪֮źĹħһζűѾʶˡ
֮ѿһ˿϶Ĺģͻͷ˿һĺԴԴġ
ÿһֻħֶǳ֮ǿ
һԶžĹ겻ڵ֮źڤ磬ǶűȫͶˡ
һζűΪ˹ر϶ĵ֮ţͻ˾ţ֮
һһٴ򿪵֮ӿǿܴ֮֡
ԥһ˲䣬ű̾ȥһ϶ȥһ˵֮ŵĺ档

ű䷵ʥڽ̵ĿйȺ
϶һڱڤɣһʥ̣ܽһѪɫʮֻᡣ
ʥ̵ܽ϶Ƭ֮¡
űʱվ϶Ͽա
ѷ죬·յı⣬·һǺӣӿعĹâ
Լ׳
ȥͱڤɵǸ϶û̫Ĳͬ
һűԾ϶

һͬʱմһ㣬ű϶֮ڣһĿռڡ
֮ǰļ䣬ޱȸӵļ㣬űԹһп񱼡
˼켸ҹ
˸ʽŤشѪɫþ
ڣһ˵֮š
ޱȾ޴ĵ֮ţͬһɽһ㡣
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һ֮ţȴŶűĻʲô
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ȻӰɿ˽ȥνڤ֮ڣ

еĲһ
ûӿ
νڤ磬һƬž
һɫ磬еһжǻɫġ
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ȥˣű䲻ɵɻ
ϵ룬룡
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Ȼһźɫڵӿ۳ΪĹ
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Ƭڤ·ҡض
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һͷޱȾ޴ڤ͵سڤա
໡
˾Ļ档
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Ĺֻҷ𣬷ǡ
ʣеĹ֣Ӵܡ
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ȻﰡðŹ
˵ǹɵһ
ͬɽһ޴
ϢǿϢ
ĹȻڣ
űϲ
پĩա
˫ĿŶű䣬һ
ңһصȥɣű仺Ȼȥͷ­
໡
ȥɣթħ
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403 ڤ

ϵıڤ˼͐˿µĲҽ
ķڵˡ
书ֳǧҪߡ
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ȻʵϲˣʹֱϢ
ˣڷʱ򣬼͐ظоԼڵڲϵš
ڷ·һڶһ㣬ϵ
һɵģ

͐ƴҽš
ôôĥװ
ȫʪ͸ȻŴˮʪ͸
ԽԽţԽԽš
ڣĲҽԽԽĿԽԽ˰֮С
еŮ˶Żˡ
֪ŮһչأֻǶͨŮ˶ԣ书ǿ߶ԣΣȫǲڵġ
ڣ书ǿˣӾȻһϢ
Ȼ󡭡
һ޴˳
˱ܵ˿ֵӤ
͸ġ
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ĹǼܣͨĸʣǾӨ͸塣
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ʵܿɰ
СС⻬ģ÷ǳΡ
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Сһ⣬Ȼ۴ޡ
˻͸֮⣬һı
ǸŮģǸͻЦû¾ͻᷭͻ
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ڻʲôСƴţҲûпޣ˱
ʱĽš
ϵļָͨ죬ǿµ͸ɫˡ
ɫ֮СͷǳɰƯˣ˵ġ
СҲǳǿ׳ſؿһӣʲôû
ʱ̲סˣһ۴ޡ
ֶ͐һ̣Сһһڵι
С̰سţȻһȫȹˣȻδ죬ſĻȡ
ǵ˺һûеµ̣Ų˯ȥ
˯ˣСҲؿڡ
͐СĿᡣ
ʧȥе书Ϊ֪Ϊʲôз·ûκϧ
ŻеС
ӽԺСȫˡ

϶ڤռڡ
ֻðŹڤŶűҪֱǣҷ
䡭
Ļ棬Ȼ׳
ʵԶԶþеǸǿöˡ
ڤ棬һ㶼ȣоǱġ
ǿԷһС
ղŶű俴ˣЩڤ֮˲ҷ
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ݻеڤУűɰȻ
ڵжű䰲Ȼܹ֮
ڤУű䲻ɣҲ˺
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˲䡭
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ȫڤγɣûʵ塣
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顭
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ʱű䷢ˡ
Խڤ磬Ҳܽڤ硣
ȣûеҲûڤ硣Ϊ֮ûйꡣ
вַǳǿ֮й꣬Ǿͱܵػ۵ľͷ϶֮ҵһ򣬵ǵڤ硣
ڤСڤĳˡ
ֻ˵ڤӦñ¾øɸɾ˰ȻʵϲûС
ڤƴط쭡
һ߲бعű䣬һŭţȥɣթħ
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ڤ׷ɱ
Ȼ׷ɱ˰Ӻʧȥ֮ǰеļ䣬۾ãȻɻȥˡ

Ƭڤ򣬶ű䲻룬롣
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Ȼ󣬿һ¾ɽγ֮ߡ
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ڤǺͼ䣬ǲɽ֮ϣ
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˫ֲܿƣ岻ܿƣ˫־Żʹڣƴͷϴ

ܹоһЦ
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ϰɣϰɣͳΪڰͳΪλ֮ˣ
ű˫־ŻʹڣԼͷȥ

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ŮССİɴ۾Ŷű䣬·Ҫȷǲǰְ֡
ȷ֮С¶Цݣ˲ٻʢ
ðٻʢЦöűӿһɾ޴

űþȫ͵Լֱۡ
ǻϡ
ֱֻӷ˳ȥеĺڰʹҲ˳ȥ
ȻűǰùͺͺԼֻ֣Ȼڸ֫С
ϵǸڰʹɲϵٻŶű䣬Ŷű䡣
ű䲻ȥһֱۣȨȵǰø첲ץסȨȣ׼ħͷ͵һҡ
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ڤɵ֮
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ڤ񱩶ã˫ۣ˲
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ͷһ۶ű䣬צһץסȻһӣűӵıϡ

Ȼ߷ɡ
໡
˾ڤ棬طħͷ­
Ƕڰڡ
ħͷ­ȻǶڰʹֱӱڻ뵽ħͷ­֮ڡ
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֮ǵɵġ
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˵֮ţɹ˼ǧ

ڤ͵ش϶صʵ磬ȻС
ַɹ˼ǧɹ˺󣬷ɹ˸ɽɹħ
ǸɳĮ죬ɽǸѷ졣
ľ޴ʬѷײ
ڤ꣬͵ظ˵޴ʬ֮ڡ
˲䣬еڤʧˡ
Ǿ߾ʬǵ۾ڤ
໡
͵ط
˲䣬춼
Χĺ˰׵ľǡ
춯أ
Ȼʬһǿɫâ

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ȥսɣȥɣ
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űɣ



404 ű乥پ
ʥ̵ܽĿйȺʵҡ
ʮʿΪű֫ؽ
ȻһεҪ򵥵ˡ
ʱѾϡ
ǲǷߣǲһʣ֮֫
֮˫ָ̻

Ǹ֮ڡ
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ϵ۹޵кȫ𣬶Żޣ͢ȫ
پĿⶢֽһ
˷·˵һ㡣
һ
ۡһѪ͵ǰŰֽȾ죡



408 پ۹ɥӣ
Ľȫ֮
ű²˵۹սнˮǧȻ͹˶ű佢ˡ
ؤӣսн
Ӵ󽢶ӣŶʮƺƵŶɱȥ
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Ϊܵһޱǿռ
ʱƽٵʱʮ졣

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ڤɴϼǧ޴δǶű临ġܿܵھռӰ졣
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ףѾ˰ܲǳ£ʵ۾ܻȢǼģʵ²ˌţΪ˷йŭÿ춼Ź裬Ѿ书ȫʧܷˡ
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ûо޴Ĺűɴ˻һս
ǿķرԶűĿվû˿֮
ȫһ浹ɱ
ɱ
ɥӣʽˣ



409 ׸پɣ
ǻû䡭
ϵ۹ĴԪ˧ƴűվڵܻģϵռ첻˳Уǻ޵еūʿţǻʽǹţ
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ˣϵ۹ǵʮĳǽѾը˼ʮ޴ȱڡ
Ƿ˵öԣűοϮڵ޵ģ
ʱķϮը֮ڳ׽ˡ
ǵսˣ

ǻʮūʿǻʮʽǹӣ
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ڷҲˣǵĸڴ۹ϵ۹ĳϷ·ûǵλãļֵǷش۹Ϊϵ۹ṩʶֵͼ۵Ʒپ׬ȫǮȻٻǮӶϵ۹һЩͳɱĹҵƷ
һ۹ͳΪϵ۹ԭغء
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410 ֮Ĵħ
ৡ
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ϵͳѣˣԭǲܵġΪԶľ̫ڸ߼ˣܹڹķ̺͸ơ
ʱǰ͡澭ڸֻʽһԼȻһ̸
ˡ澭϶ٱǿűʱͨһ޲ðкöŮ
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ϵͳǣҪʱ䣬Ϊǳ󡣡
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ϵͳԭҪĳǿ壬澭һһΪһԶǴ󷨣ֱɡ
űͬҶһ
ϵͳԣִϢǳŨҡǿĲħȵڶ塣ֻҪɱǣȡǵľ塣Ըǵľԣʽҿֱǵ
űǴо޵ģһκᵼ½ٻö֮غ̱߻ħѡ
ϵͳԶǼȸ߼Խɵȫϴɾ
Զˡ
û뵽νǴڴ۹ûзӶãȻִҪͨˡ
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ְ֣ǳ緹ɣ²Թ緹ǾͳȥˣһҪڰڽ䷢չһǧˣ

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űͶԵЩɥ
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ϾĩѾȥʮˣҪôòˣʣµҲڸ֮С
ڣҪŵһǧˣȫ췽ҹ̷
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书棬ֻǿ澭ճչǳ
ĵȻɱǿĲȻ塣ǷԲʮڣȻûҵһֻǿ
Ұ챪ɱֻ
Щϵʳ⵽Ϯģǲǲ壬Ҳûз䡣ǵⲻζܹɿǿ׳塣
ǱŮΪöűٻָ壬רðȥɽϴġ
ǶűҪǿһûУ޷ǵΪ
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ֻˣҪѾ䷢չһǧˣһҪʹʦȥȫ췽ҹ̷

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СԼǵ˰뱲ѪùôϡеӰ굶Ȼˡ
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420 ̫۽٣Ϊ
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421 ҹ㣡̫ۼű䣡
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Сǹﾶӵ˶Ա츳ܲͨʮͺˮҪߵ۷壬Ҳμ2020Ķ˻ᡣ
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ʱˣ̸һ̫۹۶Ҫ̵ʱڱޱǿȻ̳ҵĻλ̫۵Ժ˾ͽˣϰ
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߰ɣȥ۶̫ץסű֣ſһڰĳֱӷա
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ӽԺǾ̫۹вʡϵǣˣϽ
̫ſƯڿУĽУ
СµǼʮߵȻԸģΪǱѾЩ˵ѪԲŻ뿪ˡ
ǽ׼УµЩսʿδԸˣǸϲɱϲȥӣȥðա
Ȼ̫˵ˣǾûκΥĿԡ
ҴǿϢֱѹǵ־´ĵҲȫ޷κΥ档
ʱһǧڵϣߵ׵ּ
ӽԺһǧ˾ͺͽûκιϵˣλٽ֪ˣҲҷŰƨ
̫۱Ƚ˴Ԫ˧Ҫϰ뼶

̫۷ɵúܸߺܸߣֱڼǧ׵ĸ߿գƲڵȫΡ
űķǳ𾪣ģӿ֮Ȼ˾޴
ྐྵȻԷˣ
ڴ۹λ棬ǿҲȫܻа
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Ǹˣ
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Ϊ̫˵ˣһȢλģƴȢġ
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û̫۵ҹ㣬δޣǸİˡ
⻰һű嶼÷ڻ
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˼ȫڰְְ֪ζε衣
֮ûмˣһƬһˡ
Ҳ֪ٴΣм衣
ҪһҪž

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Ʋ㡣
ʱһޱȾ޴ĳӡ˶ű
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Ǵ۹׶Ƕϵ۹ǣǽģԶԶȲǰ
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ǽȫǸֽһİʯͷɢصĺɫâ
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ֵܹ󲿷ʬ죬Ҳ˵Сǵסˡ
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۶һٶʮУмߣʮӣʮĿѧѧоߣʣ¼ʮĹʮũ
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ʹǻʹˣһǿľ±ݡ
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ҲǴ罵䵽ǵģؾ֮˲𣬾Ϊ

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ԣһҪȢجε۹һоߣ˵ĴԪ˧֮ӣ֮ܲӣĶ֡Իһʤʱڱǿ󡣡
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סֻҪɹͨĲ㣬ܹͻʥ磬ǸʱͿԳˣΪȫ绹ûһܹɵ
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ľȶűǿööࡣ
Ȼһӣֻ˾޴Ĳ͵ץס˶ű䣬ֱԵ



425 űֱ
ֻʮ׸ߵĲж󣬲֪
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ĹǼܺƤжͣűҲ֪
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ͬǰֻļͳ̶ʮ
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429 ֮ɱȢҹ㣡
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ڶű̫ˣϲʱ
ԣֻѡһַ

һˣһڣ϶űŮһųϳԷ
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Էŵܵȥ档ű
ӺܿذķȻŮܳȥˣСǿĶӴͷɥظں档
СǿӸűһ裬ԼҲһȻ󾲾ڶ档
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贵Ժ˵֮ҼϾᣬǻзŮǣһȥĳ̨һʱˡҲ֪ǲרҵӰѧԺۺԴѧҪϷǾԲܵġ
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贵տˢ˰ҵı츳ʵһġҷĻγɼܺãҾϲǡȻõ࣬յ·ҲûͨߵԱûлϡǸԺҲҹΣûʼʹĥͲˡڶˣ޵úġ˵ʱʧܣȴҲŮˡ֮Ϊǰ;ȢһŮˣȻ쵽ȨƵʱȴֲˣⱲǲǶû˯ƯŮ˵
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һ޷󣬵ʱСǿĳǺεȵ׶ߣŰ׵סһͰҵʱǸǿ߻ҷˣȻҾͳΪŮˡһ񱣬ÿζڵʱ˯ң·ԸҿĿҲ֪ҶʵģںҹҲܹܵǵߣҲܹǵ
Сǿô󣬶һ޶Ĺ°ͣһӾ˳贵һֱΪҲ֪ĿһҹӴˣȻҾͻˡһޱȣ˯ңҺ֡˲ͲˣȻ·ӲˣΨǸطˣ˱ܾҪήԭǷǼǿġ
ѾԱزˣŮʶ׺̾ͳΪ࣬ѾΪ׵ϰˡ
ȵӦ󣬾Ҫҡ贵˵ң˳ҲĺӡȻҵ׼õ򣬾Ͷų֮ˣڶȢҡ
ⱲӾˣֻһǾǸԺһǳªСǿ贵ҲǣģҲǸǱҵĸԺҵһźƴҪֲҲСǿΪ֮У˭Ҳ˭Ҫ˭һ˵Сǿ˵Եɡ
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贵Ƕʱ̫ˣ޲ðħƯŮ˶˯һ顣֪ʱǼưɵŮ˶̸㣬ȥ㣬Ϊ̫ˡһҸһСԱȥȾƣҲ㣬ȵðȻŮ棬Ů˸ˣ滹мŮ˰ֻ͵ġ
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ʣµʮˣĳ̶ֳ϶ǲ̫ķӣΪŲܷ漣
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440 ǿޣ֮ɣ
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սʤħ֮ŮħЦǾűµȻһԣҲģԶԶȷĸǿ󰡡
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Ȼǿһ⣬͵űлƽȵĶˣ۳Ϊһ壬·һűʯ׺ڻƽϡ



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ʮҷɴ޴ɽڵͿշиǿѹȸС
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Ѿһ׼ôʱͺúϢɣȴսĵű
ּǧȵ

̫۹ľ䣬ĳУȫ˵۶
Ϊ˴ħ˵ֻҪڶű߷Բ࣬ȫҪɱøɸɾ
ԣ˶ڶűĶ֮⡣
ˣ۶ϲо䣬ȫ룬ΪǲżҪ֮ء
ϲʡܶŶٶ˳ŶǨƣΪجε۹ʿо֮ءǴϷɹȥģǵĿֻжű͵۶Ӧòϵ䡣
е䣬ǰδеһĻ
Ҷվǽͷ
ϵҲվڳͷ
ǰǽ˵İƺƵŹ·¡
ںѹѹ༸ǵء
ĽĦг
ߵװӣҲܺá
˹ǹͨǹǹͲӦоС
влڣǣʽڣﵽǧ֮ࡣ


̹ˣ
ʽװװ׳ǲ

ϵװֱǳټ֮ࡣ
װֱսдͺըֻͣڸľû档
Щĩ֮ǰģ൱̫۹Уⲿ˽С
һΣ˴Ԫ˧Ϊֺ˴ħ㳲
£˵İͬһֻޱǿսޡ
̫۹˱˶ű䣬˵۶ҴЩߵġ
һϣ̹ˣлڣװֱս˿߳˳֮ࡣ
ԣִͻԣ̫۹׶ԶԶ˵ģֻǵ֮һ
÷Ž˺ƺƵİޱʹࡣ
۶ˣ̫۹ˣҶԲһųܵˣҶ÷£ȥ۶սǼǰ֧ǿޱȵĽ˾ţʱʧȥе
߷Ҷеսʿ򲻹߾ŵһӡ
ϪǵصĽ߰̾Ϣűˣ۶ˣ̫۹ˡ
ãǸű͸ǧСӺȻè߳Ƶˡ
ϪĿ¶ʹ֮ɫûϣˣûϣˡѾ㹻̫۹۶ˣȻȴ˴ħɳ֧һ֧
ûƺƵİ֧ġ
ʣ¿ܾţţجε۹ţħһ֧һ֧ǿ󣬶ҳּαǿ
űصĵ۶ʣʮˣ˵İ򲻹˵ˡ
ʷһսˡ
ͻӵս

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̫۹۶ıƽϣǵأںѹѹ
߶бݣȫߴռ졣
űվڻʹߴ֧ڳľӣ˻ɱ
սˣ


444 һ浹ɱ˾
ʵϣһսͶ볬һֱȽϻսΪ
ʷϵ˹ָձսɴ۹һս϶õıﵽ˶
ǳ˰Ĵսۣ˫ȺͶܱﵽ
˵İͬˣȫӿսϣϾӡ
˴Ԫ˧ǳռս߶еĳ򣬲ڿ̫۶ʼߡ
Ϊ֣ɢһһķϡ
ҿʼأءһ̵̳أһٹ
ִս϶õϴء
ܹըɷ棬Ȼɲռ졣
ʮСʱ
ȫ˻أأأء
ҼټֱսͺըҲѾ׼ϡ
ֱػãֱڲڲáսͺըڼеĻ
Ԫ˧ףף̫۶˶ӹˣʣһЩˡ˵ֱлڶЩߵ˴ˣʣʮѡ
һ㣬˴Ԫ˧ӵȻ֪
Ԫ˧ףǶѾӽ̫۹۶ʮˣű仹ҲûǷ䵼֤ʲô
ߴԪ˧ӵȻ֪ΪʲôΪűͷĻں͵ǳϡС
ף֤˶űеĻСΪҲ࣬Զǳ˻룬Ҫ޵Ļڲϡ
ߴԪ˧ӵ㾿Ҫ˵ʲô
Ԫ˧ףףǲصӸϵˡƾеͿ׾ٽűͿԳ׽̫۹׶ըɷ棬Ƕռ
Ŀһ
ƾİűʮӵȻ׾٣̫۹۶ΪƽҲѴ֮
ϾѾ֮ǰ̫۹۶ˡ
ǿ̫ˣڵļʮҲˣеҲˡ
Χе̫۹жȥ֧Ԯ
̫۹ŴԪ˧еԪ˧Ĵܶкˡ
ҴкĶǶԸ֧Ϊ̫۹»ʵۡ
Ԫ˧ͻʵ֮䣬վİ
Ԫ˧ףף˴ħಿĵλ͡˶ű䣬ҹռ̫۶Ļܿ˴ħĿ࿴λһԾϡ
⻰һߴԪ˧ӴΪĶ
˵Ļǳе
ű֮۹Ҫһ»ʵ۵İΪ·ĶħҪģÿҪȶӦһι¶ħġ
Ŀǰʺλð
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һ˳ȥȫܳԵñġ
ȵŶˣֵľ΢΢ˡ
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ޱĶǽӾŴԪ˧ӻǲҶ֡
Ϊû˴ħ
ڴħƽȫǷĵĿ־壬һ㶼Υ
ڴʱ
ϳһӰ
˴ħʹߡ
Ѿзű䣬ռ̫۹ǣΪ۹»ʵۡ
⻰һӴԪ˧ϲ
ֱӹڵߵ׵ūŶлħº񰮣
Ǹ˴ħʹּϺֱŷ뿪ˡ
ϲ°
Ӻף˷ޱȣ
ʵ˭ԸԪ˧ܹסڻʹ棬˭Ըסڴ氡
ǰⳡʤȫֿɵð
Ӵϲű䣬һҪл㼤ŭ˴ħ°Ļᡣ
Ȼ󣬽ߴԪ˧ͬ˷ܼһ㣬о׼ǣ
ףҲѪڡ
ͶűģΪǳУűķ̫ˡ
Ǹȶű䱾Ҫǿǿجδħףѳڶűϡ
űϾҪ군ˣףܿͻΪ۹̫ˡ

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Ԫ˧ףһ¡
ϰټܵ˻̫۹Ƿȥ
֪֪˲ܰսʤ
Ѿ֪̫۹ӿˣҪ֪ĲΡ
Щ˻Էɵ׵ĸ߿գȫ䱸иͷ
ˡ
ܿ죬һٶ˻һ׾룬̫۹ǵϿա
ಡ
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һǳܼĲǹѻǹϿ
ա
̶Ƭʱ䣬ͷųȥһٶ˻ȫ䡣
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̫۹ǵľȷʵ٣ϡ٣ڵһЩֻٶŶѣֱֻʮˡ
Щ˻Ƿǳܵģһ㵽ҪĿ꣬絼̹ˣսֱڵȵҪĿ꣬ͻ̱ע
Ԫ˧ף֪̫۹ǻ᲻һû뵽˲һ̫۹˭ʶű䰡СǿҲˡʱڶűģǷӾˡ
ӵͷ˵÷ǳе
Ԫ˧ףףʮСʱܽս⻹ǲռҪʱ䣬ݻٶűľֻҪСʱ
Сʱ
ǷǳǳصĹˡ
ףУһСʱڻϴأ㹻öűߵʮгױ߽⡣
ʱߴԪ˧ͨѶлڵλλλ׼Ŀ̫۹ǣ׼
һ¡
ʮƽڣеĻڣеĻȫһٶ๫Ķ̵̳أҲʼ
Ԫ˧׼ϣ
Ԫ˧׼ϣ
Ԫ˧׼ϡ
ڴʱ̫۹ǷһӰɿ
̫۹һԪ˧˿˿
Ԫ˧ڣ˿˿̫۹űлת档
ߴԪ˧Ӵ£
Ԫ˧ףҪͶ̸ˣǲͶ
̫۹һԪ˧˿˿ű˵̫ͬ
ģ˴Ԫ˧ӴЦűСһĻ˰ģҿͬΪķһŹһӲʫ᲻Ű
ӵҲȥתűС˲Ϊֻ˴ħ£Ϊ˱µ־˵űʬΣǽ̫۹նɱüͷҲһ¡
̫۹һԪ˧˿˿һۣȻתȥ
Ԫ˧ף˿˿ȥ˶ϴɾӣɣǲͶűСð˴ħ£ôߵ˾͸ǻὫɱøɸɾһ

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սͳ˧סֻǵ˵ĵһ֧ӣħڲãڲãڲáΪЩǿ˵ģҪһ䲻⣡
ԣΨһܹõģֻоŰžʯħڣ
ŰžʯħڣҪѹƲҴݻٵ˵ļǧŻڣٸװã֮Ҫƽ˵Զ̻أûģ
ûģ
УǧʯħִӦ
ʵ۱¾ڻʹ濴ǣСڿС桷õ˵һڵڻʹΧ˹£Ҳûûȥˣֱڳǽض
ŮʴڿСģһá
һڲսַعһڿƬ˿
һŵľʦҪ˵һãһʹöû⣬þԼֳɶļ֣Թš
ζűľŰžʯħѾʮǰȫһˣ˾˵
ȣʯħڵЧ̴ﵽ˾˵һٶ๫
׼ȵõ˾޴ڵŵٶȴﵽ˵3900ÿ룬12ҡ
Լǰʯħڵ˼¡ڤ֮صսʵڵڤɱԲתӾˣ̸Զħڡ
ˣǰŰžʯħڣԽߵĻڣѹԵƣ
оʯħڣʼ׼
оʯȺԤ
ʯħȺ
ȥͺܼ־֢ĸо˼·Ҳڵʱپֻ౶
ȣÿһȺǿƶġ
ÿһ߷ȺʮŸϸ΢ڹɣÿһڹܵĿھʮףÿһӿٶ෢Сڵ
ķȺűپ֮ࡣ
ȻַջҲѾˡ
Ϊϵ۹ʹ۹ļʦʿŶѾµķǾǼڡ
ʮǰɫʯװñܹ⣬̫С
ڼǰڽ⣬ʹúɫʯװܹǿȸ¶ȵļ⣬ӵмȿµɱոɱЧ
⼸֮صսΪзռڣͱڤŵķ˼ʮˡ

̫۹ⱱߣһǧ״
˵ǧŻڣ鵼䳵ȫѾ׼ϣ
зϵͳҲʱ䱸
ߴԪ˧ӣѹĵļ
СʱСʱűĶΪƽأڻϴǾ
۹Ļʵ֮ڣôֿɵã
𣡽űĶΪƽأ
ӴԪ˧͵һ£
ʱޱ𺳣ޱȾ޵һĻˣ
ಡ
ǰһٹĵϣö̵̳Хŷ˳ȥ
ʵòϵǵ󰡡
ţʼ˷ķ䡣
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󣬽ǧŸʽĻ뿪
ʮƽĻأð˵Ļ⣡
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ǧöڵöǧö̫۹Ƿȥ
ǻص
ڻϴأ㹻ͳΪƽء
õȿˣ
ⲻðգоԵİգҲһԡ
ʯȺУмڡ
㼫ڲУһָ㹻Щڵڳеǧ֮⡣
ڵͬһ㳯ŶűĶǷȥ
ߴԪ˧ӻ
氡һĻԼûм
ǵȴˣȴΪ档
ɣɣ
ű䣬ʮɣ˳۹Ļʹڽҡ
Ȼһӣ
ޱȾޣޱ貣ޱȶĿһĻˣ
Ȼ̫۹У͵رĵ꣡

߾ű䶼ǵĻں͵Ҳǧöѡ
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ÿʮ򷢣
ÿһٶȶ屶٣
ÿһ꣬ڿб˶Ĺâ
һ˲䣬·ܲǳ׹䣡
ÿʮ򷢵ĵ꣬бճܲÿһռ䣡
ÿʮ򷢵ĵ꣬ڿ֯һŷ
ৡ
˲䣬˷̫۹ĵڵ˳;أ׾ٱ˺飡
䡭
춯صıը
˴غ̫۹мһ׿ռڣױһƬ𺣣
ʮƽĻ𺣣
һĻ֮貣ִս϶
Ϊ򼶴ս20ڣǸʱԶԶûôţսҲûô
ʯȺܾˣɵ©֮㣬˵ڵɳų
ţ̫۹˵ڶڵ
ʯ
֪ʹ֮ǿԻתġʯǽɫʯĵ˲䱬ҴӵתΪ
ٷʯȥڿбը
һƬ򣬱ޱȾ޴ĵ
˲ǻڵֻߵȫи˲·˴һ㣬ǿĴɣק
еڵ͵ڵأЩ͵ת˷طȥ
˲䣬е©֮㡣
ûһڵڳ档
ߴԪ˧ȫˣ
ȫǰһĻ
⣬ⲻ
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׼ȷ˵ϸûôţƵķջοĩ
ֻ˵һǸˣ˭ô۹λʮǰ͵
˵˺˵Զ̵֮⣬£21ͿƼѹơ
ǣߴԪ˧ӣԪ˧ף𾪵̫ˣ
սоʯħڣ𣡡
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Űžʯħڣͬʱ
ɫĹâ֡
Űöڵ12٣ڿһĹâһֱߡ
һĻʤգκεӰƬж޷
֮ƣ꣡
̶֮
Űöڵ˽߾ͷϡ
䡭
Թһߵɱ



445 ɱħ𾪣
ಡ
űһľŰžʯħһˣͺͣϢ
ЩʯħѾʮǰˣ˾޴ÿӴﵽ˵15
ԣÿӿһ෢ڵ
ڻϴأ
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ߴԪ˧գȻоضڲ·˴͵һ㡣
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û˻شԼҲҪش
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ЩڣЩļҵʮڵĹģ
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ڽһӣǵԶ̻ȫȫˡ
Ȼнߴм̹ˣмټֱһսͺը
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ڶűôڻ֮£Щӻ
ֱսըܹŷɵ̫۹ǵϿ
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м̹ˣڶűڻ֮£ȫǻײˡ
Щ̹˵װ׾ٺҲ޼£׾پͻᱻűľʯħ˺ѣ
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˵İֲһٶ֮ڡ
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ಡ
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Ԫ˧ǵĵ⵽ڻϮʧ޴ʧ޴󡭡
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һűĻһϴأĽ˾Ž֮֡
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ʱԶĿС
˴ħʹһ֧ƯڿУսһһ㱨ƽ
ˣ˵Զ̻ȫˡ
˴ħƽ㵣ô죿
һӡʹߵűʹݻ˽еĻڣ
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ôһȲɱˡ
ʹߵūѾˣűЩԽ˾ӵо޴ɱԿܾȫȫ޼£һսسˣܲžͿԽűնɱ
Ļõġ
Ϊ̫۹֮ڻмʮˣǱܾɱǻ⣬ι·Ķħ
ǧų֣Ǿֻʣһˡ
ͳڵļʮˣЩġ
˴ħƽܲű䣬̫۹նɱ
ʹߵּ˾֮ͻűȫϢ

˴Ԫ˧ѣ֪òóˡ
ڴʱԪ˧ףףűûҪ˼
ȷʵˣݻ˽˵ĵ֮󣬶űľʯħھͣˣ
Ԫ˧ף֪ˣǽ˴ࡣĩѾٺˣԶű䲻ԸɱҪߣ
ڴʱ̫۹һԪ˧˿˿һγˣԪ˧²Ը¾ͬࡣһ·̴ľӺ󳷣ӵԽԶԽá
͵һ鴤
һԪ˧˿˿ҵ֣㻹˵Ļ¾𣬽Ľ߾նɱ
壡
ģ


˴Ԫ˧ҧгݵǺ󳷣
ȻͨѶսλԭת󳷣
ʱ˴ʼ󳷣
һԪ˧˿˿ų̹ĺ󳷵ˣгκͷŭ
ĩǧǰôҲ࣬һնɱҲʹ߿졣
ȻҲʱ
߷򣬺Ȼĳ
ţؿʼ
˴Ԫ˧ӿϲ
ܲˣ
ʱȫֹͣˣ
̫۹һԪ˧˿˿ӣʲô˼ºķһ·Ҫ𣿡
Ԫ˧ףЦҪǣܲˣűĩյˣǵĩյˣ
ףſЦǵڻǺǵķֱ졣Կܲûõģע·һ·һ
ӵ˷ǳӵĹ̡
һʼϣܲϵҪһ˶ռűĹͣҪΪ۹»ʵۡ
Ȼϣˣϣܾܹűնɱ
ȥ߶űСɣɣܾžǵĿǣͲҪų֣Ǿͻøɸɾȫʬ
дԤϿܲţץʱűնɱռ̫۹ǡ
ʱϰ߾һλͷƽ̫۹ǣʱ׼û٣Ϳܲżлű䡣

űվڻʹߴ߷ëȻ
֮ǰ˵ڵһսͶǲܵģʩչ
һǰᣬǾӣ
ǰ֧ܾţʲӣ
һɫıޣ
ʽĹ޶УǣȮʨ򼣬Ыӣߣ𣬱Ρ
ȵȵȵȣıޡ
ӵ浽У飬ںѹѹݺĵ棬ȫЩ޸ǡ
ǵأѶɣ
űԭΪһȽϿŵ֡
Կ϶ǰ֧ܾžֹ
⣬ǿܾţƺ޾Ű
űܿΪγ֮ΪܾţΪ⼸޾ţȫɾʦٿصġ
ȥ
ܾţͬڰˮһ㣬˴ׯ˳
ɫˣɫҲˣ
ǧƽĵգȫЩռݣ
֧ܾŵ̫۹ǵĺü
߳ǽصǸ
ǰһĻҲëȻ
ڴ۹λڤ֮սҲûֵĵ˰
ؼЩ޵ٶȼ֮졣
ٶȴﵽ˵ÿʮס
Ȯٶȸǳÿʮףξ޴ͬűڴ۹ıһ㡣
űıֻǧֻǰЩȮʮֻ
ϵı𣬱֮͸̸ˣ
ҲǶűǿһ֧ӣֵľӣ
ֻʮ֮һıӿڣǾ֮֡

ܾԽԽԽԽ
·һźڳϷ·һƬơ
ܿҪû̫۹ǣ
Զ̫ܲ۹Ҫˡ
˴Ԫ˧Цű䣬ĻڲǺϬ𣿲ǿԵ̺ʽըܾը
űֻоŰžʯħڵĻܾţ˭ҲȲ̫۹ǡ
ΪЩ޵ʵ̫ˣٶ̫ˣը
ʿ׼
̫۹߳ǽʮﳤʮأÿһжħǹ
ħǹĲӵʽߡ
зռ׼
ڰˮһı޾ԽԽԽԽ
ܿ죬߳ǽֻǧף
͵ش𣡡
ʱ
ಡ
ʮʿ
ʱǲǹǸ˹ǹҲ϶ԶԶġٸһǧžʯħҲ
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446 ȫĪս
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⼸ֻͱ촩ɽ׵ٶǾ˵ģÿܹ׵Щ߰׵ֱõС
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͵ط˶űŭ֮أ



447 ѹĪ֮٣
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һǵ̫۹ǣ϶ΧԷصѹʵ̫ˡ
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ʮҿзɴȻǿ󣬵ϰвУͬľһΣա
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ԲŮҪҪŲŻ뿪ȥ̫۹𣿡űЦһɳܵʵ֪עûаӴ۹ڣҵսûӮÿһζҴѪ̫ɳˣ
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ԲŮĪŭˣ
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󣬵ϴ󲿷ֵĲ壬ȫֻٻɵУΪѪ⣬ɡ

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ȷʵȥűȫ
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ԲŮǿҪһ
ԣһٸű䣬Ҳ˰
ȻűԲŮһһһǾ仰ĩյˣ



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ܵþܹںʹ뿪磬Ҳᱻ裡

˴ħƽʹߵűϣ˵һټɣ粢ôá㲻ǣȲ磡
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ֵģ
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Ȼ͵ؾ󽣣˻جε۹ʿΪ˴ۣΪ˶ű£նɱħնɱͽ
˲䣡
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Լе͸֧Լ͸֧ԼѪ
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ı𾪣·𲻸ج̫ӺȻɱԹ
࣬Ȼô޴
ȻΪ˱˶ĸԸ
ħʹſЦ˸жج̫ΪǱ׳ȻһжǺģ壬ҽֻһ˶ѡƾɱԹҪɱˣǳ˵Σ
Ǽأ
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͵ػһ⼤
ħʹߣֻƽһ߹ѣҶҲ
ŮŮ㵨ҶҲȥɣ
ƽΪĳˡ
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ȻԲŮĪͬͬһŻǳһ㣬ײڶħʹߵϡ



450 ȫʤƽѪɣ
ԲŮĪһӣֻΪĿš
ҪŮҪָĪڵĽɽĸλĲҪֻҪƬؾͿԡƬϵ˻ǹν
ڶĿ꣬Ů󲻿ַ˭ң˭ҪǸңҾŪ˭
ԣĳֵǷǳȶġ
֮ǰǶűеĳޣһ˼ҪŪű䡣
Ϊսܣ˴ħöħʹɱҶħʹ߾Ȼҳ
ԣĳֵ˲תˡ
Ҫħʹߡ
ħּ˱ɫѪ츳ͼȾˡ
ԣ书˶ħ׼ˮ׼ħʹȫͬˮƽġ
Ϊħ뿪壬ʹΪһЩɷǳ֮ǿҲΪħ뿪壬ʹһ㱿հףöħʹ׾ٴ̴
Ȼ֮ԲҪлű䡣
ʱ˫Ϲʱ򣬶űԴԴþһ仰
˴ħɱˣ˴ħɱˡ
ظһٱϡ
ȻΪľѾˣǼղű䴫ľźŵġ
Բһʱű䰵ֻ֮Ūű佫ʬΣԶԶűĻҲûô⡣
ǶűϾظһٱ顣
һԲУҲܵķӦˡ
ԣħʹһ̴ʱܵذԼз롣
ûࡣ
ʵ֮ǰࡣ
һĪ˵ģһħģһǱɫࡣ
ԭȫصһģħһֻ࣬ʣš
ħʹߺڰ̴֮ʱܵؽɫ˳ȥ
ȻʱĪˡ
ԲһԸ񣬻װô߼顣
Ͼһ࣬Բָ֮ˡ
Ȼֻһͷ
ħʹߣҪŪ㣡
ԣһͬھĴϷ

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ĪŮ·һǣݺݵڶħʹߵϣ
һη˾Ĺâҹ
Ӻ󣬹âɢȥ
ħʹ߾ط֣Լ಻ˡ
֮ǰجε۹̫ؿײһ󶴣ԲŮĪؿײһ󶴡
ħʹߵͷԼؿϵ󶴣ɵŭģĪʱôԲˣײͦ׼
ڤŮһĻˣһսǰݵӣ
ű˵ͷ
ڤŮجε۹̫Ӹ߹㣬ûбѣǷجδ۵˴ħ踺ؼͶģ
űҡҡͷûиң
ڤŮǲµģ
űǣҺجδ۵ħзǳĽӵоԵΣУج̫һƷзǳ߹֮ˣĵӡجδһǳ˲ˣ۹⡣جε۹̫ӣܻͶںҵĽУجδ۵ħʾ˶ԾƵļȱۺͺ;ҲΪŲ˾޴ħ
ڤŮجδۻ̫ۣӣΪͽءҿ۹Ҳô
ű̫۲ԱųӺ޳ܣѾˡ
⻰һڤŮʱ˳Ĭ
һڵܲÿһΰӢۣҪһЩ˵ɶ𣿡
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⻰̣ܲʵˡ

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ûʧˣҲһˡ
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Ȼʧȥ࣬Ȼʧȥ൱ֵɱͬһֻϡħʹߵͬǵϻʧȥһϻɿԽ˺顣
˵գħʹ߼Ŷű
ͬʱجε۹ʮǿʿغħսһ𡣶űµ߾ҲԡѪս
߾ţܲ߾ţʮ˴ʱѾվڱԹۡ
ΪǵѾˡ
ңҲǰһĻˡ
جε۹Ͷűµʮ߶սħţǿֻƾжѣ·磡
Щħʵ̫̫ǿˡ
جε۹ʿѾǳǿ󣬵߸˻򲻹һħ
ħʹ۾޵ıġ
جСԲŮıѣҲȲˡħʹߺɻὫڵɱøɸɾӣĶŮ
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ԲеĺڰһۣΪһ֧ޱȾ˵ĺڰ󽣣
ৡ
͵һն£
˲䣬̫۹ڼƽĵ棬˲ҷ
еķӣ˵ˣȫ

ħʹһζ̫۹Ǵ
Ͽվͷ·ʮ쫷һ㡣
еķȫȻͬľһǡ
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ȻħʹޱȾ޴͵ؾҪ̤̫۹֮ڡ
һ䣬ű߾ţجε۹ʮʿȫвħ߷׷䣬߳ױ
Ķħţ̫۹ǿӿ롣
ڤŮű䲢𣬷غͶħս˻ű䣬ɱóǾҪˣŶҪˡ
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ħʹ߾޴ʱײǧٿס
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ţǧʦԽԽجε۹ʿ⣬Ŷħʹײȥ
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ղجε۹̫ħʹ߷ɱԹʱ򣬲ű䴫һźš
ҵ常جδһΰռߣ˵磬ǡҾͰδˣ
һһűظ仰ֱǡ
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ȻĶ׷·ΪУʼɣ
ħţޱǿĶħʿȫܿƣֱӷ˿С
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ȥħʹһ
˼ħ֮һαޱǿ
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ħʹǿزûпսʤ
Զħǿƣû뵽ǿ־ĵز
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ڤŮ˵ڷһУļƻ֮ڣ
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ڤŮ㵣Ŷű棬ǻӮ
űͷӮ
ڤŮӮұ֤㣡
ڴʱ
ű͵ؾеĻƽȡ
ע˾ᾧ֮ڣȻʼ˹ϵٻʽ
꣬ӵص³ɣߣΪǵ𣡡
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Ѿıˣԭûй磬ʱضǡ
ĩʱƬ֮жٹ

Ȼƾűһ˵ľ޷ٻôġ
ǣӵлƽȣӵоꡣ
ٻʱӵĹꡣ
ͬɫ󺣡
ңΪ׵Ǹ꣬ȻĪŮ
ʱѾ͵Թ飬ȫʧȥǣһԹ죬ĹΧߡ
꣬Ŷħʹȥ
꣬ȫڶħʹߵϡ
ħʹ߾޴˲ȫ͸ˣɢſµڤâ
Ǵ˵ֻһϰ
ħʹ߾ŭѡ
ԲŮĪˣԹ龹ȻҪر
겻ɢ
Ů˱ĸжǿ
ħʹ߷ڵİꡣ
ű䳤һڣʱˣ
óһǰδеĶ
һСôľʯģ
ʯĵԶԶһҿзɴж̺
ؼһųըƵߺ˵
ȻըԶħȫЧԶħʹ߸Ч۹еԶħʹЧ
ߺ˵Թã
ڶħʹ߱Ĺ긽
ÿһ궼ץסħʹϵһ⡣
һ߳ըըеǡ
ͬʱץסĶħѪ⣬Ҳᱻ˺ѣ
ֱ׵˵ԭ߳ըԶħЧ֮ըܹɱˡ
űһ߳ըֱӳŶħʹ߷ȥ
ħʹ߷˻꣬ǹϾҪըûҷˡ
ȻЩϣƴץסÿһ
ĪŮˣıִ
ħʹƴҪһƽű
ǣȫÿһ
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űɵǰȻ󽫷һը͵ؿڵĿȱ
Ȼ͵
ħʹ߼С
ҲģҲģҾȻַʽȥ
ۡ
һС߾ը͵ر
˲䡭
ħʹ߾޴壬˲ҷ
ҲŻҷ
ûжٶ
ޱǿĶħʹߣȥʧ
սʽ
űȫʤ
ڤŮĿȶŶű䣬һһ˵Ҿͽյ

جε۹ǣƯڿеĳۼ
˴ħƽƷźƣڹۿƬ
ǵݣϷ
̫۹Ǳ߶֮սҪˡ
ʹ׼ħű䣬̫۹ǲѴ֮
飬飬ݵǶűŮһᶨŮˣô˸˭أ˴ħϾҪץҼ޸ˣҪָӵϷȫݳ
ǸݶűģˣΪѾˣ
ǸݶűԱֱӱһɱˣ
ãϷҪʵǺϡ
ڵĶű䣬Ӧó͸ˡ
СƽѾȫˣԶűϿȥˣʬ嶼Ը
ΨһڴǶ޸˵ӡ
ңһĻ
ָˡ
ʹʱ
һħ˽ɫ̵ˣĶħʹߴˣűɱˣħȫ𣡡
ʱ˴ħƽһ鴤
һ
Ƭ̺ıӿʼԽԽ
Ǻܿ죬
ѶűŮҪǿǳƽȴ˺¡
ǣ
ȥ̫۹˶֮ɱ⣡˴ħƽ
ǣ
Ƭ̺˹
ħ뿪塣˴ħƽ
ʱħ룡
Ƭ̺ɣ
һʱ䣬͵ػΪħˣ˴ħƽĹ˾˵Ļ档
ΪĴħ֮һҲǳǿģħѪѡ
ԣΪҲﵽ˶ħ׼ˮ׼
Ļ棬˲佫˴ħƽ֣
һӣƽ֣ڿһ
ʱĻ汻̳ɱ
Ȼϵħ״̬˻
ָ˾˫ŮˣŻɫȹӣϳһԻ
ƽһһ
ֱӹڵϡ
ǶűŮˣҴһ㣬Ҳû㡣ƽڱǸҪǿˡ˲ٰ֪ĶƬһҪǣŮǡȻҪҪɱҵǰɱ
飡ƽϵҷ¶˾׳壬ȥ
һָ
ϵȹӣһһȼա
ǸҪϳˣһǿϷҪϡ
пһҷ𡣡
ʱ򣬺Ȼűǰ˴ħƽǰ
ƽĶħʹˣħҲˡűЦˣѪˣȻңȻҪǣҾս㾡Űħ̫۹ǺҾսϣ


451 ƽذܣŶ
ű˷·𳹵׻˹
κﶼʱĵļ
´ʱˣҲˣ
˴ħƽŶűãһȷҪںҾս
ű֮ǰԼһӮһսҪĪŮĸħҡĪŮѾˣӦðңԼ𣿡
˴ħƽȻǲܵġ
űһ֪˶ħʹսܵϢħȫϢôѵһأȻ𣿡
˴ħƽȻܣپĴ¡һӮҵ߹ҵȻ㾡ȫǣң
űЦˣңսԵúй
˴ħŶűһ֪ħʹʲôΪ𣿡
űǶħ׼
˴ħ֪ʲôΪ𣿡
űħ
˴ħ֪жٸħ𣿡
ű治֪ˡ
˴ħŸоŸħÿһȶħʹǿ»ʮħ׼ÿһͶħʹһǿ󡣡
ħʹжôǿڸովĴսűѾָܵˡ
Ѿˡ
ڴ۹Ǹħ۷壬űʥѡ
ħʹԶԶȶħǿȻǶħ׼ѡ
˴ħƽħʹħŵǿܵ𣿡
ű䵱Ȼܵˣجε۹ʮߣµߣȫ򲻹ħš
ѾǶűеˡ
˴ħĶħţ֪жٸ𣿡
һ򣿡ű
һپʮ򣡡˴ħƽ
֣ȫϢ
űµ㾡ȫ޷ħţ˴ħһپʮ
Զűʱе˴ħͬһų
ˣȥսϣ˴ħЦ
ụ̋ϣ
˼˼˴ħƽű䣬ұѾʧȥȤˡȫû뵽һ²ˣҾһӾͳȤζھ˺Ȥˡ
Ǻǣű䡣
ƽȻ˼˼ŮһҪǿġԭҴ㽫ǿȻô˼ҾͽŪзϣȻٻòãӦ氮Ӧòеɣ
űһ鴤
ƽڱϿţ͸ˣҶ־±ˣ
ȻһȥЦˣİ˾ڱϿǿ㣬ӦаɣͬʱӦûĪˬжԲԣ㲻Ҫ𣿴ҶŮɴ̼Ҫеģ
һӣȫ޷ķӡ
еλ׼׼࣬׼λҪյĻȹˣҪ˫չֳˣ
ű䣬ҪңȻҲң
̫˼ˣֱôˣ
ȷʵϣûκֹܹƽӡΨҶ̫ˣֻΪһĿģǾ׷̼
ű˵ֱóһƬ
Ƭƽ·ֱӾҪһ㣬Ӱ͵ֹҪűеƬٵ
ȻʱǰĽֻǶűһӰѡ
ٵ̻ٵƬƽ
һŸеıҵգҹ㻹ƽ
ƬƽӺܰϥƹЩȳǲһġ
ˣһֻ۾ЩΣϻ
ԵʱǷǳģٵʵΪЩԭʹʱǳĳª
ʱɼܺãԲſĹҽѧԺʿ
عʱѾһˡ˶ΪΪҽѧǳȫ˹Ȼȴ֪һֻΪΪħѡϵͳ
֪ΪΣξϵͳѡСǿˣϵͳѡƽˣǶ޷ֲȱݡ
Ϊ֮ƽһߣҪԼ֮ǰª󳹵׸ѡ
ԣ֮ǰªʱӰƬȫݻˡ
һҪ˵ǰһ覴á
ڶű侹Ȼóһ֮ǰĳªƬʹʱױˡ
˭ˣ˭ˣƽ
Ȼ󣬶˵ڳɱøɸɾ
ūͣǸĪŮħǸޱǿĶħûзӦͱƽҷ
ΪڵϣûпƬӹһ١
űƽڷŹƬҾͳ١ҾƳӰϣ࿴µжħȫ
ƽƬģҹģģ
űŹ
û⣬û⡭ƽ΢ЦȻһӣ϶ʱֱ¹ڳ
ȻϵЦݸӵʿˣЦűңҺܿˣŰħЩ΢һɱøɸɾҪһõļ䡣
ƽԭһι·Ķħûа취ˣֻܳɱˡű䣬ΪԭҪˡ
űҵ㣡
˴ħҺܿˣһʱ䶼ģ
ȻһӵŮʿʱѱǿˡʱģ֮һڶűıǰǿģһڻϵġ
ű䣬úúŮɹʱɣΪǵĵܿҪˣ
űɵҵ㣡
ȻӰƽǰʧ
˳˵һǵͨѶϵͳûв´ĻӦҲѪ½ɡű
ԣиõġƽ̫۹󣬵ŮʱһϵͳȫתģĶƬӰգ

̫۹ڣ
ű˺˴ħƽͨѶ
ڤŮű䣬ˣҲˣ
ǷڳĿⶼ˾
جε۹Ҵߡ
һ޵Ů˳˺һű£ҲҺ޲Ҳ֪ԭ򡣡
Ůجε۹̫ӵӣֹ踺أ˴ħƽ⶯ƬŮǶ
ܵǷ˵Ĵ
޲
һӣһŮ
ج̫ű£һ׼ĶħʹߺħŶ˾جε۹ʿɱԹĪŮɱԹǸɱ˶ħʹߣɱħš
ԣȷʵˡ
ج̫漣ѾɸˣҲûôǿ߽ɱԹˡɱԹҲûˣҪԵʮħ׼ŸħƽħһپʮħţǸոҪǿһٱ
ֹһٱ
ج̫ԣһսƺûϣİɡ
⻰һĿⶼ˶ű䣡
ѣһԪ˧˿˿ȵȡ
̫۹ߣ۹ߣֻجε۹ʿþе˼ά޷һսôʤ
һħʹߺħţѾ˾ˣο˴ħ٣
ű˵֪˴ħȶħʹǿٱֹǡһսǻȫʤ׾ٵػʤ
ƽİħţһսвֻۣ˲ѹɱ
⻰һ˶ˣ
˴ħİħźεǿ󰡣
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⻰һȫ˳ܣֳޱȵĺ档
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Ǻܿͻ֤һĻˡűΪ˴ħ¶һʱ䣬İħźܿҪɵǵͷǵĳϿգ
ұ֤һսܿʱǾͿԼ֤һ漣
ڤŮ㱣֤
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Ůˣ˭ϡ尡ҡҲ֪ôҲһ߰ļ䣬ЩҾȻˣǺܶ仭У㾹Ȼҵϡ



452 ĪͶűɱ
ʱĶűЩˣ
ĪŮһβûо֣Ϊļƻ֮ڡ
ϾʱԲŮ˳ٴεľźţѶħʹҪɱǰһ̽صѣȻ౻̴ˣɫ໹ڡ
ħʹ߽ɱԹ֮󣬻ûгȥűٻʱԹ龹ȻֳˣʱĶűһЩ㵡
Թ鸽ڶħʹ֮󣬶ű˾͵ըеͬħʹ߶ըûҷ˰
ʱĪŮӦó׻ɢ
û뵽ڶû͸
·Զģ˾ˡ
ȫڶűļƻ֮ڰ
һűʵ˵˺֮ܶǰûм䣿
ԡĪŮĿɺ䡣
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ԡĪŮˡ
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룬Ҳŷľԣ˺εȵĳ̶ȡҲ֪ѾǳǿˣѾȫȥԼκˣȨŮɫ֮ûߣΪиߵľ׷󣡡
ҪĩҪ硣ұ۷ˣҼ޸Ϊޡȸˣÿһζʧˣǿ󡣸ԭΪԵĳªȵ֯һһλǳǳʹ࣬һֱһ죬جδ۱ͬoһǰΪӣӽԺͳΪجε۹̫ӣ
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վǾͬһǺǣվֻһǡ˵ڹϸСģȻҲдС˵Ϊ̫ˣʼղԸӭгһֱɼáΪجε۹̫֮ԼԳΪˣȻɻǡҵһӣⶰӵһשһƬߣ
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جδһΰռߡԣϣиǡֳ˱ۺ;
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һżڵδ˱ۺ;ԡҹǰˣ˴ħƽجε۹֮ǰͰҹˣȥ˾
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Ǽ磬λ֮ڣΨһûжħȾĵطΨһĵطΨһ԰ȫĵطΨһֵܹħֵĵطجֻ̫һӵн뾻ʸǾجδۣøҹ㡣
˵ج̫ʹ޳ƾʲôƾʲôƾʲôҵɷҪ踺ؼͶƾʲôҪңƾʲôҸƽǸ裬ƾʲôܣƾʲôҹͿȥ
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Ƭ֮˴ħƽİħѹ̫۹Ͽգ

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ʲôңҰûзİţһ̫ߵظôܻ᷸
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ƽָĴָһȻŶű仺߽
˵ɱ֮һ壬һչŮһ˯ӣϾҪɷ԰ɡƽܵǣһҪȥȥܵǣһӭȢҵҹ㣬һ飬һÿһ춼˯ȻڶӣҾȻҪݹҸˣ
ҵѾȤζˣҶ㣬űݼȥǸǶô˼鰡ҵһγˡƽոӿͷҾ;ϲȫ˯ž
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һޱϤĵطļµĵط
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ʱƽǶôª۾һֻǻεģϥǵƹǻΣȳ̲һ
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Ǿþס۾ͿԵġ
ôªԼѾҪˣĨȥ֮ǰԼªκκۼ·һ
Ҷűʱչʾľþƽһ̡
ΪΪ˹ƧһĻΣѧϰɼǳã԰һЩƤϲ۸Ͽ֮ǰõ㽶֮󲻵ʮӣʱƽѾʼֶˣƴһڿΡ
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ͬʱűϤ־ΥǸڴ۹ھݵĳˡ
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جδҲһ˵Ϊм޵ģűΪȴûмޡ
ˣһٵǿѾɹȵ˶ű䣬Ƕδǳ˱ۺ;
һ𣬶űͲˣ벶ȸں
ڽƽļУμϸ֮󣬶ű䵱Ȼ͸ˣξħƶһУűһһĿ֮¡
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ȻΪ͸ģǶűΪ͸Ĵڡ

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ʱĶű䣬Ʈҹеķϡ

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Īĳǡ
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ű㣬һصߵģ
ȻɫӰɢ
ֻһ׺ڰĺӰڰÿɹâĺӰ



464 嵮ĩգ
Īˣ
Ѿ֪ûп޹ˣûмǴĻһмĵڶοޡ
һڴ۹ĸױն׵ʱ
ΪһҲֻذһˣǾĸס
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ڶű侹ȻޱҰеԶȫ
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ĪڵһʱӿеƬԼȫ
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Ȼ󣬾̫ӻȣͰʵҿռ䣬ҪȥŮ˼;һƬհ׵ǿ壡



465 ̫ӱ٣
̫ǿϲޱȡ
ԭļƻǲұ̫ġ
Ͼ֮ǰʿѾ˵ˣɹ߲ɶѣ
û뵽ʱȻɹˣ
ԣ͵س˺ʵҿռڡ
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ޱǿξħ곹ͷųǧ׾޴󣬾¡
޴Դľ磬ɣеᣬȫɣ
ŮʣһὫһǧΣһ飬



466 ű䣡̫Ӿ
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