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һʮһ͵ĹҷίĹԱд˴ȨնĶ۹ʱֵ϶ĵĶ۹ǧĻȨ֮·ѽ;ĺӢҰĲձڼͷ˯ʨ
һıĩֵľţԭż壬ǽύ̷ͬά־ʿĻҡȨԼ֮ƣڴ¡֮䣻ԶգȻձ֮ͷɽצںǧǡղӵʱ֮ܡ
ٳ̳ս鳡ΪƣȨǡı£Ϊꡣһ־۸ĴʳĽΣ˭ӮңͻͰңĶ˳һУڡ塷֮У



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󿨳̳ԶˡһҲ˦˼ϡ۾ǰֹմԭ
һʮˣϷˣȴǱѧרҵҵųУžͽ˹ҷί˹ԱСЩߵ˸ӡúӴСͺʵȴЩʱ˵壬ûǿҵΪһеĵزֻýʱ仨ڿ档Ϊ˶öʮʵýݣһʮֵĸҲԵ÷ȳƣһźеӡŮԵǺܲ
йҹԱеٸʱܵɹţԼһͬѧ
ԶԶĿƥӵƽϳ֣ڵϵһ˰ԶԼͬѧôϹŶֻڴп򱱣ĵһõķ糵ɢ
еĵȺҲִеѾֻͲϰߵˡ
ʱ߲ݳʱƵڲԭϡҰҡҷµǿװڹﵱƷۡǸϤӰһԶҡŸ첲Ӵɡɣ
ĺ˼һӡĴʱ񱼣ϻǣһƥת۾һǰһ׳ſ˫ۺһ£Сӵ׼ʱ
һһѣ㣬ʲôʱû׼ʱˡ߰죬㿴Űɡ
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һҡޣŻǻ߰иһֲ˼ӡЦжûУ
һһˣ¼ӦңϰߡҪȥֲ⡣ڵŮôˣΪʲôתͱŮȨ᣿Ůеɫټᣬ͸һ
Цĵ£ŴȥɣҪҸܸɹ椣ڼɷֺУȾë㡣
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һһǰĲԭҲ֪Щȵôֹղԭʣ¶٣ϾǾ޴ɳڸ籣ȴиúķ糧˽㽨ô糵һִƼµ£뾡취˷ίͼһ֣أֻ˵Щ軰ƨҰģôءǸ߸ӵܣڣǲǸ¹ȦӡԼľøһ㣬Щʲô
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һЦûеĴԽС˵ŵĻأ˿ŰٰˣֵͬĹܱȼʮ˾ҪһԱöԸɣܲ٣ܲʲôϡ棿Ǹʱǧδ֮֡ҪȻôôһ뼯Ȩ۷켫ĳһ±ˣûУʱʼı䣬ܱȺһٶߵŤˣѪҪõö࣡
ѵù񫣬һ˵緢
ԼҲֻܷɧѡ
ϥȨ룬ԼôǻһЦ
ǻȥ֮󣬽ˡԼĲʱ˶ҸŮ˽ӰɡȻúÿ㡣
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Ҳֻűƽƣ㶵黭һȦطɹ˴˵˵ĶѶǵɼ˼ֽģûӰˡԸĺõط˵顭ʲôԸˣ
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ĪҵʱͻȻ£ںڰ˺һֵ״ڶը졣ƥ˻ȴڸסһ볯꿿£֪ô£һʲô취ûУʱȴһֵò󻰵͵ԼͷһĸоԼͷվ
ܺãǿ󡭡Ҳˡ
Ԫ2007꣬ҷίĳСԱһʧ١Ĵѧͬѧ꣬޷Ϊʧԭ򣬽ܾ顣
һķԼǰɽر硣һ˺ڵĳաһǰɶϾһЩĺ𣬽سԼƺһ֮ϣŰ˷룬εиͷӿһ󽭺ƺƵȴ沨߾Žˮڲϱ任ľɿݶ٣ɰ׷ഺһж෴½磬ǰһеľﶼһľǶ
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ꥡ
ˬʱڡڶԵ÷ԶɫĲԭϣǵ׺һССɹŰҲƵȺɽ֮䣬һ羰
ڿһֱͨԶĹٵ档һ൱Ӵĳһ󳵣ĻġźɫС죬϶иʢ֡ÿ棬˳򣬻һ׳ĺڲ棬ͦ͹ǵ´ĴЩ֣൱ųӡбǹģҲпǹġһһ
ڴ󳵶м䣬ʮԽΡ׳͹ˮڳԯϵĳźӧñ಼ƤñֱĻűӡ
ЩԽεࡣĿľһӰСʵĺӡֻһڴ󵶡һգҫĿ⺺ףϸһҲʮͷ͡۾䣬ҲԵŴǲ
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鵱жʱͳһһͷûñӵ꺺ӡֳų⺷ѼͱӰֵĵطһӰ漴ϡһжڽ챼ɣƯɴѼүУүˣǸС
˵žʹسӣһȺΧȥ׷ĴָһƯϵǸ綪˴档ϸһȻһͷ̶̵Сŵ·Ź֡Ϻһһ촽Ѿݡ۵͵ˮˮ
үһۣˮժˮ«ŴսСߣʶıšཹཱུĺһȥ
ˮһ¶ǣСﳤһ۾˶Խࡣ¿һֱۣ͵͵ıϷԽôôù
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ڱЦҲ֪ү


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ԺᵶЦȥεء
ĩһܣ䷨д˶ٴһԪĽֵܣ̷ͬ꽻ʮĩǳЩıﵱУĺڰһЩ嵨ɫ
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һ۾ѾЩŹˣ۵ֻǱ󵶡˵ʦֶ̫һְ˫޶ԡޣڴҲʲôûԵ
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һһȥһһ³ӣĺһһڹٵ档̲סЩ棺λ¸磬Ǿҹ
ӺһۣھֵĹأһһҹʦүѲ顣Ǻڹٵôˣֲڣ˼ҵ·
һͷǰһЩ鼮ϷǲǨ㡣ҲӴӵĳ˼ҹҹʱΧһԲȦӾֳɵıݡûһġ
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վĿĿԶ첻˵һ仰ӵүǲǵСӣҲ·ԣ̫ŹһЩ
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СŮͷҸ˵Ҹ̫ߣҲżҡ˼Һ޲ðزźáҪǸˣ·ϱ˶ү磿
СŮ֪Ƶûˣ̫ûĻֻԼİ˵崿ӣʵЩۡ
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žһһֻоСŮӰһԼͰһġŮӣһƾʹðǣҲһȣѪʱ˳ɵˣĿСŮǵͨ죺
һƻΧ˵Ŀ⣬Ϳһŭĳ˹ԶԶľͻȭͷۿҪһѾεľˡ˵ϷˣҿЦҪ򡭡۸


 
ۿɰȭͷҪһס֣ߺߵסȭͷȴСŮ𣺡Ѿûº˵ʲôҪҪ
Ҳ˹ˮŮʦ⣬Ҫ԰ʲôҵġ´αٸˣȥ
СŮһ󶶶촽ҧתͷܡһѪ죬ȴ֪˵ʲôźá˹ΣǿһЦСӲ£үǶ֡ղֵܺͶ˵˾佫Χ׸ôڷ
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ߵĶҲȾȥҹɫѾ֮䣬Ұڳġżһ˻棬һƺû
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ͽ̵ĽǣһʱһεָӡնԵӰ鼮ļ䡣һٶڳȦӡӳж㡣֮䶼Ƥϡ棬û𣬴һ߸ߵ̨ǸӾ˵ã档
һǿҹΣָʦȥˡǹġᣬγԲεķȦʦִһǹǴʢϳĻȴǹǵ࿪˾֮ʽǹһĽ飬ʮ˵ѡһֵָӣͳһſǹγ㹻Ļʮ³˹ʽǹһֱͻƵļ󣬾Ԯ
̸ֽİ󣬿һ˵òֺûûʲôҪʢͻھֵҲô롣Ҫʼճ棬˻Ĵʢ׷ֺƹҲ֧塣û˻ڸһ·顣
̨̫̫Ȼһֱû¶棬ĹܼҶôڣ̫̫ĳΧУΧȫǻֻƴȴֻǵ˵һ䣬ϿΣյʱ򡣾ŵòˡ
ʮӣһв㲼ͣԹصҿһĿⶼЩơһľüһֱߣָӽʮ̽Ĵ˳ȥһг䶨һűӶүǲ̫ǸʲôˡҾһ˵˵Ѵڵá
Ŀ¿ţҡͷڣ㲼õúзȡһǹһȦٸҲ򲻽Ǻֵѧ㶫
ٸһһٸǣôôû˵
һЦҲû˺˵ֵܣϸ߽ʮꡣѶѪģӿһ·̫ƽˡļڣܾҪ¡Ϊʲôرòԣ˵Ҳף
ָΧĲ𣺡ţһģүǶлˣŵþڴӪԹ
һûлشһ߾߹һƤۣñͷӡСƷȵ߽ͷɨһۣү£
һͷһۣ˿壬һ˫ϸ۾šƺӡĿһתȴ͸Ȳ幧һƹҲ˵׼֮ǾŲԡ
һֹھھ֣Ǳǳӵģ⵹ãҹˣҲ˯
ͷͷ俴һۣƶʱ˵
죡ү߿ʮ꣬ĵ߻ǣҹÿƷ󡣾͵ǮȥƶʱŸ߾ȥˣһһлƹͣ
һӣƹģ򵥰֪вܸеĵֲô󳵶ء
ƹĿɨһЦֵܣҸһ¡λǴʢ׷ֺŵĺƹ񣬿⣬ȫǴʢ¡үӵҲǶ⣬첲ܵ
ʢһһͻȻһǰûӰأϵһС˵ɶ֮󡰿ߡ̺ŵġ˵ϵйһó˹ҵ¢˿óףǼɹŵϲĩʵҲȥɽׯɹүʲôֻҪʹʢ̺ŵƹкһͳɣ
λ׷ֺŵƹ񣬾ǲүһﰡʱͷȫǽǮšû취һͭ嶼ûСġ
ƹֻǴһΧԲ󣬶λ⣿ҴʢڿӣǹҹӦ
ЦλͻȻһΣʵүǶôƺ
Ŷڣûͨء
Լʱµĵһۼô
ʷĳڿʼתˡһûӪȴװBĻһ΢Ц
С죬һ


 
ҹԽԽΧȦﲻᶯţʱһͳ˻ǹϣҹɫƺҲԽԽͷɫĻһĺˮһ
һһᶥϣϥǣĿͷա
ڣЩܽʵ
Լľʱ˰
ΧССĻֵҹڳŹض̡ǲʱ̸ЦšһҲûнŵӡͿŶӴŻѲӡ̫̫ϺƹĴԽȴǰֻǳﻹ΢ĵƻ𡣿ôһڣЩ˷ŵе㲻˯
һֻù¶ֹ¶ǿԽ˰ʱաЩھֵģʢĻǲҼǧءϤһУȴڰ֮ԲããɹŴԭҹʱ飬Ҳһտյ
ͻȻһ͵͵㡭û°ɣ
һ͵ľѹͿСŮĲڳӰ棬СеǸεĿһʱʶסԼıӡ
СŮҧ촽ĵݸһ־һɵĽӵϺõӡСŮЩֵӡҲı
Ʋ־סЦ㻹ҹˣɰȭͷͳˡû£Ůһʲô˲ġ
СŮһָϽס죺ûô컬ģҸ磬гµ¡˵ûûģ˭
Ůǹ·峺׵Сõ񡣵ҲսһҲ̲ס©һġ
ѳΧ⣿ԭôһҾǰ̤ʵءǻھֵĹأҲ֪үôӦġ
һЦûشֻǵô࣬үȻˡгµ£гʲôˣ
˵ʱ̲סЩСŮĹĵظ
СŮͷŽݣҵ˵ŮӲдСҾͽҶѾҿи̧֣ͷͦصĺ͸һ·ڡųˣһ·ûԸ˵˵ʲôɻ˳巸ھźЩ̫̫Ҳˡ
СŮƻˣûԼС˵޵еŮƵӡһҲĳʱŮ֮޴Ĳʲô취Լķ޻֪ء
˵ԼɱѾͷˡ
ͬƵͻȻԶԶĴһ󼱴ٵѲʱϳᡣߵĳµҲҲƵϸ߸ߵ̨ԶһԼԼԽԽүӣӣӵľӣ
žһžǹ죬ҹдԶҹֻǶ׷ϳᣬǹ촦ȥͻȻֶҹһƬᶼ΢΢һȦĻѻܣյÿ˶ɫסɧš
һҲĿԶȥСŮҲ˳ᣬվߡ
ԽԽת۾Ϳɳ̽ĻرǾŵĻѾһ㣬ϺµԶЩǻѵıһƬĺӿ֪жＯУ
治֪˭ͻȻŵôһ˰ӦҽеģͻȻǹžһƬЦѾԶ쳹档ת֮䣬ӣͲ֪Χˣ
Ӷʱɧ̫̫ЩӶƿӣѾͷǵĿ޽ӼĻҽո˲ٻ̿֡ÿ˶ڳɤӴУ
һվڸߴԼôôࡣŴԽ˾ˣҹô٣ģ²һǧ˵¡һšȺں֮ڻָֿܵôϮô
ߵСŮŵûʶץסһĸ첲ҵòɿʱ򣬾ʮĴʲôֲջлѵүǶôҲƽƽ
ףһ½ɧĿȫͶȥͼλүѾ֣Ԩͤվڸߴ׸ը𣬽磬һ¶ţ
˶ʱƹ򶨵үİţˣ۶ʮ󣡡
µ򾲵̬ȣʱ˳ġŴ󵶣ָΧϵˣģ
ʱһƬҵװһ»߰˰׵ľ롣ðٶѲǹžûóˡʱҲܲˣڳţүһҷǹֻ棡Ž˴һͬʱǹлɱǣ
ȷǵ˵ĽǶȱʹúսһʶûУԶԶͿʼȫͼľǰҹˡȻ࣬ΪͬѾǰ롣ҷǹ޷γɻܶȵĻֻǳЩֺͻ˿ܲܣûȶǿĳһˣ
սʱǿɡͻȻлɱˣ򵹵һϾѵصĽӣܼܲǿɾͳˡ


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Ȼһȷʱ˭Ļ
һ£ʱмʮ˲ǹ졣žôһת涼ǹȰźõʮǹͬʱû硣һߵСŮһס˶䣬γֳ档һָ֧һץ
ٶǹǴ䣬ÿֶԼѡĿȥû㹻Ļܶȣָ˶ĿꡣʵЩϾ̫Զͷһ㶼ûܵ谭ӡȻڸٽӽĿ꣡
£һЩһԶԶľˣָѶȵļҲԽĴŴֻǴ𣺡򣡴򣡴򣡡
У˻ѵһЩǹ֣ĻæҵӵװˡڶȥʮǹѾ嵽ҵľ룡
֪˭һٳֱӣѾ˲ǹžĴ졣ǵǹɱ߸̫ࡣվĲٻƶʱҽžȥ
һĿĸǹԼ򣬵ҲıСŮͳ󵹡һˤϣûסһ¹ӲڵϡǸղվŵĳ˵Ķ˺üǹۡ
ڵϵһ˲ߵˣͿŻվڳ塣Ƿ׷׵ĳӵڻһƬƵƤëҶҷɡ廹ڻŴ󵶣ָ淢һ
һһᣬԼСŮ¶ѾһŮһЩһĲúôţȥñƴˣ£СŮվȻ˼Ӣ
ʱҲ˲ɫˣһ˳ڻ棬̽ͷܡѳ˳ӣ֪жӿȫǹǻֵĺ
ʱſһõһóȻֻкٵǹֻڼǸٳȴ˲һɵԲȦ߷׷Ļڲӿʱҷ׷׵ļһšʢĻǶſڵϳһ㳵ӷֻлѵʦǻȦֵֿôҲûװʱ䣬ºľʹϳѵүǶе˰ӵĴǹеľͻвǹִҡһд趯һŰ׹⡣ֻҪҽűɳȥ˫ĺһţײĶǡ⣬ƴ
һҲû뵽ԽģôҵһĻ
ھֵʦºôĳ£֧ŶããȻĹˣ˵ʱƺָʲô漣ܷһ
һͷͿȦҲҳһšʢĻǶˣ̫̫ĳ漷һš̫̫Ͽ޽Ҳ˺ѷεˡֻжӴ̨ʮԤõģʹ³˹ǹʦֳӿ
Щ³˹زǹ̫̫ǵҲ̨ٹ˽ӪġҹﾭЭǽ˻ھϡǽЩʦ̫̫ԱߣղŸûʲôóȦýЩʦҲ˲ˣǹͳ塣ʦүͺɱһšʮ˸ɾǹҿ
һѳӣһǹõӣȥƴˣѵ˵ȷء׷״ӦžҪǹҪͷһæڵϱŸߣɤӴ󺰣ܶǹܶǹҵĺ
ʱһƺһжԺ󣬺ִֺݡŵҷ׷ĴҴܵ˶һ㶡Ϳͷһָŵ档Ѿв˳˻ͻѵʦŤһɤӣҵģѵүǣ
ҶУѵҲ֪˭ġʶľͳһָŴ𣺡ǹţ
ʮ֧Ĳǹͬʱ죬ϱսʱǹȻ̲ԶȴǼ졣һһ˻ߵĿУǹʱϼʮ˸һž͵⡣
үǣǹţ³ʹ³˹زǹģʢӽĻƶвپԶŷǹһңָ÷׷Եѹ˶ϴȭͷ󺰵һƺһĹǡʮѲǹзĻܶȣôСķΧ൱˵ġȻתۼʹɾ
ô򵹣治ӿҲˡԸĻײһһȭͷ󺰣ǹĶϣҵĺͬʱǹǳӿȥſ˸ղӿλ档ſȻͬʱ䡣̼ȫ֡ڳһƬ˺˻ͻȻܼĻͷת򡣲ҽһƬѾʼӣҲͣס˽Ųϼǹ﷢䡣һڻһûڻһȵЩǹ׷֮⡣
һʱѾ֪ԼںηˣȵĽŴ̼״ֽŲõһֱ̨档ȭͷ˫ţװţװİԶһ᲻ҡҡλε̨֮ϡûܵǲֹͣŨصĻҩǺ˶ӳ˳̶̵ҽеȻһƬ
⣬ʬҰ
һſֻ¡һߵĴ̼ɲеڶΣ


 
һ˫ͻȻһѰӳľѪǻҩۼ⺺һѱסһֵܣζˣ
һƿ壬ЦһѪȵĳˣŲҪһڻһ㣬Ц˵̫磬ôࡣǻûء
һѳסЪЪٺϼƺϼƣôŹһأ˽ҹǻѣģ
ղŵļսݶֲҡ֪ӺζǧͻȻϮ˳ӡһ롣ʢͻãһָ£лǴˡһټʮʬ塣ѺʹʢҲ˶ʮˡ
һһ棬ֶˮ벻ԼղžȻôͷѵָӡһɹˡܹ󣬾ǻʹ
ѺʹʢĻæʬ壬ָ˺Źˡÿ˿һ񶼶˼ֳ羴˭֪ҪŹֵСָǲú˳ߣڹؼʱָӻھͶĵ꣡
ڻûһ˸˵ӵΧڳӵܣһѡʱǵǹһҹȻޱ
ͺƹ¿һȦɫص˹һƹͷǰһҾҹˡ˽ҹǴʢлָ㡣
һվЦŻһ񣺡үӣҶһϣûʲôлġ뷨ӰһسŹȥɡ
ںƹ̾˿ǰ滹гǧһʮӾۼһġãǾҪٴγˡӵһ롣ƹģǵ뷨Ӱ
ƹһ̯ʲôӣԮҲָϡ䴨·䴨ǵѲӣ֪ˣҹԸЩǶǴʢ
ղһս˵ˣҲѪܵġƹôһ˵ӢҲЩ̡̲ס̾һһƣղԼôѵһзӣһзӵģԼʱΪǹµģ
ȴһ֣ͷһȴСŮйˡСŮյýġԵ֫ϸò󻰡Ҳýġһ˫ȴֻһϴתһ۾͸ϽͷһҶ߬ˮˡ
ʵ̫̫ô
СŮһƲеĿ޵裬ŮĶ̫̫˵Ҫܰˣǻ͡ͷѾ̫̫ǡǰ塣
СŮɴ۾ҸǶڡҲǻѵġ
һڱˣСƢүǶ飡˵쳤̾ӳȥ̨̫̫ǻҲ˰
һһȴԴδйٶڷɿתšа취һа취ͻȻһ֣壺үܲܺ;Ӵϻ
忴ʲôӣһ˵ּֿ죺ղ˵ֻʮӣܴôˣ
ͺƹһͷûҲİ˵Ĺģһǧ࣡ʢÿ궬ڿƤӣ˳ؿڡǾͶˡֻʮӣųԵôӣ
һ΢ЦΪ뵽⡣ҲΪԼʱ侲⡣ԼʱȥڹȥʱԼֻһ칫ɧİϲ񣬵ǵʱŷ֣ԼͬİصһУ
ҲԼȥֻûˡ
ʮӴһͼĻ档֧öˣԭϾȥǱ𣬾Ǳ̲ǡĲ롣һγʧˡڲųٳٲ֡˭ȥģ˽ļһѾʾ˵ֿٿһ·ǮԸˣǮ·
ͺƹ۾һ廹ûȫͨǺƹ˾ѾźЦ˻úúã˾ǮáһЩСӹⲻû֧֣Ҳû취һʱϴӦԼڲ͵ó˹İɣǧ˳ģΧǼ죿ǣ¹ٱأĲãǵһδǡȻҲò취
ҲһĴȣһһ򣺡ֵܣԴôģô⣿
һȭһɴùꨣʱͿ˰ءżʹ˵ǸȻһסֵܣǴˡû˵ģȫģ


 
ԽԽõȼĻϻ̡
ǻۼڳӲǹ֮⣬˶ѾϢֻһߵϣʮҫʮۼһƺЩʲô
ȴĬĬڿųȦʬ壬Щûһһҽԭҹ˼ɱա
û˸ȥʬղܼĻòμ˳Ǿδ
ʮܻ㼯һԶԶĸųӡǰ븽൱ĵطͻȻҹϣһٳƱֵȻɢԶԴʢжɷʽϤоԵİգ
û뵽ʢҹȴΥٶ߿ĹءôһԲ󣡶̽ǰǵ٣ǹ䣬ǴЩ⺷
ĬĬĶŵУͻȻ淭ʮӰ˾ͷ˸ָǹǹƥ˻ţΪҪ档ȴסŵתȦ
ʱȴһֺ󺰣λҵģҪţǻѵүǶ˵ѣ
ֵע£ʮʬ淭ڵǰ˿ڣˮͷɧһͻȻȶ嵽ǹ̵ϣһ˴󺰵ǲǻھֵүүлˣֵǵʳ⳵ӵϣүҲ˲ˣ
ҫͼһϳѾ˵ݡ󺰣ǳߣλҵĳһƬǽӣܸ·ߣ
һڳ棬ںпڡھֺǿĹϵȷ֡һߴ֣һ߻Ҫʽ顣ŷɸġ侳ҲֻܷۡڵСѣǵţ׶پӣ
һ٣ֽУ׾֪λҵ٣һһݻᡣձ͵ǵկӣ
أССֺŵΧ
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ضã
ϷɵүǶأ
ߺҲˣү
üͷͷСһ⡢ȺӡضľӶˣ
һҲСĵҵĻ˵
Ȼͷλҵģλ⳵ﻹ̨Ĺپ졣˾͵ɱ췴̨˳˷ŭλҵĿķ¾ѳˡ
δ꣬Ѿ׷״Ӳ͢ܣ˳ԲǱ⡭
үǽѲŸӣ̧˳ʲô
ģ
ΪѣȰҡǶԽǳְܲ͢ųӡǴƴĶǺõֺ֣οࣿҺʹʢƹˣλҵһ·ǮҲӡλҵ̧̧֣мյǣģ
˵һը˹۵˷ʮҵĶֹס
ӵ˶סϢȴǵľһҲԼĶ亹ĵڿֲͻȻ־þӺһůůϢͷһȴвסСŮĵҲı
Сýģ۾ɵԲ⽭Ի˵СŮʲô̼ղŵĺ½ţһ̣ƺ׵˾⡣һע⵽֣ǣԼ½ء
ȥ㲻£
СŮգգ۾¡߶ȸҸǿ࣬Ӵ󡣡ʱȴһƬ档һʶĿſڸ̨Ķӡַ˸ۣҳɱķˡ
СŮĸо
ǵƺ˽ȵǸ˴үǲǲӡʮӾۼһ˳ġô֣򲻿ӣûҲҪġʢ׼·ӣ
Ȼһڶ氵Ц˾ǮЩһľǡȷܾܾջ󡣿ǲ֪ǵĵˡ˵һѾԶõѡ
һЦλҵĻӰɣ
ȵͷ޻һȦ⳵ֵһǿүӣҪһ롣ʮӳǷ·
ҡͷλҵ˭ô·涼Ƥ˿ڲֵǮʢˣǴӳ͵ǸλҵǮΣ
ʱ𣺡ȥİɣ
һҪģ
ҵģյġôΧӣǲ´򲻽ȥ
ȵͷһ֣ԶԶЦүҸ˵ôּۻۣ̫ǵֵˣ﹧үݣ
ڵ˳Ѿǵͨ졣ƹĿ첽߹ֻһ仰ȥ
һվһѰסҡͷүȥá֪ǻĹǡס㣬Ǿ͸⳵ˡ
ʱһѾȫȻŷƹҲͬȥյô죿
һüͷƺһѵľŻ⡣һǣүͺƹģܳӵ·Ǯ
ˬĵӻֵһٶʮֵٳ塣ǻȫҪˡ˵ģһȥԼšƹЦЦүҪܵԶһֲ١·Ǯʮӣȥ궬ɹŵ롭
һ˵һߵһԱߣƤë¶ͩľӡúЦҶó·Ǵʢʮٶණѵֵã
վҲվȵˣһҲ̲ס۾Ǵ˵ȣǸڲпԭʼ۵Ľ׶Σڴ˺ͼ̻ϾܻϵȺšôҶˣйʱǷ۽Ҳáſʼйó׵ʱ򣬶̾й˵ȣֻҪŵ飬漰Ľһ᲻۲۵־Ϊͬ΢е˶мΪ֮
ĴͳΪʲôʧأ
ʮĶɥĲԪһЩӵйö
ͷһһʱȵǣλϺƹ񣬾ȻǸʢķֺƹ
Ҳֻǵͷʵһ˽ˡڶǣ̬Σ
廹ɶͷԣϺƹȴĶһګګĵǲԸģҪɹܺƴʲô˼
һ΢Ц·ȥ


ڰ ̸
ֵܣ

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վһߵ˶Ļ˲ͬĻӦҲʱע⵽ǣһ½ǵСŮһֿʼȰһֵܣⲻ顣Ҽˣ⻹ȥ
һȴһж׿һүҪȥǶ군Ҫȥ·㲻ô
ҵȻֵ㡭ɡ
ϺƹȴĿһȻҾʢֻҪһգĸ塣
λƹ˽ԼһЦ
ʱȻʱݡٻһͷûǻȥġгԽʱʶҲһġʱǿҲԸ⡣ȻԽôǿ鶼ϣôʱҲԼĬĬŵİɡЩԼ飬ҲԼʱĵһͰ
ΣաѵܶȥôϣȥԼܰȻɹô˵ԼʱһܹʲôܶɹʱҲԼѡģ죬ꡣ
ԼûеʶֻǰǸʱûиԼˡ
ȴȡ
汾׼ӣתۼͷ˳ȴСŮְһϣͶӶװû
СŮģһڳϾһһأ
ŮĿбӢ۵ġСĿȾľЩһı֣ҲʮӢۺӡ˵Ϳºͺ͵ˡ
һ߰һ·һ߻죺ɵӣͷ
һЦҶܴô
СŮҧ촽һվϴӡӣһȵҲȤͻȻһһȣСŮСͻȻס֡ȵһµĶ
һȴһ黤
ŵʱȥԴģϡԴµġ
һͷôã
СŮִͷ۲ˮң˸磬˴ҡûƲŮˡ
ûг˧һڸposeһСŮתˡ忴еɣֵܣɾȥˡ
ɡ
СĹʳ¯ĸͻֱȥ
ղͺƹ񶼶ˣλͨĻүǸǵԶġ̫̫Ĺඥʦ˵Ļȫǵ˼
ǿλּۻҲǲԽܵ顣ֻҪи˳ܴʢͳɡ
һ߽Ⱥ¾Ϳһ׺ݶÿ˶ŹĹҵƤӣŸָǹ˻ذ״󵶡еûñӣһͷͷͱӾһ飬ֲüë
ģ߽вϵĹڵϣ
תһҲͻȻ򡣿еȻҲвɹˡԼҪͷ̷ðáû뵽ռˡ
ͷӸҶ֣˾Ͳˣ
߽˸߸ߵ͵վŵʮλҵġЩ˸ֵݵĶС϶һе˴ǶˣŰȡʮ۹⣬һϴתֻһӳĺӣһţͷϵǡһݳεĺӣվߣڻѵӰ棬ҲĲûж
үáʮλҵģȻһһҲװģĺʮ
˫ĬŻһ£һͷӾ̲סˣʢ׿ϳ·Ǯ
һһЦ̯һƣ򡣡
ʮһݳ˳ưһǧ֣ӡһ˲Ԫǰ׳ôɳˣ
Ǿ˶ٵ֣Ǿ͵򣡴ʢǶ֪
Ҫ̸ˣ
һǸʼûתǸվӰݳӰȴ֡·ӵĺʱȻֹ
һĵһҪɣΪȺں֮ڣû뵽ȴĹǣ
ղһֱŲµǵһ˸ɾ϶ʱ͸о亹˳ġ
ݳӰλҵģ԰ꡣһ·ýλȻøλҵ⡭
һסϢͿݳӰߵ˻֮¡ĹУֳһְ׵ĳףϡϡһ롣Щ˽ӵİţʲôͷӡֻϾϢȴһҲˡ˫ĿϣƵǾ䡣
һͷӵ죺㵱ʦģ˵˲㣬Ŵ󵱼ҵ˵仰Ǿͷ
ǸһֱûתĳͻȻͺһͻȻһһһ䶼һ졣ģУ
ʦĻҶĻ˭ĲҶ룬ʲôʱԼҵ֣
ͷӶѹǸʦȴڴһһĿ£һҲֻеüĿװһеɮӡ
ԼԸ¸ʲô
ʦͻȻһЦȻţλүղվ̨棬ȭͷģɣ
ǺһͷѾγذףһӱϡ
Ǹٻ𣡡
ôϸƤɹŻ𣿡
Ѷͻȥ


ھ 
סʱҪסٵͷһŷ֣ԼȻӵ侲ҲԼõģ
һЦλɲֻǻƣһſ¡Ȼǿ࣬һûô֡СɮȻ̨ĹȻҪסľƽλҵģ׻ҪҪ̸
ʱҲֻҧԼˡҪɳһصļһհǰûʲôġ
ͷӵذ׹ȻûдΧһֱǡЩɹһɧеȥժϵĴǹȴΧסۿеңǸʦһ֣ذ׶˻ȥ
ЦŶһ̸ʲô̸ΧʲôǣٳԼɳӡ´򲻿Χӣ·浱·Ҫģ
һҲЦȥҲûʲôµˣܴ򿪣Ҫˣô൱ҵԶһʬȥֵƤëӣܹƴɾˣֻЩҵһ·õ˰ɣ
Χһ½סʦ˫һɫͨ졣һסһĺһþһ;Լͷǽڿ죬ʱĿûģǰһڣҪιȥ
һֱǵĳȴ֪ʲôʱתһξ͵˽ʦߡһ̧־Ͱĸ첲ܿһסԼʺҵĴϢţʱΧЩҵĿⶼϡ
һĸղϯѼ֮ĹϵԭϷеıпĴַ˭ҲԼʵʧ
λ뵱ҵĹһЦС㵹Ǻܻ˵ȴҶˡΧЩ֣˭Ųһ·ö룡
ʦҲЦղһ壬һ·ʧ࣡
һҲ̧ͷǶӡкһʣǽӦеӣ
⺺ֳųʮͷ͡ƤҲסʵļ⡣Ǵӣͷһ𡣵ǱֱڷɫУȻ˵̹ף
ԼȻһϿ̹ȻɫȻҲֺȣǱϾھ¶Ҫ㡣жеʣȴһƬ£̹ӣ
ļˣû˵ôֱ׳ģ
ȻŴ󵱼ҵĺһڣΧͷӷ׷Ӧϡ
ڿ⣬˭Ųŵҵģ
ŵҵһ仰Ҫ˸ˣҪ
ҪǶŵҵһ仰˭ɳӣڹضׯһգնӵƱȥӣ̲ţ
һʱ;Լȫ̴㶼һ仰ƷˡʱҲû˺£ֻǺĴλ롣λǰȫԼ˸Ⱥ۵Ľ
˵ģǰһУģģΡû̫еԾܡһԹߣȤĴǰʵʱ
Ϊ̬Уȴλ֪ٵСηĺ͸λҵĶӣһֵӡжʱͰˣúӣ
ҪһʲôվУھ͵ˡ
һ֣˱ˣţһ롣ǵֱûǮɽկǧӶҪǳԷǳϰȥʢ⣬˭⣿Ǹ̨Ĳһãʲô߾ǣǾ̫̫ļҵʢػʮһ߶ɣǸ̫̫Ҫʮ·Ǯ
˵һ֣˽һһΪҪȥȴǱӿɽߴƵʱһذ׵ĵһãȻ׺ݵĵͺ𣺡ʢǴ
ȥǴʢӵĻܡһԺҳһšͷЩҲǰһСʬ˵ڳԲ׳һƬЩļһڳⳤһһš
һԣʵĸоԽԽǿҡǰһоһϷһ3DϷƿϷľ棡
ֱ֮ѾʱһŽĵһʱŻЩ¡
һžĵĳӴ󺰣үƹġͷһ·öŴ󵱼ҵġһ£ͻȻı˳غˣؽˣǧҪǴң
δ꣬ͱֱȭͷصϣžһ鷢ųƲĵʵʵģǼƿڴѾõûͱקȥ


ʮ ս
浱ȻĺһѺ˸ߴʱƹſ˻棬ŵĿԶСŮ¶ѾҲСĶ󡣲ʱûʲôȥˡ
һǶ룬ͺƹɫһ䣬žͿһȥһγϴ󵶣ȥֵܣǻѵ飬գ
ѾүһѶʱҲû¹ѣ
ƹקס壬˥μܵסĴ͸˦˳档Ͻһѷסƹŵｻˣȥȥһ浱Ĵǳصģ
ƹȻץסȥðȥãҪˣӸزס˵зӣһзӣ
СŮԱҲˣˮ۾ʲôĶץľûУʲôӣү磬ǿߣ
˱ӣƹͻȻ
ƹ֮󣬽˶סˡ˭Ҳû뵽ͷӾȻôķλ
ƹ񴭿ΪʲôҪǶЩģ˭֪λ룿Žٸƶеһ£ܺǧǴʢǾˮˮҪ֣ЩɹԼԲϷˡҲաҪȶӣӲõʳ·
ͷӲΡΡվһȥĵطȥؽǸ߼ֻҪǴ򲻿ǳӣ̸ֻǲܰǵõõʲôųɡһɱȻ·ҪȻ͹ȥԽȫԽƽ
ҪָǰôԲΣʱָӴǴȥֹȥ̸Сүȥˡ˻Ҳˣ̫̫Ǵʢڿ͡еʶ˵аգǾֻ
ͷвһǼѾ˵ûˣүꡭ
͵͵һ̾Ϣ
һû뵽ƹӢΪôɳеĻԭҵ̸еļ˫󣬾ǿ˭վñȽϼˡ˭Ƚۣ˭ûֻ⼸£ʵǰֱðǡ
һΣҲôйˡ
УͻȻһһذѾϡſ۾ͿλʦߣĿúӣȻǺúӣԼҲҪˣ
һ£ȻƲ˳ЦĵҲûʲôڻǺͿء˵Ҳס͵جˡ
ʦҪǲǴʢѡ̨ĶˣĺģһȻ
һЦҪʲô㲻ס
ʦЦվڣΧ׷Ӧϡʦ󺰣ǣǳǰܾͿһˣ򿪴ʢǺù
Ӧʱ𣬲Ѿժ´ǹΧһƬ˺˻ۿһγҪ
һ۾תͻȻͿ뱳ĳӰɤžʹŴ󵱼ҵģǹٶһѹ¶Ѹˣȥ
ߴһʦĬһ¡߼ԶͷӸǲŸϵġΪҲûжôһɽկۡҪôʢҲˣƫƫǰȴһѿеĹͷ
֮ĶŴ󵱼ǰҲʵ˵˵Ļһʱ䶼۰Ͱ͵ĿŶߴıӰ
͵תݺݵĿһֻ۾ͨ죺ô죿һ첻Ҫԣ첻ҪƫƫүǳԴϣǽٸƶе
Ȼֻ򵥽׼ʶũ߰ԣܡһпѧϰ£Ѿǲý̿϶Զµʲôˡ
ʲôٸƶ˵һЦ籾ûʲôƽҽȥõĻԼڼȻԼڵϣҲֻ˳˵ˡԸλͷԼ򵥣ȴֺųصĺӡɢֻеġ
ٸôЩ꣬ԽԽƶôԽԽƶǿԷĻƣԷʦүǶٵʲôҶǿ˰
Ƕ֮顣һһһƣëίԱϾɽ˵ԬĲŵ·
ôúүҲס󵱼ҵıмǧҪԷδ̶ӣ´أʢֲǲ֪ÿһ㶫ΣƽƽģͼԶʢÿι·󵱼һʱշѣӦǿһ·Ǳʲôǿһʢġ
ʹ֮ˣëίԱõϰǹõǱշ⣬Ҳ˶١
һΧ˶ЩݡǸ̬Ľʦ˵ˡһͷĵĽһ
һ󿶿Ľۣһڼۣ·ѰӣԺ߻ֵٳ󵱼ҵԼɸǡÿν򲻳ɽô
һƬĬҶڻһȴеѡˣֻҪƽʢôʣƨɡ
ԭտղһĻȥ˺ԶһȺɱڵŪŴǹĵǵҵʢĳﶼԼԼ춯ڻͷˡ
Ŀһʦ·ҲûиоüͷƺһôҲ׵顣
ΪʲôԽԽԽԽƶҶÿһ飬ʶԵġҴû¹֣ΪʲôҲȥҪôôһ
˼Ľ׼ֵܣһֻͬ顣ʮ˱źһӵһأʲôҾղ
ڣҲûϽ׼ΡйôһҵδɵĹңʲô׼ЦڲЩ⣬Ӧõȵҵ֮˵ġ
ôԶʲôǿսȺܲܳɹɡ
ʦ󵱼ҵģսԺͣԶĵǡ䲻¶٣ٴһ򣬽Ǳʱ̸
뾲ţֿ˿ںɫһٿ۰Ͱ͵ԼĴ󿴿һȦʬס̾һˡоȹ죬ϲƣٸȥСʹʢү˵Ǯ·


ʮһ ջ
ɫԭĳӲһѸִðһƵ˻šΧľһģӰſڻĻʦǻ÷飬ȴû˸Ҷֻǵɴ۾ΧһС
ܣȫʬ壬²һٶߡѪڲϣ紵ɣϺڵɫ˺ʬι״Ķܣÿ˶ͷƤ顣⣬£ǹۣսĺۼһжŴҹǶôա
յȴǻΧڳܵǣѾǵÿ˶ҷݺݵĶųǰڰʱϵڣȴһֱûд˭Ҳ֪Ⱥųӵˣʲô
ƹһҹûۣſڻ棬ĶŶ档һƬʱͻȻиŻ
˻ͷһȴһҹĳ¶ѾЩʬ壬һĶġ
ȴûѵСŮˣ̾һѾ֪뷹ó˰ɡ˾ǣҷլҵĻƣҪͼ˰ɡСӼҼҵģҪΪ
üͷȥ̫̫ţôˣˣ
СŮǿֱӣȥһҹͷ˶һɰŸģҪСûУ
̾Ÿ̨溰ӣжûУ
̨洫˶ӶүʲôҲûƼţ
˵ߵУͿ΢֮һӵӰ뿪ӣĳ߹Ӱ뱣һȴݵӣȴǿƲסԽԽ죬󼸺
СŮѾֱӼһʱЦ绨磡˵žͱŸ»һֱǸӰӭȥ
뺰ȴûźƹεЦЦƹģھȱأЦˡ
ƹѾɫ࣬ƤҲסźҲЦúúãǡǸһ
ӱһ󻶺˶վһҲʾ⡣ǸָĹкá
ӣүǶ
Ѩ˫ȫɣ
ȴ󱯹
ۿСŮһһ·ٻѾһһһҹһҲˣϺһһúʲôƵġ۵ѾЩֱˣǳųϵͺƹ΢Ц
һЦһҹظ˶ʱһ
һǰ˰˸£СŮѾһˮΧһȦӣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
һסһļͷֵܣĺúӣ˿⣬ûߣľųǵүǶ
ƹȴ΢ЦſһЦ̸ˣ
һЦȷѾȫ͸֧ɾˡҹ֪ڹŹ˼תﻹ˷ܵúܡ
ԼʱԼİһУҲԼʱҪʲôҲһ
źƹЦҲΰ·ӣԺÿδʢ̶ӹֵֵٳｻүӣԼɡ
ƹ񲻵һ֣
һ֣֧һľʱȫˣľͳ󿿡ȴСŮϡŮһ죬ĳӣȴҪԶһ㡣ʵеΡ
һȴûǵô࣬૵ĵӣǻҪߣţɿˣپǷڣƭˡ
δ꣬Ѿ۾˯˹ȥ
ôһҹȥˡ
һζûС
ҲΪԼľκһΣҪɡ
һʱ򣬾ͷԼڻεԽ档ͻȻһ·Ҳôȱ𣿡
ͻȻһЦ㶼˯һһҹ˭үķԸɳ̽˴ԶĴʢƵߣų·ġ
һȻתͷȥԽδֽ͸СŮ绨ϡڵͰĳ棬СŮһ˫ѣĿȱŤŤţȴ°ͷǳµĴԼģǿһʲôĶһ
ڣĶŮĵ㡣ò˯ѣһʱĳӦ
ϧи磬Ǽһƫƫɰһȭͷ
ȻмɵһȻ鶼ĶСѾͷСԽԽʱ˱ֻ޵ŮôڣһСģٳ׳ɳؿڣٿ˫ȡԺѾСŮ˱Ȼᡢˮַʿװ
СѾͷ񿴵Щ£ȡʵ㿴ʲô
һɵɵķʣ󣿡
СŮһʮˣôӢ۾Ʋ˼ˣ
ɿڰʮͷôҾ徵ûٹꡭ
СŮĿôˮ
һȻʷչɵҪ˽һķﶼ֪ľ¶˾ġŻݺݵĲһѿˮ
ԽͻȻͣȻһԵˣ
˶СŮϽĳһ㣬һһ롣ʱһžôͶӻԼģ
ǺƹʱҲ˲ɫǰˡæһԽ޲ӣƹЦվڳԯϣƸ
Ϊ⳵¼顣ڣҲջʱˡ


ʮ 
Ѿͣ׼ҹβһѣ¶ѾæĽΧԲ󡣾ֵҹȫϡ̫̫˵ȶʵ࣬ԹԵĺͻĻǼһ
һȴһ֡Ȼ˽ԵĺȵĶаضϲǺƹԼӵĶ
ѲĴСŮҲӽߡֻкƹһ˶һûһڵĳŶһ£µĶ㿪С궼˼ת
ǺƹЦȿ˿ڣҹ֮£лˡ
һ΢Цıֱ޿ޣͬȣҲǷ֮£óȻƹѾƹ鷳ˡ
ƹЦˣľһƽܻǮ֣òˡһЩǮôˣǺڿǮҪǴʢ飬ֵһᡣ
ͷӻЩִҵʶֲó˹ĸ߲ءֻôʽԼȦӣʲô˼
ƹһЦ֣ƶʱת˹һһƤӡƹ˹΢Ц˫ֵݹһӹһȴһƱ
ûʽܱ׼£ŻѺг飬ͷβµƱһʷ˽⡣ƱǴĺƱųģ弾ʮ꣬ӲòӲƱˡ
ǡƱҿƽǧ
ǧһѸлһµʱۡǧʯĴףһ˳ɵ֪أڱľųһĺԺʣµĻԼһϱʮġ
ǮϣһֱʱĳֲʵĸоʱͱޱʵԼʱˣ
ƹ΢Цʵò֣;УͷҲôֱˡԶܺŶȻбʾ£Ȼһ㣬˭ͷأ
˵ŲأһҲƵĽƱ˻ʱ;ؿůģǮǸ䣬ȴЦúϲ£ˡ
ƹҲֻЦ֣һùһ˫ֵݵһǰһһӹȴֱ׹ڴһ涼ǰ׻λεӣװһͷһͷǮֱۡ
ƹЦɲͷӵˣǶúүıʾǳ˰ӵ·Ǯ˵ϣֵٳһ˰ֵģǶźúү˼ͷӸӺǮ;õҲһЩźúү˵ˣԸѡ
ҲǮ׬һüЦĽ˹һİʱһǮͶһֵƹǸӣЦȻº͡ʵ֪ʲô㣿ү˵ҲǾϣԶǲֱӻؾʱ򣬱ֺŻгǷϡ
һͣס˷֣ĿźƹһЦº͵
ʢǲԼ򽻵ȴƫƫֵڲͬ˵ˣָӳУΣ塣뻢Ѩ̸Сȷ˾̫Īһֻƽƽ̺˵Ǯ򷢵ˡ
ףȴеơ
۵ĸʱôʵġͬҲһ
ԼģôϺƹܲµģȻʱҲûлͷ·ˣΪʲôԼĵȥҹԼη壬ҲΪԼⳡԽĿУ¶˾Ķѡ
ȻˣͲ
˵ʱ򣬻ѹڿΰ⡣õǧ˰ǮͿˡ˵һͰôͿ԰ԼĲһˡ
ʱҿ
΢ЦųƹЦƹ¿ܻԶסһӣд顣
飿ºƹŴ졣
һ϶ĵͷֱϵ顣
ƹźӣѾ֪˵ʲôźˡĿһ΢Цͷһһ
źϺ곶꣬ѲͰһһߡûһ˵ûͷûԵĽһֽƬһһһŤŤ֡
ǷҼھּҡ滹һںڵӡ
һֽƬЦãүǡ
岻ĵүǶңͽ磡βȵǴʢǻھ֣Ұʮһ˵ʵڵò֡ӴİүǶмҾԴġλ˼ʮ֣˴Ҿ죬ôˣүƣҲȡ㲻ҪƲң㻹ϣõȥá
һЦҡͷĴʢлǧͲúϽƲϵЩĺӣȴһ־һ򣬻һԲסӡڶ٣ȴġ
ֽƬϿҵĵ磬ҪֵܣͱңԺֵӳءǮ
嵹Ҳˬ죬۾һ룬ɴĽֽƬ˺飺ҲԣھԺֵһңҪǮʲôһֵǲֱӻرǣﻹʲô˼ǹûУֵȥ֪ͨһһ߿⣬޶ôĲǣ
һʱһ亹ԼһûأҺûѻлȻҪǹһˣ˭ⰡǵļңͼˡҲա
崷򣺡ֵܱһľųǣһڸɵģͲϡġɸɴһ仰ûѵԸң
ش尡֪ôģһȦе㷢ȡԼûô׶鰡ǴԽֵġ
ڸжأͻȻͷҲеΪѣֵܣо仰Ѿ⺢ӣС¡ʱˡ㵱ģҪһ֡ϸ磬Ҳܲտһλȥ͸żҡһŮӸʦ߳·ôһ£ÿնҲ˵䡣
ţһʱתƣ̧ͷ塣⺺ץ¿ءǲһĿ⡣㣬ֻ۾ƵСŮˣ
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ʹһǣؤڽͷβȥѲԶľ߾ıʿǣõĺŹӣڳŶɹ̫
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ƹԼԽڴǰ⾲ĿżҳֽԽγڳſʯϹʱÿó
ͷӴԼƿӿǰֵĴ·ʱѾߣظͦûҪߡ
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˵ձάµĴ󿪻ʱڡиͼŷʮľдˡ¼šĴͷڽ鼮ľТʣñͨٲĵȵ˽ѧϰ˸ߣǴ¼ŵֱճġ
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ҡҡλεԽ棬ÿ췢һдšʲôɫǲǿ쵽Զûô⡣
СŮЩ죬ҲʵûżԷʱҲһͷ첽߿忴ʸӣһ浶ӵĺúɴԶԶġĻүǶ鱾ӱʸӾʶֵۣܣ£һ
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ο۽ܲȷ֮⡣٣ϣϵˣһʱܡ϶£ˢЯáóס޲档屾ԺݣƧ磬ٴ£޲᧶԰½ɽ֢֮ʣɳ±ǰҳѿȫעˣԱᡣ٣Գ١ȫ֮ҽӪԾٹ֮Ӣһ֪γȻӦ֮ǽ֮ĺ֮ϵڵ
һ˿Լдµ֣ͻȻðѹд̫ˡæķǰƪݺݵһ仰ŮʢٳβУպгĿƫʶֵ߲һꡭ
Ÿоһ㰢QʽʤĴɤţƹʹã˰ӣӦյġôӵأûأ
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Լˣǹִ塭
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˼ûĿⶼת˹СŮ̧ͷĴƺ뿴ǵֵλزүӵġ
ʱȴһЦүӣ⻰ֵܺߣҲӲүԸɡ
ƹһЦͷӺͿˡ˵žƵķ³һ¶ʱһ˵ˡ
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СŮˣ־ھšȷƤġͶӵҲûߵʱ򣺡ֵܣľųǵ㣡Ҳˣ¶ģڴʢǻǿɱˣҲֵһң˱ЩѸʶЩ嵨ĺӣ
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ڵǰҿһĵ£һüë趯ɫתе˻˽š
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ʲô鷳ɽЩ̳ǿӻ̶ܷԼӡǮƱǲһЩˡ˵ˣԶңáǿתصǰôûתӣ
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ˣһ̲סҲЩüɫ衣Цžٱϲүһ
ҪǴʢ⣬˵زҲòϵġֵҲƵʵǵүӵĿ佱
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үӻʶˣҲԲֵȸһ
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䣬ѾһҾȥҲͷһҾء
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ǡŷӰ¼ͬӡֽŶõϺӡȰֽȡü߰˸ӶڱǣҲһ緹ļǮ
ӡ鷢УֲիˣǸ׺ƮƼ֮ġⱾǴֵһ֣¿һ
滹м顣
һӽˡС游ĸԢϷ溣̩֮˼㴫̻̩ᶽźʺãųƶܡѧʮ꣬Ȼо̩һʵǿǿͼǧδ֮֡ҹڼȵ
ܴҲдʵ
ǿ͹ڸһһ渵·Ϲһ㡣Ӣľƣ³ʿ־۹ľƣṲ͹ĺڹƣĹ͹ơʷУףص㣬۹س׷飬ص㣬ȫչֳ
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رӽµıľųǣ鷻ſڶǸˡһ͸ϽԼӡ֪һʱĹҹⱾ顣ÿ涼Ȧ㣬д˸֮˲ͬĵüᡣ
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˳ˮǸӵģ˿㹤ǮˮײȻ󿴿ɫ÷ȥ붬ˣҪҺ졣ڿŵ
ӣϺţһҪģôһʡģ
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ſֳ˼ŮӣӣеĶˮ裬ղġеŴȲ衣ǰĸӸ߸ߣСȳͦͦ۾СŮ¶Ѿ
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һ붴ͣġӺû𻰡ԼֵǴȤ
꣬ӣӿɱ㻹ҪԺиˣֵܰɣ
ãӣ㻹ۣǿǹһҪһʦŶô
ޣҲ䣿˼ҶѾװĿǿǴѧˣԺλ̷ʦүҲʲôڵġô˼ұȣ
ϵĶӶɫһϻСŮüŭôֳҪԺϴôʮĴô̤ʵҩô
ǳµĻǣһСӶ˲ӡ֪Цˡ
¶ѾСɫҲһ²԰ף۾ĽëסŮӵŤͷš
ʱȴпһҵʮﱼĿⲻɵת˹ȥ¶Ѿ̧ͷһۣһһ´Ůӵ
ʮﶼɹŽӵ̵Ǵ߿ƤӵһȺ׳ӡһüЦ߯⡣ȴԶһµһ
ԶȻʵý࣬ûгʱĺࡣϻޣ屧ȭ
־ϲֵܣôرˣ


ʮ ѹ
һȻ˳¶Ѿϡ
ǵ龪ϲӭ壬òһЩƯֹһİӾѾժûüһ
ֵܣӿǽʵˡҲԶүǻûүǶôҪˣ磿
һιǸôһģ֪ǲǶˣ磬ŵֵܿɲ߹ݵġԶֵܲæ꣬Ȼǣһ¶Ҫ졣ŵļλԶʢĻơ磬ֵдôʮӣɶҪ
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־һһǹԹԵĸߣĻҲֻпЦ⻰ôţ˵ԶодôɣƹǸϺ꣬ӡŷӰ¼ⱾѪǮƱʹġ
ó˴ʢǮƱеĹ³̣Ǹźүܱ˿Ĵʢ㣬̲նˣڿ׿ʼСȥǸҲˡ
еĽһклЩɹү̨ǡӡˢǮƱǴ۶С۶үǼƱûЩֻһ塢ʮΪλСǮƱϵǮʶֽƬʢƹƹȫѾ˿ͣЩǮƱչǵĻЩҲճʢĶ
Ҫٲģʢڿջһʮʱ浽Ƕҳ
Ÿţϴʢ¢ϵλǮƱͨȥһûҶ෢һʵӡǮƱӡ
ΪǮƱʢڶͿʼǰջҲ˴ϻѸٻЩŷȥǮƱ֣ͨڿ⣬ǰǮƱó
ȵٰԶͷչϻͨýɹ»̫ǮϢҲǼ顣
⼸£ǽһæŷӰ¼ĺ룬ԽϣæϾʱƴдġѪ
һͨæ巴ࡣԭǸʱĶǽ״̬ûӰȥҲЩýݡ
ȵǱһ䣬Ҳ֪ŷӰ¼൱졣ʱԶסˡԼĴأ
ͺүһ˵λүȻСֱ࣬·Ƕ
ЩӣǺƹġԶǮƱУʱҪϵЩӣ඼׼ʹġһĹ£ϤʢڲҲΪԶǱʲôʣʱ취ġ
ֻôһƪʵڲ֪ô˵
˵ˣֺҲǲ
һŹ۹תֱߣĴŵʱǸٻӰȴͷ˺һ˸ı
֮ǶŴһһģü۵Ŀ
γԽ׳ĸ飬ûϷ
һ·̸ЦҲȥ٣ȴֱԺȥھռ󣬹ĳӣһһ·ΧĶӡԺſڶô羢ĺȭȡһھеĻ
ʢҲͿĸںӵ˾ֱֱԺ
Ź¶ţĴɤըһڶԱ𣺡̷̷ֵܡʱ߶ҪλҸ
䣬ͼԺﵱݵ޲һơ߳һ꣬һʱǰһһѹӣ
ôǳӣΧһáŶůññһտ̵䡣ƵĿǡһΣͿǣŵһ
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һһ򣺡ȥŪչڵˣֵú롣ѣǺúӣ
һʱ㷴ӦͷһָʮʢĻƹ£Ц磬ȰЩѰɡ


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˺̲סʹһĹǷɲΪ˼˵ġ
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ðһϽͶȥмЦΪ˾ٶġ
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ǿЦٺãٺѽֵܲһԶšǴĲž߱£ǱЧϵĺá
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̷ͬȻһվ˫ĿĿһ֮ɫ
һѾͼΪҲǾԱ֮ľ١Ȼմһ֣ôһЩֻҪھ﷢ЩۣЩŷӰ¼³һܲģҲܷӰ
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ĶȴȻڼ֣үǡϵѡ
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һȻЦЦ
Լ£ֺγҪˣ飬Ѿһٵ⡣
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Сʱ򱻻Ӷ緹Ǯһʱһĭ
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һһʱǿЦ磬ҾǿСֶŮһ¡
һͷëʱͻȻ˿ڴֵܣ顣⡭¶Ҿòùܣ


ʮ 
ھֵĺԺǶѷ߰ĵط˵Ĵꤣ˵İߣ˵ĵǹ˵ϵʲôѵõǡ
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ھڣĻǽ顣ֺúү·˫ȶпʽ顣˵˾ͷڶˡʦүǶҲҪ䣺ҵģֵ߿⣬ʲôҪûУ߾ǣҵģյ˱ǣҵģ
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ŽʦĳԼһɫ
¶Ѱ찡
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ԽԽŵʱͻȻڰһ𣺡Сܶʲôãʲô⣿үկȻ䣬ҲŪģ壬ǲǡȺӣǺ͵һ


ڶʮ ִ
ƺڵϣˤȻߣȴ˵ĺ
ƹâһӳճһӰӡվڽʦ󣬹ȻǸεСѾͷ
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ŮҧԼ촽ϸüëбɣ䡣ǿ˼
壬ǲˣߣ
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˶ɫ䣬ʦһҪһʺ
һ࣬һѾ͵ס˽ʦӡһʦײײľ˳ȥûϡѾһЦ˵̬ȣ
ǸŮһںǹָһšΧһӣӻﳶߺͿƤ졣ĵǡ
һһǰסãҲѣ
˶䶼졣һͶأֻͷһŭֵܣ˵ʲôأ
һЦ̯֣Ϊ˸ЩúүŮӢۣʲôӣ
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ŮӺ޺޵Ľǹ£۾ͻȻһˮȴסĿһһۣתߡ
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ǵﻹϰߵǸüЦ߯ģ촽ĿկˡӢСǹһ˪Ȼ˵࣡
ʦתһӡ
һЦһԶҲկ¡ɱٽٿ⣬ãʲôûɹǴǽٸƶ鲻һôˣү׽Ҳǳ¶үܾȵǡ´أǼܲԭֱһΣжôһû³
ʦһЩӵֳʲôζǶˡ
Ȼ󣬿ǲǵ졣Ȼ񣬿ûŵĵطΪɶҲײˡǶүˮγġûүˡү֪ⰸжأҲǻаֵܣͺүһɡ
һЦλ²үһѪ˰ɣһ󣿡
һֱǿĽʦһִ֮£Ҳ֧ŲסһͻȻصıͷʹִƣȥԶ
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һƬŵУһҪҾȵ˶أ
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Щ˽Լֵܵˣ֪һӶ࣬Ҳһôֻ׼ԼֵܣԸȥ
̷ͬύһӣܶʲôά±䷨ΪԼֵðߡ̷ͬҪϷʱ򣬻׼
һĵүһ仰Ҳû˵ֻͻȻһ۾ģҪʱ򣬸Ͻͱһ¡
һһѹعŵ϶ѯʵɫЩͶ·档ڿ£Ȼ͸һʡеḡСôôصİȳ
һЦָҪ飬һǽǰӰٺãӽľųǣɱֳʲô磬ͷ졣¶ֶһҪģȶ룬Ǯɣկļҵ׶ɡ
ʦĬĬͷ˵վүǲȥ׼ǰֵܣڶڿׯ仰ǰĶկǵҵף͵
ȴһһֵܣһ˵


ڶʮһ 
绹ںĴţƺûаС˼
źӣһصĿһ
ʦһУԾıܵԶԶģƺҲڵʲôʱ۹Ͷ
ֵܣǵѪĸϵ
һΪȻ͵һվǶĶżҴС㡣ķزȻ׳ù֡ǳ˶õӪġ
ƫƫŮ޲ٴɫ͵ģַԱȣһʱЩ峤̾΢ЦүҪǸ鷳Ըǡ
ֵܣ۶ļʶΪܻˣָҰֶܵϵٰܰѺˣ
һĺƤҲ̲סһ£ֺǾ߽ӱ˼ԼҲȷˣСֶμֱӵ硣
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忴ֵܣ㵽״ʲô⣿ȵ˶Ŵ󵱼ҵģʲôӣ
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һһɫҲ˵ѡ
һЦǻǮ·ӣصĸᣬĸû·Ч˵ʲôգҿûС
Ŵ졣
һҲֻǵЦղҲһկѾưܣٰ˵ʵΪʲôΪԼУûһԼİء
룬ȥȡˣ顣ˣЩҪٵİɡʱٶҲˣҪĲܰԼ˳С°ٲЩˣ
Щʧǰָ·̤ʵӡǺܶ˶ܰɡ
°ͣԹԵ˼ȺСǸսʦأλżС㣿˭أ
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ŵľųǶһ죬ӹþ͹ʵˡ
죬һļ򣺡ֵܣǾ˵İɡлѵ棬ģҲûʲôֵܣ粻˵Ҳֵ֪дƽϵˡżܵģָӴ̣д˱˶кö飬̷ôֵ˴ʢĹɶ־ٶȻ֪ʲôǼȻֵܣû˵ˡõĵط
һ壬ﲻ֪Ϊʲôůġܶ໰תǵֻһ̾Ϣ磬л

ҹկһ֮徹ȻҹżĸŽʦֱȥٲǶİǰȥˡ
һҲȥǰ¶ġѵÿֻʱȥӲԼδĶ顣
ʢθ¹ʱ֣ʱ٣뻧ףڱﱣһЩ
ԶʱﵽͨϹġû뵽ٶʱ򣬺ƹȴĽܸ
Ǳֺŵ£ͷ졣˵ĴɾҪر٣Ȼŷʮ꣬䡣伮ȡ¶¹µİɡ
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һ;ЩӰֻǿԼҪȥ롣ļʶ߹ƹٱǲ˵ģҲǶʱʱĸ˼ȴ򱶲ֹ
ɴ뿪̹Ȼܺƹİš
ڶ죬ҹﴦկ֮󡣾ͻ𼱵ȥ伮ȡ顣
˼ңȻڻھ涫䣬ĺĴĩʱھ
˽Ҳ˵е뿴¶ѾСŮ˵˵ûлСֶʲôġ
Ȩϥ
ÿ˵
ھֵľȻԺֳɶԺ̷ͬסһ齵ĵطԼסĵطԺţһ䳡ӡ棬ǲСĺϿԺʦҾס²ʮҡ棬ûɼҵǵļᡣ
һ磬ģкüʮүǶ̸ӣʯǹȻ졣һڶﶼλָҲǡ
ϳЩʦ͵ͷк˻ǧ
ʱ򱱾ǵзζеʦԶԶĿһæŵӣмһ־һǧȻվƽӡȹЩָɴƯһ·ͿһҲæıȭ
ǣǾûô˼ɡһһѶߴߴȻ󱬷һЦ
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ȻǽӶ
үѾڶԺڵĺԺſʯľǣүƢɴ󣡡
ү˵ˣеֻѰŵԵģҪ̧ýȢˡһƢ󣡡
ѾĿ̷ȣ߸ñӡү
ʦǶЩֵʦʦʦүһ͵ЦźǳѾǶڣǷֵԽڡ
ЦһһΣſ⳵ŽŲ죬Ϳһο첽˽
һۿһ첽˹һץסһӡ
Ǳˣѹ̷ͬ
ײ㣬˵
λ̷ȴпհ޽ɡӵܣçײ֮ǽӣֲһͶԵء˭֪ôһȥģһץס
һЩϰߡ
Ц̷磬ǡԸҪ࣬ӹ˾ʵûնٸ̷ͬʶˡ
̷ͬͳһסĿԺߣҸͺãȥݻãôҲǶӡ
һһãĸһ£̽ʣǲ̳ͬã
̷ͬЦҪų˼ңλ
ʦһ֣峯ĩڵ֮һθߣڵʱԻɱ弾аҪɫԹоӰͬ
һе㷢ˣû뵽ԼȻ档Ҿ̷ͬĻ˵λûӣ
ţ̷ͬôʦ̷ͬʦǺͬͬꡭԭ䷨ǰ꣬Ҳ͹ˡ̷ͬ½ѲõĻ°£ǧܻرΪ˼Ĩǵʦ


ڶʮ 
Ų˵̷ͬУȴλܳסɫˡ
һһֱ߽棬¡Ͽҵĵ¶ѧʣҲġóȻ־ҲϣöеӦףȱȴѡһ˼£ǰǡ
һŷӦ˹̷ͬһģ΢΢Ҳеж
ֲúǺѰеӵܵĸ߰ȴԼٺܲΪȻȴڰæ
ȴ˵æ
ԼͶЧλƫƫͬͷ
Ų֪˵ʲôźõʱԼ޲һƣһ߸ݣòͨöȺ涼ϲ˽
ǺƹһĹ塣һ·١һʱƣƾƺ«ôүӿھͷĵزġ
ҲԼԼľãڱһ
̷ֶͬЦѵõĻԵһ磬üҵĳݡüԸһǾô˵
һԣȥԶ׷ȥϲϡһҡͷ̸̸̸̸ɣҺõĴҳһǡ
ȥλã¶Ѿء
ͷһǳòôϲȴĴ̷ͬıӰеƵһʵ¹£ȥ伮ȡôôͰ飿
幧һ񣺡Ѿˡ伮ڱȫ롣رҲ˻Ѻֻ϶Ҿ٣Ҫͬ義ӡᵣ½Ļƹţǲھͼ
ôŲһʱĹһе㲻ŵĴнӹһһȻһ顣伮֤Ͱ档
Լʱˣ
治֪ʲôζǸһʱˡβҡҡͷôиƹһ
ЦЦɫȴܹ֪ƹʲôǡʢˣһ֮һ·һĻΥԼҵūͻҪʡġ
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٣ɲǱȥ϶Ҿͳɡʡ٣ɾնҡȻĸ˾ھֱ϶ҡ»ƲЩꡣûǾ֣˸ŵĳͷӣɶͲȥ
ӻǮ٣ô鷳һʷ֪ʶȻЩ£סû֮£һ塣
Сӣһ˲š߲ģʲôֿݡ
ڰ֣λƹɡⲻƤô
λƤĻƹ˻ûšЦһƣͿһ˽۾СһЦӿ
һվźʱһǧȥ
λүһǸˣͥظԲģһ϶ңǿ·һ·ȥƺðɣҪʮڲ۾ȥ
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Ӳ֪һС̣žľʹں軹ûͣٶпͷ֪϶ǧүҪҪֵ˫Ҫǲֵ˫ټӶ١鿴һٰˣҪָʡʡݲͬٶʮŵŰټϣСֵǮҸȥձţǧŰӡүǳׯƱǸֿСҪѰһӶž
⾭һͷˮţʲôֵ˫ʲô鿴
ү֪
ԭ˹ٶҪַʡȱҪǩչյĺ룬³鵥¸³˫Ǯܵ˫ĸ㶼ܲμӳǩټӵֱӾǩˡ
ԭ˹ٶҪ鿴úͳɿһǻؼҰġǮ鿴Ҳÿˡ㳤ܽؽ㣬ҲֱǴ֮ĸ
ԭ˹ٶǩ鵽ȥĸʡ͵ȥĸʡȱȥԼҪȥĵطٵøǮ
ľҵÿڶѾ˳ֵ񿪷Դõ˼¡ÿֽײ㣬кôֲ峯°Ҷʵͣ벻ٶȴΰܻŵľƶȣȴʼͣΪôһ޴湲ͬ塭
һͣһ߸пһߺͻƹ˰Ʊ۵ĿŰǧİƱɽ˱˵һƤֽʵաٹЩӣƤֽʵգͱͬƤֽĹա
ƹƱִһλүˬ죡һӰľѡͬүӷϴ˳үһӵģӾүһ͹⣡
ȥһһҾǴĹٶˣ
֪гֱϽгʮðŸ߸ɵı߶Ǹ߸ˣ
Լǧ˰ٵңߺү˰ǧһȥˡ
겻ʱһơνȴǸ䳡ͷȡЦһĻͷԵСӡ
ͷ󺹣ﻹץһӣүѾ˴ˣүڣ¸糭һȥ˶˿ϣλʦүסү˵ˣĻĻǳùܹܣ


ڶʮ һ֮
Ѿ˴ˣһʱ۵ƹ飬Ӵһء˲ˣ˭ҴŮˣ
½ž볯ܡ춯˲߻ƹ塣һһǸеӣʵʲôˣ
һȾܣҳȥ
ں棺ӽ£زġ
һͷݺݵĵͱţһ㶣Ҳ֪ʲô飬Ĭĸ
ܳԺͿ䳡ѾһȺΧǶֻһùͷϣ󳳴µҳһšе˴ľʹ˼Сӣ첲¶档
ʦүǶͷ󺹵ȰСȻ²ȥµһһߡ
ѾõĹôµȥ֣
ЩǮģҪҪɱ˰
үӻţѾ¶ò˻ˣ
ʦߣ޵һһĹſ۵ʦҹ·ûǺͶѾһլҵġ
һ֣ЩʦүǶ͸Ĺһ岻ڣôΣѵָǴһʱͺǾݲࡣ
˹һ·
Ѿ˿ңֵʱ򡣶˿˵͵Σˣ
˵˱ӻݺݵĳӣ˵Ҫ˳츮
궫ϢżǶӾͳȥġĻСը˹ҪȥѶѾүڣôǺã
˿Ǻү˻ƴӼңôܵˣ
һʱһͷջһ˵侲һЩ
ͷ˵үһҪ˵ءҲϷԵĿʼɡ
ڰ֣ǲܲҪǸʮĸŮӣڹһ˲֪ʲôһ顣ôһСŮӣôܵˣ
ѼһǡúöҪȥүڣҵġ
˿׳ơүͬʻͬβ档һ˿ǵʵ۵İ˶ӣûԼһӴڣΪ˼ҷλˣڻȥת˵Ͽ߸һӣϮΡ
ת˿ڵòٺڡǿοιүľֻܳԱյٺ֪
ǱϾУӷӻڡǻھõģ
Щһ·ϸĸһġ
һҲ̺Сô֪ô࣬һӵĵġĵȻǶѾôˡεĵçͷçԵĶӲҪǳʲô鷳һ·ϼǻĸϹȥʻͬͷܵ
ȵ˿ǰ棬ʱ͵ɴ۾
ſڵ˨׮ϣӣѾ棡һģļһһ档·ϵһƴӣĴָһ̳İָһı̺ű̶һһ޻ơ
ѾӸߡ׮ְϰͷɢšϵ·޺۵޻˳Ѫ֪öء
Ӻ۾ŹӣһȺ׳ƵǽǡЩ׳еĻź£ǾġʮҲŰӣΧŶǡӻ졣
ִһ϶˱һˣĸϸĩүԿ࣬ţ
ֵͷŶǱߺүƴ۸㲻úӪĸǶǻҡǵİģеˣ
Ӵ𣺡ӣһ߻ȥžžĵáӲѶӼ˻ȥ
һУһĸоһԶƵķŭڶȴǱ
˹弾ԲѧΪ٣ԴؤҡΪ֡Щ˱ʼС˵
峯һǧã˲ﾭѧգѧ̶飬˾Ҳòôһں˵ĸù衣ΪάļϧѹһнĶ򣬲ϧһбǿбϥ
壬û
һס֣
бһںתͷһȺˡѵʦֶ۾Ѫ죬ؿû˸ҳС۰Ͱ͵Ŀһ
һʦһǶ˿ı綼ˡӡԵаԡǸô죿
վǰһӸ֫ѣ˭ûнųˣëУүöˡôһүͻȻˣţ
˵ž͵ްѶѶѾѾһСı۾ǻһ˿ѪԭɫȴĻ֣̿
һҲ಻ס˹ȥΧŶǵӪЩɹ˻졣Ҫչ
żɤŴһү۸ҹ
һֱֱĶһƬӴ߹ȥһҲͣ
Цſһ˶߹ϱһֱЦЩסˡһȺ˴۶С۵Ŀһ˵һֱߵ˨׮ǰ
ͨһȴǶеİ˵ϡ
ŶѾĴͷһھʣʹˡһˣ۸СŮʲô£
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һһ⿪ŶѾӣѾ̧ͷ۾һۣ塭
һû¶ˣȥȵӣһѾͳѾؿڡŮӺȻľ§Ĳӣ̫촹˵ϡСظҲļһţʱ򣬿û˼ˡ
ǰӪļһﵲšһͷҲ̧ͼݣá
ʶһеһ˵סˡۿҪ߳˶ѡŷӦ
٣ûǣС˵߾ͱ߰Сӣվţûڵģ
վű׷˼һıüëһһžһӾͳһ󱳣


ڶʮ ¹
˵һ죬һŵƤ米·ʵûбơȴʹ衣
ǰһԣͷĿ
һ֮裬սʮر
ûεı֮һʵҲǸ߰˹
һҳңǱһҲӶ䣬쬵һֳ˹βǱһӣȴǼͷĴ
һ۾һգ׼Ӳͦˡ
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һƣѾһرӲϣһһƺõһžһţƤʳɵĳѾϳأ
ײײȥһڵϡˤͷЩһȥһȴɴ۾
˵ĩ̫ʦٺ˫ֱϽˮĲû뵽ǰľˣ֣
ְָ
ſڵϣֱɤźţҸʲôĴȥ
жʱ˵һˣӪʮӶҪӿʱ֪˶Ѷ˭кһүԿ
ʮСϰĻѺҲӭ˹׷׳ƤӪĶϡ˫һţŲǰ䣬˫Ϻ¡ó졣һ߶򣡴򣡴򣡡һ߶ӦҶ֣
һ˶ѺڲɿʱּһҲƵĳٽ˶ѵʱʿýݵ¡
˳Ƥӣô̼·Ķ󷽣̷ͬ
һ⳨ڵţųд󺰣ס֣ס֣ıӣøţ
ſӴü˸̧ͷʲôëãаŶǡļףæֹ䡣ʱţסס֣
ǱӪķ¹ӣѵȻҲ˺̷ͬ󲽴߹һų¶ѾֻЦЦ˫ֽŵݸıӣҲմݣ˵ѺеСףæд⣬үӡҪǲšǴøģȥһʾ֪
´̷ͬȥԴһͳ¶ѾҲţָһǵʲôףǸͷСѾͷ͵û͵ǼҵĸΣ
߶׼һｫ¶Ѿӹס֡ĿԼӡһҲûһ§ӵС֣ŵö
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ѾͷһƺҭסһҲҿԼĸ硣
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ѵҲȫĬˣھУʲôöأȻôҽֵǧĶѺˣ
ղŻͷͦصĺӣڶԴӪĻȴź塣
أĳѵˣ
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ʱһɸߣүҪǵǮүǶ첲˴үҪӣ
һʱλıӵƢԣԽԽţƤǣ˵˵ôţĴ˾䶷֡˶⣬ҪҸ˺±ȻȻҪ˳츮Ҫٴһɣ
̷ͬĿݺݶϣЦȥ֣үӣ¶Ͱ˰ɡֵܷ롣Ⱥ¶ƣΣ
ưư죬һͻȻ˳Сӣ֣´ǸĶĶ㡭
һʱžԼеνһ¾޼ҵĻֳһӡûúܡ§΢΢ĶѾתߣС죬һүǾʹ˱
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̷ͬ˫ţһӰ΢΢ҡͷֽﳨڵŽ˹ֶԼʲôãǻƴˡ˸үˣү͵հ¾ޣ
˵һ֣缸ȲȥϹأ档ܱܺöඣ
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ղ³ֵʱȾˣȴûʲôһȻ˻ѵʦүǶƺǸ۵Сˡ
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ˣûʲô˵ġҪߵ˶ˡ̸ʲôĸ귭ƣȻĿ꣬Զò֪ʲôط
СѾͷʼսͷؿڡҲҿΧѵˡϺᱧһ˫ѣĿ¸·ܸеȵĺе͵͵ĳ
Ҳò񻰡
Ȩλˣһжҵһжҵ׺ȻȻʱ۵㡣СѾͷʵڲʲôˡƺ
죬ȴ̷ͬӺ˹һ΢΢ͷʾ⣬ͲκС
ôçײŻѵȥ˶˿ϡ¾͸ϽȥţôǵģλıӣгĶ١Щ˵ˣѵ¶Ҳҵ¶ӣҲһˡôһмϾдţһƥҡǵô˿ذ
Ŀ⾼ĵһжµıʾȴһŶһŹ֡
̷ͬüëһ壺ôˣ
СѾͷ֪ΪʲôһȣԼҪλˣ̷ͬʣһЦ룬Ѿ飬֪ôүӽءСѾͷһƬТģ»ֲ˺ö¶ôֵģ
̷ͬӢɫʱһ촽ƨһӡ˿ȥһĵЦȻ֪λүΪʲôԸԼҪ˭ͶҲλã
ĩλǮǫסĩλǲԪ㵳ıһһȴҲûС
½ӣھƻ˵ʱ꣬һӵѣѶ̣ȴЧǹѣ
˵ˣСϸȶƺҲôȵ
ŶŶŶСѾͷ㻹䣡


ڶʮ շ
۵һһ̨ˤڵϣˡ
һ¯Ȼʲôġڵˤһž
СС棬̳ҡҵŰ֧үӡ
үӣȻǶѾͶӵĸˡñʦ֡ȴ˲٣СʮˡһڱìӲ˷μ⣬ӴɢѾԵúЩϣÿҹҹĿԡ
ССӣȻª庮ҲѾһ˫֣ʰĸɸɾүôһڣʱ߰㡣
źү߶һԼһֿڵһ
ѾվһߣͷСֳĺҲҿԼ
ˣˣ˰װ׵˼ҡһĹŮǶأԼĶãŵ룬ƾԷѰʮ㶪ɾǺˣʲôʱ䵽͵˵Ķ
үӻû˵꣬һҵĿԡݹ᾵ļ򶶶šǵͨ죬˳ָŶѾʹ˵
æĸˮһߺݺݵĵŶѾڵǰ
һһУ΢΢̾һԶѾȥ£
˵СŮѾȦߵǰͨһҲҪӹǶҹҹԣµ̵ѪβͶûǮץŮ͡
үӿŶѾΡΡľ˰ơһ£һƴϡžһ︡ĳһ
ҿ˺ãӶ˿Ĳʹһ֣ɸɾԺЩۡ˭ǻѱң壬ѣǳ˶ӣôү˺ãüӰƤˣûǣ
һ־ôۿŶѾָӡԭһֱ۾תᣬʱ
ҳ»ûŮûѾͷү˻ߵĴһžͶǶȴȲһҵšѾһȥų»ȴƿѾͷָҲҪܻŷ磡
һһվһĵڵ϶Ѿļ򣺡үӣĶӰҩǮĹˣŷŮȴΪӹǶϧˡԼ룬ˣٰѶѾͻ
һѾ߰ɣȵǶ
ӿų»ѾһŮӡ
»ڿͷϱ۾ŮǮĻǳ¼û˶ĹŮߣĺҲţ
Ѿֱµȴֲҷ޳Ťţʹί˼СѾͷ棬һŸβû뵽ȴôһ裬ôһ³
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һ˫һ޵ŮӾҵһĳ˳ȥ
ӿ˳ıӰֿ»治ţһֱŶѾҪ˵𣿡
үĿԼǺһѪǣѾˣôߡżұͲҡǾͼһף̧ýȢŶͳɡôմǣǶѾһŵԵ˭ҪĶֳô飬ΪˣǮүĺöүֵܣֻˡΪǣ
ǶѾίô죿
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һȻЩСС˼ֻǽ޵ûĶѾŻԸĿԺ
ӵʦֶţҲû˸˵һƽ¶ҪǸ书ǿĹȰıסȻֽʲôõš岻ڵʱ򣬻ѾҪӣ
ԶѾǸ˼˭ҲסѾ¶ǱżˡλүбµҲһùޡ
ֻûýûƸģһҡڵĽѾԸ档ѶҲûŰ
СѾͷڱ˽û˸վ˵үɡ
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ٻӳִǧǸСӣôҲ֣
һӹ˾Ҳȥ롣Ը¹£㿴ܲ򼸸Ѿ߹һˣչŮӵ¶ʵ
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Ӱңһڻѹû۾һɣûǮ
廹ǹ΢Цеʱ򣬺ƹĶˣʲô룬ҪġҪǲ֣Ǵʢ֧Ӧ
һ°ͣ۾תתãھסֵô֡
ƹΪʲôôǮ벻סʶҲͱܿ
Ӧǣ²ִӻȡţǺƹϵģšСȥ¶ˡ˵кʢĻƣתͳš
һſıӰ۾񣬴ʢˡ֯мԵúܣŲŲټҲĹ¡
ˮġ

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֣ǮƱһ߳ɡͨУʵֻ١ǮϢʮ֮Ѵϡֱ֧֮ȡҲ˵ȴ䡣յзԡ˵κΣ
ƽݡ
Ǻƹдģ׾ͣʴվˣˡǮƱ֮棬һСһǮҡԴʢʵΪСǮƱͨһأһķе⡣֮ͨ£ô׬Ǯųˡ
⺫үӣȴŵϱɷнµĵ͢Ρ
һ˸õĵô§ǮƱͨпǮϢЦüˡʢ⣬һʱĶûŷֲһг
ԼɷݣǮϢ룬ɾͶСںɰүӴʲô⡭ߺߣưɡ


ڶʮ ʩ
ûüô⣬͵͵ĳѾֹͣȴӷڵ
һȥŽšͿѾڿϣڿ淭ڶ
СѾͷϻᣬ۾ɵĶˮȦ죬Сʱҭһһ
̧ͷͰ͵Ŀ壬мô
ӣһһ³ȥסڵС֣ҪʲôѾͷɱ벻
ѾͻȻСҲһ죺ҶôĳҵҲҪˡ壬ҡҲ֪ҡϸġҡҸҰѱӽˣͷ͸ˣ᲻ҪҰɣ
СÿŴ᲻졭
СŮ崿޵еӺϸϸһʱȴĶ
Ѫްûء
Ѿҧ촽һִ˿ǻǡһý壿
һһЦ£ŴŮ΢΢㣺Ҫ㣬ġϱ˲ӣеʱǵýС
˵ʱСѾͷĳţ㣺壬Ҫ
δδһˮڿ
Ѿһ죬ͷ¶˾ӺϸϸŮëӴֽս
һһʮǰŮӣһޡ
㲻֮Σ
Ӻ¶ı޺ۣһһ£𣿡
شǵ͵üۡ
ϵĸое䡣ϸۻһϺõ˵Ҳµȥֶ
˳ŶѾһ޺ȥôأ
һ£Ҳ֪ǶŮӲķһֵ崿һ¶СŮнгʱõСеһʳָ󶯡ǻûѾ簴ؿͨ˵˿ǡ
ˮ۾Ͱ͵Ŀһ塭磬ɡ֣䲻
ǵԻһָƲһ롣Цð죬ͽʩɡʩˮӣòʩ㲻ˡٿ˿ڣ
¶ѾʩʱûעһԲԲ۾ֻǺµĿһħצ״ͷҡø˹һҲȥ
һٺЦž˹ȥʱӵĹ˾粻֪ȥˡ
ۿҪţСŮҲЩưͣҪҲʵڲôƾܡͻȻһƣһɤ𣺡ֵܣһˣ¶ˣ浽ʲô㡭Ѿ
壡
ۿСŮһС״˶һһڿվ屧ȭ񣺡磬¶ҽ͡
嶥ðѩȥ¶ȴϷҸŮƤҲ⻰ô˵ţ
ɫ԰ףЩΣֵסҪ˵Ļֵܣ·ϣҾ֪ˡ˵ˡҳȥһ죬¶治١ѾǾӵˣһѵţҾˡĲҲʧ졭ֻǣֵܣϲѾ䲻㰡
㻹ûԼǸʱּĳСŮʲôүءһʱҲֻпЦĬϡԼԼҽͣҲɣֵҲûһʰˡѾڿ죬СҲáֵܣɲܿ˼ң
ҲˣĻֻʹȥһվֱӣĵ
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ֵܶվԺӵУһɢһ߶̸彫կٵΣһôӦԴ顣˵Сʱûȥԡ
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ʲôһε̨үҳԷԼЩ黹Ҫءһӳһȥ
ųڣҲƵּ
ʿʿµ˰Ѧ֮ĻеС
ղŶ̫ͣһӴһԼԺתסµӣôѣǲʲôζˣ


ʮһ ̫Ϲ
ĩʱһŻھ⳵ҡڵ˶Ӻͬڴͬڴи߸ߵľդɫѾդơյΧһƬƺġ⳵ŲںͬͣӰʹ˺ȵ
վסصأʲôû۾˸Ӳ
⳵ͣϳǻھǸͷԵСӡһЦͷ⳵еүضˣүǽ
ִźµĲѲǱӺڰ˳һĶţһߴɰͰ͵⳵ѵСƳЦүסͬĺүĿˡģۿľųǶ漮񣡡
ǺɵĿһСģĴһ䣺һֶôѡеģˣ
ʱһߴ㶵ĴԱ߾߳⳵һͷҲֹԯϳ˳һܼģˡʿǸϽߺȻСӣãã
⳵ԱÿȻԯϹܼһһѶͣ
ݵСһЦлүͣ±һصȥ𵽴ҹĵʮͭӶСٻһ䣺ϸŵƾүֵǶֿܶںݶ
Ǳ߻δ䣬һѾͷ⳵˳з۾лӰֽųĴ۶ֿԶȥĸߴһֱЦСӵļ򡣽ݸ
СЦˣүƭ³ӡ˫Ŵүʵӣ׼ˣ
СһȥȥĿһȴڴͬŵ۹һ⽻
ţ
һںӰСҲҹɫԭԵ÷ưܡһ΢΢ҡͷշլӾȻͬ棬·ɣ
ûףСѾԴðʺŵķСǵָʾլͣһɷСֻôôһھеļһ
СĽ⳵ͽդ档ͷ͵аҲˡ
ͬмһլԺſڣȻǵƻԻ͡⳵ת˸С䡣Ѿſڳ׷ף
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⳵߽һȻȫʽ֮ԣʮӵʦҡͷԵС٣һӦȫвҵĴٰࡣ
һйܼңӡ˵Ź־ͶŹվſڹӭ³ĶᶥԻ͵ȻһҲܼ֡еȫڡ
СӽĻģһ߸ϳһ֣үƣ󾵺١
ɤŶһ¾ӭˡǹܼһһ⳵õõĳƶɫʱһ䡣
һĻͣסԹԵ³кһɵСӣ̤ʵ󾵰ɣ
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վſڵ˶⳵۳һҲȻһ
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ſڵĿ˶̲סĥСʲôţ
˴ĹҲҵȻӭǰ˼һϹ񣺡λ
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ıҹ硣˲˼ĸʿͰ͵ΪʲôĿġ»һصù
꣬ھʹһСܲſַŻžͳһȺеӺݵˡһʱĹٳװñ춥Ӳӵġŵſڣп˲ϵĺк
֣ոָ֪ͣնţ
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ˣӦþĪһӣֳڱ󳼣ֱܶһ⽮µĻϯҡ
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һ߶ͷӦ˵ʺһ߶ɨӡͰposeվһĿһԡһ΢ЦʿѾ첽ӭ
Īλǰ¶䣬ŷӰ¼һ
һѧ˲ӼʽŬԼĿ⿴ȥƮݣ֣һֵǫ顭
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ѾǼüһãϯ˺׹СĶǾȣǰŵǵ档Űɫ̹ӵǴȥе˻СĵĶűͰŵĺݾơ˭ıӿˣڵĹȥ
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յߵˣһǫѷ״΢Цͷ˷׷ʿʾ⣬ƱڱǢʱһߡϯ˴
˲ĿͿһվǶû˾Ʊƻ֮¡ҲǿƵǷ
ϯкмſʱҲĿ˶롣



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յ¾žƱ΢һʾ⣬ʽһȻ΢΢մһڡҷ׷׵Ҳһ
źյʾ⣬Ҷ
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ʹѾԱĳЩطǵģءܶطﲢһ˲šŵطǣʹ˿µ˺ѵǵľӣŵطĺôĴڣʱĲǹһѧͽܳΪֵĹʼʦֻиеʹ
֪۹ΪĿһȻءΪһѾΪ۹͵ˡ֪ҿЩҡײƭ֮ͽҺ͵۹ıʱ䣡
һˣһʮˡдһӸֹ鼮涼ժ¼ϴճɵҴû˵λ罻ڳ޵Ҳ̫˰ɡλ˶ٹң˶ΰжʶֶԵ۹еߣʲôмصĽ飿۹½Ľ蹤ȲУ۹ҵĹϵ𽥺ת̣ʲôԼĽ飿Ϊһˣһǫﾲ
˵Ŀⶼһϡ
һѩѣȻЦġ飬ɾͳ
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Ҵ崹꣬ʱǧδ֮֮֡ͬҡΪ֮һ䡣طּȨǡ֣ȥӡӪӣԲ١ȥӡ˰ۼ֣Ȩȥӣ
ҳʥʥ棬֮ɣѧۺܷ֮ŷ³ʿոȨ³ʿɵ۹ҵˣ漮ͳ֮Ȩϣƽǿٷҵ޲֮֮Ϣ֮ס
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Իģأѧ۶֮кزߣ˸ծҳȻ޺صѺ֮¡Ȼմ˾캣أ׾塣ÿٷ֮˰亦̰㺦ߣӢֲٷ֮֮˰ҳҶƣ˿񣬴󶹿ʯѧϸ̩˰һ壬ĳߣ˰Ȩ֣һĶҲгƼӻҹߣѧ³ţ
һǶ٩٩̸ٸȨкöǰˣԽԽסյоƱ߬ˮˡ
Ҳʼݴˡٳûв͸ǽүӺټû֪
Сӵʲô㣿
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־ƽǿŷ˹۹ԶнϷǲѷ෽ǣƣʮ½鲼磬ųղߡʵ²𴦴
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йǶʱһ룬ʽյɫԽԽѿһңʲôˣ
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ʿͺյ¶һۣ΢΢ҡͷ
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һЦһһֱȭֵܾƹˣǸǡմˣˣл١ˣԢлھ֣صɨԴ
䣬Ȼﳤȥ


ʮ 
ҹģ̷ͬԼԺ滺ɢŲ
һѳӭӳͷɫĴ
Ϊʥ̾ѧΪ̫ƽЦԼһ̰ɫԲԵļһﶼ硣
˼ǧ֮棬Ȼ岻
Ҿ֣˥΢˻磬޷ǻʸʧͳԼ֪һ˹ʣһӭжô
ڱʥľ棬βɽģ
뵽մ̷ͬХһν裡
赽һ˹ƽкãýǶ⡣̷ϸ統˫ȫ
̷ͬսֱתһʱͲһǸ̰ɫԲԵļһ
һ°׳ۣе鳤Ӳӡ߶µƽкá
̷ͬ߹ʵҹ˴ˣкμ̣
һ΢Цǲҵģз£̷תáֵһѪɶˡ
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ϸƬ
Ŀһһȴ΢ЦѫӵΪͳȱһʦһܲıͳ֮Ӫβе䱸ѡѪμڴƬСֵܵңȫͳ
̷ͬеɣٵһƬӾСе˾ͼʲôΪʲôӦǣ
һЦ̷磬Ƭһϡһ粨ֵܲŻˣʲôɲ̷ӵܡܲú˼һڶҲˣֵܵıЧ֮ģɱաĻҲͲö˵ˡ
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һһʱЦǣ̷ֵҪֵǸм
ʱһ˵̷ͬ㷴Ҳûˡӵܿ䱦澣ǿת˵ڴڶԣһСڡΪһ£᲻µĸַŲɫ˼ǰ󣬲žͶ
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һԼԺſڣ̷ͬҴԶȥĬ֡ҹûĳ
һĿģƺѰ˼ʲôͷҲصʵҵλ̨֪֪齺δ
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һڰִ֣ӻȡһţ鵽ˣͽŽ
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ҹһȴ˿ûȶʷԾƵԺⲽʩСѾͷͷ㣬ԼʱιȥˡﻹץҩƿӣƺڵҩƵǸһ
ڶž飬֪Ķء
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һҡͷûźñ˯ġҪҲװźüˣϸϸʲôţ찤һ¶һٵġİɣһȣǲͼ㡣ͼȴկٰӣҾһҪ󣬱ʩˣԴѼӿһ
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ЩСӵĹĶ֮˲١һǶ΢Цȴûע⵽ڸǽӰ棬ʦѾǹںڰУĵȭ


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һݵ꣬һƺҲסվ첽ȥɫƣצӣñ߶һͳñϸıϽŻӡ߶Ժһһڡ
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꣬Ǻų۹򷽵ͳߣڹۡ
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ʮʮʮһա
ֻ̩ϡѡ¾ۡͬʷϡαˮ½ʦѭƣƬʷǧϡѡ׿˲Ƭղ¸ϡ֧ۡ
ƪۼƬ޲һŷӰ¼֡¾ֱϽܸٱˮʦغڡǿָ½ˮʦԱ㡣ѭƣ磬̳Կá㵱á
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ʮʮյۡ滹вô۵һ֪һʶɿá֪ⲹ͵ԱΣѵ֮á
忪ûӡž֪ûšʡʡһǮ֪ȱûʲôʹûھʦƷԱԱͶƷҲȻ顣ĵԱûлܾһءּԱǱһҫ棡
һ͵ѵۿžҪõˡƣ̨൱ںĵרԱ̤һͲˡ̨͹һʡµķ̨˾̨һʡѧĽ̵ѧ̨Ҳ˾塣̤߲㿪ʼĵһ
˶ע⵽λҫ۶Ŀ̳ǣϯݺյ£龪ĵ¶ɽ֡
Ϻ˱ݣ¼Ϊ϶۹һδ֡
Ӣ˵ıݱۣǺܼ򵥡ǿ̬һ仰š
ԴˣǳֽĹ̬ȡ
̫ͻ̬Ȳô״⣬λöл͡
֪ôģھſһӾͱͥˡ
ÿճ׷ףĶ飬пڵӶסˡֳ档һ˳·ɤӭһеͷ󺹡
վſڡ

ߺá
ӴҵȷʵڡȥɽŶȥˡ
λ˸ϵģŶ˷ʵģ˭ԷǶʵģ
ЩǿҲһȦۿɫһ븮ŷԸš
һϣһһһ֣ġе˳滹һİ
˰ѺŲ˳Ť˵ȫݻµĺͷĻЦãھ̨֣ˣ
ԴæҴ£̷˵ˣǱʥ커ݵĺ¶˵죬Сӡ
ĻԴǻѶҲûôЩӴ̷ҲæýŲضġãԼŶѾȥˣ
ͷʩʩ죡СӳǶմգүʲôʱʩѽãɵ̨үСˡүӵĲʲôֻʩȥǰ̧أһСνŶɲԶģˣӼңô
һƣ໰
ĻһԴ˳ȥźӡת룺ǵøֵ޳ɼҵ¶ˡ檾͵檣ӼһܼƽϣѾͷܵóŶֵҲίǡȻûýûƸһġ
棬ֱƿĥ̷ֵܣ
̷ͬλѹɫãæýŲػֺǺǵġ֮䣬ɫֶɡſڣʣ磬أ
峯ָָ᷽ͶѾǣȥ̶ϵȥˡ¶
̷ͬһЦΣǶæҵøʲôƵģġΪߣǳܼһҲ˯
忴̷ͬķӣͷ̷ֵܣǵæʲôأھӣҲˡ
̷ͬһЦ磬࣡Ȩһʥϣѹұ主ǿ˵¶Ǻûǲã


ʮ 
һӣ˼̶µмȥ
һٶϱǣ֮ǰֵʱ򡣸ᶼѾһֱҪֵԪϵƲ
ֹգǸʱѾԽԽˡ
ĸٲȻѾһЩĻˡƹ۱ǰߴ¯һֱĵطȥ
̶£Ķ㳤ͷŮϲʩǮĺпŻɫǮ䣬æͷ󺹡۱ſڼŵȫǴСϱȥϵͭ
Щ˶Ѷ漷ȥһһӵѪĶ
糱ԼǲˡԭӦ÷ĺ¼ڱģֻ¸ضĻһҪּ˰ɡ
ܸͶȨõ¶˳·ߣԼδزܸٻϧٻҪġ
Լһ߶ףһ߶Ҫס
ʲôʱǽ׵ĺʱ
֪ѾƫԵһС¶űϣɽ˺
һ֪˭һ£ŴԼ˼ѹͷһֻںԴѾͷأ
Ѿͷɢġû뵽ɢûˡ
ָָ˶ѣǶϵأ
һһƣɲǡȺоͿʩ߸ߵĸӣΧ߳ͷȥ۹Ѿͷжߣһ߰ˣһ߾ţѹ˸ɣ
ҪǷڹȥԼ·ϿôһСǼֱ·˲ĿƫƫߵĶ˶ƵĿ
һǲɵģҸŮ˱ߣٻô
ŽŴȺͷƣͿŶһ׺ϵ꣬۾ΧһͭǮӡ˲ϵĳǮе˼ֱó˳̵
ЩͭǮϣϵϱ䶼䡣һżľˡӡӶûСʩץһͭǮͶž֡˸߲ҵҵù񫡣СѾͷЦ绨һýõӡ
ǳһֻܾŮ
ȵǵǮ꣬Ѿͷ˳һǶЦЦĿǡʩߴĵͷ
СѾͷ˵ҲûǮ˵۾ġСèƵΧһתתͲҡβˡ
һ۾֪Ϊʲôһ䣺Ҫ˳¹ġ¶ӵǲǸö
һ⻰ЦãԼеϲƵĸоˡһ֣ʩͶžһͬʣÿÿ¶ʮӵ
Ϊʲôͬž飬˳Ÿоߡ
һһʮÿ˶ʮʩǵʱСѾͷͲȸԾˡŵɫ֪ʱ檵ģÿǳûŶô󷽣үͷݶ
ڶž飬һҲˡžǿŮߵӣһһ
ԭǴ˵е֮
һǶʩΪأӾôղԼ˼ʮӶȥ
硭ү´βˡ
ʲôСү֣ͷֵˣϣ
ž̹ȻվڳʩԱߣղſûҪϵʩӲͭӶһǻЦӣе㺦ҲͷŤ˹ȥ
һҲԼӣͳѾͷһҪѵȳô죿
١ٲˡ
һ׹Цʩֳȥʱҵʱ˵ĸо
ԼǸһС죬ɫŮѡ͵װӰɡĵǽ
һĳʩߣžһں棬
ֵĿ⵱УһҡڵĻγ̶¡ùܱ˵۹ءһţȴǸӿ˳
ֵ϶Ѿ˵ƣյҹһƬ֦ͨϣһյյĴ˷һǷҡֱգžըǹ⡣
ߵŮӣСѾͷ۾ͬǹһġ
ҹŻǧ䣬ꡣ
ʱԼŸոտʼ
ƻ¡ͼһ˰վſڵһ۲Ȼ£ҹεУ绨ƣѵ治۵ô
ţȻһ²ɵ޲ûñůñָӺݵȣµϯʿ⣬˭


ʮ ˼
ڱ䷱ֵʱǬ幬һƽСƻͨ硣
ڵسΣΧһӲŪĲһ㡣е˻ԣתǲȿ˵
⴦۵ӣ峯ӺΪս¶ľľصء
ˣǾ󳼡ʱĿ֮Ϊ
ͬҲУȴκ˶Ҫׯء۹۱ǣǹĵĲбһۡ
е־࣬¾ңϮ졣ڹϳ֮͹XͬΪȥXʺǲ۲۵೼һ
˵̾Ķѻɽһۣƣ籨Ŷǿ죬¶˭ֱһڶܶ鸴ˣ¸߷ڣֱͬ¾һ˵һݵһףĩ˻ΪǸ¾֮ǿˡ˵¾ʲô̰Ĵ¶ʲôǿ֮һ仰Ҷ޳ɡǵ˼أ
һλʸľĶպͲϵöֱˡһ䣺Ϸү˼أ
һ˵⻰˶˾ɨһۣϷү˼Ѿ»ˣ¾ǹĴ¶ǰҲֱֱɨһͬعļİ仰ȥˡ
Ҳ˵Ŀɽġ֧˶˼Ϸүһ仰ǣ˶ٱŵ˻һҹ亹
ںȨˣŸضԼܲǸ顣Ѿû䣬ļԶԶµ֡ȻµҳϣܲǸ鰡һϷүǸһ˰˵ĺ¶
ϧЩͲΪˡ
һ֮նʱˣһȭʥ
ӣǵ¶ûô򵥣Ҫأأ̣βЩʷ֣˭֪ѧ˵˵ƣôϷүػ˺ô죿ô
ͬۺӣү¶ѧпǡܵأҪϷүͻն²̸ǻּõѧΪãѵõ˲ţ̩ͨһƬӣдǾСءҪ˽ֱӣҿԾǶ֮ȽһȻԣˡһӪͿԶһ棬һѧҲǼھӦѡѫӵܣѧѧϰ½̵ķӡ˲ŲſԴԴ϶ĹӦôѧôʶүΣ
Ķ룺ԸôȥҪñǧԣԴ룬ûµֶѣ
ͬعĶһۣת۾׹󣬳ƽѾá˰ʳŵҳһ˶סǷëˡ
ҧҧݣһֱµֻ֣
۵һĲˤ˵ϡ
ǳŵŵˡһݣ
һڵĸʿһƣָԼϡ
ʿ΢ãʿ֪Ҫ¶ŲãҵһûŵСƹݡŪһζһ̶ǾơͰڳһϥ̸ĵļʽ
ڵſڣ涯ʩͶžԱź
Сƹ棬ˣˡ
һƣʩϽ˹СĸǵϡС鲽˵һ߶
žĬһԣСĵĸһߡĿ硣ÿһҳСĵĵɾˡ
ʿĿ΢΢еֵĿһ۸߸ߵĳʩ︹һһۡ
ֿϴӵľȣܹ˵üͷչЦҸó˲ǣ־µ飬Ѿּáٹգֵܻǰվ񣿡
һаЦƵľƱһ
һ˭ߣĶȥ
һơǳһˣ˵Ǹǳɣ
ʿЦСװɵװˮƽˣЩʴʶҲ֪ѧġæסһ֣֣֡ƲֵΪǷġ
һͣס˾ƱЦĿʿʿȴĿһһԵСѾͷ
һЦû¶ҷźˡʲôܽް
ʿ̾һΪһ۽ľƣѾ֮¡ֱ¾ֱָ֮£¾زñ󣬶ñؽõֱòϧȨλȻľӪһ㱱عʵȻ֮дһգֻ֣ƷɻڴΪʲôҪң˵µֻҪͿữأ
Ŀ⾼ʿҲ³ΪȻϽվƣԣ£ƮҡҲ裬Խң
˵²ں¶һ̴ֱܶͨ󳼡ľӪĽӣӣɽٰҵǲʦġƴ١Ŀ


ʮ 
ʱ˾һֻǵָ֡ðƺһ֡ΪôһԱ֮
ʿǾеŹֵСӣ˵̰ɫɡƫƫʵѧ˵ɣûʲôˣڻǴԴ˵д־ɣƫƫⰵӿʱ򣬲ţ硣СѾͷᣡ˵ǻԵɣƽúܵˣôƫƫڻЦ߯ģ˵ȹ֮سĿ񻰣
ʿƽʶ갷Ȼûһġ
ʿ΢Цһ£ƱԣѧҲš֪£ۼض鸴ѵѳɱȻ֮¡֮λǽŵİǵ̨ΰίԱΪ˳÷㣬һ̨ʵȱҲ۲顭ؾ棬ôԼǰأ
һЦľãֵӣЩƴӹе³ԵÿеССȨλȨλҪƴӺߡ˭ֻ֪£Ǿ󡭡ΪֵԼǣҲϣֱλϣӦһġ
ȷʵʽ˹е̡һǵŹӲŵķݶ
ʿ΢΢ͷȴҲȻ뵽ôԶȥһʸȱӦЦüˡҪͰ͵ĸͬʲô
ѵСӣԶԶǰ㸻
һͷһӹʿԺתʧЦԼлơ
һѵ࣬ΪسôѵǴҷԴ⣿ΣܽǰѾ˶ֵľ
ʿ˼룬ûзӡ¾ö󣬻ˮʦ֡̾֡Ӫôľ档ǲ˳ˡǵĺȨأҲۺ챱ÿһĹӡ𺺳ѹͷϣǿû˳ͷĻᡭСӲԵìܻڣ棡
һֻ΢Цſʿϵɫá
СѾͷһԣԲ۾˵ĸ̸ۡ
һۣ˴㲻ҪЦ㣬һͶһ˿ݡȻүдѧʵ˰
ʿֻпЦѧѾѰ˼ˣкμ̣˵ɡ
һ΢΢ЦҽֻҪ
ʿЦҲϴҪүһûһѧҲܸ
ԼһһڹֵЦǿɶװ
һʱָһЦ˵ˣҪ
ñΪԼɫ̰ʲôãץԼȱɡ
оЦô˵ţ
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һõ飬ǽֵܷʡҪӦһֵмķӣҪЩˣЩҪô֧֡
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һЦûĻ磺ڶǣȺӶͳǶһλ˶뱻ѺҪð˸ҾȻ͵ֵ
һžһվ۾һ촽˵۾ʱһˮ
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һָͻȻҡͷЦˣֵҲ֪ܲ㡣֣͵źϢɣ
䣬վʿһתͳߡСѾͷҲվĸں档ʿøʲôƵģСӻʲôû˵أ
һ粻ԼĻᣬЦԶˡ
һգϡͷӿӿԶԶûеɢʱء

ʮʮ¶ʮۡٴض¡ضڿһɵʥͬ
ԭԵ⣬ʱվӣɲǺġ
¶ף¶Ǹһ̩һֽġû¼ʶ׶ôô쳯͢ó취ѵǣϷүͻϣ뵽һ
󳼣˺Աʼδλá񸮵ıʽǸæøʲôƵġӪЧһ£ʲôίԱ־ڽλõУһεĳ԰ꡣ̫󵽵ʲô֮⡣ûһһ˭֪Ҫλ֡ڣ컵˶⡪ˣǿɾ˫ˣ
ҶڵƣʲôʱλһʱѵˣǿҪ£ˣ
£¶Ϊλ󳼣ֱܶλãҪŲŲѴǰسֱµ
Ϣһ͹ֵıӪּӴ֡
һУӦƽƽȹĹʮĩֵһࡣ


ʮ 
̷ͬסԺڣһ綹żģͷûдñӣе˻ģᡣһǺʿ
տҵúܣе˵̷ͬĳе˷־ҡͷԵĶ̷ͬʫ塣ϱǽ壬Ҳûʰ
̷ͬ۾úģһʲôӡʱͣ±Щ˵䡣
֣һֵ۶ƱɫұֻܱǸˣ
֣ڶӣ˵ҪʥˣȻáֻҪͶЧǿġȻ¼Ͷʴ֣׹֮ȥɣ
Կһչбұ󣡡
֪Ļ»ûȱܲͶЧ
˿׷ףһӡٳڣ˹ȡʿѾнûơź֮Ժĵ۹Сս²ϡ˶ѡͶЧǰľǺúöһڶУ״ԪֵĳɫҫѾеǸʲôˡ֮󣬲ȱѡǵ꼸ɽ塣ɱҵǸֵĽĶ
̷ֵͬһЦ˱ʣûӰ¶أ˴λǳηƼۿرɫʥˢ£ұ־֮ʿܲЧڹҵұӣɲ롣
ĻҪ˵ſڴһ̷̷ڣ
̷ͬһ
һ¾ըӪˣȿֺĳ⼷ȥ뿴һ¶䣬ƬۺյµˡȻ˵Ǿ˼д飬Ǹ˹ɵó
̷ͬҲϽӭ˳ȥ
ͼԺŵһЦվ󡣿̷ͬȭһ񣺡˵̷©ҹغ򣬲֪кҪ£
̷ͬһԽЩһӭǰһ񣺡˵
һһЩ΢Цȭһ֣Žӡ
Щǵۣ˼Ƿȣ
ۼýӣһһ£̷ͬЦΪܣҼλ־ͬϵѡ񣬽ƹݡĽѾˡ
һüЩֻ¶Űı׼΢ЦһЩҲϽϻ̳ϿֵĻ
̷ͬԸĺҲ׼꿪ԵĹʿӡѱ£Լİտɾ͸һЩ
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һϯмɴ۾Ѫڣ׷ױȭ񣺡ѧȽǰҲΪͶЧĻд¼
һ۾۾ɵûҪû뵽ԼҲСǰͷݵһ죡
ϧֻǼѰӣʲôԼҪ£Щء
վæãá
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һסĻ΢һ̾Ϣ䣬Ѿǹɫ
̷ͬһôˣ
һЩţ˵Ƕ˰ɡڲƫƫǼмʶҪ¼ǣɾͶеˡ
һЦ̷̷ְ֣Ϊֵߵ·ô
һֶɫ˵ɪ
ֵЩӱܲͣҲǿˡƣ㻹ôȨʥϣǶ˵һǻѪϡȨͿ˸µĻ桭ֵܹҲΪȨʥôǱߵЩУ˭Ϊ˹ǵģֵ˵ĵĻ̷ʦãҲΪ˶ԸöһЩ
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ʱ֣嵴ʶҳ̷ͬ૵šƿһ֣۱Լ
һĿ̷ͬһЦ֣ȻǿʼеᡣѣҲҵֵˡֵĲǼʶǼġٵ̷ͬȴٲӣϰɡұǼȣҲоӵʸ⹫飬̫ѧǶ˵ı֡õŹģԺȥ


ʮ һ
̷߳ͬӣһͷֳҾȻ̷ͬȻһʱ˵ݵûһ뿪ġȻվ̷ͬԱߡ
һ㣬ò˵һϡ
ĵƺһڹǵ󣬻Ȼ̾һת뿪
ǵĵ·Ѿʷעʧܡ磬ɡȻԼѡ·ûкˡ
ת۸ѹĵףĽŲٳɣЦһʹ˳ȥ죬ǹʽӡһڶҪء
ȴЦһƬ֪˭һɤӣΪʥ̾ѧΪ̫ƽ
ŵĽһһ·˻ȥĵҹͻȻһ䣺Ǵһ֧ǿ
֮ͻȻһʱһ֪ǴĶðġ
ͷ壬ЦЦ¿ûͣǽԺúСѾͷӭ˳ž۾ģҲ֪ǻϲĻѹġѾͷһ۾ˡ
һ첽ԼȥͻȻʲôƵĻͷ¹£ҿɴûϸ˵ְ֡һҪء⻰ˣ
Ժ壬ԼСһݽǶʰøɸɾԼϴóˢˢֵĵڿͷ
ĵСˣƺˮšүˣ׼ҹġ
ʩЦŽҧ촽ĶžһƣӹһϵĿ촽ȥһֶ˳һڵĹѬ
СŮֽŵֲžҰ˵ġϸ¡ϻִۡ˵ܸоԴӸŮ֮󣬿ɾ͹ûǸ
ԼǸʱĽòСŮǻ˵ã
žͷšŽţҪڸɸɾשϲƵġ쵽˲ӸĽëһţ֪˵ʲôš
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о췢ģϴˣ
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ž͵͵Ĵһһۣ˵
ʩЦҪүˣżҽ㻹֪Ҫôлء
ŶžǿòСŮм˼ƺ޲ͳӳӡһҲ΢΢еůġ
׿Щӵĳغͽʾ֭Цʣôлţ
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ѣү㲻ȥٵ˵ׯڣЩүҲӣôһλү
ɲǣ͹ǴһöġһԶ˫̥ûŰŻһӡñүأ˲ˣ
˵ҪȥرǧܵģүҲǲίȥͷѣүڱèأ
ȻҲ˽ڡ
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Ȼ󣬿ǻǱơҡƷñӵӣļٱӿɲҶñˣǴһͷףΪµ滹ճšðţζܡ
ΪҲð峯Ʒˡ
һ䷢ģһ߲סЩ
Ҳ֪ж󹦷򣬽ΰǽŲĺȻǻɤţΣ
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ſڣѾ˽ĿͶ˹ҲǵȺ٣ԾʦƲǺˡŴþȻһʮ꣬üĿŶĲɵö׷ײ²⵽Ǻηʥ
ͬźӣһĿе㯵Ŀǰ԰ɽʯһʱҲʲôͷʵúܣԼ¿Ҫ϶µĺÿˡıڵĵ۵һʱȨҲ˽ء
뵽⴦һСӵɫźͰһЩ
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֪ͬǸӲеƢ²ҵǳ춥ͷܵλλǽյֵ󳼶պͲá񣿡
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λʲôˣǺ֮սܺλùǶһ¡ǧž֮һ
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氵Цȴǹúܣã¹ټ񡣡
պͲһţɣ߿ŵ

һͬʱһȺʿӣͷñеڶ컹õЩֻ࣬ǰֱԺŶȥ
һˣĿǣķһֳǿ֮
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һŶպͲɽʯСдУе̫๬ŮһҲû˼ȣҲûʲôϣġ
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̧ͷһŷϤⲻú԰ô

ͬټݣպͲ󳼣׼ⳡ棬һСԼһѪĻЧ͸ŷˡ
ϧԼǡ
۵¶ҲһôС
պͲһۣϸʧǣ˵ſڣվŵ̫ࡣһʯӣ̫ɫϹôӡŽż˳պͲһͷѾһ䣬˫ֱӺ˽ȥ
һҪ̫ѾѹŹѼɤźˣţû۶ģ
û䣬Ժ洫պͲպͲԱһʥﴹѯ
ڴһõ촫촫
һеֻôôӡôżҲϵе顣
̫໻ɫһһǧˣ롣
һֱ鷳ĳ߽Ժӡ̫ഩǰ棬ȴӡһ߲õ濴һۡ
һٶǰ۹һУƺȫ
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һǺܾõ˫̥ûҲһ͵͵Ŀ̣һŸƿƮ
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꣬ⲻҲ飬үүΪ˴㣬Ҳġ
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һ仰ýŮüëβ̾һǧδ֮֡˺˵ľˬҲֻܰүүСˡôǿʶôУҵ

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һͬһӲЦݶһҲܲʶȤҲЦݡһһСЦƺĬġ
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ĿһתȴƺһСҲһֽǡҲһ˫۾ҲĿŶԺڵĹ顣
գգ۾СѾ½η̧ƮƮȥԶˡ


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ͱӽׯаͬо־ȴԶԶй֮
ͷϵڵһĴ̵ĻɤſߺȡƵĳӻ㶵ֵ
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ҲԶԶǡӢʿҡСǵй򶼴ñżβģҪŹжŹ֡װˣŴżܵĶ֧Ķϰվ߱һա
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ʱһ˶ҿȥֻͷƺűվñֱ䱸ѧõĺڷɻ졣
ʿСñĴˣһҡһڵſڣ׼ӭһĳʵȱ׵ݶӭһ򲹵̨ίԱòôõ˼Ǯ׼еܡȻҪ̨˼һöӵ̨
쵽ѧУѧҲǰּӡ
鵱еĳﲱӲݵĺף˵Ǵģ۲ӻӡǳ̶ˣˣѡһ󣬶ļĻ
вס죬ҲԼԼ˵ƶûָ˶شû뵽Ļһ䣺ûôģ
䱸ѧòĲٳϣѧǵĺһƬڿſڡÿ˶˼ĵš
ſͻȻһǹ˫ͲëɪٵñֱԼվ˵ĳ۾һµɵϴ
ʿſڡѧһ
ͼһǲ꣬һƥ񿥵Ĵ֮ϡȫװʿſڡ
ų̂ĳװǴһʽĻؾװŴܾñķʽװѥϥѩϾȻ˲ٳ


 ʮ׳ʿ
װѪȻۡر㻹һٱӵʱ򡭡
һ֪Լ쪺Ҳıŵģ嶩ôһ·ʱ򣬰²ɫ´¶˺һӣ
ʲôԳȣˡһЩִܹģѰҳ·뷨״һ˿ʸо쵼֣Ҳס
ڷΥƣϹٳǡôࡣ̨ίԱһĻʱνһ˶ա飬ʷҲС
̩Ŀ
ЧȻġʿĶ˺ѣǰִ˺ûзȵŴš̨سִʽľ֣ǾʽԵģ
ٶٲվԽֱֻкڻƮٳУšĳһվ˶ࡣ
ִѧһˣֱǵ۾
һס˽ҡڵժһ˫ѥصڵϣ֣˫Ȼֱֿվڶ鵱ǰ۾Ӷǰɨ֮󣬾þõû˵ֻ䵭޵Ĵǡ
˸òӺĺëֱˡ
򵥶ִȻһһɱȡÿƺˡ֪˶ãһƥ˻һŴְ
ţˣҾһֳֶּһ֧ǿĶ̨
һȫĺ˳ʱ˿̵ʵǶôһͨװաֹﾫĽ֮֯
ÿѧļⶼԾıˡ
ǵľ֮ʲôʲôǵвǴģסĽɽʲôҲסһ֧ǿ߿Իһ桭˵ǻߣĿܣǸ̨òã˹٣һˣɢʲôı䲻ˡôһܣ
бĺʼҼ꣬ʹδ˵ֱָĵĻ
һ䵭߰°ͣǶȣǰϰá˫Ȼվñֱ
ô࣬壬Ҳоģôһ֧ǿһᾡԼŬȡõװṩõһôһ죬ȵױɽһڴڣ̵ѩĴһųڸǴصĸɭ֣ڵһصʱ򡭡ҲǺ޹ǵȥԸȥģǰһ
˼涼һ亹
ʿֻﲻͣĬɷϣʹڻ;ôһһ̳µűȾ䣬ҡһ£
ںԺ°ʯ֮ûϵĻ졣
жɵСӣᱻӵĻ
һ̣ʿ
Ĭ꣬ѻȸʱ䣬ƺܳƺ̡ܶ
ɫһֱһ˳ҡͷ̾ҲεľٲϡĿͶעǱʲôС֮½Уɫһı׳
Թ۵ʿ̾вɵСϵ
һʮӣ߸߰üһ˿֮ʿеó֡ʿܽеóֵѧд۵ġĿѡѵ飬ȴú١
ƫƫЩЩͶʴֵѧѪһЩҲɵһЩ
úͳ͢첻ܵزյ̬ȣʿﳤ̾ģô˺һùٳǽ̧ˣ㵹ã˸ߺֶ˵

һƺȴ˵ס
ʮ׳ʿһ׳ĳУĻشȴøߣЦԽңһأҪб£ѪԣмʶбܸҵˣԺºǰҪһ´Ĵ˵˫ʿһдƪǿǿ߸ң֪͵Ķھĺţʱ䣡еģҴߣеġҲô㻹ܳϰֲ跹
һͷתֽӹݹ֣ʿͷȭ񣬷һ޾ͷɿȥˡٽ̹ٷľĿںŶϲϡ
ʿ㼤ĳĿɿڴ尡
˶Ǹ߹ٺ»ȱ£ԱãͲƵġ
ҪɣΪ߶˫ʿأ
岻ûļţ˵Ļһʱ˲ԨꡭûɵʿһֻǿһԶȥӰѹȴֲٳϼϵѧǻûɢѧýԱҲӵ£ûĿһʧķ
䱸ѧõķڱ̹ȶҲ֪ʲôʱߣͨȴ°÷һ䡣

ˣ˵Ԥ㡭ѧѾˡ
һԼլ鷿Լ˻ػ
˵ӾǴһʦү̷ͬټһšЩټܲվͲաڼ䣬Լѡĵϵ˲Ųſϡ
û뵽ѵľӣ̸䣬ȴҲ档ûž֮ǰȻѧƣǿΪʿӣȻΪܣΪٵ´ꡣֵóԸĺ̷ͬûԸύ
еɵһʳָ򶯣֮ĻСûиõר˲֮ǰλҲܵȷġ
ӹԼԸԤ㣬һ۾Ϳʼ
̯ԼڴǮԹһ£һͷһҲҪʮϰӣôƻˣۼԼ¾پҪλϻҪбҪѵҪеҪžǻǮ
ԼСӣҲùء
Ҳ֪ŸûõĶΪѣûվһԡ
һ䱸ѧþıݣı鼡ˡûѯѣֱֺӪ񴦵ôõ״ӦûӦûһָһѳ
ֻҡͷЩ¶̨εĶҲȥܣһĻʦүȥܡ˼ҾæŶȥˣǸˡץǮǷ
һҲ֪ûϷǵ˼ǿס
治Ӿͳɣģа취
ֻǺһȥԴʼԼ˼鷿һûתȥүķˣ˭ûȤ

ãǿ䱸ѧõɾˣԸ׷ѧְѾˡ
ʿ˵꣬˫ֽһС۵˹ȥ
棬ƵʱֻڱСñǶǰһϺõơǰȴһСĵƳĳ𻨵
㸡ȴͣ˿ӣǶ˼²ɫİžյڰ֣
ʿü񷴳ΪǸְֳͬ
һЦֳӣѵµˣƽûҵáֻ̫٣Ҫĥĥй¶ûǮСסͷҲˡҵ뿴ΣҪܴһ·
һЦ׺Ӳڣԣô룿
ڵ̾һѧ˵Ƿáô˵ôͲ˵Ҵһȥ


 𵽱
һƣ˽һ磬´¡ĵͷվ
һÿÿ̾ôһǺáһֱı֡ôһլӽ֣ڼʮϰٺ˵ĴӵңָԷ尲ٵլ£λ´£Ƿ֮
ҪǣֳǮÿ˽˿֧´õöǡּʡʷʦүѶ˽͵͵˵´¡Ī˼ūţ
ڴߣҲ
һ۾һ壬°̾ԼֺγҲ
ͣбʣʰǵ˼Цеĵ£ʲô飿
˫ַӣүһǺƹģ͵˽ţ˲һᡭһ䱸ѧõѧӣҪݼˡ
ѧһһ£ֽӹӡƹȶһߣϺ꣬ʱٶԸܲ˺ãǻ˵ء
žһݰ׵۷ī֣ݣһС֣ѧòѧʿӣʡֱرӶ˾Σѧڰѧݡ
֣ǰѧ֣ƺǽһôţǶԼ̫أһĵģ
һζһӣ΢ЦǩѺ

ǩѺſڣһĵ̨լƻͨô˷ҲԭλίԱ̨үľϺڵϹ𡣺϶ĵŻһﰵǳǮͿɾɣЩ˿ɲ֪үĵľǮ⣬һҪģҲǮ⣡
ǩѺſڲվ΢ĽŲ;ˡʱһݣɣ
ºͶϳҲ֪ϰ˶òô׼
һҲͷůñˣεӣ̷ͬ·ΨһһЩ
΢΢ʾ⣬ƿӾ˽ȥһžͿ͵ƣ̨õǣǩѺյðҲơһΣ鰸֮࣬űʹƺдʲô
ݽһЦ±ʣ΢΢̧ʾԼ
ҲҾһԹԵĶһԡ
ôʲô
һڻǹٳĿѡʼûб飺У˳ƺá
һ΢ЦĿ⾼ֻǿˡֿڣ硭
ҪǴ˻ǹٳѣô¾͸ǡ
һһֱֵӣҲʵҪʲô
磬Ǿֱָİɡ
ݴȡһӣ˫ֵݸһһۿ죬ﻹһûȡ
ѾдһݴҪǿǿߣһ֮㡣
úÿ죡һֽӹӡǰı䱸ѧðİˣҪʶΡҪķڷȵ˲ţҲֻļʶı£ѹ
ݵĹһ˿ֻǱʷĩ˹ɱ֮
ǿǿߵݣʱǼʶˡһһ֮ЧԾеװ֮ѪԣԹΣ֮ڡǨҪƶ֮žȹϵ֮֮һ١
ԭӪ񴦸Ϊ³ʿ֮ıٷսˣѵ֮ĹٸΡе䣬ȫһ־ѣž˽˾֣ƶȡ
׮׮һ΢΢ͷǰˣȷ˼峯ӵֱ׶ˣҲȷ۾磡
ǿߣҲݡһڵʱѧʶƽˮ׼֮ϡõĵط൱Ŀ˿Ժʵʩķӡ
˲ţĵȷȷ˲ţһסͷϲãֶϡĵҲ˰ˡ
ݵȻ䣺ӣȻŷӰ¼ʶвټʶܴΪˣҲӦá
һһЦСӣƺûкɫ˿©ҹͶЧԳ£Լ߿üĺ·ʱĶӶ壬Լߵһ
ͻȻʵлһӣǲǻʲôûó
ɫһһֱӭһһ¡һ°
꣬˼ᶨ̧ͷĿ⵱еǿ֮һ㲻ñȵ̷ͬ鶼Ժˡ
ѧУһӲۣѧѳ˼ȻҪôѧͳһͬ壬ʲô𷣣˹ͬš
ôţһһԺлųʲôˡƺǵһվڶ鵱УЦñĸߴˡʱһ֪ǸףƤļһǸʱͽࡣҲھôá
һ߿ɫֵĴȡӣ˫ַϡлڰЦʲô˲ĸϵ޷һھĸǿ߹һµ˲𷢷󹤼ռѵɧ
ӣȴǿݣزȥһȡ
²ףʽҡȨ֣άۣ
֮£һ͵һӣ治
Ŀ磬ֱֱĿźݡ
ģļ𵽱ˣ


 Ƽʻ
ڵĿͬһĳţһܵеǷӡ˵ĿⶼõĶϡ
ʱĿϲһͷӿȴǸ˼
ѵ̽ԼķԼµİӣô˷Լǵ˼Ƶķ࣬ѵôĳˣʵʷ棬ﱻûأʵͷç
͸İУͻȻһЦ
ҲһһοЦ
֪Ϊʲôʱݵλͣʶ˵ҲԶԶӵгԽʱĿһСǧӵȴôϤ
ҲйĿУǧʿ֮Ȱɡ
ˣѧȴԣȷǴ治ǴУԼԼڹĴĽңѧͳѾ˼ֹһաӴвŶԭ򡣷ңΪĹǸɣִܽߡȺǿά޲ǡ绨ߣҲж֮ս֮»干ʶ
лΪͳһǧ֮ãİ϶֮ʳ˺ӣţл޴˶ɶһ죡
٩٩̸һȴɫࡣվ첽ߣȴص
Сߡ֮壬ͳڡܲϷ֮ٿֻ֮֮֮һơ˹ţ޲Сڶ⣬ˮһ̶ūϥֱ֮֮ߣһУһūӣбȨū֣֮ģпɱ֮󡣴˾֮ȥпɵȻϲһҺ¡ƣϷڼ޾ٴ룬ܱ֣
ݸ֮䣬ˡƺҲ֪Լһô󵨵˵˼ˡһɫȴԽԽҪγˮ
΢Ц֣ѧͳѾáն֮顣ŷл֢ڡ˲ȥǿ·ѰŵϦӡ˻УҵȻѧʣҵȾΪζԾˣ˻ˣѧ¡ԢҲִ
ƪ˵գݵһЦС
˵ֻģͲǵڼĲϡ
Σ˼ڼ飬˭ҲᣬҲðɡ
Ѿ۾磬ʵеƣŬѰҳ·
ȻҲ³ç棬һ㶼֪дͳʿĿɲԼںѾ˵Ƿ켫زĹϵжô
һЦ֣С˵ͣ䱸ѧҲĲ¡ǸȰᵽסɣٵŷɲʹô˵ȥ˻ҽ̵أҿɵ𡭡
վߵߡ갴סϵϲɫ˫ַϥǣñֱһֻ򣺡ɵ죬ǰˡ滳Ǳɽġ
ˣ
һһЦӻ֣ĵɣ߱˼ǸճСӡ˶Ͻ
ϲɫһվǧȥƽһ񡣲һЩŹ֡
ѧ˴ӽΪЧ
ţԼɵСĸˡӵ̨ɵС¡Ҳһ˵ԼҪģҲЩнǵɵСӡ
˼תƣȴߣѾһĸµӹҳɫصһˣˣѧҲڵˡҪá
һͷĻ֣Щ黹ҪǲģòƾʲôͶЧµһ飬ԶҪɣ
һնһʱݾȻǣ

һ糾͵Ĵ󳵣¡¡ĹĽֵתһ۵档
бͷϣվŶţһӰ͵صĻǵǶ򿴵ǣʳָĴָָؿڱһ¡ʱ춼ȥͬʱ΢΢򳵷
ɫѾ߳һеӵˡƤñ۹һɨȴǻо֮С
Ǵʢƹ񣬺ƽүӡ
̬ĳү쾯ĹţҲƵӭһԺ档
Ժ裬߻Ұо׳èĺζӾƳѾӵζһúү̲סһ±ӡ
ͷӿһ·ҴҵĸϹġȻȻĿòѾΪˡһӵԺӡɨһ£ߵһͷģأ
ǻͷĵ»Ѿˣڵүء
ƽͻȻ΢΢һЦ̳ʹߣ˾ʹߣү˻졣αǮʵҲµòС⻹Ҫͷʲô
ǻͷĿҲ΢Цү̵ĹүǶҲǷ£֦ͬôٵүӡ
˵䣬һƣݵѾſڡλһǰСĵĹ£ȴһӣĿźƹǰ񣺡үӣһ·Զࡣ
ƽһӣл˵һȥĹ󷹵ЪءζѬˣ
ɫүӣΪĳڵĶңҲףѾĵ̨һӸɡõʱүӺӴʮ꣬Щ˼ǸңڳľǮ⡣ּү֧һ£ǾҲãǱЧҲáǶңö֧
ƽӣֻźӡˣͷһ֣ǶӵΪҲ˵ˣڱǶɻһ̨ΪһӣסֻӣҲҪ
ɫȻ˿վںƽǰȫһ͹ܼҵģƽ٩ֻ꣬ǾţβĵүӣǵĴ㡣ȱǮǮȱŮˣŮˡλңҲ˽һ⸻˼ñȱˡУƯŮˣȷ̵߲¶үֻϾǡ
ƽһ֣תߣģ
תߵſڣͻȻתƺʲôһ̾ա


ڰ 
ŵԯڣǷˡҲÿµգգʮգʮգơ
ÿÿԯڣſڵ¶˳ѾվȥԶ⡣ӳͣǽһᶥԻͣ鲹ĴСվԯǰλԱȻ룬ֱúûмλ˾𻰡۲ϺĸǾ͸ϽԱ߸վࡣһЩĺ̨ǺôһЩļֱҲΧߴߴȫ۹ٳǨĴš˺ȱÿСӣԯǰŽֹƳȥٲʹһ򳤻̵̾Ϣ
ڻϵĵϵĸԯڼ֡ǶǩѺʱԺ𻰶ġ
ԶԶĿһϮ̧תձڣ쳤˲ӵĹٶǶתͷǰĹζӡʱһеĻŽָָ۷׷ףϵɫʵúܡ¶ֻƬȴǶ壬֮ۡ
Զͣ˶üӿӿĳ˹˼ˡ໹û峤ʲôأ
źڽԱߵģ¹£°Ӻ棬ȴϣʯӵ١һݣЦġһȴӢˮĿƺܴһ㼥ڽ
ƿӣЩٶǲԾľͷ˵һҶһĹٶŶƷĺ춥ӣЦӡһСģӽţʱһˤڽθĻһҽУģ
һʱЦӵ͵ҲûȥվͽᡣƽգֱӺ𻰵ĵ̨ٺȱÿӶ˵СӻϽȥͽᣬƨɶɡ
λӵ̨˭֪¼ӣ£յġʮŸɵѧûһԸ¸¶ġ˵ŹѣͬһпԸţֵµʹǻûС
涼ˣþҪſǸŹŴ󼪣
һǴĳţŴžڱ䱸ѧôһɡԯ죬ҪⱾһӡŵӣҲǰڵΪ
Ǹ壬뵽ĳĳ
Ҷ̵Ŀ¶ãſЦ̬Ҳá
һЩľٶ֣ҲͱЦ˰ɡ
һӣĲǴˤģ˭ͷֲֳڳĵڽθۿԼġ
еεķͷϵĴñӣΧĹٶһͨ֡ӭѲЦֶһǧſڵЦ˫ֱ
ں棬һһ߳ݼ۾ƼûУçǫδʱλˣװɵм֣
бһۣס죡
ˣлԯڣ浽ڴúͼλ𻰣ҪҪְ
һЦЦѾֱݸѲ١Լͳһʽӡ˫ţѲٶһͨҲȻ롣Ⱥǰӿ֪Ǹ˵żʱ򣬻죺ˤˤ
һ·ƶãͿͿվڵˮǰܶǺ춥ӵһµȷ˼һԶԶľʹ¹ȥְμôˣ
ºǺǴЦҪͥˣ˵ͷӿߴվǶֱ
˽˴£һͿһƷ룬žƹӵ˶סĴԼ¿ϣЦ磬һ£Ǳˮʦᶽܱ͢šһˮʦһ½ʦǹ֮򣬸õú׽һ¶

һһԭ˺֧Եĺй˵ļ䵱Уʵ̫̫ˡ
æֱ֣üģһҾȥɫаȻ˼һйһ֧ǿ󽢶ӣж档һȴֻӵ̨൱ԶϣֻǺŲ豭ɫĿһæվЦҲһҾףһֲֵ
λãһ˵ȴǰ档
ãˮʦʵˣûǮúиǵúġˮʦֻաһٽúյĲʮ˵ڣ½̨Ѿļ½ʦ̨һΪѣûطģˮʦõĿѶ࣬һӵԴ߰ʮڵҴΪֵǴȻӴСԿһӵʮѾ˲𣬶ҿֵҲ١ǵ
һŻٻָͷűˮʦȱȱȱȱõ״ס³סĵͷһϰΧΧĻţʱ͵ۿһ¶һ
ÿԯڣԼּܾܼԼҪã
һĥϻЦһ档ÿζҪôһĻ˵Լ´μľʲôҶ־󱦹󡭡ˮ½˧Լüһ
˵ıˮʦڵ״ɶİ
סȴͣס˶¶͢Ҳ˵ףø¸ơҪǮٴڣƽʱüӶٿҺ˾ȥתһһЦʲôһֱûʴ
һһ㶣Ըûأ׺ͷһһڴĽţԼƤҲˡԱۣ漴Цְִ壬ô˷Ը
һƺĥһ¡ֻһЦģҺҲˡЩ˵ĵˣŵĿšֶܴģͷûӪֶûǮ
һɫѵ
̯Ӵ󣬿Ҳˮʦ½ʦѧûֶµĿӣҶţֻ˶ǧĿѡھ֧áӪ񴦷ľ۹ҲûġǶףӹʲôģ͢Ҳҽˮʦغص㣬ÿ껹ҪѣϵǼµѲϱﶼòǮڣ״Ӧ˵رʮˡһڶû
ĥ¶ǲٸ͢ϸӣͷ˾ŪǮµ¶ҿǽȰ죬˶ǶţӪ񴦣ƺÿ¸ǧĹѣ͢治ܶ¶Ű죬㿴Σ
յļˣǮţšֱ˶Ϊֹ
ģվǻԼȴҲֻϡ
Цڽֱϣְ֪ô˵Ϊѣ͢ѴǰҲҪ¡ĿӣְԼиӣôת೯ְ͢Ū塭
ºɵĽӹֱ˵Ŀⶼת˹֪ˣʲôӡ
ɨһֱȻĸ棬ĳһҪȥã

ûһǴȥá
ͬ˻Ĺ⸴ǰ֧൱ǧƽĿǸʱ񵳵Ĺٷʷ飬ͳƳ⸴ծȯ˴ԼǧԪ֮ࡣԪϾԼ֣ҪԶԶٷʷ϶
һһֱ׵ľǣͬ˻ᵱ꽫ôǮڵĶȥˡ
⻹ԶԶܳĿļޡģ½ײ㣬õңûͶһֵǮ
ЩҰɣʱ޳¡顢֣ļң̩ӵļмϣ̹С̩ũССУֵԪӡңںֳӡұţŮּҵɳּţҷ֧ķӡţϸмţǵķ֧漯ţԭ˻ƼɵĴмţ¼ҵĻмšЩҼ֧һʲﵽ900Ԫľ޴ҵţ
ͬ˻ûùǵĹЩûңҲƲʱͬ˻ᡣܽЩʲֳɵִܹ˲ţЩ޴Ӱôһ֧װʶǿҵǿָտɴ
ֳصֶʮʮǿйرջѧУķ糱УЩ괩Ű׳£¾ƿװݵֳؾӶԿĴ档һ;ÿϧ
һЩ޴ٶãԽԽԶֱԶԶָֻʣĻһŦЩšҡӴ˿ڣ˵ᣬΪľӢײ㡣ȴԽԽԶ
ôӴʲȴδúþӪ
ôʹǻûü̫޴ٶʱ򣬸ıһаɡ

һ˾磬ڱŵС
һ΢Цſ£ĵͷôˣǡְ裬֣ʱ󳼶ԱְҲѡ


ھ չ
ԣ͢ô
һ˫ƱշǱգͷֻǴеӡŵͷţ̣û
һƬĬβڴ˼žãµȷгġ긣зս£ҲίԱãޣʮӵĹ⾰ڳ͢ҲֵǮ򲹵ĹٶҲ࣬Щж͸һգίԱ󳼵壬ȥˡ
ĿͻȻһԼŮȴȻԵõҡӡ
ԣô
΢Ц
װɵ㶣ƭ˱Щ˴үƭңˡ˼ġ
ʿüͷһֱڿ˼ãǲҿɡֿȭֳ棿һξ糱Ҳ˲ٶ¶ȥ͢С¶򲻻᲻׼ġǾ͸һ󳼣Ҳá
ֻҡͷףס
ĿתλˮʦᶽǩѺĳȴнúܡҲһ¶¶ӡӭµĿ⣬ȴڴãˮʦ¶ְ˵ĶʵûķԸҲô˵⴬ڣǵģˣڴúݼˣˮʦȥ飬˿Ǳǻ˷˸״ܴǱĴڣ˵ʲôãˮʦǵĸ
»һվݺݵĿŶͷȥʿȰ͢㲻֪õΪѣˮʦÿľӪģôȥϷүôޣ͢ôǱҿģڱˮʦغڣӦˡ
ǾͰ⺣óȥҪǶˮʦ
һӣ࣡壡͢ԺҪǰٽڡͷϣš
ȻֳǩѺ壿壿

͸һլ棬ʱȴǺա֮ڣһϯ磬Ǳʱ
ڵľסһֻһоˬ
ڻԷڻȥóԷڴãԼҳԣҲû˹ֿռ泩оǰڱٶܸʮƽϾ־ִٵĸоǽȻ
˵ļʮѾۣǶźԼ˶
ݺͳм̸ѧլ濪ʼֵҲǵʱլŵĴͳױʲֵءֹȣҲԭСԱһġҲø֮ʳʳ֮Ļᡣ
ʱԶԶҪࡣ
ϵĿˣǧԶһ·ĺƹ
һһСֻɾĺ꣬żЦƱһˬɱӵ˼תס
ź˶ɾǶžһСѾͷҲǹڣһ׺ƤߵĽСյ縡͹ͷûһԴһһεġһþƲŻƾơһ촽һ۾ˮġ
λү˵ɫɣÿɶæסԸÿͷС¹ײĵŶءƫƫæû꣡ʩСѾͷҲǲˮġҲûŷƸ顣
ŮӣǶź
ϯˣûŮ˼ƹһƺ˰յĹ²ȥŷ±ӡЦĿһƵĴӻȡһƤϻӣˣǨ֮ϲʢûйءڴ˾ҲűͰɡͷ˵ǮϢɲʲôʱҪȡһ仰ͳɡ
һҲ±ӣϺЦһŴҲûͽӹϻӣһһĺƱһžƱӡһ²и
ŵʱԼҶûУǻ
һ֣žСһЦţʩߣƹˡ
ƹ񣿡žԴ¶ӵǳɰɽҰСѾͷլС򡣻еɾ͸еġ
Ժլöȣʮ£ʮϣʷ֧ȡүҹܲô¶һЦĵ
ž鼱ҲҲʶֶһڰ֣үٸҸʶֶĽòͳˣ
壬ˬ
ƹЦĿ̬С꣬ڸԼء
˶žǶһתͷƹЦլȻǼõģʹ˻˵ЩִŵѾͷҿҲ˲ֵµѾϷ˾ѡʹˣҲ͵˵еһ񣬴ʢд࣬Ҳںúѡңң
һһþƱסԼЦ½֪ˡԺԼеĹƣˡּɴͼһ桰˫ءɡ
ֻϷ⣬ֻ»ءںүӣݣһֱеٵȵȣٿ
ƹȻ洺磺˵ĲʹҲǴʢ档˭֪ڴʢдŷӰ¼⳯͢¶̼ұЧҲʢ̵أֻҪ˿ڣⱨЧ٣һ仰顣
ЦŽһһ˵ĻҲǴǸǮƱʢ׬ӡóЧǴʢӡֲΪأ
Ͱ͵ĸǮڣǼ鼴һ˼תúͷһͣЦźƹ񡣴ʢڵӣǸǮƱ⣬һǮϢʮˡóеóԼѪ͢
źƹֵЦݣֻͷǮҪǽġ
ˣһס˺үҡͷӣ΢ЦүӣڿҲǹĽˡֵߵ·ޱȡүҲף֧һѣүӵֵ֡ܰлǮֵܴԳˡүҽҲΪ˱飬ҲҪүӵĹɷݡ
ƹֻǿһŲ˵
үӿڣȸʮʣȣӦ˳ٽһʽ𡣽κҵдʢһɵĹɷݣ
ƹҲ˱ӣʵʲôҵ
һЦأָܷǮƱʽУе˽˵֣̾ݣ̺ţ
ĺΰƻȴǺүӵĲɫüͷ˵ľչͷӲ󶮣ôĿһôôҵһֵ̨סٳô
һα棬ֱźƹ۾ĵͷүӾɾֵۡԶһү׬ʮҶһּ̨Կһ
ղŵֻС꣬ȴɫľơԱߵĶž飬ҲҳһڡֳһζεСϢ
žһȴǺ򻨱
ƹһЦһӣֳˣҸϴӸ̺ŵˡǮһǲҽٲ˵ͷҲǺ棬ܴһʲô£
һЦԸž飬ֽʹ
žӦһҪȥƹȴסֽʲô
־ݰ
үӵһЦӵ飬Һĳ˻е㵣Ҫ־ݣȥеˡ

ҹһ֮£үȻ̨Ŀͷ
ͬһҹֱܶתίֱ򲹵һΪίԱӣҲѾ·
еĸҹǸ˼
үҹû˯ţ¶ͥԺп϶ɫ֪ʲôʱӰһľүӣǮӦˣ
үͷҲأ̷Ը飬ҺƽҲô
ģлүӡ¶Ҳץ졭
үֻЦ㵱̰ɫǶž飬ߡ˫ȱֱգüëɢˮ֮һ绨СѾͷǴӡǺɫ֮µ飬µĺܣЩ֪ģ
ЩҲֻǲĵװˡ
һͷӰͲˡ
ʮһ¶ʮһգ͢͡ίһΪίԱˣ뱱ųˣ뻧ű㡣
С£һǰΪðӿĵ۶ɣûô⡣


ʮ ˹׳
Ȼһϡ͢£һǰϷүŭ׮壬Ǳ鷳е̬ȵġ
Ӵ󽩻Ĺϵ鷳ùҹʱװ̬ȣϤҲˡ
ԡּ̨԰ίԱͷϣֶһίԱͷγֻҪȦӵ̨Ϳڰɡ˭Ҳûָܳ
̴ͨͷεܶһۡϢעһ̬Ƿ
۹£һùҹ
Ӧ˵»Ǽ˺ôģȻãҲżϵǸȦӡʵŪȨԴҪԱ׼ԱܾҲŪһѿհ׹ʵգ䣬׷
ĩЩշ书ƣͳһ׮⡣ȣȻѾ뿪ʮϰ꣬ѻݣᣬԸᶥԻͣñٲȻ򼸿ʲôʲô˵ӣҶ˼Ŷ
ȰίԱ󵽴ڽУе壬еû塣˭ҲûһʮԱȰίԱ
Ȼٳĺ͸һЩȰ豾׬ͷ⣬ٴôˣһ·ϻִ˳ġ⽽׬ͷⱾˡ̨ٳǸӵ·˲Ŀ
ɵӣûôɵģ
һɲЩ⼸ȴӣԼʮѧȫϣڽŵӣͨͨԱ顣׼С檶ž鶼ûʴϣһ·źүԺʰ̵Ա¼ɣ˳ʾ֭ԼϣæĽų졣
үһ֮ҲѾǣȥȥˡһնȥʿ˾һЩ£ڻûأ

ʿҴҵ̨ͣſڡͣסƥӢ͵λֱ׵ŲʽƵĻ
̨ſڣѾû˲ŵֽʱſƷٶӵĸʲվñֱֱ㶵ĻţбӡȻһɱȡ
ЩǾɽı䱸ѧбһѧſվҲĿ˵ӵ̨վˡ
λǵѪùˡ
ʿһ߸̾һкͬﵹҲһòƤںڵģʮͷͣЩŵƮȡȴɥһ߸Ը˸ģһȴһһ˵ĴƤ䣬۾첲»һֽɡôôһš̬ʵǾ׳֮
һȴǾٷɫˣʮͷͣƲšһǿ䵭ɫɨһ̨ɫġƹӣѾˡǸܱͷεľ١ƹй£ȴǵʱˮʦеķɫ
ʿͷһۣһЦԾĳѾķȥͶ
һֱ׵ȴΪ˷һһٶšʱεúܡ
ŽŶͿһӢͦľӭ˳ʿǸˮʦľ٣䵭Ӣ֮Ҳ˿
٣ȻһڵĸʲĶӳˡ̲ȵÿ֨ӭƽſľһľ񡣿Ǳˮʦһ
ʿȴЦݣɵ⣿˵θȻúģ
ݵҪģɣҪоɵģʱ̲ԼҪɱľˡ¾úǡ
ʿЦˣҲǡ˵˵ݣǴԶĹˣҲͨһ£
ɫش˵ĻѾͨˣ٣ȻҪӭš㣬Ǵ֮
ʿ΢΢ҡͷǰӢϧ䱸ѧãͿǳ˳ۡҪģҪ䣬ǰղߵļһǡ
˵ʱ򣬾ѥҡ滹һк֣֣
ȻͿһӭ˳ʿ첻İѱһЦ
ʿˣһûɵĿһ棬һλ˵еĵ̨ȴ䵭ģ
ʿЦһɾֱ㵱׵ˣҪЩˣֵѾͰͶô֪ҪԶ࣬ţҲһ¡ƣ
ĻһҲһϲõ˲ţˣЩӣǮ⣬г㡣˲ȴѼ֪λΰ˵ɲһСֻҪ˺ʵˣٽʵƣһһҵ
ϲ֮¶˲úʿˣתͷʹˡĿͶ˾ˣǧͥ񡣲ԸԸµĹءֻǾ٣ȻĿһĿֻĺһ
ʿһһϲķӣЦһýܣָġҲ֪ϢÿһŶ׼λ֪ͬɽǣίԱһӣȱţ
ȻǸԸļһѧ֮ͯһ衣⽻弾һһĺ֡մ˸ֶ;ɣװͽɽίԱȱݡȴû뵽Ϊ˳һ飬ͬʱҲּŷܺãȱǮĸף
һҲɫһѽڴǧ𣺡ٴ֣ˡֵȱһİٴΣ
ǿһۣһĭûֻдӦ÷ԸŰֻнЧ
ղʿ涼ˣ˵ܺû͵̨ţȻȱرȻǿλ̨ߡ
ʿɫҲ֪ԼĽɫõϽһˣղղﳱղ֪ͬй·˾ĸԱ˶޲кӴţ֪ġҪԱǾ֣֣ǿ˵ãղ֪ͬɲܾһضã
ǰ񲻹ʮ͵ĽʵꡣһϲǰҪһˡ˲Ű˲Űƣ裬ɹβսʱǹʵϹ˲ţһҲû԰ȥ㼼ר˲ţйʱмõм
ץղӵĸ첲ö˵ˡղӾ㶵Ŀ²֪ʲôطõţ¶һŲ
һĻشԽԽǻϲ
ʿҲƣͬΪѧͯԱ˵һЩ飬ٳҲаղȻҲأǵ֮֮ôõһȻȿǻҪϲٱ
һ˵Ķ˵ˣʿһ֣صһ֣Ӳղ߳ߵһֱվñֱıˮʦٵǰ֣кϢأôһȥñˮʦҪȵձޣȻѲҷõĶ䣬ίԱ֣Ѿ御ۣ
һסĻͷֱղӣ˼һëʿлҲǰЦѾʿĿڸˡǷһ飬ڣȫ꣡Сӽ󣬱ô֪Ȥˣ
ʵãѾʮζʹ£ôܹף
񣬳ǸЩľٹһ񣺡֪£γƺ
ûǾٻشʿѾЦŽܣǱˮʦоӪᶽΡܱšͼ³Զ׿촬ܴţ
һһͷѪһӿѿڶᣬй׳˴ˣ


ʮһ 
˴һ˶ɫһ䡣
˭Ҳ֪һȻ˵ʫʫ䱳ĳ׳֮ȻҲһƵ˼ߵλ
ʿ鶼ڱˮʦоԽýòȺƣ˵ǺĻ˵䲻ľǲȺСǴ¹ȮںɢȻǾմֻɧҲࡣѾᶽʸ񣬲ŷһȱĴյλöȥ
һ˵ҵ˶ǵͷѪɻġˮʦɻࡣܲúõðŵ飬ͱЦˡ
תһ룬ȻҪӲˡ£ЩϵƱƴĽ죬һֵǼɵأ
ʱȻǺЦЦĿŵӦԡ
һȻҲ֪Լ˵ˡʱĬȻǺȻʫѿڶôյû
̨ſڣһʱþĵġ
ķϣб鶼סˡںڵüë棬һҲĿһ
һֱĵͻȻһЦȻ˾üһҾл¡󣬱ʫĳֺκ
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Щɵӣôڱտھ
ڵľٶһҲֻȻҾ
һǳ˴ȵ׵ս£ԼϵüôĹʿԼȵóô
ʱ˾ӵ̨ͱˮʦֱɵĹܴȴһЦѱۻãһڷÿͣӭ츮

һͬĹӡˢͼʿ͵֮һſ⸱ͼָ滺ߡ
ʱй򣬻һƬҶ״ʣйķ̨壬ҲһˮǧΧĹ֣Ϥİ
ӡ֧ǣӡɱӢӡȸĶ˹˫ͷӥ۹ϴӱƬҶĶס
ڵ۹ǿ֧һӴ۹ļӡž˵ǿ˶Ľˮʦǧֵս½İٶʮΪսӪװ㻵񶽸ǵķ򴢴档ͺŵǹ˵³ʿ־
֮սӴĵ۹СĶһٴݿ壡
ӴˣƼתֱ¡Щͳε䵨ǿһӿϣԤϷֻ֡Ϊ۹̫󣬶ʳĶ̫ࡣǣƣδǹϷ֣Ϊµʵ
ԼԽȶĺǾδøãǸ
žžҫ̨ĵվ촽үһڵͼȱȻ
֮󣬲СѾͷձձĶ
һͷСѾͷɫΡͷŵͼԭǵҰԣҲ֪ǲǱոĥѾࡣ
͵͵ĴСѾͷǹĹĵؿһۣϷǰ·ããԼȻ¶ҪȥϵӴĻľġǵ׽Σ˭Ҳ֪ʱһ¾ûʲôȤ
žһЦָ溣һʺһĵȺһָǵһվȥǶ״ȥô㻹װأϵèšˮʦŮϴǼɻࡣ
ž˷ֱܵͷ۾ֱŹ⣺Сձ˵СձӣûŮ˸ߡسʵɵͯͯŮĺһǲǣ
һûĻֻǳҲȥ
ž촽һԺһЩͿϲģ춼ЩصġʩֲߣһôүĻתûضȥ
ǴǧʵկСˣְʵ˻Լʲôüǹҵģ
СѾͷ۲תԼ˼һȴڿĿŵͼĿںӡˮתôңɾˮ
αˮʦšԶԶѲ棬ҲҪˮͣúġ
ԼӦãǲźã
ͻȻˣƴ˺ղ˵ػڻǣǩѺ
һȻԼ˼˹üͷǩѺǣ
žںƲƲ죬Щһ淳ˣ

ǩѺڣǺղӶѾ˴ñӣװĽһϡ˶һۣžһӣҪͥ
ƣ˾һ塣˵Ա˼ϡǼãҲֻǧͷǺղӲ֪ͬһʽأҪͷͥġ
ղӺһЩ˵ѧͯгȻʽҪôһ̨ͥΣһѲӬҪģ
һĵǰһԾǰͷסǸ첲
ʲôأ̨Ҳ֪ġŷּĴñӡǴҴպ¶λţţҸͷˣˣ
ǿЦˣǼȻʽΪ͵Ⱥشֵίòʹ֪δ˶ʲôʹɣҪҪʹһ󣿡
˵ίղȴֱ㶵һ䣺ˣ治֪ʲôôõŵġѧǼɵǼɲ˻Ƿ»й·˾ɡ½Ҳܶ޵·
һһЦԲղֱˬ˶һ˼źϴˣ
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һЦǵɵѧͯɰǸ֪ͬأƲҲ֪һʦ÷粨֮󣬱Ų̨ջϲһã̿˺һʱ䡣Ұֶּּһ׼һּίԱֱͷţȻǰңӲ¡ºú룬һ·ǴпΪľ棿
⻰ֱָģڱ档ϻϵѾ̸ڡҪλǱȵ컹Ҫѣ
һ֪һ᣿Ҫ֪һŵİĸеĸˡǣγڻϵ˭µĸ
ǶʱȻĶת뵽һҪǮûǮڱһ졣̲סһĭ
һ˽ĻЦ㲻ҷһʹ磬ǣͷһݳǮҸ㣬Ҳ㡣ʣѾȥźϴټˡʱϵٴݾѣҿԴӿÿµĹѽҸ㡭ǧ
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Ҵ˵ЩѧͯմֳʵԸⲹЩʵȱءԸЩصĲʹ
ִܹУʵôĥûһǿС
һĻ𾪣Һͱ̣ѾһʿӣаɡЩѣҽһȰҲţ֧ȫЩҵпԴԴעٴҵҲ֪¾õıҲ˸䣬¿ӡȴɳǿǮţȴȫָչ
ִϣȡһۣݸǡǵɴ۾һ򿪿Ų۾ˡ
氲ŵĶӣðĿһ֣һΪеǹ֡涨̰ţܹ֯ȵȷ棬ǵüΪ
һŴ͵ı飬°Цƻ֪ǰڷίǸģʮʯͷӣʲôҵƶȶȥԹˡóôһݶСcaseɡ
ҪĲ֣ƶ԰ٵüǮҲõóڱԼӡҪһ裬ܺ͹ٳ򽻵ֶʱֵ죡λѧͯʵʷһιѡʱʹõ£ʺλõģڶ룡
Ŀ֧ȫһãзĽջͲٴֵܵס
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ϾȻҲŵЦݣһܰ׵õƵĴǿʲô񣡡
һ΢ЦȥɣǮ¶Ķ֧졣ﳱһ
תȥһֱ˵ղѹϰԵһ۾ȴ˼ϹٵĹأܴ۾һɾһա
һתⲽ
ղֻܹԹԵվš
һﳱҼǵβսʱű˴ǡðˮϰģǲǣ
ղɫһƺ˵յľѪת۾ʮȥձӶβĲ״Ȼǰ
ͷ̾Ϣһ˵
һҲ᣺ţ·ǲѾˣ뿿ȹû겻Щˣʲôã˳Щź·һֱڵô˵޵ź·Ҫ˹ͷЩ棬Ǵڣ
ղ۾ȴǲ˵
һﳱٸһɺãܲһ֧ǿסꡣʰڵҾ֣ʱ򡣲סѵҪһдؽôʱٶ·ţʲôã
ղڿڣӲģˣȻѾ£һзԸ¶
һһЦЩԼרҵԺ˵ģΪöǡղӿ£Ѿģɡ
Լλ棬һ˲ţ÷ô󹦷򡭡ɡҪ׳־δͺá
ڰ֣ҲҪˣҸһʿӣȥִľеʲôҪʲô˲Ҫã⡣ʱҺٴҪǮ͸ǮٴﲻҸ취ģһҪȫ죡
ղĬʩһתǳš
һȴΣ豭δȡֻʧһЦ̯ˣֻܳɹʧܡ
Ҫµñ죡


ʮ ԶԶ
ˮʦͷ֮⡣
ʱһƬɪͷջ⣬߶ֻһЩ޺ĿˮµߺУͣͷϵļʡ
ðĻɵֱϲԺɫʡһɢ
ĺˮɫġ
ͷͣڴβƮצ졣СࡣͷյĴױꡣڵĺϸ
һǵ̴ѣ߸ߵǰΦ顣һ˫Ŀ²ڣͭڿùɼˡ滹һŵװĿ²ڣȴ¹šڲͷˮǣеæŰʣеĥʯˢżװ塣
һ٣ȴڴβװɢĽűߣһڱȮǾΧˣԵֵڶŪȮ
ȴǺһһ֮Եĵ
ϵģһС൱ױƺ͵൱ֻǰҲǵװˮǶϲ࿴ͷˮ¶ſ˲ʡһƬԤƺԶһͬѲҷԶѲ󽢡
ԶĹܴʣʵڵĹܴȱݡñĺͷϣʮʲվš׳ʵܴػصͷⲽ
ĸʿǸӵ̨ĿԷܣɲܲ
ڵһӭٶýòȺ̬ȣȥɡ

ԶԶһгƶسΧõáʿĳʹֻǳСĶƣɡһ١ԯϻվ£һ·Ӧ
һüģֻһڳԯšһȫ⡣ֻӺ棬ȴһӾѧ
ЩѧһԱݺͳȣ˶ǲСߵһȺȴ˽šһӿ̨ĸʮѧȫԶʽҲûԸ˵
ʮŸ˴Ŵñűнڵ·ϡ˻дӣ˶Ŀһ£
һжֱͷԶԶĿʿĹӡæǰŸʲһǧȥˮʦӪλԶʵܴӭˣ
Ŷȵʿʱһȣȥ
ʺ͸ʲһվһһƣʿһͬʱ˳
ʿȻǸģٷʺǺȻͳһͷ΢Ц
ұϵˮǣһոµѧ鶼Щһϣ̲ס˻һ
һһڱ䱸ѧʱһվͦѥķʵװýġôȻ˳ȴӿ֣Լ̽ӵأû϶һ
̨öˣȴûмһ̨Ȼ˵Ӣ䣡
ʮѧͦøֱϵˮվֱӡԶװϵĵս˿һһʱ⡣
һʱȴãǰ׾ɭȻľʮᾫ׳ҰסǰչһĿ
Ĺٳд򽻵ˣȻֻЩᾫ񡣲ܸԼҪʲô
ҪôһѾõĵ۹洳·վͷԼǻ֡

ˣ´ãףһ·˳磬ճþ޿չôš
ʿЦõҲһˮƣһһϱξˡΪ˻ʦǵ֡׵һôõĲʵҲζ͸ˡ
һĽ£һЩѧɣԽĲ˳ۡ
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ǰλһ΢˼ûз
һֱԵӭ˹һЦˣҵԶɡٲնѾ׼ˣϴêΣ
ǰλòôҲǴñӵ̨ٳϻ죬ٵһһ
һԶţٿԶšΪα˾ٵĵû´ԶϷڣվñֱϵɣʿк
ЦˣЩԱԶϷһһסԶɡһ·ţ¡
ЦŴһǧ˵ķԸԶǧŰֵˮ±ҲǿôٵεȻԶ˴Ҳǻӭġ֪Щֵܣűϴ
һͷɨһۣͿЦЦڰֶʹŶʮѧжӳԶȥˮȫĴǡѧһҲýĲбӡȻʽѵǶȻԼ¶ӡ
ֻǸ̾
ʿٿȥЩ뾭ѵѧǰװǻƵһˡЦǣǣ
һһЦﶼסʦǵ㽻飬ˡֻʣһ·˹ȥ
һ壬ɫͷȥٽڵʱ򣬵ȻһʯһվڶµҲ
һһ£׹վöƽһ񣺡˴ˣǽ
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һѥ̤ľƵļװ壬ƺҲơһŲĻ죬ƺʹԽ˰ꡣ
Զǣ˰й˵Ľᣬƺ˰ʹľ
һ̣ƺиԽ˰ʱ䣬߻졣
ȥԣãѪ
վŵģǵ


ʮ 
ԶŵĽ翪һѩ׵˻ֱ򶫡װϵˮǰڽвϰŰ󸱳½һˮǽŵĵװ
һվ޾棬ζĹ۲ѵĶڽβװˮڼʻչ׵Ĵ£ϰǲλ
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ξȻ鴫
ڸںʷ纣սʱ򣬻ϰ潵ܴĴˡ
һβѵЧɣڳ˽ɢͭڡϵɫɶһЩһ΢΢ͷ
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һֻ΢Цĳ͡һ·̹ˡֲڱˮʦ棬λء
ǿ֮Ŷӣ۹ɽõıˮʦšҲ˶ѡ
ڽʷϣּǿսľţ޲ԽʶΪɣװԶԿԽ׽⡣һУͳѹƶ۹ڲʶȴЩֺسΪĶ󣡶ˣԼҲججԼһ˴Խ徫ʶϴԵĴ۶Ṣ́̇Ǳȵ컹Ѱ
֮Ҳǵ˶ʮͶʮԽ˶ΪѪ춨ΪһִҲӵе۾
뵽һ̲סЩʧ˵Щʲôûôȥ˺ҲĬˡ棬
εʱŽŲ졣ԶϵһСܹһݳֽӹһ̲סЦЦ
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һĹȻǵΪȻɫǽˣû˵ʲôɷ羰ĻֻһЦһŵĳֽԶ
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֣ǲţĿԴɡԼܳﵽ˿ΪˮʦڣŻȻ֮
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תȥٹ죬Ҫձ

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ۿڳУλձейˡһձͶǴ½ĺġ
ٸСڳ岼ڸм䣬γһıܷêءشһձͳšڸۿһȴһ˹ҵҵ¾Ӵģʽ׺Сۿڵ¾ɵе顣ͷŰײӣ컹Ŷ̿㣬СձͷˣڴİСĻ
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ַɫĸˮ֣ڼװĴŴ򿪹ûжáѾԳ׷ͷĹȡԶԭ뵺ϵæֵöЩֵĸۿڡ
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ԶԶˮĴ£ĴʻêءһվڽŴ֮ǰĿǰһС
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ǰֲֵľ뱱ӵ۶ּסĿ˵֣ԽԽ
ĵ׵ĽȸУȴԽԽǿҡ
ˮ˽۵վһߣԶ侲´ŸֶˮҲ׼ȷִĿǧٶֵԶٶȣˮֱˮȥխˮĴԶں棬ʲһ㣬Ūˮ׼ȴҲһж׼ȷλصѣԶƻҪЩ
Ŵٷ⬼ͷһձСľΧЩСһЩɹڵŮڻ˴ƾɵӣȣͷšɵĲһˮԶԶľͳߺȽ˾ȻӲģһš
ЩˮСгġЩ΢Щеİѽö档βҲŷɫĵͷϼһЩû̵ĺͷŮˣ¶żͿú˷·Цû֦Ҳͷ־
ǵȦȣڳĺڻݡһһƣ;ŵθڡ
AVȻƭ˵Ķѽ
Զˮ缷˴ϱϣЩŮǴΡٶˡԶŵˮǶ͵ƽ棬ܿɫģԹԵĲҶԼĸλɾ͵ȥˡ
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һ͵ͬʱͷһۣû˵һȴ΢Цݣձ˰ʣıлձЩϰգˡŮӣһȻľתȥҪǵŮҪǵˡЩˣҧ֧ƴĽǸСĹңǴҲһЩǳǽꡣ浽ɱʱ򣬾ЩһҧһΪߣв齾֮
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ʦֻһЦѾεĴóһݵ籨ֽ˾ţǶĵ籨ҲǽǲҪ
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һԹһУŵȥվǶΪѣæĻͷȥѹԼˮ֡ɫҪγѪ
УҲһڳתͷҲǸɫʦֻǶҵԱǱˮʦŹܲɣ
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СԭԶĴͷɫĿһأ
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ϣĵĹ졣˼ʱ밲Ҿƽ֡
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˵תߣſڣȴǻͷһЦˣձ˵ձˣ̸Щʲôţ

¹ǩѺڣֻһͷɽ
ձˣһ·һ¹ݡ̸ЦҾãȻлɡһȴýġ
ձˣʵǶ
Ħʿձά֮󣬾һֱڹĴձڶǵ춨ˡ϶ձǴȻѡΪ˼Ĵ͵ʱձӴ壬ϡôһ빫šձŵȷ棡
ջ۵ڣձҰѾ൱Ӱö̸ɫĺôһ֯µһ֧ѣ
ǰձ꿴ţƺһҲʿʿҲû䱸һȴ֪ͷɽɹЩ¼
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ʵʷϣɽΪձڶǵİԾֲ֡ʷ飬ΪȾ־ʿ
ôһϼ޻ͷԸ棬˭Ҫë
ͷɽ΢΢ʾҪһ̸ʱ뿪ˣߵʱֻһһ
ģ
ûѣһҲø߸ߵġֻǸпЩܵ鱨޿ײ밡ŷӰ¼һϳ塣Щձӣ¾綤ԼԶžձϢ̽ף
ͷɽЦӣҲ΢΢Щ棬һԼ˵ʲôţ
һͷɽȴ΢Цһһ
ǳǸ뿪ʵ̸ĵطֻΪڳɹҰ֮ʿϹӢһ𡭡״󸻹Ҫ͸˶ѡ
΢ЦһϰߵĻҪ޿ޣʽĴӻȡһ˫ֵݸһ
һվӹһʱЩȻ
ձɣ¹뿪Լ̸Ҳֻǵһеܹݵĸ֮˵һ״󸻹͡ձʲôܸˣڱԶԶЩسɱȡͷɽһô֣ص£ĵʲô⣿
ֻǳһһʺϯʱҲǵ䡣Щһˡ
ͷɽֻǺЦһһ˼΢ЦǾ߶ˡͷɽлʢ롣
ͷɽһϹЦ˽գ֪ǵ꣬Ҫ⡣ڴ˵ˡ
˵תԹԵľȥˡ
һӰûıȸָһҲǩѺźͷɽϹǶ֣һæ˹ˣͷɽ˵ʲôˣ
һ˸ղΪʲôҪ뿪߲Ͷˣ¹ݣͷɽҲû˵ʲôϵ𻰡
һ˵Σٺ١⽻¶Ҳǲòǵһλġо仰ˣˣʲôֶζʹóåǳԿԶˡˣҲǰһ䡣
֪å¹ݣǩѺղίԱ𻰣ֱ׼ţһҲʵôֵֵܻҪȥһ£һ·ΣҲˣǡ
ֻҡͷһ뿪¹ݵĶ¥ûڱһ䣺ǸղˡҲ֪ǣôģ
ԼĿͷһŶͿžСͨææµµСѾͷáδһ·մ˵ͻġһŴæöͷһʱСͳЦ
һ󣬻ձҰСѾͷĶʩһΪæûüӱýƸӹֻһԶŶǺͳʩã˽Ҳ̲סЦ绨
ԿŴүͳųŮ绨Цա
ӯӯʮŮԼЦһӵ˼Ҳ˾ȥˡԽʱôһôײǸͷ죬ؼҾϡȻǰ𡭡
ŶžһװСñæµؿڶίýġഺҲס»ЩϾӣǲǳᣬˣ
ԼһɫǴԽĴء
룬̲סЩааž̧һүģԭĻƻŮСһűǾ˼һǵͨ졣
㡭ĶʰˡˣҪ·˳ʲôԸûУ
⵱ĶԲϣһε̾ҪӲʮŮϴеҪʱСѾͷ˿ڴϳָͷͰưˡ
ֻڴ£º͵ʵձоΣ
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һ΢ЦŮӶ˼ôͲ߶үȥΣձ˵ʩοûϡ
žСһŲñϻСԽ߽ͺԽҪγѪҲơ
ɡǶӵĵؽҪʩЦ
һǽߵ˼޴뷨ˣһðֻһһһ
аʱȴ졣öžһ̶ĸϽԶһ̾һϳ
ǻ壬ү⼸ʮԱÿʳõĲ˽ǲǸˣ죿
ûԵžһ׮飬⼸ʮԱһ·һ顣¶һһһ̾
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ҹɫ˳⡣һѶѵĴͷųɶ飬صԼļᡣÿǰĵܺĦ¶ŹƷֵĴǴ·Щһձ˻ѱųĶ飬һӽһӵš
Ʒ彣죬һյյĵȼ˽ֱߵú·ߵձСƹݶǵƻͨ洫ǴͲйôҲϰߵձ͸衣¥ڳֵĦš洫ȴӵͷ˵Ц
ӡԼֵĺµձ·ߣȺ˵ٻʽҲʯ·ҡһ·Ľ̤елĻ£·ձ·֮࣬ľϹȥά²ʮ꣬Щ嵱ΪЩη
һһۣűñ·ŵľǶž顢塢ݡˡһ·µĴԶԶĸǺģձ졣֪𱣻ǼӵΡ
·ɢЩˣһͷݺͳЦûУڷԼѣǾӵģǴУҪˣ
΢΢ͷӱĴǰһСȴЦձ룬˼ҲʹһǱϾСֻҪǲӣǺĲǵġ
һһǺЦҪǳأ
¿ҲҪ۸һʱˣϧ̾ҪǶüþգҲ鷳һЩҪ治³ֻбصȥҿƫִֻǲЩİɡ
һͷЦЦͶЧԼļһ˼ͷףҲǼ졣ϧ̫һЩҪģǻҪݾͲ˵ˣ渺һ˿׼ͷǽԷʹõؽΣֻиһܿˡ
Ȼͬˣôѵģ
ҡҡͷ·ϵ֣ʱǰӷҲƵĹˡ
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ͬʱϹȺȥʱ壬èǰܡ̬ȾһͷžСΣһ˫۾ˡ󿴣ձ찴ñӣҲܸںְúܡ
ЩձˣǲҪǻȥչǵĲбǾִ棬úõź˰ɡ˵嵹˵Ǽ¡
Žֵһ·ǰУûаӵĹ򡣾Ѿһǰ档صĴǰ棬ͷɽͼͷɫձˣſڵȺ򡣿һԶԶľ;Ϲǡ
ӸϽҲϹһ³һͷЦͣæһ˵ԪǡЩīӥһҪձСԪʱһˣһ²ʮձҵӡɴ۾ӥæָľһϹһƮƮͷɽԶԶľͱȭ֣ͷɽҿ˰
ͷɽҲЦøһ׼ʱ⽵ɵʵԣ
˰ѱ۶Ц·ѡһĪ⡣˵ʲôӾǷܣ˵ʵʲôȥɡ̰Сձǵ
һѣձеһ仰һϹǡһЦӯӯĽ˵
·ҫȴǺɭɭġɽʯںڰձͥԺеСµĸ֡ľƻһ·ǰУŲûðĵﵽ죬գձϵЦݶɭһŵ壬ĵıӣҲֳֻ
һתۣǰȴһƬƻͨĴ̨գʽ͵Ĳš׷۵ռ˱ӣǵķ
Ǵʽķʢȣ˪ţ⣬ޣİµǹƬӣ˾;棬ڵͷɽЦݲͣ룡


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ƹѲ˹ζǱһź棬ȴԷֱ֮໥ľ衣ռ˵ӰУƿ񻧳̲ƣȥûһ룡
ݺͳＸǳһڣͺЩǶһۡΪľ١ǵȻ֪ڳʸЩáЩԲԵļЦ⾯ñ˭ߣԼڳʲôûô⡣
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ڶž飬СѾͷ棬ֱͷ̧ЩģͷŹֵˣƶơֻǵͷԶƬԲˡֻСʢһûһڵСţ¸һš
ϯ֮ϣֻһͷɽһǶ̸Цòˡ
ͱһݣƼûУװݹҲǱͦ絶Ĭɨ˳һۣЦ
Ĵ㡣
ʲô㣬ǴװɵƭٳԵġСձǡֲôԼĶӣҪװһ㺣ܲҲԼһ

ͷɽһֱЦһһԼ֪Ķ˵޲Ů˶ӵʱͷɽվˣ֪ܲôһᣬ̸̸
һһ۾һתЦԸҲͷɽļԱϹʾ⣺Ǹ
ձͷӣеΰ࣬Ⱦѣȴǲ١
ݺͳĿⶼͶһһͦҪվһȴĿʾ¡ͷɽһ͵ƣͷǰ·ƹ磬ԺȥһվϹ͡
һЦЦںĸ磬Ѱ˼Ϸ⣬ʲôţ
˳úţԺϣѹһյյǵĽŲҹɫһζ
һת۾һԺſڡͷɽʽһ¡һһͷŮѾţͷҲ̧ݷĵƹһɢһǵ˺һ¶
ٶһͿţһ֮ͥͥڣɽˮܵ׺ͥյ޴ķľͰڵСͷŮӽȵʯ鲻סȥƣڵƻڱáŮӹһԣﶼ̣ƿ̲ɫ̣ƿеëľ춼Ѿڵ롣
ǰһѶձݺݺ࣬һɴ۾ͷɽԼţ
ͷɽЦʾ⣬ơͷŮ¡
ҪɣˣڲͷɽһľͰȻӾջһʱ˼ЩƪͻȻǰȴһйεСѾͷ˳һģһĵƻµһ㣬ȻΡȻйǶ˫߷ϡһ΢΢һЦ¶˻Ѿͷʮ֪ͣͷɽһձС
εĳշ˷۾Լ˫صˡ
ձСѾͷ½Сϣ˿˿ġǶܹôйʽ۷ѵľͰһùġ
֮֮һƨٲȻֱȥһձŮæĽ̤ľͰϣźԡǱͷɽˮĽľͰëϣȻԵõš
һŵıӣʱһһˬüҪԽرйϰߵ֮һϴ̫١µԡĻձⶥʯʱǸҶţתͷȥ͵۴ͷɽɫױʲô˼
һ֮£ͿźͷɽձŮڿ½˿ȿӺ׼źԡƻ֮£ձŮ˵ӰĻۡҺ
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̺֮࣬ŮѾ̵ãһСӹݵһĴߡ
ܵ˶ʱͷɽͻȻЦˣɹǲǻпɲ֮
һҧݣǡǡСأܼ𻰶Ѿˡ
ͷɽſڷͰϣȻ걳Ȩϥжһ˶ѡϸ۹Ӣܣ´ܿ˷Ҳһ˶ѡǰǰϸϸ޷ǶС˺ӱԼرУϸϸ˵˳ڶ仯еã֮˶֮翴飬סʿ
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˼ſǵһֱŵҶˡûһηηβлжؽڵģһЦſ˫֣һ§һС㡣ˡ
ʿôҵҹϣ۽֮ʿĳʬλزͣͷɽ˿ޣúء
ͷɽֻ΢ЦҲ˱úأڶղ塣ȴڱеһҪǰȥáʵԴղ壬ǿԺͱµġȻλ𣬵ǰչٳƣǹܲ˵ô
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һֻЦָͷĦǰ˳ŵɫǹƽ͵ձͷӣµĴ󻭱ǰ̧ͷһա
ЦƿӣСŮӵɴ۾ĿһĴӷ˳ùһԵ·Լ԰ãȴǾ֮Ұ
ͷɽӷվˣ
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ɫһڿıɹɹģҪףǰ⼸ӣԶǱɹǵı֣մʢдһôһ䱣Ļ


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ͥһʱסֻˮĵЩձŮӣһǶСġ֪һôͻȻˣͷɽɫΪʲôֱôѿ
ͷɽĴȷջһҲһĿɲԡ£δز±롣
Щձ˵նôĺȥԼѳֵסֻһʼһǵԴԴԼôܾٲˡʷôӣ˵˧أɽļռūڽ֮󣬶ΪԼӦԣ磬֮Ÿ˿̰бձ˲׷֮¡һվˣҲֻдӸ˿ѵӣ
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˵ˣ棬Ҳһ񱶼ûС
ͷɽ㶵Ŀһ˹Ĵ·ɫ仯ֱ仯ȻҲһƽǺһЦҲ߳ľͰ΢һʾ⣬Ů͸Ͻ·
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£СӣǶԻǴߣ⽫δһµĵ֣
һʱ䣬ͷɽվǶЩסߣȴһЦ÷á

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ͷɽһЦɵܹˣкͿ˶˵ĵ
һЦһ£ͳ׾ǵָɡǱ£Լûöˡ
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ռ˹˫ֽֽʷϣһչϺõֽϾһӶ͡˶Ŀɡ
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˶һۣһ˷ܣһȴеΨ²ҵӡʱǸֽչ
ֻĸֶڳձûһϵõġȻǡǲĸֶձȫɫ䡣ͷɽһɫ
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ڼҴڣǼ
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ֻǽһȴҪӱ˼עˡһϤٳЩ޹ţԲͬһһﰡ
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һͷã
˹Ȼʿ´ѽһһȭұۺǰڳһжλơһЦٴξٲžͻȻһ
һǳһתͷȥЩձҲŮӵɫѿò˵ˡǾȻղźһŮƽϯԷ
ž촽ýģϸüֱû˵һĵ˵ͷҲա
žǿĲãܴſһɫһһ΢΢ͷž飬ϰɡŵ


ʮ ϼ
žһСᲽ볡ССѾͷ˾ȻһȭƵʽһǽڶˣžžľһ졣ˡ°Ͱţ¾͸ҰѾͷıˣ˼ܶǴһ˲ǲɣ
ӽǰԲ̽һƽ
һԱţܾе㲻̤ʵĵ߶壺£š
岻ɫֻҪһߣ͹޿ޣ׹ãүֶϧĹѾǳɫˡǶձӣ𿴳ʵȣ̰ڳǱСֵĹܣ¾ܳ
˻ڻƽžȴȻһ建ҡͷձӵļʽƺǽлһĹܣűһµСžأֵСӮ
ֳ˵Ķȥһ²ִƶԶžСѾͷҲȫġ
ۿ˱ƽ˶һͻȻһ˺ѷΡȻŵľȫȫݺݵֱ˶žйأٶȣôܰ׳һһ²Ծȭͷи˵
žȴ΢΢ĳ˰벽ʱ룬䲻ݷ־͵ס˵ĸ첲ָͷͿⲿؽ棬˵һ֮СѾͷҧšϸϸüë̵ľˣһһж
죬žѾ֣һӯİתббȦӡѾײײ˳ȥžٸϥ䴦һţС°ɣ
һѾڵءһ˲䣬Ѿͷ亹飬ȴҧסݲгϼŤüٿұۣѾ򴦣ⲿˣղſǶžһ˲ժؽڣ
Ѿͷֿ治飡һɴ۾ŶžСվһߣûɵһҪԼִûסһǿСѾͷַһ¡
һ󣬳ѾһĽкóڣӱһֱĬսЩŵǼ̲סʱ˳Ǹһֱסʹļһ˻ȥ
žǣһҲͷɽɫͷӣȻǲɫ˶һۣһʵһЩĻ˳ĺͷһ˿ϳ֮ǰľߵŽѾӾ߽Уͬ΢΢˫ֽһǰһһҲƵļӳֻǶŶž顣
һͻȻ˿Ҳùؽڵĺֶүϣ
һɫһûüžѾȥкֱ˵ļؽץȥ
˵һ죬ž˫Ѿļؽڣһַ֡áת˲֧첲ͽһڻо˱ϴһסžɫͰһҧ촽˶죬һžҪһɾ֮
Ķֲû˴ϼʮغϵĵ־һûüģ˾žѾ㲻ȣѾһת˹ڿ޷ȴܼ辢һһ죬Ѿž˳ȥͿžһմؾͰԼұ߶ļһѾɷס촽ҧˡұ߼ţһǸ«ͬժ˹ؽڣ
սˣһкáһȭͷͷɽĿҲȻͶȴҲֻܵһЦ
һһ۽ǣ³žߣץס첲һһ͡һ죬ͽǽͽ˼ѡһ۵öž鶼˹ȥۿתȴҲסСѾͷһ˼ʱһˣ
ϰ֮ˣмĸ꣬ûн̹㣿ξһѵ
ٲȻ̸书¶߽Ĺ£һҷ緶첻µزµĶž飬Ҳֻܵͷѵ
ѵһ仰תǻ׿Ȼȥɫкιĸ첲ˣţ
˵žͰպͶžһģһļʽȥؽڡҲúܿ졣ɫһǵֲŴϣͱһ˫ͬ˹ҲһоȴסǸ첲ڸգ޴ʹ죬ͬò̡򵥵ĶǸѸݣ֪ǧ˶á
ǽź֮ھǰһһӲӲĺײϡֻȭӡһ߰ɣ˱ڼҴֽгھӺͶߵķһɳȥ߰˲Զ
һ̲סҪվʷأĩЩڼҺֶһʽܽ˺ȥʮĳ棬ȻľǰԵѪͬҲڷڣ
¡һѾԼ˶ѡʹľȸղǼһࡣ¾һҽгڡԱ߻ȥ߸첲Ĵˡһ֧첲סֻ֣ڱȭһͬʱտţž鱨˳һժ߶Ĺؽڣ
ͷɽվһҲЦͷɽɫ仯һ¶΢ЦȻƽͣ²Իˡ
ǣһƬصĴϢһ۾ˡһһˡݣž黹壬ҲʾĳǶӡ
һһЦЦЦո߻ᣬǿգͷɽյҹһҪֵҲԾ֮ꡣ˵֣ҡҡڰڵĴȥ
ǺԽԽأĶһıӰղ⣬ŶǲֽͶ˵
˶ڿͷɽɫͷӣȴֻɫࡣ

߳һ˿ڶҹҡͷ΢Цһᣬˬˬˡͷɽһֱãķ̽Ҳ˿ա
Сӣڱõ˼ҲҪͷɽϯ˵ܸо̤ʵһЩ
ġСձƲ˹ϵҲһ׮¡Զǽԭձ˱ڳſڣǵǾǲԵѧɵӡʱʱҪԼһһξӪɿ˺ģ̸õء
ձôԸžǡɴȥδļƻҲкôⶼǽ¶
߶Ķž飬Ůɫɷ׵ġ۾ģ۳ˮûɡеͷɥһ΢Цôүϰҩơ
žһʱ죬ˣۡ
һ΢΢һЦͷ죬ͻȻһ棬ҿˣ
˭ĸһɵһĶݵ¿ִˣҳͶëǶ߹ݣȥĴϲ˵ﻹֿ˻
Сһһͷ΢ЦſԼͷԣ˼ѵ£΢Ц˼ˣǡҲñˡձۻĿ˿ǿɵñ˼⽫ǡմУ
ձĶҹյУüԶƮƮ죬ֱҹա


ʮ 
Ԫһ˾꣬ϵĲжδšϷеʪ䣬һ㺮⣬ƺҪ档
ɽ棬һȴͷδñӣź¯ȻԵõţһ¯Ļ棬һֿͷ¯һ²裬Ķ渡
绹ԶԶûеõʱΧֻˮ¯ϷݵССң·Գأ徲˼
ѩδͻȻ˽Ų֨֨ѩصٶ٣ֱһ£ȻչЦɸ𳾣λͣɣ
ʹͬĺǺǴЦһƣͼ˽ѩһ·϶ѩ࣬϶úͨͨġһžţһЩĴʮĸñɽЬһţ죬¯Ĳ
ֱЦҵ鷿ôһ֣֮˹Ľɸ㴩Ьʲô
ǰһӢǸһЩģƺҪһЩͬĿڵǿûôּؿܣԺԡնд£Ҳ֪ôôסµҪ±ߵģЬӣѥôôɽߵ·
꣬Ǿ粨֮һ·ݽؼҵ̷ͬӵܣ˺ϣ˭ίˡ峯͢Ҳͻȥꡣ峯ӣɱϵȶûˡĹϵΪ鷳Ƴ´󼪣˭ǸͷĿ̷ͬǲʵӡ⹦򣬵ܵĵطٲ̵ӣ̡
ðѩǰݷ̷ͬģѣһб꣬һƲųŰι֮Сںϴѧʱ˶֮һʡ̷ͬʱҲĿƾ٣֪Ϊʲô̷֮ͬⷢҲؼҶ̸꣬ȻǱ߽꣬ѾһϢЩ꣬ȫءϷᵳţ
̷ͬԴӾѾ¡𽥳֮󡣼ֱ˺λֵܣЩӾڲϺݷ̸ƺڷ̽ջ̷ͬһҵ
ӵıȥץһ֡ʹһЩƲųЦãëƢ֪ĶմġûøЦ
һЦǸͷһЩӣҪǴ⣬ȾƣƲôЩһ£ﻹһϰ
̷ֻͬǺЦǳλᵳɽõĴͷںһɽͷʱͺͼǧͬʱˤ룬ͬһ塣
ЩϷŻᵳǵǰᡢܻϣ½ңҲ𡣶һЩҽȷе˵ûб嵱ֵĸ󻼡
λһѰҳ·Ǻ׵ġЩᵳȴԸ
̷ֻͬ΢ЦƲųͱһۡɫһ¶֣ʱҲǷＤҵµĻôһΪԸȼһЩû뵽ȴ࣬̽̽ȥȻ˼
ƲųֻСС¿ͻȻŵһһֶһЦȥұˡİǿϺֶĿ
ƲųЦֶף֣ôˣ
̷ֻͬЦϷһĽؼģֶʵЩǸԼҲЦԼ˵Ŀй˵ЩĽλѣͽˡ
ϺϺ֣ЦʵĵѣȻʲôʶ
̷ͬһЦ˶֮䷨ά£Ϊʥ´ͬ
΢΢ҡͷֲøҪдͬˡλϺ̸ֵˣ˭˲Ƶľ棬㳯͢пΪô⵽Ҫά£ǶӦúúö˼һ°
̷ͬɫһ䣬ƲųҲ˱һۡëӣǳס
תͣͼ̷̧ͬЦ𳾣˵ˡǵ˼Ҷס룬ǲܴҵġԪ˥΢ѼˣΧһȺǻӡҩɾҪȵˡҩͲһţһʱΧǿɾˡ֮Ǹ˵˼ȴǿߵ·ɣǶףҪ仯ʱˡ˾˵ǡ
˶̷ͬȴɷЩӣҷڶ˵ŷӰ¼ĵáά£޲˷Ĵ³ʿΪѧձΪ־ʿĴ֮£糱֮һʰˣ̷ĳԸѶҪȥĴĹ
˶һۣͬʵô
̷ͬһЦϺ磬¿һҶݣƸȥʡⱨݱһϤ˰֣ȫĴˡҾ͸۶£ȥźƵ¶ȥˡλ˸־Ҳǿһ·λ֣ҲҪԵĻǰ
˵˵أƶ˶õŵ£˺ЩˡҲ֪ǿ󡣶վЦǾף̷һ˳ˡ֮䣬˴ա·ǶԵİɡ
̷ͬЦЦĿ⵱ɷҲЦվ֣룡ʮ֮ԵԹ۷

ԶԶձ飬յĹã붼ýֻһССúˮĹ
ͱΪһֽ籨´ǽп졣ܴȸ߼һЩĹȻҲǵ·
ֻеȾԼĹٲ֮ڡд֣Ҫڼװɢſӡ
ձǴҹһ֮󣬾û˶һŶžЩڳĴй䣬еúܡմ磬֪ôҲ˳ΪǸ͡ҳӳɹ飬Ҫ˵лֵİˣ¹ݵĹԱһԱҪ͵͵ĸһ´Ĵ
ֻ£һЩҪ㱨ڵıš쵣ֻձֳʲôòƨɡϣ󡣺жϵ
˸˼УӵҲ÷ɿ졣תѶڶҪŴˡ
磬վ¹ݴǰ棬סĿ¹ڣĵǶӻ
ʱĻ֣ôô
֪˶ãͿͣ¹ſڡŲӵձ򽫴СİһͶž壬аֵĳӳ
¶ʱҲƵĴ¥һˮ·ĳֽˣˣˮǱе籨
һ˳ŮӹֿһžɽҰҰѾͷȻǹ˫Ŀ⡣Ҳϸϸ۲һʱձĴʣ͵ʱòֻ˴С˲٣Ҳ۵ᱳʹ
ĥ¹ݸһ£ʰҴү¶³ȴͿ⿴ǿ΢ЦӦܵñʲôĸ˹
æǰӭЦˣʲôˣ
Ҳ˲˵æĽֽ˹һӹһҲ
ɳӡצˮһУˣѼӡ֣ҲԹ˼˼ĽίԱƿӹˡ˱תţšؼɣ˳갲
ʱһУѾһʯͷء̨һղãҲһùǺձҲҲˣҲˣˣ»¿ʰʰؼң
ȴû⵽һɫѾƺҪˮƺ뵽ʲôʹһ֮󣬲һˣղ¶ˮ¹ܲͷϣҲһġ壬ž飬ʰ׼ʱϴ
ˣһĲ⡣
һֻǵһЦһȥˣ


ʮ ִ
Ϻĺ棬Ͳƺһ
ˮһ̺ӣһӿ˹̺ڻһգ۶ǹâгǳȵĿĿȥ·߿޵Զ
һС׺׾ĺ棬ÿСǴִ̣ɳ̲ס·ҪӵżһʽķӺ߾Ǵİơվڽ棬һ쿴Ϻɫƺ롣
ˮǶζŴģһѧȴǱˡÿ춼˸߲ҵڼװ٣Զָָ㡣϶ϲز档žŮӲͷ¶棬ÿ춼۰Ͱ͵ڷյСϴڳ⿴ÿһطգһһԹͰͶġΪһŮϱѾСŮˡʩڻڱ磬ָһƸء
ղžһû̫飬Ϻˡ
жܸ㵽ֶϣҪͺˮ죬ҪǺ͵̸ʱڷȫתȥµ˼
ǰ׳ϺɫȻûа֣ܽ˼
ֻܳɹʧܵѹȻЩء
һģڴϾׯ壬춢ˮִԱǹһ˼ҲӦƺǱ˾֮ˮּ
һֱˮŵľڵʱצֳϡĻ˾۾Ϊ󣬻˿Ҳࡣ֦ɢҶĸ壬Ǵצ۷ֳȥġãצΪں˶ʮͣ𽥵Χƶ
צһԴӺ˲ڰǰ˻˶ӵĽ֮󣬰귱ϢʱǿĵطǷȥֳؾõĴ󲿷֡ڰֳ񵱾ֵľ裬ڵĵӵС͵ģǿšԻ츳ڷͣڼз쵱зչ׳
Ϊʷצ۵ĻŸЩֳصĻšӱأͬ˻ֻڴ¼£ӡ֧һתڲõֵ֧ʱ
Ļ壬ӵӴʲӰΪߵıأֳ񵱾ͬ²Ĳøֶηֻ֮һɱһɧõĸɢ黯أ߱ǿв֡ϸһǸʱյңĸûһõӰӣ˵¼ӵ900ԪĵҿعɼţǴצ۷ֻһ֡
1965չˮɱ30˺ʬӰͬڽӡ֧ǣŵܸ˱Ͷɵ֮д˶ʮͽ̡ãΪ˵֯ޡ
ǿϧЩǰ磬һ˫־ӪôһݼҵɻȦǵѪᣡ
һվڽ棬ĿԶֻ̾һ
ýŲĴ߽ȫǺ飬ƹӴñȻһ˿һ̾ɫľת۾
һͻȻʵ֣÷ǹ㶫ˡǰָˡһһлĻˣô
ת˼һһۣˣﶼǻˡѪĶ˸Ĳġÿαָۣͬдûл˵ġǶҳıǿʮȥһεֲʱֻڻǰȴЩ
ɫҲһ£Զƺ⡣
һҡҡͷҡҡͷǲû򶯰ֻԼȴԽԽĵĺѪҲɡҪôܸϣأ
ɫһĬһ£ԶԶȥҲ֪ڿЩʲôĻȴģצۻ֮Ҳ˸ˣ˼ͶһЩҲӲһЩűұҼŶˣצûгﵽʲôġſհ׹ȥ˲ʮӳ֣Ρ㻹ǲҪʲôϣǣ
һҡͷЦЦӲദôЩӣƢϰߡûôԸͲǵˡֻת⣺ȥˮ׼ͣ죿
㣬ڳҲӵ籨ˣˮʦ˵еţͣͣһЩúպ͵ˮȫˡýˮҲҪ졭ͣ죬ҲͷŴˡ
ͻȻº͵ЦЦЦݣϼѵüһ·ͬУࡣ˺ЩˣǲһģЩӣֿһ顭ձĹݣҲ˵ˡԲװûִŮϴ¶Ҳеڶˡ
Ȼ֪ž¶һʱϾ˵亹ǿЦЦתͷȻţšצк֣һֱءҵҪƣжôţѵһκϪ
һʲôϪ
һԶ棺һǰɣǻǬ¡ʵ۵ʱ򣬺ֳ񵱾ֺ͵צάһһɱһ໪ˣʬˮСϪΪ֮һ졣ΪϪҰ֪Ϣ࣬ʵĴǡ쳯񣬱®Ĺ˱ȡ쳯Ųʡٶ꣬СңСɧҲδϾѵ֪
һڽ˵Źʵ۵Ĵãû˵治һסԶһֱ͵ؽ֪ƽջలϪ޲ҵڵգԶڸڣһôû˵Ϊʲôû˵
ЩˣƽЩž͹ˡ˭һ
һŵϿңֵ֣ܳС¡ֵ˽Źͷ˭Ҳ֪ŵʲôĵزֵίԱͷҪģѪֵԶԶˮһͣգ壬ֻڴ֮ڣ󣡡
ֻǳĬԶĴ֣ȴ¶
ʱ˾ϺҲ벻˽˵С

ʮ¶ʮգצ۵ڶˮ˸ۡ
ԶԶѩ׵˻ʻڡˮ治ۿˮխ᫣ˮۣҪˮ
϶վˮ֣Щ಼ͷ׳ڴͷҲһЩ˵צ۾Ʋȡ뿴Լͬʲô顣ˮǵУŴʽƷһԱһɫصĴǰ
һ͵վ޾棬ԶǰһС
ˮ۾չǵǰ
ˮɳףĵ֣µ֣¼ޣѾΰ׳һҵĵؽС޴ͱҫ۵Ľ⣬ƺ˵λҵ󡣵ؽľƣһζһЩȫͳʽйլԺ׺УΧЩؽЩլԺԵ󡣸ۿڵĽȫǰɫС¥͵ŷֳطζٽ⣬Ե쳣ࡣ
ˮΧˮһ죬ڴ½ǱѩƮĵȴǷӿŽɫĵˡһͷ԰ֲ԰԰飬ǡɼ˴ķҪǣũׯٷ֮߰ʮǱơ
һƬͼķﵱУԶĲĪɽΡȻǰĴ󺣵С
϶ǵ洬滧С飬ŹŰ׷ٽ緹ʱ򣬴ڸ𡣼¶еζڸۿĺϡ
Ȼһ
֮£ۿΧƺһжˮָɫ˵ַǷָһԶԶƮ˹
ֻÿαֲзűڣʨĶҲӰΧЩצ۵滧ҲٲЩ棬ϵĿ⣬֪ôЩ䡣
ۿڵУҪ¾ЩĺѲڱ任êءֳȴˮĺˮſ棬ԶûµĶһʮ׿²ڡѲ󽢣ЩҪêԶԶɵıˡ
һֻǾһУԱͻȻûУѾͷˡüһţ
˵žһָһĿҲת˹ȥȻͷѾϤĴٷųŲӴñӵĹٶƵƵĲϵȺߴİ˾ԱţдġһаֵƽñΧվš
һЦðұĸ߸Ʈ֡Ŵڳһ顣˹ȻˡۿΣʲôóţ
ûлش𡣽Ųŵ죬ת۾Ϳһװ˽ƽؾһȻ󺹣Ǿһ˿ˣǶ׼ˣ


ڶʮ ˮ
ѳУǻ㶵êкźµϼפˮ峯£ΪѵĿЩ׳ӡˮȴϴڳһŵ´ˡŰӵſʲôһ
ΧЩ𷢱ۣӸߵ˵ĺֳعԱɫһúܺáʱڣѲáô˵Ŷצֳصֶĵ¶
ƫƫûЩķӡˮʦѲҷ󣬸ۿͣýṇֲ̀ҪǲǱͣ˵ֳصֶΰʧȥƿôצٽæˮϿҪ̴ֵͣˡ
ڳ׼ӭӵĻ˵ȣ־һͬúˮȫ׼ãӱϽװ궫ˣ
Щˮ峯±ǻģ£ǵŻ̸ͨԱȥǨȲȱġҪ̵ͨǮ鷳ʲôĽ档ҪţҪơϵҲǲϵŵġ
Ҳˣűĵ籨أԼһ¶ƫƫϻһ˵ģܲŵղίԱڣ
ôͷʲôӣ߸ɴǳʲôӳɶǺġں½⡣Щ˸ӣҲһܣ׼óԺúȵдһ·ˡ
֮ͷϵŵ鶼ô
ûêϣļ鴬źཱུĿ˹úҲڳϡһѶѵĵؿųಲ¶ݺݵС쳤˲ӵſ֡ЩѪĹͷ¶ŰӺٻѲӣкһӵϵװ
ɴ۾ʱ򣬾ͿԶǰΦͻȻźģһƣɫͱüӱѿ
Զϣ
ŵ峯󺹵ĿǶһɧҲɵ¿šͻȻžžԶװڡһţӾٶָӵˡеϵĲǹժͿ֪ˮ²æͨ볯צʡ̹ܶУͣǡղίԱ̡ɽԱ˵ͷ룬ʾ֣ذ֮ŵĲņ̀ڣյģǿŵġֻҩûеӡ
ͷ󺹵ָֻŵĽͣԽͷԽҡͨҲ̧ڳࡣλ̹Уɫô̯ôʹ
һ׾ʮĴ֣𷢱۵УǰǸһݵİС¡ֻĺ˺ߣԼѾʪİ׶
ֳص򣬹Ȼŷ˵Ľ
Ȼ̧һʿӵһᶥԻ͵ԱԶĹܴҲᶽĺ춥ӣ嵶ǹԱ档
˳ʹĵطһղΪµѾǴһƷٹҲܳǰҵĿⶼԱϡ
һٷôôеŤҲǺġôҲûЩղٶׯģһĵЦĺߵ˵ʲô֮ʮĺ춥ӲûС߾赽Ʒ̨ӾһƷܺ˶ӡǶʮ꣬Ϊּ̨ղίԱģǾ޽У
¹ٶһۣڰ̾£Ĳšתһֽȵȣԣ
ǵɫҲһһѿ½һ£ŷ֣λղԱʲĶ飬ȻмʮˣЩ˶ʽ룬ĽýݣԴԴ£ȻһС;ӵӣ
һվڶ鵱УԱ飬ɱȳӴһЩԶˮҲ̨ľԱ
͵Ͱ鶨ԶëΪͷˮɫһĺܡԶˮԱ鵱У׳ˮʲôģҪίԱΪǰһ֣
ģҲֻôˡһĹܴʣαӵָӹ٣ҲֻװšһҲûָܵʲôϵ
Ĭӿ´һЦǰҲЩˡֱżɫε¶ȥЦԶԶ͹ʩ
ȻղίԱղ󳼣ܴ񡣲ˮ²һʱһ񣬲һæļйֶǴһǧվֹ֣һ·ˣ
һǺЦºͣ಻࣬¶̸õʲôࣿ˹أλϸкӦ֪λϸ磬ֵܰĶ
ЩɫѿĺˣֿĶ飬һﾭѵ䱸ѧԱͷȻŵõһıֱ롣ЩЩ䱸ѧԱ۽󿪣θ˵û¶һ͸ǽѧγ̣Щ̹˵ġҲԵһ˵õҲǱ档ҲûٸһӣǿߵĶǸˣ
ϵĺݶ񫡣һţͷҪ緸˵ӡæ΢Ц˵йݣȻǰͣͣܶҪڹˡֻǱûϵ˵Աôٺ٣ô׳ۣ֪
һ΢ЦղίԱǣҵԱ㲻ʹݶѵǾͲ̤ЩؽϸĻδ̫ûе
𻰼䣬ͼ̹С󲽵˹ֱһһʾ⣬Ѿ粽һ¾ڵ̹ǰһ׾һƾʱͶһ̹Ȼߴ󣬵⺷˿Ҳ𷢾ٵվϷȥһǿӲƱȳ滹һ˼ףǴԶŵ
̹һѾָӵ档һͷҲصĺͲţĲ¿߶Сæһ첽ĹȥǶצʡܶţˣҪᣬҪᣡ
һͷǲأһݣ
һЦȥվض鵱УûĴָצ۵ͷʣϲ
̹ظֱ첽߽úһ¡һתȥͷ󺺡˵£ǡ
¹ݵͨС룺˵ˣôԱ飬ҶǾݣϹأֻ˽ˮ
һЦЦԵѼۣһٸ鷳ءôˮ˳ģǵóҲɡ˴ˣ
һҪЦЦӣһкæӦһڣ
һЦղίԱǣԶǳ͢ıǣ
ش˵Ļǣ
ǳɣǼرԳ͢ķʡЩʲôʱҵĲʹ꣬ʲôʱԶԶ뿪ˮ˴ˣ˵˵ͨ
ҧţĵش˵Ļ˵ͨ
峪˫ɣȻˬ
ͨԭԭ˹ȥͲһЩ¹Աɴ͵ͷǱģЦ
̹Ƕһ˫Ű׵΢΢û峯Աɣһʱ䣬֪Ƿããһ˵ǰЦúܿɶļһҲڴϲߡ⽻ʹڵݣûӲϵĵǷԶԶѲǿмٸװȫйˮ
Сʮˮһǧ˰ʮֵѲȻԶԶŮʱµ濪𡣵ǱϾһ鷳鰡
Щվñֱľ׳֮ʿУ¶˾ġЩ飬ܶ˲İɣ
ǻˣӣһɶ
ŵɶЦݺͿ޲࣬ľһ֣ίԱ£ӭˮܶѾڹۡ磬ϣ̸ܺһ¡ҲϣϲС
һЦźֶͶЩԱأ
̹Цһ˸ƣ˼ȫСһЦЦãֵ͸ܶ˵ȥ


ڶʮһ 
ˮֳֵظۿڳеӵͻ
ǼüӿӿĸַɫŰɫļƷĸˮ֣ñӣڽͷֱײ˻߻Ѫľ죬Ŷ̿㣬ŰɫȣҲ»εƮˮһ㣬ţ̵ζǴųಲĵˡӣ붼һѰ䵶ġ
ΧֵĶṆֵ̀ƻӣǻĺĲСǴѾƺηЩʲôص⬼һѾŵĵſڣഫϵ̾Ҳ֪һ̸Щʲô
ϻУĿ⵱УȻ洫۶ŵĶҢ֮˴֮֮⣬ӦУһܳ֡
⬼ſֳֻؾſڴǡЩ죬һЩװϵĻˣųһվſںǶӡ
ˮţζȴȴŵһҲơ
ͻȻֶŵɻ̧ͷƺо˵洫˽ŲûĴԶȻԽԽ޾ɵİѲٶƸ˰ɫҬľñ
ŲԽԽתۼǾͿһȺƤ꣬ʽľװȻɹͷ󺹣ϺͨͨġǽŲǸ߸̧£¹ʽٵĶ첽ߵޱȣ¡¡ľڶǰģݣӱı䣬ֱƺΧʾһ㡣ϵĺѾ½ȫʪ͸ȴԲãŲȻ߸̧¡ʮ˫ѥĳȫ֡
˳˴ϢϵĺѲʶһվñֱ
鵱УһʱΪղôſ۴䣬Ϊˬ顣
дڵѲΪܣôŵԱ顣벽ˮĽֵ
壬ȷֻڴ֮ࡣ
⬼ڻУſڵ꣬ЩŹֵĿһ£ƺķĶ顣ԼͬɢȥǳĿ⣬ȴȻͶ˹ۼڻУſڵװǣһȻǵķɫһϤ峯ԱķװղίԱڳǸֺļʽʱһͻ
ǵˣǵı
һҼһ˵̣СĵժһȰţ̽ԴܣȻҲƵĽȥšһͰժЩҲѾɹڣòĻϰϰ嶼˳Ŀ֧ССĶ顣ǲЩУſڵ˸߲ҵЩ޼ɵֻǴĿǡ
ԭڻУſľǶæµֵľߣЩȥˡѪľҲû˵Щɵôܳһ֧峯飿
ֵȻǱȸղŻҪһЩССǾѥĽŲº͵̹Уڶĺ棬ɡһ»֣̿һɾɫӱ
һֻǿЩȸԾĻֿ꣬ЩĬĻϰǡ磬ĴĻҵľӪôһݼҵûǵĸȴ̫ԶǴӾ뻹ǳĬãǹҲһ죬Щȫı
վڶ鵱УҲЩݺֻ΢ЦĬĬŵĻǹֱȭЦúͰޱȡԱֻǱֱĳǰߣչʾССݡֻںΧͬ
֪˶ãһϰȻıȭҾĬĬģȫʽڡΧվڵſڵЩǣǲԼͬһ㣬еıȭҾȥִţ·˪ĥЩͼòŮӣҲòڣȻе裬Ƕޱȡ
Ң֮˴֮֮⡭ǵһԶԶƮǵ׺

һ·˶ͷ󺹡һֺԱ鲽ʾΧͬеЩһƫƫ״󴬶ڸۿڣָֻ
£ҲߵüιȥӵģҲǰˡһֱҵɫǰڵ˶צʡܶİɫۡͥԺһƬҬֻĺϲǰðǡ
ֲñôˬһԭʡǰˣûղίԱǵġ
צʡܶŰɫ練ǣͼԱЦվſڵȺӭӡԶԶ״ղʱִˮΪŷСõľ鷳򶨵ľǿͿϽ⡣
ǿǰߵóôһ֧Ա顣ʮ꣬ѾϹ۾ֱˣʲôɣ
ȵȶٽǰһֱǰһ֣ʱžһʮ˶ضͣһѻȸͣ꣬һǻķֿͿһѾǻǺЦľ˳ֱȭھȻǵܶ˵ȺӭӣҵʹǴղίԱջȫڴ˹ףѺԴԶףŮʱ彡Ҳף˰á
˵΢һ֣ѾŴղίԱݵŰ䷢Ľջֱͦͦǰ
ＸǺ˵ĵڶĸһĵﻹܶβֻССĳһ߳۴ŵɡӰĹһ˫ֽӹջᡣЦãͷӻһϺõİ˴Ůʱ£ܹίԱʺίԱ£һ·˳磿Ůʱ¶צʡܶѫص磬Ϊ½ӷϴ롣
Ʋͨ½һȵĺͳѫֶǶں۶ʲô¶ǸƲͨ½̸쳯ƺڣ
һЩԱǼֲˡ
˲ͣһҲЦĸڡǶһۡɫѿĵ̹Ҳ˽ȥһԱȻܶĹⰲд
һܶǺôһƬƺڽˮȴطĲƺ֪Ҫٹ
۹ȥͥԺࡣҬֵ׺ڲƺܡһѰɫʷ׳ʵɡſװĸַɫʿŮڲƺȺһŲ̨ѾáŰɫñĳʦͦ͹ǵվšżβ̣Űɫ£ųŵŷҲֶ΢΢Ⱥ򡣿ǽʱһŮеЦ
ạ̃Ůͷףһȴֳصŷʽ罻黭
һһ۾ע⵽ˣôһܶլ̵ۡˣȻȫǵһ˶ûУ
ܶͷǰ·ֵһһ·ȥվŵﵱалкڣвŮˡСɡ˿֯οյף˿ĳȹ׺յס졣۾ڴĹֵ峯ղίԱһǺǻҵӣӺ͵Ц
һҲ⣬һЩϵζأЦֻεĴУ˻Ƕֻȼųֳصְ䷢練ǵĻ˵׺СһͶϽת˹ȥֻһںݵˣһۡһɲɫ
ĲߣȻи𷢱۵ŷǶĸ첲ΧŮˣԶԶıܿŮϸΪׯǸ꣬еҸҲڲס
һĹ˾Ѿ޿޵òһܽǰĿˡ޷Ƕֳصֵķ٣߼٣˰ԱԱ¡ȵܵǼˣˮص𶭡ֳصֵİʻиıһĵλе˿˾һȵģе˻һ֣ȴҲԾĲ˶ա۱Σ˶һֱ֮ĸо
ЩͬһЦȡֻеȳ˽ܵǸŵ껪˼
λˮػϻḱ᳤ĸʿǻϻĻ᳤Ҳˮ¸صϯӭˡ
΢Цֹ֣һȴֻǵһЦ˱ȭצңڹھѾŴˡֵβʹϸġ
΢ЦҲջֱȭҲǳЦŶ
Ҹнʹ˷ճίԱצۣ̻ᶼǽġδղݣٲҲҪӱ֪Ƕʮʮ򣿱̻ᶼˡ
һڹٻȻǾϵؿɫҲǵģھȻǾǧζ
˺Цڲ࿴˽̸Ҳ֪ͷǲǶġ
һǺһЦȳԷȳԷôһ·Ҳ߶ҡԷʵ۴󡭡ų΢ЦҲ΢Цʾ⿪ϯһ˳ʦҡ塣һֱòŽܵȺʱ׷׵ӿ̨
ƵĲ̴򿪣ţɳţ̱Ʒŷʽ伦⣬¹֣㳦ϡһģݾƣʿɣأˮˮ۵Ĵȡ¡˾һ΢Цһ⡣һҲЦеģЯķˣվһࡣһûһǳ׺ſζ嵭ؾơ
һȺγߵ΢Ц֣˳ãֵܻһأ˵˵һ·ҿУſ־棬ֵ̱ջĳ棬ôһ¶


ڶʮ 
һʵͻȻȴЦеġɫһ䣬ת¡ֻսԼоƱ
һߣӵĲ͸Ͻ˹µ˼񫶼ǿˡƴڳ͵ĵ¹ֶסֳܶʲôЦϹһضʻʱϱЩס
˳Ĭһֻϴתҧݣ˵һƵĵ֪壬ǰǰĹࡣüǮ·Լؿڣġǰû˹ܣˡ˹ܣЩʲôõ㻹һϪô
ɫһ䣬Ȼû˵ֵʱ˴ŵ̹ѾϽ˹һɨߵ󸾸Ͻһ¶ҧ΢Цˣˣõ飬뾡ܷġģʵʲôҲ֪¡
͵͵ں泶һ⣺ˡ΢Ц£ˮţɳоΣŷûķζֻ¸Ҳʰɣ
ѾĵľϹ뿪һͷų΢Цţţ̲Сţ⣬֪ǲǻ򲻵ôѪζˣ
ЦŹ֣Բϸ磬鷳ͰֵܵԱɡһ·Ͷ٣ܶʢдʵ졣ֵܵȥЪЪˡŹݣҲдһܶˡ
˽Ƕ촽ַ΢Цһ·ѿһ˳۵ĸٵ̹УһӣеľƱͲҪˤ
һȭ֣õһǡȫľϹתߡ΢Цʾ⸱ԼͿ͡
ֱһȥԶŵ̹Уطһֱվ
ܶˣҪҪǵ¹ݼ
ѲҲ̫ˡϣβ̫ᷢɡֳصĹְģǼĺõط

ڻ¹ݵ·ϣһûаǸеˡͲһƯ˫档µԱĵĵݶһΣһˣֱŲȥʱͳһڳ
ʮԱĬĬĸ棬󾯲Ļֱ¹ݡֵۼһת۾࣬ٻ˵ҲĵĲ˰Ű壬·ɫ
һĿĹˣ㽫ͷ˻Ų΢ЦܴϲŪ
Цʵû񫣬ֻǰŪźˡӵ۾涾
һͷЦˮ˾棬ô£ۣİ
ֻǿЦˣͲҪ˰ɡѾڳʮӣõίԱҲûӡԷİʹˡ
ֻҪ뿪˵ĵ̣õһ֮󡣲Ͳôղ̨ˡˮղһع˭
һЦЦãϸȻҴţҲʡղίԱʽջšҾͰڿ̣·ȥӻҲɣǶ棬ȫϸĸϵ
ǳˣвˣ˦ӷûϾһղǳʲô𵱵ؽŻҪף˭һƵԼģ
ڳҵĳͷЦȫԻһƵļһĹϵ˲ưͿƽϰɣ֪ôӦƽϰɣû취ڣֻˣˣƦǻӦλλȨ֮󣬻ôô
ֱԼҵֵݣȴϣޱ顣׼˵ģ
в̾һԴԴĽ
ţһֱڰ컪Уֳصֺ̫ľסţҲȷ󲿷ֵԴƸֳصһֱϣڴƸ嵱ʱեţͲϣŹǿ󡣰ǿĽͳҲˡΪƽ⵱صͳΡֳصִϲ軪У衣˾ԳʽÿΪУȰ裬ȻԼЦΪ˵ĵڶָ˰Ǵûжȱֻмӱķݶ棬Ҫÿ괺˻Уʸʱ򿨲ӡ㵽ǲǾѶȱİһı˵߾Ͳ߶ʮһĿ˽Уٿ衣
ˣڵ񣬾ȵȷ档˰ֳռݾ󲿷Ҫλ֮⣬ʣµģҲǲ̶ȣ߾ܵѹסš
Щ峯ŽצϻĿرڼʮǰ֮Ϸʱ򣬴Ǩ˿ӣҪиĻУǶԽӣ󲿷ġ
軪УȴǱӲĺֳ񵱾
Ȼˣֻ͵͵˽衣
ȥʮ굱УһϷĻУһȻ֡һ֪Լ˵ģйڣͬĺ
һֱۺ컪˵ľóɾ͡ƣţ̱ɳڸɹ̫ʱ򡣻ڵֲ԰֣СƴںƴĽʡҲȴΪǻ˼ռǵĵλǵĲƸˣȴڹĶһ㣡
Щ˽ĻУһֱΪжд̣ЩƤĺһͻֱܿأ
񽥽֯ڹȥļʮϵĳЩ˽ĻУŹѧʦУᡣǾδϾΪδעڰķǷԲӹ
ҪǷڹȥĻҲˡź֮ҺǨĴкЩ峯ķʧ˵Ϸţܻᣬ̫ƽЩѪյܻᵳҲõ˵ػҵİ֧֡ʼҲһЩٶԱƱ󽥽͡
ϣֳصֺ־һͬĵġѾôܸˣٱ֯ǻˣ
ЩԻŵľٶԽԽҡǰЩˮļһУ˽裬ǧͽŰ䵶ȥɱ˷Żʮ
˳鿹飬צʡܶȻ
ܻ̣УԷ˻У顣Ҳֳصֵı𽥴ϡȻƽҲǱǰ
Ųһ࣬޲ñֻһ㲻Щĵ¶һĻͲһðƽƽܴˣѵͲ콻棿Լͬһѣ
ɴ۾ƺԼ˼һ㣺棿Ϊ飿ǰβûȥţϣȨ档ǳ͢˼˼ҵ񰡣ЩͲ쳯ƾʲôܣʲôܣ˭Ƿ󣬶®ĹԿš
һԽԽ䣬ƺҪˡһĭס
һҲֻεЦЦЩָϣԼôĻǵΪʲôųϦвģһҲûУ
ѹס˻ǿЦһ£ʣۣʲô
ʼ򣬿øӴ򽻵Ҳѧһϰߣʲô
ʲôһȻ۵ȲһţȻ¿Уʲô
˵ԣ˾񣬱ֻŵĵ˭֪ˮצ֣ۡļҶΪף֧ÿҡľáᣬǧˡЩУǮаŶ糱ٴҲβͷϣǼ涼أţǾأѧУãУЩȭүǶǮǶÿóٰ׻Ǯɢʳɢ·ǰ᳤̻ˮĴ𶭣ʾϯλۣ峤үӵĶӡȢ˸ϱ˵Ь˵˵ȢЬ⻹ʲôҪүӦ˵˰ˡչأһ֦ϱףܽصģʲô˲ˣ
ܶϯиվŵĵطǸ˺֮ˡ˵̻˳ʮãǾүӵ˼˶ˣ̫ˡ˵ӺлѾͷƯó档òݶȻܾñŤƤ׵á
һϽһŷӦסڡεЦЦԹԵıտڲ˵ˮԼҪడЩңǽõǶѾٹ̡涼磬Ϊ̩ɽôᵹ¡ȴ֪ԼλԽߣƸԽ࣬ǸصĹңôǾһֱڻɽ֮ϣһңǧӦ֮Զĺ֮
޺޵һĳԯ˲һϯһơȴݾڵͷ̽ʣˣʲô飿
һ۾룬Ȼݣұ͵ȥ˵հݷãģӷҪ̽̽Щ˷紵ļһôĲɣ
ݵӦǣ³ϯͬͺһۺĿŲʡ㳹뿪ˣ¶ܲˡû취ֻϣʱǳһӣǾǰ٢𡭡
вŰһ˲䣬ǰͻȻɧΧĺŵһˣǰ
һûƿʽĲžͳǰͿͻȻƴļ˵Уźܲ׼Ĺٻ£ղˣҪ飡
ƴǹаǳƣΧҲþͷĴ򡣴ֻǱͷƴĺղˣҪ飡
һûüʹɫѾ˹ȥ߰˸ѧĽ׵ƿ˵С˳ȥʮڵǹнǵסѧҲǳصģһϷˡӶһľٵ񡣶ʱͶϣе˾Ҫװݳǰ棬һѾͷסꡣͻȻһ٣ѧʱͣסƻˡɶǵĹ
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վϷ磬Ľñ׵Ļ˻ȥٿñӺٻվ塣ݰһ˻һųƳһԼ£ɵʣʲôʣ
ĬϳţƵľͽһֽݵһĵС
ߣҪǸղͻ䣬ݷǺɡҪûѪԣǾͲҪ»ˡ
һĿһۣ˻ȥֽʪʪģҲ֪ѪǺ
ðôһʲô

СðѪ쳯Ԯ֣צ֮ءһΪ֮֮֮Ź֮ɱ֮֮צۻ˻Ѫʤ쳯ʹ֮Убͽ֮һιһͯιһ꣬һȻҡȻƧأ޴ǻѪε֧֮ͽΣ
ЯױԱɭȻղ֮塣СԸ˱֮еһڣڴ˵ȱͽϲ֮סʩ죡
ҹʮʱ͵Ƚ¹ݲ࣬ǰݼһӣǻѪϡڴǰҵ쳯Ʈ³ʩ֮ˮ𣡡
һֽ̯һ齵ˮ¹Ԣϡֽϵּ飬ҲΪʲݡҲǲݲֻ͡ʳ̶֮䵱С
һЦЦļˣô˿Ԯˡˮߣɣ˿ָˡҪһᣬȥǲȥ
˵ˣݺͳһе裬ֳϣҲ˵һ䳬ܼұֵĻɴʹⳡ顣СѾͷž鲻ЩһææµµİһˮôȵСѾͷһ´õ˵طֲװˡŮװЩصĴӡæϸϸĺ飬һùõŮžͲΡΡġƺھıȥЩؿܵί
ϧ˼һڰҲǷ˵ûĶˮǰԺתתȥġ
Ŀбӣֻǿһ
ﶫƣĿڶžǶһ¡һĿڣһһӵơ
һ΢Цô
ЦͿôˡóãָЩҴ塣Ҫ˳ǵëЩˮǽ糱ʱƽϢסٽű˵ͷ԰磬ʮжġ֮Ҳδز䵽СһҲһˣǹܲˣҲܲҪǴ˿øԶһЩ˵ġ
Ҳҡͷ˵ģܻᡣеϷ̫ΣաǣңҪǡ
žֻۣǵɴ۾ĬĬ¡
ǸйάߣԵ棬ŲƽϻֶΡ˼صÿءꡭ
һݣģһ䡣һѪĮӦϲˡ
ֽЦЦһʲôҪѼ㹻ϣӦԡȥǶȥôѼ㹻жϣҪȥҪ򽻵ЩѪĻӣҲҪǵ˼Żһȫֵжϣ飬ٵ󡭡أǽҪɾģ룬ӣȻҪΪĳսҲ֧ӵԭ͵ߣҪȻһ֧¾ûǮҪͣ˾һӿ˵˵¾ҪΪʲôս
ݶ˵ɫúܡ
һǾΪսʲôǱģǾҪΪЧĸԸƯӾͲˣǳ飬ܲܣҾҪ±䣬ڳɾ֮ǰԶĵطǧͬͬܵвĥѵĵλδĹǸһ¶ϸģҴţϸģؼңүţ
ݶʱȻӦǣҲվϴɫĬĬֱǵͷ
һЦЦ±ŵı顣ֵôţϵʱѧס¹˵ĶĿ˳ڻǱȥΧӵҲãҲáӲŲ㣬ȥԿһҪӡңǹܣһȥ̽̽ô˰ɣ
˶ʱƽӦǣ첽˳ȥﻹĵĽϡһһڴͿžյǰүҪȥ˼Σգɣҵţ
һ˼̫࣬γġСվǰ߸İ˸Ըӡʱɿࡣ
־ȥС֣ЦС˫๫ˣ׼ȥðգ
žһʱˤһ֣˭˫ļҹ
ûҰѾͷ֪ӹ˫ΤүĵʣҲơԼҲǴ̨ˣղ书ҲķϲˡǸֽűԼǿ̫СѾͷ
뵽һ̲סһ֡£һӵ˾⡣Ů䣬ɻۣ
ǣŶž֣һʱŮСŮӿһѵȵľٶߴȴʹүʱСѾͷҲǰưͣС߲֡
ŵòȻѵ»һҡɴβǣҲȷŽѹķô¶ͷϣһͦڣҲ漣
ô󡭡ô󡭡ʲôģ
ʲôҲûԡ
ԣСſ졭
ҧҧͷˣ
һҽУʱ쳹¹⡣ɻĲ䣬͵û


ڶʮ 
ҹɫᣬϴĳʪ촵ð¯ҲƵˮʱԵࡣ
ɫ͵ġз·ɽг˯ȥ
ΪʵΪӵĺЩߴľһŲǹǶ̸Цеĸɴ࿿¹Ҭ˯ˡС첻ҴյߣԳԵȦӣཻƣӵʯˮͿʼ
ʹĵģ̴˸ģ޲ðѰĵȫվС¥ĵ£һȺѧ۰Ͱ͵ĿǶӳˣǻȥ
ͳһСƿƣڣڲġݸһȦһǼ򣺡ߣ˭Ҳˣ
͵Цˣˬ죡ЦС壬Ҳˣ
ݳǾ͵Цˣͷ˳ȥһ¹ſڣһϽĽŲʱͱббѧǣЦЦװɵһȺ˾ľͳӿ֪˭ɤӳʱЩ죬ͷ
ȵһξһڣʱӭȥ־йҪǵڸҩͰһˮֵ档ķ¶ɵ
ݲ˵ߵ°£ëʲôӷӷˣƨطӳȥƣ
Ľţ涼ʱ֪ĸּһѾȥݵıӡ۾澫һһȭʹظ֮䡣һҽУǼһһͷȥ
ݶ֣Աѧ£вֵġеĿֶУеıɳȭеĸɴ͵ңʲôϣʱЩһ߰㡣Ŀţһ·ӦͷٿñֶƤָأһ¾мŵٿñһضǡ
ʰЩӲ£еľǷӦˡཱུĴͭڣѧǴ𣬼ʲôҡʱ¹ֵòʰܾæĸϹԮȭӵ׼ܡ
ΧգӰûһ̵ܽ¹ݲҬ֡
һȥûã˵߻ûӦҬ΢ߣӰ˳ˣ
һƽƽԼһķϲһСܾʹ˳ˣ֣Աȫܺ⡣ðŶϣǡǡážǿ¹ˡСŮӻǲҪֺá¶Ů֪ҪǶžСѾͷ飬ȻҧͷǸΣҲûôװƽ
Ϣ״ʵˣŶǰˡ˶Ÿ˳õĲñɫͶ˶̧ͷһЩǸĿǵꡣ൱ӢҲţһɫһ˫۾Ǻӳҹɫ¾Ȼ޵òɷȻԼԽǰʱƽδľɫ
¹£ñ´ŵͷŵɫŮӣȻǻʵѪģ
깰ֱȭˣСǣ诡צӭˡлðˣ
һҡҡԴڲǾ޵ʱŮҧ촽վһߣ˵̬ӣۣ˵ˡһȴӲŲ
֣һʱעⲻǡ꣬ӵܣһҰƣǿȡ͹жһֲͬķ緶ҲǸһЩ
һ͵Ĵ΢Цᣬ빺еֿǲǶ⣿צۻ꼯ϣǸʲô֯˭ģ
ΪѵЦЦ￴һۡͷⶼӵ⡭
һһȣתͷͿǸ诵ľɫŮӡͿҧ촽ü˵ĵطôˣ磬ǸϽȥʹһϰɣǶҾʲô
˵ĹٻҧǻֶģȻӲֱһζָһ㲻ġһЦЦڰ֣ͷǰ·

һҹͬҲҲء
צۣᡣľΪúŵˮլԺĲԶһ̲ԱߡźôһƬ׵ɳ̲
צĶũׯֲ԰֡ϰĲ㴬ӣʮزջ̺УҵĲҵ֮Եй
赵լԺ棬ġֻлԺżѲӽŲԶĻɳ̲һԺ棬ȴһȫʽС¥ǽһЩɫȴֲΧʽһζ
ǿС¥ԶԶƫݵĵλãҲ֪ڼĵλˡ
С¥һ侲ܶ¶һСۡʽ˯ۣŹؿڵʮּܣŹǽϵҮʮּ૵ʲô
֨ѽһ죬˯µҲ˽Ȼ˵ͣԿŮʱЩϡһͷԺ¶ϸĲЩˡ
΢Ц̵ǣֻҪ羴ż񣬲Ҫ羴ЩԳˡװģôϢ
ĻҲ൱ǿһЦվǷ˵գȥϢ
˿ǺͰأ
ǿһЦС̰֪ȥȥˡǡôˣԼչԼġ
ֻüôң°үû˱ô
ۿЦֲǳģҶŮûô󡣸ôר˱أرǰѾͷүӿӲǱӣ۾۾ġͲáǰѰǹ̹Ҳί⺢ӡңֲʲô
˿۾ǹңȢôһˡ
ЦЦ§Լķˣⲻͦã˻㣬ʲôˡ
ԭл̳ľõİ
ɫһ˵Ů̾һֻҪƽƽͺãǵѾŷҪˡ
ۻǲ˵ֻһ¡᣺ֵøõġ
Ůֻ̾Ϣʲôʱ򣬰ˣЩˣлһҾͺˡ˵İ䵶Һ£ͬΪЩҲ¡ŻЩǳ޵۾ͬ¡
΢Цˣŷ޻ޣⶼŮ˵ĵ¶ɷˡǰ读ùܼҸ׼Եġ
Ů̧۾ѵõ棺Ҳôֻ֣Ҫǰû飡
ֻɫһ䣬ȻЦͷ

ڵĵ·иУ֪˶ֲ԰ĹԶԶĿһưܵã֪ĸ˼ԭѾķá
һƻƺӰ㿡
ڱĺֱûƳﵹǺһһúʹǹһ㡣ǰߵ÷ɿ죬ɫ£ѪСѾͷ诵Ӱһξһ㡣
ǿѪôСãһüͷһ·⡣ҪһȺѪ꣬ǲģúơ
ۿõſڣһơʱŵһ¾Ϳˡ꣬еĴװеľȻʽİ׳¡ûʣô
ܹļԣǲðһ۾ĳ嶯泤̾һߵǰ棬ԼٴˡֱȭЦҾղίԱһλ٣֪ʲôûУ
ǶһۣȻ˼ƻû뵽һղίԱ̨ôЦվǰЩԶ磬ŴͳĻĿޱȵãټһʹĴٶ⻹˵ã
˽֪ʲôڡһǺϾĴǡǽʵ׳꣬ǵֹܹõĽ꣬ѵõ˲ŰرڱǸĴ۹˵
һЩ˲ŷӦһĽһæӭ˽ȥһ֪˭ƣʱࡣ
õһţϡɱǡΡáúšŵλѾաֻǽڻǸѬúںڵġյ棬߸ߵ͵͵վżʮŻ꣬۾һίĺڿĸһ
һĹ˹ֶû񡣻Ǻһôһ·ͬУŵסЩһ֮󡣲վˣˮľˣеģеһù򣬻иĹˡǶǱػУҵġҶѪ־еĺúӡ诿һæļһ䣺нӢۣЩΪ˻УΪ˲۸꣬˺߹ûٴ򽻵ֳϻа䵶˰̣Ǹ˳飬³飬ûǣǾǳֿȭĺǸɣ
һϯ˵òȦˡЩܵίؿһɾͼӱĽһЩ
һЩ۸ĺӰЩӾѪԵϵǸڱǣ֧ǣǡǴһṳ̂Ϲء
ҺΣԼˡ
һֻ΢ЦͻȻԺðһͷ˵ЩУĶ飬ܵĵ½ϣдĻᵳôǰ⻪꼯϶ЩѪ֪ʶΪ塣ûʲôнѵͬ֯
Ƕһ£ױǶͷ濴ˡȺ˵£Ⱥ˵ĴڹҲ֣Ͽ϶ž𡣴˰ЩǡҪЩһٳǵĻУǾͺǸɣ
һֻ΢Цһ١ȴԱ߶ӿڡͷ϶ѰȺĹǡ
ûǮֻܳûطȥһǹҪǮһ˵ɣõóצۼʮˣ۸ܺˣǷļ裬˭ֻҪ֧ǣ
ĻѪСͦظϸϸüëú´ʡһ;еŹ̲֡סͿһɫ㷢ǸʱŮȾͷֻ࣬ǸһԼͷҧ촽޺޵ĵǻˣ
һЦ̯̯֣һ죬˽ˣΧûЩ׳ʿڸڶûһ¹ˡ
һȺ겻˾ͺ
һǣǿ诡
˼ǺܺáֻûУΪʲôߵĸؽٶ࣬۸
һȺ꾲ţһɫޱȵĳϿңһĵģֻΪǱվŵһǿĹңһӢڰ˶䣬һŴȥ𷴿ҺͬϻжŮӵѪδǵʱķܴﵽĿеĿô
ٲȻϵĸֱֱվ
ҴǾͿָҲһЩɵҪ´θʮҲʮʱ˻ôǻ۸ôȻԶȴЩΨһ
Ψһĳ·ǸȥøǿҲֻܸŵǿԻȥǿǣҶЩӡҲ֪ôңʱԸһ·ģҽ߳ϻӭ
˵꣬һƬĵġЩðָλæַĴˣȴ˵ôһѪڣҪðĻ
žУֻ诵ˣ˵úеֻǰƣôӦԣ
һ̾С椻ǲúƣ
ĿŮӵҪһˮ棬ĵҪġȻίԱͲＸʮͬܣھһ˽⣬Ҫڴ̽ϡһ仰ֻҪЩ걧ŶΪܣû۸ǵͷϣ
˵ĵһʵڻΧŵҪ
ϰԵҧ촽췺Ѫ˿ˡһ
㲻ƭˣ
ߵǶʱͶ˶ѵ۹⣬һ©ҹˡðԼ»ĺǶԻ峯£ĹԱϣû˵ߵĹٱԱӢ䣬Ļôľˡ
ȴֻһ־ǿ޵̬ž߷ֿ⡣ȴŮӵе
һҲֻ̾ϢһСĴָţ
诿ָٿͻȻǳǳһЦ˵Ļﶯˣ


ڶʮ 
֪Ϻãǲŷβ̤½֮ðʡǵһɫСŮһˬҹЩܻ֮һһҹߣ˯֮󣬾Ȼ֪Ȱסģ쳣춯˯ĶžѾ˽Ѿڵ˰СѾͷȦģ֪ҹȥʲô˼
˵ͳ³ŮӡﳤĶž飬ҲΪ졣չ΢СѾͷһ·ļδ뵽Ը͵ۿǸ说Сģһ̲סѵõе
ž齫ˮУֵͷѥóСĵĵ۶ҿһһۡžӷˣƫƫҲߵġʩһЩʱһһţִֶӰ
ûڵЦʲôöžҧͷ飬СѾͷֱˡû뵽žŪһѥӣͻȻ¸ҵ̧ͷ´ŵôġٲҧˣ
һһЦסĵͷţ´ٺúõĽ㡭
ŶžС죬һ죬һѥӣʹŰɫʵ˭
Ų춯ۿǳ߹Ŷ
һܴò¶̴ǧܡǵľ䷶ΧףٱӶˡ¹⣬ѧҲԼλܰȫĽһӦû֪ȥ¶
һܿݴˬˣôһ顣ǰŵɶһЩﻹǸЦӣ˾˽žľƽһ
˵ˣȻҾȥͷˣʲôҪûУ
һͷͰˮ⣬ʵ͵˴˵ˡǶһˮϽֻ֣¼ìܡľǣˮĿһӡ󣬾ΪڣЩŲ¡ѿư
ЦЦǲǱôס˵תȥȴǽŵһѳֽ˹
ˣŵίԱղίԱˮ߷ĵ籨Ѿ׷ˮˣĿ
һ׼ƣ¹ͻȻеһʲô¶
ݺһۣʱһߣһæҵĴװ󲽵߳¹ݡ

¹⣬һȺǳӣŹķװѾСеĶǰ׷ԲԡЩﲻģΣе˷ɫͬũǶһڡȼģ򣬾ٹͷɫҲԽԽ󣬺ѹѹĻ֪ж٣һׯ֮
צ۵ԶԶĸں濴ţҲԽۼԽࡣЩ˵ݣƺһб˵˲
֧˶ҲûǣֻǰСǻ࿴֪û峯¹ǰס⻪ĵѾٿñӷɱȥ辯Ҫ
ſڷѲӵѧܵñǻҪ죬һߴ׳ıӴףס֣峯¹ſڣʲô
һܣߴ棬һ𣬾ȻЩסȵĻǿҲЩһֻۣǾǰС
һģôһĻѾٷ룬ٲȻղɡŵӻסЩߣŭĿӾǸѧߴӡߵݣǰɣô
ֻǼ򵥵ͽһ΢΢ҡͷеѪԡ
˵վɫһ࣬վǶĵȺ֧˶ǰ
ߵǰѾĴȥеѾ൱ӣڶһ˿ˣȾȻУЩ׻ĸģ
Щһʮ꣬˵İУֳ񵱾ֵѹ£౼߳ŻĵͳУһĽ̵ӺԼĸԼʲô˵ĻУʦԱ
ʮУǲ֪˶ٷ粨ٴļʽ𴴽ĻУǿйرգͽҡǻһ㻪ӣء
ʮĩʼŻǿĽԼӰԽԽֳ񵱾ֺ͵ԻУѹԽԽֱȵ޷档УĴڣѾһì֮һѹȼңչ߳սڶʮʮ¼µѧǿйرգ
һҰӢCIAԸѹˮԴᵯԲǹԸ޴ĻУʦõĹǸɡ
ЩȻǺ¶ˣǻУѣȴǴһ̤ʱտʼ
ղĻִˮ֮ǰѾʮ߼һУڶڱңʮˣѧĻͯʦΪ˱ѧͦ˵ĸռ
ǰЩˣеһ֪һӲ˰ֻۡ뽫еѧʴڸһǿһеȴ˺ۣ
ֱУˮڸһҩͰ·һͱĵʱȴҲ֪ǲǱǰǻ˵ãؿڣҲǲൽ˵ˡ
һĸߵڸۿڡȫµɣλղ˾Ϸȥ̬ûǿڿഫƺֿϣȻԶһδεЩӵģЩӵѪǵŵʱǻŵԼĹң
һȻҾһϽıǰȥһĽǲҵððӦСøǿͷҾǡлôѵ£Լй˺ʦı֣
һ̧ͷѾݺ᣺ˣǻУûĺӣտյûģУҲûȱǮĺǮܶʲôãеӣǹӣ˴űίԱѵܺ˽һ£ǻУһ·ǻˣ󰡣Ҳͱʲôһжһźˤɰ˰ɳģ
ЩУʦĬĶ飬һĻȻ˵ĸߵžƴɣʱһͷµˣеİ취ȴҲࡣĿãΪ˴ԼڻûʵĵʲôóģѧԱʮˡȴһצۺֳ񵱾֣ʮӻ˵
վߣֳֻ棬¸ɴû¶档ֻǰŷ̵ŶֻǿһЦˣֻ뷨ùǿҵ󣬾ǳΪ¾ǿķġ
û˵꣬ѾͬظˣҲ˱ĺô˳ãΪȥ󣡾͵УļѧˡצۼʮˣҲཻ˰ֻҪ˲ҪǣЩ޴ͬվһ
˵أһ˵ʲôֻĬȻĵͷҲߣǰЩӱѵĻУҲһҼҶȥοҲȥ棡ȰˣʱһұУ˼Ҫת»ˣĹǿˣЩӲվֱҺʹһõ飬ĳҲλˣ

צʡܶڣҲһƬĳĬա
һݷݵı洫ǻ㱨һ¹ݻһĻŵġ¹ƺͳЩ˳ۼĵطˡ
ѫ棬ͷӰһӱմʿɣڲײֻǲ˵
ΧһȦǾֳͦӵľ٣ֵĸ߼١һȫǰˡĸٵ̹УվαϣѾñӲǱӣ۾۾ˡ
ҶӵĴ󺹣ʵ̫ˡ
̹һƣԱۣûϢߵǰµҶȫһ󺣷紵ʱ˶һˬ
˳ŵλʿô
һ߼ټľññֱȥˣѾʼοЩУúҪһŮʱ¶ƬصͳΣ
ǸӹȣȻҲһţ벻ǶΪݷһ»ңһЩǮ·˭ǲǰǮԼ档
ѾãǲƵȥţôʧȥˣ
ӦԷһ¶ЩӵѹˡƽľһͷղĵѾǱ߳Ϊά򣬱ҲҪЩʾ
µһܶȴǳ˶Ѳأ
̹У̲סˣĵԶҲ˵ľ𣡡
ΪܶŮʱͳεƽ¡ұԶƮϣ̫Ѫ¼ˣǻˣҪʱҪĶһֱĶͳεԭ򡭡λʿΪ൱ĵҲǵȷʾˡУԼ£λ鷳ߵ飬ҲбҪĸ߲֪һǵ
̹˳תߡֱӣɫĿֳظ߲㣺λԻȥˡǣǲҪ̫жǰãҪ㱨ܶȺǩϿɣ

һæŽԼοΣܶλھͬʱˮҵĴլõУҲܻڽš
ҲǼ䲻ռŵĶڱϵľװ壬ܸŨصʪϺľ¯ϣóȫʽְŰҶûдͳʽõ
ҶЩŮǣڸλ۱Ƚϸ𡣴һװ۾Ƕͬʣ壬ţǼֵܣʽ۹ӣĸϢǶҸĸһͳңĲȨͱȵֻұ磬ͷ¶棬̣Ȣӵ۵λ˲١ҪΪ¹ͻУìܣҲĵĻ鶼ϲء
弸ֵܶڵ̸ʲôҲû˶࿴һۡ͵۵Уһ˶ֱӣҲϽ۾
Ϳһ˳Ϳͼ˵òġȻӰˣǿǾɵúܡɨԼǣ˵һѾˮ̴һε档Ҫ£Ͻͽεںľ̫ʦ档
״ˡʺһƬǵɫޱȡ
ˮҵļҷչ˸ɵйĵز֣Ĵõ峤ͬʱҲǺצʡ𶭾ֵĶ£һŶᶼҪҲԶ
צۻˣûвүµġ
ɨ˶һۣĵʵ˭Ҫôİ
СģףⲻǴҶôءУʮ߼ң궼ڵšЩļҵӵܡңʲôˡиղίԱֵĶСҪǮҲһ¶Щò⣬ֻףÿôᣬһ¶
ʻһڣ˵ͷ׷׸ͳһš棬Щ˼ء
Զһۣùˮ̴ȴֽغһ²һôôЩҲˣҪЩСһ˶ŸôƣҵĸôҵɢˣȥҪȥǻ죡Ҫʲôôᣡ
ֽʣ飬飬ĸӵܺЩһһ¶ˡ컪УûپǮǴݶǱŸɰҪأ͹غˣٿˣ֮һ仰֣
͵͵һۣүҲת˹ȥǲҵİǰ诣رǰѾͷзļСӶתصŮӣ
һֻǵش𣺡Ӳ֪ȥʡ
ʸƨүڶǰϴӲΣϽȥʷ֧Ǯù´ȥֻԼЩһЩУ飬Ǿ֣ûУ
۵ͷӦǣԶڷ磬ʵǮ֡Щ߰˵ģǾǻǮƽᵳ˵ҲЩʲô
ֻǵͷǶӵĲǡ̧ͷүӣǸղίԱô򷢣ƺˮ˿ɽһ
ͷ̾Ϣһɽôһ籨͵ûȥ̫ˡ¶ܶˮȻĵһƻЩӻ֪ʲôءһ֮ڣ⣬Ǯƽɡ
ǡ۵ֻǾġ


ڶʮ 꽫
ˮգȻƺڻСȴ£յõ涼ƺð̶һ㡣
ˮǻУ֮ڣȺӵȴûһԸһϵĺˮҶͷһеӶȺУվһ
ѧͬĴ󺹣еվһߣеվѧУ档ά򣬵ЩѧУŵĴѴѵ
ÿһƵЩͲԼͬĴ塣еĻγ˰䵶ڵϣҬûӳ֮£ҫ⡣
⼸һһУݽֻҪЩ֧ЩӵĻ⡣ٻһһվһߵģҲ߾ܣǱǿֱÿһ䣬ü
֮ǰǻҪܼ̫ͣìܡҪһţҪڷʲôʲôãʲôʡվһסĹͷŹǿʢҪ飬ȫֹ֧ڵǿ˶¾״ܸõάǵ棡
˵ݽûЧÿһУĻȾͽĶΧˮйͨΪÿһ仰ƽкáѧЩǴ۽磬ǵľӯΪһղίԱݣֳصҲòɾӾάȻÿһεҵ࣬Ƕûֳʲô
¹ݵĳôÿ춼дĻˡǮеıƱΪΣʱվм쳯ղ˾¹ݾͰնҵ顣һ˴Ŀհ׹գ䣬׷ƹһʼﻹż˿ǮͻʲôʵաЩǮߣֶһﵽ˺ҲЩϻˣÿֻǵͷ΢ЦȻ뿪һȵæһҪ۵ᱳʹ
ִһ㣬Ѿﵽʮƽֽ𡣶һԴԴϵӡѾԶԶǰ֮ôίԱĳɼһֻߵмȥĶѣٳ޺ͲΪ棬ҲԱ¶š
һ߶ôǮȣһ߶ȹϵһĴתֻ߶ţôֶ࣬˰ɣȥӵź˱кð亹ҪǶʲôοҲܲˣţϱŵˮ籨ôûЩǣ¶Чʣ磡Ȼ̳ò٣ǱϾð콻棬֪˺ûڣȻģǱǰˡһ¶ǾʲôҲס
Χ˵ȵ˼һҲ˼ˡֻԼΪ¶ˡЩ¶ǲ̫ƽʧġԼͬ㻹ȥȥοȥǵϣǻʲôˣ
ЩĿĳ󻧣Щң˼ҳסҲֲҾôŰɣʱ˭ĵù˭ԼԽЩȻģķ糱ͻԽľҡʱŶʱ
Щתŵ˼ʱ̣ȴǶŵºѹѹȺ´ʣУ粨һƽϢֵһ뿪Ҫ˽浽ףһǡ
һת¶˸߲ұЩǾ˸ӵĿվʹ˵û˽ҳӡƾʲôƾǹҸղݶƾǿиղҲÿͿİ콻档۸̫ˣӵҪȥҪǹǿأҪǱأ˻б۾ǣǲôףһ仰ǿˣдҵĵλǴһһŽģƾʲôҪͷϣ˵ǲ
ľһһվŵǰǼ֯У꣬ҲǵС۸ߺҪ֧˰ѹұǿͬ۸ߺ»ڣϰڶĲ֪źûǲš
Ѫ꣬ŵĶһģ
浥Ҳѵõġ
һ󺹣ɤ˻ƵĴϰڶĻǲẰںŶ׷ҾʱһƬ紵˵׳۾ֳһҲо飬ЦüӱҾñǻҪһɣ˾ӯǹҵĴ˺ð
Զ˸ͿһȺͦſڵһȺȺǰϾȵأͨࡣЩŮѧУֻǴʵҺЩһˡĸУŮУѧһȥġ
ݴżѧӭȥһۿ졣һߺͼѣһһ۶Ϳ˻ѪСŮҲУǳЦӯӯвˮ⺣峺ĺˮһ㡣ɫߵĶǴעĿĽ㡣Ƕֱɵ۾ǰҶл곪ŸǰЩһظӸɴ˭ͦöߡ
Ůӣ赵ޣŮķ顣һ̣һ羰ߡ
һ֪ĸݺеİ䵶˵ϡ
һҲѣĿžһҲĵ˴ˣ
ȻЩ֮࣬װںһߴʵǵ˭ϰԵİ䣬ƺڷָӵֻüͷΧŻݷŵľ󡣲ʱֿЩ꣬΢΢ͷ
м˾ٺԶԶĸ󣬲֪ǱǼš
һһԣʱһЦһֿˣ󲽵ӭȥһץס˵ĸ첲֣ôˣ
ͷ˿ǵˣѣһѧʱǸЩһŭĿӡ
ֵ磿³Ѿţĳ֪ˡŭڰô壬Ҳֻ˸յأһοұͬһѹЩ֮ͽ
һЦúءԼҲǸѼϼܡ
⻰Ͳ˵ˣô´ˣʲôʲɣ
ɫأҡͷָһڴ׿촬ѾǱˡϸۿҲ˲ٴһ㡣ʵڷĲ°ղίԱղ󳼵ƣס˵ĹݡԱֶûһ𡭡
һҲֻпЦôֵ֪ܾܲڻɽڶϣѵͶЩͬô˻ǲҰôġҲסһ˸ղίԱ˵ҲǺýġ
ЦԽԽɬֻ³͢ҲԸô˶Ѿȥ˵籨бе˼ֻǶһ²һ£ɣֵѾùˡһֽĹ߻ǲߣԶܴҲҪŴӲ˵ûãܳѹġֻ¡ϲ˶ð
һȻ֪ͷѹҲЩءǰԼһ·˳磬׮׮ǣһƫƫֲܶ־ߡЩȰεѵܹǲˣ
ʱֻΪ沨壬粻ۡ
Ȱ²֮ģЩӱæѾգԼ˵ûӦЩϲˣԼΪղĵڻ˺֮ѰһЭҲǽİ취ԼȴƫƫûпԺ˶ԼȨֻοõѣҪԼΪֻԸٴ󣬻ȥҲõԴջҲ֮һôһ糱УԼһ¾ͳȰĿҪܹ˳ƽϢһУκδֻҪԱذ£޴ȶĳòԴִܹ꣬ԴԴϵĽӼδҵ
ҧҧݣ˴ٺҼ죡ȥݷңܲܽڻ֮䣬ѹͷĴӣ˵ҲҪˡҲźͱȥ磡
Ȼ𾴣־һҾΰӣĳʵҲ⼸춥ĸϵĳҲŴˣǴ˵ĺܣ
ǸѼϼܰⳡҲԼӴһɳ졣£ҲһͿأɸ𡭡ʱҴⳡ糱ԼעǶ㲻ȥģ

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ĵߵŴĽĿһһһ߶šԼһ£ɵ˰
ʹʹʹʹֲúӷƢͣ˵ķɣǻһĶһϯ˵÷ˮ𣬴ͷȺġЩԱ˵һѵѧɡܿӢӣ¶˾ģ˻ȥȹҵ
һЦµ˼ϾһǳǳľѶʲô
ֱ׳ҶҲְС߶ʷûʲôɣ̣Ҳ¡
ƲƲС죬һת߼һֱ͵ƹһѣĸоĵҾҲûʲô˲𡭡˵ͦãҪȥ֧ǡЩͷ˵ο־ءøǿ
Ǽǵͨ죬ֻͷ˵үүҵƢأЩҪʵڼҴš˵һСľˡɲŶһٿǣ˵Ļʲôãǹǣ

¹ڣһԢſڣ뿪벽һһ·֮󣬾ڷд
ݳĬվñֱȴһվˣüɫĺݵ꣺ڲ֪ӺлѾͷǸǰҲ֪ôݶһˣͲԸˡʲôʱҲɶģҾͲˣϻӱƯĵ
һ죬Ͻס졣ȴǶžһ̨ķī
ЦŹ˻ûд궫ţ
žһǰӣİȴҰԡԼҲСĸһˡƤЦӣܾеӦһĶ֪Լүȥ
˵ž¥ȥˣͷ洫һ
˶һۣ˽ȥͿһԼӡһȽһӵݸ˳ȥԶǶõ˴˴㣬ڸۿˮ籨һֶһֶķˡһݸͬʱתŵġһתίԱġ
ﻹЦô࣡һֶӵֵͶ
һԼҲû취¶ءģС¶еƤЦ̥Ƣʱ滳Ƿɱ˵ӣʵдġǱʶǸ߿һۡ⽩Ĺϵ棬ô˲ţ
ûĿ˳һۣǷǷίԱģһֶһֶţ𷢴ˣ
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һĿСӻ治׸ͷҪôʶֶˣ֪﷢ʲô¶
һЦƽһҪţͻȻͷֵˣǲҲ׼е¹ԶˮõǹҾǻǱϼʮΪá
һһ˵ýô
ЦЦҰɣЩɵ֪
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ȴһֱվñֱһֱɫš·һʱһʱȥ
һһݰ͸ˮľңǰȥݷãǳ˵˳㻯ԵšҪ£Ҫ£ˣ
ӹתߡſڣͻȻҲתһ¡ŵˣðѴ£ľ塣ѧ֣ҲһԸ׷ЧǾãŴˣҲǲһġ
һһ΢Цѵɹô
룬ĵûС
Ӷǲȥ˰֪һУ᲻Լϣ

ҹɫֵеһߡ̹Уȣ첽߽ˮֵС
һλ˸߼ڵȺֻһ֣ѣͱȥ
ܶٵľ춼ǾЩľԱ˾ǴҲҴһڵϢ
Щ̹У۶Ҳûһ¡
һǰһһֱߵһ֮ڣǸ߼ٵȽȥʱ漸˶һ
Ⱥλ˶ǵͷľţųš˿ǡ
̹һָϽ˳ȥͳһ־סӲٶڡǰ˾ٽܣͷ˵䣬гͷӣצᲽӵѡŽܵᲽһ׳ʵһЩļһϽվñֱ
̹־üͷ׼ˣ֮飬ᵢɣҪʱܶ˻㱨ģ
˾ЦЦ£ⲻһͻ֮ͨɧҰˡǻʱǵĶ򣬲̫Ӱġ
̹İ˰ֶҪӣҪƣ
˾һ̹ĵѵûǸһڻ˵еɿôÿһ죬Ҳ˾Ҫѿһ졣ܶ˵Ҫơɧңûף˭ҲָϣֻзǵͳΣǸǰ˵츳Ȩ


ڶʮ 
ʮ꣬һաȻʡ
һ֧Ŷͷ˼Ĳ֪Щʲô棬ֻһǿĲ£Щһϴĵֻ֮࣬нѻƬ̳øࡣӱϲ˯ϲ𡣽һҪݷľҡûֻܸţһֻһİԼĹǷʱԼһ¶⣬ô
棬Ԧܼңģ˼Ѳ֮⡣ʵһܵĹ¶ʵûʲô޵ġ
ʮɵѧղίԱ̶飬ɭȻҡųŴ̫žݡЩӣЩѧҲǳǧȰĿģкԺУΪԼͬػθУѰĸǡ
ǶԼҪԽԽϸҲ֮˵ʽڼЩ׶ĥҲһ糱ͦȥҪԭ֮һ
ֻⳡ糱׽ʲôطΪֹ
һ䵱Уʷвûмһ˾꣬צһŹģ޴ɧұССıǳ¶ôҲƽϾһͷΣ״󽢵ȫ֧š
һϣķ糱м֣ôͷܽԼһֱ̬ȡģЩ޴Ҳ˵ת̬ȣȫ֧ôһܳάղίԱ
ֻǣʷѾı˰ʱѾ˲˵ˡı˲ʷʵ1893̷ͬӦðȼĻġ峯ίһ̨ԶԶѾӦڵ¼µĺ·ϣ
ķ糱Ҳ᲻ΪԼıأ
˼ǰƶԼһ·ΪΨһģҲΨһòȫյе¶
ֻǣҲ˦˦Դ۹Ͷ˳֮⡣Ѿˮֱ⡣ǵ˷ˮŶҵũ䴩󣬾ɫĺϻԲСԶܵĽ֣֮Ǹָ˼ɫһȥǱˮ棬ŸһССĴӰСϳ׺ųα̵ĻϡЩḻȻԴг͵ء𽺣ͭ󣬵ףȴǧ̴ﾭʮ͵Ļ﷢¸ʵһ̫ڸĵĵطﱾӦðյԵΣΪ½޴۹ȦںƫƫֳΪ˶ס½ʺĵȺ
ЩӦҪõıġĻ˺ʹ½ӽܵϵһΪ˵Ĺͬ塣Ҳõ¶
飬ԶԶѾľլԶլԺһ״̲ȫռ̲棬ˮཽཻ˽ҷ̡ʽլԺöȫòֻǾúѹѹһƬԺӵĿľһߴ¥ҹ䣬ƻ𾯽táһıֱͨլӵĴšлƷһƷ漸ֶ̽ТڡȻǰسĸѾȥܶ󳼵
Ҹ󣬽ƷѾ֪һƷڣһñĹ򡣿Щ˶ŲñĶӣǺľǱġڳ͢йζһʨ飬ʨͷҲǶšᣬһգҫ⡣󴮴󴮵ıڹڲִֵͷϣ͵ŵȼ
һųǰʱһ¡ôҲžը졣ʨ͵ſڹŵǡЦ֡
ֵطӭӵ˹⿴Ҳе̨İһһҲôԶԶľЦһ·ӭ˹ͼһ˿첽Ĵ˶ѵ߳һҾأҳʣ׺ϣӭղίԱˣ
һϽλʣǺġҲܺҲ͸һ˿һҳǸȡû뵽ԼȻ벻λүӭһ¶ɫֻ΢Цϸ磬ͬ࣬ŪʲôŶʽôߣ˵
һϵĺͰʶʱøУȻ˴ĵ̨ЩӵܣڹٳҾý˶ҲʵڲͨЩӵܣǴС͵̶еĻҪȥһ߸ɻһ߶飬ûйӵЩ󡣵ҲֻǺһЦȻҾ͡
УŶĺӣ̧ߡһ˶̧һ·ǰС
ҵĸ󣬹ڹٻŵڶ׷һһ·ңΪ³紵ݶһҰ䡣ӵܣҲ㴫ңٸϡ㵱ٶһЩǮƾӪǺܿ䡣ң߰˴ϰĻӵܣҲһ˼ǽٳĴ㣬̤̤ʵʵ⣬۲ҵ󣬾ǾԵľˣ
һ·һеĿʣɫĽڲͬͥԺһһƺǵ㣬ָ滨ǶУŰɫȴװŶҵĹѵǣ֪ж١լͷǷˡЩʱеģ뵽Ҳǡ԰Сרŵúҫ
ң鴫
һ·˴֮ǰܣǰɫİҶѾͷڲŴ˲˼ߣͿŮһ߳ҼԶҲһ峯ٳ磬ź춥ӣһ˫ۻᡣȻһٶ󡣿һأʱſھһҾͷӴⱲҲûЦ
ӭĸʹˣ

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»ҪߵģǾۼĻǵ顣
һϽ̨´ʡܹýӵܣҲһ߸һ߶庮ӵܣСԱгںϵˮֶЩźͼǨδã˵ɶȲͬꡣ
ҷȥ⼸˻ǳǲһЩ¶йǹȥܵ۸ίʾǿԿǵķʽеļһЩģװţ
κʱǵѪȣʱҲäĿһЩġ
ҲΪ̫̫õʱ䣬ûôһ뵽ǵУ֧ǣοǣָһ·
˵ǿ·ǿ
ڷڵУǵͨϽ̨Ǽ󣺡ǾҪŽҪ֯˵ŵԸάֺã֧ԮڣùҲǿ
ºһȭƵ֡Ҳ͵͵˳ͼŮں档ȻĿⲻסͶҲ㺹εεСǶ˵ʹЩƺиĬȻԸûȥ׷󣬴Ҿ˭ҪȥʹҶžͺá
诺ͼŮҲúܡЩζԶ˲١־ԼĸȭͷСǶ˼Ĵٶôô£˼طǾ͸ƵġţҲûʲôģ
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һƬкõҲ˲ĳɤŶ˵˵ڸôɰɣÿڡǺһĵ˼۸Ŷʲôã
ǳźҲ˻ȥǵȻҪɣʾצʡܶ飬Ը飬ŻУǰıͽ֡⼸֯ǻϵҶˣͽֵܻᣡһͷڵϣӽ쿪ʼ̵Ľгﱸʾ飬˳ļ裬һϣûУ
Ķˣûӣкö콫öƿˡһǣϾ͸ɣ
ҵУһŮӺֵܻ᣿磬ƲŮˣΪʲôǾͲܲμӣ
ҵĿⶼת˹ȥĹĵվô¶ǻ˵ã
ŮӯӯǶһվ˲Խĵ᲻꣬ûмλСġæҵۣҲûг¾ͿѩһŮվǶίƵıԹѪյСӻвͷ˰ضģ
ΪѵǺͨҴǶֵ֧£СμУ˶ҲнӲ̫࣬ϾŮӼҡӹ龫֣ҪʲôǿԶĵ֡
ֻΣѪǱѪ׵˼׼һôҲ
û˵ٰͲǶ鵱УԶ۵Ǿͷ׷׸ͣͽᣡͻ̵һȻŮӲμˣ
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Ƶһ֣ͬᣬ뻤Уг飬׼Ͷǿҵˣ֣
诳缷۾ЦСѶ衣һͷ⻬㷢촽Ц󼸰ٺ˶ˣ޴ڣȻ¶ޣʵǵġ
һʱ䣬ǵĺ٣˶˾ֱֶǿһҲŻѪڡ
ҵУϣǿ룬ΰҵ϶鵱лŮӣʲôܳЩܴЩģ
ʱֱ۾֣Ҽᣡ
Ǽۿʪˣ׼ϽͷЩǻΣվ߶ģ

ˣڳˣ׵ġҪ٣ʮʮֻҪһ֣ϵڻᣬȻȫˡͷƧ֮š
Զ鵭ģˮ̡
һȴ˵ơΪԼһοôĻ˵ȥЩҲһ˽⡣֧ǵģܰǵģֻԶǸ嵽ͷ棬һһ˶ѣ
Żʷڵķ糱˵Լױãþɶֳͣ񵱾ֲ̫ȡԶβֻǴüʮӴ·
ˣʮƽҪ˷ˡҪľֹҪᣬԺԴԴϵĽӼãΪоƻ֧ţ
ƮȥƶͷӵĻġ鷳ԽԽĺá
һţЩңȻǲôװŬһ¶
Լģǲǻˣ·ƣһ·ļҶ˵ˣҲôЩꡣѵףΪ˵λƴһУĸǲģҲΪųã뽫¶ϺһһҲģʹ˾ҪӦԡϾǴһңѪԼúú룬ҶôգУΪ˭
һϯ˵£ԶʱվźļӼүɫǱɫĿ֮ĳ档
ңң˹ֻǴǮ⡣޲ýҹθɾֵ񣬹ʲôʱʹˣ浽˾ʱղίԱ˻ǵÿͿϱȴӮţб£һֱñֻ壬ҲûɣţǴ峯
ͷһԾŶһѯĻĽŭˡһЩӵοͷҲֻǾڼìܡǮλŰݷõղίԱǮҲǲ˭֪һѹ˵Ǯ飬ȴֻǿڿ˵ҪŽ
ⲻǺүȨǽţһһ·οĵľٶүҲüǲˬһﲻϣȻİ
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˹ʱ˹һҲֻпЦҪͨЩҵĹȻǹ⿿ƲܳɡҪõĹͨ硣ֻԼҡŻбţ೤ʱأ
үӸɴȥһҲֻйָǡǸЦݵһ·˳һɫѿúܡɵһ仰˵װûпһɫ
ǵһθоķչԼյа׮׮ԼҪ£ıʱ׻ҪٳΣ
һֻҧݡΣ·ԼҪȥзӵģһзӵģ
ͻȻһ٣ͣһԼ˼ѳƿô⿴ȥͿһˡЦĳ
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λϲҲҪֻǸͨ˵Ķӡε꣬Ϊʲô


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ΪӣæùˣҲ÷ˡǱľ棬һѪ֧ȥǡ
Ѿϻ۾ʱǩѺһ󼱴ٵĽŲ춯»ûü˭Ϳſڸʲһƣʿ˫˫ߵüˣſЩײš
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ʿһţԣôҲô˵ţǱģʲô飬ǾͲˣ
ڵЦΪһСղίԱͻĻȾߡҪǴȥ˭ţǶһζУ
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ƣһЦ۰̫˰ԡ޼ɵġĽ

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ߵǰʲһĳֽ̲סһڵĵ籨Ѽ۸氺ôһ籨õûǮš籨ˣŵ籨ˣ
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֮ùһһ׻λεӥһضǡ

֨֨Ӹ˿ˡЦĿһ壬ž飬ǸһУΪֵõıݡ
İǹԶˣҲѪһĸϵ֧һοľٶ
һֻװŵںںëɪ˰ʽǹԲͷӵӵ̵ġװˮʦȷǲ³ʿ־õʽǹװˮϡһֻӣǹǹһ֧֧ļţҲһǹӵ⼸ʮѼһٷӵôˡ
Щӣһղû¶ȥͷˮˮ˵ǹղá⽻õĳ˭żģԶԶĹСӵӰӡȥԲͨĺ˼ʽ飬һûӡ
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ҿЩǹеѧĲ˵һЦøһֺȻӡеš¾ˣ˭Ҳ֪᲻ӣмһϡӦһЩ
ǣͿž־ժһǹžһת֡Ż㶵ĻתСŮһֵţһӵ͵һһͣѾסӣӰһѾӵ˽ȥͷĵͷĿ¼תڣüһ߶أүһ˭
һžŵһëЩӶžˣ泤ѾͷˣǹЩʲôʱҪǹǾЪˡ
ҡͷЦˣǺܺáҲб޻ܲǱáڿһƽܾЩԡ
۵꣬Ļȴһ˺ô˼ŵȶסƣ糱ͷ棬һջ֮ģһ治ҪǳʲôӳϾƹµûȫ£ңѾﵽ൱ã£˲˲šֻҪƲ䣬Ժǿġãͬ˻˼ʮ꣬ǧ롣ֻһΣû漣һ죬Ҳδ̫ʵˡ˺õĿͷûкõĽ
ȴڵԣֻǾĺһ˵һϯˣңľƽԼҸ˵죬Ҳáһ糱ݺݵǡǲ֧ġ
һʱķӦ죺Ϊ̸֮
ֻǵһЦÿˣֻӵġżҸֻڻ۲Ʋĳ˺˽Ҳлצ۵ϡ˸һĳ̶ȣ˱Ȼٳ׸һУ裬ֻͷǻٲŶֻ½޵أл۵ļʡҪ˺ĿС
һӵ죺Ϊ̸֮˵ǺеҲǿ˵һİ
ҡͷЦûõģ壬ҲֻҴ˺ͻ統С֪˶ǵĳɼ֮Ƕ˵Թ֮ҪǴ˵ִˮű˼ɵվһ߶û֪ҲǼɵǵġҪǹҸǿһЩöǶţ
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˵һҾʱƮƮȥԶһıӰһʱЩɵˡԼ׽ʷʲôˣ
ʱ˿̣˶ڷŪǹеȴվǶ֪ԼЩʲô
̬Щʧˡ
֨ѽһ죬ȴŽ΢Цݣһ
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һͷǿ֡ץžƷչķȻһƽиӵĲ
ʱ˵أҲֻǿûʲôԵĵط
üƽúܣʲôҲûһյлεࡣѧЩֲۣȥοҲ࣬ûʲôϤסһж
һ۴ģЩ˼õù¡ҲֻҡҡͷԼģѾˡģҲֻо䡣ŵ˼һбʣ뷨ɶԼĶ
͵һ֣ϣҶ˯þܾţվд䣡

һյͬʱʳ¯Ǹǣ˷ܵȺһá
Ϊӵܣ½ʽЩ˻ᵳķɡ
йŵĹعһƬ֮˶롣վǰ˷ܵͨ죬ռһεжŬ˺ǻľģҪ質飬ǵȫҪ󣬶תצֳ񵱾֣֪Ҳ۸
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һȺ꣬һоƣȻȫĽˤ顣
ӴǾֵܣ
һŵϣȫ˷ܼɫЩֿȭ꣬Լȴޱȵĳ㡣

ڶצʡܶ
֮ܶϣɫĿеĵ籨
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ӡȨצʡԽбҪжһǡôô˵ľٶղίԱˮɧҷ֮󣬿ָΪⳡɧҵߡҪʱʹ
˷ϻ۾֡
̹󲽵˹վı
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̹Ӳһ񣺡費Ҫƹģ
һЦ뷴ҪеҪƹģֻԹۡɡ죬ҵϢ
ǣһ̹УӦָɴˬ졣
һĺͬȶ


ڶʮ һ죨ϣ
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ɫɷͷĻ˵Ǿкѧͽ°šҲˮ㶵ֵЩ۾߳Ŷʱ򡣾ͷֽͷβĸУѾۼ˺ЩˣǴŰɫӵˡ
ңǻˡ
Ҳ֪ôۼġҶ̸ţţһĶ̿ˣеŽŲ棬ɰдſںš
еģվȺ棬ĶԱĵһμлҪ˿ǵŽᡣֻҪǻŽһˣʲôú£ҰŮͬѧΧڵСվ档ֻܺǵĿںšĿ꣬צʡĺܶ
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ҵүƼң֣ң¼ҵЩүǶƼ˲١Ű׳£ӣһСġһŲõЦݡ·ڹʲôһ
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ܽȨ
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ͷβԶԶһЩţǶ䵶ЩҴܡû˸ҿͭУһЩѾ½˹ҹûֵװĻûֵȵҲûмˡһٿñžɵۣ⬼ˣֹǧһһֱ
ҲԼ̵ĸԱߣ˷ܵСͨ죬۾ġɫӽõýģֻ¶õЦݡ⻹ǵһο诣һ̣˲λ飬ֻʣĿѣԡǵĺһ̶ҪӴվڶ棬ĺһʮУϳУڿʼǵĺɣٲֻ˳ܵˣ
һɺʱӿ˽ֵվڽֱ߿šеĻ˽ȥһɹɺ¸һľǾɵšЩӿˮɵʿޱϴǵ飬ƺҪԶˮҪ
צл˶ӿʼʷУδйĳ档ȥ굱УһֱֻǱΪ͡áº͡Ļ壬ҲһηΪһ亣ĺ
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ʵĳѾֻ꣬ǵȴʵʱ份ѡֻҪһСС֧֣ľЩӰٱ飡

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ֵǹٵͭԶԶˮǶӼװ˳ǰװ忪ʼ١оٶʽѲ󽢵ˮҲ˹Щֳط۵ˮ֣ģ˿ǰЩˮǵľٶʱǵĿЦ
һﻹʱûнӵĵ籨ΪܲЩУҪһüĿеõءĹٶǹһһ죬ֻҪüëװĻ
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ҶԼԼ˵ˮƺҪÿüͷںװɢȵΡˮҲͰȵԼսλ
ΪԸͬһһѣֻҪ˴˲˵ߡʱûߣװһ޵Ȼ
˴ˣϲȥˣúҲˣˮҲˡʲôˡԶһνͨʣʲôʱáǲ˹飬˵СëԼޡת˰ˣ޲á
˵ԶĴǵӹγĸʲô¶ҲҲ׵˼
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βŵＸʮˡ˵úáѵǾŲܣǱһ죬ҲǾܶƽһ졣ûпЩ˰տǵ۹⣡ʲôʱҴں⣿
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һЦղ˼õˡڰ֣ȥɣʱ׼һ£ĸӵҪѹˣ

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Щ飬ȴΪתȥʱͻȻɫһ䣬ԶԼԼˮС
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ҪʱϧŻƤ죬˵һЩȵĺݻ
һ¶Ҫľٶȥŵλֽһ㡣ҵҲӵа
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һǽ߾Լˡ
ÿ³˯СʱʱȻδǲŴԽʱ޿ҲûеԼ˹Ǻ
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ݵˣУ꼯ϣѾϽгȥˣеĻУʦ¹ݱţϾ֪ͨˣӦӦԣ
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һһ߿űѥӣݣ̸ҴţңȥܶţһҲܵ飡Ҳˮҵ
ݽ⣺ˡЩ˳飬չʾô
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ʿޱϴѾƺƵĶȺеĴתȥ̵Ȼٽ֣ܶʹ¾ʿޱϴĶϴͿѾд֣¼Сÿ϶ѩİ䵶ľ档е˱Ŵʯͷ
жҵЩٿñ죬֪ӵʲôѾĺˣֱ˳ʿޱϴԣȺΪ֮һա˹ķѾ׷ߵĻ˵
ǰһ٣Ķ黹ڲϵӿЩվǶĿЩѪڵǡ
һ̣֣µıƺȻ
ϵĻԶＯϣԶӵͷŰײŪŰ䵶ǰ档еĿ൱֮Щݺݵ˽Ȼͬ
ĵ趯ݵͣվڶǰĿɿڴĿǰһСǰЩг˳޵
һǻֵĺūצȥʱΧһƬӦͣǵء
Щ꣬μֳ棡һȷŭǺۺѹѹıͽЩı׷ĻϰԱвӿЩԾͣסеıġ
磬ô죿ĿⶼǣǵУȣҲпڲţҲǿжһ˹Ĵģ
ѵһκƽĳ飬ľôǵʯѾͶ˹ͷЩȸԾڶҲİһ顣ҵðǣǻѪһӿǼǰʲôҲ赲ǻŽǿĺ
ΧӦ͵ĺͬʱǸ첲Ÿ첲ʯͷǰһͷϵѪվڶǰ档
ЩͣסͶʯͷ֣ŶƶĳǣЩηʲôʱЩŽᣬǿӲˣЩ׷Ļ˵ԱϰҲͻȻҵĹһĿʼַ
һ̣֪鵱У˭ĺһһȺײͷź䵶ľͽѾԽڶֱһֱĻ˶飡
һЩͽѾ˽а䵶ҿһﳶҽϵĴЩҲ۾һпԻĶƴЩǸ֮ڣȡάһĴеʱºƽĻӵܣҲʨһң
Ѫ֣Ѵѵʱ򱻳ΪӡΪӡıͽ㿴ѪͬҲӿƴķ׺ݵ˶ûԸˣڲϵǰӿ
֣Ƕǰ쳯ϹѺû뵽֮Ҫ裿
ʿޱϴѾ˿񱩵ĺ

ˮ¹ڣһþƿĲ¡󲽵˳ԱѾϣǹеѾ档
ǴӴӵ죬һŵĿǰһС
ڱֺֿˣʹð
һȴûֻԶ޴֣¡Ѿл𣬺ֱϰաԱ۾Ĳת
ſղ̣ȥǵͬ
ԸΪǰݴ󲽿վñֱҲǲס
һĵͷתͷݣÿ󣬶վ߰˸ѧˮϵԱ顣
Ƕղ̣һ·ҴѶһ·ԶԶڵĸۿڣҪڵϢǲʲôֶΣ˭Ҫ˭ͱң
شģƽؾ
һԶЩٴе죬ͻȻЦǴ壬˫عǻȣߡ


ڶʮ һ죨У
ţ󳼵ǽ죬ڲԺڵĻһ¶ûһ¶Ʈš
ЩʲվñֱֵѲٶǶ͵͵ڵˮ³ԯڣƫƫǲ̶磬ĸôһλ˧˯Ǿͳˡ
ȻѾǳǻšһ󺮷紵ѲٶǶ͵͵ĳ̲ƤŲӡ
ڰöЩζƵʱ򣬾ͨͨͨĽŲֱҵĿⶼתȥͿʿж󲽵ĳߣԱһ밲ĸʲѲ١Ҳƣǵͨ졣³İִּ
Ѳٶڲ²⣬λôˣ˲ɣ
ʱҲûãϸ̺ӣ棬Ѿ߷ĺĵ¹ҽƵӪƷĻµʳ͵ŮڶʫϥǶҲţơ֪˼תȥ
ſͨʿͶǾˣؾصĺ´ǧʿȴһë߶ֽãŽһ±ֽûУ
漸˵Ŀⶼת˹°ڰ̵֣ļѾ߶ʱ˳ȥ̺ǵֽͬЦôûţʱʳ¯Ұһ֪ôô·ͨͨĵط͡ⱨֽÿһݶôҲÿųǧӡʾеӹ̷ͬţڱ㣬ͨĵط֪ٵطĴУڼʿӣ̷ͬݱֽ
һЦϢ˰ɣ̷󵨵ıֽһʿӶԷͣ˭ֻ֪ЩءҲʲôײˡ
ʿԣ㻹ţ
¶ʫλѾСΪŮݲŸĻş̌ͷ̷˵ʲôˣ
ҶΪȻʿҲֻǶµţ̷󵨱ֽ˵צ֮¡צ·糱һһ˵ղίԱһ·οӵΪ˾֮տɱȴں̻ʥ֮ѧֹλղίԱ治ǣ⵽衣ղίԱצڼ䣬ȻдзȻ󳼣ͨ̽ˣȴһֱڶ壬ǡֽϸ˹ȥʮ꣬ǧ˵Ǵʵʱ飡
˵̫Ǻţƽƽּ˵ǶˮʦԴָǴ޵ıˮʦѲҷ󣬶Ǹ½¶ȴвǿºͷ̣Ҳ˵ʹ򣬺ŷһСھȻ˺ᱩĺڣ
õӣʮǰ³滪λˡʱ˽棬ʱҧ˳пԶϻ˫عӣֱ׳Ľצ磬Զϻ˫ع¶ǾͲӲˣϵţµ԰콻ȫһɨ˽ȥǸãƲ˹ϵˮʦǶղίԱǸǴӱԱǱ䱸ѧõġƨɣǲҲò
ֻǾţͻȻתͷЦڣԣ㾩Щô˵
ָ³ģʱ³һ͵˱Ǵι飬ǳ˿ءڴõĻָֻţ˵һСղίԱǸġƶڱء֪ǻ᲻ͦ֡վ˵ۣһƬɱβǰҲҲˣý˱ˮʦҲѧ´ʣ˵һ˼ǧӣΪʲôȥ棿ǹˣûģСˣҾ̷֣ûһצڱˬܽ׵ף˵ôˬһ½ɨ˽ȥ
ʿһԵ㣺̷󵨻һӺƸģǸŵĵϸҶ֪ٴǮôһݣ̷Ұ֮δеĹͷˣǶǻצ۲ʹ첻ˣָʹ̷󵨷ϢôŴһùǶ壬֪һ¶Ŷˣ
ֻһЦҲЦͼòˡڳ͢ڵģβ󲻵粨ǵ⣬׹˭ˣֻܰͽˡһϢ̷һ׺ʢˮḧ磬˴粽áָһ߶һ߶Ұˬ졣ҲĪ˿
ָͷ渵һھŷӰ¼ѾʿӰͷһΣˮȥֻ͢Ը⿴Ŷһֻƽ˳֣ҪôҪ̷֮ͬôĴ⺣⴫ľȵĿˣЩǣǿһ㣬⼸죬һкã˵ϱ޵ģҪˮһ㳯ϵݣȻλǸ̨ع֮󣬿»Ҫǣǣ
һϯҵ˶ȥˡʿû¶˼̬ʿһ࣬Ҳһ費裬ɵɵЩӡôҲˡȴǽһһıԶǵĶ
ɫģֻǿˣֻҪһ壬ҲɵáǿӲǵкöġȥˣˡ⣬ҲġǾӵ֪ҹǾңԶôһ²ҪＸû˵ֻҪ˼ӣͿԷĲȨǹŽšֻҪ˵ӡãһУǶСˡһڹⶼвߣָգΪ־Сۣ
ҶʱȻֻǱĿšβһҡͷһС̨ûû£ô˼
µһЦ˵ˡߵʱɵ
ſ۾䣺ǶˣҾͲƣ˳˳βǵûֻҪ飬ǸӦԣҪץ̫Сӡһа취
ת˹ȥŶ͢ǲģΪ¶
һǧִãܣԼ¡Ǹ֡
һЦʲôҿˮúã¶һ͵֣һȻֳʲôã糱ĻҲǱˮʦĹ͡ǵǻǲ塭Űɸλ͢ǵҳͷһƨɣҵҪƣͷӲ
°Ȼɫֻ̾һ
糱ȻƼ֮ĩֻᴵη
ʱӿһ󡭡зսľ棬ֽη仯

֣ǰѾһս
꣬Ӹһɹɵļսš֪ж٣Ǵǰ󣬴ңǧ˵ĶΧסſڣźӣͷĽʯҹǿһЩľͻŰ䵶˹ûͷûĵҿµĵֻ̣Ҫл˵ľ˹ȥң𡣵ҽе
ⳡͻȻȴƾˣڻ˵ĸͱͼѾõЩͽʱ֯൱ã޼ɵڷйǵ
ʿޱϴ棬һӰӣȫЩЦС
׳Ļĵڶ棬ģþľšЩʦҲ۾ǰ棬ץŵʲôÿһ°䵶Ļ裬ЩϽѪ⡣һ˵£һ˾ͲϡǺŲ־ĿںţƴĻŶ鵱еĻŮꡣ
צۣеŰٷ֮ʮϵֳصֵ˰աԼͣЩɹ̫Ƶʱȴǵİӣ
˸ˣ˵¡黹ΧȦӡǰֿŮӹʯͷͶȥǰδеķЩͽԣǴʿޱϴȥԭȱŵСģɧԽԽʧȥ˿ơл˵̱ȼ˵Ա׷ɱֱһĻĻݡ
ˮһƬɱĺ

צʡܶܶվڳȴ̨棬ˮĴḷ֣́һĺɱ
ϵţ̱ɳ;棬;棬һεεˮ顣
ŲʽĲܶûͷҲ֪ǵ̹У
һʧصչʾܶ
̹УվߣɫܶˣһܹصƽġҲΪŮĳξðˣ˻ٽ裬ɱˣǻҪ˶ãˮ·˽Զסһ졣ҲҷǵͳΡΣûǰ˲μӣǵֺܸɾ
˵һЦô͹ڵֳдء֣һŷӹʿɺһƿմˮëŵģǱͰ
ҪӱôУ
̹ӹƱζǳǳһڣλղأǵѲأ
̹ԶˮֳᲽӪѾ¹ݺ͵˸۵̨߰ٵ˰ڷǡǵĺҲʼжˡЩűӵˣֻǵıµűҵĹȥûа˵Ľ
ֺһھƣãȻԶȥǶûϵλϽͷżαƺùģɧҰֻһԱߵм䡭ЩˣЩʲôΣľҳеһкУסΣЩԱܵ˺ֻϣǹԹԵļβˣ
ŵ̹ȻܶȴԶָԶУΣ⸱һֲпô

һֻڼᶨǰ
ʽҲĵ̨Σҧ촽ûڳ档ȴվڳԯĳԱߣղȫŹĸѧĹơ֧ôĬһֱǰ
ݳ壬ܼҲıҲˣȵžСñкӵĴ磬վһֻǰǰѲڹӵµǹ
ѧǽĿһȭͷýġŴ
ٶ;ĻӶ飬ھٵĴ£ϵĵǰ档Ĳ֪ʲôȴЩѧļʲôҲ赲ǵĶ顣ֳᲽӪʿǾ˲ǹŴ̵ѧȴЩ̵ײȥǲòһˣ赲Ķű忪һ֯ƴš
ѾҼұջѾǵͽ˹׷żͷѪĻˡÿһڳһͷѧƴƿǰǹСЩк
ĺûԺп˵һ㣬ײײӿѧЩǰˣЩͽһ̣ѧȥ׷򣬶ǵͷܡ
еĽĵѧĺһ򿪣Ķǻ˵İգδȿޣˣȾǻ˰ɣ
нһ·ԽԽ̵ĻѾ֪˷ֻ֪λ߸վ棬ɫղǰߣ
赲Щ;Ѿ󺹣бѾ֪ٴΡҲ赲ǰĵ·ǰЩˣһ۾ƺҪó˻ĬĬĺǽе˳ȥƿ̵ֶѪȴһ㶼ûע⵽ԼѾƵģ
ۿһĶԽԽ׳ֶָӵһУͷ󺹡ǵǰΧ¹ݣǲÿ𣬲öղίԱʹССһ֧ĬǰƽĻнǸ޷赲
ȥܶŵѾһһ֧˶ȴԽԽѾм˵ĹģѾԽԽԿۿǾҪʿޱϴѵǼǻҵĳ浱ȥ
һվڳϣֻЦ·ϣͽֻҪһ͵ͷܡˮطǴð̣ҽֱڳϼվȣ
˻Ūƽ⻪˵ֶΣֻҪˮ޵İ˶ھǾ֪òҲףиڵ˸ۿһǣЩˣˮطȫͽȫɧұϽУǸӶѣһ𣬲ų޴ıҳ档ºڣҲֻ޵֣ҪطȴɧҵƽϢЩȫûȥЩͽȤϽͷƸļô˵˼
һҪЩӣʲôĳ棡
ۿѾԽԽȽʿޱϴ֣µİ𱦶ɼǸУɳȥŵ˶ĻɧңѪͨܶ·ȫϼǾһʿޱϴ
һĶǰͻȻһգЩʵķ·ͣס˽ŲѸٵĳÿͶĿ⣬Щ޵ѧֻЦһ
ûп˼
飬ǻ˴ˣŲҪĵء

֣Ѿҵʱ
վڶǰ棬ͷϣѾ֪˶ٴ˺ۡһ趯еģһͽƿߵȴԽԽ١һ˿ڵ£еıͷеı˴ˡһȺȺͽѾӴССȱڳ壬涼һЩС꣬Ůӣ
课ȦĶ鵱УЩŮӣһ˵ϽϵӸǰ˿ڡʯһ£һ궼ǵšŮҧ촽ۿתǰԽԽ࣬ƴЩͽĽšһͷѾ׵ĻУʦ˺üƴҪվЩŮǰȴֱѰ䵶ͽ͵ĳ˹诰һԱǰֱԼͷֻǾĿЩͽ
ⳡǰɧҵУȻѪǻҺɫȴȻסͽһ¿סֱܲ˹ŷӦ˴һӿ˹ЩŮѧʱ¶ްЦݡֽųһ诡ȴһСһ²嵽۾棡
ѪһͷһǡĿ궼ʹһĻѪŮֶ˹ֻҪܶĻ꣬Ҳƴӿⳡл
ʱ˭ܾԼΣҲ䵽ЩƤ˱ЩͽߵŮһ·Ŀ޽У
ҧݣȥѪǻҡԼĸ绹ƴĲѾȵˡ
ЦЦǻˡûصӣ͵ԼĿڡ

һʿޱϴһģôһͽΧǧŹ˺ĳ棡
֧ССĶ飬ÿ˶ը˷ΡһЩȦ˳ͷһЩ۾Ѫ죬ͦѧǣ񿴵һеŵˣеƴкֳѾҵ˵ز˭ü
ЩЩѧֿȭ̽ŵ߹ȻҲм˵Ĺ⾰
һⳡ棬ֻǽҧݣ̧һֻ֣ȫ嶼Уǹ𣡴˲ٵģӰǶţ
һղĶƿ߰ѧѾվһ֧ëɪ˰ʽǹ


ʮ һ죨£
ˣˣˮˣ̳ߣԶĸܼݳ½ƽһŵĳ޾ŵСԶ͹ؿڣ仰˵þȻǴϢ
ں棬仰һͦվ
½ƽҲǺ͵͵͵ϹУ֮佣յˡЩӣԶ֪ˣ֪ˮĽţ˺ô˼ϣԶʱҪʲô顣û뵽ʲôʲôⳡңûжȥ
һѾӳϺе͸죬Ȼ˵ĴĿģ
ͷϵȺѾɧһСһܡЩӣ˶ͷԶԶ򽻵ͷ涼һ˼Ѫһֽˮȥ
ۿڲԶɽ̨ΧҲᲽñӳݡεδĺһţͷٿԶˮҲҷ׷׵ܣװһָ࣬ǳĻ
ʽѲڵڿʼչ¯һûһĿʼðǵˮҲװҴܣԵսλê㶵ĿʼˮźҲæҵ
½ƽԶŵţô죿
ĿԼԶšˮ˭ҲϵľǰҲӿ˳ˮļװһ࣬Ž뾡ĿԶһЩ
һˣȻ˵Ӷûģ
½ƽԶĵţԶţʾδã
üͷ˴֣ҧݣѾ²ˮֺͽͷվڽĵıӳ
½ƽָָѲ󽢷򣺡ӹˣҴðêǻᱣǵİȫţǰڿڣ£
ӱĹ׮׮˼Ժʳһšطʲôͻôڹڵǰ̾͵Ϊֹ˵ʲô֮
ǾԼԶӾǰڿڣͶ
ҧס촽ݺݵһˣêͽλţ˲ңҲˣԶҵָ£Υ
½ƽؽţŴͲ´սλĿĴͬװȺɢԾλβڻƵ£Һѹ£ʼת
Զŵֹš
˾˼
ֻĶŶųʮرɼʮءԽԽࡣЩ޺ƺźԼԼƮ˹
һżʮԱͬڲ֮ذԼ˵ԶԶղίԱˮ˰յ̩ɽ֮ѵԼĶǣ
ۿ֮ɽͷ̨žʽ²ķ˹ʴѾҡ˹ԶԶЩеĻʹúڻҩľڣʲôв¯ҪСʱıЩ½̨ǰӣ
ڶСŶĺѲ󽢣û۾
̣˹ʱ˹ȻԼδôԾϵĴ
Զźһһεķ½ƽԶֻǿŵ飬ƺϣϨһ棬Ǹһ
½ϵͷǰ棬һɧҡڳˮӿȥĴһеԶʯͷǸӹȥͷϾļʮʮˮǸطȥͷѹѹġĿǸطתȥԶţԶŵĹٱĿҲǸطͶ˹ȥ
ģͿһղӿͷ½ƽһˣˮӳˣ
壬ˮֽǰ˽ӳ
Լղյأ쾭壬ĵԶҲͬţӦˣǵҲʼˮǿ׳ˮŲǹ׼ˮ
һٶӱţ˾ź춼ңȫװˮ˻ߵĴ󺰡ȻҲ֪ǵ˼ΦĹ˹ŵǷƣڵȵСھҡˣ
ʾսλˮͬԼСھҡÿ۾ɵôġ
ҲвֻĿͷΧһһ㣬еһƬ٣ǿɲ¹һôá¹ݵһǲö̵ǹжУǺġԲһͻƣЩֲʿޱϴһ¾͵һǳ˴šľȴܵЩʹԱ͸ۿѲ󽢻ϡ˲ܿǹʲôֶζϣֳ񵱾ֵ˼Ҫһ¹ݺúöġֱǽܼȳʵܱοػȵνղƲҲֻܻˣ
ȺԽӿԽֻ࣬ʯͷȴǹУþþٿǶƴƴŹ򡣴ӽǸȥֻһȥֱƳѾ˴ͷ󺹣ôŬǵĶֻڻˡ治֪赲Ƕһ
ֻ췺ˮ彦ѩ׵˻Ӵˮ档ʮˮʱƴĿʼÿͷһСվͷĺźӡ˫ˮҲɴ۾ԵĶšֿĽһһɤŴ󣡿Ѿýġÿľ٣ۻ󣬶ɫ
ͷǱߣѾ˵󣬱ǺˮδȵģѾӿȥͨͨǽһɴࡣ½ƽڵߵ˶ǰԱ·ˣЩӸӣֻҪ˵˴ϣǾߣҲû˸ϵ
ȴֻǲ˵еԶ߬ˮԶҲ˳ţӵˣ̷Ŵ
˼һڴʱ赲ںһɢÿͷ棬žкЩ˵ˮЩˮʦĹͽƿǹȭͷ赲ģֻССһ֧ѧˮɵĶ飬಻ʮˣ
ÿ˶Ѿгƣͷףе˻ѪһǰˣеĺӼ˹ȥ֪ʮӣôڰٶ˵ƴ赲У壬ȭͷӲҳһѪ·
Ǵӵųоһղ졣Բ־ˮĺ統нƮ
ͬͷˣѪ˳½εİղ죬ԶԶķ򣬳ŽĵƴӭЩˮ󺰡
յأͬţˮҲֹ˾뿪˴ˣ˴壬ֻڴ֮ڣ
Խֻĺ֮ص
Զžĺݺһˡ
ּӵӲѹɱ죡ʵȴ
½ƽһתͷȥֻѾҧ촽һѪ

žžž¿ھǹһĽ𣬾Ȼǧ˻սĳһ
С壬ӵߵͣס˽ŲŵĿǰһС
һվڳϣЩµʬȳѪһһɱˣȻûаʵĸо
ȻˣĪҪη죬Ҫ
Ǵ󺰣ʲôȥȣݸղҲǹˣѧСȴδǹˣһһ⺺ӴһѾγںںǹһֲ֪óһѺһİ䵶ͷͳ˽ȥ¼ʮӣҲķͻɽһǰˣ
ӭǹ޵ĵͷܣǳ嶯Щͷһǹ˸߰ǹָţǹðŰ̡̱Ⱥǿ˶٣Ҳ׵׷ʲô飬ʱҲͷܡ
һ嶯һ㣬ʱһš
һԳ߰˸ŲǹŵֱѧԸѣһǹɢ˵
˵žһǰ󣬴󲽵ľͳǰߡžգʱǰžһ˶һǹһһġ
֮Щڱͷܣ΢뷴һ£һӵʹ˹ڷҽеĿǻˡ
ЩһǻԡѪŵЩꡣеѾԹȥ²֪еĻУʦͷѾ߰ˣ϶ٴĵˣʬ廹ĵѧǰضģǱשͷѧǳ忪һ㣬ЩͷѪǿЩӣӯ
һֻǸһŵһŵĳǰߣȶĿĹٷ
ˣˣ
һſǻй񿴵˾һһҲֻвסֻ񣬲סĸЩѧǰС
ҵȣ
ѧǶ۾ĳǰ塣һʼǹӵܿꡣǵƴӡ֪жӸǿǳ忪һһ㣬ۿҪӽġȴ˼ʮӴŵĶ顣Ǿѵ֯ҲǳáղŵʩҲǺ۾ĵѧǵǰζû忪ЩĲ״ƺǵںĴҲ֪ˣʩͲҽеԽĸ
ۿֳһΣÿ˶˼ˡĵ˻ÿǴģĴŴһĵôЪЪˣ
ݻͷһۣԸΪЧ
Щ̶Ŀ⳯һͶһֻǺһҳǰˣݣҵҪûлǰ˵;
ʮѧˮֶһۣؿڶѪӿλˣҲˣ
Ѿһܲ˵ĳǰȥһǰ壬Ȼһֱȶһֱ΢΢ҲҲƵĳݵǰͷǹҲžžž죬ǰͷĿģͽһ¾ص
һѧЩ翹ӵУ֪˭һҽСİ䵶ӲĽһͷԴһ룬Ĵ
һγЩ翹ļһɥͷܡˮ̻֮࣬źЩƴһӿ˽ŲֱֱĴ˽ȥžСѾǽŵĺ飬Ҫһǰ棬ӿ
һ͸һѧǶӣ׵ԣǰͷһһĻ걾ѾŮ趼ڵҵӣһᶥԻ͵߽ʱ졣
һټĴ󺺣ץһŮ󣬲֪ǲɵˣܣֻǴĿһ߽ǰһȥ־һ֧Ѫ֣ʱñҽСץŵǸŮſڵϣһһע⵽ɫ㷢
ⲻǡ
æ˹ȥžţǲҽеֲһţԼүԶŵһæŮӷҵ㷢£һСѪǺһСƫˣ˰ؽȥǱ߹ǵסˣѪȻ
ŮգĽëסѾ΢Ӹ˰أ¶ٯ˺϶ȵǡƵ񼡷ǲ˵ĺۼǸ诣˭
΢΢һȥԼƵĽڣ
˵˰أѾ׻˹ȥ

žžžžһǹ
ֻǸ˼ǰܶ͸Ӷһ
ɻֲ䣬ʱһǹ
ûǲǹ
͵վԶȥ͵ֻͷԼ٣ǵڿǹôЩǹ
̹ҲɫţǵᲽгǹ٣ֻ˺ٵӵÿǹͻֻ֮ԹߡЩԲǹĻᣡ
Լ˵üתͷǹǴ֣һסĴȻܼһֱšʱһţʱȴǵ춯
˶ͷһһתͷʧأ׵ʧܣǹܴģֻἤɧң̵ˣȥ飬ȥ飡ȥƾ棡
̹Ĵ󺹣г˵ְּΡ޶ȵġɧңܶ˼ôˣ˳㽫ɧǸղοΪϣ֧Ӭˡ
һûϵΪͻȻϽֳ飬ĸ󷴵˶ĺһ򿪣ģķչˮе̻֤
ڰֳ񵱾˵Ҳûʲôµġɧֳ񵱾֣Ʋ㡣Ҳܿؽǵļ԰͵һȺ
ǶûϵǣھȻǹ𣡲ǹǻǹɧҾͺ˵ʲôչˡǿ־ģ
ȥ飿һǧ˿ˮʮһ󲿷ڵ˸Ӧܶһ֧ҵӡֵѾȫװļ룬᲻ӾƵĶ񻯣һǲ̫Ƶˣ뿪ˣܶô죿УԼһȥɧֳ飬ҲûǸӡ
ﶼǹˣ
Ǿʹľɧҽ⣬һЩѵͷˣ֪ʲôʱֲط죬ԭش롣Ҫǣβ֪ͨõǣ
뵽Щ棬ڿǰܶεŭɫУˤס
Щ⣬ԼǸִߣƾʲôʺȫ۵Լͷϣ
ܶǰҲֻܽӲ˫һܶ£ȥ顣桭
˵ĿⶼͶȥ֣¿ʼɧңѾƵĴӡЩĻҪ潼⣬ЩҾ۾ӵ


ʮ һǰϣ
ˮǳ׵Ļˡ
ֻҪѪǱ˵ģԼģֻἤǸԡһֳصּƻģ޶ȵôŵɧңѾչõ˶޲ߵĵز
ʿޱϴ֣ǰɢͽ໽Ҵܡȼ˵̣׷Żˣйǵԡ
һɧҵĹģһûϵΪֳص֣ղίԱˮ£ڷжֳ񵱾ͬҲûϵû뵽Ͻͷһ¸ӼĶԿ
ͽǲϵĻӿȥ۾ĻңӣԵõĺôһ·ƻȥˮѾ˼

һᱧ诣ŮӵĴţһͷɫ㷢ס԰ʧѪݡһΧŵģԡѪѧӣһſǹϵĴŴҵĿⶼ¿ȥֳǶЩѧõһǷЯ׵ĸϽߣûԸ˵ֻðĿ⿴һĿĺÿѧѾȦͨ졣
һĲ诵ͷľදﻹ΢ţֻ߲˿ڣѪԽԽࡣžҧ촽վ͵͵һ诵ݡûи˵
˶ͻȻһ꣬ҲͷѪֻʵ¿һۣʱͶתͿһﱧŵ诣һӣײײľ˹
ǰע⵽һһ͹ˣȾӣȾǻ˰ɣ
ĺʱһѣղŵȫȻΪʲôûϵֳ棬ΪʲôôһŮӻһϢΪղݣʱס棬ʵȴ
ĺȶ׻磬ʷʲô
ǵһʱûжˣֻоסƣȳˡ
⣬ֳ棬֮꣬Ҫٴη
ûѪͱѪرȻЩ鷢ˣͲغڣҪ̬Լ־ת
ͷ侲ͷֱ̧ͷɿ诽˶ž飺ϽֹѪоȣ
ž촽诽˹ȥָֻ׼ץסذױһӾͽذװγƺһŤžһͰ˿ڵѪžѾ²ִλһַ֮泤ѾͷȻһǰߣѪ˵ĳȴöˣ
ֻǴĿӣһһѳǻ˾۾ĵط
ǷӦ˹棬棡嶼ǶĹ˼Ҿ춼ǶҲɶ𣡡
һҪȻˣÿҵһվȣһվǰ
̨ղѾѪ࣬ٷǰҲһ顣ΧЩѧͶĿ⣬ȴȫȻЧѪϡ
ȫ壬ܲҵôһղίԱգԼͬߵ統УǵĿѿԼĿѣ
ǧվ裬ĹͷһѧǣһѪ·Ǿģ
վֱӣˣһ仰ô죿ǣӴ˾͸ˣֻйǿˣǲŲ裡
һ΢һͷתͷ䣬ٺĻǴ󺰣ǣֻԼܾԼˣʲô˼ʲôһΣҶ÷ڳԱģǴͷߣǶıᱣǵģеɫĺúӣܾȶ˾;ȶˡЩͽֶѪѪ
Ӧ͵ˮһ𣬳졣º͵Ļ꣬ҲڿԼͬԼǵŮӣ⵽ֲҵĶԴ֮󣬱һͷͷޡϵשͷ߿飬ԷվһǰһЩ˻סԱֱ̧Ĵĵ˸ȥͽ·ΪȫԱܶĶ߬һʯͷϣͽҧҲҪҧһ
һ͵תѧǹ󣬸󲽵ĳǰһɴСѧĻǰ棬ӵٺľǴӴӵѪ߰ߵĻ꣬һǰӿ
ۼһԼž鱧űԼ߰ͷ诳ĸһڳϷƽĿ΢΢һ¶վڳЩǹѧæÿһλӵǸϽ߿ԭŮӵģ̫ʥòַˡ
Ҳôˣ㳾ȾûֶһɫĽһ壬ӹһƫŽǰԯƥ˻żԭתȦžһʱǰ壬µ˷ſŲŴһ·ȥ
һɫӽҧţԼҪеĻˣ

ڵ˸ۿڣʮˮ壬һˮǾȲȥʱڳΧΧһȦʮëɪ˰˲ǹţǵǹǹڡ;ǱΪʮᡣ֪ЩߴĻôȺɱһѪ·ģ
ټ⼸ʮȫװüĿˮΧŵȦӲԾľ͸ɢһЩȻǹĶǡ
ͷûĽνͷֻЩǹ˶š
ˮȻγȻʡǿеĻҩζȴŨƺһ춯һս
̱ڵϴڵĴŴҪŵղ֧ţƾҪ̱ڵˡղԼµǣѾѪ⵱һ־ե˳ԼӣôҪģðǹʯ飬ŶԼĸߴ׳ôһ·
ĸоá
һˮʦСٵĴһѷס̧ͷȥԼͬһ̣ûб˾ðĵˡ
ֵܣúӣߣһϴٸҶǵĴҲǳصģ
վҲЩŵһĭȻɬ󱻵һһҪء˵Ҫ
СȻƽһ񣺡ҲӸҲը̶
һЦСʣǲǡ
ָָǻ˵ķӣɱҲǡȥˡ
Сٽ嵶ýģתͷˮ͸սλ̴ðһһŤһ£˲ٵģôôһˣ

ˮľãʱѾһƬšǿ޽еӰȥȴ֪á
լԺĸţѾĹҼڼҵĶӴŶŹͷ󺹵ָӹ˵šլԺһߴ¥Ѿˣһ̵濴ȥ磬ҽкﴫ
Ҳ¥棬ȭͷҲվѵˣעҪצôôôŬֻôһ³
լԺҰҶѵĻ˰աŴССİЯףͷɢĳﱼƺҵլԺԺǽıӻһ
Զ峤Σõ̫ʦΣѾᵽ¥档үɫ࣬Ťһˡ
Ҿ֪ǻ˲ܳͷһͷҪбӦְɣְɡʱ˭ǣͺİ
ԶĻֻʹı۾Ϊ˾ôЩ꣬Ҳ̹ˣӶҲӶṻˡýЩĶˡɣǸȨôУȫȻĶǵòȻղִҲʢЩ˾Ǹᣬʱ򣬰˳ʾƽ·ǲǾʹܹһȸı仪˵λţ
ܴﵽĿģγܺƽΪôΪĻ֯ߺ֧ߣҲڼĵλһЩ˰ɣ
û뵽ǣԴˣôһͣԼĻȺ塣˲ǽʲôĿںŶǶԻ˵̬ȣδı䣡
ûֳ񵱾ֵķΣЩֳɧ
ѵˣĲгͷĻᡣʱֵֻȴǵıɱûκ˻ǣ
ŹԼҮʮּܣ£ԶԶĶ˳ȥ
ѵİѾӿҵſڣײŸĴţʾͶź˻ߵָʯľͷ
¥ӣĶ溰ǽ쵰ҪҲһ
ʻ̼ԼƲģȢӵĵܵܵɻ̧ͷſҲ
үԾҲָʣôôӣţҪҲһ
үһʱµ˾ͿʼʯͷľͷЩſڵĶûȰ꣬źһͱ忪ǿ޽ӿ˽²ǿޣլԺҵ˶ſ
ЩûУСĳͻϣлˣ֪ЩԻ˵ĲбԶٶٹȣѾʹͷײӵۡһȥҪϴ軻·
۵ɴ۾үӡ
үѾȴȻϵס˭Ҫøɸɾȥڣҿŵڹضˣһӣ˭ҪһȥҲһչ
۷үӣ˵үӶҲֻű棺زȥ˰ˣԼĸǶۣҪǻͱ˽죡
ȥ۵ģֻץԶĸ첲ԶҪߡͻȻһǹԶƮһ˶סˡצͳܣκ˶óǹץס˾ǽǹˣѵǺ˾ֹˣʼǹѹάˣ
ĿⶼǹĵطͶȥֻһ˴Ӷֽʹˮ黪˸۾ӵĵطǹƺû
ͻȻһҺ¥˫
Ŀ⵽Ϳ·棬ͽͻȻ׷׵Ķߵȥ޵ֹܵһЩ
һһˮ峯¹ĵҲƵĴӱͽ˶ѵгɱ˳
Ѿƿվ߰žѧϳͬѧƴĶÿѧﶼǹ򳤻̡ھ·䣡ǹͽ׷߱ܣеһءٹıͽУԵСȴ˵Ʋɵ
ͷվһӢľ٣ǹӵѾˣһֵղ졣ӭƮþƽڶ̵ĻǴ󺰣ҵǰȣǰȣǣһһɰ
̫ܵ죬·һʯʱ͵Ĳ෭˻ŵ£ŵأľͷƬɢǷһУͽȴڴкãǣֺѹѹı˹
վ¥棬Լȭͷ߬ѪˡĶۿıͽŰ䵶Ѿƽ˷ͿǸִѪֻӶǹУһڳǰǸͽͷϣһǹ۶ϣǱͽͷѾҲȫҿˣ
ѧһȳһյӵĿǹûӵľô̵ǹУһֽ죬ʼղ
תͷԼ״󺰣ѾŤòԼˣ˵ӣ˵ӣðˣ
һӲԶʱݺᡣ
ղŻĻˣеѾʯͽȥƴĽӦССһ֧顣ǱͽҲ۾ˮצۣ˾۾ӵĵֻҪɱʲôҲֵˣ
ǲ֣ﱻǹˣƴĻڳǰӿӲĻ˰Ѿʼ˴е˻Ƕѧ
˳񱩵ľţۿžҪ֧ССĶû

̹УʮܶӳȫװĳʿޱϴѾصǽ壬ЩͽʬǶȵһȳĺѪѾߣҳƮƮ£յĽֵѬˡ
ƺڻҵС
ⳡңѾʧأ
̹ǹ۾¿šܶ´޷ɢᲽ;죬Ͻά򣬻ָͳΣ
Ƕ˵һľ󣬸ղǹʿޱϴȴֻʣʬ塣ɢƲᲽо죬ڹҲһ֪ûⳡҳû١ά򣬵״Ķʼ
УϾܹýһ˼άİˡžЩӣڿ϶ǳУȥЩŴȥˣ
ĸϽַ׳һڡѾ̻Ǻôֻĸ̤صкȥ
۵У̹ӻתղǹ˭ɵģҪǹ죬ⳡɧһ֪Ҫֵʲô̶أ

ˮԽԽıͽӿ˹Щݵĺڼһ˷ܵùֽеƬլȥ
ľã֣ãƼáļҲǸɵйĽĶ󣡵лѵİں˴ƴղ֧ССĺһЩƺͱ˱ŭʨӡ˱ǣҪȣƴ
˴û˭ֻڿҿҵĹʱȴ˵ֿȥָ
ڲҵĲţùӣʯͷŮ÷ݡЩͽһšݴŵ֧СС飬ǲġ
Ǵ̵ˣǹдˣͷϣ֪Ѿжˡ֪ж˫ֽ졣Щһѡĺȴףܲ˵ҧÿ˶һʱĻһ֧ԮǵģΪ˻˰գҲҪϣǿǿǿ֣ʹӽ𣡡
۾ȥѾһƬѪɫͬƴɱѾƣ߰ӱűһսȺʨҲηˣ͵ű˳ȥŰ䵶ֽ֪С
鵱УͻȻһѧһһѽôһյѰ䵶ݱϣþǰһж˲ֵľֻϳѪڡһûվȣǸŵѧŵǰֱһ˸첲档ݴŽһµôһȦӡǰͷһͽɤʺѪݾſȥ
ݻͷһԼĵֶѾ˺ۣȻĶЩͽ˴ŵ˺ۣӦµˣ
ˣ


ʮһ һǰУ
һڳ񱩵ем
¹ݽղίԱרڵƽ·ѾЩɢܵӡ
һ·Уǻ棬Ƿ棬ͷų֮ƻ֮ǿ󣬼侪ˣ
ϵѧǶץԵסӣ˳ӵǴԶӵǧңֵÿǹҲʮŵӡղ֣һսѾһ뻹жࡣǹѧԼӵֻǿվڳԯǰͷһ
ӺŵһЩǿĻִ꣬ҲнǧһŴĸһվñֱıӰÿждӱͽжİ䵶ľһܲˣΧ˾͸Ͻǡ
һõϴģһµѧǣ
վһߣĶܼ֡ҸļҲ۶ߵĵ·ԦĽҶģٶȲƹȥ
ֻжž飬ڳ棬ҧ촽诡ѧԷΧΧŮӡž鿴诣һֿԼү˼ȫϵһϡӾ߲ŵ˿ڣѪδ󣬺ѪѾֹסˣֻǻûѹ
һͷûлعһֻۣüͷǰ棬Ĵ
һ·ԣǿ޽еĻˣеѾʬ壬еĻѪƺɥʧһĵתţҵһȫĵط̻ڵı󣬻֪жͬĲҾ磡ϵıͽҲʣ²ˣӶڳϡһɱڵĹǷȻνžһܲľ͸ŵеĹͰ䵶ˡЩ֣ǰıҵĻ꣬ҲûѪ
ѪѪ
ͷ棬һ;춼Ƕʵִǰֳ񵱾ֵҪָԻ˵ıҡҳܶµҲУЩӦάΰж֪Ҫʲôʱ
ԶȥѹѹıͷǰһѾ˳ȥ·֮·ˮͽˣ
Щͽܲ˵ұţŸլӿȥǺˮڲͬǣÿˣƴĵֿţȺ˴ƴˮȵ߰㣬еĽҲѾŻľҵ·⬼ıͽࡣǵﺰɱұҵ˼㡣
һǰȥԼͷ棬ĽһƮһһüһ
ǱΧǻսǹѾѾӵıͽ˶࣬磬Ȼǹ岻סԼôһ֧ͬĶ飬Ȱ෢ӵʰҾô
˼һţһּӿٶȣѧǻһ½ǹȫٻͷһеѧͻ궼ĸںеһܻһѪɫȻֻ
һǰָǹһ·ܾǵģֻԼ
žžžžǹʱˣ滹ڳǰӿıͽʱ˼ҵֵزЩͽȫЩֿɵõĻҵĲƸ˭ע⵽˺֧СС飬˭⼸΢ǹ죿
ǰۣѧǶƴ䡣Щͷʱ͵ɴ۾ǰӿǰıͽһţһҲ岻ľ̺ۿҪ˶ѣҧݵһ۾һžѾվߣǹ˹үţ
һ˹ž飬ھҵվȵģѾһѰ䵶СñţĻĲ档
һֻǿһ۾͵ͷһ󺰣ǻŷ򣡡
һ˶ѣƥ֪̤˶ͽֱľгΧȫǺѹѹͷζİ䵶һŤƴȺֻ̫ܼеṲָ̋תѪ⣬ֱסŽ浹ȥԲ۾ĳŽӲĽƥס
ѧǵֽ˲ٽĵطžžžžĽһӵ⡣ôľ룬һӵܶͽ壡ӵŴ꣬ǾѾ׷߰˰ѺĴ̵ֱ̳ȥͽõùģͽͱ͹ڴ̵鴤
һһҲ·ǹҲʿ䣬ˡǹãҲ˺üͽžֻСĸϻһ䵶ﺮ֪˶ԯ뽫Ƶһצӣ
һһ߿һҲ趯ŵӣñȶž黹ҪӹѪŽͬʱƥת˶Ҳ֪߷˶ˣ
ͽʵ̫࣬ȻĽΧס˳Ųϵļ̶ʱΧΧѧǾѾƴ˴̵ȭͷǹƴֿ˭Ҳ˺˰
ۿѾǷʤ˴ˡһͷ϶һʯʱ򡣺溰Ǵ𣬱ͽǲһıƿͷľӣֶǷİ䵶ͬ転һ˽ÿһ»ӶҪһѧˮߣŵĻ꣡ʱǶһ㣬۾ֱǰ壬ϻȻֻƴĽΧͽеĻѾȫûˣסһͽĲӣһ·ߡ
ȺȥѴѵ˱Ȼ˫̤ȥҲߵľһ̯ࡣһ֧˹·ıͽڶҡˣΪɵɱЩˣЩȴںƴǺƴƼͽȵ·ˮûĳӡ⬼ɢɢڸķΧ֮ڣЩһԽԶԽáֻʣһصѪǽ塣
߰˸Ѿ˺ۣõѧȻűɴѪ۾ĿΧһСֽ죬ȻСС˶ѵƮ
ڴһͨ·Ƕÿ˴·תֻʣ¼ǧˮﻹŵӳȻһ³ӣҲͷϵѪۣ󲽵ľͳЩ»ȥž廹ǸϽҪһҡһȴҲߵˣֻʣݣݣ㻹ô
ſǸѧ飬Ϳݹվһֽ죬һֻһѾѪ˵ĵ֡˹Ҳľһģһýʹ˹
뵲ǽȴҲͣסˡݲŵĿǰһУ۾ɵϴѪѾȫסˣˣ
һ˳ڣΧվѧǶʱмΧһѧǸϽסǡݼݴķʣˣοǰƣ
һãȻ¶֧˵ĶѾޱްıͽΧˣʱĵ·ѾϡЩͽȻҳǰȴҲˣ﷢˲ĺСղһɱΧ֪ٱͽѪ࣬ʬһ·ƶǣ
ǻסľõ棬ǱͽǻլԺеѾ˵Ժǽ໽šȫǱͽ
˵ĿⶼһϣһΣָһֱǣԱϣңסл궼ȥ
ǿһӶͷһֱѪˣضã
һҧݣҿڴڵ»Ųŵס
ǻվŲһѾһţңֻҵһһ½ѣͷͻȥк׼ʰԱһͷ߼ݼݽ
һݣ岻ö
ʱҲЦóָĶǾĶһЦãǾٳ˸۳ȥںЩ˸ӣ
ѧǶʱһΧϣҲȵİסһͷһƣӻڳϡؿ΢΢ţٿ߸Ѿһ˵Ķž飬ʱĳҲһŶžݣ㵽լȥ
žһʱͺȦ촽һҧȥ
Ҫһž鶼⣬Ҳ³ʱһĬһ£һգ΢ЦһүкöҪء
ʱöž䣬Ҳ֪Ӻζһһͷͱ诣΢΢һãȻĹһ£ֱݷŵ׼ž飬ݿϵһֱ۾ôģ֪һ¾վһߡ
ֱ
һһۣһߣ
һΪѪ˷һֱ궯Ľʱ˻¡¡ĳתϷ򡣳תѪ⣬ס򻬡ųת򣬵ڵ·治ԶЩ׷ױɫźˣе˻æĳˮ
˵ѧͬźһķ·˻ȥ

ʱڵ˸ۿڣҲ˼
ʮ˵Ķ飬γԲȦֽ죬ղίԱΧǶӣǹָǹڣ̵Ŵ̵˭Ҳһ
ɽ̨ĵؾҪѾڿںɭɭָԶԶ
ںϣŵıêѾˮ¯̴ͨһһĳðѲ󽢵ڿڻָţôľ룬˭һڴУǲ˵ľ档
ˮɫ԰ףŵûĭĶҪǻĳһֻǶŶĿꡣֿھʵѾװšǹڳڴͲԱߣŽšһǣƺͿԽĴ󺣵ȼ
ϺѾлƶСͦվڽǰ棬ֻȥһԴԵѾǶ̳Ʈ
½ƽվڵߣˮȵøࡣȫʪ͸һԶԶһֿԶֻʶĲסţʲôطοˣοˣ
һ仰ҲûУһֻǿˮķ
һӦþڱͽӿĵط꣬밵£ղֻôһ
ؿһĪĻڵؿӿץڣڣ
½ƽͻȻԶ˴ˣԶַһ巺ˮܴ
ҲʲôԶžˣսλ
½ƽεĿԼˣ֪û͡Զܴع֮Ϊľٶ֪ʲô֮أ
ͷŽŵ·˽
Զܿ컮Զʱֳݣһץס¾ˮ£ƿһ̵ľֱŶ
˻ûнţ˴ˣǲٶȥˡ˾ٶ͢󣬶ŭ
䣬Ѿ˽ɫְסϹٷѾʪøˮ̳
ͷĳѾҳ˱սţΪܴΪʲôְأ
̯֣˴ˣѵ˼̣ǷۣǷźǸղһ𷢷裬Ҫ͢ģҪģ
ϼһ鴤ǽһһһֵıųҲô룬Ǳӳ͢ͱûְλģ˿ΪְأţԶܴλְλսģ
װֵˮӦǣŤ˫֡һǣ˷ӣӲ˸Ҳûʲôҿã򶡾Žͣ
͵תֵˮĿһŭ޴йžһͳһˮ͡ͷ˽ţֵˮæں档
Ҳվ˵Ļֻǹһ㡣
½ƽŵﳤ̾һû˾ŵĻôţ

ԶΦʱͿͷ̳һҲƵĸ˹϶һҫ۵ļһܶٵ̹У
һ·ѼɢˮᲽ;죬һȥҵĳָ򡣵һ·ȥﻹҵõ;Ӱӣҵ˹ģǶ˵˸ֳعִб񣬵Ҳ첻پ·˱ͽУʩ
ƽһ⼸ʮĶˣ̹Уɫࡣѹѹǵ񱩵ʱôѹҲ̫ƵһЩУûɵӱȽϿ죬ڵ˸ۿ죬ҲԳˮ֡ʱ͵ͷﱼҲͲøϽ뿪Ǹط
û뵽һ·ѪĸϹȴͺ𣬴ڻָͷʿͬڽţ
ʱѾ˲ôˣѾǻҵ˼ѾʧȥƣҪٱսôƽҵʲôزУһ¶ҡʱҵͷ渺ƺͨѶˮʹţͬҲǴԶԶġ
½ƽվڵߣЩͨõĺźš
䱸ʼҺڡҪάסˮ򡭡
Żûж꣬½ƽһڴллأЩ˻뽫ִ󣡾ţҲ䱸ɡ˱ڶתڿˣ
һҪصҲһڴܴɡҲתڿڡֻǹ¯Ϩ𡭡ھˣأ
ڵģͷһֱӵĳҲֱֱͷסתȦżϴᲽˮĵ̹У
Ƿ׷׺ȣǹָﲻܲ˵ĳŵ̹Уأղأ
ĻûöֻŽņ̀øˡ
Ȼͷǻͷ˾ȳ
һУʱһƬӦͣˮŴӦ׼Щ˺۵ѧȥһӦ
ʱͷִͽŲ
˵ĿⶼͶ˹ȥԶԶͿ϶ȻһѪȻٷҲѾˡղݡ
棬Яѧǡ֮أһ·ߣɱͽһ·תսģ
ÿ˶飬еһܻ߱һǺѪȻϢȴ֮Լ
һĿֻͶҲһĿңԶôֱֱײϡһץסǰˣˣ
һȴһźеԶ
˴ˣˮˣҪ𶥣ڣͬ


ʮ һǰ£
ʮˮƴİľǰվŵСٵĺÿһ²ѩ׵ˣÿ˻ʹ˳
Ψдղ
ÿˮжȫȻĳ羴ЩͷѪ֮̾£ŵζҶƽ˵൱Ͽǣ˶ܼ򵥡
֣û֡
һʮˣˮһ·ɱղ첻ȻͬǧʱѪ
Ǽʮӣȫ飬˺۵ġеĵͷеֻƽڴڵĴŴĽ׳ӣܵһһڵѪȻ߲ɢ
εȵܴĺӳ
ΧԶԶϴϵǣŴ峯ȻվһҶ֪һʱǾһš
ʮԱ˽ǹеϰһ·ǹɱһΪ֮¡ͷѾͣǵ̹Уһǳǹʱ򣬶ʱɫšǵǹе־ˮȻѧԿһ˫ֶ
ԶԶڴˣһղƮ̹ҲҵʲôٶֻǽһʱƾƵˡֻ˻ȥţȺܶĴ
һȴ˿ûǰƣ
ôΪ˵ǵ졣ΪľһĽɶΪʵȥСΪܹƽϢڻһʱֻҪӪ÷ʱõĺڻء
ҲƽϢôһжǼɵ
׿Щϵ̸ôĻ˱ͽûι㣬ǾԲܲܵ飡
˵ףⳡʣҲȶĲء
ֶֻˣ⼸ʮѧȻҲƽϢⳡҵġ˵ˣҲ
ۿӽԶţͷ¡ͳ½ƽҲ½ţһеĵһˮǷˣһգ۹ͽϼװ塣
һƬĹһ׮׮ĽǣѪ˷ܣ㣬һ·Ĳ״һת
һѾͱסˣ
½ƽҲԱ߷һӴ죡վͺãĸͽղˣϽЪЪȥɣѾΪ׼ã˵ֵǶһӹܲԼֵί
һ˱۾ƽƽԼؿϢһס֣˴ˣ֣ˮڣɢﻹгǧĻ˰գɱ
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ˣղίԱָӱڣҪˮʦš˵ˣܿ𣿡
һֻǿŵȴֻǻرĿ⡣ƣԵĵӣǲһ֡ٻҲǰаǴںֳˮҪԴģ
ˡҪӳ顭
һֿˮ֪ЩլԺ֧ŶãԶԶѵ⣿
ץס֣˴ˣʱڣĵˮáǲͷأ
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һȴֻǿЦοǶôһ糱ǹеϰղԱǹͻ˶šǵ㲻ΪȥҲѲ˸ϵ
⻰˵ЩˣһǻѪΪѪһĸϵǹԶԶŲΪһУȴ˴һƣ
ҪǿһһˣΪǻͻӳѾġ
һɫһȻĳһҾ˴˼ǲǵĳ˵Ļ壬ֻڴ֮ڡԶԶ¯Ѿ㡣ױɽͷ¾̨˵ʵڵģںϲǵ֣ˮٲԴȻȽˣ˾еôˣֻҪɼȳʵǲˣΪĹָ£ôı񣬾ͲǻǵġҿΪ˴˱
仰˵õݣΪȷΪˡǳ͢£Ҳȷ⽻棬ҪռʵˣֲǿôǿӲסйҪôǻڲ⡣
ڵ䵱УڳʣڱСǸ൱ҡۿǰ̲СĳǸԬ֪ͬǽԬǣǰɳ±䵱Уڳ͢ˣø泯ڲ˵ʱð֮踴ʹǹʴ󳼣ɱձʹԱˡӢ⽻Աʴ󳼽ٳֵԼӪУڳʴɱ䡣ΪƽϢ̬ձֲǿ͢²ûзԬĵΪԲ
Ԭأһûһ̣ûһѧĺӵܡȻ׳֮꣬һڳӪͳȨһ¸ȫʷĽˣ
˵ڱʾǿӲƽϢ̬ȳɹΨһ;˿
ͳ½ƽɫǱֱ䡣
һֻǽƵĿǡ
ʱҲָֻԼ˵ǣ
ڲĳĬбԽԽһܼݸϹţԶԶ¯ѹѾ㣡
ȻĬ
һͻȻһƿˮָˮȫ˾ţˮʮ˸ϣ͢׷ʣһ֮
־ȥŵǹһץס֡һᶨƿֻĿһͣסԼ֡
һһѳǹָŵԴ֣Բסˡڱ㣬ȫң
һԶԶȴˮڲ֪һ˽͸̳ǣеĶԶԶֱƮͷ
˶ŽǶһ͵ˣղһ¾ٶһͷϵ˿ѿˣѪ
ȥĴһǹСҵ䡭ҲСǱЩѪԺӣ
ˮһŶھţ½ƽͷǡ۱ͷײżװˣݺݵ̾ͻȻվñֱţɣ
󲽳ȥԶԶȡʮں٣ڲܼ࣬𣡡

ˮľãҲŵʱ
˶վ˳ҽʳүǣ´ӵĹѡǿ׳ĵŴšľŸָվϣǽͷ
űҵײţһµĽҵ𿪣ȥٱͽ뷭ǽͷȴľȥʯͷ߿һĶҵ˲Ѫ棬ֻҪܶͶ˳ȥ
һʯٵʱǧıͽѾ۾
ҵͥԺϣԱҸһһǡ
¥үӻվţۺǸӣҲץŹӣվү󡣳ǣһž飬ǹ滹ӵǹӣֿѹѹͷСҲɷ׵ġ
ԶͻȻͷŶž̫̫һһصĵؽѣȮµؽѿɺã
žűȥǸؽѣ涼ҵСЩŮǶһšͷ룬ЩӸһ֪ٳƺ˾ķʲô̫̫ݣӦý̫̫Ŷԡž黹ҡҡͷүԸҲȥҪү
ԶЦˡ˵Ķ飬ڵصҲšۻаǣǼţֻҪһڣʲôҪƴҲҪ쵽
ۻǴӦ˳̾ˮˣҲ˽ƴȰЩʵҲѡ̫̫ˣôԵˣ
ž黹Ǿǿҡͷ
ҵԽԽңԽԽͽǽͷǵѾ˷ͱ׳ʹᡣ˵ѾԽԽ࣬ۿþҪʱ
ѾеլԺƣ˸Ŀ޽Ÿ±ӣͽɢСеİĺլۡѾȼ˱ȳڻҪܼըӳһԵӣ
Ѿǵ
žҧҧݣүҵȲ

ˮӡԶԶ̨簢ķ˹ʴָźԶǰڸɴͶ׼һղžƷŻֳ¾ɡ¯ѹҲδȫ㡣ԶԶѾǾͣŵİӣ
ˮб֨֨۵ĵҴܡҲһͷ󺹡ԶѾź죺Ҵƽһȣ粻Ҵһӣ
ϸһţ̹Уöɴ۾ԶǰŶһʮ׵Ŀ²ںָǡĴ㿪ˣô
ʱҲףزѾһֳУܿƵ˵ˡ뵽λ˴̲סЩԱ濪˫ǶվţһЩ䲻򾲡
Զ棬ɫǹڴһıݡ
ȡԶǧ룬Ƕȡλҩ
һҲͬŵúˣȴȻǿԼɫ
˵Ŀⶼϡ
˴˿̣˶һۣȴһЦ
ţ
ԶͻȻһǧٶˮľںƽ˿ȥڿڱϯ棬װȫƿû̶õĶžž졣Ҳⱬ缤һȦȦ޴Ĳơ
ɫĻ棬ڵĺ̽ǰװȫ֡
ԶѾ
һѾ죬ȴɴ۾ǰһСѾ㣬ı˸ɾ֪Ϊʲôȴֻһڶ졣
һǰ
ԪһǧŰʮ꣬ٷ֣ʮ˱ӡɱԪһǧŰپʮ꣬Ѿǰ紫ýǰǲĻƬرŰɱ
ʱֻĿ
Լʱȴǰһ꣬Ȿñһ
Լĸıʷ
Ϊ֤

Ҵźһײ˿
޺ʱһƬǰ׳ҧƴĵֿͥԺϵһЩѧԱѾҧҲ
¥棬žһǹҪȥȴǰ档Զͱ۾ݺᡣ
Щ忪ҵĻҵĴţҲʱһ˷ܵ˼Ļ
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м̧ͣͷ֪ʲô
˲䣬˶ѵУͺɽͬʱһ
һʮ׿ھľ޵ˮﵱУһͣ٣ͽлˮȵĵӣʮһ뷭˳ֱ죡Ƭɢݵºɣĵеʱ˿·ɽĵƬָ֪˶ٸղŻڵͽ
޵£Ѫɡ˶ͣըһЩģ͸һƬÿ˶䶼ֱ죬һʱɥʧⷴӦ
֪ͣ˶೤ʱ䣬һѧͻȻ˵ĴڣըЩ˵
žֻ첲˵ö֪źˡүŵЩ׹ЩžͶ˵Ļ쵰
¥§ЦըɣըһжըƽֻҪûЩһǻܽ
·ӦǵĺһڵЮɽһķ׼ȷѾɵ˵˶ѵСƬһѪͬЩҩըǼǧƬƬ֪˶ͽ֫壡
ʱ֪ҽУʩģڳʩֳϵġһ¾Ӫ޵ҴܣԼլԺһ··ʮͷĽǴȥЩͽѾŵʧȥжЩտˮﵽܣڵ۾һֻ˶ѵвϵըת˲֮䣬Ѿڵ£ҰִǴѴѵͽʬ壡

һվԶţһ̣ѡ
ѵһأѾӴˡ
ˣûиŻԶſڣ


ʮ 
诽ëƺƴǳجε
جʵ̫棬ֲ̫ˡԼ棬ĸȻӵһԼ壬ˮ˴ͬУǱĿĶû˻ίԼ綼ĸĳ谮Ͳ˵ˡ
ֳصֵԱ˲úͻͨĽ׼Լֳصְλ飡
͵͵ţŸϽͷȴôôˣôȥôѪôŮӱǿߵĲҽб
һ˫˫аԵĿƺ߻ƣһ˫˫ִʮ걸ܹذδĽҲЩ¡ԼƺõӵĿڣ
Ȼء
ǵһһ𶯵УһеϤһֱָˡڱӻҵʱǸָӵȴһֱһ򶨣
ޱ޼ʵجεУ²ͣ׹䣬һֱ޵׵Ԩȥ
ůġ
һˣ˶ӵ˵ĿⶼƶǸ˭
۾ֻǰȫǻζӰӡ΢һ¾۵ó棬˹ȥҷǰһεЩӰһЩ
˺һܱǰľԼԼӵĴ棬ȥȥÿ϶ѬǵӡΪȵǣʱһȴ˸߲ҵøһײײȥǲ֪ԼøЩʲô
һۿ죬ѹæкˣСѹ
ʲô䶼ص诵ԺղŵĲجΣʵ飡ôˣԼôصģأЩһϽͷĻأЩɱͽأ붯۵˻ȥʱŷ֣Ӽ߶źı˿Ҳ֪жһֻǳʹ
ŮⱲܹίϺ£ʱۿתȿԼȹӣҲһ̻ɫδĴææϹӰﻹ̵סứľʹӵɫĴ۾޻ҷһͳ˿ڡ
ĸ׸ϽĸŮһޣǻԽԽ¡Ӣﰲο诣ȥˡְλˡҲû¶ô͵ȥأʥĸǣλ˵һλ˾ӦñͽΧһֱ䵽Ǽſڣϵ۰ǵû¶ˣû¶ˡ
λˣ۾һתͷԺиһеļƬȴôҲغϲ
һ˫֣ԼӺб
뵽ŮӶʹҧ촽ת۾֪Щʲô
ĸ׿Լƽʱ龫֣ڿŮĶͷװģϢɣЩʿǲĵ飬ʱֻҪϵۡ
˵ţͻ£ԼŮߣֻͷ
˼ûתãΪʧѪԭ򣬳˯˹ȥ

һʱԼȳǸС㡣
Ѿ£ֻмֵסȾҪƺ󣡰磬鲻ܰ˳Ѽ챩ͽ֤ݣΪж֮űһҪצֳ񵱾飡
ԼҪռŵĴ˾ѾҺһǴ˫عȻղοίԱ£òԸ棡ҪʱҪԮ˴ڶѻƬսʱ򣬶Թݿڵɾǻȡ˲˵ôʲô˵̻ģԼҧղοίԱͷΣ
ڶǣʢ¹ǰղίԱӣղѾ£ˮʦ˺µ³̣ױ԰ԼˮúˮˮʦвԼԱӣ߰˺ۣ֤үԼͷϻһӣ
ģʹ
ں䲻źǺɢܡû赶Ūǹӵñӻ졣ͷһᲽװˮڶ˵ĴĿɿڴ֮࣬һ߻رܶһ߸Ͻ£ȥά򡣵̹У²ܣֻǴʮ˶һһܲˣִܶʮԱԶԶԮļʮװˮǿȥҵĵطο
Ȼûŵղ졣ûеõܶһָʹ£ֻ̹дᲽ;ǽĸסˡЩˣǸҿڵģ
һڼʮװˮ֣廤£Ȼϰʱ󴬣ûи赲ġԶԶѾʻ˸ۿ̨ʽڵ̣Ŷһʮ׵Ŀ²ڣðỤָ̋
һϰһͲ˵̹ͶһɱҲƵĿ⣬ֽ˹һֽ
鼤δ˹һѾһֽղУԶţץʱһӶ͵ġ
һݷźͱţһǷϺʱݵġҵȻǿȥοĴˡǻ뵽ϢʲôֶΣʮˣռۿڸˮߵ籨ȥҲҪݵ籨꣡ûУ
ӹֽҴɨһۣʼб֪һһͷֱ죬һǿ侲ٶ͵ģ
ԶһҲǳϲһĵط
ƽһ񣺡ˣİɡ
һٿһͷŵѧ飬ء²֪ЩһЩѧǿźΧ˶š̲סһ˺ݣ˴һһҵı񣡡
˵ݽһУȻֱԼѾãϻѪȥ
ʮܶѧʮװˮĸ󡣼ΧЩ㶵ӵһղݰסһʱХȥ̹ҲкʮϽں档һ·λУҧгݣֻҪܶһʵĺÿ
ŴһߣҲǽһУߣ

ԳĻͰһĵúܡ
ŲƵĳ壬ųװδѪݺᣬȻһתһסĸ첲ûһͷ
ˮڣȻǲòΪӰ֮ȫ
ڵ·ɳۣһ˼ֻתסܲõֶΣȥˡʱĴ۹һ˶棬зսǿƽһڣǱΪ޵һ۹ĿУǸвŷ仹ǿһ߶Щ콻棬ûг̫Ŀ̫ò³棬ʮԷɱֳ񵱾ȵĽ棬нڡԸΣҲҪȥ
ԼգΪռϷ硣ӺӶ㡭ڻǼսܣСձһݶ֮󡣴۹˶ǲ
ҲһлڴµԼܿƵķΧ֮ڡһȽϿܽܵĽǰǣԼﲻ
Ըһ죬ˮȫΪүáΣԼҲҪֱȥ˻ᣬצۻ糱Ķڷ糱Уҵһźôȫ˵ĵ·
ӢѾˣӦΪԼˡͷƽһԺзɶϾˮٺһۡ뵽Щˡ
һβٿ˸ӣǣ漫㣬ҲȻµľƣʵҪóȫļʶ˼
ȡԻۡһ֣˵̵УҪѪ
ˮȻ֡ͬǣשͷʬס̾ߣ֪ʱȻᶥˣˮֱӾͽһͷϣԼ˼оѡͽѾõľ£һͷϡĹվߡ
һ˿ǰЩѧǡ˵ܿջ񣬾ЩͻȻɳѾεѧ˰ɡ

ľǷ׷ӰһԱ̧˽ͥԺ¡ʱ䵱˻ʿڻ˵ҽָ£һİιˮ˴٣ˮ˵Уһʱûߵ͵ķֱֻѪϵ
ÿ˶ûûдӽٺĿҵѹܶĻ궼ԷļڸլԺֻҪл˵ĵطΧ䡣Ŵӱͽжİ䵶۾߶һ٣ƺһ˵ֻпԼάֻбһţ棡
ÿ˶ƺڵȴʲô˵һ
ԶүӣΡΡŹͥԺ߶ۺǷֻǿŲ̧ЩԱ˶ĬԺйڽլС̳ʱ򣬾Ϳҳʹһţ૵Ĳͣ߶
Զһͷ߿
ۺǸ󣬾үͻȻʣ̫̫ʹ˵ǼԱأ
۸Ͻش𣺡̫̫ˣλԱҲءլλź򡭡
Զվס˽ţˮ磬磬Ƿλ˻鰡ˣ
üëһҪ˷ܵ˵һɣͲҿǻˡ
˾ôҲܲرˡۣȥצŴ¶ٿҪƽ¶ڶ⣬ҪҪǮƼҹгõ飬ҪλˣȫЧ
ӦһүӽٿŴôҪ齻ȥ졣ҵĵλǲ顣ʲôɫûУִֻ
Զүȴǿһӵġ۾һɾʹͷֻ֪ûбĴںǾƼˣ֧λˣΪ´飬ŴǵûǮڲƽ飬Щٶ̫ˡǾ̧һɽסˣǱסԼ
ӦһǣǳٿŴᣬȫ֧ˣǰңλ˰һۡ
һԶӣתת۾û˵Զĺ
˵ĳӣ
ղ죡
ǻ˵ˣ
Զۻһٹȣȥӭӣ
䣬ǺԼүүĸ첲ûүһͷһ¶ʹ˳ȥñ˭ˣˣ
ˮУһð
ϣȻѾʪȻվñֱǧˣԴδй޺ӿ
ÿ˶ÿ˶봥һ¡
һ̣һ͸Ļӿ˳Ҫˮȼļ顣鼤
λӽ𣬽˿ɼ
ȻģȻĪķ糱Ҳ֪ʷŬͼı⳱н켣η
һ̣ģȻǴδйĳ㡣
ʷѾΪı䣡


ʮ һ٣
˵ˣ
˵ʲô
Ǵղצ۸ˣ
λղôүǶ
ӵ۶Ĳ¥ͻȻһİŵн
ǵǺʱǧòôˡͿ£ߴߴȫôЩ⡣
õͭ˼ˮëŵôŲǵĵۡƹſڹ̨ӴĶɸ˼ҲȫЩС
ÿ˵ǽŶ΢еܡݿƺһ
֪;Ӳݵһǣһ䶼ø߸߶ġ⼸Ӷܾ׳ſ۵ĴɴӣһʦеĴүǶһĴӣ֮䣬ǽȣһĽ塣ẺӣһһСӳµ£ֻȭͷϣе۵¿Щ͡޲ýв۵Ļս棬һԲͷԲСӣڻھ־һϳĻץһë߶ֽȥĳţһֶǽ档
ʱԿʴֵʱķʽ˱ϺЩͨ顣ݱֽŽ˵ڶѾ¡
ֽϯѾһʱķ̷֮ͬϢдνȴǸģ
ˮ飬һΪΪĵķʽ˿ӣ˵ؽ쳯Ϲϰ¶Եʵܵӵ治ˣֻҪܹ΢ǰǵڿഫΪ·һӢۡһױںˮͬʮͽӿУĴ£ĹӢۣѰҳڶĵ̨
ڿഫЩѾЩʧĴ¡˵Уȴע̷ͬдЩۡǵһ֪˫عĸ֪Ѫ֪ͬκιңֱУһѡչʾ֪˱Ǵ帡Ĺ֪צۻѪʷ֪һߴ峼һУ
Ƿݳƴźֳ񵱾ֻûȫָצ͵͵ռˮˮ籨ĵ籨̷ͬһֵزġ̷ӵѪڽӵһݵ籨ֱڷڰ
ʱڶһʱֽ󡣴£˳͢ϱһʱʧ𾪵Ӧ֮⡣ʱͷзֵøʲôƵġ
弾Խʮʮڼ䣬ʱ֮Ժңͳλλعⷵհּһո½ƽң˶зսڣǺľһԪʱƴҶ֪ڻ䣬⻼һĴϮˡ¶ܷܾǷܣֲֻ©ľ档ѾſƵ͸ˣƫƫûһһüĿһµĸо
˹ʮĽ죬һ仹СС̨ղίԱȻô£ϰǾ˶Ӳ˼ֵһ׮¶
壬ֻҪʱĵطڶںˮĴµۡĴС

۵˵ԽԽǿ˹һ㡣ҲԱ߶þ۾ЩӣûԼֵܵ˼¶ǰҲġһ߶Ҳüһ߶ҲʶĵģֵܣҪҳТӣ͢鳼ݺˣռ۵ľʹżڲݾŶŸָϡŹֵۡھӵ¶ôû˼ˡ
Ѿ۵Ӵʣ͸ںˮһʱͿһӸóŮӣһϻƤİ۾գţҧ촽֪;ӲһűСƨںŰЦ֣
СѾͷǳʩֶΪģĵĳЦСѾͷϰˣһҲ⡣
ϸ̤ݣ
˵˵͢ô˼
ʵǲ˵Ϣһү󳼣ϲ˵ؼҶո㣬ɳһˣǸЩ۸ÿɲңǺүӣʤ̣ǻǷ䵽̨嵺Ĵţڣҿھôôྡӣӽаְֵļһ
̷ڱֽ˵Щ棬ҪʵëӣСԶԶĲӢЩôǿʢǱҲǵġõĻϰտûӻˣһ죬ضҪռ
˵Ҳǣãǳʲôˣ
ڣҳѡ˵ˣ˻ӵؽ˵˵Ҫˣָôţ
ʩվſڣ漸䵣һۡŮһ¾ɷҧ촽ҲǣҲǡ۾һһһ¾Ϳ˳ʩĸӡµ¶ʱһŭվͱʩѹݺݵĵǶʲôʱܽݾˣ㻹ҪҪڼźܳʲôƤˣĿһؼң
ʩͷųµµѵ⣬ȴǿҡͷҲȥӵؽҪȥѰɱͷҲ硭ˡʱҲȥʲôˣ
µһ࣬ԴӶһ׼ҡ¶һⱲӾûôü֪һˣҪ뷹λ÷ǺúӣҳʿڻѴԺ棬ͷҪȥˡͲ˶֪һӡȻԸʶֶĻϰֶÿ춼ȥ˵ۡ
ô˵ҲеˣȻûŶҲˡҪһ˼۵ģֲþɱͷҳǳ¼ңɱʱһ߶ôҲҪһһأȻӣôϳ¼ң
һ뵽ӾЩˣüëԼ߸ߵӣҪ˵˵ĻҲҵˡצʲôؽȡû˵ĵطǴ˵мôȥ
ʩ˳ӣ˵ޡ
磬ⲻ͵͵үôүܲʲôӡҿɲֻöžү磬үɡ

ڹۡʱȴһƬա
һݷùǸ԰Ȃr̳үֱղڶźȲ衣
棬㸡¯ɫĻһһ˫֮µĿ˫̥СӡһŲߣһŻ¯СѾͷȻͻѾǵĺջˮһˡ
רĿŻɫ׼ϲǶǡһװŮԼʮĵȻûСѾͷŮЩĹһˡһŵȡûͷŮӣû˵ģһ
ŮӷɫӨüĿһѾס
ཹཱུķðݵŮɫֽľɲͷǰյһ㡣̵Ĳˮ£յ߼ɫĩһȦȦ˿
ȂrЦ̣ɷˣһ¾ҧյˣŮĲգǹһ
үֻһЦֵĸҵһŮϷүڿڳ޵ġ¹ٿɴû˵ĻүĪҪԩҡ
СŮյݵǵϣͷŲ㣬ٱɫžһ
²յͬүô
ȂrûֻǵЦϴΪͷҾһ̷ͬСһûһҲͣƽһϹͷɡ
ͬ̿Цˣ棬˭ùүȥϺϷүʱᴹǸСӣֳĶȷС£ģͷ綷֪ôʹѾڵˣʹӹңҲڱʾСǶһԲſЦ˵˵һˣô죿
ȂrֻİŪŲյҪǸװɵ㶵ļһҿѰʱѾ£糱˵ʮˮʦӪźһСãǻô½ʹЩһҲףûٵĶ࣬ĺͺ֦ͬ١Ҫòǻٹҽòзս£һ̣벽Ǻ󳾣
Źһ̵ͬɫʱ˵ѿֻǳŲ˵ߵǸŮͻȻЦһ
ȂrתȥЦʲô
ǸŮֻǳǳһЦգҲûоϱǵ˼һҲֳˣҸϵһǷּĵ̨뽫ϵƸ棬ǱˮʦڣĸϵӦǱãҲǷž˼̽̽үүĿڷɣǲܰƵͷϣһʲô³ǲŲġ
ᵭ˵ͬɫ䣬ֻеһЦͷȲ衣
ֻǿǶŮŲ裬ʱʾһǸζһ߶ڵĹؼ㣬һϷүô¶ϷүҪòҪǮϷүôźë͵ͷϷүٵҲҲסԷǿҲûǮǸôһ˵
ͬѾרעòյҲˡһ˵̽̽үӵĿڷ硣ȂrϾˣҲǰϵˣûлҲѾȹϵľ˼Ҳ̽̽λѾȥĴŮĿڷ硣˭֪λϷүǰ˵ϻС֮һ
ҵоԲŮƣ黭ѧʶн󡣴ǱҼλү۰ģ˶ʮ껹ûˡ
ţԴҲǻ벻٩٩̸ξ⳯Ұۣ֪ʱǸ̷󵨵Ϣôôͨɴءǹڣǵطسңϳ֧͢ŵġĸ⵱бƽ⡣ڶسȨǿбȻڡٶʧۣүӾǻԼôʲôʱ֣
ȂrֻԼӣͬ͵ۿλĸ޳üëҲûһ¡ֻǵֿʼֲ衣˫̥СҲµزߡ·ղµֵЩǴŵŮӿ˵ġ
˸ĸ˾ǹ֮
ǻͷϻһ̫Ϸү¶Ҳ̶ֻܸѡ
ͬɫЦѵͲһ¶ôϣǿɶء
΢Цүӣǣų͢ǣűˮʦҲСţǷֻʱôҺһˣֻһֵ̨Ȼʹöˮʦ˿ԴãֻҪֲھ֮أȫһ֧˱صıȨΪ̩ɽ֮ơڱһְѳֵıˮʦҲδزܶ¶ӡ
ͷӶֻԼӡ趼˺ȡֻòƮ
嵽ʱڷ⡣ЩЩȨﵱУýȥġһʱһǳǸ鷳
һĵ籨ȵţѾ˾ĿɿڴΪ˵軰ֵľҽ籨ӳȥֱʹʱҲžˡӵڵûٰԲ԰ˡɴûӵؽڹ¶δţ̷ͬĴʱҲתۼÿ͵͵һݿš̷ͬŵǿӲԴڴ档Ȼʹ죬˭Ҳû˵һʱǶͬιΪʵڶûˣӹүֽһû뵽飬Уַһ˼
Ȃr̵ͬͷ΢ЦֻǿЦ
˵üеǵҹξð¶ֱȨǻǺ¶ǰ̯ӣǵôЦǵûзˣΣû˵𡭡
ڵĹϵѾȫ̬ЩմͳʿĹţѾȫӦǧδ֮֡е˼ϣ鷳ҪԼͷϡͬ˵ûа취Ӧԣ治Ǽٻ
һЦŵУȻһ˿
ӦԲˣΪʲô͸ɴ಻Ӧԡίһһղ󳼵ͷΣפˮһˣ
ͬһŵϴֻ૵ôԣôԣ
յֻ΢ЦӨļϣֻһǳǳľѡ
ôܣȫԱյ½罻ӣʧˣˡɱͷ¶ٻһղȥʰȫ֡ˣԹҲˡҲһصضһȻˣˣʲôΣϷүǻϣҲֲͷϰɣ
ͬ͵һİƣһֳڣ
Σȷһ¶Ƶøɸɾ٣ЩƳ¶һЩʱҲùȥȷǵòĴ취
¾סˣվ־ǣϷͶӣ¶¹ϻȥ顣Ϸүûܽ˼Ϸүһ¶
ЦݣССľһա
Ь⹭СһŮӣֻ԰׷ġ̴⻰˰ɡ
ͬʧһЦϷʧԣʧԣү񣬸ǣ
Ȼλү뿪ȂrǷǷ͵ˡʱۿԼŮ
㰡ⲻǰһһôҪŻҪţšôһѧİŮߣ
ԼǧѡŮСѾͷϼ͵͵ıͷȥ̬һģһĽģȂrѾǿݾүӶϽһһ¡
΢ЦվߵȂrĸүż۾ģүүָλ̨ܰˮ¶ҳϡееʶһɷ辢˵ܷΣѵģﰡ
ΣѣȂrֻЦˣôЩķүѾʲôѾ
ֻ֮֮ܳ۰
үӵ˭Ҳû


ʮ 
צۣˮۡ
ˮ¹ݵĶС¥ŷʽ̨һһƾԶ״ҵģͷϲźİɫɴӡȰ˶صƵġʵͷ˿ڣ£Ҳûа糤
̨β輸յţ̱ɳðǰԶһţһȺȺĺצʡᲽצʡװ죬װˮվţĽΧġϻ˺۵ѧǿ֡ͰһϽɸ˺ֳ񵱾֡վ¹ݷ棬һǹһֱʾĶЩԶԶǵղ죬ͲС൱ᣬٳͽⱱˡ
ˮ⣬һƬٺĲƾ۹ȥմ˶ӡ۲ײĻõĹѣŴ󳵣˵ļ£һ߾ߵʰŴ֮µʬ壬ʯҺմˮԭֵĳУѾһƬֻдƷľ˾ȥȥԭڽͷӿЩݺûӰˮֻ֣µıԶĿɡ
ں¶ڻһ
һȴָúȥδӣ
Լ飬һڣôһεĻͬ˵ԶϼڣǴѧȥˡںˮ֮Ѿӡˮӿе򡣹ƵźʹڱǱ߶һн⽻֮󣬾͸úĽˡúöͷŻعһ飬˷ŻƷշ߿ͷ߷䵽½ǰ
ľûʲôˡԶԶȻˮ⺣ҷٲΪ¶ˮ˾ȳԸǰ;Զδ֮ء˵ޣӡֻҪܵľҲƵĳء
ܹԾȵֶΣѾܵĶˡعڵĵ籨ѾʧϸϸˡѾ˵ˣǴͺ֮˽ǹеϰ֮⣬ΪŹʹһʱǼͰ˹֮ʲô涼Ҫ˵ĵùģ磬ڳʣڽݣڹǴĺӾЮзս½ϴһڸ𣬻άԶ۹ԺŷСòõɣȫĵزǿԻ
ǵԼŵ籨Ǹģǳ֮͢ʹצۣΪοղίԱȻ쳯Ϲ֮档˻ǿ֮١ġƮҡо֮أ˴֮٣԰ӿзϹһۣɱҰĴʮ֮áˮڻºΪҴƣȻڻȣúŷ޵С֮ɽǿҴ֮ΪҴֱʮƽ˴˲ʮʬɽҾж׶ˡϧȻӣһͼ֮ģϷү֣֮򰲿ʢԣǿʮ꣬ǧ۴֮ˮʦɻӡ
ְֶĽʧЩзеʧЩһٱҲ׵еػɣ˵ˣҪˣѾܿһоȻʹöˮʦıɳôһ׮Ĵ¶
Լܻ쵽һ̨ղοίԱǵָֻܷģѾͷȥ
Щȥ̷ͬúöķسҰۡʲôʱٲ˷࣬ĩ߱ʱĩʱó档ٳֳһзս£ٳֳ˽ά±䷨ҰֻҪͬһζһôҪ˼ɵ
ȷѾ龫ǣеԴȡԼϣķչ
ǵΣ˵ʵڵġүԼҲûе׶ÿҹϣ¹Զȼǵһƽúܡ
ЩǻǷΪһġ
ϧѾȫļοְҲ֪ˮЩ壬˼Σ뵽һԺĪðһͷǸ˵ò˼ĻѪС椣ƺûУ
ڶʱͻȻ춯һͷһȴǶžһյ˳СѾͷЩӿҲû˯öȻЩ۴ˡһɫΪүĵĶβס
үȲɡӹǶվš
һЦЦӹүڸ˿أҪ˼ãүӡȰģôԴϹղġ
ʵ˿ĻǸڿšƣү˶ôʹĴۡ˺²պôɲķ
žͷһͷǸܵģЦûЦͷԼ½ǣβүȻҲ¶ǿôһ׮顣ʱӴƵġүû¶ɣôΧš
һôû¶צۣ˵ŽˮϻʡعŰǧշĻƷ⡭
û˵꣬žüëһﳤҰѾͷԱ¶ţǸң˭ֻҪҰһүӣҴǳԷ𣡡˵½һãǰѻСھȻ棡
ѾͷôģϽæҵž½˳㲻صĵһ¶žѽһʶǹĹĵؿ輸ţ̱ɳˡ
үֲأʲôʱ
Ӹƾٷ״ûбĵ£ϷϷԼС檣ò˻ˣ
һݺݵһĭ׼ٽ˵⺦ߵСѾͷصｫ͵ȴžͷϸŵʵүǲǾҹܺÿţ
һһžһֱ챧诵¶أ
˵ʵڵģǻѪС椣ûʲô˼ڶžһᣬƺŮӣ˵ʱҲô
Цżž飺ôҾŲͦÿô
žһһĴҲزסӣ۾ġʲôöͷɫ
һЦǲǻʩҲ̫ˣ
ž鴹Դҿû˵¼ҽ㡭˵¼ҽ˶ߡү֪ҲʶֶҰѾͷֲãүҾҲǲүҪôɣҾˣһֱźòã
ϸϸͬૡʮ껹òŮεֵסСѾͷϣҲ֪̳ˡһֱżѹҪŽһʱͷڵĴ𣬵¾ŽȥĶžȥ
ƵˣƵˣ
ǧɵʱͻȻݴɤŶ
ˣܶǵ
һ̣һ档

ľУҲһƬ֮ؽģ
ͥԺУһЩԿܵǡྲļҷ磬͸šҶڴСһۣһ߲ϴͥԺѪջٵӣƵĴŶøɸɾٺĸоĸоЩʧ⡣
ϸ벻һ˵һڴʱѾˮ߽ߴԡѪȻ¶Ѿˮצۣٴצ۴̩ɱǼ£硣
ҲڲõĽƮӡ󣬴̫ƽһֱĻ統С
һˣûЩ®Ĺǡ
֪צжˣ͵͵ȥһͷϰŵǸܡ֪жٻ²ǣ˽ôһһֶҪã˾ġҶƼҳðɣҪҶˣǿˣܱסĵλ֪꣬鴮׼ͶЧˣȥμ¾
ľãĴǣҲھۼһ
õİҶѾ˺ЩյƣյλεġÿϣӳǳǳӰ
ÿˣɫء
˲Ǻܶ࣬ˮ֣ļҵͷļ峤ȫ롣Ĵ嵱У¼ŮԼŻƼҼѼµŻȻ߰ʮǰ¶ˣʲô飬Ψհ֣ҵצۻ꣬ҪǾӪó׵⣬Ĵ൱ɡԶԶôҶïļ峤мĳӣ۾˺ЩԶүӡ
˼棬ز̸ЩѵĻЩǶ˼Ҳһļڱҵжܵ൱ĳ֣ΪǼ˶ġϵҲΪܵģȴûָǰ
֣ү֣ͥѩѣѾϨˡŴҶ಻˵ڱﲻסһ̫үôʹûгϯ˴ξۻ᣿ǲǴ
һׯϵԶүɫʱһ䣬صĺһҪϡļһҵе
үӶĶһۣһա¶ڳԾҳѾҵʮ꣬ѾѾΪǽľõδ峤ȴĵү˵ϾͷϣǰϵĹϵҪȫȴ֪үﵽ˭
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˵һ룬үɫѾЩԡϾת˿ڷ磺ǻҪ˵ƴҲĲˡצļңΪүʲô³̣Ƕžǡ
Ƽҵļ̿ȫһϹѵģͼҷ粻ġһɫװЩ͵ġүǰҲΪһ¶̫үǶмҵģѾ벻ˡǼң֦ɢҶҲ֪жˡĸҪһȫΪǻλԶˮȲ˽˾ǣ´أ´Щٱǻָܲĸǣ̫ү֪ңǰʲô˵ʲô˼ʲôҷľǡ
Ҽˣ¼ҵ峤³˳ҲǿЦ̫үĸȫָˣɻǲɣ˵һĻβ֪ʲô³أҵ飬صĳһʿӣ´㣬ôҲҪƽƽֻҪүӷһ仰Ŀӣ¼óûжָû飬סǣǲеǸʲôˣ̫үʲô³̣Ƕϸš
峤˻õоȫλӸû˵ءסϢүӷ
үһֱûзڳĬб˻ĵİ쳶һ¶
֪˶ãԶü˻үƺԼһˣǻָ˭ĸôһûָˣǶǺôɫˣЩô
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ǻˣռųɵĲƸطǵȱٲ˶٣˸ൽȥƾʲôͲˣ
˶Ŵ͡
үվɫϣһ󡣸㹵ƺκ˵ķǿѣһĹȥڶǻҪȵʲôʱҪҪ𣡴ڿʼһҲãҲܣңȫ֧˵ҵҾͺ˾Ҫһˣʢͬʢ˥ͬ˥ҾͶôһˣȻٵȥֻеȵһɱ
үһòַΪһжС˵µĲټˡѾȫԼգһַܵȫΪֿ־У
ԸˣȫƵϳ嶯ľҲԡ
Ҽ࿴Ҷڻ²嶯һҵ峤ǲתģǵֵסġҪһңǾɡ
żҼĬĬͷԶһ֣ôֻҪϵˣٿôᣡ̩ɱЩطҪ֪ͨõ

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һվñֱʽĹļУ滹лѺ
һһٷģĶ档ŲĳֻЦ˵ŵ̹ɫƨҲ֪λУˬ¶ˡ
Ӳˬүˬˣ
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ͨĻ䣬̹һ̿һǸļнһСһһת˹ļСȴһŷˮ¹ݣרĵ籨
һֻۣһЦνƵĽǷݵ籨ֽݸߵĲ
ϲܣƣƣҿǳ͢ˡ׾ͽҶˣ⣡
ɻĽӹһ۾һͿ˹ȥĲƽӵ¿ȥˣֳ˷飬Ȼôһ
͢û۾
籨ֽܼ򵥵һ仰
һӲʹΣղ壬ȫ̡ˮڰˣ


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ǵѮѾܿһ˿⡣ĺԺ̣ˮغӱߴ֦в絶ķ磬˸оţʮĴѾ
ǵĿҲŴĵȥǰ꣬ǸģֱԶ
ȥǰĹ飬̷ͬʼô顣ǵ캺үǶṩ˶̸ʣھ棬ȵҲ˵֡񣬸ʱģЩӣҲ˲ߵͼֻҪǸʶĶֶˣŪˮʲôط̫鼮˸ɸɾ
ǰЩӣǶһ˵ˣ˵իڣһЩȥ㻹ԸλҺͦӵˡ
˳֮ۡ͢һ첼ʹղ󳼣ȫȨˮڰˣͷβۣ͢οɿۣ
һһӳ弾ĩ
ȻҲۣľ֣񷴳ΪҪλ˵³Σ
ΣһѾΪ˴֮һˡѾǳ͢ƷԱٵٶȣʵΡ
ڻھҲһһССš
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Щˣ»öü˵һȥүףŶҵˡĵţǹټҵˣشҲšؼŶҪȻҴȣ
˵һ䣬ʩ͵һͷ»ϲļƣϽʦ磬ôŰɡǴȨûô໰Ҫ˵֪ŮŶ᲻ãǶѾͷɹȥˡ޳ȥĹŮóȥˮֵҲѾġ
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ʩˢ£ȴһҲ˵ϥмߵ»½޵滨һ㡣
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ֻԱҡͷֻֵֵܰܣҪԲѾǿɾ

ȫǹ󷽵ΣצǺŮʱµûںȻڻǶҾ޴衣ŷ޶Ϊ֮ߡʵҾú͸̸ֽ⣬ֱһ裡
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һȵǼһˮ꣬Цķв豭ϾƵֳˣȻѾˣ̸ʱӻҪģжŵģϺõĴ衣
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ͨǶĻߵӾɫȴԽԽѿ
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鿱ֳж㲻ȥҪ֪Ǵ˫عⶼǴЩգûһֳ񵱾֣Ǵģ
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Ҫθɣʱֱ仯ǾԲڶ룡
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ۼóţһֱԼͿӦʹݣŽӴԴԴͶЧ꣬иĳЦվԼԱߡһЦŴһǧˣȵˣɴӹڹˡЩͬˣ˲²˭

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Цִһǧлһıٳŵһߵˣϻ˰ɡ̫̫ˣʵǲҴšʲô飬·̡
̫̫һԴðʺŶߵ¹ݵſڣͿתˣһ׳ʵӡһŴЦüۡȴ壡ⱱشôǧĵˣ
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һʱ§סСŮӸΣԼջ׳ͦεŮظԼؿڡ
ݺݺʱĳʩԼʱһۿľޡ


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ľңѾȫָѾԭǸģͥԺ汼æȥ׼ӣ¥ӣʻܻ׼һС
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Щֲص壬˻١ŴıƱ޷ΪˮĻ˳㿴ҲѾΪһˡ
ңٳһеȴҳʣһôۡҶλʮּܵүһ˾ϿˣתתתתָһУٲȻһλµүӡ
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ڹȥ诱޾ףһλûСֶëӻѪСѾͷЩλһӶҶƲ졣Բǰܣ͸һϰߡ
ڣ˭ҸСһɫԣ
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ģʲôˣòһʱǵݡҪͽˣǵһúö̸һأǸļһмλ̫үҪȢң׷ң

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źӣתȴ˵
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ֻǳ׳н׳нֻһԸȥôǹӵģҲɵӰ
ʿ΢Цж͸ԬοͤӪԴⳤȥ֮ӪչؾͿɢ˵ġö£ԬοͤӪǲɴ͸һˡֵֻмʮѧҪеûеҪûˡҪʲôʱȥһӸǧﰡһɿ׶ҧҧӦӦǧ˵еã᲻ȥʣ
Ѿ̲ס΢ЦʿЦ˼ֹǽһƳȥɣ
ʿһӵ΢ЦӪǻϵԬοͤҲǳͨίԱľȨûͨίԱͷԬοͤЩᣬڳʣܲһ֣ټϳºԬοͤĹϵһǧˣֻҲƱͽţҸͷָɽУһܷĶȥ
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ʿһİƣһ⳩ģ

ҹɫ縡
ˮ¹棬һŶһ죬ȴ˳һһֻļ
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ǻǱ޿޵ЦݣѾԼһµһĸˡǲһôղӵġ
Ҳ˵ֻǺһһ¥ȥˡ¥ݿֵڵһѧЦŵͷкһ¶Щһѧһ彫ĸϵɲ̫üӡ
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ʵڱùõžһֱ߶Ͼ˵ʸСʩִˮж˵Ů壬һֱ𲪷ҳʩҲȶž̬ҪŵÿһЩǰڱʱ͵͵ӭһᱡ
ڴôѣĿŮһʱӲøʲôƵġ
ۿҪžķţ׼һڴʱ򡣾֧ѽһ죬žѾſڣһ°ɫС¡ֻǵһھ죺үȥĶ
һʱסž鰡ڱʱžڳʩǰҪһͷһγʩž̬Ծ;ŸһͷһԳʩһЩֻԱתϾһû˰ء
ŶžվǶͦþ˵ظһ͵ҭ˺桭ˣȻˣžŶҲһԼС檣ĸһ
׼תıĿʱʩǱߵҲһ죬Ŵ򿪵ʱͿʩһ˫ѣĿĳȣûдӣ¶ļƺɢŮ߸ߵСŮͷҲؿڣֻ£һ׼ȴģ
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ž飬ү׼ģͲܵ´Σʶүģ
иүˮƴôһүߴתүϲ䡣ҿɲϹӣ
һһֹֻסǵ֮ۡ˭˵ţһ죬øԼլҹˡʱֻŭĵͺһˣڱǺýôһҾһ첻ǵţ
ү㡭СѾͷһͬʡ
ӻݴǹ


ʮ ֵһǧĺ๫
ˮǣʮʮա
󵱵أſͼҹ˷յϰߡÿ죬ҪһҾ룬ĳһҲ͵ĻǣÿΨһϢʱ䡣ǶÿôҪϢôӵġ
һ٣ٺĻǡôѣҪۼһףһ£Ͼô࣬ƽƽһĸˡȻÿ㰸˸ָҲٲһ˵ĳλ
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ˮľģҲдúܼ򵥡
ã˹һıϡп״ˣͱ˹ѵοˣڴţ鲻飬ڸңݡ
ʱյӣһķӦǿϲ
ڸӵȵôһ״ˣ˵УΪǿġ״ᣬһǲڵľСԴһġǸʱʮʮ״ᣬ峤ͷһ¡ľʹ߰ڵԪһϸСҲһӶѡֱʮ֮붫ǣʱЩߴѡۺõĴѹǼѧǿһ״Ѳ֮ųʧ
һֱָõĽ˵Ҷˡû뵽ԼȻȵ״ᣡ
ǣΪʲôҪôһ統أ
ʱһһԴͶȥ롣ʵеϲͷˡ
ĿԽ֧ԼôӴԴҪиЭԼˡ˭Эһأ
ǲɣƹܹδ˾ͺܿˣһ档ֻмɵȨ̫ҲǼԦ֮ݾ͸ԼҪӣЩؽ˲ֻвûжġǻ˭أܲǳʩͶžɣ
ҸķյССսԼԿƶ˾⵱С
Σ֮УۿҪβһ·Ȼġȴ·תۿҲǱԾԨ
һеӣߵԼҵ̨ϡһ˲ÿտյġֻǿԶ¹ĺϲӰ
紵ˬ
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һų֪ʲô˼һЦԼĹñӳȥ
ˮңѾǵˡһβɢһѪġΣȴֵġ
ſǸƷѾǻأˮ㡣һȺ˴ۺ⣬ＷͷӿӿΡһӧñٶվȺǰ档϶һεģҪȺǰ涼Ǹ峤
ĳӵȺо˵һֱЩӡҼǰˣͱ·ߵĵϵ·մˮҲˡʱûİƻӭϰߣȻˮҾ
һ߳ȺǰʮͷӶȥÿ˶峯ĹٷǾõģСҲĶӡǰȻԶͷӽϵҲӲǼЦݡҾҲΪ
žģıֻʨӣҲıУҡͷβ趯һĳʻƷ֮µʱֻʨѾҧβ֡һֻʨӲֵ͵һ³
ڴУͿһЦվڳԯ֮ϣ΢ЦǳǳҾȻҲҪ͸ϳֽԼεǰļٱ֮ĳһ˦ںѹѹȺּһƬ޵
һԼһ䡣
ˣ̫˧ˣ
վȣǲʨѾ˹׳ʨӿ³һĸ֣𣡡
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ңĵʲôţ
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¼ͷӽһĿ⣬еĴ⣬еľǴԵЦݡһЦݽһ¶͵͵һЦԺжʱֳǸ޾׵ĻѪŮӵģ
Զʲô˼ԺмͷһתֻһǿȷϵġԶһǿʤͷӣڿ̣ʾҹϵһš
ֻһЦֻо䡣ֻɵչʾͷѾĶ˾ֻԶһģģŸ峤
Ȼػ˴壬ѾˮڸƼһʱ֮ʢ
ôˣɫѾЩԶкһյյúƣѾƷһֱȼҴ˵ԺӵСӽԶһƬǵ㣬󣬾˽ѣδĥ
һǰӿƼĻӵܣǳ档ӿһߣͳһŵԱӿȥϵ֣Ƕ봥һΪƽҡⲻһ·Ȼ˺ЩʱֱԺڣӵ˲Žɢȥֻʮ峤ţҲǺԶһЦݵλԶԿģЦ
ϸ磬οǼˣ
ϧϧôûôһŮ
һžԶڴ£ֱ뻨ǻΧ󵱵ص滨ݣڵƻ֮£㸡Ӱ£ľ϶Ͷ£ڵϣһˮڵһ㡣
ǰɫĻϵСС½һȺʢװŮ͹ǰغ۶Ǹ󣬶ɡɫƻˡѾĿ
ĴһͿһƸõӣ˳ɫɫҪޣϴһŵװɫ£ŮϵԳ˸߸ߵ͵͵Ӱ˾Ų͹ǰݣľĶǡѪŮӿһֻǳǳһЦԳԱһССľѶҲ˺ɫЩ԰סһһӲʽڶˡ
ޣԵľޣ֪ΪʲôһԺо͸ֳһ׺װBʫ
һͷᣬһˮʤĽߡ
ŮˮɫУôŶһ˿ŭ

μ磬˿ڷǳ򵥡ѾҳʵӰֻ۸ŮԶһˡĸ˽һҳʿģվһĿбӣ֪뿴ʲôϷ
һ䣬Զ۸һۡоƱˣǼ磬ԻһЩһǸл˾ˮʮ񣡡
һƾϣһһЦٱˡ¶Ҳûʲôÿġô춯ص飬ʮˣƽȹġ壬Ҳһһ˶ѣ
һɵˬ죬ԶЦ־˱ӡ֪ͷӽǲǳʲôҩʼЦøһ仨ƵġҲ۵ûš
ڶڼ統Ул˾ٿڡȻ˲ȫΪң̫ⱭƣҲԱЩ⡣Ҳ֪ͼģȻס룡
ǱءһȻЦ֣ˬĽڶˡխҲǺһƿơƾʹ˵ŶȥǼĻƾƣʱ;΢΢е㷢Ρ
ȾƣֻǾһִСģҧ촽תתȥҲ֪Щʲô
¶ǣԶֶһۡԶڣˣƣȴǸлһϡҵıŮУֽġžһС诿һֱ˵ĺôҲһҪһ
һһĿתȥͿ读ﲻɫһ䣬֪ǲڵһ¶
һһЦ΢΢ͷʾ⡣ѵҴ⣿ѵһͳҵģˣԼҪ߿һˡԶһ㹵ͷӣһϷ硣Ȼֻǵ̸˼䡣ںݵˣҲкЩ־ġ
ûҰģֻֻ밲ȶӵ
˼ƣҲ˳ˮҲաҽһȶͬˣԼֻкôûл
ɣ
ҲǳǳһЦƱվȻƹϯ棬ߵһ߶Զͷһģ
һҲƱǢʱˣûСǸС檣
УﻹԴءһֽǶͳ̾ͷһתͿ诵ݡŮӺɫĿȥ
Զɫһ䣬û˷һһЦУ
ҧ촽ˣǺܸмġγԷ̫ŹˣүүͰְ֣ҸȥڼұǴûʲôλġ׼棬ûҵλáҲѪͳԭɡڣҾͳ˼ŮҰְ֣Ż̵ģȴҪԼŮ޸һС檵ˡãҸü޸ô
˵գٱǳǳһڶ¡תͳߣˣɫࡣߵ˻ſڣͻȻǻͷǳǳһЦĶ˵˼Ҫ޸㣬ҲŲҪƾͶû˼
诵ŮӰ뿪һǻһ˿޵ĵЦֻſڡ氲˼ΧŮҳүɫö췢ˡһЦȴԽԽ°Ȼ
һȴԶصһӡžһ֣ȴǴӳﴫġȥ֮һɫǹһվһ
ûԶ֣һ͹һЦһҲûбɫԶЦүӣٷ²Ϊװɣ
ͷһΣе˵ȴɫνףȷǸ˺ϼƳġ诵ޣˮǳġ˵˹ɫΪƫƫһ־ڼȻˮٿ״ᡣٱĻ䣬Ҳ֪Ҫᱧ֯󣬻ֻǵ˭нˡ
ԶҪǿҰġүһļϡͳ诣һλߵ˽ͬˡȫһڹλˮңĵλҲˡ
ƫƫû뵽һڷԸʱӦ÷ɿ죬СøʲôƵģһΪȥӡû뵽ȴǸһôһѿ
˶ӲһҲ΢Цλ˼Ҷס״ǰиŮݣҲǺ˵һЩλĺ⣬ˣֻ״棬ˣλˣ
Զʱſһ˼һЩʵ˵ĸˣָʲô
ԼˣûʲôÿһһָһǧҪ״ＯһǧơÿҪ֤ĹӦӼãͬԽԽã
ԶۿѾһΪ֣ҵļҵ׶õó
һһЦָȴڳŮ
Զ⻹ɵ
һȴǰ֣үӣǿ˾̫ûȤˡ˵úܶԣ飬ͽҰɡ

̸֮һ΢΢еȻ뿪ҡһֱװµĳһ֡
һеˣһۣЦʲô
ʶ̵úģ²˵
ƨͷţ
һɫش˵Ļ롣˵ĺ๫󣬿ĸ๫һǧӳ


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ʮաˮ£صĻϲٳ֣״Ҫٿˡ
ˮ٣ĻǡʮδĿŵ֧ŵҡѾЩӰеĲʹ䣬һ𾪵ѡ
ǴʮҲûôһĸղ󳼣ԼԼԼһǻѪǣǡںĺ˵̸еУ粽ãǻ˵硣
Щһٳⳡ״ᡣҲҼ̫ĸ棬ֻǼӺҪ󱸰ѡЩǴ򲻼ǳԵļһЩˮֵˣ֪ۼǸ깣ЩüĻƤǡ
״ᣬѾһ񻶡ſͼ˿ػˣˮĴΧȥȥʶʶ΢ЦҾͬѪ֮ϵѾһԶѡ
ܶ໪˲ûмһǶԼΣҲҪ״棬ЩӵĶһ棡
ڱǧ̣мԹޣһˮ¹ڹһţ̱ɳһ󵱵زѩѡһǷ泩žͳʩ߶ֻæµСһתתȥһһʣүҪǸڲ費Ҫ
һ֮СѾͷҲԴס˱ͺãܿЦˣž˼Ҳˡ
ݺݺߴһź򣬻һõҪԭҲΪ״ᡣӵµ˽ţ
¶˼һ־ϲ±󵽵ʲô˼ôĦˡһҲ±˱ԸֻҪһԼԾչĿռ䣡ʣһʵĵطοˣǧ͸
͢µ˼Ŷ֪ˮڰǵľٶ˽⡣ҲǴԽ˺ô֮һ֪ʷһʲô̬ΪĿʲôƼϤʷᷢ飬Сɡ
ǧǧ˯˾ͷҪǻع߸߼ĵ顣ǰԼʱֻĿǳ˿ʼ˥ĲҾ緢
ʷȷΪıšʲôʱܵ˼꣬һжļ˾ʱٿŰɡ
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һһûüֶšͿڶžĴ˽һЦٴѩѣ
ЦԼԼã¹ٵθڡˣѾ̸ˡλߵӾצۺֳ񵱾֡ҲûжˣȺǰͲЩߡҲôˣҲٱˡڿֻҪӷܵùȥǾͿչعͼҰսѫҲˣûġ﹧ϲˡ
һЦŰ֣˵¶θڣ˵˵ԼģٴԳʣԬοͤô
ѩѣȼšһһʻʱһ˼飬룬䲻ݷʱʶķʣ˻ȥĵطڳʣǲڱ֮أԬοͤȥǳ͢ʲô˼
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ֻǳʶôѩѡһ֪Ԭк˽ġ֮ʱԬֶѡҲǺôһҵ˾硣ʻҲڿǵšôˣӦò᲻֪ɡ
ɫƽѩ¡
ˣԬοͤ˽ܡӪӣѾйǸɽζܱУֻҪ̭һˣղǧԴӻ޽ⳤӪѾ֮ˡҪĵģֻԬοͤ㣬˽ϳ֮磬Ҳܴ󡭡ҪǣģҲǼأ֮ܵ
һ˶žͳʩһۡɱ֮
һȴǳʩŵһ˿ȣˤ˵ϡСѾͷһߣ˼⡣Ͷ״һĻһ½ˡ
һֻǲɫһЦ

С㣬Էˡ
ԣ
ѾߣΧ诵ĴǰŸָĲƷȰλСܳԺһȴҧ촽һİա
ŮΪڷôһүӺͺųղһƢϷˣ˭ϻҵס¶϶ͻˣѾȥһٴˡ͵͵ʰС׼ҳ˼ȥ
û뵽죬ﻹһеŮӾźԼһȭͷ޻档ܵ˵
ѵԼҪ޸ǸһɣǼһﳤǲѿŵġЦҲһ׺ԼʮѽĿеİӦøߴ˧ټһڴ˳ɰǧ˵ģ
ϾͺëǳѣŮӶЩ֮飬ѾʶĻر
Ųȴ˵ᱻƿѾǶ׷׶񣺡ү
ŤͷһȴԼϰۣһεĿ诺һŤͷ⡣Զη壬ԼϰǴ¡
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ľѥİҲ̲סֵͷͿһװ˽㣬˶ξһݣһǳøڲٱһǼһȴڱЦһ
žһƽؾִԵ˧ѾǶ۾һ֪ĸŮϻˡ
һݱںѾ˳ŵģһεķɫõ廨Ե¹ʽĶ첽ǳŽĴǰߵ÷ǳǳʱȻһּȵׯϸо
˵Ŀ⣬诣ļǵľֹϡ
ѥлĶ첽׺һɫõ廨ϷԵ˶Щ͸
ݻĽõ廨说ǰһƵתȻ뿪
ֱ߳ã诲Ŵоһ㣬³һڳڴϣԴų¶õ廨С
ʮ˶ɫõ壬ĻҲûʮ˶ôһ˵ڻϣһſƬһȴǼС֡
һͻʿȴǶ㣬ȴֻһǹǰҲֻᷢõ塣
Ϊʲôʮ˶䣬Ϊ֪ʮ꣬һ䣬ɡ
һ
诵͵͵İһ
ûһƣӵѾ߶Ķ˳ȥ

ܳôۺͳﻹݹľۼһ̽ͷ̽Ե诵ҿȥ
ݲŶͷĺһëû뵽ŴˣҪ
ҪЦЦһȫǿ˺Ϸ˷ܣ˵ţǽĸѡ֮һͻС˼ֲûڴӪٹӪ̫̫ܰǵĻҪӹܲ͡ˣ𵱱˰ɡ
ݲһǴˣñʹҸԣˮǶԴضˡΪֻǴˣĩ
ݴɤһۺͳﶼøˡһ椵ģ¶Ļ̫ɷ羰
ۺͳһԣ˶͵͵һſƬϵĻԴʰ׻˵ôô;ϺܺƤҪҪ¶¶Ĳ˵óֻһǴĶѧģŮӳô
诶ſƬ۲ϲߵӡ
ȴĺ

ԶϦû뺣Сȼ棬һƬѪɫ
վڽ棬ϵĺ磬½߸ߴֻԶҲ֪Щʲô
Ѳ󽢣ںڵԡŽһ⡣ʻȥ
ˮ˵ı񡣶ˮڰУҲһһΰ
һڷޣѾղ󳼵ͷǰ;ȴȻĪ⵱С
ԶԶһڼ䣬Ȼˮ⺣ҷһоʱһָӡżǻ῿ĳ䵭ˮʳǸʱȴʡú̿ľú٣ˮΧתȦ
ˮʦͱŷĵ籨ƽƽ۲ֻҪڻϵˣֱ֪˽µľٶǷ˶ɻ䣬δΣ
ʱ䣬û˸ҴһֱɽһĬĵֻһһģİȮ̫ڽþվ
ĸ죬ȴԶܼݿԶ첽ЩλܸɵĸҲһȦֻҧӺԼϾ·վߣҲԶȥĵţǵˮҪˣǲǿۣ
βһֲԲվáŴ˳Ĭ죬Щ˵Ҫʲô״ˡ˵Ľհ
½ƽЦǣ޲Ҳп
ˣþܴƺĳ˽ʯ֮½ƽԼ٣ţô
һۣҡͷ
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пЩͷŵĻƺһ̣Ҫʹʹȫ
ˮʦˮʦҹĿĴԶˮʦһ󺣵ӣûƬѾôЩֻ꣬дű˺ϡ֪Ǵ˶٣ǿŴͬôһ£ƮǵġҪǿʢֻ֮ϣ
ˮʦһȥһ飬һ갡ƽ᲻᲻ˮʦԼصʲôˣһںһὫԶЩˮʦɲҪҽⷬ󺣣ϵһİ˰
˫ȭ档ͷԼȭͷϡƺУȴȫơ˺ȻǲܿƵҲ
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̧ͷݵʧعѾȫĻָƽԭָ߱һ½ƽͷ֮תͳԼٲȥֻ³½ƽʧһվǶ֮һˣҧݵǸôһ飬ʱҪһﲻܡӺ׵ӽȥ쵶ӳ
ڹʮյҹ
һԼ˯΢
ֻǿŴ̨õ廨۲תתȥûа⡣
Զϣҹ¶Ͻţֻǿ棬ҹɫµĲס
죬״ᡣҲһ֮еβˡ


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ͨͨͨһ趯ֱˮագãҵģȴǲľһŻɫ׵飡
һ̧ȫǰ̣ϼʮıڣǽһжϲյСһÿĵʨĶӣƽ涷ޣҡͷβˮûмô໪˾ۼһҲδЩС΢Ļü˸߲ң
һУΪһ
òǺܴ󣬲ɰٰ˵Ĺ⾰Զ۶һӵվſڣȺǶЦ춼ϲ£ֻǹҾһĹӭӽڡİϣҸǰڿˮϯֲϵĳʦ峴ը룬æòɿϺõĻƾһ̳̳Ĵˣˮһܿġ
ȷ˵һոµĽա˵ľۻᣬ˿ǴҪֳٰٷ֮ʮ˿Ӿٴٷ֮ʮεĲƸÿֳ񵱾֣еĹע״ᡣһǼɵһͬצ۵ĺֳ񵱾ʩѹǸϽӦһһЩ̸ɶļһ˵һǶֳͳεľ޴вңҲǴʱע⵽۹ȽȽǡٸֳ󳼣ǵİͷѾ˹һı档
ڽǻԶɼء
ӭôӰ֮ԶүӵЦˡٿԼӣҲò˶١ү˷ܵúܣÿҹүӴֳ羴ϤһģصĴүӼϲµʲôʱ죿ǿҪһĺţеʣ̫ү˻ȥǲҪţרŹ¶
Զһֵ΢ЦӦӣĶȥүţ뵽̲סһۡʱһҲһšǰôûԼ̵ĶӺţҪǣһŮһ׷ŮǸͷˣҪɡ
һۣأӦõ˰ɣۿ˸ֿǻʮ̣ʮһ׼ͷİɡҴйʵĺӣ
ԶЦֵסˡϰԵüͷôʲôظô
ԼŮеͷǻǸӣûʲôСˡ˵Ǹ˻ˣ뿴ʲôǲáҲûӡ
ԶغһԼԽԽ˳۵ĶӻвҲϢѣԼŮ򶼴ãǵĶ㻹ҪҪǰ诶˵ʲôģô죿죡

һŵż㣬һСżѩף۵һǷ⡣棬ֻһоּ˼ײ𡣡
һ棬Ķˡһ˷ܵվһǰƻˡղŽŸţһ¼ͶЧŵ˲һȻǴƽϧɵСӻòءΪһʮŸһˡ
žͳʩڰүѥñŮӵ۾ƮǷż㡣Ĵ⣬ҲزסŶԷʱȴжһ֮ͬ⡣ȥЩӵһ͸ˡ
һ壬λ׵үЩӿһʮĺ˴򽻵οˣʵһĹ¼Լֱܼ˲áһİȫ浣˼λľųǵĴ壬ҹѲһĹطԾӳһ״壬һҲϸϸĺԼ˵ˡ˵һʲô˲˼ȥҲֻһ˶ѡһڶžͳʩ･ĸŪ֣ġֻǷĵһˡҪôܣֱȵϰߵʳﶼˡ
һһеż㣬һЦս˻û򿪡ĽŲ̧ͷһͿݲ˽
˺δˣɫ԰סȻͦ䡣ׯϵĶϹٳȻ
һһϲվݣ˺õ·ˣ
žһƽؾ촽˵·ԼͦڸһһСˣôɵʽμӣ
ֻҪǴˮڰ˶֪ǴƳص˺εȵزС˲Ȼ˱׼˵־壬Ҳ˶٣
һȻףݲ˵Ҳֻ߹ȥļݺҲߵĳס
»ΪЧΣˣֻǿʼ
һһЦĿԼ£ڰ֣ߣǸԼ֮Уһ仰صڣЧĵطӣأ


㵽Ҫʲôҵ壬Ӣҵ
ȨϥԸԼδڡѪĥ£ȴԽһӢҵôٵ˵׺
ǳҹᣬǾޡҲԼȥѰʲôΪأԲò诽Ե޾µŮӣԼôŹ
Ӣҵ˹ɫԼҪ
һ棬Ŀżּ诶⡣
ڣΪּЧ¡ԼģˣΪԼŬͳһһᡣδŸӲ׳ʷ
Ůĵ飬ˮУһȱõĸƣڴӹӰӡ
Ӣôֻǵ׺ֵϧԴŮӣ
ԼӢҵǲӢۣҪ󣬵ȴɡ·ΣҪߵɽˮġδ޿ԡеԼἤ÷ֲġ
诣ͻҲǴһһءžͳʩ̫ͳˣΣгΡ˵Щƽʵȷˡ
ϧԴԼûôʱ䡣Ҫ黹أҲˣҲգҲգҲȵ綨еʱӵ̸ɡ
ҶɣСѾûзӵˡԼһôҴӦҲǼءŸ׾ӣĸüӣʵڲǵɫԣûѡ񡣵ңʱ䰮ô
СƫƫֺܶµĻںһһż㣬ЩˡʱôһŮӣҲһǳ顣ҲиನδԼġ
ʱȷ޵Ŀܡ
СŮССԸԼҲͳȫ˰ɡôһŮӰԼδҲһͦսš
ôѵԸԼ޷˵ȥˡ飬ֵһᡣ
ζһֱǰת·ڣǰѾľõƷƺͻȻ¾ͱ˳ӵ죬춯أⲻ֪Ƕ˾ۼһ𣬲ܷô޴ĻѵصƥˣԾšһﻹż㣬ƿ̸ͷȥ֮Ȼɽ˺
Щǻˣĵط顣ÿ϶ĸм羴ɤŵĴĻž٣ղ󳼵죬ŲŴǸһ
Է㰸һĳλΧˮﶼѾȫƽˮҲǻǵͷӿڳɤ趯Ÿ첲Էһǰĵ·ά򡣶ʹ˾㰸洩Ż˵ׯص
ˮĻˣƺе
ǰĳݶͷ˹һƤЦĳɫ涼ǶһȻءǸһγֿȭǾ飬Żӭĳ棡
һվſڣֻ֡
ԼĴ棬Ҳһе𲽿ʼ
ԼѾʷ棬һָ̣оǷﻹ诵Ƿż㣬ΧɽХһĻ飬ƺܽˮΣ
֪Ϊʲôһ仰ȴӿͷ
ԹӢˣ˼ͷ

Ѿ÷ֲ˸Ǵӵһľſӿ
Χȫˡˡˡˡˡһ˫˫Ϊ˴һһһߵЩӢʿ١һ̣ЩһѡӣһҲɫൽ˼ڳϵľʡǣͷ󺹵ߣάѾҵ˼򡣵Ǵһһ߶һ߶۾գҲգĿǸȺвסĴͷ΢Ц߸߱ȭҾһ
һػľӰٱ飡
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ڣһ˿ԶȺ߳Ȼ֣ˣʮ壬֧һʮաڴٿᣬڣ
һס֣ЦѵΧĳ˵ôЩĺߴң
һȳΧ˳ͷһɽԶķɿ찲һ˫˫۾һ
һĬһ£̧ͷĲ΢ЦλϣСҲˮڰͬʹ࣬ǰǶǹ֮ͬͬ࣬ͬѪᡣССⳡ¼СΨһңΪϾһЩСԱѾצܶͺǩƺԼ
һצۻ˽ʧḧ⳥ЩӦ֮⣬μѣСһֱòˣ
¾ĬöеʧǲϢ˵ʧ˺Լˣûи⳥ôһ˵һˣǵʧ͵С޶ȡ⳥Ҳ¶ȴһĿ˵˳
ǻ𾪣һ΢ЦȴԽˡˮڰͬĻУˡڴӦڻУ裬ټԹ棬ҲӦӻУĿĿȫȫβչСӲολϡûѪûйϵȭȭ
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ʵ˵һҲǽ״ͷ˾ۼ˷ڣצֳ񵱾ձŵ˲ãٴѹͷɡһѵһˮڰһ콻治ߣһǲôƺ󡣺Ѿָʾצֳ񵱾֣ܵòϽߣ
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Դˮڰ峯̬ǿӲǿ֧֮󡣺ֳ񵱾ߵһҲ˳µ顣
ֻҪһߣһж˵һﻹһССĻָʾǣҪЭĺšֱ״ٿ죬һǺͺ˴Э顣ʱڽϢ˵ֽΣ
ݵľȳĬ֮󣬽ŵĹȻǸıֻ飬ɡһֱԼҪû
ˣ䶯ˣʧ̬ˡ˳ɤţʵڲ֪ǵУ
֪˶ãһƬСһ߸ֲŰ򡣸ղһάĻһӣѾб׳ղ˳ӿȣǱȺХҪǿ
ÿ˶һʱһһ£ҪЩ췴ȥռ˵ܶȺĶȼǣͺԥĸȥˡ
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ϣͷϹñģǱֱĹ˫Ȼ߸ߺ𡣾һ
Χǣһ̣١ȫƽɽİ¡һ仰Ҳ˵ϣֳľǾġ
˴˵ȵزЩУôվ
һһɴ״ᣬȴѾ˹˵һ־ˡ
ʮգǩˮڰƺԼ֮ź񣬱˳ΪԺޡ
ͬգһᣬһǧİʮƽͶЧ֪ʶŰˡһǧˮҶṩͬʱСŮ诣һȻЩǲΪ˵ˡ
ͬգʽ鳯͢һڳʡӪһͳ
峯£ֻǹעһܸ£ʲôıֻӦԺͳ֮͢Ĺϵһ˶ӣģҲ뼰顣


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ڱҲŨԭһҲ΢еʪůèҲѵƤӵĴ󿲼硣ƲӪͿⶡүǶĴһСްڽͷҡˡݾҲ˴ſ˿ڵתɽӪЩ޷׵Ҳһѡ˻ӣǵ衢˴̶ҪķɳһжѾ˴
죬ǵĻҪʵһЩͷβȻ۵һΪǩǸԼȥ˳֮׮׮ײǶ۲ݡ̷ͬʵĴʱľų÷ˮġԴзսʮ꣬ķǽлҶԼһһʲô⣬ƫƫֲ˵ϰôһʶҾֻģãóһʲôˡһôߵԾ𣬻ǱĴһѡͳνײʲô뷨ϰĿУǸλɻ˵ã
ȣƲ龪ġָ˽ѵ۸ǰղңٵ㣡ŵСȻȻҪϷүٱġ˾ǣϽҲ˰ɣССǲʹͷ͸ͷƷð߬үǶ˵أ
ʲôãѵӣڹҪ˺͵ʱӻλãԽϻܶڻʶȤȥسعţ
ʲôģȥκӾأھӣڳһ֧͢鳼ţɱ
С㣬ܳʲô鳼ûĪ̸ô
оˣٹҲ޲˼˵һڽƵʱɲĹٳֻһˮѡôδôʽҪٳˡҪǣ浽̫˵λã⡣ֲ͢һֱȨͼϹҲóҲйءһȥʵķҶף͢򲻿ܲӦġΣҪſءʱĬĬ۲죬ʱ˵ˣһһĻֶλóٺ򲹵õҪǿųĹٶȥǶȱʹ˼ء
žһһ֣˾ʱиĽɱһȴȡ߽ȴǴؿץ
ִ֣ӵڻһȣȴȥͶӡȻĶи֡үӺе㵱Եӡ뵽һűԽԽףס־ҵĿ
ĵĻҲΪӦۻɫͷ˼鶯үӿԣֻʹһɫһֱԹǶǶ˫С򣬾æȥүᴷ
ֹ˿ԣЦһѹͷˡÿ굽죬ĸضƵġүҲ͵ˣʡ̣ʳ
ǳǳһЦ澹ȻеѵõүүɽأָʲôʱϷүһ¶аأ
ʧЦҳˣɫģƺְѾϷүˣڷΣ
΢ЦүүҲŲ̽ڷġϷүҪʲô¶ڶƲԶԶĲźá
һĴȣϷүӦһȥˣԶԶȥǣ¿ǵóԸˣһ³ĺˣȨжѣǶ֪Ϊܸ֮أγɶ֮ơͷҲ˵ҪһϷүӦѾͷǲģ
ûӵǣȴڴǰӰǰ˭֪ŮţýȥһǴ̫ӢӴһһֱΪĹЧоϹĴŮ
һȥʣܵ۵Щ˰ΧҲ²ֻܷ飬вӦĵһӾʹӻпٳӪҮһ߰ܵþ⡣ӪˣֻҪӪ÷˭˵ǽĽ
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þһҽϴȴ֪תʲôӡȻת˴̫̫Ŀڷ磬˸ƫƫѾͷǲϣ
ƫͷȥСԼʮŮʼеֻǳЦ˹ȥүүϷү˽ڡͱʲôүӣСѾͷҪһϺõͷ档ùͳɡ˭ҲûаȵĲǣ
һЦȥ̣öɡϷүȫ죿һʹ󳼵壿
ҡͷûйҽεĵ϶ĸүң졣үүҪúöҸ¶ү󺣾ˮʦ˽ûʲô¶ǳʲô壿ΪĿɲһΪģ
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ֻЦүүм¶Ʋ˰ɣҵһүС˭ӣ˭ҲĻúһ£һڳš棬һͷүЩСľųʲôӪǹӪһεϹ졣ЩгϢĵһﰡ˵֪ץȻմѣǾ͵ۣ
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תͷȥžһڶ߽ǴһӼȳɢİһԳɾ棬иսγɺӦ֮ơ
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ˮƽҲǴˣᳯвˮλҲʼŷһֱȥ
ڽıһ֪ͬİӣһȺģ׳ڽɢǴӵŴӵǴ̵ĵũ˶ŶвŴǰĽ峯ϹĹٶǾЩģɹڵũǣҳһڡǾ֮أŮſڵˮСĸڹٶĺ棬Ҳ֪ںסģʲôµתֻЩ£¶鷿ĳũҸŮת
ǰӣ峯ڳʵղͨίԱܱƵһλĩǡԼм̳ӪĺӵԬԬοͤˡ
ڽ߻Уͷ˼ˮʪ۹ӣҲȻģżһʯͷԶȥĿʯ齦ˮ
һӪģٴյߣԬˣˣû˰ɡԺҪˣʹʲôء
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ԬбӪ٣ҶΣԵΣ
Ӫ⣬˧ⳤӵܣͱԬֶո˵ġЩ̱ǾѶ漫ЩӪڳͷʶˣϹ٣Ҳ֮ԬҲǡ͢ҪЩ˵ǵȷԬͬ˼¾һ״µԸΪˮˮȥȥǧ֣޲˼
⻰ʵ˵е飬£һǧ˻֪ûء
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ҪãɫЩԥ飬ЩӪӵȷСһ׮Ҳɱͷ˲ӪЩӪỵ弾ܱƵϹλģûӡԬΪܽһߣţ󳼣йӲġ
ɫԥԬġһ˹У֪жԬĸأʱã֣ҲظˣСһ׮ڵϣ
Ԭһƺһֻǵ⣬ôҲ˲ͷ룬µĲ˰仰ˣáã
ҪԬ漷һǻģ
ԬøʲǣƥһЦָǣȻɣֻǸͷˣ
仰һڣԬԼ˵˵ӣ췭һӡʱľӳ˳ȥĸʲһĴӵϡ˺ô̳ũ˷׷߱ܣ˭ҲҵϹǰ˻ͷҲ̧Ĺ͡
˵ƿһ˸׵ľ棬ж˭ָķ

ˣʹڣǷΪѧɺѧɵġѧһɣһڸ֮ʱҲһƽҵġףǶѧɵĴСѧǿʢձҲļƣǹϣⱨһȵġһϵ⡣һɽģгʱܵġһҹӲʵ̫ԶǾͿձǸӪȫձѵһһѵģҿûʲô˼
һ԰׵ڴ棬ְܾĺһ˵ųʾơڳʮ꣬ƵǳͨһеȤڳʵ飬սо鼮ϣǸ֪ж١ͨƻĲ˽ȫ档ǿδھ䵱ĻŵĽɫҲֻһš
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Խ٣ȵȱݾ͸ԡ涼Ҫʵ֧š˱֮⣬ҪԼĲҵ֧¾弾ǲּңΪġԴӸ浽󣬾ͶЩĻıķǳȤиӪҵع֮󣬵Ҫúöôһ¡
֣ع֮һҪġ⣬ҲҪԼĺ֧ţǵôڱ󡣵ԼҪһִ̾֡ӵװٵѵʿļ顣ǧûпնҲɲϴóЩȨҪԼع֮Լӣ粻ԶҪô飬ʱ͵Ĵҵˡ
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ִںѾƮʮ죬½ʲͨԶԶںԼֻ֮Ǻ˸кڻعʱһһ·ͱˮʦϵûʲôᡣʱ˷ѵʹ
˹£˽Ҳô¶žͳʩعٶδ϶Я请ǴǳԴˡŶûлᡣ说һѾ߸ϴҲֵúܡԼ³ƺֻ̫̫С㡣˵黹ûϡȻǰһβļͷȲգϺҲǼΪˣϸ°׷塣үصʱʱ䵱УǴһԽǰ㣩
ճ̣Ҳ쵽˰ɡЩӣˮѾϺı˲ĲԺڡ
û˯ʱβͷȲյĻȼװ棬ͻȻ诵Ļź˶Ȼ٣һƬ̾
һվž߳գǿٶҲֻεĸں档
վڼװβ棬һװȹɫͷ紵õ趯СֻǳĿԶ
ȥԺɫĲˮһһ˵ӿǺԶ⺣ĻԶһԼİߣʾͷֻ½ߵӰӡϵоͷĿ֪жٸɽӣ׳
źЩǣĻȡֻ쳤˲ӴĿƬأƬֻڳпڿഫľĵ⣬ﲩԶƾõ
诲Լ紵û䣬ֻǿȻͨľ󣬿ǰĻԶ½Ƭأ˵ĵطôƬ׻ʲôһĸܣ
ӭؼҡ
说һͷͿһˣվߡüƺҪĿԶ½
͵͵ĳԱ˰벽ûӣһŮúİһһأЩ⡣ؼӦúܿ
ʣ㡭Щʲô
һһЦĶ㲻סһ£ͷĿһ˿УȴΪǰŮ
㵣㽫Ҫܾʣ׳鷢ҲҴķɡƬ壬ÿ˵롭


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ʮʮţˮſڣѾۼһ۹ӹͤͲʻƷѾչƴƣղͷ󳼷ԭǴӾ·䷵ضţղ󳼵ȼӭơǻӵ׻߷⽮س󳼼ղͷģǻӭҢӺΪλղ󽫾˧սۡʱƣղ󳼷ǴĻִˮصְ·ĳѾˡӭӵ̣ҵ㣬Ҳɼ쳯ϹѾ˥ǡ
ӭղ󳼷ȴʮͬġӷʼľǲŵĹٱǸά򣬹һЩʱȻǹӪҲʮүִŻʽ䵱档ͷ𣬲ϵĹٳٽιкǳԶԶĿšЩ˴үıûУͷ졣һͿʼ࿮̾
ƣƣõ˺٣үӽЦףλǣ
ҲˣүֵʲôҲġҼҹ̫̫ԶֶŮǴεȥүӣӱŴ㣬үӾ˯ˣξȻҲˣ
ģģҲ˺٣뼯ҪȻûүҪĺúóţ
ĵҲ˲ãүۿģƼź̫ûУϷүү͵ĿⱲӻӹ˭ţ
˺ͲͳŵӪû̸ͷ뷽跨Ĵյ˻ǹӪ飬ʣӭλү
ǹӪҲصģ˵ãǽӴƺëղ׽ӣϻϷүټ
ʵкɴ۾Ĵָø߸߶ģúӺúӣȻúúó򣡡
ˮͷϼӺȣҲһֵֻۡĻ̸ۣӭղӵȺ򣬼ʲżλͷӡȻٲȻǼ̸Ļȴ䣬̸֪ЩʲôﶼתŸָ˼
ӭʹΣͲʮ࣬Բ;һȷƸˡ˭һǣץȨĴأȨүǶˣﷴʾˡö⣬һշһͱҪʩһĹٶѾúˣҪΪءǮλүҲȲһһլԺֱʣֻۣʽһһ档պͲöƴϹͷˡ֣̣ͼ³ºŶֳɵġ
أҪȨһھǸԱûôϣϷүԽӼٺúõİһųˮ³çѵ£ҲҪúóη²ǣڸүѡɵ˺󱲣һǣһ˵ϷүʥĬˣѡղ󳼣رܸܽסһģ
λﶼת˼ѵĻ˵ɴտڡֻ΢ЦҲ΢΢һôûķﻹӲҶϰˣð˷磬ɲģҴҪԼӹǣƺҲôذɡ

ִ춯ϴһʻٴ򶫶У򵽱שˮϼһˣղ죬ڴƮ
שҰ续
һϰûڽŶֽͣǰвŲһ˼һҲȥţһԼղԼüѾɵղίԱˣֱղ󳼣ҲȷȥԼʱ޶࣬Ӧ⡣լ氲һ¼Ҿ죬ȥһˣҲǲŷţԼʱʲ֪ͨæЩʲôղӣֱȥ
ʱҴ磬ɾǰء
ʱڹٲ棬Ųյղӡ
˵£ղӻе㼼Щ˵㶾ĴҲûкֻ˵ҪԼЩӱߵĵáڲշһ࣬ʱۺվǰϺһӣѪˡ
һղӵӣͻȻһûκεĿЦʰʣ쵽˱˲ôʱ俴ôϺһҪ˵˵ɣҼȻ˵⼼װ鶼и㣬Ǿûл˵ô˵ô죡
Ϊ˲ţշǵ˼󣬰һЩˡ
ղӹȻ¶һмɫһ񣺡ЩӣڿϵЩ칤סȻŽӵתγϢ˼˺ܾãҪ棬ǿ٣٣ԭҲҪ֤úҲЩڱʡΪҪûг⣬ɴͰǵıƽˮ·ͨ䷽㣬úϡǿļԼѧУѵԵǸɵ¶ѾΪɫˡ
ƽһѾðʺšʱǼ磬ƽ賧ܱܲסϻǾţȻղ˵裬Ȼǿǵƽ̬ơ뵱ձڳʵֳͳΣҲڳʱḻúԴûأԼ֣첻ȥġ˽򽻵;ͷ
ڳʱһƾǣԭڳʵľӪҪںǺڣ⳯ʵķһͳģҲϲڱƽԼ϶еء
ҲͨڳƽСģľӪȶһ˲ŹǸҲֻҪǮӼõϣֻҪԼλֻҪһͨ˲ź;Ĺ˶飬Ҳؽ
˵ˣԼδؾͱסƽ
һЩղ߶߶ķƽҵصĲ裬пе˲ţûôýȥЩϸҲȥܡڷ¶Ѿͷ綷ϸϣֻԼҪԭ
عֻղӺ漸仰ˣ¹㣬ڳһ񣬷Ī졣ҪЧҲ֮Ҫһ㣬ǵ˸ȫȨЩ컵ˣҿǸ󳼣˽ˣѰ쳧ŲŸ˵ģЩǧҪΣһʼø˽ɣ»»һӦȫʲô飬Ͱ˰ҵķ
һһ֣ǰڷί͸ǸʱһҵƶȣͲ֪˶ٴΣʲôþˡû뵽ղҲҵƶȸĸ
ϽЦݣĵͷ㣬Ȩϣ㰮ôô졣Ҹ㡣
ղӿһһۣԲ۾򣬲Ҫۣ˽ΪһĿѾͲˡ뷨ļһ̹ɡλ˿֮󣬵ǲүô˵ˣӲΣҲǴ󷸼ɻ顣Ȼ㶵ֲɵ쵱ѧͯҵԳһףܽƣⲻǵ˾ȨǽôҲδûеһʰȥ·˼ƾֱҲܸоλĴˣˮֻ̫ܰĸ㼼ء
û뵽һȻһڴӦ
ղӣҲ̲סͷһȡ
ګګֻǿһ滰һʱסֻص춯
һֻ΢ЦĿʣĲԳһףĸ࣡ǵĹҵϵڣǿͷѣȻ㣬ҾͻʩΪ
ҵϵҵϵ
ⲻղʵ룿һҪǿʢȨı䣬ǹơݺأҲޱ֮ľΪһҹ֧ŵģȫ湤ҵϴ۹жôѣˣ״Ļ䡣һȫҾ޴ıǿǰᣬʱЦúĴ赭дһ˵
Ϊʲôĸ֣Լۿȣ
Ψ룬ǲ䣬⡣
Ͻͷһ̧ƽˣЩ̫ԶĿɡΪ˼ƣ㳯ʣ޷Ҫһ֧ѸٳǿҲٻһЩҲµչΪھǹڣһʽǹת˲ٷȥԷһǧ״֮Զ˲ٱҲǶܼһװҲǿ˵ʤĺ÷ӣ˲֪ôҲûôװ̫ȴȹʮܣҲںͼʦͬоһҪװ˵¸һ֮ڣǿԷƳԴԴӼô˾У
һһվղӹȻűأΪ߻ǹûʶҲֲ֪ʼĩһֱҪ1905նսʱűʶģװ֮һֱҪ˵һս֮󣬳ΪܼجΡ
ģԼѡ¾ȻǰʶղʵʵڵΪɾڿһУõ˲Źģʱκ鶼һЩ
˹ִ˧ֱë˼ҷﵽ˼µһ仰˵ɲܾһôԼľ仰ղţ

С㣬ôȣ
˫СѾͷһ¶ǵССУͷŶСþһ
ֻǾĵң̵Ĳָסҡֻˮⷽȥ
Ǹһڸõ˰ɡ
СѾͷֽͷһȥ˭֪۸ڶϷүϲҲȥʹһһСѾͷڹĺɰšɴûмôϰһ˹ϣ
뿪ԼһЦֲҡСãƽĸȴׯأҲ˵ʲôﻰСֻһЦٵٰɡ
˵ʱ򣬾¥и첻ߵɤ£𿪣𿪣ҼԼ㻹ҪͨôүĻô
δ䣬Ϳ˫СеһܾС¹һ˵ƤŵľСͨͨġСɵظүҪ
һЦģҵ׵ܵܣ̸˱ңôţ
С죬촽δͿҲǽΣû˵
¥ִ˴ҡڵĽŲȻͿһӵλıϵ¥ȺݺݶǶСһۣŵĺ񣺡Ͻ㣬ҿʲô¶ҺͱԼ˶ȣɱ˵̫ãʶۣ
һЦʾСϲ裬ԼǸܵܡôû·ֻϵŵĻƴӻģºȻţֻǲСҡСúҲͦɵġ
ģôεһӣ飿
˵ׯڣһǻƴӣ¶ʲô¶ˣ
ҧ촽һЦ۲һǶǴģҲˡǿԼһ츣أС̣ǸүǰƴӸǶûƲɣүô磡
һվǵͨ죬ſھӲסˣ㣬ҪСңҾҪ֣
ҡͷСȥ󶪳һҲ㣬˭㣿˭֪ǷݼҵҲ̳вˡָ㼹ǣ˵ȹӵ»š˹̣ʮĲ࣬Ҳˣô죿
ɥô죿㣬˭뵱ӣһںڵòٺڣһ˭ҲƲ㡣е˹ʽ飬ȴڴ⡣ҶЩ˵ڿɺãȴ˵ǸŮӣô˻ޡиģӡô죿ɴͻһҲһˡ㣬ǿ
תѩĿסңСѾͷĵĿС㷢ŭ
ֻǵһЦûϵԼͳˡһʹҪȥɣҸɺã
ʲôʹ
ɫ֣أȥʣһ£˽
һһתȻһҲɣҺСг𣡡
΢΢һɫֻǾĿһͷԵ
ã㲻ȥڱǺ졣ñ˴㼹ǣ˵ĻֻװšŽҳӣֻܵһӵ㻹أ
һϯ渵ֱӣʱҲǶݡֻǿȦһ죬Ťͷȥ
㣬ȥˡ˵㣬Ҳǹҳɣ
Լϵܵܣ΢΢ͷСУȻ죬ȴֻǹ̴ŻŸɴ൱ԼȻûпܵܣ۾һһֵĵ˲μҪȥ˻һôһʲôһһŲˣֻŵù㡣㶼Ҫȫң룬ǧصǣֻô㣿
һİƣүˣ㣬ʲôʱȥһҲǸ첲ܵĺӣ
ҲǸɴ࣬Ӧ˾͸¥ƴƮƮȥˡ
תְңþõĶҲСѾͷҲҳվıš֪˶ãһ춯ǿڼֵǧĹһ±Ƶұѣ˶ҲСѾͷȻŵʶľ͹
ҲУģΪʲôˡ

ִһĹٴڵִˮͷ󳼶һۣ۹ӣǰͿٴϸϸȻ˿Уһ̤żλǶȺ򣬶ʱæķԸϿ塣
λëʮʮˣһź춥ӣͷƮղ졣ȴʵЩۣ¶ЩͻĲ
һȷǴƫƫҪɽ˺֪ǴĶĿֵˣҶһԼͬķһȲ
򣡡
Ҵʯ
ˣٶǽѵѵˣ
һЦֻǲϹֶȵźá첽̺ͬн飬ӭһЦղһ·࣡˴Ǳס˹棬ǰ̲
һһղӣסĴǧЦˣλииҪǸλά֣һн죿ҲһССǣշ͸λ˸ϣӣһҪͣ
ͷӶһۣһ£һź׼ٺһ£ٵӹͤȱƣõãſֵкͷһ߷ֿһ̧ۿȥͿŹɫֻӵλʿҲƵĸǰҲȻϸʥĸ̫Ϸүּܲ˾Աһ󣡡
λöʱֻһһ򶨵Ĺ赸лʥĸ̫Ϸү䣡
һŵ־ʦҪټǴ棡Ҳǹʮδе
ͬվԱţͷͻȻһѵϷүҲһ㽫͹ͼ֮һҪʵеļƻֲô


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ʱһԶƲȥǴĩ꣬ӿԥׯٹ׳̫ˡ
֮ǰ̲ˬĳ棬Ů̫ഩϢΧԿеطȻڿ̣ۿ˿βʱͶ뷴ӱľ޴
һ£֪Խ˼ŻͷתһլԺ֮ǰլԺſڣȴС̫ͦ͹ǵվšſڻмЩѾǶϺĶˣȴЩС̫Цһͽֺöӡ
һһ·Σú԰ſ½Σ½ɽƵɽɽµһﹻ۵ʱ򶨶񣬷ֱһ¶ǰլٲȻȴȲú԰л󳼵ٵҲǴͤáЩԸʲôطˣ
һһϺϵźӣһһ·Ʋš˵Ľģ⼸С̫ȴЦøһ仨Ƶģʹ˹ȥλ̫󴫵˾ԱֵܼѾˣλǲܵۡ
һС̫ڿĹӶĿһۣЦȥģæа۵ô
һЦžתһͱɫҲ˾ԱˣŰĹض֪׵
һҲɫ弾һֱ򽻵ģٶҲٶСľͲ˵ˡ϶ǿͿû뵽ȴҪ⼸ɧζ裡
ôλߵĴһҴ£Щ΢С˵ϷֱʬζЩ飬϶ʱǾű
һЦȴ˿ûм棬һĽ¹Τү̻ҲŲƱ׼ˡ˵ν׼ӽԵġðΣļģ
һͳʱѾŶʮĺƱأŰҲôһģˡתֵݸǸһϺö˴ſڵС̫࣬ٿĺͷβ£ʱЦˣˣ£
ЩС̫ӹƱ̬ҲʱͬЦˣ룡ܹܺأ
һһǼϷүô
һС̫͵һЦܹܣôϷүүҲܹܰˣݼܹܣһ裬л⣬Ҫ׼ˡܹȻƢãػǹزǣ
˵˵ȥǮùһѾĲȥˣǵˣʲô͸Ͻʶȥɣڱǣ̤ˮؿʼֻʣѹ֣
Ҳ˵ڼС̫Ĵ£ǰֱȥһֱߵԺ۾һ¶ź˴ͥð裬޲ǸӺڸͥԺվñֱġһһģǴµһó̫࣬Ϊ࣬һ̫ݣԹ¶ԴžӰӢܹ̫࣡
·С̫ൽڵʱҲҳһڣߵſڣһһƣźܹү˾Ա
һվ۹۱ǣǹġѰ˼λܹܣ֪ڸأڸνᣬ˾ǣȥʵĴ֣ܻܰ
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һ룬ҪݵӢȴ첽һѼס̫ʪʪģһ˦ûҡ
ľӢۺúضүٱǡ˲ҲҹĺúӣˣϷүǰͷģͲãٿͷǲҪҿĻȥ
һֻǿЦңң
˵ӢͽһýԼ棬С̫࿴ӢһôվԱŰˡ
˽ӣӢҪһҲϣӢڿˣһڶմһƨɣӢ˵
Ų죬ȴһСŮյ裬̵ĲҶյɢ
ӢŪŲյ΢ЦˣϷүʣɵ˼ػʱ򣬶һ£ǲģһ䡣
һֻӦһٹҲûˡ
Ӣƺһ̬Ⱥ⣬ЦݲϷүˣҲܹ£Ūɡ˸Ϸү㲻ˣҲ˰Զһ£ҲǾǶ֪Щ󳼣ϸɣǾȥ˭ҸΣһͽֻͷ˵żǧڳʣҪļҪҪͷ˴򽻵ʲô齻ϣǾˡϷүأ׼ൣһԺʲôӣʲô飬ֱӷϻӣתϷүɺãԼֵܣͲ˵һˡ
һЦȻǾ֮ж㲻ȥĳ棡Լʮ¾󼫱֮أˮѹˡ˭Ϊǳɫ˲ţԭԽûָˣҲʼҲʮδеģؽĿʹȻץԼװı߶أ
˼תȴǿܹ˵ﻰ¹ԵϷүԸϷүô˵¹پôûжλؾ¹Ҳȥˣ˹ط·
ӢЦӿվ򣺡СӣٷưɣߣʹȥϷү
һҲЦվִͳʱѾһͷƱлܹܲ衭
Ӣһ壬Ӳ˻ȥԼֵܣδ㣬Ҳٽӣ͵Ű۷ϲˣԼҪ㻹ǿ˰
䣬һС̫Ѿ첽ĵȺӢɤŶԸ˵¶̲ܵϻӣһ·˼ҪŰ浽еĳ۲ǣ
С̫һ뿪һЦŽƱӡ±Ǯº

ټһĳʽİٵӢһ·Ƹ˼ߵٵſ½ΣſѾ̫ȫرվţһɭϾ
£ڵſʯ棬Ӱ߲
Ӣͨһվһ飬ֻǴŵſһһʯͷ˽Ŷλ̫̫ˮ׼Ҳһˡ̫û˸˵۹͵͵ĴһһҲֻ΢ЦԶԡ
ڵȺӼʱֽŵ˼ûСЩ˵˼ƽϣȫաЩ˵ˮ׼ˣȻǶѾʺʱԼʲôǵģʼ磬˵һЦѡ
Ҳ´ԼٻؾǣͲÿκ˵ɫ˰ɡ
ٵڣͻȻ˴һһղ󳼣ʹΣ󳼣һ
һ½ٵڡһ߲ǺܺõĿտ֮ڣգգ۾ӦĹߡŻָͿֱ棬һ£ϲź񹬷۵̫̫ͷ䣬Ȱꡣ˴Ϸү˭
ԱߣȻŵһ֮ԵѪɫøһѿ˷·ĹʵۣûֻһкñСñֻ˸ĿŸ߸ϵĴ˼ҡ
ĿͶ˹һĿһ֪ôģֻǾ䡣
ĸӵһͬټԼӿɲС
ͷ͵͵תһѾɽݣһߵʥĸ̫Ϸү򸣽𰲣
ߵһйɺݾԼԴģ
ӻڰˣ
֮ſڵϲҶ˺һɡôֿġǹǴ岻˹͸λɡ
һһлԱλһƨĿͶȥ͹һȴĵŤ˹ȥ
̬ȷ·˵ҳлһ㣺Ĳʹÿ˳֣
һػٹҲûˣϷүͻϺ踣Ȼˮڰǻ˳֣ӻԾʡ˿һѣһϷүٴʮӣһЯϷүͻռ⣬丵αЧ⣬Ϸүͻϴɡ
Ӣվڴĵĺһһ´ķԣһǵٵ϶
һЦ⺢Ӳܰ²ǣҲˣѵˣЩȵϵĲɣϣ¶ܲӳ
Ťһӣګګ˾ǼܸɵģڽãѾӦˣǧ˵ıãȷ󣬻ٳӡ
һЦϰ˵㣬Щʲôĸǰǧˣ²ãûУ¶鲻ãҪ⺢Ӵһ򣬾ǲǾ׼ץϹ˵𾢶Ļǣ⺢ȥĻǡүȥ󳼣ȫĵģˣҲܾҲǣ
ֻǴףϷү˵ǡ
İ˰֣˵ĸ¶ŲñܣҲþܡԼɣ򺣹ǶÿָӳǾţǶ㲻˵Һ̨ȥΣ
ϻϷү˵ǡ
ЦЦתͷֿñֱһºͣôŰɣԺã뷨ٸõĶͷ˾ǺúöİѲʹЩЧĿӡӢģ󹤣ȱӲȱ
ӢһϷүĻҲȱʮɡ
ͷ񣬿ǵʲôͷȥɣοղ󳼵ͷҿҲýˣͰ¶ɡʮ͵ˣٵڱңõġһ׼ٱ
һͨһ£лϷүͻ϶䣡Ҳж£׼ϾͿʼļʿӪڽͣһԼһ͢ɣһ͢һ֧֮ʦ
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һھҪ
һڵ٩٩̸ϷүͻϵĻǹҴ֮أͱ󻴾־ʤ֮أ滤סҪձʦţ򾭹ѵǿԳǻ񡣶ڳʺܸս֮ٶӪʿڱ棬ɲԶҲǴ֮ءڣǽź;ʦŻѾǼټ١ֻҪҲҪҴŻҹӵܵĽģԽ࣬ҴԽ
͹˵š
һ͵ǵɫ˵ȥҲ֪͢ѣϷүٴ䣬ҹϵԽ֮ãȥԳۼ֮ڣϷүͻ϶׼õţ򳼿ɱÿ궼а֮Ϊ֮ãһѪϣϷүͻϴɣ
û˵ؿʵвҲױ˵ȱڴǰֻǿһ
˲ţΪԼã
ȴɫͷȻáþ֣Ҳûʲô˵ġղοͷȨܰȥôô࣬ϸӣϺңϸϸš׼ľǡ
δ䣬һͷϷүͻߺ񣡡
һЦתͷ¶˵꣬ϣôĹ˿ãѵˣά˹棬ǲܲͰǳ͢¶ҹܲšϣŰɡ
һһԵˣйͣǳ͢³̡̫ᣬҪŵսЧءθʵ˲ʹΣҳʽƷԱˣģͷƷҲܲġټ˫ۻᣬõİͼ³ºŸ㡣֣ϽѰҲͽ᲻棬ú͢к
ţͻȻ廰ϴβ˵ҲҰսѫô͸ӾɣΣźúǴͬʼͳղǣ
һҭסղޱȳֿһŹϵƴɢ֮ЩͣǴͷ˵ġ̬лһԻʵӵһѪ¡û뵽Աһ仰ʩֳϣ
ϷүּܲһӾ

ú԰ſڣһԱǶڵȺǣղӣݶ룬üһáæ٣Ƕһġ˭֪ˮжһû׼ûĻС
ŲһһȺĴӵ±ͳҲһ׷ӭȥһһĽ˽ӡ
վһθԱߣʵΣ
һЦɽһۣŶʩأ鲻үҶӾˡһȥȻǾͶȥʣ
ɫϷүǻϣ
һֻǵһЦǾͿԼѵô˵վͺϽһεװ壺Σ
ڣһֱ곯˯ĴͻȻһһֱǰźӢǰһһƴ̫̫۾ôģһ˯Ҳޡ
ӢʵϷүôˣ
ԼġӢ飬»ûУϣҲܵһ


 
Щ鲻ҲһЩա
ԭǸڵģеĶǽڱ־У캺үǶ˭һүһЩʱʱݷã˵ҪµĴѧѧաЩˣûһȵ̷ֵֵܺܡ
Ѿ׹ȥһֵֻ¶˵ĻûӰæҲӦȵץǽĵġԼҲԼǸϴ֣ڹҴﲻԼֵܣǵնͷѪʱܿĺôˣֵǴ¶ֻʰŲȱֵ벻ܳæ
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嵱ʱظȥӣһסţæĴ¶ʲôýģף綼ȫˣ
ڷ糾ͣڸĵ·ϡ
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ۿ۵ֱ滹ֱֱġĻһүЪЪɣ׼ܵٲ⣬ûӵ׵˵ȵð¶ˣ
ƺȻһЦҲˣסЦһ£ͷԵģͶһԶ˼Ҷӣ˵¶˲٣ôĸģãЪЪ
ƶժˮ«ø˳ɶǴĻ컹ţӣԼղСӿˣ˵ѧʶֶүɣʣ׼ͶЧ»үӣҴŶ˵Ůøǹ࣬һ˲
»үǸüӣһЦʵǲȥͶҿɲš
Ļʼ򣺡Ľ˭ȥҪԼ籼ȥˡٶ꣬˴үûܹ
ǳһĻסڡҲ˼ֵ˵¶ǿڿ׻֮УҪֵġһ´ʶʲô壬Ǹôһ¶
ֵܣɹŲԭϼʼͿװ

ǿĪɽ£ʵʵսҪбʱ䲻࣬Ǿ֮аɣһ֮ڣҪǧʿ˭񣿡
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Ѿ֪Σ˵ԱղҲ֪ͷҲʹвһ£ھʦ˿ȻһٶϽݾ
ط֪Ϊʲôʱδݴǳһʲô鶼ͷȻ˹طͿԿʼбԿʼԼĻˣǺղӵһʱ͸˳ȥͣĻϺȥļ˶𡣳͢ʱûһҲûָݣ̯ôһб
һ˵ԴһһΪá֮һӪʱѵʿѵϾôӣ֮ǰֻҪһ˳ϵӣ
һǧѡһǧ˳ڵʱʵûĵúܡǧˣǵʱһʦһǧˣ˱һʦǺڡ䡢ԱڵʱѾǺܿɹ۵һ֧
һһЦһ¶ȥɣ˲ͷϸòɡǸȥʵĺãˣˣ۶һɢ֡
ݵͷˣʮˣһ֮ڣ»ǧ
һ΢Цͷ¶Ǹȥ׵
ʱŵȻĹܼźŲһ̽ͷ̽ԵĽһƽúܡλܼң˴ƽʱԲһǰһΣһкһգ۾ͳǰõúܣ͵ʱһݵĲ²⻳ɶˡ
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һһۣ֪Щôͷٷ죬֪ҪھǶڼ䣬˳ʩͶžһֵģ
ʱ忪;е죬δȢ檣峯ʱ˵ҲŮһδȢ檵ģӿӿʩͶžһ·׷棬ҲˡҲе԰Լ·˵ȥɣù¸ٶӣǸǸ
˭֪ã̤ڣȴԡøͷܲһˣû˵ģæģÿ춼дѴ񵥣ֱ¼ΪԱȥģ
Щ򲹾ǣҲǽծˡ
һͰڰ֣ȢϱֲȢϱôϾʲôԺһŸϻȥ
嵭Ӧֱת˳ȥ˶°ͿıӰ˺һݲŵĵˣ¹ܺܲ򵥡
һЦЦãס
Ա߳ȴһ֣һǱбۿȥЦλ׼̫̫ǣý¶һԺӾͶˣ͸ܷȫ̫̫һ͵ãϲˡС֮ϲٲһϲ֪ĸźáȴֲ֪С᲻
һϵʱҲסʱס¹ǸС¥棬Լǵܣȫ֪ˣҪһЦ
ģصģһЩص˾Բ˴˴ϲʱֻ¾氵ноĸԴʾʱ˸ôţôӦԣڴһһע⣬һСģܾͻᱻΪδڣƴʱ𲽽׶ΣķǣƸųȴƹҪúõϸϸ˼һ£
һ仰˵һסյ˶ͷʦˮʵ̫ˣǱ߲˵ﲻãǵ۵ҲûʱԷ̸浽˼ţã
ôȢϱڸеĴӣҪЩ飿

ʮ¶ʮգ˼Ȣ˶Ǩڶϲϡ
žı춯ھͷӿӿҶڴſڳϲĳżϱȢϱǳ͢ղүﶼǱƶ۾ӵĵطʲôʱܿĳ棿
СڱȥЦ֡ѵʦүǶСӣȫ˴µ·ͬҲϲά
ȻһСеִ٣ⳡ˿ҲСˡʻڻ䳡Ŀյ棬ıȫǰǹ滨𣬵Ҳ˴µĺձ̺ӡĴţٶ룬ҲùĹҵġЩﱾܴŻźٹ˵ģⱲҲûϰŻȴһޱȡ
Ϸ̨ҲѧϷͬЩС泪ˣǳĴϰ廹ų̴̂ϻڹءˣѾһȺ̫̫Ǽ̨¿Ŵ͡
Щ̫̫ǣڻھģҪĸȫŮȫȫȫ̫̫ܵһ˵ףǻѰˡ
žʩصչزһ棬ýĳ꣬˽˵ʱӵͷˮӾͰ̧ߣʱƻСѾͷ˵˷ܵһͷС¹ײҲơϲòͷˡ
»վſڣźӧñӣһոµ·ЦǺǵĲסҾͷµȴҪ׵ġžû׾ĳɳ¼Ұˡ
һжǱĺʽֻһɫͷŮӣһװȹһѷɫеŮȱȻڼһǼӵľͷӡһŵĶһðһɰ̶мʶ˶֪ڶҲˣ˵ӡӰӵĻǸ޵ŮȻ诣ŵ˱ôֵĳ棬ĸ
ӵָָ㣬һǳġ·ɫͷлѪòھЩ֪ϸŮ󻧵ŮһһٶӣǼóġθһпҪ̫̫ġ¶ǲƽ˵ѾͷѵҪǻѳȥĶѾʩͷˣ
һʱȴԼԺ棬檲ȢޣúŮƽȻүֻҪžͳˣС檽үнԺҲԵĲʻһ£Ҳ˺졣Ŷš˽ȥ£ò죬ôһ˻Цô
ⲻ֪һʱֻһź3P3P
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洵һһȴûеȵе㲻ͷʱͿһ̵ܽˣ˵ֱݺأ
һ壬е㲻ͷڻſӡԢھУżСǡ֪֪꣬ҰңԴʱԵ˱󳼹ڱˣԻرСС£л֮ݣ󳼾ذݣ֪ңȫڴ˷֮䡣
һȻӪ˾Ϳʼˡʱôݣ壬ôô£Ȼͨ
۾һɣûü˵Ѿֲһ䣺ǹﵱĹ
һһһ´־ʹнӹ죬ֻ֣Ӣ
æӾͳȥӢˣûôӰɣ̫ģԱȢϱôȤ´飿
ȳԺӣ˲ʻӣͿҲͣˣȺÿһȦӡηηĶһԣĸŻӵӵһƷɫ̫࣬òӢȴҲҵӢӵˣӢ˵ѾǸˣ
ǰʺ򣺡λôƺͶݣʵڲҵ֪ܹʲôԸ
̫һЦ˹Ѽɤţδ˵ȹ֣۽пܵ»ŷġܹܵ˺ϲܹܻ񵥷ϣһҪաܹ̫æ׵ҪתһǸ
ҿΧΧŵĶһЩգҪǷžԱߣõһʲôʱӢôˣ
һæĳлֽӹ񵥡ܵģд˺Щ档ֻǸĿһСֶ۲裨۾ƣٶӣӣʱԵԷʷȥ֧ȡġӢ񵥣Ҳ¡Ӣ˵Ѿʮֵ۽½ˡ
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ſڵĳ»үӣ͸Щͷŵﵽǽȥˡ
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ЦſĿ⽻棬ͨȴһһ۵󵳣λس׵ĸͶءеΪ£еүΪԼӵɽУһһҲ飬Լӵıλáһſڵİոϵøɸɾ·˳ӽӣۻԱȺ򡣻Ժ棬ᶥԻͣڴ롣üһã·͢㵽ڳУٲ˺ֵĳ棬һ檵ĵطƺ͸ĳ˳ᣡ
ҲסӦţȴֻֻ̾Ȣϱ
ǾԼҲףѲǲŵ־Ǹصļһˡڵǣ⳱ı仯ڡ
˵ӹʮĩ𣬳ֶ仯ȫһҲţ
ŵʱͨݣ
۵Ƕʱһ°ĿⶼȥʹǶҼ˵ˣүһһ꣬ڵʱǴصүڻӶϣҪ֪ʵۣҲϴĶӣ
ھȻһݣ
һȻҲ֪ͷһæӭſڣͿһСС̴ƥ׵ĶǣţһϲͷԦ£ƮƮ·Ŀ쳵ūӵ󣬶һʱȥˡ
ſڣǰһƣͿһСŮһģһ촽˳ߵŴһǰСŮһЦ¶˼ձ߾ѶȻĺŮɬһԺӶ
СŮӶһۣһӯӯ£ū澷ӵʾΪͶС֮䡣ףǰƽһ˳
һȴְ̾ƯһԴޣ
ԴһڹֹǳЦ֮˭֪˫̥׼ͷӹͷˡһǳЦֵòԩ˭Ҵǵ⣿ǵҵһŮϴĵճŮӡ谮С˹үүֲøղܴ͹ݡ
ֻһֱ͵ڵ۵ͺ֮䣬ݣִʲô⣿
һֻǴ˫̥Снӹ˰תͷк诣áӣкһǡȥԺɣв㡣说Ӧһ˸߲ҵܹһǣһƵȥԺˡ뿴һİһͷ¶ĽͣһҲһڴԺĿ۽£򿪰оļֶݡ棬мСֶ
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ţһͷ죬תۼͿһȺʿŭĸϵЩʿϸ⺷ҲǺĽ졣Ϸ糾֮ɫҲδһֱֵЩūĸʡ͵ĵƣ¾ͺ־ǽһ
һ͵ĿǰһУе3P֮ҹôӲɸ檶ѣ
ͿʿһˣŴ⡣еģ΢룬ʮֹ͡ȣȴ൱ֻЦӣŵ˵ϲ¶ģ
ʿǷ׷ϸһ϶гڸԭɹźΡǴģ
ͷѵ⣬󲽵ĳһԶԶľ͹֣ϲϲ
һҲʶĹ֣ǡ
Ϻ΢Ц»ǹ϶ϡǰЩӻǽܰ󳼣ˣǿӵۣͬ


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һʷҪصȨİ
һ֮䣬»ʢδʱ͸ڴնĽܰ󳼣һĶͷ˾һǰǳת̫һΪˣͲԵ޹ʵľٶ
檵񣬾ЩлһţǲݲݶաһڽԼ绨檾ʱĲɡͷֻͷ˾ǴԼҺõˣױʲôһĿģԼӦ׮׮һֻü˼
ĿѾȥںգһݵλ˸ǽһΣ棬һַţһֻʶӡ
»ˣ֮ǰֻ˵˵УһӪеرĺݾʷϼأ֮һӪģȴһЩɫϵλһԼ룬ΪҵУ֪ʵûС統꺣ţүȨǸµ˽ҲûǸ˼ûǸͺȥæű󣬹ɢľʦšң˵˸ܵ͵塣
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ȷʷϣ»ڵʱֵԬ򶼲ըһ¶»ȫ£˵ʲôԬӦ̷ͬıƻٸܱѡʵЩ߿Ԭĵӡ
Լ׸ôӦأԭĴ㣬׼Ӧ׹үĶͷ˾ģ
һ̫ûעԼһʳ¯Сϲķ£Ѿװͷߴĸ˹
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һ¿ȥС֪ΪŻΪӣȫһỨɵĿԼŮӽ춼ױˣҪ֪ǻױϲҲרм֡
绨ҼԼԺҪŮӣǵҲԼˣ
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秵ģֶ֪ʶĸñ˶೤ʱ䡣һͷһӦԴ󷢵ĵڶȴһ
ٵľǴүǵԱľ檣ɫЦл˾˵ʲôǾ͵øʲô˾ЦҲЦ˾ޣǶҹСǿҲÿޡ
ǲĩıʼС˵˵ĵҪˣһʱ󻵡ھͶôһͷ˾ѵҲҪ檣
һɰȴʱȻ𣬾ƾ»ԼסԼҲ̫СԼ˰ɣԽԼ׼սģĹϵ
ΪУ壬ԼҲ۶ˣ
վʩžһһϲкλ̫̫ȥ˯Ъ壬أ
Ȼ䣬Ѿ֪˳ˣ£
鷿

﹧һ鷿֮ſڶ洫һҪˣûҵĴκ˲ÿ壬ҶһЩ
Ӧһ˳ȥ¿Ժ·Ǻգ֪Ůӱʲô˼ء»һҹҪؿմٿ鷿Ҳǵƻ֪ͨһںͳЩʲô׿檶©ҹ̸۵飬Сˡ
Ǹֳһ˿Ц˳ǽǰӰĵԺʼյ¾š·ƣźʼţѾȭĹҪʱͻȻðкһӣ˵ľʦһ
תۼ˵ǽ΢΢һӾǽȺһͻȻһ΢죬ɳǽͷ΢΢Ҳûôڲš־ѾǽܣһþûϢĹӰһ㷭˳ȥ
ӰһߵӰ̽ͷ̽Ե˳ʱ򣬲ܿı³ƽʱȫߵҹܣ˻ڼҹƳġʦǰȻܲסԼΣ
ɾôһ˫޵ĴʱźҲǲɫ䣿Ȼ̶ܰȣ
幦˴־أҲûܸŷǽȥ֣
嵽ʼһܽԼôһ񣬶סһһǽʵûӸȥˡ
յҡҡͷСֹһ䣺ֵôˣôϲӣҲͶѾͬͶžСѾͷҲðٵ˼͸

ҹ˼˶ȥˡ
»̫ʦ棬ѥӰˣĴëȸľ档һʲ浹ˮ̵»һˬ־ͽгڡʲЦѾӡЩĺӣϻЩ绢ľӣһʽҫ˸˽£ȴǵʱ˵ıɫϣڣ⡣
һʲЦ˿ǸһһѿСӻȥʲô˫ղǴǰһ̲ˣ
»۾ˬһ໰ӾûƤйСӣ۾ǵƦϰһ¾յøɸɾ֣صĵǻ˾ǣЩӣǷּġʱǿҪǸаԵľʰɾûУ
ʲһִӦ»Լüģʵ൱㣬еˡһǸζǿóġҲǴĦ˺þõ⡣ǴϷүйһĳۡ͢ٴ̽̽ǵϢʱѵѾסʵһٵһ·߹Ǳ
Ҫµȡƽ⡣ڰһΪҪȥףֵĽ飬Ҳжĥɱ¿˼һӣƽµˡΪ˲۵òȥ
ڼֻƽƽٻ󡣵ʱ۾һգˮ졣һ֮٣ʵѾӰҡҡڰڴõڲƽ⡣ƫƫڼߣû
֪Сôôٳģ
Ϊѹһʵģһ첻飡ʲôصأʲô£ûƴˮҪ
һ³ӵĴһϲĳϣúöЦŭһ
ǹԸһһǧ࣬ؾȫĿô
ŵʱԴһʹͷˡȴԼǸʲϻͣŤŤһͷЦүаͷˡ
»ЦСӣӰͷҲкһϽź򣡡
¼ʲЦ˭֪һ๫»߶óģ»ױӹͷ֪ĸ鳦˵ˡ
ӾǱһȥʮ갡׳ҲͷˡмʮꣿӢǸ޵׶صǣѹһһ棬ֿӣҲٲҪˣһҪպᣬ취ȥ
óʵĲʹҲ͹ˣڳʣǻһԬôǣƣǼԦµ߷ֵľҪھʦó̫֮ϷүĻģںǣѽͨõˣһǮӳɣ
һȥͷ¶ӲŲǸɵġ

ǲǣڳֻ̬ƽһıʣΣ
һڳ˳ʵͼһҲûеɹٵԾĿ⾼һڵͼ档
Ƿ죬ǱӱѶͳġŬ۾һͼʵЩɽҪ־ЩѧľĿУͱùˡ
һڱʣǼȶսԡû˵ںǵľӪϾ籱͹ݵ;פõҲǾӪǣҲͱˮʦˮ½Ϸһȹ̲Ż
һ㣬ȴ뽫ǶϸݵԬʳ¯Ķͷ˾»ˣ
Խʱɿĸһ˼·תһĿ⾼ղؿƺоѾ¾ɸ֮䣬ȻǸУǳɱˡ
һƬָֻʶôӵ
أҪô
һܸ±Ȼ˳Ȩ
أ˵ʵǮǲȱںǿǸõõһҲ¡Сˣװʳ򣬰չҪ͢ǮڱɹȻٴ˵ʡ˽õóǾԼǮȥɹЩʣ˻ǽһֱܵĲԴôռ룬ֻ±ɵø
ﻺ˵ĵģֻǿһǵ˯⣬粻֪ܵȥˡ
һһЦ漷ĻƺʹŽʯ󣬼ʮ˾͸ҿڴǧ۱ʣΪΪǵģǵģǵģˣľ͵ؽñʣǵΧ»Ԭںһ˿ļʮȥɡҪǣûӣûиƸ۵ľģ
ӹɱĲ»֮ҹɹٶ˵Ļ
ȴǻȡ
ðһ²ףµӺԼĻ
Ϊ˱ʾԷ㣬Ȼڳפһ˿һ߹Ӧȡ֮ڹڡһȴҪ׿ʣĹӦأ
ʱ򣬳ֻĬĬͷ˵ģȴ˵ĻԸΪЧ
һһͷΪĶ棬Ҫ㡣ֻʶľӣĽӡѾ˵һΣڳʣд̵ٺúøϰЩɡ
صͷ棬ԲΪ˵棡
һĿֻǼǸʵͼ溺Ƿóõʾ»ļƻһ㣬ǳûзֵģʱҲ˵
θǳʵĶ룬֮䣬ƽϢġԼߣôһͳ׿ˡ
һЦɫдһ˿ƣ롣»ԬڴˣֻһձʵʱǾӦںǣõ»ƵСúõ»ܸʱǵƽˮ׼ڱӦñϺһͬʹ࡭Ը»Ԭôһѡ񡣵»Ԭƺõһ꼸ʮ棬˳Цһ̨Ļô
Ȼ黹ûһѾжۡΪʱ̫˽ˡ
Ԭ»Բǲ֪ǿвĲֻ˽ĻôҲںԲԲһΣ
ȥɣȥɡıǣȻֻǶ̶̼죬ˮףˮʵաֻ޷
ǺΪС
ӳʿʼ

ȶĴ涼õģ涼ϲֶ
żһһյͷ˫۾ֻڴ棬ճյĳ鷿ĵƻ
֨ѽһһȴ͵͵ƿˡ̽˶žԴ߲춯ǱߴͬʱƿˣʩҲ̽ͷ
˶һۣźߡ˵ȵ˯žһεĻЦЦСѾͷͬʱڣү
ʩĵ̾һ߸ӵƯŮӣҲԽԽŮζˡ
үҲǣŮһҲֻôһΣƫƫҪȥ鷿̸ʲôʲô飬ܵȵæ
ž°ͣȿʼάһĵλͬԾֲͬ
үæµءûʱװ԰ԵӣүǸ˧ȥʣҪ˵Ĵö鰡㲻£ŷү
ʩûһͬʹԶʹžһ;ŰͷƵġžһԵļˣһԸǧе㲻ֵһˡҲ󣺡ôҲҪүȥʣһиţޣ
СѾͷƵĻţֶɰǶžйʲôöʮҲʮҶһǸӻĶӣ֪Ҫôͷأ
ʩҲ󶷰˵ļ°Ͳ˵
ž۾תתδ졣
ι
ô
ϲ˵檵Ҫֶι̳裬֪ʲôֶΣ
Һһ˶ǵһΣô֪
ޣżأϲ˵˵ʲôϡ
ϣ
˺Ů˵
㲻֪ߣ
ǰ˵ðˣȥ͵͵ƹҤӡ㣬Ų֪ߣ
СѾͷһһģֿʼΪ鿪ʼ졣»һҹǹмįҲǵǲķӰɡ
һ磬ǲСŮӵСС磬Ҳʱһܷ˼ȥ˽ġ
ʱȴڽྻĿͷԣһ̤ϵѾ߾һ¾ѣæ𣬿СǲҹˣҪҪˮġȴֻűӣں˭һ
ҲҪһģһСѾߡ

ʮ¶ʮˣͣ͢»óղܰ󳼡һͬʱݴǳȥ


 ǧɽ
򣬱̴ͨš
ܶǣſųкӣţܶ󳼵Ľ졣ʿǹྲվһСڶǰȥ
ſڵţ׻ȫ󳨿ͷӿӿĵȺšֻ»Լڡ̴ͨͷҪӭղҲƽټسĵλղͷ˭ˣ
ųӭӼλүŰڹ֮⡣λղ󳼳ȻҲô֣£ġȴ֪°ʲô⡣
ڵȺУԬҲС֪ͬĲȺһҲۡ˵ʵڵģЩϵϳ½ԶһЩԬ̫죬ԬǻϵԪ֮һˣǻܲ˴ΰͳ˻ֻء
ԬҪղ֮һٶȣС׼š
ԬǴӺǴģʱޱ飬΢΢ȺΧ͵͵СۣȻûһ
һ𸴻޽ڸʮܰղ󳼡ڵʹ۾̵ģСطҪεߣ
ʲôЦ˵ҪͿӪܳ£ǧ࣬ά½ʦһ󼸰ȥ¾ָ˽򺣹ضʮٲʮһʮãλղүװԼɰءҿģ͢ǰ˷ǱȨģΡ
ʲôҲǰæˣܴùɣƴǾɡ
һԬοͤһ޽һ塭Цඡ
㵹˵˵Ԭοͤǿıߣҹǻ壬ӽòǳ
⣬Ԭˡȴûһ
ߣưɡ⳯ʵʱ򻹲֪˭˵ء

ڱӿӿĵȺʱղ󳼵ĳӣҲƽ
εĶ飬쳣ӴһĻ鵹Ǻ٣ļҾûкͬ;нĻߵˮ·ξѾɢȥˡղطģѾԾɵؿʼбϺͷܣﱸʺͰղһĵӣ𡣻ٲ˺ϵ飬ҪҳղӴݺͲѧд꣬Ѿͬղطģֱƽȥ
һͬʱҲƹȥţղݻ꣬ƽﱸӪأѡַ̽·ȵȹҪ֧ԮйļСͣ½·ģɴʢڶĻջ̺ţѼ̽ԴԴϵ֧ӦҪʢѼ̽ͬת˵ĻջΪˮ·ͣҲҪСȻжַתˡʢֳ˲ž˲ţΪʲôãҪǮúƹʹܼǽȥ
۰˿ĻѾϣȻмʮ˳ų棬ھǣ½ͶЧģй»ѵ˵ѡġ˻ѧշתġ˽ˣҲ弾ûʲôмɻ䡣
ᳵӵĺᣬĶͷ˾»˲áݴǰܰԱ²һˣӵѡνӵܣҲ߰ʮˡΪʲôݵˮ·ҲЩԱֵġˮ·Ƿ⴬ãСһϣཱུľ͵ˡʲôģ
һ·طҪӦҪӣҪҪ򣬾һػӦŰⷢƵĻᣬɵӲŷŹأ˵Ա飬Ҫ˿٣ԽԽ飬һ߲ʮ·ϣЩԱ̫үǣŷӣϷҤӣȾƶǮֵһ
һգÿСС鶼ǾĬϹŸ¼ЩԱϿΣʱ´£ʱʷЩͳһӢ¼Ҳýζ
ɣЩǣ˭˰ˣƤжһ¶ǺͿǵϹ»ûȣһºҾա
»ûע⵽ÿϣ˯֮һĵһפԯĵȥһĲ׼ǻʱѾʵʵչˡ
·ôŵ飬Ҳеһ졣ղͻͣһӭšһӦƣУӹֱͣһ·Ϸһÿ»Ҫ󳼵磬ͬ͵ֵĸͷϣĸʲʿĴӵ£һľڴһ··˷׷߱ܡºЩŵĻƴӺأ֮أ˭֪ЩȻȳ滹Ҫǿ
Щӵܣеǿеֻ⡣ΧǺüźţеıӥеͲרŰӴű̺ˮ̴ġ»ǰߵÿ죬ںϡϡп졣ֻһŵԱи飬ĸں档һҲûԼٳ¶棬ֻǴӴЩӵܡϵ䳰΢ЦҲڲס
ˣˡٶ˼Ҳǰ׷Ѱˡ
תۼ֧ŹֵĶ͵˱󳼸ָͨӶӵپʹڣƺţ
ͷʱĴţһǹƽоֻһ̧ԺӵȺĶǻĴӣȹʥμղ󳼣
»£̲ȵÿ֨֨죬ڸʲĴӵ´󲽹и羢Ҳͬղһһ¡һʱҲͣסЦ»ɣ֮һЦ»ס˼ӣϧԱûһ죬̧һţеȻˣžľµЩүǻƿĶ໰
»װûߵͥεĹٶǰش𣺡ʥ
ʱҲڼĸĴӵ£ڣźղƽ񡣿ǰ־磬ʿһۣ˶΢΢ҡͷ
ٶ֮󣬻һ˿վࡣһҲ»벽վš΢΢һͣ٣ͳȥĿײϣ˶˼Ҳ֪˶١ȴ΢΢һЦƽҾա
վ»һ΢΢епϴ£Ҫһ˿ͥΡȻԶǲʹҶղ󳼣ƽҾ´ټµʱֽˣ
ֻ΢ЦλղݴǳȥʷֻҪʲôҪĳԵȫȥ졣
»ǺǴЦƵǰסµ֣ãǰǻǺǵط¶Ҫ֧ţβ˵ءٽʲôղģҶҪ굽طˡ
ЦЦ˲˵һһֵۣ룬𻰰ɡϤԱͣѾˣ֪λղˣҪĸ
»ĿһڴվĹٶ鵱ɨһۣ֪ڳʵȫȨίԱԬοͤԬڲڣ
пһͿԬֵȵĴվ鵱˳ڳλһͥ񣺡ְԬμλˣ

ͬѾһƬ̣ˮﵱУŰɫͳװĳũˣǵ㡣һһ߷Ÿ衣Ƴһ˷Ÿ裬Ӧ͡
⵱һķﻭ
ƬأڶǴ½ĸ֮⣬ȥɽضƽԭ١ʷڣһֱǴ½ǿȨĸӹƬȥһﵮƬ壬ѾһۣѪʷЩΰ島ϰϵǡ
ʱߵڣƬȻڴ½ǿȨͺͺǿȨ֮䡣СĵҷԴСĵΪ巪꣬ĩҲδûаԴ˼Ͼǵ۹ҲѾϴ󣬶ҡҡ׹ˡҪȣҲҪһȽǰ;ǲǣ
ϧͼ±䣬ʵĿӵӡĿҲ˵Ҷˡ䣬ڳ洦פԼ
ڳʣȨȻǴĴԺ°ӿȴȻһϢ
ղӺݣʮȫװѧվһɽͷ֮ϡɽͷңǳӵйڲ߲ΡִϺʽģǡҲżʮ꣬ǶûзװҲûӣеĸղӣеĸһѣΧİľɫָָ㡣
ɫľװ׳ʵϱýģǹƤ棬ͷšΧѧǣҲ޲ȫ䱸ӡЩʽװĽ׳١ӶңúŹӣⳤìĳƽǣηηĶҿƽƽĸʹȫ׹ٷüĸߡ
ǰЩӣ֧飬мٸµ꣬һ쳯Ϲ֪ίԱղӣλ٣ݣ£ͻƽϹղĹطһҪȦӪأƣһѻŪҰŪġͬһƶ񤣬ɽݺᣬֿҪں峯ĵطӪһȽصĵشԭ׸һƽںǵȨЩ߻ʵԶ峯ձӵԶԶδ쵽ںһϳʵļۿᡣʲôʱֳ棿
λŵĶǹڳģƽĹ۲ʹ˾һ㿹᲻Ǽ߰ĵ˼ءοԼڣ˾һ򶥸ӦЩ֮ͣһ߷򺺳ǻ㱨Ҫڸó⼸ȴӸʹˡڴͬܣرλղ֪ԽǻƧ֮أܵԽ
ӸʹЩСĵĹ۲췢֣ղ֪СֱѾһλλȦҪפӪĵҲԽԽˡЩ峯Ϲˣ״ʲô⣿
Щ¶ҲһССĸʹģҲֻϹŪԸ˾˵ڸó취գ
ղ¿ֻĬĬͷǵλúܺáʮ֮⣬һ¶ú󣬼ûпɣƷҲˮ˹Ҳͦ㣬Ȼ󣬵Ƕǰ裬㹻㹻ˡ
ղӲ֪ôǣϸģһ֯ﶼְֵڽȷе˵Щܹ꣬õĽҪ˴ͳĳԿ¡ʹԭϵͳЩССͷείԱ˾ǿ̫ˡ
ǴӦһּղ˼죬Ҳ˲ٶղȦ˲ٵط׼񹤳ǼģԪ֣Сҩǹе֮֡󣬱һ棡
ϧǻЩСС㣬Ǻǹʵģ磿һȥǹ˲Ų۸ǻˣ
¼ʱȲ˹ղʩһ񣺡ղˣ¹һ²⡭
ղӴһװŴӣ˼ĳĹ滮С˷ʣͷҲص˵ʲô飿
üëţ͵͵һһߵǸʹٶ泯ʿӰô˵ģɾ
ղӺһתͷͷĿݡʵڲУҲǸһĵϵھͺܲЩ㲻ͲҪװûҩӦȥƴóʵԴѵԼĹˣõĶٱ˲ˡӻôɣʱǵģǹֻܱǾˣģָֻš
ǸӣҲƽϣΨΨ·λղ˵治źʲôʱŵǸ˰¶ʹ찡
ֹʱղѾվڸߴһֲһĻһȦʼƴ˸ļĹСһʼӪأ賧ú󣡰˵ģҪôͬȫǵΧ
ӵҵѧǣһ۾ġǰǧ续ɽӣҪгһ㡣
ֻжλӸʹ۾һ


 Ҹǻ
µı󳼶֮ڣյ裬Ʈɢȱõ»һװҲûдñӣԵõҲһĴߴ»һ˿ڡүһӣ˭ˡλղҲװֻǶº̸ЦʿԬҶ־Ȳγ±ԱȴֻᶥԻ͵Σ˫ַϥר־š
Щٶ޹һūڣһҡӡλղ̸̸Ƿ£»̸̸ڱǵľ£Ҳڡ
һһǸһߴΣЩʿǾʶĿһͷ΢ЦҶ־ǻ޽±ʱҲб֡һݣѾȻû佫ĳĿ⣬Ԭϴת
Ԭʵ̫ˡ˵˭ĴɹôʵʷϲһλԬοͤüüöʿλСӺݣĿбӡľȻҲ൱۵ȳ
ϧϧҲһֻۣûλĻ
»Ǻѵĳ滰˵꣬ڿʼ˵¶Ϳ»һࣺãֵܱĲʹҪҶסһҪⶼģҪɼ˲šõôȷˡǶָűΪ̩ɽ֮
һЦνһ֣ĸˣٴ߾ǡͷӣҲ
Цһڣ˶ӦЦһźУź΢Цõһָ򺣹ضʮ򣬻лʮȻҪȷģ͢ڣ
һվڣ
΢Ц鰴ʾ£⻤װ¶βȷʹɣ
һȭãԸ״
һ֣Ǿͺãٴˣˣ͢ĻˣҪǳ˲ӣͷӵ鷳
»һЦŵͷתӣˣֱ㶵ĵٴˣˣõڱ⣬ȻΩʡȨһһãǽλϣжΣ¹ؾ״²òʡ
ڶʱµĺǳ³ô˵ôһĿ»Ŀһת˼ͬһʱ˵
»ǲ̫ѿһȴǱл
˺ðΣµĿֻǺЦ»һϴڰѼ󣬲»һһͷЦҺˣղ˵Ӧǲֱ˴˵ġڸ͢˵ˣڳʱȲ̫ǶӺڳϲ棬ҲҴ֮ءϷү̫أе
ţżʮ͸УȻΪֵܲʰŲȱȻܰͷҪ档˵ֵܾ͵򺺳ǣΪ˺ܡõأֵܾ˷ͣտһˡֻרǡ
Ϊ⻰˵û壬ûн¶̫ѿ˵Ҳֵ˺ӡһȴֻЦЦٴˣɢǴҶסٴ򺺳ǣȻǼĲǴӺת˵ʣҲܼѡҲںһתţǶһ߸໤һЭתˡٴ˿ɺã
Ҹǵĵһλᣡ
һɫ΢΢е䣬ֻҧ΢Ц»»סþõԼһİ취»ǲԸõĿȨ֪»ǰ˼ϣǷڶԸһˣ
»һ˿࣬תƽ糣յһڣ˳˵ĩ
ŲղˣǧĹӦת˵¶зӾͳɡ˵еȨһҶãⲻˣܰ죬Ҫıȱ˹ӦҵĲǣɺã
һһЦ񣺡˼Ȼ˷Ը»ʲô˵
»һĴȣͶֻҪǸԹãʲôʹ첻ã
һֻǵͷŶõƿص飬Ƕ
Ϊһź˵˵ЦЦȻӷоһڡȻ·ʱһֱԬοͤԬˣ
һԬӣһͥ񣺡ְԬ˷Ը
һǺǻЦʲôԸԸģǲ𻰶ӪڳʣǴĶ˰ɣ
ԬɫĻش𣺡ˣΪηΪձʹɣȴҲʵ
»㶵ĿһԬԻתڲ²һ˼
һЦЦԬͳзνôһ֧ýֵܣǳ鲻ֵֻһʣǽֵģǱȻҪ뺺ǡ֮⳯أͿôһ£Ӧԣ
䣬Ԭ»Ѿɫ
һȴ˵ĻᣬЦеĵٴˣԬˡֵиһ֮ޣһļĲֹٱ򺺳ǣֵίԱͳѵֵڱʺͺͷţʱѲӦⲿںѵľӣҲԾͽٴ˺ԬΪΣ
Ҹǵĵڶλᣡ
һʾƣæԼңҵ˼һںǣմѣҪںҲܲһ㣡
Ԭ»ɫڼ仯º򲻷һԣЦеĿųм˵İ
»ȿڣˣ˵ͳͳôںʲôֵҲļʮӵܣҲںһ˵ˣ뺺֮һ£ˮ·ͨʲôղ󳼶ںǣ²ǳ͢ı⣬ҪһһӦô
һЦЦͷԬ»˵Գʵӿûи˵ĻԬӦںǲ±Ҫ԰ɣ
Ԭҧҧݣ»һۣܿһĿ⣺ٴ˵ǣб֧ţȷ̩ɽ֮ʣҲӦղ򺺳ǣδЩСΪҴˣһССҪҴôͽ򡭡ְһںǣĸٴˣ˷ġ
»һĴȣղǻؾһĻҲ˵еһ˵ĺҪ壬ҲȻܾˣһҲܵࡣʱںǲһţõҪһ룿òסõƾʲôһ˵ˣڻҿտգ˶ؾ档εʹһʣ˶һڣ˷ָ˽飬뽫һڱʣɵСӣ
ڳʮ֪꣬ԬĻһȥҲ̨ܴˡվס˵治֧ȥ֧һˣ
Ԭ£
¾ͳµãֵڳʵӺءԬϤ飬ɸֵʹðɣԬ˴ţֵһû
°ֺǺǴЦٴ˾ãοͤллٴʶΣ
Ԭʱǰ»ͥ񣬶»Ҳӱ
һĿΣֻǲסЦ
廹Ǹ壬ԬǸԬȨλκι嶼ҪҪһЩ
ԼѾˣΪסõڱ
ȴǵģֻմѡһһɳ죡
֪ΪʲôʱеȴֻǱ

»ԬãһҲ۾ϲٴ˵һ۰ãֵҲи֮룬һˡ
¿鼫ãЦҾ͵ɢͯӣҪ˭ʹʹľ˵ɣͷӻҪ˵Ǯɣ
ҵĿⶼһϣ΢΢Щ棬ĸһҪȥùˣ
һӭ˵Ŀ⣬΢΢һЦһһֵĵֵҪģǵ˴ˡ
һȴǶվ۵һ£ԼӶˡ
һ̫ʹǱˮʦĴҲͰˣڻĿŵڻǽǡһ˵ã
Դӹ֮󣬶ʱͱ˲ʹȻҽְΣΪ͢ûнԶٴˡˮʦļһԺ׼ץһʲôúõʰһ¡䡣
ζԸʰǻϵڲ顣һȴҪúõıȥӿˣǲκϵˡ㲻ҲеطͶ
ҵıвɫԶɫࡣ
²ɫĶյһڡĿڣ㡣
ã
ʱּͬ𣬶һߵɫ
Ȼݾ޲ظһ飺㡣
һһЦùȻˬ죡ȥʣɽˮǰ;Ī⡣ãٻˣ
˵һȦ֣Ҳ˹ٳơıٶȷȻԼһҡҡڰڵȥˡ
»ɫ࣬ӡһôľٶֻǷݣҲòȲ񡣷ڱʣ˵ˣǰһУɢ

ղ˺ЩӡִﳯʣҪõ׼ʡԱ˲šҪм쵢顣
»⼸컹ǽعҲûгȥεֻǺԬռ۵鳯ʾƣôԸһĲ취˴ԱǣҤһڵأŹͲٴԶߡ
һ⼸棬ȴšϤٳ￴һҲѾ군ˡԦ䣬˴СƣǲơöԼƨһҲ˵Ŀ⣬ЩΨһĴҿü飬Ǿȥ䱸ѧһ£ȥջЩҪɵľܹѵѧ
ٳˣԶֻ̳ǵĩĹٳǾһֻֻֻע⵽ⷶΧ֮ڵ顣
»棬ڶһӶӵŴʢģصģѼ̽ϵ
һȺȺˣϺڹݣݣ۵ȵȿڰļļ˷źİҷãҵµĹǮװִصľʺ
֮أЩһĸأѾбĻɫġһȺȺʵ񣬵ȴ·ȥ׳գϸ֮󡣾Ͱմʢһ·ת·һ̵̳ıߣˮ·ߺ·ͬһطС
һݷݻ´ﵽĶͨó׹˾ⷢྫܸɵĹ£˱ִطʼ˲ɹɹ֧һͬһطӿ
ЩЩȨԼλĹǣעӲġ
ʮգŹ׼ղִ̾Ѿ׼ˣͷ֮ϣȻһעͣƺڣ㻨ƣȸǷղƣе顣
ͷ֮ϣ·ղĳڹУͷһ»ӶһЦ˫ж޹Ұһעʱǫã˲á
ʽִ꣬춯»һ֣ԬͶִһЩԱִȥˡ
һȴųﻹ֮غ򣬲ס׹ƺڵȺʲôˡ
Щ죬Ȼѷǵȴʼδ
еԽִӢ󸱶ߴһüˡһȴʼδˣϴɡ˴ǲˡ
һֻҡͷɫȻĲݣסͷͻȻ֮䣬ͿһҲƵĴͷͷ˹һһץסݣߺ֣
һǰͣסȫǴ󺹡ӳ׳ӡȵľǵĸܼݳ½ƽȴʼûеӰ
½ƽһƽһ񣬴ˣûҶ˴ˣЩ˴˵ĸˡֻµ˴˹һ˴Ͷ¼
һһĵҶգҶգأôû
½ƽͳһţݸһ˴ֻз´ˡ
ּ
֮壬ûڣްɻ֮֮Ĵ֪壬ӺǴ˵ζ
ȻǺˣꡣ֮ϣһĺֿɼǳ֮գ֮Ʒ⣿
ᣬй׳
»ᣬֻгһգô׳Һ
һһżҺʱԶȥתϴ˽ں棬ߵһ룬һͻȻͷųݺݵʷѾһˣЩ飬Ҳ


ڰ 
ʣǡʮʮա
õáźྲر𣬴Ϲղ󳼵ĳ飬ƺƵڳ׶ǶŶңŰµĳǵײײ»رܡܲľ͹·ߣͷҲ̧ĵȺǹȥ
һ»ڴȺĸʲӵ֮¡ݵļ׶ĿΪ׶ųԶʻеĳСǴéݡľС¥׺ڼ䡣ֵխͷӿӿԳһưܵľ󡣾Զ߿ɼ֮ڵ͸һС
Դһõ϶»ȫò֮»һ̬ȣǾֿϹղ뺺ǣһᳵӣͱȥġϹʹ磬»Ҫһ·ͬУҲֻúЦӦ
Щʲôüƽϵģ
ֱʷڵĵطȥһǳʷӴϹʹĵطʽίԱ𣬶ڷ֮ࡣԺȻҲ»ղܰ󳼵ԯӹԡ
Ӱڹ磬еЩӵܣڳһӢģҡСƺƵԣͿﶼһЩשľϣˢһµĽһʯֱͨſڣƷƷĸ֡ȡǿʱܴĵֱʡ
ż¹ڣֻɴխñ̵ĳʷвܣ޳ɡշӭϹʹע㰸رĵȺš
תϵУֶʱʼ򣬼ͬʱ졣֮ЩʴͬĺߺӭϹʹˣ
»һһۣЦͬʱ΢ǫһ¶İĳЩʹٶȥ
иилλţˡҪλ鷳ĵط٣ʱҪ񣡡
»洺磬ԹԵĴкһĳʴ󳼲һֻں治ɫĴЩʴ۹ⶼж峯һһʹΣֲòͽֺõЦݡҲǼзС˰ɡ
۴ĸǶ½Եĵ֮أӦûԴءӦñͬ½СʷǸʱôšԼǲҪ
һ°ֻǲ˵ƾ»Ľųʴǡ
ר˾ӴϹʹĳʷӾͬ»ֳԶԶվڶ鵱еԬͷһкЦλʹˣСѾڷ׼˽ӷľ磬Ϲʹ˴ֹ󳼴Ժλʹպݻᡭ
»ͷһЦˣ㿴ǲôһ٣
һ΢ЦȴתͷԬ֡Ԭһͷĸ˹ˣкηԸ
һ»֣ٴˣ˵סٴܰ죬ר˾ͳȫȨġֵֻ졣ľ磬²ҲաǺԬˣĽҴǾ챱Ϊˡ
˶һЩ䵽ϢӵҲͷ￴һǸϹʹһԼ׳ɵĹأȻϹղһҲҪӡû뵽һȴھܾ
ʹٶһǺҲפڳʵλղϢȻҲ˵һһȻ鴫
ԬվһĿתһɣʲô㣿ѵĴͳʷҲƲϵڳʱȥ˵£濴ƫƫһ˳˹µĶ»Ծڳʷľٶֵóȫ
Ȼ»һЦŸһԲ
Ƿּģ浣̫ء£ҲȻ˲ڣֵڰʣڷһ壬Ҫú룬ʷֵҲҪúüʶһ¶
תͷԬ˶
һ΢Ц޳»֣תкһߣ
ǼʮȻվѧǣʱĸϡԬҲڶ鵱СֵǾ̳ٲٶʲôġ
гʴ󳼣ɫࡣ
»뿪ķ򣬺һСܰãֱȡתͷͳųʴǵλλߣǸǵģ
һֱǽӪȥһ·˵һ仰֧ӣʿǸ룬ǹеǰͷһղ죬û˺»һǸҡϹղнȴԵ⺷裡
ӡ󣬽ӺڳĳʹգһֱĴȥɡ
ǰ;߱һգֻǸŷ濴ӡ
תۼĽѾӪ£Ҳͽӵ˴ղơ֪ղվҪﺺǣٲҪľ£׼롣Ӫſڲʻˣӭղ㰸ͣ˴µƹӡӪſӭղĶųȥ￪⡣еʿǹվñֱĵȺ
ղһһͨʹԶһֱ˴Ӫ
֮󣬾Ǵź춥ӣ˫ۻһɫʮʿĴӵ£ͣżеӭӵʿҲƵļӪнʿ粨һ㣬ԶĹӡӪڶӣǧϵ٣˻ߵĳźһ
һȴǲܲˣȻֱ롣µĸʲҲĿбӣȥ˵ǹڵµĶͷ˾ź
˵Ŀⶼע⵽ӵбһԬԬı飬úʲôҲûƵġ
Ӻ¡¡ֱӪӪӪȫӪ񴦹ſڵȺÿӪ󣬶ǵЩ޽ͣҲǻмӢһ£ڼʿӵ´Ӫžľһǧ¹ӭղˣ
һס˽ţǰתת۹һɨһ£ȴû˵
Ӫ΢΢̧ͷͿԬҲһԱ鵱վţޱ԰׳ŵӵ£ӭˡᲾװĿӪʣڹдм¼Ⱥ˽
һ֣˼۹棬Ǿѥȵ̿֨֨졣ӵ˳ʿʼûڹǸͿϲģһİɫ
Ͳˣеʱ佻ЩȻǶյͣҲ׼ˡʹӽ쿪ʼӪϣ
ӪӶһʿĭȥʱɽװ˳ôǶãƽִ󡣹ӦҲû»͵ˮʦ͸ִˣˣȥ˱棬Ҫǵˣ
ʹͷп죺ˣפվãӪ̾ҪЩӰ
һĿղǣ
ӭĿ⣬ǿһ£ȴŶղʵеƱˡʶĿ⣬ﻹھǿ⿪ҲҪпεĹءǰεҪˣʿҪεӣҪн֧ҵķáʳо·Ҫ׼
һһЦĳѾ߳ӼŵĻ棬ȡʽĹÿӪٷһݡ
·߱ղѾָʳ;ԤֻܴϾװӪΣʲôηã֧ӣһе˱˵ģΪղвþô
Ųһѵ½壿
ԬһĿһһ²ˣôǰɾͣҲöѣ
һҪһ˳סڣղǰôβݣ˷ԸˣȥǡеССǣҲԵݡ˵ʲôϻ
Ԭڣһ¾ͷԵģһһ񣺡˵ʾȥ졣֪˻ʲôԸûУ
һ˵ǰڰ֡ӪԹһ䣺лˣ͸к¿ʼӪ׼ˡ
һҲǣֻǳԬЦԬ磬û㣬ֵֻҪɱءвɱˣɱ֮
Ԭֻ΢ЦȴЦ
Ȼһ̸ֻֽĶ壡ȫֻһζƾǿӲֶȥϹ֡ڰʵͿԿԴѵģ˭ѡӲӲ⿿ɱˣھôЦ
ǶֶǿӲĸһ¡ټϿõһǲǿ̨ͻһЩ
Щ飬Ҫúõĺٴһء
ֻ΢Ц˹ˣ¹ٱϾڳӳһЩܰæȻ߾
һǺǴЦļԴԱһڣߣȥЪЪȡ·ϳţԬˣֵҲͲձٻɣ

ᱻ˿ȥľƶ죬ñĿͷɽ۾
ſվźͷӣϹǰŮûϢȥ
ӣͷɽ΢ЦӾɡҴλһ·˳
߽Ьӣ˶ĺͷɽԹλ΢ЦЩǳձдγʺİɱʿձѵı²ѵġһ·ͷɽŻͣô˵˳ء
ͷɽ΢Цճһ壬οҺͽӾôõѡǵ֧ǹоŻ˼֣˼񡣽Ӿһգ˳ĸ
ͷɽĿˣǵ곯ɱ𿪻̨ʱµĽǳ踮ɵӾТ
˵ձάһֱڳʷֲԪ1881꣬Ҳǹʱ򣬽˾ΪĹǸձձ֯˹ϵ
ʱʣʹԺȨҡһֱͼȡȨȻгڷϵ£ձڹʱ򣬴ԺóʾɾµĻᣬ֧£䣬ɱŴ󳼶ˡ˳Ȩ
ձǱ֧£֮󣬽˾һֲٳ˼±䡣һ뺺ǵձʹձһ߽گټԺŵس׼һǡ
˭֪Щһ䱾±ϾޣȻˣһֱӽԬľӪ棡
ȻɱһЩԺŵس仹ѹ֮ʧܡԺȨҲ˾Ļ󡣺ЩƲ˹ϵӾТǸɽҵѣձ˵İշת˹ȡΪӾТΪɽͳΪ˻ĵߡ
ڳʻǧ˿ƵĹϵҲڳȻδֻҪʣձǻԥĽ߷ųȥģ
ͷɽЦʻĸһոֻϣܺձЯ֣гһգܽ˸ϳǵĹȣӴ˹湲٣
ӾТҲڱϣסʹĵͷ
ͷɽ΢ЦǱ볯ʣһμ٣Ǹǲң
ģȴϯö˵
ӾТֻǿͷɽګګĵڡձѰǲηֻڻµǱձѽĵܵʧҲձѲ
ͷɽ΢ЦҪˡ
ʲôɴ۾ӾТȴһδӡ
ͷɽɫЩȻԵãԽԶôһûǰǻҪץסôձѽʮϵѵôװ˷Ѳɣ
ǵҪرˣūŵĻʲô˵
ȻӾТηηѾһĴӦֻҪձΪǣסԸطڣ
ͷɽǣһЦǣƣǻиľٶʮۣҲиˣ

ҹɫӪ⣬Ѹաӹٵֵװװ׼ٷӡһҵľ
ղһȻҪӪʲôҪԬѹţҾҪֳ
˵Ҳ֣Ԭ˲֧¶ôҪǸ˵ѹ
һӪ˳졣ղʮپۼһֺҪϹʸ»һλ󳼰衣һ۶ĥԬ̬ȡʱֳķ߷߲ƽѹ
һ̾Ĺ߿СıȥΣҪȥԬһڷ
ŵſڣһ͵͵
˭һѾͿӰһ˳ȴԬ
ЦŴкϵˣҾ֪ӪӪ٣㻹еӣָ⣡
ɢĶŮŵһ㣬ͨһ͹ˣԬˣ㶪Ǻÿడ˵˵Ǹô죿⵱ڣôֽ
ﶯ飬ȴֹڳôã֪ӺʱܿһǱӪôĸס˭ܷ٣֪ж˫۾עԼ򡣵ôϣ
ԬһЦһʱһʱˣ㻹ףٴѾ֪¶ˡһϾղר˾ٴҲò˵ҲԽ˳ǾҪϽȥڣ˱ô֣û˱һ̨ܲʱٴ˺ңᱣǣ˱Ϳʼ֣ôô
еɣԬѾĽһ齻ղ󳼹طĹģ˰ɣҪã쾭壡ʲôĵģٴ˵ˣһܱǰ̣
ԥһͷԭΪλЧ


ھ ƽ
̤Ϫˮһ￥Ѿ̤㱱ʮʿӿ˹춥װɭɭ˫ۿȸᡣ˾ҫۣһ
·ԣɽľɭȻһ֧飬ϡϡнڴӺͨƽĵ·档⼸оȻƽӪѾɳԴʢΪǰվһ·׼ʳղʳȽӦϵһǧ˻ߵýп졣ĺһÿһԡ
һÿһʰÿȵ˯֮һ֮⡣һֱĬĬĹ۲ǡ
ӪӦжǧİٲİڱʵϣֻһǧİˡһ·ʱŲӻǿյĶӣһǻĹأǲϹٵ˼Ԭ˽ӵʱôԬ˵ǵ鷳ˣ
ͽӵһĽһЦաЩӣҲһǰĹ۲죬ЩԱڶ鵱ܵżģЩԸЩ׼ȷһǵ˱ġĬĬļ
һԱϪߣҷ׷׵ӿ˹װеšǰϪˮ·һֵĿʼѿӡĴСȵĴӺλӪٴںǴӣĳϪˮеˣѾʮ·ˣЪЪɣֲǱҵʱûÿηһôЩͳˣأ
һЦӻȵǰȥˣЩϱƦһ·ѾùˡЦųеˣƽһվĵ·ƽгȵ͡չ⣬˵гʹأȷиë˼
ĵ٩һЦʱ٣ҪǲҪܷ¼ӡɣĲۣЩľôкøС
ЦЦȥָӶɺӣ˳źӪͷӪٽ룬ɫ
ʲôͣһ׼öˡǻëЩһﵽƽһʰǡ˵ˣԼˣƽһãѣٵĽ֧ӣææµǮоӦβӣǵȥĹѣһҪҪóԺҲûӴЩˣ£˵
һӪٵСʣҪأ
ҧݣһǧˣŰٰѺԱӣǾôɢ׷ǲɣֻҪܰѶغǣٴ˺Ԭ˻ǳġҲҪξǱǻϵϱˮĻᣬܷŹɣǲǲϣֻðˣٴ˺Ԭ˲ź˵ǵ˼أ
Ӫٻ࿴ֿĸĿ˹Ӫæı̬Ǵ磬ǻΨհƽһǾֽ
Ǳ飬һȴʮӲϪߵɽȣǰѾǴͬƽԭˡһƬֱ̣쵽ɽžͷҰţĻʣҲǱֵ쾡¡ɽ˷Ǿһ
ԶԶʮ˹ʿһֽ졣ڴƮʿ˸ѥһ˽ʽװݻ˭
ݴѧϲɫҲƵĴһҲЦȺ򣬵ݼǰһѾֽȲڵϣ
ˣεˣǰӪǵ¼ңղֲֽҾ͸˼ʮӭӡƴҲˣ̷ʹ˵ļҾ졭ˣ˸õط﷽Բ۹ڣأ
ֿϺӣǹһûꡣεһϣϲ˷ܵҪ浹һ
һֺγˣ
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½ܵǿ԰ס˷ܡŴŶ䣬˻תȦһͷԸĳЦҲ뿴¼ˣںкЩ̫ү嵽ƽȵǰ濴
Ϲ֣Щ̫үǽˣͷİɣ
һһ־ֱȥ潡䷢ĸ򱱾
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˾סӪ̣Ѿƽ衣ӶļСǣ̻ʵĽŸţ⣬ӵһһŵġͷڵţȻˮݣˮĽǮٴӶչ˭
ӪطҲѾ˰ߣСǶƽػųӴ۾ϺļĹʦǣЩӣָ׵Ĳϣˮ·ԴԴ˹ѻڿտĵط
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һںľٶҲͨʵ·һг̻ȵĴݳʾ۲죬»ʹ¶Ŀڷ硣˾һ壬ӲֵãЬȳʺأֻ֣Ҫֵˣʺ»ͬʱӲһ¾ȥҪ£
һںǵɣӮһԿžʱ䡣˶ſ֮Ľ
ĻӦǣӱƽȻĽ裡
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ҳȥѪȥϵһϵеġܸʲô˼˱ߵĽһƬ
ʽ˲ţʢһ𡣶̶̲һµĹƽѾǻȻĽ辰
ղһǰȫӭӵȺرЩ׷꣬Դ뿪ֱûһˡһʽװװڲɹļǹ˸߲ҵ˲áһͻȻ٣Ȼ糾ͣӢһӿ˹סĻ
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ӴȺһƽĵػǰͿղűӣװѾúںݵģЦĿɫǶԼĽ
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ǰƽĲٳ̹ڲѧһ̹Ƿһѧǻ˾ŸӷжѸ֮Ѿе˵ģˡ
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Щ꣬ȷǵ¼ٵĺòϡÿ˶ܹһ̶ȵִ۽翪Ҷڹջֲ԰£ܹҵʱķֹŶӺľѬաѵõǲ˻Ǵͨģ̹ٹͨûϰѵ°빦
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ʩߴıҲ΢Ц󷽱㣬Ķá̵ЩѧһЩɾ͸УˣǴ﷢Щѧģ
һЦļ򣺡йأҵڽеʲôطˣѵʲôʱ̵ܽ¼ٵĿγ̣
ʩߴıЦúܲã˽̹ǣڻϵУǺܴ䱸ѧãе㱾µ˾ƸǺٽ̶УϵΡձ齨¾ʱ򣬼ǽӵľϵȫհ
һ˸Щ̹ٴǮ֮⣬ŵǣȫȨǷʩΪѵЩѧ
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һЦŹ֣һж̣ҪȺ͸½ЩѧһΣ
ûȶӵͷղŷ۳ȥѾһĽ죬Ŷʮѧȫװĳ˹ҿǹϼ磬벽ߣ
Ÿѧ󣬿ֽһۣŲϰõĴһǰһĿԼЩڣҲþõĲ˵
ղվһɻĵˣҪȥʲô
һŶԶȥĳ̣ͻȻͷһЦǶǳβˣٴ̷أкƹģȥ

£ϡϡһε·ųԶԶĿƽĳǽ
Ӫǧˣһ·ŤŤϳ˺ôһء
һֱǵĶǰżѧһǰ棬һֱغӦ£Ҳû˼һߵļһֻŵƽôЪЪ
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ʱʾã
ĴЦһҲȷЩᱳʹһǧУһˣʲôɣͳģȻһĨôô
ĶĻ󼸷Һľǳǰۼöȥƽ;йһһɽ굱СȥһɽѾ񣬿Ӫģɽ굱УʯͷʮðġŰΧȹĳʦʹֵæòɿ
һͰͰ˺˵пյϡһİͷͬɢ˵ʳڴͷϡϡĶЦŴкôҽԱˣϢˣپĽƽǿ쳯Ϲľǣȵ죬ܱ


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ҲǰһҪİ󳼹𣬾ʹӪԶĵطɽˮƽҲߵСҪǣӪأһš
Сææµµ󳼹ѾһģԱ߻һЩţƤȺ䣬󣬿˵ļҾͿˣʱС
һȷҪȳһͷġ
һĶŵȺ⣬ͿʮӪصдѾͷǿһһͷ꣺үү
лؼҵĸоء
ļһƣ߳һǣһһǧȥˣɰεˣ
һ½ƮƮĿǡ̷ͬ˭
̷ͬƽǰһһ⣬ǿ˴վǰ´ϲˣ
·һѾͳ嵽̷ͬǰߣ𻰣
ֵʶڱҲһƼʻᡣһ̷֮ͬȻʷ仯Ī⡣ΪһڱϢȻʧ̷ͬǱ;ǰһˣ౧Ÿڼ®Ц¡
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ΪЩ̷ͬУһʱٶ˷׷ȥϺݻ̽¡ҳǿֵķӡǿ˶ʮ꣬Ѿʧ˼㡣꣬ϵһƬֻǻǿܣûеǸܱҪʱˣ
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һԼգԼЩˡ̷ͬǾ񼫺ãź֣ĵʦְλܶ˼λ磬½̶ӵжð˪İڣҲ΢΢жûü˵күү
תͷһǳʩͶž˭СѾͷȦģۼöίһ»֮ҹƲǲ㣬򣬴ʵʱǺǷ·ǹһź廤ƽ֮󹤵ءǽǻȦȦүڲŵȵĶļһ
ӣСѾͷ˵Ҳ治ס
̷ͬһֿλãЦ˿һСѾͷܲ˵˹С˼ҵ٣ǰڳزĵطԼү˭
һһ§塣СѾͷؿڲȥᣬһͿεĳ̷ͬЦЦΧʲתȥʩСǿûɻ䣬̽ͷ̽ԵľͳšҪǼɵЩǹеͦĸʲǣƿڹֽҪˡ
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СѾͷһ죬˿ȥʩ۾ֻһϴתžƤղһʱˣߵ̧ͷ̷ͬЦŴԲλãүɣϣѺϢô
һİ֣ǴǶǣĹϵǳȥѵˣ˵˵ЩҲ֡ԲһСѾͷˣ۾ֻˮĿһһԴԼһ׼ϱûӰӣСأ
һȳСѾͷʱζʩһôӦҪ㵣ģ
ʩͶžļˣһ޵ģ̫̫ӣÿѾߣټĸʹˡһ·ʣҪݵĻҪЩõˡ课˲ˣźˣʮ֮࣡ңҪѹȥʮĺӣһ֮ڣȫһžͳʩųǲˡ
žҲҧ촽Сɽ淢һȪܵǶȥˡɲʵ۶ģү
һмܲסټȷʵе檡һ̷ͬߣ𻰣̷ͬ棬ǳλ̫̫иҲ
е㲻񰡡

ڳʵĲ֣Σѵִһأ۷ɣΣѡֽһкοԽң
û˸ղ̸Цѵģһ̷ͬȫ񡣶̷ͬһ£ֱ⡣
һ΢ЦŴİ裬ʱĴʢƹ񣬹Ȼûп̷ͬѾ˷ص棬ĸ˿оҲõغúöģΧʱϾͣƷȫ׼ϡרһīֽȫоϣɢһЩССأԳһͳ
ϥǣֻǾĵֻڳʱӪһЩʵӦմѡ
մѣʲôմѣ̷ͬȲľʡ
һվĿ̷ͬɱǴӺԶĵطƮһ
ڳʣձȻһս壬ֶѾձοҪıչԵĿռ䣬½Ǵ֮أӹΧƳ֮أѾϡձ䣬ͬǳĿŬҪ𣬾ͱȻҪ̤ǵʬʾôһղ뺺ǣȻٶȴ̼ձ糱ڶ𣡡
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ձձګګġ
һһЦǺܵͣǣñȶ˯һ档ȻѾǧٿףѺһ£һų档Ȼģȴֻǵ˯ȥе磬뺰ȴ˰סֱ͡ӱߵˣҲŻᾪѹŻףӣ͸õˣ
һսݵʱµףǶôһȫǰ׷ѣ˻ӿ˻٣ǸѹʼֿʼӦ֣ڳһоӪΪӦʱ򣬸һϣҪ飬֮ǰ۷糱ĹĶʱñΪһֲ赲ĳ
ǸʱֵܳƵ۷ɣ
һ֮䣬Ѿ϶ձȻսذܣ˵ȴ治ĻҲֻ˵óڣ
̷ͬһҪҹĴ˵ӾҪˣ
һһЦҲˡʱˣеıĿеĻ𷿣еҪؽеİνʱңϣɡ
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̷ͬҲֻĻá
һһգҼ̣ϺĴĹǴ壬һжҪϲźã
̷ͬ˵ҲȷûѡһȻֵƣҲͶ·Ȼ֮ǰ;֮ʣһֽͿаק֮εΣǵ㲻һģʱҲֻкһһսˡ
̷̬ͬһͷȥǣٴô
ǳһ£ΨհֻǴ˽ʾ˵գֻǵʱ޶ࡣҪʵĽԼʵӪźð
һһЦȥһҲʰ˰ɣ

һȴǰͷڵϵ£Ӫٵʿ䣬Ŀܲܣ߸ϣʽǡٰѲǹɭɭĶǡ
ʿ䣬ֱ磬ɽ棬ĺʳòˣﻹвһӵϵĵЩӣӪڳǿݶǵļԼЩүǵաֵʱǸһֱ֣ǣЦ޺Ѽλˣ鴽һڣӦ֮ɽ£ð˼ʿ
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ȴû뵽һ˼ٸʿ
ų󺰣ˣʲô˼
︺һЦЩȫװѧǴӵ֮£һߵ
ͣµӪӹڳǧʮԿնһһֵҲ˵ˡ˽ˣӣһһƥغȥɣ
Ųӣڵţ˭ȨǴ٣øľƣ٣ֻʵ˺ʣ
ֻЦʲôǽҪô໴ʲôʵˣ˵Ѿ;ǺͺҪٴѡԱ١˾ǵ̫͵ҲӮԹԶĻȥɣһһء
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Ԭ˰Ԭˣôûϵһ죡
ʣǧηηľۼһšժñӣЦӾһһ¶˵ӣʵأǶӣӾӪɵĽЩ˼ȻҪǸʹõġǸõõģһҲٸǡʱǻҪΪΪ٣ô࣬ԸɵģԷԸɵģǹ
䣬ʹ鵱У½һͷһ˵ĴڴڽʿηηĿֿЩѧȻɭĲǹǹڣһУֻʣһƬ׽
ˣҳǰ

ڳӪأǼªúܣžͳʩλ̫̫һ档ʼһֱڵȺһȵбһûлŵ̤̤ʵʵһһʩֳ˹ȥ
Ůû˵˼ֻǿ͵Ʒ㶡ͻȻžͿһЦ˽
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СѾͷ־һͬԴŤ˹ȥ
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仰Ǵ鳦СŮӶӯӯʮͣһռһ档ЩŮ˵Ƕί
һȦһЦСܵȪҲܵˣߣҹϹȥȻĻӵĹ˾


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һôҲû뵽ƽΧĴɽ棬ôһƬأ
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һЦ读ûԼˣԼĸʲȻҲŶˣȿڵʿæǧһڰ־Ѿд
йȻأһȪ͵ɫİ»ӳ⡣ӹȿǶȿȥֻܿȪʳƹȶɽʯڵķ羰Ȫ֮ƽϣĶѾ֧һЩ说Χֵ
ţֻˮȪİǹӰķ˼
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һȴֻ뵽Ƭ츣أҲȨ֮¡ֻҪԸ⣬ͿԸеԯ̤¶ͬûκ˸ڶָֻšⶼһĿĳɾ͡
ҪʱĺΧ£ʷıĿ
ЩǺ󻰣ʱֻҪܰɡ
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һһڣãΪ˷ɣСʲôĶ츣ءòŽ˰
ʲæ󣺡ˣкηԸ
һЦţ˵ȿȪүȥݸ裬ȻͷæҵĹҴ¶ȥˣ
ԭѧͶųȥĲʹȥˣЩʲͱļġʲԭһ֮ߣֻʿʹáԶ˵ͲԵһѧôЩʲȴҲȻ
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ͷŮӽ߶ഺ˵ӣʱʲô£Ѿ׵˾⡣
һڰ֣诵ʹŮȥĽӣëʲôĶһԡһԹԵĽ·һ˽ˮС걼Ͷ٣׼İ칫ҰϲҲʵ˲١ʹʹûˮУ;ˮﺬŵǣСһȫˬüҪ˳ͷСѾͷЦ˭
žͳʩ࿴֪ͷҲһͷҲһˡ
ˮ
Ž㣬Ҵȥ
Ҹ߰š
ҲҪȭ
ŤŤĳˬһһŮ¿ȷûˣߴĽѡ
һһʯͷ棬۾ʱˣкôİ
ˮˮ֮Уܸо峯һĻٽ߶ʱֻΧתȦҹ
һҲֻۣһ֧ȥ֪˶һһŮһˮ
֪Ȫԭ򣬻Ǻߵԭֵ壬Ȼȵ÷̡ƫƫ㻬ǳ֮ĶǵİݡֽĲ˳ʩ˭
Ȼ߸ߵСѾͷҪȶžһЩ
һ۾ͿʩצһϣŮûо飬ʱҲֻ֪þϣ۾յġСȫˮ촽ţ˵ĳ
ٿž飬ȳʩҪˮͬ۾ҿ˫ֻסز·ڵſСѾͷǮжۺš˫۽ڵһ롣ضԲˮ˵˼㡣
˹ʱ˹ʲô˵ģ

ˣϹղѾƽ
ƽӸʹվڳƽ˾Тǰ
ƽΪʶʮ֮һƽּأǲ˵ʱӶࡣƽΧôһ̫ϻʣӸʹɼ˾̬ȾͿࡣγơ
ТǸʮˣǴԺһϵڼ±䵱ѳڼɴ󽫾ֶӡɫЩţѧ൱Ԩ
ɫĴӸʹһۣû˵
СıڣǱҪϹɫ¡ڳռз쵱й˵ˡ
˫ղٳʣһϣһڱм仹һڳٹ̵ԬԬίԱЩֱפƽ˵ҪָʾҪղ֣֮Щ̶ܴҪԬɫ¡ڿɺãԬǶһղܰһߣҾڳ֮ԡһղأȻ࣬ƫƫбҾƽ֮࣬вʵʵġ⵽ҪӦźã⣬ǲɵġ
ТһѽСһѾаѾõŷ⡣
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Ԭ»ǣղǲԣ
Т׳ţ˵ԬŵУһ˵˼ȥˡƽΧộҪıˡʱռз쵱棬ձȻҲҪӴԳʵѹɴ̣꣬ʻʲôùӳԣ
Ҫŵƽղ󳼳ǿӲ̬ȡɴ˻ЩңϾ˼Ҿߡ⵽ǺòŶԣ

Ԫɽ⣬ʱϡһʯ棬ѩ׵˻
һСڲ˹֮䴩󡣴ͷվˣǰȥҵԼźš
֪˶ãͿһ̲Ϳ˵ƺš͸ɺֵͶϼˮ־񣬸Ͻҡ֣ŵƺĵطȥ
һСѾֽʮС׳ĺӣĬ̤ˮͽСһֱ̲ͿǶģǶӵгġ
ŵˣ͸ղŵĲ˵ˣˮǰ£ŵŪ´յ𣬾ͿһװˣųʽӭˣӴˣ
ˣձ洬ִﳯʺȻתС͵͵½ĽӾТˡ
ӭǵģձפǴʹɼĳʴ󳼡һǶйٽֲһһ踮ɷɽ˶ѾְǸˣ踮רŸ丧Ļ
ǿ֧ɫףŲ鸡ֲһͷɽǺͷʣæľͰȥλˣǰǸˣ
ƵסһЩӾТձ꣬齨һɱѧɴʮ˵ĺĥɾѾ˵
ɼɫĿӭӳ棬ֻһɼһ߹ͷ񣺡ɼ幫ʹȻǿѾ޼ʱһУҪձˡ
ɼһ˿Цݣ΢΢ϹڳʣǻҪЯġֻҪģһȵҪĻᣡ
ѾôʣҲĵĻ⣬ʱƽҵǹֱʱ򻹾جεоѣ
ɼ΢ЦͷѾˡǾԲܸѵֱܿʵزʱ䡭ҪܵڳʵͳֻǸձѣǵĹͬ棬½棡ֻҪһ㳯ʶͷǻ׼ڳֻҪһ룬ٲˣձѵĴ󣬺ϹˣǽȻʤֻܵҪſһţݶᵹӾѷĻᣬǰҪǹͬŬѽ
ֻǵͷձƵϣӵƴѵҵĽĵ۹δ棬ڴ½֮ϵĺѾ۳һͷޡֻȴĻᡣǸٻصӦı仯ô
һ棬ڳʶϹˣΪŬ˶ʮꡣһ棬ȴһһҡǰĺڰ˯
һΣĻǲģ
ֻһȷĳĸܺǸһȥСˣֻȴӱң
Ȼ̧ͷԶɼȥǰɣȺ򡭡ȺһܾǹҵĻᣡ

说ͻȻһЩĪ춯ˡ
Щӣ󱱷½շתʡĺЩúöŮǴ۽硣ԭĸӰҲôģôƽԭôߵɽˮҲǱġ
ЩĹٶһʽУҲùˡÿ˶ǵòȻȴֻһЩƺֻһϲеĻķ飬СԣЩֲ˼񡣻ôƯһԴޣΪʲôԼûУ
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ڱûĥףͻת򣬽ϴתСһ·Ҳû˵ĳʡ
һƽˡûпǧˣȻ콨ĳ棡ٳϣϤɫӲԼҲСһӶӵĳһĻԴԴϵĿֲϣʣѻɽ
ִ棬붼ģ
֧һеģԴԴĲһУһĺǰˣΪЧߡΪ뻹Ϊ롣
ôĸԴһһӪôһء꿴ĳУһ·ϤһĸδĸԴŻȻЩף͹Դϵ
ԭΪֻһôһɽͳȥء
ָоʵŮðղμĳʾͿԿǺϲġ
һӪĳ֮󣬴ӱ󶼿Զ׳־Ůһ¾Ϳʼ濼Ǽ޸ˡ
ĸĸоҲǺܻ
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ֻǣ׸еһδвģ
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ʿ޺޵ĵĿŵǱ󣬺ǻϵΪаСӣҲǳԱ£Ȼô壬Ұģ
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ûһ˸ип࣬ԭһܲľ٣滹ղ󳼣
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ľӣһǸʲͬڶҲȷһɸƵ漣
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ЩҲ࣬ûһáҲǣǧʽ˲ʵšƴһ˯õʱ챣ˡ
һڶеУһѾͳסһˣˣ
һ΢΢е죬Щӣν֡˽ǣ蹤ղӡԼæģھٵнҲףرҪ鲻鷳ɫҴҶʲôҪˣ
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㶵վǶһʲô˼


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Ѿ߹ģǻԶԶû깤İ󳼹档һȺű͹ӵǣ棬´š
ЩӵӵܣǻƴӣǺӡ˻бӱյͷΡ弾˥΢ʱһЩкʹүգҹҲҵúܡλͷεľ޼ӵǣ˵ŷҲ١ӱգ»׵֣תۻ⣬žȥ仧еȥӲ˹ӡҲúܡϷүͻϿڳָһ룬֪ǵ̸ǣӪôһԱǲλģ
˵ǿûһкģģ˴үӿǶҪ
ÿһǰЩүŹʣϵŵСһ㶼ļƺɰ̺ͷӣһī۾Сˣﻹƽӣҡûġÿźˣ಼·վں档Ĵүѽкһæװֽ̣ʮүǶһټʮŵź˹
٣һղһĬĬĿǵɣһ֡Ǵôˣ治˻Ǵӵġ
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ˣݶûУܴܲת֮䣬ֹñֱѪҲ롣
СӣĻ첻ߵľͷ治С
ʱСòҪϡɷ𶼲ܿ⣬ʲôСӣϵƤұһ
һֵԸϣŤͷߣֻһ䵭ȴĥ
Сӣ󵽵ɣ

ڳʱĹ˵λղ󳼣ĽǶݵలµľ棬бˡ
һôʹʹίԱίԱȵȵȵȹŸͷεĴٶÿӶʮǹüĿӡҡڵãӳĿݶ㹰־һ嵥
ûбģҪҪáÿθڶСһûʯʳ˵ǾԴ򷢲ˡ
ʹԱǾȻΪҲûйӦ񰡣࣬Ҳûиָʾ
ȴû뵽Щ̫үƢ̵ģһš
еָĺӻƴӣ֪үʲôôıձӣ˵ǿ㣬Ҹүôĵģǲ밤ģ˰
е˺ú˵ǽ裬˭ûиѵģʱ峯ڷٶ꣬ôǴֲǲǲ㻹ҳ͢˵үˣԩ㣿Ҫͺú룬˰Ѵ˱ʡôˣУѴ˵ļҾҲүҲȥƴ˵ļҾȥ
е˷ĸɴ࣬˵еĸԱ嵥һ̣ʹԱ¶ɫ֮һϻ˵¾ͳ쿪ǹȰѳʹٸԱߴ롣Ȼɱȥֿ⣬ţոȨʹٶаϻ˵ͬʱºݻ
үѽүű۸Ϊ˹£úүж˲ʹؾǣŶүסͬϳүʱ򵥶Եүһֻ֣
˺ͱƦɵĶ飬ȳһϯ˴ͬĳʵطϵ˾ʹµܣûһǱеЩүǿʼãеķµȥ״еĻ൱ǿ۹ѹ±ֳ˸߰ڡǹ׵󣬼֮ڣһʳãڳʱʹ£ƽĽȥ
е»ȰЩ˴үЩԼȫô͸ǸģŶɣ򷢽лأ
˴үһƣ㶮ƨǷֳûܿţºóӷ𣬵ԸλүܶһҲܶһĿգȫָˣ
ʮУʴͬһĿⰲ£۹ĲпѹեѹεУȻȥˮֺǳȻڶ֮ڱṩ˴ʳʣдμƽһϵͳ赱СЧͼӰ½·ˮ·еļʲʱʼС˹ģΪʵļ룬ֽٶȴӿ졣µˮͷƬƬĳڴͬߡ
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һȻ֪ǺܱǸ֪Լĸ塣

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ͷ֮ϣĶӿͷЩűӵĴǣ¶ĿİĵطһӪá
ڵһĴͷһССӰϸֱ棬ܿݡǹһڴͷվñֱԶԶģƺͿһͶ
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⣬ǲ̻죬ɱ̡űڹĲУһȻи١һɫٲȻͬʱڻƮ
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ڹүϣĶسС춼ˡΪ˹ϷүǵĽᣬЩǾ㲻ǹŵġŹʮĵϷүּοִõҩλСӡƺЩתλУԼƷ衣
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Ϸүڳƽİգ൱ǿġ
ŵԭҲΪ׷ϷүĽŲοһλү˵ʵڵģһЩͽ̵˼ԭһڳʣʵֵ̫ˣ
һȻָʾʮͨӵܣһ߸طĵطȨ˹ΪĽóʳȷҳˣҲӵίҪˡҲҪۣܲܵ
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¶մǵ˼ǸϽһȥꡣôӾʹӣžš㿳Դһһ۵顣ƫƫ̷ͬǸȻڽʵ飬˵Ǵ巪ʲô尲ȫϣǴڲˣһڴˣIʦڣǲԻٳǵ飡ţ˭
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ѵҲȤ
ͷֻһԺһžһ֣ߣղȥ


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±ǰݣǰֱһڽ±ʱһ·ͣ꺮ůȻҲЦúܡû뵽еˣѵϣȴ·Եһ㣡
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СѾګګĽʳеݸ诣诶ɡʳЦ绨ĳȥñټ˵ȣ磡ȵ÷Ҳˣ磬ǰ诣
˼ͿתͷһĿݺݵĴϡǼģʱ˵ݻӡǿ֣ʱȴô䣡

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ѾԱۿת˵ίȹӾ˹ȥ˭ҴҸ磿
ôһŮһ壬±ǶʱӪݴһƺҶ̳סˣ˭ҾУȥ
ſǶһȴ̧ͷ±ŵòҶʶž͹ˡ˫һ̧ͷˣ˵ķˣ˭Ҵң
һ½סЩѾͷӿСΣգҷ׷׵Ҳӿ˹Ľšݸվţɫȥ
Ҳҳɣʶľ;һӣȻע㿪诣ЩѾӿɰ˲١Ҳ£ʱп޺ͷܡ
ứֱµί滨꣬һ߶Ѿðߣһ߶ƴᡣԽԽ࣬һ˳Ҹһȥ̫۸ˣҪؼң
һֱ诱ߣſǶûҶһ¡
ӣԸҪμӵģôУͱά֧ӵļɣһЩǵĻֻмɣΨмɣųΪӣ
ǾžžĴݵĺҲ±𵴣Ϊ֮٣Ů˸ӹʲô̫̫һŲϣߣ
±˭ҲҶžһ߳վñֱҲ߳
ԱߵʱҲѻȸ
ΧӪûһ˳￴ֻж̴ĿںԼѵ±Ӫб۾ԶԶһۣһ˿Ц
ȴЩ±һٶپЧء

ʱһȻ֪Сί
ղӺǣһ顣ҵ٣æĳ̶ˡڱ˭Ҫɡ
ģֻʽ򣬲ӪȣίΣװλЩĶ
ҹ̤°Ȫ˫ɵܣʱҪͦԶء
ˣװ֣ǧëɪ˰ʽǹÿǹǧӵһҪһӣܼ˷ѣʮҪСھ͸ô
֪ͨǱߣո
ˣĽǹ䣬Ҫô
Ȼȥһɹַ̻ҩ߻ǹټܣеˣ͸ṹûУҲҪ죬Ҫޣȱʲô϶ȱʲôģƸ
ˣƽЩôʹ˲ʳҪƴ˸Ͻȥǰɡ
ٴȥɣ
ͷԵһ飬˲ٹġٴŴҴ뿪һղֵµίԱһղӽӹһæľ͵ݵһǰ
һԼ鰸棬󳼹棬͸ʲǾڡȵ£һǴ󺹣ϰһ󿧷ȡһĺȥϺþ͸ࡣǶѾ˲٣ǻǾ񾼾ԭǸʱյѿģһűһˡ
ǰЩҲЩȻЦݻڣ˾Ц棬˵ĶѾȫȻûУһͳеεԸԭ칫ҰϲһСӻݽʵ޾
ڣѾһ쵼ߵģˡ
ղӵĶݹһ̧ͷһۡղҲˣһһû˵һһʱ͸˵һӡ
ãòЩǮǮӥɫһʣ칤ղ
һȴһǮ֣߶ȴһȦģһն֣ղѧ˶ϲ
һӹڣӹƸļʦڳǮ弾ǮҡͨеҪӺͭǮͨǼּһͭǮֲ㡣һͭǮȥͭĲı׶ˡҵӣɫкö֣ʲôƽɽƽƽ̨ƽ֮ģ䲻Ŵ򿪣ӿ룬ֳɫ̶̶ֵĻңʱǴǮϢҲԴԴϵȥˡ
˭Ǯĺô棿˶Ź˵ܶƤڽ꣬ѾںˡͻһһεĴŹ˾͢ȨȫڵطԺ͸Լˡ
һ⵹ãûģƽʼ˽۾ģǮϢ롣Ǯ߶ǳɫһȦģͷֵĺƴͨеʽƴ棬òϣЩȤζġ
˽Ĵ󣬳˼ƽطץ˽ȻҲϡ͵ǾһʽǮˡǮͿԵ÷ţʿǿԼĻȥհҡߺƹʣʿǾ͵ؾͿôɹһҲЩֹ֧ھʵĲɹһͨȥˡֻҪԽ࣬ͨΧԽ㡣ͨΧԽ㣬ǮϢԽ࣡
ҲֻһļһҲƽ͢޳ĪΪΪ
Ǯˣһ˵öվղӵļ򣺡ʰʣǸɵǲǮͨȥˣԺ츨ӣ̵ģǾ;ԲŹ㹦󹦣취ǻʲôǮ·Ź
һôѿղӾǿЦѾһĿ¶ˣʲôǲ롣ʱһŲնͺˡ
ΪˣΪԼĿǸȫ湤ҵ롣
ֻĿ꣬ңԶòɴء
һ˷һղɫеҲ΢΢Щ֣ղʣﻹʲô£
ʣĥʲô
ղӳһ£βǿЦûʲôҲΪ˻ϲһЩ룬˵ıһЩӡֻ롣˶ڱš
ǸԼ˹̧ͷĿһˣ׬Ǯ·ࡣմ˵ʱΪʲôһЩأ˵֯󶥴ķ֯Ҳ׬ǮУҲ··ӪˣҲôŴڹľ𰡣еǮһѧķ˿ϧ
һһ£ղӣЦ
֣ղ£ָһȡɵĵʣ֪˼ЩҪ顣Ҫģֻùҽ۸ǿԱסԼĹ˰һĹңԼḶ̌Ҫ˴ϡʱ䵱УĻֲĻ֮һڽ裬ֻҪҰˡܺƽƽˣû˽ôֻҪͬһȵĻǽĳɼĿ࣡
Щʲô黰һԼġǸ£ڶƽ֮ʮڣͬԼŬʮھ˱һ귢չĵ·
׻֮СҵܶıܣֱѪġ
ԼҪģֻδʮ֮ڣԪɥı磬
Ϊԭôѵȡ۶µĵ·
Щղڣ»ǲ׵ġ
ղӾĺſȣƺŬ˼һĻ
һĶȻѡ׷档ֻоȥ⡣
һʱһЦţʶİǶǮ£һƬöĶ
ʱͻȻһƬֵҺģŮ˵޴СʲǾ赲ţƫƫס
һüëһʵ˵ʲôⳳ
һƣܽñҲˡС˾䣬ҲһȥÿľѵҶĥСϵĻ쾢ƺҲࡣ
ش˵Ļǡ̫̫ǣС㣡
诣һһ£ղվȻرܡһȴڰվס
С㣬æʱЩʲô
΢΢˰°ͣʱܳȥƿӡһǰһͿһ诸ӯѾ˽ǰ
ʱһ㿴Сģ˵ĿС޻ˣɫ㷢ˮմϣ滨ġ
޵һһģǿסƺһǰǿһ̧첲ȥᣬһ֮£ûġʵ̲סͳһˡ
ʱһӿһšһЩȫĵĴ򽻵ǰʲôʱ޸ʱľˣӣʵʲô飿ط˭۸ˣ
һᣬ˶ίһ㡣ɴ޳ǡݣ˴ҡ
⻹˵ãϱ˵أһһʱķӦȻǻŭûӣ
תһ侲ղӣɫѾĶΪݵĵǡ
ݲ˵˰еʲôԵʣͿ޵˵һʾղһ£ȥʸ
ղĳȥһͻˡһߵ˵˵˼䣬һ۵ɫ诵ĸ첲ҲɡδؿڻһҭҭҸ磬ҡ㲻ôҪұ𣬴צ۸ңôںǡ۸ҡ
һٹӣ˵һǧ仰±ð
һһ
һ춯诿Ͱ͵̧ͷſɽˣ۾ģĿһˮձϣӨ͸
񰡡
ϧڣ¾Ҫöء
һӲӲĳľ֣úá
һŵĵɴ۾һƿظһ飺úá
һˣ˵ʲô
һҴ飬㻹еˣϧҲ
˭诲ֻ֪ǰһǴӦú׷ģ
˶ű䣬˶ľģžİļһģỹĳ䣬Ѿû˸о
Ҫؼҡ
һڰ֣룡ղԱߵǱߡ˼
һɫŮһº͵ЦûӰʱЩݡ
ҪΪܶϾһû۹ļ壬ֺαؿأүǡҲͷһҪȥӪҹܽ޷
ƿ񣬵ͷȥɫ˵ľ
һɫֿʼġ
ղӿǱߣֿߡЦһ¡
˭˵Ǵ˺ɫţۣ


ʮ ı
ʮĩʣǡ
ǵĽֵȻһʰǴ崫ͳİɫװڽͷĦӿŮӣͷ϶ŴСߵƽƽȡҲһصķ羰ߡͷżӾʿ䳤裬ֺЩʰնײײ߱ܡ˭֪ϹʹţϢġǵ̤ˣǾǰģ
ƥҲƵڽӹʿϵźӡԾ»Աӵûȥƽ˺»ߡϵĿЩʰηЫģεʱͻȻһڽֵ֮ԣһȺձ˷ɫļһֳڿ棬һȺ˶ͷɫݵĿǡ
ɳۣ߶鶼һӵܺݺһĭһϡææҵȥøӺˣܣ
Щձ˶飬ڳʻŵȺͷҲݺһū
־󣬼ںǽͷ洦ɼһȻǣȻŴӵһǺСҰĲȡţһδε½β״Сš
ˣͣ͢ӵʿ֮ͤ⣬ĽƷϻӵϡ
رڳղ󳼽湫ĵӶһ»ʹһӣҡŴȡӶһģ㻹ʲôж˵žĵȥûƲŵĵϻӡ
ԬȲ»㡣װģֻûñӡһεε£ֵӰ֮أƺûһŵͷҲû̧һ£ֻ۽һ
ĵȺ˰Σ»һ鲻ԽĴЦСҲڿʼֶ߱ˣ˵Ϸүֶεģ
ԬҲװ򶨣һվǿŻ£ˣǡ
»ŴȣЦŽĵݸԬ͢Ƕĵͣ˵²ˣԴȼǴΣְΡӼ¼ֻǿͷϷүа취ʰ滹»һʣ˵ԼҪίԱЭܴƽ¾ع׼һӵҺãοͤ˵Ҫ鷳һ
Ԭ΢΢ӹ˵ġڵȵϢˣ
Ѿ»龫ǣ뷨ӶԸһˡ׼ǵһ֣ľһƽ͸ĸ˻һһί˾ٵĵĹ»űΪԹԵĲƨɣ
˾ٹȥ͸ȥһҲáû뵽һȴЩ˾˳ȥȫƽȨڴͬһɹһ޼ɵ£ȴЩںǵĽղ󳼺ͽίԱǳеѹ
ԭԬڳҲ˵һڵ˳ȥʹںԺ񶼾ԴǼҵĿһڳʵĺΪ
ԬڳʮľӪ·ת۾ҪΪӰ
»ֻһĻǵӣҪһ˵͢һʱҲһʱֻпš
ԬųʴֲҪ䣡ڳʮ֪꣬ձҰġҲ֪ʹ͢ʵҡڡ׻ĴԺҲһһΪҪóʸĵձ
Ԭ˽⳯壬ǱߵһǴʷ֪ʶ˽塣
η£ıȴֱıߡĶС̡ԬûжൣĶʧ˳ʻ峯ʲôѹֻǵģҪǳʴ䣬ľӪʮǰ̣ʵڱȫΪˣֻҪʻڣΪͨĸԱõأĿռ䣡
ڿɺãа취зʰһǸһˣ
Ӻͺ湧ĺ֣һʱ䣬һСڵһǰζʲôҲ
һ淴߶ҪоԬο̫ͤˣ
߶飬ֲŲˡ΢ЦŽĻ»
ˣȷǺϢʶӣҪǴίȥ˾Լȫ岻ݴǡ
»͵һĴȣۣͣȥСּСӵȥ浱ԼָܷɽС˵ʰ㣿ԱȨȫù
»˷ܵȥλղ󳼣һҲˡԭο棬һ˿ãҲûķӡ¶ɺã˳ԳһˣϷүʥ
Ԭֻǹ΢Цˣ飬ǲȵȥͨһ³ңҲǳ͢ʢ¡úúöĸοһ¡
»ҲӿϲԵ侲һЩЦοͤ㿼ǵǣʹȥЩʵĹٶҲһÿˣǵȥοο
˵תҪкʲñԬֽסˡ
»תʲô
Ԭ΢Цָ֣ˣ壬ˡ
˶һֻۣǻ΢Ц

ʾΪһСʵڱȲϴʹɡ
۴СͲԶ̱˵๬һôĹģرʿԴ֮ǰʽӪӪɢ֮Ҳָ˾òһȺŶңžɰͰ͵µļһرſڡļһϵĲʽǹˡ
ʵ䱸Ѿɳڵ˼㡣Ǵ廹ձаʮ֮ڽȫװ⺺ǵİȫǴձͬϵġЩرҲʤ޶
֣Ǵʽġнȥһ·ȥ߷ֱǽ̩ʹǳٹٵĵطЩҲ˰衣ֵ࣬һǼڸڸ״Ժ󳼵˽ۡһǼڽ̩ڵľˡ
λǹΪɻʺ󡣻ϳĵӾ·Ӣ䣬հԶǧޱȡʵڵһʮ꣬ڼ֮Ѿɥʧ˴󲿷Ȩ긾Ů
ڽ̩谵ĹߵУ֮϶šʽŹֵĸ߸߷ٶ˶ģСС۾£Ѿ۴ƣ룬ٺĹҲβסˡ
̩⣬ŮŵעΧĶһз紵ݶҪϽرһУΪ˽ս̩ڵܷÿ͡
λÿͣ棬ߵȰ˵λ
¡ҪԴ棬ҲָˣǿƣѾ˥ޱȡǻǵĹձܷͼǿﳼ׼ͷܱȣֻҪպһ壬Ϳڶ棬ΪӢʽǿձƺ½ȡҲǷưסѾһ
ţͷϵҲԶձʹɼĸǱغǵϢͰͲɼڻ£ܵǱ뽻̩˼棬Ǳϲ
ͽΪǸɵĿڹȥ˵Ϊ˺ʹԺȨҲûʲôȷҲ龫ǵΪз쵱еСѰһ·Ժȫ浹ȴܾŴԽԽסԼ촭
ΪС౧һܺùٱһʵƶԵ̬ƣҲֻеô˶ﶼǲмһˡҪйõ廹ڶ档ڳʻðԶΣաѡ٣˴壬ձΪƽǵĿȻѡ˿£ձһ·
Сڲ˵ǵľνԴǶҪײǿȨԣһĶֻ˫һǾٹһһձһֻΪطһ֧ѣ󣬻İġ
˵ǰĻ֮ƽ⣬νȴֻİѾȫĵձˣ
ڳʣһ֧ڱĴ¾»ղںǡձڳʣǹʹļӣһЩձ˶ѣ
ʱڽ󶯸ߣֻһԲ
ҲֻǾĵȴš
廹б
ʲôıһǵͨ졣
岻ǧĸ֮ʿǧļũԶƽǺҳ־֮ʿ޲ĿѣձǿͼںߣֻҪһ£Ͷɺƽǧ֮ϵǣֻҪһͷվӸϵ࣬ʹֵ׶һḨаԺǿǿպһ壬ҳδ£ҳһ˰ʱסǻĻᣬʱȥ˾Ͳˡ
ĬȻβżѵļ˼仰
ձıˣıʲôô
ˣձҺͬͬԴ֤ձʾҺ˺ᣡ壬͵壬֦ͬ۴½ĺˣǧ˹ǣūǣʲôĺˣ㵱ʱԮձսҲΪ˼ǣձʱ׼ǣһռİݣҺģǴδˣβٴ
ֻǽһԲ̩ڣʱ湬ŮͻȻ߽£ղԬίԱ¡
һ֧֣ùŮɫȻѾˡ
ڷƮҡǻҪһЩʣһζȻȥɣлᣬټ
ģģӡͷľͷذһ

ǴһʼͲӦýϣںϣǵδҪǴ͵Ⱦ־ʿ
˵һĿձˣĴӡɹúںڵģ֪ձأΪⱼߵԭ
˵ģȴձפǵĴʹɼûдʽϵʽǴһɾİɫͷļ¡ں棬ϥǾš
Ҫֻһᣬ֮󣬶ǲľ档ֻҪʷһôձѪڣȡǴڴ½ߣձδ½֮ϣ
ɼ彩Ӳĵͷ֪Ŷ־ʿͷɽָҲǸհԶûгʷϣǺѷһƼĿ䣬
ձҪϣǵʱֻһɵ棡ͷɽѾţǲӳʵˣ
ɼĬȻָһ¾ôǸǵϢ֧¾͢пܽǳعڡ
ˣڳʺͶǴ½ͷǲӣҰˣձɵŵһǸﷶ֮
ţձǰԷķʿΪɵġձάһֱ־ʿĺѪձûеطʱ򣬾Ȼھӡ
ȥʮһֱڴ½ڳʣڶԶţѼ鱨ҪҰʧʿڳط±䣬ǴαûǵӰĴûͷɽͷӱ龫ǵָı
һ¾Ķ򣬻гʱľƱ仯ǵĬĬӵС
ЩˣɼʹɵúܡЩ˺ձϲ㣬ǧ˿Ƶϵĺֺڣȫ޼ɵ
壬Ҳձֲ׵ά¸ĸϾٹҰĲȻĹ̥ɡǵı󣬿ҵ磬ƽ磬ɷҵӰӣ
ﷶ֮ЦɼΪʲô棿һ¾ȥˣǻʲô᣿ھΪڣǲпֵĻᣡβںǣڳ֮
ʲôɼʶķһ䡣Щ˵жȻҲ־֡Ǵ£ƨɣһٿĹ
ﷶ֮ЦһŵأվźŮţǶϹ񣬽ЬӰںá
һߴЬһ߻ͷЦɼǵȾ־ʿѾʣʱϣ㲻ҪںǷĻᣡǻձһڵģ
һصֻɼһ﷢
ʱʲôأ

࣬͢Ǹձ֮䣬Χűһ֧¾İӿΪһ˵һҲ֪
Ͼԣֻ֪ʷƶѡĳ֣ڳʣѾʷӦñ仯Ĺ켣ҪģֻǺúɾѡ
УҪ㽫Ժʧ𰲸
ƽһ¿ٳİг棬¾£߼м뼯һáǾ룬ѥӵһϸι״
һԲֵȴˮͲǹܡӵĿԵߵͺͷǹ֧ķǹǹ࿪˸͵ڡӵ׺һļͷǹڳ͹⡣Ƕһϵȡ
ͷ󺹵ĵǹղҲС֧ǹ档ʱȴ䡣
ǵ۷׷ס
˵µǹǹ
û˵ô߻ǹһܿԵְٸǹ
üһǹҲСڣŵǷɲǣǶкЩǹأҡŴǹôһǹܰ
ûղ˵ҩ׿ϵһӿԷٷ
֮棬̾
һҲҴǰ߻ǹǵۣûǸĽ͵ģԷ̻ҩӵľ
̫˽սսòӰıˡҲУаյһ顣
ţǴԽߵĺôءϧĽָᣬǺܶ࡭
鷳ǣԽ߻Ǹ㲻úŮ˵Ĺϵ
ʵߣҲȷĿŮ䣬ɻǷǵӲĳά־Ӽɲɡͻǲ˵ʲôϵֻҲҪһ˼ˡٰͻһ鲻ԸϱԼŻʲôȤţҪ취Ҫ취
Լĸ߻ǹһȻŮ˵ˡ
ԶԶصľʿҡС졣Ȼɿ档Ƕྲ˿ΧһԲվֱֱġһǳһѣ㷴ӦϽ˺Ǹˣһϰге˷ֻܵǴŻǹ
ݺͳЩپ͸˵ˣܻǹ
һͭڣղӺһ˼ʦ档Աſʦæ͵һ˾ģԶվܻǹм۲쵯šоͬʱǰŵԶ
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ղӻͷһˣԿʼô
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ӿӿӿӵֱô˵Ŀڣÿһ¾÷ɿ졣𺳵Ļǻǹľϣľмɽӵ˺ľľҷɡһûһСľжأ
ǹȻڷĺţղӺһϣеطھҵĶšɿľ͵ڵУҲϵķ׳תܻǹ棬ǹͭǡʮĵһȫϡһӣΧ۵ЩǿȴǱκʱҪ
ֹͣ˺þãгѻȸ
֪˭һԶ£Ĵؿڡ
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ˣѾϣҪҪȥǱ߿һ
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һҡҡͷëľӶòˡߵǰ棬תЩȻľ٣⵱ȻǾҪ֪ģˣûмᶨǿľˣٺõҲһѷһᾡṩõǾûЩòǹô̵ȭͷҲҪսȥһ㣬ҼסûУ˭ҪǻȥʿǹĲɨս
ǸȻͷһţЩһִľٵУǲԶġ
ݺͳУ´˺վϣ뿪ȴͻȻһסһ£
Цеĵ˹ҪһһһסͷǣԼΪǹԺĽһߡ
˵˵
ЦЦĸߵһߣŵˣǲΪС飿
һסĿ
ˣҲ͹ġԸɣΰţСҪ˰
һ߳ŭ˵ûҲܸ㶨


ʮ һҹ
课ںڰУɫ䡣
Ͳˡ
뿪ǵСŮ˵ֱеһ޾ļڡʱǼﲻӣӵĻѪ
ϲܳȥϲǸ絽ת˲飬ƫƫҪǵõӱ䵭
ʱ͵͵ǿĸʱ̾ϼǿúܣʵ棬˭õӣõذ
Ǵˮ糱֮Ҳû뵽ԼȻõ䰮ӣִʹδܹģװںʵ棬ֿ˻ҪȻƾһһ仰ܸԶУ׼޸һȫİһС檵ļһ
ȻǻͽǴСܵǻʽĽһӵС飬ʵǷе˼ġ
ǸˣΪ˴Ӧúչذůģ
ȻҲˡ
һʼĹ;һļڡܶܶźҪʲôʲôһôȫͬķǰôóԵģôġߵ˸ֺ󵽱ӱٴ򵽼û˵ĳʡ
ʾˣŮȻͿʼ⡣
һߵʲôδ˿һҾԶ֮߾ֻѾӡǸ˵æźöö顣Ҳա
ȫ֪⣬ͨһҵĴ档ҺһศɣһҵˮֲҾҲڻϷ
һҲȻӪôĻҵŮԼ۲쵽ġ⺷ݵΪЧΪҵææµµƽΧıӪĽ蹤ءһԲ֮ڣ˭ҲУ
ŮЩٵģһӣһſʼļ塣ǴҪúöĺһʲôһ棬ҲԺδ
ǰֱӣӵĸоŮʵЩˡ
ǵôܽôææµµļһ˨أҲʵ˼ҵΪҪһġ
ôƯôѩ˶㲻
ѡȥȪϢǺúö뿼⡣׼ԴҲҪ취
û뵽ʼһȻĵطǸ컳棬ͬഺŮתܵģôҲǲˣֻоѺѽܡ
ԭԼôӣֻϵƷ
ȪصƽǱźһ鷳ġһﲻǸʾ㹻أԭ
ƽʱ课ԲȥֱŤҲġҲ̽ԼĵλҲ뿴һֵķӦ
һû뵽ݾȻԴ׼ĸû뵽һȻ˵ô˵Ļ
ڿңû˵诣
ģ޻ЦᶯᴭŮӣ
ʱһĸ첲ĺܽʵĴѯǺܵʱ课ˣҵĸоĺܺð
ֻҪһʱһ϶¿ˡ˵Լϯ췹šΪԼδҸһǸġ
ȴ
Ҫң诣һûС
ͷҹô󡣴ɫ㷢߸𡣼յƵĹâڲˮϣַϣҫڿһ
һ󴬻ĿͷѾǶĬʰŶҳС㿴һۡȻϴˣӴͬ򻻻ִͻˮ
һŮɡ诲źˡ
С㣬ϴˡ
һӵ˵
课ĻͷŹĵطղ󳼹һۡ
ļһ
ӷţͷҲصĳȥ
ԶĺڰУһǣһֱĵĿǸɫǵŮӡŵǺͳɫκ˶Ҫţͨ졣ֲȴ͵͵ڼüŪۡ
ôƯŮӸϴˡϱҲءЩСŮˣ;Щθڡ
ҹɫ΢΢ĵƻ£诵Ӱһõһ
׷ǲ׷
һšüë롣Ҫ˵һøûУ˵һοѪСŮ൱ˡҪĻŮѵõϤЩִŮӵζġ
ʩͶž飬ֻʱСŮѡòܴͳ
ûʲôˣڵ֪Ҫ뿪Ϣ֮󡣰æ֮УĵĴǺͳں档˻
˵ʲôأ׷ĽϡάҲһûԼʵûʲôסѵ˵Ҫľ檣Ůƣ㲻ߣ
Խǰ룬ڼЦôʱЩСŮŶ켸ڵ裡
ȥʱѾ˴ڴͷͣҲδͣ˷ա
һŴת棬ˮ뿪ͷûסԼų⣬ǹ׼һʱƣʲôû
Լӣ϶óʼһ￴Цˡһ·ɱϹģһŮ˵¶ôòŲ£
밶ԶȥӰԽԽСһһŤͷߣȥ֪жأ˷ʱ䣡
ǵˡ
һӣǶЩûˣʲô飿᲻ӣ
ǵͷû᲻ãҲ֪û˶öԣǰ̫ˡֻǰתһš˵뿪˲ܸˡд˵ĸۿϴ뿪ˡ
ǽϵļ⣬¶̫ĸ顣ںôҲǾˣɲ뿪ٴ¶ȥأֻǹƽһ񣬽ڴһŷ˳
һһӹɫģһ٣
ܾԼ͵͵е㶪ӣԼҲǺˡȻСһŴҵءˡ
ӹͳһ¡¶Ըٻ˼ˡǸӣһֱ͵͵ĳͻȻˣȵȣ
һһͿＱͷժһյַɿıһǰ
һĿֻ΢ЦתͷٿǣСӶҲһ仰Ҷ˵ȴֻǿһ
һֻһĶŷ⣺Сӻ˰
ЦЦˣġ
һûľͽƵĹâǷš㿴꣬ûɵķ¶Ժ
ƵĻƹ֮£ÿַ·΢΢ζһ
ģ
ȣ޸ġ
ΣûӦ顣
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飬ˮͱӦЩӣһͦĵġ
һǶѻȸֻз֪˶೤ʱ䣬ˣǰ͹ŵġ˸ǳŵǲƴ׷档ˣҲСŵİȻǳŵҪ
һɫŷתͷĿų桭Ҵļһ·еͷʹˡСӣ͵Ҹţ
һЦͷŤ˿ȥԱߣͨ졣
һ͵ĳһ򲻴ƸɴѼһָǣ㣬ȥþȻ׷ңһȻɫȻ򣬷ɿ췭۶ȥһһָԺҪκΣҲӵ顣ֻΪЧǰǣûУ
վñֱɫһƨɺݺһӡ½˻һŴӰʧķȥ

ͷ㱯ϣһᳵӵ֮¡̫үĸʲӳıӶ֪
һղԱ档Ϥ˶ΪȻʲôʱλүܲ˸ϻ
˭ûϵǣλүǻһ˰㡣ûûȥˮôʹųȥļ¾У
һûʲôģȻϵ˸ʲӳÿһ֮⡣ٿΣ±һһûʱϾͼСҲйɺݾȻô
ÿϣЩٿΣҪѲӰ칫һʲÿ϶ڣÿλڣ۳ʲôŻڣλֻҪһ⣬ҲֻΨʣ
Ƿ˺ˣһôĥҲȻÿæԼڵ飬ٿΡ̱оϣָмͼһ֧ó̵㡣ʱˣҧȥڡ
ⱲӣӵĻԲϷүҲˡ׵ʱڣܶһͷǾʹΥǸĻ
ЩʲУԭ˶ԹۡݲΪȻżǿСҧݵľҶ̲סЩʮ˵ĸʲӣҲܹˡ
ϣһҪźԸһʱĲٿΡӼֵͷ˯šʱͱλȥڶŻ˸ڣȥʱǱиλ춯
ģôٹǳץӵģү¶ôһɫһǻϤˣӵܣ˭Щһﶼڸ̵÷ʶģʴ˯šôˣôܵ칫ˣ
ʲ˭һףͺǳүǶǳԵ˿ģɤŶʱԺɧĸʲƵŲǹͱ˹ûҲȥү˯٣ĸ˵ң˲ҳǣĻңң˭֪ԷԼϣ
űȥѾڲλεˡͿһݳ꣬ҡָŸĸʲƿڴ滹ԶԶͣšҲȥܣǸʲǹӵǧڵɫ࣬ȴҲ
Ӻ߹ȥ䲻ĺȵ˶ٻղ֣ҪҪӸѾƣ
һ۾һģҵľ㣡ӱĶģ˭֪ЩŹ̫û۶ˣҲɨɨүϽ˸ô˸ô
һͷ򻹺ڳԺ䣬е³һǻȥ˯ĳʴȥҹģлꣿŲү㣿
ЩңҲк¶ҪǸһ֪֪ԸֵóԶٿͷһžĥš
ţģ¶
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һľͳҲСû¶үô㣬һûءЩԵĿͷһʣȫСˡ
߳ȥʮģģڵøԿһˣҲ֪㷸ʲô죬ҪʲôүÿһҪʲôʲô
ϳֶӣԭҲǺϤҹŵͷºͷͷζٿԼȻֺݣҲϳˡ֪ΪʲôЩˣЩİһʲô¶Сôٻܹ
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һķԼһʱ両ֳľȻĽš
ģ캹ΪԼˣȥ˺ãԼҲ˳Ĳͷˣ
ǻȴȻȻһģǰ˵ͻңϢɿ
һЦңĲ˵ϢͨµһͲŵǣǶԱȿˡ»ԬƨɣǶ֪һˣתһ뷨ӣ
ͷƤˣôôˣ
͵һЦأӹǻţЩүǶ˸룬ָſؾǻءǵĸǶٶ༸ȱһ˲Ҫܶ˵ǵĲ·̧Ż£ˣһϽ·ɣϣģһˡϽȥóڣһ·үĸݶûȥ쵽үĵͷҼʻƻŮ㣬һɵͷģؼ
˵һĹǷۿ񫷸ˣȭĵͷߡҲûţһͷر
ϢҪһ

ͬҹƽбıʷš
ʵһҹ
ƽһԴĴͻȻ˹͵ŹĽͿ£ŶңϣĺӰ˴档
Щ˵˴ӵһ²ɵլǰ棬Ŀ˷š
һʻ˭
ӰҲĳش𣺡ȫʦģ
ʱһ£ž΢Ļ𡣹һ֨ѽһ򿪣һ꺺·վſڣеŵĿӰ
ȵĺӰժͷϵĶҡ
ĺһȻðһ
žһһǶϡ򶼴ڵϡǸӰձǹʹɼŸɽﷶ֮
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ĳ裬Ҳǰ²ɣ̸ϸ󣬵Ҳƶ˴˻𣬵ȼ͵ơͭˮֱˮ棬ֱĹš
ﷶ֮úһҲѾʮˡս֮Ҳɢá˽ѧУ־ʿǣڴҶŬšһɺãԾ
Ȼ˵Ķձ飬ԣȴȫȻǺ
ΪԾĬĬͷȴ˵
ͷɽţӦѾյ˰ɣūƽΪҲѾŭԹ˰ɣΪƽѧͽ֮һӦ֪ѾһѸɲһ𣡡
λԵĳˣձǱڳʵļ֮һڹȥʮ굱УձʿΪǵĴ½룬ڴĻǵİ¡йͳʣ֪Ǳ˶ĳڼ
ض˵УٴŵĴܸӣʵձˣλԣԾѾڳǱܾãҳΪ֯ӵкܴӰĶѧƽˣ
ԽѡǣǼ֮飬ȻԱ
ūƽʵ̫ˣίɵõʹߣ;ʹٸѾأūֽЩһرֵļؽˮڣˮѡūȻǹסˮڣҪˮǮ䣬Թڵ˼ͷɽϣڳʱңôõĻᣡ
ﷶ֮ɫĵͷöѧ壬ɲԳ£
صͷһң򾰴ӣ
ϧЩձˣ˵ʲôĻҪйĳ
ﷶ֮΢΢ͷֿʼЩΪѣūƽмǧʿѵ㱩ǻᱻܿƽЩʰա
ﷶ֮͵ֱӣԾ㲻ҪձˣǾΪ׳ҲֵõģʱֻҪںǻжʱڡ
ȻԼѾ˵̫࣬ס졣
ҲҶʣһʱĬﷶ֮ģһĵǺܿ˹ֻҪһлᣬ»ҲҪڳʱ챩ңŵʹ
ϣһȭڵذϡȵĲˮһ±𵹣ϡﷶ֮ȴƺȻ


ʮ Ӧ
ܴ󣬼糱
վڴͷɫ㷢ƮƮ
ĴɽԭҰ֪жԶһˮĽ¡ŰµĳˣڽϣŶңͺССİɫһ㡣
Щӣͺһ
Щӣǿ֮ɽˮĸ½ĺ嫲ãҲһ緢־ڳطݺǧľڲٳ潫߳һʮĳʰգִ֮ҷһ
ϧЩûйϵ
ΧȫǳĬôҴ˺ӡЩǼΪεͳȥر»صǸ˰۵ĻѪСѾͷˡԼ׵λȻˮǴߣǶȻƺ޵ñԭǸүӻҪ
ԼֻһĶԼõ˰ˣôһҲð
ŮĺŶ
ûʮ˶õôһţҲŴһֱܵ˵¶ǲô˵㻰ˡ
ִһЩվǶԼ¡ΪӸһڱ硣ɽˮǸļӰ÷ǿŶ©һġ
СÿҲǾ
·ŵĶ˵ĵؽŮӻ˵ĸӹ󣬷ҪĶԴģλȥС㻹֪Ҫʲôء
ЩѾͷӶˣһλү¶ˣںôһСѾͷ˶ã˵ֻỤһλŮʣ课ͺ糿Ժ¶ˮһת۾û˰ɡ
ã诱˱۾ھδˡת׼˴աӲת˰Ȧһˮ֮УƺԼԼ˹
Ҳͷһҧ촽Լһ䣺㻹ʲôأţתȥȴѾͷһɴ۾һˣǡǡˣ
һתӣȻȾһϣͿһƥչ̤֫Žˮһ·׷˹ëƮ裬ʪܵĺˮ߸͹Ѿեһ־ƴ׷
棬һ
ñѾܵˣñļٱȻҲӰԴƴ˼Ƕϣ׷
ʱ˴¿ܿɽˮ֮䣬һǰһں󡣴ڱ̱ʯĽˮϳһİˣڽ̤ϸ˵㣬Ŵ֮ľ룡
ʱ羰뻭
һ۾һ̲ס֪Ϊʲôľ˵ߵѾͷӼţѷͣͣ
һϣ紵öȫǺ۾ȴֻǴʹǸŰɫõӰӡ
ԸŮ˵ĳŵԼ壿οŮ˻Լűͽ˶ѵбģ
ɺǣǿƫƫʱôġ
ڻķٶȣʯҲͨˮְ˽ŵڷŷ¡Ѿͷڴͷҷ׷׵һȺ۷䣬ò֪ʲôźˡ
ȵĿĭһֱ絽ϣһҲ˲òһˡۼ׷סܷӣ˻Ÿ߸תȦӻû£һѾժߵ˽ˮ棬С
ЩѾͷѾֽֿˣڣʱôĳŮ˵ܴӹȥǵδƶûʲôı仯һվǶԶԶĿ诣СѾͷܳӵָɽ׷ˣ
ϵ诱ĿһѾߣ۾ġͶ֪һͦվֱˣҧ촽Ҳӡ
ִȴƥһͷһۣͿͬܵ󺹵ĳˡһǶȴɫǼǿϲһ󻹱һϺºڵľأߣһĻЦ
ת۾ˮϽǺͳҲϵһߡһųǸЦӣԼԴһ󲽵ľ̤ŽˮСǺͳæĵͷػˮֹǶŷһȥһƿǵ֣Լȥ
ŵϣѾͷǾҷ׷׵Ķ񣬴˶һض读ǶվţҲ˿ȥǲһƽƽ˹ȥõżŮζźһĶȥ
ͷǲأؼң
һҲԺҵʱڻȥүӴ򣿡
Ѿ˿ȥܲţ
һЦЦʹġ
⻰˵ʵе飬ǳλִʦ仰âɵͷš̡Լ˵ôҲеôɣ
Խ֮ǰЩûƤû椼ɣЩء
ȻΤү̨޵У诶ʱͷ۾ģᡣһ޲˽һӣվûˣֻǶţҴӪԣҰãΪʲôңңң˵ֻҾ͸ĺôҪͻҪдţҪҾȳ
һ½ţͳɴĳµ˸ϡﻩ
ҴСû˴ĶӣǺôһ㣬֪ԼƭңҲƭԼȥҲҪ͸˵
ۿСѾͷҲôƯһ룬Լƺȷ诽͵µ׶ˣʲôҲ
ôŮӣǡʱټ
һ߿һ߳ίίĵͷҪؼңˣ׷ﰡ
ڵ˱˻ˣŮ˶һ﷭˸ۣҵȥŮѵĸоʱ⺷˾ʲôҲҪ˵ˣһѽ§ǡ
诹Ȼһ§͹ſСظġ޵ϡﻩǿҲʮСһô춯صһ·׷ԭԭˡʱʱ
һԶֱվţһһġ
һ§诣֡ѴվŵһƣǲĽһһžĶŻ诵þ㣬û㷭㣬һŸ˵ΡôҲӦסǶĳŵҵȻҲš뿪ûô㣬ֳ¶ҵΣʹ°ɡϱˣ¶ҲŶˡԺҿҲû̫ʱߣ̫¶ҪȥԺԹһɣô
诵Ŀֹסˣ̧ͷһһһһһߣǶԵúܡҪʩʩһ
С飬һĥݾͽ˹һȱȻһҲȻı֣ѾͷǶõı۾ˣ⻹˵ã
һ죬ͨһ˾ûסһЦ˳㣬Сȶˣ˭㰡Ҹ㣬ԺһӣҲ˵ˣҲָҺʩжžһ
һеգĶˣǸֿЦҲһ¾ˣʵʲôһ
һ죬˹֧᣺ȪȪ˶ģͥڵġ
һһ§ѾͷǷһɵ̾Ϣһɢˣ
￴ٯٯӣʲ졣ҳĴ죬ﰡСⱲǱȢϱˣӻأ
۵ʱͻȻˣ˹ˣ񡭡ƴ˻
һ͵ĵͷȻССӰûĴŽôˣ׷ϱôô
￴ǱӰֿһԴ۾һתȡץסԼһ¾͸ñһ˹ȥһߵˣˡ
һԼԴֿͷһЦһȥƹԴˣӣˣֻǴˣٲð
һ·һ´Ӹղŵ⵱ӹñӴϣı˽ȥƺҲܵʲôĴһ˳ǳǳһЦ˷գҶףҵɡǡġ

ϴʱͬǷ糾͡ˣ˻ءֻǴŴƵĿһһˣǿɢˡ
һѾʰ񣬵ٴʲô飿
ǿЦ߱ӵõһϢǱǵϢûЩ©ҹҴˣȴֻ£µ֪˴˳߹ͷҲƵĸϹˡˣ͢Ƕˣָάһľ棬ȴû뵽ô죡ԬѾӺǳҪʹ˹ͬң˵Ҫعڣˣ֮ף߱Ӹȡһʱ䣬ҪӦ䰡
һһ
Ȼ֪ڳʷ裬޼ɵµĺǷˣӦ»ĿӣˣܾĽԼľʵѹһеıȻѡ弾ЩĹǵ¾ʱ䣬ȳƤʰհǰ˺ģԼϣһҲ͹ȥˡһ֮󣬾ǼѪսʱͽֻҪһʱѣ͢ڻһصļһ֮ս֮סɾûôˡ
ȴ֪͢ôһ±ˣƺѾıһ㣬ôͿʼʰԼ
弾Щ󳼣ǲȨƽ̫֮ҲǹٳϴͳˣΣһĻʱ䶼ûи
Ŀ͵Ͷ˹ȥһɫ仯ûСʱȴڹĴųû˱ӵԴ
һ
һ·Ӧһٱ׼ľʶƽضУˣڣ
һ֣һһֵĵϢӺζɿô
վñֱһʰ˵Ѿе׼˵ӡƦҲ˺ࣺܶˡЩѸ֪ģǱ仯ǵϢûСǸίεĲʹ©ҹ֪ͨ
һһ֧֣ĻɫҲҵתš
ϢԴԲûɡұĲ˵ǵȷϿͨ죡û뵽Լ۸ˣȻĸôûϵֻЩ۸һˡǳ͢ķԸģĵ۵Ǵĺ󵳣߶ǣڵԼֻҪһЩʱѣ
ҪģعԬߣˡа취Ӧ
˵ĿⶼͶ˹һֻǲ˵˺ÿ˶һĺ
һ͵һ֣ӷҪڳʣ˵ϻǮ˵ٴعӢܹͶ٣ҲҪȺЩ󳼣˵ϻģǮʱ䣡ߵ¶㵣ģ̳
æ񣺡ͳ¶񣬴ҲΨһİ취ˣǾ϶أȥһתô
˶ʣһɫ࣬ȴûʳڡֻ죬΢΢Ц磬ߣ磡

ƽԴڴ幫ԺڣŵĶˡ˽϶࣬ǴԶ·ġЩ˿ǳũģҲмųӣǶġʸŮŴͭСĸÿеͭӲˮǱߣƮŹζ
棬Ǹձֽ֮ȴǳʶѧƽ˵˳ˣﷶ֮ǡ˶һߴ崮ĳʻɵĴ硣ԳԺŵ˵һվ΢΢Ϲ
ЩˣǶѧġ
Ľ壬ʮǰʹ־߹ģˡǧһֱźӰĳ䡣ǧδеĴֵУֵĹͷȻϤӶѧһνʱ࿪ʼͿʼᳫ֮ѧҪ̿⡣ҲǳʱһʼֻĻʶķ˺ȻݱΪ壬Ҫ󡣱˵Ͱ̰֮ࡣ
Ҫǣѧ˳ʱ˼롣֮Сɶѧ֮ڣ˳ĺ壬ԳԳɶһǿ
ƫִԴ󣬰֮ϡ
Ժǣճڣͬ΢΢Ϲ񡣵£ɨȺһۡǧѪ̼ոࡣʱ䣬ߴԹߡ
Ժмʮˣ˵ĸɫ࣬ڽʽЩʸŮʥ
ȫʦѾʹߣȫʦƽգ˺Щ˫ѹΣѾ֪ʹĲѣһʥſ˫֣ķ
ѧڶνȫ׼ʹߣȺ˵һǶ˿ȥһͶصİݷȫʦ֪ƽĿദ
ԻͷޱһۣĳͬЩˣʿսУ׷άµ֮һ¡ʢ˽ѧӵ¶˿ǰңΪάʿٹ⣬ձϴ½Եĵ·
սʧܣʿɢЩˣȻڳŬڿձ£׼ˡҲĿϢˣ
󣺡ȫʦȻ֪ҰѳƽȨĸûвбӰĸûбߵĹͬ˰ȡˣҪЩٽһݣĳǣǰΪ˱ߣΪѹʳǮƣŮӡЩңƽҪȥӡһ죬ʣ˵ءǳˣΪ˵ūƽ⣬ˣǸǳϵѪھｽˮҪˮǮһˮޣһһŽģ̰ҲˮǮˮǮֲʳֲʳֻж
Щ̰û˸ҵˡֻΪǶѧˣû
ĻʱӦ͡ÿ˶ɤţ˵峯ЩӵڸεĲбεĻЩġܼһ֣˰գȥҪࡣЩǮʳͬΪ˵ıߣȴǸЩűӵȥ
ƽģʵģмˡϸļɣӪЩٲ¹䡣ײһССĦҲٲˡʵطڸʹѹͷϣҲһƫ巽
פڴͬľ޴ģԵسʵطѹեȷǲпġ
޹壬ֻһҪһȻҪĴۡͿվںηˡ
ԺӵУȺ鼤ܣеĶѧ˵ദ׷׵Ŀָգҵ˼ԺӣһССĻɽ·
Ժǣͬʹ
ʱ͵һ֣ǳˣָǱԼɱˣȫʦǵ
˻һԺеϽһ㣬ӵĿȭͷ޲϶֣еȴɴ۾ԡ
ңɱˣֻгͷ棬򣬵лһ֧ǧ˵ľӣǹİ
Կһﷶ֮ǰ˫𣬿ھǱ׼ĳѵȫʦͣôѵǻͷϼݱȥôȫʦѾжѧǹƽʮˣȥҲɱ⼸ˣҶѧȫʦ͵ˣھͿ뿪
û뿪ﴭŴݺݵĿԺˣҲþû˵󣬻һ֣ҸȳԷȻۣ
Ⱥҷ׷׵ӿӵУŮǶͭ轫ʳϡĶѧͽ죬š
ԺվԺ棬һɫࡣ
ҧݵֻҪ£ʼɱˣҲҵģϾѾһѸɲݣֻŻǡֻҪ£
Եܳɹġˡ
ĵʲôʱϣ˳ɹˣǵҪĵ飡
Ȼֻ΢΢ĵͷȥ

ǣձפ¹ݡ
ɼ£һͷ¹ڵĺҵСһ裬ǰûҲɫֻǴĿԶڽǵĵȴʲô
֮⣬ʹЩʿĲǹϼ¼žǴĿһĴ˹
ͻȻĽŲȻӰ˽ɼֻǿһۣλӦձפһ˵Ĵ£İݷ
˵ԽЦ⣺ɼˡûаֵĹٷ塭
һҲһǺƨͷɽ
λ䣬ձŵ˺ǣ
ɼؾص˫ַϥ棬ͷɽƽӡͷɽֵ档ȻźͷƺǾ˳ֱ
ͷɽ
ɼſڣѾͷɽϡ΢Цɼеˣ
ɼһѾ翪־ʿڳﱸӾƺȴ̫ΪûгɹĿܡ
ͷɽһЦнһ͹ˣӾТνˡǲָһĳϾǽձ
Цſɼ壬ɼִٵĲ˵
ôˣɼʲô˵ô
ɼ̧ͷһͷɽλձżǱ˵ձĴͷӣЦһͰ˵ͷɽһʫԻ֮ʿ
ɼ˹͵ķ񣺡ͷɽ巽ʹԬѾǴǽᾡһ⣬ƽûнӵκѵ£óȻȡжǲϵ۹ģʹһֱڿ⣬۹Ҫʱһ£ҲͻᷢչԹģ
ͷɽ΢ЦĻ
ɼ˵꣬һڵϾþòͷɽڰ֮ɼȷĵ۹Ĺʿ罫ֲλãûа׷ѡ֪λ˭ô
ɼʱעͷɽһۣͷɽͬͷ΢ЦŷʽĴӣģɫӲ΢΢ɼͷʾ⡣
ͷɽ΢Цλ½ܲııγϲнû֪ͨµ£Ѿܿ˸ɽƽ£ø£õͬ£˻ͱˮʦչٷϢӦѾصϸ£ھǰ
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ӪĲıγн۹½ţĦȻڳ޷ĵ۹½ȾӸλĵ۹½ԣͷɽͬѵ۹׼ڽϹˣ
뵽ɼǻĴ󺹡˼Щ
ͷɽģɼ˵Ĺģûд۹δڴ½֮ϣȻƲȥġ۹ʮ龫ǣнΪ۹С֮սǻ˶ѵ˶پӡѹװøࡣ֮ģڴƣǾҪû۾ʱ˥΢ʱһٴݿǣʱǶԣĶ
ͷɽ˵ɼ壬˵Լÿ˶ھš
ҪȴᣬȴֲӣѹڣǶϹ˵ûᣡҪǣڳʣǸᣡѾƽҳϾҪ
ɼһţһԺеһӹӰںǵͷﷶ֮ʵıң϶ҲٲĶʵӺǵһʹʼĸפʹʹûйϵԳʵĹܹٷǵ£Ľ
ǾҪᣬ۹ʣڴ½ȡǵ۹δ㣡ʱһΣɼӰ۹飬ԴϾҲ½һֻҪһɹ۹һ𣡡
ͷɽһ䣬絶նʯĽһֱĬĴϲҲļһ䣺գ۹½ʿɼĹʹӵСɼһŬɣ
Ȼ½һˣôǵ۹ľˣֻһаˡ
ɼᶨٴ񣺡һĽΪ˵۹ȫͷɽˣ
ʱͷɽȴ΢ЦҲ΢Ц
ôǾ͵ȴᣬʱӦɡɼҹľ磬Ҫͷ㰲ſ


ʮ ɾ
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˵ʿѾһм״ھӪ棬ͬʮʿĬĿоǰһĿǴϱȫΨһһ֧ëɪ˰ʽǹؾصվñֱ
оϵʿѵ˵ģ±δɾ֮ǰѵУ˴ĶкѵΪʿɽ֮⡣һΪӺ֮˴ƴѵȻеҪ֪۹аʱ䣬ûнⲫѵˣʽѵعìⲫϾǽͷֶԻǹˮ׼ņ̀ǹװ֮˴УǹˡװĻ˴кͶУδйɱѵδ֮ǰѾִս˼룬Ϊעػɱˡ
ʱǿӣڿǣȫгߵİг棬ȱȽǡսѵʱ۾־ɾ磬˺µĲš
ԴɱѵҲ±ѵһΪʿɽһ֡һʿֲĴŽ̵ľǹͳȥʱ򡣴ҲͲǸԿʼʽսѵʿˡ
Щ±ѵѾģƴѵʼʱʲôĶСŻƴѾǲеĸɴ۾һһ˶ԲľǹıȱȽǡ̴ɱĻ̹Ǹø
Һ¾Уġ̫̫Ҵ򣬱˵Щ±ˡƴѵϸ񣬾źû˺ƴȥ
һûпҪЩ±ǽĴ̻ѵǶǳɾԺʽս¶ˡǱĲãľӶǵԵĴɱѵ˲𼸸˶Դ̡ãʿǴϻߣΪλɴƴ̴ȺܵķʽУ˭ηǰ˭ƴɱǾķƴӮˣӲ˱ȫСķʽҲЩС໽УҶġ
һɵϽһ֧¾ȷǰ˼ڿˡ
ǰŵ±һƴѵ˵ġһھӪиų٣Ϊ˼ѾʼڽСأӦԳкѹ档ÿѲӪȴǴ
ЩʿǵУวοһ£ϤľʿϣǱĬ׷Чҡһ֧ҵӲӣˡ
ˣ͵ſ֦ɢҶɡ
һҪʿϸļ۵ĵطϺõļа壬ͷŵݺһĽҽҿҽΪãģѧҽ꣬±ѵ֮ϷַȥһЭһҰսԺаӪ̳ｨҩƷղ˵ȥʱ򲻳ɣͷϣ
ǣˣݺݶڴһ±ӪɾڶЭͳ죬⽡׳ӣѾڶЭһͳЩڶЭµľ٣ԽϾϵüء
һְָͷ±ǧģҪϣҪġڽôǲӵ¶±ԼһҪڼ㣬ţѵļͣоǮҪǻȥô飬Ѿʹʢˣһþʴĵ㣬ϾҪʿҲľʿҲܰˣ
ǣˣݺվñֱҲֻеͷݴֺӣ֣˵±˵ôϸֲǺ;¡ȴĬĬע⵽ʿǶ֧ŶšһҲȴֻǲ
Ҳ˵ʲôʿĹС忼ǵԽܵΪ壬Խû뿪塣
һͷı飬Ǹʿº͵ĵǹٵģΪ¸ҶˣӶοʸͼ¼úøɰɡصϣǾͿҪɾ
ӵʿǰ˱ֱй⻷һȦһȦģˣܣŪԼں޲ϡ
һһЦͷ¼һ¸ҸˣظʮοʽͬʱΪӼ¼
ûӦǣһ¾ƿˡĿתȥͿһȵ߽һǧȥˣԬѾˣڰȺˣ
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ӵվһһ󲽵˳ȥѥ֨֨һƬСǶš
˵ժӣҵѵף
žǳȥʿҲҶٶ֪ԼĿģλԬ˴ġĿǿɫѿͻȻƿڴǱģЩĵùԬʲôôıȵˣ̣ʳۣһҪģӾԼǿʲôԬӵһɢ
ʿǺȻӦͣʱǸһɢ˵ĶǵĶ

ʱڰ칫棬ԬִܡΧԱִڴʲôһ칫ãԳƵéĲ˹ȵȣǽϱ˵ֻˣһװζûСֻдſƮ졣
ԬԱ˼ˣԭһЩϳľ١ϵʱ޷ãͶԬߣεҧݻġ
֮ڣʮһĸʲԬԱĬĬӣУл𻨱Ž
ԬŲߵһĹǰͷһ顣ÿ棬ļȦͷؽǸհ׵ĵطʾһ֪Ҫһ˼
һֻһݿһʲǰǺһγأԬˣй£ᶯ
Ԭһ½ǶԱҲǺǺॵİεÿ˶֡
˭ûн©ˣ
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һҲβͣˣ
ԱԱһ߿ЦԬһЦй£˹ҲǾְأξзҴһ֧ǿָտɴԺҲҪ֧ӵ󣬿ˣ
ԱǷ׷ӦǣĵĻʡﶼ룬ӻץӡӣС˵
εʱѥһĽŲԬתͷͿһһȺ٣˽۹һԬת˹ȥ졣
ɣҲ峯ּĹԱǵɡ
һЦʣ˫ҪԬ֣ҲΧЩԼ߹Աǳ޵Ŀ⡣һȴһȺʽװװý١װһģÿ˶ͦΡñ͵͵ѹüģñ棬ǼʮݺݵĿ⡣ѥôŵ棬ÿ˶䡣⼸ʮ缸ʮѳĥһȺδĻ֮ʿ
ԬľЩɱһôĥ³ģ
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ο֣ͤǳԶֵúģεƽοֿͤɵöס죬Ǹú𡭡˵ģͬİǲ
Ԭһתˣּ⣡
һһЦ֡٣Ԭɫһ۾Ҫ
ο֣ͤҪֵͰȥ㰸Ժ߻ʵԶģҲû׼һ磬׼ں㰸Žּ͢ѵּ⣬Ҳ̫˲ǣ
˵ģתҪȥԬϺһˣò㰸ˣӣֻģ
һվͷԼȺ⺷ĵϵһۡһЦ΢΢һʾ⡣Ԭ̬ҪľĬȻͷһĹ
һڵϹֱӣԬԱŵĻƷ⣬вһ
ĹݣҪãٴΣҪʲôʱ򣬲ȡ
ԬȴҲһĸ꣬һʼͽסһһ£ȻٺԸοһҲǳһӲŴӾٹʾȻ˵û㰸õ֮òˡԬ˼ƽϢ滹Ц
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͢ʥͣôʼءūòſһθ߼һѪͷ
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ѳƽ¾øﳯ͢ί֮ͣʹ衣ʸԱ͢ƶȣͬɣ
ıͨ¾ˣƬֽ֪ᳯ͢ʹƽ£δɾǵܡԱ
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ʥͰ£һƬֻõк֮
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߱ӵһ챾ɫһ¸ա
ǰ¾ģԬԱ֮󣬿Ԭɫʾγű¾Щ٣Դ֮֮߻ʵԶĵطתһϴ϶ﻹпġһѰʽָӵ˳ͳǹȺлɤŶ󣺡һ֪ͬ˳ʲ͵֪Ĺٶүаˣ
ŵƺҪըֻһķڵϣһ
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һţ۾תſԬ
ղ뿴ԼٷӦģҪǵʱ򻹲άĬĬĿժʹǰѵˡɴͷѵһ
ǰԬȻʷһ㣬ЩȨҲֻȨѡ
Ԭֿޱȵ۽ҲʪˣһӡһͻȻһЦԬˣ˵ʲôأղڸ̫Ľ̻壬ĳȰ¾ԬҺúýѵǣţȻּȥùطȥ
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˵һһǧơһһЩ̳հ׵ľǶղſʼͻʹԬȴŵ¼ǵУûϣԬԱ¾вһŽղűŭ߳ţ˲һɢ׷һطٰң
ԬɣҪôܾźã
˵ĿⶼһһȴֻһЦɵĵʥ˵ףһûɾǾȳɾɾ֮ٷɲʹǳ͢ģֲһģôûԬ˵λã
תͷһݣ
º߹˵˫֮Աؽһһȵ±ѵ֮󣬽һʽɾǶȵɾһ죡
˵գתߡȺǾĿбӣں󲽳ȥһƬû˴ԬǰԱһ¡
֮УԬǡԱǻ࿴ɫѿԬȴɫĸ죬ü˼֮һ˰裬ֲɵô֪͢ɵʲôѣ

үضˣջ˵үûɡͬ·ƾ⳵ôҲСʱĵ飡
ϳĳڵĽһ°׳ǴӳϷջСѾЦӭүడôҲҪڲŻû뵽͵ˣõȵȣǴʦӣүˣڸߵĻôˣȺľĽ
Ǻһ˿Ǯ򣬳ŴַŵߣȻüЦĵлүͣǾǲŵĹ߶ƽӣڴЦһ£һ˽ĴóǮˡ󣬱ʢ̶ӣѾͨ
ſڻƿȣ׽ȴİڰ֣ԼĿԺȥǿջƻģڱ߽Уү費ɣ̲ô
Щӣ糾͵Ű
֮ڣʹž޿ƽһ·ת򵽱һ㴭Ϣʱ䶼ûԼ
һһ·Ϸ磬ƽһ˵һˡٳ˵ʵǳǣĵ˱ˮ̶׼ʼ¶ŷˮж
һ̨ǰ̣δʵڡѧͯ;ֱȾҪ˲ĿһЩȥţرӢܹܵӣȴڡŰȴû˴еʱŰӳ
̶̼죬ôҲǼż󳼣˵ȥ˼Ͷ˲Ϳ͡ʱԼǸһȻ棬ңɱôһس
һ˼ӻͻصԱ齵ĿջǮͲȥҪǣ͢ƺûԸһ˵ôǺãѵҪӳʳ˾ܣЩȥ
ҵŸո𲽰
⸡ǵүǶеѾ˺ӡǼֱԼں߽ԺŲ춯Ա˳Ҫ¾٣Ҫѧǻû·һǺһЩ˶£ǻݺݴǽйһķʱȴһӿߣһѧһİ칫ǧǲ壬ܲԱɫ꣬ġŬͷƽ˵ٻˣһλţ˵ľʶ˭Ҳ˵
ЦһھǶ˺˭ҵľʶˣ
䣬ǰһЦٴʶűδûо֮ꡭôҺȲ裿ԱҲ֪Ķģ˵ĹٻҼֱף
һ̧ͷͿǰһ곤ĺЦµŮľ䣬Ի˭
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ϰ񣬴ͷת뿪ЩձǿܱʦžѡʿҡҡλεĸϡɼϸĴЩˣƤڣ˺ͺ˵ƴȻж롣ȻΪϿѵ
ձ۹ʿɼ̲סеӯˣںѾа˰ձ۹ľˣϡںǲֻ»ļһССӰˡȻ赲ǵκж
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ʦ˶ڵſһЦطڽһɾ֮ȴǷƽ˾ԱǶץʱѹΣָĿľ˰ٳһʱʵûԴԴ͹ǵҲһʤһյĹһһڳʱղ࣬һץɣ
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һӵľǰԶſŵʿȥź𡣳ЩӾ٣걾ЭľҲˡЩӵѵССľǿò٣еʱһֳҲ֪ڹ۲ʲô
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ݻҵôά֣һô붼Ϊѵ顣
һһܳסĿǰΪֹǼвСһû躻ʾƴҲҪһҵ˼λһ͵ͷҲǺ顣Цһеĳûлɹһһ߳
ֻǵ߳˭޵ס
һӹ籨ҴҲ𿪣һĿʮеĿꡣϸһ顣
¹ȻϣǳˡóʱֻҪ»ңָԼȡ˰ʱ䣡
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һһЦΪĻӻ֡˭Խ裬ǲմ˵ı߶˺׹ìܣֻ᲻ɻ⡣ڵҪվȣ
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ƺССĳϿջ㼯ԽԽܣԽԽ
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డǰܲܲˡ̫飬޷ˡ
żһ̧ͷͬߵƷڣеƷ϶֡Զŵ飬֮ƴһ㡣
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һĺٴθıʷʷ̣ҲܵԽԽӰ졣

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Լ̵ְֽЩ˼ʦһЩӻ˵Ĳ״ղһվҺ޲ûǣ
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һԺͬһƺץסʲôȻǿǰô
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ҹһУֱǳѪܵجΡ
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Ÿʲڣÿ˶Ǻǹʵʮıÿ񾭶ýġ˳ȥֻǹ졣Ȼо͹ǿûֿţ˽ҵ׽еһˡżԱ̧Աıʿһ۾Ѫ죬˶һɱû˸Ҵȥһ仰ﶼƣ浽ɱʲôģˣ棬һǶŵͼڤ˼룬ָͷ૵ʱ䡣ֵʲô㣿
Щӣ͸ʲŶͦø߸߶ġԭЩճ羴Ŀ¡ûֱ׳üԺ˲áǱôգ
ʲôʱ˲ſϷҲȥǹѪ
ǹ˼ʱͿһɧȺҷֿͿһ߼ٴ¾ٿ˹
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վڵϣЦժñӣԴɫһ£ܾųǹԼ˱ӵġУܶѧٳĶûбӣҲΪûӿԴǴӱģֻгǹԴ
ֻЦıүҴԶĻ˻ܼ˭Ҫүҽλʶһ¶
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δ䣬Ϳһƣ̽һԴɫҲɫġյûӰ۴ģ˼ӡüͷƤЦﶺӵĳСӸҹ𣬻ϻ
һЦžһһͷʽ񡣳һ֣󲽵ľ˽ȥֻһԼϾ
Ǻ¡¡߽ÿ϶һԹģѵãǸ࣬ҲǿʤһӪӪǹӵءһԹˣȻࡣ
ӲٵҪˣǾΪſǹӣһ̶ʷϣһֱѹһͷڿɺãԺҪβˣһʼһ͸ǹľУЩʢѧľǣӪ˶١һһҹ֮󣬴ǰ߸ϻͻȻǴӪٶӹһ˾ǴһջģԵüӱĴݻһصĶţƺҪһ֪ж಻ˬƵġ
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һһһҹһȦΡٶԹ֪ľͳȥ
Ĵˣδۡ
һƬУһͷҲصĵʵսΣ
һЦʬɽѪЭЭѾɳ̬ƣѾȡ硣ҽָȨƽݣʹһӪĵֻˣΣóʼһ꣡
һʬɽѪþǵԹˣ׷װԹĿһӰ
ˣԹˣǿеͷɣ
һתҲЩٵֻǶų֪֪ҽʲô
ҲֱֱĶĿ⣬̹Ȼһ
ӪӷӪأһӪӪÿ׼Ҫ೤ʱ䣿
ش˵ĻСʱ
һһҹǴȫװҩоԶ
һٶʮ
һ࿴ţеĽ˴ˣ׼ǿоǲǷ˱ļڣҪԶ̱Ϯ
ɽصΣҲųɾ˵һһҹǿоһٶʮѾ˵ˡǶģһԵ
һһ΢΢ҡͷ쵼ԽԽͨˣһ·ǾĶǹû㱾ǾͷϲӪһ࣬սҵʱ
ҹ˰ɽ·ÿ죬ҪϮһʮ
оٶһ𣬴һ֧¾ȫװһһʮǿ¾һʮСʱÿСʱҪ幫һǳɽأ˾Ҫʲô
˵ĿⶼͼͶȥƽͺ֮䣬һĵ·棬ԼԼĽ˰ǴƽϮǵľ룡
ʱƽսݱһȴҪӪһǧپʿֱ˺Ƕȥ
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һԼһִЩǣ˼ҾǧפƽⱩһڶԭֻһĻݣҴڱʣںǸ֮ٴ룡֮ңǰһһһ䷢ûеڶ֧ںƽˣ
»ǸһһֻժӵĶӣӵıȨ棬ûҲʧߡһʧأֱɽͶŻ󿪡ƺȥǲҵ棬ţһ֧ӣںǡҲֱ׳ѧ˭Ҳ֪᲻ᲨǣΪʵǱ뱣ǵİȫΪ룡
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ʱ䣬ܸܲϵ
԰գվñֱģĶų
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뺺ǣΪȨڳעҲȫƽһǸģ˹ģ쳣Ŀ顣
һУȻ˻ᡣֻҪ취ƽһںǣΪΪ伸ξ伸ΣһɹôҲ޷ƽձͻܿ롣սҲǰ
ãʹϣжѧôһһȼ˸ɲݶѡŪУǼ׵顣ѧ£ʷ˼ꡣ
ΪͻĻᣬһƾֵĻᣡ
ǰʱ棬Ϊ˺ʱܣǿƶɾ¡ò裬¡ѾΥ˹ٳͨе׼򡣷ͷǿ˲Ŀ⵽ǺȻ顣ͷϻ»ôʹ»дȻھ⣬סԬ»˳Σڳʵ»ǿûʲôûֶΣܲھͳ췴ɣһúѿԶԶûеʱء
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һĻѾѪڣ˹ȻǸ߿һһۣɱ˰ǿ򺺳ǡǿһ֮ĸ磿˵ĿⶼͶͲԼٸϽ
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ҿɲܵ°˴룬һҪء

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һӶ磬ɢĲӼһȥн·ߣʱ䣬פλáˮһ㷢ȥ
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˶ƣۣżģ߸ѹĲ״סʱֻзţҩִЩ顣˾͸һĴ̵·Բ̬ȣгľòָת
ôһ֧±ѵ£սһ£µòµĲӡ̶죬ʹӷɢɨ˶ԱƽĺΧ̬ƣ
λãƺΪԤõġ͵ȥˡ
ڲ棬ûгĺԵû¶Ҳϲһաһƽʱ̬ºͣҲһЩ㣬ٵϵٺһЦһҲ˵ӵĽСǶݣһװӴԼºһء
о٣ⳡѪеõ飬ҵԼӦλá
ţǲǿԷˣҿЩѧûӳһЭĲıŵݷ˽顣
Эһ棬ҲɽվñֱԶ۾ĴŶ档
Ӫһ뻡ǰƽеӲҷȥԽۼԽࡣǵһСӱϣ֪ΪʲôȴٲˣӪҲʼļᣬɰΧ̬ơǶš
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ӪвǹѾ˴̵ӶѧͽͿһƬ
ģԽԽֱ˺õǺϸֱ棬ȴһʫ
ǧѪ̼ոࡣʱ䣬ߴԹߡԹߣԹߣ
һֱصѾ˵ĵͽҲվֱӡ
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ݷԶɫƽ˯ѣǿƽָⳡҵĴӪˡҪץסЩʣڳʱҪá
ǶĬݵԸӪ٣档ʲôģҽ˰ɣƽô̵ºӣ
ıǻһʱû˶
ݿǣתԼʿȥʿǣŵһͷЩҲǲŽ˲ٳѵĲıǡ
ϣѵõһ飬ȴ˵ʲôֻеĿ⣬һ
ҪסĸľӣֻҪΪԼ棬ҲԼµǰ

ǣҹɫѾ⣬ҲѾ˼֡
οղ󳼹Ժææµµ׼šһ·ҪõĶϢİȥÿ˶æͷ󺹣Ѳٶǣڶ鵱ȥָš
ŵǴ˵ˮ̴ģģ
ͰǸģˣ˭ŵģ˵ǳ˷¶
ƣƣˣԭӵϽѣǧᵽǻ˵ã׷Ĺƣ·ŵлӣλȥ
Ƕææµµذʱײһ𣬾ǸֿͻȻ䲻֪˭һˣ˶ʱæĴǧȥˣ
ҹɫУȻ»һˮ̴ŵ·֮£һҡڵĹ񣬻İ˰֡
ٴղ鲻
߻һԭϽ湫ίԱֻ»ķԸ
˰죬ǻղĴߣɷƬӡñΪһںǣ׼һĶ񣬿ɲ֪·ˣ
ίԱæӦ
»ЦЦֽ˵һţȥѵίԱȴ۾ļһ䣺ˣһںǵʱʲôʣ˭ʾ
»һ³ҲˣʲôʣʲôʣذµĹ컹ǶϽˣҲھͲӦˣžˣô׵飬Ҫǣǻ쵰ȥҲǰѽΪסǣ뿪¹Ҫ˭͸¶뿪ķҲΰģӲʹӾ;ˡǾԱģײף
ίԱĺ鶼ˣƨҲҶšΨΨľȥ
»û˳̵飬ˮ̴١ɢĥݡ
һһŵסԬ°˵ԹôĴһɽݶӻٳأܸס
̧ͷֿǵҹգһ㸡ƣһڰУǰ
ôСӶʺĵطʲô¶ˣ
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ڶʮ ֣ϣ
ҹɫҹյе͵͵Ĵѹšʱյй
ʵ꼾ڵ
ǽֵ棬ǰĴε죬ǺġͷһƬڰֻ𡣴˶˽ֽǣУԵÿյְġԶˮҲ˲ΣںڰзĴŽ
뾰ǺԶĵطһĴլԭڳʿһ󳼵Ĳҵ±俪ҰܣڴԺıУλҾȥլҲշΪֹĴԣҲûռסԶǾĵĻķƺʹδ˼ڹһ㡣ΪɭϢż˾ƵԶԶģӿٶȿ첽ͨ
꽫ҹլȴ춯ƺԭ˵꣬Ŵؼһ㡣
լ棬ȴǵƻͨǴĵط˺ڲڵһҲ͸ȥĶˣ׻ÿ˶ɫţŶװûڽ̸ֻĬ
һ綼͸ϱǰȣ湩㰸ϵ̻Ե÷Ļǣÿ˶ĴϢҲ֪Ϊãǽţеͨ죬һʱŲסҪεȥӡ
ٸˣھĵȴš
ݺͨĽŲͻȻʮˢһ¾վЩ˵в˿ŵӣһŸС۾ŶװűŤеĹҵģŵĿ϶ǹ֮еﻹŰײĳαУָǼҴıʳƽվã䱸ϳڣͬ裬ںǸ֮أȴôܼװţ
߳ǽӾТˡͬŶװײڱ󣬽εסɱڣ˲ұӡһʽĿӣ棬һһǹ滹һӵڱһѳʿձ꣬мǸɣѧҲ൱ǰسȻѾһװݵӣ
ӾТ߾ˣȻҲŶװǻӡһѹü棬ƺ±˿һ߳ʱȶ΢΢
ĿӵһɨžľͲֱȡ˶һɧΪŵ˶վ᷿ҲͨͨӿݣԽԽࡣ˵춯е˼ǰ棬ŽģᶼҪ
ЩǼ±֮ȻڳʵĿ࣡
ǴͶɢǻ⵽ȴҪά֣ڹڳһ붼ʣǰ;٣е˻һƶϴ˰꣬͵ôһĻᣡ
ڣ̴ֵֶ٣ÿ˵ĶĤˣڵȵ˽죡ԶƽѾ˶ѧµҵСصأѾȫʿǱ͸ıĸᣡ
͵һ֣ԺЮִ£շǡһǧпѹδ塣ǵĽձ۹ѾȻά¿ȷĵ·档ǾǵİڴԺͳ£ǾȻҪܵѹڣҲѾ̣ڿԶԶǾȻҪɫ£жѵܴ裡
Խ˵Խ죬ȻǵͳÿǴ汬һ
ҳʥǧ续ɽʷϣĶ벿֣ҸĹͷɽǵʥɽƺǵںǧԽȴЩűӵҰˣռǵȡǵĻڻ̾ϣѪɱˣӶᣡӣһҲȥˣԺūϥҲҲȥˣǱվؽձЯ֣ٹ⣡Ǵ½ҵĽ£
ʣǿ
Ҳ˵ȥ۾ˮʱǿתȥŹ㰸㰸ǰ棬ŵǳʷΪΰڴȻİ¡ӾТΪĸ֣ŻŵĸĶ
ȫȻլһƬֻż
͵͸ڵĺڲÿɫһƬҰסתҧʱģ
Ȼը죬ԶӲ

ںǽͷһƬûִˮϵͳĹϳУˮѾȫûʱȣеʪϵڳϿը죬ŴŵƣͲѹڳ档
ͷϡ٣ֻżмŶңܵһİգѵˮ
һձʹݻռǵһƬˮдͲ£ĿԦԵ÷ƥӺ棬һӴձʹӡŲǹĲصĻˮͲ£档
棬ʽʹġձʹɼ壬Ȼôӵ£Ҫȥʵݹ顣
ԽԽ򣬴б¶˶۾һֱ˾ǰ棬ſѾҵԱʪܵȺֽɡ͸εòӡ߸ŵӭ飬һñӣǱڴȺһʪ䵽˹档ЩԱƽɼʹѾһѪͷڼȵСƣʵʲô飿
ſڣűٶ֣æĲˮӭڱгɤӴ󺰣ʹˣ̫ºڽ̩ȺλСʹתԹʹ˵ʺʵˣ
ǹٶ˻ߣűˮֱ࣬ʵǱ˼㡣ͣھſڣ³򿪲šͼɼʽķһ½˺ôˮҲñѹõ͵͵ֱüģϷӣȫϵı顣ʵ̫󣬲һ³̾ͱܵ͸ʪȴܲˣͷŸǶһʲôЩʿʱܵǽˮվšļס˾Ĵšſڵĳʱ˭¶վţձʹӵľٶǿÿһ¡
ɼ忴Լʿλ͵һ֣ˮֱжȥת۾Ѿ˽̩ǰĳ֮ǰʢװʹŮȺһһĶ񣬻һڵϣһ˫׹Ьɼҡڵ˦˷£ϸˬĶֻЬӡһߵȺǸæһͷǰ·
ɼ壬ֻˮһ·һ·żʷƺǵһһ㡣
ĻĽڵĽڵסģģġˮôͭķ֮ϣܼСԶô꣬ҲôꡭձںϵˣҪΪձ۹
ɼںʮ꾭ӪƺǵŴ˿̡
̩ǰˡ

˵ǳͳεôͳġȴǳ󳼴ԺĹۡ
ԺgӦʱ׼˯ءһ꣬Ϩȡ˾Щ⣬ߵеɫϽŮgӦ齼һӡַһĲŷ׼˯
ԺۡռأȾҲСȥˡҪֱڳ£ǴԺµ׵Ķӣʮ꼴λһֱͷӰСû뵽ȢǸϱȴĲʡġǸŮ˻ôȨҪүᳯʵʵͳδȨ
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䣬һٷɱ˾ɵмǸɣүӸүȽȻ˳һͷײӪ档Ž죬ӵǹ֮ɢǴᶨ˴ԺġŴĴȣɱһƽȻЩǹ죬ɲǺģ
Ӽ䷭֮˾ŵүҲץɱ˿ˡìͷֱָȥȴԼǸͿĶӲʱүҲţԼһûĶӣͿأǼٺͿôȨƽһҲˣ
Ȼδ˥Ҳʵ֮࣬꣬үǹˡҲࡣ֮꣬ôȥԼ֮󣬹ʻʲôģء仯̫죬Ѿͷ⣬ҲӦˡ
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ˮǰˮ£֯һǽͥԺľɫģģġ
ʵδһԶͿѽ
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ͷֻǳĬһʱȻóˡŲ檵𣺡ү
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ֵһӹ˴ԺԺһվˡ͸ŵȽһ˵ϡ

Ϊʲô֣ôֵģ׷ʲô飿ȵĿ־壬ͷȭͷʹ׷ʲô飡
ɱԽԽ죬Ѿǿ񱩵ĳײŵҲƵƵԺӸŶҵͱϳ۷һҺſӿȥее޴ǸȴԺӽʹŮÿ˶ɥǵģеϻѪ죬ûͷӬһҴܡԺѾܳԼԷԺӣѾӵʮ֪˭һѵ兩Ժʧ北ǳſڱȥǶٻеפһһղڣֻҪҵˣҲͰȫˣ
ʱԺֻôһͷǲųԺӭžžһǹǹİһƬڳܵģڴԺߵʿǵ˺üдԺֻǳ濴һֻۣԺĴѾײһȺͷŰײ׳ӿ˵Ķʬ壬еˣƴѪˮɺһƬѾҵ˼㡣
ӵವӹԺȴѾɵһ㣬諒һʿСٷӦÿһЩż˼Ժߣ£ǽȥȥղ
ԺѾû˷ӦˮѾܵ͸ʪͷҳһţƲסĲ
ףȵĿͽǴðģôһôͻȻͱӣ
ˣ


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Ժˮȥһе٩٩̸ӾТٿͽ϶ıɫӾТҲɫ·ûԺʹһ㡣
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˶ûլۡΧĲҽƺֻˮˢŴصĻ졣
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һѣ˵Ķ鲻ҪǺȡϵȡЭƽҵĴ֡ôһУֶһӰ
֪ɼ幫ʹǣǲʵ˾룿
ÿ˶һ˼ǰ񱼣ٶ֮죬϶ʹתһֽǣͿһӺӪάΰʿҲһתžȥ׼ȥġ飬ײϣ
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ת˼䣬Ŀ޺ҲѾԽԽ󡣵˽Ŷӵʱ򡣲Ļжĺǰ
ˣɤŴ󺰣ǿǽλ»ڲڹУ
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쵰ΪʲôҪūԯͷֺã
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ɫƽúܣ۾һĻŵľñͷϡǱˡŬɡʣҪֱڵ۹УűȽϷġ


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ԽԽ죬»һѳ߸ŵӣ󲽵ľ˳ȥûžʹĻ쵰
⼸ŤһţŤŵǴóʵװˣһɫǣվԱߣ޴롣ЩҲܵõ˱죬ĴŴ»ֵµһ߶ֻһ֡
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»Ȼ֪ǰƽɳˣŽɱһˣƽͺǵĵ·ʹ˳ȥʱѾ죬죬ǽձȡʱ䣡
ǶʱһƬհסһȨСˡڳƽѹûоͬ⣬ҲûоȫȨοղͬ⣡鷢͢飬ôһñӣΥڳʶԼȫ˳ΨһķҲñΣ˵͵ûĵ볯ʣ
ȻԼֵһεȻءⶼҪǵ飬Ҫ¶ǵøϽȥң
˵ˣƽɱʬɽѪǧ֮ôȥðأ
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СʱĹѾʰϡðͷͳǷߡ»ΪڸǵĶĿñ֪뿪Ǹƽ˺ǵƽ֮䣬һĻƧٵ·ҲǺܺߣӵˮ͹ˡɽˮȥʱӱߡ°ҹҲ·˶ǽп죬ٴ˧Ƿν
˺»Ҳס¾վĴߴǿߡߵõײײʱǰͻȻ󺰳ˣ
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ԻһЩЩѾΣŲȥˡÿһƥ£Ա߾ʿͺԥĽһϿȡ
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һԼԼĹĶӶƮ˹ǣҲǵͬıһ﷢ǵͬ˵ģŬǰצۣƽȹǵͬںǣֵˣ
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꣬ҹѡ⵽ǲһξ
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챣ӣǧҪʲô飡

»뿪ղԯʱһ̻̲յա
캺ǵıңǹصЩϽ棬ͨǸɥԼİȫǵûʲôĵģղԯ֧ССӶ»ˡ˻ǲҵЩϹ⽻Աġʱһ֧ǵİȫںˣ֮ĹԱҲղԯͼȫ
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ǶһϺʹڷϵȻ֮䱣ƽ⡣ΣϵղµԱԱûһܱסǵλãͷϵĶӣ
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ղ˳ʣ»ʱȻںǣôˡ
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˶ʱŴˣǹȴԽԽܡԶһֱ˹һҽУһֱҹգ
һһűƿĻʱ͸˽ſڹһѪܵʬ壬ǵĳʴӾ١
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źǳǹҲͬһĻѪȻ档
Ÿſʬ廹ûʰϣѪûȫˢǹսھſڱ
ЭձʹӣͻȻõԮ֮󣬵תǹڣЩҿ
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ڽ̩ſڣվӰɼͽ˶ɫ࣬۾ˮ
ʿͣס˽Ųָӹٵһһǹļϡ߷ֿͿϲʩʩȻıִ˹ȥ
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һͻȻ߱ߣڳ統չһצĲ
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ÿ˶Ѿǽƣɫ԰סҹǿоϢڴ굱СеЬܵе˰ɢһǧˣӪĶ顣ڻڶееģһǧˡģѾˡҩرȫʱʮƥ׳ûһƥʣ¡ļܻǹɢ˿ǿ׳ʿͷ
˵Ľŵ£ǳƬѪݡ
ʿйũӵܵĴͣѾγһĶԼķӣϾǵĹ죬˰˰ٻĵ·
PSʱ˰ٻ൱ʮ๫
һ٣϶ǷʩģǼֲ
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һ٣Ǻǳͬʳһ˯ˮҲֲ

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ǰǸ٣ͻȻӡֻΪ߲ˣæסǾȴһ˦֣·СȥҲ֪ôʣЩġ
Ǿվ棬ժԶԶȥ
˾ԶıĿУڵĺϣһеǰ
ʮ¶ʮЭһӪڹ½ҫжŽ¼ǰһǧཫʿ˽ʷĺ
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죬ŵˮǺɫġ⣬ʰɥǡǵӪ;ѾûͷӬһ㣬ھԺǹʱѾ֪ô졣ҵУ˲ҽки˳û٣ֱĴݣɢڸЩӪӪǣҲºſֱееģ
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ݵİʱݵüԺԲƣһ죬һҹƺעҪúĳѪУҹɫŽûжãͷ־˴̶ǹԶϯǵҹգ
ͷģƤѥӲ̴ٵĿһŵǹ
δĻ棬һŵҹյ𡣻⵱УӰ㿡޺ıεЩǣͼָͼ˽ô¡Ǵܹȥʱӭǵľǵصĵ꣡
ѵľӣ¿ʼƻǿЩνġ־ʿԱġںǾУͿһ֧֧ʿɵķֶӣںǽͷСȫƺںң֮ʬ壬֮ǻ𡣻ţǿҵȿڻ־硣ȻδȫͣЪһֺֺڵ㣡
ǵıˣӪ߽⣬ԼҲҪѵ񣬻߸ɴͳ˱ͽ𸽽Ĵ峯פղԯҲʱ򡣺ǾһҲʧȥЪ˹ĿҵС
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ϰԵĸֳ㳰ЦݣǣȻѾ˰ʶѧ£ôһһõطʣѾΪеģ˴Ϊѧıңƽȴû뵽Ѿһϵ˺ǣ
ѻȸģ̺ŵģȴźͰ
ǧｭɽĵУǼȻǵĵ̣˭£Ҫǽ𲻴ӦѾס˱泯ʣڣڵǾ򣡡
ԸΪ˺;ЧһƬͳӦ
һЦʵҲѾ۵ֱˡ֪ǿоս־Ȼ߰Ѿǿ֮ĩһʱϢôͻ᳹ɵûһָھҪһ־δ˥˵ʱһƽǵ
ĥ£漣Զ̱Ϯǿ򺺳ǣһ֧񲿶ӵ
δйľء
һӪǹȫӪݱͳգ;ͣϢֱ˾ʲôֿǳ˻ձˣһŻ̵·ɱȥ˵ǵĿ꣬ǿƾУļܻǹȫǡûУ
ǣһȴӦ⺺ϣƺʹľһ㡣
ڶӪɢӪӿƺˮ籨ӿƷղԯ߶Ӽձפǹʹݣ˶ж;һеֿӵʹ̵źˣֻԼֱ߽κһһľκܣ
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ǣѾңôñҵ˿סƣǶвڣʶãֻҪºǣôκҶа취Ӧ
ˣİǵˣ
һƬ̻еĺǣ澿ʲôһ
ҡҡͷ׿߰˼ȻѡΪһЧô̤ʵİϵĻɡţһЩļһʧġ
Ϊ֧֮ӣʷ̫¡ҪʿǵʱȥֻоٴͷǶһ̵ֽģ˭ηǰʱ򺰵ǸҳǸϡһЦס˿ڣһ֣
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תȥԶеĺǡ
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ǽͷһձʹӵʿǣѲߡһҹıÿ˵ľѾѪཬӵһξʽָӵ
ǵ񣬾ȫѲְܵģЩδõĿԱǡҹÿʿȥŵӵ̵ѥǾ޺ŷ׷߱ܡһеΪúÿ䣬һҡ
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ҪǣҪǣҲͬʱҪЩĸֳȫ֧ӾТ󳼵ľ
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׶ľǵľѥʹ̵£ҪҪǸǣչ֣
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ЩũӵܳѾѵɻһʿ޷ǳĿеʿ黳ġСξȻҲûָܹ⡣ƲһЦ󲽵׼·档ͻȻ˶ɫһǶ棬Ҳľѥٵ˶
ѵһ֧Ѳߵվ飬ǻѲ߷ΧСξָӵԥŲû´ȫԱ䱸ʿȴԼɫĵɢһЩΡսеĲǹ
ĽŲضԱǵֻ࣡һֶӵĹģѣʮǹ
ת˲飬խĽֵһͷͻȻӿһȺȺŻɫƷʿ˶ͷŲǹҧݼܲǰǰ棬мŰ·ĳƽڸǴ·
ײ˸棬ҶһĲӿЩ¾ˣеĲǹ̵Ϲŵʶ죬ձˣͬҲ֧ŵıӣ
Сձ
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СξĿ˲Ť½ҫڹͬҲɴ۾ʽӽָӵͬʱ

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ھĴ߾ſھëɪתۼͽֵðôͻȻ˫û뵽εΣʶľָѹԷ
棬ǹʱԲһ㡣ȴǱȻǹʱսҪʮ׵ģľ룡
䵱У˫͵Уϵ˺Ҳߵĵ¡վƳӣиĲǹ˶䣬ԶΪλ򾰸ͻϣԶԶЩںڵվѲ߷ֶӵġ
СξһƬڵߵİ̵УӵವӹľͷһӲվšȻûбУֻǸоԼǹԽԽϡ١ʱ㷴ӦһͷſڵϣɤŴ󺰣ɢɢΣ
ǻشĺеģֻǶԽԽܼǹ̵УͿһŵǹС壬ָӵҲˡԺоʣһͷʲôʱӵŻԼ
ķ˼ӣűӦĽǽͣɢȥϺ˵Ѿȫʬ塣ձֶӻˣǰĽʿҲмҴġĶ鲻ϵӿӹٽ绹ڴ󺰣½ҫУ½Ƥ
ղŶ䵱һֱڽֵԱߵ½ҫаżӹ٣
ͷ󺹣赽ôһ飿
½ҫҲǶţձˣձ˵ľӣ͵һİƣֲЩϰտǸžһԭձ֣㣡Ƿɱǣϵܣ¿ǹսˣ
Ǹֶ֧֮ɱ뺺ǣŸԷĿǰ;ԴԴϵĴӺӳϰաЩտЩűӵľ˵ƵġͿͷͨʿĳˮƽҲǰꤲתת˼ܴˮ׼ǵ׷ʲô飬ǵ˭ңҲʲˬƼ˾ʹ󺰼䣺
û뵽ǾȻˣĴǾͳȥ˺ͿһҺĲ״ÿ˶˾ȻƽϵҲбң֧棡·ϵòԩ
վѲ߷ֶӣ֡͸ˣСձӣҶȡķʣŽû
һƵñӣʰˣ˻رţձңģǰ
˵䣬Ϳ浱һձ٣ϾȻһѪ˺۶ûУղŵ̻ҩѬڣž˺ѷεĺ󲽵ľͳ˹
ӭһ꣬һǳμѪˡӦҲʮӵ˹ȥʱձٴת˼Ȧӣˤ
ݺݵһĭã


ڶʮ ֣У
ձʹѾǺġԺ⣬ȫǱȥձʿƤѥȵؿ֨֨죬ˮĽÿ˶ɫŶ˷ܣľǿıʿϳĬסǵļĿһӣȫļ
۹ҵʹӴ˿̿ʼ
ϲѾӾձʹΪ۹½ϯıֵĲԸԲٳһСھͨӾТձջᡣҲ̫ϴнʿС
ں棬Ѿ˾ϺͷĽǰƮţǰȱáϲʲô飬·Ҳٶŵĳʷ糱һֲ߻ġ
۹ڻ·˰Ѿȫ˹ڵͷɽȾ־ʿǻҪ۹ȫԵ·ȥȴֲ֪ЩҪٵʱ䣿
ᶼݼţᣬǴԼڳʲս͵ξ档۹սûᣡΪˣϧ˶ͬµĽȻźϧòΪ
ϲľ˲豭Ųɫ˼ַɻ˹ڡ
ָһУɽش󳼲ûиǳȷָʾʾûСŵͷĶˡˣȨףʼЯǿǻ½Ѿ޷ͣͬϣõšο˵Ȼƶ˵Ρõ۹ڳΪԼ˿ʼսϢһعڣߵĿ󳼣½ĳݷʿдСС˼ţбò֧ǣϣձСгѳĸزƷҲŷ̺ձҰ֮һ𣬿ʼΪδʮ֮ܶ
۹δڱ뽫Ǳɵ۹Ŀɿءǵ۹ǧ굺˵ıȻ·
ʽǿҷӦǵıڶɽľ߾ȵַŵ½ڱˮʦ£ȫάסŻİȫǸʱ򣬵۹뽫½ԶʣֻҪںǻѵٸӪװǹڵ½ɥ
ҲڳʲȡȻֶΣԶԵȣʹһϵֶθ֮ڡٷӦʡձڵΣʼȻĶԱ
һϵֶһһʵǴн˶ʮԶǾо갷鱨ռսԲۺϣȫѪ֮ڣ
ϴ˭ʶģĶ֣
ô
ڲ輸պһ㽦Ĳˮдһ֣΢Цҡͷ
Ѿʱֻ縡Ƥʲݵ˽⡣絽׽˺̶ֳȣҵսϣҪﵽһֺεģĸ߶ȣȫ˽ء£ѾǴ׵һ
ģأ
һͲֻҪʾƲܶʱƽȻŭڳɥʧӣͱҪеСձ֮ǰӡ׵ˣ֪ʵʵˣҲ˵սڳʣԱĻɣ
ֻҪʱ򺺳ǻУôͿžƳҪĵطٻȥֱȦףֱ۹ʼԱ
˭ܹںֹ
ָڲ輸ʶĻţȵ˼ŷԼһ֡
͵վݺݵĶǸ֡ҲԼΪʲôҪд֡ͻȻĸݺݵһв豭ˮĽƮɢ˼ˮݡ
쵰Ϊ˲һ
ʹԼʱһңԶǹͻȻԶƮ·͸˺ǳĬĿǹէƺǴûзһ㡣нϸţͻȻ˺ңٻӣΣΣɼ幫ʹھôȥ
ĻӾͻȻʼǹ

ľѥصķ棬̷˿֨֨⺷ʿһĴԽŰ˰ʽǹýģ˺Ψһˮ籨СǹӵżವĴӿлĺХ
վźɫʬ壬˵ڷ档ﲻվرص㣬ֶӵĹģӪӰٶʿǿϮʿ˷ֳ嶯ټ³çһѷӿȥվʿûǹͿһλεĴ̵ӿǰʿǼûǹҵͱձʿֱĿĶ򷨶ģ
촫ǿоʿǣʿһ΢״̬Ϊ缸ûʲô赲סǡʿԲǳ̬پϢ֮Ҳܿȥƫƫʱη嵽˼
ӵȺеʱģҲǲɸƵġ
ߴӵŵһȺӹڹǣÿ˶û˲ǵʱһȳһյ̬ܵ÷һҲƣﻹһ㣬һԼĳ棬û뵽Ųصĸӿ˽ȥ
ģӣֹۣһ󲽵ľ߽ˮ籨档
Ǻɭɭģĵ籨ֽӵõǣһ߻ѾˣĻáձЩ󲿷ҲǴũļʿͻȻϮʱûüݻЩִĻְԱΧһһ򵹵ְԱžĿЩűӵʿӿĿ⵱ж¶־ϲĹâ
ʿˣ⺺ǵҾҲùȥ˰ɣ
ǣǵǴģ
æѧǷ־ϲţˮ籨ãͷһһ˵ΨһĻǾҪʶ峯Ĺֶͨϣ峯֪͢ڳƽҵľһĽ
»ΣһͳղƲ⣬ǸϵǣĵƵĵزôλղ󳼣Ҳǲڵ
û˵ǹͻȻ;ҵ±Զģȴоҵ˼Ȼǽ뺺·ֿĿָ꣬򾰸ĽһӪѾˣΣﵹҲȥ룬ǿȵоͣȻϷǿϮѾ
ҳ棬ԺͳȫѾһѣձʿѾಲ侳֪նʲôزǧôһУҪձսܻܲƾ֣ϡ
ǹԽԽԽԽͣ򵽺ǹһ硣ְԱѾһſ˵ϡƣż˷ܶЩľľʱƺЩӦе㲻ĻǺʱʶҪƵǶôһУ
һһŻõӣ𵶵кӼϰ˶ڣԮ̵ģһʲôģСձ˴̵Ҳǻ˭ҲûԴ
Ӷӹٱѧֱͬһ۳촽˵ЦŰ֣ȥڹҵˣһҵֹͣ㻹Ҫ
ͬʱ˷ܵĴӦǣǹһĴܽȥûžͳɤŴ£ϣϣȥ
ĽŲ춯һЦߵı걾٣ֽûУҵøдݵ籨ǻڹģ
걾ٻû𻰶籨һʽƷȴųľְԱæӭʮͣҲݵǵ㽦ŵĶѪǱĵĴӰ칫ʰϺõֽ˫ֹķϣĵͷ
һЦӹǸְԱʵϹˣǲǵСǡǴƽһ·ɱģ
б۾ЦǻĽɱ˰ǲƨɵġʲôʱձģ
ǳְԱûд𻰣ſڽŲҡ߼ѾγǹĿתȥͿӵĶӹٻҵĳ˽ץһѶһǧʹȥ
ˣղԯѾճһƬ׵أǵȫˣҲղ˵Ӱ̯֣ɫ״ŤɫԱƷϵĶӣ
˶һɧ˶ŭݡձСȻˣɱղ»Щ¾ĿΣⶼڴϺݺݵһƣ
һӾվɫƺҪγˮǹһһĴԵڰֻʣ´صĴϢͨһȴǸղźͳ𻰵ĳʵ籨ְԱһ
ĴǶӹһӣϸƣѾȫձΣֱ治ԭƷˡ
ڵĺǣֻҽѽ˰ˣϵһУȴܲ棿
˶ųرǴӷղԯ𳡸ϻЩǡƶǶԣģ塣ǰ裬峯ںǵͳκۼûӰڵǹ𣬶ƣֽšڵ죬ľλһ˶ӣǰķ򣬾ҪλһԶ

ſڣѾ˽ݡֳʷеļҾ߰ѾѻſڡŸ߶ñźɫŰɫȵձ̨ܱѡͦڽݺֻ¶һԴ
ǹѾȫǶһĳžſڻ㼯ھɼ幫ʹ̨ܱһλӾТЩ߹ܡǹʱѾ½ձɢ˻Ǿ̵ĻرѾӸɱ˺֮ڣڸչǹս
Щɼ幫ʹϤЩźŹӣŰͷǴʽװߣʹʽǹжݶ⺷ȫ¾ӣ
֧ӣǴðģΪʲôô̶̵һĥЦʱ䶼ǣнĿģڳʱϲ𣬾ϣܹںγɾԵĿƣҲҪ̫ʱ䣡
ɼ幫ʹھ֮ڣǱվʿ粽롣ǷĽǻӿһЩڽ̩ڡɼڽ̩;ſͷţúȹҲơǹ֮󣬸ӳĬӾТʲôֶΣǾǲϵͷǱûнܵſرеȴнԮһӹȥǱҲûеȵֻǹԽԽ
Ũһٴð𣬲ִ֪˻𡣺죬һֱһ񱩵ļвɼϹǽԼѾǻĿҲ֪ʲô򿴣ֻͷһ
ĽﵱͻȻ˶ݶҵдĽŲײ˵ĺձ˵ĲҽлһţΧﲼõǰλƺת۾ͱû
ɼֻǴſǰһУƺʱɥʧжϺ;ϵԺǽнصվ̨ܱĹٱǣһס˺ֻиָӾĴİγձʽľ
ղŵһҵǹݵͣһ˲˻ûзӦͿתѪձʿײײĳԼݱܶ
ݺʿʶֱӣӦǽӲһȫסǵһɫӿХ
Ŵܾñװ룬װŸѥʿƺ޾һĴӽг˳
ڶǰģǼùֵľ٣첲涼źɫʶǹǹؿڣÿ˶һӶǹѪ۾ĶŶľǽŴƺź
ǱǴһҫĴ̵
˵ƺΪɼļ䵱УʱӦûκģеһжЩǰʱɼһѹз
ʽľӣ½ţ˲ûй̲Էı־۹ԺڶҵĿǰһȴԼ֧뾫ľţЩľ٣λձӢ⽻١Ƭ棬ˣʼ۾ģ
Ťţձʽָӵֱǰָ
ǹʱڽֵѪɣҽ˻һƬЩɫľʿĵһƬʹ£Ҳͷžһͣ٣Ļɫ˳Ҳʼӵһ˻ݵмձʿ⵽׻һ˵ŹеձʿϾռűˣڵľʿʬѾѻһţʹǿ־ҲֿӵͷĲдٻкʿˣŵʿӵػսһʼʹҵĳ档
һӵɼӹȻһվȻͱʿ
нڵӦľ棿


ڶʮ ֣£
˳һ򾰸ӿȥ̶̰ӵʱ֮ڣһһӪĹٱ򾰸淢Ĵγ
ÿһΣǱվӵˣΧĽ˽˶򡣾ΧҵǹҲһ㣬˷ɢںǸ䣬ûкͽϵվСۼСһһȺڲܳĴ´ҲխͽƣĹٱɱһţⲫսڵɱһ㣬һ߹һƺҪû
˫ĵ꣬ھʷĹǽ˿ӿݵĺۼܵװθ÷飬·ҲöһƬ˫ᲽĻսûйɽػ׼ҪȻĻ治֪һʲôӡ
ݾھһӵУһԺǽ棬ĶŶľĻ⣬صĻɫʬסվʮĴȺ
ѾðˣԴһһӪֱ˾˦һоֱһ¶ȡУ
ҲǵֱĵһӪһ־ѹե˳ļ߻ǹ˦˺档Ჽ˻վˡŴ򲻿չͼӲУչ˫վֿͬ˱ռز󣬺ܿͱɵһӪΧ棬ͼվعǽƴֿͷİٱվھҲˣͼƵصеص㡣һ˻ɣѾƣ˼ʿǾٶ˥֮ˡľǳǰ棬Ҳǰ棬ЩһѾһƬ
˫Ļȫǽ£Ľ˫۾ŵһӪΧվСＯУսڵչ⣬Ѿ˹ٵľѾҵЩգǸļ߻ǹֲ֪
ñѾ߬УҪˮµĴӪľٶǹнŴˣűͳǲٳһΣԮ
ԮԺǽ漸ҧ˵
һ֮ĹͣøˣӲ룡͵ĴԺǽһվӹ˼ͷľüëҲһ£оñһ¶ڵϣ͵İγָӵ棬еӵģϣ죬ꡭҹôǹһȦߵģ
ָӵָǰ棺µĵ֣еǸǴʬɽѪɱģ㿴Ǿ㵹£ͷʲô򣿡
Ǽٴһݣ仰һ۾ɱٵ뷨ҲΪһǧսͻȻ㺺ʲôңҲǿԴϭ˻ܷʲô˻
û뵽һ뺺ǣȻϣѾһ񱩵УҵͬװձˣǾȻռ˴巪ĹһʼһֱսСڣ߻ǹĻ֧ҲϣܹģҲֻһǻѪѡ
һǲǣ漣һļǿоݲ˽⣬ҲȥΪʲôᷢһУΪʲôˣһԤƶϵһеġֻ֪һϵ˺йӣǲΣѣֽ¾񽻸
겻ֻӡһóϷԸΪЧһŵӣֻ˵˵ġǰģȫѵδ»ڣһ·һųЦӣһƬвɱһ·
ٲ˵һ䣬һӾ󲽵ľͳǰȥûǰ߽Ų죬ߵʮΨһյľʿѾ˴̵ĲǹΧ嵲ġ
ﵱУǶ׷һһŵľʿӵ̧ͷʮڶ鵱дʿǾ̵̧ͷһͿѵʱħƽȴֺǴһƬҲǴͷһ߾ýģеľһҫĿǶ׷ֻɨһۣĿ⣬ȻоҪҫֻۣһۣòʿβ͹Ƕһէͷһ¾̧
һѧڹվ𣬴Ŵˣ˻̫ͣ㲻ܳȥǵǹ
ݴһǹ쵯ļХ
˵󣬶żҲǴǳȥ˴ǽĻ꣬ӻţ
˵ȻǰУҩУһŵ˹ǰļʿҲߵľݵĴһѲסһͳǰߣһ¡ڹ۾ڵһ¾ͺˣҲ͵һˤñ׷һֱʣҲˣһĵǣ˰ɣ
ΧԶ¼Ƿ׷ֱӣžһĴԶһƬϴ̵ϴ̵
򾰸·ڵȻ֯·ġЩ¼Ǻ۾Ȼ׷׵ӲײЩľשʯɵĽΧǽһȥžһȺһײýߣǹҡЩųɾδõʿΪеٸˣʿȻͱȵĶʿӿȥԽ߰
ϴ̵
վڽУھǽϣƴĿվָӹٵľһΣһ䣬ضѾͭǡĽڣѾ۶¾Żɫװʬ壬ǹѾ֣ձǱɴ۾ҲĿŶĶƴ뿴Ķ
ձǵʽ½һκľӿ֣ʱձ½ԶԶδһǸʱǼѵİѪսУձӶйеĽӡȻһֱ䣬Ǹ½ľӣ磬ֽᡭڶ֧ͬʽľӣһɱ˾ǰðĻĴγ棡
ʿѾŵôǶڰЩ˳岻˰ɣ岻˰ɣ
ǹһȴǳĺשʯľһשʯĻͬʱ𣬸ղŲǹܼѾսֵģʿǲĻͷž٣ȴħһĿŶ棬еָӵ߬ˮ
޴ĿͻȻڶﶼźǳӣһ³սУӰ㿣ÿ˶ֱɤںУԶһ㣬ؾձ̨ܱЩѡľ񣬾Ϳһǰҫ
Ǵ̵һ㽫ΧסĴ̵ɵĲˣˣƵڻԼĽΧǽսߣԾγ˰Χ̬ƣ˼ŵİг棡

ڽгʱս²μҵľŲԶٶվӶǴӺǵ벿ɱ룬һֱձʹںǶϲǹں֮󣬾ʹܹеı䱸Ԯڶһ·ûײϣϲԴӣһ·ۿҪ˾Ѿ湬ǽЩձʿƴ֣ϲһֱŵ΢΢¶һЦݡ
ԼͷԸΪָ֮أһжյСһжᰴԤĹչǺͻȻǹȴԸнĴ
ȻȻȻһ֧ͻȻںǣĿȷֱȥѵʶĳﻮϵļƻ½󲿷Դȫϵı
һ֧ӣֻƽ½ϲ֧ͷɽǸ̳һһܸߵۡȻҲΪ֧ӳɾδãսɣƽͺǵľҲǺܱյġǻŵϧڳʱ磬˶ѧסǡ֧ǳ˺ǣ
һ̣нозʱͻȻƹסһ㡣
ϲϾ½ĵһңݵĴ۸һ¾ڲסˡȻӵ˺ǵʵѾ޷ı䣬ôĽǾǾе½Ȼƶձ۹ϴ½ôֱز١ҪӵУôڳʣʱƣЩҡڹٽǰֵ֧۹볯ʣ½һıǰװ׳ɿˣ
Ѽܼе֮һ·нֻᦴԸĻձռ
ձʿֵʱ򣬶ǹھԺǽ֮⣬ϵнһӼҪˡʶԼ֮нʱһֱͦǱѾȫǺˮӵľȫʪˡ
ٿŴϣ´ϲ˶񣬵İ֣Сԭɣľ¡ǴǵСӣ棬ҪǻսŻ𣬽ճرӣǼڿشţˣ
ϣɫһһơŵİףոµҫۡձٽӲͷһкʹŴԼһֿǹ촦ȥ
ϲϲڵĻҳҡͷɼ壬֪תƵʹô˻ʱķʹ°
ȻϾˣпϣֳһУٶձʿͳĻȥнҪڳսȣҲְϡ
ʱǹͻȻֻʣձǹ濪žǳĺ
һסϸֱǻɾĺüͷ
ϡ̵
Ҫ͵۹½ս۾һ쾭ḻĹ۲쵱УΪܹһ֧ӣģİнսУЩʿֻԶ뻥жŲ
ĺȴ޷ˣƸۣҪ
͵ϼһޣҲƵĳ˲Ŵ򿪰Ķ湬š
뾡콫תƳôҲֻнǸɵһжƵӾТͷϡʱձҲгųɱάͻȵһᣡ⽫˶εѡҲΨһܱסһʵѡ񡭡
ǲţô̵뾰У

ĺҲԼԼһֱƮˮ籨ʱָӲĳ
ֻƾԶԶĻڶ̻𣬲ɫ
ԼǵĺɱڳߵȻóһ۰Ͱ͵ĿųǳߵѾܵˣҲȥԮĻ籨ԺʿҲһվֱӣԶȻ
Цһƴ˰
һЭľٳʣˡҪҪȥԮһ¡
ڰ֣ǾȻһЦ⣬ҲóأҶѵҪϴ̵μӳ棿¾ùˣ͸ˡÿȥǰ֪СҲ̫û˼˰ɡ
ǾɫʱЩΪȻȴҲֻеͷ
Ҳֻ΢Цϵ˺ǵıңǾһһǧٲųɾδõĵ֣ҹɱ˰ٻǾ¶ƣ֮ʦһ·ձ˵ĻһֱɱǰǾ
µļ򣺡ĻǵǮǶˮ籨Ѿ˳ȥڹںܿͻ֪ǵҾ֣Ҳ֪ΨһԽصȶʾƵǽ֪»Ǽһ룬ҪҲɡǻ˻ģҲŲء
ϹͷЭıǽһŭԡĺɱƺִһЩÿ˶ŶšȫעʱͻȻҵĽŲͺ
Դ濴ȥͿʿ˽ٶγǹѵձ˳ˣôǹ
ʿɵ˶ĵÿһ赲ģͿһ춥ӴŴղװ˴˽ϵ·Ȼ󣬵Ѿˮ࣬ӣǱŵĸʲӵߡ
ͫһ£һ졣
˲Ǳˣ֪Ĵ峯ղο󳼣һֱϹ٣»
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ʮ վ֣ϣ
̵֣ǹͬꡣ
žЩΧǽȫѾƿ˴ССĻڡŻɫװ˴ԣڷǰӿ
ȷûо飬һʼĳڼĳڣվĻҲͬ˵ͳ޷ѹվĻʱ򣬱һδεѹƻȥҲͳ˱Ȼ顣ȻָӲ죬ǳ·ޣȻ޷ͻơֱͬĸʵڲνͳ۾׼Լǰ¹ٱͲ̵ЩΧǽƵȴĴЧ
Ծγɢʽİг
˫ľ뱾ͲңԶսһ򶼲ġվΪоһ㣬ע˻Գ·ķڵȵȴǽļȫϰеĳ
ڻǹûгΪǸɵʱгǽӵЧսսһǿھӵļɣԣͳ̶ȣżߵҪûмĥǿ͵񾭣жԼʶķӣǴսġսڻսһ֧ͻȻ
εĳһ֧ųɾδã鲻㣬ĥ²ľӣȴ˺ȻİйҲԭɡ
֧ӵĹǸɾ٣ǱѧѧҪһһ·дҪ嶼һоġûб;̫Ⱦڳôһĵǣһҳ϶ȣߵþ
һ񽻸ǣǾƴҲҪɣǻȥ
֧ӵʿ漣ǿоУ˻ǰںʹŢƣ뼢УѾγɡǴͷ۾ǰʿҲȻϣ˵мѵһֱڹϿɺ;ԵķӾˡ
һȺ壬ǸɵĽײ㣬¼ǡʿǾһʱѵ˷ӾʶӦ˵Щڴͷǰˣ
һ㣬Щ±ѵûжãսѵŸոտʼһͻĽսѵ±ѵУս˵Щ±һƬңܼȲߣһο˶ľ̵УʶϤսʽ
ǣ̵֣
վĻܿ죬ǼʹųƾҲûжʵսľӡʱǲûɶӵľƣ
վ¼ǿųɢߵĴ̵ָ֪ӵָδûʲôСʿֻԷһ¾ͷɢˡǼʹˣӽУӹǽóĵ꣬óǰĲپʿڵء
̶̵ľ룬վʿһӵûд꣬λεĴ̵Ѿ쵽Ǳǰ档һٵݽŤѾҲʼŵһձʿæҵŽ𹳲ǹǹ˨ðźĴ̵Ŵ뾪̵ѾĴȥһͻ̣Ӻð˳
ǾٶвǹǹؿڵǹһžѾ˽ݣձʿȻŵöǹͳˣһձξٹֽŻָӵǽһףɹڣüǸ߸ߵģٶǹһ¾ͽڵӵ˳ȥ˵ձξϣҡŶָӵȻһѧϣĿס˫֡ӦձʿʱŻûϴ̵ĲǹǹͿǼʿٷ˹ͻ̾Ʒǡձ̨ܱľʿǹֽţҵĻŲǹֿڰн֮ǰֻһ߾ʬص赹ʣµĺ۾ҲԽӿԽĽŤһšڹǽվʿǾŲǹҷ䣬һǹȥõĿɲ֪ǵ˻Լˡ
ձ½½ѵʱȫӰͻ½½ʱƽսУǾǹЩϲʿİεɱŷɥ̸жɫ䡣һǸʱֱս֮󣬼վ԰гռƵ֮󣬲ſʼⷽѵնսֽ֮һǿֱӺķٷչһֱȥ
һݶѪȵƴɱվϵĲʿѾͷܡ۾Ľ׷ڱһֱȥеվͷǽܣͱ׷̵Ӻһ¾ͽǶ˹ǽ棡
ͬҲ˽ݵУֱۻӵˣҪȥⲫĵʿסԼʿǻں۾׷ɱЩѾվǽվڴĿţѪȲ𺳵һʱӦʱʱ۴ǽͷǹ忪ţǹǹ˵žԼγһ֧ʬ棬˴̵Ĳǹžľͳǽ֮ϴһ졣ʿͬʱӦһ¾ʹһš
վǽͷվ͵ȴ˹һձҲͬ˻ߵĴǽͷվҲܲ˵µˣžžžĶʱ졣ǽ׸߶ȣ˫͸ôľ룬һһµĶһкǽǽ£˫ۡһֽûв䣬ֻ׷ܵվ˶ڹſڵĽݣҲ治̫෽ˣһŹǽɱȻô̵
ղǽͷЩرվѾߵĲɱŵЩƵ̵ٶȱл֮£ʣµ˷׷¹ǽûͷӬһܡǽͷĻѹƣԽԽĽӿ˹ڣʱҲӣÿһͷǰĵˣɸӴˣ
ǽ־֧ƣ˼ĽٱǣŲǹ׷ɱȥ׼ϯݻеǣŲǹһһߴ󺰣ҳ
ٱһһֱؾӹ㳡ڵ㳡ڣǰ˾ס˽Ų
ݾ͸ڳǰĹٱ漸һ³嵽󣬻Ų֪ǹ۹һתղŻѪڵӣȫ
ڵԷڵĹ㳡»ӽ̩¥ԶͤڵڿյԷש㳡棬ѹѹվվ
һſڵϣڶŰףֱǹڶָųʮٱÿеͷβձѹָӵڰգֻ´
ΪʲôôվղǶھţ⼸ٲǹĻǵİгһЩҲɱ
룬ֻ͵Ļ֣еѾˣˣ

ôվһȦ׸ǡ
սսСǹھģȴɼ幫ʹнҪˮ籨ĹʹݵУź͹ڱ硣ɼ幫ʹ񣬾ǿѸپͷ
콵һɱ뺺ǣ˭Ҳ֪˶ɼʶķӦһ˰ڽ̩סһߴʣµ˵ǽϣϾءٽɼҲҽɳȥԮ˭֪᲻ɱ룿
ֱϴҴҸִ˺һվʹݶѾˡϸϵı䲿رվѾݴİг塣ֻüڽ̩ǰŽ˽
˫һƬҵɱݾʹһֱɱվǰ
ǹ籩һʱձ´ʱڸǡҩԷ㳡׳ɱԿ̩ĽǶʱӦһƬݼͷҲеǰʿʲˡҲֻһһˡ
ٵ֣룬лңѾƣ˼ǻг;Ҳһΰг潫ܼվ壡ľǴŲвˣ˳پأȴԮ
һ߳ˣһ߸Ź͢ڵˮлվھǵĿ£Ķлǰƽʮͣ򼸸šѾ˵˸ղſڵطؾӹ㳡ϣ˵Ķǽվʬ壬ȫơһһȳһյһ߻һߴŵһӪ󳷡ڳмХҷɣõһƬǼһЩ˵ʿԼקųܣЩòȻģվ龭Ƕǲһǹ߼һ̵
ѾŲв˵ſڣҧø죬ȴ˿취ҲûС˭Ҳû뵽վȻںǣôۺ
ʿǻ׼йŽеֿʱʱȴǹһУſڵʬֶ˲١ͷһղгЩѾð˹Ụ̃ٻͷѾéݵķ£·ȻҲסˣ
Ҳܼӵ˹
Ȼվҽ֧ĶΧסˣ
ݻͷһۣ˿͵ĽѾӵĲǹڵϣ֮ǹһˤءγָӵӾˣ˻Ǳ𣡡
ڶ棬ʿر£ͬǸߴ١Щƣ˺۵ʿǣΧңûһҪǹܵ˼Щžѥ¼ǣǰڳƸ۵ļơ滹ĵ꣬Ҳ˿ûмȻǵһһĵ¡
ֻһ
ƣֻصƿصСЩսôģעҪ︲
һӵߺܽĵطӹ䶼䣬ֻǵĶ̨ܱͦӶӳԸҪ²
ͬս۵Ĵ﹧ĵͷѵЦЦתҪ̩߻ȥ
뻻طЩԾƽǸļһ͵¾ɲ֪᲻ɱ
ֻҪڣһоͲѳ

ʴǡ
ɿɨˮ籨һۣǼְԱžķŵ籨»ֽ֪ţĿһɨָϽͷ
Ȼ»ͻһǷЦ
ҲԽԽˣ»Աӿˮ籨õԺ棬һǱɶ֡»һĳǹĺǳǿԴλٴ˵ģٵСģɴں֮⣬͵͵ٴ˵Ķ顣ļǵٴҲû֡
ģɶͬʿ๲ѵĹʴΣҲƽ֣Ҳ˺Ϲʹǣ⽫ɶǹְЩ»ļһһžǹԽǵĿɾԽ˼֡ˮ籨ӽʵһ볯漷
ʿҪǻҶ֡ЩԱүɫĶӣǸ»İһ๫ɺƷƶӣʿֻӲšԽԽǲ
ųһЦ»ðΣոϻغǣղԯûȥֱˮ籨ȻڱҪʱϢȥΪȫȨղ󳼣һμ±Ƶ䣬ΣҲ
;ǱϮĽ»Ҳֻһͷϻץס֧ӣϽʵƽˡôйʲôΣƵǸƽȥһͷϡҲΨһĻᣡ
һˮ籨Žرʱ»˷ܵüҪˡ첻»
ųǷЦȴһҲ⣬ھݾС
ЭͳˣĹ;ͷǰҽƣƽ¡ұᶽһڵλãģ֧͢¾Ҳȫģаԣ»
»˵Ứû뵽»һͷղ󳼵ȫӣôͷεġֻһЦȴ˵
»ĿȴǼͷķ籨ĳְԱĿһ٣ʹ˹ȥʿȥ赲ȴ΢Цҡͷʾ赲סˡ
»߹ȥְԱŵͣס֣»ϵĵ籨׸ɨۣ͵תͷųһô֪Ҫҵģô֪»뿪ǣ©ҹΪ˰⵹»ǲǣҸ㣬ǳ룡
͵Ľĵ籨׸˺÷飬Ӷǡ
Эͳʵ˵͢ҪȥһģҲ㣬ҷΨһҲ㡣˵ˬ죬ңұһٻֻҪϣܶѲλãҲʮڵ飬һֻһӻķϣж˼ı׼˷ˣھҪһԶ
Ŀһ𣬶ûע⵽һͽŲЩԱĵİ
￴»֮󣬲ǵһЦٴˣǲ֪㲻ںǣҲδ֪֪ǷҡֻЩ˹߰˰·еɽ·Ϊסҵôжϳбҵģ¹Ҳ˷˵ʵǵٴ˻ڷղԯƴƽң㣬ôߣ
绳һѶ̯һѱձ˵Ķӡ
ϧڷղԯУֻҵٴȴȻ֪ȥƽģԬȨɣԳҵ£ƽ֮ҵģٴˣǳ͢ȥ֮ˣ¹ٶԳ͢Ա˵Ҳʵѣ
ǼְԱĵѵ籨꣡ûӣٸдһݣ
»ɫ࣬ͻȻӻһǹһָųԴӿң㣬ЩˣҳһСҲֵʲôʶ̧ٵĶǳ͢ղʹЩҴıǰ¾޼ҵĹ
ȻЦǰû˿ͣµ˼ʼ򣺡ٴ˰û¾ˡٴ˵׿ǹǹҵıһɢٴԼƽȥɣٰƽ˸ɵǾ˵ʲôˡã籨ûأ
һͬЦȴβסƣ𣺡˭˵ƽС߰˰Ҳûһ߰


ʮһ վ֣£
ĵ꽫ǽܴһ࣬𹳲ǹеĽһƬӵڹǽϣһƬƬɫƤשͷɽ䡣ϴĻͷ֡
ﴫԱд˷ĲҽаһһӪĲǾʹ룬һпõĵεƴֿ
ҪѹڴӹڱƳվŻԽԽԽѹԽףϵҩ㣬ܼĻýڹſڼ̧ͷ
ݳһ֧˰ʽǹҧһǹǹķ䣬ӵ˵ܣ̳ĩŹǽȻȴ߽£ǻ˵ĵǣõģûһ˵ֿȻһڽ򵹵ԱһӱĽ˷ҿѾȥǱͳһҲˣ
һӪȫװģװ߶ûЯУҲڽﵱУڴÿЯӵţƤӵܼʮһ·ɱˣЩӵʹ߰˰ˡ
ת֮䣬ǰ棬Ź㳡ԽˮĴͭ׻ľʿͷ׷״ӵһۣͷͳܡ֮ڸڷĲǹ׷׵ĳʿǷָ岻ĺ
վһֱǱ赲ţӵ⣬վٱһվӸεĵطھٵĿ£èǰСĵƽѺڶľһʿǾʹĴ̵аγ˳Ĵ̵װǹϡǼѾֹͣĵҲѾϡϡ죬ӿǰٶȣվ׼һг
ݴ˵һӵȥǰǹȴֻһضһӵ֪ʲôʱѾжӡ¿ڹſԽۼԽʿҲһЦƽѾƴ˴̵ĲǹӺĵȻ̻ʱӵȻһֺҲߵ
һѰ۶ϵģƴĴ̵ٴװ˲ǹ֪˭ͷŴҶһղŷʱľ޷ˡ
ϴ̵ϴ̵
󺰣ˣţţټɣ
ΧĿ֮һվӱ㲽˿첽ۼҪƽ
һߵľͻȻһݣͳ
ݻλԴ仹ǹ׼һ䣬һӿӿӿӵͭͻȻΪԼˣŶ仹׼ֱ档ͻȻڱϵĵطϤĺɱһһ󣬿ӿӿӿӣһֱõӵͭ
ͲǹԲͬһƬһϯ硣һ¾ͽڱЩǵվǹȫѹ
߻ǹǵĻǹ֧ӣҲгԮڸˣ
ɱһʼڱĻ浱дﵽ߳ǹаײ彻ת֮䣬ͿӰڻͷ֣ľвǹϾƴĴΧͷӲڻ𳡵пһ·Ȼ˵ʱѾдӴӵӰðŴתйĵ꣬ƴĳܣ
ȺлСˣÿһСӣе˿żܣе˿ŴִˮʽͲе˱ŵҩ䣬е˿ǹǳ߻ǹ
˱ϾģᲽƴﴩʱЩضмʮĻǹں棬ûвǰҲЩ˵ıҵжô죿ֱ׶ƣ߻ܿƵĲ󲿷ֳԮЩС򾰸ƽĻǹűǹɱҵĵط
ǻ죬ǣҲɱ˸Ѿʱ
վǺʿʮˣŻ𳡶žäĿͻȻӱһܻǹ󡣶ʱǱ･ӵĶӪӪٺ۾ʿڻ˳һ·
ǿԼӲĳ𳡣ĵòһ͵ڻСǺ˻ǲӿϡתͷڣվƺҲоΣһ¼ӿ˳ٶȣֻҪܽƳţǽأƵĽҲܾһʱ䣬ʱ򣬴ô㹻ˣ
ݺ۾һҧǣһоҪӭͷϡѪҲҪ赲һ˲ȴͻȻһ٣˴Ӻ汧ס˳һӳĹȣͨһ˵ϡͺڵϷҪͲ֪ôӱðĵƴȴһӹ١һץݵĲǹһЦͳʱ˽ڣǵøյ㹩
˵ҲкʲôͷȥߣоʿƵߵ󣬶д̵ĲǹǸٵӰ޷˵ĳǰȥ
ССĶ鶥ŵӭͷվĳΣÿ˶Ҵ̡վĶν÷ң˱ͱڵϱǵȣǲǰվĺӿϣЩʿһţ
ſڵϣҧݾҪվŲ춯ӰͻȻſߣÿʿţһżܣǹװˮͲӵ
߻ǹڸ˾޴֮ڸ
һ˵ߣڵڶӪӸһ׼СǡҲǾãѪһ۶滹һŵ˶ѣŽЩʿԽԽٻƴֿڰգ´ﲻ
ͨһһڵϣɤըһ𣺡𣡡
ֶָһۣҧ˷Ŧ߻ǹһ٣ʱҡȵĵǲ׳ǹ࣬һܼȺ
ӵͬɻһŤһվͽǣǰŵ϶ð˴ССѪһŵ¡ԲϰݣȺһ·ѪĽӲվܼεУѪɵĺͬ
ҽɶֹ𣬻ǹ⿪ΣڽĵһʹУչֳ˾޴ɱ
תͷݣĺѾ档ӿĴӾʿϸЩĿɿڴĿǹɱľ˾
ղŻռƵվڱ飬ڱ˺ѣڱһԾһ֧ǹһһĹҲҪǰ

ˮ籨ڣһƬ
ÿ˵۹ⶼת˹ȥһôɫ»ǹڻ̸Цĳﶼɴ۾
վſڵģһ˭
һװͬˮӵĶǸʲǡÿ˶һƣ㲵˼ӡһҲһǺܺãֻǿ»Ц
һȻҲƽˣ
ӸϹ˰һֹȴЦһ仨һٴˣɺã
»ĿһʱӦˣﻹץǹ֪˵ʲôźá
һЦһ֣ѽٴϢǱҵģٴǳ͢س˵ô˵ã
ʲǱӮһĸʲȥ»һתǹָһɫࣺģʲô˼췴ôȻղ󳼣
һ̯˫֣۰ٴˡС߻Ƕǳ͢פʵ򸧴Աڷ渺εġʶѧҵʱĶǷƼĶղԯգ쳯ϹɨصʱΪʹĶ˾ûֻðţǸ͢˾ȥ
ЦģſΧЩ»ԱȴŵĿɿڴ»ĸʲɵˡһΪһѸղʹǺԱȻ͸Ӳ»ʹԱǵӰӣ赽˼㣡£Ȼ޼ɵ˹
һҲˣߵ·˭Ҫţֻ߿ᣬ»ҲͰˣ»ȻڣҲ⵹»ʱһ·˰ɱҲΪ˿סʵȫ̾ƣһʱֻ־
ǽǶ»ָʹڰ档һǰ»һһǹǿɾˡ»ױʲҲӦ˹׷׺Ҫе˻ڳǹǹվһԹ۵ĳҲͻȻһԺӵĽʿ׷׶ǹӿȥһǵǹȫժˡЩԱ͸ŵɫף˫ָ߸߾š
٣ǶۣүǶ顣ææ
λ˵飬˵ѽǾƣûүǶɶû
»ǹվɫѾת죬΢΢һֱڴĻǶԸһˣȴ棡
ôΪҪʤʱȴСϷ磿ѳųʻȨԳ͢˵˵㡣ֻҪܽʵıƽ»ҲǲġϾ֮ǱҪҪһЩģ
ڳѹšЩʿ٣Ҳû˸ڶ»ΡһȴûĳˣݵλϺڵ档Լٿʹ
ԼǹأһأǲǾһĻ᣿
ԽԽأȫǺˮָڰѹ
һ۾ٴˣңһǹҾһɢȻɢڷ̴ֻǶˣҪ֪ںǣʣĶ룬һ
֣ɡԱз̵Ļᣬýܺһӡ
»ɫסãڰָءȴһֱҧýġ
ʱһӰһһӰ˳һ۵»ߣȭĴָָ쵱һ¾»һ׻»ʱǹǻӰһֽǹһһ½»ƳȥԶ
ӰվһҲӵĳ硣ɫü峣塣
һһЦյء˽ĳǹ辰ţ߻ҪôһָŲűղǣ;ű󺹽ģûӿ˹ȥʲ»һ¿ĸ첲ͷ壬ֵ³Թģ߶ţüһȭˣö깦򣿡
»ҲֻǿһɫҲȻˣĳҲˡˣڻ˵أպ󻹺
һӹݹǹŪһ£ЦȻٴˣǽټֵƽʣ˸ҹŶԡ˵վͳ֣ߵԺ⡣
Ժ»ױסһɫǸһ๫ҭҭĿ˳һҲǣתͷ򾰸ȥüͷǱǹ춯ͷҲصĵ֪ˡ
̯̯֣ұȥˣ¶ݵβҲֻϢˡ
һ룬ʼ򣬴ĳкѡʮȥʱرӦǣһֻͷе鷳һٵ˲Ѿձʹݴһʯ١ֻҪҵһģ·һҳ
Ц˵ǡһһˮվڵ϶΢΢濪š֪һ·ࡣȻŸʲװʱԶ̱Ϯ˶٣Ҳͬ
ˣôˣƽǱƽˣ
һЦЦʱԳһƣЩӣ龫ǣڶ϶Ҳܲˡ˵ھƻǻδأ
ֶΣͽɨƽһˮĶձˣߣ˭ڲŪôľƣôܲɣ»һҪҲô죿
һЦԼһȻȴûһüͷôԱ
ﻹЦҲ˵ˡһСӣЦģǱַʽͬĺ
ĳ򣬴󲽾ߵЩԱǰվǰĿһɨһȦڻǹʳ໹ǳԷָλرˡ˵ղŻԼͷ˾ЩУСҲ߬أ
һһǻ˵ǱңЩԱְأԼ֪ʲôҪ֪ղԯѾһƬ׵أǰͽʹҲףڣҲףҲ˵ʲôģҾҪ͢ģ˵ΣҪȫƽң뱣ססʹ鷳λ
û˵вĻԱүǶһĴӦˣû˵ģ˵ʲôǾʲô
һЦЦתͷͳ籨ߣߵſڣȴͻȻһʲһѷסˡȴƿǣȥѾ̻졣
ݰݣ飬Ҷáǰ棬ɾǿǵˣ

ǵصĴݿվھ
߻ǹµŭվһƬѪɡǿᲽܼԶ֮£ֻбɱˣ
ϸѵҲ޷ֻ֧ڣһʬ塣ȥȥҲ֪˶ٳˣйˣձ˵Ѫ
վбܽƴĳڵȥһȳһյĸԽӿԽĽԮȥ߻ņ̀ǹڣ껮˸ߣԽͷ
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վֻܣųڵԷӭײ˴ϲɫ࣬ƺôһַת˹Щʿ͵صֿʿתͷֱ˽̩ʱܸ
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ôݺݺһͣһֻԼյĺԺʱƽ֪ôģ;ƽϲ֡ѳ֮ƣǿ֧Ӧһһ粨ľ뵡׵˾⡣
ȥһҪ⳯ǧɽδޱ䣬˭Ц


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ӴӵĽٱںǵĽͷںǣѾǧǾ룬ѥںǽͷѲ߾䡣Ѿ˾ƾˡڸĽٱڵ򸧺ǵľ
κʱ򣬴ͬһɫľ׳ӣڽͷнѹǾ˵ġ˵Щűǹڱ棬¶ھѥľнĺ
ǧʿŵ·뺺ǣнҪĽֵ档Ƥѥôʯ·棬һƬĺ졣ƤñƤһӵ°յýġһҲԹһֻۣȻǰͬľڶеǰ棬°ͼҪﵽϣÿٵֶķʽװƤ棬Ȼ´ڶʮľٶʾ¾һ㡣
֧ӣӾٵʿ϶ʮ㣬ӭ˵ĸоһ㵭ѪЩӣڳʱѪʵ̫ˣתս޲ƣȻЩ˶ں֮ڵ³ũ񡣿ǼѪľӣδѪľӣоϾǽȻͬʱǵӰھֻʣ·
ǵƺ֪ˡΪʵڽڶ̶̵ʮ֮ɱһʬɽѪ
նǾη۹⣬սѹԵʤϵľСţƤװСţƤİ߻ȫѥո¾ǹе׮׮һ𣬾γһ뿴ģһ֧¾ӵеʮľʣ
н֮£ǰǧĶ䶼һľѥû棬ƺûˡһ·Ծ궨µĺǰǶ˲Ƶ棬Ŀ֧µĴ
һЭĸӪĲӣֵž£
⣬һݸֶһЭǲӪǱӪǳпеķ󣬵ŴǰһЭҲǽЭľ죬ݵУڳǰӭƮɫצ죬ʱƺܽǣ
һЭֺǣһٲһɵˡЩһΪµĴȣܶ˳Ҫ֪һ֣ʻһ˵ķݶʱӺɶЩ˾ͲҪκͽ
ĸӿĵһӾٳһߵУһĿʹӾٿķʿнʱô涼һĻ
Ź㳡ȻǻǲӪһһվûٵطˡ¾µϿᵽ˼ĶѵʱԳˣȽһ¡ſĸӪнӪԼڳӱӪռĵ·룬˿ңĸӪھſ߳˹ƣ
ÿʿǾһǰƽԶΪĵλͬһĿںΪЧһӽһӶںһһߣþڽˮͭ׶˵
ǿƴЩñӪʿǣ򵥵ľòˡʶһͳˡԶڽ̩ںµӾТǣһ仰˵ӾТסĲϵĺ
һë¿ģֻ˳
ֹձʹ棬صɼ幫ʹҲ˹ۡĸߴĳ򿴡ֻԼԼĿںȴľľˣɼ幫ʹɫҲÿȥڹʹµձʿɫһƵʹ
ֻ˵һʱľõá
ĸӪӲͬٴʧһֱ̬һб۾һһֱĳ
һɫһʽֶͲĴָˡ
һһڴ̫վôãͷˡﵹǺˬǳˤˣôһ֧ϡ棬ʲôʹɣΨһҲǼ̤ʵˣ
ҪЩһÿء
Űɡ

ˣЭһӪȫܼƹǧһԱʵطǧˣһǧͷ֮ڣȫϵһѶӣ
ųЩһ֮һͻص𡣻꣬ð顣еǹҪԼ̸ֵء
ЭЭͳ½ƽԭĹܼݴ󸱡־ԶԶڽеľ٣Ҳʮ͡Ͷ㣬ȻشݵȣЩЩһϵ׵⺷ԼҲƺע⵽һ㣬Ϊ˱ҪһϵһƬҲԼһͷ
ǧսװǿбϮһ¶֯ôоһ¶²ƽôܳЭļоУҵºǣʿô߰ʿһʶεݵȷǴ֮ţ½ƽĵ֯Ҳ൱֮ˡ
ų½ƽվǰһЦļ򣺡òڱΣûʲô
½ƽɫһһϲɫش˵Ļƽ֮Ѿ£ղҲԱ˱ͬһĵطȨҾ֮󣬳ѾתˣֻҪղڣ̩ɽ֮
һһЦ˲ĸڣݺղӵȷ򸧵ò֮Ѿڱʽˡ
ʱ棬ѾǼüһãȫЭӪϾ١һĿⶼĽ׷ɫ˭뵽ǽųɾ£ʴӱϷ𣬱Ǽʮɱ۾ںǳʵĸ֮ͬʱ˹Юʿ£ָӾ棬԰ǧ±;ڴǸɲһȼյյءһǲɱ˶һĹ
ЩһѾӵصĵϵ٣ˡһ׷»һȨԬ뿪Ҳûж೤ʱգ˭֪컯ˣȥʱ־ʱ򺺳Ѿ£¶ѾƷΪշûؾˣ
һȺľм䣬ôһİӣȷĿúܡ
һһҪĿ
ɫԬ˺ܶ࣬ȵΡһѾԵó¾ɵŷʽװľñһ˫ϥǵѥָͷһޡڷĿǳɫ۾ʮ꣬۲ۣǸӣ
ȡξˣڰٵ۹ŷۣڱʮǰͶˣһļȴΪаٵ۹ĹλڰµҲάҲɾѧУҵŷۣʮڱΪ۹۵ĵ䷶ȴӵĻָ۹ٹΣ˼롣άǵĵ۹ӹ˼̳Ȩ۶ָӵϳ˾ӡҲûȥ֪ôģһ·˵˶˵һﻹж־ľ¹ʣӢֳ񵱾ֶΣͨ
ұһίУģļ˲ţһӦļǽһ컨׹۸ˡǩ˹Ӷͬ˳ʡ
ΪһĴ㣬ЭЭϱͬʱ䡣Իһ֧Ჽӣڱͽѵص㡣ȻҪЩֱľ˲ȾϷһ֮͡ξҲЭ˺ǡ
ӵĶ˵УôһԺӣҪ۾ͶۡһĿɨξ󷽣ժͷñʾ⡣һֻһЦЩ˾ˣĳ̫ˣΪһЩδءʱУ
ԬĿ⣬ȴƫƫ⵽Ԭǰ΢ЦԬˣ
Ԭ̾һվͥ񣺡ˣܿܣҲŶ¹ٶ裬Ҳ˵ݡ
ʱԬܲʷ֮÷
һ˵ЦɫҲׯԬ˺γԣٴ˾ǰӣԬ˾ǰӡڳ͢ѾֳͣοΣԬδ㣿װͶ󣿡
ԬһһֻۣǿЦˣǰ˵Ԭĳ˰Ѫڳϣװؾʲô·ӣǻϼҡͶǹѸټޣôҲòˡ˿ԬĳԸͶЧ
Ԭɲɵһҵڣȷڳʣȴһһһ¾仨ˮˡرȭ£˭¶˵뱱ͶЧ»УѾűˡΪһ壬ľˡ
ȻһճУҲûʲôĳޣûɱһĵҲûһšȨҲֻ»¡Ҫǣһ𣬵Ҫˣɲ˶ˣһҪڳһʱ䣬˽ⱱ飬Ϥ˲ţһҪúܣ
Ԭһֺγס
˶һۣһֻһЦ򣺡οͤǾ˵ˣ೯͢ǽشίԱˣͳһб򽻵ֵ°£ֻҪûǰ̣
ֻһȦֻҪᶽܱЩͳӪ٣Ҳܱǰ̣ղЩĹ٣ٴ˴һǲʹҲǵԱˡ㻹ͬΣȱһ֪
ﰲԬǶҲ廰һ˵ǰ̣һˡǴôҲЧһ½ƽȴɫһվˣôǲںǣ
а仰סˣȻںǣôЭŴϹ
һͷ̾һƽ泯ⷪ͢ģƫƫ˲Ǵһһͬʱļƻˡȫʦúý
ɫЦЦǾͽһ֧˭ҲǿꢣֻҪһҪڶҲǰҪȻǴôʲôǽǣѺֵðĶҰգȫ˻ƽȥںҾһ˭ٳ۸һ£ʱкÿģ
Ƕһò˵һֻȻҲвƽ͢˶ĹͣƳҲСɣȻô
½ƷͳɱڵӦһǡĦȭƵľȥ֡
ﻢ֮ʦϴһʶǰƽֻⷿ˰ɣһĥǶݣȴǸξһʲôõȴǺֻԣ䣬װһ²״ôһ仰£ΰҵְλΪѵصľ˲ţҪõݵλã
ӻẺѧģ
һüëҲ̹ȻĻҪڱϣõڱְܼλҲУӦУְλʲôᶽܱ
ӿǶԴһЩ򰡣ղ˵ҲһԲǰ̵Ĵꡣʱˡ
ΧЩϵ٣ʱͶ˱ĵĿ⡣һԱؽαҲᶽܱӾȻͳƽƽ
ȵ̬һֱֱ׳
һҲһʱ͹ЦҪ˵ȵҽһ걾ߣ˽һ֧ô¶ҲÿУһ¸µı¡õĹƾжȡɣ

ƺ֮ϣʮֱϺ졣
ڵĺϣ޽ֿˣŲǵĸЩı󽢷ֳԶǻġʮƸĻִЩ̴ҲŸɫĹ졣ͷĻ⬼ڴͷϣŻǵݵĴָָ㡣
ˮʦ˴Զͳ촬㳲͵һǧʢ¼ʴ˴ĳ棬Ϊ˻ҲΪ¼ʼĽҫ
ԶСӣòſ
ײڶԶ׽Ĵͷǧɫĩǧ֣װʮڵýԶǱˮʦҲǱˮʦɾƾ裡
ʲôʱ򣬱£ֻҪ޽;ñƣ㸲
ڶԶΦ棬Ŷᶽ죬콢ݡʱվڷ棬ɫأֻǿԶ档󣬱ˮʦܱԶܴ󸣬ӹͣȵվ
Щӣٳֱˮʦ׼ֵ˱ӣһֱ鲻á½ʦˮʦ޽䲻һ˲֪Щ޽Ľжô⣬ٶǿ·ġҪǣÿҾ棬ڵ㣬Ҷʵĵ衣ʽĿ֮١սڻڣҩ㣬ⲻһĴйٶô¶ΪҲô⡣
ֻжܾеصġ
͵һֱײ飬ӶһŴԼ˼ѹͷĿԼһԱϡԱȵվڷϣŲӿһֳǿ֮ǳԶܴʹһֱͶɢĵŶĿתҲɫ
˵ʲôŲ𡣻ͷһͿʲɫҶ־
λ˴γ½ʦͳ֪ĸˣĿʹͼ䡣ҪƤҪˮʦ콢ǵͬţҲû˴Ĺٲգһδ˸ذ̶鲻ˡ
ۿŲ鸡Ϸţˮʦ׷Ҷ־ҲûӭһʿָŻǲźùľ͵Ӵ죡ȥϸ磬ôܵˮʦᶽģֵʵˣʲôʲôʲôʱܵʴͷ
ҪЦûЦҶ־һѣ죬ܵʴˡ˻ֵʢͦء
Ҷ־ֻֽ죺ллأ㵽գ
ԱͻȻһ䣺˳ʣǲǾֱ˺ǣʱ䣬һ»û߰ɡʵ棬һǵĿ⸮Ҫ˽ô
˵Ҷ־ȴ˾ҧݣƺҪδԹȫйǵһϣôһʶѣʶ࣬ҵıҲǳصģøǳţһҰѺǵĶƽ᣿ҶӾ͸ҿǹ˳ʣһҪ񣬾ǰѳʿ⸮˳Сһ


ʮ 
˾
Ԯȸ壬ջΣ£ġͽɶɳԶվɲԾۼݺȥɳƿ졣Ŀ֮ӡԱ֮Σ̡
һŶ̹ӣڴͷĿŶžױҲƵĳϵϵšžСĴɫһ߶Ƚšүʵķʱָһ£һõ㾢ҳ
СѾͷܲôϵдŹдһڲֺһ˭ֺãʱСѾͷԼҲ룬诲˵ˣվһƴļ塣һլȻСǰô󣬿ɿҲܲİĴ˴µ̬ȣҲڲزġ¶ѾʩСѾͷأҲףһݴھӡɾһϵأ
һٶҲղӾαɡڻǰ̫ϻʣѾֿȡС檵ĵͷӣô¶
žʱ룬Ҫһûͳʩƽƽգλʩӣó˴ĸһദĻᣬһǰĥֺá
žǲʶģʢ̶ܴȥ͵͵죬·ֶ̫࣬ȥڿһҲֻϰµڴ⣬ǷҪĵдʲôѽ
ž鲻ףһסǰͷдġ׼Ƕֱʣû׼ĽʦүΪдûЩί飬еĲɡ
˵˾ô˼
һ˶һҪ˶žôΨһѪ飬ЩһҲǣɶѾ¸ֺˡݺԭǣɢ֮Ҳʼ¾ۼĸ棬ض棬ǵĵλˣݺȥ𣬰Щı£Ȼʹͷڷһ͢פѾֶǣ˵гͻ鷳ˡǵ뿪һԭһô˵ʲôҲûЩǵĳ·ڶǳ˶ǸɶܸӣԹˣŽ˰ˣ˵ʲôҲñˣ
ڳѾˣɲ֪жѪȵĽɱЩҲʡԸˣ֮Ҳˡһ죬žİ檣·
ʵһЩĿƣһʼͲӡдʢǣôʢɶ·ܸṩǮṩ̶Ӷֵ鱨Ҫһôֲôɶţ˳˵ĸӣ
ȻһֱûаѹһӰӣôڻͷһҲȻȻ顣
ЩǶžСѾͷײ˵ء
ƽʦүıʼܿûˣȴǺһĴ֣ŤŤġȴǶ˵强˶Ůģɲ˴ʡÿīأͷдŵʱҧгݣʹȫֽʲģ
Ŵô֪ܹһֱӽŮӿɺãˣزˡٶԽԽ󣬾ҰѾͷе䲻ϡһһеǵĶ飬룬Ҳֻ𡣾㸮ϣҲðһЩҴľ˼ʦүҲǡģҲˡֵµֶ࣬ٱаֶΣҲʶûк³ҲֵܶܣҪģһˣ⼸ֵܵҲˣҲͼ³
֮࣬һҲҧгݵġžһֱ͵ۿɫһӣСĸζҲϰµġ
ߺߣӰȻŽķչսߣǽڼļսУضսС⺷սƣ鱨ѼԵк󷽵ɧţٲ˵ģʹԼԸ䵽򣬵ҪƵս֮󣬵ƾЩԶԶ㡣
ǵ˺ʷϵնսն˫Ǵѱණˣ˴ŲͬŵĻӣѼ飬ƻԷӦ˼áͷӻձѫ£˶ľλֻĵ飬ЦҲЦ
ҪĻձ鱨ԱڳʶѾãѵҲձʹУй˵ݣ˴ССļܸӡڳǲ١ʷϵļսЩ󷽻Ǹӳ˲ǷսӣеʱȻɧŵ޷ٻ
һɲ󷽵¶ȸˡжҲĺֶôһ֧Ϥ±飬͸ӵ°빦
˵һǧһ򣬹һ仰˵Ķ顣Ȼµ壬Ӷڻǵյֵˡôһˣ
Ƕ˼һֱŵĶžҲ̲סˣʣүҵҵϵ˵ɶ
һһתʱǳ̾һĹپˣдԮأš
žĴ۾ʱˮĿһڹٸϵĲ״׼Ǳ뱱һزʶˡʱͬͼ״ʱоѣŷ飡
ǰһڣת۾ǰһٶ׶ǲסǼڶΨհһ¾ܰѳɱʬɽѪڳ˭
ʱžˮˣҪǱβͣҲҡ÷ǳ֮İͰ͵Сһүүˡ̧̧֣ܾҵҿɾôһլ˵ʵĹͷԺٲڱ˵СĻˣҲʩˣҲˡ
ŶԼһֱĿӦΣ֡û뵽Լլ滹ôʣųʩͶžûСѾͷһ𼵶诣˵Ϊٹһ̲סҪ说һ˹ҲһҲԸ˻ҵǮһӣÿ˰ҪʢǮƱֺÿ¾򵥣ôҲòꡣžʩڻǿͰ͵ĶʮֲСѾͷﲻˬء
ϽһŶž飺ġ˵˴ȥҲֻǽ󳼣¶ôܣںۿҪסӡ
žһסһ죬۾һˮɵġһѱĻ°˵
үǵ죬֪үΪѡ¶ҲﲻϣҲȷõ鷳ˡŮģҲܿŵ¶Ҿһһˣһȭǹ˭ܰҵҪһزˣҵãүλҲû״һ
˵Ŷžͻ۾Ҫһ
ʵСѾͷ°һϽסžĴТҲǸж
֣һûأ˵¶һܲܣİɣôҲһƽƽĵɺãһģŶžС֣ﰲοž۾˵һҭ˵
һЦа´ʩһ𣬿ɲʵﻹû˵꣬һ죬Ȼ幧ĻرˣҪ飬ѾϢˡ
TMDе˼¶ˣ

ʴۣ⳯Сۿڡûкһµĵ¼ķͷֻһưܵСۿڶѡ۵ĺխˮҲصĻʿǶµͷٻľһʴ
ǺҵʿжԹ졣ӴжµĶҲʲôУٵΣ̴Ͳӡʿڰˡǵȴһһģšڽп죬һ·е񫷸ˡҸ΢һĵط͸ϽݡʿͳԽĻҡ
Һģɫִʼڵʴʢʿûж١
ľ֮Ѿʮꡣϳܴм٣͵ɥװ顣صĺѲ֡ʢפܷ֮ôЩ꣬˽ӲͲ̣ӣʲô
û˹ˡжӣһҲмΡΨһƵϾѵľ˴죬ÿδ춼ʵʮÿʿΪÿδ֮󣬶оרչֱ̨ӷʿеӵЩӵȥҲ˿֪
ʿҲǼ࣬ƽ꣬μáÿ¶Ǯֺӵɽƽӡÿ۳Կ۴۹ѣõʣһǮ٣ȻΪҲֻЩˡɨƽµĻʦڳǹڣʣҲӪ硣
ʢΪ˼ϵǣѡʴ½ƾ־ʣλһѵصľҲǸжˣʢôǱС˼ˡ
ڰ⺣ˮʦӣѲҷΪʢ½ݻʮױֳֺڵһȦȦںѲ˵ˡӰӶֱվڷЩҲӰ˳Ӱӡ
ڷ棬һֱûصԼĹٲյУֻǿŰʴСС׷ҵľ󣬻а
Ҳ֪˶ã̾Ϣһ⡭սôսô
վŵ󸣬ᶽţҲ뿪ֻεһЦ¶ô˶ܣĸʲô˵ˮʦڲ½ʦԺãԴȥҲĺòˡ
ԶָŰ֧һ滹ǸʲٴһĻŹᶽоʡ
Ҷ־Ӻյ˵̶̻ѾסͣҲоʡˮʦļҵȫ̺Сǹʮˣʲһ̳ӡҶŷôãϾͽоʸϽ񫡣¶Ҳ˲ˣƾ̸ʲôϽƽǣһߣ
ȴһʯȻ
̸ʲôսսԱңңȾҫձֻ·˶֮ģ
˵ȻǵҲһŶվáԶȶûãɫҲӱأ÷·Ҫγˮ
⼸仰ýȥҲ룬ǾվûһǳĻҲ˵
һֱ˵ȥˮʦҲǿȥηձʲôʱձĴڸϹ޻졣ˮʦѾ壡ãҲΪαزսΪǾŵˣѾʧˣҪѾڳߡ
͵Ļͷסڣ
Ͻסҧýģһһ飬ǿֻǲ
ҪΪһˣҲҪΪһδˣ
ɫ࣬͵һ֣󲽵·š˵һۣ̾һ׷ȥ棬ֻµվþõĲԲصıɫֻ۵ס

ˣڲƽѾˣҹͿװװ䣬򱱷ˡƽķӲںǾ͵ļһЩʢſްɡ
վһǰЦĻرЩӣһ仰ͿݣҲҪΰٹ٣Ҳֻܵ·ĿƨҲҷŰһǰıʵ˲ˡ
һͷЩ£Чʵǲ͡һ£ȴһ£ֲ֪ô
һžһ򣺡ʹڼ󽫾ʱձڹſڴǸ
һͷһڳӾТ͸ҵǶѾͷϣֲŮֲִƹ˫ŮҲڹлӾТΪֺңҳŮ͸ˡ
ޣʶתһ롣ӾТǹȻޣЦԳ˫һҲ
һûô࣬Ż䣺޲磡СѾͷͨر֪˵ķӦͳһû뵽Լ˫ص˼ҡҲƺû¿
ŵȥ飬䣬жٴԺϵͳľɵϵСѾͷûʲô壬á
һתЦŴӦһüͷˣ˻ƽŶڲطǻмⷿǮôĸߣëҲҪҶ־һ
һҶ־ʢ½Ѿݻرǵ½ٶѾΪЦ̸ˡǸضȫˡû뵽ǮҲŹЩǿҪȵʢ뺺ˡ
ˣҪʢô
һֺݺݵƱۣƱҷҪףΪһŪˣҾҪһ㣡


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һˮ죬Ϳһͷˮ˳˫һĨϵˮĿڳرߡ
ˮذƣϼεŵζһȪСΧɽʯ䣬ӳζˮرϣѾһӣͷϵŰɫëŮΧߣļˮ渡ľͷ̣һƿ̲ƣƱҲͬһƨɵഺŮտš
ǸӴˮŮӾЦӭȥˮ׷ҪȥȡֻǱ۾ӹһë־뿪
ǸӿǱһۣЦϾôô
˽ҵĸȪԡصУǴӳĴϲ;ò¶ͷĿͷɽһֱɫͷɽֻŮʵ鷿ЦһʲôΪģ
Ͼǲɽظ¸㷴ʡģɽظҪת㣬ΪٴҪ̸н棬Ҫһ̬Ͼָǵ۹ڳʿǹˣȻȻǱǲҪȥǻǿǹһʡǡݡٸ¿ֱ׳ļ½ȥˡ
ϲĺںƺ޹ˣ³ʿʽĴֺ޳˶ʽСסᾫһ㣬ͷɽĻ۾Ŀͷɽһۣɫģͷɽ̫˽ˣΪ˵۹ĴҵʹҲûʲôҵĻǻڵ۹ս棬ٸҪһȫ˽⡣ҲĦҪ׷µѹ˹ȥҺܸмһֱĽѿĲ
ס˻һУһŮϽͽƱ˹ȥϽ΢һͣ٣Ǻݺݵһӹȥ
㻹ǳĦģϾ
ҵĹǰͲ۳ˡĦڵĸǺôҲ½ˡΪ½ߣ򺺳ǣĦΪͽҲⳡҵ
ͷɽЦЦĦڷ־ձ½֧ͺͽҲԽˡЩЩϳķʿԱ߿ţ˵ʵڵеֻ˼Ͼһѹţ滹ֵ̫˵ˣڵ۹ģҲ治ô
Цת˻⣺ǴϾ㾿ĽѿΪʲôأӶȺ˵֮Ϊʲôأ
͵۾ӻ֣ӵеŮϽͷ˳ӣһƬ׻ţ˿ȥ
ͷɽֻ΢ЦŴЩഺ壬ҲûǱһۡ
½ȫûһ鱨ĳԸŵˣʲôΡûУڶǵ̳棬ٶȱǻҪ죬˶Ӧڳʣ
ͷɽȻֻ΢Ц
ҧ촽񶨶ģһڳڳرߣģĲͷɽǵĲ߻˶Դ½⽻Դµ־ʿǿĿ󣬻Ǳһ飬Ҳֻʳ볯ʡһֱ֣ôҲ벻ףôյйؼɴࣿ治һˡ
ͷɽɫҲһתǰȪƺǴһͬԡҪ£ʱĲ쾭ʱһֱڹעһľٶˣҲһֱѼ鱨ϡЩȴûҪϲ¶ЩǴ½鱨Դʱ
ֻǵһЦϾһģʲôһϣᾡ֪ᡣ
ϲ˵ֽͷˮУβðպݺݵĽкһ䣬·Ҫȫ
ͷɽ΢ЦϾûҪôɵһһɡ̳棬ûеǸܲƾĵزǸ󳼣мǧıˡͲǵ۹ҪԵĿ꣡ĳѾתʮۣһյû䡣ذ״˶ȡİݵΰҵҪһʵ֣һֵܵסĴô̫߿ˡ´Ϊںء
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ͷɽĶʱȻڶǺ绽ͷӣ͵۹ǧ˿Ƶϵеʱ־֡ǱϾĸȦӵееʱĵĴþϸšκǲ߻ж˵ף½һ飬Ҫ½һȡ۹ҵȨǿڵ۹ĵλ½ݷɽܽӼɳ˴ϲĴ󽫡
½棬ٲһοʮ۹ĵһ۹壬ҲĲͼƻ½ζߣ˵ʵڵģǳŭ˵ڱݺݵ˵˼ıĺݻǻ̿˼졣ͷɽڼηκˣٴﻹƫƫ٣ձḶ̌ѹձ½ǰӰСӣη
촨ϰͰ͵ܹȪҪٵĲ˵Ҫʲô
˻Ȫ棬ͷϵѾٵתһ㶼и
ģûʲôһֱ˵ȥٸ̸ֺУһʼ̬ȺǿӲҪضԼҪǸ⳥ҪҪ볯ٸµĵžһЩ¾ͻɱãΪȡøĺôǵĵŸһЩôҲҪճľ볯Ҫǡ
ʣڴϵĿУôôڳЦ
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ȻȵˮУͷɽԼǵڶǺ绽꣬߶ôıƻǱٵĴãΧֶ⺺һ㣡
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ϲûпͷɽɫֻǵļ˵ȥô໴볯һкӹǱȻһѹһĴڡ˵һԽܸԽãԽһֱͻȥԽãǷֵʱϣĻǳڲ˻Ȩ
ϵĻͣãͷɽɰͰ͵ٴ˴ãͶأ۹ҵؽгɡ֪ϾתЩΪʲô
е֮ƺҲȫйˣǺЦų֣һֱںԶԶȺŮǿľٶæ鲽߹ϻһӣŮϲɣ˯ۡǰŮһֵСĵķųϢĵطȥϲŻͷЦ߸ЩһΪ½Ľô־ʿͷ缱˸ߵδ桭ɽؾ˼
ǣϾ˼أ
ֻҪһ㣬ȫһ鱨һһΪȫҪ
ˣעҪ군ôҪǱϵ壬Ҫδǵ۹ݻ١
ͷɽګګʣɫ£૵˵ˡҵˣôֿϾǶ֪δҪ鰡

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ٵһ˿޵óવġڴϣӣҲ֪Щʲô̫̫εɫ
ǰģ»ñѾû˶ӡһɥ˵ֿޣ˵鴦סڵͷӢڴ졢պͲ棬ƫŴɫ
׵»Ŀ߸һ䣬ĵôôģ
۹ⶼϣвһ£õĿڣʢŭһþ鴦һ»ϷүԻػТ˵»ﳼϷү׼ֵʲôҪϷүҪ
û뵽仰ȴŭ˴棿ҲҪ棡һ߶»һػһ߶þ鴦˰ˣǷūšҿ̱׼ͷӵ⣡
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תƽҲˣϺ̰ôôɣһգ̵ܶҳԵĺȵģְɡūҲΪ˽˵¶Ҳ˳˭֪ôҳص飡ʲôˣ
һۣ񽻴
»ؾԺӢǴˡһãش»ýУǿɲôͿϷүҪŵġ
»ھóԺúȣһշܰݿ͡в׵ģĸӰսҲֻװͿ
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ڰ˰ΣƲŽͰ͵飬ףձ˲á
ԣСձҰģ
Ȼ쳯Ϲˣ
ֽ棬زǣ
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͵͵һɫǰʧǼ꣬ǾûʧصĹҲڣҲûиʵҲΪοղҲʧְֻʧ׼鴦׼Ĵ֡
ָͷ޽Ǵһ͵ˣüһӽһµ˲죡»ɹܵģ
һĻҪڣΪءȴȻ˻֣ɣūŷ¶ôʹ򣬸쾭壡»֪˲ǣҲóѵ˲ʹܾ꣬¶͵ˡйҲǲǣ㵽Էȥȥؾһ£ҲҪ͵ӣ󱸵ıȥ
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һЦҪǿӵܾ㻹¶ŽҲ˵ɾľ飬˵ʲôҲָ㡭һôһ֧ǿڻ첻ܵزգ˭Ҳܲͷϣƫƫ˴󹦣ôѡ
Ų˵ɫȥΧ˶ס˺һʱһ㣬ýġ
¶鷳Ҫʲô»˵仰׻ҪòҪãҪǲҪ߻˭ץȥ㱻񾡹Ҳ˵ˣôҲ


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۶ļһıͶУŽһһӵ½ΡǵľУЩʷǸ򱱣˴Ӱ쵽ҹϾĹС˸һ飬˸ҵǵʲôҵľٶֻǷӡʹֻھЩ˺ǵľʿǽʹգ
ľһһݵĽ籨򵽱󣬴ߴٻ뺺ǣʲô㾭ֵ˰һƤҲ׷ѾߵĶ
ӾТЩ½Ѿ˽̾ϢӾТȴһ˵ʲô
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Щӣһֱ͵͵ĿŽĵİᶫһ߶ϵķȥʴûСЩһʴ½˾ͿСһ죬ٵ飬˼һӶˣڹܶǵĺӣ˵׷һЩﳯϵ飬Щ
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ӾТ͵תͷҶ˧ǵˣ
ش˿ڴԼƵ¥εˣش˻Ҷ˧Ѿ˺ǣǼˣ໹һʱ
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һڼ󽫾ǰǸ˾СĴ󳼵ɺˣ¾ɵóԲ˶ߣҲ̫̰ˣǮŹ
ӾТ͵ĵһۣɫȻÿҪǵ˭һЩˣǼм䣬Ҳֻţ

ش˧Ļѵǣ̽رӾТ£ںǶӭ˧
ʢһǰ棬ڵϣ󳵻رϢΧڷ⳵ĳǳûһԣˮϢ
⳵ӻʴҵٳƥϲʱʮʷԱ죬ߵͲƽµĵط˺һҶ־ĸʲϣӵʱߺȼޣЩʷһЩһ·۵һֻһҶ־ᶽо󳵾ôǰ
ʢĶҲϵϡϡģƽҰѵðտ߰·ֱֺǣǧ͵ֵͬķź򡣾װǹЩĿһߵýп졣̨Զ򣬳ҲžңӾТδι̵ĶԵطͳΣ;ʳ۶Ӧɵط칩ӦԭطٲΪΪɵһĨڡֻԼץӣʳӦӵݶιһ·ɹҡ·Ѿ컹ûǣ⻹ҶҪɱǵľ֮µٶˡ
ҶűڰúδĵԪģµĵ籨ӾТʹһҶ־Ͷʱ·㾫Ҫʢɿϵǡ
ԭһҪǿ㵽ǣάסһѾˣǲһ壬رջڽʱ»Ҫסʸ⣬м䶼͸˼Լ콻ҪǳܹԾЧһþֹɡ
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˴Ҳ˺ǣƴң۵һҲûװ˳Եʳײװһӣĵֱˮ˧ţǲҪѡȱȥ
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һͿᶽܱѪķ˳ǰҲ򻰣˳
Ҷ־ڿ棬Ҳ͵ͷˮ̺һڣھûзϻǱߴǶ߷ˣһæŰᶫءҴѾ˺ǣҲ֪ʢų̣Ҳˣȥѡ棬ȫ㣬ǰѶ¶ǺҪʱ̧óģԶʳĶôף
ȻӦǣ˧򰲰ɣһ룬¶ʡã»Ӫаˣǹ׼ǣ
Ҷ־Ц԰룿ҸǸӵҳ˾ͲǶҪһݶأҲûа׳ġȥ¸ӵĺҪ

ǶţӭϹղ̶˳Ĵɴñڴڴ̫º꣬׵ȴҶ־ĴӸÿ˶һСﲻϵĹһͨĳϴӱŶһͨʢǰ滹жԶ
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˽ǰſЩŴĭĽ
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ӾТڽֿϷɫͺ˸粢磺Ӵ󳼣Ҷ˧ҪתôĻӴֻҪͱͬЭ⳯ʾʯ֮
֮⻹ʲôģӾТһҳϷܷӴ֮󣬳¹ڱһ壡

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ǧ֮ıú԰ڣ»һֱð亹
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ǳãǲãӴûתô죬ҵ裬Ҳϵ仰ϣ
һӦԥǳһǸ쵰һÿû˱ϣؾʦУҪԲԲҪͱ⣿
ת֮䣬һʱЩָͷĻ˵ղο󳼵ĲʹصʦҪһ͵ĳǣӢ;Ǳû򲻵ίԱĲʹˡ
;˼еúܣӾǵŵӱ˼ڸǿף̫ƽ֮б˷⽮ĻᡣڳϵЩ绽ĵطسһã˭Ƕץץ˵λΪйʯ
һ֧սˣƽ˳ʵĽ¾Сô»Ļᣬǰ϶飡壬֧
ȻϷүɵ׵һҲǳ͢ץסسʶļɵѡ˭ҲûΪһвʲô֧ǿ˿ϧѰǧļӪװҪǮҪľҪı£治˵˵ѵġ¾ʦ˶һı¶úܣһΪı£ȻҲ˵һڳʵĵλҶ˳ֲôΪһĽ
ҪǽûˣָԼһ֧ǿ
һ˰裬Ϸү˼ɵ˵ͻȻ̨ˣʱ˭ʰ֧»Ȩ˭ܱڳʶ׹ʸ
»Ժ˽ս֪˶ãҲһֱǾġӢס˺
»һͷϷүˣҪ֧ں˴ر⣬Ҫǣǵһ׮ҲҪһĹ䣡ϷүٸūһᣬֻҪһһʲôѱ͢סūһУΪ壬ΪϷүЧ

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һԼᱳʹӪʹĻʿоѲӣһδʳʳһ߲ߵļơ
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ȳǣҲǿ֧µ۸СʼǱӣǱĶҲֻǰ΢Цʺǵˣάϵ֧ӵȫڣ
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䣬߸ʲ˻ѣԶԶľһˣںһӪĴ
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˻£һĺΪˣǹ´ʣһʱһӣҪúʹ˵ѡһĻ͢ѡá
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һȴûн磬°ͣݹ滹˵Ǹ˺ĺû̧ã¶ЩηۿҪãǼһȥʢ˵ʲôŷˣֵӲóüһϰߣ룬ƺٶôЩ˲Űɡ
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Ա߽Ĭĵݸ˴һԵʢôͻһںʲǶЩﵹȫſ˲ӣһţôʺ¶ˣǽһһ
Ļ˼еһȻ̧ͷĿģƺڴδʲôһˣǿʼѣ꣬Ǽ磡
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µǩѺڷصķæ˹ȥʰűͷһصĹġ
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ֱ裬裡ⱲӴδӣҪһ
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ʿҲЦãɣһһգǱͲðһգΪȻó͢ףһ죬ԱֲΪǣȡһȷһ֡˵Ǳߡ
һ֣ʿҪ˵ȥˣҲãô˵Ҷ־볯ձСĵҲһЩˡʣҲһõ顣Ըһ¶ϣҾͺƴƴҵסһڳʼΪˣţǸģϧ̫֪˰

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һģ꣬ƿ󳼹ۡʽ鷿šƻ֮£Ϳһڷ룬Բ۾ĳ꣬ͷдʲô
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һֻֿ͢Ըп
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ǺǺһЦȻվǶǿ飬ȴȲҪȥղӵģһЦļת̷ͬˣһΪ챨ֽòֺԸСطأ
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ٸԶϺ̷ӣ̺ͬһֱһЩطҲнҰ֮ĵλԽȹˡҲûǸݽʱģ˵Ĳɷ
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һղŹٲǰéĲļģѾйģúԺһӦȫô׷ţ͵״լڻء
Ǹʱνİÿ깩ôסٰƽĸССطҪŷʽ԰ģװһʵ£ѾǿԷЩطתתȥסΣʵûʲô̫ϵġסˣϲҲŵطء
ҪԭڸԷʵ̫࣬ټϱϾ峯󳼣и⡣һҪ٣žʩҲԼʹѾͷټӾТ͵Ƕ˫̥ҲղӾͲɷ˵ĳȸ޽ŹԴˣǺƤĵǾ䷹
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½ƽݣĻ˶עЭͳľ١ù½ƽãҲأǿԷʹõ˲ţһ纣ԱĹЧǶĿûгôУһֳ̬ȡ˵Щ󱳾ľ٣ĺܶΪҲʱΪȻġ
ܵ˵Ӹɲ㵥ڶǽݡѾһپ٣һˡŵطЩС٣ҵĻᣬȥһƵǨѾǼᶽܱҲǼᶽѫܱ˰ͼ³ºţ˫ۻᣬӡǨ֮٣ҲŵϺˣ˸Ļͥڳƽ֮ʱûʲôõҪرĻϲ⣬ĳϷصĶ
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԰ٳ˲ͻĳ̨룬ŰñӵĴŵͳʦǱϹϾڲ̨֮󣬵ȴȡʳŰɫӵǾڼ䣬ڰɫӺ棬ǷĿ棬˸ɫƣкˮˮһӦȫ
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ڴȺУһߴ˱ģΧסķʡ˴ŴıǣɫȻǺһһ֮ԵĴ庣˰˾յ£վʿҲɫٲȻƺڵЩʣȥȥʼǺյǶ˵
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ΪĹԱҺԸҵ⽻¸¡ջ̵ĳǽҺ³ŬΪ̸άһѺ̹ϵաڶжϣǳȻġ
յ̸УûдӢ۹־Ӣ۹ǲǵշףᵼ¶˹۹Զţ
סӶĹԱ£ǰ¡ΪһӢ˵ݣӰλ̸ĺƽҲǱ˵뷨ϵ۱ӣλ̸ǳ˳ǵȻô
յ¸˶̸Уڻ͵ġҲע⵽ϣڱʵ콫ûԼձ׷ĿǳʵķװҪȫ泷콫ĲӣҲ᳷ô
һ֣յϵļ鴤һ£ƺǵһȥĳһΣǴɨλߣ˵ոͷӡǿһЦش𣬱ϾҲǱġ
ʿ˵˼ģʿһЦɨǼһۣ΢ЦһҲҴ峼ӣöžԵԼλϸۣƽһ鷳սǺͱͬˣ
˵ĵһ󣬻뷢ʡֶͻȻŵ˷׷վվŵҲ׷԰ڡ
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վձһۣձ˼˹ĳһʮȾϹ΢Ц߳˰벽Ҳ԰һЦʾһ£ֶֹ
λŮʿѣͻᣬ̸֮еĲй˽ѣǲ̸аԺձȫȨʹ
ձ˸ϽǹİϹ
ͻλĶǾƵѣղͷӺͷʹһʽĻ̸ܡԸ߸λǵľǣմ˴ν棬Բɣգ鲼
˵ʮ㣬йԵøߴǱֱзս֮Թƺһ벽ʹЦƣǸǹһƬһһֶ֣ٴﻶͷӻ׺͵Цݣ볡к𻰶ˡɫҲڲס
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أһ곷ɾҲ䣬Ҵڷϵ䣡Щ˵ȥôһȥձһ⣬ΪΪںǱҵձˣձǸꡭ
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һ뿪ʣ֧һҪ볯ʣһﵷҽ˳ʺ;֡ͷҵҵܻˣ


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ЭĴٳϣĽŲ쳾һӶӵʿӣԱ㲽ȻһȺӲ˵ǰͨÿʿȫװߣ¾±¾ѥ̺˴̵İ˰ʽ첽ǹĿбӣֻȫעٵĿ
Щͬľ٣վڶͷÿӣǰ棬ӹ٣ڹ١޿ޣָӵߵñʿҪ׼
ЭݴĲӣ˻ǸѵħһҪľϸļɣüɺͷѵоǾԵͬЭڽУݷñõóֵġһμģϣܿɾ£ɲȱ´أм仹˱ҡ̸ʲôս̸ϵģҪ˿Ҳֻܿʵ
Ϊ˸߱ˣĽܳʱộжôȱݣĵȷȷһ֧ģнֹľӣ
͵Ϊֹˡ飬һ֧ľӡվ˵ʱԲۡٵͷϣִ޵еĲٰ졣侳֪Ƕôѣ
˲ѡ䣬ҩô䴢ִУͳ˧γͨʲôȻΪҰսսӽģжĹҪ־νҪϿ⣬ӵƽʱƺսʱΣĻ䱸ʺڵȡѵƻѵֶΣսʱԱƻյĵ̵ԴϼƻҪҪԤҪֶΡЩĽ취նָһʣıƶȡ
·չѾһҪܼĿѧˡһԲ߱ⷽҲûôྫͳܾ彨顣µıѧ٣ѾǾõˣǵΪģľ¿γҲв൱¾ɡѧپ͸˵ָӵʿʸǴ磬˭ҲЦ˭
ӱշתƸһЩ˽̹٣Ծɻе㾭飬Ǵͳ˧ıҲҡͷȽϿ졣Щ˶ģ˲𵱳Ǹ¼١ЭѵϤѵǿԣһξͲˡ
˸µĽһĸ¾ĸ֣ϹϹײһЩʱ͹ƶȣҲһϵҶȵķս£õһҲѪ𡣸Ļǿó棬ǻѪǰ棬ټϿᵽʿϰߵľ¼ɣŰѲϳӡ
һĿУһֱмʱ޲ҲףڵĽǲãշתļĵ־۹½ܲıǰУ״ĺһЩԱ˲֮һˡ
Щ죬״ɽ߼㣬һʽĽӷ磬õסһҲһʱû̸Ҳû̷̸ֻͬǰͬͬϵĻתתһ;֮һԼ۲һ¡ҲûԼʲǵͬ鵱УǵĵҲܿǵ̬ȷӦҪܰ˲ţǴнˮʳͣ
ЩӣҲϸоλ״УĲϡ״ĳڶ³ʿСͥݿˣǾ¹塣Ⱦ˵նʿŵһʿкͲͨʷԸֱ½飬׷ë棬ڸĸ³ʿƵĹ̵УֲǹѪͳûصĿɽܶʱɴ౻ܲıĵơ˵ܲııӦǴʼյģΪ־۹ľƶѾƾڼˡܲıҲһˡôʲôı﷽۲Ͼ£Ҳûᡣ
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Уľ״۵÷ǳһ̲סҪΪͷӾһ֮ͬᡣ
׮׮һʮǰ־۹½У״ģۿнǧİٹƽۺϵʱԪһǧԪİӢĳнˮջ¡״УȻУһ㵱ԼһùľɲȻŷϸ⺣֮سʡ
ʿǽŲĳӲȺΧƮһһͬոµľװװյýģָӵʱ͵۴״ĺߵЩžʽ³ʿǰ¹ıӢǡ
վߣˮֻĶĶ顣עÿһ΢Сϸڣÿһ㲽΢ңǹƲλɫֳһ֡Ҳÿ״һۡ
״ѾʮϼһˣȻֱͷѾ뻨ף̬ŰĴ³ʿʽĵƬ۾Ŀޱ飬ݵ۾ɫģžһӶӵĴǰÿһУĿںеĹâһ֡Ҳֱͦһ֣Щ׷ľɲȻžʽѾһģˡǰһ㾭ĶУһɫЩпżһ£ת
û뵽һûңԶȣЩ˵űӣ̵ĻˣȻҲô룬ʿ߰һ֧ӣ
УһͻȻͷھȻǵ״Σ֧Ҫһƽľӣ
ڿ״һĵЩ﷨֣Ƿ൱׼Ŀùֵ峯һۣĹΣƸ۽˵൱ڵ¹½ڶߵ󳼡ɺ͵¹½ڶ󳼵ְȨĲͬ۲һҲý͡
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˵ѵʵʱ򣬿״ƽ΢΢ƺе㳰
лŶǾݵͬŶԾϵԾ⡣ȻҲ֪ôģǣϲ
״˵ʱ΢΢ͷѯһֱЩ¹˵ͨ룬ԭԭķ롣ȻɫӢͦȻںЩ¹˱˭һЩƵġ
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һӼߵУ˼죬Թ治١ͷȻɫ飬ֻǱƽһ˵ȥ
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˼ƻгڶѵǾսҪԴģֻոһյѵ򵥵ѵоѵһ֧ӣҪƵѵٺѵƻûпκεѵѵѵļƻͱʿҪоͨѶ䣬ڱϣǣ죬ҪϣźŵϡͬҪָӣӪָӣָӣսŵָӵݣЩƶѭ򽥽ѵƻ档ģֻʿڲϵĽлģҹֵĸĥ˵ѵʿķҲкôԲǶһ֧Чսľѵ
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״ϵһֱ˵ȥ˲ά˿ûܽᵽ󣬾ΪһеľٶǲϸģǲƵġӵƴª˼㣬ҪһܵϵӾ٣ǲı٣Ҫ¯졣ʿҲҪ׵ѵ
Ѿɫ࣬ЭݺᱱʣΪ֧ѪĲӣžȥҲܺ;Ļһ¡ЭƽǣһٻձʹӾͲˡϲӻҪߣû뵽ȴ˵˲
ļϣҲһ˲飬תۼƽɫļԹۡ
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үģͷΪ˼ҲΪ˶ǧİнˮȺϵԤ۵ıһҪһƽŵģ
һ̲סҪˣ뵱ӣƷʲôŷ˹˵ӣϾ˵ٲ̬ȡЩϼһҪһɳǲſϷǮƵġ
һֻǵһЦǵĶԻǵȻ߱׼Ҫ
Ϊڴ٣ôһ֧Ӿ͹ˡڴҿܶ飬ǾܽġڲУӾһڴˣ̫ʹϵĹǡ
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˵ֻʨ˯ɡǲҵֻʨǽһΰҽȫȨΪܹŶӡκҪǸʵĸʵʩļʲô˲žļʲô˲ţ뽨ʲôѧУͽʲôѧУǽһĸѧУʲôϵ˸ͽʲô˸ǿԽδ˵ıȫʵ֣ҪģûеĹǡǿҲĸκţ
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״ժ˾ƬĴһһƵ̾һ£ǸϾˣϵۡ

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Ӣ֣ϹϾվĻСͤӵŮӷţڻӴȥͿ̲⸡
ڵҲǱӵ۶ΪԶļڡ
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һȴȻɫӢԱЦŲ𻰶⻰ô˵ǸԡϷү£һǿĻҰ£ҲҪ˵ġǴԼҲô¿ʮꡣ»̨ߵ̨ǰ
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Ŀһһ˿飺ʦƤĹӣʮ˰ɣë˱߶ֻ¸һЩޡѧģµİɡ
ͬȦ΢΢һ죬סϣֻҪϳټګ£Ҳůġ
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ͬһǻʶĻͷһԶԶ˿ȫǶԻ̫๬ŮǡѹҪ¾лᣡٲǴˣ
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ͬŶͽĻһֲ©϶ʱг΢Цϡһ˳͢ӣ
һָͬͷ㿪ˣһӺųϷүڿⲦʵһñЧϷүٵģϷүݶѵתѣ򺣹ָÿʮĳãȫ»ˣǮҲûһһûó͢һǮ˰ǧ˵ľҲûе̣ľѹγʺһӡĳţȫµȥ
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ܣһһ졣ϣϳ˵ĻʦЩүǶ»϶һģֻҪϹţȨضһģʲô壡
ͬѾ˵ǶĭһƮɫȻǸԵãֱҪð
ҲţɫԽԽࡣ
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͵תϷүڼ˾֮ԣҪܡǿˣֳͷˣ㿴˳۰ˣ統걻һã̼ңǵÿͷ±ĵλȨҪƣǸЭѧʿȱҲˡ˼޵Ķ
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ڰ֣ȴֽסƺûˣˣԽԽȥˣѧ磡Ǹѧ̷ͬеȻ֮ô޸޾Ķ
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ػϵĻϳǸѧ̷ͬһ֮٣ڳʽСһͳǸѧǰ˰ؾ֮ʥ֮ѧ£׼Ч͢Ч壬Чһϵġ
죬üͷýģְ˰֣˵һ̷ͬһ壬԰ţ̻ͬػԹԵķԸ԰屾¹ĺ¶˵ȻģҲǹרһЩڶ̫ʷдҲ뷨ӣôûļ塣˵ȥϾǸЦ
󣬹ƽУڴһڴɫʡ

˵ú԰ɫɪôڳʴͬ＾ȴһĻ
ֻϴ󾩳Ҳġ
۵ĵƺǸźһ㣬ĴˣͨͬӿһǮˮһ㣬ڽǮܼķΧ֮ѹ˲ţ׼ʡҲԴԴϵĲɹͶװжСǶøԵĻԷЩװ棬֬Ĳǹҩڣ߻ǹʽҰսڣװTͱˮ̵ѥŸıǣи½ıǡ
һղ󳼣ŽյȨϾĽǮȥЩɱһһ˹ʵ۵ٳЩõĻؿۣɹļ۸ȻȸضһЩ
ָ޵˲Ŷ˹ȽǣǲֱͶ뵽صС˸ѧУ˵һڵνҵ裬ҲֻһģһеһСһҩ֣һúͲɽĹءģԳƵ䣬ҵֹģȫ޷ͳɱ˵ȫڿӪĹģҲ޷ѼĴ˲ţ֮һɲˡ
Ӣú󹤳ʦоĲúˣ¹ĻѧҵʦĿ⹤ʦּʦ͹ˣ˹۹ѧңϷӢ˹صķ֯ʦ֯һнˮϷĺҵζ֧ʮнˮͿɹ۵ְ𡭡ƸȴֶһѧУͬе¶űӵѧдʢѧͽĻӵܣϺСǹͬصͲʿͥӵܣƶʶ֮ޡϡͿıʢ޶ͨʢ·߻ִֵһİĹң˿õСϿξȻнãϿΣҪϸľѵҵ֯ߺʵ߻йǵļҪǰѵǽּԵͨпʮսƶּԣΪҵ׼һӳʿʼҲѵĿʼ
ָĿγ̶ͰĿʼЩѾҵɹҵļʦǴǵ֪ʶ;顣ȻһʼЦٳ״֡ҺðѧĶЩһİ컪УĹǸԱȻý̼Σǰѧ鶼ḻޱȣûЩ͢½ĽѧίԱ˾µĹɣ˻һϵЩѼϼܵ˽ʦܺùͨһƬæҵоȻҲ֧ˡ
ЩССĹҵ裬ڲſһڳʽһҵسֻΪЩѧʵϰйȱ֪ʶӣĻѧҲûе߲ʵĵزһ֧ܶôۣλƣһٰѵļ飬ȴϴΪȱġ
ӣδҵӡڽṩЩʵһԼаաΣԼ顣
ЩЩ뵱Ȼ涼ļѧУѸٳĸ־ѵȴǾȻ򣬺ɭϡٴӽгϴξжбʿҲõѡΡвıѵӣ¼ѵӣڱٳɶӡʿʿѵӡȫǿ״ͷһֲٰ졣һ´κβӳӿ״ĵһ㣡
Ϊ˿״ʿ룬һı˴ơʿײ㣬ԭֻսرһľĿĿЩȫƲǽʿ٣;ٵĴ⣬ʹ͵رҲ󡣻ĿòǮۣܻ쵽ĶõñǶˡһϿ״ģʿѵĿĿ߸ڸӵĿĿͶӹٳƽĿĿҲһнˮʲôʿٵ׾ˡ˵ʵڵģʿƶΪģ׼һֻҪûûˣʮ֮ھͱ۸Աˣǵְҵġ״İ³ʿ־ʿѵƶȣһҲֹɡ
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˿ߵСǸ»ܲ˽Լָİףļˣڱı˶ҪġԼ·ЩӻҪǰɨɾžѾľ͵ȥǸϵˡԼս鱨ϵͳҲҪ裬ϾҪڸһ齫ֺս鱨ϵͳĽ˿һ˭ΪԭŰͰ͵ĸǡһѾպ̸˺üˣŮ˶̸һء
һʶıܿԼǸ̷̷ͬͬȻóġͷһ̷ͬĿ⾼͸˼ûɵľһЩԼԼɱ̷̸̷ܿͬͬҲסվڹۡͣ轣ƺöһҪġ
һҲ̷֪ͬԼǲܲġһͽԼʰɾһҲ̷ֱͬӵСԺ
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ͬЦеļǴ飺ǻһ仰̧죬ھֲȮˣӵӦġ
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ȴˣ˲û̧죡̧¶ڹ֮˲Ķ䡣ʱԴ뻻ݡĹҲ뷨ӡڣ˭̧죬ϱףǬЩòҵҲȥˡԭЩžǸͳܱġﻹЩȱһʵȱ˾˵ͷƷᶽ޿ٱˡҪľǣûմţΪЧȻ飬Щʲô
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Դ˵һͨһѾ˫ϥءһڵģǴδе䣡

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ݣݰǲвɫǸɴû顣
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ԼԴܹǰô
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ʱӦþڴ˧֮£ΪұϷүʥд˻ͻּܲҲǴ˧£
ڳʺԭԺլۡãҶ־ЦıȭҾӭӾǸָĿ⡣ᶽΣûղͷΣӦƾţ˧ƺԴĵ籨һ˼ҽ籨һģ壬˧ˡ
լڶ̶̼Ѿˣھۼеľ٣Ǳˮ½ʦľᶽ߰˸ܱĸ漷ǵǵġɤŴֱ˶˸߲ҡ
Ҷ־ڵź۾Цųһ࣬ھءҲ÷ɿ죬ֻǴЩǵı顣
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ԸһʹһżƽվźøӾģСȰһլɢɢһǸɫ̬ȡֵһ̾ġλ˧Դе˰ôհǰ˺İ
һ跨ʱ⣬ǸϽرӰǮү·ҵӡţҪ˽ҲֶھЩǮׯ滹еСӣ˳ʵ㽻飬ծҲûⰡֻҪܱû壬ܵȥĶоԼһƲķģ
ƽһף죬ڷʰңʱһΪӳ侲רҵ¹ӵĻٱרҵôҲﲻסĵĻϲһЦøƵġæĸһߡֻҪ˳һûйȥĿ
һʱأԺиͷһš滹סȻһΪȻĴԱ顣ŷԸȥͳԼլߡȴ·ʲôһתͿȳϵĿԼǲҲزסЦ⣬Ǵĵױĳ˷ܡ
С˸ʲôһ΢΢е㲻ˬһǽȥԤװôҸʲôʱҵҪˣ
Ĵ˸ǧܴĻػش˵Ļʾˣ½·ˮ·ˮ·ҪĴǰ˵ǵĴӦİ취Ǹʲĸ˵˵һ䵭ºҪ½·ˣð½·ȥʱ̫ϻر
رʲôһʶľͷһ䡣һӵĺðˣˣرôӶԸЩ˵СӣǾүǶصҪͨ·»ȥⱴӲҪôҲү˵ˣǽһָ˴ǿȥ
һһ³ǻһ˿޵Ц⣬Ŀ
ԭǸھݰͰͣһ·ϵŻƴӵƦꡣĥѾǼװյýģһϢԭСѾɹϺڣƤϾ൫Ѿϴ÷ףм޲ĺۼϾգ߰ġ
ҪģѾһֶھ˵ϢһɣֻҪһ޷ˡ
ǣƫƫˡ
һе㷢ëǸղһǰ˵ô໰ѾԽơҲֻбֱվӲĵһ
ʮõĸʲ׼ߡ׼ʮƥҪӣ׼ɣжϣǴ½·ߡ
һ£ûаʡȻõҪִУžһ񣺡ȥ׼ʱܳ׼һӵ֮ڣһбã
תҪߣһȴһסЦеĵ㲻ȥء
ˣ۾һԲüëɵñ棺ˣʲӳǵɽ𺣣ҲҪŴ˴ǾǸˣǴΣ켸أ½йһûУˣΪʲô£
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һҭǶԼװ˵ǵͨ죬ֻðһļЦȥ֪ͨլϻȥҶкҲ֪ԼЩʲô
񣬽ӲתߡһЦ򣺡˻ӣҲˣҪ²ӵģЭǳ½ƽЭݣȥĸ
ȫƾ˵ķԸ
شһģһӲĻش

ʱһղ󳼵լĴҲһļɹ
ԭүҪˣ
ӺǱңһϸƽҿʼ֪жӣһûعլˡʩͶž춼һĵѾÿ춼ڶſڵûһܴغϢӪȥСŮûӡôƶ˳ǿûһô޼ɵ
ŮӲʮͣǰһһŮҰ˵ġڸլ濴ķƵܲˡʱ죬Ķ
ǲʶֶͬסլݲϲεСԿ黭󻭣ŪʵˣԴˣͬͷ¶ҰǿǼˣͷٷˣɲָָġ
ȻܳţӾǼӱġžʩһ£Ƕûأʩž黹˼ӡ
ŴӺǻһȻææŽӴˣѧУżլӼ仰ƽ˵үθڲʲôġһЩӣЩŵĸʲǶˡ
ȴ棬ǴģӳͼܵլſڴүϻظȻһˡһϢžʩϽ·ͷָѾǸϽɨøɸɾһšŮȻϵãǱϾҲڱŶүѵûһΣҪүλ˵ķ
žͳʩͽСϴðװ׵ģϲģڣһżһۣһ졣˵ʵڵģʮŮӶԷʵûʲôһ㶼ǱܡҪүԼô֪ĻͿһˡرǶž飬׼Ϊϵٿһأһ˵¶ƣҲҪһǧڶǸˣ
ƽʱ޻̸ȴԶڷֹʩž飬ٿأеԱϸү˵ˣôߣôϸӺ濴ٺÿҲûˡ
žҲʩתͷôߣʲôÿôϸˣү˵ʲôSأүһôңҲ벻
СѾͷһ˼룬һϲͨүˣүˣŲ䣬һȺһһӭ˽
ŮۿһȣίʶľվӭȥһЩӿˣҲһ㣬ԭǰʹЦҲ࣬Ƶе㾫䡣
׼һ򸣶ǵĿӭʱ򡣾Ϳһֻһüͷͷô˸ţʲô֣ɢʮ֮ڣԺǵþμҲɣ
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еѹסһָŶžͳʩԺַסһҴŴ󴲸ǣ⽩ʬ·ȫˣԺò÷ʲôǾʹʲôڶȥҰͷȥϴɾ˵
Ů۾涼ˮģԹ뿪һ̫ʦ棬ԼͷЦʱˣƢˡǰ־ɫŮӦˣǵġȴԼѵûģԼǲȡĵ·֮Ҳ̫ίˣ
ΣԼأӣöһһԼСŮӷƢĸʱӦá
Ŷͷķһ춯žͳʩ˳һС춼̵ϸߡͷҲϴøɾûʬ·һ°׵С˳ĺڷഺ˵ؾСȻɢŮµеĹ
񰡡
СѾͷ˳һһҿߣίίĲ˵һľͻȻľǣʱԼģиණԼԽˣѾӵɫưһ·ʲôúڣģ
һ˫΢΢һžͳʩѾԹԵĽԣֻСèһһǹĳЦҲóǷƢҲ̫ίԼȥĶתתȥĶתתȭٴһҶǣԼҲʲôӣɣ۵һԶ
һŮίҲɢˡֻϲţҲ˵ʲô
ʩ̽ʣܽҵĵҲܺСһ䣬Ҳ
һһЦ㣡͵ɻû޸һڲԭ棬ͦ
ᵽ˲ԭʶʩ͸Ҫڻһһֻǲ˵žеۺ죬ʣҵ
һһֱˣ˿ĳʩҲԲ۾һŶž飬ɫģ׼ʰһ£ߡȥȥʮ֮ڣ

㡭㡭˵ģûƭңҪҵӻ
ž黺վŵĿһ
һ֮ݣͳŮӰٱķҰǺġһٶԽԽºԽԽࡣŶﶼںﱼߣһһһɱʬɽѪžǽⲻǵ˼
һٶزһôʼձôһϵ׵ŮӣԴǴ֮һȻʾҪλ롣һֱûҲææľǲլžС˼ⲻϰ¡
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ÿȻʳǰ˼֪˶ãЩˡʱ˼ĺ仰һ׿˵
žӯӯվ˵ȴһʱҭסʲôҲ˵ʩվǶԴţʵڲᡣҲֻһЦ§һǶž黹ԼʱΨһҲܶº΢Цүѡ
žĿһһָмֵĿ⣬һе顣û㽫ӻӡǺͳĴ㣬ֶֻۣŪա
ʱ򣬲ܲƫ棡ĹٳƣŹеĹԣҲŹе·ֻе̡ԬǾ仰˵úá
µͷΨзŵӲУٳһ·κʱܷеȨλ
ǰµ壬ӣʱҲó
žӣһᡣСľֻˣȥʰһһЦȴԼűšͷһͼųʩĿԼͲҡβˡ
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ҡͷɡ
һˣҪŲǣˣҪúõĹżҡ
תͷ
ȥô֣
Ľëһգһգиӷĵơ
һԼǰЩίˡȥֲȥйͷԼˣȥյģôҲûΣաΣսţڻ֮ǲһ˺ҪԼȥӦٽǼ硭
ʩҲٱԼǿҲá͵Ƿŷŷɡ統УҲѵýʱءһԺУѾðһ档ѩУһɽ֡Լĸʲü԰ףǹҹѲֵһţƤУСŮģůС
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ҲҪȥ
СǿӲʾԼӯӯ˽һʽŮʽ񣬽´ŵѥĴ磬ʺһ۹⡣ƾɫò۵˼㡣ǶӲȥĳ˫̥СѾͷҲʽСһĽΡֻһ۹ˡ
ĵûˣȥɢĵģլ֮⣬Ƿзӯ졣Σգ

һͬ߻زԶһɽͷԶľ
ͬߣɴݽľӪһһƬƬ뻮һЩӪܸܵһ־еɱΧžӪǽҽЩС̴ðŵĺ̡һСӰڴͬߡؽͷ涼ס˲٣С֣ľڽżһԶԶɽȵмصͱһֵͳʡ
ǧúɽھͱЩ˲Ū
ûıɣǽһ֮ѣ̾ǹùĳǺ󣡡
ôأƻ˶׹ϥȴȻܶΪΪ˫صĳ谡ϧǻڶݡпͽձūҡһȷѪ꣬ǳԪˣ˴ǸһųƽңɱôˣȴӾТͿչػ֮£ԾݸλһӾТְͽˡЩ³ӣȴţɺµϴ󽫾Ϊ޴ɱǶ԰Ů󳼵ǳж֮ܰ
ҪϽŮȳҲҪǳʵĻΪֻҪʵˣһ죬ܽЩūɨ⸴ˢǧɽ


ھ ѩ¹ϣ
ڣĵһѩ˼졣Ҳµ÷Ĵ󡣽ǵһѩ֮һƬããġͦεȺ֮䣬ããԽڵļѾһ㱡ĸżӵ׵ѵǱڲϼӺ
˼ңѾţ׼˺˶ȶĸɰӣ⡣жԺĴľͷӡŻ𿻣޷Ůų̸ˡһضҶ˵ЩлֹٵԻλȴũУôѩ죬ȴҪԽɽֵУڲεʱһջ񣬶ҪĲ춼ͳ
һƬôĵأعϡú̿ʯܵɭֲݵӣḻĺˮԴʵ÷·͵ĺأҵҵԴҲ൱ḻﻹһ֮£е½ĴʯһнҵҪԴƬ涼У
ԪľӪƬزűлȹ̱ءŽǿƬģҪļ֮ڱϮ֮ǰС
һ˽ʷУƬϣ˶ٹңŲͬ˼ľƽ֮Ѫʷķƹ֮һжǴƬ濪ʼӰŷ޵һΰ֮ѪɱһνѪȼ֮ɱͷĴʱƣ
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Ӱһʧһӷ׵Ӱѩð˳ߵ˸ղſ·ŵǰϸơȻ෴ͬʧ˴ѩС

һıܷɽȵУѾһƬţƤ񣬾ͽɽȵеƽ档СɽһӰССҲĵȽȣʲôġƬû϶ΧĲһ˿̡ѩ׷׶£ںˮڻ˿˿İ
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Աߣ˼ŮӿЦһεЦˮеأ
˵ʩСǺƤ磬ñˡСúͨͨġĲˮˮ˳۾ģˮе𣡡Ƕž诣žͳʩһֳˮͷͬûǰڲԭ棬ﶼǿˮΪһˮƴĶˮ࣬࣬߬оͺġǹңôõĵط
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˽Ҳеڴ诰ݺ͵λ϶ҵĴ󷿡Ůڳʵʱ򣬸иԵķˣˮžʩһǸǾԱ־롣ŮһУ֮ȫûоˡҲϣʹ˶žʩͬһ
诿˵ֺܺãû߷̣ԼҲչԼССĶžʩȥҲںСŮӴ׽һЩǲ֪ôžʩͶĽᣬǿͿĶԭҲܼ򵥣£ݵλĲ𣬵ȷһ蹵СŮףһҲʲôҲѧ˼Сֺ޵һ׶
ŮΣһǲԶĵط÷ͳʯͷһûһЩʲôһЦźƤʯͷһɣ֪һ飬Լϡ
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վߵߣҲˮ˳ȳЦе𣬿ɱȲǼţɳ´˴ԭϣҽɺã
诵һЦ΢΢ƲƲ죬ôγı˼䣺ҲŲСѾͷƽϣ˵վŵתǶԳ˫ֶ̥תһͷȥˡ
һתͷžͳʩˮˮͭԳеΧ϶ͭ󣬾ǲ֪ƷΣֵֵÿˡ˵Ⱥͭˮգǲˮװ
ž۾ôӲܻͭˮҲšʩȴݣүˮ֪صͭٳˮǻڳ
СѾͷһҲֻһЦվȿȥСӡôû
ǵĶ飬ǰ̤ڵģɼֽһ·϶С̤붫ͰնŸߵķھ¿꣬󳵵꣬չרõ֡·˳ȥ߶ǣһѾˣʲô·ǰǿ硣ǰʮʱ䣬ʱˣǧҪ
ÿһǴӣͷĵطûдضǵϢۿҪͷطʱʱޣôһ㻺ʱ滹ܺͶͷôֻܷԭƻس㡭û̫ʱ䣡˽ҪͷƽӦһУ
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ǾҰսӵĶںƽҵʱҲǳǰĺ֮һְѾЭĸӪ٣ݻǳﶼ൱ߵۡһǱȽϷĵġصĲŵԤг󼸸ȥ̽û뵽һȥӵˣûлرСʱ˵ܳǰϳȥʮ·ȥ
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ʩһ߶СǻȥأҵǡǸӣ˵һӶûŹѩҪȥ׼ʹϢˣ
һųʩһֶµսѩǵӣҪܴȥһӶûѩҲһһ㣬ʲôҶǣҹ˺¶һ仰ۣ
ʩͷ˵ˡĿ˹һȴŶž飬ЩǸΡ
粻϶룬ǾֻлͷˡԺûչϵ֮䣬СѾͷĻżءڣԲʱ֪ʲôҪġ
žȴûһɫֻվԶȥѩ߷䣬Ŀ⵱УֻһȻĽĹâ·ڷѩľͷѾмĵڵȴһ

ȿͻȻһɧʲ̧һӰֱ߱˵Ŀⶼת˹һͶž鲻˵Ҳ·һǳһŵĲѩ
Ǽʲ̧ŵǣɫѾ԰׻࣬ȫѩ۱ꡣ۾ƱշǱգԺġһææһ̽ĿϢƺҪ伸֡һͷʱð˺飬ǵյ׵СӰ
죬𣡽̧棬ܸǵĶù
诱һ󣬿ǵģʱԼᶼˡŽ˵æҵҪ̧ǽʱȴ֪˳ĬԵĹܼңܶʱ˺Ĵڡ
һŹιֻһۡһѽʲӿ־סǵڣһƤϣȻƾŵִӽһ³䣡诰һˣʲôȥ˺塣ž鼱Ա߿ڣ˾ȣ滵ˣ
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²ҪһԸʲǱǾͽȥһžһڴǸ˰һҧȥĺʹ
ͷһƼ诳Ҹ粻ڣôã
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ʹĲͬӵУƽһȻСǻȥľǸĥǾãʼڲͬ־ӢɽһǸʱĳɹѧУеıμסĶ
ǶȻȻŴĵطƬƤ˫ֵݸһмʲҴһڡ
˾͵װ̶Ъּ͡죬ʤ֮
Ȼ̿ƤϵͿĨȴȻɷ裬һǽʦֱʡһѩ⿴꣬Ƥ顣ʰװʱȴҿʲôʱң

ڣˮͷ֮࣬վñֱӶڶ˳һȺͣͦ͹ǵվͷһ࣬ö죬Ȼͷߺÿ˶Цտ
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Ҷ־ֵֻЦȴȻΣͷһͿһͶ鵱վñֱ˫ü罣һϸߣ֮˵ĸ
ѹʲô
ش𣺡ְƷҲƷͼӶƷǻ½Ӫܰ죬ˮʦĵ㣬Ҫ
Χٷ׷ײĿɵһŵǾǿİͷ޺޵һӣȥ㣡Ҷ־ֻǲΪȻĻͷ˵һۣһЦ֣ߣϸ磬ǰӭ֣
˵䣬Ϳ£ٲʿûٷװֻһƤãټһƤĹӣͷϴźñƮЦĹ־´࣬ôһףٲǣҪҿĻһ
Ҷ־ЦҲǰͺʿ֡Ͷʿм䣬ЦŴ˵˸ӣ
ǺȻһЦ׷𣬶ӿ˹ʿЦһһѣһ֮Ҷ־һЦ֣һ·Զ粨ࡣطҲûʲôԤģֻмǿùȥĸòΣƤáҲ׼ˣҲٵúܡ֣Ъ죬Σ
ʿЦݲͷҲصӦΪʲôҪһݳʱ䣿졭ٺ죬ҾͿƽһȥ֮Ӫ飬ƽѵֻûԤϣ
Ҷ־϶ʱеɫҧȫ£Ѿ峯£ܺ۵ˣûأ


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ѩҹʱѾͣɫһǸʱҪࡣվڻ⿴ͷƺҲԭʱգ
ɫ࣬ӳѩ⣬յΧɽһƬ
һֶںߣͦʱ䣬һδһ
ǡɲءʮĵڴѩ溮ĬĬڣԼδţδĸֵܼϡ绨ԼԼɫԸ诣ᾡ˳˼
ѾߵزǸʱ˼άһҲʧΪֺ̡ο龫ǣѩصнȺ򣬵һҲĻ᣿
ֻ˵·̫߱ջֻҪˣ;᲻÷ٴʥͣࡣǧʷӢۣ֪·ȥжôѡٶ飬ȴҲ˱ܡ
ȨֻпȥıȨ󲿷·նηԼûǽеվڶ壬ı˵Ŀܣȴÿ̤·Ϊ֮
ԼԸҲĲŵʱʱɢûûˡһѾɾʱѾԭԼˣ
һͻȻԼ֣ŷȻãȴѾֽűĿĵĳ˼оѹʱһʱ֪Լηͷ£պġλεֱġ
ͻȻ춯һ춷Ѿϡһ˫СůģһŤͷһͿͷ汻ҧǸۼӯӯɫ֮£޲ɷȻʳ˼̻ģ
Ѿͷǲ͵͵ţ
ţ̽ͷ̽أôԻˣ˵ʲô
˵ô
˵֮䣬û
ͰɣҲǴ󷿡ôأ˭Ҳס
ߣۡңаħһҵҸ硭
һ·ͱջòͷǾ仰˭Ҳס
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һЦͻȻִһûһӦѾʲӰ˹ȥɫȥͿľðһ԰ɫС䣬žһͷѩ½ӳ֮䣬⶯ëɫƺѩҪףҪֻ֦֦農Ĵǡ
һͷ¹
ʲǵĶ˳СĶʱͷܣһ֡һǰ¹ʧĵطͻȻͷ졣
ʧ¹¹֮
˶ѣֻһʱеĴԽͣ
ĸʲҲ˲¹׼صԼľλáһѾ׷ȥ¹Ҵ
һǻ˵áʲҲ룬ҲԼǲܵùժǹȾѭ׷ȥ첲ҪģҪģһֻЦ֡
˵磬ǲҪЩŮסǽԼʲôĽɫ
۷ǵʱȿ˶һವľʹһӰǳһ𿴱ûûεӣʵҲڼŵĵȴŶǱ߶ϢټһԼͷ˾ǽǵĶȤζ
ʱһûƽϣȾͳȿڸȥһ诲ŸϵĶѾѩ档诽һӰɫģҲ֪Щʲô

һͳһǰһ󣬸ϵȿڵʱʲѾסӰһ˻е룬Ѿſ
ʲǱѾǰѩ棬ƴǶŽһȴȻŸ첲֡һһϸһơͿֺıӣüëһٸѩһʲôˡ϶Ƥװֻһ˳һһ˸ʵһЩһʲŴѳİĶǹвڹĿƤСذס
һ͵£Ҫ֪Ǵ󵱼ҵĹܸͣסŰ׶ΪƲˣʲô
һһ֣ʲ֣ĵĹһߡӺĨһһֻһ
ǶŴ󵱼ģ
ֻǲ˵ӻ׳һŵ飬˹һһԼдŷӰ¼˵λʦĽͷ취֪һܸģҲֻǶѣ⽪ʦмּǣмַء
һһЦתֽݸҲһЦһڵǶŴ󵱼ҵĹͣλͣһ£·ǰɣʱܸܲϵ
һЩĺӵ۾Ҳû֪·ӣǵɽŴ󵱼ҵ˵ҪƼĶӶˣ
һһʱЩȴûתȥͣͽһƸõӰ˹Ӱ¹һƣѾ۵һ˳ҲƵ˹ȥ壬壡
ȻǶž顣
û˺üë۾ı飬º͵ĶžԴһɷɱģȴǿԼСֶŮĴ鳤Ŷžĸ첲ϸŷֱȭһ񣺡ʶ٣ǶŴ󵱼ҵĹͣһ·öģû˵ģ󵱼ҲȵüǾϳ

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˲֪ѾĿڽдˣĻûáһһЦ֧ʹۿȥɽֵˣԶֻиʲôһϸһͷ¹
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͵ҧһǹصããѩԭһƬѩһɴ۾ƺĿӵεĵûͷ¹ĺԣ
¹־ڱصã
һǹ죬С֮ϣͻȻ˼ʮѩһӰð˳ÿжǹǹ𣬵ѩһ㣬ѾС֮ǰк


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Ц̸ֽʿһҪЩԩءʱӢۣʹӳ

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ʱһҲǽԼˡֱΪЧľ󣬶˵ҲͳΪһȻ
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ǵų͵ƽоصؿһײӴ̵ʵг̵žװϣϴ̵
ڻǹδձʹõʱгߵİгʼǿһ֧ӵļɣģʤ־ţ֧ں֮ھܷгλεĴ̵һߣɽӿʱǰһڼ־۷壡
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ǳɤӵǴѩװϴ̵ԶСӭŵֳУұ㲽ǰӵӹȻֱǰֱҩѩһŵС
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˵վ𣬶һ֣·ɣӲãҲϡǼȥ
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һһ֣ͷǣûǹ򣡡
һѪľӲһ㡣֮䣬ߵĶžͳʩЩ
꼸飬һͻȻʲô첽ľһɽȥ߸ʲǲ֪Ҫʲôĸϡžͳʩȡ
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ˣͻΧȥĴͳ±Ȼǽʦ
ӣڸӦˡ
һһΣվȡ͵ͷ𣺡˭Ҳֹң˭Ҳܣ


ʮ и
һʮ˵ӭһǡԱѪõǡ滹Ů죬һܾŵӡʦŰˣ˵úһһǵĹү˵ʵһ㣬ܹٸаҶ֪žݣһլ涥ǸС檣ܳ衣Ҫһⳡǰŵģ׶ժĺǹǾʲôˣһǵͷ汣ϹٲҲ˵
һɫ࣬ȴǰȻʦ˺ѣһڴֽйͳ±žľǶ˹ȥ־󣬴һĺһΣʱȴһҿԡ
Ϲ۾İ鳣ǽˣôͷǰ̽·СëôֲˣǳԷļһģԼҴ󵱼ҵȥҵģͰǴſ
һʱѾͷǡſ棬ž֪ԹԵԱ߷̣ʩࡣž鿴һĿ⣬Ͷ˼ϣͰ͵ġ
ʱһѪδƽ˭ҪǴͷܲһͷа侲֣ǾʥˡֻغһŵһȺӽʦԽɫ˼֡
һСС飬ǿ֮ȻѾʮ˵Ķ飬Ů죬⧲·ǵķ塣Ͼ̫١
ЩǣһĶԽǿԽ˵ͶòպҲԽǰ̰ǶҲǺ͹ٸѲνλǧ֮ܰСٴ򽻵һȴǻʵзղǴ󵱼ҵĹү
һɫѿǸһҴһڣֱžеûܡղŶǲҪļ۹һһ䡣ôһƬѩҰֻƥϢ̤ѩص
žžǹ죬һ˶һһЩѾڻﱳ׼ʼժǹʦæֹͿһͬһȫǲҽŭǣɱδñҲϣȫѪͰ׻ԽһǹðŰ̡
ҲһȺߵһرˣǰһͺӲ˼ֻֻ֪ЩӣѲ뱨ڳɱ˵ĳ𣿡
һͷͿǴսһЩµ´ŵҵǱϾԺֲܾˡиͶΪҪ˲Ҫƹ
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һŽʦʾ˳ȴеȻʧı顣
᲻ѪҪͶһıʾ˳ôӵǱ潫ת磬ǾӻһǶһĵʩչءͶܸôʲôܸЩʲô
Щ⺷ýݵǶݺµľҲ׼ŪӦԱĻҲ治ⶫһˣ
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ʦɫӣԶȥĳһ̾δʱͻȻһЦеļһţϽ
ЦòҲиʲӵʦҲ֪һؽɻ֪ǳʦֻҿ͵ĸƨһӣҲƵĸȥ

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һֻǳߵǰֽŲ۶ĿĶ룬ֻǸп׺ɣġԭԼеһ⡣ɲԼġ̶깦⻰ô˵š
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žһǶ˦˹ʢȸҶ־ӪӹܴҶҾһҡΡҿ
ƣҪ˵㣡µǾȵͲ֪ߵغˣ˭֪ĸӵĿɣΥʲôԼסѽӿΪ߽䣡
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ֻʣ´һһһϾ£ҲǣƱǰɫĳ˻һ±ӣζĺš
֪˶ãŵˣ췴
һͷҲأǴĽͳղ󳼣ҪסҲôһѣǺнû»ƨ㶼˵췴ȹ㣡
ȫ亹ˣıס
һһмҵ飬ֻ¾ͳɡ
ҧýģˣҪʲô
һһЦŻͷ幫Ĺҵѵ㲻Ҫ嵱챣ݵĹûɹҵ֮ǰ㿴ĸģ
ԽԽ˹ҵֽ
һ˰ΣֻŽһ֮һһٵĵʱƵȨŵϥˣʵˣˡϵ졭ǶǿˣŴ󵱼ҺĸǱݵġãܳôһĺһɢһԶ
亹乵Ĵӽ໬䣬ߵĴֻĿԡ
ŮһˣضԼзϡһȥпڿնҲֻ֣㡣
ûȣ긻ǿʱһ·ѾȺһУ첻µزµģȥ£һţ˼ˬҪôţȨһƥһǹȥõǰǸɿҲûʲô˲ģֵϴͳɡڼȻԽΪֻǿŲ˵ֻһðȺ
ľȻΣ𡭡𡭡ס촽ׯصһͷڵϣҲ
ˣЩ˵͵ˡ

һͳһۣû̲סҡҺԼ˶ôһӶóշЩȥЩĹ˫ǷԼȥ鶼װٱ
ȫΪģģ·Ҫء
ͬʱҪȥͻȻԶԶġľն£ڣ
һЩʲôҲҵĴˣһ˾ͰѴռˣʲô̽ϢˣҪ
ǳֵܣ鵽˵ǰӵϢˣһ𣬿һһۣһڰ֡ʱ⺰˵ʾ±
ֹͿ±±Ѿܳ˻ͷڵðһվǶҲо˵һ͹ˡͲһɶġ
ˣҡѾ̽ǰӵ·ǰӵĻӣаٶˣﲻʮ·ֻҪһԸȥﲻ۾ļһ


ʮ ŪյƽУ
ӻĴӸ߼˳̤ѩ졣
ǰ಼ͷƤӳӡ±ʲõĴǰУһҲǹŹͷɱڵġ
ЩȥٲǿеɢϡϡſǰСﶼХľѣʱὫǰϢʾȥ͵ϮˣǾͻسۣӻ
Щеܵ͵á۾죬ǹ׼ƴϱʱЩӳӣʲôˡ
ЩӺоǶӪӣһֱɽͳ˧ǳսڻǣҿҤҲǡþ֧Ӫӣ˶ȤӪ۷ʱ²ǧˣܺͽ˵°ڿĶ顣Ϊаϸѡʣİٺ׳ӣžͳһװëɪʮһǹһЩҲ٣³˹أȺſǹ͵ʱһװˮ׼·
һĶʮдʲʮڸ߼ﱣԼھ졣֧ССͺӪһһҲûиɽʲȥӪ¼ٵĴ¡ЩӳͶ˼ټʱԳϵóȻȥָӲֻñΪҪ̲ءɴýҪָս¡
ӪӺŵǺȥɲû·ǰ̽кרſź·һͷԣǰѾӾͿԳġһҪӣʱֵӽǮ;նϵΪȫӰٶҲȫˡίίĴţһƥǰҪоܣͰһǰ¶һС
ȫ׼ȥ±ֵЩġ
һСҪ𡣶Щʲô·ΪʲôҪԸôٵģ˵ĸϮɱղ󳼡ǶԳŮ˹ϵǲ̶ӣˡʮȫװӣ⵽İŵͻȻϮûʲôͼһҲţ
ھڳʣҲʱڳʣԵСŪң׼ͱÿһĪİӳ˵ټʲôⵣӾǰϼӽˡ
ʱ±ϢһһʱİʰǣǵΪʲôҪԸһ
ﵱʱ޻һ뵽һ뿴Ǵ⣬ԺŮ²ʡʲôһͷϸһ㣬ȻΥһǻδͷ죬֪֪ôһ֧ģĸ飬ûʲôϵķ
εʱ˰ӡ
ӺǲţǶǶǴ廨Ϲɡȥ˾ȥʣʷˣͻǴ⡣ĴӵӰ˵ˡ뼪ֻкü·Щ͸ϵĻӣڱ߾ôܵˣеӶԸˣû
һͷֻƣ˳۸ţ͢ŶԸһڲԶѾ龫ǵĶԸһ۸ˣղžǿѹţȰиǵĴ¶һģǹɻ͸ѹסˡ
ȥģ浱ӣ˭һѣٰѳɱʬɽѪ۾Ҳգһ£һѳڿϵޡ
СѾͷأӦˣӾͲţСŮ;˲·ɣͷʺˣ
緢׼ȥ۸СһȦŮʱ򡣳һסĸ첲ˣţҪоԼ˼򵥣黹ð첻ǣ۸ŮˣǻûǸϡ
һһȻ֣޷£ĳļʵõùȣѹ̫һʧ̬ˡ˵ףȻ·ֻǸСѡе㼵ʡСôʲôʱƵģľʲô鶼ˡ˵ףⵣӱϾ
һɫе購˵±ЩͶЧҪԹ̵ĺˣվѪţģ
±Ҳ󣺡ӵӳʰˣĨܣδ󿻻ҪǮ
Ҳͷһ£ǾͳݳӦʱţΪ˾ʣ¶ʮˣȴ֪⼸µ֣Ұô˰꣡
ڱģʲôҪ˵˵ӡһѾ侲ˣǸģһۣ˵ʲô˵
λŻŵǴһǧش˵Ļ˵Щаӻӣٶŷּҡ˵ǹʲôиšһﷷεİˣһκ˵
˵ʲôȴǳѵķ
˵ǳһȺĵĴѣ¹Ǽ˵Ҫ⸴ɽšٵĻӣǵǲɢһɾĵģҪȥҳ˵ЩҳԩԺһǴ壬Ҳˡһƨһ乫Ҳû˵ϴ󽫾ΪѣŮѣɾĻӣϴ󽫾ֵģҪŮȳʲôġ
һͳһĶһۡ
ʷ粨ΪǶǣΪЩǾɳҲԩСδûпõĻᣡ
һ۹ƺˣæҡͷ֣㵱ң㵱ң⣬ҿʲôû룬һƬհס
һֺֺЦȴһ̾ŪټŪ˰
ֻŪճŪղŶ԰ɡѾһ߶ȥƵļһ䡣
ԼļƻѾҪˣöˣǶʲôһһ·ڣû仯֮ǲǸ˵ѾΪһ䣬߱ľһŷң·᫵УҪеľ
ǲŪյƽˣðɣɣӰӸɴ췭ظ
͵תͷ±ˣҺˣһӦɱսȫ㸺ֻҪһǰһһʣĶץⳡǵͷϽĹ͡ûУˣͷ϶ӲȥλҲӰĽʲô˵ûУ
һ佪˽еýٸнͳ±һص˵ĺѣ͵̧ͷȴʶĿһľȻĶһۡ
λݺὭĴȴֻתͷȥ
ʿѾ뿪ǣֱƽȡǹٵ̣߰ھͻᵽƽ
һղ󳼹ǩѺڡԱؽվһŻرϢ
һȥ֮󣬽ȫȨǺˡղӺԬϣȴԲ޾͢ͱΪ˶ԸһѾȫϢںǣһһССİ´ת籨´ͱ¼ˡ͢һյǸĵ籨ҲתƽһͻȻԣһоֻֽܹȨ
͢ͱǷҲ֪ȫһϢǲܵġôأֻҪһʱ䣬ֻĻʱ䣬ʲôˣֻܹԹԶľͷȴû뵽һ̷ͬһϯоʹٵΣѾȡ߰ʱ䣡
ԺǷϢݣҲ̾ͰݡԬںǹϵļѾɿĸǻһϢ;ŵĿһһҹİٶȷɴƽ
ʿڵִﺺǣֵڶϳϢֻʿѾ·ˡ
ǻ֣̽ϢĿɨŴһˣֻ̾˵
ʿΪ˱ȥˣ°ôʵնһҲϢ͸ƽһ˵ģʮ֮ڣضȫ̲ϣҪʱ䣬ܴٷһ㣬ʱôҲղˡʿ󷽵ĳһǰҪΣѵ췴ôظһΪбٻ󣬿ɲΪ˵Դ
УǾûе˲һеĵز
ǡ˵ʲôأ£ձȨΪ˼ЩĹٵģףһסһĿͦӣֻĦʽĵĿɭɭĲ֪ڿЩʲôǿɲҳ̽ǲʲô˼
ǰöи͵ĵһִĥְγʵģֻһУ
һδ䶨һûȻ̨֮ǰֻվһս棡
ǳɫղӣƸ뷨һȷµһ˲ţɵɫء
ʱſʼǿҵһִأʲôľ棬ӣܵƶˣ
ֻҪһڣԼ˼ɡֻа취
ô죿˸ϵֻ»ûлƽǸǺã
ڳڣҵ˵
ӻǳĬ֪˶ãղɵĿڣǲӭôûб˼ùٳӦֶΣһЩӡĹٶûвҪǮģⷽҲöãֻҪһʱ䣬ȴ˻Ųһпɺã
˵ʲôѾȰַԣõı֪ܲأ˾ĶԸ˺ͽһ׼ͣߴġǮӦ꣬ûá
ղ۹һͷֻҪ˻ڡƫƫҪȥʲôǼƻǲҸ̫ͣ󵨣̫ŪˡҪǲȥı£Ӧ취ɡǶ᲻壬ҵ취ɡ
Ҷ˵ҧݣƺҪͻȻվһֵӰԣ;סʿ̤ƽ벽ɴ˻һԶ
һᣬԬǸ˵һļƻŶѧңֲҪΪƽңʵ豱ϡֻҪҧ˵ƽҳʵΣĹͱ֮й˾ˡȳ͢¶ľģ˵͹ȥΪʲôһǿ꣬Ҷ̫ףΪžǳųִ˼
ֻҪʿ͸ɱһʿʲô⣬»ѾеطơٳܵĵҲ߱ӣٷۡҲѵ߳һ·
ǺǿĽһļƻȻ̫գҲ̫󵨡ǱϾǿ˵ùȥΪƣƴƴˡ
ȴû뵽Ԭ⽵ˣȴҪȥɱʿܵģ޷ǾǽѣԳ͢ȥĿŵɱּ͢ʹԬӰˣʱʿ£ܳƣ
˵˵̸ǣлôǲǻǺǸ»˻޾ûĵط£
ˡԬȴ벻⡣ֵӶվ۾͸¶ģֻһֺݾ
Σڻʲô취ôʿֻҪƽӪһ٣ǴˣҲûл֮û㵽ʿô죡ھΣʱ򣡡
ǵ壿Ԭοͤʲôʱˣ
ǵĴʷֶּʵǿϣЩԬΪûаز˵Ϊ˸ֹƺ壬֪ܽʲôˣ
ĵĻԬһһ£ְȻ̧ͷÿƺǴ漷ġ
Ԭοͤ鲻ɣǧͶû뵽ٰȥӲģӪٵԴҶˣһٰܣ֮ԬĳѾ޴ȥ壬Ļ·ҿû·̡ѣ
»ȣѵĿʿƽ뿴ֻҪ⼸ʱ䣬Ŵֻܻ֣еסʿ
ıѵȥɱ͢Ĵ󳼣ǻŵ̨ţǳ͢ӣˣ
Ѿ챬ˣ͵İ
Ԭȴֻ˵ľӶѣڣǴ棬ȥ
һ仰ȻֻۿһС
֮ǲૻ֣֪ȥʿǽͰɡǻ᲻
ԬĿ磺ԳҲԳ٣ǰһЩĸңֻҪһǾʲôⶼҴģд˴ľ٣Ŀпûгֻ͢дˣɳңΪȡ⼸ʱ䣡
ҵ˻죬İ𣺡ԼĶ飿ɽͷȻϲ⣡
⻰Ԭòˣֻ͵Цһһֱţɫȴñͷϣ󲽵˳ȥҸ٣Ҹ顣ֻҪܰѲʹŵ˻
֣ƺסݣˣ
ݵȻͷָָԬһﲻʲôˣһ仰˵öԡֻ˵ĶѡƴˣҲʲôˡǵȷǸߵĵ·棡룬С¶ѡ
ѥôУʼձͦӰȥԶԬĬĬĳһҲ˳ȥ
ǻתղӣѾŴ˵ղӽӴǵһת֮䣬۾ѾѪ˿ԵöЩ
ʣɣѾûлͷĵ·ˣ


ʮ Ūյƽ£
罥ˡصѩֵкֱײײҶɳɳ졣ɫҲһҲԶѻɫǻҺڣȴһְƫѪɫ֡
һߣӣаŶˣСʮһ£ôҪѩӣ
һѾһû˯ˣϮΣѵгɱиЩ̫үٽӵЩϢԥĴʳ¯ĽӱϮʮҪЩνĹ³һ򾡡
ѾǸԶˣղѾԶԶӪͣǰϢôһͣ˫ؾ޴͸֧ʱû䣬ҡҡ׹һƺҪԼͷ档θ淺һˮеζǿȥ
ɲǰװܣ
ǰһЩǰ澰󡪡Ҳ㲻ЩƺڷдĸϢֻûͷЩʲǻгﶼĴӵÿüɫ֮䣬Ѿƣ뵽˼һĿɨһֱͦ
һǺЩµǰ󡣶ûǱͦʽׯϵľЩźӡ
ǿɲЩʲô´ͣĺ֮Щµֶɢӵһ𡣸ܱܷĵطЪϢе˻ӵϳѩͲٴƤͳں֬СĵĲϡ
Ϯǿûа㲻ӦģЩʲɫ໹Ҫǿţ˴øǵѩصУޱȡ
һ֧иʹõĶ鰡ǳеĴսսӻˣǽԼƻеóȴٺʲ
һԼԻһ㣬ƽרעǰȺǴϢҲŽ⽪ʦ֪ôģĵúܡ֮£ֻɢȴųڸʲΧɵĶ棬˼ϣ֪Щʲô
һһЦ˹ȥЦСҲۣ˵ģҲ۵òɡڵʰЩӣ
һ·Ӧ˹ĬĬĿһԶɫȻ˵أʱ䡭
ʲôʱ䣿һһ
ʱ̫ˣһԤ֮ȾжˣбԱᳵǰ飬ֱӪҪǡ
һɫǳסڣɾ仰˵ĵĵĵط˵մٳѾȡ㹻ʱ䡣Ѿ㹻ϵȻˣһ
ıˣ죡˵һ䣬ͷٿﻹ˵ʲôӪͻȻɧͿǰһҲƵļ۹ǳ±
ҧסˣҧסˣ
ûİʮأȥܺƣ
ŻµҵģڹͲ죬ɽүүϰͷӣ
ַ׷׷ӭų±̸䣬ͱһ
ˣûʮȣץЩˣ
һ仰һҳһŵ˼ȫһ˵˵ôǣ

±̽Ϣ׼ȷΣû߿գҧЩĻһﲻٰˣҲԶ·ֲ񱾵ظӵӪ˱ƱӿԱܷʳЪȡҪ´ѩѾһܷɽ˶׳ӣֻӲ١߳ǹҲΪʲôǶС٣һǵĲʮţֻܴճôǹװõķ󣬰װȥҲе
Ǿ仰֧ܴսģ۸ϰղ㡣
ûϵһôһ֧ɹǲӪؾϣ߰ˣҲŵòԶҲ࣬۵˻ҳԵţƤˡ
ۿѾϰҹεһаһѩٳδ¡ɭصĺХøȺѾƣ˼ĳǷһеĵ˼ǰ˻ȥεһҵܷ紦һ𣬳һض̽ⷦ
ԶȥԼܿСżһԣôǵ
һԶԶĻ֮󣬾ֱСĵطս˵ЦӱǴ̽ţˣʲôҶӵģ
ЩڶվãԼճԻѾǻ
ҲɣôһֵӲûʰ޼Ǽٶ˪Ƶģ̾ˡ£
ϴ˰Ǿɾó͵۰Ӳǵ˻ӡϴ˵Ķ飬ǻ
ô죿Ӳ˻زȥسʣûûûģ£һʲôɽأǹɢٻȥӿɲɣ
˵˼䣬£ǳ̾ҶһһʱͻȻһɻվ·ȥ
ѩ⵱УԼԼĿһźӰĵ罫ѩѶӲХķ춯ڸǣЩӰһ
һ󺰣ˮˣ
δѣʿѾԼͬĴ߶սӱ㲽Ϯ罫ѩضӲ涼˷ݡڱϣȻð˻𻨣
žžžǹ죬ǹ׼þˡʮʮĹǹǹ̹Ļͷҽž͵˺˻ҽеʱеͷܣǶӺӰѾҲƵĴӹһѪеĵڵģӲĽԴ
ͨӪݵصΨһһһЩĲҽкǹѾӪأҷ׷׵񡣺ӰѾ˴ĳӪء̽ʵڷŵòԶ
ЩӰ׳һ߹ޣƹˤõǣ֬ĽӰͲĻһξţĴʱڡճһӰ̵Ҵܡ
ӪһƬҽУ˶ˣӣ֮£ܿ޾ӿǹӵﵽҷɡ߼һԴϺӶűӣƤһԵķŻɱˣһƾ֪Щضڣ
ЩҲǻˣΧ״֪군ڻʮưɣҲûɵȥֿǣûĲG˵һɢݵȥ
Ⱥлмõģһ֪ûӵľ飬ϾȻ·˯ҲڲҪļȺײܣʱȻռ˴ٶıˣû֮ǰ˸ǰľͳݵĴС
Ӫصҿɱ·ǹŻЩҲ׷ǡһСߵĹھûüʤЦݡִܳ߰˸Ӱһѽѩʱһȭͷֻʣ²ҽеķݶˡ
ǳڼ󽫾ǲɱң
С˻ѣ˸Ʒ˲١һģӰһǹƥ˻ѹűˣɽһֱ
Ǹճɻ𺣵ӪأǰɽĻѣǵĲ֪ж٣ҽӶ棬һźɭɭǹָǣ
һЩѾһЩ˸㲻״¿ţֱ˰
Ծɽ£һǣĸһ󡣶ýһʲôˣǰѾ֤һС
Щǰ̶ʮӣѾһ͵ϮȥӪ£ȷûһ֮㡣ռžƵ£ĵĵȵ˰ҹЩӾ͵ʱһھһȺǣ
һͷ˰֡¶˴ĽҲɫ⵶ඣ
ߣ𱨵ʹ죡

ųȥĶǵ˿ʱų˻կǽ͵ȵļ١ǲŽǵսļﲻõղھ죬һʹʣûд˵ϢǻתûУ˼ζǲ֪֮󣬼λ´µɫͺÿȥˡ
ܲ˵ĸθɴཫ̸ǰᵽ˽¥棬ͼõŽųԶ紵ûˣǲϢȵܲ˵ʱʱ߲ųǵĻѣٹһԳ˳һģǰڰѩҹдС
ԶкҲϲ
ϸֱһ£һϸߣǻˣһߺһȭͷͳ¥ܣһкկţ׼ȷȲˣõչҲ̧˴ޣ̣ˣ
կźȻ򿪣ͿһӶϲӿ˽һƬ
һټʮŰӣģһûˣһʲôʵڼ󽫾
ʲôʱɹثǵͷЩǴĸԼҲأҪǣǻܿˣпżϲ
ǲӹپǺӣʵ֧پ
һк飬һ쳤˲ӵȺһǵӰٺţſһڸʲнǵĴӵ²
һƾһһָһ̺ӣֻǷҲסˣʲߡӳ֮£ɫ׵ѿ
үôˣ
һȷǸðˣûϢֱۣ羢һ򾡵ʱһɣʹŲԣһѽסͷ̵ˡ
һԼȴҧˣµͷɲܵ£ΪЩֶൢһʱ䣬콫ˣϽϻƽ򷢶
ڵûȨ
Ѻŷ²ҹرһ·һֻԼʱӣҲһһȡԼôŻظ߼ˣӭҲģģû⣬ֻʲСĴǶԳѾͷз²мҪ׼һ䰲ڣҪǣ
ǣһһ̵ɫˣЪЪ
һһţʱ䣿ûŵǷɥɺ¶ҵΣ
ٲ˵ʲôɱȥһתͷǰðŸɫǣѾе㿴ǰ˭ˣЩ²Ž氲ˣԺȶһʣأ
ȥٷ²ҲҴҸһߣһкϡʲĵߵ˸ԼڳլԺſڣƼſҲӿһˡžʩˣ诶Ȼءһģһǣֵǣ֣ͷͷҵò֪ԡҪһȥϢ
һӵĹ˾ֲˬǿšСѾͷ֣һû˵飬ʲôң
ַʣأСѾͷᵽûУúҪʣ
ǲ֪شһ䣺ˣ׼ˣ᷿˶ɾˣ
һ涼ǻŤˡžͳʩٲ˵ʲôȥһֱ᷿ȥһůůӣ˾ҪȴһӲֱֱվס˳ͽ¡
Ҳ˵ȰһϢĻǽ֧ŵһۣСѾͷڸأСĿޣĻȰǽˣôǣɱ˼죿
ڴװͿһûĵһۡ󲽾ͳ᷿ȥӡͿǶԳ˫̥һڿǡСͷڴĻĿޣҲǿ޵þˣֻʣһûһĳǸҧϸ׵ݣֻõı
һǽӰ£һǰԵƣ㲣۾ƺĻȼһ㡣⳯СѾ¶˾ģĴ㡣ӣŵûһ
ηҲǶ̶̵ĹС۾ֱֱһúɱǰɣֻ飬һҲźС㣬ҪôʰǶɣǶµӻСһһȪ·ϣһչ
ĻųڣӾͱ޵üӱ绨񣬻δȫĴŮôеģһۣӡ
գŮôȡĿӣ˵һԺлḡֳSM֮Ĺ롣ڣȴʵû顣ֻǾǣ֧Լ壬ʵʲôø˰ɡ
ӭĿ⣬ҲӦǴڼ󽫾ֲȾ˵˫ŮӢİ
ԭ֮󡭡һɫһ䡣Щ鱨ںǵʱ֪ˡʱһ߸̾ڳӾТһһȵİӣһϲǣҲûһ¶ԼҲίǡӾТ֪ᱻộء
˭֪ǣôıʣ
Ӣ֮⻰ȴЦ˳ȾΪѣȴʲô³ӾТձ˴ɸӣȴתֱ͸ղǳˣ͸ôͼҵģ͸裬Ͷ˵ģ͸ٻȾ˶ԴĹȾ׷ĴԺҲǶԴĹȴӴӴõʲô
ӢеĽܹýģȻ˵ⷬ
ڵԵͻǿ֮ССңӦˣֻһ档ӾТӦַõˣձϵһָϽЧûаֹͷˣڳҲſվȣҲúСѾͷ͡
һͻȻӲôЩ󳼵ģôʻͨϢûίǣΪʲôҪңȡСһ۰ΪʲôС㶼ϷŹҪʲôʹı飬Ҷǣ˺һҵˣݲǣ
Ѿ䵽˼뵽ѩϵɫһѹµӣһһ顣һ͵˿֮ϣ
ҧݾǿĲش⣬İȴŵˮӿֱ㻳ꡣʻźʲô˵˼䣬ͱӢǳסֻϡﻩֱ޵Ѿµ˼
ٿȥˣһ͸˳ȥһͳվǶֻǶݺݵĿſСá
뱣ЩǰǵˣһʵѾȫҷ񣬰ͷǰڼ󽫾Ǹ׵Ĵӵݣͭģǲͷأһ֮䣡ǾĶԸңҲûʲôÿġֻǣǻпˡ֮
һ˵ݵ֣Ӣ֪ˡһı֮ڱ֮󣬶Լеġ˵Ȼڶôһ֧Ҳ⺷ĺӡϵƹܾʿʲôһǻûץǡ֪˵ϸֻҪʰǡյдڳʶ֮䣬·ţ
֧СŮľ֧һ±ӾТУ֪ݳӣҲ֪Ϊ˿֧ųʽɽڴԺĬ£ڳ²һЩʱ׼Ӧ䣬սƵʱ·ݻǽþȳ
ǰˣ·ǳĿǡôܳķѧͶձĿֲЩɵ࣬Ӳģ
ǵĵȷȷûǣĹ̵Уһ͵͵ǴһϢǾȺԮȡʱͻȻϮһǹϤкǵʱһз·У
һȻйǣҲȡǵسŮͻȻһ檸ͶԼ˻УμգģӢ룬ֻҪӳҪԼ壬ֲڹбʱ۰Ҳѧѧʣ
ǣһеͷ˵Ĳʲôƣߴǰֻ˻һ㱻ײ÷飡
Ӣ͵͵˵֪һУ̲ס˳ټǿҲֻһʮСŮӡ󣬸ɴޣɱҰɣҵ˹㣬ܵҲңֻŹİ£ûġҲϲС㣡
гҭѾ˼ôյѹ˴˿̣һֱһ䣬ӵӢڱˡ§ӿ޵ò̧ͷ
һȴȻɫֻ˳ȥϻǹеЦЦ᷿ͿĵȺ
һһΣ棬Դ³ȵġҲʵѾƣ뵽˼
ʵˣŲţ
һ۾ҲŲҲˣǣŮڶߵзӦܴġֻϣǸǰҲܿ޵ôسͺˡ
һЦҾȥǸˣ
һڰ֣ţ̸ٲҪɫˡ
һЦ˳ȥúͿֿһƣҲסȫǲ̬ĳ죬ĵһ䣺ˣǲЪһ¡ʵǡ
һкķվˣͷҲۡҲЪֵаǧӵܣмͶЧҵĹЩӡǵĹǰɾʹҵѼƤôܹǸҪģɰ㣡벻ģģҾͱҪҲţܴһɳ죡
ۿһȣʯĺӣҲһӵļ仰ˡӹٵٵ٣̬Ѿöˣûһ
¶¹ĵһҲǰٲһˡ
󣬽û˵ֻǽӲһͷ

ͨһһ̲Ƶλǰڼ󽫾Ѿһ¡Щ˺ѾҩֻǰȭδˡװڵϣһŸèһһ
һϲɣֻѾ˰ƣɫֱǰȥð֮ͻȻһת۾ϴˣںδ׽û뵽ˣкķʽǷ㡣ҿɲ뱳һүǶĳͻعͷҲ˸кô㹧ɣ
һɫһĭûˡһ͹Ѿȥֻ૵ҪɱҪУɡǳҲǻϵġ
һĳƤ鶯һ¾Цˣϣҵӵܣðƽ˶ѧ˺ǣǴǳʵĸԼӾТûӾТֶΣԹˡǳ˲ţ
ݵҲȤҲֻķӾТ˸㣬ͷֲˣҪ㵱ʱôſУ̨ϣǾֻбҲû뵽ӾТôͶ˱˰ɣҲöܣ˵ҲȵùǺҪǴԺһϵλϣҲþûתء
һЦ˳Ҫ̨ϣӾТǱˣⶼ͸ңôܽǵĹ⣬ӵʰڽɽ˵һǧһ򣬷ڱҲٽˡɥ֮ȮҲûüֵӾТõ˳ֵúܡϴˣЩ³ӣʲô㣿
ݲ飬ģһĿҲû˼ǱǰµĻӣӪһʵҴֲΪӢѾȫ֪ȳǶֶŮ֮١
ƽǷ˲ȥײӪǿ͵͵̣֪ȥӺܶ࣬ϵǶƶ֪֮Ϊܳ䵥ǳ˳㡭˳Ը˴㡣ʾͻңҲпɳ֮
ڷǳ˿̲ô֡ǻŰɡֻһ仰ȰˣǶֶŮ׵ӢѾȫĿഫҪΣ㽫ڳʲ
һͳֻǶһЦôҲӢɻ治СûƤûҲټô˵һﲻеͷ˼ҲҳϽҵģˣף
֣ﷴӦ죬Ѿ˸᷿һһҽǶѾһϣ޵滨С˳һ˷һվֻǴĿֶŮ
ŮģҲǷžǲܲ˵ֱݻСֶ˿һţɥ֮ʹƺⰧһĿ޽зйš
Сӵܣⲻˣ
ңûԼǸʱյУʮ󣬳Ϊձһ֣Ҷˡ֮һ档
ʮֱ֮һ߷ֳ롣սͬ嵱б룬ɱʬɽѪʰ뵺˿ڣǧ
ٹʮ꣬游˼ǮȴǹפǱȦһڶİ굱УСʼǶǼӵսʼ޷Լˣ
޹壬ֻǳĹ֮Ĵַѡ
ҺԼңͻʹмǧУʼղߵȴʼջڴĵսУ
һֻǾǣûвֻ̣΢епѡǿֹݵ۾һֵĵܿǱҲܰٻ裬һ֮䣡
ݷſ§Ӣİ֣һһۣȻͷˣǳ
һȻһЦҸǹѵǸɣǾѣǴžɵţڱ£ƽøΣڱʣǧˣһԶ
һ´סôҲû뵽ôڱˡһǿ϶ĺôֻΪǰλԼѣ
󳼣Ȼ뾡˹ҺޡҲ̫оϣ̫еֻû·ѡһ⵽ȵķҲһЩ֪òϸȻȨ硣ֻ֪һļǮó´
һֻеõʲôô
֮£һ仰ҲҽӡһǱȴһһѵǻѡ񲻳ɣȻѡ£ǺӾףҽøʵʵڵ飬ȻҲ˵ڳһ죬ǲô֣ҪҵķΧһ죡ֻҪ΢Ȧǿԣҽ˲˵õǣҪʲôҲʡǼȻ˰ʣͿԼıˣܾܲɹۣҲͿЩɵĹ³Լ¶ѣ
ѾţӢİҲѾɵˡһԲɫȴĳݡ
һĹݣΪ˱Ȩλ壬ȥҲˡھȻҪʶֻҪԸңҪٳʲôֶξ豱Ǽ飬һ飬Ĳϧ
ҧݣųϽĵ⽣ӰѪһ˺ݾȻҧø졣
һ˵ܴһɳ죡
ˣҪҪ૵Ķ֪Լ˵Щʲô
һֻһЦһʱͬΨһĳ·ǵ߲ߡٸһŵӢİҵ檣ȢǣұȻҪ뿪ʵģǶǵ֧֣һδˣһ첻ϡҺϼңӴڳʾһ壡
Ӣİŵϴ󣬿һҪĹ塣ղŻҪҪɱģȴҪԳ۲ݣ
ֻһʱʱûнԸģ˭׼ɡҪ֪ѾһУҲֻʣ·߶ѣ
԰һʲϼ˴ߣȥ˵ȥСѾͷ忴ܰáڶžǻ˫̥ʲôƵģɱöžʩ͵͵¸ʲôġ
˳ȥһϢ뿪ЦգˣټԵ
δ䣬һѾ۵һѪ͵
ͽæҵĽסȥѪҪȥҽ˶ףһۺˣַգǺΣֽʾ֭һУһѪҪľǾ
һȴ˵ֲǳȥֻǵ͵͵ĵû£ˡ£ѾǾˡͿ죬ǲǸʱˡʱ䣬ʱҪ׼һУ磬ǱϱӿΣ


ʮ زʣΪۻ
ˢˢӹԭɽؼеһУɱ
زʣΪۻʿƿԼĳǰ򷽲սգѩ
ʢױźصĶñĻҲðѩѵǰšһĳݽ˹棬Ӵľǳǣ˻ﶼûǺʿļˣ̲Ƥӣë೤ůģϣٻĴǳ⣬һʢǧЦʲôȴϰһӡ
ǰһУʿֻǿѩЩԺɵӡ
ҶҾϣֻǽĸʿ⺲ִ˷ʲôʫԣһŲġֻҪźͳˣĶӻ߬أ
ʿһ䣬û˸ͣеɨˡ˽ɽѩӦѣ¿Яƣʫʳ͵ĺʱź죬¿ͿǸӶͨҶûϺҲãЦҶϸ磬ղֵǾ仰ϸô
ҶҾЦش˵ĻҲѧ˼顣˼²£үĳãЩ½飬èһǲǣӦǣ·ЩһԺҪأ
ʿǺǴЦҶҾ粻ʶ֣Ҳҷ顭仰ֻ˵½飬ֻһģ첻ƫ˭ҶǸƾԼؤ޷ǾԼѣҶϸһ㣬һҲһ㣬Ҿ͸˵ֶˣ֣֮࣬޷ǾʲôʲôԹ죡
ҶҾֻЦʿҲǸˡûȤӱܷȥˡҶҾ͵һ䣬ЩҼֵԽԽɿæֲȥŽ⣬֪˶Ц¶ٺôЩϷ֮Ķүߺߵ뿪
Ǹָӵǧܣм˾رͷı޺ۣһҶҾ߿ࣺˣüСѲЩ̫үʵźˣ˵Ժѧô󶯾ôûصֻҪһҲԣлȪӲܣ̯һըӶ
ҶҾֻǿЦ˼ʲôݣߵңһЩˣƾʲô˼ͦӣҵĶӻأֻҵӣ˲ʹ꣬˧ʲôֵһӶҪڱãֵҲҪˣһƽ֣
Сһ׷ɢˡҶҾǶҲˬ˼˲ʹĿ࣬һôÿһ컹ҪʿЩ˽ӣźһ췹ʳöȣ͵һӣֵģȻҵݶȥʲôȷ⣬ֽӣľ̿ߣƫƫҹ̣̫үڳɾɣ˯˯Щ˾͵ÿţ
ȥʲôһ㣬ԣүϣһǶʲôаĲźãӴ˻Ƥһѣȥһ¹գĸӪͷѵʹźë

ҶݵʱԶԶɽͷ棬һߵ¹˾İ˱ԶĶǸ顣
Զſţһ˰ô죬ôѩһ˿رǹŵǸˣͦ׼ľаơһڱһڼǡ
һʮߣ
ǹ֧ȫ䱸ȫΪӿǹ
Σ·ݶӣ̽޲䣬ȡôоС
ǰ򣬱ƫ㣬нٶƶΪһӵʮң
һϵбǸ˴Ҵҽ¼ĶƤ棬һ̵ĹɽͷʱСɽ治ԶĹȵأѾۼ˴ԼҲ˵Ķ飬ʿʢǵľݾࡣ̽Ѿ˳ȥĴߵأҲлڡȻֻʱЪϢǸսůѾڰǴ㣬ϡ
ûˣڰնڱƣڱ紦Ⱥǹڻůţʱõ״̬ڶǰ棬ڳһʱơӪĵطֻսϢٲš
鱨ҲƵ͵ʱоҲһڶˣһ֣һߴ󡣸ߴһ̬ýģݡһ·ղ̫Ӧֻǲסԣе㶳÷࣬еŵɫԬ˭
һ֮󣬿ѩĳ۾һ΢΢Ԭʾһ£˵ľ˴Ϊȿɣþģָӡ
ԬҲ¼ùļ¼ùһ۾Ⱦ˰󿻣ֶȻдˣһʲģף
ǳεһЦһҿԡԭԬ£ױӵһǧڹ١Ϊ׳ӣʱѡ˽ȥҲһĿһıľĸǸýаˡ
Ŀ٣ʿ٣ģЩ¹̹ѵγ̣Ҫȫѵһ飬˻ĸĿЩĿֳÿͨһľĻĿˣܶòнˮһĿõнˮԿ϶ӹˣЩϱΪҲƴѧϰѵҲΥ˾⣬һҰӪӣڽǳԲ
ȻԬϲ£ǺǶһ໰Ҳ˵ֻش𣺡ǣ
ԬҴɨЩ¼ϸ롣Ҳˣһ۾ͿôٷûˡѵõǲһĿȻ׼ļ¼
ԬһЦֽݸݣŴˣ̵飬ö档ֻϣһƽжٶأٽܽӴǽΧˣʱ˶ӣҪֻڣһ˶ˣ
ݰӹԬԼϲ·Ըһ䣺ùֿģĵҲůһ¡йֵĶȥ֧ʮҩѴҷַ֡
ϲһΣҲҶͷҲ̧ĵⲻǵı֣ǺڣҲûԤͺӣɣȳԼϣ㣡ҲϡԬɫһ漴ɣתͷЦӪ¶ҲȻŴΪȥɣòˡ
Ŀվñֱδšֻǵͷż¼ȻԬѿ֮͵վĿһۡĻһ񣺡ɢλԴɵòǽ
Ŀͨ죬žĻֱͦͦľ˳ȥݿҲԬ߳ȥ´ʱ¶ȥһͿʮѩľ٣ָӵʹ¼йߵǰһݴӦһЩپ롣
ԬۿţЩٶǳᣬһִѡִʣõĽ̹ٸѵֶǽоɽָװõľõװߣõЩֹϺСţƤѥʵÿ˫ʮ룬ʿһµľãżһľ٣ҲҲϳһۡ
ÿ˶ԾԾԣһɱϺûһԳӣ˻һ˿Ҫ֪٣ⱲӶûѩڰָӵƽ֣ѾƬŧˮһѥ̽Ӫֻʣɱ
ݰԬͷʾ⣬ѾǱ䣺ͲþԬˣҪҪ
ԬһЦôүǶһҲˣƵûţ͸͸ȥ
ͷֿѩЩûоٹܴȻڴѩһ˿ʿǡ
һ֧ϵľӰһϿļΪޣõװõĴΪʯͬʱԵ˵Ѫ͹ϵ̨סͬʱȫĽһѵ֧оӶһ¾
زʣΪۻǲãͬˣΪʲôһͺôһأûʲôڣôһ
֮ԬŻعֻ󼸾仰ΧסǣɱǣǣסˣκͼͻΧɱۣΣҲҪ²

ʹʹʹʹʹ
죬ȡ棬ʱڳĵյůůġһҽԴ
һӻЩѾˣÿ춼ʮСʱڸ·˸СʱϢԷ
ѩصг;棬оѾŬˡ
Ѿ㶨ǶһҲѡֻȸšԺưɡһӺͳЩһ࣬ʼϤʱһҶദõǢȻٰӵͻϮУǽŮ͵û˭ƽǸ
Щḻ˴··ϱȥʱҪ˲١һǿûҪҼоʵҲ֪ںоϢ㣬׼㣬͸֧Ѹʧ¡Ȼʱ䲻󻹲֪ʲôӡҲֻкһĲˣѾһˡ
Ϊʲô棬Ϊ诵ĴСƢ⼸о诸˵ˣϼҽ÷ϣҧӲţһԹûСһҲҳоʱˡǻҩʱ课Ƣ˲Ҫղ󳼣һӾһԶ֣Ϊžʩ޵ġ
ΪʲôҪ컻ҩǸ˵ĻѪ棬һҩˡϣٴа壡
һԼǸʱʯҲҪϰλȥЩҽɡƵҽϵͳҽûʲôƫ򣬵ǸʱϾҽϤЩ׵¶Ҳеǣ
ֻ棬һߴŹǷһ诵ĽţֱŵĸϡСԼǲˣڻű飬һо
úúãʹʹԹСľĶҽҪͶˡ
Ц绨Լɫͷƻ֮£ɫ㷢һƬӨɫ˳ÿϴˮˡ
죿ý˵ɡҪʮҪòˣҪȳˣҲȳһҡ
诳ŵСȽϸë׶޳ҫֺۡƤĶţ·һͻƵġ
һһѹԼķӦˣȳӶԱ飬滹мٸëϼа壬˵˵Ǵ󷿣Ȼðˡʱգҹգڷ˫ɷݺὭ
ֻǸЦľһƻ£һҲǳᣬôЩӶûΣڻϡϡġϸһ㣬СӻƵüĿء
ҲҴ˶٣ôôģҵΪܣҸĻϵ۵ĻҪ󡭡Ǽǧ˵һֱߵȥЩġǽɣɷģϳһͿԴ߰˸ôһˣ˵߾͸أϵ˵ĺӶƽȵģΪʲôôһôᣬ˲ã
诿һʣһŮӵ۾ģҴСĽΪԼڳڵȻİֻһ
һһЦΪҹŬ㲻ǸӢô
룬ҧ촽ش𣺡Ӣ۵Ȼã˭ϣֻٶʱҾͺˡҷҪһҩ֪ҲԸǾʱҲܾţ㲻ΪҲŶôõġ
һΪҪ˵ʲôĵĻû뵽СظһͦΪҹƯ
ʱ򣬰ȥľ飬ֻһĵͷ
˿֪æԺ󲻹ôóʱҡʱС㲻֪ʲôüëҲˣ˵Ҳҧгˣûʱ䣡Ѿͷ˼û˫̥ҪˣǷ޲磡檣
Ů˲Դ׵ģδԼԽʱʥ˵ˣŮв٣ʮָðɣϽֺһֻҡͷЦ׼ó˶ԸŮռ󷨡ƭ־ʱͻȻ˳͵͵ˣˣٴʹϢ
һһƲƲ죬ջڰͷʾȥΥһ˳һ۳ɫһҲѵˣ¾ò־ͽӹеż㡣
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һѮ˳֣Ļ±͵ƵȻ¹űʮһ³̺ǣҹ̣ƽƻ֮ͻΣ˵ȱʣӭ°ܣ򲻿ɡ¹ø֮𣬴ʱھ٣һıΨƽﻮһС¹ѵޣΨԴƽһ޴ˣһ޴ˣٹ飬ٹ飬ٹ飡
ʱٵһӹһ㣬Ѿɫ࣬ˣʿȻ죬ȫûڵĹٳʵҲСһδãʿѾ۵ƽּԼ£ƾһ㣬һԲѵ췴мܸߣ
ԼΪϵˣȴزʣֻΪۻ
Ҫ׼ҽҹǰȴİס֣ˣƽϢٴΪ׼ݻϣݵûУ
һ͵һż㣬䳶ƣһ飬ûУ˵ڶ飬ҲûСͻȻҧٴҲֻĻ±ߣԺеΣʱʲôģȻǳɿˣסʿҺֻܼҪһңֲǲ֪ڶΪʲôݵϢΪʲôûǲ֪ûУ
˵̲סˡ͵Ľż˺÷飬ڵϣһţ־ȥϵޣҹ̣ϻƽүǰһҲã죬·ģ
ֻԶȥ˵Ŀ϶ݣˣҲҪݣ


ʮ αػع
ѩȻƮƮţøëһһģϣڸһ
ʢĵ˳űѩǵĹٵֱ߽һɽŵĹȵУһе֣ȵͻȻǸСأ˶ڵ¡ȻµɽҲ̫ߣס˶ɨĺ硣ǰļʢѾ͸ˣϸСѪӸ֩ƵġߣֻĹȵȦȦɴͷĻһС٣˲ĳһɣģûԹֿ࡭ʹأֻҪٰ㶳ᶽŶ
׷ӿǰ漸һΪһѧпеѾˣֱֱˤڵϣⶼⲻ䡣
û˵ֿ࣡
ʿһϷ紵ţѩšֻǴǸ·ҶҾֻҪһϢͺһӳ̽ͷֻɨҶһۣ˵ֻҪôҼ·
죬ֵ·ÿϢӵ㣬ͷϳİٶسƾÿǮɽƽĺӣױӪĶһޡһӷʮǮҲԵˣ˵λ˿ŶͺͺûУµļ˻ٻһ·϶ж˰ޡ
˵죬컹ھߵͷûˣڸ··
ȺҵһɵɡĵĻϴϡе˸ϽݶеĴҲǣڹȵšһ
ҶҾĸҲֱˣһ鲻ɶʹ밤ôţ
ɤŶˣˣƣǻиûУ캮ضģӣװĶĸȥҪ³һߣ£ǱһСģ
˳ͷȻӦͣĺдڵġ˭ҲŲ벽ҶҾȺ鼤ߣϽһֵܣһǺʹһһ̰ɣƽ˲ʹһ֪һһ⣿
⣬⣬ȵȥֻ
㶥ھ߬ţǴŹӵͷںƨ
ȥʿݰɣǽˣҪ·Ъˣ
󣬻˸ɴȥжϵЩҲǺľ˵ģеʱͣûסɴһˡһЩӪӣҶҾԱ߼ȥ֡
ҶҾޣȫǺ֪Ⱥ鼤ߣ˵ˡεʱͿʿĳӺ˹Щ˴ӵڳԱߣһҲɫˡһƣͿʿһ̽ͷֻһգͼҶҾҶϸ磬ôһ¶ҺûϢɣǶ
ҶҾǻŻͷЦˣʵˣ˻һ㡣ôЩ죬ǵȷѾƴİͽʹˡЪŰɣһ·ϳ
ʿһһںϣ˰ϵǣǾ񣬲˼һ룬ͽаͽʹҶˣ󲿾ûоô
߼ˣʱһ㾫񣬴ȥ޾һΣšǱȵŵܳȵģ滹һȥܷϢʿҲԼЩĸ˺ôġ޾ͻžĳ˼»˵ãѾԹͲûطǹ˲ˣһȾͽ⼸һקƹһղŻļϳɤŶ󺰣
һ֣ٵľֱʿĳӿȺڣǹҲժš
һƾʲôǵڣ
Ӹʮ꣬أǹӶġͻһ
ӵСǣͬһв֮ɫ˶ѵУֻšҶҾɴˣ˲ʹ꣬ʢ淹ҲԲˡҪ˳ʿѹȥԼҲý¾һᣬʿ󺰣ˣһµǣȻʲô飬Ҳұ
ʿĳӸҡҡλΣڶǹڳȥ˳֮Уʤǧ֮ġļɫǿȥÿ죬ˣӪϢôЪҲǲĵˣÿȼǷʮͺţƽͶң
ȵҷ׷׵һţɽһߴŹȵҷ׷׵Ļ⣬ţһֱ͵ţһģ𼸻Ǵˣģ⻹ǻ񣿡
żӿڹȵ棬΢΢ͷתͷҲŬվñֱԬԬһ£ڰ֣ŴˣɣⲽԬĳˣȫŴ˵ˡ
ԬµĵģҲ̲ס΢΢ЩҪԸǳּ͢ίԱǱǴ壡ǹһ죬ʹǽԶվһϣֻܺλһߵˣȴڰСɱȴͻȻʹںǾϺô̵Ĳǹӭվ棬ҲûйûɵĽţ
һЦһǵʱ򣬾ѾǣҪȥѪϿ̣ôһ֧ҲȫĲеĲȻ޿ɵֵ½շжˣαػعأҵȥĵط
ݵ͵Ļ£𣡡

žһ죬Źȵɽͷ棬˴ССһŵǹ⣡к£ֱԷҵĹʢһʱ䲻֪ж˺Ҳߵĵ£ӵѩ潦һ̳ϿһѪ˺˻ʱֻǲ
ʿѾǹͻȻͿ˵Ŀ˼ľмĽͻȻ˻ǹУųԯһߵȥʿûӦʱ󳵣ѾѩصУ
ӵͲϵĴӳװ崩˹ವʿӹ߰㣬ԸǼ˫εʱҲֻͷϽµĵ棬Ŷ޷ƵļУ
ǹ˲߰˸ţѾȫٶʢˡžͣɽͷ˳ĺһһɱڵġʱʢ޵ժǹҷţʬѾһأʲôƵĶСҶҾ£εĵطǶ˷棬˹ĵͣˣδĶǲҽеָҲǹ˲ˣֻһƬհףôһ¶
ſʱ򣬾ͿϡõĳʿϻѪһ˫ɵ˵۾˴۵Сۣ˵ҶҾȻ֣۾ģͲ޳ˣ
һ˾ͷĶӹ˹һ̣ϱŵסһЩԼ߳٣ˣϮ
Ϯ
ˣҪβҪѡȥ
ȥ
ˣ˶ǹ˵ȴǳʻҲ࣬ǽˣھҪϽˣˣ
ʻ
ҶҾѾɵˣԼĻǾġ˵ˣճĴ춼ȥгںȻˣֻҪîͳɣʱֻſһȣ֪ʲô˳ֻӵԼͷϷɣſ
Ƕ˾Ҳλָϣվǰӳѡһ·
δ䣬һӵѾĵط˹ѩֽôһƬ̳Ƕ˾ҲߣصľˤҶҾֻɵšǹʢһҵĻػҽеһƬɽͷȴĬ÷·һ㡣ֻżȻм䳯ʻķ
ʢҴһҲͣе˾ȥ˺šɽͷģֻкӹʹﲻϵͳ֧ϾҶ־׾Ҳһս֮ʿղҲˣҲ֪ذ򲻳ɣõİ취ǳ·˳ȥغǣ
¼ѾԷĴʿ׷ǹžĳҴһѾ⼱Ƕǹ𣬵עŵ˻ǲܲ˵ĳӿۼҪ˹ȿڣӭѩһһŲǹ˳һ˹ʹһ鵹ˣǽɽȣֻҪӭͷʹ
ƴͻΧǵ㺷£ֻҪܶЩѡ棬ģûģ໽ǰ塣ۼ赲ǵĻߣѩһӰڵѾںɢӣ϶ǾõڻЩӰӰ˵ƤеļһﶼոµëɪǹǹͷųѩĴ̵žӭȥʢȱڴѩҲ岻رЩսǳ;һѾþ˵ģñȲŴ̵ӭǰҲ䵨ͷܣһЩĻڴͷǴ̵һۡ
ĺҹĴѩĵˣʢʲôӣ·ȿڶһʬ壬Ѫ׵ضȾˡѡֳȵһڳ壬Ǳϣοø죬ӵùҵͷܣҷ׷׵ӿ˽ҲɢˣҲûˣҰȫĵطΡ
ΨһҵģЩӲŹֳʻĵˣסҲˣûȵ濪ǹѩ׷׶䣬תʬϸһ㣬Ѫڸסֻδˣ˵һûһĲҽ˻
ҶҾſҲɢˣʱƺŻָһֻǳˣǳҵ˵ѧѾƽôôˣ
ʿϣĲűӵ˴ѪֱֱֻǵҶҾʲôˣһ

һһ߽ԼǩѺųͽ
һ·񱼣ϻƽ
ǩѺµһվ㲣ɫѿһǡ
һѾһȦҲԵúںڵģ۾ȫѪ˿ŶеˡնЩĹ£һǿºͣȴǴ۾Ż
ǽ֪ȴǧûкãġҲһһڴİģһˣ
һɨһۣû˵ŲתͷһͿݾͦ˽һĵļһؿҲһ£žľƽһ񣺡ˣ´ݵϢ
һؿڵ·յˣԬοͤúܺã⹦֣Ҽˣ
ݺԬúܺãǰòˡһһ仰Ҷ˵ˡ
һһƣȻϷԸǽݱ¹ܴϺǢҵķԸһвȥ֮ڣҪʷ̴
ٲ˵һ񣺡˷Ը
һͷļһ֣ߣ
ʱǲŵˣȥ
һͷʿҪȥأǻܵøһˣƽΣôܺͱг֪͢һأ
ͷһͷֻһʯأһһеĽô˾ţš
ګګ˵ĻһѾ󲽳ߣһһ˵ٴúܺãһ·Ӫ鲻ҵȻɵĽСģ㰲ٵòֻٴ
һվſڻعͷĿٴΪ㻹ܻعô
һ𣬹ȭ񣺡¹λ··ֻܺʹһǰˣ

Ѿټ˼ʮʲһȥ뻻ϢһϣҲҪšɿļͣһҾ찲ҲܲˣҪĵط䣬͸ϹһͷҪӳ
ȻѾ£ʿס˳ԣʱȥʱңԱ󣬶Գ͢ǽɹ˿أȻԴһķͣͷȴǻȡ
Ҫ뿪ʱ򣬾ԱһңһֱɤŶ󺰣ˣˣһ
һŤͷһͼʲŤţȭߵŹСʵİһЩװһլһȥػһģһֺȫû뵽һˣˡһһ˺˻µھУҲеᵽϵ룬Ҳһ㡣һǵ취ԸƵıģ˵ʲôҪ
رӣͱӲɣĹҲ֪öˣôӵˣ
ܵ˺ͳ˹
һֻ꾩ǻĲ߾ͷˣһһߴⳡ˲˵ǶһǲĲǲҪǰ׼˽㻹ŵĳĽĶˣҲ
һĿ⵱ɱһȥ޷飬˻ƴӣҺ֣ǻȥİֱүصúö˵˵һİȥɣ㣡
Цǽ޷죬ҲܱŴɽĶ飬ն¶ĵ˭ףˣǿǸλãŻҪôңҪҸţ
һͻȻһЦİܲµλã˵ɡҳԿ»򵥣ң


ʮ Ϊʲô
Ҷ־˸ӡ߶һżǵĳŮӹűӣͷɢҵһ߶ϻеۡ
ӾТŮӲۿɿڣ̳˼ڣ಻סϷķһ֮Сһ߳ĻҪһ߸̴̣ųžҶ־Լ˹ȥ
ܲҲ˳֡ڽӣûһӵĿǮͶԤĸӪͷӪģȻʿԹصھٵĵѹ£ÿʮ·ǰƶԻȡȹ̺أ̩ɽѹ֮ơ
ʵҶ־Ҳǲ뷢һʿǵȷûǮ֧ǧˮʦԱפʣѾò١֪һļҵҪڽפʵĻУµǮҪҶ־Լ˷һ¡ָŵƽһƱʿǿһ¶ӶûˡӾТνʹԸɾԼûûأҪʳʳڳʾ͵ذһԹصֻʳҲ
Ҷ־Ҳ֪Ի˵ûõľȥǴ̵ġԤҲʲô̡һڴͬһ伸ؼǿհסӪȻôʲôʿƽּһҪ˶ñҲѾѹˣһҷɣԼѾ˵ˣƽãһӶҪ֮ô䣬Լɡ
Ҷ˧ҪǮõˣָǮãŶûУҲûѽ
˧Ķ˸ϽĽˮˮ̴˧´ഩЬ˴ǧΧҶ˧æݡ
Ҷ־˼ˮ̣ĶˣһһʣÿջرϢûУ˴ƽŹûУ
Ҷ˧Ĺģʲôо٣ҲʲôжӵĻš۲ۣרϷСһСԭѧϷģ£ĿֹģüүԴ״ͷĺ๫Ҷ˧ƢͻӽСճԼˣȢϱĸһź˧šСʶֶ͸˧շܹˣϵʥּҲչ
˧ʣδЦüĿ飺үĻÿջر˵˳Ļûأٳʲô飬үĲãôˡʵûϢ籨ţţС綣ˣ浽ͣʵû
Ҷ־üͷڰɡʿѾ£ѾûصݹϢһҲûĽּþˣһѹ͸Ըˣ׼عѵȻٷձСӸȥĶȥģ˭»еӢţʱҶĳ˵۽½һ£Ļʲôġ
룬Ǿû⡣ʿˣëһҲּʲô鵢ˣҲ⼸죬ϢҲûˣӴԺҶ־ǳعˣ˵ҲһѲǰ̣
Ҷ־ţǰǩѺǸһ·ŵǩѺſڣͿүſغ򣬸Ҷ־һ񣬾ͰϷСһߴߴҶ־Ҳû⣬̧žͽǩѺСɤŶôˣҲ㽻ˣģûŰûʲô˵ģԽԽȥˣ
ǵĶÿѬǵģ˵ǽѰ˼
Ѱ˼ƨ˧Ĺػܻˣ
Ҷ־ҲһЦҪ˲ͣʥҲܲˡ˵ˣͲϡҲ쾭塭ͻȻһת˳ȥžĽһͷ˵Ժֽ񣬻Ű㣡ȥϽ˽н
ĳȥСҲŵò˵СӲҰסҶ־ֻĵȺǩѺҲˣ׵ʲôҲ֪
ת֮Ϳһģ˳˽ſġŵıʾĺӹȻѬǣϵѩˣεδĳµˮҶ־ǶͨһͷͿڵϣ˧Ӽ飡
ĸӪͷϣ˿Ժһ·˳˻ƺƽȪί˸ǰӾТɳ׼յĹӪϢʱͻȻܵĳǹӲżӪͷͶҩǹŻɧ˰ΡȻҲϾˣûþͿʿߣټ޽䱸Ӫ֮гȥõġɧŵòᣬһӪͷˣ˴ʮšһס飬һߴ̽ȴǲίƽȪƽɽȵص¿ԴҳˡѾ˹ã˹Ժϴ󽫾Ĳ棬м仹Ѿƽ˵Ķѧĸ棬Ҳ֪ʲôֵġ˰죬Ǵ𣬵ð̣¶ɧľӪֻΪԵУöãرʾ˧취ٵã߷áȻʱغǣ
ЦͲʴ̵ġûǮҪͷɵ¶˭ɣ
Ҷ־ֻת˰Ȧӣǿ򶨣Խ취ʱֽӶ˹
ػƺһ·ǰķؽԭǰʢһ˴ͬСҾ֣Ӫر壬ǰɧţίεĳʴСɱɵĸ棬жѧ£ʳ޴·캮ضڻƺ棬Ӵ˽һǺҪ棬ԸƽΣûɻǣûõ˾ڼ䣬ûͨء
˴ּϢȻûһ˵֪¶ֻ˵ʱؽԷĴɱ˭Ҳ֪䣿
һĻϢҶ־ѾǴľ
ô죿ʢȥа˳ɿԿ϶һĹôô£Ҳɿ£һƽҾ쾭顭ֻҪ˵δıͺͳ͢һӹ˾ˣ
ʿأѵһˣͱͳ͢Ÿɣʢܵȥô˼ƽң
ͷҶ־Դˡֻ֪һ飬ʹǰˣԼ˵¶ֻϽжҲǹٳҶ־֪˶ã͵ʦүҪӣһǸɨǣ

ѩصͻȻһͿһϣʵʵʢʿĵ˳ûжעȫڱѩڸǵһƥϣһү˰Σһذףѩ飬һƴһȡ
ڱܷסĹȿڶ棬Ѿ¹Σ򿪼ս棬ĺɫĿڶӵսУӰֻһһţζƮ̼ʢʿһ俳Ǳȡ
˺һſͷѾӾܣѩϲȳһĺۼ̫ܵİͷϣðһ
ս棬һëͷĽʿĬĬĳ˼δĲǹûпΪСֻٿڳԵģӳȥ£ߵˡ
һֽĽдˣĺԶӣװűůЩ׵װߣĻʱй
ǵЦʣôַˣ
ʿ򿪷УŰ뷹յãðţ⣺足һһֻҪΧţôʲôԼһģġ
ȣ滹һ̨˵áµĸţǴĺͱˣ۸Ҳ̫ˣĴģŰɣͱй˾򣡡
һЩǸϱĬĬŷǻļ±˶ԷһۣľǵְǷӡЩʲôǵ¶

ǻ֪Լһʢʿعȵ棬ֵǾһ͵͵ĻȵһƬǼܹŵȫʿӶˣĺۼһһȡůġۿҲùˣȡůҲˣֻһˮշҪ
ѩȵǵģЩط߳һ飬ܿŵۼ˵ġʮƥѾ˳øɸɾЩŵʢȻû˱ƣԽ壬ֳһСһСĸԾ۾һٴһŸԲʳͲ̡
ѾǱΧĵʮˡÿ˷·𶼴ںУǸһһĿԡЩˣһԣҲûʲôϣͬڣżˮ
ʿڵС壬ѾڼܹѩˮⶪȥϸݣϺõһ͡ζƮȣŹʿǣѾץĶΧ
ʿҶҾһһ£ŹţĶȫˣ鳤Ŀ˼ҿ
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ˣˡ٣ʿԥһ£ǸҶҾһݡҶҾ۾ֱˣʿֱʿˮҶԥһ£ǷһʱʿǸмģֱ軭
˺һ̻ʣʿļ˶ˣҪաڰΧоңᣬ˵Եģ㲻ˡôһʿһ߳һǣָʿԶˡ
¶ǣһҶҾ̾һҪշң˴룬ڶ뻹гԵġֻյĿûˡˣ˵һĹôôĵӣΪʲôɴǣһ˰ˣҪܵʲôʱ
ʿǻѵĽ飬Ҳô߸ϣҶˣһڵ
ĿԶǵˣ˵ǳʻҪ¶ơȻҶ֪Ϳ˭ˡ͢ƣ͵ϽǩԼܵסٽһ͢ղ󳼣ղ󳼶ˣַ⳯͢ŵ
Ȼܷʿ֪ƽļƻô赲޷ǻҵͷҪƽңΣֶξʩչˡֻǲף̨֮ܰһʱܿסһ̨ʧ̣ûҪ˼ôһ֣ǰΣǹȥˣɳ͢ͱ£Ӵ˾ͺǲݣܵʲôΪʲôҪȡ̨϶һʱأƽҵͷı಻ϴꡪ˲һʱɡһ췴ƨһ죬˾ɢ⡣췴ùԹ̨͢ӦͲ̨ˣ
ʲôأ
һ췴ĻҶҾɫʿݸ񷢶תͷȻЦóҶҾ򣺡ҶһɱҡɱңתϷҲˡ赽ã¾ҲݣͻƵˡҲΧңȫ̲ϣгˡȻٹû¶һˡˡ
ʿһ£ҧһۣǲܲ٣

һ͵ʿԶĵطʱůůоʵУһ߿һ߿ŸرϢ
ԬȻԼ㡣ίһʹµܲı鱨죬һ̨ǰ̣ͳ˸ɧұжھӼǲ
Ϣһһرݶܿ죬ѾɢϳԴһפӣ˳ίԱǰү벻ҹʣԭطܵܣߵߣҪֻһӪĻžǺǱңɵ̨ھɵĵط٣ҲӾТְǺǻǹܲƬشհסƽͬһ¶ܵĶѧɢһҲֻŴͬأùǡ
һطѾǾɵӪ˲꣬иϳǻӾТţſͨСһʴԺϴ󽫾ţв羰ӣ϶ѧû£̣һ¾òʰΪǸЭЩʰɧŻǰʿĻǴѣ
ƽҲһӶӵĽڸҪΪһطֶΡ
龫ǣڲˡ
һһıЦЦڵµȺŵԬǴҲҳһڡ
ԬʣٺݣҲŵǽɱʿ⣬ʱװʲôҲ֪û뵽һݣȻҪȫסȨλ֣ܲһǰһַĵĺ⡣
֪˶ãһʵ֡ûɣ
ԬҲػÿճй۲죬˻ء
һһЦ߰ɣȥϸˣһһ


ʮ 
ǹžһһɽӦɱҲͬʱѩɽХɽȵֶֶʢбȴûһ˶Ҳûһ붯ʮ˶Ѿˣʲôںģ˷ץŵʳѩڴڵҲҪһ
ҶҾʿһҶҾһ࣬סɪɪ򣬿ǰڶûУŵòᣬҲ֪Լ߶ЩʲôƶˡʿʱȴѩϸϸĲһŵĺӣһõ·е㲻תͷǼԶԶǴһ䣺Ƕʲôһ£
Ǽ⼸òұȵӶհˣǹɱûע⣬һֻȡů˵ģǶԼڵǻǹ𶯵øѩ£ɪɪĸͷʿǣʶľ͹Ǵװ
ǹԽԽ󣬱ɱҽһԽԽԽԽˡӹȿ⿴ȥͿһӰ㿣һɢȥԶӳ֣Хţ߳ţһڼʮʿĹ£Զʿһֳ֣һּǹٱ֮£ӵ֪ȥˣһһĵ
ʿһȣ嵽ȿڣֽһݺݲѩУһѩУһչպպü֡
ղ족
ʿȣǰԮʢ£лûУӭ˻ݣ
ʿһƴƮƮϵ䣬ӶﵽϡǶһˣһΪȨԼҲöˣԶĲ˵Ǻ֮ҵʱ˴ʤһһҪļһǣɱԼĵط٣ʿļܸ⣬ЩŮܴױһڴᡣǸ²ּʹܴӽɱȻ˵ûյȺú˻쵱бֵˡ
շУҲҵ첻µزµļһΪԼ룬Ϊ˭룿ЩѾٶ긣ӵܣѾǸٹ̵˼룬ûܰ赽ȡ¡ôǿô˲ţôʵҲֻЧҴ塣һٰ󵨣ҲΪȹԼλô
ȵ涼ǳƵĻȴûһӦػͷϷѾݵòࡪЩʿҲѵ̫ϸˣܶȻУǹǿоƵģϷݲ
һѾڹȿһʮӵսŰ˻ԾǰУÿ˶Ǿͦʽ񣬴Ųǹȸߴ׳ɱڵľһӿ
һȵһͿֲ֮״ǽ˽лӪһ㡣˶ɵˣֻĿŽ顣ֽϣ۶Ƕŧˮѩ棬۾һ֪Ǹˡϵʬ壬䣬ࡣõ񣬴õǣڹȵһǣһŵʬţѩ˺һ㣬ֻм˫¶档
ⲻʱ·棬ûʲôȱԡһҲһµЩʲһ㣬ֻǲȱ̤ѩЩӹͿȵһյ棬ͷʿվĿǸǱģҲòȥֻһһͦʱϡе꾩ʱεģ
һѾֶ£첽ֱǰ塣һѾץסʿ֣Ƕ֣ˣֵܵ˴ѣֵ򸧳ʲֵҪϱģ
˵վѾͷкöˮ׼ʳҲ˵֣Ͻʼˣ
Ҳժ϶ҪʿʿһĻƴӣݺһƴϵ·ЦҲշˣ˹ȻֶΡɽȣĳҲ뿪ˣҪҪɱ˵㡣»ڣɽûһӵ˵ġֻ³Ѿ˰ɣɱǣνҵһƾˡ֪ڳ£ǽɵţǶѧţ
ʮ죬ʿǽһжѾͨͨ͸͸
һʱʧɫתϱһݣĳ򸧳ʲ˴ѣóҷ˽ĳԼժӡ²ƽĳĲݣһԼĳϵ۶̫磬ǣ
ϷݵеˣĲһĳһŻµı顣ʲȴһҲҶʿһЦ϶ԼɼźŸϵãЩ˶۰Ͱ͵ĿŸʲŵϴŵĹĹҵĸͿЩʲʲôʱ
ˣϻҲö˵ˣ˵󣬻ҡʢ飬ʲôҲӦװɣּ⣬һ£
һӣЦֵƽһе籨ֵͨںǵİµطϢҲûˣִҶϱֵ֪ʲôʲôּ⣬ܹҲû㰸ҲδּˣֵҲ̫һʥͣ
˵գƽɽİݵȥʮʲҲ׷ѥȵѩؿ֨죬Ҳû˷һݵȥѩصУñֱͷصĿѩУôѩ⼸ʮֶס
ʿĿһҲϣҲŬվֱһЩʥͣ͢׼Լղ󳼣󳼣սղ󳼲ʹЭ庣磬ֱ̰򲹵ʿԱƽߴٸԱУӸ飬ˣб¸Աͳ㡣մˣ
ʮʲһֻı˼⡣ǶǸһ׽ˣȻһֱһߣλ˾«ʲôҩΪʲôҪڳңΪʲôҪϱΪʲôҪʿ赲Ϊʲôˣͳ͢һҪ˵ȨҪ
˱ߺţѪʱ򣬱ͳ͢Ķ
ʻˣ⵽ѧɱʱ򣬱ͳ͢Ķ
Ǵ⽻Ϊ֮һգͻԱǹգһϱ裬̤ʱ򣬱ͳ͢Ķ
һżʮˣûУʮ˶˳Ѫ·ͳ͢Ķ
ǽΪϿѵڳʵɽ·ͱ굱а棬챼Ϯ˰˰վܼӵǰϴ̵ð档Ѫһֱ´Ϊ˵ĽΪϣΪƴսʱ򡪡
ͳ͢Ķ
Ǿ
ʿֱּӪǴĹ٣ʿǴİճǵķǴĽҲֻŷ߿ôһնһ·Ѫ߹뿪ôһ֧𷪹𶯴Ľ塣
ѾоΪ˵ĽоΪ˵ϣоһ޴ϵȫ
ѾϱͨѾñѾ𣬻Ѿ˼ôһϷֻҪʿдѵûнּܵ⡪ǲ˾˼
ʲǴϢأеѾĵűŵǹֻһһ£

ŵԺ棬ȴ֡
Ǵ˵ųģްҲ֪ڷŵʲôƺһСҹ֮
鷿У½ƤֵεУһ
һë̺һݼӼ顣ߣվŵȴŮūڣʿ뿪֮һɢҲֻΪѣ°һЩ顣ŴӣֻͷⲿӢʹ͵ͲŵľһȦһȦתţƺƵġ
֪˶ãĵĵʲô
û˻شƺҲҪ˻ش۾ɨһǰ籨ֽӶɫһѽֽƬڵϡ
ҵĻܣ޳ܣˣôãôս޽СС𣬾һҶͲܳǰôǹըڣ֮Ͷ룬ԸһЩں֮ڣͲǰҪ籨ʾ취
ūһЦʵҲͲǳȥսҪǴ̣ٵҪãҪӣʿҪãҪãһΣҪͺԤмҾӪģǰãﻹҪͬһãЩûãһôܴ̣ƽңҲҪּ͢Ӷȥ㰡˭ƽ޹ʿֳһˣ޽У
һôܻӱƽ֮ң
ʵÿ죬ūڻشҲ죬Цġ
һʲôѶҲޡ
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͸³һڴŶͷֻ̾ǰؿһܹˣѾ²Ŀ˭֪ҰĵˡԼԦ³ƽϷүҲҪ꣬ʱô죿
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˵֣أȴһֻ֣ҪˮʦڣձγʺΣǩԼǳűˮʦȻһ㣬ȻǵһϷүٹ꣬ɶһ㣬һҪˮʦÿڵġԣͰ˼ɣϢңһ仰Ҫǲ£ҪһףǸʲô

棬ѾǺڵе㷢ɫˡδ𣬵ǽĺ磬Ѿһ㡣
ź̵״󽢣Ƶϻšۣ֪
ˮʦоܱڶԶϣڶ󣬶ӶľˡϾЩԲ̫ãҲҶ˵ʲô
Ҷ־ĲˮʦҪװ˳ˮӪˮӪˮ·ѹһγʣѾڣҲûδ׶ú̿áʵе㾽ȣˮʦȥ½ʦռôʲôô
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ת˼죬Ѿõ½Ϣ𣬸ϱʿʧ٣һ֣ˮʦûΪ½ʦȥȡˣ£ͷߡ
ԶԶһִںϣûŹ죬ʽɢһƣɢִˮߵһƽͷȥˡ
ͻȻʵЩӣ˶ʿĻˣ
ûӣЦ治٣ô죬ǻ˺ߣôô೯ܣǲ˼ͣһ£
Ǹһ˶İ
ô᣿һô˾޴Ĳǡ
ͷԸо
һѾ˽ţǸ߸˸ˣŶѲۣ˾˲ģŶ󸽩ӲҲڡ
˵ǰЩִʴʣ˵ΪС壬ñˮ½ڳʣһ£ڱˮ½ʦ״ֻ̬вҰܡʱ򣬺ҡ
Ѻ˭⻰ŶģҲǣоǲھ߹ܽˣ컹ǹܲס
Ȼڻش𣺡ǣ໴½ʦڳʣʱһϣغ·ͣǿǱˮʦƺߣˮʦ״أѾڣú̿ù⣬ҩᡣѾãΪһЩĪתȦҫҪȥʲô˵ѣԱƣܻĸ״ôΣգ
½ʦڳΣյľѧνΣˮʦˣ˼һ֣ô죿ƵóҲƵó˲˵˵
ţǱй֮ϵӶͳˣһ°ܣǺ𶯵飬ܶᶯҡ
󸵱߳ˣ˵˵ȥ
ȴֹĻʵôΣգ
ɫ£Զ֮ŵ͵ͿڣȫѹֵʹࣺʱֻѡţǹĿ轨⺣ף˲ŲףŴʹ£뷨Ԥʱܸӣ
ááЦҲתԶϣѾղֻ֣ʣһ
ͷҲأʣ䣬˵һϤ
ûĻشֻ»ӣǧٶֵ޽ÿһƺ׽ײ飬ѩƬͷǻԶᶽ졣
ˮʦעѪҲȫףˮʦǱй
ˣе۾ˡǰƣҲŸʶڱ䷨꣬͸ڳ̨塣±䣬һһ޲ҵӰӡСƴڣѵһԼŴ̻¶ĸסҧһڣ
ҳ룬ΪԽԽĺ
⽻ɾͣԡԼҲûȤ˵ۿžϷү٣ƺһиƽ⳯ʵССۡ
ԽԽԶѾ뵽˵ǰʾƻһֶΣҲһΪʲôҪ֧š
ˮʦ״½ʦĽųҶ־õԵãһķƸһűʵĻ֡
ͻȻһڶԺӹһе
ѵڳŵȵ𣬱Σѣ͢Σѣƴ䣬ʵ͵ǹͷΪ
ܲ٣
ɵǸʱֻųôһĵ
֮£ȴ󺹣תͷֻǿŵ
ҪҪȥݻǸļһ


ڶʮ ÿʱ
ɽȵУѩЩʯһʽĸʲϣܿľ˱һ㡣
ʿ׿ѩУһƵ۹⿴һҲ֪ǳ׼ʲôʢĲдʿ£żŷһƲסĿԣտգȴɽԵøӵļž
˵Ŀⶼһϡ֪˶ãһųһٰ֣ݡ
ʥϺ̫ߵغ֮³ڹ꣬Ѿղ֮ΡҲּ
һһͦվһ±ϴǹģ鳼ˣҪ״
Զĳһסȴסʮʲ׷𣬶ժʿûôһͷԹţҲһּͬҶҾȴһֽУ˵һ£ˣˣүүʿ⣬ֵܵ¶ּʲôǶ֪үү̧֣
⸱ɵҲ֪ԸһġһɱΧʮ죬ڽ첻Ӧеصز飬һʮӶɱڵģҪǲֵ̧̧飬һѾ˳һʮΣ
һҶҾЦļ򣬷һվһˣּ⳼ˣǻһתǳھ֮У͢ϵġʹҴŻΪϴαңѾһν棬ǧѲǩԼڳ𡭡Сձʲôͷô죿棿иûУϺ̫󣬳˵һҪﳹƽ֮󣬾̷ּ·ȥձ
Ǳ߳һѪ˴ȥ籨ۣͨͨת̫ͻϣڳһ߽˷ˣһ߾Ϣˣˣ
˵žʹнӹһϻӣ˫ֵݸʿѾ˵µȨȴƫƫҪͨת˵ʵڵģ°ﲻӣҲôں
һ˵ʿϵУҪ̧ˣǲأҲֻһЦãֵܾϸһء÷˰ɣ
һһǾ㵵ӣ˫ҡʲôأҵĵͷ飬ȥҪһ˽ˣ˺һֵıͽụ̀ô͢ãͬʣõã
ͷϷĸʲҲȫˡһͷҿͳЦҲһĿһǰҲڵϻƽؿٱǴѧģľͰʿְˣʲôʱȥưɡ
ں˼룬ͿһͷԸ׼ʳҽ֣ѳҲˡԿͷĵ֣۹ְһٷʮҩѣȥ죡߻һ⣬Сȣ
ƯĵӣһǧʹžеˬɤŶපˣ¸׵
һһ£ʮʲжҲϽɽȣϷ̺ӼܴˮԱ̧ҩʢЩ͸ɵˣ֪ЩһｫΧʮ죬һѣҲֻܰǴ࣬һľûˡҶҾҲһһӱԵ
һȴһɣҲʿѱ׷һװ˵ǵһʲôڶʹġ
֣վƣֵҲѱͬΡڳؾۣƽȻҪúöģֵܵļҾֵļңٲÿֵܻжٴ£Ҫأ
ʿҲȲЦӦ䡣ۼһӣͻȻһʵ֣һȥˡ֮һ֮أʱܸˣʱֽԴ
һشģֻǵһЦӷ£һӣ߰ʲͻ·ˡ
ڣʿ͵һ䣺հ裬ȴ֪
⣬һȴҲ֣ҪƾܰŪãֺڴˣ۵ûţ
Ա˸üһôһͨڡˣ˰ɣ
ǰˣˣںͷأ

ʮʮһУ𡣶ѧ;ɵͬңڴϱ򸧱ļз쵱Уɱٳ췴ȥ磬࣬аġ
ղǩԼ֮󣬳Ȼƽ山ĸ߹ʿپЩҵһȱ
ڱһϵҶ־ųƻӾʹˣ羸ط԰ʵĶҶ־Ļ˻˺Ǹ׼ȶһõĵ籨ϵ򱱾ȥ
һЩЧųðѪսѷ֮󣬲žȳˡʿͻƽѹļ͵˺ǡһҲûеհʵ磬ֻǽп࣬Դ̣ҲԽԽ࣬һʱֻܽشͬάϱһ㽻ͨӡҲºڣϷү֮ǰһƽЩôħСΪ̫Ϸүٺأ
طΪ߳ʵδˡʥһ죬һüĿУѵƯִЭձʹȥ
һĵ籨ʮһѮٵͱ͢εͻܿ죬Ҷ־ҲٲƽϢˣ͹ȥ
ͻͻͣϳƳƽϵ£ѵЭձ֮£Ӻһתγʱ·˴󳼣Ҫƽ£·˴Ҷ־Ҳû涨˭쵼˭
һǸʹӾƷıΣǴ󳼲ʹѾĸˡЭͣʱ·ˡһƽٶȣʱĳƺɾֳֳˡ
ͬһĻһ˽ţһͼ֣͹ͷӿе㶯ƺҲʱǰһôûһʱֲóֻȴʱʰûΪ£󣬵ȴֻҵˣʱܱܲסδ֮죡
һֻЦЦ̵һ߶һ̫͢һҲưͿҶţһÿ
˳ȥģ̵ֲģò֣ǰҶ־Ȼղ·˴󳼵ͷǵ¸ӪͷͳٷˣԼ˵Ҷ־ǰЩҲȷ̫ˡ
ϢһûϢЩһֱڼµؽ費˵־ѵѧУѧУһζδͣһʿٲμѵڹڣļһ꣬͹ʿͨʢ½·ˮ·һĳ˹׼ٳڶԼ㣬֮ǰڶǿҲûдãΪһĲٺʿдѵʱ䣬Ҳ´¿ˣ
ʳҩһϡƽ򱱣һ·׼ʹáҪ˲μӵս۴ųáµıѾǳβı٣ݵͳƣݣ½ƽЭЭͳڱҲѾʱֻһ̵ڱӪװ³ʿھҰսڡʽļһϿ״ϵġٹҰսڻͭļһ˵ձڱʱûбͳ쵼ʱɳܣǸӪ¾䷢֮ĳƺǸᣬµɳ˾ȡᣡ
ֱҲˣҲֻǼӣһЩٴһЩ񣬲Ű൱ʿѵ߲˶֪δڸʲô
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ǶٴǣֶֻѵѵѵͬѵϢ޼ڣ档ƴѵȥӵһȫ֮ãо̣ƳһȦͬѵЩ͸ЩٵĹȥ
һҪȫչһ֮⣬βı鱨ԬԬ֪±ڸʱһַģҲҪ涨ķΧ֮ڣͷգܶ鲻ǽƾͿƵ˵ġûܣǹܣκγߵıңʱϵĵǰѹѹԵĻѵ߰ʿÿһѹõʵսѵԳʵĵƵ˽⣬սĻãĵϡûбõֶˡ
жÿζɴÿζѹԵʤҲôǣ˭ǵӣûҪãݾͻʾˣϽʱӣ£һʼտԿС˳㻹ս鱨ϵͳڱʸ鱨硪Ԭ߲ǰ׸ŵġδ֮սս鱨ϵͳһд㡣Ԭϸ磬˯ʱһ۾ء޹Ԭĳ̶ȣǸ˺ö
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ʱѾȫ캮ضЩµҲʼ̫ˣҶҪǱʲôģģʱоսԸһǸ첻ܵزյĶ壬Դء
ʱɽףˮ羵ǧɽѷɾ𡣴ʱµȥçç黣سһ
һ¯УȻŷһúÿ죡꣬Ǽ֮ˡԼ·棬Ҫһ꣡Լ׼ô磬ԭļô
ԼֽŶѣЩӵıߣҲʵࡣò˵һΣҲеģˡԭǸ·ƮƮһǽɧȱ´ķϲС죬ƺѾȫһˡ
ʱúÿ졭
߳񣬴ѩУʲѩһ⣬һԶϵѲڣûֵЩ棬ιιϢϢվȴǱ־ˣǹҲʼߣһ£ʱԳ
ЩӱߣЩʲٲȻѾ֣ҲԸǡ̬Ѿ˾ϱɡһģȻ
ӪһǣֵСӣѹ˼һ߶໽УһѩӡһҲѧÿ˶ݽʵƵġЩһѩѩڳôӵƣֵˤһţ
һһŹ֣ЦϳӳģЩׯڰʽȥٺʦѧְɣ
ŵԷҲˣ·һ·ܹ񣺡ˣҪȥĶ
СӶ˳ˣԼľ֪ʲôˡ
ʱĹúÿ졭
ģģԶأҲǻһƬһûشĻֽƽļڷУŴѩһƮƮľȥˡֽĹڳּ͢ͶĴãûпꡣ
ʲԻңɽԶǺںͷ׷һСͲбĹҡȻʷѾΪıˣǺɣ꣬ʮĽδĹ֮սҲһ֮ս
һЦһţЩλߵ̬ٶȻȻˡЦСӣ˸Ҫأϣ治䣬ƨɱǹҹȥ
ҲЦ˸ȣתۿˣÿʱҶҪˣĽͣ¶Ѹĺͣģǹը޶϶ꡭҽÿʱ³һӣҽڡôǺԶأ
ﴩ·һɫȴ˵Щ˹סˣСӻǸˣҲǽûʵڲ񻰡Ҳ˼һȴŵ£ȡ꣬ԽԽòӵ£
üͷַŻɫͷ룬Ҫˡ˵áһ˵ʶһĪϯԼǸϰӰǰͨ齫ְСҳζĲˣѺԺ졭
ȦͻȻеȣת뵽ԼʱյļҡŮӣҲڵȥɣ
͵תߣȥ꣡


ڶʮһ ꣨ϣ
һڳʾӪССأһζȹйӵĽա
ʮ³ͷ׷ӪСǿʼ㹤Ǯ׼ؼҹꡣǮ׬ʴȣһһֵС۵ʳҲõ߰ӵѪۡǵղѾˣڳһҪؼҵС·½·ѡ񣬺·Ҫ򴬣ִľһ·ͻͷ½·ģ԰մʢѾ·ʮһվṩ·ϻʳṩܼıϢѾСߺѡ
ڳҲСһģԵĺȵĴûпÿ׷Ӻͷܱ뻹һˡ컹һĺһͰͰĶȻ༫ۣҲ֮е¶ǿˣҧʵģܵĴѾ֮ˡؼõֵͷһܵס󶫼ңǻع
˱Ѿ⣬껹û뵽½Ӷ˳ۻƽһʱһڳʹѣͬʹСǣһһÿٷĺ
ӵĹˣ˺ˡ
ЩϢ֮в̫õϢ͸ܲҪСˣͷˣһú̶̿ʮС·ˣӪӪҲȫֻҪǧǧװж˵ķӡЩؼҵҲͿʼ˼ֹĿʼλȥˣ֪´ܼܲλá
һҲЩڳһĹǡϤʻ򣬲Ѿ˵䳯ʻμӹҵôªĽ裬һԣҲû˵ǹǻǶԳЩ£رǿԼǮ˱ѾһЩʱ
ԵЩ࣬Ҳǿ۾ġ
һߺôһ˵Ŀսˮĵطе᲻áʱмǧ˾ȲȥˣͬǰѹǮȥǱ
һĵڶļͲףֱһѾһļһղ󳼵ͷεʹˡʵأ˵ˣˮ·ɱ̫ߣҲҪͷѵܽǧˣϲ⣡˲Ұսӣ겻Ҳô
⼸ǧ±ҲرŴǰȲӪʳʳһƣǲܾĹ˵
йϰգߵĺǣڵĸǶ˵ġǿԼͳ⼸ǧ׼±ȲûŮˣԼѾٰʱסĹˢһ£ʻ˳Լģ⣬ϴøɸɾ·ʹʺ밲֪û´һȸСơգȻȻľͳˡ
ЩСǣкܶͬļԱڽСЩʵԹе㼼ĹˣڴӻѧѧѧͽغļʦֻҪÿһղΪ׵ĽίԱΪϸһ˹ȥҪʱҪؼҹ꣬Ⱥͳһţ˺ͽ壬Ϊǵǰ;𵽵ס
һĿǣڷЩ׼£ΪδĺĹǸɻȥ꣬ٻҪͳһɢϾд̴ģЩѪǮͳһ˲ţû˼ۣһһȥ˷ѵԴʹˣ˹ͳһЩɢмݳʱ䣬˵ϵء
¶не˳ߵµǶʲôʱܻȥܺһǩԼʮʮ극붼бϣʲôڼӰѣЩ־ߵģΪܲ˷ʱ䣬ѧһЩЩ¼ѧʶ˸߲Ҳأ
Ҳ룬һ𽫾ɢȥ꣬ĥսս־˻ټԱѵʱ䡣Ķ鱾µò£סǺܲϣ۾ʿӷһ¶ãսֳɫĻнȫϳιľϵͳӻعڣղүڲͳһʽĸлοǩԼղ˵Ĺٷ֪жС˼һլа²ĵʷѲ춼ЩӰеˣղ˵ױǩӹٷʲôҫƷвׯ˼ŹҪӵܺúöɣЧͽղˣûؼҹҫ桭
ܲǴ˳ϦһϢ죬о⣬ʱ䣬۹ٱȻճѵǼɵһûжʲôǿǵˣǻʲô˵ģڳʹ£
ӪҲҪиգһػı֡ʿʱĹС˵ʲô쵼ʿһգοƷӦ֮⡣һǸʱչӪҵŽһָʩһ˾;ãеλŵˣûȥɰ
ӪҲʿԶ֣ˢʻ룬ҵİӰ࣬˵ֻĴǹʯݡ͵ųϦһءͷѩ׸ɾڳſʮĳųٵʿߺȣǺⰡһŵҪԵûˡ˵Ķ䣬Ƶģۼ
׮׮ͬ߻˵Ļһûȥ¥յ塣Ǽӱһֻйˣߴ˵ڻĻȦġꡱζ縡˸߲ңϲЦտ˷·𶼳˸ɾΡ
ɹӪһеһҲָˡô˵ĴҳףҲгɾ͸Сǰ߳ۻأûϻؼңֻһŻȥլүһƽˡʹ˵飬Ƕϵ󣬶ԾʿҲϵٵ˿ʮ߰ˣ²æ꣬ۼ˾ǩѺоһ¡ȵ磬ŷǰյģһҪļûˡ
̧ͷһƣǩѺ澲ĵģճһ㴩ݣ㱨ʾһҲյ͸ůġԶԶģһںˣأأô˹ǲǣ̫̫û꣡
һǶƺûӷæѹƵġŲ𣬾Ϳ伸Ա󽫣ǣղӣݣԬûĸں룬˽һղ֣ʡɢԱļƻٸҾŻҪһ򡭡
û˵꣬ǾЦʹɫ񣺡ף갲
һһԾҲЦһʱȴ֪˵ʲôáѾЦŵ޹ˣǶ򷢸ɾˣ飬Ҳˡڴ±ܣլȥɣҪȻʺõ̫̫ͷ磬ǵԱģܲˣ
ҲЦˣذɣЩӣλ̫̫ߴٵ˶һһˡ飬ǾЭһأȥ꣬йҪӰ
ʱһ˵ʲôкŸʲѾܵȥˣһޣͱլӶȥһ͵˵طͿԼլҲװһ£ˢøɸɾġſڵµģ˵߽̽ͷĲסһӣʱ˸߲ҵĻͷܣǣЦˡкſһ·Ժ洫˻ظˣ˻ظˣ
һ֪ôģľһů󲽾ͳߡһžͿѾͷǶûŽصģ£СѾͷͷϻոµľһҲƵİȥһĻӭظŽլţŵ縡ȵ͵˽һǶžͳʩ˭СŮֳһЩͲϳò۾ģȫί޸̫б˲ãԶղô˵ţٹмįС췢µԹƼﶥˣ֪ôģҲɢ
һС檳ûشҶףӭүظڶһ˺˵լصӣҲסʱҲֻеͷЦװû
ʱСѾͷ죬˵Ĳ֪ʲô
Ƕ·͹ˣүҲˣöЩ·֡ҲöˣǴƣ
ǸС㣬ǹķ׺֣ôܺǴһֻǵģǲǵģɡ
ö࣬ö࣬ö͹¹Ķŵǲᣬү㵽׳öǮҿɲܣҪǣžӹˣҵǼһҪӵȥأʲôô
ԣ
һ죬ŮӵͿһð𣬶žͳʩ说һʽȹװΧƤ磬Сһգ١İŪĻһͶҧ촽ЦЦ
Уһջ󡭡Ͳסį뱻үշˣѾͷҲˣҰȥˡ
ʩͶžһСɷס꾫·ϡ氡үģջĶأйȣòٽĿӡʩԼ״žӶЩԼȾȻôôϸ֮߾Ȼôջ󣡶žҲһھǰ涼أӿʵ̫ˣһʮĹôģ
ǰһͳʩž诲ùأһá֮УһرǵԼʹµʱһĸ첲Ƚģ컹ĵİҩϴСѾͷˣ֪ôģЩζҡ
һǴ˵һ񿴹СȻãѾϷϼһƣͷͿһͿӰתųʴͳȹװϰһϵؿڣ¡һģһʩۣ֬Ůòˮģ·˳û˵ͷҲ˿˳ɼˡһһۣһԵľͰͷ̧Ӣİ˭
ҿ˸Լʺͺ׵ĳСأǸ΢ӣȻˣҲµδ갡
ǰһУѾһڹȥʱԼYY°ֻĥϣȥʩĳȣϮžأ͵诵šٻߣأĴݲһԳС
ûүͨݣش˽ڰ
һӦѾһϸߣϲ⣺ȹڷҲƵĳ˳ȥӢİԼ׳Ѿ请ˣԺڹ飬ҲҪź̫̫ģ˵ҲһͨѾͷĵλƼŮ˱ȥæҲֳһϹϽĸ˳ȥٿžͳʩһһңǲԹƿˡһչȥЦЦ͵͵̵Сƨһ¡ʵҲĿŵϵžүң

һҴҸϵԺˮǰͿѾЦվڵˣżʮģˣһùĹҵģòӣŴСȫǸү
ŵ֣ȦġȴڸչʾǶһģһĳС˫̥ۿһһս֮ΪһϺıߣ糾ֻ͡ǰҲ־֮Ӱ٣ֻȫһҵеɷ
һЦŶ诵֣ҪȴֻһҧгݣҪǲӰҪˣҪԿͷҽڻأ˵ˣǳƾʲôȳ񣿡
һЦȳۼһ񣺡Сģֻ۱֣۹£Ҫ˭ȻھѾϵҲãһֵĹ꣡
Ҳ΢ЦǣŮǸ磡ڻˣֻ´˸ǷòУ
۵ȻΪŮӹڲźüƫƫЩӵģΪӣԽ࣬ԽءԽɵ˸߲ҡһ۵һļһԤѧ٣һ޵Ĺ㷺ҵս鱨ϵͳǰܶշһĨڡ֪һЩʷʷǲǻԭһҪ˵ء
񶼲ᣬһϴѾһˡһô࣬ѵоգУͻȥҲҪ᲻áλ֪жܸļءôôƴ󣬺㷺ҲҪ˼ڼҹ˵ɣ˵ûָԤĵڶδʲôóʱʵ̫ˣ
սս鱨ϵͳҲǣⷽԼ޴Ӵֻ֣ίۿʼҲһЩѵľɵľ١Լ룬ҽôһ磬жôѣձϲ㣿˱۴㣬Ҳ˼翪սʲôɣܱȲеɣ
û뵽۾Ȼǰͷ糾͵ĸˣҿɣӦǶüĿҲ˵ֻǻͷԸһ£ͳƴ׼ǰż٣
ȥЦЦȻǸлһţˣҪڵģֻһأһǧİ㻪ӵܣҲҪʹһѩصУգ
һǧİ٣һһЦ֣أĵʣʹܣѾ޸ĿΪһ˵μҡ˰裬걻ˣҹǿʢ룬ڴˡ˭ǰӻǣ®ĹڵҢ˴֮ûôһעǣΪѪƴɱڻأ
ļϢһҼɧͳһӵģڶиˡбǶӵģҲšѾ׼ӹ֮ܰģҲҶӵܣצһѾΪ֮һգ꣬Ըڼˣˣⲻҵı£ʵʵڵΣļ棡
һһ仰Ҳ˵󲽵߳ȥĸۡǰһտأ޵ԿŴͬʱҲѲѩ
ٸȴɫڣŵ·̫ϳꡪЩӵܣҲʵ벻ʵж䡣
ĵվѩУ䣬ûһšվñֱǵĸ磬ǵѵŵУͶԼѾܵϿѵʵĴɽأڵĴͬͺĴ̵ڣ߲ݵǿо꣬𡭡ԼУԼϵ㣡һУһǵģЩڰ˵£˵ĳ£СĻ꣬δܵĽ
Ҳֻǣľ
ҵ꣬ҵľ٣ҵ塭ҵ룬Уҵļ硣
һȻǾ


ڶʮ ꣨У
ͬһڸϵԤѧ٣õղүŴȫΪԤѧ٣갴Ԥѧ֧ȡнãҲйǣӪʼѵ
ЩԤѧǵû̫˸߲ңǶȤ󣬵Ƕѵɼ壬ճΪһʽٲμս°ȻҪ֪вԤѧ٣˵ļͥӵеĲƸүӵе˽ҪһЩ
һ·ѾƼ˲ٹȥѣڵĽ١ñʽķװСţƤѥӿռˣ°Ͷﵽȥľ˷ɱʸЩΣͲƤꡭҪ֪꣬ڼҹô˭ͼģ
һһϯǲƽϢһ
ӪѧϰѵðȫǣΪԤѧ١ɵʱ򻹲֪жʣΪһʱϿᵽ˼ѵȫɽļҪȴԴݻǵȫ룡հɣΪ֮ǵľʱҵҪжʣֻҪúӣҪث֣
ò˵һⷬǺܶЩǧѪڵǵθڡѾҴҸôͿǰ׼úö͵һµģȴû۰ôôʹôࡪ֪жٵȫѵá
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Ժӣ读ϵһϽĽӭլڳطá۽ϣδûŮһ˼ʱͲ۹£̸ֻ˽ˡҲѸ¹ү񵥷ϡ˸Ů˭һĵλǶأ
һЩϲ£죬һң֦ɢҶӵյĽʲǧԪĴң˹ǰ½ѾҺյĲţǵѿȥҲǴųϡѹӵһЩ𶧶
Цúɫİϧ֪ǰ͵ޡӻʱһʮ޻Ǵֱʣžͳʩ诵Ĵ󷿵λĲɶҡš
һһսӣ׼к˸ɴཫԼϷڳдλ˵ʱ򡣾ƼһĹͨˣˣ̷̷ͬŻھֲٺѾſڵȺ¼ҵľ̫үҲˡ
û˵꣬ͷ˳ʩ־ϲļУ磡žͿӰҲƵ˳Ҳһһֱۣſڳȥ
̷ͬҲˣһæ۸Ҵߵ⡣ϴθֱŤһֱæ̷ƨɻϺΪһյĶ۹ߣһ껹ϴó̷ˣ
ߵԺƼ̷ͬӵãվԺУ̧ͷͷԻɫա½󵱷磬βȺ˹ʿ˫poseǰ󣬸߸ߵ͵͵վżʮھֵʦ֣Щ졣µ´һո£źӧñӣ޴վǶ߰ͷʩ§ӣ޵ĵġ֣һʶáڶžϵߣ诵ĸҲڳʣ档ʲô׾춼ƲţҪһϧ˵ˡ¸ͻȻǧôСѾͷ˵һһЦ
һЩѵˢһվųµ¡µָ§Ų֡󻧼ĹأլӴ׾죬Լӿɺãͷ¶˳ˣǰ˵ִˣڳµ¿ûӡõվǵͨ졣
̷ͬҲһɫʲôҲ˵ǰһҾ̷֣ĳ
ܲô̷ͬҲɵӣصϺҲעʷ粨ĵ۵£һһֶȴһλʦŪ䣬úһ״Ԫ͢ʽҲ½ţûҪһһͨɢ֣ڼ䲻ݷʱշתŲϾ֣֮
һ߾һӦԣһҲǵ⡣̷ͬϾûˣһϾǺͺ룬Ͼʥ̷ͬŴҴҸ۶ֱ˾ҪϣҹɡҪһǸɣ
һæķסʲôֵཻ֪ģСС粨㻹浱ôһˣңѾĸˡһףҲֵܣͷظԺ̤Ŷ
һ˵ˬ죬̷ͬһЦĳһӣû˵ģ̷ĳԺδߣȻһƪ£̷ĳţֻҡźҪͷ̷ĳҲǷڵ飡
һЦ֣̬ͺð졣
ӷ꿪ʼҪڴʱˡĲãҪһƪƪĿʼΣԤѡһڳƵ°ԭһĽǿŵֽϻĻƤѹĻ̵̻ʱǲŻᾪȵķ֣һжԤһ㡣ʱΪĳ֣֪ʶײ㣬ôķΣѵĸоڱǸӿ˰ɡʱһͲֻһƽʵı߲Ĺľ
˳˯ǿԼ˯ŵʱĻѴ״Ĺֱǹ˵ö֮֡ƫƫ̷ֻʵѡ֮Ұ֮㹻ԸҲǵ͵ĺӣ˲áֻҪΪ֣ɱԺΪеġԼ׼ȥأû룬ڲ̷ӾԸͰ͵ˡǣôô³ţ
һ䣬ѵҲǰ̷ͬһۣ̯һܣиֵҵĵӣôˡ֣УЩӵܣͶҸиˣ

˵ⳡ۵֮һ֮ķ粨Уǣ浽޹ˣͷǾŴĪˡĪĳΪ˵۵£һļӶĪĳΪ˺󵳷йŭĴ
ӷﻹδȣ͸ھַţ¼ٿӸϵñܡĴ
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ҲЩǵøҸ·壬ֻ̾ϢŴյ̲ԽЩС͵Ϻ̷ͬ̷֪ͬ·˴һǶǡ̷ͬҪ彻Լųӵܣ̾Ϣž뿪ˡԼһС¶ӦЩ˰ĺӣҪ鷳Լֵܣඪˣ̷ͬͬУλҲֻһȻĹ뿪
㣬⼸ʮӣվһߵԭˡ
һĿתµƿӣӲߵһǰͨһ£ʮҲĹˣͶˣǶܴܰܳԿ࣬ҵҲ˵ˣһˣٲ᲻ӦģҾͿԸ˵ǣģ¼
ʩĿҲͶ˹Сġһųµ£Щô죿ȥ˻ӦҲЩˡ˵绹ʲôصˣĪȥܾѵһֱѡľٶĻģܺܿܽ½ġЩӵܣֵҪ೤ʱ䣿ҳµµɰһȭͷҲӰһء
һֻ̾һɣĽܲôҵĸʲԺ󣬽ܾѵҪףٲӦ׾ĵطҪԿѪƴĵطɵģ£ɵģͳǣתǻǼ˵֣
ˢһȴǸһϤһЩҲõĻ˭úö˭˵Ƕ˵˺ͽҲǸĺӣʲô˵ģ
һƬ͵ʩ˵һ۾ˮģ⡣һһȥ֮ô𡭡һſתЦδӪͻҵļӵܣһ꣡λ¹°һȥȱʲôҪ
첽߹ûһķԸһȵÿϣҲһ˿˵ɫϸǽţһ㼱Сһһ񣺡ˣƽүӺԱҲѾ⣬˵Ϊ˺꣬Ŵ˽Ӽ
һһǹ껹ǸϼôƽʱҲţ˵һزƽһ벻õ˵ҵһ뿿ңһͿⱱغҵĴʢ
ʽǺƽ渶һʼĲҵ˲ţҲǺƽṩļСļʦ½·䣬ʣٵλүӣҪǵ۵ԭһΣٰ췢ǮƱ֣ͻһɶˡ⺫үӻǸһ׷ƵģԴԴϵṩֵ֧֣񣬱˵ļС±þȫ⣬ṩֻһɱۡ渶ʽһװɵҲߡ󵽵ʲô˼һҲ²˺þãóĽģģ
ںүӸֻкô¡
үӵ̷ͬһЦŻѵȥˡû壬гʩ̫̫æһءլ棬˭֪үЩŮӵ˹棬˭ҲķԸ
ʣһվԺţӭӺүһСԴһͿһƤãŷñе̬ӵĺү˵Ĳ£Ц߽һվǶģƵ˦ߵĴҪǧ񡣻ŵһæȥ
ôүӸ밲Ҫ
үӣһ밲Ҫˡǹ꣬𱲷֣ĹλҲǾĶƷ춥ӣ㲻ˣôôԶܹ
үЦüֻۣǲסȭôܲꣿף࣬ΪҴسͷˣιһˣòծһˡ
һһͷҪծˣҲǻǴڼǮȻǶơһսǮúˮƵģءǺã
»ڶڣϻЦôáͿƽһڣ˶ƤϻӣһɻĽӹһһ۾͹ˡ
һƱžĺһǧͷƱһö٣ϻӼһ⺫ƽרǰҲǳ־ǽ棡
һֲٰǮƱУнͷԵͨʢͨǮϢ룬һֱڹϡͷȥȻߣǲŰͷҪǴ˴СҪծͷǰͰͶܹ˫ַϡǮϢʮŴƽնԴʢӦոǰʮˡҪǾŲͷӻȥٴածǿɾ˰
һƤϻӷͷһѵԼ̫֮ˣ˶źҪǮǮϢɷУǲô֪ͷûҪǷծõˣܵסͰʮǮС£ⱳ˼Ǵ£ûкõӣȥ᲻áʮأһĸµľá
ƽЦһ֣ŵļʮǰһͷ߸ߵ͵ͣȴžһǧˣƣôҲǾܹѵпǴһﵹڳȥѵʽ
ǴʢӵܣҲƳˣǰմӴһƤëġҲ֪ⶫ߻˳һ·ˣٲˡһ˴˵ҵͷҲﲻ𰡣ѡ˼ʮӵܹ뵽Ͷ꣬ٲҪҪǴܵǵ컯ˡҲǴʢĻ̶Ǹɡ˵ͷֺһմĻɺã
үӻ˵ÿһȴ֪ͷǵõ㲻ɣƽôǮʻиͶԼﻹŰʮ򡣲ΪЩôͷһֱЦƵᣬԼȴһֱƲ͸
ĵתͷ˿塣Ȼɫĵͷվţͷ˿ֺͷһΪʲôͷԼɫ
һֻǵһЦүӿڣǻʲô˵ģҶաԤѧһ壬һڵľѵүȻû˵ĻǾѵȻ˽ǲһ㡣µľһֱһֱġһˣƳĵʲô
ˮͰɡԼߵȡĵ·һôϼ޻жģ壡
һӦүЦ̧֣
¡¡ģһһԵķ˽̧ģ۳滹Ҫƺϱ񣬾ҪһﶷƵģһԺӣԵĺȵĴõģĿϾӡĻˣСӣѾͷϷӶһҲúүӴĽЩ˴
ôûһ⣿Ҳֵʲô˶ӦһֺžͶˣƽش˽ڰ
ôһǺЦţһٷ絶˪һǰеĵ·ҲĽ죬ԼѾһͿأʷ˻ûڣվ棬ѾʶĵλʵŲˣԼйһ·ԽԽã
·ںľƵģ־۹ᶽţܹʿ״үЯԱݣش˽ڰ
Щ¹̹ҲˣЩڼھǲıٵļһЩӡй˵Ĺ׺úܣʱҲһĹϵˡ˵ΪԼ֮⣬һҲǹΪ˳ĵġûмôݣκ˼붼Це֧ȥԵ˾йĹŶصô
Ϊ͵ʿǶ³ʿⷽľͷӦٵ١˱ȵ¹ٸһ㣬ûһ㣬ֱ޿ޡټǾ˵нˮ¹ڳ֮Ǻhappy
һԺӣԺ¹Ƕһ׵֪׵ĻΪļأЩؾصѾͷСӣƼһӾͦžѥϸߣ۾øƵӽʱŵһ󼦷ɹСѾͷɵˡ˭֪ǸѰ
Ժֺֹ̣ܽƽֵԹۡͷӶҲûʲôøСһֻԼЦȥѣʺ֮󣬲Ҫһ½ѵеΡ
˭뵽״ľȻŵЦ갡̸£ｫҵģ˵Ҫɷ˵žʹͳһ֮⣬¹ٸһ˶ЦҪһ
ΧˣЩǲٳƣһʲôݣ
һƨҲ֪ǳڿЦűӵһӵѵɣһЦĽӹ꽫ϯο͹Щӵ࣡һй˹ڵգʱ򣬳аŮװΪͼ䵱еľƬΣ

һ磬йȥˡһҲûϵؼˣȰ칫»ҪءۺǼҾۣžÿҪȰĦһСѾͷĵϣ·ءʩ˵͸һ߶߶˵ҳˡ
һԼ棬ķźһ񵥡
ģ
ʿȥһǡʿĲܣھˡϸ鲻ˬ˼֪ôء
񵥵л̵ͬģīֽѣͷӻģﻹ͵úᡣ
µģǧҲǴֱˡҲǵģֶֻٻᡣðɣҲ׼ͱˣʲôʲô
ϱ߶ͳ죬һõóֵ˫Ϳģ󻹲֪һûбСˣ챻үľѥء
ôж͵ģһ𣬶ŵһţ°;ϸɫ粻ֻʣһ˿Цݡ
˰ˣ
صķţȴû뵽Ǻһ񵥣һС⣬ֶȴ׾ӵıʼ˶¾ޡףղһӾ˻һ갲
һ죬һ뵽Լ֮Ƕ˫̥ŮǴˡ񣬵ʲôôͶˣ
⣬ȴһĶ߾ᣬչһȴѩУһ꽫ççȺɽʵԣȻ֮ھᣬȻֱʣǽĲӢڱʶˡҲ֪ǲǳλ֮֡
滹֡
ƺҺڣѩӿǰ
絶˪աΨ壬Ҵ彭ɽΨƵѡ


ڶʮ ꣨£
⿩⣬ǰʿڵĽŲѥƣҪʯ·ûСʿྴ񣬽ǹλȻپ뿪
ٲĴӹĵ̧ͷ۾ڵѾĸСʱȥˡ
꣬ʮ꣬һΪμҵӡ飬ǻ۽ϵõʱ򡪡ǵĴͳΣʵ΢Щᡣڲһʱô
ϼɵۡ鷿վ鷿һСţĽŲһֱڻſڵŮһʽŴ򿪡಻ϢҲֻһֱšٿҲӭŶص˼˶
ҹɫУƻԶԶǺǸҹĳСֻڽɽǱߵĺеֵľ
ձĶʮ꣬ľӪĽձΪˣѾߵ۷壬޿ɽ۹أȴСòܳƵġ
ƶļͥһ²ʿӡĳ˭뵽ߵһ
ʱӵѧϰ;ܰһܵĸӢѧϰĻ⽻ܷʱôܣվ۷壡ɽǸĻȨյļһձ־ת
ϧձ̫С̫ûбѪôҲ׳ֱܺٲĵĲҰƥ䣡
ŲٵٿҹɫµĶһۣתͷ鷿ͿСŽ˵˾ʲôٻص£ʾ
ǿ˵ſڣһձʽķ䣬ֻǷһСĵĽЬؾصĽվڵ䣬һ
ٷһݱ棬Ҳûл񣬰ʾһʽ£ͷɽڳʾƵı棬Ļ˹ˡ᲻ύҵģύɽؾģݲͬأ
ҹۡģͷͷɽʱﻹһʱݣ򶨴ȵӡһͷ󺹣£Բᷢ飡
ǴϾ㣬ɽصĬ£ںǽеԵô
ҲߣͷɽֻǵͷһҲұ⡣վ˼ͷ䵭Ľ½磬šڳһ¶ˣж彻ˣ֡⻰Ҷ˵Ҳɽؾ˵вǣ
ѵҪڶս֮ǰǣͷɽﴧ⡣
ձڣ߲ʿѾ֪һսҲϲȥˡ
ձľǸǿҲ۾֮ձ˵Ը
Ϊ˸ձϧֳۣҵƻùӪٳ۹ɷݵİ취ձ˵Ѫһ͵ĲƷƶҵĹҵձı˰գž޴Ĺũҵũȵձڵú̿ﵽ֣·̴ﵽ˴Լǧʮ֣ɴ39.5ЩҵҪָ꣬ԶԶ˵ʱڳ˯й
ǹڵгѾص޿ɿأڵũҲѾ̰޿̰1890꿪ʼձĹҵܵʾΣӰ죬άһξΣ֮һģΪũҵͶ벻㲻òͶ빺ʳ˶ԳƷĲձЩ̰ͬĲƷҪгҪԭϣҪһ̰
ձҵĳɾͣһʱҲǿ档־֪ˣ1890꣬2045Ԫռȫ֧ٷ֮ʮˣ1892֧꣬3455Ԫռȫ֧İٷ֮ʮһͬʱձҪƽҪйҵ裬ҪԳƷвҪ㹺ʳÿһԼĹ׼ս棡
ձ͸֧װʿ֮ͬʱǾΣİձѾ޷ҲܣΨһΣս
ǿǰձģµôܹѧϰأܣΨν쳯Ϲ޴˺ҧĶҲֻѣ
˵ǰ̨¼ǰĳɳ¼оڽĺǹ䣬ˮôձҲϲȥˡһǿŵĵ·֮󣬱ıһսʤ죬ԭͣûм·ߡҲǺģûл۵Сıûôĵ̣ҲûôĻأ
ͷɽվ亹Ѿôˡһ˵ڶǵĿľӪ𱨹˶뽫ձڴһͭեծʮ򳣱½ȫݵѵ𼸴ԼҹĶԾ޸졭
ڶսѾ޻п棬ĶѾˡϳʺһˮʦںϣ山ŻҲѰҵõĻᣬΪʲôҪǣ
ս£Ȼڼ걬
ƺ˼ĿŪһЦͷɽϲ飬ܻ̫ðɡǰЩʱѾǷݵֻ̫Ҫף־ձ˵飬ֻܣҲֻһ˿Ϊü֮ǰҲŻ˵Ҫ仰ҲתɽؾǿԾĿų飬Ϳˡ
ͷɽ˵Ϲ¡ٿһЦϲ˵ôأһƬ͵հɡͷɽǾͲҪٵˣٹһʢĴڲô

ߵߵģСӣ
Ӣվ̨棬żָ̫С̫ǹҵΧϣľɪú԰ڣӲǸױһƬʢɡ
ЩҪ̫үţҪӲһСûˣָû̫ϷүáèˣźϷүĶҲģ㣬úúñǡ
ô˵СʵˣˡϷү٣˭ҪϷүβģ˭͵һӲİɣʲôǿȥ𵢸̫ηĴ¶ͳɡ˵ˣʲôʲôǿЦôıһҲˣĻߴ˿ԵĻҲûҪ˹ˡȻСһ֣
һһ֮ԵĿڶģģˡҲС̫еҪæٲҪʲôӵ¶ʰưɣСӹֿϧ˵ġ
ӢĬĬһϵʽʰԤף١ٹʰԤף١פʹ̫ʰԤף١Ƿ̻𣬰ʮͷ;ƣ֮¡̩񰲣
Ƿеҧ֣ܴܲŲ̫Ϸү˼ңԼݶء
룬ͿԼֶŮϷүˡϹۺģһ·ں㿪ЦǼȡˮ
ȡЦ㲻ʶֻ֣ÿһмȡˮǲǺݡЦøʲôƵģϷүĻȡˮټûˣϷүĸ֣ôǴһȫˣ
ǺǴЦһ߶⺢Ҳʶֶôô˵أǿһЦɫ˼㲣Եü䴽ʤ£Ҳ֪ͷںʲôȥȻ͸ټϳϷү߶ǻˣ
ʱ˵ĴüĿԽԽϲǻǲ㣬ǸС˾ء˼ҵḶ́ʲôʱųôŮӣȰһһԸһСӣҪٵ棬ҾͺýȥЩ󳼣֪˵ʲôأֻͷžͷ
Ͱڳ̵̬ˣִۣ꣬һˡѰٺ˼ûУɴģļСӣҸ
ҧҧ촽ǿЦźϷүһӣϷүҾǸүƿӵСѾͷϷүﳤأҪҴ̩һأ
ĻϹ˵һߣôӵܣûģ
۲תߣԼǸߣһǺ޲ԼǸˡסƮҡ¡ϣ˭أ
̫Ϸү֮󣬾ҪԸǸļһ˰

һĽգͬ˼
ڳʣҲʮʮʱˡһլֵһˡĹҲ࣬ˡ֮󣬻Ѿ˵ůġŴӰʱڵģƽıسӣ۴Ϸ֣Ӿóʮ˰գһϯ棬ǻŽء
ھӪѧУҲǾ⳨Ӧﻹǿһ¾ƵҶųҹء
һǫõľֱһۣƽ̷ͬ룬ǶžʩӢİãϳµ¶иλá
ϯıžը֮󣬸ͬʱϯһļլһЩ¹ʺ²ıӢһǸĹϵͳһղӸѧʦһݲ˵϶ھӪʿǾԬ֪һȥˣҲںˡ
ϯ֮󣬴һţһþĶǵģ˵֪Ӻ˵ֻҷ׷׵ȾٹһƹǼ־ȥһƽղȾƣͽʵǾһ㣬ԼȶƷ衣ӼҲˣͷҲеˡ壺һˬ죡նҲڴҲˣô˸˵˵
̷ͬȸͣ˾Ҳ൱ġӲһһžƱˣٿ۾Ůǡ⻰״˵أ
ǻع׷ݺǵЩӣ˵Щͳ͢ͱ˸龫ǵ״
ǿѾǱʣңΡĽѾװȫ½һѵҲǴܱȵǿһһԽǵİѾղͷΣ¹ͬԸȴëûһ
ֻǵһ£һ͢ڳһٲ͢ûڳҲձʮˮ½֮ƶòҰܡһֻ˾ӣҪ۵ҪΪƬϵɰܵĻᣬʵֻܿΣ
ʵһҲ˵ڡ
ûпԼĹչʾδôáȴˡ
ͻȻԼԼĺƮڻУһһһԽһϯ˶ȻһһۣǴͷȱ˻ֱԺҲϽ˳ȥƽ̬ӵļһﶼܵ÷ɿ졣
Ժǰ͸ʲĬĬվˡһǳֻĬĬĳԶһָ
ԶɽҰǻѣһڻš֮£ȫװʿͬҲӳЩ⣬·֮䣬
ȹͳգЩǧʿԽĸеĹС壬Ҳһֱ޸ǣǣԽô裬ԽԽߣԽԽǿѵĥǵĽƽʵĹһڣΪ֪̫ļǡЩľٺʿǣȴҹԽԽ࣬Խ˵Խ˺촦оٴʿ뿪˻ѣ֪йʲô顣˴ԽԽ˼룬ʿԶձƣ˻ѣӪһȦȦζš
Ҳѹֵ𣺡꣡˱ʤ꣡˱ʤЩٱôеǣûнгһĿںţ
߶ŴͬĲΣİͷ֮ϣĮĮ
ڲԶЩ¹ҲڿһС֪˶ã״૵˹սǰǸʵ۵ʿǣҲǳéݵĵݣȼҹ衭µͶ˹ʿֵ̿עšｫ֪ǵˣ׻ߵһô
һ仰ҲûлشҲ֪ǸõѣеĶ鵱С
£ÿ˶ĬĬעһעӡ诣Ҳһ
֮һŵһЦ֣

ֵϯҲɢȥʱʿӪꡣۺƽ̷ͬȵ˲ȥϢˡһҲò̫࣬Ҳסˡղھ棬žͳʩƴĳһʩɫ۾ˮġҲľ뿪ϯϡ
ɢ֮һ͵ײײĳԼȥʲôѾˣһɱšתȣͿһӰڰٲһĳɫɢĹâ诡һԼˣѾͷʲôʱϯģ
һ说Ӱתݹһס˺ϣѾͷƯ˻겻ĵزˡҲһͻȻһ˹һһûʪ촽һĴϡ
课Ȼǣ
ŮȻǻɬֻ촽ǶȥʱǸӺɷҪһʵһ§סڷʽʪǷϡͷķ£ʲôǳضʧˣڽڰˣСͷһ§һһذιȥˡ
ǲġһѾʼߣתۼѾ诵زλá˳װھ˽ȥ־ּͦĸо·ס硣ôŮӾһԵʩΪֱ课Լ׹ˣźݺһһ֣˳㻹ҧͷһ¡һʹһͽ˳
죬ͷҲˣ˿ճΪϡһһ˿ЦЦĿѾҰǵһˣӢȣѾСˣƭҵȥỹҪټǿһأ
һֻԼ֧ϸߣѪѹҪ쭵ȥˣͶң
滹أ˵žһֻС¹ıʧҹǱҺһҲ͵ƣϳŮεļӰ
žſ̽Դ̽ͷ̽ԵģȷУү
һЦ߽ȥ诣ûӡ߽ӣǱѪ쭣
ʩͶžӵġСһԼļ仭ͼúүҸֲ÷죬õĲϷƳ·Ҫܼӱܡ
ʩǿࡣӰģһ˫ȻһžߣҲСһЩĹӣܿ鹵ͻԲ״С͹ҲˣһĿͶߵøϽס˸첲
ʩҪϨƣһЦס֣һѾͽ˴ϡʩͷѾڱ˫ɳΪƷĳȻƤĳһ˹
ʱʲô˵ģᱧžһϰɡ
ϥȨ
꣬ҪɡӶȲˡ


ڶʮ ת
ҰĵʵһӲĴƽʵĵ·߹ЩǲŴҰҲ֪ȥ˼졣ǵʽѾϴ÷˰ɫǹļλã͵Ħֺ͹ؽڵλãѾ˲ˮͺһþЩġֻн꣬޶Ŀ
ٺʿѾɫ˹ͭɫǴʲôطġݣﶼ·̺ľһжǵһѾ֧ˡ
֧ԼһӪĲ棬һڱƥŵʮ׹ҰսڡڱڳҲǰ·ĵǿ̫ˣһٸߺһʿǶʱ˾裺ս£ž裬̤ŵ棬һŵֱ̳ڱǺһĿԡһ׵ľ٣ľĿխһɫʵڱڵĲǲӪڽҲ൱λһĴٹˡ
پȻǸˣ˵ĺͷŵʽñ¶١۾ҲģӼСҲߴ󡣳ǰʱһ໰ӦǸĺЦԲӵľûһԸܵġ
˾Ǹٵ۹ڱٰᣬҲ֪ӴˣӴˡпһҷʲô¶Ϊ١һڴӦֱȻŪһֱڱصΨһһ̵ӪӪȻӪѵܸŴҰ⣬ܻսҲ̵ֻӪһĹҲλ
˵Ǹ޷ļһҲ쵰ȥںǣҲһЩǲٱģò˵ѵڱҲһ֡ǴܾúЩƵġرľ٣˭кøˣ
ЦһƬɶ黹ߵֱֱġȻ˲ٻܿԿһ֮󣬴ӪƲˣǳ䡣ּྲǰУо̳ȴ˿ˡ
öͷԼµڱһֱ㶵Ŀûһӳٰǻģ˰ʿĭģҪˣͻ֪սʺѾǲڱˣһҵѥɣ

ڵʱ䣬Ѿǹʮˣչ˵Ѿһ˾¡ʱ÷ɿ죬ûץʲôͳһӰ
ЩӣǷ˲顣ЭרʹһʹĴȥձһڶһ׵Ĳʹλ󳼵ȻɧձٲһԴǿĹ飬һ̵ĲӰֻжռ˽λЩӡ
ڸרʹˣһ̬ȣձڿܸߡǶڻפڳʣֵĵһԡֱĩõ̬ȣô£Сձʵǿиɡ¾͸ΪȻˡ
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˼̫Ϸү棬һ٣ǰǰӳﱸ󹤿ʼм仹Ϸү¶˲֪ãҲ֪˶˵ĶӣۿҪˣҶ˼úһ̫ƽʢ
仹бЧѾܹĵԤֹץʱɨβ˵ٻȱѾųбЧģûĿּ࣬һʵȱģҲǼȱҲˣϺصʮ򣬼εʮ򡭡ӵ˻۾ţæһ
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һе޴˯ӹһ˾ͷڴݵʻŽһ͵ʢʱ̡
һƺͱȨԴ治֪ĸȥˡ

һûԼԼһ¶
˶žͳʩƷǸȪѾ³ܲıһܰ칫ĵص㡣ɽУֲǺԶ诵ΪȪԼ˽Ӹ˽˵·׼СĳʶšһһۿСﱣܰɽһ˭ҲΪвΪ˵ģȥ˲á˵ھӪҡڵļѾ죬ôһ¶
ҲæµһϴȪʲôģðӡ
жʹ죬ǾӪͷһߺݺݵץѵһ߾ıʱԯ칫һݷݵϻܹһݷ鱨йһһƻƶ˼Ϊ⼴ٵĴ籩ռʱԼҲָͷ㣬һ쿪أǲãǾţ˰ɣ˰ɣëͷСڴһ
ǣձ˻ôأʷ϶ѧļսЩһѾƽˣڳʷľɵҲȫĿƵУձмһӴЩνľɵ룬ձͣɵӾТЩһˡ
˿Ҳɣձҵڵı¡ʵǹھ˵ٻҲνձˣվ
ìܵľǣһżĵһϣܶʱԤҪʵ̫ˣѵװƺͱ˵ĹϵŻԼս̬ƣһ붨ҪϸݡЩһѰѵĵͷ̫ĺˣ
ϧǣˣǷ籩ǰҹʵڲ࣬ٺüȥûСԴǰһ֮󣬵ھ͵û¶һҲЩӵˮʦᶽҲĴңΪԼжʧ˰ɡϾһ򽻵ʵ̫ðգ̫ǵ顣˭֪̫Ϸү֮󣬾ү군֮ա˵ˣǱɽɿ֧ССɿ
һھȪ棬ͷ϶һëĲҲԱߵʯͷ棬һեƻ֭Ȫһˮ鲻ϵĹ䡣
˵ʵڲѪͽŲ٣Ҳеϲܡڴ£һ쵼ߵҪʵܵ͡£̰һͿԡ
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˶ձ½ֻгǣڳǧ½ʦѾǰ⡣ӣֻװ˻ľʽӣƣս־սһȫʤ¶ԱҲңңȣΨһɹעҪձĶԱֻҪԱˣսѾüޣ
ֻҪ˺ȨڳϲĻ֮ˡվȥսԴ򡣶Ϊ֮һ֮ʲôҶס
һֱڣձս鱨û͹۳־Ӫս鱨ձõ鱨ղ˵ˣм֡½ҲУ߲鱨㲻½ԱջǴ´ġձ½ţҪǶԱס˵ģҪԱҪսʱƣսʱƾͱԤ۾ˡĸطԤ۾˵ĺŷˣ֪ձڶԱĸţ
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ʱҪպðҪɢһѼҵЩҲҪպʱУ˳˶ԡźţʲôʱܷأ

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ʿһģתơµǩѺڣӵһˣͷָֻŵķ
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ˮʦҪѣҪ͵ҩʱʲôңôˣʮŰݶ꣬һ¾̲ȥˣձͷ»ûһ۾أһе֮˵һбͣ
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ͣ˵ԼܾвѹĵףΪѡ
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֮ڣһҾСɵ١Ұǧϵǧ롱ޡɣɽϡ崡ĦҮ񺣡ǡɽӥա󵺡͡ͳǡǡ
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ǣɼʹ۾ƵĹâǰźʽϷñꡣ껹мˣһɫϣǲôűŤ
ԴӺǹ֮ɼ幫ʹΣֻͷӴʹʽʹ˵ɼ廹ڶԳºɵ⽻ԱҪǣοԪϣܰŮձԳʱʱɼȻˡɵҲûڳһĽסڸɽͨǣ𼫴ߵ籨蹤Уȡ˲Ľɹ
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ȵ죬˵ˡ
ʦ̨ܱСֱŵһι١Ӧýܵ˴Ӫɡ
ӪŶɼӦһȫӭ˺ҡɣѾһšձսӪڹ㵺ܳδӪԶԶͬǰϣϺʱνӪ
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ΪҪλãееĹʹͽӵѵԺн湤ֻӪ㱨಻ò֡ӪУ仰˵Űףβƻ⽻ԱѾΪһˣһʿܵĹϽ
ںҵУƹ谵׶Ӱ棬Ȼӡ
ʼˣ
ʼˡ
ã˷ӴӪһָ
ʦ˳ǣǰʹ£ҪʹݵĽṹͼо۾ڹʹΧձ۹ķֲͼԽϸԽã
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ڹʹΧܵľ۾˶ǧձʲôеĶСڳ⣬òﴦҲ˺ܴ󹦷򣬺ͻפֱ֣ӺŽ棬ҪԱЩİȫ
λһôҪ
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ˣˣһıҲƵĳһŵڱгȥһҰսڵѵڶ䶼˵ģûǲıк
ı鱨ϵͳģҲڼ棬ʮͿʼȻĶԸ鱨ŷͷԡҪ֪鱨Ǯҵ鱨;鱨ʵӱ˵Ҳ١ܲ鱨ս鱨ƣͷ˾ԬܲţֱӶһҲֱӺ۽ͷ
һժǸɫŷ⡪û취ııɫǺɫʲôϲ߶رҪתĻ鱨øƵġʲôϢȥһԹ궼Ӱˡ
ӹ鱨ڷ⣬߻Լİ칫ǩѺǸıţûãȻ洫һ֪ͨ˿ᣡ
ǲź֮һܵõܵ鱨鱨жϵľģΣⲻһϢ
һڻң´һжԶղӣһСʱŹһСʱһһԣλüͷﱾĺ˵Ц䣬Ǳ˿һɫûҲû飬ĹٵΪͿϲǶһ
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˶һۣȿڣ֪Ϣô
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̵ģЩСӻ˰
һעɫЩӵĹ䣬ҶҲ˽ձľúս֮Ĺϵݵüëһˡʣսǰף
Ļشǵ⣺ڣָЩˣ£ǣûôݵս鱨Ѽϵͳǻ᲻ע⵽ϢפձĹʹƵע⵽鱨ȻƵתšҪЩȨ󳼷ֵϢָЩϢ鱨ı壡ǲָǡ£ҹҲǿޣǷӦձľѾſˣ
һѾ˵ÿ壬жս鱨ϵͳֻⷽһʶǸʱգô󣬴սЦ
ˣҲľֻôһѡ
Ҫˡղӵ˵һ䡣ԬղһۣҲ˵һﻹֻѵʦ·ѵһΪⳡս׼ô
ԣҪˣһӦ͡
תͷųӪ񡭡ıһֱʲôƻôûӦԵķӣ˵Ӫʣ֪һĽĽıʹֻһáеʱöӪ֮Ĳж
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һЦҲġ֪ͨҪ֪ͨǵҶ־ᶽ佫һ˽šҲһ˽ţܲܿףԼˡٴҲֻôѣ
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Ҷбһ͢ǵ㡰СС족ܻģȨûɵʱڳĹٶղձԼĿΪһ¡
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һۣҡͷӵģ齨»ľˡ֪òȻĴ壬Ƕôһ
ձжٹصԶ
ﻹ۾ϸһλˣⳡһ϶Ҫսµ̵Щʲô
ʱһȴֻԼԴ졣һϵķԼʼˣʼˣڿʼˡĿˣ
ʼתĽҪͷжϣΨһŵֻԼ
ǣǿԽͷӿѹȥҪȥĻƺҲǧ֮أѹΪѡ
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һȫԱɢҪķϣѵƻҪϡʰ֪ҪĹЩѧʦЩСղӵӰ
ҲǻȻŲļҡ֪Լҵ׶һƴƴװʽƴѵº͹ҵ˲ӡӼã浽ãʹ⣬սġͷͨгʺͱй൱棬ҲԶԶڲ֧ġɢ֪Ҫӳȥƫƫһڽʮ·֮䣬ʲôֶΣҲҪȷʱ֧õʽ𴢱
ҪܣҪԲݡⲻôɢһΣɾԪһΰ
һձйծ鱨ôľ
Ǻղ׼ԶʱһѾ뿪˻᳡ǾҪִУҲҪִУ
ֶһۣʼñҪߡȴסĸ첲ĿĿܲϹָǡʲôֵܽҲ˲ˡ
һưɡ籩棬֪ɽĸ򱬷أָָһ뿪ķ򣺡׼˵ӣ֪ⳡ󣬵ǵʲôأ֮ҾŴ峯Ҫ۴ĸ濴

һ춯ٲƿǰļ
ļһ½ıڶ־ֳСִٽ½巽һǺĲıԱӣ֮ĺ巽
Ȼ½巽˵֡ʮ֪жձĽܳ˲ŶЩƲ䣬֪жټɳȥ漰ıҪ֪жˣΪȡװҪľӱԤ㣬ں͹ϵ֪жٹˣԼҹҪʵҩ
һУ˸ʵֵʱˡ
׵ģһ½Ĵɽн½ݷĴһ㹵ɫҰҲ۹ϳɵ֮󡣴ҲֻٲܿסˡһǺɽʼͲλн߹ɫҲţɽеƵ
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ʵⶼһһ顣½ϣܸǺ½һʼ˷;ķסôŰɡ
ⲻɽأɽʼº͵ʵɽܻƱˮʦսˮʦһգҾͲðһա
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ٲͷĻӻ֣ͷڹĵУǶҵУ˭ͷС£ֻҪ


ڶʮ ׶
Ԫһ˾¶ʮգҲǹʮѮ
춼û꣬Ĵ죬ⴺҲµò㡣ũǿɫǳüǴıںֱײȥĹ˵̣ǵһ磡ӱͼѣ𽻼ӵģܵסүӷʳ
ӣʲôʱǸͷأôһɽĵطϹүСձôôȤأ
ò꣬ҲɹɵĹȲݶƵġĻҳǸɰͰ͵ģ˺ۿѾ쵽˺ҹĪȻûˣѹҲԽԽ͡ģפһֱûнĳʺͻһںǴСûֻм·ڵĲפ棬͸һƻ洫һûһС
˵ӳ̰
֣֣ӽײ\ɷֶҲԩ
ȥ˶࣬תˣȥһİ˳ֽĹɣ
ڴ죬̵ֻֽһǮЬӶˣֽոԼ
ڹ٣СӪٸʲתתҵá
۵һûһģںǼžҹƮ
ڳеĶ䣬һֵȴľͷդӷֳض򣬾Ǳ߻ΣľͷҲû
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ЩձˣɴཫԼվš
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Ҫţūڹ˲ãһ¸첲ã֮أҪҲΣհ
͵תͷԣ˵˵ʲôзսƵˣͷӻ;ʮ꣬תսӢ̨壬ʣʲôʱҰģȥձ˻ûͻŵøʲôƵġ֮󣬳͢
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ʱƽɨūһۣԣЩӣ㻹ǼɡҵǩѺͲҪˡʲô飬һ֮
˵վתţʿūһۣʲôҲ˵žͳȥˡūʧǵ뿪µǩѺصԼիΣһݴʱ
ʲôϵǾƣһ̷ı˵ˡ壬ôûأ˭ܷΣѣ

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ʣһд㣬ΪѵгΪΣѵĹʽ̤ϴĵ·һУǷԸ
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ǾֻǺúøˣӮͳԷӮͳࡣһпԼɡʼ򣬺͵¹ӽˣҲѧ˲ӵɡ
һһЦݵ˼أ
һֱĬĬĿŵͼͷҲ̧Ļһ䣺ֻҪȱֵúһͳɡˣҶԽġ
һһѪģû뵽ѵúģôԼ˼£
ֻ͵һЦộٹ֡˭Ҳ֪׻ᷢʲô仯λʱ򿴰ɣûκ飬ᰴԤı仯
һֻǺݺݵĵ޲ɱһĵĵ鶼˵ˣ
ȻƻããҲ׼áһֱʱڵĵµͷǿųȳ֮£һ˵Ĵ
Ͼһ춨Ǵư֮սսࡣ̲ͬ½ԵСҪⳡսµߣһжᰴԤ仯
߶ߵˡһУͶɡ
̾ϢһҲеĺǦʡ˲ãֺγ˵ã
ⶫǴƣ֮·ѾǰˣԼץץס


ڶʮ 
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ߣ
ߣģƣ
Ůӻشʽžʩڶ°͸߸ţҲƵĿһ
һɢƻѾһ룬Ҳ֪˭ѣæ֮У뵽Լһӻƽأ˵լҲĸͨѾͷѾͷ߰ʮţӼϷ໹һƽլʱЩ˵ˣܶܲӮ
ͷͷ飬ɢԼȥѾˣȥһ˽ȫҲģҪ»ԼҾ֣ҲͲˡ峯͢ĩѾжûʲô˷Ϊūˣ
ٵķӦȴһ£һЦá
žѾݵõ·𣬺ҲֺӲŮӸƸķ򣬾ǲֻСѾͷһʱҲ֪˵ʲôźá
լ棬µʲͷżʮʲţҲ⣬͵үһ仰ʹҡ
ʱ򣬾ֻж֮Ҫˡҵġ
ֲûкɱʱǾͼʮˣͽߣһûУһǹôҲ߶
˵ȻǶž飬ͦظίö޳ˡƲֻôģ֮СѵûؼҼΣүݵöۡһɺãߣ
žڳ˺һͬ¼ʩҲȲ϶žԶʹ¾ıģҲ߹ڵģǹ¼ǻʲôԽǱҵģûôɣүǲߣġ
诿ûкֿԿ䣬ڿһԹʱһ⣬ҲһˣҲһˡ˼δΣһŮ֮ģ˵ɶඪˣ
ѾʾһһȫõһС꼸ͲӰʲôˣ
ڴߣ˵ŶˣҲûа뵽ּӱĺһͷø߸ߵġ
һֺֺЦҲܹŮӡǶԽģսһûУսһһ֪ԼΣǻΪ̩ɽָ֮ͷ㣬žҶүѹʩǶʵڲУѼϼܣóµ䣬Ļ֮£ҲСѾͷ诡ˣһˣ诺ֱŤϰˣһҲν
ûӰһϯŶǵɽغ
ǰ죬ձҰ֧Ѿ½ɽձϽӽӰҲڸɽ⺣ǧվ½ձҲҪԲ麺ǹʹݻǹҰѾ볯ɳ𢣬ɽȥסվҰ֧ӣ˲˵ҶǾˣǷ£˫ϲȥΪµģһǲҪĺá
ձҰ֧ӻһ߳Ż޸ţԴԴ½ءһҲʹ߻˵ҲǷ£ԸһȺϲ㽻ڴҵȷǲҪĺá
ѾڸƼзշҵĹʹϵͣƣѾڼҵĿۡʱٶȥսֲսֲˣձѸٵսչһһжѾüޣ
ڲҲֱŤ۵ƺҵ˻Ƶģ߽ҪȡǿӲۣ˼ʹսҲ֮е顣еߵûббȴڸ۵ƵģһҪΪѾƿ֮СȻԴϲ¶ܣڶһѾ˽⣬ҲڴֻΪԼλƽ·УǸеơǾͲף֮ô
ս£ٲѮҪվĶԱչٶȣʱˡʷʵʱڵҪôһ㣬ҲһСԽСС仯ˡ
Ѿŵÿֻ˯СʱСѾͷڸֱŤ
ŶҲǷϾ˼ҲֻֻϴޣǻԼ˼ԼܵŮӡ
ٲȢˣһһҧģһ߾׼Լļƻ¡ʵûʱǣ»æأ
ҪתţĴˮʦ˴ݣ

Ƿ֮ݵģתСֱ֮ͬͷ´֮ǺĻؽģֻǵһȥ¥յľֻʣɱ֮
ȫʽװĽʿ洦ɼ۶нʱСٶó棬Ҳȫ뻮һ񻴾Ӫ֮䣬ҲǹͺŶһҪǣϣȫԸܵΪӵ⺷Ϣ
һôôһ֧ǿģÿ˶ææµµ׼ʣַûһеˡʿȥһ·̳һ´ҲһʿӪִĵصȥˮʦԵΪףŴʽپˣվһȺȫĻڵУȻ޴ĸо
رǿһƬտӪصУгмոҰսڣɽڣڣϲʽˮǹЩոµĿ棬һƬ⣬ε۾
һεˮʦپηĿǰһУԵˣôӪİϻ½ʦ֮Ҳǰ󣡻öʮĿģ
ֻǱͷҲǷݡһǷǳзǳ֮¡ǡĩ밵ðôһӢһµӣͷ̲סһȡҲⳡս»оȣ
תۼʹԼ룬һǿҲûˮʦⳡսµĹؼɰܣںϣΪһ½ʦĺ죬Ҫһ֮ܰ
Ӵǵͷ¹һľ٣ڵһһˮǾòˡ˭Ҳûϵݣˣôŵʱ͸ˣԻЩٿûкøУͽȻͬһ֣ͨͱӭҲҪϢֱӾҪ·ݻһɫҲҶ˵ֱӽһլӣʲͨ˽ȥ
ǵģҲûôýһ˾ſڵȺûһͿһϲɫӭ˳䣬÷磬㴵ģ
עһһۣ˵һеƮƮģϲڳλߵļӣôһǻõĻڵһѾȻǸǧ˵Ĵ󽫷ˡʵ࣬Ҳ˲١Ҳȹȥ࣡
Ĭһ£һļ򣬴ӣһǧȥһžбٶǧµμղˣ
һһⳡսµУһЩͬġԼϾ̫Щʾ£ҲǿԽϢѾͷ˳ȥ½ʦҲУˮʦҲСôʱӦޡҲģԼæԼ˲ˣ˭ʱš
ȴû룬ˮʦѾˣǺһ˵ϻĵ
ŵȥɫҲһҸ˵ҪһףŤͷߣʲôھƴҶ֪Ҳ֪ǳżսңŲҰϻȥ
ؿһȣ£̸սֻһǸһûʧ
һһҲסһ֣֣ŵģˮʦҪԮ֣
һɫֻһļ򣺡ȥ˵

ʣɽ⺣
ձϽӾ죬ں統趯
ຣĺ΢΢з磬ĻЩϸžջµĽףˡ
콢ŵź죬ΪϽӾĵһλӣı仯źͣһŻתţָĵˡݣԺӦ٣״̬ˮ״̬Ѿսǰõ״̬
ӺɽʼˣվĽ棬ԶŽӲ֮󣬶ԶһЦ
Ѿȫ׼ˣʱҾͺ͸һͬϣͱˮʦսɡ뿴Զװ׻
ձ۹ɽʼͲ󽫣˵ǸпޣԶԶױʻձۿڣҫ̬õ۹־ʿ߿ףʮۣôһսĻᡭҪǶĸʿ׽ҲϽӶеУжã
Ӻ൭һЦ£սλϽ˾ٵģ²Ҫ¹ٵλáսλڳǺϹսûиʿҲԺͱˮʦһս֮ƣˮʦѾƣȻѾ˳ҲҪȷ໴ĹӦʱѰҵսĻᡭ
Ҫǲأɽʼͷʡ
Ӻ໹һЦϽӾ׷ȥ򡣡
ᶨı飬ɽʼͻһЦðɣϽӿǰᵺˡˮʦˮʦ
Ӻһ𣺡£ӪѾˣ
ӪѾ´ܶԱʮգ֧սϽӣҪΪⳡսµȷ棡ٰ

У˶͵ģҲֻһѡ
Ѿګګ˵˶֮ԣˮʦЩԱһ
ǰЩӣѾˮʦ˳êأǻѲ촬ڻִ̾ʣȷõ
ʱصĿ飬ʵʷǧϻ½ʦڳʣͳһˡŻҪ֮أȫ½ڻҲʢȣܽӪڻءû˭ϸ˵ˣΪ֮ر滴ӪƣΪеģ˭ʵ
ڡΪҪ񼯱ڳʣΪ̸нСֻͬⶡļ¹ء
ûпսҪǮûǮҪûļ±ں֮ڣ֮£ֻһ̣ӪءҪǲͶҽҲһϣһʼջǷˮʦһ飬ҪǵѲ󽢿Ϊһн죿ʱ򣬾ɵ˵ˡ
Ŀһⷬ˵¡ҪǴɡ˵һһֱǻϵѹ
ȵ˵֮꣬ھһƬһŲ豭ĿűðжٱӪȻӪһЩսҲʮӪˮʦ⵹ãһ¾ҪҪǣˮʦһܻر˰æҲҪЩ潻ָܺЩϵͷǲֻиûлر
Ϊ˿˳Σ֣ڳʵĻҪԾȣôҲƲڶϳ֮ʱͿ֣ȡơû뵽ڣ½ʦôӲҲˮʦˣҲֻҪͶ
Ŷ
һ˵еסˣˣŶУźЩصصĿ飬ֲò£֣㻹Ƿҵһ飡
˵ֻļˡһһۣȻƣû˵ˮʦһӵĻᣬԿҲҪġҪȻôһ᣿
ͷʾ£֣齻飬¹鹫¡Щѹҿգһ֮Ҫʣ޳͢ӼûΪס˵󻰣ϳʵ½ʦҲһĵط룬Եô͢Եô
ȵǻشһѾȻȻˣˮʦſڣ俪ڣȴܲΪĲʲô壬ΪⳡĹսΪǰסôһ㺣ӣҽˣӪҸӪǹڴãӵװãȫԱˣˮʦؼȥ
ȻվɫһҾ֣ҵĳ˹Ȼûˣˮʦ޿ɱֻ
֮⣬ˮʦԱҲ׷һѩ̿
һҲˣĵΪ˹£Ϊ˽飬ҾͲˡУӪܶŽƣֻҪܴڶǣӪԶҰսֻǻرӦ㣬Ӫʹߣ
ӪټԼŵĸٽơȻȻͻˮʦγһɥʧ֮󣬾Ǽ󺣿ڵ֮ΪӪͳ죬ˮʦˣûλĻ᣿һλˣˮʦǴпձô
ת˲֮䣬һԺѾת㡣ӪγˣһӪΪɣټϵڶЩԤĸӪôļǿԼӦδûס󺣿ڵĻᣡ
һЦ֣ڶŴӦˡͳ죬ֻˮʦЭػأȥҰսġԼĽ죬ŲôǲطӾˡֻǵһ
ô
ϸΪĵЦݣšѾԶŻˡ
ѵΣı䲻˵սôһ͵վ𣺡֣ǺαءǸһĻᣡѵ㻹ΪˮʦںϾʤĻô
һ仰ĵʳˮʦٶһۣɫҵˮʦ״˭ʮ겻һһڣۿ޵һĺưܡʹãþ״ѩϼ˪ȥˮʦѵҲϡսһˮ˭ûĿսʤ
ʵʷϣԶܼݶ¾Өо¶սֻ֮Ȩձս϶࣬йֻбս󼰸ʡ޲Ҵ粣
¹ٱ֪ʱƣǰսս
ԼѾ˵һõλᣬһ˳뿪սĽڡȻҪϽ
һһЦû㹶ȫµӣƵǺôֵѧӢʽĺʯ뺣ԭ򣬺Ǽбսټ֣ѾοƽֵҲиµģӣŮʱ򣬾дӦˡ
һɫһҲƽʵʣԼʲôȰģҲ򻰣ŵ־ͳլߡһ
һԺӣžǻǶŶһһ˽һȻһҷɣ诸ǵҰһ˽ǳ棡
һָǣֵܵļҾ죬ֵܻûкӣֵĺӣֵܵĺˣ㾡ܷģ
˼Ҿ죬ͱӵĽ顣֪һ˼ȻͼŮŮӺγȳ棬ҵȻ֪һһ֮Ȼ֮ȴǲԾҲֻĿǡ
֮󣬵һЦ͵˵ҴˡֵܻʲôҰȫûˣֵ֣ܰȥɣ룬㾫񣡡
һҲЦ㾡ܷȥŲµĺֻҪһһգ͸ؽ
˶һۣͬЦ֪ΪʲôЦͲ˵һھãԼļ磡ԼУţŬţܶţ˼ǹ˰ļ磡Ѿʷʱ
ЦһҾŴְżˣֵܸǡƽ󣬾ġֵ֣Ͽ㣡ɽҪһӢʰ
԰գתš
һ뿪Ӵ˾ġ
һĬȻΣתͷѾû˺Ů뿪飬׼ɴˡ
ǿһЦ˵飬治;ãŮϲȥߣ
˵תͷŶžͳʩʰҵģҿǴ󷿣ͶߣӦǣ
Ҳó˴󷿵֮žͳʩ汻סˣԹԵľתȥʰֻǲסͷеһᶼˣǿš
һЦһһ£Ŷɱˣ

ʮƺֱʣƻĺ棬һƬԡ
ձϽӣʵУӸɽêêӣʼ£֮תֱʻפĺϲҪᵺ棡


ڶʮ ս
Ԫһ˾ʮգᵺ档
ΪӦվפɽϽӳϵľ棬ȻҲ䶯򻴾ǾսµĴ徫񣬴ҲеȻںΧһţ˴
ѾػƺŻ֮ء˳غƺȨҲµıƵжԲʹȻڳ£ĵľվϽӵĺƣӺת˱ǵҪϡ¸ָҲǣֱʴɽɻԪɽȴҪʹվý·ֻڸɽһֻҪܲӴ̸нء
²æô̸е¶Ҫã
͢ҲǾãȻȻɡҲһٵָʾ뾡ڻҪװõӣԴ֮ģݱػҲӦ˵ǱǵĹʶСձôʹûǻʲôģɺӣóԷһףʧʵôҲҪ̸У
ڵ۵¿ǵģ治ձսͼʲôûһܲıʽսо붨ȫ̵ľ档ȥΪľȡ±Ȩ
ڴ˵ʵڵġŮ˶ԹȨıĲٿƽȨǱˮ׼֮ϵġʴƵļʶֻ˵һͳֲ̫̫پ棬־С۸̫ձСӵҪʲô̫̫ҲֻץϹڵ۵֧£һ켸ּȥ̫̫ҲֻƷɫ
ܵ۵뷨ʲô죬֮ҪɳȥסҪصġ»ǷһͣƣãݱػҪȱ֮ж
ŤŤ֮£ڷֳʿӪڻʴɽ󱦹ӪڻԪɽһסڣҶ־ȵϵذһĺ֮ءΣǶˡ
һͺáǸӪ㣬ÿӪ٣ѾԼ׳ʮˣǶӪͷʮ˶㣡ӸӪ˻ȱĶٳʽ꣬ս㣬ڶӸӪȱӱĳ䡣
أǰĿʱ㣬֪ҲòǱˣҪ֪ôԶսأͬսʮɷãսػʳȫɹټҹӦβӣʳѣѣʱѣȫ÷¡
оװӵҪ䣬Ҫ䣬Ҫ䡭ֱûвҪĵط
籱ҲֻòǽǽĳＯԱȲö֧ŻƺڼϳʣҲǲסˮʦѾˣΪ˻òֳͲѲ촬ڻִ̾˳̨ȸͨᵺĺϽͨҪһʲʡ˷ᵺʴɽСۿڳ뺺ǲżʮ·ɼʴɽսԵλҪҲɼᵺϲߵҪ
ʮ죬ʵʷϷһ㡣ǰһҹԶҡԶѲս͡ʡɾ֣˰˰ʮԱһһʮ䵯ҩϰΪͷͬԶľѲսڱϣߴͬڣȻٷ˳Զҡͨᵺغ˳Ӧٽ˱
ϣһԱ洬ͶЩԱԼ1100ˣҲļǴͨӪʤǰӪµıֱױǰӪһھ񣡱ˮӪҲЯʽ緢ˮ׶׼Ҫʱʴɽһڡ۴ĸǶȣ·ѾƴյսؾͿõĻ
˵洬ģʮŵ¹½ڣ֧ëɪǹ䵯ҩжʮˡ˵ǶϳʻҪһβӼã

Ӣġ߲Ѿںƽϣ࣬ȫĵһγٱҲǰᵺӭǵġԶź͡ҡţ֪ǻƮһ
ڸ߲棬ԼһںƽԶʣǡٽڸ
ӷᵺ浽ɽתжصأһӵĹΧһƬƽô˵ҪĻж
Զ޾棬ιܴǫķԶͷڵ亹üһźθĲʹǳأӣ˳˳ˮɡȥó񣡡
ߵĶ˾ΰٲҲһЦǴ˵ĸ֣ȥԺ󣬶Ŷͣ
ǫЦЩƽյڽ浽˽ҪͷˡЩطļһ㣡ǼһʲôŻҪȥһҲ˵ʱ򣬿˭ù
ͷ˾仰ɲýӣٲֻдԶһĳšǫʱѾ˫ֱȳ״Ե½ͨվλˮ󺰣Ļʲô֪ͨ¯ѹˣǻؼңתͷֳűҴźţ
ĺδ䣬ٲǱȴĿڣ󡭡ˣƣϺ棡б̴
ǫһܵϱȥˣ
ԶϺȥͿ֮䣬ᵭ̴߸ƮʣɼĴյʿ߻ϺðúͱˮʦԼպã̵Ŀúһ
ǫѾֱ³ʲô̴ְİú˱ûбңҿЩ̴ƮĽǶȣʮϵĺ٣Ｒۣ
ӣԸ˵ı
ֻǺܶʱ䣬ԶѾ˽ӰΦ֮ϣƮձպ죡
ǡҰǡҰٲձʽӢѲ󽢲ǱˮʦģҪӶŲϷүȥˣ˵ҵľ졣ˮʦ٣˭ϵӰ
ˣ׼սòƣٲԶеԼĹܴȴַǫԶָѾףɫ׵͸

㿴ǿô
ʮһϽӵһλ˾ƽٽĽӲıʮĸҵξ
Ͻӱϣ󽢶ݻٱ󽢶ƳʺδսϽӾҪô岻ڴݻٱˮʦսȨУʲôʷʲô壬ձ˵һ⡣
һεĿѲ󽢣ͱϽӱɳжϱˮʦٲڷᵺ棬ڻ˲һνӵǣǵǰСĻֶ飬ԷͨУĻŽء
бˮʦǿĻ֧ڣҪϹʵҲҪסȴϽӱӸ
ʱƽ£СҰ١ޡѲ󽢡ǵߵУˡԶ͡ҡˮʦս
Ϲٵʻҵξҧݣ۾պˡձʮнÿʼ͢ʮԪձԱÿٷ֮ʮнˮ躣ǵһ죿
ǿֻͨսжϡ֮ҲҪ٣Ⱥ
ƽһֻ֣ڿͣ˰Σػ£׼սһȽЧ̣ɺӣȫ
һĴԽֻüǰ쿪ʼ

ʮ죬һڴͬڣָӽʿڴͬڲˮףվ̲ĵطأϰҰ÷½ء
һѾǺɫıʶɫľ٣ӵһڵͼָָ㡣һСľ棬صĸʽˮͶŽСɽͷȫھ򺾹ĹٱԴӪڱˮʦĻװߣһԱһļҾɢ֮ˮͨ·ͱԼˣ
һ경ڱˮǹϣټӪͬڡƽ࣬Ӧǰȫˡ滹ҪҲҪƽҪԤӡ
ŵͼͷô㶼Ǹ
ȺУп״Ϊ׵ĵ־¹šݣǵ¹ɳĹٷʣԲ뿪Ҳû뿪ھ˶˵̾Ǽҳ㷹Ǳ¹ܲθϳôã̵ζˡ˵֧͸ǵѪô÷֣һ˸߼ۣڹʶԣսʱǣЩԤѧٽоɽĸʽ̹٣ߵҲûмеðճԵģ׼һ߲ӵлͷΣء
ﱧԹվȺеһֻǵһЦӪˮʦ˲ûбԹһ㵱濹ˡԭսƽŵƵо
սΣðЦʲôıƲߣ׶Ūգ棬׵İ취ǳıõѵ㹻ʣԵγơҪͷǧˣлӪǧսĽһٱеǸʲô
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֮⣬ٱڻںǵս¶õúܡֻ½·ˣڲ˾ʹձ໴ء
һ̯̯֣Դӵ뿪֮Եóࣺ֪Щս䶯֣ܲεΣֻҪ԰ܣƽزˣɱվ
ߺģ˵ɡ
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״ôˣ˵ΨһģսģҲֻЩ³ʿӶѣһ˵ĽsosoЩнˮ³ʿʵɲܲӡ
״ĵһЦ콫ȻսʱǳƺΪУɡķ̬ƣѡض޿ޡЩҶͬȥֵؿˣǷͬڵģƽġλüãĹҲ̣˿ףھϵĺľϵĻǹ㣬ӵ¹ϰǷصķʽҾöֵŷǿ½ѧϰ
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һĬȻãֻǵһЦ״УڳʣҲǾ̣Ҫģڴ̡лıԺһУҶעġ
״ֵעһ̾Ƕ˵˼һľ˱ȽڰΪˣĵȡʤǵݽ𣬻ָŸµĿأ
һֻЦЦ״ʾ⣬ⳡս£˵ҲǴΰͼ䶯ôӵ飬ôָһף
ԼҲǣһսµУҪôࡣһҪ龫ǽӪ顭Ҳĵ·ܰһ˵ǻ۱ȫƳһϲСʱɴûôôԶĻõ˵
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糱ӿǳһƬߣ౱һƬУ˭Ҳ֪ƽδչ

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Сձ̫ãǴɣ
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СձĺΪǻָǴſ£ǵҪʲô
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Ҫǣڴ˵ѾͨԺΪ˽ıձͼҲһ֪˭Ҳ˵ձθڵʲôǵĲʲôֻ֪ձĽѾڳʺձڳǧձ¹ݣ籨
ȭͷ棬ûй֧ţͷεҪ
ıһƽʱеģҵ˵ǿ档һϮֽ֪ģңκνǶȣûнһϵ˵Ļս׼
壬ȫûмйнս
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ʿҡͷã򲻵ð
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üëһֻͦǿʿҲƿԵĿʿ澲ĵġ
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һǮˣ˵ӵ֯ĵĶԱиϵӦˡ
йŵĹϵϽңԴתΪսĲ࣬ôʿҲǶԼʵڵȴǿ̫ˡ
ǳ̬͢ȣȴǿӲ֡
ǻϵ̬ǿӲ̫̬ǿӲ˵ڵȨʿȴޱȣҲа취
ã̸аɡó棬סǱλͺá̫ʵҲڼһ糱Ϊеġ̣ӮǶֻн棡
»δ𻰣ǩѺſһձҪأѵǽóٶձſڰҪ˵ˣϷүҲȥձǵΣҪ趫Ǵ½ö٣̣ձѾıѾãнʮꡣãֻӦս
ҵĿתȥͿūһϮվſڣлһֽͷ̷ͬĴʱ
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ôӦԣʲô߼ں·ϾʾѾӵԸӣ˽סձ֮⣬ʲô취Ҳֻ踺أ
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ٲûֻظ죬Ҫս˰ͷɽıʷ飬ǲǺ˼


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ҵĹˣۿҪȵסǴӱ˷ڳ۽ѵ޷ǾҪȵԽҵѾ˥΢Ѽȥǧһֱǣѧϰǵڶ¶ݣ
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Ҳ˽ʽֻǴŻЩϰߣյĲٵҲǻʽġظһͦø߸ߵģ⺷ϢһҲñˡǰѾǽֱݱıͳһѾһǰ̣ҲΨһһμ˽ıͼϸ˾ݵıͳ٣ӦǶǰľ֮һˡ
ӳϦͷӣһ±ΪһĸϵЧ˼ֻиС
ͳ̸ϻǰ쾯䲿ӣסⷽʵʱɿṩȫս鱨Ҫ֪ǵȷ棡ӦǱվƣҲʹչ;ʳ·ݣƻľƻվ޴ݣվʱҪǵɧšûУ
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꣡꣡
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Թ㵺ʦŵھΪɽǲ֧ӣǧʿʮҰսɽں㹻ҰսС
ڷᵺսǰһ죬Ҳձսǰ죬֧ѾӵӪӸɽÿЯһʮӵһϰףɽһʿɾǧȥ;ʣϢǿо̬ǰȥˣȫ͵ǹѱ֤жܡ
ձһ˾Ѿڴ֧뿪ɽʱ򣬵ʦಿѾϽӵڻܽӷձһʦź͵ڶʦҪĿ껹Ƿ
Ͻڳս֮⣬һǾʴͨǵĵ·׶ϾǻĺϲҪʴôʴǰɽʿɾһƹϰ
֧ӣΪսµ½ȷ棬Ѿ¶ľģٶȻʿ庺ǻϿ͵ɽӼõ©׵Ľءһಿִ︪ɽ֮ϣںһ𻴾
һ죬󷽵ϢѾ׷ձ۹ѾսһѾٵִ︪ɽɽش󽫾͵һ˾ְλѾڸɽ죬ҪȴģǴ֧ӵĺϢ
ȫսگ֮ӭľǿȵĺ
ȭͷ߸ߵľͷϣ͵򱱶ָǰʮǳɻʮɽʮʴڿ纣֮İǱǰ

װְ֣Сձ˰ָǴıսҲȷû·ˣ
ڣվñֱȫĳĴ´ʡɫպ࣬׵ɫȴų죬üվסڴǰ߶
ӶԣЩӾȻǰδеü
һĳ֣ڳʵķ糱ӿɶһӡ̫̫ڳڵľƣձս˵޲ߡӿսڵ۵£Ҳ˴ŶսûһȨ
Ϊйʵɣ֮һµıøǰ棬ֻҪսһĵҲʵ΢е㲻ԣѰĴԼĴ󳼽һֵıʵЩӣ涼ҪЦѣ
ɫȴѿŷִ󼸸̫࣬Ӣײҷһԡ
ձԴսգʹȫ䣬ϷүѵСձ۸ˣ廹ô
ЩԽȫſڵϣͷ̧ĸӼĻˮܲ˾ͲҪˣҲպҲգҲû̫ĹϵأҪ򻹲ͷ˵ˡСձܰѴôˣ⳯õȨʵʵڵĹϵǵء
֮󣬴ô˵Ҫˣ
˫ĿŹ⣬Ϸү£ΪòˡҪСձô۸ŻûжСձϷүٻ߳ͣ廹ڵ֮䣿ڳҰһ£һ֣򣡡
һҲãûˡҲģССձҧһڣٶ̤ʵҲûطȥҪģձսˣ廹ܲôҪ˵λþΣŹǸӣ̫̫Ǿò
ǺáܴӮô
һʱͱ̵ͬĻǴձʮ˿ʮҲʮСձôǶ֣
ֺһСձ˶ٱ˶ãܵٱܳãôôӭϣҲ˵
¹סˣߵ£ֻľǴձСһٸеоʮŸΪսô򶼱ʤ˭Ҳûǵıôģڵôһ棬Ҫ̵Ļóãôá
ߣûһһıȫ̳ﻮҲµ¶ôش𣬹룬Ҳֻкش𣺡ϷүʿˣõҲ˳ֶضеˣ˵Сձ̫ǶᾡõϷүй
عŵĴ󳼣ЩӿĶǵӣͻȻķ꣬ĺȥְɣǹˣնòģТ˳úܣ
һ仰˵ùͨһֱͦͦĴǶ˵
һ֣ȥɣսãȥ֣ʱҪʰ̯ӾͳɣϣҾһ仰̲ноͳɣ㻹Ǻúöĺһ£ҲҪһģ

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սµĵӣһ¾ȫѹļ棡
˭֪йĳʮһΪ֮ձսսڱйͳʣµĵ̣
ʱ֮£ӦսѾɵáһӦսʲôʧһҵ͸ˮзս֮ѾȫµǴκôϷҶŵǷôһǿССձƣʧܲã
ձսϢһϾͻ򣬵籨ѩƬһ㷢ڰطһĳõȥ֮ػǳʣһĵķҶ־ֻʤֻסʾ棬ʧܣҪʲôԮƴͳϵҲҪ͵һʧܣ̨֮ǰаտҶ־Դ
һæǲ֪ȰףͷǵľʿáǱߴ͢ϢϴŴ˴ѵҪսˡҰ糱ǷҪӦսɣ˲ˡ˵վҪս
̧ͷһͿʿҲȦںڵģ˷·һȦһĵ㲵÷·ʱܵ¡
ͷһůһҲ˲ٿ࣬龫ǵĳﻮ˵ڳʲ㱻һʰˣ
һͷ£ʵ飬һһǾôҲҪһæµķΧڼȻϼˣͲܵ£Ҫų棬һʾǾͱ¶սûаգôϾҪѩƬһ㣡
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Ʈҡǧٿ׵Ĵ壬ʵڴһսָģʮıӵܣܼѪϣΪú
ůĿ⣬ʿۿһȣǿסˣǳŵãƣǲһƽȥһһ
֣Сֻưɣ㣿Ҷ࣬̾뱣סԼȨλԴ͵²Ƕ޶ˡ
˵䣬ͿһĻżҴҵ˽ϲɫºʿеĵ籨ĵããҶż磬ɽݣɽݣ
¡һȴƵϵ̨һʱ䣬ɫ԰ף۾澹Ȼ


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Ԫһ˾¶ʮգӳʴɽϢҶ־ҶŵĲָ£ʿȫӪӳɻɽǹ֣ػ򣬴վվν󵺲ѾɾݳƱʮԱձöˡʿɾҲԱΪҩĹ󣬶ԱҪ٣վֻʶˣɽǰ·ǣʱϳʴ
Ҷ־ĵĻԺƣһսվƵӣ
˵һڻڣ¸ʿسƻãʿɾϸھġҶ־˳֮ҲɳƵ볯͢ٱԹʿġ
ֱֵüۣŴӴõ˿սɣ㷣¾֮£ʮδڣ֪ʤΡҶ־ݱһʱľ˶棬ʿɲӪͻվ򣬾ۿۣҲ൱ʤȻˣǧڳض࣡
ȻܱסȻǣڳʲܴʲôֻԵ۵кôݽݱһϣ۵սһ㡣ͣʿʵֱᶽξΣعԱͣʿٿҶ־ͳϽչ֮ͷƷۻᣬӼ¼Ρָȷʣ֮󶨰͡
ͬʱҲ£μѣҪȷ½ʦõԴԴӼãѷսݡ
ǣжһķԸ²øһµûĹ˼ɣһ븺𱣻Ҷ־·ΣŴͬڣת˲ʡᵺս֮󣬾Ҳ֪ˮʦ޷ֱµʴݵҲڱµıƵеļƻˮʦѳڻ·ֱִͬڣ½ת˵Ҷ־ºһЭľ岹ƻǲܺһԹ£ɲӸùܵ¶
磬ڼ̫쵻棬Ĭ鱣ӡ䣬گ£磬ڷΪƣΪ֮йڷϵƣ۹Խ𣬲òӭսձս״̬

žһһ͢תĵӵ档ԴǴλƲɣίһΪʱ·ղ֮ΪòѾ籨ƽ˼˵Ժ͢ʲô䶯һ͸֪һĽһҪԼֵ̫ݡ
Գ͢ĵͣһҲһʱ乧ˡ
شݵ͵ģҲһЦ
սɻսɽʴһ·򱱣⻹ʤ̣Ҳǳ꣬ô
һԼǵʷҶ־Ϊʤ鱨ɽݡȻǸʱʷǵе߰˰ˣ̫Ҷ־սһ֪ԣдʤ̣ɽʴҪأɽʴѾտأʴʧȥĻǵǧָֻһǣˣ
Ҳݵͣȥƿǿģ͵һЦ͢ˣҲͻͶսǻ˵ʲôãԸЩ͢ͱ£ҲֻʣЩİˣıƣʣʲô
һصһӣս֮;Լǰࡣ޴ľѹ˷ܣڱֻƶǰ࣬ľ붼ƽʱԶһЩʡˡ
ȫأߵȼ䱸УʶѾλչսҲѾչڲӳͲı˵ʣµҲǵȴѡ
ԳβıĽҲһĥ
ôһ˵һҲʧһЦЩӺұеԸһӢ۵ģԻɸǾһô
İƣ͢ˣʲô˵Ϊղĳ͢سһܲΨȻֻСȷ·ת֮𡭡ֻôһ¸ɣ͢û˵Һ˭˭˭ǻµϴ󣿡
һ˵̲סЦµأϧ۵᲻ðƵ»µɴͿ壬žٹһձûһӦսƻǰΪʤһŽӮΣ
һĵˣⲻôã͢ãôԵóˣҽܷ֮ʱ棬ȫǵˣ
һվĿųôδ㣬˭ϣƬϵˣó塭ǲˡҲ
Ѿ·һһֵڳ⼷۾ҲԶ˥΢ʱĩĺܣֻӦ˶𣡲ΪһȨλĳ裬Ҫݣ
һİƣصϣһֽԵûĵͻһ˵ϡ
ﾲƺڷֱһ⻰ﵽжĳ⣬ǵһЦҲ׷˵ģΪô
һֻĺ۵СۣһתͷŰɣ󻴾ֶЦңǾҪʼǵձӴ̵ʹ̵

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ľȴϱ͢ĵֹԵսȻ
Ժ⣬˽ŲңԺ棬Ѿдɴɵĺһݷݵ嶼ʼգվڵʢȻҲҶվñֱżĿ⽻ᣬǾ̵ɫ
ԺżһŮӵĿȻǴֱĺ
Ҷ־װվǰױնͦȣ֣ɫľȻĿǰһУԺӵƺûƵġ
һױٴ󲽵ߵҶ־ǰһǧȥˣԯԱ߰˸˶ѳӶˣ˵СǣҲҪ볷˵Ķ顭
Ҷ־ɫĵеŮĶϳȥԯ
ױһ㶣ˣİʦү
Ҷ־͵һȣˣ
Ҷ־ðˣױٲҶ˵ȥʱ׷ھصĲҽԯͶ˼ͷʬ壬ת۾ͱʰߣֻµϺѪ
Ҷ־Ҳҽеֻ﷢
ɽûлʤƽҲûС
ʿɱܣ
˭֪ʿѾʿƴֿǹֵ굱йʿսʿӪҲ֪פ½ʦΪһҪȻҲɵɽ⴦Ҫأųɻɽٵʴڻˮ·ǵҪֻҪסˮʦͿõϣ硣
ˮʦڷᵺ⺣ʧϾžʿɱܣɢǧֻ࣬ʣһǧбտصʴ£ȫ䣡
νվ࣬ԣʿɵĽУֻǿ̾վðŵֻ꣬һǰĳҲܶʹõ÷԰У·˶Ǿѡѡ֮ʿͻˮ׼ԣʿɵĲѾǿͣǰһǱˣ
ƣֻˣ
Ҷ־ѾεĺΪʲôҪʣҪλáڸǰ棬ָý湶ֲ棬ƫƫգֶձսˣ
û֮ʣͿĸһװѥ˽ɫһ񣺡˧ʢѾϣʱȥʿɺ󱦹ҲѾǻˣںǡ
Ҷ־ĵ棬ûгܵӰӣ
ҡͷְغ棬һжƽûзܵ̽ǵҲԶ˶ʮһж
ĻҶ־һڴδͿһԱĳ˽Ƕغ󱦹Ѿ˵ʿɡ
󱦹㣬Ƿģ˧ʲôȫڽڵֿűסǣУҪ÷ԮΪʲô˵ɽʤˣ
ͣ͢Ҷ־ת˳ʻ򣬹ٳĹأϲ¡󱦹ʦҶ־һ뷢Ƿ
͢ҲΪڳǧӵ밡͢ѾҪҪܼ߰˹ʿ˵ҲóѲΪֻæڹڳٲɱˮʦڻӸʵģûʣǻʲộ·Ͼмоǹֻ˵òŻԴԴϵĽӼǡ͢˵ǲ
󱦹Ŵȭͷ֪˵ʲôźá¶˺·Ҷ־˵ҲûеΪһϵĽ죬Ҳڹٳô꣬Ҷ־ı˭ܲף
ˮʦڻͣһ·ݱҲʱסĶӡȵȫõʱҲǷˣôҲɻءǣôأ󱦹󣬼ʿɵİܾҲǧˣʴ֣ҪҶ־֧ţ󱦹ɰˣ
󱦹ֻгһڴţҲصʱѾվ֣̽ģڻһ֧ǧ˴󲿶ӣѯĳʰգǻŵĴڣǧˣǧˣѾԺγ˺Χ̬ƣδʾ¡ǲֻиܣ͢ҲĲǣ
Ҷ־üëһ˧뺺ǹ͢Ҫ񼯱Թ̺ǣıȽϵرҵʢϺ񣬳ȥҰսипܱסҪôǳ֮£һί
󱦹ҿҶ־ԯŵĲֻʾ󣬻û˵Ҷ־Ѿ֣ƻѾϱúͳ͢õɣ͢Ǿ㻹Υô
󱦹һ̾ǧ
Ҷ־չһЦοģȥٶ飬ͷͺʹһ·վսұϽʢȥʲôʣ
󱦹ֻǵ˵ͷȭʹ˳ȥţȴҶ־ס
Ͱǵļ飬ҹһװֻеֱƽ￿Ŵͬڣˮʦǰﺣ£ﻹҹǾͿϴعܲ˳һֻҪܰһǧʢȥٳĸ󻼡Ҳˡǣ
ɫ࣬ȴǲסͷ͢͹ͤǡ
죡Լ˲ˣôࣿձֲǴһӵ飬ԼҪ
߳ԯ֮󱦹ֻͷŲԻɫգã³һйԯغԼһױԸȥʴͤţӵҶʲôӪߣڻ˹ȥƽ
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ţ
ýҼʮ꣬ʱΪһˡСձܣ
š壡Һһ
󱦹һͷϣԼȥһɣѾ˼ʮãûˣܻţƤٵ

ʣԭԭݸ
ͰĳʸۡʱѾ˸߸Ʈġ
ССĸǣֻһֵʱֵнֻдӴӵվҷձͭɽҰܣ¡¡ڽͷڵӾٵʿߵͷ󺹣˿ûͣںڵĶ飬ӳǵͷһֱ쵽ͷûֹ·
ԭݳǣ·ֻʣǡŰɫ·ĳʰգֻҪûѵģѾе˼Уſڶ䡣
ɽ󽫣ҲһװվڳһߵϣԶ򱱷ǱͼҵĲı٣ʱдﾭرıǾͼддʱ鱨עȥ
վж˿ûе顣ǰʦಿԵʮΪ˷֧ӣٲڻɽ֮⣬Ѿս׼žǵһ˾ɽ󽫴˾½˿ûͣʹʴ㣬رʳֻ֧Ųԭݣԭһߣֱ˺ͶڳҺʿѾɽսĴ֧ս
󣬻иվԴԴ½ձʽսձʽս˿ûӰǵĽŲһжѼƻãֻȡʤ
һıӵ鱨ɽر£ͷѾӷӴƽһߣ½Եֿ֮Ѿ򺺳ˣݲ½󱦹󲿡ͷѾƽռأȴ
ɽûдҲԼŸʿٿһǹֻһľоһ·󽫵Ҳоһһܸ㵽ʳеҩվ£ԼоٶȲǰôѵ·ֶ̣̫ɽȴĽһҲʮˡһЦ˵ĸ԰֧ǾӲһӿоٶȣҪʱڣ˸ǣУ˳ɨƽڳ֧Ǿӣ
ǣѾʵ֤Ҵձ۹½Ķ֣


ʮ £
ʮѮһֱѮʱ֮ڡ
һݷݵĵͷֱɽϸغʡݳˮʦʡЭñÿһݵͶǻͻʹگССձѨ֮һɨֹۡ۵֣Ұƿ
ʱĩʶ֮ʿڿѰҳ·˼糤һǧδ֮кƺƱ
ǧ΢ʴ壬ϵǰѾ֤˲ʺʱžǿ˶ʮĲҵӪҲ¶˾ȵ״̬˾ãƺҲȲҡ
һƬ͸굱УѾССΪҪңܲľִ治۵Ҳֻڵ¸ռҪȨΪϽȨ𣬴δûˢµĻᡣǰģ³ʿձֳɵôйûһĹǣΪʳ΢ĹɢġҲȨϣһ·
ھѾԣڶ棬ǳܣҲһ΢ȨŮ˶ѣҪжôսԸ֣Ҫĸ浶ǹѪšҲֻһ
ʥѾĵߵ̨ǰһֹ۵ĵ֪ͣûеʥľ֮ľٴ룬֧һս£һУôܲЩĹµ˻Ϊʹһʥƶ棬вʤ֮ƣ
ձֻСʥǹע˵Ĵƣ
⣬۵һƬ
Ȼڹһϵе֮£ӦҲϵĲ⡣Ȼص磬˵ĴϱˮʦսʵΪʦɻ֮Ч͢һҪʦ뱱ɴӦϡ
ˣʡԴΪڴʡ迪֧ƺ֣ЩӱӦñȥˮһĻ˳ȥԴΪڣ˵ʡأЭñ󣬶ҲںǵСǮ׷Ҫ
ĴʡҪﺣ֧ٶʵе㿪Цˡ
͵۵Ҳ⣬ڳƴȨļСսʤˣλȹ̣죬һʰЩĶʵѾǰ棬ΪԼƣܲսڳҲһƬݱվѼȻȻڽڽڽƣҲǻعⷵգȴܳ־áսɽսǣڽɱվǰϻԱվϽڡƼȻһƬãʲôõǵģ
һߵͰй¶˲ͷм۵ӣ˵ôԽԽϱˣȻ˴ʤӦͤɨѨڸɽվºġΪʲôҪˣһ²еĹ鶼ˣ⼸СĹٶְĶְŵţһر𲻿۵ģΪƣһ̰У
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ĩѾܾûˣž̨̨ʵҲȥӾǧԺһͿԿʱ࿿ƽ壬˾һȻ𾪣һȺƿĵ۵ûʱüͷ˶һ·˵£ﶼӮֲǵĹ۵ЩһȨˣǸеܡ۵ȴڴˣѵõĿʱ⡭

ͬߣԪһ˾³
ϲѾһƬ̣ͬ⴦ƺǴյİС˾ľʺʿеĹũ˻乤Ƕԣ˭ҲҼ飬˵ѾһˡֻǱͶ׿ѣǲ֪ϱ߽Ŷôҵһս¡
ѣҵӣձ˲ǻûôҶ֪ںǵϹүѾˣ̼ڿɱ񶼲֪ǰֶǿɶʶԴҲܱסƬطҪ򣬶Ա֧ʣʰյӻԾֻ֧֣ҪܲѣǺ£
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ʱգͬˮǣһɺƺƱļơȥʱ򽭱߻ǱеıʬףˮȾ졣ʱѾȫʱһۼ£ֻˮɽ̡˻Ȼˣ⣬Ѫ·
һڽߴЩʹ̫Ҳŵ̫ˡǵҲһҽѧרƣȰɢɢ̫ˡ»ȫͣзսԱѾɢ̨εĴܼҲеúܡÿ磬һ㽫һ¡һҲ޿޲ɵĴˣ͵񣬵ʱ֪ԼҪŶãץʱϢһ£ҲΪ߸Զ·
һ󽭷紵һЩֻ÷Ƶػһ
ԼͬôңԶڱĵ֪ԼԨǻŲ˼ҲǾòˬ
˰涪˰ԼǧһСܽԼҴôңһϴõ⣬Ȼ֪ѽ
һ³һصϢͷҲصĿŵͣˣôˣǷŲ£
һЦ뿴Ҳÿǻٻ磬͵ý𣬻ô˵ѾôˣҸоáûƼͣͲҶ־ˣںΧҪȫʧҶ־ѾʢԶԶںԱٶĵطųҪΪغǵ󱦹Ϊ󾢡Ĺǳ͢ţձʱ˲Ҫ˺ǣҪСҺ޵ľҶ־ܣľҪܣҲϰӾТ㲻ƹĵӶûУӾТں׼¾Ȱɣٵȼ죬ʲôסʱͿЩ˵ɣ
Ǳһ˵Щ˵ˣҲֻһЦˣָʵɡ¾벻ףʥϡʥɱµҲˣʲôôҲҶ־ɱΣ
һйѾ˺ܶࡣԴȨλԽԽ֮Ҳʧ̬ʱʱٻûп֮ǰָıɫҲǰֵıɫ
áѾû·ˡôܿҶ־ĴԣһʼɱΣҲˡھӣ۵ΪжֻҪˣʱͿֻܱȨƣǰԵУҲֻгšسÿడ
һɫįڴСҲһѿеľˣôһǰϴһľͷӣȻһͬվŽˮ¼Ȼ˲ãֻгȥܴҶ־ĻԣӴӼõȣ˵ҵֻͨЧҶ־ˡҪϱˮʦȷ˳̨ȻأҾصĴͬڵˮ·ڻˡˮʦҪʱ򣬾һ䰡
Ǵţһֻ³̲סվˣȵô
һһЦѾ׼ôãٴҲôһѰɣʱҪ𾪣ҪҲɢ˵ҲǴ󻰣ҪˣʱƣƺƱǴҲףʥϣҲסɣҲзǵÿ·Ͼʱٴֻѡأ壬ֻⱼʱУѡأ
治治УֻǷĻǲ֪Ϊʲôͷȡ
ߣû˵˼ֻнˮڱ
һǰһıһʱսʱϵֶ˼ݣӵһȦһȦģŵĶǹҲԶԶľʹһˡˣ˼磡
һЦһԼ񣬲֪ΪʲôȴЦġ߹ȥѾ˫ֽķϣžֱͦߡСҲһҪ²ӣ˵ģôûѪЩүǶǺͿƴӣҲһ
һȻľܾҪǳϢˣֱһˣŲҪһ
µĵȻϣȣ˵ˮʦǰڻͬںϲͨ·һṩ㣬ЭʱԱҶ־Ȼ뾡תһЩǵѾ˼ֻҪһЭǱųһ˵ùȥĳ棬ǰһʹҽĳ˱Ա֮
μҵĻҲˡ
͵ۿȥһɫȴֻʣ˲
һǵľѾ߸ߴڿзŲ䡣
ˮʦˡһĻԣµĵλĲбꡭҪƵսѶıˮʦ˶ףҲúܣڵıˮʦʵֻΪڽ壬ֻҪǻһ죬վͲҴٹĻȺȺ䣬ֱŻ󿪣վſķʽⳡս£Ҳⳡսʱձμұμң֪ս¿ʼΪ˽ĳɹ
ǾΪζΪųĻԣν桭ΨһеսƲ
һһ˭Ҳûȫ˵ʲôÿﶼΪһɫóġ
磬磬󶫹󶫹ÿʷйˣֻҪһѪԣֳͷ·һй˵ľ˲һ룡
Լ䣡
ǰ·ѾǴͬľɫˣɫĲΣŽװεĸףŻľڣȫڲֿԶ
Щ̫صĶһĺķ̫΢ԶҲı䡣Ҳ죬ҪЩӡй˵Ѫÿһԣ棡
һһʰԼȥﴫҵʱͬˮףһõжط̬Ʋ䡭ģˮʦһҪһ
һͻȻ쭣ֱֱֻվšһһۣߣŸʲô
žһ˻һݱ棬Ҫˣ˵ʿಿѾҽϣǾƽϲѾҾϣҪʾ˰취
һһϾһţģôں˵

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Ϊѽǰϳм䣬ȻǶģҲûԸչеձ͵͵һԼǰֱ˾ͷϳѾʰֱ࣬Ƕ˫ַϥ棬°Ҳεøɸɾһϵ̹ȻӣĿͶͷ΢Цһ¡
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˶һµһǧȥչױʶнæҲæҵĸ˹
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תۿչףЦãûдģŴԮֵ֣Ǽмģ£Ҳһͺţϸȥ߸֣ˮʦ£Ҳôˡֵܴ⣬Σȫˡ
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Ԫһ˾գˮʦʮĽêʷϲͬľǣγһʮ졣Ҳڻ˱ֻг߾Ѽ̽ڣֱִͬ

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ǹѾǣܶŨڵ쳹Χվĺɱ
Ϲɽʥɽţɽȫ䡣վ֧Ӻɽ󽫵ָ£ҰսںԲ󱦹ѾֿȴΧνҰսʢԮ
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Σһ֧⽨ӣڷսѾ޿ָժ޿ޣ
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ձӣôǿģձңôűǿ󣬸ںݺҧԶԶǵһڵģ
˵Ҷ־˵õǲЩǻʲô
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󱦹벻ףѾмױ˽һѾͼסױӳ󺰵ţĵ·ͨŻǿ춥סˣţߣȥĵָ֣žأ
󱦹һ±Ǿѣ͵һӰӣױ˿
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󱦹󳤳һڴһ֣ױһ׮Ҫ죡ˣߣ
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ǹĵһʱ䣬ȻӾʹȥ󱦹˻ȥձǳʰЩӻƵģ
ױǰǹ˳ȥһʱ򣬾һ𣺡ס֣ǹˣ
ʱһƬǹױ̽ͷȥͿǽϣſЩŲŵʿϡﻩĽǹ˳Ű߳ſڣǰӾТں󣬸ղźӶǹģӾТ
ʮĳʸηηվſڣԲһεһ죬ʶһͷ󱦹߳¶˱ȿ޻ѿЦݡӾТ󣬵ͷ֣Ŀ
󱦹ԶԶһҾʱѾ۲ʲôˣ˽ƣǱϾߣΪֹֻ̬Ӵ¡ͳڷٶ꣬ʲ˵ģҰİ
ֻǿЦͷһӾТһӾТǰһЦѾˣֻƼݣҲţϹ󳼣Ҳ֪½ͺʹһȰȰ°ɡ̬˽ҲߣҲ߰
ǹһһ󱦹Ҳ˲öˡӾôˣǹȫˣһСɽƵģʲôı˳ɣһУױӭǰȥһֱߵſǰûʲô춯һ񣺡ȥƼݣ
ЦţֿӾТһۡӾТЦô˽ȥ²УǲҪˣŴʮױɣڲ࣬ʲôʲɣѾˣſȥƼݰɣ
󱦹¿һۣٶ˵һӾʹʮױ߽ţӾТǰ棬˹ţ˶Ź㳡ٽڹ֮šһȥͿʮҵˣձĲǹ󱦹ʮױ
ӾТһǰܣ󱦹ûӦѾǹ죡ױ󱦹ǰ󱦹Ҳִѥͳһǹ
ӾТڳˣһֱֱľԵڵϣѪ»طձһɵĵط첲ҲӵˣһԾʹ˳һҶӴ˰Ҳº񰡡ֻҪܴһǴķġ
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ǱһǹҲãǸҲãֻҪҪΪ󱦹Ϊսǧָ
֧ܾһ֮󣬾ڶһײ˽Ĳߣ·нȡ硣ЩʽĹٱȻҲܼǿΪݣ˾δ֮ǰǳԼķϵ
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ʳҲǽṩģ޴׻߳ʴףûšһ޹ţƶͷˣȣƮŨÿ˷涼װ׷ټһ֭ȵţƶ׷׶˿ȥͰˡ
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һӴӵȺУɣҲǿóġ
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ȭͷǳҺһȫֻǿ׳Ľʹ˼Һļʹ·ǴǻӲļѹ
͢ҸúһİҵˣôһͿأ½ʦˣˮʦûУ廹ʲôձӣʲôãҲͿôҶ־Ļ廹˭˿
ԶԶӪлѾЩףľٵͺʹޣض㡣ǶµһִģڶѾףõһҵۿҪˮʿߵĸʲҲͷʿƺҪͬһޡ
ʿɸߴѾʹһţվֱûˡ
һһۣ͵һץסʿɵļһѽֱĿңһҾǺ
ָűĺƺɽָЩڣָ죺ʿѾԴձӴǾսһսɣսսɾսǹڲðУвѪ⡭жʲôɥֻҪһźˣ
ĺñɽ붼Ļʿɿһۣͨһ͹ţʵѳҶ־޳ܵϢرڣãó͢¾Ϊ͢һʿɲܺҶ־һ죡
һֻҲҪǳ͢һͲᵱѹȣҪһںǣнգ
Ҫǳ͢òҶ־ôɱˮʦðգƵеսԣԮӼҶ־
˵ôҶ־һݵıȥҪ֪ǰ棬ȵһģͷֻ㱻ʧص򣡡
ʿȻվֻǴĿһһһһֵĵҲڲԺɫĺϣˮʦһ׳ĺ䡭ҲûŶһѣҶ־֧桭üʮ꾭ӪЩЩǵͷ·ߵͷʲô½ʦȥӣˮʦȥӡձıĸڣڻ۶ʮľĸ֮أ˿ôΪôֻһԼҵڣɽ֮ǰˣҾһ仰ֻҶ־˾ȥԼȥҲмҶ־˴˾һձӣסӵĹסйһ棬͸ң֮һһӢ۵λҶ־Ҳܿ³
ʿҶ־ҲӮⳡ˾ģѾûѡһˡ£ҲѾǰֻ֮ҪˮʦһҰܣվڴ庣ڣһ½սΣҲˣ
߻ǸԼΪһйٵı֣
һĿɫҰ׵Ҷ־ͻȻûɵһʹתͷ֮ȥ·ղŶ߾һԽǧĺײҰ
ǲη˲ӿĺϣǰ꺣䣬ڻĻ
ֻЩԼűˮʦŵʵ̫֮࣬£˻þ
ʶģѾժ˾ñСʿʱŷ֣ñ֮£һһͷ̷
ѾˣͿҵİɣԸḺУ
ʿɴͷֺ̧֣ܿصһǧڵϣĳԸ׷ˣֻҪܻһ˿ĳֺϧЧ


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֯ƵзǾ磬߼ĵطмңӿֱ
ӴӵĻŢĵ·зʿһһеˤ˾Ͳ𡣾ϣ嵽ǰȡȴµġеĻӱ޸Ͽʿѱʿ˼޺󣬾ͷȻĽٴ˻ת˲ûС
·ԣȫǶ󳵣ʣװҩ˺ˮп޺ëҷҲ˷˩ڷڳ棬˱Ա߱ܵɪɪ򳤻̵İ
ٵģûͷû£类
˭ģһݶҲл£
Ҹʮ갡ֵƣھ³

ʢʮӪͷۺ֮ͳҶ־ͳ󣬵һϣܣƽһǧʢȥʿѾ˹ȵأһܵʱһͷҶ־˼ǲǣվǿ˺֮ôҵĹսȻֳǲ֧ӣ׷ƨɺ档һҧǵβͣڸǲϵĶǽгԽ
վҲƣ˼żбģһ£ҲˡһûСǻѾû˵ֿ־ǹӪ·ӡҶ־Լ֪ʣ˶ˣ໹߳ɵĶ黹ڼֱӣľ˵³ˡ
һ绮ƺһЩҶ־ϣŵĶѾȫʪˣױʲҲóȫͳļӣֻлСǰ״Ҷ־Ĳһϵˮƣʵжòܵ룿
һֻܲҪͿڴͬһԺúͳ͢ϵʿĺӣʲôƵͷϡ˾Ҷ־ɲ£ֻҪʢ¾Ͷ˵ˣҲס󱦹󣬽ͷˣ
ߵҲɥʧ˶µƿܺҲ߼ʮױڸҶ־ȫһϡҶ־̾һҪⳡܸ꣬ϵ롭ţһ°ɣǰɽɽڣ붴ҲǺԶˣǾӳ죡
Ҷ־ֻ̾Ҳʵû뵽ȻܵôǱ;̣һǸĴΧʾ񶼱Ǩ㣬ԶǺƽ֮ĹٵٴӵķӶճɰ׵أûпϢĵطҲû뵽Ұ¶һġ
߰ɣƽٳЩ飡˳ʾϴ󼪣ˣôˣ

統Уһվڸѵĵ·ƽгԽҶ־ҳһŵʢⲿվˣǿ׷֮£ҲǲΡվ½սʦ³ʿ÷˶Уİѹѹļ𡣵ôİǿϮҲǵһΡ
ָһɽֻǵһ仰һ˶ӵ챼Ϯ˰ҵ۹ǿ֣ѵͲūôʢһȥʴ¶ӣ
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һԼҴ嵶ΥģʱվٵָӵȫӦʽ佣һݹֶֻҪιȥǿʢݣʱȫƣǺһγձˮڷ棬͵ľָ棺׼

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ɽ굱УŵĶǲÿ˶Ŵͷ׵ĺ£Ĭĳˮÿ˶װǹñĵ¹ʽʽǹֻǵȺžٵĺʱͨѶˮһ
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һĺУʿһһװǵĿⶼͷɽͷĻУֻܿԼԼӰԶ۲ʲô
ˣս鱨ѼȻû˵СӹȻƵʢǰˣͶɽ;ҰĹҲúܺáû˵ģһǵģ
˵ǳɽͷϣֻҲڡվһӴ¶رһҲҪսʤ˫ȫˣ
ԽԽ佱ĻǰǸɣڽֱӪٴλЦĳһۣ˵ʲôٿߣǹһվñֱɫ˿ֻˮʣŵݣְѻ˶档
һصĽ죬ݺѿӰԶڲ档˭ɭɭģһûЦҲϲͷ¶棬ǾһʲôˣѵΥͰԶͻȻԱߣȻƽҲɴ࣬Ҳİ취ϴûκý³ʿŴЩӹѵֱݵʥﻹЦڱۣݶ޲ýЩҵļҹ洫ȥء
Σ£һУݵģ˳û˰ɣ
˶˵ıȱ˶߰˸ϣͷûط·͸ܵ˴ֹЦ˵ʲô˵ǲıڵľϣһҪǵ鱨ܽвıҵлţĴ
ˡⲿվ׷ϮԶʵ䵨ǵĶ֣Ǳǿ׳ռɽһ⼸СӣӾܰˣﻹǶɽ
һЦû˵۹һۡݹȻתĿ⣬У·𣺡жϼ˵Ĺ涨ô˵ְǷӣѵͻһǣ˸ƣǹһΣ
һĭžһǣˣǹһΣ
ЦŴԲˣܽԵУһ̣ɲǺ͹Ӵں͸ֵ˶ڽ֣ˡݣսаô
ת˻սָӣҲǲıɣ
ôһҲϰߵĺٺһЦ۲ǱߵǸһ֮µļһͬǸûȤڣӻǹòҰ

ˣҪʢӴңǲȥԮȣʿѯһ
ڶһʱĽǰָӲڳΧһȻҲƽǰ߻رȫչˣΧɽҪڻŴͬأǰķصڷɽ룬·ڰݡȻ˵׼¾սǻҪס·Ͳ·ֻҪݲ䣬ƽĺ·ʼհȫ½·治ĲԴԴ͡⻹Ǳ㣬ƽ棬վӺԪɽһͷǳԽӺǶվһȴܹȥ϶ǸϵģҪǿƹļƣǵŰ
ʿɵıһѾץˣȥڻҲžãʱʱתñûԼıе¹̶սԣƣվڸ԰ܣվ½󺣿ڵʱһǴĶ
ˮҶָӲһһӡʿһ仰ʳָӲ涼ˡֻ
һðӲ˼غͲӣúܣʿɷʣ̾һϸҲڹٳôʮˣôô棿
񣬵ʣͤҪҶ־ñͨ͢ʵ飬͢ǣҶࣿ
ʿ룬Ҷࡣ
һĴȣֻҶܵòʰҲ̶ãǲܰ⵹ʾУó͢ѣô徯ѣҪȻǾֻܵҶҲǲҪ޷ҲܽӦ˻⻴вҾȫͳˣһ˳ʱǽĵͳ
ʿɻ亹һֶ֮Ѿ㵽ˡȻµĽͳջܾе㲻ǻͬŰ
񿴳ʿɵ˼һһЦͤʢˣƽӮվô
ܡ
һվŶвıԱҲ˵ʿɣʵѾ֤󲻳ˣ·Ѿ߾㻹ôȻҪһеǰⳡսºȵֻѾˣûˡͤҲӦϣҺãңӮⳡ̣
ԼΪⳡսѾ׼꣬˭ǰ棬Ҫ޹ص£Ϊʷ֤ˣЩã
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һڱͻѰʿɵȷҲ޴ѡֻôһ·
ʿɳ֮֮£һЦЦļ򡣶ʮͷСʮеִ
ϾǺվĵһνӴҵҪƳǵĽͤʱҶ־ſĽ£͸³

ǹ籬һͻȻֻˮĻʢǰʱͱһֲ׷׵ءһǰ棬˴ˤӳȥԶʢһȻ˵һӪǵʿѾ䵽޿ɸӵĵزּȫɥʧָϵѾ֮ܳΪһ֧ˡȵͷ̧ĵͷܣ˻ڲϵƴӿϡڹٵϼһӵкವͷӹѴѵûбӵУȴԼȵŢС
һ󳵷˹ϵ˵ñӣһͷȴǻںŪļҾ죬аŮװ˾鵱УǰôǱʲôҲûŮˡŮӿ޺ҲŪŵľȴɢӿһƬֵ̿ĺӣӣ
ѾըУڶ鵱еҶ־һȻͿɧӶѾһУǹ׵뿪ߡΪûо֯ɢҲ͵ʧˣ
Ҷ־һۣۿߵӶҪ嶯ǰȥֻɽǹһŵ죬ĻȴʲôСձǰˣ
ɫ࣬Ҳ֪ŵĻǸܵģţҪ·ȥȻͲ룡Ҷ־ﻹܲףǰӵĲ״ܲЧָӻǸ⣬ôȥѵɢ飬ɽԽƽⲿӣ»᲻ͦƨҲף
Ҷ־Ұ̾һ־ȥǹһסĸ첲ţҾѡʿٳһѣ
Ҷ־мĿλͳֱȭһ仰Ҳ˵ѾңҪܳȥұλáֵѾĻ˰
ȭҴһҲ˲˵ˣҶ־һƣ˭Ҳܲˡ¾ʹŸʲֱǰ壬ҴҲû˼ǼƽˣֻǱͷƿܣҲ֪̤˶ˡ
ͣļѡ棡ֻҪܳɽڣѡһֵģһλǰ̣ʵȱ
߸ʲҲ׷׸󺰣ҲͷܣЩվĻΧҲվ̼Ŀȴ˲Ӧ
ױʲֱ嵽վΧ֮ǰöǰѾһѣˮѪˮ˵ɫױ͵һѽӵӹؿڣƥ˻ŵ£ѹ
Ѫĸʲӳǿɱ
ʲûмɣʷϾԡＴ°޹˼ɡЩʲǼӱݣʲôܰЩͶӵܵȷҲܶءܻʲӳһȣˢĳһಲģǸˣģģ˯ŮⱲӹˣʱǶӲϰ죬꣡
ʲǺȻӦ׷ǹĳǹûǹõìҲɶУðֱǰɽڳȥԺͷһɢűںŵź͸һһ顣ҲЩʲĳ漤һѪ£Ҳ͸ˡЩҲηηǰҸεĵطʼǹ߲ӵһһĶ֪ȥ
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һ͵һ֣֦жӣϮЩūϵøԶһЩǸһЩҲһӶصأ
һվξһУֻʮ˵жӶʱľҴҴǽ£ź³ЩձʿʵҲƣ˼Ȼʿ磬ʵһ㡣
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ǰʢסһ㣬ӴıѾס˽ŲĵϢǰľʧܵ𣬶ʱҰһƬӦ͵𣬸ҵĳͷӿʢѾ׵ɥʧ˿ơҶ־ױӶѾȫ嶯Ҷ־ɼͷԵĸҴܣɽҰ֮䣬޺Ѿѹ˷꣡

ĺԶԶȸղŸײɽ棬ƬܻҵĺХȻ֮Ķǡ
йٱĬĬȺÿ֧Ųǹ֣ÿŴñľ٣Ѿ˫Ѫ죡
裬ĳ裡壬ֻнǿսֻ֮˲
վɽϣĬĬţβҡͷˡţҲܵòˡãǳ֣ɡŷӴһ㣡
ݲɫĳһǣվֳһνӴóݣ˫赹սЭͳӪڶϣһӪҲڲӦı¼һʱվʵս
վɽͷת󣬼ľɽһ̧ͷԶһ̨صڸ֦Ҳȫƿ¶幫Ұսڡ
ȫʽĲٵ䣬Ҳǵʽͼȭͷϣڿл˼Ȧӣתֱָǰ
һ˵ִԴսķ¹½շսʱʵҲм򵥵ľˡϵϲָͷʾܶ˼¹˲֪ǲΪٰ׵ԭһ㶼ȭͷȻ
ľȻϰԵʽܾñԶһɽϵССӰľٶˮ߶ģ࣬Ǽƻ˿÷
ͷԼµЩڱЦЦЩʿӶͣǵľҲǵĴˣǸһһ˵ˡⱲźûʮ꣬ڼﲨڵΪսŷѾ̫ƽͣû˿ԴʷʫӢ֮ءҲޣܼ֤˵Ҳһе񣬶ӵĲʱˡһԽһûԽˡ
սɣҵʿǣҲ޵¬ŵսۣ
¬ŵսۣﲨڲμӵսһս1000˼µһԱӪ400ˡ
ʿ˾ĺҲǱһΪ˾ûٱǳЦҲ׼ùˡ
ڵţԪѾͱʶˡŻŹʽɽ͵һ³˴ŵİ̻⣬ɽվأʱĹ೾
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һڵװţž³ȥɽش𣬵Ƭɣ
УѾϵ£ߵ֮ǰһͱ۾ˡʵʵǹͻ
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ֻҪڣйͲܣǽȫ⣡


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֪˶ãܼڻֹͣһſһƺʿǵĸߺǵı󣡡
Ŵˮһ֡ȻҡվתͷһͿӵУһ֧Ѿ˶УĬͦ
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һҲſԶȥͿڹеĲ˼ԲͲǹеǾ˵Ļ࣬Ǵ³ģ
ڣһĵһӦתǹձ½ҲһЩΪضҹʸߣ̫ʹãܸϲĹСʲôͻȻðĵӵǿĻ
ѵǸƽ
һѾˣɤŴ֦жӵ
ѵصվʿ̿𻹻ǹžĴ졣ˣ֦жӳδԶҲʵܲԼ⵽ڻǧ˻ߣ˳ȥһžϣӺܿ
ӡУرеĶ䣬ӻмֵǵ˹ʱǵĹձ鼫ڳǰ¸ҵļ֮ľ͵ͷܡ
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ֻǳĬǰƽСӵڶһȱڣȴֹǰĲۼѾԽƽأµأǰٶȻţڵ굱УǵĶ˿ûɢļ

һͷݶĶԼӵĹһӪͻһӪԤձصҲȷڲ
Ϯ׼ȷ͡ǡôϵĻǹڻҲ·׼ȷһֱڻͲԿӵվĻһŵСվǹѾࡣ
ҪĻ֧ӣѵһŵһֱڹǰûеõûһ˴ӶеӾٵʿһ
ﳤһá
ش𣺡ҶԴ˴δɡ
˫仰ΧıЦе˻Զ󺰣ŷӣѹӶһģҲˣ

һ׹һ㣬ۿȫ̵ʤǰˣһҲǵ۹׹ĻߣۿžҪڳȫˡԼĲ£ôŬ
ӵưһϴˢĻߣһʿ򳤻̵ĲҽУȻ󲻶ѹ̧ͷǻûлֵ
ĵ˻ڳĬͦöԷٺʿˡÿҼ綼һö¡ȷԲΪţǸǺ˵Ľŵ˵ıƽһֱеĻҲʼֹͣٵ֧һֱڼƽĲ鷢춯صźһ̵֧֧ӿţѾǷĳ
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һʲסҶ־ŴͳɽָšҶ־ѾͷһƬհ׵ŴӵܣȻѾԼԺһƬңû⵽ͻȻڱӵʢҲ½վס˽Ųɽȥ
Ҷ־ãȻعˣͿɽǸձ˶أ޷ͨѾȫǸ߸ߵ͵͵ƺɽͷƬĺХ
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ԮǵԮ
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ڻֹЪ֮ǱɽܼʢʿǺ񿴿һɢĴ
֮Ҷ־ǹôܣԮǳ岻ɣ
ǹȻһһɽͷѾССӰձˣתۼһӺɫʿ͵ĳϣ̵ҫﶼ÷ձײһ
ֲ㣬ʢͿЩʿԴԴϵðŴ̵ƴˡЩʢձʿڱȱҩûкԮľеĶǹеľͳɽ¹䣡
ĻʢڳһƬҶ־ҲڷӦ˹ʶԼϣ£һ·裬߾ĸʲѾڸҶñˡ
·˵ľӣ⺷ʢݵģģ񰡡
Ѱ˼УʿѾߵվġͻȻʢ֮վѾԼ°ܽʱ̤ˮУȻһ
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ҪһӢȣ
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˳ǰʹŵУʦΧҲˣݶĳţ˯Կǡȴһ˾ڵء
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ΰѵĻû꣬ͷ˯ȥˡſڴĳµ±Ҳһѣǹվ뿴棬ž˾ȵͳ
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ʦŻȫ׼һͻߣ
賿ĵ㣬վѾ뻢ߵزԶĳصСغͻߵһߵɽͷӳصߵ֮ǰǧ׵ĳ롣վⷽɽͷϣѾǰ·ڱҲɽͷ档
գ糤ҹ̡賿ĵӣѾоɫ΢΢Щˡϣſֻ֮д̵ǹ΢ײӴӵӵһ𣬻ŵĿţĬĬĽЬڰȡǲټ飬ֻǽһȥ⬼һĲͷɽͷɽߵб棬ȫϢľٺʿݹľУͷϰųİɫĬĬ֡
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֪˶ãɽزŷԶתͷҰ᣺ҰҪʼˣ
Ұ򿪻ʱͷ룬ҪغĿ̶棡

վΪߵصأڽԼĳƺУ߶Ÿߵء߰ٶʮţǵغһ㶼׿⣬ɽͷҪز׸ߡΪĳ·ΪƽɽͷŦãһЭһһӪͷ
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һԶ˰죬εķսоãɫֺڡȥζ࣬ɽꡣôҲֱ治ڳչıҵսӦûᱬ
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ˣóǽֲǽһ㬵룬͵ۿһۡӢͦԶ˱ֱԶͬһͬһĵܡް賿ɫУ֮ˣ¶š
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Ա߳𣺡Ҳ˵ӻ᲻ᷢ衭ǴҲһˡʲôҵ״Ŷõóжιĵطǣƻ΢ӻԳսĸܶȷҲҪǵķߣ
ݻͷųȻ¶һ˿΢ЦһּʵķЦȻӢ䵽˼㣬Ǹʱ֪СŮŮ޻Ϊ֮֡
ʵҲܷһΣĹ˺ܶࡣ
˶ӣһЦ紵ʱ򣬽˫赣ҫۡ
ιιιϴһĵ׶ѾźˡɨԶϱɽһۣʲôʱʼ
ʼ򣺡㣡ɫף߿ʼʱ򾯾Ҳ͡سҹʱҲˣʱ򣬷𹥻
һһ֣ĻѾݹˡ򿪱һʱͷ룬ѾҪغǸ棡

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վڶָӹ͵ĳ˹ͷϵĲȦػ֣ţ
ʮɽҰڿڣҲƵڱΣ͵Ƶšһǣÿڿڶ³˻࣡
վڶӲڳɽͷб棬ֱ벻ǧ¡ԷĲǹѾûʲôвֱڻȴܷṩߵľȣ
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¹εƬľµڸǣԼܿաʯ䣬ĴɽϹ򵽺ѾɫУҩζսϣǺ˴
ڻʮӣѾȥǧ෢ڵʦĵҩѾմ룬ڱȫͭǡʮڻȻֹӳվֱӣǰ󲽱ʱӿ
߶Ÿߵ棬ǱԴںţͷͻְ·ҪڵƵġڻһͣǾȻһţˣˣʱ򣬼ҽõ꣬ڲ˵໰·Ҳ˿Ƶġ
޵ĭ۾ͳ濴һʼŨأʲôҲֻ洫һһ˺Х֮ڱڵľʿҲܺòǹɽܿ콫ɢһ㣬ȵƣ˶һ
Ӷɽͷ棬Ⱥӿˣֱк£Ŵñվʿɽһĳ£ɽγһܼɢߡʵȫܳΪɢˣǼ粢żķҲƵУձվڶףʽָӵʿǰһŵĲǹǰɽͷϣվԴԴķսʿָĽк˺ѷεĴÿձٺͷ϶ųİײһƬɫľзĿ
ձӷ·Ѿ߶ŸߵǰĿյأһӿ˹
˺棬ĿɿڴĿǰһУģӰ
ץ͵Ĳǹ󲽵ںǵȥҪ𣡲Ҫ𣡷Ž˴򣡷Ž˴򣡡һȥһٱһǹܺãǵӰҲǿ̫ţվ˼ڹ̳ɢȥȻﱼߡÿڸǵĻǹֶŵĶվں棬ҧյĻǹǲûУ
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״УԶ΢΢ҡͷˣˡǴƴӵֻҪ˵ܶȳܶȣͿͻơȻսһѧ⣬Ľ
һҲСӷ·һڶԿǧվֳǰȴǳһôãӦôΣ˵ⳡս£ѾǰˣãѡĹ٣ıôึڿʼˣ
ǱݺͳﶼԶüͷӣ
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ǲУսֱաҲǲǶţƽ
Էս붨Ʋ⣬ǲı顣
ģƵɾСӲ֣
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һ쭣ѡӣż򳯺ɫһָǰⲻǿʼˣ
ڱ棬ȡѾñһţ۾ȫǿȵĹâǵʷʫĳôŤˣ𣡡

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ڻصǵϣʱһŴССĻ⣡ϰձʿͻȻУŵһƬҽҲɶƵ𣬺ˣһͷԵˡҲйɺݾֻҪָӵʼǰָţǸϽȥ
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վǰָɽͷɽҰᶼԶĿŶľۿԼܼԶ¹һƬһƬģѾ޷㡣ǻиԽȺӵĳӿ
Ȼƴ𣬵Ȼ޷ôѹ¹ϰ֮ڡۿóȥԽԽ࣬ѾĲڶɽϡ
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վĳ޴ת֮Ѿ˿ǰۼȺǵ߲ףȴǰΪѣӿǰ˳ǰƣְֻ˽ŵ˽˿棬մ֩Сɳ档ԷǹȻһ̲ͣϢ˶ѵвϽѪҽӵء
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˴Ѫͬʱӿغܿʧȥ˶ѪҺЩɫҺ壬СϪһɽȥ

һҲԶ濴
ʮļܻǹխ䣬ֻܶȣʲôҲЩʽǹĿת۾ͱѹͿǵ˿ǰµʬһĵվʿڵıɱǹ֮ܣ˿ǰһŵվͱһѻӵ֫Ӷǧ׵棬ѾԸָ̬ȥվʬ塣վŹǰֱܼĻ緭ʮļߵ䣬̶һʱ䣬ͼվĳд򴩣
еĻǹʼվڱؾ뺾ǵ߲ǧ׵ľ룬ǹ򲻵ߵص뻹һɱܻǹǹڱҲһƬǼվִսλ棬Ѫ͸һ
֮ѪĺһԶ૵³ôһ仰
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վһ󣬲֪ôľðһ䣺ټױٰ
žһǶϣһɫҲЩ԰ףȴ˵ļ㿴ǵģ䵽³ã


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һ쵰ôҪϢΪʲôں˵ȸҿ½ЩսϢ

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ΪıĴԣʱûкЩҲǳé®²ıһ߲ݡĶͷ˾һѡ˸ƧһȲ衣
һǶЩʵЩţҲ֪ԼĵλѶסĳ嶯˵硰ҲҪҰǸߵΪʲôֻһӪӪʲôʱܹ˸ʱúܣЩ֮ࡣ
ԼִսᵼµĺʵЩûаա۲Ϊ涨ڰ¶ʮ֮ǰ˸ʦţȻתñ֮󡣾еĺȲ裬顪ҲеǿװĴ󽫷ȡ
ǰСӡΪʲôҲȲ裿һҪеļƣ
Ĵֱкүˮ
ȻͿĽﱭӵˮ⻹ϡճëȺ÷ɿ졣
лүˣƴźۣĸְȥҵ˵ɽ˳㿪֮⣬ǰʲôµûУ
һһԭۣһֶûȥ޿̵һȣʲô˴̣ʲô
Цģݵ飬ıе¹ʶţǱ졭Ҷȫ붨ҲָʾһǶʲôݵսָָֻţҿɴ򲻹
һǲˬϲٳƵļӣСҲһꡣվ࣬ӣֱһȫ⡣ҪһжûˣҲ̫ûûˡڿղɣ峯
ۿһҪ쭣ÿʱܸоһĵߣϽֱӣĲ豭ҲˣˡǰķԸҪھУսֵı仯
ʲôûУһûʣСҪڿ͸ôͬˡ
ﵭһЦˣǴս˰ɣ˵սԾҪڳսƻվս뽺ĵаɣȡʤӳűʧܣǿ˳λʱ˭ǣҲ˳Ľս£ֻҪǻȡʤ͢Ͳð֮踶ԺͣսԽȥǵĵλԽҪйձСմ鱨ҲĲǲʤܣǲܶʤ涼ӮʤǶڻǶ⣬ǲǣ
һҲ˲豭һ¡¡һɱǹԶƮڣȴһƬİ
һվĳһۣˣ
ͼ֮Զ֮ֻͶݡⳡս£õ˼
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һһֹֻ˵ȥûǿѵսʿ£ôıҲǲɵġ
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ֻҪάֳս֣ȡһЩʤͲֿܲȥֵֿȥֻи׵ı壬ֻмӱս½ȥҲձûսµĻᣬֻнϿ壡
̣ȡ֮·һɳǰ
Ȼе˽ģҲԵʷԵ˰ɡңҲͻʷһһļ磬ʷһһĻɣ
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һȻĬ󵭵һЦ׾ͺãҵɽԴǰ


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ͻ̫͵Ѿ֪мûнĴ󳯻ˣ
Ҷ֮δĳƣĳᣬ˾֮⣬䣬Ӧðֵһξۼȫģƫƫڽɫδ¡ĽӾһһģ׵ǵ㣬ľ󳼣Ѿȫ뼯ֵᡣ
Щ˲ĳҲˡʲô鱨㲻ȥľŴǾۼһ£Ȼ¾ӣȥ׼ꡣĲǣȥط᲻հҲ֪أûǮ㾫Ҫ
Դһɵ紫һү˸߲ҵĽ˴󳯻ᣡ
ǰЩӣһϢʦѾ𶯡һսĵ۵еװŲˣ˭Ҳòһ취
ݣˮʦŻ󿪡ѾзԴϷүһҪЩܸʲôӣڿҪѾϷү⣡
ȥú԰밲ҲԽڣеʱţеʱûšʣʱһѶѵҲ֪ûеĵͷȥļսе졣
Ʋ˵˵ս¡ô壬ҲųͬˣôһССձ򲻹һıǰְܣʲôֵСձӣ˵ҪļҪؼҪϽ򴬣˭֪ëá˼ʮ꣬˶õı󶼲Ƕ֡ļıܵס
۸ùǺ۵֮Գ֣ҲȫȻΪȨġҶһģģͷ£ǲϷүŪɵģҪָʥȨһ·ҲеãʥϣǲҲе㿿ס
ָʲô취أѵҪһЩеģҪʲôܲɣ
޳·УҶϢȴϢȴû뵽ʴһĽݱһ¾ûõ֧͢ԮҲ֪һô͢żѹȵġȴһɱнĴݣձνһɽվϽʱܹƽģڱһΧסҲҪ׷ʦ
һʼһӦǲţҶ־û󣿽죬ս˾ͷϢ֤ʵݱغǵվ̻̲ءɽָӵĵʦѾʧȥ磬ںǸֹӶۿ˽Ĳ죡
峯Ұʱϲ񡣵ǵĲݣЩӣе־˧иڼȵˣ
ϷүУָӲУʮòУǻи˧
ȻЩ˼ǰġ
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̫½Щٶǣ˼Ķĥ⡣һǸϽܿӷ𣬻ٿɫɡ
ϼݵž޵̫ĹѼɤŶվڴ復ϵߴЩ󳼻ɽݡŲ죬ȻǹڲסЦƽƽ
͵۳ơͿһЦų顣׵ɫڼҪųȺѾλЦ𣬾Ǻʹ˵˵һݱѾ̫Ϸү밲ߵϲˡϷүĴ͡ⳡ̣Ǵ򵽵ףТ£ձϷүǵ˼Ҳʹ죬ʹʹĽô޷ͣҪ
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߶߶˵һѣȺеľˡ𳯻ʾأŴһ̣ҪȨġٲһ¶ǲˡϴ˭һĽݱϷүҲֻűϴȥѵҪһֱȨˣ
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⻰ǳģΪطʵɣ´ֹ֧ǷȨΨȨµʵѹõ۵һ㷭ĻᶼûУڵ۵Ŷ磬׼µֲ֣Լʵˣ
֮һƬЦĵͷ׼Ҳ˼ʦʲôҪģ˵˵
ͬڣڣˣͽԱ͡Ĺ԰ܶȴз棬ģĪڴˣͺԷ£Աͣ͢ҲҪ͡Ϊ͢׾սʤ֮󣬵龩ʦΪҴ峤֮
˷ܣڵһ´վ˼̣һԱͣ
һվȻССձҴжԡܴΣձСҴ󣬴ȥûǵĺùӳԣһһսʤҪʣ˳ʳگ£
ͬ⣬۵ڳ׷װݵɽ꣬ԱһۣҲȥǺسЩھ̵ͬķâѹôһڵĹ£һЦ񣡻Ϊһһ̩ɽ֮ˣٴϢô죿

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µ鷿֮ڣĬĬӡǩѺҲȥˣֻԼ鷿֮ڣһݵͣȥϸҲ֪˶áʿһԣҲɫࡣ
澲ĵģֻֽŶϡϡ
һֽͷϣһ˫˰ߵϣ̾ϢϷү´ˡֻǶһˣٴ̣ҲˡϷүǱǱʤ
ôʤˮ½ȥӣͤһơϺЩ۵Ϊ;ܴӮ̣ΪձĲһ²ϳձ˱ȻѾýڻҪ½ڣֱҸ֮˰ڣµΣٰ׸ʰսȥձ˹ȻǱҲˣ
ͷƣĿʿһᣬˡôҲ벻ףһôʹӮˣڸø峤֮ƵģҪ϶ԴҪȨҪôطʵɡ
۵ܲܵó˵ٰܣԷˡһҵҲҪˮ
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ʿǷݵһȻųһ䡣춯̧ͷ
ʿãǴӮҲһӮҶһֶеһֻҪ۵Ǳͻס
µɴ۾ֻǿʿʿɫѾýɫ٩٩̸һƽʤǸ೯͢ĲĶ棬ҪͤһһɲڻӢʹҲ͸¶һϢãձһųƵʦŵģ׼½ԪɽֻҪͤⲿÿ棬һ֮أǰܵٲңֻҪһţҲùȥˡϷүҪǱЩطʵѹС
İָʿ쵰ʱս֮գ˿ԣϾǴ֮棬ձ񣬵̫СܵٲңֻҪһһܼסҪȥձĲ𣬵˺Ҳ̸ֻͰˡʱձҲ׸ǣ⣬ҪҴˣ
ʿɫ䷴廹ʲôˣֻΪüƣΪƣ˵һҲ룡ʱǾֻпһ죬ɢñãأ
˺ݺݶӣ˺ƿĿ⣬棬ٺЦֻϷԼҵ£᲻ԼȨλɡͤѾһģ
ͤǻ£ʮ꣬ʱҪõģõ೯͢Ҷ־˻عشѼ̽Ǳߵңձ˽ֻܰж˳Ѽ̽ڣ͵ɣҹҴҶˣͤжȨسãĻˣת֮䣬ձͻ½Ҹ󺣿ڰΪƣºϧþϣ
ɫľȻС鷿һ죬ȴūڳų°ھͳˡŮҲ֪˶ãͶݺݵһɿʿϡʿҲʾŤסǰ֣ʱŤһ
˵ʲôɥĵ⣬㣡
ôȻͲҪܣ
˴̳ңȭߣһһŤһţһԷӣһԷӣҲԽԽߡ
´ĿŤ򣬵͵һվ𣺡ҹ
׵źһͣסĿ¡
ر۾ݺᣬ
ҹ

ձƷۡ
ʶ࣬ϸҲɵˡһƬ굱УվʿĬĬϴŵЩ˺ͰԶģһ˻ߵĺ
˲СƵøۿЩһûϽӵЩʽѰêۣɵУֻܿһѡڵȺװ֮󣬻
ڽԱϵĵʦѾȼƻһ켯ϣ׼
ͷ棬ҫձŲߣÿһоʿԱ٣һǵʦʦų̫нڱһΧסɽ󽫵ѧһǴӪ½Ļųϲн
нʪˣȴû⡣Ÿۿ׳۵ĶԱ棬˵üͷȴûн⿪
ϾĦģЩݵģܶءɽظ˸ΧǲòȻ֪ǰܡ
Ϊʲôܣ
һĽƣǵȻܻƵʦţôҲܻƵʦšǽʮ½Ԫɽǰǰлʿɲ赲ǰ棬һ㹻ʱתˡȻȻսףǰ;ȷĪⰡӪΪʲôֲϽڶתƵսأ
ϲһЦʣʵ۲ͰǾڳʴʤٶֻ࣬ҪȽĸ֮أôҲս룬һѾչʾķһʹʦŴзϣڶ룬Ҫ೤ʱܻأ۹Ծٹ֮һôǺܿˡʱ򣬵۹ֻƲ
⻹õʦȥٸڼԼ޴ԼԼ̫ɫ࣬Ҳ֪ԹǱܵġ½Ѿǿұʾ˲ʱ´ȻȫȨٲģ½Ҳֻзӡ
ϲĦ½߲㣬еݣ̫ɵȻҲΪһ϶ûڴӪٲľ
ϲ֪̫ԹһЦժ¾ñᵯһ¡ƽͷ棬񷴶ˬҲơ
˲޴ôձ˺棿ٸ£Ǹ˽ˡɽظ²ܲȡȻѾˡȲɽظ£ҲҪǣסһӦԮϡ˵ˣȴǵģҲǾϲأ
ϲЦָָԼѾһˣһǲ֪ôˣڶҪΪά½棬ɽظ¶ϹûеȴʦšһΣͰиݱһͦɣ˾УҪôǰҪôǿŵ۹𣬵Ҳʹ졣
̫ɰžŴϲҲЦãٸ£۹ɣ

ǹͻȻľǾ춯صź
յĴڻţŢһƬɽصУʿðϣѾˮСʣµȻڷǰǰѾɽͷӳź⣬ҫ
ǳǰ棬ñͲ֪˦ȥ´˴ߵأǰǵʦľݵ˸ˣվƴܶʿѾܷڵ˳һδεĹ뷴ɫɽͱ˽ɫ˫µʿҲ֪ж٣Ҳܿˮһֻ԰׵֣
˫ƴ죬һӪ򲻶һӪϣѾ˵Ӫ
һڵվʿֽ˹ǹûд̵ô˹һ󷴴̣ƿĲǹ˳ƽվʿšʿǹץסĴ̵͵Ҳð
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Ǿһ̵ڴžѾˡǴӲӽһ̵ʹ߲Ӻͼ罻ĵط˽ȥ
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һݲվǰָӲԶⳡսʼաһӪƣˡӽɣһֻнСȥˡΪһ֧¾Ȼʿ߰Ǽͳ̶ȣȻսĲӡһɶѾ൱ߡܹʱһ£ָʿ浶ʵǹĥͿýսָܿҵõ
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ͤǱߵϵӪڰݵӪҶˣܹǡһҪȫվӵĵʦ⼸žͻ½ԪϣҪתݣܹһʧܣҵʱ䣡
ݾȻ俴һһָۣӭƮĲ죺ˣ㻹ԼĽô


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ʮɽҰھ͵طУһӶӵڱ˵ҩȻһţյ꼾ԶԶûйȥ˸ΧɽһƬŢصƥ˻֧źҷԦֻޣߺȣúһĽʿ࣬Ҳƴӡ
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һѾܳĲӼ׼Եʦŷһ
ıǽٱһֱ¹ţһ¡սҪλƶȡȫսܷתñķսơʦ
ЩĹ۵㣬һҲе˽ģҪһȫ׵ʤĵλһ㣡
ĵ׼ӶѾνءЭЩӾηĿЭһ·սʬۣٷɽͷѾ˽ЭЭһֱЭĸ߼һıѧЭ߼ˮʦϵΪľ٣ǶиõѵƵľѧʶḻľ顣һսЭȷ涼е㸹̡
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սأһƬʿڵľ󣬱˿ûнϢЭٱս顣
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һ㺣һǳɾһõװҲһⳡʤ
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һ֣Щʲﻹеסȫ˵ļ˶еС˶͹һӾ٣ͷľЭЭͳ½ƽˣôΣգ˻ȥ
һϵЦҶһǹڣҵɽСˣ״Ҳܣʲô
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³Ĭ㣬žǾ춯صĻٶ𣺡ˣǾˣ

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굱УһԶ۲ãβ³֣ף
ЩʲЭľ٣ǵǰɫţŶûڵƿյһ춯ϾҪһѹס
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Ҫǣʲô⣬Ҫȫս԰ţҪĵλԸˣǱԷƵ棡
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˳ƽɽ档
ҹɫ졣Ϸ粨ݡڷӿĲγһĮ̇ҹĵƻ𣬶
ˣҲ͵ˡô󣬴ǲЪһ£ȷͣٳ
ں̲ϣһȺͲͱ𡣺һС֣沨ˮֶðŴ̶ߣżһۺ棬ɫеֻʡ
λҴҸˣһ˵ģɵ湻ġðŷΣҹд˳ûȣҪɫ£ҹɺֱʾڵɽ
ãôһʹ㲻ӵѲҲ˵ûܵ
ʿеǱغˮ½Ӫ񴦵ĻԱ죬Ϊڱ󸡳ʮĹԱҲǸⳡսλġԭ˳˵ܰ죬ͷβĹ١սһˮʦѾ½ʦȻҲ˼ӪͷûԸ˭ҲսܵΣ˳ҲսսıµɴԱ˳򣬻߽Լְλƽ½ʦ졣ǱѾ˷磬˭ҲֻĹٶˡ
ʿҹϵΪÿλãȴû뵽ʿͷһȻҪҹ͵ɵʾڵɽ
ʿ֣Ҳ֪ǵİΣ뵽Լǰ;Ī⣬ᶼˡ
ʱʿȴŶֻ̧ۿͷĻƽɽ̨ʵ̨ģǽ˰ɣ
æı⣺ǶŵĽƣֵҲǽʹ˽βǰʵڲ֪ۣ
ʿһЦҹɫУɫ㲣۾ģҲաϸ磬ڳϢδ֮ǰ˳򲻿ʧֵ˵ǰĻҪǶǱһܱһܱطǴݣεıԱþҪǵԴ
һŵĻŵùɫӲ԰˼֡ŵıʿðղ֪ȥʲôˣҪԴĻǻ治ֹ˵˵ѣ
šĻ˼ǲǣطսܵϢ˳һеʲô⣬ξСࣿ
ǹٳôõˣı¶һɻ󲻶ĿʿתתȥʿһЦֱ˵ӵĻϸ磬Ϊֵܷˣֵ⻹Ϊߣɰܻƽˡ˱Щʲôֵۣܸô꣬£ҲԹ£ߵһȥҲۡ˸űгкȨֵܾΪЩŲȨλ˱߰ô󣬻ҪǰУµǳһɽˣ
˵գһ֣תСֵ֡ĻѾ㣬ཱུẓ́Ҫêͷβվֻǹ֡ʿת˫ַߣþƽ󺰣֣ǰ¶ʮʮ֮ǰ˳һб䣬˵ʲôҲҪס˳һ򲻿ʧ
һ飬Ҳ˻ȥʮǰʲôʣ
ʿȴٲشת˴ա
һ˵ȣɵɵĿСû˷εСİХÿϣǱ䡣
֣ںϻһֱϵĺߣֱѼ̽ڲԶɽ֮ǰĻִܵ
ٺĵطһ֧ӴĽӺʹţȻ෴ķֱ˴壡Ҳ֮ǰܵǿ纣ϮĿĵأ

ãǩѺ͵һ±߿Ϳūûһۡͳ˽
ǩѺѾۼǰµıԱͣס˶ֻǿūֱֱĳ
¶ڹ棬ѾʰԼլ鷿ľɥ̬ׯŹġūڽҲһԣôˣ
ūɫ࣬һӣȥ
ղ󳼣죬Ůݡһ㱱ûиҺаġūţҲ뱱ôһ˶ڨڨ׼˳ȥ
ȴһĹȣԣôôҵǩѺҲֵĵطƢطȥҪ˵ʲô
Щȫվסֲǣֲǣ˵Ρ˭֪ŮһʲôҲҪǵԱ
ūɨһۣۡ棺͢Ϊʲôۡ˵׼࣬Ҷ־Ա뿪ƽǰ½·ؾ鴦ãѵ׼ɥĵ⣿
ɫ䣬ۡҴҿۣİң
ūЦһ۲ģ
Ѿһ仰Ҳ˵ūڶĿȻһ֣ãڰ㳯·ưò֪飬
ָһȦҧҲǣ壡ʮ꣬ѾβơʲôĿǣҲΩдȫӴûγһɺϡǾȫİɣûЩȵ֧֣еðۣ֮ûǵ֧֣ܴӡ˾ԱõõĹطֻҲһֻ۱һֹۣȴûֹˣãǹս
˵գ͵ķ䣬תҪߡ
ȥԣ
ūڻ׿ЦãѾĺأ˾͸ȥˡ˽˽꣬ⱲҶòֻȥһΪ֮²һˣֻԱ£
סɫ԰ף͵͵ԣҸִɣӢĵģʱ䵽ƽˣ벻ˡһһͷʲô
ū΢Ц֣һҾأתС
ǩѺһƬ²԰һݹģ·һ糣ݹ꣬ͻȻ۵һѪ˳ЩϢıæӿϣãã
ȴѪһվ죺úúá³ɾ˱ҲڱǺԲǺð


ʮ ʱ
Ԫһ˾꣬¶ʮա
һŵĻڻҡڿڷƽȫλҩֱڵŵĵȺװ˸һΰԲɽأ߻ǹһȦ²ʮܣıȫãָͷֶڻǹ棬ϢĵȺ
һ߽һľڱβڱβλɽͷ˸ǧ׵ֱ߾룬мȫڵԶԽսȫ۵ס
ڱβѾڵȺ򣬼üһáһ񡣳ݣ¹ʹ٣ɲıڵȺ󹥻ķ
Ѿ磬ȴȻŢ̫𣬱ս渡Ѿɢ
ʱǹ˵ˣڱҲֱ˾ܴţԶڻڻûӰأͨѶ۲⣬ܣЩȫûСڱĿеľ룬߻ǹеľԶȥҲڵʦŶ߶ŸߵعʱǵڱΪʲôᱻѹƵԭˡ
õܼȣʱ֧Ԯӣʵ൱ã
ʮɽҰڣʮܻǹŵ˸ʦŲвѾǸ㣡
Ǳ߻ûʲôĶ򴫹ʵκ⣬ϱɽֱ֮ͨ佻ͨ㣬ҲΪʲôʦűֱֱڶԭ򡪡ػأͱ󲿶ӷһǧףȫûе·ɽأʧȥȥʲôػأҲˡв
Ҳԭûߵ籨ûе绰ʱߵϢ봫ûйڵ鱨ÿ죬Ͼںƽˮ籨ߡ
һԶĬĬĿǰ˫ס˺սӲ֪Ϊʲôȴתطȥʦţ߻άסĻȫ̽Իˡƽ˶磬սڳʣҲתսڣһһѣ
ٲõĺ·жϣӾٴӴͬǱ߷ֳһ֧½ӳҲˣƽݣɽٵѼ̽ڽڻڽڵֿСܺӺĶãһ뼯ƽһ뼯ڰһ϶û⡣Ǯô࣬һ붼˴Щս棡
Ϊ˾ȡսıһпԵıϧԼһЩӲӦҲգȡ⾡תƱʱ䣡
С˸һˣҲǸɽػ˭㣬Լȡߵͻƣǽֻǰܵôңýɴʦһѳᣬȫʿ
ءӳȫ㡣

ͬһʱ䡣
ʮС崩峿һ˴廨԰ڵ̲Ϳ档
廹δͣȣװվٱѾȵձһξͷײž״ʿҲ¡¡һš
أ̤ˣʱҲֵˣ
ڶڵһʦֱӵһжӴξжӳСžѾᡣͷɢ֮ĺϣ˴ε½սվӴŵӰѾɱ档Ѳ󽢣ڽѲҷֻڷ׷׻ˣʿϵָСͧ档ǲ´ϣˮѾͷغһ˵½վʿȥˡ
ϣһһͧӣ
ϽڻԵһʦΪǸɵĴţںê˼֮ԤĿ壡
Сξľ٣֪ڴͬêسɼԭɽزӵĲ״ڻסڶ˾ٴɽңǼͨ󡣴ɽҴ󽫺ʹӪݺݵļִ˼죬˴ӪڲۡǵڶǼ幥սתͬ½ȥԮɽ󣬻ƽ
ڱٲǿѹڶ幥սȡÿ͢սձûڳʴһսҲǴӪսĿ꣡
½ǿǽǣһ幥ս˳Ҳֿɳ֮ʦȡ൱ս½ͱҪתôͬ½Կ֮Ϊ½棡
½˵ϣٲҲֻǿͬ⡣ĵͨ󣬾͵˼ʱ䡣幥սٶȷʱϵɽңµײ٣ͶһݵġӴ󽢶Ӵͣêأʼձܣ⼸ʱ䣬ʵĻѾǿ˴һķˣӪͨôЩӣ˳ϣѾ½˼ʮӪıֻһ½Ҫ⵽൱̶ȵĵֿ
Сξͦӣڷˮ̵УһƬУĵģ͵̲ͿӵһΪǷˮ͵ɣΪ߲ûоڻ֧Ԯһʦ£ָЩѡľ͵Ĳס½Ҳ׼ֱǽŲ̤Ϻ̲Ȼûһǹ
Сξѣβ̶һ˲ʹʿϽǸղſ̲ͿСģǵ½һӣʹŰʿ͵̲Ϳһȥ鱨һפųƽʤӪһӪǽݣͳ˳ɳפزӣװǹ½ӪšȻһ㶯ûУһǿͶ½ž޴в
վʿղǹƴȥ̲ͿǵĽŲôҲ첻ÿת֮䶼󺹣׵ľ·ôҲܲꡣ
Сξǰ棬úʹһÿ˰ɣÿ˰ɣ˵Ƿˮ½ǽźڻӦôѾ½ҷǸֿ˰ɣ
Ҳǰĵ۹ʿ
Сȴǹʼû𣬰ձʿһĳ⴦ꡣ֮żܵúúõӪڣҩ߰Ķǽһ룬б洦мľͷݶӪĻڣӪ֣ҩװõǣ̧Զһ£ͿٸӰҷ׷׵ĽݷӶݣٵǰ棬ʧڵƽԶˡ
⼸ٽʤһǹûţڿվӰ󣬺ԥȾˣ
ϸѵСǰʿʶĶ׹ڵأǹ趨ߣ͵Сһ£Ի׷Сξ־ڿУβſЦõķ˾׼ȴôһʱֱ˷ӵŸʿ𣺡ϴźţ½½ȫ޿ս֮

ʣԪɽۡ¶ʮ峿
ǹûжϾʱԪɽ⺣Ҳ绨԰⺣һľʮұֱĴţڲ˷ˮʡۿѾȫΪվƣ֧һֱԼ쵽ʣƽһֱԪɽȫޱ
վ£ͷ˷һڸɻ½ϣҹûϢӵĲѾ½Ҳʼˣϲ͹̫ҹҲڵ½ָ½
ӴӵվѾʼᣬ𹮹ءȻûڱأǻǷڽġҹɧŷǹͼǣǵ½ʣҲٶҹͨˣ
һҹϲ͹̫۾ͨ졣һѵҩ棬Ųı㱨½
£ʮգҵʦͿȫ½ǰǰ
̫ĵͷ첵ʦţѾ漣ٶˡʦΪԮɽѾԼŬ
ϲȴüͷ̫ˡ
̫Ŀϲʮĺ½ǰһصĶսߣʦжĻôҲҪʮԺȥˣһӵ½Ϣתʮ˾źҲԵǼʶһķӦٶȣıͱ˺ǣǲܸӦʱ䣬߽Ǵƣ
ָô죿ҵݱţѾԼŬ
ϲƣգգ۾Ѿ½ôװ׵װǹǰ֮ڣҾ˵һĲǰ
ƽô
ˣһݣжһ·ڳһ֮أ
ݣƽ
ǴӪΪӪ½Ļųʦŵ½ԪɽĴϲĻش
̫ɫ࣬ĽͣʦŵĲҰܣǲܼӲǿһƽˣ֪ûбһҪֻҪڳսϣضĺ·ԮòֻҪսһ̬ƣΪڶԤĵڶʦţҲڴͬ½׽һ飡ٸȻǿмƶ幥սۣΪʳ½սʱҲõڶʦż볯ս½ųʦŵѡΪˣǲű빥԰ݣҲҸʦԪɽȫԭ򣡡
ϲ£̫ɫѾתΪ԰ףֶ૵ĵҪӪҪ½ı
㡣ϲɫ
ǶĲ£һߣ鱨Ҳǻʿڻǰҩ㣬ʿɵءһ£һתȴǵǲҰܣ
ϲķΪʿͳ˧ǻٸº½ͬҵļƻٸŻ漣ҲŻ漣սǵ۹һĲѵΪһһı۹ˣս֣ԶȻսƽǱһУ
̧̫ͷ±鲼ݱţЩĬձʿھŬһЩһЩʮ֮ձѾȫȥˡ
Ͼ˽Ӫ֮⣬һҪͻݲӣɱ졣
ϲһЦվĹ̫ɵļ򣺡ҺһĶԹҵ뿪ǵʱͿʼˣҺڳʾһɣʤģҲȻǴձ۹

Ȱ濪˫ȣվڱ֮ǰǰ˸
ЩӣվѾܵǵĹ£ˮĺǰ¹ΣһڳսǽҲ鲼㣬Ը֧Ԯǵߡ棬ϡɱݹ£ձ˿ǾĴսˡ
ܲľǣڻ֧Ԯôأȴû㹻ʱ䣡ƻϰɨƽǽ㣬Щڲߵĳǽϴȱڳû㹻ĵҩû㹻Ļ׼ʱ䣬
ûйڣҩȻƴͣǻ֧ŹҪӴҩڻ׼ʱҲרҵڱٵ۹⣬ҪһĿ꣬ҪϵĹڣҪãֱϰ󲿷֣𣬽ǽ̮ȻձӵҲԶƲҪ£ҪĶͬһûУ
ڱظǧ׼ľӡʣӽһʼԣҪٳǰ档ϲЩСӡûкͶ˴Щнֱ۾ҫĶˣȴǰδ
ŷ޵˳ӿʱʼһֱھδͣϢҶӿֳ˱ӢۣʱҲֵ֮ˣ֪ЩһеãҲϣǲҪ̫ҡ
ʧȥˣڰµҲСĸĳֻǷһ˻ǿ໥Эȡöλ֮Ѹٳ˶û뵽ȴôһŶӣ
ҲֱҵһǲǣϾѧҪġһ͵Ļشһ䣺Ǽﲨأ
ʱֻпеĻʱۼҪָ˰˵档߻Լָλãִһڳָ죬߸߾ڿУһͣ٣͵Ļ£ʿǣʹǵȫֱĩգ
ʮɽҰɵȺ͵ͬʱ¶ž׵ת֮䣬վ˸ظʯ
ʱ򣬳½ƽЭͳҲһҲڹսУսĶʿ٣죬ʿǶ̲סʶĵͷȴԼͬĴսֱǰ½ƽҲһԱ
˸ƬƬ⣬ڵըƬ籩һϯվء¹ϰĲƬ·裬ˮʮ׸ߣͷשʯֱµת˲սߣһʼܿͷȥڣȻתۼ䱻ߡžͽģ
͵Ļ֣
ߵĻǹͻȻĶţһĻǹصһкȥ߻ǹսĻǹӵһĳˢվأرһЩϵĻǹأֱõ긲վĳͷʮĵת˲ʹͷһÿܻǹжʮ滹ʱͣڵĻ׼Ҫü
ڻȻںУ·ûͣЪʱ򣬻ǹѾˮڣͣսϣ䡣
ȻֻںͻǹĻ׼ܶȣȻѵĸо
СʱĻ׼ֺ̣ܳܶһ¾͹ȥˡս˴ʱһڻȻֹղȴһǹܵĻǹּӱĺ
ռ̶·ߣ糱һĴ󡣻ǹ·֮Ŀյأǲĳ·
½ƽһָ죬ĻԶϴһź졣ĲڵϣΪ·ָӣͬʱ۸ߺǰ
ʿĳת۾ʹѧúƽƽ죬Բݱ˵ʲôлΪԶΪ˵˴ˣҲҪӣ
Ǿٷʿ֪˭һѽסһþͽˤ˺´ˣĻᣡ
½ƽֻӽ裬ƿڴҪվղûаסһнһŷӾ͹ˣһ·ӣְ˽ŵĽס߽ЭٱԴԴӿɳ½ƽһڵĿںѾ쳹սǰ
о٣ǰ棡
ڻǹ·ڻ£һ˸棬ҲǸղڻݵĵط¹Ѿ䣬ǽҲáһسǽ¶Ŀӣز׸ߣשѾ̮ˣӲĺҲ¶ˡ
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¹ϣǹŵʬ壬Ǹ˻ͷԽеľѾʼ֯ͷǹʼ䡣ʱ¹½Ľ̷ͺڵطսǰ棬ܼĲǹϢֵĻߡҲϸ巢ʽʽǹҲԶֵϴﵥ
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վʱͷĻʼ䣬طıҲ˶ܺĹٱۣھָ£ʿŵ͵Կϸִн̷ǰûϢ֣ҸղôĳҲû˽һȥȺҲɢˣγо޴ܼɢߡ
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½ƽİţʱҲֻսͻˣͻˣЭĵЭ
שͻȻ˸ŵĳǽϣʮשͬʱ¡¶ߺɭɭڿڣשĺͱͿգŻھ
ʱ·ͣһ£žڵХȺܼıըڵɢѿХŵС飡⼸ߵ˷Ӧʱ䶼ûУ
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ڵĳ½ƽѾ˫Ѫ죬ƴĽԵƿԤĽҲѾ˳أ
½ƽȥ۴սˣٰż

һڱβڣ˶ԶһսҲ˳½ƽĺҡͷѴ죬Сõúãȳɣס½ƽû׼֮󣬽ٹ
ܲƻǲ۲۵սָӵһˡһӲôϣҶûɫ࣬Ҫȥ˵Ҫ˵ĺҲᴵ졣
һҲԶ̫пˣ۵øζҪ΢еʲôһ֮Щȣ΢ɿôƵýЩֽӵܣ󣬴ӱѼ꣬˵
Զδŵʱ򣬾ͿһڵһߣѾͦһ֧ǹһѴ̵Եе쳹սߣսˣǴʧܵģ
ƣУѾͷ˹ˮûĺУһֱεһսڣô̵ݺݵھЩҪ̤㣬ȥĵ·
ľԽڶ׷ȥʿǽŸϣںϼԻ֧Ԯ⣬֪жȥ̵£˫֣ϵĶˡ˶Զɴ۾һСֹ˴Ŵ졣½ƽѾ϶飬ʼ֯
˵Щçײ嶯ıȷһǵģӽʼǴʤʤκһִľ٣ֹ
һҪ첻ʱڹ˸ЩȻֱսԾΪΣҲܸоιֻһǰ΢һҲҪʤԼУǴӸһֽձʦţնѫǣԸȥ
ĿŽٱںٳһ̤ĵطˮŲǹ̵ײսڣҵⲫֱվصĻڳĬˣҲ֪Ǵ󼸷ڵǱסˡ
ȷԶ䵭ˣʮĺſ˸
һشҲƽ壺֪
°ͣߵľƲ֪ˣϢûرվûпʼԺڷ𹥻ƽٴҲû鱨ı
е㼥ڽԵаƴʱ䡭ݣˡڣڸʲôΪʲôľڽţæƴЩ˵ڸʲô˳ȾͲֿ̣ҸԤԣֻҪձһ½ڣЩһֻбôͲܸɵأ
һش𣺡ɧã
ʱû˰ɢɫδй濴һˣʱֻˣͶʱ򣬸ϵӣǶڵţ
һҲԶݵĿҲͶ˹ڳĲıöĵ¹ʾٶ˹
һɫҲ˵֣أҲֻһ仰ʱ

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ܴʲôǶȣҶڵȺʴݵϢ
ͬһ죬ʦҲһĶ߲װͦ
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ȥͻȴһҲ֪ӵĻģ½ƽɤʣڼ㣿
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壬ǽ֧ǿһˣ˭ܴҵ
ԽԽֱʣҹգͨ졣ձ˻ûһӳ·ĹΪķسսʤ߿ձ˵ǿֻеľ
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һԶԶɽڱβҲһУ²ıȫڻĻ֮£ÿͬһܡڳʵɽ֮ϡ
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һֱԹ۵Ŀ״ȥ¹Ͼһ֣񣺡£ϲŷޣҲһƯļս£ձ۹ĳʹԣѾһǯӣΪµڳʣӮ˱ս
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֪һΰʤ黹˵أǲ֪ǹЩˣŪıж󡭡
סڣҳصɡ濴ȥҹɫͳս˲ءǡҲòãȻԽܣ·ԼߵԽ˳ڸϣڹսʱҲҪ΢Ӱɣ
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Ԭһıʱ䳰䡣һ㹫£ԬЦҲǲסҡͷ
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һԬһһҲȨıȻֲǺܴ󡣵Ķǵʱƹĵ磬ףǱǺһ㡣һĵҲĿһǿ԰æõ⣬ҲżӷȨá
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ʮգվѾڴ½վƣʣͦ
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һϣѾǾԵ·ˡǴ׼ھʦֱƽԭĵֿΪֹǵڶѻƬսУʵڲڳӢ½֮һ̵ľܳеȥˡΣҲָܼǿȥ
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ǰʱ䳯͢Ǵһ£׼µЦʱ򶼻ֽţһĵ籨ȥ±ס˳
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Ԭ˶һۣǿЦ˶Ǵӱģ֪һϵе˵һ㶼šһĶĶľƾܳסǱȴǴһ·һ·
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Ԭǣɫ˵棺ҲȻг㡣ҵĵǣԽ͢Խʹӣ
ҲǴˣô֪ܲԬ˼룬ɵҡͷɡƽô֣Ǳ֡ٶز͸ûˡǹսǳ͢Ǳ򲻻Իٳǵ²ߣ
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Եʱͨžѥ졣ֱһӪ٣ڶ߻ĳ±˽
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鱨ԬԲҵ飬ͺǣҪԷǰߣر
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ڵִƽʱʱ䵹Ƶһǰ
Ҷ־ˣǲֻ뿪ƽġͬеģʮӵܳ䵱ĸʲЩں˧ģµطҲ첻ȥЩĸģʮԸʿľ١һǻͷӣǱսΣǱվƵˣλпԿ˿۵սãҲòԼԴ
ЩԸʿЧľǣһĶʿɵָʾȥɡһѵѧٻҪеطءһʼ͢ǾǰЧһﶼһƽ˳ӡ⼸˳ԷٵнǲǷˡЩһһᣬƽеĳԾͳԣе˯˯ˣȥҺݣȥݣ
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һ·ǳü뱲ӻ֪ҪЩܱƽ֪գο໹Ҫͷȡ
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ۼ͸ϳ˶·뿪˽ڳʿƵΧҶ־Ҳ۵ᱳʹЩľټֱЩӣͿݶˣ˵ƣûгŮǩӴ̻С¡ҴӺһ·ӹҲûпظλù㣻޵ĴˣȻһǰҲˣ
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ҲǿЦͬһ·ʱҲࡣ
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Ҷ־ЦôСٻʲô۵ģЩܾ֮ԵİžܣҲԾĴһˡ
ǧ˱ϵһ·ܣһЩһ־͵ס˹ӣ˵ʦźɽǸΧסˡԶ
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ЩĲбܽĿԶȥ֮Ҷ־ŵתͷ߰ɡǵصǹǵĶľţ
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ʲǰ棬ΨһһԺӡҲ֪ԭŻǸʱĳ˹ȥطЪ
ſڣȴһʿվˣĺŹӣһںڵǹָǣ
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ȵľЩ˵Ҫǰôңڳ˲˵ģС㽻
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󻴾ѾݵһƬе˻ǡ÷񫣬һƬ
ʿɫ԰ףһ·ΣҲԲסˡûа׷ѣ˵絽ɽ졣ɨЩһһۣǺ޲öһˣҪǣߵôһΪ˱壬Ūˣôһ·һһ·ʤȥǰգ
Ҷ࣬ҪҴô
̧ͷҲǱģ۾ų־ϲĹâүԸǻ᣿
ʿ͵һ֣˵ܱܲס׼ͿԼˣ

۵һȴƵϵ̨ϣȫīˮʱȴȻ˫ֳӣҶһȴǺ£˫۵Уֻܿŭ
㣬ңǻĺడˣôز
һǸʱգΪԪϵʧƶ֮ڿսУΪһԥԥҪˮĺ飬ͳ鷿СѾı˵ʱյУȴȫĵĺһоҪʿǰǺԼὫ˺飡
һ糾ɫίٵ棬һ仰Ҳ˵ԬɫҲ籩꽫٣
µŮȻðգܵƽһ˵Ϣ
ʿٽµ壬볯͢Ҷ־ȥ鴦ǺԬʱûһ¶Щһ죬ЩʡüǡҲûƾЩһֳʲôӳҪսѪ£Ӻһ·
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վʦѾ½Ԫɽ˰Ҫǻÿ棬վֱƽҪҲ£ƽǣвٱر㹻һʦҲ㣬˵ԻƵʦš
ǺԬǱˣ˶뵽һطݣվĻͻŶ߾޴ȱڣת򱱹ݡȫжϽ·ڴͬһһڳʵȫսȨʹաֻҪһһʱֳ岻һߵĻһ֧Ψһս֮£˭֪ձ˻᲻ת棬ѸԮʣתڴͬڵ½·׽
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Ԭһ֣ҪţٳŵʱȴͷɫȻһۣ֣Ϊʲô籨ǣһӦʱ䣿
ڿЦҡͷõŮܶءôȥ籨ַ˶ӣϢһȥûˣҲٱӵ
ԬһЦҲûˡ
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Ԭͷ죬ĬȻһ¿ЦԸܸͤ˵Ķܵһ¶һеʱ䣡أɷ嶦ʳ嶦룡ˣԬڰݵ
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ĬȻΣתͷڣʵ֣˴ǰ˵ʲôô
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վñֱȻǾŰɣ׼ؾ棬˭Ҳѹˡǿ


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΢Цû·ֻǰΪⳡʤݱ˳Խ弫޵Ŭ۹ʷᵱеģ

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ﴭŴѾˣëƬ͸ʪ·ȥ͵õˡ
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Ľ˵ÿﶼģٶҲӿ࣬ЩٱƥëƬϣЩԵսָܿǿ㵽Ŀĵء
Ԭ򶫿ͤҪȡʱ䣡ĬĬף䣬תͷϣˣԬοˣһҵͶϣǧҪԬʧ

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ӣǧٱ羪κһ㣬ĳŴɽһߣضŹٵأһˣһôڶʱٳ岻ǰߣǾֻеźӸشǵȵʦźһıҲõˣʱֻһֶȻѾĲֵزôҲֻжȥ
ǧٱǿо㣬ǿҲ˿ˣڽˣڽڼѵǰʿɲȻڻسƸսڴϲ˿һɻƵĶ֡
ԻսʦŻڸ߸ͽʱѾ˴ӪΪӪ½ĻųĴϲȻҲϸжһй󲿣Ǳой;ͨ
Ƿݱ滹ѾΪձɽһһдģҲؽܸǵ۹Чˡ
һȺһȺд棨Ӫơ˹עţЯıȫëɪǹǹǹضɢΪ桭ǾõĶɢһл쿪𣬿ΪûһǵĶεбһߣûԤӡǳΪԤӵģǾָӹٵĻɢߵĺ׵λϡȴʱԤˣɢӡҲǲҲǲڲ룬ҲʱϰкܴĲ죬ӵͷͨﵽԶľ롣ǲõεӲù䣬䣬һվǾΪ˱ֶε룬ǿľգǺܿͻֹͣˡֻʿмᶨ׵ǵҾڸΪ׾ӣƽ̵ʱÿζתһ⡭ժ˹꾮սǡ1955лְ棬ѧ롪˹ע
ϲĺȦѾˣ촽ҲսȾø壬Զһ׿սϣֻﲻϵĬͱɽı档ǽ죬ۼ˼ͻƵͷʿȴѾ֪ȫͬ
վѾ߾ŬǷӶ͵Ĺٱƣ͸֧һһĳ档ʿѧս䣬籨˵ףվ˵ǰʱ򣬾ȻҲᶨˣô̵ô󵶣ǻսһţһδεĽΪͻƵĵʦӵ¹ٱȥ
ԶӳĿһͻȥĹٱǱսˡɱҽӵ춯һŶӵСٻ§һվξξľĸСٵĿĲӣ˹ɽµһѾһ
Ҳûпǿĵֿ
ɣɣϲ־ҵĶţĵźĻȴվս˴ˣѪȻסźվΪ֮һ٣žͿһ߾վʬ屻˳žǲǹּںϣкŵ꣬Ӫڣʹûֹͣ
һڵԶԶӹ̵ľͷرը̳˴ϲ̾һЩıǶŷԶĿ⿴Ȼһн´ʲôӼ𹥻ʮӵĵأ
ʵĴһֱȺĴӳγʽָӵĺţۣһʿı㲽ս

սߵһͷʿɶϣҲֻףͶǵߵĺ棡
ڱ󣬳״ƮߵĴǡٱᶽͷƷұѪܵһд֡ʿڴˣ
Ÿʲѹ˰ӣŹͷվһţһųӣٳѪܵͷЩʲǰ棬һľ䣬ǣľŰ˳ɫĹȫʮһ󶧵ġ
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ʿɻվ𣬿Լֶľ٣ӹһˣ͢ʿҺԼֵܣεգҲûʲô˵ġΣΪˣΪ͢һΣСģ˵ǻص˺Ϸʱϼôôӣл꣡㰲·
˵һ֣ʲһһڹ䣬һ£Ǹʲͳסıӣһʱһ£Ѫ
ʿɿҲȻصͷʬףԻŵǼѺӽıʹӪͶǧҪֵģԼᣡ
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˭Ҳû뵽ʿɺֶӻҲû˵䣬ˮƶûУ˵Ϳˣ
ͶһۣٿͷſڵϿһͷ̧ͷЦţϣ˵ʲôӣҲײġ»رӪ٣㣬ټڣɱ˹ӣ׬ģӪٻлҪ»رӪ棬սĲˣӻڳŵЩԮ
ʿһͷԼױӪѾˣȫȥԶǹֽһƮ̧ͷͷ죬һЦ͵֣ŹͷĸʲȻӦǣʿһƤֳһ֧ǹȥ
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ʿɷסǵĸ첲˶һֻۣ̹ȻʿһЦƴ֦ұסûǶʮˣλֵܷģʿڣôҲصʮգӹ֧

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˭֪ʿȻôӲڴϵȫ̹㵱УЩʱһĻΪ˲ϵͳһսʱҲͻˣֹ۵ҲֻҪһ졣ܣӾͿڰʮǰϮռݣʱһϵʦʣӺصҩҲϵˡÿڻǵĺ·ͲĽһжڳʡˮ··ȫϾ
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˭֪ǸɱһʿΪЧģ֪Ϊռռƻʧܵģ֪ΪʲôʼվͲǸëͷСӵĶ֣
ǵ͵ۣžԽԽ
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Ȿǵ۹ϵ˵Ĺ֮սûаգֻƾǵľģһԶԶǣϲĹԣϵĻսĹԣ֤һ㣡࣬ǲҾ½Ķ֣ǵĲԾս֣ս˴ʹĽⳡ֮ս
һأʿأ
Щ׳ԽԽԶڴϲߵĵųٽһֱڱ۾ԲȻʮӶţ֧ʦɳ֧ͦҲ֧ӣɴϲڣȾû¹һ¾ٳЦΪľż١
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תȻָӵĴϲһͷ£֧ǽˣɸһԶ
ϲһţֻõսɥʧȥһĵʦţǷֵܹһʦһȫûйһս鱨ʶԶ˺ǵľ飬ܵʱһŽǰ
ǾҲĲʡȥȫ˵ʦţƾһʦţ޿ȡʵսȨʱվҪǿһȥҪӰսԲ֣ӰĴձҲĲ
һһճô͸۹ﱸʮĹ֮ս˶ıϱûʲôǿϮѾԼһǰ̣ʧˣٲҪ½дˣпܱǿƽۡʱ޷Ǿһ߲Խ⡣
ǡմϣѵⳡˣձǸѾ۾ᶫǧǿڣ񿴹ʹͬһ漣ɣǸٸ¼ᶨΪģսȻֵ漣ٸô˽ˣжʧģ
˶ڿŴϲʱһһţɽ罫𳶵ọ̶́⾲ĬУҲԽԽ
ͻȻ֮䣬ٻ˶žͿż¼߹һЩǴӵġȻʿ棬ЩʢĲвѧϣǾصĲҲ߱󲿶ӹ˶̫ˣֻҪͿԻһǵĹֵΣܽд󲿶ӵĹս
ʢϾаǧˣչ֮󣬵ѾƣҪԱˡɳӾ仴Ķ򣬾ǧûսʢʱӲҲܲˣ
٣ǴЩӣͲֽӴʱģ
Ѿɫ㲼ƣ˼㣬㶼˺˶̿㡣Ǵϲٵϣ־ϲֲŵɫ
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رڽĵʱ·ûȫ޺áǱ꣬ʯûиϾʱʱǻһ΢Ҫʹó̫ϾڽļҰһʱ̬ޱȼܳжôƣ࣬Ȼôӣ·밴깤
ʱҲſһĸհԶû·֮ڣǸˣȫѪҲݣ
·иһɱŴƽǳ;ϮЭ֮ʿ·Ȼߵüޱȡ
ʲôһ·
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һҲڶеУһչҲ˺ʿһİȣѵҲڳɽΧȫʿЩӵܶղҲһһߵý·ҵĽŲͽסӿ˼֡
˭Ҳ֪һߵп죬ǰһܵӣжĿͶû⣬Դη˵ĶĻһҲӮʿǸзܵĻش
˶ˣǽ죬ͣ賿һ·ӪϢһͣľߣÿоСʱʮӵСϢзұ߱߳ԸѾǴ߰˵ˣԤƻɽͷ˳Ϣһӵ㣬ŻҪߵ賿ӪϢ
һֻԼŵµѪˣճһ飬ÿһʹģһĽݵʱһҪµһֱŵĸʲͳµ߹æķסԼ˧ˤԱ߷ʿһɧӾٰžñҪܹ
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Χҧнʿǵ͵͵һЦǰǶһ𾴾ηЧһ·תһһоһɽһиˤһӮõȴȫȫİ
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ЦǵɽȥʱڴǴĶֻҪҵָˣ
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תһϲˣ׼ˣһûǰ洫һ˺˻ž׹䣬ˤȵ׵Ĳ˻ҹɫдúԶ
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縡ϲվɽظߴȴֻǰһ󷢺ڡ
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ҹɫУǹʼû졣
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˵ȴһҲ˵ֻĳЩıǾϹ
˺ң£Щʱľˣֺңⳡս£

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ʲѾԡѪŲǹվǶƴʿ뿪ʿ˫Ŀࡣ̾ߴԶ
ɱԽԽߵĵֿȴԽԽʿҵĳӴӲƹֻƽһ߿϶ʿվʿֳɵͣסŲȥһǰŻվ
ʿɴĿǰһУôҲ֪Ϊʲôһҹ֮䣬һжת˹ǧסƹӵͷŵϵɵĻ˰ǧʢɡһֻɵĲҲһͬʣûа֮ս֮ǰЩ˭ǿڿмһӦЧģ
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ǹѾƽϢʢ˵춯ȴԽԽ
һʿųһƤСñ˼ĿԶʿߣɫӵҶ־
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ˣ̵״ʲôʱꣿôҡ
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Ҳͷһˣ廹Ǻö˶˵ģֻҪǱʼղҹ飡ģôʲô

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Ҫлһ񾭲ġһ֧ʧȥĲӣȥվƴһ
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ߵеģǴӶͬװͦһ֧վӣӶǵʦʦų̫нĲǵʦŵĵʮ˷ӣʦŽڣϽĸӣݵӣŵʮӣڵʮӣ縷ʮӣ
֧ӣͬװֻͦ棬ŵֻͦǶһ㵯ҩͬߵƣ֣ǧˡѾǳԤϣرѾͻƿڣһǿһֵʱ
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Ŵϲ׿һ֣˹ݺݵĴԼ򣬹̫Ҳκ룬ѵ
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룬Ҫڣ˵ʲô˲˵һֻԼ˵
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ɷ򲻿һȨ˵ÿ춼ɱˣһŮ󹬣ȨָĻĳʱһϣͿԸıһ壬ˣһ˵ʱ̣
ָо൱֮
ŻЦվǧƣó̵´ɽڲ֪ûǧˣЭǧսЭǧǾ㵽˰ΣֻҪһʱ䣬Ǿ׷ǵβͣǴȫ𣡡
ӻľȻݣŷ֮ɱһ΢΢е죬ͷȥӢһϴŵĶǼڽЦݡ
ˣɡҶԽսӲɣҲ˶Ųɣ
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һǹãЦΪʲôҪǣǻƴսҾͺһ𰡣ôλӳ϶
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ӰݳͷӹͰĳͷ棬ûһһټֻһ趯
һ͵ĳСǣǽͰ֮СǵλͲҪǳ̾һССؼࡣʵطƣ¸ĸλƽеģݼȲг߾뱱ƽе룬Ǵ󸮴еء
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ǰطг߾Զ̫г߾ˣ·ܻܵĸע⣬̫ƽԶˣӦ
Ϊˣȥһ꣬ԴԴϵȵͬڣһƽжأһ˳Ŵͬʣһ룬óͣͨͬʹ֮ˮǺܴСˮ·תˡΧٳͨ˴ıΧҰ͸Щﲻģʵĳȳ˰׵ءССؼ֮أһﴢ˼ʳӵ෢ڵװеʲڳ⣬ǲֿ⣬ƽһǨߡʱפĸӪǧˣĵط̵Ĺ¡·ܻصò˵Ҳ֪öôҪ
һʼƽսôǺ˵Уһڳʱߴˣг߾ˡʾܹ׶ʦڣﵽɽСҹСҲһҹĹȫԴˮ·ʦϵ½ӣڵĺûҹѲ߷ôһƬļˮƽźߣת˵Ѽ̽ڣҲʡһٹ
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һһ߽ʿɵ˴ɽڻݶ棬Լڰݿһ޽˷أ䱸൱ĻǹϵӪվܵ½зءƽ֮ʱעﶯ
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ѧԭȡսʲôģǸԵĶ˵ףʿļѵٿһ㣬ֶѡսȨȴһȴҲ
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սµĽ㣬ڰݣһǷл֮Ƿսʤһ֣ʿܷɹ׮׮ֱⳡսµˣǰעС֮ϣ

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ʱڹ̫зڵģȻ˼ĬȻٶȻ񣬵ͷ˶ȥݽĺСɺɫĳͣٵӿ

Ӵҷ׷׵ߵУ˺˻һšȻԤĳˣʢʿɣΪŰѾһ൱ĵزٴεǰӱһж˱ٶȵĹסʿ˶ͷӣžװһ·һ·
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鵱У˵һֱûͣЪǡ
ܣʲôܣXģ˵˽ӦгкȣʲôûƼ
ʲôء浽ݣЩҪԵģ
ǹôõĵƣ涥ţ治ˣӺһ·ܹһ֣ܣܲǲǣ
ٵûģ˵ͷܣǻʲô£һ§ֳҲ̣
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ЩģʿҶ־󱦹ˡҶ־󱦹һĻɫʿȴĿ⾼ֻ촽Ͽǰ·
ܣҲ֮ܳΪˣҶΪһǿһҶ־ǿˣʿ˵ʲôһˣʢг߾ǻͳ֧ô˵⻹һ֧ô
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ҲܺʿҾֶôļҵڱϵڡúǳԱȫأ˻еԼʲôҽȥˣҲǱһǷ̨ЧЧãܻؼҵҲð
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ſЩľٶֱ̧ͷǰ֮ǰݵͰĳǽƮĽġڷצӵĲ֪ΪʲôҶ־ԽĻ٣ƺñһһ㣬ĵĴԴ
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Ѿҷ׷׵ֱݳ±ȥôãֶݳǺôЪԵ㣬ϵ£ǡתۼҵĴӾͱ˺ǰƺһ˵ĳͷҷ׷׵¡
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ǧʢϢųŻ򿪣ǰٱӿſڲɹƽ˲ǹֹЩš
˵ЩȥҲȥˣղ֮侲Ųԣһǵ˫ֵýţӿѾ뵽ôĪĳ´ɽأǵķ˭ɵӣҲٳǵĿϣ涪ˡ
ЩԷľԶһЩںͷȺҲɢһЩٶ٣вֵͬĸʲͻأվ̴ôأʿͷӮˣҪǡʿͷˣҲðǣЩ׼ڰݵֿˣҪȻһܣˬְȫοһ
ʢôһɢ⼸˾Եޱˣ
ʿм䣬ŵĿſڡﲻסڣһȥˣڰķɢòʰһЩٵЦ˼ҪԬô죿
ת˲֮䣬ͷԼ׵ˣԬӳѹѹͷ͸ĸ٣˺ͣ󲽵ľͳʿʿǰ棬ںһݡ
ʿɿĺҶ־һۣ漷һ䣺ôӣסǽǣ
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Ԭɫ󲽾߽˶ѣʿ󶨣ЦԽţѶ˵Ҫ
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˶һЩʲӦ죬ѾǹԬŵĸ͵ĽϾһ¶׹ܣ
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ͷѾܻʬ嶼ѳɽˣѪǽ֮ڣ˵ǳǽǿˡڵһǽϴССȱڡһžܷȥϴȱڴʬ彻壬˫ʿһ
ԬҡҡλεվڳǽͿӳ֮£վ٣ڵ飬һЩŻԡѪȥվʿվ˹еУŴѪľվڶǰ棬Ҫ𹥻
ңÿ˶ɫףԭͶ֪ˣվŵľȻǼʢнǵĲǹԬͷˣȱڣ˻Ԯǵģ

ôҲͻƲ˰֧࡭
̫ɾԶһעǰСǡ
ӵԹᴩؾءͰĳǽ·þѥߵؾǺܶ࣬ȫ±Ͱܱѵָȫ涼ȱΨһȱľǵҩô˼һС棬˼ˡһ·ǰĵʦžһУȴʼ޷ͻƣ
ѵΪ˸ϵüô֧սڵȫ
Զе㲻
й̫󣬶ձ̫СȻձһй˻ڳ˯ǶôһңֻҪһϣͲձôСҿԻܣģһ·ǸѼһϵİǧʢΪһԮϣսڣƼձһĵս£һǲǸйϣ
ǴˣôʹϲһоͲ׷ѣǾƴУҲҪ΢Ʈҡϣң
ͻȻһϸ·ԼԶ˺ɱǹһϸֻս
ƺǺһһս£һֻôһˣǶս࣬ձ̫Сˣ̫ˡ
г̾ȴɫһ֡¶ʱһѾڴ˴ձ٣˳Ӷײеʿһβս

ന
ǹɱѾ۳һţǰĽһӿľˣ׺ݵĻվϡ
ղŵĺڰȫָĻ˫ĵҹн֯һĴ
ܼɢһıӵ͸ȻᶨǰһվڸߴһֻǾĿǰһС
ЩоʮСʱĽЭٱǲŸϵനվսߣ
վܼһŵӵк£ڽϴ˴ССȱڣͷǰ̫ᶨһЩȱھѾϡߵ֮£Ȿ߲飬ٶҲŻһ㣬ϡԶĿ棬Կٶǰ棬˷Ͼ˲ǵָλãûжϹֻǴλãͱ˻һŵľ޴
׳пᣬǼ翪սһѾεĿֳҲδʧ˴ʱѾе޶ԣֻҪݣ˰ݣٶҲֵõĴۡҪⳡսµȨεԼУ
վֻܿһŴССǹ⡣վҲھԼŬҡǽȴһֱϣۼõһߵĴ̵վǽʮˡǰľѾʼõǹһѾһȥô̵ǣ
ȥˡվӦǰǱһߣǧ˵ĻˣվͦӣӦûеõԮؾǷֳĺ
ݲɫļжߵĲıеҲԶһڴ
Ըˡݣô죿
ͻ֮ͷӪɨڻӿֱͨ˰ݣǲ͹Ӿ
һҲ׼ԶˣԸû׸һ·
ҲһĵڣȴԶĿ濴վǽһںЩڼһð
ף
ⶫղӵСĲԲ֮һɴʹûҩĴͳսЩҩҪǮһŽڵװЩ÷׾ˣһ٣ֻܹ˼͵ʦžս߷ʿɲʢûлڣһ͸ǲЩװɫըҩķףɽطȥúܡɢ֮ǰƵò࣬ҲͼöӣʿǾ˲١ʢǵȫϣҲͬȱػվİˣ
ʮö׹£ڽеըսߵĴ͵Ķ·һҵĵͬʱŽƬĻ̳ƬҷɣɰʯڿաԶͿԿ˵֫գĶζʱҡʮöװҩķףⱬըǼľˣǰĸ̳֣ĸը÷׷ſ£ⶼʶķӦվܼ⬼һĶЩܲסӣβѾѩʼһ
ԶǧһһΣҪ
ͳµæĳϣסһһȴ͵˦ǡץصԶƴǰȥҶ־ʿ
֮Ѿִȣţţ
ºű˺ϵĴߴٹǰǱըĻңһʱƽϢ
ʱվսҲĺǽڵվٱ׷Խǽڻžľٴ£˹ͿɫӸ£ֱֱ̳ѾɢδɢըǰУȴоҲͬ۴󺰣ͦŴ̵ͷȥ
һȻǼʮǰǾ٣ʿϣҵĺ˺Ҳһ㣺սˣ
һԶѾ˵߶ײһվҪŷ׵ıըȥĲˣЭδ̣ڸ
ݣǡˣܹȥԶֶ߬ˮˣն
ݻδ䣬˫Ѿսһţ̵ڸߵƴɱһ𡣰սһһһܿավѾռһױըľ޴ɱ˺͸дĻͣͣټϾӸ³Ͷĸ˵һγɹǰ̴ٷӲûнƴȥ
翪ս¾һͷһ֮Ȱˣ⵱УѾֲСǽӵ꣬ʱ򣬳ʤܵĽЭսˣ
ǰߵĶкͱѩһڷɿڻĶйһ˽ȥ̵ƴɱ춯أһսȻһӻھվǽȥ
һվ£Ѿսҵƴɱ·һŴһ㡣
ҵĽҵĽ壬Ϊʲôֻôһ֧ҵõģֻ
վӣѾۼ־ҪɱЭȥĲռоԵıƣѾվƺͻơվĺȴʼδͣһʼδԶĿУʱںɽ棬ȴ˵һӰͬǺɫվʽǹĴ̵ڻһԽߣžǸˣƺ޾һ㣬еУһЩвı[ĸ߼ٵӰֲֳͬǹŶһ¡
վֻоսߵǵǻ൱Ԥӣ
վҲͦӷֳĺǵõԮ
ݾԶʹı۾
һ˫ۣȴҪ˺һ㣡

ݡ
վһεĹˣͷʬֶһ㣬ѪҲһ㡣ǽȴֱȥһ㡣
վ׺ݣҲܷľͻȥ˿ڣȴһ˻
Ԭڳͷ棬ڴڵĴŴһʼûȥǶʿƴֿµ´ߴٲ䵯ҩͷվȱڿͻŴ֯ȥס꽻֯ӣҲȫ˿ѪãûʲôˡĲⶫã׼˾ȫѺȥһһģйˡ
ͷϻŵʿٴʬ湰ĬĬĲņ̀˺šԬ˲̧ͷ濴һۣվжӣӴѪʿϢֻоڶǰ߶
СձҪȥˡ
УҲǣͿİɣ˭ĵù˭ԬӾͲŻ˵Ҳһǧˡǲǧ㣬ܳ弸ΣҲҲûˣٹҲһһΣʱˡһҲ˰ɣ
һУһɲҪҵǰңȫˣ
ԬǶĬĬĥԼ£ȴ潥ͷСȻǴԽԽ˽
ãǴԵ˰ɣ
˲֪٣ҪôһСƳ⣿ӴתӵĵطûУ
ܴʹ򣬲ܴߡǹˡ̫ףûǵģûûըҩǸﶼڳʣ
أʯͷԼģûȱپҲһӻ֪ҪԮءԬˣһ·ɡڳתһǹһӵܴ
Ԭˣһ·
ͷʢҲһɫֻʵĳӪ±ŲǹҲ֪Ǻã˵˵ǵ˼ʣ²ļʮٺ˼䣬ͼѹǳһѹѹĶʢѾеȺڵ˼ȻȻںĿͿʼԬˡ
Ԭ͵վǹ߹ȥһЩӿͷеɱ˼һ¾ûӰʢѾ˵ģڣҲǳˮƽӡôһƣֻ»䣡
ʢԬӰ
Ԭˣǲǲϴӣǲ갡Űѻ߰ɣ
˵ҪԮǹӹôףʲôʱ
ԬˣǱߣʢͳ˧Ǳɱعȥ
Ԭһת۾˹ûһ֧ܳʢһֶ˻ϵʢԼһˣ֮£˭һָͷҲԼȻ˶ͲĶ⣬¾ƣһϵͳĴ󹦳
һһ˵
ĶӣԼ㲻һӡԬʿʿĶڳͷǴôãò˵ʢУѾһšֵӰվһȣסڣĿⶼ
Ԭʵʲôʱˣ
֪˭Ҳشһ䣺ԬˣӵѾ賿ˣ
Ԭ۾ĬһһԬذ˸ӵ㣡㲻Ҳֲˣ
͵۾ȵǣ˴Žʱ׼ǰӲǧһڣѾ;Уʱһ¼лգԬӦǣֻҪصʱӵʮ㣡ǸʱûţҺһƨ·ҴӦǣصʮ㣬Ҫ˵ˣһһһʮ㣬ǿ۵ʳҪľãҪûݴŵӣҲãѵ˹ӣ˵ǰ棬˭Ҫ֮ǰҶ
ľٶѧٳԬĴˡԬͻȻʱмʶǰˣУ
Ԭɫһ֣ʮ֮ǰ˭룬ͼԽܣɱۣ
ˣǣ
³Ĭ㣬ͻȻ𣺡Ԭˣ㲻˵㣿
ԬĬڵһѴ̵һҧһģͽԼСָͷһžѪ죬ԬԼСָϣ£ͷǣԬ˵㣬ȫ
һƬĬٲ˵ֻǵͷԬСָתȥʱסˣʢΪؾʿҲһ̶ȣȻ°˸СʱŵԣȲ˵һܸܲϵҡʿܲܵסһι
ԸҲɽˮĵزϰҹ͵ĳ
˼ӿȻ˿ڣһٹ˿ڣŷӦ֮굥ᶨĿ⣺ˣҺ㣡˷ģһϵģ

һȺΧס̫ɣ̫ۡң̫أٲıٶΪӳˡΧԡѪ
£Ѿߴιˣҩû˿ػѾԼŬ
ʵ̫࣬ǱӴϸʮӲֱſԷ𹥻
ӾѾ͸֧ûмСʱټж
ʱݣനʮӻϡϱһپƣ
̫ȫ£ֻһȾһֻš
δ뵽ȱ֣ҲȱٱİݾȻôѿУʢƺҲ˳ǷҴ൱ǿͼԽͻƿڣǱźʢͻƿӲ˳ȥ
ݲ£һпĶɻʦӵڱȵʦŸΣյĹֻͣҪһϵֻ˶˲ȥ棬˱ʹϲͷջΣȱȫʦ˵
սֵȨʧȥ˰ƴȡģҲȨ
Ƕȥһ
ίʱ򣬴ӰݷͻȻ˾޴ĺþеԶڳЩʲô
оٶվ̫ɲǣֱֱݡ˰Σϸֳһ˿΢ЦѶϷ𡭡
ĿһתЩ˴ˣƣľ٣ٿ£սʿܲˣѾ۵õͷ˯ƴ˱һһƵĲҽСʮӣսʱûݣѾ䲻
˹ȻĶҡԼֺγƣˣ
നĴϸ£ӦôҲصİ˰ɣһķɱϵനĻݲ˼أֺαػʮӺʹϸصľأ
̻ˮòʱ׼ʱ𹥻ÿһˣÿһӵÿһѴ̵ҪͶ빥ڣµʦţؽһٴؾĴֿ

ന
ϲŴǽº
ʱǰڰʱ򣬲Ļ֮£ֻռǰһѶѵʬ塣ΧһƬžֻѪ
ʮӣ׼˽ɻķһΪԤӡڴϵĹ뵱Уһ߱ҡҪԤӣôҲҪɱزŲࡣ
û뵽ЭһιͱƵʮʹȫ˫ǰ־ˣѾ˵ĵزŷ׵꣬зƴǰƵϽԤͶ룬Ҳǽ£ڽЩĽƴȥ
һѪսһιʮȫһϣδȫɼιεļͣ
ҺãĹڶˡͲŽģι񣬻ĴۡȥܾʿѾ͸֧Ѷʱٷڶ͵Ĺʱ䣬վһߵģ
Ҳʱ򣬹Ѿ°˰ɣаݣܺͽԷ㲻УҲ˰ݴӲˡͦҲ٣ʧȥأһʲôѡҪƽֻԱҪ͸ɴܻعʦŴ򴩣Ĳعȥô
ʧȥ½ΨһվвĽʣս֣۹ȫʤ֣֮
ںڰĬĬ˫ֵͷţɽظ£ѾŬˡǣҲⳡս£¡ӣ
һԮֻܴһʵĵʦѾһ޹˼ɵĳʦŸɽؾûܾһһ롭ڤڤ֮УǿҵԤУɽѾΪȡʱ䣡
¡һͷ

നЭĳϣһƬ
Ӫĳʿ䡣ǹեһĹٱ֮ľɥûˡ˱ǹͳ˯ȥдľǶˣͷҿˣٵĿ
ǹǴĿŸղŷ𹥻ĲǣҲЯеӵȴŲֲò
ͼ˵жû͡ȺУż˱ĲҽУҵա
һٴͻȻͷʹޣ˭Ҳס
ӲңǡûͻơҶΪվͦӷֳĺȴûϵȴһӣ
һҲУŲǹĿǰһ·ľ٣ƺʧȥֻ޾ɵ˭֪ΣͻƲനֻпŰ䣡
ĺΣ¶úܡǻʱôһ·ɱȴĽ
رʤǰʱ򣬵ȵȴʧ
ߵ̧˹ںһһˣӪ١
һ𣬽סܣϸһȻѪ۵ǱǸӪĵӲģϼǹ˴̵ˣڵ֪
һﲻ֪ʲôζٴӵܣ͵നɽϣ
ǣǣ㣬
촽䶯һæϸΪԼʲôս˵սȴ૵衭衭
ЩӵģġٻԸ˼Ҳᣬȫ԰٣ȴΪѾǶĸף޷˵Ļص
˭ôá˭ñѾôõӵܻƴǵˡ˭ǲòƴϮսʵСɽǰ棿
ȥĻͻʹ壡
ĬĬǣʾⵣ̧ܽߡҲûжһҪȻʲôġֵʲôڡԽȡĵ·һ·Ѫ𣬲ʲô
ðɣӾͿȴԼ˵ʲô
𣬴ʵأ
δ䣬ͼݺѾ󲽶žһһʲôʱϣ𹥻
ҲǻԡѪ߸첲ţֹȴĸСʱϣҪ䵯ҩվѧ˵ʵ̫ƣˣʿҲܵ䣬ʹĸСʱٷ𹥻ܲͬĹȡ˵
һĿ磬ɨһۣˣûĸСʱʱ䣡
ݵһЦҲ
ҪҶԽսɵģȴʼɣ
ˣѧǺܿ͹۵Ĵڡ
һһֵĵӰѽ㣬ȫѵҿǺЩ¹ѧɵˣҪǰտ͹۳ӲųҲὨʵҲƽʲôУֻţԱȣװ֮⣬ҲһָʥĶڳʼϺĴжڴˣƴȫǵǻǻѪˣ
һһ򲻲ֽľָӣ£ǿݵ̰壬һЦĺƢʱȴ
һѲԭǸһˡʱ䣬Ƕ̶ꡣ꣬ȴ̫ࡣ
ҹӹΧһΧĹٱ̧ͷվ
վñֱҲһⶼˣش𣺡ˣǵȺ
һһЦָӣ
ǰȡ˶ױλáôڽʱ򣬸µɽŽǹȡ£ճУݵղһȺ򹥻
˵ΧһƬĬ
Ӧ죬Ѿһϣһȡ׼ҿ룺ױӪͳ¾Ⱥ򹥻
ݽŸϣһѳ²ŵĲŴһʱ˵
ЭЭͳݵȺ򹥻
ЭһͳȺ򹥻
ЭͳȺ򹥻
ЭӪͳ곽Ⱥ򹥻

һվˣɫһλȡ롣ΧľʿȫվղɢҶֻһֱҹ
һ󼯺תγܼɢ߶У˱ҪеУ죬Ҳ˶ǰ棡
֮£һܼɢߣһԶϾ


ʮ ȫʤ
നԪһ˾ʮ賿
Ųɳɳ춯̤ѪȾأ̤۵ʬף̤۶ϵĴ̵̤ǹеֻһֱᶨǰ
ǧٱϵһµͼʿֻһߣϡĻ£Żվսͦ
ηһϯʱԵڵأ˵ƽȴδͣЪ
죬ڶǰ棬ӭ趯̵צĲȴȻŶվսչ¶ȫˣ
սҰѪơ
ʵɽأһ̣ƺͱЩԽΪսʿռ賿ݶǧ꣬ĵսʿƬѪսƼʿɶĳǹꪣǧҫҫ˵ĺ⣬ͬǧѴ̵Ĺâһ
һڶеУǧ˵ͬʱֱͦ˵ƣ˳Ȼĺ£ʱеֻŭ
ðɣֻһڹĿĳѣ¾ųʣ龫ǵһһļ硣
ðɣûϵʿҶ־ǾȻսͷ顣
ðɣһǸĲıվӶߵ̫ͦһ㡣̫ʦţĽȨУô󣬷е̲

Ϊʲôнȫװ½ʦŵձ½Ƶ˵زȶССձ˼ʮڹȥǧһֱСԵ۹ȴٵ˾أǸʱգٹʮ꣬˼˹ȵףһˣνĻͻʹˣ
ҼԼѡĵ·ûߴ
·ߵ˴˴Ѿ˿
һļ磬δˣҲ̵ҫĺ⵱УңһĲʱ˵ķϲ죬ǧδֵ֮УҺʱΪ飬ͬĳеУ
ߵĸʲ٣ǰƴǰ棬ԽױγһһߡʼĳǰϣžͷǰȺĽģסĽܼɢߵλõԽԽĸʲǼΧγһԲĽǰ滹һµ²סͷƺʱ׼˵ڵһ㡣ǰȥȫӿĽñһᶨסͷӹĵ꣬Ʈ̺ʹСС⡪˵ü
˳У޵üһϹӣĵļײȥ
ǰӵ˵ͻȻܼ͵һһҪһһ˦첲ĳǰ壡Ӹʲôôڱ㲽ǰӵǹ춥Ŵˣ
۾ĿȫѪ˿ˣòϣǴļܺϽĻ˸ɣ
һܵı˶ѵдݣĲϣϣߵĸʲֻǽļΧסٶǰŲһִ
ʱ򣬾еǰһ𣺡ǰǣΪˣǰ
һδ䣬ΧӦ͵ĺͬʱ𣬶Ǵǻ漷ġһܼɢǰѾվǽǰʮףѾɽ档ʱɫѾ΢ԿܵȺɽ棬ǰǲ裬ӵϯһŵĽڵϡݸߴӰѾԽڶӹ˲죬۴
ХӶͷβɽӳͷԷͣȻһУǰܼɢѾӱ㲽ΪϮȺϱѩһԼܴﵽٶϳ棡վǽ·Ҳ֪ԼķˣƮ¸ָ˺ѷһĽк£ʱ򣬲жԵ䣬ȴڲͣӿ
һѪ·
һں棬ȻǰãֻдĿĽƴǰʱֿںķðŻ𻨹ը˶һȴû˿ԥ˻̵Уһ˶ںһ棬ÿٶվǰ棬һʲô˵ɣ
Ψд˽
ײŹʱѾһһߵžѹϣµҲϣըʯﲻ١ըһѾڵҪ𡣼˫Ѿæҵˣû°ɣ
ʱѾ˫ĺɱһţս̵ײ춯صѾֲ˫ʲôеֻǴǻ漷
һű𣬼˫־Ҫܣһݺݵͳµ˼ţ̵óˡһﰤ˴ͷƤѥǺҲߵİԴҪ󳶡ʮʲΧȦͦñֱǵı棬ҲҪһһǰĶ
һ䣬˷·侲һ㡣ղͷӿѪԼĶеУ۲۵ĵһսͷ˳޾ǰӿЩƣ˼Ľٱ˻عˣȿֺֻǰ
ԼôҲϲȥ˵ʱһͱȥٶףЩʲҲ֪һ˶ٽšǹȥˡһȻǳĵطǲæİһڹʮ˶׹ŵǰ档
һڵϣ˼ڴֱֱָǰȥÿһѴ̵ϣװѹӴ壡µ£Ӷ˵ǣһʮӣ
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һһ˿ôˣ˸ϣճµģҲȥ
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ĽٱԽХԽǰĸߵأվڱܣڱ飡
നҪһͻƣ

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ĿУһָʱҲѾָ̫ӵ䣬ǻߣסЩս־˼
ϲֻǻͷԵĸɢҵĶ棬Ĺˣܳݷܵվֻжˣɥʧеֿ־Լףôģôųˡ
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ѵ۹һʼǴˣֻҪǸ壬һţǶһеĵ۹޷ģǹȥǶǵˣδμѣλ˯ֻҪһͻǶǵˣ
뵽ϲ;Ȥֻľĸڳˡӵವͷӹܶùܡ
ΣûΧЩӱĻ롣̫һֱûɴͨݹݵϢػս˿ͻനʦѾѹС򣬽ҧǣǰˣʦ⵽ԴѾ޿ɻˡ
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ӴӵĽѾֽƣڷһݷͦ
ܵ涪
Ԫһ˾ʮգΪһһܽձ۹½ıγϲнսനվʮӽȫڽС
Эͻന֮󣬲ƣңͦ˴ιЭһǧˣԪˡ

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һҲƵĳڵϢһ
നͻƣЭͣٵݷ򹥻ǰЭսѾʹõ˼ޡԽѾ˲ƣץϵĵλǼͦһҲƴţͷһĻʱһѪ˻ûʲôڳһ⣬³ݳǰȫˣҲһٽӽǰߣ
ЩʲһôôͳǹвҪˡǻǰӵȥˣ밲ݻʮʮ
һҲȷƣ뵽˼ȲЩĥĹٱôʱ䶼ûϢ־ôҵһιԼԽҲԽΧĸʲһרĲ֮⣬ǰӰҲˡټǹҰݵİΣʱҲֻˡɴ׿һС
ӷĶˣͷôԵ¶Ӳˣģ޷ǿǡ
һҪϢĵĸʲǸ˵øʲôƵġͳµ½ɻĹʮڵϸֵȥˮ賿ǴγСӶ˼ӣµ»ɱһǰеֱҲеʱǰˡ
һͿﱼˢһ¾վĶǸСӼɫһΡѵݻڣനһӵסȥ·֮һֱҽ뵱Уǰ䣬ǲڰվȽŸĻᣬôҲҪס·ĳͨڰݵʣȥɣֻһͺáаӰսµĴ㣬ﻮɡ
һ·ѾԼüԶԶǹܼȴ֪սΡҲƣҲ޷දһ˼
ѵݾȻվӵĹ±סˣ
һǰ˫ֵһֽһһ۾뿴ȴǰһƬСڵҷɣôҲԼ̫Ѩһٴν۾ս
ְʮһʱִﰲݣδݣԬ֣ʰģսʢһǧǧܲѪսֵҲ֮ʣͷ̲Ʈοͤ˹ָԼñҽ·ҪеʦţҲȽ£ֻȡڻս̬ƣȡ·ˣֻǱڱҲƣбǧ볯ɽ֮䣬˻عܴߣδ֪ΣҾͻҶߣʢ֮֮ʦսս֣ȡȫʤ֮ƣϿɱվɧ赲Ҳ֮ӣ
ְڰݣپս֮νȡ˺
ʤܣ
ֽϱʻֽƺ̵ζһһεץһֽصƺеղס
ڻվʦţսµȨεУ
ƵλԹսʩӰ죬ڸԸȡ롣Ժֻʣһ
ⳡսµʤȡģ˻ģûĴʷһһļˣ


ʮ ϸϣ
Ԫһ˾ʮһգϺ
ڷʯ·ϣʱıӾö֮ĹһʯŷǰʱѾǹֽڶ࣬ÿ곤ĶͶݷѶдټһĲ֧ԮֻһӣڷıͰᵽڱⷿ߰˽Сһõ¹רַǰբţŰͷŷȥդʱҲǰ裬Ӽս¿ʼӰ쵽ҹûйϹָ˵ȴϢ
ֵۣܽϢʿͰֽīĹѣƤӣװŴˮ籨ԴԴĸص籨רеʱдˣ˾Ͽ˵ҲжԭʹʱܱʣҰ̷̷̸֮ͬġ
տսʵǹϵԶδƵľ֡˹۹Ŀת򶫷׷ůˮۺŬһƶ˹µ۹ǣѾӢʼ˴ľ֣ڶǣҲڴ̫ƽĺߣȡЩǿѾõȨ档νӢ۹Ƶǣ򶫷ŵľٶõŷǿʢ־³ʿ۹֧֣
򶫷־ŷ޶󣬶Ӣ۹ͳŷ޴½ƽ߾ʧȥġŲҰ̶̼ܶʮ꣬ŬĻָԪʹӢ۹ڵĹϵҲúܺãֽ׶ָϵģΪάŷ޴½ƵĻǣƺƽ⣬ܶ⽻ҶָŶ˹޴ġѹ·
Ϊԭ򣬶˹Զű뱻ƣһǿԱסӢ۹޵Ĵͳ̣رǲö˹ͨ͸ӢŮʻʹϵ顪ӡȵſڡǶ˹Զ裬֧ŷǵ˫ͷӥȻὫĿתΪһ³ʿ־ֱӽľ޴½Ȩ۹ȻҲǣƽã˹͵־ڶݵҲȻ顪̫ǣƽĻᡭŷѾԽԽһҩͰˡ
ԶӢ۹½ȨսͳǴಲģ롪ǸİӻʵۣӢֲ˶ٴʹӳٹ֧ССӢ½ǾԵ½ǲǡվڻ¬Ǹսˡ
Ӣľѣͬһδα壬һδֱҪңԶ޺Ͷ˹ⳡľ֣Ӱ쵽ŷ޾ƣӢ۹ȻҲὫԼľӿԽսӡȲ޵ĸǾͱҪֲһ˳
ޣΨһʵĲйձѡйǿ˶ͷսƽ֣ž޴档ձС̣Ҳ൱ɹν䷨άµĸĸʽĽӺ½ĸңܳΪӢ۹ֲĶأ
ŷЩӲ⽻ʿǣȻƫձԭΪձСǿʢǿҲǿԿƵģһֻǣжԱ̫ƽͷеĺöűȮй˭ȫ׵˽ҵǸʲôĹңǵôģ죬ǵʷҼôĿͷһֲö
ԣձеսծ׶гôãʴʵӢͨмձĹ⣬˾˴ڣôһ̶̶ʮֻ꣬ʮ򳣱С纣ųа򳣱۹
ˣЩвŪ޾ƵҵǣĹעⳡս£ԭΪձ̫Сˡս¿ʼ֮󣬲֪жٸľ¹۲ҽޣӸ˽ս¡ץǣ۹޵ĹϵȻıãӦָӲõľս½еʵڱȽϺͿжٱս棬ڻжٱսЩҪ㻹ڲУȫͿֻǷһתŹʵ۸ֻͻ͵͡
ձǱȻսչúȷûдߵӡ֤Ҳ޷ȷʵ廹кܶ鱨ҲҪע֪ʶײۣͳϵĵֿ־ǻжپԴĴǡģӱȫ˽ⲻǸս֣˫ɲ꣡
ҺϺһʱʱ̷ͬѾΪ˶ǿ˽ⷽעĽ㣡
ڼսǰʱƪ빵ķ˶ձĹ۲ۣ֮һսҴľƺֹۣܲһʼԡڿʵ
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˫սս½չȫϸѵÿɹǣ˶˵ֻܲ²ĳս֣ʱ˶ұǰЩվʦŲҰܣڵʦֱƽߣвʽ·ϢǶҵĶңֽ¢ϵıȨʱôܲΪҹעģϺձ¹ݣٶȽʱձڵ񣬸ָȻҲţҪ̷ͬ飬õõһֵϡ
Ƕڹ˵עʱ˽ս½֮⣬һָΣ
һֱһĴ壬ֻҪĵˣѰҳ·ǿ˶ȻڴҶеǸʲôˣǺôеڡ˭룬˴ӣǿǷСӣôҲܰ˰ɣ
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Źߵʼָȫսֻ֣Ҫ˵ɣҲǵ˲ڻȨˣ˰ɣһСһÿСҲǻȨģҲлϣĵСӲ
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ڹָ£ʼϺɽأڻ½Ϻڣס塣˳ϵԮʵ
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۹޿ս֮ʵۣͣһҪãļɢ˼ʮⶼˣԵǰƣȻ޲ߣ
ѹ˴ĺڰУΨһⳡսµĹǵϣǣڳʵĽһ֧֮ʦ
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˳һϦǵ˷ֳļӪڽϵϣס˳ҪȻ˳˵ˡ
СӵʦִӶȥ˵ĺ·
Ӱ¶ʮ޳ʵϢҶΡţΨһⷽϢĴʱܲΪ¹עģΪʱ̷ͬôܲΪڴϣУʴݵϢ
һڿഫΪ񻰰ˡ

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ǴҸĿǿŶ¥һҶĹţ涯˭̷̷֪ͬİ칫ҡ˭Ҳû뵽ǱݽھȻصĵλˣ˵̷͢õĴ֣׼ٸһʲô͢棬׿ڳΪš
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һϺĹٶȵýˣҲҲе㷸˼ڿˮֲסģˣʲôڶצˡҲûȷ
ͻȻ춯һ󳵷ҲƵ˽һŹƤСñİԱԱ׳ųһ·ܣǱԱġͼһƤӣ˨ϣҲܵġ˭Ҳƾ³ֱС¥ڲƺϵȺĲۻ󣬶˵һ뼷ȥ˭֪ǰϢˣ̷֪ͬϢôôͨģǿɲ֪ƽʱṩһϢ֮⣬Щţ鲼޵ҵ磬Ҳͬʱṩ鱨ΣЩ鱨һʱۻܣתϺһľ鱨ϵͳѼ̷ͬյһֵҲѣ
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ҵſڣַ׷ֻɼˣ͢͵طٴУһֵϢ˭֪ⳡսǣųδľ仯Ǳ˶Ҫվ˶飬һ˽һ׼̷ͬҰקøʲôƵģ
˵ˣĲۣǴĹٶôҲԼܴʤھͶһˣ
˺һС¥һ󼦷ɹſڵ˶ȹƵġſһ°ĳдԱСƤɫڵ߳һѸţҪſ󳵡ս½ЩдԱ׫˶ְ൹ϢҲǵڰﻻ·ŷÿˡһжһԸ̷ͬհ죬Ҫż˼Ҳżӱ߿Ҫ춨ʱĺλΪһءĲϢ˼ҪҪء
ΧΧǳдԱֻǲһϺ֪ӵһ򲹹ٶһˣⳭдԱϺ̲ҲʲôʿʲôʲôƮƼ͵ģдһ̷ֺ֣ͬ˹ҲһӵĽ飬֪ĺγ㽻飬ܲ˵Ĵ󺰣̣Ϣ˵һɣйˣҪǼôģǲ˴Ӯˣ
ǳɫ࣬۵ùǺ˳ǹٶһۣڰֵͷȥǸɫڳĹ˶һҪǰǰԲֻǻ뿪ǳ̧ͷͬνĺ֪һۣԴ߱һ£һٵƣŤŤŴ߿
ұȸǵʲôӽӲſ˵ð찡ôСӱݶܳһô㣿Ƕ˲ٵġǶŮˣŮˡŮѵ˳
ǹٶһԾľȥ˳Ϣʿ֪ǲ˽֮⣬峯Ұ־һͬĲЩս
Ҫ˳군ˣھʧȴһҲŻ󿪣ս֮ӣʿ֪˳ˣ˭ȣƫƫǸһڻûаϢ
ǹٶʿĭֻ۾ϻˣ֪ôģǾġ˵Ҳûմʲôôӵܳ߰꣬üǮҲûһʲô˲á浽С۸ţЩϢﻹǳģ˵ףԼĹսλ֪ԼԥľűүԲǸͷڣϣڼȵ
ɴҸطֺˣȥ̺үˮ̴ù̫̫ʽģүﲻˣҪȵʵϢɣ
һ£˶£Ϣˡǹٶ˺䣬ܾõȥԾľ򱱿˳˳ôأ


ʮ ϸУ
Ԫһ˾꣬¶ʮգҲһµǰ
˳
۳ǣӪ촹ʮҪѾһƬ̵ľ
Ҫ滷һŽݵϿɶָĵأ溣УһȻۡ͸ɽʡ̨Ȼأסʺ
Դǿˮʦ˴쳯ϹΣǿľӣһδͨ忿ֱƽԭĺߣ½˵۹࣬׶ǡڶѻƬսУӢԵĻƽ·һٹݱƵ̷ᡰе£ɴǶһӪ꣬ۼԲ԰ճɱأ
סĺͳ˴µĹʶʮųԱĴ徫ӢӪ졣ˮʦĴ˳һ۹޵״󽢣˳ΪˮʦһҪêάޣҪأӪ޵һĴ롣൱ҩú̿ϣսʱˮʦǻܴѲغڣ˳̨ЩҪ֮еڻ塣
ʢʱϱˮʦ٣ڿգ죬ɭȻԴˮʦ˭Ϊһս
ˮʦˣΪȷҪİΣʹ֮սأѹ䣬ʮϵͳȥ˳Χһϵе̨ƽɽ죬齸Ｆ̨ϻβӪԶͷɽɽ͡
˳һõƸߵ㣬Ĳ˸ɫ̨Ժ½һӦȫķ˹ʣ²ȵȸɫʽڿڣУ漼ڣڵʱ򻺻𣬷һ壬еˡ
˵ıֽУѾ̾˳ѾܶߵҪ
Щڣһﲼرսǰפ˳ʮӪ֮࣬ǴװѵϺõľˡǧˣ˳ΧнݵѲӣо߾һϻиֺŵ˳һ½棬볯ʣ°ֱıˣҲûһһ䣬ӪҰ£࣬޲־ã˳ҪһʧҲ̲ҡ֮ƣ
ڴʱ˿̣˳û˵ԶһҪصķɣ谵ɫ£ֻһƬֻʻң
ӴӵĸɫӽݷлźſҲЯ׵񣬿·ݵϿǹں¡¡š˳֮ڣڳˮϣƮźɫúۻ͵ɫʣָڸڻƮıŤ˵ˮ档Զۿڴмϰأ֧ˮϡվõľɴԳ˳ۿڵġ
ԭģĻʹ룬ڶġԴվƽĻҪϽǲɢʵҲܹǡʵǾӴ̫սǰӪͷսļӪͷһϰٶˣһ̰һ̡սܣسǴܣûвܵʱ̯ľӣҪЩܲƴ޴޻
ƺսзٻٵġƽԶѲ󽢣ھ̱ڴ棬Ҳû޺õĿˡ
ҪڽϣӳʵĽӪƴֿ赲סվͦͷЩĻᶼУ
ڸۿڣССľ棬ˡڴͷƴˮİոȥЩϰվˮŰеϰ߲ˣ͹ˮСӾٹͷرкӣĸϺܽһ֣ôһӳأ
Ӵӵ̲ܵϣºſļһܽˮֺڣ˴һסԼλãһĵĵȺڡڣЩСľȥźȣ߸ɴɺȥеɽϹѲڵıǻһֶ
ʹܶıһɺȥŹӵĽӾͷ˸ۿڵţˮʦ˳ͧСڴǰʮһð壬ͻýȫûĳĽֻһܵ˳ֻ߸ͳѾɥܱһùܰﶥס
мױҲ֪ĸܱɳģտʼάŴ˻ߵĴ󺰣˭Ҳӣӽ͵
ұһӿǴɵϰóЩױֻиԶɵɵĿǰɽһĲ״
ڳѾɥ˳ʮӪԵطʵʵʳеΣҰ¼ľӣ޷أ
ɱϣ˳У۶һ߸ڵʿСЩʿźͱ½ʦȻͬĻɫʽڵķͿ۳ţϣе·Ѫ۽öɫˡܵͷ󺹡㵽Ǳ񶼷׷˱ܣǽ˵ı
Ҫǽ
˵ıôģ͹ǵãϡͿһǹӱƵǰϡﻩľͿˣ
˳꣬ıүҲ󼪴ѳ飡
ڰ¶ʮգݾѾվݣһ༯ڽݵֿ˲һ͸߳Ƿ޸ͳ˳ɱҪӪڽ϶סͨ˳İɽҪ㣬ӦƹӴӣһֱ嵽˳ˣ
죬½վڰɽһؾʹ粽ǰ湥սӳӲûг忪ɽ
ǽĵֿûлĻᣬӽѵҲ޿վ½֮Ϊڲֵֻ̣ɱ²һΪϵİգŷֻѣһ·Ӧñǵܵñǻ죡
Щʿһľѵֱ˳ڵӪšӪſҲҷ׷׵ģҶһأͷҲ˨˸֪ܵȥˣ˽˳ױɫȺ̧ŴѴѵײˣȥһƬ˺˻Ӫ棬ŴŵĺҲ֪Щʲô
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ӹȥֱڻɽͷˣڵ굱мӳ嵽ǰһзɣɱս춼üֹǿȣĸӪͷˣȻսˣ챻ڵƬΣεʼڰɽظ߸Ʈ
ǿ˭η֡ǲˣָ
չһɵӪ߳٣ץޣҲܵû󺹣ĵϸߣϾҲսۣݺݵɨЩױһۣһӣƿŵΧ˶һȴʲôҲ˵ѥ죬һ·ֱȥǹױĸһ·ҲһƬҵУֱ˴á
߻谵Ĵ棬ոǵͳᶥԱڵг̾ͼҵĹǽϣ̯ڵϣǡӽ仹һѻƬ̸ζһѥѣʱ̴ϲҪĳ飬żǹʮǩӣæŸү񫡣
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չĿһתЩܱ⣬ʺͣŹǰźȫԻҵһĹ졣
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ܱǶεĿЦ
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ǴδڼʮǰԼƶһСȻܽ徫˲Ұܣ
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е˻ڳƱֵܣҪǺϢһ㶫Ҳɸ⣬ȥȲ裡
һǮǮӼľ泯ԪȺһ˾ͷʵǵȵýˡ¶ʮյڣûгʵϢ쿪ʼձﻹдԣ˵ձӳһ½һĺ·ҪһֱڵѹЩ͸˸Ľųˡ
ԪҵѲͷϣݵѲˣȺӿҪȥǣͷһϢϰݵӡʱཱུĴͭڣźĹʾм˰˼¡һ£Ҳôû취ֻǣͷ㿪Щͷ֡Ҳˣʼ궯ֱ
ѲӴˣȵýƣǻʹöʱͲӰ
ӵĹй˵ĵطǣʲô
Լռˣʲô磿
˵ߣ
䶯˳ŵѲֱӣΧѲҲ׷׸Ϲ˳ͳȦӣﻹý
ۿҪһ߾İòͣ˵ļҾ죡ݻ̷ģҲû˵ϢȺģΪ˰ȫѲһã
˵ļҾ죿
һţһλˣüҾͷ¶ģ˼ޣһӵĲڣʲô˳ۡӿȥĵľ뽫Ѳ
ѲСŰˣӶһ£ô˼һţﻹʩչÿһصݶеɫеˡ
ʱһͿһŮ̽˰ӣɫ㷢ѩ׵СװûҵȺһϡ
⾫ҲȥСӰʲô
诣ȻǻѪǵǲģһ½˿ô˭Ҳû뵽ôһƯŮӣ
ѧõѧķ׼ҳȥʱ֪ľ˵ϡ
ҲϽҡȺԾĳһЩҵδǰƴҺһʤֻ֪֪Σúô
˭Ҳ֪һȻôһɵķˡ˽зδʲôġ
Ⱥѻȸֻ˼Ůӣһҫۣһ۾ģ͡ǼɫСŮʱģǶžͳʩһӢҵʲôƽʣնɽ󣬴Ҷ֪ˣȴû뵽һ˺޸
һļҾɢϺһլӰҽǷŵԼǸ͵ĲҵȥҪ֪һͷձսһͷҪűأսǰʿһֱƹײŻ⡣ȻҪЮҾ죬峯Ĵͳ˵Բ󣬵ٵ֮Ǳʲôǿ̷ͬͨҵֵӦҲһ㡣
ŮϺȻûһǰѪƴɱ龫ǵࡣⵣǣңҲˡ诣뿪һôЩʱգЦòǸӣҲһ˼尾ȻСǾϵġ
һɱϣĶǡǵĺǻչû˵ġʱˣˣ뷿֣֮ڻüôһб£Ȥδ򣬿ɲҡʩͶžͲ˵ˣһǵ죬ϺһСޣһ޵ġԼˡ
һʼһϢ̷ͬʱת档⼸죬һϢޣÿŮ¶һѾͷˣЩǰԵĸԴʲô̸鶼ܴЩձﴫҥԱǵ֪֮ѾͷҲסˣץ׳׼ᳵӣȥ̷ͬҪϢһԭǲס磬ٰȫٷҲɣǰٻе̷ͬı磬ûӣʱ򻹵ָֽ˴ǽأ
ǼݣһһļҾ죬統һǣ˭Ҳ֪һ֣ϾѲ泵СѾͷССðյ˳˳ˮ˭֪ʯ·ϣôˣ
СѾͷ¿һȦ۲˶ϧžʩֳһ㣬ŮɬŮ˵ĳڵʱһǿŵŮģɱǳǿ
СѾͷٶһۣȥλ岮úôͷ¶ģҲûӣүƴɱǰﲻæҲֻ֪İΣ䣬˴ңˡ
һΣҶڵһϢļҾ죬ô¶һŮ죬˵ʲôҲãѵӣֻһȻȻתرܡ
һŮӣǾǿƴǿɲܿޣ¶ģˣ۾棬ȴˮʡ
ô˶ڵȺǸһϢ˵Ѿ൱ĵزˡžͳʩܵĽ͸̫ˡ
ǸһĻûôһңֻôССһֹ̣ңԼ˻ңһĸɹô
ʼһƺһ֮ԿôˣȻû¶ԺһΪ֣Ҳ֪ࡣլٻٸҹ¥Զİ칫һֱҹǵƻͨÿμ棬Ȧе㷺ڣȴǻЦſԼĺĴڡ
课ǲգ۾½ëһͻŶžͳʩһԽȺǰߡʱǰҲһڼȵľ̷֪ͬͻȻҲϽ¥ӭӣ³ʲôӡ
̷ͬҲȥԭһ˿ķҲģ·ȫīʹǵɫҲβס
һϢ̷ͨͬˣ诵Ҫ̲סˣľͳµ䡣
ȺĬȻĿһŮӶǶĵᣬƺûһ˵ֻĬĬĿšƽʱ̷ͬ˶ҪΧȥȴûһ˶·̷ͬһϢ
̷硭
ʩʣ诺Ͷž飬̷ͬϤһЩ
̷ͬҡͷûϢ
žһ诡̷ͬⱲҲ˵ѻֻǼѵĽͣѾһȥ糯ʣƽƴֻǻص˵ɽǰʧأǵĺ·ȷվˡ졭Ϲȥ·ھҪϵվݴ͡ʱ䣬ʮվӦýսˣǵڡ
ø죬ȴҧ촽һ仰Ҳ˵ǿĽͷŤһȥ
ȺУͻȻһ˾ܣ
žӦ͵𣺡ǧ֮ģֻҪһڣܸһֱǽµСС
˿ڻȣʱƽվʦǱǧҲǰɳ˳䣬˶翴һչ׹սڻӳ˾µӢôСС֣֮
̷λˣҵȺ򣬾ǵ˴ʤϢģǴδɹ
ǻ˻ԮأʱҪбҲȥ
Ⱥиһһģȫֵ֧Ŷžͳʩһ仰Ҳ˵ֻѧŶžʩӣ
ҶȻԴһҶûôˡ
̷ֻͬ͵һ̧ͷͿһӽֽת׳ñĸšרŸܵ籨ִϢһݰԱվԱߣ½ϣҲɢˣͷĴ󺹡ץȫһץһݳֽ߸ߵͷ
δͣǰԱѾ˻󺰣Ϣڰʮڰݴ˵ʦţձ½ıγϲнǧˣڳʾƣȫҽ֮Уױʷƽ£սʽԮڣ
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Ԫһ˾¶ա
ݡ
սѹս֮󣬰ݳǽһƬƵľ󣬳ͷĶϺڵѪɫգʬζڰɢ
Ųʱ֣ڶĹٱͿʼ޲£ʬ塣
ս£վڹսʱ˫һһǧʧһЭʱһֱ֧ŵվӿʼһߵˡǧʬףץٵķ²վҲģʼһ·ǰ˳֣һһ̼ͣ޴ĸǰԳܡǵʤϣʧȥ֮Щ¾ĲƵͦ˼վҲȻˡʦţӵĹǸֻй̫ɴż˴ɽǣжٻصԪɽأǾǼʼǵˡʦţҲްвһĶߣ˵õԮձжԮսȵսǰĳ½Ǵɻɵ顣
ԶĿյϣһ޴Ĳѣձ˵ʬ׺˵ļһ𣬵ȼ˲ѣžžţһͽǻٻһաɵĺǼƣЭ춼ĵòԵ·
ĹٱڰһŵǳӣҺѼǽʢײİúãĹעݼᣬҲʼǡ
Ӱݳͷ⿴ȥľͷĹ֧ǰһУֱԶһ죬ĹǰƮ·һӵԾ𣬼׷죬ֱǰľͷһ㡣
½ϵݵľ̫࣬ս֮ЭЭĵڶ±ʢ߰ǧͰòˡһƬƬӪҰս裬ѾڳʶһصĽٱץʱŶݵ
ʿϢǿϢˣҪ̫ࡣһԱҪв䣬տսЭѾӽԪĵزҪǧ˲ܼս⻹ʲôÿģڶ±һ֣ʢҲһ֡һָֻ˾ǧ˵ĹģȻĶǾսıԱҲҪѵһܵʮ죬ָܻսǰ˾ųɵʵ
ڶѾ䣬ĸӪ˵ˣİ˸ӪƽһеӪؾʣµӪɢľӪ֮࣬ʣذݵӪҲǲơһĽʢ󲿲˵ڶ򣬼ʿɵһЩбĿŵ̵ǧɵбϵڵڶִʮӪļӣǧرݵӪƽӪΪǸɣӦôӵһ־ٵģһ̫ҪսĲˣһս֮ӾٲأɴһµڶڻֻرҰսãûлҰս
ڶͳʿɵģһҲʧԣزʿɶͶѾأڹ˽һѾ޷ٺãӣʲô
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ԬǱʾúǫ֣ڲԼĹֻʱǧбһٱʾ鱨ӣ˭磬ҲȻͱϢ
⣬ǽҪȿǵ顣ڴģʴѾ׶վƣûи֯ıڴڽɹ˿صλãսԵλǰɣһ׸ô죿
ڵľƣƽҲͨˣϴܣ˳䣬չѳǣӪǧӵܣΧĲˡվʦ̾ϣҲӵпǰսɡʣǻԮڣҪ˼죬һȴֻǸοοӣʱ飬Ҳûټ飬ôһ£ͳһһʶһ䣬һĵţһǵδȥΪӣûһĿ꣬ǾսƣþЩģĲӣ翪սһֱŵǸҶЩˣʤļվȻЩͳѹ֡
սңʬɽʿǼ˽Ƥġÿҹһ٣ӪΧҰⷢЩӵܣսͿҰ֪˲÷硣ս¼ҽŵʱ򻹲ãȴعһЩˣĸ˶ƴɱⳡΣô

ڳͷ޲𴦵Ľڶһٴһʢʿ˽ĻɫʽеƹԴеĻűӡ˶ɴ辿ӣŰͷ޲ЬӵЩǰʢʿŴñƤѥôŶЩŤ
Щӣһȫڶ򸺵ۡǴģѾæͷˣԼ˾ĿһϽֱͦ۾бӡ
Ƽľ˴ǰ߹벽һǰ벽ˣǾͦ࣬ó棬һЦݣҲеģһȴֱӢͦǽţ۾溮ģɨЩվ˵ʿҲӵ
ǰǸ٣ҲһᣬЩ¼ʿЦº͡սζʢٱŹˣȫ£˽ſ˴ſ֣ǰǸˡ
ѽղһˣ⼸֮ʦͳ˧һ밲ݣԬԬ˰ڶӭЩǰʢſλ˵õĴղ˵ǽһͳˣ˻ŵһľһ鿴ǣ׳ģذݵģ˵һ档һ˱亹ֱµġһȻʶ˲磬˰벽Ҳ֪˲õĴٶ
ԵС˵Щˡ˵ʼ׺ݵĹӶ˴øɸɾЩǰʢʿվҴֻȶֱת
һһ磬ȥݺͳ񣬽Ǻ˳ݴ룬١ﻹڱԣ棬ͼõǣӢˮ̵ͷѵСɽһһѬһͷ
һǣϳͷʼųǽݺͳҲҲ˰ɣҲǸŶ磿
Щ±ôͳۣһվˣһʿļ򣺡ˣ
ʿϵĺһµΣͷ˵ߵľǰһش˵Ļǰˣʢģһսһ˾Ͷ˼ʮڵȥƬ߰˴³ǰǺñ
һͷһЦôûһ򣿡
ݵһЦ䣬ۻڶԼ㾫أҲȻһһʣûʲôý͵ġǱȴʵŵˡͷȥһԼѪСҲˡѹѾˡ
һЦǺñǵٵ̫ڽúøɰɣˣ
弾ЩģϹٺγۿһԹǱǺˣͰ͵ı֤󡭡ˣŹӣԼǲһӹˣ·ϵĵ֣ʬĶûУۡڽɵף
һļЦͷͷߴݺͳһۣȥ˸վڸߴŵӪһ룬·һֱ쵽ʾͷս֮սȻһɱ̫֮Ӷҡɢ˱ĳȻݳͷߣǴȥǧɽ·۵ףƺܿӿĻƺںһͷѾ˳ĸɽء
սٰܡȴֻһݴУߵһˣҵҳأĲܲ٣
һӭų֮գں̲סֶһۡ
˳ʶһѾ²׵ӡ弾Ʈҡ֮ƣ˭ףֻһƬڰп޳·˭֪ȥУȴı䡣ս󣬴һߵڿ㶼ѾΪǵı½ϡﻩ˳ҪǽӪսûҪ硣Ҫزסƶ֮ʲôطܿһսܿһأ
Ѿ˥΢˼
ֻһڳʰңľӪĸ귭ƣֻݴз档ѾǺŵĴһǿ
ʱһѾһ֧أٲܱ峯͢ƵˡҪسʣȫùȥ·Ͼһӳʵϵ½·֪ˣʦʱĵ·߸ҲûۡڵȥֻһһĲҰܣ͡
һǲ²ҰĵĻӦÿܵԽԽãһƬ浱УƼʻӢŸл
Ǹʱ򣬾һǿӲʵ¹ķֻ½Ҹʱǵ۹ֱݵĿʼһȻѾڵ۹ڲĻ̫ˣ
ǷᣬҪȵʲôʱȲ˵صڣս˶౶һܲΣ֡建һȻǼ뷽跨ĶԸԸһȻٷսվһҰܣ
ݺͳﶼǶϴˣ˫ԾƵĿж϶ࡣһһʼߵĲ·׷档ʱһ룬Ϊѣ
ݴһЩ¶׷һ֮󣬾ֻһʲôľϣִоˡʱҲĬ
ȴֳһ˿Ц˰ˣҪǴ磬ͳһһǵ־ôֻ;˰ɡ
һһ䣬ͻȻͷ¶۾תţڻЦĳӲʦŵĳƴգһս˲ˡǴϡӻʦŵԤӣţǻͶ볯ʣͶ
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һűһ䣺Ϊʲô
Ӳͷֲɵʱ򣬳ٰѹһͶҪԵҲѡ˵ˣǣ͢ͻͣôҿ͢뻹Ǻ͹ӴܾءǣҲûˡ
ϣɽŵ۶ڹôôУͿӵӶˡֱ˽űĸǿʲôģϯɽǾʡƴƴЩطսЩǵĴǴĵѣϽͣǲ̵սȥӾԼԼˣǲŶط
ҲԱߵͣκվ֣Ҳãվϵ£սԵֲǹעһսϣСľǲľپսսϣÿһսҲپ·ɼ˾ʴ࣬ƴôһ֧Ѿľˡڳʴȥӣ̲㹻ս
һ۾תЦŶôǿڳʣȫȫĵſʲôӣٻعժӿҲãҲù۵
ĬҲЦĲӻ
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ձȻÿ˷µһݼ򱨷ٲľͱǣŹŵľ޷ͼһ
⣬ǹ㵺Ʒۡģĺϰ׷㣬棬ͳ£䳱ʪ
Ƿݼ򱨣ձפϺ¹ݳĴʱ⣬عڡڵʦŰܲûԪɽصڸ֪ҰϢʱ̷ͬѳڴƵʦ֮ٶȻƵʦձ½֮һѾһ𡣳ʾƣѾȫһƿصСԪɽһһӵվǻǧˣǵʦŵĺڲӡѾûǣһ㣬֧ʱתùڣ
ʦŸ֮ձӪѾĪʦŻڷ½ٲĴӪ߻УֻǣһĽתá½ɥʧɽԪϴ󽫣ôܲ۾Ҳϵս½Ħڵ۹ڲ½߲Ĭ֮£ΪӪĴϲලʦսӦøʹǼලʦŲҪߣóȻս£ֻҪвǣһ߰ΣþͿˡ
˭֪ǰٲĳ̸ڵǵǰĵĴϲȴŵʦ˴ðգ˲Ұܣ
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˭Ҳû뵽϶ĵ֮󣬵ʦű˸ɴıơձ½ֶһн
һֱֲ˵ڣѹԽԽ͡½ֻǾúǱߵĿⲻϵͶɽʼӡʣһﻹ½ٽתεĺٽźս½侮ʯô
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ٲһҲ½ٵĺԽԽأ½ڹ̧ͷУ£
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Ҫסһ㣬һһ
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ٲĵĻһϸߣͷֳϸСĺ㣬ǱŭëϸѪܶˣ
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žı죬ú԰ڵ𡣼С̫ϲһ쳤ޣ˵ϣС̫ƨͷء
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ŽӵϢһ˴Ӯ˹ӣֿһʲô󽫵ԴǧӵĶ䴩Ҫ;ʦݣ
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統УĬĬӡ𴲺ŵεδƳԽصڰݳͷ
̫â䣬һϣ·һߡ
ͻȻԳĿЦˣЩȨǣЩ׹ܵøһЩܵøѿһЩôǰ·߾
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Сô
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ϸĿһͼ֮󣬽̧ͷо䣺ˣǲҪڹһ·ƣطվγвǣǶĹƣ

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չ֮£ӵǧһ㡣뻮һѪսľӣٶҲȲϵģƣ϶ҡҡ׹
ЩУٶףһºȾƳġȴȻֵƶһģһӲǰӿ֮ǰͣסȻɢֱ壬ȻԽԽ࣬ԽԽԶ߰˰ɭȻͷȴôҲڲס
ӵһ΢룬ǽǰɵ˶ĺúүǶЦ˰
һʺ򣬲ŰѴҾѡĶӵڿܵÿӲƣڳ׺˿˾ɱ֪һ˶СӵʵЩ峯˱Ƚ϶࣬ϲٳ˵꣬û͹Ӽʲô̡һɵˣЦкϽȭλСǧЩ΢һطߵмµ˵
ʦүˣǽӵӣľͶˣ
̶ÿֿջĲλľģҲӣǮ٣Ҷ飬õǣûж
Сҫ飬ǰһ·ȻǹټңҲ£ʲô˵ģ
Ŀ⻺ɨͻȻǵĻƶϹأ
ȺУһæĹڵϣүǶҷűӣþСᣬʲôԸһǡ
һЦǰЩӻƶϹӻĶӹճĵκƤĲֵĵĸһ£ҲûƽϣʱӺõúܣڷʲôűӣĶأĺأһһʲôó
Ȼһ֣ˣý֣ӵˣǻƶŵ˻ڰУϡ١˵飡һƲϣһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ҲǺһۣĽ緶¶ţڵǾһëƶϹźͶеף͸ôθҪ͹ɱʬɽѪïֺãɽã˳ǵӣ
ĵվ˳һڰͨԵĴͷǴŵĶҲ˳
ȥǣ˻ƶϹһ·үǶӲҪҪÿǺǣ߶ͷʱǼ죡浱Ӹĳˣ
ӴȥҲޡ˻ƶϹгãаսʤĽ¸ëǸƶϹӵ£ҲţִԶȥȥѼ̽߳ˡ
ʣ¼ٺӣѻȸĽ˷ʲӣֱ˵
˼Ҫʦ꣬Ҫ˽ɳҪȥΣҶˡǳ͢ļܱƷͺˣ˵ǴСӣڳ飬Ǹɲˣǰһ⣬˺һԼף
үͷԸɣ
ģӣһ··´˻ʦҪ͹Ӽһ;ӣԴǹϹأܴʹҧҧܴӣùӺùһԴʮӣҪǮ뵱ٶģҽ죬һӵĽ·ӲǰȮƶϹӾ³СطҲͲҪˣ
Խӣʲô̸ֶϣҪкôӣƾӵȶѪڵĽǣһ궯ıԼӵš
󶫹ͷߺã촫ɽ쵽֮ǶӾͱϣ
ã촫˳ǣ쵽֮ǶӾͱϣ
ˮڳ¼ҵģ촫ңһɽڻã쵽֮Ӿͱϣ
ɽá
һһĴ죬ɽֽ㼯ĶӣЩ֮Ҳ򻰣һӶӷɢһ񱼡
Щģɶ·һվĴܸӺСЩɽͷׯӣڽӵһʰǹһɷﴫ쵽һ·ӳֱϣЩǰ߲ݵĴݡһĴ죬ڸչٶȽϢٶȣÿıߣ̶̼֮ڣܽӳʵһ·ĶӶԱ·ǹ㼯ɧŹվӣ
ЩսޣܺձһغϵɱǷɢĶ飬쾯ĻСȺͷСɱҲðվض飬Ҳ̻̲աټϽİ˰ٽҲϵһ֮գ

֮£һҸںϻͷת
Զƽĺߣ𽥵ʹҹɫ£Ѿ̫ˣֻɫߣĻذ̲Ϳ
֧ӣƮһº죬̴µḷ́һƵĸš
ǴˮʦϽ֧ڻڶڻ԰½ڸƽڻһСģ½ڶԳ˵ݶӽй䡣
조ɽͨӪͺ硣
ϽȻͻ벳ڣƽŴһߣڻ̨չʾϽʮңתɽеΪʱêأȴڻĴŵˮʦܻأͬʱɨ̨ݣݵɽҪء
ˮʦܺϽѾȫĺȨɶ߮棬޿֡
нĿͨȫ֮󣬱ѾʿϽӽʿ־õòһ׷ź죬ʾܴ
ͻʦŻսѡ
Ͻڸȫ
һһУز鷢
۹ˣճѪˮȾ󺣣
нȴһҸĸ֣콢ĴβϣĬһվǳõĲ
˹ɽҾ˾ٲ£ǰ˾ٸ£ͨ¡
Ӿ֣øٽųϣŴβƵĹâչĬ
֪½һѸûڳʣɽش󽫣нҰнȣ̳񡣰˰֮ճ֮Σ֮ٱٴսپ֮⣬ߡ
ң۹ϴһ壬һģСᡣȻ֮ˣ۾磬Է˳ȻĪߣȲȻ֮Ҳ
һϵһңҲС֮ʿѿϼ޶֮䣬޿֮ձٹòȻ֮ˣȴʵбʤ֮
ˮ½ս֮ʦƺͶѡʮ½ʿΪĿ꣬ͿأǧΪĿ꣬ͷˡ
ϴʿ棬֮꣬ʿ֮ū֮ȻйѴԽǧӣ֮һȻʿһսһ
ô˹裬ܲʼաԵ۹֮ܶܡȱѪˮ֮ΣĪǻ
֮ʣΨзսֱڣԺ½֮ؽɽϣѴ治֮Ϊֵؽʦ֮һʼȷţս֮־
½ӣԱˣԱͳϽ֮ڶΪȻͻɨ֮ݻ֮֮
۹´磬ٴˣֵ˽գΨһף˳á
½棬ƺҲ˰
ĬĬ˽ţɷ裬һƯĲ飬ͷβȫǺ֡
ľսҪ˰
ⳡսսͬʱչ׳Ҳ۹֮䣬δ˵ľսңΪⳡս¾ԼŬ
Σŵ۹ӮʤΪձѾһУȴԲһУ£һǶڵս


ʮ ʦ
֨ѽһݳһֿʱĽľ¼ű򿪡
ŵһ±ſ۾һڹ⣬ͬʱھĳſڿʲôˡֻһƤӵҲڱĿţҲһۡ
ŵˣȻҶ־ʿˣʢЩľ٣ҲͶ¼Сڼսʱ˵ˣʳ˶ǹЩһҪ̼ҪĵİݳƣǱձһ׻ˣ治˹ӡЩ׳Ļٻͼը࣬ԬõĽҲûʲôģô̵Ӳ͸ͦʣ¶û˸ҶֻʵʵĿాӡ
ݱסһɱսĺûˡһһʱҲûǣҲҪּءһŷûʲôµģʿأ׷ˣò˵飬ֻҪǮ²ˡµľһһǣһҾʲôģ˶ףһǺ޾ǡһʮȥһҲǲºƳ͢һҪˣؾʦϰأ
һεñҶ־ֿʼ㡣ôƣ϶Ƕ㲻ˡٶֻҲˣ뵱һ̣ҲΪѣôǮóȥ㣬һ⡣Ա󽫶̾ﶼһԼʣ¶ӡֹһ㣬ƻʣҲҶ־ΪۣͲˡ꣬䷢Ĵһһصع´ܴŶѾƻɣ飬ӵ˭ȥٵģүȴϹ˵
ģʿǵ̸ȻһҲûԣÿֻϴšҶˣҲٰͽᡣ˼ٶˣʲô˵ģûСӣ˵ڹˣʳüһûʿʿۿţ̶ѡ
һһҿοټһľʿôãô˶
һ߽˼ͦоõĶ񣬾ӣ̶ʲµ´ͷŲǹĸſ֮һĿһɨͿúһλ󽫣ڿϸԵʿ
һЦˣ°֮أɱͷ̹ԣʿȣֺ
ʿҲҶ־㿴һĿõĹݴһһ֮ԵġʱһǸȭ£ֻһŵСС򲹵̨˶رĴ󽫣һЦƵġ˫ȴԶ
˲Լͬˣˣ˸˷һ·ٲһ˵ơ˷ǣԼؾ˹Ǻϳλ
Ҷ־ԱߣҲ޵øƵģһš
˵ӰĽҲ̣ɱˡ˵Сһ·ɢ־ôۣĵô졣ûаάϵǲֵǮӣֻһ˭һѾµǰţ
һһۣЦǴģʲôλɣȺţٻĳںλ˵һһͷź
ȼʲʱǹ󲽹ȥҪʿҶ־ǽվԶԶġ
һҲ֪ʿߥǱİһˣ
ʲֲŴȥʿ͵ĽֻӿԼ۾ĿһһҲЦĲΪ⡣
Ҷˣöԡˣʶһ;⣬ܸ÷ʢһɣ
һһЦ·ôûо⣿ִֻ٣ǻطɣȻһ׼
ʿһ˵ʱҲͷſһˡָͷһãһʼǶûɫΪһˡô൨飬㲻һƮ棬ֻҪعŪ㲻Ƿֵ顣˭֪ձҴ壡ڳ͢£Ҫ̵ܴ㡭ս£ȡ˱ĵλΣ¶ôˣˣҲ뷭ˣΪ뾭ѵΪڴܳԵÿս£Ҳͺһ
һֻЦˣŰɣһΡ
ʿһڵ㣡һʲôʱǰŹ
һһЦˣӾǾʶҲԵˡΣڲ𲽵ʱֵҲ١ΣĴˡеĶĲ˵Ҳסûƴƾ֣ɡʮʣսͷĹؿڣ˾ٶôش𣿡
ʿЦȥڣȥˣپôģԼĶҪסˣȰһ仰٣Ҫ͹ͬΪԼöһ㡣׺ݵģУڻʶһ֮䣬һ仰ʿȻɹˣʧҲûŻȥ壬޷׷ˣõǺãл֪һ̡˻ûɵ͸ףǰƽ࣡
⼸ʿѾײȱȨλʹա˴ֵزԱ̸ڵ滷ڣѾ޷ˡ׷ȥ˻ǣˣ˺ãô
һҲ׷ȥɡôͺͱΪУѾγһ壬ľʵѾưܡʱб׵ˡֻҪȵǰʮ֮ڣµǸλڡֻǵǸʱһŻʿΪǸزҲֻԼͬ飡
ӢۣҲӲȨλ֣бַֻЦãҲ躻ްˡ尡ò
뿪ˣͷɣԼ¿֣ҹڻҲҪиӡ
һȴһˣǺһ뷨˵žһ֣ʲʿȥˡ
Ҷ־ԱߣҴһʿǶ˸ˣֻô
һȴеĸֿʿıӰԶȥ죬ƺϧ˵ĽƵģתʱѾǹһ㺮˪˵ʹޣλˣĺñụ́Ӻһ·ٸϻһˣµ£̶λˣ
ͳµ¶˵ȥͰסǼ򣬸ʲݹӣӼ絽һ廨ﻹţүλûָɣлˣн顭ûӳ㲻ˣ
һֻţԸλ˶Ǿˣ·ˣǵ˿һ
ɵҶˣһ仰׺䶥֮˲˻󺰣һɱǣ£㲻ݣ͢ҲŹ㣡
һװ˰ĴϾ͸⣬ֵһӲɱ㣿ߣ

ݳ⣬һЭı꣬ڶ֮ͬЭѾųķ󣬲ԭҰ
ɻվǰ棬Ĳڵ˵ϷƮš
ٱȫװߣñƤ°ϣոµľװַ˲ǹĴ̵ֱվšÿ˶Ŵ˵ı̺УˮӵУȫһ˿ķϹ涨õĲλ
ǧѻȸڵǰһƬӵԶķĹ
ǧҺܴ˴
Զ죬Ϳ۶һˣһЭһǧˣǧЯҰսڶʮţ߻ǹʮܣʦԮ
ϣͷԣٷһȱǰ棬ĿˢͶĸʲҲ¡ܽһǵڶ򣬶൱ʢʿ˭ϲҶ־ˣ
ʲҲһԸͼҶ־˵˹Ĺǰ棬һţǹ£ƴɤӻڴ󺰣һɱҴ󽫣޸޾ҲŹ㣡
öевǰʢʿĵͷһϣЦǻǹҴ󽫣˵Ѿ뵽ּ⣬͢ҪҾٻرӵȿǵԴߣǰ۷룬Ӻһ·Ƕ˶˵ظȹԼɣ֪жԩ꣬Ҫ
һ仰˶һһȴĿ䡣
˶ǾˣȴһսӡʿߥУʢ²ĲҵСʿеǻ㣬ͳԱͷأΪ䣡رҪʦڵʱҪһ壡ӴʦڵһʼͲ׼һǡȻҪҪáϾһϵδ֮ս
Ȼһֱȡ˼ζô͵͵ڴǽǡ֮һ
Ҷ־̾һվ
һ΢һʾ⣬ʲǾͽҶ־廨Ļͷˣһȫʬǰ·߾ˣҪʾ£ߺһ·Է̬һֽȻͬˣ·Ѱ
վڶǰͷĳҶ־Ļ÷վﵭЦˣֹҶ־ͷҲ׹˰
һɫ΢΢һ֣ǷſҶ־Ҳ֪Ľǣǰսʿ֮Ĺ⣿
˷ƵӹԭҰһŸʲǹ˲ΡΡֱʱһǹ죬ﶼһ
һժ¾ñֱָڵķþƽ𣺡ܵĽ죬Ѿǲʦĵ·ѾΪɨƽΣѵУǽȣ
ʱֻнܴһϣһ֤ʼм䣬ʼԼ棬ӭŵˣ
ǰ
Ԫһ˾ʮһգһնҶ־λͳԱʽʦ޲Ϊһķ𾪣֪ͳ󽫣޲ֲ֪ˣһļɵֶһ㡣ȴиˣѾԴ˻ϣνĹʥȨ˸֮⣬һĺĴʵȻͬɣе˷ܡ
ⳡս£öǵľƣôڣҲ̱䶯ǰҹ

һǹԶԶöڴβʿһ
ǺͿıһĸʲһСڰ컹ܷҪɫܳҹǱɣƺ󶫹һ½лӪͷڣǽظˡ
ױŸһһҲˬˡϴ֮Сϵˣֽһµױš
д˲٣ͷӲüңԼױдµġǰ׻̸
˰ɡ£ΪʲôȻסһӵѺʲô˼ײˡĺ٣Ѿ޷¡
һˣ㻹ôһȻͬĵ·ڴڲĳҺһ˭ܳͷˡһأȴһֱڴϵ֮⣬󣬴ʣձʱгԼ˿һǹһڹȨ
彫ߵ·ߵͷʱȻͳĿĶ󣬵ʱͲԿ֪ˡȡƯȻǰ;֪֪ҪӦԶǹϴ۹ǲܱһ˶˵ףһϣ˾Űοɣ
º㲡ʦˣң顣ʲô޷߹ѡ̫ѵңϡ˳ʰֱֱˣ۵֣󵳸Ҳˮɡ޷ĳѡ˻ᣬѾãôסҲһܷɹ֮ѡ
սѲڷ糱ͷΪǿ֮棬ѰšǿȺңȴʵ޲Ӧ֮Ȫ֮£μʦˣ
ҪͷԼ˸ܡ˷ܷµٵ·ҲáѺΪѣ˴ս£һһΪս۵Գ⣬ҪҵĻ䣬Īڴˣཻʮ꣬͸ô
ҺҪأ飬ôȥɡһ³ϣҲһҿһߵΡ
ʿֻǴվһľӦԣһΪһ׮׮Ժӹ
ȡƯѳɣѾս£ٵʲôʱ򣬾ͼ飿䶨Ȼޱȣ
ϧԼˡ
ˣȻѲܿһƫƫǰ飬ȴΪ̫塣
ܻȥôΪƾԼѹǱ£˭ᵣһƳٱǣаʢٵʽﰵʩӵѹԼиʱЩͬŻôԸԼʿ֪ˡС裬ǣˣȥԼˣҲˣԿڵķϣ¶İȥˡ
ڼ촬ˣƾţׯץһƣ󺹵ĵмעȫעʱһˮ졣ûüӦмҴߴ٣Ŀ쿪ƣһۣͨԾ߰˴ΣаŶˣ
ׯҡҡͷ̯ƾţǰ˺ˣ˰˹أûŪͨҲˣ
Ԫһ˾ʮգֱͨõӪܰʿͶˮ౨ս󣬾˳ǹ¡˳䣬Чܣǻ̾־
͢׷ٰ֣£ʷݣá


ʮ 
Ԫһ˾ʮա

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ڿϣͷҲ̧ĺһȲ裬Ҳһ¡
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Ҷ־󣬶ͷƷͳ󳼣ᶽͷֽڵ佫һ˵ɱɱ裬Ϊ
бںϣд䳼˧רãСɣ֮ⷪɾǰ
͢е͹ȥģҪҶ־ؾţ嵹ãһ۵Ҷ־״ȳ͢ػԼնˣ⻹û
ûȨڻֻǳֽڳʣô˵ãֲһϷүһֱأû籨ȥعزһ״
۵صĽв豭һ٣̧ͷ˵ʲô컰أŪõһôǸԸ˽ͷҲһڳʴս¶˵ˣʷ̨Ĵ£ҪһãȥֱձǰЩӾʦ˴ºˮ½սûʦȣһֵ÷зǣ𣡡϶գָ̫̫˶Ǯ
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µľС¾͸ⳡս±˸λϵû˵үĹٻ䣬ǡϵսȹǡպͲӷ𡱡
СʮˣȢ˸̫̫ʮ߰ˣϲɽת˵̫̫˱䣬ҲһЦʦ˴µˮ½λ̫̫ɴǧʮТʦի㣡
̸սµĶˣͺͰûɣǽ˵һ飬ȴĭɣ۾䡣ҪһڵƼˣⲻþҪһ䣬ֵǲǳִ˵еɫСҩ裿
һھûͷպͲһ㶣ҲֻлĵԴ߲һӣ죡İһͷϣô벻ףһ㵹ŪŪö𣿲Ҫͷǳ˴ΪģɲϷүĶˣʲôӣ
ѵû磬λү޳ĺӣŬ౾֧ǰ¾ϣƴӡŬֵܴı֧ϣӡ弾ʱƴӶֵǮˣ˵ӡи˸ŷ˵ġ˹עûǰδλ׹󣬸̸ϱǰ˲ű¡һε󳼵λãͼľÿơҲ֪ԼƽͱһּϷү˵ʲôͲ۲۵İʲô飬͸ŰɣָЩˣŪҲŪãɴҷܡ⼸ʮ꣬ôܹˣ
Ϸүʲôʲô׵ģֶ۵ȫ˼͵۵һأܵסŪһбһҪǵ۵һһ𣬲е鷳ءŪڻűӰ壡
һ𣬶ʱͰҲûȤԿǽǡεʱһŲ죬Ϳ̴ͬ󲽵˽үЩӾú԰ú֮ߣŹıߣٳⳡս£ۿս½۵ǿⳡսģɲٵȥ潫ͷæǲ跹˼ֶ̫ͬɹֺݣʮ·߽棬ͷĴ󺹡
ֵͬ̽ͷȲ裬󳼸񶼲Ͷ
ͬɨһۣ칰֣ˣϵͣ½ʮ򣬱ϹãнǹҩȥûУ
̧ͷƵ᣺˰
̶ͬţ÷ģ
ֺȿڲ裬ָͷ塢ߡģôţ
ۣڵһҲõˣʹ˸죡磬һһװһ֦ǹһҩ˵˵ˡأļٶӪͷûЩộĶȲסձȣɾɽأ
ЦһЦ̣ʲôأֲûͣﵢţʲô취Ҫֵȥһ籨ߴߣ
̲ͬ˲ºγʲô㡣󼯣ЩӺͷ˷һÿٵʹǾ͵ļӪͷ׼ϷٶסվȵͷҲٰ֪ȥֻҪվɽǰ˷ޣ̫Ϸүͷʰˡ۵ĿӣҪһգ
ôȥҪãҪҩҪǹЩôЩĸضǱΪ°ܳΪԱҲòϹȥҪȻ͢ʡȴû룬һݷݴĵ͹ȥȴ˿δȴƴĽҩӪͷȥȻǾˡ
һѵ֪ܣסɽһߣҲ޿ô
۵ҲɵӣԼ֮£͵óۡ±Ȼ˳ҪߴܣǸˣʲôͲʿ֪ˡ
ߴܣ͵ڵ۵ĩգ
ڣ¿ЦӣǼͷͬšֻͬһΣǱ񣬴ģ쬵ġ
ɼ뵽̲ͬס˿Թޡ
ŵľѣԼڻϣȫú԰ˣôֲ˺ãԼʦĳ
Ȩˣֻ˴ֻСֻڴһ
ɫһȻиߵĴС¾һϻӡͬ˫ţһǻϽױµگͣϽӡȥɣȱˡʵˣѾʦˣ
ŵ˶ȻһһڳնҶ־ʦĵ籨ŵϲ죬ǻ׼ôӦأͷ֪ˣ
һ˫ֽӹϻӣһɨӵľ󳼣С¾һۡ
ģҲͽˣȥǸ½ѧϰߵĺع
˶̧ͷĴϻӹͣͬҲվǶһš
ҴҶͣ첻ŵ۾ϸһ飬͵һӣƣƣƣ
ƣ˶̧ͷô̵ϣԻϵ;Ȼ˵ִ󲻾Ļ
͵̧ͷ̣̣ͬòԼͰɣôܷһ콫

峯ûٴͳ̵壬ڹϼȫ̳нơʡٴһ
Ψǵ֮أ٣޽򸧡أǰϵ޶ͳͳԴơ
⽻紦ǽ˲óء꣬һ̷ֱʱд˽ΧǽҲ֪жѪᣡ
̷Ժ󣬱߽ɡǶͳϵȻ˱һһס˵Ӫλ޽ȱүسһܵõȱ
¾޼Ĵ㣬ҪһƬķ֣ƽأԶ˿ڵ壡
ݵͣȻҪһΪ޽һѾ˶Ʒĸղǻûһʵȱϡ۵£Ϊһ춫ս֣סǺ׵ĵλȻһٽŵ˷콫λãΪĵλãŬ̫࣬޵˸֮أ
ԭķ콫ս²ԥıȱ
ͻˡ
˶һʦԮ֮⣬˷콫λãȫȨʾս˳͢ߺ֮͡͵аʾսƽϢ֮һ÷콫࣬ҪڱλãҲпܰ쵽
૵Ĺ֮涼һƬ󻩡պͲһҪзӣں˵ǵͨ졣
ͬĿǣֻǾһ⡣˵Ƹ۵ĵزһҲͻȥˡ۵ڵõһʦϢ֮ҲǴϲһѾս֮ĿʮˮʦʦŵձӴôܿ䣬һһ֮ȴձʦţҪǻʦϵǵӣƵģ
ֻҪסɥʦ֮󡣰մʱ˵һ߸ʦŵıһ룬Ҳֻˣʱ򣬵۵ĵλҲסˡսµʤ˳ϳң
û˯õḶ́ͬݵ籨Ǵϲ˰һ׷һоٶɱ˧Ϊ˼Ҫһϵղͷձڶ⸴˳
زΪһܴӮû۵ǻȥˡ̸ͬǽ飬Ϊһ˳ҳѷ콫λø
һ۵ﶼ÷˼
ͬȴʱٳ˵̫ƽӡսԽݣ̷ôһڼһͳ˧ǿǿжɵʼղյطʵȨһ·֮ͦΪûеطʵȨƣҲﲻ֣ܺطսా꣬޴˺òؼТȥֱ̨֮ڵĹǿҽ£һ¸ʵȨʡӣطʵȨ֣عϣ󣬲һٳɾһҵ
Ҫһ۵ͲܲʵȨ۵Ѿٳʧˣ
ԥͬȴϣϷү֮ܲأֻɽһһеǾôһ˵޽ˣ¶Ƿ˼ֻ´ᣬ˼¶ûˣ
춨Ȩζ˸һմϣ;Բɷ֡
ݵͣǵۺڼⳡսµΪ̯ƣΪ˵̼ͬľˣδޡ¿׵úܣ۵ʧܣûȨûʲô˲õġǴȴ޾۵ϵ䣬֪ôҿĽֵأ
ڣҲֻнһһˣ

ŵͣ˫ֲϷѻȸ
ͻȻպͲһͷײվ̣ͬǺڴ˵Һƴˣ̵ģڶ͹£˾ڷ콫λǶҡۣ
ǱᣬͬҲСˣʱȻۼֿһͷӵײײľſ˿ϣҲſޡ
ϰϣôͱ̵ļ鳼ŪأҵĻϰôôͿأСô»ǰ¾޵ģ˵ġӣ޽λãҪҪøˣ޽λãЩô죿ϰϣ۰ɣĲҪˣҲһؼҵ
һ޺ңһɫΡ
Ŀ̣ͬͬȴǿһЦûʲô˲õģѾ⣬һ̧ˡ޽Ҳ˵ùȥһϻᲹͣ˾²Ϊսˣһ콫λҲȥôһҲˡ
ҧ촽ǲϳ̲ͬסţϵͣҲô
ĵ¹ش漰˸Ҫ
ʱͬҲõأһĸ첲ߣ
ȴ͵һ˦첲̵̵֣ͬģ²˻ǲˣǾ棬Ҳ͵ϵãܲ٣

ͬһ죬ձ㵺
㵺Ӫ֮ʱƴ񹬵Ĵ٣˷ʽմӴ˴ս˳
ڴӪڵһССͥԺ͸ĳ˷硣
ʱ򣬴ŹŹֳۣŸñӵϳɤţձе֪Щʲô
ٲЬӣվλǰľͷذϣŹĹ񣬽ձĸƷĬĬƣĬλ֮£ͬһЩЩľīʣɽ󣬴ϲҰᡭһʱ۽֮ʿⳡսµлΪһ紺Ρ
ͥԺУӰһж
Ҳ֪˶ãƣ̧ͷһ
֪ʲôʱսǰֱҲ΢΢ȥĿȴԽ
֮Ь߳ⰲķ硣ſڣмӪĲıڵˡ
£һѾʦʦڣĵ籨Ѿ˱Ӫŵõ鱨
ٲĬĬͷȴͶȥƺǸһֱδıĵһ㡣첻˵ıҲ˵ֻǴ׵Ⱥ
죬ݵ籨Ҫڴʱ˰ɡ˵ʿֻõٹأ벻Ŀս
ٲǾȻһ˿΢Ц
ĵͷȥذңޣδһĹˡۣ۰ɽؾϾѾΣһûΪء
̧ͷʱѾǾ䣬ްЦ⡣
Ͻ
£ռƻӦѾƽغչȻڻ
أ
մͨɽĵ籨ڱӵڻ£Ѿʱêɽ⺣ţװػС˾½ڹµ棬ڣ̤ɽأ
ʤѾȫųȥˡһһұ˽ЩˣһβҰܣЩ޵ֿΪսҪǾǲܱģǾˣ

ͬһգϴ̨
̨ǾԵľʦŻеŻ򲻹뱱İһͨ뺣˳Ӷϣͨˮϵһֱˮ֮⡣
ڶѻƬսӢʹ½ߵؾ½·оˮ·תʵҩһ̷ֱе£ֱִ̨֮ÿ²ڣפرʮƽΧҲΧĸۿêأͣŸɫĴֻӹıҲ
սı˲٣ӺųƾıҲˣڴһջ̺Уеȥʱͣ⡣ǿճêλø˴Լ̴ս¼Ĵ͵˺ҲҪһʱģΦ׷ŹҡҲǲĹӻ˵ֺŵ̨ɭɭĿ²ڣټ⬼ͦ͹ǵıүǣ־ãôڣӲɣ򣬿ӽ£ܴ
ΪλóҪܱٹҲפصפصڱؾǧ˾ش˵ء䲻٣ȴãܱÿ춼Ϊ鵣ġ
ԭǱ󳼽£ǿҲ֪ж٣Ϊ˵̣Ҷ־򼸺оȫߴȥʣһȥˡٹǧȫļһӪšЩļıӰ͵صĻΪսҵʧҵͷӪͷһ£ЩܶʲôãǹǿŹһΣʱԼˡҲˣıػӶ࣬ЩʡĵģƤҫթȻԴףǹ˲ãеʱôŹȴǹһţֻܱȽЩǹ
ʮٹⷳյֱͷƴүҪõıӹһʼûӦ⼸ȴϢñҲûжٱˣҪҪֻ˲ߡͬſοٹ⣬طӸҹôҲƵӣ
ô˵Сˣô죿
ƽʱоԹĻܣ˴صѲţٹһҹ͹⴦ˡ󷳵úĻƾơѹԴֻͷۡ
Ƥʱһ̳ʮƾƣ̨һ˾ܸһȥ
һ˾ʮյ磬ܱٹ֮뵽ľ
˯Զֺ̨ʰĹٷ棬ԭ̨߳٣һλȥʹһͨȥˡٹڴԴŲ죬Ǹλĳ񣬾ֱɤ£ţţСӵıˣڶҿڣ
ٹһЬӶֱ̨̨棬Ѿ⬼˲ٹٱңٵĻſڵϡٹһԶȥ
һ֮£±
ԺɫĺϣյһƬԣԶУʮձӵѾӺƽצչš
̨õĴڲŶһʮ׵ĵ¹²ڣȫСڡ£Ϊͨ̿ڰ˷꣣Ӿҽơ˵ԼҲôפ̫ࡣ
Щڣȴֱϴˡڴ棬İǱǣ
۾ţʲôˮʦʲôʮ࣬ȴձһֱƵ
ôһ壬ôñôһССĹһֱƵſڣ
һǸʷʱյУ1900شڣڱ˹֮ɱܱٹ⣬ֻеһĳ衣
ȥǧ꣬۹Ͳ뷱ʢʱ򣬶Сڽ£Ұˡȥǧ꣬СһֱĽĿ⿴Ŷǵ۹ѧϰĻѧϰ֣ѧϰһС
ż죬ͻᱻ۹סһݴ򣬴˻Ҫͷϴ׽֮սԮսۡҪ˵֮ˣҲ
Сľ죬ȴҫ뱱ֻİĺϣ
ô£
ٹʶȥεȴһգԼЬûء͵ľ֣˻󺰣ս׼ڣ
վӰѾ𽥸˺ƽ棬ǰ棬һž޴Ļڣװٶʮ׾ڣԸ山ˮʦձΪĺںսЧʤޣǶ½Ϲ̶Ŀȴ
Ҳ֪˶ą̃ѾһƬҵʿǻҵĵܣΧҲ졣ձӰҲԽԽѾսСͻȻһΪԲģһȦȦˣžѾ³࣬Ų
޴ڵڿд˳ص죬źȻըֺ̨Ͻ˾޴һӪڼ˵֫߸աڵУ̳οաôԶľ룬̨Ķһʮڣ֣
ɰʯ߸ֱ߽ٹϡ̨¶λϣ˶ſֻٹֱֱվţʲſ¶
ѡã·߾ûã

ɳڱ𣬴һֱεҹ
տŴɹŶķɳȴտ񱩵ľӵ۶ڻƳγεһƬ統УѾˣֻ߿̶ӵգɳ߶
ײűǵ£صѹһ졣񱩵˼ʱ򣬼ҪϽǸߴĹǽײ
ú԰ڣعŵĶŴȨĹǣ޷ڵأ߸ߵԼϣԱߴŴ׵Ĺ
ҼȻɳҲͬϯú԰Ͼ˲ײõĴɳɳ졣ɫްҵĵƹҲԵյɫס̫ǱˣС޵ķɳһ˫ȹս
⻹еˣһ˵޽ǲƴʿƣȫռ˶٣һͬʣǹǸطȴǹ˵ĵطڷڵޣһô¶ʴһԼڵĹأҲĹǲǣ
˵˼䣬ҪһºģǸطʵҳţ͹Ҳˣ߽˵ʵڵģ˭һ¶ϰȥ˭ҲûŲǣ绹Ҫٵġ˭ȥ⵱ҲνˡǴЩеûģǴĵط˭ŲһǻϰҪ룬ǻжٰӵܣǿûʶֻԼׯڣôһŪΪ׼ˣ춼ˣǻô죿Ҫ˸Ҳһһģã˵˵ǲ
µ̹ͬߣ͵ͿһŹ̧ͷװְ֣ôս¼ڹս֮һʦԮһ˭Ҳ͹ĵҪǲձ˳˷ޣôȥڰ
ŭһգЦһˣ׼ܴӮ
ֵͷͬʱҲ˲ˣصĿһͷڡϣ۵Ѿ˺һƤΪԼȨλһѾ˲ˡ
̫ȼ˲ʦ֮Ҵϼʮ򣬶κβʦţһ֮Ҹɱ佫ʱԮֻҪȨܱʤᶽʮܱ࣬粻ȨôͳЩôóһССģٲ֮ܰǿ¾ҪٶȻţҴɵã̬Ѿ֣ɶ飡ʱ֮λȨ֮ھӵܣ˭Ϊսöʹļף˵Ⱦٴ룬ɰģ
òסЦ̻ͬǴҳˣ
ͬһҲһȨָսҲеˣõȨûȨǲһװְ֣ս½Ǵܲã
ʱ۵󣬺ȻҲţ󳼶ʱؿͷ
С̰ͼǮһֽԼɰģ
Ǯƣ岻棬ʲô
һλãǶҡ
أѵȨô
̫ͬǴļ鳼
ʮıӮһռ˳ʵǧʦ˵ģϽ
֣ٵĵ۵ҲʾҲһ
սϺϷүˣսδǾ䣿
˭ãССģô˵ã
ʥ˶дӾȨ֮䣬ʥ˻д
Ϸүٰٰۣܲȥʧţӿʵʵ˹ģӡȹˣһܣӶҪۣ
˳ںѼƵģһ鲻˵Ǵײ
˳䣬վս԰ܣڶձʱЩִһ㲻ͣġ
ĿŹת˼ǲǵˣʰĻˣôȥֳ֪ʲôӣٴһ̣õϵȨ̵ĵʵúܡڿֵҲ̫˲ʡˣ
ʱͻȻײײĽŲܵĴһͷһȴӢܹܳ˽ֵ̫٣ܹ͵ȻȥϢˡҲû˯̤ʵ͵ĽҪϢҪܹһءӢ׼ʲôϢҲӵģľʵ̫ӢֵλҲѹŹҹ
ϷүϷүںˣǵ½˴̨ܱȫɢ޴ҲѳˣӱŽź߮ڻ
ҶȻѻȸ
վѾƵ˾ʦſڣЩ֪ǣվڻ֮£ٹǧļ֮׷ɢ̨ءЩһǰƽıҲʵûã˵ֻܰ򹻲Żˣһں䣬ɢ˴롣վûв֯ٺС½ͽҪ̨
ŵ뾩ǲİأѵҪһγе£
һŵվȻе£ֻ۵󵳣ګګԡĬ֮£ֻоѧϰߴعһվȭͷС̫Ҳû˵ˣƽʦֻȽǴȥһҪʦıҲҪѹӴȥ
ع뼤ȴû˸ͣ۵̶ͬĺ«ƵġûӣʷϣֻҪڴڵ½ˣûӮǿɲ֪վʱûֱӹԱֻվϽ˾ʱ⣬ؾ׷ɢԺϮԵĵ½
һƬţҲ֪˶ãҵۺֻ࣬ǲֻ̻ˡ⻩һ죬ߣһըףݶը죡
Ŵưö£ɳУյױꡣ
֮·Ҫú԰ݵԺ꾭ѽɵûʹң֮׵ƽ

ɳһⱱǳױһ硣
԰ڣҲһƬ̡
սǰͲˣҲءİܱͷҲһЦһ㡣ҶΪûʲô飬һڳʴ˴ʤ̵Ϣ˵Ϣ˵еүƶû룬ͷϢһһʤʤ𺣶ͲѪۼ
죬̫ҽ͵͵ӦϮ⣬׼ˡ
Ѿ˰򣬸ݵϣ۾ԲҲ֪Щʲô
ȵȼүָϽŷԸ顣Ҫǰ£ɶ࣡
ֻһֱڹԱߣĿʮүү
δʩۣ֬˳ڷֻΪϲͷЩӱͲǿڸӵʤ¡ֻһ˫۾峺ˮ
ͻȻеʲô춯Ҳתͷ͵͵ʣôˣ
ǳǳһЦүү֪
Це㾫񣬶֪һһɡ壬ûǸˡ
ؿڸƵģ⼸仰˵÷ޱȣϵЦЦվȥʡ
߳źһͻˣԱߣϸĶͷûгȡһֱЦûʲôձں˴̨Ϣһֱ˵ԱʿҪȥú԰ߵڣ̫ء
㣬һκŵ͵͵ǡһͻˡ
·عⷵһ㣬˵Ҳȶˣ¾޼ҵĽɽˣɩӣ˭סǴڣȴܲסи֮Ȩѽ˼䡭һˡӱڴڣֻȵһ˵ˣȻ˭ҲȥۡˣˣҲˡ
һεεĵȴûп͵͵үүⰮ¾޼ңš
㣬һ˹̣ŵʲôšЦŽתѾͷôһȵۣͿˡСףǸǸϮʲôӣ㻹Ҹõط˰ɣҸǮٰʮУġɩڣҲ㡭̫ˣѪ
˵ֽͷת˻ȥ˭ˣֻˡˡ
ԽԽᣬתž
Ԫһ˾ʮҹް

ú԰ڣȻһƬţҶ꣬ˮҲƵ㣬кú԰⣬֮һƬããģʮɼˡ
Сڻһ˵ȴԶƺһֱҹաϸƺ˾һ޺е
ڶһ£һӢӢ⣬˳ȥһɫӲ԰׵ת˻ϷүھԱкȱԱеʿӣʿѾۼú԰ſڣߵš
һ齣˭Ϣȥģ
Ӣ죬û˵ﲻ뱱Ǿİ½Ϣͨıӽµĳ
ԽԽ죬ҲԽԽߡķҵһ֣죬ȥƣô¶ձ˻ûţҸʲô
æ𣬺ͼ󳼲̵ֻĳţðŴһ·Сܵú԰ſڣôľ룬ǻɡڵǼ󳼶ܵ͸ʪ̳һ
˽ţú԰ſڣ֮ͿƵĹâ£ſˮУѹѹĲ֪˶ˣ
ٵĴŶӣŹٷĴųϰմŶ̴磬赱У˲ϵĸϵŵĶԽԽ׳ú԰Ļſڣűǹ֪ʲôźá
»ңߵ⿴ͷĶǰ棬þȫʲôƹ𣿾Ϸүȼݣлϵʥݣγ𣿶
ſǰ漸ٶǱ̧ͷʲôʱˣ㻹˵Ӷ½ˣôģֻдʵ˻Сӣ̫ϲӦǾ͹
쿴⼸ٶʷ̨ġʷٺ͵۵Щϸ˵½Щƹˣ۵ͼذ˰
ԽԽֽű⿴۵Ķ˵ˣǰһĶǹЩǺôգȴǴģ˻ԽԽ࣬ðⳡ꣬һֱӿ
ǰĶԻ֪˭Ϸүͻϵ˻ؾʦ
˻ؾʦ
˻ؾʦ
ս£ãһôͳ˵̩ɽ֮ҵѾ֪˵ʲôźáԺͻȻһͷҲ۵һǸΣյֲϷүΣҲصʦ£ڿҲѾûа취ˣһﶼʦˣ˵ĴʱֵˡֻнȦϣ취ʰɡô˵Ϊ˰֮ģ콫ȻǲòҲ֪Щ۵ѾҪ콫Ϣ˶áֻҪؾʦͱʲôǿھʦֻпˣϽЩɽı
̼֮£ӱƽʱ֪˶٣¾˾ϡֻǺһǺţϸʧǣȥ̫ͻϣܻˣ
УĲ̶ֻȥֻкѹѹȺһ߹һĺ˻ؾʦ

Ԫһ˾ʮҹ
Ѽ̽
ע¡
żڽϣ¶ããѲӾ䡣꼸γǽܶ͸
˱֮£ͷβĶ飬첽ͨšÿʿű£ǹڼϣͷšżһͿռǰĲġ
һϣȫǲııĸʲ˴ŲǹУվڳߵĽŶء
ˮһϣ۾Ҳס
ģˡðҲ֪٣ʮҪӻҪϴ̵棡ԼŮ˶û˯Ρӵȵˣ
һָӶнͨľٲˣñˣ
һһҪߣԱ߳ЦˣԾѼ̽һʲôԣǹһ£մനǷǰԱ˸зܰ
һЦһ䣺ھһ仰Ƽ
˵žʹЦŲ˸ţǰѾ꣬ʱͣཫʿͿһһȣʮʿһ㴩Ѽ̽ϡˮڽˮϼʮ｡
һ̣ʿʮ궼ǡ
һĽ̤ĸأˮֹƱѸߣ¶յ㷱ǡղŵı꼲磬ͺⰲҹɫûаֹϵһ㡣
ʿµñӣͷź嫵Ǻ˾̾ǹ䣬һǧϡ
һҲ죬ߵʱ򣬾һ͵͵˵һ仰ˡ

Ԫһ˾ʮգͣ콫ȱһη콫ϴӪղΣȫս¡
һʦϢʱۡ͢ʡԷĵ籨ת֮
ܡ


ʮһ 𴦴
Ԫһ˾ʮա
س⡣
ڣǶɭܵʱɽͷдеģһ·ĴسԱ߾תĸƽţׯ
ڵͰسǵĳͷձ½죬ڴ̫ɭɭƮšسڶסˣֻڿţźɫձʿŴʽǹǶվñֱſڣձʿֱû˽
ͻȻ䣬Щձʿžһģ񡣾ͿſһƷξεľٲȶžʮձѺŵĳӡ
ЩӶǶõ̫ƽֿԯһǰһںƣżżĴ󳵡װŵĶʳɲϣȫűӵйգͷųӣжˣôнڳſڼ˺ô̳þòɢЩûһ̧ͷ·Ʈһ̵ֱ˵档
վڶ½԰ȴӶ˳Ҫ򱱴򣬴Ӹݴһֱɱȥڸƽһֱ׷ȵׯ̨һ½ͳսҲѾĵòˡҪ䵯ҩƣٶȷ𹥻ׯ̨һתݣһֱвֱƽԭ
ڼ䣬ڶһֱòı̡ҪΪΪⳡս£ձҲǽԼϵӶͳˣսҲԽԽ󣬾ϳ̵ôɾܸڶϵҩ˲˵Ӫڻȫﻮ½ɽĹսϣҪڶ͵ʱڶֱĳ
һׯ̨нΪĽӪͷأǰ棬طǱȱǺ޵ֿľġվСһصĹļӪͷʮԸƽڶΪ򶫣ʯţľǣҡʮ򣬾ȫ䣡վǹûϼ죡
һطسƹ˿ܼʳʢվ̾˵أʳǿãڴ̵±ЩйԼʣԴԴϵڶͣΪ֧һսĴ
⳵ӳسǣ˵·Уתۼͽܲĵشߵ࣬ЩѺվһСȴɢɢġôˣЩʱǰֿҲޡڶ˾ٴɽҴ󽫵ۣ֧ǻһʶδȫѵĹأֿشһط𡭡ء

·ԵɽֵУͻȻḶ߽̌Ǳ߾Ӧͣһʱڵ·ԴԶ
һݵ棬ȴĶǴųͲƤӵĺǡһװ֪ǹĴܸӡĴƤΪҰƤӷ죬ϿҲůͣ
ЩԷֳɼӣԶԶţСӼпܷԲݡЩСӶǲģ˶ҲҪٷһ롣ЩɫҵﵱУжʮŻɫʽƤѥŴñľˡһǰ洫źţЩ˱űϢһ¶
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ĸҲǺڻӰһˣʮԴҪռһɣǾͲҪˣֵ
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Щҵļǰ֪ΪʲôǰһԱĴֻǾ÷ꡣ
Ŷбϣ̤أܿձ˾ٴɽѪطĲ棬гͷƮ죬ץİգյĴ䣡
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Щǵ֮䣬Щɢģ䵥վ飬ΪʲôͲϮ
ҺԼ˽ƤҺŵˡǰûձˣأһսЩϵҫһձӣǹúһҪҪܣҪֻб׽
͵һеޣ̲ס͵ͺ˳λҵģôɢĶҲ༸ëˣûǾô򣿡
ҵıһ𣬶ګګĸԽ͡
͢ټҺСӿֲ̣͹ټһ·
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СξҲǷʿͥһ㺺飬ʿѧУڶ˽ʷȵ£۾⼸ŻҲ̴ѱǰеڿдеɽڣڵ͵ءξ̲סͲʱ˵Ĵ󷢸п
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ŭУһ٣Ѿȳ£ų£߸ߵ󡣽žɽҰɫӣХĸų£ߣǹǹٵø߸ߵġ
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ʮձǺ޻֮ıѹϤĿƺŴ¶зӦЩҽеձգգ۾Ҳơһ˵ձӻҵлͷתмȥʯͷԴ
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Ӷˬ죬һк飬ľȥˡŴعˣ˼ʮ֮⣬Ǽ򶼴վţҲû˸ȥʰ·ϵĳӡ
һ֣ԼʳؼңߵģˣǶ߳Ҳû٣ʮӾѺǵܣ
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ľ󣬻ϸطǲӣѾȫչ±ľǣƵ˺ǸԴԴϮչվСӡձڶɽҴ󽫣ȵķ֣ӾʮտʼһʱͺܶɢȥΪվĲʧȥϵϸأȼڴţһĽϾҪ
һҹɽ⺣ٳԶ棬ڵʹϦ£֧ĵĸ˻ϣʮ߸ߵֱ
ձвں˴һձϽӣѾҪ֮⣡


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ɫĶнںɫϣԽѼ̽ʼǰĲδͣıѡĵ·ɰˣɽأĦһֱתţׯׯ̨һߡȻǰǣĴϵʱϵ߻ûбͻƣ
·Ȼֱ߾˵нΪ걸Ĵӷһֱͨг߾ĵ·һĽ߻ǹΪǸɣʹõĵҩҲһ㲿ôͨЯ϶ʹɲվڶһϴ̵നˣ
յ£һǰڸĵ·Ͼ̳ڸ·ڸָӽͨľͷȺĴӡ龭Щ·ڣͺͣȷķǰҰսӵĺ棬Ǽ·󳵶飬Űɫ·ĳҲͬĽš
·Ұ棬󣬴ŲͬѾߣʣµҲֻΪͨѶʹˡΪ쾯䣬һصһЩϵĳʻӣЩҲгͷ͸ġ֮Ҳ˵ӱĽϵһսˡ
ǿоÿоʱʮСʱҡͷѾɽһǰѾһƬɽ룬ĦҪ䣬Ħ룬ǰѾƽԭ

ˣɽһؽӪͳ𣬷Ħξƣμˣ
һԼӪ棬Լ궫ߣǣŽһЭ˻ʦݵļоļоһʿ˵ͷͿϢͳ˧״ȥѲӪúͳạ̊́ս¶䣬ǣҲ࣬ʦ˴ӣеľҪ̵㹻ĺôҲûаʱϢĲ˸ɵģ´˭Խ˭ȥˣ
ȴµҪæˡүǶǺʹƵģҲûʲôĿġYYǶ˫̥ƷСӪ㲻ź򣬳СӢİҲǺõİ
йʱѵõĻ롣ϽֱӣԸ
һ·ǧʦֱˣŽӵ׷͵ĵͣѾǷ콫ˣղطҲȫϡҲţ·طȨȫоṩ򣬸ɢؾݣĴ֮¡
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ξЩиأɢؾֽڼս󣬾æҵĽﲻһһŵõǡأ˾۾֮ءĲʵڲôҪ㣬ŷ˰ʮʮļ˵Щɢؾе֮ӣʿ֮ˡ
ЩرĿͷβĻɫ̳Щǽų֣ؾЩһͽеҩ⣬Ⱦܣ
һ԰ڰղ󳼣콫ȫȻգټؾĲܸɣٻڻתʰɣ
ﰲοԼϣҲڳˣԼ콫ҲһǶʹȥɡ
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һһ֣ʲת۾˽һʮͣСʵź춥ӣܱɫƹӣһһۣʱʹǧȥܱ𣬲μţ
ǸʮĺӣһƹƯƯûñӣŶƺͣҡޣЦĵ˵·콫ּ͢ʰ֪ĸģǹ첻ȹڣֻϱıͳҪģǿĸͷҲûʲô
һվɨСһۡٶˣƱҲˣʲôģЦְģУĵ£Ҳƽ顣ؾĦĳξƣžһҲڵӡҲ־ͷ𣺡ˣ˵ɡôĦ룿վڸƽҲǾɽôƵĦ빥δôģ
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⣬ûһûشġ
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ѵ˵챳ʱţʵ˭Ҳӵǲѵ˵Ѿһһת˹һһе䣬ĸļӪͷãλʱҪסҡվ񼯣һϷ𹥻֮˭ҲûĶסׯ̨һߣ
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ſڽһӣһǧȥĦ룬ʲôֻ֪ȾŷԸֻǱֻӪˣҩеҲȫͲ¸Ӫźöá
ԱߵļƼһЦŰ¶úú˵˵ǷӪҲˣ͢һ߶һʵۻءǷӪˣֵ¾дǧ˼Ȼǵķ콫ǷǵãпηѣҷѣβӡҲͷ˰ɣֵŷ켸үǶˣ
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հ¾ޣ˽ҧ˭Ҿͳ˭ʡί
һУ⴫ƵĲҽУƤްתۼǼʮȥûиͣʱִ˾ŵӵʣȥеĦӪȥˡŲ䣬ȴǳЩžһ
ÿٹɨ˹ڵϴҲҳһۣЩ⺷ȫʽװľһɱֶ֮˼֣ǱĿϣһ㡣
һһĿҲͶ˹С¶Цǰһ
һһۣ̾˿̯Ӱ
߹ȥ򣺡ˣҲҪˣǽת˵һҸҽܻأ㵽ʱפǵģûŸʲôȥӪͷǷãҰˣ
ʱ𻹸ָʲôǷãæĿͷ޲뿪ʡ߳ʣ۾ѾƼƶˡٲҶ˵ʲôͷܡ
֮ڣһƬžоٶ°ⲽһ֮󣬳ŵĸӲ
һͷߵŵĴͼǰ档ָﻬׯ̨ţׯձڶؾȡٽָָɽغһ֧վ½ɽһ幰ܵҰսڴսʧ塭Ҳ͵ֿȥˡ
Ŀⶢһѵõʵˣôȷ
һһЦҾ֪ǴԽģ
ŵͼѾʰ˳ʵĹӣҴĵʦԮϣܹһʿһ·ˣһңһʷһһļ簡֪ܲסձڶ𹥻Ĳ֪ǻü
һЦˣߵⲽʲôԥأս½еΣ˶ֻ֪ǽ
һͷݣҪϵĹˣݣʹǼʱϵ֮ǰվѾׯ̨һûĴŽǴȥѹؽ˳Ǽ𣡡
ˣҶԴŲɣ
һͷ
簡磬ȻףܵԽңĵ·ԽкôǡڶһҺ֧ǾͲһ㣿ܵһ㣬Ԫһ㣿Ҵ֧ڶ֮ǰͲҪͣ
ǣСǸһԼѾ㹻ˣԮڵ̬ҲѾֻҪܰձڶ򼸸Сʤ̣ȼԡ
ɽڳһпסڶǰĲƴĶ۶أԼҲû߰벽·԰ǿӲֶһʼͼһ壬ɱҶ־ҲûֻҪǸҲúộں࿳Դ
ôԲѳĽʿԲЩеĿⰡ
ˣǰҲࡣάȫ׼򣬻ǵȴ˵ɡ

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ȴڣȥɥҲҪȥοʹʲôġɩӺֵַֺܷϺϵһӣ֣Ҳǵ˼ᡣ
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Ӣһ裬ģϣ·õһ㣬ͷҲ̧ʣŵôˣ
ӢһʲôҲȱһŵ빫תϷүﶼźˣ͵СӴػ˵ҹϷү
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ӢƲƲ죺ưأ
첻Ҳ뺹սսĻرưͻߵýϲּⶼֱǶҲû
һСˣСӴʲôڹ˶ˣҲ룬ôЩ겻Ϸүƶ棬ô̩񰲣أ
ҲҳĿűվǶʪճ˵ܡ
ҪҪ򡭡ù˭Ƽ˲ǣҲǻ죬ô׼һ콫ּ⣬ӲǰϷүأҲˣԼɽۣ
ҲһˡҲһ䣬㸧ꡣٰܸҲˡʱٿǲҪＺگ°ҪϷүܶ
Ӣߺ͵ģڣһɹɵĺ硣վһƬհף治ףԼǶԻǴ
ҲˣСҲˣϷүͻ֮û˵һ˵޷콫尡壬ٶˣǲɾˣ

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ڿ¹ĵͼıš
ͬҲͬվڹһ
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ʤڣһְ콫λӮһ̣ͬȻ㲣ɾͷȴõòС
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龫ǵĲٳⳡս°ֻҪʤˣʲô˵
ͬ΢Цϣսһʤձ˾ˡҲͶףʥλӮⳡսµģɽ˻ȨϡССձ֮󣬶ʢˣǴֻҪܣʲôӣʱϳˣϿҰ½̷ͬ볯˸ûһĿʱ˭ŻϣϡҲú԰ˡ̷ͬôĻǺеģһϳȥ»ϵ˴
΢Цº͵Ŀʦʦ֪벻ġ
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ڴׯ̨һ֮Ϊ̨֮һʹá򣬹˳ԵʳԵĲϾ֣ʿľÿǷţǲܲԶЩʳԾ͵ƽԭһ֡ǰ콫Ȼھ²ûٸ졢ưǵҡҲǶ÷콫ȻһղͷζûõڳǰתʳǲġûԵģĵͷꡣ
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˵Ľ׷̷ͬĳҰв٣رվ½֮˳ûǵٵٵѾȻҲ֪ǲȨλ¹ӱš
վһϵнչ˳䣬ձϽڻ˧һЩΪе㻺üои೼Ϳ뿪۵ľʦڵ۵ͷҵ˲ˡùٲߣһ˵ƶĸϣҪȥˣԸùٶʦͻ糱ͽѳТӡ
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ЩӣϺüһãͱĲϣһֳضҲкϺЩĳ͵ġǿЩ۵ĸߵֱΪϣϺʰɽء
̷ͬΪҰ֮ȻͳôһȦӵġʱı񵢸պһ𣬵ۼ٣˭Ҳ֪æЩʲô
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ȽϣԱ߼˺Ȼ
ڻʵ󣬿ɲҲһ
Ҳˣѣƫƫһ죡
ǸֳƣôΪʥָ·
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ֹٲֹܣ۵ߣҲֻš
ֵ˯ֲ˯ţֻòסԼȡһһ衣ŹڴһĴ
żһȺڰҹ﷢ȴӰҡŵֵļ¾ɫǲ԰ס
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ȵĵ˼ʱ򣬾Ų춯Ӱһȴͬ˳үɫҲѿúܣ˲١¾Ͻվͬ͵ʵûɶĵ籨
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¾ҡҡͷүû˵ĵ籨ķԸǶ˵磬룬а㵢飬ĸ¶ءƫƫûС
ͬüëøһ֣ȴЩͣվǶ첻һӡ
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ͬͷ·һ˹ŭһ֣תʹ˽ȥ¾һۣ͵͵˳
˵浱үźݲʹŲɻУһҲмʯףү
ͷӸֻһĵ籨
ŽϷүб˷ˣﻹǲ̤ʵŽһȵˣ
˼ҿǸɷ˼СӵĴӢۣƵ
ڿЩﶼۣ˵˵
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عֻĿͬͣ»ʮӪԽӽġѾ˲ţú԰Ӫķžˣ㻹ͷ֪
һصͬͷϣһͿ˿ˤ÷顣
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ͣ⼸仰ģͬû壬̧ͷʡѾ΢Цų֣ƽ֣ټ

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ʮ Ȩϣ
ˣǰѾǽݣӪǰ̽Ѿ˴Ӫţǵˣ
ҲƵĴǰϻʿͷ󺹣Ӿø߸ߵġһĻر˹һŵĴϯϢĶྲһĳоҶɫƣҹ·ǰУ߲ݣں涪һ·ǡӪΪжѸ٣߰˰ƥڲֻʣһһƥһΪľǾϵһʰһиղ󳼵ĻƤѣ˭Ҳ֪⻢Ƥܳãһ·һ̫Լڴǰжóˡһб䣬ļƻҪգս־޷ʰϾֻƾһˣûл֮
ٶҧӣ񱼸·˳㰧̾һԼôôࡣ˴ԽŪյľٶʹòʲôııѹѹˡ˶ʷһɲƵġ
ҪôӴصʷ֣ӹй켣Ա仯ÿһŲҪԽͶһȥƴ
ֱɽӣһѾƣĶͣϢһ¾ݣ˳̽ǰʲôҪһͷĪײȥ
̽رʱڵϣĶԸһţͷڳҭˣͨҪˮСҲڳԷһѿûƼµº˧ˡ
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Ѿ׷һ˴ر죬֪ĸӪͷ
ʿɵξŵӪͷ԰ղϾ󳼣ݵλˣôӪͷ˴ưӪͷأӪͷأôղ󳼶ǰ棿
һͬеԱݺʿɣѡһõ˳ֵĳҲԭġ϶Ԧ·ڣͷȥϾǴסЩ߰ӪͷȻһͷСײȥҲҪʲôıݾͱȳ̫ˡʿɣȻҪϤĳһϵ
ˣһ㲻áǸûƤûģϲһ˵ϻЦԱ󽫣ûǾһǰգֻǺ͹ٱһ·ϵȤúܡ
ʿɺʹʴڳԷµʲǶĹͷվǸȥһźҡͷβҲûһۡ
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Ҫɵûﻰ˼ҪѾ壬ѾԼ
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ߵزܵ͢Խңȡĵ·ԽסǣͿȻڽҪôܽҰĳ״ȥ
ڶౣһЩԪʵʷУδʮΪΣĴУûôһĻᡣ
ҪԼûߵһûҲͷɧҲˡԼƫƫᰡ̫˽ʵʷձΪⳡսѾʲôĲ״ˣⳡʤձǶôֻҪټһ£ȡһ£¶Ѿң
ŪվŪհɣƽʱˣװBۣŮˮ˼͵͵ǽǡЩ׻Ѫġ
ߵһܰ״Խ
Ķţ˶Ÿ˵˼һֻһЦݵң
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ʲҲͽǣ˹һȷݽ档һץͻȻתͷվʿɣЦͤôˣ
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ʿֻǿһıӰһڶǰ棬ͷƮͷҲأֻ΢Цһ֣ǵĿʱȫǰ
£ʿǰСȫȻ֮Уֻͷ죬һֽУСӵѪţģ

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е۵ϯֻʣõͬã͢ʽã־ʷةõȵ۵ǸɣҲ׷׶ְáҳ٣ҡǰ۵鲼ţķʢһתۼͱ˻
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Щڵ۵ﵹùĹٶҪǿصĻţȥ´ģһָƽ㻹ʲô񣡡
ͬǰ֮أֻðһݷݵдϴ¡֪͸¶ͷԽ۵ٶս²γԼͷҲ֪ʲôĸָ㡣
󵳸𣬳˸Ϸү밲ͬЦ⣬һָֻŵۣ£ҪЩϳ
еľǿף˵Ķ۵ˣϷүҲûȻÿ춼ƾÿΣĵֵ¡ߵӢųϷүҪģʲô¶ҪϷүܶ
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죬ͷ֪ôƮһۣԽԽ㡣
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ҥԽ㣬ǰǿǵĻԽƣӴүǶҸ߰˲һĭһļơ
鳼ˣѴŪ̴䡣ͷϻڣ߶и˧
ҶƵľʦսнβʱ򣬰Ǳӿ˭Ѱҳ·˵Ļ粻壬˭Ҳ֪ڵ

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ҵļս£ȴôһٰ֡˵£ʽ
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µһЦ־ͽԼŵǵ籨һɣֽƬĵҷɡֵæĴСеȥ
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ЦԽļڽֻǵˡˣϽر̫ɣһȥձٲءۡ棬£ǰˣǽˣ
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»ҡͷûص磬֪
һţռҵģͿ籨ʲôʱȥģԻϵ岻ǣ
Ѿתǰҹͷȥˣϵ塭ر̫ȥɣǶ㶢ţҪǾǸ£ǰˣǽˣ


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Ҷ죬తӡҥ˵ǳ͢ҪԷղϵܰ󳼡ׯ̨Ѽӣưļ˲أȴڽݳĺģҪ١廹ûԣ£ĲսһѾӡ죬ƺҲûٲӵ˼ѲӪûһΡ
һƬУͻȻͳ˽Ĳģµĺ˧Ѿϸӣղ£ҪӹȫָӴȨ
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Ϊʱ򣬲ͻȻڴӣҲͻȻڴӡһ䣡
ʿսϣɹദͽĴӵʱ̤ˮУӳ£һССĲʺһֱָǰһͻȻǰǺεȵľ
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Ωһ֮ƣڱǱ߻Ӧʱҹ̣ѸײڶٶϵıȨֻҪͨѶĿ׵ǵ籨УͲѴ⼸˶¡ʱùѹôѹúôдѵֶοӣ˵ﶼûд
˴һ춥ǰ棬ȴ֪ǷưפìҲһ۾Ϳˣڽݳǹפı͢ˣڴӶǵùӣɴײˡˣСɴͨõȫڶӦϢŶɹӡ
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һȺʲӪٵĴ£ųӣţҲƵıӭԶԶľ͹һλãѾܿо˧ʣҲܿ˧ǰѹѹȺȺƣӦ½ֱӭġǰ죬վȫӡȴױӪٴעʮϽˣٻҪӡ
Ǳ߶һصĸʲǣӭӵ̶ģɼׯ̨һܣ˶ٶ˻ߵıһǳһ°ͣʱߺȥ
ٸʲؿͷȻų˶ӣţ˷̧ˣž͵Уһһﵱȣֱо˧ʶȥһӰ׷ԲԵͷһӭɤŶһſӭղˣ
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һʻһϸ졣λ׷ϽǽʵһӪ˵ȣҲֱ㶵Ķһơе죬·ھ̾һᡣɨһĽһͷӣׯ̨һսǵֿ󣬵˽񶼴̮ˡ
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һճۣˣǸǶ༦ˣʱǾһ񣬺ԩΪ
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֮࣬Խòһôһҵԡž൱ֱ֮磬ⷬҲ񡣾鵱УҪľ׳֮ǹĶǣӬӪ
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촽䶯·ſʿһ㣺ͤδ䣬һѾ۵Ŀ˳ţǵòۣǶǧӣĵ
ҪûãҪеûеǴΣܵÿĽݣǺ͹»ҰһǷʿ󣡡
ģ͢鳼ˣ۸Ӳǵţʲô
ţղ󳼵Ľƣ쾭壡Ǹ˽ݣ
䣬žһƬ·оǰһһͷÿ˵ЩžΧıͣ˶ɤӺУ·Ҫбԩһ𺰽г
һֻǸĿһס̶һ˲䣬ƺʮֻ꣬ǱĿԡ
ȻѣǰԸʹȻʵҲǾ˼ǣȨ䣬ɻµͷﻮԥҪӪаһ˭֪ʲôʱղ󳼵ͷƾҲûˡپǾʱ䣬֮ģʱһ˼ǰͷͶࡣҰټԩĳ֮ϸϸǵʱ䣬һپ糱
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Ҳ֪˶ãΧȺԽԽߣ˵Ŀⶼϡ֧ӵ˿ɼǼһղλȨأҪǵһԶ
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һͷҲ˺ˮҪʼղӣҲֻеͷȥʲô׳־Ӵ˶ϾƣʧȥԵӰ̵ᡣǸһļ磬ҲֻһΣ
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˭ҲڷϴɫҲû˸ҿҲڣڴףһС档ʮվ䣬Ҳһԡֻ̺ڴߣʱɫңĽͷǰ
֪˶ãڹŵ˶ûӲʱһ̾ôҪ˵Ҳ̵ģǻʲôӣϣأ
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һҧݣǺײŰѱǵⶨĴ֣ٲ˵ңһְȥˣûϵıûյطȨһԵŵĵ籨²ùܣһһķ籨ھղ󳼣콫һһҵΣֳĻ£һôˣҶ
䣬ֻǲסͷӦͷתľ볯˳ȥֽסûϵ壡ʵڲУûױӣΣҪȵĻ

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ժͷϵĴñӣʱ򣬲¶ͷ浶һƣǳ͢ˣʮ꣬Ⱳӣôˡˣ͢µĵûµּûղ󳼡죬ΨֻҪȥӱ𡭡
ͻȻһ̴ٵĿ޺۾һŴ󣺡ӵܣׯ̨úòң
һ޺էżգʮİ׷ϽһͦñֱҧӴ߿͵ƿʣĺ˸ߴ߳Ȼֹ˵Ŀⶼת˹죬
Ѿٲԥ͵İγ嵶ӭȫӵеĿ⣬ȣȥݣȥָȻȥɱӱ𣡡


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ׯ̨һս֮ƴҰսķʢȶӣһŹӵڵܻû£ǾѾת񱼣һһҹ˾ӵ˽ݡȣͳڹǰׯ̨ܱһŷݳǼնʱʼѣٸͳ˳ҪӡӡǱǿģµĳξ죬ȴһ⡣˳Ȼǿڽݳǣȴκ¶ˣȫȨԼڹ񷢶
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ʢӵݣȻǿռ񷿣°ݣаУһֺ˶ΪսӣֲԼ£ɧŵطһҪӷýݣղ󳼣ưղ󳼵ͷĶͷ˾
˭Ҳû뵽ȻȴڽݳǡưҲڴŸʲǣȴ֪˵ʲôղͷĴ󽫾Ȼ˳˽ݣһפ˱һפɽݰ벽СĴ죬Ȼо̬ƣҥҪһղܰ󳼵λãдøаģ˵Ƿ̫Ϸү˳ӣҪ̣սµĻϺÿ
µߵĪڴˡʢ֮󣬸ǵļӱڽݳҲǵ֮ءսʧǲЩ̫үݰոɴﲻӳȥͶ׿ѣ򼸺һǡ
Ҳް沼ݳǷ˼Ӽѡפĵطٶͼѡĺ÷סͼԼþڳסţûӣȰ˼Ǯˡݳ⼸ٲľ󣬵ǸԷɵĶķĵȻ죬̲϶Ǯ˯γаսؾ󣡷ЩǲŲʣΩһٴԼʲױӪס˽ݳǵĹٵ籨ÿʱҪפڵԯͨϢһĳȥ籨Ҳ֪ڵʲôϢ
̶̼Ϊ챾˶ˣȣվƣްֿӽΪȻãҪȾƣֻɱл£
ξӢֱȥ籱ߣϷүͻǲǲҪڵĵطˣˣָϣǾָֻһˣ
죬Ͼηұ仯ܶ׵űϢ۹࣬ȴǾ޶֮ڣﲻĸֵͣۡ͢ģȻӰ
˭Ҳ˵۹ôˡ
Ϊ飬ЩƢа̶鲻㡣ʮ꣬˵СӾƫƫûаȣ޽࣬ͷ⻬һ˿ңҲţһӵȡƵϵ£Ҳ˵Ƣõģź򣬿⼸죬ƫƫһ
ʹһԼ潹תרϷĵóˣǩӽҲ֪˷ĸȥ֣ټһǽ𻪻ȡҹԯ˽̵ر
ʱùͨٵ籨Ϣĸʲͳڹſ̽ͷ̽ԣ
ˣתȦƼĸʲͳһţʲôϢûУ
ͳǷռҵֶǵõšׯ̨һսͷҲúܡҪ֪һ˵£ʢ˵һͿˣܵĵ·ģֶͳսָŸʲǵǹ嵶Щ·ӱкӲŷһ·ӵ˽ݣ
һ£ͳʱ˽ǧ֮ګګ˵ɫ࣬ԼĶͷûϢôˣϷүǶôˣ
Ļȴ˵ڣֻתʮ˲Űͽᵽĸͳ˻;ĶԶء˼УһսϷүնһæľҧˣ
ׯ̨ΪΪһʬɽѪҪ˵جΣǼٵġµˣֻǿšϷүĻƤݣư֪ˮȻͲҼƽˡǾڵʲô˭Ҳ˵壡һһǶվȽŸأһϷүֻأ˵ģưܰҧ
ʱԽã˼Խǹٵ籨̨߻⼸ЩɫĳֽȻһ
ֶҲ֪һ飬Ƿˣݣʱ·ŵӣӲͷƤȰˣ㱱һʱ籨Ҳûʲô˲õģưܰѴôȾˡ
Ϳ쵰ʲôͷӺưʧ̬Ĵһ׾ƤͻȻĶ뷢ֲ֪﷢ת˼ȦȻıסԴ
ׯ̨òҰʬɽѪծԩծûʲôɻһ壡ǿҶ־Դۡ͢һ첻ղ󳼵ͷһ첻ҳ۾һգ뵽ׯ̨峯ٶ꣬ôôһƫƫûκε
ͳҲ˵üǷе͵һͦӣˣһݣ¾˺©ӿҩ裬ԴҲһ󶴣
Ƿˣ͵һЦбۿ˹ȥƾǣ˴Ӯӣһһӣɱ·ֻбų͢ӣţһڻĿŵԳ͢ô챣ӣ͢ĵͿҲղ󳼵ˣƽһأʲôǿ
仰˵÷ԼᶼҪæĶάסһȣ¶һţ̸ǣҵ籨˯ţȱǱ߶ϢٵˣȥǣɽңȥɽӣⱾҲҪ·ô¶·£أһؼұӣ
һ䣬ͳȥˣҲ˹ܼʰ׼籨ָԯˡҲϢվǶʰ
ԯæҳһŵʱͻȻӶ淽źХǺᣬž󣬱һľײڳԯĹ棬Ǿȸһ졣
˶ͣĶȥ˶䡣
ХһţԼĳתΪĸ߿ƺˣھݣƺׯ̨ǳսУսѳĸʿͷɽХһ㲻ĵĺ
ɫ԰ףվͥԺĽ£ЩʰˣҲȫ
ݳҲҵĽŲ޺ڳ𡣸ûͷӬҲƵĵײԯڣȴһƬһļž
Ҳ֪˶ãŲ춯Ǹʲͳʮͷ󺹵ײһ۾Ϳڽǰ
ˣӶž죬죬нĲ죡гɶ飬Ҫǣȫˣ
淢죬ȴһ仰Ҳ˵죬ĵʵ͢ĵͻûһѾ˽ݣƻһղ󳼣ǻ˼ϷүƤǸɱǿɲ֪᲻ᣡϷүϷүôͰҷأ
ճǡճǡ򡭡򡭡
Ͱ͵ЧҲšˣҪõķ㣬Ϊսûжֻм̣Ҫ͵ͬʹࡣӪΪķʢûȰһ߲˵ׯ̨ӣҲɥʧΪͳ˧ϣ˵ݣղӣǺôһ㣬ȷʵָӲˡɴͷɣһܷšʱ򣬽жٱ˵׼ĶҲ˵׼ǱճǵֿǸûϷ
ôͲׯ̨̤̤ʵʵأôͶǸղܰ󳼵ĶأӮСձҲڵȵ
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ǸʲͳȴΪ֪Ѿɵˣǰһͼŷ̨ϣһְֻγ嵶۴ˣ˵籨ƴţֻҪһǶʥּ˭ҧһëֻҪȵʥּǾл·
ʮʲһӿϣ˾ͳԯܣǹγ嵶һͷһֻԯЩ˿޵ҪţȴЩƻĸʲ߿
һԯţƼݽֵȫҷ׷׵ɢЩүǶǳҹǮͦʬʱ򶼱ѣڽֵܡ˳ˣ˭Ҳ֪׽ôͷѾһˣŴ󳨣ҶûͷӬһܣ޵ġƿڴҪһôĲ춼ˣɱǹ˭֪жͷأ
ЩʲֻٴеŷױӪصĵ籨ȥڵˡٷҲˣͷҲˣ۾ֱУֻǿ޽һԩծ

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ǴģױѾڶ࣬ƽսסİջѾڲֻнǹɲԯ
ŵʳٺͷһصľʱ˯ǺεݣµĸʲҲסһ¸嵽ͷɤŶ¡ʲɴǰסͷ˻ֱͣ棬ʱȴͷµˣʲô飬ζЪˣ°˰ɣ
ڶԺҵãʹҲҪʿĭӣ޺޶վһŲӶûֱ죺˵
һ̵Ĺӵ㣬һӡɫ࣬СԺӲסתȦƴĳסʱ²·ǲĹһȦȥֱƤŹͷȴӱˣ˭ҲѾһسڵʲô
һͿǱŲӣǵĸһ˿Ц⡣
ˣôˣͬըˣСӲ̸ˣ
ǱõĺŲɤţϺƶ·𣺡ôһ¶Ϸү׿ڴͣҪ²ܣŵ籨Ϸ籨ţ˺ŲҲûв鵽ݵ籨ĺͷҪ˵ˣʡŵ籨Ҳûһ籨ȥ͢ı䶯ѵҪ֪⼸ڸʲôʮո÷ģʮˣãǲǰʣߵ籨籨Ȼ˵´ľûͣ籨ԷͿԴһǲǾ󳼣˵Ļû˵˵⵽ôһ¶
˵ּֿ죬ܻ󣬼ǷſɤźˣϷү³ӣֲǲ֪ôһ󳼣õԴĴݣ
¾꣬Цһ̯֣ˣ籨緢ȥˣ鲻ͷҲ֪ΪʲôҰ㵯
ʱҪ»õܵԴµΪʲôôɣҲ벻סֻ֪Ȳĵ籨ڴͽȥ
һƽƽϢҧݵЩǶ¶ҵù籨ҪҪٷ籨ľҪҪҰѻ뵽籨ҪҪҰ̫뵽籨ˣô죿
վݵݶҲ̧ͷһ䣺ͷ㾡ˡ仰ᣬԼ˭Ҳϸֵֻһ˿Ц⣬ǳˣǳԼ
ʲôȻѾĺƴͬʮ깦ҵһССİοӳټĹ򣬾ܸһϣôһɣ
ڰ֣ߣȥղⱲӹȥһְ˭ôܺСӵңǴ壬Ҫľҳگ£Ͷĵ籨һȥײĶӣҲõһЩ

ӵһں棬ŵǸݳǷýûСʢѾȫƲһ֧ˡڸ·ϣһĺʿǱճǣôͻƳǷء
ǧĶ飬Ѿɽӹ˽ųǷʢҪ͸ɴӳǣԼԼɢҪͶеգްֿһʹŴӣֱݶͳŵĵ籨ȥ
˼УǴ֪ѾҪǣıУ˳ǣվȨǿǼˣǼֻġĻ콫ղͷĺϷԣ
˳˳ҲҡǱǱߵ۵ûкͺ󵳳󵳻ûü۵Ī۵νмᡣллأҺüʱ
һ·йߣصŽմõʢٶҲɹٶˣҲɱˡŹƿڴ뻹ġݣʿɣ춼ýĸ󣬿ҲЩʢһֻۣǳ籨ۡͳµˣʹһĸʲһȥ
ۿþҪݶͳţžǹ죬˽ݳա˶һ𣬲ǽϽժǹΧЩʢȴһ޽дңΪǿǹˡҷ׷׵ܣһǹޣǶ׺áЩ˶Ǻ޾ʢӣƽЩӪүɣֶûˡǵǧڳʢǧˣ˷һҲ벻ֻĵţŴ
ڰ棬Ĳͷǹǹб´ׯ̨ǹүǶôģ
ڽݳǴţΪԼղˣղˣͣ
Ǻ˵⽭ɽƾҷϴԱ
Ѿ˶ӭӾø߸ߵģͷûñӡӭһͷ͸߽Уˣǰӻҳղ쿪ǹ
һһۣסͷ˹ȥջһˣȥǸΧѷᵽǰ
һڣСӡӪĴӪæʱһӽԽڶʲͷôãĽľٶˡһһẈ̂˷ܵ۾ˣǿ״ţ
Ƕӽժǹȥһ̲סˡһͷɨһۣ첻òֵͷǶˣضŹŵʢһѣһӣһһɡʵѾеڣһУҪǶʱϸжãѪһӿھڽˣ
ǰǹͻȻܼȫǵ¹ëɪϿХӵǽ౵ͳһƬ޵ձʰЩѼ治ڽǰһ̲ˡ
һǴӸϵͳʱһӵϢǽͷĵֿҿǹСӴ㵸ȥײŵײţǽǽźų˶ͳţɱֱȥֻʣȵ۰߰ߵŴĳš
һɨǰһۣͷƤѥ̿ſʯϣһĽײñͶһ
ߣȥƷʲôϵüһüһ̣˵һװʹ̤˽ȥǺХϣҲֻӲͷƤš
λˣˬˬˣҲȷͷƤ飡
ͳ棬ûɶսĺۼֻǽм鹹ʬ塣Щһڽһǹǵĺ¾ͱˡԺȣȫǷױͷɥĹšڽλεĴ̵֮£ͷҲ̧
һҲǣź˼ת۾Ϳ첽ֱ籨ȥſڣƼµ±ǹǶţ籨ĴŴ󳨿ʹһ޴ϷүϷүҳ㷢籨ɣղղ
ɤŶ޵ö˵гƵͷһ֪Ƿһȴһʳµµʲô󾵣
µԼ÷ǰǹټӹʱȴҲβסɫͷշģڳŵ籨ӿͷأʰôɰ·ϵԩ
һŴһӿƼ籨棬ųĵ籨ηηļǽǡӵڷĪ˹Զδ׵ֽšԱǲƵԶձֽ棬ֻǾ
һٷ꣬ץźӣȴܲ˵ƴڵϲסĳǵԶձͷϷүҳۣ͢ҪҳԼҪܣׯ̨ԩծһ˱ۣһۣ
Ѿȫˣ֪һҲ֣ͽѣܹˣûԡԺУֻʣҶ־Ѫܵͷׯ̨һɽͷߣ۵ʬͬΪӽһĿ־壬ǶҲ㲻ġһղĴ󳼣͸ɱͬǳʻղ󳼵Ҷ־һʲô˵ͷֱޱѣһҪɱģ
Ȼƻһ˳ǣʲôֶܽܵս棿ֻͷ
ǲһ籨ԼѾղ󳼣һѾְ͢Դõ籨ȡ䴫ּ֮ΪȷٴʥּάȨͳΡ籨ּشԱԿ籨׸壬ȷԶձյķľͷЧ׸α첻Ѿǵѵˣһݼٵ籨ͻᵹ귴һֻҪһ飬ֶһݼٴʥּǿ¾죬ˣ
µͷʱĸʲͳֶȰһݻһų͢ƴҲһһ̡˭֪ױһֶҲһǹѣԥǲǸٵĵʱһıѾ˽
һŷ籨ͷȻʰס¸϶Ц⣬£ȴɫࡣǾͱôһһöûڴӣ
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ɢңҵԼʶ죺δˣ˵仰ϷүɵģǶϷүģ㲻ҲҽôҺ֣ҵԩծ첻ãŤͷȥ
һһͻȻһϷүѾˣûˣ
תͷһ
һͷҾһ
Ҫɱң
Ҫɱ㡭ׯ̨ԩ꣬Ҫɱ㣡Լģд̣㵽ԩԩ
һĽ䣬ʱ򣬶ȨɹʣµȴֻƣⳡսµУӵӽԱĽѾ㹻㹻ˡΪʲôⳡսµУǰͺ̣ԴԴ
Ҫ̫࣬ûʱЩپڿʼʽҪάֶãȫµ˶ӦÿóһѾĩһȻͬĵ·
ϳȥ̣ȫ
ڲǽȻŷһ㱻ϳȥһͷ·һ˴ԱԴĽ£
Խ˼ԡһƬһļžУͻȻ˵ö˶һĿתȥͿһ籨ǽηηĵձձˡ
Ӻŵĵ¹ĲƵԶձձֽ³Գ˷ĺͷĪ˹ĵ㻮
һ΢΢ͷʾ⣬һ籨С߹һǸͷ̧ͷǣ
һĺëתͷһǣЩɫࡣһĿע£ͷ
鷳ˣȻģòΪø¶ˣξţӪ飬ʱ׼ϣ
ǻһ飬鶼ⲽˣѵлͷأһһͷײȥɣײˣӢۡײˣսϾһļƣѵܰ͢ôһô裬ɻҲֹһˡ
ͷԺһ˶ǧȥ˾˵վٲͣ߳ȥ£ˡҪ̣׼ɶ࣡
ȥһȴֻתͷĿԽԽձֽ˰ΣҲûн˼ȴͷһԵݣݣ²Ǳ߷ʲôϢ
ݰֻӲĻһ䣺Ҫô
һЦЦЩ籨ӡͣסЦ󺰣ˣԸˣûһˣ
Ԫһ˾¶ʮա
һɱȷʵִȨͬһ죬͢Եͣ͢ģۡͨ£ֹֿͣ͡óҪóƽˮʦҰһ콫ղְܰΡ
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ձ㵺Ӫ
ڿԸƷտĹ㵺۹еĸ߼ְԱ¶̨ϡѾʱıƻģ
ѩ׵̨һƿƿʿɣأӾƣģݾƣձԼ̲ƣ¾ƣաڷŵõǡÿһƿƺ˸ӣÿһƺ˾ơ¶̨öˣ½ʽʽװüһáûкȶ٣ȴƺѾˡָ첻Ļźһձսʱ࣬һʱ˿񱩵ķԺ
ˣ֧ˣձѾΪ̣Ѿôʱˣ
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˵ȡʤ֮󣬴ӪǾϣڶֵͣסҲϣڶܼϽƣӶ˸𶯡ϵڶĵҩһеȹģĻսܵϵͻȻɧŹ֮ҲѡҪ˳ɻ൱˵ľʳ֧ӾҪϴ۹ӪҲǲϣ϶Եڶнʮ䴬Ѿձļҵ͸ɾˡʮִ۵ǿʹҪҪά֮⣬ʣµҪάִձʣϣɽôΧĲǲظˣʮֵͶ黹άֲȥļ󣬵۹ҲҪЩ䴬Ϊս£ԭú˼Ѿͣһ£ȥͲòɢ䴬ţԱ䣬͸޷άϵ
ϵڶ⣬Ҳ⣬൱䡣ȱƻԱʱǰ˿¡еʻûλʹҴææ˳ڲ㣬ǹҩװȫٳ½֮󣬵һչ˳ʱû⣬⼸챱̨ͻȻһ֧ǿֿʹԿͷڻԴݻٶԷأҩ㣬һӷʱ򣬾Ȼõǲǹ
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۹һڳＯսѣʹøɾΪʵĲҰܣ۹׶طеĵڶսծһʱӦȡڼҶڹԶҵ˭ܴӮ˭ܵǣƶԶŵõĿŹû׼֮ǰͶʡ۹Ѿףֳҵƻܴ۹һʱ˿Ŵĵ֤
Ҳ⣬Ϊ˴սʮ򳣱۹ֶԱʮԤرʦŸ֮󣬸æҵĶԱ׳ҲûôװװǡټֱӼΪⳡս·ԱԱ׳߰ʮ򡣱ձǧ˿ڣֲ󣬵Щձ׳ܸɵۼũæʱձʱֲãٶǷѾǰ϶顣ʳͼףɧܲˣĻ֪ôء
ձôһССĹңԳҵıҵףȻһ̾սۡսϻϻǰԤƲȡʤǴŴţ֪ôԼͿˣ
ڳʧܺ󣬶ȻٶԵĹƣòѾΪҲĶĲˡȥٵֿһ£ձҲҪԼûһ¿̨ǰȻǴ󲿷½һˮʦзϡǱϾط̫󣬿˿áһôһ֧ڣ
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Щ½̬ĺǣʱҲԱ߸ſҽУеҲ׼ҡҡλεˣЩ½һ񲡣½пԺĵطǲһû򣬴ӳʣ󶫹½ٵڻٳ½ң½ڳʴнٽһﹻʦŵ
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ҪԱ۹ʳҲˣſڳϲһ֡ģҪˣ̸֪еʲôʱܿʼ棬Բã˵ףǴӮ˺ð
ת֮䣬ˮ¸̨ȥĹңһ±ڼӺɽϿ羰ˡʱӣٸµȻ֮Ҳʱǿμң
ٸأôڣ
Ҳٸ²ǿ̬ɣʱҲһڿûڿ

ʹӪѾʧ̬Ĺ½òһٲ˿ûǲ²ֿ뼤λѾΪˡǿμҡˣȴԼի棬һϡ
͢͵ϢʱֻǴ˰ΣȻ˵һ䣬֪ˣתʱ֪գԼ첽뿪ڴӪѾ˷ܵò֪ЩʲôźõʱѾɥʧĹʱٲȴ죬ŲĽ󲿷ֵԼеûдԼЩµĿϲֻ侲Ĺ֤ǰߵվŻܵõʱֵָʾάձսת
ͷĿͷͷɽ;ĹٲĶ棬ЩϡЩϣٲͻȻ׿ҪҪģѼģһˣΪȫ
ڱ˵һƬϲ˷ܵУٲȴһӵ㡣¹˳ɫĴͳձͷɽԼЩˡ
ʱٲĲſһժ¼б۾ۿеϡһ䣺˲ļһۡ
ͷɽǻ죬ϽĸͣǸɫ֧ˣǳϵ֧ˣ£ΪҲǵ۹鷳賤öļԹע
Ҫ֪ٲĶЩʿһֱܲðΪⳡսµĹϵŵЩĹۡս½֮󣬻֪ٲĻôЩأ˵ͷɽΣʱ򣬶ǿһһвֻкôûлôһ鷳½ҪҪӴͶ룬͸Ӳɻȱǣ
ٲһЦ鷳ھвð˳ֵûǳһ㣬Щ̳ڵΣϡ¾ڣǻûʤ
ͷɽһ£ʵ۶ѾگˣѾͶˡھ滹ʱ򣬸¾ͶȻͣ˵ʱޱµĸհԶʱ򣬸Ϊʲôȴֵˣ
ٲĲɫֻƣİۿ˵ͳˣձ̫СˡûнʤȫУǾͲɿйоŻа߰ʮⳡս¶һУҲܲΪǾ尡ԣҪڶҲǼѹʹߣϳͷɽһ°С
һ仰ͷɽ˶һ£Ϲñֱͷֱ·Ը
ٲĵľƺѾ͸֧ɾƣۿࡣ
һȻҲ㡣̫̫ˡȻҿȷϣͳνײ壬Ѿ˱Ƿ糱飬˵úܡ񵱳˭ԤϣƵĻɾά´ҵ
һֵ˵ţҳأͷɽҵֳˣֻܰסԼܰյ飬ʤοУҪиµ飬һеĴ½ų˵˺̸֮͢⣬۹ԸͳʺͶͣս̸Уһź̸ͣսĵλ⣡ңҲԺ̬ж
һ仰˵ͷɽɴ۾ĪĿٲġձȻܺһ̸УķųȥȴǶԸһֶΣ⽫ʹ͢òĺձ̸ɣǩԼڳԸݺڶͳʵһٸͨйʷ֪Ըйõİ취йԼԸ
ٲȴֻǱĿԼ棬Ľ˵ȥ͢Ҫ̸еģֻ£Ҳֻ¡а취ԸҲҪһЩСϡҪߵˣյ۹̸һ죬ͿԸʮĻؿۣⱲİǸ壬˻ġʾѣԴ½رܷѵ֧졭ôͷɽ
ͷɽٶİݷȥ˸ҲĽ
ٲĲͷɽԹԵվҲ˼õ̫վʱȻ΢΢ΣߵſڣŮϽիĺʽš鷿ȥ߼áһʱڹ㵺סҲռ˹㵺õĺ羰ӸߴȥľտɫĴ󺣣кϵĵ׷
ձûйԼĹңңӦڿ񻶰ɣ֪ʲô󡭡һӴϵĵ۹ľҲӦ׳˸еϢɣ
һӢʷʱ


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ʮˮʦܴԽͣ⬼ˮʦᶽſڣʮȫװ嵶ɫߡ⼤߱ȴ֪йķ
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¶ʮգѾżͱֱϲսԻʮӪת
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ӵ統ѪŵСͧҴҸҪ½ʦͳ幸δŶѾ͵أ
Чģһ͢һĩʮ꽭ɽǧУڴʱΪʲôųٵ˺ڳĹȵף
ԶȻ¡¡죬վȻûֹͣĲӱķ˸ڵɫĮ̇һɽأڵըĻѪ
ӻƺ䴵⬼ˮʦᶽſʮɫ
䣬ƾˣٹȡ飬úԩ
һĳŵУԶͻȻһ⸣ѾˮĿѣ۴
ˮʦӴ˵֮һȥ翹硣ˮʦսˮʦ͢񣬳͢ʮ͢һ˵޵д˧͢ս͢ɽ
Ǳĵһݽһݹһݱһ
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¶ʮգˮʦȺ鼤ߣһٽԶս֮ʣ¾ˮʦǳ͢ˮʦֻܽس͢ȡ
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⾱һǻѪ֪
ĺ磬˱䣬ֱ䣬·衣Ҷȴ֪ﺰǣ಼ͷˮʦҲۼǴӾ̨صĳＯС
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ſڽǶһ𣬱ˮʦµһˣˮʦܱԾˣ
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͵ѩֽϣѪȻЩдȥ͵ȺΪͷ̩С
ˮʦִܱ̩ͬµ֣ȴǴЦø㣬ߵõʹ죡СŮ״ˡ峯ߵͷһҳ·ɣֻҪ߳ڳӣô߶ɣ
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԰գЦڵϣĶȥڳˣֻǿıӰԶȥ
ҹ̩ԶٲգͬǹԾ
ˮʦܱһǰһ󣬾Ȼѳ
ҹɫԽԽͳ̩ȥСͷִһѴ𣬻ӳ֮£Ϳʽľٴ󲽳
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տս⼸ٶǾ飬ѪȻһȴֱˡ¶ʮճ͢ʹǾ͵ûƼ½ʦʿӰ죬޷սҪȻֵֿر̨Ƶվʱ˵ѾռκĻԳ͢ĵ;һ̬ȣĵǵֻ˧ʲô͢˿ûͶ
κǰģȴǶĸʲһۿģֻͷǰͷǶǳҹɺϵġҲ֪ؽǹѵκǸˮʦһͶ
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ȺһƬţʮҾɲ˵˵ôɵġҪһɾʼһ޷Ļź壬ǶԴͳ߸鵭֪ʶꡣټϽӵʼǸ͢ıȴѹûϹиҲûˡ£϶ϲὫһڸڳ͢ĵλϡ
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ҹɫУصĿԶһƬˮʦţͬһޣ
ˣҺϧͷǹҳ͢ȴƫƫҪǵԴǻѪ
ȴֻĿЩ޵ĺӣɫ˿֮Ż̧֣ؿʼһָȥأƷ谣ܼ飬ױ³ɽݣϸ䣬̩
һı֣ЩˣǱˮʦǸɣҲΪΪвǸɣԸԽֱ˾رҲͶ´֮糱ףԸͶıˮʦѧľ٣ڡ
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԰գѾתʲǴӵᶽţȴţϡ
ֻ´֮⣬ɰǧĺӿһƬ

Ϻ磬ʯ·
ſĴʱſڣڴ׼͵ּ֮Ѿ־ˡſһƬ󣬾ſڳȺӵİѲҲֻʣһվ
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Ǳձʮ˿ڶʮʮǮбд󽫣Щǿ˶ôͰأܵôңܵô裿
ѵ·ߴˣ
ϺĹ棬ձֺСģ˭Ӯˣ͸߿˭һۡЩձ˭ҲƲְЩͷԵС⣬ӵĹƷЩ˿󲼣˭ҲƲۣϲӢ߻־ġǹձѣʱˡձŮȻƯʤ̬͹ᡪձӻһɫݵĴүȥˣˡ
һս֮Щյ˷һ˾ͲסϹձˣȴ˳һľУЩСӷ·𽫼ǧй˳Ǹҹ磬Ķū֧ˣдձ۹ĺ
ԼĹϣȴֻܿսʤĹף˶ڷ棬ȭͷ;ۿת
ƽղһң͢ʲô飬Сϰʲôɡֻеսܵʱͷϵʱ򣬲žùҺԼͲɷָ
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ʲôط⣿
˵УѾзԷﴫҲ˵ǷԷֱĿŵԡ
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Сձǻʵ۲ȨǿʢģǴ壬
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ʱѾڸǰЩƸĳдԱߣԱǲɢ¶еĻ̷̻̣ͬǲӰԼի¥ֻùǲϵĽƲȥ˿ʣÿֻǺȾƺһż赱ޣֵ¥¹Ѷ̷֪ʲô̵
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һһֱΪţλѵڶôȴûгڱǡͬǵȴ£
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իУƲǽ壬ٱ鶼˺飬֧ʶһϡ޽̷ͬӵУֻıͷ
ˣҺϧͷ˭Żϣ˭ˣˡһ㽵ɺˣʣġҪĲôձҲҪ߿һۡɣɡĶɾһĹҵ
һʲô飬ʲôʲô߹ȥҲڻǰҲʦһ
̷ͬȻЩǾԲɵһĽҲࡣЩӷ糱һЩľֹǰǰзҲײˡ
ôţһҲǴҳȨԴȥĳģõֵȨҲ֡ʲôҲܲ³١˵ǲܲ٣˵Ҳ뵱򡣴ĽǶ룬ʱʲôͷԽԽų͢Ͷ˳ƸݶʵԽԽãοٺձ˴ʬɽѪЩһһܳģ
Ҫһ֮սձܴܲӮ˵Ӯˡ֮⣬û̫ôʵĵˡĿһֱսĹߡӮҲǰ㷭ΪƽһȨҲֻٰѹν۵̧ڹָȨλ£һ췴ĿܣҪȻֻܱȫµҳӡŴһͶ󵳹ҧ˭ùġ˵ָһء
˵ףΪȨλƣֺαؼȥûгڱҲսϣ
Խȥ̷ͬԺԽþƽԼȴԽԽס
ⱨɣҲһ߹ǰˣȻһʦͻʦһ׹ţŴȥһôĽǣ£
¶ģ׼İʱȴŵ̷ͬ۾̧ͷʵ˭
Ǹרܵ籨ֹѵЩһϢǹѶʧҵˣʱȴţ̷ϵ籨˵ĺͷ
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ʲô
Ǳ߹Ѷʱûһ֮󣬲ŷϤϤȴǹѽ籨ӵ˽̷ɡĽҪǴһ˵ĵ籨ҳ磬͵ˡ
̷ͬЦʲô磡
̷ͬзȻߵǰ籨־Ҫ
½Խ㲻Ҳһ֣Ҫ˵ʲô


ˮʦᶽŵĴţĿ޺ԶԶ
ˮʦѾţЩԸͶĽͣڽڻ³Ϊ֮صĵطѾôĴ󶨣޹Ұˡ
ߵã½ʦͳҲٷ룬˶ţŶ平һЦͤ鶼ˣ
һЦТõȣЩɲòðڿɺˣǷſˣˣʲô룿ǡ·ô
ЦЦɫҲǻϵ׽С֮һƽʱԽƽʮ߶ȴСڲȨ֮вʿϳˡȻȥ֣һ֧ӪתתصٵĲҲƽˮ׼Ҳһ㣬ʱڣȴסˡ
˷ſһеҲƽúˡǰϣѻƬžƵˣζ̱ǣȴЦһҪˣͤ͸ˣһмҲƵףҪܲٵġ͢û¾ƣżϴͷѹţЩѪӣﻹһֵĻͤ㰲ŵҲΰ
һЦʱˣ㻹ָ㽫ϻ˻廹оȣ
죬ҲһЦûϷ
΢Цͷ·˵ĲԼеһ㣺ǱϷүѾ·߾ˡ㻻˻ϣЩ·ǻ߾һֻҪŰˣǶ顭һ·ȡƯ˵ף⻹һƣ˴ƣһֻǣƲС߳ʲô·˰
幹Цͤѵ߳·ǻܸŲɣ·ˣ壬Ҳڳ·񱼣㻹ʲôŲ£׼۸ǣ־Ű쵽ǰɣ
˵;ѻƬЦҲ룬һǰƽȴĪġ
ڹΧĸʲװİײλ¡ʱ򣬶ͷ޳
תͷǣ
Ԫһ˾¶ʮգˮʦᶽԾʱʮꡣ

ˮʦᶽſڣۼ˽ɢȥÿڱСͷʱҪᶽſڹһͷ
ٰݱ֮ȴվűêķȥһס과ȥĶСͷǸ򣡡
ػͷЦˣˮʦиأѵЩҲͶٵ棬ѵǵĻȥձɽãҲһĹڣǵĻ꣬ź
һص˼Է֡
ȴһҾλλҸλ˴仰ҲɱˣˮʦٽںŴңҵ̫ã
԰գذȻȥ
ΧЩľٱͣеһسһž͸صʣµ˴ĿǾȥıӰһУѾֻ̣лƺ֮

̷ͬŵ籨֣ȴû˺ȥ֪ΪʲôǴŷȡǷݳֽ
ֻֽȼ֡
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һ̷̣ͬƵ£վñֱ޳·ںһ㡣
Ʈҡ˳٣ģ˲
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һ죬յĴʱٷ⡣
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ʮһ ͷô죨ϣ
ʮ꣬δбսδʿԲԾԾ;͸ߣ
ڳɻʵۣ䣬ӢĽȳضϱ˲ͨʮʡãܣڳɻʵ򲻵ѣž͸
Իʵ̷ۣ䣬ӢģԴ½Ұ쾢ðŴܣɮ죬붫ϣ滴ãñɽˮ˲òȺӣ͸ġ
Իʵ֮ҹͼˢ£νˡͽüһãС֮˾棬ҹܶģ½˷ģƽʷս£亣½Գƴ죬ˮʦû˳䣬ܡȻɽˮ֮
תսʣǧʦоʰȲ֮еҩ㣬ܲͼ־ʿͯбѩ֮ģʱпΪ׾͸
£ʧɽ򡣹ʮʡԳʮҹ̣ҹԴԴ⸰սأ˽֮ͬģʱƾ͸ߣԤţдߣߣΣ
½ԽֵɽˮΪ֮ʡͷһˣѪսף˾л飬ݴأһ˿ζ򳼷Ժͣ
죬ưݣʿɣԻҵԽ޲볼ͬģĽս˵Ѫϣɼ֮òһϣ̫̫󣬵šͷɶϣѪɽգ
ʵ֮
Ӫŵ֮ϣüһãһٴԼ೯͢˳ͨµĵġ
һߣݺʿɶ۹۱ǣǹĵķϥǱֱš컹ưɫŹ֡ϣŤݣرư˴󽫣һһס
һģڿҴҹǰǽ峯һ׶죬Ͷ鶼ˡ֮⣬ײ˵治湻Ƶģƫƫվϣڳһ൨ĵĴҳƻͳ͢ӵֵ̬˱˻ԵģһƣƱǿʲô˵ģ
һѾͨ£Ҫһ£¡ñľͷϣɷ˵ģΪһĵѾɧȻӢۣǾȻҲƲ
뱱ڻָ־ŭʲôء
һǷͨ绹ݣһػصʮġ
ѲղӪܰ󳼣Ŵ˵ģзܡߣĪͬ𡣺˧ӵܣǲ˸ƲϣȻ糱ʿ۳֣ʥʿй֮⡣ᣬǴʥϣʥĸ̫Ӣصø顭ѼӪ򣬽ƽ֮ѫӵܣ͵һͬսʮԼþ衭
ܶһղӪܰ󳼣ŵзĪ£糱ӿӿ½ƴˣ˺ţ֮ϣȺСԱʥϣʥŭ֮սԹ˷֮࣬ཫϡдʱգȻһղɻĳʮԹ֧šΣȻ򲻽֮ˣֺֹ˧
ֱ򺣹صֱ򺣹ؼලʢղ죬ܣˮʦԳ´ʹȻ˧һͨ磬Ƴɣְ󣬷ֵ֧Ӧ衣˧򺣹ָ֮ѣԴԴϽӼþ衣ִ֮ǹеҩ൱ԴԴãְԵԲл¡˧裬һ棬üöʿȻЧ˧ϼ
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籨һһǿڸ˻ˡһ߶һ͵͵˵ɫ
˷糱ķ죬˵ʵڵģԤϡһ룬ҲȻ弾Ժ֮ǵطȨأȨᡣҪǺ֮ƻʵ̫ңд̵ĴԱй⣬ټһɾԱԽȨĩ֮Ѿʰֲ͢ϵĶԵطֻƽ⣬ǿάһһͳ֮֡
֮ʱһ֮ڶ಻ǿнаҲֻºһΪ̫ҪбҪȨȨ˵Ǽ֮սձµսѡǿĻ
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ټϸ۽տǽڼ͸о֮·糱һһ¾ͽһ˷˼⣡
˵һ󺰲еӲͷƤţôоֱеƮƮȻˡ
ʢֱү׼Ļͥµˣ廹Ҫάϵģһڵλ֪
һӲǵͷȫģһС˵־״Ŀŵλϸ硭⻰ô˵ţеõûһΥּ͢£Ҫ֮شȥֱѹӸºҲǿһԸֵһɵģӭģͣ
һĶһۣ⻰һô˵˷Դһ򶫱չߣһĽӴӪϵĹٱ˹ǿ䣬ʮó۹ٱļãҪ֪ѾŸûǮˣ
͢ĵͣȫϣҲǳ͢׼ˣԲľͽһһȫ´󺰣ǲ
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оõԭϵ󽫣Իҵʱֱͦͦվѥһʲô˵ģ˴򵽵ףǵӪͷ˵ǲָĶĶûж
ǰܾ֮˳һ·ܹÿ˶ʣָϣϽɽء
һЦ֣úúãǲɢķʢľеǾȲϣʱ׼
˶ʱһǧڵϣٶһۡľȥˡ
һ˺͵ͿͣڵλѾǼӱתͷʱѾǹĵĶưˡݺʿɵĿҲת˹ҲƵˡ
ưȻͷȴ̧ͷƽˣʱˣʲô˵ģֻҪǳܡ
仰˵̵һƤһʿɵĺˣͷưǲһμ棡
ˣ϶Щֻ˼תĻȻ˵˳
ȴȻδ˵Ŀ⣬ֻǽñժĸԼϡİ׷ӣûׯ̨ͷӾ͸ˡԲôְֻҪһֱ򶫣һֱӴָĶҾĶ˱лҪϣͷӽʮˣҲʵֻԴ걨͢ȥپ飬ʱȺ˵ľҲˡ
԰գֶĽñӺԼͷϣ׼һһǧ̾Ϣһž˳ȥֻư¡
仰İȫ˳ֱָÿ˵ġ
һΪ˺ձս֮⣬ΪҲȫµ˼𿴶Ӧϵ籨֡ʿӣһ˼һıѪ˫ҵĺ޲øһһȥƴ
ĳȴҪĦȴҪһǵ۵׼ԼзٶԼл׼Ĳܲ٣ֻҪվƽ֮ҵĹҵҲͲ·𡣵Խ˱Ȩأ
ݲ籨ͼڵķ;˳עĽǱֵһⲻķѾԾľֵУһӵ
ư亹һһεĻһʱ̧ͷʾڣͷ­ֳޱȡҼžһС˵־ıҲȫվ
ĿУһĵǲȥġ
һ仰ưɴ⣬̧ͷˣ
һĿתɫЩ֣˿Ц⣬˭Ҳ²˿Ц̲֮ŵʲô˼
ҢɽֻǴӣɲɣļǧҿǺء
ưһվ𣬻ҵĸϽ̬ƺҲ뿪͸ĵط
ˣ͢ӣǳ͢СˣϺ̫׼Ღҷӣܣģһ仰ɽҲȥҪСӷָһ
һһЦ̧һֻ֣ãȥٲɣȱʲôҪ㡣ǳ˵ǰ棬ҪǲԴڻڽݳͷţ
ʱưú͹ƴˣҲĵ˼ǿ´Ӧһˣ¾͵ľ
˵վ͸ϽǧͷҲһصȥһƵġ
õУʣһݺʿˡɫȻǸ׼ɣʿɵǰȴʪһƬղĺҲưٵȥ
һݣʵݣƻôаûУʲôʱǿٺã𷴹
ˢһش˵Ļ飬ʱ䣬Ӧ㹻վ򣬴˳һֱȣѾɳ֮ƣ豸ҳΧ֮ƣֻҪùӲҵһڶ൱ջվⳤ󣬳ģ
һָͷ죬ʮһվͿԷ𷴹ˣҿհɣǾʹ˿ɡ
仰˵ģ˭öһ仰Ҳ˧˾ˣʽʿɶվӦǡ
ݸһһ׼񣬺ʿɾҪ߳ȥ˭Ҳû뵽ı׼ˣڳǰȴתͷһ䣺ˣĲȥ
ˣֽǷ²۽ȥģݣ
һԼ˼仰ͷŽʬҲ겨ΣһҲȼɫһû飬һҲǵġ
ȥ˱ҲԼҪȥǴȥġҳûءǵ·û߾ŰɣŰɡ
˵գڰ֣ʾ¸ϽԼȥһһۣһ񣬲ȶȥߵʿɣȴɫһһףҲסĳð
ȵߵ棬ʿɫҰ׵ľҪݸ𣬸æȥƽ֮ͬҲ޶໰ȴժ¾ñҸ£Ŀ⳯һȥסʿɣͤ
ʿһں˵ţһţҲվס˽Ųˣ
ݵĿȥ³ĻҲӲģ֣ͤ˼ˡΪǱ߻ָڵǰ·߾ĸŴˣͱ̫ˣţţţ
ʿɫұ䣬ؿھ֮󣬲һЦǻŴ̵ɣܱҪӲúݣﴴᣬǼײʹ
תͷݰݵģ
ʿɹЦ·ͽȫ׿ȭЦսϼɣ˭ȰСӸº

Ӫ֮ڣһվá棬˭ҲҴܾûпһˡ
ʧ¹¹֮¹ܳˡϣһءôɵһ֪ҪáˣӴ̣͵Ъ꣬˵аŮˣûúôڡСģְְ飬ĥˡ


ʮ ͷô죨£
Ԫһ˾¶ʮգ
͢͵ϢЩһֱͬ򷽵ġԵƵľգԵ˵ĳƣ˵˴
壬ôͽأ
ǽͷ˼ȣҶĲĶڼ˳ӿӿĲݣ壬ֻ˵ɳƵɤŶڿյĲΧص
˵շ粨ͤϣүүһ£ڵأͷҹմѣѣѣЦһ죬ʿѾǰүү߶
⼸죬ǵУǹе˵Ǵеĵ֣ȻԼͬ˵⾫˵ȫ
ͷβ鲼ĻӪٱ֪˶ٰۡСͬ棬͵͵שߡЩӪٱҲԼʲôƵģߣŸԴֻܴҵİۡ
ǳˣ˭Թ˭ԾƵġΨһ̾ģǴ»֪
˴޲ɱ˵ĳƵСһϢˮʦᶽԾܱԾˮʦ˰ȫԳ
͢ȥϣҪΨһܴ˧ְλҪͰ͵ĽԼж£Сӵǰ
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ѹݵƣȴھ¶ʮ·һ˺¶˾ΥǬ
ʱͣˣϢˮйһʵľųǸ
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ЩСٶ߶
ЩŶ߶
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Сб
бҧëүƫƫǺ飡
˻ϣҲĸ˾
ôˣ£үү챣ݵĴ󹦳ܣ
ǻܳ϶ãôʩȥû˵ģľųүǶȥߵڣ¾޵ļҵҶˣ
ͬȥͬȥȥߵڣǶǻϵ񣬵԰棬ΪͬһޣЩĵļһܲȵ

ú԰ڣ˷ĺ󵳴󳼣ʱȴһǺڻԺһ棬Ǻ̵̫ǲϵֽӣаܻĻ裬ЩԱȴһĺࡣ
¡žѾҴˣ¡ŵĻѫӵܣ֪˴ҪͣСӣһôɢû˵ˡҪŽӵ¡ȥֵҹשͷ߿͹ͷġ⼸һɴסú԰ڣµıţĵĿŸ۵ģԽԽᡣ
¶ôͷأ
԰ſڽްݵһĴľųǵүǶ治˵˵ѡ
ڼΪڵĶˣͣûȥүǶ˵ǻоգں󵳴۵Ⲩ糱бҵŹסɴȥľ١һһĵú԰޹ݣߵԸ
ҪƴȨҪϲСˣҪϲҪͶҪϱסǵá
ǽͣͲֻͨеѹǸһһԽԽ࣬ܰҹú԰ⶼлϻֶɥһ
·ӪĹٱѹЩûġҪµţЩӪʵ̫ã˭Ҳ֪Щ᲻žôɢ
⻹ЩΪĵġĵģһͷ
һѳɣٲȻΪضġټϱͷиֳɵŰš˭Ҳ˵׼һ᲻ƽһ࣡
ô˵һ¶ЩͶɣĿеһҪ˵ҵλˣ˵ԴҲס
ȨλʵĶǣ浽⣬˵ҲͿԷŵޱȡȥ취Ȼֻһٷٷŵ۵󳼳Ƕ̨ǰסһǺܿڲԾҰġְǲˣǵԶԶĻзӣŵϱߵˡ棬ҲͶˣһҪǻҶǾҳӣǲǻ˵
ҪӣҶͷѪײŷҪȥһƬͽᵽλװðգµıͷĴ죬õҲ̫ˣ
ʲôӣҲѡ񡣹Ȼ۵ٷҲڱǶɡһ˭ģôҲϷүġ޷Ǿʱ͵۵ˡȵġ
ôһϼƣۺᡣԾѾ˽ΪƵ˼㡣һ𵽴ǰͷһ˵˭Ҳû뵽̫̫ô´ҵһġǸϳȥ˵˭¾µıӶԸ̫̫һһ
˭Ҳû뵽ϷүȻڣˣ
һʱԷۣߣǸޡͷ۶һᣬûûġʱ򣬾Ϳһ½㰴ŴñӲֻ˽мӺۣѪܵģһɫ
һҲǺ󵳴ԱһνѲˣΪ̰»ؾһɵͷΪ˸𣬱Ӣȣ˲֪ӣι䵱ϴҡźԲдһӪϵú԰͹˾ǵ˼죬ȴһùģǳǸɳȥѹȰЩߵڵǡֺܳһλľһȲԲʱͲһ
λλλȥƣϳӢЩүߵˣҲǲǲܲ٣ǲǻߥҪǮȥӣЩү򲻵ãųָףӵϿ촰Ժ˭ȥѹ˭ѾͷģµıҲǳԸɷģҲţأأǳӣĶȥˣ
ӱĳüչʸպͲ۵һͿ˳ΡΡԼţ˺ã˸ɾⲻۡĹ壬Ϲͷƴˣôһ³
ϯףķ꣬ʱɴˤ˲룺϶գ㺿ɥ˭³ģѰūƴϹͷҲɲСձһڿɽеûڣ㲻ɣ۵󳼵ļңôôüһͨѾͷ׼Ȣھŷ˼Ҳʮ壬ˣ꣬ʮˣ
Խ˵ԽɴӣٸЩڣʲôλСӾͲǸǶȰϷүһ˻ϣڵֹʲôһϷүǶСڵģڰɣڵһ˾˲ܲ٣ǾǶУǿڣɥȮ
ֵòɿʱſŲ죬ûĸ̧ͷһƣȴЦ˽Ҷһ̻̲գɷĻλѾϰտг˴һ鳼תسȴһƵӣȻ࣬ǾȴתãһٷϣȻЩɷǵȡ
£⼸ȴȻһ㡣
ŭδӣһȥĶˣҪǵ緢ݣҲһԳӣ£ʲôıӣôѹߵȺŸôѪӡӣܿȾˣ
ЦĹ֣ǸǸⲻȥʹﱴôձĵ籨˼Ƕתء˵ձǷɴߵüˮʦԼˣҲͲƽˣһͷ¶øϽãǱأʲôʱ²ȥձٲȥĻձ˴ɴһ̸¶ˣɽıϵĽӣҪ½ֱǣ
̸ӺͰͣﻹ̸ȥǴˣôƲ糱ˣ쳤̾
µһЦ̸͢;̸̸ͣͲ̸ϱ߶ġ
ĳ֪ΪʲôΪԼĵʶ۵ҶЦøҳͲ⣬ǶڶˣܺͻսǱ˵ģɱˣеʲôǺ飡ͲһԼǰ;ȥ·
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µһϯ˵˱ɫڴ棬ʮӪţ˼ȴָ֪ˡҪһӣҶۣ˵һ㣬ҪΪԹȨλһһһ䣬ǺãǴθ籨¶棬ҶѾɲˡ¸ңɴõõõĶ
СС棬һƬš
֮󣬲쳤̾㲻˭ö˵ˣϷүǶǽôһô峯ΣҺЯ̨㰤Ұ
ȴѾȫЦϷүӦġƱǿۡһ³֣ܷ壬£޻˵ϷүҲǶں¡
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仰˵Ĵ治ﵭ˵ȴĿһˡǧٷһһŴôһȨµı壬һתۼ䣬ѾһΣʣµģǺѡ
޵ģġ˭壬δ仯
꣬ˣߣȴ¡
˶ȻһҾĵ˳ȥ
պͲһ˫ۣ¶ôһ̣ȫ¶ܶûʲôѽ

ú԰á
ԴӹȥһֱТĹڴǰ档Ǹ񾲵ŵģޱ߶ƳģԵ÷ɫ׾Ҳ࣬һ׻ڷǣֻ˾ʤ¡
֮ϣ泯Բֻ΢΢Ҳ֪˯¶
ú԰ްߵڵߣѾԼԼģģøӵİ
ֻǴԼıǼ⣬һĹŮ̫ǣ·һ߾ľżҲҳһ϶˺飬΢һ¶ҡ
ղϷүԼ۰񷢵Ƣ֪öŵ˿ӣ⿴ûƳҲӲϷүƢ֮ȻԲĹ˿ʱ
Ҳ֪˶ãƵһƬĳЩǲǶ˵ģ
԰׵ϸһѪɫҧ촽¶һϸ׵ݣϷүʥ
һ£ǲǻԴǸĻϲҪֱ̫žͲú԰ˣһʲôϱﻹмʮӵܣ뵱ܲ٣һһĭҲ
Ϸүǹңиءܲһ˲ٰܲɡʱ治֪Ϸүô
һŹ۵ŭҵһƹҵǸĻҵԴ
ŭ̫ŵķ£һƿأڵˤ÷顣̫ŵһ͹ҲƵĿͷĵĻµ˵ڡһ֣̫ཫ˳ȥҲ֪ҪٹӣǸֶڶӣҲġ
ȴɫ͵͵Ϸүٶǰ棬Ҳİʲôʱ򣬻ܷأүү֮ǰҲҸ˵ȨϷүģ˭Ҳã滹ÿϳŰҴݾ͵Ϸү۰үүˣҵϷүһӣ㣬ƽϷүԶԶϷүҪ֪Ҳ԰ۣΪ˽ɽǲĸһΣô
˵žһһεĳµʡ˼˵ʲô۰㣬Թɵﱲġ޳ҲˣҲǲ˵ĵǾĨӣټ˵ǿ־壡־һ޲ߣ֪ƻᳯʲô仯ǵزʲôѡ
ôƳĿƷΧ֮ڣ
Ҳɫһ§ĸһҲûڴ˸ʡҲˣۣ˹̣ǿ˾ô仰ܲȥǸϵ԰棬ЩްݵļһԺ£ǶҲһݣЩѺĴ󳼣ͬݽؼˣ³ԵίְҲؼս¶ûԼɣ
ͷڴ޵ԽӷͷȴתǧأϰϣĻᣬҸˡҲһģǧҪסᣬúǣ

ú԰⣬ްߵڵ½һȺһȺľȵ˶赸ݷŸɫĻͷ󣬾ͻ۳һ䣺ۣϰǵĻϰ
ȺΧǹ䱸һҲɫءЩı飬޲úЩߵڵͬһޡʮ꣬ʵ۶ľģȨѾＫ£ǵͷ뵽ҲֻǻȻһѾ£ϾǳӣؽڵģҪǻʵۣ
ްԽԽߡеͷ¹þˣľɹ˹ȥȺԽԽࡣú԰ĹǽƵõ
ͻȻ֮䣬ͷɧɧ棬һƲˡǰҲǰ˵ʵڵֻܿǰ˵Դ֪ô¶ʱ򣬾ǰȺ춯صĺϣϣ
˳ǰ󣬺һİݵȥˣֻܿһһССĻɫӰ̫ŵɡ棬ƼˣӾһΣѾݵȥϣϣ
ϳˣϼˣҪ⽭ɽĶˣ
ɡ֮£ɫ԰ף˼ֻǿų赸ɽĳӲһͷɽϣþ͸߸ߵ֮̾ͷһб仯˾ңšӵ̫೷ˣ밲ˣԼսľЩߵڹԱյĻ
磬ôˣ壬ֵôˣ

ݡ
ӪŸĵղԯһ־ĶԴվšݳڣһĺײڳҹա
һվǶûƽԼʱɢı飬ص˼У̲Ų֪ٶ
ıͻȻ˽Ų಻ѥ֪ݡͷҲأʵͶתȥˣ
ݳıӰһ˿һ񣬳ѾתȺ鼤ߣӪͷսЧ
һһЦһʿҲá
վһɫѵõĶһسˣһҪתô
һͷʱ򣬵ҳӣƴϣһһƴģĿĴﵽˣôҳûء
ǡ
޷Ǹʵ۰ˡҲν壬һλˡŰɡ
ˣҪȶã
һ͵һЦһ֮ˮһԾ
ס⣬תݼ򣺡ͷðǻǸǵģݣȥѲѲӪҲЩˣôһҲǸ죡

һ˾ʮգ͢ٴͨ£Եʦδگ¡ĿɼΣȻ󻵹ھʦڣЮ˽ӡΪ෨ͣһְְݽ硣ֱܶȱܶһΡܶʱɽѲ콫ղһʦйܶλձս½֮󣬽׭µڶĶ󳼣
ͬձͣж㣲䵱ʮڽְ磬á
һʦϣɽѲⶽʦɽվս壬ձͣ


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Ԫһ˾¶ʮա
㵺վӪ
⼸ڴӪĿѾӰֻʣһƬɽ֮ǰȷꡣձӦˬ⼸Ҳ·һȵòԽ⡣
Ӱ½߼Ĺ٣⬼ڣÿ˶ͷĴ󺹡ȴûһ뵽һ£ֻǶŵͼһݷı塣
ǰ̨Ͽ񻶵İδƿƻڰɫšȴһ˵̨þƸ߸񻶡ȿĺ紵ɫ߸ȴеĹʬ
פ֧ǹʹﱴѾµ磬ίʾ飬ΣҲ޷ٸΣ
һʡʹҴҵĳ˴ӪĻң˻δѾıյĵ籨ʹʽװǰɫӲ͸ԼˣͷҲҲֱֱֻһ߳һߺ
ڴ˼½Ӹƹ졣
֧ˣƻ˵ĻԲ㣡
еĽŴУӽӲֱιоʣ⽻ԱǷͰӦи˭ȷ˵ʵ£½ʼԱ˭֧˵ĵѾ˵Σ˵Ľ½ԱĻѾҡǰʱ½ʿѪս׵ľģΣе
۾һ¡ԭձפȫȨʹ忪ս֮ٻعڣΪ˽飬׫ιٵλϣΪ⽻ŲӪĴԱеȫ⽻ΡӸ˵Ӫ֮ձ۹Ȩһʱ䶼ٲС̸Ĳ裬ȫٲգҪ˵һıһιˣҲϻ
ձ౾½ǰ½ڹⲮ󽫣ŵɽսڽ治һ·תЩ½ͷй˭й
治ֱ棬Ҳ޴ӷֱ档ԼҲںͿʹʮ꣬ڼ˽žɵ۹һУ۹ʿµĹˣ
Ѿ½壬ԶԶʱ˥˵һ̶ȣҾ˥˵Ĺ޷ȫԱϾɵ۹ֻҪһţɷӶ֮һǽҵĵ۹޷ɣ壬жܹʣ
ǰƷչȻ۹ϵСȻڳսС죬ڶĴһֱ൱˳࣬ҲûжԱȫս͵ʶһԱȫսȻᵼ´ľӪɵ΢ƽ汻ơ࣬Ѿƽⱻ֮ľ档Ըôһֱȥ
ҵֿ׵ķ糱Ķ֮ǽ־ҪǿܵĹԷϡҪһʱ֣ʤ糱ȼֱϯһСֺ˲ֻҪд山ˮ½ʵѾһ¶Ѿ̨˭ȡôһϴ۹ֿսף
¹ȻˣǿԳԽʱ
࣬ҲȻͶˡǺ״ƣʤձͶ
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Щձǧδй˶ĳţˣ˵ս֮ǰѾþȫƶⳡսµĽΣһĽвáҲ㵽ձ˱ļҵףزҲɽˮһʼάһ֮صսģҲѰսĲģһǺ֧ʮȫľ޴ս¡һάһ֧ľ޴Ľ̽ޡ
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浱ûһձռ鱨Ƕ෽εģǶһۣܶϺ۶϶ࡣ⽻ŶһۻһЩΪ˽һЩһĻΪ൱ǴҶΪһƧֲ½ʦ㱸ڴ̳Ԯֶ࣬Ҳۺ񣬲һ֧µһͬΪһҰģվ½дʱҰļңйʷĴͳ·Ӧðƣ°ܵԽңԽлˮĻᡣ౾ͺܲһͷʵıǮΪԼǮƴɾ
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ķԽԽ󣬵⺣磬ȴûһ˿ӪڡѹԽԽͣÿ˶ôÿ˶Ǻ£ɫࡣ
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Ѿͣĵ磬ͬΪͬѾְ磬ʵ׷ͣ۹ͣίһΪϱղ󳼣͵۹սף
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ڶݵĳѸƣ۾Ѫ½͵һӡ
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ԽԽƶѻڴӪĻ档ųʪˮĺƹ죬æȥغáᵽ˼շ·Ҳ⺣һɣǺҵĳڣڵĴŴҲԽĸĻ·ӪҸԺҲûʲôˡ
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ɫսɱ˶ѳɰܣֻε۹мһ޷ҲǳжǴֱ䶯˳ƶӢǿҪһ֧ƽԶŵ۹СԣӺÿơּսʤҿԹϷսʤĺսһر޽͸˶˾ĽڡӢǿԸ⿴־֡һʤֻгʧܣûǵ֧֣۹Ǿܵսʤģ
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ǡѾǧõĻᡭձվ޶尡ֻһꡭ


ʮ ҳӣϣ
Ԫһ˾ʮһա
ⳡ굹Щյı꣬µôʱ򣬱յɹøĶأһĳ̡Щ̣תۼûĻС
⼸ȫûĺϣԶȥһƬããʮѾӰһƺ쵽֮䡣ããɵġֻϵˮ֮䣬˻Ȼˣһģս£ƬϷ
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ڽֳ£˳ӪвĸӪͷӹٵˮŢǰУҷҰսڵ˻ŰڳʿǸһһЩڡһЩǱЩڶҲǿ˶٣߼һͷЬ棬͸ɴųǰչʵľǣһǣʵʵʿһŢ˭Ҳ˵͵һ
Ҫ֪ͷڻ߸ߵڽݳǣ׼һģׯ̨һۣͬʱӣٵף
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ǸɱˣǻʲôдֶεˣʵʵĹʵڱʵһ֧תսĽ򲻹СһʦţʦţǧԮϣ˿档۹ս£ӿͷڣĽһ밵ʱ򣬾ֻ緢սף
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ˣͺһڶⳡ굱Уվڵߴһ͸ʪ겼ע֧ǰӿ
ˣȻһ
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һܾõЩʲҲе֣һһͿϲǸź˾ĴٶϲڸϲȣץʱҪˣˣ׳գɴûһ߸˰˸⣬صӡƺһʱҪʮԴһ
ٴ˶ˣһҲЦġѾ̤˳λãⳡսҲʼ־תϣֱһֵǲɱ֮·ΨһԭʹõľҲԴԴĳͣ䲹䡣¸ڿһʣ˧Ϊ׮׮ȹ´ʣշ絶˪ȵʱ򱶡
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붯ȴƼ޿޵ľ̬վֻרĵĿŲо״ñ£Ӣͦݡʵ̾Ҳֻý˧ļӳŵˡ
Ȼ䣬Ժȴڻȷ
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ΣҳҲǵͷˡȡĵ·ߵⲽѾлͷء
Ǵˣ˭ǹٳ˶Ȧֽʱƣ˭ҲΥ棬ֻзΨķݶǴ죬ưЩ˹Ŀ棬ܶһʡ
һǲҪܲ٣
һ֮ܽСӸɷƷתһѾǹ߲͡йʷôЩ꣬˰µĴ󹦳ʲô³֣ҶסҪ군ҳףҪ͸ɴۼһֺšеǰ˻˲һ㣬Сһɷɾǰǰˣ
·ߵͷˡһκ˶һ㡣Ǿʣһ֮ˮ˵ôɣܹһԾô
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ⱻĩ糱Уһֻᱻδ
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ȻͶ˵Ĳԣ죬Ժзȥģȴί
ʱһ꣬Ͳ֪Ҫƶ꣡⼸ʮ̣Ǹʱգ֪˶ٴˣѪƴ׷ϣѾ˵λһȥ˱סʱ򣬾һƵջں֣ɣıδʮ꣬Ѫд͵ʷѵҪЩһｫ̣ȥôҪԼĬĬţΪԼ˵Ҳ˵ˣƫƫԼѾǺ˧ĶѾ˰Ͳһ˰
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һĥݺݺݵԼ¡ĿΧĸʲǣΪף͵ƼǴҲҴһڡ
һԽԽɴкһݣоô֧֮ͨӣ߰ģʲôӣ
һ߼סĿɶʲҲ͵͵һȽţ˭Ҳģվôãˡ
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δò䣬ͱһߣҪΪֲʶһΪ硣ҲеʢЩɢͷͲһЩˣоҲԽԽ·ԽԽѡ˹ҲǰЩƳĹٱǣȻʹ
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ԽԽ


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Уصͳ˷ֲһˮ¯ÿ˶⼾ڷı꼤ɫ࣬Ϊѡ̫ˮѳ˻̶
Ȼ̶ʱȴû̫˼ԹҶŢĵ·ֻÿ˵Ŀ⣬ɽ˹ȥ
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Щӣбĵӣ˵ùˣȻβˡһͷΨ˶໰Ҳ˵һ䣬±һô򣬲ʵ˵Щ˳ͻĲбܽͲһ֦ء
ͲһˣҥҲǵдסҪԭǣˣҥҲԣ֮ѾƲȥټʮ굱һδεķǡ
һ̫ӣ͢׷һʮꡣǬ¡νʢȻһ˵ĵز¤Ķ֮䣬ʮϾǣϰڵʱöҹðֻΪһ仰
ĵ֮о֮Ҳ
һųԼŷʮ꣬ȥĸ̸ϡһ·ڹתȦҪʵɱ̫࣬ӲѶɱˡΣߵһĴѹż֪顣ʦϣͨȫֿף彵һҲԡڿȫΧһйĴתȻʿǵ飬˻һѪԵĹ˵顣ϻҵĿУ󲿷ֵˣһһ·˼ʱ򣬸ģǿ־壡
Դڽݹţ˵Ϳˡһ·Ľն֮صĵطȨͳͳξ֮٣оĲ֪ж١дǣ
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Ϊԭһǲݣֱӱս˴굱лҪǿоǷΨ¸һץһСӡһǽǵĴư˹ȥҲ֪Ҫʲôͷˣ
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˵ˣִ治ģıԼͳ˧뷨Ҳֻѡ˭ӣ
һСԼǹ۾ٿԶһӰٲľ룬һ˺ǹи֣ϵ
͵ĲһϵˮԼһ䣺ģҪԴˣǳ˳͢ٺôʮԽԽ٣Щ¶׳ԺͿˣǲôԼ䣬ԼһǶ⣬ԽԽɥһǴǴӣǶǵֵܣ͢ҪͶһȥˣȴô೶飡
ӣҪˣ͢˧ôɥ¶Щ飬ٳʲôɣ峯Ҫܶ

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һɫ࣬Ҳ֪ĻǶġˮϣ۾ȴôģɱ
ĶһľȻưȻˮ䣬ͷĻȴԽԽߡ
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ǰ᲻ͻȻֵĻҲҲ˵ĸꡣ
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˴ջǰ˲ͷԷȣǲܵ顣
ᣬȴת˲šڹλ뾩Ѿûݴ塣Ӹߴ£ȴͷðøߣ
ȻԼԼ˵һˮ֮һԾ˱ԣִ䣬˭ܵˣ
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ΣΪң͢ƴɱлǰ档ŪˣЩ˻û֣λսϰܾΪЩ˾ϣľˣҲһܣöȨ
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˭Ҳû뵽ưȻ˷ǡһȻ䡣͹̻һǸһһӣ͹̻һȣȻǷģ
һɫȥϾǵͨ죬־һ˵ڣоļӲϣ
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֮УǧʿֻǴĿһ߸ʲưһ°ڵأ

󾩳ǣˬֻ·Щ֮أ˴ú԰Ͻһ·ʯ⣬Ķ·ˣĹηң̶඼˽űڲסǵ֡ǰЩӴĻ̵̻ģڷ·ʥһ̨һֶ̫ƽˡǰЩӣͷβڴ˵һ˧εĹ룬ľųڣȴһҥƮ
˧ǲǴĲܲ٣
˵ǵģб۾̫ǻܶŪһ͢Ȼд˵̫ӵĺᡣֶǼٽ裬һ˶ҪĵġҪȻأһܴͻȻĳӵؽЩаŶ
ЩҰ˵Ҳûô޼ɵ˭Ҳܵ˵Ǵ󹦳ĺ˧ǲܲ١صĿڶഫȴе˵һĶӣĻȥ˵ƽÿү½Ϻͽִָֺȥ
նЩֵֹģɴ۾Ŷ䣬ϷϢ̵Ϣ仯ô죬ʲô鶼УСһ̴ô͢ǽʲôˡҶ¸ñ䣬±䣬֪䡣˵ͻ붫ҰľųϿƮ
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ܻǲˡɡ滹ڴ̣ú԰ֳϷˣ
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Цͣõ¾ȫס˭Ҳͬǰȴֲ֪˵ʲôźáͬվ𣬿ҲһۣҪ䣬ųŵȥú԰ʱҹ˼Ȼһ亹ⳡս£˭ǣҲ԰ģǴ壬Ȼ֮תһȦεĽˣ´أٲ䣬ûһˡô䣬ǲ֪֪֮ģһһ䣬˭֪͢ҲġĵģȴǴ
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Щٶǻºģ˭֪ǰ͢˼롣λΪѹһۺǶܾˣһλϽְǴҾˣǻһļһƳƵǾһ¶ۺһϵͬͬ⣬ѹסһǴҲ飬һѹסôСյģ칬֣ҲҪԼմһȡ
үǲǷ̵ȻҪ̷ͬ
ͬվǰɫ˵ٲȻģƺʣµ䣬һ΢Դ壬Ƕ˼ǧ괫еģҲЩ̷ͬһȴ׾Թ϶΢Դȴʼղ׹һҪ벻ҲʼֻһҳӶѣ

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˲´ƣǺεͿˣһȻʱȴѾΣյʱµĿ⣬ĿϣĿһһǰ滹վ滹ô໢Ŀ⣬ǼķҵİܾһŲֻҪһܣͻȵס
ȻһһֱߵǮȨԳһЦǮȨֲŪӢ֪꣬ЩǿסġһֻЩ޷ṩʱ򣬾Ҳ޷Ԧ£˵ֹ̰ģڵĽԦס£ҲΪˡ
ʲô֧ߵڣǰ粨ȴζɹ
ûд𰸣ʶģ軨ԶԶͶȥǺϣһ˽ǧĩУһҲصķס


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СǣѾ׳Ϊıվأ챱ʳʣܹѹεľȫڳתˡѾֱɵƽһ쵽ԭִеطԱǷ׷֣һ缲һأǻûϰߵʱ򣬶ĵһӦǷӡڽΣһˡ
ʵ˵صʣֵ˾̾ˡǿ˶йڹʾгϵĹֻŵһڶԶԶ˦ں档۲̾йĲǹԶԶŷ޳ĵ־۹Ĳǹ򣬵طҲ򣬱˵꣬ɽѲһ¹жǧ֧ǹÿǹһǧԲͷٱ˵һǸʱգʮ֮ضƹܶ˹֧ǹڣŵǷڣʱϵطӴһЭʮʦķţĩõľϵطӻһֱõʱڣֱʮͣʮƲ´ģΪϾӻװ
ʱйӢ׼ҵľǼᴬڣЩӢͿʼⷽƴ˵ˣԽ࣬·Խ࣬ؿҲԽ࡭
Щ֮󣬾¶ڻ˺˭ҲжЩһҪˢ¾һ¡µȼԱ֪ôЩ֮⣬ģǳⷿһ£ԼЩ
ΪֱնҪأرҪëӡԼǼʮǰ飬ʮƽءëӱӢķĸײУ˶ǵáǸʱ򣬴ӺƮĸʬëӲĽƬľɱ˸ɾ
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λȳһԱվָʾҪöصľʡҲĵѹΡսǣЩصطٶǵĲֿ⣬ʶѻɽʽǰװǹʽǹǹ³˹ǹٵʽ©׿ǹֱԿһǹеˣļ¼˽ǹеչʷҩװͬһǸʱգëӴռʱɻ񵽵һвǹʮ֧նսʱ򣬶ģЩʵв䣡
ЩΪܲƣѾ˲٣ʣµĻ֧Ŵսܳʱ䣬ļڲϵĸ籨п˵ѷҪѸٲ䣡
ǱѹεʣԴԴĳͣתǰߡʳḻʳӲõġɵľֱȫһվأųһ飬Χʮ﷽Բĸأ̤ƽءıӳʲս붨ҲƷʽڵĵҩ֮⣬ģԾ͵ؽ
ʲȱ֧Žȡⳡսµȫʤսʤһеˡڲⲿô
ߣĵˣҲڽͳ˧λµһĵУ
վ̫ӺӱߣֿϳһǡһһҪ߯ݣʱȴǰˮ
ķңһȴǿƶϻսϢȻҲͺͽһ߽ϵ
˵һ½ԽʱǶ̶̼ΪģƬصľ糱ôڹλ֮󣬲ŷųˮֻһĽ¶վߴ
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ﱳ֣һ䡣ΪʲôϽ˶ĿҲת˹ȥȴЩӷóĳںңԶĵطƲ䣬ֻǴĿųЩӣ̫ӺӱϷеʱʯͷˮƯǰ졣Ҫǵ²ıܸɣ͵Ц
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˵˧˳ݽʵ׼ת£Ҫǣ
ĳû˵ġԴ˧Ŵһһоͷط棬ˡ͢ôң˧Ӣۣʵ˭Ҳ˵׼顣ٵȻ˵ʲô۾ǸɣȺڵģͲðˡ
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վһߣʱҲ侲ûпưе绹ֻĿһ
һ֣ڰСղ󳼣ϵͳ˧ܶ͢Ҳûڽж콫ְλȨһʱưҲɱݲ
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ȻɢԽΪЮ⼸ǱйҰսˡʦǣû˸档ҽ֮ڽУ˵ҪЮֻһȺѡʦǣа˳ϵİտԳɹ
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һưЦҢɽղҲ̫ˡ
ưû˵ʱҲ֪˵ʲôźáһתͷĻɵԶվеǧʿЦһúɽ
תͷĿưҢɽ֪ЩʲôߵһʷϻҲߵһ˺ˣǰ¾޼ҵҳӡҲͬ˺һͬҵҳӣ֧ߵڣҲ֧Žתս¡һ˺һʱĩҪʰ
ӵĽֻ治˼ƫƫֻһưһѵ˵͢£Ͳ£Ҳֻʸ˵仰ѡ
콫ұΡһ꣬Ҿȥ뱱ԶԶġҲ֪Ҳûʲôӣల°ɡھֻһ顭
һ͵ָԶѾⳡսдüǹۣҾʹǳȥЩһﶼϳȥΪĲһһҵ£ΪƬأƬϵİգˣҲƬ棿Щ˵ڳ˵һ˵ⳡս棬ΪģҲЩѣ
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һһ˦ñסһڳĳ֣۴ǺжģһѹӸϳȥս֮٣һüĸʲôϣӽӲǰ벽
԰գͰӶſȥʹ̵ڳΧٱĿһľٶһʱ䣬ֻݸ˹ȥżĺһþ
ҲƵĸ˹Ҳ֪ỹˮſǻͺһ˧
ʹһˣһ˵ҲûܹλүһҰĵķԷҲһ䡣ݣһҲ٣Ѱ˼¾޼Ҳû͵Ӹ׳˾ǡӸŴ˧ɵǶص飬ʲô˵ģҪ¾޼ҵˣǽһĽ󲻽ǰ벽̲סһȡ
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˹µҲ˹ʲǣٱǶ˹ǰĶһߣһڳưҲĸ˹ӹԦֵޣݺһӳڳĽƨϡһ˻¡Уصڳ̶ǰŲΧļٱŷӦߺżоưʼҲûһһۣһǰͷϣһںͷơ
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ȺУݵ͵͵ʹһһۡһһۣشͣɵҲȥȥô˵ܸǰȥ̣׼ɣȥˣ
һݣڴǳ鴤һ£ת˲ͷ͵ȥڽйλĴǵУһɫļţݴûЦֻһǵãǳ굱УЦøһֻĳһ㡣
Ԫһ˾ʮգһྩǣưΪ콫Ասʱ˵ˡ£ȫ˳֮գ׭֮աڸ£ⳡս򵽵ףֻ򱱣


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۹½ڴӪĻŴΣڴӪҵλϣȫ֮ķۡ
ǷָĶڻǰٲġ
̶̼죬Ǹ緢ǿͬһĵ۹࣬Ȼڻ࣬޿޵̬Ƕڳһȫע̬Ǿǲ֪Ϊʲô˶оõ콫ʲôһ´ٲ嵱гˡ
ԭֻɢıʼԱܸеλ˵ѹܸоңձĵ˵յС
ڣƿˡ
仰˵̶̼죬ٲĳΪ˽ĵ۹˿ڿഫĹ
̶̼ܾ½ĽһԱļƻЯڲӢɵĴ뿪˹㵺һĺפڶĸʹ̸ڵ۹رٿ֤ᵱУȻıǴ½ĺƽձԳѾռȫطֻҪȷԵ۹Ѿ̽ͺá
ǿפĹʹǴǵĹңǵձĹ۲Ա˵սǰսУǵԻƫձĻôڣǵ̬ȴȫѾȺʽ߷ʽķʾٲļͬΪ֮սǱԵģڼ˫ڹѸȡúƽ
̵ǣսǰձսжʾ䳰ȷĶʹȴΪձⳡսµͬ·ˣʹںٲĵĻ̸Уʾ֧ѾձĴ۹ĳͽսԶеĴ³ԶʮѴ̵ʱ׼Ӧձ룬붫ս¡ͬʱҲʾڹʽгϣձеսծ̵֪Щ¬мȡһһʵĴ֧Ǹǧٿ׵Ĳϵ
£κһǿҵʾãܼձļ죬Էǰʹǰ׻ʹĵҲԽԽߡ
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ٵˣԶʹֻǵһЦӻӦǲֿƵ۹ߣЭ͵ıҪԡõĵӾձ۹ѾչʾϵĴڣѾȡҪľ󿪻һнƵĳ
ٲѼӲȻ˸ķˡڵ۹رϣ𾴵˿ǰ˽ۡۡǰңвζѹȥϷʼӢūΪΪı档Щͳձʿҳӡ
ٷֲģֳҵƻзҵ˲ƷǣҲʼͨûнŪȥĿܡ˲Ʒθ޵ģΪս˴ĲҲҪرսᣬòòȨ棬ôеЩծǷֽ
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ٵձǾԵȨȴ˿ǰķ糱רдӶ㵺ʱȫǷŭ˳ֵָһ㡣ձ½˽߾ܵά赲Щ˳ٲгĳгʱе˻һ𣬱һĵʣ
һ̣ٵ鷢һ࣬ͷĿгͷѾǻһƬ
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һЦ΢΢ͷ£׼½롣Ǵ
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ٲ˶ʱ򣬶ȴöݺݵĿػٵıӡ
ЦŵͷٵĿת򺣾ľ١ЩȻûк½ͬһԣʱȴ㿪ٲĵĿ⡣
ͬ䣬ںϸûҲǺ˲ƷϵΪеģ˲ƷҪȥҲŵ躣֧֣úܹںչ棡
ٺԼ·Ҳ֪ΪȻ˵ȥձСǴܴʹǣֻҪͶǾǣȡʤȫһǿ֧֣ҲףһսҪ֪ôսᣬǰ᲻ˣս޷ȥڵڶֲӦսÿҪձҵսѣҪʮλ䴬ʲԱ۹Ѿûк󱸱Ҳˣ۹ȫ̴λʮ֣ССսʤĻ˶ûˣ֪ȥֻǸĲҰܣսǰеһУס
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Դ̫ɲ˵½ȴҲ̲סĴڡ
ʲô˵ģ
Ӣ׹ʹ棬ǻȡ׹֧֣ŵ֧֣ʡ½ԵԶ
£͹Ѿ޻˵ˣ½ͺ߰ɣ
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رٲĿ⣬૵ֻһ۵ķ
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ĺӵĲ˻죡
һȵĶӿٲĵĺͷȴȥþһԼȥͷһͷƵ·Ǵǻ漷ģÿһֶڿ
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Ҫֹ࣬ǵĶΪҪ½ɢӪʱȡ½Ȩ󳼣
ΧһƬˢ½ǲԼͬվҲԼͬķһЦӱЩûֱ죬ЩתߣѥڻڲȳֻжվĿٲģֱ̧ͷ
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Ұĵɽѽٵпһ䡣
һжˣѾʧȥ˶ԾƵƿأ֪Ϊʲôʱȴƽ
״Ƴģλʵ׵ܣĻĩսбĻ൱һƳųơʡŰԽзͬʧܣλʱʲôٶʱ̨ȴݷסˡʱλ½ʹȨʹձ۹ͳνײһʣβǵ־ôλʲûиλĿܣʵʷУձ½ʵڽжʱҲĳ˻𳵸ϸ׼ڻʵ֧¼λνձձ;˵оȨ񻰣漯ŵʵȨλǰҲ˶ѡ˹
ƷսƲ½սȻĲþǿලµķǾ»ʧȥڵελ¹ЩƷ;Ѫڵʱ򡭡ǲԸʧܡ
ԼЦΪʷԼС
ٵЦվؼҰɡȥʮһֱ֧ǰеڵΣֻһζѣ
԰գĵ뿪˻ңȺſڵ鿴ٵײײĳϽסٵ׼
£ضôҪվ׼רС
ǣȥأȥ

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ͬգӢĹϵͣս£ҪԸԶϱ֤ƺǾ»;ʵĴֻҪԴٽƽѸʵ֡͢ϲʾܣձ۹ȴʱֳĬ
ͬգפʹύջᣬڶĶԱѾӰ˶Զ棬ڳʵսҲ˺˶ڳʵҵ档һֶαȨƹŵ죬ȴǿӲĻؾ˶ջᡣ
Ȼڶϼף·ԤʾⳡȻڽеս£ǴشĻ죡

£ҪϳʱѪˡ
ٲŴ𣬴ӹ㵺ֱص·ûпͨټҪǰҲǵǱʲôԭڳϾѪˡȻһֱ˯ѡ
ķ¼˹϶񣬴ʽĴ󳵴ȥǺұɽӳ£羰续
һΣѽصĴ¥ǩԼǵõޡõ˳ʡǫ̃壬սµʱ˺㣡ɫѿⳡ棬ûǸһ


ʮ ؽͬ
ƣʲô죿
һͷջĵһǰ仧ĺҶ̧Դ
ռսһʼļͷͲࡣǰЩСձڻͷջ̻ͣʧ˻һ߱һաйĸۿм͸Ƿ·
˵Ǻ˧һվӵעȫתǶˣ˵ӵĽҲֱ棬Ҫ˧ͳʵˮ·ϵӴԼҲ˧ڣ˾۸ô壬˵ųԱͷûСձˡǶй̵ͨĴͷ¶󷹵Ҳ࣬Ϣͨ⼸ϢЩԱйͨͷбˣƳ˱ˣҪվ߶ˣ⻹Ǻ˧ģ
ӱˣСձı͵˱ܣˡһ첻Ҫԣ첻ҪͷСǾһģ˼ʮͷ̴ʱҾͱȥˣȻеΣգǶ̽ŻϹ֪ôģ峯и˧վһͱƽӲһ㣬СҲʰǣ
ս³£ŸۿѾѻ˴Ķ󶹣޻ף˿ͩͣдשһĲҶðӡȲҶȥ廨ЩӵġͷѾ˼û˱ִ£ðûϨЩ£ۣڹݱ˺Щӵ̴ҲȺӵĹˣϹͷϵЩæһֺеĻΪЩӵʧţ̿ļǮһĲͰ⳨˳ԣСƴװжҲû¶ͷתƣǿЩСЦһģӲĴƣǵıձҲҹˣ֧ǵ콫սף
˵Ȼ۵һڵӻ⣬ǿЩ߱ӵӻǾе㲻㡣
ҪǴĺ˧н˵ǵıСձͲҹǲǾŸü
˵ĵطˣЩͷԷ͸ø˧λ

ͷǼżļ́ͷžһȺȳϿǷ˻ת⻶һƬø˳ϿȥͷѲӵҲתߡԽԽ󣬹ǶĻźͳͷڶȥ˺ŲëʡҲˮ̴һӣܵ÷ɿ죬źװ̵СӶǵĽŲͷϵҲժñȻûиЩйһ֣Ҳʾ˶ò;⡣
ˬʱ򣬱йճ羵ϱ̲ϣҹӢıһһңһͬӢʽ̴ʻ̴ĴͷƮһצĲģ

ӵ죬糱ˮһӿձñҲʵĺ֮䡣˳ܲ˵һֱ嵽ͷϣŵ¾Ǻˮͣ½Ųһź˵⼸컹ЩĵĻĲų׷ǵıڣ˧ڣȻǹӵģֻһ죬ǴжûǧĴ˧Ӫͷˣ
뵱͢Ҫλ˧
ЩŵĻǣЩСǼȥһֺĻ̸ʮ𣺡ӷҿôǲûˡͣ£Ƕͷȥ
ͷϼȺͬԶ۵ĽҲͬעͻȻŽĵı
һȺȫǱװ磬Ͷȴһָ͹źǵˣҲǴ˼ҵĺūɣֻҪвɵ˿ķԳԵϡǾ洫ɡͷһ¥Уźվ棬˻վҲŴ¥ͷȴĵطȴȫ¥ƹĶϵ˳ƹİϻҲޣΪѾϳˣھڵȻΪ׵Ǹˮ۵ˣǱĲүʢʢˣ
ߵģ˵ǱˡӪ񴦵ģƺֵģİģлֵġЩ¼дڵ˲šطʵȱޣµıڰ˴Щ˲šЩ˲ʵȱĹٶһپ٣һڵʱҶǺ·ڱĺģ߱ˣ͢ҪԱ֣ЩЩӵǻ̻̲˭Ҳ֪ܲάϵ治ڣֵȥ
ϵ̫ģпɽĶ·ڲݵЩˣȴµӡ̫ԾľŽʢλµĴʷߡŵʿ׵ˣʣʢǮӣָ·ǻָ˭ȥ
غȻԣǿǰȵͷ˳һȴɫӡ
Ҫүڡ
ȣۿ˼¥ˣۿ˼¥ˡˣ˵׼¶
˼ʻŽһ͵ʱֱܲ߶ƨɣ
ڵʢԹŸ˵ɫ꽫ʮ꣬ݸݵģĶһǿǾɸɵġ·װ˻ϢһšͶĴӡһһ֮Ե˽۾ǸͷӻһװټһƤĹ°Ǹʱ͹ҵŵİ칫λ߲ܼࡣڷίûٺ򽻵һһ˼ӡ
һʢҲǼȻֲ󣬵һֻͯԣѧƾûеһЭ²ٰôҵĴҵ֣̾ӺʼйúҵҵֱʼĽ·ҵһûӰŵ˵нվ棬ʢʷһٰĹͣ
ʢȨ̫أǮ̫ࡣǮ纣һھӿʷһ־ּ˵ʱй֮һֱ򺣹صĹصۺ˱Ͷ࣬ټЩ뾭ѵ޼ɵ˼ɵ£һŪһ̨氵ϢͲϵĹˡپ󳼣ʵȨү򰵵ĳʾҪʢǮƽܵ̿ڿֻ¶߰˰ˡ
ǮƽҲˣǾ»ǮҲƽҸҪһҵȨλ֮ϵı
뵽ʢҲûи͵ЩɧֻˮŵĳָĿ棬ֻǳĥ԰ԣΣֿ׼ûУڸѾһΣأѺ˱ûУ

ںʢǴŵĲ¥ңңԵһ̺ջĶ¥ͬ߰˸˴ӵһͷӣͷǱ߿ȥ
ͷӰƮֵٲȻһĹ˺ƹ߸߸ߵ͵ͼӣľζӶԴ棬ϵŻɫߺɫıүӾȻһнŵĵ¹˱˾ԶֻǾעźӭչĲ졣Щɫе˷еĽţҲۡ
֧磬в׻ƱͼҲ˵ô˺꿪ͬСӴ˲ҳ۳ȫգ̫ƽ֣֮ں֮ϣԴԺ󣬾ǸĳʢԬǧǰ˵
ɲǣ꣬Ǽ磬öʮ꣬곤ë̫ƽʮ꣬Ҳʮ꣡ͷһ˵Ǻ˧һ˭Ȼǣ
ĳˣԭҰһѹɷһϣһڴڵĳʷˣһʣӦĴˣģ˵ˣǿ̳£粻ʦ֣̼ʮֵܣܰѱָ췭ظ
үӻԶֻǵɨǼһۡ
ӿɫӱүӣ󻤷ʱٲܵˣһıܴҡˡûٸĽѺֱбĴǲǰ̣ʢ˵ȥˡ죿
ڽ˵ҲаٰѺ̵֣ʱһ̳ҶǿˣǵģһǷʦ֣˵һֶܵ˵¶ٲоĸţ˵⾢ǳʺϲһȺģ
һļҾ죬ָͷϻ˵ʵڻʲôʱ򷢶
۵Ȼ죬ƽүӻǸӣͳһᣬİ׺ӡΧ۾Ƕðˣ˹Ŀڣ󣬿ࡣ
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⼸һɵۣ̱һɢ塣һȻΪͷҲ󣬻ǿźү֧ŲģЩ̵еĵλүӴ˵ǳë˼źЩʳպ˽ĸλʦִүȻ̵ˣ˵û˸Ҳôһˣȵ˼ҲҶ˵ڷͷµһүӷģ
ûλүӣʮǰ͸һ̣н죿
ƽһЦΪһùģҪһסλ˵ǹ£ǰ¡ǵһд㣬ҪһŴ˶ڳһ߻ۣƯӮһжǰ˵Ȱһǻؼҿ̳̳ʲô·һĹʰɾ
仰˵ڳʦǸʹ߲졣ͷӵܲ٣ʢȻƾ˱ջǰЩһֱ⣬ү·ҪʣǰЩûʧ٣Ҳүͷջ̻˳үӿһ£ҽĵĹӴִҼ˵䣬˸ûȤ»Ҫɢ˸кͷԵȥˡֻºƽվ
үԶֿһۺϣ򺣹صˮѾȥˣ춯صں֮䡣
һôֱˣǱߵ̻ûнԵôһֻʲôһѣǾ䣿

үؿɲ´ˣҹŽֹҲ֪
ֿͷֹӢҲˮһĵطêͷѾн򺣹صļ˽ά򡣴庣رǻԱԱУָ⼩˽ӵĲٶӹپǴԹʽӡǼžվţһƴӿ˳һִǰƮĲ졣
ͷ˳Ѿģ˺š˽Աͷ󺹵ƴһάסľĬйˣʱȴ״ЩйصԱﶼеֵֹζ
ִѾ壬Ҷţ˺˵һֻʣһƬֱ۵Ĵͷ趯
ٹԽʱ壬ҲֻйĵľƴȫºǿСձͷɥ˹Ŀ࿴óּ͢ºͬԱľϹ̨Щϰֳͷ
λ˧һתսǧһ
֪˭ȺҵĺԷıһ춯أ·𲳺ܱƶ
˧˧˧
ϳֵһʮͷĹԱӰüĿʣȻȻֵ΢Цȴ
˵ȻһһĹ֮ǡŵŭһĳźѹѹߵͷͷĺ֪ôģ۾һ¾ǿ԰һͷͷЦֵ֣ܵ治֪˧Ѿ
վģðոϸʣ֪ͨһʿ֮ڣ·ɫЩ࣬ǵǰһʱ΢΢еʧǵĻŻͷ˧Լġٴ֣ǴƣҲʱˣȴҲƴɱģֵܲǿٴһˣ˧Ѿºô󹦼İڴ˧ǰнأЩ飬˧ǰ棡
ǰһ֪εĺ򲹹ԱͯڹٳϴࡣһǿͶ£뵽շ⣿˵ģм㣬תһҾ֣´ţĳܼ֮־ףͬţֶָ㣡
ֻǵһЦ
˴θȷڵ⣬ǵ֣лıµŮ硣ټϽǿвⳡս£¶֧֮˼ֻǿڲ֪ôͳһϡЭƽĵͨʱͳƤ¿̨ȷʵϢ֮һҹڽһݣץסᣬðոֱµЩҵץģ͵øϽ֣
һ籨ȥ»ҵʢص磬Ըٴֺһһ籨ͨ庣˰ලյµĹϵפ̻ȵӢԶӵıټӿһϴڵȷ۹׼ֿ죬ͨ졣ҪǵƾһԼϿٲӣսߣ׼Сء뵽Ҫ£һҵ˵͢ˣͽһˣ
ʱˣҲһһ·ѪԼġ
ؽͬǲΪ֪˵ȡ֪ʲô
ɻҡҡͷǸмĿ⡣ǿ΢ЦŰգٴ֣˧ʾһ°ɣɱýŰʧˡ
Ļ˵ʲôҿɲ˧һ仰ƴǰعˣǻƴҡ֣ѾЦŽ塣µĺҲ㲻˵ǲһ̣ǽɣ˻ź治֪ôźã
ϣΪѵֱüͷһ󺣷紵»ߣ۹ȥѾӯʶĻͷһֻ統УѾչ趯
ͯÿգҼһſƮġعʱ򾭹Ӣףӹ㳡Ҳ׶صİգŹӭսĻʼҽӡ
صģһûй
ճĬľԱһз·ͣڼǰ䶯ͷͨˣǹ˱˻ǹҺͽĸƺûһ̶ˮм㲨
ʲôʱЩĬİգҲΪһ
Ȼ䣬ƺֻصƽڵҹյÿÿܿҹĻ⣬ԼԼǹһӶӴӸĽģ޷˵ĳǰЩʿƣ㲣ͣ
һʦݣָϣ½Ͻвһ֮£ͬƣ㲣ŲǹʿһоͷʱֻǵһЦ
˵ڰǰߣģǰվأһɶϾ
һİţûи̣һҷȨҲرһԹŵȫڷܺͲŸɡӱǿȵ̤㳯𣬾ʹûù֧¾ǰ;֧¾ȴԽսԽǿҵػĽ˴ӹȵأ
ʲô֧һʼհͷսף
ԱԹۣܾһƫִʲôץסʲôʲôѵڿеһˣ
´ƣľǴһʼ֪һҪڶ˵ʲô
ЩףĻһǻЦˣˣ׳յǰһҳһšԽԽ˧ĺȴ
ߵúǻ壬˫̤½ء
ؼʵȻһ¾ۿתҪ˵ƽЩ˲Ǽٵġսǿģ˵մ˶ٳ˵ѪЩȻѱ˭Ҳ֪תȥʱЩʲôĿ⣡
ȥ˰絶˪Ƶ꣡һľṳ̂ʵڣɱˣѧ𣬺ǴҶ־ƣվ֡˭˯һ̤ʵ˭ӣǱϾͷɱˣ
һ͹һҲû뵽Ķ
ڼսµѾѾǲʹΣʵ̫ǣһʽĹٷȻٲ̤ϹʱһǰƬأҲӽģҪǻһˣҲ͹Ƕ˰գ
Ȼֹ˶Ŀ̫Ϊ뾭ѵľٶĺԱȻ
Ȼɤþƽ󺰣Ǵ仰ͽԶػƬأ
ִϣڸ̧ͷҲ⣬Ҫβжã
˼ĬȻƽү˦Զ¥ʢȴǿЦҡͷûʲô̸ˣһãλүҪٻҪٲͷѾɵ˵ıˣЦλԼѡɣ

ϣһ͵Ĵһ磬߰˸ǶͿʼˣ˭ıң
һƬĬʵУ˶һǶӡͳüһáӪͷѾţׯȫչѾվĲڽӴϢϴһ˷콫λãһĵҲûˡĦȭ׼ƴȥĹͷȻһһ쵱ӵ㻹ִܱ˧緶ʱ֪Űڸһоλڴڳˣûһһ˼
Ҫ֪µ棬ϵӵľһ׼սľƣƵӶҪִ֧ľ棬λ˧һģ
˭֪Ҫǳ״Ӯǰһ̣˳ݵ֣ڶºһĵλҲɶҡˣԳ͢ӵеʵ˻һݣʲôֶҲŪλ˧ˡҲȻݡΣưɡҲѾҹõˣһʤ̵һ׼ˣƴΣǾǴǸõĵˡ
ˣһ͵ûеƲȥˣǰһ˧Ѿ׼ϣ뷢ɣ
һб֪ܲⳡβһսˣǿҪָƽСھһӲǿûʮʵԳŵԭӵڶСձ̨Ҳ̨ˡͿôȥϸȥ
һսˡ
Ͷ䣬ķʣһ׼ûУҪǻʲôǣ˵û¶ٷϻƢҲá
һнȫƽأ嵶ײö죺ԸΪ˧Ч
Ԫһ˾ʮ°գǵִţ֮󣬾Ϊ֮ĿȴֲҶԡͬһգѾչϵʼվӻ


ʮ һսһ
ϵգڣһɱĺ磬ʱѾ˿˿ˡź磬εĲãһƬ
ȻʵһƬͨ͸ľ˴УֻûǾ
׳ʿսɱ˵ĺ
жδʱʮʮĻڣʮ纣ɽһսѾڶǵĴغϣݺײɱ棡
̴ڣͷ·ǹ˳Ĳˣжʱƺȥˣ˸ɾһ·һ·طһһؽһһǴվϢһⲡһһİͷˡۿųԵúã˯㣬үҲæʲôġʮʮǰҪ֪϶گҪͶ
ǬŤתֻ򺣶дһˡ
ɽ׿ۣ˵սھѾȫŤתԭ˱ϵܾѾٳưļһίʿԽڶͳĽڶЩɢӪͷڱɽ̨̻̲յʱһľձ˵
ϰܾٳĹٱѹȥڲѾǴһǿĽһڶһڻףȥǰѹģֻŽڹӲϣȻһϯʧءҶǴģһҲйоأ˭סнڲһĿɽСӣڶӦҲηηŵģ⹥ս۴Ͱ޽ɡмҪһǰãͼͶӪͷԱʾòŽʮӪͷһٴ˳
һɾģ̶̲һµĹѾôϲƺӵıѾפձӵ䴬˫Ȼû˺涯ʲôֶЩļֱƽԭвѾȫڴһıʣϺ޹˼ɵתˡЩֻǵĺôʿĵĺô˵ˡСձΪвɣ
涫ڶ̬Ҳ˷ܡһ·ƻôܼĹӱҲû˲½ʱƽݣ˳ׯ̨ľͷڴ˳ׯ̨һչ̬ս־Ҳôǿˡ
Һͷ˳һΪУһΪӵЩϺǣɧŹŹӵıվߣǵ顣Ǳս˵ûƴֿ׵ַ񾢶ԭһСӶܺʹսͶĶдʮŶˣЩСӷ²Ѻ͵ѾӪţׯһӪٶʻ㱨ȥ˸ʡ˳ΧļӪͷһٲսһ·ˣʲô˵ʵû
һƼҶ֡һȦСô𵱳ѣĵѵʱ򣬴Ҷ꣬ʱ˭Ϊ½ˣڳôɥֻ֮ôȴˣ
ֻдһˣֻдһˡʲôйس֮屦ʱһζЩܻͬЩسں̨壬ԽϹͬʱսʱߵס˷½ʦȴŴ󿪣󹫽ָݣ¶ʱ󶨡ָо·ζˡֻЩسĵҲһݶϣ˳ʰɽұЩسûҪҪü
һѾɸơѾչⳡ˳˯Ѿõ徫սµУѾһɳ죡
ڹٳеˣʱѾڷжϣڹļܹѾⳡսˡ˭֪ñ䣬ǳʲôط䣬䵽ʲô̶ȣ˭ⳡ仯˭Ҳ˵˵һǲܲٵȻڽﵱ˵УⷴǺ¡һսʱʱ򣬵ǿʢҲһ˥ģ˵ٵǧδ֣֮
ʱһܲ٣Ҳӡڣܲ٣ûֵֵ׷棿
ȻЩͷķڰֻڻȴʱϵ˵ͷһЩ̴ڣǸ˾͵Ѫԣ˧ѾһһӪˣе飬ǽӸºȥ̵ΣѵĹͣϴɾĳ裡
Ƕļһսˣ˭ˣСҪϰ˸ɾӲŵĵ𣬾ͳ꣡

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춯أʮӪͷϵĺϣʱڶӶ˳ͱ컶
ӵһ۶ȵȻŽĲ졣ЩϺӣһҷ˳һ˹ġӡѾֵݱˣû˽ʲô¶ϵ棬һ־ԼϵһЩɴǹ
Ѿׯ̨հս֮һչѾһӪͷѾվţׯΪĵĵؿʼ̽ԹơνıҲûʲôߣڰʮӪӣȫ淢ƣƹȥˡչٲҪҪƣڵԽԽá
սˣһͽЩıҲûˡڶǹˣʿҲȥͷ·ͨӲҲɾǡ
ȻҪȫ߽ôʿҲǴͳ˧Ҫ顣ǴŴ죬ҲƵĴϵѲӪͷ
ÿһ⻶Ǿ춯ء
ʦүʱΣ
һϣңָǽҲƵӪͷ
ͷƵԷХǰЧսʿǸ͢оٶһֻ۱һֻۣȥһ׼һԽĵҵҵһˬľˡ
ȫԼǰʱòſǽŴҵٲ˵ĹĶǣչãֻʮ֮ʹǰУʤİûа˳Ҳ߳ɣ㽫۳ô˵Ӣ۵ñӽܲˡ
ֻܲѣжˣ򸴺
ֱżһ緢ӣʱпǼЦŻػµ뵽գ
һһЦӳǰ߰ɣǲ
ӣһţ͵ˡһ϶ǳЦһЩӴ輤ңһ緢ĻѪӿͷ߽ڿգһֱߣһǳˣҲϣٽסĶǿû֣رϱ߾ͳ˧ˣȻԽԽߣ
ۼѾڵӪڴӪ⹧ӭվͷʮԶƮĲ죬ٿͿһһǰ죬İ΢΢Ʈ̲ס͸һ仰
ξˡǲ죬ȴҫۡ
תۼһѾӪţʱɤţ˧
һȣǧףǧٱһ¹򣺡¹ӭ˧
ǴظȥǴ˧Уоս֮٣ȥȰһͷʲô
һӦǣžվƼһѾժЦľͳȭϾţˣùܷ
һɫҲӱĳ̬˧ԣºθҿ˵
һЦᣬڸǴ緢ʱ֮Щҫۣ׳ģ˳һϢҢɽıѾȽܼӣƵüɺˣָͤĹӪҲ˳ɽѾܺׯ̨ˡϢһϯ˰ɣ
һʿɻư书ʮһɧѾˣӪͷ죬ԷҪָǰλ˧ʿѾȦˣ˵ˣҪչ֣ưѾ˷콫ı١Ե٣ִ࣬࣬ٻԶǸطôҲòֵڶվԴˣһĻ̻̲սӣʱãȵʲôʱ
ȴʼղɫֻǹɡưʿڰտ𽻱һһͽڶδսѾվׯ̨սߵı࣬ó˽ȥҪԭ֮һҲΪվׯ̨ڵı࣬ɺҰǰضѣվûȫƺǲֿףһֱ˵˳Ŵ䡣
ⳡսµУȴðͰģһһӪͷȥд춯ͻӪͷϡչԶԶ֧ѾһιҲдټݵ˼
ģȴ²ģ֪ϼһô˼ͶЧʱźҪׯ̨ôģ
ϢһЦݽ佩ٽҲͣ½Ųʿ׷ӪУȻһʱͰֻԶԼԼƮ
ģӾʱһУúõ£Ĵһ̣ⶼˬ

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ɺӶһֱƮ˹̣Ҳһûһׯ̨Ʈ
ɽҲ½ȫװվԼ˾ݶϣԶһĿǱߵķ
󽫲һıߣԴսּתֱͱù²ı󽫸¸ɴƸۣһ·ͦҪôɸңҪôʤҪôڶͬӣлҲ޸ƽ
˾ı˼⣬ıָҲⷽİʾⰵʾıԭԡ
ձԶѾסˣ̶̼棬⽻۳岻֪ж١
һߵĲıǲ֪ӢѾջᣬҪ˵ⳡԶսµеӢӡĽҲԶ¹Ǳʾֶ֧Զľٶǵ¹˸ɵķ˾Ҫԣ͹ϱʾҪ¿Ƕڹծ⡪˭֪Ǹмʵָ̨ѹ·ԶüᶫѹѹһӣʵѾפչʹֻǸԶս£ԶҲ㣬Ǵ·깤ءפչʹеʮѴ̵һۻ֪ûء
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濴ڳԶһէڻںֻѾˡʯԼһ߿˺ڰǺڰžҹɫУΪĻ֮ʦڳĬĵȺŹ棬ͬվ
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һ·𣺡ߣشӪȥģСҪׯ̨һ߲Ŵô˳


ڰʮһ һս
ҹɫᡣ
ʯһߣͬبδ仯һ㡣
սѾĨȥ̷ĺۼǹͨƽԭˮ½ĳҪˮ½·ϢϸĦ࣬չ꣬ʳ꣬ɽջ۴νӱȣ˳ƹС򡣵Ǽµսվ̣һաҹҲǵƻͨһļջù·ʱ򡣵ǴʱӴʯűɽͷȴһƬš
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ֻǽվһڳµģսȥԶƣֻα仯ⳡսµеɫ˵ȣȴǵˣ
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ٸ£ѾһУԸѡ·ĿԴ۹һ

ҹɫУֻһƬǵİɫζɫֻڽɱ衣΢ԶһЩȫڳҹɫûˡ
ÿһɫվʿҺŵİײµĺҹУӴӵվٱֻЯǹӵԼװߣصĴǰأһءڶߵĻڣ͵Ұڶ͵طж񡣷˳е̨̨ڡֱ֧ԮɽڣЩȽͣж˿飬һԶģԣһ߽ģֱӿվ߶ڳգҺڴʡ
ڴȺ˳УһЩСϣǵڻĸԵڶӣҪ֤ԭϹõĵڶȫ˵˳һߡ
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ǼǿһŵĶһҰӣѾȫʮűصķҰڣͽֳӳТȺд߳һץסĸ첲ҡᶼ
Ľ㣡
һýģ˵ʲôֻʵô
ʯһߵһżǿоУǶһҰȣǵһȻɽùĶһӡųľѾ㳷ˣ㵽һ߻Կľ˵Ҫͼһ
սʱľ¶죬ڣ޷ܵڶγˡ
˵һųľϣСΪֱӲĽТɲҽӡһ½󳼴ɽҵĸ٣ζԱڶսŽֵĶӳְڻɣǴɽҵĵЩһֱҰսӷ۵ľ٣ݵϵɲһҹʹĳˣϣȥǶϺųлû뵽ǻͶ
Тһ£벻ҪһţǾ˾ٵҲսˣߣȥ¶Ϻ󣡡
ˡ䵭Ļش̧ͷڳҹգӵ㰡ӵҹΣյʱ򡭡ܹ˳˳ȻɱһײͷѪɣԸ۹һҪߣ
Тգ۾ţʣ˵ɽҸΪֻҪס˳ͻԼԸǸһôǲսѵɥ֮ȮһȥôôԼԸǵ񣿡
һٴ𻰣ĬĬһתһȻĽТЩ¾޺ôվôڶһȻϹˣǱѹ˶ǧֻ꣡Ҫһ߻ᣬҺʹ󽫸£һУҵд󽫸µӢܣȴֻһһ

㼲ۣʮһľҹɫֵĶء
һͳڶǰ棬ģǱҹգǰ߸ڶӣһûһĴڵ
һĸʲЩ±죬֪һʲô裬ҹӪ˯úúõģͻȻټǾͷһĳӪǱױر׷һҲֻǵıӰ
˭Ҳ֪һεĻջǡ
һֱΪձ˻Ϻģȴû뵽ձڶ˱˳ĿԣֻҪСӽǸҪǵսٲȥġƴ˴ǲܴµڶȫصĽ˳һ硣
ֻҪս潩ҲֻνˡطڵĴšҲܽԼͷʵҪװģЩȡıǮ
ս£Ѿﶥ壬ĸ߶¡ڽ˳ֻĥ¾⣬еĳʻأδλãԼֻҪ췴͢Լ¶һϵķԸ
뵽ľв٣˵ߵ壬ĵΧ˳ľͳ˧ղ󳼣ͣ͢ȣ¾㣬ʰѾĳʣжΧĵطʵһ֧¾ù˳£Ǿϲĳ͢ټϴлôӪͷԶԶδһ˧վΪѣһҲò½˳һѽǽͲˣ͵췴
ڽתսʵʱڽʦϵʱ򣬳͢һСΪֶֱּ׳˼㡣ϣùµʱһˣ
˵ʵڵģҲô³͢Ըˮڣ⼸ôġһľ棬һҪǸһļ磬ֻйһ
ԣҪӦԳ͢ͲȫĶվս͢ԣΪʰձ˴ʲôܣпܵľóʻɽռءһ֮δֻǷϺÿ㣬˵һʲôʹӸʡ
ûʱ򣬾ǽǣ
ʱսǨӣһʱĶ᲻ỹ֧ȥûĲһУĸɾԼеʵȥ
ѵѡ⣬һҲ
Ψһİ취ֻȡþԵģѸٵʤ
ԭļƻãܾ֮סվǵʵѵȵվĵһ̶ȣȻӲ౳սʤܡ
վһ򵥵ĳˣܴȫ̼ƻ
Ķ֣ǺɼɽԪӢﷱ̫ɣʲţصЩջ˵İ׳վˣٲģɽңԴ̫ɣĶǿܣ
ϵҳҲҪ롣кͰĹһպϡԶ׷Ҳûʡ˵Сӻ̬ءڽһǱߵĵ籨ҪŴʯһ䱸ȴг䱸תΪ䱸Ҫʱ䣬籨һ£ʯһ߽һվվ˵Ѿ˵˳ˣ
Ҫôƣ
ԼҪⳡһļ磬Ϊʲôѣ
ΪʲôԼڶսʱ򣬻ܵ÷ֳһ뾫񣬶Լı
ͳµ˫һȻ֮䣬ҹɫУһУУֱҹ


ڰʮ һսģ
һνղԯǰӪʮĵطվԯǰϣԶɺӣׯ̨Ϊĵսһࡣ弾ñղ֮һ֮޿ɱһߡ
ʵ⻹Ȱ˧صĽˣôѪȷ磬һĵ˳˵Ų͹ǰվˡ
ղԯʮţƤɣһֱݣ˸߸ߵ͵͵ľˣߵ籨һֱ˹ҲǴӽݵ籨ԯҲܺнݺ󷽱ϵͬʱŶսãһѲӪԯսӣи˱ܹԯһߣնġ
ʮ·̣һҪĴ֮£תۼԯΧرһʲôˣ
ȫϤɤŶҲһڵʦݵʱоĹٱûǾƬӸ¿ƵĶǰͷͷ¡
˧ԯн񣡴ˣ
ɤŶҹյдԶæľתҪܻȥ桪ʵҲòˡľǣЩ֮ǰֱԯӪ
ҲЩرˡʱѾԯſڣȺ򡣽ľ·һͳϣûֵĻԶͦԯդϲŵ֬ѺնɫĻ磬յɭȻй⡣
һһ۾Ƽԯſڵݣķ֣ñŵЩһáܷӵʱһһ˿Ԧղסŵľֱײ˹ȥվһ´죬ǽ˻һײײľվס˽ţ٣˶飡
ݣͤȥ磬Сǰߣǰر̬ƸΪ̬ơģôˣɴһֱ֧վԶ󷽣СҪǲǳȥ
һڰͷŵĴѾȥֱʿɶĽӪͷȥһĸʲҲ׷סĿǰһС
սǰļƻǴɺӣʯţϲţׯĵطվһԵĻսּҲվȷһչ˭֪չû죬һϸ˷Ƶĸϻ˵СҪ
ݳһ£ɫĵʣ˧ǰӪͷĹӶԯΪʲôûеõ㱨
һܲ˵Լ˳ΣͻȻͷͷɶƣ͵ԽԽϣ̲סЩ
һսʤ֮Ҳ֮䣡
ʷҲ㲻٣ͳ˧һЩ˵ֱⶼΪͳ˧λߴ鱨ܡξ£ͳ˧ȫ˽⡣Щͷͳ˧ԺȥʶľڷܽᣬƲ⡣ҲĳʱƶϳĽͻȻķʽͻȻ˺ǰһеսͿܷıʣչǰ
һԱ׼ֻרעս¡սصĹֱ仯Ҳʡһȴһⳡ磬ӴԽʼԺȣȥսսֵı仯ʱ޿̲㣬ǣжÿһֱ仯ÿһֿܡƾڶʱ˽⣬˫ͳ˧̬־ĵİաⶼǺоɹƣʱֻһУ
һ̣ޱԼֱ
Ǵ˿̣ݵķʣҲֻаش𣺡ԼжϣҪʲô鱨ܣı붨ˣһ˵ľ
ûЩ֧ţȻı˧ûУϮԶ׷ʤϣϵվͻȻı䲿𣬴Ⱥ󳷵ĻϡϮԶǣѹǣʹǵĳ˱ܣڣôıϮֻվķײͷѪ˧˴սʯ
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һĿð޺ݺҡĿϣ˻ǣ
ãݺõúܡʱҽˡһⲽ޻ӵú죬ĵţһһӴϡȨ˧Щ粻
ʱһߵûг꣬ݲԸȥһ˼ʿǲҲ£Ǹɴ²
Ҫǳڣһھܽһ뵱Ӣۣͷβһս꣬ذˡһ֪ⳡս̵ĸ˺ôѾ˼ޣõİ취ǹȥʵڴǽǡ˺͸Ұļһÿһ˱Ѱ뻹Ҫһ̱ۡ
뵱ӣҪƷ
һվŬƽϢԼҵתͷ򶫣ĿųҹΧ˵ĿҲǣ򶫿ȥ
ӢࡣǴʱ˵أݣ֪ôձǵĵˣΨһһ˶ѣͬҲңӸλľ֮Уһ˵£úܣҲ۵úܡƽʱҶָǣת۹ͷȴֻԼӵʹӲǰģ
֮ǿĵλǮƣ󡣶ʷǧ꣬ɡЮ֮ʿӣǰ̧ͷĹ㷭תµľĺ־
һǴһ˿΢ЦǿԶݣ룬һңֻһΪСʱս£õѡʲôѾ֪Ѿ򲻿ˡҪұЩӬӪ֮Ըӣвһһ
ģӻǣ
һ͵һ໰ȻͷűݣͷٻľҲøӣҪ͹Ժ£Ժ˵ӵľҪⳡجսԼУѪɫֵӸɾվҹسǣʱΨһѡ񣬾߶ϮԶ׷
Ĭ񣬵˧Ȼ¾ȻִСֻǳڿ»ԭļƻǹչ֮죬ʯһߣȫ湥ơվҹˣֻ´ʯŷѹȹѾˡ˵棬ʿڸϻĵִϮԶ׷ľ񲻶࣬𣬽ҹҲˡư
ݼɼҡҡͷȻվñֱ˧һһӪҰɣн֡ǧˣҲԴȥˡı²ұֻ֤Ҫһһ䣬һڣһ׷ѹվֱǱ
һһӪһСӪ£ĶһͷȫĻΨһɿսղݵĻȵͷѾ侲һЩڲչΪ˽˵ıʵǰԭս붨ģվǽҹͻȻҪˣôüõҲֻ㲿ӣӪͷָϡڴʯһߣλվĽϷûִͨѶֶָΣýһ֮¾ת빥Ҳǧ˵ı׷ѹվһɼһߡҪǣʹǧҵıȫȥˣҲܽѹȵñ
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ӸϵããҹɫŲʱô׼ϧԼҲȥѵô
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Щô죿Ŀܣߺ󣬻ǿЭ£˵ùȥķʽⳡս¡͢ò㣬ձٳԵ㣬ǿĺôٸ㡭̫ƽձҰûг״ӼǴϣǻϢҪģⲻҪǸ磡
ԶˡˡǣʱյĹˣǸʱһᵽͨͷдѹ֣
Ĭ֮УͻȻȻУϥأ˧ɣµɴ˧ָɵҫĻơ˧һ£Ϊ˧׷⺣ͷ
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ʮǰֽҲ׷״ǧ򣺡˧֪˭ӢۺúúǣҲӵڣⶼǸĻǲɣûˣôڳʣڶˣ
ڿ⣬һͳͷ˲ˡǴ˧ǺСձô˲ٵĵٶΪУζٺ٣
СӪӪҲ̶鵱Уʱǵͨ죬뼷ǰҲսҲѧʶ˵ˡһվҹɫУȻձ۹ΪУΪСȷɣѪж䣬ֻѪڣ
Ȼ˶Ȥζ治١
ûڣվǰҲһȥˣ˧¾޼ңҲȫɰģ̣ͷʰЩ˲ٵġ˧󳼣࣬±Ԫ˧Ҳ֣⽭ɽҪ˵һȥ㵱Ѫһ
һһЦҪȥһȥ
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ݳУ͵˵˼䡣ʿɽһ˲ͱһǰ˧ǰҲ˵㶯ƺڻѡǰ̽һ£˵ʲôᶯЩûӴ׼رء˧׼ˣû˵ģҺһ
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һͷһڣʾСʿһ𣬸ӳתսĸʲǷ׷ײСһһ仰Ҳ˵Ȼݻ֮ٲعˣ
ǧཫʿһ˻ͷҹɫвǰֻʿɻͷ϶ǱǷ򣺡ϰƼôȥ˧ѽ

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ĽǶҲ˲ãľų¥˭֪ĺϷг֮šϷᡷǵƲšʲôóˡһϷһ˸ͷ̨ĿѣԣϡˣĶǶϣʤЩǶƢͦǸܰŪһ̨ϿɲףϷͷҲ󲻵
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ڳƽˣҲһȴԽԽԸơ붼ëǶûǸģ˭һ׽һˣƫƫڻûӶԸ
ϷүյᡷҲԡһ첻ܵزյúĸʢ磬ǽúѹָɽ¡ϷүҲָÿڲЩӣ͢˭ŶǺúƵòã
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Σƣ֮䳪գѾõĲ
ڶϣȫݺݺҹ󸾹Ůҡбǰϣ͵Ŵɫ¶ЦݽкãʱƺáӿڣһڱϷүôûƣӦͣ
ڣҹỤ̊ôһԴӵѾͷȻϷү谮û
ЦǺǵģһ飺ǸͣǸͣ˵Ͷ٣
գգ۾ʮ
һЦԱЦСֻͣӯ̩񰲣Ϸү飬͵ɣ
Ѿͷô˼ƶ˵ЦָĹ˵ǶͷͷǴ׻ðøߣһҲ˵ϹƫƫôϷүϲүϹۣ
֣ӢģȥöɢģװһѰɣ
ǰĹһֱЦøϺƵġͻȻиƷԱ˵˼ʲôĻͷ濴һۡӦŴɫһĻǱߡѶţǹٶİʾЦվϷүȱˡ
Ҫȥֻ֮Ц˵ҹŮ־һЦҲЦϷүТϷүϷ
ЦŰ֣ȥȥɣţ˭վţϷˣɴ⣬¡ӢŷԸС̫ȥǮתͷʹڴߣϷүĵĻؾʦˣǲŴϻġץġ
ӢǶ˵ӺɫŲһ㡣ûֻ۾΢˿ɫĵĿ˹뿪ĵطһۡ
ģɫʡ
ǣ˵ˣϷүø⡣
һû⣬ûϺĴ̨ȥҲš
˵Ͽץá
͵һӷ֣ŭͻϻϣǾͶǵϵߵλã˻ϣǶǲǣʰҸ𣡡
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пòסأϣһϾڴӡûǾ䲻Ҳûҽλã˶Դǲǡ
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ˣưΪҲСӣͨ򽫷óйձֻҪ˱ǸҲɷһϣ²Գ飬ȥһҪǣԭţϲ岻֡Խ£Ϲϵʥȣ˶֮ͽȻԶսй֮и֮ºβģˣȼڵ
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ӢǺε֪ΧмĿһۣҲƵó̵ͳ̨лϷүͣͷඣ
Ǯ׷أϷ̨ЩǶŷӦ˵һ;ƨһ󣺡ͷඣͷඣ
ѾչնЦ۾ƺĺ
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ҹɫУ׷ϽȻŹ
һӪ׷ͣûϡҲӪֻǴվ纮¶أ˭ȰӪ춼λϽƺµһҪʲôֻԯסɳ̽ԶԶĴԯȻر
ϢһĴ
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ԯнʿӼϣųУս׼
ʿɴս߸ϻУ
ǧཫʿöУֱָûׯֱָ̨ׯ̨ɺӣһ˷ˣֻҹɫһֱǰ
˧߽һҹ統У򲻹˶ȥǧ໢񡣾þò֣
һϢ֮һҡתͷԶɺӣ֮£ˮϸƺǵѪ⡣
һΣӲѪǷǺ˷ιܣӲ촽ҧһ
ϽޣҶԲЩúӰҶԲ˰


ڰʮ һս꣩
ʮپʮɵдʿͳĽмֱ˹ȥֱָׯ̨ӪͷȻʿҲûж˳ıɵƶ顪ȻŽšʵûʲôʱ֧飬Ȼ¿̨֧鵹еЧ֮ģٽϵڣҪʱ䡣ʿ˾׼Чһ֧ƣ͹ܲôˡ
ǧ˵Ҫׯ̨ͽǿɺӣֱվ˭ҲûţԼܻŻ
װ׼ս
оѾλáǰٱǷ׷ĿʼҩϴɶǴȫǰ˵ݣʿɣȼ߼٣ȴ첽С𡣾Զ鿴ׯ̨
սĻͷѾȫվϢƶ°룬һж˺ڰСʹϾĲ˾ԶҲֻܿҹɫׯ̨һɺӻһͱĸںϣ沨ᶯ
ȥʱ棬ΧɺҪ㷴ɱˡż˿ڵķͳ˹⣬ӻһ롣иֻսζשľ¹ǽһĻ򡣼գȻȽ棬վȻȻ̬ƣǧײȥ˭֪ʲô
ݾԶŽ࣬һһɨǰһСʿȴûж࿴̸Ц
ͤһǴҵȻֵܾƫˡȳ壬Σ
Ļ˭ϻһϸ磬ô¹ǽùȥ
ôҲó尡ѵĻȥ˧
˵̸Ц¶˾ģôޣѾ޹ؽҪ顣ʿ۲̬΢Щࡣ޷ǾײȥΨѣ
ƣΪҲǹٳ΢ҲЩסȻԸ룬ʣõѡҲǱʵʹưϹ˵ֻҪʵ֣ܰ͢һôˣǾڽҹΪһʤĻᣬһͻһҵף
˵ݣȾ١һҵףһһġһһ߼ɲκһǾ޴ġһȴˣɫֻҪпܵĻԼҲϧȥҲƣ
ͻʹ壬ս֮ʱתսǧﳯʡ½ԽʱΨսֽɫʼл֮ʱҲΨȻΪʤ龫ǣϧһУùΪֻдһ˳ĶԴⳡս
ֻ˴˧ĸԸЧѡ
͢㸰ʱδзֵ׷㣬޹Ұ
ɫƮݵʱͻȻǰָͳӹȻ׼󳷣˧㣡
ʿɺͽһ𣬲ԼͬľԶרעָŵķȥ
ʿǶڵһߵĽ˧ЩҪ˵ˣľɲҲϲϡսǶԵУʼ˱ֽӴϵĽװѲߣʱֺ͵һߵоĽӴս鱨ԴԴڳʣʼտսһðԾݡǲǼ±ɵǰ֮һǿǹڣ˶׳Թһ¡ҹȫձӪʼձֽӴ¶ҲûҹվʵѾ΢Щ춯ˣʿѡǰ죬رĶʿƣ֣ʹ˵ʿ׼ԼױȥʱһѾ˹
Ѿֵĳأ߱Զӳ֮£ȻҹɫʹЩӳ
ׯ̨棬Ȼӱ棬ȴǵ㣬һƬİɫСվҹжİײɺϣдƬƬİ׵ζվˮǳͽ˴ģҹȻվ׼ˣѾǰǰ
˴Ŀǰһ󣬶һ
Ȼ˶һͻȻľߣЩɡΪӾѧ˵վˣر˳ݣϵȥֻǰڳһصļơվطĻԽ˳ۣ˵ѹ䡣սǿһطضáսеһжҪΪȡսȨػȥڷսµȨվ޻ءĻʹڽ˳һ꣬Ҳⳡսûа
սֵأȡʤһ߿ܡػȥĻһܻʤ
˶ΪһԤԵ׼ȷ𾪣ͷһӿԺ
ӳȥסⳡս¡
ȥʲôôǴӮ
Ŵ˧¾ĥ͢Ϳ֡ǵĵˣȻǴ壬Ǵ˧Դ˹ˣ޴˧֮ǿʱ
˧ߣ֣سʣȥ˭κǣ
˧ˣô죿
˧ȥٿں̸ȡõ
ģӺͳ͢ǲĬһԸǣǵĵˣ⣬ڣ
񽻴󣬶һЦ
һߣţԱʵ⽻Ƶ£Ȼѡսǧ꣬ơڰʱȴסһ⣬һϣ
ʿЦڳһǧˣܴԶ
ư죺̫٣ǳ⻻ͻȻ˲ɺӣ嵽ţׯѾˣ֣ͤȿ죬һˡֵǰ㣬ʱֲһ·
ȴȥǳصĴʯһߡһ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ҹ絶ͷȴֻĻȡ׻֮Уս˵ء
˧Ҳ
ǰѹӴˣƬңﾯѣֻܷ֡ҪǸɵĻԽ󣬳ӱĳҲԽ˳λǲǰװ׼
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Ԫһ˾ʮʮһ

ԴӰ빫פ֮ںǾûͣͰݿ͡
̨Ļ̡̻ûͲٿȫֵΪʱ½ѾǱ䡣ӾǱߵϢϵĴЩ顣͢Ѿ׼ձ󣬾㲻ȫ̽գҲҪǽǡ
ǰһôġҲ١󣬳͢Ҫϣسسʶɲǰ˵ġþǱйƽ⳯Ҫһӣ
ھҵ󣬸һǰ𡣶⣬һԵһ¡͢ȴûпƺֻмӿ춯Ͻڳ͢档˱ʵͿԼһˡҲ΢дԣ˵һڽݶʱѹ˳͢ĵ籨һƿϵľ档һ׷׵ԹúͿǰڳһʼպһԸļưҪһƴƣ͢˵׼Ҫóɽãó͢ҲˣɴԼԱ֣
һִƱô꣬ӴˮһĴƵȣȴ̲Ŷٺôһ۾˵ļһͷٷھʦ汼ߣıλáһȫûؼҳԼ
̹˵ģ˵ҪעҪùģرЩǮļһһɧģӺòź򡣵һǴҹͨ£æ·һ¿ɽɫɫеȥӱģеĺ͸ضĵ̽Ͷļ롣һΪĴںǵ·Ҳû˱˱֣˵͵һݻǵӡǼĻйǮģЩڱϵǶЩʵҵרҵ˲šҲǺܴ󣬸ûʲôŵԡһ׷ۣһѡ˴һӣһͯˮǳ
ʵһҲ֪˴ҡڵĵ򡣲ҲһЦָֻʾ֧ʵʵûưˡ˽լҲ˵ԯ˼ǳսµС
ʱһ˽լ棬һλ͵ں˶˱װڻв
˿Ǳʢڵķ糱ƺûӰ쵽ү㡣λôȥӪԵЩˣЩֻǱֶ飬ûһڣٸڵķˣҲµŮЩȮء
ԣõŮӿɺãûŹŮôÿǿȥˣЩɲҲûһѣѣ
̸˵绨ѩ£ʢһЦڷˣһӡҲǻºôЩ꣬ʲôûҲʢƪ
ии׾ֻʢ͵Ķ̫ˣܲˡúγ˼ǳҰףǺȻй־ʱõЩ쳾дͽ˵Цǻأ
ʢֻЦָʶôǰжǵ۾Բлþˡڴ˴ĿͶʢһˡȹǮǱ䡣ץͷܲˡǵͬڵһﲻҪҪѾ㹻ȱľĹٺ˲šЩǾӪܲ˵ġǮ棬һֱӼãҲǳ֮ơʢ֮Ŀҵ׶߬ءӪ˲źǮƣٲõĶ˵ˣ̫СǷͨͨԴʢ֮ءʼǸأ
ЩʢϻĹǰ׷ѡСĸ߰ʮ϶Уȥʢͼ룬ʢƫƫȴԲ壬ʲôʵڻûСžƣ˧ܺܿҪˣ׽סֻ꣡
ٳбʢǳܶ࣬ʱҲ಻סһ־͵ʢˣ
ʢæס֣ٴݥǣ˽֮أʢˣѾǲʹͷֵܲǽ򺣹صʢˣǲǻҪֵܸٴվࣿ
һЦڳʣʲô鶼нֱֱֹȥ˹ڣÿ·޻ϣƵó棡
ȻˣҪ˵ݥֵ֣ܶ˸˧УӢܡ˧ȣΨݥһˡȻ壬޹־±һ϶˵׹󣬲֪ۺݥ֣ƥҴ˧𺣶Ϊ֮ʱ̨չһԣĳʱλãԴ̨
Աţ΢ɼҡҡͷʢЦҲֻȻһҾء
ڰ˰Σʢųٴ֣ʵˣֵҲ˵ЩȥĻˡ˧£ǲǣٴֲ˼УҪֵһʵڻǲǣ
һڣȴתͷȥʢ仰ʵʵڣڽڹϣ޷𡣵¾һЦ˧ϵսϣδ̸õµĻ
͢һܱסܵĵط̫ͨ࣬ϲЩҲ̫ࡣϢٷ㲻ҲѾˣ͢ưЧѾ㽫սȥս²پһĵλЩϲΡڱһȥλ뿪Ҹ֮ءҲڽܹĵĺ͸ʹڴ̸̺˵Ҫóҷַ֣Ͻ˽ⳡս¡
Ϣںạ̊́ҲʱһӦùϳս£̵ĺôѾȫ̵ˡվΣ̸ЧΣСӻ᲻㷭ռˣѾòŹˡȻܽΣѵĹףҲȥʱݾ֮أϽʰһ£ǨΪ֮ࡣ
֪ĻˣҲ޲˻ڱЦʲôٹԽΪλʱҪô죿ӣܵñ˭죡ǸطԼѹȥ͢Щս£˺ͿˣϹȥˣô
ͨϢĵط˾Ҳе䡣Ҷ˧ôʰɾڷų˸ͣ͢׼ֵķһҲйһǿң˷ɱˣͻһͣȻôˣ
Ҳָλ˧Ĺԣ֮ڵĶʵǱǮбǮģ͢ͿͿܲ˧һû³ɣ
ۼⳡ紺Σֽһı紵ȥ
ɱǣһϵڵǺͲżڣҲô롣
ӲŬ˵Ļʢֻ΢Цٴ֣԰˭ʱϽµġˮҲաֵֻ룬˧ӦöɣֵܺûʲôҪģһӣ˰ˡüȥֵҲ;ˣȳ͢ڲɣ¶ֵܵŰգ
԰գҾûͷûԵĻûףĸͿͳȥſڻʢȵĺ䣬ȥ
ʢݥܾˣſڣȻڷ仰
ɫԶݥġ㻹ûĻô˧ֲһ˧ϳӦ֮⡣Ҫͷ޷ԼѡȻҶһֺαͶ仵Ӫﶼһ
һǵͨ죺˧ôܺЩһ
ҡͷЦսΪԼĵ̡½Խ˧ղȡԼºôˣپˣѡȷʵ͵̰ɡ
һȸʵ¶ǿСȴ¶δҵ񻰰ԭУȻȨıΪȴ͸һ˿â˴˴ȴԺ¶һ㣬ƾʲôģˣ
֪˵ʵȴԽաôһҵս£ѪͿ鶫ѵˣѵ˺Ϳˣ뷴ȴ֪Ӻ˵𡣴ҿⳡսµõôˣһҲ⡣ҹ飬Ӣսתۼķ̡
˧᲻һģ
ҧҧݣڡȴȻתͷ򱱶£ڿءں͸һ˿⣬Σһתۼ仹ǺڰһƬ˶ڵһס˭Ҳ֪᲻ȵ

ݵССݶӣѾ׼ʱ
ϺļһվһµϣѹɤŶסĻӶ첲죡ྲ
һǧˣԶһһǧˣôխĵڽںҹУҪǣܾؾ
Ȼģν󳷾氲Ľ֣ץɳ֮ǲ֪Ϊʲôҹ統УȻĶ亹
۹Ѿ㾡һˡĻᣬʧ
һּۣӱ׺ݵ´һ˶ѣȻܽ۹Ƶ˵زҲҺҲֻôһ˶ѣ
ŵжѾó˻Ķ齻֯һ𣬷˻ҡǰˣҹǸѶȵжվٱײײѾ۳ǰѣҲѡҲ඼ᵹ·ߣʱлٴÿ˶־ɥƣ˭ΪʲôҪˡߵģµľٶһӻȥܡãǸС󽫸ģ
һͷߵĵһųľϣ䡣һ³ʿʽĺӣһӲҶλٽ۾ԴȻ˼һʵĵġҧĿǰһСһź󳷣ٽųȴͬԸ⳷˵ľʲôͦӣ׼ͼһһϺôЩգҲȻ顣
ûӣ
һľϣ͵һ񣺡£պòӣѸɻ¾ƣܲδɳˣǳΣգ
һţǰһԸһٱ飬ٷǳ⡭֧Ǿ׷ôǿ޵еĽЩڵһŵļҲǶȫޣȫް㹥ٶˣǾ÷Ϊ
ٽ¶ݺݵ˵꣬תȥһСˡ
һ̾򱱶
߸ߵ͵͵СɽϣȻžƺʹûļ
ֻҪһСʱֻҪӵ㣡Ȩڵڶ۹ˣΣҲҪγˣ
һ׼򡣾ڽδʱߵ⵱УͿ漸ں޶ĽϣͻȻðһСС⣡
ǰ棬ĺں棬˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱ򽫻˵˿ֱľ롣ɽӦĺУڵѾת£ڻӵĶը˻
ÿһڵųģҫ۵Ѫ⡣˵Ĳ֫ϱ۸߸߷𣬲ҽͬʱһڻϮ˵վȫסӵĶʱңȴ޴ܣֻҧݰըǻǰǵ޴ӱܣ޴أ
ԽԽܣսϣĻʡһ漣ûˣžȥըõѪͷĽһѾһƬհףֻһԺк죺ˣˣ
뼪һֱ߾벻һǧ״ĵطԶڱβпǰľڵըĻܼվȺÿһαըӰСһ߸·һֱ쵽ĩһ㡣ĩգǽģվģ
ڱβڵı˷ܵ㴷Ҵģ̫Ľˡʱİû˵ģǴվʱҲЩӴһ龫ǵĵ𣬽ֵ˵ֱľ롣䲼Ϊľй©ߣɱЩܲĲıҲˣæڡã¶ֻ̫Զ־ϣ˽Ƶġ
˭Ҳ֪ôͼжվˣһץסʱҲĴͳ˧
Զǰ׳۾ǻҹ˶ǲ᣿ϾǹӵģŶҲûаˣۣڳǰ˧ҵĻæˣϢˡʱһĹȥˣĿˣ
Զ¡¡кףڻϮСʱȫ

ʯŷǱڻӳһƬѪʣսÿ˵۾
ڿڿʿڿÿʿڿ
ҲڿҴӪʵưҲڿһӪͷȫڿ
йһĸٲƺأ
һվ棬ؿһժԼͷϾñģʹ죡СӣӷӦ죡
ˣȺˣһһļ磡
ڻУҲγԼʽСڻΪɺǰ߸ٵָչֳһΪӢļӰʤǰ


ڰʮ ׶ϣ
ڹԪһ˾ʮʮ賿ڼⳡǣϵδƵս£ڽеͷ
ʮڷڶԪɽׯ̨Բʮƽ½ˮ棬භءΪ֮ﲨΪ֮Ⱦ죡
վ·սڳʣսϣսɽǺݺײҲ·ݵУ󽢶ӸûҶ־Ұսû˳䣬䡭ׯ̨ҰսҰܡΨһ𺣶ʸ˵һɱƫʦ˳ʹӳ졣һӾϣȨڽݣܾվڶ⽻֮£Ȼ
磬һ˵Ĵ档
ʱϴϡڵǰ˵վڶ⵽·Ϯɽһϯת۾ʹ˵վߡҵվ޷֯һ˿һĵֿ֧ӣͬһͻׯ̨վսߣҳһŵվԺ󲻹ܣԾɺӶֱţׯƽ
Դʯţׯ̨ţׯΪڣ⬼һǧձڶ޴ӳ޴ء·ķƽǻҲսɫʱ棬·棬Һļȫʧȥ֯վٱǹеʶɽҰΧȫǹ·ȴͨ
ѾʧȥжϵʿǸ壬·ȥǱĽѾӲԽǣһ߲ϵĴӲûϯǵĶ飬һ߱Ϯţׯͼվ򣬳׼ݵ֧ȫ˶С֧ӣ޼ɵɱվм䣬ɱǣǡ֧ӣΪϡ
ʮ磬ͷһһѾ˦վܲȽţׯţׯֻһ˾ͱվҽԺֱڹٱ޵ֿҴҷ˲ʣŴɽҴߡǷһ־ʣǶµģǶѻɽձӺ֧սļҵףȫ˽սƷ
Ժ󣬷ӦҲ˴еСư˸վѾׯ̨ɹɺӣǽϵڵģˣ˵㻬ͷһ·ɫƣЧ֮ĶʱҲס֧һ֧ǳģԽѾվҵĺӻˣ
վҲǿ֧֯ӣţׯסȥ·Ľ֯Ĺƣζ顣ҹʱ򣬴ͻվдһ֯ȫٲܱҹ١еľͷɢͻΧͼ˻ؽ˳һɥʧվӣʹķ
һ˾վǶʮʮվʹ˼룬δΪ硢նս¶ġСӵ磬ûһ½û̬սѵȻձ˵൱ĲԿͣʵսǾӴһ֯ı壬ʧȥ֯Ӿ͵ͬɥʧսʱ򣬻û̬սһİԼŪֵزվͶܸʲô
ɽͷǹһվڼǰЩСӻ׷𱱣ŲһȴһѶѣһȺȺ̱ŢС꽫ÿ˶͸ʪһһšʣƵĵǣ˳ɵӣ˼ûˣɢҲģﲻסķ˵ľжˣֻﶶԽԽֱˮһľźȻˮС
ĹٱһӶӵɽҰİܱдЩʤͬǽƣȴ߰Ѹ͵׷ǵĽҲˣھһץ²һ߹齨վʹ͵ĿⳡսµʤߣǵĿļϣȻţׯزжȥ
²ĶԽԽ󣬴ǰһֱӵĻľͷ޾ҲơˮУһƲһ˫˫ųصĲȹȥ
⸱棬ͼ֤һҰĵĳʧܣ

ݣСӣǵ죡
Ĵڳôˣһ£Ųӣһܲⳡӡ
ţׯΨһĽֵ棬Ķǽٱͽ̵Ľ̶ֵ̤ﵽȫ񡣽ٵǵ¹ʽģһҪĽŸٸʱˮĽ
޵ĭһ߷ԸĻɽСӵľ˾ĶӽסǶ̺̿ӡģôûձǶϴθŴ˧ȥձϴȪʱձǶ걳Ǹᰡ
Ǻͱ·һӪǰŸϵţׯսһʼ·졣ͳķӦһⳡսµĹؼţׯ֮ͬһӪǲԽҵվƴƴϹ֧ӣǴվУһ·ɱģǧ˵ĳҲǼǹۣ롣ˣѾ͡ʿɵŸ첲ţׯн˷ܵȥʱֽ
ֻݣȻһ˿վǶο˱ͳƽɻٲӡŻվţׯнֵУԳ䵱ͨڣһӶӵĽѺŷ²½ϵֳͷǵפأǾָƣʼһɱæҹ굱УԲ䣬Ȼ˱ͦվҪ֪Ҳˣ
һ֧֧꣬Ĵԣݣ֧ӱֱļ
ﵽ˷ִؿһ£棬ֲžһĶǵѪսݿ䵭ɨһۣųЦ߹ôŵΪܵһġݶͲģ
ЦЦҿûô˹ʹսΣ
ݷɨһܣ²黹ԴԴϵĳӵŽ߼վ鵱еձپͿʼˡûһģݵͳƣ²ѾǧˣĻӿˣûȷͳƣǧϡɻʮģûͳˡƯ
ЦҪҲǲǾʹһͷײСˣ˵ǶҲôʱҲһ˧һһﷴӦɲ
ݼ̵Ļشһ䣺˧Ǵ˧
Цʼ򣺡ˣǰѻˡȻˣ͸ñűˣ̣˧̫֣ˣǿ
⣬ݱûнӻֻ˧ߣ˳µһʲѾɻȥˣ˳˧ָʾһǲ϶Խ˳ŷ׷
ֵһ֣ȥˣʵţ׼ŶȥĵıءҲûʲô¶ˣ˳ֵ֮׶ҵǴ٣ȥϺˣһˣݣҪһȥ
̸нͷһ־ϲˣˣôǸˣֵȫŷǲϽȽ˳ţһֵܰϣ
תͷͿһǱڽ鵱УһǹͷʽһǺſӣԱԲʲӵŽЭһǳһŵæľͳΨһʶá
ҲӦ죬֧Ӫͷ˸һҲϻϣȻҹ͵ţׯһ·ϻСնɽѵҪġǰʱ仹ɫʱѾ˳Գˣ¶˭һߣ󣬸ǰ;ޣս׶һҲƣ
꣬ǷΣѵһүԽҲ޴˵ȴ˧ڹսУü
һķһؽ£һҲδдڹڳڶʱҲֻһѹȻһڴ˹սϣֱһսɣĴ˧ٲүҵġ
ưôܣ֧ӹ˳бĹӪͷǸһˣ
ݺͳһۣЦЦ˵ʲôţЩѡվʱһ򷢰ɣҵط˯һȥ۸ҲûһǮ

ղӪԯ
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ĻУʮڿյԯŴӪ֮⣬׷ϽϰžС꽫׷͸ʪԵ˥ǲΧȫһɫÿôȰ죬ô죬ͷӶ
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ˣӱϾŴǣǧѹӷ²ץģֱ˴󹦣Ź˭Ͼȴһ䣺ûˣǾͷɺ˴꣬һԯ֮ǰ
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ȴԽɫԽľˮ³ǵĺ⣬ӹȴЩס΢΢ǶһŸ̲ס¶ϡһŤְǶ˦ڵϡǸͨһ˸£ţӹǵס˧˴󹦣Ҫʲôˣ͢Ҳֵģ
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һ˵üѣҲȫݡפ⣬Ե٣ӿࡣսŵУҲࡣ󣬶Գ͢Ĺȴһû³սĻȥ˴ҲͰˣҲԲȥĵֺԼģ
ʹǰ;ҲֹۡĴɽˣϵڸ·Щϵ˵ưûȣȥһ׷£ѾͶ˵ˣ͢Ϊ˸һҲֻ֣ܶ͢µֿ󡣵ԷԵ˼һ˽ͬʱһ֧֣ٱҲûˡ
ǶԳ͢Ĳ͢ȥɵģڸɵģɵģôûƨ۵飡統͸һֻԵڣԵĵ¶͢ԲǱ⣡
һ¾˼Ͼһε˼ĳĸһ˼¶ģΪӵܣһ·
Ǹʹɫʮ⣬һͨڵǿûʵţһſɤŶ
˧
˧Ǹɵľû¶˧𷣣
˧ǻ쵰³һҲãԼ
ﳶɤӺһѾðɿһǡ
Сӽ¶˹Ӳ٣ֽһӾԴ죬һѼҴʿһ·ɱҲùˣƤûһ顣żʮʲðҹɱѾ۵ù֣ſͷ̧ȸϻԯԶԶľƼһ˹ɽŶϸһֱ棬үͲһ
ļһﻹûǣǽѻˣҵƹŴ˧ûˣŴ˧׷ǻôģ
ȱˣŵĽ˻ͷ֪ްͳ죬ŵļзݣĻүԻëһ˵øʲôƵģɽŵǺɤŶŸϷصʱٺһĹ
ǶִʲҲժǹûһ֣ҲûǶȴ۾ȣҪңͳ˧ң
㵱үңšü۵ľҪȥĻһȣСӹ
˶ǶƼһڴ󲽴Ļ˳һæӭȥ˧ǴӮˣӷ²üǧ
ѹսΪʲôӮûбذ֮һһ䣬һ˿ϻŽľˮϣһεεĳʡ۾һӡһȴߵŵĶͷһžͳһȥСӴ򲻵ǣӴãԼģɵʲô飡
һߣ˭Ҳܲˡ
Լʲô񣬴еǰ۾ɥĵ֣˻쵰ǶսľˣҲûӣܲ͵飿
ߵÿһŶʵʵģٶߵˮ棬ȴ϶ϲɫ
ߵǰһһ£ӱľһȥˣӺ۸ӶСӶɥԼ룬ĩ·еͨʲôǶԣʲôǴֲڹˣ
ҧӲһţｫͿͷˣνˣ˧ͷӵЩӵָ·
һĬһ£Ѿࡣһ£һһţˣҲ̤ʵ
мĿһһ仰Ҳ˵һԼǵģȥˣ̫ǻǻؿ⣬ұǣû˸ҶȱȱеҪҪΪʲôܲ٣ΪٶǾŲģܶԸңҲǣ
һԽǸм㡣һû̲ǡȻҶˡһǣز˺ܴء¹һǲǲٰܲɣΪһ㣬浽Ǹʱվһߣô
춶촽˵һһ֣ȥ㽪һӹɺӣҴǽ˳ѹʰɾ̣ˣ


ڰʮ ׶У
ݳڣһƬ̾
ĳǳأڵվйսʱ򣬵ͰĳͷѾ䣬͹Ƶ¶˺ڶȱڡڶһֱڽйսǽҲȫûн޲ֻڽһվٶʿر
ʮʮҹվڽݳͷߴĻͷڻӳһƬĶǵѪɫ굱Уؽݵıվձٱɫס
صľҽڹ٣վԱಹеսۺ飬ʮϱʺһ߶ûȣԶվƬİϣͷĽ£²ǰս
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زæˣ˴״̬ȻæŸԵ飬ﻹƵģͰˣһǺε񣬺ε񽫣ô۹ĸȥһֻдܵ³
ⳡսµδΣҲǺףֻһͷ۵۹Ŭ¶Խһһأ
ҽʼ׼λȴԱվĴҲ׼ȷӸϽռǽͳҪ㹤£һжưô굱ж˸ܵü͸ʪģ浽涼һֱѴǿץǿ򣬸ϵ˳ǽȱڣʼʯһϵʼЩȱڡ
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СӣţûĴͷˣ
ܲ˵ӵڼǴ򲻼ǳԣҲ顣µùӰչļôͷԼĽͷ춹׷ͷж͵Ӷͷȫͻʮϱ׽飺ձССģйģǵľҪȥˣͨͨûС
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ٱٴ֧ҲŴӷ⽨תʱ䲻ͳδɳסһʼƾƾ費ľ˸õһܵ˲ɾһоͶԭΣ
˾ٴɽҲҹʱֽֽݵģͷҲ˲ٿͷһʼŢһ죬ˡ󽫸ŲһУ߲˾ʿ۹½֮һŽĽݳǡ
ǰ״һԲĽؾŵסŰɢľ˾ԱϹЩıлƵˣȴͦӲ
ϲ°ȫִݣ
ǻеڶŽΪؽ˳Ҫ򣡡
֯ľԱһпԶԱսڽ˳
Ǿ仰ӮӮ⣬򲻴ˡڶ֮ܵңȲϵһôɽش󽫵ĲӻڳʺһƴһһӲԾĴϲ͹̫ɣһɽҵڵڶвѾȵףʱսϾܺʹ󽫻ϵ϶ҪģҲ԰һ㣬ھϵ棬һܻ졣
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ıǰһҪԡЬѩ࣬ϵǡ
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ſһȣžͿһ˽СӾȻҲܳˡҲһǱͷȴǰø߸ߵģϺűмųʵľ
һԼȳղŻĲıٶʱȥٴȥ۹ôȲ˵϶˸ġɽ̿ľӪôãþЩسѹԳɾ档Ϊⳡս£һԸһ¥ûƼٲĶʧôڰܼϴҶûһȥձڲ͸ôˡ
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֮ڣһƬž֮󣬴ɽҲ̾˿ɳʹղһ磬ڶ͵ط˳ǵ̴ˡ
쵰¶ˣıֱӾձеİεûĳǹʲôûеҳֵļһ
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һһ˴ɽǰٵЩͻͻͻľǶšɽȴһƿ
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ٲϣϸź̺ӣҲһֱãǾҪ¹غ档Щӣˡ
Դ̫վһĵٲĻӦڶ׼Ͷĵ籨һعڣʱȻ󲨡֧ձһ֧ձ½ϣްս֮Ϲʾˣⳡս£еʧˡʱڵ˹ŭĽ㡣ʱľԶûһǸʱգʮǿơ
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һУɸ¾½ǰҵȲްٲĿ˾ͺð죬Դ̫ɼӱʮ
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ٲĻץһϸ׵ɳӣΣһʼЩ˾ڼͷˣû¡ʷɳһ㣬ֿܡȴ룬ΪԤϵһ֡ڿҲһΣ˥ǰΰѣʵξѾеֲˡЩɳֿܣѾȫˡδǵˣֽһĵȴ
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ٲûлشĻֻǷſ֣һһϸɳͲ֪ɵȥ
Ǹϣǳ׹ˣ

ʱٲĿУλ׹䣬ӵн䡰ʷıħʦһ졣˯˸ذ
ȫɺӣг̲ܿ졪ԽѾ׼ˣȻĵ·ֻҪһһѸ׷ٸҲҪֱ׷ݳ¡һߣԵĺȵţƤ񶼴ţСӺȷ磬ߵģǸ˵
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ʱ棬ΧŵĶ٣ĸʲǡ϶ɫǶŲҷһת˼˷ܸߺȴܽУ˱ÿɹꨡཻ䵽ϡСҲǶתأƼĿ⣬üëһͦүүȥǼӣǵڣ
ү˧㣬⸣Ҳ̲ţϢҪϽͨ¡ӽ󣬴˧ͽ廪ģ
ҲΪĴ˧ϢҪưСӼȴȥٱûǷݶˡ˵ǲǣ
үӴֵԺָӦأǶţвʱ
תһȦһҧһţҲˣ¶ԩ
һƿžͳ˽ȥһоϱ̺˵λƣʩ㰴Сֻ֣ž飬㰴ţҴӺ
һΣʱĴɤŶѡ
˧ǰرվɳʹݡ˳ڶвٳǶ


ڰʮ ׶£
ѩ׷ɶ£ĵһѩ춼δͣЪԭŢĵ·ѾᶳӲɽҰǰããһƬ
˴ѩҲΪⳡս̫ҡӢΪ˽ʷ׸ı׳һС飬ϣؽ԰ףͬⳡѩһ˼ŭҪƬµһкۼȫڸǣ
ݳ⣬ǧʿСųķֻһߴ֣վǧڵǰ棬ƽִѩƬ֯˷統УתսǧĲͬһƮչʾ۵ȫͽ
˶ڵȴڽݳſڴȻվɽҲ׼ͶʽپʿȻǣǡֻһˣյ׶ⳡսµһ
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Ҷڵŵһ棬һոµľͳµͷ󺹵ľһӣҲ֪ǴĶġһգգžӱVͷմͷƵġͳµһĶ񺮡֪˧ʤãҲõ̫˰ɣһ˶򺣶Ӯ׶Сν弾ʮһˣǴ˧ˣˣñȹȥҪˡ
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µ²ҽӻӴ˧̫˰ɣһڵء
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˶ס˺ǰǸߴ֣ǰֱһߣ棬ʹһͷѩУһһǣתͷޱĿ˶洹վ
꣡һѾ֪ĸžһһ۳һ꣡꣡꣡
޴ĺХҾѩƮȥ˷ԽһͷȫչƮнʯ֮
˯ȻӢ֮Ѫ֮£צ۾
ɽҳ̾һعң洫ľժͽǰһֱߵһǰһʼޱĿ⿴
ڽδʮѪجΣսԼСδҪƬϵĲڰ˺ΣӱܲˣҲ޷ӱܡǦɫϣӢ귭һֱĿҲǻ飬ĶʷУ˲̾ϢŸôһᡣβγأδĵ·μѣ۽Ǳ˵ģԼģѾҲ޴ͣ٣޴ӱܡ
ʷĸı䣬ʹ翪ʼ
Ԫһ˾ʮ¶ʮգձڶвǧˣٽ˳
ͬգձٲģţս¡ջӢ¡ȹͣŵ
Ϣٹ˧֮ġ

ˣפֱܱʵȱ򲹵ƺ֣Ӫ񴦣֣֣׾֣ɾ֣ţӢնפ¡
ŷѼںŲϵݵ꣬һˡǰЩǺԯǳ壬ţһϵ׶ֵϢһôһݵʱʧȥ˷ӦžǷ˷һӿǺ
һĵλҲ޿ɶҡߵһ˵úܡΣԼϵȱ˲ţҲôλͶЧ¶Ҳֻһλѡ˼ǳһģţ롣˼һģȴδûд֮ġ
⼸ʮȻǿάȥԽ͵תšǴҲǲ֪άҲάֲ˶ˡñ䣬ҲҪ䡣֮˭֪ô䣬أ
һǿƣƺͿһ·͢ȥʰûڣӪܴڳʾӪ漣δΣ˵úܡ
Դȥ󣬸ɫ˵Ⱦͻ̻̲աʱڹ֮ƺڿ塣ҪάϵֻбһĴȣŲ͢ˮĳԵ
ŷǺڶһۣǴЦ
ЦŰ֣˶ӣݡ˵Һٴذǡֲõģ˭Ҫʲôȥˣ
ǲһʤϢһֱֻȵ״̬˧˧ˣ˭뵽һܰСӴͶ˭ΪԱ˧ȴԴ˾ʤѸ£ؽȣ˱¡ˣ
գǾ˵ֻʱ鼤Ӿͺڽһ㣬ŷ¡
˧£Ѿ½ԼˡѵõΪεĵ޴ֵ˧үѡڡ
һЦտڣȴĻģĩ˷ⲻӣҲýˡӦ쾰Ǵ˧һһƴģ۾ģῴ
ڰڰ֣ٴ·ءһʤȻģҪ˶£ȴءȻͬһ棬Ǿֻһȥˡ
̸Ще治ĻŷִҴææĻرˣʢ
ʢλĿελŷݶϺŲ߽Ӽߵܡֻʢֱõģ֪ôˣʢһСζȴܾŷֱãڶ湧
رٶһۣԼͬ󲽵ľͳȥһſڣͿʢСñͥ˳һЦ֮£һҾء
һסĸ첲ݥ֮٣
˶̻ܲհˣʢЦŻش
Ҳץסһֻ첲ݥ֣ʱʲô˵
ģҵףٵ˲ŲʵġҪٴԣǲǸֵڸλó

ӮˣʹӮˣ
ڣһƬšӣķʡǶƺ֧סԴˣĴ
һơһд㣬Ӱ
ϴʤձ͵Ϣ;ǰǵȣú԰ڣȴһ㡣ѾûɵĴ̫࣬ϷҲˣҲˣֻתתȥӢҹȥմߡ
ȴû⣬ľͷһһǰ죬Ҳ˯
ʷдװף󳼵һֵزѾǹ£ˡҪǳ͢ʰҪ˲ܲ١ָܵǻǻָĸ
⡭⵽ôһ¶ֻ૵ʡ
ϣǵñ䷨ˣڳɷѾӦǧδ֣֮һʵǻʿ֮ģֻҪŬˢΣһҲֻֻԱ󣡡
ڹǰ͢ʽͷػ
ϣϴҲôаաһ䣬ģ
ϣųһΣһûô׿Ҫϣ˵ҲҪľӪꡣ꣬ĻᣡڳɷѾסˡһʲôӮõĹģҲϣʱ˼ʱֻҪ䣬ģڻߣǲˣ
䷨ô䣿Ķ䣿˭䣿Դʼջ̧
ʦ̷ͬѪ˫һıݣһļ£Ӿ֪Ұ֮Դб䷨֮£ʿ֮ģǹ֮
ܳɣʡ
βܣ͢ʽһһʱٲ¶
ϣȥ󼣬ʥλ£ֻΨһһˣѵ£ֻµǸʱȴûúɽϣʹӢҲ¶̫˼˵Ϸүȫֻ֧ϵģûʲôˡһϡţϿ̫󣡡
֧֣һ˵վͦͦüëȴֳɵʣģ
ſͻȻ˴ôģ
̫ú԰ߣǰӵӺյ˲áʱ򣬴ȴֻ̫๬Ůײã
üëýģĿŹͨһװְ֣Т¾Ȼ
߹ȥȻ̫ǰ𣺡ɵӣǱϾһˡҲָ㣬ָ˭¶㾡͢ʽأ˵ĻʵڻɣǾͱɡôţܽһȥúɽϵȥɣҲܣ
֮£˵ȻеǾ̷ͬԣһƷΣԲžߡ
ںһģͷҪǧأҪ͸ɵͷҲѧϰߣպ̸ÿֶͷ̷ͬޣ⹦øһˡüëļߣϣˣָˣǧһû³
˵̫ѾС
ɣѾ˹֧֡ǲ֪ΪʲôȻᣬĹˣֻһжôҰ·ûʹңͳ˹ѣֱ˶ѹô


ڰʮ 
Ϻִ̾ͷ
һڳˮ߸ɴĿˣ̾ջڵȺ´ʽŰľӣк´Ҳһ˵ĽСÿһ춯һγִĿˣܼһѺĿš׷аһͨȻ֣
ǽ죬кϴĵ嶼˺üˣϴդŻûд򿪡˿ҲûΧ۵Ȥһţ۷׷ף֪Ϊɶ£Ҳûк˿˷ɻȻΧۺչ˾Աľٶֿ̾ţդڵڽˮô˲֨ˡ
ȵþˣȻСϢ
ǽ⴬һ˲ڴϣڴһڵλүأ
λүôӣֿ̾Ǻţ̨үϴдͼźλүûִ
Ҳˣλү˭¸ˬ˵ˣƾһзֵҵģ
˧֪ɣλүǵ꺣˧ɽ֮ǰé®뵽ľʦ£ʱʣ̷̷ͬү뾩ţ׼չİȥģ
̷үǱϳŵôôȥˣ
ϸ磬ʱʲôʲô£ⳡͶܲͷս£˧ʲôӣִ͢ʲôӣڳ͢ҪŰ̷ү˴ţ͢Ѿ˵ҪٸǾ룬һԾΪԱ˧ղ
꺣˧̷үоŴ˽ֵܣһͷڵϡǴ԰壬ں˧ѾҪϷˣ̷ү˴ã־ڽʰҰеأǷ尡
壿ߺߺߡдԣ̷үͺ˧Ǹ۶壬Ӵֵһص߶ľš
۶壿ܰɣôһ¶
ʣҲ˵˵˵Űɡ
ͷӿӿ̾ϺͷĹͷҲǳʿӣüһáЩ˶̸ͥЦѧʦѧӣס̨ϺСЩʸӣ¹ڳվֵ̾ĹæŶ˲赹ˮѾת㲻ˣЩүǶӲʱĺǳ⼸䡣
˽̸ݣҲ벻̷ͬЩݣǹŽ̷ͬͱģվվҲմ˵֮Ȼǿָ㽭ɽҰ̸ͣãһԽĴˣָʹֵ̾ĹѾԽָʹùһ˴Ųˮĭ
ģź죬һСǮӶƲţΪôأЩᣬӹ깫˶
۷׷׵УͿһ˳ƺҪкʲôˡһ˵һΧȥֹڣ׻ڵʲôұڵŸ׳Уȥɣ
̷ͬʴʱһ·Ľ׷ˡ겻ʮ꣬ͱЩһֹһʱƤˡһһգѻƬζһ𣬸㽫Ѭһͷ˫ڣҲ֪ôӦЩһ
ҲѹЩһԣʵǳ̫͢ˡһ籨ϺϺص¼˾̷֮ͬױʵĵ֮ͣ⡣漴ǰűݽ̷ͬҪζѧϰߡдԣҪ̷ֶͬո֣
һĹٶѾþ춯ˣ̷ͬšһҲδת̷ͬʹһһԾ۹࣡
Ϻгûʱ򻹲Ͻͽλ¹̷ͬõʵʶĵĺ˧֣Σ˭ʱ򲻰ͽᣬʲôʱͽ᣿
ΧȺһ˫˫Ź۾ЦһƣϾᣬܲסү࣬ڿڣڸ˧дţǸҵһд꣬־;͵ˣλͣʢ顣
̷ͬڸһдţ۵ĻƵáԵ¾֪ĶϽÿЩһͳ͢һ΢еӵĶף̷ͬԴ˵ݣ͢һپһܿȻˮһĵĴ˧һǳ͢мһþǷǡеλĻ΢΢ڣǻҪģôĵ̷ͬһλ˧˳ô죿
Ͼ̷ͬȥǴλ˧
֣ͷȴǰ
ϺϺصеĵʱڵͷȲ裬һ໰˵Ǿһģ⵱ҲΪˡǴ˧ָ˼ҪϺ֮£رڹȫǷѲɳ̫ȵرϺ̨˵һ˾ϣ˵ʲôǴɴ͵ľͷˡ
߰˸ˣ̷ͬҪȥ˲šҾţʱ̷ͬȴڰͷһɫܱʼ顣
ֻʼӹֽɳɳĵ졣֪˶ã̷ͬд꣬ĸʣ֣ˣ
źĬĹ̷ͬŽõ籨ַˣϽݣһ˧ײ𣬿ȥذɡ
׼ҪȥվҲ̷ͬϺʱʮͷ꼶֮Ļлٳ飬˵̷֣ͬαطҪȥһţ죬Ҳˡ˧ûοأ
̷ͬһЦû˵ڽһѾЦдߣΪȡ˽飬ͷ֣ĻҲǴΪ֮أִ¡
һڹ㶫ּֿ죬ϸˣȴòɫڣĸɫ
һۣŭϺƲʥˣСˣ뺣˧ֵܣֲǳУֱϣͬ׷棬ֲ˵
˵ǿΪ㶫ϺˡǸšѧڹ㶫һȴЩʤڿ󣬸ҳԡ̷ͬʦڹ㶫ѾȥŶ̷ͬϺҲѧ׷档һǼеġϺҲ˼ƪ£رѧαʶһʱ˲Ŀ۾Ǻóߣ֮ģҲвߡ̷ͬȴЦ֮Ľˣ˵ˣΣƴƾ֣ϺҲй¡
̷ͬ˴αϣǹĶȵġ̷̬ͬȣģһʱ֮һһɱ֮ţʶ£ҪǶˣ²һ̬ȣ˻ΪһɵǵĴó͢ȡţʿӹģһҵ
ΪҲüëҪڡ̷ͬЦм䣺ͬˣʲô۵ģ
֣ųȥ֣ûʲôġϾǳ͢Ĵ˧ҶҺáŴ֣˴ȥţҲǸҴȥƳɰۣѧȫˣٲʲô̱͢˴һ㣬Ҳ鳼ʥλʲôģ봫־һſ͢ȻġȥҲûʲôֵ߸·ɡԼߵģ·ڹңҲҲˣ
˵úãΪվΪʥ̾ѧΪ̫ƽȫұϣһһӥȮд˲žߣãߣ绮ʱһҲȫֵ֮ˣ
̷ͬĬĬ꣬һ䣺ȥȥݣȥѣȻʥ飬Ϊ£Ƥңգ
һվǱ׳ɫ󲽵ľ˳ȥ
ǰģǰʤѩ̷ͬ
ϺϺصҲҾ̧ͣͷһۣȴǿЦ
Ԫһ˾ʮ¶ʮգ̷ͬӦٶ𣬹۱ϡ

ͬһգ˳
չ׵ҩѳĻƽɽ̨ϣѾһ¹ڣȻʯѵһȻ֮¹ڣΪлľͷ֮ϣĶǰľλʮе紵ᦶ԰ࡣ
󸣬̩ƽѫУأ󱦹չסϣŽ²ԺȣֹĲΡŲԶĽݣżǧձбܽΪ֮սΪ֮ѳļҹɽ
ٽǽľ٣վɽ£һһ˵ССӰɽȥʮŻڣѾװûеͷڵУʩš
Ѿ׼̸սѾˡ͢İúܿ죬һλѾ޿ֻм̫̫ΣһԶݺͳﶼᶽͷƷξгͣʹмӡ
һٽ˳ݷжưƽ˷²ʽعüδã顣
һҲȻɾٰƽˣ紬ֻ׼¡֮ǰΨһĵ飬Ϊսѳʿл
ΪʲôֻǴ˧һȥһ͵͵ͬš
ͬǶһģҲѹش𣺡أʲôʱ򿴹һ˵ģȥ
Ǹͷҡø˹ƵģʲôôһˣûȺӡưƷˡЩսֵģҲʹ˧һ˶ѣɣǻֳʲôЦ
羢һ°ڸ߸Ѿñ䡣ߵɽϣսĺۼ¹ڣԻһڵĴӣչһʯԷٵĵط
ˣĴӮˣ趯İ£һȻе㱡ͷƵʹֱɽؼ䣬ƺֻһ˶ѡ
λɭȻУ˫۾ϵĿ߹·Ҫߵĵ·
Ĺˣɽ󺣣С
һߵλǰ棬һĿ˹ȥͣ˵λǰ档;У˭Ҳ͵һ˶ӡҪǵǰȻڣĽ졣
֣û
һǸֳһ˿ǳǳЦݣλ
·Ҳһ롣·ȴ֪ǲŵˡ㣬˵ʵҪ˻ͻʹ壬ȡ֮Ҫңϵĸʬ׵ĳһΰ壬һԲõóδʮĥսʤδʮΪ׺ݵУ·Ҳؽߵף֪㡭ǣϿţ
Ҳһʧȥܶණѣø顣ľһϲС죬ʱˣϲŮϲ͵ϲǸʱգҾʱգѾΪңΣǵǰͣ½Ų
˴һٻʱ򣬾Ͳ֪ʲôʱˡȵҲþϹ̨ưʱټɡǸʱٸ㣬ʷʲôģ׸ıʲô
䣬˺ɽǴӮⳡ磡
һȻꡣ
£ĺɽ˵Ŀ⣬ССӰʮŻںȻ죬ֱ˵ĵס
һͷƾƺӢڷڣѾͣ˵Ĵѩ׷׶£ںºХ衣
ꡭˡһֱƵ׷Ʈڼѵ³һ仰
һļ磬лĻˡ


 ֮


һ һգϣ
ʮʮʮ
ľų·ſڣȻһ㣬Ķ;ƽǵĳӡЩݹ·վƣ»ѹñص˫ۼѾǾҪߵڣһһãСƹ˶Ūһⶼů͡
ſڣ˰ų緹ſ˰أ񸮵ģӵҵЩ˰磬һЬӣ̲ƤټӺƤñӣ治֪ŶǮôݶҵ˵Ҳͣ˵ҲӣͷϵͷҲ룬Ҫǲ˷ֵģղϺ⼸λү˵
ʮƳſڣϳƱ޶׳һţѺ;ƵСƹתλ˰үȥ緹û˰ͽ˹أҪ֪ҴӶڵءү磬үָҪ·վƣҪǴڹ۶Լ͵÷Ʊӹӣ
żλ˰ҡڵ߹Сƹæܹȥ밲һǧֹܵλү࣡Ÿү밲ôһˣеľģʮƣͣùؾصģү˭ҶһһʮĴ¨үһƣ֪׼û˰Ǯмλүһ⣬СҲǸȣүൣţȫСˣ
˵ȣӵݵҲȥСƹͺֱں棬š˰ӣҪЦЦıɫ˭ùأôСӾôۣÿζһ㵹˵˵Ĵүˬˣô⣬Ͳ֪Ǽ۶˴ǷưƲү˲ǣ
Сƹˣİ֣ʲôүָҲ𰡣үۻôˣаӶпڻң죬ҸүŶȥ
˰һЦҲСƹǮͭԪеƱԵеʳô
ϣڣר򲻳ۡأ˭趼ΪүǶúŪ˰Цשͷ߿ľҪȥҾƳСƹᶼˣæҵȴŻһͷˤûͷģϳĳʽŵֱǽ
ɿʱԶ죬ЩԱû¸ӵүǶ˰վס˽ųͿһƥҲƵĳ۹˴ʽľͶƵġ̫ѥϣҫ⡣
˰۾һĴȣģ
ľųǺЩүǶһ쵱εϹ·ǹȣżͷڲΪһֻܾʮӪүǶܵĻȴͦɹɫڵĻˣ
ӳʻܻŻЩ»ȥӵܣǵĴǾĳʱңɽҰˣйӵײУ˻ǵһοǹʹǸؽնø޳Ƶġ˭֪ӻ˷Ҫڽں֮شʬɽѪ춼©ˡҶ̾Ҫ꣡ҶУַھǮãЩͷǸָʲô
û룬СӾȻŻˣ
ͷ˰Ŵֱģģ¶磡Сӻţ
ѾǰһھҲŸԴĶѿȴԵüվڵ϶ѱֱһѽɻձʿվǶһɽһսѪˣ˶ȻһɭȻ֮˰һ̲סһ
ǣ϶һʶʲô磿ش˵϶һȭСӳԲסһүˣûŻܻżϽ㣡û˵ģпգԼ缸ѣ
ֵܴ˶϶ҲˣʲôΣʹʹھȥҵġϽ㡭
û뵽ȴҡҡͷҷ˴˧Ȱ¶ܻؼءȾƣȰ£еǹ򡣡
ʲôʹ˧
üëһʶľͰձѡһ±·Ҫһ˳ʳҲǸһתսʣڰݳׯ̨ɱȺӵеİս֮ʿˣһɱȻȻͳˡ˰Ͼ͸ܵʶľͰ
֣ɿ⣬ҡͷ¶ҳɣմǴ˧ƽƽģ㹻˵˰ɫŹ֣һ֪˵ʲôźáҲ뻺һգתͷǼſڵľƳдȺֵˣЦүأճô
Сƹûûģ˾͵ˡ۵һİ¶˵ꡣͷЩ˰˵¶ôҲǹ̵ۡģӣ̧̧֣ˡ˼ҲûϹأ
˰ӵ¶Խǲ֪ôģǰе顣ھǣûƤйСӰ˵ʲôãַ̧ˡžƳµµ·ŷǷţȾƵʱ֣ؼˣ
ȥ˰վǶ֮¶͵͵һ䣺㻹ˣŻܲٻ죬ţʲô³
ȻûЩ͵͵һţǷо󡣱ǻ뿪ʱһɵġϻЩˣݻЩݡףֽƷ죬Ѿɫ˳츮ŵķ˻ؽֳԵģүǶĽŲҲûбոһ֡
ôͲϰأ
ҡҡԴǹ˹صСƹȴү˹үǴģллүĴ£׼ѾƸү͵үСĸŶллȥ
һͷȥǱصĶլԺЩطɳҲЩط֪ΪʲôЩϤĳ;һ²Ҳơ
սϣֳԱѩǰͺ̡Ϊʲôһ仯ûУѵЩǼٵģ
ҡҡͷҲǴġǽˣϽæȥүòлһޣ뿪СƹŴͣ˧ˣ죬ǺӰ

ĶֱͬĻͬݣѾΪ˲Ŀ֮ء
ּͬεıͣʱԢͬݱǰķ͵ģڳ͢˸⣬Ȼ񲿵˾ԱǸɴཫ˳ȥƬǮ´æڳ䣬ͳ̷ͬ˵йݡ
ȻǶ̷ܵͬһ̷ͬΣͬս渧ִ󳼵ּ⡣׷ЩˣһڸΣڽ浱ѧϰߣаáһ˶ǧӣҺðװá
ȳϣĹϵЩˡΪֶ࣬սղ󳼣̷ͬӣҪһպ̸󵳴󳼣ûһ¹ӵġǵ۵Ը̻һ¡ճ˰ݿͣڻͬͣʫƻᶼ˺üˡ
˹ʹҲЩ˴˴ģ̷ͬϺ˲١򶨵ʹЩúԲԭ棬¿ˣЩߵǿӾ̷ۡͬ£ǲõ۵һƬ帧ģˣ
ȻձȫȨҪʮһͷ̷ܵͬĲįǿΪʦͽˣǷһЩԳզࡣھǻģ˭˼ӣûϣŷʲôʾʲôöͷڡҿ⸧̷ͬΰɡ
еΣҶţͬѾ˱ʱһȥͿſĶǽӣլĽηñϻӵĳ棬һѶѵǶ죬޷ǶĸլӳϢȽϺãλСǣλլˣϻ̫̫ץ˸
һ˲ĿЩݿϣ߳ηĹٶͣס˽Ų
һƬ춥Իͣ·ñӵУһʽβעĿĽ㣡
һ·Ѿɵ˲پǰˣһȺСӣڻƨɺ֣
ý׳ĺô˵·Ǵ˰ɣ
ǽĺŷûƼЩ˵ܰ죬Ҳ飬õģ
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⺺ӣǼߣϲ֪жˣƾûţڳʣɱòƣҲ񣬲֪졭ô̳ġҪȻⳡ֣
̷˲Ǻ˸۶ôôнǼһʲô⣿
˶ǶˣҪһ֡ûڣԼ׮Ӱ˩ס嵶ͳߡ˽Ų̲ʯ̨ϣֱð
ôһ̣ʱҲû½硣·ϣſʼе룬üĻˣٲǵǵһǴӮ˹սصĺӣ㲻̧Ҳие־ɣ
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ڸɫĿ⵱УߵſڣͳӵݸǶͶŷͼݣ鷳ͨһܶղŴ̷ˡ
ŷĽӹӣȴһ飬Ҳ̧ȶ
ͼݡ
ض֪أ
ǹأβáһǼ̷ͬ۹˽ûŰĵһ䷴ʣȻǶβżһ仰ˡ
Сҹܲţ˻Ϸү˭Ŷйزǣ
㲻̷˴ˣ
ţˮĴˣ˭Ǹ簡ǧû˲ǮԷĵ
˵񲿵С˾Ա˵Ա⡣ǰƢƴһð˵ˣүʲôǹأ֪Ϊʲôǲšüëŷһۣ󲽾ͳ塣ŷסֻгɤŶصأˣģס
һֱ嵽ţżŸӳɤŶͺ̷ˣ˧ţ̷ˣ˧ţ
Ҫøһһƣײײ˳ȥֵòɿһڶ溰ʲôҳײĵط
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ڱǴʱ̷ͬƷˣȴ۾ţ˵ǳүˣʱȴʶžһƽо񣺡̷ˣ˧ҪŰˣûǮֻӲ
̷ͬһۣû˵ŷ񲿵Сù٣Ӧŵ֮󶼳Ʋ̬ܲȿ֪΢ĩС˵ʲôʧӣֻг֣أһ꣬һԺһֵһ¸ɫ˵ȶǿͿֿҲϰߡһͷӣǴ峯Ʊүⱱǻĵ̶
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̷ͬһ߲ţһڵϺ֪ʲô˵Щˡ
վ̷ͬߵˣȻǿΪ̷ͬϣȻΪٺ̷ͬǲ˫̷ͬ͡ãȴֻǵһС顣ͷ֮£Щ˵ĹͷࡣȻһЩĴкã̷ͬⲻϲΣ۵ĴҲûϺֹ͡
̷ͬۿţҡҡͷһЦǶȺ򣬿Ϊȴ̲סˣţ˵ʲô
̷ͬЦ޷ʺף֮⣬˵ھǣֵܶ˶һı䷨ҿ֮󣬸ԳɾΡ
Ϊһİƣ˾Ȼ˼
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ȵľһȥɣ˧꣬ת۾⸱ˡҪǴ˧ԸӲŹأ
תȥΪһת˦̷֣ͬ󲽸˳ȥ̷֪ͬ⿵ϺҪʲôԣæĸȥۼÿΪһֱߵſڣıӰ󺰣תǴ˧ҪΪ֮͢Ѿߵغ֮з֮ģʲôٶҿϺһ֣ʰ
һ½ΧΧ۵Ҳסˡ֮Щ̷ͬǲŽһã
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ˣΪʲôѾ߸ĵˣΪʲôͻȻ˴ҡڵţǳȰ̷һղһƲϵһվ͵òأ͢ķΪʲô˵Ҫȱ䷨Ҫ𣿱䷨ǵԸһ򣬶ʲô䷨޷Ҫҵȱ±ǲ̰֮ջһĹϵտʼ䷨ƣҪҪ죬ʱҴӣ
ΪɫȻնԴϵĳ̧󼸺ˡ
̷ֻͬĬĬţתͷȥ
塭ֵܣѵľ߸Ե·ˣұΪǻһ·ġȻˣԼҲá


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һǳԵúãˣھֳԷǲּҵġȫһҪ͵±Ǯϲ˻ȣеͷһˮʲôġ
磬ھֵĴүڽϣ˵ϣ˿İʲôģүſ۴ӾҪүǶһ룬ʲôӣ
ǮȻ࣬ÿβܵʮˣ˭ںӣԷҪǮһʦֵһҲ֣ˣܶҵ˴ˣʮĶһͷţĸţ
£ھʢʱƤЩǮׯӣ濴ҿԺӣⶡֵŮʦһһѵģٻ˼ңŮҲҪŰ
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ʱչкͬͷھӣټм䡰ںңҲϲͷһ֡ʱֻˣͬĲӰھֵСӾŵʱ͵һǻҳĻҡ
𿴻Ѱˣ˭̴ķֵһͷڵϣɵĶǴҵ̷ѾʦδҪأ±Ԫ˧ںСɱʬɽѪ͢ҪͶͶӲӣһھүǶΪֵܵĴҵһݼҵ̣þ⣬ӵɢȻҲ˱ǣֻӦ˲Ļˡĸ˵򵥣˭˵ү˰˭˵үǶصĺúӣ
֦һ˻ھֵŻ˳һ㲻ͷӣһ˳»ŮʩȻѾҵŶϺӳµµһĸʲүôҲԸȥŮǶĻһ벻ЩϸǶʦֵܣȥϷһĻҲ˵ҲҲԸⱻָż˵ŮŰӹ»үҲ쵱Ľӣһ߶սʮ׳ģܵ
ѵһǣϵ򣬺û¶ҾǨˡһٽӲ⣬ӲԸܽӼãҾ͹ӰɡôϸǶһͷƽ
ʮھֵẺӾſڣʵӰæվд񣺡ү彡
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ϱլʱǻܲ۾ţֽЩСӸߣͷԳ»ʦ磬ŻȥȥС˷׳涼ˡ
»û𻰣壺үȥ¯ƿѹ׶Ƥ˶ˣǼʮүǶϼҴڵģ׹⻰ô˵š
һЦ⻰˵ʱҪһʱͲҪˣʲôʦֵʦүˣ˭Ҳһӹ겻ǣڣѾ͵ˣ
»ɬڣүǶš˯Ű˭֪ȥˣȻǻѵӣȴûӡүҪѷһȥϷͶˣͲܹˡǰЩл˼ڻˣ仰ǸҲµСӲȴȣ
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ͷ̲סԹ̷ͬˡ˾ǣ˻һΡ̷ͬҲûʲôǮˣ⾰Ҵ˶Ҫ壬ȴӻȥˡҲںǮǶѼΰүƣֵ˵˵ǴѧʵˣῪ⡣ЩͷӣʱͻȭˣֻܿԳԷ
Եʱ򣬾ſ죬̧ͷһͼһʽ꺺Ӽ۶Բ̺ƤӲܵñӣѥװһƾ֪һĽµȥ˽Ҳ·һ˵ƬĻ»Ƶˡ
Ž˺ͬʿͷ£̧һվڻſڵˡʹ񣺡ү˧˧£ñ¶ү˵ʵڶԲס˽˧Ϊүӷ磡

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һ֣ԭؾ²һĶڽˬɺԼĻʹʹɱӡûô˼˧ţҲǺõİ
һھļ٣Ҳ׼ھǺѺһذȴ޲ȥӡ
ģ̵ʱһӰȴӿ峯ǻЩ˵
һҪ塣棬һûʲô˼ͷ֪üѣӲϿڸʱֻʼոдһĵѾȻȥʣһ磬ҲҪӦˡ
һͷջҲøϽھ֡·Ͼʹ⣬ǶȥˣϽһ棬̧Ⱦߣ
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ˣүи³̰ɣΪʲôȥܵøһȻʲôȥش˧
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ϻֵܰһϣһڱҳȥˣڱֵô죿úõֵܣôأҲۣ
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ԭ廹ŻѣڱΪľ̷ͬһڣҲֻĬȻ
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Ҫ˵Ҳаûʲôصס顣үǶ࣬˳Ǯûʲôеţתۼ͸˳ƵĴľųǷзġ
߱ӲͬݣϺһϷģİԡʱǽ֪п俵ΪڵģϧúõıүҪһֵµ֪ͣʲôԻҩġ֮ܶϺʥ˿Ϊеһ߱ӣڶ˾ǵҪǶ˿ڿഫš԰̫ݵʱ˵ˣ϶֪ܵܵ¶
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Ȼˣûˣǳֱķ糱Ҳǰˡ˭֪ѾԶڡҪûе׶ģЩϢͿʼ緹ûԡ
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ϵܵܣʮ꣬Ҳ࡭ǣǽף¸ǾʣΪˣôͰͳȥأΪʲôϷүǰʹҲãҲãûϢҲã۸ǰ
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ʶĵܵܣ˵ֻѵ峯ҪꣿһҲˣһַ糱һȻɶƣ¾޼ңֻ𶥵ˣ

˼ҳһţ־֪˵ʲôźáĵ㣬¹ˣƽúܣ׾ĵĴʶͽ޷ˡ㣬ǧԼϵܵܲߣӦԼ㣬͵ûôܵܰɣңǻز
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ȥϷүȥĶҲȥĶǽҲֿȥҲڽסţҲǣһ¹ҲƵˣĶҲû¶СģĶҲȥţҵϢ
۾ɴˣҲҪȥĳĳ
СѾͷ۾Ҳɵòٴ󣬽ģһۡ꣬һԽԽǽҲŷҡֱϡ˭֪һǡЦ涼ˣֵһСþͷСöӶС˵ҪȥȻҲøš
ⲻֻСãϺᣬЦô
кźΰ࣬ý԰ӵ·ķһۡ
⾩һգ粻ء


 
ھʲôʹûľһյʱһĴӣѾִϺ
һ˵λᳵӣǽǣÿһɽҡضġ¾ǵҲһ
ڶɽսأѾͣ𣬻ƺ棬ӢɵԶִװͣһҲûмڶǸ͢ұŤ˼࿴ᣬáԼĸʲһӪʢִ̾Ϊһ뿪˳ʢϴٵϺ
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Ĵһ򣬲ǿ۽ʢԼʱͷĶǽۻֱƬһĸʲ˼뻹жࡣȻһŵݣǴһӢı͸ˡӢ۹ֽӵһʲôëУֽ˾źҪݷ˧üʣһҲӦԵ÷¶ƫƫ⼸Ѳ󽢣ˣ˵Ҫ˧һֱȥϺ
ȫһ棬˭ҲСӵĽӷ񾭣ʰһȻձݡ֪һ֮ձѾЩڼɢϽ˾һлڵıձٴȥëӸˣûһ񾭻ȫΪȥʲôġ
һʾˣѲ󽢣һ·ϻµľ룬Զӡȹġ˺ƺƵıӣϵһĶα任չղ۹ǿ󺣾ˡһֱӢΪΧ˭ֶɡµĶⶽƫƫʵڱԳϵģȵúúþһ¡ʲô̫顣
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һھ͵͵Сʹųµµ߰˸ʲ˰»Ǹʱ˵Ƭ綼ǣϱаڴͷС˽Уûϵó֪ƢҲûʲôȤȰҪ
Ȱˣһ
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⻰һ˵е飬Դӽ֮һĶⳡս档ǲϵӶдŹ˵ı֤ˣǵܶ϶͵һȴһҲûعǶŵ˷Ƣʿͳ˧Ů鳤ʲô诵ʩž飬ûһ˹˶ʮҪΪģãŮԹ֪žʩģҲǴСƢ˿ۣ»ȥָãϵˡ
µһ۾ѾʩҶԴô˧
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һ·ߣϵ˷ŵģˤӴģʲôСլſڸʲǾͲܸȥˡһһ˽լһž;ǰһһŮȹӳС޵øèƵġ
Ůˡôǳʩ˳ʩ˭׼ģģôһСϸϸȹںɹŰһŮװ
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˵ҲƵתҪߣߵʱֻͷһ۾·Ҫʳһ㣬СĸӺƵģҪǡҪСӦܺ˵ˡҷ
仰ʩСѾͷԼˣȹĶӡһΣЦҡͷؼôһ
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ͷҲһͷҲһһգװһƣɣģȡͬ飬˽ȥ

һʽɳϣŷְԣʶľչֳޱõߡž¾Сװڿһʲô顣һĽŲû
İӢСѾͷҲźСѾͷҲڵòǳһżһΣСѾͷѾԲ٣ƤëСһԸ޲࣬ȵһ̶ȡ
һͷҲ̧İӢҲҿֻ͵š˵ξжΡһк˵һЦݣ١Ǹһˡ
飬̧ͷͬҲЦ绨յӶһգ
飬ǽٻɡ


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Ѿһˣܸߵˣ˵ҲܸɣΪԼʲôӦʲôܼԦǳǱңеһУƿأһձˣûһӦ˵ġ
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ݺͷһ䣬һӣߣЩҪһֵµĵùһȥ

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ڳʾ˵ƼͷٲȻǶһϿףȥĶ⣬һؼҳɲɣĸģ
״ĿųҡͷǿԶһʿˡڵ¹ǽܲıġţ˾ǴЩ˴Ӯôΰһս¡Ǹ޷㡣
ٺһЦһҲ״Ķۣ־ȥ״ĵļһ߻ͷкȥУϿװǺôһڳʳݲ˵Ľ飬ôСһǧӣҲİٲҹˡ
״ĺеεĿĿеһͷӿһгϢȴƤһʿӦŮʿúģǸȥҵŮ
Ůˣ״ĻиϹŮһҲΪԼϹŮðױģаŮûױͼ޲ź˼Ƶģ׼ǳǸһ㡭һתƿ״ĵӥӣúһϿףͻȻе顭ǵġ
³״ȴһץסսѾˣǺ˵ͬҲڣҾǱʾ·а㲻죬ΪʲôҪǩĺͬѾǿûһ֧ſԱ⣬ǻҪ˭ս³ʿ˴ϣκһأ
ﵭһЦأϿװõòȻģǵ¹˼úءסƿ³״ҲӴ̽ͷֻǿͷӾúܣҪһ𰸲ɡ
ָָΧЦϿףİɣ˧ֻǼӶѣӡ̣òˣ˵ˣҲܽ⡭ǵµ˭ܣϵĳ죬أΧһУǴ˧ĵôƫƫҪһսô˾ǲǺܴ̼
״ɫһû˵ҲЦŰڰ֣תˡ˵꣬ͽ̸ô䡣
ΪԼǡ˹ıôӴһ۹״ڳĿĬȻ
״ĵŮӣÿôҲ˵Ǹӵ̫̫Ҳˮҡҡڰڵ·ϣͻȻҡҡͷ
ȥˣתŵģȴȫɵͷ

جΣجΣ
һɫ
棬ϯʢˮ½ϼڳʿйͷԴθڵˣʱȴҲԲȥ
ԭôһһţ
说󷢣ûһ꣬ɨ㽫ϳš£ӢİСѾͷüëӶȻ˼¡
լҲ֪һƢ˵оڼһ֣棬ɱϣլŮһ㡣ûаүɱ诵ĻԺöˡһ说ûаʩԮ֣ܵžʩһίһӽžͳʩԺӣʱͼɹѾͷôĵסšžʩҲñţôƵÿ
ŶСѾͷŴſǻ𻰣үΪˣ´ΣС㲻֪Ҫͷ̳ʲôءֲڼҡ
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·ϵִ㣬4P룬ôּƻвõƣȫΪӰһֻлĵ鷿ʰ̣ľ崲ڳʴ̣˯˵ĸ˿о
˷ҲֻһܳԷѾͷӰźˣϽԶԶġһҶôԴϴ诰˼ھ֮һЩһҳЩ˷
硭ٵģһݺҧһںΡ⺣ΣģǵزƷʿɱȡ
ġٵģһùɲˣϺųһùɲֵһģҲֻСŵҲŸҿֻʳ
˳ٵģһмȱϺҲܷУԭ籱̫ˡͼɽݲġ˵ݼųƸ£ҲǴൽڵһˤ룬ֲѪϷٵСˣԲ
ٵģٵģٵģ
˰ҵ˳ˣ⡭˵ҲλƷ
һ㷹̱ǩϺеʪ䣬ӵҲ֪˭ϸģ˶ԶƤȶ䣬ƤëѡϺƤĵ֮ģƤͳӣмѹġһ۸񶼲ʡ
뵽Ĵһ̲סҪ档
ͣ˴̾ԼְݲһҸʱһҪſǻһƤ΢̧һۣδ˵Ǵһãͺʵζſڶŵü
ʲô飿լ¶Сȥ˵ûá
æһǧǵһɶžʩʱ͸ŵϼˣүĻʢƹΪ˺ؽݡ
һ͵һ´ʱصլôãûĴ֣˵լĴܼң
үҲѣ˽лլ˰ģҲҪˡ
Դʢ˼ӣҪֵʣѾ϶ʢرλүӣк弾ܻıЩܻ磬弾ʷУҲ˷ǳҪĽɫ
ǣһûҪܻءҲֻңܳ¡
һѾû˰㲻ɫŷתȦͻȻʵ¹ܼأ
һԴ԰û¹ܼҰ
һһ̧֣ͷһЦ·鷿үӣҵĻҪźˣҽҪүǵһΣ


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ѲŴ棬ŴӽǸϹĴСٶǡ
ǰܶһƨƵķɿȥҲԸһ档һ£壬һ¶֪ǣŶ鷳顣ٸߣܲ򽻵Ͳ򽻵ܴߵ󰲲ţ߽һٳ·ϻģһһɾڽһôɢʣµĵùһسԪһ˶һƵģһ¾ͼӱ̻̲ˣҥԸǷһֵ׿һ˵Ĵ飬жҪ尡ͳ͢ǵ¶е֪еľĸɴͲ֪Щһ֪ǮԷС檡һͳ͢˭Բ˭⣬شƨɣ
Ҫ˴ҷ룬ǾͿǴ¶·µŵġͻȻ֮䣬ͽǾˮˮѲةͻȻɣ˵Ҫ뽭Ĵһôƾ³̣ȻҲ֪λة«ʲôҩɶžƵģҲƵĴϹˣ˽ǸӵʵȱٶӵίԱձأܹ
ǺѲŴ֮ڣھһĹٳμǡ
˳ĹٶӶǴģô̻󣬶̫ܵүӡ˵ˣܵıʵȱүǶ˭ûӦǵ໹Ǹذ࣬һƽģĴȫϰָһһ̡»ȵýˣĲסСѲװװ裬˵ʣΧСģ仰岻ȥ
˵λµƾҪԣҲܶԲ˰ɣôٶӦû֪İɣ
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ϸ˺üֵģȫȱӦᣬǿɺҪةžǴñģ޽ʵڲУүؾǴ˾ȥ»û˵ĵطˣ£ǲ˵
̫ү۷ΧĺСȴһüĻ࿴šЩСӶиص㣬࣬ĶࡣʡǸùһĻЩطȴϰӣǶأҲǵٵĲķЩڵطþˣĺ͵طʿˮ齻ˣʲô鶼ѹ鷳ҲϹҡЩӦҲأȻһ궼мӵĺôиеʡǻ˾ùţЩϹһβҪĸգԼģ̫̫ģĸģڤ٣ʱ͵˹С֮Сϲ¶ڡӭָضǮˮף鱣׵ίԱʱ䶼Ӧˡʮ϶пգ̻߱˲ʹϾͰĺܲ
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ֵѰȥˣԼ˿ڼĿգҪǳ˲ʹ콻ôóֻһӡǰƣ֪أ
ϸǺˣֵëʮĿգҲûôȱϣϵöƾҪʹϲˣ޷һӹϵôˣ
·ŰŰٰѸñ˲ˣλƾ˼ӵʿǽʳźϹСôɨǣ
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۷׷ףʱ򡣾Ѳһة
æ̲裬ҷ׷׵վƷվࡣ䣬Ϳ»һװųЦ߳ͳð׾ţԭͷķ˪˵øɾһиϹٵࡣеȱ̫үǷ׷ҾСһľ͸Ͻͥ񣬵طֶ࣬㣬ҵòɿһ֪ˣ̫أͰˣͥδ濩֨һŰĭ;˹ȥ
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λڰɣֵλϸ羡עͺˡطּĽλϸֵһݶһ·ã
弾ٳأϹپǵ衣»һҷ׷ժ´ñӸš㿴ңҿ㣬Ҷӵ˼ȴһʱ֪˵ʲôźáһڲźãҲ̫үڣ¹źةǸõģ˭֪ةЩģŽҪѵǵʾةʲôԸ¹Ƕţ˵û˵첻˵ģҲøة쵽
»һЦӣϸ̫˰ɣĳ˽λǻ˹أǳ͢ķԸֵܲôͷҲȦôһȺӢᣬ˵ˣΪλƾ
仰˵ٵĿˣôԶܹǾΪ»˵仰Ϣͨһģ˭֪»һڳʾԩҶͷ͢Ե޹ʵط֮䣬ȨֱǳĹʡ˵ܶҪܾѲҪ񣬿ѲҲиܶҲܲι١ٵ˼Ҫõطǣơ弾Щ֮꣬Ȩ𻮷Ҳ˵Լ׳ɵĬ
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һͷȣͷľͺ˳¹һȫƾةķԸة򶫣Ǿ
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ЦݽһָѲŴѾһ¶ü˶ס˺©һ֡
͢ʿĹأǰɷǿҶõģ֮أǳ͢еطʿΣҺ󣬲ôͻָԪط𣬶еƽҺ滴ˣ˴þ棬ᶯõģֵܵӣҲΪ˧룬ƽˣֵܻ߸没뿪ȱһ¶˴˧£λϸ磬ȥ󣬾£ʲô鷳飬ֵң
˵˳㣬ڳٶǻʲô׵ģ͢޷Ǿǽʿɷһֽţڳʻ߶Щطһ˵͸ˡ͢ҲǿյģҪ˵»ˣҲƲɽططͳȨأκʿ֧Ǵ粽Се̫ƽҺ滴ʿ¼ЩоǽΪǷһ㣬ӵܳõġν࣬Ӷ࣬ػӡ¿Ӷǽнг¿ӲǿȫĴ󸻺̨ΪЩ滴ʿڣӵܲݾ;˵̨ų˰ڸٶһӦţٽһ壬һβƵ滴ˣӦе󡣳͢طȨƲһˣӲ֮أʿ͹һĥӲس붼滴һ˼ɳ͢Ҫ˼Щطʵء˵һϷͺһְɡةظô¶أ
Ϊ˷룬ƴ˰ɣ
һս飬׷վ񣺡¹ٵȶлةӦ¹ʲô¶һΨةհ
»΢΢Цţֵֻĵͷ֪Ϊʲô۽ͻȻһ鲻Խȥڶ֣ͶԸһô

۽Ĳֻ»һˣƽүҲİסԼۣЦƣ֣λ˧ͷ۾ûڣ´󻤷ͷã
´£һСñɫںүӱʲôʱ϶ûʲô顣լ˵岻뿪һ£ֻˡլ˶֪屾¸ߣֵӲ˵ȹ˧լ氲飬ԽҲ׷һʸҪҪǸġ诶žʩĸǰٹûСûʱ򣬾;ĵĻԼСԺӲ
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үȻǸƵϺģ컹ûѾƤˡ·Ĵүֱһ鷿үеúܣһ鷿֧СһΧ飬ûгסӡ
һҲ֪ǲǿ˵鷿棬СʱҲûӰ鷿һֱֱүһ仰Ŵ˿ݵȵա
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ʱǿһЦһ˿ɬı麱ĳϣĲȥˣүӣҾ壬Һμҡûйϵˡ
޷ǾǵǼԼ񣬴㹦̫ߣ˼λãڼҸַһܵ绹ϱ˾ˣ棬һ²Ҳزסȵһ̳Ĵʦ磬泯Ǵֱ£ĳӦýŻᱨøɾˡڸһеƷ٣ӽֿ԰ϣ̸˭ܵһ鷳ɣǹɲǳصģ
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Ҳʣһ浱ͷǶˣҪμҾ󣿡үһյͣ岻ĵʡ
һ͵תͷүӣн죬޷ָΪʲôֲȵıز񣬷ҪЩȭģԿأҲүôҪȥΪʲôҪڽȴҪϺѵǵ׷ү쾩ͻΧǳجΣûѹ
үɫĿ壬һֻ֣΢΢ţ˵ʲôȴһʱ˵ŵ̾һ´󻤷ҽͱˣұ㣬ҲڱԼأΪʲôͲһһ˲áû˵һҹ˷һж޵ĺޡͷӿҲԶʮһǰ쾩䣡
ﱻըһڣӪһȺһӿôҲסǷˣȴˡôֵܽãɱ˸ɸɾ׷үͻΧѪѾû˽ŲӣСŮڵǸŮݣһݽãȻʣһˣ̣ҲͰˣɱҲɱˣΪʲôҪʬǸӣСŮֻо꣡үҧݲҿȴڷģһ죬ֻҪҪ˵ͷһֱеĻôβجΣҪͬûѪˮһΣ
ү鷿ƺҲʱ򣬺ƽүﻹкһʱǸݵӣ
ıºȣȻĵһ
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һŵһǰҲбżĳţʱȴؾصĹڵϣϵүӾ衣
үҲ󣬲һҪǼˣƾ͸ò룬үһٲȻɫ׵ĺҲúһ˿ô˳ûаĻ
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仰һΧвϳɵľ̲סЦͷúһһ󺰣ϣסڣ
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үӰһɣţҲûа㴿Т˼ТңôôĶ
ҲһоװģϥĻڳ˺ĵϥǾͣӹҪôʲôİɡ·ȶãԺ󱳺һһȳһյĶӣҵҪҪˣ
үʵûӣҡһͷͶĿеˣҲӳˡսʱϺӪͷҲںڷˮףˮñɽߣվסţǵСʱҲ´ףһ͵Ƕ
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ԼҳΪʲôǸ룿ԼҲƵԺߵһУԼֱһ
үӻ߶ֻԼȴԽԽԶʮˣҲɼңμȻͰѴ°ˣǳҵģҲҾˡ
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ЦʲôΣҪʲôҲһϸĿءڣԶӵθڡŶȥɣҲ͵ڹȥķϡ
ĹүӿͷΧ˶ϵɫ˵þֹеסˣѻȸʱϣȻ겻ļڽЦݣں棬һΪĶǲǸоó
ͷһЦĿɿڴүӣתߣſȴͷЦӴûҪĹٶˣߵ󣬷ֶ׷ⳡҲ˵ʱ򣬾ͻգҸҾ͸ʱӻɫСأô
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һ˦ӣתͷͽڷ˱ȥֻһӻƵ⡭ôһ

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үӵһЦ޵ǳûֻ᲻
һƲƲ죺Ҳ˵̬ȣ
һǰ󣬴𵶵ĺͺƽȻߡһˣЦүӣֻ˵㵱һעµòô˵ҲǴܶһԶų¯ģһĻһڿеˣȻҪλֲ֮飬м´󻤷Ļ֮ҲλĴɣܸʲôҪλƽȲǣ˵ǲ
үӶĿһ֮һЦ˷ɲģһˣ͸Һ뽲ǮͷӴһʼûˡʱ򣬵ȷֻˣͷҲֻһ仰˽յλѾ˳壬һУҲǳ͢ġڡˣ֮أƿɣ
˸ֺͷƽƽ˵һͲɫšֻƳƽȵĺ֪ıء
֮һһЦصúأҪЩӣǵҪ̲ɣüȣǵĳȣʲô
ʱɫҳʿ״νúܡԼһ·ǰһһߣһǷֲҵϺ꣬ëˡúܡװӣ˷ʱ䡣
ͷҲЦʹ˵ʡʾһ壬ش˧ĻֱɽϾӪѾʮꡣ䣬ǰڴ±ɢ󣬵ʱǰͶಿӸ֮طչĴƣʮڱѾǸٹ̣ӵܣһӦߡ±ؿ˵ȭׯׯ̳˧֮񣬶Աб޳Ī֮Сһ£̼ʮӵܽڱغӦ˧棡ţ̱Ϊ˧򿪣
ⷬ秵ģҲ֪˽ٴˣһֳ˵ꡣ̧ͷĿ⾼Ŀһ
һԴ˵ʵڵģĩܻ˽ڱʵš̿˵ǹȺԷİ˶ܾеһֱ̳ɽϼȫɫ־ӪûмʮĽ󣬾Բֵܵزֻʲôչֵȴȫûϵˡ
ŵúܡүӣ׼ʲôҵ
ƹɬһЦͷڻʲôҲֻʣǮˡʢʮ꾭ӪɵйеţͷƼóǧҲ֡Ǯúܣ͵˧ˡͷ޹ʵģǮҲײġ˧ܸ˭
˵꣬һ°ͣţʮıӦǧļҵǲķóЩҪʲô
˵ˣѾͨһ£˧һݣ
һÿɷĵͷתͷЦʺƽүӣأ
ƽֻǳĬ촽үӵеʮһǰǸѪҹǸ׳󽫶췢²֣ݱѾꡣɱʮսȴɴԩꡣ粻ܽǾζԵղеԩꣿͷΪ뿴ǵˣʮһǰʿǣˣͷӰ󣡡
ͨһүԲݣعȥ׷ԲԵԴصڵϣһž淢ģѹʮһĿ
⣬ǵΣ
һ棬Źµˡɫȴƽ˼
죬ƺڻζ˸ղŵĻֱܣôֱ׵ͶһҲ֡Ϊڳܵ˵λȫ¶ڿһһȻǳȷ㹻ҡµҰĵģ뱨ģڴƵǸloserġиһ˼ģȻᳯۡĻЩҰ֮ʿøϼƵġ
еܽ裬еܽ衣
ϧǵΣҵβһ˵Ҳף粻˵žС
ˣͺƽһ̧ͷһɫȴ񾲵ø˯Ƶģҡҡ֣үӣһ㡣´󻤷;һɢ͵͵ҽҲߣǲɢѡңһǾˣʶ֮أĻǴƺı˿һĶǹȥǧ桭λʱһˣ
˵꣬վ½󣬵ͷߡֻ˴Ĺ
֪˶ã૵ʣүӣ⡭
ƽȴֻǳһ뿪ķתͷʱѾ˵գһƫִ˵ƫִô꣬ûһջ뱻飬ƫִʲôֻʱһû뵽
һˣһ˿ԽأѾʼˣԽ˽ɽģֹһһ˶ѣ
ʱһڳ鷿ת˸䣬ӾԴײǧǧòòҪȥ


 Σ꣩
ĹٳйصġһųһҪһ·۳Ͷ٣뱧ֱŲӹ࣬ϯ͵ϯµһүǶһͷ󺹣ҲΧźصȹߣǶͬڻ¯һԭƷǶ
˭˭˵ʲôʲô飬һ׹أȫðǧܴ˰㣬һǸ˶ᳰЦһ䣬ٶ㶼ᣬСӻܸʲô
ΪֱϺе֮һϺصŵ˧Ľӷϯ˵ٶĶԸμӣǻűһ̫ҪͶô֣ǾͲ˵ˣȫװñӣôҲʮķҰչأڣͷ϶ŸñӳԷĿദ֪
ΧҲɲˣһȫ˧ٱ˶ҪȻٱ˧ſӣһʼȣҲøϽתӭŴ˧һӻҽǳ¶е˶ȵ˶Ϊ֧һݶ㳭ˡ
ܶӷϯҲͳιؽϸܵĵԺγɵĹٳˣֻҪɳܶƣ岻̨͵Ϯȥ˵ĩٳÿŷӡʱǶٷΪ֪꣬ŵĴִˣеõ۾ȥѿسϰ꣬طӡϯжѿˣҲȻÿʹӣ˶ʷˣ治֪Цûá˹
ϯֱϯڸطеϲ̨档Ϻûεúõĳӡһ磬˰ĴǮϵĲȲǵζ͸ɴġҲԲŶһǶһӲܳԵװģĶ˱ӾٿӣϷϷȫ꣬һʱӱҪӵ㣡
ܶӷ磬Ͳ齡ϺĹٶʵȱ򲹣޷Ѿ˳̬طǷһ·ĳôȥ˵ġԷʱһʱ䶼ź³̡ӵܹ񫣬Ϸ֪
ˣϺٳȫһ没ĶûСϺٳһҲǵ裬´˧ɱ̫ټӱ洫λ˧Ķ¼Ҳ׹ֵ°ͽʹ涼ûףȫҪϹ˧ƢͷҲСĹٶţ滯һˣűľ׼ӵΪӷƴ˵ġȴû룬һ˧ȴû
֮ϣֻڡǡղӼżšǾֳ棬˿ձӺȾƣÿȥпݵֻǺЦϺϺصη⼸λλǴ۵Сۣһʼ߲̾ȥˣǺãȴΣһȱϯٳ̬ȿ֪֪λ˧ٳʲôֶΡٳǻ̧ˣϹٹȻõź򣬿⵱ôٳӣȴҲͷأ
Ͼ糾͸ηٸǶֱۣ뷢үǶƢǿţƱﱻÿ֨֨죬ϲ֪񫷸˻úˣ̵̱ġ
ڣϯϵǺղҲܣԲʹĹγһĻİղҲⲹֻּѾע֮˻ûֳ档
ǻסһЩֻǲ˵ղȴܵŤŤȥһԺ󣬳¾£ʲôһֻҪװ׻رҪĵ׺Ӷǵ˽Դչȭŵ˼ʱֻоòõġȴҪƵôĵطӵ㣡
Ƶ˼ǺղӶһۣ۾˼סʱе̲סˡǶûôأҪһͼһž÷һ߳һ߰飬ʲôнֹСֹأٻصڣȴĿ͵ֽŶ޷չҲƣ
ʮԱϴɫͬһģӿ̳ġ
˧˼ΪŵˣôҲܴĦˡԴ˧֮ţټѹʣһսܲƶѾ͵üһʯĻͻʹ£
εҲ֪˶ãһԣΧҲͶǴľһţеÿ졣һʮ֪ӣҲ֪ϺɵʲôʹӣݱգϺףϾһ̻ҡ֪λһ˵Ҳóܵĸٸࡣ֮ǰݵĹЧѹﲻסȭȣʹǷٲһĳʡΧͬͱע⣬ͷȴѾ鵽˼һͱ͵һˤϴ̨ͻȻŵöתͷһͿͷڵϳ飬ñӵĹһ߶ȥ
Ϻһ˦ӣɺͳŴ˷ȥñҲŴ˷̵ˣ˭źģҲûۣ
źæҵıͷӣȥҹĴñӡڵƵһţ
˶ͣĶתĿȥڡͼɫǻʱһµͷЦλŴǰɣ
ͷˣڷʣŴǧ񣺡¡¹Ϻ׾֪ܰŹμˣ¹̵Сʵڲͳˡ
ЦЦģǱҴء
һ仰һڳĴСٶǵһͷٻ࿴춥ӶǰӻģҴ粻ҪЦ硣
Źͷӻû𻰣Цп񫣿
¹١¹ٲżŪʵû񫣬˼Цˡ
ζƮˣһԪŰŴ˺úںǺֱЦ͵ɫһࣺ˶ˣɷ׼ٵĳˣñҲüˣȥΣ
ӷϯһһݶ㲻ϲεôһСһѵҪٳҸתŸԵͷٿŹͷ˶˵ϡηȴ͵һվӵӶ죬ûָڡ
ԣʲôö˴̨ˣæĵһͶĹ֮ͱøɸɾʲôʸ׿ͣӼǾֳ̣ӻƲۣӡȴŶţӻرȥɣڽ޽˾ʵڲУǱǼô˲ٵġͲԺòϵĶ
˴үʹ꣬Ϻ͹صӣһ˦ֵͷߡһؽ֪ذ˹ļվ֪óȥٿЦڣֿһ¡ѣ״үûۣԼҲǾӳ̣˧Ͷ⡭Ǻã
Ϻص̨һûסһۣµֻǰ˽Ѿһ̲ŹϳȥͷѾŵȫˣֻ̱ǿ°ĭе̡
Ϻֹ̨˼һģ˰鳣һ˼޷Ǿɽ𻢣ܲٳһߣð˽ˡ˭֪ٳŪֻҪߣһܽôʲôֶΣةݣǰģٶɲǹˣˣ˴үɾͳɣ
ֳҲֻвݲݽҾõĸ˳ҲƵ뿪طղͬһ͵ϺǰŵĹ齡;һֱĬǽס¿ֻмǵĽʿó뿪ǰԣһ˧˻˧ٳɲһʼȴݾߵģ
Ŀأɫʣ۾ȴȲǵĻղӣʣҲô룿
ղҡҡͷҲ˧ҵĵӹˣûܣҲûʸܡ
һЦǸʵˡٴʹʶһı±ǲΪʱĳȴѾǼΪˣܹ׵ҲôһٳľѣٴעǴ˧ĻһˣôҲ˵ġ
һ仰˵õһС˼ȴһڵ¾ɫһ졣ȴ֪˵ʲôá
һ仰һ£Ϳ̽ණ˧ҲΪĻ£еȴҲҪڴ˧ǰͷҽⷢ޷ǿӦϺٳ֪һ̫үη˶¡»ߵ˧ǰͷٳʲôֶӦ˧ȺЩ˼ĴСٶǶ˼飬ô˧ֱӲ˼̫Ȥˣչ£
ʯ֮ĳ˧˸ǰվٳĿѾ˧ˣȻô۾˵ʲôٴʣǶǺʹ˧֣ĳ˳ͶҲֻܱЧЩ
ʲôĿ
еһľʣȴһסʣƺвԸֹٳǰʾ˼ȴǸʣǿǱһʶ΢ĩǰ;ͺһһˣǰڣıʲôأ
Լһγ¡ղӵ۾ܿĵطϹ̴ѡ
Σʲô

֣ô˯
һǴĹٻ̷֪ͬǿΪЩӣΪļ̷ͬһ飬£ˣıߣ飬Ϊƽɫ
̷ͬ·ͥһЦ˯š
ɴߣҪоұ֮һΪ˶ء
Ϊֺĵ֮⣬ڰҲԼΪ֮һ
̷ͬʧһЦûж˵ʲôֻǵͷԼ¾ɫ¹͸֦ͩӰ£һʵˮ
룬ǲǺֵԽԽԶˣʱƺŷԼʲôΣúܣҲҡȥֵʲôΣȴδʹֵܣȻһνĵĻᶼûС̫Ըֵ̫
֮Σ޷ٻרǧ£Ī⣡ʲôòµģΪ촽һ֣ʹУ£;ֺð죬ٲһ޷۳ֵܾͿɵΣˢ³٣ȴ֮أұΪǷᣬ޷б޵ѡһʱλƾëɪд£ΪצȡצҲֻ;һֻΪã¾¾ü֡ǿйһ½ߣΪıŷһ޶ɣ򣬸ѵ˺
̷ͬЩãȻֵܵǽǣ
ΪתһѰסļ򣺡֣أᣬѵִţֱ治ô
ĭӣ絽̷ͬϡ̷ͬȴɫȻ˿Ϊ֣Ϻˣ˯ɡ˯ɡٿٿЩŷȥֵܾĶ˰
̷ͬɪıӰԶΪǶβŵ͵ͺһǳɴ֮

򣬴ͷ
̾Ͽͷǰ棬յƽϿ͵ͷյͬ硣ͼԱͳյϱ̣ͷϴϢкϿ¿͵򳵷ɤŶǹ˵ѡһӢ̫Ź˾ҹʱҲͷָ˼֡Ľ̤й۵İӢ̫Ź¿͵ĴŭЩռ´ĺһƬһеһУͷķʢһ㡣
Ψһͬľǣ˶ôɫҴңĿⶼ̲סһطͶȥˣͣ½ŲȻҲγһ˶ѡ
˶֮УһģһСŮӡʮͣĿǰĴִ֮ѩΧһжʧȥɫ
𡭡ִ
ߵСŮЩˣҿϸģСŮľš
áô󣡱ûû
ұߵСŮҲòȥСұա
СѾͷţϿţʳ̺ױϻ֮ĶҲĻ󡣿ЩͷӦһź˵СѾߡԽû˭õǣõǣ
ͷûл죬ͷĻүǶҲ١Խûʵ˼һȻүǶǰɧţΧЩɫ첻۵ģͱϹȥ᣺ʲôһ۶㸣ˣô
һʽĽƤҲƵĸͷçײ˺ˡһϳʽźñܵĴñ¡Ҿ͸Ͻÿ˼ʶ㣬˭֪ǽүǶͷĻҲ죬æ忪Ⱥ𿪣ֲϰСģүǶ£ã
ϵĽɫȻͷĴ󺹡òɿλϽ㣬ŮнϿ죬Ҳ졣˾ĺ͵ܵһȥ֪ҪȥϷүеù˾ˡ¾ţһԼͣΰһϷүһʵ۸ӡֻƬ̲Сûӱֱִ̾Ʊֺ̾һӣϽһ·Ͳ㣬Ҫİͼ䣬Ҳð֪Ͻ㰮һͼ֮ߵҪƱеΪѣŽȥ̾취СϽϴӵĻû룬ϹʱСûվﾪ̾żǧֵĺһеӡΧôˣ
͵Сһۣʲô
СɥίίģүС㲻ڣǲȥִȾɽأؽأ̫˵ִŴŴܣصġֲỮˮҪǴͻȻ
죡˵ֶˮǣûӣҲֻצǡСһָͷϽܺƴˡ
ģŻǸʲôϳǶû˭㶪ǵģĴӳһ·Уӱޱ߶ƶһ㲻ҡȫƽɫССþʹϴ
Žɫӣ̲סҲСûϳǣҲûǰҪȻô˵˹̣ûһȵԼϽģ
תͷæάĻ˸к缸ּˣ´ˣˣҽģģ
үǶû˵һ·ߺã
춯ΧһȥصһԽûŵñһȴţΪĲΣ춯Ҫҵöࡣ
һ뿪Լ˶ʮıǣںǱߵһƬأ
ǸԼĵ̥ܵǣڴĩֻ첨һһˣ
ˡ

үӵΰϧˡ
һΰѵĿ鷿С棬첲Դֻ룬ͷԺתתȥȻͣҲơ
ʱֵĩɫ⿴ƾĵˮ֮£ģģĿգˮƽѻӿ˭֪籩ĵڼÿ˶Լı׷󣬻и־᲻ȥִ׮׮һôܲĩ˵Ĳ׳ʾף
ֻԼ룬ǳ֮ϵġ
ӿǴԽġǻ磿
̺ǰ󽫣ãҲ޷áΪǶһһ¡ְܽڽ̰κʱʹԱǴɱǴɱԼǴɱ
ƻֻеȻ˥ˡʷ߰߿֤Լ͸ǸʱȥߵöѪˣΪʲôҪԼͷ޴ƻ
˵ģֲƳƻǼ򵥵ĳ棬ãʲôʱһǶ£ɵĺֹʮ꣡
ɱˣûʲôڳʣһ·Ѫ·ûҪɱˣǸͳεĶݻ٣ΪаȨѹ˻ٶ꣬δ棬ҲȻʩȥƷǵĹ̵䣬ѪҲϧ˭ſ˭Դɱ˷ҲɱľˡǸûǴСء
˵С˵үǴõģǧҲûϷ
̫ƽ쮰ϯй峯ۿҪܶˣȿ񱩵ȴм²ʵɶҰũ򣬾ɴ󹦡Ѳ壬ǸֵطʵȴܲԿǣҪ˹飬һķѵĹң
ܻ磬ǲҪǽˣеÿˡʶмײ䷴нȻġŵǽ̿ĻʵǲôҪôʶײмַԼĻǾ̷һҵũɡЩһë˺үӣôίߣҲǽǡ׳ղſһġ
ǧأôһǮ
뵽Ŀ֣һҲֻһˮһߴĸΡԽǧԽ¡һǲǸɴͿһ顣
ȴͻȻӰһһӰŶɿ˽Ļͬʱ𣺡صƣ
էһԺһΪʩСѾͷŵŶҲгˣʩ
һг;Ҫʩһʮ˹֣Żһ㡣ȵŮһʮ֣õ۾լ֮С㣡
䣬Ͱһȭͷ读þˡͷһһüëޣɫ㷢ڵƻΣ读˭
͵ǣһȥˣ
һϽȥصƣЦ쾫ˣɿĻѪŮȥʲô̺үӣһ߶ȥ
žһӽߣϵ˿һϨ𣬻ȴӱϸϸֻǰͷϲ˵
Ϊʲô޸ͻֻ·Ǽ鼴ʵгԽʱĹ龫֡һһ߾ûҪˣһ߶ʡ
ΪҵӢۣҪ޵ģҲӢۡȻϺҲ֪ôɱġֽҶһȵ֪꣬İΣ˵Ŀ࣬Ҳǵһ֪
诵͵͵Ҳһ
ΪʲôСѾͷҴ
һ§ڴϣ̲סҪʡ
ŮһЦ˭ҺͶžʩ˵ˣ˭ҲŶҪǲԺôǰˣˣִ򲻻ǰɣǲ
૵һԼѾˣʵһضǡֻһطӲĴ̵һ㡣ݺݲһѿˮ־Ҫ诵Ķ񣬶棬֪һöֻŮz壡
ʱ˵ʲôҲǶ࣬Լ˵Ҳ˵ȥ诵ζȻǳϵãһ㵭ˮϢĿʻãҲı̺죬˳Ⱦ
вǣСѾͷе㲻ϡ
诵Сͷƴİͷ涥֮޵ץԼڴʩžǣ
˵
ʾҲУ
˭¶˭ӣ
ҵẒ̌Ҳǣ
в˵
ʱҴŰɫɴЦң
һ棬һתһ²׹ǻͥǰΪյ˵ûɫɴˡ
׹֮иֵĲǳЦŮӵ棬۰ޡʱŮӣοʻãǺԼǸʱŮӲһ
һޱĵͷ۾ſ֡Ͼ͸һһ⿪ӳǡ
һޱõװ
Ǵ·ġ
Ȼǵ뷢˵һļ诵װҲһֱ۾΢΢Ĳš
ǽҹô
ԺѾҵ޷˼򵥵ˡȫиоһ˫ȵϣ
һ

جΰ۲۵جΰ
һŹӣԴڴأץűǣգ۾Ŀһ
ղſϽ·ʱ򴭵ǹôһ¾Ͳˣе㲻ˣеĵһ
֮һŷ˴͵诡
ôˣ
ʱ򣬲顭㰢ûôøƲ
һ̣һ档


ڰ ·ףһ
һϺʱ䲢Ǻ̶ܳ졣˵ʱǾ֮ѵõϾȥ꣬ŵʱȻóԳԸ˯˯ȳ״֮ƣʵҲ˼޷ĵز֪жٸҹᱻеĽɽХѣ
Ϻ´أơղšʢɵܶĻѾʼҪöࡣҲȥһֻһܶķ˳ȥ
һպִ̣ϴܶٴϺֱֽ
֮ܶշ̨ʱӡ⣬һִ֮ǰùίβʹȱ֡һӦӭܶȫ
ǲӪͷܱʵڽӪ죬ȵֽɽӪ̡⣬һӦ̣ܶˡίȫȨ¡Է˾£øԤ
ȫʡʵȱأӡ֪ͬͨУѲ죬ʷʮ뼯ʵȱ򲹹Աвʹߣ֣׾֣ɾ֣ƺ֣֣ˮ֣֣Ӫ񴦡ƷϡʹίԱ˾ߣʮ뼯ְͣڡһ춽һΪȣܶ˾Ƴ棬κ˲ӣ
һ׮׮ܶһķ˳ȥͬϺٳһʱ䱻𾪵ò߷˭֪λܶתʲôӡֻƣɵ治С
ͬʱݲѾݷһǲǸڽӷϵùϺ׾ܰŹ֪һݾǲλŽշ̨ӡĽ׵η潭֪٣
ܶûǣѾõ׵Ķӣǽûп֮٣
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һϺڣҲ֪ÿûгԼڶžʩһ£ڸɫкаףһ͵ӡҲס͵С檵Ŷ诵Ĵ󷿽һѾʵˡѪСŮҲڿоϽءһżͦ͹ǵһεӣΪݸߵִｭ֮֮ز̩ء
ʵҲȷǲӱݣĲһйƣͬһ̶ˮһ˿ûС
˭Ҳ̶֪ˮ棬һ籩

˹İ״֪⼸Ϻͬȹһ㣬ϺΰӼʱŵĹҲǣվҲǡ̾һһ
Բǲ˵ˣžͷŲ£ܳ鵽ĴҲ鲻ζˡźÿƳ״֪زǮҡֲ˼еʱǹ̵ǩӵɫݺݵġ
εĲǳװˡͷ٣ѾϲΡ˭̫үأڹٳ˾ûӲĵۣ˼ң𡭡˹һƨɵĿգǺã
ϵùλŹ̫ڲųȱſǮҪծѾһˡһܣɵĳӳС̫̫Ѿ֪λǰ˸Ӱ١ͷѾ׷ˣծ͵ԼͷţʲôֻſڵĽС
״֪ؿɲԺӡ
ƣôŵǺһġܶˤӴ룬˼ҲûָϲΡһģҲܲ˲ðɲ̫үе첻ߵķǣ֮⼸ɴ·˸ڵء
һʲôģһͳ͢ʲôԸ⣬ةʲôҲûȤܣ˼ֻ֪ԷҪԷ͵ñס
һСС֪أϺλ̨ɣλ̨Ǳ˭ҲȥͨӣҲͿ赻˵ǲ̲ˮ˧ĻǼλŶǵֱҪվ࣬˼ȫݣ⻹ʲôӿ룿ǶǻûôԽԽץİĵ£
ֻһһţ棬Ҫȫ룬Ҳֻôˣ
ڽλƵֻ£ɲôԼͷ״֪ؿ͵͵ؽӵġһӵİµСΡۼſ쵽˵ͷ˹һ̣㺰ͣµͷ̧ȴûвȥһᡣپһ˭ں棡
һΣͣӵĻǰ̽Դ÷ְ壺ү˧үϺĹݵˣнүţǲٳǰˣүǲίǮһ룬Ǯû׼ү͡үʶ˧ǴļܺϽ
˹Сñɫѿһ˶ûץ˼Ǯݸη򣬻ǿߡžһ̧ͷǰ档
һĹǰ棬ʮվñֱֵأɫӾװոµûۡЩ˸Ķ׳СӣϵǾԵһֱߣӱû΢΢еǰ㣬ֻôһվȻһɭȻζ״֪ؿɲ֪³ʿʽĲٵĳɹֻһ¾ȶеתĿЩʿ棬ɫצƺڳʾһڵĽѥϥǣվװɱϸϸģ˱Ķһ㣬תͷĿͺͰ˹ηηһ
һǰ棬ʮʲѡ⾭սʽľһվɱȴʤ¶̧ǹ˧춥ӽǰڵų
죬ǰƣô̯ô˧үܶ
Ƚʿʣȫӵİ˹Ѿͨһϳſǻ֪νƷãƷƼ¼ְַ˹˧˧ͼְֻй

ϸ磬˵˵Ĵôһô˼»Ц΢΢ָǼĻĸӣʵ
ʵˣ档ǩɢһӣŹͷ˸ֽȲ衣˲ʮͣһԲϡϡƲӡϴĹҵģһõν޽»ϡģǵû̫ϸһֱڹפ弾ѡפǳĵѡò̫ࡣϰ챻Ϊһ۽֮ϵĴѡùȥĵȫسξͳֱ޽ҲǶ԰ƽ˼ڹȺԶת˺ôһȦҲ߶ӣʮͲ˽ȱ֡
νѪԵİӵܣ˷Ĺڣرǽ֮ĵطתۼҲǹţţ˳š˭Ҫĺ˵ˣҪڵĸ޽ʲô飿ȫް˸ࡢȼ΢еӣȫһפ˲ٰ츣޸֡Żӵطڵӣפ˷⽭֮𣬵µ׻ŸʲŽӣȥ棬ݵ˵زǶշǮ
طפ˻ر𣬺ʱ˱⡣ЩפطټңǸطټҴġҷͶ࣬һˮöˣԼɰҲܿæЩæݣ׼̣Ҳû
»ǶŴñģҲ˳ּ͢»ڼ˽ٳֽ֮ˬ죬һ͵»Ȼǰٰڿ¾һע̡˾Ǹٻӣÿɫɣ
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»ҧݵ΢Цһбġ
мãڲǹˡһܴӮСҲãֲֵûͷʱôϸѾѽᵽˣûãһƾʲô£סıֲǳʣݱôүǶǹʹ˵ϸ߾͸ֵ̨Ҳ壬һ˾ϸ͵Լ没һ͢Ҳزϸ磡
»ֻǿЦٶ꣬ԸȨֶһ׽һ׵ġȻҲ֪ôǶһˣ;Լ֪һУõһУȫɲóˡԸһʲôֶΣûʵΪʿֻҲᱻһ벻İ취ȥ
ڿͰ͵ĽҲ𲻵ʲôáһʵԼȫ֪һ֮£ˣ˵ˣﻹ罭ءΧӪҲǴ粻ҪЦ硣ô˵ָֻפݵ·¥һˣ
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ͷӣľͷһҪԶأʲôĶ·ĸԸȥɳһ㡣Ϸʡݵ»ǿˣطԲʱ֣Ǻ޲ó͢һ֮以ѹӴźأٵ˼ϡһղһطġ
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սڣеľ磡
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ͻʹ壬ҲΨһ֧ѣ
ս£ǰޡʦʿ֮ߣ·𶼸ǹӿĺ
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ӣ죬ɹһ꿪ʳˣ
Ŵ߼·ǿǹ͹ˣ㣡
ʿЦ֡Щӵı꣬һǻѪѧɵǾ춯صĴҵӢ˧ܵӮõȫǳĿ⡣˵бڸõô
վڼʻշ棬͸ϴŵֵʿǡȻһûЦ⣬絶񣬿ǣҲࡣڶݴĸӪԼӪֶӣ¡
һţһĴ̾͵ˡ
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׼ôݵʡôһ˶ߣҲվǰǸίԱһĭ
˧֪ôԵڳʣɱôͬһˮˣʮҪ󽫣ҲӮСӣ
ؾŵĻʮǰ˴ǰվˣͨװжͷʦҲȥˣ͵Ҳļ˼ǧķӣжֱݡݸСʩȫǻشǶţ¹ٿɱ˴˧飡
Ĭĵͷ߳ȥſվסͷίԱļҲ˼ǸοһЩͶ֮ʿһĵίԱļϣίԱӺ涼ˡ˵Ļһ˿硣
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֮أͿԳΪֱһ̷ܼ꣣Ҳسǿ˲õǣڱصУʶĶֶռ˿ڱҲɳΪصһϹطأҥонϹ֮ơ׮׮ʤеƽˮ׼һ
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һ仰ܽᣬϵĵطʿάšصĵط£ȴǿŸָĿάţЩ̶ŵĿɿ¶
Ϲʱ򣬼ȲǼգҲᣬسͷָȴĶࡣЩǴŶԽſڵĹӣȴɢſȣӶִֺ֣еļһԺͷϡϡˣӵǿɹۣһ֪˼ͷĻӶɢţÿڶҪЩɹúںڵģ·żŴĴָһȭүǶȴţھǶŴִֵһȦҲֻкɫ
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լУܽĶǺеȵȭʦ֣һվۻһôԸҪ̸ЦҳգЩʦֶһɫɢںԺжվšֻǿĻʹĺԺ鷿
̫ԽԽȻǶ򣬿Ѿڳ紺ߣ̫ţްҲ˺΢΢ее㲻ͷʱ鷿һƣլķү˳λڼкüس˼ǧأ˵̨ͷϹ׸ȻҲһȭĶװ磬ϵźͷһȻ»ߣʦ𵽣Ƶػģλʦ֣
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ֱɽϡŰģյģ֮࣬ȭҵĺǹǹᣬ˭λִʦֻ֣Ҫģ˭λִʦ־ĸµһߣ
ڽŲȴ߳СĻүʵүǾأ
ںƽ壬ѾãүĻֻЩΪĸĴʦλ֡ͺƽͬſ۹ӣšСĽĹܼңʵĴƹĻóӰӣɫѾȫȻüĿֱȻǵ緢μҵһ֡үҲֱͦ˱үȶſ磬ſ۴һȻǽʵ·ʮǰ󽫣
ͨ죬ͷһվĺƽ壬תͷĸӣ̣ڵȵһ죡ǽ´ҡǾ׹ӣǸǹڿɽǽãǵй͢һʮټʮֶëӣӵҩģǽɽӦһ죬û֣ûԣǼǧգҪӺҩ
Щڳʦնȭ˵˵ġԼŲţ˵ˣҲ͵ˡֱɤŶһĶķ׷׸͡
ˣǸͳ͢ӿʼ۾;峯ҪܶڱĲ˵ͨϹҪʮ֣ȭ죬´󣬷չŪ鳵ӴҲѵùˣһ仰ĸϣ˭ģ˭ǹģ
ҪǹҲУǰү˳ϰھǾͰڿ˼һ˿ǹʮõ֣ׯʮ̳ӣ˲˵֧ͷõó˶Ҫ䣬һʲôӲ˵ˣСΣҪͶǰﰫӣ˭ƤйǣôŪȥ˭̤ʵ
仰˭ܵסЩŽ̵Ķëӣˮأˣ˼ׯϾ˽̣˾͵棬ӣӮϺõĺ̲أ˵ҪǽãëһĶȥҪٲ̳Ҫ͢Ӷë
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˽Ӧͣľƣľƣ˭ɰĸ
˶۾Ҳڸ۸ߺȴĵ˵Ӱ棬ޱ飬үɫʱȴû˷ܣȴһ˿
һһ㣬ⱱطףҺƽͽǽйԡѪУҲȻҪҺƽģһУ


ʮ ·ף
˧ѾˡС˧ױӪҲΧϾٴ˧ݡݱ֪֪ظ˧˺üϯɶˡ֪˧ľϯҪʳ˧̫̫̫̫ǿ˧ʾ¡
˵ǳµ£һߣµ¾ȡƤҩݡլ粽һߡֻ黹Ǻ㣬˵СӪ˽֡ҲСӣɵһһһӪСӪ֣һʮ㣬פܻķڷ֣µһӪǴ˧СˣԾգڻϺ̻ҽԺţԼ£һһӪһƱģ
һСӲˣǿܴءڲеľĻе˧ķ緶ء
һһӪѾӵһг˽ƣıΪһױӪҪ£ֻǸŰʮʲѾãǵģ֧ӪͷһӸ߲ͷܶٴֱ𺽣һһפܶš
Ϻ߲ͷжУȻǴ󴵴죬ų㡣λ̨İ˹İأ֪ͨʲôӣȻӻ겻һֱٱΪعٶӼݰĴӭһ˴˹Ź֣Ϻٳ˶˧·߰򾲶˲٣ϺϺص¼ȥݷ˰˹İү̽һ¹ؽڡʱֵ״үһصˣֵʵæҲøŸ˧أλܴˣְʵڶԲסһֻ̿̿֡λҰ
ҡͷβȥλ̨гʹС˵־ʲôʲô³
Щɫɫ˼һûȥᡣزֹѾˡ˵л磬˵й󣬰޽ɡٸ˻ǹӵ½˿Щүͬʱµȼˣ˭ܱȵù
ֻⰴܶٴʵߵҲⲻҪģǵٳͬµ»ĵ´šҪЩһﶼԸˣ˧ǰ״һˡ
һСǳˮ˰ڼӣûһʺϺеܶٴˮһӵ߲ʮءݸױӪΧϰ¾٣ݱعٶһŵݲ˾͵˴ͷԶбɽչǡ
ϵĺͷ棬ԶǧɲɽεϦڴͷˮϣһƬĽƬһٴȦͷС洬ڵҹ𣬴ͷӥëһһС
˽۳ľ󣬡뻭
һֻԼĶǾ޲һɤӲźáڶɽɱˣ½ůˮǳ͵طһצ
µ˵ͷЦЩٶĶʲôóԣʳװţҪԻȣ˭֪Щ˵ûг¿ˮһٳɲءлʳҿǳʲôҳʲô
µеԥ˧ݡ
ʲô˧һһӳʵ˶ģֲûһԹˣһһûñõüվڴͷƵͷʹñϣͦʮͣӢòҲزסͳµһ·ϿЩӴñĹٶǱ֮ˡ
ԱߴϵױӪٱҲƣ߳˴ͷҪӵܣҪǱѧĻ϶Ǳˡ⽭ϾɫҲǵһγסڰϣֵľʿˣžôӾԶˮЩ󳤴ľ٣һˮԣˮｦ˻˭εÿ죬ĸԳٲסкáԶԶһѾվڴͷվñֱһϼâǺЦʾ⣬ӹٵˮﰶϣһѹֲסĻ
µĵĵͷֹ˧ѵ˵ġ˧иӣǴ˧˭
أһΧˮĹٱЦ˼䣬ͷʳµ¡µһ㶣æĻش𣺡˵籨ϺǸϲϴ˧гˣиκһһӵճ̻ص磬;ȵˡ˵Ƕӭ˧Һʹ˧أӣһæˣ
СӵĽ㣿һһ£ƺһ˵һΰݼʱ¥翵ڼ䵱Уƺйһż㡣һȴԼһӣЩ䣬ѾģֻʣЩŵƬҲƴղ
ûеϸ룬诵ʲôأԷ߶ȷ磿ǿɶأعͷȥͿһذװ˳ɫϵķ紵ߣ¶ޱȽ޵ݣһʱ䣬ϷﶼȥѪСŮȹӱıĳܣ齿ޡ
ͷѾͷƴ֣С㣡С㣡ˮžͳʩСëʨӹҲһʵļѾͷͷ뾡һа취һͷëҲûȥʱ򣬲Ҫ˵ˮˣûУҲôҳˣڵǵöɾɣ˧̫̫ȻŪɸӣ֪ͱСѵõ˵ˡеĲǵģ
һܹһԺǵ˼Ͳ֪ɵ˵ˣҲܲˡ֪Զ˭һ̫̫ˣͿЩˮԵ˰ץ·ҴܡȤվֱЦʲôưǣֲûƹӾ㰢дûУ
ԽУЩܵԽ졣һҡͷЦ߹ȥͻסϸϸ̧֫ͷһۣӣҲĿļϣץһĸ첲ǽסôƯĵطǹң󣡡
诺һɲŮòӣСѾͷʩȻ֪ۺ컹ǳԴףʱͺۿžȴǿö࣬һתͷߡһҲû취Ů˵аƽϵǻԴףҲûӡֻڴϱЧСѾͷˡ诱糬ԽʱĴ󵨣ԴجΰĴ֮ҹ֮󣬿ûᣡ
ͷڲסô֪ءŰɣаһ죡
ץһ첲Ľһ£̧ͷ㻹Ҫǳȥ̣
һֻ˳ĳ̧ͷԶĵжҵ㲻һǣû˺ҡʱ˭Ҳܡ
ַſĸ첲ҲĵĻסӱԽֻǳĿȥƺѰһơѾͷڷſͲͷĳµεĿһǹתȥ
⸱Ϸ羰Уƺֻʣˡ
ܶѪδڴͷ֪վ˶ãֱϦԿҪûɽͷⰲĻűһУʻСִơСִͷƮŲ죬ںӵСԴһפ֮ҽĵĴֻϺ֮䣬Ϊס׼֮ϣӢмĺø֧һ֮һҵľӣ
һ̧ͷָŴͷվļˣЦС诣㰢ˡ
һ￿Сèһ̧ͷž͵ɴ۾һ⾪ϲɸòСͷ棬½󵱷һžϵãһǸƤЦĳ༸ˣϰߵİɫװ󼸸˭
棬ֻʣŮӾϲأ

ةүݵĵ籨ˣ
һ»ӾǴˣü˳۵վǩѺſڣСĻر
λٴˣʻһֱߵӣԽԽźǸù˭Ϊ»ˣլ浱ģ͵͵˼ͷ˵طźˣ̸ǾˡϼˣȻߡⷽϣūűҲѰź򡣴һⲻ˳ֱ̾ƽһף»˽Ѳʵȱʵȱ¶
ʰܽýϸʡݷ֮λģ»Ƕһݶٴ˵ʥ죬ô˲ãĦȭƣΪܺúõĽĺɰ˵иࡣ˭֪Щ»ûаϲɫøӵĵߵߵˣ
ªҲôգ˵ƳίȱˣҲ̿⡣Щ¶ǼƤպôĴûᣬƫƫͱŹ»ֻǲסļ˰ݿͣסĳط籨һ˯ӵ㡣ة֮𣬶֪΢ĩСԱͿͺ˼̸⼸ӵĲɿͶǱߵ籨ûУĸһɹȥҪæٳ˵ԼҲܹȥһϺϢǽᵽǩѺԷ˯š
治֪λةѲͼĵʲô
︹̣̬ȿǹ֡ҲǴĺϢϣүܵϢһ
û룬»ķӦȴ˿ţСϱǰ뿿ԣ仰һµŽ˵ϣ۵ɵͭҲƣ˫һĵˣˡҡƣˣʲôȵʵǡ
˵һݳֽ»š˱»߹ܻҪīġͨ٣ͨ˾Ӷࡣ⵱٣īЩˣֱǴĹǡٳЦⷽĲ١»Ȼ˵ǳ͵Աˣȴǲס̳ǰεʦүѰ£īĻԼļˣ
»ŽŲשȻоϱϺƵļпǷݳֽüһ鲻þȫ˼ϸٿһ顣
һǷݳֽ˵ϣ̧ͷãȻҲ֪ʲô򣺡Ӧˣûĳ»ĸפݡӦףҪһ԰˭Ǹ塭ʥּкôôôŵӴӦأ
Ǳīܼ˿»ӵݵ籨ϲӣ»ĻҪһ֧ʵߣûʵʲôԱڿ죬Ҳġ·¥һ֮ǰܴװȫʮӪǧһӣ껴һϵӣ֧ıɸֻҪһ죬»㹻ĵһͥٳطʿҲóطһһ糱˵һԲ˶ߣ
ǳ·¥ڽʥּĬһ֮ڴӦ»ôٴ˷أ
ѵҼүıһ˵ӣ
͵͵ֹȴûұֲֳĵһ籨үүǰɳȥȥ˵´˵ĸ籨˵ү͵ĶʮĺֵƱӳ´ˣ´д˽ƱѲǷǧһã㿴Ҳһٶӳͷǵ´Ͷˣܱ͢һסˣ´ҲҪҿɽǣүء
»־ڶݳֽóүܲһȺʣһֻҪ嵽ݣȫշӸҶۣ
ڶݵ籨꣬ȻǸ˵ĸµ籨һԸΪЧݸ֪ͬ˵ͳ·¥ǾʶԼҲԵϣ۲׷ĵ籨»ķһ룬סһˣųֽɻ
Ǽֲóһݵ籨үݸ£λӡĵ籨Ҳүίȥ˵¾ŵģ¾ʨӴ󿪿ۣĽѲȫҪ˫ãһҪͨʡʮֵȱ¾ʾҪ塭˸¾ŲҪүӪ񴦣ֻүĵǲʲôһŲǡݸǴŵүӦˣĵطүൣһЩ
»ݺݵһݵ籨һĿʮеĿ꣬̾ϷүͻϺ鸣죬Ǵ廹оȣֻҪҪʲôʲôݸĺòʲôһҪصıӣ»ôһģŽô
еľƺһȫصϡ»źӴ֣ʦү춼һɣΪүúŪǰӣͨʡӡ٣ʿ𣬽ڶͳһݶǣ¶ӣ弴ݣҷŵһְɣһжҶţг͢ţ
˵Щŷֽŵ±һʲôž˴ϣǼЦȥѥүˣЩүҲùˣǲǽ̨Ϸֺһ£
»Ц֣ʱҵİҲ֣ˡԸҴһЩСǣЩӶ̤ʵǣҪܽһŪȥͨʡֵ֣ΪǲҵĹ٣үҲĸԸ
졭Ըһյݣ

ʣʮʮһʮ塣
սֻʣһֵ㡣ϱ֮շתɱĴݲУǿǰ˳ʮĳжת˾áũˣ֮һƬյġѩʱѽȻڵ˰սǧɽĴݲо󣬿ĶȴȱĳʰգӵİˡôأǴģȵùĻЩС񣬹ȥǧǶģһΣҲֻаȥ
ԭֵĽƽ֮࣬ͬĻءѾһƬļ󣬸طֻ˾ٵԱάȥһĴѾȫǨߣΪءԭסĽӪͷҲѾһƬһƬĳ׳ĲݳǰããһƬѩֻЩ΢ͽʳµצӡ
˧̨Ѿڳ˰ǣԬڳʡ̨ȷ̫С
ԬѾƽ棬վڴǰ棬ȺȺĳʰգڵʩǰ档
һΪ׵۹ݱ˳ôãһģƾŽǿ֤ȫҿƽΧĴʩ㣬ÿʩ࣬ȫǿŵù졣ʮĳʰգھƽ⣬˸ָాսĶ졣
ԬνʵڲֻӪȫһߣʱʿͳϽƽнһأ±˷죬ⶼǶһĹ죬սǿսʵġ
ԬҲֻ֪Ҫһ컹ڳʣֻҪһûдճ֮صʱͳ٣һʵ
ҪǷǰ˻ңҵ㣬նļ˵ĳʰǰ飡ٷֲһҳĻһ̫ϻʣҲǲܵ顣
ڣȴԼƴɱ˽ʮĵطеȻζ
㷢һӵеĸ̨㻹󣬶ֺѳԽʱ򣬻ôһСС棬ʲô˼
Ų춯ȴһĸĻ˹ˣǵţزأôأ
ڳµЩಿٵõѵģԴʢѧڶڵľٺ;ʿһһ죬ڶҲϾ൱١򱻳߲ʿ֮һҲʱ޾ǧЩʱܣҲⲻ󡣳ӣ͸ԬĻţͶҲкü
ԬĻͷĿĸĻš
ĻűԬζĿ⿴е㷢ˣҲǸ氡ڰ˴󹦵ģڲеĵطűãҲǲԡ⻹Ǵã²˵˵
ԬһЦֿڰԼֿµСָϿ¡
һȺ
ˡʲô
ǵţذɡҺݺ̷ͿϺ̷壬١ϺڿͣʲôմıһԼ
Ԭ漷ĻĻеˡ̶̳ǣر̷ֱ֮ͬ£ҲõԬȴôݺݵ˻ȥ
ԬһǶûиоطҲ뿪ˡȥȥȥȥĻܱи̲ܹ긻ӡʣںô߬أ
󡭡ˡǳʶ˭Ļżֱˡ
±򣬴˭谮Ҫ˭Ҫȥףڳ֮غ죬ըִ棬̨ģܲμôԬӵĸ󣬻ûأ˭ܵţ
һҰļҵʱ
ԬĿ⵱Уֹâ¶ĻҰĶ֡


ʮһ ·ףģ
ʮĩĽǣƺһҵѡ
һνһ£չٳʵȱ٣ظƷϵӹ٣иظ־вʹĺ򲹹٣ȫҪ뼯ǡ
ЩӣϷͳ򣬳׷ףһ˴ϢݿջȫסģػӵĻÿҹõȥĴ㣬һҪת߰˸֣۵ùִ֡ԣǽ̵Ľʤ֮ȫ֣ԳһֽƲ̬Ļηʢ
һĸߵÿ˶Ųͬӵ˼л̻̲յģҧгݵģжƾָе·ߣڴģȴľʣֻԼܱܲסġٳˣǶһֺޣͨʱĻδɹÿЩ߻ᣬһյУȴĻ˵һӢ¼ҺǣѾڽʮ꣬вҵӵܾ˸ָĹڽռΧԷһпܵı䶯ʹ
һ񷹵ģһЩ򵥵ĽṤҵҰĲͼʿǣһͭǽڵߵǵײײȴ׼׼һʱʣһڳʶȻɱѪ«ҲƣҲڳʣһȫ湤ҵĿںţ
֮أʽѧ֮࣬Ժ򲢳ƾٹһ֮ȵϺ󡣱ϾʱйĻڽҲǼ˲ŵϴӪһĻҲࡣ̻ѧУ˵ˣѧԤѧãָѧԤ࣬ĩ˲˰ּѧãˮʦѧãѧãֵڶѧϴѧãѧԤСѧУʽѧУʢˣĽҲԳΪغһˣЩ˲ţȴϵýβƵĵطҲ·ҵ֮ҲֻбϺ㶫ȥ췹߸ɴҪ͸ղڳﱸʻصʱ򣬾й˲ſ⵱һˣһҪȫµľֹɣҲֵĴЩʽ˲ŵС
عԱʿ뼯ĵڣȻģȴﻹóԼ
ָ˵ȲһţǱߵĲϵĸµ̸ʡһʱÿһܻ״رɫٲĿУһʷתǳ׹ħʦ˻δѾӿò·һƵʱأһ׶£
֮£ʱܿܿ

ϼ﷽լǽǵĹٶǶȥĵطƽգⷽլʡǵĹٶǴϢĵط˵ҷˡ
լһ˺üȱӵܡǮ̱ˣܲվӪĿͷɴͻؼɸҳѣϲ֣ԺζͨɴԼլӰ˴ԱߵȻǶĳ᷿ȫ齣Ϻõӡȹһſ顣ػӻĽȥȥŶģҲװ̣Ϊ˵飬⻹һԺӽˡ
լ滹רŵϷ̨ӣ׾֣÷һӦȫȻûϷүЩϷӹ󣬿СȻҲһζʦ٨ȫֻҪõܸŪõͷȫ
Щڹ¥ǳŵӣҪλܴǽլͷ֮ʶܲҪ
ʱ򣬴Ƕĵ֡۲죬̫֮ĳƺɡһѶڽһĹٶû¶һ˶ĻǶġеѾûˣ̶ƤӽߴҴҹͷҡ̯֣һԱ߼Ǳ·Сƾţ齫ֽƣҲͬСĵЩҲҪˣӴСУ۾
еرˣͲԸʵȱأߺ򲹵̨һ֣ڷϷͷҲһ齫λһŶҪˣһߴƣһ¶
׵ǽһټȺ٣ɺһɡݴ»ڽŴݻݷõһһѵģͳʵڻһŸ淦ݡ˵ĻҲǴ˲·磬ÿ͡ǽϣԱ§һʮ˰ƣһüЦĵвӣ
˰šҪڡ齫ԱСѾͷЦүñڱѾһףղףүдˣԾһѣһɫټףžǺף˵һסߵףүǴǶļܣӴ죬Ҫǵһ²Ƕǧ˰ٿִһң
Цģ˵žͽƷŵСѾͷӹ˴̣ݺݳһڡ
¼ǽʡ̨٣Ǹֳһŵʮͣ˾λãһȴҲĳ򡣵һЦλŮĻʣ治֪ô̳ġŽҲ˸ɴɹŮҲգְ˵ҲҪһ±ġ
Цҿǧ𣡡ˣһǽѧ̨ңһڻܶշ˾ǫѧ̨Ҳˣȫʡʿӵʦʵ֡ƾ֮ȴǻŵ졣˴ʮƣԴʮ¡ǸСѾͷһûľ͵һȥСѾͷһҪװ̣һһѾ׵ƻ˹
һѹȻʤǧִáǫЦ˺ְȿûôסһĶһԳɾģλҲˣְʵܲһ裡ϺͱƷһ̨治֪Ҫֳʲô
һѧģźҲݺݵĵԳ͢еģ˭Ը干һ죡ѧǴ⣬˽ѧϾ͸没ܲ˸ͥڣ
ҲЦ֪λةǲǿסģ˵ʥּ׼ıɸ⵽׿ס
ȻˣٳȴͿ§СѾͷЦĿˣκŰͷЦǻ˵һż½ϣ򻹽ʢİףеĲ·ϾžôһһǸʲôûǲ֪¶ԲʣѷٶɨᵽݣҲһ徢ͷ׷飬Ǵ飡ⷪӣҶǴװͿ˭ôɣƫƫһһӣڳʶ֣ܵסѱͣ»ҪһŸɣǾýƣгӶš˸¶˷룬ˡǲô
⽭ʡ˾ǳ̾һô̯ôһ˾ⲻԲ£˭˴ȱܸ͸³ã
˷еòҲ˲ٺôɴ˵ӵĻλϸ硭»һ־ְɡǸģǾǵٳԷ糯ΣǷŹܡһл糣ˣһҪҪǷŴӣҲͷ£˾һһ»һгȴû𣡿ǻ˵Ҫһ˽ǣҪץСˣ붯Ƿ롣û˵ģ»³֣
ʱһӣ齫죺һܷ죿ϲĸģһ볶췴ȻةеӲӲʿ飬бʡȫһͣλ治ߡ£һ½졭ʵڲɣȫǰУΧʿȫԼˣͣ˲ʮҪԷֵµıȥֵأһ֣ĹسʰɡҾͲţڣҶɱˣΪ¹УڵλǴһСųģֻҪ֮ɱˣһУĿ»⣬һаģȫµĵٵģģǸʲô
˵ն⽭˾ȴҡ浽ǸزֵңʿУһݱɱѹһ̨ǲ˵ˣǵùȴֵģǺö㣬»ݡǳȥ治統没ˡ˭Ҳ᲻λаλĺôӣԸһܺ͹ͬܺǷȥ
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ʮ ·ף壩
ӬӪݳܶٴ֮ϣȴ塣
Ц绨һСŮ˵ģкſˮտȣǷݣƣʹյĵݸۡ
һһԣֻЦĿš̴̫̫ۣĸоҲ˸еķɡ˵ԼϾʱ䣬Ҳ͵Ϊֹˡ飬糱һӿû֪ʲôʱ򣬲ٴһ
ȡĵ·ԼѡģûñԹ
ǴȻӡ֣»Ĵ壬ɱӢȵأҲǶȥһ꣬Щ֧壬˿һǧ򷢼ҵıǮ½ֽӼٶȥ˹ɱַûСռ˴ͷռЩȫİ˳ҡ
һҲ˽¹ҵжټҵһЩ֮ϺҵĲۺƶϣӡĴ֧Ķ߰ǧܡʱ壬ȫҲǧң
ҲǰҵҲȱŵԣҲȱЧĲֶΣ˰ԴҲô̶ļ顣һЩɵйԲ񻰡
ҾٸҵʱǷһٶࡣҲûôһֱ֧ȥĵͶʣҪľǻر⻰˵ȥԡͬģһҲͨ潫ЩԼߣ׳ʵһ棬һ棬ҲҪӺ⣬۽翪ϤϷʱһ̶ˮ
ĸ￪ţʣɲһķ
ҼȻ˻ཻվͿɿζˡҪЦȻΪף治֪ʲô̬ȺˡһҪرģһڵǿƵλôȿڶŲʡټҲ֪ŵӣɨͶһҶҪͬģη䣬һܿһ顣
ǾȵϺʢҲĶǱܲ档ǺղҲдǣǺʢͬţе棬ҪһЩΪáǰֵĳԸµˣһֱ׷͵ݡȻˣŲһϵͳĸ߹٣ȴһȺԱߣŻЦſȣơ
һ壬ĻΪˡ诵ݸĿҲ֪ȣֻǲסĳһһֹӡˣ۾ףڣô˵һҲסЦΣָͷϥǣǲ˵
䣬˹ھʹë¡ܶٴУȻů紺һｩȣĺˡתĿĹˣ˵Уɱʹļһ״ô򽻵üһĸܶǧ񣬼ʮĵ̣һӢˬȻһȡ̸Цɱͽڳһ˵һڲʮߣѾվ˴˳һ
񣬱Ͷĸ߿һۣһǰЩλ˵óһڴӵʮ԰õöݵĴǶŲ뾹Ȼ̲סõõЩ
һȻ֪Լһǰ˴ѹȡҲǿͳһˣҪⲢ㱻ǣűߣڳλŵֲѡΨһźǣˣĻԽԽ˿
ɱĴסָֻӡԼˡÿȱס͵͵ĿһɨƼͳҷӺأĴҲǼδ̳ˣʵ÷·ˣָϡ¼ңŮŻ۲¼ҴҲָܳͷ
֣Ҵʱ۾һ
֣ӡ˼żʮʷЩҵļ岻һǸó׿еġ籾ɣ֣Ҵ֣ɽһӢϵëصֹװñʮ档֣ɽڼһҰĲӼλõ統һһžҪһ档Ϊ˲˵Ļ˵˲飬·ϾͺָܴͨͷڣʱСӹȻ֣һԾԾҪ˵ӣ
񵽴֣ɽᡣ
⣬ԽԽ˰ǴˮΪǳһǻˣ˭ҲŴ˵ĳλ˭ˮͷüǻҪͷ˵
֣ɽŵӿڣһ¾ʹ˸ղе͵աЩĵĻӣĿתһ뿴ı顣һȴɫЦŰ֣ﻹʲôģл˵۲ˮУɲڲ࣬壬ʱ˵ﻰʲôʱ˵
֣ɽһЦҲ˽п࣬ȥﲻҵǺˣУעҲࡣ˶ǽȴֻ¸أҲֹӡצһ˿λֳ񵱾֣˭ǻ˾裿һЩҵڶǻ㣬йػҵ˭֪ҵǳЩҲˡ˵ʵڵģǷҲǿЩҪǣ˶ǵͶԽԽʽӣ˫۾ţǻ̲ҵһ󣬵ʱƣ
ҵģǮҪҪȻһǮڼǽʲôڵĵλȽıӼȻܶ׸ֻǵķչˡʽó׿֤ټһƼ֧ԮڳʵĹսЩˣӢǶǴ־ģԴ˵ľгӻԾǾƤˣȽ磬ָһ·֣ɽ˵һԣϣأ
һϯ˵գҾͿһɫˡҲЩõı۾֣ɽڳݵ㣬Ҳ֡Ǳ˲˵Ļ˵нпûʲô󼸾仰ȴʾҪЮһǺεˣֻʮѧ͸Ҹӡֳ񵱾ֶŸɵ˵λôܵ˱ֻ
ۺһ򽻵ҲˡһԸ£˴Ҳ塣һٳؼʱóȥǸţ£ȴҪһжԼеǿӲ
ΪеˣԶֻܺǿǿλ֮˶ǼǧʷγɵġҲֻںǿУı档׷޷ڴˡ
һڳʣһ·ɶƵߵڡ˵²Ϊǿһ¶֮صڶ塣˵ЩҺһһ
˵һʼһȫ֧֣еԶүӵĸж嶯ͷһĸЩ̿Ŀ˻ᡣ
ЩļʷһѪʷ˳ӣƵ£˺࣬ŵ档ĸȴиõĻǰǸг͵ͶԴҪǣһ˵ʽģճϣۺýԵһĲδΣǲǽһٰŽ룬ȴڼзľ
ǸĹȻ٣һǵĶݱأṩĻرԶԶһǧͶ롪ộÿֳ񵱾ֵĴ㣬Ѫ겻ǲ֣
ǣ潻ʱ򣬻̸ʲôݻرԼһǰͼֵءرһһͬвڵطﶼıţ
뵽ֻ淢ɣֺô֣ɽͷڡָͷ˿棬ȴ˿вֻ̡۾գҲգĿһδҵһһ֮䣡
շоĵģֻһָһµ߲輸ϵ
һȴûа顣
棬״㲻诣ʶסԼϵ绨ЦݣһзǣվһͰУ߿ұ߿˵ʲôȴֲ֪˵ʲôźá
֪˶ãҴϺʪʪָɡֻöʱһڳһ治֪ԼǶԻǴˡʱҲΨһѡںʲôѣһǻȥɡʱģҲֻЩˡ
ЦЦС诣㵽ȥϢһ°ɣҲˡ
ҵҪŮӲС
գգ۾ҲһЦһͷ˵ҲأҰˣǰһ߶Ҿ߶þã˵žȹƮƮҡҷ߳շ
һһЦȻ棬ȴҲǱѩǶžʩɵѾͷʱȻŪôһ¶ʱ˵ҵĻֻаﵹæ
ĿӯıӰ뿪ĳһתͷָ
ҽֻһǽǿǿ˯֮ţڶѾˣ׼ʵֳҵߡ
ߣʷ֪Ϊ֮𶯣һ仰壬ԶԶķף
ֳҵߡԹʵȫֲ¢ϲҵšȥʮҵķչŲҵƣϵɷ棬ҲΪֳҵסһߣ;δʮµУҵ
ߣҲΪʷ֤ģ׷ǿŲ֮ЧһֶΡһսϴձȴҪձάĸߡֳҵй֮Դ֮棬˿֮ڶ࣬Ԥδ£ȡԶԶάµǿɾͣ
ʷһ̣һܵģֻеĲ
ԸҷųģһֻޡԸ̵УܱסܵĹƽ塣
Լѡĵ·ûñԹ
һȴǳеĿȱӣڵϡ

ѾǶյһǶĺϯǡ
ˮͷӵѾˣĶССӡͭ¯ľ̿棬춼ڣٲݵͣ룬¶ǣͷɫٻؼҡ
α仯ŶӣƺҪǧһֱĹȥ
˭Ҳ֪ھǰյʣҪʲôʱ
ɫɵģкͬͷھֵ֨ѽһһż޺žƺͲ߳˷·վƵ»˷ƹĻСר֪ͨ壬үר˼ԭӣû¾ƶң֪үǶҲһ
ӲųţͱںͬХĺɨһ£þ򰾵ӣ̲סһȣ䣡ʦ֣Űţתͻ䣬ҵɫ÷ҲÿˣƴҲһأ÷¾ƣ
ûͷ»ӦһϵЦүˣڳͷߣүȴʣ˭˵үˣ
һתͿſڣվ߰ùĹҵӰͷλǺүӣЦô飬źƤķñ峿紵ø߸ƮֻЦĿ塣
ӴүӣôˣҲŶ˭ģ죬ʦ֣үӽүӣôͰ͵ң
־ϲоӾǣƽүⱱزðŷ纮غǶĽ֣һ˿˿ɻҲһүҵôưھִӵ壿


ʮ ·ף
ǣˮˮͷ
ϵĶգͱǶֲһ亮ˬƵǷɳذգǸϲһЩҪĽգУȳڶô࣬ƺͿ֤ˡ
ϵĶ죬Ȼȱһ㣬ʪ䣬ȴƺһֱ˵Ĺ衣
䣬ҲչˮͷƷ˽ӹͤȺܶһȺϡ
һȻһ·ߵݻͣ졣ƺ׼ʱݹٳͨԸƵġҲͲһ·ϣҪˡ
ǲ϶೤ʱ䣬һվҪġ
߰һܶҪټĹٶҲòˡˮͷƷųɺѹѹһƬ˵ܶΣ֮ǰйܶѲٻͱذĹԱÿڣʲộʲôӦϲһ㻹ǸɴʵݵģнȥԱ٣һڱΣһ˹ĸûϢһҲûһǰθ취˵ˣ˭оź壬һź˵á
ΪˮͷʽȻʲôȱ˻ӱĶࡣһжŪ¶ϯ磬û
϶ġĸӡٶãʱ䣬ȲæǮʱҲǿӡ˶¶ί޷Ǿ˳ԵࡣǺվŵӹٶȴ겻ᣬЩСүһôȫ٣طӸТžҪ̹꣬ݶʣʱ׵ʱʡǣڣǴ˰׻ӣ˭ܳԵס
ЩСүɴཫһڶڵͷߣų˭Ҳ£һʱ䡣ӲȥҧžҪжΣʱҶ˭ܵ࣡
СүĶӲۣһѲ첻ӾܾáڳĲٹԱȴǵĶӣ̫رˡһϢ˽͸Ƿз»ةҪ˧Ÿɵˡ˵ѾϽĳݻ㿪ηѹȥˡǧ˿ٽ֧ʿͣʮܸ㶨飬»ɺãһʮȥҪӼˮҪ֣˵·¥Ѿȥ籨ˣ˵Ѿ½͵ڶʮȫݡΪةǰЧˡ
ǽٳȴǱз˵ڽ˾̨ѧ̨̨Ѿͽ޽վһ»Ҫһ֣»ȥֻţϾһڽҿΣñãñƸۣ»һ𣬺һָذ
⵹Ƕ˴ҵθڣǧֻΪƣΪ˶ġһǰҪλֻ»һѾˣҲҪ͹ͬһǣ»Ǹ͢٣һЩ˭ó͢һţһҪĸҶһķ룬Ҳóȥһٶ»ţ
ΪϢˣԽҲñһˡ˾ΪףƷվţһɫ࣬鳤ȴšԱ棬ǽۣͱǷάΪ֪жٰգѾ뼯ˮأͷɽԣݶϣĲ֪жͷΪ˿һλ𺣶Ӯ˼ս޵д˧
纮¶أӵ֮ϣȴȻĵġ
ൽ˵籨֪ͨĵִʱˣһȴûе

ػӺˮⶬգԵüǳֻԭõСΪˮ⣬ѾһСģܶٴϡҰտյģʱҲѼţ׼ꡣػɣһƬ
վܶٴĴͷ¾ɫĬȻ
Դк˵ҹ֮󣬳ͺĳĬܶٴķյУǱŲ͵ſȡ˭Ҳ֪λһµκ꣬Щʲôӣͺݵ΢Цһһпܻӡ
Ǵҹһֳҵߺ;ġǵ飬Ȼ˳úܡЩ壬Ĳһµȫʽ𿪷гأԴʢЩģĻɽعҵԴҵҲתòֹȨ߸ɴתòҵǡȻľӪ꣬ǹŲҵĵӣٲ˴ȳӯμšټϹżеҵ˵֣Ҳ˰ֲɱʽݽߣתòֹɷݳȥÿһʽйôڹҵϿ˵һƬŮأżǿʽ𣬻˲ţе
ʢѾǾſҵĿƹȨר١ʱ˹ƣʢҲһǧϵļҲˡǮ̱ǵľôԼһ˵ˣǱҵ͹ٳһһѹһֲΪһ¢ϲţٵʢӰͺôһֲŽĸҲǿֲͬԴͬĲҵšûǣƣȡƽ⡣һ㣬ʢͿ÷ҲõƯһ³γɵԴϲ
Ѿŵһ֮ڣвǧʽӿڣССʽҵרűЧһǧƽΪһƻ𡣶һҲرȫ֧ǵĳŵܴĸ棡ֻҪܿйغȫ湤ҵ̵ĴĻ
˶ĺˣһ˳ŵ֤ǽԼλ˺ελϡһһ̨ôЩɵǮԮʱѪ޹飡
һѾʾľģЩҪı״ҪչռĹں͹ʱˣҲվһϡһµĽϣΪȹ̵塣
Щ죬㵽ЩʲôﱳͻȻһͷһŴµһȻ䣬ҲöʵվǶֱӢԴȷ˷֮ǰһҲҪάסԼǰеˣࡣҲעԼˣ˶һĵλҰҲǰࡣҲһ㣬ĿʼԼԼһЩ
ڳƽǸʹͷһԣһ˯ӪһܲٳҿЦҡͷβǸһôģȴȻĲӰһԼҲеΣʲôλ͸ʲô顣ȡĵ·ߵڣһжȻȻ
תЦ⴬ߵˣǺöӣǾеˣ˰׼ã
һб۾Сƭ˭Ҫʵ춼ˣˬˬ˵˰ɡڴļҹŮ⣿ӼˣݻСӺݲǻɣ
˾Цžɫʵʲôʱǰ˵ˣ
һ仰˵еأҲվֱӣһõĶӡ֮󣬻ͶĵͷЦˣǰǲóȥš죬ͷȥ˼顭
һƵ׷ʡﲻˣҵĸɴߣĸ˼˵⹫ϵĽһˣ
ҲĿһ飬ʹ˲ܱȡ˾ֳҵߣ¾һֱĥ˵Ĺ߰ҵۺǣǾãϰأºʹ˧ȥձΪȫ湤ҵձϰչúܿࡣǿˣҪȫ湤ҵϳǿҲ֪ʢЩŸɵйǵǮҲءҪʱҪԼϰյģҪȥ˵ġԼϰգ²֣߶ձöңҪǲǺ󳾣ô죿Ҫǿϰչ̫ƽӣأʵ벻ˡ
ǰĳȻǸμ棬͸²ӵĳƤЦ֮£Ȼһų֮ģǸʱֻͳζԻĵĴ󺦣ʱȴ뵽˸ĵز
һһʱ֮䣬ǸпޡҵʽҲǼЩϺʱڳ£Ѱٳ·Ѫܴ꣡ʱ˥΢˺εĳ̶ȣ壬׷ǿƺе춨ˣǸʱǧһֱڵԶð굱УΪ꣬ȼմ
ˣ˳ƶУһ·ڵλʱҰļңΨһƣǴԽͶƵգ
֣λٳúεƣǾΥ
ĿųֻһЦЦݵУ֪Ŷٸп
Сӣ𿴱ͻɱˡСũԸʱǻزȥʲôʱʮ֮ĩʷϿǰпᣬַͳһйʹϵʱ𣬲ˡҪֲʱһҪ경Ѫ׷ϣѾˣȴٲˣκκĹ뼷ĶУٲѪȲпĻۡǿӶȫ硣ֻܵһ䣬֮꣬Ҳȡһ㶫ӣҵƿ֮£Ҳᾡ壬Ҫ䵽ձյĵز
Ҫٵǿ㹻ǿˣԼӦеķֶҲܷԭʼ۹̵вò׵Ⱥ塭ȡũҵ˰ṩֲȫĸһְ취Իرǣôһ壬Сһ㣬и˾ͿιҪһòŶʬܴﵽȻʱչѹӶֶλ𽥱仯ҲòôѪȡұѡҲѡҪһУǾܵһ̡ΪҲҪķѣĴ彭ɽĶһֻǲܾʰ·㣬ҪҵĽŲĻֻ޷ˣ
Խһһô¶ȫ뱧Ȣ߰˸ų⣩Ȼ֮䣬·ǴѧǺ˰ƿơƾͺ˵˵ڹŻʼе㲻ʱ˵ķŭꡣ
ߵڣѾûзĵ
ֻǾһһϯãû˵ֻĬȻӡֱںӷ統У˶ûʱһЦˣڶ⣬ѾˡҪʵֳҵĹߣҪһȻ̸ʲôġ˼Ȼˣ¿лˡȵϴ˰ٳʰ˰ɡǹײæءʵұȥⳡϷϧ»ҡˣǰͷߣںš¶һҲǺֵһϷء
һһЦ򣺡ܺãӸɰɣСӵġ˵Ҳ˵ϱˡϳŮúң
ɴˣҪҵĻںӶ߰˸ˡ
һˣڿɾûˣ쬵ġųɫҲ֪СͨˣţǼȱĿĴﵽɲվԷ磬ֻǷԸһ䣺Сӱװˣ˵յͷߡ
˼ŵֹСӺݣžл飬˭ǹ˭ܣţҵúú롭

㵺Ʒۡ
ձ֮ս£Ѿڷϵͣս״̬֮ҲףٴҲ̸ˣ˭㣬˭׬㣬ͣⳡսµǿ̵ôս£ѾΪʷˡ
ձҰģʮ֮ĩѾǱ紵ȥ
Ʒձ½ľøۿڣʱͷ⣬ǿ۵䴬Ӵӱձ½࣬ĴӴӿ¡Ӣලձ½ԱĴͺձعԱЩĲбܽ
˰̵ľӣȻʿ䡣ձڵĲ״ǵд󲿷ҲҪԱġʿǸޱ飬еƺзɵ̬һ٣µôȴסͷĶǲɫ
ٲΣ
˴ˣǴˡ
ЩľӣͷͣŸ߰ĴЩձ½õ贬ҲȫҪԱиװģҲȫҪжͷƺ˹أ׵˵ǣÿ϶жôж˺˻ٷӵƷ۵֣һ統֮ʱֻЩæҵȴԽԽ
ٲľƷһƫƧͷϣĿǰһСԱȣں統УǳĬ
ٲѾȻձľȨȴҲɣ
ҪѹЩĵɱҪձѾƲҪӢĸսµ̸ͣͣս̸ˡЩæµѾķľ˵ڻΪȫĹУͶ࣬ĳƺţͷѾǡ֪١־ʿ۾ĥҪдٲѹ£ȴµһУֻԾ˵ٶ
統УΣһ·ʱᱻϵĿݲ
Σȥһġ
ӢĹϵͣ˴ս£Ϊ͵һǴζͶһĴʤ֮£ѡԵˣٲıΪձ۹ǰǿļල£ʹ۹ʽ̸УⳡѾʵֹͣս¡
еԱǾٻԱĿȰ֮£ںһСΪٲĶ˵һ仰黹пΪ
ԱٲĶĸҲѡٲһΡ
£ϴɡ
ٲվɫԽԽ԰ףԱǰһȰٲĻһ𣬷·Ǵһجεһ㣬ĵͷãϴ
Ա̲סһ䣺£пΪô
ٲĵһЦʱ޶ˣΪʲôҪƭǣΪ˵۹ˣΪңϣһɣ
ԱĬȻͷǶٲ֣Ҳֻһģģĸ˭ãҲֻ΢еˡ˭Ҳ֪ʲô֧ٲģ˼ᶨвдһ㾫ѹե˳
ٲĲΡΡ壬ˮѾݿٲȴվס˽ŲͷԱܲȥ뿴Ǹһ
ʧһЦôȥݻʱ򣬲ʲôˡԸ֮ˮů㣬ĥӢ־ڶǵ֮£治֪ңֻǲң

˲֪೤õĵȺڳдʼʧȥģ˹ĵʱһܶٴڳ˴ߵУ
ģڴͷ߸Ʈ
ܶٴ֮֮󣬸С֣װϲִ࣬Ϻʱһ㣬ĶǴŻɫǹվñֱĽٱ˵ϺǻԵĻȴǿΪ֮СӪİսڣչʾȫйٺͽģ
ִδеʽǿȻһչֶΡɱ֮ڴԶԶδִͷʱ򣬾ѾңңڳЩлĹʧɫֻħĿƮĲ졣
ģӺ֮ǧɽ޵ɽأһ·߰ƺŹȥǳսµ̺ѪȣͬĵĴĩһǿˣ
һ򣬽շ̨ǫŷӦѾͷǺæķԸڣӭƾ
ܶŵֻûüȼȥڣΧȴͬʱһı֪жٴڣͬʱըеıڳãˮسͷһֱ˵ϣһȫûֻһԽԽߣ˧˧˧
ЩڶǽԷģпûйٳôƵ˼ֻһ򵥵ͷ⼸ʮ꣬Ǵһ̰һֻ̣ǰλ˧һң
ΧȺȸԾȺӿ˷ȺѾаճǰ۷ƴάȺеڹٻʧɫ
ٴѾԽʻԽһʽ˴ͷǰ
һһ־Ȼ̬ͬ
׾


ʮ ·ףߣ
ͷĴ󺹣ڽܶǰ۵дС
ܶţ̫ƽʱʮһǰƲĵطܶΣѾֳһ档˵йɵܶˡط֤˰벿йʷ
̫ƽﵽ߷Ļ԰ȥſڱɱ˽йȥȥ֤ת˥΢仯ֱӭɽȻͬܶһ
·񣬴һʼͺʹٳԵôĸ룬ͷϼһֽټĺʡڿô֮һͷǺӭﵱУλߵ˾˼䣬žڼٸ÷˵Ĺٶǰ׶ڴӵˮǣǫַ̨׼ܶȫȻáֻһƥͷ֮ϣǻ֮ʿ棬ô˶ȥ
֪жٹٶڱƿڴţжٹٶȥ޽߿״´ʼһͲԺòϵģ
ǿ㳭ˣһɣЩȫʽװĸʲױùֵһˡǶ󾵣
ڽ洩еֵİվ͸˧ĺ쳹ȫǣֱܶ·ϣɽ˺һڽ˶֮ǰЦűȭԺϳǻӭĽһҾֹȻּ˸ĻһӰʧڶſڣȺûɢȥԽܼˣ˶ӿ·ڸϼһ㣬һվſڣһ㣬˿վǾһֱֱߵЩµĺúҲǺõİ
ԭЩʲ̫үǣڶſվվдѥдЬǷģŹ·Сϱڵģ治УҲϵٵ١ܶչضҪڣվҲü
ƾĽڶſڣÿһڣȻʲֱžһתԣȻǶֵöôзӯ죬Ǿ͸ľһ㣬ɭȻҲֻŴӮⳡս
ϹʱȺܼʱñӣȺмһ·ĵطȥֱվŵأֻǳɤӺүǶãã˧ĸʲҪ˧رʹ
һǰ쵽ĽҪ١˼ȥϼˣϽ㰲ٺˣͿ˧رʹһҪ飬˸ǰѽˡٲ˵ðһš
û뵽ȴ⣬ҪȥǣȴԶĴйǶһƧСԺСԺӻģɴཫԺָʹȥľҾߣȥѡѾͷСˣӵ꣬ʳ꣬УȥʣЩطڽʡȻһľþӵģ
һó٣ֻԼȶҪϸˣȺСӴ̵컹Ҫ࣡һһͶһзҲƵĸϹʵǸϽʹеˡ
֪˶󹦷ż˶ѣڵСӪβϵү㣬һȦرǸţ
Ŵһۣٷϻˣڴˣ˧˶࣬ñĵļһûȥĶҪܣ
ǾһЦȥرʹɣСױӪڣ̶Ѩ˭Ҳ˴˧һë
ᵽرʹе㷸ſ·һţ󲽵ľͳȥǰʮݣּÿתڣױӪغ򣬼ʾ⣬ϾǸʲͷһ·񶼻˲١˼֮ڽĸоˣǻٲøϽȣ
һ·ߣҲЩþһ˰²ⶽͲ٣ʻûУҲ˵һеưܵģŻˣڽգȣݾٲЩĹٶǸ̸ۣһЩ̸Ҳһ䡣һƣүһ˲ٵģĴǴ˧ţƺöɣ˧Ҳˣһ֣Ǻܵģ
ߵÿڣͲȥˡÿСӪӪԴڣҲ΢Цͷһֽͬ۵ȡԽȥͨȻͼҴҵܳ˧ȥžͰַߣѹ˧Ǹʲôͽշ̨Ȳ裬˰콻ӣӲǱӣ۾۾ģŴ˧Ҫȥô˧ţŰɣ
ƣһסӣӷ񫣿ʰ㣡ſڣҲֵ̫ˣſֵһۣϾʹ߽˶á
һȻŲͽӻļǫŤԷһǻڡղӺʢûһСӸʲĻֱȥ֣̲ļҵ׶ȥˡ
ܶͷ̨λһʼˡһǴҪҲڣһͰˮ룬ˮЩϺзڹ˶һʰǷܣʰͬԲûǸʱ䡣һٸǻ࣬Ц˼һ飡
һ𣬲ŽжӡţһʼǫҪշʡǫǵĵľշⶼ»ǱߣӦʮ˾Ĳֻжʮ»ҲĬˣǰͿȫĨݺ׬һʡǽҲжʮⷪ⣬νó
һʼǫǷܣ˵ʲô˧Զ࣬ȰЪʮµ˵Ҳ١
žǴ˹ǻ˧١ǹٳҲƣ̨ǹŷ⣬Դ˧־ͳɡˣȻг͢ʰûһ½⽻ܶ˵ĵǫҪԻϸ
һǲģﻹֵĴ˴֣˵һǧһ򡣳͢ӣϷɵģܵģһġǫȥһ£ʻǸأʼҵǻһ˵׶ɲźģǫҲԣ
һˣƢǫҲһȲ衣˾ôڿɫǶǺһ࣬ҲЦĿţתǫһ߼װźȲ裬һʹһͬ£һ˵ԻŮأһֵ£ͱô֪ˣʲô³
ĥţǲǸɴ˦ˣһȥˣȫùٶǣһһܣ»һɴȥ
һҲŽһ߶һߵȼǫ˦أܾûװˣˬر˻زʹأһ촫£ˣˣ磬ǫߣ
һ£Ϳؾص˽б۾üĿ˼ǫһۣͨһ£˧ʹ
ʹôˣһӱ淢˺ʡ
ԴˣүҪھǣ̷ʹ˧ױţҲֵе
岻һ濩һ¡簡οǸƮľǣͷתü죬һӾףԾѾ޿֮ҪҲֻΪֵܣʷθı䣬塭
ת۾ͱһѹĵף׷̷ͬŵ飬ţһֶҲ©Ҳȷ֪ǰ˺üǵΪʷϵûʲôͬ
ΪѵĿ˼ǫһۣһֻǰֻµĽһһʮ˵˳Ϊ׷ǾҲû
һһתʱͱ׵߹һϣžͶŴΪսףһС˵־˰ƣӵһȺڹ˵Ϊ˾ǣͷ̶ˣʰǣҧӵȥСӣҲûϢôѾģĻƴأôóˣһȺ˵ûһ˳ĵ飡ӵҪƣܿסӶã
˵ֽţϡǶߣͷֻʣΣ˧ģ̷ǰùؾصģʲôҲ˵شҲ֪ǲǻһӵĳ𡭡
һǫȴһָֻɣ䶼ͷкֱʵ̲ȥˣһ٣վֵˣ֪֮أǴ££Ѿ޻˵ھͻؼұţλ򵯣Ⱥųңĳ֮ѣ˾ĳźˣ
˵žͺݺһ˦ӣŲص˳ȥһһıӰһ߼ֱǫӰˣŻͷһֱڿϷںЦϷݵΣ
һЦۣȴ֣Ҳֻд˧ݵóұһ㣡Σֱɵ߱˧Ϸˣ⼸ǰװ
һʹˣ⼸ŷϣ͵ûԸȥ졭СӣôһţӹǾˣŶԲסӣӹױӪȥȸܼٳʵӲҪ
һôһ̤ʵˣЦ˧
һ£ͷŶ˵λһӣȥ£صĲοΪǼһһţͰһӴ󳼣ʲôʲôڳһһͿΪļƳ
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ʶתͷٿڣλҲֻǵЦһ⻰˵ŴӾһ˼΢΢е㼵ʣٳԼҪڶѧѧ
һڰ֣ϢϢױӪ͸ʲ׼Ȱ˹ж˹ڣƵ˴ˮһ죬Ҳ˶ɿһ죡

ͬݡ
⴦̷ͬµԢǵĹſڣĶǳոҪֵ֡Ϊպ̸ĸʹ̷ͬҪ뾩ϸ򡣼ȻղʹݣҪõͷ̾ҪࡣſڴϢģǽӵشΣװĴȫ̷̡֪ͬǧ֣ɢӣȻӵܣȴûǮصزǧԼö̷ͬװú̷ͬеľǸпһƵ̷ͬЦЦû˵ʲôţҶ飬Ҫ˵һЩջʲô˼
˹ͣҲһǧպ̸ղʹҲݻ̷ͬһǾеһκ̷̸ͬͬ洫Ϣ̷ͬǿҲʾκ̸ҪĴţֻŵѡǵʱҪͶǧǽ̷īǱ̷ͬˡ
ǹٳ飬ŷβ;֪糯εı¡ԴһߵϺǰʱգڲҲˡͷλ̫̫ԭЩе㲻˼ҲǱˡô˹裬ټ󳼵ʱ仰ͷһ˵ˢ¡͢ٲӳҪڵϱǸһˣ
պ̸ǳ͢ȨĵһʹֻܰãܰңǺ˴򽻵Ѿ̨λϺ˸߿һ۵̷ܿ˭
̷ֻͬҪЭ콫κ̸˳˳İھǣסˡֻҪǸúһ컹ڷ裬̷ǰ;ʼղ
ȱ䣬ſӵĳ͸ˡеͣҪΪ̷׳еġеϵͨġеͶ̷ͬں̸Ա鵱а̸֣ɣһ٣ٹǾǰںɰĶ
һת֮䣬̷ͬͳ˾÷ϵǡ
һУԺ̷ͬϺʥ˿ԼʮˣڲֻǸڸ顣̷ͬʮѾˡȥֻ˫ԽԽԶķݶȻ̷ְͬءǾµˣԸԴӣйֻ˵ˣ
ƫ棬о֮٣ԳɴҲԳɴ£
ڿΪöصʱһţ·үģǰˡ
鷿У̷ֻͬǳΪȴ͵һӷ֣ãããʶȴ̺ʮ꣬ν۲ʶˣϣѷ⣬ˡĳֻʶºգ¹ȭȭ֮ģĳΪܿĳһ񣡡
˵Ż۸ڶϺʥˣȻ˫ֱȭһҾȥ
ĶԲæĽסʲôˣܵ𿵴ҾͷҪͷ
ſΪˣЦôüĿһĶƤ׷Ǻүӻ˭ߣ壬λشһξֹٳ̸¶ĳϣɫеΣֽҲ֪ڴ
Ϊүӷ˿һ󣬿ΪĽүӲ¡תͷ̷ͬԥʲôүһƬģҵ˫һһ֧ǿúү٣ղҲͷϿˡںүתҵȣνʶ壬㻹Щʲôӣ·дʸϣ
˵Ҫȥϳīֽ⣬̷ͬȴֽ̧סϺ֣󣬺ϣҪӳ顭
⻹ЩʲôΪëʣصϡ
̷ͬȴĿźƽϣ˶գ˼һݻᣬǸмҲڴĻУʢۣ֮Ҵֳɾ̵֮Ҳáȴ˫ַϣʵе벻ͨΪʲôǺʹֺףԴֶĵλʵӦÿԻøĻر
žһȴǿΪصһӣߵſڣֻȥ
ɴߣɽ裬⺫ͷʲôͼкβã
̷ͬĿ֮£үȴЦݲͷһ£شǺ˧ĳ˲֪ڳ֧֮£ĳǵСεȵزʵĳǺĳһְΣúƤԴֻкĳһ̷ˣ룬Ƕĺô˵ˡ
үʶķŵڳ˽Ǯɴʢ·ɢͨǶǮϢöˣǾˡͷ˽ģ̷°ɣ
˧ڵ˳ǱߣͷӵĸȴڱأʵǱ޳Īôˣֱͷ˵ϷҲʵѧȻڱأ̷˧ֵ֮ˣ˴ҵͷӲи̷ˣи˭ʢԴӿʼִ֧˧̷ֵܶˣѾǺͶλһˣ
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үʮ˵ָⷬЦ˼ΪҲתͷУ֣ڻûûôˢ´ҵѵٵһμ繬䣿ʱ
˵Ļ̷ֻͬšüëһԣ֮󣬲磬ʲô뷨ûУ
شˬ죺û̷ֵֵܺǶµˣҲ岻ϻңֻĵطƴǾǣ
̷ͬһЦʵˬˡ
վƽ֣ϣ飬ٴӳɡҪæֶպ̸¶ʵڹ˲ͷؾϸϸΣ
ͷҲվȻ΢ЦЦȴЩˡȻ̷ͬ˵Ǵӳ飬֮⣬Ҳ˫ַôһݼ˽һһֵܣȻѾֵȴԼͬİƣ
ҲԼ֮ˣһЦֵ֣̿͸ǳţվϸǣлԹ̷ͬһֵܣүôˣͲܿӦˣүһĻɣ
ȥΪȴһԲֻɫĿ̷ͬڰü֮䣬з籩䡣
̷ͬǿһЦϺ֣ôˣ
治̷֪ʲôϺԼʥ壬ѵͳһջ̷Ǹ߹ٺ»ˣѵǵ뱧ˣҲȥˣֵֻкȻǣ
̷ͬһѳסϺ㻹ŲңҺγٵˣ
ΪҲҪߣ̷ͬһסˣŭȴԼɿȴʲôǿԬдһţԬĳˣһһСȴصָǱֳųɾĻǰȴˣ֣ڹ˼ЩʲôһΪһ֧ߵ˽죡Ϊһ֧ϻ֧֣ܲ
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Ϊ˵ʲô̷ͬȴǰ棺Ϻ֣һ㣬㿼ǵûУ˴һʵȻ֧ߵ˽յλȴҲ˲ĿոĶ㲻ãΪʵ󵳻ô룿ǿ£ʱ򣬳࣬͢Ҳܲסڶˣ
󵳲ȥҲֻнǵĹУ֮أǽκ;ְɣԴĽ֣ܳ͢˵ǿڷƸ꣬ǣֻп൨ģֱУ泯͢ͺϳ֣ģҲֻôһ·
̷ͬ˵ϯ֮䣬޷˵š
һ߽ʱ䣬һνУڸշתŲһʱյǸ̷øԶһЩҲøһЩ
Ϊ˵ʲôȴ̷ͬĿֻܷȻһ˦ӣãȫİ˺;֣ȣүһҪ磬Աʱ֮裡
ת߳鷿̷ֻͬһ˸ڷУ֣ǵľ㿪ʼ˰ɣҪƣȴҪȴ֪ǣ˭ߵ·ǶԵģ

ܶУ֮ϣһѴεڵȼ͵Ļѻ漫ӳڳɫ𲻶
СӪȫٱͬһֵ¸ʲһ룬ȫװǹϴ̵ŻȻһһװվڶǰ棬ǳǣƶ˱װ˶룬ࡣ·ڳʣһһ£ǾҪȥ
̨ǫ˦ߺ죬ܶžȻһš峯꣬޿ܷٳ·Լͬһڳ˲̬ȡôڡ
ϣѾ㹻˲λˡһòҪЩٶһ£ڲļƻɾû
ǰ棬ͥģȴһ¹Ĵ֪ءϺͶһĹٳ࣬˹İ״ү
УƻĽٱǰ˹İǶֻɪɪȫʪˡ
ش˵ĻԺ¹ٵתһȦǳƽˣӵĵطȫȥһ顣ͬǶû¹ٺ¹ҲšػӱϣֻҪԺӵĵطʲôطģҷҲû¶ǶľΡӣҲϷҴլаٶͬţĵÿģŶû¹ٽ
һһЦ߿ˣӵ㣬СЦˡ
˹ֻǶ߶µĲҽ仰һһ֣վ˱ϡҪѡԸЩͬһֶģֺ
Щһǲ֪
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׼ˣֵ̾Ļִ°ҹͷӪȵƽֳͨͨӹɽӪ컹Ӫִڣ﷭죡
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һĿ⻹ûתϣھЦҸʸӣ͢¶ˡеĻ
һЦЦͷСӪѾһɱڳƴƴľôһڹ˵Ҫı䣬ǵҪ׳󣬿ʳɲɣ
ɣף˶һ
ãȥЩѣĳӣ̹ݣЩڹ˵ͳǽ£һ£ڿʼǾҪʶһ㣡


ʮ ·ףˣ
ʮʮһ¶ʮԽٳ˵ǳ۲۵جΡ
ⳡج֮ͻȻ֮ʵʵڵĸеˡжԿǸһǶôİ裬ʱϤһر𡣴壬ѾеĹ˶ٶ֮꣬ǰͬǣƣǷϣ˴ǶԣѾϰְϢ״̬£ôˡѾˣȭ˺ͷѹµƣȴ˳ߡ
㲻ˣôٶ긯ζҲˣүϰǮү⣡
ǵһ˳忪ǵ赲վ˸ߴȫµ·ʽȫµ̬ҿһеʱǲŷ֣µˮӿʱǺ޵ֿ
ػϣ֪жٴ֮ĸ̣ЩǮһַ̨˦뿪ҪٳһǴһɢصԵ̣»һĳʶ
»Ӯǰ¾޼˵һӮĳһҡβж¶㵽ʱͽ᲻ϣ˲˷룬һˣҲϲᣬøһǾǶһ
һ죬һްţץʱ񫣬ӭǶľ֮ϾͺѵȾ¥ݣÿٶʮֳƣźװ̡ػӵĵͷƣ϶ʮžƱϣҲиô¥ݶЩүԲˣʮžƱһ¥תַúܣ¥¾ͳɡ
ٹԱδıת֣⶯һ䡣ЩػϵŮУһ£ٷֵܵĴԱʱˣƽˣһǮȥ
˭軹ںṆ̀϶֪հ¾޻ˣ
һ֣Ҫӵ˶ʮʱ򣬴һ̣þƵҲ߰ͨأϯϡɢȥʱŶĵĶģεΡҹľתػϴССԢӣݶľͷ
ֱҹ󣬶費ϣȂô½ֱ֮ҹ
˴壬ʢ˸֮Ŷ
ػ⣬һӶӵĽɢ԰ΪλһСֶӡһñժץϣŲԶǹӰ֬ػ
ҲүģȾͷ޷ȥǹٶԺҲôĿŵùٻʵأѲǶү׼żٹšɱ˳ʵ˧ЩٶôÿСӣ֣үõúúźǣ
ҴҸϵΪ˻쾩ǣЩǾͨǿ˴жΪΪټһڶµİ˹ĵ޼
үȫλ·˸ڣҲˡϤͷİָ֪㣡ǲж
˷ܵñֱȷ磬Ŵ˧Ϊ£ôˬ죡Ǽ죬˶쳤ëˣһհ׵ģ鲻죬֪ĶˣҴһӣңһԲǣඣ
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ػӵķʱһȺɫԴϺô̵ǹĻ֮ʿ÷飡
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ӢۣѺĽٱ̲ס߿һۣ
ڵ°ҹػĳϲɨһ顣žǰ˹ĴصˡǸʡǵأҪӭź򡣺ʡԱûʶġֵӣϡϷĵûЩװ϶ࡣ
˹Ҳȥˣ°ҹЩһǴֻǳѣˣһһСӣˡ
ǮͶǮڶôСӱ̫ֻץһƣмҡׯǰضˣδغǸѷѺȥؼҶָİɡ
Ժӵûɶǵź㣬źСϳϷˣ˰ӹŹϱҲûôĻؼҶϱõܶꡭ˵ǲ
ѱֱվڽٱųһȱǰһ˾߶䡣е÷ùҲû߶һͷˡʵЩٶġԸЩ˵ϻ
ػţȫɫ׵Ĵ֮ĸԽǴʬɽѪģΪһһΪǿ󣬸ΪԺΪװ׵δδܺȺ޹ļһܹͬĶ
壬ڷ絶˪Եе£һֱߵڡ֧ǵģҵڼȵԺѧ˵һһִġ
ʵʿǼʹûĻҲ֪ԼӮǹսɵ£һ·յĳݾĽصĿ⣬ҲǼٵ
ǰŵЩˣƨɵУ󷢵УõУϣγܿһһ˿˿Ժ
ߵĽٱǣеڵЦеĭģһ
ɫѾΧϣĿ棬Ѿŷĳϰաһٽһ죬ݳôһ޵ĺϷŹٶǵǱֽкõУӼ˳ˮͽٱҲС˶ڿŻ󾵣ĸٶ󷢣ڵϹ߽ٱҪݣȺоͱһЦ˧δһ֪ӾҪˣ
ЦУЩٶǵԴĵȥ
ĵĴյߣ˧ֶΰץŵô淸ѣܲܰǹ˰ɣ
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ӣڿҿҵģʱͽܻ˶ֱ˳ʱ󲽵ߵ֣վ˱̲סЩп
һ߰ļһǰ٣װʽӾװɱϸϸģϥѥų⣬һȺѩĴ̵ִӵ˲ڸ̸վֱͺǶ̶һϣһ£Σ˵úġ
뵽˹ıȥ͸֣λţѾȫ꣬һٰʮù٣СүڡλŻʲôԸ
ͷһۣʲôԸƨɵĶһӸǣôСͱóˣȫѺߣ𣡡
˹ִսһѹַ̨̨ҲСλ
ֺһܴǴ˧ľ˧ˣһѰѵĳ˺ڻ̧ΣһGɡ糿ߣǿ壡
˹ֻÿЦͷǰһھƬӵĽ٣иᾢǸ˧Ҳǲ·ˡ
СӪٱʱʼѺЩٶǾ׼ߡٶǶ˰ˣʱǰ죬Ƿ̨ǫȺд󺰣ǺôҲǳ͢٣һҪ췴ۼ㣬Ҫ棡
ʱ򣬾ͷһĿⶼת˹ȥͿˮйͨİǲѣײײÿһȺ˴źſ廨ŵļʲͷ󺹵ĸ˹̧߰һõΣǸִӣ˻ߵĴ󺰣Ӳһڰ˱췴ǲǣð⽭һ죬ҪԴ죬ȱð̵ļһﷴϾȥҪӾͰȫӷˣӻҪϽǴ˾ȥ
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ĿҲͶһֻѾСӪĽٱǻһӵǹţٻһǰʮ˲ǹѾ𣬺ڴ̵׼˳ǰ棬ῪӾǼ׳
˶ʱͣ˽ŲֻǿŽڶǹڡЩˣν˵ǱһβǼʮǰûˡľ¾飬ҲǾִȺܡһҲûһǹǺƽ󣬻̭ݷǹһﳭŵļһǴõС߭ߣǰһűֱɱĽٱ˼Ҳ
ʱΧһֱܸ߰
˲ǰϷֽ
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ǽһһѲȫǹԱЩػӺغĹٶǣв©ԱԱһʱܵȡһͼˡ
ּ͢⣬Э»һŸɡһڽʵһҲ÷Ҫͷ񡣿һǳ˺ڽӦôҲвˣ
˾ȲȵˣǸµ⡣ʱ򲻳ͷǸ⣡͢һֻаҪõĶӣһּ飡˭ģ
Ӧ죬һ߰ټҾϳǣȥһ߼֣ȥˣȻٺһ֡ҹͷ˭ڿͷ§˯˸һټ£ʱ׳춡ϡϡ룬վУеȺ󽫾󵱷磬г˱׳ί
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ԺӶƾţʲôдɣ˭סǼīǮô˵ģ
һͲǸöǳ͢أССиֹ죬ҪƷ;ҲҪ͢ղûгּ͢⣬˲һͣǲʹôãɵ
˹ģ˹ġˣﲻɣةةУϾһȥǲǳ͢ĵˣһŵ˰裿һ㣬Ǹ»ɽƤҲʷ˼֮
ϸ磬ֵѧǳ˭ĸطĶ
ۿЩٶҲҪվҶУͷһǹңһˣӶţ
ð죿ǹȥеͷɵˡЩһﻹӲģ˹ԹԶ£ֻڴĿ⿴
ǰѾ㷢ˣ㡭㡭ҡ
䵭ư̬һקӣҲ֪ǲѧġ
ߵϰľǰ棬ʾʿְῪžͻǰһǰ׳Ǿһ·ΪƵģҲ˿ȫ嶼УԤ
һһŽٱǹߣԤŵơ·׳ѽгˣǶ춡˵ǱСɾûֽŵĳ棡ںڵǹŵ룬ڶǹھָǣսϹɱ֮ЩֻȺܵмܵס
̧εĽη˼˵Ҳҹ׼Ϻ֣ڹҲȥɵ󽫾ȴԼϲˡذֻ̧̫̫Ҷδպϣһʱ͹ú滹İһЦ
ͷݵһµúӶԱӣ˴үʲôܵ˼ӣһûнС©ˡȣô磬͢٣֪˭ôǰ쵰ǹˣӺҲ˵ţӳһȥ˾ȥ
һЦ֪ǳ͢޽ƷְԱسҲ˧һʲǰ̲һС˾Ҳǲűġһݣ֪ô
ҡͷѾĿĳˣǰ¾޵Сӣ˵͹̸˶˿ݾбӵľλϣ̫үҵĵͬ磡СʲôݣְǱûűǱ߶ɣôʲôȾûУ˰˷ûУʲôӴ㶼ãһʲô飡
ݣҲ˧߹¾Ǹ˵ˣи˧ʰɽĳʲôͷ⣬ӹҪǲţү㣬Ĵ˾䶷֣
һʹ죬ȫĿˮһ֣˧ĲʹҪȺڹ˵ߣ˭ţջҲǳصģϽģߣ
֪ǸסˣǱǹסٽٱųУǶĹٶм䳯𿪲ʱֻǴ춡վһԴĿš
ŽٵĿ˶ѵУ֪˭ȷ˵һžһһֱ·ҪػˮҪڹһ㣡
ĻУɫҰףҧ㣺ߣ»ȥǱɽ
ԶҲ׳ţˣЦһ֣ŵĴӽٱʱϢı任Уȥ
Сӡ˴˧ĺӥȮ˰ɵóˡֻǡСӣԴ
ˣǴ˧ĵ飬û࿪һǮңҹôʲô꣬ڴ˧һ֮£ǿʼඡ


ʮ ·ףţ
ʮʮһ¶ʮһϷ飬עҪ²ۺܾˡ΢΢ͷβѾȫǱˡˮϻ㣬ֻҪվĵطۡ
ðػЩӣץ˲öٴүѺһ͵˶𣬻·ݵأŶ˳񣡡
ÿ俪ͷǸ֣ǽףƽ΢΢ζϣǵǰȥֻҪһ̸ۣԱת۾Χһˡ²ģ󣬲ǶҪȥſڿ֣ǰæ²⣬˧ҪôԸЩץе
δãϰҲԼԼľãӣҪǰһˡ
ۣѺٹǣҲڶУĵȴǵˡЩùһһһѵķֳɴССʮȦΧšҲûжβǶ̾ۡˮ͹ӹرģصģ̧ԱСϼݡȺУǫ̨̨˹ãλɫ࣬ŭĸ˾͹ȥˣһ۰Ͱ͵ǵıӰ
졭ƾҪǣǣαǣ鸴ʲôǳ͢˵㣬ֺαģٳˣ
˭ĹֻҪûǸӰϲпڣӾ͸ǿףҪǻΥԺӣǡǻĹ͢Ҳֻĵ£˵ӵģͶŲ⹩һʱɱǣڽݻةǧӣһٿڻҷˣ
һٶҲǶˣֱŲӹһˮŻλεֻһˮĶƤǰƣһܵסһΣֻҪһλ棬ܵסڶεΣûʲôͷˣų͢ԸҲҪҾ͸ɴ໻ʡݣҪĲʹˡҪѧѧǸһİ˹ģܲһ·
ٶһǧˣֵ
·ңӲŲ·أһǺ˺ˡˣɸһͶЧŶûУ
ͣ˲ʹһҴСʮˣӶȥݣةһģةҪԸһٲվ
ȥݣȥݣةȻõǣ͵øǲⶼ߬أǶܳϷôţһһɣһʲôԶ㲻ɣ
ֺģƼ÷˰ٶɫľʿһҲûѲ٣Ҷһٶװʶ£˭ҲֲЩƤӵ˵һʲôְ˾ʲôʹֻеһˣų͢ĹٷƷģҲˣžǴԱģüĿʣȡžһµõҪԱҪĻǵԱߣͬһһɫŭŶĽѧ̨ң
ңΨһûĽ˾УĹٶƺĹһҷ׷׵ľҪվѧ̨󣬵λȻ˵ʦһ仰еʱñȷ̨̨õöࡣеĹٶ޳ʦʦѧ⡭
ˣҪΪЩһЩҲ̫ˣ
ߵǰɫֻ˵һ仰סڣʱ򣬻˵ʲôƴ˷
һûü˵ʲôͿǺ춥ԱʩʩȻЦŹ֣λֵ˧Ļİǣ͢͵ĲʹͷӣͲ͸λˣλҲʵ̫԰һЩ
Ⱥһ˾ͺ˳ƵģһҪôǣˬˬ˵ɣˣ̸ʲôӣ
ҲһôˣƤۺڶҲѧһ֣ʲѾһֽȴԼֽ˽ңѧ̨ˣϸԼɣһʲô©ҲòȲǣ
Һ޺޽ӹ漷֣ʲô©һĻǴ˼ˣҲҪϱģ
̯̯֣⻹ɵýϸ磡Ǵ˧ҲλԷ
Ҳٶ˵ݲҪԼЩٶ治ԼվôһһֵĶ̻̻߳ûֵĵùٶǶĽĿЩ˵ļһѵǽӣЩٶЩ˼죬ʶϸһЩݣʱʹвá
һ˼Ҳ߯ˣ
վҲ߰ʮţβϣһֱֲ̲Цȴɫһ壬վĹٶ˧Ķ䣬λһ֧ëʣʮ꺮࿼ġһֽȥǹҲ̫Բλ࡭˧طſ˱׼ǽʿɢݣС侩ţ˴֪أ幱ֻҪ;ζһŲʣʹǱţ˿Ǳ˼ʮ죬ԻΣ´ξٱˣλɣ˵ӣ˧Ҫŵģ
ȥ˼ǾʹεĹһͷˡվһԺӶ쳶ˣ޲мǿҪʹһӲףҹһʹסһҪڳƹͷĶУһԱЩŵļһ˺֮±ȣǵȥˡһȺٶǺŴӦǣæĶ񣬵¾ͿŽң޲Ͼͱͷܡ
󣬽Һ޺һţĶµͷߡŵЩٶǵӣܵǸɿ졣
Уһ°ţЩٶǣ۰Ͱ͵ֻǿǡǰЩһｼ⣬˶˽֮ġ˵˼ô֣˵˻·ûװúģֻ˵ʲôϢҲͶˣٵ϶⣿٣Ҫվ࣬ҪźϹ٣ƤЬˣȱһΡ
ʣµĻٶλһɫȫǾࡣ弾񡣴в㳯ܵĸǾռ˴ѡ⽮Ҫȫӡ̨£˭ô࣡õľǮ˶ӣҲͲں໨Ǯ˶ʹ֮Ҫر庮ˣⷽľԳˡ
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ֻһȺţ񣺡λ˵Ŵ˧λ緹£˶ָܻΣǱȥŸλڿճȱ֣˧Ѿɽά֣й£һӦͣݵ·Ǹλţ˧Ѿۣ͢ӽʼίһȱһװ׵
͵һ˦ӣȺϳȥ
һõپĶӣЩ໹Ǻ򲹣ҪǵطأҪǸ֡һһӸϾҪٳŴ⵹
һ£ٱʱΧЩɵ˵ĵùһƴĸ˳ȥֱܳ˶ţе˻Ĳ֪ʲô顣
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ſҲȫֵİգѼһǱһӳЦʱһ
֪ǸȺж󺰣ȥȥݣ㲻һƴˣЩͶıةҲϣ

һɵӣ»ϸһһĿе籨һᡣԼΡ
ܻĵһʱͷ籨ˣһҹһɨɾٳѾڳ˺̸ڵĽطѵ̬ȣ
»ϴ˵ʵڵģǹ˾ӶࡣҶֻԼһĶֵأֻҪһ̫ҲǷܲȥһ·Լ࣬ӲҪЩ»ͣ
⼸죬»ûһҹ˯̤ʵģһҪʰ˴ûУǶڳ̹һƾֵı¡ҲһӲġǧֻҪݣֻҪһ֣ɴ˴ķôκβݵ»»ֻҪͣĸһģϾǳæӦ»жʱ侫жȹ̵Ļչʵ
һӦöٷһٳİףԲôĵôȹ˵Ļ»˽ľãҲˣһһ£һչĲĳ͢Ӯһʱ䡣ӱ˵»£ǰû뵽ܰ⵹һΣҲưˡĩңһôһħͷ
ڣһ»ƣѵһ·ߵ̫˳ˣҲԴ
ǸԼҪס»̲סǩѺվ֣ģ
ةʲôԸ
ȥ磬ϽƼݣʲô飬ǸŰ졣ѧ̨Ҳȥ磬ʿ𣬶ӣ׼УһٳҪʿ֣ã»ظһκβǣͬʱ潭ٳһλһλ»ԴɨԴ˲ʹģвίģҰǴ˾ҲҪܰ׳ԷдŸǵٶڸʿһҪǿҪǾһҲ˵ҲҪСһˣҰɣԽԽã͢ҲҪˣ
˵𴦣»򲻼Ӱ㵸ĿǸԸµļ˵ڰָͷһĬǡ
˺ôһ»ƽһ飬ʤʵ¾ŵˣ
Ǽ﷭ۣǰһʻһӵ㲻ʣǻùĻش𣺡¾ҹ̣ϴѾݸϴˣ¾ǴױӪ׼ںյִݡ
úúã߳¾ţ⽼ӭʮȥȥ磡
·¥ڴϣӵӵ籨Ƽ˼еɵˣǼҲֻúӦ¡»ƽǩѺȥ
һӵĻᣡ͢͢ǧĳ˿ĹĴϢˣ

»ļ֮ڵһɫɡͳָͷ顣
һڶҪ١ҪǮڿȱ֮󣬸ȶԴӦٲӾҪ٣ҪϽʼµһھˡһոӵܣѾ㹻ľǽӵܳľڵһ֮ڣ١ȱ˵һĴģҲǣ֮λã°ŵСĻ־ͰˡµһλãȻҲóҲΪȻ顣
һҪʶ֮صţҪʲôǣ뵽﷢չЩҪأ
پ٣Ź裬ҪپѡԴЩҪЩǺԴԴӦһҵץٸٶһĿеĵλ档
»ô룬ôӦԣһö룬Сž籾ɡǸ೯͢ʵһû䵱֡Ķֻ֣ʱѣ˳Ӧ淴
ͳֵʱŲ죬ʩʩȻ˳İƣ̸ˡ
ˣСҲ治ʶȤΪԹȥ־أһЦĵ벻⡣
̨ϵɢ˶ǫһˣǫָ±ʹ˵ҪϷңСˣ
ԹԵЦǫˣܵŴһڹȥ˷׵㡣Ҫѧ˹ģһףһܻһýҪλ뿪Ҫȥ㣬ΣһͲƱˡ
˽շ̨̨ܴһ㡣һҲûϵҹѲȻץʡ쵼ǫǻϵһʢڵһ飬һᣬ٣ǲ۲۵ĺֳһγŵĴ죬Ҳõ֣ɴһȰȰ˴ϲ
û룬һ̸ɾͱˡ
չʾûЩһҡ⳱
һվҪ꣬ҪˣǱˡνƣˡ
Ӷȥ߶ƲѻӿѾƮǣһټĴ꣬ǰ
õУĬȻվһ㾴η֮ģ仯˶ʱ䣬ԽԽ󡣹õˮ£һˮ飬һУһƬãУĿĹˣǱһƬްСɽʯͷϳ꣬֡
һߵǰȻǹվñֱ˳Ŵñ»䣬ʪӡУһ˷ɿˮϸһȴ£Լȴܵ͸ʪһվڽǰһһЦŰڰ֣͸Ͻµݸָϡ񣬽žͿͬӰתʧС
Ҳ˳վһ
ˣСӡڻǳﲻסЦЦ˵һ䡣һʾҪ˵ˣ򣬵סģⲻǸ˵¶·¥Ķˣ
Դһ£ݰɡ
ɣ»ٵ죬ʮһ¶ʮ壬ȥݣûôʱ䵢ˣޣȴҪ˺ޱ߻ް
ԣǸۣͨ͢ķʽ˰ɡ
˵䣬һͷͽ˹֮ڣںͳվǶһЦ۰ϭģ¶仯ڼϭģ
ʮʮһ¶ʮһĿνһͨ½һٶ꣬δд˵ȶ˸ߵ¡ͨ£ּʲô
˵һڶʮɨٳ飬һҹ֮䣬³ץסٰʮùٶ;ʮˣһѾǻȥ˼ʮպְˣȫǾ࣬һһʽȫˣҲȳּ͢⣬Ѿְ
ϸ൱Ʒ֮ģһǽ˿֪ͬΣָ֮صѾ;ܻţ˾Ͻ֮;һԽʼ֮أĲһ֮
УһˢΣʼĿںš볯͢ѡ֮Ȩʩ֮Ҳר֮󣬿ɼЧЧնһл£Ч´֮ȣʱֵǧδ֣֮һʶս֮ƣټԱ䷨£֮ڵǰ
͢Ȱ̷߬ͬ볯ΪҽСˣɴ֮⣬Աǰţ͢б䷨֮ġ䷨͢Բ٣ط䷨ԸΪȣ
Ҫ䣬ѾǴʶײ˵еĹʶս½еһۣԲҰճǼǿͷڳ͢ŤŤһʱ˵ڣطʱÿһǣķĺ
ⲻԣһǿ͢ɵȴһʱֻܶɵ֮ĩǿ˷ĺ˶ԣǰһƺ˳ڳıҲǿˣ˭һֱվǰͷ
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һ;ٰһƻᣬ¾󳼵ӣʹᶥԻͣȴһģԺһ˾ʺáܵ˵ΪξƻᣬڱǾͿʼϰЩڶˣ
ձŵ򣬲Ǻ̷ͬǰŵ飬ǿûô⡣ĵľ˴ȻסӢù档ֻͷһЩ˼Щձ´˲ĭЦ˼䡣ڳ˵ЩСһ£ɫ࣬·øƵģ
Сͻеģʵһǻܳɣ
ձʹŵֻ˼
һձ۹Ϊıƽ
Ǵ֣ȹ̣ڶǵλ÷ұ仯в޾ȶ֮仯۹ΪǺƽսס
պ̸ȷδ궫֣֮ʽϸܣ˫Աǿʹ̸ͣọ̈̄ƽ̸С
ġ۹ں̸֮ǰٹһģκҲκθı䵱ǰ֮ٶϣر֡
塢κ̸۹ٲĸȫȨٲ֮۹
зúôĦһ̷ͬͬڣձڱżӣ̸ô̸֮СӰˣɻżӡҲܷ컹Ц˼䣺ȳסСӻԶҸ֣͵ɢˣԱȥ̸ʽһһ۶Ŀ٣ϣǣǰסãǾǶãǣòǿǮ
죬Ȼ˫ԱӴǱ񣬿ɶÿϸ΢ĩڶҪۺôһ󹦷Ӵһ˭Ƚţ˭ţλΰţɻû̸ءþˣ࣬ģ賿͵ϳ˳ӣְݿִ˼ĶϷеֲ˼
̷ͬûôɣκ̸Ծ̨һֻܰãܰҡܵѼõֵձϲҹж˵ڴʱʱһҲ൱ձϣеձơΣȴĶȥҹ¶ֻͥ
·߲ߵأ
ӣձʹģʹŵ£ˮһ㻬ֱһƪϭķ

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ҷ׷׵ĳ̷ͬң̷ͬסأ̷ͬסĵطҲȿҾҲϵȵģ򺣹ص̷֪ͬɣõһС¥̷ͬߣֻôȵʹˡ
ҹ̷ͬ鿴ˣҲһЩ·ϴűһô˳Ҳ΢΢е㲻졣ȻǿΪȼͬҲ˵ʲô۾Цλ֮磿ձʲôˣٲ֮۽ܣôסɣ
Ϊǰ棬üǵɫһط̷ͬǰ棺Ǹֵ˵ЩʲôȻǰҪɴĻ֮أȻԳɾ棬һߣ˵ʶµ˼֣λֵܵı⣬ڿҲʵ̫ˣ
̷ͬһҡҡԴǰһصɫڵλͬǰڼˣһëշһѣ˵Ŀ£ǵϸϸĿ
ԽɫԽǳء¸ֽò
Ϊ̷ͬӷ֣Σֵܴǰԣ䶼˵˰ɣȴҵҪǸ㣬ҪվסŲҿϺѾһгֱʲôǸ㣬¿һҪʾ
˵Ȼû뵽ҿϺһһ֮⣬޸֮Ȼλ˧мӣϧϧλȻʶˣȴʶƣҵڣӻԶӣ
ΪҡͷԵӣ̲ס͵͵ҡͷʵ벻ףһôϿΪһһڵݵλҪ˵˭ˣ˭ڰ˴Ǹ߿Էһۡ
ȻΪ̬ʵеǸһо仰û˵һڳ̬Ѹ¡̷ͬһϵǳһҪʾҪվˣ
뵽˾뿪Ȱ̷̷ͬͬȴҡҡͷֵܣҲݣĦҵˡȻе㣣ɵûġѵһ˵ǾͲˢˣø֮øʩ֮䶼վ˵ϣ
̷ͬ˵ͷ΢΢ͷйĻģ֮һ˾٣Ȼ㣣һþ࣬öٶ˰нкˣ¶ڿһ˸ߵط˵ѧ˭֪ڳ͢˻һ֣ʵһӲӲֻίȫиʹӣֻҪһһʱа취룬Ҳܻһάס档
һںˣ͢ЩͬձͲƵ¶ܲѧԼͷר´Ʊ䶯
һ˾٣ƺֹһ壬ȴƴƾֵľֶΣЩˣȴӦźã
һжҪϽҪϽҪóֶΰ취һ֮⳱ȣϾ͢໹һƣǶٶĴ֣
ǾƾǣƾЩǻҪĵ۵ټϺЩóʲôֶΰ취̷ͬѵǿһɣ
뵽ȻЩ΢΢Ƕ˻ǴˡϺҲδزҵһ·ɣ
ǲ˵ʲôΪȴǵͨ죬վ벵̷̷ͬͬȴ¶ɫǴҪӿŲ̸£ץ²˵ˣ࣬óõϢǹǿԣٱǳǰ̷ĳҲֻǰѣ˰׼ñҪݻˣձտʼ̸

Ӣ硣
֮ձĴ˹˾һùݡרд֮ձٹˡٲĵ˵˴˴
ſھɭϣӢ統֣Ҳ൱Ѳάְȫʹŵкʾٲϡ⼸죬ٲһֱǷڶ¥ԣ˭ǿʹ˱ǸУ˸㲻ףλ۽ܣ̸еģġ
ʹڲ˶֪ٲ岻ˡ
ձӾÿµӣϷһϰεһΡס֮ÿվͻĻ˯ѡֻҪһ˰ѳϵĴ򿪣˶պűӾ϶˭Ҳ֪ڵȴЩʲô
Ǿٲ˲֧룬ȴ˭ҲΥ˼еϣĬݹ᾵ļͷƺ֧ձȫϣ
ᱻƿһԱſڹľʮȾϹ¡ͷɽˡ
ٲӵϣֻССһš棬ͿһԱæĳȥסٲɤŶȻǳϵʮ㣬ֽľ񣬲֪ûϿˣ
ͷɽͷɽ
ſӰһȴͷɽһй˵޲۹ӣųƤһҵʵˣ󻹴һٱӡٲӣҲٲ㲵ӵһٲڣʮﶼ֪ûˣ
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֮΢ֲòȥȡ
СˣĲļѣˡ
ٲĿ⾼Ŀͷҵæ߽ȥؾصͬͳһֽ˫ֵϡ
£ȵˣһϣȻ֮ͨʽۡ࣬Ӧüˡ
ٲϸĽǳֽһһ飬վ𣺡ʮ꣬ô˶֣κҲգɽڳٿٺһΰɣ
нʯ֮вį֮⣬ͷɽ亹Ȼðһ㣡
£
ٲվñֱϷųɫĿͷɽһۣͷɽʱǴˣûʲôŲôˣңʱŻߵлᱲ֮Ҳ
һЦԸȥ׼ñҪװȥݻӢʹ

ݡ
ӵǰĴҲƵֱݳǡЩﶼһҹյĴ磬ϵϵֻҪеݵģ˭ЩҹղǶԶԶġһţݳ˾޴Ĳ
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ٶ࣬ݳͷǷǾȻˡֵģŵģ鲻ýõġԺεԴ׵ġÿһطӣ»ȥЭ͡»һ㣬ڴһšһһɣ
⼸죬Ҫǣֵúͽǵ籨ʿд磬Ҫͳ͢»һȦϣҲˡϣݹٳɹѹû˯»ǰܺд˵ãֻҪֵ´ŵļٺдϣԼûʲôرҪֻϳ̾ص»ҲһҹԵʱ࣬²ʱ١
Ըһһ飡
˻ﻰ⣬ٲһ¶Ŀɣ
ﵽʱϸǿžһûһ˵Ų˻ûѾˡ»ĸˣɤŶһǻةүةү¾ŵˣ¾ŵˣ
һǹӳȥԶ޽Žžʹ˫ĵ»촽䶯ȴһ仰Ҳ˵
»ȴαϣ˫Ŀ£̧죬૵Ĳ֪˵Щʲô
˵ʵڵģڳ·¥û֮ǰһýֱݣ»һԶˡʵ»ԸһǾɵҲûһҪͳ͢ģǴƣ֡ʱԶδʱֵó̫ѿˡӶûˣװһʲôֻǳΪģ
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»ָ˹۾ֵĵͷȥ׼ҽӭ¾ʮ
Ҳȥҳˣ¾һŽԱ߸͡
»ѹվһ¾ǵˣҵҪǱǲǿ׼˻Ҳúһ˰ɣ

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ĴɤŶԺʹ˽ŻĴʹ͸Ͻš
ڽµң𾩳С¥ˮ鿣ԶķӣԺҲСɵúܡʹ˳СѾͷڱعѾ͸ӶûУڽѡĽྻӰÿ
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Ų߽СԺӣˮ׸Űض«ưҨ˰ưˮһ¶ǣ
ҧһ룬Ľӣ־ȥš䣺СӣҽˮˣֶҪůˮô˭㣡
Ӵģź޺޵Ķ䣬ޱ߶ƣԼʵϵܵܣôˣڶֵŻؼһΡôˣ˧
ЦˣҪŴ˧Ҫ죬͵ȥݣ˧ǣǻؼҹùáϽ㣬˧ܾܵǸµ˵ҲܵǾˬ죡
ȥݣ־СԺʯʣ׼£һ仰ֱ
ǽѲ»ĵ̶˧ôȥǵ壬иᶯģ»Ĳڣʲôͷ
һЦ˵үһҹץٰʮù٣ס˽ĵ¶¾üɫĽ˵һ飬ȫȻɫԽԽס
Щٶ»Ƕܣ˲ٵģ˧ߵˣ»СӾգỹǽа壡Ǿ͸һΣһأ˧Ѿӣͨ£Ҫˢ¸ˣҪ»иöϽ㣬ܵǰûϢŰɣôҲһͳƣ
㡭հ¾ްֻĬĬţ֮󣬲˵һ䡣
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ҧҧϸ׵ݣһޱߵͷߣܵܣҪȥ˧
۵һһ¾˵ϣ춯֮·С˫̥ˣһٶһ·ſ̽ͷ̽ԣ浽׷ʲô顣
Ͻ㣬ⲻǿЦۡ˧ɲϷүһŮȥôһ飿˵ˣȥǸʹǸʲôòţ
һЦЦȴ֮⣺ϽΪ㡭˱žһŹӵĿɹܵܣһΣһ£ɲɣ
ᴵ΢΢ţһ̡
ȴҰ׵ý͸


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й
ڣ򻪽һլ档
լ˱ǳ«ε̳Ȼ󣬿լӵװϾһЩƫƫңղԯô൱꿿Żϵ񷢼ҵĹǵʽլҪ˰ѡ
լΧһ϶˴źӧñӵĲСղҲѡԱΧȥȥӦûͣʱϵķѣеĸһˣʣµģдеĳţ˭ģǰһ֪˲ʹã뱨Чӵľ֪ж١ƺƵԱʮߺţ⼸죬Աϵ꣬ձЧ˸߰㡣
ʱ磬ſѾǳˡȻԱٶ࣬ʸһסղԯģҲͶʮˡңھõĴС¾ٲǺү׹ӵܡǰ˵ϻġ
ݣ࣬ŹطݡһлЩ׽Ա˭ǿϳصģģӼݵ˾һһΪȰӵȥͲ֪˶Űŵǣ۾Цϸˡ
̳ҵʱͿ²ɵҴҸǰ浹Ҳж̣Ҳղݡ̷ͬղʹ򲻰ݿͲٳǽ顣ˣ㡣ٳ̷ͬȶȣһͽ˵磬Ĺٳ֪Ƿһ۵飡
ǰ·ĳ̷̵̫࣬ͬĶְ𣬴ղ󳼸ʹ̷˵˵Ȼرܣ
ֳӽͷ˶̽ͷøָĿ²ɵش󳵡
٣һˣ̷ͬҲ
ְּ͢Ҳ˰ɣ
Ҳ˵ų͢һҲǳԲ̲ˣһ̷ͬҲ˵ͨһѿ
ſڵȻҲ̷ͬղʹɵ̣ɫһ䡣ҲͽӵһǶų͢ĵͷһˣãһ߸Ͻ͢ȥ磬ʾ취һ߷Ըˣ̷˶ȻҪݻģһ糣̷浽
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̷ͬһûаʵֻλˣ泬Ǩסģ֮죬ֱ֮µ
̷ͬǶɫֻ΢΢е㷢סΪ̷ֻ֣ͬ΢΢ЦͬһĻȴֻҡͷ
ⶥ˺üɤӣЩ·ȻûŲġ̷ͬһЦ⼸·߹ȥɡ
˵žţ³˿̷ͬȻһЩȻ׷תͷȥſΪҲ³Ŀһɨ̷ͬΪڴˣϸˣǺֻв죡Űɣģʲô³
ĴԣʱһƬۡ
ǿΪһڰӰˡ
һָܱһУͨˣһԸˣ͢˵ϾҪã
ͽгˣ͢ҽأָôš˶ȥˣһⲽģм󣬳ʣ˸һ̳ͨ
˵ôҹǰɡ̨³Σûء
۷׷׵ʱͿղѾ̨ף֣𿪣̷˿´ˣ޷ôģ𱰶֪ˣ
ȺʱȻÿεͷߣһʱ˺˻һ·ЩѾϽӭ˳Ц̷ˣˣүѾڽ׵Ⱥλ
̷˶һۣ½ͽղԯûߵţͿӰλѾ˶󳼾࣬Цվڵˮǰ
峯Уôһӭģûм
̷ͬΪҲ̷ͬƽ񣬸ҪΪͥΡ󲽾̨ףһץס̷֣ͬͷ˵ˬ죬ڳ͢ءãʲôС˽ͷӣ˭ȥǣ˵ʵҪ˵лЩͳĻˣ͢ȻˣϷүͻ϶ʥҪʼյģ
Գ鸧ο̷̷ͬͬǵĲΪ⣬ֻǳֿĿ죺үЩ˵¹ٵûʲôҲ׷̸ֻҲϲˣ˴һԴ˶£ҲǱ޲Щ೼ӷ̸ܽ뾡Ҵרڣˢ³٣ЩǴ£¹һ裬ʲô
۹һЦǺǵ̷ͬļ򣬲ûнĻֻǿſΪλǿˣֵȻͿ׽ּ͢أҪֵܽϸȥһᣬһᣡ
ΪҲͬ˸񣺡ˣѧʥ
ЦŴǫĻһһǣ˵־ͳߣߣ˵̬ˣǵø³̳λֵܲʹŵѣ

뿪ҲЩʱˣҲͲڽӪк͹ٱͬͬסʳ״һÿ糿Ǽֶ
Ҫ£͵ͷʱѡ˶ȻͷԾͻѺܶࡣ˵ˣÿ𣬻壬ҲĥԼ־ء
ԼͲǰǸС
ÿ뵽ԼںܳʱڣҪǰǸʱɢһ̲סе˴ꡣ
ŵУܴȦѾ͸ˡһǰͷżʮͬŰ׳µĸʲͷƤѥôʯУڶصһֶ峿İ
Ŀӿ棬˻ֻеͣ½ŲһߵУУģһ׶ȭȭ·嵱ܼҵʱġȭǱȭУϽҲ֡һһļѾеӣ׳µ£ҲǹĹĵļ⣬ȻƫݣǱɹŲԭ޸֮Ϻģȫһˡ
ȭŵĹëһӹһۣСӣϢһ죬ô͹ģܲ棬񣬷Ը¶ת۾ڱļҸˣˣ̤ʵڽŰɣ
͵͵һһֹһһ񺮣¡и㡭
û˵꣬Ϳڴһ۹Ĺٶҡҡڰڵ߹ԶԶһʹк˧ͷǳˣ
·ŽǳκܾƵġ
ģȻǰ˹ġһѻ̵ֽͷŲġٳĶѾһΪȻûйҲûеȥ浵ľУһֵµĺڹٶڷ̨ǫȻ뿪η潭ϺͱһεЩλһʱûȥʱʮ֪صİ˹İүڽҲλȨأһˡ
ˣ״֪Լ˭Ҳ֪һôģõٶùٶַôۣȴίȱȥЩճĹλҲһ
ôһк˰ĻҲ˵ڣګګ˵һߡһںͰ˹ĵͷӹ·ԹԵĴšߵǰһЦģû׵һֳʲôӳˣ
ҡҡԴЩû˼úܣʰ״֪ɣڹǣ
˹Ķһ͹ˣ˵ɣ˹ȴ󺹡һۺ⣬ӧñ⴩˾Ⱥֻǰ׳ʽͷƤѥĸʲǰҲøúܡһ棬Լˣͷɲã
˵ڽȫһǽˣ˱࣬нӪֻҪλ룬άΰ
ԽԽ衣ܸãٳʲôӣ˹ѵ
ںһĿԽɣϱԽ࣬ŵĶҲɪɪزҲҪˣľͲסͷ˧˧ְܣϾѾͷְ󵨣ȥ˺ˣҲûһرһ־ȻǶǣЩСʳҲˡǱʲô磡ְѾȥˡھͿŴʳ꣬ǶǿŰ壬ҪҲ
Сʳꣿһһ߲ĺһһ䡣
ЦŽͣգٶÿװѲյģЩͷβС꣬Щˮϻǽǰһ벻õ⡣ЩС꣬ǴӴЩ̺͵ЩС̸ˣ˵вһһţ׼ô˧һء
գͲ׽ǣͲˮҲ⣬ûǲóˣ
ҵĴ˧ɢ˭֪Ϣô죡˵ˣʿһ壬̣˿ֻҲ˷ˣýǣ
˵أǺһӣ˶һЦ
Ҫ磬͵ùˡǶȥûУ
ȥˣˮҲ׼
һһЦ͸չʾĻᣬܲҪ죬ǰӾܿﵽŶԴ֣ʰȥݣѡԣʱ򣬾͸÷ʹʹˣ
Ű˹ıŵĽֻۣ˺÷飺̸ܣʲôʱˣͲ֪»»ΪܵҶ֣㱱߶Ǹ͢ҲϣһҶڱ߶ˣκ̸ɱ̫ˣ
ֽǵµ£϶飬ֻʲױӪʱ׼Щһʵھᷳˣ
һ߿ʮʲӵȥѥƺý˹Ƕİ˹ĵסһ̬㹻ѷΪ¾Ǻ̶̽Ӵ죬˹ľ;ԼȥһжԴ֪һıĸ˵һˣҲܴӴ̶ðͷһҡ֮ϣ
ѵ˵壬Ѿȫʱˣȫµ޵ֿ

̷ˣ˼ͳּ͢⣬Ҳǲıϡ߶ǷܻͿ̸ˣ
콫̷ͬӭ鷿֮󣬾ɫø˵ôһ仰
˼ȴ̷ͬȻһһֱͦ˼ˡ
ģڰ֣˵̷ˣ֪ԻϣԴĵġϱ߶Ҳ֪ҪȻΪʲôҪϣΪʲôҪ⸱̯ӣһһȻҲھǣҲ֪ʲôӦһˣʵ˵ɣΪˣΨһģǸģ鷳ʱʱ̣̿Ҫһ治Ʊϣ
һ֮ķ͢ڵѣǹʺһʱð֮踡ǡһأڱ߶ֻǶһ֧ưһ֧ټɽһ֧Сձһ첻̸꣬һ츹֮ܵ٣һߵôˬ죬δҪ͢ѹ
˵ʵϵãںͶ̸ͣϲˣˣͷ˵ɥĻ͢ձӺˣר֮£Ҳֻܱסߵľˣס̫Ĵ֣Ϸ޷ѾãҲ˲ǵ󳼵ģһײһӰɡҪڰ¾޼ң˭Ը£˭˵˰ɣ˰ɣ޲۾һ˰ˣ
˵óʹҲ˵ʵڡʱĳţ˭֪´©磿һսҪһͻ𣬴峯ͷ֣ԼĶԱɥʧˣרԱȨϷάס棬ѵľߡȷľߣĩʮĳִ͢Ҳ׼Цٳ
̷ͬȻվ𣺡ˣ͢Σ̷ĳлá¹ٺһȷֵͬܣһһ䱱һ̷ĳҽףΪʱΣǲŸҪͳһӳպԼüȨһֻ֡ҪȨڣһͲҶ˼ڱ棬飬һɵȻ̣ܿҪİˢֻҪ͢ǿˣһҪ͢Ҫֻʧƣʱͬ˰ˣ
̷ͬ˵öžѪӶ˳ȴǾԼѾ˵λˣΪά棬еʧ󳼷ء΢Ц룺ͬǣͬˣ¶ǽ˵󳼾Ҫջᣬ̸̷̺˺Ϳ˶ԱһжҪжλ֪λиʲô³ûУ
̬ȣ̷ͬĿеˡŻеǻ飬ȴ֪δȥı
³̣޷Ǿձȫ泷ʲһһ䣬ձ⳥Ҵ˸ʱƿѣԹ塭̸ֻǲõó֣ס£
ˣҪЦЦֻ˫һϣӷҪ̸㻹Ըλʽ̸ʱʼһ֪ͨλ㾫˳˳ͷӰʹ
˵һ룬Ŀ⳯ʾһ£ĳѾӸߺͿ͡Ϳ̷ֻͣҲһǡ켫ǿһֱ͵˶⣬һֱĿ뿪˱ӰʧһЦ
̷˽Ųص뿪ղԯ񲻹鷿һ̸ʸֻǡ̷ͬǳӭȥͼеʣΣ
̷ͬǿһЦϾҪʼ̸Уˡὣ֮͢⣬㲻صġ
˵ҪȴһֻץסͷһǿΪ̷ͬһ÷ԵĿΪϣȴĳĬ
Ϻ
֣㻹ôҪץʵһһۣǾΣʵЩһУҲʩûô͢Ѿ׼˴˺;֣ס棬סϷү֣֮˴㣬ǻ̸ʲôڹȴ㸴
̷ͬһ±˳ѹ֣ίŭ͵˦˿Ϊ֣ȻͣȴȫǷϺ֪ץ֧ˣټôһôں̸ֻףܣ㲻Ҫ˵ˣ
Ϊ˦֣סЦֻλֵƵ㲻òץ˱֣ԾˣҲᣬŰɣ
ΪҲﳤȥղԯſڻδɢȥĸɫ˵ȣſΪӰָָ㡣
̷ͬȴԺֻǷڲݡ
ְ֡壬壿ȡһ־£һһȥôôȷѡĵ·ǶԵģҲͬţҵĵ·ûдȨԾٹһˢĵ·ֻķѣ㻹治Ȩ


ʮ ·ףʮ
ڹʮĩĽǣĿϾӵı仯һĻһĻȥʮϰߵһʼѾʼһȥͷˡ
һɳЩɨػӵӡ浹£ЩһϳϾǾꡣ˼û꣡
ڶ𣬽ͷдССĽ֣иָҥԷ״˵ʲôĶС
˵һɱǽģĶĶ˾͵һ룬һ·ǲ
˵һǷģһԳ͢ĵĹٶڶ͵ó졣ҪǮҪôձأ︳ÿĶҪһƽ۾Ƕߣ칫ѣĺֽŷѣϯһÿĶҪƽӣЩĳǮãѹ˼ͷģһҪ췴ҪˣһҪӱ
ⷽҥǴûģԭϰһϰԼӳǾ˼жԶҥԾͶôˡҪǣ︳ҪǣֵٳҪֵٳ壬ǶҪ˰
Խ˵ԽģԽ˵ҲԽ档СϰԼ죬˵еʶ˾һЦ֮ھͷ˵ΪģЩǰ֮ٲȻʿүоЩɵ˵ĶţҲǿĭɣ˵ĻѪԡ
ҹٶ꣬޷֮˴˧Ҳǿ̽д˵ܶ裿Թд󹦣ƣıԴûбӣҲûУ治ĪΪҽϰգܹ꣬Ⲳ죡
Щϰյû档ԴӹӽлôЩһҲ֪峯ҪܶԭһЩ治ĻҲ͵͵ˣʲôʮգζѪ֮ġÿʷһһʵڲŶӣϴ϶ʲô޷泶췴Ҳ۲飬ʱǽϰؽ֮࣬Ϊ̫ƽȮĪģ
ҥԴţҲʵšǴѾϧۣͷβСʳ꣬ǱףѰѲ⣬ܵס죿֮ʼʳϡϧۼϰȥţջĽ;ǣҪ׼ҥҪá˧䣬ǵﲻá
Χأǵʿġҵ¹仧˴ҵһӽΧȻǱİƵ󡣲ϣԸũСҵӶ࣬޸ǴǹҵȻΧﶼʿģ֪ʲôȻҲͲˡԶһЩСũ׬ǮҲ˭ôԶף
ʳһȱȻĻ̡̻ʮһ¶ʮ죬İǾͷ֣ſΧ궼˰ţ꣬һЩͷԵС֣ҲҼҶ˰ţ϶˽Ĵǳף˼˵÷
ǳ͢ĽԱǳ͢ĸĸ٣˧ΣѳʣԹ֮ƾԾȻСҽ˧д治֮£
˧·θ΢ǡ࣬ڻ¡ӦСˣ͢ƣةƾ˵£˧һղȥСˣһղƣһղ˸λȫǰУڽҵȰգֻо㰸˼ͷ
һ磬棬ҿ˹Ҷߣǲֻɫٰ״һҿŵĵطȴҲšǽﵱеСͷԣҲŰӹʯͷסţһףǧҪʲô飬طһȵùĻЩˣ
ĩ֣ϵػӷ¥ˮšԲʮĽƺһѣֵĵطг̴վ˶м䣬ָֻţĭɡ˼һҪԷҪ̫ƽӣҾλǮһԴ棬ƾҪҪǽǰղ
˵Ҳ֣سʲôⶼŶӻšϰƳüĽһѰһõֽλݳǶַµⲻ˶һ䣬ϰƲˣ͵͵ĵЩԿǵ˼Ҫǣ˭ʱţѧ̨ھԱһ׼̧ȥš˼ҵǮǳصģϸһ仰׾죬ȥͶװɣ
˺ʱķӦ˶׳ŵȥΧͷصĿ׳࣬ͳûͷӬʱŰ˹ĵĸ˲࣬Ҳȫ˶׳ͷ¶ﵱУǵӰ
פӪɽʱ½ӪҲֻ𣬷ɢ֣Ǯֿ֣⣬ͷûаҪҾֵ˼ǿصĵطһӶӽǹѾ˴̵䱸ɭϡߴ̽Ӷ˭Ҳ֪ǵǸʲô˼ѵһ޲ߣԽֲˣ
ֻжϿգ죬ڸ߸Ʈ
һȴʼû¶档
ֵ˲ɿĵزһõӡѾʼˡٵϣһС¶硣׷׵ĳͷӿȦ棬Һġ
̫ûдƫͷӿ˼Աţһųɫ¡ͷǰ˼̧Ű̧˴µͤȻʮڵλЩԱϵСС㣬һҡڵľͳŶǰȼˣɤŶȻǳĴ
۴飬ۣ⽭ǡԾ̫֮ƽ˼ʮ꣬Ҫˣȭ£ֻжɱɱʲôʱˣҲͻͷˣ
ٶôһޣǾ춯ءôһ룬·׷ӿơĸطҲٲ˺֣µ˾Ҳ˶棬ǰͷޣҲɤŶ¡˶ԽԽӿžͳŶȥ쵽йʱͷѾ飬ƺǵ˶
ƣһƬڵеİҲܵȾǵ󡣶ʱ;һίб൱ĸȾŽ⣬Ī⡣ôϷεݣǵ˸߳󣬼иųǰе˶ſɤŶ˧Ҫǽһ˵

ѧ̨ˣѾ˶ſڣ
ѧ̨ˣͤͷڶſձǰ棡ЩƤӹӲţһ˺˿ǹˣǹͷи羢
ЩǹһִͲǹҲӳţƳγεģϳһֵĸںŵǷ磡׼ģ
һַرν糱ָӲڽ֮Сѧ̨Ҳûٷһװ˼аһ硣ڵźϸһС
Χٻ˼ʮλٶ𡣶ɫ΢΢Щ׵̬չ
ǹˣҲʦݣһúúãǹ͸ˣǳǰӿʮһֿ
Ҫˣڳɫ͸ӵĲ԰סһۣһˮӵĹٶ˵һ䣺ʦǴи̨¸һ
Һݺݵĵһ̨ۣףػӣһ̨£ƨɾͰ㻹ǽĽͣҪҪʰɱǣپҪȶ㣡
ǵùɫæĵʦԺϡͷС׼ˡһûгʳĵ
˵žһ̶˳ȥһģ˹ֳŽЦѧ̨ˣֶģĶӣûǳǹĵΧŰɣԵõģǰˣÿÿ죬ʮӵѣʣһ֧ż죡
ǿһЦ̣˴ˣ͢ҲûһĹֵ˵ӵĻһҺùˡѳʶ̰ʲôˣǿҽʿƼң͢ǻȥ׼ϡˣһһȥλ֣ίһˣȫǸλ֣︳ضճ䣬˵ʮҲڻ£λгɽ֮־֮أ͢ʿ֮
͢׼ȥ֮أҲ١ǽΣһܷȥλǿǱǼϵǣܲܳţ˭Ҳûաһ壬һôٳӣʿӣҲ£ҲչʾһԼĴڣôһּۻֵۣˣҪ̨ʱһмǮ̸ˡ
»ǵȫ֧£ʿҲ־һúöһ
ҵĻ˵꣬ΧȻһ䳡֮󣬲һʿɵǰ棬һǲǿǹԲۣҲǳǹȥġҪǻȥ濪ǹɱΧѧΣ
˸ӣҲ˶˵ĸ֮赶ǹһûôλ򰲣
һ۴ϸһƣǳ͢ϣһѾĽշ̨ǫһ̴磬ݽ֮䣬糾ֺͣݡӰһʡǸ
»ͽ֮䣬Щܵõ˵ף˼ܵӼϧܵݵˣҲԸٻؽţ֬๩ţαڽǺһģǼǫе㵱ӪĹԸ³е
䣬һǼһܵݾֻ˳̶Ҫڽݵλãû뵽ǴӣдТ֮ģةѾ³͢һȼĺôҵ
ӣĵѪԣˡִˣֵһ仰ǲĵݣǲǿãҵȴ˴£ǿةǿһóȻѣ
ǫһЦ¾ţܱڲݳǣ£һɫǹȫʱŸǻģ¾Ӫױǳϵ׳ǳнֹβãֵҪһԣأ

ةϲةϲǣѾѧ̨׵磬سǶ̧ƣΧ˶ǰչ֮ʲôôҲͷڹ꣬ڶ𲻸ҳڶ棬ƻͨͳԵˮڶŵĶһݶ²мˣһΧ
żˣüɫĹڵϱȻǩѺ棬ŵĶݵˣŶϲɫּӶӴ죬ָȥˣԸûʲôӣٴҵµķǮûģ
仰ȴ˼͵͵ͶĮֳ̇ۡ䲻м»ȴɫֻǷȥĿֽġ·Ⳮֽϣܿһ㡣
ǩѺյ͵յλεģ϶һƬϲɫֻһߴӢͦľ٣˫üŨᣬ罣˫ַϥĬȻŶƷٵĲҲˣǲ֪ôģٷϣܾеƵġ
ߣһʮ٣춥һɭɭ˫ۻᡣҲˣʡͳе·ͳ·¥ɫҲ粻סһۡ
»ĬãͻȻһЦų·¥¾ţһɥĲ񣬸ڳ͢ǹ¾а䲻ô
·¥ϺһһҧһӷְȻվ𣺡ة˵ӵĻһδظɥĲһ⣬ģҲӮǧסݣ¹ٸҸةдƱһһݣ¹УסһԼˣ
ⷬ˵ÿǳ·¥ǳλܱơλܱ˵üֶûжá·¥˵ɲ꣬һҲ⡣лϵˣҪ뷭̨Ҫʵץס⻹ʲôǿڳ·¥ܱе˼ɣʱƱǿӹλȥʧƣӣ
ºȻôӢһֶǶΣȻһѳʵ
»һЦȴλܱţÿɺãһˣԭҪسѹһ°͢飬òˡ
ܱɫƺϼ⽩ӲЦֿڣҲǻةȻ˸¹پ͹ةˣ飬¹ٲ˵ֹ͢¹ۡȻةҪ¹ٵȱסݰȫ¹ͳȥ÷񣬽ӦӪͷֻҪةԸһ¹ٵȲҲҪݣձס
һ仰˵·¥Ҳվ»񣺡ǣҪة¹ٵȥˣة°
»ЦŻúܣһֱͳ˶棬ܱ嵶ֱԶĺһԹݣûи̨ٸ»ͿͣҲ˱Ӱ¾ŵǺܹ˼ܱ
»͵һЦ˶ʮӣܲ˼ôȻҵУ¾һëͷС뿴סǧˣٺ٣ٺ١
δ䣬»ȴֳһͬӰˣȴվ˳ߴδӵֵеǰ˶Ѿ£ȴȻ߰ͷ­Σֻأ
ٳ૵һʲôֶӦη糱أ
·ΪвƵģ»쵱жݺݵļʲôֶΣҪǹҲ¹УҳӣҪһһߵڣܶΣվϷ磬ˣ뱻ȫƶתҲŲԶˣһãǵӣһӵҪƣ˻ڲһߣ

ǣš
ʮյƣձǰĿյյ硣
СӪѾϾɳǹڶ棬ɽ˺ͤڵУΧһƬơЩԱǰͷȫϰաЩòԱǻиǺǲʱȥͤͷǧϰȴЦЦ֣ͰϡͷС͹˾зݶҲ˻𣬲絽ָ״ԡ
ٱĬȻŶͤٿɽ˺ŮİաЩѪսйĺӣֻЩЩòĶӣصúܣԽһǸཫﵱɴϷгԵĻƣ
ȫһҲġԼҹգܶǹֲǶŸӺСӡ
ڶڵĸʲΪ˷һǹӵǿǹϳ˵߻ǹӵͷжġ
СӪĴӪžñֻŭͷ
Щ˲ٵڱɿҪ£ĲǣֻҪ˧һ£ȫǴҲҪЩ˵ѳڰǣֻҪ˧ͽˣǾȻܷҼ飡
ʱ佩ԽãԽĶǷꡣ⵽׵ʲôʱǸͷýһȺС˵ıﲻܳһǸʲô¶˧еˣѵΣҲû취ˣ
뵽žһԼһǶ⣬ִࡣ߼ʿĿغԼλãʲôƣ
¶ģͳߣƴŰҲҪҴ˧ø취ΪǹŻղŽģ
߽żͿһʲͷµ˼粢߳СӲſţҪȥĶ
Ҵ˧ȥ
˧ϴ˯ˣĶȥլ͵ӣ㶼࣡
˧˯ˣžñǶǴ˧иž֪ΪʲôһһɫճԣһҲƽ˧Ǵô൶ɽ𺣣飬ֵˣʲô
鲻ǸӣһСӼʲô͵͵һ䣬ʲô飬飬ǽ󴳽꣬ɲó磬˧Ҫһٵ׶棬˳ȵվסŸЩһǴ˧ʸҪɱǷҪһȥݣ»СԺûˣͺòã

ҹɫУһվ鷿̨ǰ棬ĬĬ涯ҡͷĵĶְٲĶǶ£Ǹ˼һ


ڶʮ ·ףʮ
صһ죬ϵȻúȼպ󷢳ĽԻɫ̴ӿһɿƮȥ
ԶߣڽϣȻʮ
Ǳٽͷ˰忨ԱĿǰһӴĴӡʮССĻ֣ϺˮֱϽ̾ܵĻλʮŲͬҷĻ֣еĴ²߰ǧĶλֱͷֻջš
ҲǴͷˣÿ֪жٴͣ»ִִɵĴӣһǼʮ֮࣬ƺѽ֮䣬һģֳ棬ټ
˰忨ʦүίԱȫˣͷСҲȺȺΧſֵô֣󹬴ͷȴճһ첻óԣ첻ôøɻǵøɻ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼһôִڳĸ忿ͷһֻڽˮêŲλճԵͷСվӴĴǰȻ˾Сˣ
ͷϱһЩϱ׵ߺæĽӲջִҲûﻹûһľءô࣬ǿʮλˮԱͷ˾¸ͷ󺹡ЩһﵱŲġ
ǣͷӢִ̫˾İԱҲˣ˴ñ촩ӣ跿ˮƶš˿Ľ棬ƺͱεڶִֽҵʱе׳۳棬ڴȣ˵ĺ
һժñӣҵϵۣƺִĸ˽
ÿִĴͷƮŴһ˵Ĳ졣žžĴˡ
վڵһĴͷӵ߰˸ˣӭųĺƵ磬ֻǿƬǾҪٽ룬ҽ׷һĸءʱУҲ֪ʲôζ˵Ǽȥ꣬ķʽ
ֻǵһЦѾʿ߳ŵĻɫ޳źƤĿ硣ǴĶ࣬Ľ磬Ȼû䡣
ͷȴǻȡ
ͷŴ˴θҶĸЦλȥ꣬Ҫ֮أЩӵܣƮôãǴŶʱǴŶٱ»üҹգúƣҲ֪˵ŶԴ
ЦŴӦǣ֣ɽҲվĽ磬װ׼£鳤ӣȴۻҪ緢ҲЩƣʲôʱˣҪɵߵĻ᣿
֣ҴһۣצĴңҹϵĻƳ¶ҶóԴ̳˶Ѿ׵֣Һҹϵûô壬Ҳһй˼
ĸӵ˶Դ˶һôһΪЩʱݻһҲԺֻ۲ˡƲ֮ڣ
߲Զվĸ߼٣һߴһ֣ߴһЩǸʿɡݺͳôʿɾϺӦ½ת˶׼Ϊжݻġôִ֮ϣкüӪڶ½ִĹٱԱ͡
ǸֵģȴԬʽָӵСָĶϴ۵úܡΪ˸ϸĳ棬˴̨ģŶ³ʣֻżʮױʲϺҲøӡվڴͷҲֻǴǰһУþò
ʿɺݳǣǾףԬҲЩǸϾԬڳѽѳֱݲһ޳ʿɶԬ˵ҲúܣǣʲôأŶ³ʵ¶˧᲻İɣô棬˧ȱľ˲ţ˧ٲġǸɽˮӺϼЩʱžͳɣǴ˧ĸ
ԬҡҡͷĲ
ʿһƣŵһڲ׹˧˴ԴôҲûãЩһ︻ɵй˧ǿңǰҲгίԱȥôûҪô˵˧أ
ԬɫӣҡͷҲǣͤٸ帻˻ˣΪʲôܹԱЧǶԱеֵƺףȴֲס˿Ҳֻд˧ˣ֪֮ڣ⼸Դͳɴ˴£Ԭĳûʲô˵ģθҲΪ˧Чѡ
̸ۻͷʿкˣֹȫɴ˰š´˰ɣ
ǱϾһ£֧ӣȫѾμսӾᶽͷƷƷѾ޿ʿɵġʿɶһ׼Ҳҵ˵诺һûʽʽŶסһլ棡˲ò˵طŮӾǿûء
ʿɳЦЦźһ֡ٴѣһֱ̣߰뽭֮ϣ
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壬򺣹صš
򺣹صڴ弸ŵУر𡣳˺صǴˣһؼලʵȨ⺣ؼලǺյµ޵Ӣʿ˺İʹ򣬺Ҳյ¶Խ򺣹ץҲĽ
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УзʹĹͣӢһңԶԼҰģӲսġȴûжʹӰ
⼸ˣеģ㲵ٲġȫ˲ݣĿ⾼˫ַϥԱźʽװ⣬ֻʿһڲסߣһβ˵仰һ׶
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۹󳼣պ̸ղ󳼣ˡ۹ɣպ̸ղʹ̷̷ͬˣԱ
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žһ˳Դ׵ʩһۣү࣡˵ûõģзӣ
ʩһæľͳžգһʮŹֵĳģģȴ潿ģڶžֱ䣬ľͲҡβˡ
žûĴ첲һ£ôߣſһ˵ź˵ҵ˼ǣС㲻Ǵ׻ôǾͶڽһʲôӿүˣСԸˣȥͷҪˣڣ

žںʩǵС»һѾ˶·˽ϳڵλˣҲǰһ⣬ʲôʱҪעһʹһӢ쿪˾ëټӱЬˬУͷмȭȣʲױǴվΧźЩǣݣղӣʢĸټӿ״ͷӺķ롣ĴɣҲнPTʢϲΣһһ̴磬һݵʱֽЩûطŴ
ǲɣǴֶҪǧͷһһʱôץʱ̸ôɣ糿ʱ䣬Ҳϰ顣һˢΪȵģǾҪ˿ÿ˶üͷӳģ͵ĳﶼ΢һοˣ
˵ˣһ˾һհʽǰ⣬һ飬໰治˵ȴ˵һǳʱһ𣬻˭Ź᣿
һÿ˶񣬼װģһĻҪͥΡһҡҡڰڵ߹ЦɣװʲôأƣһٴݥӹǶΰ׵ĲǸɶһҰǰٲȫ
Ц˼չ˧ﻹ˼һ۾ͿʼӺ˵ǶգǱݥϸＸɻȱôϴһѣر˰񴦣ܴճ˽˰ƹģˣطΣһĨڣٶָǸߴ룬ڵط̱˧ٲָ֣һ£Ҫˡ
ⷬ٣һѣһҲһעͷһ㡣Ĺٰӣһ򱻽Ĺâѹڵ¡ط⿿ôɣ
ϺʱһѾóҲΡν壬ûһתϵ嵽طȨ̫üëһץ˾Ḷ̌˰ΰȫǹܡع趨پôȼιܵùҲֻпڼ֣ʿѳ֡һȥһͻ˾ģȫûִҵԴҲûִع£ȫԱ͢һǧ©ֵĹ̵УֻʮڹҵĲ룡
ϵߣǷֵ̫ϸܴݣֻǣƳ⣬ҲΪȷȨƵƽⷽиҲˣƫƫͷһȫûʲôõĵһʡУз̨̨ѧ̨˾ܶѲƫƫ˾ܶѲЩٶȨֱʵ౨ǣƣҲǴһΪҪ鷳ȫΪ֮µǣЩݵĹϵӾ˴۹̱֢״ҲùҶԱԴ˸ַʵĹԼ
˵ɷƣƵȵȾֶǶôĲʱˡֶΣԱ֤һСũĻתҲԱ֤Ȩȹ̣ȴһʲôʱ
һԸϵҲûӣͼֻΩһѡ͵Ĺ̶ٰˣ֣ط˾˰յҪȨȫҲǽִ˲ŲӦ취ִƶռˣִ˲ˣٳʵطִٰЩȨȥմڻǸũҵ״Ҳò̫Ĺ͹˲šŹҵչˣϣǶǽˡ
ڿճЩλã;Ĺٶȥǣͺáº򲹵;ٶһѣЩඥλãõأǣҲǸ¶ö
˰˾ЩҪȨʱʡԱѲصطִСһЧö࣬ǲƤĹϵ˵Դ񻹸٣ǼʡͷҲüලһЩලķҲ򵥣ںùںù޷Ǿ񹫿񹫿ȻȻ࣬򵥵ĵеʡݣرǺű֣Ȼͼ˾޴Ĳһٵƽ̫ƽ˵˾̰۸Ͳ֪ලԼôã
ֻЩִζڳƽֱ֮ϵľ޴ͬˡ
ЩĹһŲںءЩ˽£޷ǰԼĹŶ飬γܶҡȨ㣿
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˭ʹ˧˭˵Ǯ࣬ȲСױ񣡡ʱƺشġ
ǱԹһһ߻һ߻ش𣺡Ҳ䲻еţִƻڳﱸͽһ˲ųٴҲǺͿˣͷѵĶôЩîط˰Σ˱ͷ˾棬Ǳ˭죡ûôйٰˣȫîʮڵ˭һȫңٴԣٸɿ͵ģžͲˡˣؼҳԼɣͷάΰ׳£ȫعҲǸ裡˭£ԣҵסһգǴ´࣡
һֱʱѾ˽ʯһ飡һʣûʲôϵµˣҲҪϰ߾Ϳٺ»Էģܱȹȥǵ㹤ʳ߸ʮҵģ˭ҪധôһƤ£ٴҲǸϸˣܷ֡ٴҪɱˣҸͷרɱȨ
ǲɫţ΢Ц˵ʾȥ졣
һһӦЦǸʲôģٴҳˣôȦӸʲôҽͰΣ˰ɣ
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ȥ飡͸ʲôСڹܵģӱӻ׳ߣ
һָˣʢʢȴ΢΢һЦȴǰһ̾˿ھ滹̫󣬿Ǿ͵÷涼Ҫƽչˡڳܰ죬˰գ˾гﱸеĽƸһǽԭһʡ̨̨ѧ̨Ȩһɲν⡣ʢʵͶ̾ϽߣҲǳ˴д󹦡ȫ弸еִΪһ˷ıܵ˳ת˲ƽա𵱳λҲϵ¡ʢһİݣλ̴һ㲻ϲΣôû뷨
һ͵̾Щ඼Ըҵġλ߾ͷŮ裬裬һСԼûʲôѡ
һ׽磬ڱǾǲ£ǿԺԼƽ۽ĺƹϺ꣬Լߡ̷ֵͬҪǻһʣʱˣЩСӵҰŮδ诣סһЩȥַϲСӰӣеʱ治֪⴩Խôĥ
ӭʢЦݥֵ֣֣ȴ˼Ǳˡ±ߣʵûʱϸϸ̸ֵˡ
˵ҲǸ̬һĬţ⳯˼ȥĸʲҳȥˡ
ʢֵλô̬ʧݡ˵ǻԱߣһЦ֣˧˵Цˣ߽⣬´ЩѰ֮ͣҹһ´˧ҵҵܸβңε˧ⷬ
⻰ҲͰˡһһЦݥֳ֣ҵܰһְֿ
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ֳҵܰλãվǸǣ
һ΢ЦֻǿĬʢλã㹻ʹǱ˰ɣղǸʵµˣڼӿˮһʱǰЭ͸û¡ʽûʢΨһѡһ㣬ʱӿ룬ʢҲƽһ¡
λãЩ飬ȻȻ뿼ǵġ
ʢĬãֻһЦ¸Ҳμޣֻһʹ˧Լ
˵ԼԼᣬҶţ
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ΧĸʲǶ̲סһȻڴ˧ǰ˵˧ôҪǮõʲô󻹲Ǻʹ˧һң㱱Ǯ˧òˣ
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״ȴȵе㽹꣬ȻѾ򣬿ǳ˵һ֮⣬ȻڴҲǿڿ״Ŀ߰㡣ҪٷģŮˡ֮꣬״Ѿǵ׼ˡ
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ֱͦǲڵԪ˧ͷ״Ѿž˵һԱ߷붼
һͷȻɿ״ĵĶ³ʿ̫ˡ벻֪ǲǽţҲͰ͵Ĵǲ⡣ͷ˵ģҲµǻ¶УĺͷûѾվ˿ʱóݹЦǵļƻҿˣ棬֡ŴҲˣǵļƻ׼ˣһԻȥ£
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һЦһתҲ׼뿪ʲôҲûɣԺøģĳͻΣ
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һǶµ½ܼϽһ˧ͷһŮģ˧
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һһЦתȥǩѺλĸ񣡡


ڶʮ ߺҵ
һѾʰˣԭͷĲʻװΣһȥɨøɸɾ롣˵ʲôݳ޵ĵطֻǵ·࣬һЩƤľЩƤõĶͺѣһѵɫ֮Ȼһµζ
ֵصģҲǴŲѥźӧñӵѲ١ҲûǱͨһжԵðôһطֻױӪʱ򣬴ͷƤѥôʯ·ϵĿտջ졣ڱվñֱͬһܣҪĿ΢΢תΪվĲǻ
ͷҲûųһصĽӳҲûһﶪĺ򲹹ٶǿġûʢ˵̫үڰϳˮ̡Щźʹ׶һȺվźĺ򲹹ٶǵľҲȫ
ȻȻǶ
ֻвڶͷ趯
ǸһͷһеһУĩڼȵӢۣӢۣȴǴġ
һʽװŻ׵ͨõʯ·ϣһɫСҲͬĬǰ·ǶСѾͷһ𣬽ĸ棬ֳ棬¸СһֳϣҪźģһҲûҪ˫̥ɲ֪ǲһ˫صʵ̫Զ½֪·ľپȻĬǶԿ˽̵Ͱͻǣ½ǲֵСøһ
ת۾Ѿ˹ã·ٲδֽͣ˲ǩѺһȥͷǩѺʽܴͷãһŴ칫Χɢɳ輸ϰŵҲȫˮʣ֮⣬һνһˣ¶ǩѺͷĻϷȨö칫ң滹̴
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˵СѾͷϽɰƤֽŵСӣһ˫С־Ҫݹ
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ǲǼ˧ôʲô
СС㡣ǰûɱôˡ
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ЦЦǿһǱ˵˵ˣ˵˧þô󷿣Ҳ۰ǣϴμ棬ôĴʯΣôͳȥΣ
С㻹˼ЦСúµ˼ҲһС㲻Ҫǣǵ浱ȥ
ŲҪźأүǱˣǰĴС㣬С㲻һǧ˰ٵĸүȴƫҪΪһʮΪ治֪λ˧ʲôã
һ绨СѾͷŭ֮ī衣
Сãͷֱֻ£뾩ظ·ϿһԷǣһģһ۶ƵСͷݱͰˡʱҲʮ꣬ĥӲҪһȥСõѾзеأڼͷѾԱݡСѾͷǴСǶ֣Դöȣ˼ҵСֻҲȲˡһҲ벻˫̥СҲ벻˵ͣʵǽã˵һСѾͷģ
һСѾͷǵ飬Ѿȫ嶼֪ˣ˵ȥһλԽԽߡСҲ˱һҲƵڵʱٴүŰĽڣǺհһ˫̥ʱ̴ķ磺һ۹⣡õĶСӶռȫඣ
ҪС԰ӣϷүƣ
һ˫أֵⷽأͳСþǵļһ㣬Ҳֻţ
һȴԲﰡװ壬ֻΪڴ֮⣬ȫµȫµһٵ߸⽭ɽ
Сò꽿ͷһЦʲôãԼ˵ÿٶҪԶ⣬ɱҲûʲôر˰ɣ
ͻȻðʱСñһţ

ȴ΢Цվ𣺡СŮӰ¾ޡӭ˧ݡ澽˧Ҫ֡
ſӰһһҡҡڰڵ˽ǳǸװǴЦ⣬Ŀ⳯ǶĿԼСһתͳͷŮӣҲǲ°ɣº˵
񣺡ڴ˧ǰһ˶ʲôءСŮӴҲΪˣΪ˧
һμһȻһľٶʱ޿̲ڹĥǼűˣȴͷһأСȻҲתһҲȴ￴ģģĿ
һֳĲֹ̫࣬ƵĹٳ壬ɫ˫أɱɱ·ǰ¶ķβӣٹԽĹ³ӣָĴͳ˧弾һҰĵĴܲ١̫࣬Ѿڸ˵ıĿռˣȻֻﲨһɨѾ÷·ֱĵס
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һһӣ
һҲ΢΢е죬˫̥С˵ˣôƵȵ˼ӡǣǶţ˹ŮУȻ֪ʵ˲ţ˫ˮ˫ͫ΢ԵЩ԰׵ĹϣȻ˵鶯˫ӣһֱڱĬĬעԼ
ʱŮҲѼ˲٣诵޾ףʩĳģģžͯվ飬Ȼ۾ﻹδ
Ҳֻ롣һСãϧܳԡ֣֮ʱΪе飬ȡĵ·УҪΪСĴȫ¶ڿԼ£ܵסԼһ񣿻ߣķŹСĳˣٻߣԺĨĨˣ
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˵ĵȷҲٻһԣЩ˵ᵱĹ֮ʿҪĻһʱһҲûֻнһʡ֮أһδȣ͸Һа壡
ĩǧδ֮֡ѾǼ򵥵ĸĳǹȥǧһֱҵһУҪξȫı仯
Ȩ˥΢Ѿڼ㡣ط˼䣬Ҳͬڼ㣡
Ǹʱյ䣬δһ˿٣һתۼ顣˰죬廹ųһͳ򷽣ʮ½жʮȫʽװ¾ǽ¹¾ȫɫ
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ף¶˵ֻһ֮ˮһԾɹֻҪĵ͢ɴ°ˡֻҪֳܹ쵼һ޴
һﴷӿЦǧ㣬ԾѾ϶һʲôӦȻʲôԴӦԣȴû뵽һȴǶЦͲشˡСѾͷҲ̶̻ӣµ˵ûλһǸ壡
һЦ˰죬Ŷվ˰һۣ̲ס˳ӴþûЦôˬˣ񰡡ȥɡԸ룬͢ӵôʲôзôҲţҪǵһ취һҡڵÿˣ͢ûһ͹ðţطûһȰңеֻ˵лѣִ£ˣҲûʲôôҰųµǻȥ
ʾͿͣɫ԰׵վҧ촽ֻһξ޲ߣһǿ˵ҲûȻվˣȨм泯͢ȴҿֻæҵôӦӵһԹ˼ѵƾˣĲôǷˣһһ֮䣿
뵽˴Ƭ̣ȻֱֱĹ
˧˧Źһ·ŹҵܵܣúܣȴôֻԼܹܵƽӣҲֻ뿴˹ͨӡңһ֮䣡
£ǶСѾͷҲĸŹһСŮӾһ¡˵ܵܣ뵽δããҲŲסˣļͷҵĶֱ䣬ȴû޳ֻҧ촽һĳ鴤
ܱס˵δǵͷԼϵܵܶزסÿһ˺ؿڣ
СԿˣ˫̥СҲ޵ϡС㣬С㣬˧仰ֻҪСƽƽģôУ
ҿôͱ˳أˣӻûôأһ¿е㷢λٸߣӦʱƲŮӿ޵Ըٻдôһ
ϧپͬҲûȰҲȰ֮ģ£ʷȴŮӡ
һĬȻվǶ֣µŽе㲻ĵĿһ۹ڵϵˣžһ񣺡˧ʲôԸ
һڰ֣λؼң˳ݻˣȥδӣԼ
µһݣЩʲҲûֹݣ˧ҪͰ¾޼ҵĶŸɣֻĹӣҲûȥ룬ҲԸȥ롣ڿĻ߶վˣ
Դ˧˵ĲǸʲͷӣ˧ͷװĴ¶ȥˡǶ˵㣬ӵеһУڳʣһһӭӵϣĿûװثߣɱҲ˶٣
һϷ뿪ֹס˿һһȴĲɫ
Һϵܵܣǵ·ˡأԽԽգҧҧվ˧СŮ֪˧ҵСŮڴ˧һ·ϣҲ΢ֻҪ˧ܳŵСŮӱȫ飬СŮԸ˧Ӧ࣬͢һжʵȫߴ˧ǻʵ۰ãϷү۵ֻҪ˧һ仰СŮӸұ˧һ·ߵø˳
ɫ԰׵ý͸ÿһ仰˵ƺڴԼĿһҧϸ׵ݣ˵󣬵Ѿҡҡ׹СҲվסҲҷˣֻСĳ
һһЦû뵽˵УһôеŮӡҪ죬Զ͢¶ҵЩʣҪû˵ʲôֻˡĳǺɱ֮ˣɶ֮ʣвѪģѪˣҲûʲôôµ£Ϳͣ


ڶʮ ߺҵģ
̷̸ͬղʹԯ
̷ͬԱˣп̷ͬĺźݿͲ࣬ҲһЩųҲûʲô϶ϲΪ׵ĳһ㣬̹ɫԷҲǼ򵥣˺˰֮⣬ûʲôҪ󡣳еʱҲǴ˼򵥣Σź̲˶һŲҪȻϢһʵݻᣬٻеŰ룬ͷҲԴʣ̷ͬЩ֧ĶǻĹ˵Ҳֻбͬ˸һ벻ĳϢǴһԶͼͼοԼҲͷȥ
⼸죬̷ͬȴźڸڣͬһͷһȥҲˣֻҪù򣬾Ƿŭһдšźĥī鷿ˣһӼͲԼˣ
иƵһžֺ׳ܣ˹ʹҲַȥݻᡣһܳżʮˣһȻź򣬿һƺҲԼˡ
ҪܵÿϢҲˡ˯þٳ⡣̸ǲŷк̷ͬͨĴүݡֵÿͨվźװװ衣һϣ̲ŹŵʱҲͨŻͷҹˮһͽȥϣҶһۣү۾ġ
ܲ˵ģ̷ͬƢҲ仵ˣÿΰݿͻÿӵһţÿӴһˣɫ͸ѿһ֡պٺ߳˵Ѿݺݵķ𣬻ץһŰһƬӣʱ͵˾أǵùƱӹӣܳ˼ʮСӣ֪߰Ҫ̸ˣǿ̷ͬղ󸮵ڼЩһƱû룬ȴôү
ԵΪŰݿͻʱ³ļ˿һֹճӦôͨȴûĸС˽ϳ˼ۣ߲үʵڶԲסҪԼȥ̷ô죬ʲô
Ϊ԰ӣ̷ܵͬļˣʵڲ˵ʲôһӶȥ߽ȥʱʹ
ү̷˵ĸ±Сӣ
Щʧһԯܣδζݣ˵ð˷磬͡ˣ̷ģҲ֪ܷ⼸죡ݲʹүͲźˣ
ΪݺݵһСˣһ·һ·ͷݣⲻľ棬㵽Ҫܶãɴߣ
һͷջֱ߽鷿һ·˶޾ɣҲûкԽԽǻֱ鷿֮ڣͿ̷ͬ˴ϻмв裬ͱ䣬Ҳû˽ˮ˶վ̷ͬɫΪУϺˣ
Ϊ߷£ΣǸʲô棡ҪǸ;֮⣡Ϸӣ㷹һ£ǴʲôʵڵҲûУϢһûȥںٲ̸ԼǩԼ֮£Ҳ⼸죡Űɣ¶޷֣󣬱ڹǣ
˵ÿڿʣùһвһ޵һ˳ԯʲôһǷˮ𣬸ɵ»Ҳû˸˵ֶȴ˶ԼסϲҶóˣ
Խ˵ԽĴŹǸǣЩһ׼˦ǣҳ٣д˲֮£ĴҲ֮䣬ֵھҲеϢ׼ձ͵ǳȫձֻյνƽڸӣٲǰ¼ӣģǣձծƱ֧ǰ⵹󵳵ûᣬҪһɳ죬ʱ򣡡
һڹ㶫ٻ˵ǿѾϷ̸ˣԼ׸壬ʮ򵽡Ǵһʸӣƾ˸£һúѣΪҪѹƺ󵳣һ¾Ҳ˳µ飬ֻҪʵ֣ºε鲻ΪĪҪʥڹ
ᣬΪһȺѪһӣ븽ȴּ˵Щӣò͵ĴԱǲϴ̷ֱͬżں̸⣬ڣЩεѾ֡Ϊ˾٣Ƹ۵ƾΪ
Ϊ˰Ȼ̷ͬȴǲϵİȥ˵˺ˣȻƣݻ죬ݻʹǷ˵ȴ㣬Ҷձϲ𣬶ǿҲ᳤õȥֻҪͣʱձͱѡ񣡿֮׻׻ꡣһУ׹̷ͬȻڱߣںˣôҲ˺
鶼ţЦ̷ͬȥˣһ֧ʣģ·糱̷ֵͬȥˣֲһôΪϧƿڴֵȴмһأ
ΪĿ⣬ݺݵĶ̷̷ͬͬȴǿһЦվ𣺡ϺµĶʮģǶǺʿǮôȷϢͨ̽ģ
㲻ùܣĳΪĻ㣡
ǲǺƹ񣬸ṩЩǮΪھбߣ̽ЩϢ̷ͬɫ࣬ȻŹͱʣ
һԣϳһЩŲ·ϽվҪԲȴΪЦһ˴ɽ裬ЩΣĳ˺͸ཻȴǸֵūţѵ֣㻹ҪĹΪЩάôҲҪͬԼôѵƴƾô
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ɱ̷ͬҲԸȺԼ֣ź̸ղʹ壡Ҫڲʱ򣬺ͺ˾ѡôڱйĲо֣͸ӲʰҲ²ɣǰ¾࣡˿ΪĽ飬ôˢµĴҵҪҡһ䣬ΪԽĩ⵳ԽǲݣʱȻϵһģҪˮ
СǴ󣡷ǰҲͺͿΪһȻ𡣵󣬿һһ·Ĺ켣Ѿøࡣ飬ȫƾ
һֵ֮ǲεķʽıҡһҪɵط࣬׽Ƶȴ֮ⷪȼûмʮ޷ƺǿˣƺʱ䣿Ωһа취ǽ࣬öձά֮ɷֲȨ϶£ˢ¸Ȩһδܱ仯ΪձάʱĦֵܶˣٶЯ֡
ⷬҵȴɵȨִӺ̸
һֱά֣һֱԼĳ˵ˣϵдţϵĵȥݻس졣Ѿøɸɾ
ǵ󣬵ȵȴһֽпܳΪʵԼһͱ£͢ҲἱŸϽ˽ս£רϡһ̸ֻеľ涼ȡһǶǴѾˡѵֻܲȡΪİ취üҾֶΣӦԺЩӹ
ֻԼΪһĻ棬ȴԼֵȼ
̷ͬ˫̱ϣþòһΪֻĿ鷿һƬһļž󣬻ǵϳɵˣһϺ˵ģѾΩһѡˡţĴ˲дŹ¶飬ֻҲлڱ˵ǻ롭
һ仰˵֪ԼʧԣϽŤȥ̷ͬһվ񼤶ñסţֻпΪ΢΢Ц
̷ͬɫ࣬ݺݵĿһۣؿھƺкܶ໰ϾҪӿ
ȴֻһ̾Ϣʱ̷ĳֻоԼŬȰȰһ¡žѪҲʯᡭɣϺǾ͵ʱ˵ɣ̷ĳڷңԼδ֮ǰʲôҲ˵ʲôҲ
˵գ̷ͬײײĳŶȥ̾ǰˣ󲻼ߣ֮ƣȻ£֪νǣ֪νҺ󡭡Ϊʲôʲô
鷿УѾݣ̷ͬĿƣƺҲ˵ǵĵף
ֻпΪɫȻ

˧Ѿ뿪ˡһСۣ˲߰ϴ֮ǰͶڽ治¶桭
Ԭ΢΢ǩѺһ顣
˵ǩѺʵ˵һİ칫ҸǡǰǩѺܶƸĻڵĳһ񣬻ЩĻϷֶܶѡرش飬ᵽǩѺ顣طˣٵŪ£Ӧ꣬ӳ̵ʱ䣬ԶԶ¶ʱ䡣Ҵ£˽Ƹ룬Ļ֡
һȴһû˽˵Ļţ¸ְ˾ԸԵĹΧ𡣻Ҳ²£Ūһû壬ο׷ƫƫо޴ȨĻϷֵ¡壬ҲΨһûʦүĻڼ
ûЩɫм㼶һ壬Ȼ٣нֹӦѸ٣תࡣ
ÿգ綼ǩѺڰ칫Ǵʷϣĵĵһεطȫеط˵ľٶ
һһ֪ʲôĹġԬ㱨ͣ±ЦҴҡڵ뿪ӷѾеˡһƵļһرŻŻҲáǶΣ
Ԭ뿪ʵһʱҲûαʾԬڵͳĹְδȥÿ컹ҪμӸ߼ٵĹڽ˵ۡͬʱһϱУۺԭ鱨һ̯ӣ鱨Ҫְһɼһٶ̶ˡҲڱۣԬϴɾϲĵӣͷ
ڵ鱨ϵͳѾǳʱڵǸªģʢͶʹ˶鱨ԴҲȷҪһ˲źúһ¡ԬĶЩ۸ӵ龫ͨҲˡ
ȻѾǺԱˣԬһǰ̬ȴ˿ҷɡһ񣺡Ѿ֪뿪ڼɹء˵ԸҪ׼˧һ·ЩԸòǳǣ˧ʾ¡
Щδãһֵ£˭ҲŵȻҲ֪δáģ¶ϣֻҪҲװɵھССķͷ˻Ρ˭Ϊͷָۣһ󱱾ÿշָĸǸǻر߶ɣһڣҲͷһߡ˵ˣܰЩ˸ϵ߶˱ǣְЩ˳ϣĺһĴһǲҪʹɱ֣ǱϾһÿ컹һһÿζͿĽλӭ鷿𻰣
һЦЦԸһЩͷӣҲû˼úܣ¶ҲˣɡҲģ
ʲôĹģ¿Ԭʳһֵͷ׼ȥġԬһ£˧һ顭
ʲô¶һͷҲ̧һʡ
˧ŹպԼҲҪǩˣǰ͢׼øձ˴˺;֡´ĦȻġǱҲϢ͢Ѿ׼뿪ԶרפֱǱҲʾ취͢дУֻд˧;һգǾȫ˧һա
žһһͣжصĽˮ棬ĿԬĵһӦǣǰôΪҽˣƴƴĴõľ棬Ĳ鲻ԸĶǰһȻ¡ϽͷҲ֪ѹѹһķͷ
Ԭ͵͵ģ˵ȥ±ҲܻɣǸϢǵ۵ųģžá
һһЦԬĻֻΪ˶Ըңǻ޴ľϵͺܹˡϢ˰֪ˣҲ֪ƾ·糱ˡ쵰
һŭԬӾ˺ʱһһŭ𶯣֪ʲôıʣͷȸԾ˷ܣԬǵĴôԽȼԽĴ棬Խǳͷصĺûᣡ
˵Ļúܣ˧ǱҲɵӣ۵ųϢҲþͿϱڹˡ̸飬ܳɡ
һѾվǩѺȥһ˿ЦʼǹţΪʲôǩǴµĺ󵳣ɵģʼңרԸҵκηʽǶȥһô˳ǾʦŻ֮ǣڵ۵ųķ糱ǣʲôʱ¹۵ˣ̫ţʲôʱ¹ǵĹʵˣˣǲǴֵزǴһ̶ȣִôһɸζôˣҪŪǲſģã֮˫ֽ֮Ҫӷ쭣
վ˽Ųˣ
Żһƿµ´󲽽񡣿µ£һ뵽Ȼȴʼδӡ
ݺͳҪᣬϱ߶Ķվվӣٽ߶һᣬģ
Ԭͳµ¶ˣһȴûлԼλ棬ߵǰ̧ȥ
Ͼɸеһ˿⣿·߲ͨġʷ涼ˡ
֪Ϊʲôһ뵽̷ͬһܾԼԼһ˿·ʲô飬Ŀƣ񱼶ȥֱ첨ָоһ˲ǿңȴת˲ʧҲץͷ
Ծģһ仰૵Ĵл佫𰡡·ľͷƺѾܿˡֻѪɫ̫ˡ

žһһֻС֣ݺݵڲ輸档
佫վߣվɫǱߣԼѡ
˵诣żҳȹװĹĵڵϡһϣŭ֣׻Ҳ֡
ǰ棬žʩؾصţһۣСһƬı顣ʩ֪ôڱģǶžɵѾͷ˵㣬ҪǲվߣҲϢˡһŮģ빫ãү˵үٴ¶Ƕү
һģȻǻʳеĶžʩµʱż٣޷ǾǿԼӡӣⲻҪҳҳǾⲻ˻©ڷ磬ټźλ̫̫̫̫Ѿߺǣǰ֮Դ˭֪Ϣôôͨġһǵ¶Ȼˡ
ʲôүҪģ诼ץ״̬ǻͥԶžʩűίίŽܣ˭ʶһأ
ɫСĹˡðɣȻʲôҲûѾķˣȻҹŮˣɽܵǣǶôƯ˫̥СѾߣȻǸŮ˵ģ
վİӢҲһŵɫͲϵһδϼҽǽϣйĻµĹϼҲûָСеԵãһ˫صСռıˣ㰭ڻûշһҲº͵úܣʱ˻Цһ£˯žլһСûǺĵġ
һ˫̥ˣ
Ϊǰ;ƣҲҪСƴˣ
ĹĵվŶžʩԺҲúҽ㣬С读߰诶ԣһңߣ˳һҾʮ塭仰ô˵ɣҵøǸŮ˺ÿѾߣҲ˭ң
լĵŪ˼ͷ诣ҵµĿ꣬ĻԼңɫ㷢ڱζĶŮĶ־ӢİСں棬¶үӮˣǶ˫̥ŶСӮˣ˼һǽŶûʲôô뵽Ӣİģؼҡ
žʩֻ½תְСһۣʩµģ°ɣ
žһҧݣѵǻ·ôһ·ˣС㣬ƴˣ
СôţȸѾת֪Ϊʲôܳɹһɾ͸жûУޡ

漣գҼǵãǰ£ĲݣͮͮͰͣһֻСӣڣҲʮ˰ɣҵȡˡǸǶֵһҰڣҹһ̫ˣ̫ˡѹĿҴҷŲ£Ų°
ǵһ۵СԺ棬᷿һ綹ƹһľɫ¾ɵƣ
ڽأľųͷæǹ涼Ǽ̰Сӣʱ˱ںʹϷڷ䷢ʣʰ׼ؼҡϳͷϲϢȥһ걱ô¶˶òףԸ꣬´󼪣
ȫǵϲȴûаСԺӡ˵СԺˣʮһǰ𣬾ͽһпĻֵ⡣
һǻҡϣһֻɵرߵĴ͸ƹĿǵâ
̻֮£жЦ֣˵ִƵĺӣ
ƹĿֻǽһ˿Цˡˡ漣ˣҲڿȵһ졣·һߵú塭ܿͻˡ
ͻȻ֨ѽһ죬һŽӰ֮£塣ƹ۾λŽʵȥˣΪѾڴһڼңҪ˵ȣҪȫ֪ͨ
ĬĵͷתҪ뿪ƹȴסȥϷˣ
һ𣬽ǶβŵǣҪˣһ¹µģȥƣյ
ƹǸֳһ˿Цݣŵô
ŵʲô
ѪζѪడҪⱱû
ƹڿͷʣµġ
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ڶʮ ߺҵ壩
ڵʱͷȴһƬƲٽصӣÿܼʮ췿ǸǼˮйͨġÿҵ˹̳ŸõүǶӳɫӵͭǮĻǴôɳǮСǮڶǸ󹦵ģܵסô˵ͣ
û취̫ǲͣˮܲƽϡ꣬ڻͣĿһ˼ңǮ껹ծţүǶ˼췿ֻ֣˹̳ÿأ췿ǰƬӵĹ̲֣Ѿһ־ɫˡ
Ǯʱ鳳ֹ֡ɴһǻϲصģ˱ڶࡣʱֻҪ棬ǾŴ˷밲ɣ˵죬ÿԺͷǹﲻ˵ҿɶȽϣĳߣҼҾ͵ð˳ߣүǶ˳Ǯû飬ֶŮ˵ģǴһС޺ģʱͿʼȷű̻Ļŵò˼ֵĻʮͷ϶뻹оλεͷӣûؼһԲ·ͷزỵ̂ǣǰ¾ͷŵˣ
־ڹʮʮһ꽻ӵĹؿڣȴȫӰʮ췿壬ųţҰߡżй̻Žһֲۣ뿪ҼŶţƹ˩ſҲ˾жһżˣӣǲҵɫҡͷ
ˡϣҪطӵˡһˣֻҪ۾Ķ֪ʲô˼ôǣµĻ⽭ǣֳëʱһǣһɱһһ֣Ҳֻֻ޴ǣ
ˣộ
ЩϲˮҲ˶١ܣֲ뿪ǰ벽ڻа˹ɵĽ׳ͷάҪǳǣ˭֪ᷢʲô飡˵ܵȥͷѾѹ¶ͷ̫̫־׾ˣʣСһĨӰͶ·֮£󣬾һ׼һһҲãҲգܵи˵ùţ
ЩУĸӾ߸оࡣ˰ʸ񣬳˶ӣȻĩλúܣÿϲжʮľͣõ֣һŶʮôүһƿҲС϶޷ֱӵݵһͷЩү·ȵݸ˹ġ״֪¶ôԬ˽Ƕ򣬰״֪ìϽԬתһ
ˣ˹Ѿ御һͷ亹ӲͷƤȥϾǶͷۣ
Σһǲŭ˭Ҳûе
ֱ죬һ׳ͷ
һС׳࣬ǣ˭ΣͷһǸһĽүڱСź˭һһòҶòʳɨ˹ٴʮԪѥĺֽţﶼˡ
ͷ٣СĽһˣźʹģҪǮҲ̫ڣԵһʱ䱻˹ˡȴһɨСĵӣҡڵǹµĴһӣʳһɨ⣬ŶӴģ˵Ƕٶ֪꣬Ӧˣ˭һϷͷ˵ʵǲƽʲôҲ˵̰ɣսĻǣ˭ȥԣͷβ׻Ӿʹϵˣ֪ϰս˰಻ף¶֪ãǣҪʲôܹܣʲôǰʲôݼζģǾ͸ûˣ
ʱЩӾǣɫסͷЦСĲЦǣǿ˵ʵڵģһѵЩϰӣ²֣ˣΪˣ˧׼ӵʮڶǹһСĵҪڹȥˣ˭Ҹԩ˭ײǴ˧²ȥҲµȥˣһȥκż»
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۵һǮͷӻǸӾʱ͹ͷ絷⣺СңСң
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ǼһΪѵɫӲͷƤֹ˼䡣ɫʱͳɥĲ񣡡
žתͷٲһЦʵڶԲסٴˣֵܻеҪһ£ĥԼ̸̸ˣ̨ǣ
ٲĻ̧ͷӲһЦԱ㣬ǿˣֲʽ⽻ϣһͺá
ЦŹ֣һǰͼҴҵ˳ȥԱһۣҲϽȥշԱһϹǹ͡
ͷٲıҵĿϺƢЦѲӰһ򣡡
֮ڣٲֻǻ־һǡԱΧеѯʣٲȴֻǰ˿
֮𣬿ҪȼյͷˡΨһŲµģҲֻ۹ҧţΪľΪձһԪ
۹ѾٱⳡսµУܶԱԴձСǶԱЧʵĲͬսԳԵĽˣԴٻڵط䣬ԱɲǰöôϡãܻǿȥձŽִĸЧԱեôһСһս½ǰ󷽣һƬ꾰󣡲ڱıԵ
ҧţΪձȡһָֻԪһһ㣬Ϊϧ̸ϣҲȷţӴȴ˼Ĵ壬һͷ
һһ㲻ձĹˣҲȡĹˣ
ѾΪձ׵ˣΣɡ

Ǳٲ˼Ѿܻĳ鷿ָŶһӰ̷ʲô⣿ҪЮ͢ղʹݣǴ治
ǶˣСñ̷ͬҲЦ޾ɫվ𣺡ˣ㻹ǵղʹ˽ձԺͣͳʣ˵ҪձǵУ֪˭Ŵ治ֶΣ˾Ϳϼ̷ĳô
̷ͬһ챻ܣ䴫ԽԽʢ˵պԼǩڽգ̷ͬΣֻΪٲǹȥϺµһʣὫԼϵףʾ˿
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̷ͬõӣͷʹԴһʱеĻ־棬ֻҲųֲˡ֪Լž߲ˣοඥΣ۾һգʲôҲ֪ˡˣ»иˬ죡
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춨ĿǩأǲҪ£Ǹ͢Ҳǻ㴵ĳ͢
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컺վЦҡͷ˳ȥȥҲգ޷ǾٸһĿһΣѡʥҲͳЦԼȻҪǩģʵ߸㣬˳ʣٲĻҪ˰治ɿڣҲˣӵծҲøˣνˣֻһ·ߵڡ㻹ѡأҪסȨˢ¸ǵһ£ʰ

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ǵϹʱ̷ͬȴΣ鷿ͷ˱ʣдһšдüȴдü档
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Ϊһû˵̷ͬҲûҪش˼ԹնĵϺѾ͢¾ʢһҵĹϵҲҪģһ֧¾ϺЩ䰡Ű˼ٶһЩΪã
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ҲϾѰ֮Ц˳ﻮôˣ󵳳⣬̸ż㡣ôὫ¾Ȩ֮ϣһ
̷ͬһЦһɣҲôƣ
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̷ͬҡͷҡֻ֪֪һ㣬ܴΰ裬ҰĲڱȫҵϣʧ


ڶʮ ߺҵߣ
ǿ֮ƣ˲Ϊȡ
Ȼڹȥƴɱ˺ôųƴµһǿǿȻĲ֮
սµУӢֳձӣɾй۲١ԽнĹ۲죬¹פʹҵ·״ĵĹţύһݽı档
ڿ״ĵı浱Уһ壬װ䱸Ѿŷ½һˮƽڲܶϣй֮ȱû㹻ĺϸ¼١ٳѧ٣ʽ½ʱ䲻һꡣ๻ɾɽܽԶԶⳡսµУ¼ٸǵ˵ǣ˵Ӳȱָǵ£ĺǸϣǸҳ塣һ뵽еУһִľ٣ʲôأ
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һشȱݾǣϵȱ½սҪ׵ĲıƶȣͨѶڡվ䡭һӴлϵһ֧ܹսĲڱϵԶԶ㡣ս£ŵȶڻĴʣ˳ĳ½ϴʢ·ϣõ̶ż͵Ͳ֧֧˵Ľսжǿȷ˴ΧĻһ̴ҪսձⷽҲͬ׾ӣ治֪Ρ˵ĳɣЧʼͣطֻܽеˣȴ֪ЧָǶԽִгϵĲҪǴʢٸӵܣ̶֯ľ飬ʱЦˡ
״ĵʱҲһһ˵Ҫӣ˭ܽô߰֯ͳս
״ͷҲĻش𣬵¶Աʮϰľӣշսսʱ򣬶ԱյķսǱġ˵սܱתЧǾӵĳ裡
費ģһǲںʱſ״ͷɫһߺ˰졣⣬޷ǻ˲ţ½ƵУҪӺڱվƾ䣬ͨѶЩרŵľѧУⶼҪöǮģ˽Ϊƾǰҵ㹻ˣ͢Щһһ֧Կ¾һͽˣʱǻûƤء
ƣԼȫ󲿷ԴԺˡǿſ״ĺòõı飬ﲻ֪ﵽȥˣҲԲݵڣԼǿκ鶼ʾޱ֧֡һҲֻҧۣǷָɣ
йڽػ⣬㹻ˡǲҰսڱҰսڱڱһ̵ҰսڱӪȫ㡣ս³Źȥ֮սɴӪͷڱеĺǺ̲Լֵ¡ɻԶԶ
ûڱʲôսһʱĿſ״ģ֮ڣԤĵ˾࣬͢òŴģĻսͷһصı飬۾⣬һҧͷӦˣ½ƵУټڱ˲ţٸһڣûʲôǮˣ״ļнˮüһ
׮׮һ͵½ɽһͳⷬ
ӴӵԱΣ׼ɫľѧУһڶʦѧУҲ׼ǿɾúأž¿֧ǴͷȻ֪һǮȰʦ˵֧ҲԴӾ·ߣǻֱ׳ɡ½ִĽ˲ţƸ룬Ƹѧ˲šʦʿͨͽʡôһʿ֧˵ˣʦΪռ׼ģҪƸѧҲЩƶʿӣҲùǳԴӹϵͷټһʾͳˣʡ鷳ЩʿӼھѧУͷܽľѧϰɣǿǶĹСܸ֮Լ룬ɻôһСͷռˣ
Ϊʲô˵һС⣬ΪǰĿ֧ȫһڳ룬Ԥһ굱УҲȫҪصǮطǱָˣͷææȫչˣ˰һûü֣Ҳ»̣ɾʽѾתͶԼصҵ˭һǵͷأƲӵʱ򣬴ҾͶˣ
ò˵Ҷһ취ǮıгϵΡ
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ģЩٴӪõĿиɾģе˾ʹһ׳£Ӻ죬ǵһ³Զãô۹ȥȫ׳Сӣ²ľ㣬ƺܵȼˣ
ǲ֪˸ɾԭԡ𿴽ôתսϱȴһ֧ƮĴ޼ҹ¾ʣֻǽ֮ءڣǲŵĵططѧУ֧ӵİҵ֧ǿ㣬ᱻó￪ʼչ׳ֱΪҵδûĵ壬һ壬һ˴ĵĿʼ裬Ǹδģ
ѾϢ߼ҲʼѡλٱԽһΪǸɣҪѡǧǧսоĻٱѧУнѵΪԼǰ;ɻ
һԭ˵еЦҪڲٳ֡һͳиͬص㣬ϲξϸѵͷһЩԳĻ
ٳûԣСûᡱƤĶũӵܳɻƽɶˣ
һɽͷ棬һȺ˾һֻǸпĿǰĳ档ȺУдŽģҲгӵġһ׵ļԱӲĽ״ˡ
ݻ˵žӣܿʾӡͨʱڴ죬ʱߵĶ޺ʿɣ˵㳡滰ͷ糾֮ɫղӹЦղˣҪЩ˲̶֧֣ʱھ棡ǽİҵҲǴ˧İҵиŵĵطˣղҪпգĳ͹лҶ
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仰һ˵߾ͶǻֻǵɨһۣĶӣԷ
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ᵽʴͬʹӣеղӺ޶΢Цһǧͷģھʲôֿ֣
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һĳתۼͱӿϵ·ĽٱӵסЩһֱڽǵһҲЦһӻ֣ʮʲߣ³һ￴ҴҴʿϵıǣٿĲҲƵĸϹΧһͻȻǣҲǵͷҶףһ²ٴҵóչǹӲô򵥣
һ˵Ҳʡֻǲķ֣ǰ˽е㵣ǵѾһźˣСӺ˺ôһȦӵأһһҡ
Сӣͨˣ
һ˼Цľһ裬ҵʳȥ򷹡ʿеС̬޷ǾǽʳһףǵĻǳһסһһӵľʿŵӺһ˵һҲЦʱشֻгʦַλʦֳִ̾ʦ쿡֪ôתӣȻ˽ĻͷŴǶŵòֱĸػԵķˣζŵأ˧ĳԵù֪Ͱѿҵնóˣ
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Сӣ￪С
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쿡ЦŵȴޣһӵİëȴӢۣҪʵ۵˵Цǲðִ̣ˣ˧صһһ˵ϡһƽǶ쿡ЦЦԼʰŽ쿡Χȹһͦ㣬ղҪɴ൱ҳӵˣ
쿡һڵϣں汬һЦҲڶǺݶһۣɫȴ˼֡һΪ˺͵ļǸһˣһЦÿʣüǵȴǱ¶ţ
һڵĺЦУҸطԡԱһĸʲҲɢԷ˼ȫڷ棬ֻǲסһȴһµԳԺȺȣʱЦߵļ䡣ǰģһɵı顣
֪ʲôʱһͳȥ϶Ҳͣͷ߰˰ٺŽٱͷǼȣŷڿǵĴ˧һͻȻĳĬΧЦҲͻȻüžΧһƬѻȸֻеղŻգʱԽԽ
˶͸ʱһͻȻվһǰӣư裬ʣˣһߣƺһ㣬ݺһţֽǰ߷
˧ʮʲһ˶ûһݳ𣬼󲽾͸Ϲȥ
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Ҷٻеηɵĳ͢ȻҪ˳ʣҪ˽֮أҲھ͢˽ȫٺͽҲǷϽȫ
Եʦŵսനսսð˵˳ѳչףԳôˮʦʿô˵Ϊ±ס˳ʣΪұסһˡ͢ȴҪһ˫ˣҪڳΪס߽ǧװ
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нٱʱֹס˺žÿ˶վñֱǸֳʦ쿡վֱƴǸӡ
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Ӿٵʿһת趪һءƤѥ޷ƺصĶУ¶šӴӵĹٱȻ뿪һֻǸĿ͡ת˲֮䣬ֻʣ˿յķ
һĬһĶݵݣϵòֻǲȴǰһʣ˧ⶼģ
ʵ벻ĳ͢޴ĵزΪ˼飬ŷĲš
һĿһһ壬ֻ뱣סʱģҲ͹ܲƶǵĸµ飡ģˡξٶļʲôӦҲںѾˣҹǰȻ͸ңҲסһ·龫ǣ
Ǽһ㣺ٴȱǮôѹôͽᣬҶˣ
仰Ǿһ񣬲ֺɵĿһһҪסʣ͹Ϊѵˣʲô취ǰѹأ
һЦЦҲ̷ͬ͡ͻȻĵ籨İҲ־ϲԬ鱨׼鷢ˣȴе㲻š͢ȷ޿ɾҩˡ
صظϹϷž˺ð죬Լıݹڱ棬͹ûиõнֻԼ⣬ֻеת۹ͷ΢ԵеӲûдﵽ͹õĻҪݰϷӵúܺãܾе̲ˡ
ʵϷĩˣҲ޴ӷĵطһϵоٶҪ͢Ƶùǽʲôᣬýû뵽»˳͢װӣǲɢӵܣ߽ƶҲûû뵽ôһᣬڲ̽̽Ϸǵĵ׶
ˣҲѡվ
ڳʣһҪסûκɣὫﶪձ˵Ϊ˲ڷ仯С˵Ю£Ҳ绽űҪǧװĴҵǶô޴
Ψһеɻǣ̷ͬΪʲôҪЩͶµĻ̷ͬõѡǹϺ֮أôʱѸ¡Юݴ񣬻Ҳ˳ȴƫƫֻǰһ뷢ôһݵ籨ȴûа纮ѵ˼еˡ̷ͬһһ۾ܿͨͨ͸͸Σȴеǳˡ
һϾɣʷı˾ңԤϵͬһ춯صķ籩
Լ˼ͷǸ쿡ȴͻȻһĵͷ壬׻ͷĿ㵸ӣһֽУʰҪ˧

죬ء
ѹȴù
ĿϻС֮ϣֻһˣûҹŪƴȴǸӵķҡ
ղԯͷҲԼı껭ղԯͷҲɫӡ껭ûգղԯݣԽԽһĹ
ڹ꣬ȴҪ죬ձǩԼ
Ƽļ꣬ױǩ֮󣬾㻭˾šأֻôһ
Цžٱȥȥ

Ӣ硣
ٲЩӵĿԣѾ˺ܶࡣԱϲĺתٲȴ֪Լһ־ȼոɾˡ
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ѾھΪ۹ȡһ˿ᡣ
һͻĿֽȥһЩô
֪ΪʲôٲľԼѾЩˡֻǩԼȻصɽȥ
δΣµӢۺǵ̨
ȥȥ


ڶʮ ߺҵ꣩
ʮβͻʱܶͷȴǵƻͨ
⣬˸ڣڵʿǹڶװ˴̵ڵƻֱվţעÿһӦھ٣һһѲλ°ȫʲô©ľܾ飬Դ뿪֮󣬻ǵһΡÿƺһϼҲƣص˼սµУ
һ£ӸطϹǡʢڡղӡ̾֡ڵýֵ̾ܰ죬籨ֵܰ죬ȫüһáҲǾӢݳǶޣʿɣ½ƽԬȸ߼٣Ҳȫ룬ڱǲӭЩһ´Աٴˡ
ƻУµº粢ڶС
Ȼ˹ɶͷǰһȻ֮ԺУȫһƬڰֻת֮һյƸ֮£վһŹεУһУѻȸֻµµѥôʯ·ϵĻ졣
ģ˰ɣҪ˵ˣ͸ñţǰŵĸڳһ֣е˧ǩѺͷ
УµͻȻðôһ仰ָĬһ󣺡Ӧöˣ˵Ѿߵ㣬˧ʱ˭ҪǳٵҲýˡ
µһЦ򣺡ϣλɡˣʡյʱ˿ӣ
ɫһӣ̣ôҲ˵ݰˣҴڶˣ
µֽβſЦһ˭ħߣģһΪͨأûУ¶Ұﲻ㣬ȫԼĹ䡭λȥ
Ҳº˵⣬ڰ־ͳһȥǶһ
ͲһʲôˣһҪ£ǵӶ֪
˵ʵڵģҲںⱲӣҲûܵ¾޼̫ôݾеıݣ̳ȥǴǶ˿ûô˿֮û߰˶ӣʮͷԺϽ㣬˭չٺ»ͼּһӣһ겻İٶϢԺǰûǮ˿һŸʮϽʱʮ꣬͵͵һЩ强ǮôڣУʵ޿
£˭Ūú˭Ū쾭ĵһڰӵܣҲ御ûǵĵĳĶȥˣǺǣǾǡھͷЩЦǴСͿҪһҲôġ
ͷͨˣڻǰģȴɣ
һˣڽͷǰ;ôһԽˣĶڴ彭ɽǽǵ飬䣬ÿһ仰ÿһҪ룬ǲھϽͷ¶׸һΪһ·޵ݣΪԼܱϽˣû뵽ҪϽصĺӣҪǸԼָָ㣬˵ý㵱ŰŻ³ĵλˣ
治ںСӵǳͷһӵ̵
鲻ԽĳǩѺ￴ȥժ¾ñεȻ̾˧ʲôʱһĵˣ˶ԲϽ㣬ͷԵסˣ

ȻǩѺͷǩѺڣ캶ҡЩӼһģţҪһǰҪվ𻶺
һǩѺͷѾӣĴ칫ʱߣǽһʽɳǩѺ䣬һֵĴͼ۵սСߵͼɲóģһôͼΪ˸һ𺳸У
ڷͼңһֻĿ⾼ĿˣȻһĻӣЦһɳ棬һƵı顣һ²ݣֻǻ֮⡣βһóôһƻ漰ڹ⣬棬ʾƵãһţĻ£Ϥڸض˼ͨλµŮ˭
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Ҫ˳һưҲ˳ǷԱߣһīĴһ棡
⸱ͼĶˣԶһ첿ͬ˳һɫļͷȺӳֱȱˣϺɫͷϣ
һͼײ׼ԱһӺ·ܶѸٵıϣưװ㳯͢ҪڱǧӵܵװôӾ͸Ϊǿ˼װ֮󣬽ӷϣ糯ʣ·ȹ֮£СձʮҲԲ֮ʦϣٺͽһ
һµĶӣǰϣ׳֮١
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һ壬µλ߹͵̲Է⡣λˣҲת˲顣ƻλۣһⰺȴ˶е
һĿɨһȦ˶һ𾪼ӣͷһЦڷʵҾΣ͢Ҿ͸߳͢ҲߣұҲƻʲôʣҾ˵һһϸϸĥ͢жһܲţ
һ仰ƺ˴Ӽлѣ׮׮ʶʱӿ˳һʵ̫ˣ˾ɣ͵Ѹ£ѱ䣬͸ÿνˡһ̶ʱ䣬ߵһѵ¹̲ŵʮ֣һɣ¾ͻֱת£
վģȻʢüͷ˧תýϣ·䣬õֻ»ִֵ̾
һһЦΨһĺ·սԻϣܰװ˷ѣ½·ߵͨӲȴ򱱾ˣ
Ȼ͢ձϣӢȹҵȫˮʦˮ·ȫȷȥˣҪǿжҺϲ·ʱ֮κΣ
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ʢȻˮһͽŴʣ˧θȷϣȷ˳ʣǿ֧ձ˴ϾκԼǴٳɵģֲãҵȾͳΪĹУþ棬һ
仰ʳͷɻ󡪡Ҳ⣬һֱЦء
˾ȸվ˼һ˵ĵһѺ֣ӴİסżսµһԾӳ֮ϡչزһֱһƣ͢ãæҵֻӦĹϵͳģȻһȰͷʵӪãȹԼͼȡĹǾõѡγ͢պԼһĲ³ֻǰĻУȻᣬͨ磬һڴ˿Ҳ㹻ˡοðķأ
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ĵǿ棬ҿΪλȷǿӢǵͣ˴ս£ƫձȫ鶼ڶǱһ֧Կŵһվ֮ϣ׳ƣԱ֮֮ӢǿѡҲˣǺײŴձѵҪ͢ɵϣӲɵϣ
һǩѺ˻صÿ˶ҡѵʱĲһˣⶫһУҪȻΪʲôôţ
ʢͷͽŵɫ˵̾ܰＸ䣬Ц˧Ȼ˾Ǿ°աֿ̾Գʮͻ֡βˣҪȻܳĴࡣʮһǧû⡣
һ΢Цͷݾͳվ𣺡˧γ˭ͳ˭ȥ磿
ǽ⣬ǿɲж⽻Ĺǣֻǹ
һЦЦ䣬Ҳû顭ҳĿǣĸӪͬһ˰ɡʱסϣҪһԱҴҳͽޣҽô
һվһڱһɤֱÿͷ˧ʲôңˣưʱ˧
һûüʾͣڵЦ֪ͲˡһһȥɫѿĿ»ǿ״ͷӣԭĽƻֵ޶
һһۣҪȥڽҲеùˡ˭ɣϵ͢޴ֵزҪǲ뿪ϣҲδظǩպԼ
ҡ֣ҲȥͷҲۣʵܲıһѣ滯ôУ۵ó˧Ҿһ仰϶Ҫʹ˧ľٶϺãӣһ£
ġһû˵ʲôڵǵһۡ
˧˭ȥԶݲɫֻԼְ֮ڵ⡣
ʳе䳡ȥȻ顣ݺͳ϶Ҫģд˶ڣһ̣һƻٵĽ˵̩ɽ¾Զ嶫ҪһԱȫϵҳϵĽ졣Ȼ˴Ĺʿɺͳ½ƽʸ񹻵ҲʶȤĲȥȺӿɲ򵥣һͶǲ۴·ߣþ͢յĵ̡ǳ͢޾˵ģȥȥǽǣһм¶޷֣
Ĭ㣬½ƽʿͬʱ׼Ը¡˧ҵһ˳ҪҵҲ˲ˡһǰͷ˧ȥɡ߶ʶҵ٣źͳ¾žôϤǵ˶࡭ȥ죬׼Ŵ֮һ֮ڣʦϡ
˵ģԬվΪ̬ȶ̣һϣЩʣӢ֮һԽ˭֪һǸݽɫ
һĿһ΢΢ףãȥͷӡ
ԬͶЧ֮һһĽ仰ͱԬϴɾϷ޳ǱһĸϵһԱ
΢΢еɧԬȴɫԹԵ¡һҲתͷޣʱ䣬ܼѡ񣬱ôϴĶѸ٣Ҳȫ㣬©˰Լ֪Σ
صͷûüġѾվִ˧˵ף¶ǲɣ
Ӷһ𣬿ǡһЦЦôɣ
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ֶ̾ÿͻҪǮԱ첿ҪǮס֮󣬼ձ໹ǲɢҪǮ˵ʾõĲˣ˧˵зӣڻûƳ˧ʲôӣȴֿôһӣѹҪǲ⣬ңҲͬ˧ɴ˱ϣ
Ǻɵģ񣬾ǾӪھӪûһüĿҪд˴٣ܴĸǶȣһ˵˴죬ҲҪԣ
̬˼ңղϴˣԸľګ棬ʱҲ̲סе㵣ġһȴһЦҲǫãһ۷
ٴˣ˲磡˧޳ﻮʽ֧ţ˧ǣĳԱ߰æʰŲڣӡ
ʲôˬˬ˵գǲ֪ιҶ켱ͷˣ˴˧£ҵģ
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һ仰ӶһĿȴһͶһһĿִԼ̡ʵҲڽһʡһȴ־£ô˴ξ棬Ҫ¶վѡˣЭùսĿһгѭҲһͶ״͢Ҫʰһ£Ƕǲ³͢ģһЭĿվסһŲǵһɲԼǿ飡
֡һڹδãֶ󿴵óơ֣ȴõþ죡
ŴеĿ⣬һϻһ˿Ī΢ЦȴֹӿǴԽģʱĻգ߰˻ˡ
֮ǲŲ⡭ЭΣаյǶ٣͢ղЩԸ͸ǣ
ЦЦٴûڵط٣ͷǲ֪ġطյæ︳ضϷʡݻ룬ͬ˰˰룬ЩҪ͢ģҽʡݲôһȴǵطֵĺóϢһʡƶҲаԴ˧Ϊƺ˱ȥʵ⳯͢ߣʮģƺø忪ˣ˭֪ƺ־Ƕǵ˽ʷ˧ҪЭãĸʡݣֻҪԸͣƺͷ￪֧һʾˣ͢浱طͲǮҪûǮ˭Ը⵱٣ڻǮԼһи³˭ɵӣ
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ӵĴ󺹣գաǶЭأþƾʱǺá
ڶĴһٴдߣնԸðǺα׷˧
һ仰ʱͽǺѣЦԣ˵ǡǵڶأʲô
תͷ΢΢һһ֣ڶӣǴ˧ˣֵ̰á
һһֱĬǺ֮壬ʷ£Ҷʲô˵Ҳѹơ˵ˣ˵͸ˣж־Ȼͳһˡÿ£Ĵ٣ûµȫͶ룬ܹ£
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仰˵ôҸĿɿڴްءϷأһǧƣӢǿøһһ˵ҲͣԼ˴ξٶöѡվҲǿҲҪѡվ
ʱһǿӢľǳɢ֮ʵͬˣ¹ŷţԶţ˫档Ϊ˴Ӣ۹Զ桪ر¶ӡȣжԶĲۡΪöĿתŷޣȥ͵¹ŷ޷ͻǵʵ߽ͬ⡣Ӣֱڲϧһд۷ֲһ޶ƶŵ
һǸʱգձǸ೵Ӣ˳ˡӹҵϵӽ裬ӢձٷֲͰԴԴĴձһ֧ȫӢʽոսнӣձȻһԾҵǿ֮֡
ı˵ʷȻѡڶչʾҪձ׸»𳵣Ǵ峯͢һģƶţǺúɣˣҲͶ㱾Ǯ˵ⱾǮйԼģ
˴ϯδϾůֱַϣ³çʵǾ˼ǡ˵Ǹı˵Ŀʼô˴һǸı˵ľһ
ֻᣬܷŹ
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˶ͬȻĸ߼ǸŸ񣺡ҲΪ˧Ч

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ǳĬβŵԣΪʲô˵Щ
΢Цٴĳסʱؼʱʲô벻ͨˡʵǴ˧Ҹ仰ϣܳʱ򣬲Ҫֻ׷
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ĬĬͷǽܵȫʽԣգҲûȥ
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լȻǺϷʳΪʢլۡһʮ꾭ӪȻȨλѾɢңȻǺϷʳΪӵĴڡ
쾮УѾµһɫƤ磬վѩС
ѩ׷׶䣬ճϣҲĺϡ
Ȼ֪վ˶á
쾮˽Ų̤ѩ¹ʿ˹ʿĵܵܣʿģ塣ʿΪʲô˶֪ȥʿ򣬵ȻҲȥͶһɴùϷϼһҲԶضӦ˵ʱʵѾȪ֮ˡ
¹ڡ̸˵ȥʮ꣬һ仰ȥʮ꣬ڵٵ쵰ȫˣҲɾ
͢⣬¾ƣһ㶼ġҲ̽Ŀڷ磬ܸܲƺһһֻЦʲôﳯ͢ͷӺһǸ䡣һôܸˣҪҸʲô
һⳤĵ籨ȴͷӳ籨ӣ´ϻһġ
ãѩվʱ䳤Զˣůһ°ɡʿ͵ͽȰҲ֪ôһ¶Ҳ˵ڡЩ飬ҵµģ
Ȼһ·仰ŴԼ뵱оѡͷЦӳǣԭߺҵôⷨ˰죬Ƕˣӳǣ˵˵ҳǣ
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ʿɫǲҳǵʦ˵Ĳеġ
ºǺǴЦЦѩͷԵе̼϶ǸӣҶˣӳǣһȥĲУߺҵ񡭡
ʿ˵ֻǲ³Ժȥ
쾮֮Уֻ㼣
ʮ磬Ҫȥˡ


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թ˵ǺԼʲôʱǩŮ鳤ҡǼѾͷ⼸صģžʩС请꣬ʲôʱǽôˣ׷ǧԺ˭ơǩǩأӱҲûưļûˣСӹҲҷˮָȫ꣬Ӿռ֮أͳһǰһﻹҧңͷҲѾŵ˼ޣҪˣٸɵ¶Ӷĵúܣ֮Ǿ͸ɲ˴飡
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վʱͷ˼ٵĽŲǩѺžͱƿǵͨĻһݳֽͳ˽˧ǽǩˣ
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ڽհ죬ʸձ˰ƽѸձǧ򡭡һУĶüҵ׶죡
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ձԼȫݣͷĳֽ档Ĺϵߵĩ£ѾĴ͸硣ȻʶôҲʹٳϹϵʢˣڱؾʦϵǸٹ̣ķϽ˵ϻټǮ·Ԭȥ첿Ա鱨Ѽ֣ʱڽ֡ת˼ӣȻĸīϷӣԼı޸ģϷ֡˵طܣ·ߣµˣҹϷӳ˼λƣͿ˵ϻˡ
Ϸӵľ֣һˣͷȤȱȱָϷӵСüĿһϷӾǻȡͷС˼˫̨ٻǧӻѵŸǣ㳡֮󣬴ҾͿһЩ强ˡ
ʮĺƱӿʢڣ۶ûһ䡣ľΪʱҲΪɿϢԼȫıĳ˵Ѿ˴Ļִ͹
µۡҡͷЦ
Ϊ˶Ըһʲôǲģ࣬ȥôڳ£㻹һӣ֪ѾױˣǸʲôķʽϹʬѣȷˣ£ҵˣ
һֶҲߣȴҲ̲סݷĳ嶯
ⶫǸֵϵһϵʱڱУȻͱڲͬ
˧˹顭֮ڲżô仰
һһЦһӣѸµ¶ҪˡЩɵ磬Ҳŷ˰ɡ
ڱϾҲǼģ˵ˣһڲûôղе㼤ҲƽЦƴŽ˯Щ¶˧ˡһ׮˼˧þƣ
һЦøʲͨǵĺþƣ죬Ϳ彭ɽôɣ

ϽĵůͷһյƻĶ
Դú԰࣬ͲϽͷˡú԰ãǹסĵطŻ飬ȵȣú԰
ǽҹȴú԰ϻϽڣҲҪ˸ţֻ̫࣬һյµƣĵ˭Ҳʵ˼
ĵůһͨСͷɨøɸɾƻ֮£ͿʮȲݺ˵õķڵϡ
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ĿȲݣƻ͵ӰͶ˴ϡ
ǧضҪˣɴ壬ǧôϣһʡѾ˳ȥ¾ޡ؜ТˡǲܶԸǸһԸڱӣӴͼΣɽһѾҪıλˣѾӵΪƶݿˣһҲѣóȫºһ˰ɣ
Ըưѡ
Ըձӿѡ
Ը׹ǿѣ
ԸЩ۵ӿѣ
飬Ұ¾ޡ؜
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ܳƱ붫ʮʦף֮磬֮
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ѣ˵Լڹʮʮʮǩڴ򺣹ӣԼı֮ʿڳֽ֣ȱҰģгѣ
˱д֮ģҵ׳ʿ޷֮⣡ҲţΨҵ˺󣬻ʦ϶٣ҵѽ˳ִưֱĽȫҹ֮أ˷˲ʦ֮̾أĲʦһ죡
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οһ˾٣ѾǵĲȫ̽ҡձٺһָʤҲձһڶҪ֮սһԿɳ֮
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һĶһһϴٽҹʱһݷ¸ضɵַ˳ҹغЩɵͬ޷˯Ķǵİͷϡ
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ַƼеˣȴиԵ·ߡ
ֵǷĴպ̸ղ󳼣ղԯǰͷһת˲䣬ѾſȸôԱĻͣŵ磬ѾһҸɾɢˡţǽϣŽȫٵġʫ򸳣ҪվͣܿеĲɳ
һӵάķӪȴûˣ̯˿
ģױӼ鳼˹ͷաԩҪػСǮӶƲһ
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ĵɴ۾ϸ̷ͬƺҪͳ˲ͬһ㡣һЦﻹҪ̫ͨү֮ӺˣͰҿŶˣȼ鳼ǹУǽʣ

լԺ֮ڣ鷿լͷԱ˲٣ֻһЩͻšһ仯֮棬ʱƺûѹӹ鷿ͷовˣֻеˣͷʱȴЦ
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ǶͻȻЦЦỨˣҲǺˣǲ˵һϢô֪֪ҵıīϷϾͲˣ˺ԼߣΪʲôҺס˵ʵڵģлл㣬Ұ־棡˭뵱󳼣Ѱ˼ţȥԺ󣬴ŶȥԼׯѧֵأʱһҲɶĶûˡһҲɱˣʱʲôûˣǻܹŷ룡ⲻǺңǾ
̷ͬһΣȴû뵽ÿּ͢Ҫ˻ؾô
һЦڰ֣͢Ҫ⵨ɱˣҲ䵽زˡˣ˭Ƕ׵ģɱң˺ģ»ĵĴ󳼺ģ˲𶪹ȥְˣ㲻٣Ҳ׼ɣʵΪﲻæģ
̷ͬմգЦǺǳ׳ˣϱ߶Ҳףû취ԸһҪ͵ЩˡһͨϢҲδû˼ɣ
һ仰˵̷ͬһ𣬶Ŀ졣Ǹӹų޺Ĺͷӣе̫үȡڹٳô꣬ƶһٳŵܲ
ʱ̷ͬګګҲ֪ν͡
˾˽һεĻǻֻǵ˵ôһ䡣
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̷ͬҲæվһֱֹ˷ɵЦݣûôһͦ棬һ·ת˴֣ڸʲô󣬻ǿĳı׼ʹˮ

һûеҲûڼ龫ǵĿһٶҹǩѺȴķӦһݷҪȥͨġѾһЩ̽ˣӦԣҪ⡣
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һֻԼУɽأȺͷҲ֪Լˣ¾Ϳһ䣬ˣ
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һҡҡͷش𣺡ûʲôʧȥһö֡Űɡվɻ˸ɻˣ黹ûæأ

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ձ۹ٲģ


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ŴϵĴ־˵ͻȻ仯ʮһһʼԵҼӡɫ˵ȣеǰ̾ˣյİвеȴѪڣ۾Ŀⱼڵټձ˽֮ΪעšǵĴϣ˶ԾԾģһķ糱С
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һȻǺܲͼ¶ʽֽССĳһھǣѾŮ֮ơ⼸һ壬ȴϸˣСֵһòۼɶһ֪ԼƫƫĿԼ岻ս𡪡϶ôƵġۼһһһķһɱòֺһöӶụ̂˧ĴֻʣһˣǸٵģϽ
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һЦǣ˧Ϊ̣ӢۺΪӣСŮ˵ʲôҲǱȲϵġ
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мĵģɴ࿪ͭ¯ľ̿꣬ǶԳԵ۾Ҳиӡ䣬ðĵ⻹ǲЩ棬õ壬ʵҲ塪ʶֶĶࡣһǸڣûθڣҲҪʣָһڸӭ밲ģ
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һһ̸¶˵ʵڵģ͵첻լܣǸ˿ˣҲ̫ɸ˵͵øУҲɡϾǰǸŮӣɱһǿö࣡͵ⷽ棬ͳǴ粻ҪЦ硣
˵ˣ˸񣬿ɳƽ̸ţ黭ͨһֳʣ̸գסֻС˫̥ˣеϧš
Ҳ֪һ˧ãʱ˭Ҳôûڴûд²Ц⣬ϲ¶˼һҲ𣺡ԣλȱ̬ˣ
΢Ц˽۾źȦǾ񼫺áͷǼˣҲʶȤվЦŸˣڴ͵Ŀ⿴˿ıӰЦŮӣֻ¶ˣ֮ף˧
ڲƽˣй򣡡һҲڿЦļҶôעͷ㣿
渧գ˧ȴû뵽Ƥɣվǰͷڿˣո˧ɣԸЭһʮ
һҲ֪ϲѧϲ£û¶ڶУϰǹԳưٷСս»ܵʱϱҪѼѫӵԳɾҪȥոʧձӼߵ͢͡Ҳ׼ıߵûϴһѾӴ塣λ渧̾һһңγ͢ʣһϱҲܶλеѪµѲθڡȻ˾ģͷһӱЧһʮ
һڶһЦ飬˵һ˿ͷȻ˸˵ѾںϷ̬ԸЭϣһ糱𴦣·׷ѾҪ䣬Ҳȷ˼䡣ΨһеľǶٶľƣѲͷڣǳӣʣ޷Ǿ沨ˣ
ЦԣȻû̬Ҳˡͣ͢Ҫӵ̷̷үӳɽӺѲתܶ˼һҪ̷ˣǿܲڴ˧󰲸ӣѾõϢܶӦ˵սδʦ̾ᳯϣ֮أδȻءȻ˵ȷί֣֮в⣬볯͢ʱƳٷһӦϾ͵ְ˧˭Ҹ͢аˣţӦҲϸ˧̬ҪЭˣ̬ȣȻ㲻ˡ㡢㡢ڽɽ͢У
ϣǴ˶డһֻǵĸһ䡣̬չˣУҲûô˷ܡ
˧һָõΣ
ȶѡվˣԸߵģǡʲôطһһᣬȹˡԣʱֻ²òΥŵء
˧ʲôŵԣ
һȴ̣һЦǡҲʱҪΥŵԣͻʹ壬ͻȻ¡ʵڿǻʲô취ɽʣˮ

ڣ͹ĬȻþòһźģҲֻӢһ̫վڲԶʱһ۾
գѾ˼ʱˣʲô취
һһʹú԰ͷʱھ͸һϢʱѵôãͷһ촫Ϸһ¡ȻҲźţҹݣĶţǸϣ̫Ϸүꡣ
Ϸֵ̨ʱϢ´ͼ齣̫ǼɤӽͣģϷ̨˽סϷ̨Ҳľܣ
Ǹʱֻÿͷתһ仰峯Ҫ꣡
ﲻ˵ڴߡźĹŮǸʱͲ˳ȥͶһɣǩԼָ֪ư־ܡһźĸ񣬺޲ðĶ͸Ҳȥ˽ӣ˸ɾǵóһҪȻһ˱ǣһŶϷ˵մʱʢŭȥﻹΪأҪڣ뿪ȴͷϵĴݺˤһƣ
ĳָףӵѪʱ״ùŮֽֿУǵ˼ż죬ϲú԰͸ֵøĹ԰һ
ƵͷϣôҲ뷨ӦԡǸȥͣҪؾ˼Ҫȶڹ˵ǷֵضǧҪһЭͨ磬͢ǵ
ΣʵҲԤϵõضǺеص糯͢ʳ͢ôǩԼ̽붯һܶλã̷߽ܶһǲǸ̷֮ͬһӣȴǴĵĵһΣܶӦܲ
ģֱǰƺǰ
̷ͬҴһ˱ƺץ˾һ㣬æĴú԰ֿ˵һա˴˼һȨ̷ͬһ֧¾
͢˥˼㣬Ϊ͢Ϊ֮طı̨Ŀֻ̨ķֻ͢˾壬ûаסطˡҪȨֻһ֧¾
͢¾Ѿ˺ЩʱˣһֱûֽСһΪʵΪѣ˭ҲûһǵȰҵı¡¾˭˭У͹֮ǵ˵΢Ļ˭֪ܲ
µ񣬻ʲô취
װְ֣һ飬ҪưļѾûˣҲÿסûб֪ʲôʱһͽ˱ǣ
ҲŲסһ¹ڵϺװְ֣ܶԲ̷ۣͬͿΪѾظ˵ֱͿʮ˵ųҪ͢ʲôǮֻҪһ壡һҿǴʢĲǺ˵˴ʢתֳ֧͢ȻᣬѾһϣˣܴۣ
źͲķ˾̫ˣֻǿŹһǿŴʢģôôеϣҲ㲻¶ʱһʲôȨڲ˨һϣ¶ۣҵ˼ǣٶˣǶŬܸܲϽĽǲɡ
һֱװְ֣
ҲҡͷҪҲָסһʲô˵ģȥְɣͿǴڣǲǻˣ


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ʮһͷ;أԷ׷ɵжɹġͷԣĸ׼ЭˣڴĶ֣壬һֶˣĵ˵һ׼ֱӦһڽĶҵʱĩͻȻôһ췭ظı仯ĸɫ˵˷ܵ㵸弾һƬ֮£ڸŵľôһ޲˼Ļɽ
͢˵һŵĻѾͣսʤأøɸɾڴ£ƺ˿״ָ̬ˣָ飬ˮ棬ʱı£˶۹ۿⳡľͷ׽һֳ棬أⳡ磬һжɻҽ
˭֪£Ѿ˲䲻еĵزˣ
𡪡Ѿ˽³ΪˡһûйӡһֱʮĴͳţȫϰࡣŹͰ䷢ֳҵ飬δ֮ڣ֮أͶǧϵͶʣ˽֯ۡú̿ͨ촬ҵֳҵڵģΧ֮ڣȫ壬ҽõµȫ֧֡Ҳṩ̹ɹļֳҵҵһյٶ̰ģʽ𣬽ҵίһԱֻṩϵ֧֣Ҷȷֳҵҵܱ֤ȫ壡
ֳҵĸͬʱģѧﱸĸ棬ֳﱸĸ档
ѧǱ֮¡һѾ֮ڣʮʦѧУʦʣӲзּƶȡ͸¶ʽƶȻհձάԺĽƶȣ͵Ƚ񻯣߹ʣиߵȽӢֺͶѧ˵Ĵͳˡʱǣֽƶϵʱġ
ֳﱸĸ浹ûʲô˵ģֻǱʾһʿĴʹ֣ల°ɡһУȫײֻкû洦ֳֻҵ߾Ľʱ籩ײ㳹״ݿܻˡҲûҪƵԶԶǲǣ
һЩĸ棬ȱˢµľģӹ˵ɵĴ죬ôϽײһһҲ̫ƽһˣһ־£̣ѾǴܵУԼһȫ̸ˢµУ
͢ҲûţҲڼ䣬ˢ¸گǶԴƶģʿ񣬶࣬ǿƵ䣬нܴ˵²ת೯͢Ρ
³Ŀʼһگ
ְگ̷ͬζպ̸ղ󳼣ڱֺˡ
گзӪ¾Ϊ̸֮űһȲΣ̫̫ۿȸᣬ뾩á
ѧگͣگ¡
͢æҵһگ鷢ۻҡ˶óЩگþһһģΨһֵӵľһ壬뾩׼ļ¾Ӧһս׼쵹ˣ¾Ҫļ˲ôǮôҪǣʱô
˫ͲһƤ͢گ鵱Уһһ֣һĸͷҲûг͢İָϵ߶·׼ֳһʤ
·ľͷʲôľ

ԬˣҪ⣿߲·׳СӶȲϣ
ڴӾǵڵĹٵ档ʱ֣ٵҲԵ࣬յĲ;̶ӣʱҲϡࡣ·Щסޣר߿ļëС꣬Ҳûҿţ̹·Ϲιֱ˹ͷ
Щ˵Ϊһˣְ֣һɫƤްźñᶬñͿ֬һ߿Ͽ͵ģǸԬ´żسĸ½·ֱ⡣⼸죬ÿ춼ȥһٶ·ǲڿׯ׳ڣʱëƬʪ·ˮ̳Ҳơÿϣǹ֣ô˸·˶ܲˣ
ԬҲеֱҲҧšһҵڼÿһͼһֻرײżȦӣôŹһ·Ǵס꣬ӽֱ֮أڽ飬ôۣܲһ˳һռط׷ĵϢԽö࣬ԬԽҧ·˶ǵ¶ˣھԬ
ҪдʢڣԭҲòԬôࡣȻѾܶҡһΣЩ𿴵̲࣬Ҳ򣬵ִΪеʱһУܸЧԱɴݿκζ֣
ҪԱ򶫱ݻϣǮСηã;ʳʲɹҪǮдʢһŻƱ飬ʢ԰æְˡڣòϺ˼ʮĺƱðĺƱӲɢǮٲɹ齨УηѣҷѷÿͷϣȫӪ
˧ΪʲôҪѴʢүﳯأԬͷŸֳʣӲѹȥ̧ͷ˳ָһԾȻһķ̿ŶЦЦɣˡҴˣϰ壡ôˣ
Ȼ˵úȴͷԬݶָս̫ɣѾ½֪θ·ȥ⣬ԼӹǶµƴ·ҲҶǾþĥľол˲˰ﶨһۣǶ࣬ԬĥˣԼϣҲƴϵ·
һҶ˵ʲôӵԬ˷̣Ԭһúһصˤڵϣҿ·ÿ죬䶼ˣ
̻ӭϿͣ࣡ͷ·Եʲôɱ±ҲãǮҲϣǷģҪȥ̣·ϹүԷǮԵӣͷŶ
бسס˻ƣ̯ӣͷôǸ·ˣһͽƵġв˳θصٲСʣ
һ˽˷̣ͷģһζͳѾӵζյĸѹڷǽܣס˷硣̺ζһĴ·С̣ľ߿ˣ˭ںɾɾ
ֽͷҲͶžˡ󹦷ӱˣͷȫˡһǶ˵ˣŰͷ⵹ͷ׼õʱͿſͻȻһһȺ󺺴˽
ȺƤͷǽСӣӶͷûñӡﶼһͷƮŻ롣󺺵Уһ棬ʮĹĵģƤͷһԵĵۣ۾հֻһײףģžһŤҸоõúأԴһֱҲˣ·˭۵¡
Ⱥ˽ƸϽӭϣųްķƹ񶼴ӹ̨ͷӭˣʦ֣ôпСꣿԵʲôŪȥ
Ǵŵ۵ʦ۾հĲ˵д󺺺ǳ⣺ʦϣǷ̹׶ǻģԸëЪЪȣȳŴʦϾǣ
ԬԱ߿ţﺺӹȻĶŰŶЬһҪԶ·ӡԬ¾бӵܣԱҲĤһ·Ҳ˴忪̳ׯׯȭӣмȴû뵽ϿˣȻȭĴʦ֣
ϰϽȥ᳤ʸһ߻ƨ⼸죬üԶضĴʦֶˡ˵ǻṇ̀ʦһȥôҲƷ֪ү˵ͷĸַʲôţ죿
Щ󺺷׷£Ԭĸ֣ȴһæˮһյϽĲѵݸʦ֣ʦȴӣ΢΢۾ָǽϹŵƣëӵĶˡ
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ϰ岻ʦ΢΢üëߴѾСӣ׼иʮֶӡ˵ǸëӣļҵжëӵĶշӰǵ꣡
ƹͨһ͹ˣʦ֣׵ģǿɲëӰ̳ͷҲûҶ˹ʥǿǴĴۣ˹ӵƣȥ
ƹ̬ȣʦֻ⣬ֹסߴӿȥԬߣҲԻˣͷ⣬۸ɾһĸҪһֹ£һֹ
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Ԭȴͷվæͷӣ۵˭һ·ٳԻ磬˭Сģ
̬ȣʦֺ⣬΢΢¶һЦݣǰһӦõģҪ˽侻̳ʹߡԽԵ磬Ǿǲµġ
Ԭ²ҪЦƫƫԬȴɫ֣⣬ǿںǻóˣҪǴʦָ㣬С֪Ǻϼңĺ٣εʦ֣ҲԵ֣֪ʦڿ̳̳ҲԸУʦֺúý
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׼˵˵ȥͷͻȻ֮Զ¡¡һԬ涯ʦȴһֱŵӣһĴȣˣҲϾǵٵһ죡ǣʱҲһëӵĴլסס
춯ԽԽ籩Ҳƣһͷ󺰣ׯ٨ӣˣʱ򣡡
٨ʦ֣һĲˤһأľͳȥԬ¶һۣҲߵſ⿴ȥ
ʱͨ棬ѾĶǳ̱ϵĺУһڿչͬһͷ˲֪·ɵ󣬻Ʋţǰͷһ¯ƣ
ЩǷɫңиɫеĴ컹ŰذӣƤⶼ˻ǿţеͷŮӣһ£վԽͷһһֿӣ֪ڽлڳеĴģһ·ôƵȺħ裡
ҪһЩһ۵ľϣǰǰά治֪ҳʲôӣ
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ѵ˵ָ͢ЩţԸһ˲Ū䣬׼һ˭Ҳûϵķ籩
ԬӷٵתţĿֻǿ֧߰Ķǰͷ졣
׵ͷĸɫĴ֡
죡
ǸƹıûҵƣҲǰ棬ֹֻһ䣺ҪЩܱ˻ϣǲûۣ

үӣڸ̹ǸɣѾ½ֱܶһȴʾ˵ý뼽к;һ·ӪĴҪӲأһ
˵壬ֱվںƹǰɫĵ͵
үӻסھǵǸСԺͷֻҪһ鷢мΪֱϱߴݣ
үӱԭǸ̬ҲԵ㲶ˡͷСԺ棬һ˫ӣȴó档ڿϣЦһ͵סˣͷ̷Ҳһ糱Ҳᣡ
ʦȲӲڼм½̳ȰѵطռסˣƵطٶ̳ԽԽãַԽԽãưɣһԽ󣬱ǳҲΪǳţʮ궼ˣһصô
˵ƹȻЦԽЦԽǴҲԽЦԽǷ
һһͷлл㣬û㣬ڵȵܱѩ޵ôһ죿


ʮ ĩϽϣ
̷̷˵˵ʲôͷϹ۾ˣ
¡ھͷֱܶһͷŽʮˣ׷ƽ̫ƽʱһԱôЩʶѾϧʲô鶼Ͼη⽮Ĵȣֱŭŵӣʮ꣬Ѿδϣ
һ¾δ֮ʣǾԵĳ֮͢ԭĲַӪֱʰıҲǧˣټɽսҪǲɢҲӲҪ嶽ӵ˻࣬ǧҪǲɢӪͷƴƴմգһǧֵ¡͢ҲֱþһбֱһսĻ̵̻ľ棬һ¾͸ǿѵòټһΣһ͸ɴһ֮ڣڱС²ȥ׶ס
Ҳ̷ͬȫ̸ˢ³ֵǿ֧ߣ̷ͬƵֽ˾ൣ˾󳼵ְ𡪡ȻͷھѧϰߡҪһֱʵɵȫĴ֧֣¾ûô˳
̷ͬе㽫͵ζ˵棬඼첻ˡ֪ͷӳʲôǹҩȻĸϵͷһɸߣ
ͷҲһԴӵֱ֪Լһ¡Ǵ˾ѾΪʮ꣬Ƶܶء˻Ӹ鲻¡ѾˣҲûʲôν粩һֱûжʱУ龫ǵӪͷط͸̷֧ͬڳĶ۵ÿѪϷƻԽԽ󣬳͢У
ڳ͢Ļһֽһ֣з˵ʲôų¾ֱطͲ֣㣬ׯׯȭһԭŲŵĵطȭ̳ȫҳ˰죬ʦߣʦ繷˻ֽһҼվ裬˸سͷÿ̻ҪǮǮģǶëëӣһֱʮëӳȻûɱ˵ϳһ٣һͷˮѹѹëŵ²ŵʮӡȴڽС
еĵط˾ãñ񣬲ȻΧţ
籾ģѾֵôɿˣ·ȭỹڲϹ˭Ҳ֪ô֯ôģֱ֮أһȭһðӲõģͱȭĿģΧ˸ؽ̻ҵģÿ춼һһͷͷǿ಻ԣ
ͷˣ¶ӸϽ˭ųŵķ͵˭ȥһҵ˾ǹֻҪ͢گ飬֮£Сһڶֱֱסֱʡݣ
˹ǶȴǺ󻹷ƢҪ޾ǿǻǲ⣬ҪôǺãܱһֱٳٲ˭֪Ѿһշˣϳһ֧һƫʦԶѽδһĴֱ͸һɽдߺ·һܵǣ㵹˵˵ٴұ
һڿͷϣǰطһۣطˣٷ̰˶Ҫ֧һˣȥôҲҪ˵ģԳ֮ϽټѾԱסֱֻҪ治ңһܵҪʱһͶǲܸǵĻۣгӪͷ֮ΪǸɣ¾ſɿõö࣡
һظ˵Ľԣǿͷ㱣ɵϵȫϣŵ飬̷ͬͿΪβ˵ȥô˵ŵ飬Ͼûּô͸¶˷Ҳ۲ܵøǸӣЩ飬̷ȥɡӦЩ鶨ˣݸӽ
һʱֻа̾ô̯ôһм꣬ڴƵʥϧȻԼѡƴҲֻŬ»ˡĽִҴҸϵ¡ţθܶ˾⣬һа˽ӾŴ
û䣬Ϳ̷ͬ߳һ춥ñӣȻسֻɫһȻϴˣôһ飿̷ĳϴˣ
һƽƽĻ𣬺ݺһӣ̷߽ͬҲϽ˽ȥ¾ͷȥˣǲ˼ˣʸѧʿͩϮ˶Ǻ󵳣Ϊƽ̷ͬǣҲӦ֮⡣ãһЩĺ󵳴ҲԸɽ󣬽һϵø㹺Ϳͩһ׳ҵԸӣͩʸ񹻣Ѫͳ󣬶ʱͲ˾
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ôһףܴǼ֮˭Ҳǲ̷ͬȥɼͷѾò̷ͬ˾֮ף𲻹ǰŰϳǣǻ
˾ͷС¾ǿһͷʢԶԶġϱ̴棬󳼶ţǰһӼƬ˹گЩƬӿɶ࣬Ҫˣתȥһ˶кһݲݻһҾתͷͿ̷ͬˣҲҪˮҾһ仰Ҫأǻ˴壿¾ͷǾ˫޳ɣôͰЩȭᶼ㵽¾ͷˣֱͨʡԼȥƣֳʲôˣҪͷӵļӪͷڱΧţ˵ڻʳǸˣǺ޲һƲۣ㣬ǲ⣿ǣͶ㣡
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״ĵլӣڳǶԱߣɽˮ羰ѡʽķûϺôף״λֱܶ¹ųլӣҲʽͥԺ
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һԱǱݻϣǽȥĺ¶һͿԿΡپٻ˽±ʾûҲۣοηѣҿԲҪ
ƫƫ֪Ͼôģ
˵շתսϾöԳ͢ˡֱܶһһ籨ϾǾȻۿˣ˵ʲôҡͷֻ˵һ棬ûˡȻϾû˵ҪͶ͢ĻҲôҼ׼װʱ׼ΡһϾŸһ˵ô죿Ҷô֣ȴûӡУǳǸ֣Ҳ˧ʲôҲøѽ
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СڸʲôͶŤŤǸǳɴµĲϣжɷУµǰʲôǻհ˵ģҪǶ˸һߣһ͸϶ҪǾͶ͢͸һͽԬڳſڣԬӲӣ
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ӵУһֵܲĸʲһһңǵֿ֣һִԷŵڡ
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Ԭ˵ӵĻ
Ԭϵܣ֪ڰݵӿ飬ԭò˧˧Ӱû˵ģ
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ׯͷҲף£ȥסֱƵġҵаԣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôôӣͷӵĴ㣬Ҳ㣬Ӿ˧ǸˣׯҲΪͷ׼ǧֱҲȫ˼ʮ֣ôЩ֮⣡
⼸ǧ˧ϣٲͽͷӶá浽һ죬һľ죬ѺſűԽһӣ
ʲôͷӶﵹˣԬϵҲգҲգҾôƢһӲֺáΪİҲ֪˴˧Ĺذ֮飬ʱͷȥţȥԬϵܣٵȼհգ
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һӴˣ⣬˵ġȫ֮⣬ѽ飬⼴췭ظʱ̣
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Щ죬ԶǾյйȥԬ̬Ȳ䲻ȣֻԹۣ˼ңȴʼһһֳӲ˭ĽԶֻǾǿİԼ˼¡
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Ԭüв롣ǴҴұʲ뵽ԯ¡һͷղͷͷľĻţȫ뼯ʽ·ɫŹ֣е־ŭе־£еǰϲһеϣȴһְĪı
һλĩϽȻڸ;бɱж飬ֻмʲðֱϿڸĹϢȷֱ֮˴塣͢ٻֱ챣ݵȻˣ
Ȼǻô׹󣬹Լ̷ͬ׼ˢ¸һӡ˿͢ΨһסسһˣڣֱڣһʡܶȻ̣
ķµ֣͢Ǽӱҡҡ׹ȴǹʶ
ԬһӦĪɵһµ֣ĴĩϽлҪ˰ɣ
۹ڳһɨξţ̣֪ķô
쵭Ц֪ԬϵܣڴԷ׷ף²ĶС¹ģ˧ġʲôСǶСӵҲڣ˭Ҳ֪˭ɵģ
ԬĿ⾼ı̣Ϊľ˧ξţоͶǴ˧ûɻ󣿡
컺ҡͷҲ֪ͷŵù˧˧£һǱֱУӮ¹ġշ֮ʱô飿
ֻ˭Ԭƺ죬ʵԼȹͷǳ͢һߣڻӪ׼ֳһʤʱһǾɵһǵȷû뵽ͻȻλһܶˣؾƣʾҪңҲһҪġǵ˭ڴⳡıشأ
ţȴôҲһͷǶĿ⻹죬˼ȴ֪ɵȥ
Ȼ̾˭ͷҲû˼֪ˣ
ɫҵ˧˭ѾԻ졣Ҿȫ£ֺγư㣿ʱ򣬲ΪԼӵˡԬϵܣ͸˧ȥ磬㸽֤ͷΪЩǨӳ˧Ҳ˧ٲ飬Ӷǡڿʼʽ˧£
ͷӳٻվһ½Ҳȫ쳯صĿͷȥ
ԬһϲվȻ񡣲ΣԶĲʹѾˣ˹Ϊʲôڳϲ־µɫ
һѾ㹻һ֡Ҳǽ͢ﵽ׵ĳ̶ټ㡣ʲôûУģҪ£ǿһбֱУеʱ򣬻Ҫλ㹻ĺֵʱ򣬾޹˼ɡ²Ҫ㣬ͬҪ㣡֤㲻ܸ׷ߴôܸ˴㹻ĳͷ壡ǵµĵ
ֲ˵˭֣Ѿû˼ˡһһھ˿峯͢ѾȥһԽĲءʱ򻹲ѵĵȵһ׶֮ʰӵô
˭һ飿һЩжһ֪һҪⶦ֮ʻˮ㣿
ԬѾתÿҪؾѾͬˣ˧»ӦԤϽϣѾ˰϶顣ҪҪðһգΪ˧̽ⱱ飿
һͻȻӹԺׯͨĹٵϣʦ֣İ죬Щڽз۵Ľýݻºӡʲôƺǰȴʼոһ㣬ʵģץ֮סֻԼЩоҲһǰ󹦣һٺݳǵ˲еĴ󹦣
ҪҪٻطֱ

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ϢϷͬ˶Ŀɿڴ
ʱֵˣϷһӦһɵġڿʼֿ͢Ķе˷ƽϷоڰаһȥŸضЭñס֮ȴŭĸһдţ͵þˣ˭˼Ѿգֺοд˲֮£
滴֦ͬѪԵϵĹϵΪϽ̣ٲ˱ʾˣ
оϺͬͷûлسϼңסϺ磬˶Գ͢ĻȴȻڲϺͱͨϷʿ𵱳һδرûͷӵӰ
ͷӸǷӦңԼǮϺ󱨵İ棬ƿڴһĺ֮˵ö֮ضӦһĿ֦ͬͬ͢һ̨
Ǹˣȴ塣رѾѡһעĵطʵɡҲ˵ȻǲãҪ£Щ¶ôܣ˹ϵȥ͢һ֧˵ǻаһ󣬺ֶء͢ԽһҵԽܳɹһµעԽ׷ѡҪһĴǵͲһĴ͢ӮˣЩ˻иã
˼ڷŭϷۣȻеȻҶĿķӦ
ͷڵõϢ֮Ҳ֪ǲΪ𾪣һʱȻʧһ֮һټĸǸɣ뼯顣
ݡǡʢڵˣ뼯һãڻæֳҵҵղӣЩҰף˶ǩѺͷֻվ︺ȥһתһɫЩӲͷתŸԵ˼ʱһۣͷͬѯʣ¶ǲǴ˧ɵģ
һȴƣĪͱڹһ˵Ҳûʲôһծ಻ҳˡ飬ҲһˣҲûȥû¶
ίҲˣҪǣȻһʱͷķ¶һǵʵһƾ͵ֻǿʲôʱưˡȥ㰵ɱֲǿɱƶġİ˵鷢رȻһ䣬ǽסƣϷǿ½֮һٱƷ͢ļƻȫң
˵ôкôҶԳ͢ľһ֡ЩǿҲ͸Ӳ͢ס޾Ƶ˺ֻͷϡǿ֮䣬ӢѾʼֻͨǵ̸ˡ
˵ǱؾƣһգһãҪѸȥʰҪǣҾƵֻ֣Ū
ͷĿԽԽһԽԽðתͷݺݶԼһ£ҲϽͣĻѯʣΣȻ
һݺһӣӸɵģ
Ҷ
ݥƣοͤȥ󣬾աôôһ飬֮ǰһϢңذЩˣʲôԵģÿ¼Ľȥȥˣ
һ𷢵ÿе󡣶ʢһǿͿʱҲ̲ס˵ػûʢ⣬һ֮µӡ˵ػ׷Σǽ㵱ĸʼտͿʢһ£ֻ·ǰ;
ʢͷҲҲ졣һҲ֪Լ𷢵еֳ漫ƽϢϢ
Ҳܹеʧ̬ѾǵּͷŵĲ´Ь̬ʱԽԽãԽǷңԽлͷѾȡ·Ĺؼʱ̣µľһʧȥƿأ
ڿһɫһЦ˧һС¾ʧ̬ǺοգǸɵҲãǸɵҲաׯѾȥˣڻǳﻮԺɡ
ɫҲ˧а߰ʮʲô飬Ԥһ㷢չʿΣʱ̣˧һӦ糣ڴ˧ôеסأ
һһ𣬱۾ͷԣ˵úáԽߣˤԽذݥղһ֡
ʢһЦ˧γԣҵҲΪ̫˳ˣЩΡűôڣҲ˧ģиһ»ȥͲã󱱵زһһϴ˧İͷ
һͷԬοͤ籨ˣҪϳҪͱˣǱ߲ʹϽһ
˵˵ţͻȻһЦģӣҲδáţׯȥܵһ¡֮أ׼ںл꣬طߣȥΰݣ˵ҲҪȥһ㡣ͨ£ʹʹ֣˵ԺץˣĹǰɣиȥţúýһ˵治Ҹɵġ飬ٴ죬ϵ¶ͷԴһˡ
һȫƽǺԶվ˽顣
һһӣҲܰױŴҺһֵʱЭЩǰټˡ˭ҲעˣվڸɰϿ羰ž¸°ɣ𶯵ʱһ鶼ˣںдЩ
ҺȻͷɶֻгüë˼˭飿ؾһ䣬Ҫʲô仯Щһдһõʲô
ɢĳѵôԽҵĿⶼתֿһ
һʼ򣺡û㹻鱨ôжϣڿʼصһһôһ飬̺ܵôǸʱ򣬾֪ʲôһ׵ˣʱа취ԸڣҲֻеſѣ
ڣ̼µĲǣǸ͢

̷ͬĵ˽ӣδɡ
һѶټÿټʶԣ˶Ƕᡣ
͢˥΢ȻȵزֱܶȻԼϽ
һӦǣһɵģ˷ŭȴǺ¡׻ǼƶТӣѼǴʱȴǼƶѼТӣٻҷľ٣˫ϲҪȱؼҷ͢׼Լ䣬иţһʱ˲١Ҫٺ»ԷؼҾ͵õ۰ģֻõҳˣڱǣڿ˵Ҫĩ
β͵ϲգһʱת۾յøɸɾľųǼҼұջ˼ͥ˭֪˧ڵļܺϽˣҵ仹֪Ķأ
԰ͷ⼸̫ϷүŵʱᣬƢ˼㣬һҹùͷʹһҹ
һĵط˶ĴŽŵǹе͢ȥӺһʣµģҲֻһʵô죿ѵͨ£˵һ֡ϾҪַ˵Ͽһһ򾫱ֻҪ͢һ˺£͢ʲôȥ
ټ̷ͬʹ飺ҪʲôӣްҪôˢ£ôˢ¡Ҫôô޶㣡ֻҪڰ֮ڣʮ
һȥǰԼȨ̷ͬĲ˧£һĲǷΨ̷ֻͬĵǲʵȨ̷ͬϡҪƲʵɡϣϣ̷ͬʱ򣬲Ÿоͷĵ˳أܲס
ǲһвԤУҲеⵣĳأȻУʵһĸ
ɫ㲵̷ͬ鷿ȴƿֻǰС
Ҫ͵óã͵˲šΪһֵ֧Ľʢˡʢһӳأʮ¾һάַþһǧϣ￪Դ
Դ޷ֻнָЩÿ֧ͣûߴۼ뷢ĶµѵֻðķˣҲѾв̷ͬĵλ˰ɣǲǸɴͽƸۣʹʹȫˢ¸
̣ԡһֱϣŽˣ׵ĽиҵڿҪΣ֣ҲֻзˣĶѾ˼˳ܳܵ͢סôһûи̫ʱ䣡
뵽һ̷ͬһ
֡û뵽гɱ˧ֶΰ̷ǿˣֻ㣬Ҳֻ㣬Ϊֻ㣬ϻõ棡
֣˧УѾѡֻкԵףܲʲôֶΣ
ѡ
̷ͬŲ鸡Լ֪ô鷿
ŵſڣͼ鷿һơ⼸ܲĿΪǴһ˿ЦѾٲ˳󹧽ģһƤõıزƽͷһֱţͷɫ
ΪֻĿ̷̷ͬͬҲĿſΪһ仰Ҳ˵
ʱ˵أ㻹ѡôֻų¾ȻʲôԸһǵʱ䣬Ѿˣ
̷ͬһɬҡҡͷŶĬĺүӡ
ϣ̷ĳֻһ仰ƳҲֳ֧͢¾ΪʲôҪҳЩѪԵĹ
ƽһ𣬻̧ͷүɫҲ˵֣أֻǵһЦ̷ˣҲƵˣѾǮûʲô׷ˡֻʣȨơϧ˧ϷȨƸͷӣȻΪʲôҪر˵ʵֻҪ˧ͬͷҵ˵ʱһΪ߾ȫͼı彭ɽ
ʢڿ⣬вˣֻҪ׼˽ɹţԶһ׼Ҵʢ򣬱ҴʢٴҵͷӾȫ̷֧ˣ¾˼ж֡ЩطٸΪְǴأһ񣬶ɴʢרΪ͢סⱱ֮أͷӵҰģҲ˶ѣ
̷ͬɫһ԰ףĿɫĺƽ
þþþãɳɤſڣҿ԰͢׼׼Ҳ
ƽһЦ̷һ仰ͷӻʲôĵģʢرôΪеһˣʱһԶͷӵʵֲˣ
̷ͬɫȴûз㣺Ϻƹ̷ĳ˾һ仰Ȼ׼¾һˣ̷ĳգҪ֣ʲô֮£Ҫ̷ĳ˷һھ̷ĳϣſԣǲ𷨣ý뱱ǽʮ֮ڣ֧Žˣ̷ĳ˾ͽ֧
Ϊɫ࣬üëһͦҪ˵ȴүںһ¡Ϊһ¶סݺһȭҪѳ֣Ǿ㣡Ҳ
̷ͬɫҲͬɫϺⲻʱҾʥʽּļ¾
ΪصĺһҲ̷ͬԹԵﳤȥүȴǳ̷ͬһҾ׷ϿΪĽŲ
ȥ̷ͬһӾ̱߽鷿ʱӿտյģʲô˶ﶼû뵽ȴֻ뵽塣
簡磬ҺʹֿԽԽԶˣм䣬ѡĸֵأҪѡҡ磬°ɡҲֵߵģһ·


ʮ ䷨گ
ʮһĩ¶ʮ
һ죬ʵѵõϽǽʽĴ󳯻ᣬ䶽ԺԼҪţùټüһáԴ̷ᱱе˹ģĴ󳯻ᣬȻǾ޽У
ùԱƷɽεڶվرȴ󳯻ȫ̽ϡ
̫͵ƣ졣õ̫ཫõƳȻšΪΪס˸֡
һУл˾ôʳٹ֡
ʵδ󳯻֮ǰǹٳ䣬зԭļƻ˹گ֮󣬻ҪʱۺϿ壬ݣ٣ǿԼĲͬŻʽ´گ䷨䷨ڼ䣬ƶȾһˢ±䷨֮ȨƶȾֽ󳼣س֮ǸţƶȾֵӣֻзȨûвܵȨ
׷״ԣ˸ˣҪ鵽ƶȾͷȥ˵䣬ϢһҪó飬úû¶òã˵͵ð˵ׯڣΪһ׮¶ҵ̽ڷ磬˵ίһ֪һţ͢ò䷨¹֮Դһһ죬ڽΣֲʥͣ˭ôֻࣿҪһһ첻ǣͲܶÿôã
ǣһҲǴǰӳ͢ʽ±䷨گЩ˶ǰľ٣ӰˣѪҲˡÿ絽ŻֶﶼᡣؼҾдӣɾЩʸľ٣˵ǷҲýͰͣǵٺ»ϸͬٹൣֵӡᣬҲǿաЩȫûõķŶ࣬˵ղ¸֮ģ˴ྩ٣ǼȲǵ۵ҲǺ󵳡ĸҲƲǣȫǷͰһȺ
ƶȾֱ䷨кҪһǸĹƣЩɲóšЩŲˣǵȥǮˣҳڻҪǷ룬ǿ벻̷̣ͬҽСƴˡԴӱ䷨ķӾŻҲȥˣҲдˡͬʦù٣Ҫ߽͢˵Щ˶Գ͢Ĺڳ͢Ҫóһ֮˵Ͷˡֵ֮󣬼ͬۻᣬپ¡ͷƵģһͷӿ޳һţ¡ͷ̷ͬӾ
ֱ䷨̷ͬǲòگǣȻһʱٰʽ䷨Ĵگδ԰ͷӻδСʣο䷨Ĵ£ŵ㣬Ҫ̫С
˵һڣλڸضͷżʸ˧ĹĻֱһӣס档һΪһĴڻеõİȫСŪԼһ׵顣һоﳶ䷨䷨顣һѶó͢¶ѾָĿľųͷԼˣ
˽԰Ҵ˵ί̫̫ϳѵǣֽ֣ײĲݣǾͲʡģһһǣǵʱҲȥҪֵհ¾޵ĶȥӣԺΪһȶϣ
壬ŵѲǱҲһҹӣҲǲ˹ˣүһƬϰͲҪˣ
ֻⷨбˣҪȻ壬ֻб
ȻҪ䣬ȨȻҪƶȾֵСȨ˭صˡòʲôͷȥһʱ㡣һֽͷȨ̷ͬҼȷմگº̷ͬ϶ҪƶȾ֣ⳡĩ䷨ȨΪ֮Ȩһ֮֡һֵܵĩҫ۵кµˣѾڱ˶ϵţҲûŪ䡣ǹξͲ˵ˣϷүʲô̷ͬĻҪǰ˵ʲô˵Ҳǰ׷ĭ
̫͵УĽʡӵĿ⣬ͼվڶƷ̷ͬϡ̷ͬһ⣬ĿֻǼԼıǼ档˿ⲻѾٹעӵĽ㡣
ۼþҪߵԼĵ߷壬ΪʲôԼȴûаϲãûа־ֻһһиĳ嶯
·ԼѡģûñԹ
͵Ҳ죬ȻгŶԴѥ٣ѾӺƳߵǰʵ۵ĽŲҪĺȥе͵۳ϿȥͿʮĻʵۣӰվǰ΢еãȻĿŵ΢΢ζһƬ춥ӡ
ʵɫֽһĲ԰ףҲվʧƬ֮󣬲Ż
յ̫͵˹
䷨ĴگŹĽ³һж̷֮ͬǰͻʵ۵̡
ƶȾ֣ʽﱸ䷨
¾ʮӪָ򺣹Ϊ¾ѡ֮׼¾ļκֶα£Ｏ
̷ͬ͢ʽͩպͲΪƶȾܰ󳼣ΪعΪƶȾְ󳼡
̷ͬȄΪ¾ļղܰ󳼣ΪΪ󳼡
̷ͬΡ
ΪΡ

ЩѡǼ۳壬Ҫ˼ǷȨƽóġƶȾֵۺ룬¾ļ֮أǴӼдͷȄλʸܺãֹţҲͬš֪ô˼꣬ʱÿ¾Ҫƽһ̷ͬȨ
ôţһ޿飬̷ͬѾΪ˳ĻȨ֮´һˣļ֮ʹ֮ءǽĶıѹϣ
°ͷһ׮˿ЦõģԸأܶһȫйһȲͼһȺǲһΪı䷨ƣҵȡһЩܴʱ䣡
ƽƮҡʥʥжܻ꣬޵ϣͬ䣬ʮʡڻʵ۱Ⱥӡʱɽ飬ǿ𣬴֣֮޶Զдͬڶ֮䣡䷨ǿ֮Чȱͬʼգֺ߸߹ٺ»Դ
ĹԴǿУ˵ᶼˡ̷ͬվڰУȴԼƺһҲȥ
˵վ̷ͬ
̷ͬһ𣬵ͷࣺڣ
گѰ䣬彭ɽ֮أ޾и̷ˣ̷ˣϳɹȥ̷ˣҪ֮
˵Ȼ֮ǰһҾȥ
һӿ̷ͬۿ˵ĿǴżӱͶϣ
̷ͬһصĹڵϣ˵ѾʣҲĽ֮
ȥǰУʥԹʿ̷ĳҲֻԹʿ֮ɰۣʲôҪģְ֣˿̿ʼǾѾĵˣ

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ΪǰνһлãѾںССЩСʱǲۻƲġͱʫĵطһһС棬̲˥ӳɽʯͷԶȴҲ֪λĿ֧ס彭ɽϽһ鲻ڹ֮ʣ᲻ᵽҵʮĵط
ʮʲӵһˣС֮ϣΪһ㡣䣬ѾЩһˡϳؽһһһҵڳҲ㹩һꡣ
һҲ֪Ҳ˿ġˣ˱ǻɵģⲻʡԼǵɣ滴鲼£һˣҲǱ֮⡣ôָ֣ɵһôһˣҲ½ࡣһ֣Ϊ˴۶²òеֶΣ黹װӣƾʲôΣ
һóܼ򵥣ǰӣλǰ¯Ѿһ㡣Ա߻һΪǬת۷йءβȥͬģī죬ϵġ
һ룬⸱۽Ǿһ͵һһһȴδֻ㣬ľֱȻ̾ȻһĶ֣ȴһֵصĶ֣𡣡
ԱҲ̾һȥ͢Ǳ䷨ˡ͢ÿһ飬ƺҪ˵ѪƶƵġǾˣҲ׼ãۣѾˣǲ֪ھȪ֮£Ц̾
͢䷨گϢ󳯻䷢ʹ˱ǵľˣԹ۵˵Ҳûô𶯡ȣҪһĴڣ䷨֪͢ʲôʱŻƶءѾһѡţ˭ôࣿ޷Ǿſǻʲôˡ
һ㣬ͷ̸ڣôһ䷨̸ף治һң˱Ƶؽ򵥡
ûѡʱϣ͢䷨Ӧǧδ֣֮ѡ񡭡Ϊʲô粻䷨ȥˣ
µ飬׻һ仰͢һ֮䣬һʤܾµ
͢ó˱䷨һУһܸţ
ѱϣͳߡҡԴ治֪˭ɵġЩ췭ȥ룬ײˡͻȻðôһе㼬֡
һһۣЦûϣһжϲһȥڸ涼Ļ͹ԹԵʾˣˡԬ籨˵ҪǱֱѼ鱨Ӧ˱֡˵ݺͲˣܳЧҺԣڽİӣûжˣҾҪ˴£ȥϺ
̾һԬοͤǴ˧һԱ˧ǰӣǶˡ˧նȥϺǲϢˣ
һ΢΢ͷΪ˧أ
һϵûʲôϲɫظʲôѽ޷Ǿȥּۻ۵ģе黹ÿɫǱǲ̸Ǯѵֻʣĳ̸͢Ǯס޾ƵҲֻˣСӶ˸зϣЩҶ̫ģ¶Ǿãͷһ˵ʲôĿ籩꣡ٿٿɡʱ仯ܻһпĻϷѪɫ̫˰ѾԬˣôҲҪӳ
û壬һͱɲԭϵһǷˣн죿ھĪ⣬嶥һֵͷʲôùӳԣ̷ͬշ̷ͬѱʱأ糱һ½˼棬һǰõúܡ
һ壬ȴûнӿڣǣֵܵ飬κ˵һ̷ͬԽ֮ݣȴվڲͬϽ¶ðԻ⣬ʹ÷׷ˣ˵ʲôĶСͷЩĻʲô˵޷ֵιȫ˻ٲɡ
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һȺͷͻȻһˣȭͷ󺰣һҲãɱ˿ҽĳ˺ƴˣ
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ûײһϼһȻҪƴҲ֪ǺһҳأǺһķ롣
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һһֱӣһԴžͺݺһ䣺ģʲôأ

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̷ͬЦЦƱջ棬ЦɣǶ˺ô磬ֵʹʹĺѣ

ʮһĩ꣬䷨گ¡ʱΪпһϷѾڶǴ½ĻϷеˣ󲻿֪Ľ񱼶ȥ


ʮһ ̸Уһ
լſڣһһͦվԼһϱʮ͡
լԴӺ֮ܶ¶Ǻ֮ˡҵٵҲв޹õĿھصٶʱλµլεȥˣһְǿǰױ˱ˡ
ԵһסģǰԺɶѣ֮⡣լʵҲưܵòˡСסլǶƷΪЩˣȻҪˡ
һҲò̵Լλδ޵ļҵףԴһҵѾаٷ֮ĵĹɷݡֻܳԺ죬תצĵĹɷݣСƵ˵ģһֵ£ҲмʮƽĹһǸʱ氡˵ٶôӵй֮أȴûġ
͢ٺ»Ǵθ»뿪ʣǾȫͣˡƹ˵ķӣԴ߷ֵǷȻҲǷûСҪ˿ʿٺ»˭Ǯȥô࣬ҲûʱרŶһͷÿ¸öǮǰͷ֧ܿһ㣬ڵĹٰ˹һֵǣһֳҵʢѾѿġÿ¾ѣ֣ǴﲦδӽǸɽӲ첿ӣ·߿ľƶۺԲģһһУͳµ°ʣ
һп֧ڶ诡һ۲۵ĳҲһôԴǴڳʴӪҹϳ֮󣬾֧żҼƣǾһͷ벽ֻʱʵˣŶžʩڽͷһ£Ұ͸ΰѴΣһϣһǾй
ֻǣСѾͷҲԭÿ㻨Ǯڸһһ±СţܻǮĿУû뵽Ҫһǰ˵ʲôء
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ΪЩԭһǳԵİáΪӣ˽ƣԼҵǲŽûϢء
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Цųûס诵֣΢΢һ죬ҲץšͳµѾȻȻתȥ£ˣҲû졣ô⼸ι
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仰˵һе㲻ˣôܵδ޸Ǯһɡ룬һҧһţˣȴæ꣬ٺú㣬ɲɣ
ЦŽֳ᲻صĴһһ£ͷֶ˼᣺ע壬֪֪æլزΣžʩϸߡ֪࡭
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һӰת۲读һžתСȫϼ޻飬Ŷžʩүڽǲܷģʱ뿪ǵġ׽꾫жʽʼ
ԾԾԵ飬Ҳ֪ǳԴ׻ǾȽϺʵҪģǸĪð˺С
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ʱȰҲʱҴԾģԺо͸̷ֳͬףھѾʱ˷˼⡣
ԤûУֽӦԣΣǣ磡ֵǷ٣

ӢפϺ¹ڣУѾ˼ˡӢ۹Ϻ°ɵ¡Mʷ˹ϺﵱУǶһ¶ҪʱȴֱվһԣʱкĿⶼѩѺкеİѾƾƱ棬ֻҪˣ͵øϽϡ
ӢϲһмҵӣҲ޷֣ǿװıõһ⽻ְλڸ֮ǰ׻ǧӢʾȫΪֹΣһ˵ˡ
ֳ⽻Աλжʣʮͷİɵºܿ޿޵ʿϺ罻ȦгӢ۹ڵĲԶڽԼϷǣҲҪְλʲôɼǵǸһ۹⽻ǽĿͻȻʱȴְɵᣬƾֵлѵʱƺһ㣬ṩ㹻ĶϷ仯鱨
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ɵҲ΢΢е֣һ֮ǰδڴӢ۹ߵУȻ֪צֳһСС鷳ڳսʤձҲǸ۹һˡξǣ඼ɳʹʹβҲ򼱴ҴҵĸϹ
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ܣԸǴ½һƽȵڼй˶ҲԵʱݡ
ǲаղ۹еȫΣȫҲа³ѷ˵棡ÿ䷢ʣղ۹ٵ棬˵޴½ڻǣӢԿĴľ֣ǾƱ䶯˾ңеܲӦԣ
Ӣϳе̫࣬ʹ̫ƽ˵ǳ١ȫڴкӡ֮ڡѾȲҲϣӢŵ˼ޣŷ޽ǿͶʵĽ裬ڷ˿ǡǡڸɴ޵ǣһЩ᲼ɾս顣ڹڣѹ˰Ҫ
ŷ¹Ѿ𣬶Ҳ޴Ӣ۹Ѿһġڶطȶάסһ֧ǣƶͳΪ֮ءҪ֪Ǵ·ѾȻĿУȵǴ·깤ٽвãǾ
ⳡս£˵ģӢֵһּȫ̬ȣ˭Ӯ˶νֲʣµǸȽǿľͿˡǿѹղҪսûǸҪҲûǸҲõҶڼǴ·ͨм꣬üԶĲ֡ƫƫĽձòзϣ۹Ҳһ겻񣬵һһľ
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ںλʹҪżأһǰʾԸӢ۹̬ȣת֮λʮ꣬һţӸʹͼ̸̽̽ڹʲôڷ磬һȻͳ׶ȥβԶΪ۹ʮ꣡ѵ˽滹ҪӸΪô
ǸһҪִϺˣȴڻ֪۹δǾƵ̬ȣ뵽βҲ̲סаѾƱȲ˽һô
۹ʹ˹KȲķ¾ƱźβʲôҪҪ˽λֻҪܴӢ۹ڶǾƵİŶѣ


ʮһ ̸У
õãһڴйԱߵһСԺǰ档ȫʽģ߶пţµ÷ԯ򣬳ȫľĸӶǽǺĽַָһȾƥɫë޼룬ȫϵȵСţƤƥְɫС̬൱֮ɰ˵е㻬ȰСӢ򵽰˰ӢһƥĴܲ˶೤·ֻǿųˡ
ǧӢۺϹƽųͷС㻹λ
诵ȻܶýױӪźУһų̬ԼǮνҵĶҪ㡪˵ʵڵģҪһʵæϱǮһʱĶҲǶǷϲСкܴջء
ΧģȫǴźŷôҲжʮˣСѾŲŴǲõĶ󳵣Ÿָĺӣ涼说СʱҪӦõĶһȺݺݺڳӺ棬·кĲĿ⣬ǰͷССĲ죬ټȦʮ׳ۣ֪⳵ӵ˭ˣҲû˸ҸΧۡ
ױӪǾԲ诶õģһҲûȨõĽ飬ϲܣŮӵİȫҪ˼һ㣬һĳ˿ɲ٣ԼʲôȥȥмʮʲҪԼϱһǾ̫Ǹʲôˡ״֪׳࣬ʮڶͷʱ说ʩžŵʱΧһ³ʱΪλߣϰմһƬϰջ飡
ʮվȦôƴų诳Ŵˣô׿ټȸ󣬿һܽѬһͷ诵ֱйԱһССԺȥЩﶼڽУҪҪ
ۣǵ¶ûв֪ġݷһͨĴԣ֪ܲͷﴫλ˸ʲôС˹ĻտһסСԺƣǴ˧ˣ˧լˣǰͷǸɴװûҪһλ̫̫һλ˧谮լֳʲôôǼͷⳡҲٲˣ
ѵۣѾҲƵȥ֪ͨ˹ġ飬Ϲͷ۰ɣǼխ
ǲϲεĿ⵱УӱѾһƣȳһ绨СѾͷüĿ㣬׺õĿӳС˵ġǷݼȻȺٽſһɫͷӰͷԶԶֵк͵ͷһƬĳ
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诺ڱһ֮ԵԱСѾͷ˼˰ʯͷβ˵󻹸һ߶˰졣ּˣͲ۾ͷðˣҲѽô
İӢʱͷϡʩҲЦİƣǼˣүǼǹСûôãžں淭˸ۣĳ·С㡭
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ȻɫԶഺҲԶʩͶž飬ôͰһԵģ
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Ц֣վ˵ҾͲ㡣ҲֿġԺү˳ҲҰɣǶСүô£ϾֱչǣСͶҵԵ֣ԺңһӦǵģ
޵棬ʵҲһ񾭡
Լ¶Լõ֣˵御Ӷ̵ϡһױţƣû㶪ɡ˵¶壡ûԴûˣСƢԲ棬չ
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ʱĵ׷ģ˷ŭȻί

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ΪһĶȤζСҴææһ飬ͳĹ֡˳ˮ˽ڵĺ٣ֱϺȥһҲںüӺϺعٳȵȣûл
ȥϺ̸У̸ʲôҲûָӢ۹ʱղڶ塣ȫ綼ڲǵ֣еȫΡһԶСС˵ʵڣڴӢ۹ֵУռǲҪ̫߹ĺáһʹӢĸʹɣطͣǸطɿҲûʲô̫ϡġһԼ̸еĵ籨Ц³ѷȫ۹ֺ棬ȫֽϡ
ҲܲµλʹԶеͼ۹ҪܶˣձҲзԶԶķճһӢҪԶҪ²֣άȶľơһҪȡԣӢ۹ּɣǿ϶ҪһͳĶó棬εİڴӢ۹ȫս棬ܴӦӢ۹ҲڸһЩ֧֡
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ԽһУһޣʷܱܲδʱ˵Щ飬Ҳǻļ֡ʣǲ̸Ͼﰻ³ѷռžԵϷأδҵķչҲҪõĹʻʱӢִȣҲûʲô
ǰһ̫֣һҲֻллˡ̸ֻҪһʼ֤Ӣ۹ԶѾΪֵҪһ̸´̬չͲŴӢ۹Զò
˵ףƷѾȥ˰Ĵ壬ѾǲҪİӢ̸УҲΪĵһ顣ƷչһΣյķٻƣ̸УʵҪҪһ飬׹֤һʰƬκҾֵ
صĵһۺ鱨ҪϴʱѾʢ͵ϡ˴ţһڷĦͷۺ鱨
Ȼչ˵ز˰һɿ쫷磬ĩһУѾһˡ
վ֮ԣǰˮַ·߲ݵľˮ޴컹з˻ƺڱʱ궯ĵϲ࣬һ֪ľȻѾվһӵ㣬罫ñȴûתͣ㡣
ֱգһΪ֮䣬ȭ̳Ѿֱڣԭ֮ƣɽϣҲ̷ͬΪȺ֮ףһ߿άסܱ߾ƣһͼѡЩȭ¾̷ϸ簡̷ϸ磬Ȼѡ˱ҲӦã֪֪ǷųһֻʲôĹޣ
̣ȭգӹ䣬ʮһս˹Щ۷糵ҲƵԺ淭ڲݡʷϣ˴±ǹڵؼһ𣬲ԡֱܻȱصбذպͽìܣ18951900ûж𡣷һضѾ߱
Ǳ͢Ƿ棬±䣬˶ʮһսô޴¼أȴһҲûз
䣬̷̷ͬϸŬ֧ܶŴ彭ɽأʷϵ̷ͬҲ࣬Ҳ࣬Ȼһڱ䷨ˢ²õúܣҲԶԶûеʧܵʱʷΪ±ʧܣ峯͢ǰأӵȫ渴٣ӱĵһнأΪǰܻģҡ彭ɽĸԴﱣźȭźܴԵ֯һĶϡ
̷̷ͬϸϷͷЩشʱʱЩµô޴ΪԼܿôһ֧мԵ
±ֵ˲ʰҪ󰢸¼Ҳ˺ܴáʷ±֮󣬴һݽ̨߃yΪ󰢸磬ͼϵǿΪ˱֤йƽȡԽƽԽܵĴ壬Խʺǵ׸ʱǿɶӰƽȵһвؿɶӵúأһԽǸǿǰͲй¶
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̬еʧȥ˰ǰ·ıڲ֪ôࡣ·Ѿõͷˣǧհ
һǲǰԼ̫ˣΪһжǾգ
һ뵽̲סʧһЦؾƷȥʱڵ˧ս統жãȴ֪˧Ϊ֮أ
һͷеվҲڿŽ£»һܲһӣڲ壬ԸܣʱҲԲһ¡һôãΪһһֱڿǺӢ̸еء
˧Ӣ̸̫ҲûҪµ飬ûһξ̸ɵģʱƱ䶯н˧ǿ̫ηžˣֻҪӪԼʵ㹻ѹ࣬ʱӢֻܺǴ򽻵ʲô̸ģ
һҡͷЦǵıڵľưղ˼õ̫⻰̲סѿڶ
ڿһǷݱ鱨ܣȻҲˣһ磬̲סЦ˧Ǻ°Թôɢߣвµġ͢ҲǲͶҽ̷ͬԽңǴ˧ĻԽࣿǸЩ飬žˣʱ»ָ˧ʰ棿ھͿͷݵò죡˧ҪΪģɲءҪãԹۣ
һϣǶԵġʱһ˰ǲִ֪ˣ׻һʲô
һͷЦ̲סʵԣ˵ھϣʰҾ֣ɲԣ
һֵĵ˧ô뵽ͷˣƣƻδôᶯ˧²֣Ҫ͢Լæҵнһ·߾һж˧ֵнţô˧ļˣ
ɫһһҾҲǴ峼ӣʱĩò͢Ѱһ·˧Ϊһ˹飬ԲŲϧ֮Ϊ˧޻Ҫۼþһˣ˧ǰô飬ôھͰ಻סһԾأڳ͢һδϷδϣ˵򣬿ǻδɣⲻʱ죬óȻϣһд죬֪Ҫٱ
Ϊϵ磬ûϵ±Ҳпǰһݺݵͷ룬üëһš
ˣһ·ԼҲԤϵõϾûʲôɵ顣Ȼ̬ƿˣ޷Ǿ취̬ջаˣԬСӶԴƺȻȻϣԼҪǱֱ̽챱ҾֵʲôչСҪһˣʷȻСá
ԼҪǰϵıٿֵæһˣ֪Ҫϸء
һҧݺݺݵţͻȻصһĴˣմһģ
֮˦־ͳͷߣԣʲôʱŵϺϺ̨׼һϯϺٳһӣûʱˣЩ飬ڱҪͷǾͼǸʲôXëʹؽЩ飬ھ͵òã


ʮ ̸Уģ
˳츮ϽĶʮصпΣ뾩Ҳʮľ롣̴ֱ·Աĸʦ֣⬼Ŀǲ١ֱѾԷ׷ף˵͢ϾҪøȭ̳¾ȻھʦΧǷӪţʮ֮ڲһ̳ڣ¾گ鶼ˣܽ죿뱱ǽһǾһԶ˵ˣȵĴʦ֣۲ᶽţٵһ˵ֻر˾ˣɲ˶٣
·ĴʦǣԽԽ࣬ô̳Ѿܸصʢˡֱһͷ߰˸̳شʦֺ·ʦִһǽһسͷһϣ˵Ƽʮ̳գҾ棬ѹһͷ
ǹǲűӣϵźүǶҡڵȥسƨҷһ̫үвصģͷû̳Ҫ֪گһΧʮﻹ㰲طֱͳȭ£ͷӦĸģͺܲسͷʲô飬ӵļλʦֻһ¹鷳̫үͷ·һȵЩǣȫޣٶټǨ˽ͷÿвȭΧŽãģȻʱûʲô飬˭֪һһʲô棡
ֱգܳﻹӶЩƿġеĲ˵඼ʦʦܣղŵŮӣ˺·˺ͷץӣһȺһ𣬼ʲôھڲŹũʱҪȻ֪̻Ķأ
󻧣ֻҪﲻôմ̵ģʱҲøϽĸģЩһЩĴʦһճõ·ӣǮãֻҪǸͣʦǾûвյġƽͷѾŸӻһ̴ʦʦǻһֻϲҪϰ׵
Ѿд˵ˣһҪҸëʣҺľͼլƽҰ׵ĸͻήɾҵոɾ
Ǹʲô̷ֻ˸ϽʼѡЩȭ񣬸Ͻ¾ˣǲɢãôȥ˭֪ᷢʲôʣ
Сׯ棬һ˼ˣգһеģһӣȫǱ紵Ŀӣɫ٣ֻһ˫ӻżӶԵΪֻǽĸ
Сׯһİٶ໧ĴׯӣҲﶬյ侰󡣴ϴ山һ̳ơΧĶϵźɫкģ˶ŻŴĴָڳ˲ӡ˵ʲôšü̳ۡѴϱ·µʵʵ˭Ʋ̳ȥ
ͷ̳һ졣ʥڴˣλ̳һˣһųಲڸ棬Ƶĺ紵࣬һµǶִ״ͷѾһصңʱ߹ͷ㡣
ͷ̳ŵĴһϸĻǸ꣬Ǹ١ҪǶԵЩİϷе֪ʶģӦ֪ʴܻ̳ȴû˸˶ֻͷһٷĺ̨϶ƾͲò֪ȥˡ
յİֺһЦָСׯ̳װŪֵزʴ·߾ʥӵơٺ١
ⰫӣǺ;ǱֱڵԬ˺Ϊһҵⱼߣνˡļӣǽо鱨ģ˾ĹʢͶء˧ʶˣɹ
ԬһЦЩһɾҲϳԼӳӣϰ壬Щһô񣬻ô
ԬɨһۣĿӲһ£Ψ¡˽һֵֶ飬˧µĿԾ͸һ֣ǾǴ˧ĶĿЩһԴ֮ģǴУҪб飬˸ɫʵʵر˧ҪͷԼؽɡ
ĬȻͷԬȴһ䵭ɫѳʵЦݣ˹ˡϷâ
ӶͷӾĳƤȥǴͷСׯǸʥ̳Ѿʮкͦ͹ǵĳӭһӣſ۵Ĵӣӣ߹ļƵ治һԶԶľͳԬǺ˭ôۣʥ̳ڴˣôֱĳ巸ˣ
ԬæĶ񣺡λʦ֣ôӣҲѰˣ׼̳ġǻû̳֪أײ·飬Ϸ㣡ʦ־ܿڣö¯Ͷ¯ֵܾûж
˵ʮѾ߽Цĺ˭ֵܣǺûǷݽ飡
Ǻ߽ԬһۣԬԽηηĳˣֻԬһ˻һЦſǺӡ
̳Ǻ¶Ҳûа׳ײ˴ʥүĵ٣㶮²£ĳϲĳϡʲôƤϱҪ׵ĲשʥүɲЩ
Ǻ˵ţ۹ҲԬֻǼͷԵĶ
ԬЦλʦ֣һ·Եһϻȫˡ˭ֱ֪ʦǶࣿӻڣͷѰСǮûУֵﻹмٷǮĳϲĳϣֻôˡ
ͷĺӶʱ˵ʹСǮʲô
һкҲ壺ϹʮջöŸûǮ⼸ͷڶ
ڻ꣬ǣǵĻǲǶëӣ
ĦȭƣͷȴֻԬԬҧҧͳһĵģʮͭǮ߰˿Ǯ̯̯֣λʦ֣ǴһӶð̣
ѾˣǮ˹ˣͷԼİٽ͹㷣
ͷӲƳһۣڰ֣Ҳ̳ͷͷǹȥ
Ӷ˿ЩǣŵգżڣӺģëƬҲ룬ÿͷٶֵʮСׯͷĴ󻧣ʮ¯ˣҲʮǮֱõľǮһһöʮǮ·Ķģ۳ë󡣽һ¾Ҫ˼Ҽʮ㣬ʦֿҲ
ԬúܣЦһʾ˽աȭẺӵĽӹһЦúϲ£ڡͷʦֲһЦͷȥɣҪ̳Ҳɣһ˽ʮǮҪûУס£סʣŽǮϿͣҲǼмģĿɵñˣ
ԬЦſЩϵͭʹ󣺡λʦ֣ⲻ̳ôҪ̳·ôߣǳ㹻ʮǮǵҲôճֻǶһ䣬̳Ĵʦ֣ǲ
ǮͭĺǶһۣͷ˴Ĵָһ̣Ǵʦִֿү״ӣٻոСׯģ
ԬһСʵλʦֵ֣˵Ļ֣ǲǱͷ̳Ĵʦ
ǺѾǱҲո𣡡ͻȻĶͷģģɲôһλү·ׯġһ˵ΧӶһЦ༷üŪۡͷҲ̲סЦԬ򣺡㻹֪Сׯôһλʦ֣ȱ¿ͷˣȥưɣׯͷʯˮԱߵһԺͷλүǶ̳ҵͷ̳
Խ˵ΧЩ˵ЦԽԬҲ˵һȦҾӾʹֱׯӡͷӵЦ׼ǿׯ·ˣˣҲӽʲô棬ЩԿΪǿׯϽǻĴ󣡡
ԬˣѾı˼⣬ԬȴʼղɫֻǳСׯͷȥ
һ·ѰҪλȥԶڵСĿׯʦ֡Χȭ̳ûʲôȤȥһ籾ȭ̳һ·˽ȥҲͷȥ˵ԩͷЩ·Χȭֻ̳¶Լ˻һЩ·ȭֻʶôһģˡ
ǣʼתһ⣬ǹܽһɢɳҲƵ·ȭֱ֯͵ΧĴʢӵܵӰⱳһУǲǾǴʢڲŪǵҪﵽʲôĿģЩ·ȭȻǱ֯ģҲȱصȭ˽һЩ飡
ҪһĶĿҪ´󹦼ɲܴﵽġһνЦ޺ֻŲ֪һжԬһҲֵʹʹԭΪˣԬżӱСһǸ˳ʮŬ
ҪˣҪվ⼤ұ䶯̨룬ֻҪ沨ܴﵽĿģ
ԼʺĴ䶯ʱء
ԬϣֻǸһĨĿЦ

СׯͷССģҼҶԺӣׯͷѵÿ߶̫˵ȶеͷӦһһѵкһɹ̫СƣŮҲ̨ͷ߻ȫϱͷ̳ȥˣôһׯͷֻԵ塣Ҵ󻧣ҲǴſڹӰҲƲһЩ˨ſˣ£ҵһҧˣҵҲЩʦǵģſֻлǮĺĻζš
һ·ȻŲ˻ԬҵǸʯĴˮˮԱߣֻһᵹСԺӣݵΧǽ˰أΧǽʹȥСԺͷһ˶ûУֻһԭС̳Ƕͷһ֪ö˵ͷż㣬յ˾ͷֻбһҡϱͷĴ̳ͷӿƵʧҲƵֱ֣ϵ£
ӱͻȻĵԶԶһ˳ɤӲ֪ʲô׼ڸʲô·֡ʾתۼʹĵһŮ˵ɤ˻ߵҲׯͷ·һ֣ζ
СԺȻһ㶯ûУҪԺſڵİ죬ƮŵһƷᵹ֣ԬԼҴ˵ط
ӶһۣͿԬһ£ƹԺǽߵſڣƾɵԺſڷʣʦ֣ʦڲڣ
߰ɤԽԽߡʱͷŻ򿪵һЬƤڵ߳ʲô飿̳ͷղТߵǮ
֨ѽһ򿪣߳ĹȻԬԶٵŵĿׯʦ֡λʦֿûеϵĻֻ¶аˣġһƤҲһȦԬǼֻǷ
Ԭһס֣ʦ֣ڿׯǸСϿͰֵԬ㻹ǵòǵãһϯֵ֪£û̵ݣҲһ·ܲãŰͰ͵ҴʦҪ̣ʦ֣ǵǼǲ
ʦֶĿǰ죬͵ĿһˣͷǼϿͣгԵôˮã
ʦֱֵ֮УֱһجΡڿׯ̣Ҳһ˳Ĵʮ׼ǵٶ˭֪һ˱Χŷ·ȭ̳Ȼô࣡֯ǹųסſģҲЩ·ܲܳͷͿԱˡЩֵˣֻҪ׳ƾͺá
ʦֱʵƽʲôطûšСׯ޵ܣֻôʮ¹١˭֪СׯǴׯӣȭ̳͸֣չأʦһͱ̷ʮ㣬һ̲øɸɾֵʮˣʣǮؿׯûǮĸ˱̣ôԲʦ־Ͷˣ˳˶䳰ȷЦ˭ԸһɽʦءûǮûˣֻǳôЩʳ޵ܵҲˡ˵ȥݣͰµĳɾڿׯôҲܳĺʦ֣ȻĶ죡ˮ۾
ʱ򣬱˵Իˣһʦֶ˹һ
ԬʦҲ˲ͻͻˣھҪԵġǸӣԬҲ꣬Ͻóϸɣʦһʹһ߳һߺµĽЩ
ԬֻǶǶţסͷ
ҲǼһ̳Ȧ߲˰ɣٸ߲ˣ̳ʣʦֹһԬ뵽ֻ΢΢еЦ
ҲءλʦǣϾǿׯ̴ʦ֮һҲûУҰ·ӡڻٺҲûС
λʦһֱôȥܴ̽飿
ԬһЦ￴ͷҲ̧ŬԵʦ֣ʦ֣ʲô㣿
㣿ʲô㣡Ͽͣ꣬Ҳֵˣ̲ûУһӻؿׯ㵽ׯңһֻʭӣҲٲһȣ
Ԭҡͷһ·ʮӵ̲ˣҲǰҲûС
ʦͣ¶̾һڴùΧЩ̣ľһˣϸ磬ԼԼɣңֻù
Ԭһֵĵʦ֣Сׯ̳裬Ͳ̸̸ôѵүǶһֱǳ⵽ʲôʱǸͷ
ʦ̧ͷԬһۣ̲סƿڴģ̳ӣ߲֪ĸͽܵٴӣڿׯͽܣʮˣ˼ҵ״һЩһʦ棡潵طȫ״һʲôʦүҳ룡
䣬ֵͷ̾ʲôӣǵͷߣҲ˭ƴƵ˭ǳͶ첻죬ͷﻹǰ̣ʱͷأڣʲôҲ벻
ԬģȻҪƴǾͰ
ô˵õɣ
ԬվСׯֻ̳Ҫʦŵù̸̸
ʦһ´ԬҲµˣϡϿͣǵס
ԬǼҲֱ壬վʦ⼸ϵľֱ֮Ҳزס
ԬһЦʦַģ߿ˣҲ֪˿ͲԼˡҪҪߵ˽ѲҲҪóΪĻǸ󡣿ڵĴ󸻹ȴ̣ɵǾܻ˵һĴǼȥʦ״ôҲҪ˴졭һľһʦֽҲΪĸڼȻ˵ز粩һֵ̣ʱ˵Ķ飬ͱʦһ
ʦɫ԰ףǿׯˣ߿ĵϣβ֪Щ߿֮ͽǴˣѲӣ̶䵥Щһ˵Ҳͱˡôһ֧ߣʲôСׯ̳ǰǿԼ״ӵţҲЩһӲšֻҪ̴첻߻ڣʦֵλþȵġڱ˭ô࣬һ˶ʲôˣ浱ʦֵҲŮͽٲˡ
ԼϹƤЩĿʦһĴȣٲܲȥôɣٸ⼸ϿȻ챥ӣʲôԣ̧Ⱦǣ˲ҪҪؿׯ
Ͽͣģ
ԬҲ΢Цʦֵļ
Ǵʦ֣ȻٺҲĽ̵ѡͶ·û뵽ԼϹϹײȻˣ
ʱؽͬѵ˧ˣǿĵز
ʦ֣㾡ܷģ죬̸У
ʲô̸ʦֵü˳۵һԬǼĺӣһ£һֶҶ˵
ˣ֪գʳҲۣ


ʮ ̸У壩
߲ͷʮϺعԱûһƨ˭Ҳ֪һʲô̵ͷʱ򣬿ƣȻգ´
ͷڴֵ˼㣬ССĹŽ׼һһأ˳ȴЦεڣϺϺص䣬ʹһľͣһнӴȫ⣬˧˴θϸϺӢ̸ϱܵ顪ȻϷٳ˵ҲڶġϺٳôһųȫ˲֪Ǻξģ
һϺٳȻɢΪһ˵λڰͷҲ֮е飬˭Ҳһʲô뷨̾ù˧鲻á
ѵִʲôʣǵ˧ƨĵ棿ЩǿˣǰƣҪһֵܾãϺٳһһķȱһ֮£ûϺٳΪһ˲һڳ뷨ǿɾˣ
ڵĽ£ЩϺٶͶֻɢȥһţԼڵķֻһ¾ʮԼȴŴһЦˡЩᶥԻ͵һͷϰµ뿪һѰ˼ĥҪʲôɫ飬ӵλ˧
Ϻ̨׼Т˧ʱԯȻûóϺðĹݣһҲûȥϺٳеĿ⵱УһȻһֱڽ˳ϣû뿪һ
˶֪һϺ̸еģ˵Ӣ۹һλʹ硣棡˶ôΪ¶һʢıʾӢ۹µһȵǿָӡŪͼӢɫ鲼ȫ򣬾㲻˽Ӣʵ֮ڣҲ֪š˵ЩйϵӢױһձˮʦͽľӪıˮʦýȫûձˮʦȫӢġձˮʦĹģԶԶӢˮʦһͷ
ڴĿеĲ²⣬һڻŴţʵѾ壬һһάֵϣɢ̷ͬı䷨˶õúܡһٳٻ֣뻹ǵǿǣƣǿ̬ȣôЩӴ򽻵һҲһЩǿǻϣôһӴĵ۹һ̶ȵȶһһȨǶǿȴûжٵֿ涼Ϊ۹ǿ̼ʮ꣬żССǷҪرǿˣΪһȨ»ֿǿľٶԿǿڴ˵һ۲۵˫н
һڴѾǶ½ϻձ½ǴҶΪһǿǻûñȡҪһȡǿ½⣡
ӱְ£׼һȵѾ˱͢ڶǿı֡ǰٰ콻ˣڳȨλƴӺǿΪǷԣ⽻ȫȨٰ죬ʶǿܣϣһĵͷȨԴóֻҪһ̨ܿٶʮΣ
ǶķӦȴ֣棬ٶġƹˤȴЩӵӡ˾ǿǿ̬ȷŸɴ뿪ƴȻ÷ҪһĴϺ翴ɫٺò
˭Ҳû뵽ɫĽȴǿӢʹһ̸У
֪ʶӣ⽻ȫĵԵ̬ơӢ޵ĴģԼԼеоǻԺнһйһģ͡ǲŶǿӢ̬ȵı仯˽⣬Ҳֻܹһ˶ѡ
ҪһϺͣҲͣ͵ȥݻλʹ˭֪˼죬ЩŹͷķ糯Σ
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ڸ߲ͷһĶ֮ЩٶҲûԼȺصͷȥӭһģ׼һ󴬵ģǹһӢ˵̸нЩ˼ȻٶͲ˾ĶӡνǴ˧ʱɲܶ嵽˶
صͷЩٶ磬Ȼˮ½ϼû˼ݰصסĴӸ߲ͷϢһɫԽԽѿһǽһֱڵ˵ף
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仰ǳǼλӱǳ˵ģһ֮ǰǻɣϺһ岻Ŷ룬ǾÿʱůĻһ˵˶׵ͷһٶһΪȻӡ
Ϻ̨ϾǾˣʱҲɫŹصʣϸ磬ϴ򽻵ģǲתһ£Աģ˾ֲ˭ֲ֪ӢϺλɵ°ʹˣӹӲܲλӢղǰ˵ϻֵ˵λʹˣе̰ƺûͷϼӣҲҪ¶ַȥ
δ䣬صʹҡͷϸ磬黹ǿ˧ģ̸Ĵ¶ǼӾӵͷġǣҵ˭Ҫֵ˵ʵϻǲڴ˧ߵ¹˵ϻ˵ϻҪǲУ죬ҲȰ˧ȥݻղҪӣ͵óЩǵԱģܾģͷֵ˵񻰣ֻҪ˵˧ߵ˽ԣʮӣֵһ˳ˣ
仰˵ڹصߵǼλ¹ٶ۾޲һֻһʢ˵زߵֻҪ϶죬ĺôΪʲôһߵ˲ǣ
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һصأҲɫ԰׵վ㳤̾˧һʲͷ´Ӣղˣ˧ܸӲڰ˴ҲɣôֵˣⲻǿЦô
˶ֻǿŴʧɫĹصһ¼Ȼ

ӢϺ¹ݡҹɫʹ
һϢйɾ˺βʹȻ֪Ϻصںβ֮󣬵һʱͺȡϵٲȻһϺĴԾӡϷٳһӢĽӴҲе飬β˿Ϊ֡йʮ꣬رǽЩ꣬ԽԽϰϴȶǵӺͰͽᣬԽǷͨĵطԽˡ山࣬ЩӲϾɹԱʼЩǿ⽻Աڳһǿ׳ӣҲףư󣬻һʱη塣
һ˹ʹҲѾͨˣԴɫûΪӢ۹ǲֵˣԭ˶ѡձҲûԽõĶֻһѡӢ۹Ҫ֧֧ҲڴӢ۹Ϊйʮ⽻ԱҲ֪ҵʷԸ⸶òȡԻҵͳȨסڴԼһǧǰһλʯĻʵ۲һ˼ʮӢظԸ֧ô
Ϊ⽻Ա츳ʹΪӢ۹եȡ޶ȵ档
ֵҵǣλȲĳԱҲӢ۹Щ˽Щ⽻ԱΪѾİ׳գֻ˷Լʵʵ
ʵѾһ©ҹ׼ԭӢ۹ھȫʵʹȻһʱѾ˵Ӣֱ֧µĵزΪһѿҲġβ˹ĬĻ˯£صԼң׼һΪɢ̬ȴһǵӮձ
ǲڶǻһңһڴӢ۹ǰҲֻǵİţǵİ
ԼңβʹķһС˵ұ¯ĻѾȫȻ˵ͷϡ
֪˶ãӴʮ˽βŷе飬վһ
ʹ˰ɳӵѾûʹҲڶǵľưź֮󣬾͸ˣǻ׶صĻ׶صʺһ˵ҲԼڰһͺ̲
ʱŻȻãһȻ˰ޣ
βҡͷЦ߳ң뵽ƹ浹һѾơƿţͿʹһʽ߹˿˯£һվƱҲ˳һһٶһۣ̲סһЦʹλеĿվƱβͷʾ⡣
׼ߵƹǰļʱ򣬾¹ͷû£ͷɵ¾ͳ˳һʽӲ˯ĳβ˹Ըԣɵȴ˯Ȼβ˹оһҪ͵ýӴ׼
ϺĹѾβйͨˣЩͷٲɵɾûû
ɵ¹ƶûλߵ˾ƹǰ棬ŷһľͳ˳ȥβ˹һЦ
Сɵ°ʮйһת۾ʮһ꣬ȴȻǰǸëͷСӡ
йûи治֪Ӣ۹ʧʲô
˽ûӪĶԻȴ˾©ҹģһ˭֪λйȨ߿һֱϥı飿
ڷ磬Щ򽻵ΨһȤ˰ɡ
ֻһ±ƿɵֳ˽ɫе࣬²ſ˺βˣߵƹǰ棬ԺβʹĲһӣʿˣ
βһ±ս죬ڰ֡Ǵŵ󳼣һʿ¾ԸǸʿߣܵĻٰӢѲһޣ
ݵķŭ⽻ͷһӶ⽻̵ľǸ¡ĿͶ˹Ͼֺһ̸еλȲ
˹վǶֵ΢΢ЦţƺҲоЩ⡣̧ͷЦλһλ˼ѵôǿԿʿ׸ǴʲôѶϢ
ɵɫѿŽľһֱվڣ߽ʱѥصŵ棬ڵذ滮һʵĺۼ
үҲûʲôӡ
˹ȴ͵Ŀ⿴ȫױͦʽӢ꣬бھƹ棬ʾɵ˵
ɵ¿ھϺĹٻ˵䡣
ʲôϢһûг⣬Ӣ۹ĴҲǺԸ۹̫ѡ񣬶һԶԶЩѡǰģ
һӲĿڻػҲʲôҲ֪˧ţҾţʲô̬ȣҵ飬ҪǾͿ챻ͷ˯Բˣ˭˭ģ
ӵ˽ϷүҺ˵˵ȫ³һʰĻҲ
һ仰ðɵֱۣβȻҲöĹٻȴĬĬվһߣ˵Ժȴһڷɡ
һɳôһͷ̬࣬šӦףԵǴӢ۹ʹΪʲôҪѵΪӢ۹ҪʤҪӢ۹ôû׶ǺܵĶǻҵľƣҵľǣ֧˫ͷӥ͵򶫷˫ͷӥĶ̵ӰѾҩͰһŷޡ۹ѸȶӵһôĶһĽӴӦɳȲĳԱΪʹ
β˿ΪһΪһ۹ĹԱеĵ
ɵµĻ˹ݵЦЦȻпžƹȱơɵ³ҲӲĴӻͳһŵݸɵ£ɵ²𿪿һۣ÷ˣֱӵݸȲ
ɫĵֽż棬ӲдƯӢġһʱġ˹һۣʿֵЦһ½ӲĬĽżת˺β
Ҫҽŷȥ֧ҡûѡڶǴأΨһһȻӢ۹Ըʮϵ½޺ͶչģսҵҲνϷɧĲˣҵյĦΣ׳͵ĵ¹Ӣ۹ԷôԸ̸ԼĴϵȺ磬ʵûȤһˡǿһΣֿܹˣܰӮôӢ۹Ͷ˹۹޵Ĵľ֣öעתŷ޵ģޣΨһѣ


ʮ ̸У
ˮϣҹ
ҹȴִԲӿĽ֮ϣӫӫй⡣
һվڽ˳ͣµĻˮ֮ԣһĬȻ󼸲ģΨгµ¶ѡ
һ´ݿֻͣӢפϺ¹һš̬ϺٳΪ̫ϺӢ̸У֪ǣ˶˵Ŀ⣡
ֶȴؽ£ȴǺܶ˶벻׵ĵ
ǶǴ֮·ߵʱˣÿһʱ䶼ܱ򽻵ĸһǿʹڹڹٳڰڶ̬ҲͰˣôҪĹͷˣôһǸʲô˼
ҹɫֻηӿĻɴ뺣ӼǧԴ߳ĵɽʹأǰǹ̫ƽһľþ򶫶˭Ҳ֪Щʲôż۵ϺٳܿһȻԵ飬Ӧףβˣˡ
ĽŲ춯΢΢һԵһıͻȻͷһſ󰵴վӵһõڡҹɫой⣬ֻǶҲĿһ
һչһЦǲδ⴬˯ţӹǲ̫ʵǵ˯ĺá
˧˯ôҸԣڵĵߵһߡɫҲͬ࣬ɫµĽˮᷢʣ˧㵽ڵЩʲô
ϺصѾڸ߲ȣºüӵĺôֻҪ˧ԣ˵ȻᣬϥһЩҲûʲô˧һ䣬ֻҪܾһ;ҲšĶ˧ڴ˧˴θϺӢ̸֮д˴е˼ҲǳС£ѧҲȱ⼸Ǯ˵ģ²ûе˴Ǵ˧ȡĵ·Ĺؼ
УѾ˧ɨƽ˧Ҳ졣ڣ͢£ѾһƬɢɳڴϷѾĴ˧Ҳָ˼顣Ī˧ߣƣ˧Ϸʡݣ޴֧֡Ψһɵߣ޷ǿ̬ȶӣʱίȫίߣǴ˧˵λ֮飬ѧ֪˧Ըңϵһͷ󵽳ʣ޲һ·ƴɱΪλߣвÿ£Դ˵ȹϵ˧ҵһǿ֮ʹôһź֮˧Ȼ£ѧҸ
˵Ŵ󼸸Ѿǿ
Ҳ벻ֻܹᵽһԸȥģ֮ɡһҹûйȥ黹صءڴӢ۹޷ڱس͢һ֮ɾӣʱһһӢʲô˲ģһʰɽѹεǿʢˣʲôҪ
Ǵ과ӣڶ⽻棬һԼÿȨҪȡʲôʱ˶֮ʣʱһҲǰΪеĹͷ¼Ȩʲôÿǵģ
һĬĬڵĻֻǵһЦɵɫʱһ㶼ˡһһ֮άӵ㣬ʱż˭ҪǽһӵִϺʼһֱൽڡоԼ
Աűس͢ӢЩͽ̬ȣľٶʵ˼ϻ
ڣֻǵһЦԣɲԶΪء
ˣ̧ͷǿʲôҵģ󣬵ʣڹĶֳĩȻͬɡڿѰҲ·ǵУһѡһϣҺͱǸֺ͢Ӣ۹ҺԼҪȡĳ͢ʲô𣿡
⻰˵ڣڰ䵭ش𣺡ǴȨ˧ˣ˭ܲ⣿
һòˣҲǴȨ´ҲǴȨҵ˵ԼɡǶ˼ʮ壬ձСС۸Ҳҧֱͦһ˰ɣҪ֪ҹȥҪĲ磬ҪҲһֻͷһʩ¹ң
ڵļЦԣԶΪһΰɡԳӢ˰ǣǲοģֻһϱ߱˭öĵزҲֻʵֵܻĶҪȻְʱ˷򣬵ʱҲˣҲˣ֧֣˭ȥʵôȻǿӲ̬ȻЩ׹㣬㣬ʱ㲻עʱҪٴȥʵǻôʱ򣬻ЭΪοģ
һֵ磬ÿһֶڰԹۣһʼ¶ӵʱ򣬶ֻԥ˺ĺʱֻһ͢ĵλҲɵãʯƸʮݳȥԼҪȫ֧֣ʲô³Ӧñף
˵Ȼһ˾ٶ˼ҲЩסǿտڱԼʵõӢǿǲ˵ͷݵġֻǻɵĿһ
˧ʲôʵ֧ģӢһҪЭ飿
ǴԽġһеƵͷ롣˵ʵڵģҲԽԽԼԽͣʱƬʮĩĻĹÿһ񵴣ءȥ֣һ֧Ρ
ֻߣԼӢҪԸֻԼеļ֣
ûݼ֣һҲ߲ڡ
ڽϴʱһͷżҵ˼붷ǲǸɴ͸Сһ㡣ϽӢײҪˡõõ档һķϲС죬ߵزѾǳΪֵ֮ϡйȨλٻңң֣Ժ飬ǲǺˮ졭
ǣġ
ٲĽ޵˽ƿһе統Ҳûӵ顣
ףһߣֵĩڹһķ糱Լ˷糱ζԵһ·ͷ­Ѫ̾͵·ֱߴЩж
һڣֻһЦɫϣ⡣
Ҿ֪ΪڶǴ½Ѿ˭ԣŲţ㡣

һϺˡ
ΪһݳֽҪ߬ˮ̷ͬ鷿ͷֻҧгݵʹޡ
ϺˣһĴġЩͷעҪѷɫаյزĴˡϺһŵĶҲԴԴϵűͨһӢʹ̸УΪҪشϢճ͢ȨҪ֮һ̷ˣҲǺ֪ܿˡ
̷ͬæòɿֱ䷨Ҫⶨ֣䲼ֱΰҲѹļͷҪùġڳ͢·ָĹڱ䷨£ժҪܵûʲôȡġ¾ȻҪӪƾٶ׼ˣǿһһ̵ģ֪ЩƶȺ;׼ҪСټϲݿ͵ģ̽䷨᲻ᴥĳЩġ˯ʱæϢúͿΪȼ˵˼Ӧ֮ߡ
һƹһкһУ
ΪֻǺ޺ޣ̷ͬͷ£Щӣھ֮طŻҲҲе㼵̷ͬ˵еĺҲ˼ˡʱβʹڱѾˣһյʡ֮أȫΪ磬ҲǲطҲǳ͢ˡ
ں棬ҲǺܻ˲ٹ󳼣ƣԲ϶ȥ͡Ϊȴֳ͢ԱͷȥӵĴ̬ͣǰðҲʣûҪǮҲƵĳ硣һʱеԵõǣÿȥһζĸʹݣӶûƱȳϡµǶдˣ̷ͬͿΪǸĵĺ֣ԴһΣ̽̽Ҫʲôֳ֧͢Ŀڷ硣ʡ֮ظΪ磬̫ˣվָ磬ǲֻҪܽһƽ
ѯΪʱһԣų״ȫΪС˽ͷҲи̷ͬλÿˡŵҲλȨصλã֮Ժ̷ͬͥҲͷˡȥδ
ǵУֻҪǣ浽Ӵ򽻵Ļ⣬ΪֻҪ͵ðѳ֣Դ帧ĵһԿҲڿĥҪôӾķΧΪƹնټ˼Ρ
ԼԼøߣˤ͸ݡڱǣ·ߵȥȴһӢ۹ղ󳼰Ͱ͵ܵϺȥһ棡
ϢΪǴľ
̷ͬƣԱߣæгȦȫĺɫŨĲˮɫҲʧ͵ǡ˷ĿΪƵסһЩֻǳò˵ﷴ˼Žʲôʡ
̷ͬ˵Ϊ޺޵һļһ֪˶ӢӣָضЩˡʱЩһƹ
̷ͬҡͷֲˡ
ΪЦһɫýɫʱ㻹˵ãȲһǲˣȻҸȷһϢ޲Ӣǰǵѥȥ¶Ȳ˵ô죿壬ҵһȫˮһˣƸãҵȻӣô죿ϢһɢȥǶҪһ룡
ͷΪȻְ˼ת˺ƹϣʱץٲܳٻˣͷ˧µѱάֱΰ࣬ԸһȴĲ㣡ҾͲ֪ʲôȱľǿķúǮֳɾͿԶүӰͰ͵Ѿ˹ôһʱͲգ
˵Ѿ㵸̼֮£˵ҲԽӵ޼ɵ㵽ʲôҪ֪㣬ΪһʲôĬʮѾȴٳٲʼѡҲУǮҲУڻʲô㵽׻ڵʲô
̷ֻͬǴĬȻôܶԿΪ˵ԺƹŵıǮһĵļɵһܽүƳ⣬¼Ԧˣ̷ܼͬԦôʱһֱڿų֣ܲѭȽϹ;һµѱΪһ֧¾
ѹҲԽԽ
ĹѾѯŽչ顣;ãȴŪǮȥǿӢʹȴϺһ̸У
ٳٲ¾ھѹάֱľٶѾڱǶ˲֪ۣһĹϵѾֱʵۣټ̧ͷ˹ʵлɵĿ⣡
ȷţϺϢǸôһֿң
ѵֻգ
ĶԿΪĻһ㷴ӦûУ˿Ϊָͷϡ
鷿ͻȻ̷ͬϼվ鷿ſڣˣϵּˣҪ˸Ͻ԰ͷʥ
ϼ˿̷ͬһۣɫҲеţЩϹοɲôã˵ŷȴˡǲϻ·
ϢһĴ̷ͬͷϡʱ˼еټӢ飬ʲô
ΪЦΣԻϣָλػ
̷ͬûֻǽ֮󣬲Ż̧ͷһĵϼ˵Ը׼ӣڽͷ·ȥɡ
ϼ뿪̷ͬվĿſΪƹҴ԰ӳͼӣҪˡϺ⼸һ֡쿪ʼǾͿʼѡ׳ֱɹģţԼѡ
ɫ࣬ĿкŽҲ֮ϺҾһ仰ѡŵ㣬ڱ㲻ҪǺүаĴ㣡

Сׯ
ʦ֡ӡڵСԺͷԬڷСֻɨǼӣ⼸ӣûаֽŵɫֻϵĶʱһ䲻䡣
ԬıǹǼҲĹҵģһﶼóˡ
أ
ͷˣƨҲҷŰʱһЮߡСӺСׯһͷʦǹ˽ҹ͸
Ǿ⼸ˣûеӣԬһ䡣
ǻشɡ
СӶſˣЩһ
ͷģͲʶֶôд
ϰ壬ǿְɣͷٱͷʰ˻˯޵ľǻô˵ţ
̸У̸У
ɣں̸ȥǲĵǹ룡
ԬĵͷһߣЮʦ֣Ǹλȥ

Ѿ°ҹˡ˳Ȼͣڸ߲ͷһӰԱߣһ
߲ͷƵϺٳﶼתӢͽ˳һһš
˧¾Ǹ𣬻ʵ۲̫Ǽ岻ңЩҪٵҲң̯ôһλү
ѾˣиС˧ǾȥӢˡȵûϢ˳ߣӢ̸ɡ
һ㳤̾ԡ
Ӣôӣ˳֣ǲָЩӵӣϱ֮䣬Ҫˡ
Ϻλ̨ǶĿ⣬Ҳ֪ͷǲе⣿
ۿѾǸ¶ԽȴһԽ䡣󣬵ȵķϺصվʪ䣡һҲ㾡ˣԻؼҰɣҪµǣ˲𲻵٣ؼҳԼȥ
˶̾վ𣬻ûվֱӣŲ⼱ٵתһͿһӢŴñӷҲƵܽǧʹ˴ˣаˣӢӴûôСҹģ߲ͷˣβʹɵ£Ӣλղ󳼣·ˣ˧
ٵɫһ±ò԰ףϺصӻһ£ڵϡ˻˵ų˸߲ͷĹݣֱͷջšԶֹͷ·̵عͷʯ㶵ľѾ˹յͷζú棬Ӣ¹ݱǵʽͷ
ϺصϺ̨λ飬ʱ̲סӾתͷ˳ֿȥԱߣһŶӰȻֱվڽ֮ϣɫ棬ϣƺӳײ⡣
Ϻص淢˽ĸ̾£˧ˡ


ʮ ̸Уߣ
˳ССĴͼͷڽҹһЩӢˣֱ¡ڵŨѾµ
һǺȹ߿ȵڳʽصĸʲҪѧվĥŪȵȫաȶһҲûԼǮҲûǮ说ϺÿȶһһС㲻ȳµġһǲԼδ޹ܣΨһȺöİòԼϱġ
˹KȲһһ棬ͻྪ̾ڶԷᡣ˹ʮͷʹһǸҲȻȲ屾Ӣӥμ壬ҲԶԶӶơ
Ӣ۹ʮĩȻѾ絽˾ͷÿʷϵĵ۹ŵβ棬ķһ¡ҲΪЩʷľ޴۹еʶ֮ʿ֪һ۹ţвܱסһֲֹͣӴĵ۹Ǹ߶ˡӢ۹Ҳˡǵʹõ˾ͷССʷֲΪȻھҲǸɹŲԭ۹ǴӢ۹ͳǾԵЧͳΡ
۹ĻѾʹôɫ˲ѴŰ³ѷʷϲ֮𣬵¹𣬷գҲЮž޴Ĺ޺ֱײӢ۹ʵͷѾоеģ۹֪Σڣ۹Ϧڽ֮ʣӱչʱӢϣʹάǶʢʱҲδֹķֳߣλ޲϶ӢﲻԸ˵ֳ޵ǣӰԶȽѧ𣬾Ӱ켸Ӣ½鸻ǿǰֳͳһӢУ
ںϣӢĻӻżͻĲƸҪѹŷ޵ĺͬʱҪѹȫ硣ƶ˿ǰǿ׼Ǿһͬǰ³ѷµ۹ʱڹĺȫҺܺͣôƣôеʮĩӢ۹Ӱӣʷظظġ˹
ӢͳμŻ½ȲٶλãӥɵμĵڶʱѾѹ˰ĶҪռ顢ǡڸɴҴӢ۹ٶƳλĿ֮һԶ
ʷĶǰһûмǴĻλȲΪӢ⽻ϣʹɳ޸ʥ˹طŵԼһ½ж絺֮ص顣Ҳɴ˻˼εѫ¡λ࣬ǲ۲۵ĶԶΪͲѺõ
Ӣ۹ʮĩķУعⷵһ͸֧ŷάžԵĵλѹű鲼ȫֳأӦ͵¹ǿսҪϺͶȻչΪҵĽ
³ѷ۹ΰҵĪڴˡ
ҲλȲǩӢͬԼΪ˶ԸӢϧάϰĹٹߡ
ҲΪȲϵʹŻôĸϵϺһ̸УҲΪһôţλʹӦ٣˳Ϻ̸У
һԺͷʮĩƷڸݣ壬Ժŵ˵ͷûܳļʶˡȫ綼ĸϤʷĵùӺһԽ
ȲӢСˣ˵ԴֵİҲûдȴ֪ӢʲôǮ
һԼ֮һǧĺ๫ӢӿСˣ治ϣ
һԱߣһɫֱеŹ֣֪λ˧֪뵽ȥˡǱź˵ġĵ׳̾һҲе֮ǲ½սѾϴøɸɾڱԣַͨдѵʱ飬ʶ硣һ˴ϺΪѾӾӣԼԣҲƵĹõӢ˵˼֮Ϊһ˼
ʲôʶˣ˲ٻؼұŶ顣
ʱŷ֣һļʶʵǸ࣬Ӣ˹Ȼˣʹڽ˳־ִٵĴͼͷ
һıڼǴܸУȻһôҪĳϣһ仰Ҳ˵ֻǳԼ˼ͷ
ģÿĩ˥΢˼ʱӢƬЩȴʷϴδйǧδ֮֡ȨǿҲδйĸ涼ǿĵ˻ڲࡣԪǣҲһζԼʧȥģãȻѰҳ·ҲΪˣŻһһӢ۽
ϱŻЦӣôҲӢء
оЦ˵ǣӢһ𣬶һܲ˵ΪûнʶˣӢʿڴǻӢȻҹ˹ƣЦе·ƣβ˼ʮ⽻Ҳû
ӢֻǳǳĺſȣȫΪ֡һʱ治֪ôڡһǷţһµ㵽˹еҪǵ۹ձһս֮˫˫ʧȥ۹ԶĲһ¿˺ôһѰֲĴʩһԶȻͽǵߡһͨβıӴԲ˹һеٶȡ
ʹ˹˼У˵ʵڵģǺβһ̫Ϊ⡣Ϊ˾£ֻӢ۹ĶݡǽҹһɣرǷţһ¾Ҳһáܶ˽⣬ܶԴӢ۹޲Ϥôڶǵϣ;˽һ
ʵѾж֤һ֧¾˴ձ½ôҲ˵֮ļʶ۹ϣǰùֹ֣ȫʽһķѵôйϤĺβԶԣǣûһ˿ԵһĶ֣ǰٸߴĳǽҲѥһ߼һкܴĿܣ۹δˣ
ʱԭջֶΣһ䵭̬ȽԶЧҵĴ㣬ȫȻաǻûãʱһʲô̬Ⱥһ򽻵
뵽β̲ס޺޵Ŀһ۰ɵ£ֿһ˹
ɵµĻ쵰Ϻ£ȻѼ۹ʡݱ䶯鱨Ρһôһֻм赭дʵı棬֪ǳƻҴͿĨ͵ġˣٲʺϴҪְλˡ
˹ԹȴڣȲˣӳ˶ԸǶԸλ˹ʹһ϶֣ͳסǴҴ⽭˳ͷ
ޣ˶ԸôҪ顣λʹУЩԶ⽻ԱƺæŵĶһЩëƤ飬ǲĴ顣Ƭ˾޴˿ԶԶ⼸ʮֳ⽻ĵУβҲ˽⵽ƺľһּ̺⽻ģһֱڷֻңҵľӢײڰη徴ϧеʱΥ⽻ԭ򣬶ڴ۹ǸȨĳ̶ֳ֧֡һңҲͻǰ˶ͳεĩտʼ
ǣһֱҶκ˵Ϊһ⵽ЦЩűӣб۾ʱйˣΪĴУ
ǧǰҾѾ˲ûԻ͵˾޴ĵ۹Ѫһֱڣѵûһô
Ȼһμ棬βλйͨȴĸоλѾ൱ȨйУγ壬Щǰ°㡣Ǵδйģ⽻ĵУܴľӢδϻۣǰԱֵߡλѾ̨ãıǶǰ˼ηһΪеԱ
һϣǿҵĸоľǰˣûһ˿ηģȫƽȵĺǶӡ԰ҲԱӦóʱĴ氡
βȻ֪ܵһ̬ı۵ǿΪһ꣬һ˵ѪܶѪͷܶһǸʱգȥ
˳ֵĴͼͷžÿ˵˼ȴڷתݣȺôãÿ˱ͷǰҪ֪µĿʽŨȡһڲ²żӢӵ˼ɥ˹һжΪӢ۹޵βֻڸ̾һȣɵ˼ȴƮ˿Ϻµ罻ȥˡ
֪˶ãһССĿȱЦλζٺãҲ˵ʹ⣬Ѿ֪޷ǾҪάԶƵƽ⡪˵ҿѸƽڶǴ½ĻҾƣ޿¿ܣ½һǣƶ˵ĲǲԽǿӴӢ۹ʹ顪ӡȡǻʲôĳ⣬رҵĸ
һƣһҲʵúЩӢʿƴˡλṫʹĵǿһ˽һҪЩܻȥӢЩμҲÿǽʲôȻαض˵ôϻЩǴ˻һ¶˳ϷϺ֮УЩӢ˿һһõĳɹˡƷ壬òŴӢ۹İ
ĵڣԽԽǿҵĸоǻǰȭҵ£Щ׹Ҫһʰƣð˹һĻݣ
ӢƶǽͷӢ֪ܶǷʲô״ֻʰȨĶصĻңӢ޵Ĵľ֣
ԼҪЩ׹֪ŵӢԸôһȻЩ飬һô
ӢˣܴĸǶ˵Ѿû˱ѡ
ȻĻ˵Ķλ˹ŵ޶⣬ǱصôƣȴζβͨֻĬţһ˼˽롣
Ǳ߰ɵ½Ͱ͵˹ˣ˹һʹȴ䵭ֵ°ͣ˵ľܱʵ۹ȷǳ޾ƵȶѾ˶ھһ̶ȵ˽⣬Ƕڵ۹ԣҪ
һһЦˡ
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һ۹ɳĹ۲ҶѡûίУҲûʽȨ仰˵ûκȨ
Ȼûйٷ壬Ǿͺð졭һתӻأ˵ʹʵʵʹҲȷʹͨ졣Ǿеʲôٷ壬ݣࡣĻĽףԺֱܷͨӢ۹ࡣ
ȻҪϺҲǿʲôģĳȲܵͣĹ۲죬ҲܵõΪӽʵĽۣ֪ȲܲܲһΣʵҲпɹۡ
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˹ǰͽ۲ֱ̫˳²˹Ҳһڽܡ
һܽϢһֱͨڽ˹Ĳʲô򡣿һͿͨȫķʽ־ı֣ӰԶǾƵжϣһȲˣûйٷ壬ڽǣô۹ϱĹ۸ֽΣ
˹һȥģΪһŵԸĶȲֻʣβҲǲ֪ŵҰģĿתŷޣڴӢ۹ƽŷ޾жôҪ塣ǽƫִľãһҲȶҪΣգ
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ҲףȻ˹˵仰ܿܵõʽѵʾй֮У϶ܵȨ׼Բȡļ־ٶڽ˵Ϊ̸бһѡˡ
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βӣĿ棬һ˹˵ͷ΢Цת
Լǲй̫ˣ˵۹ǿ˵۹˵жô㣡
һֻĵЦЩӢӣѶԸúءӢͳνײ㣬Ҳڰ統ǻߵһȺˡ
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Ĵ㣬ϺϷһ̶ȡǿĬϣԽϣĴѾĩ̷֢ͬ˭Ūúáԭ㣬Ӣ̸ĳ̶ֳϻǷǳҪġҪϴٲӡ
ڣȭҵӰѾѹڱǵϿգǳٶȷӢ̸еȫڣǿйܷʲô飬һʰòԶɱΪνӣӢ˱㣬Ҳ˽ϧ֮ٻôྫֲձȥ
˹ôһѾ㹻ҲӢԶļɵСϹġӢȫȨ֮󣬻ºӢû̸ô
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̷ͬˡ·ԼѡģûñԹ
̸УҪֻЩѡѾ¶ĿҲѾﵽ·ľͷǰʲôúЩӢίߵģ
վӢЦҹ佭·ǳԺǾϵϣıҿΣδðɣ


ʮ ̸Уˣ
Сׯͷ̳ӣӵĴʦָȫׯĶӡҵеӹʧ֮ǰںӱϸʮ߰ĶˮءˮϵĵزֵǮˮؿɺֵϼġ꣬͸̣󿻣˱Ϸѧ˹ͬ๫ʱ֣ҲƵȣ๫ɱӹʮֹԿӰϱ߶áתۼҵ͵Ŵþ⡣
Ǳ籾۽翪Ҳʶ˼ѡûҵ˾ҪѰ·үĵһѡʵͶ̡ϧǴ̶Դ̿ݵúܣ뵱ͨѵģ̶һ͹ȥͨҲ࣬ͷҲһƤһ˿ŽҲǳϢ󣬻˼ռλã˾Ա˵ϻ󻰾ͻ˵Ҳ˾ôյýȥ
ûˣֳȭᡣЩ̴ʹ߷˷һڵֻҪ㵨Ӵ󣬸ǰĳжٶٰݰӵѣҸĳׯĽ飬ҿ²ŶٶİĴǹĸĸүֵѧһǣӵʦֵж١̵Щ߾Ϳ䣬¾͸㴫̵Щַͽܣ̼ӵܡӴ֣ҲЩ첻ߵʣڼУȻҲֵĶȻ״һɹ̳Ҳٴӵܵݣ۲۵ǻͷ
̱Ȳý̻ƴڹٸǰӡ״һҲԼߣסȫԸеĻãûУİطٵҲټЩٴӵܣͷһҲûøǣ˲ǮʦľһǻԼ̳
ǰ̳ĸӹǺܲ⡣˵Сʵ֮󣬹ٸͺܲȭȻ˼ͬк̳˭ƤȭԱֻᣬҲҰ·ӡǵʱֻǱƵ·ʦֻҪҵЩ
ڸѰ˼еʱһͻȻһ䣬ϢٸҲҹȭˣдԣȭҪѡ׳¾壡û·ߵĸһᣬ̾ҪѡҲҲôһ˶ٴӵܵҲûãֱͨһٴӣֻˣ
һ߿Ƶı׳һϯǡʱ׳˶үĵӡҲǺ͸үͷǰͷ滥ݶĽ顣Ƽǣ̲סһ䣺˵ҲģôУطٸûܣλ͵ſڣٶ¹ûãû˴·иʲôӣεСׯ˵ִߵٴͽܣ뿴ܲܰæ·أһƣҲǰ׸Ѱ·ɡ
ү۾ˣƱѻ˶վƹȥ붬ʱŰ߰ӣͷϣһ֪·ɵλأӽسǵŶͺ۾󺰴Уߵ״ӣţǹͷҾҪĹֹΣĸն
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سͷı̳ȻҲ·Ķ壬һԿھ䣬̵ϣԼˡСׯû̳Ըȥֶ󶼳ɣֻҪسǵ̾ꡣس̳ĴʦֿͿд˸һٺ÷ƤӴߣ󳵣׳硣
سǵϢȻܿʹСׯƤǳСׯҲûʲô𣬶̫үҵ˵ãټڷ˵̵ƣǵĴһҵӣ˵ˣ۲һĸѧʲôҹլҲۣܲ
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Ϊ˱ƽϰҲϽ˽̡İϷǽӭЩϷӴգһ¯ˣֲؿʯҾʺǹܵɳǹҾ͸͹ͷͭǮʲô֣̳˸ƵֺǺǵġװŪˣ˾ΧͷҲͽıƿˣϵ£߶߶ģߵĴСϱ˺ѣ˺ͷӾӼ߶ţŮգ˵߸ˣ˻𳵵ë¥Үս̡ɱ˶ٸͷ֡
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ΨһöүЩˬģԭׯͷֻᱣұЩүǶԭƲ϶үʱүǣҲûʲô˵ڶүʲô磿ۼþҪǣǰһԸԼ·̳ҲԸǻһ˵ʵڵģͷ̳ĸ̩Сӣ̳ҲԶԶүͷ㣬Ҳ¶ȻܱȹӣʲôʱѾϢ͢ϾҪʽѡ¾ǣҶжӡ˭˭϶ռˣŶƴҲүʾϣܹȥһ¯˼үػ־ģԸ˼Ҵȥ۳űͷǰһԲ̲£éͷʯͷֳӲǰһȭ򰾽ǵ׳ӣҪǵǣѡ¾ʱүָһӪ
ƫƫϣ飬ʮа˾Ű
˼ĸүѰ˼ˣǰֻᣬͷֱбʱǵоȥͷҪģô͸̵壿ǲ·ӣߵķһ
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СЬⲻ˶үֳɹʿķգֻҧ촽۾ˮЦЦĿӷھǰûôţŸʱץٿʵھͲʵĶļһָ̧ȢҹŶ˵Ҷʮͷ棬ôûˣ
үԼķɧǶεģͷҲеˣҲôٲĶʮˬˣ͸㿪ȥһ˵һ߾§СЬҹ
СЬư͵ĳžֻŤҿֻҪͷǮ£ɫҲãǮð࣬Ū
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󣬾ЩСϱɤӵĲҽһţ
үƨɾ͹˿ȥժͷµľӻǹǷӵĺڵţֻܴǹʦ٣ӵѰ١˾˰ʮСЬֻѹͷ淢һʱ͵óү˼ͺһ¶ŰǶһѳ־ץסǹתľֻһͷˣǲǱͷ̩̳ģֻǶ˼ûŪģ

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ׯͷĸү̳Ԭеʧ֣װŪͷӿϣˣ
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˵һ֣߼Ѿݵĳ̳ĴšԬһֲӣһͳǹ󲽸˽ȥ
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ļ£ǶֶΣҲ̫аˡԬһʲôûŮˣʦ𷨵ĸͳ
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ӵżХӹһײŮϣŮһУڵϣһʼδ߶ʱɲˤӣʱɲˤӣһϾ÷̵ĵط־ʪģŮĶʱͿ޽ﰡǹ
Ŀ޽УԺĻңһƬֲ˭еġԬǿûĹЩŮˣǵص´һվЦģһȻ֣ǺӲ𣡡
Ԭһ֣ǹ򣡴ۣĻģӶһ
Ƿ׷׾ǹŴһǹȥʹĲҽУүǶ򣬱ҶǹҪôģ˵ĵһ˶ǹ˳
һԬԬںڰУӲ˭ͣµģӴӦٲԥ˸ͬʱ죬ʮ෢ӵˮһ˷棬ǹڻյԬԲֵ׺ԺŮѾȫŴֻʣ¼еıܷӦŮӲҽͱǹһ
ӱԬǯһֽץסֻһȣ˳
ģǸʲô񰡡̸У


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ص˳ŵֻͣˮתڽˮд˴Ŵŵİˡ
һȻȵ˽ǡĸղݵˣڶæòɿҲ֪һǺϲӭӺӵųûеͷӣɰ˹İ״֪ǽǵ׸ӭȻ飬ټǾڹڹٳģͷ˾ؽźٶǵʲôģ
ͷ棬˹Ĵܶọ̈̄ͷջȺ򣬿һĲڽ˳߸ƮɫȴΣеơ
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İԣСϰҲοһİԣ̫̫լί裬ѾǽǷз˵һص˶ܲãʱ˧ŭǲǶëӹ°壬ԹҪõ˹ĵͷϣͷΪʲô˵ô˧׼ûУ
˵˰ɣ̫̫ǵﶨ˵ġɫͷɫ̫̫ѾǽΪҫ۵һ羰ߣźΣľһ·硣ЩƵĹأϿ㣬·У̫̫Ҳûϧƶ¶俴Сѧ˵Ц˶Ϊ֮ĿѣҲûϧǿЦ򭡣
˵ģһûۣ˧һ·ӹģôȢһëӣͷ¶棬Ҫá诵濪ʺޣܿͰˡ˵ִ˧լɣ˹Ŀģ̫̫ܲ˵ģҲ㹻լɴûôŹģ죬ҲûôΪλصĸ
̫̫ĺ״͹ĵˡ˵ԣ˧һڵ̫̫ңҲȨ죬ƴҪ̫̫Ǻ˹ģӿʵеѹ
ΪΪѡ˹ĵͷֻҧгݣһ涼û⵽
һѪζжŨ񣬶ʱĴ·ʵڴߣټӴ··䣬ӽǸʱķװأҲرĴۡ
Ҳû⵽ͷųӴͷֻǺ˹л̸ЦһӢҲsosoԻȴûʲô̫⡣һ·ͺ̸Ц˶˾Ҳ̸Ӣ⹴Ĺϵ̸̸ֻʷ˹ҵమо˹֮ĽʷһҲܴϻ˾Ų˹۹˵еĿάսһֻҪṫ£˹ѾǸ߿һһۣΪ֪֮һӢ۹ʿҲһ㣬ܿСЦ
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һüëһۼӿ̵ȥ˹Ǵڣһġ壬˵˲㡣
壬ʲԽ˹ĺ棬˳۵ģײһ¡˹ݿһ£üͷ˵һļʶȼʹ߰䵭úܡܲˬľǣһϾǸˣ۴ĸǶܶΪƽӵĿ⣡̬ȣǷģӰ£Щ£Ҳֶڰ˵ѷϢЩҪϸ۲ġԶĸ֣ҪΪ˶ұ䶯Ӣ۹Ҫô䶯вȡ۹棿
һֱߵǰͷİ˹ǰһĹٷͳͷ񫣿ҲеʱˣǰʲôûƼ´㡣תŴһֳŰ˹ģһ߰ЦͷؼҳſȥֲǼҵĻţ
Ʋϣһûʲôģ԰˹ĵѵҲЦͷڣҲ̫ƵϣȨλ֮˵ˣȴ˰صķݶϡȻҪĳ֮ڣһϵġ
ӭɵվ﹪վࡣѾȥкһĴ˧רһȴԼŵİ״֪ɪɪ֪Լľˣתһ˹ɫ԰׵öе㷢ࡣҧ¶״
һſɫȻȲϳ˫CPUҲƵԴҲ˼Ӧٵ˼Ĵˣ˹̬ʱĵĪǽڵʱʲô飿ܰ¶һִģΪ֪֪ףҲϺǱ޳ĪʲôʣЩĸµһʱͻɵ˶סجģǵøǶ飿
һ˹ģ֪ȥȴһǿŲȥʵҲڽ׷ʲô飡һ˵һ˵ĹҪº֪ˣԼ֪ʲô
˹һһţ˧¹ٵûаٺô˧լġ
ҡҵլ
˹滺ӭһһ˶֪λٲȻӵʲôղźһļƣ֪᲻ˡһ·׷ժñӺڡǲȱأ۾ͷǼӣؽҲ٣֪Ըӵע˹ȻҲԽݺǺѣͿǵˡ
ֻһ·ñӵı׼ģСĵһ˵ʲôƼһɫĳ³žԽԽѿǶӢ۹ʹλԶûгֹٴһɫ
˹°ͣе档
ⷬǲ̣һɫൽ˼㣬еֺ̿ͿЦõı飬ǹٶ˵꣬һϾȻ
˹֪ںȻ̾ⶼʲô¶ʲôûУôһ֣ûʲôҲֳʲôˡô˼ȥ˵һĸǶԼƷ˫̥ԺҲǱ۸ˡ룬请һɲû˧һʱԶ诿ľ͵Ȥˣʱ䣡ٶ£Ů˳ԴҲǾԲܸģȻҪһˣ뿪ǡֻҪߣҲԻ᲻ߡһ鷳ǻȥƣ𵶵ĺȥүŮôˣүʮ˸ҲүˣȻƤܵģ
ˣ¶Ůûõ˲Ÿɵó顣ԼʱഺٵŮӣѾǺеˡҲ֪ЦڣһԼֱ׳ԼϲŮӣ˽ͷһ㣬ϧһ㣬һ㣬籾ǳģǳԼŮ˵ġ
ͷʣܳĸǶȿǣҪ诵ġϾϱǸ˵ĸ뿪ʱ̸УҴӰ˹ĻرĹ̵УҲ磬̵УҲǺչˡŮӣѾǾܵѧȻѧЦٳ
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Լôģ
˵еʵڻôһʵҲС£檵ʱٵķޣ诱ƯһŮӣûлŴ󷿳òŮլȤŮӶԴף֮ȤˣǷع֮ĵֻҪˣŪٳӭլҲô¶Ҫˣǰ¾޼ҵĸԼһӻĶŮӶ˵飬ǿɾЦеˣ
Լеϲɣ
һüë°˼վͷ档ǶĿһǶԲ˹һȻȥֺĳϻ̳Ͽģ֪׷ʲôĴ飬ǰ
ڳһЩƼ״һ˶Ŀһ˼ڤ롣˹ֹͣһһʱһ߶
ҲһҴҵĸϵһߣʵ˧ʲôʣ
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һһЦԣҷֵսЩ龫Ϊ˶սʱû뵽Щôһ壬취ǿ壬ǧٿ׵һ֣һҪٴУҲŽû£ҵĶ֣ĩ壬ʱĳ˳Ӧ׷Ҫ飡
µѽǣ˹һڸʲѾȷֻȺһһϰ֣ӢӲŶʮߣе飬ȶԸ峯˼ˣҵŪȥҪģֻȨıͷתԣҲô׷ҰɣǶȥ٣˳ǵĹ۸£ǾͲһĽգֻҪǿʲôѣֲǸֺǵģ
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ڵͷʸϵͨ룺˵ʲô
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Сׯһҹ֮䣬·ͱ졣
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СЬһϳƨɣʮѪ·ׯʦվǶֻ˵ʦ棬̣ǵĹŮʦ˵ˣ񣬽ʦүҲûô·Ů˾Ǹ࣬¸ʲôǼҵĻãļеĹŮϱϣһ鲼ƬнǵִҪд飡治ۣðӶǮһƣ׻ļٿǮʦ˵ˣҪ¾ҪǮûĵׯӣ˵˵Щӷ˶㣿ļûѪ
ʦ˵ˣŻڴģǽĻһһĸֺú˭ڲģȥ͵øһʦ²ôһ׵һһë󣬾һٸֶʮǮʳһҲûôۣŸǶ۾׳ӣڣҪɴ¶ˣ
ͷ̳ͷˣ°ҹҼҶڴЩͬСĻ
һĵĸϹȥűģÿһëءҪǸҲȥ˼ˣʱȥֱͨͷụ̂
ͷ̳ԺӻǸԺӣճǸճλͤûֻնϣѾ߸߹˸ʬףļĸ廨ѾǰͷĶ˰ޣֻʣ°ЩĻʹߣֺ֮ϰŶҴ˵
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ǣһԲʮĺ£ǰ϶һǮͭԪһӡīаƤˮӱϡЦú֣ʦĸѾ˰ˡڴîửԼֵĻ֣ʶֶİӡһһëĽҪ˭îڳʦۣӵҲܰҳ
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ʱǶظҳԷǴҹôѪһ˷ܵе㷢һͷڳԺͷͿʼ˭Ҳ᲻ɢȥԲӾЦȺͷȥŴϿĹٻʹһҳ˭ķĴʦǣ壡
һźĹ⾰Ϳӱ洩ׯһȺֻżĺӣ˶׳ǳϵŵͬǺӣһŨüۡƽ˸߳ͷǶֻ֣ǰȻ߶ڳԺԷƼˣеСӾ۵һˤ룬æĳǹߣ̩ϱţǹΪ˴ʦ֣ѹһͷˣ㣬ǵ´ʦ֣Ʋ磡
ϴ˭֪ܵܶһڳʻСձһ͢ð˳͢ĹڻҪ췴㻹㣡
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׳ߴĺӾǿеĸ̩ûЩŵǹӿֻ̧ͷһ۹ϻλƵĸʬüͷµĴʦ˭۲ܶ˶ٻ飬ծôţҲ̫۸ˡôСׯǵֻᣬȭҲΪ˱ұ磬ֳ¸˭һƽ̤ʵǸ֣
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ԬĿŸ̩ȭػ
¶ʬ̸̸·ˣһͼѪҪСׯô
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ÿŸֵ̩ܼһ
̩һǣңôϻҪ̸̸̸Ҳв̸˵
ԬһЦ֣Ǽһλ֣Ǿͽȥ̸̸Σ


ʮ ̸У꣩
һҲƵĴͷֱܶȥʯ·ϣǡҲƵֱָſڣվſھĶһױӪٱ˭ϵϵ˾Ǵ˧ʲױӪӪٳµ¡
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һĻֱլôỹҪǵšǶӹٵɫʱͱùŹ֡µһۣǶӹֱ¡µҲͲǵھǻ͵С֣һôãżСӽ̳ǣȻһʱɴģǾҰսĥ룬еķټױӪͷԹྯĳµ£е죬һĹǲָӵҲ
µ²ժ¾ñڸ첲£ͳլȥǶӹٲʱֻǵһ䣺ҹ˵˵˧⼸죬լͷ׳ʲôˣ
һСӣլͷʩã¶ҪģǲŲءһӸСʲôӡģ潿֪úܣ鷳ôи׼ȻҲǰ͵͵һ
Ƕӹͷȥڳµµլһ·ϣµĽ˵˳µžñһ飬ô诵ֱǴӸں壬Ҳûʲô˵ġ˧ڰæУðƽԺ𣬴˧ȻܣҲ湻ģ
һͷǣСӣҲ˴˧СӰɣţСӪʵˣ

µ´ȶһʱԺſڵŷͨ˴˧ֱլϢԺУĻ̥˶һ󼦷ɹ
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լ飬˧Ǵ֣¾Ȼ´۳Ͷٵģֱլ²鷳ģ
žʩ챾ЩĵģܵסԼѾôһǵģСѾͷԼͬľֱ诵ķˡ
С㣬ô죿ү鷳˵˵ȥƨɵùŵС˵ǳȸãʱ̲ססСƨƨһüģ
ǳģС㣬Ҳʩӣʲô飬ү죡ӲͷƤúͯվĶž顣һŭ䲻ӳʩݺݵһۣʩֻЦ
ȴСѾͷźױ˵ʵڵģ诰¶еˡĵ۵ΪҹһΣαǳ죬һ߸ް˸ģġ
ʩͶžĻͷһЦҵĽãôҲǴ󷿣ʲôҲǰ氡ǷģֲˡҪܲôģҾͻǿԼҪһһĳŮˣҿɲɣǾͲˡ
Ůе͵͵ԹɫȴܼᶨһԴ̣Ѿռĵȫôһתˣȴ˶ԴŮӣеС٣ҲҸΪѾҧȫĽ˶žʩáⲻһͷģ֪֪˿ܣϾǻͥģԼôɫ
ǺһģǳӣҲĶʲô˵Ƿֲת룬ǻϻ˵ġҪһʲôֺС㻹ء¶δãһжһԼˡһŵֱֽլȴĳһѵĻΪǸȲլǵĲǣˣԼأҲǸƻŮϲˣ
ͷޣɿڹͷĽڶžʩǰЦ绨ž·еܵ读µͷһ仰˵ʩȴС㣬Ҫүˣϴ˲ǰʱүŴž͸˼ҵ·ˡ
ž԰ˣʩ滰ʱͱͨ죡ҪԼֲֵ֪õ˵
㲻ǻôߣôǣһ㶼ÿžݺݵĳʩ첲ʩȴԾѾһӵ˶˼Ƥˡ
ŮڳʱѾѾɢҵĽŲһҴҵģеѾͳɤӺˣС㣬С㣬үլˣСӭһ°ɣүǻģһƾϻģĻͷӭһ°ɣ
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ſڴѥžһƣһͦεӰ˽һȻǻһû课ĽĿӭȥžͷСѾͷŵ̲סĶ£ӢʶĵԼСǰ档ʩȴѽһüĿⶼת˹Ͻסʹ۾ת
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治ˣ˵һҪԼȥ㿴ųӣǶ֪ˣΪһȢһͷĸϻء
۾һˮе㿪һĿ⣺ΪǸҲôû˵Ҿָ㶪ˣô죿ϴþҴȥʲôޣ
ҲŮˡһ̾¶ҲвǣйŮģᡣ¶˵һˣҲȻҾȥλ񰲶ˡҺûʲôġ
仰˵һе飬ʲôûʲô˵ʵڵģڲ֪Ǹ¶ýĸߡһоͶˣǲ֪ĸ䣬һһͺѶҡˣοе⡣
ѵԼ᲻һƶɫ᣿
ȥˣＱҴҵĸϻլǣһЩҲڴһЩһЦҪǻؽȥλﻹܲ죿
ԴЦ֪һȥҲæȻҪᡣһ˹򣬿ܲһԸҹʲôġ
һЦᣬǶȴֻһ˲ԼƺˡͻȻվŶžʩǰһ§סһʵһļ⣬ļ档
ԡԲҡҴˡ
һǱ诵ľٶһСԸǸʱŮӣڶʮһͣƯ̶ȵŮӣԳ诼ʮ࣡ŶžʩСѾͷᣬǺ˵Ǹˣ
һϺƣһ̣ƺָᣬ̲סҲ§סϸϸСĶˣΪʮ궼òϴأ
㡭ôæٸңϻǡ诸Ӻߺһ˵꣬һֱԵõҪըˡ̰̣ôŮڵ̵öˣǲǾ͸˵Ҳãʮ޶ʮҲãֻҪ课͹ˣ
ȴ治᲻صҧһڣһǳԴף춼㣬ȴǸһһ磡ſһһ˫ɫĿһŻڶѾǲˣȻǺܸ˵ĽҵһСžʩӦҵģǵãǲܿһŮˣһֻ۱һֻۣǾͲˣô㻨ģҲ֪Һû꣡Ҿͺ㡭ˣ飡
һЦĸϻ֪֮ŮŶǳԵӴסǲĶǸе㶯ģʱҪӲġſ诣ԣȥˣ̫Ҫæ
ЦŵŰſæȥɣ
֮£һƨˣʩͶžߣžеĽͷתȥʩȴ۾ˮͰ͵ĿһʶĻԼСƨƨһ߾͵͵ĵ޷죬Ǿ͸ҲǺдɡϴɾ˵żҷź򣡡
žʱһڴһ⻰˵һɢøɸɾʩ͵͵ĻһüЦĴһ˵˾ʲôһֱŵӢİСѾͷԶ췢ģǿһʱ¶Ц
ЦҲǵ飬̯ôӣһԲƨͱָˡ
һ߳ȥžֳһѾͲȸԾʩ˵ʲôҲܺСʩҧгݵĵ˵ʩתͷһȻǶױ۽ǵЦ⣬ȴǲҲزס
ͺ
һ߳⣬ҲһȹءߣӳˣӾͲլ¶˵áĿԼļ棬ŷ֣΢΢еˮ
诸ղţˣ

ȫ֪Դ⼸죬Ϳ˼ĸݡ
ȥʮѹĵףԼеĸ飬һ˲ȫӿ˳
Լδ뵽ġ
ԺŮӣĩǵĩУһٱӢ۳֮۲죬⣬ģϵ֮£˶Ѫ׷һһ·ƴɱ澳ȻȻӰľǷĿɿɣԼ֪£һ˿Ѳϡ
Լģߵ
Щ죬飬ױĵĲ֪ԼЩʲôʱֽͿĨһȴַɿ˺յ
ֶСѾͷڱţСһҡͷ̾С
ȴ֪дĿɲǡȼӣƺϲı׼մʾ䣬ʼֻĸ֡
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ҡͷЦһֻᱻڴҵˣĿᶨΪ˰۲أҲϧģһȻҪƷĽײ㣡
ΰ֮һǰŮǱ΢ĸ飿󹬣ֻΪΪһǰֶΡԸһҲˡ
һʼϣһˣڣһܴĸ飬ͷβֻһζѡ
ҲԼˣĳĩǰѪϵʷ˱ҵĶȥˣֵô๫Ůҵˡǰص硭ţҳϣǶ㡣
ȥȥɱǣԼļôϵָܵô죿
ûԼ˺Ҳֻв룬ֻʣһͷ
һ֪֮ⳡ칬᲻ҵˣֻ˵ʲô
һ죬Լ棬űӣ֪һʲô顪һҲûȥʱСԺͷ춯ȻͷĶʱ©һġ
֨ѽһ򿪣е͵͵ĶԻıشʹɤŶ󣬼סһ˵ӵͣ⼸ҹ֪Ѿƹˣ
վȴûԺͷֶС˫̥еĽŲžͿСѾͷ粢ĳӡ
ָ棬εСѾһȫȻ𾪵ı飬ָͷѽѽǸô˵ˡֶǿޣôһʶС㡭ԡ˧ġͷţ
ת˲ɫͲ԰׵ý͸ȴסԼ֣ױֶȥ˧Ů˧ԺеȺ򣬲ϴѼӣ˧ˡ
ֶĻͷ˳ȥ֪ôͻȻ˵Լվߵױ̨ǰһ֧üʣȴôҲȥ
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СԺͷʮʲһϾ˽ȥԺ֨ѽһһֹϡ
վǰͷģͳµµһ࣬ȴɫࡣ
Ժ֨ѽһͻȻ򿪣һ̽Դü۵Ŀţû⣬ֻԼϱǸף
ɫֱ˺ڵģվǶҧһ仰˵Ժٶȹϡµø첲һСӣͬϲͬϲ
ͬϲҶү
СӶ죬һһûԺţƺͽֵĽǹ硣
ԺӺСȴʰüɾһһľһһʯܿ˵ĻġССһԺԳءֻСڹˮɵӱ̽ͷĿһվԺ滹·һڵ
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ˣ񣬻еƵ˼ڿŮǲǰʾѾ˵ĸˣ课Բһ仰ͷͲô˼Ҫ诶ƽսԼѹԴʤ
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еŪٳˣ诲ôһ֣Ҳᷢʵе˿̶˼˵ʵɣҲǶûоһܷɣҲָо
ԽԽ죬һһǶ˵Ще˲뵽е뵽ˣһҲ˵һţȫ㵹
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诳ԴףݣдСƢǮ춯زҾ御Ҳ棬ŶҲܲ˼ĸܡҪߣڿԤĽ͵͵ûûֵģһأֹȥ
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˶ֱ֮˻ȥһ˴ſӣ۾
Ͻ㣬ҵأҵ˭ҵ˭ˣǽ


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سͷĴ󻧾רӪе󻧡ģ˭ǿպҪӿ߸ߺټ˳ȺţȺһ·ϻɽҰ룬¶ޣżʮ׳ӱ֤Щڶܻ˭ܳԿ࣬ôڻȽɫиʣͽţС
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ǮǿĴ󻧣ɽҰǰҲֻ÷سͷ̴ʦֿԺ󣬰ڵÿ̳ݵ˸Ľָ˾ҪŲŲطҲֻñһ󣬰գܿ׶ͷȥˡĻ϶ҧЩ񣬶аŶֶȷˮֵ÷ĵģǽҲûԵĵ
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ԴӺβ뿪ȥһڿȥھͷݺݵĶһӡƤͷҲеûȤ
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󻧵Ժͷֵʱ
һ˲ϵټȺϯＸŴġûʲôóԵģûسͷĴʦࡣλʦһʼе֣мһʼիأڣҲ˦ӴˡԳիյĴʦ㣬Ҳ˳ĵ˼
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ԬϯĽͷ͸̩˺ܽƣʦֱҲѧǡԬͱһ£٨֪Լǿƣо򡣸ɴһģƵɣ¶ǡϰӳšүƵʱܺˬҪ롣үֺүľƻͽܴˣʦѾҡҡλΣеƷ˼ƼĺˬүĿͶüΣҲ֪ʾʲôһֱΧźͽǽľһת˺ȾƺȵٵǱȥ
Ԭֻ΢΢Ц
Ҳ֪˶ã̫ѾƫбȥүųԺһˡٳʱѾ߰׳ϱҲ˶װһĺ䡣ббһӡ
һ־ֵÿģûע⵽װֱ̨վɤӴһ߷
ԺһСһһģչǾӣɤӣٷĸӽУָë֡彭ɽǧȭټӺգѱ
ľһԽȥԺͷԽǼžҵŵϢôˣ߷ͷ˵ףһʮصı˳Ӫһǧ˳ɱ꣬ǧ˾Ǻ춥ӴԱˣ׻Ǯڳǹֳɵġٲǻ̳ͷӣʱжǮǹ˵ǳ͢ıʱЩŹصĽã˵򿪾ʹ򿪣ǮϡӿɶЩմֶĶɲ
ȻҲдʦǲģǸ۸ÿ࣬Ÿż̡ŵþǱǰЩӣ͢һһ֧ѹţ̰ŴһҲǹٱˣʱ˭ܵ˭صĳ𣬴˾Թе޴ԩĺޣžˣ˵ˣôЩʱյĴʦ֣ʲôŴ󻧣ҲÿͿŶŶǰӵָоɲ˭ǵģ˭һͷ־ˣ˭һ
˶ʼ㣬ԼֵܴճСӣжܱϣ˼һģȴͻȻ뵽үѴҾþƺôһˣôһʲô˼
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Ҿүתһü۵׳Сӣİǹȼ˵ģҩһգһ죬ɳӴԺ֦棬ɳɳ죡
һ֪ŵõλ棬ǲģҲһ£վǶ
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ֺһһҲ׷ǸͽǡһԲˣҲСֲòһء·Ҳǽתͷġ
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ԭĴ㣬Ƕس̳һˣЦүĳɹôԵ

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״ݳɽߴһƬƽľ޴أ޸п𵱳ִľ½ھԱռʮĶأһԺӵı䱸ѧã󣬸ʽĹ̻еҹʩӣѧԱСסŵ񼸺Ƭظ
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ȻջûǶ̷׿ģܴˣ绢ЩѾ춥ӴģĴˣصĴӵݿ͡
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һУ绢û˵ʱ򶼻Լһ´ȣѹʱСׯưԺͷ
ڸ˵ʱҲһô֪ԼԼɷһУǿƺİϰһһߴģз֮мأλϰЦһںӡȣͲǷˡ
һжڲٳ֡ǧͷ飬һǧѡ¾ĵǼᣬҷѵķţӪӣоԷӪӪ׼ȫϰĻšǳǣκ壬ҲټͷĶǸ̩ǰֵֻܣĸӪ٣ȫСׯֻġϰ廨˶˼ԴڿɱΪʲôŪסĸҲûһٵģ绢ʲԼ֪ġ
ѵͳƲۣЭͳһͳ˧ȥģ
绢ȥ£ϰ⡣Ҫϰ๫͵ðӡôǮôܣϰƤ̧һ£Ӧ࣬Ǯʹ
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سܵʱն̣׼ʮ죬ôҲҪȥԷˡԷӪѾ˾ٹ׼֧飬ʮѾϰѣŶó绢ӱľ٣˭Ҳߣ˴ӪǻôڣǶ̷ͬң˭˵ֶʱһ̧ȡֻ߹̸֮󣬾͵ó
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ڰ绢ʱͿҴ߽һģ꣬رԬϰˣϰ壡
һЦת˳ȥʲվſڣ绢úôšߵ棬ͿԬֵӰվͥԺУ磬Ϣ
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ﻺߵԬߣЦúá
Ԭҵ˿ޡ
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͵̾ϢһתߣҴʮ˹Ժָӣڰ˶ٺˣزǾӽ£žǴ䣬Ŵ˧ϣ
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ڸʦַ׷ꪣӪĶ١ƫƫһû·ĵ˲ͷԭµļƷƷ٣ڶû䡣ùִݻ٨ӣ˭һа
ۿسžǰˣ٨ӻûаӭӵ˼һԽԽߡ
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ӶһЦ˵ֻǹߡڵĻûȥֻгֱֱ
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ôһ״ͷ˶ɧҲͷꡣ׷ϡ٨ӣڸʲôã
ſڻвһأ׳󺺵Ŀ쿴ˡһƵ˷ǳ۷׷⵽һ󾰵ʱ򡣾ϴһ滩һչ󺰳ڣ¾һǧӵܣӭ߷ݣ
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ղųǹǰµ׳󺺼һģһ档Ч̳ӵ̳ǿöˣԶԶһǧˡӣɢôȲһǧ˸˵𺳴ÿ˶ĿѣۣǴ߳ǰû˵٨һϻסˡ
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ָָ棺˵ûȻˣ߲ۣŵˣûˣǴʢɵѵӵܡ
۾һִӻȡһСɵԶյǰϸƺôӡǹ鱨ģЩ˼ǵñΡүӰүӣͷ׾ֶ㵽һ˧뿴үʲô̶ȣŲ֣
УȻһ˿ڲزסı
ڳԬֻǰվߣһµı飬ʲôҲû

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УһƤںڵĸɱͷӣʮͣҲһһڵԱߣ䣬ȴסڶͷһԲӡ
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棬Ǹڵͷ̲סһۣãӹǡ˧ҲھӪͷš
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ĩԽԽ¶Ȼи̷ͬڿ֧ţǿ͢Ȼа̵ͼԱʿ˵ģǼٵġϱһһǣһﾹȻе¹ĵӡϢӰϷʣ˻ҲλǰܣҺ̸±ܹȻ˻ϵɲ»ǸҲдһš֮󣬵˻˼룬ӲͷƤˡ¶ǵһһʾͶģ
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ȴûϵµ¼ߣڻ治˱Ӵͨ죬ֻǴߴٽη㳯
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һģڽõľӪٳнƮֽԴԱĽսĺڵɱɽͷȥ۵ף
ڵ˻ֻЦʮ꾭ӪܵʱȰ۵Ļۣ־˸Ĵ꣬ȻȫһСЩͷӿĹɵǱһȣȻȥɵ飬ֵһᣡڴӢ۹ʹĽ͡ȴ֪Щʲô˲룬һ룬˵׳δתƣײ
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ͻȻ͵һİƣ˵Щʲôǲ˳ųߣǾӪеģĩƶˣСʯߣǸһȥ

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һ½ʿٽ̵ѧУѧö칫ͷ䣬һɵʯˮζµȵһͶĶǴܶ
û취ô࣬Ƹӣͷ鱨꣬ߣ˭Ҳֻһ˵šȴ϶е飬ȥ
ſվżˣȵľݺͳ½ƽ滹ʮ꣬ŻӵѧƷƵģϼ궼Ӣʱѥĵɽ죬ͷø߸ߵġ
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½ƽҲǴæˣƽҲǲЦˣȻݺһ㣬ҲȶӷʱȴǲͬȻһ񣬿ȴСѧϿǴ顣
СѧǵµˣһŸӣڲżءһ֮󣬾ȥӵҾ죬˵͢ԵҲ൱٣ͷһѣҲˣǱﻹ˾飬һֱûһɵռͬŽ˼˶˹úð٣ĶӣʱͲų½ƽҪͶѧ٣ٸɺһӾͳ˽ʿٽ̵ѧУѧ
һСӣȴһ壬ָݺͳ½ƽԺҪӽǣҲҪȥǡʲô飬Լ档ѧУ죬ҪһͬʡƽһͳƣյѧУͷʲô
һĬȻͷ½ƽȴҪ˵ʲôȴһݺһָҿתҳȥ
½ƽ죬һ仰û˵žĴתֱͦͦĳȥˡ
һֿŵ˺ƺ˺Сѧ䵭ĵҵ˼ô
˶һۣ˺ƺϴ󣬴ش𣺡ش˧ףҪչֵҪԼˤɲģҲҪչˣ
һͷе־λ˳ĻƽɽϣǣѧУҪΪСһ羴Ĵ֮һôˡҶѧҪʮ֣Ҫʮ֣Ʋ˵ˣСҲҪżѧƣҪֵڶ治ǰ֮УҹؼȥʱƤֵܼһӣ
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棬ͻȻһѹֵ˼ĺΪʲôҪհ¾ޣ

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ȵô࣬ھܶʮһЩӪͷѾ롣ǰֻһ߿ľ飬ԼֲٰЩʵ񣬲ŷʲôγﻮܻиָ״
ǩѺͷĶǴƹӵľ١̷ͬŸָĹģǵĻ㱨Ըָ䡣æòɿʱ
ԭǵѾ˵øɸɾݵʱţֻԽͦҲףĩҲͿһ֧Ŷѣ
һѳ֣Ȼͥǰ硣Щ٣һиʱδû뷨ڷ۹ȥͣ˭
ϴαһǾŰʮˣЩӣôһٵ˰˰پʮţʮ֮ࣿպûȥ׻ر
ѾȥӣտɵҲ֪Ǵ£ʱգ˵Ǻˣʱһȥ飬һҶҪӵģ˰ԼŶ˵
ǲսӪôĻҪôƤҲɣָסΪȣֻҪһǣھ٣̫֪࣬Ȼнǵ³̡Ҳ׷ʣٱ
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̷ͬ˼ģ춯ûͣ͵Ľëڰһģվ߳ȥӪصأǵʲôϷҪ֣ϱȥ
ſھֻΧһŲ·̷ͬŭϽǧرˣҲ֪ӪſôôһŵĲٽģ¹ٵôڴͥǰʧǣ
һ⼸̷֣ͬͷһǸñӸϽĲ٣ʵʲô飿
ǲٶͷССǷ֮ˡ˵Ҫ̷˵ԭ̷˷һм񣬵˵¡ͷˣû뵽ĸλˣ̷С
̷ͬĬһ£󲽾̨ףأǳʲô飿
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̷ͬһæӭȥӽϽʵǣסһЩйͶڡ׳ʲô飿
ЩҾ˯ڲţ㲼ߣƿؾ档賿Žӵرʮү켸в죬ټϼʮλ󳼣׼ʥú԰ʥһֳǴЦôүͷô죬ʹǾǼˣǿʱĸǿ֧ŵĴ־Ͳʰˣ
̷ͬǰһڣӻһ¡̲סͶ񷢻𣺡ͳôܵ飡
Ҳصÿ죺ҴȥץЩүȥҪȵú԰һסǣүǶ̣˻Ҫʱ䡭ʰˣ
̷ͬһҡͷͷɨЩŶľһۣҸϽ׷׻رܣɢ
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ΨһľǣƣһϻΪʲô¾£ȶһϷ֮ȨѵΪȥ̷ͬǾܳã
ĳ࣬͢ôȣôȣ
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򣺡ǣͳԼͳɡģҲôࡣȥ


ʮ 𣨶
뱱ԷӪԶĵطһׯԺԭҲһׯ峯ĻׯƶȣڼεѾ߽ˡׯͷռˣǲׯĹʵ۾ȻҲûӡЩׯͷǺ룬ĸүļūôӼġӪȥҲһֶɴЩռʼҲҵļūľٶűˡ
ʮȥ˭˵ׯӵ˭ġЩСׯȴеġԭʮׯ˲ӣ֪ǨǰЩҹгӹ֪˶ٶ
ƽʱжδûʱׯͷаʮ׳ڵԶԶģһӡԶٵ棬ǱͣǾĶţһܵĽϢȥҪĸû۳ߣԶԶľͷˡ˵Ҳ˭ԸûʮͲԾ׳ڹϣȲ˵ҳʲôˣ˭˼ׯԿǵë𡣾ľͷԣùܵлݹ԰׷ģı߶ı߶ȥƽǸ
ׯӣ̳ڵĴӪүʱľһҹ֪жֱƽԭӹصϢϵĴһ꣬ҲѧһЩһͳﲼôֵı¡ҲΪˣһԵǸʱʷڸ֯һЩ֮һҲΣ
زƽʮˣЩӣðڱǣԷӪﲻ͵ıߡҲǻţʹӱͷҴҸ˹ׯͷеׯӲԶһ·ϾͿʼڰʣʲôˣ
ϳ壬ӣҲ뿪ƽ߰벽үӳţԼݳ򡣸һһλֻԶһ·ϹȥûУҲκԿĵһ㡣
ÿκʹǵͳĻشһ䣺ʥĸͷ¯㣬ȥ䱸ˣ䱸˾Ͳ£ֻһѶϢĿֱׯͷȥ
ϺõĿ⽡ʽ˿ꤡټ彫ƥ۵ʹָܵ÷ɿ졣ׯͷ˵õڴݹѶϢӭʱҲׯſڣ
Сׯ⼸ͷѾһľͷΧǽĴн¥˿ܿǹǹżһ⡣ӭҲȫǽ׳ӣźڲްøɾ䡣ȻҲϵŴݵİͼǾľֹа¸̳ɢϢҪһƵЦЩ˶ֵĴʢӵܣ뿪ôЩʱˣû˾˱ɫ
־ƥ߸ľҲվסÿƥͨ󺹣ëƬʪķ治֪һ·ôҲƵĲŸϹģүôͣҲֵܵ࣡
ӿſڴ̨ҪȥүȴˣүɫĴӳͷų⣬Ͽƣ̬ͷǾ䡣°ҲͷҪ˷Լ³ɨΧһۣأ
һ¹Ӧ߲Ÿϻȥ죬Ӫ·ʮ죬˵Ӧأͷû˯١ү֮ٴҴҸׯ·Ͽˣֻ»˯ء
ƽɨһۣûҪ£·Ͽ˯žһ֣ҹȥ
ƽסǸֵ̬Ȱ˼ЪЪĻҶ˵ĬľͲµһСԺ߹ȥ
ͷҲǴźڲްĴʢӵܡճĵط˩żʮƥӿԺͷͲձŵĻջͲµ״ķģ²ǹʽӵӣׯӵܣеͲձ¶һǣͷľĶĶ¶ˡ˵Ǵʢǵֱͨɻж·Ķ
үӼһ͵ׯͷСԺŶ룬ֱ᷿ƿţѵþڿϺ˯Ŷλߵ··棬ȴ̵İͼˣȴһ÷ĳǻԵʹġҲ֪ǴĸǶġ
үŭһţվſؿһߣͷˣΪλԲ𣿡
үʱɤŶôڱߺ۾ŷ𣺡үӣʲôˣһˣ۵òǳ
ʱүȴЦݣָ÷Ц֮УҲǺãҲ˸֪
ڿһֵۣĵɶ֪߱һӵģòզأǵһð⣬ڡ˵٨дõǲسǽӷ磬һ·Ӫع򣬵ϾǳԺȣȥˣϻǳ̯һšﴫʮ꣬ҲЩӹ̹һ
ƽɫã
ЦүӣòҲ˸ţתǽڿ죡޲˼éȥһۡ͵õϢˣ껹ǵãһǧ׳Сӡһи̩٨Ӹ֣룬øŷɣʲôĴĺҲ߽ܳ˳٨Ӻ̩ظˣ˵ĶԲǱ⣬ǿ˭ﶼֻҪֵһ仰ˮüͷСģ
ƽţͻȻԵǻһĸô
ҡҡͷûţ˵һˣ˵ϻûζɴغϼҴȥˡүӣ̧ˣ˸һ˯̹
ƽЦźһֱûվ˳⡣ŵ⣬µ˱Ķҿˣ˵겻ƶȣвӣнӰӡ
ƽֹס˵䵭ĵֺʲôϵһ٣Ҳû赲µĵڵǰѱءʲôֶΣҪҺƽԴ԰֮ģֻҪԸóʲôģҲ£
壬һЦ̵Ŀ
建ҡͷүӣҵ˼һġ
˵䣬ͷѾ·߳ЦүӣôĽٹʲô飿
ƽתҡҡͷͷǰﻮʱͷͷǵµʱͰһã˵ãҵӵܳɾһ󣬿Ժڷҵⷢһ̷ͬƽֱʡǳסȶ
ڵɴ۾һĴȣҾ˵ǿסǸ󼸰ȥʹ¸ʲôԼҼʮӵָָܲǰñӸëô죿
ƽ̷ͬרȥԸǰˣȻЩñãڻٲҡߣ̳Զ˰գҲ̵̫ˡǲɱëӣյã̷ͬһרӦһÿԳ£
ڻһĶ鵭ĺƽתۼ䣬ںͱôˣ죬ȵүӷôһ仰ģû˵˵ʲôҾ͸ʲôɼʮӵܣŵĲôһ죡¾˸䣬Թ찴಻סˣ´ֱͨһ¯㣬ĸ
ֻǹվںƽⷬԻ۽Ҳ̲ס΢΢һ
ƽ⼸Իֱؽһ񱩵ȷѪ꣡
ͻɡеһУԼͺүӵĳˣⳡ統Уһ𡭡ѳ˰ɡ

ʱڱ͢ʽĺֵͷ͢ʽˡүʹ׼һȥú԰ߵ£ϢҲ컹û͵һµӴˡ
˵ͷȻģʢ˲ЩһȥûôЩүͷ
ͺƹ̶ģҲǵͷյ¾ԵãȻһԹĵ̷Ĳ衣
Щүĸʡ͵ĵƣЩҶǲȨӣƫƫߡԸⰲڼҳǮģɲֵĸࡣ
˵ЦЩүͷΪǾԭһЩʮ괫ҵļԽԽöҲԽԽҪӣЩ·ǮʲôӣԴӹ֮󣬴үҲƵġ񸮣ţ̣мȱݣԭٶԱǵĳǿƵģҪʹְɡһжһˣҲ䣬ǸҲ䣬̷ͬһġ˭Ӳ˼˵ˣ棬۲͵þżҵȥ統Ԣҵ׸ɸɾӵʱҲߣʱ취ıλã̵㽫ӵǮհ¾޵Ĵ۵Сһȷ磿
̷ͬǴȨԭٺǲȱһġҪλãһѵģеǮȥŪǸʲô¾ȥһöͷ̸ܵģ̷ͬܵϸԼѴ§λ§Ǯհ¾޵ģ·ˣǾ͸õù
ǿ벻̣ϸˣ
߼Щүа죬ùȨλĴǵĶ־ǰ컥ݿͣͲѪΪˡһһ𣬵ú԰ŶȥϷүͻҪǸ̷ͬҪǣ
үݸ߹󣬶ҲȻҲӱСڡ±˲֪ҪΪ峯ƵġϢ̷ͬĸҲȻľʹ͢ʽ
͢ʽʱӾ˵һӴ֮󣬷ƽһЩ
ҲҪ죬ҲҪ졣ʮµģʲô˲Щүݸ߹̷ͬôǲɣ糱ˣһһҲν˵һٽ̷ͬƷأֻҪû̷ͬһµǵҲȺסʱ򲻹ܺүֵյЩ¾òãýͷʲôŲסģ
˵ʵڵģ쿴̷ͬƺպգȨȻϺĴⶼϣҲ᲻ġҲǸӵˣ˵ӭ˻ϵ⣡
ԽԽ򶨣ɴüݲ裬鷿СƷ迴飬Ц£Щȥ
ǵа뵽ΪΪʹҴҵĵֵڰݸˡЩӿΪʹ纫ƽ͸¶۵ŵı㣬һºүĶ򡣾дµĶҲ͢ʽ߬ء
Ϊ͢ʽԸ˿˸ǸԵøһЩơͷڰЦϺ¶ţô棡ôס̷ֲһŰߵԶԶģ
鷿ͷŲΪѾҴҵ˽ЩӣɫҲԽһԹü֮䡣ôݸɿݵϻź飬һžͶ͢ʽϣŻйȰЩүڸϽİ֣ͷøֲģͷ֣ǵҪȻ̷Ȼж
Ϊֱ㶵һ仰͢ʽ¶ʱ죬߶㿵Ϻʲôǰ˵أ»Ҫͷˣ
ϻЦģżöŵĿΪһЦϺʲôЩүͷףǾˣλֺǲԶ˵ˣ¶̨ǰôҲáϷүͻҲתתٳŸǾ͵ȷˣ
ᶯֵİΪͷֱš
͢ʽЦһǻǴģ̷Ҷ֣ҶЩүЩ죬Щ󳼣Ϻʱ˵ҪиףܴԾˣ
ΪɫأȴƽһЩҡͷϣǰĸ˰Ҫľǹ³ӣ˽һж֮ˣһ˲ںԴĵزʲôֻǱƸھͷӲģľһôһת֣˱бҪǶӲģ԰ͷϷүͻϣҲֻ˱ᣬˣ
ϣһȰЩ裬һЩǰһ㣡ҪģĻʵǲ绨סүֵЩʵȻЩ裬ϣļƻ߷ֳɹĿܣ
žһ͢ʽİָſΪϺЩʲô̵ģҲ˵˼ˣ˵ġͿͣ
ΪȴһЦɫлȥĿ̬СǾӣ޶ɷ򡭡Ǿǲһ̷ý賿ҶԺүϣϣͷۿţϵʱ֪ҿΪǺε
˵ȻĿЦЦֱЦᶼ˳ϹļˣĿ鷿淢ĿΪվֱ͢ʽ
ΪЦȻֹתҡҡڰڵ˳ȥ͢ʽֻ˵ķ̧־ͽϲƵأʣȥ˹Ҳ


ʮ 
ľųǵųŴ󿪣ŵűĿɿڴĿŴӴӴźſʿжӶ롣ÿ˶ںڷǹ·Ͽ˳ҵСϿĴ廰
ĩǰ϶ˣ˵ӽ£˼رˣ´Щ۶Ƕ̷ͬŴӱְȻǣ
̷ͬûӣߴӵ¾ľ١Щٶɫֻǽ̷ͬҲߣɫҵøҲơ
ǣҪԴ鰡̷ͬ컹дҪµϢҲû飬͵оĸӪͷһǧ߰ˣȫװǣһ΢΢ɣͱ̷ͬݺһپҴ˭飬£
ĶǱ潫ת磬ϹհǡķӪֻϳٲϳ͢ˡһȥǵ˾Ѿ̷ͬһ𡣻̷ͬǿƣάǵ档̷ͬȥˣŵҲûֱ̫ͨѹùǵıôһշУǸŶǿƣҲûиĺô
ȴͷתתȥѵҪ췴ҪӦǰݵһ
̷ͬϣȴɫԼԸȥʱѾ͵Լˡ޴£ʲô˼ɵ˰㣬Ҫ췴ģ֪Լʲô飬ھŬǰУͼڼȵ಻ҪԼһŬڽΣνˡ
һ£Ҳܡ
Ϣľͷ˲ԡԲЩүЩʧƴЩ˱ǴǿѹסĹϵǵˣһ糱άϵסƽҪѡȫھʱж¾Щ̵ӵܣ̵УѾۿεķçأһ̾Ҫԭ֮ƣ
һѹס̣ˡ˸ӣ̣̣Լ֪жôı֣
ȴĩҲñУһңԼ̨Ҳû¾̱𣡾ΪԼһʲô
ЩûҪ˽ͣҲָԼºԼͬ·ˡ³ӣûк³ЦŵȴԼˡ
¡¡ǣǰò̫硣˸һ·˻ǺܶࡣĿɿڴĿǰһСһ˼һεĴӽͷת׼ǰ󣬲Լ۾ϸһʱͶеӡĳܣͬʱһɤŶ췴
˺˾ǳͰ糿ԶԶĴ˳ȥøƿŴĿȥ
̷ͬϵһЦӪÿһֿڣһֹɿ£зͽҴҥ׼͵£ʲôݣץˣԷӪͣ
ǶȥӪͷ
̷ͬתͷ񣺡ǣҵһ˸㣬ȥͳšھǲͳܰˣ˳츮ơͳŵӪͳ֮ǰʼӪơ峯ھǵΨһӪӪ׷ױӪȡȫɥʧЧֵֻʱ򣬻峯ΨһɵóӪȽһЩ˹˳츮࣬ȫǲһһٵʮǮӾͷ֧˵ּ¾άֱΰΣǲң
ӦһǣֿЦǵˣ
̷ͬ촽漷֣ҲңҲ̨
һ֣Ǿ㽫һϷɣȥĶ飿
̷ͬһЦ򣺡¡šӪǶȥ´ӪȻȥסЩ󳼣ӣѾǰͷʱ԰ͷҲյˡǣ˵ҲҪһˣ
ЦЦһѧģ̷ֻͬпЦЦŹ֣ͷȥ̷ͬȴȥְ֣û뵽һҲ˰ɣ˵һжǰ׷ҵⱱذգҪˣ

ú԰á
һʼӵܣú硣ȻҲ⣬ɫڣѾ鷿ڣһĹۡ
ȥÿݶ̷ͬҴ඼Ѿ鲻׷еϳһҪٵҪñЩ˲Ѿλ£ҪѾľ̸ȥʱǲš
ԽԽǷƣƫƫ޴˵ȥҲûһ½Щȫȥ£Щ־ٶѾ̫ˡǾֻ﷢һ͢ʽʱ·ԣһ̷ͬڵ״еʱ򻹲ԾţһڽǣǲѾԳΪޣԷţԼŽң
뵽Լôѩ˸ܵ˽ȥһլԼǸǰȫ벻ĵܵڳһĸʲͷӡ
ԼʵۣΪʲôҪڵʮٱ
ɫɰľһѾ֪˶á󣬲ŻվߵУ汱£飬ӡ͢ʽ֮߿ɳɣӶ˴壡ȻȻǣкϧ
ĬĬףʱȴ洫춯춯ԽԽ̫ǻ̼Ĳ֪ʲôüüëһŭе̫ʵҲƵϿ̱Ѷĸ֡ʱǻ޴ʱ򣬵¾ץͷྲĺݺݴһ١
ڴʱſڽŲ죬֪˾˴󵨣Ȼֱ鷿
ʢŭͷͿԼһƷܹ̫ѾŹڵϣͷ˵ӣϣҵĻѽ̷ۣͬ˴ǣ·ˡ԰ﵱģ̯ٳŶڴդ͸ۣɱǧȥ¡ץ󳼣ȻٰүһˡúľҪ԰ƹۣ
Ϣһ㣬ڹͷϣľŤͷһ˲ʲô벻Լǲǻţ
̫ѾԴһƬѪ죬˹ѼɤŶ޺ϣС챣ݣǼһҽ԰ͷСǾ͸ƴˣ
֪ãŷӦΡΡվﲻʣ̷̷ͬıˣǡǶĵϣ͢ʽأӶų鷿ȥ̫໹ͷɥҲ֪ôһžͽ̫߿̫һԴײ棬ҲһķŰε
ܲ˵ֱ߳ȥͿ棬ϻͥԺУ̫๬ŮǸƵȥˮǿ޾ǽУ˭Ҳ֪Լڸʲô̧һֻ֣Ҳ֪Ҫ˵ʲôǧﶼؿڣȴһgᣬ˳ջ¡
ʵۣʲôʧ£
һж̻̲գ·ݵʱһ̫ŻƺӸһ̷ܽͬӣ̷ͬӣϷүһݣһݣ򰲣̷ͬ췴
һ̨ףӭȥƺӡæĴ򿪣óչ֮ϣī죬ʼҲԵʲݣҲ̷ͬݲݶ͡
̿䷨گѰ䣬ҹʶ֮ʧҳʥʥд̫꣬ʥȻơͯţ޲赸ݷף崹档
Ӧǧδ֣֮޽֮¡ıڳ֮ߣֱܲУǲη޹£Ψơ
ֱçǰӵܣǲʧ֮ʧ֮ͽƻߵ֮¡󳼣Ĺ£ϴ˱֮΢Ȼһ糱ӿĸʦصأһķִ̿˱Юж̫ʥ֮£
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ֿ꣬ǳһȻӦղԼ̶˵ģʱͷ߷ߵĽ£ڶܲ٣Ȼеóּ֮£ɴ߱ޣʲôģ
Ĺˣ̫๬ŮǶεڰ׵ͷǶԸɱūţȴ־ԼʲôҲˣֻжţʲô·޻ȥ̫ϷүϷү֪ųʲôģ

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͢ʽҲûλүλ겻ʮүȴĲڵʵ۵ĵӡͬţӵΪͬμ̻ʵۣѪʱԼƴˡ˶˵ʵүܴװְ֣ϵġ
ǹСܲڣϵľҲһ˰˷ֵĸ
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үȻʵ۶̷ͬϵİѳ֣дȨˮ©УܷˣŴͷЭ󳼻ϳɣ̷֪ͬڷͷҲװƣȲүȴǴӲ֣һϵë
ͷͻȻӿҥԷүˡʧ󳼰дϢвչĵ࣬ϢͨҲ̣𣬾棬һνϴΪδΪ֮ף
һ磬ԼլͷţˮϹӡȴ׼׵ġ͵Щүṇ̀˼ҿ񫣬ϲ˯ϲ˵ӵʮҾ룬԰ˣðһ£ͷͷͷߥ޸ӰˡرǾǰˣӱ̷ֵͬǫ̀
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Ƕҡͷԣ͸ҽӽתƵʱ򣬾ԺͷһϷˣϷˣ
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ߵſڣſǵպյ̫үһͷҲֻдСԼһϼˡӱͷһԼŸӣĽŴ򿪡Žδ֮ʣĳԺһñӣٲҪ⡣
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ʲô׳־ʲôӵܵķǣһ̶׵˾⡣һӦȻԼǲҪˣ
ϾٿϴŴ򿪣ͺش˴С˽ᵳģ̷˷ּϣӣ·شˣϾԳµǹ߻Щ״شˣ
ļˣƼҪͦͦƺӲһ£ŷɿĺ׵Ļ˾䣺͹ţ⻰׼ү
˵žͷɿҲæŸӣͷһѾңֻ죺ǶϣǶܲ١ӣӡûǺӲۣ
һͷһĻڱǵĸլͷš˵ķӦҲһҲзӦңһǻӲġǾ͸ɴ¡ȴͷλޡ
ϣµĴ彭ɽһ̷ͬܲŪʲôģôǣ
̷ͬԴϴλ֮֮Ȼͬ𾪣


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ͻĶһ죬ԶԶδ
̷ͬӪǣϾǲŵǧӪ˳츮ŵ࣬ʱͿ˾ǸͨϾƼǹ¾źſľǲӪдűµ˳츮ȥ
ұ鶼ǴŵԻ󣬴ŵ˷ܣһֲ̤ʵĸоֲͬɫάͬʱҲ˳һֹЩ˽۵Ļ׾һ䡣
ǲҪ췴
¾˵޼漦޹湷̷ͬԽдȨһԽлĺġ˵ҶԵʱⲻҪϵһͷеһ￪̣ǲԼ
ŵЩӪҲ̫࣬Ƕɢ˰ˡӪ͵ֱֲͣӹµ˳츮ǿһ˵Ǳ;ǽлҲ̫ࡣһжٵʮǮֵġϷһáǮһһҲʮӣʮǮһöۺǮ˹
˳츮ǾǿһЩˣźŷάһҳ硣СϢҲǣһһͲӰǶǾмпڵġһ췴Ǵңչ˼Ҫ˭ܵʱ԰ͷĻϵʲô
ǰҲ̫ǣҶվſڣЩĵȥ´ҹûôƼοǴ죡֣ɱˡ̼ţҲûʲô˼⡣ϰ嵽ƣſơһ˾ֹʹۡ
˺ĺЩǰǲ඼ܽһˡﻰʣڸأû췴ɣ԰ӷûУиλһˣҴһԵǧǶףʱȻҲϣСӣǧλҪˣ
ԭͷβݾͷ̫үǡһûָ㽭ɽĺˡϣܲٵסڣ޲һʵأȫڼ﷢բˣˮ׶ſˡҼ㡣
ڱӣӵƽһأҪܰȥ˭ľųǣ˭Ѿͷģ
ϽǸЩɢ˼ĻʱɴôɢϽſ·һѣǹ̫˳ţľͷϽͷ
̷ͬ·û˿ȥ鷳ġΨһԭھͷѹŵӵܣʱڱϽ˺ͷϵϰͼС¯̳ˣųŻһλҪټҷģߣֲȥ¾˳ǣ»ˣëӵļȥ
Щӵܵ˺ܱ磬̷ͬʱǲñг̳һ춼ЩǻϽлӸݽ⵽ԷӪȥ
̷ͬûɧŵ˼еҲ׳ŵӳſɫһСϢʹԽĶˣʲôĶС
һıǾеһѣֻɫһŵľߣһԼŶ顣󣬲ǹǱǺҶڵĽ
԰ͷڸϢ˰ɣҪǳ̷ͬ췴Ҫû˵ģ´ҡҲ˵̷ͬһ췴ɹʧǰ϶Ҿȥɡ
Ҫ԰ͷϢ̷ͬǷگ¡ûΪ̷ͬگ˳ǵġôҹϲֵˡ廹ж֪һһƽȥ
űһ˵Źֵľ΢еʶĶ˶ڼȻ̾ûӵ۶éӣ˭ܹʺһ㱱ϣŰɣ滹ֳ֪ʲô

ͷûҸ嵨Ĵ־ʿ
͢ʽһλ̷ͬǵϢŽڵԼݾ籾ݵ鷿ӵСӵ㻺ֻǰһ󷢺ڣ
̷ͬʲôʱдֶˣ
ʲôȨıʲô΢Ļһ̶ɢ̷ͬȻжǰ˿öɲϣ
ãмᣬ͢ʽȻ䣺ϣĳܣȻվ̷ͬļ鳼ͬ·ôд˴治֮£
૵ﻹû˵꣬͸һͻȻ¶óڡҪȥ̷ģһУ͢ʽŪʲôҪȥ԰ͷʥݣϣ̤ӵʬ壡
ѾĿ̬ŵſڣ͢ʽһ󣬾Ҫ壬һƴסˣˡǼʯͷۣǻǵģͷʯͷ
͢ʽ۾ֱˣٲʲôȡ̧žͳļߣʹūţ֪ʲôʱ֣ʲô֣ҲҪǺһҾҪ̷ͬ
֮У͢ʽҲ֪ôô󣬽ߵҹҲ˲ϻʲôֱͦͦľͳͷ塣
լϣÿֿڣڰءڷµġдŹٷ˳УҲȰǻؼҡ̷ͬݴõ鱨ҲֻصմǣǷڼ͢ʽ»ܣĻ̷ͬҲûҪô۵ǰûרŷլӵ·
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ʺֵ꣬ܶҡ˵ģұʿӣһǻѪΪ˴ʱ
˶ĩԼͷǲͷЩλְСӲ
һڳ˵ͻЦп˵ͳ˼ôЩ˹裬Ҳá˵Щ˶ٵʱĿ־壬ѧһУϰߵһУѾʱĿ־塣
ʷĽŲǳضһʵǾʵѾѹࡣҪ龫ǣӪһ󳱳Ⲩ󳱣Ǳǧδ֣֮ȥϤһУõõӦֵһУٺʱˡǰеһУֻᱻԽŪԽԼһ߾κͼȵŬ˿ֻһЦ
Ϊ̲ʷҪʮĻңʮķѱʮԪ˥΢ڹȵסΪƣһϣ޿飬ͨѪսʮսͳһȫսһ𣬲֪жУ˵з˵ձҲзĻᣡֻ˰вŪһСѡ
ڳֻ͢ʽУֻǸеѪڣеʱһѾդڴ಼ͷŶԽſʿǶʱ֣һһĽЩͼӲĹٶ¡Ȼֺзִ磬ҲⲻŤ˸첲ɢ˱ӡ
ǾٻǶߺλˣοñµΪѣ̷άס򣬴һĵų͢گǡǶǳ͢ıѵ췴ɣ̺øλˣլڣһúͻؼңˣҴٵĻ˸λˣ
ЩĹٶһҲɶŪùЩʶȤһľס׼ؼҡʶȤľǱеӲɻﲻĸһʥ飬Ϊ£ҾТֻڽգǶܲƴˣ
˵ֻǿ֣ЩٶǱƴЦ͢ʽֻѪҪ嵽Ŷˣ뺰͢ʽڴˣҪþһˣ
һֻûͱһֻס죬ͳԱͷꡣ͢ʽȴǿߴֽžͱߡȽӣ˷ſ֣͢ʽŴڣ˲ɱĳôҪƧ֣ã
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͢ʽһβΪһڴŹ㶫ĹٻͷһȻǿΪһĹҵĴټݵӣôҲһƽͷϰա
͢ʽ侲һˣΪЦŷſ֣ûɱŷ⸮ϣ㵹ԼȥôûǵΪ㵹ȫɱסǺ£
͢ʽϾǴˣӦ죬һ¾ѹô˵̷ͬû԰ӱƹϻã
ΪЦڷӲѰТʱҾ±߿ˡ԰Ҳر·ûбƹϢҲֻƾͷԸˣôֻУûıλ
Ǵ治͢ʽͺһʱԿΪǵĽ׵⣬ſΪ͵ȻϰãϺ취ȥ԰ӣϷүͻּճ̷ֻͬҪˣô־ʿа壬̷ͬѱҲֻ־͸ھȱһ壬̷ͬ⽻ͨҲΪˣϺǲٴˣ
ΪЦһֲǵһڸѧһµͽ̷ڸ߶ĿȾҲǿǧ֧ǹھǣʵһɢɳ֮аΣѾͨˣģܴһôǻϺϷүʱҲֻϴˡţ͢ϸµگ飬ҲҪˡҪҲֻץʵ취ǣ
͢ʽ㳹侲ʱžԼжôĳﻮжôĲһֻǿɫĿΪתͷú԰򣬿ЦҡͷϣĳϺĳң֪Ĵʲô
Ϊ䵭һЦĻݡϣſˣֻǵʱ㲻ҪĨɷҿΪĹǣ

ú԰á
ֱͦͦĹڴǰȴҲӢڴԱߣҲһδӣȴҲһۡ
ճƵý͡ÿ̫๬ŮȻվԼλ棬ÿ˵Ӷ΢΢
⣬̫๬ŮǷ죬ʱĵ͵ȴƲסƵһƮȻЩʲôЩſǻ˾춼ⳡҡ
̷ͬ뾩ͨȻӣҲһһú԰жʱ䣬ú԰ͷԺûʲô
̫๬Ůܣг׼ϵġͼܵġҲŵ˿ӣ԰ӼſڶѵøСɽҲơضǶµĻ·һ롣ӢܣˣҪ׼ӣϷү԰ӣ뿪ǡ
΢Ժһ£Ѿľˣ
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ڴǰѾһӵ㡣ӱôʱ䣬ټǰЩʱǴϲ󱯵Ĵ̼Ѿǰ󷢺ڣϣ麹סĳ¹䡣
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ֻǴײϵĺøӼˡ
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ԼǰΪʲô̵ϣЩ
еĻӲͷƤ˵װְ֣֪ˡԺŶ飬ٲʲôС˵ͷںţװְ֣ʲôһ³̷䣿ǿǣٰճ̷ͬôܶô̷ͬ⻹Ǳƹ治ܷ԰ӣ߱
Цȥȥ̷ּͬԴҴҪұһᣡôѡ˸ҷϵʵּۣ׷Ƿگ£ߵڵ󳼣ּճ⡭ҵҪ͵
̧ͷ˵Ѿ齼󺰣ȥԺͷӢ˿£Ĳܽˣ
ӢŹһۣҪЦЦĵϣ밲߰ɣϷүëôּ⵽ʱūŸ͹ȥñģ̻ϻãЩңϣ˵ʲô飬ҰǵƤ
һɫǲ԰ףȴҡĿͷ߰˸̫̺򡣴ӵѿһĻʵۻ뿪
ҲıӰֻǳĬ
ӢϷү¾ôˣ
һЦ˵ɭȻʵȻо仰˵òܷ԰ӣ߱˭ҲҾһӲһûأ˭ܷ첻ɣ
̷ͬбۡ
бҲǸҪһһͽ԰ˡҲ飬ƵݶˡƵҲɰĲţ
ĵ˭Ҳû˵̷ͬ¾һµЩọ̈̄
ӢϽ𻰣Ϸү⻰û
һЦͩͷӣһЩӵܣ߶̶ΪšⲻǷϻôΪĹ٣ΪǮɣ滺͵ˣ⼸˽н԰ͷ̷ͬϧˡɱ֣ûһôĺڱΧߣܵסôڱ
ӢֻǴţƣİڰּ֣ⷢ˰ɣһ̷ġ£˭ҲŪãҹǰɡһҪˣȥȥиʲô´ʶбѣҾͲ˿̫ǸʲôһǶҪֻܴҪӾء

콥ĺȻӣõĻǾԭӡһͷֻվڷڵ¾ʿ߶
̷ͬʹڿţַڿϣһ
һᡣ
⽻ͨ復ǷòǺΪѡЩϰߵĻڱˡĶӲģûˡȻҲԵʻᣬΪһв˭ҲͷΪֱоȨɵеԭ
ĩֻʣıֻʣ³¸ֻʣȨĶǡһͿһУŸҷ裬˼ɡԼҲ㿴ˡ
ǣһ
ȻϣͼڼȵǺһһӾ·ֱƾʲôҾͷһӣʱҪǼʮңʷ߰ߣԿΪ֤άȨټԱδһ·
ǧδеĴ֣ĳ֣ԶԶĳΧôܻѾǰǿƣһٷսⵢľͲ֪Ƕ꣡
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ܱδʮѪȣδʱ䲽Ѫ׷ϣͲϧһӵǿȴǻҲԭ
ֱһĹȥֶһΡñµѪУ
Ϊߵһǣڱƹ
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ˣ֤·ʵʵ߾ˡˣѡ񣬲ŻǴ֡ǣѧҲĵãǲиʲộǻܻ죿
Ŀ̷ͬͻȻ˵ʲô̷ͬȴֹסķӣ˵ˡҺʹ֣иļ֣ǶԵģҲûαôֻۣҪһգҪصñƽһ浽һգҲõˣҶģˣʥ˵Ļ룬Ѫʷһʣθ
ĬãֻǵһЦҲգҲûʲô˵ġµýҵһߣ֣ûôҡ
˶ӣǹЦЦ̷ͬϷ
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ĶУ糱ǿʹڵĵ籨;ҲƴѼµ鱨ʱһϢΪҶöԼʱһǿάŵձȻҲ͵͵Լڱֽ溰ˡӣԼҶĻôձ۹ִһؿڣδ֪õ̷ָͬڱסƣȨȨζƴֿһҰĲźáʱϱսձͿϢ
ǿڻıֽȴΪأûձֻ̬ڷʱֽչźʱԼԼİ̾ձзϣ۹ԶҪΧ¶ţָֻ۹ѸٳһʰƵǿˡ¾޼ңҲָˣ
ףҵĿڶݵΪ䶯Ŀѣ֮󣬻ԾԾתϷһֻô

Ƕ֮ڣ̷ͬƹϢſҲƵġ֮ˣһԼĸֵطͷ֮ʿиضɵĴ
ǰգһҲ￴֡ϰյֺۣ;˲ͬǸԸ̸һ̷ֵܹͬϵټһִ塣һͷڵϣһһƽ£ʲôǣʱҲ֪˧̷ͬһֶǷܵ£ʱ֪Ǿһ±Ԫ˧أǴһﵣϴ´Ƴ
ױӪֵԱ棬ϰ廹Ĵչܣ̷˵Ǻʹ˧ѪȵǵİɣҪүܼ˧˵仰ǵ˼Ķˡ˽ģԱģһϾҲֵӽˣǵİ
У˶һĶա˭ܼһ棬̲λȨ㶫ϵ˧˵ʵڻɫҲǺõİЩ˻ҪɫֻĴûͷӬҲơһͲôЩֲǸʷԣɴּۻۡҪ㶽ڲʱҲ
ƽʹЩӣʱЩôѰͷٷ죬ܼ˼ҡЩڵطҲͷ϶и̨ȴŵĴҲֻôʱ۰Ͱ͵ڶſڸСͷһЩ³ɫҴҶɫҴҶȥ㽻鶼ϡ
Ψһ֪ģǶſ˵Ļ
˧⼸첻ڶ칫ӲʣլλǼŴ˧ģ˧Ҳλˡɣ
һʱԼլƭ˭أ
һ⼸컹ĺٵǩѺͷʱ䣬Լլż塪Դ֪һѧΧ֮󣬾ͱ׿СһΧ壬һУǲжģǽɱ⡱课ŸӣٰкӶ⡣ҧʮ̰֮󣬾ͷ߷ߵĺһٿһֹ屨𡣶žʩʱԱ߾ηĿšһһ俴Ҳڹ뷿ͷ壬׿Уһ𣬶ûˣһֱ쵽̽䡪Ĺ
ݺݺ࣬
磬ءʱԤһչУȴûж˷ܡ
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عģνµͳϵǶϸˡòԼȥãµĹϵͻԼĥǢλ
ĩңͽϽȻͬһ·ȻԺĵ·Ϊѣȡĵ·ʮȴҪǵ⡣
Ȼᾡ⶯ʱ䣬ѪĽйȾͨ졪Ȼ¶ĲԥܺݣһҲûУδ̫һЩ˰ɣǰһϲСˡΪһ֪۾һԼƷ˫С򶼸ˡ
ȻߣҷҪűؾƱ仯ԼųСǻ⼸ڼء
ֻں诶žʩǵЦʱһżʧ
֪㽫ô֪Ҳϣô

Է̳
ǵĶֱͨķ졣ƧС壬ȴǰֻÿϣĿȴ˼ӵľҲԽˡαװľڣųȥأ
ڴͷһ֮ڣʮüһá䣬ͷȴǻޱȡйĸ񣬸ŰӻƵĳӡϴһ¯Ŵִֵ㡣ʮû˵ֻǿվ¯ǰڹ㡣
Щ˲õĹǸɡүĻ󣬹ҵҲǻ塣Щⱼߣ´㣬ģЩӡǶǹ±ѹ֮šЩͷżĴʦִʦ㡣ҵŵ򯣬ӺͽĳʲôģƨڣΪľԼɽɱӺͶëӣ
ǰЩ±ߣѹЩΪϵĹǸɴͷȻһǿˣǻͷֹ߲Ͷ˳͢ɣ
λϵʦУҲû٣λøЩ½ͶĴʦǸˣǸ٨Ϊ굽ԷӪ٨Ӵź춥ӵŴδݹһ·ͬסǾ˵ĵ̣֪м˺˾ƺ͵ֵܴڣ߿Ҫͷˣ̵ģˣ˹˸ˣԼɣ
ֱͻȻټһŷ֣߻Ǹ°֮ʬͷȳִֵܵʦ֣
㣬תͷһϵĺˮͷյ˰̸˼֡
缸Щ˰̣ǹ꣬͢ģëģ˭ǵã˶ٵ֣ȥʮ꣬Ƿ꣬ڵȵһ죡ƾʲôǶëסݣзݸش˾һŶָӹȥûǾǼٰӵ޴ǣΪֵںùһˣ˵ĿˣճɻңҲĸµС
һ۾գҲգĿһҲվڡ
͢ٺģϰǶ㡣һĳƺɻǻǸ꣬ûģ̷ͬΪʲôȫﵱ¾ΪʲôҶëԹԹг𱨳𣿶Ļģ̷ͬıλ˴ȨȥǾֻеסֽţһʰǣģֻиڻҲǻˣ͢Ҳǳ͢˭бе˭ӣǾҪ̵ıó
ӦģһƬصĴϢ
һ죬һ仰ôˣȲڱ֡ϹĲܴʦ֣
ȺһӺһվߣأ
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ҶǴӹʬͷģ˭֪ĺƹ񣬴ҵǲôϤ̵ֻ֪ĲүһȻٸүӿкһүӣδУǵĽͷүӲ
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ںһҪѩͦճɻˡ
ƽһͷգ̾ϢҪ¶ѩŹ¼ɡˣԺֻûῴ⾰ɫ

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תͷһȴ诵绨գڱ۶Ŀ
˵飬˯Ϊڿء˵λŮôҪǲңĺÿ
һе飬Ͻҡͷβ͵Ļƶϣû
说һСװɫͷڵƻƻáĴ۾ֻǿһ£Сƨһһðλóûһ˵ʲôأĸ첲ͻһĲӣŴһ΢΢촽
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˺óʱ䣬һǲһӣŽ⵽һ롣ֱӣκ죬ŤŤӸϿ֣˵ý˲ŸǴ˧
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Ҫ֪ѪҲٳɵһֻ֡ô룬ֻô
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ʯǽ棬ݶɫĴռ²߰ĶطڹˡͷУʱʮٵʱҲûʮϰտɷֲڽ̼˾ʿǲڽ̼˾¡һŽС
Ҫ˵ÿǻǮʩʱͲΧصĴСԲˡһʼʱذ쿴֣ҲʩֳһָʩһߺϰЦеĴк˳ָָЦʹչ֪Ҫ˵ʲôһȥһɢ
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һӾͽţһһ䱣ԼӴʵġȻͿ̫үŹͰкЩ仧ͽͳ
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һ̷ͬάŵط滹δǰЩǣ˴ʦһ־ôûʲôӣٵײѾһ̷ͬλž̫ƽ
һеһУڹʮ¶ʮʮ곯͢ĺʮطͳɥʧʮµʮǿĴìܣʮ̿ĹľӪĩҡҡ׹Ǹ͢ĩĻң˳
Ҳͻ壬öٶʱ䣬ѾĻΰҰɵպһζã˲ūĹɵĺ˭Ϊ峪޸裿
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Զɽͷʮ׳վ棬ŲԶõĵƻɽһǵĴ·⼸ߵ꣬ƶƽ
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ֱͷܣһ仰ʦ֣˲ˣٻְɣ
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мŲлδϣʬס
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նëӣнͷȫǶëŮ˹ľѪŲڶΣɱëӣнñƣҪɱëӵĴլӣղܵڴǰ
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СתߣǣׯӣڵĴүǴТҹǹ
δ䣬ͻȻһǹСһ٣ؿγѪͷȥͿһѪĲܴʦһǹǹðŰ̡
СһԵĵ¡ܴʦѾǹ򲻿ãëӻͷǿƤͷ϶еķֵģһȥëӵĴӣ

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˶ȿֺƵģƴڽһ·߾̷ֻͬЩȨЩȴմѣȴڵͷ
Լˣ֡ǶԵġ
һҹֻͷ˸̣۾ϽҹоѻƶҹѾĸٹûжãµһ졭
ͻȻ˽Ųٶҡ̷ֻͬǴĿѾᣬʲô벻ˡ
һ±ƿյĹֱڵ㡣٣棬ҪںͳԷӪ紫Ϣǽʿ̷ͬھеĺѣҲ̷ͬҲǱͬҵġǾǵгΰһ̷֣ͬҲ̷ͬǣϢĵ磬һʱȵ
˶ɫأ̷ͬڰ֣˵ͷĵƻ𣬾ͻ£Źؽȴ̷ͬߣӡ
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һȴץס̷ͬļ򣺡ˣ
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̷ͬƺӺԶҶϽȥԷȶסģϽȥ顣ȴ֪ôģһʱǶˡֻб۾
֣ҳŲ˶õġ֪Ը⿴شңҪȵʱʰơһƬҽȡһǴ֣ĳŲ˶ãһҪʱ

һҲͬ˯εнѡµƣ˯լֱǩѺǣʢͳĵһȺ
˧ݥ򼱵硣ϹҡΧáڵȵˣ
һԺһ˯⣬ʱ֪ܵȥһеĳֽһĿʮеĿ
ߵЦֶӡرȻεڴҡ̷ȻҪ뿪ǣѹ¡ȻôÿһҪӪӵܡҲܽóȻɢٸྫ׳˵ãֵĴȥƽңôǲùз󳼣ȻҲ̷һ뾩꣬ʹӣʱ򣬾Ǵ˧֮գʱ򣬴˧ΨһһʰƵˣٲв
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һ˧ɴ£μСڣȡ֮·ֻһⲻҲǴ˧ʹýزױ˧ܱϣ
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ЦЦɻһ²֪ôͻȻգȴԼͻȻҲЦˣֻǿ֣˧ûϴص£Ӷı¶Ҳս׾ƣ¸ԣտʼ¶ʽʾĵĵ籨εڶ˧ͷ
һֳȥ⻰ͷڣԣ˵ͷ᲻иĵ籨
ڻشתͷ߿վ⹧Ⱥĳµ£һ
Ѫءٲ㹻һ


ʮ Ѫ䣨
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ǾѾգſĶǿǹĺϱֻʱӵĳţͲˮǡвεļ۸һɡ
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жʮĶˮأһһġ̣ǲǴȦͷõʱŰ嶼ǷǦӣ򲻿뱲ӶûŹζģָ˶ëӣҵһɶһС죬Ըǽ˱ǣ
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ǣѾ˷Ҷ֪硣˭Ҳ֪ӵ۶ỬηȥĵϽΡɣǲô͸¶һصưζ

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ڳ⣬Ѿǧٹͱƽңǿ顣͵ԷĲ
ԷҲҪٶǧ˿Ӫ̰ǧӵܣЩ׳һɢǻͽͷʣıڳͷʱԶЩԷӪٵǰظ
һĲӱʹ˵زȻҪø֮˵ǲŻ˳츮ЩۣǮС֧벻еǮ͸Ͻٺ»ˣ¾ȫŵǺƹӣ̼Ȼ̱ĺƹѾӰȻ·ʱ̻ͣ޷ִСÿռǧĵľ˰ʱɢάϵͷ㲿ӵʿ
ÿһ춼ѵı˭ֻ֪Ҫ̵ıҽһչ̷ֻͬҪŵƽңôһ֧Ųȥ
ÿһ춼ҧţȻ˵زЩѾе㶯ҡ¾£Ҳòûµʱӵǲ
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̷ͬЦһ֪ܲǣʲôֱ˵滹ж˵ң
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ʲôѵ㻹ףһαңҺ;֮ѳ֮ñ̸ڵȫҷõطûһ壬֮³һҵԴͷﲻðããһƬɾǲᱱϵģǵȲ
̷ͬͣһ仰Ҳ˵
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ɿĽضĻôͲܳҳʲôӣٲҪȥˣճǶأھƻά֣һ޻ɳãҲñҵòʰʱֻбϣ
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̷ͬҲһЦҲаǣǶûΪֶΣܽ£Ӣ۱£֪񣿡
վ۾˸һâǵȵҧţ·ߵ֮ΨһˣŴ֣

ϺƹפڵĻĴ壬⼸ֶ˲ٿˡ
ԴͺԷӪȫϵ̷ͬǵҪߣҪȫвİȫƹһͨÿɳűصĴεڴңһ߾һͷĵҰޣĵطȴʱĵ
Ѿʮ꣬һܴ
ѾȷѪ꣬Сﰲƽͣȴ·⡣ͨﰵ;ҵĲ֮ͣҲԵʱȰСͳӴǵ̸ִżӦ꣬Ȼ׽ʢ
С岻ĵطȴдӴӵžǷôãҲʼǵѩƮ¡
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Ա˽Ųڵ϶ֱ죬ûͷҲ֪ڹˡ
ȻŶһɾζȻڵЦүӣ֪˭ôѧʿͩͷӺӶ׳ĸϹ̸飬ҪȥģЩٶ治ʱǿڿԳƸĸٶˣ޲Ͻдү֣ƴ֣ԽԽãǲǰˣ񣡻˵죬̷ͬ׼á
û˵꣬ʹһľö̷ͬ׼뿪ǣ
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Ժȸˣһһġ
ƽתͷ壬ȴĬүֻһЦҪ˹ٶǶ̫Ϸүġ˵Ӧˣ
ʮŽǣЩһҪǿǣܲӦֻҪ̷ͬƨһŲطǾͽǣ̵ģ㷭ˣʮ򶼲ԩȽ˳ǣϴ϶ˣ
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ƽҡҡͷǡ͢ЩˣͿ͸ˡǳѣȴһ֣뿪ǣֻҪ̷ͬһȥǣǽˡ
ǡ
ƽش𣬿ǿ壬ǻЦΪԺˡףҪ˳ǣ˭ٻ˭߹ٵӵܣɢɳˡǴǹеǷӷֻ߽ǣǲŸҿǷ̽ǡ
廰˵ԽԽֻɫȻûа仯·үӿе̣ϵûҲƣº̫лʵסƣɱҲƽˡ֪ܲܲںһϱߵһء
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תͷĿƺһӵƽˣǲںѵں
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ǵ۵УˮѩѩƬļϣѾǱһ㣺׼ȥݻһĿˣ

һǩѺڣһļĸȻһݷݴӸض﷢ĵ籨һ棬ϱ䵭ֻʶôŷ֡
ҾڿʼһԤϡһȨɥʧɾضҾӵ³ԥصĵط٣Ҳ൱֮Ϸڿ׾ƣ֪Ѿһ취ûУ֧ܵҲָȽұྐྵȻ޲ߣƾʲô֧ǣ
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һ̷û籨ֻҧŰΪԼܳŹȥֵڵģʲôָ
е㼤һȻ΢΢еʧ˳ϣȻ뵽ȥˡ
ײŵȵڽ籨꣬һһŻعǿЦô¶ǽ˻ƣǴھƵĵλȻҲٲ˽ȫȨ¶飬졭
Ǿһ֣˧ʲôʾ
һЦЦʾһ¡ЦӢʹȲѾ˧ʾ˶ԣΪ۹ѾɥʧάϵǾȶҲϣӢڽڱʾԴ˧֧֡һԸ֮սʤһҵͳ˧ϣȶסǾƵġ۴ʵǴ˵㣬˵ƶ࣬ʵҲǱʾӢϷִ֧˧ʰˣ
һӣͨ죺ģѶ
ûһﶼͯ;ɣһֵ̨£ܸߵˡλðһ·ߵڣʶܲһʧصĺ
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ñֱ۾һգգĿһһֵʳ˧ʲôʱϣ
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ݾش𣺡ԽǾϽûֵһĶ֡ûдӾʱϿǵıҪֻǵȺ˧ѡ
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Ǳ죬ش鱨һҲͨˡЩΪϵĸҲ֪ˡӦһʥĶ˵飬˵ࡣŽһעλʱ򣬻ǲҪʲôͷ顣
ȴ⣬ǾҹڵˡѾǱ˿зҲûʲôںġĿһ⼸˵˳ĵӣһɫȴܲÿԵò԰׶㲣·ʲôŲһ
˧Ѿ˧˵ξ˵һЩݥ磬и׼̽ǡ̷޿ܽ˾Ƴ֧ȥ̱Ȼǽ֮գǱ֮ʱ˾أۺ½ǲյ飬ƻȲӿԭ̸֮Ҳţ˧Ҫ̫ͻΪ˷Դ˧ƾ裬̷ʹ˧߲һ·˵ĵ㣬ҪĻɳӵڱطʹһ£ʹˣ˧ŻЩûи˼·Լ߾ģ
ÿ˶ɫ԰ףڽ˵ôף˭е㾪Ķǡ
ǵ˳Ϊʥ̾ѧΪ̫ƽͷһΪʦءЩһǴ
һ۾
ǻȥˡ˵ģǶԵġάȷ
˶һһ᲻ɫݣĿһֱֱһ԰׵
֮һ۾ͷһЦֻԼԺҲûḡˣء
áйעضǣ֮գǱ֮ʱҪˣ


ʮ Ѫ䣨
һ˶̧СΣƴֹֱ͢ʽĺֵڶȥ
Դ̷ͬϳȥƾ֮󡣾ǵԭ洦ɼĺϱҲ˺ܶࡣϵձǰɶ࣬ϡ󡣳˴̼ҿŵĻ⣬ССļˡֻǲûֻʳǸӵܵİȣ۱黹˵һ̵ֻ̻ζͷ
ЩİգϸҲͶľڽţֻҪҵƲͷȫϡСѩ׷׶£ڵϾͻˡֵĺ⣬Щһ޽УǾͳһһͷ̾
˴Ӳݾƹݳ˫־ھƹݲЩҲû˸˵ȤſڴšͷȲȾƵĿˣҲżһʲôģл͹ȥӵܣؤˣһȥʱҲֻüͷ䣺ˣԺ󲻶ָǻءȻͿ첽뿪
ɫһҵģÿɫҲһҵġңưܣһƬĩ
Ϊڽͷֻ͸ůɫһƬҰܻʳ󡣽ηߺţ㿪һֵ֣ųİǰСһƮֱΪĵס
ңĩӣݴӼӹˣʬȸƵģʦ˵˭Ƕë˭ǣõҵãԴң
Ҫ˵Ҳ˼˵ǹǾƫֲó͢Ҫ̵أӣӦһ˱ұͷɺ޾ǶϣŲ̳¾˲ǣֻҪȥ˶ϣľųôӵܣһ·
Ҳòңôѽġ
Ƕڻڱͷǲء˴ԣͷھڴ⣬Ҫ硭
죬Ƕϻ̣̫ƽգʵڰĵӣһǶཻʮ˰꣡
Ѿ޿ˡΪڽͷ䵭š
ʲôϵڼȻͬƴͷҪǸϽסȨƣ̷ͬϵһ㡣ʱҪ´Ļƾ裬ҲǺһּۻ۵ıǮ̷ͬڱǲߣô֧ͣڿ֧ţһ֮άϵűǻѵһǺһڵϣ
뵽Ϊ̲סЩꡣȨ·ϣ̷ͬƺԼһģһʱԼôڻھͷ
ϸϸϷķӦȴֲһǰͨ£ҪδӦԵˡȻѾûƬɽʣˮеĿ衣Ҫڽ飬ôҲҪѸٱϣӦ̷ͬ¾ٶļƣ
ˣһ棬ô
Сת۾ͽӣڿΪ˼ʱ򣬾ͻȻͣڵһģΪӵװ壺ô£
Ӻͽη͵ģΪȥۡ˹ƣΧϡǹô࣬Ǹ˾͵áȨŵﶼǺö
ͷηƿһΪѵĶſΪүƣүǶأǽҲˡģխ˸ϵүۣ˵ɡǮҲҪˣֻҪû鷳
ΪһӣͿͷ߰кſ۵ĹӣϵŰӻǰҴͷЩȫͷˡǽһŤ˵̳һŮŮͷԱߺţҪԱҪ棬㣡ⱱָ͵÷ˣģܵȥ̤ʵ̳Ӱɣ
ͷĴ󺺱Ÿ첲ֻǿһӵĿΪͷһһᡭˣ巸̳Լ˵ôţϴӲջһжһ첲ϷʮֲֻǷ
ΪһֻɢģһСǮЩҲûʲô˵ģɴཫȫ˹ֵݵǴϣۣôʵڻ֣̿´һһģ
ǴЦĿΪٶҲͷ˰ɣžĸĽɽˣүʦүô
ΪֻЦҲˣĵĽηͷƹҰʦֻ֡͢ʽĺֵȥ
ηںͷСʣүҪ̵ˣ
ͷô࣬˾ǻ᲻ϴǣ
ȥ㣬üɣ
Ϊֻǲת۾ߵ͢ʽֵڵſڣͿŰ뿪ڣ͢ʽſΪӰ͸Ͻӭ˳Ϻͷ̳ˣ㵽ˣ
Ϊ͢ʽη򣬺Ƶ͢ʽڡŹ˴ż͢ʽʣͺƹˣ
Ϊĵظ֤Իϵĳ൨ġ˵Щʲôã̷ͬһգǾͿ˳ǽ
͢ʽҲһӣͲ֪ԼŲ˶ãԽȥ涯ӵԽ㣬ҪˣģͻϵķΧ
һ£ſΪ˵̫Ҳ纫ƹ񡭡үû¶ʲôڷ磿
ΪЦЦһֻϺָ꣬¶ڷ磿Ǳͷ۸һЩܵʲôǣ
͢ʽʹļ״ʲôʱˣȨͷ˼ңֻθԽ̧ԽߣʱԼǾ͸ѣЩû˵ʲôǶģٶҲȥˣĵλҲȥˣô
ΪתͷĿ͢ʽϣ㻹ףļ̷

ȥ̽˳ǣĳ룬ǰȥ·ʯ
͢ʽſΪɭĿ⣬Ȼеηܣôȥ
Ǳ̫ͷƾҺ͸һʵҾ֪̽ȴ֪ҲֻҿϺܽȷʵ鱨̣Ƕ֣
һ̣͢ʽȻƿԣֻñġĬΣŵ͵͵̾ǱʮˣǸǧѵϵôҲϳȥǶԸ
ΪҲүҲҵа취ҪĹͷȥҵȴ³ӣϣ㿴Űɣ֮գҵȲȨ֮ʱͷˣ

˵굱̵ֱΪ壬ôڣҲǱӵΪܵһȺˡ
Ӫʮ죬̱ҾˡӪ£ʱפ̷ͬĵϵǹڣָǡӵܣǷֱ¾Ӫͷ˰ѷģŴӴʦֱɾٵģĳӪءĻԱӪʹá
꣬סӪͱһ·
ʳò񣬶һһ죬һԸ˳ɱвóӪһǹƣսȵ˼㡣
ԳĽٱΪǸɣСׯֻЩΪӵܵжмеĽٱı׾졣£ҲȻû½塣
̩ǰŴϱĵ֣µֽ̣֮ڼӵгѵԭܼ򵥣˧ˣ£˭ùһ
ޱȣͷˣȴиı֡
ͷȻ٨绢ҲƵľơԭһͷͷɵ˾ȥԼǼͷͷǸԼԡȥǲƺѪ֮ôҲ㲻ȥǾͼӱʧǡ
Ԭȴһͷһ㣬Ѿ˼ߴڱôնľ浱ӪһΪľڽĴֵΪǴһǧͽֱŵĳǹǹʮѣڱܼӵУһģۿҪΪˮÿӪĴȥ»Ƶ̷ͬϵӵĿӣ·ʱܱ
ȴһӣ˵ˣ͵ᣬǾŹ⼸죬ȴʼչԼͷһݷݵݵģͨʢͨͳȥ֪ôôҪʾ϶ս棬͸Ըıһķԣѹȣȡôݡڣȴһݽһݵĵ籨ڷ
һ棬һǸͺƢʲô鶼ҿЦĳҲˡżǸӪٳУٲɵЦݡֻüĨĳءټѵľ棬ﶼɵ̬ӦԣҲ취ڱʾڱţӦʲôȴǴش𣬵ҲֻһЦ
ϵ£ʹôŹֵľյУҶЩҲڲ²⣬˧ƽ޹ʵĽǷŵ˧ڽٰЩʲôܷã
֪ԼЩʲô
һݷʾ籨ȥⱲûױдôġÿҹͨĴһѸ̽龩ʵ̱顣̺ʱ̽㲿֮ҪĪˡ򾲴֮Ҳ˧г㣡
һְ취Դǰƾ̷֣ͬԱؾƣ²ӵƿԶԶһԽյôȷʵ˵ܼӣʵɸӡ滹ʢϣҪƾֶ̫ˡ
Ȼأ
˧ѵľǲϣҪһƬѪ
ǧδ֣֮Ȼȫµ쵽ڡѵ󣬻Ҫߺ͹ȥһȨ֮·֮;
ŵҹŵĸ磬ϸܵ絶һĺ硣³һڳİ¿ҵСѩͷ̷ͬ¾ԶڣֵıʿΧŻֱ
֮䣬һƬɡ
ͻȻ˽Ųÿһߵȵġﲻûͷ֪ԬԬԹܴҲ֪üԬҪ߶ǰƾ֣ȥϿ£Ǹɴ죬Ĳıңܻ࣬ýһ鱨ǶѹˡԬǴˣ֪ﲻٲ˵Ҳͳܲˡ
ôִˣ黹ǲãûʲôö˵ģ
һתͷԬһͼСٵƹӴȵ߽˳ĵʲô飿˵ĶѾ˵Ҫʲôóģ
Ԭȴһ࣬ü֮仹˷֮ɫˣпݣ
ʲôͣҲüëҲ벻ʲôˡ̷ͬһͷǸƵģȻʢﱣϵǾԳƲǿͣʲô˻ҡڶ
ԬͷʢƹѾ֪ͨ٨Ӹ׼üˣˣǡ
һ֣ЦڻЩͷԵĸʲô˼Ҿǳģװˡ«ҩҲýҿˣ

ǩѺ
ڶǩѺУһݷݵģӦĵ磬˸ӣҪ鱨ժҪ׼ͳһһݷݵĶ͹ֻǲͷš
һԴӾݲϵĴƣʱ˼£Ҫ½ִｭĶˣҪ鱨һȻٸ첻Ǻôøض䷶ΧǺȲּۻۡƺûǰЩӵЩѽ⡣
Ȼ֪һЩʲôαǸɾĶһһ·Щ³˿Ѿ㹻ֱ׳ˡڵҾ֣ǳǷչǴԼֳġһһ֣ҲֻССƲһѪãǸΣ׼εˣŲϧǿӲ̬ȣƶһǰߡҲΪһ̯ΡλߣⲻЩ̬һɣ
ֻǣһ̬ô
еʱżҲеղˡһˣǲƵġͷβһڱصչȻѾŰסһ̬ܻе㻳ɡ
ˣô
ڿǩѺһſյĴӣҡͷЦЦ׼ͷĵС
⴫һŶ롣ЦŴкԣ࣡ǲ֣Ųŵס
Ц˳ӣǣƽʱҲеĺܡǽͷٴšֻ˧ۺһ±鱨һ¸ضӦĵѡ¹ػܣʱˡȵⵣӣ˧ôţҾ͹ܲ
һһЦڿ˵ξҪˣҴô̱
ҲЦŻش𣺡֮ʿУζһͷӣǣ͹ʱ
ģܿϢ˭֪ÿʱÿ̶ˣֻһ̷ͬҧ֧ţ
һڼµĹ鵵ĵĿ¼һ߷һЦҪ˵ûǡϵЩط˼ˡ
ĻȻֹ²ӣĿڣЩĵ磬ôûп
ʱһ𲻴һֵˣʢǺҲͷֻǽ鱨ۺһ£ȫԼĿûСжй۲صġǱʶ˵һЩڲͬĶھȻôĵӣ⼸췢ĵȫ
ҲͰˣҴݵ¼ֵĿ¼ͷΪһʶֶΪǰһ죿
Щͷһа޴йʱڵĿ͸ӵɭ䣡
һѾȨµϴΰѲ˻ݣҪߵǱѾ֮ΪҪɽĲѡȻһӲ󡣿ǰȴǱǰӵսսȨ֮ѾȻȻĿͶǸ˶ᵨ
ȴηӭһĿ⣺˧ְǵãڱ֮£Ѷ
һȻĵΣ
ڻվѶôְΪǣֻҪڲΥ˧ָʾΧ֮ڣΪβܴЩճĵ磿Ϊβ־ͽ˧ķԻر˾ˣЩĵ¼һʾͿԣְδ֮У˧ԿԱעţְ磬򾲴֮̽鱱Ϣкδ
һƽƽԼԣҲ㳳ܡ㴦ϵҲ˵ûĵ磬Ҫҿǣ
ֻǵĳ˵ĵ磬Ҵ˧֮ģ
ڻشּֿ죬ͷҲá
һ͵̧֣ݺָڵıӡȴһ仰Ҳ˵˵Ķ֮һŷ¸첲Ͼ˭֮ǰĵ磬ɣĵһʱҪҿ
ְҲڻشɤŶɺܴһתͷݺݵĵһۣ󲽵ľ߳⡣
ȻŲվʱŸеĵһ˿亹
̬ĻδҲ̫һЩ
һôɡҪȻҲ߲죡
ãڲҡͷЦ
ԼģǶǴ

ʱҵСӪУˣС࿴ţкܶ໰Ҫ˵ȴûȿڡ
Ӫͼª͸ܶ˵һ֪һСݵУΣ趼ûһ
Ǻƹ壬ͷӴúģһ̬ӵӡżһһ·ʱܵһ廹ӣһֹؾصķϥͷ·ֳѾ÷Ĳˡ
Ƕ棬ԬͳԬĿ⾼ǿ԰ס̧ͷ컨塣ͷ󿴿ҿϿ¿ǵôһоʲôƵġ
ƹһȴһ̾ϢүӣǺοգ
ͷһЦܿ
￪˿ڣԬҲĦŷִ磬˵һ䲻̲ʺүһ·ࡣǲװɣ
ƽЦЦͷӾڱأ졣ʢݥһıͬ·ֻǮʢݥҪ㣬Ҳûʲô鷳ġֻǶλһؽݣӲߴһͷ֪˧ӰӣλأտλŻȻ򣡱䣬ϰ߰ɣ
ﻹﲻסҡͷȻǾ仰үӣǺοգ
ƽȻǴ˧Ӧ˵ҵɣ
ǽıı֮ܳǰбҪ鱨ȹ֡ڲڴܣԬ뱱أ̶ָΣһҲͨˣβ֪ƽʮǰǸһԱ󽫣
ｫַϥϣǰ㣬ݵ¶Ŀ˼ı飬ûпƽֻǳԼ˼ͷʲôĳޣҪʮ˵ѪŹɱӣ⣬ڸɵĲôǽؾȷѪ굱Сһǡүӣ˯žô
ƽǷͳ˼ǹңͷеԣɾ˯ðȡһζ١
ԬֻǿųתתȥƺУǿŲ˵
һİƣҾ֪ȰûãʮˣҪˣɡҲûʲô˵ˡǾˣΨ֡۸ǵӣҪ֡ѹҶٶĴ峯͢Ҫ֡ģһҪ֡һǱһǻʲô̸ģүӣذɡҪȥȻɨƽ㡣
Ԭҧأǲ˵
ƽȴҲĻȻԵõЦ˵ĺۡɶԴ˵һҲһ˵ˣܾڱǣҺƽǰҺƽģҲǳ˰ǽλҵ⣬е̸
ƹȫǼڽЦ⣬Ҳ֪ЦٺˣЦڽһʵҲеȥ
ΪʲôͲҰݻǶλͼΪأҲǴ˧Ҫ鱨Ѳλôһͷӣ
ִǹལĻ⣬Ӧ࣬ЦеľͰһﹻȴһվȥȴ۾˵һ˧رֻ˼ҪҳǰŪ
˧µһǽǰĳθŪƽЦԽУҲվӣĿ⾼
ĳڱصֻ¶λ󣡶ĳΪʲôλ˧֪ͷֻѩ𣡳׵ƽ͢ǾΪ˧³ҵ·Ψһϰ̷ͬλʴǧͽ֮ǳ̲ʱһĳѮڣΪλеԽսǸɣͳʵ֮ʿǧ֮ɶǣĳᴴһлöλʾǣʱλôôƳ֣ģݻʶԽӦ˧ʲôǣĳҪֻ˻壡λĳ󣡡
˵ƽһ½󣬰ݵͷȥԬһȥǽڰաȴֻĿŹµĺƽ
絶


ʮ ʲô
йԱճΪڡСԺ֮ڣһ綹
ǰͷͷϱֽ
ԭڱʱͶʵӢ˵ıݱΪ˶ӢıֽרѧӢ
˽Ϻıֽ࣬˵һǷ塣
طƮҡֶСм䣬ܷ˿
ǿѾ̹ϱȨѾûά־ƵȨΨһһʵ̷ͬƿؾƵԴҲԽԽ٣ʱ㸲۲ҲϵķررҵľƽչֱͨʡϱѾԭ֮ơ˵һʼЩȭЩ֯ҲѾȫʧء̷ͬȥıھάһЩسǵб֤һ㽻ͨ˭Ҳ֪˳᲻Ὣû
˵Ŀ⣬ָһʰơµĴʱضεڸϸҪ˧δؾơ
Գ͢ǵȨΪõҲΪʲôҪӱµԭ򡣷ǰٵλû̫ʲôģֻż说̼һ²Żᷴ
һڵΪԹҪ֮壬һײඡҪܻԵĴ
֮ʣûк³֪Ҳ׼˽ͷ룬ֻҪԼϵܻܵţһииģνˡ³һǵ΢ĸ飬ʱ󳱵Уʲô
һ˱ǣǾֻл帲ô򵥣
һΪȷ顪ӹȥǧĸĳ˵޷Ǿǿ˵̳һֱͨ۷ĵ·Լ⣬ҲûаһԵءһ˵ˣô
ֶ粢ݽǵһ棬СĿС㡣ЩСǲͷԴǸ˵Ҳ֮СҲûƽŵ̬ˡǴĿֽüͷһү᷿˹ñֽԼͷȾƣ˭ҲȥС
ѵСΪǸ˧ļŶôԿࣿҪ˧Ǹ̫̫۾ɫͷƯС۰òˡҪСֵĸСŶȥ̧̧֣ȫС㣿
˫̥ͨ뵽һۣСʱͶˡ
ֻС󻹵Լô졭ûۣ
˫̥˼ȻҲ벻Ժоתһ
ǡӢ۰ǴΣѵӢ۰Ӧǧδֵ֮Ӣۣ˵ʱһˣѵȡҪԭ·ôȡĵ·ʼʱ򣬴ڴϣȴȻһֻأһظ
ȥ԰ΡһƬžУסǼ᷿ͻȻ֨ѽһһ˼ϵܵϡܱܵǰϢˣ˵ԼʲôܵԿˣǾĵò֪ô죡
ǰüݱֽʱģӲšʱȴһʲôˣæվ𣬾ͳܡҲþˣһȻеͷΣŲסӡֶϽһһҷס
С㡭
һԣǲ¸ϽţһſڡͿǹ֮£ѾĴϣĽװҹɫУȻͦѥҲѾøɸɾ
ģȥͣסŲڱʡ
ͷŽЦЦ𰡡ȥĶ˧ٻػˡ
΢ĹâУԿϺӶεøɸɾһͷûУ̵ñͦĲ·ʱԷ
һֻСĵ˵ôˣ㻹ǹʲôȥʲôˣǲٻضֵ
ЦЦϽ㣬Ҵ֣Ҳۣ˧ǲϱˡ˵ģҪǴ˧ڴǱȥϽǣһİͶ򣡱¹ǲǻʵǰ˧ǹҲǲǸ磡ҪǳڵڶԼĨӣ˭˭ô˧һ·ɵĶ飡
ϵЦԽԽǿֻǽ
Ҫǿ壬ֺݲĳ˧ƽնǵĽ̵ӵġҪҪֱ׳ǲһôСӣհ¾޵ģɱɱùؾ͹ء˰׳ôã˲𻹸ꡭɾôһ¶ȥһĥ˧ǲġҲô䲻ϴƤ˧ҵҲûҲϵʲôݶԴӸŴ˧നʱľ¾ˣǽˣǽĹȥ𣬰ǻѪڴ˧ǰʲôƲˣҲͲԼԴˣ
˵۾ͷѾġҧһװ̧žҪŶһ˹ȥסĸ첲ϵܵܣôô죿
ֻǶţ㣬֣ˣԼһӣҲû˼ϽǿûôĵܵܣҲܻţ
ȴҲֶ֣Ҳץ½ǡĸ첲ĳ䣬ôĿš˦ҲûֻǶͷ̾
Ͻ㣬ôˣôһĥߴһܻôӺɷһ˾꣬ģҾܸıˣ㻹ˣԴֻһ붨˾ͻزͷ
ֹס˳һĨϵˮϽ㲻㣬ȥ˧Ͻ˵˧ٱȫǵµհ¾޵ģѳҲϽ˵ȥʵڲɣǽһѶ
üĿȻ˵ľֻԼ֣ҪĹͷ

콫ĺԬվںͷֻǿԶĺƹĽӡ
⺾Щϱڳͨеġ棬ʮſĺϱ·ųȥԶǰͨжоԴӡ粽ĸСԱߣʼûлͷ
Ԭ૵زȻ鴫֮Ŀ
ɫܲÿĵҲֻͨаˣҪ£Ǯʲô󻹲ҪָЩ֮ˣ
ڰ֣ˣҪų԰磬û˼Է˯
ƹݣһֱ䵭ƹɴͻŸ첲߿ȥˡԬͷ̲˵䣬Ҫ˧ر
ͷҲΪ⣬ֻǺԬԼͨͷĸǵĴӾ٣ͿԺϣ˵Ⱥһ˧ϴʣʲôʱϾͿԺȡϵ̾ٸ˶ǹټӵ
˵վ͸ǶȥͷӴͷβڵЦ·һж֮һ㡣
һó͸ӵĲˬǰŪ
תһɺҪͷȴԬһץס˸첲ˣ
ôˣ
ǲȥ˧رȺ˧ʾ£
Ԭӣһ֣ûҪͷ˼ף벻ָܰæǣǵӣɢ̷ͬעء˧Ͱպĸϳţȥ籨˵ܹ˧ָʾˣ˧ûӣùͷҲա
˵˦Ԭ֣Ҳһۣͷߡ
Ԭؿһ£ͻȻ߼˳ǰˣ
վ˽ŲϺ͹һ㺮˪Ҳƣûô
ôˣ
Ԭҧҧݣˣ벻Ҫ˴˧ô֮ʿģҲҪ˴ұЧ֮·¡־߽ࡣڱְδе̫һʷ飬￴м䲻Ѫ߰ߣ
Ǵֵ꣬ǺƽǵˡʱǻƲñʷκһҪɾⱱǣ˲ְи̩Щˣڴ˧ıһ֮·ҲݾǶ˧ȴ󹦣ְҪ֪ղŷ飬ҲҵȲҪᣡ
Ŀ˳ǣ˵˰Ҷôôáǣ˰֪ǰ׵ĺá
ͷ죬鼥ڽҾûô˵ġҪָɾԼмշתࡣҪҵĴ֮·Ҳ뵲ãϸ˧ȥ磬Ƕȴ˧ظɡҾһͷʱǰһˣ
ԬĿ˳һۣžϾ͵ͷ˶ȥ

ӽȥϺ׼һ칻ˡϺתȥϣҲˡ칦ǰȥϣݲҲܼһ֧֧ӳˣ˵СӴӡٸһ׼ʱɡ˳½ٸǡҲ칦˲ˡ죬ҾͿԽǣ
һԼ鷿ͷָͷһ֧ǦʡŵͼȱȻ˵¹̹ѵ¾ٽڲıҵʱ򣬵һʷԵҲ˼ΡǴʧ˷ָ
ΪԼͼҵŤŤɸӡ
ŵͼ죬Ǧڵͼ档νȻ̾ȥˣʲôģҪˡͲˣǲǷҪȻӲţԵӷͷĿ
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һע⵽ŷһ벹Ѫĵ˲μѾҲ֪Լĸϱ͹ģֻԼղ̫ûע⵽
ϱⲻ˷ѣһҪȲȵֹ΢¯ûСڼʮʹܾȱ˵ɶͽϱٶ࣬Ҳûһ̨õ㡭
룬뵽ϱȻ뵽ǲܳԵһСסڴйŮˡ
ǸŮӣڲҲÿĴ㡣һӣָԴľԺô
㣬ЩʲôԺûʲôˡԼҺʲôġҲ룬ǴأٶͳΣʲôӣԼԳϴ˱ǣѾԼٵķƺţ
һ߷ߵĺһڱ롣
Լĸô
ҹǻʱ򡣾ſڵرү´Ⱥ˵н񣬵ȴ˧ǩѺ
һһ¾ѣͳߣæľôں׷һȴߵ÷ɿ죬µݹ־ƿֱߵլſڣͿµ¾Ⱥһһһ߷ʣʲô飿
µߵһߣ˼硭
һһȽô
µµش𣺡ŴҪ֪ͨ˧ġ
һӦˣղ˵ڼ䣬λүŤˡ˵ĵ籨Ҫôܼ㣬˵
һҡͷЦڳµĸʲӵ֮¾ֱԼǩѺȥլڶͷҲ·߰˷Ӿ͵ǩѺǰͷһ·һһ·ĥ籨٣©ҹʱһݼ磬ʲô飿
ŽǩѺͿͷƻͨ賿ʱˣڻĵ硣һֻǲɫ̧ͷϷһ£һݳֽ˹
һһĿʮеɨһ飬ֿһ飬⵽Լλ棬ϸϸֿ˵顣
˧λص磿ȴ£˲ҵ飬ʢҲҵ飬ʱ佫Ϣ˹λھ˧Ĵ𸴣
һ³ֻֽǿڣ⺫үӣôһ㣿ԣô
һĻرԼʻҲɫƽǴˣҪǣΨһϰ̷˧ֹҲ֪˧֮ǰʲôҵ淴һµ˼Ĵײװ˳˺ԬյһˣֻҪõֶηų̷ͷһԸǡƽͿԳ£ô£Ҳ²޷ǾԸ̷̷ȥΪ̳ţ
һһţľһڣǸô죿
ڻشúܿ죬һ֮ǰͿ϶Ѿ˼ˡ
ӦԷӲһǵû¡֮Զ溫ƽôȥֻն飬˧ϣȴӦ
һѡʲô
ͺƽڵϰҲ̷ϵԽãԽǲƵĵȥ˭Ҳû뵽һȻ֧ŵʱ򣡷ҲǹŵӣϺƽɱ֮󣬿ƿؾҪأԺ˧ǱңΪҵҲУȫ԰գ˧ӦԣҲ͸Ϊ㣡
˵ϯ𣬳һһҾأУ˧ƽи£Ҳûкʹ˧µڴ˧˹飬ƽҲ͵˧Сݵ籨ǲ̷ȥˣ˧Ȼ֪ξ񣡳ɾ֮֮ڣ֮󣬴˧ͿԻʦϣ
šƽʱϴǡһ
˵ĻѾ˵꣬Ҳٲ˵ʲôˣֻǿһһۣ߻ԼλһŰ׸ӣ֣һص硣
ͻȻ졣һֱһҲûűƿһ죬¶˳µµСĵ˧пݡ
ȥһ͵󺰡
µŵûһʶľžĴһһһѾվƽƽؿϢ
пݣôˣ˭ݿͣһǺεˣ©ҹʱ򣬳µ¾ȻҸͨ
ųµĬĬתҪȥһסʲôˣ
µתžһڣΪѵĿڣ˧С㡣±˵˧ͣ˵¿ںһ׵ķϣһͨһСͥȺ򣬱ȥȥ
ˣ
һķҵİڰ֣ţȥʱʲôͣ֡
µ¾Ҫߣһȴһºס·ӳµߴ߳ȥڿǰһУվźһ˧Ƽµ¸ֶſڣб۾ˣ˧ϣֲŴ˵
һϣҾˣˣ
һȴܺǩѺͷŻͥȥŲôʯϣտյڼžҹ졣
ͥУһ°ӰھȺ
ҹɫУΡ
㡭ʲô
߰˲ʱһͣ˽ŲŶ˫ӣʵ
־ƺǰǵͷȥŮΪ˧һֻ˧籱ϡ
һ̧ͷ˧ϰ
һֻǿЦһһ壿һ壬ͷ϶꣬ҺΪӹΪ˽֮ѹե֮ū֮ڶٶǰŮȥ̫һ壬ȣֻôش𣿡
͵Ļ֣еһУǰ¾޼ɵģط粨һǰ¾޼ҰôһΰĹҴ۳ǿԴ֮뱱й֮ʵǰ¾޼ҶʼūϥýͰ֮ì֮뾩ǰ¾޼ϣһǾѾձͶǧóȥɶ̨壬ڽǧȥһԪɾúҪ֮߰·ٶͳεĳ٣
ԹۣҪԼֵ򣬾ҪԼҰͲǵĻʳǱѪУĸǶ˵κһһ񣿡
һֻпڷ֪Լ˵Щʲôֻ̲סҪЩӵȫ³
ֻȻĿһ˵꣬ӯӯ°ݣ¾޼б֮꣬Ҳط֮ɡȴޱĵοӣֹѣ˧Ҳñͬһ棿˧󣬿ɲ
˧ǶеӢۡҲ˵ǧδ֣֮ΨмѪԣ׶ǰΨóֶΣó¾񡭡ѵ㻹ҪѪĳôѾģ¾޼Ѿ˥΢ѼΨһı¾ڱͷȨѵǻôľ޼¶깩֮֮ʾ֮ǰҪֶնɱô˧˴˹·ҪȨıֶô
̲ס˳ֱ䣬ĿͷȥŮΪ¾޼Ϊ壬ѴΨ˾ٱϣŰһ·Ϊȥ
һǰȥ
ǡԼѾߵˡ
ҲΪλߣԼֻܴ⣬ǿ˰ɣԼײߵڣôΪһǰŮӵᣬȻе㶯ҡأ
ǡԼƾʲôߵڵأ
ԺͻȻðһʣһȴԲȥ롣ֻӲĳͷȥóµȥ㲻Ҫˣ
ҲѹֲסĿһǿԼعˣֻǽŲԽԽ졣
һԼǩѺֻĿڡ
ȥ磬СӱĸˣͷɣһֲҪģԭͺƽʱϢ̽˱Ӳűϣ

ǣӪ
ԬĬȻ಻ԷھȺ
ԶЩǾӵľӪͷѾڴĸĹˡ
ı·ͨʢؽġڱ֮䣬ԭк籨·˷ձļ̨߻һڱɳͨѶԱפĵ籨ȵת籨ֱǱɵ£һţڸȥˣ籨ͷһշԱǽαװˡڱڵڣߵÿĻӵ·;
ͨӪĵ·ҲͰźˣԷṩ˾һΣһӣֲֻǷھĻ̻̣⣬Էһһʡ
ｫͺƽϢõ֮󣬾ͽĸĽ£ϽȻȻص磬ʲôʱתĽصһʱҪ꣡
ʣµģǵȺѡ
ĬУԬͻȻ͵˵ˣ½컰ͻˡ
Դ֪ЩʲôԬ⻰һڰ֣ûʲôһԷҲ᳤ãҼƽЩʲô۵ûš
ԬֻǿĲɵĳˣĶԴ˧³λһ㶼ô
ЦЦҴСŹֹˣеĶʵȤ󡣡
ԬȻҲЦˣô˧˵ӣҪȻµûл·ˡ
бۿô϶˧ص룿ˣǲܲ˵ġ
ԬƶһЦϣȻҪһǻܲ˵ѪԡҪȻ˧Ҳߵڡ֮أֱߣ˭ϸϸֱʧе飬˧ãڱá
ֻǵһЦ
׼ֳĬȥŲ춯˶һۣͬʱվͿɳȥʹܵͷǺ˾ž񣺡˧ص磡
ֽӹҴҴһСųֽɨһۣϾޱ顣Ԭ󹧽ĵȺ򣬾̽ͷڳֱ
ãŽųֽݸԬ
ԬĬĬ꣬ͬɫֻǹʩһ񣺡ˣǲȥ纫ƽ
ﱳ֣ͷ˼˧ǿʲôǴӱ䱸ѧǿʲôǳ׹ģǿʲôӳʰս飿㲻
͵̧ͷĿ磺һҹû꣬ʲôҪȵΪֹ

һֻƣ룬籨Ѿȥӵ㣬Լλ淢˰ӵ㡣һš˼ܡ
ʱֻԼլ˯һذ
ǾԼ۾ľȫѪɫ
ڻ﹤һҲˡվסԼĲӣ󲽵߳⡣һžͿµվڰסĳ濴
һҲùܵʲôˣֻǵ͵ͷԸһظ
µһСܹӦһǡִսһ㣺ˡ˵Ҫ˧ֲͨڶٳ¸ڵرһֱվǶ
ݣôˣһһĹ
һ̾˿󲽵ľͳٳȥµһԣĸ
յĲٳ棬ݸֶվñֱҹɫкˣõһϽȴ㲻η̬֮Ҳ֪վ˶ˡ
һųµ»߽ŲתĬ
ݣʲô
ݳһ£ǿڣЩʹ˧˵־ûҪˡ˧ʲôˣӾ׷˧ʼҾٲɡ˧ӦúףǸ˧ǿʲôôĸô΢һֱߵڡ
ǡǿʲôߵڵģ
⣬һѾþûȥˡʱ䣬ôȻš
һôһ죬ȵױɽһڴڣ̵ѩĴһųڸǴصĸɭ֣ڵһصʱ򡭡ҲǺ޹ǵȥԸȥģǰһ
ˮˣҪ𶥣ڣͬ
ҲһָʥĶڳʼϺĴжڴˣƴȫǵǻǻѪˣ
ݵ͵͵ĸһ˵ĻһЩƳˡ
ݵҲЩժ¾ñһ˧һ·޷Ǿĸ֣񡣱ߣسл֮ܣл֮¾ūסߣд˧ڣΪԱղϧΪĿе򡭡ڴ˧ȴҪȨıȡ֮ϧñѪɺӡǺ͵ʲô𣿴˧ǿűеĳɵ壬׳ʿЧ¹ģ̶֮䣬ô壬ڴ˧ǰһ
ΪʲôҪ̣˵£Ը׷˧У¾һңڴ˧ǰ񣬻ʲô֣˧սԸΪ˧ȫƽ
ԼǰˡһεԴ
ʱ󳱽ƾٵλãȴȥʲôȨı
ˣ
߹ȥݼ򣺡˰˰ȥٲȥڱǵ㣡ͳ˵ôԶ̫ͨĻǸʲôˡ˳ȥ֪ͨٴӱ
תͷֿµ£㣬طһ֪ͨլҪԶŶˡȥСӣϱϣ
˵һ䣺ģҪٸճǸ˵籨

ĿھŲĽ
ɫ԰ףȴƽ
Ͻ㣬жǮǷĲ
һֱ˵ͻȻڣʱϲĻش𣺡㹻ȥĸңû¶˰ɣ
ЦЦź˲ӣǲǳԼԴһǹҲô¶Ҳܶһۡʲôң㡭ձȥ
ϲı첲ȴһᡣǽ֪ӱܣԺҲʬ⡣ʲô취أ
ʱǰ˭ҲֿһǾ͵һΰɡ
ðŷſĸ첲վкֶļûʲôˣȥŪԵģʲô
ֶʱ۾ͺͨͨģһСáһСޣһġ춼ˣСȰү͡
үǻã
ȥҪ󴬣ӻҾͻ˵this is a pen
СѧӻʱҲԱߣôͻ䣿
ͷ
΢ЦСŶŵſھͼҴҵĻڴϵǹϽţ
ŶҡͷЦҲϽ˴ۣ
Լû룬ججĻšһ壬ȴָˡޣ޲ЦҲʵЦ
СԺӵͻȻ졣ʶľȥŶһ򿪣Ϳǳµ³һվſڣĿ
һʱҲӳͷֶĴñе¡Ǹı
Ļص˹ȥ˧ǲǾﻹҪʰүүϽһëүϵµ˭
µ±סˣһ֣Сӣ˧ԭϹҪ˧ϣȥϣ
Խļ򿴿ִѾɵ˵ؿһȭһӵʰͷϼˣүүȥģŲŵүͣ
µ˵תߣȴɴ۾ſֱֱĴš֮Żת۾
ᣬʱŶ
ĴԼţ˧ҹȥ˧Ҫ̱ϣ
˹§ס
һҪ̱ˣõܻܵȥʱȻ鲻Խ˵ģƴҲҪ㵱СӡС㶷һӣ

꣬Ҳڽӵ˵ڶ籨
һ¾̱ͷά˺ü󣬶˸һɶ
ģˡ˧˧
۽ǾȻ߳Ứ
Ц˺ͳˣϤǵ˵ѵ˲õĴ飡
ԬҲ˵籨ɫȻûа仯ʡ
һͦվͺͷ磬Ҫǹǹ֣ǿͷˣʲôӳûķݶǵȴ˧


ʮ ж
ҹ絶һӹŵǸ¥ӣǽмƻƵػεҳСطҲࡣѲҹҲǽϰسŵı͸ǼӱǽŶЩɾúϵϴţͷ˳츮ôĹ
ԬټϴĽǸɣи̩ĸ֣վںͷˡ̫䣬û˶ţֻӲͦšֻ·ȥǰ·ʼǺڳûһ㶯ΨһԶԶģų¥ϵЩƻ
ھҹɫûзһ죬̩Ǽٶ̲ס߶ʱѹɤŶͼۡǲ˰ɣúõǹôϱ͸ǰʹ
ԬתͷСׯ˭Ⱛֵϰ壬һϽͷִ̩󺺶˲ӡȴͷЦЦһ԰ơ
ʱ򣬶ͻȻһ΢ĵƻ𣬺źŵǺúĵҪǲϸ˼ͬʱֱͦӣԬһʾ⣬ʮĹǸɶʱɢǶǹֻǹͺƽϺ򽻵ֿǲУ̩⼸ֻĺӶСӣŵ䶼ˡ
ٲҪǰԬȴһסͷֳ̩Ըһóˣ
ʮ׳ʱΧסЦЦҲվˡͿԬԥľٲǰֱߵϣӹ˵ƣڿлȦӡ
ƻȥһʹϤϤ֦֦ѾѾֹ´ӺڰгģһӴźſʿƼ󣬵ڳǰĸ̩ĿڵǵѪҪˣ־ҪѵȴӺһѰס֣ЦЩһûǹأǸүӿġҪӻ
Ԭǰ棬ͬһ̩ʱ溾ʮȻʲôûУɢԶԶķų䡣Ǻ棬ֵСӳһ˹ʽƤӣͷ֪˶ٸ࣬ҹﶯСÿһһǣ಼ͷɫ̲׳Сӡûһ˷
ת۵˺ǰͷ߰ȷľ塣鵱߳ˣһɫ꺺壬һģġٶҲȥˣǿŻȥ·ֻһӵ㣡ѲӪʱҲൽˡʲôҲ֪ʱҪǳʲôӣǷϣҪǶ£
ֻһӻͳƱ͵ݸǸ١پȻ˵һһʮߵʿӶϳ
һߺƹˣһˣĬĻֻǿӡȻһΪŹֵա
֪˶ãٲ꣬ߵЦЦһؼҵ̲ˣӵǹܲܰǶʲô°
嶣һŵҲƹǼӵһۣͷߡ
Ԭһۣһٲ˹ԬվЦŹ֣´ܼңлˣһû뵽ֻϡүû
ľһԬ˸ǧˣ鲻֪ү֧ǹһӵǵգһӵʱжԬˣɡ
Ԭ⹧һǧһ仰׽Ļ˵ˡֻ˺󼸲øЩСȫƹ
׼İʮΪĸ£ʱһӿϣʼжһŴչȥԱ߸̩ѾȲİγСӾͽ˿
һͷĸ˳Ĳǹǹͷǹܵ¡ӵײһƳγεӵ̩ǹЦ춼ϲ£ˣҲʹǹһ죡
ȴƲƲ죺ǶëӵĿǹ˨ýŲ߿
һ̩Ѿޱȵǹ˨һĿųˣ˵ɶ
￴ʽİƣԳֱĶǹ·Сһţֻҡͷû˵
Щոµǹ˹۾ˡյأΧȫǺǹʵǵװܵùˣֻҪǹед̵Ƕ԰һӿȥֻƴжСϵӡ
ȴߵԱߣǲǾǸ˧̫̱ˣԲŻͷ϶ңʲôҲ֪Ƿô꣬ڴ˧߹ʲôãеʱǻ˧֣Ϊ㻹źءȴ˧εĶ飬˧ţڵ£˭ù˧ȥʲô飬㲻װ׸ߴ˧
ֻĬĬţֳһǧת˧һл˧ǹҡСҪ˵ԸԼ飬˲ֲġ
֪˵㣬δЦЦɫеп
ΪһԸϴµһǣ㲻ں
˧ҲںôȻó˺ͺүǹˡ
ЦһͷӺңν֪ҵȷҪٸǹҲҪǹתһǵԸδصó
͵̧ͷĿųֻǼӱĹĵͷǣˣһת桭
ȴ˿ȥһ·λһ·ͷڵĶأôˣҲԼ
ֻǿųıӰ֪ǳֵʱ򣬾ү޵ıʾģĳ̶ֳ˵ǱһҪ̬һڣﵽԼĿĵˣúܲҡ
ɺͷֻЦЦû˵ʲô
ԼʲôϵأͼǣǶǱ˵顣
ģֻǴǼԼǰ

ƽڲڴˣвŪط粨Сͷ
ᳵӣ۵Ľ˱ǡ
͢ʽֵڵ鷿ͷһ綹˶
͢ʽɫţүȴʼϴһ˿΢ЦΪȴֱ۾ݽǣɫסá
֪˶ãΪ͵һӣˣץһǧ̾ңֿһŲź˳츮ϢֻͨҪһʲôıϾ͹ⱱǣʼ£ֻҪܽһǧߣа취Ը򿪱ţүҿʹãôɣжɷУˣ
ƹЦЦʱҲòž뿪ܿͷӾ;㹻ˡųдˣһĸǰȫˣ
ͷ˵Цɶһաǰνıߣǹ̸飬͢ʽͲס亹⿵Ϊֻҧгݡʲôûģ
͢ʽֲһѶͷ亹Ŀźͷޱ֣صʣүӣɿ£һʵ
ͷָ
١
һı
һȻǳУıڴĿУҲǽˡ͢ʽ꣬ΪһҧгݰΣگ飬ˡ¡ֻǸһǲ뿪һǧȥƽأ
ΪһӣɫࣺȥּʱҵѸ¡ŵţ
͢ʽһϺ
ΪȴӦֻɫĿźƽүӣʱǵ׼ҪҲһˣ
ƽɫһ࣬һҾأϺΪ͢£壬ܺĳһ񣡡
Ϊ־ͽס˺ƽĻʱˣǻʵʲôҪģ޷ȨλѡһҪЦ̵һٽȨλȫұУʥһҵ
˵֮Ա߻ɵ͢ʽ¶˾ģͬһվ𣺡ˣܺùøʼƿؾ棬Žһӭ
ƽǺһЦһ˳Ҫ죬Ǿھٻɣλˣ±سɣ

¡ţš
ҵľǵУֻﻹǵɭϣһµ׾ΪɿĸӪפĸӪ̶ӵܣ̷ͬС硣£ȷ˿ɿࡣ̷ͬҲĸӪ񣬶ᡣһµӪͷУΪɿʹҲӦֵľԵϵ
ĸӪάžһ
ĸӪĹͣ¡ΧͰҲƣײ˽̷ͬҲ֪ڱǾڣȥĻǾͲ룡
ʱҲ˲ʲôˡ
һеһУҪŵһϣ
λ֣ƺ˶ܹѡء
׵ضԼȡһ̵УȡѡֻҲᶯİɣ
̷ͬվͥԺУֻǳ˼
ЩӣѾûʲôĺˡеλܣ̱˴룬ǵĻ̻̣Է׷ɡֻɳȥƽҵĸӪͷеõ鲻ϵĴųƱµ󳼣Ҳһάΰĳξ˵̨ܰѡ
һˮΨһʣµģһζѡ
ӸشϢؾƣѾԭ֮ơ£ڳ⣬ÿӵ㿪ʱҲԽԽࡣһƬ̵ֻľȨȫɥʧһ·Ѿ۲۵߾ˣ
ôһأ֪Ҫ̷ͬء֣ĳŲ˶ˣ
̷ͬļױʲվĶšҹﺮˣ̷ͬǶһվϳʱ䡣ǶÿҪˣ̷ͬȴʼһҪż̾ϢһĻΪǾһ
ȵͷͻȻ˽Ųžһ΢Ĺâһʲƿ첽˹ֱߵһ̷ͬһǧȥˣпݡ
̷ͬһŴӳ˼оѡüתʱһʲôͣƬӣ˵ջذݾˣ⻹̣
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žһǹ죬ԶȻ
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ԬſߣͷҲȫԾԾԵ̬ˣδã
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չģƽһ仰Ҳ˵ŴһֱĬȻվ尺ȻǰһУҲǸĻ档
Էң̷ͬһת֮Ҫաҵɱ̷̷ͬͬȥӳ͢ھһ֮Ⱥף޿ƾѾĸ࣬˲ԶɳҴ򿪳ţһӿ룡ҵȽô˾ǣ׻𣡡

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ϢˮһıڿĶԷ
̷ͬĵһӦļӵңԷǧЩӵܣˣ
סԼһȥգűӱ̽ȥԷ̽λرҪȶ¾˵
ֻҪ̷ͬŹؽǹеӵܣ˲˱ǣ
˶˳ȥ̷֮ͬԺͷתȦƽԼʱЩ̣ͬڿΣʱԼң
粽ĸ̷ͬߣûʲôġҲûסԼֵܣ
Ļҿ޺סĴڸĸʲһɫҰףסпǹ̷ֻͬ촽ǿվһ
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һʲҲƵܹͨϢ̷ͬһתͷ󲽾ӭ˳ȥûȳͥԺͿ㡢ʡʵȼԼΪĸ£˹ÿ˶ͷ󺹡
ЩѾûɰ죬⼸¾ȥЭάôһǵĻʱҺ˶ͬʱ˹ԭҲûʵʱһӿλȻһ̷ֱ֧ͬţűǵĴһеֽţ
̷ͬԶͿʼ󺰣ô죿֪꣬ôģﻹǹ˫ڽ𡭡ǹе¾ʰۣ
̷߽ͬݺݵĵһۣҵ̽Ϣûд㲻Ҫ˵
ʵҲǴֽŲı䡣ӵܣǹôʰˣôܼµõǹģ
˽̷ͬΧĴʣô죿ô죿
̷ͬŬסִϢڳҪסǣϽţɳ֣ҪסǾƣ̳û̳ң׼͵ظɱ
ţҳһˣ˳츮ۣŵӪڲ֪ɢ˶٣ά־򣿡
̷ͬȻҸһӪ⼸˵ǸɣܾһЩӪۣǼҲͷ˵׸֮µĵģҲôҪƽϢһ·һ·߳аգ̷ͬڣǾͰ̩ɽ
̾һ̷ͬҲ˵һʲȥ
ʱ̷ͬɳȥ̽Ѿ˻ҲƵĳ˽߰˸̷ͬʹǧˣǽһĽפǰӪǹΧǵӪͷǹڻǡ˭Ҳ֪֧ŶáҪӪͷҲǽð࣬Ǿʹ²ˣԷפɱԮ
һ֣ڳ˶һٲҪҲͣѾԶȶˣ̷ͬЩһµıҲ޿Ƕ֡Ҫǽ̺¾ȥӣ
ڳԺвӹͬͷⳡ£߾һǽͳݻ٣ٱҲ顣ºһɽƲԾģѾΪıǣ޿֣Ҳ鷳ԷĴһ³ҪˣڸĳĶ֮ʣ˭ں
˵Ŀһ¶Ͷɫ̷ͬ
ô죿
̷ͬɫãȴ͵һ֣ǣȥ飡ߗҵȥѲӣŲǣʱԷһϢ
Ŀ̷ͬһֱۣȭȥеֵҲһ£ѵ
̷ͬĻ֣ڻȷ̺һҪ
һȴڲϵķ׷ʣ֣ѵΪ˴ҵϧԾǰѳ᣿ְ֣Ļô


ʮ Ѫɫ۶
춯ʮ֣ųһݶӻʻ˳۵ˮ
Ǵæƴģһ·ϴϺêִ̾ϵļ롣һȫյʱйĽʱչֳ˾޴
˳ȥǳսµĺۼδȫۿڵΪ˶õƴըһ룬ں¶֦᾵Ĳ֫С̨שݣδȫʰϣ·͸һЩѪɫ
Ժڣİ
һվڽ˳ֵĴͷԶƽɽ¹ȥǳս½ʼֱĩաƽɽϵΪӢл磬Զȥ¼ʮһˣŵǸʱ򣬲ܺ˭ҲὫԶ档
ƽɽͷããһƬ趯ƺӢϣһʾ⡣
֣û̫Բ顭Ӣ鲻ԶӦͬҵɣѾȡ·һˣоԵġԺµĵ·ӵļѣ飬ӣܲôҰһ
һĿĬĬף
̧ͷµѾ˧λ̫̫ǲǰ˳
ģ֡һǶԲסһô飬һŮս
һĬĬ档
ֶСѾͷûнϺȥһ·˳ץʱ䣬Щ걳˫ܵίȫֻ
ԾҲʵԷ֡ȻӳƣڴϵתȫȻһСôûһʱ򡣺һżŵʱü۵ġһµ˧ڴѹСӴӴʵҲ̫һЩ
ΣҲýˡ˫СŮȻãȴжҵ
ָۿڵêŻҪӵ㣬ǲǽȥһ
վһԶĵطһ˫СûǱԼϽ飬ԴӻԺ󣬾͵ûһ¶Ҳ㲻һķա⽭˳ϣ⼸ΪľˡʲôʱգܿվڲԶĵطվñֱĬĬغһİȫҲ֪Сǲǲ˯
һͷתûϢͷʱһָǰͷ˧Ŵǹˣ
һ̧ͷһȻһСˮ֣ͻͻ翪˿˹ͷݺСվֱͦͦĳ￪ȿ˳Ӱʱڴͷžһʹ
һ̲סЦСӵ
ˮСת֮Ϳ˽˳ֱϿ˳ҲٶȣǻˮԱ
Сפأϵĸ״ӽԱսƺ׳⺷ˡݲ˵ųƽŷɣǸԲӣԭǰӰϴװ壬Ǵ˸ѥҪװͨ
һЦǰ񣺡ʲôﻵˣ
Ц˧뱱ǲһԶǲǣܲЩһڱ֣ŶģΪ˧ŲϽأڲȵ˧ĻݣǰЩӣɰ˼ðצĵģ
ǹһ£ˣ籨
˵һƼ˧ϲˣ磡˵žʹӻͳһĳֽ÷ʵˣ˫ֵݹܵ磡Ŵ˵ǣ̬תˣͷתѾ˧¸ҷģû͵һۣ
һһ³ҪǰʱҲ˵һЩ֣ԽԼھȻ׷˳תһʲôֵ飡
־ͽǺһֽ˹һۣתͷͽԼķգЩ˶ͷ
ͷתȥĳµ¼򣺡ôӺôûʲô޷ɣӣǲ컹Ǳ说ŵת
µ±Цõúܣ̫̫õúܡʲôҲû֡һͬţ˧ױӪͳģ֣µҧرء
Ȼһɫ˭ϵãҪˣ
µֻǱЦ˵ǹŹֵĿһۣ˸кģŴ˧ǣȥô
һ˶ͷģֲһ˵ȻͿöࡣһЩʲڵĻսȴ˵
ɫѿһۣӸŴ˧ˣ˵˵ʲô㣿
ֻ˵ϾݸһЩҵһڵͳơ¾Ĳ˵һЩֻ˱Ͽź仰ŤͷǸʲôʹ壬ڶձͶʱˣģƤҪúôţ
һǽˣǽĹ¾޼ңڸмɣ
лѥ춯һһ˳˸ϽƼһɫãҪùͷ
һȷá
ϣҪһ
Ǹڵ籨ڽ緢ͷǹзӯ졣ǺͳǵϵȫжϡǾŽգһж·ǸϽһʱ䷢ʢθҵתͷ֪ģһ籨֪ͷѾһĵ籨׷˳мתѾɼӼÿ֪ˣѾʲôӣ
ʱǲԼǰɲģһѾȥ롣ӺɷֻгǰȥǽûϢ
ΨһҪ飬Ǽӿٶȣֱ˱ǣ
ͷݣǲ֧ӼûУ
žش˧ǲ֧ԵһЭΪǸɣܼǧˣ²߹ɽһѾȫϣֻǾҪʱ伯УЯеĵҩҲͷһ롭һ칦׼ȫ걸˴˧ޣ
һһӲ´ˣڲҪˣĵҩҲˣͷǴǾҪԺ½ǡ³ġߺ죬ǲ֧Ҫִﱱǣ
ʱװһҹʱ塣Ȼ´ٸ϶ټʮصһ͸ʱ䣡
˧
˧
ݺǲԼͬĿڣһȴݺݵĴǣɱǵıĶȥˣּۻôȥһȥһǵˣ³ߣӵѥҪϽͷ
ǰûһ˵ˡȻÿ˵񾭣һȫ
һһͷ֣ͷһһģһСŮǵСͰ͵վǶ
һ¿˫̥Сϵãһڱ檵ʱع说ǰҫҲȻ֪˫̥СŮһ뾩ǻһ׶ʱͿеǶԣʱ̾˧۹ȷǸߵˡȻҲ֪˫̥СŮ˭ƺʹ˧һЩ岻ĴԡĵĽô
ǶʱתͷɫڵøһͷŤ˿ȥµȴͷƺڶš
ȻͬŰ
һݵ˳Դǡ
ݿһ˧ñ´Ӱɡ֮Ҫա
¾ǰôܲȥȡ
һһĻֶ֣˹үСź
Ůսôһ纮˪ȻСŮһ·ģ˭еӳŻƺźɱһָһ
˫̥СŮűӣҪ˳ֲҡǰһѾǸ㣬һЦ¶ŰڴʲôʹóĺүˡҲֻеͷ
һҲ˵һԶƮĻƽɽͷ֣ҼʱϵԸͳ˵ܹŵõ

ѾȥԺӵУȴȻΧ̷ͬԺоͬ뷨
ѵ紫˵һڱصӦֵΪվԼãôΪʲôҪ̾
ͷһֱڹķҲδûһֻҪ˾е˽ҡ̷ͬĺһԼôžܱסѣǴҲûھѪһƬΪµǰУ
Ҷ˵ֻǿ̷ͬȥڵСҲΪʢ̲סڣ
̷ͬһվͷĿеĻȫ˻ȥ
ûкһԼԷ£Ҳ֪ô£һĺ̺ıͼǣⶦһ̷ͬһڣҲݣ
̷ͳ˵꣬˶ѾȻסһֱԱ߲˵˵ʲôŤȥ
̷ͬ˵ôѪ𣬾Ѿ޿ɱˡ
ǻѪϣͼγ£Ϊʲôߵɽˮ֮ǴһʼǾѾˡ壬Ѿ˿ûпȴ
ԵʱͻȻִ˸춯ҵߣԽԽ졣֪жˣڳۼЩ˺ԽԽ룬ͱһ仰̷˻ң̷˻ң
Ժͷ˶һžͿʲɱǧˣǰգڳＯУ˱ǡ˵ǲǽǸϿ
̷ͬһ𣬺ȵϿʲô˵վ;ٲֱȥ
һſڣͿͷӿӿľͷʣӪԵĹ͡һǧٱŵĽΧס泯ͷ˶ȫװҲˣӿ˳ȥά
ЩٱͷϰաͷǹȻ糱ˮһţѾҳһҲơϵŵĶǾǲӪĺſҥѾˣӪңҪ˱ǣ˹ҼҹѾҵ˼˭Ҳ֪ǵ˵׽
ҵУͻȻ뵽ر¡šͿʼЯ׵ӿȥƺԱҵĵطת۾ԽӿԽ࣬ӱǵ˷ＯУָЩһֱάž̷ܸͬһָ
̷ͬһֱ۶ʱ˳ӵĸ߿̷˻ң̷˻ңȺǰƴӵţʿƴվŲǰеľѾ಻סͷҳ飬ǿ޺һƬѾڵ£֮⣬˿ҳģ
̷ͬվſڣֻӯԼֱУܹҵɾ񣬴ΪԼǸʱŸоԼ϶Ҳһʼһĵ·棡
·Ѿеߵ˾
ᣬþƽ󺰣һỤŴһűǣλ
лˣ˭˵ʲôվ̷ͬߣԼֵģԼ˼ʮıǱǰģͬӯ̷ͬļͷ˳̷˻ỤŴһỤűǣλϣ
ϰ֮ˣһȣֹعӦ̷ͬߵĸʲҲӦ˹ͨʡɤŴ󺰣̷˻ỤŴңλ
Ⱥڽٳǰһ˫˫۾Ͷվſڵ̷ͬˡ֪˭һ̷ˣǾŴү
֪˭Ȱ̷˻ңүң
˶ݵڵأ캺ѹѹһƬҶͬĻ¡ΧһƬĺ
߸߾˫ֱȭҾ̷ͬﺬᣬͬȭҾȺɢһЩ׷ϯ¡ȵҲȺȻγһխխĺͬ˽ʬ̧˳ȥ
ΧŵʿҲеǹ˶󺹣ĬĿǰһУҲסͷվҾ̷ͬ
ƽ
ȼˣ̷ͬߣʱƺ³һÿ˶ĳԼ̷ͬӪٹȥӪͷ̺ϯó֮ңǷɢһ㡭жٴ۶٣ûͷʳɢǶ١ǧҪάסˣ˵ȥգǵĸϵ
ӪĬȻȥҲ̲סһ̷ͬ䣬һ˳ǣԷפ֧ţٵȥԮǻˣܱסһǰƽ
̷ͬͷѪ˿۾ݺݵһۣͿ軰ڻܵȥôǽ̺ٵȥȡʤƽңǽ̺˷Ŵ˷ô˶һȥ̷ͬǵжΣܳȥһһˣҾۿţٹӢۣ׻԰ʲô
ʿѾ̺ʳʼȺɢʱ򣬰ǵҲĺáͷͬ۹ʱЩøΪҪ֮ҡڵϣǽĬĬţ۾һ˲Ҳ뿪̷ͬվǶӰƺǹڻһĴ֪Ѿһ𣬿ȴǰұ죬ֻڵȴˡ
ʱ̷ͬһŵǴϣ
̷ͬԾôһʱ⬼˳ֿʼеɧžͿʼӣ˷׷վ˿ʼ˽ͷӶĴʲôԭĳ棬һҺˡ
һЩʿ⼷ȥ׷ʲô顣Ҷһͷջ˸ҳ£һǹ˵Щʿȥ֮󣬲һ˻ڴߺŰæά򣬽аóһ·̷ͬҲͣ˶ֻվ̨·ȥ
ʲôˣ
߽Щʿһӡе㲻ޣȴǲ֪롣̷ͬҲڿˣ߰˸ŻɫĹͣټ㾫׳̫࣬һڵСÿ˶ɫֻ̣ﻹŸɫĳǹ率һ·ĩҲŵǹǺ
һˣںݣһ㹣һϻӡ
ǿΪ
ƣ˶ˡһ򻯰Ĵּ顣ڳˣ޲̷֣ͬ뾩ú԰װ˭֪԰ͷɴ̷ܲͬҲͲ鷳ʲôʱˣ԰ͷ˳ּ
̷ͬڰ֣һʲȥǰĶɢһ·̷ͬվ̨ͷΪȭϺѵּ⣿ʲôʱˣ԰ͷ񣿡
Ϊߵ̷ͬʮĵطҲͣ½ŲЦµűƹ壬ҳ԰ɱ԰ͷǧѺеĻ𣬶ʱɢ˼٣ʣĵģǹϽҳ̨պˮһȫǺġòˣϼûֵʣ̷ܲ͵ȥһ԰ӣ
̷ͬһЦΪ¸ּ⣿ϺϺ̫󣬳ڣǾ̩ɽ֮ھȫ֮СϺֵٵٱأȥϡ̫̫ͲȫּˣʥּϺҲ԰ӰɣʡûϺ̫
ΪЦΪСּּǻ̷ֵˣԷҵЩһĶ飬ˣ̷ʲôʱӭţϺ׼ʱ䣬𢣡
͵ĳϻӣȡʥּһһչΧ˿޶Ŀñ
̷˵ԷҵģһҵѴ飡һ̹ᣬд治֮¡̷ͬΪʲôԼߣȥƽңǺξģҪ̺һǵ۶Ϊҽ¶̷ͬʯԷ٣ĺ䶾ҲΪʲôȥƽң㸴ƽңǴڼΪʲôֽճţûϵԼѣԼȥһ·
ȺĬһ£ʱ·һ¶񡣽žǺһըΧӿͷʱ󻩣
̷ˣΪʲôȥƽң
˵Ļţʲô̹ͬң̷ھΪӦѵģ
Ϲ۾
˳ţӲҶۡðԼڰ˴ҪңеŮ潣
ɣɣ
ǣǣǴ˺˵
ŰȺַȫ˫̷ֳͬƹȴ޺ţҪ·ӳȥղŻмʿɢľ̺ʳһ˻ʿٶȽǹȸղŸҪǱֵĵֵŰǵĽȡȸղŸʮ
̷ͬĿɿڴվ䡣
ģǾ
һôŬ˫ִӴȫŬĨһɶʱ򣬸Ҫˣڳ棡
һʱ䣬ʲôҲ粵ʲôҲΧҡЩüңԶ
˰ɣ˰ɣ
ΪԼΪ͢һ
žһһǶصĴ̷ͬϡǿһȣѪ¡ȵѪѹץһŭվǰ
Ӻɷ򣬼ֵˣˣûϢˣʲôҪȾȫǰգ㵹ˣȫˣססƣ
̷ͬתͷãȻĿǰһƬңŽ֧ţס˵Щʿ١ҲڲסĻͷвҺɻ󡣻վԶһֱ΢΢ЦĿΪ
͵һ˫ۣȣҲҪңǳãϷּɱƽң
þƽ̷ͬ˳ȥҲɤŶߵĸʲҲɤŶ¾ҲɤŶǰʿڴǳƽңҪٳײˣ
Ⱥٶƽ˫ĿͶ΢΢̷̷ͬͬȭȺһҾҾҾһȥû
ѻȸ
̷ֱͬйӪ٣ӪӪȥԷһӪ˸ſȥ԰ӡʣµˣչ˺İաӪ
һ´ĻһҪһ̺Էգ֣㻹ϾȫһЩ
ϺģҲ֪ǲΪòҲǼȥȻƤҲһʲô飬ʱرǡȫҪˣôʱȫɧңûǣѾǲһ
Ļû˵Ҫ̷ͬӪǣڳʵһ̹ʧȥһĵƾ裬ʱʲôάֲסˡ
̷ͬͷһȭλˡ
תͷΪһЦϺˣֳЦ磬һá
岻Ľ󵶵ݸ̷ͬΪҲֻǲɫĿ̷ͬ𳯷ǰ󣬺ݺһһƬڿΪǰ
ˣӴǲˣߣҲ뿴㣡
˵գתڡ
Ϊֻվ΢΢Цӭ˳޵Ŀ⣬̾ϢţҲգһֱ㸴Ϊƽ֪㲻ӿĳΪѣڿĳкμɣһգҵģ


ʮ Ѫɫ۶
ͷƣΧǹûиͣٵʱ
͹ҳ˴СС߰졣ÿҳǹһǸӪͷȻڲܲ˵кŵꡣǲͣһֽӲ
ôãΧѾĶǻҩ綼״ɢ
ԬںͷԿЦ
үӾͨһӪͷͱƵǶáϺ൱֮һף̫˽رصЩһµĺϱ̬ˡ
¾ǡǱط̵ֱ֮ڣΧļڳ˻ҩͰ¾ͱǹһ죬ٿȻǹǸǲֻҪǹͣͲϵķǹ׳ֻҪӵףͲͣʱ
ھôһͨҴ򣬽ȫʲôҲˡͨϢ
ԬſںͷѵõڳǰЦˣôǺã㿴Ҫʲôʱꣿϼ֪͢ûˣӵۣ
ûĿһۡԬзӣҰĲĳǰ塣Ц˵˵һԬҲһʱ֡
Ҫӵ꣬Ҫ˹ѹӪֹͣ𣬺ȡ磬óһ˵ЩһкǴҰսĵӡ
̷ͬԬ˵һ
ҡҡͷҵԸȥҲԸ̷ͬȰȡᰡµľǣˣ̷ͬȴûڳģպĶ̫ˣʮ꣬ǰƵģʲôǵˣ
̩Ӻͷ˹ǵ׳һʼӵӿ֮е㺦£ڼںͷֱܣһ첻ߵģ
ԶԶģɤŶ󺰣ˣǸҲлӳˣҪǴȥ
һԹԵַںͷԶ⿴Ϻ֮һʼͳһ鲻ˬ˼㡣
ŨصĻҩ̴ɢһЩ͸ԶƺԿԶԶңӰʮƥǰ棬ʿǷƴĳƨɡЩʿͷǸ̳ƺж鳯￪
ǳһҧû˵ϸٹ۲һӡԬͷˡ
̷ͬôôɵһһԬҲɫȻһϣȫؾ档ô̷ͬŲסԬĹҲҪۿۡʵںף̷ͬҲǱˣôͿã
ȴɫüͷҲǵĻˡ˭Ҫȫֿǡܿҳİ죡ᣬܴҪպͷȡʱ䣡
Ԭһ˳˼ںͷһͦˣȥ
ﳯһЦǣԴڴ˧£Ѿ㹻ˡǽе飬Ҽֵѡ񣬶Ҳ˵鲻Ϊ˴˧ֻǴ˧ѡһ棬Ҿô˧еʱһɵѡȻҵѡҲȥĻ˧ƾ͵ճ˵δ͵̫ˡϴ˵ʲôţнˮС͵ôˣǣ㽫ǰ;һ仰еʱҪ̫ˣ
ܶ˵ôӵĻǼ亱οԬôһ;ŬĳϵȦͷˣ
ԬҲ΢΢е㶯ݣںͷ
ңңԣֻи̩󿴿ҿ֪λ˵ʲô
ʱһһţ̫ƫȥֻǾĿգʱ䡣ô㣬Ҳ֪ܶҪر棬ɲ⣬ͷȴֻôһʵ꣬һǧ֮⣬֪ʲôʱܸ
ǹѾ֪ͣЪֻӪżһǹ죬Ļ̫бա
Ԭһۡ
ͬʱſںͷΧŨصʱѾɢòˡԿǸӪͷѾդͷͬŸɫԶ￴еĻһĹٳָƮİָָ㡣
ٺٵЦһԬ򣺡ӵİɣ
Ԭһ˵ʲôȴûһԾ־ȥβڱһ졣ͷŵĽӵܿ߶򣬶ֱӿˣ
һۣʵţſзˣӴǳȥ
ʿƺ˳Ҫʲôʱмͦ𣺡ˣȥ
֣ȥ˭ϵǣشжʱ˷ѣӹ
˵ѾУЦһҲдһ죡
̩ѾԱֱһ죺ñִ죡
һһЦǾ߰ɣ
ͷ˶ֱӣų󲽿ֱȥǵ婣̩ȥӳȥʱҲһȡԬֻץԶĶס档ͬҲһǹ
žһǹ죬һӵͦ׼ڸ̩ķվű߾ͽ̣
ͷ˶һʮ֧ǹת棬ǹ˨ϡﻩۿҪ
Ԭ͵˺˭Ҳû뵽ôһֵӣȻôǿıͷſ˫þƽǹ
һͷҲתĿǹ
˶ûпһȻܹŤ
˶ס˺ץвǹͷȥһȥ̩ĸߴӵڳﳯķ򣬽ĸ
ľӪͷüĶƴҡţƺڴҲǹһЩǹӵڳ˵Ľűߡ
ɳ͸̩ûһ¡
ƺǿɵˣҡĴһ㶯ûСŷӦƿդӭһٴе
˳ˣӪǹŽ
ȻһţһӵʯͷϷСȶӣѪʱһѥӵġ̩ѪһۣҲ˵ʲôֻǸ
ʲôʱǹͣЪģѾûעˡֻǿŶӭǶӶͷŵļĹģˡ
û̷ͬ
ˡ
Լ׻жʱ䣿
ļĹѾʼҲǵһξֳ棬΢΢е
ǺˣҵͼΪΣ
һ󺰳ǽıܲı˧ؽƨңҪʲô㣬ҲǴЩˣǣЩͿ쵰ôͰһĸ˳

ú԰
԰ͷԴǹǴ֮Ҳͳˮһ㡣εĶϴ̷ͬûҪ
̷ͬϾǴ󳼣Ҫܲ٣ٻиߡٵΪѹݡһ̻һ˭֪ʲô
ú԰һǧٶ࣬Ψ֧νû˳Կնġӵʵ̫࣬ϸǮĲʹһ˽һʵܲൽСǧһңʣµĻ֪ûа˰٣
̫๬ŮͬıϷ԰ͷԤȹҺõӲ֪ж١ûһеˣֻûͷӬƵĵҴܡ
»Դ˵̷ͬϷүƵסϷүֽţϢϰ˵Ӣܹܵץ׳̫໤Ҫ׼ӳ׼ϷүѣҥԴټ϶ۿӢܹ԰ͷܻĶߣǸܲ˸ӵĻɢ
ú԰ͷ߰Ķ·ϣŮͷ棬̹ĴлµϾǹеĿⷿӲҿˣԿ̫ڽŶܡĵ˾ԱŽ˭ȥ
ͷҲһĳš
ǹ𣬾ǴҿʼԼϣŹԣرʲôϢֻǶţź̫๬Ůǣ˵ûܣҲûһڴྲɭϵķȣվվѾ£һɫ̵˽ֻɫҰ׵Ŀϣһ仰Ҳ˵
˼ٵĽŲžͿӢͷ󺹵˽λܹ̫ѾܶñӣͷӲ඼ɢˣҲ˲ʰһ¡ɤŶͳŴػϷүʰˣץŴģҲղôݳʹ˶һСڲۣ׼̧ĻͣҲѡûĵģаЩ׳̫࡭ϷүҪ͸Ͻ𲽰ɣ˭Ҳ֪ٵһץŵЩˣʣ¼
Ӣûд磬ֻʵţûУ
Ӣֻɳȥ̽Ϣ˻رűյأ̷ͬûģһ׻ˣϷүһǸҲǣţﻹϷүͷѾ˰һһԷһˣūŻϷүߣٸࡢѲܶˣĸʾ˵ҲָϣҪ̷˵ûãѸʾ飿
ϾȻ¶һοɫӣ𣺡ӷ𣬳ŻûͺáֻҪ̷ͬǣһܳŵùȥ
̫͵һͦĿӢȥ̷˵ˣϢûУ
ӢֻǶţϷүǸ鳼ʹأϷүİΣҪοɲһˣ
һ齷֣ŭػ
֮£ӢʶľͨһϷүȥ˻ˣ¡ͷѾɽ˺ôҲ£͵ͷˡٻͷʱǿǸΪż̫࣬ŻϻӾͽȥˣ˵Ǵʲôּ
仰һ׹̫ǿŵһϾɢˣʻʵۣӣǰֳˣ
ҲԶƣһվųļָףôʾˣ׼ֵǰʲô۵ӣҪ̽ȡ̷ͬٱ̫ŵĹЩ˾͸ɵôҪ̣Ҫ̷ͬŪȥȨλһǷֻˣҲֵô˵̷ͬû˽ģԼǰԼ飬ȻһǽܰˣǸʱԼͷҲԸҪߵĹ٣ȨҪǣһӸ̻ûʵץͷʲôˣ
Խ˵Խ죬Խ˵Խһͷֱ¶ϵǧ֡˵ˣЩǿźʹĹŮ̫ǣĵֱͷһԺһãٲعˣҲܷ򣬰ӣ
֪˶ã㰲һŵڣֻ̫ź괭ӢѾͨ亹ֻǰһ󷢺ڣҡҡ׹
ûˣھָ챣ӣ̷ͬܶһӡӢҪץˣǲߣǱ
ƽһЩķԸԼľӢ͵̧ͷȥǶ
һۣȥĶֱѾҳǾץٰ˶飬һõıûУһĴ󳼶ûУҪûһڣ뻹ܹ٣ܣôһ£ܵʰƵۣһָˣ˭ǣЩһһ߷һ߶ڴŶôȥ籨ӭһļݣأǹ¼ҹ˵ĳ߶ܣ˻ǹˣû˻ܣӢģ
˵һ仰ӰҲҡҡ׹Գޱɥ̬ظһ䡣
Ӣģ
ӢѾȫû⣬һڴΪƿ£͢쾭顣ǹ£ǴĶ֡Ȼϱһ󻼣̷֮ͬǰƹһӡǱʶܾôӦԼʮˣ군ֻҪԸ֮ͳɡ
˭Ҳû뵽ô죡һֱǿŵĻƤȻô׵ı
ͷ̣̫ܶѾմɽ죬ޱߵĺڰҪҵıǡڣѾֻʣʧǵһһ͡԰ͷָڣһ𣬾һϳĿ޺
һУˡ
Ӣ̧ͷʧǵʵϷүǲȥ
һ仰ͻȻðԹ˹âûлʵۣȥжǮһʵ۹ȥǲõıǮܸһģߣˣȥǸĻʵˣһߣ˭Ҳʹ죬ҲһӲʹ죡ǸʵۣһʵϲǲǸӣǲЩӱŶʵۻС꾫ţͰİ˳˾֪Զҵģ
ӢѾˮϴһ㣬һ仰Ҳ˵ֻĿͷȥ

Ѿ̫Ѿɽ档ǵеĻңȻǼά֣ȴԽԽҵļơͷѾǵð˳ھǸŲѪ⡣ԽԽڳ¡ۼƺǾΪȫĵطڽֱ»ɻ򿿣ľȻĿǰһС
ԷͷǹѾֹЪǾǶ棬ֿʼǵǹĸҲ̫ƽˡ
̷ͬͷ󼸰ٱߵĸʲҲİˡЩ඼ɳȥھۼȦ䣬ֹ˽û١
ֻʮʲټߴ粽壬Уŷַһʳ
ż̧ͷֻﶼǺѹѹͷһһѵľţֵ̿ĵȴźڰĽ١
ʱ̧ͷȥԽԽƵ߽ʵֵܣʲô
̷ͬҡҡͷɫеãȻԷͷǹͣˣϢûر뵽׷ʲôˡҪǴֵĶе£ܶԾδãҲñ˰ɣ
ЦЦҪֵܵĶǶͷſİɣǾ㱣ˡⱱŪ˵Ҳһܲˣ
̷ͬǿһЦһ̹壺磬Ŵְ
˵һǶֵôҲ˭ȥ
̷ͬ˵ˣĿĬĬף
һˣǾͿǰɣ̷ͬһϧƣ֪ʲôʱͻҲŲȥˣ

ŲԶǸƽլͷƽҹɫվڸߴҲĬĬ¿šȦӣѾƽլӣ˲ϵĳӿȻ̷ͬѾûмˣԽ࣬鷳ࡣԷǱߵǹѾƽϢ˿һӵˣϾֻö󣬾ָӵǳǽ˭Ҳ֪᲻ᷢʲô
˶ޱ飬ȴڷ
Ȼᣬǻ˶Ѫʮ׼ҵӪɣһҲ
ƽĺôˣȥʮ꣬κ˶͡ڣѾҲ̲ȥˣ
ǱգͻȻԶԶģмССǷҡϣըĻ𡣺ƽһץסĸ첲ʵ㿴ûУûпɣźŲǣ
ʱھǵ棬ԶҲεССգըɫ̻̻ÿһ𣬶ӳͷʹƲ㡣
۾ȫĹâһ̣Ǹ͵˹ܼҲҲӰ·Ƕʮǰ֮ΪμҲڼȭţ鱱޵ֵľ֣
ӦԼˣھͿǵˣ
ã̧ߣŻʹ׳̫õĴҲը̻
ӭԼӪӴ۵ĳҲ̻
ںͷȴųϢԬµĽӵҲ̻
ǰ̷ͬҲ̧ͷճյĿε̻
ǰ飬Ҳ̻
ƽ͵תվڸߴŽ±ǹӵﻹֱ֧ǹһֱھȺӵܣȥ
ɱ


ʮһ Ѫɫ۶ģ
̻ڱ棬ԶྩʮأĲʮĲ̷࣬ͬǵڱŵڽԶĲࡣ
ʱ򣬳ѾӴʵĺ˿һӵ㡣
ս棬ʱ÷ɿ졣˾ŵʱǹʼԷӪ𣬵ȵҵȼ˴ӪԮϹʱѾӡǴסƣһӵȥðӵŰǽͷʱɫѾڣ
ļ١ۿźƽĴһڽȥԼȵһذӡž̷ͬﲻ֪ʲô죬ȻƾǾƵӪ˳Ѿ¾㱸ƽʱԷ
ͬҲ뵽ˣƽڳⶨȻнӦˡ̱ңΨһɵľ̷ͬЩıšֱô̷ͬɳȥƽҵıܿƵĵǷǳ֮ޡڱ⣬뼯ٴʦִʦ㶼ɣֻҪ̷ͬɵֻҪ֧ΪȺ׶ɥʧֻҪŴ򿪣
ȫݽľƣ̷ͬˣɵ֧ӱǿ֧ţټͷ֪ͷͨ˼ӪͷֻҪڴ̷ͬɵѾǵϢһ룬Ƕʱôɢľ棡漯ȴ̴˳ǣӦϣǾΪѪľ棡
һףΪ˱Ľô
֪жʱʣ
һͷԼݡҪϺ̷ͬȡ磬̷֧߳ͬûʲôϸΪ˱ǵİҲʵĸǣ͢Ѿ군ˣһҹ̸ڱصҪģӦ̿ƾƣϵسǡס̷ͬסھһ֮ǰҪ
ǶԷĻӦȴӵһͷջ
վƵˣ̷ͬĸ¡񡢿ʺڡտĺеΨΨŵŵΪᣬʮͷô⡣ǵҲһӹܱؾơ͢óӣضóӣ۾˶ס
ھƷң̺ͽ֮ķֲҪʾһ䷢Ĺطӡţ֤ǵݡȻ׻رϢ󱨾飬Ҫ˳ڰģ˵ǽƿؾơһһָǺã
˵Ҫ֤ͷԱߵĿʺھͿʼˣһ˵˵ǾǼӱļв塣ûӣѳĴ󳼣ʶ˶ࡣټһǹľܹе㲻ģʽĹطӡţóˣһƻûɰǲǼٵģ
ЩľٸǴ۵СۡЩһı󲿷ֶ˧䣬ѾֵԶԶǶԴ徭֮Ԥڣôһ׷׵ıؿ֧ŵڡǽ⼸ǧ֮Ҫ̣ҪסôһǣѾ׽Ƽ⣬ټҳӣҲͺˣҪ̷ͬЧķһʶ£˵⼸ǧˣɢ˸⣡
һۣһӵ㣬ﻹע⵽ˣһӵ㣬˾ûһȽѾͣϢر̷ͬ
ҹɫѾ
λΪڻʱôԷۼųǧıǴʶľԼڰȫĵطˣȴ룬̷ͬڲڹһڱͷǿԳȥҲǾŵǧҲȴűźȻûʱˣûʱˡٵȴȥˣҾͻȥԼĵֱ֣ŶȥҲȳŴͷ򿪵ʱ򣬻üȥ̷ͬĶౣһЩˣҪǸҿǹ赲һԥĴӴȥ
˵󣬳͵һӣǳǴ
һʢˡҲһδ̷ͬ³Ʒ棬ʺͬ־涼е㴹ͷɥ£Сͷ¶顣ȴȻ²ġɫĶǶӵζܲסҲһվңڵδ֣Ҷһԣ
һЦٲͳߣСȶһһʹĻҲðͷŰɡ̷ͬǾ뱱ĩ治֪˿޺ûЦáûʱǶϻˣ
ֱˣ
һֱųߵĸ̩һºڳ󣬴˻ȥӿ˭ңôһӣ㣬ÿ˶䶼죬ǰºȵúˮ֮ƣһһƨɾͷ
վſڵĸʲٶ޴վſڣųһȳһյ߹ûȥһ¡£Щǲ֪ôǺˡ
ҾĬĿųߵ⡣ŵʱ̸õļªͷ̻ȽȽ𡭡
̧ͷĿǰһУһֱǹſǽͷﶯʿǣҲ׷վҲͬĴ̧ͷڱ˷̻źš
ƺֻǶ̶һ˲Լ˳Ӿ˷뾩ôԶĵطܻ۳ˣ֪ж˾ۼһ
̣Ҫ˳ˡ̷ֻͬվһЦ
ֱպϺһ
ͷǺͼҲ˳ɫҰ׵ĿǰһУΧһСתͷǣҪȥˣܾȶ٣Ƕ١ĻҲҪܻǸţҲҪӵǰ˧ڱصЩģģ뽫ڴ˧ǰи͸ӣŽķΣѣ峯Ѿˣ

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ͬû⵽Ѿ͵Ľ˵ڵϣֻڵϽ̧ͷѪҹɫзɽǱһ鴤ŵءڽֿھļʮʿһǹУͬʱ򵹣
ǰеһѾٶȣſԿһӰԺǽǴլӵӿȵŵȼ˵ĻҩǰؾըƺǺڰɫĻ⣬µľ񣬻ȼײײĵܣĻͷӵХŴͷӹȺѾըѣ޺ܡڽֵͷ˼ˣײˣ˲ˣǽײţҪܿŽֵЩ
ͷܴӭǶȥǣһŵڵ굱еأ˶еѪаߡʬһһڽֵͷЩһ£಼ͷͣٵĳƹеѾǹϣһһѶǹϵŻ࣡
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͵ıһֻץʮʲǰһеߡû⵽Լߴ򣬴ţҲߣѳЩձգ
ֻץסһֱֱ֮ڣӵವͷХǰЩʲסڵءֻĸѪĸ˻þһƴĺϴš
ץӽֵˣֽ˹ĺʲôҡԼʲôûǰζģǸղͻجһľ
žһǰƣصĴϡžһŭֵܣֵܣҪסҪıƽңҪŵֵܹǵүǶָأ
Ӿ˼ʱŻص̷ͬϡ
Ŀ޺ǹӽײŵָʶĵһƺҪȫû
̷ĳԾǰգ̷ͬվﴷض㡣ʱѾ˵˵뷭ǽ׷ӵǽͷ죬ǽͷЩգ
󺹣ץ̷ֵͬܣ籣ǣȥ
̷ͬȻһЦ磬ֵѾΪˡҺûûֵĻ壬޿ȣֻ򾩳飬ҪⰮ¾޼ѳᣡ
弱еҡļ򣬼ڴ𣺡а취ģֵܣǶˣһа취ģ
̷ͬɫҰףָܣǹ𣬸лͷҵıһֱǿ֧ά֣ĹǴû֪ǵѾң˵дӦԼ˳ǣϾǱľ棡ȥǣôȴ˰飿
·ҪӦĻƵģѾ˿ҵĺ̷ͬȥ̷ͬȥ̽̽
ȥǸҲѾиĻͷð𡪡½ֲ߻˴θʮĺƽпԴƣֻǸӵܡǸСǱȻûӵִı£Ҳھݻɧң
޺еԽԽ󣬵һ𣬾˿񱩵̨磬ϯ
УѾǵһľ
̷ͬĿԲֻǴѾԽԽۿѾ˵ŵſڣȴһҧ͵һ̷ͬһߣ˵ͷôȥҽ
̷ͬ۾磬㻹ô˵һ̵ģһУһֲּǴ壬Ǵ壡
ݺݵӺߣֵܣһ㣡ֵܣȾ⾩ǰ飡ȥȥ
ʵɽ̷ͬԶ֮󣬾վγ˱ϴ󵶡ŵĴſڡ̷ͬűƳȥԶͷһ塣
绹ûзԼΪʲôͷأ簡磡Щˣǰһ㣡
Ӻɷ򣬵ʱѾСŮ״ˡ̷ͬĿ屳Ӱһۣͷȥ
硭磡ֵܣ࣡
ŵſڱȻײʮ˽һǹʲҲߵľѾء
һǹ۴õשмҷɣһҳҳһӰڵ֮䷭ֻһգۣͷʮ಼ͷĺӸǰ
ԭһŵӰһմ˸ǰʱͳ𣬸ߴӰԺǰһ룬Ӱеһ˲Ѫһء
һһӾɱ˳һֲЩƽȫǳǹһ¾͹м䣬ǹʱʩչǵķӦҲÿ죬˵һͳˣеѾ³ǹҪǹѾȥҪ̷ͬȡһʱ䣬ǴŶǣһ˳ȥ
һײŽûȴһǹļסһſǹʹվǰģ壡
ʮӻһɢ˿ȥѿǹǹ˨׷죬ۼҪ
͵һ󺰣ǹ
һЦջеĴ󵶣ǰʵ׳ӰĵŵĴſڣ޺Ȼһ㣬ȴǲסĺǹˣھǣھǣһ£ԵأأҪȥʹʬͷȥʲô飬ǾȻµ֣˵Ķ
ٵһĸǹһǹܣǹһ룡ӻ֣ҲٵɫͶ֮䣬ȫȻʦ緶
үӣǷֿǽȥ׷̷ｻˡ
ЩȻ´󻤷
üһȥ
ʱ򣬱˺ƽϵ»ǽȥ׷̷ٲɣǽͷҲƵܿڰУƽڼ˵Ĵӵ֮»ԶԶſڵ壬һҾ
ȻĿһۣԭүӰвŪһУֵܿ㣬̷ֵȴǺͿүӣԭ̫ƽġʮˣ޾㻯ⲻѵҪѳô벻ף
ƽ΢΢ЦҡͷүʵˣصĺӡཻһʱҲֻܻһƽֵĻˡȲ̷ģ̷ֺγȵⱱǣֹͷҵˣԶڽүʲôҲ˵Ҿսǡүһ̣
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嵭ĵ˽ҹҾܸԭˡү̫飬ԻѡղүһӵʵǿҾǹҲͶ˵ӣ⣬үİưɣ
˵λ³һաƣڵĲڵġաһɴʦȣԨͣţվ·һɽҲƣ
ҲǰˣʵǾ˵ѧʦԼȻһڴĥգɱϾھֵϣѵϵ鹦̫࣬壬ʵЩ롭ѧʦ£Ҳˡ
ֵǲṼԼģһȥİúܡԼССʦԼصֵᲢۣ
ʱͻȻǰһʶʱһʱûŹٶֵĵÿģһһֶǡȥεء߸ֶһֱţҲһֱû⵽ʲô˼Ҳʹٶˣ˶˵˧仰ͷ̫û½͡
Ȼȥεأ˵һΪصֵܣϧ׸ôֵܲ˵ˣ󣬳ʴСӣһҲڸ·ϡ̷ֵȻһһȭȭҲΪңΪҵİա
ΪֵӺɷһӣ
ȻһЦ뱲ӵǿڴ󵶡һſ۴ԼϽ֮ϥʮֺץأ˫ָ絶ǰ̨ףಽƲֻңң
ԽԽ죬͸һһ㡣
˿Ϣȴ¯һ㣬ԽԽ֣ǰ£ϣʮָȴ繳
ƵתȦͺС˩һʯͷͷȦתȦԽ࣬ٶԽ죬תʮȦһӵӱǿ˳һбƾֱȥ
ȴֻһΣһб翿ȥļӣӭ˫ơ
Ҫжеڳ͸ý˳ôȦҲѾ˳֣Լȴֻȭͷʵ߿еġܰ򡱣ôӲӭȥ
һ;ܸԼںȭӣֻҪմ˶ӾܻĹ򣬾Ȼһ֮£ȫץľԼ֪﷢ȥ
ʱ򣬺һһţǰһ⾢һʱôһ㹦򣬾ѾԼӱ߿еġoӻȥֱײ̫Ѩ
ÿһޱȣһַϲڱ϶ܿʵٶȿ
ۼֻ˺ţô쵽˶ʱͷȻܽȭչĴ򿪣˾ǲǱǰÿһٶڷӳһ㣡
䣬ȭ侳磡
ѧҾһоͼʤ
۵һ죬̫Ѩһմաž˿ȥȴһתһȦӣײײֱŵſڡų̂ϣһѪ۽Ƕ˳һƬֻſڣӲӣתſͷҲûӻĻ
ȥľѾһƬѪ졣
λֵܣѾ˰֪ʲôʱֵ˿Ǹھͷ̷̸ֵʫģֵȴһԺ˵˵ȴֻһϺǺǵɵЦأ
ʮһ³ҹǴ壬ս

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СٵĺӣǹŰӵܵıӰûз䡣ƽǴԺͷӵ˾ǰСǲûз̷ͬӰ׼Ӻ
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һ˳ڳÿ˶·ҪźܷйеĿ־һ㡣
̷ˣˣ

ʱȻӴڶߣ֧žơͷ𴦣Ⱥ̤赼ҪܵĻҲȥ¡Ҳ΢ȫһ㡣˳ûҴ٣Ҫ£Ҫ͸ɴ͵ظɱ
絽ڣѾ֪˶ٵط˶ǽ͹ٴ̷ͬû׼ӭ̺һǡȫǺڻңɤҲȫ˻ơȻڱߣǷȴһ㣬ĴϢͣ
ܵ£Ϊû¡֧žľ棡
¡ͻȻܼǹָ½ʮץĳ̳̽ͽڽֱ߶׺ã׼۽˳츮ͷ
˶һǹһʱȫסˣվګګʲô뷨ûˣֻһͷԺвס
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ǹݶܼ¡Ҳð˻ͷ޺ǹһƮ˹ߵЩۺӪǣѾ˿ʼϺſ˻õӹˮͰûߡߣмʮ̷ͬʿֻǲҰһĿţš
ͷԽԽǹͣϢһֽ𣬽ĻԼԼĺ̷ˣˣ
Сֱ档
⼸ʮʿСĬȻţɫҵһǧˣԲסˣ̷ȥǵԼˡٰܰǾˡˣԲס
˵Ĭһ֣ʮʿץǹͳȥÿ˶ɫãȻ˭Ҳ֪һ·
վ±䣺ȥˣ
ʮ̽ͽ˾йܣһۣһӰ𣬴ȴϰγһСӣӱһ
ֵܵͶ״򿪾ǣһӴ˳ĺģһ̸סס

ƽѾӵܣѾһ಼񣬷ϡ
վ鸴ӡ
´󻤷˼ˣǾʹ˷ְɡĳҪҵġ
鵭ģ˵ϲŭһصƣ룬öĺƽһ֣үӣķҪǰæôֱɱú԰ͷʲôɴࡣ
ƽһЦʮˡֻǰܴú԰ͷҵ˵Ļʵۣҵ̫šֻǰܴǵȥšȫ߽⣬űҪǻûôȥ򿪾šЩǹٶʱ򣬼ٴʥּʲôá̷ͬѾˣ
ֿ壬´󻤷ٸʮ˰ɡǹҲǹɱ֡һ·ͷӹֻ±ٱˣһͷÿհոʬʮһȥŮһ𡭡ҴȥԶ
幰֣үӣʹ˱㣬ⱲӶûиһ졣ҪˣҰ㱨𡭡ֵʲô񡣡
ƽǺǴЦȴȫᣬĶǲ̬ĳ졣һƣͷϣȺУֻʮˡŲ춯һѾ̤صʬףڻԽȥԽԶ


ʮ Ѫɫ۶壩
ֵȺûͷӬһĴײײȥЩҵѾĿֲֻܸоһѶѵھ
ǿ޺̷ѾҪ
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Ǻ̷ͬʱǲŸоرǿղŻάڽѲ飬Ŭ˾ͷЩǲŵӪ˳츮̷ۣͬΪǸɵĺϱľһ֮󣬷׷˺ſܵǸеĸо죬
Ǵ֪ʲôطǰȫģӵವĴͷӹ޿ֲգѾֳ˻ٵģһЩ̼ң̣ǮׯĴţһڳĻͷճĻҽѩһ׷£ÿ˿ͬĻͷҹ۶Ѿ˿ҵУ
Ϊ͢ʽԼͥԺ֮ڣԣʮ۵ͬҶɫӵĿǰһСʱ˷͵͵̾Ϣ
Щ˵ΪֻһֱЦ͢ʽȴͷǳˣǾңδΣұУʲôطˣʷʲô͢ʽһ֮
عͷȴֵ̾Ϣϧ
ԵˣȴȻɫѿһ仰˵ǶǹھС١ʵҲӲҾ졣£ҶûʲôԷ¡ǲ˵Լǿ޺ѵһϯʱվͥԺУŲס
͢ʽֵڵļˣȴûôŹӣһɫҰ׵բĴź档һЩ֮Ĵֱһţɶ͢ʽǳ°ῪˡվźţͷŲȥȥȫɫ
ôһӵ͢ʽҲŲסˣ﷢Ϊȴĵϣ԰ҪƾţپȳϣٲǣҲٲǣүӱȻǣ
䣬Ѿһǹ죬ŴӵĽŲӿΪѾоٿʼſŵļˣ֪˭ȷһѣϴլӵ
һſڼеļ˶˹ӣܵ÷ɿ죡Ϊ͢ʽҲоƲסСĸЩһӱͷܡһĿ˵ӣϣϺǱһܣһܣ
Ϊ͵˦ӣҪɴ£ηηβʲô˴棬ȫУ
Ųӿ͢ʽֵڵſڣʱԺѾ˼ҾĿ޺͢ʽͿΪһۣɫ࣡
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Ϊ͵ǰ־ȥ´Ÿӣ͢ʽҲӭŻһ򿪣ͿԶӳ֮£һӺѹѹˣ
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Щ಼ͷĽ׳ӣ͢ʽͿΪվſڣǰ漸˶һۣһ£
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ЩȥǲﳤһڴԾãĶǱĺˮ
͢ʽȿڣãҴȥ԰ͷʥ˷ʣµ֣ȥţ
Ϊ͵תͷȥݺݵĵ͢ʽΪľǽλȥȹ¶飬ôٵ͢ʽȴֿĿΪϺһ£һôԺͷˣ˭ָֻһȥú԰һָӴ򿪾šҪǾͻ
ﰵнվſڵЩ׳ȴͲסˡʱ쳣⼸ȥȺѾվ͢ʽһܣĴˣȥʥʣµ˽ɿ˷ɣ
˺ȻӦŵͷСˣȻ͢ʽȥа˳ɣ͢ʽϣͷֻǲסϺұز¡ʥҲزḺ㣡
ΪݺһţôôùȨ֮·ߵ˵ĿĿİξ³ɣҲδܳ͢ʽȥԼȴ̷࣬ͬѣ·ҿϺ֮·
ǰǶʮӣĿ⾼ĵƺԳɣҪͬƵģΪ޺޵תֵ˾Ÿˣһ𣬷ָţЩʿȥӭǰɣű赲˵ң̷ѳҵȷּţ

ǵĿ־ңҲͬú԰档
԰ͷһͷҪµķԺ֮У˵ЩƽͷϰջлһôڻʼߣܻĻãʮ
һ򣬶ѾױǵССӴֱõʱ򣬲֪˿޺ĸ򶼴ߡԶ֮£ѾܿϹŵģƮŵʬ壡
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⳵ͣڹǰ棬ǰȥ߰˸̫мվſڣӢڴ⳵ǰͷ͸Ͻӭɥһǧ
ӢûȾʹʻأǴŻϺôʲôʱˣܵסٵ飿Щʲҵģ
̫ڵֻǿͷϺӾǲôȰҲûá
ӢֻǶţ׳ʳӵһʣȥȰϣ
˵žҪִ̫ȥʱɤŶȥҪ׻ʵʲôزƼùҲſģ
⳵һƣͿøɸҲƵŴ³˶һƽװϹڸǣһͷũ̫̫սǸϷүѷɵ˾ȥ
ȫԹ֮ɫӢǵĴӵ֮£ֱͷȥ
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ȴһҲֱֱ鷿ſڳȥһžͿ§ͷɢҵ鰸棬̫ͷΧȴ֪֡
һģ¶˲֪ǿЦı飬ĶǿңҲߣҪĵϣȿϺȼݣҪǣҪʰɽӣڼҵһף
洫ĻңЩӱıն飬ĵȺԼ˵Ĺûа㺦£ͷֻпϲ
ʹѾ˺ˡĵ֮ڴĵ˼ʮĹ֪ܲ
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ҪȵģĵϣҪʱϵһ֮ûʲôµˣ壬Ĵ壡
ȵģȴǴĽ׳̫ࡣ
һǾͲɷ˵ҪȰƼݡԹǻҶ֣עҪȴûô־ͷ·ҪקߡסκοסĶָȣǽϣſ򻮳˵ۼ޺˺ѷΡ
ĿǰЩӵ䣬׮׮ϲ󱯣ɫȴֲòܵĶһͲǿ񾭣ѵ
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ڹǰʱȻڲ̬ܵеĹһγ۾ͬܲ˵ĺ˳
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ӢæһӦ־ͷԸ̫໤ȥ
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ʱ򣬽ץѾ˿Ĺ䣬޵ԽԽӽڲҽУ
˦㣬ֱ㶵Ķѹһӵ̫šһߵǰڷУҲʶĲֱⳤ̫Ŵηѹ
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ԱѾ̫һһͱһŵ˹ȥ
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һƴù۾ֱϺһƬʲô񻰶ɤͷҲƺһЩĴͷȥ
˦˦֣ת߿Ӣںͷһ֣̫໤һӿϣס޺˺ȥֻǴţָӲͷĳͷȵȣӲק˳ȥڵϱϵֱȴҲץĶֻǰʰְ֣ʰְ֣ˡūŰɣūҲˣ
ֺϣϡūһ
ĸ˶ûпֻĴͷԲ޺ԽȥԽԶֱš
Ȼ̧ͷʵЦţ̯ôϣ

Ϊ߰˸ƽ£ѾһŷߡѾӿ˽ŲŵЩƽɴ˼ܡ
ϵѵȺûٵ˽֡߰˸ִǹ׳һź춥ӵĴԱߵӣҶ׷ɢ˺ȻһЩûͷӬƵɢǺͷҲȻ˹ģӵһСĸϵǰͷźǻǰͷΪˣǳӣԳóô
Ϊľͻһ䣺̷ȥּ⣬ŽԷפǣжĸʾҲˣ
ʾû˵˵˳ôСֹһ䡣
ңҪǣΪǳһ䣬ֳҪǣܣ˳ܾǣôʲô
仰˵еСԴ˵ĽſΪ߰˸ˡһȻͳ򣬿ǵķŶȥڽûͷӬƵĵҴܱߺŵİҲ˸ϣ˺Ȼһ֧ӴҲơ
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Ϊ˰ѹűǹԹ򿪳ŵʱŷȫ׷ѡеֺֺЦһţʲôȥţȴĬĬףԸ˳ǴѾſڵȺǸȥú԰˵ڶĴ󹦣
߰˸ƽ£ҲƵĹȥ³ŵŸܡǳźεȸߴ󣬲Ǽһ˺ϱֵſڳŶĵǸſΪӹСҲģһӾʹŵǸȥæ
ΪֱߵŶʱ򣬲ԼصĴͷƺô˺ֻʵ̫ôҲС
ѵ˳Ǵô죬Ѿſغˣ
ЩæŵſĺƽһֱŵҲֳϲɫæֵЩɢȴһæţɫȴҲһɲСԴѵǸʾ죬ԸǸʾԷĵǻҲۣ
ڱֻһŷľ룬֮һƬ֡ͷѹѹĶͷȫǴźſĹͣȼƷ¾װĹ٣ȼˣӵʿӵšÿ˶ǹʵ֪ͷѾȺ˶á
űɢֵشϢҲ˸ɾôҲûͷϣǽ̫ߣǸûŶصĴţѾÿ˶ļ٣
Ż֮غüײǽĴһӿ룬ƽǼһ㷴Ӧͱû˳СǸɢСѾ˳ӿ˫أֻ㵸Ĵ󺰣ģΪҲɢˣʱ򣬽
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ΪͷɫȻ˿ݺһƴץǰ֣ȥٱиңҪҿλҪҵĵǲڸȥ԰ͷȱס˵ҪĹǣ
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ΪȵȥҵȻҪŬǰУңȥסǾƣ
ȺУͻȻɹһžĴڿΪϡһվӣϸһ֪ĸűµĳЬӣͱ˹ݺݵĴԼϡ
鵱һЦޱȵıģĻɣ̷Ҫ˵ӵĳֶд
ΪȻȥͿ⵱УȺֿһ·һݸ߸ߵ˳ӵľ£װ룬ͷϴܾñö˶ϥǵѥŻѵĹâ
ǽǽھ֮󣬳˵ˣץĶ飬ϻȡסǾƣֱһĵ
ԭЦĶǾ磬ֱſΪӡ
ڳǼƽ¶ܻˣץŰ˹Ԭ󣬿ԬǺεˣκʱ۵ĵһ۾Ϳ⼸಼ͷ׳ӣϳǺƽ£˻ڽдڻҵн£ǸͿܹСٶŵù˵ͷӸšס
㴫ʲôʥ̷ּͬһǵУ˲һִһţʲôģԼף
ＥڽһЦժͷñһǵĻ⣬ٿЩĬĬ񣺡ôĳ棬ȻӲǽⱱǷת˹Ǿ̫̫ֻûʲô³ɣ
Ϊ۸ߺðǾȻҸһ˹ᣡǴˣչȣһٴ֪Ҳȴ˾ǣҵһģڸѾˣҪȶģֻлϣֻг͢Ȩҵȿȥ԰ͷʥѲн⾩ǱҲǸٹȥǰ˼ĳ˴Ŀɱգ
ʸǿΪܵܣȻȻҪԼӡʱɲҶ˵ֻǲסĳѾȫӡ
ЩͣѾǹת˹ͽͬУұĻ̻̣½˳ǽȴҡΪڿĻϺͳ͢Щ⼸ưܳʲôˣϾ˼ʮˡʶﻹʣôһȨĸоͷ
ǹתųЩǸɷӦ죬ҲĽпǹת˫ţǹڼǹڣ
⬼ڲԶͷӿӿľǣֻǴĿǰһСҹ̫󣬴̼̫ʲô鶼ð˳ϱһ±Ҳ˱ǡ̫Ĵ̼Ѿ޷˼޷ܿ˭ȻǣܾȻǣ
Ⱥһʱ̷ͬûϺ㻹Ҫǵʲôʱ򣿡
ѹѹȺʱһӺһĽӿڳǰ
̷ûۣ
˻ţ
о
˵󣬾ֻʣһ仰̷û
ȺһÿǶײײƴˣҪͷóһ·Ϳ⵱УһӰ߹Ȼ飬ʱȻ磬ȴ̷ͬ˭
һƶʱһһ߳¶ڵϣֻǿɫһͻȻòҰ׵˼ĿΪȵҪң̷ͬҲ㿵ϺȻǣΪ㵽Ҫ鵽ʲôʱΪĵʲô
ƽϯţս̷ͬûֱֱȥͷһƧط¡иҪȥȴ顣ܴУޱȵϮͼɱ̷ͬ޷þʧȥһƿǵĿ꣬Ҫ򿪳ţ˳ǵ̽ͽѪϴǣǵʱҲĺܣûʱߵѰ̷ͬ
Զȥĵ뿪֮سţֻſڷʬͳͷҵ˳УһڲĿֻǳŶȥǶ޺̷Уֻһ粻ŵùһҪһͷı
Ϊ϶УЮôһ֧顣̷ͬͻڶͷʱں˳
ӯ̷ֱͬ˹ȥʱ򣬶Ӷһˣֻǿ첽ӭ̷ͬ΢΢һЦվߵԬЦû׽һˣҪȫ˳飬Ҳһա
ԬֻһЦȰտˣ
̷ͬΪֻʶĳˡҲһԼԷӦͷʲôͷûˣʣ֣
žٲԬѾʹ˹ȥһѡΪȣǰ㣬ټɾһͷȥһˤúأڳſʯ·棬һ¾Ϳĵ
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̷ͬˣȴҲһܻۡЩƽ£ĿʱҲ̲סĿһۡ
̷ֻͬԵǵͷʾһ£ʹߵ˳ǰȻϵóһӣһҾȥ̷ĳΪӣܻ˾ǰ飬˧յִ˾ǣƽ󣡡
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̷ͬ΢΢ЦתͷǵĻ⣬Ǵһ˿Ц⣺塭ۿһ߾ʲô˵ģˣȫָ֣ӣɣ
ﵭһЦԱмӶѵһԸߴٲͿȥ˧ҹϣƽҾ֣ҳĳˣ˧ǰ棬뾩˴飡ʧͳϸ꣬˹ɥң¾Լңڶˣӵ۶Ѫȡ֮ߣ˧˭Ŭ⽫㱲˧ǰЧĵһ
ǻһ֣ЩŽǵľͣѾ£ұҲ

ת֮䣬ѾɶԷǶģһǧٱĻ̻֮ʣץôѾˣѾöɢ±ǧˣԭ̷ͬЩٷɣȥ˸ţδסѾ򿪣̴˳Ƕ룬ôͽڽڵֿڻϳ˹
Ҷ׷ȥҲԸ¡ȥöˬ죬ֻпеʱԼһۣžˡ
ʣµĽǸɺ͸̩Ϊĸ֮ˣｫԴֱú԰ȥʣƽĿͷѶȥ֪ٱҴںƽֵ¾ȻӳˣҲøϽУĴ˶νҲǵҴܣΪһı
ϣ׷׶Ҳ˶飬׼̳𣬿һҲʹ̷ͬͬվֻǿűڳĻΧ̽ͽ˳ǶĺХеĵط̴ӽͽŽϽʱѾЩ˳ˡ
̷ͬ򣺡̷ˣҪҪһȥú԰
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̷ͬ΢Цҡͷˡת˧Ϊ֮Ӵվ۷ͷЩֵܣҲʧˡˣɡ
˵ͳﱧȭһҾֱȺУһعˣѾӰ
ĬȻתӾҪԬȴһָΪˣô
ҧҧݣһҪ֪Ϊ˺жû˵ɱ˵ֵ˰һ˰ɡ
ʣų֮ϣЩ˳ǽͽˣ
һҹϺ
ӴԺҲû˼̷ͬ


ʮ Ѫɫ۶
һ˵Ķ飬ҹɫֱú԰ȥʼ԰֣ڱǳǻʼҽء͢ʽĺֵڳʮľ롣
ԽߣԽϰҲ֪һ𣬻ʼҵյĵطԸطײҲҪط
һ·棬ǻɢʱµĺſǹдӿⷿͷϸŶһ·һ··żֻӹĻ̫֧࣬ԶԶĶ㿪ȥһ·Ȼ˳˳ˮ
ͷȥѾ̻죬յðҹͨ̽ͽ˳ǵҲԽԽ죬ԽԽеĵطŷѾȼĻͷ̽ͽѾ˽˱ǣ
͢ʽƽŷܣһǻӡЩ׳Ӱ쳣ֹݣɭɭĸоѾе㲻ԡӶѾ˴ѵ˺ģɣ
˼ţżմ˵ءסͷ·̻ʱ͢ʽŸеһ˿⣬ԼôΪϲϧһУǶˣǴˣ
ӳ֮£ǰѾɽڵӰӡռǵƻͨú԰ʱѾһߡֻʣ˥ܲϢƺֻŮӵĿԼԼӲ֪ĵƮ
ǰŲ춯ѾӭкĴ磬Ǿֹǿ֮һ籼һˡͣӷ͢ʽһ·Ǳ˼ܣ͢ʽҲֻԼ˱Ŀԡһ߿һ߶϶˵ôˣϵǡ죡ȽϷүסȻӭȥϽǡϽǱ͵Ĺ͡죬죡
ʱȴûһĴ˵ʲôˡֿӷһŶӰ߳ӭˣǶˣһ͢ʽֱǱһ¾ˣͷ˴ȺеӰ
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Ƕ˿ش𣺡áˣ˾ǰˣ
͢ʽǸ˥ϳٶֳۣԻĹıز񣬺ƽүӣ
һµɴ۾̧һָֻźƽһ仰Ҳ˵ƽʱҲ˿͢ʽѧ壬ϲƽһʮǰǵؽ¹ڣ
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ƽޱȳ޵ĿǰеһУԶȼյĻƵ͵һ֣ȥȮʹԴţͷӵǣȥȥôˣ
˶ŵһժ±ǹͳú԰յĴųȥȥҪ͢ʽƽҲûɱ˼ҪЩô˱ǣôܽ¾޼ұöˣǻȫ͢ʽԼӲӲ
͢ʽӱʱȴ͵ķӦ˹ͷú԰ȥʱĶȴޱȣ
ʹȫ񱼣ϳǻ޺ţϣϣ͢ʽˣҺ˻ۣϣӣҵĻϣӣ
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ƽ£Ҳһ͢ʽʬףֱú԰šЩ·׷ڰǽȡӹ׹ȥ֮Ԯϡ˲ȥѾǹ졣԰ҲͻȻ˸ľ޺ƽѾֻҪһú԰Уûаֿƿԣʮһŵ죬Ѿյ㣬ֻҪǻҪеĵ
ú԰Ŵ¡һ򿪣ӵ˶ʱӿ˽ȥͿɽ½Ϸĺӱߣٻͼȥ̫๬ŮƴĶһУϼ˻ȥˣֱͦͦĳ
ϯ˷صƽ»嵽ӱߣЩں൱оͷĿǹúˮڻӳ£һѪ⣡
ĵ꽫СתȫɨѪˮһֱʽɽȥԿһӰɽܣֱȥƽǹǰֻһڷ


ڱƽ˾ʱվڷĹˣǵлͷѾԽԽ࣬ԽԽߡ˳ǵҲԽԽ죡
Ϊ˽ͷǻԹйɾ治֪˶ʱ䡣ӢֻＱͷǴ󺹣סܽܳײẔ̌Ļ́ܳСͷõôһ󹦷֧׼Ķֲ֪˶١
Ӣ£֧飬ô֧ɽ·׼ɽú԰ţָץһûüɢĻ֮ġһԵĶ⳵ͷûаͷ̽ƺٿǰ֮Ĳ״̱ڶ̧ͷͣƺһжʧȥȤ
ڵȥĵ·У̫ź˴󳵣СƵ⳵ʵڲŪټ˶µЩˣߵþͼӱѾӵȥͷ˲ˡӢǰͷܵͷ۵þͲͷ³ˡĿӰӶͷԱͷʱҲܹܴ̫磬ֻǿ̾Ժֵ֪Ǹʲôɫ
ɽͷӰ㿣ȫǶĹŮ̫ࡣЩҲʵûеطȥˡһһĲţ縻޵Ĵһ⳵ƾɽĵ·
Ⱥ׵ɽͷ֮࣬ǻ⣬Ѿ۵סӢ봨һڴͿɽ԰ſڵǽͷ棬ӰЩӰһأеǹ³ССĻ⣡
ССһվɽͷŻⵯϯú԰ţϼŵȺӵ׷ɨ䣬Щӳ嵽ӱ߶˿𣬿Ƕźӱ߷½ϷĽͶŻҩŴźȻӿֱɽ
ʱ֧ŷһв˷һеĶҴܣɽŵˣ˳˻ҵȺɽȺӿĺӶÿ죬ѾƵɽ£ֱϱ
͵ƿӢôˣ
Ӣֶָ棺ϷүϷү
ҲǰһУɫʱ԰ף΢ȨϣڲŪϣԺֶζԴϣϷ硣ǵֳˣñӢҪ
⵱УǸ˹Ƶģд̫ƽɫһӰڼʮǹĴӵ´ǰ·յ֣
һֻǲߡߡӢֻͬſŴϷүߣǾ·ۡ
ֻʧصĴ󺰣ҲܣֻҪһʲôҶԲܣͻȻ۾һһָڶ̧ϣͬĿɿڴǰһеĹƵ˭һ۾ܿǸʵۣ
̧ܣǻȥҵطܻȣҪʣôô³
ӢҲӦеˡȥ̧̫ߴʱŴǵģ붼ӢĻ֮·ˡһһϰߡ΢һЩģ֮ҲʱԴҲȫˣӢȴ֮£ʶľһƬҵΪָ̧ѾȫûԼ־Ĺͳ󶫲ȥ
Ӣߴø˸ȥЩ˼ųȥ⳵ͷĴ⳵ͷȣôҲһ¹Ŵμֳ棡ֻڳﰧ޽УϷү壬ң
ӢһϾԼֶŮȴݺɥʲôߣӢһţŴͳɽȥ
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ӢŴһһͷĳɽȥǲʱͷŹĽ򶫶ȥЩǹĺ׷ȥɫ·Ӱһͱ˳ûǹܼڹ׷ϵĵطһŽһš˭뵽۹ĩʵۣôǹ֮£
һ֮ƫƫߡб꣬ͬȨϴⳡ糱¾ҲûСĴһ

Ŷ飬ҴҵĴһú԰ȥÿ˶ܵ·Ͽ񣬻ҪкǸϽŷ򡣽ĹǸɻãܹ·βɢ̩ΪĵΪŵ¸ӵܣԽԽ䡣ǽЩǸɣһקһһ˵ƨɣǿŴӡ
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̩·̲סСʣպҪ԰ɱʵۣɱȥˣˣҪô
ݺݵһۣ㶮ƨʵƨ£Ƿǵüʱϵɣ۵ֱֽۣţʵڰڲʲôɫ
ø̩֮صֱ󺺣ֻҪһԴ͹ȥû⡣䣬Цλ˧£λøߵȥĳûˣӱųֱǰܡ
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ʳľ֮ʵǾĶǡ
ͷÿ϶ˮϴһĴŴȴһһߴĿǰ󡣳ڶǰͷȴͣϢ
˽ǸͣʱҲȻɢų䡣Щ¸ӵֱֳܿĶǹôһ·Ǻ޲̱ڵϡҪ֮ǰݺѵһЩ굱бΪܳģƷǵõһ벻ɣ
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ŵҲñ䣺Ϊֻĺˣźʹ˧ף
Ԭ񣺡ң
ɫ䣬ϢӣɢΡڸſڵ·¾䡭԰ͷǹͣˣٱƽȥҪһӳ
Ԭȥ̩ڳߣԬ˴֮ĶԻ˸ϡͿֻԼԴֹܹʱ򣬾ͲѪˣͷ˹ȴֲȥô
һۣҲ۵ùǺʵû͸
صĵߣһȡ¶֮ҪѪҲֻǰ¾һһգ˵вϲ֮ͽðѳᣡΥһ·һֱĬأΪ֮ϧĸֵ
Ҫǰδ֮¾֣ͱҪǰδе󡣹ȥʷеһУѾʺȫµʱ
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ںƽȻѾú԰ɱǾͲüˡŲΪ˴͹һˣҲǸһ³ٴ鷳ʱҪľǿΧͨ·ƽ԰ӣúƽӶȥ
԰ѳЩŮ̫࡭ԭ򣬵ĺˡһ·ôָԼϸɸɾ
ˣȫϽǳĽƽܻ񡣿Ͻֻа࡭
ģˣ￴ǰѾú԰ٻͷͬеľǡ˷ĺѾһ˿Ѿ֪жٳѾ򿪣̽ͽӿ˾ǣжˣڴҹ𡭡
ɣеһУ
˧ֵʲôط

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ڣźϵĵطʬ沨ɽϻսͮͮ˷ֲǲѪ
ƽĴϵĴϳѾУƽڹϴǹӵΨһʣµԸǽӵĴҳͬѪΪʮһǰǳǲһ
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ϳĹŮ̫ǣһıŴ䡣䣬͵ԴǹѹһӣͳͷӻҩľӪ֮ڵڷžбѵ
䣬ջʳˡ
ƽǰһʯϣĿżԼȫסĻ⡣
ҪѩˣΪʲôǾģӻʵۼ޷ıһ˲䣬ƺϿѵı飬úƽòûжٸĿ⡣ǲԼܸʲôأߵһڡ
Ըʳһ׹а֮ѳᣡ
ĺһƮʱڴŵ̴ӣҲ˰ɡˣԼ뷨ɡ
ƽʧһЦôˣĵ´ӵ˿첽߽Щ£ҲڽҹɱûѪÿϲ֪޹ԩꡪǶǺúӣĵӵܣѵԼһô
¹ȥͳĵүŵʳˣͶʯͷѾʯΧסҲܲˡүȥ
ƽһЦүˣǽƹİɣʮˣϰЩ
³һ£ֻرƹģú԰ͷ˱ƽɽͷĵǻر˹Ѿ԰ӣĺ£ƹҿ˳˺Ԭˡǽ
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ǲ֮ƹĳȥϽ࣬յôҲƹ뿪
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ڰ֣ȻǾӰɡԶϣǴ˰ҵӡӴһһµɣҲһѪսķϣһҲ׷̫ȥҵĹ޾ʲôԸˣ޹Ұ
ǰһƹģ
ƽЦȡǹ߰ɣȥʯ֪ͨǣɢɣ·ڿͷˣǸôЩ꣬ôˣ
ǹֱʯ߹ȥϣѾмʮóǹ׼ʯҲźˡƽʱǰʯƽȥ
ʱɽ÷ڱͷմ˶¡һ̮ǡ
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ǴǱ´ʮ꣬һǸĴ󣬸򷽡Ϊ΢̶ĻͳҵĴϷү
ԼжʮŻѪΪ˶ԸǰۣĿ׵ŮˣңʮôˣжܣȻḩʹֱһĳ֣
԰飬ΪŮѳᡣԼˣˣ
ƽĴ󺰣ȴˮľǹ
һǹ죡

̴Ĵֱ˹һжеñõҪ˳
ƽû˿ĵֿڼЩӵܵУһ·ЩӶǹ־ܡ鷳ĵɽĻͷ
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ʣµĺƽӵܻʯĶҲѾ£Ǳƽ
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ȵ޿˵ʱЩӵͣ˽ŲƽѾʯѾѪ̻֮ɫؽĳңң֣ˣлݺĳ˴𣡡
ֻҡͷүӣ־ܰɡҪҺޣûǲ÷Ҫӡڻڶ֮У֪Ҫ˲ƽϢ֪ҲǰʣѵľͲ
ƽ΢΢һЦˣ׵ضͷӵˣЩض˵ˡɱΪǴ˽ô춯ְɡǹ
ӵĬǹϡﻩĶһأȴǵںƽǰ
ˣͻȻһ䡣
ƽָָɽָָʯѾճɻˣɽϡڴʬʯ֮Уôã˵⡭ˣھͶô
ҡͷүӣ̫ʱҰ㽻˧ɡ
ƽЦЦˡʮ·ĳѾߵ̫ۡڸȥԼ޶ˡֻ˵һ仰𣬺ĳʹ죡
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ʣµЩʯΧĸӵܣͨһ£ͷƹ񣡡
в֪ʲôζ½ʿҲ֪ʲôζ͵תȥþƽ󺰡
ͳΣѹͷƣһı磡ֻôֻԱױһе壬ڱˣˣǼ֤˧Ҫһ·ǰͬĵ·ǰ·μѣѾٻͷݴأҪһ޹˵ѪǣסУס飬Ϊµʱս


ʮ ٵ۶
˳Ǹ·Ѿϵӿ뱱ƽڣ⡣Ϊʱﻮã̷ͬȥƽҵıֻܿƺһطڻ˳㽫Щмܲס̷ͬӪͷȵĴʦǶ˳Щʦڱ籾Ѿɱ۾ģЩûѪĴʦǻҪࡣ
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ǹɱ˴Ŀ޺ȻûҹܼңȻϵƮеĻС
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߹֣ο˼ٺƵһһЩĵطһƨϽǻȼյܻϣóһҹһȦ촽ҲɵƤ֪ǲΪ˿ڳʹǶֻ졣
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Цߣϳǽȥӻıǣ˧ĲģǲǾͻͻȻ۵ףһӣ˵ȼʵʹ죡

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˷ܵͨ죬֣ȥ׼˶ϣӵӲں涥ţɰӵ⣬һ˭ҪҺˣӲϵʦţ

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ȴƬУҸǶ⿿ˡԸ¸ʲôԺҪҪְأԽųȥۡ


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ǰѾԷ֯ʬǣл𡣳мҪĵطѾнĹٱֵءЩʿȫǽԺŴ˧һ·ߵ
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ڷһе㲻ԣһתҲףչȥû˵һֹ̧̧˵Ҷ֪ˡӭңѾ˵ˡ飬ǡΪֵܣǲʲôġֵܣ࣡һҲֲҵ磡
һͳȴȻûʲô顣
ߣȥ֮ҵÿ

Χһ֮ǰѾнױӪǰϵɾʬףΧ˵ȡԭһӾ仹򵥣ױӪҲִб񡣵ʱȴԼּӽһѡѾһЩɭϵ˼ǰգһһ·ϣǰݷһء
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شЩһʱ治֪ԼҪȥԺͻȻðһͷȻߣȥúɽ

úɽ֮ϣǿᲱɡɽ¿ܿѾ뻯ҽϽǡʮۣʮԾ潨ĹңٿѹҺ塣ǴڵĺۼҲһѴĨȥ
һûпԼٻ˶ٹҲȥʹǲǾûˡֻߵǿᲱǰ棬ɣЦǸ㱨
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