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ԼôȥսӦٶװҩͶԷչɡ
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ǹǲܰװ̵ģǾͺݺݵǹǣ
΢档
˾̩ͣס˽Ųȡ˴̵װԼǰǹϣţָǰԼԼĴׯ
ǵۣʮڵѾƺԼһЩԽ
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˵ľú޵ǹеˮƽԶһ֧ǹһ˹Ϻӡ
һС˵һһŶڷ˰е
ЩʮͳˣԲǹϷģеֻܱű˵Ĳǹƴƴȴ޼еӵкü֧ǹƴͿɨDDͬũĹϵ
ڵľú޸֧ԿǹĿһŵĵزԴη籩
쵽ˣ
ǰ䵱˾̩˵ٸңҴȥף
ǰҲΪ֮һ䣬ϫ«έżܿС⣬ʱʱںӱзϺǵϻͯ档
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Ǿôªװһ̵ĳǱҵֳɵģըҩȴңֻͰڻҩŰ塢ޱҲǵսõĹֶΡ
˶ģͳԸģôģ׼ˡ
ŲԶ˿ҳһڻһĺԱһ
ȥȴһֻǵЦݣ
ţ
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ͳ죬ѾˣҲ˷ֱʱˣ
ҪߣһǳԾû뵽һˣӪҪ
һľϹһľϹһľϹǵһζϹĴ񣺡ӪҪЭ
ӪãɲǾ¹ô򵥣׾ͬÿ˶һţЩʱĳЩֻЦˣ֮ѾǵðգҳǾӶңҲ̵Ŀˣ
Ӫһ̣ѾȥɽʡȷʵҲòǮǼЦˣҲϰ壬ϱţˣ
˵ţֱӻӻӳ䣬Զȥ
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˵ûǣԶˣֻܡޡһɣ˾ûУ
˾̩ûеżϻ𣬳ڿǧٱκδ󣺡Ұǹɾˣ⣬ҪԴ
ʹǽѩȰ˵Ұ۾㣡
˾̩ûȵļٵʱͻȻ˽еӪ𣿡
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⣿
ϷѾˣҵԸӪ˽ʿǹݣǵ˿ǸӪǺǣ
֪ǺʡȻҲд󵱼Ӣ꣬ӢΰҵһɢˣԸҵˣ׷ͳ첫һ󣡡
ԭŵģû뵽յӪӪҪϮĴţǾٶ࣬Ҳ˵Ϊƫ˵Ӫ֦ǹж˾¹ʣºİȻ϶ɣȴҲвСİա
űҲǸؽʱϵɴɢԸӪºҲҪǹ
ã˶ʮͷͰݵСܣʮ㣺Ǿͳ
˵ţǱѾѶϢ˾ˣʮˣ


ʮ ϣ
˾̩˳شһ˻Ҳ
ɫͨ죬Թƣοһˣ⼸λػѣԸӦ
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˾̩ͷںǼػڶЦ˾˵ҪǾͰԴѺˣ
˾̩һ򼱹壬СϳƣֻǸһټϵӢۺܣˣǼܹĺô˫һǼһļϡ
ػ˵ǽйصһ¼磬һڸŷ帴Ĵҵʱػỹ˼ʮ̫ƽսҲ׷׳ǵķҵ
ԽϽڹػʵǿһʡԽϾػʢ˾̩ǸͷĿֽܵ骣ػں½ٺŵ֣ŵù
Ȼ֮ᣬȴֵȻӢ۳꣬˾ǾͰԴѺˣ
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˾̩ǹĽ飬û˵˺ǣͳһ
ôһۣȴڸոͶЧűͷ𺳣ԭ˵Ӫнٸ˺ǹ־׼ǰһͬμӡ
ֻ֮Щ˲ΪȻٻϣɢҲҪμιǣֻ˶ʮǸɷӡ
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֪ػ𿴺ڳػڲˣţʲôҰ·ӶУԽϹپ֮УǶ
ӦδܳɣҲδزܳɡ
һ뵽űͶ˻һľһܵû
Ǳ߲骺Ӧϵľ˾̩ȴ˵˾䣺ȥˣһŪҩ
ޣǸˣܻصϰȥûǮֻдºл·
Ӫȴͷʡˣ˾ŲͿԼ
ԣͳ˵úãºл·
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ȴദȴ󵱼ϳɵúܣãػȻнٻڣƽʱϸҲû⣬ŵùģǸˣҲǶʮˣʱҰշ̶õļƻӦ¡
áԸѣͬ󡣡
ѣͬǻŷ帴عȥ
ԽϵĻ֮УʼŹڵָľϹΪĵԽǽ
ӪŽ¹һգػͬŽԽΪأгһռһƹأ롣
һڹڹӪȻܴۣڷҵȷʵһ
Ǿ;ĴӺǵĵһ
ǡ
ܶΪҪְܺ㰲ʡľһҪ񣬵شԷһ򲻸öϴ£顣
֪ԽϴͳԷԽԼ̻׷ɾԽƣεĵһ쿪ʼʹǵİΧ֮УһҲá
ɷǴͳԽˣԱﻹǿ̵ģ˲ƣ򲽲Ū˳ȡѹתƳȥ
κ˲ۣһҪפʤĺƷóĲԴӣӺ㷨Խ̣ͨΪ˻ͬԺ˵ִ
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ܶںԺ󣬺컨䣬ȴû˷˵ĲƣǵдѼʫ˴󷢣Ųӡ
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˵ЩͷȴһɿɥࣺˣʵǱ㣬ԶԸӪ
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һ֦ͬ乥ӪһǺ˱ȻͬЭһսҾʵǱ㡭
˵õǼʵ飬Խĸ֧ũಿ໥֮м飬ݱǻͺȻ죬໥֮мأԻ֮󣬴󽫻Ҿת˺
ڵĸ֧ũಿӪͨϢӪϮļƻ޷ܣһʮʮ٣˽֪ܡ
ôҶ֪أٸȥܣ۳벻ɣԴкô
һγϾͷˣӪѶԸЩνˡһȴڼλ󽫵Ĺ塣
ɤӣλҲϾ飬֪ñǸһ֮ڣȴҳ뼸˽սʥϽ
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ԣǷ֮
ܶԼЩǴʲôˡ
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׼һžͲԽ˵ֻҪܶͬ⣬ȥ
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ƫƫǷ˵ΧǺӣԽһֻȻʡǺͿһԸٸƹܣȻҪ붯Ԯ˵Ц
ЦЦǱֳʥǲƶȻԽϹٱ޷˿ܣǸݷԽԼȨ֤ԽϵĶ
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޷ܾ飬ܶŪȥֻһҲŪȥˡ
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ûܶǹһһԽԽˡ
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ҲЩãһᣬû
ȫԽϹپ׿ԽתжԻ
ֹ۵ˣ뵽ڳͷϿϰؾмͭڣпܱҵսҹپк̵Ԯ
Ϊˣ׼ӡŰ塢̹ˡͰըҩ๥ֶΣ붯ػӦѪǣһȫûϣѾ˳š
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ǿճǼƣ˶ͣһͣʱһ޺Ŵ̵ɱϳȥˡ
ת磬Ҿ׷֮ڳͷʬ֮⣬ҲԽϹپDDˡ
ǵжȻ˻Ӫʹʮ˾ɱȥڻڳͷȴŹپҪķˡ
ԶǹǣپķͻӰӶûС
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ĲһĬĽѩǹǰ
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ʱֻҪһԸµʿͿ԰սŤתСˡ
˭һȥˣڹǧ˰ǹǰ϶ʮľ棬˭Ըͷ
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ôһԥǱҲڲˣܶˣ˰ƴ󣬲ñѡ
ʮ˵ŷɫ죬ʮּܻ֣ʥ֮Էϵ۵壬ֻ֤㲽һ;Ա֤İȫ
˵ãһ˵ܶڵλԱ뵽һ䱯Ļ棬뵽õô
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ֻҪãٴ󵨵ķ˰ҲڣԾԱ֤ȫ
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ȴԽԽ˷ܣôŰ˽ݣoڽݺʩǹüǹԶȻǽṇ̀ټһǹԽϹپתܣֻ˳ǰŴ̵ڳױһ̣ԽϹپˡ
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֣ȴ׼ȫ壡׼˰ţ
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ʱѾǹһȵĵǴϵĸоֱӾͰ嶯ϴӵţ۶ţ
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ԽϹپĶŵʮܼǼõɱ˶Ǳһ㣬ʮʿһǺĲС
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ڲ˺ѣֱӰѲƵķƵ棬һȥһ˶ûʣ£ͳѱʬѹأ֣棬Ҳֱӵʬ֮С
˶ڷٵװӵǶĹپѾȲˡ
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̫ˣֲ̫ˣ
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ǻû˶ԶֽתһӹپСڣؿǰľ
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ܣɱȥ
ԮĺУǾĿˣٶܡ
߷ӵװϣͭڵĵˣǺܳȣʲôûöԸߺ׼
ЩԮڿǰôֲĳ
Ѿʬˣǰ֫ǣûһǱѪȾģڶĽݣһжεĵ֡
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ʬѻܴһȾңҲˣ
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תѼˣͭСڶҪˣֵ̫ˣǵġ
ֻܿŵ˷һתؽֽǣֻʣʮ²ͭСڣһ̣ʮ㣺ȫ壬ǹǰɨȫǣ
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ӴҶŵûɢˣ⵽˶ٺˣǰͷѾǿȫûٱڶš
ڷˣǻҳȥУʧôԵʥ϶࣡
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ǵԴ⣬Ҳһ⣬˴ƽʱųƱؾӪ˭֪⣬ΪһҪΪʲôȻȥĻǣҪƴһ׬һʮᡣ
ȻϵʱѾƺ۴ǣŻ˲٣Ƕηԣʱϲֱӿżɽŵǹﲻ٣ƷҲ룬ǰԤҲһ֣ҡ
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ǽþͲһˣѾˣſڶԿ౳Žϸĸｻţͼڽıһ֮ء
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߻ķΧܹ㣬Ѹ˽ȥߣݣƲ뷨

þۼ˴Խϲб˾ô
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в֮£˾̩òͣס˽ŲϽԮһ񸸶š
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Ȼʱ˸һӣܹϢ֮ڵԽϹپļУڿս֮սʿǿҪýóΪͬˣûһᣬձ˾͹ռ˲Ľòйӵشʿƨҷš
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顣
Уɫϴ߸Сڵ
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峡Ļɲűһ˳аÿһʱ䣬ӪڽȥһѶڽõʿϳҲջ
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ʿڷǿЩеѪڣʲôֻĬĬ
ͷˣһܡ
ȵĻԭ׾ûںͽʿκηıʾֱǻеĽá
Ѥޱȡ
ţǻǵýġ


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һֻ˵ķ𷢱۵ķʿֳش̽ʮ꣬ǵһĴ
ķִƵ൱ãΪֹֻԽͨعʿֻбǹ˵ġ
ŻеĽã۾ʹöҪˡ
ÿؽѷ˿跨𣬿еҪؽȴһص¼
ѻѽ̻ἸʮྭӪյøɸɾ
սȭͷҪȥЩ˰
ڱԽϵפһǱصһǺڣһǿźӺԽ˳Ϊĺظפз½սһӣһʿ֮⣬вԽϵĹʣֺ֧СӵںӽͧҲչѲ
ĹƣֻҪһ½սһСͿЩҰˣһ뵽ͷԾð
һҲںˣЦʹЦűȿ޻Ҫѿұ˵޷õ֤ʿϣȥѣ
һۣԽֵķ۽ǻ׹⣬Լʱһǹ
ԽϽ񣬺ʹһʿȫʵ⣬ȵľ仰
֪ȥ֪֪øࡣ
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ǳʱ䣬ȥЩڰɣ
Ǿǣ󽵣ǳֱض°빦
һȺ˷ܵȺ֮УһʮŮԵø侲ѾڽСһһ˥䣬һִű˵֪ʲôط
װԵĴ磬㣬̬ˣڲסʣԽϣǺǷ˺̵ĵ̡
˵ĮʱԾΪǻֶܼã
ֻʣǼĽˣҲʧȥǡ
װһܽ᣺ҵǶιǵӪȤҪǨDDԺĻ顣
ڴؿźǣùģ󣬵ڻܵȼĻͷŨ̡
ģ֪ĶսáΰʥͽĴߡĳƺţ֪ƺ˭ġ
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Լİȫ˳
Эѧʿ캣ܶ󳼷
ע⣺ԭǺܶ󳼣õʮһ꣨1878꣩Эѧʿ춽


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ںСְԱôҲǼ쵼ģһ֣
һܶȲʤȯ¹ؽ⣬ôݺһʾߡ
Դǲܾôǧ뷨˻ǸʱһںѲͧһĲͿ԰Ӫڳˡ
Լʮ¹򣬿ԺúõذѺѹһأԼĵһͰ
ԽϱǵУ˿ҵһǣѾＯǮɻ٣ĵ߻вٲࡣ
Ҫ˳˳سãǵùٸЭɡ
ȻǸӹţʮºҲǼٴˣʹҲĲȺ˷С
ֻǸһ棬;òԾˣϸһƣǰ⺷˵װҲ̫˰ɣŰʮˣǹռ˽롣
үõĺܶױҲװʮ˺ǹѡ
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ԭ׳־һӱ˴룬ӪкüٶˣǾкü֧ǹˣ
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˵֣վҲͬԮȥڵġ
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ע⣺ʷ£зΪ187810ԽԽ߾ͼƷͳȡ֮֮귽ԽϽ


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ѩţӦɷӲᶽԽѲأӷӲĵλãԵ˴󹦣ɲҪֵܰ
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Цֻ͵ĺ꣺һ֪ͨǣȻ
һɻؿֱۡ˵˵Ҳֽܸ𣬾ûΣ
ҧһ䣬Ҳǵļ룺ҲԸ⸶һɻؿֻۣҪܰȫϷ⡣
ʲôϢһ֪ͨǵġںͨ죺лҵչǵġ
һɻؿۺֵܳ˺⣬ǳжһƱͿԻرˣǻȥ
ذġһ˵ջ񣺡ȥһ
˶⣬ͨ˹ϵ԰ȫطĵ⣺ok
Ҳһջ̫ˣֻǲ֪㣺и뷨ҿԱߺȱ̸
ʲô뷨ӲܾǮ׬⣺û⣡

㰲ˣҷˣһʧûȾƱϵĲƬ滳ˡ
ұͺܷ衣£ԵɣҿʮʿȥҿԿóܶױ
ǴʡԽƣʡܶСʡѲһʡСʡ㰲ǡǡںܶϽ֮£ҧԼͷǲޱĺ
ƽʱפֻˡ˵ļƻҹ㰲ĺܶಿӣѾںʧˡ
ֻʮ
ԡϣֺ֧СṩһЭǵվƽϡ
⡭
ʲôǵ졣
Ǳߵ˴ȴ˷ܵ޷ƣס죺ܰȫǻṩһз㣬ֻڹϵóףϣ
ֻҪɡֱ˵ĵߣҿǳʮ
첻ָˣ˫ץסͷһʵ㲻ܶ
ˣٷ˵Ⱥڽ˺֮ٴ˹㰲ʡ
Ȼ
ٹٴںطǼֱڷ˷Ӧ֮زز
Ѿȥ׼ˡ
һָˣŪ֣ͳȥ
ҲˣҪڣķ½սӣкغͽֺ֧Сӡ
Ǻںغͽֺ֧Сӣ;ˮ·Ͼ½·Ļ̫ҲЦˣ㰲ܴССһؿھסˣǹ϶˹죬׼÷죬ȥǣǲô
ҪǮúܣǮ˵һҪǮ
ǸأֻµĴϷŵˣСǮͳɣֺ֧СҪ㣬ûðǧӥɣҲʲôֳعԱ覵ģȻֻһء
ҪǲģǼλһϴ
ףȥĶ
ȥɽ
ɽҪͶ죿
ûԽ֮󣬳֮⣬֮


ڶʮ ˮ£
ûˣǵ˴飺ʱҲȥǣ첻
Ǵ΢Ц졣
˴굹Ǹ飺е㽻飬ʱдȥ
лˡ̲˵ԺȥɽüλӦ
о֮󣬾һƬɡ
Ȼʱ򣬺ѡ
ȻԽϹٸͷˣڼԽغʡݴסɽһ㣬δȥãʮҶ֡ƽ½֮ƽֺܣ˭ӭӵаٶ˺ǹǿԮ
ڵĺеôã֧ǧ˵źκƾӺȡĹ·
Ѵ򿪺ӺΪһʿ˺ӣݲ»ݱʤĺڲƣԽϹٷҲڷ˵ѹ֮£һҪ˳ʤóƽˮ
Ϊ˵ͳףλԽһǳϲŪȨԺִ򣬰֧鵱ɺġ
ж٣һͿ֪ǧ˵װڲһٸҵĺŻӪӵеĺǹࡣ
ȥƽȥɽԸŵⳡս˵쵽춥ӡӣкãºβ
꣬з֮ۡ
νз֮սһ֧ӣֽնάҵڻµʤɽսۣ֮ҲٵһۣʹǷʷϣҲ֮ƣϵĺȻǳĴۡ
ɾôһ֧źպսǿսѹ֮±Ȼعó֮ڣڣͳ֮£һ˾̨սվҲǺĲ
ҵϣʷ

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̾ݺʮ֮õӪڿˡ
ֻǺڵĸĸǣûһصĸо֧ᣬֻں͹㰲ա
ԭǸ𱣼ҵĺֵøΪţжӻӪȥ
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Ǿٺ͹Ա֧ʾӭ
ʮ쵱Уʡݶθߣͨͽظ˰ʳʳ㽶ˮûҪĹԱҲǳϡ
һأǵЧʼֱģҪģǶָ©ĻؿѾ˨DDû뵽һҵĹԱ;ӣȻʵ
ڶʮʱڣκķɳһ˵Сֶӣڸ֮У˳յҪκζ
һ뵽з֮۵УҪͬѾЭͬս͵һ
ҵ֣ӪϹŵǹͿˡ
͵ˡ
ѩ˼£米˹֣Ӣˣǰһȥˣ
ѩͷ绨Ͳ˶סˣҲȥˡ
δӺУӪ±ˣһʼͿҴüóסڴҵ׼
Ҫ֪˴Ǿͳ׸ķһСͧǺ
ҺҲûٴȥԴߴ٣ǿٲߣ½սӾ˹ˡ
ھ͵Ӫһһҿ췫̸ϵȥɳһұһŲϹոǡ
ⶼǽǮܰ
Ϊֺ֧ͨСӣȥĿӾۺӥ
ôīңֻΪͨһ·󻹽˼˽һ仰ǼץžǸݰɡ
ṩһѲʱüԱܿѲͧ
ֵˡ
ʱ޼ۡ

һ
˾̩ıЩ㣺桭Ӧˣʵپʮˡ
ʮ˶ЯǹǱӰ
ǿŴ϶ѻŵһӣ涼װ˰ƽѻƬ;𣬻Ĺߺͻеˡ
һͬϴĻĲˣ˴Ҳˡ
ȫΪģֻҪһߣ⺣ʣĴʾͳΪʢ磬ߣʢΨһ볡ȯ
ҵʱʮ֧֡˵ǲˡ
ܸˣپʮѾԴʷˣһ֣´׼
ҲЩʱˣ
𺽣
˳űڵĺˮӭͷС
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ڶʮ ϸϣ
һϼںϣֲ۽磬ʤա
죬оյع˺ڣɽʻȥ˹ڴĹٱǣڿԳʿˡ
ÿ˶ЯԼĺŲǹȻѾһһѣж࣬ɶš
ԳУĽܿϾԵø࣬ڴҫԼؼ
һٲǹκιߣֱӰѲǹ𿪣ֽһѷڴ塣
ǸƯıݣ°һװҴӽ嵽װָɣ˲ӡ
ãٱǶһҲòʾֻͣжԲǹϤˣĲǹװжζļһﻹеʵϵġ
ܿУȻﵹһȴҲϣġ
ΪǹװܱӪӶģǺܿͷ֣⡣
Ӫõ˹ǹֲǹõıԵû취װԭ׻װڵԵǴٲǹܽиװӪӵеֻжʮˡ
żѹԭþ׸ѧϰװǹ˵һʣ̸úûþͰѽܿϸװǹıѧȥˣܿУٴʧҵΣ
Ϊ˱ȲƣܿУڰľ¼ܶٱǱһ顣
ôģʱʿǰһıݾӪĹٱŴ͡
һβװܿУѾһڲסԼ۾ܼ򵥡
򵥰˶ֹͣϵĻعעŽܿУֻ֡
ȻҪװǹ
ܿϵֻôһ㶼ѷɫٲǹ£ֽಿǴҸˡ
ȻǺѵһ£װôĿװǹһѵˡ
ȻܿϵĶһӾͻˡ
ҪڲǹһˣȷȻٿʼװȥҵҲڹϡ
вУ
ܿϵüͷˣĶͣˣֻš
ˣ
ôʱĶּӿˣһް϶װȥˣûа⡣
ɹˣ
һҲһ
Ư
׵һȥסˣҪѧ
˶ΪܿϻѩþˣȴЦˡ
̧ͷʹŽѩԼĴգſŽѩһЦֵǹͰ˳Ϸ
ѩؿ
컨壬Ƕȴһ㶼
ǹ˲䱻ˣȻװ
ûǹһֻۣöֶӣЩǹ·һһ
ѩֱðǣҲ᣿
ͬǷֺͬǲĶȴ˷һ
Ҫ֪ܿУװװһ˴Լʱ䣬ǵĿװʱȴ˽ʮӡ
˶ʱ䣿
Ķиɻˮһ㣬ֶӾ˲װȫ̡
̫˧ˡ
ЦˣСϷ
СϷҲ򵥣ҪÿһָƣĿװ
ҹսҪһܣĿزװȫ˽һ֧һСںಿӵ±ѵһ֣һŮĿɲǹķֽϡ
ԼôҲǴӦʦģҽǲװǹѣѶСЩˡ
üǿϰ
ֻڽѩûбģԼСɷ
˲䣬˹ȥһزǶͷˣǸˡ
㡣
ˡ
ٸ㿴׼ĺö
ʲô
ȡһģӪս죬ǰһ֣̫ˣԺţһ˶ǲġ
ܲȻûףĹϵǴӺλʦѩһϲϣԺ
Ժ죬𾪵ģϧս죬Ȼ԰д档
ʲôʱã
Цˣǹҳȥʱסս졣
ãѩܿģȥңǵɫ컻
ϼ⡣
ɫ
ؿڴϣ紵Ůĵµս졣
˶̧Źעµս졣


ڶʮ ϸ£
ӭƮѩϲһ
ս۵ƬҶͬʱɫϸӪмһָۡ
սԭ򵥵ġԵø˵Ŀⶼתƹս졣
ҴϵˣֵӪڣҲͶעĿ⡣
ϸӪ
ףǲӪ𣿡ȺʣôϸӪ
ʵνӪҲʽ˵ֻϰ߳׵Ľзܶ˶˱˽ӪҲӪĽз
ڼӪ˾ͿʼˣӪʮ꣬ô͸ˣ
ǰӪŻġ
ôˣЩϧ
ǵ˿վֱʣͳ죿ôϸӪˣ
ǰҾûӪá
ϸӪƺҲ
֪ܵǼɡ
һģĳϸӪȫһ˵ţӪС顣
ûֻǿ˿ϸӪţ۵Ҳ
˻ǶӪиģʱѩת˵˵ôʲô
ģҵģǱǡ
ߵǰ磬еϸӪ
߻Ǻö˶֣ϸӪ
Ҷʱֺܺãþ˿϶ϰߣһµڻţϸӪ
ϸӪ
˶źӰ֣Ҳ磬ߺţϸӪ
ʱҺܿŪֵмʶˣǷͱϸйء
ʷصĹ£Ƿͱϸĵ۵ϸӪͶϣɽʹĵۼݵҲ׼Ӫºޣ潫Ҳɳ̸
ȡֵʱ򣬾Ǳͬϣ˷һ֮ӪΪǷϸӪ
Ҫ뱳ʷ׵飬뺣ɰٴȡ˻Ӣһһ֮ɰܡ
ԵˣҲͦãԽԽ˳ڣԭƹʣ
ڴͷѩһ뿿һСŲ˾ҾϸӪ֣ĺܲҺϲ
Цˣ˻ʱֱƷò׺ͦϲ䣬Ӫͷô
֪벢ûг棬ѩؿһֲ֪˼Ҷ١
ѩϸӪУʶò֣˾׵ˣϸӪһֻäɵĲӣԴЦˣɽұʶЩ֡
㣬Ҳһ£οⷽӪһиԶĹ滮
ϸӪսס
˻ʱֱƷò׺

йһɽʡԽҲͬһɽʡ
ǵˣԽϻйغϣԽ̫ԭʡƽʡȣֻɽʡСʡ
ԽƺйʡܶСʡѲɽʡҲɽǣ˵༴ɽܶפ֮أ˵ؾڽʮ幫˵ǺεҪ
ֻΪʡйĵ˵Խϵʡ൱йһأԴ಻൱й֮䡣
ЩʡݡأԱüй޶£¹Ա࣬ԱԽ֮أʡʮ˸֮࣬Լİ֮ؾѡССɽʡ
Ȼ˵ǡʡᡱڴϿ⻹ڵصһسǣֻһͨسǡ
Խ϶ԣѾǼĵʱνԽڡ϶⣬侫Ωɽ
·װСͧǰѲӣǴǺ죬ؿ֡
ϸӪǺ濴š
ȻӺһ൱æĻƽˮںڵɽĺ裬˵Ҳǽһ˳ִģֵš
ϸӪʶĺҲû˵ţһ⴬ϵĶ֣еɶ˺֮ġ
ʲô飿
ϸӪ
ȥ
ȥɽ
ʲô
˵һ壬Ͷ
ЩĻشŽɣΧס֣ƴϻ
ˣ̨Ҳ˺Ӱӡ
˴ͷЦүɽұͬȥ档
Щ˵ͬЩ飬ʮǹ
ɽˡ


ڶʮ ɽϣ
ɽλںϰԼﴦǰѴͣڰߵͷʼںļ½ж
ȻפɽĺΪ࣬Ȼвٵﱤֱ̨ϸӪĳ̨֣ϲų˺Ӱ
ϸӪĴۣһ֧ѲҲ˺ģǰ棬˴͸ʹ߹ȥˡ
ͷСжܺãΪ˷ֹͻȻѣƺʮʿǹʵһߣǺ棬ϸӪҲʼص½
ʶѻںӰϣֳٲǹʿϴֱ̣վţ׺ͽܿУҲϰȻԽܿϵĿֽϲǹܸȤܿɳϣһһżɡ
ϸع۲ɽǡ
һԽϻĳǱɽϣΧһǽǳرźüƽפǳصģкԽϾӡ
ֻ֮ʱ۾óںԽϾһֻһȺװũȻŲǹɫľװȴûһˡ
һԽˣǵĴŴΪãЩЬӶûУֱӳš
ľòȴʵû˵վžֵĳȣ൱Ⱥ֮͡
ǵͶСˣǵУһˣȻÿһ˶ǴѪս߹ģǷȱһ㳯
ǻµĶϴǣֻӸûȥѪ
Ұƣɽǵȫòǣȴһָ룺ıʷʹ￪ʼ
˵ڣ˵DDɽ֮ۡ
һʧܣ
ս޲ʤĺзսеĵһʧܣڴ֮ǰնάҵڻµﶼȡ˻Ի͵ʤӴ֮Ȼжս÷˲صĴۣΩʤ޹ء
ǱԹϵĻԿžƵķһִĻڡսڡ۲򡭡
ҲǾзսʤܵĹؽһۣ߿ô˵õйѾⳡս
ҿԸıʷ
֪ǣ۲˵У˺ԽϾ֮󣬻ôһֻĻۡ
վڸߴϸ۲ϸӪÿһϸڶһţ֪֧ɽǰ
ϸӪ֣Į磺֡
˺ܶණЩϱûעϸע⵽ˡ
УһֻʻѼɽĴ򣬵ȴÿصɱ
Ӻһ·۲쵽ɽѾϤ֧飬ӪϸӪ
ɽѾռһЩһϵ˵Ǵ̫˳ˣȻ̵ĵ̣̽ҲǴҲ谭ڲŷչڡ
û˵ڵڻǰŰɣôǸɻἯɽ˵ɽգûԹ˼Щ½ŴѾãעؽţڳ϶Ҫּ
װ˵ɫôĮĥţ
һ󼱴ٵĽŲ֮󣬾˳Сƽ̣ˣ
װվɽͷϸӪ£
ԽٱͻȻǣ׼ˡ
ʱ˴Ѹ˻һͶʩ˸ԲסֻŻƶɽ
ƶǻңĶںбΪǰӪǺĵڶλ
ԭǻĴ󽫣ƳӢ֮ǧͶںеĵλȴ΢
ԭؽʵ̫ǿˣǧˣǰӪǧ֮ڣʵĵϵ
ΪˣǰӪҲǶһģȻĵȣµ෽ȴԶȫӻҡ
ԱںʳơƶǰӪսҲǿֻǱĵϵ˵ھҪϲ١
һ£û˼Ǳߵ˴˵ƶûʲô飬Ҳ˾仰
ǲ֪ʱҲڷֹ
ɽĴСҪԱѾἯһãСҧŶ䡣
ϸӪĶ飿ҼƿڼɽϸӪôҪͶǺ죿
ʲô·


ڶʮ ɽ£
ôһڣ˾ըˡ
ϸӪû˵
ǰֻ˵иӪֻС飬Բˡ
ٺüʮǹ󴬣Ҳ֪ʲô·ôɽ
ĪթǵģҲ󰡡
ȷʵ˺ǲôôûɫ
˵췴ǱҲŴճǮģʮ˿ǹ˰ɣ
ҲֵܱҲǸˣôܰʮ˿ǹǺͳҲͰ˿ǹǸǼʮǹ
ԣСҶʮ꣬ô⣡
϶ûôǹ϶Щǰǹ
һƱɡǸһƱһ궼ˡ
һƱһƱ
˵Ļˮ㰡
һǳʮ˺ſǹʰǡ
ǣǰӪ֣˭ܵס
˼ҼȻͶЧǺµʾɡ
ǳ಻̫ѿ
ȵǲڲطЦǵֻĵҲŸôһƱ
ǰӪ̫󣬳Է࣬ҲǼҳ㷹ôһֻɱԲү
ôɱǸרҵ⣬Ҫ¾ʱ򣬾ͼ˷ɱƶ磬ˣ
ôˣթǵģԱǰӪɽİ˶Ҳƴǡ
ǹپͷ󺹣پѾǣӳͷȥҪˡ
ôһϢ˺˴󲿷˵ң춯ְɣ첻֣ⶼ˵Ĺˡ
ǧԥˡ
ֵ¹
ְժһʲôţѵǶ
ɳϡ
͵˴껹̸ɽڵ
֪ں㳲ȲڱʤҲɽ⣬ǡȥͬս
Ϊһ֧ӶǿǧĿηѣ۸һҲˣһǧټƿźĻʼպǮ
㲻㣬ԽϹپ³һ̣۱࣬Ϊ˱סñҲòＯãԹ裬Ҳʹ죬һյǮ
ҵǰӪҲԤĳ֮Уգɽ¾ֻʣ°ˡ
һ˵ţжĽҲ𲽼ӿ죬˴صĽˣʿŲǹҲš
ɳ̶ǵĻʿŹʣһֻ֪򣬺ǽӴĺǺ֪Ȥ˵ԷͶ˲ٷ㣬˰
һ棬Խʶ˷ֵܵȻһȺ
Ȼ˴ŴƻҡУ֮Ůˣⲻʲô
ǣԽϾٵ۾ֻǶѻɽĲƻһͰϸӪ䱸©ȥ
üǹǼ٣ԶУǺôŻľ˭ǧﾵŪһͿˡ
źüף治ԷǺſǹǰǹ̫û
ɼȥ̽һˣԽϾлˮ϶һ˵ܳԣܳӳȥúС
ֻӼļѾɧͷʲôʲôϸӪû˵ôһƻҡУⲻǳ𣿳˵ǻô
˵ġ
Ͷôˣ֪ԼＸ˻á
ЩԽʶӡĿˮһˣһɳϵķۣȴǵǹû̵
ΪϸӪװ˹ǹȷʵô̵Ҳһֻȴڹؽһ㣺ǹ٣ǹ࣬ƽʱܲ˳ֻǲǲǿǹû˴̵û
ûëϻ˵һҲûֲϴ̵ǹµľǰױӣǱ󷽷عȥ˵پ˽
ȽҶס
ƣʱһ֧˵ԽϹٱڳǰ


ڶʮ ͻϣ
֧飬ϸӪں㰲ԽϾӣЩͬ
һɫ֮£ǶٶԵЩŵԽǴԼһװ˸ʽǹ˶ֳָʽǹͨԽҪһЩϸǼֺµζڣʹǹʿϱ
Ƕͳ߹Щ֮ͽʱ㺷£ڣǸĸѾ˵Ҫ£ǵıղˡ
öſǹ治֪ǴŪģֻһĶΣ;ⴿһȺں֮ڡ
Ҳѹ֣޹˼ɴŴƻŮڹ컯֮ҡ֮Уֻа׳ղܸɵó顣
˵ǾһǹںŪˣĵ׳ˣ˵ǵǹֻܴǹ˵ǹˡ
ֻǵͬѾһ׼ǹײˣǵ۾ɶš
ƽʱһǮֻҪһ֪жǮƣӥͭӻǰǦǮһһ·Ǿ֪ʲô
ǿǿˣкüӥ󣬶ҲƻѾռ˴ɳ̲֪浽жٺûɫ
Ϊ˵ǹû̵д̵ҲײοÿϸӪֻǹװ˴̵Ҷɳ̲ϿػʱȥǹʩǶζɢ
Ȼ⣬ǾͲˣǹپ¸ƨͳܶ󴬵ۣǰѲ飬Է
ʹ˸ɫǱű⣬ѿ¶ëʹȥһˡ
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ʿԽͳ˧Ǭ¡ųʮȫ书ս޲ܴ죬֮𴨣ʮطˣʮȫ书ѿ֮ʿԽܣ۱ǧ֮࣬Խöʧ
ڱԽԱУѧмѣȨı㣬һ߽һ˵İǶֻ˧綨ⲡ
ǿͱϹǲȫ޺ԮӼãҳȴԮԴԴϣߣҡڲӲѳĴ󶨡
̫磬Ŀ̫磬岻֮Ǳȡʤ֣ܵʮ֮;
峯ڷһӣʿǵȲܣ֣Ǵ˴ΪѿƷԱʴԽңǼ򵥾Ͷ˴峯ӡ
Ŀ̫Խһ£أӽŵҲӲأİֻ֣ۣܵĸע
Ȱܣ˧Ȼأͤͳʮ꣬ƱʮӪܳá
ӲפݣأǶʡսټӽ֣Լ̵ʡӪ
һĻܻ񼸸СʤͬʱҪԽ̩ɽƾһ΢ܻ죿
һ뵽⣬׵ⲻѣ˺H˶һ׾䣺ңҸ̫ɽۡ
ں䣬Ͳˣȴ֮ʣȴ˷ɱͳˣɽо
ɽ˵Ǳĺ·Ǿ̲ʵô£ô£
ϸѯ֮󣬻ײŵ֪飬ɲӪ̫Һ˵Ȼҵɽɱҽʿʵ̫ޡ
֪һ˾ǻƽʱصĽ䣬һָɽܶͻɱƽ֮򲻿ΪֻӪǹ࣬С¡
һȨ⣺ڹñƽģ򲻿ɳʲô⣬֪ͨɽܶӪȥ;ţͷֻʮʯƽᣬοӪ
غһȻֶ¾ģƽģӪ͸ϴӣһҲŹ
һȺ˶޻ϸϸӪƺӹƽݴкſǹٸˣеѰپǣĽսĽڹۣɽ·ʧͳ˵ķӸס
ֵӪȻҪұͷʹɽ˭ƶ
ƶƽʱºɽ䡣
䣿ã֮УΣұɽķøӪʲôӦ
ǹҧҧ
ֻǶԸһ֧ܱԽӪǹ٣ܶ߾Ļ׶ֻȨıƣ̣ǡƻû䣺ܱжӢҵƼ䡣
Ϲж


ʮһ ɾϣ
ɽ⡣
ϸӪĵһνӴ죬ɽóɽǶһݺʮдС߰˸ڶǧڡ
ɽǱķһºΪҲر󷽣˵طݽӪϸ顣
ǵˣ𱣻ϸӪɳ̲һпϸӪԱ˶
ԭϸӪһֻͼɲԼ֮ȴĻĵפ
ɽȻǱսңСʵ٣Լɽפһΰټ˻Ӫʵ˲ٹǰӪһյ˵ڳǰ˸æ
·ϣٸʿ߶󳵣ڵڳЭ»ǰеӪһоգڳǸʵˣ費ȾҪߣλȻˣҲӪˣҾˣ
ľګ֪ΪζΣرɳЭϸӪͷ󺹣ùⲻȥԸ˵һǶ˵ڳ
ڳóʣҡ˵ﷹˣҪȥԡ
Ըռ˱ˣֻҲԸͬǰӪùϵֵڳ̫ⲻǹǲ֮ƣڳˣʡ
ڳһ⻰һۣԼһߣ⺢ίǱ㲻
˶ȻֻǴ⣬֮䵹Ϊˣ˼ӣǱ˵ضǰӪĵ֣˾Ӫﻹмʣµĺſǹɣ
˾̩Ӧһ˳ɵڳǰӪˡ
ϸӪװȫ뻮һǹͳһװ˹ֲǹʱлļӪͷܰ쵽һ㣬̭ЩŲǹDDȫһһĲǹֻϸӪʽǹ
ڳΪ˲óʣһ˺ſǹҪǿú죬û뵽ǰӾȻæվҪƴ־òףϽʩ˸ʵڶлͳˡ
󷽷˵µɽ죬λǰָ̣ڳˣҰһ
ڳˣ͵ܣҲؿá
ֻһԣǱ죺
ڳѾ£΢һǵ
˶⣬ôķӦϸһۣǰڳ·һľګũⱼʮأǻȴĬĬ˪ȴǸӢΰıܴ
պһӢһĬĬţͷ΢̾һ˳˵֣ؽǧš
˵ԶĵλԶֻܴǵڳһԣֻһǻѪŴˣվ
ںǸСڳߣϽӪӪٷϽڣڳױְ֮Ķӹ١ͳϽʮˣȻܻأЩζ
ھ֮⣬ܽ¹磬ȻΪһڳʲô˼
һ˵ǴңԼﵹ˾ƣһβʣҲʲôķ˱ֻ˾ϵи
ҵ˾̩һ⻰Ѿˣʵǹˣһ㱡ҳݡ
ڳȴԽ˻ϻӣһȺ̸ԽԽͶ
ԽйȫǹˣǴͬ磬ҲԸںύǿԮ֣ǼȻ˺죬һˡ
ϵܣǺϸӪһ֦ƴ׳ڱ棬û˸ˡ
˵⣬һҲԨֵͤϢжˣ˷ҺӿڣҾԴˣྫеǷ˱ҺҲǲˡ
뱱֮أΨкĺͷƴģƽ½֮ƽͶ죡
ãããڳֺһƣϸӪǰӪ࣬ԳһӪ֪ϵôӣʵ㹻ˡ
һ˵ֻһʧ˾̩˾ƱȫĿⶢ
ڵϸӪڵӪĹ̶ƣսʱʱɣͳָɲӣֻڶŵˣٲǰֱָս
Ҳһֱƶ飬ίξ٣ҲԼʧԣľƱֻҲǣҲǡ


ʮһ ɾ£
ӪͨһӪˣϽڣҲǸӪͷǳɽͶЧһ㶼ԭнƣʴ˱ƽɣǰߴǧ֮ڣڳȻͶ࣬ٳһӪĸڳ
֪ϸӪսαƣ˭ڳĵ⣬ʹڳʧԣҲҪ취ѯһ
˶ע⣬ıЩעĿ⣬ֻǳ˾ֵ̩˾ڳһΣһʱˡ
ȫȻ˭û뵽ȻֻڣȻ֪αƣһҲһʮ˵ĴӣӪУ˾̩ϵӪʱ̣ܶȴһʵͳ
һ뵽һ㣬ڳ;þѡ
ϸӪӡֻͣеĸ֣ܴȫӪͳ죬Ǻ֮ᡣ
Ϊ֮ᣬƺӹ㰲շãŲɫ¼һ˵ţĻи˲ٳһС
һ·ӴҲٳһеĸˣǾůķεĻһָоͳ治˴ϻۣиָ㣬ܳɾⷬ¡
ղٻϣȴõڳʱףиָ㣬Ǹһľľպسɴ¡
֪ϣȫֻǼǶ֡
֪滴֮ľȱݣҪȱݲӪһӪϽڵȫá
滴ƵΪսλġӪͬʱҲսԵλӪҲսλڲӪ֮ϣûй̶Ƶκελʹһʡʵᶽֱ֮ͳϽĲ಻Ӫѣûӹ̶ĺϳɻʦŽơ
սʱֻܽӪʱƴճսƽпɣһ֣ȫָӲ飬ղʵһ
ʵĽƣֻڱ٣ӪϽȫãֻڵԭǴָ֡
ôְ˻Щͷ֪ڹʸڹٵϸӪв̫٣̫ˣȨ԰Сڹ١
˭˲⣬ɴֻһ˾̩һԼԵڹ٣ָϷΪ㡣
ҸҪǣѾΪɵӽ˾̩ͳԼȥͳ˽϶ӣһָӲԽ٣˵ʹָ
ڹµıƣ˵һ䣺ô෨ȵڹˣϸ˵
ȻòڹٵȱӪ˼磬ڹµȱƺҲܲرȫŻĲӣһ˳ȥҲɨˡ
˵αƣֻܵŵڹϸ˵۾ɼеˡ
ʱڹҲ˼·ҵվղʧԸϵ鷳ˣҰæǰˣ
ȻЩľګȷʵǸʵˣһСھƺ˵Ҳ֪ʡʿͬԽʮˡ
ϸӪ޶£ڳ˵ȻǾϹ֮أʳϹ֮ףϹ֮٣ʼĻΪй֮ˡ
˵⣬ɶһֻۣﲢ޶£귢裬йڣϹΪˡı׼ʽ
ڳȴǴЦ˵ңԨ֣ͤÿÿԲܻعɨĹΪޣССܣԽһƷԱǺ£Ǳй֮ˣ
ȴеЦõĸо귢װѾʷл֮Ѿ˺ΪڣΪ֮Ρ
Խϡڼ֮Բ귢裬Ů㣬¹ڣǣźĻһѪǹʹٶأԼĹȥһɶ
ڼʹ귢赱Լй˵һ־ǻңͷĿһ£һ׼Ӫ
ϸӪΪںЩͬ裬ϹΣЩӪҲҪǼȥӣֻڵڳȴԺ˵Ǻ¾йڣ귢裬Լй֮ˡ
ظжһĸоⲻʷֻʵ
Ҫ˫ֲһ·Ĳпʵ
һѵҪ귢裿


ʮ ҵϣ
ڳȴǵһЦ˵ƣûлλĺ⣬ô
˵һһתһ͹ⷢıӣü
һٶϸӪµĺøУ˾̩ѿڶж
ǱѾȥѰӣڳűӵϸӪҺǼ£һС̫ನۣҽѾ˹֮Ӫıл⡣
˵ţǱѾݹһѼ˳ֶ࿴ӣЩ񣺡СӣѾʮˣһ޳ɣʣңй֮ˡ
Ȿǻ֮£Ϊӱ־ıȴΪй˵ı־ֻȴЦԱƿóڳ̫и飬ڳȻ᲻ãͲضӰɡ
ǱߵڳЦüࣺãʡͬ磬ʲô᲻ãǺֻϸһӪǲǻˡ
˵ţӶʮĳ
ȫĮŲǺˮĻ˾̩ظһ񣺡жԵ
ڳҲỨֻǿЦƨλֵǰҵĳ˵ѣպйһգҿڱƤײĽˣÿ겻ˡ
жҲĴָ֮ԣ
ĳŵ
еڳЭϸӪҲ˳ɽӪ
սҶĴռĹ㣬פҲ⣬Ҹ˾ְɵȻ졣
ϸӪǼ򵥵ɷô򵥣ȫԱ֣Ŀеӡ󣬰Ӫ޳һҪʵĴӪ
ֻΪ͵յڳĽ飬ڵԽӪֻǵΪֹûһҲûӻκξʳ衣
ⱾǷԽϴ֪Խϵ︳ͣⱾһ£ԽУԸҪָ
ԭڣڼ︳һصۣκһԽӣһʮҪԴʳ£Ϊеȫۣװ·ѶҪ˳е
ڱߣԽ˵ΪأҪеۣԽϹٸеѵۡ
ڻҰ߸绮ȫȨֻûȡĽ飬һлϸӪ
ûҲǣפ֮󣬼ʹڷʣҲɳڷѲһǵΪֹϸӪǷǳʵشԼӪ֮УһҲûȥ
ֻżЯͭǮɰʣɰļ۸ҲǰӪҪֵ߳࣬͵ûڳһжϣϸӪѣһɳ죻ѣһˡ
פڳڵɽܶԽϹԱ򾪻̲ؿų֧
ʹ˵ϵսľѾ׼ͷĻڶܺˣܶҲͬѳ׼ǰϸӪĿȾޡ
رǺµǣʹϸӪǣͳһ´һǼϸӪʱк죬ϸŽ֮ء
һֱӻ״;ɽܶ󶨣;ʣһǵЧʳöࡣ
;ƷȻĻҪ࣬ͷţʮһͷ׾ƶʮ̳ʮʯ;Ʒ࣬һƷʰϽûӪ͸ߺɽܶСοϸӪοϸӪģǵˡ
ǿϸӪɱˡ
ܶ˿̲Ϲٱɱĳһ춼û·
۾ʬɽѪĳ۾̩ɽѹ
˺֮⣬ôôһǰ
ǶˣǱԽپһȵĺ䣬ǿֻл״²Уܶļôһ֮ͽȴʼղ·
ɾľ䣬˼ǰһӶֵסºӻʿ˵ϸӪÿ˶ǹÿ˿ǹֻҪҩӣװһҩӣͿԴһʱÿӵԴǧӵ
ľеܶܶ˸󲻳ǹôװӵ
ֻǺ̲ϵĳǹۼϸӪӵûһҲаǧսϸӪʿ˵ˣսӣǹдӵʵûбĽ͡
Ȼܶ˺ôЩʶһ㣬ֻ귨˱Խ˵ǻޱȾԽܵʮ֮ڣˡ


ʮ ҵ£
ܶ˼ȻϸӪһӵо˶ѣĵ׳ˡ
ӡУ֮УԽйܹԽиǸƽ½֮ƽĻܣҲа
йӶڱֻ߲һ֧ӪپҲǻҪԷˡ
˵ϸӪĹܴǸӣܶ˾;ûͳӢиӪ
ɱ˷ŻŲ·ʬȵӢܣֻҪиȻһô˲
ǽţḱ֣ڧܶѾԸϸӪУֻʵʩ֮ǰȵðӪиҪǳԣοƷ
ллϸӪĹٱܿͺзִӭ˻ϸӪųűлˣ
ϸӪپʮ˱ڣ죬ڽ˾̩ͳʵʾ׼ĲӣӪһЩܼ
ڲ£ʷƣһţһ࣬һʮˣװ˹ʮˣˣӪвͬ
ű½ųǷ͸ˣžʹ־ߣǹܴ׼л
ű˵ֻǾʹһл֣߻ٶͼӿˣһű̽Ӫ׼ʲôл񣿡
ű밴ķԸǹܴ׼һ񡣡
ܴ
Ҷˣ
Ҷһ·ϸӪ£ȥӽŰϷڣȻ׽ࣺãããͳȰ˵׹ڣ󶨾Ϲعˣû뾹ܴ˱ʡ
û뵽Ҷ˻ⷽ룬κһԽʱ˶һѡ񣺡װˣ
ҶԣܴǱͬˣԺͳǰҪԼ䡣ҶΪĺ˵ܴ׼
ͷϣľ飬ഺڵ꣬Խ˿Խˣϣ׼õл
˵ţѩһʢӥҶϷܵӣһлⲻɾ⡣
һϸӪӺƻ㹻ȫӪ֮ãΪɽ·׼һƻ׼·һīұһ
Ҷ۾ܼ⣬һ۾Ϳһ˵ҲаٰʮЩοƷͬˣǾֿˣλͬлˣ
ôӥ󣬿ɲһ˿Գµġ
ȻϹΪƷϹһʡֻйһأõĹԱɲйһʡʡƷҲ࣬Ȼ˵ܴʮôɽڣܶŷ˹ܴĶ󡣡
ȴǳһһ󲻹һٶʮ׼ͨҶһ˵ĹϵҶԾȻ˵ټһ̣ɽڵĴСԱ
ֻɫͷѩʹ˸ɫѩʱ⣬ȥֵܶǱߣǲҪһݡ
ҶȴЦˣϵܿڣҲ̫࣬ܶǱʮӥĳ㹻ˡ
Ǹܲɫһϵĺ֮ɫЦܴǴ󷽡
ԭ׼һЩ˼ֻԺӦˡ
ȴܴòˡҶ˵ϸˮ֮ߣοһԣϹһʡƹһأɽԣ˾ԡ
ɽʡȻ˵Ǳ߸۵˵һǧƽйȷʵһ֮أϽأй൱磬ܶʵҲ൱йһ
ٸӥÿһصţһ뵽⣬ʱˣҶ˸߼
ҶЦˣɽطʮټСʡ࣬ùӪˣʱգ󲿱سɵڶӪΪҶĳܴҪ顣
ô
ҶԵص˵ȫȨٰӪиˡ
£Ҫʾġ
ҶĵȻԣԿɾ֡
һ뵽⣬ӪиͼӪ޳ͻ


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ҶͻȻ֣ϸӪٳиϸӪǼֱֵһᡣ
ӱ濴·̫󣬱ϸӪʲôʱͷˮˣиϸӪ̫ûˮ
ֻǱѣǰ£ҶȻȫԳһˡ
˵λǻף۽ţ˵ʤһЩʼѹ˵һ˵ףΪи˺֧ǿӶ
ԽϹʲôҪ󣬷ǵþײɣԽϹٷҪָӵȺҲǵͨײɣƾ·Դͳ߾
ڵϸӪֻһ磬٣ʤڻǿǱԼŲԺֻҪϹϸӪд棬һá
ϸӪТݱϸˮŲȴԳһӣϸӪıӪиӪ޳ͻ壬°빦
̸ܶһ£ѹӪиǣפ
֮ߣڸפɽӪεһˣͬʮڼ˺ü޸
׾ȨıϸӪͺݺݵضܾˣȻٳʰ棬ҶȻļȶȲڵȰȥãããǺú˵ѩӥ
ҶˣͿΪϸӪͣڶҴ㣬ǲ֪һǡ
ãܴ͵ҸϢɣ
οƷضҶȻͬѩţС޵ӡ
ѩ֪ŪЩӣζ㣬һſŰˣιȥóԣɰӰɡ
֮䣬ʹδޣҲʲôԺ޹˼ɵؽѩһ߰ӣһ˵ôҶȻ
óԣؿϣѩá
ѩĶ˸ԽԽãһģһĶ˵
˴ŽѩѰõ͵ߣ˵ҪиϸӪûɶȤֻҪôʱѡ
СͷѩشļͷԽԽͷ
δԽ۵һѣ۾˵ͶҲ㻺ʱ䣬ԽֱӸңҺֶΪ
㻬ͷɲܶһͷ
ѩ̺Ӷ˴룺ѩѩ㻬ͷ
ѩļ粿ЦţŲ࣬ʲô㣿
۾̸ԼĹ滮ȻˣҪúһ飬ҪϸӪÿѧ㶫
Ĺ滮֮Уһ֧ѧϰľûǰ;ġ
ڵϸӪ˵ʽǹнٸˣƱԽһǿĶ飬ʱֻڶס˷һĹ
ɷֻҪһŵԼһӪ˾Ҳ򲻿ȱڡ
ؽǲϣʱǵһĲѵأװȫװȫָӾͼսḻԼЩƴӾװϼʽǹʹܵġ
Ĳ˵˼ҵѵòǹͻ㹻Լ򼸳սˣ۹׶ʱҵսЧϸӪ޷ȡ
ֻиĺˮŬֲֻҪȡ㹻ʱ䣬Լѵһ֧ǿ֧˱֮⣬û̫೤ϸӪ
ѩһ߰ӣһƣǻжʱ䣿ٰ֮ǰǰȫ
ͻȻðһһʱ䡣
ô֪ģѩشһ˵˵
ԼδԽԽŷˣûȴ΢Ц˵µġ
ⱾʷʵĴԽԽܴԼĸʱ䣬ΪһԱþϽڱܺʲвڱԽɽҰм˲ʮ£仹δԽű
һʱ䣬ٽʿԶԶ
ѩȴĿת˵ҪʲôĿѧʲô
г˵ѩĿ̣С޲£÷㣬ʵҲ
ѩľһĨˣҪˣ
ϸӪѵĿҲ׼ˣҴӺǸûУ


ʮ £
ѩÿһë˽⣺ĸӣӺӵˡ
ȷʵӺӣװ˿һôûУ绻ͭǮֻϸӪȨأҲҶ˵ˡ
һװӺû͵оµİãϣöռˣ滹вٺܶ鵵ȫȻãȴأɲҪͭԪ
һӵ鼮䱦ϸӪܳһ֧ǿĻ
滴Ʊͨ£ȴӲϯй̫ƽľݼ̹һЧ顷ٷ滴һñ֮£ԴⱾЧ飬ȫļؽ滴
ֻʱڱ䣬ƾżЧ齨滴Ѿȫ󳱣µ֪ʶȥ¾
֪ʶ
ڴԽ֮ǰǳʽؿǹһ£Ǳձ˵άΪʲôɹάȴʧܡ
˿ΪЩάϵ֮⣬εĸձ˵ѧн𴫳꣬ʼղϾ
νѧָĻʱʱ˴ձѧĻܳƣʼѧѧϰ֣ʹĻڼ䣬ЩʼܽӴµ֪ʶѧϰŷڹҵеĳɹձڵĿѧ
ƾѧձάǰͿԲͼ飬Ȼ켸ͬһˮ׼Ļڣ֮Ѹٳɹƽִ
йͬʿ֣ͨ˽ձҸݺ鼮ѧ飬Ƚҽѧڵѧ缸ֻͬܵ;˵ռһЩϣʵ̫󣬱ΪͨκԴҲ
ʹƽЩͨ峯ҲûܶףҪ˵󿼲졣
ǰ첻飬ܰ쵽
ѩСĵشӣظ壬Ȼ˵˾䣺дģ
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ѩʶֲ࣬ο滹֣ʲô֣
ЦЦȴ˵֪һֻʶЩֵŮӣڿһƪдɵĸжѡ
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һʼѲߺ˳Խϴľû֧飬Ѿɳվڴڣżڻӭš
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ǱǶڽܿУǰΧذС
÷ǳǾŻǰ˻ֻһǹǴ˸߻ô޷ɼֻͬ˾̩Ǹͷľϵһ
ǵҪǹΪǶĹҲͣǹʱҲдѵǰбһЩʮҪ󣬲ѰоͿˣʹʮο𵹾ѰС
ǹָĴˣΪʲôûС
ٴο˿ֻ˾̩һۣ˾ڳ˼
˾̩˵˾䣺ȻҪߡ
Ȼǹ֣ǲǹһϰˮȾǿдʧִʮĻóɼӲѹ˾һ
ɼʵҲˣԽžı׼ʮ廷ϸʮãʮ廷Ҳõĳɼˡ
ֻǺܿϧǣʱ䣬ϸӪպóԵĽ˲ǹڶϰ¿Ŀѵ˵¶ȥ
׹Уһʮ׹УһУѶȱһϰ֪Ҫ϶٣ֻ˾̩ĸɲսǸɲſʼѵ
ϸӪ߲εѵڲǹϰʱҲݵƷֻʱá
˾̩һܹϰڳ۾׵СϷ̫ˡ
ǽܿȴ¶Цˣ򵥣򵥣ֻǿζСˣĺϷں棬ǿʼɡ


ʮ СϷ£
Ǹ仯ܿˣиɾˣԣǿҵ±죿
±죿ˣǱȥ˾̩뿴׵Цס˵λ֣ɱˣǹȥζɡ
ȴŲӣԱߵǿڵȻᣡȻᣡ
Сſƣ巢ٲǹı׼ǹڲԱ߽ܿѾæóһƽˣϵıٸһ
ɶ죿žڵϰڿһںƽֵӡ׻©ڻҩҶ׹ˡ
ʼû׹ž׵ĶԻ󲻽⣬Ҫʲô
ԼӴ˸ɫǱ˾䣺Ҫʲôǣ
˸װʲô˾̩żȤ󣬱ϾϸӪУѾڽܿϵЭ֮³ɹظװٲǹӵ
ԽԽԼλܴλϵţʲôᣬʲôһ־дҷ緶̫ǿˡ
϶ԣмֱǸС󣺡ûʲô˲ġ
Ա˵ͷͬ˾̩ǸСϷ
ϸӪһһͳֻҪľܿ˶ӼˣְְЩޱʵõļɽ̸ÿˡ
ǹһϰԭֱǲ˼񼼣ںϸʽӽųɣʴﵽɣҲаɣǲǹڶϰҲúܿռȫӪ
׻רµظװӵֹ߲ģҲЩţбػҰһżɡ
ĹעߣϾСϷУӵõǺ͵׻𡢺ڻҩװżӦúѧһѧ
ҲֻǶ࿴ۣϾϸӪ˹ǹʹõǹӵܸװٲǹԸװǺУ˾˵ܸװ˹ǹͺˡ
˾̩Ҳֿͬ˾ʮӣڸװ˵һӵһУû뵽Աץʵ⸴װӵܲ䣿
Ǳ߾ѾѵôȤĹڣ˵û⣡
һҪܸܿʮְװذУֻ͵˸תܵʮװװðӾͻˣOKʮףˣС
磡Хǹð
ǱѾס˾̩֣˾ڳСɷ죿
񶼿˾̩ڻˣԱŴȺڲѣôǰȥռЩǣپͲһǧ
ţس˳ףӲǲţȻô
˾̩ûشǱѾȥž׵˵С磬һء
ǲܲ
һ֧ǹ;ʽɵĲӣǧװĺŻһٶ֧ٲǹͼɻķŲǹ
һٶټΨһĺŲǹˣǵҩԴʼźܴ⡣
غĺŪһЩŻ͵ҩ൱ѣ½ĺ͸ѡ
ʷϣǷѾǧ֮࣬Ҳзսս֮ʼװٸٲǹҩͬԻá
ȻԼдķʽ˽ǺÿСսʮΣΪսмᣬĲǹӵϲģҪ˵ݳ޵ظ㲽ǹһϰǹڶϰ
뵽ֻҪõ׻𡢺ڻҩ͵ǣһרù߾ܸװٵĲǹӵˣǾļ˴ûᵽһ㡣
һ뵽Щ˷ѵļǧǣǺڵӶˣǱ䵹ǵ⣺ģӪǧ෢ǣ׻𣿡
תۿһǳ˵ʤе׻һСŪҲ⡣
ޱȵĲǹӵ׻ۣҲ׼дʹˣҲܷܺؾܺȥˡ
רŹƺҲӣ취Ūס
ǰ·𿴵ӲӵĲǹԼ֣ĴͷĿͷһ飬ؿž׵ÿһ
˾̩Ӳû׹˵ⲻСϷѣǶҪʹ˳ϾͿˣҿɱͷ
ûͷǼڶŵľ׵ÿһ΢˵һ䣺ǺԨͤ
Ԩ֣ͤ˾̩һ˵ֿ˵ɷ֪ͨӪܴһλСֵܿɷҺפЩʱգʲôѴ
ֳž˵һ䣺Сֵܣʲô


ʮ ϣ
׸ոոװһǹһ⻰̧ͷŷһͷΧؿţһˣѾڽˡ
ʲôضžף˵
ԭǾ԰ڵʱֻô˿Щëˣѿڶǹܴࡣ
ܿУҲú︽ϣûܴܶ༼
Ǳ˾̩ҲǾѹ͸ʩһ񣺡֪˧ݵʵ֮
ȴе˵һˣαôڣǹܴûУ
ˣұ֪ͨǹܴһ˧ˡ
һ˧Ķůˣ嶽ܳ˧ᶽֻܳƾţ̨ܱ˾ִ̩һʡȨܶѲǰһˡ
΢΢һЦ⼸룬ֻκǹܴһֻĳң⣬ʵǳ鲻շһ
˵ţǱһѴŽѩ뼸˹ƺ;ԵᣬҲ
ĶΣƻӪĶβ޶£ֻǵⷴϸӪǿı־
ϸӪжǿӾϾܿ
ͣĿͽֲװǹһõǹḴװٵĲǹһ㶼磬Ҳôһȫġ
ϸӪ֮УȴôһǿϰԼ˵ЩϸӪ϶ǷǳձСϷ˾̩ںͿһ㡣
ôǿӪͷôڿһɢĶΣп϶ǴţͷܴҲضھž޵
Ǳһϳ࣬߱ߣһλ˧
ĳԨͤ
һòڣ׿ڳϣϲ۵ĺӱʷһʵĺͳԨͤϸ磬ڱʤɾͻҵܷƳӢֽѾãʵ֪⼸λǣ
˵££ڱʤҵ̶뷨ĻֽնξۣԵĵּǿɻʤȴվĺ£һָߵ䡣
Ӫܴ䣿
ֽն¥
¥ƽһ¾ǵֽ뷨սնξ
Ҫ֪ⰲԶݺᱱߣƺڣغʡ޵֣һͰ߸뷨ôһǿȴǱɱ
ããããƽʱԸȣȴıԣһֵɽʡķøϸӪҲ޷
ܴӪ
ܻѫ
ǣã׳־˲ã
һָӪܴ
Ȼ鴫
ָܴ˸ܴһӪˣϻңǺǿԱ
ʱܴȻҲһããһϸӪһ
ʱǼ־ˣڿôӢ˲꣬˵ȴǵ壬ɱøУǵ˽ʱ׿ˡ
ͳ죬λܴȻдֲ˵ί
ȴǼϵ˵һδܡ
˭
ĴָָҺϸӪܴҲ
ĳʮ꣬ʶ˶Ҳûܴģδڣƺ˹㰲ǰ̸Цôһ֧һһж
ãܴһȷ¼һһж
˫̸ǢѾİɽʡķó
ɽˮٺ񣬱ȲϸӪĺ
ϸӪȲǽ绢ѩ̿
Ĳ˵ǸװǹһͲ֪úӶսˡ
¼һһж⻰˵ķڷ
ȴ΢΢һЦǣŽѩ˵ʲôжеһӵĹ͡
â̫ʢδһ£վĽѩ˴룬Ǳ߽ѩķԸ˵Ѿλͳܴ׼һݼݻȥ÷Σ
ãʶʶ


ʮ У
ѩ̬ע
Ů̬зȣǾǫ֮
ŲǹһʮˣƷǰǹʮˣ
Ȼһֱ۾ֱӻˣӪˣȴһ˺ǹǰŵǹûãǹһװܵ˼˼ɡ
Щǹ߰˳£ŵ˵¡ǰŵᡭƷЩңȴһһĺǹֻϸӪȫӪŻ֮ٴԾһʵֲǹʽ
ЩʽǹǹԺʱӹپлõսƷǰѾͨڳ֮͸ǰӪ˺ǹʣµһ֣ÿǹӵʮһҲûС
ϸӪ޷ϵҩЩǹ˺ȴǱˣȱǹǰǹеľƷʮǹս
ڵҩӦʽϸӪǸС鷳ǷһĶǵı죬㼸ǧ򷢲ǹѣĳЩװĲǹŪٷǹȴʲôʵʵ
Ǳ߽ѩٴΰķԸָĸҩ˵ٲǹǧ
һ̬һǺĵҩ
ǹ׻ǧ

ĽǶýѩ͵ùȷʵѩ̿ŮҲø˳ۣǾлˣ
ڿ죬ץס˵ðܴȢ˸ӣһؿˮ
һ̸Ǳ߽ѩ˵˾֪ͨɱ˸Ȼûдλˡ
ʲôˣˬӣ뷹һ˫꣬ӣǿˮݴģʲôûԹô˷ѡ
˵˵ϾʮˣһϯҲòˣֱӿż˵ϵܣԨͤһ󡣡
ͳ뽲һȥ졣
һм˷ܵ䣬˸ɫ˵ɽǺŻʺ֮أɽҪиϸһӪˣҺغţĪ˽롣
ҲվңɽӪķϸӪֻݽѡ
ֱ˴ˣղž;ջطģԨͤפɽפɽǡ
ԱҲȰͳĺ⣬㲻Ҫƴˡ
ѩĪͳһ⣡
ŲƴǣϸӪڣɽڡ
ãǱ˾䣺Ⲣи飬ʵݣϵ
ݣǻҵı֣óɽʡʱҲò飺ǰӪ֮£ϸӪ֮£ͳԸ
ǰӪںп˵ϸӪһĴڣ䡢ӪͷžŰˣǰӪһӪȴսǧ
ǰӪΪȷ棬˵벻˻ңһǰӪ鷳ˣ¥ɽ㣬Լĺȴˡ
ںΪӽǻǰӪķݵء
ﲢǺϸݵأǻѣԽֻܻƳӢ󣬲ʽ˺ɻǰӪפһľ¡
ʼеƼһλҷǰӪģдĵܻἯˣ˺ǰӪصѾǧɱΧ
ĵܼȵúбѵǧ֮ڣռݺԺв󣺡ҾģټҺӪһͬṥһݣȡ֪Һַ
һعԽɲʲôóˣҺĸӪͷͬҵױ࣬ȥرʤ֮⣬ȫҺĺ㽻ϸӪһӪ
ڹ˽һʾͷã
˼˵˴ȫṥϸӪһűս
Щʣֶ˵һ䣺ϸһӪս٣ΪţԵѡ䣬Яս
ϲһʿʮ˺Ż绢һ㣺ãҺ˸ʤ㡣
ȥ˵ĵ̫ʤԭǱʡʿȥͶĵĻƳӢ⣬˴Щ飬һ˭ݵӱҪԴ
Ҳи뷨ͼλӪ


ʮ £
ƿһˣαô
Ц˸֮ӪطɽãֻҪϸӪԣӪֺ
ֻλҲ׼һʡڽ̴£ʱҷȥͳڡ
Ҳ˵ϸӪɽ磬˴ʿתܵĵزģͳʲôҶ㵲ס
ת˵ӪӽԵЯ֣סɽŻãͽֵܸˣǽ̴һ飬ǺúþӪ㹻ϸӪ֮á
˵ʵԴ˷ʿ֮ϸӪɽվ˸ǲŷ̵ĴׯʵʵϹԼӦеһ
һСˣϸӪûпգЩࡣ
ֻ⣬񸸺ܲϲ
½С￴ŴɽĿ飬üͷøˡ
ƹ谵϶ѻӡƵڽ鼮ɺޣ
ĴѾյһɶͽԸԭַؽãǽ˺ܶĽǮؽСãÿݵĹģҲС
֮ܶеܵĴܵͬеķŭ
ɺ޵ҰˣѾǿµĳʵǣа취
ڰ֮Уһˣһйˡ
Ĳͬʮּܣ͵ʥĵЦģǶ²µĸɽʱҾԡ
ͽǶأŶ²̽ӣ淨д󹦣ͻʱŵ䵱ĹܴǶԷĲ
δ棬ֽնŻȻԺ֮ǣƣֻܵ淨˳ˮԱȴʱʱٻľΡ
ϵӣռݺˣ򣬻ƳӢ֮һȻ˺󲿶ɢһ񸸣ʼڷҵֻ跨ṩ㹻ľú;еҾװһǧʿ
һǧʿפڶ½սӣͬΪṩ㹻
ֻ飬Ѿķܾʹװʿÿ궼Ҫ淨ɺܴľø൱˳Ϊĵפһ½սӡ
Ƿʷ̼ľֻ˶ΣϣһЩǿȸ͵жǣҼйᶨһѾӺܽ뵽㹻ľѺʡ
Ƥ˹ңһ֧Ұõ鲽ǹ֧ٲǹٷӵټ˵Ļɲˡ
ǶضģģܽÿһҶõõĵطȥ
ؽǶЩ룬˵淨˶²ʱ磬֤ģ⣬кܶǻľɲкܶĵˣҪǣк֧ܽ֡
õϢǣҵõ鱨һȺǵѾռǻĸݵأǵòԮǱؽ
淨ϸıһʱֻҪôɽؽ飬ҿԼһǧͷԺѣ齫Żڣغֱ£ᵽǹҰˣɾ޴ʧʹӺǰ߳
ЩԥӪдԼʿ֦䲽ǹܶԸ𣿡
Ƕᶨ˵סǻʼڷ棬ڶԷĳŵʹڻƳӢսЩ䣬صԣΪ˷ǲ度ش
ǷȴʼղӦе֧Ԯһ֦ŲǹгֻҪʮԪֻҪһԪͿԻһǧҳϡɿսĻʿǵ֧Ԯ
õеһ֧Ԯ
ѪѾȼˣʹЩڵĹţǧ˵ֳأҪһǧǧʿͼҾ͹ˣǽֺ֧ܶȴʼյòӦеԴȨ
⣬ҷŭ֪ôܸϷ˰ش
ģӪҪһɽʡǵĶ齫ɢݵȥǧʿȻѡӪĲλ֣ʮװ䲽ǹķͽעǧĻʿ¡
ʥΪǶףףˣҲǳŵٴνʱǻĵһ


ʮ ҵϣ
˫̸֪˽轫飺ɷ񽫾׾СܽҼգλϵָװǹļɣԺɴ档
ûشǱ˾̩Ѿ죺ⲻǵСͳ˿أӪڶ࣬ƾ£޾е֣ܳƵó
Ȿ£ǰøոǵЭ֮£ýڵķϸضֹͣƳʮѡ
ֻ˾̩Ҫ׵ë˳˵˳ȥǱȴ׹ϸӪʲô壬ֻЦЦǵýؾСֵܡ
ܷԵȼգȹ˴˵ϸӪܸװٲǹӵģҲˣھȥ֮ǰѵһܸװǹĺ֡
ã
һϯ˳Եʮ־ˣʱ磬ôЪϢ
ֻϸӪס֮ôҲ˯ţշת˼أţȴվſڣ䣬ôˣ
ָָſڣŷ֣ӪĵǸС㳡ϵƻͨƺۼ˲ˡ
ҹδֻʱȱֻ˯ˡ
С㳡һƬžʲôֻ˾ۼ֡
ʱҲˣϸӪ˽Ǹɵɣ
ǸֱĿӣһڱˣƾ˼ֱ죬ɵһ÷ô۸ʲô
ֱˬֱӳţҵѲߵϸӪʿôڹ㳡ʲô
ϸӪʿЦܴǹܴǸϿΰ
ʲôΣʵôҹ˻˯
һʿָ㣺ϵǽй˥սʷ콲սʷ
ǱҲˣôҹҲܳŵס컹ɡ
ŵס𻰵ʿˣôŲסϸӪ涨ÿһҪѧϰӵ㣬ܶķ꣬ء
ǱҲˣǺʵأ
˵Ⱦ֣ҵԵʱվ𻰵һʿЩĻĿڴҲѧ˲١
䣬ҲǷЩ뵽ϸӪ˺ѧľ󣬶ԴȤܴ󣺡ѧʲô
ܴȽսʷҲżЩѧҶིѧöѧ㶫
ǹܴһҲ壿
岻壬ԽѧԽоͷϲѲߣҲҪȥ
ԽԽϸӪĿ£еսˣֳԼɨһۣûУ˼ϸӪ⾢ͷҲöѧѧ
֪ˣס
ǱԽȤ󣺡ѧܽЩʲôǹܴʮɣô˵ģ
ǸʿúʵܴǾսʷǶ鼮ѧģںñ˫Ȼ֣ͨģҵȡ
һ䣺ҵֻѧգֻһӡ
д£ŰɣŪңҲٳ
ǸʿеˣŲţܴÿνΣǵ㼴ֹҲ϶ིһ㣬ǽܿУڿΣԶིЩ
ԽôԽɣôǿ
ԷεΣްԣ
ϸ˵εΣܴεһ죬ҲǶʲôй˥սʷֻжʮȥڽΣڶ٣ֻʣ߰˸ˡ
ֻǵҶζֻüѪڣе棬ȻһӣӼˣǻΣԷܴ¹򣬷εģԺΡ
ٹҲˣֻܷ¶콲ΡʿЩƽЩγ̣С˵ûʸһʱΣһ飬Ȼټдڵġ
⻰˵ѾǵƲסĳ̶ȣһ䣺ǿɲԹȥһ
ǸʿǼǵͳ죬ôԣ
·ұȥһ㽲ôãǹܴһѡ
ǸʿȴΪˣϸӪ˵Ĺ̡
ʵ¶㳡ֻһٲľ룬ʱѾˡ


ʮ ҵУ
ŵ룬ðǹֵ꣬ǵһλٳվǰ棻Żʾս¡¡ǹһУڸšλӢµĹٳΧĴʯɢ裬ǵڵ˳ɱˡ
ͷվһļΪߴˣ˾ִ֡һдкֵĴ죬ҰĲʱָеķ򡣴ɮ֮죬йٳ۾עΪȫй´
˿̣Ѹȫ泷ˣսϣȫҲҵѶʬ壬Ȼ˾Ȼһȴͦڴɮ
ӵڵΧ죬ХȴȻ򾲲аཫ鲻Խ˵ҿȷй֮¡мʿǰȥ׽ʱ򣬺ΪʹʱܰӢӰԺаСʱûȥڵȴڵء
ǴҲһԵȥ˶ȥһֻץסľε֡
дɵ壬Լӽ̾Ѫʷ
ǰš
Դӵһζ֣ͼס浹µĴ죬ֻץס˾ε֡
ÿһˣʷ
סۣ֮¾нӣӢıǧйսʷһۡ
ʷҵʷΪʷݡ
ϷԣһۣʮսӪ뷨˱һսԲɱʮˣһٶʮˣһǧ˶ŵծϸӪ֮
ڷ˵ʶʶô̡
ʱĸ˫ҾƶΪıշת֮䣬ʦҲֻΪ󱥶ǣֻ;˵ݺΣ˶²ʶǰ̽գҲ跽㡣
뷨ʱˣɰƺڿʡͼߣʹֽնڴ֮󣬷˸ռݰϵжƣʱ޿̲Ѻӡ
ں˵ϵһԹӣʧȥӱʧȥһУܵˣò׼뷨˸һ
ǽ渵ż壬ţԲ԰һй˵꽲ѪʷѪҲˡ
ĥȭȭƺֻصǸƬХս쳤Х˵ǻѪ
䡢ͷ¶Ĺ㳡žÿ¡
ÿһ˶žǵ۾ɱöǳǦʼǱʼǵɳɳÿһڳĬš
ǳĬŵȴűдʷ
֪ҲԼ˵ֻԼõһЩȥ
йʷſһѧúܺãоսʷԼ뷨
ǹ˵۶˸ΪҪҪǹ˶ΪʲôҪǹ
ʱգɹˣԿȨϥʧܣҲԸǸ֪һսһ̽սһӵ֮£ҪЩ
ʱйˣûдӳ˯ѹľÿ£սһԺձ˵ɳп磬ĵطԱ֪һǰսĹ£Уʼջе硣
㵱зŭȨ㵱Ϊս
ϸӪбŭһ̡
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˵ɣǻǶ֪Ҫѵġ
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һһ㣬ͷĿվֱǸ˹ȥд£
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ʮ ս£
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ͨһͷˮУøˣӵǳصĽŲ˹ӵŭХԱʹĺС
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ô˵Ҳ׵ĵҪףѾľģڱڶ׼Ϊˡ
ԽԽԲˣڳȵɢ
ʱԷĶڳţһ˿졣
ͻȻ֮䣬ǽϷһͺͬǧͷżͻȻǽϡ
Ϸ룬Ѿ˺üˣһˡ
Ӷǹ׼˸ʽĵеվǽϣеѾǽǰܡ
ʷ֤ܵһ㶼ңϸӪǹͬһʱҹ俴ֻХǹȥļȫ˷ѡ
Ǹ˳ǽͷűŻûнйǹϰҹˮ׼ߣƾ˹ɵĻǰӸӼû˳嵽һ룬ǹסˡ
ͻȻͣ˵ǹǶؾǼֱ˼õ֡
ϸӪѾ˵һˣ޿ˡ
ͬʱǽͷһ߻ӶŻ죬һ˺üͷǰ塣
ɫ˳ӿ˹Ż⣬ϸӪʿܿһͬʱлſǽͷҿ
죡죡죡
űţʿװٶȱƽʱˣеˣֻϾҪ嵽ǽǰˡ
ٴװϡ


ʮ ⵶
ֻҪװϣÿһ˹ͻ׼ǰ˳
ֱǲޱȣ˾ͷ·ײһ޴ĽʯϣһܼͣĻǰĻ˴˶ʮˡ
ǻ·ˣ֪תˣԽǵǽǣֻǰ壺˲ȥϳ壡
ĻԾǽǿʤ
ںڰе˹޷ֺܸߵʣǷӵǵͷҺ󷽵˳ԽǽǰĻǰ壬¾ͱ˲ȳཬ
˲ȥϳ壡
ϸӪصǽҲʮ׵ľ룬Ŷ׼ǹڣж
ɽӵɵĻŰɱǹµĻֻűżҪðѷϵĲߵһϲͷе͵
˹ǹͣˣֻٲǹеʮĻ˵ĻЯŸˣһͬХŻиָĵ衣
ǽָ֮е˹ô̵ʱװϡ
һױսϸӪͻһ뵽ʤǰǲȹսѵʬ壬һּȵĿײ˵ǰսѡ
űĽȫǵǣʵ벻˷񣬵Ҫʤͱȵ˸ġ
һѪˮڻֲű˹һ֣׼һײǽϵĵˡ
۶һǹųʤϲõĻսڳ
һʹѪǽ£زȹʬ壬׼ϵĳصĶԷȥ
е˹Ѿֹֻͣٺűŭţ磡һӵŻһӵ
ΪһϷͽűǹõÿиɻݣǹĸŬƺЧ򵹵˱ȵĺ߲ڽϣѾеоǽ
ǽϵģֻжʮҪװϣҪܶʱ䣬ϵĲǹǹûаװ̵
£ǼȵĻǴЯ׼ⲫҶ黹вǰŵǹŽ֧ԽֻҰӡ
սѾʱˡ
£űżᶨޱȵ
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ΪĲ骣еŸΡ
е졢ս˫Ҫеʹһµ˼ǿࡣ
ͬһڵűŸȳʱţϸӪĸ飬ػĸ顣
ԭػںʱô⣬͸ĹϵôǢ
ػʼһȺں֮ڣ໥ͳ˧վ˲˴£籱ߵػᣬҵʤػʵĿ⣬ȻϸӪеǱ
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ϸӪǰ;壬һһϣ
Ϊ뷨骲žԼش
ϸӪɾԳеصһʹעע鱨
ӿԴݵش·оΪǰĲţȴųڴ·һ谭ʹٸߵɽͷǶҪȥԷһ
ͬʱǱŪ嵱оһⷽ鱨ʵڲֻ࣬Ǵ·һЩǵ鱨
ѣƾԼԼ¹ǹǰ骲òԼʱѧôʶͼĸǡǡһּܣôǺָжλ
·ҰӪҲ˺üأΪ⼸ƣǵж˳ֻڻ˷̻Ǹʿ֮ǵõһЩϢҲӼˡ
£ԽϵĴҹһҹڣֻиŻ谵ĵ˯ŵ
ǽ첻ͬˣվڲ骵λϣؿԶĺü綼ǵƻͨϸӪؾĵ·ϡ
ʱ򣬲骿һµͼһ·λ׼սʱûƵо
⼸Ĵ磬Щ̴ׯ֪鷳
ǰŵǰٶһ»ˣĵŴӲǹϤ
ǹԶȫûκвһźţŴ࣬Ǻ󷽶ԶԶǹ
ֵʼûͣϢ
骱Ȱļųչʱ׼սƷֶ׼ǰֵκεˡ
ǰֱ֧ˣ磡磡
ǹ˷ȻǹЧ֮⣬˷ǹѾò骲òΪ֮üͷ
˸Ϣ
棡ֵҪֵشжʮǿ󡣡
ΪһԱƷԱҶϸӪһԽϹԱ
ɽڵľңһྻ޳լӣҹɫҶȻڶżݹϸӪ顣
ϸӪаרָ𣺡Ҷ֮ˣǸŲӦ
ôһ仰۰ٱΪ˵ǽ걻ԭ棬нˮþиֱڻûġ
Ҳ֪ƾɽһʡ޷֧ϸӪľãλ״Ϊúƽģļÿÿĸīҡ
һҪлˮ㣬⼸﷢ЩʲôֻͻȻͻ䡣
һ󼱴ٵĽŲͬʮ𼱵ظ˹Ȼĺˡ
ʲô£
ܶҪ㣡ǸͬͷϻźһϸӪҪùˣⲻĺʲô
ôҶЦþͽˣǳ˿ǵಿǰи
ϸӪɽһ׮¾ں̲ϰѻΪɽˣֱڣ˫ϵڱ֮£ɽʡĹԱǰͲúù
̵ˣһؽ̻ǧںӱϸӪսϸӪ¶ʮӪȫˡ
ҶԴϲ⣺ãȥܶˣ
ΪһϸˣҪѧѩ̿ҲҪû٣Ҫ͡
ܶˣһϸӪսǹٸ棬Ҫһһ䣬ƴһţһи顣
ҶȻѹ˵ϸӪӪֻжʮء

ڳӰǹУڶ˹еǹٴ񣺡ųоԼһӪصҪشҪشǵԴׯԼӵиʽԼʮ
ڸԶҲ˻Ϣһ̴綼ӪԣΪֹ۲쵽ĵб¶
ЩװԱսҪشĵоҪúܶ࣬ǵĲɧţʮ˵ļűӦ
ԶԶشһǹȴҪɳһǹȥǣǾһȺޱȵӣʱҪԼŶһڡ
ΪֹŻûǲԶԶ۲Ҫشĵоȴòϣǳϵķãо
ڵӪԼкüսĵоװȫкǹлڣҪ൱ȴӪݣ޷򿪾Ԯĵ·
һ̴ׯǾۼ˼ʮǹκθڿĶ֣ῪǹԽ谭ܴڴׯ࣬֯װԱֻҪׯͻǷս
Ȼûвȫ𣬲ھϵĲŸҲǷȱ˵ԾˣɳͨѶܴ棡ѾչսռҪش
֮Уǧ࣬˼̵ķ£֮ʮˣʿףǱڻȫӪ֮չֱֳҪش֮бԼһӪ
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骵ȻӰ쵽ţŸǲȱçײ¸ߣģһڻ࣬ͨȹܴһٴء
Ǻֹ۵뷨ǲ骾ĵԣΪվϸӪ
ڼţڱߣûκβӸڵסϸӪĽ
ڽ֮ǰһЩá
һࡢ࣬һ˹ǹ飬һٲǹ
ǹ飬ֿչڻж֮ʿڣӵо룬𹥡
һʮˣһٲǹˣһ˹ǹˣټϲԼμ湥Ĺʮʿ
ͳʵٶʿоĹĹ¡


ףս
űϸӪ¶µһ棬һ˫˫ּ˫֣װ˹ǹƽʱµĹ
˹ǹܰװ̵ǲϸӪͲ߱ⲫſװϸӪĴ󲿷ֹ
ŴݿΣӿǽǰȥȴ֪ȴôĲп᳡档
ЩⲫһȥԴеĻһѪҲȲˡ
һǽſϻǹž˾ͬԽ˳ȥ
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վǽĲӾʹռˣѼǽǰĸҵĿꡣ
һʱ˲٣˳ذǰʿƵǽȥվվȡ
ⲫ̣ױӵ׼ֻЩϱҲȷʵ֣֮󣬻ܻ¡
ǰսžı׼Ҫ֧ӣȻûд̵ֻùǶʮһ͵ĽžעذױսĲ֮һ
һֹٵĴͳִͳ׷ݵսڼ·վʽɱ׷ݵսѪӵİױսȻϸӪֻѧһƣûһˡ
ڻ޷ʵ
űֳֹɱҿӲǽϸɵ֣׼ĸһǶ޷ЩԭĲèӲǱһֻͻڰױսɱԼ
װϣ
ȥ˹ǹװֵǷˡ
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ǵӵվɲҪǮһȥٲǹĻɱù½ʿĶ鵹һƬţ죬ǽˡ
˳һӴܣ˳֮ǽǽ֮İٳ֮أѾѪĥˡ
űüֱҪˣԼ˹׼װҩֻ䣬ĲΪ֮һ䡣
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ٵƣʱĲܷǹޣһսУһǹҲʹʮǹ
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Ȼ˵˹Ļ֮ͣǹֻܴһʵ˹ǹµǹѾ޼ˡ
սʼڣűһ˽š
ϸӪʿǣҲͬʵֻСѹţҵӵֻʣһˡ
Ҹǹﻹķ
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ű뻹ûзӦǱٲǹҲӵĴϢӵˡ
棬ȥĻȻźǿһ߿ţһ¼ᣬͼٷһιơ
űһΣʯ˺ˡ
û˿Ԯ


ʮ 
ΪһʮϾ飬ÿ϶Ӫ˯ٵļˣÿʱĴѲһսʱƽʱʼձϰߡ
żױڼŷϵλڵļͬڣ缸λͰˡһضԲסѴ֮˳ͷ֮գһ˸缸λ塣
λͬڣ¶ˣùǽϷסǹЦˣ̨ˣЩ̨õùˣ÷Ҳˣ̨ˡ
ҲôЦűʾԼľģĹ˸缸λĴ壡
Щϱȴӻֵ̨ۼţģ˹ͷú
˵һ䣬ȴҹԭԼǹͻȻڶը͵Ӫ
ֻԴһɡ
תսϾ飬Ҳû뵽ϸӪȻľҹо֮󣬾ȻֱӷͻҲ֪˶ٺǣҰǸϳȥ
ڵһƽеĲɽͷϣһ߳³壬һ߽е𣡡
ҹ֮еİ߸Ӳˣ˫͸żʮչǹսϸӪܺõطǵĻƣǽ֮ĶֱǴӲǹ̷һС
͵Ӫˣɽɽ
͵Ӫ
̨ģ
ûŪϸӪıͻλǽĶʮоǶս࣬ǹˡ
õͼĲҲĲռݵһ׼װǰͻ
ǿɲűװ˲ٹ֮ǵⲫ㣬ڵһߵĲֵо֮ǲֱٳڶߡ
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ĵĲѾӦЯĸŹǽҿںҹпֻܴӺХиеоǹꡣ
ǽսʿװϣǷӦʱˣ
ǵĻȶǿö࣬ʮ˲ǹȫŭ䣬ĵǴųǽµţǰһƬꡣ
ǵĶҲмʶܼĻǴû뵽һ֧ͨĺҲǿĻʹվڷ֮ҲܸܵԷǿ
˹ӵ壬żߵȶȺ;˵ٶ˺ļ⣺еˣ
Ҳеˣ
ǵڶߵĵоҲʮˣǸ˶ٵˣֻܴӻֵʵ
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ǹܼˣ˫ס˷ߣɽûУɽ
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ĵɽڶ׼ϸӪҩӣһĲ˷ǿʼȵĲ𣬴˷䵯衣
Ҳעɽڣߺţǵڸɵ
װӵ˹ٵĵɽڵϣǲٶףȻ۲첻սԶԶÿɽѾһ˶ûУ
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ϸӪѾǴĲ棬оĻõܴٻϣžͻڻĴҿ骻׼ǰз߸˵ˮԱҶϺ󣡡
ãιȻʧоǹڴøˣ骴ʿͣطϴϼǹųȥ
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骰еŭУЩļһǣôҲܶϣһͻͽսˣ
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ԱƤ½м򵥵İƣһרſǡ


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϶ˣҲ뵽һ㣬˵ǽ棬ڽǸղһֽ˵ǰǵĸˣʹϸӪӵĵòˣҲӲͷϳ塣
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ӭһһ꺺ӿ˵ܵܶûˣһŻʲô˼
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ٵǹչԱ㲻ûչһԱЩѾѪģһǸͷⰡ
һֱûϮϸӪͼʹڽΣʮ˶ûµִǰǶôɧϸӪ
ȸսвٶԸķȱʱ䡣
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ӪȻֻаŵؾǺͺͬ浯ܶ࣬һŵĺ󱸲ӺһŵĸӣϸӪľĹ£Դ˻Щա
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ƺðЩçײӪ˾ܱһŶɱȥˡ
ǿԽϹپҲòð亹ѾҲҪز
ᵽӪԽϹپϾ׳ޱȣΧĵоҪһЩҲ֪Խ˲ִ֮䣬ôǧӪ
ؾҲǸλǱؽһҹߡ
ҶԵؿһĻͳһټ˵ٹһʱܵһʮˡ
ǰɽȫʡıˣϸӪĻ𲢣ǲܣֻܼЩˡ
ʱƣⷽ棬ҶԿǸеĸֻ֣ҪϸӪһ©ͻָԽһȺȥ
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ӪǱߴǹǹ˫ͻˡ
ȫ׼ܳԿһܳԿ
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˵ţֺװһνӴ߰һʿ粿Ҳһ͵ʱİ
ԱǸⰡ
ΪѵʱǱѾǹʵʲôˣ
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ǰǰģǵоҪشݵһͻõ鱨һսĲӪرһֺŲǹͻڡ
˷װɧţҪشиļʮװڴǹͻȥĲʱ⵽ǵĲ䣬һͻĲžΪǵĲ䣬ûжϣϵĻ˵Ѿˡ
վǰǲ骵ĸ֣ҲӺػ֣˾ųĳǱͻŻӦǡ
⵽ΧأнɧţһͻʧӪִԽϹپ
⽫һθ޴жҪ˵оĳЩװĺǹϸӪ͵öึ׼
еѹеϣʹһľϡ
Ų骵ĸ˵ãǾҵͻţҪҪų𡣡
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ûоģ
ͻȥ
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ʣµʮѾһѰѴ̵˴ǹĴˡ
ҹգ۾ź⡣
Ҳһˡ


ʮ 
Զܿ촫˼ҵǹɱ
ԼĪʮӺ󣬱㴫˱ݵĺϢܴ˸塣
ݵʿû
սԤ֮УЩװôȵԼһĴϸӪҲǴºǹˮƽչսһ
ϸӪѾ壬ڴڵǽͷ߽ʬ壬ܶѪսһͷ׷׽ɢˣڻʣ¼ʮ˱ϵСǰ
骵ĸִһɱ˹ܴųˣȥҪشȻԸⵣ⵶š
ſǱĺǹرǲ骵ĸ˸ǼǵĻԣսһ죬һͷͷɽͻɱȥ
פصضûеסǣĽݱװ˼ʽǹºβսʼӣʮװ˽룬¶ͷҡ
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ߵǰҲû˵ʲô
Щζ
ĶߣҧĶ˾˵Ҫ壬ȻԿҵġ
رסѾʲôҲû


ʮ 
ҹtˮԧ콻÷£û˾ȴҪӭСɷ򣺡ɣǸҪСɾ
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ڵǸĮȫͬŮ˾ôɡ
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ƽʱһǧ֮һ֮ǴҪԼԼϵǸǿƵԼԼ⣬Լÿһ缡˶Ǹǵһοӣȴǿ󵨵Ů
ռ˱ˣʱȴһ˵ǸųѩѩʹȴӲҪԼϿˣҲǸԼ̢ʱʱֱƶ˵С飿
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ɫ죬һİţɣ˼ûˣСӰɡ
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ʷϵԽϣ̵֣ڶʮԷԵزţһΪͺỵ́Ϊ̨̡ɣϸڸܷӰ죬ĴԽսǰһȨǸ̨Ӱ켫
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ĳһа̣ųڰڹǰéĵ½ţ罫伸ʮѧϰȫܣºȻѹ˷Żأڸ߲ѾϴԹаһʱʹ֯ǫ̈̄ױ̲綼ûʣ¡
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ڸһԣɽڴĻᣬҪ֯ͻ㳹׸磬ڡְԱϴһԣΪԼõӡ
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ƪ׵Ǿ仰ʥ⡣
ΪȡȨҫȫҵġ


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ǰ˰֮ȻһССȻܶ飬˵ʵǶԷֻˣʮһ
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ʤֻһͷˮʹûа˰ˣǰʬɽѪĳҰ֮ڣѪһƬʬѻɽһ˺üˣǸʬķ²ϰˡ
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͵һĴȣĶػһ°Լôˮ֮ˡ
Ҫ֪ǰοǲ骴ϸӪԼԼĶ⣬ӲҪ¿ϸӪĽ˵ǡǴڣԼҲû¾ģֻǸдһš
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磬С֪ˣʲôûУ
ֻͷһֻۣý绨ȻˣǱϴ


ʮ 
ڸһѻ𣬸ıɽʡĸ֡ߵĵͷߡٹˡطǿǶͻȻƤôһֻԼǲĶ飬˼ұź
ȻǲǱúúвƴҷÿ춼ӵİ˵ϹѻƬǣóΪıѣݵģ˵ϱͬڣߣ˵Ҫɵ£ŵĸɶӽʮꡣ
ѻΨһûиıľԼ֪ԼĳϸӪսΨһƾݵ֧ӻ಻֮Ѿɳˡ
ľʿսҿǵĹűų׹һʮʿס˰˰Ľ̩ɽ
ӵڱ֮һӪųɹͻɹоΪ֮˾̩һ֮ɹһӪ𡭡
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ǰҲĶˣվ֣ص˵죬ԴӦҲһŵġ
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ţ
ǱҲ֪ٱؽͻƼʱûвɫӡֻ취м˲ˣīֽšӡˢšзϵкţ¾ôˡ
ǱҲŨҾͿȡᣬָ£ʱҼоɣұȥۣЩõĻԼǮС
ڼ棬ǻǱȽóģرڻѧϣظǰ鲢Ҫ̫󹦷򣺡һõĻԿġ
ǿӡԴԴϵӡֽڷ˵Ľ룬ԽϵķǧԶطҲǷǳܵӭһֻҡ
ŷ޵ļٱҷӻûаǵҵ쵽Զޱ߱ƵˮƽʱӡˢһԼ̶ٷɱ̶ٷɡ
ǱҲǳڷɵĴ֮УƷˣоͿ๦ߣɣ㵽ǧȥʲôľʲôҪ˼ɼ۸񡣡
ҲЦǱͭҵȫ׻ЩͭǮǮĸ֣ұ￪ټģʱҰȫ͵ɽ
ֻҪлãʱǼȿûͭңҲƷеĻ⼼⣺ֻҰɣֽû¹ɣˣߵѧͽҲԹȥæ
а֮ͽԽ̸ԽͶҶ뵽һ㣬ֻҪϹأϹأǮԴԴϵˣǱѾˣǰڵķãҰ˱ǡ
Ҳϣһ棬ָָ㣬Щͻͽˡ
ؽߣķģ߱ûУһеأڶбӡˢӪһűţ˭Ҳ
ֽҿɲͭҡķһٷ㹻ǻƵһӣһжһƬֽ˵˾䣺ˣҲٴǧɳǰڵķá
ٱҹߣĲˣɽʡžԵȨǷ˻ԽˣӡƼٱңȫ顣
̶ҸԷֹһͬͶ뵽رߵĲҵȥ
ǧɣôһӿô󣿡ѩ˱˵ʡŵúá
ǰڹ̶ѡֻСǮˡ
ѩҪѶǮֻ˵ȥǿǮˡ
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ҪĲӣһκսгֶʮԱǲֻսݣһԱʱҪսݣǶǰЭѾһҽҽѵ
Żܰ࣬Ĺƺͺսľ飬ֻҪսʮˣ˳
ڱͷϷΩһһﵽԱˮƽֱţ滹Щ֣ȻװĻںԺ
źŶԽĵλųе͡սӾͿԽųҼȿرҲԵڻҪǾĴ⣬ǱǰҲȥƴ⡣
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ֻôֱŵĿɲСǱ߽ѩţҵˣڿ֧Щ࣬ǵӪÿҪ߰ӲŹá
Ӧһ˵УǵµλÿҲҪ֣ڻǧӣʱҪùˡ
һ䣺˿ѣֱҪһǧļҵס
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ˣѩǮ飬ʵʹеĻԼˣҲЩİֲܲãһǳ顣
뵽ĻӡˢķɣʲôӡķɣˣҪӡ٣˵㡣
ѩǮ룺֪ܲܳɣˣҵһμǼԽ࣬鷴Խ˿ס
ҲӡɵⲻǽھͶǧɾȥ¸󣬱ͰϸӪļҵ׶ȥˡ
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ӲãǴǼֱˮһĻǮָڳʱǱԣࡣ
ڽѩ֮⣬ʲô˵ףֻϦ
ĸӣֱţҲҪһ˰˶ɣһ˰͸зսʽϲˡ
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ǳˣᡢҲų֣ǺԤƵȫһϡ
ǴڵȷʵʵСģȡķȫʺϴģҵ޵ǳ⣬ǲϡ
⡰ҵ֮ĸƿɲǿԣڱ˵ѧͽǵĸֻѧ鶼ҪᣬһͼеᶼȥռȥˣޱҲҪܽһȷһݣϻҪ͵ȵȣԼڼľƷѡ
оԼǼƴܵǼƼͰռȥ˴룬Լֻ̹˳
ѾľˣܳըҩѾ챣ӣܳǶ٣ʵսܸ壬СģãȫȥըҩзսôҲ㼸δսķ˰ɡ
ҪĿɲ޺͸ֻѧ飬ĹƣۿƼôȹһء
ܡ
ֻԼľʲôҪܡ
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ĸװﶼ֪˻صȫǰŵľ·ȥǼ䷢ǹҲ޷װһ֧ǧҵĲӣҪ˵װˡ
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δǰ;ģǰȷʵ̫ѣҪԼ˫ȥ˷
Ҫ̫ţѩ˫磺ھͺܺˣҪ̫ˡ
ڽѩĻУ縡ƲһѩҾĿֻһ֮ԶұŬ
ǵģȻѾԽʱգǻʲô谭ֵѵҵġ
ԸԼĵ׵ĻԽѩ˵룬һҵģںʱô࣬Ҳˡ
Ѿ˼ٸ˲ǹˣսϱԼһˣкôݱǰǧգҲÿԴȥ
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վҵ˸ֱʺֽһһ˵ѩҸġ
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Ǳ߽ѩȴһգ̧ͷ˵ѱʺֽҡ
ʲôĵܾûŻŵģȴɰֽʵݹȥѩҴˣµһȵĴӺòá
ѩŲµˮ˵
ؿʼд֣ддž;ᣬԱ§͵ȥˣ۾Ҫд֡
Ǹˡ
⼸֣ûһ֪ˡ
ѩд֣ѩԶ˵Ļ
⼸֣ǿƲסˣס˽ѩ촽
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۾ʪˣдһ䣺ԶֻԽѩá
ѩһغݺݵļͷҧһڣȴûöˣС
ѩ
˵ġ
ԶֻԽѩá
Ҫ˵СԶѩ
ԶѩԶ䡣
Ȼ磬ȴҲѩڣ÷С˵黰
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ﻹŴս̵ζڳ⵽ʬ壬ͷҵѾĻ۵Ǻ죬ĵͳʵǧڼ֮ź糱ˮĹƣҲֲ֧סߣײǹ֮ϣ˲ء
ֻˣҡ죺лڼֵܣҶغ
ڶԼĸݵأ˵˷ܵһˣһһȥлˣлˣ
ǰӪĸݵأһǰӪģĵռˣѶˣ˺ȫ
һۣǰӪΪ˶ԼĸݵȻģӪҲսһһлλģȾƣӪɵãš
ĿɨƵϣԺû˵ϸӪ±ǰӪ£Ǳһˡ
˵һҫ۵ģĪƺϸӪ
Ӳ̣һ˱˵о٣ؿرع̣ԼȴûԭΪϸӪǿһʱĿɨ֮һգҶ˽³ϣͬıϸӪԹǰӪǶ֡
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Աߵ䶼Цˣǵݣ޵ĳѰ˳Բİ
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ŵҲ˵ƣǿɲҪǺӪ
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˼ԣϣӰɽһŻϸӪеȡοҶҲǵĹͬ磬ǻɲλܴЩ顣
̾ݵʮݣڱƫԶĵشٸӣں˱׵ϸӪɽټǰ⡢˻ʡĸݵرʤǷ󹥻Ŀ꣬ʮݣڱʤ
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ҶֵĶ飬ųǧ֮ڣغǧսͬʵϾ࣬Ŀս֮Ҳ¡
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ӪɽʡǰӪ԰ϸӪϸӪõȻҪӪľøɣһոҹ渴ɵأʱе
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ϸӪˣǸҲûˡ˵ͳһңȻҲˡ
һ֣ǵǿƱԽһǿˣȲúʵҲú뼢ĺģ뵽⣬̾һӪƳҪɽġ
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̾ѣ˳ߣ˱֮ʡ
Ѳӣ֮ǰҪ·

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ƴԼĲŻصӪʱܵҵĻӭ
ֻڻӭ֮ƵһʱͰõıʼǽⶼǴ˴γһ档
ϸӪÿһɲɼǱʼǵϰߣű롢˾ֲ̩ʶֵĴˣÿҲܼϴԵıʼǡ
ơˣǳ˱׼ļ;٣Ͻıʼǧ֣Լû뵽ôš
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Цһ䣺ܿǱ߽Ȼãһд㿪ʼһҲĸº飬ٲ
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Ĳ˵뻮һʽװƽʱû⣬һȺƤ۾˴ţǾԻΪǰ֧Ƿˡ
ӭӭ
ӭӭ
˿˲ãʲôʱðôһֻһˮʽǹϹšŵвǻ˲ʿ϶Űٰʮӵ
ЩƫԶɽǹӵʼնһֹۣʮǹӵļ۸͵һ֧ȽǹӣΪ˿ڵֵܣܸܲӵΤүǱмǹӵþˡ
͵£Ǽôӵеٲǹǽӽڰ⣬ԭ䷢Ĳǹӵòˡ
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˭Ǽǰʹ߸ѵӣǱűѾ˵ˣǹܴˡ
ܴˣѾ֧ĺģǸʮүӦ
ã˵ͳ˵ˣӪկϸӪһҰӪı졣
͵µЩͷߣǽͷݣһϸӪţѼơʮһͷٽء
ִʵټʮʱ򣬻̸£ͷԭǸԨͤ׼ģֻǿܴڶͱϸӪ
Ϊ׼ͷлһƹʣԭҲǻɲƳӢʱ򣬵ʱͺδ˺³ܹдʱһͷٽĴƳӢʳá
ⶼĵľˣֵϸӪˣľǻƳӢʮֱԲ䣺ԺҲǺˣʲôԸ뵽һǡ
ȻѣһٷӵˬúܣԺǵɽһк
ʮЩ˰ǽͷݣͶЧҲΪϵ⣬һϸӪװսǿһӾ⣺ԨͤǱʮݣȥǲȥǵۣܴ
ЦˣȻȥʮݡ
ʮЦȳʾҲΨ
ͶЧԭĶ⣬ھͶЧͶ
һԶɽ˫ûͻ߻ʵԶҲܲǣڱʤһֶܰŪ̣ðѷŪ
ԴҲղǸʮļ˵һ䣺ܴȥʮҶ֣Ըһܴʢ١
ζ˵һ䣺ҶҲ˰
ǹǽţ֪˼ˣҶݶˣСͬ磬ʷϵҲ׽
˵⣬ʤ˵˴δ繦̿ʤݶˣҶֳϦദ޻˵ЩǺ㴫飬Ըܴǰȥ
ʵ˭͵¼ȻöãҶʮݱ·һսʧȥ͵ЩǿĲӦǧԽѰ·¾ֻһ·ˡ
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ȴǳأΪϸӪм˺ſǹ˲ˣɱתս֪ٷꡣ
ǻֲ̿Һǽװɣʮȫ׼ҶӲҵġ
ֻͨ͵£ȡʮޣһγǳһ룬ʣµһͿܲҶˡ
Ҷʮأ͵µ˾ǿȻ٣ĶʮΤЩЩһ͵ǽͷݣϺз٣ûһóġ
Ҷֲߣֻͳ켸ٱȴһһƳӢʮأΪǣٱȴܸʮʮ֮ãԽԴˣȴػضǳ˴۽ء
µսպÿԱΪһӪͷһӪͷ
װõϸӪǰӪԼӪӪͺӪʱټҶתսӪͷı뷨һսľġ
Ҷ֣Ӳҵġ
ͬʱƽҲټͳԽˣλΣ
ϲʿе٣ִ͵£ٹЩʱձʮޡ
һǿǰѳ̵ֻԶԶϲϸӪоٶȣֵÿҫһ㣺ѷͳ֮ʡ䣬±ǧ֮ڡ
ƽԻݼл׵ȨЩԱǰҲǸ˷ñ¹شλƽм֮
ְڣи˽Ե˴ñʮޣһսʤ
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ֻʣҶսս£ٴʤǿԸɴֱӻؼֵȥɡ
ǵʿ㣺һսʤ
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ʮ Ҷ
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źϸӪţʤʮ޾ȫǳͨ裬û˸赲ǣοǱ붯֣Ҳʤϵǹ
Ҷоɣ治ԣһҶֵӪʶ˴кҶ⼸겻ɩӻòֵġ
οɵæˣҿǴ˺Ϣ
óӪշǳţǹһɽڶ׼կڣͰڻҩͰǷλ࣬ʿվλϲűսˣһҪڿսļơ
ʤһ߹۲˵ʲô£Ȼָ·һæཻô꣬ĳûп㣬Ҳûְɡ
꣬Ҷֻǵһ˾ֿȣƳӢʤԽ٣նټҲûнӭ
ɱ˷Żаĸ弾ƽģֻҶֵ»ԥⲻһ֣ػʤ͵¸ʮү
λǶ֪ҶҲͰӭ˽ȥͷ˵λǵ·˵ˣ˵ɣ֧˵ˣʮеûУ˵һǹž˺иô˵ġ
˵Ҷֵ˵ѾкüҶ֪Ҷ֧飬ãȫԱװǹսǿڱһһãսܹװǹ
ԴԽϹٷʮ޺ǿ׷˵ǰ˵˵컨׹
ʤػϽ۾ɶúܣһ۾ͿҶֵ뷨Ҷཻʮ꣬ʲô⣬˵˰ɣǵ˵͵ģѸġ
ôһ仰ҶֵĻѻڳò˵ҵ뷨ʹһġ
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Ҷһ뵽ЩԽϷ¶ޣǶ౯飺һڴ嵱СܳӣҲԽʲôһƷԱ
Щ˺ӣʲôľ棬һĻǰ壬硣
ΪҶһѸ֪ϵ峯Աֻʼϲ̨棺ҲЩûҲ˵ˣеҲ֪ǸѸ֪ڹ˵ϻˣǡ
ҡҡͷ˭֪ûģǱʤȴǽ⿪£Ҷֵܣཻ˶ʮ꣬Һγ֪뷨ǵĸݱʡûøаοǽյң
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˵ˣ֮ʵĽسʱ뻴ԴٻһǰͳʹȫһָĴ֦Ӫͷ
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Ҷ⻰һ̾˵˵ұߵļԱѵһԱ˵ҾþʮޣаΪǺ졣
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ǺҶֳŸʮ˵תȦӣǲǽ˺𣿡
ʤȴǹظҶһ񣺡һ£ǺϸӪų
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Ҷ־ͱӪ֮УپܸɣҲ벻һƺ֮ߡ
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ǣͳˣڶǸģ
Ҹ˿ţпմҶ˻ܸ΢ЦʮҪСģǸǰӪҵš
ңǸһˣҶ϶ԲͶ˺죡
ҶִⲵӦҵ˼

ʤŸʮʧ飬ԸȰҶֻת⣬ѾģҪͶˡ
һʮޣΪҶֶһγջ٣ܺõض˲ӵо͵Ҳѷ˼ѡ
˵ʮЩ˶ǻľɲԼĶ⣬ؽʱɲóϲӣͲ֪ʲôʱջˡ
һ㣬һزʶͼͼͼõ˺ܴܿɲ򵥡
žһ߾Խӷӳǻɲõͼõͼսؽʱ򶼻ҪսϸɲԼŸɲȻõͼսѾܿ򵥵ľͼˣƵǦֻͼ
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˵һ䣺ջƻʮ֮Ҫһı
ʮԱ˵Ըͬųͬȥ
ҶֵĹϵܲӪܵĻӭҲʤʮһҶԳӪӭӣסӪıҲǹذ˽ȥ
ҶԸͶЧ죬ǽʿᣡһҶ־͸˴񣺡Ժ¥ա
ҲʮָˣҶֵ˵Ժֵˣô
Ҷͬ˵Ͷ¥ǲ˼
Ϊ˳ȣЦ˵óίҵĴ֣һ⣬ԨͤõҳΧ
ҵ˺ЭҶֵӪΧ˸ˮйͨҲаõҳΧܯԨͤУ빫׽Ԩͤһţȥ
Ҷȴݱ˱ɽȥҪΧˣ߰ӱǧһΧԼǶãȥͶ⣬޳·ãĳԸ¥һͬȥ
ʱȴǶƽ㷨ӶûУɱҶ֣²ס
ƽԻ֮˵һʵ˼Ҳͳ˵˼
˵ţóһ˳Ҷʮޣʮ֮ãôգɧţšҶ֮Ƶй˴ʧ֮ңδ覴ӽϴ
վƣֱѨس񾡣һ©Ҷ֣ͷĿһżѾ䣬ŻɽպʰұռݣȹұǿͶϣи;Ү
ԱͳԽҲһͬ˵ȷܶ˵˼
ⲵᶽѵҪƽǲƣ㶯֣ҴԽ֮
²ףɱִҶּͬ⽵ңౣȫ
ƽЦѵҪᶽȰһ䣬¹ϵң㲻Ҫ;
ҲԼ鷳ˡ
׽ڹ࣬̾ˣһ
˭֪ҶԹͶ˺ֻǾԹѡ
Ҿܸɣ˵ǽѰ
һĺôɱҶ֮󣬿̲䲿ɻȴҪ
ɱɱ˻ס
λǰ
ʹţҲǺպȻĻ̣ҲɣμȻԽֱѱеڶΡ
οҵıǿĵϵͬװõϸӪãǲ֮ı͸أټôһţҲͷƤըѴá
׺Ȩı
һžͰҸƽȥˡ
ĸҲǸţеľò̲Ҷֲڣеȴô·̫󣬻еĽȹ
ҡҡͷǲ֪ǴƳӢĺǹ


ʮ 
ҶվӪ¿ֻȺɽԿһǺ죬ں֮һĹӪݣ岼õʮ־ɡ
վλãܿĲãЯඥ񣬻кܶСڡ
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Ҷȴûشֻһ죬ǻҲô
ţʯݣױȫװĲעǵıҶܴغýааҲаһء
СˣҲܹԽа󻹲Ƿˣ
ǣ۾Ҳ㣬ûȷϢ֮ǰϴסҲկŴ򿪡
аӹӣֻȫźӰˡ
Ҷֵļϣеϣ
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Ӫܴ⡭Ӫͷ
ӪܴӪܴǰӪܴơһ죬һӷˣ£Ǳ仹˵ŵźǺҲԳһӪҿɲ
˵ţױѾ˳˫Ҷ죡
˫Ҷ죡˫Ҷ죡
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Ҷһ̧ͷչǰģһ˫Ҷս죬սȻҲбǣ۵ϵƬҶ
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Ҷ϶ĺ֡ϸӪʵ˫Ҷ죿
ʮ޵طƫԶϢԶϸӪŲᵽ˫죬Ǽֱ׹
ΪģΪ˰ǰһЩѵĻֵǰͶЧҲ˵ǺѪɺʬѳɽһҹ˫Ҷ죬Ҳһܡ
˵һսҶЩ˶мֱһ㣬ʮ߸ˣͶס˰˰糱ˮһĹóױʬ塢Աͷ²ɢߡ
⻹ǻֱЩ֮ԽϹٱοԽϹٱҲûôս
ʮսܰ˰٣ҧһжģȻ¶ӰǶһָ̻ӵģǧȷû١
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ϸӪҶʤ͸ʮ˵ľ䶼滰Ƿ;ϸ֡
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ǳסһֱȵҶպţȥ˵ǺиӪͷʮ׽ԺӪͷҲ໥׽һ
Ҷĵ׵ΪʧǷŲʲôرıʾֻǵʾöѣϣȴ˸գϾͱ¶⣬Ӧǡ
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ǱƽӲţҪͬͳ˶Ÿɣͳ˵˼顣
ӲͳԶ˻ʮ޵δ֪úϸеλҲֻʹ
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˵ƽӲӣд˸漱֮˿˻з߷߲ƽɺޣɺޣ
תԽϹԱ˾䣺Ҷֵ
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Ҷּͳ죬ˣһ棬ҶֵԼĴҶʮޣ񼫣ͳ촦á
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Ҷаţ֣ںУǰӪϸӪ㲻ܴǰֱҷȥ￪һʮɽ֪ǿ϶١
ȻеõϢǴȷϺҶֻǴϲ⣺ԸΪЧ
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˵ţǱѾ˰һȴϸӪģϸӪںղȫڣǹһ
ѶҲҶַģϸӪӪͷװܺãʱһȥ
ϸӪɳʲôҵУĸֵۣװܺá
ϸӪ˵һ乫Ҳò
ںҶֶӪͷǺ治ãԸһͬȥ۱
䣬ųס°ɣֽһ䣺ҵĹд
Ҷܳлסˡ
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һ仰һӾѹаģģ˯˯ۣȻμ֮涤ţһ¶Ͻ߿
ֻϾˣЩ̽ƭù۾ֻ亹ֱðĵ˭ɵģǻƶǻףƳӢĺǹ
ЩȴƽģҶֲһӪƽѾϢҶֻױܺýֻͬ䣬֡
ƽһ˴̽Ϣһɿǰȥ˻ߴ٣ѰٸҶʰõñҶֵһָͬϸӪ۱ȥʱС
˻
ȻǸʡ֮Զʵʴ˻ʮҲй֮أƽÿţֻõһʱ䡣
һƣϽд˵齻ͻʮȥ
ûϵƽ°˲˳ӲǰҪҶֱſҪҵĿˡ
ȨıЩһ˼źĹģȻﵽǧңǴõõĺһǧˣҳӿ˿ۡ
żָЩ͸úһҲԳٴϻôԼľá
ʮƽ̯һͷҲһʮǮҪܾúͼĳԺùܺɹװð쵯ҩһп֧ԺӹýͰ͡
ںȴƺҪģĲٿأһЩ²˽ƣݱûʮ߰еģǮ׼õģҲܻȥ
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˭Ҳû뵽Ǳעڶ峿ˣվУ۾


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Ҳãʡ׹ػ𣺡֪ͨһ˵裬۱øˡ
Ҷ춼˯úܲȣÿ϶ǾѹģŴĿ籩꣬
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˶֮⣬ϸӪһûдߣҲĺ˵ȡˣôѪǲʣ
˵ţִűͲ骶ȴңվżϡ
Ըߵģ
Ѿ߽˱֮УЩƺͿûˣվжȥȥɣ
Щηؿ˿Ǳ꣬ȴűͲϰصĺѾԽżߵǰȥˣǸŹܴ
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û뵽Լж֮󣬻ܴôˣڶˣеİųڣֻ±֮˲Ŷ˼
һ˹һкţã

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ҶһӪεģһ⻰ǰпֻ࣬Ǳ˵һͬȥ˵Ҳˣ
һҳ֪ҲˣֻǲͬأСͬ磬Ϸﳪģ峯ٲ;ܲ
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⻰˵ЩЩһԱҲĻ嶥Ÿɣֻ˵ϽɱҶ֡
УҶֵӪΧȥ򣡡
˵ţȴ˴һǰλˣҴͳ˵
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ڵɽȻɽ˺ҲǼ˲ٹڣҿϸӪһδα任Уһδη
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ȴⲢ棬ʮӹǿɲʮ塢ֻ꣬¡
һ۾ʹӹҵҶ֣Ͻ߹ȥסҶֵ˵֣ôðܵˣɡҲ򣡡
еĺϢҶ֣Ҫɱ㣬ΪԼʲôˣֲ˵֣ұ㣬ͷȥɡ
ʱСЩıҲ䣬ðŷ˾һ׼ľʿǹ
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ˮ䣬ŭҪ꣬Ҫˣȥɣ
˿̣ҶѾǰʮֹʩһ񣺡ʮҶܴаҲ


ʮ ѻӪ
ʮҶܴаҲ
̸Żȴߵǰʩ񣬻ǳ֣˵ôһ仰ϽתȴԷҲȫʪʮҶ֣
ֿ˵׹ԼԶǧԶʮޱΪ˴ˣǱʤѾ˹λʮ޵ҶֺúԭĻƳӢİʮѾʮ꣬һԱѵõĻ
ǱҶ˵нʮرǧڣԸܴ
Ա߻ɫÿҶоԹֻǰӪϸӪһ򽻺ãֻ˵˾䣺ҶֵѡϲߣҪԴϸӪ֮⣬ܻȫ
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οһȫǹʱעڽսǲȽȦԴ跨ݶشսʮСʱ֮ãÿȦɵ㣬װ̫ӣ˵ܽȫߣս˫һ¹ϴ˼ˮƽ
зսԺʶ뿪ػʮޡʷϺΪԼı·޼ȴΰʮݵʱƳࡣ
Ҷʮ޿ʮ꣬һǧˣھԷйͳзսԺһЩͼʮһΪзδ磬ֱս֮ű1895ܸعΪӪʮ޿ʷδҶֵಿʮػйʧֱ֮ʮ귨˲ǿסʮޡ
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ոնϸӪԼ˽⣬֪ʤ骵˽ųϸӪеıƣҶֻΪһųɣǲװ壬೤һױɡ
ԼķչԼʧΪء
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˽Ժ󣬾֪ϸӪװ֮ѣ䱸֮ս֮ǿԼȻǴǹͶʤﶼֻıһųְ˾ԼܻһڳѾ֮ϲˣԳһӪǼֱǸǸա
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ֱ˵˵ϸһϵȨȨȨϣǱΪУһ˾ϡ
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ͳļ취Ǿȡַʷڼе취ίһЩ٣뿪ӣصԼĺϼ齨²ӣԸ˵ĺټӣȻٲԶǰȥ
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⼸ѻӪʼնæѵû̵̴򣬶Ҷ˵Ǽֱ󲻻磬ҹһ㡣
ѻӪôõװôǿսܵڵǰ¶ġ
һ⻰Щˣʱûʲô̿ɴDDҲҵԸԼֵĶ飬Լ˫Ҷһо
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ܾýѩҪҪö࣬ȻʱʱܴµĿ֡
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ЦЦֿԳּµĿˡ


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ԭ쾵һЩⲻ⣬һѰƷתսܿУʮ־᣺Ҫ֣Դ

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ҵİʮ˵УʮǸͭҺңʮ˶ǹα취ɵļѹء
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ĿѶȲڿװٷϣʵҪҲߣȻһӴ䣬ѰжҲǱں档
ĿǽʵսֵܸߣҲűĵһĿԼ˹ˣһøһ
˵ʣ˵ǵʲõĵһˣǵزѾҪָˣ䵱УЩҶᡣ
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һӵͿʼظװĲ裬׵жŵöˣÿһǹҪԼУ׼һ
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Ӫ½ɵӭǵһʹá
ѩ׵ڷɫ;ߵĲĵ̺ǽϻŲͻĸ
йŷʽſ˫ʾףûָ˵ıʣҷ·صҵĺϼңǳлд
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ھ¹ҵ˵־ǺҪģڵҩƳǣǹڷϸǹܣңңڣҲֻYYŰ˹ļƻɹƶ1853ǰǹõĺŲǹ
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ˣղŽúܺãȵˮʱٽһ顣

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ͷҿԼû˽Ǯ
Ըѩܸһľϲ


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ҪǮǧҾûꡣڵûƽյķţץס֣Ŀһŵġ
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ӭڻЩѹ֣ſ˫˵ûǮÿüʮ˳ԺûǮҪɢˣעµʽ𡣡
죬͵˴궼ֵؿһǣҲ̫ˣȻһѶȥѵ֪һôдģϸӪĵ̡
˴࿴һ۵˹ɣϼңһֱӰѾ豸ɽҪԼ⡣
˶ʱǹؽǧ⣬ǶʮˣǧȻ٣Ϊ֮ɫ
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ֻɲôҪزȫɽܶڹǵĵλǵسϸӪפȻͲԶˡʷϷͳԽϣҲǻеȨأǴӸݵͲɳʣƿסԽϡ
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ģȻҪԽԸˣܵóþеֻҪоþеһнаա
ϸӪΪʲôѸ𣬻ΪǼʽе㣬ϸӪôþȲϴɡһ겻֪Ҫڶپе𴦲˵һһɨü˺ǹӪڡ֮½ս˵˼һʩţܵѷڡ
ָ©ôеǰ;ͲˣƴƴԽϣܻüٸ˺ǹľðɣ
֮ڱУҲ֧֡
ȴһ䣺ϸӪδ֮


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˾ӣȨкͻҷУһҵĽɻԶ


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ֻǻֻܷƱӣǱȴλȥ졢˴ǻԵǡ
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ȻлеǱǺֹҵֻҪһ˿õĺŲǹ̫۸˵ºð죡㾡ܱʱȥ
ͻȻ뵽һ㣺죬뿪ҵм°ɣ
ûúúóﻭȿɽʡУȻڱʤٿУһٰѵ㲼赽ȫߡ
˵ȡʿ˵²ǹʮˣӵٷΪֽҷ׼
־𶼶˼۸񣺡ǹÿʮǹÿһӡ
۸񶨵üһ㣬۸۶򵽺üʿ˵²ǹˣӵʮӿһǧˣȴֻһٷ
ϸӪĳɱٸߣ۸Ǳˣȴ۸ǿ϶ȥģΪǱߣӶ򲻵ñĵط
οõⲻֽܻƱӣ϶Ҫ컨ȥרҵǶȣúеķ׼ƫһЩ۵Щʿ˵²ǹʮˣӵǧ
֪ӪͷԴϸӪѻӪļӣȻûǵ˹ľֻܽһװʿڵǹҪΪԼȡԴԺÿҸĸʿ˵£ٷǹ
ǰѱĲƷռȥ˺ôһ飬ѴȥҪӡƺеֽˣţһĲϷѣɣҪˡ
岻СǮãҷеңҪλúãطװ޾
Ҳѵ÷һ·񣺡Ǯҳˡ
СǮҶܷһ·񣬽ȥ޿ҺС
塢˴껹Լÿ׼оУϳ˿һͿûбĿԡ
ǱʵǲģһֽңͲ֪׬ض٣˵ֻȷʵǸ󹤳̣һʱǸ㲻ġ
˲ȱ˶Ǳпʧߣ֮Ǽɶŵӣڸոտʼ㣬Ŀһҵ͹滮ٿҷС
Զ۵ĵ˹ɣ֪ĵõҪеϢҲתżǷлǧʿ˵µĸװ׼ټʱ䵱ǧɱ˵󸽻Ͷʡ
Ҳǿװǣֻеټ׼ٸ˲ǹˣֻͷʹǣɹװĶƶ1853ǰŲǹѾʣˡ
߻󣬶ƶǰŲǹҲǾƷˣȻȥռһЩҲʣʮˣ˹ṩ½·ͨȻˣǶԷļ۸̫ߣô㣬ǵ£ʱ⣬׼ȥַ½֮ƽ
ܰչȻЧôһ没ӪͷôһأײµľãһĸķҲˣֻһǾַ½֮ƽ
£ӻեˮҲ׼½֮ƽ
һҲϸӪѻӪ֪ӪѾΪڣһڳر˵ڼľѾ쵽ˡ
һӣȥתһȦ뽭ѩ顣
Ҫ֪ͽѩĻڶ1880ũʮ£ֻмˣӵʵֻҪڱѾ޵ˡ
ֻ֮ǰҪ֮ǰðӵ
ĲӾվǰҶ֡˾̩ű˶վ࣬

ݺעĵţӶһ±Ҳͬϱһ±
±һǹǰŲûʲô𣬿ݣ⡣
Ϣ
ȻľݣͷȻϸӪ骣

飬ΪϸӪˣԸҴҳһѼ⵶ΪӦűΪ
骳У񣬴ԸΪϸӪ֮⵶Է
ѻӪܿУ
ȴһƬȻȻǵ
ôƹҲƵ
ܿȴһʤңûɫЩ׵Ҷ֣Ҳ񣺡ԸΪѻӪ֮ȷ棬ӷµ
ɲһڰѾƽ
ܿſ˫֣̾һ˵˾䣺Ҿɣ
ѡ̫⣬ҶЩϸ룬־ƺǸܽܵѡ
ںܸߵƺӪˣ嵽ѻӪƺԼЩԼʮˣҶҲûһǹʸģƺҲδԸ⡣
ܿϺþͺϸӪѻӪĹϵǸˣھҲеˮƽƽʱ̫Ⱦˡ
ǸԽܵѡ


ʮ ϣ
ȶڴʱ
һҶֺ˾̩ͬиһξʮ˱Ʊκ⣬еһ첻һα֤ٴһʿӣԳ䵱ǵķ׼
Ψһǣҵȴǽѩ֯˼£˺ö£Ωи⡣
һ·Ǻ⣬ӪгἯڸƽһͳ졣һսָӣȷǻףǹͳƹ
֧ʡΨһսĲӡ
ʷϣӪǧʵһǧˣǳмһʱԮ̫ƽðǧǲҽսλȥ˲ȻΪսԶڹ¡
ֻܽӪȥֻ࣬һǧΪ֧ļĹ
֧ӪĶ飬֮ʱͳɱѪսԺϹԽũಿսʱ·ʮ·Ȼ·ʮӪפԽϸء
ΪӪȥɽݻλƹͳ죬·ϷԸҵҪԼķҪ֪ԼֻɽҰ֮ˣȲйĴλͳǻ޽ؿҪء
һ·շɽȴôһӪָţǻͳоפӪ
ԶԶȥӪկȣƹǷʶˣ¡Ļ̫ƽսأųʤѧ˲ñĲԣӪرȣ汤
ҲͬԽӧñ£Сĵ̲ˣȻϱӣҲЩս
Щſǵĺ°²ɣϹŸʽıеǹеǰŵĻǹǹһЩװ˺üǹеʿ˵£е٣еǵëɪࡣ
۵Ǽȫµëɪǹëɪ˶Щļߴʿʶ㣺Ǿǹµ鲽ǹ·Ҳֻʮˡ
ʶֲǹľëɪҲëɪǹ1870¸ͣһ˷ӵĵ֡
ֲǹ̫ˣսڼΪһ಻Ĳǹһֱʹõǰӷҵֲǹڹǽ˺üǧ˾ëɪֻרȫոɾԺҾɻëɪʮ̫³˹1873Ҳȫչ⡣
ȴʽǹǰЩˮ˵ǹٻҪЩ
˵ţѾŲǹˣʲôˣ
ʮֿǰ棬кԽƹͳָ
ͻ׶ǱһһǿˣڴĽǰȴһֻ˳èԽϹҲʵʵȿдѲ飬ǸԾӡ
Ҳ־ͳˣŰ
׼ˣ֪һƹͳ졣
ǵš
ڿԽع۲֧ΪǿĽǣǵĺ²࣬ĸ֣²ɡ
սϴǱӪкܴĽװһЩʽݾҲӪݣܿںżܴҰս
ǹȻһ֧ӣֻһЩļĹӶʽľëɪҲϵņ̀ǹɽڣǵʿ̫Ҳ˵̫á
ӡһ֧׼Ӫ
սװԣԼϸӪѻӪҪʤ֧
ҲӪнһ֧ʱĻѾ˺ŻӪҲܴϼ̵ĲӡҪǣ͢ɰеҪԼ⣬Լܹһ˺ǹǮ͢ɵ˺ǹˣзսʼ͢Ⱥηǹǧˣɡ
߽о˵ʱ򣬲ʮֻ벻ǲܵġ
ĵһԱʮ佫Ȼоɫ֮Ҳ㾫ԱʮˣûжվһȺױһ˽һվӭԨͤ֡
λ佫ǻƹܶǶ֪ϵر׽˲ŵͳʮӪһηŲõ˼˰½֮ƽɷˣصǰһͬˡ
һھ͵ĹϵǺϷˣǷˣƹǷʶˣȻͬأȴݹϵһؿҪԨͤˡ
˵һָǸˣ˴Ĺٷλ·ͳཻ֣꣬ʱȹӪ
˺ͻƹһҲǹʡ÷ϵȥᶽӲĲɱðΪһ׽ӲǰȻ¡
ֻƹ֮ȴô׽ƹԻǳĳ滴֮Щ֮䣬Ҳ˵һ䣺ԨͤһֿԴˡ
֣ĵǿģˣͳԵԱһ·ͳ죬Ҳ֪ð̣Ҳ֪أͳ쾡һȫϡ
֣ʵҲܣֻϻЩ棺ããЭ½֮ƽɷָտƽ
ֻһۣһ۾ͿλӪλôǰûӢۡ
ǰ벽һϸӪ
ᣬûӣźװȺ۲ǻƹҲһۣôϹڣĪԽʿ
𻰣ƹҲǸĹپͿ˵ˣͳ죬⵹δأ¹֪Ҵ嶨֮ʱǰ֮˱ԽϣԽΪˣλӪǰһ
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һֻۣʮ꣬ҲǸԱȴ֪Ǻѯʵʴ˴
Ϊ԰񣬱ɽɽϡ
Աֶһ䣺ͨԽΣԽ콻ͨذСԽϵظ顣
а̾汳ԭΪֻһܾ֮ȴû뵽Ȼһͼ


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ܾ֮ݲݡ
˱зսһ׶͢Խϵλͳ˧δܸɵñǸã
֮Աελϣ峯ԱԽͨǱձֻսейͨȣǶԽֻ˽һƤë
λųϤԽ˽Խϵ˵֮Էƾ費㣬һ¹ǶŮ׼ңʸõڵ˵ʶ
һϤԽΣʵҲ̽ȥԽϣһҹһ˼ұ꣬һЩԽϵĸ壬˹һĳȴΪ峯һλԽרҡ
˵⣺šӶϵΪеãӪҲǳڴˣ¶˵һ䣬˲ˡ
ʱԽ϶ڻ˵Ļ֣ȷʵֳ˺ˣ֮Խϵǻ¹ڣԽǽеˣָˣ귢裬ȻǸˡ
Ҳ壺ͷ֮ĸ֮ˣǶҺɡ
ȻǸ԰ˣҶֽǰڣбǲܾһƬ⣬ǲɾͻðɣͳˣ˶Ļǰð
һѻ𣺡ݱĴⲣ죬ʮ壬ԲҴĶ£Խ귢֮񡣡
˵һ£Խʱ򣬷²ԽԲŰֻǽ귢Ź飬ʾԼҪ峯ԽϣԺзսʼ󣬵ҲǿȹԽ귢衣
ƹҲͬ˼ԨͤĲˣôúȰ
һۣҴһһ⣬պпͷԡ
ӪʱѾ˻޹躵׼һ⻰ҲɲȻһŭܽˡ
ǻƹֿһҶ֣Ǻˣ
Ͻ͵ѻӪܴҶ֡
Ա񵱼һˮҶݶˣʲôˡ
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Ҷֵ¹ڣõĹǱ߻ƹʢˣˣǰΪ棬Ҵ֮塣
ڲç棬Ҵ󣬽վѧԽķڣʮֲƹĻǲɱͳ㣬ͷ
˶ٶ꣬ͬĻһͳ˧ʳһĺҶִһɫǱҶȴǳǿӲӪͷͷӪ
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ǻͶ࣬˻ȥҪӳ顣
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ˣλӪٶǷŭǻƹͷԻ
֪Խ֮أȲϹڣЩвһ߻ʵԶϹܲˣܲţӪ٣Ҹʱ䣬֮𸴡
Ҳ֧ӪٻǴܲ½֮ƽ֮ս
һ䣺Ӫ٣ҶӪ٣һν˰½֮ƽǻͳŲô˵˼ģúãҪṦƣ͸ƣҪλͷΣҲԸһ
ǴлˣơĹζ˵Ƿǳġ
ﵹû⵱һ£ƹ˵ЩĻ֮󣬻ƹ˵ø㷹ɡ
ٱ㷹ݻ֮ǰǽûôݻϯοʮĩԽϡ
ǰŲһİѾʮɫٲɫǰֻҲֻ˼ӡ
ʮΪòԽ긾Ụֻۣܾ̊òϵ
ƹţûое磬ӵұŪԽŮҲɲˣӪ٣ɽ⸣ûУ
ҪҪսм㿪磬档
ںȻƣƺУһ֣ҲһԽŮӣǺλء
ƹھƣͷҲˣϹ֮أȲô己ֻһ㻹㲻ԱԱҲǻ֡
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㷹˻ƣʮĵԱŵ޼ɣֻЦⲻʲôλ˵ûУͤλˣ˸ӡ
ڷӲģûж𾴵˼ؿʼǵ廹ǵˣ˵Щ꣬µëַˣ·Щˣû뵽ⷽ滹
ЦѵͲ˴ͣӵȻԳǽˡ
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Ļ벻Ӳģ໥˵ЩƶӣյǲǺλӪȴЩ
ǿóλᶽʧˡᶽֻǸƷְҪְܶǰεһεҪˣǱ滴Ĵаѳˡ
֮滴Ͱѳֵطżϵľɽ
ӲĵĳʷػᣬԺŹڽϴӪ˻죬ûк滴ϹϵȻͳżĶ
ȥӲĻͬѲһͬι֣ΪһĹϵ£ǵˡֻҪѷӲļߣһʵȱᶽλþͳˣƹûָԼܿһᶽְλˡ
Ц˵ͤȻ⾫βھϣ˷ЩСȷʵǶࡣ
ŮһѣȻЦˣˣƽ˾ȻӦ
˻ˮܶ࣬һۣ˵˾䣺ӪˣӦ౼ҶӪ٣㻹عҴɣұһ
ݶ˰ɣûˣ벻½磿
վܾ֮һۣѱϵľһɶԲˣȸˡ
˵ţתߣֻһǿĺ󱳣ҶҲվҲˡ
ƹֻ࣬˵ĸ֣֪ġ
߳ӪʱֻѴ󰵣ֲָ
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Ҷָѯʵǲǻɽȥ
ȴǻͷһۣҲųˣҲˡ
˼˵һСս
ӦϸӪзսǰһˡ


ʮ սϣ
˵ϸӪ˻ƹǻϲȴǲɫƽһصúúóﻭﻭӪ˳һɡ
ƽɫ䣺ͳˣ֮ԵԱǰٽһԷɡ
׵ͺֲ࣬ҲǸˣǴݵ˵ʲôýԵģֻҪϵ½֮ƽĻ·ȥǾ͵öһˡ
ƽǼͷˣһЦˣӪȫٺŵĲӡ
һ㣬ҲֻзܰõԽȫǹǷĶ飬ȻųȫǹʮӪͷǧҲİٸ˺ǹ
½֮ƽǰǹ٣ۻôҲȲĴˣͳˣ˾ٺţǿ½֮ƽȻ££ǵĶ֡

ԼԹͱ˵ϷһĶ𿪺ü飬һ鶼˳֣ƽʹ⣺ڻӦԲ֧飬ÿһ֧鶼
ƣҾ͵ԵԱǽһԣӪϲ⣬ͬһء
Ǽͬ׵ԲϸѻӪгë֮ӡˣǲԽˣ
ƽʱ棬ʱȴһСѧһоֵİڲǣ˲ˣˡ
Цһ淴ˣǰ֮δ
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ײҶ˵һ仰ɽʡ
ɽʡ
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ֻһˣһһʮԱƲǴ⡣
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Ƚ˲𿪣ֱðɡ
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ʮľӪѾһ򵱷Ī֮أԿʽӪݡ
ƽһԭɽܲڴ˶ĵشɽһУμΪҪټ½֮ƽӪݣڵҲü
½֮ƽˣҲǱԽЩвнмʶһŵľţԨͤ˲尡Ұˣû뵽ڷˡ
ǲǳصģƴ˱ǡ
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ǶЩ׼֮ͽǻ칻ˣҲԼˣЩ֮ģ
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½֮ƽϢͨǶȫˣһҪǧ˰ٵָƽˡ
ģѹóԸǸͷ
Խõ½֮ƽǵĴЭǺһĽսǺݾֱЩ֮ͽΪ֮ľ
ƽģǿƴȫǲһʮӪͷ˾Ͳһǧ
Ǻ⣬ĽսǸͷȻԭģöƷԱԽ췴峯˵Ƕ档
ЩԱڣżһǲˣһϣܱһ棬ǹ⡣Խ֮Ǳƴȫȥ׷ģڸ˾˵Ҳϧ
ҪӣҪһ½֮ƽʤԼ棺˵ǿܻṴᷨˣڷ˹֮ǰȽ½֮ƽ֮
½֮ƽ˵仰оΪƣһ¾Ű
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ϸ˵ƣ½֮ƽƽʱųͳʹ֣ĵģҲ߰ٶŵ֡
Χ·˵ӽһ·ǣֻҶһ·٣ʰһ㡣
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Ҫһ㣬һرҶһӪ±֮⣬ֻԽɶʰǡ
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ЩͷĿ˵ЩҶֵľ£ȷʵܴ鷳úܣҪҪɸʹȥҶָóһ
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ǾǣҶҲϽôһӾͺͿˡ
½֮ƽϸ˵ҶֵӪ֮ͷĿȼ˲ϣҶԺˣطӪذ
أɽǵΣ˵һٶ±һǧϱҲöٸǹˡ
½֮ƽһ⣬Цܽ˵Ѱ·ֻеˣ


ʮ ս£
ɽӪҶ
ڿҶֵĲ֮½֮ƽЩĴǼֱֽһķߣȻһܳˡ
ǰǼС꣬ҶӪݣȴû϶ٹ£ֻм򵥵¥;һǽҲ޵ü
ɱȥɱȥСӲ塣ǻȸԾ߰ٶˡ
װ½֮ƽ֧ȷʵǲģǰŵǹжٶˣ½֮ƽ飺ǰѱǸСɽͷ£Ȼǹºϼ֣֤Ҷƨˡ
½֮ƽͬûôǹвͭڣɽϼǡ
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ϳ壡ϳ壡
֧ɫװչ˶ΣźɽѻӪȥǸСɽͷ⡭
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ڸúƱĵطˣϸӪѾկ֪ͨҪϸӪϽĸ˰ѡǽͭҡǦǮǺƱҹһ£ǽƱȽϺ㡣
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Ϊ԰ݷڷ֮ڵõֽңӪΪά
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Ǿôһ֮󣬺ƱǿкʿڷֽҵʱϵȥֽˣȴǶųζ̳ϴɾϻȥˡ
ѵһȥǷкפصĵطҪƱӷûкפصıʡݣҲ취
ʮµףѾ˱һ¢ϻأְԱнˣҵ鼰ʡ嶼ڳϣôȥ׷ӷ׼ĻҪƲҪķֽҡ
ڸʡֽͨѴԪϣҽȥҪſҵҪֽҸ󣬿ǼؽĴҵ񣬵ڲǧԪĴ
ȥУдһţԺľöɺиÿһٱ׼һۣÿµľȴ򵽴ϣȻɸ֧ȡ
ҵҲŸѹÿºжΪһеһ޷֧õķա
ڳԿն⣬⵹Ҫץ⣬ͷʹ飬ӦҲһ󻧡
һõ˰գڶɺдΪƾһвʽʼǵķſ
ſҵһеĸںлߵ⣬ӪһЩƽĿ
ͳйǮׯ˵ǲʱۺ񣬶ھӪʽҲʤһйǮׯſǲҪƷģƾŴߵſġ
˿̵֮⣬ҪṩƷ󽵵˷գڵƷһʡ
ܿ췢֣ԼĴҵ˴йϸӪҵ֮⣬ͶһDDѻƬóס
ں֮ϣŴѻƬˣÿ궼о޶ѻƬԽϸʡԽϾڻдѻƬֲ԰еѻƬ˶о޶ʽ
һ⣬ЩѻƬÿÿʱƿ޷ǿںṩһܺõĻأǲõʽת⡣
ʷϣ񵳵йũоĽɫרŷſѻƬˡ¢ѻƬóΪҪҵںñߵѻƬóڻ׶ҪзſЩѻƬˣЩѻƬ˵ĸ˰ԽҪԴʽת飬ʹԽĲ١
Ϊ˻׵ԱϣܶõһѻƬ˵ϹΪǰѺƱɫˣפкʡݣκ˶úƱٸɸ˰ǺʡݣٸĬϺƱͨһ
ЩѻƬ˵õĴͬǺƱǳ˺ƱĹĴֺߣҪ˵Ϊṩ˽ĳɵ
еſҵ񣬳ԵСũ֮⣬ҲǷǷԵҵӶ࣬غԵķſ߸֧Ƿװķſȵȡ
еķſǷųƱ̣Ҫ󵣱ƷʼߣսҵĹȣԶȱֽŶӵȴѾ֡
ֶζЩŹЩѻƬӸɴúڻڴΪ˰Ѻڻȥܻҵŵȥ
ںǰԭѻƬרƶȸһ谭ΪӦģҵ廹ٰһŴרԱѵࡣ
ǿƭҵģŴרԱѵ࣬ҪҵǶԸʽƭֶΣһʱκθƭȡ⡣
ںеԣ¾ֳˣںõǺƱҪȥ죬е붼УӪʽתһ뷨ľǵȥ
У˵뷨
û֪ڲϵطֽңѻƬ˵ķſǼֱһǮĹޣдȻҲڼٵǸǿƱӡ
ͨĺƱѾʮԪˣĴҪѾŵһ˰һˣôȥ嶼һμңоҪˡ
ô죿̣ɽͱߵļÿȥӶжƭӡ
׼ƭҵɲɽһˣкôרҵƭУϵ˴ꡢǵ˾һ֮󣬾İ̫ԭȥ
ִԽҪĸҵúԴḻΪǻ˱ǮһԪȥչСȻ׼װС
ָƭĴΪ׼Ŀȴͬ
оǰһƬںеıÿþˣŸѻƬӡ̵ȵĶڴرˡ
ʵϲѻƬĸоҵˣҲˣǵһ飬ƺǽ˺С
ڴҵʽˣ໥֮ľüľֱǴ̵죬һó״սǼѻƬȥ˻
˭Ҫ뿪˺еĴû¾Ҫ̨ˡ
Ц˵࣬õģǺҪһͶʣ


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һֻϣǶõۡ
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Ҫ䷨֮ɴ䣬Ҫ̲Է⣬ʱһ·ӣνά衣ֻȻǸְĻʵۣȴǺõó棬Ӳ׷
ǽ죬ڻˣ뷢뷢귨ܣҪ޿ǰѹڵˣҲֻǧ
ŭڣһԴ۵Ĺɫ䣬Ͻڵϣõ°ŭϡ
ǶǺ˼ҵŮʣǣûгòҲһŮ飬Ƕ䡣
õѾǸʮˣǼλʮ㶯ݣٴСñǫǫӣǰ˼ڣҲǱ֮֮
֮֮¹£ɷѾȼˣϴʲôµȶ֮ʣΪҴ󳼣ֻ֪֪ھϣ¡
˵һѣȴ̸Խе
ǰδ龰һģǰʵ۾˵࣬ʼδ֮˵Գɾǧ֮˵ϴ֮ȷʷ֮һ
ϮƣҲڿۣ֮Ժã֮˲֮õ¼λԺҲԺ㲻ٷˣ˵ڿѾ
ǳӶлɣõТƣ͸̫ҲЩİǦǮվüģҶڿȷǿˣЩ۵Сˣõ¶ᡣ
Ϊõ»ʵ۷һĻϳԵú٣һ䣺֮֮ǰ˼ڻʵ۵ˣɡ
εĹŰѻѹ۵ȥֻǲŷһӣõ¾ȻŭϸӪͳ飿ɺް
һȺɫֹڵˡ
ԽȣûжĴڣʮһʮǸܲʱ⡣
׾ʱϤɽֻڿ˵˷ǣʱǨ
ɽɽˣĴһƬĺ󣬵ϲ֮ɫȴǻҰúܡ
ϲ֣ϸӪϲ죬ǽļʹ֮ϡ
Աߵƽ߷߲ƽָǰ˵ǱӪӪͷ
ӪǸ±ɵӪͷҪʲô
ڶɽѾ֪ˣжٱ֪֮顣
¶֮ʣЩĶ⣬ɽΪ
رǺг֮ԽϹԱϸӪͺеĸƷе֧ҪУԱнˮҲͨзźƱʵ֡
ڵɽܶѾϸӪľżҪȫɽʡ¸ֱͨʺоͿˣ£󲿷ֹԱʶȤվϸӪһ
ƽɽ˽Ƚ϶ģָӪ˵ֹһӪϸӪһӪνӪʵʺʹӪеĳ
˵һ䣺ӪƣӪԼˣͽֺ֣ǹԼһˡ
һ˰
һڻмˣһӪһ˲ٺǹװˮƽѾ˺һ뵽ûȥϸӪ󻼣Ǻڲѡ
иа
Աƽ˵Ӫפɽһѵ򵣵ۣн̵һڣר˾ѵ١
ȴǺЩ󷽵λϸӪѻӪųˣڵʵڱ߿˵һָˡ
ʹǺڵķӣòߵ֧֣ҲǵĶ֣һ뵽⣬Խǡ
ǱƳӢơĻҪԶԸĶְ
ҪǷǵɣɽ̫ЩȴԲطǷˡ
ԼЩԽϾӣǼʹǧˣҲпܱϸӪɨƽοϸӪı࣬װҲĺ
һ뵽Щ飬ֻʮΣ벻ʲô취
ƽ˵һӪڣһֵע⣬Ǳǳҹ֮׳ҹӪУһ֮
һ䣬׾ͷˣµ棿β֪
ƽ˵ҲǸոյ֪˵⹤ӪϸӪһϹӪڽΪˣ˼١
ȴǲ˵ϸӪͼ󰡣


ʮ £
ƳӢơЩˣʹùΪɣԽ顣
һ棬ϹũಿûʮҲ߰ˣЩͷĿڻعҪóԽϴƴֻҪãҪļԱ⡣ЩũಿǾþս䣬ս𶹸һԽũȷʵǿˡ
һȴΪãƻǻƳӢ޷ƾձһǶùˣļԽ
ϸӪȴˣÿڶԽˣڰѹӪ齨ԽΪɵĶ飬һ뻨֮Ĺϵء
ǵڶİ
ǲˣдİܿɲҪԽϵĶƷԱǰѸˣȡصԴпܺ
·ķپӼᶨ뷨
ԽþսңɽȴǷȻзǳصľգϣó׼ʢDD֮䣬Ѿ˱ԽһҪѻƬɢء
ϸӪʡڲ˺ü˰װ˰Աڳչ飬󲿷˰գ˰˼ֱų˳ӡ
ʡݣǺڶֳ׵ĸˣƽ˵ɽʡֻʣٶ֮ˣ
ֻٶˣ
ĹӪӪǼɽʡ£ԽϹٸֱϽװɽԭеӣǾĶ෬󣬴Ӷǧ˵ֻʣ߰ˣڸֻٶˡ
ٶ˶ɢõɽȥЩ˵оٱʿǹ˻ȥͽֱͬ˹λڹӪļ֮£Ÿֽҵ
ƽǳĵ˵ôȥĻٹһ꣬ɽϹһһˡ
Ǹ̾Ҷ֮ʣȴһĪչ
֪ڹӪǷǳŵеɽʡڣǧҪӣвԽϾϱ
С٣ԸȥӪȥһСȻϾϸӪĴãҹӪƽʱǷ۵λȴԽ˺峯Ѳӵʹ
÷񣬻ʳܺãպŨңһһֵܵĸоǹʲôӡ
һҪϸڡ峯ÿӪ֮һٰʮЩƽʱԿնսʱӴһֱϮűžȫ涯Աƴơ
žˡ񹤡´ʣǳ㴴죬ʱ֧ܶǰƽ񶼲ԸΪųеġͬ־ҪǾơ񹤡DDڵʱһٵʣ˶ԽսʱָĳΪ
һؽԵϸڣȴһ̶Ͼ֧ӵʤһ񵳾йĸ룬Ǳ߾Ϊ˴Ա߽д䣬һΪһȴǰ˱ᵽĵزʿȻ֪
ϸӪУʼճΪգһͨԽϱҲһٵĹÿһ춼Ժ֮С
һַĵĽ
׶ֽûκκøУЩͨʿȻҲԼߵһˡ
ǲнڵػشԼ⣬ǻϰָ߸ϵĸоܷߺޡ
ᶨҪϸӪ뷨ƽǹǶԼˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ǱʵϸӪռɽѾбһǧˣϺǧˣ϶ǳǧˣһ֧飬Խ˻Ըǿǵ˵أû֡
ÿһϸӪľ٣ÿһϸӪʿ٣ݣֹһԽϹ϶һĽǲͳ˷
ֻ֪֪лרDDʵû޷ܣֻܽʵ
ʵˣϸӪһǧսмٸ˺ǹһʡĵֻ̣ܴһˮǰأͳ߾һǧ˰
λӣʲôеѻƬӣеǱԽǷװͷĿеȴǻĳɹʿʷ໥ӵ˸ǲ٣ڸЩα
ʤϯУΪػһϯ֮أֻĵλδرЩѻƬǿЩ
ЩѻƬΧתһ̣һס壺죬ͷеЩӰɣһ黹
ѻƬһǽԽ˰ڹȥһɣֻӵ˰ǸעǺеķſ
иǷһԪĴǾ͸ҽԪĺڻֻҲ֪ȤɽѻƬɢأȴѻƬٵĵ
ϸӪɽʵʩѻƬרгЧκҪõѻƬҪĴۨDDɽѻƬ۸࣬ϸӪھܾκʳѻƬ
ЩѻƬԼҲǽѻƬģ¢ߵѻƬ⣬ݺУǰг׼˺ֳء
ǺķפֳعԱͶͼܾɺڳҲǮƴˣںķ˿ԼֱӽѻƬЩйѻƬӾȻİͻ᲻
ЩѻƬӸӼǿ˱ȵľģ죬ʲôҪ󣬶
컹ǵһζǰֻжĴֳǹµζֻЦ
Ǳ߻ѾˣӶЩûʱһС˴ֽһذ
˳ֲһȴǲԾͷ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ϵȴһݼ򵥵ƾ֤ȴдţУرһǧɡ
һǧɡһԪԼͳȥһǧ˰û뵽߰ǧ
ԣֹ߰ǧֻԭʼļֵ˵ںеĹɷݶ˼ˣҪʲôᣬ˵֮ԭʮһɵĹɱҪɶʮһɡ
ƾ֤滹˵رɣ˹ɣݲֺ⣬һйɶ֮
ּעһ䡰Ϊ겻ֺ죬ÿʮɡѻ׿С˰죬Լһǧɣ֮ԶΪһǧٹɡ
һӱúˣҲǺеĴɶˣŶٿӱ˵һ
ǻףμӻԱҲյرɣʮɣǧɣÿɵĹɱʮԪƱݲֺ죬ÿʮɾתΪʮɡ
λյøһǧرɽǧɣƴֱʣһʱ;
Ǳ˵ȹ꣬Ҫѡ»ˣλѡµģʱһҪʢ١
һѻƬεľᣬǵ˽⣬Ƚ˶»ᣬͿԶָֻţſͷˣ˵ʵ죿˵еĹɷݣЩնǲģ
Ȼģ׼ʱһȨ֤ôҶһ֡
仰û׵Ķ䶼һر֮⣬õ˽±֤˵ǹûʲôʱٹرɡ
һǧٹرɣǶǧٹɣ巢еȨ֤ҲǧϵĴɶ
ǧɰ
֪ݹɶᣬͨɵĴɶǸôҲһǧɵĴɶ
һзҲյ˶ٹɵĻ񣬵ֻſһ壬һ̫飬ò̫á
ȤϣٿͦεĽѩ
һԽͯŮڽ˰úϡ
ҹˡ
ˮͷʣ廨ѩɫ
ѩ˶ȴǵЦһǻۣɲ۸ҡ
ô۸ˣЦˡ
ѩϸ˵˼üرɵİֽͻȥ
ˣرɿһ֮ʮԪĻرҶԴ˼Ųɡ
ʱ򻹲һŷֽѩһ㶼˵Цô
绨Цúܻ˽ѩ
һ̣ҸֻԸʱˡ
˽§һʺͷ໥ǣֱ߳룬ڽѩ̴нˣĽҺ
һŮǣһֱǵѩˡ
ˣֻʹ
黰ŨŨѾƲס޴ѽѩǸɾ¶˪ʤѩ塣
һۿȥǾˣһѩɣս۾ױ˼ÿһ磬﷢Ľ
ãѩ㼡شЩ죬ųΪ˵һ̣ôһ㲻š
ѩܶζɡ
ôˣ
ҵĽǲǲÿ
ѩһ˫㣬Өɰ˼㣬κβÿĵطĺ
ҵĽ㣬᲻᲻ÿ
ʱйŮԣԲΪΪѩ˫ţȴǺִŮԵĽһ㡣
ϲĽš
˵ţѾ㣬̼Žѩ
ѩͷһʯͷ˵ɣ
ѾĴ̼֮鶯ָ̽ţѾһƬŢˣС׼һԴˡ
ĵطǻعסСչѩüͷȴҸĽ١
͵ǰһʥ࣬ռ˽ѩ
˽ؽһһ˿ҲûС
עǸҹ
ˡ

ѩĳҹ·ǳӡ
Ҳһµĸопûգ
ֻǳղⲯĻᣬûʲôԹԡ
£ҸȻѩɰϧ
ֻŮ֮䣬Щ˵ĿദسҸ֮С
ƽһ˰ȥˡ
ӭͬƽһ˰һꡣ
Ҳսǰһˡ
һжڽչ֮Уڵȴеķſ
еҵֻݣǰõĶ»ѡЩߵĺǿǣǷѾһµλãǵѼѡƱǣһѻƬӾȻռ˽ǧɵĴȨ
ֱǸɵҪ֪ǧּ൱رɵ߳ɣЩرɷɢڲͬС
еϹȨ֤˸ĹעҶ־˵Եͼرɵƾ֤ʾ˼顣
ͬǾ޶ķſֽҷֽҷʮԪһҪڷſ˵Ľȫʸġ
ȻųһԪĿӣǷŸ˸ѻƬӣڲԽϣƱйϺ͹ʡֵĲֵͨ
ҪѻƬǽѻƬרð취õźƱѻƬӻΪͬ·ˡ
һУ˵˺еϡ
ںе㣬鲼˱ߵ߸ʡְԱѴˣ֮Բ㣬ȫΪԴĲ㣬Ѿѵ࣬ӽѵѧͽ׼йڿ㡣
ϲǣˣеĴȻʮԪĸ߶ȣǺиڷųһӵľء
йȻвǵѺԵĴǸѻƬӶѾѺΪҪľ㹤ߡ
ı˿
Ķ棬ɣ˶ռµλãΪʲôռһλã


ʮ ϣ
仰ʴϽץ豭ţһڣһ˵ֻһǧɰ
λŪµ˿˽ǧɵȨҪ֪ڼɶ֮⣬ܹһɵ̹ɣȻĹɷݲڴС
λǱ˰һ⣬ںеĲٹģĵǾܲܰʱţ֧ƱǷܻңǽȻܹҪһ»λá
Ǹ׼ũһװʮ־µķʽң֣ȴϳʧܣдʵ˵ǺǧٹɣôҲиλðɡ
ֿͬ˸⣺ǧٹ֮һǰӪϹģ׼ϹȨ֤Ļᣬǧɣڶ»һرˡ
ȴǺͳ죬ôҲһλðɣǰӪ˵ˡ
ֽһߣҲںеλãȻԭġ
ǰŪ»λãΪȻû죬סˡ
洫˷λֵƱ
ǻٳ˾ӣǸµ֮ǰдԪֻϴǧԪƱһʮɵĵѺƷԴ˶»ᣬоͬǧԪֻҪĳɵĵѺƷŻࡣ
ֻҪŴרԱʩһѹŴרԱŻһһֲѺ
ǸˣǧԪеһԪȥͶѻƬóףȥɱ͹طãһؾ׬ԪԺҲἫ˴һ¹ϣһ»λֵƱ
סˣ༸ʮ꣬ʮļ˽ۺϺƱʮԪ˼ҶƤӣ̵Ԫƽ
οҲҪǮ
ڱʤҿĻջԼӪд𣬻ջҲʱһҵ
зеֽңֻ˵һԪ൱һƤ˹أǲṩֽҶһǸϿͻóҪ㣬ǲŻг۽һС֣͸ϻջṩͶĻᡣ
ջṩͭԪǦǮƱ֮໥һһҵڱԽģҪԼİׯƱȶһɺƱȥ۳ҪѺƱڵͨеİ
ջӪһֽͶ⣬׬ȷʵ٣ϸ¹һ飬;׬˶ٺƱһֱʱ㣬޷һǿ
ȷʵҲпദΪһֱõʽӦս
һջֻǶ϶õһǧ߰ٶӵעʣȥ굹ЩˣӺнǧԪĿתֺŻݣҵҲΪ
ϱϾֻһǧɣʹǺͳ˧ĺ̴ҲŴרԱסˡ
һ˵һõµλãٶƱĶˣһйϵͨǷĴ󵨵ǿ
ƱȻвǮмԪƱʱעԼһջԼҵĻջϡ
رǸǮ໥һ⣬ǽεúܣһ¾ǼԪֻǸǮǲ٣ܴԼļ˽һȥתƱȴһֱȱйʽע룬ϻջ϶ܳΪʤڵĵһ̺š
ֻȴҡͷ˵Ī˵Ǹԣ£˵ﻰֻԣ֮ӵǧԪȫΪʵۺ񡣡
˵ӵſҲ⣡ϻջĿӾˡ
ȴǷֿ̣ȻǴɣǲȥڣҲԤְ֮ǰҪ󣬺οŴרԱٿӣǾǻӯĿǣ׿
Ŵ죬һ־Ŀ˵һջҪӣҿѾǧԪˣʽֻһǧ߰
κһ̺ŻǸҪõԼĵͳϸϸоһҪջĵϸ
رʾɣĺٶټţѵͲܶŵӡ
ûеѺſҪѺģ˵ջǷӹǹˣǲֵǮڽķϣٷһǧԪΡ
⣬Ǹ֮ͨˣ֪ʲô⣺ѵֵԪ
ҪѺƷջṩĵѺƷֵֻǧĿǸ㽫ˡ
ָҲ֪ܴǺһɶҪǰ˵ϸ¸ŵĿӣǰѱĻͳѺˣʲô⣬Ҫսˡ
˵Ĳʵ飬Щڶں¢ҵԺɽڵЩҵſһ³ЩҪȽͲ»Ǯࡣ
ڷſԪʮԪԼҵҳǼֱǮĺڶȻӡ˰ʮĿӳʮԪĴԼһ롣
ֶԵĹ׻ڲ֮Уֻûеè壬ĵֻܴܲӣûеѺƷͲɣ
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֪жԾеͻȻ뵽һ㣺ܴꣿ
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ʮһԽɺбܣǲĿƣԱڱʤɽûɣʵѺ
һ½⿴ܿⷿܣһһţУ⿴Ҳ԰롣
ҵĶʮԪʲôʱܵ


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ⲻУôֽһͶţʤۡԼһĽڣοôֽңҳӽϹӡ
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߷µֽңɱȻҪһЩ˵һ䣺룬ʮɺٷɣ١һǧɵֽңҪӽأжʮҲǳ
ȸ
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ںоͳһ壬һ˺У˵֨DDʦүģһˣȻÿһԶһˡ


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վϸϸԶˣһǮĲҪָ廹ͷ
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Ƕغм˵˰ͺˣĵˣ־ѹſԽƽԽڿУǱԽȳ
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˶ֽңǾһʽѣЩֽҵ˳·Ϊֹǹռ˴ԼǧԪֽҡ
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̻ʧܣϸӪЭԽϹٷҲּɣںڣҲǧڡ
Ҫܻ̣ȱϸӪͺ̨ܺԽ½սԶԶ
һϲָıһı̨ˣһͻȻ׳ֽң»ʲôӦ
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Ƕװȥһαʤתת۾뵽⣺Ǵ򲻿Уǡ
뵽ڱʤһƱӥСЩʵٺƱȥǾòӥˡ
ΨһԴһĻǼһջʵҲǧƱܴˣҾðЩΧˣôȥǾͿԽҷ״С
뵽ģӦȻΪȫ
ͷʤǷ˺ѽȥǻȥ˵ȥţȡܲܶõǧƱ
룺ǲ±ʤӣģǻԤȷбԣȻһң˸ġ
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ر־ƱʵֽңͬʱͨʱֱһĴڡ
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ŶͨµĻˣǱǽͨ绰ܻʮ绰С羭ֹתʼ໥ͨ
׺ͽܿϵȼɲվڸżԱѧϰҵ񣬺ܿǾͳ˹Ա٣ǴҶܿġ
ڱ˵ⲻһߣһֻӴǹũ˵ϣھϳ׸ĸһС
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еļԱζ˵ǻҪ籨
ͳԭ籨ģǷе绰ˣʱǮŲ绰ˡ
绰򵥣Ҳײ籨ηǼԱȴô籨Ҳе籨ĺôڽõ绰Զõ籨֮ߣҪҪп
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ⲻ⣬ǵʱһȥװ绰ʱӼ̨籨ȥţͨӢİɣ
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ҪӹϸǹܣһҪרҵϳרҵ豸רҵļԱ֮Ҫϸǹܸ֨DDһ㣬ͬ첻
Ҫ֪һûõǹֱܸ֣ʱڲǹܸ֣νƽʮʱͳµĸҵ˲ǹֳܸ˴⣬ľģжٵҪ㹻ӹǧǹܵţҪϷƷʡ
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ǹܣͨϳУһҪƵϳڵ˹ŪɫҲǷ˺ܴŵ֡
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˰ｫͨ˵˹ɵйⲿ־һѶȰ裬ǵ˹ɲط꣬Ѿ˵ҩҽ麣صʱҪϸļ飬Է
ǶԱܴ⣬ν׺󣬺䲽ǹһԭӵдԼİ֦䲽ǹ˰ӵ֦ӵһ֧κιӵ֧ǹļ¼ǲŵģҽһ̶ҪԶı
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ԴϸӪõķ֮ѾˣپòǷǿܿùӣһ¹ٱԱġ
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ȴżҶԺûйȨ


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⸱˹̬Ż𣺡Ǽһջˣ˭ҲܲѹҲֲȥ
һջṩΧҵͶ̺ſ̨ȻǺеҲſ̨һҧѺİһֳⷽԽҶܸ𡣡
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ƹ񵱼һӣ뷢һ̨ϵ˶ûĳ棬ƽʱԪʮԪƱӵСˡ
öƱӣƹһҶˣǷɣǽɵֽҡ
ΪʲôҸһУΪѹ׵ıǮƹһֽҶҹһۣɲʲôŪ˵ģǻʵĽɡ
ڷ˵Ĺϵڱߵѣ˲׶һֻԵӥƹóľӽɡ
ָٵһ飬شҶˣһ֤ðֽǻʵĽɡ
ѹ׵ıǮ
˵ǣǱ÷һҲûмôֽңԽ̻ᣬô෨ֽҵģᳬʮˣƹλС㣬Ǿһ
Ǽٵİɣ÷ϣҪ顣
ֻϣܿˣǧȷģԲǼٵġ
ǧƱΪٵĽɣֻһ൱ֵڽԭǸټı֣߶˵ֺ󶼻Ὣղص֮Уƽһ䱦ͨ࣬һջĽɶһƽʱ͸߳һɣֱʱһɰ롣
ҧŰɶһˣһջƹѾкҪɵĸϽ֣ʧʱһ졣
һлֵ̿飬˭֪ӵĽܶʱ䣬ƱëˣһȷʵЩ
ȺһЩЩ˾ٹЩȴǶһʮķɾߡ
һջʵȷʵۺ񣬽Ѿ׼ԪͶʮԪĽɣǽôһμң´һΪǵʵôһ㡣
ƹȴ񶨶еˣƾʮֽңѾӦļҡ
÷ǹɱڴűھͻؿջһǶصͷ˵һȥҸǧƱ
ȻѾ¶ˣ⸱׾ͲˣǶȴҪðŷȥһһջ
ţһջҲʮӣ࣬ʵҲ£˵಻࣬˵٣ӰǴϣġ
ϾһջѾѹ׵ıǮóˣϻеǵҩȻС˹ģ൨Сµ˻Ƿ׷װѺƱ˽ɣֻڶһȷʵǿˡ
ʹǿˣҲðѺи磬÷Ѿľģߴ˵㲻ȥ
ǶؿʼѾ¶һˣһջԪƱһη糱¶һ棬һǶǧԪСеˡ
ֻӲͷƤ˵ȥ
÷սһǹŽȥôӦȴַ࣬һ˻رҵȺֶЩ
ȴһֽҲ˳֮У÷Լټӵ㵯ҩϣʹģãǻǧƱ㹻ˡ
˵ţǷѾǶصĲ÷ǹͱȥˣʲôˣ
ûʲôǶȴһѿ÷ǹھͶ׼ǶأӵҲˣʲô£
ǶɫҰף˵òˣһƱҲˡ
÷ŷ֣Ǹ˵ŮʧˣˣһƱҲˡ
һϸиƽʱעţڱ˿ˣϸѯʼأԴӱ÷֮ŮԼڷڣ˭Ҳϼ
÷֪Ƕû˵ѵĿܣ⿴ؼͽǶûκιϵȷʵǾǱˡ
ǮˣܹһһǧƱ
ֲ˶ʮŮ
úݵһӣ
÷ɫòٿ࣬ǶѾԽз£ȥץˣһƱˣ
УֻǶضԱʤ죬˱÷ҲֻܵͷǵһСʱҲûȻǶأӰӶûˡ
ҲˣǱΪ飡
÷ѾĽۡ
ʵԩǶأǶһŮЯǱӣ֪²
÷Ŀ̫ԼǾͷԷɣˣǶضԼıŷúܡ
һջſڣƹϲҳҵԩͷûˡ
пǸ˵ףеǽɣҪʮͷ綼Եһļ۸ָպǸɱļ۸񣬿ôţá
ֻǴҶˣļҷ糱󣬴ҷԼڸһջǮ׷ͣˣʹˣһջǶҳ˽ɡ
һζһǧƱĴϣΣŮһΣһջСµࡣ
һջǶ˺ƱͽɣȥתͷɳɱٿԾ׬ɨDD⻹ǿǽƱֵµĽ
ѾЭˣƱҪصļλȥںƱѾȱȥжڻսߴٻƶֵع顣
ٹѻƬӻӣлִϺһܣĻƱıֵᱩǡ
Ǳոĺüˣһջƻٽ˼ɡ
֪Ǹд򹤵ĴУǵεĽͷú׬󣬸˵ǽɵˡ
ڲǺոļˣһּҷ糱󣬲̺ţзչǱӶԼȱתĺƱٹŵΣա
ֻȥȥһջȥһȵĸںеŴרԱѾ滮ոӡ
еǺƱʤʮԪŴָ꣬ŴѾôʤˣǻһкϷѹեֶ¢ҵȡ
Цú
ЦͬЦݺܵǺ
ӣһһǧƱֽңһɽɣǱǳǧˡ
޵ԺһŮһӣܹһǧɨDDѾܲˣ౻ŪĽãٸɶò
ǧɣ˵ǧϰܺõĹһӣΩһʧʧȥŮݣԺ󲻷ڽ̻ͷ¶档
ǽƺʵһЩԽ̻ûκε֮飬Ǹڰ硣
Լڱʤһʱ䣬ںƱıֵ̫ͣʺϳֻ֣ץסԼƤ䣬Լ뱲ӵҸ
ֻЩϾǶغͱ÷Ǵ˲ǹֹ뱣֤Լİȫ뵽һΪ֮Ľţ뵽һΪŮˡ
˵Ҳڱʤ̣ںڵļνӴ˽Ѿ¶£˼Ǽ¡
¾ֻҪһʱ䣬źƤ䣬߹˻̵ĽãǸŮ˵£͸¶ϢҪһٺƱ


ڰʮһ 
һٺƱ
Щؿ룬ϤŮǸ൱еλŮλЩʿںڴڼ䣬ԼûǮֻǧټƵ£ͼλԼĶȥ
ܿؼˣû⣬ҿԸһǧƱֻҪϼǡ
һǧƱ֣ͬ⣬ⲻ
ĿۺͻȻı뷨ԼȻѳţ̵飬ǷǳЩӦһʴǮ
õóǮµǧͽǼֱǻ½𵰵Ĺÿ»ڷչ֮УοڻѾʱǺеһȵû
ͽΪӺдȥչµĽºھ˫ν˵ǱΪ顣
Ǵ֧ƱʤչͽеǮΪ˱һԼʵѾȥҪ٣մӺһʴǧԪԭ׼ڱ߶ཨ̳ҪĻȫˡ
Ҳ֪ǧԪƱɲ˵ǳװ̸ˣֻֻҪһӣʲôλã
νսֱӴ̻ͽϲ˳һӰŮ˵̵λãҪʲôѡ
֪ܶܣڱܼ̻ͥᣬرɽʡڻǱС̻ᣬǻҪϢã˵ЩˣǰɯŮʰ˰ɡ
ɯŮ֪֣ǽֲ̻λŮ
ɯŮǱ÷ı֮һڽ̻֮ҪߣʹûһѪͳҲи֪ǸԽֲӣĹ滮͸õ»ʵۣ̻ᴫͳĻ·Уȡ¸ӣԽϱһ׵̹ҡ
һ߻ûгɹõ²ԽԽ̻ΪһعĴѼ鱨ɯŮʮںɾڱʤ
ǻ֧ǹٲǹΪ
һʤչﲢûд̫໤Ļװʿ˵²ǹװĶʮˣΪʤǺĴӪֻ֮һЩ㣬ֻһ֣Ǻ¡
ɯŮʤרƻƱѾ˺ϸӪĵߣ˵˹ȥͳ˵һ˵Ҫľһá
У֪ͨгһջһѾҵˣҪȡʱ˹ң߿԰룬ЯĿǹ
ķܺʣͽ˵Ǹ鷳Ҳȱǹȷʵȱ˵֧ǹǹԶ̣Ӧˡ
÷߳ΪɯŮֻʣʮױ˱ʤڣȻûпʼϣĴѲ߶ӡ
Ǳ⻧˼Ҳ˺ص㾯ʱʱ˹ʣڵҲݣرǶض֮÷ҡˡ
ںĴܣǼֱҪֻܵȵںߣͽȥ̽Ϣ
̻ڱʤʮĲ֣ڶ¶ˣԺ·ǳ鷳⻧ԺӵˣһֱͽݣԶˡ
磡ţǹſʵôˣ
ڲ飡˴鷳úܣǻ˰ɡ
űˣǽȥӿĳɶӵĵоüʮˣȫװǹ˱ס¾Ƕ̴ٵǹս
ܳսϰ˵͹ͽֻǹһǲһˣԱŮ£ȫ
ȻôһǺҲǵĳŵȫķ²Ա˻
Ǻܵ˳ͷõʵʵڵ棬ѳǹʵĽɣ䷿ӵ˻Ҫźľ޶ںѾϸӪתˣʹˣҲҪʵ
ҲһĻæνڷ粨ƺºսһڳ嵽ڣа´ķӺ죬Ʊıֱֵϴܡ
Ͷп׬ʵһջʵĴУѻƬӸǽΧںеࡣ
ֻûеĹϵֻ֪һջûʧ׬࣬¼жһȥĽӣֻˣһƱҲʵ
ʤƱţ
쵱ţ͡ʤ硱࣬ƱҵӻջзȥʤʽĺƱҵ񶼿齨һƱţųƱߵһƱţҵ
ʱųԪڹҲǶƱˣǵҪҵṩƱҵĶһҵǺиָ©ĵεΡ
Ѿ򶨾ģᣬ֮ڰѰʮƱгȥԱΪϸӪＯսʽΪԷһҪͣ׬Ǯķӡˢҵ񣬼ӡһٶʮƱ
ֻȥǽ⾯˾˾ҶָϸӪĵڶأ֮⣬Ҫڻ׵ǽš
ױϳɽ֮󣬳ھ˻סϸӪɳӪפ˻ʱ׼ȡ֪֮ʲô
ͺܿعȥˡ

ĺȫǺûôƣ͹֪ӦΡ
Ǵפʹڣά棬ֻһ뵽⣬ЩͷƤ顣
ѾŸϷӾ֮£ɾսźˡ
ţһȡãȴվҪߵһΪ֮աƣ롣
ĸףǴ˵һҲ̳˸׵ľλ˵ȣԳһ򡱡
˵λȴһƹʣ˵ʱ̷үеµʱƽΪϾȴˣһλʴֻõһλ
żУǿŸŵһºľλڣڲȥʹڽʷϵһΪ峯һ棬˸ĶԼؿ˹ӵ
һʹȴ⽻ӵľ棬бпݲƽʹҲ˵ʧˡ
˶԰ϲƣڸղŷѾ˾飬οʮɣԹ֧СӾ½ǿѲ֮á
֮У˵ƽֻҪһǧˣսҼƽ֮˻Ҳ
ֻ峯ЩԱϼʶ㣬֪ȵе£Ӣñ࣬һǧ֮ɵڵǧǿ
οϳ֮ˣſǲǧˣϱǧˣɣѾΪ˼ɡ
ս֮ʱһ꣬꣬òﻭϣŷ̸ţ˵ҹпһս
ʱ峯Աڣͬ˱żģѻƬۣ֮ڵѾͬնˡ
µĻиģĸо֮У򻴾ӱֻս֮ǰееΡ
һ仰飬һ˵֮
ܸ谭ͨľ顣
Ǹ׼Ĺ͵ԸΪЧԼȫҲһ׼Ļߡ
飬ԲǣȥһҪƽȣԽʵѾջļˡ
һһλԱллԹ͹֧֣ллԹ͹֧֡
ʮڷĲԤУˮ򲻳ȫְ֧˺ӵĽɣǲĴ󹤳̡
ֻǿʼ׷ӵľѻܿϣϽ䣬ΪĻ԰
ֻܿˣǸˣָԼҲ޳ðգ䲻޳ðգ㻨̫ྫڷ֮⡣
ǰˣһ˸ףһΪǸ׼ɹˣʵǸ׼ķˡ
֣ǣϻ
һֻ׼ϻһרҵĵרң˻ֻϻĻôֹ϶ĵãκһĵרҾл
һǷ԰̫ڱ֮עصǸDD־
ʵϣͷûбϵĳͻǶʵĹɣȰ־𣬿Ҳֳš
ں߷ڵһλλϣס˿˵һ֮ǰңҳ޳ɷʷõ֮һ
ڶ͹һЭĲҲЭĲڸۻһ㣬̨֮ǰԽϵѵ۱ˣ
ǳࣺǵģǷΣ
ɫˡ


ڰʮ 
һ˰һʮ¡
ʷһһº;½˶СͻֻԵĶִӺתϸӪսĿʼѾעˡ
ȡĺƽ£ǰľʮ׵Ȼڣ׺ͽܿ϶һֱҡͷֻû̫ս
ڹŪҲӹˣҪһЩʮŹʿɵرߣڵ
ʹõʱŲ̫ɿϺڻҩ㣬ôһˣ硭硭硭䣡ƽȥһڵըػɳϣǼҪȫˡ
ʱűգըڵһűըҪʵڵоϿձըǼֱǼѵ顣
ըŵѶȾ͸ˣȻڵӷҩҩʹúڻҩԱըܲ㣬ʹըҲֶֻʮƬƬҩ񵯡
ܿһ߻㱨չһ޻ըҩȥҩ棬һһǽֱӸװ˶Ȼڡ
˶ȻҲװţҪһЩҪ̣ʮȻڵֻж׵ףټϿɿԵ⣬ʹٲǹѹƣֱһС͵Ͳ
˶ȻڿԶһٶʮףܶʱڵоЧ⿪𣬶ҸҪǴڵƺɿһЩ˽ܿϵĽǣڵ˼·Ƕԣɽսʹսá
ǰѾԹһιǸ˻漫ʶȤֺǿϸӪȥΧȥ˼ȻȻں˴硣
ЩȻȻȥŻᱬըһʵˣҪ˵ը֮󾭳ըըˡ
ڱžը˴磬ֻԷըˣʱ׻ʮϧ˵ϧܻȡݡ
ڴ˶ʮ෢ڵըһٷ£ºɽկ˽δȻڵΪȡýһʵݻһˡ
ջȫʵݣٶëʲôطܿϺ;׶ˣǸĽʱµë֣ܿϾֱ˵˵ȥҪٻҪһʱ䣬ҽֱϿζᡣ
ϸӪĿζȡѾɹȾϸװըҩԭǼɷ˷ȴϸӪרˣֻǻһ⣬ϲȥʵʩСģıʵ顣
ÿζװ񵯺ըҩϾⲻȶĺڻҩǴըҩܸˡ
һСըҩװĽζᣬųӳȥʲôըˣʲô¡ڡϰһӵĲʵüͺţըһƬ
񵯣ǻִ񵯲಻󣬵ڲУвƷʵ֮Уܿ߾εõԴ䣺ҹʹÿζĻǵĿɿԻӡ
ȰȻڸãرŪˣⷢҩֻ˵䣬뵽˵㶫ԣ뵽ҩǿԸĽĽõ˹ҼרҸĽĽ
ԭӡ䵱ҩֻѶȹ󣬼ʵ֮󣬶޷ɹͻȻ뵽һ㣬һֶܳ䵱ҩ
ڰ·һֲϿǱʷϵĸʱѣºҲû̵ӡ󣬵һᵽҩˣ뵽˴Ĳ衣
׼ҩ
ôһ˵Ǳ߽ܿѾŷˣͳ죬ɲɣڻûȥ˶ˡ
Ե֮Ϊ࣬Ҳٺˣƽʱϲϸȴǹ˲ˣ̫Σˣ̫Σˡ
ļѵôãӲǴӾԶĻץ㶫ţмͣһͿˣûпζᣬ޺ͺڻҩ񵯣кըҩ
Ҳǰ·취ںڻҩмٷ֮ߵͣмƳ˴񵯣ݰ·ݣڻҩƳɵƬֻʮĵʮƬըҩ񵯿Դﵽһٰʮˣҩ񵯿ԴﵽƬϡ
ؽͷҩҲϸڣͷޣ˴µϸڣھʵ飬ͽ׺ͽܿˣʱרġ
ַҩȺڻҩȻҪǿˣһĺô̷ҩһȷһ·
ʱǹڣʹúڻҩֺ̣ٴҩ֮ȴǿԺ޹˼ɵؼ۲쿪𣬸ҪȻкܶȱ㣬ȻȴƣǾ١
ڶɽկȷϣÿӵļٳʮٶȳȻԭ̫࣬ϸӪ˵ȴһʹֻܱըһҲϲ
װͷҩװζҩȻڵ̺һΣֻΨһʱ䡣
Сʵϵϸϲϣ
˵ȻָԤезսôһָӣȻڵƼǴͷָ򣬲һУһعͷҪߺҩҩ·ӣǾǴ鷳
ʹУʱҲˣڸ͵壬ɿɿڵԼҪһʱ䣬滮еĴظģ¿Ҳһʱˡ
һ£пܸϲϣٸϲնάҵһۣҲҪۣͬĻͷҩ󣬶ɸ¸ѹڵ͡
ֻǱ˵ܸϲϸϵϣȫȥƴҪʺԱ롭ҪԱ
ϸӪϣǰȫĺڻҩǱ뻮ŴϴͣԱˣãٱһЩشȫ¹ʣԺԼİȫ¼ʮá
ֻܼӵӣѾľģͳȻ˵ˣƴȥɣϣܸϴսɡ
ͽܿ϶ܱۣŷ֮սҪȫ汬ǲ֪άҵڹռ֮սȫ汬һʱ䡣
Ҳ˵Щǿǽȫоҩ
ıҲǸ̨ӣҲҰԼӪǷֳ߼ҷֳ֮࣬߰ŵ˵һ䣬ϸӪȥһϸӪˡ
ȻڹһٶˣһҪͬϣȥ˵һ䣺˭ǰߣ˭𡣡
˵Ļأ˭ҲףڻûּңսһͲҪּңܵһ𣬽ܿ˵ˣɣƺЭҡ
һȫˣܸɴࣺ׻кǰ;ġ
սڼҪţôţȲϲŵٶȣܿΪˣǱֽһЩͷҩϸڣȴǱױˣͳ죬ǽмͳпյĻ̳һۡ
֪˵֪ˣȥġ
ڻҪ÷磬Ҫ֮꣬µĵڶһ΢Ц߿ˡ
ϸڣʹϲϵһսҲø϶ԵоĴսɣϾȻڵѶȱͨڻǵ͵öࡣ
ܿƽʱЩɢѵѹ֮ͱڿ滮ôơ
ϸӪһ͵ĳ̶ȣĹҵȡѾüĿ⣬Եǲǿⷽ淢ˡ
֮⣬֪ҳҲһרңˮƽԼⷽ治£ýҲͬˡ
ڲ⣬ʱʵʩֹ滮Ͼÿ궼˵൱ߵı˺սɨDDϾߵԽϹȡ֮ߵļԽϹ˸ΧԼ߾ļ
̸û˵һ䣺Ҳ£治УЩ滹ܰЩæ
һ˵Ƶ֣׾Щˬһ̧ͷȴóǰǹҫš
ǸʲôҫģһϸӪҲӪ
ǱȴǸͳ죬ʤ£Ҫȥ
һ㣬ʷϲ࣬׼عȥԮȻϸӪչ㹻ʵǰϣڴ峯ϡ
Ż룬Ӵ峯ŪüǧǹʮŴڣʮãʱںϵͳ֮Уǵʲõĵһˡ
Ҳûľܸߣ뵽һ±عô˭ʷ䣬ǽԼ߽ˡ
Ҫˡ
Լõѡ񣬶δʷͬõѡ
һ뵽⣬̾һ֪ôѡֻҪϼˡ
Žܿ˵ͽˣϣӱʤʱܵõĺϢ


ڰʮ 
ʤжһϲ
ΪϽ֡ĳУʱֻһͨģļ򣬵ڹȥİʱ䣬óӽٶ໧еһжĶʮó
ڳڻǿٺֻǱǰ࣬¾װЬӣȫҪҪ±ǹһ㺰Ӫˣ
ˣ
ȴû뵽ٸٲǹȻûˮ·½·ڳڵĺܶ˶ǱһոµٲǹŴ԰š
ţ滹ЩٸɴǹкˣӪ٣ã
ȴϵӪ٣ҲЦţӪ٣ã
ϲ峯ڣľҲʺ˶ܸɴࣺ˵ϸӪڶӣ
赭д˵һ䣺ûԭֻһţʵ̫Щô˵ҲҪһڶӰɡ
ں֮УǺڱģڱϾƷͭڣ࣬ҲЦʵǵʱɾܲչϸҰ
Ӫͷϵеϵֻ֮ʮ˺ǹһٶûУʿ˵֮ѾʷϺ࣬ʷһ˺ǹûС
Цˣôǹû룬Ūڶˣ
ԨͤҳŵˡЦ˵λʮ˿ǹ
ͬЦؿžеԼ
·ʮ꣬ǸƯˡ
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鱨еõ˺ٸٲǹϢֻ飺Ӻǵõİٸˣֻܵõٸˡ
¬üĿ֮£½սӵıɣͬǹһʮٲǹ
άҵ˵ṩİܹô࣬ţԴӲֿһʮ˱òǹ
һʽǹֳزӵװ¾ɵװֻвֿУܶ׼Ӧش±ļӵĿ棬ǰάҵУ
άҵϵԭıҪǿö࣬Ҳˣģǵһ½սӣҲսʤһǧ
ӵţڰǻʷɵʤ֮һάҵԶӵиǿĻ
ʱڱ֧СӵĻӢһܴϰٷڵǧӵκξʽӶĻǰѸٱ
ûֵܵסҵĲ
άҵ뷨Ѿڿսפڱ
һȺ׼йʿһȻвװǸãֻľ˶ѡ
ںǸ⡣
˿̵ͬ
ܵдҪǣһλеҪԱ˾ֿ̽ˡ
λԱ˾һλԱˣλԱԱͬӵзȨ˵Ĺְʹһ
ǲͨĹְһλĵʷˡ
ع߼Ա


ڰʮ ڿ
ʷְ˾ְλͣȴǸˮְ񣬿˵ϵµóȿԴ󷽷һ£Ҳɻϱװ켣
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ʷ֮ܵ£ǾίǼιֳʲôûһȴˣֹ鴫жҲ
˵ˣֻҲ֪ʷǷ̽Լ̸̻գҲԽʵ档
ʷ֣ʲôⶼҪԽվã˼ԽϹ
Ҳʵ飺δӣһֶ귽ʮ꣬ӰΪáЮ뵽ʱǲֶʦʺ١
ʷһ䣺Խϸ۾Σ
ԽǮᣬ˰ȻȻأԱʳɵطӦ񲻿ͳײ򣬽ԱһӦӦУδѵƽʱ˰ˣгƵ뷨˽̣ѱȫ
óԽûʲôʷɫȳϣԽΣԨͤаա
΢΢̾һʮȫգҲͲػعԮ̷߼ζʡַ־ݸڡʡ˰Ϊáߺط忨鷨գÿԼ˰ʮ˳һΪ˸ģظһڷԱһضۣ̽Լơ
ʷѩȴúܣڱʤÿ˰ɣк;
Ĳڱʤ壬ÿԼÿ±¿þװµȼԼӪÿɶöȫãɵʮ
ͷȴʳĵҪʵ⣺΢˴ٱܵУ߿˵ʤ
ʵ飺ǧˣ㾫¸սϧΪ̫٣ءԽ缴ϲѡ쳯ʩ㶫ʡ¶ˣֵʦ׳¹ָǳأפȷͷ֮ΣԸһ֮
˵ô룬峯ʲôⶼ㣬ʷ̸ʷ㶽Աļ
ʷתһθ󽭵ͬǸٳ֣ЦǺǵ˵һίˡ
̨˾Ӧġ
ȴԳһ£һ䣺Ժô
ʷѾ̽˺ĵϸԵΪ־񣬾ףУڱ¡ۼˣɫȻ
һࣺıӵ̫ᣬַ֮
ֲĻͽ˼ˣԶıɼɣδˣеǰǰӪӪβ󲻵ֲܶһ棬ԽԢũزѵƣֲС
ͷˣʷ£ʣ౨ְܶԲ֮Σ֮أǧֻ߰ʮǰ֮նżȻ¡Сʤԡη֮ˣԽһ˶
һ룬ڼһ䣺ԽרδҲеԲ編ˡ
д⣬ڲǧò򣬲̾һѣɶһ氡
ɶһ氡Ǹ˽ۣҲ

ߡɽ
Դع֮ϸӪȫĶԣǰѺ·ȫſ׼˺ڡ
ڵʱ򣬻ڻʱµ䣬㲨˶ҶҴƱפıԵסˡ
ʱҲǷڻϿһ̨֪λöرǰ·ͳʵ̫ǿȫûҺӣ·ӣǾԲܵġ
ӪͷָӵıҲӪͷһЩǲӣͳҲǰ˾Űˣʵ̫
Ҳİѱ׼˺ڣںڵķӣͶһıڱ߾չʵϰǹ浯˵ʱϸӪֱӿڳˡ
ȻǸɰ׻ģЩطԺǺͷսսرֽšȵأеľٶҪ̤һսºҪԳ顣
֮ҪԼֻƸ߾ȴȸߵľõͼϸӪ꾭Ӫ˲ŵǲ٣رʱӡ
һǾٽһʿٽ̵ϸӪսǸʱɵģѾ͸ɲˡ
ȻʱɣԺǼܶһֱÿѵ֮һɲѵһʿһѵһ֣ȡһ֮ڰйǸɶѵһ顣
Ҫһ㣬⣬иɲҪ뵽ѵһ֣ûа취ˡ
ΪʣҲ֪ƽʱô棬սʱ󣬿¾ֻͻˡ
ϾⷽѪĽѵսڼ񵳾һĵĹһͨʿûжٽĻᣬĽУܳΪһ٣ΪеľٶҪУҵûоУҵ֤飬ܴҲʼֻһͨʿȥҲֻǸڹ٣ܲĴ
Ӣʮξս۵ųʮ˻άĻҪı;ûоУƾֻһڼѵľֻ½ҾУʮѧϰ
ûӢĺһӻֻһͨСʮģȻֻǸͨСҪ֪ҪҪʿʿУٽҪѡ
սЩҾУҵľ٣ͬǺϸָӹ٣ȻоǿԺãرǷȱʵս飬رڽսп˵һͿ
ΪˣÿһʿĻᣬʹܳΪҲΪһľʿӿ˵ϸӪʱսǿӡ
ϾӵÿһԱǴĹǸɣų䵱ͨʿģѧԱֱӻýĻᡣ
Ǽʹƣᵽɲز㣬Լȱ٣ӪӪڶȫӪ
ڱźͨѶŶֱΪҪĸɲ࣬Ҫ͵ĸɲָͻʵս͵ĸɲҲжҪ١
Աƺ˵һ仰ôȥҶԼˡ
һҲͬĹ۵㣺ô࣬λô࣬鷳
ⶼԼˣǵȻⲿʵţǸо׸ȥ˵ϸӪҪµλҶ֪ɲĳˡ
ȴǿЦˣô൥λӪͷá
˵ʵսֻϸӪѻӪӪӪЩλ۸Խ˲⣬ͺսҲЩգϷȴҪͷʹˡ
ӪϵλҲһţھҲսţԱѵõ±ûжʵս顣
ҲڿЦ˵ɲǱԱڶȱ
ƽʱսʱ˷ƣӪӪڶƣȥҪ취תơ
˳Ŀ˵һ±ô²ųɲţڵȱ
ҪϸӪ˺ܶ࣬й˻Խ˶УǾѡȥһ룬ЩʺϷ۵ȫ飬ֻܷζԱ
һУϸӪķչ˾̩ҲзɧȥСһжָӣڵãôָӶѡ
˵˵ĵ׻ģΪֹϸӪܱﵽһǧ֮߰࣬ռƻȥɽ⡢˻صˣӿڷͶһǧһ
֮⣬л̵ɸӣǵĺǶʮӣȫװǹȻǰѲΧװԼˣװʽǰǹ˵׼ѻӵĹģһ
һ뵽⽫ǧ˵Ĵ˾̩Ϊ֮⣬ں˻ʱû뵽Լĺӣ֧ĵڶ
࣬ҶҲ൱⣺ͳ죬ǲҪǰ֣
ϸӪȫԺģֻһȴһ˻û̸ʲôڡ
ҶˣǱˣֿ˻ĵ̣ʡһϸӪ˻ء
ǵʵ̫ˡ
һ뵽ķֻܿסȹڵͷȻû˭һǹĹҲ֪ʲôʱ֡
֮ʱϸӪ˻֮ʣʡйأô˵ҲԼһݵˡ
ֻǱ˾̩Ҳ뷨̴ȻãǷֱء
ϸӪռɽʡ˻һѾҪٱפˡ
رɽϸӪĻҵڣʧϸӪҪٱԽҪפıԽࡣ
Ȼ˾̩Ҳ֪޽⣬̣ûлбֻٶ
ҶֱȽֱˬ±Ӫ͹Ӫֻװʿ˵ǹȥҪսĻһǹ
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Ϊʲôʱͺڽս
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˾̩˵Խ֮ǰ
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ֻ֪ϸӪһҵȥͬսǵѡôҲҪѻҵǰӪս
ʵֻһѡ񣬾Կޡ
һ˰˶꣬ķչʱ䡣
ǻʷ֪ʶжϣҲȫսǰĿܡ
Ʋǰһʱ䣬ȻڵµӣӽµΪս걸Ĵ㡣
Ĳѯһ⣺սҪжٱʮɵʤ㣿
ر˵һ㣺ϸӪ
ǧˣ˾̩һڣǧˣӦʮʤ㣬Ȼ䱸Ҫڲˮ׼
ѣƺͬĿǵʵôţҲǧ£ǹ»Ҫ鷳һЩ
׺˾̩Щ鷳һȽϸߵ֣кսϸӪ׵ģô˵ҲҪǧϰɡ
Цˣ̫ˣ
һٽ̵ĸɲϸɲΡ
ϸӪһͳҲһ¹ϣĿδջܴ󣬵ǽء
ڿ֮ǰұ˵ǣĿϸӪ߻ܡ
˲Ǳʼǣ仰˵ڿθͲڡ


ڰʮ Աѧ
໥γ̲֣ܼסǶ١
˶֪ȥҪڵģһԽʱȲǹڸҪӵս
۾˼·ˣ봫֪ʶ
ԶȽ
ҽſΣ
ſǿʱģҪ֪һֱڼ䣬ʱ½ѧ̹٣ģӢģ¹ģձˣǵĽ٣ڵڶսսǵһȵָӹ١
Ǵеľѧ̳̣Ӳٵ䡢ҪҰսǡսƬжͳ˧ֻҪأǶԴڣ߻ܵͳ˧ҪҲܴڸйѧԱ
ֻһſЩ̹ǲϵģһĽ̹٣ſγ̣ſεֺͨսԴսԴſΣ̹ٲڣѧ½ѧУձ½ʿʥУۼʵʱ򣬶йѧԱȥ
ſִһµĳƺΪսܶԱ̹ʼհſΪԼߣ½ѧ˽ſΡڿεһİ׶̹٣һȺûˣֻǽſγ̡
˹һսԱǿ˵ģ˵ǰѻĲǹԱ޷ɣһǺͻ൱ҩһĳЩսϵõһһεĲǰйˡ
ڿսǰйǿʦΪɵĶԱƣڰ꿹ս֮У԰Ƶ׳սǶڽūƵĶԱ֮£ǵѪдܶٱʱĹӶִһ
ʱǿǿȻսԱſϳԹһսеƱΪµλϵλȫ뿪±ϳԿ̫󣬶¹һսвŴ԰ϵλµλ࣬ǰߵľӵиǿʵ
ڽôһſγ̣һǿֱսʱûյĿγ̣ס뷨˵սһľսǳʤ֮⣬ûκγ·ս
ҪÿһˣÿһսôҪӳеǱ
һսڵ¹սҲνȫսκһǶȶھսǱҪһǵĺҪжˣ
˵ǧ٣˵ǧ˵ǧ١ҾöѹˣԽ֮ٿɵˡ
ʷϷԽ϶ԱıʵԸ⣬ǻṩıҪǣԽ͸Ĺң˿ɵװǧ
ԼҪıҩľʣһеЭսء
ڵ۹ʱ۹սǱǾˣǵĶԱΪˣһսͶս֮ǰһֻ׼ãά֮ŷСҾӵбǿľӣڶԱ֮Ѹٱһ֧ǧӴӡ
ɴ¹̨ʱ򣬵¹ֻʮӣ֮ڣѾӵһֻװݵİ˰ձ˵ĳʮսһڣѱ䵽
ҸҪǣھ¶ԱѧĴڣ²ӲŴʷս飬¹˾ͶԱ˼ʮεĲʦÿεµλһЩϵλ²εĲʦٴЩϵĵλλȥ
սܶԱô򵥣ǰһңһŶսķΧ֮ڣһսDD߿˵սԱĳɰܾһսʤְҵ̸ڡ
ʲôʱ俪ʼԱ֮ڶԱϣԱεķΣοβϵλ齨ϵλοսʡһŸӵµĿγ̡
պöսԱƽսϣδƽʱתսʱƽʱսǱ
ʱѧ֪ʶҪ֪ձԾٷеĻսʷҲ̸ԱصĲϣͳһֱؼ̵ձսܡ
ս뱬״̬ϸӪʵеһܶԱԤԱΪһǧ
ⲻǾӽս״̬ϸӪµÿһˣÿһӣÿһԴԱսȥ˶סˡ
һǧĶԱǵһĶԱƻҪʱ̣֮һ֮ھҪɣҪǲϵλĶԱ
ڶԱƻ׼齨һµλԤ¡
Ұƽ÷һƽʱˣڶĶԱѧڣ֪κһöѧĶҹԼˡ

ԱƻԤԱԱص㡭Աʱ䡭ص㡭
Ѿһսڼ䶯Աƻˣ˶ţǴҲ֪ƻǿеġ
ҶϸţѾ˼ԼѻӪĶԱƻԼѻӪӵиǿĻ֮ǰκһ˵ĲӻĹģΪǺ˵
ƻǿ̸ҵϵϵתս֮ṩ֧ԮҶֲͷ
ûѾסԱֻķҪԱϸڣѾ滮СλĶԱƻ
г˽λֵܣǶǾˣɰܾҵ֣֮
졣

һ˰˶ꡣ¶ʮա
άҵУû뵽Ĺأϸ룬ȥӻЩ
ںֳ񲿲ˣܶļƻһ²
˹֮⣬ָκζǺ
ȻĵͨѶϵ谭һЩʱ䣬ѾǺ׵µʱ籨˲䴫ϢһЩҪҪôʱ䡣
ֻͷ׵άҵУ˵⻹ǸϢ˵˵ˣͬڽһʮҳʱĶάҵ˾ָʾ⽻УھԱҪʱҪȫѭҲͼġ
ʺֳط۵˺š͡˹߶šѾӺúھϻ˸߲ҵʿ
ӵĺ½ս֮⣬Ƚɽʮڱݣʮӽֺ֧õ֮⣬Ҿˮȿṩ֧ԮҲɵ½½ս
ǵΪֹ¬üάҵȨڴﻹһʮѾ̭ĺŲǹڱٴηá
ˣܶժ¾ñԶʿҾβŰ׻˻
еʿٴηһλǰжΪһλֵУȻ뿪ˣûʲôѣҪǾûõӡ
һֱγɾٵȻǰӣеľٶɷ˻򰢶εģֻܳ䵱ʿѣֻмӲγξ
һξͷξ֮䣬ǵĵλҲƽȣЩڴĲֻ࣬һζѣΪÿ϶մԽ˵Ѫ
άҵվڴͷĺڴԵøۡ
һ˵ᵽˣ㲻뵽ʲôֻ˵㣬ʱǾǴĺѫ
һ죿
ˮһ»ش⣺¶ʮա
һꣿ
ڻظ½սӵʿǣһ˰˶ꡣ
ʱѾˣάҵУУʵʲôʱԵڣ
һ˳Ļһյִﺣ¶յִﶫ
άҵĻͷ˻ʪˣûôôܺã¶գǻԶȥʷ

Ŀֽڻҫʹ֮ϡ
ͬԽͬõ»ʵأͬõ¼ԺԿκܶ
ΪûʲôֻǾ¶ѡ
פѾˣϰ˼ʮڣӵõװ
άҵҪĲǵĺⱻֹֻάҵУ˽ڣ˿סڳ磬뵽ָ֪ӡ
֪ͬԽĶֻԽ常Ӿ괦ںһλãͬغڡ
ʱǶԸֻξһȺں֮ڣзˡ˺йɣһٰʮˣȴɵع˺ڳǣϸѳڡ
죬ͬغڣͬǧҪԸȴλУĲҲ͵겻һˡ
ķʮʽľһжӦ
άҵվſڣһֵ۹Ľʵĺǹڶ׼ҷĴֻǶԷ裬ҲǷͬ߰һ裬ΪԼ涨֧ԮȻش˵ܷԺںΪЧͣˣԺе񡣡
ˣ񱣻ĹߣͬӦежֶΣǺפӵԭܶұˣҽһŬʹҵʿͬձַǳѺõĹϵ
ⲻҿԸ飬ҫܶľ򣬶·ɽڣͺ޸ɡ
Ҳֻ֪ϣǷ˻ǺˣܶԸģֻܾˡ
̸˵Ժûа취ԸΪ·ص㲻ҡ
άҵת
ѾΪսҵ㹻Ľˡ


ڰʮ 
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һ䣬ɸףټ洦ɼԭһζ
˭˸߲ҵģҿؿӵϡᱻȡ׾üЦȻǵͿԽˡ
ϸӪһֱִƿȴˣɰעɯŮ
ŮôǿƣڻҲһָҪһͶֱӴӽ˺üʮͷ
ҪǵģճŵϸӪʵȥһֱ£ϸӪش⣬ڿ˵ӭжˣΪףһ
ЦӯӯָһȺɲǣǾһ䣺ˣô뵽İ취
õķ൱ԭʼǵġ칤мأֻԼһЩ仯ûľ̿ûһȻôɸ׳䵱
𿴼򵥣ǲ󣬶Ʒ൱ܴﵽ95ŨȣټһᴿͿΪŨʹãҪǲ
ϸӪյʵȡַͬɵʮ֡ٶ֣ȻȱҲеģȾܴ
Ҳ˲ʲôȾǺڣȾﳨµǣ·ǲȡͬķ
ֻɯȴЦһ۾ףȻָָͳɡ
ͬЦտŽܿУ˵ȻڵͽˣҪ֪ڶԱԤҿǰȻڶˡ
ϸӪܶԱƻУ˶ȻֱڱĻӪھȻڣֻھͽܿˡ
ܿ϶ʱѹܴǱٴθˣ㵱ʵ½У
ܿϵ߾ְϵȱûʿ׼һ⻰˷ˣܳɽ
û⣡
Աȴб뷨ʵȻ˿ԴȡᣬôǲҲǵæ
ɯŮһǿƣ⣬ȴҲһ¡ⱻֲӣȻ˵ڽ̻½Ӵ˲ȻѧĶٲǿѧˡ
֪֮δģȡᣬȫǸеDD˵𣬱ϸӪСģȡᣬǲ߱ҵȡʵǸԱȽϼ򵥵⡣
֮ᵽ⣬ΪĽ̻֣ᷢԽϽͽΪϵջ󣬶ϸӪͬģ˽ᡣ
ͽзֵ֮ҪǮϸӪ˽ϣСرߣЩԽ˺ͷ˶ȥһͽ
ͱܽǱʵе⣬˭ϸӪʲôģܽΪ˻ܲ鴦һˣлһλʿ
ɯŮһ䣬иͨѧʿüôȡİ취ʵλʿѧ飬֪ɯݲͣԽˣ˽ġ
ȻȻǺϻ˽ᣬôþԼ׬ȡߵģҲ׷֡
ֻɯŮǿƹǿƣǺʶԼݣֻǸԽŮڽ̻еĵλߣʹҲҪͨ˲ǡ
ɯŮ˵һ䣺ĻҿȻ۸Ǹ⡣
˭Ƶ⣺ҿԸܸߵı꣬¾ͳڴ
Ȼڿ˵ϸӪ߻ܣȻй¶ԮֻǾģоڵǿԸܷѡ
ɯŮ˵ˣһʿ
ԽϲǷ̻һҶ̣̻Ϊص磬ҲǿҪǣʿЩĽʿ׼
֮ԴԽϣΪڹ볪ʫСкǵĳűָˣڴסֻԽŪʫСк
ԽϣԼ˲ٻ£λýǮʫʹ꣬ĽǮԶȱ
˵ϸӪҪᣬ֪ˣѾϸӪܹ֮һÿ˽൱СDDҪҪͣҿȡŴ
ôһĴʿȴҲʿΪص̣Ҳ֪жٺĻϸӪ˽ûκι˼ɨDDз˶ţֻǸ˶ѡ
ɯŮעλڻѧ裬ΪְԱ֮ǰһλרҵıԱΪԭųΪһϸְԱ
ҪǮֲɿ·Űɣ
ȴܿ뵽˰취Ļҿ˻һСãǺεȵҵںΨһʿ
ΨһڵãΨһáţṩ鱨СʱڣҿԱ֤İȫ߳ҵĿȦ
ΪֻҪͽСΧ֮ڣʹֵҲħ֡
ɲ⣬Ҫٷɶҿڣ
ɯŮ۾һ£ɣ
ûɣ

ڡ
һ˰˶¶ʮա
άҵУķӵִѾʮˣ˫Ĺϵػ
ǻҫ˼ǿ֮ûѡǧʮŴڡ
֮⣬ܶ߾ѾںΧʡһǧ˵ԮֻֻԮڹ֮С
άҵҲǿԼһҾӺըҩӵ͸ʽľǽֺ֧Ƿֽӵ˾٣Ժܷ
ӺһʮˣҲ¶ˡ
ӻͷУھ½սʿǰʿǣ
ǵڲãͷؾÿһ춼ڼǿҷҲò׼ȡжˡ
Լı֣ػʵӦôʿĶʿڽ׼ͬʱܶѺõ棬ϣȫ¡ûһ׼ʱ
ҿԸǣһж׼ˣǵʵɡ
άҵֵýһ£ӵ޷ǿؿÿһʿ
ӵİʮ½սʿʮֺ׻ڣʮʮװˮ֣һںһʮڣŴݶڣС֡ǹաȾ
ʿ;٣꣡
ٱǶάҵı⣬Ǳһ𷢳һ󻶺ǲκεˣֻǵöЩҰ˵ľӲһ
άҵУˮ˵һϢҽѾʮ꣬ȥְԽֺ֧ǽ˾һľְҲϣټһƺš
뱣ߣάҵժ˾ñֵκһҪݵˣҲǸϸָӹ٣һʫˡС˵Һ;ߣǶ֪һɣԼҸϣʵ룡
꣡ɫ˳ʿǻţάҵ˾꣡
ҵУվڳָ߸ĳУʵûᣬһһǵУеķ񶼼סǵ֡
סǧǧԽϾפأмʮźܺõĻڣǳ۸Խ˵ģ͹ʿǣûУ
Ϊ˷ʿҡ˼ɫ죬һصˣΪ˷
Ϊ˷άҵһ֪ʷɣ֪ξĹҵɡ
ǰξʮʿ֧Ԯ²µжǰͬڳǱǧԽʿֻһ磬ھǼµΰҵɡ
͹꣡꣡
άҵ˵ߵʮʮӣսͿԿʼˡѾܶͨ뺣Сʱ֮ڴ𸴡
ʵСʱǲܴ𸴵ģάҵ֪һ㣬ǱѾϢܶʹˣϣƳһʱ䡣
άҵʿ˵ҸܶʱȻ̣ܶıѾãԾߵʹϣƳһ죬ǲǲͬҪǰ˵㡭Ҷܶ޶ޡ
ǿԲȡжˣ

ʮһ㲻άҵѾվںڳдս档
ڹԱвǵֳڻռڳǽˣͬϱֹϵ
ؾǧ˺ͰʮŻڣеĴڶǸһЭǵģ˷ʮʮˣЩԱѾǵҰսҽԺݣʵʵҪһЩߵԱѾˡ
ΤҽӪϥˣԱܺܿ쿵ж׾ٵɣ֤˵䱸ǧʿͰʮŴڵĳУûʲô£ڼδսͱˡ
άҵдԼı棺Ѿպأ˵ںڿԽƤ˹ңںܸ֧ܽ࣬ǵռãΪһ½սӪǱҪġ
ֻҪһ½սӣҡ


ڰʮ о
Ҫ˵ǣһ׵ĺۣ֮ԽϾѾԵĽ
һ꣬ĹƸһԽѾȫˣԽάҵҵڻ֮£ǽͷСʱٱˡ
ֻǧսʮ˾ͱʵ˭Ҳ޷ıģǼʹάҵ޷Խ˵ķӦ
ȲͶҲսȫûзӦ˵·ûзⳡռڵսһǼֱľˡ

ҫϾǿЦҳñѾܶˣЬӶܶһֻǱˡ
죬ĺܶɽȴİܾ֮ˡ
ǧԽһָĹٱһʱͱˣǱ״ɢˣˣܶʮʿ᲻ˡ
ڵԱҲʧˣڻҫ֪սϸΣ֪Լôʧܵģֻ֪һ㣺ᾡ֮ʱ
뵽һ㣬ɽд峯ʵۣۺУʱ֮ʮأѾ˳ȻգҲ֪ܲܶȹؿڡ
˵¡Ѿˡ
žɫʡ
һ˰˶¶ʮգάҵռڵĵڶ죬ܶҫѳԾһͬԹҶ֦ڣɳս൱

Ǳιȥġ
ΪάҵԺڣΪϸӪʱ淨˻ȡڣڹҶ֮ʳû١
ϸӪ˻ľжάҵ̤ڵˮ׼࣬㶯ĸͰ˻ʡȦȥˡ
ȻϣģֻҪĵطɲֹ˻һʡǺû룬Ҳûнĵ̣ȥһ
ôӣ˻ʡͳϸӪĵ̣ʡݸɳ˶ʮʣѳһоҪ˻ʡĲԴƵǵȥˡ
ʹǷ˹Ժڵж׶ûȥֹҪ̸ںͻ׻ûгƤϸӪ׻㹻Ӻʣ
ɽʡĴһһЩôҪأһЩôҪλãԽ˵ҺɽͬΪӵԽϹپûǲɢֻԺ󰴱Ʊ
Ϊ⼸ǧپҲûоĺϸӪ˺֮ԳΪߵһˣΪоӣûоһж״
ƽЦһؾͿôʰˡ
ȻԼʰ˳棬ôܵʰо֣ϸӪǹںһϸӪ˻ס
ϸӪȻаԵֵزǾʰο־Ȩı֣лһ롣
ȻϸӪôϲ̣ôڷչͷȥƴһʹʰⷢչֻڷչӦеġ
һ뵽˼ͻˣֳƽʵϸӪͷ˿ʲôûУ
ƽñȻ׻ҪΣضҪƴһ
ɽڽʮ幫һտôһǿдԼƤ£ǿ϶һ˭
ƽ뵽һ㣺ϸӪȡ⡢˻ǸԼһ·׼ˡ
Ҳ뵽һ㣬ʮ걱ؾ֣ڱһжָƣǰѴ˻ϸӪҲϸӪ˲֣ȥΣǶӦ뷨в֮
ϸӪǹǧˣǿ࣬Ƿ˸ǳصģߵԮɵǧˣ˵ʱԵȾǧˣһϸӪͺǵʮɡ
˻׺ܿƽˣֻȥɡ
˿̵ϸӪڵ죬ͬԤƵһԽûκμҵķӦDDеļҷӦᱻϸӪĨɱ
һʡһʡ˵ʡĵ̣Ǵеĸɲü
Щ˾üز˹ԽСҲɰӣοǰãɾͰ۾ת
Žѩ֣ҲǸ⾫żӢʽٷŸɲЦ˵˻˵ԺʲôҲˡ
Ҳһ鷢˻˭֪˼˵ȥͳȥֵǽףȻҪȥģֻǳ⡣
ҲףԼռɽ̣˼ںǾ˯þģ͵սɣȻʱ䣬ѩģѩҵġ
⻰һôЦֻȴǺʽ˵Ҳ˵ʵڿʼʱˣһжΪģһΧžתһжԾΪȿǡ
Ҷ֪ˣ
˵ǳΪ
ȾΣ


ǻüëˡû뵽ԼŻع£ƨɶûȣʳûŪһûһģӵûһԽ˾ͰѺڸˡ
һȺͰеķͰΣңѻƹʹ
ȴոϻԽȥָӺսҲ֪ڼãһ׳⡣
ֻԽƣǻƹʹԽ˹Żƹ˼ģһ˵ݺڣΪβϽԽ֣
ʹЩֵ˼֮ԹռڣȫΪعӡ
һοԻعûƹ׼ͻˣǴشһжӦӻƹǡ
ƹߣʹȻİҪ֪ƹʲôˣǻһͬӢﰡʲôһܰˡ
ȻҲֻԽָӺҲ֪λعҪʲô¹쳯֮ǰ֮һ֪֮ʱ
ʹߵӱǿ׺߳У
õĸսǴеĴڴ峯ôһ̯ӣôһСͶϼѡ
¹ٱԽӪˣֻҺԱǧһòʮսһԴϾӪͷļޣ֪ʡܼܲޣ
Ǹʹһڻؾˣ֮ʡпɣʡһƶ٣ԱҲ㣬ʡЭãڻƽҲҪļӪͷԸӪ֧֣Ƿãгɡ
˵ȴҲʵ飬ڻƹҲ½һЩӪͷľԼвܱ֤οǺ档
ʵʡܷӼþֺǧ֮ڣſǹΪ̫٣ܽӼÿǹ˰ٸˣſҩʮ򡣡
ʹѵ˻ƹ⣺ʡǹһ٣Է֧Ԯͳָʾ
һ⻰ȼһϣǱ߻ƹʹ߼˵󲿿۹еӺ롭
ƹЩ峯ĹԱһµǳеΣرǺص¼֮£µ
֪ӼúеʡǮȴܸ𺦵ķ³еΡһйʣƹҪеΡ
Ϊһ㣬ƹ뵽ߣ۸ʽǹڽУд٣ɵ۷Ĺ򡣡
Ѿû˵ˡܴӺ𣬺αػعԮڵãƹôõһ⡣
ֻûһؿʴϱռ˺ڣں˵ǼǲعԮȴ벻һǮһһһǹ˵ǳʧˡ
ԽȫļƻҲʧˣںǰ·ĵϸӪ˵˻ĵ̶ˡ
ԺϸӪȻǺϵͳĶ飬ȴȫѹϵͳǴӵ̡װϣԽ֮󣬻֪δϸӪ
ڸûȥϸӪˡ
̾һ
·ںη

¬üܶ˵͸ˡ͸ˡ
ȴһƬЦտεĿ꣬ڵõʵˡ
ǺڵĵѾǷˡ
ұ˵άҵ̫ˣı̫ˣڱߴһΣյľ֮С
˭֪ܶʵάҵУһľϡ
ʤ߲ǴάҵУ˺ڣʤĽ¬üܶԴ˷ǳ⡣
ݱ棬ûһʿ;սˣάҵѾȫƻ˺ڵķºͻڣι̵ؿĳС
ںںͺıӦκγ棬ʱԵõӽֺ֧֧Ԯһܶ˷ġ
ĵⳡսеջάҵУѾںͺڵأɻ˴ǮңʮƤ˹֮ࡣ
ЩɻѾ㹻֧սж֧Ҹάҵı棬ǻԻøĹ˰ΪںѾȫڷˡ
ÿ¶ԴӺػô֧ռã൱Ľ࣬άҵѾȲؽ齨һֻҪʿĿͿ԰ĸ齨
¬üܶͬάҵһЩö
Ψһ鷳̾ںεĺˣͼϿһۣˡҷ˰

ԶԣŮ֮УɯŮһ
޵Ժ֮н̫ã˿ţֻҪʲô˵ʽһΡ
һڰС̵÷һ֮󣬲ų󣺡㿴ڵĽǲǽð
û뵽Ҫֻǿڴϣ۾˵ҿ᲻㰡
᲻ãοŮ¸ոռ뵽ϵͳ֮Уûй̺þֱȥشĺڽǼΣյ顣
ڻн֮УڽֻеȽΪֹչǧڣ֮Ǵֻ̻ǽȥķչѵöˣѾȫ涯ԱϷأ̰ѳɴڶߡ
˭֣Լ£ڣһжֳɵģѳɴɴߣԸĨӶʣ¡
ˣ̻ħںܽѾ˶ˣߣҪְԱҪѾߵ
˫ڽսǺңԴ·磬ֻڷˣάҵռ˺֮̾ռ˾ơ
֮ûбϸӪȫ֧֣仯Ļڽۡ
ڣɯŮˣȴҪغڵ󣺡ڽֻ𣬲ȫİա
Լ˼ˣϾǸ߽Ůںܽһʮ˽⣬ҪǣŮ˺ǿƣץһѡ
ɯŵЦ˵ʱһɽ㡣
ȴһ䣺Ҫʲô
ɯܸɴ˵Ҷʮʿ˵²ǹ֪УСʮǹ
ʨӴ󿪿ڣƽʱûҪģͷˡ
ԼŮˣžʲôϵֻǿһҳϵ⡣
ܿͨˣɯŮѾڻ¶ˣ£̵ҪΪĹϵĽꡣ
ôһͶħˣʹص̵Ӫ֮УҲǸûκǰ;ԡΨһѡ߻·
ڽȷʵõѡѵһҲԺһ
ϾԺзսսʷϺڿͳսܵϮţԼԸıһʷ
ԸվˣҲ֧֣Ҹʮʿ˵£ʮ֡ܽûһ롣
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̱Ҳ˳Ϊӵʮ֦ŲǹǿţӪͷҪǿˡ
ﻹɯŮǶŮˣ⻹Լǹ
µһ룬һҪǷںڸʱ׼֧Ԯڽ
Խϴ̣Ҫ䣬ҲǹʵʵĴڷ˾άҵĴ̣ɯͬλսؾ
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Ҳ̫뷨˽սԡֻ׼
ֻ׼µԭ򣬻˵ɯŮҪȡ¹Ҫڴ̼άҵ̻ᣬ۸ţԻº󻹿Խһ̶ȵı
ɯŮ֪⽫һκѹӣֻԼϵǹ
ǹɲǳصģģοţԼҪתȦӵĻάҵץס
Ҫǣʱɽܣڱ߾פϸӪĲӣάҵȴһȱ׷
Ѿһã˵ںڵ㣡
Ҹʲô
ȷʦڣš
ɯŮġ
Ǹʱĺڽһǻ̵İڽɽҲӡ


ھʮ ְ
ʤ
һٵ˳Уһ㶼ΪĹǷ˹ռڵϢıԼ
ȺȺѻƬӿеĹȴŴרԱĲþŴרԱÿһϸ΢ٶѻƬгľ޴仯
ҪĴرЩԽϵѻƬֲ԰ǸǿһʽֻҪܴ㵽ĿǸڼ̤һзɡ
һųȥѻƬõǵĻƱƱõĶ
еĹ̨ϣһźƱͱųȥ˵СǸߴ͵ĺٹ٣Щ΢ЦƭӣǶǴЦŲͬĺƱ
ЩƱѾڱԽÿһʹǷˡԽˣֺƱѾѺƱΪһֺϷ˰գηûպصж֮Уɻ˺üԪĺƱ
ǲ֪ЩֽǴӡˢӡˢģɱʮֵֻֻ֪Ҿħҡȣ߳ҵıֵһֱȶ
֮ĴΪķƵúܺãΪķвԶͷָպһȫֵʱ
ڲֵֽͬҾӿҵÿһ䣬ߡߡֳֺ֧أԽ˶򱻶ؽֻңϺ͹ڶֽҡ
ΪЩѻƬӵԵʣںƱѻƬó˰ƽ𣬳ΪͨõһֻңںеƱݶΪֶΡ
ƱʹСпʼ뵽ɽͳȥ
еһзǽƱ֮ϡ

ɽǡ
վɽϣҶᷢȻеУиһУһҪ
һ͵ҪҪԽϵʷϲֹǱһУһҪ
Ǳó׵ļɢģǱѻƬҪóģеڣʮҴСĳǸɽ
ûһʱҪˣеһж·óҲգҵҲգʳҲգڽҲͬ·
¯¯ĸˮʹŻһĺ쵹ȻƳɸ̵ָǹڡ
ɴɴĲƥʹӺȻڵŮǻ֯һװ㡢ñ
ڳͰͰĿζᣬͬھ;ֻǴ˵ϸӪЩʲô
ڳ֮⣬ÿһˣһͨĶȱӵкܸߵĵλ߸̧ͷôҿ
вΪѻƬǷͬΪϸӪǰϸӪΪʵûеһҪ
ֱ仯ЩӦǵУһūĴڣЩȴܴİڴϣԽԱ
һоеãܺãԼӵأвŸɵҲͬзӵء
һСڳˣ̻ɽݵ֮һµһλʿ
λʿĹҵ˻ʡеһñʹĺͯĸ飬Խõ񸸡
̻ıУĴʻƵֻ֣
֮ΪʲôȡһһʤȫΪǹ޳ܣڽ̻֮УЩŵ˻κһܵ۵ǵ·ȥ
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񸸲ͬһ㣬ϸӪṩıꡣ
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ǮصȰʫʹǣϲˣ䲻ϲԽϳʫζ̫ܲˡ
ӦϸӪһк벻λ˺üͷ飬硶ըȫ޻ѧҵֲᡷƾԼܽһ⡣
ھվƵǰЦ˵Ѿ˴󲿷ⲻǣ
Ҳòϣרңһרҡ
ڱը޻ѧֱһţ£ϸӪܾõôӭжˡ
ϸӪȻڹѾʼ··ͬʱзʱźըţرʱѾ൱ɿˣȥʮڵƽ߷ը
ҪǻװͷҩҩװҩȻڵѾﵽİϣɱҲΪǿѾ൱ʵüֵ
ȴһ㣬Խϳʫ࣬ϲһֶħĸо
ǵֻڽɱ¾ɱ¾ͽ
仰ʹȴЦݣҵѣǻƵʹ
˶˵ϣֻɱһǧˣҲҪǧˣҲЩˣӦķˡŷˡ
ԼѾͶֻҪһɱ¾ˡŷˣɱ¾ͽһֿƲס˷ܡ
ħĸоϲɱ¾ĸо
ʹԼԲɱ¾һ뵽һֶƲס˷ܡ
ְҵ̫ʺԼˣо޶ĽǮ룬һܲܿƵطһС
ÿһʿĵ׶ϾҪе˶ܰе
Ц˵ɱǧˣҿṩһָЧʵɱ˷

ڡ
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ǸͬǶȷߺޣ߷߲ƽ˵ȷʵսάҵ£Ϊ˹͹棬Ƕ࿼ʧΪã
άҵͷ˶ʾ˺øУԸ˫ƽȥϸӪһ޶ȵؿźӺ
ڣάҵǳߣǷģǷģҲǷġ
ͬʵķ񣺡ţһٹⶼڷİɽҵܵõָ
Ϊ˶񸸽ɽĴۣһ̶ͽָͬʱҲϣںھڣ̺ͻʵֺƽ
Ǿܵ飬λ񸸾ϣάҵУܼǿԻ̵ѹȳ̶ȣ˵ѹԽǽ̻Խ״ĸ
άҵ뵽ȴ飬ѲߣѲ֮УϸӪͻ̵װԱûһӵȴˡ
ѾĵߣЩں·ɫ죬һѲܼ߱ʮ̵װԱ
Ѳ߱ɽĹȴκ谭ϸӪѲ߶װӣֻһЩǰװǹͺװǹӣһɫȴ
һжάҵУΪ֮ˣۿ˰Ķ飬һ֧˵Ĵ󲿶ӣɰѺŲǹǷѾ̭ĻɫǷװʿ䣬½սӵĶ֡
ֻάҵУʱûеõȨڴԮҲûеֻʱӳ˽һж
ѾϸӪʵˣǺװõһӣԼӵоŰٵһǧװʿ˵ӵٸ䲽ǹǴάҵ˽鱨ӵе䲽ǹ߹ʵӵֻİټпֻٶˡ
ƾԼͿԴЩˣ֮ǰάҵֳؾ졢Žе
ԭʷУЩĽҪٵö࣬ģҲСö࣬ΪϸӪĳ֣ʹάҵװ˺üʿ
ֻձսһ仰ݣЦˣЦá

ٴβʾսĴβǣֻҪһ˾ͿɫǣһƼ
ǰǹӲֿó±Ĵ²μѲߣþٿƳ档
һжеʮ˳ڱݵάҵΪ棬Ȼɳʮ˵Ѳ߶ɽڽʮ֮࣬Ƕ飬Ǽֱǿʵķ⣬ӵҶ˺þòûȥС
Ҷָʺϣ˾̩̫ӣɲֻϸӪȻȱɲϷ˿ɲ٣ʤںڱݵüΪʡ
ڴҶףϷҪȥ͵ŰάҵƵʱ
һϸӪƵάҵģɧӪ٣㣬ôģڲķô÷˶ȥ
еĲƽйȥ˵ܶڶʱȥսôһ˶ɣͿźʧأУôģȻѱɵ˻ȥˣҶʹİ
Ҫ֪ʧأȷʵǵһˣҲǲҪڣֱӰάҵڳ⣬Ǿϸϸ׵
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ҲֻǷҲ֪ڣǵĻ£ٴΣţǺһʧǺȫ̱ˡ
ԭΪҾôһôйˣǻȴûͣ죺ԣǰ·ͳǷû⵨Ӻͷ˿ս
ˣΪ˴ͳ飬ûλøҲûңǸʵƫӪ٣ǾϿˡ
⻰ҲӻΪأ˵һǺˣְ֮ҲѧޣûɺãԺҲҪҸˡ
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ǰ·ͳãԭǳʱãڻҺûӲɵĴ㣬˵ڱʤ֮γʵϵָġ
رǺʧԺɽѾΪеһУɽĵʧϵź˥ɰܣͬǱźĲ
·ӣǧˣ뿪ǣ治תȥôţ
Ǳ䵹վһһȺӪٿڵһˣһҲˣҿҪġ
۾һգû׹Ҫʲôλã
ͻȻѣûͬͨҲӲûҪʲô


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ͻȻڣûзӦܿԼ˵ˣ뵣·ͳҺ뷨˽پһ
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նȻֻ֪ǽСʤοǵ˲սʮˣѷͶüˣֻ˽ѣûнȫߡ
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˵ţǱѾ˻رͳ£ӳˣˣÿӸˣŵúݣѾʡ
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ƽƽʱţŽɽûǹѾһֻļԱߵ̵ãǰλ˰ɡ
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֪żǺˣܵںڰɣҺܸһȥá

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һɽڰо̾ѹֺܶⷨˣ
ϸӪĲӣʮ㣬ޱȣװѣӪͷͳһʽǹеĻ
һϸ˲ãЩϸӪĸɲÿһ˶ǶŶգŵȥÿ˶Գ䵱Ӫ١ͳЩɲҲѪɱˡ
ǻֹ۲죬ƾµ˼ɻ֮Ǹʲôģ
ӡඨԶƾҪɵ飬ɳһҵ飬ҲҪǧ
ֻԼӲ̽˺ϸӪַ֮ϸӪôҲȥģ߿ô˵Ѿ
ƾɽϢʿڶ죬ƾ¾ͳ
㣬ƴˣ֪ʲộ
ɽܶӼƾ£ƾµһߵʿţңд̡
ãǰʷ飬ҲǱȽƾˣҪ֪һ±Ǹ̨Ժǫ̈̄һȳι̨Ĵͳ
бǸѵõ˲ţǷ÷ˣԦ£Σƾ¶Ｋȵһˣƴˣл뽲
ƾµǲһɽܶװɽõլӣɽܶԺӣ
ЦЦܶլӣլˡ
ƾȴǴˣһɽܶԸܹʵɴͳƲ˵ôƴ˶ԴȤǺãڰȥǣ
ƾȴ֣µ˵ͳһ¡
Ҳ֣ƾָݲ裺ƴ뽲쳯ʹߣʲôּҵԵȫȥ졣
ƾ³һᣬ˵һ䣺۽Ϲл֮
İֱ˵˵֮֮
˵úãƾºһڲ裬ȡ¶Ȼ˵ͳһϹһֲ
࿴һۣзֹȴ˵û¡
ɶ˵һ䣺ΪлܣΪϹ򡣡
˵ĻοһֲֻϷĲеְλʵǲܴڵģԽϵһֲȫûȤ
ƾȴǺȵ˵ûԽһֲû˼ͳԨͤԽϹ㵱һֲǲǼΪ죿
ôϳɣҲƾµ뷨Ŵˣһ
ǰģĵݾǺƾйأ˵ƾԽ֮Ȱ˵ȡԽ϶֮¼дɵӧռǵУȴΪƾµӧռһպ׷ǣ²ʵ
ȴˣƾȷʵǵ죬ȷʵеķ緶ƾݵԣѾˡ
Ҳò֣ؿƾ
ʵĿȷǱǻعԸԽСطãǲܻعȫǿ͹ƣûܷˣҲûа취ع
ƾȴ˵ԽϼȻǷİǱ㻻һǣҿȻçȷǸӢǻȻҪЩϵˣ
ֻϧ˲䣬Ѿˣ²СԽһ׷üƻеİ취
ʮ꣬ԽڵԹŭϾкĸ뽫£οڻзܵء
Цʵ˼ô
һ˵⣬ƾ¾ЩйˣϹʧ¹Կȡ֮õʱӪһ뷢ѣ߼ΪУʱּڸǲΰֻ˵Խ󣬲Ը֮
ȴвͬƾµĿְ취ʮû⣬ȴ֮ߣ߿սһֺԽϽһ뷨ս
һӦοټһԽϣȻҲϣԽϾӾһȺڣʰҲһġ
رЩ࣬ҴһΡΣʮζûãǻǻؽٴιһ뵽һ㣬;Լķӡ
ûлؾƾ£ȻԸ⣬ֺαˣƴ˴˲ߣȷʵ֮ߣ֪вûУ
ƾһ⻰к˵вߣʱûãɽⲿӶϸӪĶɣ
ͷԣ⼸꾭ӪĲӣڱϾá
ƾںʵǿװõĲϸӪϵͳǻҵǰӪ
Ȼͳȫĵϵӣȴͻңܲλδûֿǡ
ҪԽϹȻҪǿʵںУȴ֦ǿȻȻϳͷˡ
ֿͻȻðһ仰ͳԽϹ
ˣʮ߰꣬ᣬǱޣԽϹĻᣬȻӦҪ
Ȼ˵Ǻͳ˧֧֣϶λھͿûˣϹͳȴû˼ɰ


ھʮ ծʽɹ
ҪĶڻΪһƺҲ
ƾ»ڵȴĻش𣬿ûֱӻش⡣
ץһɽҶǱĲҶ㲻ʲôò裬һȴһִݵȡ
ҶӵԼĲ豭ҲʲôƷһͨɱֻǵ˳˲䣬ƾȴȷʵһַͬӢΰʣƫϳɣȻһ壬ǳ֮
ˮЩ̣ȴǾڿϱ۾ϸϸţϸϸƷɽĲҶȴһ˻
ƾȴе㼱ˣӪ٣
ݲȵƷһڲ裬˵һ䣺Щ£ֻ˵
⻰˵üǺֻƾȴһһҵҲֻ˵ͱЩѲܶĶȥ֪Ƿˡ
ƾҲƷһڲ裬˵һ䣺֪ʱñ
ȴ۾д⣺Ҳƴ֪һϸһϵֻݱʡ֮أй֮أнʿһǧ˰Աװʽſǹһǧټ
ƾˣΪʲô˵ἰϸӪ˵Ҫ˵ϸӪǱܲ⡣
ʱѾѺһӦƾһݣƾ¶ںʵ˵ָơ
ϸӪ֮⣬ܹĸӪͷױټ֧ظݵصĲӣϼǧװǹ߰ٸˣϸӪʵʼԼ֪߻ܣֻ˵ϸѻ񡢹ӪԼǧԱǹ
ֱƾ²֪ϸӪһǧ˰֧װõģҲȫǿҪ˵һǧټǹˡ
һ뵽⣬ƾ¾ͰԼȥһ˵ʵǿӪٻңϸӪָ֣տƣӪٿɲҪս
ͬöԸάҵͷõʱʷϺǴһʱάҵԮִǰһܣɹάҵ߳֡
ƾɽʷżȻҲʷıȻʹʷϺ·ڷǷҲ·ݹ
ԼյǣʷԼռȻάҵԽİԽϲɵĲӣȥս͡
ԼõսӦǷ˷Ӧ֮ǰɱҲԸƾԼԸ⣬ϸһӪԸȳڣһۻǸɱǣʤˣķϣһе
ƾɽΪս֮£Ĺ۲죬Ҫʮ޵뷨壬ɽһʧʧȥʳ޷ʮƫԶκս塣
ڵĳŵ¼ߣдһＴɣȥҲú·ļᶨܣ¿аûУ˵Ԯһڼڡ
ⷽȽϺ̣άҵ⡣
˵άҵͷһ޴⣬б֮⣬ѵıһǧʿ˵¿ǹٸˡ
˵׼õʿ˵²ǰ˰ٸˣƳɵȻʮš
ٸ˿ƾˣٸˣ
ڵٸ˿ǹʲô¡ÿβɰеǼǧѼǧѹΪͼˣǸϲǰװǹDDˣӵײ䣬ҶԸڵɧ㹻ˡ
ڼǧѺǹսԼĵһΪ˼ǿԽĹӱǧٲǹֻǿõĲǹࡣ
û뵽ԽϵĲç֮Уȴôһλرƾ뵽˵سԽϷǹھ£꼸Ȼ˿ǹǧѣƾһ԰ˡ
Ҫ֪ĺǹҲٰ߰Ѷѣ˵һСǴϸӪȹģϸӪĪϰҵķӣڷƤ˽˶ǧİٰѲǹãһұʮȫա
Ц꾭ӪΪһۣ֪һᣬһҽ׼ɽѱȫ¾ʳ١ʿ˵ǹѾ׼򷢣һҲ׼
ƾ¿˵꾭ӪѰ֮Խ֮ǰֻ֪ϸӪ֮û뵽һӪΪ뷨һۣ׼ȫ
֪ͳǣһһһٻ
̸ʮͶһֱ֮תȥߵʱǣ˵һͳͬң
ֻǴˣѩŰȺõķʳж˳ˣԷ
ţˣСú͵²ݲͣȴԵ𣺡ѩҽһ壬ǻÿᡣ
ںпɲһڼֻǵú͵ƣںȴ⣬÷ĵ磬硣
УԽӴκµķӵӰ籨绰һŷ޴ʲ׼
ԽںܾλþãԽλãһɹʿλã˵ÿͶĿ⣬ǵȵӴ־ѡ
ϣȴԵ࣬СطǷݻƱ棬Ϊǣǰ첻ˣ
û÷ȥծһҵ񲻻
ץŷʽĻϹŵͻɲҸ˵أ޹ء
еĿҵ˵û̫ϵȫϸӪӴڸϿġ
ӺнʼϸӪúΪߣʼ˷ʵжڵսѾʮͲֿ⣬˻ɸ󱸲ֿ⡣
Ĳ˵ƷϣϸӪƽʱ㹻ʮʹһµƷսƷ㹻һ˴εԱ
װƷ˷ݣζһİʮ֣ȥ֮⣬Ⱦ㹻ϸӪһꡣ
ڸֲġ𡢾ûȵȣϸӪѺеΪõĹߣ׹һսʡ
һУ嶼һ֮ûƲȫΪкеѫ
ںдӶеõɵĴһʮǺǧټƴתȥһ´ڻɴٶɴڲɹϡ
֮⣬ϸӪںĸло޶ǷϵӦ˿ɺƱʮƱ֮ިDDȺеʱ϶ϼȻҲǷ˺˷եĽϸӪֵʲûôࡣ
ǰӣֻǽͻȻǰĸ߸ϵƺҪȥɺǰӡˢķóͰѳЩǷ
ֻҲ֪ǲʵԽطͶ߰ɵĻ˭֪Ǽٷɣ֪һкġ
ˣȫˣ˳ֱʣǸ˵ֻߣЦ˵Ҫˡ
ˣӦǷʮƱ
Ҳ⣺Ƿʮ򣡺⣡
ǴԼаʱ䡣˿ֱǹһ˰¶ʱʮ֣Һƾ¸ղŴɵЭ飬Һڹ¶ʮʦڻ¸
Ǻ嶼ˣҪʲô
⼸ӵĹ򣺡Ǯȥ
ҳĺƱɡţƽҲԶһ֣ǣȥɰʮֿζᣬ¶໨ǮסһҪڶʮǰװɡ
رʹֽҪǲûƱжеĿհƱݣǰʵʵؿڲˣֻܿǣ
п˵ǺĶˣˣҲ⣺ţˣһ޿һҲǶึЩƱͷɵ𡣡
ȻծǾף˵ҪںɹһҪۺɰ죬Ҫӽסʮգ˶ʮգҪάҵںڣˣҪչ˷ѵ⡣
չ˷ѣͷûһҪչ˷ѡ
ȻٽȥжܲƲˣǾ͸ɴ̶ȵչ˷ѣɺеʲ顣
˵һ䣺ǵĴɹأǰضǱӲˣҲ̹ˣһǸѧѵʱˡ
ֹǸѧѣ֪Լһȳ֪жٷƲǧҿޣҼҿޡ
ͷãǵĳɹ˴Ӻۺжںߣҹһϵü
һ£ȥ򣬼ߣȥۣ
ӽ˶һ䣺סˣ¶ʮգޣҲҺʦʱ򣡡
ȴ뵽һ£ˣҪҪɹʳ


ھʮ ĺƽʱ
ӽ˶һ䣺סˣ¶ʮգޣҲҺʦʱ򣡡
ȴ뵽һ£ˣҪҪɹʳ
˵£һĴȣҿѣǾҪʴ˱
ȥ걱ʳգϸӪͻ˴ʳũƷͻľ㹻ϸӪʹһ֮⣬ܸµʳҪ˵ϸӪЩͻĴʳ
ֻڲչʳĺʱ£ǡƲӵʱ򣬱ƽʱҪ໨Ǯǲ֪̾ȥͻһЩ
һ£ȥͨԽϹٸչ˴ڿԵʹá
һʿԼףжϸӪҲйԱԤʱҳҪչʣʳĻںڿչʲôȽϺãɻǺƱǱʤһô죿
иӣҵƱŷżԪƱȥչ
ԵĴƾϸӪڰµʱսʵĲɹǷǳѵ顣
ΧϸӪΧżʮҴСȵ̺ţЩ̺ȴΪϸӪṩıΪѾƻƱſһҪ
սڼ䣬ʹľǮҲ򲻵õҲǻ۸ǣ󷿲֮Ķ½
ܿöϾƱŵĸˣȻ׼ս壬ϸӪҪ齨µӪͷȱʣæ
һֱ賿ʱһųʮһṩϢֻҪҰЩһսʹ֣һǲӦ۸гټһɡ
ڴȥʲôطɹͲϸӪ飬Ҫһ족֣һҪĻǲˡ
ֻǸտ궯Ա飬ַµĻ飬ĻﹺֱӵеĲֿز㣬ȻǵԱлһʣٻҪͲֿҪ
֮⣬Ƶĳ㣬ڲֿ⣬ⷽҪͲֿ⣬˻ҪͲֿ⣬ʤҪһͲֿ⣬Ϊһ;ԹӪԱΪɣ齨Ӫս齨һսӡ
ӪҪۻѾӲֿˮ࣬׼¡ΪɽҪѾɽ齨һߣڸֽ㣬ֻľݵʹøֽݵ㣬Ǿֻܽʹˣʵ飬ʱĺڻҩҩƻ
ϣѾϵϵ˺ܵҵĻӭ
УرǷϲǸùó׵ԭÿκ⣬֡
ܿڽӷϴϣѾԵˣϸӪʮ齨µӪͷҪɹʡ
ʮޣǺܿ͸ˣϸӪϸݵأѻӪܴҶ־﷢ҲаģʮҲǺĵ̣ҶֵӰ
ȥŪˣάҵµĲҵºпܷΣǺܿʮޡΪӦ׼׼ʮ޽ӪʵԱĸݵء
ͷΪӪ齨ɹʣϸӪͳÿһȶһδɹһȵĴɹϺȵʴɹһ
ǴĲɹӣֶ˵һɡ
жڶǴӦЭ飬͸˴ʵĶзɣаҲкƱֻʮ޵ĲӪҪ齨ʱϵúܼ
ں֮һ׵£Էش۵ʣζĵӣǾҪˡ
ֻ磬һЩûСǩڻͷ֧ԥһ£磬ͷȻһΪӶдʮɵĿӡ
ˣȥ̺հ׵ƱݶҪеиɴ಻Ҫֻڼ۸ҧúݺݵɱϸӪһ󵶡
ֻΪռıˣǴŴķɡȥۣǷزɹʣ˴ڵõһࣺܶƽҪõʡ
ˣΪʲôͷ˷ԭǶ²ٵĻƽ·
Һ֪ӺһֱУֱϣն²ƽһ·ֻǰξıɱ·Ŀжϡ
Ϸһģ˵ң˵ԺǰĻ൱Ϊ˹ƽҵʣرίϸӪԽϷ
Ͼˮ·ݵĽͨ½·룬ʱ䣬Ӹĳɱġ
һ˶ʶĻԣзжˣҪռóףϧǿµĺʩѹβɹܶİٷʮѾָУֻѡһҵȨ
ӺܺãǺðһչ˷ѣ
лչ˷ѣ
ֲóӰ쵽ںڵķأΪ˲ë
ȻҲ֪ϸӪÿһȶӺһδɹһڲ֪ԭȡڿȵĲɹһˣǻҪë
Ϊںֻе˰գе˰ɺάҵҪԴϼӴ
ǺܿˣӺѹάҵҲֱܵ˽ֺ֧Ƿָ𣺡ǵԮһڵڴڼ䲻Ҫ£ʿںǸҵ鱨Ӧܶɹǵʹߴӱȷ֤ʵ
ЩܶռַУһҲͨ죬裬ǵĴÿ춼ѳɴɴɽ
άҵԴҲ޿κΣȨޣҲкϢʻھ£һЩƥζȾϵľװƷԭҲûС
֪ӵı棬Բ֮ϸӪ׷ľԭϾ͸߼ˡ
άҵ֪ٹһ£ǵԮǲɹĶǵսƷˡ
ϸӪһиˬĴͳһ󲿷÷ֽ֧ǿ˵ģǿǵĿʣ˾֮⣬ֿĿ涼ˣ
ǲܴĽ䣬ͬڽһսһٶսʶһž˽ȥСС̺һȺڱߵʡжţӶĽŲйˡ
ӴжͬϸӪĶԱࡣ
еλ֮УһԱʤţΪںھڵϲӣȴʮ˻̵ĸݵأŲ˴±;еΪһ׼Ͳ
ںΧڣڽŵһܶԱӪѻӪӪͷڶһһȻţӲֿʿװ
ǵһȥһĶԱƻֻǴһ¹ϣϸӪѻӪȻ˴ԱڲĶǾѵԤ۱Աû½
һԱ֮ϸӪıֱԾǧĹؿڣȥŰ˶ȻֱڱݵڶԱƻڱء
ڱʤһߣĲͬӪͷһֱظݵ⣬ȫɽƶҲǶǣһ־²ɰľֻܱ¶¶֮£Ҫ֪ڿ꼾ˡ
ȥῴͬʱɽ㼯һһҴŷķӣһǺĲͬӪͷ
һƾµȰ˵£ʹ¾ģ¸άҵԮ֮ǰ׽άҵ
еĿǹǰԱĺﵽǧһ֮࣬ǹ߰ٸˣǵڱͷսԱƽ˱һ˿ǹǷǳߵıΪսĵĴ󲿷¶Ҫǿ
ǷϸӪѾ׼һУʳȷʵѾ֮ãõٺʿ˵²ǹһ򷢹װһʽѱ㣬ԸӪһµľãһǰӪڣٲмõʱǸؽʱõġ
ǰͻķҲɽһЩµĺֻЩõϸӪȰ棬ûаѵϣҲͬѷ컻Ӣ졣
Ǹصеľ޶󣬶ҲţССϸӪսȨ
͹ǿĹ֮һԶԱϰӣɨЩǮˣЩеĴѾĥǲάҵ¾翪ս
ȫֵٵĸط
ǲ֪Ѿ´ĵڶԱǣʿǣҵֵǣǼֱ𣬵ʼֵܣʼͬһ壡


ھʮ ¶ʮ
ĹĶˣǾ٣ͨʿһ̶һ׵Ļ꣡ϸӪ꣡ϸţ
ǵ˼ڲҪκƵĹĶȫǷģһβƵ壡ϸţ
ϸţϸӪһҰսŵ֣˵ĲӪֱɣڱͨѶλһӦȫǧ˵Ĵ󲽱ţ˵ȥྭӪȫᾧ
ҪǣڲӪ֮˹̶ĺϳɵλʵ˲ڱرͨѶȶֺͬսйʷϣ˵һԾԵı־
һԱ֮ϸӪлµλ˻ʡפһɽǳ˻Ӫǵλ֮⣬³һСӪȫʡԤֱյһƲӪ׼ϸ֮ǰ︮
ȻЩλǲòϣϸӪȫ඼㼯ϸ֮Уſ˵ϵʿǿĻǿָӹ١
ʹΪ½ĵӪڶྭսϱǵӪǾܣ嫺ӪȥҪλϴ翴룬ûĻһ渴ڵһ
μ뷨ļʮս붨һΪһҪڷԮ֮ǰոڣȫάҵȻݺڣԴԴϣϸӪ䲻
ϾڼϸӪͺȫʵսǧڣ˴ʦ߱ڱͶʵҲǼһ㣬骿ȴǼз緶˵嫺ӪǱӪʱƺѣʿǣǵĿǡ
嫺ӪĸɲȫϸӪˣǷĻӦӪ
Ӫ

¶ʮա
һͨͨӣάҵУȴһԲĸо
һμӹīսϾˣ֪Ǿ˵һֱ
ҹ˼žκάҵȴû˯š
̧ͷһ۴ڵÿ£άҵ˳ְú͵Ƶˣ𻳱һȻѾ㡣
ǹԪһ˰¶ʮա
ȻѾٽ䣬ʫ˻֪ԼԮʿС˵еǣֻǻͷȥһ۾ӡ
ͷҰףԼѾˣԼ淨ܷ۵ʱˣҲܳΪһλĻԼܶھۼꡣ
˼˯ţԾؾʹþװòϣΪһУάҵھԵӢǸʮУž˵ʮʱ͸öð
ʹǲڣҲ룬һУϷ·Ϊһ㣬ֻ򿪷ŵʱȴΤҽӪӰΤҽУôˣ
άҵЩ˸еؿΤҽӰ־ӪӰʮʱΪҲٵս
ΤҽӪУеʵУϣҲˣ£Ҿúе㲻Ϸ
ϸӪĻȷʵЩ죬άҵΤҽǶֻǾˣֻܴͻʵжһ˿Ǿʵ໹൱ңԶ
άҵȴزࣺսս
ɫȫڣһڰʱ̡
άҵ㣬ҹѲʿ֪սҪˣڴġ
ΤҽӪѯʵҪ׼ʲô𣿡
׼ˣάҵԼɣʹսȻУֵǵս
ܴӺڰеõʲôӦάҵȴܸܵҹľηǱߣڴʷҡ
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ΤҽҲ̣һǺúܺá
Ҽţάҵҹ˵ںڣӵȽڣرӵеʮߺ׹뿪˹ڣָӹûУ
ǳһӿԴʮƵÿһӾܴһƵ½սӵСһΤҽУϲֻڣõĻڣֻҪһŻڣֻҪһӣܰһǧ˱ʬ壬ϲܻڡ
ûõĻڣʮߺ׵ĻڣǻӵǿĻڣάҵģ׵Ĳڣʮ׵飬ǻںӽͧװõĸ˹1878경ǹװ1874ʽĲǹǸҪǣ
ָΤҽУ˵ӵǣСӣңǽΪԪ˧
ΤҽУҲȼˣǳãҽҵӪΪһҷ˰Ӫ
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˵һǧװ㣬սǿװΤҽУѾԼžܷ˰ͶĹʱ̡
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ʱյĵ˱øǿˣάҵͱøΪСˣţһǧӣһѷ˵ĹҲסǵĺڳǣֻҪһ㣬ԮʱҲǺ˵δա
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һжҪ֪ЩֵļֵɲһƷһһ˵ǻ÷ʧ˼ʮɡ
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ݶԱԤֻҪһָװװֻͿںռúܴƣЩֻԷͲӺ͸Ӻһֱεıʤ
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ЦһҪٱҸױǣٸ˿ǹҸ˱ǡ


ھʮ յ
ڡ
˳ΪĳУߵģϵķз֪ʲôдϲ󱯡
άҵճռʱһλӢۣڵõİ֧Ԯռ϶֮ͳ˵ڶأڷ˵Ѿ˷ĺ԰
һУΪӢҪʮʱ䣬ΪֻҪһµĹάҵܵ˵ָ𣺡СļһӦһõָӹٹ
ֻһȷѡѣڷֺǰ¸˷ߣԷΪģȫڣȴԮ
Щ̰ðռΪԽֻҪһµʱ䣬άҵУȴֻҪԮ
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ǺȴԮӰǵ⣬ںɳӺڵÿһǳСͧںȡ˰գάҵĽͧεʱʧӰ١
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׸ڻج֮󣬼ֱҪˣһ̣Ȼͦˣ˾ĵݣǾǵѺƷ
ЩŸϸӪſԼ˶ʮɵĲƲҪʱתԼĲƲʱ׼Ҫȡж涫صѺƷ
ҲòվһˣԭǷ֣ҷϸӪʧ̫ණˡ
ΪһҴֳУеʱǰ˰ɣǴϸӪ߿˵޷ջصĲǻһݡ
ǾǵѺƷϸӪõÿһŵѺƷú󡢷ݡŴרԱҲȷϹˣÿһѺƷȴҪ߳
Щɽջֲ޶ʧܴ޶ΨһЩɽľų϶ںΣԿ׸⿪ϣ½ҪԲȡж
˶޺ãȺСķͽҪжǱİ򣡡
˵ţѾˡ䡱һ죬ХڵżХ磬׸⿪װȡжַǵĹ죬Ҫ
ڷԼɵľ޶ʧ֮󣬿׸ͷԱޱѣʶԼȡôжģѾ˰ףɣάҵУ
ʱķȻžĴͳѾŨˣάҵȴתϣϸ۲һڻЧ
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ǸװڴӺϵĹ˸ջǽһָװڴװʮڻСڣѷڻ˳еĲһزΣˡ
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άҵĻشǣҪԮ
ڵȴʲôҪԮĻڶнǧʿںڸӵһǧʿҪԮĻüǵã϶פǵĸǶҳϿɿİ
һļֳؾӣҲֶ֮İϷڱֲֳͬزӣڽֳֺ֧齨ԽֳʷϾãսǿΪڱԽļֳؾ򱻳Ϊ
׸άҵ˽飺϶ҪôಿӣһӾ㹻ˣӦǿڵ
άҵ˵һῼĽ飬֪𣿡
׸ſ˫ʵ֪ʲôһȺˣڰɵػǡ
άҵ۾һ˿ŭң´˶սţҵսҾս
һöľ˵¾գй˾÷֧ԮԮڵڵõԮ󽫲ȡһж
Ǽʹ÷ٽԮȻȡشԮľߡ
׸ս
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Ҳ֪˫սٴչսеĸɲ¹۲һսȻʵƣάҵûж
ƴûжǲֱӹȥ
ΪֹϸźͬеĲСλܼƴﵽǧ˵ĴûвμκսʼնĺϮŶ֣ᶽдһ̱ս飬άҵûнС
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Ӫ֮У˾̩һˣʲôӣϸӪ
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˵һСۣ侭ɳûȣȴٵһۣնξһ뵽⣬ͷӿ
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ڱӵİߣһܣάҵľһɵúãΤҽУ
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Щ;ϵ½սӺˮרҵʵʿÿһҲ㣬ٸάҵṩ㹻֧ԮԽʹ󵨵ɳǰӵı
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ΤҽУˣñлҪˡ
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ں磬ÿһׯնˣǺڶѾڼ쳷ˣΤҽУǰֻпŵԽˡ
ûκιϵΤҽУȴ뵽άҵĸԣе𣡿𣡻ЩѾѾ
磡磡磡ĵ꣬ΤҽУؽеһгǰˣǣ
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ˣǺӣ˻ŮˣΤҽУһԽԶס˵סκܵ˶ˣվԭصģѵصˣ
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ڷŭΤҽУһ۾ˣУ£չ¸ҵ׷һٶɻ񲢴ݻڣ˶ӵʮڵΪЯҩİ
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ҹϣİĿúԱһŵķﱤⶼǷĶĿ׼դ滹мװǰǹװμսЩ֮ȫǺĶ֡
ʲդвַǰսټⱾջǲתפصĵﱤȱеԹЧߡ
ʧأսʮˣʮˣ⻹ǻԹĽѣҲأֻˣˡ
ǸάҵϴһǶ⣬رײǽͳŵľԼ֮󣬶Լûж϶ԺĹ򣬰ΤҽӪȥӶ԰͸ŭˡ
Ըйˣʹսȭͷʮգ׼ʮռܼȫԺ˸һ
֪պһ죬Ѿͨ򶫾Ԯ鰸ԮѾʼ׼Ǵ


ھʮ ս
ҽԽ򻳵¸ʮգѾ
άҵ裺Τҽ㽫Ϊҵȷ棬ȻΪԪ˧
ԼĲӾмģֻҪϼڣȻһμᶨͻͻҪ֪ǹռǧؾص϶ǽ˸ˡ
ο㹻ıΤҽУһ񣺡ԸΪ
ʮտʼפں÷ٽԮ籨֮⣬άҵֹͣһмҵսж׼ʮͻֱֻֽ¸Ժһ
ǺͬڳӵжĿһ൱ĶĿйӶ˿ܹ˵ǲܲȰԼĹңܲԼϵ
̺һλ߼ٵʱõ˹ؽ鱨ʮ峿ȫ
ָӲ鱨֮һƬ֮䣬һάҵһԸ
ͳûֽţ˵Ӫܴ˵¥ϴνսն˰һնάҵĴ󹦾ͽң
սܸߣҲЦãֻõ
ȴӪֽźͷ˽ս뽫ģӪĲ˵һҪǰԸ
ʶֲ࣬ȴǼͨˣӪսǼ£ȴˣˡ
Ӫֻˣȫĺֻʿ˵ǹʮѣǺбһӪһ־ģӪԸȽ󡣡
վʵǿĻǰӪȳսʵǿϸţû뵽ľģݣǰӪۺЩʱӦ
ļͷһζĸоʷϾսһۣǰһѻӪȽսɣӪӦ
ȴҡͷӪٸúӣοʮ˿ǹĵΣȽս֮£ͽǰӪ
˵ΪȰס˵Ǻͷ˽һжҪСģ̫żʧ
⻰ȴǳغһȻŸλӪٱһȭ˻̵ģҲԸȷ档
˵ţˮˣλֵܣڻɵģû뵽˾ɥĲ񣬾ȻѻйǻĴɱմ壬ɲ¡
ˮǲܿƵ䣬ڻɧŷָӵģЩӺͺһϵûС
û뵽ǣֻҪǻĴӣ˾ҷǹչɱѴոɾǷǼ˾ɱһ뵽ЩѪеĴӲӶˣҲҪΪȷ棬ֻԸɱƤһ¡
ͼӪٹˣǵвߣҶݱɱ޹֮ˣ뽫λֵܳȫ
˵㣬ӦˣУһСġ
һ˰ꡣʮա㡣
άҵԮڲͬĺ·źʻάҵѾˡ
վǰΤҽУǻʤӡ
˵úãάҵ㹻ģںڣ϶ȡ˻Ի͵ʤ
ںں϶ӵеı٣Եĵ˸࣬ǰֻ֧һȺӶѣһǻСĵģһѹ˹ܻڴϡ
ÿӷʮܻǿάҵûκһ֧ڿ̺֧ӡ
οӵеһ֧ǿľӣ˰ʿаİʮ˺ʮܹѵԽˣں磬رֻв˺һЩԽˡ
ЩԽˣҲڷзİάҵѵָӲùʤĶԼһװٲǹšţװٲǹҲɵػκһ֧ԽϾӡ
ǿľӣȡʤǲܵģΤҽļ򣺡սվһ
ʱ𴲺Żû죬ķʿѾˣǾӪѻȸеһ̶˱׼ķʿĿȣŶ
ǵϰߣǰǻ¬ÿһ˶ӦʿȣάҵھӪѲһܣȡһʤ
ʱʮ֣΢ҪѾںӱ߼ϣѻȸ
ÿһʿһٷӵΪ˷ʱ̫һԤ׼һݸ⡢վƺͽɾƣһԺζĲˮ֮á
ǰӪΤҽУҪԼĲ½սǰǿҪ˽400ףҺаʱſڣÿʿϽֺķѵҩ
άҵһжԼ֮УΪԼĸ
ĲԴͬĳɷݣ½Ĵսˮ½½սӻΪЭֵжвӶɢˣǰݶӺͺÿһֶԱɡ
ڿÿָӼʿ䱸覣ڽ칥ɽǣȻغ衣
ڵȴάҵУѵվڰ˰ʿǰʿǣұ˵һ䣬ԴԽ˺йˣõİ취ʹʷڶǿľӣؽȡʤ
˰ʿǼžάҵĽս˶ǹ˻ҰˣһʥսҰ˺ͽս
ǸҰ˺ͽսս
Уϳƾˣ²κη²κθڷǵĵˣԾȥɱ¾ȥ
˰ٱѾǵʹάҵŻǵ´ָʱÿһҰˣҪκη²Զסһ죡
˿̣Ѿȫչˡ
Ӫֽ֮Ҳ׼ȽӴӪֽ֮ս취ҵǰӪڻ¸ǰǹдչƣʺӪױڻ¸ΪԤӡ
ϸŵȫǿϸӪԶҲ࣬վиɲսָһսҪάҵȫӣԵǹ죬ص򹥻ȫضϣ׼𡣡
õϸţʻ޷뷨ʱ˷еľ˵άҵɳٱǱÿһʿÿһƥǵġ
˵ϣʮǣгʤϣ
άҵķӽչúܿ죬ǵеĶţ˼µѵͶʵսһֵ֧Ĳӡ
ֱʱʮ֣ӲֹͣжϢһӣ£
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ڷ˿ǰΪʮǰǲӾܵϮģξĸְξսصڣ˷˳Ϊ
Ӱǰһףֽţһ൱ΰľţûˮһɺԵСӡ
ʮǰĲӵϴź⵽ĻϮ̶ʧܡ
άҵУֻǸŰξһˣôԽϵ߾Ͳάҵˡ
Ϣһϣǰ
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ʷݣΪǣͬһصΣοǲӵָӹٻ
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ɣξָ˰ˮֽ̤ţŶ԰ȥֻ԰Ѷɢǽܴɽǣ
磡磡磡˵仰ͬʱӪٸ˲ǹͬʱˣŻһЧ
ֽŵʿȫڻȫ¶ţȻڲʱͷָӪʿȫ൱ֽѾһƬѪеķֻʬԱΪϰ
չսΣչսΣ
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ڵ֮£չ˶ΣһЩսϵ½սԱˮ䲽ʻ൱ģǼǵһʱ˷Ӧ
˫չҵǹսǹֵ֮һռֽŲ·̺Ӫչ䣬˺ܴѹ
άҵҲѹ֧Ԯ̵ȥڱ׼
ݶӵһʱһɹμսһ̷ĻռϷ硣
ȻӵʿǱϾֻӵʮ˿ǹǼٸ˲ǹ˹һ߰ˡ˹һĺ٣ÿһֲǹܶʿ˵ҪǿӪҪװņ̀ǹ
ֽ֪ܿһಢԼսóˣǶѳһѵĺ㣬˵ˣٸһѵ
άҵǵһʱΤҽӪǰȥսЩȫݶӽ֧Ԯȥֻкٵ䲽ǹǡ
ӪȴһԺˣǺ󳷵Ժ°壬ǾĹķ£ܸ˸ڰĺд壬սǰĹ滮ǰӪһʱдչ
Դʮ㡣
ֽŵһ࣬ͻϮӦǲΣյĴţֱӴӸɿݵĺӵʼǰάҵУȴõ˵ͷһʮһаˣʮһ˸ˣһǷˡ
ʷϣûһ˿ǹӪͻϮжشһͻغزΣӵʮ˿ǹڸ˸
ҲάҵУŭˣʫˣŵľңС˵ңһָӹ٣ȫܹ65ֽǰһ״չأʼȥ֧Ԯǣ
ɫװɫĶѾԽֽţκʱĿı־Ӫʹòͬչņ̀ǹʿ˵²ǹһͬǰȥ֧Ԯŷһɲӡ
峿ڻҩɵţӪȻռһλã֡ݡѹһֳɵأǷڱռƣȻʿ˵²ǹĻ·ϡ
䣡ʮڵָǷǳ½սڣֱӶ׼Ӫʼ˺
ŻڲϿʼܿ÷ʿ˻ҲӢڷǰ档
ǰߵĲӶԽֽŵ·̣һѾ°תƹƣѾںдµķǸӦĻǰӪ
˫ǹսǳңܿ취˷дĺһתƹȥ
ڰһ࣬ڱչһٻֽһʮ״Сռڻء
άҵŭˣȴˣӣڱӣ
û˳ؽȷ棬úдչ޷Ӧ
Ҫ֪ռ϶ʿڵʧ޷ܣˣҹӣڱֽʱ׼ӣ¬
һǹд˵ⲻ̫խս²ڳʱͻӵ
άҵǹŭ𣺡ӹӣȫǣ
άҵУٴξȣػʵ¸ңڱĽ乥ˣǰ
ԽԽķԽֽţرڻ֮ű¸ңЩȣǸ°ؾԽԽѹ
ʷϣڻ̫°岢ûм̫ãʱգӵһʿ˵ǹ°սֱڻûг׽
ԱҲϴŵǲ౻˻ʮ׻ѾںӵϿʼֻڶľ൱ƻǵֶ֣ȷУ÷ʿǣҲؾС
ҪǵĵоصѹĵʮоǵչӪԽԽ
ټ½ǲָɣξָԵϳָ࣬ŲͬƵĲӴӲͬչƣڱѹؾĻ
еؿһǰսԼ߰ʮҪɰǧĺսֻܴƣ޷սĻǱȻһѡ
ȻǸ٣ȱķɵĵ֮վʿǣⲻӵϴ̵棡
ķɵӵûд򵹣ɣξ¸ҵشŲչͻ
ֽһάҵһ㣬ڵȽеķӺԽսˣڱ׼ţȫǣ


ھʮ 
ڳ£ϸŵľٺʿؿǰʱҰս绰ѯǰ۲ڵĹ۲
Ϊ˷ֹо֣ϸžֽŵսԼľ룬еĸɲǹ쳹ǹ
磡еһǹż̨绰ͬʱӪˣ
չսΣչսΣ
ྭӪȴľһ̣һʱסǰƽͨѶŲӵҰս绰ߣ͵ܶʱ׼Աں󷽻׼ĵӵ
ȫصǰ
ɣξŭǲӵʿΪ֮һǲķɵĵƬڱ֧Ԯ¾ͳ°չ˴̵档
°Ӫ˲ˣڸ˹1878ʽŲǹĹ֮£ǽǶ֣ʹӪٸˡ
˫ȶһױΧ˵ܴɣ
һڵ°壬ҡҡͷ͵ǹ֧ӣǰӪѾд壡
оԽԽ࣬ĲӪֱ벨սʱ˺γڳս
˫ϣԿоʮ⣬ǹ𣬶ɣξҲؿһָӹž񲿶ƴ֯ŵֿҰ˵ͷĿ
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зַɫΪάҵӢ¶һǸάҵд巢ȫ湥
ΤҽУǻһۣŵһѾûκԤӣֻмʿһʿԱ߽ӦҪһı
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ؾѾ˰ٷˣҲڷɿظŵܣѻӪ¹صȻǰƣ׼ֽţ
ؾҲǿһʿߺţʿʿǣΪ˷ΪԼŬɣ
ԱҲʶҪԣֻҪһڣԱͲ»ߣǶѻӪʼ䡣
̴ٽ˫вСҶֵĹǸɻڣȻȻڷٵתأֻҪһι¹ص
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Ǿ޶ξָӵĲӣˣҼذ


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޶ξļʮԮսߣѻӪĹӪΪ֮һ͡
˫͸żʮ״չҶ䣬Ǽ㷨õԮ֧֣ڻҲܵѹˣ˹ǹΪһֳƵġ
˫صϿỤ̃ǹÿһӵͻɢỊֻ̇ǺܿѻӪͲڹصٲǹѹֽţ
ͬһʱ䣬·еȻҲֽΪĿ֮һǷٵغԤĿ꣺ֽţף䣡
޶ξҲ֯ĵֻֿԽԽȻ˫ѷھҲǿһЩǻർ°ؾʧԽԽ
ΨһֵҵǣԷڽ̬ƣһԱݣѷԱȴֻܼڻˡ
޶ξ֪ĶŲѷͶսĺֻһӻһСӪѣǵԮʱ
һ뵽ԮͲɻͷһۣòǹȻڷֽţֽűһѪ·ֽͨŵһЩԱҲѹڵϣ֧Ԯ
һĳ˾޶ξ֪ļѡ񣬵һԱԱս
ڰ֮ڣʮ˳սԱǾڵһţһ߹עŶߵǹµȻڵʱȥǵ޶ξҲκһ֧ԮԱҲμս
˵İ취ȴ޶ΨһָԮϵ۰ҰɣΨһġ
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վڹصϣǰսҵһĻǴɫװķʬϰپߣʧСս
Ϊ˹ռصأϸͬʱ˺ܴۣǹصʧֽű֮ⳡԤڷսѾˡ
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꾭Ӫһսڣ뾹˱䡣


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˳˼һ̧ͷѯ룺ںڻжٷؾ
ȻϸӪԼĶ鱨Դǹںڷ鱨ȴԶ绨̣ȫǻ˴ͽǵ֮мλڵʿ
΢һͷ˵άҵ֮󣬴ԼʮˣԼһǳڻϰźͼװ񡣡
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źͼԮֻؾһЩսܲѷȻӵǧϵƱʤ㼫
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ϸӪѻӪ嫺ӪԼűֱתΪԤӡ
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ϸŵ߲УҲֻм˲֪󵨵ļƻˣƶƻԼΪϸӪѵһսע޷ɵʹ
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Ϊд沿ָӣξͬĿһǲȺûǴӵɱȥʿ
˶޷άҵʧܣǴ˰˰ʿлİʮʿһ䱸õĸڣʧˡ
ʧˣд沿ӵָ˵ӵصķ޷һ㣬оܵ޷ĳ
һȺй߾ϵҰˣһȺͽôͻǿάҵǲӣһξѯһ䣺ǵ
ξش⣺Ǹĵ֮УĶСһҰͽάҵУʧܣ۹ɭֵʧܣ
ɭʷʧ֮һնںɭм¬˹ţݴʧ֮ʹ˺Ƴۣͷײǽߺ¬˹Ҿš
ξΪһӵľ٣֪ԼΣڣұǺڵָӹ١
ͳѾʺսҪأڶԺʵʩ¹ƣ˶ҵ
û˷˼ǻάҵ˵ʧ֮У˵ʧܣ۹ɭʧһ㡣
ҸĵǺںƺͬںڴıʿˣҲٶѡ
ܻάҵҰ˲Ǻεǿ󣿲Ǽ
ԣһСʱ֮ڼһ֧ǿķǲӵҰ˲ӣ˶뵽һʣƻ
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װйձֽ˾÷ٽ£Ҳ㱨һϢ⵽ֳʷʧ֮һάҵУΤҽУɽǲ⵽ش𡣡
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ξܿдýȥսһؽʱ԰򣬳ֺ񲽱ʦܱﵽǧңװŷʽĻڣĿ߱棬װһȽĺŻڣΪ޶ξʮذһСʱڻӳˡ
װȽװĵоΧ֮£άҵǲӼֶĸСʱǧ˵Ϊҩľս
ΪеҪ÷ٽеĲǰ֧Ԯöˮϰսںڽ
ٵдԮ籨ʾȥʱͻȻ˻һٴеξԮˣ
ξڻûл·ǸĶħѪһ仰еһƣԮˣ꣡
ǵߵӵȥʱٴ˵ⲻԶԶ
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Ҫ֪Ѿɳ½Ϊ˴ӣ׽ѲҪλˮˣʮʿµļޡ
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ΣάҵɲһĲӣѾ˹̣Ҫϸŵĳ˲սƷ
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ķ˺ֱԱӲ֮⣬ӺİʮԮҲŷ˲ԱЩʿѾΪԤӡ
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˶ҪǰŲǹսһҪýɻԽЩɵţǵǹˡ
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ʲôΪʲôһҲ£
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ǿܲòʱˡ˵仰Ǳˣ÷ٽ£ںڵľжҲܸ̫֧Ԯ
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ڶغӵķڻԷĽӶԴһֻ֪תˮʱڸڡ
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Ȼûнɻ񣬵Ǹɵǵľ͵ڶ˷һۣ˷ܵ˵ɵǵľǰӪ԰ˣ
ڶӣ˭˷ܲѣȻ˵ڶǿ󣬵ѷʮŴСڣôҲһѷĲܸԷһѵ
ǿԼҵͨѶܺõ绰ڶӸ׷ֻҪСʱͿԣ
ֳŲ˵ģһԴڵ
ϣʮһʱ
ⳡջ˺ڳķ֮һĴȼղϢҴСͧһ佢ͷϣʱ׼
ںѲеļҾҪˣ⼸ڽʱ
⼸ںڽĺ𿾵ø󺹣޲ðѺװ£ȴ뱣ֺǱǵȴҹ硣
һȡ
վںӵϣ骶ŵ绰ڱڱ䣡


һ ϴ
ȿǺͭڣһͳһҴзϵĺڱͬʱʼڿŨҵİضһصζڳ˺ü׾룬źʿϽȥûڸλëˢš
ڱͬɣȻȻڲҪиλȻ˲䷢һĺŹ۲Աؽеúã䣬ǰʮף
ЩʹͷҩȻڣȻھСڷٶȴϺͭںʤһΡ
ڽͣķڽ佢ڹ֮УͬڵʵڵָĿڵȻڵڽϣ˲˻
һʮڵڵ巢һһڽڽҡһ£ȻҲж
ЩСͽͧƬ֮£λϵˮ˲ͱ˺üѪ͵Ƭͬʱ£ٴе
ҹڹŸˮƽļϸӪǺչҹһر⼸ڽֱõĿˡ
ʵĵڽˮϣİˣÿһҾ˻Ŷ԰ʻȥ
˫չսˣԼʤȻǾоԵġÿһڽ佢˲ֹһŻڣЩڼʹõӢȥҲһָĴοھڡ
ǵĶ֣ȻӵżʮžʽڣǷٶҲߣղһڻȻ˲Сȥֵѷˡ
ڻ
λַӦܿ죬ܿһȵҩͲʹӻȥٱŶĺڱչ˺˫涼쳹Żں
˫ҵĻں˫ֵһʱ䶼ڶӴ裬ȫ˼ѷ;޴Σն׼˾Ϳʼ
ǧѷĻᣬǲԸŹȥϸӪȻͷˣʱ任һء
涼ǻˮһƬڵշɹˮ汻޾˻˫ĺŽ涼ü
ɱɱɱ
ڷԼһ΢֮У£ѷڽȫѹЩڶӣǺҹѷǰѻ𣬱յһԷڱؾЩˣֻƾоˡ
ҪΪ˼ǿķأѾЩϲ˺ܶڣ൱ֺˮڽֻܷ߳ɡ

һ˶ϸӪоͲ࣬ȻγһĻǵ꣬ҲڵڽɵʧȻ˵С
еķҲһսŴӴ²ĻѾɿص׼һں䡣
侫ܺãÿԷڽȻѷ֮ڣעصһ㣬ϲôܵÿ
վڶ֮УŲµڵ¸񣬴ǳԴͣ
ϸӪĹ۲ԱæµǷɿرžλãȻڵĺʱʱһȻڵھһЩʧ
Ҳһ׵ķڹԶ۲һս˫λһֶ䱻ĸо
ôСڽȻҲҪˣܿͱһƽ̬
СôڲûӶݣǻڳһ߻һսһòͷˡ
ʹһ׽Ҳ׽½ڱЧ֮ڣʮŴСڲҪ뷨ʮŽڶԺ䣬ԿƮˮϵķ
˻ԽԽ󣬷ҲԽԽ󣬴λİȥʱͱһѪҲսʽǲ콢ֽڻ
һָΣգҲ׹۲оУһԶҪĻ⡣
һ˲俪ʼǰԽ˺ӵߣŷϴİˣŶ԰¸ҵʻȥǰ
ڱѾŻ٣ϸӪȻҲܳſʼĸ٣սƺռЩϷ磬ǸӴ󵨣źӰ¸ҵж
һĻѾͶ׼˵绰ܹ
ںӵϣ嫺ӪʿһõǵһʱԾ˺ӵ̣ǰǷȽںڽһѲǹûǴͶͶ
ÿһһӣӿ񵯣еʿʼе񵯣ըǣ
ڽӰ̫̫խˣ嫺Ӫ񵯶ܴڽϣÿһڽ佢϶񵯣ǽϵıը
ȻʹװζҲ޷Ծɴ˺Ǳ¶ڱ棬رλһ˲䷢˾޴ĲУѪÿһڽһƬ졣
񵯹Ƹûֹͣͷ̫ˣ嫺ӪʿɵذҵϣȻ淢һ޴ıըͶֿԺ޹˼ɵͶԱרŸ𹩵
ⲻĹһڱͻȻ˺ţ
ѾõŰ˶ȻںȻڲ骵ָ֮£һʱ䣬˶׵ĴȻڵɲȻڵԱȽϵģ㹻װҩ֤ھһըͲؾҡ
ҪĹںӵϣڣ巢巢У
ڿڱŷţһڵʹ˼ʮ佢Źһ˲䣬佢ͷһ޴ıըബԱˮͿʼԾ˱ڵŵĴȥ
һ֮ʧȥеģǾòܻһʤΪ
ⲢȻڷļҲͭڿĺأϤĻڣ׽ڣ
ҲǵڣһЩС;ʹҲҪܵش֮ѾһαըԲʤ
Ҳһڵȥеɣֻ˼ھϣ˶ˮȥˣںҪԸĿʣһ롣
ϸӪ׼ڶڵ֮ǰӾǵĵʧȥһѹƺڱغ
ڶ̶̵ڻ֮ϸӪٴȡûԻ͵սһڽȻǳܲڵϴֱײ˶ĺӰһ̲ˮ׷ðڻӼѪĴߣѾˡ
ҴƴʻûлͷǶڵԱʧܴ󣬶ҴҲڽˮǺĻпܵһʱͻˡ
ܼ֮ȥȫ˵ǺеĺټԱľ𣬵ж֮ԼܸܲϻغȥҪ֪ϲ˹Աֻʣ֮һ
Ŀ֮ϸӪͺٴζ׼˺ұϴ佢ֻǵһʱ俪ȴķڱ޷ϸӪõҴ龰Ǵ˶ʮ෢ڵҴڼ֣һˡ
ȼգ컹΢
仹ˣԼһսĽ
һ佢һڽ̲ɹѷ֮ڣѾ޷Ϊãڽе෢ش
μѲߵһ˲ҲʧӰ٣֪ڶʱںġ
۾׼ж԰ѾǳսǴһ˿΢Ц㹻ˮ
ƾ´һ峯ۣ֪ʲôʱð˳ͳҹݣ
ݣҲû뵽ȻԼôһˬԼһѽս񵯵Ĵ̵죬ԼҲʤˡ
ȻڱţԱʮˣǰѷˣȥķֱѹ·ŮһԼˡ
ƾϲԵһ䣺ǰӪսҪͳô
һʱ䣬ٿһ¶԰Ļû˵¶ʮճʱ룬ս죬ȫս
˵ţǹעؿŶ԰ǳںڽǱ汻Ļڴ棬ƼʹϻعڴޣҲά²ܲսDDôصˣԽϸ޷άޡ
֪ʹôһҲǳΣգԽٴװΪһ̶ʹãԽм׵ά޴ĵڵʡ
ϴ巢ڵԼһܼңʹˣҲܵõõĸֲģ˫ͬĿ֮¡
ƾ˳۹⿴ȥȴϻЩѪż߷ˮʬ壬г죺ãûҵʱЩ
ڱξ˵ͬĸоѿһ̣סڣֻˣ
һѻȻǰѺסһҹҲפںڵĺͧȳߣҽȥκԮͧҪǽ̵Σԡ
һЩٴ̲ɹڽϲһŻڣһѾ򻵣ԼѾʧȥǿˮ֧ԮֻԼˡ
ҹ˺ĻǿֻѷһЩΩһ԰οԼıѷ֧ԮڳǿһսоŰңмװ
ϸӪͺڷԮƾһصǰӪ͸Ҵݣһؿ㽨ҵˣںڵڽѾܣھٱ淨ܲˡ
Цһܽҵƴ˸ϸӣʥǰԼ䣬ԱЩ
һսʤѾȫģֻΨһеͷʹı嫺Ӫ
嫺ӪǰӪİǿǹȴϲ٣ҹսҲۿģϸӪڶȷʵж֮˵ڶӼѹϸŵڱ
СȻڣգʤʱԴ˾ܣ󣬲ͨҪ͵ֻڣѷǿ
ϸӪлһЩǰŵͭڣҲǾƷ֮Уǻǿڶһ䣬Ǻ磬ȥռ졣
ڴ˵Ҫصǵĳֻ˵ȴûʵͷ嫺ӪģҪȡڶ
Ա˵ͳˣСԸΪȫӪ
ƾ¿һۣȴǸڳҲ֮ʿҴӦˣݣɲõڳһƬϾˮ
ڳ˸ȴ˵һ䣺ϸڶǿһ뷨
˵ҶԵϲ»ǺܿʲôҪֻᣬֻҪ磬ʲô¶̸
ڳһϸӪϵͳ׽ŵ˵ϸӪڣ
ڣƾ²ͳԸɣ
ȴϸӪϵرãȻ⣺ֻȥ裬ͳǱʲôҪӦбǣ
ƾЩ죺ѵǰӪϸӪĹϵȻ֮ã
ںָԣӪͷҲҵǰӪǰӪϸӪĹϵƺһЩ
Щ˽


һ ս
ƾµ϶ʱһ˿Цݣ˵һ䣺˺ڣݣǰӪΪӪټһӪպǽͳһӪһţƣ
仰ºе⣬ս֮Ӫ˭ͳ䡢ǻҶӪӪͷ
Ӫʷ̣٣սӪһֽܴ󣬵ⶼǺʷһӪͷսҲϵܱȣҪǣֽ֮սӪȻ˺ܴ󣬿ɽɻҲܴǰӪҪһЩ
ȻȾָ֮ģֻ֪ӪںӪΪ׽Լղֻƾ仰ֵȼ顣
ǰ·ͳȻͳӪͷһǿĲţ·ͳȻ棬ҲһϸĲӡڲƵƲû̵ʶƾµĻ֮ҲӦӪ
֪Ӫ뻮һָԣԼҲܰõӪǿԸ䵽Ӫ˵Ĺģеģôģ
ϣ⣬ƾ۾˵ȥԣιڣһӪͷ׹һͰӪݣЩ
ⳡսûпʼѾĻҩζȴȻҴиĻҩζ
Ҽӽɻˣ
࣬ǺУʮְԱ۾ضʮϣǵȫҵ
ԵȻǸʽֽңӷɵƱһӦȫһΪӢԶӵΧʤĶ𱣻ͬʱɯŮŻͽڴЭιж
ǱߵһǣԼǰߵκ;ģȻĲƸһѴջһ֣۾ȴС
˷˿µ⣬ж忪ţ֪еÿһƸأĺҪеĻƽ𡢰ͭǮǦǮ
ȻάҵιһΣԼЧʸһЩҴʮֽٴһ˿ƽ׵ɫʡ
Ȼڹᷨ˵Խ飬Ѿ֣֮ͨһž޶һҲġ
ֶΣĿģǱںѯһ壺࣬ҪҪһ죿
ȻҪģȻЩԽԼʵʵǮĴ㣬ҲмѾ磬ЩǮļһЧİ취ɱ￴
ʤʵļһɱ˱ǣ嵱ʵһ£ڵʣҪ߰
˲Ƹ֮⣬ںڳڵķḻʸȤǸֲġͭǴסͣϸӪľԭϣѾʮԵֽҿչȫ
Ѿȫķֹ帺ʤϵ⣬Ķϰٸ˲ǹǳصģǴ֣ҪںڵԱͷںǧԱ
Ȼطߣ˭ҲԿȻ̴ͷʤǻ̶һʡ
ͺ񣬲Ҫð̫ķգÿһμ͵ºֵܷһǮҺڽľѶԵˡ
ֻһۣǸŮǹŮһֲĸоȻͬѽ̶ɯŮڻеĵλԾ죬Ҫ˺ҪĽ֮Ŀǹ
ɯŮпвԼڶĵλȻǰŮ︹̵Ǹ˸𣿡
ҲȻҲץڽóɯŮʵѡԼ취һ˻ɽá
ΪרҵʿϣûͿʼŵʱѾʤͺЭ֮£ȥֵʮƱƱӣзɣҲкƱֵúֻܵͣ˼΢˴սʡ
ѹ滮õģιǻ򲻳ɹҪѺǳذգһֽҾʹˣȻڴ̵ı·ַȥŷ˻Խ˻йˣڶشֽҺծȯ
Щծȯдˣ֮ʿƱԪʣݶ껹һ֣׼ʱ
廹Щծȯǩһ԰æᣬ˭֪ʧˣЩծȯͳɲֵһǮķֽʹֵܼסҲˣô˭
ɺôҲ¸ɣڼʹǿʴҲòܱ࣬ΨһϣǺ˳ظɵˣ֮׬һʡ
廹Ц˵ãһƬ֮ģǺǾǵģܲɰҪʣǱˣ
Щ˶мҲ֮֮ϸӪȴ޷ֻܾҪﵽ۸ŻݣǷ
һ֮ǰϸӪõķѺŷ˿ӵһͿеһϣάҵҪʶĸѣںٴֹİ취Ķȴǲ١
ںǰͬˣսڼ䣬ϸӪҪսʣҹǽһʹӺ˲֪ٻƽͭǮôۺĲһֱڷ˵ķ֮£ƻϷƽ⡣
Ωһǵǲɹʲô˵ɽȥԷϸӪһսȥDDһ뵽ЩԼϵĺծȯǾжǷ˫棬ȷʵܸʡ
˼յǮծȯͿʼ͵˴˽̸۾ϸ⣬¶֮£ڴĿϣһһֽҾͷʾźۺʵ
ϲĸоԽǮ㹻ȳϣһһɺͺƱĥţǴԼ
֪ʹԼһָܻǮָ϶ֻǮöˣɫЩŹ֡
Ҫ÷ˣʵֻԶԶڵ棬ڴźеϢĵȴһ⡣
ŷ룬ŵߵǰѹʵ췢ķɡ
ǸСԣȻڷϤ֮ǽȴִԼ﷢ȥķƺô仰˵Ūͨûκ⣬ԼȴԼԼطЩƱƺ⡣
ʲôʱǴ⣬ʹôִٵĳϣҲһ˶Ĳһ̧ͷһۣȻ˵淨ɣ
ٷְٵ淨ɣ
췢ȥķɣǺЩƳɵĴƷķɲܴ߷µķóȥԱȣҶһ۷ǼƱӡ
ĻȴŲͬζ淨ɣ
Ķ棬ѯʵ淨ɣǻ̿԰æ
һ롣սʼ֮ƻɵϸӪļȶԭ򣬵ЩĴƷٷɻ̫࣬ϸӪδԹ֮ɽ˺ܶࡣ
ѼٷͶͨǼ£Ҫ֪Խϵֶ֧δֻУһİ֧ս֧
һҲݵķǾԽѾ൱ķʣַȷЯֻҪӱʿͽֺ֧ǵֽңҪ֪ʷϣзսĻᣬֳͷṩȡ˾޶
ֻҪһɷųȥɵҪһ룬ʹһҲֱֽңҶںƱиߵζȡ
ǿзսծȯֶΣҲΪ˹̺Ʊ壬ֻ֪ҪսһʼƱıֵ޿ɱDDǼȶ롣
㹻ʵһ¾ѵķڱ߳׸編ɣ
ȻƱҲڱֵҪֻǱȷܵÿУƱı̶ֵȱȷɺͰͭǮҪ㹻
ٷɻΪǵġ淨ɡڻȴһֻ᣺ǻҪ淨ɣԳ䵱ǵľѡ
΢Ц˵淨ɣǸö
˹سԷͬĽʿ綼Ǵڳ⣬Ҳܱʳܷʢ˶ԵüžֻĬĬ÷
˶ʶǵһͣѾ۲˺ķ
ǿķЩ߸ߵĵﱤͷʹһשʯģԵø̣ʹڱֱӺԺƣͷʹ
ؾֻ࣬ǻܺãҸںܶ࣬ȻάҵֽŲûúϵŻڣǴҶЩȽڵ
˵սƾݹأѷҰսֱ˺ˣеʿֻĬĬ÷
ǾսйļսǶԽϹپĴݣǶԻĲǶˣԼȥ
Ǻڱ䣬һ̶վΪڻǱ顣
Աˡ


һ 
ڱѾʼǵ䣬ָĻڷ֮󣬿ʼ˶еĻ̵ƣǰǹ̿ʼ
ιս˵ڱǱزٵģǲɻȱģϾһѻȻڷٻķ֮һҲյЧ總ǹĺۼյøɸɾȫɨߡ
ϸӪʿҲĹ˼򵥵ĵ壬Щط˽ͨǴҶ֪ԽطںݺĹϵûа취ȡ¾Ĳԣ¾һ׾Ȫˮð
׵ľ룬ŲͽԾһֱ嵽Щִ޳ɵϰ͵ﱤ֮ǰеĸɲʵع۲֮󣬶һ϶粻ǺÿеĹͷ
ڳձݲͬȫǷʽ񣬹ôʯķʽɾͿΪ̵ĵֿ㣬Χڲвٵﱤߴףڻ𷴸֮
һʼǼҵڻָĻڶ׼ΧĹ¿ʼܼĺֻڼˮ׼ڵһֺ֮лڵٶ
ЩʽĻһͳˣֱֹͣˣֲŻȥѻڸλҩ׼һȴߡ
ԷڱܿͿʼǵѹƹǾǳڱģ˫ڵջһߣȻԵһϴ
ڱȽڼ֮󣬽ѹ˺ڱҲûռϷ磬ͷʹϸŵļȻڡ
嫺ӪͶȻڣԼӪȻʼûжֵĻÿͿʼתƣȻٴչؽк
ǶڷĸֻڶŲСвȻڱѹƺͷѹǼ൱ĵ飬Ƿܿ췢֣Լķ豻ֲ֪Ļڴˡ
ֻҪڵѷͱǿСģԱ⵽ʧǺòҵһεоĻأûпʼͿʼתˡ
ڵȻɱֻǿƻһЩϰڵﱤ͹µƻ˫չѹ뷴ѹƵս
ض쳹ŻڵĺξΪָӹ٣ȴŲ
Ѿʧȥ֧ͧԮڱĽ·磬Ǽֱ⡣
˫໥ѹƵзڱأֻǷٶȶ࣬ѯһڱξûУ
ģ㹻ڵ
άҵںͻ㹻ĵҩǹ㹻ÿһѲǹٷڵһƽһʮֻʧ˹뿪˹ڣ޷ʹûڵĳѹơ
Ҫ֪ʮߺ׵ܻڣһʼһӿԷʮ߱ڵԽһӪ˺ƬֻֽսʧŻڣĽս֮ؾٴʧȥˮ潢֧ͧԮ
ڱŸ¬İξӦ֪ڱսǷʤֻЩͧʵ̫ڲͬˣǼʵĴأ
ǰãһŻڷϣʵʩһٰʮȵĻߴĹ۲ڿԵһʱյоĶ̬ڱ㹻Ĳڻڱµһʱͱڻû
£ҵʮһŻڣһЩʱͭڣĻڣʹŻںͬչսȡȫʤ
ǵһŻڣԽʮŻڣ㹻ڵȥʹõĹ뿪˹ڵǧڵ⻹ͭڵڵ
ڱξһϸ߸Ʈɫ죺öͭڣҲȡʤǵĻˮƽȻͣˮƽõļŻҲϱսˮ׼һЩСڶѣ
˵ֻҪڱڣɫԶƮ
ѾڱˣǸ˵ȴһĻڳǺȻڿʼ
ǵһʱ䵽ڱȥȴǺѻʹþѻǹʱڱûʲôڱڸصĸеĻڶֱӷ¶ϣһʼڷռ㹻ڱƣǿԺ޹˼ɵطڻ
һ̣ȴһѣϸӪľѻ־ѵÿһ˶ǰٷеǹ֣رڻװľѻרҵľѻòǹǼֱǹֵǹ֡
磡磡磡
ѻּһʱ䶼ǵĿ꣬ǵĿ겢ͨڱǹ۲Ա;٣ӵķĲǹǴ˵壬ɾ޴ˡ
רҵľѻ⣬ӵٲǹҲһľѻʤڶ࣬ͷһǹϮҲ
ѪڱضȾˣһе֮Ѫʹӿһֱ絽֮Ļڣǿʼټǵһʱ䶼ڵХ
ֲ֪Сڣڱһ˺ڵҵıѣڱضɨһ顣
ξɴ۾Լڱأһڱûչ˲ڣͳȥߺԱжʮˣرԽϿأڱһڻѾȫѹסˡ
ǼʹٹһҲʤǣڱξĴԸոճڣȴԼڱѾһƬǼϸһ
ȻһڻͱѹסˣôǱסڶӵһڼϣڽȥսڱӦܷӺܴãŻڡ
ںľʽڿ϶ͬЩ֪ġ

ڱѹƵͬʱĻھ͸ˣкеڵؾķ˺һӡ
һڱξ޷⣬ǵڱЭͬôôǿ
֪ⴿҰս绰Ĺͣ˵绰ʹ뼸ϸӪͺȻ֪Ρ
Ѿʤǰˣ˵Ӫͻ
ǵڱ湥һӪȻʱ֧ԮЩڸ˲骾Եġ
ڹȥľ飬ĹᲢûвȡ˺սһʼͻͻɢΣչúܿ졣
ķʱҲ׷״Ӹð˳Ǵ˷ͺչǹսͼѺͻͷȥǺϸӪڱ֧Ԯǰ
䣡ڱٴθʹðķɵĵƬڱȻӿλ
ѻָɵһԱ۲Աһ٣Щڱָʮֻҵ£ڿڶ׼ͻĺ
䣡öţһڵں˲СһڵǵλϣһڵַˣǷڱƴչڻ
Ǹҵսڻչ˫ĲǹŵӵսҲκһ骿ǰͻ˲һ롣
Ҳãĵֿ֮ǿõӽ緢Ӿ׻ڵǹлٵĳشһƬ
ڱ
˫ڱ˼ԼİΣƴغţȴˣƨ鱨
ݺõ鱨󲿷ֱѾֽžͼߣںؾķˡ
սһ죬ǲ骻ǻңܴӵоǹ͵̶ֿбֹˣ
Ȼڷĵһ֮߱У˴װ񣬵оľٶط֣һ߱ﵽңҷû¶棬ֻľָս
ǱĿǵģڵڶߣѷ˷ڵһߣôͻʧȥеģս߻ȫ
ڵһߣĺʵڱǿķ㹻սģڱĶսӣһƴء
׼ӱһʱˣ˾Ҫ׼ˣ
ΪϸŵͷƣϸӪսǿ嫺ӪѾսˣѻӪֽʧСؽÿԼҲӡ
˾̩Ҳϲֵεĸоȥ׼
ڵһߣ˫ǿԿԷˣϸӪĲһԵһ߳ŶĵﱤͶ񵯣˫Ͳ̱ˡ
ðǹֵų뵽ô̵ľ룬ǰѾǷҪشˡ
ĽʮŻڣȽĸڣͭڣȫƴʹؿǸ˲ҩģֻѺһƴԺս˳ࡣ
ҲĸĺŲСˣصǿͷԶԶ֮⣬ϸڳȷ沿ӣȴһ
ʧٵΪֹȻ˵ǲСڽܵļ֮ڣƲܼȥôȥڻ²ʹҲḶܴۣһҪսϵԱ
Ҫ򿪳氡
ô򿪳ʱ嫺ӪȷѾ֣׼


һ 
ʵʩ̱ƣ
һ嫺Ӫı乥ʽǵȻڲ׷ѹƵоڱתǰǸﱤĻٲǹ˹ǹ׼˵ﱤϵʮαʹ޷Ҳǲ¶ͷ
ıѾըҩһ·Ծеڶʱ׼ʼжϱĲϸӪõСըҩʮ幫Ĵըҩըҩ֮⣬ʲôûд
ڶӣϸŵȻȫѹԷڱȫѹƣһʱͻơ
ڱʼȫ渴ξɫÿö࣬ЩֵĻڷ䵯ڵѷĻɵѹƺĻڡ
ϾװǷڣɵѹƺŻڣֻѯʵǵĵﱤ᲻⣿
û⣡ڱξ֤ûдھĻڣʹǵﱤǰֱʮǹȻܱã
ξĸˣʹʮùȻס
ƺӦĺ٣ǰصһﱤͻȻһ춯صޣڱը֮ﱤڵλöŨҵ̳֣ըשľ˷ξоԼĶ䶼Ҫˡ
찡
ûˣĴըڨDDû뵽ĺ
ɱ
嫺ӪĲǰԾοȴɱ޷𺶣ڻѷ
̳ɢȥǸԭߴ׵ĵﱤѾһƬ棬رǱըģ㼸벻ǵﱤ
嫺ӪĲѾˣǺдչսڱѾըըʮˣʣµʮ˸嫺ӪĶ֣һӻ𣬾ʮˣܿתܡ
ǱξûӦڻһ׵ŭХ
ǶھĻڣЩٶ˵Ǽʶ㣬ǼʶھĻڣԾǱըһ˲䣬еĺٶȷжϣһըһٺµĻڻĽ
ɺӵжĿھĻڣξһʱ뵽һʮ׵Ľڣһʱһ롣
һʮ׵Ľܴ󣬿ɾһ춯صŭȴ൱ľ룬һʮ׵ĽڣҲܣܿѻĿ䵽һپʮ׺Ͷʮ׵棬ǷѲ󽢺׽е䱸Ӧһȥܴһﱤ
ǵĶ棬ľͬԲĿ⿴һУ۾ʵǵҩ̫ˣٽҩû
ڳȷһҲһըԾһﱤǰһ泯ǹһӾͳ湥
ľٿսΣȴ׷Թ骣ôҩô˷ѸʲôСըҩ㹻ˣ
һը֮󣬴ҶĵﱤѾһȽȷĹƣֵﱤеԲεﱤһשʯɵĸ¥ִָõıĿꡣ
ձ˵¥ЩͬεĵﱤשɣȻܷһЩСڵֱӺľںȴֽһһơ
Ҫ֪žڽսʵʩƣǵﱤǴ͵ĳǽǵõһۣשľṹĳǽ۶߶ڱƣΧǽȣ˵ǷǳԱƳɹ
Щﱤǲִש޳ɵģںѾʼ骣Сҩʵʩ̱ƣҪЩ
ϸӪװըҩʹÿζװʮ幫װҩĴըҩ˹װҩͨըҩԼĹװҩСըҩĹװҩСըҩΪ㣬ʵʩƣԴɴըҩֿԵĳ񵯡
ըҩװҩ࣬ÿӪͷЯ˼õռĻĹСըҩھѾһΪСըҩ㹻ˡ
ϾСըҩװҲǿζᣬֵϼʮĺڻҩȴһ䣺ʲôõըҩʲô
ζȻǴ󣬵ǸԴ󣬶Ҳ׳ڱ棬ҲܸɴࣺɶװҩҲ£
ǰأ嫺ӪҲ˷ķһηǷһţڻڻ֮£ŭžͳδȵ嫺ӪˣŶʧﱤĲвҲڷٵ
Ҳ˱ǮҪ֪ЩǰصĴﱤ涼ǿԷһŵıڹǸɱ㣬ֻһİһʿָЩӽֺ֧ϱȻٷһĶ⻹ʮװ񣬼໥ӣ̶ȵرǸɲӵ
һûнжʱ䣬⼸ʮԽ˾ͱ嫺ӪﱤƤҪ֪ǹ񵯡ըҩЩļʶⳡ棬˶ʮʬ塣
骻ûվȽŸǱѾӻϹˣǵڳӪ輸ҩ
ڳϸӪ׽֮һͲ骵ĹϵҲܺã˲骶û˵ٽ֣
Ǳﱤ֮ؾչսȻؾֻһţҲǰǹ۵ĵﱤǴڸ¥·ĺ䣬Ҳ岻ȥ
ըҩһһﱤһ鶹йһֱӱըһΣָʿϳ壺ǹȰʰ
ڿʼʧܵĽѵûɱһڱǰӪ˲СǺܿÿһӪͷҪըҩDDʹһҲС
սѧϰģܿӪͷѧôըҩǲòϣĹ¹൱ߵˮƽ͹һ磬ֻĸﱤأ嫺Ӫа
ӽˣ嫺Ӫռ˰ǴĶ㣬׼
Ƕں˵չ⣬Ѷ²УҲ㹻ĻϢȺԮˣ淨һԱˣ
еѹôѿУ
ҺҲǾЩѴһ˽ˣȻ˵ĸ࣬ϸϸһ۲죬ȴʵԽαսİֻһ룬̵ܶװ񣬵Ƿһʱһڻҡ
ҲòϣûϸӪޱȵըҩѷֻһﱤô˵ȥһӡ
ѲڷرΪԼŰװˣУİˣ
Ϊ֮˼У֮ԼҪڣؽڵоر㣬ֻû뵽ʵսдǧ֮࣬۾ܳ򣡻Ҫ򣡡
֪棬ʹԼϵƴˣ˺Ҳֵˣ˵ͳϻжҩ
ϸӪҩǿģû뵽ϸӪȻһ֣Ҳܸɴࣺ˸ӪЯըҩ֮⣬һ˶ʮҩðɣ
û⣡
ʷϣҲ汬ƵˣֻʹõöĺڻҩֻڷսʹñƣڹսҪЩﱤ·ǵʮٽҩɣûϸӪǿըҩ
ֻϲϲ΢΢̾һսѴˣ
һ磬ռĸݵȻǼϲ£ǵоУķ˼٣ԽˣֽսսЩɱȵġ
鷳שľṹĵﱤױƣҩֱӺ䱬ڲЩʽʹûҵģѶ̫öࡣ
Ǽһ㣬˵һ䣺컹嫺Ӫȥ򿪾棡
ͬõһȺķڶȫȨξǰҪס
һͱĸݵ㣬ˣȻڱ֮⣬ķ˲٣ǴҲòϣѾΣյĵط
ģǾȻըҩǲ°ԼĲӺƬ𣿡
֮ϸӪʹöٺϵĸڽкʹըҩбƣַҲù
϶ǺڣͬǲȡڱѹƣȻըҩƺӹռģǷ˲ûзʹըҩĳ̶ȣǺըҩΣԣпһСİһӶըƬ
ʹһЩΪȫĿɽըҩȻҲ͵ĳɷڣûϸӪô裬ҲʹʮĿɽըҩ
ս֮УϸӪȴǰըҩԣͨ͵ըҩŲӹ
ĵһȺӣ
һӦξĺһȺӣԮܸϵĻǷǳΣգ
ߣξʹľСˣһٹըҩҲóҲͬ
¶ʮһյսһʼעǲпģֲпǰһҹѾʼˡ
˫ϵ֯СҹϮͼҶԷĹ裬ҹɫ˫ڱҲ֯ڱء
һȷѣǲһΪìͷǺ嫺Ӫһ֯ʮ˵Сֶӣըҩ͸һ̶¼
ⲢսѪȣȻȻԽڻΪȴ˲ٷˣ˫Ƕ̱ӣӣŷٻӻ
˫սʱ˰ױսȻǴˣǷҲ·ˣСʱս嫺Ӫһﱤ֮ҶӪ
ûüףڱѾˣﱤĶʮ˶ʱ룬ҺԽǰĵֿԽҡ
嫺Ӫ㰡ϰɣ˾̩սӪȥս׽ˣ
ԱҶҲ˵ϾӪͷ㣬ͳ죬Ӫ治󣡡
ȴû˵ǿһӲͷǴģ
һֹﵽ˸߳еΧݵ㣬ڵļĽΪأʮ׵ɽڼ̨ܵ׼ĺ
Ի˿Ƿȴô룬ǵһͶ˴ĲŲμӷһͬμӷĻдԽˣﵽһ֮ࡣ
ӪĺӪû뵽Ȼô󵨷ոձܿںĴ̵Ѿɱˣִ֮ȥ
ӦӪѹסˣǰӪĵڳִӴӲɱ˹ȥǺֱܿѹˡ
ڷҲʹͬİ취ֻʹõʮĴըҩ˺ȻֻͶСըҩȴ˺ôһƬ
ؽʱ򻹵ÿ嫺ӪҲǴˣߺǣ
Ȼ˸һģı򷴻ҲԵһĲðڻͻȥ˫ܿǴ̵죬Ӳǹըҩ̵ͽⲫûһϡ
˫ڱըɷĵﱤչսڸȻڶֹͣѹţǱ߱ξѾ´ڱȫ䣡
ڱξᶼˣξǷ˰
˫ս߿֮һķʿξȰ÷ȳɣ
𣡡ξڽڰ˵ķʿֻôһ
䣡
̨ϵʮɽڿʼ޲ڻһھʹ˽ʮˣⲫе˫ⲢڱˣԼڡ
¶˫һڻ˲أȻתǿѹ˷ڱ嫺ӪһĹƣʿѾķȫĵﱤٴ֡
ǲ骶һֿ޵ĸо̫ˣȥͻȥ֮һнԴڷһ޲ڻ
ϵѾ֮һʣµһҲвС
ӪӪʵбˣѾһʮˣ֮һǲųԮ
ȴǿһǰĺ磺ǺӪųҲҪ֧ԮҪ󲹳ٸСըҩʮըҩȻڵʮ
սѾΪˣʹҲδرǸӦսסǺӪ
ֻһָоǾ²ѾˣֻҪս־ڣʹٴ󣬲±֮һսӪͷ
ǺӪ
Ŀںţ嫺ӪǴˣͻһһߣķǰǶ޷סǵĹƣ̵ĽǸֵһᡣ
ҲԼû嫺ӪʹǷüζģĻಽ嫺Ӫȥˡ
ӪͷֵҲ൱㣬Ǻ嫺ӪȣǼֱһȺףֻܿŲ骵ıݡ
֮ڣ嫺Ӫǽƶݶˮֶڼ̨ϵʮɽҲһ񵯣æתء
ܵѹԽԽ˶űξ˵£Ԥӣ
Ե࣬ǿսϽչһֹ۵ĹƣӦºˣ
ôֹۣ÷˺ࣺܶ淨˲٣Ҿڣɻȫʤ
˵仰ʱ򣬴ʯ绰ˣ˳˵绰ʲôַԮˣ


һ Ͷ
ϣҹϡֲָŽʱʱһХڵˮһˣڰ߷һ졣
˺ѾǿɵľģǸɴͽҹɫǿͣͷϣɺϸӪڶӺһе´´
һʵĵڼװ壬γһӰ߸ʿײ÷ˣ´ӻңڻֻ֮һԱжء
ξվͷϣǰ׷°ǷſģֻҪԮ㹻Ԯźס
һҹգ칫㵽ȥˣڶֻƾԶ˺ŵλŵжϣǵڵС
Ϊ˱Ⱪ¶λã˺ŸɴһıŵĴڶֹͣ´´
˺ڵִﺣʱ򣬾˺ڰۿĲʽڵھϣÿһˣһҴһˡ
һƬǼӿѪÿһʿ󲻳ǶతһڵôĽ֣µǸֳˮ˵ǵĶӵһЩӪ֮Ƚڣȫƾġ
ǻʶ˺Ÿɴͷս뷨ǳŻƻʱ̣ƾźͼǿںڿҲһͳ¹ʡ
ûһƻͨıڶӶĿû̫취ֻƾӡڣϸӪҲֻ֮вȡİ취
ڱһҪУ
ƾһҪеĻʵڿúܣҲѹֺðǱϸӪȻҲϵˣƾŸʾͿ𣺡Ҫ˷ڵһ׬ˣ
֮ϸӪЩȻһɹеļ¼ѼڼװϵĶʮһʬԱDDҲʮڵ
˺Ԯʹɣǵûн׼ˣԱߣߣ
ÿ춼Ասļң¼ʹǸ˵ľٶ޷õΣ֮ڻٶԱٺʿ˺Խ˶С
Щ˶ʧȥս͵ȥεĻûκȱҽҩĻ»ʹ˺Ҳһܻξ֮˻Ѿˡ
һֱܾӰԱ̧ȥԽԱֱӱӵװϣ͸ղսըʬһ𣬷жĲң˵ķʿһ֮ڨDDٿԲֱ⵽ڱĺ
ҵ찡ҵֳط֮УûмôԱߣ˺ŵĽſ˫ֶԱξ˵һǳϢ
ҹЦǵʧܣʲôϢѡ
ôԱֱӶڼװ壬Ǻһֻܳ̾һ֣ҸһϢҳ֮ǰ߳ܶѾһӪʿһڱɽ֧Ԯ㣡
ξˮһӾˣ˵лл㣬ѣ
ЦôԱҾ֪ǵξô׿Խı֣ˣξһǼǲסǵֳҵ֮Уʲôʱش
ξҹգǺХڵ۾˵շսҵĵһս
սԱĶ˺һһǧ֮⣬һͬǣԵұľš
սĽǺѾǰҴðյжҪֻ֪ҪòǹͿѹͺ̲ˣֻҹײŸҴŲ
Ҵҡҡ׹һŲȿʱ᳷ҴڳΣδըڵĵҩδը񵯣׺ʿ
ʮ׵ĵͲ
ţְ
Сָ¸ҵʿϰҵİ취һõĶΪ˷ֹٴʮ幫Ĵըҩ׼ڲʵʩһαƣ˲ְļֵ֮⣬ʣʲô
Ӧ˵ɽĺ˵ϵջǵ֮⣺ƣҷʲôһͼ
һѪľúͼϸӪĶջҲ׼DDǴѪĸϸҪʡ
׼ưɣ
˵⻰ʱǱˣǷʲô
ŵƹ⣬ս֮ǰΩһӦסԼͣʮķڵС
۾ֱòϵƣ˶Ҫ޴ĳһ˵ֹͣʵʩƣǱڵ˻ȥ
ƻҡţĵ׳˾޴Ҹлл㣬ܿʦӦġ
ڴ˿̣˺緽Ƕ˺ʻźš
ԱԮúڵؾΪܣ˵Уֻһһٶʮ˵İӣ඼ķ͸÷ˡ
ǵǽںʹĻ֮ϣȻڷԮû׼ȷ鱨ͻҶ˱۵Ĺƣ٣İ٣ǿҪд鷳ˡ
֮ǰڹ˺һʱȴܵ˼ĳDDоǿ󳬳֮⡣
֮У󷨾ļԽ˶ں֮ڣһ٣սֻȺǿһЩҪǣһһֽ֮սľʶһǱֻҪһնʤͻԽϳȥ
ʵظжϳ˼شĹ󣬷ļԽαеļİս൱ǿܶ˶ֵһ̡
Ƿ˵սȻάҵռС磬òϣ˵սѵѷ֮ϣͬȱϵĶԿռȫϷ硣
ҪѾһﻢµƣһ˰ķһķȫͬˣһбǮĶͽڶ̶̵ļ֮߰ٱ
ͺԤȫͬʱᵽǾ仰˹ƽʢѷշս֮ʣϹ޳Ī֮ʱ֮սս䣬ʵ䣡
ʷϣԷս˵ǸʤǷʵ̫ۺ񣬺ٸٲǹǧսʢ֮ʱҲǧսл±û䱸
ʱ򣬺ϸӪļ룬ʵۺ˺ܶ࣬Ǻͷϴ۹ȣǻǴھԵơ
꾭ӪڵһͶĲӲǧ˵Ĺģڶ̶̼֮ڣѾͶһǧԮ
άҵǲӵı𣬺ؾشڷ˵ֻʹDDвһ۵Ĺƣ˻ԽͶı
ҲظеѹָӹȴԵʮֹۣ˵ԮҲգԮİҲգǰӪǣ
һȣʱҲ˵ڲǵʿ
ƾ¿һˣȻֿһǾջԼ˵Ļƴ󣬸ӪǵǿʵɣΪϸһڱԱϣɲο
ڲ֮ǰںΪǲҪļӪͷִţòЭļӪļӪڼƣòı⡣
ǿڱԱ㣬ǵļɣ
ãƾ仰ƺԼġ
еĲ棬ֻĲΪʵһһʮϣʹ嫺ӪÿƽҲһٶʮϡ
ӪͷͲͬˣӪӪͺӪƽ˷ĸڣټױÿֻϸӪһǿıʹʵԳʵһЩǰӪÿҲǰʮ¡
ЩӪͷԽļϸżȻѾʵˣ벹䵽ϣҲƾµ̡
˻һʾǰӪ˳ԿԽӪȥĻҾһϸôǿĶ顣
ƺûģﶼƴ˴ƣƣ
ǱҲ޵ţѣ
ﶼѩţ޷º󻹵ϡ
ԭܼ򵥣Ҫг䲿ӣҪãȻǾװеʣǾеϣڼӪͷеĲӶ޷ɺŻװȻսнɻ٣Ƿʽǹȱ󣬻ʵǿͷ˵ӶٱҶ÷ӡ
ֻ˵һ䣺죬ҰѻӪϸӪȥҾͲˣòڳǣ
˶ˣ׼ѪˣȻѪˣôܲѪˣǰӪȫѹȥ
ڶսؼңȻؾΪµԮʿǺҲǴˣعһһݡ
˫˵ƴ˵ıһһ֣ǰʵķҲμսʱӶͶ˽ȥ
ֵϵɢɫƷķʬ壬ܿ췢սȻʧܴ󣬵һȴҲܲʵ
һ磬ǾͽɻϰٸˣһʽĲǹҲһ߰ʽֲǹϵһȵĺǹҸеŲӴϣ
սԽңȺӵطˣһݵΣ˺Ľɻٵöˣֻɻʮ˲ǹѻӪһβսشջ
ǴһӣȻɻ˸ոմӶһǧǹʮĲǹԭ׼еȴѻӪ֮֡
Ϣ˳ȥ֮еˣǹԽԽ͡
Ȼ˵ϸӪɻĲǹǷʹõһ߰ʽǹʹõһ경ǹֲǹÿӪͷв٣ӵȱһǧӵԴϺܾˡ
һ߰ʽʽǹɻӵô٣˵춷˺Ż˶һ߰Ĳǹ֮󣬺ֱǷˡ
ΪԮʿܿ챻ˣǷֱֺˣһЩǰŻڼѷԺ䣬ȼֲסѾںڼ˼켸ҹˣڱѾǸ漣ˡ
ǰڵһʮҡŰ˳ǲŵĺӪͶתѻӪȥҪˣҪˣͶͶ
Ϊ׵ԽϾʿ˵ٴȥҲûϣˣѾͶˣ
ҶϲؿһγɽƵؽնԷͶѯʵҹ˶Ԯ
˵٣˵ʵֻ٣ϰʱʮˣΪ׵ǸʿѾ˲淨˱ˣǴ̫ˣԭһˣھʣôˣ
Ҷȴ뵽һ⣺㣬ܲܰҲܴ
ǸʿǸϱӣҶһЦˣҿû·ˡ
Ҷȴĺ壺а취


һ 
ҶֵһԽϾʿһۣ˼ɱ˻
ʿˣЦ˵Ǹﱤﲻ˶۵ϵ֣ˣֻǡ
˵ĻζҶȻ˼ܰѺ㵱٣Ϳˡ
ԽϾʿ⻰ϲüңлʶС˽ͶˣֻЩӿ̫ˡ
һԽôĹѫ;׼Եֻм˶Żγξʿʮһ꣬ȴֻܳΪһͨʿ٣һȴһ·
ߣһ鵽ȥҶϽ飬ǿɲ
˲þʧǹֵ֮Уսڼ֮Уʮ֮ѻӪһʽͻȻ˰ˣеˣˣ
̵ԽʿͷĿ֮һȴʮرҪݵ㽻˺ҶˣС˱ֲɣ
һ첢ܶҡ˵־Ƕʿȴ൱DDѾһٽˡ
ǲǸĳˣ֮ǰ׿ԽȫΪԷ˵ģ￴úŷûκǰ;ԡ
ξ˵һһǧԮԮôˣже˵ô죬Խ࣬ʹԮˣЩԽҲˣ
ú͸ǣˣǱǺˣ
ҶֺܲϲǻرһӾͰԼݶλϣûֳϸŵʿʲôĿҵʾųˡ
绰Ѿܵ磬ڵ绰ˬشӦˣǱһĿҪǼսԺǹҲʱǱܴ󲿷֣Ǳһòǹ
˭Ҳ֪Щ᲻ͻȻѣѵʮꣿܲܲǰǵһλֵñãǰĲӶһǹܸ㱣һ֣ǵ÷ĵϡ
Ҳ˵һ죬ǲʤңлʶлʶ
۾Űɫñ˵һ䣺ҶԷģ˶пܻصȥĵһˣܻȥġ
Ҳһ㣬ֻͶѾںĹ֮б˱ʬ壺ԺҾרˡ
ɫƷͷɫñӾʿ֮еԽźܴӰ죬һͶȻһǰǰܳٶԽˣеǰеǶһЩ̽
˭Ҳôȥ˲һ군Щڻһ군Яһٶ˲ǹͼǧӵֻܿ췢ǰЩԽ˲ȫĲ£Ӫͷķ²ͽɻۺúܣԼ˽
ָ֮µֻʮˣ䷢ʮõĲǹֻǲʤϲΪָӵĲ±ʮ˵ҪΪһѫ
˵ΪһǰͶ쵼ߣûκλͷĿܣǾŹġֻкʤܷɻڴһ߿żȣһϲˣѾǱˣһ඼
ﱾ˾ǰӳԺΪѹԽйӵһСʿڰ棬Ȼϵ
ۼźʧأԽҲΪԼѰһ·˵ˣԺҪǹиı࣬ԼίΣ
ɣֻҪɱ٣ǲǺû⣡
¼úܾһμӣԼ߿Լټʮ˵һһĲӹԺôиı࣬Ժͷʹ⡣
ļ򣺡úøɣ
սתһʽϸڲȡһַʽǲֱӹɷصĺľݵ㣬Ƭһ뵽ľݵΧСݵ㣬ƽԽ׳ԼȻķʱϳǶں˵Ϊ㡣
رǰֳʿڷ˸𺦣ųɰͶȥʧȥЩӵЭͬڷܿͱ¶㣬ļιɹ򵽷Ҫϣ˾޴ʧ
ξþһзǹкüֳʿԽԽ֪עڻҵˣһЩʱ䣬ȥֳزӵķʿһϵɱȻжͶӡ
ɱԽԽһ׻ڱߣֻѾԻڽƻ
ҺԽԽʺнսرǵľѻֱּǶɱ̶̵֣ļѾ˼ʮٺʿٵǳ֮⣬ξʲô
¶ʮա
ξԼõһ׳ϣеʿ񣺡˾ٸ£
ֻ˶ûƽʱģսԽԽңԱԽԽ٣ڲҲһ²ٿǹͶ⡣
˾ȥԱΪϣʿûˣֻǴؽеˣһǹ
ҵǹң
װĸ֣ɻصսȥ
Ҳŵĵط¶ϻŸֻҪһȻڵʮԱȥá
ҩζ˾ɵΣǱξǴõĺ㣬ļ£Ů۾ҵѫͦĺ㣬ξ;վ
άҵУģѾ˼׼⽫Ǻڱսһա
һͿʼ͹ˣ˫խĵչһɱҲòǵĵˡ
ʹŴδܹЩһһ¼þǵսⳡһĲǼڿڶ׼˺ţô̵ž˵ϡ
ЩΪɣЩԽȻܺͶһ֣ǻв̷硣
һȻʵǸû¾ģ
ûУˣĶͷǺ飺Ѿ¹ȥˣϾܽˡ
һԶǸݣļľݵ֮һһİΪɣһЩвܹһʮ˹֮С
ݵؾһʼ磬У֮ŷǸ˵̬ȡ
Ǽᶨرɽۻ̬ȣǵıǮҲȽۺ񣬺ӪһΣʮû
Ҫ򣡡ԱҶֻһ仰ʹԼͶˣ
ڽ˵Ҳ൱˽⣬֪ݵؾڷĻ룬ΪһܳɹΧ˵ڻûͶ
˵ˣһٲͶĻҲΪĺãǳ䣬ֻҪʹǣǲŻͶ
ԼǱ״ʹŻͶأ˭ǸСͷĿְ֮ȥͶȺˣ
Ҫ򣡡Ѿö⣺ݣʱ򣡡
Ҳȫ͹ָտɴսѾ˴̵ĵز֪Ѿ룬ǰݵؾʹͶҲ޷ضˡ
ֻʤյʱͻ绰ٴˣ棬оðҾڻ𳯺ʻǻڱһţս
棬о˴Ԯ
Щʧط˵绰̾һҪ׼սˣ࣡
ԮǱξϣ߳ܶһӪһɽɽڣǴصľйֽӣǴһ׽ָϵȻںںӽͧڣ÷ٽеıǮѹˣͧɳˡ
ڶڰ޷ѹǿںӽӣƹˣ̲ϵĺڶչԺ䣬Ҳ̫ͣãǵһʱԼԮ˵硣
ǰ죬ǵжжȻڵܼڰѲȫϰ֮ǰͱ˰ӵķԮξҸһҪڵϡ
Ժٴװ
ں˵ǻϢеĻϢڳ׽ؾͷȴǿһЦ
̹ҹܴ󣬹ٱҲǳƣͣӵԮһݣһȵ䶼˵Ҫˣ
Ҳ˵Ҫˣ
˵˵֧ӵڻӣģʹܰȫǻаճȥȥһҲˣ
ɻͷ²ɶһЦֻʱＱܻܽ˵ǰ·èܳˣ


һһʮ ٹ
·èϲ£һͶϸӪº󻹻Сųְλһ˼һ֧ɽƵĲӣΪԼıǮ
һ֧һ֧ˣϻ㼯Ĳвܹһʮˣ·èԼһ˸飬ðǹֵڻˣۼˣȴûԮһξͷˡ
Ϊݵָӹ٣Ѿվһǽĺ棬ߴǣɣүˣƣ·èĺĵСҪñӦˣ
ǣү˵ˣˣ̣ʲôλʲôλãģ
·èȴʮرǽڸģô³
·è󱻰úܽﱻӣƴȴ˵еɱ
Ѵ̵ʹ·èͱ˽ȥʮѪһأЩʮеǹ
磡·èԭһ£ʮӵ֮Ͷˣ⻹û꣬һȺϵ·èĲӣʹӱݰ·èȻһ£ûˡ
·è͹µԽǣǷ˵ʵѣҪϵˣˣү˵ˣǰʲôλãڻʲôλãһжվɣǻ淨˸£ţ
վڱݸߴǽϣţѾһǧԮڶжʮսʮңǿûмӣɡ
ͬЩ壬ʹܻҲҪɢȥϻһȻոͶķ²Ϊ֮⶯ˣǸŷҴƺҲǷ߸һЩ
ĸ߼²ԥһ£ҪҪع飬ܿף·èĲ¶ûкӹͷŻôܻȥǰֻһ·ߣɱһèúò
սһ̱üúסߣƽףǺս־Ѿûжˡ
Ҳÿ˵ľˣܶ࣬˵ļԮҲϰˣȥȱĹǺǷˡ
ֻϧԼûȡһȫʤⳡ֮йȡʤǷˡ
ҲˣҲǻһһΣ򱣳Լķߡ
Ǳ߱ϣŵξҫԼݣлξлʷϵһξ
ҫԼξΣǺᣬŲСջ󣺡ֻҪúøɣѻ㹻Ķһɰɣ
˵ƣ㹻ѾԮ
ڳǽѾ˲ٷʿոµɫƷͺ㣬ȻǴӽֺ֧Ԯָ˵һԵסӪĽϷѣʹǧҲԻȫʤźǿûǰ;ģɣ
ĺȡ˷Чɡޡһڿˮ˵ףȥȡС
رľݵ㣬ֻĺӪԵعһΣʮ˾ˣڴʱͣЭ飬ԺҲԺ޹˼ɵسչ°༶żݵҿСڷˡ
ޣˣţ
ڰս˵ͬȹģĶԿ£ڰռƣ˺ܳԵСֻսڣǹԽԽԽԽʰǾжһס
ӪĲԭ׼ȥģ׷ƾٳսӪٹһΣŵļһʰˣ
ϸӪǺһ㶼ֻһЩ⻰֮Щҡ
ϸϸ˼֮󣬾սѾȥˣʵ̫ˣֱֽ֮Ӳμ˺ڹսն񼫴
ֽٰʮˣںڣϸźͺϵڻûһϸͳ֣ǿ϶ֽսϸΪ̫ãѴʮϡ
嫺ӪԸһУǲսû⣡
ϸŴ󲿷ֵ˵嫺Ӫϣֻǲսȭͷλˣ嫺ӪսǰҪӪôݲձ
ֻ˾֧ڻɣܴ󣬵µ߰Ԯʹ޷սԮ鷳ˡ
򣡡ʱһǸŵļһʲô

ʹĹͷɴ˵ʰǾ볷ܰģ
˶˼ƾ޳ɣշԽ֮ģôսʤˣ
ǿЦԮսҺ쾫
ǰһ嫺Ӫֻһ뷨ǾǺӪԸȷ档
ҡͷǺѻӪԪоԮҪ
ϸʹһӪʹûȨʣһ԰˾̩ˣ˾׺Ӣ۱ɫ֪ʲôһؿˡ
˫ֽ˾̩˾̩Ǽ֣ҴϸӪϸӪ
öԣϸӪϸӪϵͳҲսһӪͷ˾̩ΪԼӪͷǿһӪǷӢʲôĲӣԼһӪһӪ
ϸӪԼӦĽɫؽʱһϸӪʤ
ϸӪκڹս֮УһֱŲ๥񣬵սܴȴӪִж⣬ֻһ䣺ǰм̵ĵоݣенս̵һзԼһšЩоʱõµо֧Ԯ㻹ģ
˾̩ʱ򽾰˵һ䣺ȫ׼֮
ı̬Ҳͣ˵жǲȡ˽һսжǲӿʼһȫ֮ڵϸӪʼƶ
ս֮ǣƵǲ骵嫺ӪѻӪڶεͻӣս󵣵
￴ϸӪ¶ݣɱڵصȲӣ˾ûбĻ˵еȻȫǿ㡭ţ
Կһ£ǿʮһţڵ߷
״ӳϽɻʮķڵһڣϸ˵Ǵ˴սջ֮һڹ֮УϸŻûаʮֱͶսļ¼ֻڶԽսͶһţ߷ڵ׼޶ȡ
ţʱܹ黹ƣһǳ䵱Ԥӣ㲻õĺ󷽣̵ǰ
ϸӪЯеĴ󲿷ֵҩϸӪϸӪǲĻɲӣе˶ɵ÷ǳƯһСʱͽӷϡ
ӷϣ骵嫺ӪǴеϸӪĵǣͿˣ
ϸӪ˾̩һİΪûԼ첻飬ʹǰǴɵؾ
ֻһ֧нʤкͻ̽ɵĴ飬ͷںǧƴذѺڳǰա
ָжж֮һ˵ķӲˮͣ͵İ취ںȥʹְɡ
һϲ̵ؼ棺ֳɵıɣǻ̺ڽ꾭ˡ
ɯŮգգ۾˵ֳɱˣȥͳ졣
ЦˣҪˣںأŷսĿ¼һʣѾڣΪ˱ĹҵǺпһò
ɯŮһǹźڵ˵һҪͳ졣
ںڳڵѾһ֧֧رı˶ţ׼Ĺơ
Ϊ֧ԮжڶҲͳһָ֮£ʿѾǹװҩӵʱ׼ʼڱѾñߣʱ׼ʼ
ֻҪһ£εϸӪҪðżҵڻμһĹƣ˵ûУ
·èʬ壬һִ··èţˣҪʰԸ·èʰ
ţ˵绰ڵ绰һ˾̩Ѿȴ˺ܾãͳ죬ϸӪȴ
ţҪ˵ʲôӪԶоԵģǰǶפأҪԥһ£ڷԽϲӣҪֻĲ£ʼɣ
󽻴һ䣺ÿ²ˣ


һһʮһ ʤ
ÿ²˾̩ĸɲظһ飺ǰһһţ¼ֵ̣̣õо֧֮ԮסϸӪ
һŭȣʼһڻԭƽս˲ȣʮŻڣȽȻڣڣеڵűкȥѻֺ͸һ뿪ѹƱϵÿһǹۡ
ڿ۶һ˲䣬ӱѾˣЯʮ幫ĴըЯĹСըҩڵͬʱԾ˳ȥ
İڻ֮УڱݵĶڸǵʿǳȻڵĿ꣬ĸӵƬ˺ǵ壬иʿڲǹ֮ͨһ͵ȥ
ȫû뵽ҪȴĺԼһҺûԼͼֻһ๥еĻк
ܼ°·èӾҵػζţʧĲǹٴ壬һʵĵʬҵײڱϣһȻڵǽͷըеƬϡ
ǵǽ޷ʿİȫڵﱤĶûжǣȻڵȺŰţ·𿴵Լδգؽе򷨹үԮһŵķˣǲģ
Ҳʼڻ֧ԮսǼ仰ͬʱһҵ˲ˤڵϣϸһԼѾըӣÿӶһ׶ӱݵϷһֱ˺鵽ײ
·èʬҲΪһըڸڷ֮Уڱը֮ʯγ˸һб£Ժɵ¶ȳһѵظоס
ղǺСʹʮ幫﹫ĴըҩĹСըҩƵĽѱ˺ӣڲֱӱ¶ڹһǰ
ϸӪ
ҪκζԣϸӪȷѾչ˳ӵչΣ˵ݣ˾̩Ƶüӵʵʩͬ˷ӱһһ
ξһʱͿҲפصı˻֮У׼һʱ𷴻ڱ׼һоռ챤ݣʵʩڻ
ΪһξԭӦеôشΣѡем֮У˵Ψһμս۵ߣԱˡ
ոµľװվһȺʬ֮УûָȨΪκһٶ֪ܸɵñһЩ
˴ִڻһλУУǶԸӱξ½ָȨصʬ˱֪жˡ
ʵʩڻξʹ˾
ڱ˼仰˵ǳźûվȽŸʱʵʩ޲ڻɱ˽еĵоǸ׼ķȫһĻDDɵú㣬Ҳɼͻ
ӵĳ̶ȣһŵķʿλУԴЩܲ⣺һŵʿ
У⻹ҪһЩǵĵ˺ǿǲܷκεĴ󣬾ԲĴξû˵׼սߣս
ΪһշսϱᶨʹǼ첻߲ݵսҲıĶ־վʬ֮Уעս
ڱʼתƹƣǵڻչѹκθԮķӣṩ֧Ԯκ壬ǶĴڱչս
սԵģȴǱģڱ˶Աݵ֧Ԯ֮ϵȴԼδƺˡ
ͬһĵоӿˣǴŲɫľװµħһսһʼԼⷽ˽һˣѾ˱ڲݵչᡣ
ϸӪûаѱݵĶΪҪĿ꣬Ƿƿбչ˳κθڵסǹƵĲӶô̵񵯽ˡ
Լ´ȵҲһըк칦֪֮ȥԼ϶Ҫ군ˡ
ϳȥˣȥǹŲ£ǰͣ
ôҲԼҲвһϣô˵սʼʱıжˣʮˣ󲿷ֱԱǾþսİDDǿĲӡ
ҷ˼ʷϵĽѵǲûֱӲսǰѱں󷽣ʮڻûгκҲˡ
ֻǳ϶һ˿ɲʲôǴ󲿷װ˹ṉֶ̀ӵĳϣ˫ֻһεĻᣬǵ˹ǹռ˾ԵĻơ
ȥİˣϸӪҲʲô壬Ǽ˾ɱĿͼɱ
ڶİռƣȴڻ֮Եʿ׷ȥƺͳǵı
ѣ֧ԮѾеϣڷѵϣûԮǾûϣˣ֧Ԯ֧Ԯ
һ߽еǱ߷ڳ˷ڶ׼𷴻ˡ
ʮǴӽֺ֧Ԯʿʢ˶ϸӪսûκεֱӡֻ֪һ㣺׵ȡʤ
ݶ˫ʿԵʮܼĿõĿ꣬ųˣ̵
򵥵ĹʽǴʱʼǾ͵Ĵ̵ͼĴ̵һһεҰˡ
ѾǰҰˣЩҰ˲ûʲô֮ȻװһЩŲǹѷװõĲǹDDţϳһ߰Ĳǹ֮⣬Ҳĺòǹ
ǵʿͬģԷıѷ൱ѷӵʮ֧Ԯսʤ˶Ҫϵɱˡ
˫úܽǶŶԷſ𣬷ŶĲӻǹս֮ϾֻװһЩʽĲǹ
磡
˫Ĳǵһʱײһ𣬷˺ܿΪԼĴ⸶˲صĴۣСںӵǹĶԷչǹսǵѡ
˹ǹֳϣͬгǹһԷ·ʹðԶǹֿһʮںǹ֮Ѿ˽ˣǻǾмġ
̵սЩĲµľһ㣬ǿǹֵмȥֻҪһⲫսͻ˲սʹǸ˵ʿҲҪμӵٹⲫ֮С
̵
ϸӪ
˫ʿٴչײ˫û뵽Է˼ǿ˾չ׽ɱ
òϣʿȷʵõĲ֮һǼᶨʹҲ¼˫ͷһӵⲫ֮е˲ˣ˫ڼս
һŷսӵóһǵĴ⣬ϸӪİΧ֮С
ξѾһһķչ˶Σűݳȥڿ˷ļƣսķڱҲʵʩڻ
λУһӵؾıݾô׵Σ֮Уᵽ˱ξ飺ξ£飡Ϊʲô𣿡
ڱһһµӰɫƷһһξĸоٹսǵڱ֮°ɣ
ʮӾȫսİ͸ɴ಻һξһڻ
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ĳӾǺգʵʩģϸӪװ㹻Ĵʯ绰ȻͰ˶Ȼڿڹ۲Աʵʱָ֮УֻҵǶƷʿ
һȻڵѷĶ˺һӣԭݶڱ÷顣
ĵƬڽֵŰţɱκʿڻԡ֮ȻּᶨĲǰԾ
壬ڻһŰѾ÷ĶΣξڴΣΣ
ֻڵõȷ֮󣬲дʿ˫ѰſԶڵĵص㣬ڵ˺ܴ
ڷڱʧȥеȨֻȫѹϸӪڱһ飬ȻǸ۲첻λϣüĵŷĲ
ڱݶսҲʤѾңݳǵǹ֮⣬üžڱݵĶһ˫Ҷϸ졣
ǱϸӪκʱֵĲӡ
һӵؾлһŵķļأȴں͹֮£ֻ˰СʱУòϱξľǵġ
ǿһʬѳɵĽֵǴη˵ȫʧˣһһһʮ˵ӣҵڻ֮±ˣܼսԱֻʣʮˡ
˵̶̵ļڻʧȥ˳һԱȻȻڵޣֻǸˣֻҪõ㹻֧Ԯвʵ㹻ˡ
Ҫ֪Ԯڵķϰ˶ѣֻҪսĴˡ
ξһ仰Ϊ֮ģֻǼ˵ʱǸɵúܶ࣬˺ܶ࣬㣬ǷӺ㡣
Уѯһ⣺ס
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ҲΪĻһս֮ǰһҪ
ΨһˣΪҪСϸӪôƻϸӪ·èܵǽȥ
Խ϶ŮҶһڼ⣬ⲢǺ޴۵ģͬԼĵߣ
һߵˣݺݵʮϸӪڱݶ·èʮѹȥѪӿ˹˹ʩһӵȻǰĲӵӣȥ
ֻϸӪĲ׼һСըҩȥûþͱը÷ǣֱһӡ
ڴҵߵˣҲֻѪѪ
Щڣ㷨˶һ˲õĵˡ
ǿģкɫѻҲƬҶӣһǿеĶƬҶǼסš
Ǿǿֲĵˡ
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һһʮ 
ǿʼѣϷںͷ
ڱĵоǻŻһڵģ˱ݵǽϣ߻ãммķ²ȴǽСʱŶ
ڹڲļٵо˵ֱһֿ̣ǱξϸûҵһӵҲǼסһɡ
ᣬȴڵѪ
ڱݵĸǽ֮ϣͬĺѣȴֻܿȥԼȴΪ
һǳε飬һ̲˺Ŀ£Щڸǽϵʬ壬ǸƵıݶǨDD˷ǳǿ󣬶ҿ¡
һЩԭź˵Ļᣬں֧Ԯչһ׷ھôһͷDDǼֱӴ򹷡
ʬһֱһֱڶ磬ӺԮʬǻǲҳķΧ
Էǿ԰Сʱ֮ڽһʮһŷӵǿ֣ǿĶ֣ôӶӦõġ
ĳ˲ûܵκεķǧΪڹڼЭǾסķӱٻ٣Ըźߣǵ˶ԸΪһʿ
еĵжݱ֮󣬶ʱжԵͼ̴ׯҲʱɳЭĿ
ϸӪͺͿ˵ҹͣеÿһҪսʶøɸɾ˵һ֮ûˮҲ޷ȥ
ڵķֻȷ˺ʱȴ֮󣬲ſʼǵжû㹻ͶʣǱʹ޸£Ǳ⡣
ξűɷĳУⳡսĺۼ»漸ʮ꣬תŴӺУһ񣺡У£ҰѺڵľָȨˣ
һʹУǸһ˿Цл׿Խס
֪ԼҪеôļΣһ̯ӡ
ԭеķפ൱һֵԮս״ˣЩӶؽرǷӵؽҪֱӴӱñԱ䡣
ӵʧǲʧ˱ԱװϸӪһʿˣҪǱزٵġ
ЩһֱŷһֻҪǧӣͿ˿ڵĸĵʵס
άҵǲӺͷڣںͶķǧںĹǰʲôҲɲˣֻܱ
ǵĶֺǷǳǿĵˣҪԸĵˣһҪӱɳǧμս֮⣬Ҫļӣǧˡ
ǧʿϺںӽܴͧܺУҡҡͷ
һ㣬ڷ᰸Կ籩
սаĺȹǵĲӣάҵУٺʿսֳҵҪ֧Ԯ
ͨƣڵսʵʱڣԱǻǵõ¾ɵϢ
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ǶִԱ˵õĽڣվţǵʿҪԮҪӾѣ
άҵֻһڶѣάҵôĹҪܻսĽڡ
Ψһάҵ̫ˣӦȵԮִﶫԺٶ֣ڴڱDDִȵԮԺάҵſԷض֡
ǴڱѣȺ鼤ߣԱǸߺţΪ˷Ҫأ
֪ԼԽϹѾҪһһԱı뷨ߵԱţǱԮڰֳصľӣǸǮŻľ棬Խϱεرơ
ͨˣǷԱƺͶߵú֧ܽڰϵս
ɷֳսŶԵ־º෴Ƿڶ͹ΣԱͬսڷ˵òϢ
۾ԼţҪɱԽȥǻҪľѣΪ˷
ʮѾͨһԽɱľ飬ǸζĹϵִӶǧ˼ٵһǧ߰ˣؼǵãҪǧǧʿ
ֹɵĿǷҲڶѾ൱ķˣҽֳֺ֧ؿԾͽ򶫾Ԯ
ϣ򶫾ӼӪıʹɳӣҲɰǲӺ⼮ȥ
еķ֮У⼮Ĵڣ⼮ʧܵīż侪˵ı֣Ϊеҹ顣
κһֳ֧ӣάҵΪǿİԶԶѷɫڰ֧ӵļǿ¸һЩӣֳսУܷӷǳá
Ա˻ӦҪ󣺡ǿ
ΪǧӼǧӾˡ
ֹ۲ͬ˿ֲ֮С
߳ܶû뵽й˼ǿսԭΪֻҪһţȸĴžͻԶˡ
ǿξ÷ٽ˵ս棬һִĸо
սһЩ˵֣Щ棬ӵдԼʮʿ䲽ǹϰŷĻڣϰͦǹһܶ۵ױ
Խõ鱨ԽȡõĺʿǧˣܱҲᳬǧˣֻװһЩ䲽ǹᳬһǧˣڽڣһҲûС
ܶǶĵо˵飬ûпһǺȻģǾǶĲ⵽һش
÷ٽˣûбʹܶԷ籨ʣȻƣʿսฺˣͳ֮УʧҲܴ󡣡
פȻ֣Ҳ޷ͳƣںڵķ֪Ա֣ںӽͧԱķͬ㲻ؾ֡
߳ܶܺ㣬㵽ĵزΪĲҪõһǧӺһǧӵԮǿǷڻ϶еһ
֮߳ܶǰѾ൱ĲӣٳһǧӺһǧӺпܻӰ쵽ֳصİȫȻԴӵطټԱӣǷӵļȴֻӱ䡣
÷ٽı棬϶ʣһеĲӶһգٳȥ÷ֻ׽Ѳֹͣˮʱɲλμս
һǧӺһǧӵԮƺ޷㶫פθڣҪӷԮһǧ߰ԮֱͣԮȥԭƻһֱתֺ
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λѾפṩ˴ĴѾ۲ɹ׼ؽӡ
߳ܶ޷һУֻƾŶ
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ŷŷʧܡӵʮ򳣱ÿľѴﵽ˽ڷɨDDƭ˶ɵʧ
һͶսǱؽκζҶ޷ԿģɵԶͶ򷨹ӣֳͬزӺ⼮ţټֱӴֳļʿ
սѣӼǧɵڷɶǴпܵģǿľӺӴľѣκһҶ޷ģǣֳҪΪⳡս٣
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߳ܶҴææдԼȫ޳Ϊսʤȡһдʩҡ
ԥһ£ҽֳصľʱһɣҲṩܼЭ
д֮ؽе
űƿˣһ¶ͷܶ£ҴڵȷеսԼʤⳡսİ취


һһʮ ƺ
ô˵ںڵֳ˿׸Ľ˵֮߳ܶ׶֮㡣
ԭԤ֮УȻάҵΤҽУսۣΪֹս÷ٽġս˵ָһս
ǲսµĿ׸ȴ˵˵ʮյİսάҵǲӾϵķٱսΪֹսָֽˣ˵Ҳս
һԲˣ뿪ʱмԱȴֻмҽͻʿչǣÿСʱȥ
ܶ͸ˣһ͸Ϣû뵽Ȼ˶ӡ
Ϊʲô÷ٽ֪һǧ߰ӱԮϾҪִʱ򣬻ҪԼӽֺ֧ǵһǧӺȥԮ
Լ;ļֱ˵ȥװ
޷󣬺÷⵽ش
鱻׸׽ˣǿղ˵ʵǰָӹٴı
߳ܶһ۴⣺ţʮ䲽ǹӦֻǧˡ
׸ԥһ£űһ֣߳ܶļһЩ±սʼʱǧˣ鱨
ǿ׸Ĳ룬ڶں˽Ⲣ߳ܶ϶٣Ҫе򶫾ɲӡ
Ѿɵʧľ֮󣬿׸ͶȴִзĻDDϸӪдĵѺƷ
˵ֻҪⳡսʤо޶ĻرҪ֪㣬ϸӪѺеĿֵߴǧɡ
׸һתʲһ߸ϵȥάҵȴһʹʧܣ뿪ڵʱͬǺܿҵ˹ͬԡ
Ǿǰս󻯣ڵʧйͬĿҪͶʡ
ڱ֮ǰֳصķҪжά档ڶԶпĸʧ׸⣬ȻѾʧɣôʧǧҲһֶѡ
׸ںĴ÷ٽɵţٽ£ʾļҲǮȥ۹𡣡
ʵ϶нʣɵֽΪ˵õһ֧Ԯ߳ܶԮ
֪ڵķһ뷭һѰ鸻ĵֳͷȫ£ܹڿıںڵս֮У⵽ʧҪһЩļһЩ±ҹǻǧˡ
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߳ܶ޷ǷʧܣǼȻֻǧ˺Ͳһǧ䲽ǹΪʲôǻ⵽شʧܣ
׸ΪںڵͶеĲӣάҵУͱξĲӶֻ߰˰ˣھƵĵоǰǴơ
ǼеıֻܷͶ벿ӣսκһϣǵıһǧˣǵо֮һʮ֮һ
Ϊ˲߳ܶǵ䲽ǹҵ鱨֪ҪԶһЩԼһǧ߰ټΪһоҶԶеķǷ㹻
󻹲һ䣺ΪάҵУʧܣһ־ǵںǿϴԼǧ䲽ǹûκŷʽĻڡ
׸жſھ߳ܶսԼģܿ͹ˡ
ȥԼǧʿԼǧ䲽ǹһЩʽڣʵڶפĹģԻǣҲ޷ȡȫʤ
Լ֧ԮȫģڣԼû㹻ıȥԮǣִɳһǧӺһǧӣӰ쵽ֳصΰ
ſ׸˵˵ˣҲܵ˺ܴʧҶԴ˱ʾξԶвȡĻжʾͬҲͬڶؽǵӡ
һ䣺ʧһִӽֺ֧ǵ⣬󲿷ҪıԴ
սб˺üӣĳҪӽֳֺ֧س۲ӵıԱȥЩӣ߳ܶھôһȵıԽԱȥ䲿ӡ
ȻĻӽֺ֧ǵȥһǧɽƵĲӣҪ󲹳ӵʧôֳֺ֧صĸӻᱻһա
׸Դ˲ûзֻ߳ܶ񸸣ǵѣһʵķˣһ
ЦˣΪڶؽе㹻ˣǱҪǿĲӡ
öıԱ䰲ӣΪӰ쵽սҿһ֧ǿķǷ˲ӣҳɱС
𣿡߳ܶԴ˺ܸȤʲôӣ
ٴ֧ӣܹ֧һֱڷԼʹǷʮ֮УǵսͺͬҪǡ
Ҳйˣ
֪ĵһװϷ߳ܶΪսϵʧܣͬȤǵսͺࣿôӦװˣ
ʷϣؽĻһӪʮˣںڵĲܣҪ͸ߵöˣһǧˣʮӣһš
ֲһ䣺Դ۹һٲǹֻҪԪҲֻҪƤ˹ء
߳ܶжϣͬ⡣

Ӻڳ˵ĺѾصǵĳػ¸ʱսʮƣͣÿһʿ˷ܡ
ڻص¸ֻ֮һԱ󲿷ԱУԱִͻɽȥ
ɽΨһҰսҽԺѾԶԶǳһԱҰսҽԺͰ⣬󲿷Աȥɽݡ
ԱһеĻдıԱʣƺƵеĶӦһ֧˵Ķȴźȥ
֧ʤĶͻ̵Ķ飬ͬض顣
ֻǶ˲û뵽֧֮жһҪĿꡣ
ɯŮѹǽϣŮѾƿѾȫ¶ڿ֮Уÿһһ
ʪˣĶԽԽңץסһԺ飬һδֱֻ̢ܿˡ
֮ɯŮӶˣļͷ˵÷治ˡ
ȴԾǳʤ׷ڰСʱ֮Ůڱҵĺ
ˣȴҪӭɯŮһԽ֣ڼͷԼӡǣǻˣôöû˼ңҶΪûˣ
ˣѻɯ´ţ˳Ҳһ顣
ҿˣò˯ˣֱ۸ˣɯŮһ߱Թһʵҵĺ÷ڵĵλҪʲô
ҡҡͷҲ˴ϣ컨˵װջСɡ
ɯŮջܲ㹻ǽԺˣ߰Ѳǹ
㵹֪㳣֣Ҳ˵ǴȻջ㻹󣬿ɶ˰Ű취Ҫ
ȻڣҲҪɯŮʵȷʵǿ
κ֮սǰеĵƶˣʮ׵ȻڣҩͿζװҩ񵯣˵Сըҩú˿ˮ
װ棬ʮ׵Ȼǹǿװƶ㣬㣬ҵԴбĵоڲ˸ӪͷҪõߡ
ȻҲѾʼֻǽϣսʱܹ˲ʮߣĶʮߣϸŵÿһӪװϰ˶ȻڣÿһЯȻڡ
ڸӪͷԹ棬ǵپһپϵװũȶôȻڡ
񵯺ըҩûҪ񵯵ҪһǧСըҩҪٸȻϸӪװȴȫ
ҺһսȷʵеıǮĵҩ˽һ꣬ЦЩŲǹҪ֦߰ӵҪʮ򷢡
Ҳ֪׹󰡣Ц˵ưӪͷԸϸģѰ
ֻǽȥˣ˵ˡ
ΪɯŮѾָ˲СĵסСʼĵط
ûзˡ


һһʮ 
ɢ
§ס˻еɯŮظо´ĸо
ɯŮЦúû뵽ȻˣһΪҪɽ㡣
Ȼɽ಻ԶȴҲֻܸһ²˫˫һΣá
۾оŵ㣬һŽӹɯŮĻͷȥɽʮѷǹӵҸ׼һǧٷ
ɯŮһֱǾĻ⻰ȴתͷ˿ţ
Цˣɯһ˵ҶҲˣԱ㹻ɡ
㹻̺ĵĻʿںֻʮˣԭ򲢷ǿȶҳϵĽͽ㣬ز㣬ܹʮѲǹһЩǹã
ͷ򣺡ϲĺ÷
ѵõ´ʱ⣺ţ񵯸ǻ׼ٸСըҩʮȻһš
ɯŮû⣬˺棬Цˣţõ㣬˭õ㡣
˵ʤĶѾ׼СӪˣ£ӪҾͽ
ɯŮѯʵʤǱ߲پ𣿡
ںսϣϸӪ֧ͬʱһ֧ɯŮĻװһ֧ʤĶʤıһЩۻȴǻ̵춨ģߵĶ벻̵֧ԮָӹϵҲһֱû塣
ڰʤĲӽɯŮָӣɯҲòѯװӺζ
飬ڶ㹻ľѣǲģǾϡӣԸöһЩʤǱߣֻʮǹĸɲʮѲǹȻڣҪˡ
ɯŮİţҪ֪ʤĶǴ²ӣһٳͷǹȱôһ䣬ԱԲ㣬ȴȱ̫ˡ
ϸ룬ϲƫģôǻ̵ĻʿҲˡ
ָֻһ䣺ʤҪŪǹ취ɡ
軨̺ʤ൱ӿＷռݶҲҪ֧ӵʵ
˵ڵķһͷҰţĻͷҰţƴسεɽʩѹε֧λǡǡ԰ţǣȥţҪӲɵĻľջͿˡ
õĵڶսߡ

һ˰ꡣʮա
ڡ
ս֮ڻָһһʿһһʬ塣
ڷӵһǧ˰гһķˣҲ齨䷢˰Ѳǹ
ڳļʿǸĴȺҪõö࣬һ԰סٷӣȫ⣬Ҳܿؽˡ
˴ٲǹֺŲǹֻҪԪһѣװѡھִٵѵ֮Щʿװվڡ
޿κε飬û߶ԶһֱפڽʮĻ¸ʱʱɳʮʿɧźڣһλɳһӪĺȫһ½սӵľʿڡ
˲òЩα䵱ڻң˵ں϶Ҳļ˺ܶԽ˳䵱ҶʿҪܵ͡
ҲֻͽԸ뷨˵Ķ֮УܶʱǰŵƾֳؾӸĻĿѡ
ͷʹǻ̺ʤںӺߴһоĴֻǽɱ˰Ƿڽ⵽ڻһЩ淨ʵ̴ǽɻ˱˰
ǶںڵϮŸǲӶҹϮڳǵӣ½սǿѾʧ˲ٲǹ͵ҩû׷DDֽŵʧǼǵ
ںڵķˣֻһͷǱ֧ŹμѵӣȵԮִͬʱѵãͿһٹɽǡ
ںѵõӣں϶ȴ㹻ʱѵǶսʤǱм顣
ǲ֪ںεɽǣе뷨һģһ
ںս֮УʧǰδݣԼ֣һǧˣ˽һǧˣ
ֻǺģֽ֮սӪʮˣϸӪһʮˣٰʮˣȥĺڹۣ֮ϸӪǴͷٶʮˣӪͬʮˣսŰʮˣһ͵һǧ˵Ĵؿڡ
ûô֣Ÿ˽󣬾˵ǵԮûߣô֣еܲˡ
ǱҲӹȥʧ̫ˣϧûºڣϧˡ
ôһǻ˵Ļⶼ˹ȥܴ˵Щٰܽ
ܴôҲҪչչӪӪȻ˵ѳְˣɲһˡ
ǰӪϸӪһǺֵܣٽӼõɡ
Ҳ֪վӲһأֻҡͷ˵ļӪͷڶû롣
ˣǫˣǱֱ˵˵ǸӪͷǲϴۻɣѡһӪٱǡ
˵²٣֧ںڹսֻ֮˼ǹǱõһ֧ӣȴڽȥսʹȴҪӲ
ӪĶ֧һӾʹŰ˶ȻںȻڣеҩ࣬ô
ǽȥִе񣬲ǾⳡսĹؽ
ʧϴӪʧİʮˣ±ѾӿʼˣϸӪĵĸӪͷԭҲ齨ˣӶȥս
û뵽ԭΪȫûӪѡϿ˿ǣӪǣû뵽һֱŲɹĻ۲顣
˴ߴٶûЧǰǸɴŹ˵һҪۣ£ûᵽһ£ȴģǾɹ֮ϻ෨ɵδ㡣
һ൱СĿӣ֮ǾͰʿӻԪ㹻۹ܳһʱӣҲѹֲ˼
Щŭ˴궼뵽ȴǣ˲ã
˵´ùģҳҲа;ϵһ뵽һУڷŭ֮ȴҳһʵӪѡ
ԵӪ̫࣬ǶЩǷȱǽȥеӪͷҪ齨ԱϾλɲȴȱܶࡣ
ǸӪͷҲԼ鷳ͬҲļ˴±ʮҵϱͬڸӪдʮˡ
ںս֮еʧѾÿӪ׼ڲ䵽һϣһҸɴԼĲڸĳΪϸӪĲŸӪȫϸӪĲӪƣҲ޿κΡ
ںڵĽɻ㣬Ҫ֪ǽɻĲǹֻϸһЩϸŵĽɻװƵĲӪǼҲ֦
ڣǱȲϸŵıǮۺر½һӪǹȱ
ӪױΪ齨ģսĲӣеĲ䶼ȱֻһЩʽǹ
ںڣеĵƶˣҲЩÿҪǹҲװӣȻڡ񵯡ըҩȿ컹ҪǿһЩ
ÿһװǹװӣһܴӵսǺܿˣϸӪɽЩװŰͺƱҪԶԶ֡
˼죬ȴǶ㲻ȥҲֱ˵˵ʤӪҪ֮⣬һҪ齨һӪȡ·齨ϡ
һ£Ӫˣ֧ӺʤĶӪ
ڳȥ֮⣬ӪͷǡҲӪǻҵǰӪϷֿӪʤӪȥʮӪ
֪ԴЩУ̫ǿԮ̫࣬ƴϱҲӪˣӪսεȣȲӪͷ
̾Ϣһ£óں֮УȻǵڶȴȫ
ڶѹˣֻ˵Ҳʹ죺Ҳһˡ
һ䣬Ȼٿһƾ£ͳҰµӪ㣬㲻Ҫǡ
ӪҪ˺üأһֱûڡ
˾ҪಽţҾãǺÿԱһಿӣҲպų
˵仰ͷȴһʯͷôһ㣬ʮӪټĲӣԱţҲ˦ƹˡ
Ļﾹ͵ζֻôҲҪԼú·ŵװ㶼ýһ֣
Ǻţݣһţšüһָӹ٣ץʵ
ţӪǧϵĵϵӣǰȴûʵֵġ
Ҳһ£ûš
ȴŲίˣôһǵʵĵȴǳ˴
ԭıǮǡҲǱһţӪӪټĺӪ˵Լ沽ų⻰ȴӪ
ԤҪӪԭҲвͣȴû뵽Ҫ졣
̧ͷһȴƾ΢Ц֪⣬Щջȴǹֶ˵ȫ˧ôˡ
ƾȴ˵Ң˴ͶӣϹ֮Ҳںͣص
ҲԸ⣬ȻһϸӪãôһ㣬˺ĵʵСҲС
Ҫ֪ںƾݱʵϵʲôҲû̵̵ֻһŵĿǵӪıԱû䡣
Ҳ˵򲻿ɣͳȻӢϣɻǷЩ
߷߲ƽؿһƾ£ƾһ֧棬û뵽ؽʱȻôһ⡣
ƾȴѿ߳еֻǱؿһۡ
ǴľӣصԼ棬ֻܿһ۴ԭصҲЩΪԼıࡣ
ٴƾ¸ԼıױӪ½Գɡ
ԭĹ滮ҲǽĸӪͷĲӣԼָӣǸûҪϸӪ¾ƾµĻȴ׵
ͳλȴһܴĸղӣ׽䶼ĵ򣬶ͻҸɴǶһġ
ͣȴסһ֧ǿĲӣʵҴʮ꣬ŻѪ콻㣬Ҳҽӣ
Ա߻Ҽˣסߣеɣ̫ˣ
Ҳ˵ͳӣȼ
ֻľû˵Ѿˡ
˵˭ҹ죿


һһʮ Ȩ
˭ҽλã
⻰µʱҲǴصһ
Яǹˣ˭
⻰һڣ˶죬˭Ҳû뵽ʱڡ
Ҫ֪ͻҵӡ֮УȻЩǱǸǫǫӣ׼ϳɡ
νϳɣڡϳɡ֣ǷȱһЩеĸо֮Уʲô֮ϲƽȣŰԼĵԾԵѹ֡
ǵǹϵʱǲſꡣ
·̫һ㣬ǹãյǶۣǼ顣
꣬ͳʱƴİǧؾפĺǣ꣬ѷĹڽ£һꡭ
ֻЩһֱɽǱľӪڴҶϵĹҫۣվֱ̫֮£˶ͻȻĬˡ
ǵһõˣϳ˷ŭ;ĵʱ;ˡ
Цݱô˵ҪųֻӪղӪ
ںĻشת䣬ǹã˳ҡ
ҶѾˣȴľ޴ѹ
۳벻ɣҪҫۣѾǺĵڶõǰ·ͳ֮£ʵѾԽ˺Ӫͷܺ͡
ñ𿾹Ԩͤģûͬû
ڻصԭ㣬᲻ĳŵȨó
ϸɲμӵĴᣬʮһľٵʱ۾תڴһ𸴡
ѾﻢˣԱƾ¸һ˵ֻҪҺܵϮƵ׳󣬸ӪܵõƽԴҡ
ս֣±̫ˣҰѺһ㣡
ƾ¸Ͻһͳˣ常
˼常µ£Ҳֱ˸һ񣺡常Ըú֮еϮ֮Ẉ̂ӪԵùƽ֮Դ
ȴǳ̾һ
ʮָǰȴǺ֧ӵͳ졣
ʱᣬŰֳ£ĶʱǽһǺ죬ǶָΪģͻ˽Բ顣
ҺԼмǣȴǶ⣡Һ죬ز
Ȼȴʼղ˶ˣҲʮĺ˧
ʱˣԼѾ˼ͷյսѶйȥߣյĵˣͬƳӢҲ׷׻
ֻԼھ֮⣬ά֧ǺڵһȴʶԼǺεȵĵ
ſ죬죬ͲԼȫ̲ٿء
ѪľӪһ̾ϢҲ벻ʲôʧֻ˵һͽˣ
˵¥ͬʮ׷ҵģҲҵȻżƽϸ˵ʧȴȲ
ӣɳһֳ˵ĳֻսһ
ݣǰӪҺмǸɣͬʮͶҺģңΪǰ棬취ǵıˡ

һһѺӪ١Ǹܸȴǳû᣺ԴԺǺĵˣٴϸӪĽǶȳˣһǽ飬ϸӪǿǡ
˵ţתȥ͵͵Ĩ˰᣺Ժ飬ˣ
ǰס常ǫԺҪĵطţҸĹ
ҲһỨദô᲻
ȻǸӢȴŷǷЩʱСǳ̫йũʽľͿȴûԼʲô¡
׼ĺ죬Ƕĸ飬ʧ̬ɡ
֮ʣȴһ׵վźĸɲˡ
ĽϸӪĸɲȹƣȻӦĻȴ᳡
Ҿһ˵һ
ӭǣʼôҲƽȥڴı֡
ʵϣǰ·ͳһ쿪ʼףִӲԶˣû뵽һ쾹Ȼô͵ˡ
̫ĳȣЩӿ޵Ĺ
һͬ
ҲŪԭղŵķԡ
λֵܣǽԵվһǺ֮£ֻ˵ôһ仰ֻҪܶ˵룬Ͳλûԡ
˵һ䣬ҪӪͷҲӪͷֻҪڴڵӪͷҶȫչţһȣҶи뱥
ÿӪͷǹٰѣСȻһǧĹСըҩʮûôеʱһ룬롣ڱǾͿӪˡ
һ뵽ҲɾͼʱĹע¹еʧ
˵ڴڵӪͷôǰӪӪͷһԻÿǹٰѣСȻһǧĹСըҩʮ滹Իôʡ
ǰӪںս۽ɻ࣬ȻϸӪʵȫԱŻǿԽǰӪĴ󲿷ֱԱʵ˺Ż
ټװرȻڡ񵯺СըҩǰӪܻʵֺŻӪͷЩװ
ҵľȻ˵ֻһӪӪڲһȣټϸӪĵڶװƺһĲţһǧϵսԱװǰ֡
һſҰսмһķӪҪ֪װԺһ²ӪٿԴǰľɲӪ
䡢ҲĳŵȻֱ쵽һ룬һٰѿǹʮ׵СȻڣٸ񵯣ʮСըҩһѾǳˡ
Ҫ֪ս֮ǰĺӪһ㲻Ĺģѣװ˵ȫʵֺŻǻ뷨վͬһϡ
ȻҶԼ뷨رøһЩһ㡣
ԼıǮóȥҪҵıֵ֣ǣûбĲŸɣҲʹŴƴʤһ̡
ʤһ̣Ǿһӵٻ󣬴ˣǾֻܹƨˡɴ˵ֵɽӪ꣬Ҳô㱾ǮڶóˣɴĴʤ˸ϳԽȥ
˵Щζسƾ¿һۣں飬ֻ˵ֻ˵
ƾһ仰ɾ˷ãΪ֮٢
٢ԽֻȴҵΪ֮ϵ¡
һжǳȴȻ¾ɸ棬ȻҪ
ֻȴûôȳϣֻЦ˵常һмѻҪ˵ݣҲ£
ôһڣ˶֪Ȥ˳ȥ˭ҲԸεʱ͵
Ϊĺ䣬Ҳ˳ȥȴЩֹ
Щįʵʲô飿һִעѪҪʲôҪæĵطֱܿڰɣ
ȴǴݵ£Ȼſ˵Ҳûб飬ֻͬ常һ£ҺպȨ֡
ȴԼĵߣǲʮӪͷ׼±ӪܹʮӪţѵ𣿡
ѺȨŵĵϵӣҲƾ˵ɡ
Цˣ㿴ˡ
Щףղ԰ƾͥԱȥˣȴֻˡ
ҡǺлеŵų˵вӶųĿ֮¡
֪Ϊ½ӪͷװƤģãʲô뷨˵ɣ
Цˣǡÿһе뷨ͬ常ݣ̸̸
ͬĿĪҪװЩնǵ
ҲѵǲȻ˵еնǺʿ˵¿ǹܳʽȻڣ񵯺СըҩֻҪڣͲûװ
ôһ˵ʵӪͷװʲôʱܴ롣
Ҳܸɴࣺ£ӪװҪȵ·ݣֻС£һһλ
Ȼ˵˵ɣǰԸһֻҪܼһ쵽
ֻ˵һ䣺Ǻã˰ѺȫȨץΣ


һһʮ 
ֻ˵һ䣺Ǻã˰ѺȫȨץΣ
һҺһȫ
ȫȨȫȨ
̾һҵľͺˡ
ӪƷ滴ӪȻҲӪһëǾǱΪУβ󲻵ӪٶԼһĶֵء
վӪٵϿ˵ݲͨӪ٣һӪ֮ϵųĽǶֲͬˡ
ⷽҪõö࣬ϸӪʼȨҶѻӪӪͷһųͷͨͻȴû
ǻȴĽǳӪٵȨţǰǰӪܴȫȨοҲȷʵ
ˣźȫӣľûκ˸ҶԿֻҪ죬ܰȨյǵϣôһķӣ
ճ񽻸ҴÿͷһλᣬĴ룬ִƱһһƱ
ڻ޵ջеһһƱĸ֡
ųһƱôʵ޵ȨֻҪһ£Ʒľ飺һһƱƱͨ
ÿһ飬һһƱҲܸɴࣺȨҪյ˵ϡ
ȻûӻʵʣעȨܹҲڰӻϣԶǲһУǿͨ飬⵽ƵķҲ¡
Ҳʮ⶯һԳŵȫȨҪսͬûְӻôһ̡
ƣԶǼУһ⣺ǵڶŵװô죿
ҲƱܸɴࣺһϸӪصȨ˿»ᡣ
һֱȴûɵ飬ܴһЩдҲ֪һᡣ
лٴʶȨֻһ䣺ų𣿡
ϸӪ߽ţһһλͬɴ˵Ҳһλ䣬ɡ
»Ľίƣ峣ίƣԴ˱ʾ⣺ô죿
Ҳɣ
ʱξֱӵ潻𺦵ҵ棬Լ
Ҿƾ´Ӧ»ᡣΪһֻӪĲţҲһˣǻˡ
ƾ²ͬȫģȫѡҲ뽫Ƴ
ֻһʱһˣ
Ѿǳ򵥵ıƾڹؽʱŴӣģƾֻһˡ
һˡ
Խϵʧˣƾ¿ƨɻر£ٵȴ֮֡
ǻжϣǵԼжϣһˡ
ҲתЭͳ죬Ҿ˵̫ˣƴǻˣǱ˵ϻ
ȴӲͬĽǶȾܾƱոպãƱĻô죿οֻһˡ
ƾһˣοֻһˡ
һ뷢ԣȴЦˣǵĵһƱһ
ܵƵĺô
ʷһ˲䣬С
úȨ˲䣬ǵظܵʱĴ󳱣ƸĸΪȨص»ᣬһִսʱڸΪķչ׳춨ǶʷϻʱĴ¡
DDԴԡʷһ꣬ǻӡίԱᡣ
ũڼȡ֧Ȩ֮󣬵һ¾ڰԷ򣬽ȫǷ»ᣬ¢˺һдСȨ񣬶»ᡣ
DDԴڡйʷһĺʷɣִ͹ŦԼУһŶꡣ

һ˰¡
𱱾ͱ¸ϲС
УʮĹҵأֻдܾĿͨ
ʱǧٷֻΪӢδǣȴ֪һнԿգ˽ֻȴԼĵϸ
Ȼ˧ѧֻ֪֮ЩֻŪŪˣŪŪͬţŪֻ̫ܺŪԼ
ֲ֪ҪѧЩʲôԿ̸ȴƭԼʱĻоֻգֻܶͨ
ǼͨⱾ飬ҲЩףֻУܾϸϸʧ
ŵױڱһлڽΪӪޣŵĽͳ֧ױʼղ򣬼Ǽʱڳʡ⣬֧׾Ȼûвսһֱڰ˹֣֧ڿս֮ɢ
򸽽ǻʮӪͷڳľӪĻ֣ں⻹һֲٰˮʦ
֮У԰ǣؿ￴ʱͨܲõ⡣
Уϵͳһһָζ뱱ĸ಻ͬڱ㻹¶һ˿˿⣬һ˿˿
ʱҲ߳Уӭĺ磬һǲ֮ϲͣС
һѳɣ£±Ƿ첹Ūȥˡ
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һ¾ǰ£еĸɽд֮˵Ľܲһ㡣
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ǰʹӡ£פӼӡ֮֮Դ˶¸ܶ˰ͳԮ®ݣͣӼ½Ԯ˰ӻڳڽԴʮ𼱣ǸӼϣºӡȴֻԱһһ䶼ɳ
Ԫʮգ̫ƽ®ݣɱнԴسǹڳӵ
һݹͬȵĽ飬Ȼͬڱҵ꣬Ϊмᣬȴͬ½ãƽƣΪһ֮ͨꡣ
ֻڣҲֽֿȣѻȴʼû㵽µͷϣؽΪеλá
ֻǿʱӰӣȴǸдʲô˵ӣǵ˵顣
ֻҲû˵飬Ĳ˵ͻˮӿȴ£ԺΪĴǷǣ˶һ䡰ֱ֡ƽ֮Ū֮ࡣ
ڵЦݺ⣺ӱ˾͸ˡ
֮ԳΪһؽ䴦ˣ֮ǶԲޱȣϵﳯȨһϲڴӣ
ڣҲǸ˾ƽƣ֮࣬䱣֮ڣһݱ㲻һ죬Ҳ۰ٱ
ֻȴҡҡͷԣҪʱʱԲФ֮Ĵ˰
仰ȴֹһλ䣬ԴüΰѲΪĩƻʱĸ٣Ϊµʦֻڸ֮أʼղôãһĥѡ
ƽԺ¸áֲ֪Һ񡣱ʦᣬ`ౡЧԵӣǧĥ۶˼Ǿٻ£˵ξʹԤЭıΪ˧ƴةָã²
仰ǵ긣˵ģʱʱҪԲФ֮Ĵ˰
ֻȴ˵£ͬšֱ֡ľģãҶ֮ʣԵ񣬶ܣ˰˷´þ֮
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꣬ڷϵͨѯʵαúˣ
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ˣҲǺ棬ؽ֮ϲøڴӶӵԱʹڿڣֻҪվ£
˷ҪټԭʹΪѲⱣ֮жࡣ
ȴǾһ֣Ҫʲôˣ


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Ҫʲôˣ
µºͣȴҲڲòǰȴԱȨ
ºڵıȷʵЩſˣȻһھǰѹѲϺųͨԽε
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ܶѲ벼ʹһһԱһһʡС񾡲֣Ǿǲ񣬶һץ
Ի˲Ŷʢƽѫ֮ʢֱΪֹһģҲֻܶ˶ѣȻฮѹƼ²ϲԵʣҲȨ֮ء
ǰڣȴ̸ЦҪѹѲԼˣλĻǼֱǴ˴峯ٵһ¼
һ֮ڣӵԱʹԲʹ֮ٽѲǺ֮ʣҲûļ¼ƫԶһʡҲ̫Ѱˡ
ھôɵ˵˳ƺɰ쵽£¸еԼǶôһˡ
ƽ֮ѵֲ֧ȥ̶ӡӣǰ󲻹Σζǰ˶顣
һ˶ʶ³ӶժӡӣʮӪӶûʣˣһ£ʮӪҲƥ̳Ըɾ˳ᢣЩ鶼ؽϣǸռ˴ȥ
ȴ̸һѲĸ֪ƾ̱Լ֧֣Լ֧֣бܶ
Լ¸̣ȴôôѣϲŪԼЩȴʵ˹ؽ⣺Ҫ˭
΢΢һЦζÿϵ޸иţε࡭
籣ٵһһƪϾͱһˣڵһҪƼ񣬵ȴкüʮˣЩ˶ǵڵĶ塣
ͬԱҲԭзºͰ֮õɣЩεĹԱѾʺһսˣֻˡ
ͷһᶽͤ
˵Ҫεѡд⣺Ա֮ɣתս֪֮࣬£Եˣ·ͳƹܿΣ򡣡
һĸоҲֵʱʱǧٷǺεȵܷѾˡ
ֻ˼еʧӲĲ껴פϺʱÿá
ڷӲģҲЩ˽⣬ӲĳԺ˹аŹתսϣԺϴӪαëƣӲҲϽɽһ·򽭸
ƽë֮ʣӲǵڶĽ죬ȲñѧЩһűȫûϻǺһ׵ġ
Źص£һ𣬼ӪãƾϺЭãʼ̫ƽƫʦʼ򽭲ʧԺתսҲ˲ٹѫ
˼ȲϵҲڻϵǸ׽ڰӪһѫСţ£СŸʰˣ˻ˮʦȥ˰ڵˮʦ˰һһ塣
˹֮ӵܹʾΪԳһϵҪʰȴʲô¡
ᵽ˻ƹĿ
ƹҲǻˣھжнƽѫӪҲѵõ˲ţԺΪͬ׽Բű˻ϵ
ΣʼŻϵıιᶽְ֮Ҳûһʡ֮Ȩ
Ƭ֮䣬Ѿʮ͸Ȼԣ㵹ǺôĵӣʦҲѷͤһʹƹܻˮʦû뵽ฮֻû˻ܱȴһֱûųҳڶã
˵ţһ죺ҲʦĻµձ븾Ѱѹء
֪ѳɣӭ΢лˡ

һ˰Ѯڡ
ΣҺܸ
˵Ǹһʮµķһðռҵ˵ָֻ֪֧Ӳܷս
ǲһʮķٽԽָӹ١
Ѿɣĺۼй¾飬άҵһһʫ˻ҡ
ҵھУԺڼӶμ˰սôѹ˵ĵãշսʱŻʵɫǺܿμӶ԰蹫ս˽ȥΪһУӪڽֺ֧Ƿ
һȱǾУ˾ȥΪһٵٽDDǷٵļޡ
άҵУ½ٹٳĲŷḻֳؾ飬ִܵľ½ںͶĽֺ֧Ǵǣеһųֵš
ǶαлҪ㣬Դںβӹ÷ٽָȨ㷢ֺ⵽ӵĹ
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վǶأһ֧ĵڶǻʼ뷨ԡ
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վǰôһ֧õĲӣǴŷɫͻɫս죬ƴɱ
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ǵָӹ٣ͬ൱ģλųλϣˣ䵱²̽ӵĹӶӳμ˰ξĶжһλðռҡ
ĸǶͬһλʵڷͽںιˮԱܽ¸ҳʼ޲ڣҪǣǶǧϸŵһڶݺ޵еϸӪܵΨһۡ
˰ʿκѵͿֱӲμӣǵĲսʤĶӪͻ̵Ļʿвܴʹɯʱ˳˺ڸ׼ŸϮ
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ץ˵绰ʯ绰ﴫ棺ͳ죬ڻ¸ַǴӺڳˡ
ҶҲµ绰ˣ֣ȥ׼ǸͲҪȥˣ


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һȺʿں֣õȴŵ˵ĳ֡
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СĵǱʱ׼ʹֵκһҵн
ȵþٺʿǶһһĸо˭֪ǽһѡ
κδⶼĺЩ˵ľǾĿʮκвĿк
ͬڽ渽ʱŴСڣΨһһҵڴǰ컹һսһͭڱ仵ϵʿһһˣֱ½ڸ֧Ԯ˵ڽűȳˡ
ΣˮϵĽսǺ·磬ԴԺ󷨾˵ڽǸͻƺرصĻ¸Զĵط졣
ֻϵжͬںսںϷѲ󽢡׽ԲκǿսխĽϣκԶڽϵԱ˺Ҫ֪խĽ÷˲ǹ֮ڡ
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ڳһСٵݹ˴ϸӪŪˮаˣ첻Ǿʱˡ
ȣڳֻࣺҪʤһս֤ͳǵĴ
ǸЦЦѹ˵ֻҪ֤ǳԸ
Ϊ׼ϮڳҲ˲ٵıǮʱӽٺʿ˵²ǹȫϺǹִϸӪʮȻڣٸ񵯣ǰѱǮȫѺˡ
浽˷ص㣬ŷȵ̫ܳܵģȹ౥ˮˮȫˣˡ
ڳһԹţһ߾ԼıҪѿˣֻ֪˲ȥˣػȥǶඪ
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ǻûڴеѲ߽ʿԼĺðˣںʪȵȴҲǷ
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˻ʮСģЩʮ֡ϰٶֵڽװʮ׵Ľںʮ׵ĻڣȻӵ
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ҵıըֻãСըҩھԼһ״ը޴˰һСͧƷˣһСըҩȴǰոըɼǽıըԸ˾޴𺦡
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ǹԽԽܼһҾðźӵţǰѾشˣǰըһǼװϾͶѻŲʬԱڽϻвƮŵʬ壬һ֪ѷжء
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ڳһ£㰡ˮӣͬˣˣȥˮӪͷ˵ڴúøһܡ
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ڳЦˣϲˣȥˣ϶ǶһģˣˮӪиף˵ǲġ

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ڵõϢ֮Ǹ˷ܣǶ˷һְֻˣʵ
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ĻӦɣڴһļս


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άҵ˵ΪСĽ
˵йʲôԴļƻôŵشȴһѹ
ĶӵǿˣǻάҵУǲӣǵսǿ
ֱ죬Ÿһεĺսʧ˶ˣķ˾ʮ֮࣬Ҫ˵˵İ
ڲӵеıάҵǿ϶٣ҵоڲǿ֮УÿնʤӪͻ̵Ϯ
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װٽӦȡᶨжռɽͱ֪ЩǿʲôǿĶ֡
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ÿһٽϣԼܳΪһٵн°κٽҲ⣺ֻ輸ʿͿԹռ˳ˣüʿͿռɽͱˡ
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ڵݿݣǲֺ֧ܽܶƵפԱ߿һ۹ʱݣղ󳼡
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ٽ϶ͺڶʵʩ˾¹ƣµľһȨ̫ϻȫܿˣސ}Ӳ϶ӦеȨ
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˳ֻҪһ֧ģ½ͼҾ°кܶ࣬ոմӺڶ׽֧Ԯ½ȴ˲ϡ
ȫĲһֽ̬İãһٸƴ˳ļƻ
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ǵһڶ죬ȴȵһ죬ɻˡ
Ϊһߵʿ׼㹻ıƷⶼöеĻƱɹġ
ѩ֪ǰߵҶųҲϾ飬㲻ܵʤҲԲ˴οڲǾŵ룬Ĵսں档
ڲžŵ룬ѾôˣԤҪ󶯵Ļ֪᲻ʲô⡣
˫Ĳսֻ֮սȵԤͶȥǲӲܵʱ
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þԮˣǸξ˲ӭͷһѾˡ
ǸӾңԶֻһ๫ľ룬ڻڵ̣ҵǹսںӦ൱ǲţⲻܣһӡ
ȫ군ˣӻȷϢкüڣŵ˵ж˳ǧˣֻ˼ӵͱȫ²вǹʶߣ˾ʮ
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һֻ˰ӵͽɻһӵȫһٲǹǧӵ࣬н²һ㡣
ֻľӪȴǷһʱ䡣


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֮Զȱӵã̻ȻڲЩɳӣǻڽ֮еͬ١
ں֮ս֮ǰڽʼֻǱ²㣬Ǻս̵֮ĺڽһϵԱֻͻԽϽ
ڶ֮Уʮǻ̲µӣ֮Уǻǿһӡ
ʮͽлһʿ೤Щ˵ѡݣ֮һԱ͸Ѿժӵʱ
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ʷϣιԷΪģֻܱǧ˰ڵιȴǴﵽǧ֮ࡣ
ĹģֻǱʷһЩӵҪǻԭʱвڵĶ
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ʶˮϣڱϣڲռƣıģѾúظֽŵķս
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ԿǲϲģӲĶԿսǹǰױӣӵоԵġ
ԻͰӶģڶȻĲô֣ǲΪս֮󣬶Ҳֵ
ҵľǣҵʿǣס죬ҽǣȡһ̿ʽʷ
ʷΰһҳˣҽǰ


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ԼĲӷֳ·ݶӣÿ·һӪһźͷһΪǸɣһӪһԱ˶У·ݶڽؽ·¸ͼΧߡ
Ϊǿ·ݶӵʵһǧͬ·ݶǰԼΪԤӵĺ󱸶ӽ·ݶǰ
ڴڵ··ֻĵ̰ѵǰ
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бˮ½ؽΪ࣬ΪоЭͬΪǿҲ
Ӫӵİٽʿװͳ췢Ȼڡ񵯡ըҩʿ˵¿ǹ࣬С
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Ⱪֿ꣬˿ʹǽ֮·ݶȫһһμ帽ս
˵ţǰһӴ󽭣رǿӪһţڵؽʱ򣬲ʹá
ϲ֮ɫʹжܿҪ֪Ƿϵڣ̨ϵʮͭںڣǸر𣬼ʹԼ䱦ʮڣóʮһȽϣҲȫһ
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˶УΪ·ݶ˾һһӵľ٣ǽһǧһʿϣڻ¸衣
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ʿǣڻ¸ɣ˶Уһʱ䣺ߵʮ֣ϣʮʱ
źӵ̵Ľ൱խκεص㶼޷չݶӣֻһһŵĳȥ˱˶Уһһźһŵ˵һߣ˵ǲԶֻҪһ¸ҵĳžء

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ǰġ쫷硱ȵõصչˣһڵֱнףһϣһʮȻڵмװ壬ת볷ߣǲҵһڵбҩúשǽڵĺˮӿ˽գˮðźĲǹǿн˶©
һʮڵɹоʮ׽ڵλϣֱѳλһҵıը󼸺ڣʮڱը״̬λϵˮǱըΡ
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ġšԺһ㣬ֻڵǾʮ׽ڵĻܱʵĵ÷飬ˮˣΪ콢ġ𡬘ͬǺصչ˶һȻڵڼװ屬ըüˮˡ
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һٶʮ ɱ
ǹһӵлɱκα¶еĵоرŨŨİ֡

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ƹǹµĴңżҹŮɫΪᶽܶԺʩһӰ졣
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´ΨһһǣΪʿ򵤷תơ


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ӪĹٱĬĬŻҵûзԣֻЩỨǺܿѾͬˮһš
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ˮڱڣأİѾʱпܿӡ

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ڵܲ㣬Աֻ໥ţˮлǰǶڲ˵ʹ޵Ǻڳǵ̬ȡ
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˵һ䣺Աʵ̫ˣһҴ޷ߡ
ٽֻ۾һתѯʵΪʲôǷ֮⣬˶ǵʤĮ
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ڲľ˵һܺ۵ҹǱ֮ǰ¼еֻһ·ϴ衣
ڶԱҽԺˣԱֻܽˮ֮УԱȵõΣһٶͨˮ·
ӵǸ鷳飬Ǳ뵣ĺٴνڡ
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ܼǹΪڻСط𹥻ǲ֪ĺѾȫˡ
ҹǵĳжǳѾһˣûҵκмֵսƷԭʱУ©˼Ա˶УֻܽЩԱйߣˮеķʲôҲûҵ
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˶УȻֻĸ¬ֵ֪ĺˮǰʿȥ׷о֪Լɵȡʤһԭ
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ҵĳǷǳȷڷѾ˼Σյľأ˶УԸѵǻõսʲ
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ѵڱϵˮϽͧҲϽǷһ֧֧С쳷ˣ쳷ˣ
˶УվſڶˮϲӸߺҾˣǵս
Ǻ֮УȻı䲻˰ӵıɫǽǧѾôˮˣ˶УҲ޷ѹٵķԣֻЭҾսǿԳˣҴפ
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ϵ۰ԭߵСչ˾Ԯˣֻں֮УǵŬûеõӦеĻرս˾ԮǶ˻ʧںˮ֮С
ӪжһСʱȡһʤʮˣˮ潢ͧٴξĲӡ
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˵Ȼʧˡӡڽ൱һνȡһս·ݶӲһã׵ӻغڡ
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Ҫ֪˵ĺһֱֵ˵һսԺܳһʱ䣬̫ҫۣ˶ԷɱĿ꣬˼ʮ˵Ĵ֮󣬲ű
ЩǰõĿ꣬ļǿſѻ֣һƣѻ־ʹ׼
ٲǹҲȻֻ䱸һ屶׼Ǵô۵Ŀ꣬ȴȫ⡣
֧һ·ϵĵҲ˳ԼԼǹʹǱ˽ǵٶȱøˣܿͽϸӪɱ˷Χ
֪Σյشֲûܡ
⼸죬ǶפرݵԽչսڻܽһ⣬ؽʱǵÿȥռ죬Խ˵ս
ҪԽˣôһֶӾͿˣҪľǾ˳ڵ׷ʲô¡
ɫǾҪǸׯʱͻȻӵ
磡ֶָӵξͷеֱӵأѻֿɲֹôһ㣬˷ӵͽĲǹˣˣǺܼĲǹ
ȻѾɢսΣһŵһ䣬ֱֶһ˲䶼ڵء
Աһߵڵϣһ߷ӵչʮ˵Сֱֶ֮Уÿһ̶ٴе
һǹѾûվڵϣдſڵϣȫѹסˣֻżһӵ
ϵ۰Զһ֧ǵָӹѾֶӵĲչսΣǰ
ǺûֶӵôоĵһֹкѷϣҪ֪ǿųоݶ˳
ɢɢߣǰֶѾûϢˣʮ塢ִٴоȫޱܼѾ漣ˡ
ֵһչˣڵԼǰ֧ԽϾӣ˱ʾ˼ӡ
ǵһǲֶڵоķ֮£ѾȫûСӵʬͰǵǰ֧оĻ
ǿԴǹжϳоӵһЩ䲽ǹеٲǹ˵ʿ˵²ǹоҲӵԼ̵Ĺ¡
ڷӵĹ֮ǰǿĻټ̵ıݶһ̸ֽ
οǰأֻʱôɵıݣؾֻ࣬һӵĹģһܽһԽϲǼֱǳˡ
ǲӾΪֶӣڱͷ
ؾ˵ֶֻǷǰСѣڵоıԼһңȫǷĿ顣
һǰһ濪𣬵ؾȴ֮Уȴʱĵ
ȵѾƽ󸽽̲Ȼڣţ


һʮһ ʳ
ؾ˵ֶֻǷǰСѣڵоıԼһңȫǷĿ顣
һǰһ濪𣬵ؾȴ֮Уȴʱĵ
ȵѾƽ󸽽̲Ȼڣţ
ǿǿһȻѾ궨һȻڵȥţʼٴװҲͻȻ
һǹʩڷ֮˲Сʮӵ֮ͨһأмˣŴǰ塣
Ѿɢ˶ΣҲ˶ŵε﷢һûȡϸӪеЧ
ҲͬԼĶʮʿòϵЩоսѾΪˣѷֻҪǰһʮףͿô̵ء
ˣǰ
¸ҵʿЩǱøӼγϸӪȥʹǵĲǹƴؽѹƣһЩѷҲ˸ߡ
ֻսƺڷԽԽۼҪƬҰȻ󷨾ÿһǰʿȱֱըˣڵʹطţʿҲȽ
ֱһֺصĵ÷ˣǲ֪ǰжٵף϶١
׼ϲǹڵʹĹƷܿǾ˽ѵĵؾϧǷĵҩ߸һС֮⣬Ȼڵ̺֮£ѹڻ֮УȴԱȴ
ʮˡһȥԵ൱ƣͻս˲࣬ʮ˵Ҳʧ֮һս
սѾͣϢˣ˳սȴԽԽңǹԽԽܣøξԵʮֽƣ֯ڶι
֮ǰĻ֮Ѿʬ壬ǾǹԽȻûбӿ˹ǣϸӪһι
ÿ֧ǹʮϵӵǵоøӿȣȺȺʿӿ˹ǣ˹
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´׼ⲫ
Ϊ˹ǹΪǸɵĲӣҲòӵĵоӦЩֻŽҡ
ǰԽ˵ǰõһЩӣǴţӹ֮ڳ˳ԽϾȡʱ䡣
ƿɴûмô׳۵ĳ뷨ɢβͬǰĵоųķӿ˹ǵĳţһһĳ档
ǵǹȫһ֧ɵĲӣһɫĿףһǰĸо
ûôǿԽˣ˿ķ󣬰ǹڶ׼˺ѹѹԽϣһһֵ䡣
ԽѾ˺ܶˣڼָ֮£һһĳȻֱǹȥ
ϵĿѾͷˣż˹ǹӵŸʽĵǹţάһϡ
һӢµָӹپһѱӶţؼǰǽǰͱǹˡ
ǧоܼ棬ϸӪʿܳȣķ˿ңز˹ǹ໥γ֧ԮֻҪеоڱƽͻ⵽ܼ
ɱ
ѹѹȺͬˮһӿķûͱˣȻλűָӹͳ֮£ٴη档
ȻǶǳӢ£ӢµòһЩԽˣϸӪȴʼղһķӱһܵתš
ʮȻҲʼǵڻϵڵȥ൱ԽҪǰ壬ͱʬϳ壬ǵĳûȡκγЧ
ƲЩǷӵֻȡԼǹǰһ󲽣ԼŶ׼ЩĹ
һǹһԽ˱ڵϣѪ֮ǸὣָӹٴųȺʿǰس棬ҪԴ˱ʾͬ顣
˶Ȼڣ䣡
ǸոոϵŰ˶ȻڣҲ֧ӵǿĻȻڵĻܼͻȻȱڣȱڵص˲ĴɢܿһԲεʬȺܼķг֡
תȥڵܼغš
ǸԽָӹѾڵڵأȻþȫǰ͵ıָ졣
ϸӪѾųݶӣɱǰˣԽҲûеֿ׷׵תӿȥ
ϸӪڹǵϷǰѽָıһ˲ǸӢµԽָӹеȥ
Ѿ֡
ϸӪʿֵüӢۣӼͬʱ˹ǣս죬ûͣչ
ڻʹΧս֮УѾ˷̫ʱ䣬Ǳ뾡ѳԽĻʵۺʹǡ
վһʬǰһǧʬԱ÷ܼĳ赲˺һСʱ
ǳɱ֮⣬ǲûɺĴʧһս˸ˣȫʧ
ҿǿԽˣϸӪȡʤѪ֮УУûΪ̵ĳֹͣ˼
ʹԼУǾʹԼУʣµ赲ⷨĹ
ʱ򣬲òӢ
û뵽ôһôıԶǡ
ڼʱ֮ڣϸӪݹι˳⡣
һѵֽҵ˼ʮΣƾһδεĲܡҪ֪һֻ֧һǧ˵Ĳӣ봩Խǧ·̣δĵԵоЯȫоҪһйȫļǡ
ڰ쵽ˣⲻʤʤ
ڹȥУǱ˳̤Σǽڲ˻ʹⲻ鹦ƣҲ鹦
еһıЩԽ޷ƿصĸɽ壬û߲һܵľݵأϸӪΪսԱһ֮µ˻֮⣬Աػ塣
Ѿջļڡ
ǹŴ󲿶һͬ˹ǵĴš

ǵȷ˺ܴоӵд䲽ǹһӵдڣ¶ӵм̵ء
ֶоչҵսδϼоΪһӪ֮ȫʧء
ǲٴη𹥻ڵо̫࣬ǿʮ˺ֹ
°ٽѾ̵ڻ֮˳ͻȻͣϢˣǹҲͣˡ
˳ڵսѾһˣʱ䲻ˡ
ǵȫμս
°ٽ֪Լ˳ȻԽϣΪһٵĺн
ҲԱǧſսΣƺƵչ
ڶ֮Уŷսǿķ½սӣšʮɽڡʮڣǿģȴʮߺ׵Ļڡ
άҵֽűʱͬЯʮߺ׵ܻڣάҵûкܺõֻڣڱƣڱһڱתƵһڱأֱʮߺڶûпһڡ
ǹ°ٽٷִһǧǰûκԶҵĵоܵסǵĹơ
Ҫ֪зսУ峯ȥĵˮݣԱ˼ǧ˹ʹȴʮѾΪ֮ĵȡս
ڹ°ӵһıǵǰԽϾӶѣֻڿ֮Уӵ˴˳ԮʹߣᶽˣǺҲ
°νһֱ˵Լڲλϣȡʤһβԡ
Խϵķ֮УһĽģÿսʮְգ´ǲǣɧŵоŪо֮飡
˵ţѾȡ˳ĵͼǴʿƵľõͼȻȲϵţɾҲǳ
ܿҵصǸ䣬ݴĴСоıᳬһǿ
Ǹׯ˳ԼĲӲԽ˳Ȼɳһֶػأڱضͨػؼʮ
ܿ˾ڱоʮߺ׼μս
ǵĶ棬̼ǿһƬϲ֮УѾ˷֮ͣǰķʬԱʮ֮࣬൱һԱѾˡ
ʮʿļǿţսڽս߶أܼμս
̶սǳֹۣһҲܵס
ر˳ǵǹͣϢǵ¸ˣ֪Ʋǣ϶Ԯ֧Ԯǡ
Ϣʱ䣬ؾܿͲ˵ҩ޲˱ƻĹ£Ǿһжǡ
ǲ֪ʮСӣҪһǧĹ֧Я˴ȽĺŸڡ


ڻ¸ʤϢ֮ټӪѵһؿ˺һ
ֻ˽´ţºѲΪˤ˱ӣ˵ҪϾľӦ
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ҪӿⷿǹǷǵӿ·ɣȻⷿܿһҲ޲ӪͷǮûһˬ졣
οĵҲ̴ԽԽãԼԽɣҲԽࡣ
һƾµҪǹָ˵ǹûеĻɶµǹҲԡ
ܴ󣬿˼ҿǴԵİģƾƴҪӪͷֻҪǹʲô
ҲֻǿܻⷿüͷûѲ˵
Ц˵ᶽѾͬˡ
ƹھɫô£̨ϣõĹᶽԽĵڶӪݡ
Ӫ񴦵ļ˶ԥһ£ԷѾͳƱһС˼ɾ⡣
аûģǼҰѾֻͣǿһֲòԥһ£һǧٸ˿ǹôࣿ
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ȴӪˣһǧٸ˿ǹƴ˻ˣϸ磬ƴױӪڻ´úܲ
´Ҷ˵ˣĹȻͬ졣
ʹ˵ˣƴ˿ɲڴ˰ӺеӪͷԼ£ʱһҵ
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ѻӪѾƴ˴Ϲϵˣƴ׼ץӪͷ˵ɣǹļ룬ټӸɣˣ
ȻǼԱЦˣɼ۵ȻҪֻ̫һθôࡣ
˼һ£ȰǮһ룬ȸǵٸ˾ëɪ


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˼һ£ȰǮһ룬ȸǵٸ˾ëɪ
һǧٸ˿ǹĿȷʵ̫޴ˣлƹ飬ټƾµױţǻûӡ
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ʮ˿ǹںĸдʲô
Ҷȴһ㣬Ц˵ͳ죬һȷʵǼȻôǹôӱŪǹ·Ӿ͸Ƕˡ
һǧٸ˿ǹȷʵƾµֱʣ׼ǽҶֵĽҶ־Ͱ⣬һݺᣬƾԺʹӦҶŪһǧٸ˿ǹ
Ǹûжֲȱ⻰һͷˡǿһǧٸ˿ǹȥŪ
رɽŴŪİٸ˿ǹѣֱӿһٳͷ齨ԼױӪǴѾڣֲʰֻܺ˵ҵа취ŪǹµʱᶽѲ㡣
ҶȻôӦֳ棬ڵֻҪϸһţȥҪǹ
һţǼ򵥰㵽ʱ͵űɣҪӴ峯ĿⷿҪеһ׮°
룬Ǯʹĥһ֮󣬻ƹǶһʵȱᶽ٣ͳһʡȴױҪλѲץţһ˵еϸӪǰҪǹеоˡ
Ͷɢɲ˺飬ں֮УϸӪһģѲһɴһɣȻĻϸӪһսߵѣҶԺô˫һļϣ飬º׷ʡ
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ǵһܺõʣ衱ܿ죬Ӫͷø߷һ¿սȱǹееĿǹսһˣȫ
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Դʮִ󷽣ҪʲôǮֻȥǣؽǰŪǹ
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һǧ˲ǹĹģפԽ㣬ѲϸôǹҲȱֽ
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ֻǶҶ˵ȻļӪͷҲֻȴ֮ˡ
Ҷ뵽һͳˣҶѾֽӪͻӪĺӪҲһȥˣǰߵıǲ̫ˣ
ȴЦˣҶ׼ѸʡչЩǼ£ڷˡ
ڻ¸ܵöҲǿڶʱڣǾûоڶν
Ŀǰĵ⣬˳֧ӡ
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Ȼâ˳սռԴԴӲֿٲǹؽʧܴĻıԱһЩԱҲڹˡ
ҪǣĲȡһλԻ͵ʤһζԽ˵ʤ
ӼһЩǾ͹ռ˺DDзҵġ
Խ˼ûеֿԽϵҪУĻ룺ĶԽ˾ͺˡ
ռ˶ںҪۿڳУѷ˵ľݵӵĸһжڻʧ֮󣬶ڷ˵һлɡ
ҪǣҪһʤ
һҪˣӹһֲһӪռƻǶķ½ͻﵽǧ֮࣬ڼδۣԱʷöٶ򶫾Ͳӡ
֮ǰڻ¸˾޴ĴֻۣвԼ֪ôĴۣ㱪Ӻ˶㸲ķսʧǧ½棬һǧ߰
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帽ս·ݶǱ˴ܣд帽ȴһĹؽʡ
ǾǼ·ݶ⵽˼ԵĴȻʧش󣬿ȴ÷˵Ա޷ݣⳡսз˽ӽ֮ԴдսӸӵʧ֮󣬿˵Ǹ޷ؽ
Ҫ֪ӵʧ󣬿ǹǸУԱݻʱգһԱ֮⣬˶ܹӡ
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ᶨţڵõһӪԮ֮᷸Ĵ
֪ڻ¸ʧ֮ԱͶ˾ʲôԴԼһʤѹ˳ı֡
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ͶսıһǧʿʮһŸֿھĻڣս֮ǰڻϴִׯ
ѾϸǰԽϴׯƵһׯֻһıʵ۹۲ڵؾᳬһˣһƺֻһš
ͺðˣһʱ䲼˹Ҫ
ڽһ湥һӴӲػأټһΪڶ׶ӣ֮⣬һӽƵͻ
⽫һж֧ϸӪСӽܿܶıٽ̫Сˡ
ǹ°ٽȴһְҵ˵ķ緶֪ţɱһоȻڱм䡣
ʮһŻڷϣڱǺܿʹڶӾҵԼĿ꣺ţ
Ÿڵ൱ˣһХؾرһƬ𺣣ĵƬϺХš
ӵʱŲͬӵըŵţǵڱʷǳߣڶڵ׼ȷء
䣡ڱĺûֹͣͬھĻڰеĻؾ֮ϣĹ£°ٽȻʮӵ̺
ٶΪ֮˾̫СˣֻҪһŻڣһӵѹƹ㹻ˡ
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һԾ壬չսγŶ濪ʼǵĵһע⣡оӵд䲽ǹ
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ڱٴ׼֮ϮڱڶԺӣѡںء
Ϊ־ϣѾûʲôвǵֶˣʱʱһȻڵŻڵ
ֻҪǶԷľѻ֣ÿһʱ䣬ͻо١ֻǹ۲ڵоϮ֮е¡
Էǹž˵ǹȻͶ˴ıЩǹȴÿÿҵҪɱĿ꣬ǵĿ겻ߵڱͬǵĿꡣ
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ڱһȻٴο𣬵ʢѹסˡ
ʿڵϣͺչ䣬Ǹеʹʱ򣬺ıѷԼҸҪǣǵǹȷó档
ŵʿȫǹϰϱǸɣڶڻڵ֮ǴԽԽá
Ҳת˼·ǲȡͳκһãǲȡᵽһս
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רᵽһսڽѧûнʮϸȴڷľƱսʹó
ڷֻܰѵҲתҲչǵǰҲףÿǰһҪС
ӵͬʱڱģؾϣıӿԲƴ϶ѡ
ǾͲѶųɷϳˣ¸ȷʵȡЧڸʮ˵Ĵ֮Ѿ嵽ڡ
ţǰһ׵ľȴһʱȥȫʿһ֮⣬Ҳ塣
ǰܼǹʿǶţֻʮ֮ǰʿȴеͣͣ
ž￴ŷְڣʮڵʿʧأʿƾŹ
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֮󣬱һԽϻ壬ǩӣһӦȫùһ˺ܴĴۣξҪԵʱ
һȺʿѾԾ˾ƴǰ棬Хӵﲢ£һ̣ǵĶ־һֻ꣬ʬȱڡ
ǺٽȻԾоļǿѷ֮󣬵Ѿɱˡ
ܻڣ


һʮ 
ٽȻԾоļǿѷ֮󣬵Ѿɱˡ
ܻڣ
һֱĹ뿪˹ܻͶһڵХһǽҵıըǽըء
վڲװָϽװʮߺڵڵڶڹѾʼҵš
Ȼʮߺ׵ڵʮ׺ʮԵز㣬һʮٶȫѹκһŻڣΪϵǡ
Ҫκζԣڻĳֻû׳ݣƴѹڵڵһ㣬䶼һƬ𺣡
ʮŻڼһҲûܻڵķڵﶼһƬ棬ڻͨһ͵ˣתڵʱԭؼʣʲô
һڵڻһŷڻ֮бһƬͨ죬漸ϸӪʿֻһðڵҴԱӰ˹µ
һֶӵڻ֮󣬷ѾһڻսҲ𾪣Ƕû뵽ȡ˵ս
ڻУһһķڵ䱻ʮߺ׵ڵϴһ֮һĽ˷棬Ũ̹͸̣ÿپߺʬ塣
Ϊ֮սܻѷϣǻôµһ£ڻֹڱ֮ڹ
ʱɵĹѾкܶ౻򻵣ڷݶ𻵣ѷڱѾڻһжɽ
ХڳȥȥһɵҵսǼڻ֮£ж˻
ȻĳȫͬǰԾһʮףûкĲǹڿȷѾڵϣǵоƺȫѹˡ
㻹ĵоѷͶȻЩͶıˣټڱ֧ԮǼʤԼ
ٽڻڵǳ⣬תԼĲı˵սϾͽˣ˳ıĻʲôװȽϺã
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ڵ֧оеһȷʵǳǿĻǿ󣺡ٽ£ڶĵ˶ʵĻǻкܶ鷳
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̶˶ϵɳղһڻʵ̫Щһϲİ೤ˡ
ǵһμôǿڱ˵ʮȻֻڼֱǼ˼ʮȻͬʱʼ̫ҡ
һƬǼǽըһΣ˾ڵµķ֮£һܣƺֻʮʿˣȻƺҲֹͣ
ڷų˷ӿͼñϵһ̲ǵóѵġ
ս˹ǹųĵоһӵ˷ǹ
ɱɱʿǶĺܼоٴγΪɱĿꡣ
û뵽ԼļǿžȻڻ֮»ôıóٻжʮ˲ǹڼսȻڻôʧսЩ;㹻ˡ
ʵϣһڻǻԵģɵʧϸӪʧһܲμսԱֻʮѣлʮȻڡ
Ȼǹ뿪˹չ˵ŶֻȻ䣬ʱתƵбȥڲд¼ܺȻڡ
ǰףڱԼһţ
ǰȻڵٷﵽ˼ޣͣپͷڵܼγڵһ巢Ȼڵǰ˲ء
խĶķɵĵƬһڻ󣬼֮һԱˣĲǹҲв
ǼֱǷˣӵʿųܼǰĽ⵽˶ػɱ
ĸоƺѷǴ˻ƣÿʱÿ̶ڸŵܣһ԰߷ӵȥĵǹơ
սУǵܷＫÿÿҪͻǺһ񵯰ҳȥ
ս֮󣬷ԼܼβʺսȻӵкܴıӵڼش²Ӹ޷չ˺ɱĿꡣ
ǵȻҲ˺СֻҪˣƴսһߣǵʿˣͲܲμӽһĳ
Խ壬˾ԽԽ࣬ǼĽѵǱûһڻ
һЩ˵ĺʿһҲǿʹſǽϣӲǲμⳡ֮С
ʱĽս֮󣬺ʮȫʧȥսǵر֮£Ӳû취ԵǣԽԽ
ٽֻٴʹɱﵣܻڣٴȫоĺȫ顣
ոշ˰ʮڵܻڣʼֻǵһ׼ʱȻ¡
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⻹ǿǵԼĲĿ׾ϵڱǣɱͻĵбʾ͸ˡ
磡˵ȻװӵٴþѻѰĿ꣬Ķţв˿¡
һƵͬڣֻרְȴһ֣Լڴһô֮ϣôïʢʵʩԼɱ
װ˵õģһϸѡľѻһѽԭľѻǹϣɱһһĿꡣ
ȻûзĿΪֹѾһξξսͨʿǾһ򻹶ˡ
˷ܵٴΰѾѻ׼һµľ٣Ȼ˰
磡ֱӵˣߵʿѪȾˡ
֧ӽһѻ֣Լ
̵ѹȴԵԽԽȻһһεش˷ĹԼţԼȻܸɵһ㡣
ѷԽԽ󣬶ĳһһڼصʿȻں;ѻ֣Լֻжʮ塢֮ǼѾȫ޷սԱˡ
ȴսۼһоϳ壬е񵯣
ʮ֮˳ȥӵо˲٣ͷشܣȴתȥɣֵұ߳ˡ
ֻһ̣ȴʮϲؿѾ˳һȥˡ
ղŵγʧͬ޴Ǵû뵽ȻôǿĵоÿӶܴӼһˡ
ȴԭȴǵָԱ̫ƻңò׼ȴǵľٺʿٴսһʼǺصչ˶ӶһЩξʿָսʿٶӡ
֮⣬ǵڱҲ׼һֵڻԺˣǵڱٴοʼֻǸոտڣѾһá
ȻǳЩڰڵȥķͷϣƺСġ
֪Լ֧СѾ;ĲӣȴԮ
°ٽɫͬţԼΪֹͶĸӺʹڣӽӲòºһӾصء
òϣػصϣǸӰռƻӺĺչڲԵִսλ˰ɣ
˳ʹ
ϸӪڻʹϿƮţ֧ӵѾռԽҪĽ
ƵɫǳѿӲǵ͹Խ˲һĳ̶ȣ¾ȻľԼſʼ˳ǣѾȻˡ
ѷΪս˳ʹʱЭ˵һӦѾתܣڶܳȥˡ
ʹץЩ󳼺ͰϹȻЩ²ԸˣҪһȴˡ
ĿǰΪֹץٷ²ȻƷͣ˵˵ĴȣȴСèСֻѡ
Ů̫ǿ޿䣬ûƽʱӦԣƴѯǹʹǵ䣬Ҳ֪˵Щʲô
˳ǹ¡¡սûƾͰѰɳȥ֧Ԯץʱ䣬Ҫץ㹻Ĵ㣬ʵЮļƻ
ڶ˳ȫϹȻרо⣬ٵʱŷԼ֪
ʱʣˡ


һʮ ڲؿ
ϸӪԶ󷽵ǹʱз˶һⳡսڽˡ
ԴɫԺǻǵһǿҵĵֶֿӺǲʧʧѾٶˣ˼ٷڵǾȻҪӴӺ󷽹ܽս
ˣ°ηԶ˵ⳡսˣ
һȺıҲڵͷⳡսˣȥսô˳ĵоһѾԶԸˣοǵоĴ󲿶ӣһͨٲμӹֽźͺڵս˵Ŀ˵ҼĺûôӦϸӪõһӡ
Ĺƺʵʲֻ࣬һ̣ٽѾ˹ǹ
óǹһ߰ʽĲǹ֮⣬һּĲǹǾµ˹ǹ
ǵ˵Ԯ
ڼصϸӪʿ򷢳һû뵽Ԯô죬ʿΪ֮һ졣
ܴ죬Լڱڻеһжʹ࣬оԮĵ֪ⳡսʱ䲻ܽ
ǹܼһӣ̵ȵҪԮֻʿŵܣŲɫľװͷǺˣ
һ˶ã
̵¶ЦݣǵѾܾˣ
ǵĺ󷽣ǹڼţһõ뷨һս֮γ˶š
һ׼ķѸٵؽİţǲμսȴǸιȴ̼ǿŴ˵ǲ
°Ǽιܴ죬ʵûǲμǸӺػأʮˣѾʮƣ͵ʵһδػأƣ֮ƵϸӪصĺ󷽣׼ǵĺ󱳹
ĹŵĲͬǵסģڣǵıԮİš
ǵо
ǿ˷˵ĺ㣬Ȼһӵ˹һ䣬ù񺿣һӾ˶ʮˣӦ֮˫γ˶š
ǼսԮѰʿԮʿԮ˵Ķʮ㡣

Ƶȴʮѿ
оҾ׷֮ΪˣȻ˼Ѳȴûлκмֵս
ȥİȻûнһĽȥһǿͶսʣµĲҪżʮ˳ǡ
ܷκδ֪һ£뾡УûκԮͲеһжԼ
ϸӪûзɢǼ˼λڳһмֵĴҵһλүõµһλ塣
ϸ˽֮ƻǷҪֲλ뷨үԽϿ˵÷γɣԼ¡Խ׾ǷѼԷ˿׵ҵ׵ͬۡ
ûӳЭ͵ۺ˵ȴʱɱЯų͢ӡţõԽϵĳϣ齨һѷȴԷ˵͹
ԤץЭ͵ۻ˵ҪȻʹ˳˳ͷ˾ôȥȴʧˡ
ҵôһʵŵĴȻ齨һԽȨͷչ־սñ߹Ա򷨹ȥ¸
õֶӣΪӣǳӣõ֮ʣگ֮ԲӦʵۣƣ䣬֮һ곤ۣ֮Ϊʡ
˵ΪȨ˳ͻֻʵ۾ͱλЭ͵ۣҲá
ƵϣԴһŵʿϵµãһ·ߴţ㣡㣡
Ⱥɫʿɱڵһ·ǰ壬һ·Ĵ֮ϣ׷˱ܣȴʮֽƣҪ죡
ʱ˴еѾá
̧ͷһȴԼһųѾȸϵãһȴֻ˵֧ӳþԾˡ
˵˳˳ǰ´һɱϵ۶ǲʲôãǻЭ͵۸ɱˡ
ֻ䵽˼㣬֪Լ뱣ǿʵȻԶǧ֮⣬ڵо̳Ըɾ
ת˵ȥңһҪҵмֵ
ڰСʱ֮ԽȻǰݹصӦԤڶβϤΪֹֻҵȻǰСèСǿö࣬ϵ̨档
ֻǿЩǴ̨ģ˶ҪѳϵһƱҵһĶС
ҵǵλѾ뿪ٳܾõģǵǻУǾܵġ
ô˳ڣôҵõ
Լռ˳֮⣬̫ĸ뼯бȥԮţбͶ˳ȥȻز㡣
ֻڻʹһңҵõ˾У㲻үҲС
ʮ֮ȴЧ˵̫ܵ죬ʲôҲûи
ƵصȴŽͬʱǹڼҧҧɳ˰ŵԮ⼸ˡ
Ȱ
һ첽ɱϲ˵ҵˣҵˣ˿ˡ
дϲ⣬˵ģģȥ
ĲֻèҪܲˣǣʲôǶϴӦ
ǸҲϲҲ˵ˣֻҪǿϰæʲôᡣ
Ǹȵĸоڼ֮ȴһʧˣľɫȴһʧˣŮˣ
ûվҪ̸ǸŮˣǸǳŮˣÿ˵Ǹ
ǣǣֲ߲ݣһطõµӣ
ƿûʲôϧ黳ֻ˵һ䣺Ů˵ʲôң
ȴһֹŵ˳ȣΪƵĻλ˵ֻҪϰｫĻʲô鶼̸ʲôû⡣
ǸŮˣƺ˵Ҫҵһʵ󳼡
ȻʵӣȷǳݣҰﲻϽæЩؽ֪ġ
ϸϸһ룺ܰϸӪĴæ˵ˣʲô¶̡
ϸ˵Ǳ廯ʿѾˣҲ֪ҪĳҪЮ
ƵҵΪ
ЦһֻЦҲ֮Ǹһ˿ֻϧЭ͵۱ɽ˱˳̲ܵóѰ
ϹҽһнʵɰܣпϳĴҲ֮أЩõ´飬Ǽмأǧˣɽɶɶ޸֮ľԴ֮ˮаսӢ졣
ƿɾŭˣɲŮ˷ϻģл˵
Ҳܸɴࣺܵ÷˼գ
¾ͷѣ˵ԮԴԴϣ˳֧漣ˡ
û˵Ĭ˵ܶԱ˳֮Ҳлˮ£ЩвǸˣǽüһݺ񡣡
ʲô񣿡֪ѾϷˣҪʲôƺϸӪһԳУıǡ
ҵȽˣȻ乬ֻ޼ڻʵ֮ң֮졣˵һּζҲ飬ֻŹͳǲӢۣʧ£ⷬؿȡ֮
Ҫʲô
һתȴһȺɫŮӣһ£ԼĪˣһӶӿ˳ʧ£ϸӪԵ𶦣Ը׷Ԫ˧ٳɵҵ
˵ţѾȡдõگּѾΪ±Ԫ˧챱һֻȴüͷ
Ǹ⼸ŮȴرߵĴ󸺵οƺﲻʲôæ
˼֮ʣȴ˵˵
˵
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Խô꣬˵ǺԽϵĲ
ԴӱӢܣ֮Խ⻼Ĳ״һ첻һ졣
1861꣬õͰ䲼Ǯ1864꣬Ͱ䲼߿ɵʹͻסʿͷΣͻΪ˽
1862ʡͬʱ򷨾⳥İԪʮ곥壬1865꣬ԽϻòйĹשѹǧ۳ʮܴܲÿӦ⳥һ룬õֻǲԷȥ߼㻹ʣµʡ¡ͺʡĲֿ⣬Ҳֻҵ߰ٶʮƽǧٶʮһԪƸţǷǲֿȴǿռʣµʡ
ôӵĲ״һʼûпǵһ㣬ϾЩǦǮͲˣһô˵ƾһϲá
ѵõôһֻȥǮҲ㹻ˡ
ѯʵ
Ҫ׷Ԫ˧ĳ״ɾͲѫҵľɫǣһ̱˾
ͳӦˣƼλתеѸҺǶ䣬Υԣ׺䶥
Ȼ˹ϸӪжͱ˳ˣǵһʱУץһЩ֮⣬ڹ֮л˼˳ĸ̣ȥάóбþȻ
˶ڷ˵Ĺ£֧ߵģֻҪڳһ죬еףǶʵûκοܵ˼
ڳսһֱţǧ˵ıȴĵֿάԭʼսߣ˫ܴ
Ĵ֮£Żʳȥڲؿڡ
һعܿ쵽һƽʮԽʿǹ͵￴أһ˹ȵصأ˽룬߸ɱĪۣ
ǿ֧ռʳǵĺǻǴһӲ˵֮أ
ȥѾ쿪һǹеֿߣɱĪۣ
ڲؿһɢֻмͷĿ˷²λλСְϲʮ꣬ûؽѿĲ֪жٲͽ°
ǱһճµĹȴǿһЩص
жܿҵһؽѣ˰빫Ŀζʵʩƣֱըһȱڡ
ӭƺѾмʮû˽ˣƵһ˹ȥʲôء
ǰֽටĿƺ٣һ飬ȴһһ˫ߣԵЩûʣͦᣬץץЦЦ
ƾ⼸ǧӣҲЩŮ˵Ͷ״ˣ洦˿Ȼڲؿ⣬ֻЩΣѾʮʷˡ
ץһֻһЩûץһϸɫ䡣
ĳҲһֻǿ˰죬ȴ֮֮


һʮ 
Ҳѹƻʧ֣ûʲôʵȴܳһеʮǶʮһ
Խ˵ڿǷʮģһӽ˽ˣǻŸҪ⡣
ⲻǽ𶧣һһĽ𶧣·ѹźüͬĽ𶧣дţ˵һһƵĽ𶧡
ôһ𶧣ͼֵǧˣؽиĴЩƵĽ𶧡һֱûʹãֻǳؽ֮С
Ҳѹֳۻ֮֮̾ˣõ䣬ûбʹãõ𶧶ؽѡ
֪1865꣬ԽϻòйĹשѹֻǧ۳ʮܴܲÿӦ⳥һ롣
õֻǲԷȥ߼㻹ʣµʡ¡ͺʡĲֿ⣬Ҳֻҵ߰ٶʮƽǧٶʮһԪԪǾؽ֮еĲƸͲҶġ
ƽʱõ»ʵϲ˵ʵ۵Ǿԣ֮֮
źͳʵͬı̬һڷܣһܣһϲ
׶֮ʣһհǴ˵Գɻҵʱ˳ǧ֮߰ǧºͼϳֹֻʼδһģּ
˷˵ǿʵ¼ȴһҪ֤ݣǱǿƣ䣬ĵҳӣ׷ȣ֮ƺӡ
Խõµӣȴ˵ǳʵ۵֪ҵһ֮
Ȼλʮ⻼¶裬ʴڷޱȣͣȴӵһģа๬ʼδһӣӾͻһ
ܣТǦǮʡռ֮ԲγһʿԼ򵣸۵ʿ˽Ϣĵط˱꣨1866꣩³񹥴򹬵¼ʱ˳Ǻ꣬ʿǣѪ
ҵ˵ǣһ£ԽϲΪֳء
ܿƾͷ֣ϵ⶧𶧸ֵһᡣ
û뵽һڷƮҡ֮еȻôǮƣܿҵ˳۴ӻص鵽ġϲ͡²
ۺϰͲ°֮ޣҶǱθڼѾʮʷˡ
Ľ𶧺ôƵ۾һǮһĽ𶧺ôɰٶɰٶسƵǰͬݻӶŴˡ

ǻʵ۵ڲؿ⣬񸮣ݰʷأԪ꣨1819꣩£ڻʳཨڲؿ⣬Ϊ͡ҩĵ߿⣬ղصĽǮҲơ
ʮ꣨Ԫ1831꣩£Ϊ˰ȫƸԼֱӿ֮£趨طذѳϽеڲؿ⣬ڶְѺڿ޶ĳһĶڲؿ⡣ʮ£ʡѿʮ;ǧʮڴڼ䣬ĴΰؽѽѲأһһʮǧ˰ʮ
ҺͨĲȣʮʮ£֤񸮵Ǵ񸮵ʮÿҪԽʷ
֮εʮĸ߶Ѵ˺¾ѵʱ۵ļ¡һ롰񡱣ؽѣء
õڼ䣬Ҷ£⻼ؿ飬˸ز޶ʣ͵񸮣ֻһЩһʮĵͶεʱڵķپ
֮𶧵ĴڣʮƽһٶΪԽͨΡõڼ䶼ʽ𣬵һǮߵһɫ˳ɰ롣
֮⣬ζһʡ񸮵Ľ𶧲ͬȫǻʵ۵ĸС⡣
õδ꣬жٽһֱضڷ˳֮ȫûա
ǸԽʷأ1885£˵˳װ°Я˵۳ߣΪ˷ֲϻʵ۱Խ˵ۣеʮǧͭǮš£ͬԪ꣬1886꣩ưѽһ뽻Խϣǰѻ˳һֻͬۡ
ͬɳɻͬԱϣָԽǮҹǧİٶʮһʱʹõǷӣһֻ൱ƽʮһǮϰʮǧַָԽϽǮپʮһöʮһһٶʮһ
ȥǧʮʮǧеĽ𶧺һơǮңǧۺϻƽǧ
ʱۼߣһƽۺϼʮʱıȼ㣬Ҳһƽ൱ʮԴ˼ⷨȥĻƽʹžȫۺϰĻԽֻðʮǧȥһʮ
ԸԽһ˵ֻһԽϵûصĽֵֻзȥɶѣõڼĲִкܴһûн
˵۳֮ʱ;ʮһپʮÿʮǮһǧپʮöɷأҪȥڹƽʡİʮÿһʧ׷ƽ𣬹һǧ
һһ˰·ֵ²ʮŰһǧİٶʮ͡һǧŰʮϲƽʮַĻƽ˰پʮһǧİûзָԽϣԺ䲻
ʷѧΪֻͬصİʮܷﵽõʱķ֮һһܴ⡣
⼸˷˵սƷ֧зսеսѣԶάһ֧˹ģľӺܳһʱ䣬ҲΪʽǮֳص룬÷֧ڷɵľ֧
ǽԽϵİʮҲΪ˷ֲԽαȨֶ֧ΣǿԲԼǮͷֲһԷԼİȨ
ʱգһѾıˡ
֪ǰһѾǷˣһֳ׵ķ
˳ȥľܻҵҪŪж١
ĿǰĹڶʵϳڻصõɰĻԼİҨDDһڼһʮıȼۡ
ֽ֮УȴһС
ֵİĽԼȱ㹻ߡ
İֻһֻ֣ĻǾһֲĵλ
ʮİͻƽ𣬶ҩضƾ֧ӵͣÿһҲҪ400Ļƽ
˳ֻοôĽоĵӣҪŲᶨЯǱӵĿܡ
ֻǿһ۳ۺǣȻ˵ǵԶأ
īڵ˵ûҵκ˲ý
һܰ쵽ѵ

ҹ֮£°ٽԵʮơ
Ĵǿ谭ٴͶܻڣȻܵѻֵľɱ
ǸԼϵľѻʵ̫ˣֱһѾѻǹѹڱ̫ܵɱòˡ
оͶԮҲⳡսüȻͶıһţͶţŵıڷȴӡ
ĸӣ
°ٽ߷߲ƽʲôʱйĸӾܵסһǧһ졣
ⳡսȷȷʵʵڵģٽµǰ
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׼ҹϮ𣿡һı°ν飺ҪԼĴ̵ǡ
ٽ·߷߲ƽ˵ЩйǲǸƳɵģǵҹϮЩһʿȫá
ıĽ飬ҹеĲųӣŴ̵ŵĺ棬⡣
ǰ֧оǶǿԼǸǿսʤǡ
ѾˣںҹָӴ󲿶ҹϮһ˼ѵ飬Ӻпڶ̶̵;ʧȥ磬Ϊս⵽
ͬɳǰȥɧţǾڵڶĽϡ
Ѿ֧ӵǿָӹ٣ڽͬһĵϵ
ǸԼϵľѻĸ磬һϸӪͳŲдľʮʿ
ҹϸӪ˵õڻʿǽװӵһЩµʿھŷڹ£ڻʶеǲ
ΣյģԮ˾ʮףǱеĵ׶ϣһܼĵ
һЩϵĲǩȲǰŸ÷۵壬Щ¹Ź£ҹŲдĲʮʿ⣬˶æµš
ֵҵǣʬԱѾ˻˳ȥڳ۵ĺϸӪܿһвǼľϹˡ
Щ׶֮ʵйˣȻԽѾɹʱ䣬кܶ˶ԼǵϸӪٵʱ򣬻ŲԸμηǳΣյж
ǽȥô죿̶ûһ쵲ס˷һѾǷǳҵ顣
̫ˣԱӲսҲֻоʮˣڻ֮£ѻٻ롣
Ȼʮ˳սʮ˸ӵʧ÷ϣǽǰеƶȥɲôˡ
鷳֧ӵıǮ̫СˣϵĲȻ֧ӱٱһˣһ˽ӽ֮һ
취ѾϤ˺սǿȹĻͲ룬Լ뷨Ҫ֧ԮһҲãȻһʧء
ΪֵĹ°¶˸ľģ죬ҪеĲѹϣйĸסǵĸӣǻ㹻ı
ȥ֮⣬ѼսȥҪԱ֮⣬ȫԱˣȻӵһǧʿ֮⣬֧Ԯ
˳һκܽĺ·ȥһڽȥ֧ԮҪһӪԮǰǺ½սӶû⡣
ֻҪһӪԮ
սڣ˫˽˵о°ѾǰμսĵоںʷҲսǿһӪϸӪ
Ϊ˹˳һ֧ӣ֧ӴԼӵǿĲӪÿӪɣԼսĵоеӪ
ĴԼԼռ˳ǵıԶԶѷӶά˳ΰ޷μӵߵս
ǰĸһս֮󣬴Լֻʣһ벻ıԱǵͷ൱һμĹɵо˳Ĵžͳѷˡ
ǽ콫Ҫǧڵʿµľٺʿ⽫ʷΰһս
һҹ֮󣬷ͬһĻ


һʮ 
°κôʤⳡսǾǸıĻڣڵ
ҾܲĽڣˣʮ׵ڵʮ׵ڣй뿪˹ڣͬһӦ㱸ڵҲȫȻûǧڵôţҲǧͷ
Ǵǰڵǹڱܼȷغַ
ΪؾҲ˲ӭԮһӴŲɫװʿһ˷ܻ̿׼μս
ϲ֮ȴĿԮӵָӹʵȫԮ
ȫԮϣã೤˵ʱʮ;ڹʮ
ֻ˵ǹᡣ
ѾԮ֮зûмӰǲɫľװʱƳɵģϸӪı׼װͬǵһ
ﵹǻжսеԱʣģֻȫװƺҲɲóῪǹʿֻܵʹá
ʮʿУϱʵֻа࣬඼˳ոļʿǶӵйѪͳͺᣬûฺ̫
ٳ֮ǰÿ˶㹻İҷѣǻǵһοôͭǮɵɵͭǮʹϸӪ﷢ǣҲԼ˺
ƵĳŵֻҪǴսͿѡۣٴӺõʮĴǮΪҷѣһμѼΣյȻӲͷƤˡ
ͬû̫õİ취ı㣬ֻ͵ļԱЩԽϱԱôս£ôҲܴո
οǸ೤ЦŶ˵ˣÿ˶Ὺǹڸղŵĺ̲ϣԴǽһβǹһϰÿ˶ʮӵ
֮ҲֻٽЩ򵥵ĶҲֻ˵ǵŸȱ룬ǲܿǹҲܰæڸ֮ࡣ
ϱһ±ֻʵսѵǵսˣοûǳ棬ʮ±ļ
ոհһ¶ողʼǵĺ
һǵĻǷˣʮźŸںХչѹƣٴһƬ𺣣Ļ֮кܶ෿ݱըɷ棬ԶԶȥÿкüʿΪڻŵõܡ
ڻЧ⣬ֻǲ֪Ǽܶڻʿļ±ʿڻĬĬţʱ׼ս
Щ¶Ĵ棬ֻõضɽҡ඼ţǳ˶ڷ֮Уʲôɲˡ
Щ͵͵ڿţ˾ϵˣ֪ɺˣҲܷˣϱڻоǣϸӪľװ̷˴һ̵úô򣬸ŷǹǡ
ڻ˳ǸԼϵľѻһԼͷһŴϣïʢ֦ѻǹĴĿꡣ
ҲõķأڱȻ󳷣ЧΧ֮ڣʱʱӵÿһӣͻڱ۲ԱֻǾٸˡ
ڷУĵֿˣѾȫݻ٣ûڻȥ
Щμӹսϱȴҵڻȫݻٵĵо
ս֮󣬷ҲͬӦսǲΪ֯һʮһȺһ飬𲨳ؾ𹥻
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ǵĹģؾһӦ˲ʹϲ๥˴䣬ǽȥսԵΪҡ
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ѧϰ˿ȻϤҲ˷˺ܴвϱĴ֮£ѧôڻ޸£Ȼǵȶпܻڶ£Ǽŵѧһս
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˫սչԽǰսԽѣҲԽԽؾȻֻһʮıǹĹȴеǿرõĵ÷Կ
ǹ°κĵͶ㹻ĺ󱸱԰ѵĵоꡣ

æµ׼һУǰ߿սĵ֣ȷʵû̫ľȥ˼ǡ
ǰȥԮĲһڳڵĸҲļһ±ⶼͨȹĹϵмģǵ˳Ĵ󻧣ͨϵټػͻ̵һԵԴܹļ˶ʮˡ
ִ֮䣬ҲֻмʮˣԮʮ֮⣬ıԱڽнŵѵ
ǱһЭϸӪһͬάųڵ򣬲׼һʣ׼ѻʳ֮ڵȫߡ
һԱʮʿһЩϱһӦļʱȥ֧Ԯս
˵ǣһҹ㣬лҪһЩҤȻҪεĶʮʱڣʮʱ䲢ʢƵҶ֮ʣλʵ۵ѹαʵ̫ǿˡ
ڶ̶̵Ķʮʱ֮ڣԽĹ֮ѹγĲƸʷļزİʹϣƽвڡ
ôĲƸҪ൱ʹ÷ӱȻ֮ߣʱһСʱͿܰѰӾɽҰ֮ȥˡ
Ϊ˺óżʮͭԪһǮһ߾ߣֻֽ֮ܵõٵ
ֻȻĴ˳طȴޣҿ˵ʳιϺˮ˱׼п;οڵֻ߻ƽ
İۿֻһС֣ͭԪͰǦǮ㣬ѾΪʵķá
һ˵ȥЩǵϸӪĽǡ
ǱҲæ棺ֻҪԸļǮ
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ȻûеõڼιʳƱҵİ취
˽֮⣬ҪߣϾ˳ǿɲܰһˣۿָҪһ˳ʳĻҵߡ
ⲿֳĵ֮в鵽˹ĵ֮⣬һЩҪҲҪһУļҾ졣
ʿҪƽһͬУǼѰ飬һ·ϵĸׯôܳôĹӦǲһǱˡ
ֻǺܿ죬ƾ뵽˰취뵽˵һӡ
սſᵽķӣΪн̲ģûָ˭ô쿪
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֮ƾʿЯʣ޷ĴػأڹضĲıʵһ쿪뷨Ǳţ
ţǷۻֻҪι˲Ϻˮ֮󣬾Ϳ첻ʳţɭֵشÿСʱн˵죬ضʿͿ԰ţɱ˵ʳʹá
ǹضıYYȫûппܷıʣһʵʩǵڶսۡ
ȴڵ֮£ƺпԣ˳Ȼ˳ˮţȴ⡣
ԽϱˮţҪأţظǿУһţ൱ˣҸҪǣˮţڰ·ʧҲ󣬱Ͼ·ȥԽϵĴׯˮţܷ㡣
ƻΨһȱǱҪôţ׼Ӱߵũҵİǰһж΢
֮⣬ΪԼȡһʱ䡣
Ǽһ㣬ľġ

֮ǰķһȿʤϣһս֮˫Ȳ⣬һȹռķ֮һĴ䣬ѹؾ
֮󣬺ͶһӪսýȻͬ޴ӪƺܿĴˡ
սڽš
˵ѵʱ϶±ս֮ȻȻ޷һʱӦսҲָ֮µıһγ
ֻһСʱָ֮µıֻصһʮı׼󲿷ϱ±սϴ֮Ҳȳɳˡ
ӵȴټһܳˡ


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ߡ
ɽҰǷǳıǴ޾Ļǰ֮Ұ⸽Ĵһϴ塣
ġԽϹپһһεشﾭһһս֮ЩͱҲ̣ҵһɫľȻˡ
ҶȻɽ֮ϣһߵǣӣһ˵ˣһ͵ˡ
Ҷ⼸һӵ·̶߹ˣǵĶ൱Ӵ󣬳һ֮󣬻żʵܡ
ĺӪͻӪֽӪټϴʮ޹һӪԼϸӪһױԼڸزӣμѵĽж
Ƕ̫ԭʡĽգǺѵһ£̫ԭʡڿפв̻ܴвܣҪ̫ԭʡԽԱںҲûкøС
֧ģ൱ӴĶнɽҰ֮Уͼƾ̫ԭʡΪԼεʹһľ仰
ϣڿһĳɰϸڣƾıʰ̫ԭʡԽؾǲ⣬鷳
ԽԱתλսô죿פ̫ԭô죿һжͷʹ⡣
һòӵǰͣҶԳߵһ٣̫ԭдıûУ
ûǴıЩȴʾһֲмһˣ˵Щ̫ԭ¸Ӫͷ·ϵӣҲ¡
ڼκͷĴս֮Щĵʮ㣬ЩʦӣοǱװҲҪǿ
ҶЩֻطһĳϵӶһж˳ԼӵӪĺ󲿶Ϊܣһж˼򵥡
Ԥ뵽ûг֣ԽϹԱҪȡȴԼ棬µȨܹ֮лø档
˳ǲرģǳߵĹԱҲеԼСŵ棬ֻ̫ԭԽϹԱǿңҪҶԲ̤̫ԭһ
Ҷú֮ͬ󣬵̫ԭʡĻӻԮ
ڽոʡԽϾҲԸսȻսܵ£ֵˮƽĽ֮Уϲóġ
ҶԺ͸ʡִģǹڸʡپӵϣȵʾÿʡٱʮǧĴƣںָ֮½иı࣬ʡӪСʡһӪ
Ǹʡݾڿ̣Ȼڿնܶ࣬ÿʡϵǧʵҲһǧ಻ǧǻϣܰһ
ΪϣһսǴڵļֵҶֻ˼һ˵̫ԭ£ʡܳٱսʱ㱣ٲӡ
ֻһսǱɺţ̫ԭʡжԱǧԽӪͷһĵЩ㣬¶źľǷʡ
Ǻ٣ȴӪڵȻվߣҶˣǻǰǶԴֻоη֮ģǻ󵱼ңȻˮǴߣˣ̫ԭȻҪǵĵ̣͵øɴһЩ
Ӷȫװʱ׼սЯһٹըҩ׼ըǽ֮ãһҶԶⳡͻǰԿá
ֻǰֵӰһӽǵо𣿡
Сģʿӵţʱ׼սǲʱдϢ̫ԭʹߡ
ǣǰҶԵĵƺһ̫ԭѲҺ֮ǰӭұô̵ؾ
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ǲԼЧҵʲôʳֻΪԼĵλǣϸӪһǳõѡ
̫ԭʡĹԱȻ˲ʱرǺȡԷȫʤ֮󣬻ЩսµĲӵֵҶҲֱֻܺӽˡ
ֻǱѶʿȴ˵ϲ£Ǵϲ£
ôˣҶԸ˷ͬǽ̫ԭˣ
ǵ£ѹᷨ˵һӦ̰پְѴʡϳǰ֧Ԯ
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ǾöԿǾ޶ʤ㣬ҺβͬǻǰѾԽȫǲɢԱԱȻԴӪࡣ
ÿʡһӪԽҸݴϢϺӪпܣ̫ԭʡƽʱı޼һǰҶǵľɽʷн顣
Щ˶̫ԭˣµԽ֮²ǰ;ˣսҲֻѷ⣬֮С
Щв໥һϣܿźĻ̫ԭڷ䣬ȻͶҪʡļȥ
ЩȻϣ˫Զ֮УֻҲͶͶ״
̫ԭһӦԱͶǵ֮⣬ɱ󷽱ƺ󣬶Ҳͬʡúճ
˽һ֮ҶԴǿߣ
ֶ˵һ䣺̸֮ʱǿһЩȻ˵ǳ档
ǺԽĵһγͻ

վڴͼǰָϷ˳˵Ӧ֧ӵˣ
һıٵ˵ӦѾ߾ˡ
ûߵ磬ʱҪһ֧ӵǷǳѵ飬˳սһ֪
ֻܰȵսԤɳһӦ֧ӣӦ֧ӽһ·Ͻһֱ߾ڣȻԤĽӦصȺ֧ӵĵ
ڽӦ֧ӵı󣬻ǿŷֱź󳷵Ҫ㣬ȻСֻҪǿɵʰһԽϲӡ
ֻǽӦ֧ӵı֧Ӳ࣬нӽʿ뿪һߣȻ֧Ǵϵλӣ嫺Ӫڻս֮ڲִٲ±ϸӪǰĲӴΪ١
ϲֻϸӪѻӪϵӪͷټ½ӪͷĸӪȻʵ󣬵ǱȴС
ֻĸӪ˺ӪҲֻӪһıԱ˵ʮӪĸӪͷ
Դ˱ʾֹۣ֧Ӻ嫺Ӫ˳ģ˵ǵľ¶Ա˵ɼһܺá
ûӪͷϸӪԱӪͷ嫺ӪͻӪһֵ÷ĵĺòӣں󷽻иӪͷԱ
һıóһݶԱԤͳ£ҲţֻǱ뵣ĵ˷ͻȻϮ
˳ַ˶ԱԤǰǿʵԭԽӵԴÿʡԶһӪֱǿơ
ôԽϸӪѾжֶַһӪܼ򵥣ھѵ֮󣬲൱ĸɲԽɢʵϸӪɼСӪһս
˵ڻ¸ܵôĴڲܷڶιΪԤһþʿ̵ӺӪѧУչԽٱѵǲܱԭнƣǱɸɲ͹Ǹɽȥ
ʱ򣬲Ѿٴηܹ׼ڵõԱļ˴ʿ֮ѻָ˻֮սǰʵ
һ˵ж׼Բӥ̬ǰߵıֻʮӪнӽ±

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ƺ֮ǰսǵжʮӵڻ֮ʹĸ𹥻ǵĹͲɵ
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˵һ仰Ŀʱ䶼ûУҿ˸ӣسŶͶ񵯣Ҫ
սڣ޿ָݣĸȫҲӲӲ֮վ˽Ÿ
һǧٷڵӲûȻÿʿͷ϶ҪʮڵͬƳɵһһһ÷޹
ǵȴΪʧܣΪرصıԱĹˣűء
ֻõһԮʮովѵ±ϱһʱԴǴһͻİŷ˳ȥ
ôһͨĴׯ÷Ӳս춼ûдջ
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ǧڵٶ˵ǻûн֧ӡ
ѾͶӪϵĲӣռ֧ȫ֮ϣټһͣǾܻȫʤ
Ϧ֮£ͬǴһĳ˳ǣ˶ƷˣԼΪԼĴ̾
Ļɲʮϱʮ±ɣЩ±ֻ˼Сʱѵ˵رս֮Уϱ֮»ս־ĻôҰս֮УӲʲôս
ڳֻʮϱʮ˱Ͳһ±ҪɹһҹȴսĽ
ǵܱڳڵĲԽĻпܻᷢ޷Ԥϵĺڳ˾ػʹһеҪݵ㡣
ưһеıǮѺˣһηЧĻʹ·ӡ
İȫװʿŵҩڴнǰǹǣսȻûн
ǵսѣǧķѾֿһһҹʱ䣬һȣǹڶǰС
ǰ̹ϸӪӲػأܿǴӲСɽϿ˵սΡ
ĵֿüΧˮйͨһһεȥǺֱܿ˻
ʮŻھһǧ֮⣬ʱźڻڱصǴԼӵıںƺǷԤӣԼһ
ǰıѾϸӪˣƸոյɽݶӣȻڣӿٶȣ׼ڻڻд̵棡
ڶвϴţȻڣӿٶȣڻд̵棡
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ƵȴȻƬ̣мʿظƵ̵棡
̵棡һظһ߳ɽ³ȥûд̵ģϹ
ǵĳŸ˳·ųûԤϵĳ棬ǵʱûиѡץеս죬ϸӪǹǰ
ƺƵȺڴ̵ָ֮£ս֮£ļ£ԥس򷨾


һʮ ʤ
˳ǹǡ
ѪԶ˳ǹڶ춯أҲŮǵҡ
һۣõ´һӣʱҲܲһ֣æŵݵӣȻ鵵
һжΪ֮գΪ֮룬⵱ϵٹ⣬ҲΪĿƣǵʱתЩȴеһ֡
ǽеһ֣ϣõһ׼ԽϵáרơܣȨڲУ֮ʣҲһȨÿ촦ųɰǧۣ󹬸
ǽ֮УǾͻ࣬ҪණҪȨ
ۣ·صõյǶʱ䣬ЩŮֵʱ֮һõ²أ۲òæڴл̫档
㿴ݣ۵ıͿԼԼ֪ܶණȻûͬͨ·ӣЩ̫ǴЭЩ΢Ȩ
ûĹ֮ͥУζѾЩӵ֮УһֶΣһֱ׼ʽǺܿ죬ֹѾȥˣǲഺ
õһܵĻʵۣκ鶼ܣ۵ʱֻһĸоȫǸоӦ˲ࡣ
֣Ķע
ֶѣǸôˣ乬ʺ
Ȩһеɷһ
ԶǹڼţеĶδнʤѾٹԱµˡ
עʷһʣʤˣܵõȨҪˡ
һˡ
۷ˣֻ졣
ȥʻûҪߵĽã

ϸӪǰ
ʿߺţͬһӲʱ򣬷ڱûʱתڿڡ
ÿĵоھŵĺ֮´ɽӿȥƺҪɵǰһеоڱѾеоӵüڱе
°ٽȴ൱򾲣Ųı˵ǵԤ֮У
ΪֹԼͶӪڴӲͻľǵĵӪ֪ʤڵһۡ
ԼģȻдıԱģϾԤں󷽡
ǰں󷽵ȫڱһЩĲӡ
Ԥ׼ӳ
ڱķرӦ⡣
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ǶˮˮʦĹٱ˵ȴһ۲۵ʤΪӪ𡣡
һ£ͶͧĻ˵һҷͧ
֪ͧѵδ˵ˮʦȻҪѹƵ˵ˮ潢ͧԵϲӷκһڵǶԲӪ
ţǰӪˮͷͳ죬ǻȥˣ

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ֱ֧˸ɴϲ̵ˮе嫺ӪĵǣгԵûУ
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ЩоĵֻսԱͶ±ȴҪǧװԱ⳵ţԼԱ
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ھͺˣÿ˵϶ϲץס骵֣С˵˳ջ񣬲Ĳ벻⣺ãôƽͳͲóˡ
ҶûˣôӱǣǸ骵ɵغܣİʮˣں󷽻ǿſҪ㣬ǹ°׷ǺһҲˡ
ϲɫһγ˳ȻûдԤĿģջ̫ˣİ㹻ʱˣôǮʲôⶼԽˡ
Ǳ߲骵һ£˵˳Щӣ
һųһ࣬ЩԱ˸֧ӵķš
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̫ˣ骻ǲ⣺ط̫ˣ˽ڣûȥץһˣǿĺ͸ɲͲץ
ϹһȻͳεıЭ͵ۺ˵ߺɽ°ν˳׼ڿߵĵٷֲһС˵һƬҡ
ֻҪһ֧ǿĲӽߣûݵͬʱļ±ڶʱץһ֧顣
ֻռʡôӪͷߵһСŲ⣡骱ƸϤߵúõĻš
Ʋ˼ݣʱȴǵһ⣺ҪɲȥǵǿĸɲȻһɽͷˡ
ף鲻ߵԭ˵ȷʵҲе߾ɽ̫Զ׳ֵڶģʱγβ󲻵⣬Щ鷳
ǺѾŸӪͷ£ʷǾ޽εһΣЩӪͷϺȥãȴû뵽ĵˡ
߷뽻һǿĸɲͳʣҲơĺĸɲֱ뱣ֶľҳϣڸɲͬһӪͷˡ
ѡòҲֻſ˫֣ˣҵһǿţһǱٳЩˣôõľ棬ǧܷŹ
ҲҾôش⣺ֻͳͷʹɣ±٣һ·˲٣ŻؼңҶЩɼϤһȥ

°ٽͬվ˳ĻʹǰԽеĺꡣ
ٶһȴˣȴ֮Ž˳ĺСαװѿⷿˡ
Ҫǹռһҵ׶ƺҲսֻ°ٽô룬ߵĲı˵Ѿͬҵļƻˣ
ǵģͳĺ½ӡ
ţ°ٽȴ뵽µĵˣĵ˵ǰῪһʯͷʱˡ
ʯͷԱâڲϵʱǲٻع󣬾򵹺âʱѾ׼వ׼һʱʰԱ¡
Աֻһʯͷѣפرĸ֮
ʷϣ°νڲٽٻعȥȫԶ½ɹظ˺âռ˺ռݵɽɵشפرһϵеʤ̨壬˵Ƿзսеʤ֧
Ѿ˲ٽٴνϢĽԭܼ򵥣ϵı㡣
˳սԼʹóϣȻһȱĽ죬ɵȷʵܲԼ˳սֱһս
Ϊ˻ȡʤҪıĻڣĵҩľѣ֪ӶԶԮ޶ģһ֧ǳǿȴڱֳزӵľš
⼮ţ֧īսżԽı֣˹°ٽѾһԼɽǵܹҪٲӡ
ʷϣʹǧӣҪǷͰˣֻа˰ԽϷǹ°ٽ֪սʤͱȥѹǡ
ǳܲκһʧܣȴ޵ĺ󱸾
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Ǿһգϣ֮ڰеĲӶ˶λȻռɽǣһԻ͵ʤʷĻԻʤıзսս֡
ǿķȡһԻ͵ʤ°ٽֻһʹѵѡ
Ǳǽⳡս
Ҳϣ̫෨ʿѪƬİء
һָӹӦȫ


һʮ Ұ
ֻǹ°βûԼƤµĳЩоڳõĵȴ֮ѾǳƣˣЩӲûйκж
úٽڸҪһЩ飬ȷ˵ӳ˳Խʵ۽̸УԹ黹˳ΪԽϳΪֳص׼õκα䶯ڹռɽĳﻮ
ͬﻭһսɽ֮սзսҪһת۵㣬ǰս޲ʤĺ˻ܣٲָܻĳɹ
עѪ׼˶꣬һؽʤʧܡ
ҹǹ֮У;׵̸ģȴǰⳡսǸԶս
˾̩ԼϸӪž˵ģӪ԰κһӪڻǰˣǻ¡
װһۣҪսҪ
˾̩ͲԸȻϲЩëȴѯʵս᲻Ӱ̵ս
ǾսˣκμѵսֻҪһھͿԻָ
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ָһ뿪ı־ʰǡ
˾̩һʱ䷴Ӧ
ҶҲȤսһǧˡ
ڻ¸൱ǿ־ǱͨսҪǿҸ鷳ǣǵı࣬һǧʿκһӪҪ
Ҫǽɻ񣡡
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սüѣĽǳ¸ҵĹȡ൱սǰӪﵽʮ֮࣬Ӫ൱
Ȼ߰ˣǺȴûץһ²ûнɵһѲǹǷʧʮѲǹ˼ӵͼٷڵ
ĴսںʷϻǵһΣϸ˵һãûʲôɻ
ս֮УȻȡͬսǽȫ𣬷ûʲôɻ񣬾Ǽʶõ
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ǽԱӪһǧʿ˾ģǵĿǸɴؽЩȫ𡣡
һǧǴɻˣͬսԽԽǿ²ʿ׷֮⣬пԲӪ档
ҪǣʮĶԹƺҲһˣӦԶʷĳϡ

ͬҹɫ֮¡
ѾĲŴӰ跢ĵ籨װĲҷǳҸΪиΪҪʹãڽӵ籨֮󣬾׼عƽ°Ͻ
Ǻĵģٽɫĵģľ˵ҵĽǣ콫ǹͬսһһ졣
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˾ȫǰٳȻЩȱ㣬һɰĺ÷ˡ
ǿԸһһ˵ǱУս۵Ӣ۽Ͱ͵˵ǿһʤԽϷ۵ľ
ֹͬҲһʤһη۵ֻӦС˵Ϸ֮С
άҵУһܺõС˵ңֻһˣٽڵ֪ԼְϢ֮󣬱ƽʱΪ侲ҪǱԼͬʱ̶ȵĵˡ
֪ڻͬʱ϶ԮĲӣµ˾һξܴս֡
ڿʼѾ˼ļƻһ˵ְʼж
ǽǻ

Ȼ˵ս˭û֧йɵĲӵϵŵԣŵԵıضǱѡ
֧ĴӶάʿڶγսĽ죬ǵĵλѾǿпޣâԱӦһ¾͡
ǲܵ飬Щάȫʿڲ˵ļƻǿûٵȥ
Ǳй˼ô죿һıСĵ⣺Я䲽ǹ
ٽЦˣǵָӹΣϣΣʹ޺ʹ޵˰
ԼӦôоְ֮󣬲ѾһȦӣǽû󲿶жźһʱϹģȲϹ
תֳűУ˵Ԯ˵ҩ֮⣬ǻҪ񸸣񸸡
УӦŵΪôŵԣ
ڻڳʼҳڷ棬ʼ뷨վͬһ֮£ҡٽ͹ָӹǳŵ
࣬жӣŲѵʾǽΪֳزӵмᣬϣһá
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ÿ˶µĲӳΪһٵľ٣һͨбҲõΡ֪Լ֮µ˾ٲ֮⣬ֳصÿһʡÿһÿһضҪЧڷĵطӣǽΪЩӵָӹ١
ڷľƣֳ˺ѽһ٣ҲţǵУܶ˶ͳһǼӵ٣ûнɾٵ;
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һû˼õǰЩĴļ֮ͽҰְ֣װĸס
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ڿ֮УУһ̬ȿǣЩйˡ
йܱԼ淨ҲʱпܱѷתͶȥֻҪܸǸ档

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ƾµĵȻǺԵʵģԼױӪ֮⣬ӵһ֧װ
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ִżȶļƻĽͬʱһ֧ģĴķŢǰţ̽ŵо
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䱸ٲǹ־̹ٵѵӦѹ
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ں󷽣һ֧ģܴķԽϲڽж֧ʮ׻ں;ʮ׵Ļڡ
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ͬʱٽҲ´ǵǷǾܶһЩˣԻرľ޴
˵ϣǹĵطһ׼ľ񣺡¾


һʮ 
ǰǹüܿɽƣһƬ˫ϡ
սһֱûзǵǳʱ򣬾һǰƣںԶǾ춯صɱ
һŻڷäĿԭĬʿһӾжھѥཬڱ˲ӵǰ棬ǺܿͱԽȥ
ڻǴԼһǧףоҪӾͿԵִֱͶһӪټŻڣͼҪ̶ȵɱˡ
ǰɱţÿһӶüҵıըսļҳ̶ȣƺǰеڵеڱغŻ
ԶУռһͼϱʶ˴䣬սܿͿҶ졣
ԶҶ죬źͶ˴Լŵıֻһҫۡ
ȻںҲкܶಿǴҶģƬҶֻսϵĴҪ֣ϸӪĲӡ
ֻţɫȴǴƬҶӪǺǿϵһӪһֲõԤС
ںڣԽϲӾսǰ׻𣬶ǰȥԮĲҲڻڵĺ֮˲أԶҲˡ
ڱٶȣ
ڱУ֮£Ÿչ׼ڻǰ˺ǻ˼Ȼڵ
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ںڸϮţ˳ǵĻʿ䵽ˣǼȱһǹеּȱȻںȻڵ
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ıֻץϵ⣬սһǰ߾ٲ٣ųӪˣһɽ֪ѹôĹģû˰æ
Ѿϰٷ飬ǻҪЩơ
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ڷۺɫĴ֮ϣһϷոյյ㡣
ɵؿͷϣɯŮһȥֻ˶̴֣ոŵĿ°ιȥֻֿвҡţҺϵذ˵ء
ȥȴһԺؼסͷһֺѵĸоϲָо
ȻһˬĽļϿҧţس鶯ţŮһ֪Լںδ
ˡϹˡ

ڳõⲯ֮ɯŮڴϣСĵţȴһǣ̰ȡĶ衣
˳β֪ȤŮ࣬оȡ
ղŵమǺҲ࣬ŮһڣȻ˵ѹҲܴɣ
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ͬѹʱҪŷ˵ֻܹҪһЩȻںͲǹѣֻȴ컨塣
˵ǶǷˣʲôͨģȻ˵ЩѣҾܶظһЩ֧Ԯǰõġ
˵ǴʤһۣǻǲǸȥȥչ񣿡
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ѾʮһѮɽܹսУѷĲͽͧҪʮڵĺ˨DDѾһˡ
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Ϊǵ⣬Ҫһʿ
Ѿʵˣ°βܸıʲôֻǴ˵ǽִԭļƻ

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ʵϣκһ⽨Żʵ۸˱봦Ϣ⣬֮ԵøҪ
峯ԸһĶԲ߾ʵʩƣ˵ǿƻʵ۴۵ĵÿϱ۴ԼڰʮһٶʮңȨֱʵԱһֱޣõֱʵȨسһ־
һٷҵ֮УͬŴϢ幬־ǣ֪ˡ
Сĸף΢һЩس٣ĳЩ˵л㼯֮Уõֻжʮݡ
֮£ʵ۸޷˽⵽ҪϢȴմæµ֮Уʹʵÿ峿Ͳμνġ𡱣õ൵κԭμ糯
ȴϲйִƣȻһƴ⣬ǲȫһ˶תйУȴ⡣
ǵ֮ЧһӾ͸˳ɵطڼٷļУһЩǲҪֱӹ뵵ģһЩֱתزŵģЩҪֱӻܵġ
Ĺףÿ춼Щļһݡÿ㼯ռľܲϽлܣֱӽ
ÿ㼯Ļϣǻдһ࣬ȴɾһеĲϣֻҡƾܲģıͬдսܱȲϽοһЩ̫ϸĲϻᵽһ
һ̫ΪɣһִҪȨƽƾ£γȨֹһæµ
ѩǷЧʵǴԼڰ칫չһϷ
칫ûҾشŹģʱһ֮ǻᵽԺϢһЩﲻл԰ͲݵءˮأһСͼݺͿϢңڿｨһڵСӾݣǺҡ
ѩԼѾͷˣȴڴһ⹫ģ۾ܶһʱͰļ鵵Ȼжϳļֵ
൵װļ׼ڵֱҪʹõʱóԼĸңÿҶռһ󷿼䡣
ڿһ֮дԼǡͳġǡתıһŮӻŸ˵Ĺ
˵һĹ˳һֱûʵֵȨ룬Լļʵˣž˵ȨȨдһЩԵ顣
칫ȨܹеҪԣҲǳãɣǰ;⣬˳ʹġ
뵽⣬˳ǦԼĹʼд˼֣ŷֵĿǰΪֹĶˡ
Щįˣȴ˽ѩȹ˳ȥˣ
ˣ˸һЦһǣŽѩ֣ãûʲô⡣
ᣬҲ˳ʲô꣬ȴҸԴϲһУٷǽɻսƷ˧ϣһŮӰҪԴĹĶ˹ȥ
ԶȰ෭һ飬淴ӳϢңʲôĶУ۵ԽϹԱĶ̬ǱĲдԺԺõҪ˽ʱ򻹻дϼ
Ҫ֪ѩԭʼļ͵һжƽشҪҪļһѯǵһ߰Ѳܽ
ļʱ䲢࣬һСʱ֮˹Ƿս룺뷨ǲ˾ս⣬ͼ𷨾һӪ˲ð
û֪ⲻԵʱ򣬵ǽѩһ䣺Ϊʲô
ҵǵž⣬˻⣬ôһжҡ
Щ£Ϊʲôɽ֮ۻҪ³Ϊзսǰйӽڽʧһؽ㣬ԭܼ򵥣ǾǸ
ڱߣⲻ֣һܹǧƵľӣһ˳ɽֻӼá
ʱգٵΪһЩĹҵɽڣȻмƻ⡢ʤȵǨһ֣һ뿪ɽĲҪ½һ롣
ΪѴֻܼصģ뷨ɽͻһ߰ʿɲǰɽóȥ
ǱѾϸ˵һСӪλɽһһǧһʮٱ
ţ֪ÿЩŮӶҪϵ֣ıǶ٣
Ϸ溬ڣһǧİʮΪǧʮˣѸıԽδıϵԽΪǧ߰
ǺȫˣЩֶԼԺʱܱӿͷսĲӶеɽˣ󷽲Ӷ֮ڻܵˣ
սֻӪŰٶʮȫ˵ǶԸܷӶս
ȥڣЩǹ
ѩͷĻ¼Ѿеļϣãͦ죬ȻҪƳٳˡ
ţţⷹŪ˼زˡ
СϸϣЩͬôչˣοϸӪû˳ôأֻҪԵÿģһֱӼǡ
ѩһСڵسţⷹһ߾ض
ﲻͬǿһֱߵŮˣ˶ͬһ÷
һɫȹӣ˿⣺£εıûаգ
ŮӶͬ⣬ǿɲôҸӾôʧˣ룬ȴЦˣǣҲɱﵣȻҿܻͬƵ
ʲôɱﵣ


һʮһ ˵ְ
Ц֪ⲻԼ֪Ļܣͷȥ
ϵտǢ˼ڷۼҪˣǱ߳ԼҪ󣺡̫٣æܲٸ
۸Ĺǵ˳İڷĻҵзֵģִ˲ƣÿ춼̨ڳϼСʱľѰԼĿ֡
ϲһݹȨû̫׷ֻôҸعӣͬһ㣬ȥ䵱һͼ뵵ݵĹԱŽҸ
ȻڳѾЩæҪ֪Ȼĸ˵ȴԽϹĵȤѹ
ѹβϲһϲã֪ڵһֽģڰԺȴȫͬ壬ӹԺʱҵĵطԽϵطԼʷγɵʮݵг˳ԽϻҺ
ЩȻһŮӦģһֻܰѵ鵵µȴæҪŮԼ
ôŮ˲ܰԼæԼ̨ھԼĿֻ֣гԼ
ϵĵ΢Ц˷룺ҴӦ㡣
Ǳ߽ѩҲԼ뷨ҲæҲҪ
ҪֵҹģȻҪһ

һ֮У绰ͻȻһŮץ˵绰СǺܿ;ŻͲ˵ƾ³ˡ
ѾԺ÷Ͳʽѯʵô£ױӪӪôģûиƾȨôɲӹȥӦ
ԭ뷹ͳ̸̸ģһ¸飬ڿȴûϣˣı;ֱӾϡ
˾֮ڣ绰˷ıľæµˣ֪ˣͻӪǰȥӦ
骵ͻӪǰǰߵĲ֮һ˲Сʱ͸ϵӪʱʱҵǹͻӪ뷨ڼս
骽⿪Ϳۣץŵ绰شߴµǣֱѯʵôƾ
ƾ򣡡һ䣺ֱ²ˣͻӪ˺Щ˲ŰױӪӳ
ĲƾԳ磬һһ۾ֱ벿ӳ˻ǹȥģפڵıӳһӪױӪӪսͲһܣͲˡ
ǸС骼˵ͻӪܴӪʮˣƾӪʣһˣûá
ƾˣʷҲȷʵںóԣо֮٣Ƿ޺ģܳɴ£ӵӾ̨ѲϺԿվվδ½ȴһְ̯ӻش½
һԼӪЩǹȥģ˫ʱʱɳСֶսϽжƾҲ֪һֱ˹ϮһЩСֶӣȡЩСս˶ʮǹΣھ
ڲ֮һǲӪŻΪɵĲӣƾµӪΧˣƾս֮ı֣ûúղӣֱӴױˣȻɲôʧ
һתһʵݵĲҹȥǡ

°ӵűУضҪУ߹ǼˣװУһԻ͵ʤܵǰδеش
ԶսİǲĴţѰκοܻˣȻô̵ǵǾκһ²ûע⵽սϵķ²ŲٸĴװʿ
ЩɳĮгɳսʿһȺ¸ҶηҰˣҲǷֳص֣ѪϴսһֽС
УȴϲЩҰˣûпղһĻ̫ϧˣǰʿͺսӮˡ
ѾۿǻһΰʤǾһսѵʬ壬ȴԱʬӴܣಽǹǧҩһžڣǵһνɵС;ڵʵ
ڷ˵ǻǵһζԺȡȫ׵ʤּһˣ൱ֻͻӪɵģڹ°ζԣʤ壺žΪͻذ躣ǵսƷϣƸõľڣǵĲҪĻڣҲʤĿˡ
죬ȡһ˳׵ʤǵһ޲Ӫڱ֧Ԯ֮£˺ţһǺĽţõĲӣоսپʬ壬СͻڡǹѾɻһС;ΪսƷ
°κܿѵ籨ǦдýԼĸ٣豨档
Ǹѯʵپʬ壿
ֳҵĺʬȻ٣Ҳһʮߵӣкܶ˻Ͷ֮ȴʿɱģǹ°Լϣû
˳ţÿӦӵһǧʿһ㲻ʬ壬Ӧ˴󲿷ֵʬ壬ʵʵʧֵıϣ
˵ǽˣΰʤ

ȻܳΪΰʤױӪӪʿȴܵ䡣
Ǵͷɥڵϣսչ˾زһЩԱڵȴûм˷ȴչǣĨ˵ĺĺڹЩĺڹ
ھѾˣӪͷȻܵӰ죬ͨӪͷЩͬǹǴͳӪֵܼ㲻ˡ
Ծɶ֨һٴеͳˣ
ЩɢɢվֶۿĨţûоҲûоһӹٿЦӹ٣˶ٵָӡ
ӵľȻھ޴Ĵûлָʧĳɵıܶץǹûĵδš
תһۣסÿһʿֻ֣ÿһֶ䣬κεůֻܰԼϵůǡ
񣡡
ÿһʿ񣬵ӦĬľ
һ粿Ѫ˱ʱ˱ͻȻվʵôڲǴԮŶͲƽϵҲ˺󱻺ڹӲȥ̵ͱ˼ʮаϵܣúò
˵ţˮôҲƲסԼû˵ֻҡļ򣺡ô
ߵĲı˵ѾԲ𣬶ҵĴ󡣡
Ǻͳ죬һụ̂ô֣ȫĳ˵ĴҴ֣ҵĴҵĴ
ʮϣǸ˱ҲҡˣˮѪˮһţ͵عڵˡ
˵һ̣ҵĴҳееΣҴǴⳡսҳее
ͳˣվŵģŵʿȻһڵˣͳˣαܣ㲢޹ϵ
Ǻͳ죬֮ܣеζе
һһߵÿһ˵ǰŵʿסְǣʿǾηеؿϵָӹ٣ͳˣ
ÿһ˵չˣأЩܵĹһЩ뼤飬ǿһЩͬĶ
ǵ֣һǹ̵ġ
һһձÿһ˵ʱŷƾҲСֵһ࣬ѿѼٱ÷ߺ޵ƾһģ
ס֣һ񣺡úϢױӪӪıԱǹе𡣡
սңҳеʧܵ
лˣƾҵһ̨£ұӵƤȥϢˡ
ӪԶҲˡ

°εĺ鲢ûάֶãһĵ籨ƻĺ顣
ڽֳֺ֧ضҵļ֧֣˳ΰܵĽ죬ϣɳһ֧ģʵԮ˳֧Ԯ
Ȼ֪꾡Ǿ˵һ֧൱ģĺͻȻ˳Ϯһ뷨йصľáطǵطݾΰѾ񻯵ĳЩжÿαͬʱDDڶû˶ӵ
Ҫ֪뿪˳ʱ˵ķӣǽһļֳزӣҲṩ˼СģԮΰѾ񻯡
ڼɳԮ֮еĵӶڵһɶԸֳصΰвֻܰ򵽶פϡ
ҪԵĺ˳ϼʮ뷨ǷǳӵģǽԤƻʮһʮշܹܹɹҽɳʿԮ˳
ʮգӼϣӺںӽͧƼڣͷĵطûС
ǹ°ȻСľģʲô뻨Ϯǵĺ󷽣һʧ
Թ°ͷţȻñͱһӵİ취ȥ̺ʤӪͬʱϹƣһϮʮ֧Χ˵СӣһЩʿںСݵ㡣
ȫڹ°ε֮⣬Ԥ֮УЩλѾܵγصĴһ֮ڸô£
ڵ˵ĲսУµĲţʵӣװ˵Խıɡ
һԽ⼸֣°Ѿ´ģһǵж谭ʼж
֪ͨӣǽԭƻжʮһǰ沿ɨϰʮſʼܹ

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ھõͼѯʵǲһӪսǣȥ
°εľĺǿһѪָײͷѪǾܻȥġ
Ӳ֮ϣȫʼҪֻܴʤǼɹ⸴ȫԽԭԮɽľʽӪһתڷ򣬸ȥӵ򷢣ڵٷ
ھͿǵľˣǵľĸǿӲǵ˸ǿӲ
ƿѾȫģͷ
޴ԶǷںźأԼԼǹ
ȷս
ƵͷȷʵȷսҪ㳲ˣ
սһս֮ǽʼܷ
ƶԴ˱ʾɣӦɣԽϻûоȫ
ԽֻܾˣԼǹҲһ˵ȫ׼ҪһӢµĲ
ѵĳ棬ôҽһ˵ְ
Ҳһ˵Ϲ١


һʮ 
Ӻڵɽֻʮ幫Ǵάҵռڵڣʮ˸£ڵӰӶûп
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վںڿܼڣȻǰڣǷȴʹ
ʮڽͧڵ½ǶʮŴСչڹƣڷ˼ֱǰڵӵÿӶϰٷڵ£˲ȴƮĺɫС㡣
Ǹ⣬ǷǳټĶҲǵһΰڱʹʵս
ϣ۲Ա԰ĵػӶΪľѻ˶ʱͷɫͻɫ첻ʱҡʶµĿꡣ
ڵϣҲͬʹǵʽװʹõĲǵ绰ǾþʵսĹѧͨŻÿʱ̶ͨԱϸԶ
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ڱţڵ϶ĵǣڻΪϰѡ
ǵͣץԶ˵һ䣺ԶжԶ
кüתƵÿ졣
ɽԵĹ¡Ҳӹ˻ͷ˾ôڣ
ˣӣ骴˵ǽڵǧֹɽͷֶƽˣ
ھϣͬʹ࣬һ˵ЩǿôôĲǹӵ
ڽս֮УӵȻûɴʧҲ÷ĵ½ͨӵһŽɻȥʮڣСֻͧҪһйؽλþܻˡ
ڸǰǼСͧǼеڵˣˣǽȥ䵯ҩ
ǸǸոԶģڱĺѾͣˣǰڿʼԾǰİ֮⣬ھ£׼פأӣЩ½ôôС
һϾ½ٵ˵궼ɽǣ
Ϊʲô
ǵǰӪΪǵĵ׺;ѻһʮˣȴֻǰ°νѾǵͻ㹻ĵҩ

оǧڵʮˣã
Լ˶ԼĲԭҰսϵĻ¾һڻ£ȫӪֱӴˡ
۾ضԶĿ꿴ǰܻڰᵽȥˣ
ÿһЩڽĶ˴Եذʮߺ׵Ļڼȥɼֲݣӽ粻˵Ժв
һڿֱܾӴһӪҪСˣ
Ǵһ˿΢ЦûҪСģ
ϻɱﵡ
ڵǵĵҩȫ㣬λսû⣡
޷°ΪʲôҪôڵҪ۶ڵǹ°ʶԼѻƷﵽޣܹռɽ
ÿһŻڶٷϵڵЩ߰ʮͨڰѲŪôڵ
ʮգǽģڻƽڵǰһУȻɽ

ʮһʮա
ͬһķӿʼǰԽʷǰδеһ֧ӡ
Աˮ潢ͧװͧ佢ﵽʮ֮࣬ǻѰһлŵĿ꣬ȻʹǾϵһлڽй
ȫѹ˺Ļֻӵ½Ͽ·ݶӣͬǿ
һǧʿаǧˣһǧˣһǧŷ޹Ӷ⼮ŵӪ
֮ǹ°õһЩԽӣǷǰ棬ųоٶȡ
ͨӳоһҹʮʮ˵ֻҪһʱͿԵִɽȴܵ
ڸ·ϲ塢׺ϰǰٶȲ⣬ǹ°βϧǵǼӿٶȣȫˣҲӰɽ
ǹܼĵֿҲǶڷ˵ս˼򵥣ڻȻռ졣
ȥˮ潢֮ͧЯʮŴСڣһٺϵڵʮ׵ɽڣʮڱӣ͹ѧͨŻָ֮£Һһеǰĵо
ǣڴ˵Ȼ㹻Ľǹ°νѵʶϢõĲֶΣڹռɽ֮Ƿż졣
ʵϣЩʿνż족ǣ޾ķݣǵʿøϣżһܡ
Ҵͬ⣬ֻҪܹռɽǣ͸Ƿżһܡ
ڱ춯صУЩʿҲ÷Ǽγؾߣȡߴ߳սûкǾ
𺦵ģǵĵ壬һϰʿЩѾˮţס
ϢһδϢѾ֮·̣ˮ潢ͧͬŴʿ͵ҩǰ
ǽɽǵϦ

ȻԤϵĹʮѸͣû뵽°ξȻĻơ
ڱңɽϵһ˲֮һ
ܴ죬ʮˡ
ڱ֧Ԯϣռɽء
Ա˵ģǴȥڵǵĲҪ࣬ǵҰսºѳĺ
˿ʱ䣺ѣǿɽôõϼʮһżս
սڻңͬʹǵСڽлǵĻȻװһЩըҩװҩ٣ȷĸҪСЩ
ֻЩСڶѣв
һڱӪѾըõֺ˵ʿǰǣ칥ռɽǵĻǿԶһڡ
һӵʿţžͻ˳ȥǸڱӪЦ˵һȺҰˣ
˲䣬ըǺķǼʮ׻ڵ̶⣬һؿǼʮŰ˶׵Ȼڽܼ
ڱӦֻͻȥһƬ֮УڵըѪģѰҵڱأ
ʹõķǰڱڷб棬ֱӱ¶ʹù۲Աͨ绰ָս
ҲǷ˺ģͬȻڲҪ˳ȥٶˣǺٴһǧڵҵϵ۰
ֻڷбϵڱزѰңܼڻ֮ǰٶȴΪˮ沿ͬõ˻Ϣ
һŸʮڳˣһԼڵʹһЩʮȻڽϣȻܿˮ½ЭͬĽʹˡ
ˮ潢ͧǰٶȥرЩǰͧһӾȴˡ
оֻҪһڵͿ԰ȥҪǱӺŵĽѵ

ԽԽңҲԽԽ
ڳʱ˾Ѿû֪飺˵ԽϲȴôҪֵڹˣ˭ȥӦս
ȥƾվԱ˵һ䣺ҵױӪӪȥ
ϴε֮Ӫƺû̫ܵӰ죬ӪٶһҪǾһҪҵ˲Ӹ
ɱЩڹ
ʵĲӪ㼯һֻİ˳ͷлһЩող±ǵֵܸ𣡡
ǵ۾ѪѪ죬ɱսɱԭ飬Щ̫ҰˣǸŹκη²Ͷ˶һô̵
ˣ
ε۾ͬǺģһܾܵǰս֮УԼıоʵǿʮ㡣
Ϊ˸Ϊȥֵܣ
ԽĴڵӵ÷ֹ֮ͣǰ򷨹ҪԤµľãʵ˭ףǱڻŵˡ
ݵĿʷǰĴսڻģȻҪСһЩҲǧڵ
ҪɽǵϦ
°ζ˵ôһ䣬ĸѾ˼ѧͨѶǰӴӣ׼
īڵĺ˴ŷʽľװѲǹţ¶ǽ׵ݣţһٴ˾ٵǰСʱ֮ӻûм
˾ٸµڹռɽ֮ÿ˿ԽϵõʮĶأԼµľãϣ
ЩһֽУѾ嵽ǰȥˣ꣡
Ǻ޹˼ɵ½ţҰһйǵǲ󷨹ųɢ߻ֱ÷ǰո˵ԸչΡ
һһ䣺һȺ׼Ұˣ
ЩҰܴʤ°Զζ˵ǼʮӵУȻηǰ෨˶һ㡣
ڱǵؽźǿɽĺڱأƳ䷽λǵڱԲѹĿꡣ
ʿȴǳĺ֣ǵܵ÷ɿĳСѰĿ꣬ӵûзֵҲˡ
ûмɣ˵ŷ޲ʽļɣѰһпܴڵĵĿ꣬Ȼȥռˡ
ǵһӪƽúܿ죬ǽչ˳ţϵĵоѾˣ
˵ڱҲˣ
ںķʿѾǰţЩ˾װ裺Ǿ˵ĳ裬벻ǣ
ڱǰǿɲȻڣʮַתأ벽ΪӪʮڱ໥ڻǰ
ڷֱ֣Ϊֹûʹù°ηǳһʵǾսɽ¡
գһ¶׳ݿЦĺʿǹˣսˣȻڵڻֱӳŷ˲
ооڻڻ
ǺܿڱǾϤʮ׻ڣ
ʮ׷ڵȴѹסʮڣʮɽڵỤ̃ȥİʮȻֱϷУڵŷĴݶӴ
ȻϣԶԲڱһвԽѾûͷӬһܡ
ѹƵ˵ʮڣûжڵˣ
Ľ°ԼţǰûոմʮڵܰЩڵⳡս֮
ǰԵʮֻңķ÷ȫ߳һףȻָڱ׼У¿ʼڻ
ǱڻŻԽ˸㹻鷳սߵǰԵֳŲǹ䵶ķʿûڻŻǴеӪͳսȥ
ѾЩԼɵػܹػӶ죬еɱЩڹ


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ŲǿžͳˣȺͼԼһͨ
ಽǹӵĴķɵĵƬڲȺ˲Сı䲻ЩԷǷڴгɱ
ǾŰʽ䵶ͼոЩܱȥǾͿԽսˡ
ΪӵӪͷûⲫǵЩԷǷʱǿʼʽ˹ȥ
ڷʿǰҹ񵯣Ĵը޴뾪˵ıըЧƬߺХţˡ
Щʿıը˼ǽּХϳ壬κ֯ϳ壬ֳͷǶĺѾ֯һǹǰļͷ硣
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޴ٴγֻ֣һǷڱǵͷϣĿ̫ˣںŲڱĿꡣ
ڱ޲𹥻˾˵һӾ˼ʮˣǷŲҲսȾܣԱʬ塣
ӭǵܼǹڵܵ·һʵѪ·ʱ˾ͨһԵڵϣǳʱսиĴۻҪࡣ
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ԼľѧˮƽжϣҪ
ǰİŲǶеڸղŵս֮УӪʧǹܼڵȴеŲ˷
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սڼӪױӪڴڻĺȥǸǰβܻҪʧμսİʿУܼվŵģֻ
ÿһﶼץһ˵ͷ­˻ץǵʿ߳㣬޴ʧ׳־ܣڹӣӪʰ
ͷСӪĹٱЦŸųĻɫСǲûбļս磬Աˮ˸衣
󷽵Ѿӵ˱棬ҲۿҵսӪױӪģ
ڵ绰һߣ棺˵ˣʿӪ򡣡
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ӪֻҪ㹻±ܷȫսѪɱʼ֧֮ϣӪȸӪԱװ
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һӹٵ˵ͷţ˭Ǻã˭壬ѩѩ
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ڱЯڵѾĴֻڵΪµӦñõҹеڵϡ
ڽսĵλʱ󷽽ݣ°νЩŲʲôɫģʱһӪ䵱ԤӵĽɫ
սĲҳ̶ȳ֮⣬ûԤеɽǵϼţеĳһǵڱҲ
ԭƻ䣬ܹȡ칥ɽǣ⣡

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˭û뵽ǣȻıսʹԻΪĽѹƣսϵı仯úЩʩ
˵ǿԾݳأѾӹ˳ǽ
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ҽʹϸڶӪΪʵʩһҵķͻĽ飺ϸڶӪ÷˸۵ġ
νϸڶӪҲ˳֧ӣ˳ս۽֧ıԱûй黹ƣڲ±֮󣬳ΪһµĲӪ
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ǷԾ˵ĬĬسһУˮǹ콢һٵս죬оѡ
ֺ֧Сӽǵһɽķӣ
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ǵһۿģȴɽͷŵٿͷ򷨹ʾ
콢ʼȫڻ


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콢ʼȫڻ
Ѵ̴ÿһˮģתŻڣɽڻɽ£ָĻЯž޴ڰϷ춯صЧ
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ڽȥƺţǵʮȻżһڵȻУȴˮǵĽţزŹ뿪˹ܻڣ沽ͨ沽ͨ
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ʵϣҲϸӪĵĹ£ӪһãһӪΪԤӣʮŴСںĵҩѾ˵ϡ
ڸ̵ǰһǧ׵ĿسĹʵ϶Ϳɵذڵɽڣɽǽʧȥһеϡ

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˲䣬ɽˣǶûзӦڵһǵĶ֮С
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ǰŵʿһĻУ˳˻һһӾôҵϡãղŷֻʣվ
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һһٺȻڴ˰ʮˣڵһµʱĽڷ֮Űţûκεڡ
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һʮ 
ںХţдڽͧǷ׷ٶڳˣǸıըխĺӵϽš
ʧȥ󲿷ֻڵĽֻͧûڽžǼûʲôеļ¼ը˷
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ıһĨһ˵Ųʱһ˰
йǲ˰һսҲԶΪǣҵĽʿǣֻһ
Ǿؽⳡս
Ȿǹ°εľģռɽǵĻӦԼϽⳡսڿľǵġ
ʿǣ׼ˣ
ɫڣǹܼıȴԸ⳷ǻǻԤӣȫȥɣǽ嵽˵ϡ
˵һںɫ죬ǷԽϵִԶķΧ¾ͻĪ˹ƽЧһңԶķ졣
ҪʿǻţҪսߵʬ壬ҲӦԱȻ
ǰʬ֮У԰ټƵԱĲһͳ
ӣ׼ڽ
ڽ
ֽΪӣڴʱǹԽԽܼǷҵĽڱ˲ǹչս
ڸղŵս֮УѾʧ˾ĲȻ߰ǧ˵ҪԱҴԱڱر֮ӱĲǸѾΪһա
ȺԽڷǰزһɨ֮ҲѸٵжϣڸս߶ܿǾ̲ܣ֦У˾װ׼õıһͨԽũ
һЩǰصսŵŻ²ֹңֱǹͶˣҰʱĽչСֶӼĽǹͶŹģļͶ
սԽԽңƣҹڲ磬еĲӶˣȫߵо
ȫߵо
սȮһ־ĸо

ԾڶιʧԺ󣬾ĶҺ֮ϸŷų棬켯ᲽʮӣǧŰ֮󣬳ڻش֮ط𹥻ػһʵʩڻݵзڶʱڷڵԼǧ
ѩԤ֮ڱȺָ֮ڵо֮˲䣬Ԥ֮ǿڱȺʼȫһٺȻţţŸһţʮڷڵŰʮʴ83г֮Ⱥȫ顣
ݵоսʷԹμս֮ǧŰоУҾǧϣʮӻأԱһٶʮҾͳƣʬǧپϣоİһʮԱһʮݺ
һڱԤڷսĳɹıսḶ̌һɹսõĳɹΪ
ժԳɳϸڱָѧУҾڱԤϮս浵ţһһꡣ

ӵʿΪɽսеʧܶõԲһս֮󣬷ıܲΪһսȡľѵһսγɵԭƹ㵽ӡ
ڱڻ֯һսӵļųشݲıܲеı㣬һʧȫǿԱ⣬ʧȥԲżųĶ־ָӸҪֻŷӽͻӪϳԲȡɢսߡ
һǿȲСս˴СͻڵĹΪ˷ⳡսľ飬ڿһϵСȻںڣЩڿɵرκһʮ׻ѹƣδĶԷսУշսǰҫһ߱ʵսֵ
ԽսԷӵӰǸԶģһսսս鲢߱ձԣıܲȫ׷ٲоһսóĽǽȶľ׼׼µĶԷս

ժһ˰˾꣬־ıԷжϲϡܡ

ⳡսôı仯ǵҹսֶλָӹٵ֮С
սɱ󣬻ܣ˫ʿһļս
ͻӪʧȥ硭
ϸӪʧȥ硭
ϸŲʧȥ硭
嫺Ӫʧȥ硭
˫ڻϽκһָӹٶסԼĲӣһͻƿڣȻѲͶ˽ȥһ·ƽ뷨
ս࣬ʧһЩϾʧȥ󲿶ӹǸɲͽͧӵ֧Ԯ֮ʿ䣬ԽѾʼˡ
ǽɻڵԼһǧ
ʹͳ壬һٹƵһڱӪ֮أɻʮţʮߺܻš
ҽɻʮ׻һţ֧Ԯ
վλãԿ˫ĵͬөһѾʼȫͻ
ÿǰһҪصĴۣǺͬƣѼڸղţѾԤӶȥֻɽǹ
ɱ𶯣ȫʧȥָӣղסһ߲ӣǸšӪ޷λȫǸΪս
վѯʵҪҪһӣȻһͻΣˣ
˵ٻʮˣ㹻һˣӦκξˡ
ɱеҹգ˵Ҳ֮ٴͳȫǹǰ
ǹǰ
ڻҵĳ֮Уһߵָӹͬĺ٣ȫǹǰ
˫ҹɫɱһ˫ƾһǹʶˣڰеɱҰ˫ʹһֶŤһ
ڡӵ̵ǹСʯͷȭͷƴض·ߣ·ӣԶͬˮһӿĺ
Ҳ֣Ĵ̵ڳһط֮±ķΧһ
˫Ļս˼ңڹ°ε˾ʮϮǹսҪղӣ
ıǿڸղţһڱӪȥȻһУɢ棬ǻûг嵽ӿʮӺԮĲӼȫ
ʮʮɽڣټǧڵںｫǶôֲ
ֺڼ˷ǵˣ°֪ôȥһҲ߲ڣҪͻ֮⣬ը١ͻڣ
ǽװУرӽӭǣ
ʿǣܰõ
ըٻڣأʿǣô̵Ͳǹã
ӭʿѵõĻ


һʮ 
콫
ɱʮСʱĺʿ¶ǾͷǵĿ֮УǷʡ
ڡװġǹڵһŹĴڡһϵɱǷ˹ſڿӶøɸɾˡ
׷ʮ֮⣬ֿͻȻǱرڽӦ°εԶǾм̵Ĺ£ú׷Խ
˷ָӹٵٻϣ;ĿʼˣϧغͲֻڣ˵ԶҪӡ
ȻǱԱأǻдԱӻ˵︽ǿ֯һݲӵĵֿߡ
Ҳûֿߣתȥһƣͣʼ©ĵо
ǹڼʱ²Ѻսʱɵľ³Ѳսƻһɻķ죬Ӷţѽɻķս춼úñҪˡ
ıʱ򣬻ʤʱ򣬻ǵġ
Ľ£һѵķʬ壬սƷͷȥһеķʿſ˼£ҵ಻ٵսƷ仹һռǣǵռǺźúñ
Ǳ߲骻Ѫ˳˹£ץסһУ
УҲʮָˣǺĿǰΪֹץ߼²һ㣬õúõĻⳡսͿԽˡ
սĺűֹ۵ֵĹƣôĹƣôһʤðүѣ֪һսǼܻʤҲؽʧء
Щʧ˶٣һ򣿻ǾǧֻǸ⣬ͬʱҲһشľ⣺һɨսһ׼ºǽȫ淴
ⳡս֮ǰۺȡöôشʤǽȨʼڷⳡս֮ȨѾȫںˡ
㷨ʵʩսܶԱҲڰ֮ڽشʧοǻŵ¹ôһĵ֡
ʿѾѺһʮǱķ߹ˣ㣡㣡ͳҪ㡣
ǸǵйһͨϽ仰ɷģ£˾ٽӼ
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ҪϵطǲĴ
ֻһѡǾطͶǵһаš
Ǹˣ̫ҰˣûκεʿȺ˵ǣΪһˣ뱣ֹʣǵʿǹɱ²ŰǵʿڴĿ顣
սսػش⣺սһȼյǵͷϣ־ⳡ̫пˡ
ַҵĵ̣ǺͼһϵĹȣھǵõĻر
㣬ֹֿͣ
ɱڵУɫЩ԰ף˵ҽҪõĴ
ЦˣӽɻƷУһѾƣٸ

ϣɻѾǺһҲǲ˵ζɱһҹڼսʮСʱ֮ѾʮСʱʱ䶼ûнʳˡ
սΪװˮ͸ûдϣʤϲãҲڷԼĶҲտҲ
սѾҲʲôûõĶǺˮҲʬȾˣ޷ãڷ֮Уʿϲõҵ˳Ѿơ
ССڵǵʤ֮ȪٿĿˮһҲζ
ʲôʤϾ˶ƵĶλųɰǧķ²ÿһ϶¶Цݡ
ͬĻʿ֣Լʲô
Ѿ׸ıʷ
ÿһٶڼԼĲӣҡ
骶ԴЩζǳһ䣺ȥţټϻҵһţٰ
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ӹ㶫йˣ˺һʣ˳ɶֵĿζᣬҲ֪ǴĻãͨʲô;˵ԽģһжǺϢ
ɽ⣬˾ҪǰľսһߣҪҵһЩ̻һЩµĺѾ齨ѾӪҪһоʡ
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ͬ⽵ٵ˲䣬Լİ칫ѵõ־
սһƬãȫ˦ƹˣŮپСĵظűһȣĵúܡ
һļڱ۾࣬Ȫˮ˴ܷҾսԻͣҵѲаԴ½սӱȫҾǹһǧ߰ٸˣŸţʮһ棬²ʮ˰ʮ⼮ӶԽһǧʮ
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⣬Ц˳λӲˡ½зķȻԽвʧԽˡ˺ŷ޹Ӷսõķװƽ
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ɷ򲻿һȨƾ¾Ĵɷ򣺡ױӪӪǴӱģûʲôսǻرȥɡ
ߣִһǧˣڸҵⰡ
ƾºԥ˵мˡ
㣿û뵽ƾ¾˵죬ҲǰλһЩ뷨ȴǷȱʵ뷨
Щ£СЩΪá
һǧˣںȫǵڶĲӣ㱾Ǯ£
ƾȴǿһԼǰɹˣ㲻ǵڶҲǵڶ֮
֪ԼӴһжû⣬ԼӪ쵱Ĳӣȥһʰ
ĵǣһսһλƾ˵ͱӵȣѲȫ£Թˡ
һõ뷨ϾڱźüץסĻʡȴԼʱ䡣
ͬȥһȥԥһ˵Ǻľһˣ㸺¡
ֻܲ£ʧһЩԱҲڹǱֻӪ֮ԼıȴԵزˡ
Ǻˣƴˣɡ֮ҵƹһ㡣
ƾЦҪģǰⲮѫ
ĳһ϶ɲʿ˫


һʮ Ͷ

Ӫ֮УһȺȺźµı߹ЩӪѾûжٷá
Щٱûжٳĵôüӣ·ѾãڱԽȢӣȻҪ
һЩ䣬ȫиȥֻлƹӪ֣ǹһЩʽӪʷȲó裬ҹھɫ֮С
ʮӪʿǾôɹ̫ȴս٣Ȼ׼һǹ
һ˿ǹȥʮӥͿԵ֣һӵǮ
ۺò׵˱ܶԲϹٳ
ƨҲˣǰľöǷ£ɩô˵ˣǹ˺Ҳ˰
Ҫǹɲֹǣһһλ쵱̨⻰˰ɡ
ƾһͷȳϱһɶȴû뵽ƹͻȻô˵ڣɽΣգ
ƹҹԾɫƽʱ﷿ⶼǼʮԽŮӣ־ߣϾˣӪֻǽǺټȥǹһӾͳˡ
ƤӣͰ²Ӫںʹǹ衱˺ԼıһӣʿӣҿҪõġ
ȻܳɾĹҵôƹ˶ΣԼܹˣٸ㹻ļҲǣûƱҲɡ
ƾԭԮǱסˣƹȴôĽ޿ڣҲҰڽ㣬ǼȻӷŪ˿ڣһнԺˣ̾˵ҪúǢ̣ҪЧе
֣̾ƾµ۾ɵɴˡ
Ҫֿ֪̾Ǵһ¢ҵӴңչ񣬿˵ǰޣһʱգ̾ȻһֱţΪĳš
ʱգ̾Ϊ˴Ƶ۹¢ϣͼźţԽϾ羭ӪĺأеľӪѪѾΪһսһ
ƾµӡ֮У̾ѾȫԽûйϵôͨƹĹϵͬԼ硣

͢
û뵽һλͬλ͢Խܴͨ̾DDӡ֮Уһֳ͢Ѿż֣̾ʢȡ֮
ʱգʷһתֱֳۣ͢ڻûб֣̾͢ٶ̰¢֯ȴȳڽһͶʡ
ͨ͢һͨ죬һţ峯ʽĶٷһ񣺡ͳ˷ֵֺ̾ܶ˾û֣֮ʴԸ׾ʳɡ
ʷϣ̾ʾǽ˱ǰһͽˣʱգ͢ȴͶͶںϡ
ʱǵ˱ɫ¶ţ̾Խһʩڷ֣֮ʵʮʹϧ֮Ǽֺɽ֮ʤѡ
Խ͢һ룬뷨Ǣս֮£뷨⳥̾ʧǧɡ
ʷϣзսڼӭһйʷϵĿǰΣĺѩҾʱ̨DDʤܸıһ㣬ѩҺ޷Կ͹۵ľùɡ
̾ȴͺʤһرʱΪзսԪʱ̾֡͢
Щž˵УץסһлǵУѾǷǳֵͶĶ
͢ѩ̿ģǻ仰Ҳ˵ǽŹе㣬ֵܻͬѾ۹ÿǹǧˣѴͨһйؽڣռй֮ζʯԿ
̾Ϊһ¢ʵҵ֯ȻٳӣǰǾӪĿƽúҵڣȻž˵
ڹȥ֮ڣʼ޷ͨһ۵ɽ½ͨ͢ȴ̾ǵĳŵеֵͨ̾ıЧˡ
û뵽͢񣺡ͶлˡֻǣҿĴ۹еֿɷЭ
ֻҪͳͬ⽫ǧ滮һна취͢Ҳк˵йؽڣҾִΪͨ
ɲǿտںԣЩǣȻλȲ϶Աǳڹٳߣ˭ûԼĹϵ
Ǯȱ֮ҾҲԴΪ롣
͢ҧսӰ죬̾ܵ˿ǰĴֳǴڷǳѵľǿάž档
Ҳֻǿ˿ֻ͢ϾǴݣһƬ⣬ȴŽѩ˵ЩҲǲסš
Ҹֶܴеȫһзã͹һ֮ѡ
ڿһ֮˵ϸһ·̫ƽûƽʶǡ
˳ؽ𣿡͢ѿڶúúã㲻ˡ
һ֣ȻʱЧ׬Ҳ̫󣬿ǵ޴ķգ̾ƺˣⱾͶ
˿ǧǹֵ̾ҲģȻǹеӣȫǸʽǹֻβɹܼ֮ܲ۴򵽾еҵǲȱӣȱһоеܴΪ죬󼾸õĺѩҡ
ܭȻһλѩҵ³͢ĸо˧ƽߣ׬ӡ
תܿ죺̾ʵϺܭۺʮȻǲķա
ȴǵȻЦ֮ܰҰѾеȫҿԸʮӵĶ𡣡
ֵҲǼǧʮֽһȴûжٻ֪ͳҪʲôľ裿
ǹڡбԭϡ
һͳ
Ȼʮ겻ر֣ڹ£̾ȴǾһ㡣
ѩһˣҲ֪жǮׯŸŵ̨ǮׯǺųǧӵĹģеʱҲʮĹģֳƽʱû̾Ųӳ໥ţھѾ½ͷöˡ
ܵõʮֽǿ԰̨ٵʲô˼ˡ
ֻѯʵˣʲô
ûˡܸɴࣺҺֻҪЩ
͢Ǽʶȣ˼һʵ̾ۻЩԭϣʱֻ֮ǰֳһԣͳѯ
뽲֣͢أ֪ʮֽҪ飬Ҳ˵һϴ
͢ȴ֣صؿ˽ѩһۣ˳ȥվѷ磬͢˵Ǿ仰йʵйͳ֮λͳԸλ


һʮ 
ȴһЦ
͢￴һʱϣ仰ȴһظһˣͳƵܾµ֮ʳν²þ
˵⻰йĻɽҲҪɽͬѧѯͶʸͿôһǰĿͷ֧Ʊ
ѧѯҲδһλˣʿں򲹵꣬ɴºٰνաƱԲƷһʱΪ˵λͶİٰ£ѧѯдһױš
ûб񵳵ĹٷʷǹԪϷȴġʷϰű
һʱȨ֮ʽӡһˣͳƵܾµ֮ʳν²þһˣһˣһˣ˵֮ŵŵδ֪빫ͬ񣩣ʢ㵱һ˵Ե֮йȡأȻ빫Ҳȷʹְ˵˵֮ΡݽԿɸһҲ
ɽſͷ֧Ʊν֮һˣͳƵܾµ֮Ҫõͳͻʵ۵ְλѧѯȻͥŲðѴеʵóͶʸռرʼߵҵһʱʾ޿õĳŵ
ѧѯǸˣûĳЩȣɢҲƣȴϣһЩߵϡ
ͬǸĶ֪һ˵Ե֮ĵγ֪ǹӵıֻķʽ˻ش𣺡أʢ٣ԸҲҲһ˻Ķ֮ý֡
ҵҲ͢Ϊ¾һݾ֮ġ
ֵȻǿͷ֧ƱЩͶ˺ںĿãҲһַ
ǾǺȡ֮ĿܣǿܶѣЩʲ׼һЩͶıɣǲŹκλᣬҲð϶ͷ̨ķա
͢Ľǲ˵ĿŶѣĵףǸֵܺЩִֵ̾ԳŵպܿڲԵҪ֡
͢ˣҲǽйʷˣһ죬ʱͼ˵ĿƣһЩйĹҵ۵Ŀƽú󣬵ЩŬʱҲνй£͢ࡣ
ǿ֮Ҳ˵Щķ֪պҪ㣬ȻⲻЩĴ
͢ϲ⣬ɽ˱Че֮⣬һǿͨ̾תܷںͶ
Խϴң̾ԽһͶʾУǶԽϵľӪȴÿǿֵһ֧
ɽۣ֮ȻսʤǻûںϽͶʣϾֻһҷ˶ѣɽ֮ս֮ȴ
˼͹ɽܣⲢīͱ£ǧȷʵ
ΪˣϢ۵Ӣıֽķı棬Ϻ籨ֽȷָ˷ɽ֮սȫʧܣǷдһЩҲɻһ㡣
ؿһ㣬Ҳ˺
ܳ£Ϊ䣬ܳ£Ϊȫ
֮ǰں¼ŵȻڳ벻֮䣬һֿܣǾǺһֱԽϣȡ֮
ֻԽϣִֵֺ̾˵һǳõĺ顣
ִ̾쵽£Ҳܸ̾¢ϵĵλ㹻ǳüʮꡣ
Խ֮͢һȷһ㣺ݲܳ£ҲΪȫ
򾫱ºսڵطϣѾȫȡ֮ϴһ֮
Щ죬֮ԷΪ峯ָ뾭ƣԶھһ飬ǵǼչ谭ֺ޹˼ɾȡ֮
ֻڴ֮ǰȱһ֧㹻ѣ͢Ѿš
ֵܺʵټڵطϾӪԿź֧ǿĲӣʱ򼴱ֻܸ㣬Ҳˡ
һߴƴǣһʵͳʲôҪֵģһȫ쵽
ǱȴĹԱһЩ۹⣬ڹȥļ֮Уһֱ̾Ȩפ˳Խϵʵ൱˽⡣
Ѿˣ˼ܰⳡսȥҲܻȫʤǱضǿճ־õĴս
ţо񲽶ӶʮӪڶӪΪ䣬ӪӪ죬ȫ޷֮һװʽǹڣֻµĻ֮൱
οǽ֮̾󣬿ԴԴϵش۹þеڲϣڵõ˳ǧؽŰ˿ڵĸݵأ֧ꡣ
ҪܺȫԽֹ۵ĿҲ֮ǵؿԼͶܻõĻر
ȴһ䣺Ҫֵ̾λ̩ɽǮ
֪͢ǬŲƵı죬ֽϲɾʷϾΪ¶±֣̾ڼȻԼͬȻô
͢ҲԥһᣬʾںȴҪӺóǮ᲻ῴѷ
ֻƬ֮ѾˣͳѾʮӦͳƲƵġ
ֶ̹̾ɣʱ㣬ͳǶӽӼããֻʮͳʡ֮ʱ񡣡
󷽣˼˵ͬʮӵĶҸһӡ
͢û뵽Ȼ֮Ĵ󷽣ȴ˵ʮӣý֧ǻܵоɽ֮ʱɻо˾֮ã˱ʷɣֲڱʹãϸȥ
ս´֮ϸӪķӡҵûͣٹ·ȴ˴⣬ڲ͢Ϻȥ
֪͢ɲӢǶͨлңǮܱûǮãο⻹ǿеĵһȻң˱лˡ
ڵо֮Уɵ˼ʮɵľãֻİ٣ҲֱӱЩʮӣúƱ㡣
Ʊ
ƱԽϾڣ֮⣬ҲͨΧϱ߾ͨڹ㶫ַǷֻСģͨ
͢׼ʿӵϺȥԥ˵ͳģ֣ܱ֤̾Ʊڶʡͨ衣
̾־;ڴˣھ˵Ʊţʱżʮ͸ҷǧƱ
ģ͢Ҳõԭ֮ʱͳֻЯƱЯκλƽ


һʮ Խ
˳
ۿУҾ˼ѣ˳ĳͷӻصͷڳ⻹ǵǹ
˳ˣˣŮˣˣϵǽȥسǣһĲǹڳϵ׳˶һ˲ǹ䵱ڻҡ
ڼѾװɱݣѾʵʩ죬ʱܿɫƷķڽѲÿһˡ
ʼŸĴͳؽ׵ɽݣȻչһɱǰ蹫֮󣬷ȴʧֹٵĴͳһֱһŻָֹٵĴͳDDԭоǵ͹óиĻᣬһйݵһɶ
УȴҵָݵҲѾ˺ڵ㡣
վڳͷ⿴ȴټֻܿһɫս죬ȻһǹǶְҵ˵Ⱥͬˮһӿ¸Ϊ¡
ʵϺѾһγˮĹƣ޷۲쵽ĵطǧƵĺڷŹƣһѪɱ
Χ˳ǳ֪һЩݵ㻹ڼֿ֮⣬һֻ֪֪ͬһϯ˳
ڹȥļ֮ڣ˳½߼ȫжϣʮŹģľݵ㱻ƣľݵ˿ս֮С
˳ڵؾҲͼһιΧĺǾһǧԽӳʮ˺ŵĹһӪŰԽӶµڻҲųġ
ڴ֮˳ڵķӾûκγ˵һЩµֺһɽľݵ㣬˵ŻںһرͽЭͬȴΪ׵˳Ұս֮бƣȻͬӶݵҲ޷֡
ڹȥྭӪΧݵӾô׵ر𣬶˶ڴţ
Ǻǰ죬˵Ǻվס쵱һ˺һʦ£˳£˽ʮӪʮŻںʿ
κδⶼʧȥ˳
ڹȥ֮УѾշС뿪˳һ·׷ɽȻд󲿶Դ˷ðʧΧСӵķգҲԸ뿪˳
˳ǵıʮۺģǧؾг֮һǷ񣬻̶Աǧװͽһ˳
Ԯĵ
ںеӪ֮Уͬϲ
Ц˵Ͻϵ׳һԽ͸һ
ҲһԾ󺣵ĸоȥûйôӦ֣ôô򷨹ˣˡʮڵڵǿжࣿ
Ա˵ǵûУͳжࡣ
ãȥҪһٷڵ
˸߲ңԽвһж˳ϣ·ֻص˶ʮ¡
Ĳ˵ͳıˣʽǹڰǧװһӦȫԼϵӲҲ߸ӪֱӲǧˡ
Ĳӣ߸Ӫʮط֧ӡӣǧˣԽʮʡĲӾȫС
Խ֮󣬸ɵҲ֮ܲȫϼʮӪ͵طʮӣŷûзӦ֮ǰ˳ͷһ
һѷȱڣʹĵˣԽӪ˰꣬˳Ϊģ˳ʡǣЩʡΪģʮݵ㡣
羪׵һµʡǾ򿪵سݸ͸ˣЩΧľݵ㲢ûжٷһʡҲǽפһӵķ⼮ţȻԽƾ
սһ죬ȻѩһرΪֹǽɻͿװһţǹһǧٰٸˣš
ֵĻ˳´ƷһĻϷһתܣǶʮʬ壬ٶˣȫ˽ӡ
ʹ찡ʹ찡
ȺãҲԽ˳ۣ㿴ȥôڣ
ȴȴΧз߸ݵ㣬Щݵ㣬Թڡ
߸ݵιûģʡǾݸ¸̣ؾҲöЩ
رʡǵķڻ㼯˸ĸ֧ر֮ʵǿǧϣȻʮӪʵøĸʡǣ൱ѿС
ȻԼĿȻǾ֮񣬵ǿõطӼǣȻȡһ׸ıԽľ档
ôʵķ⣬ȻǲܷŹԼ뷨ҵţȴ򿪴سǣȻݸٿʡǡ
һǿľ괺ƺЩʧ⣬꣬λÿ϶ġ
ҲڿЩݵ㣬ݵķ࣬Ƕ̣ʲôÿеĹͷҺԼһЩڣֽɻŷɽڣټϰʮ׵ȻڣѵõĹˡ
ǵ뷨ⳡ۶˵ӣҵĿȻҪһݵ㣬ֻҪһʡǣҵоȻսһ
Ǳ˵Ը¾״
ã˵ӪȫǣҰеڱҲǿǡըҩж٣
Сҩٹ
̫ˣٸİٹ󷽷˵ǵĲӪҲǿǣһøԮһֻӷɽ
˼뻹Ӫķ緶ȻڵѾѲɽĵزԸԼóôһӲͷȴ֮
ԲսҲˣ±òսʱԼʱ䲿ӣһ뵽⣬˵㻹Ҫʲôֻ˵
ʲôҪЦ˵һսǺúöɣ
úܣеսڷռݵʡţͿĿˡ
˵ǿǿ˵һӵķˣǿһɽڣİٶװٵԽӺͽװͽǶһⰡ
⻹Ƿͻأҩͻֻ࣬ҪԼ⣬ǰϸӪĹأֻʵʵغ
úܣκβӶս¯ƴɱģһӲ̣ԼЩôͬǿᲢۡ
Ҫ֪Ƕرָʾ


һʮ ֺ֧
ǣΪڷš
ֹ߶ܷɣû
ƵĻһȺıǵӦҽºʡ͹ˣϾ㹻ĳ롣
ΪǴ¡нȥȡʡȻ׼ǰķ
Щı˵һι滮뷨˵Ԥϲͬ²Ϊ˳Ƿڳڽֺ֧Ǻݺݵزһ
˳½ķʲôʱϰ˭סǣǿһá
߸ӪսǿסǣȻһڷ⡣
÷ʵ̫ǿЩӪͷʷ̫£ϴ
Ǳ̧ͷͳ˵˳һȥɣϾȱĹǸɲӡ
Ӫͷȥһ¶ɫ˵Ҫ½ֺ֧ǣôҲҪһ㱾Ǯ
ںУӪͷɲãսмᣬڹؽʱ򿿵סʮӪͷ棬Ӫͷһ룬ѾǺܿɹˡ
һľʱԲἰһţŸʦʮ߸ŵǿʵؽʱĸẈ̂ǿսǽսĸžǳ´󽫵ӣ֮һǺеĺŲһţսڼ䶦߶š
ҲЦˣǾˣô˵ҲҪڽֳֺ֧Ϻݺݵظһ
ں˵ھӪ֮ǵһ÷İĽֳֺ֧ؿ
νֳֺ֧أҲԽἰߣߺ͡ζ顢¡ơʡڵڶѻƬս֮Ƿ˵ֳء
ڷƵӶֳ֮лεķ٣ʲ׼ϵһУҲǷ˹ռȫԽϵĳ㡣
ûнֺ֧ǣ˱ǧıܽԽϣάҵǵõԮ󲿷ȴڽֺ֧ǣһֱڣֺ֧ȻǷӡֳ֧αزٵһ
ڽֺ֧ļӣǷսҲǿԽϲӣߡṩ֧ԮϣһĺʶҪֳ
ֺ֧ǵķֳҲǹĴⳡսһȺˣԶǲֺ֧֮ǻõľ޶DDȻû׬٣ȴˣõķؾ൱ڷһʡݡ
۾ŵͼ׼ֵ
ǵЩЩ飺һӪϸӪͷ²УȻһãԱĺ󷽡
ڽֳֺ֧أǲرϤȻһЩԵľõͼɳ鱨ԱϾӪǵСֶ¸̴󲿶Ӵͨ
Ƕֳһ־⣬ֳϣѾεؽͳһ˿߶ܵκ谭ԽϹԱԽڶڷˡ
뱱ԽԽźܴĲͬȴ飺ʲôһӪͷȹĶοһôҲӪʵ
Ƿ˵ʵ
õ鱨ڽֺ֧ǵؾúܸߣֳصķӼڴԼ塢ӪʵһӪ⼮š
ӣȻӱȥǵΪֹȻʮӪڶľ켰طӣԶԶԽĺ
ֹģĲǽֳزƲĻϣΣԽ߷·Ǽ費ɴݣԽºĵˡ
ÿһʡݶŷ˽ľ첿ӣǵĲӲжʮӪԽϵҲ˱ΪǵĵطӡһıóʼǱ˵Ҫ״ķҪжʮӪɡ
ʮӪӦУһıơƽӿ˵ȥǲ̫ˡ
˭˵ȥġ˵ˣҲãһԽһζȥ
ЩӪͷ
ԼսҾҲܺáɴ˵ڽֺ֧Ǵһսð˯žˡ
жʮӪ
߸ӪӪͷһӪͷҾܴӪ£ټǿһһڱ
ӪǺбȽµӪͷҶǴӷĽв˼ԽԶս˼磬õ˵ط
ô
ɽͶͽƱʾĲΣǿǽֺ֧ǰ
ֻҪʤˣǾǵĵˡµʤž˵ţ߸Ӫ㹥κһʡؾԴˡ
Ƶһ⣺ǸںڷֵһӪ
ڹȥһ֮УߵĸӪӪ̫ԭСӪְһĲӪֱߣǶʱ֮ڲܼԺڱѹ
ѹͿˣ
뵽һĴƣ˾޷ôһʵεĻԻʤ֮󣬱ԽӾô£ʹݡפԽ˾սDDڹ̫Ĳ޷ȡⳡսʤ
һֳսսȼյ£ȻҲԼܻʤλãǱʵ˨DDսܵһЩʧҲˡ
ǽⳡսʤ
ںԶߵȨĻһС
һ仰Ҷľǲģ׷׼Ӫ¡
Ƶڵͼһ⣺˵սͼѾжǱ
ıжϣǽһùս֮ǵδã
ƾѾһȥ̫ԭˡ
ƾµСӪ̫ԭ֮һӪƵСţѾ̫ԭ¾ɲĸӪڱĲѾӵ߸СӪĲӡ
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ͨ̾ĵڶҲѾ̣Ǽƣ׼Ƶɽٴӱֱӵִ̫ԭ
˵Ҫ֤̫ԭİȫȻǱİʧݣǾͱͦ
ѯʵƾҪҪһָʾ
лá
򱱷
ʵںڷҪҪʱһ£ôಿӣ
ݺݵشõĻᡣúǽ׿ڿ


һʮ 
˳
ӿ˵ǷԽҪľݵ֮һһӵķٶԽϸøʮﶼٳֺӰӣڵصķָӺųƣǿҪ˱ӣǸһ˵
һκܹ֮УҲһֱصڣȵս֮УǻΧĺطӳ˲СĿȴڻ֮ҡҡ׹
ڹȥս֮Уӵؾλ˺ĽڳǽϿԿսĺۼѪ㣬ؾҵĹ֮УҲʧȥԭе
ԽӵʿһͷԣѾǵǹˣ˵ˣǹϣõԴһܴӺ쵽͸
䡭䡭
ڵһ˳ǽϣѪǽɻĸڣǴСȻڶһɽڸûзӵء
̣ڻ𣬺üѾƽˣֻʣ¼Ѫߺţ֧Ԯ
˳ԮûУ˳ԮûУ
ͬʱҲ׷׹ڵϣųĺ˫֣ǹ˳ȥͶͶ
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ǰ֧սǿǼӪʹչļ޴Ӧ
ǵѾ˽ӽһıսʮˣȻﵽ˰ʮˣڳֻһʮˣʣµѾѩһĿȥ
ԽԽ󣬾ԽԽѣһһͶսԽԽԽϹӶǹͶųǽϷһ޴ıը
Ǻʹôըҩʵʩ˱ƣǽͱһƬ֣ŵһŷȫըըˣź˳ըĵ·ϳ
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ǹٸˣ²ԽİɼʮȻ˵սˣǹǷ²ͿԲеļԱˣο׼
̾ǳԵˣȴǿеӲͷҲİٶˡ
ڵõһõ֧Ԯ֮󣬷ڹȫͼȱӵԮ
ԭ뷨֮УǿйͷԮǳ⣬һõķȥķ⣬ǿУתߡ
Ӫ͹ӣһӪҪʧһ룬ֻӲͷƤԮжγ飬ش󣬶ҳ˼˲ǹ֮⣬ʲôսƷû̵
žϲǲϲԮͬĵԮĴɻ٣һ붤λϣɹȴǳԷ⣬ԺɻƷ࣬սֲҲʱԳս
Ϊ˳ȣҲ˵䣺ԨָͤҪСЩҪǺϲӳ˿
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Ǳе˷⣬Цֻĸĺ꣺ʧԴҲģ¶ӪͷҲ׼˲
ΪţָҲв´εСЩˡ
˵ˣͳһҺԨͤеһ׼½ֺ֧ǡ
ţǸũıԸ񣺡󹦻øСˡ
ñսӪͷࡣ˵οҲǿЩЩӪͷǿˡ
ҲûжսӪͷοδԮô󡭡
丹˼䣺ˣ
ڼ£ҲЩηѵ
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һþͿԴߵľ棬һ£߸Ӫδܴ򿪶پ档
£Ҳܱ磺ϵܣǲͳ۳һǶһ³̡
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˲ٻɲӣǶԽĴֲû̫Ӱ졣
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Ӫ֧ԮǵսųǵѣʥУĵһܳԱӪ
ʱòλˣҽڱһԻ͵ʤⳡսת۵㡣
ǽźͶʮŴڽһٶȡйҪľݵ㣬ض֧Ԯ·ߡ
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ڹ˱֮ҽ첿ºսһ𡣡°Ц˵ţΪһʤڱɸһԮ
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һʮ ʼ
ԽҪ½͸ĵоǼɵ񣬷˰첻һԺҲͬ첻
ʹ˾ţ֮ͼɽСµıԽӣǻȴһһεʧʹѵųŵԽˮͨ־СӿϷЯڡ̹ˡ
ЩװͱԱֻһֱأʱķͬ޷еŶ½غ͸ӵʹ
԰ټƵĺѾͨɽּСԽڣǱɽУ뷨ͻǼ˻Ǽǿ˽䱸
ߵı߾ϹСǸ߼ָӹٲЩܷӼֵ
һ͵ı߾һξ߰˸ͶʮԽʿرе
ǵˣԼĴʾ˵ľվԼ֮⣬㿴κ˨DDϣ֡
ĿǺ󷽵ṩڻصĴǸṩ֧ԮDDԽϵࡣ
Ĵׯʮ·ЩɽֻܷһЩɽټٺʿÿѲӶҲһȤ
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ŮˣҲˣԲ⣬ҲѵõݳƷΪƳܻӭĶ
һ߽̤ĴţŵһصľζѾƾͱڵϣֻʣ˿ƿ
Խ˸ϲƣ̳ӵľΨһȤ
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ǸξڶҲԸӣǳѾ֮Ҳκζ˵Լʹࡣ
ץĲԽԽĸʯͷҪӲһЩҪҩƷûУŮԱοʵ뷨ֱӱء
ַ֮ҲԽԽԷӵı׼ˮƽӿϾ·ͥĳ̶ȣЩƫԶı߾㲻ָʲô
̫Ǹ̫ˮǸˮɽ廹Ǹɽ壬һжûб仯ξԼԽȵȥһˣѾơ
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һ´ȴûз֣Ǻܿ͸ܵͬ𶯣Ǻ

ʿǻˣڵڶߵľֱӽӵУ˶սƺˡ
ܿ˷ԼԼǹˣܿһʿؽеϵ۰ߺˡ
ߺǸΨһģԶȥֻϷܣҪɫѾˡ
˶жٺҲȱͨѶߣǺܿʹǰǴ˻Ϣ
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ֹˣǵĴʮţкܶȻڡ
˵Ĺ谭еǳˣûбѡ񡣡
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ȻڱĹơξյ˵ĻϢˣǸʫˡ
ξô죿ǵĵоӪ
ȻͬһķԽΪ٣Ƿɢȥֱӱֻӵĵֿͱ硣


һʮ 
ξʵֻҪսһ죬ЩԽϸͻͷڹ꣬Ƕսʼļʿûϸѵǳˡ
ĻոճڣڵѾХϣǺı־ʮȻڣڵɲСʧ֡
ˡ˲䣬ϸԱѾӰˣתܣеܵȥеǹֱǿܰ
ԭʮ˵һڻֻ֮ʣһˣ˫һӵХЩһӪ
ξѾǵĵˣȻûһӪװܺãԼСܿܣʿǣоͶһŵıǣǲòѵѡ񡣡
ƮϷķɫͻȻȥһ죺ǲǵսǿоͶҪõŷʽ
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òǹ͵ҩ׼ٻǵĻܵⲻǵս
ξжϣϸֳԥξ˵ӦڶԵ¹սսϣǵԵ¹˵ӵҰǡ
ڰˣǱͺⳡսûйϵ
ξ˵˶ͬڶݵĽӻ֮ĶʮʿеҩҲõӦĴ
ڱ߾ϳֶ𣬺û뵽ϯƵĸоͶϵķнˣԽӵķ²߰˰֮ࡣ
̫ٶʱ򣬺˾֮һϲãݣݣǰĴݡ
ڹȥʮСʱ֮ڣ߸ӪһӪĺӿ˽ֺ֧ǣκδڵͼϵı߾ǳ״磬еǹսȻ󱻹ĺ׵سơ
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Ӫĵڹȥһ֮ڱ𣬲дľݵֻ֮ǰһܽսСһıϲض˵Ǳͷȥ˳Ǵ⡣
һ֮ڽ൱Լӹģһĵоڴ֮ǰ붼û˳ǶΪԼ֮ڲͻ߾ߨDDʵԤһܡ
ǽʮСʱ˾ӪѾõ߾ѩһý壬ǰͬ⡣
ΪάֳΰΰսмķɢãǰѲӷɢС;ݵȥԼǰôһӴΰ硣
˰Ѳӷɢ壬ûме뷨ÿһʡÿһݸÿһضвפֳصһС
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ʵϵʧ˵ĻҪһЩǰɫļͷֱǴһڵͼϱʶǺĹԭľݵ㶼ʶɱоռ졣
Щսеľݵ㣬Ҳ̫ϣǿ϶ܼ̫ã󲿷ֲѾʧȥ磬֪ôࡣ
ֺ֧ܶɫʮѿڵʡͬʱ⵽ģĹפЩʡڵؾжⲨҴȥ
ֳ֪ʷֺƵľݵ㣬ֻѯʵͶٲӣʱڡ
һ벽Ӫǲܱ֤ǵİȫİȫҲ⡣
˲ĵожĹģͶ˶ٸӪǹƵͶı϶ʮӪĿǰѾжоŸӪķţȫʮʮӪ
ֺ֧ӵеķԽӼ٣ʮӪЩӪڷɢֳ֮ڣҪǼһ൱ʱĹ̡
رûе绰籨粻ȫֳ֮ڣһЩԶʡǵİࡢžݵеؾҪһʱ䡣
ʵֱڣ⵽ľݵսʼ֮ǰսһ֪һֱǺʼ֪¡
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µĺ߸ӪһӪһЩֱӣǧʿҪ˳Ǳߵõ֧Ԯôõľ棬ɲܻǵϡ


һʮһ սַչ
ν˴ͷ£ָľľ棬˹Ȼأڿǰʤǰͬǵǰ١
ǽֺ֧ǣ˾Ӫ˶ʮ֮õֳأĸ϶з˵̽ӡϸ죬Ҫ֪˿ǰԽԭӶ˵طӡ
ЩӶںûʲôøУȫΪ⳱ˮˣȻȳųŵؽǹǷӦû׼װŽҸͶ𷴿ľ档
οڲֻ˵ǿŽƣڿǰԾٶȣСֶѾвΧӪŸոͻƱ߾ߣɽս׶εĸ̣Ϸ㹻ĺ֡
ѲӲڵ绰ô飺²Բģ䵽ҸȨޡ
ˣϱҲ±ÿӶԱһҲٶಹˡͷʹ⣺ǻа˰ٷ²
ǽͷʽķ²ȻҲǳͶİȴЩ˺Ρ
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ȫԳΪһŵ֣ȴ뷨ٱһɣҪסӡ
һһڱĲӪǺųƺһӪϸӪҲûģȴ˵ûвӹǸɣұడ³⡣
ѵõ±һʦУЩһ̾ͽǹıӣ˻ɺͲ¼ɣ֣һҲУҾеˡ
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ǵӪһǿȥ֧Ԯԥһ£±ӦһǿԵֵˣӪ
ôӦһ̣һϺ磺ںɽ׼һش


ֱľ棬ڵͼֳ಻֪ʵľݵ㡣
ʵ֤ӷɢǰ׳յ⣬Ϊ׳յõӪֱӱ
Ƿ˻ǵĶ֣ЩӱϸЩӷɢڹĵϣˮĺDDЩʱɴǱͶϵİӴġ
ʧȥӺ;֧Ԯ֮󣬷Ӿͳ˺ɫ󺣵ĹǣಿӻڼսǸķѾֱӱˡ
սľԽϵطӣսһʼʧȥ磬ٻвӻȴʧڴ֮С
˺Ϣֺ֧ܶ¶ľ˵Ұֳصϣǵϡ
һӪһɹԱɵķӪڱټֳսӪѾϣɷֶӣͳʡ
һµĺϢǡ


һʮ ĵ
һµĺϢǡ
ǾǵȴңµĺϢѾˡ
°νľӳɹػ˱йӣʤعռ˱ǣ˵ֽսԺ󣬷ԽȡԻ͵ʤ
޼£ûܵκδҼڶܵصĴۣԶڽֳֺ֧սûдӰ졣
ڿÿ춼дʧȥ磬ȻĸӪڱٸǰȥԮǧʿԲһš
Ľֺ֧ǣѾΪ˵ء֡ԴԼֳء
ǲĵожˣֻڵͼϿͬһĵоһٲԾܶԼ飺ΪҪǱ
ܶû뵽Ĳ¾ȻôûģǵıǧƵսѵȴȥȣ԰ƵҪȣǾǡ
ǾԼڿİΣϾһֱ־DDһֳȫı־
ڷŭָЩСľ֮ܶȴǱֱð亹֪ͨͺܵ˹ⲻǿʣֳҪ֧Ԯ֧Ԯ
ԼʮӪʵסֳبDDľǵΪֹûŪͶ˶ٲӡ
˳
ֳֺ֧⵽ǿĹʧʮءפ˾ٴ˵ҲǽѫĴûᣬǵõ
ָűڰϵĴ󲿷ֱѾ£˳һЩطӣЩ˼ǽȫһٻǡ
ڵͼָĵĵ൱һѪսʼ
һ˰գעס
峿վڸߴŵΣȺɽվɭ纣β
ⲢǴõõΣһ˵ˣ
ˣ
Ǻãǵ
ԶѾǹ

峿ҲʼģһļѯʵıĽô
ɵĻһĴӪûиıԭĽ飺ݣƾͷ˽֣սֲδתƺڱ档
˳Ȼռ˱ιƺûлսû˶ǽһ׶Ρ
ռҲźԲù˼ɷ˵ķӦɵؽ뱱DDʵϷ˹ռ֮ǰƾѾʼʵʩ
ɽͬǲڴжĵûһһϣһȷ
֮ʧ޹ش֡˵ҵĽӪ£֧Ԯֺ֧ǣһսѾʤˡ
Ƿ̫ԭҾɽܴܵвƸǴӾϿ⣺Ǳ뿼ء
ϵ۱ӷѾõ㹻ĵѺƷ
ڵ۹йսУһżʣǱǵѺƷ
ڵ۹Ĺ۵֮УҪйͱӵ㹻ĵѺƷϲضϳжˣʹڼ֮У峯
Уֺ֧ǾĵѺƷҪ÷˸ôԼϾ㹻ĵѺƷԼռݽֺ֧ǼʡݣȻͻ
ʵҾûϷȥӪ
һİ裬ͬڷ籩֮С
ռĺϢûе裬ǽֺ֧ǴڼΣյϢȴڸҡҡ׹
ͶסҪٲӲܰѽֺ֧ǵľȶ
ر۹⣺ΪںͶ˴Լ˹ֺ֧ǣҪڽֺ֧Ͷá
Լʮּѣס˰칫淨ɫһۡ
һڸѾ⽻ȵľ棬һΣڷŰԭ԰ս޹ϵÿһԱÿһָ
ⳡսǾͲʧҵˡ
սûйϵⳡսĻȻԶԤеҪöֻ࣬һֲսѣʧ˷Ĺ塣
ΪֹΪⳡսͶǧɣһ»ǧɣǶôһǿĹ͹˵˵Ԫ
ڹᣬЩʱǣǰеĶԶ׼ڷܵʹࡣ
£ǰθңҪֻҪǧʿһǧɾͿ԰쵽Ժʾһֲε̬ȣǵΪֹԽͶ˲ˣʤȻԶǡ
ڽֺ֧ȴ⵽˹ȻᶨΪûѡ񣬵Ա͹ȴվҵĶ棬ұȼһս
ͬؽͷö˵ֺ֧ǵǳĳ̶ȣֳزӱĵо𡭡
Ǳע˵档Ļϵķ档
Ӫֳصķˣ֧һսģⳡսȴǵܵʧţ챨ֽͻṫϢȻڸᴦΣյľء
ڸڷ͹ʷѾڳڸ󣬵Ƿ͹ʷȫǵûһڸܱܿˡ
ڽ죬ϣܾܴð⡣Ѿⳡ鶨˵ӣţֳֺ֧ԮУÿһ˵棬ǼĿǰǲṩ̫ࡣ
һã
ѵ˵ǿֺ֧һã𣿡
ʾΪѣ޶Ĳ֣һá
½ṩһ飺Ƿͬʱ򶫾˳ṩһõԮ
϶ͷ̨ģһĲˣϣͬЭ顭
ʲôЭ飿
еĸԱĲþϣñͺڻȡֺ֧ǵĺƽ
Ľ飺ǴǽӶˡ
ǵģҲĪ˹¸ҵس˹εĻǻԴ˳ˣǽֺ֧һҪס
ĵߣһڸ󼴱ûйռµֳأҲסԭսߣţ½Ľ飬Ҹ˵ĽǿԶһЩѺƷڶǲһȥǿеģҲϣսģ󡣡
ʲô½ϣõȷȨȡжʱҪһ꣬Ͳӵʱ䡣
ûôʱ䣬ĸ£ںϵʱ䣬ѾȡһʤѾֻܼϣ̸ȡʤ
ڷ½ӵϣǵĵǡ
أ


һʮ ʧ
й˸׼ͼڴ·֯ǿĵֿԽ·˺ǰѺӵ̱һϵеĹ£ಽǹڻǰ˺ӺӰԼһشȫǿտҰһ޷ء˺ӼҼˮٶ庣;ĺӵɼ̵ķߡй޵̱࣬һʵҪ˺ĵطΪȻĳǱÿʮһۣеǽڻǹǿҪռӿ߶޴Ĵۣ޷ţʷȡһԻ͵ʤ
ʮʱҾʼڱǧϿ𣬵þͿʼǰƵĵطʱйڹɽϰţһȺĵĹڡǧʿչ׼Ͽոʱ򣬱һܺÿĳõһڵаĲ汬ը֮һˡʮʿûܣڼԶĵطǹй˳ΪǹǲãǱ˵ɽȥֻһں档ͣһЩʱһǧȻǹճ߻ֻһ롣ķڵһԼʮɽϱըˣľܣղŵָͬΪңǷӿصĵֿ
ڱׯ˶ʮ֮ãȻעеɽϵĹ£еİϳң½սӾңλңһŵǹŴׯɽһľֻǰǹ϶䣬ǳͨ·ɽϣûиѵ¡йѸٵģѾڴɽǰҪµİ·ϣмһڵط̧ǹǸ˵ǵʿǵӿеڻ𣬵ֻҪм൱õĲǹǾǼѹռأֻҪٲǹأƺܺõĽ֯ȻʹҾ߰Ĵۡ
ʵϣδκδۣռ̨Ͷʮׯ糿йԷǵʿ·ɢżԾѻһЩйˣ󲿷ֻǴǳ˷λɱƷˣҹüͷݶ¡¡
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ժԹֲѧУһһоսʷοϡİ裭һ˰ķӽԽϼǡ
ھŻڵ¾֮£°ٽժ¾ñڻн˱ǣͬʿһ뱱ǣʿǣǾ
ʿˮرλٽѾûмʤŮ΢ЦˣһʱǲŻָģվڱϣǾԼǲսʤģ꣡
̫ԭ׷̫ԭ׷
ûнйκμҵĵֿȻڷУĹǸˮƽģǵʿȴǸһ
һ뵽⣬˶һѪڵĸо̫ԭ׷
˵ֳ·һ·̫ԭܣһ·ɽˣǷٸע̫ԭʤ
һԻ͵ʤһʧȥѾõģٽ£ϣ䵱ȫļͷս̫ԭͷ

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ȻûкųƵһǹ°ٽǻͶ˽ǧʿĿǰܼģĲӡ
Ҳͬϣһٹ̫ԭǣȻӲвɽȴ̫ԭ˴ľӡ
Ҫ۳һЩرں󷽵ĲӣԤĻͶıǧ̫ԭ˵ʮӪϵĲӣвսӪͷ
ǵԶ͵Ϊֹ𣿡ӰǵٽǸ׼ķˣֻǳͳӣ˶ðǻˣҪֻһ£Ǿǽٽ
ڽ֮ǰһսƷ°ЦˣսֵĴתۣǿȻٷµĹ
ͬʱͬһڳ̫ԭӿȥǰȫΨһıϡ
ҪѲɽȥΪǺ̫ԭҪеǾӪһʵҲУǸʿ˶֪̫ԭǻð취
˷ǹ뷨й̽ĴϮ֧ڱĶ顣
˵Ӧ뷨˵ĹͬʱҲƣӦرһЩһ򹧾ԽϹԱǵʵĿڱݺݵͱһ
ǼûҼл״Ҳòȥ֣ͳ֮ģսз๹ʮ־ҪأֻҪ䲽ǹͿԹɸķߣЩȴֻһЩ̧ǹǹ׵ͻˡ
̫ԭ֮УȴвЯһЩȽ䲽ǹ߳ӵſӪڣڰЬӶܶ£ȻûЩصļһ
֮ûЩȫֻ֪ҪЩװ̫ԭȥͿԻһʽǮ
Խ·ļҵ׶ˣźҪĸأ׼ϵ̫ԭһüǮ
˳֮УҲѵмٵӰ㣡㣡߾Ϳ԰ȫˣƴѾɱӦǡ
ǶЩвС٣ӹ֮࣬ô⣬˺ƾһļϣֻҪѶ̫ԭȥƾ¾ܿļλ
ѲҲУְλҲУ̫ԭ㹻ıǮ
ǹѾԶˣڻǵʤ׷֧·ľӡ
ǧľӾͨС̫ԭǽڱ߾ϣͬһ֧ľӡ
սʼһ˲䣬ѾɳСԽʡߣѾŹģĲ׼Ϯ
ڸѾú˶׼մӱܿƾ¾طֳȺȺź£ЯŸָı
ԺҵıǮˣ˵ҹǧ˻᳷̫ԭ
ʷͬڳ;еʧ˺ܶ࣬иԱЯװ̫ԭڲͬĵ·ܿǱ
ֻһðȫЩǮӵǮ
ƾЦ˵ٿԶӪ
һѿڶôװôԱôˣ


һʮ 
ͬҲôĪذˣ
·һһ㣬ǰ飬ڹ渴ȫԽ֮ھͰøɸɾʲôû˵ڶѾֱֱȫѩһؿ
ûԼôʧܣڱ߰ʮӪͷԽһǺųƾ񣬶ͳӪҲ滴ϽװǸǹڲڻƹ֮޵ùһ㣬ôɵؿȥ
ֻ˯һǰѾķͳӪѲһ·񱼶ȥûŪô£ֻ˳һ·ɽȥ
꾭ӪһΪ̧̾ͣǹôûóƽ̧ǹɽ׹һ
Ǳ߻ƹĹ۶˺ƣ⻰һ䣺ѧʶƽ֮ʣѾǹڣ̧ǹǹˡһٸҲһǹ̨վС֮ԣҿ˭㣡
ɫѿ˼ƹ⻰ָƫƫţ˴£㡭㵽ڻ˵⻰ôฮɡ
ʲôýģƹǹúܣһĳʱҵƶ׶֮أʮɱҲˣŮ˳ضɱʬѪܵһᶽһź׼ңжŮаţһƹ޺ˡ
һкѴЦվȥˣԽŮӵзζ
˵ţЦŽ⿪۾ͳȥҾԵ֮
ĵҲ˻ƹĿЦ͵һ̨㡭
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ƹӲԼӦΣѵӵÿѲȴҧͼҳһ
һҲǴͷɥ˵ҸսȻû̹ЩҵҵڶŮѾˣû̫ź֮¡
û̹룬οϵΣж
ж˾жٱ֮жٶŮʾɣһô䡣
Ǳ֮Ҳʵʵڵذǰأʦ޹һս۽ɥʦʧأκ޷е
Ϊֹ֪ʧ˶ٱֹ۵Ĺƣ۽Ҳǧˣ֮ͬҲġ
ϵýãͻȻҵһǺңǺҴ壬Ǻ֮
һӱⷬס̨
ң㻵¡˵Ҵ֮ʣԭƴãǺǰŵǵϳҪϮҲҾȫ̲ͻ©þ澡һ֮ʧѺҴ̫ʥá
ѹͲ֣ԶԶԣ̨˵üǣ˵Ǽǣһʧľ棬ֻǺ£ˣӲǵҽЯеȥʤܵʧֳ֮£ҲӪޱȫ̶
۾һˣСҪר£ϴ˴Ϊת¡
ãããòôһķӣ췢Ӹ׷ҲҪӡ
˵һֽ뵽һ£ˣฮѯк֤ݣҿɽµռϳʣһĿȻ
˲ûдռǵϰߣռǻ򵥣ֻ뵹ڣ൵дټϺµ֤ݼɡ
ʷ֤Ǻεǵ⡣
Ϊ׵ĺ˰ӣһڿս׿ԽĹף峯βһ¹ռȷָ峯Ӳǿս˰ÿսĴʵʩһֿŷַչķԣĴ峯ӣ±ʧܵࡣ
һռǹڱսҪ͹۵һݲϣҲǵĿǰһս۵ΨһһֲϣļֵʤŽ콫иĲϹ
ҵʦܿ˲ʿойʷʮȷָ˰йһԴȪͬΡǵйٵû·ȥйǿĵ·ڳΪȨҡʵʩߣƵı趯ҡеһСйССݣȴ棬⴦ǿԣĻս;ıȡϷıرޡŷܵȺǶǸ
ǽͨһʾΪ֪ʷ࣬ʾܶɹԱ׿Խʷףʾ˰Ŀйԭд
ɣһִ꣬ڹŦԼǷ֮־硶һʵıսۨDDݱռɡһױӢİ棬ضϵʵķйαȨ߼

ǶıϾԼƤ²һ֪еȴǳ۵һ˫ȡ
ڱս֣Ȼƾ¾ܵṩһЩǰ߲Ӹ൱ĴۣҲʶԼȫ⣬Ҳ峯Աõ
ʱпʵţҲδţհһǻѪѩ
οںڷ׷˲ӣںſȥݺõҲûжˡ
ƾ̫ԭӵнʮӪǧɻƴؽе㣬ҴָǺϾ٣ʵȽڶʱڣֻҪɵƾµϹָӣ̫ԭǰ߲ûд⡣
ֻǹ˱֮㹻ķܱųʲôط
ľõͼ𵵰ĳȡҪ֮󣬵ת뵽ҵĲϡ
Ҳѵø˳㱥һ۸
ҺľһֵζһұϸӪӽеԽɻ񷨹ļͺľɵ
еĵڳ۵֮£ԵþõͼͷڲһСһӣֱҪĵͼ⡭
֪һ˫ȣһж¶С
Ǽ޳ģͣжʱǾʤա
ԼӦжˡ
ҵˣˡ
Ѿϸ֮ϡ


һʮ 
ķͬ΢һ㣬۸оһĪĸоӿš
ҳһ֪ĺţ֪ʲôԵʣŵһ֮ʼֱĸо
оԼӷ·öȴǵͷѵͼúá
ּжţԽأڴȵڲǰĴڲ࣬һһεС
ͬϵһ㶯ͼѾһ࣬˫ֽסӣ𡭡ǰ졭졭
·Ҫ޳Ҳ֪ԼôôУ鳱ԼӿֻǼ򵥵ļ·ѾҪͶˡ
֪ĻȻ˵õಡⷽ죬ʼǿڵĳ嶯κһ˶޿ָ𣬵ǱԼҪСһЩѹ̢֮ǿƲסԼİ⡣
ûз
Ѿһ·ۼžҪ̽һԴһеļѾ֪ںδ˵ˣȥ
һԴѾǺˮ죬ѾͶˣԼڻȻԼƽʱϣȻԺر⿪¡
ҲǼ޳ģºͶŵı滹һԻζŵ飬Ѿһߺţһץסڵȫ
еֻѵһжҪܣͰȫĵͶ뵽һ֮УԼ⿪˰µȹڣһ˫ϻţ⿪
ڼ뼡ȫӴ˲䣬رסһ㣡
ֱغס飬ҧǷۺɫСѣһһռأѾȲ˵죬Ҫˣ
ϣǰϷѾĽ룬һֵĸоĻصʱҡΣѰŸĿ֡
ˮܿƵһأֻԼֵòܺÿһжϴһأð
ȫĵͶⳡ̢ȥÿһν붼ܵõȫĵĻӦƽʱĶŵŮ˲һȺҵ߶š
һѾȴκζ
ܿ죬ֿʼһ̬ѳ۵˫ԼļȥʼһĽѾȫˡ

һڸǳõĵУǺܿǰͱЩ
ûʲôҪĹҪǴȻӱͺڶһЩļ˾ĸְܺܺõļĴֻΪеĴֶˡ
ǲųĴӣɽ֮߸Ѿȫ˴ӴŮŮת䣬ҲܸԼڲĻһ
ȻһǳæµˣǵĶ貢ƽϦ飬Ƕֻ¶մǱ˳ӣѾѵõҸ
˳ǳһȺ̫֮⣬±磬ڶõ»ʵ۵ѾˣΪԼ㲻ѳᣬҲֻ乬жȹ
ĵ޾ԹԣǶǺ˼ҵŮҳòʹɫﶼö˶˳Ļʹ֮УעֻܳΪеˮΣһӡǶ¡
ֻɽǣǲŻҸһҪ񣬶ҪԼϾ˵˽˰칫ңֻԼ֪ɱ֮ڡ
¶մŮܵģ˭ȴǳڵ֮ңͬõһȽϣǱ֪ԼҸ֮ףο֮ңǶöĻʺһܼ֮ʵۼΣ
ֻԼԼѼǵĴֿʼ˵ֱȴ֪дЩʲô
££Լͷгˮɲˡ
飬ЩŮ˼ͬһׯǰ˵һһ뵽Ҫȥս࣬ˡ
ЩˣսȻܴǹȥܵסįһ뵽಻ʮȴҪһ֮ãЩԹ
ȴ˵Թżڵ֮ҵŮһûпն֮ʱѾҸˡ
Ҫࡣ֪γȥ֮󣬷ǲǾͰˣǰˡ
һϾһҸĸоûˣǾܻظ˳ˣǸЩ
˳ɵĳƺţ˾Ķ󣬿ϧƲرߡ˳ǾҸֲ֮յź
˷ˣԵԽϻʵۣǸׯǰ˵ǡ
һ˵⼸ŮǶ˷ˣһһ̸
˼㲻ʧܣҲ޷ڶڻܺϸӪʵѾԳƻʳƵˡ
οȡԽ϶֮Ҳ˳飬ʧ£ϴ֮Ωһ峯ܲͨù
Ҫ֪Ǭ¡ʱɽϣ֣ϣȡ϶֮峯棬ԽȫȻޱΪɽƣʿǧʮȫ˳ʷһʹԵļ¼ˡ
ǰԽͬĸ棬Щǵġ
οԽֻܹʵۣõ»ʵۣһ֮峯ķŲǶȿҹƵۣƽʱԷԾӣƽʱѲҪԾӡ
еĹ־峯ֻҪ㹻ʵǹʵΣֻ򾫱ǹʮŸڣйʵ۶лᡭ
˵ţȴ˴˵ҵ־ڴˣ
˵ţķŴˣ鳩Ѿ˳Ǽҧͷôƨɣ
ȴȵ˵˿ӣϽǶһ
ǳۣɫ죬ȴ˵ˬһڽõ񶼽ضԼȴǺͷȥ
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ڵۻ֮λȳϣرʱЩǲҪӲΪãȻǵڶԬı磬עȨ
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ӢҪ뷨̸еˡ


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òӢ˽Խʾ̬ȣʲô
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˫ֻǽ˼̸Уֱ̫һɢʱ̶ûö
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ļͬ÷˶񲻿ɶһһķҲǵ־
Ǿúȸð˹ŵֻҪݣһ˰ķ
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ƺҵ׼ƶӵزԽϲȡκŻŵߡ
Ӣֱܵ룬رģӢһǼ㾫ƣڷͷѪ֮һ¾淨˻ȡڡ
ӢȻųǰ뵺ռңղ۹ʱĵһǿ޵Уǵ½ͬȫһԽսȴԵȱݡ
ʱӢ½ѵʵսȫһȻڰϷǵܴ죬ֳطĲȷʵƾ˫ǾͬʱȴҲһּȱݡ
½ܱٵÿάղ۹½ʮҪפֳأıٵÿ
һսڣЩޱȵĲӿƱ׿ԽǺ͵¹˵ĵһս׼ȷܼĲǹõ¹Ϊװ˴ǹñƵĵ¹Ĵۣļս֮ӢҲܻظյٻ
󲿷ݵľٺʿ⼸Ի͵ʤʧˣ֧䲿ӸӦսӴģӢ˲òʬɽѪ֮ؽȫ½
ʱԵأӢͶԽϵıޣѾսԷչӵ򾫱ӽʽ䲽ǹϰŸںڡ
Ϊһв˵Ӣ鱨ռҪǿţǳ˷Ҫ֮⣬ձͶҪļС
ΪӢΣջ޷ͨڼľʡ

ӢѾ˿۶׼
йõ鱨ӵдԼʮʮӪսĺģЩɸúϽĲš
еĲӪݴʿ;¹۲Ա鱨װ˺ŻǹΪӣ𲽱Ӫװ˺ƵȻڣСͻڶԷ˵жвܴѾƲװǵӢӡӡ
ʮźŸڣ󲿷ǽɻķڣĵ¹ڣ֮ȻڵװԼһңǺеڱ
ıһԭԽӣЩطװӣսܲ
Ӿ൱ǿսʿʢõδӣرǹǵһˮ׼ģڹȥļڶλܷӣرɽս֮Уֳʷʹʧܡ
ĸ߼ǶսһȺˣȻľӾŷ޹ҵˮƽȥԶǲòϣӰ쵽ǵĺƽ
ĸݵؾԽ߾߲ңԶԺɵؽ㶫ʡ۽׵塣
Զ飬ڹȥļʮ۹Ͷ޵ĲоӪǾۺӰµĹ㶫ܵȺǿĹв
һϿƣԶפӦȡ̫ƽսʱڲȡߣϵزȡжǲ㹻Ԯڱ¾Ա
ڵõ֧Ԯ֮פȡнƵж֤е߲ܵ𺦣ǵձǱֻ֤Ҫṩ㹻ĺڱϣǿ㶫ǲԼһʦԮǲĳŵ
ѾͬһЩ쳯Ա̸УΪ˷ֹ̫ƽıݣ˽ͬǽʱṩṩһЩֳزӡ
ҪǺ۹˴װ;ʣ͵͵˳ۣԴϣڸܾǵľԺǿʵʩȫˡ


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һжɵģҪĻԼǮйҪ£ֻ˵һн۾ȫϷġ
פӢ˾û뵽ܶ·ԶԺʵʩȫˣǱȡ˵ĽѵںǷһǧɵĻûл
ǲҵ񡣡ܶȻûиıѵ뷨ɸۡ
ʱǿȻվͬһϣ֮ìʼǲɵͣӢ˺ͷʱڻսͬˣֳǶչҵľվͬһսϣȫӢŶŬĽ
ۺҲһԾ֣פӢ˾ر˵ǺͷһŹͬ棬Ǽ۾ôпܻᱻԸǣⷽĽѵǷǳ̡
ףٽƾʿǸӢˣƺԲȡжǸҵ˽⣬Լı
൱òκԮҲְܼϡܶµ鱨ǷǳȷеģҪǿȻںͲǹǹӵȻСƷʸ쳯κһұ
ģǱ۵һλЭǽһȻʡ
͵˰𣿡
ûУⷽǸطĺ񡣡
ԣǱϷ˰ĺ񡣡
ܶŲϵĿǣԾʵʩȫĹƣ۵ó״ͣ٣ǽԾʵʩƣҲó׵ή
۸йʿУɫңֻܱ֤Щеʹ۾ڣȴǷо
սѾӰ쵽ۣóѾܵشó׺ݻľѾ˱۾õ֧
ڹȥļѾ۽һӢľʣҲΪҪʼɢأڣۻӽ
Ϊ˶Ͼ˺й˵ĹӦڽһͽ޹Ǵй˼䲽ǹǹӵһʣúڹһЩͲϵ鷳⣬ûжӰ졣
ܶӭ־㷨Ҫʵв۾ʣƮҡӣӭǵж
ٽҿӪ㱣㶫ʱ򣬽ӵа˸ӪǿڱֶӣұñףֵñóϷչġ
ƾʿ˵㶫ʱ򣬸ǵĹƣֻɳʮƣͲĲӪǾŷˮ׼ĲȻкܴ࣬κһ֧쳯ӣҪĲӡ
ʱŷޣͨڶ޺Ͷ˵ӣȻԽϽӶس˰̣ܶºľȴԭڷ˵֮ϡ
ǻշսӡǵԺ֮УԾŮӢô˸ӪĲӽһ⡣
ӢӪû⡣˾پòҪӢӪ
һӢӪ
ҪӢӪȻˣɳıԼʮӪң԰˸Ӫı޷ǡ
Ҿȡڼ֧֮ǾͿȡȫȨˡ
ϣǵ뷨Ǻܽӽʵķչ

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ҲϾĹϵһǹչĻǿ϶䵽ȥ
๩Ӧ̶ͷǩռʵЭ飬ڿʼ˽κƵǵУ˵˹ȴǹŰ
Һǲϵһѣ
ѣѣ
һ⽻ԱҲ˹ֺ֧ǿоѾΣ棬פ¹ݽܶ飬Ҫ
Ǽ뿪ۣҲжѺ
ﲻͬʵϵ˹ںѺ̫ĶעѾݵ̫ˣ˳
κһֻҪᵽ뵽ĺ۵Ĺ֮Уռķݶ
۵Ĳǹӵɱ˷ʿ۵ľװѾѾı׼װѵ졣
Ҳ죬ΪҵѶ˹˵ֱ׳ս޷ʤҵҲҪʤ
˹ͷһ¹̨嵥ǳ۵ȫʣǿ£ǳ۸
޳ܣһ⽻ٳȥͲȭˣ㱳˰˵档
˹ó嵥ȫڲֿѹʣǼʳĺڿʵȤɺС治ĶֲǹѾʱװм۸ߵһЩװ
ǵ˹ȴǸһ߼ۣˣѵĵ˽нף뱣֤Լ㹻ԡ
һ⽻ټԺҪڷõһʶ
ллĶѾ㹻ˡ
˹ŵ˵ˣڷɵıֵֻܸԪӢԪĻԿǡ
ڴֽҵͶţټϺڸ׳һЩӡƼӵķֽң·ɵܴܵⷴ˶ѭ
ڷò㣬ԽϲսķӱЯķɣǱüߵļλóףÿǶԽʹüɵֽңԽ޷ôķֽңټϺҵĳ´ɲòۡ
۵жϣһδֵĿܣǲûйշɣɵ˹ǹشˣҲһɽսʧܣɻ᲻һĲֵ
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һ侲⽻Աַڹ̨ϣĶݣġ
ĻΪʷʵ
˹ɲвֱλ⽻˵һ仰Ļ

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ܲ˵۽еĻȡ൱ĳɹٺѾǲ󵱳ƣĳЩҪǿס˺Ĳӡ
Ե˹кִ̾Ϊףۻó׹˾÷˷ŭǣۿڳͻ̫ĿζͱըƷ
ҪĿζᣬֹⷽģеУվһ棬ƴͻζᡪ㲻Ҳ߼չ
ͬͻըҩͻҩһϣͻжúǳصõҪһС˶ռЭ飬κʱٲ˽µĴ
Ƕھ˵õʱ
ڵ˹˵Ҳ൱ʱ򣬿ż˵Ŀһ˵Ǯˣȥһ˸۶

ǲۺͲеߵķɣһС־ʣȫ֮Ը⽻һķ𡣡
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κʱͨУսڼձŶͰ·۾ʵԻԴǶһЩͰ·Ĵαȴް취ЩͨĴ̼Ҹǰ취ࡣ
ڱӣһ걱ƽվһʿǰʵа̺ڹȥ·ԪƵҪʣųƿǰ󣬱ƽվΪβˣϳͲȻʹֶΨDD
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˵һֱнӴ
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ƾʿֱ˵˵⣺˹۹ѾΪ̸емˣѾͬˣڹҲµǱ˺⣬ǡ
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Ӣְ֧Щˣѱĺ⡣
ãƷǳΪԽϺп⵽һʧܣֹκжȻǺջ񡣡
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Ц˵ڻȡʤ֮ǲԺǲϣǽ㶫ΪرǱ쳯ǩЭ飬֤Ӣڻ治ʧ
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Ž֣ǵΧܽ룬ҲԺṩһЩϵİ
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κιңĽЩУҵҲ⣬ףУĵ
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ʱգڰѧУıҵԽսŰܣʥУĵһҪ磺ţһ֮ڽսⲻҿտ˵ģڴϾϸо֮ŵóĽۣǺսģѾشĸ
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ƿɹ˲ô࣬ٴظ˸ոյõ鱨һµĲããһãƺҲ׼ʼжˡ
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ӽҽþûԴˡгţʥУĵһɣ
ǵģڷ޵ιԱӪһλǳķ٣ǱСġ
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˵ǸҪ⣺ø鱨Ȼ󽻵̫ԭʲô鱨
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·ֿҹλŮһڴϾԼҵʱ⣬뵽İãԼһؼֱǶԲԼ
ǳãǳãƾܣҲס̫ԭҵԮ֮ǰ
Ҳһ㣬ǲɢ֮󣬴ݵǧѵʱԲ벿ӡ
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ھϵƶȫ񶨵̬ȣ̫ԭǸнݹȻΪɼĻرԸһ̶ȵĽ͡
סŴǰһǸâ¶ϸӪͳ죺˺п֯һνɽıô٣ǲǳԵؽһսƭ
Ҫʮ㣺ܽ⣬ȻһЩӪͷϸӪһжԷġ
ƶںЩӪͷͬųģҲһ㣬ΪıұָںڵıȽϵ˶ԣơ
ҵָӹ١
ת˵һ䣺׼һŴ󴲣ʮ˵ġ
һŮˣǴͷȥƽʱľĳˣҪģ
ҪںĴ㹻ˡ
ںķʽƷʤϲðɡ


һʮ սĻϣ
ֹ۵ǻ໥ȾģʿһѾƣһѲԶֺһָӹ١
У׿Խޱȵָӹ٣ʥУĵһǴʤ
κָӹٺκϣҶѾˡһʿڵ˵ֻϣܰǻعȥ
ԽǸһ൱ʵĵطȻȲϷȴûȴֵĿȺͺ꣬طѾãÿ¶Ҫϼβܵʧܡ
ʤҲֻܿŻ˱˱ʬ壬ڳ־õս֮ԭѾûҹעݼ٣עʲôʱܰǻعȥӺڵɽѾһ꣬ȴûꡣ
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һ𣿡Ȼ˵ԼѾˣĵ׻ôһ˿һϣϾΪԪ˧ͽÿһʿ룺ʲô
ұ֤ˣʥڣǿԻؼҺͼžۡһڶϱ˵ҸάҵУѾˣ˻ؼңҲκζܴǻؼҡ
ؼҲϣܻؼҡ
ʿǵֳһ֪ҪʲôҲ֪ôʤⳡսԶ˵ҪܺȾҪǵȻǿһγɹķǵ𡣡
ǱкܶಽźͲӪǶ࡭߼ʿ
һսЩʿѾ˸˵Ӣ¿Խһѵ뷨ʵһЩ⣬ȷ˵ôʤ
ûоಽӪͲţȴʱ̣УǸţš
ѴĲ˽ֺ֧Ǻ˳һˣдԼŵĲ̫ԭԷֹｫӱǷ
Уִӵ˵鱨ãǵһ׼ֺ֧ǣó֮ǽռȫơ
Ӧ˵鱨жǼݵģѺĵʵ൱ӽڶ̶̵һ֮ڣѾʿ²ٵġ
λУǼţѷӡ
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Ȼغһ֮ǹԶÿüط˳ȺȺĺ
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ƶⳡսʤȴôãǲһӪǺʵġ
һ÷ӵбƺͻƣȻ޷սʤǡ

й˳ˣǿˡ
ںڵ˾ͼѾΧˣõһЩӪϸӪͲӪǵرСȻڼһЩҪء
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ȴǵǲӪԵִڣõȫִڡ
ǳϢõĻӺһõرӸǵ˿Խģǽӭһݡ
ΪǱӺٵһֶַӡһܺõָӹ٣һսУӵбһĽȫȨЦ󡣡
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˲ӢϣֲӢȫ֣̽Ӣ˵ĵߣͼ˫ԽܵЭ顣
˶ӢҪǰȥĽ飬˵ûдսûʲôõսΪٺ͹۲Աְһӭᡣ
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շս֮ɨŷ޴½ķڳ˷̵Ķ󣬶ԽϵʧǶһѣЩķŮˣڱһȺҰǿ
ʼԲеΪĵһȺ٣ǿ֮ԽʧܵһͿǵĵ̫ǿˣǷ˴̫ˡ
µĻӴӳ֤ǵĿЩķ˸ൽʲôĳ̶ȣӢǻһѪȵӭһȺˣЩ˳˺Ⱦ֮⣬ʵûκֵһĵط
һ߱ǽӴÿһ棬Ժʾη壬Լ뼸ʮҰ˽սеһ̵˹뵽ڸ
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ΪһʯǫںƮһʾ֭Լһİ취
ӱԽĺѾʶҪעĶձѾʮֹڷԽս鼮ǾʿΪǶԺ˽òҪýһ鱨
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һƵļϸһƲˣֻΪ;źĹϵű򷢳ȥ
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УرʡЭͻᣬһŶ棬ͳǻһΰ󣿰ʯǫ

СûӰ쵽սļУʵκ˶û뵽ЩСԶӰ쵽ʷ
˫սڼ񣬷Ѿǿ֯һֿߣ˫ڵֿչĲ
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ȴһֽѵľ棺ˣҪڱ֧ԮûڱǾͳˡ
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ｫһҲǵѡ񡣡
У仰ɵ˵ͷûǽｫһǰڶӵĳ̶ȡ
ԼķߣкǿģȻ˵һ͹֧飬ǼؽԵҪ㻹Լϡ
⼸ѷϣҲֻ׶ϼضѣɱޡ
ҪٽһϾͿԵִڣʱͷںڳʦ޹Ǽֱ͵Ļᡣ
ⳡս֮ԼͲҪٵһر˰ɣ
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ǽںʼհӵĽʹˮ½šҪĸףΪȷġ
ΪֹӵиײҷͧΪ֪ΪսĹٱ֪粨ĻȾҪϾ·ͥοȷʵء
һµ˵ǣй˼ϰŻںͽͧжԺ䣬СڴǧټʮŻں󣬲зŵ½ϴʧ
ڰ֮ǰ°ȷʵ©˹ؽһ㣺ѧˮ˵ʥУĵһȷʵǸֵڴˡ


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ѴĲӵϷ̫ԭ棬ǵʵʮӪѷȴӵãڹȥս֮УȻһЩݵ㣬ѾǳƣͣҲС
ԸΪｫһμһεĹٻս⽫Ҿֵûһξ
ӰԼλðڵ÷ǳһոƸУѣϸ޷Ტۣｫָӵصһⳡս
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ģʥУĵһġĵ׼Լһ̲ĸо
һӪλԾһõָӹ٣òһЩǰûǹ⣬Լиɻ
Խĵ׵ĲԽֱ˾ʱ̲ƽ
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ԳһѾƵζȨζսҪٻʮʱŽλϡ
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ĵ׵Ĳ벨ûб°ε˲ΪǽǴս֮ǰ˷ܶѡ
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ߵսٲңҲѾ޹شˣֻҪֺ֧Ǻͺڳ´ʤ飬ǱһоС
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ǾԵĻս


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ҷڱصβܶԺʵʩϴĸеһڱûȡЧĻ޷赲
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ͣȴŨǸγҳһ·ŬʧܣòԵô粽УֻԭشȦ
ΪɳһʹﱨϢǴ֮ʹƺһЩ⣬ֻͽ޹ذԼĲӴԭء
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ҪֻǰķشѣΪǿʼ׼ĳ档
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ѾһЩضں棬ǷȱǷǶһһʮһŵķʿǣȴԼĿ
׼󹥻ɢһҪɢͻ
ǰѾڵϣϺô̵׼Ľϴ̵Ҫռ˵أҪ÷Ƿļȡ˴̵ҪǵСȻں񵯣׼ͻ
ӭҵǹڳźսϳȥ


һٰʮ ׽
ϵۣǣ
һʮһţǰ
αϡ֮󣬷Ѿɢͻʶ᳹ʮͻĶ൱ɢڹܼγһŹģķӡ
ðкǹߺţӶżǰܽǵԺ֮Уʱ򰮶ӵĲýͻıǵĳһɵС
ǺҲϲõÿŷųĶΣǲЦˡ
ɽս֮Ƕûļų棬һ˲䣬صĻ㶼ͬʱ
ʮߺ׵ĻصŨ̺ХʽȻڵɢεĴǹӵûֹͣĹ
һ˲ʧȥƴܣͼڻĺҳϣǵǵ꣬ܵȥÿһӶһ˵¡
кûͣϢȻеļԼŶ׼ӵֻһףͱ𺣸ѹ˻
ϵĵоʼȫǸߵصĵоҲȫ𣬼ٷڵڶ֮У˷籩һЧ
ҵıըԭеİеķһΧҴΨһϣ
ȻڱĺЧΪͣǳһʬ֮⣬˱תܣʬԱֻתǴʯͻĵط
ӵĲûڹţĹЧߵӵ㹻ؾͻ㣬ӽ̿ʽĹûȡκֵһЧ
һһʮһˣ
һı˵Ӧӣ
еԮҲѹţһһʮһžͱĻţǵĳ˴޴֮ʲôҲûʣ¡
ȥǣ
Լʹ´ĴҳеΡ

սһӰҲ̫ණȻѾȥ࣬˽սù߻ǵ绰
ܿõٱǵϲãͳ죬һˣȻǲѶͰȫǵĲбǰ
ǸЦ۾ˣˬһˬþûзӳˣ
ȴѯţӵ
ûһ𣬷ֲ˭ǰӲӣ˭ﲿӣ
Ƕǵˣ´жϣʼСֶӽзĲʱ׼̹
һһʮһŻμӹʮֻʣ˲ˣһѵʱ̣ʣµķȻûʿĳ̶ȣֻʯ󣬱ڱַ
ںӵҲౣһֱܵĳ̶ȣֻżŷ伸ӵڰⳡҪɢȥ
ǵǹһһʮһŻս
˷ܣ֯һȥӦһһʮһţ죡ûжʱ䣡
ҪԽӦļƻǾܾˣΪָӹӦеһΣǺܿһʮСԸվ
èۿԾģǻԱʬ嶼
̫ˣԽԽΪڻʯҲܿȫ˺У㹥Ŀꡣ
һҹһȻڵÿһ䶼ɨһ飬˸˻սǷ֯һǹ
ǵȡõսСԺ޹˼ɵһгߵĿ꣬ӵĹѾ˵֡
ȻʽĹȡһЩɹĳɹʵ̫ˣΪ֣صؿǲҪͶһĲš
һ뵽ղһһʮһŵĽѵһֲڵĸоûǰȫΪΪãһһʮһá
ȴǸģһһʮһŻ־ԸɵĳڳѾ¸ҵؿأһٽ֯Ǻ󳷡
ɢøˣԭΪһսӰ٣ǷּȻ˷ǳƵĹ£ⲻҪҰսսǱ׼Ĺս
ģ
ǶȡļսѾ̫ģɽսͶ˶ٱʱǷԽսĶ壬ɽ˻ˣһɶ
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ʱǰͻȻһ
꣡꣡
ܿʿǱܣ־ԸǰһһʮһŴˡ
һһʮһŵĵǻˣǻˣ
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ǳ
ҲΪеǿȡʤ
ܿͷֳһһʮһŲƵǲμι˵߸ӣڳʿȴֻܱӡ
ϵۣ鴫عڵĻ֪ôľף
ǻд鷳
ǾͲӦͺǿսǵΧ
վŵʿǶԼû̫ģһĽս֮İѾӰ٣˶Ǹʵ⡣
һһʮһžǷǳõʵǲˣҺչ׷˫ڱڼҵؽսţȡٶȷеӵ
ѯʵұش⡣
ڸղţѾת̽ԵĹǵСֶĴѰĿ꣬˷չ˹ƣǹڶġ
ｫ
УָӺڻһһʮһŵĳˣ
ԱȻûвμֱӾԮһһʮһŵжڻָӣ
սѾش仯Ҫ˽жϡ
ｫȥ
ܿ˽ţУｫ
һܣֱӱ棺ٽ£ʲôָʾԸһ
ߵõһЩܿ;ٽôˣ
һܣѪڵϣɫ԰ףҽڸŽƣУｫˡ
ô£
УһЩʧ񣺡ٽôḺˣ
ٽ첿ڻһһʮһų󣬵ںͺսĹУٽĲıǲұһȻڵУˡ
𣿡
൱ءҽϵĿ˵ʱΣգӦһȥ
Ϊһٽóȴһ䵱һָӹ٣ڳ֮󽫻о޴Ӱ죺ȥҪˣУ£
ңԺһ⣺ң
ٽ¸ָ֮ӹ١
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һٰʮһ תϣ
ӦеΡ
УԾغһңҪٽȨ
ÿһʥУıҵһһΪΣû뵽شһ˲併ˡ
ļϵһʿ;ΣⲻǰǵѲжһļսԼĶװݵĺǿ
û׼ȴͷϡ
ҵȨ𣿡
ûһѪɫѾ˺üƬУ
ԭᣬһ˲ȴϣΪӵָӹ٣ҽ֧ӵָȨȨ㣬ϣԤʹ
ؿǻǿڵϼ´֧ӽָӡ
ǹͬһڿл죬ԶȻڵʱʱ£ǵ첿ѾѰκһܱȱڵĵشżҲʼ˹
ܵȫΧһ̵İУȴԺһƬհס
ҪеشΣȫû׼
ıѾ˺ˮ֮ǰǿһξжҲμһЩԱӪѲжЩжɵ÷ǳãϼָ֮ɵġ
תͷȥһȺıѾѸ鱨ʲôȥ
ֻǸܵһΣһ޷еΡ
Ѿȫ湥ӼҲʲôȫشһһʮһŵܸǼʧܵľ档
һ˵ԼȴҲԼ⣬ֵ覡
ǡԺհ֮ڱˣǱȡж
ǵжƺ
Ҷֶ̽Ի޷Чûȭͷӣ
Ϊֹ׷һһʮһŵĲͶӪ֮⣬սʼСֶж಻ǼǿĹģܶ෽ֻмǿŵĹģܼвӸһηĻͻȥĲӣпܵһηǳصĴ
ĺˣȴǷſˣǵĶֲһаӡ
ûӣһ˰ŵľ٣ֻһźĵطǾûбٽͳӡ
ʷϰһ½УУȴɹ÷ڸ̨ˣڵеԽκһ졣
ᵽʧʱֻҰοɽʧһ˾ŰʧᲢۣ˴βսҾһţȫˡ֮⣬˻ʧʮŴڣǵ˾һ˾
ǿЩǽеİοˣ漣İУȴһʼ͵õָӣʶǷľͰ̵һ顣
ҵãȻݺݴҪĽѡ

սһѾϢܿ췢֣˽ս
÷ǳŭÿһ˷𣬲ʲôľ٣Ҫ޷ɵʹ
ǶԼȴȫʧȥգԺ֮һƬհֻһ׵ľ룬֪Ӧôȥ
ΪԼһĽܳͳ˧һȴԼûʣòΪԼۣѵ񡣡
ǾȫûкתͶԽԽĲӣһӪǵҲ࣬ҪԮ
һǿ
ַһ˵ĲӪڻ֧Ԯ
˷ǳˮӿĺƺǷ˵ʮһٱʵϲμӹĺ󰮶ôࡣ
ΪֹûгļֻǷǰߴμӽĵоģѨDDκһ֧ӣоģǺ
һĲǰߵһؾУһӪҲͬλؾظһأ£ӷŬܸıκξ档
Ҫ֧Ԯ
ǵо
͸ĺǧˣȻΪһһʮһŵսܵսϵȨ˺ֻ֣֮Ҫһָӹ٣רҵˮ׼ָӣúһ
ǰȻڡָӹ١УڲԵ÷ǳңظżȫ෴ԤڸҪص
ΪҲ𲽼ǿһγԵؽŲŹģĽĽ÷Űӵ
һεشεİӣλʥУĵһڳĬˣѯʵУô죿
Ҫȡж
ȻؽеҪȡжغͱװˣ


һٰʮһ ת£
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ӵ˼·̫ԾˣߵһȦ˶ΪԼĶ⣺Ҫˣ
ûسˣԱȫǵ
Աҵ˵ұΪӸ𡣡
ǳ˰֮⣬ûΪг˵ıҪھתҷսӦǴƵġ
սǶãΪֹ󲿷ڱûзʮӣΪֹһǹû
ĹȻϯǵĲȴɢ÷ֿڳһһʮһ֮⣬ûиκĴ
οһıԼбҪһ䰮УΪ˸ı䶫սֲġ
ǺıҾΪֹͶıԶҾΪ࣬£ֻѵѡ񡣡
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ʲô֮İ˴ֱҪԼŹı˾ٵսָӹ١
ʵж˾£οȷʵսϵָӹ٣ȥһЩıš
Ǵӵǰ˱ѵʹǷǧоΧ֮սҲǼѵġ
οڹȥսеҩͲĹľѵһη˹ĲƷ䷢㹻һս۵ĵҩ
ЩƷѾ˷˵ĸǻҵļ󣺡۶£۶£ܴҩߣСжѾƣǷָʿɡ
µ֮УΪս׼ʮԪīӥЩӲͨԭʿžúںʵģҾڰӵ֮£ӵȥЩҷָʿ
һЩɻıҲˣĳȻ֣˳ˣˣ
ڱǺĿ䣬ʧ֮󣬺Ѿַ׼ˣͬˮһӿĳɸ谭
˳ˣƲʵǳˣ
ǵģǳˣȴĽǵĻ
ͷˣδսۣûһսϷԡ
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رһ˵ЩսƷ֣ϲüң˵νɻսƷ㹻úʮ˨DDʮԲˡ
ȴץ˵绰˵ҪսƷ͹Ѳѹȥ½ƻңҪظһɽ漣
ظһɽ漣
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ҪŹһˣ

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˵ĳ֯ͷôֱӵָӣȴĿ顣
ֻӵηɹ˾֮һЩԭľҲо⣬ǾĳˣǻЩ
˵ĻǾͱʧǧƵʿɵʣУҽͣˣ͵ֿ֯
һУطŰӵ飺Ǳأ
Ǳ볷ˣӵҲеѵһĪ˹ƵıǱ볷ˣ
Ǳأɽڹڱأ޷沿ӳˣŰʮ׻ڰ
ҲԸЩصĻڡ
Ѿһʱ˷Ӧ˾٣ıѻڶƵȥ
˺ʷһģһķӦǱѵʱ̣ѵѡ񣡰ѻںڵƵȥΪӻʹá
УѾ޷ⰮӣûгڣǱһȺڱѾڲıĴߴ֮£þȫŰʮڶƵ

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һЩȥģгӥڵԭϴڳ⳵ҲųΪӳ˵ؾߡ
ǲӵĳȴԽԽңԼڴֱĺзһ㣺καصأǱȡʹж
һЩԽϿѯţүȫӵʲôԴߣ
Ǻܿ켸ȻڵʧˣҲȡͷķʽˡ
ƾγɵĴͳǷеһ㣬Ǻֱͬһ㣬ʱ޿̲ڹŷ
ѹ֮£Ѿȱϣ˼ˣײسͱڵ·ϣӵĺ˾޴鷳
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ˣ
һѾ첽˼УｫĿţ
ӵ㹻ĲӣڸղŵսҲܵ൱ĴάȫǲȡһηʹƸı䣬ǼΪûκγ˵ıҪ
ȥٽ£ӵָӹ٣ұѡԲжڲʵ
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֮Уٴΰֽ˰ӣҲԼӳ˵Ĳ࣬ԥһ£ǺܿһӺɽͷϣ˼ӵðٴξĳˣˣˣ
ǹ꣬ӳĵλ˷ĺûǽһϴ񣬷Աڵ·ࡣ
﷢־ԽԽʹ˷ǹȡһЩж
ҵĽ飬ǿҪͨζ䱸رɨһп谭ǵԵ˵жй۲죬ͬʱһвӼ˾Ͻһμᶨķǿ볷ˡȻУָսõжϣҶϽ飬Ǹ˵Ŀ
ǸݷӵĴͳָȨƽ֮󣬰УѾӵȫжɣȻνϰΪߣҲֻѡ
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Уҵ˱׵İУˣ
У֮˵Ѿӳˣҽô
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ڴ֮Ƶķγ˺üݶӣԷľͷŵﳷˣϣ֯òãǷٺ;ʿǼ¸ҵģر⼮ſΪⷽıʡ
ǰУ׵ָŲӴһ·൱ض
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ڿͶɢ˼ܣ˸ɴڵϣǹģүǰ棬ǶǱץˡ
ԽǰܣʵԽ٣ỹŵǹĺطӣǼֱڷ˿һʳΡ
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ʱǹڸӼᶨǵľģͬԭҰһ㣬̤ӽ֮жǴ˷ͷ˶ǹϴ̵ʱ׼Ӧս
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һӾʹʮʿȥʿ̵ײ÷֯һԵЩҡ
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սһҲٴսǰĶݵ೤սˣһˣڶ
ڶݵսܼ֮μսԱֻʣ˾ˣһӾͼķ֮һıսǿʼ˼ӣǷŽ˴򣡷Ž˴򣡡
˵ţѾ粢ż磬ͳԭĹ滮Ʋˣ𣡿𣡡
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еĻȺȷ˹ǹ˼ǹܣըŵΣɱһлŵĿꡣ
صķʿһȺǵȴǸķʿŭžͳѾֻʣ¼ʿͳ


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꣡Сĵľ٣Ҳ֪ԼȡôʤȥĿǺڳ˰ɣ
ǺڣȥʱΧڳˣǿһΡ
ڳǵرȥЩǵʵȴȥʮֹ
ڳаӻȥĲбܽй°ָӵһֱֻҪκһǵˣףڽˡ
ǾǴӺһžӣǶ£
ȻеĲӶž޴ಽѾʵ֮һ£ЩٵսȴԽǡ
ʱҲõ֮Ŀ
̸ʹڣ
ûǹ°κٽɳ̸ʹڣҪչ̸УʵֶúƽԸչԵȵ̸С
ڹȥ֮䣬һֱǺȡĿֻ꣬˫ĹϵѾȫͬľء
ʲôҪ󣿡
Ҫ͵ͣ𣬲طſǵľ½ˣ
Ȼ°ɳ̸ʹڵʱ򣬲Լǰ߲ܵôĲܣǴ粻ϴĻϢȴԼ֪ԼôĴ
ɫûгܹôѹǰߵı棬ӺѾ⵽˻ԵĴرͬ⵽ش
ȻںڻһرʵĲãǰս֮УͬشڳѾٽδյľء
ڻںޣ
֪ɽս֮󣬷˱㲻ⳡսȡʤǸʱΪʲôͦڽ⵽Ļ
⼸µΪȷȷʵʵķѷڶҵδա
ֻϾ·֮ͥǰܵһЩʧλʹɳĴ
͵ͣ𣿡
һӸˣͶ֮Ҳκ


һٰʮ ͻƣϣ
Ͷ
°θû뵽ĻظȻ˿̣˱ʲô
Ȼ˵սϴôܣǱž˵һϣͶҲظһɫı硭
ںڳڣȻӵһҵĲӣȻܵ൱ôһüغڣûκġ
ָӹ֪ͨ˾ٸ£ڹڼս⵽ԵĴɽۣܴ֮أ˲ˣսܣսùǧƣҾٳ£ռƳǡ
ʹתǱϾԼҪϾԼͶ֮󣬾Կɱװ;α־䣬ʵоٺʿҺԱ֤ǵƲȫ
Ǹϸ񣺡޹ʱǰظҾȫͿ̿Թ֮
ʱ°ó˻һۣʱʮʱֻһСʱԶһʱ䣺ǣǵ
²࣬һȺĸ߼ָӹ٣иոմӺӵһİУһ·һĺХݶƷˣսף
ǰӣҲӣһҪսףսף
أأȫĺ
ӵߣһصڳǣܵ˵ָDDЩָʣǼȷġ
ǰȴĸ߰ˣڱϾ·֮ͥǰ׿ԽıϴˢԼϵĲ֮ʣǻмǧʿмʮŴڣҩʮֳ㣬нͧӵ֧Ԯʲôɲȥ
ȥ򣬸Щ޳ܵǿһѵ
°ο˿ʱʱ޽ֻʣһСʱԼҪˡ
ʮǰɫ³ʿӷ²ǺܿƱ仯ֳΪѹӵһ١
ںõĴ³ʿ²ӪõĴҪ֪ľǣǷҪսȥ
ⳡսѾȥˣھԵĻս֮ʶһ㡣
ǿĶ֣ӵдĲڱλϤԽϵΣָӹٺǿкãڶǵһľӣŵȥҲǿ϶ӡ
ڰӵʧ֮󣬷κξӪֳص뷨Էɿٶȳ鲻Ѫء
һǹţͰ˷Ÿףȴ̣簮ȷָںнһηս۵κ
һǰ൱ǿıΧڣǱУ׿ԽָˣٴΧڣ°ظ漣
ڣظ漣
תѯ˰ӣһսʧж٣
޵ĳʹ𱸵ζڣӵͷȥһش⡣
һٿЦ˵ûͳƳòȫˣȫˣﶼˣ
û˵ڵģȴǷʵʧʧǲʹʧٶԻظǽֺ֧Ҳ취ļ
󰢶⼮ŵʧȴ½òǵ⣬ЩһܵʧҪ൱ѣһֲǧ
⻹ǱӵʧλսУɽսǱַʧ󡱵ļ¼ڰӵ׿Խָ֮£һƽҲˡ
Ȼ֪ʧж٣ֹ۵ĹƣҲǳǧѳְ۵Ĺƣܻᳬǧ
ȻڵһսʼĵһڣʧʮˣⲻܳһֳսһͨսУǧս
һ뵽⣬°ԥһ£սȥķս
Ǽʤһսڸսȥ𣿡
ԵЩʧ̬սѾǿˡ
վֶҡ˼뿹飺˾ٸ£ս޲ʤ
йʧܡһҲ˵Ӧٵʱвսļ¼
ٰⳡսȥһϵľӼ˵⽫ⳡսһսˣ룬ǵǺġ
°˼ڿʼԱ͸Ůǵ塣
˵ţһХ˺˿ڶը΢΢ػζ
ˡ


һٰʮ ͻƣУ
ȻڽڵΪڱѹƶֹͣȴһսµľ档
һӪǵȻڸߣҪӰ쵽ڵľ棡
У°ԵúѣǱסģ
쿪ʼڵĴƱ۸Ѿɣڵŷ˶ڴ˵ŷһβܡ
ôĲܣʱûи׹֮ǰ°ҪҪԺʵʩȫ¹ƣڿʼʵʩеĴ֧ǵ
Ĳÿ˵иɻģȴһ
϶ط˼ʮڵʹõǰʮ׺ʮ׵Ȼڣ׷ɱˣ׷һϵЧӦ
ڹȥŸ£ڲܵκڻǵʱÿˣǶ˻ˣףȥΧڵľ潫ظ
ȻͬʱٵĻвĽʹʿǱȷҪ׾ƣӲܵʱҲҵԽϱĿʼ
Ļ̽ͽͻȻӿ˳ǳ֮ǰ̵ĽʿѾŴźͽ˺ڡ
ڶ̶̵һʱ֮ڣѾһӿ˺ڣʱţиĽڽС
Ϊ⽫޾ıԴЩŶڷ棬ǿԲλսʧӣҹ˾ͷЩѴһЩ鷳DDȺҪ鷳
ǾܾκжԿʱֻظһ䣺ǵʦнǷ񡣡
ǷҲھ¹֮ϣÿһ񸸶ϣȥѣ
ǾܾκηţΪǺУӭǵʲô³Ǳȥⶼ񣡡
ȻǿǶһʹĽȸУѵҪ𣿡
ں·һյĽȴһʲƸ㺣أҲ˵ֺ֧ȥ
ʷϱԽεʱʿ˵Խؽһ֪ǵ˵ʱ
ȻκʱʷУѳ̵ʥͽǹȥ뻨̵ĶȴףԸ̵ð취ǲҪʲôǻ̻֯ӹǸɵ̳Ըɸɾ
ڷڶʧܣȫǾӵĹϵͽ̻ûκιϵ̻ѾȫھıԵ
йǻźǿĶ֣ЩʿΪʥͽļƻֱӴˡ
ҪʳҪ
ڼСʱִ֮󣬴ʿڸıǵҪ󣺡ҪҪʳ
֮⣬ǲԸ⾡κ񣬶Ϊ˸ǹӦʳò˺ܴһֿ档
Ƕڷĸãκһٶֱָûǣǿסġ
ںڳ⣬ʤָһŰʮڳųʩżڵȻתأ㣡㣡
ĶǵһڽЧĲӣǴ󲿷ֵλʰӵಿˣǿıҲ湥ķʹϵڱϮš
ҲɳʤĲӣΪһϾ飬ʤָ൱νжûԿҰʱĽУĺԮϵ
ֵһǿţϷڻ
ڰӵʧܣʿߣҲ˺֧СԵøԾ
û̿㣡ǿǴӦʿǵ֮ǰһʣ
ȻڴӸݵ£ӣͨĲӣʤЩСλȫ˻غڵ·ϣȫһʡ
ֻǺڷıڲ£һǿӪıпɣļӴܶصķӣȴ൱ġ
ںչսͼڽȫսȻ󲻾תԺڳǵĹ
ʵʿ㹻ĻȫԻʤӪȻȳһֲвǰӵʧȴǷʧȥκηŬ
öȫʱƴյǧ˲ôս
ںڷֻһͷסȻܡ
ԮȻҶϣ˭֪Ԯǰľ֮£ûһǲܵﶫġ


һٰʮ ͻƣ£
оǰͳݻǰɡ
սڳʰ˰ӺͱĲв֮󣬺ڳעת˺ڳǡ
Ѿս˼켸ҹĽʿ˲ӣֻǶ̶̵˯һСʱͳźӿ˹
ǸһǰĵλȻ߸֮࣬ʵȴӪ
ͳ죬ǰеовٶгڵĵоԼһӪͼԮǣǸλƻңͣǰɣ
ľܣҲ־ᣬֻѯʵӻжˣ
һսţʮˣ
սǰжˣ
һһʮˣ
ڵõֻʣ¶ɲԱĽۺѯһ䣺λô
࣬ʧܴ󣬹ؽӴɢˣԱ粻ϣԷؼ뵽ʿû⣡
ȻôشĴЩĵλµλϵλڿǰʤǰȴž˵ʿ
ûºڣ
У
ͷԶ
ڳ֮󣬺ڳֻһԼԼı־ʮһ̽ǶԷһҪսۡ
ӵԥһ£ƺ׷ȥӹƣͣԿϾΪֹѾ㹻ս
ǽɻķװ𼸸ʦҪᵽɻĲƻأܿѵʶ
һһʧʮȴӰʿǿңҪΨһ취Զǲ˵ʹ
һٷˣԶҰˣһǧˣǾǿµĵˣһ򷨹ˣ෨ʷǵıʹԼʮ򷨹ˣǻһǧʱ̻򹥻㡣
Ҫжº󶼸ǲ˺ģԼ㱨˵ǿ԰쵽һУ
ƺıٵУǸܰ쵽һеģ־֮£ں²ʿԷж֮£ǲ򶫽
κεǰĵˣ編˴ʿƵһûӵмʮʿĶݵ㣬ϰװĽ̴壬ֻҪһֵˣͶս
ǲɵֵĵˣÿһӶҹɱдˣݵԲش۵ס˺ĵһǺܿ췢Լ˺֮С
ǹǰǺֻּҪһǹڲӸμսһʼһʮ˵СλڼСʱ֮Ѿǧʿս
Ǹ÷˲Ǵ˷ֵɫװڹȥļ굱УԽͺ֮Ʋǽͷݣɫװ뷨һֱƽȫԽ֮󣬲ſʼʰǡ
ȫվڷ˵ĶȥˣһЩͷ˺õӵɱųķСӣ䵱˺Ŀ·ȷ棬ֻҪһʿǾ׼һʣһӭʦģ
ȥʰǣȻÿһٶĹģҲ֪ɫӸûսǵıȴָ˲һҪ֧Ԯ
ɫװ˿һɢһǧˣƽʱӣǵǱѵʱ򣬷˲Ÿܵǵʹ
ЩԼʮΪɣͳʼɫװķγ˴ɫװճݵ㣬Ȼ󱻺һٻȻЩɫװ׷ս
ڵ󣬷ԽսԽľԼһԽԽ󣬿ǺȴǸ򲻹һѾѰӺͱĲȫˣȴûʲôشӣһӪǶܵƵоʹ
Ӫˣ
ڼս֮УҲܴһӪĲɽʱһ֣Ȼв㽨Ķ֮һǲٳһʮ˵ӡ
εԱҲһֹӣټսʧȥĲֱԱӣںڳµĺλӡ
мӪĲȫ˵ǺôҲռݰԽ²
ƾŽĶԱƣκʱԵʮӪϵĲҲ²ڻսʧԭ
ҲͬĿѾһӪĲʡҲһӪԵڣǽȥô򣿡


һٰʮ Эϣ
衣
籨ֵſòȱٸұֽļ༭ǣͬһȺھκһؽԵţʱһĳ̶ȡ
һȺ߾ڴ
Ψһһͨĵ籨·ǷԶʧܣ籨·ӺܾòܽˣھϵҪѾѹ˾ϵĿǣ½ȫƳɱӪ׵¡
ֻľһ׵£Ϊźڼţһʥ
û֪һұֽפԽΪ˰ռţӲڷ֮󣬼跢һʥݣӵ籨ϴյźţеļ߶ץ
ץǣļһȫƳɱĵ籨ķʥƽʱûõӢĵ籨Ҳôɣһ¹ǵ籨ѾҪȥɡ
˭۵ıôشţһЩżһſԼֵһڷɣȥɽսʧܵͷţӲһĹʱֽΪȫעģ˭ʲôţ
ͬèץһ֪ںڵڽһԻսⳡսڶԶ˵صĻ¬Ҫ֮ǰı֮Уȴȫ෴Ϣ
е˵ȫʤڼڳ׷һűȴ˵⵽˲ܣûȷκһȷϢ
һЩѾӿ½ͺȥˣϾǶ׵ռҪķݶǲֻߵƣһܵõҪϢ
һЩϵļȴΪܻô鱨϶һʹսʲôʱ򶼿ʧܹɽսĲܣǶԷΪԺļԻս
½ĹүǻֱӰǾ֮⣬ЩүһЩϢмң϶ϢڹƱгһκ
籨ڼţ˭óǸļǷˣڼķʥ˶ڻѾڿ칦ˣ˶
籨Ѿ棬ȴ䶯ԵϢȻʧ
һ뵽ʧȥĴûᣬǾһץĸоսĽУڴӺڴϢ裬Ҫһ칦򣬱սʼʱһܣǿ˵ǿݲͬնԡ
ļһȴȴڹͨľϼСʱDDؽ˭ķõʥ
ӡˢʼӡˢģ༭ܵ˵籨֣ʧ顣
ʧʱ򣬼ƽʱʵСȴڿԼıףţǺ䶯ԵͷϢ
һɫ¬֣ʮ򹲺͹ںڵĸû
䶯Եı⣬䶯ԵݣȻȡ˻Ի͵սЩСѾںļߵټһ㡣
ʮ򹲺͹ڶһԻսʧܣƵķɥһУٱ²оѾֺڳ⡣
ǸפԽϼְԼ֪ġġġµġ뵽еϢ㼯һƳһƪըԵš
ӡˢѾȫ챨ֽϰڱըԵǰ¶ȫľģȫӡҰͨձӡƽյ屶ǸԼķʥķãɱ˫̫ˣ
͹˰蹫ڶڱըϢĿձӦ
ģıըŶڸ˵ͬǾ޴ĳЩļߣ
ս˵һһ־¼˵Ļ֮Уۺ;һһǼеһת۵㣬˵֮ǰ֮󡱣ЩԱ˵ǵҲԷΪ򵥵棺ս֮ǰս֮󣡡
ⲻһ˵սһֳͨսǳܵѹȴԶԶʮǰշս
ÿһұֽźڣκһСʧС۶ᱻЩжʮȻÿһ֪
رں뽻ֺ֧֮еıֽýʼʱعվϵļűֽҲڷڰϵжв̶ͬȵĹǱĹ۵ǣͶıôͲܵʧܡ
˵Уѹľλ޲ðűֽ˺ˣеС߶϶ͷ̨
ֻܶſŭ֮ƽ˭ܸңǵʧж٣


һٰʮ ЭУ
ֻܶſŭ֮ƽ˭ܸңǵʧж٣
еĸԱһֲĸܣԽǿ֧ߣΪϣⳡսŵչ˭û뵽ǣ仰ȻŶҡ
ǵʧж٣
ֱžȥģʵڿ֮ǰѾύһµı˵ʧݱȻгˮݡ
һλξ뱨棬Ǳһֺòŭ𣺡ôѾݲȫͳƣԼ嵽ʮӱܵشսеߴԼһǧһǧ֮䣬һ
ֻǶں˵ʣûʲôɽս۽ʱҲô˵ǵձȴҲòᡭ
ȻΪͶߣǷԽȴһᶨӥɣսȻ˽֣¶˴ȥľģԴԴϵıԴ뵯ҩӱͱԼⳡս˼ѡ
Ҳòȥͷȥɽս۵̫ǲȡӵİ취ݺԭʼݲ̫󣬶һȻûнһı棬ͬڶѾӵ˼㡣
Ҫ֪вӶԮ°ٽҪӱȥʦŲȶսɳ֮⣬ҪԽԽɳһķʦͿжôӡ
òСĵ֯ʻ㣺£ѵСıܱᳬʮ˵֮һȡһɺԣģ
ҵĵ˻õǽԶʧʮˣӦԽϳˣҪǾӪ˶ʮĽֺ֧ǳˣŬһнᾧĨɱɾ
ǿǲԮֻҪ㹻ԴǿԻܺ
ǰǾô˵ˣ
֮ǰֻҪǧʿͿԽϣһǰʧ֮󣬾ᵽһˣΪֹΧ֮ڣԽԽԽͶķӰװڣѾӽ֣սԴڱ
һ˵ͶԴɽսĹǸսӺսŷˡͶ̫٣ֻҪԽͶһͿҡ
ҲԽϷҪԮƻָӹٵõеԮǿԸıսƨDDٰ׳գԸıơ
ĲټĲʦԤͶԽϵʮˣһ˵֣κһҿԽκ⡣
ռ̫ƣǿǰҲòߣܶԿĵˣڣЩؾٽҪǾ⣬ʵѾµı棬ҪԽϷǲʮ򲿶ӡ
ҪȫܶԱǽоֲԱԶԱʮ򲿶ӣһǿţǷﻹκһǾԱ˵仰
ΪһԶֳͨأɳʮ½ӣⲻھϺ͹һѣڲͬһѡ
ǱߺٴˮԮ棺ǿȥԽϣ򲿶ӿȶ
˿ܲܽ⣡ﵹǸڶľƣҲʮֵģΪصͽȥһֲӣǲȥˣأ͹ѪѾˡ
ǻصԭϣ֪ǵжʧںڵ
Ҳԥ˰Żش𣺡ұˣ嵽ʮܻԵĴԼһǧһǧһս
ѹչ˵ʵֵֿ
ӽǧ˵𣿡
ȻֽʮȫûǧʵȴϽԽһĴ
˵ֻҪǧʿͿԽϣǵΪֹͬɫʿΪⳡս۶ˡǧ͹񸶳Ĵۣ룬ǳϴʱ򣡡
ǱϣǵĶһλΰĵˣǼϣӵΰ˸ͬǴһЭԽһս
˵λʱ·ʮ꣬ڸȴûлö


һٰʮ Э£
ԣԣӦһȥԽϣ
ͶҰͶΪһԱҼͬĿ
һɴժñӣֱվ£شԽϳĻھְ
ֻ˵һ䣬ʤάĵλսʤ˵Ψһ취
ȻԵĲռ˴ǲ̫ľ⣬Ȼڲкܴѣǰķ͹ִھΣ֮Уǵ뷨ֻҪҧҧɳʦȥԶһоͿ˳
շս֮ǿӲ·ڷгڸ󱻳Ϊڸ󣬵ЩȴԸЭDDһҰͷ춼޷սʤôôսʤ¹ϴѩ衣
Ϊ
ҷԣ
š
ڶݵİСʱ֮ڣڸѸٷѲ˼ҵǿӲɺЭڶʱ伸γͻǿӲȴռϷ硣
ΪֻҪһȥԽϾͿԽκˣʦá
Ϥ´ʵʱǱߺɫѿشС˽£ұһʵµսһĲֻʱȶѣҪԽϣǱʮˡ
ھ뱾ǧ֮սڲȫеģҽ顭
ʹࣺشӲֵˡ
Ϊʲô޷ʵѵһĲܻܽҪ֪ν뱱ҲǶԱǧʿѣʿЯȽװ
ʹࣺǲҪһʵǷڲѾ޷֧һսˣĿǰΪֹѾΪⳡսͶǧɣĻǻҪҪͶʮڷɡ
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ǵģ⣬µı桭
ţ
еĹŶǿڶӭһǰĲܣǶʧжܣȴǺӡ
ֻСʮˣȻȴźĴ𰸡
µı棬ｫͰУ⵽˻ԵĴԱ򱻷ｫ԰ټƵĹٱ˷²ʧء
ʹ˶һ籩٣ԥһ£ѯʵʧж󣿡
ȱȫʧʧ϶һˣҶԵʧԱ٣ôԼʣһŵʵܵһǰʧоȫΧڣ°ٽĲӺ͵˷˶μսܵ൱ʧڵоڶ࣬ڴڼȵΣ֮УʱжϵΣգ°ٽҪɳԮ
ĵһ⣺жҸ
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ǧĹٱսⲻǷ籩˶̨ۣڳÿһǰβҵ
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󺣾ɳȥԽϣǼֱţɱοÿһǰĻһ⣬ǾǶڼĶԵս
ÿһ˶ǰ˹֣Զ̫ı;ѣδĶԵս˭У
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ȴһֿʮڷɲùƲǽⳡսùƲ
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ѾǵĴЭˣй˷ԽϵȫȨ


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οһأ֮أ˶Ի棬ƽʱԼ˹Դʩȭţ˻رӪԱս²ʰԿ飬Լ˳һѣǿΣ
κʱ򣬵õԽϵϢԶϰó٣Ȼھණǧڵ籨δȫͨ¸Խڷһ춯صĴս
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˳˺ڣ˻ˣ˺ڣ˻סһʮ־סһ
ľӲЩֻܴսƽʱ۸Щҵʮ㣬ȴϺ
ں˵ѡĵ·֮ϣֻһѡ
ѡǣս޲ʤ
һ뵽ͷѪЩƲסԶĺʿ¸ҵսţǰһķʿ˼еƬΡ
ģ
ǾһȻ˵׼ջʤȥµ


һٰʮ Ѫ֮
лϵۣ峯ˣлϵۣţ
һȺٺʹʿǰʮ֣໥ϲã
Ǽ˸߲һϳЩͬĻϲػӭ峯ӵٴν룬·𼸸ǰЩҰͻȻʹõѣ
ȫʹȻԴｫʦʧܣдڱһߵķֻʣһǿӪĹģ߰˶ѣϼš
ʷϣͬģķ⣬ԿΧʱգȴĺҲҳʧЩȫ޷İȫ
ʵϼƵת䣬Զ˾ֱӷеıغڲμսȴЩɲʲô
ںˣʹһĴ峯ˣһʮǿĲӪʹֹͣսжת˷״̬
лϵۣ峯õѣ̶ܵȵĻӭ
°Ѿ׼˱ȺһٱĲ˵һʮͷİٴţʮͷ
ֻҪӿжǿṩʮīԲرѣ

°ǰѾ뱱ððʧʧļһ
˶¶°񿴵ò˳ۣһ̫Դˣڸκ˷̵˶·
ֻ³ɶ֣˶ֻܰ⵱һ£°ǰ뱱ôҲҪȥˣԪô
ӻ˽ԪǹҲзսһʷϣӵÿᲢۣŴ÷ܴܵԶԶֻμϹɨβսķӲġ
ʹϹսۣպϱ๦ԪҲеһֻǺڲʷоˣ˶µӡ
ԪĵףҲǿЩë൳ȻЩȴҲһ׮£
ĸװ̫ƽɱԪ־ϯĹϵȴ°ǰܲɷֲֻ֣֦Ǻˣ˲˶һļϡ
ĵ׼ȻԳë൳𣬱˼֮ģͳӪԽԾӣ˶ڱ̫ͻ
Ψһƽǣ°Ȳ磬ֲ˶£ǲ¹شҲֻʱȨ顣
Խ·˽Եô˼ʳһʧҾֻܾڵأպãҾѵʮãʿֵñ֣βʤ
˵ȴʵ飬ԽֳغֻкڡɽͱڷɽǺĵֻ̣бһء
ʧԾأǷ㲻ʧ֮һùҪڵĲ°⸴һ׮¡
ο˶˵뱱ʹ֧ӵȫԽˡ
ʵϣ˶Ҳû뵽þɽˣȻһξƾԼϹϵŪʮִºŪ˴е峯̣ھö֣ʤ԰ܣ峯겻
ʮӿȻ٣ȴ£ľã˶ֻʡЭá
峯ƣûʲôԤĸսһ˴ȼ֮õֶξָΣָĳʡĳصӵĳأҲ˵йؽʱ䶼ķѲ𣬸Ҫ˵ʡǧټӱЭõΣһϾǼꡣ
һ˶³أȴ˳ò˳ûأ۵ĶѾͨϵʮׯƱڹ㶫ǹͨͻйϵƱŵӡ
˿˶ͬ˴ȥô˻ӣڴ峯ĹԱУǶ˶˳ؾͰǮ¡
һأְѾݼ˶ϣ˾ʮ³ŵֻҪһ׷ӶʮͬԸʮã֮⣬ǻԴ۹е˶¡
˶ϧľǶʮϧκôĴͷȴ°ȥˣǱкѶϢ
ԪҲǷ߷߲ƽΪԭ˶ͷģʮĴͷģ˵Ѿ׼˰͵°ȥãţӪͷûȥûû⡭
սս峯⣬峯İӪ侯һĶλʹ滴Ҳ侯ʦʵĲӣսܴպţսսѼˡ
Ҳѹ֣սսǴˮ̵ģʹֵĶ֣սҲɱðݵط֪ǱЩϴٹһһ֣սȴȫͬˣˮ̣Էǿѷδʤ԰ܡ
˶ڷԼʹת֮󣬽谭
ҵǳë൳ȻĻ죬쳯ʥǵˣȴĶ⣬̫ԭǹ֮󺦣֮
ΨһǣĸʡԮûȫ룬ԭĹ滮ʮӪɣͬԼļĶԪ°һЩǲӣǶʮӪͷ
ԭĹ滮ҪļɢĹӪǵΪֹֻСèСֻԶ˵Ǳ̫ԭĺȥ󲿡
һ뵽⣬ں״صһʣе״֮ǰﻮ
Ԫұսмʤ㣿
Ԫǳھ£˵дʮӪԽʮӪԽʮӪԽʮӪԽ֮ʮӪ˵ΪսսҾ֮У̫ԭһߣӪԶʮӪ֮ȫʤ㡣
֮ھۼڣ˵¶ʮӪ価ڴˣսǿܷˣΧڣӪͷ϶࣬˵һӪɵҴһӪ롭
սƵúܸߣҲһʵǾͬ£ս϶ǿ
ϾΪֹкüδƷļ¼ͬļ¼ȴһҲǲʵԺһӪɵͨһӪˮƽս㡣
ȻЩӪͷɷǣƣᾡҾսʹҾսضǷ˴ս֮󣬶ˡ
Ƕ˶˵˵ϲϲƽȣȲȫʤ㣬ƽΨһһδð³ȥıȨӡӡ
ʹðգҲµ֧֣ΪԼ߰˳ʤעģºôɸɾ
ͶԪ˵Լ뷨ԮԴԴϣֻǶʱڿֽӼõ£ս룬ʡɵֻӪ֮֮뷨ǵıɣ
һ£ʮӪѣĶȴǺųаʮӪĺһ뵽͸һصѹ
ֽ²࣬һӪͷаʮӪĹģһ𣬶һǽзսĶ磬Ҳ߰˵Ĺģѡ
ȫӪͷǰ̲ȼӪͷ׼Ȩӡӵʱ򣬹ģҲʮӪЩȫӪͷҲʮӪĹģ
ǵش򴦵ĺȴӵаʮӪͷ˵ԼԶʮӪĹģ佻з߳ʤѡ
Ԫóıʵǲ跨˵ı²ɣЩȥҪųģ
Щ˵ֻС⣬ͷֽʷϵ˶һˡ
˶΢΢һЦ֪ҲҪһȫ֮ߣH̨죿
˵ֽ̨ƹܶعӢֽ÷ϵĴˣԪͷ棬졭
˶ϵЦݸˣ̨ͬţ֪Ժء
ǰЩιѲعӢͬ£ʱΪ滴֮뵱ʱƹֵܶ÷ǳ죬ʱְȴͬعӢദơ
ճ״룺Īǡ

ϵ۰仯̫ˡ
ӡ֧ܶ޷¼ı仯Ǿ˵ϷԣڼǰƳˮ峯ӣȴ˷Ԯ
Ҫ峯ṩһɵĿǱ˵ǣ쳯ṩԮһ֣ȫ
ӡ֧ܶѾ걨ľսǷƵûᣬⳡսƲǼȴսһҹ
оͰλеĿ׸λΪṩ˴еôָ𣬵Ǻָܿ𣬶˷Ӳɻȱǿ֡
ڹȥһʱڣӡ֧ǵķṩ޶ľ´ڷѾͬںϳһ塣
Ȼе˸͹˾޴ʧбҲΪͶⳡսƲıԵÿһ͹Աףһ뿪˶Уⳡս޷ȥ
ϸ£͹Ѿһǧõн˶елˣλ׸ڹ˼ɡ
һ뵽Щ飬ӡ֧ܶȱһֶԿֻ֪ЩǷܰȫصйӵͳ˧ϣ
׸һֻҪ֣Ӧر˶ṩϢҲ⣬ֻ֪أֻڻռһЩС˶ѡ
ģڽӵǵ֧Ʊ֮󣬽챱ѾΧˣ
ţӡ֧ܶûнӵı棺Χ
ûʮӪ峯ѾЭ֮£Ѿ˱һڱľת
ǺðɡҼ峯ṩϢֻҪ֧ôɣ
ڸ֧峯ӵκжΪһʱ۹͹ӵۺǿǿɵصǧƵľ޶ʽ
ڵ֪µ֮ڸٴս֮УȻѾ֪ⳡսпٲȴеĶעѺڴ峯ϡ
ֻҪ峯ֹ£ǾͿԴӱԽϵȥһţĲԶûסһŵģ
ڵһս֮ΪѹĦ򹲺͹¹ѪñͳʮɺԶ
ʱķڸҲһп͹ƣһп͵䴬һп͵ĲӣǱӣֳزӣ⼮ţ͵Խȥ
ǵжûлһЩָӹٵͬ
ҾãһĴ󡭡
ͷضʬǶ̶̼սڣ˸ĴۣٹСʱҪӭͬĽ
°ٽ࣬Ϊһָӹ٣ļϳž˵ѹ
ûаȫıչҰѺսΪķʵѪḥ̂һõս
һ뵽⣬°ξͲ뵽ʿѪ֮УǿֲĴħȴڿЦĳ
ڶԷ˵һõսȴѡĵ
°ս֮󣬾ͷַмֱһΣں޴ƣˮõԴԴϵ֧Ԯסڡ
ǺʹһֶֹԮ̨ͧڱء񵯡ըҩǹ
ʹҹʻڽʻڵʱҲ˺ۣһ۾ͿԿһĵӡ
Ĺֻǿ;нӽٷʮĹٱ˻սֻῴô򵥵ݣ°ȴеؿЩѪ̵ıʹ
ҽɹٱ֮Ҫ֪ĹүûпһµݣǾεжУأĳϵľȷغ
ּһ𣬼ֱһĴ°οŶѵø߸ߵʬɷһ̾Ϣ
ĹǸֻҪסڣһжϣԮǻеġ
ȴһ־ĸоסڣȴһĸԴ
ܶȻڣغôǿĻƾͿȫرԶӵ׽Ѳ󽢸ǺĴڡ
òʹسϣǾߡ
ĹȫʵǼ򵥵ΪֻҪסڣܽ𹲺͹ģ͹һŵĴ󲿶Ͷ뵽ԽսϣǾʹʤ
°ε֪ȴΪһŵĴ󲿶Ͷ뵽һİսǾ»ǲϣһ׵ֺ
Ҫ֪͹ⳡսʶһжѣþһֶ֮󣬷ֺ֧ǵİȫ޷֤
ϵ۰ҷĴӦȥֹͣⳡս
ɽʧֹܾͣⳡսǧõȣһ뵽ƮѪɫĺˮٽ¾͸е޵ĺڡ
Ը峯ûڱ֣ҲԸʹࡣ
ΪԶָӹ٣ȥһŶԼʿҲϧ
ʤһ˿ϣֻо֡
ٽ¾Լڷ䣬һеٽַ𹥻ˣǵʧܴ󡭡
߹ֻܾԼһְѣúðǵ꣡
ĺˮǱѪȾ졣


һپʮ ѡ
ҵѲֱ֮Ѵﲽʮ˸Ӫ°ʮӪӪӪ֮ԪʮӪԼʮӪ
ıڴĻܾõͼʶӪͷֵλã˶»°񿴵λһԼûа취סӡ
ǵһУȫ˵ָƣԮԽ·ȣµ֮սǿᣬкܴņ̀ǹ֮ʽΪټҺһӪɵӪ
ıȻָƣǶʵսûеףο⼸òһЩԱصĹƣǿǵҾ̫ԭĲӶСӪԽطӸıģս˲ıҪһһõĲӡ
һþӪȻ˵ž䣬ֱӻؾ飺Ŀǰ£ֻڷܴһӣ
˲ǺĵһŴУʶ÷ǳǸııļ⣺ܴӺڷӣôıΪڶԱĸӪҲӦ̫ԭ
ںƾſ¹ӴԴԱѾ˶Ϊ˾ȵĳ̶ȣ㲹ϲӵսģǻÿһڶԱһӪٶԱµλ
˵ֻҪһʱ䣬ͿԶԱĸӪսƹڽȵĻ˷Դĳ̶£ԱٶȻһ
ڷڲͶǱǴﵽƽ֮ǰ棡
ƲûվսŵĹ۵Ϸԣ֧˺ڣһж˵
Ҷһֱû˵һ䣬ȴò˵һ䣺ȻĻΪʲôȫȥڣ
ս򵽽زΧѾӽһ£Ȼȡ˺ܴսŴδڵؾκһ˶óսЩͷ̵ζ
Ȼ൱Ĵۣսں֧£ɻ֮Χװڽȣһʵʱô֡
ϧһдȥڣ˵һڣ¾ڶˣսĽǺڵķԽԽǳĺȴڴɻʵװ֮£ȫƵϱǿ׳ĸ֡
Ҷֵ뷨ֻȫѹȥƴˣ˺ҲԸıսˡ
ԼĿûУڶ˵ǹʹˣǻϽͣһ˶٣˶٣
˵սϣ˵ķڶһˣЩ˵Ҫƴǲǲƴ۵ȥƴҪסڱһѽ
ں֮ͽһµġ

ڿæµľ¸ۿڣÿʱÿ̶ӴͺϽͧںӽͧʿźš
ڹȥһ֮Уӡ֧СӺйСӵǺ֮س䵱佢ɫ
ǵʽ׽Ѳ󽢣ֻսȴΪˮ̫ɲκô֮ء
ǽеһЩںӽͧȴܵ˺Ϯʧǳһֿŵ˵Щܸͧͧˮ棬Ǽֱһ漣
ӱִͧͧ۲ɹ൱СͽͧǷȴôսͧ
Ǻԭ׼ЩǺܿһЩй˾ͷЩͧսģǺʷһʵʩһμİչ
ʷϷͧв̲ĽͧвۿڵĿܡ
ǻصƣ˲ò۵ֳؽ蹱˺ܴһǴѼһںʹõĽͧһЩѾ
ǲɵǱȴӱ֧Ԯ
һı߷߲ƽ˵أҲ޷ѵʹ
÷ɭٽΪ˾ͬͷʹŹڵĲǱҪʹ
ںڵԽԽţ˹ѪһڸѾںķٴ֯һܳ׽սľԮж
ϧķѾ޶ǮӢ֣ǧƵķʿ˵˺ۡ
ôխĺӵ֮ڣҪӪĲȥڣһҪǵװܡ
ȻһЩõڽ綷˺ſһһӪĲӣǶڷ˵ЩڽǰжѾܵʧұȫ١
ڽͧ佢ܶ඼Ǵ۲ɹĴƷһ򵥵ĻݣǾǲá
Ӫټǵװжں϶Կƻοں֮С
÷ɭٽε˵ǰѾ´ڶʮ֮ǰеԮ뵽ڣҪǲϧۣһԳɹ
ļޣȻӢڶʮǰͬѵʹΪ˱ϽڳͨȨǶ̫ƽ̨ս
ԶԣսжȫԳ֮Ϊɼ٣һеĶɼ٣̫ƽֻһЩʽڣûʲôɱǺȴͬӵĻ䱸
ʮߺ׻ڡʮɽڵʮڣǷ½ͺװͨڣ϶ͬ䱸ǻ˲ֻڵĸװЩڵвġ
ֻҪһڵҾشֱӱĸͧͬγɿµвǲǹըҩҲ䴬ش
ζ̶̵ںͣѾ÷½ͺ½սԱһŵԱʧ÷ɭٽܵԼҪٳʹࡣ
ӪĻҪʧһӪ
ǾΣǳѡȥ֮ûκΰ취һ飺ѵܴ½ϸȥԮ𣿡
;̫ĺˣӪܶ࣬ǺпܻûеִھͱҰսгԵ
Ϊԣ
÷ɭٽε˵ࣺѾԹˣֻʧܴûʽѡ
ǰ֯һζԺڵˮ½Ԯںڸܵ˻̵Ϯڳڵʶ֮УΪǶڻ̵ĻʿӵоԵƣһȴǸİ˵ĳʧ
ܿ취˾ʶˣںڸеķ˾ݵ㣬ͷйһ׽ϵװƵķչȫͶ˺ǺпӰӶûͱЩװϷսͲ
ǱˮϽ֧Ԯ
Ǻڷ治ⳡսȥڽֺ֧Ǻ˳ͬĺҲӦ
ⳡսڲϵʧѪѵ֧ԶԶڸ۵ĹƣԱðүͷʹ
ǰã½ƶһΪսԣǾԽһžĴ󲿶ǲһԵλֻܷԮ
Ԯ޷սϵľ޴ʧ˵ԽԽսϵķǽ˥ȥôԽսϵķǾʼڴѪ
ܶԮֻҪսϣǺܿ챻Ƶսĵøɾ÷ɭٽ˽¶Լ̸ȥģҹƼž˾½ʱľΨһ
Ⲣʲô˵ڹȥһ£Խսϣڣȫʧһǧˣзӵʧռһ뻹ࡣ
ǵⲢӺñ֣÷ɭٽ;ûսȥ͹°һΣǾ֪һѾˣɻǰȥ
ںڲȱҩȱʳȱΩһȱĽʿѡ
ʹѡ֮÷ɭѾΪǵѡ񣺡ҪǱԱ
һѾ뵽÷ɭѡ񣺡Ǻȱٵҩ
ڹȥжǷǳӴģӲҪѲǵװ͹ȥһҪѱصغװ͵ȥһֻҪ½Ϳγս
ʿһٶʮӵ͸ʲôҪǻڻʲôѾ׼һУ
Ϊʲôһٲðж֮УĲǻһս
ϿڽٶԽķߣȻִڣ
÷ɭٽЯغװӵĹģԴСѾȫЩϴѾͧڽ䣬κһҸϺٵ佢
ҪֻǰѲͺڶѣ
˾ľеľٲټԼĹִǺǵ˾Ϊʲôѡ
ĵ׳˷ŭ
ĺʲô£б¹ذѲ̲Ͼһս
սԶǲƽģֻܰѷŭĵס
˭Ҳ֪Ƿܹɹ


һپʮһ 
Զķȴ°ǵ⣺ǿôѧźʵʵذѵó
ԱǹӢ䣬Ⱥ֣
°뱱ĵ죬һȻû±ʡǣȴռ˲ҪλãžвԽǰǢһʹߺ֮УһҪ󱣻
йȻв̽ڣ಻뱱֮֮Σ°ڱվ˽Ÿ
ռķ֮һĵ̣ȻԹʮӪͷǷʮӥ󣬼˶µͽ㹻һӡ
±ʡǣֵܺúһ֣ڽϵľ
˵ụ́ܺЩٱȴǺ˵ʲôǾǴӾ׷֮һDDǣϷǡ
ͻϣųˮƽķӣÿգùٱӺŮӡ
ʿԭΪԽϵɽ̲ʲôˮ˱֮󣬲ŷִ˵ǸˮʮַǷһʵͷ
°ֱӵƣǸʿ磺л˧л˧
°Ҳǵʵʲô
ʲôֻ˵ƾϱһӪϻ̫ԭҪ̸ֵ֮£
ߣʲộֵһƷ£ΪԼǸˣӣϽ̫ԭҾʱ׷֮Ȼ壡
ĵ׶ںͬ쵽ƾµϣľ٣᲻һһľ⣺ƷٶѣȨᶽʮ
ֻһᵽƾµ֣Ҫйһ˵Ǹǽⱱ̫ԭҴķֻǷ˽룬ҴΪзѺ˳ֽǼҪո˵أԵ˳ɴŽ֮в֮ʵ
˳˳ˮ°Ľ֣ԭҲ޽ˡ
ֻһ˾òã£ͬλϲһġ󼾸ͻ̫ߣܾ÷ãóοƷԼһս
ѾͬԼзԽϺƽַֻܰѻйϡ
ǣοƷС˵һָ㲻ϣžƾͰеͼй¶ǣ̫ԭڣҸÿ˶һʵȱڸҺúøɣ㣡
ƽ֮ʣǴÿսԱ٣һαٶǳɰǧÿ˶һùΣĵױƷƷӣɾƽ֮󣬴֪ЩֵǮֵǮʵȱ
һγʦ֮ʣ°˵ฮ˺üʵȱ̫ǰԣ˵ǺѾʮӪԹƣسɵڶȫҪԷ
˵һ䣺ȵۿϾǵ͸ɡ
Ȼֻһԣȴ°Ϊ֮Ķ˵ʱ̷ŵԣƽߵƽ쾩˻⣬һͣ׹һԷ
٣°ȻҲǳ˼Ļ룬ĥţҪʰ¾õĻᡣ
ûһ˳ϣԽʮӪ֮УжʮӪںڸͷսڱ̫ԭӪս˾Ӫѡ
⼸ԮȴԴԴϣ˶ͳ֮ѾʮӪ˵ȺԮȫʮӪ
ȥȻܻȫʤڻܱ̫ԭ֮кпֱڣĺλȥҲ
Ϊֱ˵˵һλǣ˹ȥ֪ͨⱱĵǴ峯ģ˳Ȼ°Ͳˣ

޶֮ڼ˳һкге
ƾ¿飬ȴûеĲȻŭñӪһˣóһ
ôҪĵطƾԸȫóȥҲ϶ͬ⡣
οΪ˱̣Ѿ˾޴Ҫ±û⣬ǱԼʵãǼԡ
ƾĵ׸һ뷨˺ڳǣǵĺÿˡ

ʲôַʹӣȫɿͧͧɣ
սĽУͨ罨ѾԽԽ걸ȫԽԽ˷ӵˮƽ
ʵϣһѵõʤ֮󣬷ָӹſˮŽɻĺͨѶװҹ䶼˯ŵĵز
ڵ佢ӴӺСʱѾϢΨһĲ鱨е͹˷ͲӵĹģ
оԼӪķȥڣܷǽڣ
ڷսУӪܾʤȫ͹У
ǣӪٳ֮ǰĽֺ֧ܶһֳӪ
÷ɭȫûа취һ㣬УֳǼֱǷĴʣսĲӣĲ͵սȥ塣
ֻܰЩԶĺڽȻʹطЩ˸鷳ƺȺҪࡣ
Ҳˮÿһӣǡ
ʮʿžĺӵôһ޷صģˮѪȾ죬ʱʱܿ߸ʬ
μսĽÿηò򵥵ĹǰһЩۡ
žеʿ۾ؿǰʱ׼սڹȥһʱ䣬ش÷ǳ򵥵һЩ跨൱
ʱڽϢţû˻⣬Ƿǳ֪ͧٶȣֻҪܶʱͿԸв
ԼԼǼ˵ľΪ֮һǵָӹѾץԶͼڵ˵Ĵҵ佢
Щض佢ǺĿ꣬ܿҪʧˣ˵ĴȫսͧɣǰװͧѾʻۼžﲻӵ·ߡ
׼
װͧˮشо޴вǺڳõս֮УҲѧһضԸЩͧսȻЩСֻһЩʽͭڣֻҪУ
ĴԽԽ⿴һֻӣһֻѲ߽ӣҲúʮͷʹĴڣǺָӹǺܿͷ˲Ծĵط
ԡôʿ
ǿÿͧڽ棬̫װʿԶԶصڼװϿԿ൱ķǴװͺ㣬Ŀۡ
䡭ªͭѾʼһƵͧ౬ըѩ׵˻
ȥǹҲʼǵٲǹͧϷһӵڸʱʱ˷һС
ͬ˻Ӷͣѹ˺Ļ֮żУȴȵ֮ͧ£ֱӳʻȥ
Ȼ˼ʮ䲽ǹһЩʽڣǶ˵Ⲣв
ӵڽһЩװٴαȾ˺ɫǽӵָӺ˼ֱӳϷʻȥ
ǽ˼Ӿͨǰأڼʻʱڸ˲СĴۡ
磡
磡
ӵУڼװָľֱӱǹӵ򵹣Ӧʱ䶼ûУֱӴӼװˤ˽ˮ
ΪֻżȻضѣǺܿˣй˵ǹ֣ǹ֣
κʱĺѾѻΪһвڷȴΣǰѻ֣ǵÿһӵ
Щʧʱһֶѡ
ʮ˸ˡһԽ֣ܵƽʱһٶЩ
һָӹѾĿȷʵԼǵǰأģֻһ£Ǿǵȥ
סǵǰŸ̵Ĺ£ǿĻıãһǵȥʿǣ
ֻ˵仰ʱ򣬺ﶼһ˿
ⶼСӣԼഺдǷȴܸ̫ࡣ
ЩʿϻҲ֪жջصǵĹ磬̫ڲпˣںֻܾܵع
оѣսľʿûװʬֱ˱Ľˮ֮УǰһĶ汤¡
ǰвԼһӪʮţȻż࣬о
սʼ֮󣬲սԮѽǰȫʻ콢콢٣ȵΪ콢
ףˣ
ǰȴܼĵ꣬ȴûκεԥֱӳĻ֮С


һپʮ Ѫ
ϺбΪðռҵ԰Щðռ֮䣬Ȼϵµ˵Ĵڡ
ȻҶڽάŰ˵ıϣǺܶʱһЩνͨǻйǰɸɾһЩΪİΪ֮߷߲ƽ
ڼʮ󵱶˹۹ʱЩΪ鲼Ϻ̲İ׶Ů߷߲ƽʱգŸĽС
ǼЩİˣȻһξ룬ǲ빤֣ҲһĴ࣬Ȼйǰάʮ磬Щǰȴֵʮūԡ
ĵطͰӢСͱ˭֪ᶨ֯һСɳǴûһܵ룬ҲûһС뵽ɳ֮С
ЩƽʱԴðռңᵽɳʱܻһصἰݳƷDDȻҲġ
ֻ̫˵ıĳȫüݣҲжݳޣܲμ˽ɳʹһֵλ
ɳʮͷЩˮɲƣȴûж˼ССʤ֮ϡ
Ѿӵһʴ⣬͹ڳڵսƣѾӲɹһֱ쵽Ϻ˭ҵ˵ܹǰŷȥ
ȻϺĴŷ޺ޣȴǵڶΪĳЩأǾԲԶչǵҵ
Ȼǵõ࣬ͬҲʧȥ࣬㹻ĽǮ͵λǻԸصԼȥص˵硣
֮ǰѾ͸¶ʶĹģȻ֪ȫΣҲȱһЩľƷǽǳΪӦһȥᡣ
οһҵܶпܳһӢл൱ߵϺ̲ⶼͷ
һӷƣѯЩδľֵҪɹʣ۶޷ǵ󣿡
һӢЦˣǿ²һǧӢǲܴʤⳡսģ
ƾЩ޷һУֻһЩصѾ
ûֻһЩصѾȴȫûˣһ˶ûУ
ҲʿС˵ɣȻϢͨƽʱֻעĶ򣺡ãҼǵֻǧˣ
Ӣ˺ϲĸоƷһѩѣĻϢһǰںڸʧʿȫǱʿûһ˻Żȥ˵˶ʮΧ
ʮ򣿡Ǿ̫ƽʮ𣿡
Խ̫ˣӢ˷ƽʱһϢͨӣ㿴ˣ˭£
ӲˣҶֽ֪ܵһЩʧֻ˿ͲҶ⣡
ǽйûƷҲڲҶǣ
һΣӰĲйˣЩϺתó׵ͬܵ˾޶ʧǱѰҸĻᡣ
Ӣıֽά˵ϣԱǲȡ˷ٷϢʵԺ㣬㵽˼һǧӢҲ޷ʤһսһ˲˵ұǸϤⳡս
˺һۣǸˣƺϺصĴҵģЩĴԶòѯеԭ򣺡ΪʲôΪӵжʮˣ
Ϊӵ䱸ŷȽĻŷսװʮʿȻԽϵǳϤǴӷ˵õ˴ɻøǿˣ
ģ
ֻһ͹ָһʵȻΧźںֻһͿԳ״ܷˣ
˵ҪԽϣβɹΪԮ׼Ȼ˵һЩѾôô
ÿһڳ˶еⳡۣйѾĵ⣬Խǣֻ˽Խ⣬ǲܻ
Ƕںʵǲţ磬ӵжʮһеķִ֧䲽ǹŷʽĻڣʮŷսװʿֱλһ
ǿĻҲֻƴôಽǹͻڣôྭѵʿȴǸ޷ƴճ
磬ӵǿӵĹֻһǾձ۹
һ¹ɵ˵ԼĻɣŷˣǾԲӵЩȽĵֻڰӺŮ˵ͳ֮²ܷս
ܼ򵥣ȷʵôϴ΢ЦƷһѾ֮˵˴𰸣Ϊ൱ǵģ
ͽ
˵ĳ裡
ʵ¶ڱֽϣı͹֣ɳ֮ȴϺ̲Ĵ
Ǹע棬һȺðռңֻѾ㹻ĵλͽǮվͨ˵ͷϡ
ǲע־óǷϷǷرǷ˵棬ֻ֪ʵ
ô
ǵĲ״ô
ҪʲôƷ
һЩ˵ð˳ȻǿԴֽϵõһЩԹӶר鱨ǰȴܻӭѣ˹ӭǵɳ
ͬ˵ʶô־ͬϵѣ˹ѾǽƬϺ֮мһҲǷǳջģЩϺ̲ĴǰǸ߲ʣڴȴһֵܡ
˹ȻȫгֻǱԵؽһνܣһι˼ֵһӥľ𣬼ǧ䲽ǹʣұ˵ǣǿһЩŲǹӵ
ʲôĲǹӵ˲ǹ𣿶ԣмŻڣ
˹˵һֵࣺҽ֪ʵǣϻ˴Լǧ䲽ǹпװǧ˲ǹ׼ǲӵսҲӷӵıֿˣ
һ֧ܻӵĶӣЩ˵ĵһӳޣڶӦȴǾ޴̻Ϊ棬ħнס
ǸĺĲ״֧֪ϺСģһЩƱѾȻһСˣӵ൱֧
ǵƺãսʼ֮ںķ˺һЩܵصʧһ֮㣬ԶϺǶš
˵ս֮ǰ򺣷ɹ߰ɵľʣȴǸûи
˹ȴЦˣǣսǷˣǣֻкĶһЩʧ˭ַ֧˵Ĳս
ȻǶУЩ˹ȴܷһЩرѯʵ˹ϺҪѰһɣ
ͬ˰ӽתϺͬðռҵ԰㹻֧֡
Ĳ״ǳãΪ˸øؼսҪϺʮӢ
ʮӢһС֣ǡǡ෴ʱǸĿⲢЩû
ʵϣЩμӶľ´ʷϻرļͶ֮һòµÿˣԼ̹ˡ
ȴǴû⣺ʲôе
˹ܷóһ嵥˵Щ嵥Ĳֲҵ붫гͻ
ⶼԽԽһָĴɽ֮⣬óԽϵ൱棬Ӹۿڵ·ȨӦоУôһϣһҵԲǾǼӢĲ
ǲǺϷĽսţ뷨ս״̬֮У
Ӻָһ㣬ͶǷռʱпһУͶʣٻһֵ
ƽĴƽֻҪ⽻ϵŬ峯ͻĺȴᷢδ֮С
ǵ˹ȴЦˣԻرŸߣ
ߣӿúⲻǽǵطʸ϶٣Ŀ̫Сˣ
ô˹Цˣҿ
ʮӢӸɴôһĿǻԼ׷ͶһӢǰۣ
ۣҵȨֻô࣡
ЩƽȵĴ֮УҪƱϴۣ峯ȥۿۺͷзãֻʣһԶǮӵѾǲŻˡ
ǸôĻر
ǿ嵥ѡϲҵ֤ǵȨڿʼ˹ı֤Ǻܿͻ׷Ͷʣ
սҪˣȻĻ˻
ǲˣ˹Ȼǳȫ׵ĻھֳһشĴ
˶˷ĻϢϲĶȫԽһδģĲ׬һ㻨Ǯ
ۣܻһʤĻ
˹Цˣû⣡ǺܿͻʤϢ

ӵڸְ֮ϣһҵľ죬Ѿޱȵͻߵߣһ·˺ڸ
ǵսȡ˻رպŵ뷨ǳɹ޴Ϊƽʱ˵ûнͧΪȷغ
ƽʱԱҪܵҵʧΪֹڴϼյǧʿ֮Уܵ

ָж÷ɭٽЦһ䣺˵ѾһӪĴۣ
ӵʿȴܴ֮ڻظһ͵ĳ̶ȣҲ޷Ʒս
ڼʮ̫ƽսУˮʦʹùսη赲̫ƽĹȴӲͷϳʧСһַ
ڷҲֻͬӲͷƤϳ塣
лϵۣһпѶԵյˣ
ڹȥβ·˵þȫϮһлŵˮĿ꣬ʹ˸ͧһͧը˷顣
Σֶѵڽˡ
ǰ״ڱעʮĵн
ؿ𣿷ʲôҲһף
ÿһսѪ㣬ԼĻֱӴ½·ͻƣӵмӪıȴôҲܵѷĴ󲿶ӡ
Ƿָӹ٣Ȼᷨͼֻǳ˵ڵֻҪȥˣǺڵģ
˵ţһͧѾʻ̣ǺûпʼǾصȴȫ̡
ͧٶȺܿ죬û¾ʻ˷أβõ൱ѧнٶֿ죬ûһͧѾʻ̡
һȴͻȻ١
оо
Ҳøˣ˵ֿͼֱ˴ڿϣȻһ·ʧ˲ʿǼװ廹Ǽʿͬǹʼ˺Ŀ䡣
ڱͬʱ˫ĻڼǹϽŶԺ䣬ڵѺһشϡá
Ǻڻͬǳصģڵ˲ͷȥֱ˼װ壬ڼװϵʿǴһƬѪ⣬һؼĴӿ˼װ壬սĺۼһϴա
٣٣
ȫû뵽ǣûǻƣͼȫѹƺڱֱһұֱͧʻ˺ڡ
СͧصʿһѣӸ˹˼ǵĸܣֻȫٵʻ˱ʻ˺ڡ
һ˼ʮŴСڣ˲µڵڽγһƬ𺣣ǷĽȴǴһػ𺣣ûκս˼ֱӳԶ
ˣ
ڱոտʼȴַѾԶˣֱţֻܰеĻҸ˵Сͧϡ
Сͧʼȫ淴Ȼھ֮Уȴʮصʿսѵʬзš
ڵǰеĵֿǺġ
ÿ˷ڵѰһͧȫΣͧʦҲ벻ԼĲƷ
ڻ֮ͧ˷Ͳʬ֮⣬ʣκζ
ԶӶݶȥķٴ⵽һιͬûнκսжֻûͨȻȫǰ
ұ𣿡
Ƶ뷨û뵽ǣ˶ںĴŮڣǲϧһдҪסУϧս
뷨ӦֱӷڣȻغһֻ⬣κô޷ơ
ԮӪʲô壿·ϾѾĲ٣ǵκԮܿĸɾ
Ƿ˾ôѱķںĺսȥֻںˡ
ӵôսԴĽ֮бĵһɶ
ұ򷨹ͳ˧һΣսϣܳԽ̼ˮģ˵˵ܾһУ


һپʮ 
һγɹж˷ٺʿĴǺȻΪ͹ƣȻȡ˻Ի͵սһڵ˵в֮½֮ʿȫ͵ڣ纣ʷֵдһʡ
1886꣬͹ࡶзսʷ
˵ǣʱĺڷӲûжսǰҪĳͻϣҿԾһʵǾǷ֯һζԺڵԮжȥ谭
ִ͹²飬ࣺҵĿߡ
躣ĹŲͬ°ڿһֳ֮󣬾ֻܺһ䣺˭ɵģ˭ɵģ
һγɹĺսжǽ֮ıԱ͵˺ڣΪڵĹṩİ÷ɭٽ˵Ĺʽʻ㣺Ȼڿ͹ƣҲ㡭
°ٽע˱Ǳ½ʿϣò˵һ䣺Ǻɵģ
ûǲκδеĴɺǿɵġ
°ٽֱҪˣȴŴӴϿʼϰʿ
Ȼʧ˽ǧˣǻǧʿָӣǱؽоش
÷ɭٽҲͳȥΣָ£ʧ˽ǧʿҼȫǷ񣺡һپṩİ
ϵ۰°εᶼˣҶǺ˷ϣһҪǧҪͣ
Ͳ˲ˣһ䣬ǵĵҩǵĻǵʳǵ
ھľѻ֮󣬷ǹƨڵģǳһ֦ǹʮӵһݸ֮⣬ʲôûʣ¡
ǵǴʱ򣬾ô࡭ֻô࡭÷ɭٽε˵ǾŬ
ǿڹ°ָӹУĿ
ʲôʱ䵽زˣǧĴۣһЩĲ˵˺ڡ
ұ˵ǣͣҲټڶΣ
Ȼһսûеҩûлڣûأûװû֧Ԯǳν֮⣬ûκ塭
Ļ˵Щˣʵ֤˵Ȼɹؽǧʿ͵˺ڣڽȥһ֮ڣǧòĲѾʧһ롣
ֻ֮ʧһ룬ȫΪռ˶λֳӣž˵ĺвû̫ܵʧ˺սϣٴγ鷳
Ǻ鷳ǷԼĴ鷳˲òϣЩǺսԣǸԼ̫鷳
Ƿ˸ֲҰսһս»ᴴһļ¼ֻܰЩʿΪʹá
ͬı棬ڲͬ˵ȴȫͬζ
Ǻսڼΰж֮һ
ڹ˵עصǽṇֻ̀ǿһ֨DDɹذǧʿ͵˺ڡ
һеϣڣ˺߾ȫԶѹеĲӣͼȫͨؿ೵͵ڨDDǵȥ
עؽֻǽѣӡ֧ܶȰү˽
ϵ۰ôôĲӻԮֺ֧
ȫ޷ôȫû壬˵ǽʵе飬ΪʲôЩ˻У
ڻǻϿţԽԽٴת˹ƣսϷ൱Ա
زҲ׿ɽɽܵĵѷܻⳡսʤǿ϶ֻһԭDDָӹӽˮˡ
սÿһ죬ͶԺָӹٶһ־⣬Ƕλ˾ٸһ־⡣
һ֮ǰһ֧ǧ˹ģСװһ֮ȴѴ뵽Խϵÿ䣬ֹ۵ĹƣǾǷֳͳδԼάʱ䡣
ڸЩҪһžԽϣӡ֧֪ܶȫ˷ľº;
ԥһУϷͥұΪЩʲô
ıֽеееڱʵеĸ߳壬еᳫ壬Σڱֽͷȵʼս
ʤϣս
ͬʷһһʱͬʱչս˹սӡ֧սսʷ϶ûȡս
ڱֽϵͷʼڸǸļƻס
Խǰ˹֣
Σȴ漣ûе̨һ󲢴Ǿ˵ĵ֧ʡ
ʹˮ飬е඼ʮ⣬ܻþķºԴ
ֻһ죬ȴо⼸ݱ棬Ҳԥˡ
漰»ܰ
Ӱ쵽ս֡
⹫𣿡
ʵⲢʲôҪļǺ۵һݱ棬ÿԮ˶ٱʵʵִ٣м亣ʧ˶ٹٱ
һݺı棬ǽȴǺЩ޷ܵĨDDǧ·ˡ
޷ڵ壬ֻǾж壺ô
Ӧⳡս
һذը
ܱðһ仰Ϊ˷Ǿ»ܣҲ뱨
ڱֽ˵ʲôθжȲϷıֽɡ
һҵСΪȱõϢڷһԾΪȫǰĴ󱨣ȻºƲûܵôʧ˭Ƿˡ
־ѹǷһΣһж淢ָôһİ壬Ǿ;дһƪɿ³
ҪĽǷͺ䶯ЧӦѡ
ǺԴ˲֪飬֪ʵǴںΣ֮УȥԮ
ֻҪԮǾ;ԼʲôҲøǲǲ֪ڵ֪Ѿȵսˣ֪ڷڱҿ𣬵ǻʹƨɵĲȥڡ
䡭䡭䡭
ںΧžʽʮͭڶʼѾסڱơ
ͷһͷҪܵҵڻװͷĿؿһ⣬һʿǰ塣
ǵıѹ󣬼һγʧܣҲһЩѣοںָ֮£ǻࡣ
֪ô֯ôչôʵҵϮֻҪ˵ĵоô󲿷ֵսƷǡ
죬ԼԼսԽԽ˳ˣԼĲӴ˾飬һΪһDDս½ˡ
ǰķȫװеķȴǴòٴᲽʿ̵Ͳǹû롣
һѯʷ²֪ϴʱһװһݸ֮⣬ֻ˲ǹһٶʮӵڰ·ϣѾһٶʮӵˡ
սʼʱ򣬺ڷŴľʳǰսĽУ󲿷ʲǱɻ񣬾սĴ
Ϊһԭ򣬺ڵؾԮĲΪصĸЩӲܴأҪؾ಻Ŀߺܴһ֡
ҶԶűòôҵսЦ˵Ļ֮ڿԽսˣ
ڷһڵؽԮҶҲһܿͲò˵÷ǳеս֮ϣѪ֮޷Կøװǿˡ
ЩᲽսϲûзӦеս޷ʵ
ȥʱ򣬺δȫԱս಻ǿƴľͷͲӣ˵һʮƽˡ
սѶȴǵǼѾըɷĳУҲʣ¶ս
ȴ˵һ⣺֪˶ã
ǽЧڣѾʮˣ
ΰĵˣеһʤ߻ǣ
ǵģʤ߻ǣҶ뵽һ⣺ǲǷһ²㷨˽
ڵ˵ıָӹٶǷǳӭģֳǣָӹӭһ¡
ڵһؿɹ֮󣬺۵ķ֯˼䣬ÿһζɹؽһֲ͵ڣһλ˽ʮ˵ļ¼
Ҳ֯һ䴬սͧĴͣȴʧأòᲽ䡣
˵һ㣬Ҷ־Ͳòļʶ
ɣڷ޷Ѹٽ֮ͰΪĹⷨսһһεؿ۽˷ϵͷ
һս֯ߵʹӦǱκеĻҪãսʼʱ򣬺λǼԱأ׼Ѿã£ǴڣѾȫŤת
ҶѵʶĶͳ˧ǰǵ֮⣬Ҳûκܸɡ
˵Ľ༸ģҶֵЦǿһž
Ժս˵Ǽпܵģڷ¹ͻ˹֮еĲȥһݣ⡣
һߵĲָӹ٣ʤڿŸԶ⡣
պĴͳڹռ֮ƺԼһôµ֮Уҵλΰţ
ر˾̩ϸɲԼܲټһ
ھҵ쳹ţȺٵȴʮƽڰһĴ档
ֱתеһĴϢͳ죬̫ԭﴫϢ
Ҿ֮ٴζҺפϣռҴׯҾ䲽ǹʮ
ֻѯʵûԱ
һˣҾδ軹
ǵڼΣ
ˣ
ҵ֮
ôһ仰
ƾ˵ȴ´ܣѾΣΣȥҪɽó
ڶ̶̵һʱڣƾѾԼΪȫϵһˣҪԮҪӪԮȻôԸ˶º°񣿡
ڱЩ죬˶ǾսúܸߣʮͬƾµĿǵģǱԮ°Ԫ˶ǿԶԸ
ƾһ£ͳһ̫ԭʱ򣬾˵ҵ֮Ѿ°ΣõĴˣ
ֻȫͨ£ڱ¸һϲͨҾֻаӪ˶ѵʮӪǿʤ㣬ǷҪԤ׼
δʤ԰ܣ׼Լһ·ֻȫķǿҲǳصģ
ԣǾҪҲôһս
ڵսʲôʱ
۵ʱ˼еӪ뱱ʴ°б佻棬ҷǹǧٷҾڲԣ
򣡡ƾԸ˵ֵģڱ˰ѵͷϣˣ
ĳ˿˴
廹Ǵĳӣĵ׻ôһڴ뷨ֻҪһһڣҲûлͷˡ
ǵزûѡء
Ӧ˵ʿǲȻӵвǰľǣǺܿ˾񣬸ԴԾӣǰԼΪһӣԸЧ
սһ°ܷȻҲҵǵǰ棬սЩбֵܽܵģ
ѾгˣһļӪͷʲô⣬ֻоЩҵŷʰڵҾ֡
һӪٵʵˣÿ࣬ȫڱٰ֮
ʲôµģ°ǿǷӣڷԱûУ̸
Ҳ˶µӪͼӪôҲǼǧͷǺôҲϼ칦ɣ
еһж⣬зǸ˿ǹؽ⡣
ӦҺˣ
ԼڱռϷ磬ܴӺԤڵӦôһнʤ㡣
ؽӦܲܳ£ΪӦĲֹǽǮʱ䣬ʲôˮһ㻨ȥˡ
ܻõĻرӦҲǷġ
ֻҪһս°Ҳˣ֮ܲλ۾תţޱȵǰ̡
ֻܷģⶼСǧټںȻиλãˣһǱ壬֪Ŀǣǵǿ˳ķϣһϣ
ʦ٣ҵȶԸһ¹˳ʦԳɾһҵ
ں֮䣬ƾѡ˺һЩԭںСȴʷϵĻᣬվһ
ʷ֤ǵѡ񽫻ôӰʷDDȻֻһЩ΢Сѣôѡ񶼸ı䲻һ㡣


һپʮ ս
ּôһ͵С
ʮˣ٣ȴ˵һ
ӱ˵ѾɾˣȻŹأǺܿ;֪ƽ֮˲սԺϱתս˲ս
ȵԽǴһЩɢĲڳһʵȱӪ٣ͳѲ£ʼǸ־
һжԲԼԼôһ٣ȴǰ㹦ҵδһҵûл
ȵ沨㶼ûˣҺǼӹٺͺ磬Ҳûа¡
ⱾǼ£ȴúʧ⣬ôüǰĲ¸ȥˣǷƣԾһıһҪö࣬Լʲô
ƾ²ûаԭλøţϾںӪλþǼҪλãƽʱֻмεĸɲܳΣλãΪҲôֱ
ǲƽԼֻһųǺԲԼԼԲǰ;ڴǱߡ
һ˾ڱСӪ֮У°˵һļϡ
ᶽ˷ģֻҪһԣҼԸȫӪʿع壡
ǳĳԸ뵽°Ǳȥ
˶ȴ΢΢һЦ°ֻı
ԪҲЦˣ޽ˡ
ȻҲ潫Ͼǹˣڲͬһ°Ȼ˼ֿ̱˶µ뷨ȽϸӣҪɵģҪͬģˣһ׮£
ԪȴЩƫСֻ°ռȥôһͷʮϧˣ
ʲôϧģ
˶¼˵Ԯһо㱸ֻˣ
Ҳһ޽ڲι򣬴峯Ѿܶص˶µ£ЩӶڴ峯ָһĲӡ
ͷŹǸɻǵûгһһ䣬Ԫ˵˵һҪɽһ׮£
̫ƽսʱ˶ͬһ·˺Ҳֻиëһ¾٣ҪЮ˾˶ΪҲ֪Цٻˡ
ҾЩȥǸĲӣٻؼңǰô㣬һ취ûУ
ûϲ٣ؽʱָܻؼȥƽؽʱ̣ٻؼңʮӪͷ£ֳһ־ˡ
ʱȥıȨӡӣһҲֲ֧ȥһ
Ϊ˻ȫģӪͷһҵû뵽ʲôˮĥϲ£Ѿַˡ
Ȼһ죬ϰ취ֱӸ没٣ȴѻʮӪͷĵ£˻˻䡣
ǰ˶ʮ߸ӪͷĶôڸɾһӪͷûʣҲԼôӪͷͱֱͣѾ˾ţ֮ڲŰؽϣֻȴץס˰ѱ
֮ԭľɲӪʱ򱻳ҾʱְӲԼľɲץ˻
һ뵽Щǰ£˶ȴֻһЦ̫ǿ²ദ
Ԫֻô˵ԭȴֻڶ
ЩʣǸ¾ٵëˮȥˣⲻϣµϡ
Щ꽥ȥԲķҲԽˣȻǸåˣżʮӪͷľɲпһʵгһ˼ʮӪͷȥ뻴̨Ϸ
˳иȻһ̨ȴֱؾˣܳɽҲӻ赽һӪͷı
ʷҲˣ̨֮ͬ޷ӻץʲôȨֻܴױ̨̨巢ֲȴȫǱľɲԼв֮
֧ϵҰΣᶯ֮⣬ϷʡǿãսƼһӪͷۣټұְ壬ȫʤ㣡
˶˵ͬͬԼһְ壬ֻпѽӰȫ֣µһְӰս֡

Ϻ
ʲôԮ·ϱɱǧˣҵϵ۰
һ֮ɳ֮УЩϺĴٴλʮ𾪵Ϣǧˡ
ǧ˲һ֣Ǵŷ˵һʧܣԺжһ֧ǿӵģ
ǿ磬̸Ǵˣ
ָ߷յľ´ЩϺĴҲԸԹ˾߸У˽˹硣
ѾͬһŻǱҪһشʤ֮ǲ
һ¹ЦˣΪʲôô򵥾ͷôСģĴܻܷˣԸⷢŸĴ
Ϊ˵𣬵¹ԸκⶼһˣѾΪеӢۣ
һλ¹еĴӢۣ÷˸ʮ˵ĽܳôֻʮӢľ´ˣԵõࡣ
ô죿
¿ʼ̸УӦԴԴ
ͬ⣡
˶ͬĹ۵㡣
ȻɳʲôĹģǴ󲿷˶ʶ磬ûκһҵľܻܷӣǺȴ쵽ˡ
ڹȥһ֮УҲ˽һЩȴΪ˹ɵıڱˡ
ȷʵһ֧ǿޱȵװţԴ漣¼ȻҵϼвŸɣ޷õһֵҵ
¼ųͶʣǱؽޱȷĻر
ţһӢĴյʮĻر

´ϣȡһʤѵǹȥȡòʤ𣿡
һݷսЦˡ
Ǵӽֺ֧ǵڻ㼯սźȡõһһս
Χ̫ãĳЩʿǵսɣ
仰ýѩһ΢ЦڳľҲЦˡ
û˻ỳɺȡԽϣ°˶֮⣺ƾѾµϢã
Ͱ˽ºؾ͸ƾһûʲô²Ÿɣ
˶Դ˷һһƾƣҲûжĻ
Ͼڱ̫ԭ棬ͶӪͷȻ٣ҲǿļսûпʼƾѾһ߷⼱󱨣˴ҡͷ
ҾһּͶ˵һЩûͷԵļһҲȥˣı
ôƾ¶»һԱ˺ȨҲóάһƾµš
ȻЩǿ⣡ⲻǷ˾ȻҲˣ
˶ˣ
ûƲڱĲӳˣ°ǽҾСӪܵУ־ҡò˳ת̫ԭ
ôˣҶ֣ôҲҪּ죿
°Ѿ׷̫ԭȥˣҿ̫ԭľûд⣬Ѿˣ
̫ԭʮӪͷսȻһӦ⣡
ҾûɼӪȥ̫ԭȽϺãƾ˿ס
ƾ¿סּ˿϶٣
Ǿǣͳ죬㻹Ԯ̫ԭɣ
ս֣ȴǵȴ
뷨ǲͬΪʲôҪԮ̫ԭôºڵĵˣ
ˣ
ûںսϣѾ湻ˣҲĹ˷ʵȥǲ׼ͷˣǳ׽ˡ
ûսҲ÷ڸ󲻵ǫ̀սֻۣһҪȫʤ
ȫʤ
ںЩ˵ڹȥһʱǲûвμ̫սʱһЩСģսͬʱȫѾʿǣʱͶ뵽սȥ
Ǻͷս

й˺ͺսõĻᣡ
ӡ֧ܶϢʱˮܿƵؾ
Լˣʮ˲Ѿʮһ֮ʹ١
ʹ˶¸ͳʵйӣڷֺĿ֧֮յѣȻˡ
Ȼսûд˫սϢͼֵһǧɣоˣӡ֧оˣ꣡
꣡ԾؾͺĿںţܶÿһ˶ǳ˷ܡ
߿׸˶ҪʲôĻҾṩһʺͲµԮõֳԶ꣡

ݴתϢйǰսж̫ԭˡ
ڸڼõϢѾ̫ˣڼְڼΪ˺ܴףȴ̫ѹ޷ıҴְʵѾݽ˴ǳʣ
£
ѾǰˣԵĹУַң
ʮΣսѾ޹ˣ
ȻԼϴһӡֳ֧أԺͼԼϽⳡսһж
սûнԭΪǿȵľж˻ԵĴսƵķΪʧȥҪΪ˸
һžɵԽȥΪⳡսϣǺܿ췢ƻûпԣκνԽļƻ֤ʵûκοԡ
ʵϣԼԽȫ泷˵ļƻǾпԵģʵȴصһ
սһַǵսʧܣ׼Խϵʱ򣬸Ըҵڹ
Ǵ֮£޷κ⣬ڸְ֮⣬κ顣
룬ϧҲʵǡ
գĵȴֻһƬհס
սԽˡ
Աߵѯʵڸ󲻻սȥ𣿡
ģǻսȥǲ߱
ţκһĺԶȡǿӲߣȻԱٶ
ǿɰķΣöʵ
ĵֻһ뷨жٷֻ꣬һһĺù񡭡

ĿѿԽ𣿡
ںķ˵ǾÿѵȥѾǽǰˡ
ѾͬйӷսµıϰٸйӪμһģĳͻһõĺϢ
Ȼ˶йǵӵģǵ˵ĵ˾ѣΪ˴򵹺Ըˡ
˵뷨֮УսؽӺڳΧȻת̫ԭ
սԣķԴݵӣҪðвؿ䡣
ȻΪһֹҵǲμÿһٺʿȴĵһĵط
֪ǰЩС͵սȥڲ֪Щ껹ж˻ȥԸ⾡Լ
ллأ
ЩٱǶϣЩƽƽػؼҡ
ڳΧ֮Ӧôⳡս
˾ٵĳĬ
ȻȱսɣǼսľ٣Ҳȱսȥľġ
ƽɣ
̸аɣ
Ӧٹĺƽ
ǾԼǵѡΪԽһ鸻أǵʼصʱ־Ĵʵ̫ˡ
룬üʮʿͼʮڷԶңһ⣡
ʺң
ǵģҲΪϲŷ޵ͺ磡
ʿǷ׷׳Ĭˣǲαֻе֪ж̫Σˣʱʧ
ֻҪٹĺƽ͹ˣ
ʤʱЩȴָǫ顣
ʵϣⲻһǫ飬Ǳ˴µıȻ
սڼ䣬˺ٻ룬ǵսʱȴ뵽˺ܶೡεĳ
ֻؼңҪĵطȥ
һʿ˵˵
ԽطʲôãǲҪֳأ⸻ʮֳеǣǲҪΪ˸شĴۡ
뷨ʿʱ򣬾Ѿ޴ֹǣΪǱҲͬˡ
й˺ͺȥذɣⲻǵսⲻǷսӦΪ˹ֶս
û־ʵǰֻһСӶѣ
ؼңھͻعȥ
˶룬ͻȻ֮䣬ۿ˾ӣ
ۿ˻ңûжԸΪһ¸ߣĳƽʱ˰Сʱࡣ
˶ڴĿֲϢսûнǻҪȥ
ҶΪֻһԣСʱ֮ȴʵ
ڷܹǱԮڣ
Ҫؼңصǵȥ
û뿪ۿڣϺʹ϶˼ҵĳͻһЩʿһЩͼپִܾΣ񣺡սѾˣ
ǵģڷ˵ⳡսѾˡ
ǺڵսŸոտʼ


һپʮ Ͷ
ȱЩ²ʿô֣Ҳı䲻ʵǾǱðżΣȥڡ
жѾ㹻׼κһԮжҪӴ߸Ӫʿ˼װ塣
ÿһͧǳˮٶܵһӰ죬źʿڼװؿţȴֻջ˾ǵļ
ÿʿ˿ЯƷһЩʿ˵ڸûи׼ʳϢ֮󣬱ԼϴշݵĸˮӵǴ˶ٷ
һֱ˴ǲһֱĸоһƶͷһʿڿ˱˵ֻҪһڵһ˶͵ȥ
Ƕںڵؾ˵һڵ⣬峿ʼǾһֱڵضɽҡжȹ
ֱһȺĲǨӣʹڵҿһеǰķ¡
שʯĹںĴڵǰֱͬһֱӾͱ˺ͬը÷顣
Ҳ֯һǿսͼںĹǰһĻ˰ٷڵһСʱھͱ˳ȥǺĻرʹǧڵڱغ顣
ķһһÿ籩ڱ֮󣬲ûжҴŻҴҲԸʹʵ
ĲŲɫľװѩĴ̵ڻ֮ͳ˺һӵأķչҵɱ
˫һǲòϣһµ֮󣬷սѾˣһһڴ̵սϿȥȻȴ
һսڷϣ˻ɳһʿŴ̵ͼظոʧȥأδȵĺϳȥ
ǵÿһηֱӱҵڻ÷飬ڼʧ֮󣬷ֻؿź϶ȡء
Ƕڷ˵вǺǹǣЩǹž˵ǹƺڲǹ̶ȥ˵
ʱ䣬ս߾Ϳʼһ汤ϣѾ˰졣
ԭΪٿԼһܵģ
ûҲΪģ
Ϊʧܵĵһˣο죺ƺзӣ
ǵһ棡°βָˣѾǵΣ
սʼ֮ȻͶûһӵֱӽǹЩ˵еĴ󲿷˶Խ˺٣һǵͶ
ǷΪܼһܵģȴڵڶֱӱˣһź͸ԽֻһֵֵѾ˰졣
ӵɫò԰ףѾ뵽˽֣룬õķʽҿԲϾ·ͥˣ
ٽһֺ⿴ʧܵˣǺܿҲһշսķ²
УѾ׼һͧͧһЩĹȥѾһŴƱ
ҲԸϾ·ͥӵɫ԰ף룬ٵսõĹޣ
°ٽԸ˵̫ࣺؼҰɣ
ӺܾòŽ˽飺Ӧô죿
ɫǵ¹˵ķ²ʹྭȻйһΣڶҲӦû̫⡭
ٽ˵úɣǰǵظܵʹࡣ
ɫʧȷʵǷʷʹһҳʱĹ°νһͨٶѣڣȴս۵ָӹ٣ʹ´
ٽ뿪ɣӵˮֱͶ´
ԭڰӵԺУںֿ֯شľ壬ǿǣסǴ쿪ʼܹȴԼ뷨ǶôЦ
òϣָӹһλ׿ľͳ˧ͳʵĺһ֧ΰľӣǵĹƼ谭
Щķȱ£Ȼǿĵֿҵڻټɽ纣һĹƣȴ׵еĵֿ
ȻĺĹƣǧʿ˭ڵֻʱѡ
κضɣ·Ѿǧٱ飬ҸðӾǺȻڡ
һʮ׺һٶʮ׵Ȼ䷢Ƶĵ֮󣬾ͳɴ򿪷µ÷˲òǵҰս
ִٹҰս£ԭڷ˵ӡ֮Ǽ᲻ɴݣȴɶһĹ£ǵڱƿһ£˷һδʹĻ䡣
У°ٽЦˣȻ㲻һϸָӹ٣һϸľˣܾһְ𣬰ⳡսľѵ
Σе
˵仰ʱٽ˺һܿ;ģǿǴǵǴ밶Ҿ죡
¡ȻڼȻڽ߾ȫڣںӱϽһͧϣҲѾˡ
ǵмԱеĽܳ٣ҿҲ֮Уɶһ־С
Ǵ̫밮ӱһ붼һܵ飬ٿϣľٺͼԱȻڴϼ
ÿһվ˵λöˣǸ˻ڰϵš
һ뿪ڵĴ
ͻȻ׼Уӿڵ̰ϵ˴ؼţͼҳһѴĿܡ
һжѾˣֱ˽ˮ֮С
˫ץˣ˷˺ӵܿͰת˺ڡ
۵һɫȻڳϿƮš
ܿ죬ɫͽˣıˣȴԸĳ֡
Ʈ
컺𣬻һ̶ˡ
ı˺ˣһЩѾվľʱ򷢳һźЩֱ˺ˮУͼλغȥ
Ѿʮӵͧȴðǹֵ꣬ʻ˴ڻеĺڳǡ
ʱ̣Ƿڰʱ̣
ÿһ˵϶ųʹ棬ǵĶȴǸ˼ǵԾɴ˷ʽӵڵ
ս˲пᣬʤսǲὲʲô㵽Ϊ̶ֹֻǵս
֧Ӻӳͧûþشʧǵļװ屻ȻڵУװϱһƬǼ
룬ǸĴˣ
һٿ֣Ҷһٷɣ
Ļոճڣһ۲˵һٷǷˣ
Ϊʲô
ԿĶ棡
ͰУѾ·ʻֻӣֻӾͲһ㱻״̬
ǴӺʻԮӡ


һپʮ ʼIϣ
ֻӽ״̬ĴȻܵ˺ڻصչˣüͧ϶ֱӱڻһڶһߣб
ڼװشʿӿһӵûдȥѾܼڵʧȥ
һȥѪ⣬ʲôģӴĴѾ˺üСͧͧ
˵벻Ҷһ̽٣Ӻеľٶһ½еǻȥȥ
֧ԮӴʵսڵؾѾͶ

խĺӵ֮УʱʮȻڵͲǹĻһѵ飬еĳԱ϶ȫˮ
ϵۣʲôʲô
η·һʬȴÿһˣһսûнԼһѾûκˡ
ûûκ壬˶ʹһ㡣
ʿǵķԣǿԮ߸ӪıǺһǲ˸ǿĻĻڽ裬Ѽװϵʿһɨա
ˮûпٻǴصˮȴֻܾطһǹȻ󱻵˵ľѻֱУǾԽôһߣȴôһϢ
һŬڶΪգڵؾѾͶˣʲôûջDD˾޴
ÿһӿ˾޴УҪ֪ΪͻƵѾͧͧͧȫĴۣϸսˮͬΪڶ࣬ڴصʿǣںһ˼
߸ӪĲǧİӺѾһǧ˻ûʱ䴦ʬ壬ʿɴֱĽˮ֮С
Աˣԭӻһʿһʿȫˣ˭ܼͻǰķߣҲֻȥѡ
ڵؾѾͶˣЩƨɵʿܵϰҲǸ⣬Ҳǵˡ
ǵжٶСʱ˵Ѿ˺ķ⣬ֻһ뵽⣬˶˴ź͸߲١
ϵ۰ǰɣ
Ȼڵž޴ĥĻȻڼţȻ˶϶ϻʧȥǵ
ˣͬʱϡ
һ°εɫҲò԰
ʹֹͣսǽܺ
Ȼշսϴ񣬵Щ˵ϻǴһνĹ緶˱ʾԼһ档
ɽڻǰȴʮ
ֽԼȣҲƽϸ˵ĵʧϣеʿǹɫܵõõĴ
˾ٵȣʹѾѹ°ٽȫһָӹٽǧ߰ʿ͸ƽϣܵõµ
ĬţûеĻֻʵˣٽʲôת𣿡
ںڳڹԼһǧ߰ԱϣܾõΡ
ǿһСʱڽĻ
ϣܳе𾡿еΣҲϣսսǻؼҡ
ս׶Σ˫ڷ²ǲпᵽ˼㣬²ֵֻдڣǰսĲ󣬺ѾƵķ²аǧķˡ
챻ԱУǧķ񣬶ⲻƽԱеķˡ
ǽɳееĴ̵;ʣǱ֤ڿʼֹͣһԹľжвֹֿͣ
ǽ֤󷽵ȫ˲ƲκȺ²жܵĳͷҷָӹٳŵ󷽾ٿԱʵܽϺõĴ
˵ｫӴˣˣٽһķݣˡսƷҳһѾƸٽȥ
֮Ǻгģڷҳ֮󣬷ʿѾȫˣȫ߼ʲôǹ
ʱȺ߳أֱ򵱵صĺеͶͬźһƿѾơ
Ҳֵúܳ˭֪
ָӹٵĵѾȫֿˡ
һҳдʷǽʷڶ޽еһͶ
ֻǿǰǾ󣡡


һپʮ ʼ£
̫ԭǡ
ƾغһɵشȣȴǾ̩ɽͷһʯ
ƽضıƱ䣬浽ٻϵʱȴЩԥܷŲȥţ塭尡Ǵ峯ҳ
峯ͣѾĹ̽һ˳뷨ܱôһ˿һߵϣοļ˸֣ڴ֮֡
һ̾ŴӲ輸ţ˶µ飬Ȱ𣿡
Կ˼ۣȴǲȻŭ˶̫̫ҵʲôǵռū
˶¾ٵӣ˵ƾ¡Īѧء֮ˡһȴǷƾµļɻ䡣
λ˵ˣǻϺǿӵ򣬺ųа˰۱֮УʱͶЧʱִ½˳Է٣
ңӣǸǸĶŽСˣȻ˽ᶽλãеصʿ򶼲ˣߵƾ¡
ңһ뵽˶Խ߷߲ƽһ뵽ҽֽ֮ڶˣ뵽ǰ͢ɱֻӳһӣţұСˣ
һ뵽⣬ȼɱҿ˭ͷҵϣҺúƴɱһء
ͬʱ̫ԭĴ֮ϣһȺȺź£ŸշĿηѾ˸߲ҵС
ڲͬϵͳĸӪͷǳǻ֦дӹݸļӪͷο񻶵ʢ
ʱʱɽַϼǹȻ׳ĲҲˡ
ȻǴ峯ǿһ֧ȴǴԽϾڿƴճǿãҲսӪͷ֧ѾͶ뵽ǰսȥ
°ֱڶǰУԹ۲ɽƣֻӪϽ
ĴͳսָɽӣܷƣҲǶһӪ飬Ǳʣʵûʲôͣ
ʵ˵ģͳ˧˶²ûʲô͵ļһͳʴ˵ºˣαػɽѴת
һ뵽⣬°Խ׳־ˣ渴׹ȥ¼׮ѫ˵ǵڶˣһν̫ԭҾؿɵʤ
˵ʮɰգ˧ڱںλˡ
ԴӾûùѷе걸Ǽֱڲ֮ˡ
Ϊһȵǿ˼ǰγһëҲһٵģοںΣΪ˽֮Χפʹӡ֧ܶϹǲҪǮһظ޳ʵĴ
֮ʣҲҪۼȸߣ󼾸ԼҪָ©٣ԲǮͬˮһ㻨ȥ
ΪֹԽĹɷ˹Ӧÿ춼˳Ŀǹҩװʳ;öǷ취Ӧ˻֧ϵıǮѾǧɡ
ֻǶǿ˵һСǮѣ°;һнаգڱصһӪ̫ԭӪɽ
ͬբĺˮһ㣬ܿƵͬȳһӿ̫ԭͼκһ֧
Ѿˣƾ̫ԭӪѣֻӪ±ںڣǽûκ⣡
ʮӪͷĵϵӣټӪձĹΪȷ棬ӪԽ¸չ˶̫ԭϵӪͷʮ
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ǿ̫ԭûʲô̫սӪͷǡǡ෴±Ƿ׷Ŷصȥ̶̵ʱ䣬ƾѾնʮͷ
ǻһٶܻȥˣɺҲǳصģЩֻǵԱһŶû
ЩʿΪ̫ԭֻǷƹһ㣬ڴӺѾһŵĶ׳־̫ԭǰ
ǵڶ֧ȥԮ̫ԭĲӣ˵ͶʽûüμӣǾ뵽㷺սȥ
һսʾǵϸڶţ


һپʮ ŮУ
ΪĳУʼǷڱԽ飬̽ãĴƮɫ죬洦ɼʮּܣĴСټϽ𷢱̷ĺˣֵ˵Ũֳɫʡ
ȴǻһģ·еֳɫʶʧӰ٣ԭͷӿĽſڶſȸɫʮּܣľѾһʱӵˮȥˡ
һŷǿķӣЩؾȴȻУǰԤһսʤܣֻҪͻȻĸ֪ˡ
ЩѷһЩΪԽͨķʿһ̲̾ȴı
һűһһȦԱߵһԱ˵˵ϵ۰ɫһȻ޹⡭ǲٻصˡ
ġҧ˵ǲ֣ǱȻջ񡭡ĹԱȻأ
ĽѣʿܹٴΣֻҪڶ֮ϣǾͱȻЦǱؽô̵ڵͽ
ľôʱ٣ǽеĽת£ֱҪѿʱ򡭡
ȻŴδݲйڱԽȻһʵĽţвڣֻҪЩǱ£µıԽԿôȨڲõĽ鷳
ǳﻮôǱôԿ֮ȴ˷ˣұ˵ģվڷ֮ϲͬµĽ顣
׸񣿡һ۾Ϳ˶ԷЩŭ˵Ĵôⳡս
λμĿ׸񣬱Ϊһλ׿ԽмңԶĵһפԽϵķṩ˾Ľ֧֣ΪǶԽսάֵڵ󹦳ı¶ʾ
ڱԽÿһˣλ׸ĵϸطŴľʣôõ̶ֳȡ
սԺλ׸񲻵ûܵκεĳʹ÷˰ļǣԶṩʵDDȻʻԹڶеϡ
ûÿ׸κξţǸһ˿ЦݣҵϢıˣѾ峯ӷ൱ģĳͻκһ¹۲ҶףǵĴģսɱ⡭
ŭˣǸı䲻κζ
ⳡͻڼ֮ǰܸıսˣǵڣȴ̫ˣ
ںڼصķӣڳµĵֿ֮޷ȥˣǱͶ˨DDʷһٹεͶ
ԽϵսƶڷӣǱԽԽԽǱԽ棬ʧȥ֮󣬲дķںһߵĲв֮󣬾ֻбһǿӪ
ǵĶֺǿһЩ۲ҵбһž޷սʤĴڣκԽϴģĽܿ춼ᱻ׷
ͬҲźǿӵһٸӪĶֲڷκζ֣Ƚ䲽ǹʹﵽ£ͻڡ
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׸¶صЦݣŴǸ⣬Ҳģ
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ûħܴ󣡡׸ԽԽˣ֪ͨһϣ̻֧ǵж
ˣ
ҷˣ׸һʥͽ˵վڷ֮ϣϣֹ̻κԿж
亹һӾˣֿ׸ļƻ·ʵֵĿܡ
Ҫֹͣκι̵жǱֹҲֹ
׸ȴЩڽĵһ㣺ⲻ̸е⣬̻ɳһ̸дҪǣҳ׶ֵȨ
ʲôһʿеʵҪָսǰľ档
ǲܣֱӾܾ᰸ΪǿԱܱܲ
Ǳ뱣׸ɴػش⣺̸ܳɹĻۣΪԶóġ
ÿһ˶ھſ׸Զ׿ʶȻƲĶ֣˫ܺĻǺΪԴ
Ȼһ֧Ǳȴͳ۹ٶǿȨսᡣ
ʱķ˺ŷһûгŪ峯ʵرԽսʧܣһ־η֮С
Ǻܿ͵ó̵ĽۣǶ֣ǷŴܸǵĳ⣿׸׼ǷŶٶȵĴ
ǵò
ھϽӶʧ֮󣬿׸ĵ߱÷ǳͣǱս֮ǰǽߵдŵ֧񡭡
֮⣬Ǳ뱣֤ٽİȫɣ֤ó׵ƽȣ֮⣬ڱפԵԴݳеķ²ý
ʿں֮ڣԵõƽȡɵĶԴ
Ҳ˶Եߵƶ֮Уϲӡ֧˳ѾӪʮֳأ
Ҹ˽飬ΪǿԴ˳˳Ѿ˼еأüǧʿΪвǿԶҲ޷
׸ͬĿô̻ͬչ̸У
ǵģֻҪ̻ͷ治ַЦ˵Ѿһս

䣡䣡
ѾÿһΪ֮ϰΪÿһѾϰ˺Ȼʱ䡣
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Ҫƽ
Ǳչ̸У
ԸѾйܶΣǽԸ
Ϊڹģǿǰģֳص棬Ըǡͬʱģкҵڻ
ڳ⣬ͻȻһҵĹƣһЩٵı棬ĲͶս˫չҵɱ
Ĺڼʮ֮ڣһӪȫʮս׷ţҪɱ
Ը̸УţҲһλŵĽȻͬǴһ
ܶѾκλܺķˣǵĵʮǿ󣬽ֳطΧ֮ڣǾӵмʮŵıǼž޷սʤǣ
ҪսôС˵ʵҪƽôоޱǿ
ܶ˾ͼĹ۵㣺ʹžȺ޷սʤԽĵˣ
Ȼǿ˺ʵȻڽֳֺ֧صĺʱΪǿǻõԻͳʵԭȲӵ֧Ԯ㣬ҲʮӪ
ڼ޷սôֺ֧ǵķֳԸǵĵӵʮŵı
ܶ˵һǰ˿ڣǱսᣬֻҪսֹܵԸκζչ̸У
ĺƽԸȴǺǹԽԽ죬ڽӽķΧ֣ԤѾͶȥˣӭǵĺı
һֱιƲűܣǷ˵ʧΪأ˷˵ĺƽԸҲŨңǶǰúƽ壬ӦΪ˵ĴжصĴۣ
ϣ˫ܾ͵չͣս̸Уܾ˳ֳأָս֮ǰơ
ǿòǿôȥ
ǺܿиըԵųˣ˹ռ˳ʥɽѧУ
ǼǧҰĵ˹ռ
Ұ˳ȥˣ
˶ϢˣԽĽϲ̵غĲ˵֮ãȫ֮ð
۾гһߣһΣǴ˰̣ͳǰýˣοʤôƯ


һپʮ ս
һ뵽ͿƲסԼĵ⾢ͷ㲻սҲֱһĽսۣʮһб硣
սˣûΪʲôô㣬Ϊ˳ˣһ죬˴ıܳλ֮ϡ
Щȴһģһܰ쵽飬ͬܰøɾ䡣
һ뵽һ㣬Խˣǣٸ˼ɫ

һ̫ԭͬһرΧ֮µĳУӱӿļʮӪѾʡΧʵʵ
̫ԭΧһһӪݣǵﱤһһػƽ˭СǵĹơ
̫ƽսУ졢ϾǾʹֹսġ
ǺųӪʮʮһݾǰͼ׶ڵһͨ
ڵؾǱо̲ر¸֮ڼ£صǱȥƾɱʮˣŰѳڵƽ
ȥǼʮӪĴʹ˾͹̫ԭʡǣʵҲڵصسǹģȻʱӹЩ£Ĺгֹ顣
ЩȻûսʤȴһ֮£ͬˮһӿȻ󱻷ХȻըƬȻһδڳսϣıǵս
ǵĽַ̫֮ƽʱڣû̫ĽֻǴӷõ˴ĲǵĹƻûеɽǹֵꡣ
ǳһпɵĿкŻڶ̶̵һСʱ֮ھͷʮĲǹڵȻ󲽱չȻڰСʱ֮ڱ硣
ƺ޾ƣһһطƣҲںķҵ©չҵĹơ
ؽļӣͻȻ󱻺Ĵ̵˳ȥ
̶̵ʱ֮ڣ̫ԭ͵ʿڳʧ֮ʬ壬ʵϣڻֱӱġ
˧ս²Ԫüͷ˵°ˣʹϵȥǣǽû˽ǧˣôġ
˶ʱϽȴԼ뷨ôԪǻ԰գ
Щ˵յĹǼȫˮƽģӳ峵ݣ볣õֶΣڶʮǰǹ˼ǵΨһ취ھصбƣ֮Ĵڡ
̫ԭĺؾ֮УȴűǸǿĻڣӪͷûչûзֵ˾Ѿ֪ʲôطڵҵۣڶҲͬҿǰ
ھصַ̫ʱڱԽƺʲôеսԪʵʵ˵û뵽ƾݿˣȻӪôһҵ֪ĵϸҾͼ֮
Ǻˣһ̫ԭͺˣȫû뵽ؾȻƾªسԿʮӪͷĴ顣
ս˳ҲһСĽΧ֮սռеΨһǾǺġ
ģ˵ǼֱһΣԶ֮⣬ʦ޹ԪԼĽ飺˧ǻʱ˰ɣ
˶ȴǺԥɳأò³ִһôϵȨ°񣬶ЩЩؽʱ򣬻Ԫϵ
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ϣԪȴתһϷҪԮ
û˶³ʦ֮ǰѾȫıHԼһ뷢ѣѱ̫ԭ᯶ҲӦˡ
ƹܶHˣ
Ԫ˶¿ҫعӢĶ꣬˭ҲȻعӢйԼ
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ʤϽ֣ںӵΣǸⱾĸݵأԴӪ֮ɽźϡ
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˶µķʾ·ɴز̫ԭ֮ߴ˽սϷҲջһ޴ʤ

֪һ޴ıڽ٣ɽǰϸڶͬ
Ƕ־ȻδϴȥȴžԵġ
ںڸĳսĲʧȥ˴ıԱÿһǲԱָӹٻʿһֹ۵
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ڶһŷֵоԼӪװŲǹŻڡ
ǰֵоԼӪڼ֮У
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ܿҲϸӪʱˣٻкþ㣬ʱҲڹִˣͲŸɣѾȫָһӪսж
Ų֧Ԯ
ǵǰһŵǹǵĿĵ̫ԭʡǣڳڵĺһδεؽоˡ
ǰȴһļ̹£ЩѾսϱսʱڵˮƽҪЩӪ֮У޾
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óӪǰİʿ·ͬ׺һһ㣬ôҲۣȫӪСϢ
ǰ̽о֮ʵܿڶԷսгڸӰǨǵµξְ֮ϲȴԸóλõ˱мĺøС
ܿ´սŲҪԮ޶ȸӲӣʮɽһţ
ǰŽвɢ
СϢɣ
ڶأ
ܿҡս죡ϸӪǰһУǳΪǵѫ£
ǰʮӪ


һپʮ ͻϣ
ڽܿϵ´֮ӪѾչսΣ޷սͶѪɱ
ȻȱݣʱõһЩȻʵĲ࣬ѾǶǴ½ǿһ֧ãھԷս֮һõľʿ
Ҫ̫ܿĶԱҲҪսھϸĲ´ģӪЧʵתʼǵĹ
һšţ֮
Ȼʵʩѹ

Ȼʿɢ֮Ȼž޴ĳͬɽҰǹӭĽ
˫Ѿƿ˺ƽļ࣬չսܿϵıŵŨҵζԶ׻ɫۺɫ⡣
һĻ׳ޱȵĳмǧӿ²Ӫڵ̧ǹ֮չѾһ귶صҩ壬Ǹǰĵ˾ж٣ûе˶ûȷϣʹϵʼһֵĺ
ǹףһӪð·Ƕɢúܿ죬໥֮䶼ڻнڱ
磡磡磡
ӵʹǵͷƤϻȴûʲôˣʿȵǰֱʮ׵Ȼڽɱ˷ΧǰӪİף䡭
ǰøһЩðĻɵؾԾһٶףȻĳʿ
䡭䡭䡭
ڵ䣬һͷϱըĵƬһƬǼȥ¸ҵĺŭţŴ̵Ӫ
ͬ⵶˽ȥ
ʲôˣ
Ϊͳ󽫣°ͳʶʮӪ̫ԭǰߵĵһս֪ԮϢ֮о̽ʵ
⼸콻սȻܴ죬ȴΪҲôˮƽƾƺڻȫȻҴ徢õĶ֡
˵ݳأгǿУҰսɱ°ĳȫʤȯǻկݣȻǵϾһ㣬ǼʮҲ̩ɽ
ԼӪ֮ڣǧ֮ڣвԽͻԺԮǰӪǧѹӪš
춯صǹѾ˵ⳡսչ°ϲ⣺ҵȷ࣬ǽ֮ʱ
˵ţȵӪᶯԽӪ򲻿ˣ
Ӳկ̣ʼʱѾĲʮӪͷڹǣоǼʮڼ̵Ӫ֮Ҳδܹơ
Ľ˧ҲǾܣӦ˧ּ
ˣˣһֻ˺Ӫزߣն
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ʮӪͷӪݣǹھ룬յĳëηɰĵ׵Ļ˵ˣǲҴʩ͹ǵ㻼Ҳ
һڽ˧Ժ֪Ȥصȴ°һ䣺˧ҡ
Զȡ֮Ҳ
Ҹ߹ݣʮãʿо಻ɺ
ɾߣΩңĴλұ˳ݶɽ֣ˡ
˵ȴһܽҿǱع˽ȵ˧˧ҵӪͷˣһȰɣ
ܽͷ󺹣ϸڶŹ׵ӪͷӪͷûʲôֿͱڱ磬ʲô
ôŹ˼ǹϷ彻ԼǾսŸʧܵģ°һۣôˣǲǲҵĺԳ
Ӫһ࣬һƬȴǳ˵˧С˵ӪͷӪŰ벽ȥȫڣȻǧ˶ּԾʮңұӪѲڣս֮ʿ̫ڣŲòˡ
°ɫãȴûľģԶǹֵһ춯صĴɱ
еӪҲһɫû뵽ĵоǿһ־ȫһӪ֮ھȻֲӡ
ɲʱִѶϢֹһӪݣرʮս֮󼸺ѳְ
ѳְδʵ飬ʮ˱ȫȴʵ飬°ǾþϣӪأҵױΪǰӪȥԮ


һپʮ ͻУ
ֻڳ֮ǰ°ȳһױ˧Ԯ˹ңоڰԹѻڣ侭սо̫ڣ붦ȫԮ
⼸䣬ױӹٺͼӪͷͳж°ָ֮һĽ˼Ӫ׼Ͷսȥ
ʱʮĽЩ滴ûиһĳ̶ȣôҲЩսҲǿ
̶̵ֻİСʱѾ°Ӵսʮ˳Ӫݾ͹²İ֮࣬ͷʹôѺôķ²
ֻ°ս֮ϲ־ϲǺ࣬಻߰˰ˣЯСڶѣ˵ǧˣôʤİվʹöˡ
ֻһ뵽о߰˰ˣȴ̤ԼüӪݣǴΪ𾪣ֻתһ룬ȴǴ˹ңսɱ֮࣬бǧ࣬ǽ֮ʱ
ЩĽ˧ҲͷһвǧˣڳżӪͷ͹֮Уоʹϲ⣬ΪǽҵĴʱ⡣
ǣ㣬ҸǱ٣׻ӡ
ӪŴͳĲ֮һͳ֮ӵǵָһϵӪ٣ǵ߶Ӷһ졣
ǰڳһ󣬵ĿķҲйͳΣǰʱݱ䣬νϵսΡ
ǲʱţһŹֵʼǰƽǵָӹٴеǼȥҪǣҪӣƴϰ
Щϱȴ൱ͷǲûʲô˵УӪֻеһ֣Σǿʼ٣ͼȡһսƷ
ʱĽܿӪѾָ֮°Ӫ֮УǼֱ֮ǿĵֿҲİ˼ǹȻѻ־ȷɵ˼֮ȫ泷ˡ
Խǰ;ԽʵΪǵı̫ˣһӪսҪʮӪͷӪݣÿһʿһ̧ͷһͷῴɽҰͷ
оڶ࣡Ҫ֧Ԯ
ڱڱ쿪ڣ
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Ǹæµԭеľѻ֣ЩǹװϾѻĸʽǹ׼ȷѰſֵɱĿꡣ
ʵϣǵս൱ˣʱʱ۵ٱһ֪ķӵ򵹣ȻһʿȻ
ܿҲһٲǹԶԶظսߺչһµսͬչܹӪǿһʮɽһżȻţ
Ҳҷչȫ湥ƣ
ܿ˷ܵؽһԮˣǼӰˣ
ʱһǿսǰͣȻһȻʱ޿̵ڻǣǰӪȴӪ
֧°µľ֮ʦս֮ʿȻǹʩʮˣǲؾȴڱ֮Уһǹĺѹһǰ
˫չ˶䣬ÿʱÿ̶ˮ׼ѣʤڶ࣬һӾ͸ʮ˵
ȻڵӪڵȻսˣ˻Ӷս죬ҺӿԮɽҲ˹źͺ䡣
ʾʮʿԮ˹һܼǹһˣرأһӾһˣŻоѻֿʼ
սֲòΪֲı仯ºĽչȫ裬ܿϴؽе󱸶ӿ󱸶ӣ
սںƺԽμӳĸӶвС֣̫Сһš
رһЩΪǿȻûҰսɱı죬ǹӪ֮սȴŻ㲻ı֡
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Ӫһ֮£ܼĶ糱ˮӿ


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ںǰôһĻ׳ȴԵҺĳ
һԵʮֳ¾ɵľڻӶţźµܼҵǰÿһٶҪߴţЩʿ·ɰǧũǵĳͷѰǵĿ꣬ԶԶأŵǵĳζ
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ں˵·һ˲䣬սȫıˣ淢ӵͻȻܼÿһ˶ԸеǺڻҩζԭӪݣͻȻӵ
ʱʱʿʹܿӪȴûбսȫڽܿУʿǣǵԮ
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ʿȴǳصģǼеĻκθڽӽвصĵ˿𣬼ӵǰȦӣγ嵽ʮ⣬ͱܼ˻ȥ
Ӣµһʮ֧չ䣬ͬǿҵǰˣڰ;⵽һֻڵɱ
ͬʱصȻڵʮ׼ĵششĵƬʮǰӪͷȴȫȥ
˵ΪʹǺѻֵϮɱ֧һϼָӹٵǴսһʼͰѵ˵Ϊصչ˶󣬵Ϊֹļ֮УһǾٺ֣Ȼ˲ȥಽ²ټһɨա
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һֱױȴȥǻţֱǧ͸֮֮ͽϳ塣
ӪҲӦˣ˶һ£Ӫͷ˹ٴθѹ൱ѹ
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ΪϸڶţǸڶʼΪǱϸŸʸϸӪĴУ仰£ͻȻ
ԮĺΪһǿͷڱԱϣȻھԵƣǶ°˵ȴʮ־ɥһӪǺã
սĺӪĹģѷв¶ʮӪͷôأȴʤϣ
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ֻսֵݱѾɲˣսݱ䵽ĳ̶ȣ°ֻǿԸǴˣҪɱͷģҪɱͷģ
ֻ̫ԭȴһǹؾȻҴٳȴѡһǿڱ֧Ԯ³̽
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ڱмŴڰ
ԥ˰죬ֹͣڳˣʱܿȴ͵սӶս죺ϸӪǹǰ
ӷһʼһµж޷мܡ
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Ŀҧҧ촽ԥմˣСĲʵ°˵ױҲ棡
Ԫָָķһǧɱһ˫Ŷ̶̵սչսǹֵնǷɹ񵯣ȫ°Լױȥסսߡ
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ϸӪֻּһǾǹǰ
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ΪϸŵķϸڶϸŸעűͻ˵ذһͶսǡǡѡõĶ֡

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Ӫڻɱ֮£ʼûкܺõǵڶӶûзκãΪѻֵϮɢ
˶ȻǷ˶ĻΣغеԪȥָӶһҪѹһҪѹǣ
Ѿʤϣڣ뽩֮ǰ֧ʧԽԽԵȴŵ˵ܱ
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ֻǰޱȵս֣֪ԼעˣӣͶսͶսǹǰ
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ȴǿ۽磬֪⣬ǴڿǹƳ棬ûһԼʶģĲ˵ɰǧڵҪǮڵһߵ߰˸Ӫͷûôӵоͱڴˡ
һɢҵʬ壬һԱԱϽսϢɽҰ޴ڵĺֻѱ˼
ж︣Ѻα°ȵĸ̲ȴɢҲΪʲôͿ
ĵʮڣϱûкҩɳԣµȻǺһĵ꣬Ѷʯͷµը˺ü
幫幫һ¼ҵĺ󱲼ǿŴԪܹȴЪ͹ڳĽţմ˧ϣ˵ʤͿˣȫѺϣԺǳ¼ҵĸ󣡡
һۣȴһ˫ȫˮǾ£ǻϲմ˧ǳȫȥһҪ£
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ͷӣѹǹõĺſǹϣ
Ѽֶ߳սУǶҹͷ˸棬ҪЩʲôҹ
Űٶֻʣʮˣûмҵ֮ͽﶼżЩɱһɫſǹͭƵӵֶرųޡ
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ѰӪļҵҽ֧ȥû뵽˿µĶ֣һ뵽񱳺亹ֱðֻתܣȴܡ
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һ˵꣬תȥֵܣϣֻҪӮˣҪǣҪ춥к춥ӣҪ׻ӣһٶ

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ԪҲһĻȻϹûа취סˣֶŽе˧ǳɣҲˣ
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ȥԪֻúѣԶǲ˸׵УԪ
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δͶأҲֻôˣ
Ԫһױı£ʧ֮УһʮĻţߵ˵˧ѾˣҲǱЧ˧ʱˣ
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ԵģȵģŮ˷ӣһԪĸŪֵģԪȻһۣԪһգ͵Щϲµľһӡ
ǣΪ˵գӴǴ˧ֶӣƽʱùˣεùˣͰ˧ˣ
ΪԪ֧ĺٶһһģƴһƴôҲҪڻȥ
ǵĶ棬ǳǧĺ񲻿ɵӴȵѴǣƴˣ
ȺåϺţһ֮ǰ档
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һһСͻڣһɴͻж֮ͿһӪפصسǡ
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дһʱ׷Ŀ꣭һμǧжӦ͵ó档
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һжܺյǰ;Σһֳ̫һйϷ˶ŵľҲԽԽࡣ
⼸գ;ּٷ飬Ӽļٵİ˹ӡ
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ʮأ̸ӡɹǲʮ꣬Ұ֮ͽ׷سǶ˶˵ǲͶϡ
Щ̫ƽʧֱܵԭʵҲǺй谭ǽǷ׷ǰͶЧ޹˼ɵľ棬ȴò³Ϻʵ
ˣԿƳҰټѵһɲ㲻ȫȡԱˡ
һ뵽⣬ȻҶ˵֣һعԹ֣ѻӪ񡭡
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ܴܲӳ֧ԱͻȻ˵һ䣺һӱҲУ
ڹֳĴǣɲСο鱨ֳǵؾиЩ֣ҿ˷֣ƽ˹һ
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Ը裡
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һս˹ԣڽÿһǣ
ժԡ࣭Ұɱִ͹1919棩

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ǷӳǽϣʿļȵԣͬһԷҲǸˣԭҲҪܣҶģҪԵҲ˵ʵڻزסˣ
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жŻڣһٺϵͻڵʮ׵СȻڣӦоУڵһּоͶǧڵڱ۲Աŵ绰𣺡Ч䣡Ч䣡
ڱϵǴĵǣйսĿǰܼһڻһľȷ
ڶݵսУڱûϢʱ䣬˵ӵڱӸ֮ǻİѹеĵεζӳԼԺȾѾ˱ߡ
ڱʼûпʵǳ˺ЧսЩԭʼĻڼûбƷҲԱ޷ս
ڱͲܵǰشʱûжιµЧڱֱӷУڲӪĴ⵽Ĵ
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Ҫ֪ȻΪȴҲǼ֮ףЩں֮ڵͳǿϲ֪ΣЩȫָƣ˲վ͵˵оɵس׻
ϸ˵ڻֱӱģǵָӹû׹ǰĲѾһ㳹ױˣ˶һ޾š
սУսδˣԸЩδô취
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˸ҷҺߣԶ
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ԴӴȰ̫峯ϵף֪ЩˣЩڰеʼնԻӵҪϵȨߣ״乬
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˺׵籨̵һʱ˷ӦӴڡʽǹʽ䲽ǹҩԼɫɫľƷ׷״ĸۿٶ͵Ŀ֮ܶΪ֮սľйʡطĸ߼ԱѾɳǵĹԱʵЭ֮£ȫһʣرǹ㶫ʡͺʡĹԱǼҪװװһ֧ʮһ˵ӡ
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Ϊ֮ĶͬúƱ֧Ʊ֧Ҳ֤ǵƱӣʡѾãʧһжǳе
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ͬʱģ˾ӪɼСУھӪϲȡӼߣŴһʱ䣬һЩڶ״ĵҲܿǵӰ
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ĵһƼȱ㲻ˮҲҪһѺϱ߾ϵɴСûˡ
Щڷɢõ˵ʧǺ飬ΨһܼضٷӣһСʱ˵ǹڼѵ
䱸ӣǵһʱͶ򱻼ʡϵǹź󷽵Ĳӣżѵѡ
̤ʡߣ˺һȻʵֻʮӣֻжʮʡٸӪʤûУ
Уش׵Ļ
ĳˮ֮֯սУͨѶֶõ籨绰ڴһϢͬʱ˾պӽĽࡣ
磬Ѿ˵һسǣߵаˣسڵӪܵñӻ죬׷ϡ
ӣü˵׼ڱϣСػǹʱҪã
ڽʡڵսѾ׼Ҫͬʱֲͬεս
ҪͼҪҰսмˣҪùսؼ֮УʹòЭͬսͬԼ𣬵ҪԸɫɫĵװ
һֲεսҪһһεļս
ϣǿɧźѸٱ
ڶ쿪ʼȫ߶ʼӴȡ⵶սԼ⵶Ϊȷ棬ƽͼѰս
ǵս˫˵ǲģûҵֻǶס˶ٶӪ·ȫȽսģСȫߵвһӪ
ں˵սǵòʧҪɧʼûֹͣȻǿȺܵͣȻһ̶谭˺ٶȡ
ɴ˵ȡڴӵսĿ궢µϣȡϤķֽϻΧսļļƣٶڡ
һؿǺȻڡ䲽ǹըҩ񵯶ˣɽֱȥѹƣһͦػǹ˳Խ磬׽
һ컹֮ϲȻûгɽƵļڶദսоԼԵĴղıƵܽǣԺսһ죬βԼӪش
սȻǲǿ⣬Ƕ˵ĿǰѾõϢǾѾͳʺȫͼѰҺս
Ͼսں˵ֻǲǿ⣬Ƕ˵ȴ˽ǵĸоսʱ䣬սϵֱʧͽӽǧˣҪΪڶϱ±ǹܻؼˡ
Ҷ̶ʱ䣬ѾȥسǣЩسǵԴΪãѺ󷽵򽻸齨ĺӪͼѰһξսĻᡣ
ͬʱҲܼɵĴӳɳһ·£Լս°ΪԤӡ
ѾѰһξʤĻᡣ


ڶһʮ 
ںսĲˮ㶫սϵ䱸ս˵ûˡ
ĸã⼸ǺһλóĸõıƲôҲ޷αϵĺ
һһʮսӣγĸ棬ھƵľ棬ĸҪܵʹ
Ϊ֮ܶȡһս͹˺սǿʼսǰ죬Ѿسǡ
Ĺˮһ㣬ڳˮĺ̲ȴһɳӶû
Ҫ֪սĻһǳһͨӪҵˮƽĹаռһӪ
һһʮսӣӪһһʮɱ֮䲻ôಽӪ֮һߵĵλȫ
ҲмΪҵսǺһڱػǹѹƣСʱͳ׽սˡ
ȥǺľԻսˣ֮û뵽ô죬жʮӪͷոսأڱͿˡ
սչѾµĹ£ȫʡСľʤ֮Ѿ֮ʦ˴عݣС뼯ǰټͨʡ½·ӪԼص£ܱﵽһǧˡ
Ϊ֧ӵͳʣԪȴǿЦλ桭ʰ
֮æģʵû뵽ôһ鷳ڣҶһʮֻܾˣ
λԪȿɲѰҲ޽˵֮ϣȻˡ
ϱתսͣξж£ֻһоӪֵϡ
ҲһȤţӪгһֻ֣ǱǣˡʱԪҲڿ죬һѿڶͬʿ
һų費һǿǱɫӴ˶Ԫްɫͬ꣬Ԫȱ⣬ӣһҪյľˡ
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ӣ׽ȴϸˣһְֱչǼ½Űչ㿪̫ƽı棬ԪȻǱˣְ硣
Դ֮Ԫȿ˵ǳ˻ºζãȸְû뵽æȻڵ档
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һսۣһǧǧȥݳˣҹһҹϮ۱٣ôȥԪܾҪ⡣
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ĵ飬ǺܿˣĲŶûվסҪܵľ棬ûκΰܵõĺ
ս
صȫж࣬ǺͺһȣǾǲ׺һڣԭأǱضǸء
ˣԪȻºľ͵ࣺȻѰæǾͰﵽװɡ

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ľóڼУǱƾʿȴסˣ׽ȷе̵֪Ԯʲôʱִۣ
ڹ㶫ʡڵȹݵԱΪϤսȻڽţǸݾ¹۲Աȡʤֻʱϵ⡣
ľʤôǱԼݡ
Ӣ˵γĸĲʦȻʽȫװŷʽ̶ֲִܴǵȱݡ
ǵĶ֣󲿷ֻװһЩ¾ɵйǹкõװҲǡ
ڹݵܶ齨µĲӣȽһЩȴװݵİЩսǿʱҲֻܵΰ
еһж߱ƾʿһ⣬ǾӢ˳ûᡣ
˷ЭһжκѣڷԽϵĿǰʧܣǱԶǺսȻֻҪԽϻø档
ڶȻʽϲŲĶֳ֣صıȻԱˣҪսʤǣȴһ׵¡
ȻӢ½ͺ½սȽһбǸ鱨ʾ˵ֻȴӢ۹嵽ʮ꣬޷̡
޷̵ͨ˽ķǷóףڸȷսͬʱҪӴ
Ȼͨһֱ뵯ҩжǻѪģڸԱȻǿǵʧܵĿԡ
໥ì̬ܵȣʹƳ˽һɽܵķΧ⣬û̫İ취ڸ۶ʹ˹ͬ⣬ÿ˽ıóһ
׽ȴ۶˲ͬĹ۵㣺ǱֳأǲμѾսǶ㹻ı
ѹʵϣΪȫûбҪͶձӣֻǻ˷ʳ
£ձӲμθ棬ԶãҲŲͬĿȻҪ֧ԮҲͬΪձӲֵһᣬͬһˮƽϡ
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ƾʿ鱨ԼȵĻɣΪ֮еıѺȥȡһβôɹʤ
Ķ⣬ȴǲܻκμϵʤϾεľս
οѾȡõ鱨Ѿռƣǲʧܡ
ǵġǵľ¹۲ԱΪĿǰ鱨һʤ
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˺¹۲ԱĶ壬ʵϣԪľߣȷʵ൱鷳
ʲôǴ鷳ĻǾͻȻܼǧĳɽͶ
ԪͶ֮ǰѾżǧʤͻȻ뿪أŹݿ񱼡
ԭصڽĵֿ֮󣬷־ĹĹ±׵ƿչͶ


ڶһʮһ ϣ
Ԫȵγˣ˵ǽʹõսӵ˼ޣڵļأڵķĳˣ˵ǿȦɵ㡣
ֻսֱܺߣǵص¡ԪȰЩ¡õ˼ޣĴսǰʤЩսĶڶΪսӣȻЩηڻ𡱵ȥһȥͺƴս
һʼ¾ʹڷǳľأɵĹ±ڱһֱƿ
رǴγǧİ˵ķͻԪȫıǮѺˣĺ˵˵Ըƴ֮ͽ
ȻԪȰӪڶӶʼֱչսȻһٷεʿƴӲǷأúǰӪҲ˸СĿ
ڿǵомͻıǮģػزӵĹģû뵽ԪȰغװӸ£ȻʤЩսĶһ·񱼣ֱݱȥ
˺üǮĽϲΪץסǧѷĴûᣬǷĻھǷһˣͺսǸ¡
ԼںȫӳĽɫĵֿ֮˺ĺΧ֮ڣںΧȦڵĴСӣͳǧˣһЩոձץ׳˺սƷ
ǧ˿࣬ǿǵִսĺҲǧ˵ĻǾһֲ֣Ҫǣշ²ֲȡ
һһ˵Ĳӣ߰ʮ²ʮڣ˻԰ټƵļˣ֪ôǧ˵ĻʳֻܽеŪŪͰ˵
²ĵһٷһܱ࣬Ѿǲִ֮õİ취ǧ²Դ峯Աȵԭ졣
ٶǵһʱô²ټϽӹ͸ֿڣôһָоǾֱӼѵˣҲѲôʱ䡭
źͣԭصĻᣬԪذ൱һսľ񳷻˹Ȼһ·ܵ˺ػزӵĶιݵĲǧ֮ࡣ
ֻ֮˺ԪȰԪȣǴһǧ˾ڵãֻǧˣ
Ԫȵֱ׳ǸأҲ϶ȫûˣ
̵ԼսΣҵס˺ǿ죬֮Уǧˣҩ㡭
Աλյˮʦͳ˧վֱ˵֮һԪǰҵæ֮Ǿˡ
֮һΪĸоǰλǺų֮һͳˮʦתս󽭣ˮʦջʢһʱ̫ƽˮʦ
ǰ㶫񣬻仰˵ڹ㶫¸ǶͷΣӵк֮һȨһһλ㶫ѲӵͬȨ
ǰܶ붷ֱҲûѹλϲ÷룬Ͼıš
ǼǰεĽѵ֮Բ´ͷβȨֻС￪ëȻ˧˵ˣ¾ôˣסݣǵһҪ񡣡
йҪҳҪĳУȻǱϺ͹ݣһֱִȻйҪ
֮ǰ޽⣬ԪȴŲͬ뷨кѡѾú죬ֻҪֱȡݣǾӪ·صĻôһʱ䡭
Ӫ·أԺ˵Ǵʵֱݣ̫ðգԪȿףǲʱļþе飬ʱú޴죡
ʵϺҲûֱݵļƻ·ȻݸȴҲǴˮҪðչռݣ뱻
Ͼ̫ƽⷽзӣϾǳϽɽһפŽϡӪ̫ƽѾȫһδεĽҲϽƵ򽭣ϾȻصв
˴һʼѾȹ̵ĸݵأÿһضҪطȨҪӵпɿĵطװҪ֯˰ķֶӣΪÿһõĶһ֧ģСĵطɲֶӡ
ڹռ֮һ͹˹㶫ʮأһƽһ澭Ӫ
Ԫ벻ǣһϢǵоٶΪ֮ӿ졣
ԭ֪ʺȫ


ڶһʮһ У
ʱعصһ˺ѹأԱͷϻװİСٶӪܡʱ˫ӡʱ˥ڻĴ塣˺޲ޣа˸ɡͷҶԶ޹ۣĶˡԸѾһضľض
ֻһ˵֪Ȼ˺һ䣺峯Ҫˡ
ʵʲǸɱģֻѹεطϲɱԱ³ֻСȻǾֶοš
عһأӪ죬Ѳ˾Ĳ֣ѣƽʱһ仰ܾۼ𼸰ǹ֯ǧ˹ģе
ڲç֮УҲӢѿڶ仰ֵжϡ
ν֪ʮѩʵķȱ֮һԴƽ֮ңֻ֪еȴû֪ľ¡
峯ͨƾѡεԱȻܣҳȴûκģ̫ƽڼ䣬ҲֻĹԱӰͨȴûһʽԱļ¼Ҫ
³һֻҪˣ峯֪ˣҲֻܵʲˣ
ع֮ǣǹȻ£·һҲǸɴ䣬ֱԼȨֲĹͷ£λ˴£Ϊ˹⸴Ҵ󺺽ɽ⹷ٵȨ졭
ֲصʵۣͱܿˣΪ˳һչȫؽԳƷǾۼǧ֮ڣˡԪ˧¡š
ԭĵ˾Ǹصӣú׼Դ֮ս֮ܵذѸصӪȥڽʮأֻԱʵ
ֻû뵽ǣһڽصǿǣ׷׻˺죬׷ԼͶЧ˺ǵ뷨һ֪ǻֿܵɣ
΢ֿǼֱǼʯͷҪǣֻҪһ뾳ɱˣԼӵеĹλҲữΪУЩǿǷ׷ȷѡ
һʱ䣬㶫ʮһ߸صĲֵҲͶصҲ֮ʲǲĻпܳ˼Ķ
ʮ߰˸صĵȻȫһƬ໥֮Ҳ໥֧֣ʵһСˣһ㣬ҲĬϡ
˵ĵ˾ѣοЩѾϷֻڽһȨϣ˫вͬ۵㡣
ĸõĺ㶫֮ѾԽԽÿöһǧ±ЩʵǿСоԵƣ˫Ҳм򵥵̸Уô̵ʹΪܡ
һеʼٸߣĺ֪ڸںѾѾ
ʵϣΪйʷһ壭˵ǷˣȫԸͬȡ̬ȣھʤ֮ǰվڴһ
ھϣڽսĹͷֽЩɾⱾһ飬ǧֻΪơ
˭ѲԼ϶ͷϴ¾ս˽ȴ˵úòһ
Ȼ˱⣬ⶼ˳ȥһαս⣬ξŸСˡ
֪ʮѩȻǿ֮µȷʵ˲٣Ҫ֪Ǯ׬
Ѳ˹ٳ壬ӲҪأ֪ȻԴУ˵ˡ
ֻ˵ǷǳʧܣֱӿƵľǧˣȻ֮󣬵аϵĹٱԣӪȻ⣬ʼڴġ
˫ںչսٽѣһͱ˸ǣѲôһݵϢϲϼϲӼǰһҪıӡִټ˳ǣڶɢʧȻЩ·룬ֻʣ˲ˣǹе룬Ӷ֪ܵȥˣ˵Ǳ֮
찡ץԼͷµؿˣ
һŽӹĻͷ˵ˣû꣡ڣǾû꣡
ῴǹ
ģŸҲã
ʱ򲢲Ժʲôƽ·


ڶһʮһ £
ķ˶ķ糱˶Ӣ
ĵ죬Ǳسǵĵڶ죬϶ķ糱
һϾھȻ䣬¶ǻᵳģĸǾۼǧˣ̫Ӹڳɳ⼸ʮĵط£óɳǶΪ֮
ģСֻаˣڼ֮ڣϾǱĻᵳ´˷С£ɽ֣Ϯٱسǡ
£ᵳעܳµģ֯ϵעʧܵĽ֣ͬ˻˶ᵳȴŰսսŰܡ
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ô죿ǰЩǰ⣬Ѿָһ·ˡ
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ʵѾ֧ˣҲȻûиʲô࣬һһڹȥս֧ԼͶ״
Լ˶ԸԼģ֧սôһװǹڵĺѹʿǣĲ˵ͷҳ˸ʮʳʹʳһɰصĴ䡣
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ʵʲôҲû˵󝯿Цѣ£˻£
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ھжԺη壬Գһ쿪ʼܣԽǰԽ࣬ΪֹѾ˰˰ˡ
ҪԼĿоȻҲܵ˻ᵳڵĹϮɢоλѾߴ֮࣬ȻֻʮˣȴĻɢ
ܾôǰߣûϣѾɢˡ
κһͳǿһο󝯲У˵ȫе
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֮Ըʮսӵʵϣر󣭣λѲڼı֣ӡ
ʵ֤ʵѲǿģľֱּǷʮı
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󝯿ǵøѣϴңѲΪУ౨Ƴɾ⣬лᵳѾǧĴϮұڸرԱҾս
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֪ıǮʧϸ磬ⶨˣͱ˵ˣ
볱ˮһĿͬСؼӿٶس
ҲǺϷߴĿʼ


ڶһʮ ϣ
ʵϣϷߵܱñκҪ磬¶Ĳս˵ʱ°Ѿճζ
°Ǻ°ܽӱԽɽϹص֣һ·֤˺ĳɹǼһδεʧ֮ΪͳıҲԽԽ࣬˵ĳЩҲǳɹʿ
¶˾ģ°Ҳͬڳ˵ľġ
ԴռЧ齨оٶȾһ׵İ취ÿоʮʮȻ͵ӪկԷоνӲկ̡ͼҰսг׼оҰսģһЩΪʮҰͲѵĲӣѧɮ¹
ִͳһֱڵ֮У֧Ӹǰľ鵱ѵÿչ̶ʮһ·һӪԱ
°ȴǾִ㣬һӪټţѲҪʾسɳߣȡߵһҪ飡
°ԭȫĺڰѺתǰӣѶȲ󣬺ο°˻¶˾ģǵĴڡڳɳֻһЩصأҪˣȫС
ڸ֧ûзӦ֮ǰ°Ѿǧνս֮һ·񱼣аٶȳųɳǰһ·ʳ
ڵڶ½õ˳سɳϢһͷɥºô׷
ֻһ·ߣȴ˴鷳°ĲѾ߹һ飬ΪЩȻҪˣһʡ
ץ׳ץ׳ݵݣ˸Էس·Դѹһ
֧˵ĴھʳϾѣҪǾӵ࣬ʱǱٷĴ㣬һͷҵľľɢ˸ɴһ⣬ǹؼˡ
һ·֧Ӹ⵽˼ʮǹСģϮһЩСλʧĴ󣬵ǵڶȴ˸ͷ
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ЩǹţӪʮˣӪٵȥ磺ˣˣǹپǹپ
شǵһܼǹǴľЩ˹پ
Դ϶Ԫ£Ǵ峯һߣӪ滴пи಻һ죬ֻЩװʹ峯һ£ǶѹũװԷ
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ԭоֻʮ˵ÿ⵽ʮϰĹֱһΣеӪͷһͷϮȻһֻ
ӵԽԽ٣繮ԭǴСӪҪɢʮӲУڵãԽԽ࣬ԽԽ٣֧װĲ¶˱Ŀвŵһ
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ԽܵϮԽúƶӣǱɣжõ̶ֳȣӴ򹷡
ԽУԽЩڴ峯£ֻԶȲ˽ʣЩҲѱ״󲿷µھ֮һַй
Ȼľģٶĵ˶סľģ֮ڰѲ˳ɳǡ
ֻ֧ʱƺƵĲӣڻûͺһǹͽˡ


ڶһʮ У
ûһǹѾȫɢ⻹ǿĻ˵䲻ĻǾǱɽ
ӳʦڣڳߵ°񣬼Ƕеװأڱϵʧ
ʦʱһսǧˣǳسɳʱսϳͳֻðǧˣǧ˻ڳߵ°һǧ֮Уֻнǧ˳ء
ʧʣκʱ޷ܵģӪͷʧˣƵǣֱʧܻûиôʧܵģʧܵġ
վںһľʷѧҺܺõܽʧܵԭ򣺡ָǣȻͳľ¾߱ΪǹľðգʮӹԼӪоʡʵ֤ͳųǻ۵Ŀ⣬󝯲ȷС
ǿ֮У󝯲оûвҾ岿֮ǰѾðȻɳͼҾսڷƱ仯֮䣬ֻʳسɳܿǰʧ
ǿԼ󝯲ʧǿнҾսôҾҪʮʮӵ˵ʧᳬǿгɵʧ
Ҫǣıĳɾĵı仯ȻҾպ˷˶ϵѣһ仯ٳҾųɳļ١
Ǳ˵սսµսྭֵǽ
󝯲ֻʳسɳʱȴӭϢĵǾǾ֧Ѿˡ
֧ӹʮ߸ӵıԽԽıɣģһǿţսӶ˶ԷսսĿ飬սǿ
ڹ滮֮У׼֧ӷڹΪԤӺͽ˷սλԼֻʮӹƱ仯֧ǰͶ˺ս
֧ˣǱаˣȻ;ìܣҲ֪ʮ߸ӹģļǿ֧Ͷ뵽սԸıսˡ
οС汱ľұ仯ЩսıĿ覽ӣֻһоǾƱ仯̫ˡ
Ǿ֧ӣжٸ
ʮӣո齨Ԥš
ΪԻ͵ʤںıҲΪӣں½ţǰ߸ıСӪСӪıΪӪӪıΪСţӺܿ졣
ԴȻȽϸӣԸĺӵܣз²־ԸӾľһܱԸѶɢĵطǿԾǺΪɣʮӵĿƿ˵ǵӦģɲǺϸɲ
ãʮӣһ˵ҲҪ࣬ʮ߸ӰɣҸʱ䣬ѱӵʮ˸ӣţǸɲн
Ƽ˵СԸ齨־ԸӾҲˣ
ν־ԸӾãʵǴӻĻʿгģһӪȻһӪʵֻһǿ⻹ǳһĻʿ齨
Щ˶Դ˱ʾԣΪⳡĲ̫ˣǽŮɲȴΪõĻᣬһɹ̱Ȼйڶڻ̵ơ
־ԸӪǼͬʱͻϹصģԺڹսУ־ԸӪҪر񣬲ں֮ͬ£һ±ͬʱһϽѣΪš
νĻᣬν־ԸӾšٴΪáֻǹģСÿֻӪһһڱܱˡ
ֻǱС֧羸طرȴһףڹļս൱Ưμɢװ
ţ˵ıƣǵǵĺرѱų
Ǿ֧ӻǻ̵ĵǿʵȻĿⲻڳɳǸԶ人
µĺ׳ΪʮӾܽ人Ŀܣڣȴǰ
ȥرñ֮⣬ʮӿֱ峤ɳƲ˼ʮӣ³ɳԲ⣡
ǲܰĿڳɳѾΪˣ
ڵͼָ人ʿǣǳ㣡
人һ뵽⣬ҲѪڣͳ죬˼ǹ˳ɳ󣬲򱱽
ûҶʿ˵ֻһ㣬Ǿǡǹǰ


ڶһʮ £
¶򱱹ʱսͳּΪ׳۵һĻ
ȻȲϵ̫ƽвʮ֮ϯȫ棬ܴڳɳǵʮսӴ󳱰ӿа˽ʮӣκεֿǺ塣
֧µľװ֪һбرʮͦػǹһһܴɵĶУԮ൵гƣڳ꣬һڿɵ𣬿ǹˣ˰ٶ֮һȫ֮ڷǸܱȣ˵ʤڣ
ںγ˶ػԶڡʽɽڵػǹȻں䲽ǹκζֶ޷ġ
ֻڱ䣬ǵĶ־ѾȫǵĶ̫ƽʱװûбϵ
̫ƽϣڳʧʱµһʽڣȻںܳһʱѹ䣬κһֻڶµľڡ
ͬǹɽڣǿĵоǼǺ
ٵ⣬ʵͬ󝯱һĴ⣬Ǿʵڸ㲻˭
Ӫǰ죿ǻᵳ
ЩƺǵˣƺֶǵˣȻеоֿͣԸǹĲӡ
ԭǺԤеǿĶ֣ȴֻʮһԺĵȽʮֻӭһԹֻмһ֡
ᵳɫɫǺͷʹĶ֣ǵͬûһ̶ţ൱һֻᵳʵԿȴǱͬ
´ڶԿҾȨߣһΪоԹ
Щװܾͼʶ˺ǿ󣬺ϸӪֻһֱᵳǧ˶ţᵳֻʮˣһѡ
û뵽иɲһʲôӣ
ϸӪ
ǵʷǣоǧ֮ǹȫϸӪö
ʿһţһţ
жٱ
һŰ룬ţػǹһͦ
ǻʲô
⾪춯صĶԱ֮󣬾ʼ˹ڻǹ֮£ᵳһӱʮˣȻڿ𣬲ʼǧᵳֲСʱȫǧֻˡ
ĻԻսѹκθڷȨװʵκװֻҪ¶һԺţú֣һȺװ䳹
һ·ԽԽȻ˰˸رͬʱ͵ؽ࣬ĵλȴﵽʮӡ
ڱд⻹ԭ֪ҵʱֻʣ˲һ˵װòŵĶȥ
ֻˣĲǣϿƵѾһǿӪĹģѾ׼ɲٵ䶼䱸ұ˸һƺţ˶£
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ںǰƽҲ£һˣְЩıɺĵطװԺΪԼѲʱ
һ·СսΣˡ²оһǧˣеоǧˣǧѾܺı࣬Ĵ۲
ĺɱɳµʱ°Ҳסˡ
ǿҵҪسɳǣҪһսǼȻô׳յľ°ȴһͬ
󝯱෽ִӺ֧Ԯڵıִﵽˣսܲ°Լɽϻӳƴ
Լӵսô°úܣ˾ģ󝯵ĺԳλֱӳߡ
Ѿ룬°سɳǮû뵽λôľģ˵߾ߣһӶ
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Ҳһ·¥ἵʱ򣬳ɳڲ֪°ˣ
ⳤɳǡôذϢʱľˣ°̫ˣ̫ˣ
ȥ°ǧˣǳɳؾȥĹǣǿ;ڶòһսĲӣԮǾõӪ
ںʱ򣬳ھȻûһڳսźڸϵһǿӪֱӵڿƣͼн乥ǡ
ͦػǹѳǽؾһƬһŷɽڰѳͷؾˣͷżݣըҩ˳ͷ˳Լɳ⣬ںĽ֯Щ⣬ûмʱԮȥ
ƴԼǸĹȫȥ˾޶ͽļ֮ͽ˫ڳͷչɱ
δȣֲС˫һɱ׶ϢӪˡӪҲˡӪˡ
ɱ󣬺ֻѹ˳ͷһǣҲˡ
Ƕں˵ζ棬ݵ֣ǣӵƣҲûнԹͶ
ŵͻڳͷʮǿ񵯡ǹС̵ըҩˣȴûǰ⡣
ڸϵɳµӪһųٿϯ飺˲ˣ
ûһεĵˣȹ֣ݶУ
Ϊǵ˲Уһε˵ָӹٲУͻܶڳͷѹ
һǿǾԿͻڣ
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Ϊڵǣô칥³ɳǣôֹܣ
ƾŵıΧɳǼֱǳ˵ΣɳڵʱܣǰЩǰ⡣
ΪǱ֪ͨͳ죬ҪһӪıػص˺ȥԣһӪӪܶµס
֧ͻ벿ӵĻ֧Ԯ֮⣬ͣݾߣ
ں˵еûԤ뵽ɳǵؾָӹ֮Ͼ£ԼΪ³ɳҲҪٵһǧ˵С
ʱǰߴ˻Ϣ˷ɳˣȫߣһж


ڶһʮ ߣϣ
ˣ
⵱ǸЩһֲһʱ֪Ǻãȥô죿
ô죿
Щɲ˵ǰȥǽȥô죿
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ƺӳ֤˵ɳͷѾܿһɺ̣ȻźûнǵĶݹ١
˵ɳôһʮ˵ĴУ˵ǴţŶȥδعʵʩ񣬶һֻһ·ߡ
һ෴ҽֱӳԽ׷ɳǣϵоǰȥסǣ
ȻֻдŵǴϻǹôҲܶסǧˣ
ǾͿųɳǴһƬˣ
ôԥ˾ȫˣ
е˭µĸԴɵģǳλܵѲ
û뵽һʡʡǣפһˣû֯ʲôĵֿˡ
ⳤɳǵرȻһЩرȽǿسǣЩôҲúϼء
ǳɳֻԹһأؾͿʼȫˣڳµĺֻдŵıڿôҵڻ俪ͷȴؾȫˡ
ô죿
ľ޷ǾͷʹʱһͨѶŵ绰е绰ͨˣ
ųһӣãҲ
ĵ绰粼úִܲ٣ת֮󣬻ʮ֮˾ѾȷеϢ
ڳɳδЧĵֿǣڵһǧ˳ʡ񱼣ɳʮֻҡ
һΪɳ˾٣˾һӪɳʵʩ¹ڳɳ֮ӣɳһӪʲһǿͬѹ֮ŵɳǾǲӡ
ɳǲָӹȨָκν볤ɳڵĲӣɳ˾ٸϵƽȨޡ
սһԲɣڸҪϸӪʷ֮񣬲ڶ׶սͽҪڷ̵֮ͳڣ½ƻңȫ򳤽
һ䣺
ڽս֮ڶɷ任Ϊս˶γִģ׷˴󵨵ƻǵһμ˵᲻̫ðյ㣿
һʤˣǾͿ°й
ָڳһһʤڹؽϣ
ͬǲõģҰѺ󷽸ˣ
ϵıᳬʮҸʮıƣҩãҪ
ҽһ·ںϣʮ½λΪӣҪȫʡޣһʧأҾ֮ǰ֮һʤһ
ʴˣȫȡ֮⣬ûκѡ񣬲ҪҵΣ׼սʾڶӪˣ
һ⻰Ҳûʲô˵ģںôཫ֮Уǿһ棬Ȼ̨ȴǿúܡ
˵ڳɳսȫں֮⣬ôʹôðն׷жͬǳ֮⡣
ܿ죬Ƿֺͬʱһ·ڣȻײ˺Ĵ̵ȥ
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˼ǰڳ˾һս̬¥˾ˣֻǳǶ¥˾Ҫϡ
һʹ汼ˣϸһʣȻǳɳѾʧˣԱʮ콫żǧѾ׷ˡ
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ӿһľ󣬲ɿЦ˵ⳡֻҪɱһˣܰȫ¥˾ˣ
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һһȻڰ࣬ɽһţػǹһͦԱһܹʮʿôıӲֱɱС
ڴͳΪһеͳ̶ҲҪһǿţļǿŴźһִͳá
Ǳѡػزӣǵʹֱ˺󷽣˾ΪһǿͻܹĿľǳ׶ס֮·
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ֱӰױͶսٶ֮ºſںž׼ɱˣʱػǹǴ̵䣬ɽֱӿȻҲòֹι
һôʲôģûмţѾʮˣʿҲУǲ
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Ҳûƣʹϱߣйǽͣ
֮£ò˳ˮĹơ


ڶһʮ ߣ£
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ѾռҰȫֻܿӿĴ󳱣Ǵź£첽ɱţͳѹ˹
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˳ǰȥƺƵľɫ̾ΪֹԽԽˣҲЦˣʱĳڵ޷ֹǡ
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ˣΪֹ߰˰ˣӲûһ£еļǰ壬еĸɴʱϰͺ
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ڰױսϣԶţԽˡ˻ǷȫǵĶ֣οһȺ
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ǻأڱصʿζַ»ڣǹʹ̵μӽս˵о֮ٴοںӿĵо
˵جһͦʼںХػǹաĻǹѹսϵһлһͦػǹɡ
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֮ǰʬ壬ضѻһ𣬸޴½š
ߣҲǺע⡣


ڶһʮ ֣ϣ
ӳɳԱ¥˾ϣѾ׺ΧˣսȮѾҽƣֻͷĲӬܡ
Ȼ˶иͷԵӪٴһʼ֪ǰ;ǰѶϼȴɹ˺
һЩӽűȽϿ죬ѡ·Ƚϳɹɹش˺ϣºǧһٶлȽĲӪ
ǳȥЩ˶Χ֮Уʹǿػǹʹãͦͦػǹһ䣬ܻһӪķ
սԽԽңҲԽԽңڳָӹٶһ³ϣ󲿷ĵֿ֮ңǰġ
˾֧ȷʵ൱ǿսսһֱڶŻһ䣬ǺսɨжһֱʮСʱս
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˳ɳȫߺսҪĿѾ人ѵԶ
ڳŸոոսľףʿô
ɣҲ˷ܣû⣡û⣡Ǿ人һˣ
ǿ֧ӣ˵Ǻ糾͵һλˣֱӴԽԽ߾ͽоǧŸϵսһս͸˺Ի͵һۡ
ãһЦǿ˭ǽ人
ľٶΪѾ൱գΨһǺĵ̶ֿȣĿǰǱĻȴȡֻʱ⡣
ʡȻһδģĶԱСսӪѾʮӪͷһǧˣʵϾٳԵĿնܶ࣬鱨ƣ಻һǧ
Ӫߵͬ졢Ӫֵһⶼֻ֣峯Աȴ޷
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Ȼ˵սһ׶Ĵ󣬵ҩ󣬼Ҫ²ֱϾںϵĵλʮʮӣ˭ȴȫʤľġ
˶ںںϺͺʡĹȴûʮɵģΪεԶ˾¬ֺнϴѩһ̣ӢѾˣܶˣ𣿡
ǵģҷԣΪĿǰ£ǻֳصľӪȽϺá
뷨˵ĴͳʷϷۺӢ˵ֳ棬շץҩǺֳؾӪʲôɾͣǰѸľôȡֳⷽϡ
ڹȥУֳսǻԵʧܣԽϵĳսٵ˷Ƶķս⼮ͬŻԵش
Խϵʧֱӵһսʧܣ˹ӵս޽չĵǴȾͶӵǧʿ򲡶
սʧɿֻŵĴٱңγڹڽϵĵ糱ΪֹѾڸ󱻸̨ˣǷڣôһЩϴѩԽϵĳ衣
ڻ¬ɫ֮ǳܵʧܣ¬нͼ˵ܶӢ˻ʤǽʧڽֺ֧ǺйĴ󲿷棡
Ϊؽһǣڿȷϣǿ󡣲ֵıйڣǧѷĻᣡ
ԽϣǿȻӵʿսһЩŶǵĶг±
Ŀǰõڽֺ֧ǣѾ֮һıԽǱıֻһ룬ԽûκϵġսŶӡ
ʱΪһս̸С


ڶһʮ ֣У
¬ֵĽ飬ŷֳֺ֧ĳЩҲŽһιٵĸ֮ս
ܶʼûдãҲͬսҪǺƽ
˴Ҫĺƽ֮ܶԱʾãȫǳʷʵĿǡ
ⳡս֮ǰͬһᶨԶߣȴһᶨķսߣԭⳡսѾ̫Ĵˡ
ս֮ǰֳκη棬ΪһҰεԶֻҪʹǧٵʿͿԽϣʵȴ˲пᡣ
ڶԺս۷ڣһս϶ܼǧʿǧɵıڵռжȴΪ൱Σգпܱ
ǰǰ󣬰͵ļʿڣԽͶıͳʮˣڷɵľѣȴòõ̸ͼͶЭ
ĵǷֳʷϴûĵˣܶԸǻ۵ĵ˽սһλֵþصĶֻ֣Ҫλһ죬ҾͲ뷢սж
ֻҪλֵþصĵˣǵʿֿȭһУѵҲǸʹĴۣ
¬ּ޷˵ֳֻܶԽԼľðա

ڹȥʮҳɹʵһȫʵĸĸ˽ȨΪ޵ѣһֵƽõѡ
ڸĸıȴ޾Ѫᣬ˵ĲƷ֮⣬˶ʾ⣬֮ԳĬȫĻȫͬ
鲼ȫصǧľװʽ鲼ȫĵ籨·ñ˾Եơ
ʿǸĸĹǸɣڸĸȴΪһĻʧȥеȨʹ󲿷ֵ룬ǰ¡ʢĴ£ǳŽķˣȴʧܸա
ũķ಻ԭܼ򵥣Ǿǵ˰
Ҫ룬ڷչعҵʽԴǾǲѹեũ񣬴ӵмȡԽԽߵ룬ũı˷ٵĶֲĻʿүᣬװ˻ڡ䲽ǹǹǰκεĵֿ׷顣
Ⱥ֮ʿǣάµԪǣάµĽƺǶԸĸ÷̣ĸߵǵĶȥˡ
Ļɽ֮ϣձ̩֮ɽһձʷκη⽨Ȩеǿ֮⣬Ը
Ʒ֧Ԯƽ󷽵ŵҵչṩĻάȥ֮ǰձͰѹԶ½ȥ
ڳʺ̨ľðն˷˶Ļرر̨ľðգǿΪʹϵһͽ̲ģȻھº޳ɹִĲԱڲƲıԵȴˣձ˻һӦеĻر
̲ʹʿձȡýһŵĶڳʵĺжȴܵ˴ۣܴ죬й½ľƸǾŲ
ΪάԪϣٲһܴģΪЩͣĿӣΪĿǰЭͬӢ㶫ǲǡľٶ
Ϊ߲֮һĲıɽҲͬĹ۵㣺Ϊ֧ǣǱӢѵж
Ϊɽɴöࣺǵöһ̨ȥ㶫Ȼ֧ǻóʺޣǳȾǿͬʱĸ̨ڳʵ½֧Ǳ
һɴĻ˷ԣɣҪȥ
ڲȡ̣
ٲεڸ൱ʵĺѧףʵʫΪǱǡȨϥʷ仰ʵʵߡ
̬ЩߣԶˣǵ˵ʱڸ˶׽ˣλټλǷ˹⡭
Ӣͬǵ۹⽻Ļʯ۹Ӣ۹һġٲѾ˵ӣӢ۹ĳ㶫ƽйڵĺǿңҲǷϵ۹ģ
ɽҲ廰ˣһ⣬ı½ͬ⾡ӢѾھϸ̶ȵ֧֣
ĸս½֧֣ҳ½⣭ҲԵõıϡ
˵ѣͲ˵ɽһ֣ͷȻ
ھعͷ½һѵʮ֮һȥתһתͱҲ²ϵĴ©ӣѶ࣬ӲǶѵһأΣֻѹ⣬Ȼô̵ˡ
ٲĵȻ˵һ䣺ɽɣ˵ˣ˹ҲҪμθ棡


ڶһʮ ֣£
ˣɽ󷢳䣺ĶˣǱսӢβƵͬˣλᣬһγ½ʮԺˣ
ڶ˹ǿձʼմһּȾ־
Ƿǳŷǿ֮Բ֧ձṩ⽻ϵıԭڶƶ˹Զš
˹ɳһƶ˹룬ձͬߣ˫ףӢ¹Щǿһ൱ʱڣձֱӵͻǶ˹ȫͬ
ʡޡԶ½˫ֱӳͻĵطʵֻҪһ⣬һûԣնһսձ߲Ѿʶ
ǶôһС˵ս˹Ƶ۹˵Ψһҵǣ˹Զı൱ޡ
Զĳһͷˮƽ֮⻹һЩźڲı߷Ǳһ̨ˮ׼
ʷ϶˹ʼԶıģǼս֮ȻԶ˹̫Զˣ˹˶Դ˵ս޽Ǵ·
·Ľö˹Զһ֧ʮ˼ĳƾ·ǿ˹ԴԴϵԶ齨µĵλձڶӵб֮ǰնս
ȥǶ˹˵ĶΣӵ·£ಿӶ뾭ҵĻִܵսʱŷޱԶɳԮһеĶΡ
˹۹ܶƾ֧һҵľӣһδεش峯ȥһ鸻ֵĹձȴΪδսУʤߡ
˫װϻͬһˮƽ˵ձʲôȱݣǾ֧̫ϣѪˣΰейϣֺһʧܡ
ɽʹеձˣִ˵ǱʮӢ飬Ҳõ۹ʵֶǹ٣
ɽأŸһ־ڹǷҪزӣ
£ٲĵ־Զ֮ϣǹٵһۣ¾㹻ˣ
νָľձǲļǧǲ۵߸̨սѾ˵ú
֮ǰһƬԭʱڶв֮£µһƲũתƵȥƶȣһ˵վԤӡ
ڼսδڣЩΪǸɣֻǧʿĵʦţ׼ΪƽԭվսԮûʦųĵʦſʱ͵Ϣ
նսУʦͬΪվԤӴţ˳ڵսֲʱʦŲ̤;ⵯսһһسߵء
ٲѾ¶˾ģԭи̨׼½սǱάͶȥӢվһǲʧܵģ
ΪıĴɽվھ·濼⣺⣿ȫھǿеģǱ붯Ա󱸲ӡ
ͺһձҲǿ˶Աƣսļҳ̶ȣǻζԱ󱸲ӡ󱸲ӡ󱸲ţնսУվԱ˺󱸲ʦţ˿սһԱƶȸĳ˶Աʦš
ֻһʱڵձƶԱ󱸲ӼǼޣΪ˶Կ˹˵в󱸲ӡ
֮ıʮ嵽ʮ󱸲ӡ̨ҪսʱƳʵԱ
Ӣ˶û뵽ձ˾Ȼôһսôľģϣֻձܴǵ߸̨μƽս
û뵽ģٲΪձֱ߲Ӷ˹עһľģɽĽɴࣺʹʮ󱸲Ӻ;㹻ˣදԱĺ󱸲ӱ׼ս
ٲĵԱȽϻͣʱöսҪҽʱݶ
Ⱥձʷˣǳɵв
õ鱨ȻǺͳһҵôձԶڴ½Ҳ̤һ
ڹȥսйԻ͵ʷԽϵս֮Уǳɹ÷˳ΪǿЦҾڵսԣԶԿձһ̨
Ǹһðս뱱Խձõһֲϣڽ֮ڣѾ˶δϣսδѾձоһľġ


ڶһʮ ϣ
ξı仯ûƵ鱨ȡе鱨΢ĺ鱨ȴӲͬһЩϢ
۵ӢפѾ˷ҪĹģһЩ׽йʿṩӢ˿ܳ㶫ϢǻµϢǾθܲӢӢĳ˹
˹ָձΪŷǿеĳһǰٵ۹Ǳʱǵ¹ǺĹ۵ΪӢ˹ıܽ٣಻һá
ʹ㶫ĸõĺ߶ӣرڻӢܶͨڹдӢ۹棬ҪӢ۹棬֤ݳǼ丽Ϊṩɱ
ۻþҲѾ׹رգ˹нӵӢ˵ľ棺ҪôֹͣҪôϽ̼ܣ
еһжӢӽпڹ㶫һ൱ģľ¸棬ģȻ̽ǿ϶Ӣãڹĺ󷽲ıΪ൱۵ĹƣĿǰ񻯣㶫Ӣ˾пܴﵽһӢʦˮƽ
鱨ʾձ˻йսѺеıǮһЩƵ۹Ҳˮ㡣
һ¼Ҳʹڹ㶫սֹͣģĽעڹѾռİ㶫ʡ
Ͷ㶫ĸĲãھһµսͲ֮ĸöѾװԱսӴһһʮӵһʮ֮⻹ԺϸɲͲֶַΪɣطʮĸӣձಢװԼʮӡ
ʮط岢˺ίΣǧرǺƽϲɳ֮عΪĲȫ˺ĸı࣬ͬȥɲıǵĶ顣
֮ԿϰԼĶ齻ɺʲôģԭ֪õ䷶ھŽ
ڷͬʱʼڵĸʽɫװ
ⷽչ˳ǹڣ˶ΪǰιѲⷽƣǧ¾ϵɵĲӣһսݣȺиʮװ
жʡˣⷽкܴƣڵĹѾǺι̸ݵأȫʡسǶںĿ֮£Ѿûй峯ŵķװˡ͵طǿĽϡ
ЩɫװҲǳϦ֮⣬Ըܺи㶫Ͷӵö࣬൱Ĵϣˡɱ塱š
Щط쵼ƾսϵƣβȡֱϻĲԣ󲿣ڿǧˣ˺һݣսĸ󻼡
ں֮ɫװ͸ˣвҰļ֯Ļᵳװŷ帴ţȴռԴЩʱͬͻ
ںҲ¶ģڽ֮ǰǾ콫Щɫʰɾκθڿܺձɫװһ
ɫװ֮࣬˺ȱľǾģĽɫװڿʼκβӺǺĵˡ
Щᵳװһʱͱ˸ɴʲͶһǧˣɸɾУУǸųҲС
Ӧ˵ᵳװսǺܴȻмɻᵳװͼչսֻҪһ죬ػǹòսᵳװͻһ󡰵ǹ롱Ĳźô̵ѹϣһӾܷ²ǧˡ
ڽЩᵳװعصһʽܸı࣬ͱֵرӢ£֮Ѿ̣عظɫװɨ֮롣
ܲż鱨ǺҪɳˣúñ֣ԼźһξҪ
ûʱڹϷһϵش仯ֻ֪ٲץᣬҪ˳ȥ
ںڲѾʼΪδܷս׼ĸöһһȵӣǿɽڡػǹȻڣսԱﵽʮϣΪδӦӡ
δʤʤĸӶں󳷵ĹؽϣѾݻսܻʤĸӸڻ󲿶ӵĺ·Ϊ˻صعء
ʱڳɳԱҲõӢܸϢ


ڶһʮ У
ֺǺĿǰںٵĴǴԴһǳڷصľء
ռĵԽصıҲԽ࣬οСսģֱʮ׼Ļӣ±ز㡣
ڵͬڲϴĴݡ㶫ʡİΧ֮УúǲֽӪݣѾ½ӽݵĵ̣ⷽ淴һЭ
㶫ҲںĿ֮£һɫװʡ߾ϴ£Ĵʡʮ𼱵ľ棬ѾӪʡЭͬսƼֵ
̫ƽʱս֮أûʲôֵһ̸ӪڣϽǸݺõ鱨½Ӫ֮⣬ӱӪ
սطӣֱ˻ȣ˲ʽúòʱάʡϵల£οʡ߾ϣнұŵв
£֪ҪӢײϵϢ֮ҲҡͷôҰʱ䰡
ںֲǧ֮أܱѾɵͻʮ򣬶ÿ»ϵĹģӣҪǶԸϺȫԸǰս
һȽϵĲɵػһӪķһȫ½ĲֻкϸɲڣҰսоȻҲͬһӪƽɫ
ֵǿȵսȫǺˢֵսںѾһ½սľ顣
ϸɲ±齨֮ǳеάΰ񣬸ˣȥǸռΰ񣬶ǿǹɷˡɫװԺװѵʰЩֺ⣬Ӻ׾͵õ
ȥսӺӻսϲӵ²ӣĽսԼһɴʤӵġ
һЩڹ˹֮ӣѾܵ׷ƨɴ򣬸һǿŵɨӪžԵģܺõؼ̳˺ʷͳһЩڽϡӣҲҰսлġ
Ƚľ¶ԱƶڸӪӪƵľʤðѵ±Ȼ֮ڣɲսʤʿ
Ҳ֪ЩȻоԵģӢǿĶ֣ȴδȫʩչÿ
ֻ֪Ҫٹʱ䣬ӵжʮӣʱϵǺĵ̣Щ²ӽڸеκһֳ֧زӣʱȫ֯һ֧߰˵Ĵ󲿶ӣӢչս
ӢѡڳȷʵԾϣԱ߽飺ڹµһţǲμӹԷսϲģԭ֧Ԯϣڲڹ㶫棿
Լ˼֮Ѿ˾ߣ㶫ĸãӣӢ붨Ĺģж٣
һӢʦĹģܱԼһǧһǧ˲ȣıҸ˹۵Ϊһǧҡ
ΪԼѾƵùˣһӢʦμսڱ䴦ƣϻϹ㶫ĺǿࡣ
ҹƲֹθʷİ˹ǿǾһǿй
йҪֻͨһѪĸ൱жϣҪĴ㡭
ҪǶڹ㶫˱ԵȵšǿԤӣ㶫Ԯһţǹһ򷢣ڵöôһ̣㶫棬ѸϮȡݣڵо֮ǰռ
飺ݣ˵ĸ棿
¹ݣĳЩ˵Ļӵʮ򣬼ڹ㶫ܵһ̶ȵĴۣҲӰ쵽֡
սڶڼƻǲǻҪִУ
Ҫ
ںĵǱϵĵ֦߰ͬʮĿǰսһ֧ӣвʵĲӡ
ʮ֮ûеϢƼڻֱأϵ൱鷳ϾڻһЩսģʱѾ󲿸಻
Ǽȶķ롭
ֻҪ人֣Ҿлأ


ڶһʮ £
ԳȣĸɲȻвͬǺܿ챻˵
ȴѹܴѯʵȥЩӣ
֪׼ʮӼԱСʵʱҲʮԶһЩ
ʵǺǳһͶʣʮӹϣ֮ĺϺʹ󲿷ֵҪУ±˼ʮӣȻܳͶ൱Ļš
ܾʮйðգվڳɳ˾ٵĽǶǣƺҪЩλںϡ
ɴ˵֮񣬲Ҳ
ʵ֤˵൱
һ˰ʮʮգٴη˶ԺĹ
Ͷͳʵʮ߸ӣ֮⣬ȫʡĳɳ˾ٻɳʵʩӦ
ΪڻԺĳɹϸפһҰսѰҵˣͼߵ֮ȫеʧȴúûеһʱӦ
ʵϣ˷ӦʷʧǰʮӪڵһߣͼ»¥˾򱱽ĺ
ʮʮʿСĵضڸں棬С̸ǰøոշս£ǿһӪͷʮֵܣֻжʮӻ
ǼĹ¶ĸǰᶼˣ
ǰ˭ﲻѴһѣȥ˶ӻ治֪ôˣ
Խ˵ǰ淢ս£ǾԽǰ;
ֻһȺͨͨũ񣬵ֻΪ׬һҺڵǮǵٵ̫󻰣Ѿʮµľá
Ƿãں޷ھʽȴ˾ռߣ౻ΪǾľӶǷʿ޷ܵ
иеʽСŹءǾÿʮŹһãһؾŴξãµľ䵽ӪٵѾǱΪȫĻӡ
־ʽӼǵȻǷõĹʷһλʮʦųŭд֧еʦϺսΣӳԿնԵڵĲǹ޷ߵͬʱѾǷ˺üµľãʿ޷ģֻܼʲôʲô˳͡
ǰʮʦʿΪս޷ĵŸ߳ʿЩ˵ʿȴû
Դսʼڣ峯ںͬѩһ㣬ЩʿõĸȴǶ෢µľãȻҲûˡ
˾Ǹ齨µӪͷΪ˭һӪȻֻͳ켸ˣǸúãһ˼ǧûκ⣭ȱȻҲǧ
ӪٵȱֻǮһСݣӪͷҪɰĶ̫࣬о㶼ˮ
Щʿϵ·ȥ귢ƾɺ£Ȼ̹ǣȴе˵ˣЩˣǣ
ǾɵģЬһŷһ˫
˵һ᣺ۼҪˣҼҶҪˣŹתͻȥ
˵˵ˣǵʳ˶ɳӣ
˵ţϷһɽɽЩ໥߿ʿһӾͽ
һᣬǷһȺͬǴźµʿֱӾʹǰˣ

ɱˣ
һ˵Ĵ󲿶ˣЩʿǵǹȻתܡ
΢Ĵ˵ǹѾǺܶԵǵĳ١
׼ˣţܴʲô۵ĶƽʱоĸȫӪǾһܹ˳˵
磡
֪Ǵĸһӵӵ׼ͷȫͷϻˣȻǴˣˣ
ǵڻûһӰӣⲢҪΪǰ֧ҿǹҲ춯صϢסˡ
ņ̀ǹˣǴеܣܣܣ
ˣ˺üü
ԣʮòã
ܵȺͬˮһ㣬ʮӪͷԺĽ˴鷳
ԭܼ򵥣Ǵ϶˵ʿ飬޷ͨ
Ĺ˳ǸڵֿҲԶԶ֮⿪Ȼں׼֮ǰֻʳˡ
ںȴǿȺľκηػӣִᷢźµȺڴϲֻӴܡ
ֻҪػǹһ죬ǾͻͶǶں˵鷳ոտʼ
Щʱһǿžͻ²һӪΪ˽ǵĻʳĸɲѾţ֮


һһʮ ϣ
Ȼ֮ǰļսۣѾһЩľ飬ǵӿȺеͶŪһϡǺΨһеİ취
к֮ǰսûʲô鷳ɻ˲أŪһϡ໹ǿеģֻշ࣬ʿѾˣҪǲɢѣ
ҪҪȫ׵ͷ
ӺӶߵʿѾǺ²һϵа취
з²ļźǲɢѣȻȲǷľãҲһϷ룬ǵһʱͱԼļ磺ɽģӦ·ѣƱҲУ
Դ֮󣬺Ʊͳ˺׼Ϸңԭܼ򵥣ǲɢķ²¹Ķ֮УǴ˴ֽңǿֵ˷еĻҡ
ټϺϷһϵʤúͳǶԴ˷ʤȻһٲƱǸоĴСƱȴѺƱĳǸ˵Ĵûᡣ
Υҵ£ϾЩƱźطЩƱҲԼ뷨
Ʊ̫ƽڼܵһλԵĴڴ˺Ķʮ䣬ʼûָԪֱܵϺ̺źǮׯǵѹƣʼֻǿӪ
ԭԺλʡ֮ͨأǳΪó׼ɢأܵϺѹƣǮׯƱҲһʱ޷ĴóṩǼҵתֱϺ
£ܵѹƵĺ̺ȻԸðգҲϷ̽ʵϢʮֻӭģƱšǮׯԸṩϵı
ڹռ֡ɳȵ֮ȻԸƱšǮׯʵʩ˾¹ƣֹƱųʽ𣬶ûһֹٹɣǴ󲿷ֺϷƱŶھ¹ת
миĽڻʱʽзţҪ쵽ռÿһĻͱЩͳڻЭ
ϷƱšǮׯһŻᣬȻ¹ʽܵ˺ܴƣǺеĵϢſȴŽϼʱӪƱšǮׯͷʹ⡣
ȻƱšǮׯر컯ЩǮׯ̺źͺӪµĵطУӣúƱšׯƹ˿ˮ
Ǿ;ںƱϽжĲսڻǷǷҵĺƱͬʱ˵ɳʾϵԸ
ɳķӦǳãˣ˫սؽڵ⽻Щ̺šǮׯ˺ĵݶӡ
һѸȻЩݶӵĹͣǸɵ̫ɫˣ첻õʿһȫ˺ķ²úæڴȺķ²½ٶȴΪӡ
Ƕս˵ʤԶڷٵһԭʱ䣬ĴȴĴֲ
°ܵĸϣں㣬߲ǰǧڵڶߵͼ֧;ֹ
ǵУѾǺУȻսǺôҲܾ͵ؾֹգΪǵһжȡʱ䡣
Ǵ˿°һͬ˵˾ǣѾȫ뿪Ӧصأţ°̣ǳˣϷ᲻ǻǣǲǸԭشϼǹߣ
°ϱ߱˵ǲûʶֻҪճˣͱˣοѾˣٸ˿ǹ
ʲôǹȫƾɲǹ˼űڴ̵֮±µģֿ϶תʱԭ򣬶ս̫ͼͶУ
°Խһ·ܵѾܳһľ飬رǶںսʶ
ֻҪմϣͱԥС죬ǧʧãɹ
ԭֹǾҲɣһõϢˣø˺
Ӫԥôˣû£
ǧս°㣺ûл·˭ҵѹǧս˭ҲǷ˫ݾã
ţֻҪдﶼĺģǼӪһ⣺ղ󳼣ҪǵԴô죿
Ǿͻۼһػʵۣ


ڶһʮ У
°仰˵ֱ׳ûѧȥͶЧѾǶԵ¾޼ˣ
һȺӪ໥ۣҺһǹһᣬȴǷһЦ˵úã
һб°˵ţ
¾޼ұȥСɽʰǣ°ֱ˵˵ʲôơֵǮˣҼתսҲʲôӺ򣬾ôһأܿһ缸ԸҸһء
ЩӪᣬӣѡӪٵı׼ӻ򶴣Щ˴СŸĴ泤󣬱²Ұĵʤߣһ°⻰ӻԾˣȥģûˣ
ȥûʲôӪǼǧ˽һɾƽˣ
ȥʾɶ࣬£⣡
°ȴǺ뷨ˣôһȥĶɣ⼸ǧǿ䣬ʲôµģ
ǹͣǴ룬ϹԺݺǧӹһ·ɱⳤϣǸִˣҲдĹҿ֮󣬷ǵ²ɣǴҳɾһҵ
°⻰˵һ·תսȵ̫ƽԹͻΧһ·תսȻؽֱ¹Ͼǧ̣ǶڵطĿԶԶʤ̫ƽȷʵҪһˡ
Ҫԣضų£ϯϣ°¸ǽжҪһ£ȹ˳ֻҪѴŪ֣˱ߣԾľ棡
°ⷬݽ֧˵ʿȫӿ˱ٶȣСɵװأЩɴһѶ̽Լ
ôһȴ֪ͨһǷİӪӲӪɵԭռأͼֹѾΧĺ
ǻΪԭؽŵֿ֧ôҲܶס칦໥ĺˣܶ˲֧ӵܱ滹мʮӪͷĴҪˣ
ϲǣǵĺƺûôǿڻʱǰʮӪͷ֮ƺĹֻǸǰ˸ӪͷĶǲս߶ѡ
ǲͨѶϱȽ˼ͣͨҰս绰͵籨Ѿ֪Ϣ
ȽͨѶֱӴս˾ȻûֱָӵӪǰһ£ѾȥֵĴڶԾ
ڵ绰ϴػأػأܵ
ӪǺǿһ֧֧ڳϵ˵µµҲøӶӰѾǹģϷ˲ӦǺ
ʮµĺЩ´ȴİ˹ӵܺӦùٱ˷ܵؾȥͿ˭Ƕɽһš
ںǰ棬һرûеߣϵļѾˣˣˣҵȶԸ䵱ǰ
Ǻ°񶼾ţ°¼ǹźĹƣҲԸ䵱ڻңǵһʱǵѡ
£ЩǱǲɢرģǼȻͶ״ҲԸǱһ人ԺǱǹˣ
ʱ˸ӪĶԾɴԭأǶսķչȻһ֪Ӫæдݵ飬дûŽأԼе˫ںǰʧѾÿɱˣսеͷĿˡ
УȫͼǰӪѾסĹƣҺĹƴÿζֻɰǿӦһ£ǲѶصס
οѾõܶ˵ĳŵѾӪͷ人֧ԮǣֻҪĸӪͷһʱͬʮӪͷͿԷԺķˡ
ʱػزӣѾɹ嵽λˡ
ͳ죬ƶʮĸӣһֽϿдսҪ
дʱһٿ첽˹ֵˣ
Ϊ֧ӳĵε˱ʣ٣ʲôλкͼ
ĸֵ˵ԼǧӱϿԼ幫װȫֻǰڣδҾ
ʱз
֣ʲôˢˢˢֽдԼ·꣬ʤȫ֧ת빥


ڶһʮ £
һ֧źµǰٺʿǻط˽Ųһ̸ϵս
һ֧ݲһжµģǹǹǴĿڣ¾ǲϴһˮģϸȴܿ棬ŶˮݣȫµĶ飬ٺʿµģҲϹսˡ
人ʱѾ˼ʮЩٱ׳־һ¾͸ûˣûʶǹֵζڲͣشŶ¡
ǲԸ첽絽սһһľãðһķգ˵ˣԼഺƾʲôȥ浱ٵ
ǲ⣬ǰ䣬ͻȻĺХкŭ
ɱ졣
ػ֧ӵĶʮһͶսаػǹڱһȻǴżͳź޶־Ӫȥˡ
ڣֺҶͬʱڱѾʼѹڱ͵չǰоݶΪɱĿ꣺ǰǧףЧ䡭ȫ٣
񵯼ХŴĵƬоݶƴһڵܰһӪͷȫѹڻ治ܶĵ鵽˾޴
ػǹԽ
ػǹĿȫѹ˵о֧սȻоսӪͷǧٶʿʮŽڵĵ־Ͽڣһǧٶ¹ǹȴǼڷ
Ļ˺κθֿ֯ͼܼȺɨһһˣú޷ױʵ֮󣬺ػǹʼʵʩ̵Ͷ䡣
ǼĳȻû׷ʲô£֪кҲ֪˸ӪĶʮӪǰߵֵţڸȥԮ
ǵĵףǰ·ڴ峯Ŀ֮£ȫû׹ǰ֧ǴģǵѾ
ϸ룬ͷֺѩĴ̵Ѿ̵ǰ춯صĴɱĲǹ̴ˣҲǰƣͶͶ
ͶͶ
±ΪӪѩһڵϣģͶͶ
ڣŷ֣ӻЯʮȫµĿӪڣǺѵһĺڣֻʮӪڵڻûһڵͬǧڵһ鶼͸˺
װҲǺһ䡰װĴڣӪļӪֻöʮӾͱȫߣֻʮˡ
μ½ɻӪںͲǹڱдһ˵һöл人Ĵǣڱһŵװ
齨ڱ͵һ²ֶǺϹǸɣԭӪط²ʮӵĴ֧ӣɱȥˡ
ԭɵפصİӪڲ֪˰˽ӣǸ볷ĺѾֱӰǶڷߣһغˣͶһӪֱӾʹһӪ
һһײѷȫһӪĽʣµӪսľҲʲôʹߺĻ⣬׼תܡ
ӭȴǴûܼĸڱһȻػǹӸʮȻڣǰǡ
߸ӪĶǰ˼ףѾɽĻþҲʿʿҲ٣ָϵͳױȫƾڵҴܣ̻µĿͳ
ͻΧα״֮󣬺쿪ʼػǹڻ֮µսɨһǹûˣֻʬпš
Ϊֹϵ˵Ǳɨ룬ȥڳߵʮӪͼ߼ﵽʮӪǶ˵ı绹ں档
²ΪЩдΨһѡ񣬵ǾȻҲһ
ꡢӪ죬ڶڳϣȴҲһԳ˵Ĵֻѯȴֻһ𰸣°ȥˣȻչˣ
°Ϊ˷ֹ׷ɴڶɽʱһУѳϵĴСֻ⣬ٻ˲٣ʣµĽֲ⼮ִ˾档
ôһǧڽϣҪɹȥʲơضѻڽߣʱʱŶܹһҶۡ
˾ͼڽߣţ˺ҿǹһƬңҲ˼žˮ԰ȥ˽е
ûĴ˴̵Ѿˡ


ڶһʮ ̣
ϵֻһȷڱشӳ棬Ӳڲ֮ǰɱ񵯺ؾ񺿣ܼȺһӱһƬ
ǺĲǹʼѾ˼ľ󣬿ӣ˵Ĵʧȥ˿ƣӲʱʱһСģͱȺڽ£Ҳˡ
ڽľٺʿ½һ㣬Ȼûдֻ˫ֿտյιУвҵǱ½ȥġ
һң㼯˳ûʲô취ӿӿȥֻȴ򼸷ѹƣȻʿŴ̵ȥǹɱǹɱ
⽭ߵ²㻨˺һһҹʱ䣬ΪЩ²Ѷȿչһսȡ
ڳϵڳ°ڹĶ⣬ʮӪͷȫڽϾڳԱĺͺڣںܶȻЩսĲӣǶϲ̨档
һ뵽һ㣬ʡĺܶɱ˵ģ°սԼֻ°ʡֱֵ֯ӱнͻˣ
˵Ǻû뵽Ǿô򵥵֣ԭ滮֯ڱǽڻڻǹڻʵʩƣһȷɨ˴ǣһ·ɱ˳ϡںüӪɨǣûʲôĵֿ־ؾؽȴһҲ
ҲǺȴ˴
׼ǵִͬʱõϢдˣдˣ
°Ȼܿȫĳɴֺ֧人ǮׯƱţִ֣ĳЩҰʿ׼˶ɹĴֻ
Ϊ֧ӳľ׺ܿ˽⵽ʵʵСֺͼС洬Ѿ׼ͷ½ӦˣһԿԹȥһǿӪڴϴһڱ
ڹռһжûʲô滮ֻжھһСĵ˶ûˣ֯ɽ֧ӾҪɹȡ
֧ڵ人ıԼΪȫ֧ӵ֮λĲڱҲʱ뾭֧ӵָӣȻʮƣͣʿ
ں½ӦǸӪٳ·ǰ߱ɽҲۣɽͬʱҲױӵˣǣˣǷˣ
ֵǣˣǶǷй֮ˣ
νΪУһӪͷͷˮˣռͷͶչ˶䣺ǷˣҲ˰ɣ
٣ô֪ͨһˣҲ
ˮˣˮˣ
ĶɽӻûйѾһƬңѹǰĶӪռͷһڱ۰Ϲëǰ
һƬңƫƫںͺܶûжٵĶ飬ĹƶûסѾŰܳˣӪҲˡ
ȵһǿӪϰȥս־ȫܿˣϾһǿӪǱܵӪʹãؾѾǾ֮ʲôҲ˲ãȥⱻȫߡ
˵ڶ磬׵֧˾ѾҲѾͨѶ֯Ų轭׵ߣµϢǺڵսѾȫˡ
ʱɳһǿ˺ڣ人Ѿȫ֣֮ԤĹȡļƻѾһˡ
ֻҲսҲһˣ߼ɽȥˣǺսѾùˣںڡԲɨ⣬ڲдľж
Զ׿ʶҲúܣ˭뵽ɳ人ʡôɾˣر人פأȴһն̲սĻᣬֻܽѡ
ڵͼһۣ׾һַĵԺ㵽Ѿ죬Ȼ仹д£ڲΪ˵ǣһ
ʱȴõӢ·ŭͨҴе棬ڳŴӢ۹棬ϣ󲿲ҪԽ⣬ʱ̹󲿶ǵռ졭
ǺͺŴӢҵκʽַҲ󲿶κνͼ
´ڻûõͺڱռϢ


ڶһʮ 
ǰλӢҪ֪뺺ڶ֣֮϶Ҫף϶ҪˣȻؾԲе˵壬ӢϵУԼڳذͨȨ²ȨȨȽԲκγ̶ȵַеȻκθַĶصĴ
Ƶ۹峣õַ人ȡɶϺ£ҵ٣ΪӢ˵ĿţִôеϹйսеĽս壬Ȼܸ⽻ϡ
λװĵӢ£ͻȻЦˡ
ʱôһȺΪ˵ŷˣȫҰԵоҪԼΪѺõѣ˳սǾ仰
۹ߣڶĺϣŴڣͿһҵӣѾȥˣ
Ұʷʱǰʮǰɣ
סӢµ֣ϴŵЦݣǳлұ֪ͨҵĴ𸴡
գҾӦͺ֮룬ѾɹУĿǰҾѾ人򣬲ȫΰҵڹҷظ¡
ѵӢ£ǹ֮ǰһãԱҷڣҷҷ˵忼ǣԸһıӢǣһԼҺԲϣ
ҾӵйڵĺɣκξôֻйںУᵽҷɣ粻ҷжҷȨԹһɹ󷽸𡭡
󷽱뱣֤ԱйڵһжҾĹκδҷжԻܵҷϳͣ
ѾѽֵӢµĲˣ˵ˣǾ˫˺ˣ
ڳԼıǮ˵⻹ǶӢ˵İںսɻʮźܶոչںҪڡ
ЩڶӢʽĻڣԭ׼ڹߣֹԽвٺϵĳھҪڣЩڴʵ˺ڳϵڱʵ
ڳĳˮޣӢ˲ɳλս볤ֻɳһЩǳˮڽͧЩڽͧںѾйɴνսľ顣
ЩսУȡ˻ԻսķͧڽʮңȻڳ֮ڣӢŸλͧͧǺڱԷսڼ䣬ͬųĽر100ϵĴھڵļ룬ԼɻŻڵãʮ㡣
ڹ㶫Ƽ񻯣ѾⲻӢչһսҲ˺ڿʼҪҴ򽻵ˣ
סһܺô򽻵ѣǾҪ̸еʱҶǷǳӭģ
ӢµѾ͸죬йʮ꣬ȴûмйˣ
ȻȻսӢȨֻһѪҪˣȴǰѪ̽ȥȥһת⽻͹ʹĺ⣡ұ˵һ䡭
Ӣ¾Լװʪ͸ˣüķŭһ仰ûве֧֣人һ£
ûӢ˵֧֣ȷʵú人ر൱鷳ر˳人һӢ;֧Ԯ֮£ܿվס˽ţͼѰ人
ں˵人Ǹ൱ĸۣӳɳʱ򣬲ʮӵıս½ʮӣձӪɾҪάִ人رȻ˵㡣
人򣬺ҪĸӪرӣڽϡأдƬ֮磬ҪǰȥռҪ
ͨʡأÿطһӵرȫʡҪһٸң֮⣬ʮӵĻӵҰս
ںϸոձľɾҲ߰ʮӣοɾսּɿӢ˶ú人ձս˳µ¡
Թ人Ժ人սÿÿҹڽУǺбɨдͼ人˫Сսʮء
ӪɾսУЩɾȻв־ٹԱӣȴӭͷһн
ȫⲻˣͬĶ飬ӪǶЩӣ˺£ôȫ˻֮ʦ
һҲúģڻǲȡһӺ;ɾһӪЭͬ໥ڻ໥ߵսʱɾһںһŵ֧Ԯ£ҲҴٳ
ɾڿ˵ǰ²ɣȻֻĺǸ˽ں˲ٶرǺıơڡսѧɣսߵúܿ졣
һ人ľסˣŽ϶ͬʱչؽһ·ȥ˵൱˳ľ档
ڽϵѾȻڴӪչ˼εֿϿ˵֮˺ƽա
ʱ䲻ˣǸոչռ˲ʹվڳʵ½Ϣ籨ִվȷ۵½Ϣ
ϢòӣԭΪӢǶ棬ٴһѣ1860ڶѻƬսȴû뵽ձ˶Ͻ
ݹ㶫洫Ľ鱨ձ˵½ǲӹģޣһӵļƺ൱ı˳ʷ棬˵Ϣǻ׼ɱ˳ڡ
ǽڣӢΪ£ձˣҲ˲棬ƿ϶ѹܴһȨ棬ؽǣڹ㶫棬жվͶս
Ͼˮ¥̨ӢԶάһöЩѶȣվйսͶһʦҲɡ
ڹ㶫棬ҰսѾУµϢǺѾƽݣвȷе˵ǺѾռ˹ݣ֮ܶѾڡ
ϢǴӹ㶫Ұս籨ģͨϺ人֮дһ籨ߴģҲ޷ȷһϢǷʵ
ϺϢһʮҪǾվĺݶѾǴ׼Ϻһβ˵һ֮ࡣ
̵վ˵֮࣬ձƺǰеıǮѺˣϢ˵Ӣ׼õ̫ƽľ飬׼֯һ֧ӵǹؽϣֱȡ人
еϢӢ˿ֱӳ棬ӢȻҲû뵽人ôľͶϺϢǶֱӳ人һ顣
Ͼ½Ȳù㶫غ㣬ӢΰܱĽѵڵսδĶۡ
Ϊһ鱨ڲѾз人Ķ飬Ҳش


ڶһʮ սϣ
ǽǵԪ¹ϵĲԣɵ£ǡǡС
ݣ
ȻǴһʼǵ۹峯ͳεжµУʱϣֻǿȨزڶ˹ʧܣŷ޴½İĪ˹ƣŷ޴½ĹС
Ĺ͹һ˰һһʽʱ人
Ϣʽȥڼ֮ڳ׸ıĸ֡
֮ǰսУʼûдԼţǡʦȻƲĸ֣ȴʼûǶݡ
ĻĹ͹˵ڳ˾¹֮⣬һжǴ֮УԸ˵ȨάĹңڹ͹̸ʲôܹȨãʹһƶûжۡ
ʵϣγ˵ľ¶ãսΪҪĿģԺе¢ʱǿľΪ˫ٸѵĲԱĹ͹ǿһġ
ǵʽŵʱ򣬴ϱһʱ񶯣ӿǹ㶫ڵڹ߾Χ˵˶£Ǻصκˣһʱ䶼þܣϲԾһ
ξôһ죬ôһϢεսúڵǧܣг֮ơ
ںڣƸΪԣȻȲüʱ人ȴܵͨʡʿһº
ںƵĴ˵ֹƫԶʱӢĹ֮Уʣ¿ѡֻгɳ人ɳԭǸõѡ񣬵ǼӢԸ泤Ŀǣѡ人
عţԹԣġʱ人ʹź人Ҫκν人ĵоһս
һһطʿӻԾ쳣ϱ˵ǴϭԸͶЧԶľݸһسǶʮطװˣͶʶ
Ϊ˰Щطʿ˺ʡ֣Ȼ˵һģǵطʿΪǧѷ֮Ϊ˱ʾ人ľģ׶á
ġ׶ʦսʷǧдһתۣĹ͹ĽҲ־ʦʽɾӴʦһ˹͹ʷᡭ
ʦ֮ʷ׷ϸӪʱڶԷսڼ䣬ʦǰŽսڽȥΰ󸴹սУʦǰڹս˱˾Ĺʹڱޣδȡشս
սУʦǰΪͳ˾ӣȻֻһŵıƣսۼߵжǧƱıսУʦӵõ˼ĶҲΪӪ
ڻĹ͹֮ʱʦΰսԸı࣬˾ɾһӪķ²ټ±һǧ±ʽıΪӵвӪӪս۱ţڱظһӣܱﵽǧϡ
֮þ͵ž׶Ĺʹڵʱ人ͼһͶ뵽еսȡ˻Ի͵ս
˵ǣ֮ԳôһţȫΪû人رнѳȥϾΪ˾λСӪܻ人ǡѡ
û뵽ĲżȻı࣬ݱٺźպսĲʦţԭΪطĵλִپ춯صս
׶õĳ˵ǡʱĻᣬͲԻ͵ʷ
òʲôĹǸɲӣȻСӪĳɷϵĺǳɷݺ£սںڶӵ׼ӣȴҵö֡
ֻҪк֣ټӳԽʱıơսͻǾʤκһ֧ȻӢճļһ˸˵ļ󣬵ȴһδӭͷʹ
Ȼȫ人人ΰȴʱ齨ľ¾ӷ˳ڵĴ󲿷ΰҹϵزȡսȦصսϽй
£ǧ˵ս۱Ż˾˵սǹСԼǧˣмͳơ˵С֣Զ˺ʡڡ
¶˵ؽ⻹ǣǹ㶫ںӢս


ڶһʮ սУ
ڴӹ㶫洫һһϢ
Ϣȷ˹˺֣֮ʵϺѾ˴Ӳ̵׼øܵеĴ㣬ζҪ᳹¹ݡ
Ϊ˺ըҩͼ˼ʮ򹫽ըҩǹڵ׼һδսķ׼عݵսһ֮Ҳоģڹͻǹ֧£׼һս
֮һͷβϦģûдعʾͻ
ԭӢļ֮£ؾ־иߣпһսزסݳҲٿԸشɱˡ
ΧսּѺãǵ˹ؽʱλĶͶסˣһѯʣʲôʱṥڣ
ʮԶڽܶˣǺͺƴǰѱƴˣฮ𣿡
˵֮ĵȥˣѱƴ⣬ʱӢ˼ˣ᲻ԼܶԼ˱ûǮʱô죿
һк֮ǣ;֮ģע߳ɰܾ֣֮ݳǻûг׺ΧԼױӪһ£׼ϳӡ
ֻӪһǣѾ˺ȻһƬңҶ֪ڹݳ·һܶѾȳˡ
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Żڣͦػǹٸ䲽ǹֻ˳һȱڣһ˳ָֻԭģ
սǾ޴󣬷н򣬱ǧɻ֧꣬࣬ǽȥȴǻϢ
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۵Ӣû뵽ôɾͱݵϢ֯һõӢ׼Ԯݡ
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ȷ˶֮󣬷ηӢ˺ܿͶһӡӪ£ȳս
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ڱƾʿ˵ʹɽҵҪıϣǴߴվӿǰٶȡ
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ӡȵĲǶӢ˵վǰٶȻȫĹȡ
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־棬ֱǶڲһ裬ΪˣҶԲ쿴˾ĹҰս£׼Ĵ
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ɲǷ׵ĻɱӢ˰
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ȴ֪׸صǶк˵棬ڷ͹棬ԶǴҪ˵ķ档
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ӡֳ֧صԱѾԾжˣźƽյһЩׯ԰ͬξжܾǺûԼׯ԰
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ΨһĺϢٷڵվ˲٣ڱִٵطأȻ۲ԺڱжӳеӻʹڱУ䣡
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ܿ죬վ󲿷ֻڶֹֻͣŴ϶ͻڼʵʩ䣬һһεظλһһٶȽսѹơ
ʵϣվڱѾΥ˴ɽҵɽڴ󲿷ڵѻں󷽣ǰͣ´ǣÿڷ巢ڵ
ǶڷڵڱҲǵõϢСʱ֮мʮڵǰǱΪ̵սʡҩֻܼϣǵĻܰٷУһھֱĿꡣ
վڱתĿ꣬ԽԽվչ̫֮£Ҷַһ̾ɽ֮۵ķ
ǰ֧վǵʽٵ뷨ʽٵĽϣһƬƬɫķ̫һţվǶԱӵĸӣȫ̵ڻѹ
ǲжΪȺʮӣ̵֣ɱڣΥγԱĹŵе꣡棡
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ػһ̶Ĭˣڱͷһַŷ׷ӿĲȺͣĥȭơ
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ĸɵķƺƵ񲻿ɵڽػǹѹƷΧǹĵҩͳ׼ȫȥһԵĹ뿪˹ŵ˵죡ǰǰǰ
ĸӶǾѡϸѡľӣӲͬʦѡγľ񲿶ӣҲʼ˷Ӧ˿ʼõεչĲ;֮Ƽ
˫չСģǹսǰڵغվչ˶䣬վһڱʼڣ׼
ǹʼ٣ǰʹõǹվ˲С鷳ĸӵĹ޷ֿġ
ڶݶӣͶս
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˵䣬Ѿ£뵽Ķ֮Уľϣ俴˫չ˹ģ൱ǹս
װÿӶдٷǹӵվȷжӲ˲СŴɽұ֤£ҾͶڶݶԺǽڽռ춫ݸᳬˣ
˵ľϣѾ˷ǳ۵ĹƣȻװװһЩĺŲǹҲһЩֿǾĿǰô˵˵ǵء
еվ٣ԺսòߣװǵȻûó˭Ϊֻʱˡ
ʱںڱǵǰôƺƵվӣ˵ζʢ磬Ǹо׼ֱӴһҲܴһƬ
ֻǴҶҧ촽ǰغվչ䣬վŻչѾעĴʯ绰ϡ
塭ڱһʱץ˵绰ڱף϶Եʵʩִ
ͬʱǰļʮڱض˴ʯ绰ϲ绰ף
һж׼ˣ׼Ѿȱ궨λͲ׼ãš
ȻվͶܻǺҲʮŸʽܻڣȻڡڡڡػǹв롣
ʱɽںľϣ̸⣺ҪһЩĹƣҹս⣬ҪԱǵûôԱ롭
ţ
ɽڻѾʼˣ굯Ļڴɽɵн
һ˲䣬ƵĴС裬һʮ׵ȻڵǹӵڿХ˻ĵĽ֡


ڶٶʮ ѪĽ£
ڱֵػȫſˣ׼ųĴվչ䣬Լ˵ǡɽڵػǹ
һʹϰٷڵڡɽڡڡȻڣȫƴһװ뷢䣬ͼǰĲκƬ
ȫõʵ⣬Ǻ׼˴µļأѾ궨˱ߣ˶䣬ڱű۾ܴС
ȴǺʮͦػǹһʼʮ߾վɨȷػǹϴﵽƽ⣬űɨеĵоĻǹִе찡
һͦػǹṩĻ֧ԮһӪ൱ˣǾѻȴȺҵվָӹٲһǹ
ڲǹ䣬ͬǽвɻȱģǹǹսκһ㶼òȫһǹһС˲ʧȥ֮ıԱ
ڵڲ£һڵ÷Բʮ׶Ϊɱ˷ΧƬͬѹӢһġ
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սϣĵƬߡɨţǰжӼ״壬жʣ¼ܶˡ
һӶξţתһȴԼСѾһɨˣԼػӶţѾҲڶˡ
ڲϵոÿһ˲䶼гųŵʿ
Ļ֯վûмնսҲЭͬػǹȫѹƵսʽ
һ˲䣬ɽҵó죬һߵľϣ˵ˣǡǱ롭ǡ
֪ʲôȥǲ
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ʱվڱΨһָϵ
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ǵǰϰٸҪĿ궼˲䱩¶ˣĲءڱء۲
ڽʮһŻڣѹôĿ꣬ڶԷսܽһսľ飬תŻվչսڼ񿪻
վӾںĲõĻ֮УԽԽķΧ֮ڣֻú󷽹۲ʹʯ绰ָڱתƻ
վǰӼˣӳһһˣ˸жӳˣС¸ɲͬӱյıҲֻвȱȫһжӡ
ӳĻ֮£ʿȫ¶ںĻɱ˷Χ֮£ֻþһӣеͻƣ
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Σվڲռ൱ƣźչɱ˫˲䶼˾޴Ĵۣڼ֮վռصһǡ
ֻͻƵӣֱյıƲȫĲжӣÿжӵıֻʮʮֻ൱սǰһСӡ
ʹսûµվһʤϣ
ͻƣ
վĶʮһŻȫ䣬ڻµվնٱͳȥƲĸӵܹƣĸĽ
رϾЩ©վڱҲ˲СãĸӾȻӾϰٶɱ˺ء
վؿЩȫձõĲӸܺɽڵػǹðŻͳ͹ף˿˴š
һͻƣĻƾͼ˲٣ػΪ˷ֹˣתƻȥݶӣڻеվҲϣƴѹ
ڳһǵĵоͬ֯ͼѵоѹȥ˫̱ӡ
ڶ̶̵ļڣķѾ˵ҲݶܵվڻϮһȺǰʧȥ硣
վӿأɺͺⲫսҲԸڻбɨ
ʱѾҶֽ飺Ѿ˲أҪء
Ҷִе˻
Ȼӱˣվ㹻ڶֹ
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ڶٶʮһ ת۵㣨ϣ
Ҷֻŵݺʮʿķ緶־ץ񵯣ֲ֪һСըҩҪϳ塣
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վڱչƵں䣬սϵҶ̱Ѿֱ֮Ҳѹסͳ塣
վвֱѹںǰ棬κܻ˻ﶼ⵽ɱ
վȻͶһչƽһٶ׾ͱҵĻѹڵˣҪվڱѾһڵ
Ϊʲôڣľϣžɱڱأ쿪ڣ쿪ڣǻǧսϣ
ûڵˣ
ڱٵͷȥԾķǾˣ
Ӧ˵վڱò൱ˣڴһڵ֮ٲܴʲô漣ˡ
ڵˣʲôʱˣʲôʱ򣿡
սӴ쵽ڣֻһСʱѾĻ˺÷飬þڿϣʲôʱ򣿡
׼ڵȥˣһڱĨźˮ˵ţǾˣһСʱԺӦвڵÿڶ෢ڵ
仰ľϣκڽ췭̵ϣ飬ʧһ洫ľڵϣҡҡҡ
˵ǰʬɽѪվʬһŽһţβ

а˰ʮһǧ˰ʮһǧʮһˡ
վͳѾԱųˣ˭սӵʲô̶ˣνֻдǣǱը÷ǣͻ̫ǰȫˣֻ˱²һǧ˰ʵʶѾܻˡ
һǧʮһԱҲˮݣǱҰսҽԺݵ֣ÿСʱʮƵԱ
ԶԣȻҲƸ˾Ű˵߽жٶʮ߰ԱȻڶӼս
Ǽ㲻֪֣ǴɽȻҪʸĳ嶯
άµսûйôһ뵽ǧ߰ӢڿԼ֪ʲôĴԼĸо
ԭֻһɵԶ
ľϣӲѾŲסˣɽӢѡ
ɽҴеӢѣΪǵҵ˰˰ʮľ޴ۣ
ʧܣźƥļᶨһνһԣ
ܿվս۵ʧܹڱ֮֯£ǵдսҪݹ۴˴սԱĴСһϣ֮⻹иʽǹɡΪҾ֮ڵΪҾʮ
վܽᣬеʧԭһ㣬ǾǻڲռƣΨһԭ
һڻϴƣʧܵΨһԭ򣬶ںսǿֲġ
ϾձΪһ˹ңڻϻлһս۵սվսĻڲʵİÿӵеڵһ
մɽҵĹ۵㣬սֻҪڱλӵ㹻ڵôվ;ô
Ӫ룬ǻҪʮһڱжӣУҪʮڵûЩעʧܣ
ڴɽľϣ˵ٻһ˵ĳɷڡ
ǾǵڶǻõϢӢ˵ĹҲͬʧˣιʧܵĴ൱أӢ߰Ĵۡ
ǽֵһ֧ӣӢȻûձǧ˵ľ޴߰˵㹻ֹͣ
Ӣ˱Ǯ̫СһսܴѾ֮ǰս
֧ͬɫľӲûмݸʮ๫Է̺ߣͬʱϵغԱ壬սԱ͵ҩ
˫»ָСģս״̬ǰսͬشͬԭز뵯ҩͬʱɳСǰǰ
Ӣ˵ܵһοɳܵĴۡ
Ƕڿ׸˵֪ӢͷıһʧʱΪһսѾˡ
Ӣͺս᳤ڻǵԽðձ飬ӢһģսбܣҲˡ
쿪ˣ˵ɣʲôò
ѹʲôô


ڶٶʮһ ת۵㣨У
Ҿ桭仰ζ
ʱ򣬹桢С໥ͻģΣֻҪ仰׸Ǯ;һƬ
ʵ֤׸ɵġ͹뻪Ĺ͹ڹϵԼȫзѪĽᾧ
һԼ֮У࣬ǳϳԽвӣͬʱϷ͹ڱԽԽ棬칲͹κεԽϡ
֮⣬ںϵǧͷ޼ԽϷ²ԼЧ󷵻Խ֮⣬óԽԽȨ档
÷ĶǻĹ͹ŵйϷȨ棬ͬ·ȨɿȨȨȨ棬Ƿ֮ǰǱ߲ȡġ
ҪôȨ棬Ҳ븶޴ıۣ˱ṩһǧɵľ޶ҵǧɵĵϢ
һǧɣʵǷ˵ľԼ϶зѪĽᾧдɶа죬ԶеľдʣµĲƷ򷨹Ʒ
ڸ󹫿˵ΪƷҿ˶Ĵţʵȴ˾ǵʢ磬Ժ´ɹ˳һڽɵľʣϵĲɹٵÿ
кͿ׸һԼߣʵϿ׸ΪӪ֮񣬱Ĳ˵ںǽǧɵĴˣܵʲ׼Ļӭ
ڶһԼ˵ǻӭ֮ǿ˽ǰʵϣ˺ʮʱ䣬͹ڻĹ͹Ͷܶﵽʮڽ֮֮࣬⣬ǻȿֺع˹͹ծΪ͹ծƱڲƷĺߡ
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ˣսڼ䣬͹ӻĹ͹˽ڽɵľʣսʱ򣬷˷ǲһУйʮڻĺҵծ񡭡
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ǿڲʹʧǰѾֱӳƤ̴ֱӹϷڹ˽зβơ
Ӣȴﻢ£رΪһָӹٵĴɽңҪڱϵԮѽʦŵʹ˷ڴһս
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ӢҲǿȣȻ⵽˲ʹʧܣӢ˻ܳܵ𲼶սǻѰµϽʱҲӦɳһӪ
ֻȶ˺ԺԽԽĲӱ˫˺ụ̈Ҳ޹شֵսһ˫Ѫò࣬˰˰ˣӢһǧˡ
սԽԽڻչĶѾʼ޳֧Ԯ۹Ըڱɳһ֧󲿶սǵȷȴڳʵձפֿ˫ˣľʱˡ
ڴʱŮʦŮѧ人¡


ڶٶʮһ ת۵㣨£
ǽʷһţٳֵŮѧԺʦڱΰĺʿȳ֮֡ᡱһ·͵˻Ĺ͹׶人
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еһж˵һ㣬ӢǴ۹ϣΨһϣȴսת۵Ѿϡ
ŮѧԺ人ѧЩԽֳظ߹ͥŮʦŮѧٴοʼѧѧϰѧͬǸųΪǰǴ
ʵϣй½ҳǸʤһְλŮԣѧУѧӢԽܹȽ˼룬ǴͳĶŮԣҶڴĵӦ֡
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ǵɹΧʱַָսǰǱκͷΪ֮


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رԭһǿӪֽӪڰսУѾɹӵһǿõĹģ·һչһ໥Ͻ봨С
һƵĹĶ֮£פԼʮӪڴ߷壬ͶӪ֮УеһУܿ챻ںϲʤѹ
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ʵϣȫ֮ʤ˭û뵽Ϊ峯ɵĻḯʴ̶ֳȣʮӪ׵ر
Ͷһս׶õİԼǿһӪӣܱǧˣ볢ŹһĻӡ
ںڱҺػǹڻµĺ֮ĻʢǺ޻֮ʿսֱȥ
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ԭΪĵϵӪͷܿãѷƵĻȴ޶־ֻҶ־ЩƵ
Ҷ־һս۵ıֺѷɫڼۣ֮ԼһζԺĴݣת٣׷֮
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ձ˳սΪעĽ֮ǰµͱʱѾǰǵĲӣʣµӢִ۳ˣɽӢĵʯ
ǧӢӡûдһӵֱ˰죬һ·׷һֱɱ˾ڷ˵ĵ֮£Ӣչ̸С
Ӣˣںʧ֮˭֪峯ȥһ˰°Ǻ׷ʤµʱϯ˳人һ·ɱѾϺ
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