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˭ˮģǱȥˣҪ죡ˮԲãֻұˡ
ѧڴﻹЩ¼һʮСӽгˮվ˳磬
æҵİֵ͸ϴõݸȻôˮͰȥ⺢ˮԹȻܺãˮ֮һˮɼһٳһͿ̫ˡ
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ʱ򣬺ŵײײ˳æס˵ѾȥˣȴһץҧҪڣ˭ס
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Żһ߶µ˵̫ˣûǱףҲûпӣֵˮ˿ˡ
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ʱһľȻȻͿʼЦЦһǳƽƽͷƤ顣֪ⲻƽһԹ޵£޿ɺޣ͸޾
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µ˵Уұֵܣһһ£ѪԵ˵Һͬһүү⻹г¼ҵ
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ﹷյģȻһ˶ǺĸˡźܿıӰ߷ߵһ䡣
˵ʲô˼ǲҵŮŲ𻨾Ǵˣ²ҵøһΡ
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һ˵ҲĹ֮͹Ӷˣһλϵʿ˵ѹˣܸģ˰ŰɵİʿĻˣ飬Ļȥ֮Щ¾Ҳû
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ͳ˶ռ˼ٷ֮ʮ˲࣬ȴСмﵱٵģҲˣǿ˲ҺĹϵȢ˲𻨡
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һɤӽҲһ£Ҳܣɫ׵Ķ˵磬󺰴еģಡ챻ųˡ
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¼һұèˣЦҼ䣬Ҳû⣬ʲô˵˯ˣӵŻˡ
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ƴһк˽װ磬װ֮ȴ۾һֱţϲϣÿθһˡ
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Լ׷˶ʮңǾһĵطһŵŮʿĦгһأǰֻǿתš
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ͣǰȥĦгȷʵЩµĶӦǻƴɵĳɣȴˣĿĵǵϻһ̯ѪѪһֱ·죬Ա߲Զ֡
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ƴɸմӴͳ£ĳΧ·ƽûʲô赲ģûǰƻôײʲô
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ѾûԶˣûҾ͵ҽԺɻûͽȥƴɾȻˣһӴӺ
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û뵽ƴһ֣˾ͬһ㣬ûæҶ˵ˣСͷޣ㻹Ҹɣˣ
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һΣƴվ׳Сģֻͣ£˵СӣôôȰҵĻ𣿡
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ƴһˣСӣҪͷӰ˵ŵĿ˿Χʲôһ
˵ôأҲұƵ̫˵ɣǴڶըˣɲֲܰ˵ôˣҲлǣ
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ҴһֻҪƴɴӦ᲻ˣ˵ףʵĵµϿĺŵѪڤڤ֮ҾģҪǲѺŰãһвõ鷢Ҽпܾͷϡ
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ƴɵһۣ˵֪ĲҪ֪ûʲôôĻẦ˵ġ
Ҳʣӣһݰ׵꣬˻ƴɾͺ壬ƴɾ˵ط任·ҵ衣
Ӧһһ裬Ҵһ꣬ÿŮӣƯҪиᣬܿۡ˵ƴɳòզأôôµһֶӣǰû˵
ҲˣͺȣҲ߿ڶ濴Цӡ
źţͻȻ;ǰʼ㱣ʼŤһ˫ÿ۾Ҳۣƿڵ¶ϵǿ׶вڽʬһ
˰һ߸ʬ壡
ŵôУ䣬ܣȴûһ
ŤͷƴɷķЦ壬ȹˡ
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Ҳ֪˶ãʵģͷǰһƬ谵һźɫĶҡҡҷҷмĿյżɼһĹ㡣
Ҽһ¾ˣԼֽűһľͷϣţʱѾˣЩɫĶһƬƬӣҹĴ»ţҡҡҷҷ֮ɼһǹ
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ƴɵֶһЦ˵Ҫѡ
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ҲҡƴĿң˵ǸսȥŪķ
ɵסˡ
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˭˭ˣ˵Ҳֻĺ˵㣬Ҳ㣿м˲ڵģ
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ΪʲôҪң
ѵǻŵԩꣿ
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˵شƫƧĴɽҰ޻С
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һ̣Ҿ͸оһɣˡˡһˤڵϣһֵӾȻɿˡ
̰۾ĲÿһΧյģʲô˶û
ֹҺ¼ˣҲܵ˭ҷ⿪ϵӾ͵ײײܣֲҳŻƴ뿪ķײǣֻ෴ķߡ
Ƭֲ󣬷϶пԿԶһЩɽ˼ҵĵƻұֱǰܡ
һΣҾЩOO@@ĶֻˣǾ͸Һ棬Զ
һ亹ͣĻͷʲôûΪ׳Ҽһʯͷ˵ʲô㡣
һͣ£ЩOO@@ĶҲûҿǣܸоܶ˫۾ˣûмסתܡ
Ҳ֪˶ãʱҾͷֲԾˣԶ˼ҵĵƻ𣬷û⣬ҰԿֱ߽磬ȴô߶߲
ҽһһֲĶ
ǽ



£
ͣҲ֪ôˣ죬ʮܵľŶԶĶࡣ
ǽ£ҴӴ˵˵£ջĶһһѵĵҪ䣬һֱյھ
˵˵ǽܵԻһֱԭȦֻҪ߶ֱߣܳȥ
ջջ𣡡
£һҶȥһȴֲˣҲ֪ȥˣֻڣûƴߡ
ֻҲãй⡣
Ҷ߶µشֻֻԱգʲôû֡
ʱֻͻȻһ󶶶ŵҲûˡ
һţһӾᵽ˶㡣

Ǹ룡
ȻָˣǣֱߣʲôҪͷ
ȶӶڴ˵ģΪʲôյĶţ
ҲûȥЩҪľ˸ָ·һ׵Ķš
Ǿĵݣܱʲôá
ȾܣҲʲôͷܶܶ졣
žͷֵ֣ı߼һ¾ͽˣܿͳ˳ȥ
Ҳ٣
Ҵһ䣬˷ܲѣӳˡ˵еƻķһֱܣܿͿ˻ش··һ·񱼣Ŷʮڻص˴
ûκֱͣӻ˼ңְѾ˯ˣֻмĺڹҽƺڻӭһؼҡ
ҴһǶ˵ڹǱаĶֻҪڣаʲôľͲҸҲʾ
ڻ
ҳһ⹷Ұ߸´ˡ

ڻҽһҡβܹ˲ҵȣǵӡ
ҿûʲô״Žƽ
ƽҾͷֲˡǸ룬ô֪ҵʱ˹ǽѵʱڸڿң
Уǰţһ룬ԾڰʾŻ£ĺӽҪס֮ǰԾ֪һ¡
ѵǸɲѽҪԺĺӶ֣ҪҡߣѾľߵˣûղŻְ
˭
ѵǸĶͷ˵˲øλô
ԽҾþ㤣ǣҿʼɣˣǹ
ϰµģһ鳶壬ʱƴɣΪʲôҪң
˵жˣʲô˼ɻģǴǸôѵǺŵԩꣿ
У˭ɵӣΪʲô

ͷըˣеĶ֮ϵȴʲôԼԼҾҺʲôıһſֶ
ȵȣһ֪ʲô
ֻƴɴ˿̲ڣҲ֪Ψһ֪ȥֻ
һʱ䣬ҹʮһ̣벦˹ȥ
ʧǣ˺ü飬ʾĺ벻ڡ
Ҳģַţдţң
þϲǣžȻͳɹˣǱߺܿͻعˣֻ֣ǡ
ַ˵˭֪Ҫ£
һζȴʧܣ˺üΣǲС
ֻԴˣңΪʲô֪˹ǽҵ˭ѵͬ
Ժ˺ܾãһͷûУʱżԼһɧȥϴ˸裬ϴʱҲһˣѺڻ˩סǣԡҡ
û취ѽ
ڻںôṩһ㰲ȫС
˼˵ǲǶԵģٺڻǸ
ϴҾڴϣѺڻҲ˩ڷҲҹصƣŴصʵʵһŵĹǺģҲ˯͵ۣѰ˼˯
ɵҹʱڻڼܲס˯ϮԺ˯ˡ
Ҳ̤ܲʵһңΪʲôûнסӣԽԽž;ĺϤȻѪͻȻһ³֡

ŵôһӴϱŷΡ
ôˣʱҵķţˡ
Ҳ˲ϵĺ˵û£ء
⺢ӣûԷˡ˵
ãӦһһ±Ѿʮˡ
ȵȡ
ԣ
ʲôʱ
Ǻҹġ
ұסˣæ򿪷ţҰ趼ڿ׼Էȥ裺裬죬¡ģ
⺢ӣ˰ɣԼʱĶ֪ˣ𱸵Ŀһۣʢһ뷹ݸҡ
һĭ˸ţ˵Ǹ˵ƣˡ
˵ѽ͹ڷûԡҰֶ˵
˵ģǺҹŻģΪʲôô˵
ҸʣƳͣһĦг
ʲôʱ򿪻ˣ
ǱҽԺſ
һԿףҿϣΨһԿס
Ҳ٣
ŵֱӴϷȥ
Ұ豻һæҷôˣôɫôҲұֳ쳣ֻ˵ȾƺȶˣͷЩΡ
Ҽ䣬ԺٺȵƣҲû롣
ʵʵڷϳ˵㷹ҰɣҪ֪ҵըѡ
ŷȴһƬհףԼǺҹģ߻ģûﳵԿҲԼϣҰΪӵĳҲûԿס
ǳ˭ģ
˵ˣ᲻ῴۣ
һ֣ϵպȻˣɼ˵﷢ʵģƴʵܹҡ
ĻĦгôͣ
ң˭ܰ
ȳ˷̳ȥǽ⿪ŵĹؼǰҼһ³ֳԭװģûбҲûκαƻĺۼ
ң˵ȥ˺Ұæˡ
ҳһŲûôŵ˶źߣܵȥʲôæ
ɻȥ˺ԶԶľͷ֣žǱкöˣԭæģڳ͡
һңʹӲ˵磬û°ɣɰһ
﷭ȴװƽôˡ
˵ҽԺȥʱһ仰˵Ҹ˵ҲңֻܿɰҸŻˡ
ǴҽԺȥģ׼˵ĻȻ͵һ顣
ͷ˵ѽаһؼҾͽ˷䣬㶼ҡ
κˣ²ԾҺľìܵģȻ׼ӷ¡
£Ҫô﷢ΣҪôѣ
Σֽϵպôͣ
ѣĪôͣ



£ѹ
뵽˻ƴɵŮʿĦгʣƴɵ㻹𣿡
ѽȥҽԺİ·ϾѳȡˣȻȥҽԺҵ㣬ʹһشˣһ·һ仰˵˵
һ˵Ҿ͸ץϹˣ˵ǻƴɸûȥҽԺ
ǡҽԺҳĻƴ˭
ղŻңֳƴɣ
赽ô£
磬û°ɣɫ죬ҡ
Ŷûû£ЩûôϢáҡҡͷҰº˵һ˻ѣʱԲǡûѣֻ˵Ҳš
Ұһ䣬ԼЩˣС浽ķСʼɡ
Ŷˣ˵źˣûˡʱЦŶ˵һɣ£ҲŵĲᡣ
һ㶣ô¡
ǱߣǸƤµǸǴľϰ壬һβ֪ʲôľģȻһĨžͺˣȻƴɿ׶ˡ˵ĩߵҿƴɾǸðƵĻ²ãǴĻ̵̻ġ
˳ָķȥȻҵһƤµˣͦᣬ˿ϱλ峤ºͼĳš
ҲŤͷңĿӣұܵһŤͷ֪ôģĿ⾹ȻҾ飬ѧʱҵʦֵĸо
֣ڴѧЩ꣬ɫɫ˶ûָоʲôֲǷǮҲû͵Ķ
ôһ˵һеӡ
شɽ߱ĶûУľԴǺܲģﻹһӪֳǴһľĲֿ⣬żһ´˰æľģҲǴũʱĺȥ
ЩֵǣżڴðͷһΣÿδĶƤ£Ҳû֪ʲô֣˽Ƥϰ壬ʱֵƤ¿͡
СʱľĲֿˣʱΣһˣ˵еʱһżҲһ˾Ƥ
û뵽ʹｻ굫ֺİƤ¿ͣȻͨ£ƴɶ㲻£ָ㶨ˡ
ôűˣһ£ڲȥƴˣȰ꣬ҲЩ߰¾ûˡ
ˣʱᡣ˵
ô죿
Ҿˣߵɥأ˵ĵڶŻ磬֮ҪͣŻᡣ
ϲźۣҲǽʽ磬֮ǰƴɵĲ㣬Ϊûۡ
ᣬûء
ͷ˵ѽƤϰ˵ģ˵ʱ飬Ҫᡣ
ҵͷҲ˵ʲôȻбúűۣľû
˵ţ峤˹˵С̧׽ɽʱͷᦡ
˿ĭܵľܾˣٺͺһҳκιϵҪΪҶ׼ģû뵽һͱץ׳
ٰᦾǸ·ģڹײĵǰ档ϻһ٣˱á
¶аŵĽһ˶Ըɡ
ɻû˵˵ƤϰԽģͶൣ㣬Ҳһȥ
һͿʼġ
Ƥ¿Ҫȥģ
˵תˣ죬ûѾܾĻ˵ڣһʵڲ֪ôܾ⼸Լ̫棬ǳ˵ȥûš
ĴһӲаôҲûһңΪ˾ҵĺҲģ׵˸
ͷ͵Ҹ·ᣬһ׮£ƴ˵ұĳˣǸǺŵԩĻҲ÷һ˰ɡ
¹ʲôýǷǶԴǣ
Ҫҳ˾ȥҸ
֮ԭһһȥˡ
ʮ׼ʱףõĴֵָĴײĶ˵Ƥ¿ʹģײĻݵīסҲ֪ʲôãɥûġ
ʮһ׼ʱףɰ̧ףҺг¼ҵŰǰ档
ںҲûʲôݣͺܿ񶼲ĶԵЩ£ҲʮˡƤ¿Ҳˣڶĺ棬һᣬޱ顣
Щ֣Ƥ¿ȻʹвٽûǸôһĺУôҵˣ͹ף
ǳںģбʲôԵʣ
룬ֲҡҡͷʱ侭Ĺ¶ˣԽԽɹˡ
ŵĹѡںɽиɽ·мһ·Ҫһˮ·ߡǰ涼ƽȣǰɶǼɵרҵֳ̧׽û˵Ҳϵ
ɾҪǶˮһ·ʱˡ
ԭʵȻۿɼٶȰһ꽫ٵĽࡣ
仯ձҲܳƫƫʱɫˣǰ֮׵ĳ¾ͬɫһС˵Сӿų̡
¾ͬҲǺˣײĺͰ̧ΪŵڹײľģǸˡ
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¾ͬȻ£̧׽ҲǸЩ̧ĹײĶˣȻʶ㡣
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ž͵ˮһ··ұ߿ɽٺӣ·ͺ֮кüף·沢ֻ̧̫ŹľͨһСĿߵĸɾпܱĵӿĺȥ
ߵֲòٴηٶȡ
ʱͻȻĵĴ»£Ҫȥæ
ʲô
ĺݺݵһ飬ĪĻͷģǡ¡ۡ
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ҵһۣС˵ղ˵ʲôʲôҪæ
ңĪ˵ҡʲôҲû˵ѽ
ʲôû˵ֻͷƤһ飬ʲôû˵ǸղǾ仰˭˵ģ
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취
ײĲԾ
һңǹײҡҡλεģۿҪء
סùײأ¾ͬɫ䡣
סˣ
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ײԽԽбҲҪȥ
죬æߣ¾ͬ죬æк˹ȥæ
Ҷû˵Ѱᦲͱ˹ȥڹײߣг¼ҵԼ漸Ҳһ붥ȥ
һɹ³ˣʹ󾢣ǹײľǿƽȻбţѹһɽһ
ײĵұ߻ĸɣɣײĵʮˣȴƽ
Ĺڳּ¡
ײĻûĹؾ˹׿ɥĴɣɥĹأײֻ֮һιף;Բף¡
𾪵ǣϴڼӴ󣬽³ԽԽͣۿͿҪסˡ
ǹѹףаɾֵļС
ô죿ˡ
ұŵĿϢˣѹף
˵ǼϵĹײĸϣй
һ뵽⣬ȶӾͿʼ
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ʱƤ¿ʹӺֻһ׷һµڵϣݣ׷Ա߲û㣬˵
·ɽ»·أδ·еһȲɾ⣬ºȻѪʳ̧֣
˵꣬óһ֧ȼ׷ǰ棬ʱûһ˿ķ磬ҡҷ˼£ȵš
ȼҾ;üϵ͵һᣬײһӾͿƽˡ

Һã
һ㡣

һɻûȴҰȣͻȻסۡһˣΪһĨƮ
ƣ
¾ͬһʧȥѪɫ
Ƥ¿͵Ҳ͵һ
ͷƤһըûȷӦǹײһᣬ״˽ҽ˺



£µĺӰ
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ɽĺӲƽԭشĺӣӵǳˮļҺǿڹײںˮҷһıܣץҺףӿļץסƯ⿿ԼΨһ³Ǳ
Źײˮտʼż洫ľܿСȥˮһƹɽһ档ˮôļײĳ׸ˮʱ򣬺Ϳˡ
ҷϹײĸǣһӵĺˮȫŻ˳Ҳͽѹҵȴûһķɡ
Ϊһڹײģڹײģ֮ǰֹ
Һܺ£˿ǸڹײϣһͷĶңʱ׼ҡȻײһͷյģʲôûС
ҽץסײĵīŵһţĶһߣһգöͱһ
Ҳ֪ǸʲôУղҲҪȥæ˭˵˵ģ˭˵ģǲǾǸѹ׵Ĺ
Ϊʲôȥæѵ֪ײҪˮ
ΪʲôҪ֪ͨңǣѵбĹ
ԽԽĺ£ֹסĲֱܵײϰȴҲôΪһεˮ·൱кͰһ뿪ұĸʼǰٷ֮٣ˮԲãֻһʽȺѼǿȥ
Ҫ££ԽԽÿ졣
ǿѹеľ壬Լȣƹ嵽лˣΪĺӵһϪ㣬ˮ仺
˵󲻴˵ССʵ̫ˣʧȥʱУҲ֪˶ãǰͻȻһһ
ҴСⳤȻ֪ĺӵһϪ㣬ϪȻƽʱˮ󣬵ʱȴɽ飬ڽĵطһ޴ˮ̶رо޴ȴļȽƽ
ˣҼæıȥѰϰλãܿҵˣβԶһôĵطҲͶʮףÿ˳ˮƮȥ
ִŹһʽӦܵ
ɾ׼ʱǹײͻȻһ𣬾ȻѸԶǿλá
Ҳûˤˮȥץϸһʱɵˡ
ײģȻϣ
ûеĶĹײģôϣ
Ӳˡ
źˮϣСϪˮϡ
أ
ҷµʱͻȻһƬˮһ޴ĺβ̳ˮ棬žһˮ
ˮж
ô󣡣
һһ飬æײµˮ׿ȥⲻ֪һûҵĻų
ײµˮȻһ޴ĺӰ
ŹײСϪϡ
ݿʼܣⶫ̫ˣŴ󴲵ƴô󣬳ΣһԳһ޴ĵβ;̳ˮ棬泤ɫë̡
ʲô
ҿ챻̱ˣȶֱʱǲ
ˮȻôŹײҪȥȥ᲻ҵʳˣ
ҳɵһСʱ䣬ӰѾŹײĽϪ棬ϪˮͱڣڸˣҷǺӰңȻˮԵ
ɸҪǣ־鷢ˣ
µĹײ棬ȻĻ
Źײģøĳצӹץľͷ졣
ײж
һˮµӰһĻײ˭ģ


ʬ
ʬ䣿
ƬΡ

ԽԽõľмɵ죬λãǰһλá

ܲˣֲ׽ĵ׵ǸҳױϣŲһеˮĳȥ
ѾʧȥǣʱֻڹײģҲǸӰܲӵõѾȥˣֻܣٲʲôһŷ
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ҷţҲʲôȷûûã٣һ֢ˣҽһۣˡ
ѩϼ˪ǣǿڹײǰһ壬ҹˡ
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ǺɫĴӰңҪˣ
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һ̧ͷͼһľҸǰץһ˵ˣվ±ߵƤ¿͡
˲棬ץסӡ
Ƥ¿һұϵصһұϣ۵ҵһʱѾܲôˣΪֻҪһ㣬ҾпˮµǸС
ΪϧҧסӣԼһֵˮȥһ˴ǳ󣬵ȹײĵ˿ĵطѾ˰С
ƺǼû˻ᣬǹײĵһͷٴγζȥܿʧǰһתĵط
Ҵһĸоĺã
̲סֱ
ΪԼڣû뵽þˣһҲ۵òƤ¿ͣʵĲ˵лл
ҲлңҴˡƤ¿ĨһѺ¶һЦݣܽӲЩˣ治粻Ц
ҴϢ˺һоҲѾˣͷԱߵһվδˮµǶʲô
Ƥ¿ͺĿһ˵Ҳ޷Ƕħ㣬ˮ¹ĳ
ˮ¹ĳһĭ;Ըľеһƴ
ȻֻǴ˵ˣʵֽй
Ƥ¿óһ̵ϣһں˵ⶫǴδ½ӡȺ򾭳ļרԸʬܳôĺܺ˵ɽСϪ
ҵͷǰϿӡˮĴͳܻعΪҫ͹ޣԺӱظʬйܺ⣬ںСϪ̫˼ˣôฯʬԣ
ôͣһٵóԶ٣
˵壬Ķᣬ˭Ұʬﶪ
Ƥ¿ͺ񿴳ʣҡҡͷҲңôĹҲúֻ֣Ըʬ
ֻԸʬԻģ֣ղųʲôк
Ƥ¿͵ˣȻֻԸʬĶҧˣͱɸʬˣ
һ
ţǹײǶ˵ˡ
Ƥ¿һɫͱˣȴûֱӿڣǳһ˵²Ҫ˵ֻš
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ʬⶫȻûûЩڽʬĵӾ磬Ҳһ㡣
Ƥ¿ҡҡͷ˵㻹ǲ֪Ϊã֪˶ûкô֪Խ࣬ǣԽ
ұסˣʣҵ̫аˣζҪҵˣԺҵ˾Ƶ
ǲһ㲻
ͬʱҲЩ棬ղ̧׵һ·߰ɽ·Ƥ¿;Ȼô͸ϵˣ׼ȷҵڵλãϵùֶ
˺ܲ򵥣پһľô򵥡
˭
ͺһʲôϵ
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ڰ£¾ͬ
Կĵǣ˸ƴɲһӦòẦңҲûҪˡ
ȳ֧̣Ƥ¿ͱ˵һش壬һ룬ҲҰõˮϢü
һ·رƤ¿Ͷ˦˺棬汾еһҲʡ
ոߵϱߵĺӱߣ峤´һﱾҵֵֶ岮غӶںҵ֣һұ㼤ӿ˹ҰǼֱĨᣬûллأ֪Ƥ¿;֮󣬸ǲûл
ҰֵƤ¿ͣ˵һҪһٷıл⣬Ƥ¿Ҳûܾ֮󻹶Դ˵ǱˮǺ˲ʡ£ǺЩˮ޴󰭣ںŵǿڹײģҲûҪôƯˣҪôײˡ
Ǹԣȴֻܵͷͣ˵ģЩ˵˳ֻţûκáŪԼᱻ˵񾭲ڱָָ㡣
ѡ
Ƥ¿ͲңƲϵͦмġ
ڳ˵ײĲˣҲ޿κΣ˵ҼһͺãںŵĹײģû˾û˰ɣֻһ˶ѡʱҿǰ嶼ĲðǸýˡ
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˵⣬Сɫˣſڣֹ۾ԾܣƺЩɻӡ
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ص壬ҰաèèҪԡ£Ȼڵ񣬷˹Ʒ
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ճȥָѪҲ֣ɫûɺԵѪҺһڣֻЩȻѪ棬ҲЩë

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Ҳ֪ȥĸˮƽһ㲻棬Щ»ǷŵȽϺá
صܾԺ󣬺ڻ«󹫼ߣҵĲŽƽͿʼʱ𳵻
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ԹͿʼĨǵĴļٲȻһſϱģԽԽ⣬ҰҲԱֵɵǺǵġ
ʱͻȻӵµĵ绰Լҳȥ˵л˵
Ҳҵ˵ɽǱֳʲô۶˰ɣɵȳ֮ŷ֣ڣҲڣһĿҺٺֱЦ

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ʱͻȻֲԾˣӨ׵¹£ʮಽ﹡ϣһӰӶܾ쵽ĿŨҵעӸС

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ĲȥˣһҰжҪ٣̣

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һǣһֱǰˮˮȻûжƺڡ߶ЩûȤ
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ҵͷЩˣҵڶִʻ㣬һǲ幫թʬҵǴΣҲ˵幫ΪִĲŻҡ

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ҵͷƶǶܿ϶һǣ϶кĶ
ţͷڴǻһҲûֻ÷߷ߵ˼¸ֲ棬ߣû꣬Ǹҵšţģ˵һԾͻȻͲˡ


ˣҳ׷ʣţͷ𣿡
Ĩһ㺹˵һԱҹĹιˣʵһţͷǿһأܲöԸ
ϸҲһţͷһ˶ܵû뵽һֻĽֻܽƽ֣ҹ֪˶Ӥ
ҵͷϸϸһ㲻ͷƤ飬ɽҼʹˣһһӤʮʮ˵Ҳٸ
˰ɱ˶ħˣƽȻҲѪծ۶ˣ
ѵظû˹ɱ޹˶٣ֲˬ˵һ뵽Ӥ;ɱҹֵˣеˣ˲ɱֱǷ
ҡҡͷ˼仹ǵظа׾кڣĵطзǶŽʮǰشûǴκƽ٣ɽаĵطͱʿ̤ƽˣɵЩС
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ֹһ䣬ԼûоǶĻ˵£ӿαϻϣܸоǶµķ
ЩŽľɵĿںŴеĸͳصһжãĨۼ
塢͡Ҹ˼ԵĴʿšɮ˸صĶ󣬺ܶഫͳĶʮ굱Уֱӳ˶ϲ㡣
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Ůµعͭţȥʲô֣

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ҺܳԾȻͷԼȥԭ̫ˡ
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عҲ
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ĵһ϶Ů˵£Ū׷ġ
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СӣǲСŪèǼˣȥû˼һһʱǸ߸Цŵһӣ涪İСèСһ
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ͣ׷һǽ壬Ҽæܵ棬ѴɨõɨѺýϵѪРµĺëȫɾȻװߡһǿܲˣһǲܷסġ
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ëмҳ˿ǹͶҺñǹŴˣҸ㣬ɱӵģҪǰˣǶ
һʹһ¾ͬɱӵģ
Ϊʲô
Ӹԩ޳
ұܵľͲţ¾ͬҲʲôˣҲɱ޹ħΪ
СǺ˵ǲɱ˵ģҪɱӣҪɱģǿǹɵǣ¾ͬëеĺҲҺˣһ˵һ߿ǹ
һ;رңͻȻԼǹƺҾƵĹؼ
˵ʵȷʵɽλþӸ£滥䣬ȴ
ҳı߿ǹı߾͵õùȲ˵ܴܲУֻҪѹסһҲԲɿš
ʤͿǹ￪
Щֻһؼǣжϲ˵˭˵ģ߶ѣ
һӦҾͲ̫ëǱߣΪԺ֡Щɵ֮ڲϵ׷ɱ¾ͬ˵ģĻɱҲͼı
һһҪֹܷ£һκϵʱҴѪʳȥȻһҪǣ޹ؽҪ
ë˾ҵĵˣ
¾ͬĻҲܾšΪָʹƤ͵ӣ϶Ҳͼıðű޴ķպëжԸɣ޵ķʸԱ˳ŵġ
ߵĻܾţƺҲȫš
ٳ¾ͬ˵һ㣬ëǱȷʵԺ뷨ҲǲҪɱͼıǿ϶ġ
ëҲ˵һ㣬ǳ¾ͬȷʵԺ뷨
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뵽ЩӾرң㲻ô£ǸɴǻҧȥɡˣǾͳûͻΧ˶ɿ
ʮƣΪϲߣ
⣬Ҿץǹĵĵʱҷ֣Լǰչʾͼı˵Աߵֻаƺֵš
һ룬Īķ̣û˵ĪͿµģǹаģ

ɽһֱţǹҧĲǶԵģʱһһĶȹҪˡ
عҺָָ͠׹ײģЦҲҶһ˦ͷʾȥ
ҵͷֻصɽ棬ʱһҲûˡ
عˣ̵ҵ滺ײĸƿȻ󽫹ײĺӱָָȻһ¡
㡭Ҫҽȥ
ҿ˱Ȼһֱ󼹱ವֱð
˯ײģ
ϴγ¾ͬɢףûŪ㱻ŷŨصӰܵľͶɹײޱų⣡

عҽıȻʾҸϽɽȥ
ͷƤ飬룬ܵʱҲȷʵ⣬ܵķɿ죬һ˫ȸϣɽײһ̧ߣȷʵʧΪһð취
ɣ
һ£һҧһž˽ȥҲǵһˣһҲûʲô˵ġ
عɽȥӲЦЦȻ󽫺ֵݸңұúӣҹóⶫһֱЯԱʱ֮裬õϡ
׼ˡع㽫ײĸ˻ȥ
ǰһڰֻʣﻹ͸һҹĹ⣬ĵģЩ
ţҾ͸оײı̧ˣȻٵƶֺܿϡϡǹԣعѾײ̧˶ſڡ
ǵжԱˣһܼǹԸоӵˣһŻ˹ײġ
һǧǹһǻһǵģܶܲ
İǣǹܿȥǹײԶսˣٶȳϵĿ죬ûþҲǹˡ
֮˺ܳһ·ԼһСʱӣͣ£ײķ
ҳһܳˣ
ɡ
ΪҪײĸǴ򿪵ʱȴͻȻײĴص
Ī֪ڸҿ϶һöʺӹײĸ͸ֱӶײİʱ֪ڸʲôˡ
ǾȻڶײģ
Ҳ٣
һһ飬Ҫ
ιʲôһأǶײĸʲô
ŵļæȥײĸǡȴָѾ׸ǶˣҪǣ滹Ӷӣ
ŵĴ󺰴У֣ع飬ǸʲôûӦңнŲûãöײĶͽײĸǳ׶ˣ֮һţκ
һˣôһ£
عúõĽҶڹײʲô
Ұ˼⣬𣿿ΪǺӻһҪǸҺҾͲһ֮Ūĺӣ
ǺңĪİҶڹײ
кһ
﷢ëܸоаǼæóֻϵƤ¿ǣȴûźţҲ֪ǰ̧ʲôطȥˡ
ýȥײĸǣϴγ¾ͬˣԼͨײĸܳģһȴʧˣûã
˵
һ䣬һɺܲõԤУŪԼֱˡ
һ£æһϵĶվϴǿһ㣬һǹҵԿϻһ۵ʿǰԹſ۵ԿȥģȻСչǸߡ
ҺԥСչŹײĸǾͿʼڣСɻСٿ飬û˵ľмһ䣬ܿͳһСӡ
ɾʱײĸͻȻôر죬ÿôһΣ͸оײؿһۣûҾ;Լƺͣˡ
ǰһκϮ˵һײڹײİϲʡ¡



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ƺСˣ綼࣬ˣлһɷӽҶһƬͺڰ棬ҷȴ޼¡
Ҳ֪˶ãҲŻۣʱһĨ۵Ĺ̵ͫۡ
ܳ
ȻһһͷһСĿĵײİϡʱһͷۻ
ʱҷ֣ԼȻڹײײĸȴ֪ΪʲôˣһĨ
һĭײĸǷԼһŴ£ӰЩϤؼǡԼͷʲô¶ûУҹ黹ԿֻҲڡΨȱ˵ĶǺӣˡ
Ҽæӹײ˳ȥʱˣǰƬɽˮôϤ
ɽ˵ķڣڣ
ԴһԺ׵׷ʲô
ΪʲôҪҶڹײ棬к£ҪʲôؼǹײΪʲôֱˣ
Ǻ򿪵ôб˾ңģں
һҾһͷĿѣ룬æóֻֻػˣȴûˣӦǱΪرյġ
ҼæһͨźţܽһƤ¿Ǵ¼磬绰ӶŶˢˡ
ȺһţȻָ˸绰
ģ绰ӣ缱д˿˿Ŀ
΢΢һů˵ںɽ
û°ɣ
Ҳ֪ʲôûˡҿ˿ΧϤĳȻԺѡ
˵ڴ棬ҵţϾ͸Ϲ
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һ첲ȡЦŵҺܺð˯һˡ
⻰һϸͻƴɶ¶Ȼ飬Ƥ¿Ҳüͷ壬ҿһͻŤͷ磬ֱˡ
ʲôѵ𣿡
һ䣬ȻæóֻʱԲǵڶˣϸһ㣡

ʲôԴˡԼȻڰ׹ײ죬Ϊʲôоֻǹһҹ
ұܾ֮ǰɢףҲǳ¾ͬҵһΣǴθţʮҲ˯һ͹ȥˡ
ȱ𼱣缱æң˵Ƕڣľϸ˵˵
ҼæͷȻϷ£ԼĻԭԭ˵һ飬׵¡
Ƥ¿һɫ΢΢һ䡣ĬˣǻƴҺӣûͷûβ˵һ䣺ߣѭ֮
ͣһ¡ƺʲôǰϸҵһᣬͷдǻ䡣
ʲôұ﷢ëһץסʡ
ƴɵͥ죬͸Ѫ⣬仯
ǧտ񱼶Լµľ귽ʲôӣʲôԶʲôëҪѲյöࡣ
һСľ͵ûɢ
òǡϸɫһ䣬ܵ˵һ䣬ȴͣסˡ
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λӰƤ¿˵һ䡣
һĭæʣѵҵ˻걻
Լ˻겻Ǹôӵ˻ȴϣǱĳڳҾȺӵʱ˻껥ˣҲλӰ
ҵĻһڣҾʶ˲ԣΪұλӰĲꡣ˻꣬ƴ˵ҵ⡣
ǡǡ෴˻걻ˣҲˣƤ¿ͳһ¡
ȻԤУ֪𰸵һ˲䣬һûͦסһƨڹײıϡ
үģ
˻껹ûһءֱˣ
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걻꣡
ΪѺһˣܽԼ˻лȴû뵽һ٣ٶķת䡣¸㣬˻ûˣûˣ
𼱣»֤һʹˣҲҳǺ˭ġ缱æ˵
ҵͷ񻯵һѾûκأֻӲͷƤӭȥ׷ô֤˵õϲ飬Ҫ׼㶫
ţҺȻش壬ϸƤ¿˵ڹײġ
·ϣְëкͳ¾ͬǻ𲢵ºһ£ʣĻԺͺӲô
绺ͷ˵пܣӳ¾ͬµļǿܽˣڽֹͭű򿪡
üͷһ㵽ҵĲ²ˣ¾ͬȷѾ̬ˣԶҪͭţ
ֻҺ֣Ϊʲôң
ͭŵһֱŮˣаëǮϵҪ򿪣ֹˡ
뵽⣬Ҿͭ浽ʲô
ɫ΢΢һ£˵ͭĵʲô˭Ҳ֪ƺغˣǰҲźйء
ͭǲǻѣʡ
ΪħĳƺţдӣҲǹħЩʲô𡣻£ҲҪͭŵʱ쵽һƵĿ־壬װġ
ҡͷ˵˵һغܶ˵ˣҲ㡣
･һ˿򣬻ģңҲǺңصͭš
ʱȳ꣬ͼܹؼϵһ𣬵һħңڶֻŮ˿ֹĺ棬Ǵӣŷ
ؼģͭƺûôңԶΪһСӣƺһЩͭŵĿ
Ůƴ



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ţҺǶˮ·
ǵһηѹ׵λãҲҺͺ÷صĹײһͬˮĵطǸҪҺȻˮ̣Ҳֵġ
֮ÿܻᷢһЩ˾㤵Ĺ£ڼʹߣ컯գҲЩš
翴ҵɫôˡ
һĭͰ﷢ֶһ飬˼ǣˮĺһʱͣסˡ
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ҲȥЩëΪԼġӰӡЦҵʱûЦ˵ЦˣȫŵĸƵġ
ˮɺܻʣɫûˮϪǱô͸ܸоˮƺһϪ֮ʲôҲˡ
翴ɫһ䡣뿪ڣæҡҡͷʾұ˵ȻֱӶŶ
ұŪ﷢ëûʣֱһΣˣһ˵ȷʵһĴڡ
ʲô᲻̻ɵȻһ

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ô˵һͷˮ
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ѹң˵ˮ϶̣Ҳ˭ȥʲô¶ûУŪôĶ֪
翴ңһ죬˵ܵɹ·ˡ
ҲûԼͷҧʲôаҵˣҿǸˣʣǸʲô
ĿһۣŹ
ţ
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Źʵָһ͵Ĺ
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ҵͷŵĴ˵ڸ񻰹жУʼ
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һĭֺʮɽèôľ֡Ȼϵ˺ɽһСš
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عҲ϶йϵǻ֮ǲˮߵŹҲعйͭš
һ˲ͻȻԼƺץסһʲô֮ȴһʱ벻ʲô
סŹ鲻Ҫ˵𣬷ȷˮع鷳翴ңͻȻ˵
Ϊʲô
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㶵ĵͷԭΪֻһȥŻ˹ѣû뵽ôͷ
ȶҡŪûϡͿĺȵ̵ݹĻǾ군ˣ֪ҽȥ
뵽ֿܣ̲ס˸

һ˵һߣܿͻ˴壬Ե޹ʧ죬ȻڣȻⲻñҰһѵʵʵĳ˹䡣
֮˵ȥ׼һ£˭ҵ꣬㿪뿪ˡ
һصʰһ£͸´绰ǵ֪һˣһ
ҵ绰ұϴһõʵҶⶫÿҰһץһѡ
ʱ׼ʱˣҼԵ֮صӣӻƲóһСƿӣһⲻϴβɼôϴû껹һЩ
ŴϨ𣬶ҵ󣬻ϣӰ٣ֻصĵػĹ˻꣬Ҫصö࣬ŽԴоչȴ󣬶˽Զ꣬ԻҲ˻ػҪһЩ
ҵͷʾ˽⣬ϴԻ˻ֻ꣬ҪҶݹˮһ¾ӾͿԣȷʵҲ򵥣ƽ˶
ȼ͵ƣ˵죬һһӰʩעһ
ҴӦһ֮Ͱһѵӷϣܸߣְ͵Ʒ棬ұ͵ƣǰճһӰ
ʱҷ֣Լ͵ճӰӺͨƹճģкܴĲͬƺвΣɫҲҪࡣ



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ҲûûֻǱ۾дʣһ˦ڿоðǡȻˣ
ҵɴ۾š
ӰµһˮѷУȻҵⶥ򦡣ԼӰӣҪƶҪ˵
Ҹæͷһⶥ򦣬Щҵ
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ܿ죬ֻһҲֱۣдʣٷǳ죬һ˦һ紵ϵ̣˾УӰ߻رߣɢۣת뷣
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ܳ
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ˣӰʵҵĻӰͨʩʱֿˣֻСӰȴԲҺͣҵ̫ˣûпܡ
֤֮ǰĲ²ǶԵģҵ꣬Ҳ˻ˡ
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ڣ໥֮棬ȴķ飡
Ҹܵ˱ѣ
ǵĿҡ˵ȱ𼱣ûŪ֮ǰҪ̫½ۡ
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һ㲦ҷ֣ԼƺԶԶ͹ع͡ŪãЩʲô׹ײĵ꣬⣬Ǻߵǣ
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ҸŶͷԼһܴȱݣ˵ʱ򿴲˵һ㻳ͷֱϵɵ㡣
еڵ֪ĴܸС
뵽һҪ⣬ǣǸӣ
ˣɢǺӲһʲô壿
ȱһȱ
ǣұ㽫ʺһ˵
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ѵͻȻ뵽Źǽѵ˵ȥĵػ꣬Źˣ
ȻһPˮŹɺ𣿻֯мƻʲô
ѵŹҾ
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عͭź󣡡վ⼸ŵ£
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ѵҪҽӺŵĵػȳԺ뷨͡
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Խ˵ԽãĻܽͺĶˡ
ͭǰ֮󣬺ģӦ֪򿪵ķͲǱСˡ
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һ룬ܶǰǰͶϺţ
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һû뵽ҾȻôԶıȴʮǰǳңһͿ˵ˡ
ʮ꣬ʮ궼ˣȴʮ˲ӡ
ǧ㣬ȴû㵽Լˣ
һĪЦͷ̡
ӦǼ̳׵²Ϊȴϡ֪Ӧò࣬Һڠ껰֮ǰһӣҪȻҾľˡµ
˵׻ôСãûһʳ⡣
¾ͬ˵Ҿˣͭžʹ򲻿ħǰ϶¡֮ǰѾ˵ˣؼǣع飬ر顣йʧȥЧҵĶǺܻܿ뿪壬ûǵѹ̾ͻɹ塣˲
˻õһԭ÷ɱǰǾ仰ôࡣµǡһˤĲ㽫ˤˡ
գ
˼ҹòǴ뷨ŲٿظԺҶְɣֻǿϧѾˡţӦʡ
ں⣬˶㲻ϣѪͲһˣﻹҵã¾ֵͬ
ҵͷ˵˵ͨ˵ñˣаȻͲˡ
Ǹر鿴ôԹԵЧںأֵ
ϴȥݱؾӵĻˣӦᵽں˵ĻԲζְҡ
һǳ飬һǳţͷ
ʵǿ𾪣
ǺĹ֮ˡڵ
浽ʲôͷôҾɵ
һּûд¾ͬüȷħǰ򲻻عĸ죬Ӧħĸֻǲ֪ʲôԭˣǸ
ΪȻĵͷħۣǸͨô

ҿʯϣʹһ´ӳ¾֪ͬϢ̫Ӵˡе϶ͨˣеŶˮ棬롣
ֻ¾ͬǿ϶֪ӦǸ֮ͣȻ֪Ŀĺڣһ㣬Ӧվںһǵġ
Ҳ֪ǲǺԤغ֣ǱּûˣдûдǸʺšûϵҲ˵
ڶԼ˵ǰѾˡ
һҵӵĵػ꣬ԵĻѺ÷صĵػҲȥħˣعȻ˸ֹаȱPعЧңɹ塣
ڶ뾡һа취ɱħΣպܼޣǶңǶеĺ˵ѾǱƵǽǣû·ˡ



һٰʮ£ࣨ壩
ҲúÿѡĬƬ̣¾ͬݸһѺСɵĵͲԶ
ҽӹͲѪؿȥʱһޱŤӳǰѪɫıĤĿͣƺҪĿŲӣɼʹϢ״
Һ׼ŵһæͲƻȥһ㣬ղ̫Զˡڽ㼯ѪĤϡ
ֿһ£ҷָղżʹֻ֮һѪв֪ס˶ٶǶڷ塣ĳͣһж޼¡ѪصϷȪһϵıֲϵƽȥ
ҿͷƤ顣оЩסĶˣǱʳ¾ͬѪصʲô
ѪΡ
¾ͬڶԩ꣬Ǳ棬ȴԶһֲѾǻ꣬ԲһֱϢĥ
̬
ûϢʹɲһܹܵסġӵӰ澭ֻ棬һֳӲķйһëϣȻëϵˮû·ɾˡ
һϣ˵˶ϢĿ־壬˱֫Ŀ־壡Ѫֲĵطڣʹൽµĥֹ
ЩûС
¾ֵָͬѪƮ˿˿Ƶĺ˵ǱĥԩɢԹħͿЩԹ
ԹҵͷЩ֪⡣
֮ܶǰԹزγˣа֮ģЯ֮Ի˵ʲôöһ񾭴ң򱩱ж
ֻԹ۳ۿɼĺǵһ˵
ЩԺ¾ͬ͵һԩ¾ԹءҲܲʵʻԹѪ棬ԩ꣬ʱ䡣
ôࣿ
ͷƤ飬жħֱʸеľ׺ˣħǴڵعȴڣ
ѪƮŵǸħǵĸ֮ʱ¶ѪϷָָ
ҼæõԶĽࡣ׼ǿźɫĶ
ϸһ𣬷֡Ȼһ࣡
һһһŵţģ
ҿЩ£ħǵ֮Ȼһźڲࣿ
žһȭͷСһһ֮佫һƺУͷƤǣÿſʱ涼ֳһЩѪɫľ磬췢ÿǳˡ죬˾Ǳʲôһرܡ
ǵʲô𣿡ѯʵ
ּϲûмء¾ͬҡͷ¿˵Ҳħ֮ģҲԼ࣬Ǿ͸С
ҵͷֽԶתĿ꣬һ磬վޱ顣Ŀħ֮ģȴƺʧȥ˽㣬֪Щʲô
ﲻһ㱡֮Ųֽ׼Ƥ¿͡ϸ磬лƴɣվʱʱύһ񣬿Ѫصʱн֮ɫ
Щ֣Ƥ¿̩ͣɽǰɫܳȣʲôôƣϸҲһ
ŮˣϵĶµ˵ʲôָšֻǸ̫Զ˵ʲô
Χƾ޴ѪأһЩɫʲôڵϻдЩֱӾڵϿ̣еޱȷ⿴žΡ
ʱҲŷ֣Ů˴УЩڲõԺԱߵĻͬԵø˶ź۾ͻȽϴͷˡ
ȻЩ˾Ϊ˲ģëһĻʹ֡
塣ڲʲôأֵ
ӣӦڲŷҪԸħ֮ꡣ¾ͬ
󣿡ҳ˳ǣҲ̫˰ɣзֶǱʣⶫĴڰ
¾ͬЦЦ͵ŷʵҲûôͷˮһơзƣɽɽƣˮˮƣŵĽǶȽκһֶ߱һŷ󣬾ǼΪá˵ķˮʵһȻγɵŷ󡣡
ⶫѣǳ£ʧ֮ǧֻŴܲܲãһˣ˵ãܹϵþͲˡҲ
ô᣿ҳʵЩܸԸŮ˵£;ԲʲôŴܣŴʲôˣ
һѹˮֵһЩſڵϱŮָӣѧһԲǣ
Ŵҵĵˡ
ҡҡͷǲƴ󣬿һЩרϰúͿ̻ŷһһ鲻ϧѪȥɡ㿴Щͷˣ˵µķкķ˼뱲ӵѪнľ档
һĬ
˵ĶԣǮܵģҲӽˡ
ֻǲ֪絽״ǰֳıɽһǱˡ
ԭҺֻôĴ󣬼ֱһԽĺ蹵
Ĭһ˸֣Ƕճ¾ͬ˵ģҲӦһȻγɵŷʣ֪ġ
ּ֪Ҳм¼¾ͬͷ
ֵ׺ĵعʲôǴ֮ô˽عֵ룿ͷһæ׷ʡ
¾ͬҡҡͷһҲ֪ŷԶܹӴĶּҲɲ꣬˵ֵǿתߵǬˡ
ǸǼ˭ɵģɽĳɽڻɽĳèǼ׷ʡ
ЦЦ˵ȷǺɵġ



һٰʮ£ࣨ
ٶǰĵģ΢΢һû뵽ǸܾǺ棬ֱ̫ˣܲС¿ɲһܹģûǿûпܡ
ԡ¾ͬͷ˵ҲǰּǵС˵ǿÿֻһ㣬ûȫһҿģּ˵ֵԽǿعתߵǬҲͻԽǿҪԸħµ˾ͱ֡
˼ǣα˾ΪֱɵģʳĹؼ
¾ͬü֮ǰҲû˵Ƿȥ룬ڿ˵ӦǶԵġ
ҡҡͷ˽ԽԽΧƺ塢ҡعǾһ̵塣
ȱãȻʷǰĵع֮Ʊ仯ħҸռȵãӡȻǺ棬ħӣȻ磬ǰǸʱӣ¾ͬ¡ҹҲϵˡ
Խٶꡭ׿Щ˿־ͷյأĻʵҲͦġ
ֿ֮һͻȻŮ˴Ķһ
ħ֮ӵСײĲˣûڴ
֮ǰʱƴ˵ħ֮ӵĹײӦǴӵعڳȻȥġұ뵽˺棬Ҳֻб½һڹײĴӵعڳȥ
ǿڹײģ᲻ҲǺĲãνĺ֣룬ҾͰħ֮ӵ´ºͳ¾ͬһ˵㶵ġ
µǲ֪
ּûмأ¾ͬҲ
ûмأ
ҳħ֮ӵĹײڳԼҲڳ֮ͷƤ¿͵ľĲֿ⡣Ȼ硰˿䣬ڹڣŮ˽ײĴ򿪡һеһж鲻һ⣬ԭͼƻõġ
仰˵Ƕħ֮Ǽ·ǳǳ˽⡣
ͻȻ뵽һܣ᲻һֵּǱ˿ˣȻ˵֪ǲģͱĺƤ¿͸׵Ǹ
ĻǾ˵Ƥ¿ͺǷϵӦںŵʱǵĲʱ䣬ҪƤ¿ͽľ⿪ʼˣ
ʮʮǰ
Խ룬ԽĶϸ˼֣
Сһ
ؼǣǽħ֮ӵĹײĴħʲô
Ǹžۣ
ҡҡͷûô򵥣ħ֮Ǻ沼µĺ֣Ǿ;Բʲôž۵ģǱĿģǹؼһ

ǲҪ깤ˡ
˼ҷɵʱ򣬳¾ͬͻȻ˵һ䣬ɫࡣ
Ҽæ񣬷Щ÷˴ͷʼѾҪмպˣҲǿҪˡ
òϣµĻ̫ƯˣЩȴʮֹܸоǿҵУȫȫһױȵľ
ϳʲôŷ𣿡һ£ҷ۾ʳ¾ͬ¡
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һΣĵѵǾֻܸɿ
Ҫˣһˣ˾군ˣ
ǲǸʲô취ֹһУЩħһѣǺĩա
¾ͬЦС´ʵǸҲ˾档ֻܵȣȳֻٶ֣ĻһҪǳȥıôãܶ顣
ҲЦһ仰ţŲлᣬ˾ֻǰڲˡ
ûпܡܹħƷأǷ϶˵ã˵
ûпܡ
¾ͬҡͷ浱궼ҶħóȻ֣ܱȵù𣿡
һ͡ˡ˵ĶԣôȴǲôĺҪħʱôöԸģ
ҲС･ĿʼЩꡣ
һһҧУҪȥֹǣ
ʲô³һ˵СͿ˰ɡҴֻ棬飬ڶѾãǻɱģ
ѽСȥֻ¾ͬҲͬ⡣
ҡҡͷ˵壬壬Ƕб¡ûУʲôҸﲻæҲãȥֹǻһ߻ᡣŪֻǲ˽ħĿֲ֪Ժͻ֪Ѷˡ
⡭¾ͬ¶һۣһʱ䶼֪߸νӻˡ
ôˣǲغ˼£ȥǷ£ֱԱһµʯݱȥǺңûͷ
½ݣƾ跽УתתѪɫķһ·Сܡ
ʵֻǲģô飡
Ϊҷּʹͷβƭô࣬ȴ޲ҲҷҲвʣҲһĴ롣
ұѡ񣬺ҲѡҲĿħ޶ԣһϣҲ볢ԣ
ҪǣҪһ𰸣һ׿˵Ĵ𰸣

ûҾתһͨͷȥһƬѪ죬ȻǴеѪءֻͨľͷ˿أȻŮͻȻȥ
ҿǽϣһʱҲ֪ôˡͨģе㳤νӽοŮ˵Ҳǳصġ
룬һҧһţ
ɴȥ
תһ˲ҷ˿ĳǱ߳ȥҳ嵽һʱǸҲˣ̴һվס
һ˦׼õĹ׻ҳһȻ׼һһ۾˹ȥ
ȻرۣĺѾˣҸճͱһȦ˸Χˡ
Ҳòͣ£͸ǽ֣˺ʮ׵λá

ңһС˲ɷס



һپʮ£Ľ
㡭ôˣ羪ʧ롣
ôˣЦ˵Ҫٲû˰ɣ
㶼֪ˣϳʧȥѪɫ
ѽɵƺܺƭɣ˵ɶɶۿһȣЦѣȴ
ҽͣ鲻糯˹е˵
Ҫʵǰ˵ֻҵģͼʹֱ鴤ˡ
ͼ
ʱŮ˳Ϊʲô˼ƾʲôͼ㣿
˵ֱ꣬ӶԱߵӳȥ
Χӵ볯ӿұƵÿٺˣûȴ˱ˣһǸղǸù׻Һס۾Ǹˡ
˵Ҹƴˣ
۾ʱͺˣߣӴӿڴץһѹ׻ҳΧ˿˦һʱ丽ҳΧЩҲòܡ
ſ
һϤȴһ٣࿴һ۽Գ˼ҵǸҲſҡ
С
Ůüͷһ壬Ťͷ磬ֹ
翴һֿۣԱߵˣûҵ˭Ҳ󡣡
˵ҳȥһĨϣôǣţŴȥ
һ䣬Ŀңòã鲻ҿԽġ
˵˵ΪʲôҪƭңһ
ұܵԶۿ΢΢һ죬˵ƭҲԣǰҿԱ֤尢òã
Ǽ򵥣ǵظǱô죿תͶ̥ô죿ۿģҲ΢΢һ
ҡͷҿ԰尢ϴ˾ӡ
ΪʲôҺҰ裿Ǻأץסشе©
ҡ죬ֹ
ҾĿǽϣŵֻҺҰ衣Ƿˣ
ҿһİϴӡģ˾Ҳһ飬ֻҪʱѣżòã缸ǿ˵
ƭңֻܰҺҰϴӡһ˵ﲻȺǧڣᶼˡֻгħͶ״˾ȥϵӡƷߣ߱Ʒʧܶѡ
˼ʹһ˵ظҲó
ڣ˾ʮǰӦá١Ѿѱһҹ֮䱻˾Ϊƽء
PǿҲܶԿܵظҽ壬һбĸҪԭ
ֺòãҵļңҵĸô޹ˣĿǶóҰ岻иĸֵܽãֶ¡
Ҳܡ
ۿһʪҡҡͷɫɷ׵
Ϊʲô
㲻׵ġˮʹҡͷ
ѵʲôǧˣԩҪ𣿡һƬ
ſڡɻûȫ˵ڣͻȻĵ͵һһҵ漣Ӵ˳
ţһϸϸӴ洫͵͵Զૡٴƺ˿˿Īĸ߿һب볾Ϣ
˸޾˵ʲô·ԽʱĳϣԶڡԶĵ͵͵ţͷŽǣĻꡣ
Ҫ
һһһ£ת塣
ݺһ飬϶Ůˡŷ󣡣
͵ڵعħʱֻεԶ߿
ȳشҴסˣŮˣ˿ȻƾѪϷƯѪϷʮ
ֲǡЩѾҫ۵Ѫɫâͬʵʻһ㣬ѪذסĹƾոʧ˸˸һĶڳͼ˫㣬ʺڰɫ
Ѫصĵϡһ޴İͬкһŮ˵һһţϵš
ˣʧ룬촽˼£ʧ˻һ
ͣҼˡܵľͳŮˣҪֹ
Ҫûϵһȥļһץȴûץס
һ˲Ҿͳ嵽˷ϣɾʱһɾ޴ȴ͵Ľһֳ˻ȥ˳ȥʮԶ
һǹϸ磬ŭȵС㲻Ҫˣ
ŭһһѽƿƭӣǶƭӣ
˵ŻƳԶһǵʯשȡʯͷ飬ǺԥĳȥͳŮ˹ȥ
ʯһӴصһΪʯɢ۳ôƮȥ
ҵɴ۾³
ⷨǿղԼȥˣǡҲɼ˸
û°ɣ缱æܹɫҰףһµĿҡ
ûܵѪرߣһʱ伱ֱš
ʱֿǸù׻Һס۾ļһ۲ϵĲţƺ۾滹ɾ˵ҳ˹ȥһ߹ȥߵԺǹ򿪱վҪŮ˿ǹ
ʯͷУӵаɣ
ɻûü۰ǹֱˣƤ¿ͣüң˵С嶯ûõģԷħһûܽͣ
ƾʲô㣬ҲǸƭӣҸľҪȥǹ֧Ƥ¿һѽҰסСǴûҪ㣬ҲûҪ壬򶨵㣡



һپʮһ£ħ
㵹˵˵ΪʲôҪǰħԵĺʡ
Ƥ¿һüû˵
ƭӣ
һƿС϶Ҵ壬¾֮ͬǰ˵˵ҴǹŴĻʼһʲô֣еֻ档
һħĻǣһдá
ΪˡǿԲܺ˵
һǧڣԩͬһ㣬Ժԥ
ˣ
ʱŮ˵ͻȻø߿ҲӼ٣ʱħ⻪ţЩֵͬһ㣬ڱáû˫Ҳڻ֣ת
𾪵ĻǵϵİͼѪɫԭĹâҲ
ЩѪеĶƺѹˡƽȥ΢΢ţһŨҵѪζ
ͬʱˣˣһһǿѪϷഫÿһ£شݺݵôĿһֻԼһ¾ͿϢˣͣˡ
쳷
Ƥ¿ɫһ䣬ҾȥҲҡ
ǣڵ˶ĵܣһֱ˵棬оźһ㣬ܺˡ
վԶԶȥַħеŮƺҲܣӲĻζ˼£Ȼ˼ѹʮ
ʹӳܲסĵȴ˿ңά֮ǰĽࡣ
һҲòϣŮȷʵǿѹֿԽ¾ͬѹһƢûУ޻֮
ƾһݶԿʵĲһ㡣
վͻȻԱ߲ԶһϤĶ
ħ֮ӵĹײģ
ʱͷڴ롣һ˿˿ŨҵѪ͸׶ҲͶʮ
ײ˺ܶѪɫķϸϸһְţԱĸԱߣҿ۾ﶼ·˾֮ɫ
ײĲԾﰵһʱֲ֪ⶫǸʲôġǺµĺô
˹̧ͷϣĿңħһͣģƷҲãɱҲãǲúµġ
ҿϤȴôҲһ̣Լȫ·ʧȥʣ˾ӡô죿
һϴӡģʲôҡᶨ˵
üٻأҲֻˣͷ
ֻ涼ûе飬а취ô¹ص˾ôý
ڰһĬˡ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôԡ
䡱һʱ֮ٴδ
һӿɽһѹ߼Ĵ硣һʱɳʯ
һ߶ɳһŬɴ۾濴ȥ
˿̷ħУһޱīĺһһӿơΧŮ˼һ䣬˵˷棬ٸˡ
ħҲӦ䣬â貣ʹˣȻ޷͸īĺ
ôһСŵĺֱӽĹ⻪ƺȥˡ
಻ϵºĹģԽԽұ˺ܵʱȥī֭ǰĳǳ
Ũħϸ羪̾һɫ䡣
Ƥ¿ҲͬɫһԤƵĻҪǿ󣬱׼
ôˣͷһ
ڵȨ຦ȡᡣħ㱻Ҳȫù쭣һǰ֮£һڽǰĴɱ䣡
ƴɵħǰɱưܡħҲһشû뵽ڻơ
ô죿𣿡ҶʱˣһƷܳȥɱ䣬ǳͿҪˡ
˵ꡣͻȻͼһ貵Ĺ⣬һźţռռ䣬ͬʱŨŨĺС
ǡ۾Ҿһô
ܿ죬Ѫ۵ɨ˹ɨϡһֻԼʲôҪȥ⣻ƮƮĺʧˡ
ſ
ǰûҸߣ㼱æסҵ۾
ⱻضϣҸоҪĶһ¾˻һֻع
Ҳ˸ڴڵĴʣǵʲô
ħѪۣܶſǻɳȥزҪɢˡ

ҾӶȥôɨһ˾Ҫ壿Ҫǵ˭һۣǲˣ
˭˭˭˭ɢ
ôʲôҪôôᱻһô
Ⱥɨȥ֮ſңֳڿȥ
ʱ֣⼯Ůϣ⻪Ѿ޷ֱӵĵزĺɫħȴӿˡ
𣡡
һޱȵͳľ޺ħʣ˭Ҵ޳˯
ŮҲǿЩȵҵðֻħƾΪ
вޣħħѹŮˡ
ŮƺЩסһ˶ħδҵҲһ֮
һ֮ٺٺٺ١ħЦֹЦһ͵һգŭȵƾҲҪ޵Ļ꣬ԲֻŨŨħһֻ޴ħצݺݵһץڷϡ
̡
ⶪһͷƤʴͼ޴ķħһ𲻶ƺʱҪƵ
һɤۣүģǿ
ֲޱȵķħǰ͸ֽһһڶνŴ˳ĸֱһ޽Ĵڡ



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ϸſڣشȴħʢһ˲ͼѪĹħŷɳ˴ȥˡ

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֮ǰPҲħĶ֣ħ⵽ش֮شѾ;ƿݡŮ˶ܣPǾֻ·һˡ
ͣģǳֱ֮ͭ㣬Ȼ˵ڶ㡣·ϵǾͷսĺۼŮûסħˡ
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ҹɫ٣һļžһ˿ûУƺˡ



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ʱ߲ӥͻȻ˼ܾӡ
ҼæŤͷĶϵӲԾµͷ˹ͷ̬
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û˵úõ칷Խȥ³ͱѪɫ
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ҳԾǣPߵӱ߲ûͣ£ͳڵĵطҧ˹ȥ֡



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ʱ򿴣ԺҲĳ嵽ħ֮Աߡ

ŲԺһͬ׹ЯƥƺһʱɳʯֻĤһۣԴͬһ㡣ǰһκڡ
׵ĲԺײˣֱӱѪɣʮ֪
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ħͻȻٺٵЦԽԽΪ˲ĴЦҲн죡ڣҲн죡ͬޱȸƣָͬ׹βҶо͸оԼƺҲ߬סһʮܡ
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죬δ˵ʱ
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˿̡ţͳŲPӸһ˫˶ţ۶ź棬Ϲţ˾ţ˾û㣡
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ľѵħ˵ݺĺպյĵظǧţͷ֮׵ţͳ죬ΪСţӣ
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ѪһֻһޱȳƵ죬ţͳ쾹Ȼɵĵŵŵȥһȣ粽ֱ˵˴档
ϷΪ೤˶ٱأأЦһ
ݵò񣡡ţͳ߳ŭֲһָ棬ҲѾ;ƿݣҵҪܳŵ˼ʱ˵꣬һŤһ磬źѹȥȻȡ֮ǰľ飬ٸκνĻᡣ
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ѵǺ汳ħԭ򣿡𾪲ѣȷʵħ֮ĿңҲȫͱˣ档
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Ҳһ䣬ʱǾϻΪΪ
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Ҳһ䣬ԭȽӴţͷʱ;˾˺ܲЯ˽ļһûд˵еô
ԭһ룬ǲţͳ˺棬ץħлͺ棬ӡ͸ñϴˡ
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ﻹħ֮ģͻȻðһǿޱȵܿתһƵ


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һҹûۣɽ·Сʱһʱе㿸סˣֱ飬ҲĴӣֵڻĽҰҹˡ
Ҳģ˦˦ͷϵĺǵһӵġòе߲ˡ

һʯͷʵڶסˣóˮ˼ڡҲ۵òУѰڵһƨȥ
ϢƬ̣ҺȻղķƺʲô

ԽԽǹС
ףйУǲǴӵˣҾһ
Ҫȥӵ
·ȥҲˬ̱ڵϸ붯
Уȥ
˵ͳʱ·ȥһʧһСº档
ֹܿ˻ݡһ߳ҷɱһߴ𣺡ܣǣǹˣ
Ҳ٣
Ҽ˸ͳǰ񱼣ӽ
һλͷ֣Ȼ˲ٴ족Ʒˣǰ˻һǣһƥǹ׷ٹ
ҿǣҲǣ˼վסǲͣɴཫǹĹһţʱƥǹͽųҺӿ׷
վܲȣǹԽ׷Խ
ӣ취
Һ󼹱ವֱðǹҪܱ˺һ
ôʲô취Ҳˡ
֮һӣҪ̱ʱǰչһ棬ͻȻһӣҴϲӣкӣ

Ӷ˵ӱ͵һԾһͷ˺ˮҼæҹҲһͷȥ
ˮٲ죬һˮǱһãҹں⣬ﹾֱðҲ֪ˮզ
䣡
ʱͻȻԶˮһȻһɾ޴ѹ˵һ¾ʧˣǰһƬڣԴʲôصһ¡
ը
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￩һֱӳ˹ȵס
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ҿҧҧǵʲôˣץǸʲô
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ʲôһһɫһ䣬졣ȷʵѾٽʱҹˡ
ѶǺ޼ֵ޹ش󰭡
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ﰵһϲȻ֪кŮȴ֪Ů̫ϸһԥˡ
˶һҧã˵Ļߺߣ
˵ָӶ·Ը׼һߣ
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´Ӧһ⿪ӴȥˣӻͷһۣҸһɫӻͷ
Ȼǵںܿ죬Ҿгӷѡ
ֹһԱһ˵ֻˣڵõǵʾߵԱߣֻҶߣ洫ӵӣҰȫˣҧҧͦסȥȱ
ã죡һһ䡣ֻ֮㱻ˡ
ô˵𣿡˫ֽǰ
ҡҡŪĶ죬˵ͦģܻ𣿡
ʱ䣬һһ롣ȻҵĴ㣬ֳһ˿ͣûзִ˸ɫ
ܽˣĸһ㣬Ҷһŵ档
ʹŤŤ۵ֵ֧̰ɣԴһŽ֪ô˵𣡡
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Сģ
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ɫ䣬æͳǱ߳˹ȥ
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Ŀɿڴ֪׿ʲôͬʱҲоһ˿ԾˣӣʱӦû𼱻ǵܹŷԸ
ģһٻӰһϮ¡¶һ˵ߡ
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ġϢߣǻԲβȼ򻹿һ֡
о仰ô˵⣬ƨɿ磬ɣ
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߽ң˵Ѭκģֻߵϣɻӡôˣ
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⣬Ƕͷϻһʺʺ֬ӡŷ죡
ͷƤ飬̲סȥǵĲӡѾûˣͨ巢Ĳˡ
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֮ǰ˵֬£ȥˡæ񱼣ھһ𱭳ʱԼİڼʻ档
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ûգ̹һЩĶҲԿĳﲻȫҲܲô֪࣬ǻ᲻
һ·ϾɵĹ·ƽ̹ҲûʲôѶȣֻҲ̫ỻԸɴһʹţۡ
·Ժѡһ˴ŰСʱһ·ڷʱʱгǱ³һ⣬ֱ˾ȥҹС



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˳һֵҹ֮һȺһ£ҵһֻĵ˽ȥֱӶϰ˵һֻ
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װʱ֡ϰ忴Щһ˿Ц
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ΧȦڲϣֻҲûˣһͨѶ¼ȻæӲ˹ȥ
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ʱѾ˵ˣŸա
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ڴƬһĿĿĿÿڷֱǳ԰áбȡÿĿһĿŸĿ
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֮ʽѾֹۣܲ
ҽһŰ纣߷ˣ˶ͷӣүûֱӽȥѾǴ纣Ǹܴ˺֮Ҳ纣Ҹ
ԣ԰ߵĴľƿҪԻһ㡣˵ģơҲûװ

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ֻѪ˿쭣ֱӱ飡
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˿ֲǣ˺֮󣬱㽫ӵԼϣҺܿˣθǱһ֡ȥֽҲ
ϸ翴һĻҲ۽ֱһаʬȽϼеĵطս׳ܽϱ۲֫Լ壬γʬ֣ѱɱ
ͷƤ飬˿ʬѾüˣÿɱһˣѪҺ罦ϾͻᱻɽȥԽԽͣѾһ֪ôݵĹִָԲģŸѪȶˡ
ʬʬ̵ͬʱϣ纣Ǵֲϼҡ
죬纣ʱ
µĴĿСĿӵڲϵ֯Ŀֳֹ󲻶ϳʬΧȥСĿָԶʬתͷɱЩʵϲʬ̡
ĿеʬһӴ̾ͷըÿһԽըȱһ֣ľ
ʬ̺ʬʲô𣿡
ͷĹϸ׷ʣ˿̣µЩҰǣѾŲԶЩ˳˹ȥ뿪ԭء
ʬʬ̵ʹӣǶΣchiһаʬ侫ɢγɵаϸ
˶٣˵ѾʲôˣҪǷսʬصĵطⶫܳһɽôеʬ嶼Ϊū۵Ķ󣬻һ֡ⶫÿһγֶĻҡ
⻹ʲô
Һ󼹱ವֱðⶫһ־ɱ˺üˣǻ˳飡սϣضʬ壬ǻǸʲô

ʱӽáʬը£̬ܿСһȦѪ׷ɡ纣µ߰Ŀϵķʬըԭشһֺܸɵ˻Ķۡ
һ֣ÿһʬը֫壬˿ڶһգ֮ͱպϣٶȿ쵽ˡ
ʬôˣ
̲סʣ纣¼ӻȥʬ³ȫԤ
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ϸҡͷʬԽԽ׾ԽСԽЩըɵĶֻȥĲ֫岢˺
ҵͷⶫȷʵѲӽڣȻδ˵ı壬ʣ纣ץⶫʲôҲһ·ɻ󣬿ϧѪӡԲʲô򵥵Ķڱصã
ȡǣϸ
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һǰںعħǳħ֮ȥģȴǳħ֮ȥġħǻ졣ȡǻ꣬ʬǾǱ죬ȡǾǡ
㲻ͬһĿģ˵˵ǱͬһֶֻǱʽ̫һ
ҵܣҲǺܶһ㡣ϸ˵һ룬Ťͷң纣ҪĶһҲҪģ
üͷһ纣׸ںλ纣ⶫڱصáҲŮȥ᲻ƵĿģ
˼ʼĿͶϸ硣
ϸҵ˼ЦЦ̤Ьٴȫѹһᣬһȡ
صͷֻҪ磬Ͳ׷Ź
ʱҲܹϣұ뷨һ˵ȻӵΪʲôҪȡħ֮ꡣ
ɫЩΣ˵Ҳ֪û˶˵𣬿Ҫǲ֪Ҷ϶纣һ֪
ʲôҴһӲ֪ǵпԭΪûʲôλʮͳεˡ
纣һȻʵУȴ嫵׵ܵܡииףڻǴĴĿִˣôܻʲô֪
ʹ㣬ûңҲҪǰ𣬷Լ鷳Ӻ˵
Ҽڵܣͬһ㡣ϸܽᡣ
ҵͷȷʵͦΡ
ڳһȥټ£ϸ罨顣
ҺӶͬ⣬϶űȺõ·ֻҪ͵㣬Ӧòڱ˷֡
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ȻǾ纣Ǹȥˣһ˶ϸϵСĿձͽħƶ˳ּһѶ̵Ρħ̫ˣ¶ڡ
ʱЩˣΪɱǶҰͷȥûγ˿ҰҲ֪ȥˡ
ĵǣ
һΣָһŴ¡
һͷȻûڹԱһĺܸݵ꣬ҰѾǿ֮ĩˣȻ񣬵ȴȳȣǰ֫ϵˡ
ǸҲͦһһûĺշֱ䵽ҰߣһѾһҰͷ­Ұһض
Ҽæ˹ȥЦźллֵܰæûҵġɵֻûڣȴתҵĻȻֹ
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Ŀԣ˶
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İµϰ壡
֮ǰڰµſڼһ棬ǴȥСֽ˹ֵһΡ
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϶ˣ統ʱӦһ¾ϳˡ
ȴűȵ·ĿľԲŪúһǻģ
ҲϳңĿ˿ңһ仰û˵ܿˣԶսвӰ
ȴԾ쵽ĿȻϣ



ڶʮ£Χ
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ʱӺ͹ϸܹӼ㶵ѯʵ
˿ĭ㽫µϰº͹ϸ˵ˣӹûϸôʱ䣬һ

ϸɫһ䣬ЩӣҲûȷеݣһ㣬ҵʵһ㡣
ҵͷ֮ǰͿ϶ˣֻʲôˣ
˶٣ϸֵ統Ǽҵ꣬һȥģûȥ
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ʱѾסˣ纣˶࣬һٶţЩʬȻɱ˲С֮ϻǺܿ·硣ʬ̶֮ǰһȺӵģϵġ
˼ͷʬ̣˳˶棬ûñ˷쳣ϸҲâĺͨҺǸݶʡˡ
һɱһľעⶼѣ
һʬ̾ͱ߰˰ˣʣĶɢӣȺֻΧ£纣ԱûԶ󲿷˵ĿⶼʬǱ
ʱʬѾڵϣСһȦɵĵϡ
ס֣ʱ纣һ䡣
ĿǷ׷ͣ£䱸
үʦڻûôʬǸ⡣
ʱ򣬺ɷߵ纣Ա߶˵һ䣬˵Ƴһ۱ϳӣһ˿Ц
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ɫһףүɳȥӦ˶ˣʦң
ңҿҲ˰ɣʱµİɷ
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žһһİƼȫΪ֮һ
һӡһ󣬺һ󣬰һȭͷԾͷҧȴһ䷴Ļ˵
ʱӳ˳ҵ½ǣǸ˽бõĴĿ纣õʱֵûкڰ˫ɷô˳ӣ˵˼䲻ˬĻ纣ǺˣҪˡ
ҵͷ纣Ϊȷʵ̫ˣϾĿ֮һдҲڴ֮ͥ´
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Ҫ׷Ҳ׷ȵΣ
纣ȻԸŹ壬ʵҲǿȴǸļƵˣ֪ôⷢ쭣
ֹ۲һ±ȵȺˣûʲôԵӣȵĴĿأ
ҡҡͷȴĿڵˣ´ĿٳδȺף类纣̵ڼڵ纣ϣĿľǳڿմȵ纣ƽ˱ȣĴĿҪôͶ纣Ҫôܿա
΢΢üôһ˵͸ˣ纣γ˱ȵˣ´ľշǵ˼

ţ纣ֶűһٳΪĿС¶ɲáҿǸý廻ˣһȥͰ
Ļȴһֶ˵ͷĴȺվȺԵ
纣йһֽĿͶʬüͷ塣
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жգ纣ʵ
иĳɰɡɷЦ
˻һڳɫ䣬ԲԾһ
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纣ͷȻĿһɨָųеһСĿȥʬ
һ¾Ͱˣͨһ¹£ĵүСаʮĸַ̧һҾЧΥģŹҡ˵ţȻڵϿͷʮˣȫˣͷ絷⡣
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üͷһ壬ǸǱĸղż켺ɱӺʬôʬܹסЦ
ѵûĳɵĿܣ׷ʡ
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СĿģɷɫһѵˣʲôġȥִѣô㻹Ҫɣ
ʱ˱Եıһۣ˫ȭķףڼ̣ӣȻΪʲôֱɱȥ
һ
ӻҡͷĿҪͬģԭ˵ȨڴĿĿֻСĿĿԶСĿɱᣬȴܶԴĿˣͷ˼ɻˡץסСӵģϾĿսһҲžŸ
ҵͷƶȵǺ͹ٷֻ࣬ԽΡ
˿纣űĸôȻҪϵĿˡ
һĿĸס˭Ը㲻ְԺҲȻǱܿյĽ˭ǸҿСĿ³
һ̣Ҳòϣ纣˵竣еģҲᱻڴˡ
үСĿֲ̿ѣ纣ĽŸధ󣺡һˣҲҺѪǮˡ
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纣мЦЦһžͰСĿͷڵϣ֪ԼĸССͿȥɣ鷳
в
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纣һСĿ˲ң
Ա˶ɫ䣬رǱǱߵģȻ
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Ҳѣ纣ԹˣﲻˣôĿŵñ˵ļвĶ塣
СĿֻһСͷ죬ҲκξƣɵɱӺΪ̫ĺˡ
ϸüͷ΢΢һ壬Ƴһ۲ԶıҲŭһ
ȥɣʲôأ޿ʲôӣʱ򣬺ɷһЦֽСĿһһߣȻϳһӨӨʬ˦
СĿɫң䶯š
š
ʱ򣬺ͻȻһżѹֵĴ𣺡ȥ
Ⱥͷ濴ȥǱ
˻һ¶֮ɫ
ӣҰһʬ̫ΣˣĿȥʬһ䣬ҲȫˣӸղŹϸļɵɫɿһ
Լȥģȥĸ
˻ϸƫͷҵһ䡣
ĺڰ˫ɷһۣ϶¶ı顣纣ϸֳһĨЦãȻԸ£Ǿȥɣ



ڶʮ£а鸽
ǰʬʬ
СĿſڵϣıӰ죬ֹȴһ仰û˵ڣȻĶȺ档
ȥ㡣ʱ򣬹ϸСĶ˵
ҺӻͷʬǱ߿ȥһ㣬ʱҲűȥˣҲԵ̫ۡ
ʱʬڵϢСߵʬԱߣ˶񣬽һʬʬڡ
໣
ʱͻȻʬˣ
ʣֱ۾һգ۱㽫ȥֲסɿĳλץȥ
ҴһҪ׼ɿһ˫һšܿץļֻ֡
ҪǣץסַֻȴôҲʬ·Աץıˣͷ϶ˡȴһߡȻڷתŲƣֱ۶黨
ԱߣЩĿԾҪΧȻʬѾըĲʣֱˣץסֻʱ⣡
ʱ򣬺ɷˡ˼Զñʬ
Ⱥ΢΢Щɧȴû˸Ҷ˵ʲô
쵰ӿĿѡ
ҲѪӿǴѹżˡ±Ѿһֻ֣ʵ͹ȣױԵ
бҪϾɱô
ҸղŻ纣ͦ󣬵ΣҪı俴ˣֶΣϧ̫أһʱѹˣºȴҪ˴ǡ
ӶǶԵģһִ竡ݵĽѹ壬ѹģڷĲûѹģƴֿԽԽ
纣ȴһЩִ磬ʩʿɶֵֹСå
ô𺦵վԼô˵ҲһĿһҲžŸ
ಣ
ʱͻȻһ˳˹ȥٶȷɿ죬䣬һ½ץնϣ͵һԭء
һǹϸ磡
Ȼˣ
һУϸӰͣѸٵĳԶȥһ¾ʧȥӰ
˶һ㶣Щ˷Ӧ׼˹ϸıӰȴûп۶Ϊղźɷ˭Ҳ˱ҲЩûӦɫɷ׵ŶϱˣϸıӰĪ֡
˭ڿ
纣ӦȹϸӰʧˣܻĺһ䡣
ɷͰɷһۣҡҡͷ
쵰
纣ɫŭӿ˵ʲô
ͻȻʬһУȻӣɽ´һ߷Ĺȥٶȷɿ죬֮ǰˮ˺öࡣȺһ󾪺ЩɵˣʬȻ˽תƵĻᣬˣ
Ÿʲô׷纣ܻĴ
ʬСܶ࣬ٶҲ˺ܶ࣡
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ڰ˫ɷɫһ䣬æͷ׷ȥֻǸСɫģʬǴĿ꣬ҲҵǣһȺҺľͳʬܵķ׷ȥ纣СĿţҲܻں׷ϣϵĴߴš
ҺҲ˳Ⱥǰߣʱһͷһ۱ŵ纣һǳ󵨵ͷͷ֣ʼһ־Ұһ賤˦˦
Ҹɵ纣
ЩĿȫ׷ʬȥˣܵѾ쿴Ӱ˿纣Աֻʣ¼СĿҶڽĸ·ûʲô͵ϮĻ
뵽纣˻ĺô̲סֱֻҪˣܾͻתҲܴ嫵ĲΪӮһЩʱ䡣
ܿ죬Ұ⣬ٶȵ纣ӺӽӻعͷҲҵ˼죬ȴû˵ԵĻ
纣׷ˣϲɲֵźܣ࿪ʼ٣Ծɱȫ
ɾʱֻ۽һͻȻ§סˣһ𣺡ֵܣЩ֧
˴һŤͷȥ־Ȼ֮ǰǸꡣҲ򵱳İµϰ塣Щˣ֪ʲô˼ȴҲҶ֣纣ںѺء
±ƵӣúСС֪ʲôȰ֣Ĳ㣡
СҶȴޱȡ˵ſңǰܿˡ
һʱ㲻״ˣ֪ʲô˼纣߻б
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ʱҲ˹ҡҡͷ˼ҷɱ纣뷨üͷ壬ҲٶʡΪ纣Ѿܽˡ
׷ǣʱ纣Һ˼棬ŭ
ﰧ̾һûˡ
ֻҪ纣˵ע⣬ѾʧȥˡǼСĿ϶Ҳע⵽ǣûôˡ
ΣֻúӶһۣǰ׷ܿ˦纣׷ȺСǲٵں档ϵױݣϳǷַӵ¡
ڳ԰ÿвʶˣӾ͸˵
һͻȻ֣ϸ羹Ȼֻˣ
ҺӡֺǺǵĳǴ˸ơ
ҺߵǰҼûʲôˣСֻˣ
û˿ƸȦӰˣ¡ϸЦЦ
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ղžȱʱ򡣸û¶ʱٸı䱳ӰģǾûϳˡ
˵ˣôôǰˣϸʵ
һ֮ǰԼɱ纣δ˵һ¡
ϸһɫһ䣬С³çˣ纣ôɱģ㶯֣³Կֻ㡣
ô˵ͷһգղŲǰһ䣬ҿ϶ͳˡ˵ҳ֣Ĳǻ纣ҡ
ƺûʲôְҲЩһ䡣
ϸҡͷ˵ⲻߣϣҲ֪ǸоûУһɺϢһϸһа飬רűȫģ˶֣Ǹаͻᷴ
ʲô
Ļһ顣
ԭˣ
ӻȻĵͷ˵Ҿ˵纣ǰƺЩԾû뵽а鸽ˡ
а鸽ѵ纣𣿡ֵҲ̫˼ˡ
ȻǡϸҡͷаרŸģ˼룬ҪôǾΪƵĲҪô纣ʲôۺа˽סƶϣº߾Ӷࡣ
аס
ͷƤ飬⻰ͷһ˰£Һ㲻һֽ𣿻˵һЭ
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ҵͷκιанͲɱͽ
֮ǰļҹһСҲһݹΪʦħҲ㡣
һ˵ֻ档ǹֻҪܵõ棬ĶʲôͲҪ



ڶʮһ£
˵ŻͻȻǰ˾ȻͣˣĿԶһʯѣʯѺкüɽд󲿷ֶˣֻһײˣɢŷⶴľͷ
˿̣ЩֳĴĿǶͣɽ棬ɲ
˼æߵȺԵʱ˵ˣⶫܽˣҪ鷳
󶴣
ѽҾߵˣϻʼɵʱ峯֮˿Ŀ󣬺϶ֿʮʱ䣬۸ӣӵǣĺһ˵
ʲô󣿡
֮ͭ㺺졣ȡͭӵ
ԭǸϿ󶴣
ȷʵ鷳ˣ

Ⱥ۷׷סҸӻйϸһۣЩ⣬ʬȻҵôõһ֮
֮˶سκܶڶʡʡдһʵۣƳʷϺպĺǳ
仰˵֪˶ˣĿӵ϶ʤʮھͷƤ顣
ϸһ£Ǹ꣬ѵѾ𣿡ڵʱˣɤһ㣬Ҹ
滹п󣬵ȴû˸ȥˡƺʲôɫ΢΢һ䡣
Ϊû˸ȥϸ׷ʡ
꿴˿ң˵һ䣺Ҳ޷Ϊֹ
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ҲͷƤ飬ֶԶĻǿ˿־ľδ֪Ķ
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ֻʱҲûʲôƣܺ£ΪҺҲֻάţɵȴԽԽˣӶĿʼˣ׵һ¿ֱһ롣үүһˣҪȻҲûҡ
֮һͣˣֿ˼Σա
һ̽ʮǰһ̨ϰ忴ĿƷһЩȥ̽󣬽ȥһûֻԼܳˣҲûżҽԺʱҲʽ򣬿Ҳˡ
껰˵꣬ǳһ
ˣʬаԣܽⶴɾˡŲ
˭˵ǣ
Ըүˡ

һҲĺ󼹱ֱðģ׵ĺܰ
üͷ壬ϸҲ°͡
ʱ纣ҲڸϵˣȺ׷ÿҲ˵ˡ
֮纣ܵǰͺڰ˫ɷֹ˵˼䣬ͼ纣ܻһȻСĿΪλ¿󣡡
һɫ΢΢һ䣬СĿΪλ飬ǿ̾Ҫ¶ڣϸ缱æҺӴһɫһĳŲȥ
ЩĿǶڿ󶴿ڣСĿҲ˳ĵشȥˣԵЩʹӣĿⶼ纣Ǳˣûע⵽ǡ
ŲһΡûԱߵ
ʼնûע⵽ǣӲһȻ纣Ѿƴˣ׸ʲôɻ
ҳԽӣ˵ʬԽҪ
ͬĵͷʵһкû˵ܽΣһ纣õʬľǡ
ţͼ纣µһڴĿСĿʼֺּ֯һȻֵ绺󶴡
һٶ˵಻࣬˵ٲ٣ܿȫȥˣֻʣһСĿżڿ󶴿ڡ
ʱǸ꣬ǻôô˲ˣѵҲˣҳܿһҲûӰ
ӼѰʲôʣʲôء
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Ҳϵĺ󳷣ҲȥնĲӡ
ӣ㿸סȥԸӼɧŸãԶʬȥˡ



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߳ҺӶһۣҲһء
Ⱥߵʱ򣬶ǳĬֱ˺Զ˽Һָָ㡣
ûñһ߹ԳȭݵܹܣձϣѾʮˣȥס޵ĵط
ȥʱ쳻ڷ˵Ĵ󵽵жˡ
ȫһ¥ʩһӦȫʲôУӾأɣ÷䷿רŷĦ̴ӡ
ⶰ¥һ¥һ֪Ҫ࣬󲿷ֶǹõġ
쳻¸ŭĿӣ쳻棬ݺݵһۣʱ򻹹ײһ¡
ܹ۹۱ǣǹģûһĸҺӽⶰ¥ʩȫһʽӣһЩ⣬Ҳʵش
ûãܹ˸һЩµƷ˵ڶе绰ʲôҪ绰ͳˣԱк롣
˵תȥ
ڿɳüͷ壬ӣȭһô
ҡͷСĿɴĿĿûʸСĿģԲ˵һ飬СĿүһεģǲࡣ
ҵͷͶˣһ飬ǲȫûбҪһף֮Էŵ̬ôҪ޶ȵĹҡ
Ȼˣһ˿ʵ˿ҺõĲУӣүӡ
ұΪļԼ쳻֮϶ҪͻģǣÿңֻǶݺݵĵңûб֮٣Ҳ֪ǲǲ˵ʲô
ҿĳ̣
⼸Һӻ߳ȥͱ˽һⶼӣ˶ǶԶ֮ȥȭȭǿҲÿλãҲᣬԱ߾Ŀš
ȥΣȻζ㲻ȥˡ
֮һЩŬʾãɽȫƨɣһҺ
һȥұ㳹ûȤҲˣʲôҲס޵صõ䷿
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ʾң˵ƽʱûʲô˳ȥҪȥʱԣ˵Ҳǲġ
һȻôߣȨ˵˾Һ߾ߣǵǵˣ
Ȼô⡱ȻܰϹˣִӳš
Ҵȥ߲ӥӻʱѾʱˡ
ȭݻ˹ǿһ㳯ʻȥС칦èžסƬ֡
ͣóǴ֣ǶͰéǰ
ǰţȴèźСŮƺڼҡûӦִ֮Ӵһ£ȷʵûˣ
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ǣǱһʯͷϵȣΪǻ֡ﲢǳʱûˣӦʱȥˡ
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ĶͷƤһ顣ʣʲô𣿡
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ۡһ׵ˣ
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ҹ罥ͣЪˣһƬţĿȴȥ˺üȡ»
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ܿ졣һЩ͵Ӱֳ߳ͷȣӡ
ڿ֣һЩϤɭ⡣
Һһĵŵŵȥ


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ԴҪתˣ˲ķɽֵôǧ
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ЩͷԺ৵ȥɫףһĴ󳷡
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Ҵһæ˞üëӳɨȥٶ̫ˣëֻߵһ룬㱻ոؿڡ
һʱ䣬ֻоһޱϢؿڴڽڣֱͬѨһ룬ʧȥ˿ơ
ӷӦһģæľ˹ȥûһӣӱ㡰һ˳ȥں档

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Һðңѵˠ֮ģֻǲʲô
ҿڲԣ亹ðˡ

ͻȻһϤļХͷϷֻһӰ͵ֱֱ˹ȥ
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ֱܿ˻һץ͵ץҡ
ס֣һȴﴫ
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ٸҶһ£ͱҲ



ڶپʮ£߲ӥı仯
ɫһҧҧ߲ӥѸٺ󳷣սſλòĵĶҡ
ţͼèŴСŮ˳ҲǷŹȣߵҸǰеλõһ¡
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߲ӥչ˷ܵĳҿš
ڵĞǹӵϢȥȥͷϲѡ
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ҼæȥӵһѿҶ棬һܶɫסͷ亹ð
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йҴܣ쿸סˣӼѵȻķǳ࣬ĞԶҵۺ񣬵ֵסҲ
Ӷȥæèų߿һۡߵСŮ˵
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ӺܿһɣϷɿķһĨ⣬վǺðԲ亹Ⱥ
һֽĿͶһֱۿ߶ңһﲻ
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˵֮һӰûé֮Уʧˣ
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ҿ߲ӥҲң۾Ŵңﹾģƺѯʲô
ЦЦͷһŤ˿ȥȶԱߵһϣɸߡ
ҿĿɿڴһﾹȻĻˣ
ȥǲǻһֻӥҲһ߲ӥͷ
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ô
ҰһϲèԽмȻˣƢ֡ʵ䡣߲ӥ㱻ˣڲ˳һȱĸã
ӵͷƺҵɻ󣬵أײӥֻܶ̾ʱķɣҪȻ̫󣬳Բ
ҵͷĳչصıУƺȷʵ

߲ӥƺǵĶԻϡĽ˼
ҺһЦⶫԽԽɾˡ

֮ĳҹһҹûۣһֱȵ
߷ǰף߲ӥ˯ճķ򷢳һ߿ļ
֨ѽմéݵִˣӶһһ˳ǹˡ
Һ
СߵǰӶϵ߲ӥһ
һûһƨڵϡҲһȻ
ƺǡа
߲ӥһϻǺСŮֻСŮһҪСһغ壬֪롣
šӶӶóһ°ʣݵ߲ӥǰ߲ӥĽһһŤͷûȤ
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Ӷ죬ִӶóڶӣ߲ӥ˿ֵĶӺʡԥһ£ջǽӳ˽ȥȻʺһ£Ӧ顣
֮󣬾Ϳ߲ӥҺ߲ϵµΡ
ӶˣһʵС룬ЩҺܿСҺ
ݸӣˣ

һʱŤһţƺӶġ
߲ӥˣĽһ˳ȥԶӵ
һҧӹС룬һ߲ӥҺһˡ
ȥ֮󣬺ܿɫһ䡣
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ܿ죬Ʊ㿪ʼߣԵý겻Ҳֳʹ֮ɫƺе˺ܴʹ
û£ߵϣȻһ꣬Ȼǿ˳
һȷʵһСָ糤򼣬ģͷһǳѪɫ졣

߲ӥ˷ܵĽһһ׼ȷƣӥɽɣȻȥ
ҿĿɿڴ
߲ӥƣ
ӼˣҲ̲ס۵һſڵϿ¡



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Ӷֱ֣Ȼı뿪ˡ
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߲ӥӵܲ⣬̧צȥץĿӣӸˣ¶ƨɵ
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ɫɯ٣

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һͽͨˣΪʲôҺһ棬ͺҵ֣¹ơ֮ϷŪңŴӡ
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͸Сһʱĺ棬ȫΪһ
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صȭݣҽ߲ӥٺãϸ绰ϴ˵ȥҲ֪ʲôˣĶҲûء
ָõֽŹҼ棬ϸһġɽĵ绰ȴͨˣҲ֪Ŀ档
ֹ֮˼죬ӹЩƣ֮Ҳû¶棬ұΪ϶ǳͻϣֵġ
ȴ徲Щִ֣ڶûҺӡ
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Σֻתϵ衣Ѿҵһνӵ贫ˣ֮ǰںͽӵ
룬ûֱӶȥáϴα˹ƣڶԹƺͶ£һж鷳ˣòСġ
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ղŵһʱ䣬϶ᰵй۲㣬һ֪ܴʲôĽ͵ʱү˲ſʼ֪ͨңһĺϸ塣һԽ˳Խ̽ɫ
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ô죿Ҽæʡ
ûʲôøӵֻǣҪٻس໨԰ɡ



ڶپʮ£
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СӣмֺݾǷɳһ˵Żʩֳұ˹ֻǿϧѾûлˣ
ûתܣ򶾺ǱߣһĿҸԸˣҪΧȻһԸʩ
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ʩӴܣͬҵļһεضֱӳ߹
˳Ƶرܿʩͷһ֮һɨȱ㳯ؿںɨ
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û㣬ֵɳϺݺݵ˦˹ȥɳΨһܹܾˡĻᣬƴҲ
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ʩҲûܵˣղ۾ʱ۾Ҳû뵽ƴ˲ҪҲҪһѣɳֱӴ۾۴Уɣ޳ܣҪ㡣Ҫ㣡
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ʩΪĿλĹ϶СҲôöԸģʱ佫ȳܰһӮ档
˿̣ѾŵˣȫǱҧģɫڣȻжֻʣµƺҲ˻ԽԽͣ˼ȴ˺ܶࡣ
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ҷ֣ĺϻֱ̫ˣǶԵǴȺǺö
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˵⻰һҹˣڹչҪءæǰ棬ʩҷĲŹģ
㻹ȵĵԼɣʩ˿壬ֱ̽ץ򶾺
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ʩɫ䡣㳯泷ȥٶȷɿ죬ܿ˰;ķ
˦һɲǣѸٽҷŽ𱭳ɱҶžʹǿһѣθһĵܡ
Ҫǣʱ˵ʩֱ˹Цܣ˳Ҳһӽӷϵ
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Ťͷ濴һۣѾʩսһ顣
֮ұһѣϮϻ˹ȥٻǰ˶һ

εģҲ֪˶ãͻȻһڷתһһ޴Ҷڷת
Ȼֱɻϣ
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ҳһĸףǲô
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ﰵţƣװֱⶫһŪܣһ֮Уͷ
ҽţлСŮӪ֮ʲôҪܽĶ˿µʮ²ܸԭ˵ͦȴܸоô㲻ǺС
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΢΢ͷȻ󽫶Ըʻһ˴˸ɫ˶˵һʲôͼһֱ΢΢һᣬתһȥˡ
ҵͷһǵĶøɴࡣ
㶼˳ˣűˡе
ЦҡͷڲǱˣȹҲֹһΣֵܡ
죬΢㡣֮˵˼䡣Ҹоĺܣ˿һɴѪ
ҵЩ³ˠ֮ĵĸԭǿֳƺںϡͷǹǱȻԭˡ
ЧԴۿۡ
ղŵĻֲһ˵ܽҸԭ϶˵
İˣǣ޹ңǸȫܿ˯˹ȥ

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ҡҡͷһ۵Сӣؿøˣһҩ˴ǮģΣ㲻ȫԭҲһ̨ף͵ְ㣡
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ӽĿ˿ң㣬կҩЧ棬ҴӲ⴫ųƻˣ׹ǣ
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֪ϰҩôʡ
ҵͷ˵Ȼ֪ϰҩųʥҩٽ˿ڻָסɱһ壬ЧЩҵҩҪõĶ࣬Ͳ˿ڡ
䷽ڹڿǾܵģعٹҪţ
Ȼҩ껨Ǯ򵽵ǸѾ˺ܶˣ;ع޷ȼ硣
ϰҩ䷽Ǵݵķȡһ֣һҩõġӵ
ôȻ׼⻹ǳһֻǽȡһ־ôķӣֵǮ
˵û׬ˣӵ˵ŻԱһóһīɫ˵һζҩǿЧģǣڸʯѨ֮УˮȻô㣬ֵϰ򣡡
Ҵһһ꣬ٵࡱ׬ĵ
һֻСֱ۴֣ͨںڣϸϸԷէһĻһڹͷ
ⶫֻϺһı߾ųطûУӵ



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ֻǸһЩҩģǣҩ˵ģֻ󲻱ˣζӦö置Ķ
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ҽݵĳӳʳīɫϸ˵ˮһǹһİ壬ֻûôšΪԸоֻģͬˮĴС
֮ӸϸӣҾ̾˵ҩҺ档
ҸоûôҲ룬ˬоӹǶ˼֣һ˿˿ȵĶʽڣܽ͞һ𣬻϶Ϊһȷʵ𽥱ۺơ
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ӽĿ˿ңҡҡͷС͸ʬֱӷǸıս̬ƵĴ㹻ĳУ»һ㡣
ʱǳ棬д󺦶޴һ뷭Ҳò˵֧֡
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ܳһӰװˣҲˬˣһʲô͸еĶģѵͲеѪԣʲôΪһŻʲô˼
˻Ϊ˿ôг𲻱衢ʲô壿
һʼ磬ǾͲ֪ˣҲֻǲ²ѣ鵽׻ôߣĿԴ¡

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Ѿˣ滹Ĵҩԡ㹻óˡҸԭǿͨҪΣԼĴξ㹻ˣŻеġ
ˠ֮ҲʲôѰ֮ܱǸ̬еĶԴβˡ
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Ȼڿ;ӺóԺúȣȴһ⣬Ҳûκĵˡ
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Ҫ졢ݡ׼⣬ҲҪһƣһǰһƣһơ
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൱һ򡣡ЦŻңǴ󲿷ֶͨˣֻٲйͨƵЩ˾еľӢ
ҵͷĶһ˶ʸ߽Ž磬һ˿ڻչĻ
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ҵͷĳɽȷʵܲһȻ֪Ǹʲôķˮ֣ȻǼõġ
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ǣЩ̳̳޹޾ƵġͷƤ飬δ֪Ķ⣬ԾЩԶһЩ
ҺӶЩţЦСģƳûʹǲ˵ġ
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ҲʱͻȻоһעӸУһͷ֣ﺺȻ֪ʲôʱֳˣվڲԶһǰĶҺӡ
üͷ΢΢һ壬ΪĿиܵ˵⡣
ǵ쳣˳ĿҲ˴ﺺЦݶʱĴת뿪



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ҡҡͷ˵Ȼǿô£չأһ굽ͷҲѼһΣŽ綼ǹܣֻҪλãоȨġ
ҵͷԭһµġ̫ϻʡ

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ͽżֵеĹǿֱӶһڡ
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Сһתңһ㶣ɫű࣬ҧۣ·㲻ߣ㴳
ɸ磬ʲôһСͷĿʵ
Ǹ飡Сɱһλһ˹
ȥŰ
Ȼҵǹƥ

ֵǸΧǸСͷĿкһʱڳĶʮåóľˮһ뽫ΧԾԾԡ
Ȼˣͱ߳ţҷȱʲôԸϽ˵СЦſңƺҴҵ³
ЦЦҾһ䣬ǶȥҽԺЩˣ
ôĻͦ죬㣬ȥʰǸӣСЦ𡱼ñôˡ
ãҾûʲôˡ
ҵͷЩ֦չű¶ŮɣҪѪԣ޹ص˾ͳȥɡ
СЦˣЦĺܳ죬áҾ͵ˣе˸ţڳȥ̣
£̨ķЩŮȫʶȤ˾ƵꡣǰѴŸˡ
СɼˣŭһֵǣҸ
˵꣬Ⱦ͵ĳк
ϧǣಡһڹһһʮֱֹնľ
СֻоԼһתҵ˵ϣԶվŵһʬ壬ôϤԼ̫ˣһκϮײˡ
Ⱥһ󾪺ţһåͻǾֵĴС

һӺ߳ưɡϲմһѪ
ͬʱҲоǹɱ¾˺ܶ࣬ȵ۾Ҳʡ
ҰͣӪҵӹϣ˳ȻߵܽĳǰҽԺ
ܽҵӣ뵽ʲôɫ΢΢һ䣬ſڣֹƺԥôڡ
ڳϣ궯ˣҿʼ侲Ÿо˲ס
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һ£ܽСĿˣҪҿ԰ʱסưɣһʱ䡣
΢΢һ㶣Щ⣬ǵһӡΧ鱨ʵôû뵽ܽȻ˵ʱ䣬ҪһûǲܵģΪ漰档
ڶǣʲôҲû˵ȴ׼ȷ֪ҪʲôܿɹǸ˲ţٺܻԹɫ
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٣Ҫʮ˸Сʱ
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ҵͷ
֮ܽͻҽԺأʧڳ
һصסԺʱ򾯲Ѿˣ򵥵һ±¼˵ҽԺϢҲѯҼ䣬ҪǹڴߵݣȻһ֪װʲô֪

ƽ˴ӣĺӻˣʱ򻹸ˣüǽˡ
֮ǰɱụ̂ӦѾȫˣ͸ˡڻ԰ס˷ң¶
Զȥ͹ֵ
˼һ£ٴתҽԺȥ̳һͷʪ·Ͱ˳һŵ绰ȥ



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ӵĺȻҵģҺڲҩ̸һžﵥϿġ
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Ȼҵ˱ˣȫѾĲӣӵ绰ʱ붼û
ϰ壬ҡҿڡ
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ģĺӺúõģǴһʼûҪ˺ҵ
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΢΢ü˵磬ָǮʲôģָͨ˵硣
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ҳĬˣɼܻжԹĳгûҵתԺ޷Ŷô죿
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Ҳ֪ôӻˣһ̫ǿʱԶǱϲ֮õķʽ
֪ǣֵһߡ

㣬Һʰһ±ԺˣһҵľưǱ߶·죬ǴǱ߲òһطˣһž鷳ˡ
ٽһҪǼǵùȻ˵ڶٽǵǾ죬·ʱʱԿХ
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ڧƤһ̧
ԣѾͨˡ˾ͷҡҡͷҪ˵ڧĺãЩˡ쿪ۡ
꣬ұܵľ뵽ǹϸǱ߳ˣ׼ȷ˵ӦǺ̳ˣ¸ѹȥû뵽ҸŶôԶôܽǸΧ鱨鲻ϵĵ㣬ﻹбˡ

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ǲУ̫ܲ󣬷Ķ˵ͳ켶ĹǲǿҲúʡϸ
Һǧտ񱼶


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һȥ񣬱ʮ⣬һСѵ
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취ȻЩãҲûѡѡˡ



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ʩӳ֮ǰͳȥˣܲµҲȥ޻̸֮
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ʩŲİסʩľ޼£пľѪҺӿһء
׵Ǳнȥһ룬ǶϾʩͦ˼£̱
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һկ֮ˣΪô綴˻ֻկˣԶڶկ˵Ѫ˽ûеõ£ǾԽȥģ˷ڴ
ڶŵùʱկֻҺˣֻǺʡ
ͨʲô취ȥأ׷ʶ
Ҹ֮ǰڲ߻͵͵Ǳ綴ķ׼˺ܳʱ䣬Ūһʱķӡ
üͷһʱЩ
ǳ綴Ŵ֮ȥ֪ˡӶ˼źıˣӦǹźٴʼ
ûдֱɽۣǿ쵽ɽ۵ʱСĵĹԱߵһС·ûýһСݡ
СʲôûС߰ģӦ˺ܾãֻһյ谵͵ھţ΢Ĺ⡣
Щ֣
ûôӣϡ⿴һۣȻϵСóһöɫķ
խָֻ糤ͨɫŤŤһѰɫķߡһ۾;ԴһѣΣǻһŤ
һźܹϵӰļպַѾʧˣҸ׻ѴǮͲŵġ֣ص
ҵͷæƿܿĳⶫԲ
ô೤ʱ䣿ʳ˹ؼ⡣
֪ҡͷ
Һ֮ǰ˵ⶫʱ˵ʱЧģȴ˵ʱЧҪһʱܵ綴ô죿
Ӳô
öӰʵһöƷݹżأӰʱһʱ䣬㣬ƷôҲмӣﵽ綴ſӦùˡæ͵
ҺһҲֻܵͷ¼ϣòˡ
Ǿĵȴվڴڳɽ۵ķ򿴡
һǱͻȻһֵĹ⡣
ſˡ
۾Ƶһֶ˵Ӱ֮󣬱˿㣬ҲˣֻܿϵӰӣֻҪ㲻ײ˻߰ѷͲᱻ֡
ҵͷ
˵дʣķһɽһĪĞܲȻ󽫷һҶͷϡ
ֻͷ΢΢һ̣ǰĶವһ²ˣֻʣµһӰӣתҲˣҲʣһӰӡǲˣҿˡ
ԼԼӰӶûС

ǰӰӱ㳯ȥˣ˳ȥ
̸ϣŶӰӿٱɽۡ



ٰʮ£
ͬʱҷҶͷϵӰҲһĩ˿ʼһ죬ɢΧʱǰʼģ
ҾЩԣ֮ǰ˵ֻˣû˵Ķڳ⣬Ҳʼģˡ
ͻȻ֣·߳һõӰƵ
ҿҲңն۾ҵƶƶȻƺʲôŵ̶ˡ
Ҳһһ꣡
Լˡȴ˹
̲ס˼֣ӰʲôģĻǼģ
Ҳûн֦ȥѯʡ
ܿ죬ҸŶӰӱ㵽ɽۣʱӰѾһ롣
ǰһʵĴ󶴣͸⡣ӰӰ´ΧһȦӰ
Ӱ룬һӰӳ˵ţţϤ
ûκε飬׼һӰĿյܽȥƿŽ˶档
ֱǰܣһֱ˲ͣ¡
ȫ֮ҽյֻʣһӰҵʱǰ¿ʼʵܿһ޶澲ȼųƣ粻󡣵һֵɽ᰺ơ
һȥһΣʼ¶ڻתԶŵĻ
Ҳ֪ߵ˶λãɽڳһ޴Ŀռ䣬ֱ͸һһϺĸ
ұˣӦһпյɽ仰˵޴澹Ȼпյģ
кܶ೤ƣҲֻһ֡мĵطһʯ̨¥ֱͨˣʵľһ
ҳͣף̨һڵУƺ߶͸ҳԾǣ̨õģѾһ룬ϵʯשǽ塣
һƵͷԺѵĳˣ
Ȼ⵽˾޴ƻսĺۼǳԣֲשʯϿԿצۣƻʱ䲢Ͽڷǳʡ
ҲľжϮҸͷСֳĶӲСկ˿϶֪žͲǻɣȷˡ
벻ͨʲôȻկ֪Ϯ
ͼʲô
ҳص䱸ûʲô״һ̨Ѱһ󣬳˶ϱڲԫʲôҲû֡
룬׳ŵӿʼ̨ȥܸоźУһ޵Ŀҡ
˵ﲻǼٵģûа취ǷŽĶҺկ֮ǷܹһԸʬš
²Ūû˺أ
̨ĺܸߣһС͵Ľһ׼壬˴ԼһӲŻӽʲôûУֻԼĽŲڻصˡ
ǰһڣǺڰͬʵʻһ㡣Ŀ͸
룬óǿֵ򿪳ȥ
ⲻղҪһһҲֵˡ
ڰһֻɺͫĶңޱȱŰҪ˶ɡ
ŵѪζ
һĦЦҸоǱסһܡ
Ҷͷ̲סͼˣֻ۾ҸܵĪΣںħлϣľ
ʲô
һĭѵĺû˵꣬һֻɭȻİ׹צӺϮץҵĲӡ
Ҵһ׹צٶ̫ˣûҷʱ䣬ǧһ֮ʣֻýһ̧ǰס˰׹צϮ·
ϧûκã׹צ΢΢һŤҵĺڵ棬һصʱֶ˳ȥ
ҲӾͱס
׹צޱں޾֮һɹɵֱ֮ڴܡֻоԴƺ챻סˣ˼άҲɿıĳٶ

׹צһˣɭ֮Ц
СޣסţָѪĨ֣
ʱһ΢ɳƣЩҵĶ䡣󣬵ڶȴͬһס
Ҿһ񣬼ѵĽӲͷס򦣬סš
Ч
һϣҾ͸оǹɴԴʱ˺ö࣬Դ֮Ҳضˡ
϶
Űըһ׹צҪҴڰУȴʲôֹˣֻȥһ롣
ҲɳƵĻؾһ䣬ȻӦڣڻཀྵ֣Լ͹ˡ
ұֱۣԥָϺݺݵĻһ£ȻѪĪץסҲӵİ׹צ档
̡
ѪĨڰ׹צϣպϣʱðŨصḷ́ʴĴ绯˻ҽ
𣡡λʹľ𣺡ѪôѪܣ
Ҫ㣡ɳƵʱЦ
϶ҵģҲˣ־ŭܻ
׹צܿɿˣ̨ϲûȥʹԴһ£žɳƵ˵СޣԱһϵơ
ҵͷһ䣺״𣿡
ǡɳƵ϶
Ұһϲ׻ûԲţĿǰӦ˴鷳
ҼæֵԱһ£ȻԱһյƤŵͭƵԱߡõ͵ƵȼƤ֡
ͬʱҲ΢΢һݣϵƵƤƤͣųϢ˵ġ
ϵƵĹ߲ǿȴ̨ϵĺɢĸɸɾȿ龰Ҵһ
һӵߣڸ̨룬ҡĿѾƣƤ޵ľƤֻİߣȫˣƣɿݵƤǰɫϸΪֻʣ°׹ǣۿҲͬԱֻѪ죬Ķң򳹵׳˰׹צ
ֲĻ£ǰצĴһǶ˸̨ϣ°ס
ʱõ֣Ҳǰ׹צֻֽš
ʯڵһĻһûһƨڵϡ
ͬһˣȴȫֳ״̬
Ƕ壡
ںǿнħ֮ڣħ壬ཀྵ֣űһͬսᡣ
Ҳһ״ӦǱʲôˣȴûȫɹԱ⸱˰ӣ˫Ѳֶ֪ˡ
СޣİɣˣѪȥһ֮׼æҵȻܼѡ
Сӣң
Ҳƾմ˳вھǶ̨ĴҲŲԽԽĺߣͷƤը
вû˵ҧ⣬ǰħһѪ˹ȥ
㲻ô



ٰʮ£
͡
ǰմѪʱðŨصḷ́׹צ绯Ϊڻҡ
Һ϶ҪҵҲ
ĳһæǰϿȥȻ֣ҲͬһڴϲԾʹŤһԣĬĬĳܡ
ͬʱЩͬһҲΪɢήһѻҽ
״ˣû°ɣ
һڵǸѾһɱһǧ˰٣ϲôʹࡣ
׿һۣûڣȻĬĬĳš
ܿ졣㽥ȥɺҲڻɫ˻ƵĻưףԱߵһ޶
ȻڳѪ֮мǿĸʴá
˺üӣ̲ŽɢȥϵŤҲ
״ˣû°ɣ
һ䣬мĪĸп置ͬһĴڣȻﱻڳӡ
էһĳŰĹ¹ˣޱȵ㲡ϸܲκΞܵĲҪۿͶණֱˡ
׻ҡͷƵĿ⿴һۣЩС޲կ֮ˣ
ҴݷᶼҳʹկҹĻش
ңƤ΢΢һ̧ͷʣʲô𣿡
룬ʬšźҵľƼ򵥵˵һ飬˳˹źһ״
֮̾һȥһ׹ȣҵ֮ΪŽҡ
Ҽæ˵һãȻ̨ȥˡ
˸̨֮ڶϱڲԫѰΪשʯʵ̫࣬Сʱһʯ·һڰ׹ǵӡ
õʯһ̧Ѱ׹˳ⶫȻһ׹Ƴɵģзһ㰵ɫһ֪вͷҲ֪ʲôͷƳɵģοɫƣɳ״էһ߲˰׹ϡ
ȵˣͷ΢΢ſÿסһɫĶӨ͸ĳֶӣЩˡ
ţȾͳʱ·أܿ嵽ſڵλáһִѾرˡ
Ҽæűһ󣬷һť״ĶһŤź¡¡ĴˣʱһҶ䡣
㵽ʲô˼ʲôϵ
ߣ㵹ڣȻȥӸʬŵʹߣƯ


⣬źһâͻˡҩζŨҡ
ǣкܶվΧ֪֧˭ߣһȺկľӢ
һӵĶʱȻֹ
ֳϰٺ˵Ŀ⡰ৡһȫ۽ϡ
ұͷƤ飬ûüڣźһССôȥģ
԰գֻعͷȥŭָţУðţ϶ı÷ȻҴ״˾ޣҿǲˣ
һ˲䣬ҩζʱŨҵ˼㣬һԲϿļʻź漸˻ߣɷĳ߹
һһڴˣ
һڣֳţе˶ϵİ׹ȣ϶֮ɫǹźһˣˡ
ţ͵ҵ棬ˢˢȥҲǹһݡ
źɵˣͶ߶µģһ仰˵Ҳֻ
һ׻կһźһƨҷһˣҪǺܵˡ
˶٣ҷ·ȡŵţ״Ҫ
ãȥȥϵ㵭ȥЦųҵͷֱ߽綴ȥˡ
ߡźǰм䣬ǵͷ׷ÿһɫҸȾèһ
ҸԴȺߡ
Ҳϵӡǣеû°ɣ
ҡҡͷ˵û£ɴȽⶫֻǸץҲô¡
ӹȣĿҵ֪կ״е£ʷļ֤
΢΢һԭΪⶫ׵ѣû뵽ǴеѹֹƾһȾס˹źһˡ
ŶС״ҰһԱû˵λã׵״һ飬ɫ䣬æǧҪ͸¶֪
֣صͷկһǿ֪ѾˡͲˡԸʬŵѹԵΪҪ
ҲҶ̸ˣֻþĵȴţźձǲǿһۣϺ޺޵ġȷʵ֮ɫ
Ե˾͸ˣֱɥ֮Ȯ
ܽһЩźΧЩˣϬͬʱԶ˹źˡվΧ䡣
Ƕʱ
ȻܶѾᵽζԣ
㽫һСʱ֮Ų˳ɨһۣóһźɫƤ
ֳһֹȥһƬźٴͷְλ̤Ϸһ綴żΡ
꣬źһءһƨڵϡҡһҲǸͷɥͷ˵ˡ
ҿһˬ쵰ڵõӦˣźῪžƿţ綴ڼǿȨźߵҲֻɢˡ
ҰĴָǣٴֻ֮׷źΣ߲˾ְ
˵꣬źѾһ˶ûˣ˶һߡ
ȥ̤Ϸһµļһ֣ЩӦһһĹźɽȥˡ
˵һ滰һ¹ź˵ģֺһѺۡɢƲãҲ档
֮˱ɢȥˡ
һֽ׸ıկľƣźĺٻ״

Һ˻»ص˿ݡ
һҹ˯ĸģյĽƽȥ˴εĳʹǳˡ
ڶ춾ˣһϢ˵ѾѸʬʹȥԸʬű̬ȡ
ҺܲѣԲˡ
֮ǰ綴ſھ˵ʬˣ˵ǻ£կسûϷ
죬ʽһ棬ҲȥˣʵҲû̸ʲô߸ϸѾүǱߴߣ顣
һټ磬һĻͶһμվͻˣû˷θɼЦ
Ȧ¶ǣ̲סţţĸʬ֪ϣûжأ
ҲŵĽˣɣҵӦñ㸸ĸ󣬾һ򲮸ɡãЦŶ˵
ˬĵͷһ򲮸
Цݸʢ˵Ǹ⣬ʬҪȻҪģĵ֣ͳսѾмأʱӦò̫á



ٰʮ£ټ
ҵͷҲǣӸʬǲʹǶͦ졣
֮һ󣬻תϣ׷ʣ״Ӧû°ɣ
΢΢üһ£Ҳ˵Ҳ϶ܲµ״˱ණ͵Ϯˣ̫ãǸණҪ׵壬ֻѹƣѷֿЩ鷳
ΪʲôҪ״ˣҼæ׷ʣĳǸ׶ûסһ룬ʽչ׵һῸס
ؼǣź֪׵״ΪĬĿٲ֮أ
Ҳöʡ¹׺͹ź֮Ĺϵֻǰ˹źͷ֮λ׶Թźһݸ档
ǶҪկֱ˵ػص
ʲôҺӾһһۣɫ䡣
կ
ⲻΣױ˶壬կľͱˡ
կһĴڣһԾŶŶʮ֮һס൱ڿկ
ǣҲɫ䣬Ȼ֮ǰҲ֪
ͷƤ飬կϸֵ㵱еһ㣬ͼı̫ˣϸ˼֡
ǿկʲô
ܵģ뵽Ǹ޴ڵĴڡ

ѵǹɵģұܵѿڶ
ŶһۣЩ죬Żͷȷʵǹɳצ
õ𰸣ҼʹԤУȻݡ
ͼıЩʲôȻҪпկһµĴıͼͷ
̸ճĬһźüͷȻǵѹȫڸʬš
þãɻ˵״˶ֵʱ䣬Ӧ˴ħǷ¼ƺʱʼʲô
֣
ֹһʻ㣬ԽԽ
կĿΪһֲ֣ǲҲͬʱ֣
˵Ľ룬ûбѾˣ
ҶʱһļƤ
ͻȻðĹƣĴӸ̳ʧˣ¶ıɽһǣȴ˾þõ𺳡
ҪˣظѾˡӰӰ´µһϢÿһ˵ͷϡ
ֻ֪Ⱦ¶ǲ֪
֮ѯʹϢҡҡͷ˵ʵһжûжۣڡֶŽ˸ģǹ֪
ҺӶһۣһ
ֶ֪֡˸ģһĪķ̡
ֳ֮һɢˣҺӻ˿ݡ

˯һҹڶһǿݵţȥţֹ˵˼䣬ӱ˻ȥϷ壬ټ㡣
ɳϣһ¾ʲô
Ҫ㣡˵һ顣
ҵ˻ȥϷ塣ûеĴȥ綴ˣȥžס繬
ʱҲڣЦźһ򲮸ҵͷ׾棬ȥɡ
ҵͷ߽Ĵ
ڴףһͷʾǰ
ǰĻһҪһЩϿֲҲԭһЩһľʵϡ
ɡһ䣬Ϊº͡
˵ǡȻ򵥵˵һԼЩҪֱ̫򵥲ȴһ̬ȣĺʹԼ˵ǲһġ
Һկ׼ϡⷽȻԵΪҪ
׶ҵĻش⣬΢ЦᶼǸõطǾڷᶼٴǸ˽ܵĸء
ҵͷᶼҲΪۺ͵ظۺ۵ۺͬԢҲһġ
ΪҪڵ㣬ֳŹء
ҵļǷᶼһ򣬹ǾڷᶼڣʮȻĹǺΪξĹʵһط
˵Ҳ֣ᶼΪصأҲҵļ硣Դҽ֮ȴȥһֱߣᶼسǶȥ
˵˵ϵѪô𣿡ʵ˵䲻ԾĿڵλһ۵ġ
ͷ΢΢һͻȻԷѾ֪İ˾Ųʮˡ
ؼǡǸǹצĺ˾ͳҪҵ࣬Ҳ֪᲻Ūʲô¶
һ£һʵ˵״ˣҵ౻滻ˠ֮ġԲܲرصѪ
֪ȴЦˣҡҡͷˣˠ֮ĲѪ
ʲô
ֱסˡ
ˠ֮ĲѪ
ôܣ
һֱҶΪԼʵѪˠ֮Ĳġ
һ仰ֱӽһֱ֪߸ˡ
͵ģԺͻȻһ
ع顣
һΣɵˠˣѪһǡعױѪѪعΪаͱˡ
Ѫһйамǿĸʴá
˵ˠ֮ĲûвѪںûУ
֮ǰǹ˼άûȥϸ롣ֻǼ򵥵ľˠ֮ĳںųֵѪȻΪѪˠ֮ṩġ
ھһѣһ¾ͻ˲Եĵط
Ѫˠ֮ĲģǻʲôģֵѾȫԽԼ֪
ЦҡҡͷǾ͵Լˡ
һôʣ
Ȼ˰£Ӧ֪ҵ˵㣬ãھĪ˞ܡ
ѵǰ¶ʲô
Ƕʱÿ˯ʱǺܿ˯ȥڶĲŻǰǰһ˰µʱ䡣
ҲʱʼԼϵѪɱʮ㡣
ֻǿϧԴħһ֮󣬰¾ҲûֹˣһֱæµʲôҲ֪ôˡ
˶٣ֱ׿϶ĵģǱʣ״ˣӦʲô°ɣ
΢΢һЦħǷ¡
ѿڶ
ԡ׵ͷ
˵ãȻͰڴħǵķٴϸϸ˵һ顣
ѾҲ֪ڼ˵йڴħǵˣӴӶկ˶ԴħǺ͹Ϣעʵ͵λԽԽˡ
˵֮˼ϸ⣬һһش𣬾ܵĸ֮ͻԭһС
ΪԼҲ֪ʲôͷıʲô
֮Ĭˣɫ࣬ҶԾһҪСģˠ֮ģҪǵС
ұһѵǻ취ȡˠ֮ģ
֣صͷпܣ



ٰʮ£Ϣ
һҶ֣Ǹô죿
ǸûĺˣҾ;ͷƤ顣
ֶ֮Ҽ䣬Щ̫ã˳ȥ
ţһصݣģײ˵ãһ˵Ҷ첻ˡ
ôˣҰѺ˵Ļ˵һ飬ɫһ䣬ҲĬˡ
ŵӣҪҲסˮڣרע°ɡ
룬Ҳˮڣһ·ôӺµڣԼмʱƽȵӣ
첻ǵѪԵ
뵽⣬ʱһЩ׼뿪կѾԲ뿪ˡ
סˣǴˡ
磬ʽͨύ˴Ǳ򣬵ڶ졣ᳵȥ˴Һӳ˺̵˽˷ɻϻ졣
ȥĵһʱүټҺӽ˴կ֮еһְү⣬ҵ̬ȳˡ
ȳ˳໨԰ٽ߲ӥصȭݡɫѾˡ
ϴ˸ˮ裬Щƣͽȥĸɸɾڴ˸ֱߺߡ

ڴ̨ϵ߲ӥͷһۣĿӣ˦һӰ
һƢԽԽˣ
ûֻ½̳ҲйشħǵϢȥ»ûϢҪ£ʬ嶼ˡ
ʵԽԽоˣܸоҪʲô£֮ǰүɽʱȻû˵ʵҲû׵ġ
ȥôΣյĵطһϢûУ˭ﶼֹ
һһ˿ңŽôҴ壬ÿһĿĸֳһ൱ɹ۵Ҫôˣô׵ġ
ΨһҷֹǣҪԵĿǹֲĴڡ
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һʧ㷭һ±ص̳˯ɾʱͻȻˢ³һһ´Ӵ
ӣ⣬̽նDMCգ˲أʽ᧿Σ
͵һ飬DMCħǣ
϶ǡħǡֱ̳Աˡֻĸܣ
ħǳˣ
Ҽæ㿪ӣȴһ±༭ӣûݣֻһŴħʵƬ
ɨһ·˵֣к࣬ܺüǣһӥ֡
ոռ£ҳʾӲڡ
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ţͷк㽫һεĵطʣôˡ
ġҵ
һˣЩԾ
ҵͷȻ󽫺İż򵥵˵һ飬ɫʱһ䣬ҵǸ𣿡
ָǰ¡
Ҳ֪ôشˡ»
ұܵԼĲӣλһӡǵ֬ߵС¥¸µġ
˵˵ӡڣĺǰ¶׾ҵҡ
ҽҲкһ˰û֡ﷸֹ»᲻̵Ĳ²д
˵ҲûңɡȻ϶еģˮڣ
ҵͷҲֻˣǰǱʱʲô⡣
ȻҲһҪɻ󣬰º͹ʲôϵ
¾ǹˣΪʲôҪֹȡҵˠ֮ģ
ӰùԻң˽ͽħȻԤıѾãôȻڿ
²ǹˣΪʲôҵħǵ·ڴħǶ
ƺһ޷͵ìܡ
ˣҩͳԵ𣿡˶ңһƨǽ£Ȼ½ĥĲᡣ
У
ҼæӰóһЩЯѹɿˮݸóһЩҩӴɽģ·ɻʱҡ
ӹѹɺɿ̻ʣֹ˼ˮһ
ЦЦǸ֣һٲԶûţ֮ҪǿһЩͶʱˮײҲѿסһڲǼˡ
ͷӣ϶ԼЯʳˮˣӲ˺ܾá
ֻһ㣬㽫ʣµһЩԵĺȵĹ££ЩҸǷˣһﶼ쿸סˡ
ҪҪһ㣿
ұܽԼĶ࣬ʡŵܿ죬һֻһΣ㹻˾졣
ôˣʮˣÿֵֻܷһһɿˮҲֻܺȵСڡ
Ҫ
ҡͷҪȥͱȺȺˣгԵҲŲ˶ãǶҲûʲô£֮ǻûȥʳҲûʲôˡ
󣿡һɻ
֣صĿһۣԲ
ͷһԲ֮ҹʢʱ޵ĵطޣյĵطա
ħǱǴ֮أȻ⡣
ĻԲǴ֮գûȥ˶
һҲӡ֤˺鱨
֮ٴλصڣȥһ򿿣һأжʮˣͷҲڡ
ǿﱧһЩԵĺȵģ۾ʱˣЩ˻͡
Ӵ룬гԵġͷһЦܹ
˶зݡһȻһ˶һɻɿְˮָǡ
˾ҹ̻ʣѽӵֵĶ˸ɾ
ʲôôô˻гԵģʵ
ѽûû
ֻ˵죡
Ҫʮͺˣ
ôôóءǰҶιģ

˸͡
ûˣֹˡһ֣֮ԲܳȥãҪǳȥ͵Ͱɡ
Ⱥ˰̾һȥ˴롣
ҲмȤ˼䣬żɻ;衣
˵ʳҴģŷ½ģݲݴкֿŻˡ
ƺ˵һ仰վһǶĴݲС
ЩΣŤͷҵЩʳ⣬ʵ죬ʬͲμˣŷھС
ҵͷʳﻹһؿǡ
ҳȥʬĻַӾͻᱻ˵ҧûκ壬󷴶ܳΪһµʬ
ֻҪ⵽ˣҲٻὲ
νͶұ־˼
Ҵʳˡ
ֽ֮һ䡣һ̸һ½
ҽħ֮緢˵һ飬һкկһУдܱߵơ
Ҳûж׷ʲôĽҲ˵һ¡
ԭǽ֮ħﳱϮΪȫǴĿʵǿʬɱ˳ȥħǵȦӴܡ
ţجνˡ
֮ǰħﳱɱĿʬˡħʬĴϮΪԶض䵥Ļˡ
ֲǣÿһʬһ
ʬԽԽࡣԽԽ٣ΪɢԶʬ͵ϮʱӪȵ˶ûУʧأʬԽԽࡣ
ġһС໥ֹ֮һϢһΧһʬ˱̳ʬλã˦֮ٻ
һʧһĽҲɴṩһ԰ȫĵطɹЪϢ
տʼСϣ󻹻ŵ˶ˣױһţԭһɢɳľ档
ɳʵȺȥʣµʮǾӢĲ˵ٶȷǾп̭ѡġ

ţһ㿴ֱ˵ҳʱ䵽ˣʹתҲϣҪ뿪飬ʲô¿ͷ˲
ҵͷӦһﲻЩģȥ֮ز
֮ͷкʱչңͷڴӦкҹȥһ
ʱһݵĸһ˴˽濿˾žʬҪǣطȫˣþתƵһȫ㡣
һȫӵϻǽĬĿʰ
ȻѾϰˣ
Ҿתơ˵һȻ˵ݺȥ
˵ͷȥ档
ʰ궫ҲߣͷкҸϣ߲ӥ
ܿ죬˱ȥһͨҪλãӸ¿ɿȷʵε˺öʬ彩Ӳ·Žţκͬȡ
Աĸһ󣬱㳯ǰɢˡ
ûãǵָλñͻȻһȥವĴЩʬԱ߲Զ
ʬǷĿ꣬ʱ׷Ǳȥˣһʧ˸ɾ
ˣ
ߣȥһȫ㡣Сݺкһǰ·˱һȫ㣬ٶȷɿ졣
ҧȿ񱼣ǿϣ



پʮ£һ
һѸǰ˲ʮӲݺĴͣѽһͨ˴εڡ
˵ط֮˹۲һȷȫַ׷ˡ
Ҳ۵ĹǺǵٶ̫ˣԼ԰׳̵ٶȲܵ棬ң߲ӥҲ۵ĹǺһƨɿĵϣҲ
ĻûһΣϢƬ̣Աߵͷ
ͷһһҲҪʬ֣̾ͻʱ䳤̡
ҵͷĻ϶ЧģʬȥߡʣµĴ󲿶תѰһȫص㣬רŵ˸ڣ԰ĵϢ;Ļָá
Ҫһ˰¶İȥܲܰȥ֪һǱˣȺ嶯Σյʱ򣬱ŷֹǺõġ
ǳ˴Ŷûأ׷ʣѾһ˳ȥˣҲ֪ܲܰȫ
СʱȻҲ˦ʬͿԻصȫǰϢʬ˾ٴγûоЪţŷڡ֮СʱࡣͷЦŽ͵
΢΢һСʱ̫ܡ
ڵʬ㹻ԶλȻѸ˦ᱻʬľΣա
룬ұ˵ȥڣԼȻǾ͵öеһڵΣҲĽ顣߲ӥڣǸŵ״Ҳ㡣
ͷ߲ӥһۣЦЦҲУǰڵĵǶЪһȥ
˵ãǱ㳯ȥˣҵݺķڱȽϺʡ
ݺҲһ¸߲ӥЦǷڵĺöҪĻҲֻʣˡ
ǰôˣֵ
ͷЦǰڵֵ۵ĲУʬţһս֮£ķ֮һϺȥģ֮һ֮ǰΣ࣬۽֯ķˣǰҹսС
ͷƤһ飬ЩֵʣΪʲôʬأ
ͱ֮ǰֻ˰˾Ÿʬȴֽʮˣһôʤ㡣
ͷݺԣһЦǿɬ
ݺҡҡͷʬǹ룬ˮ𲻽ɱһЩܶԸǵĶҲĹˣǣֻߵķݡ
ҳû뵽ħʬʬȻô
ţݺָһȥǣ˵ļ㣬ʺ߲ӥڡ
ҺͷȥǴſǰȻһεıԵλ̽ͷ濴ȥȻʺϷڵλáȻûжǰߣҰȴرĺãһ࣬ҵĸڵˡ
ȻݺҪλң˵߲ӥ
Ǹݺʲôˣͷһ䡣
ǶģһĻȣó׷ٺ䣬ͷ˺͹ǸɣֻѰҰȫغͰŷڡͷ
΢΢һǶμӴ˴̽ˣ
ͷͷԣ⾪Ž磬ǺŽҲˣ˼ˣֻʣݺһˡ
ǲ̽ʲô𣿡Ҽæ׷ʣԼԼģܸоܽҸȥκϢҶŹ
̽ƨѽ
ͷһ䣬Щɥҡҡͷ۱ڻҵģû˼ȥ̽ߣֹ֮׷ɱˣܲ̽ʲô
ҳˣӡǾ仰й
ͬʱҲЩҴĸʧһôҪ¾ȻŪӣúõ̽ճ˼켺ֶΣһöûС
һ仰һɢɳ
ѹںʱ򡣹ϸ˵½ѾתƵ̨̩Լһ
²ʮǰǳƽ٣֮û֮ЧЭҲǡ½һԭ
֮˼䣬ͷſڵ˯ˡ
ûһʮˣһĸһĸڣִռ˰˸Ҳ˵ÿСʱǾ͵óһΣڻ㡣
֮ǰͷ˵Լһûмˣ֮ǰһתתһֱûҵԶԶСʱʱ䣬ûۿǿˡ
߲ӥûˣƢڷ̽ͷϲ۾м档
ɡƶ״վڿ϶ɶˡ
߲ӥԹаһ񣬶Ҳ൱Ԥǿ
Ҳҹڷɣһֱš
ԼһСʱһӰԶ˹ΪǱĵģҪˡ
֮ǰˣ
۾΢΢һϸһȴĸеһ
˿˿ܡƺҵʲô־ֱܽǱ
ʱһܿ͹Сʱ
ûһ˻ˣһʱһȥ˰ȫ㡣
･ʼʱ䶼ˣûɲʲô顣
ڣӽСʱʱڳˣˡ·һһȳģ˵Ļȣ
Ҵһ߲ӥﲻ˷Сܹȥ˻ڲϵѪǱʲôһ¡
ʲôҼæסһ氫ǽϡ
ɫЩף̫ˣ˦׷ֱ³ֵʬסˣƴͻΧһ鷿ϵʯͷȡ
ͷƤ飬ȿ»ֻһ档֮󲻼ƴ۵Ŀ˼Ӿԭ
˵̽ҩ˳һϴͱɽҩ衣
ö۾һӹҩȥʱǼͿʼðɫҲ˲١
ţְȵĿ˺һЩⴴҩٳһز
ҩЧãʹı˲١
֮Ұذȫݣ˼˻ɫ˱䣬ʲôʬʼļˣҪСġ
ɫ˼£ûѯʲôƺ֪
ҷ£ôһĹϵѪѾֹסˣİײɸɾûѪȻ˿ڿٻָ
ţҷ֮ǰһЩ˶ٶˣ߹ȥÿ˷һⴴҩЩɽõģҩЧ൱
ڶϴ£ÿһѪĶǶʧ
Ҫҩ˶ЦŶҵл֮˵ҩҺҲһЩ
ַ֮ݶһȥֻʣµһѾ׶༪ˡ

ݶһСʱ㣬ʱӦѾˣҶЩԺˡ
ʱ߲ӥͻȻҽȴ
Ҽһ¾ˣæðͷȥʱһҰͷĵطģģֲӰεҳŰȫݹˡ
ȽԶϸȥֲˣ
ʬ
ҡԱߵͷ
ͷ˯Ȼѵķǳ죬һ̶֮ҵȥ֪ͨתƣ



پʮ£Χ
˵ȥݶŰȫ񱼣߲ӥҲˡ
صȫݣ滹ŵ˶ĿͶңҼʬˣ
ʰ׼תƣƻָˣҲһ˿󣬱ԭȵ״̬ò١
ľͿʼʰƷ
ܿ죬ݺҲˣﶼʰֿҺ߲ӥЦ߲ӥԤѽ
΢΢һЦǻӦ
ݺתˣʬﻹмףֱ뿪վΧнӴΣûнӴͶϺ󡣡
˵꣬Ӧͷ
ͷʱҲˣֹһ󣬱㳯ʬķȥˡ
ݺ·һ̸һȫ㡣

ʱ䡣ǲתתжȹʮΣÿ콫ĴΣÿСʱ͵תһΡ
տʼʱҺ߲ӥǸһλǶһ棬ֻҪڷڡڵһȥϢֻ߲ӥ찾סЩʱ򣬲Żỻȥ
죬Һ߲ӥһʱ䶼ڷжȹֻҪʬһ֣̾ͻᱻ߲ӥ֣⡣ÿζܸźԶͷ֣㹻ʱ䳷롣
ÿһҴ߲ӥȥڣȫ˾ͻϢĸá
߲ӥÿֻϷڰ죬ԼͻܻȥϢȥھûô׼ˣÿÿҪʬűȽϽ˲ܷ֡
ԣ߰ˣǳȥ֮û
½˲ʮˡ
ΣǹҲʻģͷȥΣҲˣԲ֮ҹٽʢʬҲӵˡ
߲ӥڰȫԸߣȺкܻӭһӣ˭ģǣǵĺøбתƵϡ
Ƕ֪ˣһɫĶǴĿĸ֣Ըͼ壬ҾµĲпɸѡеǿ֡
ȻĻǺµֱĿʵ˵жðͷ֯ǿȻ˶죬ݺﲢС

ڣʱһƵ˵죬Բ֮ҹҲǴ֮ҹ
˶һСĵ㣬ҵλڱԵһʯϣһ
û˵ˡ
ΪԾ
ѾʮСʱûмʬˡǾͺʧһ㣬֮ǰ˼ȥ飬һȦûзʬĴڡ
˶ɲ߸׼ȷ˵ǲ
ǰƬ̣Х֮ǰһгˮĻˡ
ϢһİûиκΰȫУĺ󼹱ϵð亹
ģ죬ʵڵħż¶һǹԣһɱս
߲ӥĽм񾭽
ÿôУһû¡
Ŀˡ˶ĿͶ߲ӥᵽʲôԣһ˫ӥ۸Ӹ¶ǰĻ谵Ŀз⡣
һ߲ӥĽȴǰδеĽƺ
һ𣬼æһŵĻ겻塣
ֻǰĺڰӿһƬĺѹѹӰӣȫˣȻǴħﳱ
ħˣŵ㵽һӷС
ֱ϶ǱˣЩֱӳӿһæĴȥݺٶ졣
ߵӷҲУ
ӷ򣡡
˵ӷҲˣ
ҪΧˣ
յģôô࣡

ȺʱɧϢһһĵ׷
ӷûУ֪˭һ䡣
ʱû
ܵˣӷͻȥ¾ǵݺﵱϡ
϶³壬ȥ֮ǽһ·ǰݺѹٶȣȺ̫춯ͷܵǰ棬ݺ߲ӥҲԱߡ
ܿǾͻȥһξ룬һֱûħﳱ
˶΢΢һǰǽһ䣬ݺ֣ʾͣ£ǽһһָǰ
ʱ߲ӥȴȻͷԱߵһС·
ҿɫ䣬ǰǰˣ
ݺһҲɲˣȺ
ƹȥǰ⣡ϡ
ǣȺѭ߲ӥѸٸȥŲܵᣬ̫ĽŲ
ܿ죬߲ӥһСͬͣȺҲ˽ȥ
ݺſںͬڹ۲棬ֻһСӣһ½Ƕȣڶʯͷ϶棬ǶȸոպÿյղŵǴǽ¡
ܿ죬ͷƤ鷢ˣֻȥһʮӰٶȷɿ죬ŸǱ߰ȥ
Ȼʬ
ڶʮϡǵࡣ
ˣ
̫ˣ
ղŲ߲ӥԤǻҪײʬȥǰһڴħﳱϣʬſڴš

һС߲ӥɫࡣ
ߣ
ݺûΪһεĹ۲ʧηηţһִŴҷԭ·ǰ
һΣٴͣǽһ¡ɫЩѿ
߲ӥҲžȴûеǰĶ
ǱħȺΧˣжϵ
˶ĿͶݺݺͷ׼ȥ·ĳǰ档ڵĶϺͷ㱣߲ӥ
ģͷӦһ
Ⱥ˵վλǰ棬ĸ·վݺҺ߲ӥ˺ͷ֮䡣мλá
壡
һ£ȳ档
Ⱥȥǹչһת䣬ǰһƬĺʵħȺ
ŭһǹ磬ݺݵ˽ȥһʱħĲ֫Ĵ׷ɣ
ĸ·Ҳ˽ȥγһǹͷƴǰͻ
ħʵ̫ˣָڲҪǰӿٶȲһ͡ħ̴ǰҰǵҲӳαһԲԲĶǡ
ħﳱǳĺʵ½ȴϰף
ĸ˷ͻһǰ壬һͻȥһ롣
Щ˲ϰٺŴĿľӢʵǳǿ󣬶ϵʶҲǳǿգȴסˣûħͻȺС
ˣǻֻÿ˿һȥϢһٶϣѭֳֹĻϵĴ֧Ԯ߽żͻħֱӽɱ
ҿѣֳϺսʶȵһСĿʱǿ̫ࡣ
ͬһˮƽϣˮ
óսȴûκζֵĻᡣ
ʱͻȻ˺ʬˣ
һæ濴ȥȻħﳱıԵʬҳˣħǣıܿһ·
ʮ㹻ϵߵľȫͻħﳱҪһӣʮף
Ⱥɫ䣡
죬ӿٶȣͷҲȥ·ݺＱ



پʮ£ɫ
ͷӦһæȥһѳĻ硣
ͻٶȶʱһ㣬ǲ
ٶ㣬ʬڿͻƵʱҧǣʱȻһսټħвȫûΣա
룬ҧ⣬ѪĨصϣҲȥ
ĳǹͷĳγͻǹͷ뽻ľݣеǰħ飬Ȼĸ˽ȱڣǰ
ҳ嵽ͷ֮䣬һҧصݺݵһնʱͿĨڵϵѪ˦һֱߣħȺ˹ȥ
̣
˦еħʱֱðϾͬһڵһشҵĽ
һ˲ӿʵħȺУһխխȱڣ
ɵƯ
ͷͬʱһ
һȣ˳խխȱѸͻƣͷ档ȱƴ
ߴһͻʮףħȺıԵʣ¶ʮˡ
ЧôãҶ˵ϽѪĨڵ˦ȥħﳱʱͬһһ
ͺñǽϵһ죬ͻƿںСͷĴ£ʱһ
ڴͻ
Ҳϵ˦ߣ֮ͷͻ˳ȥŶħﳱѸǰתһ·񱼡
Һ߲ӥʱЩˣȫǴĿȫ񱼵ٶȸܹġ
ڣͷ˵񱼣ݺҲͬʱץ߲ӥ
ţʬҲħȺ׷ٶȱǻҪһЩ֮ǰħȺսǳң˲
˫֮һףһĽӽ
һھӽʮףǰһƬӣ˵Ŷ˽ȥѭм·Ѹǰʧ档
ʬܿҲ˽ȴʧȥǵټòٶչѰ
ʬǰ𣿡ұͷץţڰУһ䡣
Уߣ൱һСͷص
һü˵֮ǰʬ൱СǵҲϣΪǻظظϵЩ
֮ǰĿڴԲˣ
һС֪ħﳱǲһڴꣿ
ǾһɺϣħǴأ֮ǰһֻû
鲻Ծһָоħﳱʬһڲٿǣ֮ǰǱжڣٿ߳ˡ
ħﳱûеʬϵô޼䣻ΧսսӰˡ
ͷƺҲƷʲôüͷʱӦǸڳˡ
˭׷ʡ
ˡͷ
Ҽ˸ˣϴҪȡˠ֮ĵǸȻڴħǣҿͷģ㲻ý֮󻹼˵
ܿ죬ӵıԵͣ
ݺ߲ӥߵǰ۲һ£˵ز˾Ӻʬһѹ
ţָǰһ˵ҿǰһпһͬҲпͨĵطҾѡѣǲһƬʬȦӡ
˵꣬ȺĬһ£ͷȾ֣ɣ类֣֮رţҾͲطȥˣ
ԣƴһˣ
죬꣡
ˣ

Ⱥ׷׸ͣͬ
ݺõӦֺһۣҲͷ˵ãȻҶͬðգǱȥ
˵꣬߳ӣŶ첽ȥܷŲ
߽ܿ˲ûʬǵı档û˳׷Ϊͬ棬һͷһβˣҪôǰҪôˣס˾·һҺܶطͬոߡ
˼ŽſǰýŲңСн
һΣǰһڣ֪ͨδݺͣƺҲԥ

ͷ˵һ䣬˿ͬò⡣
ʱ߲ӥͻȻߵĲ˼
ɫһ䣬ڴҳ䱸ʱǰ洫һ΢ĽŲ
ડડ
һһ΢ȴҲ
ģгһӰ߽һںµӣͷ϶źɫñʼһ֣һ˫۾Ͷϡ
һɤۡ
ˣ
û뵽ֽˣҲãʡҳȥ㣡˽Ųֱͣ߹
ūͣ
̧ǹһָ߹ĺˡ
Сģ
ݺҲкһǰ˹档
ҽ˽еص׼ƴ
ɲ⣬Ǹ֪ĴڣˡƲȥ
ҧӣԲСӡ
˶ǵķмһˣƳһ۵ȤûУĿң˵λá
ȡҵˠ֮ģ
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Ҫܽڻڹﲻ֪顣
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ͨҲ֪Ƕݣ֮ǰɯٲߡ

ܿ죬ʱƵٽڣʱ򳵶ѾũܵΧˣ˸ٺߣȻǵһҪѯ·ߡ
һΣӱɽˡתȽ϶࣬ٶȼ˲٣ɫȫҳ⿴ȥߺһƬһƻûСȻѾûˣΧǸƣïܵɭ֣һԭʼľ
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ڤڤ֮УҸоԼƺһܣܣĪľ뵽Ϊֹ˵̫ĺµС
ԭһֱΪһĻƶߵĽɫԽԽģƺһָߵĽɫ
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⣬ץһ׹ǰӣǳĴ֣Ҳ֪ʲôģڼϡ
ŵ쵽ǰһŴô
һҧ𶾺վȥ
Ұһ̧նתָȥԱߵľ৵ˡ



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Ұߵٶر죬ڰУ΢һЩľڽ৵ˡ
ǰأƺҰ˵ҰûʲôӰ죬ֱӲбӣһʱһƼĸо
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ܱҰػţûܹ
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ˣʲô³ʩɱģŭһ䣬ȻŮ֮ԩͷծ;ͳ۸һСʲôҤŮ˶ǿ

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ʬŵĽӦǵԤڲΧǣΧǣ



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žһҸоԼһ޻šǶһ˳ȥ֮󻯳һ̲

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þ̵񱼣ܶܶ졣
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ұܵȥϵʬⶫֻҪεͿԽȳҾģǸ庺ӣֳұֶ˰ߣš
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вҽȻֹӱſ˴ӥ

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ģǷֲʲôըҩſڣʱһըܽɽըȺ˵ȴһ㶼ġг˵
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ʱ롣绹Ļ壬ûôҲ̫ʲôӲӣӡȻȻ棬ҲùĶǵۡ

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һʮݶӺͣƺ⣬ռһ룬ⷿϰ٣ѹѹһƬ
վͣƺǰĺȻẠ̊́һɫİȹװЩְҵͶ»Цӭ˼һ֣ӭλʹߣ֮ǰһöλܾˣʵڱǸ
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šҲͦģʵе
ĥʲôأϸ°Ͳ˵Ҽһ¡
ЦЦ˵ûʲôֻһͷһǣֵˡ

ȥİЩġ
ȰѶӵ˲һܺ߼Ƶ˻ӭ磬Щ򻯵ǰšΪʹȻӲʱ˶޿ޣûʲô˵ʱ߶ҵʱʱͳ˿ϡ
ȻϲִעԼĳϡ
ﰵ֣ͬʱҲЩΡ
֮⽻ȻҶϲЩǲʡģΪҶԴ˴ν˵̬ȣ˿ģá
ʱѾƵһ㣬ʽ̡
ʱ򶾺̲סˣҵĳ
һ֣ǰĲӭ
ѽ·û˿ĶһȳӼ͵ʱٻǰȥɳһˣ˸ˡ
һֻýŹϡ
Ӻܿ·ƺƵȥ



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Ӻܿ˸٣ϸģóһ׵İײϸĲħơһְײʲôնûУϸ绹ǲĺϸÿһ·ûһ۶Ź
Ҳһ֣ʣϸ磬ĽħƸɸɾģΪʲôҪ
ϸһ֣ЦŽ͵Եģôô㣬ܰһҪԼ֫塣ĳ˵֫졣
ԣЩԺԼص˵⡣
ϸҲ⣬ʣӹС˵𣿡
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ڵȻоĿˮ׼Զʱ򣬾ˡϸͷ˵ֿʼá
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ͷߣʲôʱŵ˯ˣأѺϻ嵱ٺ϶ˣ

ŭץԱһƻ
˳ֽӹлˣ

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˲ũܲСʱ̣ȵ̫ƫʱ򣬳Ѿũܸأǲֱɻ͵ˣת˷ɻֱҵĵصء
ũܲ񻰴˵ũ۳ٲݵĶ츣أɽʱ򲻾ãڷɵϣʱоͲһˡ
ܼ䣬͵֣ɽ涷ޣȻǶգɽ֮ȻдУʤ˾̾Ļɽ嶥ƣ׳һ㣬ũװεɾ
ֱɻַ˴ԼСʱǰһ޴ĺǶȺɽ֮һűʯߣʽׯ԰Ľ岼ӳϦۼעĿĻǴ롣ȻһƬȺ
ҵˣ·ĽȺĿ
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֪Ϊʲôɨһ˵ʱĿͣһ£ʱëȻ͸оʲôаһ
Сס˾纣ֵܵĸףãҲĶ塣ʱ򣬹ϸøСһ䡣
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˲ҪϸҲʶ纣üЩƣȫȫһ
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ոϴԡ꣬ϻϴԡ糺죬Σֻһ˿ʵ˯£˳Ĳ˿ϣգǸְ͹һֱ࣬Ų̫ࡣ
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Բ۾µˣܵһžͰߵǽϣе~
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İٶʮ£أ1
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ɫһæұĽʱ䣬ܶ淢¶ֻ֪ţľԭԭ˵һ顣
ҵͷ˵ãȻѺͰʶľԼкйصժϸ˵һ顣
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˵ף׷ʡ
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ˣ

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Ҵ⣬Ѿȫˣô飿
ڽֵĺħлһͬѾʧˣԶ֡
ЩѶȣҲȫûа취ЩϵңĩģһкϡʱħͼһͳţڼѪȷ磬֪ǳвƣΪħ֣صصĴ



İٶʮ£أ2
ʲôħҪһͳŽ磿
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ҵͷЩƶǶʣһͳºһͳŽ粻ͬʱ𣿡
ΪܸоħŽԶԳɴԳɸŲϺţŽˣʷαϣԳǲˡԶԶǹң֪ϧ
Ҫ֪ĩ췴Ķ鵱УҲʸԳǺڲŴġ
СһԽĺ蹵˵ɣһɽͳһɽţŲͳͳţ߻ɡҲΪʲôͨ˶֪Ŵڵĸԭϵǳ˭ΥͱǴ
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˿ĭѵĵͷҲֻܽΪʲôһߡһұߣһǰһº档
ֻתȦŻЧ
ڲϵĳԲȦĿûԶԲȦľΣڡ
Ӧˣҧ֮˵ǱˣǶҪǡ׼ƴ
ҵͷҧ⽫ѪĨصϣֻҪǶԸʬѪʹ룬ӵལҲĨһѪ
ҲһƿڹѪóݸңԼҲһƿѪСߣҹȥ㲻ҲΣϣôĻǿ϶ûȫ㶨ǡ
ҵͷ
ţǴѪƿƿߣһΣͻȻŵĹľԺٴδ
ȥҺӴһѪƿݺݵ˹ȥ顱̺˞ܵѪƿȻը顣Ѫ곯Ǵľ潽˹ȥ
̡
ʱֻһͻȻðΧľɫʱΪ֮һ䡣
ֻȥ۰׹ǣ󲿷Ұ޵ģҲ˵ģͬͣͬǣ׹ȫ飬ѡ
һͷܵʬǣȴʵֻʣô㡣
ֲǣ۰׹м䣬һ˸ߵĴѪĶǣֲ³ͬһĴǣԾԾԡ
ϸϸһʲôǣһ֦ȴޱȵͬĴһ㡣
ܣʳӶ˵Ҿܡ
ƺѾ̫ˣǰĵͻȻ֦ǵأһգ۵Ĺǰγһǽٳǲ
˵
ת䳯𴦳ȥ
޼£Ĵ̫ˣܿΧγһ˷ĳϯôĴͬǧӰһ۱׹ߡ
ҺӲòͣ£ĵ³
ⶫ֮ǰ۷һֱתȦԽԽȷֵʱѾȫڱķΧˡ
ƶַֻɱˡ
صİ׹Ǿ֤



İʮ£
ӣͻȥ
ۿԽԽʵѾûѡкһӿĴֳ˹ȥصնЯƥķâ
ûκ谭صննһƬҳԾǣնϵĴ־ȻûȥǷɿգ۵Ĺͻָԭ״ٴγҾ
صû𵽺Ч˦ȥѪӿĴָʴһƬѡ
ˣҺԥıƳһѪ˳ȥʱ֦ǽƽȥһݡ
һصɱһͻӽҲڷĶϺ
þûµͻȻֵĴһ½ӵȸסˣȥնϵĴ֣羡ʧûֱסˣ
Ҵһ̻Ԯһѧ˳ȥⲢûиǵĴӵǱɿһ£ҵֱסˣߡû±ȸ
ֲѨٶ̫죬ͶȻȴѵͷִܲԼһնˡ
쵰ʲôƿڴ꣬ȫһϼ롣
Ҳ࣬ʧȥռֻԼһ̶һϼ룬ûҰҲʧȥҲɷסˡ
ˣ
ﰧһˡ֮ǰڹûŪȴһֻ·ʳ
﷭˴
ֻǣֵǴֲס֮ȴûһĶұΪԼᱻסһֵиһСһСڣ߱סڱ
þãҸоȴܺͱסˣǿûСһñǿ״
ʲôһƣ˼⣬˵ⶫòỹдʳϰ߰ɣ
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̡ܿҾ͸оһɣһ˽
ЧֲϵĽѪһıƳ磬
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һڽһڵĳѪæ˰Сʱȫʧȥ֪ʱͷĴ֣ͷܶˡ
ȫһڣֲָεֻüͷѹˣڰɿˡͷҲųˣѪȥ˰ࡣ֮õϵĴȫһһϡȻظ֮ϵĴš
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֮ϸ˵ͨһռ䣬Ϊȫ壬Դǽûʲôܹ׽
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Ӽæ͵ʳϸ˵һ֣ϧû;;ԼľǣֻΪħɲ

һ䣬˻תͶ̥ʮǺúһŪӴĲһ㣡
ļ
ô죿ܳȥ𣿡Ҽæʡ
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һΣֻõ㣬ͬˣΪΪ⣬ٶܲǴġ
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롣Щ֣;
μǣ˵֮ҲŽף;ֽȻͬĶʳǾ߲Զ
ӳһ£͹һֶ˵ɽ̣бĶɾǱϲûԭֻǲһЩͱܣȫһѾж˸൱УǺѱϵġ
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뵽Ҳٴκµ룬жϰ˵ˡ
꣬ƺûԵĹ⣬֣صĿңӡȰ㲻Ҫ̫棬ߵݶԲ򵥣ŭ롣
ΪʲôǶô˵һҲң˵µʱȻһ㶼ԴףЩ֡
ŵʱж̣ʱ˾ͻףЩ²֪֪ĺãĲ̫ʢһ˵
ҳֻܵͷǴӦˡ
Ҳ˵ԼжϣµݱȻ֬Ѳϵǿаŵĺܣӹǡ
ҵͷƺҲԼᵽˣұȥ֬
֪ΪʲôԽ˵ԽйԾԾԵĳ嶯ѹѹסͺʲôٻһ
룬ҾбҪܽռһ֬ˣüǰٷ̽ǿ˵زһˡ
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ʵһ취ͨ԰ұܵĲͨ˵Ϊ纣׷ɱ£ЩΡְΪʲôû纣纣ϸǸô

ʱһûһ֮йȥ
ܿʱ賿㣬ƽʱ߲ӥѾˡ
ˣ



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Ҷӵͷʾ⣬վɣƳȥûİ취ˡ
ҵͷóҹһС䵱ȻصĨѪ̿ɡ
һȥþȫ͞ܡ
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Ҹĵ׷ˣ٣
ֵֻǣǡθôûֻͨԲнҲгŶѽ
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ͷܿȥˣθխһһϸľץסᣬһصݺݵĲθ֮Уĳסӡ
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ʳῪڣĸӸо˼飬ɽֻʲôϡŹֵĶС
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Ӷһ£ͷȻܣˣǷŽθȴ֪ƿǳ͵ʴף͵Ҫ档
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ܿ죬ǰθھͰȥɫҲˣоҪˣʳϵķͳʹĵͺ
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ұܵΪͷҪٴͻϮˣæһ䱸׼
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һǸոȥģͷɫʮֵʣһûѪ⣬һ㶼ûС
ԭͨͨﱻҺˡȻĹͷϸͷ档
ΨһͬǴ֮ǰĴ֯ɵġϼ롱ѳˣ׼ȷ˵һܹ֮Ѫ
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ҲŵĹǺƳɰ̣ǶѪ¾͸ˣ۰׹Ǿ֤
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ˣˣˡ
صһ̲ͣþܵОܣޱ˿Ѿֶ롣
θҺעٶȺܿ죬û±㿪ʼӣнӴĶͳͳʴһŽ
죡Ľѣ̲סߴһ
ʹ˳̵ٶȺ޲ԼٳŹá
صһһθҺҲڷɿӣܿҪҵĽŵˣҾͻʧȥĽǶȡ
ү
ڣθҺϾҪʴҽŵװʱҷ·𿴵һ˵þȫǴطݺݵͱȥ
󣡡
صһеĦڳʱһ죬й
ˣظؿӣ
Ҽ䣬ӵθҺȥǡ
ܿ죬ͱƿһôĶθҺӶ˳ȥֹסͷ
үģ㣡һһĨͷȫǺ־Ķǵĳ棬඼ܲסˣֱֻһ
ţһذײθڵУýŲЪϢôһĹȷʵе
һעθҺͣЪͬʱĵͺҲȥƺƶ֮ŪһϢ
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ңҲˣһʱǾɲİҲܹŹ֣ǷںУĶҲ󣬿Ҵ󲿻θҺڶȴޱͺǰһ
һȱ𣺡֪ˣαص
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İʮ£ţ
ô죿Ҷӱһ͡
ҡͷһƣʾұ˵䡣
ҵͷκ춯ʵûʲô̫ãʳĶӶͱˣθҺҪǿŹˡ
ﲻ㷲֪жǿ˻Ǳʲô˵һӦˣ
λɡ
ʱ򣬴ȱ΢ЩɳƵٴδ˽
Һɫһ䣬ûôӦǽضˣֻǳѾŵġ
ҿһ£ӳҵͷ
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ʱҲŷ֣ʳеݣ˸ߣĲλĶӣ˵ľɾ˵ݳɾ̫ˣֻһͷһ˫ɫ۾ֲڵµ֡
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ҴûмôţߣЩȴǳĿƽһСƵģһ֪Ƿ֣һëɫޡ
ܿ죬ʳ㽫ǻķţһô۾ȤĶңͷһһķۻš
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ҲҲһҾӵĻӦǸˡ
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ֻһۣҾ͸оԼĿⶴһܶûˡĿկ׻ҪҪ¡ҼܵĺëⲻǶΣյķӦһֶĪ̽ӵľ衣
ʯϸ£˰Ӵ𣡡
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ģţȹأɶȥ
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СתңߵǰҲȥͷ
ұһܵȥ⡭ʲô
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ӿһ£ǲɾˣȴʳ̻;ȷţǻȥ˵
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˶ĿҺӣ˵ϢҪ׸߱ˣҲҪȥ̽Ҳֻ֪һƤë
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ڧ
۾һϣҺͶ߳ũܵʱһũ绰֪ͨϸΧʩˣˮ˶
Ϊʱ˵ʩʩǱˣʬڲҪȫǺ˵˵һͨһһŮȴ˵Ѿ֪˭ŪĪ
˵òǼ°ɣԼаѸʬŵڵˣ
ɽɫ죬ôˡ
һ£Ǽϸϸԭԭ˵
ɽ˲һ֣òĲɣ



İʮ£³
ҿҪģֱõӸվȳ֮ǰ»֪֮һĿɿڴ
Ҳһ˵Լ˵˵һͨԼøʬŸˣ
ɽ˵ʩʩֶ滹һʩεˣʩʩĳڸʬڲӰ˵һθʬŵţϴΪʾرĵλŵĴգʩʩˡʩּ죬ʩεõϢ˵Ǳ˱ͱĻᶯ
ҵͷĿʧ˵һˡһҲֻۣοˡ
ҲĻǿɱìܣͻʩǱ˸ˡǡʱ򣬴һͨΪץˡ֤ݡŲɣǱ㶯ˣ
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ҿɶⶼУһϣĿҡ
һ֣ǣ˻굲ס
»úʵ˷򣬻̫ʱģĻҺүһ£ǲܸǼӵҩհѻڶĺһЩӸʬŵĲɽֵ
ҺӶһۣԻһƣĻǾ̫ˣƻԽԽã͸ڳʰ纣ˡ
˼ȳɣүҲӦ̧Ŀλãѳɡ
øʬڶѪƴͺˣܶýʬɱƬײҧ캦ûʬ˵˲źá
ǻûʲôܡɽһЦʬŵʩʿһǿڧĲҲͷۣһѹȥ
ҵͷҲ롣
꣬˻ޣһɽС˵һ䡣
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Һӵͷ·ȥүС԰
֮үҲճһЩ֮£һһʮ˵ˣᵽţʱɫ˱仯ȴʲôҲû˵
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ȻӺɽұ̫࣬ˣүҲƺûиκϢ뷨
ְ֮Ѳóүϡ
ү˿֣ţ˵иԵǾһûָ֮Ѫ࣬Դ
ҵͷ˻
˵ѹţⶫңԭǿҵѪˣҪѪࡣûѪǲǾ͸ɢˣ
ֵǡүΪʲô˵ԴҲţ˵仰ʯϸ£˰Ӵ

Һӳ˳԰صȭݵʱѾǰҹˡ
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ܸоţƺڰʾʲôܲûһɣһүֹע̫ܡ
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κǰһ̨̨̨šǰһʯͷʯʯÿһ˵ǰ
ÿһ·꣬ںȴ֮ǰԼǰչԼ
˵ʱĳĳʶΪǰͶ̥֮ʱʯϿǸ˺ͳ
Ϊֺ֮ȹȴԼһУֻʶ
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κͷĶǰɣ׷ʡ
ԡӺܿ϶ĵͷ˵κͷϡ˰ʺѪ֮ͬʺĻһ㣬ڤ;һл֮·ȻҲǺȷ룬˰Ӧòʲô˶ܿģҵ伮أĦ·κŵʱ򣬱˰ͳֹȴʧȥѶֻڴ˵֮С
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һǿҵĸоţ϶ڰʾʲô㲻ǣҲӦиж˵ġ
ΪκͷĶҶٶʶˣں壬Źеعκţʯ̨
Ψ˰û
ţ뵽Сֽ˹˾Ī޳Һ֮󻹼ǵңʵ֡
᲻Ҳ֪һЩʲôأ
Ź屻ظͳ֮ȥ˺ɽϵķ򣬹ǱѺظˣҲ֪ˡ
תͶ̥ˣ˵ظߺҹһˣ
ҵP



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гȻѰֲүȻǰѲֺãǾ͵õ
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˺óһǹ˸Ե
ţķģɵ
˺üҵ꣬һ˵ֲ裬һֲũҷʵиɫõߴ衣
ҺӶ⣬ɽ֣ɫȾ˹ϵĶܸое㲻̫ζȻҲ̫ȻһõģرֻŪ涼лʡ
Ҫ֪ĺòǾԲʩʵģҲĳЩòһֱϲȥԭĳЩررƷ֣һҶһƽ
֮һҵһרԵĵ꣬ڷŵģһЩǳϵεԣҲĵԵľࡣ
ϰǸϻͷڹ̨дд㣬ǽЦ΢΢ףпֺ֮ɫ͹Ҫʲô
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Щһھʺá
ͷ꣬ЩĿһۣ󻺻ͷС
̨֮߳˵ͬͨĻݣȻ¶ܿǡ
˵Żӵóһһ߿ڵ裬ʯ˹ɵʯ裬һ
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ҽӹӿһ£ȷʵʯͷڵģ㲻Ϲ·ĺܲ
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ڶˮҪɾԲüƯ׷۵ˮ޸ˮûܹȾˮ
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Ҳʮ־棬ⶫеϣûͣһνһεĽָѪڲϡ
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ˣְָƵֲ棬ΪҾֲɫ̫ԣǻҺɫӦɫŶԡ
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ʱƵ죬Բ
Ͼʮ׼һУӿҺ߲ӥȥ֬
ǵʱѾٽʱȥ֬Աûκα仯Ȼǵƺ̣֪ŮѰҲ֪ҹޡԶŵеζ
ʱҲǴǰңҷ֬ΧĺƵƺΪһ壬ϿգһϢһƬ
УһвϴУʱʱͶһ籡ɴһԡ
ͣóĿңҾڳ㣬һҪСģطаŵĺܡ
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֮һΣ߲ӥĽӡͻȻһʧˡ
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İʮ£̽֬2
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ұܵ˺һ಻˼ֻ֣дѪɫĹ֣ɡ
ҽصϸӦһ£ûзκ쳣ҲûиܵĹ;ͣֻаɫĵĵĻ⡣
ֿ֮һܣһʱҲ֪ôˣҪҪȥ̽һ£Ҵͣͺרҵġ
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ʲôҾĲûҧͷղŻһ˵Ļ˿̾Ȼˣ
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ȻЩȫŮӹ֮Ǳ׷׽һǮϣתȥ
ҹҲóǮ£ʾҸߡ
Ұһݣ˵еİ벽ൽˡ



İʮ£벽
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벽࣬ǡҹԶĳǣֹ˵һ䡣
Щ֣Աûˣʣ벽ʲô
ȻǱѽܵĵشԳһϵظͨҾûˡҹһЦ
һ仰ӦòѣԱؾᡣҪλøܣҹʵǺǿĹܺȼĿû
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ͣͣ͡ûκ⣬صеıֱۣԴȫһնѪ˿쭡ھԵʵǰ˶ûκôġΧȺ˲䱻ɨһȱڡ
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ʲôһըëˣôŸҴ绰
㡭û͹ϸһ𣿡һͻԼ񲻴ˣ⻰ӸûһԼΪΪǶһ顣
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İʮ£ҹ̽ͣ׵أ1
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ܿ죬һ޵ѪζϷƮ
ֻаɫ䡣
ͷһͬʱЩ֣ⶫ֮ǰ߲ӥһգ۾òӰô
߲ӥԽԽ߿ԽԽͬʱѪζҲŨˡаڿǡ
ҺӲҵ̳׼ս
߹
һ߿ӥ߲ӥһԾֱǰĺڰ˹ȥһ¾ʹڰС
һ߲ӥȻ׷ȥˡܵҲȥæȴסˣӱ𼱣Ծⶫ߲ӥҳ֡Смơ
һ룬˵еûܿǹѪζ㵭ȥ߲ӥҲûӦһ׷һԶȥˡ
߲ӥ°ɣЩģȷʵԾⲻԾǶǣҲ߲ӥ
İɣ߲ӥ򲻹ԷɣֻҪ̫ǿĶֻڲ֮ءӵ
ҵͷ߲ӥʵȷʵһ̨סͿյʱ䳤˲١
һ֣ҺҲˣҷſʱ׼ս
ʱͻȻ˷磬ûϾȻƮ˶ëѩ¡ܿ㽫ΧȾˡ
ѩһҲԽԽֱͣ࣬űѩ۾ˡ
Һܵıܷѩһš
ʱ۽ǺȻһǰŨصıѩԼԼƺһģӰ
һ۾ֵŷѩϸȥȴǿ塣
㿴ǰ棬ǲʲôҼæӡ
ӾþöûػұܵŤͷȥʱŵͨ
Ӳˣ
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׷ȥΣգŪûȳԼȥѡֻ޷˵ǰ񱼣ΪԼٶһ㣬ʧȥӵĽӡѩ̫ˣүʱ䵢飬һʧȥӵĽӡԼŪҲ·
ʱн첻Ӧеصزˣ
һ·񱼣ܶܶ죬ӵٶҲĿ죬ӡѩǣԽԽǳԼûܽӽ
ɴҸȷǱˣĶǿ󣬷ĻٶȲܳԼ
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飬߲ӥһǱɽˡ
һмı壬ɶԼΪѡҲӳΣն޶ԡ
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ӵĶĿ겢ӣң
Ҳ壬Ӿ׶༪٣Ūþ֮ǰǼʧٵһտ



İʮ£Ŵ壨6
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ӵĽӡŹǱȥˣŽӡҲ׷ٵ˹ֻǰӰ
һȻӣ۾Ϸֻ۰ײͫǱʲôˡ
Ա߻վһɫµĺӰڷµӰУ̫ݡ
Ȼ塣ӰңˣԵЩ㡣ֻԸŽ̫
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˶٣ʣﵽʲôĿģȻ˺βһ
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ΪҺӵһδկʱ򣬱¹䣬ɽķҺͽ˴ħǡ
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ҴһǣûκζԱߵһվ˰ǰ棬ֱ㶵ĵסҵȥ·ܡ

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Ҳסˠ֮ĵںϣ϶ڵΪʲôںȡҪȡֶȥһ⡣Ҳס
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ˠ֮ĸҿǱƵģԼɰ˰ĹȻûѹסˠ֮ģǱˠ֮ĸˡ
ԹҺһʽס꿴ңˠ֮ĸңҰֵܻ㣻Ҹ׼һ࣬ȡˠ֮ĺȥ첻ʱڴկǻа취˿ڣȥΣ
ˠ֮ȡˣһԻȥһΪˠ֮ȡˣԼͱƺ
ԽȻҲܽͷֵҴõҽиոժµࡣ
˵һָתǴ߳һ͵Ӱɫѩס
˾㤵ǣֻһ˫͵ͫ۾ûбӣҲû죬ȫһ˵ģ
Ȼֻа
վģһ㶼ĳеĶֻƤ
⣬һѪСӣɢѪζ
ոժ࣡
֮ǰʧٵЩ¿ѡ


İʮ£Ŵ壨7
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ȡ࣬һһ㣿üȫаǷǳΣյģ֮ǰҺӻ
ЦЦģϵҵصúܣǱҪҲմȾϣұֻ֤һʽװˣ຦Ӧףǿȡˠ֮ĵĻûҪûҪ˵ֱⷬӶ־ͺˡ
ҳĬˣ˵ԼѨӱӦӾ׶༪٣սΪԼĵˡ
һֳ͹а򽻵ˡŴ˵жİ֡
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ҳĬֵˠ֮Ĳ㣬Ĵֻֻһֽѣ㽫Զ԰ΣΣ
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ߺߺߣȻЦҡҡͷ˵Ķԡȷʵɱ˲٣Ҹĵ˵ɱûһǲɱ֮ˣǳʬҲأǸͿտ̯
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Ϊһµң벽Ƥ֮Լ쵽ˣͶ̥ǰ



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ɾʱءһ죬ײʲôط⧲ڳ˦ˡ
ҺӱͻȻƶĹص˲ٿ̨ϣʱðǣԺһκڡ
þãԴһЩ˻ͷֳšײűߵˮ׮ϡӦǱ˦ȥˣһͦĺӡͷѾȫûˮ׮ֱǶ˳ӵķա
ԴۣһĨ϶Ѫͷײˡ
ӣû°ɣ
ȥӡѪײԺˡ
ˣ³תʻӷ˳
ӿڳص˦˼ͷλһ㣬ĨһϵѪߣѾʵ壬ˮ𲻽رϾͻġ
ҵͷ̷Ŷ԰ȥ

ȻͻȻˮӿһɫĴˮð˳ˮŴ׳׮
飬ˤˮоȻûߣϣͼ׮
ܣ
Ӿһ̳ǰ񱼡
ұûûˣ
ղҪͻȻװˤѾ׶༪٣ǹ˺Ƭ
ٶʵ̫죬ѵĻã֮ҾĿϲķ֣澹Ȼһ
ӣг
Ҽæкӣǳ⿿ȣܵù顣
ϣ
Ӻԥֱܵߣȿʱ棬ںš
ʱѾҹʻٶͦ죬˾ƺҲûҺӾ﷢ǡ
Һϳſ档
ûãϹȻһǻѪ飬һ·򣬹ϵĳٶȺܿ죬Ǳܵǡ
ôǵģĵһôԶȻ֪ǵķ
ⶫĵΣһ㣬񣡡ӵ
ô죿ЩˣٶȣӾȫϳսײʤʼΪ㡣
ٶȺԶǣԭ򣬸ղŲŻᱻ˦ɳȥ
ûİ취ˣѴѪ·ȥһʱһʱӵ
ҵͷ̽°ѵףͷϵѪøɾھһʮ·ڵʱմѪ·˦Աߵ·ڡ
Ȼܵʮ·ڵʱͣܵѪԱᣬȻվãȻĹˣƺֲǸ
þֿʼ׷ˣǳǵķմѪ·ֻǸһ£ʱ̵Ŀ
ΣҺֻһһĽ·ĨѪȻʮ·˦ȥһһµĸ飬ͣһҲá
û£ҺӾѵֻʣ·ˡѾ͵ùˣ
յģⶫúŪ
Щɥǰǰһ˲ʮӡСʱ·̣ʵ벻ô˦
Խ׷Խƺ֪ƣ롣
ɣԸסε
ҵͷһ£һװĻʱڼװĶϡ
ȻüװܱյĻסǵϢ˦顣
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ڶƿһ壬˽ȥҲȥٽƤԭλֻ졣
ҹ۲һ£װǸ䣬ֻһЩѹֻ˾ô졣
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Լһӡ
أ
Եһڳ
ɫ䣬ұһͣˡ
ֱӳ˹ȵףȻƤҩһô˦˦
ţᶥ߶òȷǵλá
æͻȻһְֻǵͷץˡ
ǣĽŲûͣǳǰȥˣٱԾžǰ洫黹˵ĲҽС
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ҲŸոץƺײʲôҡΣ֮ͻȻתһ졣
Һֱݺݵˤһ£۵֨ѽ죬ȴס첻ҷκ졣
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һصȻֻһƫȻûնϡֻһƬ
ҾĲûҧͷ
ʵ徹ȻȽҪǿ
Ҫ֪ص࣬Ƕͭ׾ٵĿȥ
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ͬʱһޱ˿ֱವֱܡһͬⶳһ㣬ɿĿҪӲˡ
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ۿɼԼ֫һ˪յصһ顣
ˣ
군ˣҳ׾ⶫԶԼ
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ѩϼ˪ǣװںȻ򿪣˨š黨ֱӱϡ
Ѫ뼯װڣ۾ĶǣһǱ˹ɺѪ
оӨѩ׵Ӧǻ˾ġ
󣡡Ӵһˡ
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𣡡
鲻ⲻ壬һԾֱӳ˹ٶȿ쵽£İ׹צһץӣһץңѪɫâ
ңһʱԺңӰԺ৵
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ұܵ΢΢Ťͷ۾
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棬ҵͷ羢һ
ǣþҶûиоʹˡŭһ˿˿ľ֡
һۣȵķǰֻ籸סˣȫһӣȴ޼¡
籲Ĵ죬˼װ䣬һĺŮź۽ѩ紵½¶һ˵ߡ
ӣǰ£Ӽæ



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ܲ©ģСȵģ֪ΪʲôԼʵĽԼƺԽˡ
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΢תէ֣͵һ
ʱꡭһѵ鱻ɿļѹһ޻ԽѹԽСһСȻֹ
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ҿӶɳˣͷȽ籿žһ첼ѣȴôǿѹ鲻Ѵ֮ͬһ޻
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̫ǿˣһϣ
ҷԾһµʱƺûôǿ⼸νӴȴ֣ǿĸûߣ϶飬򲻻ô
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Ǻ类մѪɸɾͺûӴһ
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ӺʶȤĺˣҸոƽһֿʼȻ١

һұͣȻһЦʱû谵ļװ䶼˼֡
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ԼƺܱŤұĺܣͬһ㡣ವҴܣ¶ۣƵġ
Ȼԡ¶һЦ촽Ȼҵ졣
ҵʯԴʱ˵ֱ죬ɴ۾
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һֱܣһģڰ΢ĴƷһ£ĴмȻ㣬ʱСһŻ档
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ߣӦЩˣӷӦҿһģܿƷ»˼ܡ
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ȲãӼˣҲǷֵȼԽʵԽǿֻѪڶǵڶܳģĴǵһܳġ֮ǰҸӦеĲܳģһ©ǻ˼죡
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ӵȲˣҾܡ
ҲҴˣСҪ˵ҲߣҲǵʧϾסˡֻҪһֻһ飬ǹ
ܱظѺĹ꣬ԲǺöԸġ
˳Ŵ·һֱˣһһһ
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ҿ˾һ߸ɽ˸绰ǱߺܿͨˣʣСǵˣ
ӱһ˵һȻľ򵥵˵˼䡣
ɽһˣǱ㲻ˣֱӻȥһսѾڵɱɴӵظ飬һƬΪս
ҵͷ˵ãͰ˵һģһͬʱҲע⵽һµʣˣ
룬ұʲôˡ
ҲЩ±ƣ˵ѵǴħǳ֮󣬶ٴˣ
üͷһƺܡ
Ժƽ֮һɢɳϴδħǳ֮󣬸Ҵȥ̽ħǣʱ̽ı󣬾һ˵Ĵˡ



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ǰڹ𣿡ֵʣΪ˵ٴΡ
ӳһ£ͷ˵ȷʵһˣʮǰǳƽöԪˣҶԼͬĿʼ£Ϊһ˹ͬ屻ҷ׷׳ٴγҰҲӦ֮塣
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ӵӣƺ֪Ҳ١
ȷʵءӵͷ˵˵ĸǸң˵ΪûҪڣ˾ӦɢҽӴһЩƺƺʼնڷá
ʲôã׷ʡ
άظܣҲƵֻ֯ɢ࣬󲿷ǸҴԼڵĵ̸𣬵Ҳ⡣ӵ˶˵ѵһֻ֣иĺĲһ֪
ȻȻղѾ˵ǱȻСҲǣôһȺӵظܳ⿿²֪ҪһܽЩ

ֱ죬һҷ֣ɵĳҴҳϱʻȥŲ棻ҳƶصģӦǸ鱨Ա
ʱֱɻǱȥˡеӵȥζ
룬óֻ½̳𾪵ķԼӾȻٶظˣǰɵģ˵ҷشϢűֱͨʺǷ񰲺á
˵߰ҳʼл˲µ֤ݣ˵ڤʱ䲻ԣӵĻعԽԽ¶µ֤ݣһۡ
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Щ棬ο֯֡
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ܽӦһ˵ϰš
Һӻصȭݵʱ򣬷һһӳ԰ʧҹĻУȭҲæµ˳ˣΪĴѾжˡûҺӰκֻǴ˸кҴȥ
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ЩɢҰ⣬Ҫһʱ飬ȱ֤İȫУɾ̫ˡӵ
ҵͷЩҵĳ档Щģ³ڴԱȥˣ᲻ʬųĻᰡ
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Ҳ⣬ֵǸȻ˺ܶ𣬵֮ʿҲڣħ㲻飬ʬŸĻҪŭġ
ҵͷҴֻһ֡ԶԶƲȫдɢ䡣ϸƤ¿ͣǶдĿսϸ˵ң䣬С塣
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׻˵ʢţǵҳߣңǲҲ
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ЩǾͺԼҵһָġ
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룬ȰһɵĲһһһĳľȻм׿Ұ׵Ĺ˵ͦÿġ
ֽ˹еƣֻûôƯһͷ档һǸ֡ѹһײ±Ц
ΪԷһҰץñӸǺãʡñʲôߡ
ȷֵһƣ֣ģֵָǮˡ
ֱӴԼѣѵһӣһģ֪дһЩʲôռǣеС񣬶ʮҳӡԲһ˫۾ռǣƺҶߡ
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ֲֻһ⣬Լϵûˣ¶ڣع߰ٷ֮ٻй䡣
ⲻѣǰһĹ׻ҿóˣȫĨһ飬ⲻ̫
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ԼҪȥعϵ·϶Ҫ·ģһҪ¶ڡ
룬ƺֻаɤŪ˻˲ˣ˵ɤ˻ˣʲôһ
ǣɤӿʼ飬ϵԲϵңҵ˻ƵɫϤϤɫһҸо˾Ųʮˣ׼ˡ
žǵȴʱ䡣ʲôҲû˳Լĵϸ˵˵˽ľиӦģκ͹ϸдʱ䡣ҷֹϸ˵ģԼص֮һĪϵ΢ץصͺץסԼһֻǴûô
ָоսʱԼսľ̶һΡ
ֹв֮ǧһ˿һĲ࣬о޴ĸĽռ䡣
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ҲصϸӦźصϵ΢ĵʱ򣬴ӵڵָ⡣

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ûüϵһѪԹܱСʱңһʱ
ֹĸСʱҸоʱ쵽ˣԼͿĨ׻ңֻҪǿĵطͿͿϴɾٰ۴ϣϰײҺơ
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Һʱװ̤ȥֻһæ˵̫࣬ɤӡ
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ˣæ˱ΰɡҵȻܾԼǸٻҶӴ
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ȭͷ΢΢һƿڴ˵ƭң
ʲôºͰͻ䣬ֻĨһμ䣬ȫƭ˵ģºɱˣʬ𼣡
Ҳǣʬɴ࣬͹ͻȥ̫󣬸ʵ
סˣ²ǼƽЩʱ򣬰ҪǵȲż˵滹˯أͱȥˣʱЩʳȥС
ּܼæӦǣͷһСǰ·š
ſڵĽѾ׼ˣ̧ΣǰдٲȻһŴĴٳС
Ͻӣ̧һ·عĸȥˡ
˴ԼСʱǰһޱɭϵڳǣ̧ͷ죬ֱգŶĸ֣ۺá



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νĻ±£
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ҵͷֱ룬û˵ʱûҪˣͽ˻ɡЩǳʵˣɲܼͷܱġ
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ͳ졣ţͳǴһӵģԼҪѡ
Ѿ̫ˣ̫һתо󱳱ˣʱͬâ̴һ
վסţͳһȣֲѹ͵ĳѹһӲſܣ˫ȴǦһԭأʹ

ﰧһԷʵ̫ǿˣѹԽѹĶá
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Ŀһתְ޳߻վһͬߴڵĴڡ붼룬һǺ޳ǵһμ
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Ĵͳ죬ȫţͷǵ͵ɷһǴֱײӽթ֮ڰ޳䡣һվбĵһɨһϵ֮⡣Ҷ˧ǰ޳һ·棬ǷǳĹΣ絶һ㣬С΢ǵ㾦֮ʡ
ƽĶۣҴûôĶӣдգдᣬ˿˶񣬶еɣ
ڸԵԱ򡣺Ͱ¾һġ޳ѷҪΪɫһ̿ͷ
޳һǺ⣿ţͳɫ
Ϊۺţ˾ͳ죬ܲбҪ޳˵һ䣬ģЩƮдԡ
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޳ôظ·һҪʮ˲óŵ޴ǰҲһģΪֵֵ𣿡ʱȽļƵͳҲǰһŰ޳˵һ䡣
޳΢΢üû˵
ʱ򣬺޳ں˵һ䣬ϰףˣ˽ǣš
Ұҽͳ죬Ҫ־мҪ鱨־¹򣡡̴󺰡
ڰ޳Ժţͷ治Ը˵ǵˣʱٲ䵽ţͳˡ
һڣĴͳɫ΢΢һ䣬ţͷһ΢΢һཻһ񣬶ңĿ˲
ಡһǼȻ˵ȻһͳҰ޳ìֱӴҡ
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һһ
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־޳δŭţͳֱӻɱӣ¾Ĳףȣţͳ첻˳ͻ
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޳ԵСӡ־棬ʲô鱨ھ˵ɣ㣬޹ôظǾֻʮ˲ˡ
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СסЦЦСԴȻĺ֡
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ȻϻҪǲܣַܰŲţ
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֮Ҷ˽ԽԽ࣬һСŮС͵ԥĳȥһŰС͵ɷɣ·ƽεС͵岫ĶҺӣֻԱŽź͡
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ĻǷ̹ϸʵ޷ϥҲ֪ǹϸˡϵ
ϸɫһߡ
㲻ȥ˴ĿôͦѽôֵһȣӥǼ˵ţǸֵڼҹϸ硣
Ҳ֪֮ìܣûҲ廰
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ӥһЦ˼ϴĿүæûռ㣬ذɡ˵š
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ѪˣǼ¸޹أϸͺһв֪ʲôʱѾץѽħơ
ӥǿŹϸеĽħƣҲѶϵ붯ǰɣҵҪ̣㵽׽˶٣
˵Ȼȹϸһ˫ϸɱȥ
ϸ׼˫вֱܵӭϡ

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ҽװ֮һμϸȫ֣оǰһˡ
˫ʹõ·࣬ȴ졣ϸķƫƮݺ;ӥƫɱðա
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˾ɫһԲĬҹĲ²⡣
Ѿ֪֯٣˶٣ҹһ⡣
ֻ֪࣬һ֣֮伸ǵϵܸоĳǷǳǿкܶѾмˣܶû͡˾ش
Ұü˾Ӧ뱣סСֻҪ˵Ķ˵ūܱū𣬿ǲʳʲôˡ
ôһ£ϼҡΪʲôһϲɫ룬ʳԼĵ⡣
Ϊһֱֻصۺۣǹ֮ʣֻ֮һڳ˵ĵط˾֮һǷֻҪҵڲڳ˵ˣзĽ˾ûκԥֱӻش
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˾һ£˵ɴɱһǧɷŹһҪҵߵֻ̡
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ҵϢû͸¶ȥʣҪ
˾ҡͷ˵ûüҶʱһա
ԺԼ㶼עˣ㣬һֳ©Ӿʹˡ
㣬ʲôʱӵֹһݷô۵ģҹʡ
˾䣬ǰ۾ʲôʱֻصҾͲ̫ˣΪֻ֮ǰȷʵڱչء
ҹȭͷĬ֪Щʲô
˾ˣ˵ҶѾȫ˵ˣǷһ·ҾԲ˵ȥģΪ˵ôһ֪ԥɱҵģңǻá
ûĶһţ治֪ۺֻ۾⣬Ȼһ
ţֿҹ񣬵ô
˾ʱŵĶ£ĵĿ⿴ҹ
ҹһ£ҲԣͰͶѾ˵
˾СƵĵͷȻ󱨳һ֣йְǹ߹죬û漰˾
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ӦһӰһƲһ˾˽ȥȻһŷͷǴӰ½ġ
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ˡ
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һ㶣ǰˣеͿйٱʻתƺֻʲôϵ
ҹ񻺻йٱһסڵһۺǣתǵģڵʮֻصǶ̴ֻģۺۻڣֻҪһջԭйٱʺٴһµĳתҲһġʵֻֻ̹֣ܵӶֻ
ˣѹ˵ϴοʱ򣬸оⲢȴֱ꣬˼顣
ıֻ̾ǵԣйٱʻתƲǵԳ򣬳ûˣ°װˡ
Ҳͱ֤ûܶйٱʺתǣΪۺ
ڣۺȴֻתͶ̥ˡҲ֪ʲôȻֻƬﶼ£ĸҹ񶼲֪
˼ǣֻҪọֻ̃ƿ򣿡ʡ
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ҵͷ֪ΪʲôѾôǿȴһֱûдģ췴Ǳˡ
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ĳ˵ֻ̾ǡûҲԲ˳Ҳ֪ʲôʱӡ
˵ͨˣܶⶼ˵ͨˣ
ۺͶ̥Ϊֻ̣Ѿõ
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ֱۺһļƻƻѾչˣֻһܣ˲֪
һҵѾҪʲôѾ磬Ҳʲôֻ̡
룬Ҷҹ˵еѽѾ͹϶;ˣǶҲãã˺ôѽ
ҹҲû⣬ֻܾΪˣԸҵɡ
ҵͷ뵽һؼ˵һ⣬ôȷۺ۵ݣֻ̳ʲô
ҹʵֱסˣþòŵ˻ȷʵǸ⣬תͶ̥ȫһƤңңֻҲû˵ǿԱƷ״

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ܴܲһ˾ǲۺ۰ɣǣ˼Ҳô죿˵ǵĻǸӣ
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ҹ׼˵ʲôʱȴͻȻɫһ䣬Сӣˣ
˵꾹һһ׹ʧ
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ž⴫һϵĵţʩô䵱ɽţк֮£ҵȲɱ
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ҶԷͨ뺣ٲȥҪˡ
ҳҳ
Ҳæ˵¾ӵҹһ顣
˵ܵıӻ죬
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ߵһվʿһֱֳۣΪ׵һŨüۣüңɫҲвá
һӦ΢΢һжڰϣΪ׵ĹʿǸһɲĸо
ѹֻүϸܹǿĵС

վʿͿȴһÿڵʵ
˭䵱ңĴָԾڽϲţһԲϾɱ˵ģ
СŲȷţŲɱŲһǲǱˣ˭ͻǵĵߣɱҲƽôɽžͻƵߵΪ
ҽҴţҼæٵĳҹҵĽڡ
ҪţߣһЦţͼҼŶ˵仰
ʿҲǶвмÿ񾭲ҡ
ٴǧտ񱼶ΪŸɷǵ𳤡Ҳûаè
˵һʲô飿
λ磬ҺկҵָɣǰѰţģկױצ͵ϮѾ쿸סˣũܻţйһ֮Ե
˵ȻҵСĿƽϣҵƣа٣׺䡣
ⷬһڣ΢΢ɫ䣬㻹֪
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Ȼɫڱˣϵﻺʧȡ֮Ǿɲûɿڣ˵㣬ȫԴ󷽷ɽʲô
΢΢һһ̫ý͵©̼ǣ˵ҵһνţΪɸӦɽоޣϸսҲͷԿɽͽȥˡ
Ĵֲָ˲佣ȻǿĽͺǻɡ
˶٣һʿһɫ˵ͷֱɽУѲһֳˡԹҡҡͷʾûʲô֡
΢΢һ㶣߲ӥȥˣ
ղڶģ߳ʱûų
һ˰ɣԵʵǻ˻ѣͱɫһɭĺ⡣
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˱һǰһѺңҴɽ
ʱҷ֣䵱ɽ¥ɽһǰεضֱָ񷡣͵ĽʯɣȻ濴㾫»ȴһơ
׳۵ľɽѩɽϷ嶥ˣмһ޴ԭƽ̨
֪Ǵ˵еĹ
˵׾ɾ֮ġ
һǧǰպգֻ֪ɡʫɵȴ֪һնħĽɡһɱħ˱ܣаԶҪڣʲôʲôѾһն֮
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ҹûã˱Ҵһʯɵļΰҹ˽ȥʵʵţ
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ܼªʲôҲûУǹͺͺʯ塣ڿĲԹѩΰġơһࡣ
ҿǽϣŹֱָĽƣ˼ɢ
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дʫһ͵ľдУмߴʮɱһˣǧﲻС˷ȥ
ıӰԲдҹ˼Ǹǰ¹⡣ͷ˼кɵһ棬Ѫһ档
֮Ȥģȴ׺ͳϵһһʫһ仰ϰ񾩣ʮ¥ǡ˸Ҷᷢܳ
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˼ɢţ֪ôģͻȻоԼץסֺɵĸоԾصʼһһµıȻţš
һֵֺ״̬ȴָоʡ￴
ֱԼ߳Լ·ˣµĿܽ崥һ˿
ţҲ֪˶áҵĵԽԽ죬ԽԽ׺ȴܸоһ˿ԣϸ΢Ĳ
ߺߣ׺࣬㣬ϧϧʱȻһЩ˻ƵԱߴ
˭
ұŵһ飬תε棬Ǵﴫġ
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ϸ˿ڼڰĽȷʵһںڵӰǽǣ壬ֻһģӰӡ
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Ӱһһһʲôˮ߾ơ
˶٣˵ˣ֪׺𣿡
һ㶣˵սʱ׺ǲһ˼ôʱǾһá
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ʱǽǵĺӰһʫ˷ħؼ䣬оң޾ߣһӣ£ǧΨҾƽɡ
һ㶣ʫ죬ӰӾɽ棬ƽɾеһʫǰֻǾʫۻ롣ϵΨҶ𡣿ȴһд
ʫ͸ۿʵԡҡΪģһ縡һ㣬ΨеĽ뻳еľơ
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Դһ磬Щˡ
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Ϊʲô
Ϊ壬һС͵ˣֱ׳ȻӰʵķӡ
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Ȼ˵ǺǳԺƬıʵľһֺĶֻ᲻Դ
ĳ㲻ͬѡҲ᲻֮ͬԱƣеֻˣǵĶħ飬ȫһ෴˵ˡ
ۺһ仰Υģ
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ϸһǽħƻĵӰ
ʵǲĻӰٶȿ쵽£˵ѾٶĻþ
һһϰţš
ڼרעʱʱŸоʧˡ

δŴ졣
ͣ£ȻִʱһͶ䵱ɽ嶥ĹϣӲӵġһʥɫʡ
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߲ӥȻҲˣʧһϣ֪ʲôȥˡҿ͹˵ӣ϶ˡ
ˣˡǰҵļŴ򿪡
ɵ̧ͷʱȴһ㶡΢΢üңƺҴ˿̵ϢЩһˡ
ҲֵĽһ
ѹصպãʣܼţ׵ĺܼ죬æ
ˣôߣţܼģ䵱׷ôɽŵΣ͸ոˡҡҡͷȻţ˵ھ뿪ɣԺҪˣ䵱档
һΣȻ֪֣ܿȻʧ
ֻ߳ΣܵĿһۼε棬ǽһˣµŵݣϸһ¶޻ޱĺ࣬Ա߷һ͹ˮƺ«װƵġ
˭ֵʣ˲򵥣Ҹ㲦ˣʵҲ˵۹ǳ
ˣΪλ䵱ɽļ
һȵʧϾƹȼپƣҲ±߿ߣͷĴҳš
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ŹѺɽ䵱ɽԭȥ
һεһˮߣҵȥԺҪˡ
ʾ߲ӥԼҲˡȴûˮУˮ΢΢һһˮƣǰһתȶʱԼѾһƬСˡ
Ĺˣ˵ĻҰĻиʵ䵱ɽӰӣ
̾һջͦΨһϧûмţ
߲ӥһһԾ𣬷գԾ̽·ȥˡ
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ڻҰСʱҲҵһĴ䣬һͨд֡
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ϴϢʱһص绰ˣ˷ܣСӣһϢҪ㡣
üͷһȤ˵
ߺߣŮʡ粻˵Ҹְнˣϲϲ
ְнһ㶣ҪҳδĿ
ԼʵͻƴĿɽʾң˵ҿˣֻ֮ǰʵƥ䣬ҪȻҵĹˡ
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ðɣҾΪѵĽˣ˭ǰ͵ءЦ˵
СӣƤǰɡ
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Ҳû˵ʲôлһ׮׮ͰʵȻ̫ƥ䣬ȴҲֻ̫࣬ʱѡ

ٽڣɳϹ䷨̳漰ʮӣе㵣Ϣй¶ȥϾ˶ӡ
ҿĵǣ̳ûκιڹֵϢĹ˹עϾš
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ҽŲ𿪣ȷʩСױдšݲ٣һ˼ҪˣԺ󶼲ٻһ档
ҳˣ֪ȥǲȥ׿ʩСϵɵ㲻˵ʵǸˣ׼ֱޣڸʬûλȫ޷֤
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Ҳáҵ
ʩСӳģʬǱѾ׷ɱڶѾȫˡϾʬŵ鱨ǡ
Զɴȥձʵģһ˸ʬӰķΧձҲǻˣأԵùۡ
ܸʩСõı
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ٰʮ£ǿ4
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ٰʮ£ǿ5
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ٰʮ£ǿ6
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̾һǱˣԷûˣֻһûӵǱڵµĹħĿļԱ
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ĹħǺǰͲúˣҵ鱨ϵͳ¶©ˡ֪йħ
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˶ûʣҶʱЩҹһˡڣЩʲô͹ħֱΡ
Σֻòϵķŷ߲ӥȥ飬ʼ۵ĹǺ
ʬˣûÿһض˷أǷֹһЩԵ塣׶ˣСӰޡ
ضǿչأʬ˳һɶ
ͨϿԺǰһկӣҲǼƻͻһկеһկ
ڿȻ棬Ƿ͵կģ滹һڣᵽһ˵Ϣ
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ϿȲ̫չǵĶЩøͷĴĿԤ͵Ϯ
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Һ͹ϸԼ⵶ӽĿǰ棬ͨʮʮĽ󣬱ų
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һصоԼߵļʬȫնϣص򣬼Ѵ֮
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صһߣʬϡ߼ʬ˹Ҿ͵һصãָɵߡ
ⶫСĿ˵𣬵ȴȽˣص˷ãȫԶԸǡ
ûãǰڳһļʬҺ͹ϸԥ˳ֻֿʬǱ߶Գȥ
ʬǵĿ꣡



ٰʮ£ǿ7
һȣҪʱԥһԾһնʬʬǻֻбܷӦ֪ηΪһʬצһϣ׼ȷļסҵص
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ʬ˼¶ϸ̲һħƴʬľһһ顣ʬĲӵĴڱͬһҵð̣ʬһ±׾˲١
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ħǷҵĶרЩĶ
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Ķսˣ⵶һҲͶʮˣ󷽴ܽȥʬһʱ֧Ԯ
˫Գ壬˸ԵļȽϵù⣬ܿ˵Եɱ
սһ̴ﵽ塣
·˵İţҸպöһˡ

ԭҵ˾տʼ봨ʱĪҺе⣬үת̬ȣ͹ˣ˺ܳһʱ䡣
˵ҵ˾ңҲڣܸоЩԣҲٺӴֱǰʩСҪҵġѪ¶˺βͣʩС뿪
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Ƿ˴һĿÿڣʧɲᣬ໨԰֮һĵײ
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ô˵̫صһƻʬƳɹҪԸҾͲѴ֮
֪˵ڼ뻹Ҽ˵ˣֻҪ룬ְλϯԴ񲻱ǿһٱŮˣֻҪȨ͵λҪж٣
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أ
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һΪڰи޷ֻͷ½ϣ˫ִһն
أ
һ죬ҵص㱻ֶǣ岻Լĳ漱ٻȥ
Զû꣬·磬̸ϡκδϢ͵Ļᣬսʮ
Ҹɴ̽ƺ󳷣ۿԱһʯͷ˵һģٵͬʱʯͷĵ
ʯͷɨɡٶȲ˰ġ
ʱ˵±ϣ˫͵ʯһţ̡
˫Գ壬ת˲þȫֻҹһݣܲãݺݵһҪ
ƴһУãԱ͸ͬģһҲȫпܽɱã͵·硣
ɫޱ䣡ԥòһ˲͵ĺܿһ̡
˳ȥ֮͵һصն̡
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ԽԽ˳֣Ӱ糱ˮһ㳯ȥԽԽʮʵѹֻʣһ롣
쵰ҵĽ࣬ȴûܳɹұƵĲ󳷡
ܿ죬¶һСܵʱһбĽǶȡ
һתȥصһ̱ǷʱҪĵصһתľȻ࣬㹻ϡ
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صһǶȥѪ䡣
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֪ҵĽɻ⣿ЦղȻûܱϾȫҲɹ֣رǳֵ˿㹻ɵʵ
ҭһһҧãҵҪŵʱ



ٰʮ£ǿ8
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կĺģ
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ԭź͹һѧϰ˺˵ŵں֮󴴳˸ʬее
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Ƿֻʱ͸ˣ׷ݵһκǨκϱʱڡ
ܽһ仰Ļֻңֻ˸ʬţɾ˽Ŷϸ֡
׷ݵףԭͬԴģ



ٰʮ£ǿ9
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ӵʩСˣĿˣΪͨ˿ºӹһ١



پʮ£Ϊ֪
ţҺ͹ϸʬĵկӿ񱼣·ûһڣȫˣве֮ˡΨһվľΪļʬˣǶʧȥˡ
ܿ죬ұŹϸϵ˴ǰʩҵկӣҲʬĵطֻɽѾȫƿˣʯһأԿԭʬҲѵ˵ϡ
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ΪҺܺ棬󵽵ʲôܣƤƿĿ⣬˵ڵŹٵ벽Ľɣһ壬һźܹؼ壬кֻ֣ܶͬϣ̫˼ˡ
üҲҳһֱŪ¡
Լ߻֣򰵣ĳ˺ܶ˻ߴڣŲͬĿĶҡ
Ƥû˵Լһ壬Ǻܹؼ塣
Ҫģ׳Լʵҵ˻ߴڣ̣ӵˡ
ҿû˵ȻڵһһЩʲô
˶٣ƤȻֻܸ㣬һˣҲܸ˭
ˣһ㶣ܵ׷ʣ˻ˣ
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׷˼䣬ƤȴʲôҲ˵ˡϵƶϨˣͲûֱ˵Ϳ͡
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лϰޡųҿһ䣬˵һ䡣
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ʱģҾȻһСĲȶһõľʱꡱһڼžҹԵø̶

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ֵǣŹһΧȦ֮Ȼֿˣͬ
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ֻ׷ŹҺԥ˵Ǹ˲׵ģҲ֪ʲôϸ»׷ŹҪ
ϸӦһҼڽ׷ȥ̸ϣԶԶҧסŹ
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Ϻҡķɿ죬ϸԶŹķλ׷ȥһĲ̺ﱸõС壬
촬ƼҧŹĴԽ׷Խ
ңϸ粻ϵıԽԽ̡
·ȥ𣿡ʴβĸϺ
Ϻͷ˵һȻȥȥģõȽ֧ߺ֪
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˵ڰ벽ཨ֮ǰоսˮʤˮԼ
ˮµޣÿ쿪ʱҲĸСʱʱ벽ͨ
ʱ޲ó֣Թֻ
һԼ˰벽Ĵںͷ١
벽ͱһ½ˮǣܽΪˮȫޣû·



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ǻ׷׷Ӽæʣ׼ȷ˵ǿҡ
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һ׷׷˶ʮӡŹĴӵĽˣԿˡ
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˷ܿҲ˻УͬʱĵһǣŹĴʧˡ
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ˣǱסˣŪԽԽϸĿңü
˶ͣ£ɴ˳ŹǰȥղһĬΪ˶֪ôˡ
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ϺһĨͷϸܵĺ飬Ҳ֪۵ġǽŵģ˵Ƭֽ֮н֮һУûпٳȥҲδ˵֮ˮдһЩˮֻҵˮһ߻ȥˡ˷򡣡
üֻܱ⴩תתסڹǽҲ֮û˭֪ˮͨŪû֮ͨ
ǸղţŹȥҿ϶׷ģŹѾʧˡ
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ٴμСǰĻˮ̫춯
Ӷже޴ӸֻûޡҲûзǣҴ·
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СԾϸɫ΢䡣
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УǸպÿԿȴ޷оڵǣǣ
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鴬˿ĭ˵˵ʲô
Ҳһ˵˵ģ˵ˮﲻޣˮ滹鴬·飬鴬ϣóֻҵǣຣһֱΪֻһ˵û뵽ģϺĨһͷ亹˸
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̫ˣһƬǺɫƣˮףĵһС
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Ƽ鴬ڷǰ
鷢ˡ鴬ȻûٵǣͣԭأҰľͷԽԽ
ʱǵĴҲΣĹͷмһطѾƵˣ©ˮˡ
Ϻ̴Ӵһͷ϶ϡûʲô̫ãΪֳ˵ڶ©㣬Ǵ׿Ҫдˡ
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죡ϸˣĴߴ١
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ǿҪ鴬ֻʣʮಽʱ򣬴Ѿ֮ˡ׾һɸһӿˮ

ϸ統ϣΪѾˡϸץסϺץסӷһԾ
ӿĞֱȥʮಽˮУ֮Ƿˮʮಽ鴬ȥ
˵Ƿ̣֮ǰתӵ鴬˿ȴǵľݣ
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Ϻ˳ʵǿһЩŹϸĲȹĵطȥ
ʱ򣬷ӦȺ׷ƨɺ棬ƺɻʲôͨͨ鴬岽ԶԽ׳һΧ鴬ĴβһȦ
Ǽˡûзɣӽ
Ϊ޲鴬϶ԭģŪԭΣգ޸ΣաҴҾ޴ֱ˵еǷƵģȻߣȴ㹻Ĵ
ͨɫЩҸоǳϤ̫ĵ̡
ںĵعԼħǶȻͬȴʮơ
Ϸǽľ֪ʲôƳɵģֵĴзǳ䡣
Һ͹ϸܿתĿ⣬עڴмĴ񴦣ﴹµһͷƳɵˣһ˿˿Īɢ
ͷСģֻг˵ͷСֻ뵽һѷֵĹ

ʱ޼ѾǽӵʲôһˣľɸɾĶȫɣѪľмûŹ
һˮ·ɿȥܿʧԶٴλָ˾ףֻ鴬ˮ΢Ķš
ô죿ҿ˹ϸһۡ
Ѿ鴬̽ǲ̽
鴬жٿģûôһξ롣
ϸüҲò⡣
˶٣ֽĿͶϺ鴬Ǵ˵ģ֪һЩ
Ϻ˿ĭĨһϵˮ˵Ҳ֪ô죬ֻĹأʺˮȻٸָʾ¡
Һ͹ϸԼӽһͷ˵ãӰó÷Ͳֽܷ
Ȳûãҽ˵
ɻûҵ㣬ǳԾ鷢ˣ鴬ȻˣȥϢˮĴڴҲκ죬һ㣡



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Ѿ֯ڿ϶ǷһѰڲ˵ˣҪۺۣȡֻ̡
С޴
ӵͷӹȻԴķˣĸ˰ݣ׼㡣
ɾʱûз硣ûκε׵ġۡһȫ
ͷһӸһϸ͸Ϻɫһ䡣
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ܵ˼ϵĶӦӲܲ㡣
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ӵͷٴνȼĬĬţ˵ұѣдôϵҪ֡һѵĺôְݣҪ㣬ˡ
ͷƤ飬ϵĶϵľܾɲʲô¡
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ԡϸ˵㣬ȼٴ㡣

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鴬ܴ˰Ӳŵǰһͷã˺󼹱ವֱð
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һߡڶҰ˹ȣڷŴ壬Ŀڻɽڹꡣ
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ˣ˵ǰ漸ڻĻĿڣ;Բܽ͵ˡ
ڤڤ֮УƺһָҵЩػס
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˿˫۱ţְķڶϣȻһϮ£Ȼ˵ľޡ
ǡƤѩµûκ覴ãӣ筣̺죬¶һ˵ߡ
ǧ˿ī졣ӨҲκһ˿ȱݡ

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ҼܶˣÿμһɨȥϢǾþõ𺳺޾ĻζÿһΣûԶԺֱľͷ
˿̣ţĽë໥һ˿Ȼ󣬶һޣһ˸߸ϵŮ˯ߣκ˾ţĳ˯
𺳹΢˵֮Ǿ޴ɻ󣬰Ϊʲôڹײ
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ˮȷʵ֣Ϻû˵ΪǾĽ塣
ĵطͷϵһɺǣצӣҲצĵطͣĿڣҲûô޳ҪһЩȴӴ׳ͨۼɭɭÿһƬ۶һô
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ˮһ¾˴ħ棬צݺݵץϣʱϾ˸
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ҵƱһ׹⼱ٵĳɢһ˲Ϣʱɨǵ鴬ϣǳɨȥ
Һ͹ϸ绹áֻ˼Ӻ͸Ϻֱӹڼװϡ
ĵ׷̫ⷨۻˣನðе˿סˡ
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䣡
ɫէ֣ѣΧĺˮܵƲٴλΪһɾ˳ɢ
˳ԾǣһӲӲȻʹһһҽˮ档
Բۣ
ҡϸ硢ͬʱһ
ħſŲۣȻһ֮ȥ
ѾǿǸ޷ĲΣ
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ȻϸҲ𾪲ѡ
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ˮʵǿݸԸаһĶֱǼƷеļƷ
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СĽӴһ£ûʲôΣաǱסϸ
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ոշװϣӱȲȥǱ飬һʮɫŮĴȡ
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ħǵȻȥտҲϿճħҲʧˡ
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ҵͷս濴ƾУ;Ҫħǿܶࡣ
ϸȥͻ֣ᷢÿħŶԺ䣬ŭ岻ĺƣȻǿĺܳ
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˵֮ǰһĻ𺳣Ǵ̼һĻЩңǱ׳ˣ
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ҵͷˮǺεǿͨı붳סǸܵġΨһĽǴħͻȻ֮һĶ
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ˣָ˵²⣺ħͬھ
²Ҳ׼²⣬Ͼֻǲ²⡣
ˣȥ𣿡½ߡ
½߲ûѾǿǽʥأʮУʸȥѽ
һȻҲӻ˵Ҫȥιۣעˡ
˵ҹ쵰һģ֮ûӰ̫ûˡȻҵȥһҪˡ
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ʵڲף֯׻ʲôĿģҪͰ벽ꡣ
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ˣǾһƽ̨ܽЩһһ̶ϿԶһԽԽҵҴ֮ս
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կҲİ׼Ѿֳ˱ȵ̬ȣغĺҲҪկɫ
ؼǣҺկڻǽ˵ĹϵҺһϼϷڶӵĻȨ
Ҫ˵ļܹƲȥġ

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Ͱźˣӡӵ˵˵绰
һӡճһˣΪ׵ʶǱȵһСĿֱӹϽ
Ŀˣ˹ǰ˳š
ҵͷ죡

سǵ·ϣӸ˵˵ǣͷ齨˵飬ȱĻҪ죬˵Ѿһˣźܿн
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̩ɽȻɽȴʼҵķ֮أȻ̩ɽ֮Ϊ嫣˼ܻϣȥǿЩʲôƲ
ҵͷ˵ʵҲ뵽ˡ̩ɽλɽճĵطƵ
ϾƹȻȥͳʱȥһˣ¡ӵ
ʲô΢΢һˡ
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ûʲôԲߣܷչ𣿡ұ
˵ļпܣͨһ򿪣ûܹ˲ŪÿÿͶ귵ͨȫĴ޷Ԥ⡣
Уظֻܽס꣬޷ȫչţΪ䴴֮ʱʹڵģ̫࣬ûа취һһաӵ
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ĿǰûУһҪˣӦԲҪͿ̿ˡص
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ڸҶѾʼ֣û̸ɣпܵľǸɨǰѩҹ˸ҵģҲҪٱȵ֣׼ʣʱֿٵħﳱ˵
ǰ벽Ǳ߲°ɣܽûеʲô֮˰벽࣬ǸλñκһλöΪҪ
ӵ벽Ǳߺܳסʱû¶ܽļƻһƽӦÿнˣϸĵ˵
˵ãָ֮һ˱ƽ

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˲ŸոöԵĸټܣһݾ·˸ҴС
֮ͬǰԤϵǰ㣬˵ľȸɨǰѩ鱨ɺӦ䣬УԮ
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ֱôħ϶ΪϮĳҴ壬ǱĿġ
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˵ף䲢ǵظУҲǵһ޷ƿһС˵ıףظ㣬ڴ֮
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ЦЦҲ˵ʲôˡź磬źķһ㱻϶Ϊš
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һȻһ紵֮ǰࡣ
һ΢΢һԲɵģǹ
ͬʱۼһȫܿˣЩŵֽǮˡ
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Ǳֻȥģҳһһеġ룬ʣħȺҪɢ
Сֽ˹ͷԣǽɢ򿪵ֽͨǮһλöУͨԽԽп֣ܳȻҲࡣ
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Ұһ䣬ʩСָߣǴǿҪͻϣ
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ҶʱüعӦûѡΪۺת֮ǰĵҹû֪ͨ
ЩͿˣعΪظ϶ȻҹһҲǺ֪ۺ۵ıЩʲô
̵ֻ֪٣عظֻĵĶֻ̡
̶ֻʧظȫͿԸ컻ˡֵǣʱ䷴ǵظȽƽͰ벽Ѿˡ
ֻҵظֻصĺģйٱʡתǡƿʱջغ͸ߵƿˡع
ƿ̵ֻ˳ۺۣ˭׷ʣܿץһ£Ժ̸ֻ߶ء
عԳһ£˵ֻһֱڴƹܣӲʾˣ˵ҲδƿĴڳ˴ֻۣǸ˵еĽˡ
˵еĽɣæʣɵ˭
ˣ
֮ǰػ˵ÿζҸһǾͷ׷׳Ĭһֶ˵ЩֱӰҶȥ
㱾Ҳ̫عȴҡͷ˵˾ΪʱǸʹʧˣܸоĴڵĺۼڵظš벽໹йƺĴڣ֮ϵЩ˵
ǸǹҼʣôףýֺͷҲ֪ǸνĽɣԺ߰˿ĪĹ
û֤ݣһǸɲҲǹǡعɫȻһ£ң³һ֣ħ
ħ׻𺳡
ŵռһӾʦȥƵ֮ռһԣŪѪһغ
̽ħ
û뵽ԼػǸɣħ
ع²ûǾͶˡ
عΪظ϶ûһյ£ӦſڿӲǡ
˵ħģһ£ʣǰ¸ҵģʱ۵߸Ĳᡣ
ϵرǸطľ鶼˵˭˵ħԻᱻ֮Աǣˣӱ̢
˵ڵģħģħʵڡ
عһۣϲû¶飬ͷԣħ죬ħ֮ĸ
ħ֮ĸҲ¶Ծ飬̲סͺһȻؾҴļ̳˶δš
źڼɻʲôΪʲôħȴòϣҪһЩڵڸǣ
ʣĶϸ˼֣Ҳ²һЩҿ϶ȷġħĹϵƺǢ
ħ٣Ҳŵһ仰زʣΪۻ飬תǧۡħǰۻˡع
ˡ
زʣΪۻ仰ӵ¾µĵһ䡣
Ŀλá
ţĽ֣һƣһġ
ƵĽǣġνʣҲνʡûȡʲôꡣؿǸĲݹһûжرãر
˵ͨ׵㣬ؿһģ˭رãҲ˭ر𻵡һȻչ
仰˵ʲôӣԼΪ޹ء컹Ǹ£ػǸɵص£һҹȻġ
Ľ;ϵ˼زʣۻ
ʹıϡϲǶԲжôĺãжôİΪ˽֮ɱȡ˿
仰ڶʱʦᵽǵһ֣ơҲһֱΪǵһ֣һֽ⡣
ӵ˼زʡ׵һ仰
ԣͺһΪڸǡ
ѵħҪ𣿡һ䡣
ҿعҲҵĵ⡣ͬʱҲ벻ͨ⡣ʷأûжٸ˵ʱѾ̫ԶѾ鳾
֪ǰ˯ЩˣЦɣɲȣѾ֪ʲôPͬҲơ
ֻа£ħ֮һЩ˲֪ôһˡ
ع㱾Ҳ޷ش㣬һɣʧ̫ͺħйء
ҵͷ˶ʣħȥˣжôǿ󣿻߻⣬
ħȴԴΪۻܣ̫ˣҲ̫ˡϹŴ˵̹ſٵأ̹ģħٵء
عõһ̫Ĺűħ⣬⵽ıͲö֪ˡż̫аݹϰףʵǰݵĲǹħǱŴ۸˼¼
̫ħɽǵȴħأһαסˣصĶ˲
عͷ̫Ľѵ泹׽ħΪɣÿڴüأһоڸǡ
ʲôĿأȲʡ
عôһͣͽ̫ݹϰסħءѾǽЩˡ
ȫԿ϶ǣ벽ࡢħأܿԴ̫֮Ϊħǡꡢ鴬̫
ԲɺϣһɺϣҲȫǡ



ٰʮ£ʧ
йıҲͬö֪عֱҡͷһȥѯļͬʱ˯ġ
ҳĬˣ㲻˵ԼҲ֪ǰ¸ͲҡŹ˵֪̫ûôʵǿʱ
δһмˣһ°벽ֶܷ࣬Ըҹ
벽ķͷһǸ¡
ǹȡ벽࣬һ벽ֵܲܵסǸδ֪
ŵ˼벽Ԯȥ֧Ԯ仰˵벽಻ԮԹۡ
˵ﻰﲻˬԭĿиߴĵҲ˼֡
Ҫ֯ռȽϾ¾ҪŵԴһʺˡ
ʱֵ¡벽赲סħﳱ룬ʱ򻹸벽ʵЩˡ
عⷬҶԵظĹ۸кһЩڵظѾûۺۣعû϶ͷˡ
ңѾ̬ȡٿ˦ʮ֡
ħ˰벽࣬磬²ǰ벽£Ҳ˾ءع
ҵͷҪǣߴȻû⣬֪Ǵô
ܼ򵥡ǼֻҪ벽кһ̼ûκº̳ˡع
۾΢΢һȫ˵ǳˡҶʱعӡתһأ׼ڴӦȻԺе
ۺۣ
˵òۺָʾعôİɣҹ֤ݣۺĸۺΪ
ۺ϶
Ҷعʣ֪˭ģǴۣ
Ȼһ͸ع΢΢һЦ֪𰸣ֺʣ
һͷãмˣҲұ֤벽Եź͵ظܾ裬սͷҲͽôˣع˳ǸԿ˸ס
عͷˣǱϢ˵㻺黯ΪһʧˣӰ١
ҹԭأعˣһСӣԽҲ̫ˡҪ־ڴˣͰùͷաաˡ
ףʲôʱ¹
˵ţȴһ㣬عΪظۺ֮µһڣĹҪ˵ûѹǲܵġ
ˣҲ㶷죬ڰ벽ƺܲãļ˿϶Ų̫ãҪ׼ǧþ治ʰʱ֪ͨ볡ҹǵ˵
ҵͷİɣһᾡȫȰġ
ʵҪʱ򣬰벽ҲûѡˣҪǾǶشٰ벽һ֧Ԯ
ˡϴ˵ĳ¾ͬȥһ£ʧˡҹһ£˵
ʲôƤһʣʧʲô˼
ǲҲ¼ҹȴй飬С֪зʮֻת˵ʮֻ鵽ûͶ̥ļ¼
ʲôɻ
һ䣬úõô˵ʧپʧ٣תǼ¼ɲĨ
¾ͬǳΣ֪ԼһǧҲغ塣ԡұΪӦǺֻתȥˣɽȴôһ
¾ͬǿں峤壬иģ֮ǰЩ٣ʼûҪҡ
ҵˮ߲ӥ֪ٴξҵҲǵԳˡ
ԣͻȻȥϢʱǺܵģôһʱЩŭˡ
ûпܣתǲйٱдģļ¼û취Ĩģǡҹҡҡͷ
Ǵۣɻ
Ҳ뵽һ㣬¾ͬǴ۵ӣ㹻ڲ¾ֻͬ̿תǣȫԡȵȣ
ԣ
¾ͬʱתѾ˹
ۺûпĨתϵļ¼ҪĨҲǹ

Ǵۣǳ¾ͬ͸ȥתֻˣǸɸɾΪԴ۵ӡ̫ƫˣ۲ûƷĴڡҹ΢΢üȻۺۡ
ҶĻÿɷ¾ͬתͶ̥Ĩ˼¼һۺ۸ɵģֻ̻ϡ
һ֮ǰĲ²ͿģߵǸֻ⣡
ΪֱʧЩˡ
¾ͬûͶ̥ʧˡ͸ˣŪǱˡ
ȷûֻأҿҹ
ҰһЩתǵĹǶ˵û¾ͬ޷֤Ǽٷְȷҹ
Ҷʱüͷ¸ˣ¾ͬŪ汻ˡ
ǳ¾ͬʬأûʡ
ҹҡͷ˵¾ͬôĶ֪Ը޴Ӳң˾֮ٶȷǳ죬ҵõϢʱѾȹˣΪתֻˣȥתǵļ¼֪ûС
ҳĬһ£ʣĻʲô⣿
˵ܣ˶Ŀʧҹ
Ļֻдйٵϲˡѵ
۾һеɻûʣҹȴֱҡͷ˵ƹڴйϣǳ˽κԽصǰвͨ飬ֻдйٲŶĵ
عأǵһסܿ԰ɣʣع־岻ʮ˧˲ȼ
Ҳûܣ
ҹҡͷ˵Ǽһ˵˽һǲ֪ͨعءϵκ˵𣬰־
һͷ˾ҲУ
ҹҸ㣬йٵǵظĵʮһ־ȴʵƹйٱʡֻã̸ֻ˭ҲˣκӡЩƵĻʮţλߣȴ⡣
üͷ壬˶뵽Ƥ֪ûʲô취
вͨĲģ
ӦǾ仰ûв͸ǽ
ʮȫ˾žһῪһȴͲˣѲһ춼ûУ
뵽⣬Ҵ⡣´μƤʱæ취Ǯ⡣
һ׷飬벽Ǳץ㣬Ǳ߿ܲҲһ£ڣġҹ
һͨġظ̬Ҳᴫ˵
ҹͷкһڰʧ
ѾҲŷӦһûǹںһ˵ģ÷һմҲ֪ǲۺ۸ɵġ
ҰԼһ䡣ôҪ¾Ȼˡ
뵽ʱƽţ治̫Զһˣ»˵
ţҺ˱ȡ
ֲ̫֮ģȥ֬ڰ벽ڴ¸ʣֶ룬ǧܳʲô
ȵ˵طһ˫è۴
һ£ӿһֺˣѾһû˯ˣңȥƤ¿͡
һûƤ¿ͣʣӺȻ۾˵ŶˣŹղˡ
үĲ˵ҵһۣʣأ
ָһҼæܹȥȻŹǧѸղع˵ҪһԿ˵һ飬ʡһ˰벽ࡣ
ŹææµµװʣĬãص֪ˣʼӽ䡣
˵꣬ȻкҲûͻһʧˡ
ҡһȰ˵Ļȫҭںû
̬Ѿ䵭ˣֱǱ䣡
Ŀ磬һ£ο˵֮϶Ĭһս˵⣬˾ˣعھᡣ
һͷһսķۣȷʵЩĬ档
Ҳֻˡ
ʱĵ绰Ȼ½˼䣬Ц˵
۾һпˣ
ͺ÷ءմԭǸòˡ



ٰʮһ£
ڶ죬Һ绹Ƥ¿ȥӻ
򵥵һٽӷ󣬺̱ȥ˰úͺ÷صı
Ͱ簲ŵģطЩأҲǵһܲİͻԱҲ൱ɡ
÷غͺʱһɵɵĿбӣͫɢʧȥ㣬ûʶ
ǰϸļһ£˵ʧꡣ
ʧꣿҺһۣЩ֡
ʧֽо˻ꡣ˼ǻǱ壬߸ɴǱʲôˡ
صǻԣȻͥӡúһλ÷ڣ۾Ϸֻ۰ײͫȽˡ
ص㺣÷غͺûС˲ɫϢ澡ЩСë㽡
Ǵġһͺܿࡣ
ʧ̫ѽ̲סʣ֮ǰûⷽȥ롣
ѵǴ˵еꣿȻ뵽ʲô
ꣿҲԡ͵ķӦǣҺͺ鰲ǵ֣ںʱ򣬺鰲ĻǱҽ۲ŰѻǸ
ԭһģֲͬͺ鰲Ӧ˵ǻ꣬˼ñĶ滻ǻ֮ĶϸĽ͵
ҵͷǣǣΪꡢػ˻꣬໥֧ţȱһɣȱһʣµΪʧȥ֧Ŷɢȥ
ɢ˱ˣɢʬ㳹׸áνɢôġ
һߣҪסʣµͱȡʩҪôǿзסҪôѰĶ˵һЩĶ
̳һ£˵ľԲ˵΢һĲ㲻롣ʧĳ񾭲򱩱УͶ̥ĻᶼûСǵַ꣬൱һġ
˿Ļȷʵۺ۸ɵˡԭǲģƤ¿Ͳһ䡣
̵ͷ
һ£ʣ꣬Ļأ
˵ˣۺĿΪǱ죬ĺܾܿǳؼֻصĵػꡣ̵
ˣػĵһ˻ɢȥ֮Ȼ⣬ɢءػ겻ᣬֻأֻҪ⣬һһֻȥ
ͬʱػҲ˵ļ䣬Ĩ͵ú
ڵе¾ͬ°ͷ
һ㶣ҲӦ˹
¾ͬˣȻʧ٣÷غͺȻûػȱʧʵʬ⣬ػ걻滻ߡĳ˵Ҳʧ١
ͬһġ
Ҳ֪мûʲôۺͬһַ棬¾ͬʧۺ۸ɵĻ
ʲô취ȷ𣿡ʡ±
ۺת֮ضʲôͼıģȻҹһٶǿۺ۲аĴڣҲš
ؼǣ֮ܿ䵽ʲôĹҵλתƣʲô
¿ֻȥýˡ
ýһ㶣Ǹý
ýܶȡǵˣν˾Ȿˡýǵзǳ͵һ֣ġ
ںʱ򣬲幫֮Ŵδӷضҵĵţû˲幫ȥҽǸýŪ幫Ŵδӷԭ
ʲôʱȥһˣЩȲˡǿ̽ۺ۶Ҫ
ýӺܸߣܼģȵ
΢΢üʱȥ˺ܾòŰ°ֱ꣬˵ýô򽻵
Сˣ͵ԼӦûһЩ̺Ȼ˵
ҲͷýӺܸߣֻ˲ݡ
˵ãԼҲһˡܼӵ֡
֮ҺְѵظԸ֧Ԯ벽սϢҲ˵˺
ڵפ˵ĴկӦЯʬȨ㲻ͨ˽ŵĶԼһЩݾİ취
̵ͷڲڶ԰벽Ϊעٽ·һЩ̲ȡʩŸˣµظ̬ӦûԵʩһѹ²˳٣פȥһ¡
Ұϲˡ룬ֶ˵ͦ棬ʺڵļҵĻȨ
˵ˣʵǵռ˾ԵĻȨͨҺѺȣֻǽ飬Ȩڵš
̵ֱɽ´ӣɽĳɽĻƾʿ䵱Ʋˣļγɾ飬ǻ޿ɸġ
ҵͷ˵ԼͼһӣҲϴε˽ʬկħʬǴΡ
ţأ˵𣿡ʡ
ţ൱ǿģ𼶱˼ùĳһ
ֻ̫ˣܶ˶֪ĴڣΪԲˡҡţĵšţָһֱԵţ֪ŵָͬ
ţӰŵľֻ֪꣬ҪѡһͻȻ䵱ΪɽħԤԣ֮ʧˡ
ҡҡͷû˵ƺЩɻ䣬˶ٶǵ֮оԼȥˣ·СעⱣܡ
ҺӦһȻƤ¿뿪
ȥıӰüͷŤͷ磺òǡǸ˰ɣ
˵ڻأ뿪һʱȴˣƤ¿ͷûèҴšǰ;£ǲ֪ʲôʱ򹴴ϵġ
ԣһۡ



ٰʮ£ɹ
Һһ졣
ҵ֪Ƥ¿ʵʱͺͺйˣֻǲ죬ڶʱŽͷ
ϸǵ˺ܾõĵݡ
˵׿ʵվһͦġ

ڶϣҿʡǱߵĶϢ˵ݹȥǱѾӦˡ
Ҵϲ׼Ȼźͺ÷ɳӣ߸ֱϡ
Һ絥һͷҿ·;еԶýסڽ®ϲг̽һǧٹλڸ潻ɽ¡
˵Ǹͼˣ·ϻ˵һЩйý飬˵ýͨ긽ˣŮӣ뱣ִ֮Ͳˡ
ԣýǼ崫СʦͽһýҪһͱȥѰҺʵļŮͯСʼղܳΪýഫ
ǸͼýѾаˣźͷж൱ߵ֪ȡ
˸ٵʱѾˣ֮Сʱɽ·ڵһСǰ
ԶԶǾͣˣеĵӲƷֱֻ׹ȫͳڳϣΪ˵ýϲִĶ
ȥҷִӺ⡣ǼܴΧɵȺ䣬ΧԲģﱤôߡ
Һеıԭؿźͺ÷ؽ塣
ͼһܶصȺ֮Դһ֣͡ΪϻԶǴǨġо󲿷ΪսҴӱǨ룬;ڵأԲų֮Ϊͼˡ
ͼǨʱһңǨ㣬֮Ŀף޸޿Ժܵ˵żѹȺ
ΪԱǲò޽ڵﱤΧݣһǾסһǵĵˡ
ҴѧʱͬҵͬѧǿͼˣԶЩ˽һЩ
ڴ֮ǰͼ˺ͱΪع壬ǿìܷǳȺͨ飬ӣʱе
ʱΧݾͷӲСá
߽ӣһΧȻǺṹǳʵȫڳǽˣҪûִڣҪѶȻ൱ߡ
Χݻǣ๰Ҳ
вףֻҪѹһܣ˭ҿһȻΧݷŵʱֻǰˡ
˿̣Χвͯ֡
ϸ۲һ£ɳһĳ˺ö࣬߱ȱȽǡѾ΢ˣȻʣ󲿷ֻ¸֮ĶԣûϺͿ
ǽҲ֣ø̧ͷһۡ
ܿ졣ߵΧݴſڣһǱ裬صСŮһһܹ磬ɵף㡣
Сãǵݹģʦɹһ档Ц˵˵Ӷݹȥһǡ
СŮ۾һ̰ùȥ𿪷ŽֽϸĵСŽ¶źĶǵİɣɹһ˵Ҫ
ӦһȻҴź÷ظСŮ߽Χݡ
߽ȥһΧĲ㣬ľʽṹһ۵Ūãһһɢ˲ټݣΧɹ˸·ʹ֮ģΪҡ
رǼݵ㣬ζ̫ţһŨŨũϢ
֣źͷ׹ĸϿͼýλֵط
ڵũطѾС󷿣СɽˮģҲݼˣסԱȳҪԵ̫ԭʼ˵㣬Ⱥ廹
һûе֮ĶȻ綼ûͨ˼ƶȥı·ȥˡ
˵㣡
СŮֱӴȥΧߣΧݵλԱԱߵҪ󣬿ƴģŽա
ſںСŮǵһ±Žȥˡûãֿ̽ͷǽȥ
Һźͺ÷ؽݡ
СŮְŹϣǴ˺ã˿̣һۣͷɴŮϣϸϸš
ǰһ֪ʲôĹƷһľ裬ľһˮ̵ƺϵŮһģһ
ݸһʾ˾ǶɹãȫŶ䡣
ΪûѪԵϵǸŴиýյģŲȡȡһֶ䣬жɹá
Ŷ䲻ô򽻵֪֮ĶжţҺû˵վţꡣ
ûãŶһ٣˫ֽһӡ˼ݣȻת˹
һʱҸеǳ⡣
еɹȫͬһʮŮƤģϳˣէһ˾޵ĸо
ɫȫͶŴҲ˿Ĵ帾òͬܵ壬һֳʡ
еľ޴󷴲һ㶡
ŶתĿϣܸźɴĸоͫ͵һƺʲô𾪵顣
΢΢ü϶ʲôȴÿʡ
Ŷ俪ˡͬǳö
ǡӦһ
·ϸңŶϲĻشҲطΪס
һ˵һж˵Ҫ졣
𣿡Ŷתͺ÷ء
ԡҵͷ
Ŷȥ޳ָں÷ضͷѨλϣ۾
һ̣һɺǿϢŶɢ
ͷߣ
ĶɹþȻһߣдԼʮңҵһЩҲ㹻ˣϾͷģ¡
һѹ˵Ŷ䲻ô򽻵ԭʵټǱȻ˭ɫҲÿˡ
һŶۣǻȥɡ
⡭
ұܵĿʺ÷صɻճڣȴһ£ֹҡ
һʱ֣ŶȻüɫЩá
һڻȫҭںʱˣӦһ˳ȥ
ҸϽ뿪ΧݵˣøǵĶɹԼ˵˵ҲûáҪ˵һ¾͵ûơ
ץץͷ˵Ҳ̫Ѵ򽻵˰ɣһͷ
ɫ¾ԲǼ٣Ҳˣ緵˳ӡ
ϳźҲŸ˵ʣǵõȵʲôʱ򣿡
ҪôҪôֻܵˡ
εĵͷµҲֻˡ
֮뵽Ŷʵ˵ɹþȻһߣҲͱҲˡ
ӵĿһۣҪɲű»㣬еı˦ʮ֡
ļٵģҴһ
źͷȷʵеر漰ֺܾĶŻûʲôð취ܶʱ͵Щý
ýʵڷеġ
˵һ̫ǡǣŽнɡ˵һʮᣬԵκμɶֲ˵ģ⣬ýˡ
ڴǰһӵǿҲֻ޲ߡ
ΪأӸҲö˵ס˵ýר˵ĻǴ򽻵˵ģ仰˵ĵ˵ģҪԸ㣬취ǡ
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ϵʱСŮıĴӴˡ
Һ³ӭȥֻ¸һǣСŮɹúǽȥ
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ʱ鷢ˣ֧Ȼһ£ͺ˭㴵յİ볤۶ϣȥ
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˵꣬ŶתСŮȸܹ⡣
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Ŷϸϸϵţ׹ԽԽ
ܿ죬׹кȻһʵӰϸϸһȻ˺÷ء
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ⲻòһɣѵºħ֮䡣׼ȷ˵ǰ벽ħ֮䣬ʲôɣ룬ظǵšǲҲˣ
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ĻھʣһˣۺôĶҪʲô



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ŤͷĿң˵⻰ôûӦôӶɹ˵𣿡
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СŮҡҡͷҲ֪ǲ֪ǲ˵תıˡ
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ŶһοҵʱͫһȻǷʲôܳԾ£Ҿϡ
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ҺһЦһоڲС
һҺ緵رЪһҹ
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⻹Ϊǵû깤ԤƻҪӡ
ڴÿ춼̵ʣĲãϺַһ嵥оǴϴʵֻ̫٣Ӷࡣ
Ϣǡ̻ص֮󣬰ѵظ֧Ԯ벽˳ȥȻ֧ԮûɿڣʵĹӦϵ˷֮ţĹƷԴԴϵ벽ࡣ
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ʱһ벽ĽٶȺܿ죬Ҫһ켴£취ҲֻҪˣԤʱһ롣
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˵֮ǰİ벽һҵԵĳУȽϺΰھһͷġޡ
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ЩѺ˷ŻûУ֪ôġһֲõԤС
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Цָһʣ½ͳأ
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ͷһ֮ǰҺܽʱûôɺϵ¡Ū½ɽڼܽһ뿪ˡ
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Ц쵽˲ԣһʿСͷĿ߶˼䣬ʿӦ£ת뿪
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½ɽʮа˾ˣڼ飬Щ˶ˣܽ
ǵĿֻǷ󣬱˿»ṷǽЦҲס̴ǳţŲ÷ĵطȥ



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ϡںͲдĶϱڲԫ৵ˣǼӱ㵽ǡ
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ʱһһݵĵɴ۾ƺԼĳױնϡ

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ЦҲͬ˽
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һ˵鷳ʵʮʱ䣬е¡ƴ˹Ȼ£ƴƴ˸ǿƿֲ
Щ𺳣˵ûɵħʬԭǿ󣬺ηΪǱһʬ壬ԶȽӲĽʬʬöࡣʬˮƽ˦ʬʮ֣
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ŵϵħʬ뵽ʩСģж֪ǲǳ֣ѾɽΪʦɽء
ܵģĿ⳯ɨȥʱԶһһӭҵĿתҴȥ
΢΢üĿ˲䶣ĽϰıӰôеʩСġ



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䣡
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С޴
Ȼ٣
ţͳղŹȻû뿪һֱŸĶҺԼûмˣ
үģƿڴЩɫŸͷͦ󣬵֫ͷԼ򵥵ĽɫСޱ
ҸӦţͳϢƶӣʧˡ
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ֹӣϢٴʧ
ǱһӡûӦ쳣׳ŵӻӲ̧ͷСĹ۲ܡ
һžûκ쳣
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·ڤʱҳţ濴һۣѾľмһڽηʧӰ٣״䱻Ĩȥ
ûൢ飬Ѹͨڤܵ棬˳ڤķۺǽ
ڤϢɭʱʱһЩ΢춯Ӧδڵظ
һΣಣ
Ȼһʲôܶٳҽӽ
ε־ȻǼֻںһ飬Ѫ۱壬˻ųҳϲǺһëҰײҰ׵ģˡ
С
ֻһԾֱţٶ൱졣ϡƽˡ
ΪʮӰ㽫һֻնɱһֻһŸ߷ɡźֳֻһ˲佫߰˿顣
ЩȻηʵ治ô߰ʮеˮ׼
鱻𣬶ʱɷɻҡͬʱһƺҲͷŵС
üͷһ壬ħ
ԭǹմȾħ֮ħˣɱ顣
ظҲħǺ֢ˡħɢڿУżĳЩĵطۼһմȾͻᱻħ
ڵһģһѳ׸ԭЩֻǾţȡά棬һħͱü߹ԡ
ɴˣҸӼᶨסǵľģħﴳ磬Ȳ˵ֱ˺ּӵµ˲ɱ㹻Ϳ̿ˡ
ûͣҼӿٶȳۺǿ
ڤƺʲôĲã̫ƽԾΣյö࣬ʱʱܳϮҡ
ﻹã򲻹ܣ߸ӦҵϢˡһȫǲݵľ棬ر鷳
һ·ɱһ·ǰоգûñؿ
ԽԽۺǣмٵơ
˵ھŵأԶԶۺңң
ȴѣΪڤݺύԽԽܼѾȫϡȥˡ
ڤϵѲߣһȥͻᱻ֣Ȼ̲顣
ۺǵΧ
ֻʱǱһʱ䲻֪ôˡ
Ҫţͳ첻֪˾ֱӴۺǿ壬ԽԽáܰץйȥôҲܽӽعˡ
ţͳ֪ˣһʲô֣ԼóȻȥһͷײǾ׵군
ղŵĻпܡ
ˡһǿİ֣档ţͷ棬治ţͷͬһӡ
ô죿
Ұȴ޿κΡֻѹĵȴСֽ˹ȥ֪ͨҹȥˡڻû֣Ȼ˳ϣ
Թʱ䣬ڵɫӦѾˡһʮСʱѾȥ֮һ
ʱ仺ʶһСʱڤûж
СʱСʱСʱ
Сʱ󣬻ûж
ҼĲˣ벻ٵˣʣһʱ䣬³֮Ҫϻذ벽࣬ŵСʱ㡣
һҧҾܵĿڤѲߵˣһһʹӴ˹ȥ
оգ
֮ǵڶڤԽԽѲߺ͵ԽԽ࣬ʱһУӵʵҲԽԽǿ
;˧죬һͱˡ
ִˣ䷢ңһվס
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һҧλʵܲ죬һȦ͹
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˿̣ǰѾӦˣڹǰŽգʵ൱쳯ҶԳ
ﰵ࣬κһԼսʤ֮İңô࣬ϹŽգԼûʲôð취
֮ǰ̫ˣѶȱĸߵöࡣ
ƴˣ
һҧγصݺݳȥ
Ȼû·ǾɱһѪ·
ӭ죬ʵ൱жİꡣ
ҲӦҵϢɫһ䣬ѳìݺݵĳҲǶȷǳꡣ
ȥģ
ǿŤһǶ棬һնȥ
أ
ѳìʱնϣץסһ϶ݺݵײ˽ȥһײһ򣬲ˤ
ҵٶҲһ³࣬ڱϡ
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ﻹۺǣֻǳһʵأҪǵҸɱ˵Ҳ˵
ߺߣţ˵Ҳû뵽ˡһЦĿɱ˸
˿ĭ̵׼ƴ
һ̣͵̧źݺݵĳҶ
˳ȥ͵һԱӴܡȻ벻˹أǾͰѶһ㡣һ
أ
ȿգʱõرݣسǶһϯͬʯӡҷӡ
ܣ
Цһ޴ĸìݺݵĳֲƻû
ͷȫʢ֮µĵظͳ治ǸǵģȻºɽ֮ǿ֣ҲдơҸҵв
޴ĳì׳ͬ߸ˣرһѷ죬ұɰʯĻʹһĲûˤڵء
۸ˡֻСǹƽĸһܣŭһ񱼣˳һǼ
ãǱͳ㣬ʡô̫ע⡣
Ϸʵ˵޴ĹСͳһߣһسɴһ͵Һ棬ìֱҺѣٶȿ쵽˼顣
Һ󼹱һᵶһ
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ڲԶ˫ֽ棬ߣͦ󣬻Ϊжأԭ˲һ
ĨһǵѪվ˽еˮƽѺУҧðҵҪõظͳмＸ
ڣ¡¡ϹʼڣĸӦս⣬ˡĿʼ죬һɹɵ֫ٺϹ⻥Ӧⶼɶţ΢
ˣǽ챾ͳʶʶʲôˣһ𣬺ì
ֵ¼£ҽһģ㳯˹ȥΪһӰ
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汻ҵϢɫ΢΢һ䣬Ÿìһܡ
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ҵսȼգϣ
ԲԼѾ˺ֻܶܶ࣬һֱûʵĶ֣޴Ӽ顣
û˿ʤ㣡
Ҫǿôһ㡣һЦһûʲôã
˵ֻ꣬ԭһӰһ˲۽ǰһìųɨ
һԾ𣬿ܿһȥ
Ԥϵд˷ӦյĳìһתޱȾ׼Ļҵĵϣ΢΢һƫһ㳯һŷ߹
ĵһǧһ֮Ҳ˲ϷˣһŤ㳯ͳֱȥ
һȫˣΪһǳĿȥģҵǳֱȥġ
أȻö˵
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ˣȻصìסǿȴ񵶶ٴն档
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汾һ·磬ֱҲֿĿ񹥴Щ˷ִ硣ֻмܣɡ
ΪеķӣҲҪһ
СӣйӺݾ
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ұһԼ֮ҲֻǱƵеǱһмסˣһԼ͵ù
Σֻúᵶһ
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۵һ³һѪԴһκڣûȥʹ
ߣʱͷһԼȥļ£һ³¶ˡ¶¡ţͬһ㣬ըԵ
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ȥ
һ
һûȥһؿڣٴͬߵķһ㣬ˤ˳ȥֶ
ô
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ҷһᵶն˫ȡ
һһ˲乴ϣһƤһˤȥ
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⣬ŲԽԽ
ȥүʹȫͷ˫ִȥһ˲Ҳ˦һѪ
ìһ̣ȻޱȾ׼âһìҵˡ
ûϵͱһѧ棬Ѫһ¾бб˦ϣһֻ۾
̡
ѪճȥʱͬҵĸһƵĻð
һһƺߣͬ硣
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پʮ£ֱ
ͣ
ûκ⣬ӳֵľ̵ֶݺݴϹ˽ȥֱ
أ
һ̣һϥײ㽫ײͬڵһٴκɳȥѪһ쭡
ֻоһҵκϮԺͬīһ㣬ôѲ
쵰
Զһܻŭ
˺һһ˿ڻڰһָһߡ
ݰ٣žʹζ̵˿ڴĻӿ
̵һ⣬ձ˳ƺһųìһˤ
˦̵ݺݵĶңҧгݣСӣȻңһһ򱶣
ڵȫˣ漴ʹΪСҲҸһأһϥײعϣ߹Ǿϡһ£ؿʹһȥ
Ҳ᲻ˣֻڷţһɹɵůȫԭҲڷɿת˱ˣʱǳˮн
ѩϼ˪ǣ泯ҹˡɫȻήңȻǿ
Ҵͷţ
ߵǰһì㳯źݺݵֻǵһ϶Ὣڵɢ
ĳìݺݵĴì΢ìδ䡣ֲȴһҶˡ

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һֳìȻһסˣǳ죬ǰ޳ġ
ҴϲϣҷԱһ뿪ì·һɨԶһϮ£ݵ䣬Ӣİ޳Ķ档
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ˣŭ޳ʲô˼
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ʱʹһЩǿתָһץסֵĵվ
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Сֽ˹
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޳ţͷ治ͬԭ͵ߣ͵й
ţͷǿһٱ
ܾйپعĻٺòˡ
ҰжСֽ˹ĻĴָҺԴ䣬޳ûĻԼһغˡ
ҺֽܿƿˣСֽ˹̫ţͷ֪йϵȴıȻǱҵ³
Сֽ˹ҲעⱣԼתߣ˵Ⱥ
أ
ܿ죬޳սֳʤ
޳һ˦ĵŵŵɳȥì֣ؿһɭɫӡֱð
޳ȵԭأĿޱһ˧㡣
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Ҫ¶һ棬еǶȥɱˣһϮ³У޳ͦΣһ㶼˧ɣĲʳ˼̻
ʺͰ²ͬȴЩƣҲòɻͰµʲôϵһΰظʱסҺͰ£֮ƺʶһƽˮʶ
޳̫ɫһһ
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Ȼߴһ𣬲档ţͳ졣Ҳ֪ʲôطϹˣٶȷɿ죬һͽһ롣
˺ԥٴγ޳ȻҪסȻֽ
޳ͷҲûأͻȻ٣Խ˹سǡûֳۺǡʱѺţͳ۽Уȴ޿κΡ
ٶȣ޳һ㶼ǲ
ܿ죬޳ۺãͣڵع棬תӭţͳ档
ţͳҲ˽һۣеĳì͸ֲ棬Ȼ֡
ס֣
䣡
һȴعĴŴˡ
ع޴һ˵˰޳ţͷм䣬󻺻СĿɨţͷͰ޳Ϊ˾Ĵͳ֮ڳڻ׷𡣳ɺͳȥۺڣ
ݼ޳ع΢΢
ţͷ澡ܲʣȴѾʧȥᣬֻҲŹһݡ
ţͷ棬Ϊ׷޳عţͷ档
ţͷ۾һתû˵ƺûôʡ治ɫָҵؽŴδҵظȥ޴˴ȴ޳һܣҪӴˣ
ҵɴ۾үģſڴƻơߵڰף
ع޳޳ô˵
ؽˡ޳֣˵þͳԴ˶˽ֹ̣ͳ첻˳ͻֻý˴ˣɽʹ޴˷䡣
عֿ档
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һ䣬һ壬ժĸɸɾ
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һȺȫϷ˫ԸԵĵ߶֪ɾû˴ƴֹֽϵҲͬʱظһʲôԼ֪
عɫһȵΪôͳ죬ȫòǰ󶯸ɸ꣬ûн־
ţͷһɫ΢΢һ䣬ͷӲˡ
ʱҲŸӦعʵǿͰһģ
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ڣԶ޳̹ǰ
عѺ崦󣡡
ǣ־æӦƻĳһһͽйٵķ
ұڵƺһ۵Ҳûȥ
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ﲻֹⷸѵعûǰţԼҪȥй
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Сӣд³ߣ˵֪ʲôˡ
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ط䣡

˿ûСšı֣Цųҵ
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ۣйٱһдһԭΪ»Ժ֮ˣдգðãȻŴô˾˾ɣ޿ˡĺپֻ޴Ϊˡ
һϲ



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꣬ĸйٵǰһѲұϣֵܿǾſھǰߵһھǰֱӽҶȥ
һϴΣ޾İԼϵ䡣ĺλ˾ڶ׳ֳ
ܿ죬ҽ˵ײһɼ½Ҽ˸ëըһƤ
¶½ƺûоͷҾԽԽ䣬ëıýӲɶļƤҲˣ̲סʼİͣ֫Ҳʧȥ֪
һ̵˿ڰ벽ʱħϴ¶ȡ·һжҪ촷ۡ
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ҵͷڶʮعԼĸŽһ飬ͻ˵һˣֻҪһλ롣
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عûҪ̬סظľӦûġ
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ˣôˣʡ
̾һ㱻󲮸ˡ
ʲôҲţ˵һеô羭ֵһ
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֪δɴʲôʱʲôʱȥӦÿˡһۡ
룬ʣˣǱʲôӦ˺ǵţǵӰ̫ˣҲΪһ㣬Ŵһı
һЦϢˣ̳ϵǸҲɾˣΣôȥˡ
ǾͺáҵͷһͿԸˡ
ˣ̽ȰһȰ󲮸Ӧùز˶õġӵ
Ҵϲ͸ˡֺ֮һαװ߳ȥˡ
ǰܽܽڵֳȥñʲôһ׮鷳£Ҳҵĵߡ

ʱ䵽ϣҸϴ裬һֻϷ׼˯洫һϸĽŲСڵķ϶һɫµĽСӰ
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磡
СںܿʹˡС˽ϲ
㲻ǱôôˣҴ⡣
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˽ְբŻˡ
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˳־ͰСڹˣЦعˡ
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ʣǵϴθ˵ģȥɽ𣿡
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Ҳͽһ֤ʧʱ䣬ȷʵؾ
ɽűƻȥѶȾͽˣſ϶жˡ
ҵͷԺеɽȻϾƹ
½߸һţ˵䵱ɽױдģ֪ǲǺйء̵õϢ϶ͺڵţʱҲûʲô⡣
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߰һʮ£ٹ
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⴦˵۲ȫνһۣ˵ûˣֳСˡ
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һɵ֦ëһĻˣ˶֪ζʲôүı̬൱ֱӣҽӷϴĴĿĿˣȫûһ㱻ְգе칦֡
һǻرȾסΪ죬ؼϾƹǣҲû˸ɰ֡
˺һڣʱʱȥһϾƹָֻ˴ǰ״̬ڼ˻ûӶѬ졣
һҹҹصڴϱ˯˯Ժʱ򣬺ȻűˣܵΪӣûۣ˵Ѿܽл˵ƨš
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ҿ
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ɢһԼĶɶͷԣҪʲô
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ϾƹߵĲ죬ʱʱһھƣȫ˵Ŀģȴߡ
֮˼Σʲô˵ֻй˹ʾƵ
Σֻ÷һĸ档
ԽԽƫƧҹʱ˽ȵʱȫ죬һƬҰ
һֲ̫õԤСƺҪߺԶĿĵߡ
ǰףԡڳио̹ڷ졣

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Ͼƹ·֪ƣ룬ֻҹ֮ŻͣϢֶ¾˯š֮ʱϾƹẰңּһİ档
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죬ڿ찾סˣ˵ϾƹǺȾư񾭸Ȼ˰ɣĪĴҳʲôҲɣʹڻĽҰ棬ż·ׯҲҽȥŪԵġ
һǾ޴ģһǸ޷ܣҹֻ·ժ֪жûĹˣ۾ˡ
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ⶫһ˽˵ʮǰʵڿҪʱ򣬲˳ԣҲܶԡΪβɵĹж
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ӶˣʱζһСڲһҽԺ͸оĴˣʵ̫С
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ţҿѵӾˣ·ҲһЩĿԳԵĶݸƤ֮ġϾƹҳԣֻҳɹ˵ǶǱٹȵʥƷ̺ĶҲұٹ档
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İζôĹȫȴҿǡһִ񣬻ڷ̻ڵĺͯ
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ɣ
ҡͷҡͷɸڣǰ׿ڶ˵ġ仰˵ħڣ֮վ컨ġ
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ôһ룬־ƺֲʲôˮޣһСһûˣûи飬ûжһû˼ʯͷ
ֺγʬ⣿
ŵڣ
뵽һ㣬ҺȻо󼹱Щ
׷ģȴ˺Ĵڣһͬѽ



߰ٶʮ£ɽ
ħֹš
Ҳһħ֣ȷеĹħһ档
뵽ɽʦӾԤԣ˵ħħħ᲻ʲôϵ˵ʾ
벻ףΪеĹؼǣħħ
ұѯϾƹϾƹʲôҲ˵ϻһس׳ĬƺħЩĪ
һ⣬Ҷħ˺ܶ˽⣬пҲԺǰ·˴µķ͸

·ѣһ·ȫ˫Ȱɽˮ
ӣҵĵֿʼ˿쭣ÿԡ⡣ʵĻԽԽԽԽʵ
ϾƹҵҪҲһЩżܵȥֵƺȣͽ˵绰ʱʱϵһ¡
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Ա̤ѩ·;ļԼδġ
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൱ڰҺͺ鰲һʲô⣬ԼҲҪ군
˵ˣһ⡣ۺҡҡͷԴǸҵĻ鱻ӤڣܵʩչҪ滻ȥ㣬ĸˡ
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ۺۿ϶ӪȵʱСı˺鰲ڣʱȥӱˤĺ鰲
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һܶ˵ĸӵͨˡ
ʵֳִֻֻ̣Ϊʲô᲻֪ѵֻ̳𣿡
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Ϊʲô벽ܶԣһ֡
ۺҡͷҲ֪ĵָļĺ˽⣬Ϊļ
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ҵͷĵʷѾ漰ֻ̫ͬʱ֣ȷʵ㹻Զġ
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ҵͷʷԴԣܶۺҲֻ֪һ֣ر漰ʷǰġ
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ԣһɻ䣬ϾƹŹ¶ͷ­̫ࡣ
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ңҵɴ۾ѹ˵йҵʱһ˹ӡԭһƬհף
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⣬Ҳմʹ߳ѰҴ𰸵ҪԭΪұ֪Լϵ׷ʲô
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ܵСֽ˹˵ҲѾһ׼ѽܡ
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ǸӰӣʵڣĸԴϡĬõϾƹȻ˵һ䣬ȻҲȥ壬ô϶
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ҵͷ¼ɻ䣬PǿǴҲס
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ۺĴͷ˵ĻΪҺļĬǣ󵲲סŲò׳ܿԻǣڡӦѾ¶ˣԴӽһҪСģʱ㣬ҲҽҪĿ֮һ
ˡǱɡѹԼո뿪ĵҹ̾ͳˣһԼһӡҵλáڻС
дӡڣԼ¹ڵɱң൱һλĶ
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֮ǰɹƷУҹܿ϶ۺ۲ĴڣƺûѹҹΪ
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ӺʱͺԣȻûֱذףҲǻ̽н档
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ŨŨĲɺͲΣ
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˵ĻصħԻǶǰļ䣡



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飿ôһ֣ʲô顣
ǺǣտʼǡۺҡͷЦʱͥãոջָ򣬱о˵Ϣ˵ڤϳһֻħ飬пħĽΪԷһͥڵΧˣҵħ֮ȴһʵûСë׵ľһֻ׺ֱ޺þѲĵ£¹۲֮㽫ͥι֤ȷʵ龪һ
ô޳ɵͷܶһԽѲѵʱ򣬶μһֻë׵Сѩѩ׵ģӣ꣬ܿɰ
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Ǻˡۺۻ͵¶޸ĸĴڡ¶ܳ谮ƣԴİ벽඼Ͻˣһ벽ܹܵΣļʱɰͥһȵĲС
һѹְִŵĵȵ»عǧ꣬Ϊټһ棬ԭôĸ顣
ʲôʱ޳ɵ׷ʡ
ħ֮ս󡣡ۺ۵ļĻ״̬˺ܳʱ䣬Ǻ͵һʧģٴγʱˣɵȴûлЩȥԸ˵Ļ
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˵ô࣬Ҳûʲô
Ӧûʲô⡣
ۺۼԥʵ㲻˵ҲûʲôϵԺļ֮Ͼ¹شҺ;ɵһжֻǲ²⣬ܰٷְٿ϶֮Ժ˵ô࣬ϣܶǰǰ㹻˽⡣
ҳƬ̣ͷ˵ϾƹţԼܸʲôأ
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͸ȥһˣСġͷһھƣҲת뿪ˣܿʧҹĻС
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ÿ֯лСԼ鱨ϵͳʱ齨ܴ
һ鱨ϵͳڴڣǶ֯ϵĸ䣬ӵеͻ൱ˣһǵ־֯ʩӰ졣˰ĳȣǵ鱨ϵͳԼͳҵ
һϵ֣Ҳǹ֮˼ǳգȥ˱ٳҲѽȥ
ظƾ֣ڹ£ҵĿ񳱣ظƮҡ֮С
Կ϶Ƥ˵ĿƵĶҡ
Ƥ΢΢һƤ֮ǰҵⶼǴŲ߹ȥˣûش
лҪ˵ȴһֱ̽ҵķӦ
Һһڲ裬һƤл˵޷
Ƥһ£ظ֯Ҫϵ㣬ô
͵һ飺Ҫϵң
ҺܳԾظ֯ʲôϸԼεۺǷǳؼһͷĿҺعۺۡҹĹϵȫ˵ǵˡ
ҾɵǣƤʲôݣǵظ֯ҵ֯ˣ
Ƥƺɫпʲô룬ֻǸмˣǵϴͨѪôֳˣͨϵ㣬ƣ߲֯˼
ҵͷȷʵ£ԼͨƤ۵ѪǰѴųˣͱ˴¨ӣҹһͨ



߰ʮ£ѹɽ
һо͸һ
һĴҲѾڶ泹𣬻Ϊ
Ժ˵˴ħ벽ͻڻңӴħǲûΪκθжĵλܵͣͲӣûпޡ
ҪôӴֱӻ滹ͨ㣿ʣʮֺ棬֯ʲôĿģͲ֪ͨعҹô
ͨңмˣôƤ
ȣ΢ЦΪΪûԶѣֻԶ棬ӴӴҲ޷Ȼ֯ѾԶļԼͲܾܾ
Ūûܵһβ
ֱ϶֯ѰĳʽͻΧǾĺ͹⣬ظٷ־ͳǣҪػء
ȥҵмˡ
Ϊ󲻽ϵŵظٷϵŰ벽Լš
Ҫ˵ǸţƣȻĪֻһûйǮѡ
ʱͻȻ֣ԼȻһһվ˰벽ࡢظмλáܶ¶Լǣߴŵģ㲻ֱͨҲͨߵˡ
Ҫһ֯ˡ
룬ЦʣҪӴҡòʲôҲûаɣ
ԼȻ̵Ҳѵţûһʾһ³ûεģ˵ԼҲûôۡ
ƤЦˣȻеģҺܿͻ͵ϣԼš
üͷһⰵŻУǵͷʱ򿴿ʲôһŹǱצһٽǽʡöˡ
ķҲòԤˣһǾ޴ģһǸӵĻŪúôûõԼӽȥ
ֺƤһ뿪ˣһЩ鱨˵Ѿʱˡ

֮һЦĴլӡ
ȥһƴ¹ģڽðõļҾᣬ·ˣͻĳ·ڹ䣬ųĶӡ
ҽȥЪһ˼Ҷˣܼǻƴһ£ڵֿħ﹥ǵʱһ첲׼Ŀˮ׼ʵ൱Ҳ̡
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ʱӦǸպЦxԼ£ߣҶ׷׺Ҵк
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Ƥһԣ
⻰ɵȥٹǰ벽లŵģɾɵﻰ˼ȴţС
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뵽˵ʹߺͰ벽繲˵£ʣˣʹˣôˣ
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ҵͷһ͹ˣ˫֮Իв¼ɣܴһѾˡ
ħǵıڣ˲ɣΪ˭Ҳ֪Է᲻ͻȻһ
Ϊ棬ʲô۶пܸȥ
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šŹͷȥأмͥ
˵ˣȻɴཫǰǰȫ˵һ顣
Ź꣬ħǴȥվã飬϶תǹͷ׼㣬һҪСģٵǰ֣ǵߺͼϸ
֣صͷͬʱоѹɽ
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ħ֮൱档ħ֮ǸʲôĴڣΪʲôڶûֹ
Ź΢΢һЦħǾħ֮
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Сһ㴬ɾһķӸɾжɾģе㳬Խˡ
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һѹ˵һħǵĸֶǳħǴŴħǾħ֮ǡ
֮һսɨһƬǽģȴָ˿ڻָһ˼
սΣҼæʡ
Ź΢΢üǿֳͲڴħĵĵطһν֮սƳģԸʧҲԸ֣ˡӣӦǻûȫѡ
һ𺳣˶̬ȣħ֮顣ˡ
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ԣͥħĶսֻʣ׹ݷᶼγɵع㺮ҲһӸ߼Ϊԭͥһ֡Ź
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˵ģĩʱѽ˲һǰ㣬ѹֹʧȥĶѰҿԳԵĳ·
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أҳ׷ʡ
ۻˣԵ;ƿݵĵزûñʧˣȻԼڻڵȴûг֡Ź̾һ˵δ飬ЩԭߵĲȺףµ飬ۣǳˡ
˵ֱĶңת֪Щʲô
һĭٸѹɽ
ħϾҪˣԼŰ˰ĵУëΪͥĴħǱڣֱ
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ʲôΪʲôҪѽǿ˶ȥˣҿɵͲҺ޲˦ԵĻ
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ҵͷǳɽ飬ΪȻĺ
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Ź͵ħԤԣȵŵԤϰ꣬ħһеҲһĴѣ
һȻҹ˵⻰ۺûת֮ǰģۺ֪ˡһΪħҪɽʲô֮ء
ҪôҼæʡ
ŹңĿ⽥콫һǧ꣬Ż



߰ʮ£
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Ź΢΢һ㶣ЦߣƾҲ۲µףΣ
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ʹܶػߡЩػ߸ͲңЩ΢̸һģᵽǸˣҲۡߺҰʦĻһ£˵ײ۵ĹȥҲ۵δ
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֪ҡҹ߳ĵҺعˣţͳȻѾȷͶ˹ǾˣΪ˲ظֻ㶯֡



߰ʮһ ЭԽʯ
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ܼ򵥣Ǻ֯һǳĬǲٶǶ֣ҲٷµƻǲĬƽͻᱻƣ㲻һ㲻˾ˣһȷԵɸɵûͷǵ鷳ӶĬҹ͵
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ңһǰͨƤϵңȻֵĲǣ
Цţͳ졣
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ոհ÷ȻֻյһţҼæ㿪Ǹİ룬Ƥһ

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ĨõѪǽ˦˶ţۣ



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ԤпܻдһУһֻԭһӰӱʮԶ
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ţͳֿԽԽǱѹ֮ԽңһģһᣬС
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һ˲ͺһܽϼɣӰѾȫˣ۵ͬʵʻһ㣬ƬƬۼɱ棬ûȫͬ·
һ
䣡
صݺݵţͳĳìϡͣ˱һնţͳɳȥìϳء
ţͳҺֻüˤʱؿھͲûһʱɫĹֱðг׷ɢơ
ûϢʱ䣬ᵶȥ׼
˾ȵףͷ͵㲡Ҫ
Σţͳһֻʣ°صĳì¶֮ɫ𣺡ǵظͳ죬ɱң
ûκηϻһȥʱ˭
ţͳȻٴαȻˣȴֻƤ⡣
һͷϷ˹ȥسìأڵϡ۾һ˲תӡ
ٴλһӰ׷ȥ̧־һ
ţͳʵãӲֱʹǱĳԱ
ҽ׷ᡣ֮ͽǰ档ʱͬգұƽֵ̬ƣˣѹסѾûκ
ţͳԽԽͫȴԽԽꡣһ̣һһѪɫĵ裬ŭ𣺡ٹҾͺͬھ
ͷһⵤ죬һѪһɢһŨصζ
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ҶʱͷƤ飬ǧȫѹԼˡ
ⶫҵһμ֮ǰȴҲƵĶʬŵʱͻᱸһţȥʵ̱ߣȻʱ䲻Ҹúǿʵ൱Ŀֲ
רƴ˵ȫͬھĶ
Ҳɳһ£Լǰƣţͳ϶ȥΪһǰͱˡ
ţͳҳɣΪˣЦҧгݵ˰ɣұңҾͺͬھ
˽սˣǸоЩûҪԼʵڿʱԽеǻɱðաһ룬xҲڸȻʵѾˣܰϵæ
ǣûԥֱӳţͳȥ
㣬վסҳˣҳˣţͳɫ䣬вҡ
ҵͺһ̼١
ţͳʱңһ̣Ӷʱˣ˻𣺡ãҵģҵģҪʬΣң𣡡
˵һڽѪ̽
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һޱȿ񱩵ʵ͵ĴţͳϱͻȻĻɽһֲϢֱϢˡ
ͷǿѾһĵظ־ˣ
ܣϹߵʱ䣡xҡ
ûתӣ



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ͷһۣͳ飬ֻţͳȫ¼׾飬¶ȫըһʵļ⣻ЩѪֱðڷ죬Ҫűһݺᣬһεĺŭ͹ɽһ졣
⣬ͬƣѪɫĹ⣬ҡں޾ɱͷ

ţͳһ̱ʧԭء
һɤۣҲû˿ȥ
䣡һ̣һ˫ͬҽɵ˫űԼ֮ǰλãһӡ
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ү
ֻٴһԾܳȥ̹֮䣬ԱߵһƬʯСʯȻ赲ߵţͳ죬ȴһȻ̫ȴܹؼ


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ţͳ쳹׷ˡŭȭͷңýŲȡɨʯͷǰͬһ׷ױ黯Ϊĩ
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ץʱ񱼣Զ
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໣𣡡ţͳҲܵΣ˻ż٣޼£ֻԿҹһ£Ҷ㿪ˡ
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ȻһǣԼ׷ȥʮţͳȻĻĻزһţ֮յĲС
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Сϵʱ䣬ۺǳˣxѡ
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ţͳ챻Ѫ굤͸֧˼㣬죺ܣȡ
ۣһҡֻûڣͷ­˳ȥɸߣ޾Ĳʺͷߺޡ
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ĻȻѾʵʻǻ壬һڤ̱ɢǸħǡʬ֮塣
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ţͷԴ̬𣬻ûʱƣѾõ߰˰ˣӰ졣
黹˳ظг⡣Ǻ¡x
ҵͷ֮ǰʵһֱţ»壬ϾǸһʲô⣬ԼŪûѸ˵ûʲô⣬ţͳ죬֤˵ظĳ⣬һܺס
ظԹǸصĴԵظΪΪûӦ
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ţͷˣɵ÷ŵ᲻ʲôӦΪáΪ˰ȫûֱӳķ򿪣ǳ෴ķ׼һȦӻȥ
µң֪Һܴܻ죬ԼɵϣŪһͷֱײ˼һȥò
һ·ల£·ܾãڶҲŻص졣xǹڼʱ뿪ذ벽ȥˡ
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ҳһ£˵ĺе
㳲ƾ϶ǿסˣһΪҺ벽൹ȥ޷ܳ
Լкڣȷʵ֤޷׷ٵңԼؼãã˺ȫġ
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һĺӱߵλã⣺ظĴͳ֮һţͳڤɱ
ҿһ£͸鱨ϵͳ֪˽ȴ֪Ըָ˵С
˵ظڧɱģ˵ɱġһ㣬ʲôĶС
ҳԾǣ󲿷˾ȻΪǹɱġ
͸¶һʵ֮ܶ˶ΧĴͥɲ֮ìܺͳͻֻ֪š
ǣȻ˶Ϊţͳ壬ظͳ
һ
룬ԼһôֻĽӴģеơ
ֻһֺǿҵֱţͳ챻ҳһĳַӦ



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ţͳ챻ɵķ粨ڳ̳۸ͣĵظ
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޴ȥȥܽһǰͰźõݣÿԡһʵ
ʱһţͳ½ƽϢôȥˣûµͳѡҲûҪţͳ챨
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ҵĵҲһ㻺˰˰ʮУŰңң
һھ۾һҵ壬ͬˮһû룬ʧӰ١
۾ͻ֣ᷢеŤˣȫҾ£
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һϾƹҵİǳȫ˵ҴһͨĴš·;ǽҺܶĶ࣬ȴᡣ
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ϾƹˡһһھƣְӵݸңţȥկС
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˵ˣŴûǹΪ̫ˣ˾ûˣһɸҷ
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үⶫŵʷһͳֹ꣬ǧ꣬һֻꡣӻ޷԰Σ˵仰˵ĶʷϣΨǧѩеһ꣡
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£ɵȻⶫ㣬Ȼڸǵķǻˡ𾪹󣬻񣬶ҵɵðոȡѩΪ˸ӵС
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ѩһǧٶ꣬ϾƹҲܻµʱ䡣
Ŀңɽѩı֣ͻһǧûκ⣬ûκͣûκθõͻƣ
ô
ͻͻֱͻһǧУûйؿ
ѹϾƹգ



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ɽҾʵҲ˵ȵǧоͿԺսˣŹۺҲ˵֮С
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ҵͷʣ𣿡
ϾƹҶ϶Ƕơկרƶ˵ƶʵʧƫĵģӦ˵ҽ׼ȷһЩȻկкܶƺͶƴ󲿷βõģ¶Ҳ٣ϲⶾ
ǽⶾҽ漰ҩġԣ۶ҩĵоկ˵ڶû˸˵һŶûʸ
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Σհɣҵĵ˵ϾƹҺʵǶԵȵģһֱڰңȴûʲôܻر
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µʱ䣬˷ѡ

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ͬĲᣬǧ˵©ˣΪŵ˿ܻ
һеǸɴɽȥˣ֮ǰҾʧˣҲǻʲô
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ȻŽϢɱĺϣ̳ûκιɽѩϢܴӵŵĵзһЩߡ
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ԼҲǸȥˣЩµ̸ҰʦҲͬ
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ʱоġ
δ飬˴Ծ֣ùҲʴӡ
ȻȥӽҲӹõ۵ͷ
ԺһֹԾˡ
ǧغһǧѰңߵ˾ͷ
˶٣ֵ֪ǷŴʵǿȻǰݹ֮ݣûϵΪٴ˶Ƕǳã˵Ĵ峤ūȴӲκˣҲûǿȹκˡΥٴ˵˼ֻҪߣٴҲ׷Ŵĺʵ󲿷õֻСֻڱѰţ˶ɵģѡġ
ҶʱԹȻ𾴣
ūԼ̣ܲūū͵һУ˼롣
ټȻ˿ʵ⡣
ʹ
ֹһ֡
ǲػߣڵ϶Ƚʵҳûκ⡣
ֻǣ¹ȥʱıࡣ
Щػǿ󣬱µİ벽࣬Ұ˹ȵҰˡ
ЩػˣŴӡ
ڵѾûзŴĵλˣһҴ嶼Ȳϡ
Щֻʣ¹¼ҹˣǸڹĺۼȴʧӰ٣ֻʣһػߡ
һЩػ߸ɴʧˡ
¹йǵڡ
ȻЩػ߿ûģΪΣҪɽǿӦþ֡
飬תǧۡ



߰ʮ£
һǵͷ
ǰʱǰ죬ϸҽȥΪʢΣա
ߵһѾûʲôвˡҹͷͨƲߺ
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ϴʱػȥ棬ΪҲְۣҷųȥˡ
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ؼΪҲۣο²ˡ
ùٴҰɣǶػߡ˵
˵ȡ»ľоģдʡ󻹻ʳָĻ˰Ȧֻһȱڡ
žͿһӻľо֣ȱڣԱ߲Զ
һõӰӡȷʵǹ٣ֻϢʵǰ黯˺ܶܶࡣ
浽;ƿݵĵزˡ
ƺһ˲߶һ˲ֿܣ飬ǧδҴѡеˣɡ
£ȻһӶߵĸʱΧͬ˪һࡣ
Ұһݣʵߵʵ
ܿǰͳһ˪Ƶ壬ģޱƮ죬էһͺ糿˪۳ˡ
ôģ鿪ڣκͺеڳһʵ
ħǱڣʼػ֣ҵ˾ǰ͡ٵ
Ĭһ˲תңѡеˣǼ
ҿ˹һۣȻ֪ѡеˣӦǴӰ벽֪Ϣ
Ϊ֪ܵǰ벽࣬ͨġ
ǵһй٣һй顣ô߹˼Ȼ̸ʲô顣ھӵĹ˵Ѿܲˡ
ȻӦлжϡٵ
ĬĸˣΪһ̾Ϣ˵ѵĻزô
ٳһ˲˵ʧԼһǧٶꣻĿǰѾټȴȥ
˼鶢Ź١
ҡۺļɵĹʶٻش𣬶ôѡ񣿡
ӰƮ£˵ûҪȡױļΨһŵֻˡ
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ܿ϶Ļش˵˴ͬڷŴ壬Բõģħû
һĪףôôģȴûأ
ƺҵɻ󣬽ͣħ֮ս;ƿݣѱҵػ뿪̫ˣЩطԲõģЩطȴãػһڡΣ
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ճĬһ˲鿴٣¶һ˿ĵôˣ
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ȥۺۡ鶣һ䣬꣬ܽΡ֪ͨҡ
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ǧһǳѵĿٷ֮ʮŵ֮˰лҪѡ
ǧжָôЩŵ˺Ը߲㣬ظʮ£
ʣµľǹһڹצˡ˵޳ʵѾ޽ӽǧأ֮⣬ƺû˭ˡ
Խ֮ھͻȥˡ˵Զһ㣬ʸңˡ
ȽǧУɽҳֵĻһúøȻȻ
쵰ܾˣ
һǻص죬ϣֱɽ
֮Сֽ˹ˣ꣬ɫЩɻǸоʶƺ϶û죬תʲô
ûֱ˵ۺۣ˵ҹΪۺϵʱҹͨСֽ˹ա
⵹⣬㼶̫֪̫ͣ಻ã¶ڲ˵Ūû
Сֽ˹Ӧһ˵ҹۺϿԹ֮뿪ˡ
Ťͷ꣬ûȫ㡣ںʱ򣬰꿪һҰµڻСֽ˹;ܵȥֽ˵ϵж٣϶졣
ֽ˹Сֽ˹ظֻأȴҹţȹ֮˹
ȻȹûתԶǰϤ˸оʶġ
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ۺۡҿżɽ
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Ҳֻˣǰѹٵ˵һ飬ѻľƵݸҹ
ҹϸһҡͷ˵屻ش״̬סת̵ġ
ʱ˪æǴ취Ҽҹֵǧ꣬ӦĽ
ҹЩΪѣ˵Ҵ֮𸴣ݳǣ㡣
æӦ֮ҹ뿪ˡ



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Խߣȡ֮Ͽɡ
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ҹıһ˵Ѿһˬ˼ͲˬˣҹƺϿʲôҡҡͷкûһλ˻Σʧˡ
ŪҸӲˬˣֻ֣Ԫһ㣬̫С˰ɡ
ʵСˡ˵һ䡣
⻹㣿ЩֻƹһԪ͸»񲻼򵥣¼˸ˣйٶֲˡ
Цˣֻȷʵ˵ģƿֻʥǣۺ۲߱ȨޣŤתĿռʵҲ޵ġ
סˣʲô˼
ЦЦ˵̵ֻ֪ƿۣۺ为ƹܣȴûȫѿǹٴǰ˵ġ
Ҷʱéٿԭֻƿ
֮⣬ȴҲ֮СֻѾʧ̵ֻ߳ۺۡ
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˵СЩа֮ģꡢPЩǿҲʧˡ
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ţҿһ׼ͻǧУӻɷнµһƵСա졣



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xһ£˵£ֻоɵ֪Ͼ걦µģɵɵʦܡɵ±Ĳ
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ͷһ˵ѵԤʲô˱ȻʦϾƹʱ¸ң


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΢΢һǴħֹǸ󣿡
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΢΢üȻסҪҪһġ
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һһ۱㹻
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Ҳ֪Ǳ˰еһ֧Ǳ˰ֻһ䡣
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ţͬˮһ㻺ʧֻʣǰһģһĻ֮·
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컨֮ȼɽһĻΪ̺ͻҽ
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ģֻлͨ˰һ̡
һڤӣ˽
ҲеԵ֣
ףΪʲô˵¿غǸ˻Ϊټһˣ
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ж֪ǸΪǧʱۣ¶ʧڱ˰
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Ϊ˽ɵĴڣû֪˭û֪ʲô
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ݱܿ㽫Ӵɽճɻҽ
类أֱԶĻ֮·Ҳһ黯ʧΣֻа½һ䣬ʺѪ
ƮûϣΪ˱˰ӡǣѩʺ໥ӳģջ
ϵĲŤͷЦ绨
ҵͷһʱǧȴ֪ôӺ
˶١ҹʣҡǸ𣿡
¶ʱסˣþԣģӽһ󻺻֣ĸϣ΢ҡ̫ˡ
ԭǡõ𰸣˵ɡǳءѵֻΪԼǸ˳̫ˣ˶ѣ
ӰµļȷʵǸ˵ıӰܸߴ󡢺ΰ޳ԱҪߡ
ؼü֮İͷɢҵĺڷͥʥһ췥ۡ
ԼȥԶ
ǣľôɺϣԼѡУȻǡóۣ
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ܿҼͷһƬȣµᡣ
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ʩСûץˣǸסЦɺxǱ
Դˣɽ³ʩСȫ
ιôˣȥһͻ겻ġڳ㶾һǵ켦һ¡
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ӺݺݵҧһеңҷʲôʮĴ
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ҲĥСҸջСӾŵаµζҡ̹״ӿء
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ЩҴûĶκһ˵˵ҲǾһ仰
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ҵͷǰԼȷʵɻǵһ֬С¥ϵʱŴԡͰ߳Ҫǧ˿赲ÿÿȫܿ⡣
ֻǻ֮ҵתۣټһ˿Ĳ˶ѡ
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ۣ۾ָӣһҲ΢΢С죬һӡ
ұʵһʱ䲻֪ôش
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񻨣ϲһҪȥժԶԶ;ͺá
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ţɶȴȻ˵
Ӵڶġѱ䡱ȵΪʲô
Ҷ⡣
Ϊܸоĵ˵

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˳һظ֯Σ˵ʱûԵĶ򣬾ţͳ֮Ĵͳ֮λҲôһֱţ֯ûж
˵֪ˣ˼˵绰

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߲ӥѾʵ൱ڴĿˣĵرιʳ£ٶҲ˵Ѹ͡
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ԣһʱ䷢쳣ȥǶǹҹն
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ҳһ£˵˵ܰһصļٷ֮ϴ𣿡
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ҵͷɴСֽ˹һʱӦüңէһҾ͸оЩϤһ˵Ҳ
ֻǼλãתԱôҲת֮ʱ
ʶȷʵһֵֺ״̬
ʱĳطĳĳˣȷԼ϶ǵһȥһμȴĪĸо
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ֻǣⲢûʲô壡
̾һСֽ˹ܼͺˣпǹԼĴܡ
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ֻص岢ֻȴǰһУڻǰԵµһбŮŮУͶɷޡ㡣
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ֻܿˣҲûкõĽ顣ֻϣ㾡Ϊ
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˶٣ҵ𣿡
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µˡ΢΢ҡͷ˵µһޣػͥҲ۰ŵġ
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ұܵĺͰ¶һۣ̫Ծ
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Ǹ־Ƿ񣬶ˡ
Ҹտʼʮֵģⶫ̫ˡಡͣ˾ˣ֣綯ˮöû
⹦ʣܸܵģ
ʱһţҪݣܾ񣬼֡֡ټ֣
Ϊ˵ˣǹؼħ֮оֻĥѵӥһð
ʵҲЩɥΪҰսԿģֻڡڡͷ¶
ͬʱҲ֣ǹôģ
ûп÷ѹƣΪʱ򻹲ǧ굼ôɵģ³ߣû˭ˡ
ҧأҸоѾˣһĴ𣬼ּټ֣ܾһ˯ȥǾ군ˣ
͵ģʱȻһȷವĳһʱҸоޱȵˬ˵ʹ˼֡
ҶʱоԼϤˣ
ˣ



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ҿʼԣʱޣƾһСʱʱ䣬һСʱûѹסЩˣܻܿħ֮оתǹͷԸҡ
˿̣ħ֮оĵսȻݰȻߵľ
ԥ˺һѡˡ
Ҽ֣ҲвóȻµ˼档ɴܣȵǽƣԼֽȥǾûкôġ
ν̵ְҲļԲȶһ˵ְûкľŪҲᱻһצӡ
ļ֣ȴʱ
ҲʲôޱȺ嫣Բһ·滺һƣľ
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ֻҪصݺύֱ֮޿أȫԷֳʮ·ͷ˲ܰԼû
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߱˼룬֪Ǹʲô뷨
ڣûзദļղӦ
ħ֮оɱĴֲڽڰˣһֱ˵µλòסš
ʱһůڷĹڡ

Ҵϲûԥˣ䣬ɡһеԼڡ
Хһķ˳Ҹɱķٴγӯ֮ӿǹأϵϣݺݵĳħ֮оϯȥ
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ˣ̿ʼĬ½ҵӡһרշĹԼһӡǣͺҰһ飬ɱһ֮ͬ
͹ūԼЩƣֲȫһ֮ǰǹ϶ͷԼԴΪ׷ɱҡ
ûиһǿѹһвǩԼ
ħ֮о֣ǿΧȻû̫࣬ȴֵһӽġ
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ֻءһɫħȼԵޱ졣



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Ǿ磬տʼҪжţ֧ţȵ˲Щ֧ŵûдڵıҪˣΪ谭᱾ܵųǣǼȥŶĽ͡
Ȼȷʵ˵Ļǻʵ׳һ׳
˵ڵʵپֻʣһ꣬Ҳʹɢȥ
ԸȥظͶ̥ûĸңΪ
仰˵ǣҵĻѾǳȹ̣²ɹҲһ֮ܶ䣬˭Ҳǡ
Ȼд޵ģͳɳˡ˴޻ȥֻأͻǴǴĽȻǻתĻᶼûС
Ҳ˵ֻһ϶ǵػĶܽһ¡
ԡŶܿ϶ĵͷ



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飬ôܽʱԼŷ֡
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ȻȻҲƿһУȷʵ˰ţֻǳɹҲ޷ƿء
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Լһ·Σ֪˶٣ܻŲߵһԳƵ漣ˡҲǰȷҲת
ңİӦǳĳ⣬ֱӵ֤ݾǹ걻ĵ£֪˭鷢һǧǰʱҲԼعʱ䡣
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Ŷغðš˵סһ仰ʵһ壬㲻ӣҪرġ
˵£Աһ裬˼ԡͿ͡
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ص벽ഫϢ˵ۺȻλ½ظСǱıߣظצ˶Դħǵ룬Ҳ͸ӷƽ˾ˡ
ֻǣƽȴҪġ
Ϊƽıޱȿ񱩵ķ꣬ס綼㸲
֪ϣãûзѰңһֱڸԵĵŬţһЩ̶ԴħǱлɥצ

һºϣƴԴӰ벽Ϲ֪ͨ˵ҪҪҵ΢΢һ㶣ƴ֮ϢǳͨʲôҪ
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ƴ֮СĵĽŴغãϣ˵ϰ壬Ҫ㣬ƤҪ㡣˵óһרװĶ
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ԼԼԼԼ
мɰգұĲС
˵ʵۺ۵תȫһı٣ˡ
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κˣ˳ɣƤ϶ǲ֤ĳЩʵ֤Ǹҵ鱨ĲſڿӣһҪǴˣˡ
ܵģʡ
ԡƤͷ鱨ֻṩһˡ
һڵظģ鱨й¶ȥ鱨»ᱻۺ۵ԲС
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˵ã÷½սȥȻûƴﷵذ벽ࡣ֮ɳϣ¿ۺۣǻ˭Ų˭
Լ֮ǰǵĻǳһЩڱ棬Ǹٹ̣û˫رشΣʱ
Ƥṩ鱨Ӧû⣬ۺۺڰ棬ظһ塣ӺӶ
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ȻֻҲȥ֤ۺۣΪظģûҪˡ
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ҵͷ֮Ź˵˼䣬ȥˡ
ڰ벽යһ󷵻䡣ºҹˣٴѯҵǻ顣
˵ǻ޶壬ϵĺĲ̶ֳ⣻ץʱħƴʱ˭ҲӲˡ
ҹ˵ļÿȰˣһ뿪ˡ

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ɲǼ䡣ҸоԼʵ;·ǵǧУ綼òһˣһһ磬һҶһᣬϸࡣ
ԭױ۵Ļǡһꡣۺ۸̾
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µǻ֮Ǿ۶ȱһԳٻһħס۲µףûпܡ
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⻹Ծˮ裬P͹Ҳ۾ҵķ򣬳˻



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·ҹ֮䣬һɾˣе̸ֻǻΪޣûҵڡ
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ħƣֱϵǳڱˣǬħ졣ϸϸϣǺֵķҲǺķ
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ħȻԼͬʱУҾں壬Լĸĸֵ岮Լĸ
Һ󼹱ȥ龰ˡ˵ħôҼʱϵսನҲܽΪƽء
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΢΢һǣ岢ûбΪƽأ˿̳ͼѾոƵˮˡ
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Ψһ״ǣPϿŵʯѿˣһļµħҼҵ߶ֱ
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ѹסеĽPߣô˵ħȻѾЮԼĸĸһʱı䲻ʲô
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лл佱ʩСЦһܿӣţǹļµϢڣһʱ⵹˳ʱĴ
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̾һóֻ緢ţ࣬ȴ춯أħվսڽ֮հ벽ࡣ

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䷱ɣ쳾ΪơΪϣΪδͷæµţȴ֪һ˵ľսȻĻ
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