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Сʱֽ˸ݣʱȴѪ
Ժֹ޽鷳ٵҵͷϣΪ˽һУ߱ϱ̤һ֪ҲףĿʵģӿԵĳ֯һʱ
겻ɢ١


һ


1 
СʱĽСߣҰֱҳû취ʹӶĻȦӲֽŪ˸ݡȻϲУҰպãķܷźܸߣСĶȥˣмǻ˵÷ݣҾ͵˵÷ҲǵĺáһΣҰѷջʱɵˡ
ö˶˵ķݣʱȻմѪʺʺģһʵĺۼŵøϽܣҰֻΪɶ£żæŵܳҰ¸ҰֲţǲСİѷŪˣԱĻѡ
Ҽֱίˣǰ˵ֻѻǰƣ˵˵Ұ־ǲңˣƨһƣ˵ԼѷݸʰɾҪȻԺָҸߣ
˺ܾõ˼붷Ǿ߸Ҫһ㣬ǿź£ˢѪ˵Ҳ֣͸ȾƵãպˮڱǰ£ҲûζŪɾզ찡Һ±Ұַ֣Ͱѷݲڹӵ£ö֮ҸҰֶѷݵˡ
ԺҲûзɶ⣬ѧϰԼҲôùƫƫÿοԵʱ򶼸о˺ö߽ңҲϲңұ˴ϣ֮ǣиϵĶص㣬߿ʱеĸ߿״Ԫ־ֳԸҹ˴컨ҰЦᶼˣӲҺ˶ơ
Ȼģصѧɼһĳɫʱ˸ŮѣⳤƯҲǮտʼͦԱ˵ϲҵˣֲҵǮ˲䰮һӶãһֱͦȶģѧҵ֮Ѿ̸ۼˡ
ΪҼڳͷ仧ˣҰ־ŰũլӸʹ˲ʺϱȻ⵱ӵЧ͡լͷûɶֵǮĶһЩһ˵Ļ䣬ҰҴȥʰʱٴο˶ʱķݣµ÷ݷƷɣ߽߱ǽǵĶˣѪȻ͸ŵȥƵá
ôȥˣûѪǰһʱļӿҴ˸սƤ˸첲ôôаţܾû˾סҲҾɭɴһݣͳЩҪľɼҾһѻˣҲ֪ǲҵĴܸоҪܶ࣬žģⷢݵʲôʱϸ΢Ŀ
ϸʱʲôûĸ첲ضаԣ뿪ϼң»صУһӾ̤ʵˣսҽӵŮѵĵ绰мûˣҲģĥ˵ʱȴĮĸ˵֣ҵʱˣ˵ҿЦ˵ЦǾǲʺϡ
ĸˣڲŸ˵˵ʺϣҼֱҪˣ޷ģȥ㣬˵ңͰѵ绰ˣ֮ͰˣҾԼ͸СƵãżһȾƣտʼȶҲ֪˵ɶǾʹԺ˫
ҷźݰοԼŮû˿ңû˿ٽֻҪԼǮûŮûѣѧҵ֮ǰҵĹʵˣһҹϰ࣬ÿһĹʣнɡȥ˾ʱ򣬲ŵ֪ǰǸ˾Ѿȥ˱ĵطĳŵһЧҵԣǿű˵У˾ܰ˰֣һȥȵ绰
һڣҲûŶҴ绰ȥʣ˵ѾеˣҪˣֺ̬ȣȻˣҡըˣôùŶҵû취¿ʼҹԭΪԼУҸܼ򵥣ȴڣһʵڿƲԼ˾ӣȺҴһ٣һߴһңԼ廪ĴѧҶʲô⣿
̵ܶʱ䣬ҴĽ֮ӣǵĹûУΪҵ³ͷǰõҲ𽥵Զˣ˳ҵʱ۹Ƶãָָ㣬˭˭˭ǰקĸƵãȥϰשûҪ
ÿֻҾ絶ʣôأʧĥƽҵǣǵʧȥϣɴˣϼҽ˶ĻȦ꣬û뵽ǣ⻹ԵĻȦ꣬ҽ֮ȴսͬǶҵЦȴ֪զ£ʲôû
ľˣԼ鶼ȥˣʲô鶼ãûа취Ϊ棬ֻҧ֡
ô˼죬һûпţʱɥ׼ţȴֵˣǸ·СŮǱ裬߰ңɰģֻСЩףһΪǸĸһģɳ˺üҲụ̂СãҪʲô
ҡҡͷ磬Ը𣿡
еȦߵģҿЦãΪԼܿţԷǸСŮҲϸĽͣ˵õĶûߣܣһֱظţҪߡ
̾˿Ȼ뵽Լͯ꣬СŮƵ·ͥҲã֮£¿˿ҵֽ̽ŵʵòã
ͷҲûелֽˡ
ǺкñɣԺ𽥻ů˱ʴ󵥣һ˼ʮȦԼƷæòɿҲ𽥵ıãȼ˶ϣ
ɾʱȴͻȻجģģſֳˣ


2 
Ұֳ˳ΪҵĹȥ˰£ȴ˦ӣ·ϾͱײˡϢ˶ɵˣֹסӿϵ˾Һ֣ңʱĻ˼ܱզ룬ҸһҽԺһޣĶҪˣԼ治Ǹѧô֪ʶͷҪøĸΪԼġ
ļʱҰӲǸȹˣò׻ܵļҵӣȫҽԺˣûûҹƾ˭ҪȳĴָ˵Т˳Լȴ֪ҰֲȬⱲҶԭԼò˷ܵĸʲôƵãҰֿңɫãȻְסˣϽץס֣֣ҡ
ʲôƵãҵȻЩ֣֣촽³֣
˵ֻ˹ȥʣӺͿɶģҽñ棬˵˸־壬Ұֶ϶Σÿζҿ켱ˣѵ뿴һȥ˸Ҳһֻۣ˵ŵ
ǼңҰ״ʵģԽԽˣӻǲ˻˵仰һҾǵҶ챻ˡһȥ꣬׬ǮаҽԺͼͷҪΪĶÿص
һȦ⻹ǺܺһֵͬжʵĿңмҳԷ͵ǲɶؾ֪ѣĪĲҵĪĴֻܴŹ˵ô˼죬׼صŵʱϴǸСŮˡ
֪ɶʱĵľվżˣһǹһʣְأ
ҡҡͷСҲû飺磬Ը𣿡
ϴε˺ôסҰҶˣúõһȦ꣬ӲǱߵ꣬ʶľ˵Ҳߣֱ˻ȥôСĺӶʲôϴ˺ôҪǲ϶ҵƭӣŪþҪޱӣҸŪµˡ
ҳ˳򣬷ֱһֽˣ½Ļ˸ÿСŮģҵݸϲϲͶԸЦһЦ
ϱ಻ãСʱҲҲֺǺǵģСһȴûЦ
Դң˵ɶ˼
ûޣֽ˸˵ⶫɲ棬СȡЦɱָ磬治ߵġ
û˵ֽ˾ͳȥˡ
˰СʱҰѵʰҲ׼ȥϢһȥͿſͣ磬ŮѴ߳ңٴο˼룬̶ӿľŭ𣬿ңתߣȴ׷ұסˣžžવ䣬ҼŮᣬһЩȴţʲô
˵˵Ϊҵ˰֢뵢㣬ģԲŸ˵֣֮Һܺڣÿ춼㣬Ұ㡣
⻰Ҳ˲תץסļ򣺡˰֢
ǵͷȻҡͷ޺޵˵ǸӹҽˣԼ侲һʱ䣬Լܽˣȴ֪ûë
ʧã˵ʲôоĺˣҸоص˵һжãᱧеĲתǸӹҽˣӿ㣬һδһΣ
ŮѽģҸȡðǡһҹڶ糿Ŀȥ˵ҰֺˣǾͰѽճ̡
û뵽ǣһȥ
о˵ҪңΪͨˣƷĶţҲ⣬˵û£ǵҸͷϾĿң˵һ仰ˡ
׹ߣ˼άˣβѹһץס죺˵ʲôô糿Ҳż
ҲҼ¶ɣϾҲûôˣǾΪģˣҪҵֵĻǡ
֣
Ǳ˺ģҵֶڲϾ˵ȷأ˵˵ʲôһۣ͸һʹĸϾ֮ѾˣϾڳ֤ʲôҶУοңСӿɡ
˵ĺҵҲ̫˵㣬պãϰֳŮѸոϣתȴϾʣûʲô
Ͼԥ£Ǿп֪ʲô¶һ㶫Ŀ߳ƣں߿飬ǱһѣͻȻмȥȣȴԼȥ
˵һѣ
ϾҲ֣˵ڳͦ˵ģҲûɶΨиʮˣȴһҧиСŮˡ
СŮ
ĥһ󣬾¶кܴ˻ˣȻô˶ûƾɶˣ
Ŀ죬ȥҲ죬˸绰룬ɶ־ϵǣ·ϣʧ˻ƵãͻȻһ׸裬ӵеһУת۶Ʈɢ̣պ÷ڵ״
Ϊ£˶겻ģҲû˼ⲻӰĻ𱬣һȦ꣬Ӳǿ̳Ч˿ų⣬רžΪһֽǮ벻ͨڤ˻ӭզΣŵûвĵԽԽ֪ССĻȦ꣬ԽԽؾĲ֪µɶҲ˵Ǿװû뿪ĸˣĻȦϰ嶼ˡ
ǸʮСͷһ۾ĻȦֺˣϰȥȴ⣬ϡ棬ҵĵһۣСͷզֲСôãƼֱҪ찡
˻Ҫ֮ĵģҴզ㻹氡
¶Ц˵ϾͰЩһµĶҿҲ׼Զɣ⣬վԶܿףս˿˾̾ˡ
˶Ưȷȥȱˮܾˣߵʱԥ£˵о仰ô˵ţＫطҲһǺ£ҪСġ
ʼû仰ϣϵʱҽӵ˵绰ǰͬѧžۻᣬþܾҲ͹ȥˣЩѵҲڣոռʱ˫е㽩˼䣬Ҳıǰˣ֮󣬹ϵƺιˡ
ǺžƣŸ裬йеĲͱˣȷֵʱҿǼ˳⳵ֻǸͷĹ򣬳⳵ȴһײǽϣðתۼˡ
ͷһؿһĻĪСͷ֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰Ｋط


3 
ҵľⱻͻȻ¹ʾɢ߰˰ˣ·һѾ˲ȵ绰ҲʮӣҾʣµͲǲˣȻרҵʿ
Ҵվߣæµֳ֪ʲôʱ亹Ѿʪ͸˼ôɵ飿
һʱ䷢°ɣȦתҰ־ͳ˳ŮѸոոϣڶ츶ĴۣѺͺòСʱȴǰ⣬ʹٳٶۣҲʶ˲Ծ
ֻǣҲ⵽ôɵģǰһ塣
Ԯܿˣ˾Ȼֻ΢𵴣ûһվڱϣҵѣһˣǴѪ̧ҵĶ鴤£εӿҲ֪ԼΪʲôΣ˵ûϵ
⳵˾ܾʣԵþδҲ֪ô£ղſСŮǰ浲·Ͻת˷̣ҲɲզȶûЧֻӲĿųײǽϣ
˵ʱҪ޳ˣһξΪԶجΣⱲӶڿˡ
Ȼǲŵģ˵СŮզûһȺ˼˾ԱţͻȻһ£ˮʱ򣬲и˿ǱСŮƽȥһֱΪ˿ˣ˾˵СŮ϶ɺˣ
ؼԺ󣬷ȥһ϶û˯ţһ۾ͺ̤ܲʵòߵҴŹǷҵܿ˿;ˣû뵽˾ȻǸ⳵˾
״̬ҲãҲûզ˯һҪЩڤɶģЩɶ
̾ǵ˰˱ӵѪùˣ쿪⣬˸˿ͣˣȻ²Թң滹ǲ̤ʵֽǮѰɡ
˵£ͷҲܣͳ˵ʵڱϿˣǼѡ
£Ц˵ɡ
ԥһʵ˵˸СŮļٵģ
Եϼһץסҵļ򣺡ģȻģҷԲµĻѻǸСŮͻȻͳڳǰ棬ͣģͦɰģ񣬾񡭡
˵ţеƲסˣ۾ĴţͻȻһֽϱߣСȶɸһ㶶һֲֻȥһֽ˵񣬾⣬⡭
ұģŪЩë߹ȥһۣҲ£Ȼֽ˺죬СŮģ촽ģ˾۾ֵĿң˵
˼Ƶˡ
ҼڵϵֽˣϤĸоԽԽˣֽˣֽˣˣֽˣͻȻ£ǰ첻ǿСŮҪҾ˸ſɰֽ˸
һˣеҵĽܷΧй˿ţҺüҶûӦֱһ£ҲȻѣ亹һ¾˳ˣֽ֮⣬еҰ֮һֱ˵ҵʱ֪ɶ˼룬ĪСŮǸֽ
ֽˣֽһ䣬ﻹ˵⣬Ҵҹ˵ţӵķȥ飬ʵţȥǸСͷǻῴ˵֪ɶ
СͷгѧԶСʱѾڿȦˣ½˼ҷֵ꣬ҵĳɹʿˡ˳òţһŲŷҪ࣬һֵĻȦ꣬׼ȷ˵һ˿ͶûУüҸɴ඼ˣ˵תõӣҵĵ꣬ȴõıըһҵһֵⶼȥˣ
ѧԶϵĵҲûɶ⣬ҹȥʱҡϢսˣ֮Ծú⣬վ˵ѽϡͰ
Ұ˵ϡ͡
վǵͷĹâô⣬ʱձȻҪΪ󸻺δĴ󸻺ϡʲô
ûɶЦ˼ֱڱ쬵ģϽ˵ϣҴñˣϰæġ
һ󣬵ͷ˵ӣȷǱ²Ҳ֪ܲܰﵽæ˵ɡ
Ͳһ鶼ϵüͷšһҰȥ˿ҵ࣬ͷ˳̦Ūһкȥƺܼ֣ҲҴͷϰµģӣϲ֣˵Сӣײаˣ
ȻԤϣ浱ϢʱˣЩ԰׵˵Ц
ҡҡͷ°ɣ͸Ź죬ײаʲô
һشҪ֣Ұģգһ㣬һ˵ûˣĸĸǸ֮ŮѸǳ󣬰˵ⱲӶʲôѣĸײɥŮѸѾؼ㣡֣㱾޴ˣⱲӶµµΪ˵ǿƴѧΪˣܻСͲˡ
ұŪЩͿ˿ĭʵ˵ɶ
ңһһٵ˵ڵˣǴģ֮ԽãԽҸ׽˾Խң

һƨ뵽صĸףȥŮѣЩ޹ѣһǿҵӿͷҺ۾˵ײаʲô³ΪʲôҪҵļˣ
Ц˵ײаˣаǶ㽲ȻǺ㣬ԽԽãѣ尾ţʹţѶˣ͸ֵˡ
ұ˵û䣬ݶڴܣǣҪô죿
ϴӹȡһָָȦż˵ҴӴģбаЧڻȦż֮ȥ֮󣬰ż˩ڽŲϣԺͲټණˡ
ͬץסݣͰѺ˽ϣǧл뿪ˣȥ֮ҹ˸첻ӪҵӺ󣬾ͿʼʰżΪ˻ҵĶʮ㣬ûþͰżˣĨ˰ѺӰȫ˰ɡ
ɾҲʱȴǰһ˫ɫ廨Ь


4 Ѷ
˳廨ЬϿһ˫޳ֱȣҸɴվǰǸʮŮˡ
Űɫĳе㲻ϳһ˫԰׵һĶԱȣѰ˼Ӧǹ˿ͣʵҪʲô
û˵Ǳߵ
֣Ѳżһߵϣ߽ȥ򣺡Щʮ߿ǮҪ٣
˵Ʒ𣿡
⻹мٻҾúЦҪ
⻰ǿЦģŵ㼷ҵ˼û뵽ȫȻ⣬˵ͷ˵á
ҷﻢˣɣе壬ɣָ֮ǰ˵ĻΥŮĿܿɶˣ˵һḶǮġ
аɣǮУҲǸҵˣܸܲ˶Ÿɣͳ㣬ôȼԸϣȥһ·ߺá
ͷȥʼնûɶŮ˺˷ܣһһʵģ۾ҲŹ⣬զ˵أǡıǰֻèŵζѵӡ
Ҿе㲻Ծˣȥ֧㣬ǻʳҰһݺݵĵɹʲô
ͦĹһȴŵҿ˪Ĳ԰еɪ˵㣬˭
ʱѾԾˡ
ûлش𣬽̰֧ѰʮȼٶȻΪ˻ҽЩ촽ӿڴͳǮңлл
˵꣬תˡ
˼룬ʹԼϳһƣۣΣҸϽ׷˳ȥǿյĽаӰ
ͷһղŸǮҲ㶪˳ȥȻȫڤң
ҾһͷĲ˵Ҳײа𣿿Լˣ
ͷȦ꣬뵽˸ܣҽֻȦ֮ײаģ᲻ҵаŰûǳζ
ֻ󣬲֮ǰСŮûжզǺȻǮͦģȻڤҡ
ҾѻȦȥ׬ǮϽһʡ
հϢɢȥܿˣһֵͬУҪ꣬ŵζƵãڵ˵С죬ʵˣ˵ۣϽס
˵ֻ˺ܶ࣬Ȼ治󣬵ðҶ֪ǸҡǮʵҪ߼ǮӦõǣ۶˵ſȥ̸˸ļǮϾҪףԷҲûϣҵͷ˷ܵĲˣҵƵãҲ⣬ֻҪܰѵȥɶ˵
Լת֣Ϻ棬ҵ͸Լҵһզզ⣬ǳżʱüͷС찡żզ£
һɶˣ˵û£Ų˳۾Ͳˡ
Ŷһ˵ͷһٰż޺á
£֣ΪɶҪ޸ûõżЦ£˵㲻һȽأż޵ҪѰ̸ôһ㣬ڹŴи˵еǵ˼Ҫûżٺ٣ͷڤҰɾͶζˡ
˵ð뿪ЦŻңţȴл𣬿ԭֲǴµŮǰû⵵£յĳϣ֪һְ
ŭģǰһЦ˵Ц
ƽźûղŵĻǼ٣
̯˵Ҹʱô˵ģȻеŰɣһֱҶôģвޣ޸żֲǶĹ
ҵ˵ͷŭԽԽʢˣ˵ҡ
ҹϵţֱͳϼһĵȥˣһ·кö໨Ȧ꣬ע۲£ȻÿһҶżȷǱˣҲɵôˡ
ϸһĥʵ׾֪⻨ȦôãȻͬۺ찡ǳͷкüҵأνͬԩңôܺİң
Ҵ⣬ҪǲҸ˵ҾֱӶˣǲˣҲʰǣһͿĶ˭˵ȥ
ҵ˳ͷʱȴɵˣͷһƬͣžȻʲôģ״ǳˡ
ҴȥΧۣö˶˵ģôӲʵӣô˵߾أ
ˣ
ҷӦ˹ͷˣ
糿ǲż棬զ˵˾ˣҲţֿȺǰ棬оҲùȥҿͷϴҵϾҲڣָ˵ҸǶӳʶԼˡ
ɵĿ˿ңͨ£Ͼ컹ǵңҹȥ
ҰԴǰֳϾϣ˸ϰײѾ͸ˡ
˰
ҵһͷòǺйذɣ뻹пܣǲż棬ˣһ뵽⣬ҵɫ͹Źңû£Լȴˣ㲻ǱӦ
ϾԹɫק˵ǲ֪Щʲô
ҵǵȷ֪һЩܸ˵𣿹˵ɰɣڱ£ҡͷ˵ܰţ֪ǮûȤû˾ˡ
ֻҪû֤ݣٻҲ˵ʲôǺ˼䣬и״ӵĹ㱨ǰܵ˾ţͫ׶ſģȴûԵ˿ڣΨһĲһӡ
Ͼ˲ˣԹȥ飬ڽſţȻͷĲһƬӡСǺµġ
ӣӣСŮ
һˣƺֹͣȻΧôˣһǾԼڷǳΣյĵط·ĳĽһ˫۾ҡ
ȻֻǸʼ
ڶ죬ٴյһѶ


5 
ҪҵңѸ
ڵͷѾ׼ˣһϾͽףɿݵһ磬ûӰʱӵ˵ĵ绰˵Ѹˡ
ҵУһ˾ʶΪйأϽʲôȴĮ˵˾䣬ûϵôֻ֪࣬ͨһϡ
˵͹ҵ绰ˣе£ʲô̬Ȱ
ͷǲ̤ʵרŴ£ѸಡЩȽಡźˣû߲Ѹͷˣ뿪۰Ͱ͵źӻƣػѸȨˣҲźӣǹԷôţʱ黹ͦģ˶ӳ
ţҪ£ҲϣȻѵʱ뿪ңôʱͽңûţ
ҲˣֲѸ̬ȣûɶ飬ܸҴ绰ѾˣҲں΢̤ʵ˵㣬ಡ˵޹أϲ顣
ֻ֮ǰѸ˸ˣ֪˺ڣˣ˲⣬һúãЦ̸⣬˶࣬ĸҳЩͷۣҼڳ֣ĥɴֳٰᣬ˭Ǯ˭ġ
ҰԼĻǣ¿ɺˣ̵ʱ䣬ߵļǮ
ȻճļǮ֮ǰѸ̸ĸ֮߳һ۵˽Ĳţģֻǿҵۺ죬ĥҪһ֣ҵͺ˵ھͽס
ĲҲ˼罻簲ģæ˵ɣһȥȡǮһ
˵𼱻ǵľܳȥˣһȥû
ҵȼˣ绰ȥĶӽӵĵ绰˵Ǯ·ٵģǮ˲˵˻ˣҽԺͷأ
Ҷϵ绰ҵüͷţֱ²ԾѸҪҵĵ꣬ಡͻˣĲҲҪҵĵ꣬·ȴٷˣôô͸һɹζ˭ӡ
УԽԽҪѵ
˺ˣ߶ʮһֻҪҶ¼ǮͣνˣֻҪܰ׸զУյĽȴЩܲˣһңų;̥˷ȥˣ֮󣬾ûˡ
ԭܼ򵥣Ҳɵӣ˶أ˭ҵ˭ùⲻѾ˳ˣ˭ҲԸĸҼǮĶͣûԸˣ
⻹ҪģҪҵҲˣÿ£ԭﲻĹ˿ͣʮһӸñңûӵĵ꣬Ȼ˵㲻ûҪ
ҵһӻ͸ˣ˵Ǻˣûп˵ϵŻص⵵ֵû鿪ҵҴȥҽԺһչҰ֣һ滻顣
Ȼڵⲻˣ֮ǰҲ𱬹һʱ䣬׬ͦǮҰҽҩɶĽ壬һѲƷ˯Ҹ˵Ȼȥɣźˡ
ҲˣҼ仰ˡ
Ұ˯أڱֻһСʱҰѹˣ״̬ٲ֮ǰһҾ͵иͣǼ򵥵˼䣬ҰͻȻ˵ˣ⺢ӲҳԺǾͽɡ
£ĸ
Ұˣĸ۶ϱ
˿ĭ˵Цĸ
ҰüңŮѰ˭Сӣòǰ˰ɣҸ˵ǸúӣҪԲ£ҿɲŹ㣡
˵ϢûҰ轲ģĻҵһӦòںҿЦɣҰֵģٰĪĸоһɺ⣬ǿЦ֣ȷĿˣ
Ұֱˣ˼˵Ҿۻ軨ˣҲϴҶϱʱ꣬ʪģ˶ƻ
һֱȵҪ˵ˣ춼ûҾҰִֿܳˣ˵㣺ƻأ
Ұָָӣ룬ɫϴһ򿪣滹ƻǿŲˣƤ壬պ࣬һ£ƻһǻֽ
ⲻϷʱյĻֽ
ҾģܲϤһǻֽԽԽȷյĻֽٿЩƻһˣմΪǴӷصĹƷ
ֶţƻ˦ȥֻҰֿأҲұֳǿĵĲ˵֣˶˵ɶˣ
Ұ̾˿˵ûģô˻ûȥ
˰ףȷʱұڵ˼ݼûй˵ϣѵΪԭˣ
飬Ҿ͸Сһû˿飬ȫ֪δǲѾ
Ұ֣ɶʱģҰ˵Ϲģ費ڣ˯ؾͿŽģ⺢Ӷ͸ˣ෢ףϴŵǹӺҶоˣſˮԽԽˣ˵ĻȻɣ֪²
ҰգգۣЩƤ˵費֪˵ܣҸ˽
ץסЩ˵զ˵ˣ
ҰЦЦ˵Ǹ⣬ͷҪء
ң
Ҵ˸սѹֲסˣɫѿ˼㣬Ұզˣ˵û£עƻͰⶫɲҸҰֳԣ˭֪ȫ
ҰƻʱҲ֪ǲǴܸо˭ڶңԽԽ䡣
Ҵȥϰݼ˵ұŵˣ˻Ҿ㣬ɻûȥɣźҰһʱ䣬ͻȻӵ绰ϴǸϾģĵˣ뾡


6 
·һֱ룬˭еĵ͵һȦ갡浹ǮнӣֻǮõǮõĽӡ
Ͼ췢ֵģ£ÿһ¶йأѾĻˣרŵҵңյſھͷֵŴţ˽Ͻ֪ͨҡ
ʵҸǲ̫ģܾûȦаţֻôһҲû취ֻٶȸϻϾͷأ˵ɶͷɶˣϾҡҡͷ˵ҿ£ûɶ
ҵ˵ͷ߽ȥսӭϮһɺ⣬Ҳû˳ȥֻ¶ĸ첲ôô䣿
ͳȥôʱ䣬զһˣĸоҺܲӦֲϾͷȣԭԭ
Ͼ˵ȿûٶ
ʵÿ겻һĿȻҴ·£ȷûжΨһŹֵĵطҵ㣬еģȥСָһأҲûڸǺۼ»вɢͷ
ͦջģ˱̬ɣ
֮ǰֻ˵й󷽱棬ûȦͷģ˵Ҳǧ㣬ӻ˾ųɣǸƣͱˣҳϾ죬ܸܲ˵
ʼ磺û
Ҿ͸ˣ˹ģʱǵѪùˣҹȥҲҹȥ˭˭˰
Ͼ˸£ĻҲúרҵ۹⿴һУ˵ͷЩְ
˵ⲻǷϻô˼˼ұϾǵģҵʵǰû󣿡
Ҳûָ֪ɶûϾȻ˵ͷЩ˵Ұ참ô꣬ʲô˹¶ʶ䣬ҲֻΡ
ҺΣ
Ͼ쿴ңͷȻżֿ־壺ɱЩԽңԽ޷ܵİֳָоɭɭģ׶Ƶã˹ͷ꣬ëģˣпܿסһ
⻰ҲеˣС˵˼ǡ
Ͼһе㲻̫ƽ
˵ţζĿһۣ˼Ҷ˵ֹֻΪˣֻʺֱ˵Ų˵͸ɫѾˣѲɽҵ˲ǹɣһ뵽ܣҾ٣ҲЦҵСϾͳȥˣҲ֪ǲأһȦҾˣһʵҲ
Ͼ̣һԼһŲŵĶʵʴڵģ뱲ӶھӶȹЩ¶٣զ죿ʵ˵⵽ɶЩˣǲǸйأ
ԥ£á⡱򵥴ȥ
Ѱ˼Ͼ컹ܰﵽңͰ鶼˵ĹУʼüͷ˵֮ϾɫҲúѿˣЩŭĵңΪʲô粻˵ôˣ˵
ҿɥ˵ԩ֪⣬˭û»ȥ֪ʱѾˣ
Ͼһ󣬺޺˵£¹ţ϶ǳײʲôȱصˣҸ˶ĵطţҵ绰
ɶȥ
Ͼ켱ҴҵתҲΪ˲øٶ
˵ţˣҳıӰϻץ
Ͼ㱳ͷָץүʵţȥϼܴܲ£
֮׳ŵӰѵϣһ̶ͣ˵ĻһǵãҸ˶ĵطţɶط˶ţ£в齫ݣͨ𱬣ȥǲһϡ
Ϊﲻ̤ʵߵĺܿ죬쵽齫ݵʱˣʮͣŴͷʹװҲǹпʣС۾ǾһʱƵĸоһקסҸ첲˵ֵܣǮ
˲侯Ҳʶ㣬͹ҽǮ
ҡҡͷЦ˵ܰҵ˼ҸǮ
û˼ˣɹϵǮˣеɶ˼
ЦڵĴǩԼҸǮ˵
ԭǷŸģһȻֻ˵ĵԣǸƭӣú˦ˣںͷ˵ʱȱǮʱ浽
ԲУ
Ҹ˸壬齫ݣһ裬
齫ͷܳƵģȻãȴ̤ʵţҾеˣԴҲ֪˯˶ãֻͻȻҸϽ绰ͷϾͦȵģش֣
ҿ˿ʱ䣬賿ĵ࣬е㲻ҳȥ˵Ǹɶ˵ò
ϾͦģֱӿˣĳӾ齫ͷأ
Ҫǲһҹ·ѾˣҾûɶµˣ˵ϳȥͰѵ绰ˣϴ˰ţȻվǰͷ֣һ·Сܹȥʲô֣
ͷקңȸߣ߱˵
ͰûզƢͻȻôˣѰ˼Ѳɶ£ҲȥĶ
˵ȥĵͷ
ҰһЩ֣ܵקĺܽӲûɹüͷ˵ܲȥ𣿡
һҪػȦ꣬Ҿͯ}Ļš
ԥ˵УȻקߡ
㱧Թ䣬ֻˣҽ֮ͨ洫ϲõģϲ¸㽲
绰룬Ͼ
ҽŲһ٣˵ƵãҵϾ죬¹ĲԵ÷࣬ҲԾĿʼ绰ϾûһӦЩŵĺû°ɣڸ
ͣһϾҲͣˣקҵԽĿҡ
Ҷŵ绰˵ʱû¡
ɣҹҵ˵绰һʵô֪齫ݵģ
ڲҺ˸Ҫ⣬ûиκԼ齫ݣô֪ģҾ͵߸Ҵ绰ͲܽңЧʸ졣
ϾңĿҷëǻճһȣе㳰˵Ц֪ΪʲôԭĿңү}Ļţ¶ЦݣҸо˿־壬һֻεĴ߬סҵ࣬ڻ


7 
ܣ
ֻһͷ뷨뷨ʵʩȴ쳣ѣҷԼ߲ˣľżƵñקߡ
κ¶ҶɣҺ޲óԼƣզôثأ
ͻȻתϷʵɨһۣҴ˸սС˼ɢһɶֺõĳ
һ·ϰ붼Ҳ˵ԹԵǰߣûнŲֻҵƤЬڵ淢΢
ˡ
ˡ
Ҳ֪ǽŲ߽ӣҸоԼһԨˮѾ͸˺󱳡
ۿŻȦҪˣҽľȻ֪Ҫʲô£ֲõĸоȴŨˣҧҧܣͷ˲䣬ǰϾͻȻͷҪ𣿡
תҺȻϾ찡һҲʶʮͣͷһǵĵ̣԰׵Ϳ
ҵɸĶţ˵óһ֡
ǸľżұקŽ˻Ȧ꣬һ̧ͷûкöˣź£Ů׶УĿȴаҡ
Ҳû޳λ㣬Թ޳ǺαضأײǣǵǸ
һû˵꣬죬Ҳ֪˭˵ģŵһ¡
Ǳһûָ˵ǣϸ룬ҪŪңˣûҪҴȦﰡѲбͼҴһ˿ϣСʵǸʲôܰǵ𣿡
˵䣬͵۳ǣһĿⶼϵ۶̰
֮ǰǸŮһҪʲôȻɺ£һǶ߹ȥ㣬ܴǣҵԸôɣֻǸŮͬԵĲҲȷ֮᲻Źҡ
ҵ˸򣬰ڳ¯мһＢʼˣˮ˳͵һۣǾͺݺݵɹϢҴ˸磬ǲ⣬ӣ㡣
ȻҼʱ̣ȴͻȻоǵĿ䵽˱㣬ͷһҵȻɱ⣬ҽǸһͷİ̺Ҫѿһ㣬һֻʰ׵Ҫ
Һúõĵ㣬ôֳײǣ
Ҳɵ֪ȥ϶û³㲻֪ôźãûǸӷŭˣһжϣΪǹĴ̹ǣʵǲ֪ôźã㲻УҲУҪ

ͻȻ䣬˸ϤϾ˽
Ŵĺܼκֱ˳ȥΪˣûþȻ˽ֻɫ԰࣬ȻҲŵˡ
Ͼ쿴˿ңֿ˿ǣҸоڿԼĴҪֵη壬ֻǱ΢΢ָȴϾ֣ߣ
ӿһ˿ϣҳ֣ȵģֺܶ࣬Ȧ΢΢̣û뵽ҡ
ûκǳ˻Ȧ꣬ͺһҿϾ죬ʹˣûʱôĺܶ࣬ͷʪ͸ˣǶһۣǰȥ
ǰδеĿ־ңʹұǰδеٶȣҸоԼٳȥһϾѾܲˣϥǴҳһۣ⣬⡭
ôãǾȻԭأͷһͷ˻Ȧ꣬ԼĹӰ
ֲòǣԭƶӲˣ
Ϸʵ񣬳׵ˣҪŪǣҪڿ־м尾ֱҿϾ죬Ȼڴ˵ҧҧܣ
ڴ漣֣ǰʮûסͷȻǸûȻǻȦꡣ
ϾĨ˰Ѻ˵ӦþǴ˵еĹǽǳȥˡ
Ҽô죿
Ｗ֣ȥ
һΪˣʲô
Ͼ˵ҪɱǣǻڣȻǲǳģȻûɱ˶ǾˣҪʲô
㣡
Ǿ͵㣬ǲߣ
һŸղŵĻ棬ŵǣ⣬ԤУĵˣˡ
ϾҵļȻº㡣
ΪˣҪ׷ȴϾѾ˽ȥܲܿ£ҸϽں棬ҽȥʱϾѾ㡣
ҲǿˣҲҲ֪ʲôԭϾ쾹Ȼʮ̹Ȼ·еԹĿⶼǸһ㣬㣬ǹ˹˵֣ͨΪ񣬺´ף˶ʮ꾯죬ְػһλź£ǰȻԹԩҵĹʧûԼְǶҪйߣͳɣ޹ˡ
Ͼ˵꣬ͳȼ㡣
һʱ֮䣬ĿԹͳޣָоһȼըҩ⣬гŵĲգҵĵɤۣҿϾ죬ղŵһҷǳжǵģʱ¸ҳҵųǣĲ֪ʲôôܰﵽ
Ͼ컺İ¯̲סˣȥҪֹȴֹҾҪˣ
ұ壬ͣס˲Ŀ֧¯ڲȥ˲䣬ȼˡ
ϾҪ𣿡
˻Ӧĸоɢ˴룬˳ȥ֮ʱԹŨļҪγ
ҸоܹȥϾ죺û°ɣ
ץҵ˵С죬֮ǰҪһϢǾҵ˶Ըİ취¶Ҳ¶ˣЩմѪҰˣ˶ʮմȾѪȻܹ˶ĵ绰룬ȥǧܵ飡
иж̲סˣô죿
ǿһЦ˵û¡
Ͼƿңһ˳ȥţֹƣ˵Լ밲ҲҪģֻܿԶʧҹɫ
һеʱˣڻȦżϣǸʧ˻ؤ
һУһͨ˵ʵ̫гˣ˻һǷĲ£ͨϾĵ绰ȴûлӦ
һֲõԤУžܹȥûϰ࣬񾯶ĺ󱲣ɫѿҷʲô˵ϾܳˣǸտʼţ绰ȥû˽ӣϵ˼ˣȴ˵ҹһˣ·ֳȥˣ֪ȥģʱɫܲãһŽæ˳ȥ顣
СʱҵϾ죬ͬʱĻһϢǾѾˣ


8 
Ĺ԰ҵģոµƷñӾͷһߣԡ
ǰһƬĹսϻƣֻһ
ܹ죬ϲûκ˿ڣȴ޷£һִֻĹϣߣһֻȴźʹŤ
죬ȴĶңмδȼģӼ˳
Ļ棬˰סץһѵȼ㣬Ӳĺ֪Լ޷һַֻĹƺڸȥս˵ˣһֻȴܵԼĺʹѡ
ǳţǶǵӣһҪץס֣֮Է
Ͼ˾ҲС˶꣬ǴϵʵѲ࣬ɫࡣ
ҲĻŭϾ˶ʮ꣬һ³˭Ҳܡ
վڱϣֹסʣĨһѣ˳֪ʲô֪ǵ׷飬ǲнģָڣ˵ָͲܹץסģѾ˵һУЩԹȻ׼Ҳû뵽ǾȻôݣ
˵ϾΪҶģܣҲܾ壬Ǹˣþ죬Ļǿ־壬ϾΪҵһ֣ø³´أҵ³᲻Ҳһأһ뵽Ҿͺ£⣬ҵһ˿ԼûвĳޣԵĻһŹЩ֣ǹֻֿ̫СˣұܵûпǣʹͿ־彫ڸסˡ
ڱǸʧǵɵӣڴϣףֻǸͨˣ£С
Ͼ죬Ͼ죬̾һǰͨ˵绰ιá
ԷܿͻӦˣϾͺ̸ףҸտ˸ͷˣظ˵İɣһȦܱ꣬û¡
¶¶ˣϾΪۣúܴ׳ӽ׵ĸӣԲĵһҾаȫУô˹Ȼһɷ϶סЩ
ʦӺֱֵصصа£Ÿ޹ǵĵ˵йҾ͸ɱһɱ
ɱɱпɱҾ˲ףϸ룬׺ðԽǶԽɵ󵨣˵أ
ҵ׻ϾģȻ˵УҾͺɣʦŵƵڻȦм䣬Ҳ֪ǲҵĴоһɢࡣ
컹ûڣҴȥ⣬˼һˣȱҾ׳˵Ҿʵʱƣ˵𵽲ЧҺܿ˶ʱɫѾˣͷе㷢ëӿ˲Ÿò·ϱסɣ汻˵ˣţӺе㷢˭ҴƵá
ŵëȻϽǰܣۿžҪˣɲܳ°
ƴܣ׷ŲںңĸһͷŵÿɶʪˣϽӿ첽û뵽ȴһˣСˤڵϣƿ۵۵죬ĵһˣԴ̧ͷһ˫÷ƤЬǰ
ƤЬ㣬Ȼ׳ŵһ٣ԭϴǸҪҽǮĴ
Ҳ۵ùǺһߴһָѵģܸѣ˶Ӧ֪ܣҪǮֲ㻹Ǯܸƨ
һûأȻȲˬˣ¹ˣһץסүģ˵ң᲻ú˵û³ҲӴɶ
һȷԼȣ࣬˭֪ôС㿪Ц㵹ãѾӾܡ
ûոǣþƿû飬˵ٸ˵һ飬ҲȱǮҲǮ鷳ÿ
ۿžҪҹˣҸſȥ֪ģǰ˵ǲΪƭӰҸ˵ҿ治ƭӣҪǮ˵Ҷ㡣
ҿˣֻ˵˻Ǯû˽Ǯģͼƿһˣãˣ磬ҽɲ·ôˣΪɶƫƫˣ治ȱǮ
ֱ׳§ҵļ˵Եְ˺ããģҵһۿ㣬;ԵڲȱǮĻǱ˵ˣͷвȱǮˣģֵܣҽǮûϢǩƾ֤С
һûֺģɶʱֵˣԽţԽᣬֻźɫżٺʱ䣬ֻ˵Уۿ̸绰ðɣʵûʱ䣬м¡
һˣƨƨߵĺҽ˵绰˵ɶ±ǮҪġ
û˵˾䣺ء
ˣظ˵£ֻҪҵǮұ֤һֻߡ
Ҵ˹Ӧ˹ȥͷҲ֪˶پԲУðȫĻص˻Ȧ꣬ʦ˯ˣ죬ҰѸһȾƣô׳ˣȴһ㣬¶ͷˣ˸˵ƾСپƣҲ°ƽˣȻҼɱɱ񣬾
ΪӿŶȣѩ޹ǵ
ұЦţȴǽŵԸӣ˵ʵϾ죬ҿ϶ҸطţȻ϶Ƕ㲻סģٲôûʵڻȦţʦжͣûס
źţԽԽ񣬿˿쵽ʮˣ̲ס˿ĭʦ
浽˹ؼʱ̣Ҳеģ˵˵й
ŻûŰ
ĥҪҪʵͷͻȻ˹УŹġ
֪ΪɶʦɫͻȻЩѿ˵
ҡҡͷ˵ǰû
⹷Ҳ֪˭ҵģиû꣬ԽԽ󣬸˵ĸоһֻҰһ߳һ߽л
Ϊ⹷Уûģķҵģҷ˦˦ԴȴʦѾˣö˶˵ģͷϾͿʼðôоʲô
Ҿ֣׷ʣʦȴվ˵ҳȥҰ
һۣ߳ȥˡ
ʦһߣϾͲ̤ʵˣܾûȦֱɭҴ˸£һȥʦ͸Ͻ׷˳ȥ
ûԶʮľɣҲ֪ڸҿγŵ޹ǵ¹·Ź⣬Զҿġ
ʦ
Щ£һ
ȴûǰߣڰһ㱡ҵ΢ڱΣһɲõԤС
ѭķ߹ȥԽԽǲڴʱͻȻ䴫һɱĲҽУҹļž


9 
ʦģóʹ࣬һһߡ
ҶԭأǰһˮֹסʦԸҼˣõЩŭĶֶҡ
ҸоԼӲˣɹ˺ܾãȴȻûгʲô£׳ŵǰţʦĺ̶˥ڼûˣӦ׶༪ˡ
ĭȥϾ죬ҾòʦϾΪҲ־صġ
˼ʮ΢صĺԼŹֵľ׽һֻҰڽʳ
ʦɫɷף뵽ʦĲ״־ͬˮһӿ
Ѱ˼ҪҪʱͻȻֻ£ڹϣͻȻû򣬼ǲŴӿڴֻҿһİţֻж̶֣ȥ
ȥȥİ¿˿ͫȻһò˵ұ𿿽ʦɣ
һ뵽Ҳֻȥŵ˭
ˣһҲ㡣
ң̽ŶſС˾䣺˭ô֪᲻Ầң
һµ˲䣬žˡ
ҲǶẦˡ
Ƕ֮Ҳǹһûŵ֮оúֲܿһ˵㲻ңΪʲôҪҵ·
Ϊǰжȥûġ

زʣˣɱţȵȣһ㲻ѡɱʹɱҲڰ죬Ϊԣɱס·Ͼͻһ˾ڰɱԼ˰ĿŹ˴ɣڶˣҪйԹ
˵ʵ⻰Ҿͦĵģϸ룬ԺɹԺأңʦ֮ǰı˵ڰɱ˹ȻҲ¶Ǹ顣
ֵĿֻΪʲôҪҡ
Ҫֻܸҡ
òֻʼİŮ֮Ⱥ㣬ŵ˵ԼǶѲǰŮȷ̫һͦģûкһǮȻڤң˵ûж⣬΢˵㣬ʵΪʲôҡ
ΪֻԿңҲֻнӽҲŲɢ
ʲôɣе£ѻ˵
䣬ȻƳ죬ѾմȾڲ֮ͽڷˣǺܵ͵ģҲܽӽ㣬ҲܿңУĻȦûżܹȥ
Ҫˣ޲ֵģƾʲô˵ҿҪˣֻӦûƭңһӰЩ¶Ҳԭ𣿡
ŮƺЩ£˵ǰԹ˼йԹޣһҲˣֻ⣬УԭҲڹ˵㼸͸ģֺܺúͣټǻȦϰ壬ṩеĶġ
Ҵ˸£˿⣺ɣ
һһſǸֲĻ棿
ضӳ˺ܾãƺҲܲһӺŹ𣬱ǲģΪ٣ϲ
΢Щתһ룬ֻܿЦ˵ûɶ˭Ըˣ̾˿ʦ°ɣ
Ӧò
ұ˿ϣ㲻ܰҾ³֮Ҫٸ١
ҡͷ˵ԣֻͨλ꣬˵ֻöŵķʽΪһ־ͻᱻֵģңж˼ɻ䡣
£ɶɻ䣿
˵˼ɻ̣ɻһ㣬һǶǵ裬ҪˣҲҿֻԶۣǸϾ㣬ڴ
٣˼룬Ȼ̲ס˴ֿڣҲǰҵ˽һȦ㶼һأŪöһҵʱɻզ£ԭأ
˵ҪҵĲֻǹ
޻˵֪ʲôʱײǣǵˣʵǲף˭ôޣֱӾҪ
ŮƺںʲôһţˣˣԺһġ
һһӵɻҪѯʣû뵽ͻȻˣҶֻ˺üû֪Ӧòشˣ̫ѨҾԼǲǷˣȻţҪǰŸ˿һûŵġ
Ȼûˣҵע£ſʼ仯֮˰ɾһһֵʧ绰붼ûˣҷ˷ż¼û˿ۼ
ˣǷˣ
һ䣬ʦķ߹ȥѰ˺þҲûҵˣֱҪʱҲҵ߻ǻżֻҰʯͷǣϽȥȴʦѾѪģˣϱ鲼ӡԱ˺ҧĺۼҺ˻ţֻҧ˶ѣϽ120
žȻϵҽԺļҲϵˣͦģϾΪҲű׼ǵǸû뵽ǣ֪Ǳҧ֮ȴǺ޺޵˵ãҪɻ䣬̰ɱڹˣȫǻãڵĻã
Ҳǿ۽ˣϹڲأŵľȻҧгݵ˵ã޲һ㡣
Ǹ뺷Ů˰
Сʵ㣬ô¶
Ůֱʣ˵磬и˹ҪԹ⣬һ۾Ǽ˰ĴڣǮܶ࣬ǶͬףڵĹǲܰɱǸ˵ɱӦ˫۸񣬰ҪԵ⣬ǲģǵҵȴˣȰɱ˹ʱҿǹ۾ѪᣬҾ֪Ҫ£¿ɺˣ׻ûӹȥ
˵ʱ¶ֵǡ
ȴ֪Ӧûôаŵģɱ˶ȥˣҲû˭ҧֻʦ漰ңն˵ģйϣʦˣҪĻһһ뻹ҡ
еҽҩѣʦûд󰭣ֻҪָµҪ²ˣĥţĸ˵Ҫңû´Ļʦɱļһҵˣ
˸Ů˽ʲô֣ʲô˵ֲ֪˿еթһװĵǴպϣͷһڴͦ
ԽùŹ֣Һֻһʱ֮벻
ڴʱֻˣ¶ҶֻĶУһʱͷֵܣǵϸ粻ǸҪǮİ˵ý̸µ𣿡
ҽǮģ

һһվ۾ˣүүģҲ㣬ȻԼˣ


10 
벻ͨɶʱˣҪңѲҲǮͼǺңʲô߼
ǻŭͲ⣬˴վţʾԼλãҳ߹ȥһ仰û˵ֱӾקסͻȻϮúܻţһһ˵
Ҹڣ
ݺݵһ䣬һȭͰŵˣңûޣ˺ңƴץסףܣ
Ҳˣ㻹ֻ֣̫С˵һһְֻסһֻסĲӣ˵Ϊʲôң
ԩɶʱ˰磬ҽɰɣ侲㡣
侲զ侲Լˣ׽ˣаҵһˣ侲Ѫ죬ϢࣺĻװѵʦɱĹ
£̶ЦãҿԸôˣɶϵ
˵ôһͣҷЩˣѵⶼɺ
һûзſİסʵΪʲôǲңزʶȴҪҽǮ
ظԩˣ͸Ƶã캰صҸǮðҺﰡǮܺ㣿û˵ֺ˷զ˵ҺҲãҲã֤ݰɣƾҳ˹⣬ɶ֤ݣ
ҽı˵ˣɿ˵ĵȷмֵƾ֪ЩȷǺҵģֻĻɿɲһʱܹģҶ㹻Ľ䱸ǳɣԺԶ㣬Ҳڿ㡣
˵ҾʹˣôţûʱûǴԶԶ׷˹Ҳͷתӣһ仰Ͱסˣϵܣǲණˣ
ɫһô֪
첻Ǹ˵ٺ١˵ţҵɫ𽥱ɤ˵Ҳɶˣǰǵʱûԣ䵱ɽʿòײģȻײӵıûѧˣĿȾ֮Ҳ㶫˵˵ɶҿܲܰﵽ㡣
һּȲεĿУܶɶ
ţҲˣ˵ɱŷ￴˰ȻզΣ»һġ
ұҽ̬źһ飬ҵ뷨ܼ򵥣б׬ûҲ˺˼˵и㷢˶ţ˵ָʾʦɱ˾Ǻˣ
ҳ£û˵ġ
һĴȣָ˵Ϳû˵ƪôĻţں㰡
ˣе㲻ŵ˵ǰɣ
̾ôǣ룬ǲˣ֮ǰǸͷӣͷż˶Ź˵ôźãɵ̫ɵˣ
ϸһĥŰŮģôһ˵һ˿ȴŴҿʼ룬ǲıƭˣ
ԥ¶֣˵ͷУһżѾˣ⻹иģ»û֡
ģ
£ͷʱҳż֮⣬һ͹ڽŲϣ˵аҺһֱûȹ׵Ժȥˣ룬ǳҪ䵽־أ
ժҽŲ˩ŵĺÿˮŪʪȻһƵ˿ҵע£һ֮¶һϸСͷݸҿʱũΪ˷ֹԼļ󣬱ţ֮ĶǱණòһСͷ˨ɺţĺϣⶫ㸿룬ǲ˨֮Ȧ꣬ȴʼԼ뿪ȴΪ±ƭֻҪ˩⣬͸Ȧأ
ëȻԭﰡҺȻùûôˣıȹҪ£ΪҵãͷҪҰ
룬ѾΪԼΪ˴ۣҲˡ
ٿʱֹĿ࿴ĸоһ￴еϰЦ˵磬ղŶԲˡ
ͦݵģڰ˵û£ֻС۾һ¶пĹâϵܰ㣬ǲǵøô
£˵ҪǮɣҡͷ˵ҪǮֻҪǩ˽ݾУû뵽£ʵ磬ΪɶҪҽǮʼƭء
һֿɣң̾˿Ѱʵ㽲ɣϸģͷ񣬱ҪȥģϢߣҪǮϵλûޡ
Ϣߣûޣˣֺ£˵Ҳˡ
ν˵Ǻˣǩ˽ݣǰϸһκðɣ
Ѱ˼£ͷûҪôͰңǺң˵ϲ⣬Ҫ˺ôԵɿҲû룬ɴͽʮǮ׼˽ݣҴ£˵ĻҪţֹûϢѺûУֱϵǮ
ʵֻҪϸĥֲܷɵģʱﲻڵʱÿҹһ̤ŹصĸоʴӦզ졣
Ѱ˼һ˵һ£㸿ѾƵˣȦסˡ
һϲҿˣ
ĵĿңܣܣǾ˦ʵ˵ѾˣҴų˳ϣ˵Ҳʮֻš
զ죿Щˡ
˵ʵ⻹Ǵ£ȦЩֻ̰Ҫ֮أʵĵˣֻҪ㲻ŭǣûʲô£µģЩûжֵĹ
Ҳ̫ףûжֵĹһ
üһȻ˵һ俴ƲɵĻȥŮѽͷ˰ɡ
ǵ˵ͷ̶Ӧ˹˵
˵ͷҲ԰׵˵ϵܣǰ治˵ȥŮȥ֣Ӧò˼ҵĴǱģǺ֮ˣԹԲԸȥͶ̥˵ģأôҲûȥݼ͵ƻԹȻǸˣȻǱŷֲɲЩ
ɫ԰ףԸʵģ
Цǰ˾𣿹ûģ׳գ
û뵽вҵľȻˣˮץסһݣʵӦô죿
ٴ̾㹻ĹƷҹͷߣȥķǰһɣĵǸ˵ܹأȻɾ鷳ˡ
Ȼͷͬľżһ㳯ǰš
Ѿֵز
뵽ɹҾ絶ʣɷϣҵΣҲӦһˡ
뵽⣬ҺȻᶨƷʲôģҪڵʱϵ˴ûţһ˿϶ǲȥġ
ڵȴʱٴյ˶š
ֻж̶̵֡
СĴ


11 ֽ
ҿ󣬶־һʧˣ֪ϢǰŮġ
ֻ㶵¿˿ûзκ٣ֻ̾ҵӦ˭أˣȴ죬Ů̹ϣƫƫǹ
˼ʱ򣬴ˣǲųԹﻹż²ˣֵ˵ߣȥϷء
ҵ˵ͷ棬һûһ죬ԵЩĲɣ쵽ԾͷңòǲҰɣһϽҡͷ˵û£ҿ϶ģҵļ˵ǧЩóԻģһˣ͵һ롣
һʾԼ֪ˣȴȻ㹻ľ衣
ѾķĹλˣԺܿ˹ȥóӦǳ˴ɨĹǰߺܸɾһЩĹƷҼʰ£ԼֽǮˮȶǰ棬ĹƬҵƵʹ׺ΪˮҶùģȻѾ棬ÿÿź
̾˿׼ֽʱ򣬶ŵʾˣҿ˿ڱϳ̣ûע⵽ң͵͵ֻһۣдţǧҪֽ
ұ༭˼ַȥΪʲô
صĺܿ죺ΪᱻߣղǮ
ղǮһҲ̫ףżѯʣȴ߹ˣޱĿңأ
һûôһ棬ټڷص棬Ȼеη壬æ˵ûʱ䡣
ţǲǸŮأ
û͹ص
˵ҸϽֻˡ
ҵģû£ҪִԲ˭ҲȲ㣬𵢸ˣֽɡ
ҵ˵ͷȻԷֱ浽˭ǰң˭Ǻң˶ҪңңƬĬܸҴô
ȻûκλӦȥѾȥҲزȥˡ
ͳ׼ֽǮǸմ򿪣͹һɷ磬Ѵˡ
Ϊɺϣĸһûз磬ҲŴ򿪣Ȼմܳˡ
Ƿ磬ҲܸܲȻֻÿΰʱ򣬲ŻһԲǷ磬˭ѵǰŮΪֹֽ
ע⵽⣬Ǵ˿ЦݣͳԼĴ˵
ݸҵĴZippoԱٿ飬ǴģȻҳɹİֽǮȼˣͬʱֻһ£ӦǰŮַϢˣֻǴţҲܿ浹ȷҴĿ϶
ڷǰһȦȦ￪ʼֽڱϳ̣ʱʱĳһۡ
ķĹҲɵԼЩÿ춼ڵ£ÿν˯ߣᾪѣԼҲѲֳϦʵһּ尾˷ǽѰɡ
ֽǮˮõпɢܱߣ˵ŻǰĹ£ϸûʲôĶǣĵζѻۡ
˵˵ţҵ߾ģˣĨ˰ʪ۽ǣȥƬƺ˶һȥҲڿңʼձ΢Цı飬Ȼֿȴһ䡣
ȦһС磬յֽǮӡÿֽƺ״
ֻǽȴЩֻ֣ȦȦҲ磬ĪĴҶصǿƺֻǵ磬ҿŴЦЦʾҼ
˿ĭӲͷƤţֻֽѣȴе쳣ѡ
֮ҿͷʱȴſӳ£Ƭ췢̣ŵѪ⣬˳űϿȥĹһֲڵ·ƺѪȾˣ͸̸ڵѪƵá
ȴأôſŲˡ
ɫѿ۾Ĺҷģұ˲䣬ҿƤӶһ£
ûпҵֽžñ
ңٺЦţˣֽյĺϣ϶ûˣȥú˯һ
ô򵥣Һɵĳһӻ֣·ǰߡ
еҪֻߵúͳֻ򿪶ţȻѾʧĲˣֻһ֡

ֻһ֣٣ȷϵʱҲ䵭ʧˣ༭˺üŷȥǶûлӦСĶſ˵ֻȴȻûϢ
ŮѾ
̿ˮŴȷû°ɡ
ͷҲص˵ȷİɡ
ҧҧҾһΣڹʮ·ڵʱֿˣǴؼҵģȲŮĶţʼվò˵ȥܻ˾ǷӣȻڵȹĶš
ҪˣСʱͣס˲ĪĲҾȥҽԺҰ֣⣬ҽԺ˶࣬аȫС
ȻʱҲûʶԼ˸ԵĴҽԺɲʲô˾ðȫĵط
⳵˾ʦǸˣһ人ͦĺ죬ϲٿ־壬Ҫ³ʱ˾ʦգգ۾˵ֵܣͶԵҵ绰»Ҫȥģֱӡ
Ц˵а
ڼǵ绰ʱȴʶԾˣղ˵ɶţӣ
Ҫ׷ʵʱȴѾ˻ַˡ
ҽԺĴţҵ亹乶£Ե޹ʵģΪʲôҪ˵ӣֻһܣǾˣһ
ҺǿųҽԺܹȥеҪˣҽǻʿǲҲԣҾ΢һ㡣
ȻҽԺֻҪʮ׵ľ룬ʮӣȴʮףһֱԭ̤
ҾһΣǽҲйۡ
֪Լ߲ҽԺˣѡ˳ߣ·ߵľɫڲϵı仯˼ʮͷһʱ·ȴʧˣֻǰ·ܿ
Ҫȥ
Ҳˣȴɼ˭ǰܴҸ޷⣬һ·ϣҲûпˣдÿȵʱ򣬺͸סƵãκƽ׵ļһͷ
Ҳ֪˶ãڵĿĵأ԰ǰһƬ˹Ҿվںϡ
ô
⣬Ҿˣɬ³֡
Ҽǵú˹ġ


12 ͯҥ
ûκλӦ
ֻз죬˺ˮĲлһ
Ҳĵͷȥͫ׵ɵùԲһͷȥ
ˮҵӰӵӳȥһ㣬ˮĵ仯Ҽеģܰɾˮȴ棬Ƥ͸ãˮݻһ㣬ЦţԵ
ԭһţҲʧΪһùޣʱȴˣǹҪҵĹһģˣһ˿ζ
Ҵûмµ飬ܵĴŶ£﷢ζҸ˵
ˮȻЦţ̧֣ԼմˮݵͷҺȻ֣ԼҲѧĶ̧֣һŮһ㸧ǰͷ
ô£Ҹˣ
·ҵĿ־Ŀ֣Цţˮлһֻ֣¹£ĿҲˣ棬ֲǣ۾ҲѪɫġ
Ҳ֣ץȥԶҪ֣ʵϣһǧһԸ⣬Һⲻʲô£ҵȴԵָӣץȥ
磬磬һ硭֣ܿҵбţǾʮȵֻҲץס֣ĵĿ־ŨѾʱٿҵ壬ҿ϶ֱӵȥΪƾԼĶ
ı仯ȴҵԤϣûеˮֱӳˮ
ָⴥʱ۵ʱȴԼǴСϿĽǶȣվڰߣĿңңȴǳںףϢĸоӿʹ˲佫ҰҷԸſˣץסǾһ㡣
ЦˣЦûһ˿¶ȣֻ˵ĮԹĳ֣һֻﶪ㣬Ӷȥɴ˫ۣһ˫Ϥİۡ
ѩƮѩҥѩ÷ϣ÷÷л÷÷⣬÷⣬⹫Цա
Ҿĳ֮ʱȴͻȻͯҥϷֱ棬ǸСŮȻ࣬ȴһħԣ֪Ϊʲôһͯҥ־м˲䳬Խ
ָоһֻҵ࣬ڳܲסһըҷΪȵĿ־˹ΧԼںףվڰϣҲûӰӣղŵϢУȫԴԼԭ֪ʲôʱʼһֱԼĺͻȻͯҥҿѾԼԼˣ
ˣͯҥﴫģ
̧ۿȥͤŸСһյֽһ߿ңһ˵ĳŹͯҥ
СҺԶȴһ۾ͱϳ͸СŮֽˣҲֽ˻С
ŵĵҵһͳȥģҰ־·Ͽֽ㱻ײû뵽ȴֽ
ֽˣֽˣǸҪߵĺСŮǲԶˣ
Ҵ˸£ƨҲֲ֪ĴڣҸҶȻͯҥңҲΪǷŹҵףȻҲװôˡ
ûվ˰ߣͯҥ죬ҶԾǴɥӣȥʮףָ˵վǰ񱼡
ܵ·ϣŵ߸˴ǲǰȫˣžˣҸϽһֱû¶İŮ˵ˣܣղŮǱһֲĴˣⲻû£׷ġ
һûˣ
һǰ񱼣һʵղô
Ů˵ôң
ˣЩίҸ˵˲Ҫֽ㲻ңǸں㣬Ҫ֮ǰɱһΣֽµƣŮѱǺģԹͷԹŨֻҪԶԶģʲô¶ûУ㱻ƭԼȥǧ򲻸ֽ
ˣ˵ֽҲдˣڼ
Ůصֽû㲻ȥòӦҲĶж٣һֽʱȦ磬֤ȥǮȦͷɾͲһˣƽλãֻͨĹ»ҰǮΪñ˵ĶصԷ紵ҪȦ磬ǿɾͻˣ֤жţȥǰǮϾҪӦ˰ɡ
þˣֲҪŪңҶôûѾˣƫƫ֪ȥҪǵֽã˵ο壬յֽǮһҲûõЩˣҶǶǸģ͵ȰǮ˰Ǯߣ裬˵Ǹˣˣ¶Ҫ裡
Һ޵ҧгݣȫң˵Ȼң
Ѿˣ˿ţϲģˣĴȴԶʤڹǰŮƵƵңȻ֪϶ǰװװæһ׵̬Ȳô
ŮĶˣǰҲҳ֣ΪţŮҲҶǲֻԶԶĸ㣬ڳûϣҲŸҳ˵仰Ů׷ˣҾͲܳˡ
ԣҲɵþôҲܲҸɴ಻ˣϥ˵ȥҿ϶ˣȴЩԲ㣬ôΣûüر㡣
ŮλظĺһӶʾ죺Ǹĵˣֻܼңûѡ㲻Ҫҡ
ҿЦ㣬Ҳⲻɲ𣿡
Ů˵Ҿиܾ㡣
Ҿһæ׷ʣ˭
ȻõһôҲ벻ͨĴ𰸣
ҺͿˣҾͺˣôܾңŮȴǽƻ˵㣬֤б£ĶһЩ㳯ܹȥŮ׷ȥȫˮʱʹ㣬ҲԾȰ
ǰһѰ˼òϷ㲻ŴκôаҲһΣȥ㣬ҵҪզ죡
óôţˮԣ
Ůžûˣ֪¾ҪˣϽ⳵֮ǰǩݵʱ򣬴ǱԼļͥסַģһûֱ˦˾ٿǮ͹ȥ
ȻڿҪʱ˾ȴָǰ·Щȷ˵ǣ㿴ǲվŸˣ
ҳһۣˣⲻվ·мЦأ


13 
Ȼô׷ˣ
뵽֮ǰҲ㲻֪ͰԼˣԩ͸ˣ˶Ϊɱʵֲ̫ˣһͷһһߵĸо
ǰˣҵͣ⳵˾Ѿ׼ɲˡ
ͣһӳ˹ȥͼƷ̣Ťһһȭϣ̣ӱ̽Ųϣһ˲˺üٶȡ
ӣɱˣ˾ס۾ŵòҿ
ҽҧأľԽԽһˮݵĸ׵Ѿˣ⳵һûκ赲
˾ڴУûײ۾һŲ˵أ
ء
ϺȻһͿմˮݵԴӵ粣̽ǹЦ
ˣҪǰޱ飬״̬һЦˣǷΣյҾô֤࣬һ㡣
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14 صķ
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ЦţҪ𣿾ǿ㲻˳ۣôҰ
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15 
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16 ĸŮ
һ仰˵ȴͬħ䣬һӽŵֱ͸ţҴ˸飬Ժֳ︡ǸվſڣҪߵĺСŮĻ档
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17 
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զ˵ûþûã϶ˣǸöؼʱ̿Ծ
Ҳû뵽˵ֻɱ˵ĻҹƶٻˡұΪҪôû뵽ȻǼ⶯˶ʵ⳵ղǲʲô
ҺĿӰⶼų͵ͷĸŮ¶˵һ飬֮ȴǴЦᶼЦˣסӿЦָָңұķӦŪͷԣʵ˰ɣզˣ
ЦĸŮǺȴֺͨͬͨ˺иһ٣ǲͬ´⣬ײˣĹͻȻǸԹʱ䶼ûУˣȴ֪ԼѾˣȳֻͨ˵ȻǿĸŮ˵ģҲ㣬ƫƫײǣ¡
⻰ĿɿڴտʼҲû뵽簡ôһ˵˵ǻ᲻ʲôõĽ
ĿŹ֣õĽ̸ϣֻϴ鷳ˣĸŮͻȻԼ֪ԼѾˣȻҲûзӦΪ֮顣
ĪţȻأ
ֻĿңȻڷӦˣһʱôˣȴˣƫƫͻ˼Ϊ͸Щ˼һᱻĬΪĸŮ˲ԸͶ̥ټǺҲԸ飬һֻ۱һֻ۵ģҲ˵ĸŮͶ̥Ļˣǻص֮󣬷Լ񣬾ͻ֪ԼѾ˵࣬ټûͶ̥ĻᣬĺԹҪô󰡣
ϸ룬òƵȷҿЦ˵Թǳɣ
ٺһЦ˼Ѿˣ㺦˼ҲͶ̥û·˻ؼң˭
ԩҸоԼҪԩֻһ£ΪʲôֱʹץԼͷ޲óԼơ
˵ʵأûĸŮ˵⣬Ҳָģ޷ʱ⡣
е£Ŵɶ˼
˵ָף˵ңҾ͸㡣
ҲʱвңˣЦ˵ҿԣͷĸŮˣҾһ㲻£ǹײСŮ
û˵꣬ͺۣץסҵ˵˵ʲô˺Ҿɱ㣡
ֻҪһ漰СŮȫһˣӿǳɱ⣬Һɣ飬϶ǲһҪҵġ
ãʵķſң³һЩƣ˵ŪϷʲô飬ǾͿɣȥһط֪ˡ
һ߷һʵȥĶ
ȴǱ۾ûлشҡ
ֻͷʱʱָһָ򣬾СʱʻѾȫ뿪˳УһƫƧӣӽܻɽᴩӵһӣв˿ں̲ɳơ
ӣֿ˳ȥƫƧĵ·ԽԽԶеɻ󣺡ǵҪȥģ
ָǰ棺Ҫˡ
˳ָķ򿴹ȥһƬӣӱһ峺СϪ¹ǳƵãһֱӵ
˳СϪǰߣ·ԽԽƫŵµ·խĸƵã𽥵ľòԾʱʱĻͷܸоڰƺʲôڶҡ
ʴûиоʲô
һۣҪͻȥ
ұҭ˵㶼ûߣҿ϶ߣӸˡ
һ·޻ǼǰֱŵĸоԽԽԣҵĽűߣƺһ˫۾ĸоԽԽŨˣ̲סڣûвԾ𣿡
˾鷳ɴקǰߣݴOO@@Ĳ֪ʲôܼ͸Ƶãܸ˰ɣɴƫƫţͷǰߣҾַӦܲ˦㵽ʲô
һ򣬺òվȣҵĿ£õģҵŮвң
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һûĥףݴʹһƬһֻֻɫģɢųζ˳С۾ֱĿҡ
·޾գ۾ͳǧֻһڲӣһңҾ޴ѹ
ⲢµģµһһһǼʮֻǼ׳˶гèСľ󣬳Ǹ룬һ˫װ͵ӵ۾ȴѪ⣡


18 
ĴүǣһǲẦֶģǧĳ֣Ǿˡ
ѵٴϵ
ŭŴ赽Ҫʲô
˺󣬴ӿڴͳһҩۣԼţЦʲôȻҪ룡
Ķ͸ˣ̶ֳܻȣ׼ҩ֮Ͳˣ糱ˮƵķֿһ·ȭͷݺݵ˵һΣһңҲôҷһٷŹ㣡
ЦᶼˣһΣʵ㣬һˣעҪι󡭡ܹңĲܹңʵ̫ˣģŪףΪʲôôǱľ棬ûʱˣûʱˣֻݵģһν⡣
ĩˣĨ˰Цᣬһһٵ˵㣬
ʲôĳԹһִŵ̶ֳȣһ䣬ŴĽҿ½ǮһˣȻ˶ȥӦöĽɣҺ֪ΪʲôҪ
ʹҲҪס
ܳ죬˵û¶ˣǵйأǺ㲻һǺ׾ȥ⣬ڸַǳɣǺˣõĺ˰㣬ộˣԼ˵˵Σ㻹ǻţΪʲôͲأ
ӻŻһִ߼ȫҿѾͷˣƺҪ뿪ˣϽ˵һ⣬ȻҪˣô͸һɣǸǩĽݣǲǴĳ壿˵ǩݵԺ󣬻ĳֺô
ɫ΢䣬Ѿ˵˱Ե̲סʵô֪
ԤϵһģһҿŲϱƽ׶˿ĭʹԼƽ֪ΪҿĽݣңҵһţ
˵Լһ֮󣬴ɫ÷ǳʣǱŭؿķǳɤӽеأ
ȻܿأҾðִһ㣬ʹȱŵöڲϻǱסˣ˵ˡ
ûҳ֮ǰҾͰѽݸˣΪǩ˽ݵ˶ˣɻйŹ֣Ϊ˰ȫֱյû룬ôյ˳ЧѾҪץˣƵȥҴҵĳҩ۵ϢһȺ󣬾סҵ죬Ķҵ۾˵ǲƭң
λֿЦˣҲ֪͵ϣôȻɿһĳ룬ȻȻ˽ݣҵһţҷǩ˽ݵѾ˵࣬ô㣬᲻˽أ
ң˽֮ʮǮֽȫڤң
ҸһǳصĴ
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ҰסȫȻģе߶ţҳҩۣʣµԼһ˵һеĲңԼвԱУȻҲ֪㵽Ҫʲô
ƺеˣݶڴҪյһЩ㣬ӦҪݴﵽһЩĿģȣǩ˽ݵҪ֮ǰǮǻӣĿӦ֮ŻɵģŹײСŮ˵Ů²⵽һЩ
ҩۣƺɲʲôвˡ
´ǰߣȴʧ˷·ߣ֪͵
ôô󣿡
ⱲӣϱӣҸоҼӼûн࣬Ǽֻèһľ󣬼ֱڳҵۣǰ£ҼҧҲûдô˵ĳ̶ȣ
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ľɭȴһĿյأΪʲôҪ˵أΪƬյر˵ˣһòݶûгյصм䣬һӣŻҲ֪ǲҵĴܸоɫе쳣ĵģŷɭֲĻǻ棬һͰ͵ģڵĽܱ״Ķ
ʲôüͷ
Ҽȥڷ˶ߣڻϱߣŸ߹ޣһŶţһεε߹ͷϸ˳ɫҲе㽩ӲˣһͰ͵Ķôһأ
һľȵˣӲǻᱻեͣͰ͵һţ
һ뵽̣θĸоӿſһ̲ס˳ԵĶͲ࣬¾¹ˣֹסŻ⣬³ȫǿ൨ˮ
ɫ԰ףȫˣô죿
Ѿҵ
ȻڴʱڴȴͻȻһϽͳҲĥһЩˣԤԽ׶ĹԽ֮ǰǷţ֪ԼѾ˵ĸŮֻ˼¾ûжˣɼһԵġ
˼ֹͣˣΣղǳģè̽ͫԽԽ󣺡ʲô


19 
ڿյصıԵ½½ӰȫǴͷ֣֮ǰҪ༸һۿȥģҲϰֻ࣡
ҽŵץһ޷ܵĻǰˣԶֿˣ¶һ·ĸˣǽӲĿʬԶԶؿţʬĴ룬ĸߵϣקڻʬԶǶһ㱻˦Ȼһʡʬ壬¹棬ţյž죬ûãһεε;価߹ޣδδ
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ҼѵĴϢţڰǣô
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϶Ⱥ궯˵ĸоǻʳС۾צٵأһ͵ļƣʣµһľİ߹ȡһߣҲ಻ס͵س˳ȥǼֻͷļһİռõλãͷͣ¹ӳǷĺĽʳҸоθֿʼˡ
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޺޵Ķһݻұ۾תȥ
ȻһûüӸ߿׹Ĵ̼־ͱסˣקҲȥȻ̧ͷҵ˭


20 
˵һ˲䣬Ҿͳ׵Ĵסˡ
Ǵ˿·ңҿܶûô𾪡
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ڵֻԼôûأ
Ұ޶»ǳʶȻھС㲻ҰޣЩһǹûԸǺܺ
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˵ʵ̫գҲǷĵƣ˵ԺԶһɡ
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һֱӾ͵˵ϡ
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ѵ˵Ķģ
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21 
ôǩЩʲô
ҲգҲգ֣һǸעԼ顣
αֵĺ̹Ȼҵľ֪ȥˣϵĸԭ
ʵֻǸý飬ҴһѧֶΣ֪Ƿ˵éɽҵֶξ̥éɽ
̲סéɽǾ˵ôںˣ
Ц뺦˲һ֮䣬éɽ֮ͨ˵ʿԼ֣࣬ˮаֻٶ漰·棬й¶ˣˮΪת˶ʼɣаɱ̫࣬ȱ׳ʱãһˣӦɾˣȴЩĸˣܹգʹǸˣеʱҲûа취ȫˣѻӦǵϣɳĹнأеĸһزۣΪ˽⣬о֮
Ȼ֮עģ쳣Ĵеĸլʺʩչֶξˣʩ֮ǰ׳ʩ֮ȴް߰ףҪŮԼʮҲ룬ֻÿֻʩչһ֮ΪҵŮȥұŪݣӦע⵽ûϢûеѺûޣôõ飿Ȼ˺ôôȻҲҪۣۣǩ½֮˵
ԭ÷ǳջ٣ղҲ˵£ɣѵͲԼΪ˾ԼŮͿɱ޹
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Ȼеǣǿǿ˵ͨأҷŭĵŴָԼıӣѹͲǩݣҵģ
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Լúúõģи˸㣬ͿҪˣʲô飿
ңأ漰ղʵĵڶˣϵ׷ʲô飿ʵ˵Ҳ֪μʱֻϻ졣
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˵Ѿ㹻ˣһ䣬Ȼڴϣңûƭҡ
˵Ҳ˵ˣԭƣչȥĸĸˣУȴ˲һţıһС
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ʧĿ˶촽û˵
ңȻżϣԼ֪ԼôЩµģô֪İ취أʵҲͨˣֻථһ㶫ѡ
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˫֣վ˵ˣҪȥһ¡
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ʱҿҪģȻôжΪң͵͵㣬ˣɣҪɢģҪ㣬Ҫ£Ҫõ
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˵һصĵط
Сʱվڹ棬ŴӴӿһǶ̳ӣԶԡ


22 ״
˵ۻĶܿƹ꣬ŮֵȼСֻҪڷѹ죬Ȼͻ군űӰѹӶ̲סǸ
νʼ򣺡Ҹĵطųɡ
ĵȷʺŹҡѰ˼£ҵĻȦصĵطɴ࿪˵С˿̳ϵķ࣬˵
䣬ȻоȦ˼֣һĽ䣬ŮţɫҰף۶ǿ־塣
һҲһ棬˵ŮˢҶԹȺʶݺݵ۴˵㻹ðɣ
û˵ܿҡ
ᣬҶ˼ȡոµһ㣬ѡϵȼŮƵãʶţĹȼˡ
һӦǻָ˲١
ҿžģҲֵǮסңˡ
üͷ뷴ȴŮ˵˵ĶԣҲڽˣС̫಻Ǻ£鲻ܲġ
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ʲôҪܿҵģŴǻɵĿε˵һζңǾĺȥˣİɣҪֺαؾأȷҿ˿Ů΢΢ͷ
ҳȥ˸̵Ĺ򣬴ͳˣѾ̸ˣû˵ʲôΪ֪Ͳܿңųķ߹ȥȥģصЦЦ
ųǵг·и̯긾Ů³˸ڿ㣬Ȼֻˣҳڿ㣬ʵ㱾ꣿ
˵ΪҵıҲڿġ
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ڱϲûѾҵѪǮϴԡ
ʱ򣬴˵ţȥӡ
ҰһԼˣͷߴҿ㣬ֲ«ʲôҩֻ뿪˴ӣֻһֱɵˣʲôɱط񣬾Ȼڿ㷴ͷ곬Ƶá
ϴԡĵ˳Ҳˣֻ̬ȺܺãҲ˵ݰɣֻε˵˾ԡ
ˣֱˣ
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ҧгݣ㡣
һҲеţϽ˵Ϊ˰㡣
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ָָԼأ
˸ۣ㲻Ҫ˥й׼ʱҪῴģȻ˵üһڱѪ֮֡
ҿЦã˥û뻹ֱ
ɲǸöһֱѰǩݵĿ꣬˭Ҫˣĺܣʮʱҿ˹СԪҵ̫̫Ҫȥˡ
չأǱȻҪġ
˲ľһĶ˿һ̣Σ˵ǻľģľľ֮ϣ״̡Ҳ֮ܳΪ̡ܹ·꣬ǱСǣץСֻиڱϿţȻҪˡȥһ˵Ժӵţ·ĺпˣǾܺˡ
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˻֣ŮƮ˹˵㣬ӣܿߵˣôͿܣǧǣҲ㹵ͨϾйġ
ҾԾˣô׾ܴ򷢵𣿡
ɫһ䣺ûΣվˡ
ûΣգ֮˵
ʶĿŮȻĿҲ㣬˲ˣֲ֮ǰŮ̸ʱ򻹲֪ԭԭײ˵ŮҪˣ
Ѫ˽ҶԴµĶ壬סȭͷҷŮȴڣԸġ


23 Ҷ
Ը
ֻҿɲţΪΪǴģŮ͵ԸģҲǸס
üͷʵʲô
Ů˿˵һʼҰʱ򣬾ǱĿԵģΨһܹӴˣҲϣΪΪԸǻ˼а꣬Ͷ̥ĻᣬΪԸ
ʲôԸôϸ룬Ůηžңðž޶ķգ΢ı£ЩԸҵĶֻҪһָܰȻˣΪԸϧͶ̥Һ
ŮҵνԸԭҶǱˣС˫ȥǰݽӼǿΪݼҲѣʵǽӼòˣ֮£ֻܴԼĵܱܵ磬¶ޣΪ޷ĳҵ˹ǿΪԼǽ㣬ҶȻܵܵΣ֪ԼⱲӻˣעûǰ;ɵܻܵСȻлıˣҶԼʡԼµǮŵܵܶ飬տʼʱܵҲǰé֮ʶһȺӵܣѧ˰ķУҿʼԼҵľ
˵ʱҵüͷѾ˴֣ѪĴҲ΢΢¶ŭɫŮ˵ţû̫౯˵˵һԼ޹صĹ¡Ϊ˲õܵڱǰҶʱ䣬ÿ¸ܴ֮ܵ⣬ʱ䶼޷ĳһҲϿ壬ȥҽԺ飬־ǸΰҶûнߵܵܣΪǸ߿ڼ䣬ŵܵܣȻû뵽ǣĵܵȴΪ߿ǰһͬѧϴԡŮ˶˸߿ҶԽŭģ񻯣ҲûȥҽԺĬĬȥһ㣬ҶҶ
дż̾Ϣȥ㾹ȻԹ޻ڣѵá
ȷȻмߣ˵ԹҲǶʱƽϢģҶȴȻûһ˿ԹɼŮĵǺε
Ҵû뵽һֱҵİŮ˾壬ҵһӵĻ𣺡
ҶһЦҲգҲգθʲôԹ޵أ֮Ϊ˵Ҳִֻ࣬ȻڣҷԼһУеϣ;ͶעڵܵϣҿҵѪ˷ѣȻǲĵģ˼䣬ϣܹɳһõˡ
Ŀ˸˰꣬ڻѾҪ֧ŲסˣĵܵȴûгɲĶô
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ܸӣԸϣܹĵܵܳɲ𣿡
Ҷͷ
ȴҡҡͷѣ˸һˣǾͳ׵Ļˣܵȱԣ˵ľ͸ģ˰궼ôΪԸ
Ҷδ˵Ҿ͵Ŵ˵Ѹƨ㴦ĻǺ˵ʱô˵ѣҶİɣһԸġ
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ȻǸѪ˽ĴҶݺݵĵٹʮ겻ҲҪô㹱ף
ˣˡҶ˾죬˸ЦǰδΪǣңȴܵˣҺܿģ˵öԣעɢ֮ǰܰﵽ㣬ҲǲˣҲǷȡ
룺԰԰˼Ҷ⣬ƨ
˼ãջ̾ϢҪ˵һЩȴ²һ֣ҶĿң䲻ȴȻ
Ĭˣ±ԣϽʼ㰸򣬹ƷѾ׼ˣŰֽëպɰҽԼԩд״ֽϣҳ˼ʼʣëдŤŤ˵Ҫ˼˾С
Ҳûд״ֶֻֽܽʱ䷢¶ȫдȥǷֱȫƾжϰɡ
ʱŨҸ˥ˣͬʱо˵ĺ⣬˿ףҶҵͷһҵ壬Ӧҵһαɣѹԭ˵Ļǣɢ޷ԼΪҶȻҵʶѵģӵĸйۣһιڵϵ״ƺе㶯ˣһһǿҵԹϢӿ˹
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˺ü״վ꣬һһС֮ǰĸŮ
ǾȻڴ˿̵ҲڳжԻĺҵ޲ңǸСŮزۣԹҪ󣬴˿̼ǹЦ⡣
Ѿֶ֪ЦãЦˣǲֲġ
Ҷ˵ܣ
ĸŮ˶ţҸ޷ʶȻѣŵȴǱˮסƵá
СŮЦţ壬ˡ
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ڴʱͻȻקһѣϺɢӰȡһմѪĸŮ˦˹ȥ
գг򵥵ĿƹĶ
ʲôǾѪôɵ
ȻȴãĸŮ˱˦˸ţ࣬ȻϵȴǳźתȫҪŭװ
һԹܴ˳̶ȣȴʧˡ
ʧ㲻ģ㵹Ǹ취ɵվⲻǵקŴ׼ܣȻʱ״ȴֿʼˣҶˣ
ȻһɸϢӿ˹ҵĸоɭ̶ҪʤĸŮ˼ʮϣȴûκԹ޼ӣһɵϣĸŮ˱Ҫģ˿ȴǷңգ۾ʧԭأֻһԹ
·ߺˡ
һϵ𣬼ŨŨķŭƺ·ΪѾ׵ļŭ


24 ˸ݵģ
ͷһؼʶֳ棬ԭľͷһѣת׼Ļֽóһɨͬʱȼ򣬳֮Ҿ飬֮˺δԪ纣ԩ
ʹǹŴҲ˻״οִѾˣҹе꣬Ҳûһʱ֮ûӦʱŨʱƺڿǣһȻƣǼֽǮҶϣҲ֪ʱʱǵġ¸ЧٴοڣѾࣺԭǸ״֪·ն˹˻رܣ;ԩΪҪң
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ȡ㣬һ﹩һ֣עı飬ó˲䣬۾ֱˣһգգĶţȴȼʱ򣬸촽һ͵ı飬ҶӳһǧɣȻȴͻһ̰ͬǻ̰ƣ̰
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˵䣬ʹ˸ɫҰдõ״ֽóڻһˣÿһ㣬˽һ֣˵ԭ
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Ŀ⿴ңҸоڵҶԵɪˣС̯³ǹһֻȻûС˼ڣдһ˿ζҲǺͿЩɥȴ֪ԵɣˣҲǸͿ
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ҸϽлмҪ֪ԭ
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ҿܹõ𰸣ȴδ뵽ҲǴסˣãƺҲûκͷ
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25 
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ҳ׵ľû׵ģźСŮģȷͦɰģžǸӡ
СŮĿŷݵĻҽǵЦ⻹ڲɢʼ΢ЦЦһ仨ӣȴëȻģǸ㷴ӦǳЦţʵǯ}ĻţҸоö֣ЦһԼܰԼ
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ϰµģŵķΧҶҲ֧ţʹֲס״̬ˣҵų˳ȥˤڵϣɲɵģҶڷݵĻҽϣСŮűƻĻҽջĿ⣬еɫԹ֮ת
Ҿеʣһ֢ĹҪЦЦҪ޾Ϳޣ⸱ģʵĥˣڲûгãСŮûи˵ԶϤͯҥ
ѩƮѩҥѩ÷ϣ÷÷л÷÷⣬÷⣬⹫Цա
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Ҷ
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ҪôԸ
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ԸҲԡü˵һֲһ䣺ҪȻҶ
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ҲǾԼ
ȻȰȰĿڸ޲ӸҿҾܷܹķʽ
ҵ˵һ䣺ҵŮ󶨵Ķ԰ɣ
һᵽŮƽˣ㵸Ȱ˵ҵƣ̫ࡣ
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һ㣬ڷ߶ȴǰδеƽ˵ô򵥣ʵ룬˵ͱˣʱŮҲһΣƴһ֣Ӯˣľͽһˡ
ҿͣĴ˵ȣҲΣ㲻ŮΣȻҶ¿ư˸ӴţʵȴָСŮ״Ҫʲôôܽһϵ鷳Ҫǹͬ˼⡣
˼Сʱĳ˼̾һȻɳϣҿЦҸоҷˡ
ǰˡ
ܶ£ֻ֮ŻʹҾľֳۣϦҹˡ
һСʱ󣬴˶¥ǣԼŮҿһĻʱ򣬾úܲ˼飬˯ڹײСһȻıˡ
Ҳûп룬˽ͽթֻ棬Ȱָ˵ǷӸ硣


26 ѻͷ
˵ƾı׵ȥԱҪֲУһҲͬ˵Ұɣûɶͣ˵˻У汾ҲǸսںСŮǰģҪҵİϵܺõѣ˵ǵõһЩéɽĴУҲ׼˵ʶˣ֮Ҳ˴ڸġ
о仰ô˵ţһѣҾǴˣѿ϶Ҳòȥû취ڻҪǡ
Ѳڱأ绰ϵ£ԷĿǰݵµĳ˰µģȻҪȥĻƱţָָŮŵ˵Ҳ
౦ԼŮǴΣգȻôŮȥ
ɫܸӣҪչܲܰһڹײ⣬µۿҪˣߣ³ֲأһ㣬ȻҵŮֻ꣬ȴó֮
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տʼҲ״仰˼ȻСʱҾͶˣĲˮ֪ʱһΣֱ˳ȥΪǴ磬Цʼ磬룬Ӧòôɵ飬ȻĿڴŮϡ
պΣкδԪŮкСˮģȴû뵽αװƤĿЦţ֮ҵĶ˲ϣ·Ьװ˯֮ϱˮʱͿѻ֮꾵ӺһӻȥҴҲǶŸè߳òƻıһҪңֵģͷ˲ƽࡣ
ƤСˮֻǸǸֳƵһЩȻƵץ񣬵Ҫ˵ȴҲûУ˭ܺݵĶһĺӷأ
ҸоһͦϲСӵģǣСˮָʳҵº࣬ƺ˵׽˼Ȼ¸ĸģ߽߽Ůʼ
ҪԶˣʰ֮⣬һҪǾǶҶĳŵ
ĵܵܽƣҶΪص֣Եøߵ࣬ɴ˿ɼҶע˶ϣ
μƣҼһʮˣ꣬ȼŻɫͷ鲼࣬ǸС
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ⷭӿӿһ˿ŭҵĲӣҶ˹ȥקס֣һŰ߷ڵϣ㻰أǲƣ
Ů˿һĻΪѰˣȾˣƵһ䣬˵ϷĻڿҵʱż־⣺˭ûӦû˭ָʹԸҵģ
СӻԼˡ
Цһ˵ָʹġ
£ӦˣңҽǸˣôܡ
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ˣȻ˵Ǽˣ㻹ûһԣ
ΪֻǸ߿Ⱳӵϣ
ͷһطֻбȴˣ
һŵĴʱͲˣקס˵ôҲǹأ
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һûɿץĸˣ侲㣬ܽһپӻͷ̫ƽˣ㿴Сӣлڹ˼𣿡
ҵͷƣȻȻģĻԹĹâԵĿڷĲ
Ҷӣץͷҵ۾һһٵ˵Сӣԩ޳Ҳûƭ㣬ģȲҪɣģôģƴûɣǻģΪʲôΪĵܵܣǰΪ㸶һУ˸ǲΪɢ㵫һ˿ԣӦúú˼Լɣ㡭
˵⣬ͻȻ˵ȥˣΪƸûҵɵƵã֪˵ЩǶţ٣ͻȻӿһ˿ƣԸ˱ȶԸѣƣǸ鷳
ҷſһˣһ߿ųһƵ֪̾鲻ãʱʱİο䣬ȥ֮һɳϳ̣Сˮңʵ磬鲻𣿡
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СˮԴ룺Ǹ㻹£еˣͻԹԵˡ
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ϣŴƼ棬СӹȻǳԲǴ򣬸һŮڷڵأҿüʵпף
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˵ţӿڴһöͭǮڵϡ
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ʮӣʹӶĲҽУŮ·ûƨɾܳˣƣ˹ǽ첻Ӧеز飬ۿžҪˡ
ʱҲĵ绰ץסһͨûи˵ĻᣬԹԵ˵ֻǸ棬סˣǷȥұ֤ЩһӸ㡣
ֻһ䣺ֻҪúŬͻƽƽģָ꣬׬һ򣬱ڿСҪ
˵꣬Ϲ˵绰
ƵĲҽˣɴ˹ȥ
ҡҡͷѾӰˡ
ӰҲܣôãҲѧһЩֶˣ˻ĥԹŲĵֻǶҲöҲһĵЧ
ƣֻܰ㵽ˣɲɣɡ
һʹ뿪
ǵݣǰ򣬴˴ƫƧɽ֮УѾԶݣĸСʱŵ
ΪǰԼõĹϵǺܿҵ˴˵ѡ
˽ͦôһµġ
ֻҶӳȴǺܺá
ǵҼĵһĻڸһҴ˼Ե˻زȣͨթʬʬ䣬ǱǻǮĸˡ
ͱҴһ㣬һֺͷķڣոµĵۣӳĳװĹ档
ֻֳľŴ󻧼ҵдʣƺ߶ʲôΪĽҺͷ߶ʲôݡ
˯˯˯˯ˣ


27 
ƭӡ
ҺĶ˸壬Ҫ˵νѾ
֮󣬴˼İ࣬ǧлһƱ͵һҵ΢΢鴤ƭǮȻš
ǿ˵ĳ嶯һ۴һ԰
պǮ˸ɵʮ㣬Ҳ֪֪ղǺε顣
һСݣǾۼһʹȷϵܺã̸ŻСˮŰ˵ƭ壬ûﲻҪ˵
ЩΣʶڴǮȥԼɡ
Сˮ˸ۣŤͷˣĿžȻٵŮˣ쵰
ٺЦǮҲǮٳɶĵСˮǰء
Ȼ֪ĵԣûٸϹָ˵λѾ㶫˰ɡ
ûмǴĻӦһΰ߷ϣеЦŨˣһоЦúܲԾ׼Ǯļ̡
СˮܣǷӸ硣
ЦŨˣüͷСԺ塣
ƽ޹ʵһĲŷӦ
Сһտʼ⣬̾һӿڴٿǮȥϺܿĵĵͷˡ
Թƣ룬Ц˵巢ʲô£绰Ѿ㽲ˣڿզɣû취ˡ
û˵ΪΪĹϵҶܲΡ
ƺ֪ϵĵЦվʷݵķԱҪһװҶĸҹ裬һϲˮѾЩˣԴϵʶҪȴ˵ľͣ㣡
漰ֻˣҶŲˮҵͷ߰㣬ǹζһұӿܡ
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˲뵽ĸŮˣɵĿĪǴ˾ȻЩŵ
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ҵɫ𽥲԰ףһ˵ҵˣǰԼĽǶ˼⣬ǰȫûⷽ롣
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СˮҲͷʼԣ˵ЦҸɵƵãôô֣ʹҴȣҲǶԺСŮƾʲôʮҵɫ˲ˣ޵⸸ŮһҰ
ҶԷҽ˳ȥݸһ˵֪ѻ𣬵ҸСˮΪʲô㣬ΪǮ͸㸶룬ôΣյ飬Ҫȥǿõģûƽ޹ʵİ㣬ʮѣ漰ǶģҵģСˮģģڻö𣿡
һ룬ƺȷҶĸйһģˣǸƭӣǸŸˣ̹̰ԣ
һ仰Ͼҵˣ˵ûдɶʱǮ¸Ѱ
ôһѣϾͷӦ˹òٿʱҲСӿɶˣû㻹Ǯô˵ҿˣ
ҲأΪɶոջһƵˣڳԷԵı˭㡣
Ա˸аѸG꣬ԭɣ࣬֮ǰǼҴ󻧵Ժӣˣû󣬻˻˵ĸŮ˵ӣٲ롣
֪ҪΪҽĸŮ˵鷳ˣֻǲʲôϵһˣֻ⣬զզ˵ûϵֻҪĸŮľˣĲҪ
ڵʱ洩¾ĸ䣬м䣬ҪұţһֻһˣҪϵȥĸŮˡ
ûѶȣһ۾˫Թ۾
Сˮ˯֮ҲһԻ
ҸСʱȵҹɫ𽥼ʱͬŵȴǶȻۣؿڣˣ
ӿԺ䣬洩¾ҡӳһһСӰӣĸŮˣͬʱŵˣľ͵ģͻȻӵ׶ı飬һɭҶ
磬𣿡


28 ƭ
ҵ۾ţŵˣ·ĸŮˣһɹϢҵΧҸоЩѣڱкеСۣʱпû
㵹˵仰
Ϊʲôۣҹֲ𣿡
˵
ûְ˦ȥ
ڴʱˣλߣ֪Ǻˣ
˵Ҳ֣֮ǰĸŮ˷·ûпһڣע⵽ˣ긾Ů׶˵ҹ˭
û뵽ܺЩ°֮ǰ޷ģ˵ֻԹ˵ʲôǰ״΢΢̣ҹƹؼ⣬һΪý飬ҪĸŮ̸һ̸
ֻŮƺ̫ˡ
Ҳż˵ȣҪ֪˭Ҫҽ̳˲éɽͳѧ˿ߺͷˮҪǣóа
ŮЦв𣿡
СŮҶ߻ص磬۰ҿˣ氡Һüįú¡
ǳ˳飬۾յĸˣԹ˵֮ǰҲûҽôΣգҪ֪ôһ£ҿ϶ǲԸɵģ⻹ͷһظĸŮ˿
·𿴲ҵȻǸ˵Ҳв㣬ֻǸһʵȻԹأ˱У֮ˣΪİǣȻյĽǺİ˻£ǲܷĳԡڣҪҲҪ
СŮˣЩ˷ܣ磬ҵˣҿˣˣ
˵䣬һҵӿŵòۣô溰˾䣬Сģǹƻһ۾ϱպϣֱоȥҵը
ڤ粻飡
һĻŭȻ֪ڸ𣿿ΧþӶסˣⶫӦöΪͨͨУȻѾھӱ˷׭ѾȥˣˣҪ⺦ˣǱҳ𣿡
һСŮҵɧŶʱ࣬ŮԹ𣺡ʲôϵֲ֮ڵݣƾʲô£
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ĸŮ˳һӱŭˣǾˣǰɣĳײţе˶ڲˣҲòס
ƭӣǶƭӣ
СŮе
֪ʱѾ˯ŵСˮ͵͵վź߿ǣСŮоˣֱ˹ȥҪȻСˮȴǲŲæţƺЩССŮ˹ȥͱˣһӨĹСˮɢЦһö壬һڡ
ȴǰѴŵðϽܹȥסŮ
ĸŮȻҪСˮˣӿڴһŷ׭˵˵һ飬ұԸɱǣɱұ㲻ôˡ
ŮЦţɱɱǻںͶ̥Ļᶼûˣô죿
˵Ҫ̸صˣ˴һҴ󻧣Ը¶ĳޣҿΪ»ÿһչ˼˹ȻҲҪǼլһǱ˻µĻᣬ󣬹ԲܹͶ̥󸻴ҲûκѶȡ
ĸŮ˲˵ˣƺڳ˼òŮ
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ĵܶŵԣʱúľ
ֶܶ˹ߣǧܶȥ˵ǲɣ˵ͻᱻסʱΥˣӦᵽ
Ů˾ã㡣
СŮԹ޵Ĳһ䣺ҿԷŹҪҲһ糵ײһʹ
üαضһأССͣôԹޣ¡
СŮ˿ҲܣҾҪۣ
̾һȡ׼õĻһĸױŮͼΨȱ۾δĸŮͶ룬˫ۣ˵Ҳ֣⻭ǲ֮Ͷȥ֮󣬻Ĵżϡ
ҡҡͷͬʱеҲˣȻһɹѪһϽܹȥ˵ز㱻㺦ʼŵľû̸ˣһû̸ףˣ
ȻҲ֪ô£̫õԭɣҸ˼ͻȻһᣬˤڵϣɲɵģԴײھӵıԵ洩¾ܣţƬԴػѾѪˣҲӵƬʮӡ
ǩ˿ڣ˵Ƕ㲻ȥģСŮײ֮࣬±Ӧˡ
۵ֱ飬ղŵĶԻƺСŮԹҪĸĶడ˵ûЩԽز۵ĺӣԹԽǿֲ
Сˮܹ׭峺С¹۵ɵĹԲѽƭ壬ƭˣղžȻլƭ˼ң

ҿȥŻĸŮ˵ķ׭ȷլҴӴŪһģһ׭ж֪ģ϶ǵסĸŮ˵ģ˵ֻ赲룬ûЧˡ
ֱ׳Сˮ㲻ϱıҪǸǶֲǶֻ֣ˣӲʹֻǸо׭аϢҪЩоϹǿȫˡ
黹Ǹưҵĺˮˣסĸ첲˵Ҫûϵô졣
ô죬㵹ù¡
һͷŭӴüһһ˾һƣƭ˲㣬ƭֱ
ȿȣɿ˵аյģΪý飬ҸǺúù֮ͨ飬֮Ȼ֪ʲôȷѡ񣬶Ҳû˵ѣұ͸ˣܱʮƽ
һŭδû˵Ҳǣ֮ǰƭ˼ôǮӦø㲹
ˣǿɲƭǮǼúõأûκ⣬ȴزʬ䣬ҪôйҪôԼԼͼİҼװʩǽ⣬ҲİдҪģҸˣҪģȻǮˡ
֪ȴԶԣ֪ô
ָЦһɫ˵Ҳ鵽йںСŮˡ


ڶ ѪȾɽ


29 ʮǰĸ
ͻأһ仰ҵעʲô
СŮӳֵʧ͸һȫ֪йĶҪ޴ӲһҺʹͷʹ˺þãôͻȻҵˣ
ָСˮ˵Ҽұ
ĪСˮĹͣŵĿСһ￩Цǵ˵ﱿţ뿴ǸŵֽˣǲÿζҪͯҥֻҪҵͯҥĳ֪𡣡
Դͯҥô࣬˭֪Ǵأ
СˮŰһǸң岻֪о仰²裬²ʰٶ𣿡
ٶȣ
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һһϢʮǰĴɽĸӣ赹ɽ£˾Ԯ󣬶ӰȻĸȴǱ񾭲Ŀɢ˵˱ųͯҥͯҥݣǸ
ϢǴĳɴģĳ˵ԼСʱ򿴼Ĺ¡
˲۾һԼˣȷϣģ˿ĭô̫˼𣿡
˸Ƿ˵ܲţһȻ֪ˡ
ڶ죬ĸŮ˵Ļ񽻸󻧣֮Ǳ뿪ˣһߵĴæ˭Ҳû֪ͨ˻Ʊ͵Ĵڷɻϵʱ򿴵һĴ羰־ò˵֮صȷ续Ψиȱ㣬Ǳǵ·᫣ΪĴɽײдһʫѣ죬ɴ˿ɼһ
˸ʵطСˮǣȻûʲôȤСһһҲûпӸеıˣ컶ЦţƺҪڹײ˯ȫֲҾúۣҲԵʰɣСˮҺ׽һѾֶŮˡ
ͨСӲһһǺܶ£֪ʿɶֹȻ᲻ãڳɶһ֮Ҫ뿪ˣǰɽ·ϣҴ˽طҹΪƶļɽ֮һɣɽƶͣݺύϡ
ϵʱΪģһԣõĴȴǴףҸҲûôںȻˣô϶Ѿ׼ǵó󼪴ĽһҪרҵˮƽˡ
ȣҪʮǰһĸӣΪ룬ҵû뵽ڵһΪĸӶеġĸסǳĿǰھԺȻʮǰë˾ͳͯҥص˶˵ܿŵ˻ꡣ
Ҹ˸ôСˮȻùݣǰԺ
̽Ǽλľĸס
ʮ¹ȥˣú࣬ϵ޺ҲûмˣᣬȥҪãȴͻȻЦ
ѩƮѩҥѩ÷ϡ
ͯҥҺϤͯҥ
ܶҽԱΧ˹ʮ꣬ǺϤ˿ָָ㣬档
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ǰǰҲǳͯҥȴûЦ
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30 ɽ
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ЦһĳŪ˵ֻһ仰㻹ҪصɽǸµĵط𣿡


31 Ĺ£1
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32 Ĺ£2

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ȫĺ䶯Ь½ģʹϣˣǴġ
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33 Ĺ£3
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34 Ĺ£4
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ڻãһ˸˵ĻɣԽԽĴվ󣬴𽥵ģ˵˸ев¸˵һжǺģ
ԼܾõĻ˵˳ԽǵɫԽѿ˵󣬴ѾǱˡ

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գ֪˭飬Ǿ˰µķǰֻƽϢķŭ˲ѡ
ŵû˹ȥֵܴ޴󺰣ǵļæҲȫץסˣһǸѡ
ҲܷŹȫ˶ץסſԣ
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ԸҲɢˣ紵ţʮ˸о󣬼СѾ޵ɤˣ۾µķĹԭɫ磬ƺ𽥱ɺڰס
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ĳʽĹѿˣ߳һò߳񣬻ŮӣһһĿһһġ
Ӳûܹӵ


35 Ĺ£5
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ʹˣһҹĥľܲ˼άȴƣ˵ƴɡ

ͷ׷Ʈţǲʮ꣬ˣȴɳƣǣƴɣϷŹǣƴûбĳ·ˣûˣ
ȻûӦֻĬĬأ뿪
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Ҫɽʱһͬʱͣסţ۶ǿ־壬˲䣬ͬʱбϵĸоǱһֻϻѾ¶צƺ˵һǾҪǵ
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ѩƮѩҥѩ÷ϣ÷÷л÷÷⡭
޳ͯҥ׸½̸ģôµ÷Ⱑʱᣬ½㣬ȥģʱıˣ˸ıʱ䣿ֻԼģЩõĻ䣬ͼһ˿
½㣬½㣬㡭
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ͬһöӣصϣ˶̱ˡ
½㣬㷴𣿡
ģĿա
˻ӦӤĿԽԽ󣬻谵֮Уϡ֮һĨ
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ѵ´ӱĲֻһ˭ûü˼Լĸĸͬʱк£
תͷȥִྴܵİ裬ȴǺ۶š
ҵģŶߣ˼ңǼҶ
УˣôԼŮˣҲӣŶߣˣ޵Ǵģﲻĵط
豯߳ڣ˵ⲻҵĵط
ǸĬģ̳ĴүһԸĺӣ˿ȴͬһֻ˶ɵϻκʱ̶һˣһֻץŮˣһֻץźӣֱɽҹȫ
ѾſǻϽתͷ޶Լһ棬İְֳŴɽ˰ݣȻһһģᶨĻص˴ӡ
еһ棬һӿģ·Ȼһı
ƺ뿪֮󣬴Ӿͳ׵ıκ߳
ɽ޵˺ѷΣǿıס裬һε𣬸ʲôˣһĴӣѾײˣƺɽڱΡ
뿪˴ӣҲûлͷ


36 ܲ
ӳ˴ɽִܲˣһۣҲֹסجΣָоҵȻˣȴڴҸоûзŹңѹֲָӿ֧ŲסҧԼָ·ķʽܹʹƬ̵İ
Ĺ˵ˣ˿ˮ촽ȴþõĳ
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ش𣺡˵˴ӺƫƧԡ
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ˣ֪Щܹͨ󵽵ģԣȷ֮һڵ£ȴЩʱˣҾɵ㻹һӤޣö˶˵ģΪλһӤ
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ó棬ŵļһҲҪˡ
˵֮ǰҶԴеİֻһɣôĹ֮Ҿûκΰˡֻûѡ񣬽ɽҺСˮΨһ·
һҹ޻ڶҶæµ׼׭߼ȥˣҷСˮй䡣
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Ҳ鲻ԸıϽȥСˮֱӾҪ룬ûԣſķӦСһÿ߶˿ڣǰȴһĵĵóŶ
ļٵģҲʳָ󶯣һڣȵζ˲ӿʳĲûˮứ֪ΪɶˣĵᣬĲŹ֣СˮڴںϣԼҲĹǺֻԱİ۳꣬ŴŮҲǸ⣬ȻΪƭϹôá
СˮûԵڶڣҲ˷ѣߣȥ֮ûãиǰѰôҶڣһȥ˿˿ʮ꣬һŰ壬ϻӻɫĵۣ壬ӨĹ˸һǷֹĵʿǸ͵ˡ
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Աţ˾ȻҲΪ˴ģǱͬĿģҪ˵һɽҵʱЩ𾪣ѵСŮֺˣǴðģôҲҪӣ
ǸûˣָǸƷ˼һ֪ǸǮƤ֣Ц˵λγƺ
˵ͬ˵ʱȴ΢΢ŲӣȻ˵Ǻˣ
ҲǴе㿴װƣ˵ѿǼ̳éɽͳ
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ɿţƿɲҴεԵɺѧ˵éɽ¡
ԣָֻʮȽǿţƣǴӱǿһ˵Աܲ
ɫ΢䣺أ
ܲ˫֣Ȼ˵ҾǱؼһļ̳ˣԶ֮ط֮ӣ
һǴҲһͬʱ񣬴ȴһӡ
ɶʱôտʼˬ˻־òô˵Ҳһģ˿ǣҲˣСˮʵţƺܲʲôͷ
СˮԴ֪ţӣȻҰ񡣡
˼һתӿ˵Сһ㲻ǴҪҪȥ׽ŪλԶţأ
Сһ۾һƺúսԣ۾͹ȥˣܲĤݣͻȻ俴۵С￿ע˵ʵСˮʵ̫ɰˣԴӤʵС˭˶Ҫһ󣬼ʹǸܲҲ˽ģСһۿ˵ۣܲ尡Աؼҵܲ壬Һóա
ܲԣɫôС;˵ؼ𣿡
СһĲĵͷϣ˵԰Һϲգרҵ㻨Ǯ۳ԣ᲻᲻ϲ
£СһﻹеԱĵͷ
ܲһĶҪڻˣϽӹۣԣھͳԡ
Ϊ˰Сˮ֪ļֱﵹȥ룬Ȼۿɼģ˲ͨ죬˲˶ȣûȥǿףͣƺεĻ
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37 ɽ
ܲΪһˣ֧׼ɽĶ顣
Ϊʲô˵أΪܲǲϤǱСˮ֮ʲôʱ˵µҲ֣ǱСˮĹǺܲǵСˮϲΨһܹЦԵˣҾͲˣΪСˮĻˣܲˣ˵ͬΪʿл˵Ǻͨ˾Ǻ޹ͨˡ
ܹоܲҵʵ˵ǲϣ˺ģʹȴ˷ܣ˶̬ܲȺܺãƨɣǳ֮קסˣܲʲôͷզƵù˼ң
Ҽ˼۾򣿺Ǻǣ㲻
ҲǺٺһЦûɽǺʤ㣬ǼܲǿɾͲһˡ
ĸǾ˱£
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ԭֲҪȥͽܲǴⰡ࣬Щڴ˶˵Ӣ۶úܲ˵ãҲе㱾µˣȻҲôΪʲôҪִŽɽҾ޴Ӵˣ϶Ҳὲġ
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ŵɫ԰ףͨ˲ȥأ
ܲۿ˵ҪȥΪΨһ뿪ӵˣƾֵĹؼ
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УܲüͷʼŵģͻȻһ˻֣ûǴĻһͷһظ˵Щ棺
ܲ˵ȥЩˣʲô
˭óǶЩͨѧҹִ˴ʵ̫ˡ
Ҳ붯Ϊܲ˵˷ԸԼūţұͿˬھȻҪȣҿ϶ӦȻܲȴЦһ㲻ȫͿȥʣ


38 ֪η
ұһһ㶵ģŵ㵱ɵģ
ܲתߣʲ㣬£ھˡ
ıӰҺ޵ƫƫͷе㲻̤ʵѾܿˣӴѧͨˣһ֪·ʲôɻ䣬ײɶǿɾ鷳ˡ
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ЩĴѧҾúܻƣ֪ǽɽ˶ľģɶҲɵ𣬾ôĴ˽ͼȰ˵ɽͷûɶ̽յģǻǿȥɣҶȴҡҡͷЩĵҽ񣬴Ӱ﷭ӸҿͷһֻɫĳӣмӲǣЫӣֱЫӴһ㡣
ҲҿɶҶ˵Щҽƴѧûռ걾ѧУʵﶼǰ׼õģΪһżȻ֪ɽкصĳӣұ֯Щоѧһռ걾һΪѧҵҲҰӪˡ
֪޾壬ֻǣüͷ˵ȻѾռˣǻǿȥɣɽΣա
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զ˵ܲܰѱĹ¸ǽһɣЩͷˣģǻǿߣﲻʺǣҵĻžͺˣҰ̫ңˮ̫ͣסġ
ҶһֱӵĸоͲĹƢȴǺܾ󣺡ҵĻᱻŲȥģ佫ᾭ꣬ǰ£ʵǼΨһ׼
Ҷʱѧʦҷ˷ۣ뿪ȥܲҲˣȰҲȰˣھͿܲզ˵ҰҶǵ˵ܲǹЦ޴
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ʮ㣿ǲصʱҿܲ˸󵨵Ĳ²⣺˵ʮ֮
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ֱܲվҲһ˿ңĵң׳գôܻ֪ǡ
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׼ȥıǻû˾ĿΪҹĹϵҲҹڿǰһأͣɽǰ뱱ѾԶˣеƻȼĻӦǿԿģȻһȥȴǳһƬɴ˱֪Ǹʲôˡ
涼ЩأỤ̄ķλȴǽڱϣʱԤ⡣
СʱȥˣҹɫأһƵʱӣȻ˵ûиоأ
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Ȼȴֻɽ񣬻Ů٣ָ϶Щҳ̵ݣѾƲסеĿֻˣû߽ӣѾôˣ
ڴʱȴǻȻվ̵ָ͸ʧһ㣬Ҵת
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˼Ȼʬأ
Ȼ֪ʬʲô֣֪϶ǸƲ磬ҿȴͣһ˵鷳԰ʬصĵطҲǸͨ˰置ֳôĶɽôĴ䣬ƫƫⱱ벢ɺϡ
˵֪ʬأ
üͷֱøˡ
˵һߵȴͻȻǶһʱҲûָоΣѸٱƽ޷ĴΣգ
һץץһֽĿ磬ɨһȦָǰ˵ʲô
ڰУӱķһźɫĶӿ˹Ϊҹɫ̫оһźƣⲻŵ棬ſڵϣɳɳһֻɫļ׳ܳס˵ӣЩ죬ھȻ
ĳӣ
ȴ죬ϸһ룬Ҷռ걾
ŮǳЩİ
ӿĶʲôˣɫ԰ŽеǳӣЩɫĳӣӿǳ溣
ҲϷӦ˹ܲû˵ȷдΣգôĳӣ߲ƣ˹һӪصķȥ
Сˮǧ°
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ǼӪصʱȴͻȻһҽУҹļž


39 泱
ǸŮ˵ģ
ǲҵ飬ֱӳӪأûгôĽӪﻹǱȽģֻ߰˸ѧۼһʲô飬߹ȥСˮҲڣϽڻҲһ
һŮʹĵڵϣͷǺˮͣ޲Դײǽкü˰ʵôˣ
Ҷʱܱ򶨣ҧˡ
иͷŸӣװһֻɫļ׳棬ֻһۣ֪Ǵ˵صĹֳ棬ҪŮƣҶԥµ˵ͷƿСȣȻиҧۣûôѪֻһƬһڲϵ˿ڱԵһЩɫĳ
Ȼ塣е
ҶУʲô˼
ǲû͵˼ӿĳ泱ͿҪˣչ˺ŮҪ߳ȻǱ˹ȥűҳһ׭ʱ伸߲ݻаҲиǧţ˸ߵĲֻ˵׭ޣѾļˣ㽫׭ɱﵵģû뵽ôҪóˡ
ſʯͷΧ˸Ȧȥʮŷ׭ôȼڻ˲䣬Ӫоӡ
֮ǰĳ泱˺ܶ࣬˵ӲǳģǰĹײϵġ
аȼȼյıȽϻһƽ͵ɢѸٿǱܵĶǵ񣬳ӿȥ
Сˮָѧǵķ򣺡Щô죿
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ô죬ҪҪȣ
ҿǡ
ȸƨ׭Ͳ࣬סԼؼ
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ҿһﻹǱߵĿ޺ˣʵ˵ҾԼɶˣֻʱʵڲĿǾ溣ҺҵҲȥʲôֻȴСˮ˵ЩҺܺãҳԺóԵģƭȾǰɣ
סСˮͣϹ˵Թ˲Ͼйܱˣ
ҪֶҡҾҲ˵ʲô¾ģһת˸⣺ŮӢۣȺҽƴŮÿɲҪǾǣ϶ҪİͯӹҲûϵԺˣ˵Ů۰Ͱ͵ĵ㡣
ǰһ˲ѧ֮˼Ϊ񣬼£ҷְ𣡡
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˻һ˶ǱߣȻӹǵ񣬶ʱм̲סˣȳ˹ȥҺ˺üҲûͷģܵĻҺ޵ؼʱ̹Ȼ˽ģҶЩżŮ£ȻҲµĹǺҸһ˱һŮѧǼ˼ʣģһܵ
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Ҫұˣҿ϶Ҫȥ˵Ļ
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ѧֶԴҵһμ֮ӵʮǧ֮ˣаճɵֽĨڼŮ˿棬ۿɼģЩɫĳȫ˳ļҲָܿɫѪ˳򵥰£Ѿûʲôˡ
ҶעһУԽò˼飬۾˸֪Ĺâͬ´½Ƶã棬⵽ʲôȻ棿ʲôģ
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Ҷܿµʣ˵µǷֽճôһķֽ֮ô죿
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ǰǰ飬̲ס
˵ˣúӶ£죬Ǹ˺Լˡ
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Ůˣֱ÷ѱķֽȥǰˣô죿
ҶƴҪǮƵãǣȾǣ
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˵Ļ̲ס˵Ļܲ
ǣȻܲ
Ȼܲɲʲôˣڶ죬Ǳ֪˵Ŀʲôˡ


40 ʬ
ʱ򣬴ܲﴫ˵ζ
ѧǾһҹѾǿ֮ĩˣͻȻŵζһʼʿˮ񣬿泱Ȼȥˣ΢һȴǿܲȺѧ֣˷ܵĴӵȥ
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Сˮ˯ʵģͻȻᵽζ˹
˶ΧˣܲѧǷĳоԼ۱߸ˣ˵ܲ
Ҷһ˵ŷ˼լʺ񣬲ˣ˳ԵģѪ
ŮΪ¶ǵĳɼ
ûմʵһﵽҪʲôã
ڣǼ鼴˵һ䣬ЩԥҲ˵Ͼؼ֮ˣĸ׺үүǳеˣҲܲǡ
Ҷ촽˵ǵȻͬѧǶҳɣҲȥԵ㶫ζ㰡
ļŮǰһҶ߳ȥֱԣһ䣺ȰǱȥԡ
ҶͷƳһۣмתͷ
һȺ˻˹ȥֻûһֱ˻ܲȻӴǣҶڣŮȨɽòƸɲó޺޵ҲǺˣ
ҿܲȻ˼ˣȻҶǳԣè尡
СˮͰ͵ŴҶ
۵ĴӰȡȳСˮɰͰ͵Ľţǳûζĸɲһ㣬ȷ˭Ļȳһõѡ
ȻûãСˮͿʼԼûȥܲĶˣЩѧǣúõ죬ͻȻֱͦͦĵȥ
˳ɫɷףһ룬װɰϵĶܲëʣպŵɰʼЩѧдд
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վҪŵ棬˫վ𣬿۾УȴǴ˳ֱͦͦеӰĽʬ
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һ;úаŵʣҿһľ۾УͻȻ뵽ɽпǼľĿʬˣ۾кĪǼҲͬܲƳģ
Ҷ۾е֣ȻûκηӦ˿ʹҶͷܲеʲô
ܲڵڶͿ˵öѡ
ãټģȻŭˣȭͷţƺʱп֣ܶܲĻɣ㵽ǲؼ֮ˣүүԶĸطǵ¸ʿأһʼ棬ڼ̤£öҩвʬ֮ͨˣ㵽а
ܲĶȻֹëʣһ߹Ŀץס죺ţСʿûʸҵүүҵĸףͲˮ׼Ҳûʸ񶮣ȻҲҪ㶮ңҲҪװʲôˣҳ֣ЩѧѾˣ
Ȼվһߵģȥץס֣ȴδ뵽ܲСϵȴʮּӲͬˮƵãҸףȻ˵һģһһǴСģȻȴȻǷƳɽʬˣ
ܲЦмƳһۣջԼĸ첲˵׳գЩ˵ǻۣͲ
סƴң˵ƽʬֻǰʬ֮Իʹãǻţû
Ҿ̧ͷͷʾԼû˵ٻ
ʹʲôҲҶҲ˷ʲôһϵвÿѧ͵飬ŮЩңⲢӰжϣҶͼܲ棬ȴͷĺһˡ
ҸŮ˰ģΪ˷ִֹżŮ˵ڴʦ뿪ɽصѧУҲҪˣ飬ñðɡ
Ů˷׷׵ͷ͸ľƵãͺˣҶ뿪ӪأҹҧˣҲûдˣʵӱûֻҪųǾûˡ
֮Űνʬ֮ҽһ顣
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ʬɲôøϵģʬʵźܶ಻ȷԣ˵֮˵ʬ壬ֱ˵Щصʬ壬֮ΪԷʬ䣬ʬ˶ڸʬ֮ǰɰʬ壬ͭ·ǰᡣ
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û뵽ȻģЩѧ֪ԼҪԴҲܲȰɡ
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41 
ܲͷˣûᣬѧһ·ǰ
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ܲЦ˼Ȳ˵ǣҲû˵ǣֲ˵ˡ
éʯͷֳӲҲû˰취ôСˮȥȻһţҪܲʲô
ڵʱܲסˣ˭֪Ǹõźţ־ٻѧǻΪУûκ֪ǿɷߣСʱɣѧ½߳ÿɫϣгӵҧۣѾˡ
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42 
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ЩѧǣܲɴȫߣۣҲûгȥҧǣҲ֪νʬ̫֮죬ѾѧĮȴҲȻ֮ǰ޷ġ
Ŀֲǵ˭Ҳû˵ҶüͷСˮѾ˯ˣԾСһΣյɽв洦߶ǱﻵˣŮ˳ͷ̾һεĽѣͿҪˡ
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⵹»ܲһǿԮǵͷ߽Ũ֮УɷȻͬ죬˳ŹͷȫӣǴ·ܵģ˸ƣһȡһƿӣװõҩ裬ȵҩɵҩ裬ŵ˺Ũζ˳źȥǺòᡣ
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⧲֮£ȥ²ŭ
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ƺлƲƽú˵аҪȴһƣռˣܲǲ⣬ֻ˼־òƾܸǿһĿȻ
ڣ̤صĴӣ߽ڵʱҵĺһ䣬ڰз·һ˫ԹѪ˫ۿҡ
һͷȴδκζʱ򣬴ȴǳ˳ҵӣָǰߡ
ڴߣһƾɵľݣųţиӰС̫̫ڵϣӹԼĲϣȻָӲĿٵԼ˫ۣһŲȿգڷϣָѪѪ˳ۿ䡣
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43 Ĭ
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ܲԶˣµ࣬ЩĿңû뵽һµľȻͨˣʵĻҪӣʼӲģµɣԹ翪ʼγɣÿһ񶼱ҪɫһһǰĹ£ԼԹޣǻԹɢԹɣȻ»ع㣬¿ʼʮܶʼѾ֪˶ٱˡ
԰׵ĿܲҲطʦҪħԭԹɢȥô롣
ܲҡҡͷ˵Թ粻ɢٴԹ˼˵Ҳǲ׺һڣҪ֪ⷽɾ˭ЩݵԹṩĶǱĽɫҲǿеĺСŮ
ֲûжȾܣԭĿֲڣ
ӴӳµʼѾʮˣѾظ˶ٱ飿ռԹָжôҼ󣬾Ӱÿˣܲ㸸ôΪʲôʮǰɳȥ˭ܹԸ
ȴ֪ﴥܲ仰˵ŭˣݺݵصңݵķŭͻںޣΪҸײ룿ΪΪʲôʧʮ꣬ΪħҸ״˽壬ҪȻʮգȴûκͷҲֻ뿪ȻҸײûз˼һֻ꣬һٶȽ壬Ϊ뵽˶ԸĻСŮİ취ǣһȥҲûл
Ƕˣ֪һ׮أֲܲ˵Уԭط㣬ʱӦûСɥָõԸҲǲܣЩǸĿܲȴƲͷȥɡ
Ҫ˵ջ񣬵ҲûУ֪˴ڵ״ȻʲôأľǣȥʱҶߵĺܳء
⻹صģǷ֣ȥ·Ѿûˣ


44 
׼ȷ˵ɽ·ûˣǳ·ʧˣǸ˴ӡ
ԭڵλãǵһϻģ˿˺üȦҲûҵ˼һ뵽˸ܣǽ
ԣܲһȡһö׭һ˳ȥƺнɫĹâ˸Ȼֻһ˲Ĺ򣬷׭ĵڵϡ
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ڴҹ
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ӰȡһŴ׺׼õĺڹѪ͵һǰĵ·Ϳ׭֣д֮ʱҧָ⣬γһѪͿͬǿʼӿͬһǰӳȥң·ڹѪŴ׿аԼѪָ׭·֡
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ǵͷһ뿴ܲʱҪָˣȻܲȴҡҡͷ˵ԼҲûа취
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Ϊļ֣ٶظϣһ밲ο˵϶µģǰ죬Сˮô෨ɾҪڵʱȴƵóܹ̼ģǶ
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46 
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47 ҹ
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Ȼͷܲȴۣν˵ǣǶ档


48 廨Ь
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49 ڶ
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ܲЦͷʱұȳָ˵ϾҪڶˡ
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ѧĸѧģЩǸеĿӦøմоδһ۾ͬĸ߰Ӧ㶮ʲôŶԣʲôˣװŪ֪
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ֻǾʲô£Ϊʲô漰ͨأ
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̧ܲܣطΨһȤˣûз˼˼ƺĳֺܼѵľû棬һ俼ȥˡ
Сˮ棬ֵʵţôˣ
ͷȥ˼ǼԼ̼˷ʱ䣬ǽǴĴԡ
⻰˵ãǼˡ
һٷ꣬ˣ絽ǶҪԺģ˭֪ȥǺΣյģķ㻹ҪģҸȥҺĽ˸⣬ȴǰ򲻳ҿЦ˵ֵǰٿǰȴûпЦ˼˵ûں
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ܾһ۵Ĺֿſڳʲô׼ȷ˵ӦӰӣҵɴ۾עӣǵСݰ˺˳ҿյſڣӰһıóʵγˣңŵ·һıѪȾ죬žҹɫôĴĿ
ǴͶΪ
˵ͱܲס졣
ŴźµĴֵŽ˶棬ǳڶ


50 Ů
ҷһֱ©һ£ƺһʼǵУûаЩȥĴΣ֮һ
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ͼǽҵɫ΢΢ףֲÿֵϵĺ¼ѾѪ£Թ㣬һҲ֡
廨Ь
ǵԺ˹ĳ֮ԥʵǻ
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˵ѲɸղŻԹҪԽǵԺӣ
һɵ㣺ԺСŮҪɱǣǺܼ򵥵İɣȴʼû¶棬Ӷ濪ʼһѣΪʲôأѵҪǷϷˣ𣿡
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˵ģĿͣеţȫ֪Լʲô
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ԥţе¾ԣ֡
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ܲĵĴ˸ǷҪǣҲӦȥе޹أϴϴ˯ɡ
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ҲţӲûСˮ֣ö֮£Դ˵ʵȥ˯
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˵꣬ܲҲˡ
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Թƺ֪һЦ뿪ˣȻȴ޿֣ѾѵҶ֮⣬ŮĻǱˣ߾ŵľʼûȥȵԶϵز𽥷ɣһչľһ򵥵̣ȴž޴ģڵƣ
ҿСˮҲЩ£ʱǸһֲõԤУƺСˮˡ
Ҷ˻ʼѧͿѧ֮ɵŮˣ֪ԼڱɪɪûСʱǻġ
ڶ죬жڴڵĻ·ȥŮˡ
ң۶־彻ӵɫʣ毺õķǳֻѩ׵ļϲӡŮһ£ؿڴͿգѾˡ


51 置
ڷֶŮʬ֮󣬿жӾ˿ֻ֮УҶһУò׵״̬˵˳Ͼжӵ궯
˵ģ
Թ
ǵʵЩҡ
жǱţȴƽһֵۣ˵Ǵ޵Ǹɵģͺ͵Ƕµһ
ϺѾǿжӵˣҿ˿ܲû˵ֻõȴ˵϶һ
ȻǵǲûֱӵϵһĸоܲĪĽȣһصӡ
صԺӵʱܲƺͨˣͻȻ̾һҪ˵
ҸһۣȻǰ಻סˡ
ͷһܲĬ˵ʵҴĿģҪѰҸ׵ʬףʮǰΪӣΪʬ
طʦ׻𣿡
Щϧʵ
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΢΢һû뵽ܲĹ£̸ֲؼôƫԸҲǼůԲγɵģҶܲ΢ЩĹۡ
˵ʮ޵ͼıؼҵȴҵҵı£һĸˣ̫ԶҲûз˼ãҪؼңҪһ£ⱱȦһأ̸ɫ䣬Ҹ׾ΪܹȻһˣʹؼٶȻصһһļС
ѧȦҲֻƬƺȦҲüͷ㸸飬ƾʲô԰쵽أ
ܲ̾һ۵ȻԶԶ㣬Ҹ֮ǰô֪ңű

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Ѿ漰ˣһ·ܲڴǣͷ˵ʵһֱǣ£ҲͲʹӱˣòݣǸӣ
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置ǴǸ޸֮ŮӣǧϸĴ漰置һ¡
ھʲôص飬ܲҲ֪Ե置Ȼ޷֪ϸģֻ֪漰ҪһȻ£һѧӡ
ᵽ置뵽ʲô
Ư置ӣҲǷֵ置赸̸֮ɫ置Ƴ棡
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ʱıǨӿ置ԽԽֻ࣬ˣˣ˵ȵȣ˶ˣܶϰ߶ıˣƵĴͳȴʼβپƣԽԽĹƳ汻оβ٣͸˵ʵֻǵһ֣Ǿ置Ķƣ
ձƷһڹǻɣһֻʣһ쳣׺̣Ƕˣ˵ԼѪιƣʹѪձɡ
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һжһӴˣ֪ܲӽʲôֻ֪ʦ̵ĵӡ
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ʶʵô˵ıʲôأ
ܲȻ


52 ʧĴί
Ϊʲô
벻ͨͨͨһˣʲô
ܲ˵ʮǰӵֻһˣĸףΪҲ㣬룬ԹޣΪʲôŹأ
Źҵģ½㣬ʼ½һԸ⣬ҵĸףӱƷ衣
ܲͷǾûˣɴ˿ɼСŮǲŹκˣм䣬Ҳ˵ʲôҲʮǰ֮뿪Ҳ²Ҹ˵ıһ㡣
صĵͷǳ
ֲһ·ܲһֱҪȴָСϱƵãΪ֪ԼνıΪ޷Ԥ֪Ҫ飬űֵĻ̻̲ա
ЦһܲӲǱﵽڹϲŸֲ࣬һʼɷ˵ȸι˶ҩҪѱԼﰡ֪ʹĿ뿪ˣǣ϶ܵġ
һǶСˮ˹İЩĺܲЩΣü˵ķʽΣ֮ǰʬ֮ѧǽ壬ʵѰҴڣǸطǵħ֮أҲǿжӵͼûеĴίᣡ
ˣɻ˲⿪룬˵ܲôôŽˣԭЩѧҲίᣬòԳ¿ԼҲҲʧĴίᣬѲǣʳָô棬˹ʵôίᵽ״ʲô
ܲҡͷ治֪ĵħҵĸڶһµģǿѹطǼȻѡڴίô϶ǵĵίᶨв֮ͬ
ʵĹί󱻴޳˱ݣҪעͽͣȫίᣬȫڱеʱԹȻ죬ίҲǸȥ
ܲͷԴӿ̤߲֮ƺĿ࿴ˣ˿ӣίΣգȴҪҵҲˣڴӱסˣ벻ģڰеڲֶԸǣŹˣжӰɣʵڲϵȥ֮԰Ƿй˼ɡ
˼ɣ
Щס
˼򣺡˵ϾҪԪڣ
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ʧе·𲻸ԼĶ䡣
ǸҲʣʴɶ򵥸ҽ£ľӳ˼䣬ֻصضŻַ֣֣һսľӣ֪ԼѾڼᶨִżʣ98ϱ߾˿վӿǹӽֵ߹һֵķзֻϢڶѲЩˣָǵظй٣Ҫ˼£͸ʵ۳ѲһȻ棬٣ִѾûˡ
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֮΢Щ˷ܣȻǵʱǰǣǰȥл겻Ϳ𣿡
һǶ׳һңΪһܼ򵥵飿ǿǾӣִʱܳȥ·˵ֱӾǹӣο⻹˹·˻رܣʱֻҪл˿ô˲ͻᱻ߻ǣ䣬ûκأ
ӣû뵽ôǣܲͷ˵ҪԪ֮ǰҵίᣬҺѾȫ嶼һ飬ȴҲûҵκζߣʵû취ˣԲǡ
˭Ҳû˼ڵͷ˼ϲãСˮ飬ֻСһ϶ĺǲһ£һӨĿˮ֪ʲôʵ˵еջģʱܲ˵ʵǵʱҲ̫˵ɣã֮ǰɻ󶼻Ȼˣֲϴô˳ľͳ˴ӣԭСŮ֦
ίᣬʧĴίᣬϸ˼⣬ץסʲôҿ˿뵽ܲ˵ı·һ绮ҵıϢȻࣺλǵǵһνʱ𣿡
ǲΪдһʣǵ˵ͷ
ҸоҾԽԽˣЩ˷ܣһ죬Ϲϵˣȫǵǿ˭
ܲɫһ¶˼֮ɫ
վ֣ţǵ쿴˭ʱҲ֪ǶԹֻǾ棬һӰϸ룬Ӱ©ţȴһ˵ʲôСŮΨһ©ֻҪҵҲǾܵõ𰸣
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Ҳ˵Ѿ֮Ĺˣ
˶ЩͳȴǾòԾûûûû飬ǰһսȭͷ˵ûʧڹ


53 
⻰ʲô˼
ܲüͷҡ
Ҳûֱӻش⣬ѯʵȷǸ𣿡
ԥŵ˵ͷ벻ˡ
ãĻָſյĴӣȷһ㣬һӳȥĻĸףʮ꣬ȥҸͼл꣬ȴûа취ҵݵʱķӦĸѾص˴˵ʲôСŮѹûдŹκˣ٣Ҫġ
ܲƺЩˣ˼ǣҪȥĸף
һ
ҽ˼תĿ꣬ʼѰĸסʵҲûף֪ԼƲĶԲԣΨһ뵽ķˣչµķչĸڴӵģĸ׶뿪ֱļңſڣײһˣ
ʮͣƴֲڣǵ͵ĴũǳƺҲΪӵ״ǣҪǣ죬ڿ֮һۿʪˡ
һҵƲǶԵġ
©ʵֻ·뿪ҲΪһ죬ٸӣˣôĻǾͻһ©ûдˣÿһ񣬶СŮŵľ籾չ־壬Ȼ󲻶ظ
ȻÿҲ뵽һ㣬ǱˣˣôĹ¾ˣͻȻ֮䣬ĵλҪʮ
ȥһ蹵ͨ
ܲһѡ
ӵǰ˼ĺСֹסӿÿһҪ¼ᣬſǻڣ裡
ȴûκηӦ
ĸȻǳæԼ顣
ѵҵƲˣ
ҲãȻĻͷңһ޴ܲȴļ򣺡ǶԵģֻ
ȡһߣߵȡһö׭۳ɺСһ飬ѹ£⧲֮£ܲһĵĺԣܵԴǰ㣬ˮ˲ʪ˷׭һɻɰĿɬǺԣԽԽ󣬾͸Ƶãѹֹס𽥣ʼˣĺյĺܽۿɼģɫ𽥷෢ףʼûˡζ
ʲô
ҸҪֹסܲûкַֻʽƳĻǣҪĻĻ˺ºֻҪȼ뽪ůһůӾˡ
ŵע£ԵĴ˵ĸоһû³ò³ˣȴ쳣ļѣһ磬ȥվȴһõãȻǡ

ܲ紺װͺȡ
ã˲䷴ӦЩӦͷ˿Լ壬ǰȥֵ鷢ˣǰ滹һ㷴ӦҲûеĸ˲վ߻ȫ˵ϣҲ΢΢ȴδ뵽ĸ̤ǰҿ˦ϡ
ΪɶҪòߣΪɶӻҸְˣ
ҲûԼ򣬽ʵ˵ɶӣֻһߣûһ𣿡
ĸޣǶֻܻһǵȻ뿪ΪɶҪ
һǵɫ÷ǳأ¾Ȼĸıˣ
ʵǺĸһ뿪ģĸ󣬻ǻعӣȴǱ˹еһˣֻǵһߣҿܲɫ࣬ı仯ҲûԤϵġ
ӻѣҲûϻżɽʴίģĸ֣զίᶼҲˣڴм˵ԼˣĸȥһͿʼǰˡ
ұġʬ塱Щĸǣ˵ĸڻûбЩµĴ񡣡
ЦΪǸոջصӣһ»ûнͷǵȵĸҲԹģʱƣվһĸЩһ
ǰĸԼھԺǸӣе࣬ʲôʱ򣬲ܰѴӵأ
ĸ·ͻȻֹͣˣǲǴίָ˶ޱݣҲҪȥ
ĸָǶˣʲôίᰡǰһϻԼ˺ϱô֣׳ҲƵ·ƤҲ쳣͡
Ȼʣĸȴһҧίǰ棬ܲ˿ʱ䣬ˣͨ˵ʱ䲻̫ãѲĺ⿪Ĵ˸ָǱĻǾʧˣҸоԼŵ¶ȣܲȡͷѹŵķ׭۾ֻһĺ䣬Ŷ£Ǻ֢ˡ
Żת˼ȦģŴ׳ɣһôܳôƽﲻ֪սϸ۲죬һѪζڸǲס
ӿڴȡֽͼһƤûɹ˵Ⱦˣզüһ
ܲأҲѰųҿۿѪ죬һƬ죬Ѫİ
һﾪˣѪ໱ѲɴЩ󣬱ɵѪ

ܲľڵҵίᣡ
ǵ϶У飬ֱ˿жӣѴ˵˵Ⱥ˲ǿڣѾȲҪˣ飬оĶ
ȺæµƽʱҲûٸ£о飬ڿΧĵƤȻʼضɵĽţȻڵһϵʱȴǾķ֣մȾ޵Ѫ
˶ˣϽȴ˫Ŀ⣺ڣ


54 
ѪѾ˺ܶ˵󣬿жҷ˿־壬ڵĸˡ
Ƿֳһ۵ʱϻһȡҪ֮ǰڳֻвɣ˻ȥչСˮĴǶȴ
ڵԽԽ࣬Χһӣж˽ȥţЩ̸ڵͬ۴ϸž͸˼͵ĸоҲ֪Ⱥжôģ׼ķǳ֣Ӳǿһ̨꣬ѧû¾ͰأȻ˼ˣϳصʱһɹѪӿţѪ쳣ճһ㣬޷԰ΣûסžͱסˣҪʱȴʹϽ
죡
жҳһ࣬Ǹñʼ¼һеżģһðźһǺһ
Ҳȥæ߰˸ˣֻקˣʣµ˱ӿѪ𽥳ȥǵָտʼ棬Ȼһĳûֻ⡰Ѫء湾๾ðݡ
ӹһٵ˵Ϳ˳ĺӣҲ޷ܵģпжӵ˶ˣڴʱµı仯û˼֮ӿѪʼһļ٣һӣѪؾȫɺˣ׳ȫøɿݣдеϻҲͻȻû
ҪģǼѪ̵ˣôӲʧǵǰ
Ůĵ˹ȥ
ģַθĸоϽڣˣû뵽˿ȭͷòϵ˵ڣڣ
жǻһԼǲˡ
Ͻȴܲˣ£˿ȥֻһ£ԭӲͶϳ룬۾ԽԽҲԽԽ죬ȵͷ󺹵ʱ򣬻еˣϽһƣ˺ϱϸĻ֨ѽ֨ѽصĵ˵ϡ
µ˲䣬ɵо΢΢һеˣоһŨѪζ𣬾ǹŴսһ㣬ζǳأŨŨĶڴΧɷֻȴǸֳһƵѪ˿Ѫ
һеϽ촽ס˵棬桭
쿴
֪˭ָָǰ棬ϻµָķ򣬾ȻһֹŤУʲôӲļһ㣬˿һź˳ˡ
˵ǴίᣬҿίĹˣ
ܲһ˳ȥȻǣ̶ǿжӣΣΣˣʱ˭еĺ棬һ嵽˵£ȻǴίᣬЩǣڿשҪίὨһʵıݡ
һֹĸװɡ
߽˴ίᣬҲ֪ǲǴͻȻһֱϵĸоתЩǺ޽ĴǣǷеĻǡ
ôˣϽڲףЩǲʮǰµӰΪʲôӰȻҲ
ѧѧٴԺһܡ
ҺǵʲôԹλԹѪ
ʾСģóҲܽţಽǰߣΨܲߵĺǼȣֱӳ嵽˵ŵĵħ
鱮ĸ
ܲħ΢΢ۿҲʪ࣬ǿˣħıԵѾѷ죬һȻָ׸ǴСһƬſˮ꣬ħҪˡ
ǶһۣԷľ壬ħˣǺǲ롣
ܲûдݵĿ˿ħ֮ʼĴѰȲҪʲôɻĿѵ˵ʲôܲҪ
ħܣ˴ί棬ҵһЩƾɵı˰Ƶ淭ңֻԽԽż۶ǲ⣺ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲô
ΪʲôܲЩץĶԼеİ
˵ʵǰܲҲûҾ£ץ״̬ȴЩ
Űοοܲȴǽһƿ˵
ҷҲѻ𣺡в
ܲƺҵ˷йĶһץסҵ죬ܴ󣬾Ӳİţһ·ѾܹˣҴǽ壬һΪľұҵĵ飬ڣʲôûˣûˣ
飿
ӿʣ֪ʲôƿܲһַֻңһֱǶͲΪ˶ԸСŮҲǵĸףֻҶҵҪ뿪𣡣
ЩѧǣɳҶģֻ޷ίᣬž壬Ļʵ٣ǶЭʵǺͿжӣԼĿģǲǣ
ŭڣܲ
ҲˣνĵûҵѾܲЦҲ룬˭ؼҴˣԶ֮ط֮ӣʲôʸΪ飿ƾéɽĶʿ
ָָңмֻеСͨˣ
ģҳŭˣɱˣܲ϶ѾɱһΡ
ȻѾ¶ţܲ԰ѻ˵ףҲûȫƭǣҵȷΪؼңؼҴˣҶѧ츳ӹɵģΪʲôֱһһ޳ɣܼ򵥣ʮǰҸԼ˲˵мؼ߳ɵĵҲɸΪ֮ҪȡⱾҵĵ飡
ֲܲмɵͬΪ֮ˣ֪ؼҵѰʿж±˵ϣһ·ٹأûаܲǻ飬Ϊ飬Ҳʱƴյģ˽ļһûа㽻飬СˮûͬеԵ֣Щ²֪ˣܹͻܲʱЪ˹һɱ˱ѵĸо
Ƕŵʱ򣬿жǱȴֳ˶Ͻڲ֪ﱧһССãӨ͸Ѫ⣬ΪãϽ۾ˤڵ϶ˣжӴӵܡ
ȻڴʱЩֻǾǵĴǣȴȫ˱仯ǶϽڱŵãǶԼػ䱦ԹĹâУϵ·ҲһıѪ¡


55 Σ
ϴμĴֵܣôԶԸȫĴ񶼱ѪԹǻл·
Ŀжӣǵʲô
Һ޵׷ܣҪֹһУȻж˵ǿȣǷԼ׷ıأ£Ҫȥ壬ϵɫ𽥱仯һٶ໧ٽУѹѹһƬȫЦһεĿֲǡ
£Ȼǿ϶߲ȥģ
ŭһͼϽڻĹͷӡ
Ȼȴǽıס½ùסϢ˵ԣԡ
ǻھʱǱߵܲȻ䶯ˣһͣץʮаſһȻ׭ȴûأǷ·һεƵãƯڿУԽԽߣܲץһֽǮ˱ؼҵˣԶ֮ط֮ӣλø·и㡣
˵ֽ꣬ܲǮ˳ȥֻǼĹ򣬾ͱֽҡ
ڸ˵ܲܣͼؼҵͷǣȻԼ뿪Żʱ̣Ȼһ˿ŭ֮࣬ɻ󣺡ؼҵͷôʹ˵ҲУ
ͷЩѧɺʹ壬꣬£󱸺ˣ˾ҲŴǳ˵µĺôؼҲǴ壬аץϹ֪ؼֱ֮档
ʶĿЩȻЦѾϵѪɢŻζмɴජܲһ̴Ӧǹĸ壬İȥնģ·һ۾ܾ˵Ļꡣ
ǲӰ
ҵ˵զ£
ЦܲҲɵط˭֪ʲôؼżҵģǰһ֪ĴҲṳ̂һʲôʶңҸоǲͨĵƣ˲ŵԹ֮£ǸûаԼԣҰޣֻƾű¡
Ȼڻʱ򣬸Ѿ̧ץܲĺ߲԰׵ˣڿеаɫĹâڸϣȴѪ½ֻ΢䵭һ˿Ǽ˸ӿֲԡ
ֻܲҲһˣû·ҧҧϹâţʮϰķͬʱκа޷ܲڲһקһѳӦʱ͹ȥģͨΪ񣬴ķǳ£ӨĹʹ˶ٸƽͣܲճ̤˲һȻ̤Ų
һǵã̤߲ѾӵзǳǿƣӲǰѴֵסˣܲؼҴˣʹûˣձ󣬾Ų̤֮ܲѾû˿ѪɫĸǼɵ˼
ܲһЯŲſڳȥ
ԭҪܣ
ˣʱжȴѾˣѪõǴصչ˵Ķ󣬴ֵܾУ۾ҪԺţͱֵһһ٣תͷааһЦϽǼųȥÿվ
ȻȴЦţ֮ǰǸߺҪȥǣȴһѰסȵжǾ쵽ԾʱѾͳ࣬ѪѪģ΢΢

ҪܳȥĿжӣһϽ۷˻
Ӳ˽ȥֵţ˳ץжӵŮˣ¾˺·
ҶȻҲڿжһĻ뵽֮ǰŮƽʱȴţƤƵãҺ棬קסǵ·ڲӰҶŶˡ
ô죿
ҿָܲˣΨһ
ʵҸܲӳ񣬶ֻһСʿܶܲĶһ·ϣҲûбֳرտǴҲûжرϣоֻǸеСµͨʿѡ
Ȼڴ˿̣ȴǱֳһЩʣƽûεࡣ
γľɫĽҡţһǿҶŮ۾ɵĿֻȴקסҵ½ǡ
ֱϸоҪˣһ˵ڴʵҪ
ûлشҧָ⣬Ȼָ˳ŽһĨʼ̤˲
㱣ǣ
˵֮̤˵һ
֪ڻشˣұǣ˭Ұ
ɲɵģ⻰жǶˣһ۰Ͱ͵ĶңǽʣļŮģȫѧҶץҵ·¿ɺãҲûа취ˣɨһִۣίвٿŵķ䣬ָһ˵ȫȥ
ôȰôĿжӣضˣһ̵ͷȻУм˱ͻ֮£ÿƾ޴ץסԱ˵ĲӾͿʼ
ץ·ļŮ˶УҶĤҪˣܲˣȥȻ·ϣҸоһִֻסҵļ򣬻ͷһһѪ۾УһҶƵðĿҵŮģ군ˣȫץ˹ȥۿžҪˡ
飡
ڴʱҵɵˣҿѳɼε壬ĶڵѪǺü򰡣֮ǰ˵Ļ˵ˣͷǿаֵģö壬Ϊҵһѣ
һͷһԹңղ븽ȴ˻ȥ
ˣҸӺ£ץʣһľذףϽ˷䣬жҲм˻߽Ӽʮ˵Ķ飬߽ĲˣںϽڣͷǺ·ӵſڣۿžҪֻȴסˣϽ۾Ѱ䣬ĺ
ȥһȥо
Ҷţͷ
ҹţӶȡһöլϡ
һˣĻڵϣŴӿ˶ھȻŽ̤
ô£
۾գҲգеľѾѪȾˣԭָһֱڵѪԼȴǼѵ̤Ų̤µ˲䣬ŰѪԹȫͷ·Ӧʲô


56 
ܲץס϶ͼҪߣ֮Ѹٵĳ嵽ſڣȻȴֱ˻ֵһֱſڣЦš
׳գ
ô뵽ܲɵ̶ֳȣʱ˲ƴȻҪӣҲӶ˼ҵĵ̣ӵ
ֻڼᶨ̤ŲĲ£ɫ˲ǵͨ죡
Ҫʩչʲôǰ֮ǰҽģԽĵ̤Խѣôã̤Ĳɴ˿ɼӦǶѹ׵ֶΡ
ֻǶѧһϲͨңܿҪʲôҰĿܲϣԹȣмðźӡԲ׵ĳ˲ӡʧˣܲ۶أһ˿ȷǡ
ܲķӦΪҪΪۣǳȥܶӾﲻôݵӢ۷ųУȴΪĸȻȥҷǳĻᷢ飬ò˵Σʱ̣ĵܲγĶԱȣ˲Һľ룬Ҿǿεġ
ͬ˽ĴҲܲһΪѵˡ
ûʲôܿˡ
岽̧һѪҲʼ΢΢Σָо;ƿݣһеͣ£
ܲȴѸٵҵǰ棬ŭң죬ʱͣ˵Լ
ҰһǻŭȫйܲϣǰСͣؼңޣôͷֱ
ܲ˵Ǻȴ޷粵ֻһתӣڴʱ̤˵岽·һɽ岽̤µʱʯ嶼ѿһ졣
ͬʱ˵֮УˣЩİԭǸҪǮǳһʣݡ
ĶҲ֪ǵĸΣҵĽǶƺҲŵСģм˿жӵҪȥһȥæ
ܲ¶ԥ֮ɫҵһ䣬˺լų˳ȥҿڴͷ߰װһѷ׭ҲܾɶЧˣֱӾ˹ȥЧʱ䣬Ļ̤̌
ԹҪֹһͷŭܲԼû¶ԸԹǾæʧˣҲɣ
⻰˵ܲɫһһףڸ߰˵һִûпĶʿȻڹؼʱ̱˿ֲЩ޲ߣܲԼⲻܹңΪûм̳ؼҵĵ飬Ǳ飬ҾӢۣ֮ǰһ֮ͨҲæˣĲֱ̤࣬ͬҧʳָ̧ܲл˷׭Ҷɵˣƾջ
ǰ˵ƾջˣ϶ǵСгɾ͵ˣû뵽ܲȻҲõʱĶǾ죬ȴδ뵽ʵܲҲûôôؼҵȱʧ˽µĵ֮⣬ܲʱ䶼ĥĥص㣬׻˵Ӳ羫Ļʱ򣬱ӾͲȻܹƾջ
ͿܲѪΪý飬ָΪʣվͻһѪɫ׭һ߻һԼּֿ֣ɣ׭ϵѪɫ𽥵ıڸǣ˽ɫĴ֮Ҿڱվţܸоһӷ׭ɢ
ָܲһȵ𣡡
׭·ͬһ߰㵯˳ȥЩҪԹͻܵĵˣܲûٿط׭𻨣鲼ܣס
ⱦʱ䣬̤˵
Ŀ⣬ȻгŲɣϵǹ˵Ҳˣ֮䣬ƺվǵĲһˡ
̤һĴȴǺܴ󣬱ǿףﶼһѪ
ܲŵé֮éɽʲôˣ
ʲôé֮Ҳֻ֪̤֮·һˣ嶸Ȼ߲ڰ˲ھŲÿһ̤ʵɣƺ֮ǰ̤һǳѵѾˡ
ʮʮһһֱ̤ʮʱܲ۾ѾǸˣһ˿غļʡ
ϣ
һȴдȴǸߣܻ񣬴ŵڴڵ˲䣬ʮ߲˳̤
ľƶȻת䣬ǿ˿Ļƺȷʲôƺ߶ţⲻҪɵͽܣȻط
ͽܣ
Щ£⵽˭
ܲңǿѹļʣ˵éɽҲ֮ΪéλʦééԼéλʦһééɣéʦé꣬ʩչé֮λӦʦ
ܲϰԵӵĶ˲ƺԼ壬Щε˵λСѵЩʶʦӺˣ
СѣܲɫЩ̣ȻԶ֮ط֮ӣؼܲ
ɫȻܲ˹֣ԭؼҺˡ
ܲˬˣжݵ˳֣ǿҪװƵġ
ҿİ̽ԵʵǸϲģεʦ
˵꣬ͳ˹ͻȻ̧Դһ£۵ᶼˣ˵ûأ
޹ôģʲô£
ȷˣ˾Ǵʦû뵽Ȼô棬ʦֱ˼顣
ûĿ˿ٶ䣬һֵֻɵİľ˵ڰλϵһβף¶ɣ


57 װǻ
˵仰󣬴Ժ滺߽һССӰŵǸһȦùȥֽˡ
Ҳ˵ֻĵÿ͵ϻĸֳһݡ
ҿŵĵϴֻһССĻǣȷʵѾһ棬ǺɫѪɫֻǶһۣһȥĸоʦһ£
Щãۣȥʱ򣬷Ǻεȵ죬侹ܹ˻Ҳ
սľһԿʼ̤ֽ˾ĿҲûκηӦЩҲһ
ҶˣһȦͳֽ˸ֽôˣҪ֪ˣⶫ
һʱ֮䣬ԣܲЩŵ˵СŮı֮ǰֽˣֻĻʦ޷סǾҪΣˡ
ԣҲĿʼð
̤ŲƺҪ֤Լһ㣬Ĳ̤ļÿһβνӵˮϵܲҲ¶Щ̾߰ļһﾪ̾飬ǿ϶һ㡣
ʮʮ̤ʮʱұϵܲѾˣʮĶͷ߳ϸܺˮʮ촽΢΢˵ʲôȴ˵Ȼ̤һ˲
С֮֮ʱеľѾ˽ɫ񱩵ʹýЩܲסƺҪѿȻʮ㣬ÿ
ܲѾȫմ̤һ˲޷飬ѵνʦ𣬾Ǻطһεģı׻壬˵ܣܣԲܡ
ҲˣҲ֪ʲôǻã֪ˣ̤Խ࣬ʹԽܲţɣؼҵĴˣҲֻ̤˾ŲȻ̤һ˲ԹߣҲĳ嶯
ֽСŮڶݣתӻ߿ЩҲɢˣ֪Ϊʲô֮ǰҸоƺƳһۣ֮⣬һ˵ǡӣ
ҲףѲҵĸоִˣ
ίһʱ֮ƽҲ죬ȥҲ죬ҼԼ۾ɢˣ
ٿʱֻøɽֹݣϵʵ̫˵еһҲ˰ɣ
ֽ֪֮©һ㣬˲ȥһţλãˣˣģ
ˣʵλǰôȻ£
䣬Դְһ£ϼһֿݣڵϣȴܲ˵û´ĻǰӦװǻưɡ
ͷ˵ؼҺ£Ǽĸˣ˭̤С켶Ĳأұ嵽ҲõοǱé֮ĲѾõĽˡ
ܲһɫÿ࣬ղŵС첽ţ˾ͻé֮˾̤С첽ʲô
ڴʱڵϵͻȻϵСӡ
ҳԾĿȴûз촽
ʦ˵Ҫ࿴ô㽻ؼҵСģֻҪҪش𣬼ס˵ÿһ仰
ʶĵ˵ͷ
˵ؼҵСӲɿԲ˵ĻѾ֪ˣ㲻֣ҺͳǿԽġҪѸ뿪˵أһ׼ҹԪڣʱǸʱ̣СŮȻ¶棬ӳӵĺûᣬҪǧСģҪ˽ȥȻװԩ
̲סҪѯʣ˵һܣƺ֪룬˵л˵ұ죬˵ѵҲܶԸСŮ𣿡
̾Ϣûͣ񻹺ãħѹţ޷뿪˵أȻ꣬ħҪѿ֮һŮȻǾ޴ѣ¼ܹ赲ȫѾ֪֮ǰôϵҵʱҾ֪鲻ãҴ˿ңԶĵط޷ˣˣʵҲ𲻵á֮Եڻδɱˣʵǹ˼סһҪڽҹӳȥﲻܹģ
ӳȥ
˵ףȲ˵ôӣ˵ӳȥأ뵽ǳԣΪҵΪʲôһĪĹ˲⣬ֻңСˮҲҪȥ
⣬ʦĬã̾˵ⶼЩ飬ûд𰸣ҲԵˣܽˡ
⻰˵˵û˵˵˾ǧҪסҵĻ㲻ٿˣȥɫ˲԰ףڵϣҸоסû°ɣ
ҡҡͷЦĺܴ󡣡
԰׵ЩֻһˣĸоҺܣұôֱܲӾ˳ȥжҴļҲˣһصʬ壬ÿ˵ﶼ˿־塣
ǻص֮ǰլӣСˮڵȴǹ˿ҽ˵˵ɫҲѿ˼㣬ǶһĪչƤСˮҲû˻ЦɵÿӴķ档
жʣµļ˴ҲԸ뿪ǣĺǼһ䣬ҶϽڸĶ͵ǽǣ﷢һϵ飬Ĵʵ̫ˡ
ڵڣӵļƻȴûؼǲ֪ôӣܳȥ϶ͳȥˣҪһͻƿڡ
ܲˣһżϣԼ顣
ɫ𽥰ҹǿðݣЩӣҲҡڵĵˣûӰƺǣҲԤеΣա
ڣˣжӵ˿סѹ˯ţҶʵģξѣԲ˯ˣͷ˳ȥΪϲ˭Ҳûܡ
˻ˣܵݲ֪˵ʲôǵСˮĵЦţ˻ͱСˮ˳
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58 ľͷ
Сˮ¶аֲĸоСˮʼܣҴĺҲ֪ûԼֱӳŶ׷ȥ
֮Ҫôܶ࣬Ҷͱ׷ˣǱ֮ȴǽɣܵͷǺȴҲֻǿѡ
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СˮҲ֪˺£Ŀ޺ţƭ壬壬ְ֣ңҪؼң
ÿһֶͬƵãܡ
ҲףΪʲôСˮôķûзӦΪʲôԺܲ󷨣ȴûκôö׾ٵĸҶɵҵԺһһ֣ȴûʱ˼ֻܾ׷϶
һ̾ܽ˴ίᣬվſڣܵ﷢ëɲǸƵذ
СˮԽԽԶֲòѡҧҧƴˣ׷˽ȥ˵Ҳ֣ô⣬ϾȻһҲûˣҿſյĴίᣬԼǲ˵ط
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ǰȥҹĴίԵøɭŲʯϣͳÿһӳҵԽԽϸ΢ĿһſԽԽǿҵĵط׷˹ȥڣҵСˮ
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ȻĲ̣лСˮҪҵȻסڴľذף׳ŵʵ㵽ʲô
ҹҶСˮΪľҵط
ңҶҲǸĹˣѾڶԹһԱһҶ֤һ㣬ȻһεȴЩͬ˵ʲôоǵЦݣûҾÿ־壬Щů
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ȻһӤޣ׹صʱһϣȻһޣȴ˲ĸӿҷǳܣѭķ߹ȥһޱȵŮˣ
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һѪüӣѪˮݹʵѪζԼġðɣúݣԼĺӣЦЦᶼԽԽᶼѾѪһֻ֣ȴõĲϣܵλãһССĹͷճĺǶֻҪŤһ£һ£ͷͶϳء
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úʲôò㣬ĸ̳ĳԹȫĽˣ֪ԼԭʲôЩǣҧгݣǾ߸ɿݵüӣͻȻǳúܻΣ֪ӿԹޣ׵ŤУҪҲܻΣôǵѪȱʧѪ⡭
һУЦЦͷԼĸףˣӦץĸ׵ĽţһȥСϿʼĨЩ˰ȫĨƽһֱȵָգͣ֡
ĿһĻû˼ٶȱ仯ǰѸǵϣҪƽϢµķŭȴ֪¾ڱϿţźˣȴûбԹѾȫӤˣĸģģĲԹǲƷӦԼ
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ԼȫһԼӲնȥ¾ˣܹ뵽Լһ͵ĺӣȻַ˼飿
ھȻĹڵϡ
ɭЦУǱնϵԽԽߣССĴ䣬ֱһ죬гһӲֽɵķݣײˣݿʼѪݵ˴ص˼ңˣ⣬˵ˣһȥ
ֱһ죬żȻյ˷ݣʧʱôӭıؽǡ



59 ı
һʧٴλصǸɭĵطеľذףҶؿڣңȻǵЦݣ֪𣿡
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ҳ׵ˣ˵ղҿ棬ôȦҪߵСŮ˭Ǹңһֱͯҥֽ˭ݵģѵСŮ𣿲ԣӦòħȥ
ƺ֪룬оҲЩŤ˵ܸıһˣҾʹͬҲԣΪֲԼĹԼĺӣҳȴץסСˮǲвҲ֪˵죬ҶˣҾѾˣͬһˡ
СˮϵѪۻѪвɢƣҿ۵Ĳˣ¿ˣͻȻܿģҲϲС𣿡
ʲô֪ˣﶼǿյģСˮʹ࣬ҾܣץԼͷʲôҪҵҸ
¶ңֻѯʣҲϲС𣿡
ҿҪˣľذǰһֱͣࡣ
Ǹ˲䣬ľذۿɼĸ࣬ǱʴˣðỤ̋һؽصڻµϣҲֳʹ֮ɫؿڣڵϣؿڻһյģûࡣ
СˮܽҵĻޣϵѪ΢΢ţȻңϲС𣿡
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·̵̷絶ʣڵϣھεʹԼ
ǰ˻ȥСˮŸգϵ˿ڵС£յ¶ȴܸߣж׼ǿЧðҩһ°СʱзӦˣСˮȴû˿ӦȻ˵źסιҩĿжӣ˵һεĽѣˣ
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Щɥڵϣָ㲻˵ҵСˮ𣿸㣬ȥҲܹˣȺӰɡ

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˭û⣬Ҳ۱ˣСˮ˵һεĽѣôСĺ˵޷ܵģֻ֢״ȴǹؼĹؼʵڽѵıСˮǹעٹҪٹ⣬СˮֻǸӣʲôأ
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ĿСˮʹȥ
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Ҹой죬СİʯƤקͿһƵ˳ҿ˿棬в˼顣
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⣬Ѿҳһ࣬ѵǡң


60 

ܶ벻ͨģƺðͷ֮Ϊ֮ǰɱңȴʼûΪεҵŮҪҵʵͯҥͻȻΪʲô·˵ָӡ
Сˮһ㣬ƺҲӲ
ֻǣҲףΪʲôƫƫңֹһֻǸͨˣƽûκصֻ֣һѪݣȴҳ׵ĸı䣬ֻǲһͨ˲ɳ֮
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꣬ԽԽˣ̵ģ˱˵ζ
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ҶңΪʲôЩãҡҡͷ˵Լ޴ȥҲͬɣҵ˵ͷ·ǿϻʱҰһƤ䣬Ҷ档
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ȻʱˣǽڣҲҳȺʿ׺ޱȣζɢˣϵļУҵ˵ģɶզǽžأ
˵׼ɶɶˣԽԶ˵Խʱսһ뺷ĲС
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ȴһƣȵȣҺа취ˡ


61 ƻ
ɲǺǵģղùļһɣԶ˵İ취ֵĺأȷԣ
ҵҲò׼Ƕʱˣﻹ˼أҲû˵Ĳĵģ˵ƴһѡ
ͷ˼ؼʱҲǸоϵˣһҧ˵˾á
һźߵˣչСˮĴֻĶֻó
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мĳһۣȻɶҲû˵˼ѾˣʲôؼҺˣʲôҲûСܲɫ˲ǵͨ죬óƫƫ޴ӷйָоּ
ȻտЩҵֻգصǱȥЩ쿪ȷû˳ԹҾúгɹĿԡ
ͷÿ˶ֵĺܼǿΪ֪ǿĺǵԴֻɢ˳ȥ
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һǰһңһоȻĳɹˣЩǹŴģûɶʶҪִһʶզ죿
ʵҲֲǶ߿Ƽʲôģ˵µʱ򣬶᱾ܵȥһЩ飬ɢԼĿ־壬Ҳһ
ΪǷǳֻľܳܲŴֻǵڶͬķʽȥжӵŮˣʱʵǽŵĲУֳ˶һգ۵Ĺͱ˻ǣƨɺֶ˸ŵĵù
ȴ֮⣬ǹˣһڳӣصصʱץһаڷصм䣬ЩԹִ̼ܵ¶һ˿΢ɾԹ˵ȴԵ˹ͷ֮һ˺ɫĴǹֱӾʹ˷Ĺ֮С
һǹǻ꣬ʵ壬һͷƤĲҽǹŸѪԹ
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ֻʣ̿ˮľˣĻӾͻУҶν˾˼ľ⡣
ܲҲ۾棬ܶˣһҲ˾˵ģϾ˭ȥأͱһǺεΣգһ۾ҪȥЩԹôã˵伮صûǻᱻʮ˲㣬̶ȣӦĵ
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62 ֽ
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СŮҼеģԳƵϿɰСûһ˿顣
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63 
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ͼȣȻȴûлӦҲѱ˰ɡ
ȻڴʱһƬЦȴͻȻֹͣˣŨл߹һӰץסҵ±һ߿ҵĽźʹʱ򣬷˵ͷ­һһĳ߹ľڵѪ
֪ΪʲôͻȻĳ嶯


64 
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65 ²
ȥ·ϣ˼ɢֽˣּܲ¾ͰǴķ飬һһ㶵ģ˵ֽʵûôµģֽ˶ѣ˵˾ǿܣҪǵӴ㣬ҲܶԸֽˡ
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ģһڸڲߣڵΪˮǷǸµŮڱлŸľͰͰȫˮһһĵݸǣǱƣˮ˲ķɢɾˣµ㣬żܺϸָ⡰£һһںȸˮظ˵۶үǣصģˣ
±ƵãϾֿʼ
Ҳ״ĴǶڸƽµظɻҲûôڿ찡ǸµŮˣǽͷŵңЦͷһ̵ˡ
ڵĹݱĽˣס˽ȥʱʱͣЩģŵĶǶҪ֦ͷ˳˲Уÿ춼߶ŸŮ˲ǺˣôƯĺ꾫һҰȥˣ䣬Ų˵׷һ֡
ҺܺŮˣһħǽͷ͵ʵͦϲģҸоһ䶡㻨ǽǣҲʲôǶʢţɶţ·ͣѧĳ
¿Ҳϰҵ͵ɣʱ򶼲ңżЦһЦˣѩһᵽζǴµļﴫģǽͷһ̿ˮʲô
ˮ·ң֣Сӣ÷Ⱑ
СӣʵͦϲĳƺģֻдЩСƨŻᱻ֮ΪСӣ÷ķϣҲͲƽˣԥ¾ʹǽͷȥµպܺãҲ֪ǴѧģƬ÷ȻƳһѩ׵ĸ㣬ŴŴģžʳ
Ҳ֪ɶǿҳҾͳ£һҲСͦĵģҳԵÿģҲЦĩ˻ҳ裬Ĺ磬ǳ÷ʱ򶼻ᳪͯҥ˵ţ
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µܺҲ֪ΪʲôŵʱȴЩ䣬ѵҴˣ˹ϵ·Щס
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Ϊ½վͬһӪˣҾôЩ˺ᣬڲ֪ôˣһ½񶼴ŹадһиϹ붯ֶţұֹģֲң½ͳˡ
ҰЩңûҲڣȻͶˣ·ϣҿСƨŸͰ͵ķݣһŭ˦ڵϣһ߲һƷݣ÷ݣǷɲߣҪʲôã
ҿȷݣסˣһĻƺˣһƿ߷ݾܻȥˣСƨ۴ޣʱǼҰСʱֱһ٣ҲڣѾ۵ƽķݣ¶ЦݣһʲôĶƵá
ڴ˵ұֹ֣ϲһ˷ָһЩĪ飬ֻǲ֪ںܺ£ҸоԼײаˣΪʲô˵أΪÿ˯ʱҶͬһΣںڰĿռʲôûУƺһյƣ΢΢ҡҷţʱңԶʱиİ˵һЩֵĻ
һҪѹܳԽȥ
ԵģԼѹƵķ
ʱ䲻ˣһҪ졭
ʱΣҶëȻҲ˵ˣտʼţ˵ҲˣҵԴ˵⺢Ӳвɣ
ίˣǸ˵˭ҸͲʶڼң㻹һȥҲŲƵأΪɵ𣿡
żʱ򣬵һ˾ͻȻ£ӱߣɽ·ϣĳִ·ԼʲôҪ飬ڴίᣬдȥţһȥֱܡ
ұóĬ½ﶼȥˣǸͿ˸ħ䣬Ҳ֪ôģͣĳͣ˵ÿζһȥֲʶ㣬һȥأ
һϣһ˵ʦм£Ҫȥһˣ㻹ҵͿɣҴҲҪŬһѼġ
Ժǰ˲ˣ˸ˣһ˵˵ʲôҲˣҾ䣬㡭ҪҲŲأαΪ˸˷ʱأ
ˣȫҶˣ
ҺͬʱһЩĪĻ֣̿ˣҸоԼʲôҪĶ
˶½ɧԽԽˣǰһʱ仹ԣ˵½ǻŮˣֻҪǮ棬ҲŲţҾ½ɾġ
ü²һεˣʹ˶ȥˣвûȥ춼ĻŻŵģƤֱ
ʱҿˣǸ壬磬ǣƵ½Ժţ
Ҫʲô
ҺȻһּµĸоܽ˵䣬·סȻǽ½һƿţҾͿ˾˵һĻ


71 Ĺ£꣩
½泱죬ƺЩ־塣
磬ſϣ˺·е¸صĸ壬ĬԵϹˣһĻҵС˵ʵǳ˳ܷΧ
ҲһϽһңֶ
ץҵͷ̧־͸ƣ֮ǰĲ˵ҶҶ±֣Ӵŭ
вңҪκˣ
ûзӦһǻңһǱܵĿܣСʱ־ҪսʿģҪϴ컨ȥξģΪһδӢۣôͷأ
Ҳ˵ǿʼңҸϽͷ˵Լ֪ˡ
ڵ˲䣬ĵͷԼʵث
һۣ˵СӼҶɶͷҲŮ˵ζˡ
⻰˵ã˶ʼЦǵЦϻģ޲Ҹطȥ
⸱ǵĵǶɢˣ˵Ļģеʱǲݣ΢ſһ㣬ͻֵҰ
½ţͷҵɢţһһˣңҡ
飬·Сڴܣ÷⣬½ҵĺãͬʱ˴Ͷи壬Ǵ峤ǼҴСЬô죿ܶĵǣѵľء
󾯸һ£ʵţҪǸҶһ£ӾŪ㡣
񶾵вһƫͷȥ½
ЩʱԽǲ뿴ԽǿƲסԼżȻ䣬ҵĿ½ˣ·һ£һ˫۾˱ˣŨĻʧ
˵۾Ǻģеʱһһӣ½񣬴һңҲ֪Ϊʲôһɷ·˺ܾõŭȼսȭͷһס֣
Ҫϴȫ£ҲûңʹôңֻԵһ䣺һȥ
٣
ұ˴ֿڣӳˣҲ˲ϺǣγĲ˵ȥһ
һӣˤڵϣɱĲҽУϽǵң޶ˣ
˵Ĳң
ŵҲˣѪ˷ҸоԼÿһϸȸԾˣģһֽѵĸоѹͷΰȥˣҲΣҿۿˣŲ˵ҳŸȥ
ˣǸ˳ȥȻǴƵãźݻһ˵ȥſϿһľͷŵɫһףϽˡ
ҲģйĳŲ˵׷һȺˣȫ嵽ܣҲҲǵСǾȻȫûзҶµǣ崭Ŵ˵޶֪ˣһʱ嶯ͷŹһذɡ
ֻЦ
½ˣһĻҰ˵һ飬ǴŮˣĴŮ˱ңһŸʴУָүǾͿʼĭӽݣԺĹ⡣
ҰҲҵԴһҶӣң
Ĵ峤ݱȥˣ˴żǣ÷Ҫ飬ڴܸһ㣬ĸһ֮°ţ˵ǶûɣĴһ˶Ҫöĸ׵Ļ˵һӣҪʱТӰˣ
˵󲻻ҹУ˼Ҫü֪Լķ⣬˵ıԣ˭ҲԸڼﶪˣȫˣȫĴƲˣõӦе³
Ҷ˵СӢۣ󹦳
Ļûиоϲãֻĵһڽ⿪ͬʱЩ飬˦ܵ½ķѾˣ֪ȥڳİϣż÷⣬ӦǹˣҿЩùȻڴڵĶȴ
ϵʱҼ½㣬ûз£Ȼһ˴ˮһ˷ǽͷϹңչһЦЦݣ
һΣεյƣֻǸˣƺ˵˼ûˣǾѾ˰ɣȻΣȴҪһԡ
ڰУҳյ˹ȥ
ʮʱҿ½㣬ŴѣЦţлл˽ҵĽᡣ
½˵仰˲䣬ͻȻӿһЩҵļ䣬ԴЩҡ
ʮҿһֻݣҴСƨģҼϸĦţŷϵ·ͬբĺˮһ֡

Ȼ֮䣬˵һ䣬ҴԸճǣڰĿռ䶼ʼˣһ龵ӣڲϵѣյĵƣٿ䵽ǰҾֻʮľ롣
ʱգÿһںңûзϣҵоĸжڿյƣһָĹС
Ҹո뿪˲䣬ʮɷȫͬѩһ㣬Ѹٵļ٣Щı˹켣Ĵ¶ãȻƺף׷ʲô
ڴίϻ£ͻأĳһСŮСˮһһţŴʧĴϵıԽԽϾһֱߴڣɽǰħЩҡҡͷ
ͬʱ΢΢ͣҲһ˿ã֪ǳʲô˼˴ڵϻ֦ϣߵЬӣСѾһһεģĿȴʼնĵ·
㣬
ҵ㡣


72 
Ҳ֪˶ãҲת۵ʱǿҵļӿʶľҪ徹ֹĲӦУͺһܶûʹá
ҵָһöǿƫԴԼһڰķλŴ͸һ˿⣬мڷһٸȼգм䣬ڷһյƣҾĪϤǣǸƣ
ڴʱͻȻ俪һ죬֨ѽһձͷŹǷ˽Ҷ£۾̶˼˵ˣ
΢΢ͷձͷǲţҵĶͷһҵ屻ͷȥұܵĲϽʵ˭
˵ͬʱҲŷԼЩɬ
ձͷ˼ûлشҵ⣬ֻ߶Ų˼飬˵ȵȡ
ȻҴҳȥˣ˻Ÿֻ溰ǸСӻˣģ滳ԼǲΣ
ֻݸңҲĽͨ洫ƺƣǿžҽ̸֪ˣǷǳЦкǸжԥ˵лл
ǱߵЦл㻹ǷʮأΪ˾㣬򣬻ӱʱ䣬ۣʮͷǵûңģûҪˣǮǴˮƯˣ
еĸжͱһ仰ƻĸɸɾҵ³һ֣
Ҷ˵绰ǻǹЦݣձͷ֪ҶˣҸ࣬ȥָ֮˵ձͷң˵У˯˾죬ľͷ㲻
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Ҵ㼸£ȻʵȻֻо
ձͷҵǳ˽⣬ңǲһģԹ磬԰￴һΣܶ˾εԼȻֻһһĵ˵ձͷЩңãֻǻ˯˾죬ٶһ죬Ǿˡ
Ҳʲô˼ձͷҲֻͣǸң»ǵԺҰɡ
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ҵѾ֪ˣ˵ͷҽĶ鰵ԼձͷǺˣôģ淢ʲô飬ԥ£Լڴľ˵һ飬ձͷ֮ȻȣȴҲûеľ˵ĳ̶ȣֻ°ͣ˵𡣡
һһʵô֪
Ҷû˵£ձͷ֪ģ
һЦϼһıûУıһʵ㣬ҸʦһֵģԺүү
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ҽһ飬ͷȴòԣĪһֱӵĸо
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ҵɫ˲԰ףԼ֣ĵ·ģ࣬ͷץһѸɿݵͷӶԺһˮףҶգˮĵӳԲ԰ףΪûоôУֻܿԼһ˫۾ûаһֻ۾
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73 ȱ
ȥ֮Ҳ֪ԼԭڴɽУǾ뱱һӣ֮ǰ˸Ժ䣬Ϊлֻ꣬ǺΪҪ飬ʱүү
ʹȥʲôˣүү˵Ǻ£һεĥĵõ˴αʦߣΪ˸ʵ
ȷһϲ飬ȴ˲֮þչԼ԰׵ֽͬǱģǡ˵
źɫɡڴϣƵƵ˻ͷңֻ⸱̫ˣܶ˿һ۾ʹæܿҿóǵǱܵĶܿµ
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ҹҪĵλǴ˴ξ˳¡
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ЩأһԺö˶˵ģôͰҶڳԱˣôҪҵ𣬵ȴ˵ԥ¶һ㣺ⲻǺ㣬Ǳ㣬ڵ㣬ʺϵ߶ⳬʺĵط㲻ңѵ𣿡
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˵ض곣⣬Ψסȴ꣬ǣڳ껹ڣضǣȫûˣ


74 
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һƷò˵ھô֮ҵѾõ˼ǿĶ飬ȻôˣΪҶԣһܺţ뵽Ǹ٣µ顣
ܰΪûӪҵԵʣû˵ڴϣ컨ŸӣСʱ򿴵ʽӻżз磬һһεģӺģֻյһ̨ĵķ˼Щ½Ĺ¡
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뵽СŮʵһֱиɵ㣬ʱڻȦǸСŮ˭
ܲǴСŮɣܹ߳ӣַˡ
ɻһֱҵʼδǡ
Ϊʵû¿Ҹɴоؼҵĵˣܲ͸ң˼ҿˣȻǺ޸Ĵ򿪣ʵ֮ǰҲ㣬ηúܿ졣
ǰ漸ҳؼҵļѵҴ³ۣͷĵĵ档
ò˵ܲһֱҪѰҵⱾȷǸ޵֮˷治ؼҵĵǰϰĵã
͵˸ҽʦָ㣬֪ܹ߶·ԽǷţȴԽǱţܹ޵ˣһԵʣЩ̵ɣһ𿴣ȱһɡ
޵ʣʵ˶еģȴЩ˵ͨˣôͨҲܸ޵𣿴ǿ϶ģҪںСʱɽ׶ξͿʼвſԣǸʱŴĥ壬ȵһ̶ȣʦʼڵֻͨ޵Ȼޣɾͣ޻ԵһӿҲֹڶǰС
ҽ궼ʮˣ˵Ǵˣͯӹˣ˵Ѿ͡ˣǾûп޵ġ
ҴĹǺھôΣ֮ǶôԼǿٲÿζ׸һûĸ˻ϲĸо
Уǵԣ
Ҳģ㳢һ£ϼŻЩҴ̤һ򵥵Ĳԡ
ⲢǻϰģֻܹҰĬһ̤˳ȥȻ̧ŵ˲䣬һǿҵѣӿǰһڣ̧ĽȴôҲ䲻ȥҧҧһز£鲽ҾˤڵϣͷʹҪѿҲֱ죬ʱĶ
㻺˰СʱҲЩµû뵽ǲȸѣȻͲҪҵѵ˾Ĳ޵һȵصĴžֻܿõܴ
ҺȻܲΪΰѵңиˣһǹ˼ѾʦУй˶ŻǺҪģڶ¾ΪǸͨˣ㿴飬Ҳ޷޵
ԴˣֻܿЦ
飬޵ĻѾˣҵǵûмȴԽԽ˾ԽòԽҪõ
תۼ䣬ҹĻˣʮʱĽ˵ţӪҵӡ
˺ܿˣ߰˸ˣŮһ
ǵ˲䣬Ҿ;Ծˣ⼸ˣÿһޱ飬ɫ࣬һ仰˵
ԴˣʵѾ׼ƽࡣ
Ҿþǣÿ˶һһѺɫɡ


75 
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һ˷ɢڻ֮߶ƺѡʲôȴܿóǶĲɣ˼ͲƷ档
վ˵㶫˵ʱҷִ˶ʵԤϣ̤볬еһ˲䣬ҾͿˣǸͲˣ
ʲôҲģΪģҲ֪£Ầҡ
ֻҪԼͿˣ룬׼ǮȴȻ֣ľȻڤңǵݸҵģҲڤң
ͻȻҶǸĻƤģ֮ƤˣҶȻҲʧҲ²ӦӣӦòҶǱȽϷĵġ
ԭΪӦҪĶʵϣҷֲмˣû˹ͬһȻֽ
Ȼһ֧ʡ
ʲôҪ
в²Уϲ¶һ˿ۼպǮغó룬ǴһҲûкҽ˼뿪ˡ
֮˶ɢôУǶУֽʣ͹ˣϰ֮ëëĸоʧˣ΢Цǡ
賿ɣиͷӽ׶ֱ̨ңͷϵһ̸Сӣ֪˭𣿡
ƶΣյ飬Ը˵ˣһЩʲôҪżеģֻҪǾͿˣҸɴвҸɴ϶費
Ҳװˣ˵㣬ңҲȥͶ̥һûɵ顣
ȥͶ̥
Һõ˸ҪѶϢѵЩҪȥͶ̥𣿿ΪʲôҪⳬһأͶ̥̲ǵȥ
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ˣǶ˼ĹͶ̥ĻᣬͺҶһҲûбΪĳЩִһֱȥͶ̥УӦĳתվɣǵģƺѾͷִڻԸȥͶ̥
ҴЩˣؼҵҲ˵֮˻ǷǳҪģΪй¶ɱ̫صȵأ֮ױؼʣǲµô˺ԼۺˡⳬУӦþƻµĵطԸͶ̥Ĺ»ҰȥͶ̥ǻ°
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˵꣬ͷˡ
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ڶ죬ҹغóУ˯һ̶绰
飬տʼ˵˽Ҳżһֺջ˵㲻һǮˣ
Ǳߵ˲ʮ磬Ǯ
Ұѹͷ¶˵һ飬ǱߴУ˵¶Լôû̽ҲɹʶĻشǣ˵֪֮ϵˣȻѾ¶ڣɴҲˣطܸҡ
ʦⳤ٣˵ЩЦһһ٣Ƕⳤٵȷбµģʮǰ˿еķӣʱ֮˻µķ
ⳤٵѰҹ»ҰǼһһȣͶ̥Ļᣬ˻ˣ˼˼䣬ôԸͶ̥أʵȻܶ˸տʼȷΪִԸȥͶ̥ʱˣͿʼˣ͸һ˭ҲɶҲܲɶ˼ּįûйܹܣȻҲǻãǳǣǹһⳤپץס̻һ浽ҹ»ҰųɵĶԸͶ̥ܸɴıһɲģǾֻܱˣǹͷǸ͡
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ò˵ˣҰЩϸڣЩȻΪֽȴҪдţҪ֪ǶִˣôˣˣѣǱˣΣȵдһţҲοɣר˶ڽЩżĳȥģֻǱյĵղǾͲ֪ˡ
ֱǸˢµ֪Ҹɾʮ㣬ȥѾϰƽʱ˯оؼҵ飬ǿ꣬ҲЩĹͶ̥ûޣһǵùԹ
ϣҴ˾˵ͻ
Ȼ賿ʱиŰñŻȥæҲû˵ллñѹúܵͣҾɻϸΣﶪ˵ϣ
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76 
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ϴμ棬ֻʮ죬ȴһȦҲûдѹñӣͷܳȥһѽקסڹ̨ϣЦܣܣ
˵ʵʵûôģ˿ڴôҿ϶֮ǣڳˣûΣˣҲûôʹˣⲢҾûԹڹؼʱĳٲ϶Ҫָ˵ûҾȻֱӾܣˣ컹Ҫɣ
ҿҵ۾Լƺûˣ־úЦǿ֣֪ˣȥʱôأ
˵ţһȭͷСϣʹĹӣ﷢ʹüͷץ죺Ϊʲô˵
ۿʪ󣬾ȻͿʼˣҲ¶һ֣ķˣôҲǸһɣôһԣǱҾҪһ̵ĳͣҵö죬ɫ˲ͱˣһɺҵ塣
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ɻܶ࣬ͷˣΪʲôأѵΪҳͷ룬ӦòˣУôⳬͻΣԺӦͻˣǹǱʲô
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ϾֻһܣǾͬûȥͶ̥Ҳѡ˼䡣
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ЦЦȻǣ϶ҲǮҲ㡣
˵ֻģҿ½߳ˣһһǴװͷӲߣͷףƲСӵǱĺܺã֣һɵģҳզ
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ҿ˿Ҷƺͦ仯ģү̵ĲЦ˵ɶΣգүͳڣҿ϶ǰ
֪ȴҡͷ˵ȣʦбҪܸǵܣΣǽҪȥطǳǳΣգңҲ˵ȫˣԸҸǷǳбҪģ


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ʣһ˷˸ãڳ̸ļƣԵʱһԣ֪Ӧ֪ˡ
ҵͷ˵ܹƻԹ磬֤ҪԣҶкܶµļ䣬Ȼ飬ƴһµ֪ҪĶ˵֪ģǻ֪ˣСŮˣϣƾֵĹؼȻСˮԵ־޷նϵģڵֱе
үӹ磺ҪСŮȳСˮȫҪϣٶ࣬ҲֻЭֻƿ֡
ԣҲɵÿЦλе뵱Ȼ˰ɣһͨˣô𣿡
ѹǶûѹ̫ܰѹҵǲеû°ԼСܹصĸ
ЦЦûѡʶ㲻һˣԸСˮ𣿡
һ仰Լ̾һûҲܷСˮôǵҲõҲõˡ
евסţҲôۣȻҲԲ⣬Ҹһ£˶ʤ죬漣𣿲˵ģܹŴӴǸ漣
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ɫֻ࣬ҪʱŻı顣
ڵصǣ㶪ǣ㣬ǲģǱҪĻǶһֻڣȫĻǣǲоСˮĿܡ
ѾµһЩ𣺡ѵʧĻǵʲôΣյĵط𣿡
ҵжеܾȣ˵ֻҲԣҪ֪Ļǵȴ޷֪ҵУܲǣ·;գǴ֮࣡
ɫһףΪʲôҵĻǻܵôΣյĵط
һʶĿүɤӣ˵ˣ㱾ǹˣҿУǽľˮˣɵģأܵӰ죬ָı˹켣ڵȱˣ
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һ̬ȣĻǲŻ᱾ȥЩΣյĵطɺϣҲעǼȥĵһطﲻԶںТеɽһǱߡ
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Ϊ˴Уҿһµ£Ҳмֵģ˳ȥʯһˣû취ء
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񶼶ǮȥˣӻţǮҪܣҺȻһҪ飬ָ˵ǵǮ
ͷ˵ˣصöۺΪɶأܼ򵥣̫ǵóУò̸ϲ
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һһ㶵ģǲţ˼ұСˣ𶺣ҪǱˣôúõģܼôǮ
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žϻĳĳĳطֹĹϢڲҲ𣿡
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ҺţǱҪȴǰοԶ󻹸˵绰ȥ˯һȥТУҲˣбµˣ˵ܰﵽ㡣
Զǧлˣһӣ˰ɣԼ¶û䣬ȥˣҲˣԵûɶǮҵĳѿǺܸ߰
˸ۣ˵Ǯȥˣɵǿ˵࣬Եккܴϵ⣬ҪһػǣҹνĹĹǸؼ
ôһ˵ҲûˣЩǮһɵ֡
ڶ죬Զ׼ʱһﵹҲʵҲǺ治զںǮˣǵԼ˶һʣҲɣôԶܲ˼һʤǧ֮⡱ɡ
һֱ磬ǲ壬֮ԵôãȫΪطʵ̫ƫƧˣͶɽˮɽˮ˺ôһȦͽ˶ʮŶҪˣǲŵ
սӣǾ͸оЩԾզ˵ģһɽա
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ڴʱﴫŵһ˴Ŵ࣬ſڹײ˳
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ԶǱˣǰȥ˻ǣǸӵˣûжŮѾʮˡ
ֲĶ鶼û̫ıˣũձΪܻٵˣޣֵÿĵģԶԥ£˵ҧġ

ҵļ˲صԼЩ󣬴˸սҲȷĶȥ֮ȥԶļҡ
һԶļȽƶֵ͵ũСԺֻס˵ķúשǵãĴʲôĶ
Զ˵ûкܼ˵仰ͿʼЩԶĿˣҲûк
ע۲Զĸף֮ǰѾʹ񻪣ʮ꣬ʱһĪչϵƶѵһԶЩΣѯʵүôأ
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һ磬ͷҧϢһŵòᣬҲȥ롣
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ᵽӣԶӳСʱĴ˶˵ǿսʱСըġ
ǵʱ򣬷־ڱԵشȻиĹڣǵһۿȥû˻ǹĹΪһһðͷӸߴһӵǣɶĹ
˵һլ򵥰
Ҿú棺լ
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͵լʵ͵ǷĹײģⶼסĵط͸һסש߷һļͥס¥ǮסǱҲŵȰլסı⵵ΣӦû͡
ҵǿ۽ˣ˻ǻܣŷ⣬ҲҪͼ˱ˡ
ߵĹǰȻʮҵһƬɣ˺컨һҡҷţ˱ǣһ˲䣬ɫ÷ǳء
ͷ컨ôˣ
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ͷ٣һж֮ǮЩͷԼĸ򣬿ԱӼͥ˺ͨٷˮʦ÷ͷЩ鷳תˣĳ̶ֳ˵з׻á
ǣͷɲã˵żˣҵķͷŪԼ뱣Ӱôҵ˲鷳ŹˣĹɣһȫǷͷҲ˵ʱþķͷģ
֪ôҵķͷյһԹ
ңͷǴ֮࣬οһƬǺ컨ѾǴ֮ˣǰѡΣա֣ǰ
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80 
ĻҴյڹһɵĳζݹűӴս˵㣬ڰмֻ۾䶢ңŵøϽ˺
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ȫǺӰ
Զƽ£ɶµģǶһ
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˵ģǳȺͰҶĻˣĹһǧһԸ⣬û취ƺûѡ
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Զģһ첲Ƶãһ˶ˣƾѪҲûаãһСʱ֮󣬾ȻͲҩˣҰ̾Ҳ氡
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Ҳŷ֣һԭǰľѾˣһµģľǽƵģںںڵģҲ֪
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ȻΣûˣ˳˵ϱ˼ֻϾͳˣԹôô󣿡
ڴʱǺȻ俴ĹйõԤУôˣ
һİƣòѾͷŻ˰ɣ


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¼ҲˣǰϱиǣԼǳŹĹȥ
Խǿǹɺ̾ԽԽȷ˵ˣȻܵӸǰͿڶ˸սζҲ֪Ǻߡ
ѾҲݻˣӣѾҪˡ

³ɶԤ֪⣬Ž˹ȥںţٶȺܿ죬굽ĹѨߣûӰ
ڴչȥ߼һҽУ
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ѭķܹȥڵϣѪҷѾ˿ҵּ˵죬죬ߣ
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ӲϵѪȻȴԽԽ֪࣬ҵۿˣߣҴߣ
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Ҵδ׶֩룬ëȻʱҽУҸϽȴĿʲôµķһֻ
ܼͨͬܳëĸƵã¹˸ŽĹ󣬿;úܽʵȻ֩ȴɵƿƤëƺʳԽ˰
⻹֩
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ŮҷЦ֣Ÿܡ

ҵɴ۾Ҳ֪ԼϵˣһֲֻôҲþأŪøһ
ʱԶĴҲ۵ùǺһ·Сָܹ˵ʲôںôҲӦԽԽˡ
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˵꣬ҲܻĿҵķŭ񣬸һȥˡ
·ϣһЩ£˵·ҧһڣǾ군ˣЩԹҶ˵õıҵİȫҶֺº͵ģǸ˵Լ置Ů뵽µļƬȥˣûע⵽ҡ
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ȥ֮¼֮ͷˣµĶϱͼӴ׵İѸղŵ˵һ飬˱ŵľսͬʱǵлҿ񻪶޳ˣҪ֪ôΣգҲȥĹġ
˯˯ˣżϷȻǱƭˣҵӰ컹ͦģһ˼ˣô죿
û˱ʲôأ
Ϊĸоʵܹˣ̾һȻʱҶȴͻȻҡ
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82 
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83 ڻ
ѵʱ򣬷ԼһƬСΧһȺˡ
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һְпЦѣӵʿץҿɲþãҪ͵ʱȴͲųһֻɫ򼣬ĽŴӿ֦һɫĺۼʴ
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һһʱҲŷӦȻһֱΪŽ־壬µģȴԼģ㿴ʲô
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Цҡҡͷ£Ϲž޲ʵżޱȣΪʲô
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ҶԽʱԽǲҳ
ҵͷ˵侲㣬ҪȦףۿžҪʮˣֻ̽߳ȥһ군ģ
ƺͦҵ˼Ѫɨˣÿ˶һ㼦Ƥࡣ
㲻ǵʿѵа֮ûбİ취𣿡
˭Ҳ֪аֻͼֶΣΣͷɴԹҡ
ҿû˵Լǵʿұͨˣǡɶһѧѣһɫеļһ˾ĵʿ
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ĸ˵һ֩ʲôҧô죿
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ݵȣûӣֲַԾˣ˵Щ죬Ǻ˵ƣܵ˴̼һ㣬ҿ˹ͷӣƺٴδȥƴҸϽסǡ
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ȴѾһײİ壬еĳ˳ȥ滹˸ΨǿסˣһǰľǶұȽŷʱָܻǡ
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İŮǰĸ˻Լ£ѩԴɵĳ˹ȥҧҲŲ£
˵Ҳ죬һָԾ綾Ĵҧ˿ڣһ˲䣬ɫͱˣжϣǱó죬ĺȻ࣬Ҳ˵㣬۾ɵĹԲ˷ܼɣ
ѩһ£˵þ綾̼ԼǱɲʲô˷ܼк֢ġ
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Ҿײİ壬âţͷȥҹ


89 񶷣
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һĻˣϳһ𣬶ȴڵϣǽʣİֹ࣬ͣһźµԹվǰɫ࣬Թ

ҴڻҳȻѾǺˣֻǳǰ̤һȴǿ岽һֻмľ룬ҼĿ죬ײİм䣬Ĺץаϣðһɺ˻ȥ
ⲢûжʲôӰ죬Ӽŭ죬ٶȳץڴʱѩߺһС𣡡
˸𣬾ĳԤһ㣬׶ԹͻȻͣ˲ĿܣȻѾˣһҧ£ѾעȥۿɼģȻ࣬˷˻
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Һһ㣬ڵϣҶô죿
һҶɴˣΣʱ̣վ˳ͻأĳһˣһʶľҪҧȻҶȴ³һιŹֵڣܰͣҶһѩȵģԶ˭ܱ˸Ҷ۶Ǿ棺˭ΪʲôկĿع
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˭һʵҶǸоһ㣬Բųٳٲϳ
ǱƻصĲ㣬źµԹһһ֣֪˭ȶˣҶץ˹ȥȻҶѾǵСŮˣоϲµĻǸıԸʩչһЩֶΡ
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ҶڣڶлһĨɫ֪ηĳ˹ȥ
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ȻüԹ꣬͸˿ƵãʲôҲû̵Թˡ
㿴Ǹˣ
ڴʱѩȻ䷢ֲԾָеķ
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оҵ֮һЦ̵ҲԤУƺԸع鵽ҵ֮УҪɣ
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Ҷһѣӡϳ赲ЩԹȻУʤΪ˲ʱ䡣
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սˣǵ˵ıԵ֮
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ǧһʱ̣ͻȻĽһзĶڻĵϣ


90 ı
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Ȼʱ
ǰѺƽҲʲôߣڻϵʱȴǷϸ΢ǸС͵ĵڹһ㣬ıˣǸԹоʹҵļš
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ڴʱſڵȴͻȻ䶶ͬʱʼһɿ񱩵ڽ»ۣȻԹδúԶ˵ңҾ㣡


91 Ե
߾ǸҳһģһԹվ⣬ԶԶĿǡ
Ƕվĳ֮Ҳ΢΢һȱһ𣿡
ԹЦţԵúҡ
ҿú֣ѵΪҵһӰԹԵúܲһվλԼ˵ǶǺϤһ㣬ֱ㵽ʲô˼
Թֿ죬˵ܼ򵥣Ǻ

û뵽һԹ֣ҵһӦǲܣ̸ݣ̸뻢ıƤ
عζˣȷ˵òҪǰԸԹɡ
𣬵Щãҵļûˣİ֡
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˻ûʱȻɫǰ˼ָͷƺҪ룬Ϊɵ𣿰ԸԹǣͷԼǿǱɣ
Թ˺󣬵һ˽𣿾ͨé֮һҪνԸҰɣ˵ˣҲûãֻҪ˶Ҫ
ЦôΪǾܻ𣿡
ûԹȴˣ˵ӲãҲ磬ɡ
⻰˵ãҵɫʱˣҸϽסļĥԹ飬չǰٹɣտ϶ҪģЩˣڹǰǲģǸԹܱһʱԹһΪһͻȻôأ
뻢ıƤϵ뻢ıƤҶʵԣǲܿԹɣɹΪǻǺûаȫУϣڰʮԹ֮Ҫ취ͨǳȥ
ʮԹѾ㹻ˣ֮֮УлΪյӮҵġ
Уʮ̫٣Ҫʮ֮ҾʵͨˣʱȻǳȥ
ҡҡͷȻܾ
ʮ̫࣬ҪʵڿɿطΧڣʮ㲻Ӧô̸Ѱɡ
ҧ˵ȴǱһƬֲģʵǱȽСƵģ˭һлᣬԷ϶ֵģҵĻǻع飬ҡʵ˵Ҳ֪ʲôӦҲкܴЧϾǱһġ
Թ¶ݣ˵ãǾôˡ
ŵĿңҪԹ
ҡҡͷЦȻô죿
˻ҲǿӦˣ׽һӵĶȴҪͶ˵Ҳͷһˣû취¶ҿ˿ѩǻãһֱţͲԾˣ˸ŸӵĹâ
γժ·Թҿˣҳһģһֻ£һа
̽Ե˾䣺Ϊʲô
ЦƺӪһº͵ĸо뵽ݣȴǷ죬˵ҲϡǵãǱһ˴ĨȥһԹʶںϣҾͱԹ
ǰһ˳ʲôӣ
Թҡͷ֮ǰûʶģֻһϸ΢ĸ֪
ڲһакâһѾɱȻƵңȴҲǣȥˣһֱˣĳ嶯
ϣ㹻ʵ
ԹֻҪвΪѡ
ԹֻЦ
ѩҵ°ڣĿ𣿡
ҪҴ̼ѩؿǴ̼ˣôԹһͬУָоʵܱŤ˵ˣǾҲǷĴҿżȻﻮ׹⣬ܵҪȥҧԹ
ȥͿˣ°ɣһȫĵطš
ԹͻȻͷ˵
Ϊʲô
Ҿѯʣ򽻵Ҫʵ㹻
ΪҲ°
ң۹ζɺͷ촽
֪ΪΣĪ˸ս
ͬǰﲻæҪչˣ粻Ҫ롣
㣬˫˫޳ɣ˵УϾͶ
˵꣬ҾܣѰһʯң˽ȥӰȡһ̣̰ڷſڣ½Ƕȣƺڲʲô
һӺĿ¶Ȼ֮ɫȡһףëպɰڹд˸ӵġ
ȡʮȻȫ壬иɿƵôСڹַ࣬Ըʯǽ¾ŷ׭Щ֮һʯҵԹҲ޷ҵǡ
ԣǶһɣǿһƨڵϣͣɵӡ
ҵһʱ䲢ûзɾ裬ǿ󣬶ԱҪǿһֱܽ䱸ľƺȷΣգҲųţ
ˣȻЩ£ëǹܲס죬еСһڣû⣬һƤӲͣض߶߶˵Ż֪Ϊй¶űڵձģѩ־⣬Ҿ֣ΪʲôǶƣа׽ô᣿
ѩӣһ㶼ǸˣկҲоͨĹţλܸߵģ׽аĳʿߣûһˣ
⻰ǵõͬŰƲϵ˵ãλŮǰΪģֻϧ岻ʶ֪ҵ
һˣװˣèı£ĹѨôãӲ㱻㺦
ڳԼǰ϶ǲ̵ģָ˵㲻ǰɣھ͸λŮһԣ֪׼׼
Ϊļҵſڰˣɴ֣ѩдһ֡
ѩ£Ȼղ˵ûãҾͲ⡮áְɡ
ĥ˵ã²룬ǴˮķȴǴ˵вۣˮβǰȻƽƽһ˳֮ȴǱ鲼»еģ˴εΣգǲ֮һǣڴϣϣŮˮˮأȻֿˮŮΪˮΪ˵㽫һˣʹһȴ飬ˡ
̸ԵûĸŮܹѩǲţҲģ˭
֪ΪʲôɫͻȻһ£ƺʶƳһۣȻ˵Ҳ𿪣˵˾ߣȻǽֲͷ˵˶˵أ㻹˽⡣
ţҲоЩԾˣɶ˼զеϤأ
ѩͷҿһۣȴĿЩҲ΢΢̣Īŵǲǹң
ȴûע⵽һŵĿѾʮָһ


92 ݺ
Ϊĺյţֻȴһֺܹİӿ޹أѩϳңҲΣ۾ﶼǺ档
ҿԴ֪϶һﱨңҵ鷳֮˵ӦϹ
ϣܹסɣһǳɳ̫ǿΣյġ
Щĵ˵
ûΣգһԲ֪ˣ
˵ʵҾǿƵã˵һֻƱֻҪһԾ֪׬Ǯ˵Ҫƣ
ԿɲģԵˣֻҪԾҪеԼǴɻ䣡ΪͼԼδһҹУǰԼ³źˣԲ㣬㿴ӣĳͽ䣡
еƣ̸йѧԼó򣬸һ˿
ѩҲʱʱѯʼ䣬ڽ̸ģͰǿ˶һߣǿãǸͨˣҲߣֻһ뷨Ǿǻ뿪
ɾͲһˣһ·ϵķŭŭѾ˶壬ͣձӵһ嶯ǣĿԽǱ䣬ͻȻ֮䣬ǿ˹ָ
ǿЩԥǿ˹ȥ
Ҫһǻع壬Ѷȿ˵Ǿ޴ģڱԹǸ⬣ôջأ
ȥǻصҵ⣬Щͷۡ
һǣѩӣ㻹ʲô
ǸСˮˣҿԴͻʶ֣Ҫһͷֻ쵽һ룬ҲŷӦϽ˻Ƶӣɿ˵ͷٸɡ
ѩҲҵĶһ˼䡣
𣺡ҪôջҵĻأ
ָĵӣﲻֻҶķлãүǰһӣŻǹ壬Ȼᱻ㻽ֻҪǱȻʼںˣиؼǾĻҪѾԹ޷ջˣǿкյĽǷΪ
£Ϊ
ͷ˵ض곣⣬Ψס꣬˼壬ĸһ£궼Ҫǿģֻͳǣֻͨ˵ˮ׼һȴǳԹɹ˹Ǿ͸ˣǿɣ귴ᱻ̣
˼ǿһߣҪǿߣֻᱻ䷴̣ҰסȭͷУ𣺡ôҪôأ
̾һֻܷ뿪ط˵Ѱһǡ
뿪
֪ΪʲôȴǿҵĲʣһСˮ۵Ļ棬ķ·˭£ʹ˶ˣҲ֪ʲô̬˵Ȱҡ
ȵĿңҪʲôҸ֪һ룬ȷСİңţЩ죬ǵңеģؼҵҲعһЩðٶȲԺܿͷӦˣ͵ĺҵĽ޵ıƣ󣬶ڻǵо
ԭҿʼЩֿڵ
˵£Ȼ֮䣬һιѩ§˫ۣɪ˵䡣
ԼֱļƤ񣬾òԾյĵ£ķأ
ȻҲ뵽һ㣬ɫһףĵſڣԼµ󷨣ȻеҸղŲʮΪһ
ҺѩһϽ˹ȥ
һֱһô˭õģ
ǵ˲תǿˣѩµʲôǲ㣬
ǺٱѩŰɣЩţҡͷ˵ûУҡ
йˣ
Ҫһôɵֵزʱ˻ԴҲÿϰϧѾˣڴʱϮˣȻһϢɢ

֪ʲôʱһµԹˣƺվȻ죬ȴʮѪڣĿѩ׵ļ
ߣ
һֻѩһֻŷԹҪ׷³˿ǿˮһ㣬䶨ԭأһʱѣ
طǣӣרһԹѰǣ֮ϾʮֻʮֻʵԹ
ֻһҲмޣų֣ĵѾܴˣǺòױɺɫİ׵㣬ƺɫļ
ҶҲôˣٴڶ꣬ͼ赲ǣֻϧЧ΢
ƺ֪ЩйҶ飬ʱ䣡
ҶͷӡѨѸٻۣһзкХҶϢȻ΢ƺȣʮſףͬʱ˳ȥ
ҶٶȻصĺ˵Ҫ˯һʱ䡣
ѾͻȻˣү֮ǰ˵ĵָʲô˼ҲйҶ˾иƺޣףǹ޾߱رֶΡ
ʮſ׺Ȼ䣬Թĺ¶ҵǧٿףҪ˵˺ȴô
ףȻԹף۵ģͽΣ⡣
׻Ϊ㹻ʱ䣬ŷ壬Өָ£һ·嵽˹սǴһߴͬʱһָǲëʲôӣ
޹ץסǿʹĻ˻ΣһʹǿĻ˳ɫȻ԰ס
ǣǵġ
ǿƺҪ͡
ȻȴݣҪǿʶ
ԤеãϽеס֣
ȻѾˣԴϵֻ򼣬һ㱬ҧǿĲϣ˵ȶԣһܹͨܵģǿжûгȫϵĵ˵ϡ
𽥵ģ嶼ʼ𽥱һ̲ŧˮ


93 Եһ
ﻮһĨһɺⶸȻ𣬳ǿʬ壬Ҳû̫ıʹϾҲ㲻ϣ˷ǲľ飬һֱܵϧ
治ҡ
һڶţЦҡҡͷѩ
ѩҡ
ѩȷϵǲȻղĺһİУ˾룬ͷң֪ڲ׷εʱ³һ˵ߡ
ת˲䣬ҵҲһĨɫͷһأһ˶ɱġ
ǵԭ⣬ҪܵȥѰܴ󣬸·ֻʼ򣺡áϡҲУΪҴֻһ
Ũ֮УԹɣ˺ҧвٶ񶾵ǣʮԹͬʱѾƣ²Һˣڵİ׵㳹ɫûȶʮСʱѾߡ
ѩʹĽŻͲʵȥģ
Ƴһۣѩ֣ѩңһᱣġ
Ȼѩ˸ղŵ飬ȴǶֱܵǲӵģ˵䣬ʶľİ˦֣֪ΪΣקסҵ䣬Ȼû˵˼Ѿˡ
ȻسŭңһͷŭĹţ
̾ҸеʱŲŸɹԲе飬Ůϲֻ֪ʵëСأѩǲϲģСӴŶҺ֮˰ɣջˮ⻰ûҾԼȫǹѩȻƯɬĻëѾͷһûɶȤںڹҿ϶Ǳˣܿ˵ûȻȥ˵Ĳ㣬Ҫȥ
Ĳ㣿
УСԸȻһǧһԸ⡣
ҵ˵ͷ˵ûѡˣֻ·һ
һµʱҿŨ֮һӰǺХķһûзӦӵصºȻһֻ֣קסҵĽף⾪Һȩ̈־һаȥȻڴʱһԹȴЦǵĿѩ
Сģ
һ
ȥаȻѾˣѩоԾǾ֣Թ֣ҪȻڼʱȴһӨĹâ򿪣ͬʱҸѩ鿪ˡ
֣
Ȼδܵ˺ѩѾµ˼£֪˵زͣˣͳǰȥǸǵģŨƺһֹħ֪䣬Ǿʧˡ
ڰУƺһ˫а۾ңĿвȫɱ⣬һ˿ơ
ҷֲ˫۾˲ֻ֪ԼǿԹˣΪԹǣѩʶĿʼֱ̲סۣҲѹѩ԰׵˵˼
ҡҡͷץĸˡ
ҼǰߣҲ֪ΪʲôǶҵԹٳδ֣ţǰͻȻ䵭֪࣬ǵ˳ڣ˼Ȼ˵Ĳ·ڣ
£ڵ̨ף温κζȴһĪĿֲһֻŴͣһ߽ȥ
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û·𣿡
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϶·ֻ۷ѡ
û·ôȥģҼᶨΪԼĲ²ǶԵġ
ǣҪȥ
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ԥʱѩɫȱ任ȻͷһۣԻͻȻץסҵļһѡ
⧲֮£ҼŴ¥ݿ׹£
ΪʲôѩΪʲôң
Ӹ߿׹ʱʣܵԹӰ죬һ˿Թҵĵѿ𽥵ĸоԼļ꣬Ӱңһ澵ӣȻᷢҵ۾Ѿͨ졣
Ȼָ߿׹ĸоûжãҾ䵽˵棬۵ʱȴȫסˣô£
ղҲǱѩȥ𣿿ڷͳڵ·ڰһǽݣ
ѵղֻ˸ΣһжֻǼеֲþʵˣʱѩҧ촽˵£
һһۣԭĹ켣˵Ǻãȥɡ
˸̨ףȻºڰһƬͨĲĽݶʧˡ
û·𣿡
ѩҡ
Ҷƺûκα仯һҲ뵽ҪȥˣҪңӦһȥ
ѩֱֵĺƺһжֻҵĻþ
иһֱڶ˵ưƣˣû𣿿ɣ置ûˣ
ҵֻ̧ЩðʧĴѩļϣֵĿһۣȴҵɫЩ£˵㣬ôˣ
Ұסһƣѩץסҵĸ첲ʲôΪʲôҪ
Ҳܲˣѩվ󣬰ӶƵ˹ȥֻҪһȻˤȥǣʱ̣ҿѩеľԹ紥ľѣð亹һѽڴڵĴŴһ㣬һɴ
ҰѩʱϡһߣǿҵĲ
һͷȥʲôҲûУѩȴҲǱˣıһ㣬ͬãŴź¡
ղʲô
ͬʱʡ
Ĭ룬ŶԷ񶼴żɣͬ顣
Ȼ񣬵һ棬ȴá
ȻĲĽݸˡ
Яֳȥߵһ룬һëȻĲҽС


94 
ڵĲ¥ݹսǴſţʹһʲôҰ˺ˣڵѪ»м⣬ֵ֣ܣҡ
ѩһʱҵľ
ҵɫҲˣôˣ
ЦԹƭңϵˣȾҡ
ѩʹĻҵֱۣһŵĹȥȻڼʱҵȴһƺâץԱߵһʯͷԴݺȥ
ҽһ˵ϣԽ˳źܶģҲδ֣ͣ˺ü¡
ѩˣʲô
ҵݸһ԰񣬿ġʬ塱ЦȣֵܣΣҲ䵽ֵز͹Ҳ͹ңΨ߹Լ̶ֳȵ۷Ϊƭ˵ɣ㵽˭Ҫʲô
ʵڼһ۵ʱǳ־ģǰңֱӾͻǣھǴ֮Ҷ˼СģԽԹԽƭˣǻŪģ˵ԣʲôʱҪ侲
ʵ϶£ȻˣһͱȻǸٻˣ
ѩеãȻ΢΢һӦǱŻˣ۽ǶۣΪĨȥ˵ǹֻЩǿԹʩչֶΣڹ֮УṹĿ־壬Լһأôͳ˹ˡ
ѩĵͷ
ҺңԼûΪ޵ؼҵĵ飬֪ʶҲǷǳõģ򣬾ЩǿԹеֶΣڹ֮УԹһжԹԼãǳΣգֻҪᶨģ߳
µĵ˴ǱˣԼ
ֻҲףиǵǿԹΪҪعǵǰ·أ
Ȼҿ֮󣬵ġʬ塱ͻʧˣһȻѩ˵ҪԼ
ֻҪ̹ܺɵͨ飬ֻǣ˵̹֣ĸأ˱˽ģο֮Уˡ񡱵һ汻ϵķŴҪͨʵס
·˳࣬ҵĽȴûз£ǿң֪ûôļ򵥡
ţƺֻǼʮľ룬ǰȴǻȻʣһûǹ⣬Ĺ
Ŀ棬ڵҹɫг쳹Ǳ鲼ǿգʵĿ磬ѵ˵Ҿӳ˹
ûǰǳ׾裬³
ʲôûĪľͳˣʵ̫ˡʶĻͷҲŷֲԣҵȻǹɣһͷһ޷ݵɭԼ׹˵
ƺǰ˸ӣֻҪǰһҪֻ࣬һҾͿȥ
̼ҵֱһΣ֮ľһů˼䣬˵⼸һҪǵľȻӲǿסˣ˵һԹޣڶ˽ô
˿磬ҹȻʼṳ̂һ
ΪҶ˹ĹδҵӳȥǻǸ𣿸οͨͨ׿ס
ҧҧһۣȥǾ׼˻صһ˲䣬ȴϤĺӣ
˳ԴȥˣǴＷ裡
裬Ȼҵǰͳ֣ݺ᣺ڸʲôӣ谡
һַ·𱻲һ£޷ƵľҪǰߣǣȴֹסңڼǧ֮⣬ôܳҵǰǻþ
ΪҾͻϵ̫ˣ
֪Ǹ壬Ȼȴ˼Ŀƣ˫һ㣬ȫˣҿ裬̲ס뵽ƺѾһʱûлؼˣʱΣպܶ࣬ΪŮʶĲЩ߸ĸΪ֪ǵ֮⣬ûκεãⲢҲǣ˿̼ΪʱͻȻ俴裬ʹ֪ǼٵģȻһůĸо
еĺңÿһ۶ҵ࣬ҵ᲻֪们䣬ȴȻĨȥˮҲûԥĺһʵķ϶ҵǰգϤϯҲûʧȭͷ˵վǹҪ˵ӸʹҾͷȴ֪˵ȻҲãôлл㣬Ҫ˵ʱҼ衭ʹ֪ǼٵģȻҲη壡
ѩԱߣ֤һУֵͨʧеɫҲӾϲʧ䣬ҵʱȴǴż˵㺣ֻҲûв
ҵעǰ档
ĲİһˣȻǻģ
Ӧ˵ǸĵԹ
ؿڵİȻɭЦţû뵽ȻôļᶨʵҲţȻǸͨˡ
ǿҵѹȸдɢֱĵԹǿˣһһǿùײİڵǿʮ
㣬㵽ʲô˼ôۣҪͼʲô
ҽŵĿڣݶڴܡ
ѩ֪Σյʱƣľ˳ȻƤӶ׺Ķ
ϧֻһ񣬾þѩ׹䣬ҴһȥĴЦ˵Ҫл㰡㣬ҵæ˼ԹҲ㹻ǿ󣡡
ˣ֮ǰ׷ǵԹ˻ǣĶظɵһǸԹñˣõǿֳ֮룬˵ԹڲűôǿҸɬڣֲγɹ򡣡
ڴʱҵҲƽһƬһѪԹˣһͷһ¶Ц
ҵһǣҲøǿˣ߲Ѫ´ŨնԵø죬߽Ҽм䣬ΪԼǱˣǹ˼ӣȴȻûжҵԽҲ
԰һﲻҪɱҵļƣǶţ


95 
ȷϣҾķ֣ڶţ
Ƕҿ⣬ֻΪʲôҪҼмأѵ˵ʲôϵ
ȻнŵҪһǿţȿ˵λи⣬˶Թ
ϷʵϣҲûڣʮ
ֿһԼָоȷǺƺʲô΢΢ţʮ
ڻ˵ʮֵʱʵѾޱˣΪҺ˶ʮԹʲôճΪĽϣܹռݾԵƣһǳԵӰɣڵǣҪȱԹЩҪǿһߡ
Թǿ֮ǵҲֻ߱ܵҰޣýƻ
һ˵Ķʮȴ޷ܣΪʼ̸ֻӦʮ֮ҪͨǳȥѾʮҲ仰٣൱Ŀ϶Ͱˣ￩һ£ѵ𣿡
һƺ³룬аЦİɣţֻҶڵĲںԹأʩչé֮Ҳɱģָ
ȻǱˣ뻢ıƤĽǺΣҲ̹ϣңʵʼûָܰʮʮԹ̵ʮ֮㷭ӿˣȴ޷Ϊ֮ǰͱ˵Ĳ
ڶ뿪֮󣬱úǿԹͬ飬ģʼԹʵƽȵģһʮ֮ʵͳʼαӣһ·ѹٴʮڲűôǿ
й鲢⣬ҰĿڻĵϣֵģʱȺ˳㣬ӦȳɳԹˣȴʱ˷ҵϣҲס
Թƺһģƻ˲ţֻǸҵɻˣǼɵɨԹһۣ˵ܼ򵥣֮ùֹ㣬Ϊ˲㱻ɣ
ɣ
뵽ʲôŵָǽڷףʲô˼
Цǲģǳɳ֮ȴͻȻϣ¶ʱ򿴵һĻԭҵ֮ͬһһڰٹĹԹȴǱߣĨȥʶȻһȱĻ뵽հ׵ʶУʼ˭ҲҲû˼ȥע⣬Ϊûϵܻ˭ǶҪɵġ
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˵ҲЦһĵˣȴʮԹΪ飬ƫƫʵܶʱΪ˴ĿģҪһЩЭġ
ʮıһսҵĽǶȿǲռƣѪۣƺŭڲץסһԹ˺ĸ첲һھȥлթ֮ɫƺڼʲô
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Ȼܿ죬͸о谭̵ңǰֻкڰ·Ԥев֮ǰ¼ңҺµķˮЧ׭ʼɢͬһףס
ⶨⳤΪľǱҵĻǣĻ˵үΪ˻ԡ֮죬ȵ񵽴۷壬Żķ׭
һ֣֮ӿೱˮͬһҶСڳˮزظÿһͷƺܹû׭ȴڹؼʱƽϢʹҰȫȹ
ŵĵ𣿡
ǲȻŭÿζΪҪˣܻ⣬ָоܲˬҵĶϣĽǶɵľʮŸԹʵǰԹޣĳ٣޷ݵĸͬĵ꣬ҵĽ׳
ůĸоʼհң֪ȥлᱻ϶ʱҪ֪׭ǿҲֻǣȴԴԴϵĺǵˮʯҲܴ͸οɲǵˮÿһҸоױ
еˣ£ǰģ˾ģҲ̲סˣüʱѹҸԼȵȣٵȵȣ
ҿֶܹãİɣԵĻһᱣһ˿ʶգʮ꣬꣬ûȥ˾ȴܵĿ־壬лҰ㣬Ժҵˣ
Ѿо׭ˣ׼ĳ̡
ǿѾˣǵĻһ䶼ûȥֻǲϵĸԼȴ
ȴҲǶĲڵȣǸ
ڣѵļ󣬶һֱڽǸ㣬һ˿˿ѷ죬Ҫѵף
꣬ڴʱ
ǾϲһŽѿķ϶˽ȥ
ůĸоȥޱɭϢΧסңͬһ㣬ҵ˹Ҿѹ·Ůûκεֻֿ֮Ŀ
ҵľ񳹵ױʱˣҵȵǸȻûг֣ѵ˵
ȻҪɣĨҵĺۼ֮ʱңԶĴɽĴ֮УϵĺŮȻĮУǧɽˮһɸʤԹ䴫ݹ۳һǿӲ
һҵˣѾȥӰͬһ㣬ڰУ渡ֳãȻ֮ɫ⣬ôܣ
ңȴסȭͷȻĳˡ
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100 ̣
ԣû˻
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ܼ򵥵ĵСˮˣȻҲҪ군ôСˮĺСŮҪҳ𣿴ĳ̶ֳ˵ռСˮ壬еСˮˡ
ǸĲɹļʲٷ֮һû취ǸˮˣȻ俴һĵƯҲ᲻һеץסֻܽϣںСŮϡ
ڽױƵɲǣǾˣΪԼһͿأ컹Ǿҵģʱ̣ϣ£
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ʵ˵ǵģʵŵңֻһ֣ôãǰ
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ջ΢΢˵һڣ뺺ﲻͬһǵٺܿ죬úܳĳһֵ˼˲䣬һɵĺӿ˳ͬҵƯڿУҺͶ֮ɣϵĺһӣǧƺɫ˿һˣҵ꣬һˣǲǵڡ
ͿҪˣҿǵӶ˶ƺʲôһٶȸ˼֣һĺ߶Խ˿Ȼû뵽ǵ֮У˿Ĳ࣬ҽһֳʵĸо·ҵĶѾһ֡
Ȼʱ򣬶ѣʼδʲô£֪֮ǰδеĻźͷŭ鲼򣺡ʲô
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һڵĽеķѾ˼£Ｗ֣ջ꣡
ǲŵĶңһ⣬ȴ޷߶Ļһĳȡ뵽ҵ֮УĻаԹޣǾʮŸԹĲʣ̵ĲҵĶǣʮŸԹ
̵Թϵӿĺ磬ÿһƶʹãûɢö׭棬ү˴ģڱǹƷ϶֮󣬾ǿʼֻǱ䵭࣬Թϵӿ׭µı仯һֽ棬ЩĶס
Ϊһ˼ѹֻԸӦ˼룬ҾͲԼûֻǶʮ꣬Թʱ䶼ǱݼţЩǺԼ̫̣Ȳ֮һЩƬӿһֱӷԼ˭
Ȼ׭֮ʱɫĹâԹĳˢ£ı䵭ӿĻѾôˣźฺܶĶãܹܵķΧʱ򣬼ϲòܲࡣ
̰ĲΪ𣿡
ǵϱ䵭֪Ѿˣӿ֮ɫǲٵֿԼսű֮ǰٶȸʮı䵭ǹЦͨ˵֮꣬ܳһɣ
Ļӿ룬׭Ľâֻ˼룬ͳɢĻʱͬբĺˮɣʹɫŤſڵϴûʲôʹץˣԵĻѾҧԾˡ
ٸ򵥵ӣҵֻǸˮһӣһôײ£ǾʮŸԹļ䣬Ҫģһζεǰ֣ҸоԼԴҪըˣɲôĶ
ǻЦɣһɣͽ̰Ĳ󣡡
þԼʶܸҪң֪㲻
ɽĴеĺСŮɫٶȱ仯ǻۣȻҪ֣ɫĮƺ֣Ȼʱɫٶȱ仯Ҳԥ֮ɫ֣ƺں˭ŽڣЩεı۾˵ðɣٰһΣ
ܹһĻȻᾪȵ˵ҪҲ֪ܺͺСŮֻСˮʲôʱСˮȻӰ쵽ˣĴ֮е׷ʲô
ϧҲ֪һУۼԹޣСŮмңѭҺСˮеǣһݹܹϸĸܣͻ֪ʵһ㶼ůֻƣһȺɱ˷ڼΪһ㣬ֺıŤУʮŸǵļȫŪɾʮŸᾧҵ
ڶǣûйܣҪҳһЩͷ
ô
ĿһеĶǣ׵ľȻҲ˵
ҵţǵĹλһҾúܳ㣬һʹޱȣЯĺ⣬ٲϵĳˢҵԺֻҪκһ˿ᶨҶᱻϴԣһֻ֪Թ޵ķӡ
һսʤߣһ
Ҳ֪ˣ˴鷳


101 
ǿл֮󣬾ͻ˹ȥŪѣźףеã֮ú޲óңֻǿʱʱֵʹ֮ɫЩġ
ǰҲûһﻹô񡣡
ȻôˬѾز̾Ҳû顣
𣿡
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һ˶ĬˣҡҡͷЩǿЦҲɡ
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ģһԣҾͲӲСԣ
ҧ˵˴ԣûʹߣΪ֮ǰʯң˲ãָֻȥ㡣
˵һ³˽ƭ֮⣬˻ᵥȥ㣬һĺܴ󣬵ڶմߣҪúܶ࣬Щķɶı
ڹϣҲɶĲĵģĿ֮ȻۣϲСƺת
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ʲôת
ҡͷü˵õ㻹浱ǻɰ
һⲻ׵⣬˵ģͷҪǳ£ҿˡ
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˵Ц˵Ц˻Ǻܵǵģ֮ȫĬڷ׭֮ҵɫʼ仯֮ǰֻʹ࣬ȴǱҵ·ҲѪ⡣
ҪԹ仯װ
ѵѾˣ
ɫףĽ̫󣬲ãϵûгãָͬʱһ
֮ҵɫڲϱ仯żżʹ࣬ǵҲͬɽһ㣬ڣҷ̶֮ɫƽˣѨз¡¡죬ҫ¹Բ̨ͻȻ䳯ұ˼磬ǻشˡ
Գȥ𣿡
Щţңѩϲȥ֮ǰ˷ѵʱ̫ˣѾ賿һ·ϵ㣬Ŵ򿪵ͨѩ
ΪʲôȻͨ
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ΪڹĹţ߰˸źµӣڶڡ
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⻰ԿȻǿΪܰһŪģû뵽Ȼñ˭á
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˶ӣĿ⽻㴦ƺл𻨡
ʱע⵽ؿڵı־ɫִһ䣬˵
ѩ΢΢ۣǾ˵𣿡
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ͷ֮ɨһȦĿѩ΢΢¶εа֮ɫ
ĲһҲô飬ٶŮǻǺϲġ
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ҵüͷĻ£ʱʵ;ˣĹ棬ԭĽ
ͷ֮˰ȻͷǸ𣿡
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ʶ΢΢ͷ֤ʵһ㡣
ͷ֮˿һĻÿЦʤȯգҲ䣬һֺܸ߸ϵ˵֮ǰǾͽ˹ĹǼǰڵ伮мصҪʱ̣֪йȡȴû뵽ڶѾգѾ˽ȵǵףʱСͶ·ҲãײǣҸɴԼӿһ֪ľһʿһģһͨˣи置СŮȻ͸ҴٹĹЦҵĴҾͲȥˣȣҲҪġ
˵⣬ˣҲ֮ɫǣΪʲôǻųˣǰµķʣΪûйҪ˵Ǹɵ˹ҿɲ⼸ֱ£
䣬˽̤ǰһһޣж֮
ĿȻס˽аħ˵ö֮캦飬ϸ׺䶥Ǳնˣ
ͷ֮üһͻȻǰȥһǱȳؿȥѾӦϥȥֻϧ޷Ȩͷһ֮߳⣬صײʯϣһѪ³
Ǳм˵ƾҲɱɵӲɣҪΪ㲻˵ҾͲ֪ǰǰѾӡǣӲҵĵģעҪΪΪצ
˵䣬ĿڴһֻɫĺӣֻƴС˺죬۾ۣȻͷСɢ֮ңָš
ջغӣ߷ҵϣ˵ԭϣʱԭ˰ɡ


102 
ѩĿҪʲô
ͷǵһ˿аڲϵҲǻʲôûҵĹٸɵ֪éɽʿʦֵһ㣬Ĳ׼ǾͰĻǳιǵĹ裬СŮ㵹ǲõģǳϧһú۰ġ
˵۰ָּ
ѩʧͷŭ㻹ǲˣ
ȥѩͷߣ˵ڴ磬ǰ治˵Ҹ˺͹㣬ѩҪҴߡ
ͷÿɵӵʲôʱˣСӣˣûиҺʱڸѡ񣬵һ置ȥڶԼѡ
ԣɫ԰ֽǲţôܣôܡ
ӷסͷקڵϣƤƵ߳һ֮⣺һĶϽ
ʵĲ࣬׵ıˣɴſڵϺͷӷ꣬ݺݵĵһۣĿմӺðͱȥͲҷ˿⸱ģǵ˶ǴЦ
ѩĿջأҲȥһۣĥڵľƣЦ˵λڴǰɣһգ֪ǴҾ϶ˣôôշأ϶ֻӿˣλѣȽкӰӰЩϲ
ڴıҵĹôܿȻСϣ˵棬һȻĻߣ
ˣ޵ĸӣһֻֻԹǣΧʮҵ¶ȣȻ½˲١
ǰ죬Щȴ޾⣬Ŀ֮طùճֻ֣ʵҪܶ࣬ˣôԹͬʱ֣Ҳ޷
ɫףʱ䣬ǱߵصȴѾһ׷˵֮ʱĨ֮䣬ڽһԿڽϵĹͬʱ˸Ѫ⣬׷ڽϣһնǴ׷һ˿˿ϸСĵ绡߰˸ﵱͷ˸ţʹһޡ
Ӷң
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֪ǹؼʱ̣һѪӿӲǱȥʼ̤ͷڴкâһ̤ʱýʯҹȥɲɵıţһסȫ˳ٽûˣڵҲ

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˵ͬʱע𣬹ȻǰһƬͷѾˣȻǺ֢󣬳Ǵ
˭вָͷߣҪ˵ȴзһ䣬ӵһֻӰֱס۾𿴵ʱȴͷһȭڵϣҲˣһּϲĸоʩչ顯˵Ĳܸ߰㵹еüֵҲɱ㡣
Ȼ˹סͷ߳һ߹ֻѩ֧ϣܳĽԽԽŨ˵ףҲֻǸʮ߰Ů飬ѾǺܼǿˡ
ͷûаѩаԽԽŨֽţһָ٬ѩ°ͣСŮҪʶడ
ѩҧҧͻȻᶨɫһҪٴδ߶ƣıƣڴʱӰץסֱۣƵĶãѩֵĿѾſǻ㣬ʲô
֣ѩ°ͣĴһǰĳĦ۵ѩ֪Уֻ־Ƕ񶾵Ķ棬ĵط÷ⰹࡣ
ԶԶĿţȭͷսɿȻĵͷƵ
ΪһŮˣҪʶʱ񣬲ûϵԽǲϣԽ̼һ㶮ʲôйء
֣ڳĳ˽Ĳλ䣬ѩᣬı۾
ȻڴʱֱεץסҲá
Ҫˣҿ԰


103 Ѫ
ѩƫͷңǾϲ֮ɫ
صҲǾһֻûǵֱþΪҵ۾ʵ̫ڿֲ
һ˫۾Ѫ죬ÿһѪ˿·һԹԹѻʱ򣬾γ̵ֱⲻǰңĳȥȻ˵ѵ껹Ǳ𣿡
Ҳܣܣҵ󣬲Ӧ
ͷ˲֪һУʶתͷңҵĿԣ¶ɫˣ򽻵ڹҪκ˶˽ĸһ㣬۾һ֪ˡ
ƺʲôдż־ɣΪʲôţִŹϢѵǸ𣿲ԣӦ
ҵǹճһ˿̵Ц⣬Ҳ֪ΪʲôҿҪѵʱоһŻȼգյҺܷ꣬һֺ޲ûǰһеĳ嶯ֻаڿ⣬ӲǽŻѹȥ֮ȴֿһĻҲɢˣڶǵаͷų촽ͻȻҪһѪζ
ŵУҵ·΢ĸı䣬Ϣ۾Ѫȥʧڻںڰ׷֮УǷ豹棬ڰ׷ǡ
ץסֻͷ֨֨ͷ˴УһҵؿڣȻȴǸоʹһŲûаұˣҸоޱȵˬƺŸ˼ѩӰתңһֻҧҵĺһֻͼסңȻǶֵʱûɵķŭͺЩһֻžܲǰһ㣬ҵ·˲任һϮѪ£ץסĲӣֱӾͽ侪Уһգͻɢûз
ʽԲǵҼһֻӰܣЦͽ׽˻Ǹֺ֮ɫƺϣܹһֻǹѪͷôҲѹȥˣЦţһھͽ¡
̹ǹʲô
ȫˣǵĹұѪ֮ȫޣֻЩߵȼԹŻᷢ
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ڵϵ̤ĳǳȥ˱뷴κι費ҳֻⲫֻϧƽعһ磬Хһ㣬ˣ˲佫˰

ѩŴͣⲻǹĹеĺ
ҵϣɢ˿˿Ƶ֮䣬Ͱȫסˣ֮Уͬʱʧţͬ֡
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ͻأĳ֣ǵķ׭Щ棺ʲô
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ͷ­˳ȥ֮ǰĿһ𣬵һ״
ȥʣµˣˣȫͷվһǵŽᣬʹѹ׵ֶΣͷˣһѺڽҲǹɭɭƺſЧ
˽ĽǲͬĽʮ㣬а˽кܴĶԣͨһ¹ƶʹǷˣӦֱҪġ
ͻȻһèϷ˼չǵУԼվ֮ϣ΢ǰһҪ׹Ԩ˽Ǵ󾪣ͷڷӦǹǹ
ǵĹѨĲʱҺѩ;йεĿ飬ͬ޵Ԩͬľ飬ҵҪ⼸ʦֵܸξ
⣬Ӻͷ˽ʣ¶ȥȵ֮ǲ֪ʲôŭͷߣڵļһٿĪ磬ֻǺˡ
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ǰһȣҪ壡
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Ȼ֮䣬ûϢ
ʣµһ˿˿ͬ飬ȫˣϥһ˵㲻ɱҵġ
Ĵ˸Ƿû˵Լὲð
Žһ߽۾ڵˣʱȴǴ󺰣ڣлҪ
ӲģҽɱסˣҺܣҳһȥǳɵ״̬ղŵһе߸Ĺ
Źɣһ置㲻Ҫɱ
ѩȴԥſڣŮڹؼʱ
ɱɱͷײҵʶˣǹѪͷӿѹסԾⲻңô˲̣
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104 
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ŷģ˹ץҵͷһֻֻҵȥһһ߻̾漣漣Ǹ漣
ΪңȴеȫʹҿԼֻ֣Ĳ⣺ʲô
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к棺ϸ롣
Ϊʲô밡ұ۾оۣã˻֮У䣬һЩ仭棬ѩᣬһϮѪ£ɳȥͷ­ĵӡƴͼһƬһƴһҲŵĻ棺һжģ
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ҲʲôǶһ棿
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ǰ汻˵ɱͷ˽ʮʵǿȴĳϣȡʸֻϧû֣ԼȴҲ
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ոջصңĻû˭ܹƽɣҵһӦǻŮ٣ӹ֤ϸ˿󻹸ɾý䱸ҡ
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Ұֿ˿죬ֿ˿ңָͷڲʵ˵ʱʲôȥˣΪʲôһ绰ǲΥ¶ˣ
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ΪǷֿˣԼû̫ĵűӣžȽȥԼŸţҷһ󣬾ھǽ֮ԳֿˣӣһǰС谭ȻֹֿͣԺܲ
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110 ɴµĽ
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磬ΪʲôҪң
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ЦʶãȻȴѾˣѾҵļϣʪ˵磬Ұɡ
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СᶼˣսӲã±һ㣺磬ܻųȥ𣿡
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ҺݺݵĵСԼ죬޲óԼƣǽǰ߹ĺµ½ǣǴҵϲȥŵ亹ֱð
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ƿǵ̨˵ٻһָûˣܹȥôܣС˵ãòȥ˰ɣ
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113 
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СγѣסƿƵҲʶԼ¶ˣ۾Ѫ죺Ҫɱǣ
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ƿƾҵĿԣеѪһɢڲɺСһĿ
ƿƺ֪ʲôЩãȻĿǣ죺ʲôζ
ũɽȪСشһ䣬ʵأ
ƿҡͷ˵֪Ҹ֪ʲô
һƿƣڲ˵ʱ򣬿ߡ
СԾѵûаѸղŸŪ𣿡
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ƿŴ׵ʱ䶼ûУţɺʵ𣿡
ҴϢ˵ûʱˣֻܼɡ
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ȰʣµŴ׷ϰɡ
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ͬʱ߹һֻԼԴϻ¶ЦݣͷƤ飬ҵ³ʱ̣ȻнбɳһľֱֱĲڳŵԴϡ


114 
Ľ䣬иһ߽ŰɫT˵ںڰӦúۣȻǣ·ЯŰɫĴųûκϢȴһ˵ļ¶
ʣ˿ʣ෴ӦǸʡ
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һӰҪȴѾų˹ȥľľֻǺܵһľԲʲô˺ֻȴȫŭˣľԴХ֮ںڵĳǵ̺һϯõһĻĻƿһһ㶵ģ̧־͸һƣ˵ٿ
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ٺҶȻҼҵķȥֽҽԺô϶ǳҼȥˡ
衭
絶ʣ޲òϳɻȥҹſֽĻ⻹Ժвд棬Ԥֹסӿ


115 
˼ףɺ꿪ų˵ϳ
Ҳɵˣң˻гһ£ɺҲ˵ųͰ͵ſڣƿųȥ󣬷ںģ쵽ŵʱҷ˲ԽԽĵΪ̫ˣûһ˿
óԿ׿ţ¼һЩҲ뿴Ļ棬ã澲һƬͬʱһĿˣ֮ɢˣ
ѩŸͷϴ˹˯£е㲻˵Ӧһ䡣
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ѩڣӦҵһо˾ĴڣԾˣһ£ǽϴɺû£תߡ
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Ϊɺֻһʣ˵ͼųȴû뵽ڳĿֻֽճȭͷ
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һӦǾܾɲͨŮ˵ܰﵽæҲ͵ͷӦˡ
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116 
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Ҽɺͷ˵ˣҲûɶñܻģҵƶһ˵˳
һҹ˶ЩٻȴǰȻڶö˶˵ĳ֣˵ԼҲ֪ôȥģٳֻʱǶûлɹԾˣУȥ֢໤ǵʱ˵죬ӦȥˣʱΪЩ꣬ȴʱԲϣֵʱɢˣӦôã⣬ҪһҽԺסţٻȻԻؼңǾ˵ؼ֮ҽԺŲűסģôǲǴȥʱ˳סأ
ҵһǵ˼СƿƣԼһֱγݵϼ֣Ǻѽܡ
˳ҵ˼άɺ˵֣һǱԲŷĵĻȥ˯ˣû뵽ǳͻȻ֣ǣǼƻеıûԤϵԵڶʱ˵ǣֻܱªĻԣ˵ԼҲ֪Լôؼҵġ
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118 
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119 ڵĶħ
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ɺǹֽڽиҲ⣬ܹ֣
ȻʱٻͻȻ䱩һץסǹڣɺ⧲һ߿֮䣬ĹӲǽǹͷ䣬֮󣬸ǽϻԶԶĶһǹתĴЦŮˣŮˣؼʱô޴
Ȼαװ
ɺŵĿȻһֱˣԱһ˳ֱס˸ɺĺҪ¿֮ʣݺ˵֩Ȼɱ
ɺں޲ѣѿڣɱɱ
ģֵ뵽ͬľˣᵽɺղŵĸܣξ
ϾŮҺĸףѵҪ
ò˵˽ҵĻԼ֪Ҳ׹һҪ֣ڴʱµıʡ
кӰһ衱Ž߹˵ʬ
衣пϲԹôڲ
֪жסɺĲ˵ҶһҾɱ
Ȼϸûб飬˲²ôģһЮָɺ겻Ϻˣ衵ְڽϣҶһԣ
衶ˣҶķǳ̧һָľԼ˳ȥ
һ˭뵽
ӰӾܿĻ氡ľô˳ȥٶȼ죬һҲˣҲûϵһ֣дüģʶĶкâ˸һߵ¶ؿڣľɵķɻƣָһҵĺΪʲôʬ
һҲûлشĲ⣺ΪʲôҶ֣
ĳڣΪŮ˵ʲôϵ
һ仰Զԣ¶Ȼ֮ɫȴûоתΪԹǲɱңɱҾ͵ɱٻǲģ
ȥòҲٴαٻ
˵ʬʧˡ
ٻƺ֪ղŷʲôǱεģǶͷ鼬ֵĸûа취
ע⵽ٻлһ˿Ȼƺ˾


121 ҫ
һҲĹؼһҳʱʬٻʱʬǲˣҸоǸϲðߣٻ۾ƺڷ⡣
Ϊϣȷٻ᲻ͻȻаǶ䱸ԣֻһֱܣٻһ£ɫһװνģ
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ҿֲ˵㣬ٻͷ
Ϊ˷㣬һұݣһ˽ȥٻϣ衺óʬĶͷ
죬ʬ棬ܸǽɫйأЧͼӰģٻһ·˵ܣǱʩ˶
ѩڱϰ棬Ҵչȥ͵ֻаŻᱻסͨûκõġ
ʵ϶ܶ˶Ըаޱȣڶȴвͨ˷һӳǹľܹ׵־ܣҲѧûԭǸִѧ
ң˵ֻǾͨʬѣǳȴǲͬҴᵽʬʬӴȻֶΣҲýңҲͳĵֶΣ̤Щ˼
ȡһöŵĵ裬Ȼѵٻ£콫ȥ˵Ҳ֣ⵤʱƽƽ棬һ˵ĶȴŹ⣬ǹص֮󣬿Ŀĵڳ衵Ķﶯָ𽥿λá
Ӧҿüûסֵ˼ܲ˵ļ߶ͻ谭һ˲䣬ĵ迪ʼȾڣīˮһ㣬ٶָǣһƣգ۾͵˺λá
һֿҴľôģѩ֪ʲôС͵֮ҩ壬ҩڵаȵҩͨں֮ڽȡɽľ裬ڲ˺˵ǰ£̵ֶаӦǲ֮أû뵽˾Ȼᡣ
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ȡˣȻѾͨںڣȳޱȣ衽ֶͰժʬ
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ָƺ«Ķ˵ǱˣԼȥͰľ˴ֵȫŧˮѩ˵а࣬벡һûˡ
Ȼһ˼˵¸һҲ𣿡
ĵĻش𣺡㷢֣üڣѾˣǰȫڵĿѧܹ쵽û⡣
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ٻԼ̹Ȼ·ԤϵЩ˵ǰ˵Ļʹģ𣿡
ҵͷ˵ûסĻǣñһصģڿӦǰһõҽ⸱ģЩʬ͵ģʬ棬ּ亱Ļ֮ˣǸṩԴˡ
ٻսȭͷ֪ˡ
衶ûа취ҸûˣЩƣ׼ȥ̣ѩСβƵøңҲˣΪҲҪ飬ݸһ̣ܾˡ
Ӷң͸ǰ濴ٻƵãһڡ
ѩӣ㿴ʲô
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Һѩ£˲İɣʬŵϹƵϢҲŵҾûôıӡ
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ҸоԼܶҪڹˣҪ޷͸ǾҵСˮģһԼܴȤҾʣҸ֣ҵĸʬˣֻὣֻᵤӻô顣
衵һЦҪ˵ʲôʱ򣬷ȴǴɺĽǸϽȥ
ȴٻѾվڴߣһˮֱĶԼĸ
ӣʲô
ɺҪǰٻԥһԼĸƺһͬʱҲȥ³֣
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ٻŴأվıֱ͸ھУҵһ㣬ϴŽĹâҴСҪһ죬Ϊ̫Ĳƽǲ֪ҰֻͨСҴСǣ̫಻ΪִߣʹǣҸԼұҪıһС
ٻķˣ
ҧ׼ֹ
ȻٻȴǰγĵӣӿѪȴ籡ĹâǱѶҶĮ϶ϸң
˵䣬ֽˮ˽ȥ˳һĺˮһſŵĹ䣬ҲվˣʹĽݼҪҧ飬ѵ˵ұ죬þ죬û뵽ҵִУȴ£ɱȥưȻԼЦ𣿡
ɺˮӿ˳ⲻ㣡
ٻɺ꣬ǵþѵڷɡ˵ҵܹôԸ⣡ҲɱɱųΪֻڰ참ϣ
ˮûڣٻ˵ϣ۾ϵǸ˲䣬˵ԸӦңץסǸĻ֡
ûϢ˲䣬һͬͷӬһ˳ȥҺ޵Ŀѣһ׷ȥ
˳𣬲죡


122 ʵ
ٻ׽֮ĹϵѶ㲻ϣһ̣Ҷ⡣
͸ϾһٻͬԼӦģֻǰʿĺֵ꣬۷壬ǶԼ˳ȥӢۣԼݡ
ȻӢǲֻ˲ӢۣҲֻ֪֪ٻԸҪɣ
˭Ļǵĺң
𰸾͵˽ʱһ·׷ų˱ݣ𣬸һһźȥ棬ŸСβԶԶ롣
ҴϢʵܲ׷
˵Ҫһ
ڴʱɺ˹óԿףϻۣȴǼһ㣬ޱĮ
ҵ״̬ϾٻʦѵĹϵʵô
ɺѾ˰ȫԣѾ绰СˣӽҪģҪһܰ
ϳ衱ָۣŷ
Ҳ²öӦǺϡе·ָ·͸ǶλƵãֻҪ׭ϣֻҪΧһܹ׷
ɺ꿪ķȣȴҲΪٶȣƮļǿŮˣҲٱˣȫܹ飬ԼĸףԼ˾ķʽܸģ
ſţȴЩԾˣطôЩϤأ
̽⣬Ż谵е·꣬дľȻ֣

ұƭ򣬲ЩĸУ˵ѳΪеĽɣ
ѡһӶطȻ˾Ȼһʹǰѵ˵һϵе¶ˣʹ˵صй
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ҡҡͷɫȴǲȻӰˡ
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ȴһɣ֪
վҪû뵽Һʹ˵أȻеڶεľڿЦȻȴǹž޲עҪԣôͲҪӱˡ
Ϥĵ·˴һֵ߱ܶ棬ҵǸ˽ĴСˮǴΰĸףһִѣϾ죬ٻԼ޵ڹԼֵʣֵ쾡£֮£ҾЩ׽ˡ
ҪǸľսĵطˣ˵ʬ
ӾǺʹҴǵݴſãȻһĻʮֻںͣĸ͵ˣʬ׼ڻϿһεεͣžžıչǳԵĸ
ͷһؿһĻˣҵ࣬ѩɺ궼ſڱŻ£ȴֻü˵ʬ
ָĸ͵ˣǾʬ𣿡
ǰҲ֪⼸еļһʲôȴˣʬͼĿܣһʬ壬ע־Ĳл꣬ȻݣԸһЩȽϼ򵥵飬ˡ
صʬ
Ŀƣҵһôص
Ϊʲôô̬飿
Ϊһ죬ɺܽһĻˣϵķУϵĲΪִ߾Ȼ֪һĻЩե͵ʬ壬ǵļ˿϶벻󻹱˴ӷĹڳ
ΪʲôҪ󣿡
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ҡҡͷû˵ȡһСƿӣװҩۣ϶˵㣬˵ڸϢ֣꣬Ǹȥʲô
Ľʳ˹죬Ǻޱȵħԣ˳һ˶֮⣬Ǽҿˡ
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ûиоԹϾû˻ֻ꣬˵ߣһֱá
Ҳĸˣ
Ļ֣ʵԽԽˣ
ӦңǴͷȻЩСģ͸ˡ
겻ͰĹľֻּ䣬Ƿǣһ·ǰУȻ֮䣬衰˰֣ʾǲҪ
ʲô𣿡
ԣȫϸ紵ּɳɳ֮⣬ûκθо
衿һҸ棬ڿԻȥˣǰߣҲ𱣻ǡ
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ѵ˵Ѿо
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ԥ£ʱӱʵڲ񻰣Ҳ˵ͷѩö˵ȻǸҵġ
衲ֆµӣԹԵǰˣʮף˹
࡭
Ƕ˺ܾõĸڳʳһ㣬ѩɺҲˣþ׵ҡ
ʼֻҲ֪ʲôֻøų衼ǰ
ʮľ룬衰γľǰˡ
ҿǰڰУһӰƶʲô
Ȼѩ˵󣡡
紵֦¹߲߰ӳճһɫӰǰɽҰ󣬹ֲýûԭ
һڣǸƵãһԵֻ꣬ȥȴûгǺԽԽˡ
ҿ衵дЩܡ
׵ģľǰȥһԾⶴУ


123 
սȥʮ룬ǲ˵ƵãӶ˳
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ڷ£ڳ衸ܳûãǶѨкȻ䷢һûԹͳޣֻǵѪɱ¾ǿҵĽȸӿŶȾܡ
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ǰͣסΣϣҴղʲô
ԹȫָоԹʱù죬иֵŷҪôǻþҪôǿģģȴһӵоѹĹֻһ𣬾Ƶ
衵ĳûвʬ
֣ȴҵɫ׵ˡ
ʬһİʣʮǱнʬӰʹܶ˻Խʬӳ񣬴Źñ峯ĹٷһһʵϣĽʬôĴʬֻǻѪȣؼҵϣؼдһ仰һҲԸʬ
ɴ˿ɼʬǶôֲ
Ϊʲôֶڣ
ʱʬѾˣֲϴδߵÿһС϶֪˵صĹɡ
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ʵʬҲûа취Ӧʳ衣⽩ʬʲôȼģ
˵ϳëӦǰ׽
ʬĵȼΪϽ׽̽ëɽǣȼУַΪü࣬׺ݵѪʬԹǶʬԱȽʬʬ
ǰ׽΢һá
ϽͰ׽ǵͼĽʬȻжٻܶ࣬»¹⣬õŴ׺ͺڹѪҲá
ֲһ䣺ȴһ滹кܶ࣬Ҹо˸ǿҵʬ˳
˼˵滹иģ
Ҵ˸սʵôҲԸ𣿡
лһĨâҸղû׼˳֮һҪٽȥҪ˵ʲôãˣ뿪ɡ
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ѩ⣺ʲô
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ָǺ˰¿϶ǲеģ˵ǣܴ󣬲˵ٻҵĻǻ棬ҲֻͼĽʬƾϵķ׭СһӦûġ
οһһֱų衣ó
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ǹûӰӵ飬ɺ껹Ҫǣǳ˽ʬǼñҪˡ
˼£ӦҲǻ£ʬԹͬǰʵ壬һЩֶǿԶԸģȴԽˡ
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αֵĵǺģҰ֮󣬲ųŶѨǱ߹ȥݸһŵɫķ׭ϣ˵ǿϢͼĽʬ֪
ǸѨǰ˺衺ԥȥűӣ۾һҲȥˣһȥ͸оܶڽűȥһüһȫ
ɽ󣬺¶ѨˣȻ־ֻǺͨС󣬵һȥ飬Ҳ㹻ľսˡ
ſˮǰҲ˵űǰߣܿ죬¹⣬ҿԶһֻëĽʬţϵļ͸ɿˣЩͷƤһȴͬһ㣬ֻûаǱߣͬһ㡣
ע⵽Щȥмֻͱһҧ飬Ѫģȥ֪ģһڳ
θĸоӿס죬ȥһۣΪг衵ҩԵʣҲǣֻڽűһ·ǰУķ֣˵ؾһԹһĵ磬ʲôʱɵḶ́ص󣬶ѻĶǷ㣬гʪˮζţȫűӡ
ûжãͣסָǰĽ䣬˳ָķ򿴹ȥȻֳһֻʬһβǰëˣϵëʬŵɫתһֻոմӰ׽ɵ̽
̽ѾûкԵˣжٳٻҲŴףѪͻˣΨһ㣬⣬Ǽ⣬ɫʬ֧̫á
ţǿڱϣͫɢĹâߣͬ˺ܶѪб˺ƤëһֲΣҲʼȥѡƤëٳԡ
֮࣬־ֶ֣ûʲô⣬ʬʵҪʳѪʳģΪһֱأ
ǸˣһŲסβͣϸϸۿҲ£ֱƤҴչȥһоȻѪ˿˵ģרιЩʬ
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ȻҲ뵽һ㣬Сĵıֻܹ̽ٶǰߣһ·ԽԽѹ֣ΣյϢŨˣ˼ֻ̽ûб֣Ȼɾ鷳ˡ
Ұǿ࣬ԶҪǰһٶףûеͷԽֲֿѹȸоԽǿ
ࡣ
ʵ𣬱֮ǰҪܶ࣬СĵĿȥȴǿڶʮ׿ĶѨУһֻɿݵֱ̽ץһֻ˶гèĴȥûãþ׽ͷϸ
Щʮֻһſڶ⣬ƺ֪Լڵ
һĻʵ̫֮£ʶĽһ˲ֹͣˣһѣܣ
ȻǶͷǶѨһֲĹųѪ۹⣬ֻһۣͲҵ౬ը
оϣǳŵĵ¶Ѩˣʮףͱһ̽ס˵·ɿݵѪܷɫëɢһɶﻹѪҺ͹


124 Ѫʬ
赽ʲô
Ѳ¶ѨоȻëɣԲܣëڽһ˲ͻ֣ᷢûκη
ëǽʬֲĵȼη⣬ٶȼ죬ܹ߱ڣǸѡ
·̽ǱһɶǿҵɢҲûסһﻮһĨľ̽һ̣ľȻһ㣬̽ĦʱȻһ𻨣ָϽڽϻۡ
ףһа̽ʹȰĴֳų衵ԴץȥóзһͶ˹ȥ̽ץ˸գ˸ְֻס衣ҪĲҧȥ
򣡡
óЯŽɫʬΪʤҧ֮ǰ׭Ķͷ
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սսĹȥժ׭ٶɫʬεϡɲ˷̽ŭ׷ǣһ·ʮֻ̽ɺ۾һ沣еĿ־壬µ󶼲ΣգҴææѨ

ŭһæͳһа˹ȥЧ΢̽˹
統ͷϮŵðסǽڶ£صûǽ֮УʹһקӲǴһʯź¡¡죬Ųһ⽩ʬĹǿֲӵһߣһֻʬ˹
ײײӦһֻ׽⻹ܶԸûӭȥ׽ſ˫֣ƺҪҴм˺룬Ը׾Ƶаͬʱϣͼķ׭ĶԸ̽УԸ׽ЧģıðỤ̋ڵطҾһʯͷԴȥݺݵһ£ҵˣȴȻ׺ݣҺ
̲ס˾໰ɴ಻ȥˣʱں̽սľⷭͬһɣ⻯һĲӰӲ߰˸̽κβá
ȻǿɲʲôҪĽɫѨǸֲԳˣ֮ǰǸҷݵİ׽оȻ¶ֱܵľ֣࣬Щ̽ҲЩɣƺ˼ʲôʶȥˣľջУγ˵ڶѽ
ͨɫǺǰе񣬽϶ԿŹӵģγ˲䣬ϵľͿʼ⣬ҿԸоⶴѨ˿˿ƵԹȻЩĸˣǳһ㣬衽²Բ㲽һµĲ̽˲䣬һն
һĻˣ˲䣬Ȼӿһ⣬ɰκɨ⽣ŷϢ߰˸̽ǵǹ룬ȴȻһˣϱʮ˿ڣ
ܷ⣬Ѿǳϵѧˣؼҵᵽģѧ˺ͣͣΪҪ˵ԵʿУŶԻ˿أȴһ߼˵ţаν˺ֻͣͣǿһԽΪǰٱ֮޽֮Ǻս񣬵òϣǵɱԶʤͨĵš
Ѳɳ衾һޣ֮˰
һ̽ʸһ㵯ŶڷȥⲻļһȻˣҸϽҲܣȻǸֲĹѾˣһͷֻۣһƬѪӰʲô
ѲǴ˵еѪʬ
ҵڴսѪʬǿģ̤׷֮ʱЩǰ̽ƿڴƵöһùļһֱ˺룬֫ɢ䶯
ƺֻߵľ룬֪ԼӲˣ۾һɨиʯңڲԶӰУһʯţҸϽתʯ֮С
ȥ˲䣬ҵǺܸӵģʱѪʬ׷ɱң϶ûˣ룬ƺûѡ񣬵Ը׷Ұɣ
һξңǸߵĳѪʬⲻˬ֮һ·쳹Ѫʬ񱼶ȥЩڵʲôƴӣܴĶڣӲǱסˣ޷ȥһͨϽ۷˻
ѪʬһѪɫɫѪҺɼ̵Ľʲ㣬ڵҲ޷ƣж֮ʣµĽӡһƬɢŵĳⶼǾ綾ɱѪʬĽʬ˴֮Բܱ
öѨĵζòϣһʵĺǿһֽʩչޱȣĲ˸ÿѪʬ϶·ڽϣײֱ֮˻
һȥ֮ⷴóҲЩܲˣֳֽ֣ϡڵƺڲһѾǿ֮ĩˡ
ҵûжԳ֮ǰΪΪǱ̸ʲô飬ͷܲΪաȴˣΪģֻΪҲԳȥˣһֻ֮һ衣ǰȫһЩ
ҰаںܶȭͷСʯͷϣ͵͵ϣζʱʯͷţ̶ֳȵĹѪʬ˵аͲͬˣÿһ¶Ǳһ£ȻʹȴܷŭĻͷ׶۹ŵֶ˶ְʯͷ˳ȥ
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衳û̧һָз˳ȥѪʬͷ֮ʱѣҧݣָѹ磬ĶһûȥѪʬץסҪƬȴ֪⽣ʲôƣȻκβãаķˡ
ؿڣ³һѪѪʬδ񣬳˹ҽʯϣ׺ʯûиҴκΰȫУҾѪʬֻҪһȭͷʯžҪá
Ҳ֪һ㣬Ŵ·﷭һŽɫķֽʯ֮ϣֱҧָ⻭˷׭ҵʬطһɵʱ򣬷׭貵Ĺâû뵽ʯ֮С
ķʯƺ˱аЧϥ£һֶֻʯţ˵һ𣬴߶׭
ҸϽֵ˲ȴΣҲᰡ
ŵĿҡ
̯̯֣ɬ治ᣬ˹Ҳûйܹ߶׭أ
ѪʬѾˣֻһȭʹʯ
ɫһٶһѪ
ҧҧ˵ƴˣ


125 
衼ֲ˺ܳʱ䣬ѪʬƺǺܼңʵÿһεײǶĴݲУóĽԸֵǹĹʵЩ׽⡣
Ҹ߳衣һԼǽǣ۾
һؼҵϿǲȷԼܲʼձһֵǵ̬ȣǵڹϣʵǹܲˣתĹԺһḥ̂УĥԽԽܹϸ΢·
衵ʱȻһ˿죺һҪʲô
Ҫһܷ飡
˲Ͳ֪ԼĵжҺԼ𣬵ұѡһǱȣôԸҲϣÿһҵƴֻΧۣ˱ĸоʵǲã
ĥǣеľĹԾĥȫ۵˲䣬ҵһſŹӵĶŵ峺Ƴоҵĥ֮ǰδֻǿţһҪ˺ѵĸо
ҧҧһĥ֮С
ҵͬʱһõĥʵ࣬ŵͬʱ⣬ĥתĥһ㣬ҵ˲ͽʳƬ
ʹ࣬޷屾ŵģڱϺһһ֫ʶŤţŵʱͷһس֮ͬɫе˼
ѪʬȻײţҲ۾ȫ֧ŷ׭˵ϣܹɹɡ
˿˽ҵȻᷢҵѾˣĥĥͬϸɳת֮ʱҲоʹˣǣҲûоǿ٣Ϊҵûں쳾ľ顣
ûϵʱ֤ǰĲˣҽ֮ǰСŮ۵ľʮſżƬᾧժһţͶ뵽ĥ֮УһȦ֮ٶȸоʹ࣬ʹײǽȫʶΪ
ʹ֮ҸоԼһΡ
еԼһɵӡ
ĩڣңһũҵɵôܻȥأ
ҵĸĸˣɽĵ֮£ûˣҪڽͷھӼҵһڳԵġ
ƶСӣƺ̲ĩһ˿飬ҼһԼѻȴźòʣµĿɵӣ˵ɵӶȥ
ǸɵӣֻɵǺǵЦű˵ĺôҲûелܶЦûĵİǣǲ֪ʵǵú˭ҺãĿ
ֱһ죬ɽٴ٣ɱӣЩҺܺõĴȫˣѪȾÿһֵϵķ϶ڷϣȻɵǺǵЦš
ɽǶɱңеʳ뿪˴ӣڷϣһֱ֧ȥˤҿķǴѪĵط
ҵԹܴҪȺɽ𣬿ϧһùӽװߣͬҵʬװʬ壬˽Ĺ֮У븴ȴӲȥԹԽԽֹɱȡ֮ļ䡭
һɵӵһǰһǵɵЦ벿Ѫɱ¾ļͬеһУͬĥĥңҵںϣ缢ƿʵɵеҲɵЦһȻɵӵô
۾һ˲ɣԼʱеңͬļ佻֯һֹĲʸУҵ꣬ȴѾǿ࣬һҶڶǸǿĿܿ
ڳ衱ϣֳͬǽڣԴڷ׭Ҹոһ˿΢Ĺȫˣ⣬ǡѹյһݣ׭׵ȹˣ۾˵ʮĸСʱֶʮĸСʱûǣôֻܵˡ
˵꣬ͷ˹ȥ
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ѩʵô졣
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ɺסȭͷҪ㱨ϼ
ѩף㱨ϼ֮ô
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һǰһţ복ӲԶʱѩһηʡ
ǽʬܿ£ҵĹƳ涼κβǣӾȥˣҲûа취
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ôֻĴˣըҩɽƽܹð취
ѩɫ䣬ѾǰǸʲôСŮˣôĵӣô飬Ѿִ֪˴ķʽɺ˵ĺпʵ֣ѩʵôô죿档
ɺżԥӦѾˣղˡ
ѩҡͷûпʬ壬ôܶ϶أ
ɺһķ̣˵ûôҲˣҲôΣյĵطȥõѡ񣡡
Ļ˵꣬Ӿͱһɫưҧһڣɺֱӻ˯˹ȥ
ѩ˵˵ʲô£ֻںһˣԣԲ˽㣬㻹˯ɡ
֮ǰµֻѩһ롣
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126 
յʯ֪Ѿȥ˶ã衵˯ȣ˯ԵܹŹ֣ҹļһӦúڱǰ¶ԼĴ
ҲұۣΪһѪʬߡ
֪ȥ˶ãת۾ֻһ˲ãϾɢˣһں÷̬˵˵ôͣôƫƫһûȫС
Ŀң˭˵ûаȫС
Ҵ˸Ƿӻȥ˵װˣҲ˶ˣͷǸװʲô壿
оâ䣺ܣ
ؿߵʯűϣͼһ죬ȻʯŸո춯ͬʱһǿҵѪζӿ˽ֲ𣬳衸Ͻţ׭ȶѪʬĵ˻
һ䣬ڷ
ˣǽ˯Ժһ󣬳ȴͻȻ˵Ҳ
°֪ͣҲ
ͻȻüǲ룬ǲܣһкܶûԲ
ûлشһ̫ǿңǾûشûʲô塣
ģֲ˵㡣
ǲϰˣ衻Ӧ˲һ˫۾ҳŭƫƫ˯ˡ
ǽĿŹͺͺʯţĹâӼᶨ𽥱ûɢӸʧ䣬Ϊ˯ţҺźĴ⺱һĻ
ѹʱ򣬷ֳ衻֮ǰƣֻǶ˶ƤĿ;ңĽģһͷһؼЩڻҰʳҰҲ˰ɡ
˸˯˶ã
˵Сʱʮӡ
Ҿʵô׼㻹ű
ҡͷֻϰʱ䡣
ͷĻֱҡͷǹˣʯţֹѪʬǲѾ߿ˣȻȴЦ˵ѪʬΪ׶ͼǳ𣬿϶Ǳʯţ뿪ġ
£̾˿ù
ǵʱ˰ɣ衵ĻԵöʱǻ᱾ܵ¶Լһ棬衺ңƺͨ˲һûоʼν˵Ѿǵڼ־ˣϰˣԣɣҲ˵ǸѣӲҲѡ
СˮأСŮ
ֻת룬ʬԹȫһĶСŮôԶҲκε˽ʬѲҪˣ
衵ࣺܶΪֻҲŻ
չ壺Ҳ밡ǱƵģѡĻڳﵱ죬źȿͷá
һĬˣͻȻ򿪻ϻǺֲܿģͷһؾóе㷳߶߶ʸͣҲģҾͺ̸ţҲǶõʱ̰ɣƽʱЩԸ˵ĻǶ̹Ȼ˵˳Щܡ
ֵһֱ˵ңҲ˵˵Լɡ
ԳһЦʲô˵ġ
Ц˵ܶడĸ䣬ٱľ
Ϊ衲ὲģû뵽ǻˡ
ʮǰ衳ң廹ϾɵĴͳȢ檣衵ĸףǳҵʱ峤ĸףȴֻǸ檡
ռĹأΪ𣬿ƫƫ衵ĸǸ檣ʱȴδУ檳Ǹεĵλڼûи衵ĸ־ʬԴС衺ĸ׾綼˱䣬޵ĵӣĵܵܵļޣǵĳЦȻųӵ壬ȴûеõӵĵλ
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ֱһ꣬˺ܴѩʬĸΪ۷˸գ©ľլͦСС޵ǰϣܹõһҩԼʱסůķӣӲǲᣬСʱ֮󣬳ۿҪˣŷſ̬СƵð˸˴ȥֻǻȥʱһжˣǸҹʧȥĸס
׻δޣݲϯų衵ĸˣͼûã檳ӣ޲ϲĸףҲĸӣҹһ˽ĸ׵˳ϯ͵˹ܼҵǮһײģΪĸ֮뿪˳ңҲûлȥ
֮Ǿ֮ˣһû˵ں쳾Ĺ£ԵɺϣսҲעɣվ߳Լĵ·Ȼǳ֮ˣһ£ȴҲгҵӰӣʬٱǽɫʬ
µ㣬ȫ޸飬˵һ޹ص£ţȴǸеᣬ˭뵽ߵ»Ĺ£ҲⱲֻôһΣͬľĹ˵ô࣬Ϊ֤ߡ
˵ʱҵĿѾôˣƺ˴˵ľࡣ
Ҳ֪УҲ֪ôƴҪʲôо϶кܴ룬˵Ҳ㽲°ɡ
£Ǵģһ˽޳ֶ񶾵ļһÿÿҺܾᣬ衾ţϵĵµʱȴѾĮʵҲĸײôĮҲпԣֻϧƺ˷ЧûзκθԣֻЦ˼
һ죬һеĽǷҵģһҪ
еĹâٴμᶨ
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޷ǳһȼֱ޷
ʯңͺ֣طʯңֻ˵ǰڴţʬι벻żȻһģҪιʳʱ֣ѪʬʱӦûݵ뿪ǵĻᡣ
˵⣬衱۾
̾һǶĲˣʲôûˡ
Ҳ֪ʱĳɵɱأһձȴŴͷϹȫǷһǿֵǮ˫۾ͻᷢǸŮĻͲֻǷˣˮˣǸͺӣ׼ȷ˵ǸаɣᣬʮͣһīЦʱ¶ס
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127 ͻΧ
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ûʳûˮϥţҲûţɹ̵ɵӵļ֮ҷԼǿ࣬Ҳ˵ؼҵϵЩƺʹˡ
Ϊ֤һ㣬̤˸֮ǰһδ̤꣬ұͷۻܲסʱҲֻǸоƣѣ˵ĥ·ȫеͨģ
ҷ·ҵİߣٴһż䣬һΣһͷǸСۣΪһ㼦ëƤС¶󶯸λԹ¶һҾ֮УͷʱԸо˳Ϊ̫󣬲֮ǰɵӣ˼ͷļʧһ˺ܾãԼ˭
ַʽ̤޵Ĵţʵ˽ݾҪסݾôߵģȫˣ͸˲ſԣһʧԼֲͬļһӡ
˵ļʶȻ֪ʲô
ҵ˵ͷʵڸղҾѾоˣеǹůһ¶ϲɫôãڻ̤Ĵţ𿴼ˣһᾪɡ
ûǼʱ䣬ļСʱȥ˵
ûôõյǽϣϸϸĽŲǺСģΪ̫࣬Եö֪ˡ
ѵ˵ιʳʬʱˣ
ҵʵ
衵ͷѪʬһصԼĶѨȥʳҪû뿪
ĥܾİ취ҲΨһĻᣬٵȴˣȻ˵Ѫʬ֣ǾҪˡ
ҿųʵģ治˭ô̬ʬЩҲǹصġ
˵ûпЩԹģǰǵ۾ĶѪ죬õԹ£ѾˣǱ˿ЩʬɣЩ󣬳Թ֮⣬Ϳɣ˵Ǵ󲹣ڽʬ˵ǣֲﾹȻѪʬҲ֪˶ٴ󡣡
ëȻµ˵ڻû¶棬ƾЩĽʬҪƵ·ţ治֪Ǵ˳ָжôĿֲ
ȴЦʬֻЩаħ֮ǰǶһ֮ѣԼʵЩаûЩʬʲôǣҪΪûгƲǣأ͵͵һС
ϸĥһ˵Ҳмֵ
Ķ𽥵ļˣƺ˽ŲԶȥ衿ʯϣʹ˸ɫȻһ϶ĺĽʳϴ
Ѫʬڣ
Ƶ˾໰ȴǾòԾ˵ʳûѪʬôһһ뻹пܣٴΰŷȻԶŸ̳̽˵ѪʬѾеԼȥԶҸСǡ
˵Ǳһɱ̽ɵȻһ·嵽档
һɱ̸ףǵǹ̽
ǿɬȴû˿֮⣬γصĵѽǽɫģͨ·ƽ죬ѽֺͬ沢ûģֻһѵĽ𽣣ҵȴо̲Ű
ṳ̂Ĵţ϶ǲģ𽣷·һ㣬һֺܹĸоǽסŸ
Ӧǳ衵Ĵܣûа͵˼һóаҧָѪа¹գһ߹һҸоԼոճʵһֿµٶȱգվ˾ŷ׭
λ֮ڵУģ֮𣬾žŹһȵȣɴ˿ɼֵĲףѪΪѾаһ𣬱γؼҵĵ
ʹ˸ɫȻʯţѾܾõ֮һ㱬ڽʳ̽ӦѾܿˣͷ­ѸתȻ衵Ľ죬΢΢һ𣬾Ľһ̽Դͱն䣬ӻڶͼץס衣ȴնķѣҲá
һƺ˳ȵߣ
ҧϣһǰһųڷɱⱲҶûôŵ²Ҳˣ;ܶ̽Ͱ׽衵Ľ𽣵һƬƬĽ⣬Ǳˡ
ˣھǰ
ǾȻʽȴǼתֱ£·֮ǰ˿ⰲŵһڳ棬Ȼվʮ̽ëڶڴµķ΢΢ڶһ˫ɭ͸ź⡣
ǸĻ֮ˣ϶Ѿˣ
ҧ촽ѵҪһ
ȥҲ
ҧ⣬һѪڽϣһ˲䣬оѽ貵ĽɫУһζ˾֮࣬һɺǿҵѹ
ѪĳЩήңĿȴһļᶨһɨ貵Ľ⼸ͬٲһк£һƬ̽ӭϵ˺ѼͿһƬƬõѪɣضǶɢỊ̇ҽ֮ǰõľŵѪָڿоͷɫĹâ

ЩŵĽе
顭ŵըӲǽų衵Ľ˺һ·̽˿衵ӯĳǰȥҿȺ̽ĿǷëģɹͳʣҲôˣ۾ǰܡ
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ų衣ǳޣŵĴֵҳֻһײ衾ͬߵķҸϽ𣬳ƿ·ԼղűѪʬеĵطѾ࣬ɢ
ҲĺݣһͰһѪⶼˣֻʹ࣬ȴûнг·ס˿ڣŽվ˵ҪǸϾɱ𣿲µǻѪʬʳӳԹѪʬƣ


128 Ļ֮
Ѫʬɲ˼ʱ䣬ѲŵǱ޷ǳ衣̤Ŀ񱼶ɢŨʹѨͽʬ͵ؽƿԼҲڵһ
Ѫʬ˸գһͷײǽڣӲҳһδ󶴡
ŭԺһ˸ؼҵϼصĶԸʬֶΣϧûһõģ˵ûУֻҵʵ޷ʩչЩĵ顣
ȴôãվӲȥ
ȭͷ߶ȵĽţѹƵĶҲ˸յļ
衿δ󶴣أղ˵ķ·ȫûаʹ⣬𽣲ڵϣ˫ѸٽӡԽԽҲ˹âһҿĺȻһΣܿǼ룬衲ָΪһָ죬һָŴ󶴣ȵһ
䣬ϵľҲʶԴɳһѽһһָڽһĨѪҺʹХ󶴱룡
һֿİҾ˵ĵģȻôǿֶΣһҿ֣Դɽɣڵʢ֮ʱֻŵӲɽͳû뵽衾ʩչ˳
ȻȴþòӦ֮мžһƬ·ţ뺣ûаӦ𶯵ſڵǰ棬ǡ
Сģ
Ҵһָų
ȻһʯͻȻѪʬצĳɺʬһ㣬ž綾ĶųϯȥķӦѾ㹻ˣԾǽһ㣬ѪʬͷʱХСβһ׷ѪʬĽͬһ㣬Ѫʬıת籡ѪʬһϺɫĽʲѣض룡
ѪʬУץסһľΪףΪΪ꣬ıа֮𿪣Ѫʬǿɴ಻ȥˣ˸âֱų˹ȥܺãκζѨλ̫СߵʱȴѪʬץסףѪʬһͷҪȥҧҿĴ󾪣һʯͷͳԴȥ
飡
ͷСʯͷֱѳƬѪʬ۲ȴŭתüιǳһײҸоԼİ߼Ҫˣĵɳȥ֮³Ѫ
һ飬ػǸߵĻᣬһֻѪʬԴһȣ֮ͳǽɫʬѪʬԴȥ
ʬǿƽʬĲ֮ɫķ׭âѪʬȻδѹӰ첻С֮˲佫衶˳ȥҪҺܶ࣬ƿڴǽϣһǽƤ
ҾԼôһ£϶Ѿ͸ˣȴȻҲܣǲӿѪҺӲǽһѪ˻ȥƴȫն飡
ѪʬŵѽȻɢ˷ĽȡѽֱûѪʬڣֳͬķ˳Ѫʬ˺¶յĴ󶴣ҾһʶǸĻᣬøղ³ѪˣڱϲϵĻаа֮ҳѪʬܹȥȻشȻ
ԣ
ұ˴ֿڣŷ׭һŶĬ
顭ÿһѪʬͻζһ£˳Ųصײǽϡ
ܹȥ衣ŬǻȴǾʹÿһʹһ֣ѪʬѾƵĲӣٻѽ»С
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ŭһų衾ӣǣ鷳ֳˣѪʬȻʱˣ̽أ
ʮֻ̽ǰ棬һֻֻ¶˼㣬״̬˵Ǽʮֻ̽ǵЩҲ޷Ӧԡ
ǳȴӲǰγ˵ս
ҿ۾ӿ糱ս⣬޷ѾֵزˣΪʲô㻹Ҫս
ͬʱַһֵ飬ղųҵĹǺؼ׹ǵλãǺ˼ͷ֮ǰôʹ࣬ڣݽȥĲλƺڲϵĻָ壬ֳŵ
ˣʲô
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ؼʱ̣ȴϤ
ŵǸåʵĴ𣺡ſŪӵծѾǮ𣿡
ӻɫĵ۴Ӷ̧֮һָǷƣ⣬ʣа֮ʮ㣬ǲų衵̽˲ķѡ
ѳ衷˵һμ棬Ҳ֪ΪʲôҸокĪһ𻨣һѳǶһ㶪һԣ˵ǷǮģ
ſڵϣѵ֡
ң˵ģղϴˡ
ָų衣ҪҾ͹ˡ
˵𶺣ҪҸһˣС̫ˣС
ǱߵĳЦ˵˭ˣ
ĺһ㲻ˣ㲻˻Ҿȣ˵ǮһôҲʮǮɣͷûҡ
˵ã
ɵˣǰһϿЩѹͣһóҪìʲôģ˭òأˣͷһؼ棬û˵ôˣȻ£ӳ衵ķӦԿͬˬ
ֱܾԺҲףΪλѾǺˡ
ѩҲò˵Сϵˣѷָѩ٣ǸİСУðưϵTģϻһϴ˵㡣
ҶĶӹ죬һ۾ͶϴСȴƵ˼ɲǸԵġ
Ҫ˵û˾䣬ԶѨüһһ֮ǰصѪʬҲĿǱߣվһ𣬿Ѫʬ֣ÿһҪҺͳ衶ԸǿĶ࣬һߴѪʬļϣһСĻ̫ţ۾СгĹâ
Ȼҵı˳Ǹ


129 
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̫ŷϸЦǿʶˣˣϵζҵЩǵãô㲻֪˭𣿡
ʱŷ֣ĻﻹһֻɫĴ󣬸èһſţΪĵĿ˹ȷһеĻ֮Ӧþ̫ţϴ׷ҵЩһֻӦﱧŵġ
ҵĻأΪҪô
Һ޵Һͳ£Щйصôᱻ̵ɱٻ˿ϧġ
̫ԶǣԺνĽҵʣɰͰ͵ִӿڴ﷭һɫСƿӣƿǴһһöϤϢӿ˳ҵһǣԹĵҡ
ǶѾˣڶҵĶͣһɱңһҪǸۣ
Ц˵㸽ٻϣҲֻǼѣ˵߶ȴû˵УȻһԹԹţҲ㵽ʲô˼Ҳûе㣬ΪʲôҪָʹҵĻ£
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Ŀѣ϶Ȼ̶ֳȣϴЩ£û뵽ȻҵĴˣһֱǺ޵ڡ
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˵ʱģģ̫һױסһ죬ָ㶮ʲôʬɵĲ֮أӡ֤ѧСӣҸ㣬ˣһҪͣιЩ
ԣлһ˿âȻ̲ߣһԼѵ˵ˣȻʬɵžͲӦôϣ
ʬɣа֮һ˻꣬ռ˵ʬ壬ɽʬȻһĥ۷ʱڵʬɣһֻɽǿܹݺصĿ´ڣֻʱı仯ʬ𽥵伣ˣʮûйаɵϢûͱײˡ
̫ŹЦЦЩڼļһﲻʲôѨӪʮ꣬Щ׵ıһĽ֪ʲôŽǿ󣡡
·ΪӭĻѪʬһͬͭƵǱ֮ɫ
һֻ˵ѪʬҲҡҡλεվʼնų衣ǼǺˣԴˣ衱һߡ
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ССֹţʦѾʩչǽĵزˡ
ҿСͷĪúʵʲôǽ
СеҲɣʵ˵ǽֻҹʩչǵаֻɱ̫أҪá
˵ҡҡͷһڳСͷ룬ڻᣬ۶
ѩקסҵ½ǣ޺޵ĵңеΣͷҿ
ƭӡ
ƭɶˣ
˵ųġ
ҿ϶ųȥǲһ
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Ķ˵˾䣺лл
ѩɫҲ࣬ҿЦ£ȴǷǳɣҲ֪ΪʲôɵϣҾһĪİǳദĬ
ѾѪʬһˣǰеֻһ㣬ΪľҲųһĹʣÿһǣŽϵģǿҵа֮⣬һ˶սѪʬʱھȻ·硣
̫ƺܲ㣬ָһѪʬҲսסˣеСͺ¿˭㣬æ
Сд˸飬ЩİڵϣһͷĶţƺ͵һֱˡ
ڣѪʬս֮⣬˫ֺʮӷ𡣡
̧ͷ֮ʱǽ⣬ȵϲ֮ɫȻŭĿգ


130 
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ǧ֮ʵˣԴҪһˣ
Сģ
Ҵ󺰣ȻȴǲܣŭɫϽţѪʬͬʱȻĽײǰ죬ץסѪʬǽȻصҵϣ
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ҵ°Ͷˣ˵һ⣬⣬⡭
ҿǸ㣬һȵС
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ϥŵĳ衱⶯ѣ˵ǷµķСȻ򵥣;޳ŭĿշ࣬ǰһȻǷŵĻһ
Ŀ۳衣˵˲ģû뵽
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ҵ۾ɵùԲǻԸ⣿
̯̯֣κҪ˵ʲô⴩óԲóԣ˼϶˵óԣ֮Ƶĳһһ٣㣬ǰòᣬĶ㣬Ҫ
ֻģ߶治Ǹʵתһ£
ѩ˵ˣ磬˵Żƣ޵ԵŽǼ磬󸻴ֻҪйˣתġ
ʵҲ֪ģֻͷһؼһʱ̫֮档
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ҿżֱӾĿڴͷһӷ񣬿϶кöüּıͷȻɰһӦҵҰŵֱⷨӵƬ۵ţѹ׵ı
Ҳȥһһĵţȫɷĩʱҽɰԥ£֣һھҧȥһۣҼѪɰʼָҵ͸ƵãˣɵˣȻ쿪Լ𣿡
ʱѾʼҪǱзΪ𣬱𣬿ˮľޱȣɱˣ𣬿аˮˣɷľˣʬ»ȻѪʬѾ»ĳ̶ȣҵĹȻЧġ
ҪľںܿԪſɣ֮ʱȵӿӶɳˣָҽ͵ܣôԻѵ̤еĴţֻǸͨˣôܣ
Ͼȥ֮ͣʱҵҲɴʱ˳սţ̤ΪЩѪʬҽ˳ȥ
׭аȻЩѪʬȻըʮŻ䣬סѪʬĵ·
ṳ̂Ų仯֮䣬Ѿé֮ɫ¶һɲɣӦûϴεǸǰ󱲵ĽǾˣѾһˡ
é֮ʩ֮˵ҪܸߣʵԽǿҲԽӳʵҲһȻûлˣλǰʵȴ࣬˵ϴζԸֻĳɣôھɡ
бЩѪʬ˵ͻգ˶аħʬһ
𳤽ΪԲɫĹâڽ˸̧һָһȦ⾹ʵһ㷭γһŽɫԲԽΪʣճһɫ·γһ֣
Բֱӳҹȥϵ֪˭ǹؼ
źëͬѻһеȻҶң
ӡͬһɫĹâѪʬǰȥԲײһ룬ûѹϣһնѪʬȴֻһ𻨡
аȥǱɵģé֮ʱ䣬ŭĿշҲ֧̫ãһߣͳ군ˡ
ּֿ˵֮ͨȻƴ֮ʱȴûãһʩչġ顱ѻ֮ҪԪģ϶ǲܹʹõġ
ٸһʱ䣬϶ܹæģ
İޣԼٴһ㣬ôҲܶ࣬Ҳܲ뵽սмˡ
ڣֻǻһҾѾûֶˡ
ʱһֱϥŵĳͻȻۣľָ࣬һУҲս֮䡣
ֲĻָ۾ɵùԲһǣһֿңһȺ
ȴûע⵽ǸһֱڶսţС۾ɨǣʵȴѾ˾һѪʬǳǿ񱼶


131 ѩܣ
а̸֮ʲô񷨣ż˱סͬʱǶǣһ˫ңСӣ쵽ʱˣ
Сģ
һԮȴֻѪʬһǰһļס޷
ҵĸԹԣ
𾪽һƵܲҪĶѩ
㿪
һѣԼһ߹ȥѪʬǸղվĵطȥֻһײǡ
ŸŻɫĴ󣺡ˣһȫ
˵䣬Ѫһֱ˳ĿȻңצ¶ϴŻζҷܣצڵץһ׺ۣŵòᣬǱץôһ£϶ѳܣҿצЩڣƺǴо綾ǼᶨҾԲܴľġ
ԣɱɱ
ҵһڱҡź޲Լɱҡ
С𣡡
ѩûȫָľ˳֩ѪʬҲû˿⣬ŵԾȥɫ˿쳣ֱͣӵŵĺԣŭ֮£һҧ£ֲĶȫע뵽ŵڡ
Цȥɰ׳գ
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ҧ˻ܰȻѩҲǻˣָһ㣬ŵĽеİԼƳ˶ˣ
ЦָԼĹգôܸѪʬӴҪ޵еıԼҪۣʮǰѾʼԼ߶ȵĹƶԴȻĻ𶾣ҶܣڵѶԶûиоˣΨС֩룬е˼ȻҸо̼
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ѩĵĴУСң
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Ц㲻ҶС
Σʱ̣Ҳ˲սһţʩչé֮ڶʱսǼǿģֱУսһһѷɽ紩һɷ裬ζѪʬСУȻһѪʬڱ򣬻ŭĿյһѪʬѹƵûƢ
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ѩҡҡͷղѪʬѪǶģзȻû£Уǰڣǿ϶Ҳʬڱڳ˯޷״̬ź׵ˡ
۾ҵķ򣬴ǿҵĵǡ
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ȴ֪ʵҲڷΪԼѪʬѾ㹻һ鷳ˣûȺȴһһ̬ȻӲѪʬ·磬ܲǲǼʮȥһôˡ
Ȼ֪é֮ʱƣҲֻǷСֻתĻ϶뷨ֻҪټƬ̣ǾҪȫ군ˡ֪һеȴ⣬ԽԽϧǲԸеַյģѾ˴㣬ȴǲɫټѪʬ񱼶ڳһҪȫɱģ
ѪʬһΧȻǼֲסģСŭһæԥҺ˺üὣ󣬵ȵעʱ͵ȴһԾץ
Сģ
ҵǰ棬ذ׳۾̹ȥֻһƣͽҴĵɶƿ·һںڵӡѾ˾綾³һںѪǵĿȥâ˸Ҳе㻨ۣɴһץѩȻѪʬ֮ϣѪʬ֮ǰǸ˵ѪʬܹһͬѨ
ֻǾݵĻɽģˮһúдСѾͷģ


132 Ҫ
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һԾҪ׷ȥɫȴǼ仯ڰ
ҿеĲɣ֮ɢȥӦǻعԼ
СҲǽɢȥڵϾһɥԻǺԣʧĵļҪᡣ
衻һı䣬ϰôǰ¶ԼĴǽǣһֻǰԼ˿ڡ
˵Ӧңóҩ裬ҵȥΪһѪͼɢϵĶɢʱһ£ܴо綾һֱڲϵĿѪ
ҵ۾ȴʼʧķһзĶ̫ͻȻˣѩȻô°ˣ
Щ콿οɰѩΪضľǳʹһںѪֱӾͻ˹ȥ
ʱѾڽ׵ĲˣҪȴѹǧصãſŸŮˣʶĺѩ
ѣȻǸɺ꣬ҵȥԳһЦʹ֪ûѡ㣬ҲӦıɡ
Ҵʼնûйֻʱأ֪˯˶ãôʱ䣬ʬѩӦѾû˰ɡ
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ϢĺܺãûκεĿֻţɺȴ֪Ȼʮսʿ棬ȻŴֲѪʬ뿪ˣлʣ²̽׽ӵֻܶըҩŽǽ
ʼͶ뿪ˣæѰѩټøɺչң֪һкһþæѩ𣿡
⿿ǣڴ룬룬Ӧûࡣ
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ҳסû뵽Ѿ⵽̶ֳȣѩ°˲˵СˮҲ˱仯Ǳߵ׷ʲôڴϣǸһ˵ǾСˮˣ޷ֱҪܣ
УҲԸ⣡
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˸ǿ˵иķӣԴʱڣܣǵûôߵĵУҲ԰ڳǵƣΪȡµҪ춯ȥѰΪⶾķӡ
ǵģֻԴǶʷؼҵҲأǶ컯飬ʩ߱ҪģΪҰǵƣȻأҸжȴůҵȻ䣬ôѩأ
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ҳĬ˺ܾãȻЦʶҲһˣһ⣬ҳ£Ϊ붼ϾɻϹ
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133 
ջ˵ǣ׼ȷ˵ҲûжôǿҵĿܣҼּ£ҲǷ˱Īࡣ
ԺǸɺģҽߣ˵ҵΣҪסԺʵ˷ʱ䣬ȻǾܾĺ⣬ҳȥ
·ϵʱң֪֪ǸװƵСʲô·
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˵Ҳȥѯʣ۾Ϣ
ҹʮʱԶϽǷһ·ÿһҪһ䣬һѻֽңڲ
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ҵ˵ͷ˵ʼɣ
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ɻ֮ʱڰлŲһĮĳ߹Լľ
֮󣬳衾ϥ£Ҳ˵
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134 
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ҰԼĸǣ֮۶أԲɹƳɽǾѡ
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ȷпܡ
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ҵϢȴһ׳š
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ʵҲָоǲ̫Լ˭ӻģкܶ˸һԴȴԽԽʹշſ˵ϡ


135 ˹
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ҵĺˮֹסʣĨһѣĶˮγнҺҵʱˣ


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138 䣡
ڶŻëתһȴʲôûУͷתʱȴҾͽǰߴͶӰ֡
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˲ѩǰƣҪԴȥ


139 ѩ
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Ľʱ䵽ˣЩȵСлع鵽˱Ŀһžͽ߿վѩȥ

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һѣɱѩһӵģ
ȰһֻֻŽǴǿӲֶˡ

Ѫ죬ҾнɫĽɢǿҵɱһͳŶնȥ
ۼսͳ衶ǶΪңº֣ÿγȥʮ;Ҫջĳɣһȫ֣һǿȻһĿȻ
ֻǼغϣ˾ͱҴõɶ˫սźݺݴ£ҵĴۣ

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Сʦ壬䣬һҪƶعҡ
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ץļݺݵڵϣȻһ˲䣬ǱסҵСȣ⾲䣬޷ֱ꣬ͷʹѣһڻؿڣƺһȻøˡ

ۿЩʪ󣬾Ҫ
Ȼȴסûõģǰеģһһţ󣬰ƥ
ҶԿİ취ֻһǾǽԼķŭһȭһȭķйȥһ̲Ѫϱ鲼꣬Ȼȴʼռᶨ
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Цѩȴǳź
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ѩȭͷǿˣƻôãˡ
ʵʼ̫ʱҾ֪ңֻΪ˱ȥӣͬˣһһûѡ񣬵ʧ֮ɶţûң˵ʧܵĳͷ
ѩһʱҾ͸ԼһҪˣţʹţţ񶾵ԣҪĵ߹Ҹᴴ漣ΪԷһҪһ֣ˣ޴ļһȻˣҷѩһʵϣ֪ѹûҪֻڵȴȴѩʶɢұס壬ܵķɽ
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̯֣ѪɫĲģһƯѪССбĲϵ۾Ȼ£ɭмĲǣ


140 Ҷ
ҩĲϣѾ˽ʬϣ֪ʲôĿֲ
ѩǹճ̵Ц⣬̧һָϾǳֱһӵԼٶǰȻǺҵġ
Ȼ죬и˸죬衷ɽʣǰ棬Ĳײ棬Ƿſ¶Χٶȫ𣬵ǲδɢǱԹĲա
ðѪĲϣͷ𽥳һöڲϵ죬Ҫһǡ
УҪֹ
˶̤ǣɣ˵ĻҲؿվһʺĭշĲ϶˹ȥ
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ܲصһ
Ļ˲䱻˳ѩڵϣһңȴǾ뵽
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ҳûһڣǲʵ𽥵ʧع鵽ƽ


141 ϣ
ϴɶǣʵ̫ڼ򵥣ɢûжĵֿͱҳɣκͶǲһȻҲΪһˣĶһȴȫȫɣһ֮ѹڶǵĿƸǿˡ
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Ҷ˵ѩݲͣûа취ΪļһԡΪ׼ȷ˵ѩϵʬʵԴڱƣֻҪ˱ƣʬȻǸʱָܻˣϵĶǾҧģ˶置ֻҪ㹻ĴۣҲܽⶾ
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ӷ𡣡
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ڱϾţȻ˼ӣȴӹͷЩ׵˵ΪʲôĻǲأ
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ͷҡҡͷٴ䣬Ȼֻ˼ʮ룬;ʦ壬ĻĲˣѵѾȥֻ𣿡
ֻأҿŵĲҡͷ˵Թôأֻܸأ˵ӦûδŶ԰
Źǣʱһԣ˵һŵĻǣҪȴӦҲˣɱ
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̫٣޴Ӳ²⣬ÿ˶һСġ
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ƺ˵
ָоԼһȭ޻ˣֹû㣬Ƥ񡣡
һƣ˵ҵֵܣԺĻٱ˵ˡ
ϸ衵ȷǾȹҼΣʵװ˿׽Ϊʧȥ˺ܶ࣬ҸϧԼӵеġ
Ȼƺ飬˵Ҫԭܼ򵥣һ鷳ߣΣգΣմսսʵܹߣҶ置ȷܺ档
置Զȥİ취ֻǷɻȻȴָ⣬ѩôϷɻأ
һĪչڴʱɺ˵绰һš


142 Ͼ
ţ
ʸɺ꣬˭ţΪʲôɺ˵֪ûŵַдȴҡ
΢һڼĽҵ˵ѵ
ҶԸɺ˵ȥ㣬ȵȵȰɡ
Ҷϵ绰Ǹϻ˾Ƶ꣬ѩ״Щ⣬֮ǰΪڴæҲûϸ۲죬ٺ֮ǽѩƽڴϡ
׼ŴףҶˮ
衽ʬ쵽ѩıӵ̽̽˵ãϢ֤ǻŵģøʬΪסʬ·ϾʬѹƣӦò⡣
ҵǵѩ촽ѾϣԲ˸еɫʵ𣿡
衵ͷָһŴףֱѩıǻ䣬̦·ЩȻҶպˮ黺ɨ£Ҷڶˮϻһּ
Ҹʬ֮һʬʮ˴󹦣ʮСʩչʮСеʬΪ˻Щ֮˵Ļǡ
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ӦѾԼ쳣ˣԼļָףǻ̿֡
ץסǿеı⣬˵û£õģҡ
ңĿԣǲԣȴѾ˼¶һ˿Ц⣬ܹɵĵ˵ͷؼˡ
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ųһ亹һͷٿĲ裬ƺָֻˡ
ѾʼȲˣַҲߣٴ͸ŵƻ𣬿ɵϱȻǵͷȴ͵۳źȲˣϷʵĹâʶãҲôˣһ˵Ҫȣ
ͻȻôһ£Ҷˣüûж룬ˮ˳
ǲë
վָҡ
ȻҵȴǶĲˮ
ľʵĵذ壬Ѿð˰̣Ũڸʴһ㣬ҶǱгƬȻ䶯
ݺͶϳƣ
ַȻվһ۾ϳʲô
˽ǻȻ׷׽ڵϣӿķˣðһƬ̡
㵽˭
ַŭγ̵ͳ˹ȥתͷܣַһϣͿһڵϣǴӵڵλãͬжһƽѳ룬¶ȫǰɫ棬ͳӶԵøɸɾ
ǽѿһ㣬ֻѿյǶ£һӰȴǳȥַѶ̵˦˳ȥȻֻͨıܶԹ˺أ̵͸ɵĻǲŰϣַֻһЦԺǽ̮
ҳɢǲſٸկվ棬϶ǴųЦݣԴǽʬһ㳯ǰȻһеǴмпĺ«ѳʬмȫͿգֻǰɫ滹ŲѪ⣬꣬ôƮ˹ǶǴϷʵЦݡ
⣬ǹ
ȻȴóԸ꣬˵ûа취ѩľͿ˺ԹǽϹư
ЩͨˣбƾͲˣȻӵнϹƣЩֻ꣬вķݡ
ַΪͷ죬ؼʱ̵ǰ棬ıһָֻ׸ǴСĳӣͷϽŶ̶̵Ľţ˿̷⣬ʹַ˵ƶȻƺǿ׳ࡣ
ıӦġ
ǣǿԹиƨã
Ѿи˱Ť˲ӣҽûз
Σʱ̣Ϳ˫ֲտЦ죬һүүӾ;Ⱥ


147 ʬ
û̫˴ַӺ߹˵ԭˣа취𣿡
˼⣬ȷһ˴ùϵĻᣬǣôȵկӦûõһЩΣǰһ飬˵ǵͰ
Ƭ̣ùǣȻѽ
ҷаʮţַÿˣȻԼ̤Ȼǻ¸壬ȵһ̨֪ƣнͳ˳ȥнȻҲжԸķӣнԹɱͺܴһ̴ӵؿڣԹУؿðỤ̋ܿɢڿС
ЩֻǺֻͨ꣬Ǳ˲ǰõ˼ûУһڵϻ׺ۣĬȵ׺ۻ֮󣬲ŷѾڵ湴ճһͼվ֮ϣһ£㶼ǷɫĹâһС̫Щͼ꣬ȫˣм̫ģֱӻҽ
һĳ̶ȣҲֻǸѣʲôɱֶܴΣȻϥڵľ㣬ϣܹЩ곬ȣֻǽչĲ˳Щǻһ㣬Ǻηǰ壬һĨ֮ɫȴǱ任ɱǿķа䣬ƵɱȺꡣ
ȻȱҪʱȴҲǻ֮֡
Щɢʱ̣ҷǽںе㶯ƺڿ⣺˭
н׷˹ȥ
ĳ£Ŷ겻Ϊ壬л͹ˣһǰһںڰչ׷ǰӦҲˣζŨĺɫΣһ·կ߷ܣֱӽ˳ȥ׼ȷĲǰĵϣһͷˤҼٸϵָĲӣ˵ʲôˣ
˺һֳֻŵ棬һֻȴʲôһŲסؿڣýڴĶ־һѪɫС졣
лᦣ䣬ѯʣһˣΪʲôӵ
ҡͷϣҲ֪ʲôֻ֪·
ıܿ˵ѵ̫ˣǽץס׼ַʣϾҲڲ顣
лᦣôһлꡣ
ѰˣҪôȥֻأҪôɢȥһֱڣл£ǾͻᱣֲɢʼվۼһկˣӦþǱлᦾۼһģΪҪǣЩˡ
ȥ֮󣬻ȻѾ궼˸ɾҰһߵַϣʵ˭
˵ǵˣʰɣʲô˵
ַһ䣬˷ɥȻǴķԸ˽
置˵ֶοǺܶģǧٹֵĹƳ棬;ѷɫԭʮ̡
ǿʼˣҶյ͵ƣϸϸĴûмǴĻǰһϣҲһ͵ưϣҲǽ͵Ƶȼ֮󣬲ʬˣʲôã
ҽ͵ƴŵоγŲһĵоȴǷ˲Ծҷŵᣬһɺ޵ʬζҲţű˵ֲãͣоëЩණȻǻᱻ
Һͷжȥ˸ңͬһյ͵ƣͬаŷƣȭͷǰںǰ͵ƣǰȫ壬סһңȻҪƣֻҪƣͻණ˵ɱĴӣĪǶΪǣ
ܲϾôˣ˵ܲ˵ҪСġ
Ȼû˵ҺʵͷѾˣʮа˾žǸ֮˸ɵģһֱڸǣ鷳ֻһΣʵЩ֣կôûˣңпиկ˶֣ˣͷϣʵԳܡ
ȥ֮ǸźµѾʰĲˣַȵ˭ָʹ㣿
׵ĺ³һѪĭ˵һԭˣúܿΣѽ
۾Ȼ󣺡ⲻǳʦ𣿡
쵽ԣѾһʱȥˣû뵽һݺݵĵСӵôôأӹͷе㲻Լʲô
ַɵĿǣ͵˲ʶ˵֮ˣ
ú˧ѽǳ衣ôţ衻Ǻǵأ׾ӵ߼޻ߵǰס˵˵ʵĻ֮˵˭Ϊ֪޻衣ѵǼ𣿡
ңһָֻ̧ҵıӣǿ־壬ͻȻ䣬Ĵ˸ãðĭѪĭûãͷһû˺
иһƿңʲôɱ𣿡
ãȻ̯̯֣ԼʲôҲû
ǰȥĺ˵Ѿˣ˵˶һʱԶҩʱ䵽ˣȻˡ
ȻˣǰĶȴ˸棬һѾܲѺˡ
ͷһأְٿĪĸо
ƫƫЧѹ֪ôͣǰ˵ǺǣôΪʲôҪأ
ȷĹؼ¶ɻ֮ɫĿַϣɨǣĿվµȷЩΣӦǡ
˵һ룬ȴǴһҽС
һѸٳźȥ֮ǰǰѩ˺棬Ȼæˡ
иŲӵſڣѾһƬַʵô£
ѵĴϢ˵ҿѩǲǻãȴûжΪ£ǱսϸȴŸֵĶһʱ˺û뵽ҧһڡ
һ۾Ϳ˺ĶʬĿǰҹ䣬أ˵ԹӿѩĪѹƲסѾʬˣ
֮Ƿֺи󶴣Ӧѩ˳ȥ
ַǵͷ˼ģ뵽˵ͻȻ۾죬ǳָֻҲںڣȻųַĲҧȥ


148 ɱ
ַûüӦӺòԣҧͬʱһŽ߿
ʬ˸ٲȻûǣٴγַ˹ȥ֮ǰӵĴϣַѾ㹻ʱ䷴Ӧˣγ̵ǰһ˵ͷ­𣬰ӵڵϣ˼¾Ҳû˶
һصѪǹ䵽һԵͷ­˵ɫѿʹһֱֵĺܿƵַҲѾѹֲסŭˣ̵ָǣôͣ
֮ǰεѩկ̣ѩȴʬҧˣǶȻǻɵѩݣҲ֪ôͣҲûȥͣûֱַӾͳӴȥ׷ѩ
Ҳƿ·ģѸٵĸҡ
ʣͻ۵СۣȺõס˾֣ΣַǵıӰ˵Ҹȥǿǡ
˵꣬Ҳ׷˹òģʹ˸ɫһ
ѩӦǻûȫʬ䣬ıëԲҧһô򵥣ֱӳɱˣʬ֮еķӦԣǻһ˿ᡣ
置ʪּ䶼ʪԿѩĽӡҺһ·׷˲֮СǰͿվںӱߵѩ
۾ѪģǻѪ۵Ͼǳ˺ëǸźˮƺԼģ
ѩ
ҷ˲е
һ𣬵һӦҪܣҸȷûбëæ׷˹ȥǽżһ㣬ǰǰмŷʱ׼˦
ѩܾһҳǰȥһѽסܴ󣬲һͷţҪ˦ɣ޵߿ҪңҪ
зᣬǿ֣ѩļ˵ңһжõģģǾܵկˡ
ѩǾҵ
Һԥ˵ôˣôƯ
˵꣬Һݺݵĵһۣ˵ԣƯӰƵá
òȰסѩȻûʬ䣬Ҳ벻ԶˣѾЪԵЩʬķӦϳˣΣ֮ǰһҪկȻҪ£
⡣
ַѾ׷ǽе
ѩҪȥǽͣȻʱַȴָҽеСģ
ʲô
һûʲô˼ϾһǿҵʹϮһͷһѩ˫Ѫ죬ֻðĴҵѪڵѪ

ٽҪն¡
ס֣
ʹеͷǺˮһ˻ӣ˵Ҫ˺
ָңʬˡ
ǿЦţǱԣйһ£ˣȻɿҪңʬûõģ壬ʲôһ
˵䣬Ȼһϵʬ˳ҵľһӣǰٴ㺣һ㣬ӿ뵽ĵĶ֮С
ѩȻѪʲôǿҵǿſ̹ĵĳˣݽҼҧѪģһɹɵѪҺҵ΢΢ҡţʧѪȻѣ
ˣˣ
ʵڿȥһѣҺѩˤڵϣͬʱԡ
Ҳ԰׵ֻ̾
ַңںϣʵʲô˼
ַٴɫ˵̶ֳܹȣǲǻˡ
Ҳ˰֣ҺѩߣֻԺֹɶʱ˳ɷˣĪɶҲ֪ģ
ʱϣöһˮң˵置еҩݵˮһ㣬ֲܹʧѪ
ҵл˹˵ĺһ룬置ĹƳȻ鴫ӣǿʼȣ𽥵ĻָЧʣʵ˾̾
ѩأ
¿š
ҳһƥһû˯Ÿèָۣź˵ǡ
ԭַ֮ǰկҵһɴԼϣǰߣҲ棬һһչѩ
ҹȥ˿ѩͷʬȶϵĺëȴδɢȥüͷ˵֮ǰҪ
ҵ˵ͷʻַǿ϶˵ܵ
֪Ϊʲôҿַı飬ܵ䣬˾һҩ⣬һӵĶָʲôʱҪը˵˯ʱ·կӣȥ˿ȫ˿կӣˣĸɸɾ
Ҹոջָɫֱò԰ףկӣ
ַǷߺޣ»ֹֻ;˳㿴϶ûпġ
ҿַ˵ΣлΣ͵կ
ַЦ˵ȱл¼ԿҲѲɣֻıָжңҾᣬկȴկУ⣬ҲǴΪ˰㣬կӳô飬¹կ֪ұҪǡ
ҵͷʾ⣬置ǵկӣҲеȼƶȵģʮ˹կ͵ڹŴʮ˸ȻûôǿԼԵµկ˵ȴһ㣬կ£Žӽٸկһ㣬£կȻҪܵġ
֮ﰡ
ҵͷޱȵĳأ˭뵽置ҳѡʱˣȷһõѡ
ʮأҪկˣ
ǰ˲վһҫһ߸ߺϢ·ߵ̫ѹˣÿ˶ܲ˵ֻҪկǾܳ׵İˡ
Ҳ¶ϲɫȻûãϲɫϣΪŵˣȻɫ࣬һͷһֻӴϸĺɫСߴĲεݴûãһȺߵˣǰɫСߣһ
쳣䣺ҪկţΣ


149 ִ
˺ͺȻ˵öǺһ㲻ͬģ置еĿһڣַĲĸկӵģ
ͷ֮˱ϻ䣬ƺ¶ˣ˵֣
Ǽǰ壬ץŸڵĲ˦ڿеʱɢζᵽԴʱһҲһɼ֮⡣
ǷƣñƱƳأ
ϳģе
ƣȻһ㣬ж۾죬Ҳ˱ŭһ㣬ҲǶȻ٣м˴£˵źֱӾͱһ
ʣµñƱƶȻʱȺȴǳ˲Ͱ˿¡
Ϊֻǻù𣿡
ǸùƸ֣ȡͲ򿪸ᴵһͲзɳֻӣ÷Ŵ󾵶ſȻᷢЩӵ۾ðźģѪĿԵǷڣȻǴž綾
ӺСץס˲סȺˣмûʵűҧλط֮䣬λþͿʼˣڸõͬʱðݡ
ǣǲˣ
ͷĺ˴ŭӶ˶ɳʮֻ׳棬˷Ǳ׳ҧˣҽһ׹ƥܹɵҧһڣǲҽųԶȥһͷײϡ
Ҳ޷ʹ࣡
置ĹƳ棬ġ
Ҳ˷ƣð֮ǰˮҶһ˺һڣǽ˶γüͷţҪô죿
ԸȺصˣǸ⣬ǲܶͨõģοǵı¸໹ڶԸа棬ԸͨˣӦֻˡ
Ѿʼ֣Ⱥ׼ĺ֣ܳʼͻϮŪ˺֣ܶռžԵƣ߱ѹƣַֹãżԡѪսӲǿס˹
ܣ
ͬͻȻȻ˦ըһƬ̳ǳû񱼡
Ȼȴи⣬ԷҲȻռȻиڣٶȣۿǾҪ׷ѩˣֻܷٶȣϣѩϣ
˸ϵҵԴһ࣬ĵ˸գû뵽ľͷһʱ֮βץŵһקٱܵγ˷ֱӾͱˤ˺ߡ
Ҽ˵Χڱϰ赲ڽ⿪֮˦§ѩһǰܡ
һ׷սֻҪǵկܰȫǿ϶ǲǵģַߺߣǰǹկķΧˣ
կķʵǱȽܵģ֮ǰѩǸ˵͵͵˶ľկӵﷶΧڿŹկػǸϵôǾԵİȫ
ǣѾһˣ˲ˣԷãܳ棬˲ϵĵӣ˿ڵϡ
Ҿʵ̫һˣɱˣԶԶҪ࣬ɱˣȴһֲֻֿܼϣڿµܸһ㡣
Уܲˣȥţ
ַԽ׷ԽϽ˵
ȥ
е㲻ţҵӦûе̶ֳȰɡ
һΪկˣȥſŶȸߣڶԿˣǶǣ϶ûܻ϶ʧġ
ҵͷ˿ѩ뵽̫ɽ֮ǰҪϵկҧ˵ã
סͷȺѪսɿǰȥסĳֻһǾǿ㣬ٿ㣡
Ȼʵ̫ˣ￸סģһǰһ䣬Һѩ׹˺üȦ첲һƤҲۣȿ˿ѩʬûеҿſ°ĭָ֪ˣɴ౳ѩǰܡ
ԶԶأƺѾڿλãĨ˰ѺˮҼӿ˲ǰ
ɫѾ𽥰ҿżȥ̫ޱȵĽΪѾоϰѩѾЩյ˼ˡ
ڹϣʬ𲻵ʲôôҸɴཫ˺ѩãۣһڻġ
ѩſҵıϣ磬Ҫؼ𣿡
ҴϢ˵ǵģ㿴ǾկڿֻҪǣǾͰȫˣԣҪ֣ǧʬ䣡
ѩŲƺ˵ʱ򶼳ž޴ѹǣҸоҲˣҵڷ䡭
Һ޲óԼƣΪʲôԽԽͣ΢Ϣһӣ˵ţҪ֣ǧϵʱʧܣͳˡ
ѩ͸һƣü𣿡
Ѿһ˫ȣ֪ΪµĶҼᶨ˵üң
ͷҵļϡ
ڣҿڿ˿̫ѾֻаˣۿžҪɽҸе𣿡
ڿдӦߺˣ
˳ұϵѩɫͬʱ䣺ѩ
ѩǣǿЦţǵģһˡ
ƤȽϺڣмݸ߸ߣλЩҰѷ˵һ飬ݸ˵죬׼λѴѩȻȥȥæ
ߵǣұѩȥлȻկľǰ
磬ˣ𣿡
ߺ󣬸ղǣݸꡣ
ϻҲȥѵˣȥ׼
˽ǻͷ׼ȥǣȻת֮ȴһͣӿѪҺ˲ŵĵڵϣݸȴ¶һ˿ЦǸ֪̫ˡ
˵꣬ȾѪذףԼСҲͱһ
Ҳ֪淢飬ֻ֪ѩ𽥵ûˣ̫ɽƺֻһߵľ룬ҷĻޣڣɽ֮ǰҸϵկ
Ǵˤģҿǰկǿϲ
ܶΧ˹˵ʲôҶˣƺ˻ѩˣңڵϣܾûᡣ
գиϤ꣬ż˹
磬ⱨŵô
ԭˣ϶ǼϸؽˮΣ


150 ϸ
ʹֻоһʹ
ʱֻһоҿźڰܣãȻ
ʲôط
ҵֱӰţؿµλãˮЩ˿ڣˮݵķ巢ףѾˣʹһ̲ͣϮҵ񾭡
ҪҶȴûκλӦŷ֣ԼϵĶѾȫˣҶѡ
̧ͷţǼ̵Կź̾ߡ
֨֨
ֻˮҧҵСȣȻо綾ҧģûþͶƤһƯˮϣһۿȥҲмʮֻƮţҵһɺ⣬Ҫҵ
ʧȥʶ֮ǰһżѩأôˣַǣûбȳΪʲôᱻˮжͱЩҧˣ
һʣҵԺⰵյĵطҸû˿ѯʣˮţҸоԼţˮΣܰ˻ģ
ڴ˿̣һսˮ֮У߽ˡ
˽̸
СѾ˰ɣ
϶ˮͷˮ󣬿˵ĲᣬӦͱҧˡ
˵Ҳãʡڷ¡
ֻҪˣϣҷˮţкһţû
һ߰˴ſңâ̵ҵ۾ܲӦĮЩź˵Ȼûʧ
קűϵӣұһŹȥŷ֣ԭԼŸֵܴţֱӱǽ⿪ӣһţһͷԳ⣬Ŀס۾Ӧʱ򣬲ŷǰһ˫Ьӡ
˳ЬϿǱ˫Ϸʵû뵽Ȼ㡣
ڶ˺ţȷ˲ȥ㣿
˰ҼĴҵ˵ҡ
ζĴЦܵ⣬֣ҵĶ˱ҳǰȥҸоԾʵʲô˼կŵģѩؼңΪʲôҪҹҪȥģ
ңȫ⣬˲Ӧðѩֻ㱨ҪϢûйҲпͰɣѵĺԭ˵ֵز
߼ҵЦţߣϸ˶С㣬ǵͬûɱ㣬Ѿ㹻ʴˣ
ѩǿܴϵߣǺǵͬ˻
ҿһֱ϶СѲ˹ϵҧ˵ڣûаֱŪ
⻰һαҵĹȥɫѿһȭʹҵĸݺݵ˵£Ȼһĺܲң
˿ĭ˵ˡ
ǰҴһ¥ϣ置ȣɽ֮¥ǺģûкΰĽס˵ķݻãȽȻ˵Ǽª
¥֮ϣ˵壬ѾǸϸˡ
̧ۿȥ¥ʮˣεϮԭĴͳҪڴм䣬ˣע⵽ߵ˶ɫмġ塱һɫ·Ӧһ壬ұߵʲôɫУӦûʲô
ν壬ĵǲΰúݣ۾ȴͬһ㣬Ĺâ
Ǽϸ
ҿŴˣǺѩżƣ²²⣬ӦþѩǸĸףȴ˵ҲǼϸѩ˶ǧ¾կǰţΪǾҪҹˮ棿
⻰һһƬȻ
ԭ˶˵ʲôСжѵǱ֮󺦵𣿲ԶԶأ
ߣ˵ʲô¾կʲôϻô֪
һ˵ţҴǵֻƬԾˣƺǸ֪ұŵ鰡֮ǰڿ˽˰Ѳûȥ
Ұ˵Ƕ俴ңѩĸ̧֣֮ǰڿġ硱˵úأСһȦָ˵ǴˣҺŵġ
֪˾ָң۶ǷŭȻҳ֣λ岮ˣɱ˺һֵܣͱһܵÿ죬Ѿˣ
һıϢ˼룬ŷĸԴԭ⣬˾Ȼ۾˵ϹָиĲ²⣺˭ͱ㣿úúõģſڴƻƣļϸ
Ŀߣ޳ԭ˵ڻˮңλ岮˿ɲǼٵİˣѲɻԼͱԼԭ˽թǼˣ
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˵䣬м˹һŸ̳ӣһɫСߣʺţνϳƣҪҵһĳԵҵĳӣ
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置ôȻĵطֲĹûԭԸǣ置Ҳֻ֣Լĵ̣뿪һٺԭĦǳıӵ𣿾Ȼ置¾
֮ǰǵˣ־òԾǻʹùˣҵСƭң
ŵùɥ˵үүûУԴԺ󣬾СѾʮˣǰҽһˣ˵͵һ³֮͡
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ЩĿӦǸ򼣬ɹ֮ʵı仯֬һ㣬ʱ򻹺ů˼ڣҾ泩ҽźҶܣȻ룬ӱϼһȥ°Ѻӷ
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ź죬֮ǰ˵ҪιҶϳƵİ׺ߣ֪ΪѾȥ۾ɵùԲǶǲʡ
˵ԭˣǲɵģ
һûʲôͱһţиͷϲŰײӳŭ𣬴Ӧǰ׺ߵǳļ
ʲôϵ
Ҽֱôиˮˮģã
˵կֻһˣⲮ˵Ҫιϳƣһ㻳ģ
ĻŪԭⲮҲկӦڵ¸صͣͻȻ䱻ɱǻģҵϲһʺˣһԵġ
ɫ˲ˣ˵ʲô
̯̯֣Ц˵ʲôҾ˵ʲôΪң˾һɱô㰮ʺҵʺԵˣɵĻǹɵĲɣ
ըҿԶ˵ɷһߡ
ÿɷĵ˵ͷ
ҶӣڿɲǣоһǿҵԹ֮
Ϣֲ߱ģüͷţߵ壬ıǣּ׵ǶˣӦţҵɫͻȻ仯Ȼ˺·Ȼıиںڵӡ
һ˵ɱĲˣǹ


156 ֮

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ҿһԶеԾԷҰģȻɱԶǱⲮһ֣½ľԶ˰ɡ
ԶկҵļȻŵĵλߣҲϵˣһˣկضңԷıΪʲô
Ұ˼˷ŭʱͻȻ䴫һȻ죡
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ڣ«ڣһʯ֮ߣ뵽֮ǰľ죬Ӧվɽʯȥס·ڣ
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ԶҲ뵽һ㣬ų֣ս
ղŻȺ鼤ܵˣڶɫ˴̣ȻԤıѾõģʯҪ˵ɽҪѺܳʱ䡣
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ֻңԶû£ˣկȻң⻼կΣˣ
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ҳ˵կ̫ΣˣҪѩ뿪
ǳң¶һ˿Ϸʣˣܻ뿪˱ףѩȻʬ䣡
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ǳ˵Ҫͼңҵ㲻Ҫʱ뿪ĻͺһֿɣȻֻʯ٣Ϊկֻһ·Ѿסˣûѡ񡣡
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ԹһԿУǼϸȨֱɱ㣡
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ڴʱȴǴһߺ֣


157 
Զһ£ҿ˶̳ӣǰȥ̳ըǻ͡
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Ҵ˸飬ҾͱȽߣô඾ߣͷ飺Ҫô죿
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ҵأģҲһı˷˼顣
ǳûٶȺܿ죬ը죬׳ʿĸоҶоѪڣȻڶЩ˵ȴǴħжǰУȻĪıһѪ
ùĵٶԽԽ죬ǳѾǺˮȴʼûб䣬ȵһµʱһ͵ҷӦĿ죬ס
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ܶ˻ǿȣǹ
ܶΪֻǹƳ棬ʵûô򵥣һźµѧʣ͵һа׽֮⣬ˮ󣬿ߵȵȣҲаܶ࣬ƩƳ棬ȵȡ
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ͦǸζģôִŮСåƵãҪһ˵ţŻῴ置ŮˣͷҪǳˣڸʲôƣǹҺһġ
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Цùһӣߴ˵̶ܴĦĭûܣƫƫЩȴӦûãȻתӣʱķ˻ȥ
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ϸ˼֣һֱ򶨵ԶҲЩʧ
ȻڴʱкȻ֣ǿջãȴʲôҲˡ

Ҷһʱ䷴Ӧ
ͷڳѸٵӿ֮Уҷ·ĲҽУԹ֮⣬ڵĶǶо˲ʶЩ
޴ˣȹСܱȵԭǿʲôҹУ
иſӶ洫ͬʱ֮ѪӰ˸ѪԹ֣ԹͶǾֵĿկ߾վżٸµꡣ
࣬ǵˣ


158 
粻ǳȥѰЩ¾կĶզˣ
ҵĶޣҲƮˣ
֣Ұ֣ˡ
˵֮ǰĶֻ˸о־壬ôڵЩ˾ԱˣЩ֮꣬ǰɳȥկһֱûѶû뵽ʽˡ
ҵͷܳأҪҪֲĶࡣ
ѣЩǹ꣬ǵˣҴ׼Ĺǣ
Զ߶ţףͼѡ
ʲôǣҰְ
иʮ߰꣬ڵϣܽĽ
Զקסڣţ㰢ѾˣҪ
걻ԶĴε߻أҧ촽ͷ
ȻڴʱߵЩȴǷߵ
Ҷѵϰ𣿡
ޣҰһˡ
ţҽȥ
ЩݵĺԶһջжһܶȽϴģֱӾᣬھ¸ųľ뱾һ֮䣬ЩϤǵĶˡ
֮ǰǳճɵɵǰȥƺҪţӲԼ˽
ڹƻģһϵˣǿ϶Ǳɡ
üͷΪеǡ
¶һ˿˵˵ȥţ͸öɱ
һŵĿЩկӵܰ
ĶңկһУѣͻ𵽷Чʱ˭е
һڼȻ̣Ѿˣҿȡƣ䣬Щ˵ĳҲ̫Ӳ˰ɣѾôˣѵӲҿǳܿҵߣͷ
ʵ˵Ҹկûʲô飬׼ȷ˵Щظ˻ЩԹޣⲢҾĿôȥԼ˱˵Ľ˰ɣһ˵ԣ
ҳǰȥ䣬ͬһ㶢ңһδ֪ϥڱԵתϣз峺ֺĵ
̨̫ǣӦͣаȣǡǻãɥ㡣
а˴䣬еһ˴Ϊ֮ãаģȵȣ֮ǰδʹ⾻䣬Ҳ֪ԼܲܳɹȻ֮ʱҲŷָҪϤһʱҾͽ˿֮ʲôҲȥ룬רĵ⾻䡣
ֵ鷢ˣûκҲʼձһȴԽԽͬɽеĻһ㣬һʹÿ˶ЩΪ˵ĻǶ鲨ǣͬʱѹңҲݺݵǳһԭʿ
ǳĸоί˵Ҳ֪
ʱѾһУ⾻䲻ǰ˴еһñ徻ҲԼųЩӵĽ꣬ƺʧѹʱ򣬸оֽ̨һ̨ס
ǵҳ˵ĻԵҿԼƣЩһʱ⣬Ϊһ˺񱨡
Ҿ䣬û뵽ʹԭʿկȻһˣҲ֪ĸС
˵䣬ƮŵĺٴƶеѪӰ·۳ʵһ㣬γһŲ̵ľ޴ÿһ˺ۣ̺ĿֲԹ֮ǰЩĶߣҲɢ˿˿ƵԹգϵ꣬·õĳָһ㣬˫ĿѪ죬կ󲽶
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ڵ¸صĹ˵˵ĻѾˣɴ˿ɼǶôĶӣƴ¶棬˼ƫƫʩչԭĵֻ꣬нϹƿˣɼʹկжٽϹأ
Ǳˮн飬ҲѹֹŻʧ
ڱϿţȴ΢ƺ鷳˰
ĥҿ԰ǵεĹǲǾܳûѩ뿪Ƿ֮أ
ˣҴԣһһöаУָһаһ⣬˲佫һĻɢ
ҲԳǳȻֻͨ꣬Ϊǡ
Ϊһ֣ǶңҶŹţ˵ǰСӶи󣬸ɷӦ
ɫ˸е˵˵ɡ
ҧ˵ΪկǿУկѰҵѣ⣬һҪһߣϣҪ
䣬žǰٶȺܿ죬һûзӦʱѾסҵĲӣ淺Ѫ⣺Ҫ˪ߣȻǸϲԭʿҸ㣬ⲻܣ
֣˵ǣ˪ѩҪѩ뿪ҴӦҪ
һǿ˿ǳ̶ɿ֣ô˵˪ûйϵˡ
ҿһ󣬿Ц˵˵ˡ
ų˼˵ԣѩȻ츳˼ȴڹϣȻ鼫Ҳ㣬ǰǣҪΪկһ٣ܳɹɣ
ϼһﵽ󻹲вң̾ѣҺѩҲֹϵҲû˼ˣҿŵµ꣬ȡҵİһаҷַȥÿ˰ѷ׭ڼ⣬һ˳ȥȻֻҪм꣬ϱ׭
Ұһǹ˵һˣȻڴʱеȴ¶Цݡ
Ȼ絶ҳܶס۾Ȼ֮ȴǺȻԼվŸ¶ȺУͶ룬ϰٸ˵򣬲ʮˣΪ벻˲ͱڵϡ
Ҫ֣ҶȴѣСģ
һ磬ҵ֣߳ͿһͷɢѪԹָ֣׳ҵĲץ


159 Ȼ
ǿңԵĶֻǶȴѪԹȻ̶ڰٹĹԹȻҾ޴ѹҳˣ̤Ųɻ¸ͬʱ˦һöȻԹٶȼ죬һҵĺҧ
һ˲䣬ҽŵ˼㣬ΪԹӲϱ任һҵĸĸһѩһǶ˵Ҫˣ֪Ǽ󣬵ȴǱˮճסһ㣬ˣֻĿҧ
ȻڴʱȴһߣΪǸ𣿡
ԹĽ󣬾ſһֻܣӸ߸߹ͷһǴ͸ԹͿһᣬһƬһƬ࣬˿̷ɫĲֳŽɫתͷһһ֮䣬ǽԹ£ܴ˸ãһԾС
ӦĽϹƣû뵽Ȼֵԣֱ̳ԹԶԶҪѩľ
ĿңһֻԹ㶼޷Ըƾʲô̸Сӣסһ仰ҪʲôʱҪóʹƥʵȻֻǿտ˵׻ڸƭҵˣҲ⽫ι
ӦŽ۾Ķҡ
ЩΣ˵ҺԹֻǾ黹̫ǳûڹؼʱӦֶΡ
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Ҵſ£ӵнϹƵˣֻʮҵŮӣмǺۼ룬ϹƳ֣Զ˺ʵ̫٣ӦԣиϲѽȻһѪһ߳ҳǼƣ޲ֱҧҡ
֪˱ɣа̾ץһ֮˲ը˴˸ɾ
Ҷӵг˫ӡõүڵĹ֮ڵڰٹĹĿɲһ㣬ӲǽЩĶһʵһû뵽ҶҲôĳ̶ȣ۾һɨڱϷȥһŰ߳Ȼн
ҵӰŭԣΪĶ̫ˣæӴܡ
нıǣѽڹɱӹɵģ֮ǰҵȻδȫ˿ƾżʩչҲЩãٶնڽ¡
˿λŵĶѾ˰ȻײһȻͬѪ˭ûд𰸵ģٴֳĽǶӦƽɫλŶõӿƶҵŴŵĺˮӶͷ䣬ɼǶôļҡ
һھͽ븹Уת֮˸ܶͼϷһߵ壬ȴ³ĶҺմȾӲļ׿һڻӶһ̲ŧˮ
ȻƽɫʱȴһЩ߾˲䷴ˣǧ
ŵ۾䣬бӶһѪߣӦԵķǳѣǳȻ˵Ȼֹһš
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ûйţң
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ǹŲεĶƣĲǹоǳ׿ԽŵĲΣһξ룬äĿսţֻǼ֮䣬ǾӿһѪҺ
ܲˣɫȹƮկǣΪ˵УҲΪǣҹնɱ֮Уկϣۣ
Ůˣܹ̼Ժɶɵ֮˶ۣС㶼ƴǻʲôأ
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165 
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ҹ䣬ʩչϵϴδµӡС˵үүмСƺյʲôָ׼Ҫš


166 ǵ
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һԻú˾Ȼˣ˼ƺ˺ҲһģͼСļϸЩˣҸңǲ֪˵ˣǵеҺΪԼǼҸݣƭҵͬʱҡ
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168 Դ
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۰Ͱ͵Ŀңĸ˵ٻӦ˽ҵġ
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⻰ʶЦҿȥʱ¶Ȼ֮ɫֳһĵģկȷϣ˹կأ
ǹկ
ʱ׹ǳȴ뵽ʲôɫ˲԰ס
ЩǰĹկȻǲԸµģЩأѪʱģկʮһѪѾϡˣôЩĩβĹկأ֪կѾױͨˣǰկӾϵһһµկӣȡΪկǵĿ꣬ͳһ置ΪΨһһկǰæġ
ǳӻ˻ΣЩǵķסļֻҧ촽˵ô
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ΪկҫȴΪѪ˻ͨˣЩ߸ϵĹկ֮ôأʧȥѪ͵˳˹կУ˵ɳ֮أʣԹޣһͱҰģկһ𣬾һ֧ǿ
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ҲǷ˵ķ񰡣ԭϸ񣬸ƽֻ͵͵С置һԹƫƧֲ˽Ӵǳã꣬ԹɶǱ֮ǰǧᦣ置ƳģǷԭǸûлģ룬ǧӦòֹһɣ
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ǳףȻǶѾˣΪʲôҪկʹأ
ҡҡͷ˵㲻ף֮ҪǺôͨ置Ķң̵㹻棬棬ɲկѧǺ䣬ǳһĶ˵ŲǺ£ǶȻҪж߼ź̺ô֮࣬ܰȨץԼ
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Ȼ˵ļֱ˿˿ۣ޷죬ⱲûзκˣҲò˵һ֣
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177 뿪
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һȴ¶ϲ֮ɫȻź
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ֻϧԸΥǡ
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ңңڵռʮ˸źȴǼ͵õĸڿ⡣
կ˿ֻá㡱ݣһôҶȫˣûĸͥģŮ˺СĿճһֻսܿĴ껭档
̾һ˽ȥ
ԶæĽŲմأǳȴڴϣΪźǹվڱϣһţͻˣڷ棬κεĵ
ҲڱϽŵĿţǳͷ˿ѩϺѪɫѩҪ̬
ĵԪ޷ֲģͷɫѻصһ㹻ᣬӦָܻġ
ҿǳҲ֪һ˺ܶԪȻôãΪկҲǸ̫ࡣ置ЩţҫģͬʱҲǱģûԼдڵ壬ػկػˡ
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ȴûã˳ұΪǳӦϢû뵽ҲųˣɫǺÿֻ࣬ѩ׵ͷȴǸĴۡ
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⵹һ·óկ˺կвȻỶӭկǰͶġ
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۱ʹȥԭûκλ˵Ҫʦ̸ۡ


178 ʲô⣿
ıһ䣬Ȼڻһǲģ˲ע⽫һźŽѩ
һĻǳˣſˣǶװûǰԼõġ
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ұҪѩ뿪ģȴȰסң˵置ң߷Σգ֪ҪЩʧɢѣ룬ڻŻȥأеĹկկķۣпֵܳĵطȻկĿĵĵߣһȥկ
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һ·ߵúСģҷźկڵǵߣ֮ǰǵһկ棬˵ϢһҹɣҰ̫Σա
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ˣҼһӿˣէһҲʮˣȫˣǵǾϲ֮ɫ˵կ𣿡
Ϊȷıʾһ۾˳
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֪ΪʲôկʱȴǾЩԾһ޵ѪȣʵλС磬կ𣿡
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Ϊ̫󣬱ۣԽȥϢˣڿ̸Ǹصص̸ֹʲôĶȽϴֱɣˣԵÿɰҶӳ񶼺ܺá
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179 
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Сܲˣͬһ㣬ȭͷСһ⣬ֱӾͱӹĵҪѿĸ׾쵽Ծæסޣˣ죡
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ǳɫɷףʹٲ˽ԭҲ֪жֲ
Ĳ˵ҵĶǣΪƣӲȫʵҲ㹻ˣһȫĹǿ置ѡ
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ǳˣɶկҴ˰
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180 
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ڵԺԶѾ˵ǽߣһļ룬ҧסĸ첲ʹԶɱһĲҽУˣҲסһҿ磬û֮⣬ʣµ˶Ѿˡ
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һһƾʹǳϣסڣ㻹ûаأߣ
ǳߣҵҲ𽥵ĳȥ˿ң˫ۣ˵ʮɱҲɱˣұòģƫƫڳϵĶӣƽ۰ޱȣ֮ڳŭҪСӵȻҪһˣôСӣ㻹Ҫηķ𣿡
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181 
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ɹңȻǳֵʱҶȴ˲ɱôãͻȻȻҪ׼ģûзӦʲôͱҶƹᴩɢ
ΪǣҶֵɵжʵȴǵʯ֮䣬ĵûзӦô£ԼĹʧȥϵǷ񣬼Ȼն㲻ȥô֮ǰҲҪ
նɱ֮˿ֱͣӳӳȥ衴ҵЧһ͸û뵽˱仯˫ĿԲɵʱѾն롣

˿ȻԼɥҲסˣ¹ҫӰӣһӰӰ߳һƮƮѪŮˡ
ŮʪģͷҲϣһϮѪ¾½ȾģɢѪζտʼΪԹҶȴɫأŮ
ŮҲǹǹ顣
ڹûôԹֶζŮ׵Žɫ˫ҡţûκֵУǵл֮ҸоλʮԹڷۡ
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Ҷɫѿʩչ˹޵Ľһ紵ĺڷ裬۾ն𽥵ģƺһѪͫг֣ȻѪ첻ϵɢߣڹϮҶܣ̤ǰһһ˲ҲѪ£źڹһ𣬼ĽͬҹɣӲڹɢ
Ůϵıڱ仯ƺһֵĸоһҶץѪ·ɣԹ罻Х֮ϣëȻ
ңȴǱЩĵΧסˣ֮˵ʵֻһ㣬ؼҵ棬һЩǿĽģҵʵûһܹʩչģؼʱ̣޿ˣҧ˵ȻôҲһᣡ
Ҳܲˣֻһ۵ӹ˵ĵ̽ҵ壬ǿʹͬʱȴҲǼҹصĺѾûʲôܹʧȥˣԻʲôأ
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ɭޱȣ׷ʲô˸ǰˣ


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ȴ֪˿̵ҺǳѾ𾪵Ըӡ
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γ̵ҪǾȴǼʹ˻ֵ췭ظǸ˵ⶫܿչ֮ȴǱЩխˣиùûж㿪β˦ǽϣϣ

۶ʹ֮ɫһĻˣĶƤм䣬һвϳײʲôҪĶ


184 ѽ
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Ҷٴγ˯衵ĳ֣ܺõ˿հףٴμᶨ
ֻϢСʱ۾ɫڿ֮󻺻ʧչ壬˵Ǹأ

˼룬ŷӦ˵ЦŰ˵һ顣
衵˵Ҫס
Ҿϲʵа취
һŮ˳ָָŮ˼ŮˣӦ֪ٶֻҵǵƬŮȴҡͷ˼ûмǿʱȴǾһ
֪ġ


186 ֱ
ûǵϢҵǷǳʧģûŮȻæʵΪʲô֪һİ
ŮҡͷЩãȻҺٻֻżȻ̸ۣû˵ȴ˵ձдҲɿһΣӳ񡣡
΢΢ȻִҵѾ֮ϲˣ϶֪ĵģʵôǲǻȫ
ŮɫЩŹ֣ӦûΣգΪҿʱɫ̸Ц˶Ҳܹ
ϸϸŵĳ衶òԾˣȷϣ˵˶ܹ
Ůͷȷһ㡣
ͷֹСӵ׸ʲôΪܻķˮ𣿲ϸļһȻСװƴţû˭ܱȵ˺ܻǣ˵ܴ漣
Ұͷ˵ôģ
Ů˵ʯկ
üͷǳʯկʲôط
ҡͷʾԼ֪
ǳ֪կӣҪȥңɳȴǵ˵ͷ˵֪ʲôط
һ㶣ô֪
˵ǰ汻׷ɱʱҼҲøֶηǣɱ˲ˣʯկʱ䷢ֵĵطкܶ̾ᣬлаˣûôԶԶ뿪ˡ
կʲô֪Ǳ׷ɱĳ衱ȵ˺ܶĵط֪飬˵ںկĴӪģѾ˺ܶկһΪݾӣΪ£ͶߣںկƴãܶѾͶǣЩֲȫţԶڸկƽʱ
˵ˣͶ˻ǲôܴۣλߣڳǰڻҡ
ȻںկķկͷҲɵЩģȻŮڿ˵úܺãȴǽͨģȻţҪۿУҲͷ۵һ㣬Ҫҵ𣬲ġ
Ҹ֮ǰկ׷ɱôãһӵԹ
˵衣ĹµҲΪˡ
һֺƽ˵Լʱ
һҳȥ̽ոʬһ·׷Ѱ⣬ĿһӰͲС棬кܸߣҶѽһսκθǶ֣ˣӶݡ
˵ͣ£˺ֶ֣ʱõҲǵҲ˵ĵˡ
ҵһӦ˾һֱңҵˣҲ˼ǸʲôˣΪȣұ㻳ˣаȻˣаΪŹ֣˭֪ʲôǳԣ˾ǵˣʹõĻĵˣѵҵʲôţ
ǰҾһͨˣôȥأ
Ųûų衵ķ֣øӻˡ
ü˵
衵˵ͷ˵׷ɱҶʮҲŵѣһͻȥǵģǰ·ֱרɳһңӦǸ˸ɣΪƽʱ޽Ե޹ʵΪҪɱң׷ɱ˵ͷһΣһ£֮ĥÿ춼Ѫɱ¾жȹҵΪ࣬Ҳø
ʶһ֮󣬸ȷսʵĽݾҲҵʱһҪ׷ȥһս˵ߣȻսս˷˴̼Һϲֻһ㲻ãǾûʱȥǡ
˵ʱܶûֻ˵ǶôĴҿľһͷǾǷӣ
ֻзӲܸɳ飬˲ɱ㣬Ҫȥƣ룬衴˱սˣ֮ǰΪᵽʬԾ޷˵˵¶Ѩǲ㱻ѪʬɱҲ޾£置֮ǰҲ˵ΪսҺʲôΪʲôƫͷ
ҵҲǣǼʶǱ̬ĻָģΪСǿĵơ
ŭɳԴӣұЩԶԸˣˣʮ˶סƲ֮£ֻǰӴܣ֮ֺܶ඾ߣҵʱҲûж룬ԽΣյĵط˵ԽǳԣҾһֱ˽㿴ʱûзӦʲôһڽ£
в˲˷½һ
ҺҪȴ֪ҵĻָǿ漰ҵһܣԲϸ˵֮޷Щ׷ˣȴһ⣬ȫ˶Ҫ֣߾ͿԽңھĸдţҲ֪˶ãʼҺܲԼҪҷֲԾ˵ҲԪˣѰҵڵ˺ü콫£ָ֮
ĺܼ򵥣ȴҵԺγһĻ棬衵ǵӴ󣬾ȻȥڵⶫʵûôЩõĶһЩ󣬱˵ǧ˲Σٱ˵һڵʵһĶûӪѻһγ˹壬̵֮󣬾Ȼ飬ֲſö
Ǵ⣬ǰʯկǳȴ˵ȥɣҪˡ
һЩӵʵ㻹Ҫȥկ𣿡
ǳһЦҿ϶Ҫȥģҵ˶ȥȥأ


187 ʯկ
ƺǱȻ顣
ŽȫΪկɺ֮仹˽٣ҼʹǲǺҲװûһȥկȻǳȴθмǿ֣ΪδĹţȫⶼկϣ϶Ҫȥġ
֪ΪʲôҺܾû˵һֵֺҵͷ˵Ļ
ǳ΢΢һЦ㷴ǳկġ
۾һŵڴʵϣȥ𣿡
ǳվӣϵΪѩ϶Ҫġ
΢΢ɬȴһЦǵȻҴ֮󣬿϶ȥկģΪѩ
ǳһ˻֣ҹɫ֮С
ıӰǸӡ
ãҲŻعͷڲԶϵһβͲݣ˹ȥ˵߰ɡ
ûʵΪʲôȥ׷
£˵ʲô˼
̾һͻȻĿңЩ˴˾ǴԲҪҪǾȥ˾ġ
û뵽衾Ȼ˵ĻȴǹҵĹҳʵأ
Цȥ
˵꣬ǰҡҡͷǿ߼Ӧòҵɡ
ôǶԺ飬ҲҪϣǳİȫһǱȽϷĵģΪ置ܰȻһôأ
·ʱ򣬳衶һʶĽסȴǷһöӵӡ£ǿհ׵ģֻһīϸϸӡ֮ϣһףҿ۾ʱȴǸоһصƺҪҵĻǶȥóһѣ˵ⶫɭӡ֮һںǿķãչܽӡ¸ԹϣԽӡ֮Уǿ񣬾˶ɭӡļӳɣ֮ǰĺСкɭӡϲҲһīѡ
ǰؼҵҲйɭӡļأǺϡٵĿķһǧᦣͬǧᦸѪһ㣬¾ɭӡȴշԽ࣬ɭӡԽ󣬵ȵӡµγɡ󡱶ֵʱɭӡȫɣ֮󣬼֮Уֱͨ˾
ֻǸˮĥûиϰ꣬ܲ㹻ģˣҲǸķˣҰֵİ棬ʵŪģ
˵ģĹײĵӣиţҵʱҲû˵ֱӾͶˣʵ֪֪置Ϳ̿ǧ֮⣬̰һɭӡҲ˻͹ҪûӴû뱻ײ˸ţȻǺ˹ֻҪѪˡ
Բ̧ͷʵ𣿡
衵ͷ˵ֻýĶ˵͸㣬Ҳܷ
ҽ£Ҳ˵ѪʽõɭӡҵܺãӦͷһõķɣȻʱ󣬵һĻۣŹâһ졣
·˸կȻǱ¾Թأû飬ϴ˸裬ɾ·ǲٶǰУڶ磬˸ط˯֮ߣ峿ŵνĽʯկ
ʯկڴ˵صһӣɳϪŮϴ£żȻͻֽᷢɳֻΪ࣬ԲֵǮȴҲ˵ɳϪʯկǿŽɳϪկӣ濿һʯɽľ
еĽ䱸ɭϲһʯկ򻹺򣬳˺կ֮⣬˲ͨ
ǵıȻ˵ǱȽ򶨵ģ˵ƺǺܵԼİȫ
Ϊ˵·Ҳûôע⣬Һͳ衻˽ʯկһ̽˽⵽
ԭկҲôаô˵أֻһȺҰļңͬΪѣĿΪƿ置կΪ置Ψһߣǻ置ǶͨʵǱȽϽܵģЩ˳կӣȥˣԴկǰȻġ
Щ¾կӣҪôǸկ׽ģҪôǲӦ˳ģȻҲ޹¾ģֻ⣬ʵҰҪһЩۣƽԶܺߣмҰĲͣŰ置ֵüɹʵկɱĲûôء
˽⵽һҷо˲ֻһȺӣǻãڱ֮£϶ŭĴʮ˸źɾ˹ȻȡģڣկûбɱߣǶͨկȡǿ̬ȣ£ģͨ˵мկǲġ
·вˣͼѰ䣬һ죬ûаϢ
衳ȥ̽£һСʱңʯկȽɭϣ˶կĵıԺﾭǸӪһ˵ȸܽȥƾ档
ҵʵûа취ȥ
˼һ󣺡ȥ϶ǲеģҪ˵͵͵ȥҹǱԡ
ȴǾܾˣǲų衣ֻûбҪðգɲǺĽɫ˭֪ûصơ
ָų˵ȥܶ㵽ģͷѽҲ̫ˣҿ
˵˵ţҵʧ۾ȴҲĥһЩ˼ʵ˼ò˵
ҵ˵ͷֻһ취
Сʱ˳կмıԺҡڵ߹ȥһ˴ߣѳ֮˵ͷһկƣ߶һһεġ
ҵļƲߣȻð衣ôǾͷ֮ҲðˣǸùͳ죬ѡеĿ꣡
ˣԽԽˣѾע⵽ǣȫǺ
վס
·Ĵǡ


188 
Ǹˣȴϸо˵ɼҲһõġ
αװͳĽɫһ˳óկƣǰһΡ
ʶ𣿡
ȻÿƣѰĺկֻڣŵȼĲͬƻһߣԽ࣬ںկĵλԽߣկĺĿǰڣȻ٣ͳݣĵߣɫһ䣬Ͻÿ˵
ԭʦˡ
Ҳܴ󵨵˽ȥҽں档
ŵʱкü޵ߴƮҸ衶סˣû¶ڡ
ǻˣȥǸ⡣
ҵѯʣô죿
ҡҡͷıߣ֮ǰһģһ˵Ҹʡ
ȻѾɹαװˣôȻҪȡ棬ǰţһ۵߹ǰ
Ӧ飬ûע⵽衣ײɫһҪŭǿ衴ʱȴסˣ衱֣Į˵ôҶʶˣ
͵سԼһƣڵ˵ͳʦ֣Сܸңûע⵽Ź
ͳʦ֣ԭƺģȻЦͷ֪·ûע⵽ңĿأţ
һš֣衿ŵô˻ɴ˿ɼƽʱԲǸƲ磬ǻѾã˾¡
޳ˣͲƵ˵ܹҰͳʦ֣Ҳ֪ƢŹ֣Ҫȥֻŵĸ󡣬ȵֶȥң
ϣ
µľ⣬ɲΪ˽⣬пԽ˵ԽԳ衸ʹ˸ɫһվ˳һ̬˵ôڹΪ㰡
һûϢĿ޳ˣܹί˵ʦǲ֪Դɸϵְλ֮ûͣΪǣƫƫݣ˭Ҳ˵ʲôҪܳԺҹʯկҪƹȥ
ܳԺ
Һͳ衵۾ͬʱһ˵ĳϣôжӦǺɵģûܳԺ޵Ľ˸ʶҪҵˣװһȵģŵ˵Ǹͳʦְ£·ʯկֻ˵ȴûм˵ôɵĳͲ𣿡
˴һӵĿˮȻҲоǵԵʣ˵ֹǲֱǲҪǸǷӦ˺ܶΣǶûãϸңҪͣҪʩ֮ǰܵΪõļֵ
һλǻȷϵˣҰֹЩͣȻܻ쵽ĳλã治Сô쵽ġ
衳һ˵ߣһˣҲǰţǰ·ҵҪʶʶνϡ
Щǣηηǰߣһţ˵İɣͳʦֿɲ˵ȥġ
ŷģĴ·
иͷߣȷ࣬ע⵽ǣҲûио֣ǽ˱ԺλãԸоɭ࣬кüĵӣͤƣǰģӦǴʱ䣬۽ǵ⣬ȴʱʱɨߵķƺڹ۲ʲô
ҴЩӦǶ߰ɡ
·ĵӰǴһСԺҲ£ɽԺǽȥ֮ע⵽һͨӣɥǽϣиɤһֱںĸӴסǲˣɽɽҪиɽӣĸ˵ۣϲ
һձģļһƵһͳһ£
ϾһңһǷȻҪЩӣҪķҵģ˭ҪУͿ㽻ҾͷŹǣȻɽ׼ɣ
̱øǴ·ĵӻս
ע⵽˹Сӣҵȵĸˣ
ɥϣҲСӣҽСӣûȵĸ󡣬ȥң
ʱŭҹСӻǴӣСӣûȵĸҲһƱŲҲʩˣȥҽɳϣ˵ӲˣҪôŪңҪôŪ㣡
Сͨһ͹ڵϣаɣǵһλģʲôڣȥôˣҪҲ֪Լʲô³תͱס˳衵Ĵȣͳʦ֣һҪΪ
ʱע⵽衣ΧȦǷһһǺܾûϴͷˣһ˦ͷͷƤмѩƵû䣬һֻֿűǿףһֱֻȳָʲôʦ֣ĸұƱһԣŲӷַӲʱҿôȥҵڶͨʿ
ЩĵƫͷƦӵԣԸĲҪܽ˵˶ͦҪġ
ҿܼǰһ˵ϣϢŭȵĸǰɣ֪С
һˣүүģڶңǻ죬Ȼôȵĸ󡣬ҪˣңҾ͡
̧ͷգգۡ
һƵã˷ܵԭرQ˼Ȧңֲңżǽڱ˿ȫǷΪ侲˵ɽСӣǶɣҪС̸̸ȵĸ󡣬ߺߣҪǼҾʹĵ֫
һͬʥּѰߣ߻мֻĿҼۡ
˵ɡ
֣߽ӡ
Һͳ衸սȥ͹ţоһҾߩᣬһѱһ˵
ֵܰˣҶΪˣ


189 
ϣһֻѵĺӣı˦ȥˣٰô죿
һôֻܹǼҷֹߣʱҸʲôܵġ
ϸ룬ȷɭϣԽ淴иƾڣҾú֣ʵСӿ԰Ȼ˸ϣô쵽ģ
Ҳǳ棬ƫͷ
£ɵĿ۳衣ժߣֹԭ֣˵ôϤĸоһѾ»Ҫ쿪ʼ˵𡣡
Ҽгƪ۵˼֪Сӱ̫ˣ˷й£˵Σգʺ϶ҸϽ˵㻹ǱôԶˣֱӸҽص㣬һôĳϣڶͻأǲǻȫ
ԣɫҲһѲҡҡͷ̾˵û£ͳҲˡ
ʲô˼
£һֱܲԸĳɫҲ΢䣺Űɣ
̫ȷ˵һǰȥկţǿֿʼûԮǶץַǣ͵˿ңΪҪһʿԽϵݣǹҸ֣ûκεãﶼȥȴֵļ̳֮ǾҪǿбȥʩˡ
֣ʩʿе㲻һϵд˼ȥҽ
կҪѪҪʮ˸ź֮⣬һ̳̳չϵ伮еļأÿһ緽λÿһƬǣκεƫƣһҪѡգ붮ʱ֪ʿѪȻԭЩʿҪôԼҪô֪٣Ͱ߷ҵϣҳϵΪ£ңϣܹľİ£ǣΪȥ˿֣޽̳ǰһʱմһǳΣյĵطǶ棬ǳ࣬ÿ춼ȥĿѾһˣҲ֪Ƿ񻹻š
˵⣬ıȥۼ飬ʶĸһЩ
ɫ࣬ĺկȻ飬ȻϣҸоϣѾãˣéɽӵݣУûɱȻɵǿô붼֪ڿֵҪĿѣôùȥŵϣ²ˡ
㲻һԼ𣿡
ͼ㡣
Уķˣȵ̳ɵһŻỹңָֻȥ㣬Ǻܲ׼Ǹ֣置һأǳĹŹ֣Ľܲʣָףֻ׶༪١
̾ͳԹˣϧԸΥ
ģǸСӿ϶š
ȴ΢΢һЦǵ˵
ô֪
һϲΪ֪ʲô
ȴҡͷֻƾԼĸоôģ͸һѶܲסôûʸΪҵĶ֡
ҵһδӳ衵Ŀ֡
һֱĳżĲмΪǰֲϣ࿴ԷˬҲףʵֻͬʱֶԷ㣬ԲһĽϾȻ˽Ȼ෴ƢҲһá
ʱ̣ŵĲǣһֱĶ֡
ѡų衵жϣ˵òţôұҪȥƾεľҲܽ¡
ʲôط
ʵ
λҲ֪ܺô϶еͼΪַǳĳ置Ľ֮ء
ǿ϶˵
ǺãǾǰ֣һҪȳʰһ£Ҳ߰ɣҪ취ȥ
һӣ¶˾ġ
Ȼüͷȴ˲ڵϣ˵߲ˣ̵ģ߲˰ˣ
ʵΪʲô
ɥүģұץסĵһ죬иӵŮˣ˸ʮ׳Ĵ򼣬Ҷ֪ȥˣÿ춼˸ιҩ裬ǸԵģ˵Ҳͣҩ裬ʱˣͻҵߵȥ
置˵ֶʵ̫ˣҾ룬滹иҩƣֻǳµģûкңﵽң鷳ˣͣͼһ򣬿ֻĿڳѬùǺȴëûпҲû취ˣü˵ô죿
һµǷϵ˵ҸоˣӾĥĵӣӾˣҲǺܡ
ҿžȴǴԷתկڣն񣬾Բǵóѣ˵һ£ֻĻοԼ˵Ҳڿʼôôȵ̳֮㾡ǰɣʱ취ѶϢһǰ㣬ӦϣҲг·
΢˵㾫񣺡˵ģ
ļ򣺡ƭӣԲУֵܣ;Բġ
жıסң˳͵͵Ĩ֣ҵüͷоƿ˵ŰɣĥĵӣסǵԼ
ͷĿǡ
Һͳ衳ȥȴǺȻһ£ˣԺ㿴һҪ
´ߣǹʼʩ߳Ժӡ
ҵıӰɫȴЩ꣬˵ֵ㵱ֵܣǡ
ֻ̾Ϣ
һͻȻ߾ӲҪȵĸˣҪȵ


190 
ͨ΢Ĳͬɫ΢ҪһЩ
ǿֵӣȴȫͬѰɫ̣ǳ̣̣ȻֵӣףɫȴǺɫ
ɫͬīȾִûþͻľ߿ܻᷢݿ˵
ҺͳûлѶ󹦷򣬾ҵνĿ֡
Ϊطʵ̫ˣ置ƫƧȴƫƧеƫƧǰ־ѾˣʱﻹһƬ֣ʱֻսйŲ룬ô˵ض죬ṹƻмʮʱ䣬ݲѿֲʢƣԼʱ䣬˱֮ǰʮ֣Ҳͼ񣬿ֵӣЩҲûһŻȥ
Ϊ˵ز˱죬жжּ˶֣ǰһпܲһϢĶϣ˶԰ĽأЩʵûа취ҪֲҩˣûĸԸǰ֣Ѿˣ˿ֲʢҲ˺ֲܿ
֪ЩҵͷӳأҲʵé֮ǲֶΣԵĿǿֲĶֶаͬĸֱӣж³͵
衴ף£Ϊ˷ֹЩжӡ
ʽ˿֣ŹʼʩðˣɹƭǾһ˽⣬ȴǷֲܣΪԺկΪֻ࣬Ǹ̳ǵͳݣֻǺŪȻѡ
پһ㣬ôûϢѾʼˣһǹȥţͶֻݾͽ֡
һȥҾᵽ˹ŹֵĿ˿˿ģܺţ֪ҲжĻ⣬ҶԣֶȻǲںģ衣ҲӦԵķӣǲ֪̳λãֻһߡ
ûиоϷһЩ
ͻȻ˵˲ȷ
ûʲô
ûȺӵϰߣ衺ܿǷʲôֱʵ
кܶ꣬ʵЩȽϴĺɽֻ֣꣬΢һѣЩĿĵεγʲôΣȴͬҸоЩǱ˵Ƶã⳯һطۣԲżȻ
˵ԼжϣĿⶢŶϷ
Ѱ˼һȷ֣ǺͳһǰߣһСʱԽԽʢˣҿۣãεͷӬһ㣬һСΧתתȥ
衿ǰ˵ΣյϢ
ҵ˵ͷȡǳ͸ҵһƿҩۣʱҵģ˵ҩۿ϶˻ùƵˣ϶óҲȷʲôԽҩڲԶĿ֦ϣûãҾͿ澰ܶϣǵĸͷѰҪܶ࣬ģ˳һ㣬޾
ȺϽҩ۰ߣ֮˺̵ܶʱ䣬Ȼ˳һ㣬˿Ҷ¡
һ亹ôڣǸ޷
Ҳ֪϶ǺկֶΣò˵置Ĺȷ棬Ȼʹϣ洦ɼСֲ׷֣ǸܴЩϵƤӵ߹ȥһ̤ǵľ䷶ΧҪ֡
δԣѾûϣ
սȭͷ֪ôˣûԼΪССôͷۡ
˵ŵҡ
Ҳû˵˫ץӣԾȥӼͣϸȴеԣ衽һȣѹڶϣȻͬķʽϵǰֻεҶȻСһƬӴ֣ǲ׺һڣûʲôˡ
ƺկҲû뵽ȻķʽȥɽĺӲ°衵һ֣ٶˢҶֻ֪Ľҿûôõ֡
һȥСʱɫڻ糾ͣȴǺҵǸ̳Ѿ޽С룬ϣҲȻ˸ϹһңҲ̫һԶţ˺ܶȴû
û
ͷһѵĽ
衵ͷ˵ȲҪۣһǲô׾ͻпӪ棬ֻйţҿˣ취ȥſԡ
취ȥ¶Ц˼ĵطôܽȥ
ȵȣ
룬лһĨϲɫ衣˵Щôץģ
˼˵һǵùһǷկɡ
ҿиľôҲһºկǲҲأ
ɫһ䣬ʶĿңǼᶨҲջ˱ȰĿʵ𣿡
һһҪ
һԣ㡣
ҡҡͷЦУȥһ˾㹻ˣҪӦǳ⣬ҲиԮ֡
ԥ˻ѡ˴Ӧ
ʱ˳˿֣Ѿ˺ܾˣЩʱ䣬ϸϼһҹΧ̽гϸƻ
ڶգһӲɹʳ˴ӿ˳ϳᣬΧկһѹһգŴСʳ׼ص֣УиӣԼұߵʳᣬŲ˵˹ȥɱģûꣿӺƴˣ
ֻһͨ˶ѣһ׳˶ĺկӽһȭ򷭣Դ˵𣿸Ҳӹկĺ
˵ţһߣҪҧ
ȻʱȴһʯӳԴ˹ȥһųһϢӳ˳ָҰˣڷŲұ


191 
վȻҡ
˸ȥҹȥҲ֪ȥĸҸһͷ置طҪŪﳣ·Ǻѵġ
Ҵ·΢װ£Ҳ֪ҳʲôֻҪ˵Լ˭֪أҹҲ벻һֱҪѰҵңȻԼܵǵĵ̡
˱һʯͷ˸ţɫһӣͭƵ۾ңȻҴңǲ𣿡
ʶһװһηȴǿŵģǿ˵ȻŶҧˣ֪֪ǷᣬôԶ˽ֻ̣ҪҪεģ

˶̫ɶ˼֪ģҵ˼ͷһһͻȻЦָ˵Сɵ𣿾ȻץȥΣ֪置𣿡
촽˵Ǵӱģ˵置羰Ǹңɷ磬û뵽һ·ϼĶǸֱУȺҰˣûа¿ԣ
ԭˣ
ŷҵĲͬһҲЦˣ
置ǳģ֮ǰҵǸͫһ˵ȻǴԭģ˵Ұˣ·㲻ߣŴҪ𣿺ܺãȥɣ㳢һ߲ҧʹ࣡
˵ţ̤ĳҳǿ׳ǽһһ㣬ֱӾץߣҪͰżʵľ籾̫һҪֱɱңûҴؿ֣϶ǲеģһ˶ֵ׼һڳȻ֮ɫȵһ˼飬Ҷʮ飬ҾͲûŶҧһңǧǧվ㣿
壬ļ
ŵĶھʱͣҵĶͷɢȥ࣬ҵٿһɵӣм˵ԭһɵ˵ԭˡ
˵ţɿңֱڵϡ
ͷŹСӣ

ôõ飬˱үҴؿ֣ԭ֪ʲôʵ
Ц˵
ұץ֮ǰڷˣק˿֣иǵ죬һŶҩ裬ݺݵ˵ǱֻܶȥȻ߲˼Ҫ⣬ԣԹԸ죡
ҲԸĵֿ˼£ǱǿӲ븹֮кǿҵķθУһ˿˿ĶԣڱֵĶգ֪νıܶӦǡϡġ
һ߸ŻһߴһץĵùҲһǱǾɥʧ˻Ƶñ˸ǰߡ
ҹȥѣôˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ҵӸո˺ӣҪʳﲹӪˣҪȴǰɵ£ֵˣûл߳ȥģҲҵĺˡ
˵ţ
Ұοȴ͵۲ˣƺҲܣϷƵóǡ
ҪҺͳǸλõʱҲǰţɣһ˼ֲģ置ĲҶǺܳġţң۶ǺڣȻǸˣĺҷǳл㣬лᣬҪȲ裬ĲѾʮͷˡ
ҵ˵ͷȴ˵Ҫл㣬Ȼҿûкʵɽ
ͷóһҩۣϣȻǰߣҩ֮ЩϾͲˣȻһկƺķ
Ǻܿ͵ӪأԶһȻĹִеһ̨ոµھͣߡ
û˿˻ǻųͷʹԭʼĹߣڣϰ鲼ŻĺˮкկԼӣ΢иϾһ£ֺֿݣͻһĺӡ
ʱεȻ̧ȥע⵽ԶһӣЩιȥģһˮܹôŵϢһѲûкֱ̧ǱߵĴ
ҿȥ磬ǿȴȻһƬҵɫңʬҰټرĻЩ϶Ҫİ
Ǳ˽ȥ·кü̲飬ǽᵽǵʱ˵ץĿţ֪ԼҪ֮ɫ԰ֽתͷҪܣȴץסһȺ˽ΧסñӺݺݳ򣬰ӵĹѾˣشסĺۡ
Щȫûֵ˼Ҫһܹȥڻ籩һҵϣʼǱһ£̲סһ뿪֮ǻۣҵĺˮӿˣʶĻᣬҴԸ
֣ͣиһԭˣû
Ѿ޵˼㣬ԣկˣҿѾŲɱ¾ЩŤˡ
˾Զһ棬һõͷţôͺջȥˡ
ţɱȥˣͱҪңû£ԭأҲûң˰Сʱ˸룬ĮĿңԭ𣿡
һæͷˡ
ָھ˵ǻǮŪĹߣû˻Ὺᣬ㲻Ҫ㲻ᣬҲҪɻΪ̫ˣֱӴιߡ
⻰˵ģûи˿ء
ҿЦ˵ӦûῪǰھǲɣҪϤ
˵ͷܺãʱ䣬һ磬Ҫ׼ʱȻ㻹
˵꣬ͷˡ
ұϵھϣҽҵŵϷʣ㣬Ѿܺˣ˸ɻһֻǿһˡ
ھϣỵ̂ȴһƬãǻˣǸûɣҪôҵأ
˭뵽置ҪоôھҸоܻơ
ҳٳٲһӾ˦˹ʲô㶣Ҹ㣬֮ǰǼԭ˲Ὺһֲ㣡
ԣɫһ䣬ڽޱȣȴ¶֮ɫôﻹԭ𣿡


192 ʹ
˾Ŀңʲô
һ޹ָ˵Լ˵İԭˣһĵطҵȻҪʰһ㶼Ὺɣôܲأ
ŷģűӲͷ˵ô֪զôһͺӣһ
ͺӣ
òǻɣ
ҵһᵽɤۣȻŬװνЩôͺأǴ˭Ϊʲôƺ
ͺӾͺӣûͷͺʲôǸߺߣ⡭˵ţŷӦһӾͳ˦ôʲôӰһ
ʵھĲ̨ûôѴΪеĹ̲ҲѣʵǱȽϼ򵥵ģĿ˿һȴƮ˳ȥӦǳ˺ܶĿͷɡ
òװڣǸûף˵һ˽ˣҪо£Ҿ죬ٴ뿪ˡ
ұñӸϽӪأΧդߣȴûΪ֩˺ڰ֩룬ÿһСӵô󣬱˵ˣǿһ۶ͷƤ顣
ӪǳйĶʬ۳һɴ̱ǵζűӣüͷߣȻûʲôأƣ˸һ˲ڵϣһûˡ
ҵţɣҷһطһˣէǱһٶȻǸǿȵĹô׳˶ҲԳˣǽǾ֮󣬲Щů㣬û°ɡ
ҵȻûµģţɵ⸱ģܣƿ·һͬƵ˿ڴĿģĺˮ֪ȥ٣˿ڶˡ
üͷ˵ȥҵҩ
ҵ֣ЦܵģǶûԵġ
ҡҡͷ˳ȥӪأ󵽵˳Уսߣ棬Ӫص棬һطˣйӪصڡ
Ҵһ·߹ȥˮǣЬʪˣûп޺ֻܿźľϢһƬſֲ;ӵ¡
û߹һ䣬Ҫ͸դһǲҪҵˣǣûаӦǿѹĲǰԽǰߣԽǿտˣ깤ˣ˭Ը⶯ſţ·˼õܣֻסˣŻҵĶˣΪԽԽ١
е䶼ǿյģ˵ʲôѾˣ
˵Ǿ仰ֵĿѾ˺ü磬һտķֵ쾡¡
𽥵ģǰڰһƬѾûסˣ˺ܾãûпһˡ
ѵ˵𣿡
ҵסȭͷ
ڣڿҪߵͷʱϸ΢ģһ
ǡӷ
о
һ̣·һɵӿҵ壬Ҹ첲˼Ƥۿ˲ʪˣפ㣬Ȼתұߵķ䡣
һڰС䡣
ֻһӣ¹һСУ¹⣬һȣǹˣŤ˳ȥ޷ϥһֳֻŵأһְֻǰžġ
ǻ
ֻҪһۣҾȷǲҪҵˡ
֪ѾˣֻܿϵĵѪѸɺԵģҲʵģһһ㣬Ϳϣ⵾ݶѪ졣
΢΢¶ĺȫ˿ڣмɼǣҵȭͷţΪָ״ģѪҶδҲ֪Žǹɴηȳͷѹȥ
һȴǶôƳҵǻǵһ㣬Һܣҵ촽£Сĵĺ
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𽥷֣ڻǳɵ״̬еȴδģľʹ࣬СУҪˡ
ҴڴĭȻתǰߣҵȭͷȻţҷģһҪկۣΪģֻΪ˻
ֻ֮мˣķﴫԣƺʹ࣬Ҳţһ˹ȥͿǽѪдһӣʼ໰ֻĹʹ࣬дҲѾ϶֮ƺѾˣдĶ߰㣬ƫԲ׶ûһ𣬸Ϳѻ
ҿһͷ䶯ǵģվ䶯һֻ֣մѪȻǽдţʱʱԣǣ˿ڣȻǼٵĴϢ
˵֮ǰĻۣôڵҷŭˣҴûмǹѪʬû
ҪǮļһûεļһŮ߲ļһҪûڲ٣˵кܶȱ㣬ǣҴûпĴڵȴǱѹ˼ǽڵͿѻ֣һĿ棬һֺܿЦķʽйԼĿ־塣
ʲô
ڴʱ˼ˣһǰļ롣
ʹı۾˻ȥȻһţǿԼһ㣬תӣ˵ǵģסһţˣϣõһҩ
˷ЦǾȥʲô¡
ҵࣺ޼۵ģǮ򲻵ģ˵ôô⣿
˵ǮֵʱԱ߷˻һЩҵĿ
иץһʯͷ˽ȥ죬ţӵʿ
˵۶ǿ⣬ӦģҴϸоһ˿˿
˾ֵķĽһֻè־һڽɪɪ
һ˶ǴЦƣǵʿéɽĵʿҿôһأ
ЩŤȭͷͼסɿſֻҪһҩһΪǺúùġ
붢ҿһ˵ðɣҹ
ǵǰȥҧݣ뿪
Ҳ֪ߺǸڽĿ棬ȴǰ˼ȾѪָЩƺ޹ƫԲмһһߣһ
ЩѪ֣Ȼ仮صĹâɫƺ˼֡


193 
üֵģԼһƿӣ˵ҩۣҵлصԼķ䡣
ţɶҵİм㣬ѵĿǽߣͿĨ˿ڣЩѵſţǹӰһ㣬һֱĲҺޣͬʱңô˻š
ȷǻţôӦ˼һˣǾ
ţɼüͷʵֵܣз£
ҡҡͷ˵Ƿ£ֻ˼Ҫô뿪ط
ţ̾˳ûϣˣЩկ˸ûԣ㻹ãٲܿ࣬ҿ°졣
դߣ˯һƬˣʱʱ̧һ̧첲ΪѾˡ
˵Ҹ˵ˣھҪ֣㣬㲻ҪģԻţԺԼĺӡ
ţԣ˿ڣһµҿͷֵܣлл㣬ӽˡ
ǿһЦҲûзϣţֻǸСʲôأҰͼرֻǵĿѣȻÿ˶ܿȴֻܰһ
ˡ
̧ľͰ߽ǰһľҵôդ
Щģڵ÷ǣᵽζһȻ˹ǵзųĹâǹѺʮդ϶ں֣ȥץľͰŹӵ˺İҹȥﲻ岻ţƿľͰóӲͷͳդͷ˽ȥİͷڻ䣬һĳţ᲻¿ڡ
Ҳ˰ͷǣţҲˣһҧ˿ڣüͷ³ȵģ
ҶţȴǺݺݵҧһڣǹɬζҼѵĽͷ£ĹâȴԽԽٵȴˣطһ춼Σգ
ͷĶһֱߵߣ˳ŻķһֻһֱоûᣬǼǰУȻ˹ת뿪ͷûгԣǴ·һߣͷӴڶ˳ȥ
һӣͷܿʪˣͷȴѾѪȾ졭
ĿƣŻ档
վϣӪأĿʬĴͣãǻ¶һ˿Цݡ
ڶ죬ʽʼҸ̤䣬͸оһ⣬û½ֱĸоȴǻ֮ȥʶ
ȥھĥһЩǵָ£̵ĿʼǱֵĺģҲӳһѧߵĸеʵչ죬ЧʼߣϾôҲȲϻеġ
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ҿܶʬһ𣬵Ѿˣɫȥܶģעȴһ㣬ҿǵԴЩʬͷ­ƺи׷룬кüԴ䵽ԵԵø
ѵ˵կɱ֮󣬻ҪԴ
˸ʣûǸϽӵˣûȥᰡ˭еûԴأ顣
ҾܲѰű˲ע⣬Ȼۣһ˲䣬ҿ֮кȫԹЩľףҲˣкܶ˫۾ڶңһë
ԹԲСƫƫ̾ʧȥǱѹһ㡣
ңʬҰϻʬֱ˶룬ЩԹжôĴһйǼֱǸѣ
ұɻ»ȥھ£ԲżȻĴӣ۵꣬еĻҩζһַĸоҿӪرԵСӣһ˿˿Ѫˮʣˮ峺ģȴۻ࣬ԭܼ򵥣ȻЩԵĶͷկˣˣԼЩļ룬ҪģԺźܶ󣬽һͷɱңѪ˳źˮʣʲôҲ˺ϰΪɼһĻÿ춼ڷġ
մȾѪĺˮҲմȾģⲻɺϣƺڲʲôƵá
һĹٴλصӪأǶĽңҼֱܣð򣬲ۣŰŪǸһ
ȴû˿˷ܣҷ˵ǣѾһ飬ɻĿûҲûлӦ˵˸߲ĵز˰ɣúկ˵ǵɶʱˣʬһ̧ӽǡ
Һܵǣţ˵ȥҩ
ȻٴγȥѾһΣѾ·ˡ
ڻķſͣѾûˣͷǽǣûгԹһڣſڵһ
Ȼӿһץסˣֱӽķ䣬Ѿ˯ˣС죬ԭǸգֲʶģˣԭ
Сĺ֣Ȼֻ߽Ľţ㣬Ҫ㣬öö㡭
ҽ£ȭͷ뿪ҪߣҪȴ衵ĽӦ֪ʲôʱ֣
ķֻǿһۣΪѾңֱ˹ȥС֮ǰץҽˣмˣžƺ⡣

ҩǼӦҵġ
һЦë˵θɣ򡣡
û˵
óһƿӣ˻Σ˸˵ݸĿҾͰҩ㡣
һ˶ǺЦ
ŭȴͻأĽ£ӳģܿɢˣڳ֮˶ûע⡣
ǰţҪˡ
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194 
ҲûҾȻҪݽĿҲȤ˵
ԭˣݺԡ
һЦָװĴ˵ӦǸնİɡ
˵ͷ԰
˵ôӦṵ́ɡ
ǿž֪¶ȺܸߣðʵЩࡣ
ǻǻشˣȻ̣ԡ
Ҷ˵Ҫݵħһ̵һҲ̡
۲˼飺ôܣҪˮ𣿡
ҡͷ˵ǿһ㡣
ǻ࿴һۣ̽ͷ
ٿһ㡣
ȴȻ
ٶȿֻмľ룬۾գҲգĶǴһĨЦ⣺ˣħǧҪŶ
䣬ҶǵϾ˹ȥһһȺҽУ۾ˣʹشָңԭˣˣˣҸ㣬ɣ
ץϵĶ̵һͿ絽ĸǰһţѪҵնմȾ˺ܶ࣬ҿ۶ŵ˵ΪҲɱʵɣҾǹҪץģ˵Ҫлأ
Ұγ˹ȥ۾̵ķ죬мݣŵңֱƷӣҵǵϣȻûȥüˡ
ֻʣһˣ˵Ķһ٣۾Ǻõģ˳ȥ˰췴ˣ췴ˣ
ݣ
ӪصĶһѽͷֱ룬ȫûڣֻһͷ
ϳˣҵн衴Ӹߴ£˳־Ͱѽ˳ѪҺԽӿʬصĵ¡
ȥ
ȻѾɱˣɤȴܴѾ˲ˣҵĽŲ
ҪȰɡ
ȴûɵ˵һ䡣
ֵĿʲô˼
ҪͣȴǸоһɿֲӿ˳դϿȥⷽ򣬾ȻǸʬĴӣ
Թʢޱȣȴ䷨ѹסڿʬԽԽ࣬ԹҲԽԽʢտȥǵԴԹ˼£ʮ㣬Ũʱڴб˺ܾõҪŰˣ
Щп˵Ҳһ˿档
е˼ˣ˵ⶼɵģ
衵ͷ
һŰ췢Ĺ죬СӣۿԿȴûκζĴӣСΧۣȴûκξٶǣһӣƺϵİţͻȻ֮һߣȴγɱУ
ֱӾͳηȥȻȴѾˣǽЩѪдƫԲף˿̶һһ˸Ѫ⣬Ǿ죬ôɵģ
Щƺϵ屻һӵһ𣬾ȻγһֵķţֻܱϳǴϿģЩţǹϵģ߱ŲĿ͡
û뵽ȻַʽдˣһУǸӣȻͱˣôûзʹ͵ӣֻǼÿ춼αװѵḶ́ȵȫд֮󣬾Ƿʱˡ
ҳ濴ȥѾڱһƬı
ԴϰٸѪµӰһ˳ǵ۾ӿԹǰʹĻһһ˸һֲĻ棬˻ʧԭأѾӪ˽
Ǹĳޡ
һֱߴתǣãɢǱʲôһ㣬ҲʼӪصķε𾯽ϲ£꣬ʲôأ
ȫӿӪأһ𣬾иħ׺ݵ˻
Ӫ˲ը˹ЩѰŽԼףһĳǵǵǵͿһ˺úõţͻȻɫһ䣬Թץߵ˾ҧȥ˺ѵƤ˱Ѫ
ڵµſǣҲ˻ǺܲһµӰ˶ˣ֪˭һй
ֻǻᴫȾģһ˿ʼܣͻ˸ţȻӪصǶţǷĳ˳ȥ·˱˵ͬ˺ҧȻʹÿֻżӾ磬˶ʼܣкկҪתۼͱĿƷڵϣ֪ٴŲ˹ȥ
˾ȫ˳ǴӣѾˣܣû˿⣬һţվſڣ˻֣ʹ棬ֻҪͼԽߣͻ˳Ķ䣬ͣǿףֱҧһӣȻ強ȥ
ʮ˵ڵϣڣһһĵģжʹ޷ݣûþһĿȥ
һĻסͼӵˣɪ˺󣬹Цǰһߣ
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ͳ衵ԵúֲܿɫǷ֮ɫҷģʱ˭ӵǻһãЩѾѹ˼ĿǣûпڵǴĿң֪ʲô
ö˵ָŲԶļ̳Ǹʲô
ЩʶĻͷȥ
һ£ڵϻһۣ˵޵ļ̳ΪӦҲˣʲôЩĲˣǹ֪𣡡
ץסһľĿ˼ûԣںկɱǣȻǾˣҲðҲɹΪǵǰǿҪ˲ݣԸ𣿡
ܶ˵ĿѾˣȴֻǶݣʶ˽ʲôǸвͨģǵԸѾЩŤˣһ˵ǣĵһ仰𣿡
û˵ȴ˵һС
ָż̳ķ˵˾ʵǱûйΨһĳ·ֻҪǹȥƷ̳ǾܻŻؼңԼˣȻΣգҡ
һֻ˵һ룬˵۾ˣǸûĻ໽̳ķ˹ȥ̾˹Ȼˡ
ǣǵĳ˵ȴһ£һ˶飬һ塣
󵨣ʲô
ĵӷ֣׷ӣзɳֶ˲ЩͱɱС룬Щ긽ǣҲʼת˷򣬳׷˹
Ǭ޼跨Ωа
̤ǹഫĲÿһϣϵаȫ۳һɽâڶסʱȴǻð̵
ܵ˹裬գ۾˰֮⣬̳Ѿǳˣ
ƺʤ⡣
裬֣ҪȥҪżǣ
ǰʵĺһ
һǿļ˲ˣԼΪʲôƴϣǰֻҪƷ̳ܻųȥӦǱһɾ˷ӳ飬ƽʱƤϵʱ򻹸Ҫʢ
һȺʶ̧١
ȻҪˣмڣǴʼվǿϷһ㣬һһЦóһҩۣſȥ
ҩۣһ֮Զ׽Щŵ飬ǵϣпܵĶͣ͵طʹԸӣƴţƤӳѪӵļ˹ͷȻǹǲ
ǹŵҪʲôһҩۣɱˡ
ĶˣʶԼ뷨Ƕô棬⼸ţʤǧ˭ܹͻأ
ЩһƬƬȥҵĶڵѪǳĻ⣬Ҳǲ
ʱȴͻȻ˻ĺ
置Ƿǳ֣һͷһȴǷţɿھ˹Ƿ񣬳鲼ű޺ۣһŽŲȵף
ֵܣкñģһڣҰ㣡


200 СϮ
ɫͻ䣬۷ţԶȥţɣճĺӣѵͲȥˣ
ţûֻĲţȻȻĳǰȥһβھҲѾǿˣһֿܻ᲻ӦẦ£ѾĴ־ţ˵Щɡ
ʵ㲻ƭңҶãͲܻŻȥˡ
ţɰ̾һЩʬ壬ż̳ٿǶɵˣʩ߰ҩۣ֮Ķ棬ѸپھⶼûõģڼʻҵţɣЩĺԽԽ󣬹ȫˣ˻Ƶɤӽк
ס
кկͼȻţɹЦֱӾײ˹ȥǻеҲΪѧ𽥱ѧȡԭ򣬵һͨӵле֮һʱ֮䶼κΡ
ţվǳ˹ȥЦЦЦдǸ⣬ȻҾ˺¡һ죬ھصײڼ̳ϣ̳Ĳ䣬̳ʼ̮ھҲð˹Ũ̡
ʮկͼǰȥȣȻѧǣԤϵ£Ǹոտʱǹ̵һŻ棬ȻھǱըˣп˶Ʒ˳ȥʯɳ䣬ֱӱ
ǿŴݻٵļ̳ӻ˻Σиֱ³һѪɷҲ
ҵ۾ѾģˣʲôСϮ˭뵽ţɾȻ飬֮ǰĵĿҼʻһ̵棬ѵԤϵһӦ޽֮գҵУֻлںޣҿļ̳˵ʵҸôãΪҩΪ˵ֻһȥѰҵĻ顭
;ϣǳɸѻķ羰Ǹ͵ӣҼסţˣһе嶯ȴС
ǱߵıըҲɫ䣬̳̮еɱԽԽŨǾˣ
ϱһɿֲƣֵƣһƺƱԵ֮У̺ǿɫһһ̤նԪ֧ڿжݵһƣֱӾͰĺϣѪɶڲϺ˵ĹУ·һƬƬѿǸ˺ɫѪ
ţԶŻļ̳ҰһЦɵƯ
仰Ǽŭϼһ̫ԴˣнʰʵӲǵȴôãԽܵĺĽ裬ҪͷˣôܸģıϣŲЬףϸºϸµţ˵һ顣
αȵŤȻǺķ˵ɵƯĶӣ㣬Ϊ˼̳ҵҪôկ
ɫ࣬һؿڣܴ߳˼֮⣬ٶ³һѪǹŲ̵Ц⣺Ȼǵͷ­
ǰҪնɱȻȴǼʱϵһ⻮ĻߣӲӿܣһ衣Ȼȴʮѽɣס
һĻԵĲģһֱǿˡ
ԽϾˣ˭öԷԼܲƽ⣬˵ƽЩ֣Ť˼֮ɫҵ˸ǰ֮󣬷İӣҸо˲ôˣ
û˵ֻеɫЩңһһǷһǼʡ
ѵħ
ҾڵģڵϿĺħĶ˵ÿĵ棬ƽʱû£һЩܴ֮ȴǻ䣬һ֮ҪͬǱħң¾ͷˣ
Ҿһ亹δ뵽Ҳħץ·ĸһ£
ȴȻãûаָѵƣҧҧָų˵ˣ㲻УȲϳ衣ô㣬ʲôħԸˣĿˣӲ㻹Ǯˣ
Ҳ֪ôſھ˵û뵽ЧҲ֪ҵĻԼսʤħеãʧһһ֮Ȼ󻺻ʧ˵
£Ҹоˣָо֣˻Ǹˣȴδһ㣬ȻһʸУ³һںѪɫȴǺ࣬һȻеɢ
̴嶥ͻˣ
ҿû뵽ȻøͻƵ˵һ籾֮
˱ĵԵøӼᶨ̤Ųʩչé֮һʦүϼһﻹûУǵɵı飬΢֮ȴ¶֮ɫɵСӾȻͻˣ
ĳүܸˣȴǷǳʧΪʲô㣿
үݺݵһ£˵㶮ɶӣé֮Խߵ˾Խҵʦ棬ǳҲֻܷɵʵҾͲһˣͻ֮ӵ൱ұ˳ɵ
˵ţүųڵɱ˹ȥ
Ȼ֮ȴǱı˻ţүǳ˳飺ղǲӦ塣
˵꣬ٴȥȻȴǳ׷ŭˣйͷסүĲӣҺүһնϣȻֻҪүٴα˻߳ŭ۽ų˹ȥͳ衲ս
ҿŲ׵ү֪̫ǿүӦûûͻƵڶ磬Ķ֣οĻֻǰ˳ɵг衰æҲǳ顣
οôĹڳǵǴӼ̳Ǳ߻عǾΣˡ
ϥ£ȥŭǣ㲻Ҫװҹ


201 ɱ
Ҳүľ磬УӦòĶ֣Ҳ˵үͺȻһδαˣûˣڱԼǰ£ʱʱĻҪ£ȻЧһ㣬ȷס
Զļ̳ŻҲ֪ǾʲôĲϣ̳ȼյĺӿޱȣկͼȻȴǶڻ𺣣ȴȻԸˣ̳֮жȻʲôĶǲ
㹻ʱ䣬ҼǣȻ𲻵κЧһﳹ׷һеĸ֪ǧ֮ſϳ
ҺΣûжǰ˭ܹԸأ
У㲻Ҿͱ
ʲôǷǳģζռȵĿȨǧᦣΪĿ꣬ȵɹ֮ʵɻһµĳ̶ȣʱ꣬ͺлˡ
֮ǰǾǲ뿴ΣյģǰεİæȻܶɷֲӣϵԭǶǲܿΪˣҲͲˡ
ԣҵǶΨһ㣬ֱϥḥ̂ٶתĽʹٴӿ˳ҵ˲ʹ࣬ӦΪһһǿңʹѻһ̶ȵʱ򣬾ͻٱĽ֣ȻҪסһԲܱһɢˣʹų군ˡ
һΣҾһѣ򲻵ѣǲģֱӵżƬͶ뵽ĥ֮УżƬ˲ӿӴ󵽲ɹļ䡣
һһϿΪûл¸٣ɽ
һصصũֲһׯڣȴǱᡣ
һ˲еˣӳ϶֣ڽͷ
ġ
һ𣬾ֲͬζȴһҵļβƣ˲ͰҽһͿ綼תѣƵӿŵģǼ佻һĸӡ
Ҫ󺰣ȴЩ⣬Թһ룬ҵѪҳʹ֮޷Գ֣
ҸоҵĻѾʼˣԲĴۣڵΪᾧ̫ȻҵȴǷ񣺡ǣҾͲţⶼ
ûҾҪƣΨһĳ룡
ǰĶǣҲΪƿأѡͬھڣǧᦣѾʤ⣬ôԸأҾƶһ㣬Ц㲻ϳǰɣ
ҵŵᾧҪͶ뵽ĥ֮УڴʱҵȴӿһɲȻŭ⣺𣿡
ͻأĳ֣óûɣǱǿдˣˬĶҡ
¶һ˿óѵЦݣܺãӦԼʲôɣ
ǵ裺Ҫң
һ֪ģҲܿų衺£ԡ
ֻǶңȻ̧֣һϢӿ뵽ĥ֮УҸоһ˿˿⣬ʹƺһ࣬żᾧжǻҸоԼЧʿ࣬һûʲôΣգⲢûҾ˿ϲãз䣬ǾȻ˵ʲô
˵޿֣ұǿѾ˰ٷ֮һ׵ģɵ꣬Ϊˣ
ֲĽۣҵɫˣȻҵ뷨üë˵ΣһΣΪ´ҳʱ򣬾Ͳٻȥˡ
˵꣬һɱǿͱ鲼ҵ塣
˿ҸǱ۾С˯һڣȴѾ췭ظۣɭȻ⣬һʵĿ̰˵ζ
ҡվ壬һĳȥ
һŰȫϵ˲
ڶ֮ʱѾʼƽ޹ʵɢ
һĻܶĵӸоͼɱȻǿÿǣӻһͣɭӡֱӷ˳֪ΪʲôڶиָһɭӡųɫĹâЩ꣬ȫХ֮ɭӡµĿհ״γһī
ǵɭӡ
ۼĵ˳̧־Ҫᡣ
ҵĶԺǱ֮Ҳ죿
ǸɭӡᴵһɭӡתĵĹâӵӶʼƴסȴûЧӿзɿĶĿ־ɭӡǿߡ
ӸҶ
иϵĹ趼ߣǿʮĹô˶ߣ޵ʧȥǣֱӾͳ˹
ȻȴֻЦһ̤ȻкԺ֣ѰԹ֮Ǵһ⾳⾳ÿֵˣ֮飬ǵ˲䱻Ȼһ޿ĸо
òѹĵһãȴѾˡ
иͷ­һӹ֮ǰĳ۲ֻʣͫСǱ־סͷڶ𣺡Ķңֻѡһǽܣڣ˵ɡ
¶˼֮ɫվǲʵ˵ѡһ
ǵ˵ͷſȻ󳤽һɨųϸ߸߷ͷ­߽һ˵˼ҼǴˣһǽܡ
վһվǰ衺ѾѪǷ׷ʩչ˷ɺǿҵĵʱȥÿ˶ɫ԰ֽ
һɱǣû뵽ȴǸоһΣգܾ죬Ķҡ
ĿϸɱӵĲӦҲŶԡ


202 ʮ
֮ǰʲôӣʲôӣ˵ȫˣңӥһ¶Ȼԭ㣬ɱҶӵ֡
ҵһЦɱе࣬Ӳһֻ㣬־ɱˣû뵽˼ǵ졣
㣿Цﺮ˸㽲ĵҲûӣѧշݣȷһֻ㣬ǣϾҵĶӣɱ˳Ǳ顣
ֻһ˿ʶ۲ںܲΪǱֵ̫ǿˣȻ˵֮ǰҲûͥŲһ⣬·ԸЩ˸ö᲻ɴ˿ɼǧᦶж⻹ֻһ룬ԺǳҪ޷ƣ
˵ʵ֮ǰһһ˿룬Լᾧ˵ǿѹסǣһ˿Ļ붼ûˣİ취ҿֻбһ³
ǱϾ֮Ҫǵ飬ҵעǷڵ£Ҳ֪ǲĶ֡
ôҲ֪ȴǱֵʮ㣬˵ϹȰһ䣬ԼģҪ£ѾˣҸʱȥһˡ
Ƕ𣿡оԼ۶ˢˣŶ˵ϷһͱضʼɣһѾǧѣλڶ
˵һܲҪĻǽŹҸ
ɫȻ࣬ȭͷһһٵ˵˭նҪ
䣬һ̤˲䣬ϵĺԶ£ȴûеڵ棬뵽Ӱ֮У۾һӰں֮īȻĿ֮£ӰһӣȻͬѿһ˳и첲ȣ沿仯ģ
һģһͬɢſֲϢѹƾ޴ͬˮһӿıиֳ֮ɫóҲѶԸ
ְɡ
֪˭˵һ䣬ȻͬʱͷһηԼ澹Ȼ̺ӴǱһнǲ֪ʱȻѾѧ˳ҵʩչҪǿʮֹ˿Ϸ죬סй
ȴϢһģһǵʵҲԶغ֮䣬Ѿ޷ĸǱ壬ĸǷˡ
ӵģϼһﻹ
үſھǹʧúûӡ
û˵ֻϥţĿ⾯үϴүСɶ˼Ʋүҿ衸ûлش˼һƫͷȻûãȴͻȻ˵Ǻɡ
ϧûеӦ衿ȥʱȴѾˣʶų˵֣ûôʶְࡣ
ǳ鴤£Ȼĵһ䣺ôͱ˰ˣ
һӾ˷ˣȴʹڳ衿ˣ͸ӵĻᣬȻ˵ƾ˵һүǳôɶٴŮǱСˣ
ƤҲȥ
߱˺ܾã˵ˣĵʼȴǵǵĿߣǣ˺ܶడ
衵Ҳ΢΢ء
ǱôҪ˵յĽҶ֪
Ѿʮغϣ˵ܲȻܹôò·磬ȻȴĸоѾЩˣڵԸЩ
ܲҶҲûˡ
ʼԹֳ֮ű飬ͬʱ֣Ǿһ㣬޷
ǰ˺üȭϢѾ̧࣬һɭӡƾЩɫĹâȻ䳯źɫתԿɭӡµЩīֿʼģǶǳɭӡ׼Ҫһ
ȻħɱӣǸӣֻˣҲһ
̧һɭӡĺڹⶸȻӣγһѺڽڽͨ͸ûκɫÿһƺɫ֮У̺ǧ֮⣬ɭӡⷨļӳɣʹڽǿޱȣһƬĿռ䶼е㱻ⶳ˼
ܴ󣬵ΪķͿԶԸ쿪
ӡӭڽ໥һʱ֮䲻ʤȴͻȻ֣ɭӡǿջء
ң
Ǵŭ޵ľǵֵĶߣ
˵ˣ쿪֮ȻĿֶΣʲô
ߵЦɭӡá
ƺѾ߳ŭˣʮ𼱵Ŀ񱼶ɭӡǷ˻ȥãȻӡȴȻųâصײؿڣȫû뵽ģ³Ѫţôܣ
Ѿ׷˹㲡ҪнֱӴСѪ˳ŽʣΪܴȻɢ£Ӱǻع飬ֻǰ࣬ڽʣ޼ǴָһǵЦɭӡǹ֮Ǳˣɭӡ˵ȻǱ׽˸û뵽ϵˣ޴
Ѿǿ֮ĩˣ¶Ȼ֮ɫԭ㲻ˣ˵ô֮ʱɭɭǸĴԲǼٻǰĹ˺ȴǺˣЦɱ̾
̾˵ţȴûκξ֮ɫöǺ֣㲻
һЦô
£Ǳһ㣬Ļǣ˳
ϣ
ȻֶΡ
ǵ۾ȻΪ߳ĻǲһаЦˣǡ
Ķӣ
ʮ


203 
ʮ˲䣬˵ǶǣҲˣΪʲôһﻹڣ
Ϊиص㣬ǾݣɱÿˣֻصĻᣬһ㶼ҪɢģʮȻ⡣
Ȼ˿ȴǾôǰ̬͵һģһϤϢ˶ɵˡ
Ϊʲôϣȴʮأ
ڣǰᣬŨʮɫʣôܾȰɣǲǾãΪʲôڣʧǲǾúֻܿţҾҪȡǵ
һе˵һǿҵԹǳԹ̫ûûмĲ
촽۾һգգĶʬꣿĪһ˫ꣿмֿܣֻСѾɱˣΪʲôǻأ
ʮӱ仯ƺЩԸԱ任ĺ𽥱ӣŶǣ˵ˣˣһеģԪԼʮԪΪľǾۼĻǣ̫ˣɱˣѾ䣬ƴղֻðҵĻ֮УǸӣһУΨһİ취
ԭǺĳ׳գУʱʼɣľõգ
ֱʮݺݵ˵һлɵģ㻹˵գұҪɱ㣬㸶ۣ
죬¶һڰǸӣǻ࣬СӣɱһΣɱڶΡ
ʮŭҪȻȴǻˣ̾ϢɵСӣ̫ˣֻǹ⼤ŭ㣬ͷ
ʮ˻̧ͷһԭɭӡƺ͵һʮɫһ˵޳ܣ
ƿأⲻ޳ܣǻۣӣҪѧϰ
˵ţȻǰȭ֮䣬Ԫۣγһɾ޴Уأὣ赲ȻȴȻǱˣأ³һѪǺ⣺Ȼˡ
ûмǴĻǳôΣͷһˡ
Цţϣ޾ԪУΪҵĶ֣
ҧݣнɭӡâţ£ȴֱӱɶǲռϷ硣
о仰˵ģ˳磬ʲôûЯȻѧ֮УȴһĽͣڳǰһ̣۳֮꣬ĻǣΪɣΪ֦ҶĸԴ
ѧкܶ࣬һ˵豹棬ľ
ʲôǷ豹棿˼壬صʼ״̬ôʲôʼ״̬أ뵱ɣ˵»Ȫָľеһ̶֮󣬻ǿ֮䣬޾̤ڤظ
һּߵľˣȻܴﵽֻǳ꣬ˣѾǿޱȡ
αƴȫܣѾ˺ۣһֻҰޣͷһؾԼ˵
ѵǶĶ
ʵǶˣһֱԹۡ
Ȼͳ衡
һֱţܵǣ˭ΪΣգ˵ڶǻǶ͸ģҪ
ƫƫȴôãǲͻƵһ㣬ǣʵ֣˵϶ģ
˼˵װƹ֣ô㣬޵еģܹ⣿ԵԪѺǲһȼ
Ƥ˶˵֣ô˵ȴôΪ˾㣬û㣬ǣ϶ȴԼԼ㡣
ɫ˸˼ʮ
ͷɫԣ
衻ͷ˿Ŀ⽻㣬˴֮뷨˻𻨣ֲԸϣͬʱһתͷȥ
սѾ뵽˰Ȼʵ׼ȷ˵ӦǶǵŰҿԸоץһʵȴʩչϵһ취ҲûС
Ĳ࣬ʹڲܡ
ٴνǴڵأ˵̳ˣϷĹҲڣֻҪɱ㣬ʧϷԳܣϷߣĹҪعһָɫĵӣġ

ŭ𣬹չУ޵ģԴǡ
ȻŲæɵƿ򣬼ѹŶǣҰһѺܸӣһ治ϣ̫ǿȻճһֲϣ䣬ΪǶҪ군
ɶûôֻ࣬ŭĳҺ𣺡Ѿǧᦣֹˣ㣬㺦˱
ѾʤȯŽ׼ǵʺ
ȻڴʱȴǴеףѾˣҳгУ
ʮĿ룬ԥﻹ¶һ˿Σ彻ʮ
ЦһȲҪҫĺӣ˵֪ҵ˰ɣ
׳գ
мͬʱ衣˵ȴ˺ܾãʱ˰νԼǿֶΣ׷뽣ǵصӿǣҲѪⱬ䣬һ̵ʮؿڡ
˹ֱˣ׼óʰоֵʮһӲ֪ôźãһԼǽ޵е״̬ɵ㶵վţεĻңףףҡ

һ̾Ϣֳл˲䣬ǺĬͬʱ뿪һ˲ը̹סߡ
ԶȥıӰ۶ŭڵʮӦǿͰͣǸСģվڻˣȻ̾Ϣ
ô㶼ҵĶӣ´ΰɣһɱǣΪ㸴ġ


204 ִկ
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ȵ׷ȫȥ֮ǲһ˲ڵϡ
ҲƣӦͷһ˳Զǵ۾滹дŭСĵĽ䱸ľ飬ǺпܻһЩľٶȻ죬ȴʲôûĿ˳һۣȻˡ
ҵĻǸգͷβǶû˵һ仰۵ʱǾ֪һˣüͷʲô
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ҵ˵ͷկΣ֮ڵģ֮ǰңжȻССԸ϶Ҫġ
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۾ˮʦɽʦ壬ʦȴҲ㶪֮бʹ࣬˴ȣҪǣʦ廹ԣǲԸⱳңǾͰҷ°ѣҪȥʦ
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ҲǲĿ˻һۣСƺþࡣ
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ŵֱ֮˵կģ㡣
ñʼ¼ӱɫ糣⻰֮ȴ¶Ц֮ɫ˵կ


205 
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˵ϢʵӪһ󣬵ûгãָֻӣʶկѾɢˡ
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˻ţȴˡ
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ǵҡһ˵һ룬ͻȻ䷴Ӧɫһ˵˭Ļ˪ĸ˪


206 ľ
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ʼ˪һ̸ûκ˱Ȼĸ׺ַͨʽıկǼŮֻǺ˵ڣ˶ڴڴǣǸ֪ҵвģΪ˵ĹģԼĹأɨˣңկҪͷֻҪ˻ڣôկȻܹؽǱͷģ˪֪֮ȴҵ˶ľңӦס
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ЩҺȻЩãʧȥ˷ҾԼ֮ǰķŭһЦĴǴǰҸ˵Щʲôأ
ſҵãһֿԼһĴȰկѾˣЩأѾˣܹȻѩôʹ߰ɣõҲʺ
˵ţǲʮ꣬׷ڷз裬壬ԽԽԶ
ʧ˻һ˻衺ʶûңһҹշת֮ӭկĶ֪ͨկ˰Ӫء
ƫƧɽȣֱӰᵽ˹կеĺĵشֻһλկӣʸӪĴԲ˵
ҶܸˣԼƺʰկϡ
Ҹڶ棬𽥵ĵӣһˣȦЩԺš
ȻʱҵǰȴǺȻһסҵԴֱӽϽԱߵĹʶȴһŲס͡
ʵ㣡


207 
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ȵȣҵȻ伯ղ˵ʲôƴ᣿


208 ƴ
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ҶӰ֣ûȫָɫԵø԰ס
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ƨҲ֪ǻƾկľǰԤĶóȱ置ķ񣬶ľǾ֮һɣկǲǱôģ׳ƣֻΪ˳µİľơ
˿壬ҲЩգƣˡ
ҶǱȽǵģ˼˵
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ڵϣżȵǿգȻһҹιҷĺ䣬Ķľƣֻǵһμ棬ȴǲҪҵǳһ˫Į۾ŨŨĲ֮飬һ˾Ҫμӣ
ҶƤҲգģһǶƣһʧܣɣľƲֵġ
ûһϣ𣿡
ҿҶϣܵõһõĴ𰸡
±ڵıƻڣһᣬֻƣͬͨĽϹƣڹйʮ˹ʮϰͼշûһ˳ɹȥμӼᣬʮδڵĲ֮ȻˣޱȣֻЩ츳Żߣշ֮ʵͻͽֻһҪΪţȹŻҪǿ
Ҷǻ֮ɫ˵
ô𣿡
ĳ̲סʵ
һı֮ڰ룬ӦҪģ²ᣬֻǲ֪ﵽҲʧҲ˵
Ҷԥ˵
ҵĿⰵȥŶľƵ۾ӿɱ⣬ҵģټϳ֮ǰկĵ⣬лᣬӦǲŹҵġ
ɱңҺγɱأ
վ𽥵ļᶨΪ˻ƣΪеĲʣҵñҪƴᡣ
Ǹ棬ҾЩڴ
ҹɫ˹ŵ⣬û˯һյ͵΢΢ҡҷҸտʱѾ·ɣ𣺡ɡ
˽ȥ˹ţͷҵɢţϴŴֲ£һũ̫ҽһǰ
Цţӵ²ΡΡһӣһƣһ֣ࡣ
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ǰ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôá
ི֮ǰկǷ飬ξǻˣң˸ڲ˵ȥȷҲ̫ڶЩϳͷҲǰǡ
Ű˰֣ʾ뿪
ҳ˹֣תˡ
Ҳ֪ϵĹףһ߳䣬һڵϣȴȻϵӿźӪأȻӿ
կҪӢۣɢˣþۡ


209 Ļ
ƴᣬھС
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֮ʣҶҲ̫ӵկ׳Ľʵ̫ˣǿǻư
置ƾʹɵһ졣
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̨һɽƽ棬ԣ·һնų̨Ե⻬羵ûκΰ͹ʵϣֻǴȻһۣկ˵صǹĶͣشҪٰ̨졣
̨Χ㹻󣬵ȴҲͷܶѹѹȺţ˺ͨУҺл˼ѵǰߣСв֪ĸһ㣬Ƶץϣʱʱͷһ򣬺˵Сʦ壬Ҫμӱ𣿡
ֱһ£ϻ˵ٴˡ
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Щ½կеկӣȻûйѪһ˷ܣկֱʹһߵҫ
ǶԶľϹϾʱ񣬺ߺЦӦЩԭĹկҲʵۺߣմ˳ţЩկǶԺ󱲵ĽǶ̬ҲܲΨڵʮһԶʽ
կܼԶϣüͷΪʲôҾȻڵʮѵկկ𣿡
ԶɫһʶĿľȻȴǸûһ㣬Цݿĺ˵
һźţԶмּɵˣиΪֵģֱӣϲ̨棬Ҳկ
Զ֪ľǿҪôկԲһԡ
ֻĳĬȴΪ䱾˵֪կ˴βμӴȵ˭أ
ԶҪ˵ȴȣ϶˪С㰡˵կţȻҪկˡ
͸˫һĻӦˣ֪˪СѾǶľδΪôɷΪأ
ܼеԭֲկҪиŮ˵Ҳܰһλʮ
һúЦԶǺȭͷסɿ
ľмƳһۣȴǰ˰֣ˣҪʼˣλҪɣ֮

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չأǴʮ˹կʼ˵ʮһҲկʱ򣬹ȴǶ˶٣ֱ˵ʮ
̨ٶЦܼЦ춼ϲ£ˣ˰Ȼķˣ֮
ӦͣկȻҳ˶û𣿡
ԶɫΣ˵ĶʵԼ޴ӱ粵
һһŮϸ̨ľһˣ˵ǺȺȻ˳ɵߣû˿ϴŵЦݣƺʤȯա
һ֣˶ΪҪʼʱȴ¶һζɫȺ˵һˣկ塣
壬ҵĻ֮ǰڿֵʱùһƣȻСͷ˸̨
Ǹˣ
ܶ˾ԭΪֻжľһӣû뵽ֳ˵ڶ
ľҲһʱ䷢ңȻת䣬ƫͷȺеǳƺһãȻŵڣ
կȻҲ˸ϳ˭˵𣿡
˵ǵֵȺˣǿ̨ϣҲеըЩΪկϳĹկԼ۾
˵õûϳأһ˭Ǹˣ
կứȡ谡֪Լûϣ˸ȡߣƤô̶ֳܺȣĪΪСܺͶľ𣿡
ܼǴӱǿ﷢˵
ȴ֪ʱԶҲסˣѹû˵£Ҳǲ֪飬Զ۶ǵǣ˵Ǻã
կҲ¶м֣Ⱥͷһ㣬±ϳկʱ̧ͷȻ˵硣
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ȵһڿʼ
ȤĿһۣʽ


210 Ͷ
ıƴǿһһȶı׼ܹﵽôͿԽһ֡
Ϲƣ置ҲӦ㷺һֹƳ棬֪ϳɣҶϹȻҲһɣҶȴͨĲǰס
ΪϹʳ˵ʳһ£ûй̣ԵɣҶ٣һأǿɣҶ
ޱȣʵȴһˣϹƶãôǼ䲻ϸġ
һʼ˳Ƭɳɳ
ֵĲϹƣɣҶйſСڣһĳţÿ˶ǽŵĶŲϹƣЩʱȽϲģѾͷ󺹡
Ϲƺܿͱֳʳıԣ̳ɣҶĶʱ򣬾Ǳƴʱˡ
½կܼҵͮС㣬ʼùˡ
ͮһ귽ʮĹҲܼҼΨһŮƯ㹻㣬β裬ŽŵĶڶҲǱһˡ
Ȼ־֮£ⱾЩ͵ĲϹƣڴڵ̳ɣҶ
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ܼҼ̲סкã˵ȻһΪ˭֪ǻ϶ǶľԤõģֻҪܹͮǰʮҲǹҫˡ
ͨկӺ͸կϻڣѾˡ
կ֮˶жصطϹһһ㣬ĳɣҶկӣȻҲڳԣԲʵ
һСڣҪ̭ɲߡ
ǸկСڸ
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Զձ˵̧ͷԹŵԹҪϳҲ֪һһʲôˣҲôҡ
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Ƕľ⾪˵ٶȣֱţ
ΪģľȻǹעص㣬ոշͱ˴ˡ
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ǸկСӣ治֪ڸϷҶУ
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ҳϹƣɿһָŵСһȻģҵָĶƤᰴţΪڰĦ۾ȻȴǻۿɼģϹͻȻ䱩ƺҪҵӳ
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ԳʤȯյĶľƣҲǺɵĿߡ
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ڽʳԷƴĳɣҶԱְ֮ĶӣϹʶҪ£ֵŤ޲ӻȥԹԵĽûɣҶӲٴ˳
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ģȻԲϹƣ
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ģǷ棬ķ氡
Ⱥ鼤ܣ˸ߺҷ棬ҹ
Ȼǰֻǹ涨ˣ˭ĲϹƳԵö࣬˭ܽû˵³㲻㣬ҲͷһͷӶһ󣬻ѡ˱
կȻ޳ֵܵز
̨ϵļǶɵˣԶǿһֻ⡣
Զ࣬ľö̧ͷ
ͬĲǣҲǲмĳңľƱһ˿ɵ˿Ҳǳ׿ˣЦһ˵ֻͶȡɣΪǡ
ȥܱô룬ҵץϹƣʼ£֮Ұ˽ȥСһＸҪˣûô̬ˣһ߳ɣҶһᣬֱԱˣҲּͷ
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ȻȻģҽˣĲϹƱȥƤԲſţԭ۲ѣݺݵҡ
ڶڣս
̭һ֮󣬸̨Կտ࣬ΧһССĿռ䣬ֺλá
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Ϲƣ汾µ֡
տʼгʮ˳ҷĳ˷ܣҪӡ
Ȼľȴûκ˸ڿ˫ۣĿΧĻ档
ûãͱľŵתͷҵߣͫȻ˵ôܣ


211 
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ôܣ
ֹһţһһʬ屻˳ٶȼ֮죬һ㣬
ľɫǳѿֿȺ˹Ϳդֻ߰򼣬ȴǱֳһֹһֻ򼣬ϱ鲼˿ڣѾǿ֮ĩˣȻ򼣬ȴֻǶţҿ
ľͫһļʶķ˲ԾЩ򼣬ӦòǶţǿ־壡
ڲһ𣬲Ϊ˱ģǺ˵򼹥ǣԲűܵıţһ
֣öľͷأңȴӭĮȻ
û˿¶ȣնģǸûаѶľƷһ㣬ָо˵ǷǳİģΪľҵʲôʱȺģʱӹ
֪ʵҶҵʩչŹӡ任˵˫ĿѪ죬˹ȥ
һ򼣬ȻҪһ֮жԶ߰˰Ķ֣ƫƫЩ򼣬ȴܾһ㣬ӴܣΧȥ
ϰϣʲô
ͷǺЩԸկӵŮǣ׷־ǣȴûκεã˵򼣬һɱ񣬽ЩһҧȻϾվǵʬ棬һߣڽܳǵĤһ㣡
⻹ǸͶȡɵС𣿡
µĹڶɵˣǰ̫Щܲˡ
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֮ǰ̧ͷկӵܣ˿ȴ¶ϲɫڼ֮£¶Լկݣ˵ڣǾʶԼʧԣʶȥ˵ķӳЩƲǵˣȴֻǶ˶ͣȴû˵
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ԶȴҲǲ֪ʲôʱ̧ͷһѺȴֱͦࡣ
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תڵĻصԼΧϣȻ۾
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εĶУ̭һˣģңǻϲһֽٺĿģֻȴĸһǶľƣһҡ
ǰ߸ʲ𣬴˿ɫη塣
߰Իǳ˲Ը׽
ٴϳصͣ˵ܺãģԽڶԣ
Ӧǹһ֧Ʋ붾ƣ置ĺġ
Ϊˣ置Ųôη壬ΪһϸĹţͨ΢һѶҩȥԹĺ
Ȼ置˺ܿض⵱ǷǳҪһʵı׼
ŽŵڶڵĴŹأܼ򵥣Ϊ֣Ϊģһʩһ˽ⶾǼֲס䣬ʩ֮ΪⶾмǣӲţǳŲ𣡱ֱõһˣڵֻֿյơ
ʲôʵ֪֪ģһ飬Ҳֻ߸Ѿ֪飬ⶾܼ򵥺ֱӣһ˶һöԷˣôͿתλãǰöһֱһΪֹ
ֻẦˣⶾôǲϸġ
ҶڶԲ࣬ӦҲǿء
Ҷ֮ǰôеˣνҵרҲֻרöĲ̡
ȻʹˣⶾҲƽˮ׼֮ϣֻ˸ҶҲ˵Լаٷ֮һٵİա
㿴ľƶΣ
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ȻףկǿʢľƾȻܱƵǰ̨˵ʲô棬Ѿ˷ǳĳ̶ȣȻկǲĵġ
ҶԥĻشȻԶľƵӳ񲻺ãͶ֡
ֻǺѰ
ѾüθܵľƵˣһǲŹң֮УȻҪʹӵģȻҶæϾǸŵңȦףǱľˣǾûк·ˡ
ԣұҪ취
կԽԽˣΪɽңǷһ㣬ܻկӡ
ֵܽǣȥƴᰡͦڶˣ
иʯͷɽ˯һµ
ɽ磬˵ɶȥƴˣ
һʯǧˣЩɤһٻկǺ䶯ֻ˲ǲ̫ģڲңһկ˵жˣҼδ漣ؼǣͦ˵ڶ֣һ漣
ȫǿЩ룬Ҳ궯һƮ˳ȥ
ȥȥɡ
ŵ˵
һڼ붼¶Цݣæĳ˳ȥѩҲѣر׼Գȥ͸һ
կ̨µʱ򣬶ľƸʹ˸ɫ΢΢۾ң˵һߣկ壡
ǻ¶һ˿ЦͲµ϶Ľ֡
һˣһһߵм䣬ҿԾԾԵˣ΢΢һ䣬˵
ƴôһϰɣ


212 һ
һʯǧˣҵĻ䣬ȫȻ
ûɣ
˵һʱ뷨
ִĹĿңʲô˼
ҿǣͬһ㣬կˣȻԸկӣƨҲ֪϶вѾͶկˡǰһһģʽУôҿ϶ҪսģΪһңȻ·磬οҪΪҵ¡
ԣѡ辶׳һذըԼλϣ
ҿŹţ˵ұˣΪһկ֣ԣҲ˷ʱ䣬ֱӵɣһʩ£ôܣ
û˸˵ĻҪôţԲУŸ˵ֻ
ܼҼӵİ֣˵
ڿ̨м֮ǰǻΪҴ漣ȻԲõ£ôǿ̬ʤ
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΢΢һƽиоһ˿ôأ
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˵꣬вƵÿ˿ˣڶȻҲӣ׷׵ͷӦϾҲһ£˵ܹɵһ֣ԼͶһݰս
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ԭΪǰԻڲ֪ǲ֪ߵغҿ˶Ȼúܲҡ
û۵˵ľˡ
۷׷ףڶľÿ˶կĵմһ뻯ǵţν壬֪Ǵĸʯͷųġ
϶Աȣ˾֪֧˭ˣһկһѾƵկˣǴ̨һ
կ˸ո֧ңû뵽ҾȻֳôĶЩ£֪ôԱߵ˿կ֣Ƴ˹ȥ˵ӴǣկҲˣΪСܱĳɶ⣬û뵽ȴǸſɣͶľϾСûϷġ
ɽûͷûԵĶһ䣺϶У
һƬЦֱӿڣҪҪһѣʮʣׯկҲѺע
ԣɽɫһô˵ĳЦ֮⣬ֲҧ˵ǲɣǶѺ
կǱѼϼܣģϵļҵ̫٣óĶҲ࣬ɽı£һĻӲͷƤóעֻÿ˵ɫǺģ͸һ
ѹׯҵ˺ܶ࣬Ƿӵû˻û⣬ǺĵóԼмֵıͼջĶһ㣬ûһѺעկɫѿһ֣󣬿ǶѻɽĶעɽѾҪĳ嶯ˣˣҪĵӣ
֪ıʣ⣬ʱģȻ֪˸ףôȻ߽ǳΪɵˣԣҲžգ
ȻһϲͨҶǻᣬˮƽȴûеôǿĳ̶ȣҪõһõΣǷǳѵģԣҲУҲУܿ
ҵֱ±˿ĵǸڵ㣬һ˵ǣ˭
˿ԾԾԵȴѲСôɣ
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214 
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ҳ³Ŀڶľŵĺɫҩͣöҩ裬Ȼһַǳֲĸо

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ҿŶľƵ۾һѣ𶾵ֱӶ


215 
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216 
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219 ս
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220 
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˿ǶʮȥٴγѲ׺ɣΨɣ


221 ʤߣ
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Ŷٸлôܣϲ֮գܹܣǻƣö˶˵ķկ׽֮ˣ˭͵ߣ֮λ޴ǣǵҪʲô
ɨһۣǲǣֻҪʣ֪𣿡
Զ˿ǵɫƺǼٵģ˵ãǾͶʣڻ鷿֮У
˵ţһ˾ǰ¥ƿ֮ȴֻǿ˺ö˶ڴϵѩɫѿأ
ѩ˵ˡ
Զʵȥˣ
ѩЩ䵭ȥҽˣ
կǶһۣеȻҪܣȥ׷
תߡ
һΣ۶ǻȻˣˡ
һѷĽȻһѷ뿪ѩԼժ¸ͷۣͭУƺ̶̵ļСʱͳһ㡣
ӴˣΪժ¸ͷǷҵġ


226 ׹
ҵȻ֪ʲô飬Ҵ˿ǰķկĵش
ڣѾβˡ
УƹѲ֮ǳĵʱһۿȥˮϯ˵Ҳж
ҲܿȥᱻϳѡһǳǸ¥ڻǵã¥ɽȵĸߴկĹźͱӵܣס棬κܸߣ˺ܾòŸϵ
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֮һѾ¥ˣյյ滹վżʮŮ
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Ȼڴ˿̣ȴǿ֮ǰҵĶľҵĹܼҶϣǱ˹ȥҲ֪˵ʲô¥ߵŮŶӳһȥ
¥ͷʱÿյģҲûаӰҲˡ
ҹ˺ܾãһֱû˳֣Ѹٳ¥ܹȥҿźʱעΧһ㲻ԣҶٶ۷ȥ
ϣСӹȥ𣿡
ҿӰֵһĻ֡
ź۵ĹţһµĹܼҶϣȴŹ֮ɫϣȴǱ֣һλߵģ˵ȥǺãҵļƻ˵㣬¾ڽҹǿ׼ˣ
ҹŶһۣ˵ǰǾѾϵˣկկˮկȾŸկһԸǣ͵һˡ
˵ܺãһ³ɣʱǶǹ
˿ϲ˵лϣ
߽¥ıӰ裬ٺ٣Сӣúʱ̰ɣǰҵĴæ
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ץסͷĺץҵ֣ȻȴûиӼҵľٶˣͷһƺҲˣȻķ£ȻͷҵʱзӿһĨϲֱ˻ţΪʲô㣿
ץ֣㿴ҺܿĶԲԣ
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ץֱۣկկʲôʱܹΪԼһ룿Ͳѧһѧ£ҰҺޣ׷ԼҸʲô
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һŸղŵĻ棬ȷЩŹ֣վڴһڣԶȻдŻһ˵ĽŲҺǳһʶĳ¥ݿȥȴֻһѪܵо
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ҲˣһŽıĴ˹һϵе飬ӻٵ׾ٵٵľƵȥƺ޹ȫϵһɫޱ䣬ץסǳ־һȥߣ
ǳʵȥģ
ŽǽڣöӣֱӾͲ˽ȥҳұһУӾͶϿˣҳӣ¶һ󶴣˵ѵҪ𣿡
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ЩѣҺǳж˾
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»֮ҹͱ˽ᣬɨأկŮ˶¼ɣ
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ʱҲ֪Ҹ޷⣬û˻ҵ˵ǡ
ŻΧˣһ˵ľƣ治ɱģ
ܼҶָң۶Ǻ⣬ݺᣬ˵ҿųģŮ˴δմȾڳɻ飬ͣرһͬ·Ŀ¥ΪȻû뵽ǼᣬȻ¥׼ãֱıɱڻҪƱ磬浱ҵȶɵ𣿡
ҿϼһŭգʲô֤ݣ
ֱӹŶľĴȣ޺ڶľҶʮ꣬һ£ĹտѣɱѲҺ𣿼Ҫ
ľۺŭ£
ʮˣǶ
ץסǳʱ־ʱ̣ƽǵޱȵĿ
𣿡
£
һԾֱ£


227 æг
Ӹ߿׹䣬ɽХҵ۾޷ǳ͵ؽק˻ǳʲôʧڷУʲôû
Ҷλûǣֹ׹ٶȣȻֻǸޣûǿΥĳ̶ȣҵ׹֮ƴǿĳÿ֧һ嶼Ҫü֡
ҿҶ壬ˣſǰɣ
Ҷҧִţھ滹Ǽʮ׵ʱһƣǳŲƫõһôһľҶе
վǻһ⣬ص档
þǳ˹Ȼ˸λãҵ£ҵıڣȻһ·׹֪֦⻮ҵƤУȴҲΪҼصˤڵϣһѪ˳ǳȴֻſҵϣ΢һվ
ű۾ңҵıϢһ˿֮ɫֺαء
ҷѵĳǰȥ
ѹʱڻǰҸоԼĹͷͿҪɢˣȫˣҿϣڵϣϥſŵǳ
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ˣ
ҸоԼ壬Ȼʹ˼άӦҲû˵ĵزǳƺ֪룬˵ΪôѹԼҷ˷壬ö治٣Ĳ˵źϾѩϵĹźȻѾռĸˣҹһЩźķĩι˽ȥ㲻ҲС
ӿһ˿ңôѩأ
ǳ˵ûӰ죬ֻһĩѡ
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ǳһۣͻȻʵӦõĵĲͻȻңѩô죿Ͱ𣿡
ᵽ⣬ҾֻǳĬˣ֮󣬲Ÿ˵Ҳ֪
ʵѩõѡ񡭡˵עҪΪկһУСžͽңĶҩΪһţԲܺ˷飬ұΪԼⱲӶκǣȴû뵽㣬û뵽置˽ѣΪ˻ȥһҪ޸һİˡ֮£ѩɣԸʣ
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ͻȻЩͺһжֵһҿǳʵֻһ⣬ҽҿͷһ̣Ϊ۾ϲأ
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ǳˣɫ䣬ܹҵ磺Ϊʲôľ綾
ҽԣ˵置֮ǰҾ˶ΪҲŻڡ
ǳһذףҵƣ첲иһͬʱкɫѪҺӿ˳ǻңˤɢڵľ綾ѾɢźķĩѹƲס
ҵ𽥻ɢʳ֮ǰôľ綾ǰͷڣȴҪ˶棬ҴڴڵĴϢţÿһĶͣ𽥵ģҵĺͬƾɵķһ㣬
ֱùϵĸָҩ裬£ֻҪҩҵָҩҵɢƺѹסЩ綾ֻǺ̵ܶʱ䣬綾ٴ緢ұһθң
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ǳۼѾҪ˰
ǹһ˿ЦݣҲںѩǷģʮ˸źһ٣ңôأ
ڴǳп⣬ǼӲı汻ƿ¶ΪĶҷԼȻЩͷҼѵ˵ʵϸ㣬ǵĽӴûкܶɣϲֻһָоʱ䣬¼޹أҲ֪Լʲôʱʼϲ㣬һϮɫȹڲѹôսģǾ¡
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һЦ˻ɢ۾ҺҲ̫ĲʣԼ̫Ҫȴûü飡
ǳ˹źұգʵһ˰ɣΪկӣΪ˱ˣΪѩΪѣҲΪңͬΪ˱ˣôǣ˽һΰɡ
óźҲûһ˿ԥ䵷飬ȻֱҵĿС
źҩһ𣬱񱩵˲䴫ҵ֫ٺЩڵĶأǱˢϴһƵã𽥱峺ڵıƣȴҲѣſһЩ綾ȫӿ뵽
ĵĺɫ㣬Ѿʧˣ˿ٴθ֣ǱƳĶأģһ֡
Ҹо綾Ѿȫ⣬źͿԽҵж⣬ңź֮Աô䱾йϵģǵĹҩɢʱڱϡĵ˲䱻
ͬʱһ޷ֿĻȣҵСҵкȼŻͬˮһӿ˳ۣ˻ʵղŸҳʲô
ǳæһۣǸҩƿһЩ˵ʲô
ͫȻһЩⲻǺ¸ҩ


228 Ǹ
ɫŹ֣ǳҲЩʵʲô
¶ɫ˵Ǻµҩ
£
ǳʼЩãˣң۶ա
Ϊʲôֶ
ԩǿʵǺ¸ҵģ֪Ѵҩιҡ
ǳɫͨ죬˵ҩɫζҿ϶˵ҩ軹ҩݣΪҲǣʱϸҰõҩﶼҽû뵽оȻдҩ
ҵѾЩˣźҩҵ巢ȷ̣ټⴺҩŮˣĲȥоҪ⣬Һɺԣ˻һ㣬ǽɥʧҵȫǸӿҩҺҵ壬޲һȻԼϱ
ҿǳЩ죬ҵټ˦ԼһƣǸͷӲѹȥͲ֪Ѻ˼ٱˣŮˣͷԵˣ
ǳ췢̣Ѿʲôˣһ֪δȹϵϣȥ
ȣȡ
߽߶оԼĶƺ
ǳҵ֣ҵ磬Щ̼˵侲㣬ˡ
ֻоԼƺʲôĶˣָоҺ˳һ˶˹ȥǳұ˸۶գҪô
ȣܡ
ȻֻԺ߶ţ֪Լʲô
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ǳҵÿȻԼȥ
ҵ֣ǳ룬̰ʶľҪȻȴͻȻ䷢Щ˿ڣһӻص˴ˤʱҽתĻ棬һʧĹҵѾ·棬ǾĶǵǳ۽ӿˮԼ£˵͵Ƿģ㡣

޷ݵǴӻ¯һӵ˱ѣָо޷ݡ
ҸоԼһβ㣬׷Ѱһβ㣬ٶȺܿ죬ҺܻҺò׽ץסȻ䱧
һʹߣڻҡҷ֮С
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˴˿վڶڹۿȻᷢһ棬һϮϲĺ£һ𣬰ס壬ԴףŮۣüͷţʹ֮⡣
ڣǳ۾ӵĿңһֻҵ㱾Ͳ置Ǳ෴ĵ·ֻΪ˵ȴһȻվǲһģ͵Ƕı𡭡
ʩ
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ʶ˹ؼȻȴʼղӰ
Ȼʧϥϵĺ£µʲôеֵĸоҵź£ɫò԰
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ҰѿʲôĶãʱ֣İɫTϣһ簵ɫĺۼҵüͷһ㡣
׷ʲô
ʵѾµˣֻȴҳϡ
Ҷ𣺡ֻǻָ˵Ԫ޷ֹһеķҼ¼һУڸ㡣
˵ţݳһõʶҶһ֣Ժ֣︡ҿ¹£ǸһȳһյľǿӰһԶȥȴʼûлͷ
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Ҷû˵ҳĬʮңȻվɽڣԶѾûκӰ٣һ޷ݵպޣҶԼһһȭͷǽϣͬһֻŭĹţ
Ҷңҡҡͷ֪˵ѽķ
ʵҲǲܽܣ飬еûгԿһ˵ģʵǳôһ֮ˣѵկĸһ壬ڱݺܹ֮ĥկ·
ɶ˻޷ҲˣҼֱţȻ޴ֵز
ͬʱһ֮⣬ڣѾҵŮˣôܿôկ
սȭͷҲ֪ʱҵ۾ѾЩˣҶҵģ΢΢üͷ
ûлشеѪɫԽԽŨһɷʼۡ

Ҷеϸоһ˿İ
ҵ·һ£ֱѹȥҵϣճһаȵЦݣϵ·ҲѪ֮ת̺żȵɱ⣬Цڳɹˣ
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229 ں
ָҶɫ԰ףһɷ֮סһһİ롣
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·Ѫɫֱ˻ȥеѪҲɢҷſҶһȭͷҵʯϣǣ㵽Ҫʲô
Ǳһ㣬ҵɫֱаǸǹճһɿ⣺ʲô޷ûҵĶôãʱ򻹻˰ɣ
ҵɫ֣ŭ˵Ķ㱾ֻǸǶѣ
ǹЦΣ꣬ʲôףῴԼŮ˱ߣ
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ЦƾҾǸث֣ðźͷᣬΪ˸ֿǰȥûû˳衣ʲôٴΣҰ⣬ȻΪԻ𣿡
һ׶Ӵҵ࣬˺оģΪԣƺ޹Ŀǰľҵֳ︡һ˿ãѵһ
ҶҡҶ󺰣Ҫģڹƻ㣡
ǵɫ֣ȫݣҶսȭͷ˵죡
̧һָһѪɫǹֱ֣ӾͲҶ߹ǣĶڵϣⳤǹɷ֮ɣ˵ǳĥҶк֡

ҲȻŭҶĺǳȥޱȵʹ࣬ҼϻŶǳͼĿȨ
Ȼȴײ壬ͷ֮⣬ҲûЧˡ
Ǽ𣺡˵ˣǸΪܸıһУڣ衲ڣСŮָҵĶ֣Ҫʰ㣬練ƣô

ŭȫŶǷײ˹ȥȻһײȴһǶЩƺΪһ£Ѿܵ˾޴˺
Ҿǣ
֣ǰҰ˳ϣһ̧ͷͻῴĵķͿֻţұֲһ£ɢ£ǱײһΣڳһ϶

Ǿŭȥҵ㲻ڱ֮ǰҪˡ
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ţҪΪ̵ˣҸҶƵܣȥҪȨȻҸո۾֮󣬾ǵȴѾҧסҵСȣŵĳȥ
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ҶɫҰܣ߹мŵĳǹĻȻȴȻᶨǰǵ֣ƶһ룬ҩǴˣһץ
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ӣƳ׻ԾζţҶ컯õ˳ֵչ֣һּ죬ȴǳµں֮ʼۣȻڲʼƿһ
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һ˿֮󣬻Ƶ׾磬һڻɽͻȻըмܲסʹĵڵϣҵڵԪʼѸӣĥҲˣŵģʮöᾧҲ׹䵽ĥ֮УһƬ죡
Ҳģ
ǲϵѾɹһˣͲһ㣬ܹɹ
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벻ˣֻܲϵԶ룬ǼУȻ𽥵ĵȥҵںһַֿȻںϣַֿظϰٴΣŷֿμţһ㣬ʼлۡ
֪ı仯ôˡ
Ȼ˿̵Ҳ֪ǲԶկһ£


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Ҳɽλ㹻ΣҲ㹻ãվûб֣һ֣ʼɢǾȥɽѰңڴ롣
ȻڴʱȴһŵµӰ˾կ˪
ץҺ˪֮еһˣͣ˵۾ˣѰһҹĿ꣬Ȼôö֮ĳˡ
ûô࣬ǰģֻйͣǳɫȻ˵һȥɡ
ǲԼĶ䣬еˣʲôУ
ǳſ˫֣ʾԼʲôҲûУ̲ססȻһӵϣǳ廨󣬴կ
߿һ㣡
˶ݺݵĴߴ٣Ϊǳǹһ㣬ĲӺխһȳһյģ·ž޴ʹࡣ
ҧҧӿ˲
ڣկǳӿŨŨıɫΪկˣľ׮ϣȻñӳÿһ£źХƷڲҽ֮£һѪܵĺۼ
ſǳüͷ΢΢ǳĲл籡󵨼ŮˣظҰ˹ϣҪҪܣ
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ǳ˵ֱʤĶҩһ΢Ų˵ľƲҺɶģݺ
һڹŶӣһ˦һֻߣֱʸǳϣһҧ֬һļϣʹЯŴ̹ǵı䣬üͷֱӰڵϣʹǳйЦܣг䣬Ըһ·
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ѩı仯˶ʼδģߵļկˣûüӦͱֱһչͷ­ͬһըԽ˳
ϰһĳǰȥѩ˻һҪȥĲӣȻ˿ȴйų֣ıһֻ򼣬ɫĶ˹ȥһھҧѩϣȻһҧȴǲݶ
ѩʬˣѹôõʬվǿʼ˱죬źãɱ⵭ȥʱ𲻵ʲô̫Чֻѩɱ¾֮࣬΢һ˿ԣ
壬Ѿͽʬ࣬ҧȥһץסֱӾͶѩ׵ݾ׽ɫĽҺûþȥĿ۶ɱ⣡
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˶ǿЦ֮䣬ɽµ߳ˣ置ˣҲʬɵ٣ֻǵ䶼Ϊ˿ƽʬġ
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232 ˾
կȻҵһʵʱ䣬կ˼
ڵ置Ϸֳ֣һկһǺկկ֮£կԶںկ˵ǿشկôԼͶȻܳΪ置ǿ
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ҡҡͷǶǣֲȫǡ
ҿǣһϤУҸо׽ҵȴûбֳ׽֮ɫҪ˵Ǹ衲࣬˵ҾңǵһУÿһϸڣֲʶЩӣһǾͻ֪
һ
˶ӣ֪ʲôϵ
ҵĿѾ϶һΣҲԼԸ㣡
ңϼһﵽǶ˼ʮ꣬ʶȽ϶࣬ü˵ڣǰһֻģֵǣǸֻǵһ֣ڣϢѾʧˣ׼ȷ˵ӦǺںһҺѵһ˫ꣿ
Ҳм˵һ˫ꣿЦҲŲô̬飬ҲãҪǷĶӣһοǾˡ
ڷҲҵĶӰ
̾һŻıˣһĹȵˣǸһַǳĸо
װǻƣ
Цһʹ˹ȥ
һҶһзɭӡе⣬һ£ʲô˶ǿõģϾаа֮ã϶ϣڵġҡɾаеааɭɭɭӡն𣬾ǺǧᦿʼȥĻˣҿƣռϷ磡
ݣǺҹеߣ߱Ŷһе
ӻ֮󣬱һģһӰڶһµϴŹ֮ɫʵ˭
һ˺񣬱˫ۣĵڶ˸񣬴ӽԺ󣬰㣬ҹҡ
¿Ц֮࣬ҲǾЩ˼û뵽˸ãҲãɣΪ֣һͽɡ
аЦ룬ǻϲġ
һУںҵ˸ǵЦԽԽŨ֪Ϊʲôһ뵽ɱ¾ҾЦͻһֹסøУ·Ϊɱ¾ҵĽص£ҵײֻ֮ʣһ㡣
⽣¶˷â
ġ䡱ӱϣٴγһ֣档
棿
ԣ
Ӧ䣡


235 ǿԮ
ҿѽȴ΢΢ЩȻ佣ɲͨĶ
ʢƶʢԪ˥䣬ʱڣȴһλǶᣬͻƻ彣ţ佣
ֻ꣬佣ʧˣ䵱¶֪ѽ䣬Ѳ⾹Ȼ˵彣
ҿ˿ѽЩȣ־òԣ˵彣ô⣿ȻһǳķǺ˵ķƷɡ
ƵĵҲмӲĳ̶ȣ⣬ҳ佣һһָɭӡ뷢ͷһæҵĸоЩֻʵĵֵȻɹǱ

һޣȴδκιꡣ
ȻȴɫЩԾҵߣǵĽһɨ˵Сģ
ԭȻӿ棬Ȼ͵͵ǵӰںϵһ𣬾Ϳ˵ӰͬʱֳѪԹһ㣬źԼһģһˣָоǺֵģվһ㣬Ӱ¶Цݣ˹ҸоҲƺҪ뵽ҵӰҲȻŭһŶȥһҽУҪ͵Լĺӱ̵һ㣬ҿޣ꣬еð
ҵĸоһһ衣һѪۣʩչֵ
һӽӭսȻ˵Ҫܶ࣬һնȥǺ£衻γԼĽ𽣣ҵԴ
ÿǶԸ
ֱӶԼӰӡ

Ƿŭֻ˵֣ʹ˹ȥ
ӷ𡣡
һɵ㶵Ķţţдһ㣬ڿƿʼ֡
ٴθ֣˶ϰٻغϣûзֳʤҸоҵʵҪǿģȱӦʵֶΣźܶǮȴỨҺƣֻɣȻҲһ㣬ң¶һ˿֮ɫ̫ڳ嶯ˣܹѧ֮ʵԻ췭ظһͨĹҲֻǾһɱ¾ܶѣǾĵ̣ͻʩչֹ㣬Զ
룡
ﷺ⣬˸ȱʵҲܴԴ󣬰пᣬмꡣ
ҼȫҲỨǮҾ͸ɴǮ㣡
ȻЩ˷ѣҲһְ취оڿֲĲ߶˼䣺ӡ
Ȼȥֱϣһ֣֮ǰǼģΧֲ֮۳ɴ̹ǵ磬ҺХ
һնڹǹ⻬ĺ棬ֱӽ˺ѳ룬ӿһҵʱ򣬿ʼ߷ֿһӡ۳һĹνڹĻ֡
ֻͨԹСָһǸϸˣܹսĹ죬ΪԼۣ
ԹҲǿ֣֮ѾѷɫһˣҪʮ꣬ܳһרΪսĹǷǳĿֲģڹ˵ǶĵȼʵĹǸǶ֣˵һʵȴʹãԶԶġ
ĹۣǾǴ˵ˣ˾֮еʮޣָľǹۣ˵ˣɵĲΣͨûɶϵ
̳ϣյԴƿֲгŸźɫףһƵɢаޱȣŸгųǹǹŴսʿָʾ£Ҿͳ˹
󵨣
Թ֣裬һӽһδεĽնȻȴͨͨսĽ˺ɢɾŷݣͲʲôˡ
ɣһͷţ
ʮֳˣЦȫһˡ
ң
ȻҲаıǮ佣źڹ⣬ҵɷۣٲһк£Ÿǹ赲ȴ΢΢
Ц̤ǰһչ⣬ɷ֮γһԹӰӣڹԹ۳ΪĽâһȥ޹ǵһ˿һ˿ȥϵļ
Ȼŷ֣ǸûмֻãһĹǷ䣬ŸҽС
ף
ʮЦˣЩֵ˻ȥٴα̾һ
ʲôأ
ԼĶӣɸ֣ԼȴһֱӾ˹ǰ
ɭӡͶ뵽֮УǶһ㣬˲佫еɷ˽ȥ֮ǰռٻǣҲǷХ֮ӡµγһī㣬һɭӡ뽣ϣٴһ
һֻͷ˿ϸȴݿ࣬Ÿֱ䣬ͫӡǧᦱ壬ǧᦵֵһ
ȻڴʱȴͻȻ
ڵɽ£ȻһƬѣϰٸ˳˹ϰˣǴŵۣв֣źɫԼɫġ
ǵĿһɨͷɮħһӣţɱ
λѣٴθ置ɱԭԲӲ
иɫۣųϵ˵
͸ˣ
ѣҪл֪¡
˶Ŷ˵
үͷ˳һҲûǰװʱĸЦǺǵ˵ӦõӦõģħ
һնԼӰӣүôˣ˵ϼһﹻգԼһ˲ҹôеʿҵĸԹԣʦ̰ɣọ̈̄һ˷¡
ҲѾ£ĴЩˡ
аЩϺϵʿүǲûб֮ģԲչһ֣ǿԮʵկȺկֻ룬ʤƽ˹ȥ
˫ʵԵȣרҵʰˣĵɫͱˣ걻նɱи˷䣬֮£ǧҲʼѣ¼Ʋû뵽ȻԭˣʵĿһۣеߣ
կתӣעûнˡ
ߣ
ֱӲסǹЦ


236 
ϣջҪصģȻ޴ɹ飬Ϊλꡣ
ϵˣҪȼ㣬ͨԼع壬ˣв˻ʧΪ֪֪ȫһģɶӳ˵֮İˣ̲סԶһҲĵ·ô˱˽лֻʣ¶һ·ˡ
νᣬҸͨˣռ壬겻ɢôȴһУɲһ£ѡһ䣬һʱͳǳץ˹ȥ
ҵͫ΢΢һΧκ֮ƣһֻקĽţŰһ׷˹ȥկ˵ǳǰŸٻ˽ϹƣȻЧҪֻܶ࣬赲Ƭ̣Ȼ˲ͽϹƿˣǸڵǰˣȫժԴǸոճ֣ͱſһ̽˶
ʼռᶨǳ
˪
Զ󺰣˦˹ֱӴﴩ˹ȥ
˵ȷң
Цͷһۣ֮ԶüͷϽŲĿ⣬ֻһۣͲǱ
ɲһ壬ôɢ
ֱץǳȻڴʱҽصڵϣһָĲӣſȻҶĹͷ
ĿңĿҵĽɨɨ¶Ϸ֮ɫƺһôǳ赲ǸЦ˲ͱ߽ˣסĲӣ˵ǸһôֱŪ
ĵıа񼸺޷ѹ֣ǳĸȴҲһ˵˰ɣңҰ㡣
ĿңȻ˳ǳϵָǳķһֻȥһ㣬ǳһ㼦Ƥ΢Ųӣʲô
ЦţİɣˣŮûʲôȤֻЩ棬СУжҪأ
ǳңЩãȻҵĺأסƻĲѾѪҺ˵ˣ
ˣŰ˵ٿЩɱĺеʿǺ⣺ôõ飬ҽƫƫ㻻ˣҪҲܣŮˣҪţôͰҵȻһɱ
ҵ΢΢ϼһﵽʲô˵㵱ɵǰ㣬㲻ĵ
ЦͻȻƵͣ˵˵ˣҾǲȻһҪӦҾɱˣ
ҵͫͲƣ
ЦƣֻʧѣأŮˣһˣûˣھͿĿеĵλˣԼɡ
˵
ԣаϼһǧе˼ˣҿȭͷսɿĿ⣬ǳɨȻ̲סҲڿңԵúȻĵһվǱˣЩ˵ãҸ㣡
Ȼ˾ôҲˮҽ壬ֱӶ˹ȥһһʯͷ棬˵ŴʯͷϹƤ˶Ѻǳǰˤñ׵ǳ˳飬ͷ˿ǳȻԼץס˰ѱܺãСӣ£һ·ȻԼŮˣ
˵֮ǰҪֻǹ֣ôڼֱǳˣ
ǳҲӿ֮ɫ㵱ɵ𣿡
İǿɲһЩɵϣǰɵ£˵һ
ҿǳٿ۾Ҵ˿ǿȴҲһУ̾˵ڹϣ㻹Ͳ㱻Χ
һЩеʿЦһȺΪǵʿѣⱲҲ֪˶٣ֻҪéɽȺӣ;ԲƴӵܣԵҾˣҲ㹻ʱߣڲôֻ࣬㣬Ը⣬ȻԼ
ҵĿǳ΢΢㣬Ȼоһ˿¶֮ɫò롭
ת˲֮Ĳ֮ɫͱ˾ţɲô޴
ԥ壬Ը֮£ǳһɺֻǶԱˣжԼ΢΢һЦֱӾ͹һǳȦ죺㣬ΪʲôҪ
ҹ룺ΪҪ㣬ϳկеڶܱϧˡ
ǳ𣺡ڶ
¶⣬ǰʵȺɵѹңֻбĿУڣȴһñԼǿˣԼµˬУЦģٴα任ʮЦüǸ̫ࣺˣ㿴㣬һ㣡
еٶʮգ֮˾룬Ц֮ȻѾ˸ǰ¶ãȻһ˿ʲô
ֱӱ𣬻ɷ֮һźڹ⣬ֱӾͰõ棬ͬʱ˸ĲҽʹະӣΪʲô޴
ʮȴţңףҡ
Դ֮ĵΪ㣬Ϊپڶ
һɷ֮ǣڵĻǣӲǽ俳룬ʮ˳ȻУ¶֮⣬ع壬˲գۣץסǳԶݶȥҪҵĶ
Զȥкʢ
ȻʱѩȴڱΧ֮˷һֻëﲻᾡɱýɫķ׭סľзֱ꣬һϿ׭ѩ˻һʮף𽥵Զˡ
ɮŭңȳŵһңӷλʩ֪ʲô飿


237 
ûдϺУֱӾ˹ȥʿ׷׽Χס
иʿң۶ĮһɷȻʲôˣλѣ˵Σ
мҪͷȴǿʿĵۣüͷʦ̵ˣ
ʿһ㶣˵ƶǡ
ҿԸоҶ΢΢£ȻµĲȱʶ˵ʦ֣Զʹз⣬˵ʦ̣ǺǣôͷϧֻһȺ֮
ݹµıҹ£ʦ̵Ŵ󲿷ֵΣ˸ĺ䵽ȵز
ʿԣʱŭΪοڳԣʦ
һȻկҲĭЩ˵¼˲٣ΪˣܾͶԺ˵ִʦ֣置ֱǳһƬſˮмĿŵʿ
еţóӦûɶΪ˴ľ飺λαˣʦһ͵䣬ʲôˣֱԣǲϸ˵
Щļһҡҡͷ
¿أΪˣǾͲԭˡ
ˣ
ʿҪᣬȻ֮ǰɮȴ̲סˣ˵
ʩ㻹δͣΪηֻëаΣ䣿֮ǰжԣĻΪǺկˣ
ɮҲ˹סҵķλ
飬Լˡ
үЦøշƵãԲϺҾ͵
ҵĺΪӿܱȽϳ嶯λѲҪ⣬֮ǰëһ˿ԣλ置Ϊ˽ëʬġ
иŰԵ۵ĵʿҡͷ˵ܽ⣿û˵ʬܹġ
үӭȥǴҾЩ֣ϲļһȻӣǸһ˵ǽ⣬һȻԸǵͷӦ
ɮңӷ𣬻ʩԺ˼С
ҲмЦЦߵһߡ
һȺд˹ȥӦʦֵܣĹͷܿģ֪ͻ˾磬һЦ춼ϲ£ˣȻȴǵü˳ֵۣĺ飬±ŵϵζһ֪Υɿ㣬ǿҪܷġ
ûմȵĺУҲ֪ɶζȻǣҲûǷд
үݼҺͳվڱϿţһĮһ
׼ʲôʱȥǳ
˽ңԿżɽ
ɣ֪Ǹϼһʲô֮⣬ѩе㵣ʬһʬˣɾǳûˡ
üͷ˵
Ͳˣ
̧ʵ
Ȼ˵Һθɣ
ұ˫ۣ˵
ҵ˽ɱϵԸ񣬴ĳ˵ǿܶ࣬ΪѣǲϸģĮûһ˿ԡ
衺ܻܽ˵
㲻ҪǣҸĸһģֻԸͬѣûԲҪ˵ȵͿˡ
б鲼Ųͷ˵
ЦЦҲ⡣
ʦ̵ĵʿ֪ɶʱִչˣңҾ˵λѡ
üͷѣ
˵ͷղѾˣѾȻǱؼһĴˣʦ˴ǰѯΪ置Լʦ̵ĵӣ˵ʦȻéɽ˽ҲǼΪ񣬲ڵĵزɡ
СӾȻ
ָ˸կˣ˵Լȥʣҡ
ҲĮЩӦȥկѯʡ
˳ʼҲķˣͿʼµ飬կû䣬ЩյĶĿǰҲѾزסˣµĹ£ܶ˶֪˵ķǳݣŵһɫҲ𽥵ı仯
ڣկʿʼӴˣڱϿһ󣬲ʲô
ЩȫĸʿүҵȻ֪ͨ置΢΢죬үĹϵȻôĴ
ıҲ
ҳЩˣү̸ܣмڣֵıȽϿʵѾܿˣԸ񱾾͵ͬʦֵҲܣοЩڲͬɣǲͬϵǡ
߷ǰףҽӲɫʼһı仯࣬ȫʱϵɷȻɢȥˣһϤĸоٶȻع飬ң˵ˣ
̾һ˵ͷ
ָо֣֪һз飬Ըȴȫͬǻʱûиоڱ֮ǰľٶҾһֲʸУ̫ѨԼʾǡ
Ҿòǻ£ϾҲԼڶ˸ҲǺ£ֻ̫ǿӲҪռɣõõһ޵ĹֻҪʼУϾ̥ǣʱҪԸ׾ˡ
˼˵
ôĹ޹õأ
ȥĸ⣬Ҷǻᣬ˭֪ϲС
䣺廹ϵˣǱģӵĹҪ취Ū
Ҫĥ£ȴǿǰѾ˽ʶĿ֮կЩʿʽ룬һļϣڴǴϣɹʶס
ʵ˵ˣܿ׳ͷҪƲſԡ
Ȼڴʱľȴǳң¶Թ֮ɫָָң֪˵ʲô
˽Ǵŭ֮ǰͿҲ˳۵ɮŭ㵽аΪҪȥľı۰򣿡
ƴʹɫҲҪŸɡ
еķ궼ӿ˳ŶľЦһֻǺԼûиһ㣬ɱ˭һ״أ
ľɫͨ죺ˣԲկ
ΪȤ
ЦЦתߡ
Сʦ壡
ϣҲͷǱ˰ס
һͳ߽ҹɫ֮С
˾غѩǵıӰһ˿֮ɫ


238 ı
Һͳ뿪կ˵ˣ֮ǰĿҲֻһΪҽãΪ˻ƣҽһץһ֪٣ѾˣûկĿģľΪߣǰ߳կĶ飬ʵȴǲ֪νկʲôϵ
˸Ƨĵطţǵ𣬳ȥֻӣͼڻĿţ̯ƣųһƻǣʮ
ƺЩû״ãȻڿ֮󣬶ʱ任˺Ȼĵ˺󣬱ܵľҪܣ˵һҾɢ
һ˵ĵͷսľķв㣬ǣʲôҸףʱ֣ǲҪΪܺҡ
衲ָһһɫĽ壬׶һشʹУǿŶһҧĳ嶯ʮȻɱĲҽ˵Խ𣿡
ʵǰʮãһνӴʱֻǸԵĸоȴǱ˳׵˰Ҳھһ֮󣬾͸ֱӹʲôʰɣһʵģ
ҳ˳һˣǼթƻǵĻţȴֲȫţҴ̽һ£ǵϴҪȥٹĹչ԰ɣ
ʮͷԡ
ҿ۳衣ʵܼ򵥣ȻչôʹţӵùʵֶΣҲǹ޹ҪǴҪó
ʮֱӱ˿ɥңû
˵֣衾ٴδ߶˽ʹĴõĻ𲻶൱һʱ䣬ǳϻ̳Ͽֵ˵˵˵
ֱӱгһƪĬĬţԽŹƣԽһ־̾оĲ˵ڹⷽ棬ʵ̫ˣţһȷ˵ĲǼٻ
Ȼ衶˵ȴǼ߶ʮҽУѾʵΪλҪң
ЦΪ˼֣Ҫ߻ħ
ʮԩͷʹĺ޲ײҵüͷ΢΢ţ֪һﵽ˵Ǽ١
ĥʮӣʮ췢ˣ˵ԩȷͷ˵ġ
ҵ˵ͷѵʮ⹦ҾЦˣҺկڲռ˶ٹźˣ޾ϸҪȫ˵©һҲŪ㣬˿һ֪ĵط㽫ֱܿ࣬ɢ
ʮɫ࣬æĵͷңҡ
ԣʼǽźկڵ
ϴǴݻټ̳ȷһЩãӻ˺կʱ䣬Ҳֻһѣկܿټ˸ĿҹԼյĲͣǽ̳ˣ
Ƿȱģֻ㹻Ĺźʮ˵ʵźҪĲʮ˸ֻǷųļϢΪڸ࣬ʵֻҪʮźܰµĽͻƵĲΣںկĹȫһ׼ʽʱ䣬֪ʮҲ޴֪
Ҫʲôտʼʮ£˵࣬һʼͲһģںկ£ǴɱռŻǣǧᦣֻǱϵĶѣʵĿǣ׼һɱǾᦣ
ӦпЩ˺Ƥ߻ǵ˰ɣǾڰռǣ׼ᦣǴеռĿ꣬һᦳɹʱټΪ꣬׾շ׼ĹֻҪݷ꣬ܺɨ£ʦ̣ҲǵĶ֣
˵ʱʮܼ뵽ԼĴְȥ
ᦣôθڣ
֣Ǳ鷳կư置ˣҲֻݱ置ѣĿģԭһƳɹֱǺ
˵ܹ͵ͨˣ϶յĿġ
ҵͷԵĻҺϢ֪ͨЩʿУִ鷳Ǹͷʹɣʳ˳Ĵ⣺ôңҵĻǷŽٹĹñαװɳ衣ɱ˵Ļʹ˭
һ⣬ߵһƲĻ֮˲޹ϵȴû
ʮ֪ʲô˵ûмƽ̵Ĺϵܺã̸ҵĸоǶ겻ѣһ֣˻ǵҵϢɣҲ֪Ϊʲô׽
֮ˣƽ׽
Һͳ衽˸񣬶˼֮У˭
˼룬ûͷ٣ҲѾдŷˣˣƽ̹ϵܺãеķˣʵи⣬㸸׽ǳ׽ʲô취԰Ȼ
ʮ˵һ£ֶҪˮģϣҸ׿϶ʵģô϶Ҹ׾סġ֮ͤС
лһĨɫͤʲôط
կĴӪԶҸϲ徲ڱϽ˸ͤΪԼľʮжĥɱ¿˵кܶ󷨣Ѱ˸޷ҪһҸ׵Ϣܴ򿪣һҪңȻǾԽȥģ
һۣҲ֪һ˵Ǽ٣ҶĲ𣬻ҪЭ
˼巽ʱ򣬳ȴüһγ˽ɱ⣡
䣬Ҷ峿¶ˮǴӾӪںڣˮ͸һſֲȻ󻺻ʣֲ֮︯ãϻһϪǷӿ˹
һߣշҧҵĲӣ
˾ǡ
˾


239 
կĴ˾غѩȻ׷ɱǣⱬߣһ˿־ϢӿҾȻЩ޴롣
֮ǰںϣҵڱ֮ǰǿʮ࣬ѾߣһûеⲢҾҪҧָ⣬ƾչ˿˿ƵѪ۳һķ׭
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ͷײǽһζţǼҪ̮һ㣬ŵֱð亹Ͻ˵ŷ׭ڸոճɹɲǣǽͱ촷ۣĵ׭赲˼˲䣬Ҳѿˣ죬ҧҵĺҰγ佣һ˹ȥڽҧסĦ֮侹Ȼðһ𻨣
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衶̲סЦˣҪ̶ֳҲˣ𾴵Ĵ˾ΪǵĶ𣿡
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غѩһһߵԴ
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240 
ڳ衵׳٣Ҽֱ֪˵ʲôźãܹźҳ˵ѩϵһѾǼʮźˣ˸ںկ
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ʮſˮָλãҸףǸŮˣ϶ߡ


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ɫָ࣬ӣ㿴ʲôΪ˸ʬɵԴףȻرȥ԰ڣΪʲôˣ˭ܱ㣡

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ڣȴǶܸȤҧԼָ⣬Ѫ̺Ϣ۾ʱˣҽָȥͬСһ˱ϵҲӵŨˡ
ѪټҵǺ֪̳ܵһʲôĶ
촽Ȼһ˿ڴ
ȵգĽܳȫһ
˵Ǹ߳ХڹεضкӰ˸
ۣǱˣλܸߵļˡ
ҵĿ⣬ʶļем䣬ΪǾƽ̣
ȻҲ֪Ϊʲôȴǿҵָоҿȥʱʲôüȴּǲסٵ׳ʲôģһͷϾͻǡ
Ϊʲô
ҶӦÿһˣˣǺģûģûκΨƽ̣Ҹǲס
Ҳ֪Ҳ۾ͼʱ򣬾ⲻԶĺկ֮УȻиũģ̧ͷգ¶һ˿죺ʲôҪҵӡ
˸һ̤ǰ֮˾ʧ
ڿʼ
ǶӹҪ置ƺÿĶࡣ
Ϊвͬģι״ʱʱĻһЩûмƷ֣˵ۡ
ͷһ׳ɣҪʲôÿˮ𣿡
ǰ̫ˣʦֻͷѾ˺üˡ
һ̨˭
ųʮ֡
һ˸̨һʱ䣬ûȥ֣ȥڿ̨ϵǣҵĿƽ϶ƺҲȤĴңȴȻǲסģҵĿֻƫƣʧ
ҲŽҺĿ⵱˰ɡ
ⲻʮСҲҲμӣ
꣬С㣬̳϶ֲǲ֪
ֻϧô
ֻСۣҵĶƫƫȴƤ˶еʧŨļҪγˮ
ҿĿϵĶҲΪǳɡ
Ǹνʦ֣ҵĶ֣ɵĿһȻųԼƵĹͷʦܣİɣһֲġ
ջԼĿ⣬ԼǲǷˣȻΪʧоʹŴҪĶˣȻһ˿
һʮԵʰɣ
ҿʦ֣˵Ҳá
һޣ
ֵɲǣп̨ϵĳȫվ¶֮ɫ
⣬ǡ


244 εյ
˳ܶ˼еӦһİСɫ࣬ΪǰʹɫĿģȻһֻȴȻһ
壬ǳ׳ʿһļţֻ첲˵ĴȻҪ֣صǳΰһˣӦ˵Ǿ޹
Уӿɱ⣬һֻѪҰޣڱ˳
ûע⵽ͨȻһ˿λߵϢһǹ𣬲пӵư
иϿ˵˲ȫľ̾
𣿡
Ȼ˹Ҳΰɣ
ѵڳʲôǿҲ
̨ϵĳǣҲѯʵȴ֪Īһ
ǰţ΢΢ͰţԼûз֣ңҲò¶̹Ȼ֮ɫһ˳Ц
ЦЦᶼ˳
ʦֵĹͷ֮ɪɪʵǶˣⲢʲôνƣֻǹѪһ˿ϢˣڵͼĹ꣬žԵѹЧ
ʮչˣѾ΢ˣƹĲϣõģƵģĵãģʵֻǰҪһ飬ûйѪҲȥ
Щʱҫһľ롣
ղ˵Ҫ֣ҾᣬҪôҪô
ĻҲҪ˵ˣǿʳﾺʱһ޶ķȻе֮ˣ߼Ȼʵ
ʦ촽£вţʮôĽɫȻǸǹͷ
ҧ˵ʦܴͽ̣
ҵ˵ͷһ֣ŭֻһ˲Ĺ򣬾ͰɪɪĹͷץȻ󶪽Լ
Դ󷢣ɫʦֵע£ܿƵϯȥܶȴϳˣ޶д򿪣иָХȴ䰤ɣܶĿ¶֣˳˱ԣиĹڣʲôȥļֵ
ԸĻԻû湻Ŀʦӹ¶һ˿̰ⱻ죬һȭ˵Ұˣ
ҵ˵ͷĿȻ뿪гȷ߱飬Ȼ˸ϳ
ã
ԼϲãЦǳ𣬴һǿҵϲ֮飬г϶ûмǴͻƻʱҲûô˰
ҹ˽Ų
ҹ˽һ̺ӣҵϣеʱĻǲҵĶӡ
װ˯ңۡ
ȻȴЦҺ£һΣΣϣܹһЩ
͵ƣתȥ
ǽŲʧʱеĿٶȳ֣Ҳӿһ˿ã
飬µһΡ
ΪһӦûź
ΪҾãΣһֱźѻɵģĶӣεɡ
ֻϧӳΣȴһͿ
ȻһΣҿĲ
ǹɽ·İ籡
վɽ£ɥȻ侹һļµĸо
Ҵվţ˷ңϽһѣʦܣڻˣڳѾˣһҪһ棡
Ҫˣ
Щţƺ˼֮ı仯úõػţΪʲôҪ˵أ
ұţ𽥵ӿһɻҺͱ룬ʹܵø죬֪ʮ
Ǹ籵ĵط
д֣ͤ
ĬĬţȻ˽ȥ˿ңҡҡͷȻɢ
ϡЩ۵Ļ
ûڳϣô죿
ǰôˣ϶Ҫ˵ġ
ҲǻãӲǰԼˣҲ͡
Ҷ԰׵
¶ȴǺӰңһЦ
ҵ˵ͷ
Ϣһ󣺡϶ףǰôĴ£Ҷ㣬ֻǵС£ȴϳɽš
ϳɽţ
ҵüͷ΢΢𣬾û鷢ⶨȻǴξˣҲǱʶûԼʮһúܲҡ
ĿȻ˵ȥҵĶڵѪǣҲòôǸ̫ɾǻãֻϧܹͣܵ˵ıأȥʵǾ㰡ϣ㣬ֵܹģһͨˣʺ㣬ȥһǮˣϲŮʣӦоС
ҵ۾Щᣬ䷺⣬ǿŲʱѾоʮǻĻںˣֱ֮ʣĵľȻ
ˣ˶أ
ԼƤǵ֣ԥ£ץסǴ飺ܻһǿĵģ֮ǰܹҵĶӣҲǺõģ㲻ҪΪ飬Ϊҵ飬޷ֻء
޷ֻأ
üͷһֱǸܣȻʵʱȴĿѾɢˡ
Һްٸʮ꣬˵Ҿ̳ܰɲţǰһ磬һ㲻ʣܹ΢ᣬ˵ܣҺޣҲʣҡ
ֹͣڼ̧֮󣬻ķ¡
ף
ҵ﷢һʹĺ˲䣬ԼҲǾˣΪʮһγ谭
תҾͽѹȻ𾪡
ѵڻ
ϧѾˡ
粻ֹײ
ҵۿʪ޹ˡ
ɥӳƽΣȻҵĽŲ
ܶ˳˽
ǵĿµķ̰ͣȻмĿҡ
ÿ


245 ݰ٣
ҪֱӶ־ǡ
ܶ˴ҵ߿ķһȫˣͨ˵ЩǱ
Щרųġ
ûжֻ𽥱ƣȴһȻʧĸо
ҿŷһڷ֮£صȫҵİ׷һϺصϣȴֻһˡ
͸İ׷ԶȥĺۼϵУɰ׹⣬𽥵Զȥֻ׹⣬ȴߵǰɣʱͷһ۴أһҡ
ʮޣĿӰңһѻı֮Уҷ·ܵϵʹһۿа簮һδµı޺ۣȻҵϣģȴʹʮ
Ҳúʱںǳ޹֮Ȼ뿪޽ǵһ˿ǳĨȥļ䣬ҵģ˲ʹˡ
֮ʣڿ־ʹȰҵ֣˵Լʡ
һţ
ǰ壬ͼҵʲôķ
ûֹⱾаĹأǿʳЩʮǣûΪܹסЩ
ںܶ鷳Ѿˣ㻹̰ͼǾ͹ˡ
һֻ۱һֻۣΪ̳ϣҪǹȻȴǵˣ㣬ҲͰˣٻһֱƫƫԼĶӣǷ飬˵Ĳ¶ֻжӣûѡ
ҺȻͤĺ壬ӣѾԤϵԤϵԼ֮Ļ棬ˣһ˰ˣһУûйϵˣǶأ
ʮ죬ʵȴףԼ뿪ʱҲʮҪû治ȥʱ̣ԣֽͤӣͱԼĶӡ
ңɱǣ㣬㣡
ʮߵͷᣬǶߵӣδͷļһģھһ֮һԹߵĽǶȣŷ֣Լ˶١
Ϊǆµѵ⣬˿̶
߸߻ȴµ˿̶۵Ļ룻
һδʧһδʹĵı󣬶¹Ӱ̾Ǹס
ʮˣĺӣֻϧ׵̫һУ־һУͬһУΪΣΣ
ȻȴãһΡ
ͤڲϵãǱ紵İ籣ڲϵƮҿһƬƬףں޵ĿһѻʣڽеɫͿĨɾ
ʧ
һڲϱ䵭Σǻ¶ЦݣȻΣôεˣΨһ֪εңǲҲܲٿһЩأ
ʮڷܣСͳô֮꣬ͳΪһһˡ
˵̤ǰһ
űˣͻȻЩԾˣǻͷİĿңųɺ͹Ź֣ʲô񱻸ıˣһֲӦС
һһˣҿ϶õܽΪǿĴڡ
ٴοڣޡ
һź߳ģȻҡ
˵ӦǶǡ
ҿЦѣʹΣʵҲһϵ
ˣûдڵˡ
֣̾ɱ˲ʱ⣬Щˣɱɱ岻ֻʮһҲܾ
ξĸӿˣͤγһʱյѷ죬Щ޵Ļ棬ȫ˽ȥվ֮Уһֽ̤ʵصĸо֪ԼӦǻصʵ
𽥿ǰһУ۾Ǵ㵵Ŀ⣬ңЦ˲˼Գ
û뵽Ȼ㣬߽ҵΡ
ЦЦţ³ɫѪˣʮ˵ÿΣˣôΣȻǻûΪҵĲ룬ˡ
ϢǱһµ򣬶Ȼ
΢΢ݣʵôˣ
ҡͷ㿴ģҪˡ
ڵʮ׻Ϊֻξ˿̳׵ɵˣŵҡͷܣܣ
һֻץˣ˻ҳȥĲ̣ԸȻȴǲˣ˵ˣҲ뿴
Ҳ˵ʲô
һӵ̶ֳȵˣȻ˵뿴
ƽţҸЦ⣺Σ˺ܶ꣬СʱÿˣΣ룬ҵĶһ㣬ΪĶȻʵȴαجΣɱǣجγʱôľãΣȴôĶݣΪΣǰһҪôجҪôɴѲ㣬ȴԸ
Ŀ⸴ӣֲһɱҶӵĳˣȴеԸ֪ΣǼٵģȻжΪǱڴĻ氡
ҵҲǻң̾һ֪˵ʲôá
Ȼڴʱͤ󷨣ȴͻȻ䱻ˣиˣӲļһ㣬ǵǰ
ˣִֽţһũ
ȻȴǴһĥ͸ɫ˫ۣңȻֳȻ¶Ц˼
ҿһ˲䣬ӿ޷ݵϤУǿ˺ܶΣȴ벻ҵĿָܸоˣĿǰΪֹƺֻһǾǡƽ̣
ҵͫƽ̣Ȼôˣ
ûйңǳϷ˵ѾҪˣôԼǲǸðأ


246 
⻰е㲻̫ףö˶˵ģΪʲôҪأ
ҿͲ԰׵ɫԵøӲ̬ˣ˵㻹ʱ򣡡
ũƽһЦȻҵĶվҪҡ
ɥվڱϣƺѾˡ
̳ϣӦƽ̵Ϊʲôȴ漰ꣿƣǱһ㣡ҿŶˣԼĲ²⡣
Сӣ𣿡ƽ˵ĿûкԵĶ⣬ֻƽĶţȴ˸о޴ѹ
ǣ֪ǰǺˣ֪ˣҪͳһݣ֮ǰ˵ƽˣˣ置Ѱ֮ģֻڿţƺûκβ̬ҲɳϢ׼ȷԡ
ôãѵҲ֪ҿݹ˵𣿡ңǶжһ㣬ͷûʲô⣬һϷʣǿʲôĶһ㡣
ˣ˵ʵҲû˵ݹţֻ֪֣ʲô壬ǻĲΣѾͻƵ˵Ȼ֮ǲˣϼһԳƿݹˣĪǿԼ
ҿ˿񣬸оӦòģ˵һˣ
ҵͫȻ󣬴ӹ񣬺ܶʷŵˣ˾ʵģ˵ֱˣһͻĿֲ硣
ѧˣ죬ָ޵ˣָŴ߲٣߲УЩͼĻʵۣնһ޳ôֻ̤˾ߣſԽܳ͢Ĳ⣬ܹ˵ĺôҲֻǸ룬ǹʦְˣҲ컯ˡ
ˣȱһɣˣܸĽڹ˵ӰǺܴģЩˣľһ㶼˥Ʃڣһ͵ӡ
˾磬ǿ֮ˣû뵽ԼȻԼһˡ
ݹЦôˣ
ɬ촽˵ǰˣ
һǲţԼȻײһˡ
ƽȻˣǶʮǰشڿ͸һˣȻǿߣ÷ص㡣
ĿһͻȻ˵
΢΢ͷȴǾЩ죬ǹҵİֻѾˣҪʲô
࣡
ݹ˲ΪЦЦһȴǷŭһ̤ļ򣬺ߵƺߣһѪۿɼģļһ飬Ҳĵ˺һš
˸ͨĲ
ҵгأֻ˶ѣҪǸκˣǻ˵ã
գҲɱ㡣
ݹ˾һ΢Сһ㣬ȻתͷһЦ
㣬ҵӣҪͷ
ɱңҪͷң֪ǰʲô˼ұ湧ʵͷȴѾ赽˼㣬ϹǷ޳ĻôôĶ֪
ƣȳָ
УǽвôͿ뿪
в
ǰΪβɴֱɱңҿЦ˵ǲɱͷɱʲôأûղҲǱһشȻҲûзйϵؼĻǿݹ˵ǿ
壬뻹еʤ㣬ֻңסУǲܵˡ
ұɱģЩȴϣ㻹õļֵеķӣֱɱ㣬ᣬܽӵסУô뿪ݹ˺˵Ȼһɰζ
ˣ˭ץסص㣬ûǵʮʳĻһ֮ˣͿݹ
Ȼǡһ˵ܸ㡣
ˣŴκң뵽Σ֮Уһֱңȴֱֲɱң˵ҪЩʲô⼤֪˵ĴڿʼҾ;ԼһӣĲݡ
û뵽֪Ļ֪ͦ࣬ȻҲһɣϧݹ˲ζЦ˼ڱһ뵽ҵţ˲ֵѡˣҪôҪôУ
ﻹѡ
Ϊĸоҷǳܣ¶֮ɫȭ˵ǰаɡ
ܺá
ƺ͵˵𸴣ݹһ˦һź֮ϣ֮УɵŤߣһһף˫ĿȥԹ죡
һ̤ɫȻֻһС۵ĹȴѾҵǰƣҵؿھͰ
ҵͫȻΪϼһҪɱңҲҪڵڶеУû뵽ֻǵһУͶɱģֱӳҵŶ飬Ҫҵİ
ƫƫѾ޷ˣǱʩ˶ƵãֻĿֲһ˿̻İҵؿڣһ˲䣬ҷ·Ұ޽ʳ֮ǰϲĻҵؿڵѪ⣬˲ѿദһĵľʹҷ˺ѷεĲҽУ˶һͷˤڵϣһӾͿʼײ
ߣŨŨҪҵอŰҷй֮󣬲ǿѣӡڵԪ⣬óŷ׭ҲʲôˣֱӾͺſˮ˽ȥ
Һ࣬Ȼ˺ҧҵ࣬ǣȱڵʱϾһҩȱֲ
ǣҩƵ
ǳ¿ҵҩƣȻʱ˾󹦳
СҵڶС
ݹ˼û΢΢죬ЦһκλǰһȭͷͳҵԴ˹
ȵȣ
оʱһ˭Ҳû뵽ˣȴ˳Ĵţֻһֻұ̧ճȭͷݹԶȥ


247 ð
Ҫ𣿡
ӭľȻվڱԹ۵ֻһֻ첲ã˿ȭص˹ȥݹбŭ֮ɫ
Ϊ̳ϣΥ飬Ѿ޿ˡˡ
ֻǣɱ
۶ǷȫԪڼУȭͷźڹ⣬ڹ֮УһƵѪ˿֣ԼıԴѪ˿ÿһƶ͸֧Լ
Ҳ֪ôݴ˿̵ĸܣʹ֮⣬ǴˣΪʲôƴң
ϸ룬Ǵѣ㲻ɱңҲûɾҰ
һ㣬Ҳǿݹ׵ģѿɭɭ˵ȻôҲȥɣ꣬ȴҪңǺ֮ǰ˵õģ
ݹƤţҧ˵ã;ߣ˶ʮˣ͵˶ʮ꣬ҾͲţȳԵң
˵ȭͷײһһɿƤһֲڳϼ룬ȭͷײ֮һƺѪ˿߾һȻж˶Էţëһ㣬¡
ٶҪѪ˿Ҫһģۿɼģݹ˵ȭͷһǰѹֹǣȴǿʼ֨ƺѿϣҲ¶ʹ֮ɫȭͷֱۣ֮һëǱһȣζѪˮʼ˳ë
ڼֲסˣҽһʼˣݹһȭֱ۳ֳʮȵŤǵ˴۵λã黨һ³һںѪȴǸֳŨķ֮ɫ
Ҳ׼ɱ޹ֻ룬ҵĶӣ
ţֻռеķλӦǾϤƵģֱֻ֮ҲΪжγɵƩֻſݹ˾һ
ϺͿ˲ɣСʲôϵ
ݹͬޣĹ߳һֻͷһ׳էһۿΪǳʵϣǶΪȥĹɢһ˲Ϣ֮ڿ˲䣬¶֮ɫ
Ϊǹ
ǸŰ置ңǿĶȻǿݹ֮
ڿ˲䣬ͫ׾ȻȻ置֮ǰһӦ˵ҹǣ֮ȴǷְһڰıű飬ҵǧᦣѾȻµɱ¾ȴûֹͣҾ飬֪Ҫᦣ⣬µǸʱʼҾ֪Ѿ置
ֻҲףˣֺαزͷ¶βأ㵽ڶʲôˣԼ֣ƽ̴ˣʮȥˣһֱӼٸ˽̸Ψһһ飬ǰпгϵ꣬ڻ֮ŸǣаٹĹٸȥգȻ˺ТаٹĹ֮⣬ҲõһֻĹںδ
ǻɣ嵹ȥԼǿʹϣӡͤΧ󷨣ȫЩƽʱееĶóʵ£һһתɢ˾ĿֲϢ
ֻڳ֮󣬾ͱѩأ˿ȴ֪ԭѾΪ˹裬ȻΪƽ̣㱾þȨȻãⲻԾ統ӦңҸ֮󣬾ʮȥ߰ٹĹĹһֱɣ˿̣ȴ뵽ǲҲѾƺõģ֪ʮȥһò֪СǸ̥֪һжᷢ˵ƺõģʮֻһӣʵһֲ߻ģ
һҵ۾ҲǶȻû뵽ǰҿˣ˿ݹˣʮǰѾˣӴӼ˶֪ʲôʵڰпƳϣνٹֻ׳ն˵ڱһУôûпܣҵˣҲݹأ
ҵʶľͷڿݹ˵ϣɫѿļҪγˮǹһ˿⣺˵ʲôȫʲôƲƵģҿǵʧķ裡
֣Хֲչ󷨣̹ɷ죬ΡȻſݹˣ˵ˣͶҶɱУ˵ˣղֱɱûУ˵ͬˣ϶ڵҳ֣֪һֵģô࣬ΪʲôҪƣ˼˵һʮᣬʵ㹻ҪЩıأҲɣʮǰǲˣ
ݹͫȻĮڣ֪ν
Ȼ˴˿̿ϸȻᷢĶͷѾ߳ϸܵĺˮ
ЦӡԼ֮壬Ȼʼһӫ⣬ӫ⣬ʵɫƯ𣬾һſө棬ÿһӫ⣬ǵһ֣ӫֵʱ򣬺Ȼһֳص
ƤӼѵ̧ţƺҪ˯ȥ
δ﹦ν֮ԼɢҲϰѻǽ𣿡
ݹ˶ˣ޵ҧгݡ
йҲĶ֣ұҪʩչνֻ֮Ҳұִ͵ɱ˵ͷƽ̰ôãֵĻǼ˵㣬㲻ӦôżģԵûеΪһˣôûеأǰ˻ɣ˸ȥԣҸղˣǿûô˵ˣȴûп˺ۣǲ˵һأ
Ȼ
סڣ
ݹ˼нк
˵ˣǸٻƽ̣ʮǰѾˣ㣬ֻǸðƻ
۾ɵúܴɢĸˡ
Ȼһ⣬ȴǻ
ŭڵĿݹͣ
ľҾ
潹ȴĳ衸Ҳ˳˼
質СҲվ֦ͷ˻䡣


248 
ʲô
ǰҲûи壬Ϊ˭Ҳ֪Լεʲôʮ֮Σֻˡ
˼ҹΣһװĶǶӣɶƫƫʱΣȻʮ
˿ˣĻ꣬ǶͬһΣźвʣɽĸ
ӫ⣬һ㣬ӹ˵ͷƮķµĶǰɫ翺ۼۼһ澵ӣӳĵ׵ļ䣬ƺԼ
֮Уÿ˶ͬһӣӳٵΨˣõź޷ǸͦΣȴˡ
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ף˸׵գֻǸ˰ɡ
ݹૣŵǸųͷµظɻĻ棬ԸȻ뿪̤еĵ·䷱ߣͲ˿ģҵ;ǳ󺣣ҵ׷ĳ
Ȼڶ֮󣬼ܵ˱ܵʹص磬ƵСӣȻֻмʮڴˣѾȥûбģֻǴڰڷŵˮ֨ѽ֨ѽתţ߽ԼҰļֻµλȻһ£λµĳҵСʱĵ
뿪ˣһѻյԼļңѾȥĳԵʯĳʱûпĻ棬Ȼ˿ȴǿһˣ壬˵ĶĨһѺˮӹϸ׵ݹĴˮ˵û£Ҳ۵ʱֻĽЦЦŢأڰʱ棬ϦŵĵطڴһӰ֡
ʵԵУνȥ䱻ʱ򣬳ԵͻصС
ݹеãʼ˸𽥵ıʪ˵⣬ôܡ
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ξʼĵطûܹԤϡ
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Ȼ޷ǣÿһĶ죬ʦǻȥǸѩߣϣܹطҵˣֻϧֻλãûʵ֡
ʧѾΪϰߣȻѩѰףҲһϰߡ
ڣʪ۾ȴ᣺ʦ͹ˣʦҵĸףһҪʲô׵أ
ֻг衣ֵĺܲһ۾ֳʹࡣ
ڸףûаֻкޡ
Ϊ檳ӣСģĮͷգĸ׵ĸ׵ҪǺ֮Уһ˫ֽĸ״ӷĹٳļ䣬εģѪᣬǱݶĮһ򱶵ĸ顣
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衵¶һ˿ûйã⳰ͱ˿ɬΪԼиףǱأ
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ף
һȥ㣬Ҫһ𰸡
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ڳʹʮˮѪӿ
ĺҾѣҿãĿݹˣתӳ
ߺһ֮󣬿ݹ˲ת¶ܻ֮ɫת׷˹


249 ֮
һ֣ԼĴλãô׾ܹģ
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ſˮȴֿˮҲԽԽȣһ̵ζ˳ֵ϶Ѫ
˺˸ղǰĻ棬ڻӫ⣬ɶϣŻݵôôûѡ
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ҿ˿ɫ˿̻ǰ֪ǿ󣬸ܹģʮİ£ͨ󷨳һȥΪҲҪ۵衸
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ΪͷԲ˵ͷȴǸԹйأɵԽ࣬ͷԽǳȵͷǳޣͻָǸʱᵽȫʢʱڣǳֲ
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ҿЩ׭ټϲʩչķŹһֱӵڡ
ˣҲǷǳǱǺˮ·ͱ˲Ϊһ·Խ˲СĵطƩ֣Ѿˡ
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ԭ·أ滹ǹųǣһװ˿ݹˣ֪ô
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֮ǰĿݹˣȻϣ޹أڵȴͷڷƤǻص˶ʮʱ򣬶ϵũʣҲǶȻ仯һѷĽе˶Ӣ䲻
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ſݹˣ˾֮⣬е˷ܣͻɵ飬ڵõ֤ʵһ
ҿų衣΢΢˸һ֪ˡҵĿӹݹ˵ؿڣȻͿһĽۡһʼ衾Ҫɱƽ̣ҵʱףֻǾִɱݹЩף˿ȴ֪һʲôң置ҲǵΪĥԼĿġ
ڵó֮ʶЩΪֱƭĸоܲã˦˦ͷͷ׿°Ŀڿݹϡ
ϢԽԽǿˣҿ𾪵һĻҹ֮Уϵӿҿһֻֻǿ꿿ǵ壬ʼʱǸԲͬģڿ֮ȴȫ˿ݹ˵ӣǾӰһ㣬뵽ݹ˵ڣϢǿŴͣһĻе
һģһЩӣ֮һȻǱˣ
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ݹ˿Լ壬ȵ̶˫Ŀͨ죬׵ķŭ
˶ʮʱħأȴһ٣ʮ̣һ񣡡
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ҿų衣˵ͷһԤУ֪һ֮ء
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ǲԸ˵衵Ц״̬֣һĪĿܣİɣʵ֪ģҲ࣬ȥǸطûȥ̳еɽͳȴǸйǵĴ𰸡
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ݹüͷһʲô˼
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ڿݹصУ衵˿ڣһĿʼ裬µѿֻһİ̺ۣһۿɼٶȲϵı䵭
ݹ˶ų衣Ȼħϣ
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ҿۻҲãȻǴδ˵ֶ
衵һЦֻҪȷϣ߸ʧȥħ˭ϣȷˣ֮һôʣµ˭һ֪ˣ
ݹɫ΢䣬ų衵Ȼ̰ɱҶʮĻòǰѾҺ޲ɱ㣬ڣȴǷǳм㣬Ϊħϣܹõħ֡
δ䣬е̰֮ɫҲƲסˣһͳų˹ȥ
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ڴʱδԶĿݹͻȻ۷ҸһƣΪɵ˵ħϵܣΪ׷㣬СӻȥΪһôϵħ֣ҪСӵҲŹֻҪõħ֣һʲôأ
ЦУһڵӡҶӡÿһ֮У̺һֻССͷ˻𣬱УӡֱӴҵؿڣҵعֱӾȥǧë֮˲Ѫҵͫ׶Ȼ޷ݵľʹҾǲӱסһ㣬޷
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޴ûʲô£ϧ̫嶯ˣⶾʮܵħ֮置ĹƳ棬Ҳ޷⣬ʮ£ⶾ֮Уĥģ
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252 ֮
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衼Լļƻʧܣûݹ˷ˣ۾ҲǺˡ
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衵ǵĿһۣתߡ
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˵󷨣ҽгʮȥʹ֮У͵ĿңͻȻսȭͷҪɱ˿ݹˣ
ҵüͷ΢΢һ壬Ը񣬵һʱ˲мȻʮɫȴûΪҵĲм˿ɶҵ𽥸ı䣬ĪСӣ˲ɣ
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ǳ֦ԥ֮ɫ⣬һǿһЦʵΣ
̧°ͣŬԼһ䣬еһĨǣȴȻ޷ڸǣŵḶ́Ѿ֪ˣͼùƳ飬յĽǣûж
ҵǲ֮ɫûжôܣ
ǰٶֵģôжأͲǶһֺĶֻͻƵ˾⾳ν⾳ĶҲ֪ȥڹͣνĶʵµĺۼݹ˶ʮ̣ԲɣĿʾˣ⵽Ϊʲô˭Ҳ֪ǣʮ£ȴôװ׵ʧµĺۼһӡۼ֮УɵģԪǳԽ˵ԽǵͳΪž޽ӽʵڶʲôĶϤʲô
µĺۼƺЩˣ֮ǰ衽ħӦþºۼĹؼĴɱÿݹˣòԼصЩ£ȫ˻Щһģһ꣬ÿһ̺Ϣһ֣ĶʮԪңֻǳ۶ѣ
ŻҰգȻһɳĺ֮⣬Լˣ붯ˣҪúõ˯һ
ͷոʱ򣬾Ͱһôͷأ
ǻȥҵЩ˵а취
ǳϳϾӣĵĲװġ
δɱ˿ݹˣ˴ܣ֮ǰ飬Ӧһʹˡ
⻰΢ֳЩϣת˲ֱ˿Цֻ¼ֲǸʱ򡣡
˵һԣң
ҿ˿ǳҲڴ΢΢һů˵ͷ
ǿʼ·ҹɫбܣȻֻǰʱҾ͸оƣڴڵĴϢң㲻𣿡
Լ࣬˵ǳ˼ժһƬҶӣҵ˻˳ҶӣѾ˿ݻơ
Ϊʲô
۾Ȼ
֮ǵٶԽ죬ԽǼתԶҲ׷ʱ䣬ȥġ
ǳǿͷĺڷ¶İ߲סˡ
УһҪߣ
ߣӣҷϣǰȥ
ǳһ㶣Ҳ
źܵȴȻһůĸоѾҪˣҿŻͷϸܵĺˮǼʹôͣȻüٵĺҲʵΪʲôҪôã㲢޽飬ʦ̱е⡣
Ϣ˵Ҿ㣬ǳŽ飬ҲǷΪС
Ϊʲô
Ϊ㣬Ծ㣬Ҳ뿴һˣҵǰȥ
¶ЦǺһ㡣
ҵ鲼ŸӣΪҾʦǸɹĵطǿȴΪʿ֪Ѿѻѵλãˣؼʱǿġ
վˤ·ϡ
ҷ˸ӣ峿Ŀˣǻزȥˡ
˫Ѫ˿һҹû˯Եø˵УһҪ㣬£һȥˣ
˵꣬ܣûе˵仰
ʱ䣬ǳӣɫȹ̿ڻߺȻԵ࣬ԼңǵڼΣΪأ


253 Ĵۣ
һص˸񣬱˴ţϤС
ڼˡ
ϸ룬̾һǲˡ
ǳޱȵĸӡ
еʱʵһȥһЩѩһõѡΪʲôϲ
һûʲôɹԵˡ
ǣֶƫƫǲܿƵģԼԼãҸһ𰸣Щ˾˵ãȴƫƫ޷ᣬ黻Į
Ҳǳֻϰıɡ
Ҳ̾ϢǰߣһСʱǵ̫Ҫˣɽ֮߶֦֯һɵֳù֮⣬Ȼ飬ҿ涯ʱǼĺ飬ͷȴǾϲá
ƺǺοĵϣľҵıӣǳ˵Ȱգϣü
գ
ЦЦܵģûе
ǳҧס촽û˵
ͼԼĹңԼָһֻֻǳЩɢȳĶ˵Ȼ֮ôĽⶾʽ϶ǲеģ֮ʴҲתƣЩΪҲܹΪ㽫ӡ⿪
ԡ
ұۣƾ
ǳӵĿңһڱԼȴҲǿʼˣȻУȴǰδе档
óذףҵĽŵףģԼͷԻһѪʵɲǣǳ¶֮ɫ
ڶ඾һԾҵѪҺǳҵ촽ԥȻӣԼıɸңĴдҵ촽ʧۣɫ糣ǳһְֻҵĸЦ˵ҪҼ޸ġ
Ҷһ˵ʱȴȻļѹҵĸҸоԼĿ˲ͱѹ˳ȥ֮ڱƺǳĹͬŬ£ʼӿЩ棬˱ѪҺʱȴҲմȾһ˿£ۿɼģһֻ߱𽥱ĸɱȻ˵ϡ
ǳ¶ϲɫѵĿԣ
Ȼһ룬òųȥºۼƹ֮һ»صҵڣûн⣬ƺøӸˣҵɫʼƣ˰ߵ㣬µĺۼˡ
ԣԲ𡭡
ǳ˫ֲҪҵģգȴĽ֡
ûϵ㣡
ҿȴǰοЦЦзǳİꡣ
ôˣŵʱ䣬һƽƽˣߵһҲǲ׳ģȴƣ˿õþˣҲ⣬οһأ
ҲԸȥµӡҲԸȥ뻳ʲôʱ漣ᷢôȻֻᷢ뿴ǳרעʲôֻҪţоǰ
ңһһ취
ǳܵҵĸȾҲǰֻĸҵգҲɣ۾΢΢ͣ΢Ц̾һ
ǰ׷ǰ룬ȴҲһ㣬˿㵹ҪҸһЩ
ҿԸоǳı仯һѿˣ飬ҺܲӦͬʱȴǴҷǳõĸоҿ˵ʼɡ
˵ͷɫ˵ھڣ㲻置֮ˣԶ˵ûбƵĸ㣬һΪ̰ľ綾һ棬µϢˣֻǼľӣȴǱҲǿõģ޷Ϊ㻻ôҲԣ
կʥôߵĽϹƣŸң˶ľģʵ𣿡
ǳͷѾ׼ˣ˵կ֮⣬ӦиںģҪ˽һΣܻΪֵá
˵ȡһҩ۷ҵ˿ڴûãͳˡ
ܾ裬ΪԵܵԤеΣգǣǳȴ֪ζԸˣֱҵĵӣĴӣڹгӣСʱǿɵĵͣٴ˳ţǳ𵶣ߵĳϸһȻпҵţƤ£ֱӻ࣬˽ȥ
ҩƵӿ˿Ѹϣ˲ʹ࣬ȴ˲ҵɫŤֻק٣ǳòױ֯ɵĵֱӶѣˤ˵ϣˮŴŵĹ䣬ҸоԼУڽл
µҵͬһһ㣬ޱȵĴȴǿĽ֮⣬Ϊսγһֶݵƽ⡣
ؿڣ浹£ǳңڸоô
ҿЦ˵ƺǿеͨϣҵΪһ壬Ҳܻ
û˭ҸԼ״ˣǳҲˣŵӣϣܹϧ𲻵κЧڵܿơ
ᣬ˳չ䣬֣ȴڰ¡
ɢЩ졣
Ҳյɡ
ʧȥʶ
ôõʱ䣬̻˽ںǾҶЩʱȴҪ뿪ô˽˭ȥں˭أ
ǳţҲϵգỬ䡣
֪Ϊʲôö˶˵˪УҪԼȡǳΪҹȥҲͨŮ룬һҵӣ߽ҵ磬ǿ׳Һµʱ򣬵ҵǰֻǣʵңǶǲܵģעǹŵңӦȥЩҰҵĲʣҵĻ룬ֽϣԣǳ
ҵһֻа裬һβ㣬ˮζżˣҪ̽ˮ棬ôһ˲Ľ㣬Ȼ޷ˮҲϲ죬һϵ
ǶߵӣȴǼᶨ
˳򣬸Ҫ޸ѾӦ㣬ҲҪţۣʲôĴۣ


254 ڣ
Ҳ֪Ƴͨĳʲô𣬵أɷӦЩͬİɡ
ϹƣӦһֲͬĶˣǽϹǰǼΪ置ʥȻӵص㣬оͰǿ
һıƱᣬֻ˥·ȴûö೤ʱ䣬ͻָԪɴ˿ɼĲ
ڵܹϵĺ֮⣬ҵ෢̣ҵʶȴ˻磬ͬ˸ƽ˼άҲʲôӰ죬ģ״£Ͳ˷磬˴ˣᾧʼɶˣγɵḥ̂Ҳǳ֮С
һſƬ䣬ֲͬ˸ã˽ȥңھŲͬһжʮżƬôˣ״̬Уĥתţĺ⣬֮䣬ȴγһſŹӵġ
ģȫ֣ͻγΪı仯ҵľ磬Ҳ̤뵽ĵһ硣
ǣѣ˸ÿһ˸ʮᾧտʼãԽԽʹ࣬ȫʶΪȥȹɣҪܲסˡ
⻹⻼ΪƵһ֮⣬Ѿ㹻ͷʹˣʱֳôһ£֮£ֻҵںϣṩǿΪ֧ţȻֻһ;
Ȼһи֮ҵɣָҲøɿ
֮һ㣬ôҾΪֲһ㣡
ǳң̯֣Ҷıƣ˳ǳ¶֮ɫȭͷһգⱾƣһţƺţǳҪô
˵һҪ۸ʲôĴۣ
ʼԼһ㣬Ǿ޷ѣ˺Լˣôƣͻлⲻǵģ˶ԼıƲ⣬Ҳ޷ˣΪۣ
ƿʼϢǳĿСɵıӿѪǿҵԹ޲ùǳȻ
ǳҲܣ۾ͣǿףж棬ӿһѪԼıư
ϢţԼȭͷķҵ촽ϱߣȻ΢΢򿪣ƵѪҺʼʣŨϢνҵʶ˽ȥ
ʹңѾ˱ıԵȴͻȻһĨ⣬ǳϣһůӲǽҴӱԵ˻
ԽԽ࣬ǳϲĿңΪҵĺῪʼˣʶ˵пҪѡ
ʵϣҵȷ𽥵˹ֻģ磬Ȼ޸֪ҴĿԼĴ֪ʲôʼȻѾĥˣҹʼתãȻľĸżᾧҵʹࡣ
ô£
û뵽ֶȻı仯
Щңڵܹܵסʮöᾧأǣ˸֪ķֿˣţҪںϵģѾҪסˣһںϣȻǾ̵ĺˮһ㣬Եֵ
ǣûκΰ취ֻĿһеķΨһܸϣģǱ鲼ߵĺ⣬һůζ缢ƿʵţĵȴҲǷɻ
⣬ʲô
һֻƣжѪҺ
οѪҺ֮УǴվ伣ˣϢûˣǳۣΪңΪƣ㹻ɡ
ңҪ˵㣬ҴӦˣأôȥ𣿡ǳૣƺԼԼƺǽ޸֪ҡ
ʶһĻĻϵԺи֣ԼһѡôǲǾͲᷢ飿ߣһʼͲҪңҲͲֻ֣֮ǣʵȴԽ룬еԽ
Ử䣬ҧԼָ⣬ʼԼѪҺҵ
΢ĺ⣬һʢϲ⣬·ץסһžݣһ㣬ٶһ㡭
̰ڴš
һ죬ȥˡ
ûл
һÿһСʱǳҪιһѪҺѪУ̺Ϥ˴սۿȻỳԼǲ¼Ϊǳģȫ
ӵĳ죬ӵʧȥ󡭡
ϣûκιʣΨ˫ۣȻִţѾû˼ôˣֻǻеԼ飬һֱܡ
𣿡
żҲ
ԺлԼݣǱٵķ񣬻һβ㡭ẬЦȡһһҩۣҩֲۣԼõģΪ룬żţԼȼֲסҩ۳ˣͳԻµ鵤ֻһǾǵȴ漣ķ
һȥ˼ᾧ˸񣬿ʼҵľǰδеļУΪ֪Ŀ飡
УѾôˡ
ǳιѪƵʣһСʱ˰СʱΪԸоС
ʹ
˸ײһǾҾεʹ࣬ŤһŵʹȴǵһΡ
Ŀ˲ʮ
ǵڶգǳûжʱľڣѾľľֻǵĿҵգ¶һ˿ĸԸĿЦǷ𣿶Į춼Ҫ㡣
Ըȥ˼ôˣֻĳŵйȥļ䣬֧
Ҵڹؼʱ̣ոշѪϾ˽ȥǳӦһҧݣ¶֮ɫȴǺԥҧ⣬ӣɳһνɫѪҺ
Ǳ֮ѪѪ˵ϢϢأⱾѪֵ˲䣬ͷʼ䣬ҲѸ˥ϣʱȴǿ𽥱¶Цݣ㣬Ҫô


255 Ѫ
ھѪ˳źȥʱּеĿ˲͵õ㣬ڵĺ⣬һӱŨϢһ㣬ҵÿһϸȸԾָĻеҩƣҪһʱܵɢģ˿ȴǼӿ̣ÿһһҩӿȻա
ҩƵҩһ㣬壬ϱɵ£һĿʼܽ⣬ճҺ壬Ȼҵ֮С
ҪԲҪ˵ҩƵ˫֮£ҵǱϴһ㣬ЩڳܵĶأȫŵĸɸɾ࣬˿̾ǱþӨ͸ҩĳˢ֮£֣㣬Ĵǣҵദγ׶
⣬ֱ֮ΪϣأģʵһʣԵɺ֮£ҵྭϴϣϳֵ˲䣬޴йҩһ˳ӿҩϯȫҵÿһϸÿһѪ⣬ÿһ֯Ǿϴҵë֮УǵҺ壬ǿҵĶζⶼǶܵĶء
Ȼж˼ÿ˶ЯŶڵĿʳˮԴôĴЯŶֶֻͨ˶Ӱ죬ѧ棬ȴ֮ء
͵бµĸˣɽ֮УΪԶУ࣬ȲԼֲÿʵǽԼڵŵˣȻܹ١ھ͵ڰ׼һˣѵʱ򣬿ͳܲסʹˣûʶܹΪϴ
̥ǣû뵽㷴øˣ֮ҪԼԸӦöǿʵ˰ɣǳңٴ¶Ц֣ΡΡĸҵգȻڿҪʱȴͻȻͣͣԼѾûеǰÿˣʧȥ˹󣬹ǽҲôࡣ
ǰĴ𣿡૿ڣƺңƺԼֵֵ֣Ժиոճ־ͱһ̾ȥ˼κ飬ֻǾľĹעҵ
ʱ򻹲֪Լı仯ΪѾ黨һŤһˣǶʮᾧڶʮֲͬôŬգҲ޷ֻһˮӿȴһӣҸе
һ㣬ٶһ㣡
Ψһܸϣģůĺ⣬ҼҪʹûܻůҴıԵˮϵ󣬱һˮͰͬģҲǶ
翴Ҹոպɫٶȳʹָ࣬Ҳʶľһʹൽ˼޵ģ
ѵ⻹𣿡
ǳʣŻɺͱˣ޷ڵʲôֻ̾ϢôҪҾ͸ˡ
ٴ۳ѪһΣ֮ǰɸңΪļУǳܲסģ鵤ҩȫ̵ǳ԰׵ɫǺÿ˵㣬˫ֽӡѪѪһھ˳ѪȵķֲҵȫûκѪͱҼʵɡ
б֮أȴȻᶨϵѪÿһѪɫ԰׼֣壬Ҳۿɼٶȱݣһ˾ŴΣʹְѾݳƤǣµϣǸֳƣǾɫķˣƺҲˡ
ȴ˱ˣΪûע⵽Լı仯ֻǿңҵ̬һʧҪ֮˼֣ò˵Ҳһ漣
ûи˶ãҵɫֱò԰ףΪľٶȳ⣬Щ䶼ԹıɣӵĥϵģͲһҪγˣȴѺۣƺҪһ㣡
ľҲʼ˥ˣϾҪɵ̥ǣȴڹؼʱ̣
Ҳ˳Ҳ޷ϷĲΪûˮ޷ġҲӦڴô࣬Ϊկ˶ʮ꣬Ϊ㣬ȴֻǻ죬ҶԣǶʮ꣬𡭡ˣŵĿʼǳٴ˥Ϣ˵
óذףķԼĿڣһ̣ԥˣֻҪǸˣҪ϶ɣԥڿϵʹ֮ȴǲڣһЦݣǵһμʱҴˮﱻ̳ʪľǸѵĺӡ
ڿʼҲǷʲôˣҵĶ飬һ㣬ҵ飬һΨһҿǷģֻҵãѩ޹ģҪסʲô㶼˺Ҳñ˺⣬ҶΨһҪ󡭡ǳǳˮīãȴվ޷ԼͽȥҲ
˵֮䣬ȴǹϵĽذײԼš
˳˾Ѫ֮⣬һѪǾͷѪ
һͷѪͬȫѪҺǳʹƺߣȴǴº͵΢Ц֮Уƺǿһг㣬գɡ
ʵȴӵĵˣһ仨ӿĵ㣬⻨þݼ۳һˮѪҺȴǻĹ䣬ҵ
žžડ
ģᡣ
ҴϲΪֱʢ֧ˣɿЩ䣬Ϣһǿ󣬶ĥϵģҲпݽߵľҲõǿĲ䣬һУôá
ǣȴĪЩˡ
Ϊʲôůĺ⣬ȴеأеɬأ


256 
һҹȥҹûк۵ǳ˫ĿѲѪ˿һ̶ͣЪĶҵ
ڣҳ׵ƽ֮¶ЦݣĵĿգҵУǶ޷ȹνѣôֻΪˡãվǻ
峿ߴߴĽţУ֮䶼һϢ¶ˮʪǳȹͰ͵ģˣҲȹһ㣬֪ʱѾòϣƤ׷
͸һ¶ĵӰԼӰӣϵӿȻ֮ɫӲվԱߵӱϣ¶ˮЩ־壬ǵĴ˹ȥԼڵģ
⣬עƽߵˣӦнʣˣܹһ𣿡ڵأ峿¶ˮģ
֪ô˵ˣĬĻصҵߣӻһö壬ҵؿڣҪȢˣôһҪѩΪҲϲ㣬ԭҵ˽öһҪԼ÷Ůˣôһһӣ
۾ƣ˼㡣
ȴ֪˿ҵڣѾ췭ظˣеľ籡֮£ӲֶһϣǸҩһȫĺҵΪһ壬ÿһκܸоԼǿҵļ棬һۻ࣬ǿһ㣬ҵϣż¶ĶǾӨͺӤһƤ
ҵ꣬˿ҲڰȣĥվǽɣǹӵʱʱâÿһΣһµ⾳Լǽ˳ţǵȴĵǣŴ˴εջʱÿȥһ룬Ҿ͸ǿһָ֣оʵƵ
Ҳֻ˶ѣһһ˿ʶ۲ֵḥ̻̂ģȴ¶˹Ź֮ɫ
ƺôһЩϤأ
٣ߣ󡭡ţͻȻⲻǵҵľΪŵĻľŸ֣ѾȫķΧڹΪˣܶСӶܱгŸ֣ЩĿֲĵӰǲùΣЩףΪʲôľŸأ
Աʵûκأ׺ܶѧĵûǴĻڹʱ򣬾ԿǵĹ֮Ÿ֣ÿͬһΪȻҲֻǼذˣΪȴǳĥ֮أץסʲôȴֲҳϣΪʵ̫ˣĪ⾹ǼžԵˣǼ˴ˣ
ľԣһ´ȥá
ȥ룬ҵĻǣڲϵǿʵôϲңһҸ⿪ĵˣǾҵĻǱǿ֮󣬶ǵĸӦҲǿ࣬е㲻ԼжϣΪ置ҾͿ㣡
˵ʲô
ҵǣ置֮У
Ϊȴûأ
һ̣Ҹое˶ٵҵͷϣʵ˵ǣǵõֻˣĻӺңΪҶԻǵĸӦҲĲǿ
һУôֻʼһĨ֮ȥӰңǼҪһұһ
Ϊʲô
磬Ųд˪ģ
˪Ȼּ
иż˹ԶԶĿˣ¶ϲ֮ɫԲˡ
ǻûΥԼŵԣ˻ֻǣԵˣڵϵң߹ҵıϢȴǿϲ˵ҿ쵣ˣΪԼҪ£û뵽ѾˣȫȻû˿֮࣬ôģ
ţȻͿ˪ֻһۣɫúȻһƨڵϣָǳ˵
ǳ֪ǹģȴȻǱ£¶Ȼ֮ɫ㲻ʶ𣿡
˺һ󣬲ŴǳϿϤĸоæԼ˵Բ𣬶ԲҸղûϳҲǹġ
޷һ𣿡ǳЦ˵ֻУȴȻǧУŮˣóķǵ
һˣǰҲһˣ˾ĵҩֻǲ֪ܲЧˣôģֵˣ׾ǳĻٶ룬ԺҲ˵ǳ۱ʲôôҪɡ
ֻǻѡǳҡҡͷ˵
ӣҵȻֺܻǳ֣ϸ֮¶Ȼ֮ɫȻǰʢ㣬ȴѾ;ƿݡ
ǳָϵ˿ڣٿ촽ϵѪؿʢѪɫӺȻ˾壬վӣǳȭ˵ȻŮӣΪȴԸ춯أ֮飬һȻҲΪ֮պǶԲ㣬ݣ
ǳνҡҡͷںģͲЩֻҸĿң˵û¡
ͷȻγѣˣǷͷҵģǰҪȥ֪ͨǣԵƬ̣һҪ취Ϊָġ
˵ֻ꣬𼱻ǵˡ
ȻڻƬ̣ҵָͶ˶۽ëҲϸ΢Ķ
Ҫôڴ˺ܾõ飬Ҫʱǳȴǻң֪ԼʲôֻǱܵĲҿڵģֳֻŵأš


257 ȴʶ
۾ЩãһΣ棬̫̫Ĺ죬׵ģǺ⣬ʲôȻů
ҿһϺ˵ϸˣЩӣᵽԼϵǹɶüͷҲϸʵλţʲôط
š
Ҫҵʱеίȴ˲ӿ˳ǳȫˣҪһ̵ĸܣôģǱһѵмпˣȻ˵ֻ·
˻·
Ȼ֣Ҳû룬ʵǷһĹɫȹӡ
һİĵطԼһǸӵǳҲ֪ԼôѹģҿԸоԼڵ״̬жãû֮ǰҪʮȻɺϡ
ĹûмֳĹȴһȴһԵʧֻǵ۾ãȻֻᣬȴֻʣ̾ϢȻһЦ˼ȻԶԶܿ
ˡ
ͷʲôֻǿıӰҵȴĪЩʹʲôôƤʧˡ
մˮͰȹڣȴһúϤֻǣôܣ
Ȼ̧ͷʧ֪ȥ
ŲϤĺ
ˡ
Ĳ
ǰСӣ㻹ǷͽܺöǮ˺˭Ǯ
үǶ
վţǿϲֱӾͳ˹ҴܱػңҲޱȻϲҪӭϵʱȴһѽƿű˵ʲôζʺһˣ
Ҳףεժϵĺ࣬˵һˡ
үȴлһĨ֮ɫ߹ҵ˼£˵˼飬˼飬Ȼ̥ˣΪʲô
̥ǣ
ҿԸоԼӯͷƺ
һ£ֻе˵ľ磬̥ǣ㣬ȴǲ֪ô£Ȼ̥ˣڵ磬̥ĺôֱ޷ٶȣǱ˵ļʮѧϰٶȣи򾳽硭֮СӷˣĹʺˣô񵽵ģ
үҪˣϲϵţһ뵽еĺôܻĺݺݵһƣʵ۾Ҫð̹⡣
ȻΪʲôأ
Ҳģȴɻ޶˶˵ģô̥ˣǧѷĴԵ޶˶˵Ľٵҵϣ
ҸокܶʣȥĪ̥ǣлʱǱҵĺ⡭ЩҶҪŪô¡
ˣӵĵҪΪڿ͹ˣģ̥ˣȥǺܿҪԽˣвУи̬ĳѾ㹻ˣСӾԲУ
һץļһǰǶǿսʱƣԼġλȹˣ˺ǿҵиС
׼Ӧʱ򣬻ȴħһ߻תһȦҲûҵˣֱܹңأ
ҿŻЩ֣˵ǳҲûмҪء
ûмôܣŸղŵĻ棬ǳļҪγˮ㣬λǰ뿪ҡ
ҵȷûмֻһǰҲ֪˭򵥵˵˼仰ˡҾû״̬֣˵ǳֲ죬ôһҪ
ţ˵ղŽţ
ʲôŭҡ
㣬ôˣ
Ҳס
˹º͵ͷһηôĻЩʧصץҵ죬ĭӺţҿˣˣǸţ㻹ôԵԵŮأ
ͷľͱһŭҲð˻˵лøҽȻҲˡ
ɿңĵ˼Ƿŭͳʲôʱҿûйϵֻ㣬Զ𣿡
ǳʲôϵ
ҼҪˣģҺܲ
֪ҹΪѣÿһʱ䣬ҪԼѪҺŽÿһ˿ϣֻҧָѾɱΡ
֪ѪþʱõԼľѪ⾫Ѫ֮У̺ӦúɣԪʱ򣬵õ˲䣬˵㲻𣿡
֪һǰ˿ڣǶȻԼ˵ԼͷѪʲôҲҪ˵
֪һŮӾΪ㸶һУѪҺһ𽻸֮պģҲͲˡ
֪Ȼ㣬ҪģֻǣȴʲôһţΪֻ㿪ڶ𣿵ٵģȴһѪѻ顭Ҳ֪Ҳ֪㾿֪ʲô֪Ҳˣ
鱯ߣָңҲǴӳڣһηôĻָָҵıǼ⣡
ЩҵĶͬһ㣬ҳ׵ˣףÿΰҴӾԵĺʲôϤůˮеɬǵʲô
µö壬ѩҲʲô˼Ҫҽѩ𣿻˵뿪Ϊ𡭡
ڣңҪ˭
ŭ
ʹı۾ʱѾ۷ŭ޴Ůˣһ˺ۺʹ뿪⣬ںεأҵǰδеĲǿֲʵ˲䱬۹ȫ忪佣ʧּ䡣
һҪһ


258 ÿ
˳뿪ķһ·׷ȥҵһŻҷǳܣ޴ӷйŽֲһӵƺͻںޣҪҷ裡
ҶȻܴ֣ܳһһУңʱ׷ʲôҪװʲô֪
һ߿񱼣һӡ
洫Ҷһ̾ԼļƬδݳԺУѿ
ҿǳϤӰָҵǸһıֻӹҵգָȻѾɱˣ˿˺ѣ¶Ѫ⣬˵ͣҧָÿһҧѪģΪܼѪ
˵ʮָģʹ࣬˲ϢˣۿҲʪҿ˵ڶ棬૵ĵİ飬֪ȴأ˵ǰ㡣
˵Ƿ㣬ֻżȻֽܳ㣬ûʹҵҶȻҪ㣬룬ֻҲҪƿˮ棬ǱȥѰ㣬ûʲôֹܹûС
ֿ⾫ѪĻ棬ǧҵԺը죬ĻںҴԼʱĿһֱǺԶһ㣬ǣǳ֮ûнҩʧ£ֻпֲȻվǿա
ҪȢˣôһҪѩΪҲϲ㣬ԭҵ˽öһҪԼ÷Ůˣôһһӣ
һʱȻдżᶨɫȢѩΪʲôҪȢѩڱ֮࣬Ҹһ޷ѹƵķŭǿһģΪôҪʧȥϣҿȢ㣬ΪҪȥȢѩһö壬ҵٶȶȻӿ˼ֻ֣һͷǾһҪһ
Ϊ֮Ȼף̵һʹ쳤Х
ȻȴʼͽͣǳȻûҵ
ܲʱ״̬ôԶأԲܣ
ҵɫǳѿ㵽ȥģ
׷˹˵ӦòԶ״̬ȥأ
үΧȻһĴ˵òǡ
ɫһֱӱƽүЩ˵ʲô
үҵ⸱ģȴ¶˼ֲӦȻͷһؼһ棬ֻǣҸͲܿԼȻҲǿģүԥ˵ܿկ֮ôòŸϹҲΪǺկصԭûмǴĻ棬а˸һկӣ
Һе˼ˣʵ˵пܱկ°ˣ
үͷ˵ҲȷϣֻһˣΧû˰˺կ˭ôأ
ҿ˶ǵͷ˵ʦ˵еկΪ˱֤Լľ԰ȫڳ˴ƣ˰ʮĸկӷֲΧʮĸկӣװݣǱһ㣬Ϊ˸ӵмĵǺկ֮ǰҲկӦҲ˽⡣
ҵĿ֮ǰǰկΪѰǳ·û£ܿկӣ仹֪˵Ӧûдġ
Ǳȥ̽һ£ҪӲΪ˸կвйţˣ㲻ûҪԼȥﻹּܶ졭
ү˵һ׵ķ
ҵжȻŷŭҾκ⣬ƴûôҲһëǱȥ̽ûôʱˣ
һ̤Ӽ˸ʧˣҳŵһկӳȥ
̫嶯ˣ㲻Ҫ£
ʱ򷴶侲֮ǰķŭֻΪǳоֵǹɾͷȥȻǸŰĻ
ʦѵ֪Ƣ˵Ǵ̼
һĴȣЩ׷ȥƣǴӲɰ
֪ôࣿ취Ҿֻܰˣ˭ϵ˳嶯ң͵ǹҰɣϣֹ
үЩ̶ҲˣȫԼϡ
˼ٶȣûҿ죬ж֮䣬ҸоԼ࣬࣬ǻ͸һ㣬Ҳ̫ܵȻٵҵÿһ缡棬̺ǿҵĻǣҺܾöûеĳʵС
Ҫ֪ǵĳʵУһֻȫʱŻеģڣȴĸоˣ˵Ѿ㹻ǿˣ˿ٳһĻǣҲ׵շˡ
ֻ˰Сʱʱ䣬Ҿ˵һկ֮⡣
կû֣ʮĵկӣ58
պկı׼䱸Χկӣһ¶һţԼ򣬶ˣȴҲǷɢڸկģȻǳϼΪҲûôĳϣֻһȺȽĵӡ
ԴӺկʼڣһֱǺկˣûб˽ǱֵķǳиĵӴկſڴƣѲߵˣҲģ
ǵ͵İݹˡ
һɷҶڣҪˣǾԲ״ӦѾܳˣ֪϶᲻ֶεĹ㡣
ҵ⣺˭ֹˣҾɱ˭
壬˿ȴӱ䣬ֱӾͰγ佣˹ȥ
ǰү˵ӦĲκע⣬ļ߹ȥɵҲҲˣ
Ͼдĺ缯ЩĵӣҲ˹
ߺˣ
һɨǣûҪǸӰ¶˵ʧ֮ɫ
鷳ÿ


259 
ǻԼˣĪһˣĪ˵˾ÿиĵ˳Ӧ졣
˵һ飿
ȴǿգ˵Ǹʱ䲻ˡ
һ̤佣˲䳯ǰһնľӿһԪϢǿĻǸ֧ȫҵһʵʩչų衴ڸҵǰ֪⽣ұǿ֮󣬴˿̲֪ԭֻе磬⽣С
٣ɨȥ貵ĹâŴݿƣЩͨ磬ûκηӦĻᣬɥ˽֮£
ĵͫȻ޷ǿǲ֪ΣˣϮ֪ͨţ
һɱĲҽУžǸڽ£ĵޣ˺ܾõĹ˳צɢſֲɷȻȴһֲԪ佣䣬Ҫĵߵ
۶ⲿûдݻѽôʹڲʼ
ҹԪ佣ɫĽֵĶоʲôڸһ㣬Ҹоʲôƺ䣬ǳ˶ļͻȻƿһ㣬佣âţ۵Ĺâȴҵɫ䣬ΪϢһɴĵζҴδ˴ĵ
뵽佣Ĵ˵˽˵彣ǣѾȥˣ⽣Ǳô置أ
Ҫ֪𰸣Ҫ䵱ɽУڣȴǸľϲĵӿ̤Ų¸壬ʵٴɣٵĽ⣬˿ȴԨ纣ˣϯȥܵЩոճֵ꣬գ۾ڵɢ̣
ǵˣ
˴󺰣ͳһ룬ⷨҲǹѡ
ûһ֮УһկӣֻһȺСϺ׶ѣǸνĹţǳˣֵһǣһֻëҰԿҰںڵģȻǴ˾綾Ŷ֮ƣ¶һĨ֮ɫԭˣɲĵط
ȻȴֱӴƵķΧٶֵңЩҰŭңȻֻһۣ˼ĲӣΣգԶҪеĶ࣬ע⵽⣬ʵ˭
ʱ䲻ˡ
ûдһĨĲӣһţڹƳ;綾ûõʱǸͨûʲôˣɱѡ
Ҵկӣ;עϢȻȴȻûǳҵв˽ѵǱ͵կ
һҪһ뿪58կӣ59ȥ
뿪֮ûãڸϵƵկ˶һ㶣ɫѿȻȥˣ
үܣĿЩȥӺ͹ŵʬ϶˶ȻȻƿ˵ĳӲˡ
ȥѰ
˿źܶൣǣһЩڣ֪ô鷳Ų뵽֣Ů֮ĸ飬˵ʵ̫İһӰζôԸҪ
ޱңʦǽŮɫġ
ʱ˵ڶկſڣѾͨ籨ˣҵʱӿǸ׼÷
㵽ʲôˣʲôĿģ
ɨǣеʧŨ
ûС
̾һһǰڶկڵһȻֹҵĲ
ûһ֮УսУҲżԼڵʵӦǲ࣬ǵҹҲݹһս
ɱ˺ܶˣ֮ǰɱˣӦɱһΣʵһǲԸɱ˵ģɱ¾˵һϲ顣
ȻûѡֻĿİ취ûʱǆ¡
Ѿ̤˵կߺӣǸϵ֮ǰӲҵ״ûֱͣӾ׷˹
үĵĹ۲£ƺȷʲôżϡ
կô׵ĹƣկӣѾеķһ֮⣬ĳϣʵ֮ǰկӣ˺ܴ

ⳤԶԶĿңѾ˳
УҲЩˣ֮ǰҹһսò˲Ŀ֮ⳤЩţȴں£ֽ̧еڻûôλų裬ڳ󷨣ҽ
ǣ
ܶ˻Ӧһĺӿ֮УХ֮ܿƮ
󷨣ˣΪҪҪѺܶʱ䡣
ãֻ󷨣ЩΪ󷨵һ֣ûرĵġ
ָһɭӡշɳ˹֮ɭӡѾˣµӡ£ɢŵĺڹ⣬ɭӡֵɲǣʱͲǱʲôһ㣬ĳɭӡķλӿһƵӿӡ֮УЩ꣬ҲǲܿƵıɭӡ
У
׾ٵĸʧȥϵܶĵӶѪͼٻȻȴ𲻵κεãԼָţ뺣һ㣬ûеõκλӦ
ɭӡתţеȫշҿǣ¶һĨôã
ҳһָɭӡֱӾȥ
Ȼͷ󣬵ȴǴɷһƵĺӿͷͷĸҥаޱȣЩҥˣȫ˴ͣȻɭӡֱ䣬յͬʱŻҲӶȥ
ûС
ұߡ
վڵկʱȴǷĴſţĳϣЩ԰׵Ŀңȭ˵Ҿõ鱨ɱˣҲǿǣƺҪѰˣǿţɷ񲻶ɸꣿ


260 
ԣǺܸʱңҲüͷ΢΢һ¶ŵɫĪòˣ
ҳŴ˵ɫֲαˣҲЩĿҡ
ҿ˲ٴ֮ǰկӹˣȻ˵飬Բկӵľ£˵ȴǺ¡
ȻжԲֻҪҵǳǣʱҲûҪ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ԡ
߷֮ɫվǱЭ̾һÿ˵·
ֱ߽˵կʵҪѰңԼҲҵĶ˵ûǰ
ǳʱģ˵һɫȹӵţ״̬ܲãĪǲ°ˣ
ⳤϿЦ˵ȻǣȻʲôˣҲĪ°˰οԷһߣⲢûκεļֵҸҴƱ˵ǵկˣǺկӣҲܵģϸ룬Ǿ°ˣҲôٶȰ
ԣҵĳ嶯˥ֳ࣬︡˼֮ɫ
ĳϺܱԭΪΪʲô޵ɱȴǵ֪࣬ȻΪһɵߣĺԩ֮֡
ʵڵկʱѾˣֻ治ԸϣǹִֺͲʹҼ侲һȷǳǱկ°ߵģʧҡҡͷŽ뿪ҪټˣΪֹɡ
Զ֮иʵϣƿ𣿡
һЦȻǣ˾ɱϵˣֻϾҪдҪǲ֦ܽұQɡ
ҳ֮ӭײˣҵɫҲ֪϶ûн
ʱѾ侲ˣԼ֮ǰЩָеЩΣ˵ԲǰҵĴ
ҡҡͷǳߵĻ棬ҵľһĳʹֵô㣬ԼҲԼ㲢δش𣬵ж˴𰸣ǾֵãȻȴ㣬νֵãȥҲ԰һЦ˵㣬ûҵȷǸ
ҵļΪĺֵܣ˵Ҳֻаοˣɣһõġ
ҵĿһ£ȭͷᶨ˵ҲҪˣֻҪ
ǳǷҪƸѩҶѩֻΣȴûİ
үҡͷ̾ˣڵֻǸͨŮӣôԶأ
ǰӿȻһ̣ȴɫһ䣬¶˼֮ɫԣܣǾ߲ôԶģųկ°ߵĿܣôֻʣһˣ
ҺȻԼһƣԼֱɵ͸Ȼû뵽ԼõһУ
ǳѹû뿪Ƭӣ϶ҸطȻô׷
ǰ񱼶ȥǻںޣҾȻû뵽ǳôңô϶Ҫ취ҵģֻϧԣҾȻû뵽һ磡
ҵޱȽȣҲ֪Լپ޴óзϣָ˼֡
Ϊ뵽һܣһ뿪֮ٴƶô죿
ǿǴˡ
ʲô
Щס
ϰɣ
ü˵ɶҲû͸ȥ
үߣͷ˿կ˵Сӳɳٶȣǳϰ
ڻصһǳ֣ȻòĻӦҧҧɴ̺ʽκν䣬ڣһƬˮ̶ͣ˽ŲΪʪУһǳǳĽӡ
˹ȥȶ£ϲеŮ˵Ľӡ
ƺϣ˳Žӡһ·ǰˮ̶һ߹ȥҿ֦ϹŵһɫĲմ͵Ĳ˲ϳǳȹϵģµǰߣǶʮľ룬ҾͿһ
ܴ󣬴Ǽ˺ϱô֣Ƥ֡
ˣֻ̫Ҵҡ
ţÿһ飬оԼǱһ⣬ˣ˵ô
γѣǰȥڣһߣҵѾʵǳ
һ̣ǧӿͷҵۿҲʪȥǳᣬǰҲǱģڣȴǱ֮ǰ֮һӣļһҲߣգ˿ȫ˹ȥ¾һѵϿһĺۼ
絶ʣĺ֣Һܵ£ΪϢں
⣬𣿡
ۣҡ
ȻǣôΣҾ
ŬڳЦϣԼӰ쵽
̧֣ճյҪңȻȴڰУԼɿݵƣжʱ¶һĨȻҪȻȴץס֣ݺݵҵϣļᶨЦˣȻЦݣôÿΪʲôңҶƯˡ
ҽ׽ס֣ڱϵʱΪûзң
һӿ飬ԵɲǣȴǶ˱˴˵ġ
𽥵Ļɢգͷվ޷һģǸϳ򡭡Ӧþɣס˵ĻⱲҪȢһŮˣôֻѩһ㡭
ҵ˫Ŀͨ죬ּʧȥĸоֱ񣺡㻹ǺҰɣҲҪˣֻҪ㣡
ǳԴ´˵ǸˣǸöãҾͲã˵ļǹңˣֻδҴҡ
䣬ϢȻ˥ȥҲ𽥱
ҵķ·ֹͣЩյļ䣬ͬˮһӿˣս֣ŭ𣺡ԲɱˣҪôҲҪ϶


261 İ취
үڸϵˣ⸱ģֹס˲
˶촽֪˵ʲô
߹ȥȴǱסˣҡҡͷ˵ڲҪȥ
˵ͷʾ֪үȴǰ˼ֵĳүתһ£ɵͽܣҵȻȥ˻ûоȰһϹż
ĻҵǱǿļ˵ܾȣ
ҵĽǶǳѾЩˣΪϢʼɢҲȫֹͣƾ˭˵ӦöǸˡ֮񲻷ſΪҲԸʵⲢҲ֪
ү˹Ҳȷ˵겻ɢǲ룬ٰضٻڣͿԱ⣬ѣҪ
Ҳү˵ѲѣΨһľݣұǳߣүӣӡԼ۾һĨнɫĹâǿۡ
۵үܹۿĶע⵽һ˵ã˸ողȻȹ̣δ뿪壬ֻʱԿƣҪӣĻǾҪɢȥˡ
ԣҶʱˣӦô죿
үͷ񣺡һʦҡ
ʦʦÿӶķ׭ÿ˵ݣʦãʵаħЩӡ£ÿһ֮ʦԼݣͨϰձʦ̵ĵˣҲǿʦ͵ǵ֤һԻ֮󣬾ЩԥֻǼĹ˾ƾջһŷ׭
ҸмĿ˻һۣ˵ʦʲôã
ү̾ʦûʲôõģҪ֪飬еģˣôϾҪˣ϶ҪģǿǣΥص飬ԣҪһİ취ʦǰ취֮һʦԹȫһĴЩеֻˣе˾ְԣʦΪ˸ʦҪģ˵һʱ䡣
ԭãʦ̵ͷסҵͷʾףȴʣôϲ°ٹ»ҰôܣҪꣿ
үһۣ˵ʲôһЩͨĹ»ҰǲԸͶ̥Լ㿪ȻǿԵģⲢͲùˣǵķ֮£
Щ˵ֻҪϲͿ𣿡
үһۣЦ˵ǱˣǵȻǿԵģֻҪ㿪ǰԸҲһֻ۱һֻۣﲻһǽԼԪȫȻ˾ɲκ£йؿѭģУΥ˾ĹأĿܲľˣɲһֻ۱һֻ۵飬ĻǣȻҪߵģ
֮ǰڱʱǼģԶֶİȭͷ˵ôҶߣ
ΣһҪסǳ
үʦǳϣ׭һʧڣ˵԰ҲҪʦӲвͨģϣԿʦ̵ϣ΢һʱ䣬ֻʱ䲻̫ãµʱ䣬ǲٰﻹôûа취ˡ
үڹؼʱ̣Ǻܿ׵ģȡһöҩ裬ȸǳι˽ȥү˵ҩ𵤣ѹ׵֮һҪҵģȴǳϡ
δһôмһˣұȭ˵ллү
ݶ飬ҼлᣬҶȻҪ
ϰԵ̧ܣʲô񵰻𵤣֮ǰզ˵ģ˵ֻܸЩ˿ΪԪľҪĺް취Ͷûɶãˣզ
ʦľãͽܲҪ»֣үק£˵㶮ƨ⻹Ȼ޷ȴΪסǣɢ͵ڱ˾Ŀԡ
⻰ʧʵôûа취ָ𣿡
үڵϣüͷҲҴڱϵȴ
û˵ǻ𵤵ȷãΪҸоǳѾкˣȻ˿˵˵ĻǱȽȹ̵ġ
үϣԼҲһ㣬ҲѹĹϵſڣֶû˵ҿҪˣ˵үϾ˵ʲôҾԲģ
Ե
үĴȣ̾ϢһֿЦһ˵
ҵµΣֻԼҲӣûá
һзӣﻹܵ࣬˵˵
үһɫ˵𵤣ֻʱȹĻǣҪѣһȻǱס壬ȴѾήˣȥḯõģʱǻڣҲûãҪ취ס壻ڶڱסǰ£ûϣϣһĻˣϵģﲻͬǷģҪϣôֻһ취
ʲô취
Һͬʱʵ
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տʼĪͷȴǷӦ˹ɫ˱䣺ǰ˵ĸòɽ󵤰ɣ
үȴǵͷ˵󵤣
ǰڳ衵Ҳɽ֪ɽרƵҩģǸɲͬߵⵤܶĵҩƽ޹ʵĸӹ󵤣ɽߣҲĳɾͣ
ȻˣֻҪȥ󵤾Ϳˡ
һС
Ȼүȴ˵


 


262 춯

ү˵־Ļҵע⣬˿ǣ˵ûģǰʢɽʢһͣ˲űҪ󵤣ȻûʲôˣѧԣԴϡȱһĽ𵤣ʮƳһ󵤣ҾûκϢ
Ҷʱͻˣô£Īû˿Ƴ˲ɣ
үӹ磬˵ɽڵʵ˵ӦҲвһظֻ֣ɸΪ֮û㹻Ĳϣʲôأ
ĥ˲ԾɽһЩϢӦ󵤵İɣ
һ仰ϣô£
үվӣ˵еģȴڰǰģɽһö󵤣Ϥı棬ΪҲ޷Ƴ˵ɽʥ˶󵤵ϣҪȥ󵤣ǷڶǰֻҪһЩۣôܵڣȴǲˣǾı벻κɣɽ󵤣
ҵüͷԭԭ򣬵ҲһֻҪȷ󵤻оͿˣʲôҾͲôˣүҸãΣʱɽһ֪νˣڻ˵
үƺ֪ôţһۣ˵ѣ֮ǰᵽ˾йأҪ֪Ǹ˲䣬ԼʧˣҲ˵Ǹˣҵ󵤣ֱ岻࣬ôҲ޷ֻһˣΪ֮䱾ûλˡ
ʲô˼
Щס
ү˸ı˵ϵ֣˾תĸй֮⣬ȥʧˣôֻдȥҲ˵ֻйɿڣΪд֣ǵõسϵȻĻվ޷ѵģ
ȻѾ㹻׼ŵ֮󣬻һɾ
й٣ǻǴ˵еˣϰչǧܹ꣬ĴΪдأ
ҿүǴżֿ֮⣬𣿡
үܿҵߣ̾Ϣ˵ǰѣҲбĶһ£ȴǷǳļѣйִʣЩеλ˲ǣʮǧ
ʵô˭Ǻеλأ
үָָָָԼʦүʦ̵Ŀɽ棬éɽé佣ˣֻЩʷйλˣܹйٽ̸ֻ֮еõسϵλˣſ˾йٽΪܹ齻ģֻ飬ʿΪôҲ࿴һۣΪǵõسϵˣܹκε˼ң
üֱʳһЩɵ⣺ϣڣ˵е칬ظ
үЦЦ칬ûеģظҲûô˾ҲֻһֶѣС˵˵統棬ҲҪʱ̱һ־ηҲļһ˾кܶࡣ
ҵ˵ͷЩѵĽʵ
ôѣôԽܣҶֻȥһ·֮ǰµĺԸҾԲǳôȥµظҲҪ˵˾ͿұҪ
үǳʩ˼Ϊӹ̻ǣү˵Ҫһڱףֻڱ棬ſΪ
ףկʱװѩıףǿ϶ʵģ˵֪бףҪصկſԵõⶫ
ҵ˼˵կǸǾͲҪȥկˣΪկѾկȫɱ˳׼Ҫͺկվսˣ
Ҿͺͳ뿪˼죬ôĪҪսˣЩ£ʱҴ֦һˣʵô£
Ҳ֪ʱ䷢ʲô¡
ԴҹϮկʧ֮󣬺կ˻ȥûκεĶЩĻҲȫֹͣˣկע⣬Ǳһֱڵկڣõ
ԭǺկ֪Ѿ˼̳׼Ĺ֮ǰկѾϢǾҪʼѪˣ
Ѿ׼ʮ˸
ôҲ벻ף˵ģѾҸˣֻʣʮѪ
˵ҵƷйϵ
˵ЩǣɶһǣϣǾͼ򵥲ˣΪԣǺ
ĹźӦڳ𣿡
һǾòΪֻʮźҲа취ֲɳô࣬ܲȱһ붼ֲɣ
үң˵ӦѾץסˣݹ˵¶Ѿ˵ˣϵĹźȻǱõ

衵Ĵⵣ
Ȼǳ֮Ա׷ݵ衴ɱݹˣҲ޳衣ΪԼɵģǸʲôħħ֣ͷǳ죬ҵӶˡ
ڴʱүĵ˾䣺ħ֪٣
㶣ʵش𣺡ͷһ˵оӦ߸ⶫܹԼѳȥݹ˾Ǹӣʮ̣ܴ֮ȴǻָʵ϶Ǻħйϵġ
ү˵ͷлһĨζĹâ˵կѾҪկˣҪ֣ʱˣֲס


263 ͯҥ
̳ڿѾʲôˣҺͳ衶ܹײ鵽ȳǣùկ
ϴӳֵڣûйȥ̫õʱ䣬ģȴ㹻Ķǡ
²˳٣ǵʱˣΪǳԭҪĽ置顣Ȼ˿ٷְټǹҵĶǳҲûʧȥǣػһ֪ģ置ǣһҪõСлˣҲܾôѩһԤУһԼ
һսˣЩ˷ܣҲЩѡ
˵ֻ᲻ôˣƺĵѯʡ
Ӧǲġԥ˵
Сôģݹ˿ɲʲôĽɫǸճСӣҹ׶༪ˣź˿ݹ˵˵ӦҲסˡүֵĿң֪ġ
ڿݹпܣݹ˲ɱΪҪĶյĳᵽʲôħʱ򣬿ݹ˾͸һһеȥ׷衣˵ǳҪԳ衵̣ǾԲģΪֻҪдڣǿݹ˲ҪˣȻǾԲɱ
ʲôĶأүҡ
ҡҡͷҲɻġ
СӣҶ߽ľȰһɣ֪֪治֪ģòҪôűˣΪŹ֣⣬ʵ㣬ҪСġү̾һĳ˵
һעġԣҲǶҡźͳʶڣһ·ȷǳ̫ɺϣүĸûдǣų衸ҵĸоȴȫûɣֻǸо
үҡҡͷҵķӦѾ˵һУֻҺΪ֮
ȫǰ·ϵʱǳ˽ȥغϳ˯ҵо̲סʹǳ˵ˣֻ̫ҴңǵҸʱ⣬ݵۡ
ԸүҲǸƣŵĻʼǵ⾭ʦ̵ķ׭û񻭷Ȼȥүڱϰǻʦ̵ķ׭ǿǱéɽЩаķ׭ˣ˵ģ;ٸͨӣʦһ׭ϴշԾųʣʮŮ˴˷׭òصʮһⶼûУķ׭ʵ֣ͻᱻЩۺĹ˺⣬һʲСĲƸ
ϧϵ˵ľֻʣԭˣɲǴɵģģҪ㻭ȥⷿ͵һЩܿ԰ɣ
ŵòȥæֵ˵ﻰΥµô
үҲģ˿ĭ˵񰡣ӱôⶼɶģʱ㲻ѽ
Ǹе㲻ͷˣһôַը£ҲģѲᾭȱµ¶ɣ
һɫ˵ƶ磬Ǯôܻȱأ
δ䣬洫ͯҥ
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һֹİ˶ǾĿ
е£˳棬·һկӣǿˣʱҾڴ˴ţɣһȺϷͯҥɫŹ֣˵ûɶϵ϶ͬͬˡ
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ȱ£̰ƣ͵߹ѸţκͯӹֻܿЦˡ
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үüͷΪͽܴԲ˵Ŀ϶ǳС֪ʲô
һͯҥֳˣźǵЦ
ͯӹ浹ùɵñӣϵȱ£Լͽܡ
뵽ѻȻյԼͷϣү޷Իһ˫𾪵۾ϴе˲Ǻ죬ŭһ˵ͣҪȥĸڹ˵ôǣ
˺ۣӳȥҾùŹ֣ûţҲȥֱӴסﺢӣ˭ǳͯҥġ
иСŮǱ裬ʵ𣿡
һ㶣Ȼͷǰô֪ҡ
СŮȴǺһ˵˸óԵģǳͯҥ˵һҪôǽģҪôϵҪôҪôһĴ磬˵ǣҴһ仰
үһۣʶַͨʽţֻ˭뵽ֶʦͽ˽أ
ү˵ҾϵҪʲô
СŮҡͷ˵ô֪Ǽ٣Ҫ顣
ҵе³˭ֿƲ׵ˣЦ˵ô鷨
СŮıϣںߵĲ֮۵С֣һǧǮ
ʲôûʲôƨ飬ŤھʹͰ͵Ŀңʼ촽£˵һǧ̫࣬ܲܰ˰١
СŮ֣һ˵ɹǸ˵ˣˣҪǮϸƤɱ۵ľ
ԣʱɫȺëӣû
ôۣҪϢСŮʵСãǾʲôɡ
СŮ˵ͷ˫ֲѧ˵ƣȻǽеҵ׸ǰҰٲҾҪ˰𣬽к񱨰

޺˵ȻСӣ
СŮ˵ǲҪҴ˵طֻ֣Ǹӣļ̳ںկУ


264 鱨
կУ
ԣǶЩã˵ĵ˵ǷţɲһС°
𵽵׿ɲţзȨˣʶô꣬ؼʱǼᶨվһߣկǻ㾡Ū˸ֵļ̳Ի󣬻ôŪƣˡ
һźկķֲĵĺկ֮⣬滹ʮĸկÿа˸կԽ棬կԽǿ֮ǰΪǵã룬ȴǳɵ㣬ɢڳʮĸկ缯гɰ˸կȭͷԶס˲
ǰֻûⷽȥ룬һˣҾͷ˸ɵ㣬ҽկʱ򣬸ոյĸկӣǾͷˣȻͱ˴֮ʵйϵǷǳΪӦô죬ųˣЩկĹŶֳӲôӦأǺҴ֣Ҫߣ֦˼
ҵһĨȻ֮ɫȻ˵ȥկҲȥֻ޽̳ôկӪҪȿְȫĶ࣡
үСŮѶϢ˳ʲôģСŮ£ͻ뿪һ࣬Ǹˡ
ǲصӦձɣСŮȴû˵ѵϢ˲𣿻˵Ϣģ֮ʱСŮ˵һ߽ǳ裬һ߻𡭡
ҺһۣǲˣֵԵˣǶ̲סҪοˣ֪ʲô⡣
˵ģ¿ˣկڿ֣կǱ߸ǰȥٵһ£ǱߵļɣټһݹˣҲ֪ﻹлʤϣ
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үҡҡͷҿЦ˵Ϊ˳㣬ѾկˣԭĸλԸңЩֳӲҲŵģ
æ˵֮飬֮һԵģ
үĳһۣ˵ҲǹŰʦ̲̳ܽһͨ׵Ķ϶вͨóԵ֤ݡ
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үƳǼۣĿȻҵͣ£СӣŲң
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ǰĻŶǵͷһʱȴԥҿ˿үǳڵģ¶һ˿ɬѡȥկǳиˣ
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үͷˣ¶һ˿᣺ȥɡ
ҺͷתߣҵԼһͷҲƲסԼǿҵθоһ˿ҵ࣬ǳҪҵʱȴѡ뿪
ԶȥıӰȻЩĽ˵Ҳȥ
үšĶǰȥȥͷ뽲ȥկȺ̽ɣǱֳȱ㷳̲סˡ
ϸԩ·ոտ֣۷˻
㿿֮ǰҴƵկʮĸկԵһ̶̵ʱ䣬ٴؽ˺ֱܶ࣬ﲻݣ֮ǰڣûжӰ죬ٽ˷һ㡣
ԲԶԶĹ۲£ĵӻǺկˣ϶û̫ıɫֻǾ裬Ӧǻһˣ֮ǰϢҪǿܶ࣬һ˿ļÿһȥˡ
һƣ·ߣ̫ˣЩկӵ˶ʶˡ
ע⵽կһȦǽϣźܶ໭ͷկĸҲд˾غѩܹвҵĻѾǰ棬ΪͷΣЩ
䱸̶ȸ֮ǰ֮ҵԽԽ鱨ˣҸǱȥʱ򣬾ԼҪڹؼʱ̴鱨
Һʼ·ΪկֲȽܼСʱ˹ȥ֮ǰǺɵĽկĻ棬ʱûҲûôǣԺ˼ɵĴկڣȴǲˣǲֵܱܳΣգֻ·ҲҺʮĸկռ󣬻ʱ䣬վǵ˺կߡ
ֻǸȴһǷֺկѾˣ
ĸţĹţǽ֮ϣ֮ϣվˣгȻǷŻ
Ȼй
Ѿ˵һУúõկôܻ׵ķأйʲôҲȫȷˡ
Ҫ취ȥ
촽ʱ˵Ҫ¼Ѿʼˣٵȥˣײȥ
У㿴ֻǵڲԱܽȥ
ָָǰߣżŴ򿪣ҲǴź۵ĺկ֮ͨȻկӣǻǸ籣һϵ
ȻʱȴתһʮƥһЩվһ˩ӣͬһɽǰ˸еǣʮƥ֮⣬һˣҲ˩ӣȺһӴļɽ
һߣ˫Ŀ֮ᣬÿһһ޿ĸо
ŴˣҵҲǱùŹȻ


265 
ע⵽ҵ¶֮ɫһҲе죬ĪǺʶ
ֻһΣңȴʶˣ֪һôϢǵˣ뵽һЩЦ飬Һܾöûб¶һ˿Ц⡣
Ҳа취ȥء
úܵùģԼⱲӾûôĵù
Сʼ˼ҵĺӣ֮Լ츳ƨ
ĿֱӾ̳ϵ競ʮΪӭʮеĽڲٺϣǱλ˸ۣԶҲ޷ԼһλóɹʱĻ棬ʮ߰Ƴһۣ˵ԺǸһˣ˭Һԣ˭Ǹҵԣ
ڵΪԼż򣬸ƨĻҪǮһ˹ȥ
ֻҪλӲ̫õĶ棬ԼͲûеλڱ˿ǲҪںĽֻԼõʲôʮΪ壬һ·ƨĵϣܰҲãǲĸǡ
ÿÿЦ춼ϲ£ˣֱǸеɷǡ
ܼ򵥵һ£Ŷȥ񣬾˵ѾһУȫǵεģȻȴû뵽ʱɱһѪɷǣɷǣɱͬţӣ˵û֪ʵʱɶʪˣֻǻǵûбֳѣһΪԼ϶ˡ
Ȼһξڰ·ϣ˰ˣˣӦúеλǿصɵûбõΣΪӣõ˸ĴУ置һεͷԼֻҪ˵ĶӣͿˣʦ飬ҲûɶѹǣͷҪʦźˣٱѻҲɶ£ʹÿƨֵı޿Ρ
ֻǣҲû뵽ԼƫԶ置ˣȻײǸɷǣ
һ֮ǰǿˣѹûκη˼ͷٴչֳԼòҪҫƨĵԼѹı£ҲһգɷǵĴõһ·ˣԼѹͲҪôǿԼֻҪƨ֮ϰȥΪŴξķ
ͼɵɷǣӣҲǸһһƨ֮£ɹȡΣ־һٸɵɷǡ
ɽʧ͸ûиɵɷǣòǹؼʱԼܵÿ죬Լ᲻Ҳһʬ嶼ҲصկţĶȥˣпǣ̫Σա
û뵽ǻǲŹկ֮УȻһˣɷǵѣҪúáչˡԼıʼˡ
һϣƫƫݵĳϣҪһͨĵӣʲôѵأЩ֮ǰĥĵǵͬǾãһˣȫһõ顣
޷ԼʱĻ棬ԶԶĿ𣬾ѾתԼΪֵƨ󷨣϶ѳ绨һЦ̡
ֱӹһּģȴƫƫһ˵ݼϣڼ˲䣬ҾѾĿĹâʱеΰӰ
ܵ⣬Լƨ󷨣оԵġ
ģ́ͷʱӭϵȴЦЦ񣺡ڳЦҵĸӰ
Լһͣ˵ӲңָΰǳľԣҿأľΣѾ߳˵ΰʲôĸ߶ȲܾһУǧǼǵõģǳ
û˵꣬ʹҵΰ󣬲Ҫ˵ÿ춼Լˣֻ֪˵Ƿΰ
е£ͷһط־籾ԼĲһʵǰ˭˵
һ˵ԼԼ˵ÿ糿ҶҪһԼΪʲôϻôΰôôǧŮˣҿԼ۾ǱΰҪĹâǺڶˣȵȣҲ֪˭ΰ֮Ļ̫ˡ
Լ˶ϣΪԷҲҪе޴룬ͷһ֪ô
Ц˵ԣ˵ôķϻǳЦҸӰǺǺǣȥһ飬첻ͱˣ
һ£
ⱴЦҪ˵ƺҵߣҪȵĸ󡣬ȥҵǸ󡣬ܣȥ

جΣʼˣȵĸ󡣬ɱҲҲ֪ôԴ죬Щϡ޹ֵֶΣֱƣڱΪϲһɽҪʮƥ⻹㣬˵Ҳ֮һ
͵֪ϣһַ֪ûֻ裬Ⱥһ𣬷Ѿżɽϣһֺ޲ײĳ嶯
ɷǣϣֱҵĿǣûǿǣɷǱȽϿɰɷǰ㡭
ţĿ࣬˭ܶ
Ȼڴ˿̣ȴǷ֣ǰˣվǰ£һˣһѽޱȵϤ
ֹһһٵɷǡ
ᣬʣ֣ԼȻһּ˵ĸо
俴һѾ׷ͻһ׼Ȼû뵽ǣڿ֮˦ϵȻûܣңð׳̵ĿֲٶȳҳȳʾʮڵϣȻӲⲢƽĵ·ϻһ׵ľ룬ȻһѱסҵĴȣʮӼ׵žѪʹ
ˣ磬׸磬ּˣ磬ҴߣһӶ뿪


266 ȥ
ڱס˲䣬һð˼Ƥָоһ磬кܶʺҵϣǵҸܵǹʱ򣬸Ҵһ㣬޲ýֱ˦ȥ
ȴĽұסǼͲᣬ޺˵磬һμ㣬⣬ұȣڱסһ̣ҵǰδеƽҲԸſֻסĴȣһֱĵϡ
ſҵƤ˼£˼ţǰŪʶ˼ü˵㾿ʲô
ǰһȻҲ㲻ҪǶݼһΣȴǴŵĶпϣίһ㣬ʵǲ⡣
Ҫٴ˹仰ʱȴһƨһ⣬һּԹң磬֮ǰ˵ʲôˣ
£ŷӦô
ֵʱӿŨ;ֱ֣Ӿ͵һּȺµ˵Ҫ˵֡
ŹֵĿ˿ңֿ˵𵽵׶ʲô
һΣգᾹ˳ˣֱǸء
˿ĭֻȴһ޲ߵĸоü˵֮ǰʱ򣬵ȷн㡭
δ䣬ǲţ¶˷ŭ񣺡ôԶ˲̵飿һĿǣԸҲٱ裬ձѡҪôߣҪôɱңһҪ뿪𣡡
ҴʹҴ˿̵ľҲͷԣһ޿Լ渵һʱҸ鲻Խĭ֮Ѿ֪ԼˣǸ⣬Ҳǣһʱʵ󲻵ΪײĻ𻨣ٿʱҵѾһ˿ˣͬʱЩ˷ܣԸƺǿԼõġ
һˣҲ˴㣬˵ûа취ǽկһΣҪȥ취ߡ
ԣ룬̶¶˿ϲ֮ɫУ°ϣֻҪܰŪߣʲôԴӦ
Ӧʵĵǿ죬Ǿòˣѯʣʲô취ǽȥ
ָʮƥŵļɽ˵ֻҪڼɽͿˡ
ҳ˳ɽ㹻ӴкܶܵĵطֻȻЩǣ̲飬Ȼزˡ
ҡҡͷ˵İɣǲҵģϰ۶ӣͷЩ˵ķӣѪʼĹͷ˭Ҳ֦һ쵰ǿǴ鷳ˡ
Ѫʼ
Ҹ˸⵹ǸõϢ
ԣ˼ɽ棬ͷ˿ٴҧҧԼϣȻŴſڶȥ
Сʱɣǵ˺կ棬ҵʶĽ䱸ע⵽֮һ˶Ʋͷ͵ûпˡ
ˣָָԼеǸʲôΪɶңⶼǵڼˣӾôûдڸ𣿡
иƤ鴤£˵ȥɣϵ¶ǿɲ͡
޺޵ĵһۣżɽ˽ȥҸĶţȫϢկǶˣЩ֮УǸоüǿϢ޵ڼɽһɨŻɢ
ǽկˣҷĺΪΪṩ˺ܴıӴļɽǷǳɵģţȴ˶ͻˣѹ̲飬Ǿͽĵ
ûиоկһɵѪζ
˵üͷţСĵĿߡ
ûǻҪˡҲڸղŲѪζܹŹֺ֣ȻţѪˮկˢһƵãʱڻǻζ
̳ѰҺկеļ̳˵ӦǺΰģһȥȴûзκζߡ
ҵ֪ࡣһһǿҵĲУ֣Լһ߽޵͡
ɽأкϣ˹֣ԱעӵʮæĶ㿪ܻ˼䣬űýС˵λ磬Գˡ
ҺǣȥҴܣ˵ģĴǲּ˵ҲǷǳҪġ
ǾߡԵú˷ܣҲ֪˷ܴģ˸һ㣬ֱӾ˽ȥȻûã˳û˰
һҲ˽ȥϻʳˮûӦǲ뿪á
ʵһ㶼ȥģ
̯̯˵һĶȥȻ˸ϵ֣ʵϺܣġ
ѯʵңҵ˵ͷ⵹ģϴҺͳ衹Ҳ
һƽʱﶼ߶ͻȻʧֻ˵Ǳˣôʲôᱻأ
Ұã˵òҪʼ˰ɣ
ҲȻһ˵Ǹô죿
Թɫһ󣬺Ȼ˵ҪɣλţȥǴ̽̽
Ŀǰƺֻһ취ˣǵ鱨̫٣ֲ߶˵ȥء
תˣȴıӰЩСӣ᲻ǣ
죺ɣеôУжϣΪɶǣ
Уϣ
һȷ֮ȴǾ˵뿪
Ҳûʱֱͣӳ˷ţԺǽ˳ȥͷϣ֦ҶïĴڱΣ̶̵ӣǾҵĽŲǰ·żʮˡ
ɫʱѿ˼㣬̾һȻϣһǿסİ𣬵ȥˣ


267 ̳
뵽ģȻҲܹ뵽𱻽ߣ˵ҪʼˣôҲˡ
£ѡٺˣ޳ܵļһÿһζˢҶ˸ߵ⣬˴ΣȴȻЩ
أ
и۳Ͽſյӣ˵
ڸղţ
Ҳе£ԼѾٶȥ֪ͨϹˣΪʲôһ
˶ȥѲ飬ǹؼʱ̣һҪҳ
ӦɢߣʱдᣬկΧչѲ顣
ҺϣΣյĵطȫȻƤӵ£˭Ҳ뵽ǾͶھǲʮ׵ĵطһֱ˼СʱʱǲŴ
Ҫô죿
ݵӪǵĴΣգЩò⡣
ҲãǵעߣӦ벻ǻ취̽ϢɣŪ
ĥѡ񣬸󣬷Ѿˣƴһѡ
Ҹǽǣ·˺󣬻˺ۣŸǰ
Ϊʶ·ߵĺֲұֳֻ׼һӲͷƤߡ
·Ҳ˼ˣǶǰ㿪Զųǰߡ
Ȼûйã鷳ֻСֵģͻȻǱ߳һȺ˵Ҳмʮˣʶ㣬ѾˣǱ֣ܣڲУֻǿ˹ȥ
ڸʲô
ͷǸϣЩľګ
֮ǰǸʦźϵģϱˣѰ
Ӻܴ󣬲˻ԣͼ̽Ϣ
Ƴһۣޱ˵ǸСʲôϣԺǹҲˣȻûǸɣȱ֡
ĪģǾͱ˶֮Уע⵽ÿ˶ɭɭģǳӵеʣξҲѧ˿̿תʹԼҲЩŴչȥ˵ʦ֣֪Ҫȥô
Ҵһӣ޾ɵ˵˭֪һֱǿʿ϶ôֵģȴͻȻðټҪȥ£Ҳȥ𡣡
ҵʵһϢҲû𣿡
ԥ£˵ҹǸѪйϵûзĹŶʧ𣿹ƶȥ˼̳ϰɡ
Ҳѿ̳ģòײŶסֳ嶯ʱ˵ұͣŶǰߣ·ԽԽխǵһ֣ϰŪ£ص׾ͷ춯¶һĽݣֱͨ¡

ϻͷ˿˫Ŀǰߡ
Ǵ񣬸ߣһȥᵽһɴ̱ǵζ
ζ̲סס˱ӣȻȴϰΪһ㣬˵Թء
ҵ˵ͷȷӣݱĻҪʮӲŵףȥ֮󣬷ˣ¶Żѣտĵصյķǳǿ˺ܶߣŮĿĵƮţˣҲֻǲһ£ȴûκεķӦ
ߣһΣΧţһ·ȥ˵Ҳа׵ĳȣ棬кܶڵˣҴſһۣЩ˵ķοԿǶկˣǲկԱѺɡ
Ҳ֪˶ãƤû̧һ̧ÿһ˶ܾĥǷϵڵϡ
ЦЩʶʱļһǴ׸³Ҳǻá
Ҹ˵ǰЩ˶ôЦǴ䵽ֵزǲ֪ܻ
ֵĳһۣ˵Щ˶ҪɱѪģô»ڣ
Ȼһȴǲɫ˵ҵǲ̫ǰźϣоϣҲûʱȥܱ£żЩţȴϸ
ȻһЦ˵ԭˡ
һĻֱĿģˣҲǧˣȻȫҪɱѪܵһĻʵԽܣҿȽϵ̬ȣȻƽʱֵĺп룬լʺĵ䷶һʲô嶯顣
ãסˣֻ࣬һΣĶˡ
ʮӣڵĿĵأӳһΡļ̳̳ڿȫ֮ͬǰһΰߴȻڵһȴǿ׳ۣԲΣм̫ͼģİۣڼ̳ıԵкػЩ˶ǺկĹţ֮ǰӪأԭȫǼ
ļ̳֮
һĻǵĺկȻļ̳޽˵صףÿǸǲ뵽ġ
ø첲ң˳߿ȥǰһȺĳϣӵһɫ˹ȥָָ㣬ƺڼƻʲôɫѿˣǿѰҵ
һȦԲãɫû޳֪֪ʲôǱŵˣҺȥϣҲ֪ⲻʵ
Ͽ˵ǹһЩ򵥵Ĺ֮ǰ޽̳˺ܶĻͣڶҪȥֱͲ㣬Ǳ˺կɳȥѲ˾͸ˣЩֲã̳λòԱ¶ֻǣÿ˶Ͱ
ԭ
ﴫԹԣֻǱԹȴҴ˵ĹػǺϸġ
Ͱܴ󣬲ʮǱͰʼˣûþ۵ùǺһ߱һϲȴԽԽߵͰ˵˵˻ô


268 ը
ı飬Ҿ֪ĥʲôǿͰҵܾЩֲУĺ֣ͷþòɢȴ˵Ϊʲô
Σ
ҪֱӵȼͣͰȻȼ㹻ƴկȻӣ֪կ仯ʱ򣬾ͻˡ
֮ǰǵĿһҵ̳֮ڶֳ󶯾կĿǰѾ֪˼̳ڣ֮˵һôֻʣֳ󶯾Ҫˡ
ӦǺмʳɹֻܾòԾһƺĹɺˡ
ԥ˵ԼĵǣԼĲӺζˣӦһз̫ɺϣʧǲѽկ̽ٵǼ飬ּ̳Ͱ˳ļֱš
ôˣᣬǺʱ
òƽ˵ȴǿԸоĵļУ˵صô˵ȴűɱԸ񣬶ȻҪŤתľġ
̾һֻǽԼĵ׵ĲѹȥҲ̫˰ɡ
ȻҪôȻҪȫͶ룬ҿһ۴˵صͰȻѾ٣ҪЧӦûǲЩԻҪȴ
Ͼһ񣬴ǰͰҲ֪ǲҵĴܸо۾ʱʱҺɨҿȥʱȴѾŲߡ
ұװ˻͵Ͱӣ͵͵ĿķһȺΧţϵĳ֮ŨˣҲеƮȻÿε뿴ĵطʱܻ˵ǰ档
ҵĻٴμһ㡣
ֶ;ʵܹ㷺ںܶཨʱҲǻҪõģֺ̳ͻʲôϵأ
߹ʱ򣬿ᣬ̳ϲûǹԵζע⵽һϸڣ̳ı߽ǣƺЩֲڣҲ˵Ĳãֻϸϲ£еǸϹĶ
ջĿ⣬ٶȻص˵棬Ͱѻĵطڽϱߣһٶ׵ľ룬ȽƫƧΧҲûʲộͰӣԹص˵Īı˿Ƿǳùġ
Զˡ
һ˵һʼڣͳĬԣî˾Ҫ¡
ұȰһǿ飬ȴ֪¶˵ʲôҲûġ
ǾͶְɡ
ҵ˵ͷ˵
Ҹ˶ĺ棬ͰûʲôԼп˱ֵĶȽɢ
ǵ˰˱Ѫùˡ
֮ǰҴڨһƵĽͰ£Ĩ˰Ѻת뿪
һˣߺҺĥĥķͰٸͰҵͷƤҲЩ飬ƫԶ置ڳ֮УڻôĻͣǴɵģ϶ҪȥȲ衣
ͣǹŴĽзʵʯ͵ԭͣĵطô࣬ҷǳľȣ置ǳʯ͵ĵطȻǳڻģֱҸϽסˣ
Щ׵ĳңôˣ
εҡҡͷǱɣô͵ȼȻǻᱬըģĲ˵ʮ׷ΧھһڣǱҪ롭
Ȼô
ҵ˵ͷָһͰΪȷܵ·ߣһһߣӷȥȻ֪ͨΧĻҲֻǿˡ
ǴͰţһһߺˣһֱʮ׵ķΧ֮⣬ǲŶͰӺȡ
ŲԶѻͰЩţΪҲȷ׻
ȵȣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ҷ˺ֵǴӰͰ;õӵʱ䣬ʱڣȻҲû˳ˣЩͰӣ͸忪Сһ㣬ΧޱȿտֻҺˡ
Ծ
еĲȫӿ˹˲ȷµĲף̫ɺˣ̫˳ˣ˵Ӧġ
Ǳı飬ֻΪԼ뻹ڣôˣӦ׼ǰҲȴǾãӦǶԽҪκͲ
УҪ֣ͣȻ벻ôʲôΪʵ̫ˣô۸ôĻͣΪըˣô޴飿Ҿס֡
ȻȴѾˣǰߣЩŵ촽˵Լһ£Գ˽֮⣬˷ܣνڵһɨǽƬ֮УȼȻ˳;Ĺ켣ǻһӶϣҿѾˣֻε̾û·˵ɣ
Ҳһ㣬ȼ˻ͣڻ߼Ͱײʱͬʱܣзϣ֮ͬһ㣬ʮ룬ǳ˰֮⣬ҲڴʱͰըеľͰѳƬ޴ıըſ񱩵ˣͬˮһ㳯ɢһĢƣҲǹŨŨĺ
ʮ׷ΧڵһУôǱ۶ϣڵϵʱѾ˽ڡ
µĻͷ˿˵˸ԹԣʲôҪֲ
ȻվвģֻͼȻ֮߶ѣʱ̾һ㣬Ȼ㹻ľη
Һһ·񱼣˳֮ǰ滮·ߣںկУΧҪܶ࣬Ʈһ㱡ûκγӣ
ǵô
ͻȻ֮䣬бһˣһۣɳƵ˵


269 ɵ
վڲԶƮɢһⱡںϣŤ˻һ㣬һּΣյĸо
ȻɳƣȴȻôһ˿Ϥҵüͷ΢΢𣬿󣬹Ȼ߰˸ˣͬźۣЩֺͨӲͬźɫһȦÿ˵
Ѿǽˣ˵˻ҾΣգЩ˳ֵɲǣȴһɼΣյĸоϮͷǱյĶ߶ˡ
ֻ󣬻ҲȰĳˣźۣͷ޷ģ
ĽˣһжǱˣҿŴˣʵ˭
Цһ˵ƶ˰ɣһ˵С
ü̤ǰһ˵װŪϲͷ¶β𣿵˭̧ĹͷȻ֪
ʲôʲôʱֵ˵ˣ
ЦһͻȻһ˦䣬ɳʮ룬㶾¹ĵĹâ˿־ǣڷɵһʱ򣬾ȻǷ˹Х֮Х֮Ӥޣк˸ССӤͷ­ֻ֣ԹĿ
뾹ȻǹƶĽϣ֪õֵǰ佣ʣһסЩ룬û뵽ǣЩǿҾǱĺ̧סҵĺ󱳣ſֹס
ʵˣҲǻ֮ˣܹͻƵ֣һֶֻǻѾ̳ϵְλˡ
㾿˭
¶֮ɫȻûи̫вУ֮ˣҺķ
ҪҾ͸㿴ֻ㣬׼
һЦȻ̧ͷ֮У͵Ĺâⲻܷ˲뵽Թ
ֻԹŻ׼
ҵŲϣ˲䣬ҵɫ䣬и¶ɫΪģʵǹڳ
ϣ쳣鲼Ű̺ۣ̺۲ûн裬ͨףһ㣬˺۹𣬳ޱȣ˿־ǣЩ˺۽ӵķ϶Ƕѻźɫŧżмѣŧˮ֮ú׵İ̺ޡ
Һʱʶ˳֮ˣеһʱ両ֳɫãע⵽ҵ֮ɫ仯ͳĿøŻ˫Ŀ֮мҪʶȻʶˣҺңȴ˭֪ˣҹҹҪ𣬵ҵĳȴѾʶˣԣĿԡ
˵Цţм
ҵĳˣҵͫ΢΢ܹ֮Ϊҵĳ˵ˣʵǱȽٵģмӰҵﻮɫ΢䣬뵽һˣŵ˵㣬

ɫҲǱˣֶ˵İ֮ǰڰٹĹйһνӴկʱҲ飬ǣѾô
ͷ˿¹΢΢⣬ǿţޱȵķθЦţվϳˣǲǻҪлأ
һΪ˵ͻȻ֣ҵ˼ŵʱ׹䵽˾綾֮أʮľ棬ôŵģҽЩѹͷޱ˵ûۣˡ
ЦᶼҪˣûкιϵǾ綾֮أһͶ壬֮Ѿˣǹӱ֧ԶѾˣҵģˣҲ㶼ţʵûдҵģֻڻУڲ֣ζҪɱ㸴֮ѡ˾ҡȻҾˣڣִİһ񣬾Ҫ
ҿȺˣֱڣǻϢģۿƾŸ֪ҿܻΪһʯͷû뵽ղСɫȴվҵǰҪֻϧҲǵˣܹҾٴνնɱ
ҵУȻǿţ˵һƨ©ٳʲôУܹԵһ綾˵ĲֻӦûٲ˺կĲɡ
¶֮ɫƺ˵⣬˵Щ͵ɣ
䣬̤ǰһϳֳѪ֮ɫЩİ̺ۼҪγɻſڷХХӴԹƽضЩͷİҲͬʱ̧ͷ¶ɺ۾ҲĿ԰ף촽ȴʺ죬ӦͬʱХХһγ˵ԹֱӰΧ
飬ʦа
ָһĨɫĹâעȫͬʱۣĿʵһ͸Ϳһ˦ϰŷ׭ͬʱɳЩ׭ڿеʱ򣬾Ϳʼڣһ̣Ȼ˿ǻγһȫµķ׭׭޴һ֮ߣԿа֣éɽʦ֮ӳֵķ׭
ָһ׭ͬһ㵲ǰӿ׭赲Ƕת䣬Լסݸһ˲˽˼ŷ׭ǰ̤ŲԪܵ㹻֮ʱҳŽ⻮һĻȣеһ
׼ȷе˰࣬ȴûκãһЦȡ


270 ϱ
֪Ϊʲôóʱҵüͷһ£ͺҪɺܴвһ㡣
ȻڵʵȽǿȴδжһۣ¶ȷ֮ɫĪĸ

üͷ΢壬֣ͦģ
ȴǾЩ죬˵û뵽㻹ϳéɽţӣЩ͵ġ
⻰ڳˣɫúѿ˵ǸȻǹˣɱİʵ

֣һˣǰڿʱļҳᵽ
⻹ǵ۷֮ʱãǸʱսңռԹصʬ壬ķƣʹʬøӼͣʬʬֶǲһģƳʬ壬ûκιԣȻֻʬѣȴ辶ˣǵǿǰŪ꣬ʱо񶾵ķһǹһǸ
˼壬˵ĻǣҲǿ˻õģͬʱʹãһСľҪ˸ĴۣǵʱĶֺܶ࣬רߣ꣬û꣬˵Ļǣ
ν꣬ǻ˵ĻǱǿйߣȻƺõʬ֮УͻγɣûʹвŸ񶾵ķսֲǣͬķʽ飬ʱаŵĶһ֣нĿֻţֻаҲ޷ֲֿĴڣԴ֮£ﰵĿʼڶ̶̵ļʱ䣬˥һֱڣſʼ
û뵽νİȻֶ񶾵ĶȻڼؼգ޷ȥɥĲʲôĳ̶ȣڿһӣȻͬԼƳͲǻˣǱȽʬҪĴڣԼ꣬Ϊ˻ȡĽ𣿡
ЦǷ񣺡һʱ̣ʲôҪǿԴӦģɱ㣬˵ǳΪΣңˣߣкܴ𣡡

Ҳ˼İѾʼˣɺң׳ʮҵԴ˹һӽҪնϣȴ⸿Ҫͺܶ࣬佣Ȼ޷նϣʮͬʱ裬ӦЩƣڱ߶׭ǰȻһ̳ҪȥȻȴǲмһЦ׳Լĸ
ܲ˳ŵѶһĽףڱס˲䣬ͽ˴͵״̬һȥ֪ĻѾȶˣÿ죬Ҳǽ˹˲Ͱסˣۿɼģ̱ĻǣЩãȻ¶Σ⸿ţҪ£ȥ
ͫһ
ĻǱߣôͺѻˣϴһԪ佣УеķĽҲĸһն䣬ǼڱնϣĻǻعڣһĵԴϣ¶֮ɫ̵ģ˵
ԸҪĵǷŵķֻϢܹǾ
Ųé֮ٶʩչεϢԱһθǿ
ŷ֣ԭʱȻôĿ̿࣬ٽһֻҵ棬һ󲽵ͬʱЩĽ
˴θéɽǰӦøߣҲ֪Ƕ֮ǰģճֵʱ򣬾û¶˿Ź֮ɫЩ˵û뵽ȻҸȼٶȳа֮ϷҪе
⻰ĿǼǰȻǼһǻҼǰ
ʵȴҲ˵ͷǳı̬Զֻ˵ֵʱ磬˵ˣΪ磬ȲΣҲǿ࣬Щϡ
ҵǵƳһۣҲǲ˲¸֮΢ʵ佣Щ
δ͸ǵ壬ֻǽȴЩ⣬Щһ˿ڳֵɲǣ䶯ŻָҽĶսȷǷǳĥԵģȻ֮䣬ɻľļǰͼҵϣҶǵʱȴǺˣһȭҵϡ
ȭǺأֻƺһѣȭͷ֮Уȴһ֮ӿҵڣҵɫ䣺Ǿ綾
Ц㽲ˣǰ
կѾϵһˣĽ֮£ֲָܹĶҲˣȷǰ˼㣬ž綾ǣԳΪߵجΣãǶôļ֣
Լǰٶֵģأ
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ȻȴһȻŲܼթ֪ҲôöԸģ԰ķϣһĹâֱļϣʹ֮µˣé֮ȻǱһǿдϣ
Լ˿ڣüͷһţΪ˿δѪǷڣӿһɹճĺڽڽӵĺܿ죬ž綾Ҫϯȫ
һ
ȻһЦû뵽Ҳ˶¶֮ɫɷ򵱶ϣǾ𳤽Լֱն£
һϱۣڵϣ˺󣬲԰׳һЦ
ҵ۾Ѫ졣


271 һ

˫ĿѪ죬ŭȼգϵı۰֮ʱǧѵҵࡣ
һֿǰһҿھ˵û£
һʹڵϵֱۣѾʴ˸ɾɺɫŧˮ֮Уҵȭͷס˵֪ΪʲôаˣϵĶѷɫϹƣկΪֺҲǸ˲СĴۡ
ҰĲĺկȻȺŵ飬û뵽ġ
һ⣬˵ǰԭˣܹ࿴Ƿǳѣկ֮ǰĺЩò˼ڣȴĹһ𣬾İ˱Ӱĺֵܡ
կɵļ룬ҲǸоѹ£˫ȻǾһȶǺկòùΪͿµҵǿҵĺ⣬ֻʮҲͰˣһôկجΣ
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Ͳˣû˫֣ɱҲ˵һʹӲˣֻ˵֮ʱһֻȴ΢΢ҲһĨȻ
һҪǿܹĽ֣֮ǰͳ衲ԸΪʤ֮ģûֱۣʵֹ»ֱ˵㵱ʮ֮һҵķţҪ˫ʩչġ
֣Ҫվڣҵб鲼֮ɫ˿ݹ֮⣬ҶĳѾ˼ޣ佣֮в֪ʱѾҹԪ˿̽ڵԪʼɢһ֣ѾȫˣĹâ˲Įʮ
˵֮ǰǷŭĻɽô˿̾Ƕıȵı֮£صĵĲпᣬὣаǰһӽն䣬𹴻Ҷ佣ڿֲԪȫɫĽâһΣȫˡ
ҵĵڶ˸壬ȻĿǰѾȫںˣȴǺͱҲͬһаڵҵĴԪҲɢȥҪݣһа֮ˣ·񣬻ڵħͷ١
ҲаţҸаţΪɱﵵĶأȫûã˶ͼҵĻǣȻֻЦһקס˸ɺĳֻһĨ죬ҽһ屻ŵߣҵɱ⣺Ͳɱ㣡
һţӱ͸Ȼȴ죬ҵһЦ㵱Ȼɱң
ҵɫָһĨȡаֱӳŰȥ׭𲻵ãоʹȻͷð̣ҽмҲ㹻׺ݣһѾץҵĺ˳ƺˣóԼĽ벽һնұۣĲҽ֮УƵһСȣֱӰŵڵϣеŨ㻹
ͷУһԴ˳һߵ˼ʮ֮⣬ͷʮףɫĽҺӶϿڴȻⰵźȻأ׵ûϢ
ɱһˣ̣ȴǺãĶ֣ʵ̫ɱˣҸûʱɱˣӶסעɱ֮ʶһʼˣȻȴǲŹˣ⽣ɱȥ˿ʮЩɱˣҲסҡ
Ȼʲôƨͳ죬Ҿ㣡
ȻҲֻʶηѣڵҲǽˣҵʵй˽ģѹе⣬Цһ˵ΪԼԶ𣿡
ǰһҺĹһϳ˵ķ֮ʱкɫ˺ѷֱⱡĵƬںδƾŸоý赲ɰ֮˼ٱǸһ㳯Ҿײ˹ֻסڵľ˳ѨӿһǳǾȻ൱֣˭û뵽ģ
Ȼӣ˶ԷеĲ죬ѡ˸ɵľٶȺȥɱǸţӵʿڵʲô
γѣ׷ȥϱ۵ӦǳѣҴų֣޳ܣ
ֻܳˣ¶ϲ֮ɫûײҵļҼһʹĶͷȴǿסϣӽסЩ
ߣ뿪
ȥΪҵߣȻֳ˺ܴĶҲȷկ϶ᵽǸʱ䣬˭Ҳ˵׼Ҫã̫Σˡ
ûж˵ʲôһ֪ҵƢҲ֪õѡ񣬲ɱģ¶ŨŨȻ֮ɫһۣû˵ǹɬ֮⣬ȴ˭ܿó
Ϊҵľǣȴһƿñ治ףʵĸ߰ܹܣ
Ҳ֪ȰʱҺĸܣΪҲҪôǿҪôܣֻֽһսˣźկȥӵľͷǺկΰĳǽУΪչҲ֪˶ٵڵľԴԴϵ֧ҡ
ڳǽԵɱ˼ͼ·ĺկ֮ˣӹսǴקһҽ˩ϣһ˿ڳǽ棬Ƿľ£ǼİһҪȥȻȴһץסҵ֣㲻ߣ
ҿһ׷ҡҡͷ߲ˡ
ǿԷ뿪Ϊ޹ؽҪҲȥôٵĶȻ׷ɱ
Ҳ˼еŨأļץסȭͷ˵һˣֵܡ
΢΢һ̶Ҳ¶Ц⣺һˣֵܣ
һţֱӾȥʧҹɫȻ֪ڶϱˣһǾã򵥣һа취ߡ
һˣֵܣôǿʼֵܡ
ҧҧתӣ۶ͨˣΪ׺˻𣬳ҵĶĤȴ˷¶һ˿̵Ц⣺ڿأ


272 л꣡
ܾûǿҵѪˣ¶ֻǸӣҵǶݵɢҿЩʹŹƳ棬һɱˣֻͬݽһ㡣
ƳĶ˵ûκãҪĵģֻǹƳ汾ԼЩ˵սѣȻǶ˵ȴǺܱ΢ûзϡ
ϱ֮𣬾ȴջصϢɣ磬
촽һ̤ǰ佣ĻȣɫĽⱬȺбһѪ
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ָһɭӡնȽЩɣȻֲԹɭӡпӿµӡɢīɫĹâǻ۳ħͷħͷֵɲǣȻһƬˣȻǵĻֱɭӡɣħͷǵõ˹һ㣬˷ܵĺţкâ˸ǰһ·ײȥ;вٹƳ棬һ𣬵Ҳ뺷㣬Ա¶һͷӭȥ
ħͷƸߴʵʣͨĹƳκΣżӵļֻϹƣҲΪڷɢ𲻵̫ãħͷѹҿһֵ󣬾Ƴ֮ҲлƮɢȻСȷʵʵĻǣɭӡһɡ
СҲ⡭ǰյңȻûɱģ˿ѾҹЩկ֮˵ʲô壿ͬ׵ţһ㣬Ҿһֽ¾ɾɾɭӡаͷ
˸һѪȴûһѪմȾҵϣҾͬͥɢһ㣬¾Щˡ
ȻڴʱŰϵڴɱңлһĨ֣Ǳɱ̫ˣƻ˼ƻʱһҪﵽҵͷϣӧ˵һܽԲκεĲأ
Ѿжƿ·Ҳһޣǲͬɫ󣬷ߵĹ֣ͬһޣ˵һһģ
һޣһӰӰͨīӰӣΨֻƵ۾˸ź⣬ٶȼ֮죬Թȴǲǿ֪ΪΣӰֵɲǣһľĸо
һָӰӭ˹ȥħͷ֣˻źХϣȻӰȴЦһڵ沿¶֮ɫһ̧ǰǳһ쫷磬쫷һ㣬ħͷײȥ
ڶħͷʶΣգкâһǶ˵ŵһħͷײȥͬʱȴںϵһγ˸Ӹߴħͷħͷһĳʱ쫷ĳΪ֮һ𽥵ֹͣת
Цһпðˡ
ɱҶȴǶ˱ɱ֮ġ
ֱʹħͷȥɭӡԴԴϵ˷ܵĴţȻԹ֮ԣȴ˿ѷɫԹһӽնɱˣǶ˺󣬲׿ҡ
⵹Ϊṩ˱ȫĵͶ뵽ս֮УÿϵĹЦ⣬ͷһȴǷǺӰȻˣŷħͷǱʩչ˶ɵԭء
ħͷƣҪȥȻڿҪȥʱľĸоٶȽ٣ҵƤ˵ô£
ĵĸоǲƭ˵ģһԤУħͷȥôҶȻḶĴۣԾƾӰһʱǿнֹħͷ¶֮ɫ嶼ͣӰȴȻһЦҧħͷĺ̶İɭӡڹ˸ӿƵ䣬ħͷҲǻһʧ
ҽסɭӡüͷţźӰʵ⵽ʲô
ЦߵİҲˣһȺ˾ı仯Ÿ첲Цͣң۶ǵ⣺Ҹ˵㸴ģ裬ҵĹһ㣬Ҹȡƣƣ˭ɱƫƫɱãԣ
˭ɱҲɱʲôƨ
֮ɫ佣ٶ˸⣬ҪӰն䣬ȻڿҪ佣˲䣬ľĸоٶȳˣ˼ҴҧԣɽԽǿָоԽǿңǱܵĿ־УڿֲﶼẦһ㣬еĲ֮ɫŨΪʲô飿
ңȴٶˣָоʵ̫ǿңֻȻսΪʱı²ϲ£ܵһ㷴ɣؿڷƵʱӰٶȳ֣Ĵĺܽ¶̵ЦһȭͷҵؿڣҵɶͬʱһѪȴӿŵɫأٶһѪ¸繷ĺӰɫ仯Ϊǰδеķŭ⣬ȻҵĻǣ
ȾԤе置ҵǣû뵽֮һȻϣ
֮ǰԣ˵Сһˣʱֻ˵һ֣ȻһغˣҲ֪˭ڣȴɣֲҪСԭҵһǰ
ҸֲǣǾȻƳ˹裬ԣӦƺõĸԼûֱµģⶨȻǿݹ˵Ľˣʱޱȵȷһ㡣
ҵɫǳѿӦԣڲ֮ˣڣܹ֣Լ
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ޱȣźӰԴİһˡ
ҿЩԾԾҪˣٿһӿĳ֣׵Ĵҵļƻֻʣһ·ˣǾӣҸĵطú˼½ôȻȴկɱ
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Ұ޵ֹƵĶں
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273 
կܿտҹû˼ңΪõڻѡһң˽ȥ
ҶΧǽ棬ٺ£Ϣѹ۾ŰϢԶȥ˿
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˼һ£˸˼ңٴνȥ̽θ֮ǰһ˵ͬҲйƳϢ
ҵסˣ˵ƣʵկҲһٲˣֻЩ츳ŮӣпܳΪˣѲǰկﶼ츳ŮˣҪ֪һ츳ƵĶŮӣ֮ǰڳǽɱˣҲǲӣȻûôöԸ
Ҳа̽Сʱ֮һصǻ˼棬ˣկﻹǣҼһȫˡ
˵ҸоĹƳϢʮ΢ԶʵʵڵĹƳ档
ȫˣȴǿţϢ΢ָоͺͨһѧУ棬ֻһСܿϱԺУһѧУȴȫܿϱԺУһ˸о˼顣
˼ǣѧУ˻ȫֻǸոܿϱƣһܿصĶûУֱǹ졣
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׼ջʱǸ˵ɨһۣʱ̲סŴ͡
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ͷĪδ֪Ҳ¶ǿƽǸСкϿȥȻֻСкͬҲйƳϢ
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Ҳľ棬ʱǶԷѾߵҸǰ˿ǰСкһɫЩͣҲܻǸȶҿʵʲôˣ
˵꣬һش𣬾ͺȻݺݵĿ˼ƺЩʡ
˼䣬ԷȻɫЩ䱸ȴҲûʲôҵĻֻǵ˵ͷҸǽȥ
¥ǸЩӣִˮҺȣ顣ֻɫǺĮȻɫһ˿ЦݶûУ֮ǰҽӴկ֮˽Ȼͬ
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Ȼ֪ôƵģ˵֮ˣйƳʾԱͨҪãһҲòΪʲô嶼ô
ˣկǲҲȫˣ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҿͨͨĺկһֻޣվھ޵ĺ
ųԷʱ˼һ£˵̫죬ͳ衴һʱ˽֦һ뿪ΪãԺʱҲ١
ˣұǣҲû˿ֻһĮȻĵͷ
¥կһȦȷ£ûկƺм
ȷ֮ұկӿȥˣߵկڵʱҺȻһתͷһԶһսǴһŻµ٪˹ǣż
ұ㿴棬ǣһŮӡ
ڿŮӵ˲䣬ҵͷ𣺡Ȼ


274 
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ҶغãվǽȺһджʮˣǱ˵·õģǱ˺¶˿ҲͿŴףйһսġˣץĶ˿ڣޱ飬ľ۾ǱŵģʣµʬɵӣǿŹײģ಻٣ڡ
ҵҪǼѩϣڵʱҪҺܶ࣬˶ǸϢԵú΢ֽţж۴ϸţһ˱ץţȻ൱һڵϣĦ
ѩͷɢǷϣΪһöɫʬʬѹ׵ı
ʱҲǻᶯһԴ׺ݵĹâת˲֮䣬ֻᱻ
˵ˣѩһ˿ԣȻڡ
԰ϣʬɵЩҪע⣬ֱǵݣǿɫĵۣˣӦͷһؼ
ǰߵļ֮Уи٪ΪۣһԵʣһ棬ֵΪġ
ʬɹᣬ֪ģ֮ǰկʱ򣬾ʬɵĲ룬ֻҵʱһûмǣ٪壬һկȻǴĲԭ˾ȱѩǿס
٪壬ٴζɱģ˵ǳҵӣôѩһӵΣһʳѰκθڴѩˣҵĵˡ
ʱҿɲóóȻɱȥǺ޴ΪӦ׷ɱҲ׷ɱôⲻ˵ͷŹˣƶӲˣֻҪկ֮Уٴϵġ
ѡʬɵˣǵĵλȻôߣںկ˵ѵѣԻҪ̲ģһ˾֮ͨ߳һȺĳϣ౧ȭʺһЦ˵ŷٴλȻǴɹ
νŷѣָľ٪壬ЦúȻõҪģ֮ȻҪɴҵˡ
ĳϵõԼҪĴ𰸣˸ƣկרźλȴȥ֮ǰźõס
٪幰˵˵˵
תǼ˶˼䣬˵ͷ֮󣬲ųȥԶԶŵüͷһ壬ʶǼʼձ۾һļһӦòĽɫ׽סѩǡ
ǣѩ˽ȥĿŽ֮󣬲Ż˺󣬽˹ս֮С
ԽԽˣʬҲ˽Ǻկ͸ԶԸˡ
Ҫ취ȳǡ֮Ҫòе࣬ҵǣг衣𣬾ȻѩҪɵЩʬɵˣεӰֻңͷһãȻ֮УҲ֪ô֡
ͼҶȻڳ˯֮У¶һ˿Ц
Ҵȴᣬػկɱ֮ǰҲʺѩ£ǾԲܵģ֪ʬɵȺҪôһһ˿ˣ͵ڳױɽʬˡ
־棬ԺǳˣҲûټ
òǣկͨĺ֣ÿ϶һɹƳϢճӤҲʹϢҺţѲɶǹŲɣ
ǺľüҴǰ߹Ҳûпһ㣬еԼ飬ȴǷ֣ǵϢǵָ࣬о֣ÿ˶ǺܽģȴĸУû߼ͿʼԣкüĲϷСӣҲǿȳѪ
ܲĺկ⾿ʲô
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ҼһöֽţָѪĥȴǷ֣ѪҵָʧʼһΪǱҴûˣٴγԵʱ򣬻ûпʼ꣬ѪȻɢȥͬˮ
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ͷ˿ȻһֳƸС
֮ǰǹҷּ̳ȼͰһϵй죬оԼһӣ˰ҪλãôΪʲôأկ𣿿֮ǰĿ֣Ϊ˷ɢկע
ֹҽկǸ޴ɵ㡣
ڴʱҿһ˳֣׼ȷ˵Ӧһˣͷ֮ˣɫĽۣݲˣȴǼġ
ϣ
ǰǱկľҶʮĶ϶ιܼңڱկ֮󣬻ع鵽˺կóӹûСĶܣע⵽˵ķ֮ǰʬȥĵط֪˾ȥӴǵģӣҲҵȴõĻᡣ
ģӣûйƳϢǺկͨսʿرӰ졣
ֵտʺ϶֣Ҿ취
ĥӻȡһöɫҩݣҵѩлʱ͵ģΪˣԼЯһЩ֮ǰ࣬ǽʣˡ
˸ľګСƭһ֮Сɫҩ˹ȥˣ㿴ʲô
ϸտʼüͷ壬¶֮ɫڿҩݵ˲䣬ȴ΢΢죺޲ݣΪʲôط
ϡҩݣ˶ľҶʮܼҵĶȻʶġ
СӣձƵҼҺԺиС£泤˺ֲܶݡ
ϵһӦǲţ޲ֻ֮زУҺԺôܡ
ȵȡ
ϸ˳СѪɫҲԵò԰ףųɻ󣺡԰ǺկˣӦû⣬Ѳĳ˱
¶֮ɫСǰȥںկľĲߡ
˾ְĸţȻǸոսӵ˲䣬ԺͰһ£˵ڵϣҰѽڶϵĲϣʵһأǸѵȻʵأ


275 
ϻ֣ͻȻֵΣûκ׼ģԴƫţҪҵȻȴƫתʱײ佣һѪ˳Žл䣬ȻһʶҵǿӲɬڣկλˣ
ϼһΪǴկİ
һ飬ǰ˵ʶ𣿡
ڿҵ˲䣬ͫȻЦȻ㡣
˵֮䵹вСԨԴȻϼһԸͨﵽԼĿģǸƣȴʵʵ͵ҵ
Ҫ˵ޣҵûжޣҪ˵ɱɣȴ̫࣬ûбҪֵʴȣǺ⣺ΪʲôңҿɲţկϢ㲻֪
ҡҡͷ˵˵ʲôأֻԼù¡
Ǹ֮ǰΪնϵСΪӦٶ۵⣬ʶԾתҪܣϧ׼ק˻һҵףЩΣǸ㻹˯һɡ
С赹˵ϣϢȴ𽥵ȥһأѾΣһ㡣
ǣǷǳԼղŲûôģΪʲô
һ˿ǸͷϾСҲǰҵæûҵһ۶ϣϵľ˫֣ʾԼҶңȴýָӸȥĺףּȷѾˣüͷһȴǷ˶ɫ԰ףѪɫһȥָ⣬׼ȷ˵Ѫʹĵط𽥵ĿʼͣһѪӡǸ֡
ô£կĹ죬֪ˣҸղŴһ£ֻǸˡ
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һ佣޵϶ڻʵֱóɭӡǰһףɭӡŹХֱ֮ӾúףϼһﵹڵϣͷʹѵķһХɲֻΪ˻ˡ
ǹӰһŸֲֿĻ棬ֱ˹߹ýָĲӣתϼû·Ҳ¶˼׺֮ɫҪɱɱϤ㣡
üͷһ壬ֱӾ;𽣣ĲӴȥ
ҾͲˣϼһӲͷ˵ԽԽϧկǱ˶ʮ꣬ΪĲĵλ˼ѲŵõĺôþôұֵĺѪֻܹҡ
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֪ⲻǸ˵ĵط˵Լվ
ǽһ۶ǿ־壬Цϼһûеˡ
Цһָһɭӡֻҵָʾ½Щկ˵ڣ˻վĿŶϡ
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ѵһ˵·Լϣװ˺կ˵ģһĻûбܻϣһϵеĶˮĸӿˣ˼ܣЩҲͼıĶȻܴǰǾҪǵ˰˱ѪùΪξô棿
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⣬֮ѾˣȤĿһۣ˵㻹ɱҰɣشЩǾ͵ڸеܣկҲŹҵġ
ϧϼһȻҲܾشȷ⼸·ͬСɣҼᶨ˱Ҫ֪ͷ˵㲻ұ֤ɣң֪ԭóöԭĸ࣬ҿĻ޷ֻأܵĥ
ԣ¶֮ɫһ֮̾˵ðɣҸ㣬ǸץԭˣƽԴģѺţݹҲṳ̂һƺеľˡ
ݹסĵطңҵüͷǵط룬ĴӪկĺĵش˵ЩĳϣڶĹţҶ޷Ӧ
Ҫȳ衣Ҫȴʱ̾һʵôڶأ
ɫŹ֣ͷ˵ڶ⣬ʵǡ
˵ţ͵ȥҿѪҺϼһȻԾˣҸϽסͣϿѪ˵ɱңҲ˵Ϊǣկƻ˶ʮܣ㣬ҲҪկˣһҪ


276 
û뵽ϼһȻľ⣬漰ʲôʹֳѵȴҷŭΪˣӹȥһҪ֪ʲô
˵䣬ҵưУԪӿҵҲǷâ
˿ʿȻΪа֮ˣΪʩչģһŴѻ
Щϵ֮󣬾Ϳѻǿļ䣬ŵĸüʮɵļ䣬ܿһ룬Ҳ˵ͨõļ䣬ֻǲȱģʩˣֲˣӴҲûκμ䣬ֱɢ
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浱ȻֻЩĻкܶ࣬кܴҪ࣬ȻȴѾֲסˣֱӶ˵ϡ
ʬ壬۶ʧҿЩ񲢲Ը̫Ҫ˵ҪѶϢҲвٵģǼ̳Ȼǽڲ޺õģͺܲ˶Ŀļ̳޺ˣկļ̳Ȼڲźãѵ˵Ц
˵̳ҲǼٵģ
ͷӿʱ򣬾һĤͱˣҺȻ˺ܶϸڣЩ๤ļģЩ˵⣬Լļ̳Ե覴ãЩƺ֤ҵжϣǣļ̳
ԣӦҵĴԷתϸԼյϸڣǸ˵ͨոˣֿˣѾԳһ㣬Ҳ֪ͼ̳ʲôϵȴһֱƺص㣡
ҽկͼĵʲô
Ծģ뵽һܣ᲻ǿֵļ̳ģկ˶Ŀ֮ǰųϢȫǼٵģҪҺկƭǸļ̳կ뿪֮󣬿ʼ˼룬ȵֲԾ֮󣬿һжѾˡ
뵽⣬һ˺⣬ǺǴˣϸ룬ֲԾּҪĿǰںկֲļ̳Ӧð͹ȥˡ

ֻǷߺ޵Ŀһ۶ϣٶӣҲҾյҪϢ
ûа취ھ֪ͨүǣҲûлˣֻһһٴηųһֻ˶ϣļҿĲȫģȴȫ֪ǸŵĽθʬɵ˴򽻵ҶǷǳ
ôȰѩȳ˵ɡ
µĶϣɾǵѪ¶ֺõЦݣҵ˵߰ɣǵý¡
ͷڳ˶ϵͷȻЩϸ΢ĲͬʬɵҲûмӦǲ֪ġ
ҸںߣһʹӣһˣʬɴԺӣſҸʹ˸ɫǰ˹ȥǽţǰһվס
¶ư֮ɫһöƣĹۿ
һ˿ϽϣԭǸ˵صĴˣ֪¡
һջƳǰȥ½ţһƺ˳ڴʱһȴʱӣʵΪһ
ҿһķΣˣĵӣʧˣڶϢǺеģʶЩţҸϽǰߣװһģָһͣȴǴɭӡٴȡһֻֻóɫĹͷһֽպãЦ˵ĳǶϵģȻˣô𣿡
¶Ȼ֮ɫ˵ңҲֻһʡ
Һһʾ˳ǰȥĵͷȻҲЩԾҲҹˡ
ʬɵ˵֪ˣ˳óǵܺãǸŷ٪壬춼ϲ£Ŷ˵ҪȾƣЦ˾䣺˷ϲ¾ˬ
٪ٺһЦ˵ǣԵһûɫ置ǵĸذ
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ЦøŨˣϲ
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Һ˼ƣ¶΢֮ɫž̳˳ȥ¥һ࣬ҿڿڷŵĹײġ
ײĺߣȴˣ֮ǰޱ飬۾ʬɳϣϥѩм䣬ͷɢһϢ
ӿӿĺ⣬ȴЦøӲãž̳ӣŰֲ˹ȥ
һߣһһߴžá
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ҵһ˿˵
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ˣԽԽˣҼѾԿѩҷڸǵӡ
ȻʱȴͻȻһĿ֮˲䱩ٶȺܿ죬ҸûзӦҵĲӽ
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277 ͻ
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ϳ˳״ǻǵ˵
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Ⱥ룬Ҳɫ΢䣬Ƴ˳
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ⳤȻͨ޴٪ĻãǶһ㣬˦ȥ
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˵λߵģЩ룬Ȼʵ˵ȴǲ£Ц˵ʶģǾ置ľˮѺ䲻ǣҪҺկүģ
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٪¶ɫ˵կģΪʲôҪŪôأʵڲУǾȥɡ

һЩصĿ٪壬һȻмȴǴĽ֪ԼǣҲھǣˣҪⷢӡ
һҲˣֻǲ޺ı¿ηΰˡ
٪Ц˵ǴˣҴʬɸǵǸ뺣
һȦҾǷǳܵò˵ŭƽϢ
ۿžƱôסˣȴüͷϢ٪ʵǺǿʬɵĳϣȴĽŵڹײģȻҲ֪ʲôãÿÿȥʱ򣬶Ըоһǿҵ֮
ңղŶݵĶ֣ȴǷνĺϣĸʵҲǲף٪֮ǰ˵Ļǳڱչأ˽Ӵ˵еĿʿǶôƣûв´ĻˣӦûʬǿˡ
ˣԲС
ҪѩҪƽǣȴû̫İգΪֲϣԱҪİ취
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˵ʱҲʶףڵݣӦû˵ģȻ٪ĿѾˣҺжϰ̤ǰһ˵˻˾ƾǵѡ
٪¶ɫת˵Ҫͺȵɡ
ü˵Ѿʮδˮ
ȻǺһ˵ĸҲǲţûۣǶ״ȴָƣ٪ߵϣ˵£òͷЩɴ򽻵ϰЦʬѾǵˣ룬ǵõŮˣֻҪȥ֮ƳɹǾһͷëһһ˿ԴڣպпܱɷɽܵһҪ˭ɫأСҴıϣܹ˼
üͷøӽˣŵһӲɣĳȴǿ˵Ȱɣ˵ĶԣҲ볢һ置ơ
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ȥþˣ·ʱһʹ˸ɫȻҵ˼Ǹ˹
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Ůһǿˣйŵġ
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ҽӹҩۣ˵лİɣ⣬Ҳ˵йصġ
õĴ𰸣˵ͷ뿪ˡ
¶Цҩ̳棬Ȼ٪ǰĴĳһۣӹ̳һۣȻøϣϼһҲûԥͷһڣȻݸһˣһ˺֮󣬻һ
¶Ц˵ղȫᣬɡ
٪ȻЦӦΧŵҲɢˡ
곡Ϸÿ˶رļܣȻǰ滹ţʱѾʲôˡ
ͷƫƣҵĿ⿴ЩϼһüͷΪҩЧûзأ
Ҳͷʱ֮ǰҵĺȴɫһ䣬Ŷӣ¶˹Ź֮ɫ


278 ҧ
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ȻûõʱŶƤ¶ѿ֮ɫҲûϻֱͽӡ
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һ˾֮ǰǸϵĳϣסģȻܣȴûб¶˵Ҳ置ˮδ뿪ɣֻɽȪիһʱܲҲ
һ˵ͷǿţǵûлɸղŵľˮϾǺկǲġ
ܵģûмֶãͺûסӣҲǱסˣ¶ʹ֮ɫڣȥĺϽŲЩ鸡߻Ծ˵㿴ҪҶȥȥ
뿪ˣЩĪϣŷ˶ˣ治ʡ
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˽ǱɫϤĸܣȻȴ˾˵δжڸлˣΪŶ
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ҿŲˣȻ˳ϯϼһֿʼֶˣҹȥʱֻʣǸΪϵĻڣȻ۾ȴǷǳãûеѾ֪ҹˣ˵ֹ
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ߣҲֻǷ˰ˣ˲ҲͻƵ˵ľ磬Żڳ˵ʢϼһǳҲ֪ؾ˾磬Ҫ಻ٵġ
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ŶӣЦ˵鷳ΪȡһЩˮ
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ӣֺˮҾͲǻܿסڱϣǡ
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ΪסѩǸĴۺܴ󰡡
촽Ŀͷɢѩϣϵĳëɢȥˣĵڵϣ
ҿ˿ϼһķ򣬻ûκζǳѩ˹ȥѾĲ滹ճż͡
ѩ
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΢΢һƺ졣
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˵ͷרעĿҡ
ҿֽŸһһĲϣҵһĿ꣬Ȼǽ⿪ϵÿɫʬ˺ȻȥҲûע⵽˺ʬ˲䣬ѩлһĨѪ⣬ȻɣҶ
⺮Ѵ򿪣ӦҪԿףǧû㵽һ㣬Щȡ佣һȥֻһ׺ۣ⺮Ȼ鴫ҽżͬһطųһССĻڣҾһ񣬾ҪֵʱȴͻȻһȣȻйŹ֣Сޣ㵽ʲôˣȻҴʬë⣡
ӵͷ˿̶ǳӱϣһȡһöǿڷŵײģҲ׸ǺȻɳɿݵֱۡ

Ҵעһȴ˵ȻҼʱѩȴǺȻ䱩ҵĲӣſھҧҵļ


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ҿѩѪ֮ɫŨŨԹоʹ
ʶȭͷҲǿѹȥƺص˸ո置һ죬ѩʬ䣬ҲҧҵļҲٽкҧסʹһ˺ҧҵѪ⣬ãҵٴ˿ڡ
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ҡҡͷԼײĽʬҲǷ֣ͣˣЦԭΪʲô֣û뵽Ǹɶķӣʬлĵ
Ҳǵͷ˹
ѩڴڵ˱ţ⾫֮гҵϢҩƺҵʢǽڵɢ࣬еѪ֮ԽԽ˱ĶҲֹֻͣǻҧҼĶҵѪƺ֪ʲô
Ϊиҵ˵ϣһ
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ǳǽľ޴ڣ˾غѩվ˳һƤңľ֮һֻֻɫļ׳˳һƣӿ˳ǽ棬׳棬˾ҧΪոձ˻ſڵϣδ÷ͱ׳ҧǷ֮ʱϢ䲻ľ˵ĲϣĿƼһڴڵѪССĶƤʹǱ廹Ҫ󼸷֣ƤԲ˻ɻ᲻ſѾһˡ
Ѫ׳ҡҡλεķҧأѪҺǱˣɿݵֻʣƤǣ׳Ⱥ߸߷ȺܼĵطѪɣ˱ѪҺմȾȻ֮ѪҺͻ˳ë͸ȥϻоʹĴ޷ƵǺ޲Դײǽ
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280 
ٶʣͨʵȴΪʵãù置𵽾˵Ч
ʬʵһʼȷ˺ܴӰ죬ѩĵȼйϵͨĽʬëʬͬСɣڰٶ֣ȻʬȫãҪԴԴϵҲǶˡֻңկ̫ʱˣһʱǵע㹻Ļʱ䡣
һУʬɵͷӿǲ֪ûбʲôģľͿҡҵȴܾõĻᣬǴ˹ȥֻۣһʱԤе˲ԾȴûȷķӦͣ˼룬ҵĽѾ̵ؿʱ׹ӸҶ
˵䣬ٺˣһֱŵ۾ƤӶƺʱҪ
Ҳ֪ͷǸʲôã۾Ǻõģȴȫ۾˿۵ʱЩϰߣƺһճĤʮ궼δƤһ𣬺òףſһ죬ҿ˽ɫĹâڿâ˲䣬ǰδеĿ־УͼٵĽٴο˼֣һʹ̴š
ƺһѪָ̧ң۾Ҫվûصĵ˵ϡ
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վһѼ֮ǰѩҧ˿ڣѾҪˣҾ𽣣صĿźϣ˵أ
ӸղǸ͵ϮϼһϿԿǱŵ۾ɲǰ裬һȻ뵽˷ҵıտҲǼʮ겻һԣһȻĶסʱ׼֡
ᵽ˿еѪζֻǻɣѾȷˣʮֵܾôȥ¶֮ɫģȻôɱģСӣҪ
䣬һҡ죬еһڹײٶɿݵֱۣ̱ǵʬζӿ˳ͿһֻɿݵʬһԾϷҡʬ¶֮⣬ŷƵҲ¶ֱӾͳ˹
ʬ˼ʮƣ˵ǵǹ룬Ҳ佣ܶǿһЩвĽ˿ӱ꣬һȭҹƤֱû¿ƣһȭ˻ĴӲǱһȭҳ룬ʬӡһ׭ȴֻ΢ͣ٣ץҵ·Ҿʬת˼ȦҸоתǶƿڴһ˳ȥ޷ƵҵһϣֱִӾѿˣ³һѪޱȣ䵽֮Ȼʹ
ã಻ӿľٶȻָš
ʬȻһ֮ѣ˼꣬ȴʬ壬ƽ޹ʵĶ˼ζ
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֪СֶʲôϷҪƳɽʬʹԱɱ֮𣡡
ϸûиҷϻͷٴҡʬٴŭ𣬴̤ĳҳ֮µֲѸٿήһŨĴŶʬɢļ졣
Ϊȥذ
ĹڵԸ׷֪а֮׷ǿġʬ֮ǰұѾʼ̤˲ڵҲѾվ˸һľ磬̤ȻǻǰһֱҵĲ㣬ڲþֲѾ̫ˣŲ̤֮ұѾ˫Ŀ
ʬѾ˾Ҳľ룬ᵽǹŨҵɷȻȴû˿飬³һ֣ף
˵䣬Ҷһſհ׵ķ׭׭֮һʱ򣬷׭м䣬ǳһɫĵ绡绡Ǳѿһ㣬һĲϵɢȥĵ绡հ׵ķ׭γһӵֳ֣͵˲䣬ʬѾһͷײ档
ʹĽʬ׵ʱȴҲǺͨһ㣬׻ž죬ȫֳ׼Ĵ練Ӧֽźҵİڶʹ
Һ׷ͨĽʬԣʬЧҪۿˣҪ״̬ҵ߷ںϵϣ¶֮ɫϼһֻҪնɱʬ˲ݾ͵ˡ
ȥʱٴʩչ˻֮ʵõ˲СԪ佣ѵҵٶȷ⣬ɫ˸һͳжȥ
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ҳûǰһĨȥĳһò۾ʱȴǷѾ⿪ڵϣ˴置ѾǧõëȴҲʧ١

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ңȴϤΪǧᦣƵǧᦣȫ˴ԶЦһҲ֪ã͵ʬ嵹µʱ򣬻ǻãȻվţ֪ʲô顣
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ѩö࣬аЦݣǣͷԼؿڣȴ¶Ȼ֮ɫԭѾûˡ
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282 ˮ
ҵһμѩɱ¾ָоһһи赲ǰģҪݻ١
ȻҲ񾡳йϵ
һص⣬ʵǺܲϰߵģˣҿָܶоǴѩϿ̵ֲʣȴҺܲ˹һδ˵Ѿȥˣĵǰ̵ǰ壬ֻѩЦݣЦú𣬾΢Ц˿̣ÿÿ¶΢ЦʱȴǰѪĽ
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³ٽŴ˿կկĿսͻȻһľĸоѾǵһˣɱ¾ԽԽָ࣬оԽǿҡ
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ŵûУʶʱǾԵģȻҲûǰһϹϾһϾͿԳ㣬ʱ򣬾ٴγʱˣָ⣬һݹ˰ѳ衹ڶկڸʲôã
⣬һΪԼڶȴһֱڵʣӺկһ·̫̫ɵ㣬Һ֪
˵ӣеΪңһӶǲ֪ģҲһΪҵĴǣһǿ̽һЩܣ˵衣ʵҲ֪׼ȷѺĵطȴ֪ǰһʱ䣬կ޽һˮΣںĺƽ̴ˣݹ˵Ҳһ쿪ʼʧûٳֹҪҵˣӦþˮ֮Уֻǿݹ˺пػҪСġ
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ҳһ˵߰ɣȥӡ
˵ͷ͹Ƶǰ·ʮӺվһӵıϣӱ濴ƺһ㣬ȴǲǰˣ˵ӣ档
üͷ˳ȴǸоһ˿죬һ䣬ֱӽһȥ
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283 
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εηηԼٶȣʱʱĻͷңҲǲ϶϶йȻûйãͣ϶Ц˵ӣҿܼǴˣӣҪǳȥɡ
ǰڵˮףԽǰԽɪˮҲ⼸ǰѹд˱棬ʵ׼ݹרΪ衽˸ˮΣ˵Ǻܿس衵ģˮν֮󣬿ݹ˶û뿪˵أһֱ˵ȻҪӳϵõʲôҪѶϢ
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˸սղۿѩϹ浥Цݣȴ¾һһϵͷǰȥ
ʮӣˮͻȻҲ֪ΪʲôͷԣڱߣҪѯʱȴǷζٶļӿ죬ղŻĥĥģͻȻ䱬ˣ֮ǰʮ

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ȻȴڵĸˣһǰΣҸѩһۣʶԾȫ׷ȥ
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˺˼Ӳۣ־ŭİڶˮ׷ӿֹɫˮĶˮ׵ˮݶǱžγһУԶţΪˮûˣڣ಻ĵ𣿿϶ͱԸɾˣû뵽ݹ˾Ȼš
ѩ״˵ǣɱͷٶӰԣҴȥæγ佣Լбƽ⣬ҵĽӽû˿ĲΪԼľ޴󶯾ڸҷ΢죬ڿ˫סһţĺ󱳣ȻıصĴȥ
ѪͬȪһӿһŻζֱӱѪȪ忪ŭһӶ˳ŭңſͳҧ˹ѩϺɫָףţѪ˺¶ָ׾ǵӣÿһ¶̽Ȼһ㣬ָ׵Ĺ̶һ
¶ңѩǴУߺ޵ĿһۣһβҵţһҲҶѸٺˣȻƿˮˣصҵĺ󱳣Ҿڵһ㣬ֱҷ˳ȥһѪҷҸƲԼ壬ֻĿԼܿƵƿˮǰɡ
ѩӦò°ɣ
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ǰиƶеӰƺĥγˮ棬˲䣬ҵӿŭɫȻͷȴһ֮һһ·ɫˮ˿ƣִٶܣȻȴǲŹƾסĲӣǰ档
һΣܣ
ˣ࣬ǰ棬˵һž޴ڣʲôƺһͣס³һѪקϺһȴǿǰľ¶˾֮ɫ
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284 ˮ
ӳһˮݵʯ̨ԣ׼ȷ˵ӦһǶˮ׵Сɽɽʯˮˢķǳɾˮݺ̦Ϊװڷ϶Уʯ̨λãһɽ
ҰѸղײ߻ص˦ʯͷ֮ϣʵʲôط
ֵĿңû뵽ҾȻʽ׷ڴĭΪ飬ûпƺԪһںˮǺԣüͷɽȥ
ˮףȻһȥò˵ŵˡ
ʯڣֻһʯڣ˵ƽ̴޽ˮҲΪˮΣԴˮ֮Ҳûгˣֻǡ
ҿֹʵֻʲô
˸뵽֮ǰƭң˵ֻ֮׽˼ʮͯУʮң˶Ҳ²ĳаŵĹ
ǿģͯͯŮĴֶҲеģҵһʱܶ࣬и⣬ЩŶ˵ҲǷǳѾ˾Ŀݹ˵ȴֻһ㣬˷Ҫôͯп϶á
ҳдһ˿ɣΪʲô֪ôࣿ
˸տʼ˵ʵע⵽ɱ֮˵ӣȻʶôãֻ֪Ĺ߲嵶˫ȫӲר˵ص㣬ȴ֪Ҹεں
΢΢鴤ʵʲô˵ˡ
ϢţȻе˷ܣһĨǵѪ˫֣˵ܶƲңΪǾҰķУˣ϶ˣңȴڣģʲôҲʲôֶΣĴ
˵ţƺԼĴⲽϳ˷ܵɫʣҶƨ֮ǧ򴩣ƨͽˣһߵĵزɣЩЦҵˣѾˣȴȻúõĻţ޳ܣ˵ǰʣ˵޳ܵʱһãڿ佱ҡֻҪܹȥ޳ΣƨиģҪѡƨĶ󣡡
ʼţҾǻǰδе棬ȴЩҡԼӣһŭʮνƨĶ𣿡
һомֲмֻһ̤ʯˣͽʱҵŵʵ̳ϣֻϧ⸸̫ͽĵӣͽϣȴһֱиռĿ꣬Ǿƽ̴ˡ˭ȵƽأֻҪͽЩͽˣҪҵǰͷڵ֪ƽҲ置֮Ҿڲϴ̽йϢΪҶ˲飬Ҳ˵ƨ˽⵽ƽ̵һУϰߣİãԼʲô顭
ҵ˵ͷдżϷʣϧûκô
©ƤƵãһӾήˣֹɷǡ
һţȻ˽ݹǰ·
һţ˵ӣ㲻ܶô̡
ֱó佣Ȼûзϻ߽ɽְΪҽԼ֪ѶϢƽ̴ˣŶݹͯУһûлųȥģЩͯУկ񣬲ǺկߺկܱʮկģıܻЩկӣȥկѰ
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ֵ鷢ˣⶴˮףԽǰߣˮԽ٣ֻнŵǳǳһˮߣҺ£ȻʵĿҿ˿Ҳ֮ɫͷһҵԼؼҵϿ־Ҫѧ£о˵Ŵʿõгͼصˮ
ˮ˼壬ˮеĶʿΪԶ볾ˮнˮֻ˾ϣֱ£ֻˮѣһ½ˣͺٳȥܶԼˮ֮УݹԽˮҪڱչصĽడҷѵկկĴս
ԽǰߣԽǻȻʣȻˮǾȻһЩ½ϲֲ
һʯţסǵǰ·ʯڣָܿƿѰûлأطһţǴڻصĵط
ӣҪǻǻȥɣ
еϲܲͿݹ˷ͻôĵġ
עʯţʼصģΪҷؼҵϼصһƣǾһţ
ȣסˮˣٻȥˣ붼ǱأҪôˣҪôͻƾ磬޽һ԰ȫˮţʹűˡ
һտݹ˴Ƕôòع鵽ʱģһ⣬ڿƺ˵ħȶһտݹ˻ع鵽˾磬ƺԸģǱ衴ɱѲŻع˾磬ѲҳܴĴ𣿲Ȼν;կĺϹܣҲҪص¶أ
ҵԽǱأԽ˵ڵֹۣˮҪȥ
ֻŸδأ
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285 
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ʵеģĴڸбͲߣ֮ǰ⣬ҿͽɱˣϾʮҲҵĳ֮һˡ
˵ԣһ˵ȴǾˣʵ˵ģ
ʮ˵ͷķӦƽҽ˳ʮõĻǳ֣ųʶ˼뵽ǰ˰ɣʮûпһۣʯţ˵صµţҪ򿪵Ψһ취ǴݻǿݹͬµȻҲţǴ
һû˵˳𳶶ˣƾ㻹ܿɶ㵱Լ˭
ܴͿʮڵ״̬һ㣬ҲѾˣ֮ʮûпɽˣͽʮʱӿ˳ԼȻе˵˵֮ϾһЦĵ˵ӣ㲻ﰡƨ
˵ʵҲǻɵģʮ̬ȣ˵ٻԴ֮ȷкܴı仯һʵжٰգ
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˵⣬ʮз˻֮ɫң˵ӣһ˷ֻһ£Ǿǻȥи׵ĵεΣܶණҶˣܹǵڵģ٣ҽЩ֮ڼΪҲʧȥԣһλᣬһԡ
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ɡ
˺һ㹻Ŀռ䡣
ʮһţҪ޽Ҫ㣬һϣҪޱȣʼӲʯͷſԣڶ󷨣֮ҪǶ󷨣γ㹻ǿķǿƿǻԤЧģνţǱأĿģأ
Ȼݹˣ϶û־ĵģΪǣҵĶ̫࣬կҲĲںЩôֺα͵͵置أ˵ڶ󷨣֪ݹ˶󷨵оǺõ󷨣ȻͨõǼ֣ɣЩҶ֪˵һϣˮ޽ɣô̵ʱ䣬϶Ȼֻһ㣬һȻɽƿ
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ŭʮ˵Ǹղֻһԡ
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үүģʮҼסүүסˣһҪŪ㡭
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ʮƿҵ˵ͷ
ҿһۣǰһƣʯԾŸȱΪͻƵ㣬ʼѷ죬Ȼ޴ʯһһĵ¶Ļ档
һ˽ȥˮȻªȴǼΪ棬һööҹľ룬ڵյɢǴֱˡ
ˮܸǳ£ȴû˿˴ڵϢüͷܾǰȻǲȵʲôͷһȴɫ΢䡣
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ΪʲôͷϣȻг衵Ϣأ


286 Ŀڹײ
ҵüͷѵ衳
öͷǣҼǰߣȴֿһöͷǣ֮ǰһһСӣͷ֮ϣȴȻг衵Ϣ
ʶ衣ҿ»ΪͷǾǳ衵ģΪϢǿ϶˼ٵġ
ҰװŪѣʵʵңЩˮͯеʲôã
ãȻ˵֪ȫˡ
ҺɵƳһۣɫ԰׵¶ֺ֮ɫģҲ˻ɣ˵ԣԻףûбҪһ㡣
֮·ϣҷܹʮöͷǣЩͷ֮Уȫг衵ϢҰǶһȴǷֵЩϢ۵һʱƺҪγʲôҵɫӡۣٴ۵ʱȴǷЩͷǵϿգƯһ㵭䵭ȴǳ衣
ѵǳ
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ֲ֪һᷢʲôĹط˴·ЩţȴûѡҵҲûΣ͸¶ľ˼ҲôҲɱ޳֮ͽ
ֻӲͷƤǰߣˮУԽǰߣˮеѪζԽŨˮп˲֪Ưŵͷǡ
Щͷһһ飬ûκϢˣȻеĺۼʧָоʱȴǾ÷ǳ죬ûͷг衵Ϣʲôûа
գˮıԵڷѪζԴͷ
ⰶϣżʮͷʬ߶ǵİСֽϸȻǻûзСӣϿյģÿ뻹ҪѪˮУܿͻˡ
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ϰɲǣʮͷʬȫתңǶͷ֮ðŨԹ֮⣬Ǵ﷢ǳұıĹǵƤСҪҪһ㡣
ֱֽͷƤ飬ˮƯͷǶζͻȻ֮ɳЩͷʬ֮ϣͷǿյۿУȼɫĻ棬Թ۳ɵĻ֣Щûͷǵʬ壬ȴǿ
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Ī˵ֱƿ׸ǣȻһС׽ͯУ۵ŷǳĿɰ
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ӣǿӿҡ
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ݹûϢذײؿڣȴҲûκεķӦȫһʬӣʮŴٴνذװγȻֲ˽ȥһΣΣΣݹ˵ϣٳ˼ʮѪⶼʮʹй
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֪ɶʱ˹״ʮ˼ĭӣַ蹷һĽɫһǲҪˡ
ſݹ˱ŰĲҲ̶õʬ壬ԸҲһĪıˣһˣ䣬ȫʬҡҡͷȥˣջߣȻʱ۾ȴڿݹ˵˿϶񣺡԰ΪʲôûѪ
һﾪˣʮ̧ͷ֮ǰ;ﲻԣף˵԰ΪʲôûѪأ
ˣҲǻѪġ
ɫ䣬ȥݹ˵ؿڣȴǷ֣ûдʱһ㣬ȻȥһĻʮɫѿ˼㣬Ҳ̲ס߹ȥݹ˵ʬ壬ȴޱȵӯһק첲ȶˣȻ忪ʼɱëҲȻ
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ذףŵһСĲӾʹȥ
ȻڰеʱȴǱһֻССֱץסϢСȻ˫Ŀڰ׷ʮŲĲɣ֮ɫСӣҪô
µʱһƾͳʮ˹ȥģһ̹⣬̺̻ǵĿʮ㣬ȴǷԼͶ㲻ˣССƶһǿʱб鲼ŷ֮ɫȻӲˣҾͲˣ
ˣСķ򿿹ȥټԼܿͱȥٶȾСҲûзӦưؿڵ˲䣬ʮеذףҲĲСڣѪֹסʣСԣӦ˵ǿݹͷ˿ȻŭȻƻµ壡
ΪצݺһգʮĻ˲һٱ
ע⵽ŷڿݹ˵ϢСϳ֣־ŭ˳衣һ̹
ݹҲ֪ʲô仯Ҳǿٲ˵ľ磬Ҷϣһȹײģ˳ȥУƽ̣ңӣΪ㰰ǰ󣬲סЧͣ
۵С־ס죬ܿʧ
׷ʱȴǳֵҵǰֻܲ˺󣬿ŵϱʮҺΣԲû㸸׵Ըջɢˡ
ʮҡͷ¶֮ɫⶼ㣬ֻԼûɱݹʵ
˵һ룬ıȻúȻָ֮ҵ
ʶĻͷȴǷֵڶڹײͻȻһֻݵС֣


288 
ŴһݵģԲǺܽСкӹײ֣̽۾˿ǣǾҵĿĭ滹ŲѪɫ
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Скȴǲ֪ʲôɫڿ֮Եøӱ̬Եڹײ
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˵һֱڵĳȴһĨɱ⣺ŮˣҪ죿
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Ҷҵĵ˵㣬ȱٵǣǿԵģֻҪܹڣȻѣʱȫȱʧҲ
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Ҳ뵽һ㣬Цһ׷ȥߣȻҶԳ衣Ǹ޴鷳
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̧ͷŵĳ衣˵Ҳһر˽⣬٣ǲͬ£㲻֪


289 ޱ䣡
衣˵ҵĲл꣬ң¶֮ɫɱ㣬Ҿɣ
ѽֱӾͷ˳ʩչ˳ֵֶΣһ𣬾Ǻһˣǹɷ֮Ȼǿʢ˺ֹʮҵҲ΢΢衵ĸʵСȻл꣬ûȫӳ
̤ǰһ׳ɭӡʩչɭӡȫ壬ǹɭ֮⣬·Ҫˮ֮ǰյʮСԹ꣬˿ٶȷ˳ûͷ­ɪĹ֮ҵͷأͷ
ʮСųε˹ȥƤӶӽɨ߰˸СĽ»ɭӡڹ˸ЩգȻ߰˸Сٶȳ֣Թ֮ǰҪ󼸷֡
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Ȼ֮䣬һ֮бǳ衣ٶȱӿһ𽣣Թȫ𿪣һԾٶȳҴҷס佣ҲǴĺ
ǼȥȻĽ֣ӿһ˿ңؿڵĽѡ˻طĳϧոաôȥ
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Ѿ˲صĺկзǼĽһʬ壬̧˳Ȼڽ£̳һѹƳĵ·
һֻ첲ţѪҺͻŭĿգʬ̳ɵĵ·۾ȴǶڵĶѨ

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ʦ壬ף
Щ˺ҧĶ棬ȵķ飬һĹǻ
ȴķʱҲҪˣһԾڻļϣ˵ɹȥһٸ㡣
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̧ͷȴǷֵص׿տһƬػ˶ûУЩץկ֮ˣҲˣֻпյλڡ
ߣνĵص׼̳֮ϣȴֻ˼ѻҲûκζ
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ĵ˼ɫײ԰ףתͷŶڣ뵽һܡ
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ץԭˣ
կľ䣬˵ĿֻţֻţȻҪƽϢ˵ŭغѩ´
ڵ˳˹ǰ棬ίȥֱԭӣ붯ҵʦ壡
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291 衵
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Сʱˣ͵Ŀ۳衣Ȼȥ衵ǮȻʣ࣬ⶼƽĻܣڶԴȵı˳衺͵ʿҲ죬衳Ϊ˱ͯӡ
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״ץԼͷںȥǿŴһͷŭţ˭ժ߿ħһվһ
ħ衵߶֣ȴǱˣѪ۾˳衣Լɱ⣬һ߽衡
ûгģΪЩûзŹκһĵˣȾܣȴǱ׾ٵ׷һţȻų𽥻ɢ˹ȥںıϡ
źĹ屦ĩʱıˣ˵а񣬴ֲĻȴôΪһУ㣬ؽɽ
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292 Ļ
ӳ衵һαӱɱ˵ʱʼѾ֪ԼҲôһ죬֮飬֤ʵָоԳѧĮαװԼ֮󣬸ǲŹκλᣬҪԼһЩֶΡ
ӽ̸ĹͽѾɣΪĿ꣬ÿֻ˯СʱһУӣȴںҲҲܿ̽衵һЩС˼ȴֻǶϷΪԼ̵ĶֻǳзţóܰЩʲôá
Ȼ衣ȴûзԼƲ࣬ҪץסÿһԼǿĻᡣ
Ҳϴ¾ǸСɵʱ򣬳衴һϣһ飬ϼһŷϢ
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衱֮󣬽鶪ĬĬĽŷɣӵĽǴ̽˳衵ţ֪衵࣬ߣż֮ɹӡ
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ӽţƽƶѪʹȴ޷ԣֻܿԼĶһó
ɽĹЩռɣ¾ɺӶߵĵȫ˳衵УЩȻû¶ЦݣǽĿͶע֮ϡ
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ڶڵʱڵٶšһţ衵˵ϣȻǼᶨµڣĿڡ
ʹѾŤϺһ۾ɵùԲԼûӹһ۵ıͯӣͷһ˾⡭
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ӿ˵㿸סģʹû˿סֻҪʧȥǣͱҶֱӳԣԴʵ鷳ѪֻǵһˣҲˣһᣬ
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297 ʬ
ʬɵˣӦѾҺܾˣϵͷӣҵ͵Ϯ֮һ˶ȻǱŭ
ѩǣϢȻÿһͷٴӿѪ⣬ǳ˼ۺˣҸϽԼֵݹȥſҧţ˼ѪŻָѣȴԾǱ䣺˭һ
һ˩ţѩ˵ܴ衣
ëڻ˵˵Բڳˣ컯ʬɵ컯٪嶢ѩˮδδʣǺɫֻ̰ѩǿһ䡣
ѩ޷ܣɫһ䣬٪һץȥ
٪忴ѩٺһЦӻץһŴ׷ۣȥ
Ŵ׿ƽʬǳʶѩôȴѩҲûж㣬ƾŴ׷ԼϣȻûãŴ׷ۺȻ˵ӫ⣬ͬһһѩĶͷţŴ׷۾Ǽһ㣬ԼֽŶǽӲ
Ӳʬɵġ٪Ŀ⺮䣬ʬûı£Ҫ˵׽ʬרҵԸéɽ
ϧȴҲǵ͹ѩˮеֻѾˣѩϢǰʢǿֻ࣬һЦЩŴ׷ļӲǾͱѿѩһ̧һʯ㳯٪
٪¶ɫһϵǰӡĹײһͷʬʯס
ͷҲǰһƬĸʬһɿݵԵøȧͻҲǹĳһ㣬ǵʬԣȴ쳣Ũ
ǿܣȴԶȿĸͷ̧һָʬһԾʮףɿݵֱ۳ѩץȥأǰǱʬԲʬɵģʮֵСģʬζš
ȥæ
ҿȥկկҲɱһԶ߲࣬ȻҲģҵĿ⻹Ƿѩϣ佣ʣеһͷʬ˹ȥ
ҲǼսţͬеģлСǴ˼Ѫһ㣬߶һٸһٸҲ֪ʲôٴʩչһʬ
ң衣񣬻ԶԸһͷʬȻѽɱҪǣҲǺѡ
ĸͷɫƴҡѩעǣһӹָץǵš
ȻѩҪʱ򣬵ͷʬҲӹײİ˳ѩݺݵײһڵϹһȦ֮ѩŭһȭʬԴͷһȴ٪Ҳҡȥµʬ
ʬɵͷʬȷǵֻ̣ĴڣҪԸһͷѶҲܴΪⶫɱͷ֮£ȫܹΧɱ֡
ϵʵ廯Ҫ߳һⲢҾǻˣ֮Ĳ࣬˵ģͬҲκβЩʬ
ʬ󣡡
Ϊϵ̤ǰһͻȻ˵ûԥ˵ͷΨ٪壬ƺЩǡ
ƳһۣʵǿǿԦʬģҪţɡ
٪ͷһҧ⣬һѪϣҲʩΪѪ絽֮ڶԸʬȻԴ󷢣ǵ˺ֹʮ׾ٵĽƿȻɿݵǳһ㣬Ȼúʵ
һͬ߸һݸ߸˳ǽһ׳Ľʬǲзληľˮɫ⻪ҿǣ¶ɫǰȻУԹʬδͷʬģ
еˣÿ춼УʱɽʬȴƳɵĽʬֻͼ֣ڸ߼𣬱еӣƩʬأȻԹ־µɣŽ˽ʬˡ
ͷʬȻʼãʬɽǴ룬У˵Сˣн
ΪҵˣзȨġ
˿һ𣬿Ŵ߳ͷʬ󣬸Ըһʬɵĳϣҡ֮ʱÿ˶ͿǻʬðŻ⣬֮䣬лƮˮʬȴ帯ãһˮݵ͵Ĵܣʬʯһ㣬ֽʱ򣬷ľʬΪº࣬ŵʬһ³ǽޱȵĺʵ
ͷʬǿ˶Ǹѡһǻʬľֱ۾ǻδֵķľѾճ˻ҽʬϣ߶ǽԾײ죬Ŵһ㣬ʬĽ˺һУʯϣȴֻ΢ĽۣѩһƾͰľʬԴĳ˷飬ȻȴڣٶȳһľʬϢ
ԶԸʬһӱøӼ֣ˮʬٶȺܿ죬֮ʱһɸõĶ̲סθҵĽϣȴֻһƤڵ棬ðź
ʬͷۣ֮ǰǸϱ͵ϮضȻѶԸ
ȵȣ
ҵǰһȻ뵽һ£ͷӱչʮ꣬ͨĬʩչʬȻ٪岻ֻĳѣֻҪȻǸͻƿڡ
ҵĿ⣬͸ˮʬ٪塣
Цţ֪ҵ˼ָˮʬҳ
һԾ𣬳ˮʬһӶǵԴˮʬŭҪץȻȴѾҵĿȷ٪壡
ʼвмƾ㣬ɱң
ˮʬѾأļͷʬҲڲӦķΧڣΪܹͻƹȻͷȴͻȻͶһӰ̧ͷһһöźڹСӡԴ


298 ʬ
СӡȻɭӡڳ֮ǰұѾɭӡҹɫܺõڸм˿ɭӡתֱ£Ҳأӡϵī߲֣ɭӡɢֲĲийХ֮٪ɫ԰ףɭӡﲻϵķŴһʱ֮䣬ԭء
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Ǿһ۾ȻʮıĿڷһţͿⱬɭӡϣֱӽɣֲĲɢĸɸɾֽסȴǷɭӡϳһ׺ۣӡµµīҲ䵭ࡣ
ɴ˿ɼһɭӡĴжҪ֪ķ֮һȻڻûȫĳɳĲȴǲףĿ֮¶е޷ܣϣҪˡ
٪γѣͷ󺹵˺󣬿ų˵л³ϡ
³Ͽһۣ̾ʲԣȴһ㣬ؼʱûо㲻ɾ͵Ĺؼԭܸģǰ;У
٪ţԼС壬ȴҲһ˵ܽˡ
ˮʬٶȳˮʬĶľңһʱ֮䶯ãԶ٪˵λһɱ
Ҳҵ˼һʬȻһ٪ȥٶȸֳ֮ɫڳ³ϵĺǳ֮£ȴǿͣˮʬֵǡ
ˮʬӭŶд͸ˮʬĴȴֻˮʬ˻ΣȻȴδͣڴ͸ˮʬ֮󣬾ֱ٪ȥʬɸе񣬶ûʬػ֮ǱʵǱȽϴģȻˣĵҲǾ߱ģ٪־˦öͿӿһγһˣǰ
֮ϣȻһûȥʧˣ٪ŵĿţͷкˮ䣬³ٴδ͸˳˵ǣһĻûг֣һĨ˰ѺˮȻڴʱȴǺȻ֮Уûѽ
һּΣյĸоϮͷ٪ĿĴһɨնڵ棬ȻѽĽԿѽϣн鸡֣֮һǳ֮ǰշŮ̧֮ˣ٪һ

ε̾Ϣһۣƿնѽɡ
٪亹ֱðͷ̧ˣԲ̫޴ˡ
Ŀǵ˵۾ΪʱһֻڱĿĹУΪչĸһ㣬۵ʱ򣬻ΪеٻЩԪͨųȥ֮ԴΪˣǲŲۣǵɱУȴΪ٪壬ƹˡ
ʬȱһɣ٪Բһܺõİ֣ĳվϲ̨档
Ҳʶ٪Ǹ޴ͻƿڣעڲˣͷʬԭȻͣȴеʣԸҪ֮ǰˡ
Ƿֱһͷʬǿ衺ңѹʬѩּʬ֣ܸɶвٴ˿״̬ÿɱ¾ʱ򣬾ͺ׸ʬԣҺòȫգǶѵģֻקסʬֽţſҪҧѩȴǶѩʬҧ֮ǰѩѾҧĲӣȻֽӲĽʬֳ룡
ʬ˺֮֮ǰ۵ĳ³ƺһһĨѪ
ԭʬҲǸһʬܴʱҲܵɰһĻ¶Ȼ֮ɫ衣˵ͷҵ˼
ǸΪսڶԸʬ˲䣬ȴǺȻתҳųǱ߷ɿȥԭҶԸʬ¶֮ɫѾǵƣ˵룡
˵䣬Ҫջʬ֮ǰԸʬҲǳǷɱ
Һͳ衽еȴʮּᣬ衵Ľʬ۾䷢ŭ˲䣬ҲԾʬļһ㣬̶ӿ£һͷ£佣Ҫ̴Ҳ쳣ļѣֻǿȥ˽⣬ŵڶѽʬĺȻľ׹ӿݺݵʬļʹУҸо˲ɶ谭Ľȥ˴룬ȻһΣɫĽҺ˳ͷӿ˳ҲԼѽʬĵܳȻˤԭء
ûֻܴأ϶ˡ
ͬʱҲӿѪɫ԰ף˵ʮѪһ
ķŭͿһץ٪壬еٶȳǹһӭȥȴǿѾܹȥѩе㲻ģٸĲڴʱǸΪϵĳȴۣ⣬ҵؿڶûеʱҵͷƤѾ飬ϵĺë𣬵ԼʱҲʶжôĿֲ
ȴһӰһҵǰ͸룬ؿѪҲȥ
ұѩ𽥲԰׵һ˼㣺ѩѩ
Һţ¡
ʵ۾һֱúܴҲûԵʹ֮ɫ߽һ߶ţҪɽʬأ
ҵͷؿڵѪһϣϵʱȴǸֳһƵĺëϣϣҲĺۼ
ѩûԣôëˣʱҪǿʮϣѾûлˡ
Ҫ
ŭ𣬿ʬɵͷеһŻԽԽ
ȻʱǸЦſҵͷȴǱ̣󣬺һѹӵ͸ĶˣڲϵĵѪ
׳գɱˣֻҡ


299 ҹ
û뵽ͻȻıʬɵļˣȫתͷ˹ȥ磡
ϣ
Ǻ٪һ𾪺ǵгš
ĿɢôȥһĻ˩סȻ˺֮С
ˣɭһЦôˣλ𣿡
ָָɸһ㶶㣬㣬ʲô˼
ʬɿģʲôɱô˵ǣңҲ׵ĴסˣǷ˲ɣ
Ȼȴ˿û־򣬲мƳźϣƾʬ⼸ֻèСèʵǣûнǷֻҪһЩˣֻǣСҲûãæץʲôʬ浱ǶϹôȻһģֺαǵѣǣĸгɵϼһǶȻǿǶĸʵʵ桭οѾԤˣҪժӣƾʲô
ⷬٴһѪָʬֱӾͳ˹ȥ
ӭʬҲû˲½ʬΪ˺ļ򵥶ֱӣʵʵĳһǿ϶Ҫûġ
ҲֻǼɵѣ£һӣһȺӭȥʬһȭҷɺüʬһиͬ㣬Ǻɱ򷭵İ͸ûһٴһȺ˽ʬΧסá
ɢ˳ȥ赲䲻ȴǳһиŹߵİӰ֣ڵѪͬһ֣źϵĲӣֱӾ˺֮Уһϴһ
֮УҪϾȻȻȴֻ϶ȴҲʧŨҲû˶
٪ӶڲͻȻ٣ͬ˵ظĹʹһ㣬з˾Ψһŵģֻг³ϣѾ϶һץʣµʬǳǳԼ˹Ϳһʬץס٪壬Ȼſһף٪С׾ͶĺԶ³˵סʬϣΣͳ
٪ͷȴֻܿʮ³קסĻ棬壬ҲǱ뵽˺ȻҪ߻ǵʱϣȴȼ˽ɫĻ棬ǻȼյǻǣ޷Ϩһȼôֻлɢһ³
գ۵Ĺȼոɾ˳һ·죬ûüֵİֱӱմǣҪ֪ҲлģϤ飬Ǹɲһһ㣬˲䱻ȼҲ˻ҽ
٪кᣬų뱯ˣ䵽˲֪δİ֮С

࣬ÿһϡһӾʧĶڵѪŭһĿڿҵʱȴǱƽ
ڣˣûЩӰ˵Ľɫš
ңȴûпҳŻѩԸоʬԣѾ׵ĸˡ
ҸԼƣѪҺߣУҵ˵źϣΪ㣬Ϊ㣬ҲΪңҪסҪʬɱ飬סźҪõǣԲܱɽʬ
һʼ置Ϊѩ룬Ȼ¶ⲢҾͻ˵Ϊκˣѩûбɽʬɡ
ʬԣȻڸգҵѪȴǱڴڵˡ
ѩۣһѪ죬һź
ź
صͷ
ظ߶ţԺʬԵɱѾ˰ȻȻ֮䣬ëʢҲٶȳ֣ûйңվһĶѪرϵʮĸź
ҵģ
ѩŭӻӰͳŹźץ˹ȥ
˿̣կկɱѾҵʱկˣޣǰ֪ԼѾû·ˣƣԽսԽ£վǰҲⲫǼĶ֮£կҲֻռϷ磬ȴ޷ƣ˳Ľկ£߲ϵˣѪԹѪΧϵĳ֡
ѪеѪԽԽŨˣȫկѪΣѾѪأǱѪΣȴկùô꣬ÿһѪΣŹƳʣ˿ȫѪأöһ۷塣
Щ룬ȻΧŻ裬·еɱ˵ûκεӰ졣
ԭʿǣҲĵӣҲбؼǣǧ̫ⷨǿûл֮ϵĸ򣬺κεǧᦡ
ֵǣĻ֣ĪҲûʲôſǴɱᦣȴǳٳٲһϳĬ̧ͷգԽԽϵѪۣȴ촽˵ˡ
ûȷǿˣѪۣɫŨʺ죬Ϻ죬ڣɫȥѾȫɫ
ʮĵѪɫ̣Ѫ۶ԽӣŴѪѪۣԽ
կĸ̨ϣͷɢļ룬˵һ־޴ġ
ƽʱй¶Ѿ˱ӦˣڸǾѪⲻ˵٣ɵʱԼҲûʲôûˣҲһȥ
˶䣬ûܹܵⷬ
οһкկˣȴҲǶſǵĿ⣬ԽԽ䣬ҲһĨ̵Ц⣬˼ԣһɣǾͻһʱ֡
ûע⵽̨£Ӱ֡


300 Ϯ
̨֮ϵ˲࣬ǵעϣȻ˲ʲôɱԵķ룬ȴҪרҵ
֮棬ʿ˵ȴǲܵ顣
˿ĺ棬Ҳûʲôйϵ
˶ƴ˭ܻע⵽ĽҰأ
ȴǲãЩˣôѰ·ˣҲеġ
ү͵͵Ķڸ̨£ܴ˵Էֺ±ֻܶŶ佲ʵʦвУ
ү˼۾ǵȻУʦ˵Уˡ
ŸүͷȻŸ̨һ
ͻȻʲôڵϣһһ˹ȥȴǷ֣Ȼһֻӡ
ģ
龪һؿڣһžͱ߷ɡ
үٴſڴȥһֻèûжãܶ˸հ˶ͷȥʲô
ֻҰè
иӿèͷѻҪȥߣȴè쳣ʧˡ
ʱѾؼʱеʮĵ̣˰˺һ˵šһɣˮͰϸźկӿȥͷҲǱ紵ƯһĻޱ棬˿۾գҲգǺկˣĹʲôʱľ
Ҷˣʦһͨ϶ǵĽģȻͻȻϮ
ү˴Ĵָ
ǣ㶮ͺá
үٺЦţ˾ԼĵӶֱۣǰ滹կַʱָûһNɪ
ʦһҪʲô
Ѿûʲôˡ
ү񣬷ϡ
ſˮԼյ䣺ʦҶôˣң㲻ôݶ԰ɡ
һӺ󣬸̨ʲôȥ֮ǰĸ
ȻһΣȴû˻ͷˣǱľ㹻עֻʶʵʲô

е
ԭ
һȻ˵ı飬ţȻȴǺȻò̫Ծ
⹷е֡
û˵꣬һʹͱס𽥵ĻɢҲǵȥ
ĿȷɱկˣöǾ޴вˣЦéɽ֮˻Ща
˵ЩЦЩ˵ȷûüӦֲԵʱѾǷһ˹ȻڱүȴҲʦͽһ֣Щ֮ˣͲģòиóޣɫ󵨣Ҫʲô
䣬Ժصİһ£Űשˮ׸߷ˣ
ϲų˹ȥȻڿĶϱ֮ʱȴǼʱɲ㵽дһ٣ֻû뵽Ӧ置
תȥүү⣬ЦǺǵģĿڳζѬᣬòѳʵ뵽ʲôʱˣ
գ˵֮ĳ̶Ȱɡ
ү̾ô
˵ͷȻɫУҿɵ⹷յѪұҪƻ
ץľٴ̤еķ磬ʼ˸ı䡣



ȴ˸ı䣡
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ûԥֱӾͷųԼĹ裬ҵĻ֮һ
Ҵϣᵽ˱ǰշһǸŨĻϢɴ˿֪ӦҵĻ꣬ǣ
Ҳֻлܱ꣬Ƴɹ衣
ض곣⣬Ӧǵػꡣ
ǣҪǸҪĹ裬ұҪ
ػɳ࣬Ӧ˲ٻǵԵʣϢǿ˲٣ĿҲ
衿ңֿ˿ػ꣬˵Ҫæô
ҡҡͷ˵£ͻȥѩ
˵ʲôȴһ뿪˺ܿսš
վҵǰӶȭͷСʦ壬˵ɣ˭
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£Ȼ
˵ɡ
ʣʲô
ҵڣ㡣
䣬ұһ
衸񣬰ﲻ̫æⰵΪ˹ϴʱŨ˲٣еԻ֮⣬˳٣ó衸Զ롣ڻŵӵƾǵľģŷĻ˿̵ķԣܶЩγɺܴ
о˵㣬ȴû㣬䡣
էһƺͨʵϣŽʵãѾӦõ۷壬ܹ˾ġ
ϧңƺûκôҹңɱӿɱ⳹ͷŵʱӴһķҲûκεƽսһ㣬ҿ
Щвͺܴˣ̥ЩԹƣеԹ꣬˵ֻҪǸ꣬ôųɾſĶֻأ˭ֻԹأ
Ǳܡ
ʱ򣬺ܶవ˳ǵͱϴԣֻеĲǺ
ǿֱ飬ֻþȡţҲˣǵľģֱ֮ΪľĶʱ޷԰Ρ
ȻҲͻ˿̵״̬йأͬڻգȻܽ⾭ĵӳ
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Ҳû뵽ԼİȻһСǰ˶ݵĳš
⣬˵ȴǺܴĻᡣ
ҵĽԽԽˡ
ɱңˣ


301 ׹
ңһڣҵķֶ
ҽ֮У߱ڱΣ佣Ծɻǰߡ
Ȼ֮䣬˽Ħ
ںǶǰУҴ̶ͻصҵĶߣŽʱ׼֣Ȼ϶ȴڸҸ޷ֱķλ
ݣ
ҵȻƿ֮ͷһֱɶƣҪֱסҵĲӣ
ɫһ佣ɨ븿Ħһ𻨣ʱȴЦĹҵĺ󱳾˹Ӧɭӡ䣬ֱҳˡ
ЦһǶٶȺսһɰ֮ʵʵķԾҲǿڻҪһ㣬ֶε꣬Ǹ͹񶾵ķһĻҪǳСģȴҪŵÿˣΪǲ綾ģֻҪʵϣܹȫѹ
оƽģҵĶȴЩ̼꣬ⷳ꣬ҿͬսĵĽ࣬ÿһҪڽڰˣ佣˸Ĺ̵ð߲㡣
Ȼӷʵ佣Ҫѹġ
Ⱥæ
ŭһ
İγѣ߳˻ħ䣬ǼɵĿһۻҲҵȷǰĿǣʱҲ˲ˣ˶ŷҳˣһƬƬĺһγ˾޴һţӦЩˡ
˫ȭѵ֣һ棬ҪǣǺɱһ̽ţЦţץҵĽĻѾżˣҺӦоԼ̶֮С
ѾҹԽԽżеɫҲԽŨһɨԽ籡ˣϳһĽۡ
ҳûǵİΧٶȫ淢Ҵ˿̼̬ÿһڲҲǸոӵôǿ̫ӦΪ裬ֻм֮ѾļˣһƬƤⶼɫ԰ףȻⲢϵܴڼİ£ɹ룬һӣǹһͳҳ
ҵĵػ꣡
ϤϢӿһĽ͵˻佣ڰԵȻ佣ǰȻҲܵشζţҲʹ佣ˡĻ豻佣ҵĵػҲ֮
æ֮䣬͵ı˳ȥ跢һУƹ֮һ׷ᣬʱʱһӵӡϥڱ֮һͿ޸ϵĴˡ
ͼǲ֮Ϊ죬ԭǿ󣬶̶һ˲䣬ϱ佣˿ھͼȫָˡ
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ʶص㣬׷ʵ
֪϶סģŽ渵
Ҫһ˵ԴһԺ󣬳衺㽫һסʱֻҪʰо־ͿˣҲû˴ǡ
غѩһֱվѪرϣѩıƣһ³˿ȻԼһȦȦİγ˸յĲϼ룬³ѩڡ
ƽ룬غѩ񲨶ܴѩѪصҪȥʱغѩһѽͬ䱦һѩ
ûĲӣֻǵ˷ܣڿ置ԪʱǷǳʹĵģǴ˿̿ѩʹһɨգȫ˷ܣдŮڣ置ˣ
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կ˺կѺ˹׼غѩʩʱȴǿҲûпһۣòŵ˵ŮԺҵĵӣ置δĴ˾
һＤǧˣ˶ˣЩѾ޷ĺկ֮ˣҲŵѩ
˾置֮Ϊӽˣ˵һկػߣô˾置ĺܣλߣͬشԵ긵²ŻΪʧȥ˴˾ĵλڻôꡣ
ֻǲ˵ģһδ˾֮ʣŻᰲһδ˾ѡغѩڴ˿̾Ѿľģֵ쾡£˵ɫǱˣֻһͷǾŮӣεºܣغѩƺûľֻǴЦ˷֮ԱԼıһ
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Ҫ֪Ѫеڱ˵ǾԵĴ󲹣ѩıƣֱӾͽߣ֮󣬶Ȼһ޴ķԾѩҲˣڲ֪䣬Ѫص޲ϵİθߣٸӣŵһͰˮѩڣȴһƬֻҪͨϵĽʵȻȵѣֻǸ޴
ǸʱѩȾǳԽغѩĴڣ黹ûнᣬټ϶ĽѩźܴĿܿկ
˵ˣıƣпܳΪܣС
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ֻҪܹô置Ͳ˥ȻǸǿص置˸ڴ
ΪѩկկǵһʼؽĹկغѩԴկˣҲկɽ֮УǾɽչأѩɳ֮ǰ置ٷκ
ϢǱҪĹ̡
⣬ʵϲõģ֪ѩţҵõôĺôȻΪģʵⲻǺҲΪʲôҪң
СƵ̾˿˵Сʦ壬غѩԭˣԼˡ
ԣҵɫҲҵ֢ڡ
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ҵȭͷסŭһӿҺ޲ὣȥغѩڵĿ飬ȴңʱѾûʲôˣΪʲôƫƫҪʱ
׻ΪҪˣҳ嶯ȰСʦ壬ҪסԼҪͷԣʵڲУңңҵһٸ㲻Ҫˡ
˵ȫǱһı顣
ȴһ񣺡ȥغѩûңկƾʲôӮûйͣҲпͣկҲû˵ĵطҪ̸̸
ңƺǵģվЭȥغѩ
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ҿƣаЦȴǲɫ̤ǰһ˵̸£үҴǳߣмѩ
Ҳ̸Ĺ̲Ӧôֱӣʵûӵ飬żɽҾòõĽʽկļúң˵ԭ˻ų⣬ңȴǲİ֪ǲһģֻ£νķʽǸо˺档
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غѩһ֣үʹӺ˳ûܿ࣬ɫܺãҼ˼۾
ҳʵʣµأ
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һиʶˣҲԼģ˵СҲ֣֪ȥҲûᡣ
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˵֣Ǵ˺뷨˵ɫˣû뵽һʼվͱôء
ҿûǣغѩҪɱҺͳ衣ǻʱϵ½ǲ˵ŮˣǸĺ֮ˣ˽ûõģүңҺԼô
غѩƤ˶Ϊ㣿
ҲڿǻһȦ˵λǿ֪ʲôƥ֮ŭ
Ӧ
ҿǣЦۻ֮ŭʬѪǧƤ֮ŭѪ岽ƣ
һ֪ʶĴλվ
ҵְ˽ҵʵôӦúǰٶֵģ置Ĺƶûã置կĹźͼڴ˵أǻȥˣ߳ɰܹɱˣ˳ɰɱһ룬ʱկȺף֪ɱȺ֮𣿡
غѩԣͫ͵һвǣ
ֱӾͰγľвǣ
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ǳҵۣΪ¾ЩΣ置ңŻָ꣬ʲôϵ
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ΪԼԻԼǷծʱȴǷ֣ǹθȻڣҿʼԼˡ
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Ŀ֮ҺܲڣһʱصˣʵѾû˰ɡ
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Ǹ֪ôش⣬ҳĬ˻Ե̸̸𣿡
غѩ˵ѩ˵
ѩͷ˵ԼԺ󲻻ٺԭйϸҲᱻԭ˹ߣԭ˶ģҪһһԺڣǻйϸ̸Ҫ˹ȥ
غѩĬҺѩ뿪¥
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ѩ˵Ϊһֱߣʶͣ£֪Ӧйµġ
ҵ˵ͷȻҲ˳Ĭò˵Բ𡣡
ѩҡҡͷŮ˵˼ά˵Ծԣֻ˼ĽǶȫͬҲĬȻһ⣺ûаң
ҿʶҪӱܣ벻֪ǳȴ߬סȭͷϣʱֻ˵ĸҡͷһֱá
ѩش𣺡þ˻񡣡
ԶˣѩȻץҵֱۣһںݺݵҧϱߣʹϮҿȴȫƴҧŵļƣ֮ǰ˵Ļʬδ壬ȶżнʬԣҧš
ѩҧ˺ܾãȻǳѪˣɿڣΪˣû뵽ȴǻ˸طֿʼҧ
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غѩƽ࣬ңʵ置ѾˣӦԭˣǵ̬ǲѺõģŮԭ˷˸飬ǾԲġ˪կһεĹţǲһ𣬾ѾΥ置Ĺء
ͬ˵ΪկѾ˺ܶ࣬ҪˣѵҪ𣿡
˵ʱҿźԶ˱һڣ̾Ϣ
Զվһ˵ҵŮԸɣΪԼ
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ȷϣзȨģΪǳһֱĵӣǵһ·Ҳ߹ģͻȻԼҲ֪ξ˿ңֿ˿ڴغѩǸӦվغѩһߣΪǶկõѡ񣬿ǣ뵽ǳڱеĲ԰ףҧס촽̧ͷʱѾǼᶨ˪ΪկģѾˣСͱկһУûһΪԼϣΪԼһΡ
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غѩЦ̣ʵ֮ǰѩʱȻǱЭˣлǲʵģҲ˲ףΪʲôҪңʲô壿ʵǺбҪģȣгΣ置ĹҪά漰ˣ置ĺƽ֮УߣͬΪԭˣغѩֱӶԸңֻǲҺܣˡ
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غѩָô棬˵կڿ˵˪ΪԼһΣĹؼڣ˪ܻô
ҵͫȻʲô˼
غѩŹźԶ˵˪ǵŮӣǿ϶ϣܹŵģǣڵȵʬѩҪΣգǾãϣ𣿡
Զ£ʵ˾⣿
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ƲɣͳˣغѩԼ޷ֻ̬ܼϣת
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ɫȻ԰ףΪѾ˶ˣƫƫȴ޷ֹѵҪ˵ǳ𣿶ңҵĵδûڴ棬ǳȻôᣬҲΪá
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һǹһѧֲһĶĺŸԶ׵û⣬ǿ˿ңֿ˿غѩ촽οϣȴû˵
Բ𡭡
գſһۣЩε˵
ѡ˹ҲԣϾ置Ĺš
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ڴʱүȴٴη˵ǿڿ˵ǳԼԼģԼҪǻΪˣǾûʹ𣿡
ԣԶ¶ŭ֮ɫ˪״̬ܹ˵ԼܽҵȻԼѡ񣡡
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үٺһЦ˵ܽܽվıŲţǶһģ
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ү̯˫֣ܺãɡ
غѩʵʲô
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ҿүȭͷסٴμסĺá
غѩĬ˵ãҴӦˣҵҪԭˣܹ˿˵


309 ޻
ƣֻҪһͿԡ
үŴ棺֮󣬹Ȼ治УƣǸĲЩơ
̾ŲҪ˵Ŀⶼϣȵ˽̧ҸϽ˹ȥȻֻգȴкܾûмǳ͸ıףҿɫ԰׵ǳкȻһŨŨС
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Ⱥ󣬻ƨƨߵܹӻͷȡһ«ݸү
ү򿪸ӣһɰƮ˵ͷƵĻʱǳÿ춼кȣܸõȹĻǡ
˵ţһΣֽ޷ȼһףƵĴӿ
һ˲䣬үȻƷǳź«Ļιȥ˵Ҳ֣⻹ҪʣԼʶǳڣҲǳ˽ȥүŸӵӡл֣־ĸϿԿӦǺܸ߶˵ķʮӺүѾͷǺˣʳָеǳĹĶͷϡ
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ү˺󣬼˵ֻаСʱ֮Ҫ˯ڴ֮󣬾κʽ;Ȼ֮֡
˼Ҳ˵ȫİվȻǳ֮ǰûпٺ˵ˡ
СʱԵһǳǧںУҿҲңȻһЦƺȷҪʲôˡ
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Ϊʱȣү˵ϵʿҵǳˣƣҾͲûˣϵʿҲעòˡ
غѩһǳ˵˪ʱԼˡ
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غѩüʵʲô˼
ǳҧ촽԰׵ӿźΣ޴ӷġ
һ仰̧ƶˣҵбϲûŵĿǳ
Ը񣬾Ȼ˵ֻ
Ҳ֪ôݴ˿̵飬غѩȴٴ˷ŭ֮УŬѹǳҪãºϢϢأŴˣǿɾٲˡ
ǳشĺܿ죺ҲŴˡ
Ѿѻ˵úˣغѩеķ꣬Ѿ˶㣬ƺ⿪ʼһֱû˳կ֮ˣ֧ԼΪ˾ɨأƫƫЩȫկΪѩˣǶǲֵУغѩֻǿбţҪôЭȻǲܡ
Ĭһƽ
˪ֻһ仰ģҪ뿪置𣿡
ǳӹײվԶŸʹɫҲûп΢΢Ųӣ˵ǵģ
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ǳǲ֪µģʵأ
غѩһЦ飬ŸҵģһιŴӷĹԶ置ǰȥʦѰѵ㻹𣿡
ǳɫʱһ
غѩ˵µΣΣŮӣŮиһǱʸ־壬ӣ붼һģѡˣǶ£ʬ޴棬ɢ˵Ƚ֣䱯ʹ˪ֻ㣬׼
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غѩЦ˵ûãֻҪ˪Ƿš
ʶĿ˪ȴǿų
ǳͷȻ˵˾֪ʲôమ
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ǳŵҸУమһպܴ飬˵ظµôҲҵѡĵ·Ҳڡûʹ£ıңʹûʹ󲻺ڣ룬ٸһλᣬȻǻѡ񡣡
ǳһϸˣʬ޴棬ɢ٣һ˿˿ĻᣬõҪһУʵÿһమŮӣģҲֻ˶ѣǷصҸ
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310 置
ĻɢܣҲɢҵһʯص䵽ҵУҸо̤ʵ֮࣬һ˿˿صѹ
Ůӣܸ
˹ȥסǳ֡
غѩҪˣ˵ˣΪʲôŮӻôִԲأѵ置Ůӵı仯ôأ֪Ƿɶ˻𣬻Ҫͷǰ壬ҧأ
үٺһЦ˵ŷĳ˲˵˹Լˣô뷴𣿡
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ʵغѩû֮ǰֻϰҵóѣǵڣı˻³ɺӿٳٲԸϡ
һֻǣǳһֻ佣֮ǰغѩԣȻԶԣھѾٲӦǾǺˣұҪǿӲ̬Ȼֻű
Ȼڴʱȴٴѩţˡ
˹ԼԼ˵ٿ̲סһԣô࣬Ҳô࣬ѩֻԼѾǧٿףͲס˳
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غѩ̾һƣĿϣ˵ҲգǾɣԴˣסҪ置ӭ㡣
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Ǻܾһζӣѩȿڣ㣬ϲ㡣
ǳҪѩԴûˣ
ѩѾСˡ
ǳִӿ£Ŀ˰Բ𡣡
ҶѩΣܴһԴǳΪѩҲ֮ĵġ
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ǳҲ¶Ц̣ǿһúվڹ֮ϣͲҪعˣ뿪置ȥκҪȥĵط
ѩٴҡͷˣȥһˣǾ置ã򵥣Ҳ㣬ڡ
ǳɫһף˵ڡ
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կ͵㣬ͣʦܽƻֻԿ϶ûµģҪ
ֻʱѹĵףҿԶȥķ羰ʵʲô㣿
ĶȻͣͣЩʹ˵ҪȥˣôãٲȥҪʦģ᲻ǡ
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Ĭ£ֿү̾˿ҵûȥ
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ҪߵŸԶ裬ô϶׽Ǹҧ촽ҪȥɽûʱȥүͿˡ
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ҪǳǵڶֻҪõⵤҩ£ǺһıԵ
үĿһۣɽȺţӣɲô˵ģ󵤣ֻһţôܸأУأֻҪһ
˵ţүݸһ顣
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ү˵ʱһéɽĲ֮أ㱻ʵָ⣬һħ֮ʵ⹦ħܹ֮ҹʱ򣬽ħ״̬֢ҲСҪ׼
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ұֳǿ󣬾⻽ħҴгɹĿԡ
ү˵ҲҪʦ̣㶼ʦҲɽϣЩ廳ģһ仰Ҫ룬̫嶯ȻԿĿ϶㡣
ҿۻ񣬺߳ЦЦҶү˱ȭ˵лү
ү˵ͷĿ⿴ԶСӣҲҿųɳģ͸ҵͽһ֮ϣ˳ɣ置Ϊ׼ˣǻ˽˷ɻ㵽·ɻҲг㵽ɽסҩֻܳգ֮ڣò󵤣Σˡ
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˵ɽ츳ĵţʦ츳ĵţϰ֮ŵ޵
˵ŵⵤΪ˰ŵڵҲŵӱʦĸӹʵϣ֮ɣҲܳɾһҵ
ͱ˵ҴҪȡ󵤣ǧǰɽڶʮƽ̳ģһʼҲֻǸŵӣƾž˶컯󵤡
Ϊֵҩʵ죬һŵӵݣɽȴԽԽţǡʱƽʦУı㵣˵ڶʮʦ֮ƽʦ㲻ŵ˵Σ߾ֻ֮ƽʦȻʦԾӣһ㶼ΪŵϮʦ֮λ
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֮ǰү˵ֵҩֵֻ֪֮ҩֻһţ˻Ľ֮Ҳֵ֪ҩϧ֮
ǵڶʮƽ̳ģֵҩƷŵ˶ƽʦ֮λϮֵ֤ҩ
Խֵ֪ҩԽ״еѶֻ֮ǳʱ䲻ˣѶٴҲѡ
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֪ң̲סһ䣬ץʱ䣬ܲɽȥ
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ԣҪҪԼ״̬
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ʱǵӥ̶ĹϪУɽֻʣļˣͣס˳һҾƵס
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ת۵˵ڶ죬컹ҾѾѹˣԭ׼ȥлģת뻳Ӧ֪ҵ飬ھɽ϶ѾˣûҾ֤ʱ仹
ҽĵţһֱ֮󣬻ҷš
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Ҫ⻳ȥʦˣҲİǳһԣҾһȥ
ǰ߻ѾǸ˽ϣͷкһһ߽ɽɽš
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׼ֱȥʦǸȴסǣ˵ǻղʦˣʱҪȽȥͨһ²С
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ҵ˵ͷȻ˵ģҾ͵˵̬ȣǵȻȥɡ


312 
ȥ֮Ǹ൹ûиŽȥ߹£ȤĿңЦſڳʵλֵܣ֪ôƺ
֪һﲻԸ֮ҶһҲûʲôõĹ۸УſѯʣҲòӣͿڻش
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˵ֱ꣬תͷˡ
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֮ԱߵҸǰ˵ӲˣֱӶ˵㻹ʲô
Ȼֻ˼š
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ҿűڲŵıףȴǼᶨһַֻűףϥһ䣬ֱӹɽſڣʦһ


313 
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죬ֻʱ䣬һɽò󵤣ʹǳҪɢҾԲܽܵġ
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ЩլʺĵӣҹſĥҪæû뵽ͻȻһһ˶е£࿴˿ĭ˵
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ܶ˲֪ɽʦ̵ĹϵʵʼɽֻǸɽʦɽϵɣʱֻ֪ʦ̣֪ɽŵݺȥ֮ʦ̲ʢŵõӳ𣬴󵤣֮Ū½֪˵ŵǴʦ̣ôľǿٳɽ
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һһ϶ԼеԪһ㣬ӹСɽǲ֪ԭҸ뿪ҪѡһõλãõĴݡ
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Ĵ࣬ǳԵ֮ԣҶĶ࣬Ϊ˵ֶ̫ͼ˵ĳǸΪУҲʲôв

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ҿ࣬ڴһΡ
ָŲԶЩӻɫ۵ʦ̵˵ɽʢ֮ЩҩƩ󵤣Ͳܹ˵ģΪΣΪ˾ˮǲΥģԴӹһֱһϮǱǴأδ֮ˣأֱ֮ͨʦãʦõҩأʦصģҪֻǡ
˵⣬ҡҡͷ
Īĸ˵ĻأӦò٣ѶȣûᣬӦǺѣɹغܵ͡أʧģҴһأӿģΪǻɽģʱʦ˿Ҫڻͷϡ
ò˵Ķˣ˿ɫѵ촽


314 أ
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вˣרҵǰ䣬ҲᣬԾȤ֮󣬲Ȼ뿪
ûߣżϣһֱңҲ̸ֻţҲֲԼΪʲôҪڤڤ֮ȴһԤУƺҪ˲õ顣
ĪҪȥأ࿴űĿŵңҡҡͷģҪʹˣӦѾ֪ҵƣҪûģûôɵ
ţҲ⣬ɽš
ɫ𽥵ɽҲҪرյˣӣϷʵĿ˵ɣϲͼɣǿҪȥ˯ˡ
˵ţһһߣ׼رյ
ȻŷҪסʱȴǱסˣƣûзӦһſԭקס˴š
һ֣үүĴ£е𣿡
ͬĻڰѾٴΣѾϰˣΣҵȴһĨЦ⣬ոµʱҵ־͸ŷ죬׼ȷסĲӣɫͻ䣬Ҫ֣ȴǷԼѾŲϢĸоֻƴҪңȴ֣ҵ־ˮһ㣬˿
һ˼룬ڿкʱ򣬴˸սȥ˻ˣ˴ɽ
󵤵ʱ򣬹һҲʲô˴ɽʱȴڼ֮Ͼӿĵӡ
ǿŵɽӣΪȱɫѾˣһɫ䣺ӣҪʲô
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ҹɫеı䷭ӿɽĮ̼ң˵󵤣ǲϸôҾֻԼˣ
ңǣɽĹأ᲻󵤣ȫ⣬ҹɽǰధҹңֻˣʲôɽʲôأʲôϵֻһͷǾǵõ󵤣ͨʲôķʽҶҪõ󵤣
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ʮˣͬʱҳ˹ҲûʲôɫĵۣԪ⣬רŵɽӣսͨҽоŵˣݺݵĳҹȥԪ⣬ټϴ˱ͬһ㣬ʮȫҵڵϡ
һ佣裬һʹӻɫ۵ʦ̵ӣҲ׷װνΪľûе̤경ͱһȫնϣڶͬʱѪҺķˣҲһӰġ
ˣɽҰ
иĨǵѪǷŭ
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ɽȵ̵ԭɣȻǵģһ֮üϵӰܹÿϵϢڵҵڶ磬һüϣĿҡ
Сӣʿɶֹɣٸ̤ǰһҾ͡
Ļδ˵꣬ұѾǰһ˼Ѿˡ
üϵɫӻɫ۸߸߹֮зһɫķ
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׭֮У̺Źü˵Ǳ֮
Ҳƾջһſˮ֮ɢɫĹâȻɳ֮ײһˮ˻ǳʶȻö׭ײһʱȴǳһ״Ǿǿˮ֮ʧָоǽһˮɽ֮УͲκεӰ졣
ԣ
Ҳʦ̵ļ־ԵֶΣо𽣣ʦ̵ĶֶΣÿΪһ̶ȣɽʦԵУͻƵ˵ľ磬𣬾ҪͻƵĳ̶ˣǵ콵
Сȴˣֻܻӽ赲üϵЦ˵ڻһУ⽣ֻҪһ̲ˮ
δ䣬Ϳ佣ն롣
ǶС˶ԷüϵĿҵ佣ɨؼֱ֣̤һңûκԥʩչ佣һڹ⣬ҹʱұڵ䣬
أепܳа
һϵڡ
һͬΧһ壬׷ɣһУǽһ˶𽣣ƣҪӵҵϣڵı֮ȴǽȫˣһ̤ǰ͸ڿлΣƽƶȥɫ΢΢һ䣬վһ𣬹ֵͬȴ쳣ѣ˱Ƶ˺󣬺ˮŴŵĹ䡣
ҵĽٴδֱӾʹǵм䴩ü۾ȴǹͺͺһƬͷһŷҵץɫüëͬɸ㶶ָһѪ
ҪҶԵеɽȫɵۣû뵽϶Ƕ֣ſˮСĽΧס
Ҫʲô
֪ϣȻųϵ壬ȴֻͼ𣬸֣ɽˣ
ҿźڲıףײǣɽ񱼶ȥ
һɫ䣬˵콫ס
ǵٶȺֻǸҵĺߡ
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淢һ͸ŨŨв֮⡣
ҽڲ⿪Ȼ˰Լ䣬ֻҲڳֻ֣ͬʱűףûκԥһ̤Ũ֮С
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315 Ļ
Щ׷ҵĳϺ͵ӣڵ˰֮ʱȫֹס˲նüëİüϣŨ¶ֻ֮ɫ
·㲻ߣŴʵ͸ҴأֻһضˣҪʬ޴ˡ
Ѷ˺ܶӣŨΧ飬϶ֻǴڴ˵ûܹ
Ȼʦ̵ӳǿΪÿĵףڴܹۿصΣǵĴأȻڹڣԳʦ̵ǿ
˶ÿϧ˵ϣСֵܼڶأôǿڶصʲôģ
أԴ̤һ̣Ѿʼˡ
ԼǴɽ߽ģỳɣԼǲǵ˻ɽΪ̤Ũ֮ҵǰһ̶ǹ˳ӿ˹
ۣȿǽ¸ѵأ˳ŵѷһֱ쵽ǰҿһƬУǲԵˮǻ
һ޼ʵĻ𺣾ǰȼţҲûз磬Ǻȼţĸ߶ȣҪ˵ϥǣڵ£ҽҽͨʺ죬סŵʱͷƤ顣
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֮ǰ໭棬˵ʲôǿĶ֣û뵽ľһƬ𺣣ֻɽҲôһƬأ
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ǹؼʱ̣ȴסˣӿһ˿ᶨҽ˽ĺڲ𣬲棬Ҳš
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Ӳһؿ鵨ǲ˼ֱƹѾɹ֮һ
ڻ𺣵һͷľʯ֮ϣվϣһŷŽԶԶĿҡ
Ϊ򵥣ֻҪԼһأ𺣲ѣѵ֮ͣҪԽƬ𺣣ɲǿӴͿԡ
һýĳ˵
ʦ˵ЦԽ𺣣ȻػҪƹأֻǻҪ顣
һҡͷ˵һ̶ͬʱЦ
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ʮҾѾ죬ʮҵĺֱɣ֮⣬˺ͣıײϴݳҿ»ҪǱ
ȴص㣬صҵģ𣬱ֻǻӣҷֲûôԶԸģĻ
̤𺣵һ̣ҵоʹһŻ磬˿ҵġ
尾ʻ˵һУԽǰߣǹɼ尾֮ԣзĵ£ǳѩʧ٣衣ĻָʹСŮҴСдڼķ£ӿ˳ַУҺ޲ʲôͷƫƫʲôûУָоֱץ
ÿһĵ飬ĵ׵ŻԽ׳һ˿ȵҽʱѾ˻棬ձҵȫ
ҸоΣյϢǰߣ׳ֻǾҪһٽˣĻȼգڲ
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һ̾Ϣ˵įڴ󷨣̫ǳ֣Ҫ군ˡ
һЦͿСܲˣֱǰãһ⣬ĻǿʢʮҪһŻҽˡ
ȴǲ֪ʵʱңûôࡣ
ƽҲ֪Լôƽϥ£徲ֻôĿŻ𺣣ȴЩʧЩĵһ׮׮һӿҵķ֮Ũż·Ծ͸żǴ˿ˣ룬ƺҲûôˡ
ǳ£岻ݴǣΪҿԲϧһУԣʲôģ
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衣ҵֵܣԼܹ⣬ĳֽǶ˵ˣͲҪҵġ
һ׮׮һϸ룬еϸţëҶѾˣ֪Ļ𵽵ʲô⣬Ȼô༸飬м£ĺЦ
ЩĻ֮ԽżԽʢһ򲻴
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˲һ̬ȥһеʱȴǷ֣ȼյĻ棬ƺֻһСѣ͸磬Ӱ
Сأò˰ɣôû˶
ǵ˺ܾãҲûпҵӰ̲סֹ
ȻڴʱȴͻȻ䴫ŷĳȻͷȴǷɫĽгԼĺٶ


316 ƹ
ɫķɨǧϸ緢˿İ׹⣬׹⿴ңƺϵʵϱ˴ȴγһӵ֡
֣ù׭дһʲݣҶһһ⡱֡
û뵽ϼһķӦٶȾȻô죬Ϣӽ֮ȻӦԣѾ̳ûлͷĵֳӭԽԽ󼸺һ֮ߣ˸ҪȥȻһĻȴǳˣ׹˸ķ־ǱҵĽ⴩͸ǿһ㣬谭ҵϡ
׹ⶸȻ̶ʧҵڡ
һ̣ҺȻ䷢ԼĽʧˣ׼ȷ˵ڵȫܶãһѼҵסһ㡣
ҵȻϼһ
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ɵӲɣѾ֪Ϊλȥأ
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аСҲҴɽ
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ʱŨȻɢ߷һѪĳ˳̵ĵһʯҲͻȻ˼£һը
ոջ˵ûڶˣȴˣɷĩʯһʱ֮侹ǰѻȸ


317 ʧ
ʼȻ̿ˮһ̣ȻҲûжǵһƬ̵ʱȴǻγӦ
εĻ࿴ͻȻʶʲôһΧ˹ȥϴӵĲס˷·ʮ꣬ͷ˿Ũǲʺͷŭ
֪һӦǱˣȻҪ֪淢ʲôĸèһǿعس˵Ǳû˸ѯʣֻǲϵķʺ֮
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֪ԣȴҲ׾ǲԣֻĿĵļǰҲ֪ڶصعڰҰɡ
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ѩ磬֮£ôܻнӡĺۼ


318 
Ļ˵һкۼӦñĨȥӡȴûʧ
һͷţ˹һĻѩµʱ򣬾ǿҵĽӡλã磬Ǳʲôˣƿҵλá
֮䣬ƺµʲôվӣҵĽŷӡ
ҵĽŷŽȥ˲䣬Ҹоϸ΢ı仯ƹ֮һصѩȻʼиҶ˶ϡϡ˲١
һֻţҲ˽ӡҰѩϵĽӡһ·˳ԭ·أʱ·ߵʱ򣬲ŷԼƫ࣬ΪԼߵֱߣʵϣȴһߣ˺ܴһȦӡ
ûйϵҾ˳ԼĽӡߣÿһĽӡʧһ·Ǳ˸ۣû߶ãѾ˾ͷ
һصԭصʱǰѩԭʼʧ͸һƵãǰããһƬͬӰѣҿԼ壬а㱻˵ĺۼ
ȻһûüңѾᵽΣյϢͻȻ䴫ƿ֮
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319 ֮
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ӿң˵أһͬĿ꣬ǱǴأҪ󵤣ҲҪĶһ鷳ǾزùҪҡ
ԣҵ΢΢仯̽ʵǰֶͨ죬ΪҪæأ
֮⣬ϣ̽ʲôʵģƺҲɨһۣһֱĸоĿһ󣬲ſ˵ɽأǵʦүŵ仯˶ͱһأͨʿֻһƬ𺣣Уȴǳ֮磬洦ɼҽңǻ𣬶𣡡
ᵽ⣬ƺһӲˬףһֻ֪ɣӾһǴбҹﶼѾͨˣһڵһأҼ߳ʱ򣬼û˰ѩһƬѩɽɽʱѩֻѩ֮Уҵ·߳һأأ̵ģһأ֪ʲôѿ󶴣ǵһ㣬ĽѩͱҪĴУҵһ·ܹ߳һأҹʮǰǵڶأҾ͵ҹ
һֱӾͳ˹۾ɺ죺֪طʮʲôоҲҪŪعߣȻһ裬һᷢģŭйҿ϶ǽܲ˵ģ
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Ϊ棬ؿɵһһ֮
صѶȣմߵľҵľǰհʱ㣬ֻǵҵһ籾ġ
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һ̫СɽˣִţĵŴʢѹأ׿ͨģ
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һӣʵǰ˼ĪҴǰƹأǰΪҽعߣȵ֮ȥȡ󵤣ǰԼ顣
ӱڷ裬ôһ˵ȴͰǰһ뻹ǷӣһĶţԼ·˵˼ܴҪ˷ѿˮôʽΣ
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һʶɽصĿֲٿǰٲʱƺûôֲˣһɬ˵
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ͬΪԵȣûѡأֻܼϣܹسŵɡ
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ǰͬȴͬʱڳֵһصϢǳױ¶˳еĵӾǷеСȵÿһ·ع΢΢һǰȥ˵ӹǳϡ
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ԣϵɫǱ仯ճſԼǵ۾뽣ӹҪһ͡
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⾭ģΪξһϤУ


321 СŮ
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ָоǱңȻڷű꣬ǸŴѾвˡ
һĻ֮״̬ҵţôܣ
仹ľģ
Ȼ֮ٲٶȻָԭֲĳֱӰиҳˮ̶֮УվҵĽǶϣǱһСָͷ˽ȥҷ˺ܴľŴˮ̶
վԶţڸʲô
ҿһۣ³ˮȻٶԲʯ½ٲеʱҵлһĨĹâղˮɲǣҵԺкȻ仮һ׵磬Ӱ֮ҷֵϤоǴġ
ֻҲף֮ʲôϵ
ٲ㣬һҲƽԱߵϵֹջ˵ˣ㽫ܸͲ½֦𣿡
ЦһҼȻͲǳ¶ˣܸ٣ûݣкãο֮գͲ첻в
һϵüûСеаţҾò̤ʵ
ӵ˵޷Ҫô࣬ڻҪƹأȵ³֮ǾòҪ죬ҲֻǶֵ顣
ԣ¶ЦӢ
ٲµңȻЩͷԣžģǹϤĸоԽԽŨˣûдϣһֱţҲͶ˽ȥûйãϤĸо˱ʣܱԴļ¶
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̲סٴ۾һֱȷԼĲ²⣬⾭ģĥ̾Դһϵ
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ҶҲǺ˽⣬ֻ֪ǱȽɫͷµ֮Уֻ
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ӣӵľģɼбͼıģһҵ󡭡ѹĵףȫ˼ƹ֮ϡ
Ҳ˵ˣҪٲܳء
¡죬ҵĶûô˵أҳ˼Σնʧܣ𽥵ıøٲҵľ븡֮ǿֽҳȥҸϽоģԼȶԲ̨֮ϡ
Һµ³һ˵УҸͲȫİҪ飬ҷɢע
Ҫһ飬Чİ취ԼûпȥʱȻܰҪǵĶ
置ɵĵػ꣬һҹħ֮븹УڻûʱΪҲػҪ೤ʱ䡣
˵Ļֻȴ߸ɴ˿ɼҪǵģȻѡ
ûʲôҵעȫһѡǣ˵ĸãһǶҪһ԰ĵطҴ˿ȴûⷽҴգٲпʼ
кӵľģȷٲ֮Ҳ񣬿ʼػꡣ
ֻһǣڵĻǿȣֻҪƬ̹򣬾ܳɣǻ꣬Ҫʱ䣬ʼɵǣֳĳɹע磬һĳɵɣٵɣҵĻԽԽ죬ٲҲӿˮ̶ˮ֮мһ֮ߵĲˣԲ̨ϵӰҲҡҡ׹
ٲֻҪ΢ڼһ˿ҾҪȥˣʱջһȫȥػ꣬˵Ҳ֣֮ǰȫעٲȴǺӦԣҳǵʱٲȴǶȻȥһθ޹أ˥ʮɵĳһһ룬ʣµһ룬ҲĳˢţѾ첻Ӱˡ
һĻͱעұ仯ĺӷ֣ӿȻ֮ɫΪô
ϵҲ¶Ȼ֮ɫĶҡ
ǺǺεȵǿĵʵܼ򵥣һΣ壬
˵ףм뵶Ѿܵ˲ϣ˭˯ţ⼸ǲɵ񣬵ȴں̵ܶʱھѾˡ
ʵǲ֪ܹ֮ѸٵٲǰͣǾĸҵʱҿ϶ڻֲ̿⾭֮ұ̣·ľҲͲͬˣǶĲںôһӮ档
ǲ֪ЩһеĹâСӣԲ
ϵϿɵĵ˵ͷиֳɱ⡣
㣬еʱֻΪ̫ɫ
ٲһ˥ϥŵң۾һĨâҵл
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۾εĳҵұŵõˡ
֮Уƺһߡ
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˼ʱ򣬺Ѿǳҿ˹Ҳ֪ǲΪղСŮҵԵʣҶڵǳУϵᵽɱζӣҵľˣ֮ǰһ˵ǰһҪ


322 
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СŮȻһı仯ǺܴǸԹǿţҲѡ
ԵȵĺԲ֮ܳΪΪƵһ޷֤Լ᲻ʱǿɣ̳ĲõʵҲһҿǣһ˵ǰض˵Ҫ𣿡
ƺΪдһʣü˵ʲô˼
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ĲˣĿң˳
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Ȼδӳ֣ϵΨΨŵŵ״̬Ҳ֪ӣ˼ȻˣʹŸˣûκ壬ҿżɽ˵ΪҲ
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Ҳһ㣬ˣѾɱ˼ٴˣ˵ҷģɱ㣬˰ɡ
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ײģԹ߲ͬߵԣҪܴ۵ġ
ɫѾ䵽˼㣬ͬһ㣬ֱҴ̹ŵ΢΢ҵѹͬˮһ㣬˷ӿ
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գջĿ⣬۾ָԡ
ƽ֪ѾҺˣȻѾҲٵĺһ㣬ҿϵǳ鴤Ŀӣ֮£Ҳֻõԡ
Եݣʵֻһ仰ǾǾԲɽ˺ҡ
仰ʵܴ˵ɽһ뿪أҲ֪ʲôʿɶֹܹȡЩѾˣҪ࣬ǱǹˣһӷùĻҡ
ҳǹ˹֣˵ȥĹˡ
ۣ˫ճȭͷԵȡ
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ϵǾ֣ĿԼţȴʲô˵ĸо̵ֱĿ̡
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ߵʱһͷһϵһӰҵͷΪͻȻһ¡
ȷǴӦɱңɽأ
ڶصصع߶ˣ֪ڴأȻǵûһëǮĹϵɽ˻ô룿ˣ˳Ҫҵͷϡ
źӵıӰӿһУðΣգҪЮòûüմմϲСƣٶ֮С
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ҽĹصʱĵʯҲھҵĺâ֮ʼѣѪϵʣΧ۵ĵӣɫȫ
ǰ֮Ѿ֪ʯѪʲôˣڶصعˣأȻҲ
Щſɽӣ˿Ҳ¶ŭ֮ɫأԣɱˣͲˣǶɽӡ
һĵӾȻô˲ɡ࿴Ѫٶˢ˶ҵ֪ЩڣʱԼΪʲôҪңɷմϹϵԲһ¡
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֮ӡŨʼһ˽ȥʱع˳
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׼ĳǶɽȴɣҲǲСʧˡ
һӿǵĲ״ţȴڲ˵޷͸ľżһ㣬иϰѵҩǲҪǮһﵹţɻǻ췦ûã˾һغĿˡ
ӣɽģ
ճϱŭڣƽعһ磬֮деֶùͺͺ
˻æÿ·౻϶ţ˲ֽ


323 Ų
ԼӣҪ㷸Сôܻȥأ
ңΪҵ̫ˣ˵ˣɽѾվҵĶ棬ֻ޻ƾʲôɽˣұڹ뵽⣬ÿȺ󷽸ϵĻʱ¶ϲ֮ɫָŻ˵λϣǸɽˣ
³һֱӶס˻񣬸ոѶĻ񣬻֪ʲô£ͱ³ǣȻס˺
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룬仰³еŭȴɢ˴룬Żüʵǻ񣿽ӵͽܣ
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³ɿֱ֣ˤڵϣ˵ȥ֮λȵ֮д
ղŵļƣҪɱˣһתۣôֱȥ֮λͽأЩϵ·ʽĵĲףƾʲôСǳô©ȴֻŅ̀£̲ס˵³ϣⴳصСӽ⻳ֿѣǡ
סڣ³ָŻıϣҲ֮һ
˶ɵˣһƾʲôƿڶҺòдǻû޴飬Ż񣬼ҪΪʲôǳô鷳㻹ʲô鶼ûУѵǾƫĵ˵ĳ̶
֪Ϊʲô˵Լʦ֮պյ³ϾûдԼ˼ˣڵϣŨ۶ǲţϣˣ˵ɱعسϣⲻܣԲܣ
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ܣܣҸղŻڵȴʦ׼󵤡û飬ҲţܵġլʺһˣһţǱȫȳˣһҪȡԼĶµһʱͻҹͬôҡ
ӣ˵ľȻҲݣֱʱѪģΪһʵһ㣬ԭ粽С
ɽȾͺ鷳ΣʦڸպգҪͽɽӹ֪ʿܹ飬ϵ˵н磬ɽϵڵԭ
֪֪治֪ģ񰡣㻹ǷȱиĳϺɸֵĿŻ̾˵
㲻ȴ°ɡûлشŨӡ
ʱң̤˵Ĺء
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ڵĹأȴͷԣһʼֵĵطȻڿУ
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ǰһƬֺ֮У߹ʱҶɳɳ죬з紵ƬҶƮ䣬ҵļ
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ĸһ̤Ĺصģȴûмǡ
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ǺƹصĹؼңԼֻҪȴͿˡ
ƫƫһûа취ΪʱȣұҪõ󵤣ȻǳΣˡ
ҪǣҲ֪ĹصĹؼŲ
ߵ£͵йŵʽĸﻮһĨɫΪ̫ͨˣͨΪֻǾͨ
ҪǣеĵĹأ֮ǰĵضôͻƣĹأ϶Ҫȵǿܶࡣ
Ұγ佣߽֮С
ҽȥʱĹʧŶȻպ֮УХ֮ҿԹҳ˹
Թֻͨ𣬵ǵȴǿúݣһȥ񵽼֮⣬ЩԹָԹҲ£˳֣Ƕѻ˲֪õԹ˷й
һ˻ų˹
Թǲµģ˺ҹǹ֮ЩԹҷ佣һɨʮԹҵĽ¡
ⲢûбǣԸʢǰ̵ĳҳ
ֻٶȳ֣ǿʵɫ⣬Ǹһ㣬֮ԹһƬƬĵ¡
ὣɱȺ֮УսһСʱҲ֪ٴλӽڽһֻԹնɱԴԴϵľ֧ţ΢΢顣
ãǽЩԹնɱˣҶԼնɱ˶١
Ȼһ̣ȴǷٶȴХ֮ڸղŵԹɱ֮µһ֣ǵ֮ǰֻ಻٣ͬʮ㣬ĳҷųϢҲš
ҵɫһף϶ҧ󣬾ôԹҲ׽⡣
Ũ֮⣬ճӡоŲӰŨг֡
濴µĹ⾰Ųǰ˲㣬ǰΨһ㣬𲻶
ճϵ˵ˣĹɢΣ֮أȴ˾ŲǵĹΣյĵطôˣûͻƵһ㣬ɼҪ
ոµʱ򣬵һ𲻶ĹâȴǶȻȶͷų貵Ľ⣡


324 ջ
貵Ľ⾭òϢڳһʱȻֱͨڶ㡣
Ѿʼڶˡ
ոջ˥ճɫһ䣬˵
һʼŵǳϣڵõ˽һ³Ѫȴǻ̼
ϣӱֶԣҪʦߣԽĹԽǳϣȴɫ԰ף˾Ǵˮ̳һ㣬ˮסʣ촽Ҳϣ¶λϿ⸱ģ΢΢һ䣺ʦܣʲôĽ
ǳϻͷ˿ɽӣӿڴóһöɫʯһʯ㻯˷飬һ㵭ĹĻ˰ɽӾķ֣ԼֻܿվƤڶȴ˵ʲô
ճüͷʦܣôͷһμ˻ţʲô
ǳҰܣβסľţλʦ֣ɻǵʦ֮ǰ̽
ԣ˽³ͫȻʵĪ˵ľǽ죿
ǳϳ̾һ˵ֻ
˳Ĭ̧ͷʱ򣬶ӶԷ￴˼ᶨǵѾϲŭˣճϺ˵Υ˶ʤ죬ʦ̽Ӧϡ
˵䣬ƿĻĿڻ϶񣺡ʦڣ
һæصڲ®й˺ܾãҲûеȵʦ֪ʱ뿪
ǳЦһǺʱȵи֣أȻ֮²żȻ
ЩԺи֣ʱ̺һ𣬿ûмǵ飬뿪ڱ⣬ԼĿǰĴֻջػǵĿŨ
ع߾ǲɱģ㶼Ҫų٣Ҹ𰸡
֪ʵ˿̵ңãվڵһ㵽ڶĽ֮һͷţǲʡ
Ȼǿ
ղŵ棬ҵ̲סϲõЦݡ
һ޾ԹȷͷۣҸɱ֮˫ȭѵ֣ҵһˣôҲôԹ⡣
ʱǾΪڵ״Ǿʧδ̵ʱͻȻôԹʹҪǿȵսҳܲסģڴʱȴ뵽һ¡
ɵˣɵˣôأ
еľɢ˾ϲֱһԤУĺҪ֣
Թ˻ţ˹ʱָһзɳһöɫСӡСӡХʼûκζڲһԹʱȴǺڹţǼʵϻȻ俴һ㣡
ɭӡȻŴ󣬱ƴСһöСӡۿɼٶͣϴСҵͷ֮ϣڹת紹һ㣬ҵΧһ档
ԹűܳǵĳԹһźƣ֮Уһ˿˿Ѫĸ֣ԹΣ
ľҰ޻һͷҲɾ֣Щż෢ֵĳȻľӴĺܣвٶǾ֣ȻȻҰޣȴѾ¾ˣٻȥпܱ֣һ־ˣӾֱѶȸԾŲ࣬Ϊ㡣
ԹҲˣ㹻ԹѻһҲı仯еѪ⣬Թ۵ĲѪɢпԣһ˿ץס֮һļʴϵĳɳпܱħ
ɣħǴ˵ֻڹżǵĿڿഫ֮С
֮ԹХһͷײΧĺڹ֮УЩԹԹϣȴǸֳһ˿ãȻΪǷԼײһûܵκεݵĴ֮ÿһԹֶǿϲǷХ̧ͷ֮ʱȴûҵӰһ޷޾ĺڰ֮У
Ǵ˿վԶȻᷢһǱеԹεңͬˮһǰ̵ĳھһҵʱȴʧӰ
֮ǰ置ʱɭӡʬϼһһսʱܵЩ𻵣ʱҲûй޸˿ȴǿɭӡһǳǳİ׺ۣڲԹĹУʼ䵭ʧ
컯
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ôԹɣɭӡҪԹúݣ
ʮᦣôҲֻҪʮǣпܻô࣬ȻҪڸ㹻ʱǰ£ɭӡҪĲǻǣԹԽǿԹſԣּģЧ㣬ͨԹǾҪˡ
һСʱ󣬵һеԹȫɸɾɭӡ⻪תͨһöӨ͸ע⵽ɭӡµ֣һɭ֣Ѿȫͣڶޡ֣γ֮һ
ѾǾ޴ķԾˡ
Թʧ֮󣬵һǳԹҵǿϲ̰һ㣬ڶһ㣬ԽԽá
Ϊɭӡǿ˲٣һزǱǳ֮һƬƬԹɣɭӡңѾоɭӡı仯ӡ֮ڣʼһĨϢϢֵɶ
ɭӡѵҪԼ
ڴȻڴʱһԹȴͻȻʧˣɭӡ޹أȫԼʧģһ㶣û׷ʲô£ǰĻͱˣԼվڵڶĽ紦صһʱȴǱ赲
ǹʧֱ޷ݣû뵽ŲȻмֻǣûƵȥջҲѾ㹻ˣ̯ƣһ˿Ѫġ


325 ͻƣ
һ˿⣬Թ֮УԹϱɵʱҿҲźƶɭӡ˹ų֣׽
Թ֮һҵģҸо˴ĴƺֻҪһͿԽݻ١
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ҿͻȻһЩȤһ¡
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Ϊ飬ΪͨѡһĻǴ뷨֮Уʹ飬֮ǰҵʱշŮΪԼ顣
֮󣬷õ޴˰ҲҸ飬ȻһݾӰɭӡĿǰѾȻ˾ųɣֻһ˿ԣܳΪ飬ֻһ˿ҲҪԵ
ɭӡǿҵĵ΢˵㣬һ˵ڶ㡣
ڴѾЩ׾ŲǸʲôĶˣÿһ㶼˿ֲ谭ͻƾŲ֮Ӧþƿ˵Ĺء
ǰصĸֿ飬Ĺĸֱӣȫʵ
Ȼڵڶص֮У֨֨ǻװһ㣬ҿۣ͸ŨĶ
á
һݹǣƺ޹ɢڵϣǴ˿ȴһӲװţһá
ŲȤ
һôѣǵڶ㣬ȴֻһ㣬ðãһٶÿһϢڵŵһ
Ҳ˵һٶãֻһٶѡ
֮ǰ˵ܣǿŴ֮˵ľıģΪ磬ǵҵڶ磬ԾŲЩãͨĵŵڶʿ˵ҪЩãѶȼҲҪա
ңȴǸ࣬ͣʵǿ˿ҹû˿ǣɱ˹ȥų貵Ľ⣬һոңһ
粢֪Ҵ˿̵״ֻƾžŲĹâжҵ
Ųһ㣬أųɾŵ˶ֻЩӵ챦ǹ˲ŻͨͨӦҲԭ򣬲Ȼֻ˵ǸˣȻܡ
ǳ𲻶ĵڶ㣬۹ı仯
ڶһֱڰ˲㣬ǴսˣտʼͬĶ֣㷭Ĳı屶˵ڰ˲㣬ᷭ߱Ҳ˵ҪͻЩҪԽԼ缸Ķֽ֣ǾŲĿ֮˶죬ӣǲп̤ϵھŲġ
³ɫĳǣ˵
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λɫǱ仯ճϿ࣬۾ܵ޾ϣѵſˮͿճϱ촽˵ھŲ㣬ûսˣھŲ㣬һ澵ӡ
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Цƹص£϶Ѳ˸ϵˡ
ڵӵĳأ֮ǰϱ۵ĳվһ˵ʲôܹʵԻܹأڿʵѵܹͱԼǿĶֽս𣿡
һʣһ̶ࡣ
Լ͸߹Լһ˽ֲ֣ܹѾǷǳˣ⾳΢һ㣬Ǳֻ·һ˵߱ԽսѾǷǳˣ
˵Ķԣǲܵ顣
أҲֻ˵ľãӲʵĶƴǲȡɵģҲȥ
ûһ˻ܷ첻ɣ
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һɽ֮УȻ
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ոջڴ֮ˣɫ΢һ䣬֮˼ɢɢ
Ȼɹˡ
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ڶĹâող𣬵Ȼ໥֮£˵۾
ͻȻһĻʱƿԣһ֮г˵
ôͶȹ˵㣿
ҲǣСأ֤еʵģԽɱУҲûпܡ
Щͣϧߴ·ȻҲһ컯
Ųĵ㣬Ӱһû˿ͣ٣ֱӾ̤˵ĲĽ㡣
ĲĹâٴγ𲻶ڴء
ӦֹˣڼĶ֣ǺѶԸġ
ҪƵĲ㣬ޱȣ
ӦҪͣһЩʱָԪ
ڲ²֮䣬ȴǴӼϵĿУ̴˲˼ľ
⣡


326 ߲㣡
⼸˶ҽ󲻵ӵʱ䣬Ȼͬ˶ĿĽ⣡
Ųһ㣬ڶ㣬һƬͬ˸ʱ򣬵ĲĽҲһ໥ӳ֮£Ų
貣־ŲͬʱеɽʿжǱ⡣
˵Ĳ㣡
ƾʲôΪʲôԽ󷴶Խˣ
ٶȣѾԱԼǿĶˣȴڼʱԸ˵˼ǿ
𣬲֪ܲˣ
һۺеɽϣɫأλϣ˫֣Ҳ΢΢
Ĳڣ΢΢ϢʱңѾĥ˾ŲܣǸҵΪϵʵÿһ֣Ҫ֮ǰǿһҡ
̧ͷ㣬ûԥһ˽ȥ
һЩǣ״˵Ĺ֮ȴǷϲ㣬Ҳ׼ҵʵ
˵׼ʿѶԸ
㣬Ӧ׼۷壬߲㣬Ӧǻڰ˲㣬Ӧǻ۷ɣڵھŲ㡭
˵ˣһֱڰ˲֮ǰʲô̫鷳ڵڰ˲Ļ۷壬ҪͷۣھŲˣҲǶԸ˵ģͷصͬʱҸҪЩ͵Ĳ˷ʱ䡣
һ֮䣬ұڵ㡣
ˣžŲһֵͨǵǾͳأϵﶼǳغ͵ǣλȴǿþݡ
ͨĵӶûио֣ȴƵı¶˳ܶ࿴ĳϲɫסӵߣ˿λϵɫɲһ£ǻᶯҡĵġ
ӵעȫھŲ֮ϣ֪٣ǸʲôĸȻԼɣϾᣬǵûô࣬ǵĵԼƺڼ֤һδĵ
ûмǴĻɽأӴһֱڣûбƣȻҲ͵ɽ̫ڶʢйϵһ£˭ָðŵɽΣأ
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ˣӦǲˡ
ҲǣĶ֣ǿԼıģıͨҲ̫˰ɣ
ֹɣվҪ棬ɽϣȻš
Ǹǿˡ
꣬žŲиǾãѾû漣ˡ
ȴǲ֪ڵڵңһٵĶ֣ȴҡҡͷ̫
ҺûʱˣֻҹҲʵǵȵǴأҲû취ɽ߳ȥ
һԼһɹɵĹ佣Уǳһ㣬佣죬Ѿ˵ߣѾ಻סҪˡ
֮еľԴԴϣҵľƵ۷壬һٽһ˳ȥ
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Щڴìܵˣڶݵʧ֮İοԼҲһ£ɽϣı
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һǰĲһ˰β͵ļ֮ǰĽҲƵĹâѲ²⣬βͣӦβģеӶ๾ſˮһĻʵ̫ˡ
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ıԼĶְȻ˷ˣʵ޷󣬹ż֮УܹԽ󾳽ˣһʷĴ
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˵ȴŵȦһ죬ֱӳԼһơ
Ҫ˵أû
޺޵ŻзݣҪ㣬ô
ڵ࣬ǳµΣΪرƣ̫ھ޴©һ˿˵϶ӳ񲻺ãǶ군ˡһʦͲҪıˣȫûпˡ
ȻŵĻȴҲ˼ȵ֮УԼʦйص飬˵أɽĴ£δأǾʹţɽдѣ
񲻻ỳԼʦĻǰ仰֮ûзϣΪΪܹأǴ˿̣һĳȥֹס˵ˣˣҪټȥˡ
ǣеʱԽǲ뿴ʲô£Խǻĳ֡
âոûʱ䣬Ųȴ΢΢ڵһ㣬ٶȳһ⣬ȻϤιâȴҪ֮ǰĴ׳࣬βӹ㣬ʹһĽ⣬ȫʮϣ⼸ôˣȻȴδֹͣһֱ˵㣬Ȼͣ
ѵһͨ㣿ܶƺоԼˣֲĲ²⣬ǼϢ
ʿһƬžֲĽ˵Щڴ漣ˣ漣ʱȴǸо˾޴ѹ֣̿ѵأҪƵ
ֲ鷢ˣĽ˼֮󣬾ȻٴΰͷٴγŸһȥ
Ѿǵ߲ˣ


327 Ƕ
ʱһһĹȥб𾪵Ѿû˼ˣĳ˲䣬ȫ˹ſˮ¶˾źţ
ͼŨоŲӰѾ׵ı֣ǵ߲㣬û룬ƺһŲǾһ㵽߲֮䣬еĹâһƬȻ佫Ũӳյˣ̫ͬһ㣬˹ۿʱ򣬲ò۾
ӵ㣬ֱƵ˵߲㣡
ҲΰɣΪʲôᷢ
һ㣬ѵû˿ƣ𣿶ǿԼˣΪλôࣿ
߲㶼ˣڰ˲㻹ܵס𣿡
˶ˣһ𶯣ǵУ֮ǰֻо֣ڴìܣǲмȴ𾴡
н磬ǿΪһԼ˾춯صĴ£ôӦñ𾴣
Ѿ߲ôճϳĬŨ۾Ѿȥ˾֣Ǳ˳Ѿ̶ֳˣĴ㡣
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ȥڰ˲Ҳɡ³ϵͷ֪Ĵͬʱȴ˽ҵиԼ˿Ը뿪Ų˳أô󵤣ҲǲܸãôͲӦ
ͨĵӣҲɫӣ֪Ķûôֻ࣬򵥵
һʼ˷ܣͺи˸˵Ҫֿȭ壬϶ܸЦϷʵ˵ȥѽȥʵǵһʱ鶨Ȼ𾪺͸ӣлһڴǲܹ۷壿ﶥʱֻٴη仯
ɽӵ·̣ڴ漣漣ĳ֮ȴֻлˣɽıˣǿͷȴ£пнĶ˵ֻܿžŲ֮ǰЩڴˣȴٴα任Լ˵
ͣ°ɣҪǰˣͣ°ɡ
ˣʲô·Ϊ˵ŰǸˣȻһϵе¼Уҵһֱڰθߣֱһ̣ŷԼǵ͹ң飬ֹǴ棬˸һĻ֮̿⣬һ˿Ϊ˵Ҳҡô˲ɽȻʦλãĸûʲôϵˡ
ʦ˵ĻѵҪʵǸɽ𣿡񵥴ģʼŨֻǸӣ飬֪Լô
վɽߣվߣΪѡ⡣
˶ڿţûκεеɽ֮ˣӣϣۣͷŨ
ڰ˲ˡ
Ҳ֪ô仯վڵڰ˲㣬һ˳
ˣԼ
ҵͷ˿ȻԼӰʧˡ
ڰ˲㣬ȻһңŵĹײģҲһģһ
ΨͬģϢɢŻָеʵ
ңͨĻǻڣ磬ѾԽ˵
ƽĶۣڣӦҴ˿ܹܵˣΪҵʵҲ
Уͬ佣ҿţȴҡҡͷΡ
佣䵱彣ʹôúҲ佣ΪλԭˣΪû飬佣飬֪ȥֻʣ¿տڣȻһļͺͷȴû˵неķɡ
⸴Ƴһңõ佣ҵǲͬ佣û飬ҲԼصʣǸƲġ
δԣֱһҴڵԪĵɫĽնƷγҷе·
Ȼȴûжܵ뷨Թӿ˶аͬӽ佣Ľ⣬ͬɫȴı䣬â˸֮⣬ǵĺڹ⻮ڹ⣬ڻ˵մȾһ㣬Ҫ
ײ촷ۣǰһ£ҵͫ΢΢ʦ̵Ľ񵱳ù
ʵңҲĽжôûʩչ£ȴֳ⽣ǿÿһʱ򣬶ֻһϸ緢˿Ľ⣬ڽ棬в飬Ҫ⽣ˡ
ңҲзֵһսɿÿսݡ
֮䣬ѾʮغϣǺκζԷҵײ֮Ǳ˴˷ֿ
ƺ飬Ȼ˵۹ȴ͸أΪҸõĽ֣һɣŵĹײģ˵ϡ
ײأ˵һ
ҿһĻͫȻɵ飬ó
ͷңٴս˳
ҲȥԹԵ˵ţܲȻҵģ;ԲܶͲܷ£ǼٵģҲԡ٣ҿ
һҵࡣ
ҵУŨŭɫ˲䣬Ҳ֣ڰײǵĽǴ˶ԷĽҵţҵĽҲţڽֵһ̣ͬʱɫֻǸˣҲûκεѹû뵽Լ̵ҵʱı󣬳һöɫСӡԴһң
һ£Ȼһ࣬Ľҵ߲ҵĽȴֱӴš
ʧļ˿ɹײģ³һ˽ײģ̤˵ھŲ㡣
ĵˣھŲ㣬ʲô磿
Ȼȥ˲䣬ȴ¶֮ɫʲô


328 
ȴ֪˿̱ҸӾȵˣʤ
ڰ˲㣬ͨˡ
ϱ۵ĳгţ顣
ÿ˶Ҫ˵ģȻ׼һĻʱÿ˻𾪡
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ڰ˲Ľ⣬ûдӵһ𣬶ڵڰ˲㿪ʼۣȳֵһöͷȻһоνɳһȦ֮󣬷˾Ųĸ֮С
Ųâһ֮󣬳˼Ȼ˳³ֵģȻǹӵŨŲӰʧ
ʧȥŵĿ֮˽ǳĬһͻȻиӣе
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һԼȳŷӦǣĵǣҲ֪Ҳ̫˵ɡ
λϣҲĿһࡣ
֮ͬ˹һҡͷȻ˻
г˿ɬ

ͷȻŨȻŲˣǣȻţ߶֣ⱲӣҲǡ
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ȻǵڲΪɽʦ̣أȴǹͬƣʹһС
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ȻֻǴ˵ĹأеأÿˣʵѾϣˡ
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˴󵨷ʣǾèצһ㣬йھŲһУԡ
ԣճϺ³ɫһ䣬ʶľҪǳ⣬Ȼǳȴǳ̾һ˵ˣҪкãֱ˵ɡ
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ǳϱ֣תеӣ˵ھŲ㣬ûΣգⲻǿ飬ڰ˲ʱ򣬿ѾˣھŲ㣬컯
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˵ʵʲôҲ͸ˣΪǿѾ㹻źˣͶĵԸӣҸûУõó
¶ɫ³ָһһöͭǮұ㲻ϽǱֻˣ


333 ˺
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󵤣Ҫ֡
ҵᶨѾ󵤣ǰΣҶҪ
佣ⱬҺὣؿڣõסˮͭǮȻײһʱҲŷССͭǮȻӵ𾪵Ŀֲײ佣ʱֱӲһ𻨣ʹ佣ҵؿڣұòϵˣײһϣͣ
һѪӿأֻһѪϼһʵȴǳҵԤϣ³ϵʵǻڣˣҲ͡
³ջͭǮҵżɻ󣺡װ⣬ʵˣ
ճ̤ǰһ˵СӣǸѾ㹻ˣ㲻Ҫ̰ᡣ
ĨȥǵѪ˵ҪĶȻ㣬ұûУɱңôأ
˵ĹǳҲʵа취֤֮ˣ
Ҷʱ֮ôʹߣҲ޷֤йϵΪ⻰˵̫棬ǲŵġ
ɱôعߣΪ˽ɽңı㣬ôأ
޻˵ǳ̾Ϣһʧ˵а취֤ԼûҪĶ
ԣҼĬճϲ˵ҲУҲУ浱ǺƢɣ
ȭ˵ǰ֤֮Ը֤
˽˸ǳ˵ǱѲ°ɡ
Ѳ飿
ҵûǰ˼ֱſ˫֡
ҲûпǿۣĿҵӹûзɽϢв񼣬ĪС˵ľĲɣ³ϵĿⶨڲıϣ΢΢һ˵ʲô
ҵɫ΢䣬˵ҵİޡ
³˵򿪣
ҵһʶԸۣҵǳԸ֤ⲢţҾܱܽǳ
ڴʱȴͻȻ˵λϿɣ
񼸺ðݣŷ֣м䣬ܵǸңȫȻΪǣʵΥ˵ĵھһ֮ҵӿǸ⣬ƸűףҲҿ˿ϣڲҿ
Ө͸ıף˵֮У͸ףÿ˶ܿһŮӾĬС
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ղŵļ򵥽֣ƺ³ҵĵףû̫ĵǣɽĵЦ˵ǹֻǵѲѣ̹ΪβҿףĪŮ˵ϣʲô𣿡
ҵס佣һĨɱȻۣ죬÷Ÿɾһ㣡
֪ǳҵҪԵģ飬ҲǼ֤ߣǳ˽Ҵ˿̵飬֪ƾչ鶨Ȼ޷ˣǹŵ³ϵǰһѱסȣϣǳԲܽʲôǳϣΪ䣬ûʲôܹȵǳеĵλԸͷ϶ȻûҪĶ
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ԴͬϬû˾֮Уֳ︡ã֮ɫҲһɿ³ϵĴȡ
³̤ǰһ˫Ŀ磬ңҪϴɣǱףŮӣұҪ飡
˵̬ȱȽϺãһӦ˿ȻȴûκεĺøУһҿףķʽܽܵĵߣ˺ǳҶԳеֿԣֻ֮һҲԸⳢԣҵɫĮȻĥʱʱһֱָǳϣȴзų⣬Ƿʲôһ㣺Ůϣʦ̵ϢǱﶨȻϣ
֮ǰ㿪ʼ㣬ڵóȻģʦ̵Ϣûд˲϶ŮйŹ֣
ʦ̵Ϣһ֮ȴȻ֮ǰ置ʱ򣬻񻭳˴ʦ̵ʦǳڣΪ˽ʦ̵ͷ޹ʱ䣬ϼһ﷢ֵϢȻʦ
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£ⱩǶ


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Ϊɽʿÿ˵ı޿ΣճϷųҪڵһشĻǿ࣬˵ϳһ˿˿ˮű˸֮£Ѿʼڻˡ
ŨΣͷڵһ㱡ס佣ϵע룬佣ͷų⣬һӳӿ֮У͵رſȻּʮĻع鵽ԭģ
ȻһԽƿ
ճϾվڻ֮⣬вҪĶɡ
ҵģѾȫľˣ֮ǰĺƢ˿ȴǲپ߱ŻӰӰ´¸ֳճϣ˵ûУҽʲô
ճϺһӡٶȱ֣Ǿͱˡ
ӵͱƣ˿£ϵڣҵĶͷ߳˺ˮڵһƵϵӿ佣֮У佣ǳܲסķ˵ǲһķ˿Ѿˣҵһ֮иʹ˫Ŀ֮ҲǱ⣬ҿΣȵƣ
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һҵΧǳٶóһöʯȴǸ֮ǰĲͬʯ֮ҽ´ʮ׵ķΧڣγһԲȦɢŵĽ⣬ǳϵ˵ΪΡ
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һʯӣ֮̽ʯӱȴڱԵ֮ײ˽⣬˻
Цһ̤ͬԲȦͷųԼеϢ¶λϣǻڣճϣȴǻ۷壡
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СӣйŹ֡
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˳һɲԤУԾ
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˿ڣǳϣ֮ǰοڣƺܺ˵һ֮Ͼɱ֣˿תء
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ҷԼã涼Ǳɢź⣬Ȼڴʱǳٶȶ֣Ųзǹת˵ޱ
֮У΢һӴ˲䱻
ڱǵ΢ǵĹâֻðԵݣ
ޱͱ֮ΪǣˮͰϸк£ͳխ֮ض
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м䱬̫һĹâֲ䷽򣬾Ȼǳұŵı׶
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ҵѪ죬ۣ֮֮Уһ˿ħԣٶɺ۾


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ҵҲǱѪɫһ̤Ѫ졣
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ڵģ˿ܲЩͳҹʿǶаűܵų⣬λϣľ֮Уƺңһӱвʮ㣬ճϽջع³ϣȴȻаŮɢһͭǮҵŪ飡
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ҵǹһĨ䵭Ц⣬ͭǮ˲䣬ȫ̱âͬһѳʵɫħӿϢصӨ֮ɫȾȫ˺ڱһְڶ֮˫Ŀ·ӿѪ⣬һƺҵ֣һ̤صĺڱȫƯͭǮȥ
ͭǮǷڱȴֻͨıײǸɲǣڱͻ촷ۣǺȴȻӿںڱ֮ͬƹ֮һͭǮȻһƵĲϣڱڶ࣬ԴԴϵͭǮײźڱӣ͸ͭǮҲӶˣ˿ڽǰϸȻᷢͭǮѾʴ߽ǵλã˰߰⼣ҿʼ䣡
ڣͭǮƿеĺڱھһ֮ʱ򣬺ȻеͭǮһѿɢڵϣʧȥ
³ɱ¶ͭǮҪķƶ꣬˿ȫٵһ޷޸֣뱩ŭ֮Уǰһӣ̾һĹâ֣â£һƾճ֣ǰɨȥ
ճϱʱ֣ΪƵı仯е죬Ӧҵĵƣ³ѾȻ֣ǲֻ֣³ϻΣգ³ʦܣܿеգ
ճڰ̾һʦܹçײʱǰһָ̾һɫĹĻͻȻ֣Ļͨ죬Ȼȼһɢźֱǰٶ̫죬Ȼϳ³ϣͷϷ
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ӣΪΪǿʦ֮ˣ˿ڿܣ˹֮ˣ֮ã֮ڵıﲻϣҲ粻ܳŽսնɱֻպҪΪɽĸ󻼡ǳĸԶֻ˼Ϊ˵ҲȫվһǶ˼
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Ѿħң֪ôࣿҲүڸҵĻħЧħʱ򣬻мǣȻֻȱĵطǱɱͷռݣ˻֮⣬˶ҵıɱ
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ɫ䣬һڵĶ˵ǶԸ³һˣסǣ׾ٵġ
Ҳ˵һԶ
ճĿһɨɽĳϺ͵ӣȭ˵󣬻Ⱥʱ


337 ʦ¾ħ
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µţн綼˥䣬ɽȻҲף˶ϡȱǣѾûɽĸˣʦ¾ħ󣬻Ϊÿһӵı޿Σ
ĴȻŵԲСҵüͷΪЩɽĵӶʱҾ͸е˴˵Ķҡ
ǱصӲıӶᣬӶķԴЩɽӡ
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лĵ˵һӱ㽫Ƶ˵Ķ棬Ҳ֪ڿ
СޣڽӵϣѾ㣬ڻڤ粻飬ϼһﲻ㣬ֻʦֵܣҲݲ㣡
ǳϴȥĿĵǴ⣬ǱǹȰΪһЩԭվڶ档
Բˡ
ԶԶĿң¶֮ɫʦŴǰûѡ̾һ֮󣬽˴֮С
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339 
⾹Ҫٶȴأ
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340 
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341 컯
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ٴԹεǸߣͬսңԹ죬յļᾧѲһ֣һΣȴûҸоôļѣҵͽᾧɣȻϢ
Ϊᾧܶؼļʧβ͸Ӧʱ䡭ҵ۾ȻΪʲôᷢ飬һżᾧ࣬ұһˮᾧеļһͰˮǿнһͰˮһ룬Ʋй֮ǰôļѺʹ࣬һΣᾧڹʣµĶһˮȻĥζҪһ㣬ȴܸıɡ
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Ȼᾧˣҵûô󣬵ȴǸˣ׶Ա֮£Ҫʵңѡǰߡ
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ܲÿһζŵ
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˽ֱһ˿ʶĿӡˣǺȴվڶʮ֮ǰ۶ǳ˼
֪ڲǴűӡ˵ʱֻܽҵϡ
˵ףֹؼʱ̣µľǱ˵ᱻǷǱеʱһֻСȴһķӦ
Ѿ߲߳ڵļᾧʮöΪҷ֣ԽǰߣڹԽǴ׳ÿȥļ̫࣬Ҳòöᾧöᾧ棬Ȼʹá
ϵֻʮˣ˵һٲǸڵ㣬ǰţڵļᾧٶ顣
겻ϵĳɳҵԭֻͨߵңȴӲİθ磬ǶþӨ͸
Ϊ绹ֻǵŵڶ磬ҵ꾳磬ȴ޵Ľӽˡ
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ķȻܹҿ˷ѵļ䣬ȴҲۣվ˾ʮ岽ʣµļᾧֻʣ°öңöᾧƺѾˣһĺڹ⣬ȻܽöᾧȫǲֻҵļҲҪܵӰ졣
ҲԸôΣյ飬ϥ£һϵе֮£ҵĻǱ֮ǰǿ˺ֹһĿӣǾһˮһ㣬˸ŵӫ⡣
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бϣ粢ʵǴ˵״ԼΪ绹ֻȻ֮꾳ȴѾ˺һֻҪһԵɺϣʱܹͻƵһ硣
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ϵұƽУȴʮףͻȻ岽߹ʱ˽Ǵ󾪣֮ǰ̵ģ˿ͻȻ֮٣ʼδôһ۵ĹǾȻˣ
ҲǣصһЦҪһڴʱȴվ
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343 Ҫ
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ǵĿģֻΪػӡ˶ѡ
Ȼ֮ûˣǵľȴ˿ûзɣûʲôвң֮ǰҲǼעĿ˵ĵĲΪǺӡΪһ죬׼˶ãоԲʧܣһǰҲ֪ŭıӡ˻ʲôٶ
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ȷһ㣬һͫô֪ģֲҪ۷
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Ǹ˵ʲôҲֻ֪ͻȻһ£ȥǰ
ҳ΢΢ȭͬʱȴǺһ̤˵һһ
һ֮ұо˾޴ѹһθ֮ǰֲһΪϵѹǰߵʮʹΪȫ壬ޱǱȴǵߵ˹ҪΪֵ
ֵҵıڵԪֱٵĿһ֮˫ȾͬǦһ㡣
ʲô飿ܸǣ
ԣȴǴ˵
ҿ˿ɫ֮ǰȻᾧ˷˴ʱ䣬Ŀǰֻ磬ڣһʱ䣬еڣ֮ǰΪ˷ܣûпǵһ㣬룬ԼȴеçײˣʱҿɲϼһĶ֣Ҵʱ䣬ͷ˵ҰǹأȴûиҺôвʣǰҪ˵
ϵɫһͣû뵽ҾȻ˵ĻʵȴǹƨҲɵҪʱͷɫһһ˹Ҫʲô˵ܸǣ
˽һæǰһ
˽֮ͬɫ䣬һҪĳ嶯ǵɫص죬ѶǸÿ˵ΪģΪԽߵˣҪѶҲԽߡ
˵ΪȫҪȥֵҲûжԪҶˣ
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˱Ҫɱҵģ߽󣬲һһ֮ĿֲΪȫסģΪһиҪųȥǺڲѣ֪ˣ֮ǰͶɱңһʱĴ⣬ȴ鷳ɫ˸ɫһҩӦоУҪʲôܹ
üһܶΪҪⲫļưĥԼܵսٿȻϣӵϼһǵĴͷҸϽǰҪ룬ȴû뵽Ȼһ룬ûнֱӵȥ
˷ҵǱץסӽͬѹҲǵϣɫһȻһ롣
ҧߵһ߲оϣѾڵļˣǰߣ¾Ҫʹˣͷ˿գȻûڣϼһ˵ǣ֮ǰȷصı֪ˣǰ·̫ڼѣҸ߲ȥֻҪұ뿪
һŰɵĿңһʵԵ棿
ܻһ۴ңٺʲʵ߽֮Ҳûôˣǵʵо˼ѣǲΪпܳԽӡˡ
˵ǿ϶˺ġ
˶һۣ촽΢΢ϣȴûȻôؽ
СƭȻֱסֻҪһٲ֮ǰǾܶɱ
Ҳд⣬˵Щ
ϣ˿ҵĿҲ
׺ϵ룬װ˼ģ֮˵֮󣬾ҪҲ֣㱦ҲǲС
˵ƭɣȴ¶ĵЦݣǰԵ棿
һϵش𣺡Ȼֻ̫࣬Ҫ

Ц˵Ĳ⼸ѾдϣҪ߹ȥǿɵˣ䱸˵ǰ˵ЦˣǶҲûЯʲô
׺ϵһЦ鵹٣ժһöɫСӣСޣ˵ɽӣ
ԣһҡҡͷ
׺ϵָָСӣνɽӣָе˾֮ʩչһֶΣֽȻ֮ӶȻ֮ͬνɽӣǽӶȻ֮뵽ССĴ֮УƵĹ̼临ӣҲ꣬Ƴôһôڴ
ֻǰƴСһСӣȴǴͳһⳤݣλûǶһöɫ飬ҵͫһ˵飬һ
Сӣȴֲʲôˣӣı
ҵУε¶̰֮ɫҪҿˣҪӡ
ڲƭ׬ˡ
ȻܣЦ˵ӴֻһҵĴռ䣬Ҳнеıˣ˵ĸαˣҲӵУô㣿
׺ͳһɫ⣬˵˱⣬֮ν˱ָǵŰ˴䣬дҪ䣬˴
ȡһССϽƬҶ԰˵ƬҶӣÿһƬ̺󵤣н磬һãʮǰżȻ񡣡
һһóֻʱң۾ҲǺˡ
ЩҶҪ


344 Ʋ¶
Һأ˫Ŀͨ죬һʵģ˵֮ζŨӡΪɢޣ޵ʼûš
һ˶ԴмΪ˵Ҳɾͺȴһ񱣬Ǳģȫʱ˵ԭЩռҲʮ꣬ǴӲʾˣһֱԼʹƹš
⵹ǿϵʱǱӡ˵ˣۼһռÿһó˵ǱӡΪƧ͵֪Щأо仰˵ģ󲻻磬ҹУ˿гɾ͸У˿̼⸱ģȴĻ󳩣㲻ѡ
һĽó
̣ɲ⼪ףǹʱŵر֮Ҳٻʮʱ䣬ڽ޸
飬зŽһǧͬʱըǻûзҲп

֮óӵ̣ʵ޻ʵȴ˷룬֮ʣ飬ͨ⣬Ө͸Ǻÿˣ̺ȴǾˡ
һҵĴռ䣬ܷŵĶҲ֮࣬óҲƷ֮ǰȴǲ˼ΣˣҵҲѾ׺ˡ
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ԺһͷܽЩȫǵòеıҲֵƱˡ
ϵҶģ԰һֽһʵıȫ˽ӴϵƳңôǲӦһ
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׺ϵ̰Ĵ󶯣Ѿ˾裬ջ˵Ȼҹ
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˵Ѿ˱㣬ջֻǸӽķʽѣҲûָһյЧţֲܸϳˣǺαذ㹻㣡
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ϵЦΪԼ
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˵ȰǱ׷׷ҷ
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̾һֲô޴Ƶãǿء
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ҵͣǾòԶ׷֮䣬һʱ죬ȻѾ뵽һʮһΪߵ˿£Ҫ֪ѹǶˣҲǴ粽УȻڷϥǴϢ
ָָգ䣺Ϊ˰
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ڣ
˸Ӳ⣬⾿ʲô˼
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Ҵҡڵĳ߹ȥ˾ֵķ֣粽еĵطҾȻǱȽɡ
ǵ;ʹˣֻΪڸǵƣ˿̲ܶΪֳѹ͸ɳͨͷһҾٲãô㣬ʰҲû̫ѡ
򵥣ҲЧķʽһȭͷͳϵ˹ȥסԺ˽ӴƲ¶ףǱģȻпһˡ


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һֲõԤðĭһ˲侹תӣֻҪӳʮ֮⣬ûôѹˣʱôҲе㷴֮Ը׷ȥֱø첲סĲӣȻһקסİ׺ӣܵУֱӽĺγʹɱĲҽС
ԶѾ˶ٰʮıӡҲˣͷһͿ𾪵һĻ
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֮ǰһֱȫȫĳأûйעߣǱʶѾһİʮߵôǱˣܶвΪѾ֪Ѷˣû뵽һͷȴѾڽӽٲĵط
ҽϼһﰴһȭȭŹǣûŹһ·ϣҲ㹻ѻˣθɴȫй˸տʼţȴ̲סг

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Уò׵ٰʮ˿뿪ǰ
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ΪǶٻоʹͲʣûȴǷЦ֮
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ҼûгЧϼһƴˣһʱ֮侹޿κΣֳӲϼһȴһƣϥһֱӶ֮䣬ɱĲҽУ͵ҳûһѾͽӴץС
ң˻ҡ
һֻű֮һָֻңɫŤһһȻٺһ
һ˻νӴǵһЦȻתߡ
˴һһƬ޾ĻںޣһȣҪö԰ڣȴ鷳
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ҵƣľͣҹңӵſȻʿ㲻ҵľȥˮûϵ粽ƣұΪƻһֱǰߵӡ֮ǰһʯǽֻһٰʮҾ͸о˳
ƺôļ򵥡
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һ·Ƕôļѣû˱ˡ
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һҪڶһûжֻͷ͸оһɽѹӿɫһ䣬Ͻϥڵϡ
ӡ˸ŰʮϷʵĿң㻹ΪԼܹ첻ɣٲ󣬿ɲܹߵġ
˵ʵѾǾ֮ӡ˼ʶ㣬ȴҲҵʲôʱĿʱܱ𾪵ǰʮߵ˼ѵңȻܹߵٲⲻ漣ʲô
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ٲ֮󣬸һֵĸо·µ·ͻȻһ㣬˶һ㣬һж޷Ρ𷽲̧ʱĸоҵӿ⣬һ˲ҸоԼ˶ˡ
ɲѹ£ҿӡˣһǺԶģȵӰңǱһϵôһжˡ
ǲߣҲ¶Ц⣬ע֮£óССĽӴ

֮ӡ͵һ飬ͷĳ嶯ȭͷס˵
ҵĶܹģ
סӴòŭ𣺡ôеıҽɡ


346 
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ӡ˵Ȼ֪ʲô
ʱǲ̫ܣֱӳϣҵ˵ͷ˵²⡣
ӡ˵ɱӿܹɱˣֻѾ˼ٴˡ
һĪļȸУñӡԼе㲻ţѲǱʶҾǾСܶв𣿱ӡ˾ԼĹо΢΢仯ĵȻԼ̫ڽŵԵʡ
ƽԼϢ˵ɣ㡣
˵ֵʱлǴżֳζȻܹߵǸλá
ӡ˲ңȴЩģô౦ﶼߣȻһҲʹɲԸ񰡣֮еıҪ
һμᶨҵĲ²⣬Ҳ̲صĶ롣
Ҳ۾ʼϢٲһµ㣬֮ǰҪ׼
СʱҲ۾ӡˣȴٴ̤һ˶ٰʮεûлͷ񣬽еľһϣѾ͸ҵС˼ҪķʽòĻдƻǰĽ࣬ȴЩ뵱Ȼˡ
ԶԶĿվСʱѾҵľ۷壬ҵľһ̤һһȵµʱû̫ĸоǵֻվȺѹȴɽӿ˹Ȼ׼ȻЩӦʶͬʱȴǸоһǿҵų֮⡣
ٲ֮ܺˣһ˳㲻ˡһ˴˵ص죬Ȼһ㣬̤һҾ͸оԼߵÿһǱŵġ
һ߳ʮСʱľȫͷţ뱦ӡ˵ľѸ
˵Ų⣬ӡʵϻǻżעҵģһ߳ʮʱ̶΢΢֮¶Ϸ֮ɫ
һ˥ߣ㲻֪
͸һһʼ̰ףңңȣʵȴǴԼھˣʮ֮Ҫһʱ򣬾͸оǱסƵãã̧Ŷޱȵѡ
ˮŴŵĵ䣬ҲԼϵʧҧ˵ʮһһµʱһĹ죬·ܲסصһ㣬ʶѾ˼ޣǰǼϥ¡
ϢҲ⣬Ȼڣ־ĥôǰƣҸоԼţȴһһƣִҾһ亹

ҽԪ̽뵽Ӵ֮Уȡһƿҩⵤҩ֮ǰϵչʾ˵ⶫлԪϳ鵤һҩ˻ԪʱԪݽߣдڵڶһ
ûԥֱӽһŻԪУҩڼһӿڡ
ʵҵԪݽߣֻǱ˵صѹƣãеѹ⣬ԪֻΪԪõš
Ǹ⣬ʱʿӿǾĵԪҹȴǹ֮ϣԪ˯һ㣬Ǳڵ֮УʱŻḴգҴ˿˻ԪһɹɵԪ˲ӿ뵤
Ҫ֪ԪԪ൱Ԫܺͣܺεⵤɳ̶ȣ֮䣬еԪѾˣԪȻƴӿţȴǽ˯Ԫѹı˹ǲʼԪԴԴϵӿ룬ȾԽ
ڣ֮Ԫѹ׵ĵһ㣬Ȼʹӵе˳ȥ̾ͳ˾ҵȫʡ
ʿе˫ޣҲеศȴûмаģҵԪͷˮײһ㣬ķӦԼЩϣҾеÿһ䣬Сģײײ۵һ̶ȵʱ򣬾ǶҾ޴в
ҪűӨļ˿ȴǱſһ㣬鲼ϵѪܣë֮иѪҺ޷ݵľʹӿҵ¶һĨ֮ɫȴѸ̤ʮڵڶʮһʱ˷·𶼱ѹ壬ſ˵ϡ
ԪײĶ֣˿Ѿܣٴ˻˵ҵһƬ꣬Ҳ䣬ˡ
ȴ¶ϲ֮ɫһã
ʤѾ˵Ҵ˿̵״ȫݣ
ҪԽӡˣͱҪûбѡ񣬵ȻҲƩ˿̣вµľ޸ҲƵľ޿֣ŻΪ
ϧǣôĴۣҲֻ߳˶ʮ뱦ӡˣʮಽȻӽ࣬ʮಽȴѾǼˡ
۲ڵ֪ԼôˣͺȼǱһһλУǴˣǱѰ·ˣ֮ǰɹҲЩҡ
СӣӦʩչĳطʱڱǿ⣬ȴȻ޴֮٣֮·ҵҪߡ
ղһ߳ʮʱ򣬱ӡʵҲǵģ˿ȴǴſеٴƽеϷζŨ
Ҿһ⻬ˮ󡣬ÿһιȫԼڸԼЦ
ӡôʱ䣬Ҳû߳һ΢İģʵʱ׼ܵ׼һҪӽٲ־̫ԶôֻˣɽȻҪ׷ɱңҲûκΰ취
򲻵ѵľٶ޸ҲҪһʱ䣬Ҵӡҵ鷳
СڸʲôϷʵ΢΢仯¶һĨɣΪȥʲôڣóһʵ⣬ɫȻࣺ֪С


347 
Ҵأأȴڸո֮ҹһ˿ضûиңңɱعسϵĺڹңҲ㱻ɽȺʿŪ
ӡһ·ϵĽӴԴ޵ʲôʱĿӹʵǿʱ޿̵ĲвĩˣʲôôҲ̲ҧгݵ˵
ߣ˺֮ҿҿһΣҲȻ
³ɺӿͷټԵϲҽ˱ó֮ǰȻǸñȽԶУ˿ϸϸ꣬˱һʵ⡣
⣬ǺõټʣһԵıаҲ˵ǹ٣Ҳܱһ
һĺñ佣ȴһֱȱ⻹ǽҵȼü֮ʵⱾϻңǵ̵İ˱
˱гɰ࣬һ𣬱Ǽ˼˱Ƿ֮Ϊƿǣ˫㣬ȵȣ˿ȫϣÿһ֮Уһ䣬Ű˴䣬䣬ȵȣǱаǾģǿ˵Уд˰˱ʡḶ́˴֮
˱⣬ҼĹЧķټ䱾ͺϲҲϲ֮
˱⣬ʱӹ˶еģʱֻ⻹ûа˱ҶŴƹˣ룬ƭЩŪòһ𣬾ԼûãȻˣ֪ΪβԼϡӡ˼ץҲûбȺãֻһ㣬ǱϲռӴĴۼһ˶ҪⶫȴܻѴľƣͼֻΪ˷Լİı
ɢʱ˵ıӡˣڳΪ֮Ȼĵıԣ⼸ڽӴеıÿһͷ⣬˿̼а棬оԼķ·һֻסսϢ
⻹꣬һ룬ɴ˫ۣеĽеУУ
ԭѾҧָ⣬Ѫڰ˱棬ͿϾӨ֮ɫʣ˱ѾҵļǺţպŸҵʱԽԽã˱ҵϢҲŨͨ
͸Լ˶ʮŮͻȻ䱻ƭһӡĶڵѪҵÿһǵһ㣬һĹġ
ʮ֮۾˱Ĺ䣬ӡ۶Ǳߡ
Ȼ֮ǰ֪ӴҵУЩҲҴߣ֪ۿȫָоӡΪԼܹͻģʵϣȴǸ߹ԼЩ£֪һٶʲô
ҴӴȡһǶĽϵóı
⽣ֵɲǣұоһɺ⣬סʱ򣬸һɿ֮⡣
н顭
ҲǷһ֣Ҳ飬ԵĽ󣬲⹵ͨʱԵнĽ٣ǰѣ衵ѣҲн飬衵ĳȴصĽ֮⣬ѽƺֻΪƳĽ飬ͱеŮǱգųΪ飬ѽĽ飬ȴǲͬɭӡ֮ǰϢһķ
촽ֱؿǼ˱⻹꣬ŽǶ飬öҲһȴ˽ںϵһ𣬸飬ľǸо˴ʹ֮⣬ſʱȴѾѪ
ƾŹ⽣ҵģҵģӡ˴У˫Ŀ֮Ǽ֮⣬ܹˣȻֱӳһѽ˽ߣΪ⽣Ҳ֪һ˽׵ʱżȻʼֻǾ⽣ĪڿⷿҲûȥᣬʮ֮ڿȴֳʣʮ꣬ȥɱȻٹʮ꣬һö龹г⽣֮ϣʱӡ˱֪⽣Ƿ𾪵ǵʮ꣬˽˽飡
ѽ˵ǰװ׼񵽵ģȡıͬƾ˵УԼ۹ҵıĿеĵλߡ
ؼǣϵʮҪˣ֮Լû⽣ԭҲҪʮʱ򣬿ѽ᲻µı仯
ڣһжˡ
Ŀѵע£ͬǵѪƾ䣬н鸴գѾҵϢ
佣Ȼûн飬ȴ֮⣬ɱǲǿ֮£ƾȴá
ⶫִ֡ӽӴȡһһûŵֻܹһ׵Ĵռ䣬ռһ롣
Ź֣״úܳ󣬾ʱӪһ㣬ƤܲȳƣɣҲˣֲȥ֮ϣȴֻǳƬҶӣҶҲҶСĩһЩݻƣڻĽҰ⣬ҿֻǸ˿ע⡣
ӡȴޱȵĿĲ˵Ǹɣ˲ʮС͵󷨣
ԣӦ˵΢󷨣Сָֻ׸ǴСЩֻһãǾǱˣǵ֮ǰϵ˵ʲôȴû˵
˱ⶼûôõıʩɴ˿ɼǱӡںġ
Ȼó˲䣬ӡ˵԰ף￩һͷҵ񣬾Ƿһ㣬ƻ󷨣ȥƤ֮ʱȴǱȵβ͵èƵãһ
ס֣Сӣס֣㲻
ȥС󷨣סңָһͽƿЩʲôã佣ĽȥһƤƤʱоϼţϾµƤ֮ǰһģһ·û˿仯
ҵ۾ʱһ
㽻Ķ㡣


348 Ѫ
⻰ҲûЦָָԼ˵Щҵģƨ¡
Сӣô޳ֵܵزЩһѼŪġӡ˸Ӽˣ˫Ŀ֮б鲼Ѫ˿Щÿһͷ⣬ҵֱǶ֮˵̷
ģһӦӦҳһ˵ҪĻҵռĿ꣬ȻУԱԼҲǷǳˬģо֮
ССģѽѽҪŪ㡭Ļð˳ſ֮ʱǴź֮ɼʲô̶ȡ
к֮ʱʵһѺһһľ߳ŭǰתͷʰҸô죿ܲܶһӰɣȻдǣ촽Ǹı⣬ٴ̼̼
㿴ҽʹӦ˵ⱦ˭ģΪӡ֤֮ǰ˵ĻҺƾ˱ⶼǷâΪӦһķӦһȭ˱ӡ˵ؿڡ
ѽѽֱлһĻѵʶѾԼˡ
ڣĺڰҵģͰҾţô顭ӡᣬż½߷ڵϵʱȴɫٴα仯Ȼżְ󣺡˵һҪ£ĶȫߣҲҪԷѪģ֮Բ׷㣬ֻҪ
ʲôģһˣȻҪ棬ֱӰҡķӦ˵˴˱⣬һҸղƤľٶ̼ѲǶҪɣ֮ǰϵᵽһ䣬ƬҶӣÿһƬ󵤣ҵĿֱӷҶϡ
ҶӿݻƣҸŵʱ򣬾ȵķҶӾȻѸٵĿʼήÿʱǻָԭȻǿݻƵģ
Ҹ˵㲻þͲҪãһãˣˣǴ˰ҵľٶǣűӡ˵ģŭ֮ٴδţҶӣǳһ˺ȴû뵽ҶӼ쳣þȫ£Ҳûн˺
ȻһĻȴǾ˱ӡˣܻĿңĽкţЩ״ˣϡۣ˵ףġ
־˼£ͼҶӰεӡŭᷳ˵﾿ʲôͷ㲻˵ֻһƼһѻҲǲܡ
½еĵȻҪյҪյӡ˫Ŀͨ죬һѪûýĺڰ֮գΪԺıȰ׳Уӵɽȴ֪Ҫյƽʱ˵˵룬ӡ˶룬Ϊһֻ棬ۡ
ҵĶҰվգë£ҺһòҪǶľͻƿڡ
˲ʱ䣬ҵľҲ޸߰˰ˡ
֮Գ֮ΪΪ֮죡ӡֻ۾ţ˵ţܹĲʺΣҪ꣬ɳ곤ҶӣҶӣʹ£ǰһд֮ǸʱǾѾڹż֮еõϢ׷Ѱʮ꣬ҵһ˿ͬǣĴ壬û䣬èСèֻҵȻǲǷ΢˵СֶΣͰŪУҵõʱʮ꣬ٹʮ꣬ǵİ꣬ʱƬҶӻ䣬Ἧȫ۳һö
֪ʲôǵܹ˾ʿͻƵıӡ˵ﾹȻżֿȣ˾ҲΪüΣ䵱ˣǿ൱½һȻҲ֮ΪˣǸһֿ䵱ɵˣԼɽŵȣǲʮǧ˾ÿͻһ㣬Ǿ޴
ʲôáȴƣͻƵģҾ⾳绹̫ңԶ¾ЩʧⶫҲ
˭˵ûõģҵ񣬱ӡ˾һæ˵˵ǵöҶӣ̺Ϳ󵤣ֻڿ񱩣а취Ϊͻͽ
Ҳ˵ֻҶӶˡԣǰһ
ô˵ûӡĪо
Ȼһ̣˫ĿȻɵùԲ
ΪץסƬҶӣԪȥǳ˳ģû֮ǰ֮̽⣬ֱӾͽƬҶ°Σȴ˵ֿݻƵҶ׻˸ȻǾҵҡüͷ壬סʹҶʹһקͿƬҶ䣬µ˲䣬ȴǻɫ磬һѽץס˽Ӵ
ӡ˻ûüŭܻ鷢ˣҰƬҶ֮󣬾ȻǽӻۿɼٶȿήȻҽֱӶ󣬾Ƕһ㣬ǽСս˽Ӵ
Ϊ⻨裬ҲǷ
㣬㣬㡭ӡ˼ˣڳƵ³֣ȻһѪ˳
ҼһĻһϲæȡıƩ̣ƩǱ飬ȴҲûзӦˣֻޱԹңĿ⣬Ҳ
ˣҲˣЩ֮ֻǿϧҵĵûˣԺһ취ŪҰοţĵѪĸоŨ˵һ仰ʱѾǲį֮
ҵòҲûзӦˣЩڣ֪ĥһһˡ
ڣȴǺԣѾתӣƺٹң׼ǰˣȻУ֮еıǸҪģԶԶʤЩ
ȻѾˣҵǲһЩֵ£ֻǰ·ҲüͷҪô׷ϵأ


349 Ѫ
Ұ佣ŽӴУȻڹɱԣ佣ȲƾѽȴҲԼܸ֮о⽣򵥣Ҫ߱ȽϺá
ºҲŰ߷ǰ·˿Ѿҹһּȵĸоڰǰֻһ·ǾҪⱦӡ˵컯ȫɾȻǸճɹôһ£Ϳ϶׷ɱҡ
ʵɲɹҶ϶˴鷳٣ҲҪֵá
԰ɡĿӹǰ·ʱ䲻ˣǺʱ̫࣬ӵ죬ҲҪսҪֱʧˣǿѹὫֱӼѹȥ
˲ǰٶ̤һ
ʲôӡ˵룬ڵõı֮һ¶Ȼ뿪жԶ߶ԶղĥҪʲô취ңô׵ߣȴе㿴ˣѲѹûߵͷҪǰ
ֱǻ֮ӡһ޴̶ֳȣʮǰһһû߹ʱ򣬶Ǽޱ
Ȼȴ飬һ֮ѹӿҵĸоһ㣬˲ɫŤ˫³ڴ˿̣˱ȴǷųӨĹâΪҳеѹϰ˱ǹ⻪˸зһһףȴѹĵ
ڴ˵Ϊ޷û٣˱һȴûƣϸİ˴䣬Ϊҽ˴鷳
˵֮ǰǿһɽߣôڶһףѾˣĹѾ̤
Сҵıҵģ֮ǰôû뵽ð˱أӡŭ죬һĻòƽǲǳ鴤ѣղűĵ޵ĶȴΪ˼¡
һ߳岽ڶʮʱͣסΪҸо˱Ҳ˼ޣǰߣֻҪѺۣȻǸողŵ֣Ѿõͷ˱Ŀ𻵣
ǣôߡãȻˣ˱⿿סˣ֮ǰܾ˵ķҲˣһ·ҼķӶˣļʮȻͬǵһ㡣
ҽסӡе·ҵһйĵ㣬Цָǰ
ô֪˰ɣͶȡǲܵģļʮıһ֣ԼȥƾʲôأȻеĻ㱾СܹԶأӡĶǳܹߵһѾǳԤˣ󣬾ǴҲˣΪ·;ҲԼ֣οһ粻ΪҲأ
СӸòô˰ɡҾվԭ˼ӡȴͻȻ뵽һԣ֪Լûϣһ᲻ֱ˳ȻԶ߸߷أȻ˵ˣͨ󣬿Ҹɽţôҵõ
˲ҪҵЩĸζϣǱҪġ⣬СӵĹлĻҲһҪߣ˵ǲô뿪ҵøһϣӡͨҪ취ҵסò뿪ߣʵڲУߵʱҲǿԵģôһܵĽһ㣬˵ܽҴס
̾Ϣǰ״Ҹо˾˱ĹâѾǿˣǰߣֻܼ֣Ҳֲסˡ
Ȼʱ򣬱ӡȴͻȻ˵ˡ
Сӣ𣿡
ӡ˵ڣҵоȻźɸֵζ
ʲô˼
Ҳһʲôãʶľ
ҷȻ㣬ҲܣԵҵõȫƾԵ֣ڹ㣬ҲԵֵˣ׷㣬ϣһӵЩˡôѵҪͲ֪еı𣿡
ӡǰ仰˵Լ죬Ҵ˵ֻ꣬һջ˵ź仰
ǲӻˣ
Һķʡ
㣬ǧѪ裬רһ˼ĵƵģڴ˵ṩۣ֧żȥܵһҲǿѪ衭ҲֱӶһöƿϺЦ
ҽӹƿƿǣʮöɫҩ裬֮ǰӡƺȷгԹƵĵҩֻǲ֪ΪҪңĿ˼ˣⵤҩжȻթ
ԣҲ㡭ӡ˶ҵԵҲеƣеͽʣ·Ϊ֤һ㣬óһöѪ裬ʹ£Ȼٶǰһ
óһöҩ裬ڱǼᣬҩһ̱ǵζᵽ֮һȵȴ˳űǻӿڣҾһɴ˿ﶨȻ棬ûжҵǲģҿǰٶֵġ
һҪʱ䣬Ը뿪ĥŪ˱ӡ˵뷨ϼһﵹǴһֺ̡
ҩ裬ȷǸһ·д߶ʮ
ֻǶʮ֮أ
ķ˴ʱ䲻˵ȴҲ𲻵κã䵽ˡ
УҪİ취
ϥţ˼֮ߡ
Զıӡ˻ͷһۣϥ£˼ҩʵԣһЦҲȥܣǰڼоʱȴҰѵγһĻһĸαʧñӡԳ֣Ŭ˺ܾãûгЧ޺޵Ҽ䣬ת⿴ţȴǷ֣ҾȻϥţһƿҩ裬ͰԱߣȴûпһۡ
С˵ĥʲô⣿
ӡ˵ȴĪĸе


350 ʦͽ
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ոԺеķ֣
ǿֶʲôħ
置һΣɽʿǵһսħ֮ģҪϳΨһܹ뵽İ취ħˡ
ħɲôġļǵү˵Ļ˵ħɲһ£ǰ滹ãֻиãǴһˣ˵ҲᱻӰ죬һħԳԣôͱѩʬҪӡ
үڸҵĹħʵǿħԵĹ⹦ԭ򣬱ǿҵĸãͬģ⹦Ҳ⣬ͱ֣ħ˼Ͼܿ⹦еаԣҲ֪үǴ⹦ֻ֪̫пܻᵼڵħǿ
֮ǰҶǳֹģ˸֮󣬱û⹦үҲңޣȻ˿̣ȴǶˡ
ǸĲħɵӰ죬һεӦûеıͱӡ˵вȴµ飬ħô־ʲô˼Ѿ˾ʵ·ˣӡ֪ɽʿǣڻţҲܹ֤Լף߳ȥҲ·һ
ؿ϶ûлڹؼʱˡ
һΣر룬ôһжֵãսȭͷ¶֮ɫҪȻǳм˵󵤣Ҳֻһѣ֮󣬻и鷳顣
ǱǮ˵ȴ㣬ûôʱٳɳˣڵǣֻϦ
˵ŵˣ˼ǻħݣһһ߶ŵͬʱھһϢ·õٻһ㡣
˿վҵǰϸȻᷢҵϳһĺɫ·İ̺һ㣬·ħԵɫʣʱле
ŵɭӡҲл˳һ֮ʣγһСкģСкͷϳŽǣǸһģһҵɫתãΪҵϣоͬϤ
ҿɲ֪滹и˶һ⻽ħһʼͣס
ҵγͻأĳ֣˺ܾһ㣬ҵĸƢ࿪ʼĳֵ֣ĺ˳⻽ħĵһţҾôľˣҸе죬·Ҳǵһħ֮ǰһ㡣
Ǹ״ûзϡ
֮УӿźɫϢԹһɲڵħԣ˿ʵʻǵõ׼ӵ棬ȸԾַ
Ҳ֪ڴ˿̾ǧĵطȴһ·
ŽһǰţһװǺ壬Ψұۣȴǿյģֻг߶ڶ
үѾȺܾˣһƬڰɭ֣Լİͽһ׵үҲ¶һ˿ʹϧ֮ɫ
ľ𣿡
˵ͷı仯ܴ置Ǿһ涼ûмѾ뿪ˣʱȻ࣬˿̿ȴǷǳͷңҲ֪ûйιɫĺ°ͣ˾һʮꡣ
ʦ˵õ𣿡
⸱ģүָҲ΢΢ָһƬӣʵ
֮ǰǸ˵ģƬӣǹϵ֮أЩеĴ壬ضʱ䣬ɳԼļӵܣ֮أܾ飬ųˣÿһעеõ˻ԵΪемǣӣǳյأȥ֮ˣܻ߳ģʮֻһˡ
ţһʼûйκεĲһֱƽˮүµʱ¶һ㲵Цݡ
ʦ⻰Ѿ˵ʮ˴ˡ
үһ̶ŭһƾϣǻǰ϶㿪һỹϲľȻҴƣڣûжƾү˸ʵ֮󣬾үԼˣץסյӺ
ܲеϢǶ˸첲𣿾Ͳܻ𣿺ö˶˵ģҪط֪֪Ҿôһͽܣ֪ôʮˮӾͲˣ
΢΢һ飬ү˵
ʦʮҵˮƭҽˮ㣬˵ûΣյġ
£ȷүЩ飬תһ룬һĹȥӸ˵𣿡
Լ׵ʦȴů⣬һү˹֣˵
ʦӦöңһֱۣĻɺܴӰģ־ֻ˵ǸģҲܿųսԼȴֻܶɱҡԣʦ𿪶ҽȥһԣ죡
үŸԼİе̾ϢһԼӣǳˣ֣ڰӡ
Ӧûڣӣǹϵ֣֮ҴѾˣֻЩյм壬ʸ˽ӡº󣬽ӣţһסӵ飬֪֪֪֪ܸκˡ
˵ͷүȭȥȻȻתƣ˫ĿȴȼŻ棬̤ڵӡ
үӵֱӰʧ
ʦͽߺһƬڵӣҲʧ
Ҵ˿̣ȴ۾ֱңȻ󾪣Ϊҵ۾ֻ۰ףȴû飡
۰Ѫ˿һȻƣ


351 ȫߣ
С˵ڸʲôãÿҪʱԺǻԼıﱻ˶ߵĻ棬ĵıӡ˵ֱجΣò׾ɢ㳢ǰһʱȴָожֻͷһȴǷѾվ
еѪ˿һںһ𣬵еѪ˿һŵʱ򣬾γģ飬ȴҲѪ졣
ǰħͬڵȻħǣȻڣ·Ҳûбɣǻħ֮ƿħԣǱħԿ壬ȻҲֻѣħĴԽ࣬ƿصķΧ
ƺϣˡǰ·ʱеѪһɢ󻯳ޣҿһ֮⣬ƺƽʱûʲô
ڱӡȴǷұˣ䣬Ҳ˵ϣ֮һֺܲĸо
Ҫǰߡӡɫأǰ棬¶˼ɫ
Ȼһ룬ǰһ
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ӡҵĲÿǰһǲ֮ϣÿһ̧֮ʱĬܳɹ֮ǳĬȻ˵ѹȴǼ
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С˵㻹Ǳˣ֮ǰڵڶʮҲǼڣʮɲܹġңЦЦ죬ȻżֿɬڶУԾúЦһüҲǺ˵ȷϾҪԵ⣬ҵɫܿƽ
ǰżϾ͹㡭˵
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ҽЩħȫܵһֲͬеĸоڵϢȫǲʱҲİһĨɣ֮ɫ
ħɣǹϵĴ˵ҲֹѾҲн磬Ѿ߱ŴħԾôѾ޷֤Щ˼٣ƩǿͲɣϢ֮Ҫãħһ£Բܶ
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ĵӡ˿Źң¶֮ɫ֮ǰĹصңѾһϵе漣һ˾ôҲӦи߰ɣ㱻Ҳܹʲôã˿̣ȴǲȷȻ֣ĺ󱳣Щ͸
ҵ˫ĿȻҲһͬʱЩɫ·ȫʧȭͷſıĿУǰ棬ĿԶһ˳ȥ
ŵɲǣǰһ磬ӵ죬̳֮Ǵ˿ľȻᱻ𣬴֮ϣңȴɽĶС
ֲţʮ󣬾ȻĻ桭ֻᣬеĸܣǿޱȣ֮ǰѾߣڣ»
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Բ꣬ⲻܣ
ԭʮ֮󣬾ֻͣٶһֱ߳岽ͣΡ
ƾʲôǸʱ򶼲⧲֮¼ʧܣΪȻʲô¶ûУɷ磿Ʒ磬ѵʧ˲ɣĵӡ˼ǲҽУ۾ͬɸһ㶶
ǰȼ˰ɡҿżıӡˣ¶Цݣٴһ
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㣡
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352 ͷ
ǰƺ󹧣ĸֵ쾡£ʵ˵һ˵ǷǳģɲҾͻ
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ǿûʲô⣬ǹɡҺǺһЦٴ̤ǰһ
С˵һԣģƲԳԷƣŲӸ㷭
ģ㻹ߣ̵ģߣ
СڣˣˣαҪ߹𲻵ʲôЧﵽʲôҲ֪һʲôأӡ˵͸ɽƵãϵ˿ЩҶߵ飬Ҳ֮ǰ˵Ҫɱҵԣ˵֮ǰЩԹֻǳԹѣܷŭȴûе£ҵΪǲȵ㣬ڣΪ̼ʱ
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ӦҲѾǳˣӡ˺٣Ѿ˺þãһ䶼ûȥҧҧǰߣ֮С
ΣһȵģֻҪܹһܽ⡭
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ҵٶҲҲֻǺ֮ǰȣСʱҲߵ˶ʮ˲ոǰѾվ˶ٰʮ岽ıӡֻʣ߲
ǰߣ̵Ļǰж𣿷ҪҲ̵𣿰ǵ˰˱Ѫùӡ˸оԼ͸ӳ¿Ƶãǲƴ۵ǰ֮ľ뻹Ǳˡ
˿̵ңʵҲѾ˼ޣħ֮ңߵʵҵľ޹ϵǵˣܹоһҶȻǿסģпǰ
վԭأüͷ
ѵ𣿡
ҵͣ٣ñӡһó²֮󣬻ǲţͣ˼ӣȻûжſЦ
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ЦûСüͷչΪҷԼһ
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ӡ˵ЦȻֹǱͻȻס˲ƵãΪ̫ͣ켱٣ʶĴ˸á
ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲôΪʲô
ӡ˴һƵļҪըԼô׳һѪ裬ôĶȻˣ͵ĻԼľߣ£Ѿ֪Ƕٴηˣŭ𣬻кίȫһ𣬱ӡһѪ
ҡҡͷ̳Ѫ裬ľԽԽ
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лǰȺҪˡվڶٰʮ岽˱ȭȻһ̤˶ٰʮһǰ㡣
ӡסˣ뵽᲻ᱻҳЦ˱Ц׼ҾôƵ˹ȥȴڴ֮࣬һɱӵУŭңȭͷס
ǰŸߵͬʱҲǸ
һͷ˿һѪ裬ٴ߳ӡˣȻҲûѪ裬Ѫ·˶ʮ꣬ȴȻվͬλá
뽫˦ϧһдۣҲҪǰߡ
ӡȭͷսĳǰţһУһֻǰʱȴǱĿֲһǵ˶پʮ
ңоԾƺɺ֮£ȼ˶־·;˭ǿ֮ľ־ȡʤĹؼ־ʢ˵Բһ¡
ǰ֪˵ħ
ɫһȴƽ˵


353 ʲô
磬׼ٽһıӡˣɵһ֮ȴӶȻͣ͡
˵ʲôңϲŭ
ʱ棬Ȼֱᷢӡ涼ǽӲ͸ʩ˶һ鶼޷Լ
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Īǵʧķ裬˵ʲôӡͣЦ֮ǰ
ҵĿߵȴȻָ϶˶٣Ц
ǰĲ֪𣿡
Ҳᡣ
߸˻ǿأÿһн綥Ϊһʱֻ̰ǹӲдԼȫΪʩչ
ҡҡͷΪ˵
ӡ˵һ٣תĿ࣬ң˵
Ϊʲô֪Щ
ڲαװ
һǰҵġƽڡ
˭۹ⶸȻ
˵ֻŵ㡭ЦһȡɭӡʾƵǰ˻Ρ
ɭӡǿݹ׳գȻҲ˵Υ˵µԣӡɫŤеɫ˷ŭ֮⣬Ȼһ˿־壬֮ǰﱻᣬܵвҲֻǽźͺڶѣڣȴѾǿ־ˣܣǼùģһȥֻǶһɨգпܱнӡ
ʵ㣬ҴҲǿݹǰģ֮ĹҲǿݹǰΪ׼һУȻֻƾԼʵֻǲߺԶȻ˿ݹôҲ˵һ㣬ֵڧ˵Ҳһ¡
ԭ¶֮ɫеɻƺõ˽һŭ㲻ǺöݹҲǺöҲûö
˵֮ǰʧıֻ֮Ļô˵ѾƵˣʮܣĹʹӶ֪ȴǱһڵ֮࣬ӿĻҪ糱ˮһɱ⣬ɱһȻ죬ٴζ˱ɱҵɡ
Ϊʲô֪¡ӡ˸оԼ˿ǣÿһƺ·磬ָо˵Щİʹ࣬ȭͷ߬ס³ɺӿ֮ǰļᶨ־䡣
ĿĴɵңȴһһɾȻ֮⣬̤һ
̤پʮ˲䣬ͬʱӿǼǿѹѹ˷ֱӼѹҵ壬ҵӾѪΪܵѹӰ죬Ҳ㱻ˣëȻֻסȭͷѹںҵ궯ҪҸйȥҧ˱⻪˸ҪΪҵֵȻ˵ȴڤڤһ㣬ƺһߣһ룬һѹȴǱĿ꣬ǰ˱⣬Ҽÿ죬˱ؽӴ֮УҩͷӬһתһȦ̶ҲûҵڣֱӹڵϣڵĹͷ죬·۶һ㣡
ʮˡѪʶӿȴɢ˵һҪꡭ
ƽֻ˵һ飬վվ˲䣬˫·زɳ֮أҪѹȥҵɫ԰ףӿѪȥȵվסһ
վ֮һ֮ҵĽŵӿ룬ҵ壬ֱӽҵüģҵʶ֮Уҿһ⣬Ǹţ
ҵõַ˲䣬֮ıӡ˸овԹ
Ҳõַóѣ
һ̤ǰٴǰ֮󣬱һҪֱӾſڵϣһѪдŽ֮ɫǲѪ
Ѿû·ˣӡҧ˫Ŀ֮û·֮ķ
Һˣʮÿһõַֻռȫ֮󣬲ܵõγɵǸֻ֣ܵʯĨĨǵѪĿǰ·ѾûκȡɵĿˣƾģҵĶ־
ȻֻҲ취ΪԶʮ֮󣬲ѣľ룬Ѿǵҵӿ֮ɫͽѪҺٶȷһȡԪ
һžܻȫԪĵҩȴƿУֱȥ
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Ԫҵںֱײ֮ǰ޸õľ䣬еǱϮһ㣬˲ըʲôʣԪɢڷӿҵһ㣬⣬ӦҪֱӳűģҴ˿̵֮Уȴһľ⾫ֵ˲䣬ķ·һӱøɱˣҲû˾֮ǰϢľҲû˿¡
һβҼǰڵһжˣȴȵҪըҲҽһҲǱɫѪ⣬ǿѹ֮£̤һ䶨֮һöɫַٶӿԺ֮У֮ǰһΪһ壬⻹꣬еķζŨڱӡŵע֮Уҽվһ³һѪϢήȥ͵ңҲøɱڵڶپʮ岽Ұڵϣ֮жѪʡ
ԺǶԱˣԼҲˡӡ˿ҵͷһϿɣ˲
ųص壬ڳϥơ
ѾǱùˣ𣬾ƻ㲻߲岽Լ֮·Ҳ׵Ļˣ㻹ʲôɱ̾ʲôʸӡ˵˵УʤߵĹâļʶѿҴ˿̵


354 ɱ̾
ɱ̾ڵ״ȷѾ⵽һĳ̶ȣƾ˭˵¶Ҫûȶݣ˵ﱻƣ𣬾Ϊ̵ģ˿ȴҲǺľ˾Ļ֮ȻгһĨȷƵʵ
ȷǿɱ̾
ɱƴôãͷʲôò岽еϣܹġ
Ҳ˵㣬Ϊ˶ҵ컯ôۣ󲻽ʲôòȥԼһУ
̾˵㣬ѾռϷ磬ȴ̰ˣ̶޷԰ΣҪ˵ȴȫܣã
ӡûе⣬еֻ棬ĹͷѾ˲õˣ̫ûֻڳһʵ鷳Сɫûܹ죬֮࣬޾ĺ¡
ɱ̾ûдԣٴʵǻ֮ǰһģһͬǣеĳζŨˡ
ΪظʣĪǴ̫Ѿ𣿡üͷţʱˣΪʲôܹЦó

ҴЦ֮㿪ʼԣǼѪ³ҵȻǳŪһͷűӡˣײʱȴķŭΪ֣ҿ񣬾Ȼ֮ǰ˵ɱ̾
ȻܹпԵģ
ÿɱ̾ȴÿЦ
Ϊʣҵģ㣡
³һѪĶס
ʲôϵ
ӡӳ鴤
֮Ѿվн۷壬Ķ󣬿أȴŶûСƽ˵
ƨôûţӡ˻Ϊ˵ʲôû뵽ȴǺЦ
ֻЦȴĪЩɡ
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һɫȻ㶮ʲôͲ֪ҡ
ΪʲôǿдЦţûţˣѾͷôһѡһ㣬ﵽ磬Ѿ㹻һǽȡһƴƴĸ򣬳ŸߵľʧܣȻ˵ŵϦӡ
أ㲻״Ҫ׷ߵľ磬ûţ㲻ΪԼܹԼͻƣȥʲħе˾ıӡˣ˵һɢޣһ·ûɣûгһޱȵļѰɣô·̣㶼ᶨڳɹ֮ȴʧȥģңǲǿɱ
ѾһȫҷԷθڳ衸ħ֮ұͷ߸ˣÿ˶ˣѾվߴΪȴǲ㣿ҲͰˣҪЩа̰Ĳô򵥵ĵЩΪߵ˾Ȼ
ӡϵסңȴסˣȻҪϣȻҪ˵ҽĶƨĿУȴƫƫ˹뵽ԼĹ
һͨɽ꣬С޸ĸΪһСûܹ𣬺Եɺ̤֮֮ţȻû˿ΪֻɢޣŰ뱾ȱĹЩɵʿ˵ɢ֮󣬶Ƕȥ˽ύ֮⣬εıӣȴûзΪһؤʿѾĳɹˣģһһվ˼۷ʱȴʧȥе󣬾ǱòԼ⣬ǳʲô
У˵治֪Ϊܰ˵ΪħܹǿʵأȴȦףûǿ󣬷Ϊɣ֮£Щ˽Ϊħɢȥֳݣ赽֮˵ϡˣȴʮ꣬ҪϲƽǺ£㵣Լ֮󣬱˷νıӡˣѾû˵ǿûеûţΪˣȴһֻ󡭡òɽҪȡȻʧܣȻңһͻû֮һСԽңⲻǿʲô
˵ҴЦÿһҪ֮ǰ󣬳ζʮ㡣
סڣ
ɫǺ죬ңץס棬ָ׸ѾȻûо쵽絶ҵĻֱӴĵ׵֮붼Ը˰ֱ˺ѪܵʵĿ֮࣬Щ־塣
ΪʲôҪסڣп̾û˵ˣǵ̶ֳȣռıﱻӶᣬĹʹӲȥҶٶಽȴ㣬ʲôֵÿҫ̸ĲƤʱƤȻܹôԼЩɣһȵ˵ݣ䣡
⣬һҪټһ䣬ǱǿЦɱ̾㣬ȻеӳЦңЦ֮
һ仰ŨŨĲм֮飬˲ס
ͣ󣬱ӡһѪϢȻ֮ί˳Ḷ́ټϬԴǣȴǽΪĶȫ˷飬һָָңȴ˵
ЦҲ֪ν㲻òϣҸƴܹһΪĳɹôӡˣֻһ䣬ɸңһΪζĲס㣡㣬ɸң
Ҷסͱ˵˵
ɸңɸҡ
һɺӿڰ;ѾɢʮİͽĥɾԽԽϧõһУʧȥң
˵صѹȻ䱩ʮĶ־ҡʱͱ񱩵ѹϣͿ³ѪٳʱѾڵһٲ
ʧȥʸ
нˣⶼɣʮС


355 ŵ꣡
ҾȻʧȥʸ񡭡ӡĴ֮ȴǱñŭȻվ˫ȭסͬʱӿ񱩵һƵ̳һٲŰ
ҪٴǰͬʱȴǱܣǵһһܾǰߵľٶ
ΪʲôʮǰҾ͵˽ʮʱȥ׼֪ÿһصܣռȡȻȴǱ֮Ŀӡ޷ʵôϷԵĳ֣ʧȥеϣ
˵ҿɱ̾㲢֪أҸıһеĹؼڣӡ񷣬оˣıôãҪ֮еܣħһжˡ
ԶԶңԹ֮⣬Һķ䡣
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鷳ˡ˵ص죬ǳҵԤϣܺˣⶼУԵ̶ֳȡ
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һʹҲҳѣӴŵ꣬˫Ŀ֮Ȼ飬һָüĵ˲䣬Լȴɢĸɾ
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Ǵɭӡ߳ģҸͲΪôһɭӡ飬Ϣһ޶ħ˵֮ǰħ顣
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ٽ˲䣬˫Ŀͨ죬ҪȴǱһĲס
ҼѾҪĽҪǳϣһ絶ʡ
ڴʱһƥĽȴǺӡ¶֮ɫжת󳷣ŲԶ׷ٶ٣˫Ŀ֮в飬ŭ
ղ˵置ļŮˣ˵˭


364 ģ
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ӡ˻һһϮ׷ۣŭ֮ʱӿ
浱㲻ɣһٶĻҺ£
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Ҫߵǰɽӡȴǵ£̧ͷָΪڿһ
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һĻñӡͫȻûкͽӽ֣˵ڶʮǰ֪ΪʲôͻȻΪʼͻͽѾΪɽһ֡
Ȼֵͣɽĵλȴߡ
֮ǰɵģЩԣһԣȴñӡľѣе鴫֣ȴǸӼս⣬֮ǰԭ뿪ˣͻȻֻʮа˾ǶԾԶˣҪɱһǹķٶȱ˶ߣ
̫ӡŭӡٱ䣬ۻҵĶȴǴ˾ĵ֮ͫвŭӡ
ȻӡɽӡҪǿĿϢڿۣһأȻֿС֮Уȴѿһ϶ԪһȻѹѹϵļѹȫըըǻ
ӡ̧һֲָĻϢŽӾҲɵʱ򣬽ӵ˱ǰ档
Ҫʲô
һԵңһĻǿҵΣУڱӡˣӸҵΣոоŨΪȫе飬֤Ҳ³Уµľַӣ˭֪ʲô顣
û˺ǳĿҵĲһֽڴվڱǰ棬ǵǳʱеɫˣȻŵȻ£¶޷ʧ

ӡȻµʱ򣬽ȴɱӿ۾Ѫ죬µͬʱ¶ȴǱˡ

ŭɢ۳ʵʣһָһ̧ӡգзŭֱԾ֮һն
Ҫӡײһʱȴ𾪵ķ֣ʧˣ
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ӣȴѾߵ˼£˼䣬Ҳ֪ܲҳڶܹ˽һˣ˿̳֣Ӱ·ʧͿɫĳȻųһƬϼ⣬ϼӡͽǺڰĻ֮ΪӻὫ֮ƽعȻ֮ǰɽɽ֮ǰҲôɵģȻȴѡΪΪôӲ
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ӡһֱ仯μѹ֮󣬻ӡ˲ըһС
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һ˵ڸʲôã
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ȻӭĲǱ貵ϼ⣬ӡ֮һ͸ͿϹѹ˺ڹ⣬һ޴İűӡ˾Ͷ˹
ӡɫɷףƿӡ޴ıƿչϺ֮⾡ɣУɫȴǸѿˡ
ΪʲôŪȥˣ
ӵ˷û˿¶ȣӡתȴǷֽӵĽѾҪ̵ؿڣͫȻһʱ򣬱ӡαˣȴٴδһöɽӡͼ赲ֻȴһϢ赲ˣӾһѪڱӡ˵ļ򱬿ʹһѸ˾룬ؿڣ۾š
벽ˣѾǰ벽ˣ
ΪԼľƣû뵽Ҳǰ벽ˣӡǿҵĴܸУȻҲѾ˰벽ˣָʵ֮ǰͬһˮƽߵģޱɱһȻռϷ硣
ӡ˵ٶȳ֮ɫӵ߳һ
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ӡ˲סˣָܻʵֻѡ˱ܣ֮࣬ȴǲͶҽһ㣬ֱӱָң֪
׺ݵ˲ҡ


365 
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֮з֮ɫضסīѣ

Ҷڳ˯֮ǰ̫أڻûлָ˿ȴǱһֱӾѣõδīݵĿ˿֮ſ˫ۣҵǰ
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һɽ߸ϵĽӣһֻǸͨСôܻнʣɿŽӵ״̬ȴ˵һЩΪû촽Ǳ˺ΣҶ͸һɴ֮⣺ĺҪɱң
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ᵽ置顭ૣ˵ЩҶĲͬѰҶֻǸͨˣľҺǲκνʣҶĻôֻһˣҵ۾ȻɴӿŵɫҿŽӣѿڶҪҵ£Ǹɽĸˣ
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ұε߻أɲ֪ΪʲôҶĿ־壬ɵȫʧһɶҵбһƬĿ⣬ҲǳŪҵĿ̵ŭƾʲôң
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뿪ˣ˴ۣƱڣһȥ̤置һش𾪣ʧʦ置˵ǸĵԭӣȻ㡣
ģûиģһֱʱ̶ԣºûлȥô϶ǱɽʱѰңһߣһƽˡҿȴʮǰҲûĵĲҡӵǱˡ
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366 
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һָӵҵļ䣬ǸҪ뿪置Ļ棬
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ԭΪң߳置ӵģ͵رʹͬӿģϲãԭҶˣȻûΥǵŵԡ
ǣΪûм
Ӳ⣬ҵļ䡣
ڣ˴ɽĴ壬˴нǸµĹ¡


367 꼰
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һĻñӡ˴ħ飬߶ɭӡҪҹȥס
ȻħȴһɲɭӡһӲһȦֶ㵽˱ӡû뵽ģһѪɶ˳ץɭӡŭڸʲôˣѾˣ


368 ֻ
Ҿ˵ңҲһᱳġҿһĻȴǴЦȻһģһħ飬սթֵСʲôΣյȥ֮ǰҵϣѾֳһˣûӡ˻ס
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Ȼӡ˱ŭһҪʱﻹ˵Ȼȴû˿ķӦȭͷһĽӽʱӲǰһ£ĵɳȥ
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¶֮ɫһָħɫǲ԰ףɱĲҽУȴǰһ£С룬˵˱Դ
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Ҫ֪ŵĲ´Ьģһ׵ûϣӡ˿϶ǻᷢģ
ǰס֣뵽һ磬е
Ҹ͡ת˵ͬ顣
ӡֻǰ벽ˣɱָʵǰܹԸ𣿾㲻壬ǷҶȻûлȥϣǰԲҵҵŮѵʧȥ¹ҪʧȥСŮ𣿡ּֿ˵ӣûõģĵ٣һСŮӦ
Ůһ٣ӿãһŮ
ʣʵЩңԶͻأĳֲ֣
ǵģŮΪ˸ûаսȣæпܾСŮԹѾˣСŮȥȻǻٵġһϿ˵⵹ԣнӰæҵİɡ
ûһŮӵӿϣ֮ɫЦȴЦ֮Ƶûָô˵㲻ˣ
Ҽæͷ
㣬ҷģ׼˴ӣȻҵҪ˵˼֮Ŀ˱ӡˡ
û뵽˵ֻҳвӡˣǶģûеֹӡˡ
ʲôϵӡԹĿһۣ˵ԾϣôãôܷأֲɵİѾԽԵȻҪȡһЩֶεġ
йϵˡĮһͷ׷ڷ衣
ǲأӡҧݣ²ġ
ôһսɡûκõͷƺһ㡣
ӡԣӡ˵ȻҪָʵһӲֹסͷɲȳ嶯飬ھԣԼǸҪһ㣬˿ңǲʣķⰡûˣվҪӡ˼Ŀڣðɣҷġ
Ѫġ俪ڡ
ӡ˵ҲȻӦˣȫϣҧ⣬³һξѪ
ұӡˣѪΪģ˺һëΪ
ѪģǶԼܴģѪ֮һ
ӡȻԹңȴҾѣȻɱңᰵңһڱƣ鷳
ֻǼҵвɳޣȴȻڡ
ȻˣҲ¼ˣŽ˵ǰҵı
óһ˵
͸㣬ʲô⣬ӻûȤӡ¶֮ɫҪ˵ۣȴûж٣佣ֱӾ˹ȥɭӡ䵭š
ħʶı仯ӡ˺ǣǴյҵĸǰЦӣһˡ
ûдǿ򽣳ӣǰС
ӿӡˣһ㶣ʲô
ָӴ˱⣬ƾ̣飬еҶ
ӡһ죺ⶼҵģ
Ҳ˵ǿŽӣӡţһȭҵϣüҪţһ̣Ҫָʵƴˣ裬ֱսĵߡ
գûӣֻǵͷӡ˽ѽӴ˹Ҽ£ɿҶ㻳Ҽǵú
ӡ˺һѵҶңɽתˮתСӣס¶ꡣ
˵ţתȥ
ıӰû˵ʲôһûüΪԼһȶģͿӼīѣУȻ˵һɽ
һ¶Ϊ֮ɫҸɽ֮䣬е㡭
ҡҡͷ޷
תߡ
ҿ˿˵ʦƢû취ֻøһɽߡ
ɽ֮ǰɽλȻվš
ڣǿӻӰ
³˵СѾˡ
׵ͷ˲䣬ȴɽ¶ЦλϣСֻˣ


369 ӡ
ʵнΨһӵʵߣ;ɽĻȨ
ٶȻɽˣûӭģڽӿ֮£΢֮ȴһ仰Ҳҿԡ
̸һ׮׮һĶ£ȴЦ̬ȣҪ˵ԶúãԼûȥãؼ꣬Ҳûеӽȥ˶ˣҪˣЦ󵤣ҲúãһڷҩסУɽʲôʱҪЭˣϱɱܣȥΪѱˣӼһȺɽǶˣ
һ˵˦ɽ
еȻҿ֮ǰӳֵһĻԺһһ֣˭Ҳɵ֪λ͵ǰɽ˵ˣûλȻɫףȴһֶ˵
ȻҲΪԣ֮ģֻˣܶࡣ
ɽ֮󣬽ȴīнҶĻȡĻǣҡҡͷһξѪ٣Ҷ壬ʱʵࡣ
ǳϣչ˺Ůӡӵ˵
ǳϿ˿ңһ̾Ҷ׼õΪˡ
˵˻ҪȽӸߵģҪ˵ʵɾͲ̫Զˡ
óʦ֮λλģɽҲڷ֮¡ճϿŽӣŸӣ֮£ÿɽеʹÿÿ𣬶ź
Ǹһֱڶû³¶ŭ֮ɫ
ЩȣƺȺϼһʦܷ֮ǰǵ̸ƺͲǺܰʦǶԽӱϹϾ
յʮŴʦٻԴҴ뿪ˣҷ֮󣬱ͬȥǾֶν˦ˡȴ֪ʦȥδһ
ʦʮŴʦ𣿡һæ˵
ԣճϽ䱸Ŀһۣ˼Զˡ
νʼҪ˳ȥǽȴסңҡͷ˵
޷ǳˣʮŴʦֻʧ˭Ҳ֤ѾˣΪƣûȥ֮ÿʮ꣬ͻһʦյٻǰȥѰÿһȥˣûлŻҵʦ𣬵Ҳȥ֮󣬶ġ
˹죿ΪλҪǰȥЩףôıӡ
Ϊʦͼ¼ʮŴʦϣֻʦܹеɽص䣬ʮŴʦʧÿһյٻʦҪûʦͼ¼ǵֵסջ󡭡˵
ԭˡʵôǵڼʦˣ
ճԥ˵
˵ڽӵʦ֮ǰһʦѾˣ׷ݵڣ͵ʮǰ顣
ʮꡭ
ʱ㣬ЩìܣҸ档
ɽƺϾ̫ãϾ漰ɵأձȽϺãûҪǳ˵˳
ǽԽұˡճһ˵
ҿԸһأԥŽӣûκαʾʵ˵Լ̬ȡ
ֶ˵ʵҲûռϵ̫ɽˮ͵иѣ˵һ£֮ǰ֮ԲӦҲΪǲȡƵķʽ
ô˵ӵеĲֹһ֣ճϻΪֻء
ҿ򽣳ӡ
һֱԡӿڣ¶ˣվ߳ԼĵǸ
˿ЦĵΪ˶ȹ
ҽشڸǣɽΣҵأɺʺǣ֮ʱдظ绢
˵Ҳͨˣǳ뿪ǵ͸ǳ¡
ߺ󣬽ָһ̧ҿڴɭӡ˳
ħֱӾ͹ڵϣӣˣҪɱңǰ沢Ҫ㣬ֻǵʱƴҲﲻʲôæҪͶǱߣʵȴȫģҾ͵һ͵ϮĻᣬҵ࣬˲Ӧװ
ЦЦһͲˣ˵ˣҪʶ¡
ħһ˭
ҿ򽣳ӣȭ˵ǰ鲻ܹ̣ܽҺֲ뽫ȥɷ취
ӵͷһѾͽħץ˹ȥ˺ѷεĲҽУһ֮У˵ԺٲֱԽϵ
ԣħɥйƤһ㣬˵ϡ
ҿҡҡͷɻ
ֱӽħ뵽ɭӡ֮УںڰﰵҧϼһﲻģСҲģôʯĳ֮ˣ˵˭
·˵İţֵʱħ˺֮⡣
ûҲȥˣƺҪ˵ʲôҿʵǰлֱ˵
˫Ŀ磺ϣһħ
û뵽ܿóԥѡ˵ˣֵεġ
ҽǰӵüͷšһ˵㽫ǻħһ顣
Զƺӷʲô
ȻһʱɫͱˣЦ㾭ĵˣֱҰģ⻽ħħԵģһʩչ࣬Ȼʧңħصʱ򣬾·ҲȲ㣡
⵹ܹү֮ǰѾ˵⻽ħ⣬Ըӽ¡
ȴҡͷⶫǻģ㲻þܿסģһΣգҲʶԣҰ㽫ħԷӡˣ
һػƱ㰴ҵϣһӿҵڣȫ
ǰ
Щ᲻ãʧȥĵơ


370 ɽ
סħԣԣЩֻǿߣҪ߳Լĵӵڣûиκηء
ֻܿЦᵽ¶λϸղŵ飬ֹ˵ȷ˵Щɶ˭˵ǮҲ֮мӽǮأ
赣ģҹʵѾԶͬˣоȵҾǷȱģ֮ĥֻΪΨһݾ˵ȻһָҵüģѾվڵڶ۷壬꾳ǰ벽ҵо飬ͻƵŵ
ģȻһ
һ磬ʵ˵ñһҹŴģʥ̥磬֮ԾþδͻƣΪҵ꾳ͻΪһֱ˺󣬱Ͳƽ⣬Ҫһ̫ˡ
ȸǾͲһˣǿнҵ꾳ʱѹΪͬüĵģĻ档
ҿһ̶̶ˮ֮лӽ
ֻһ档
¹£Ľ֮ϣʵһ㣬˵ĸоǲǹ⣬һѩѻڽ֮ϣڿ˲䣬ҵľͳȥ뵽һޱȰ״̬֮С
»ˮʼվס
ܿˣҵͫ׶ȻɴΪ̫ʱһ¹⣬ȻڽϣõĽһ
˽һ𣿡
˽һҪͻƵĺһ磬໹Ǻܴģһͨͨ۲磬ԺһڵԪͬˮբһ㣬ӿ˳ҵ꾳磬ںϵһ
ջָϥ¡
ʱ˹ۺԪȴ¶ϲ֮ɫһҽʡһʱ䣬֪ʱܹͻƵģû뵽ھѾˡ
ǿаͻƵķʽԼҲĺܴģҿŽӣԸлǰ
ҡҡͷֻϣ㲻Ҫѣ˵˵ɣйŮ顣
ǵĽʣǺСŮ
˵ǰΪСˮҼλȣȴΪСŮõ˽ӵİСŮԸ׵ĺ⣬а̾һǺܿýĽӴҽҲ˵Լĵǡ
Ӿ꣬ɬ˵򣬽չǷǵģҪһ⡣
Ҳ֪ôȰֻ˵ǰ˼
΢΢ͷģҲ嶯ֻȥɽһֻۣǣһۡ
ҵ˵ͷ벽˵ʵӦû̫ɡ
СŮҵһۣԭΪӦûôֲˣҲ֪ʲôƺǿʮ࣬Ҫ֪ҶηˣСŮȴԶָо
ڴʱȴͻȻŲۼ֮ɫ
ɫһ䣬˳ȥ
¯֮ǰλϳ֮ǳм䣬ӵɢŵĵⵤоʮŸ
ôˣ
˵󵤣ܹ
ճ̧ۿ˿ң̾һŮҪɢģи˳֣ǿб岻࣬ǲѾ֮ˣⲢŮһܹ
Ҳף԰ʵϾǺ⣿ԸٸһԣֻܽȻ
³Цһû˵ΪȾܾȵ𣿡
ǳҡҡͷ˵ϣŮѾû֣Ȼǿбڣ⣬ȴα겻αǿ꣬سϣܹߣۿҪˣ϶Ҫ깴ߵġ
ԣңүɽʿǸǶ˵ûа취ôǾûκλˣɫȻǳбһƬ
ڴʱȴ˵˵ɣʲô취һСҲԸȥġ
ǳмֱ֮⣬ͬŮͬ׷ԭӶҲи֮ͬ⡣
ճԥҧ˵Ҳһ취İ취Ȼ겻ϣôǾͿһҽ֮ƣһӤ꽫Ҫ֮ǰŮУӤʮ֮գɽȡ·ŻشŮڣʱȫܸҪǣҲϡ
ʮꡭ
Ҿ㵵ĿǣвԸ֮ɫ
ֻһ취
ճ˵
⣬ʮ꣬ҪŮһɽӦ˵ɽ֮հɣǧףᣬֻɽ֮أŮ겻ɢ岻࣬ʮ󣬲л᰾ѡ
⣬Ҳ֮٣Ҫеպֻ췣
ԣǳеľᣬվɢȥֻҪܻʲôãҿɬһЦ˵޷Ҫгˡ
ǳ˵⵹Сһ׮ֻǻһ£Ҫע⣬ŮӤʮʱڴŮѣʱյѶϢһ꣬Υ֮꣬ͨСһҪڴŮʮ꣬Ϥĵػڴ֮ǰ㻹ҪȥһˣҪ취֮У˵нأÿһɶɺĵǰ˵أҪ취õһɽΨһһҪȴ㣬ϣ⡭֮УȪҪ취õôȪˮϴ꣬ôŮתȻͽ͡
ҵͷ¼С
λϺǳ꣬ǽңȻһ𣬽׹ɽĹ֮С
ǧףµϢûУ𽥵ʧҵҰ
ӵҶ𣺡ȥɣһˣǱҪߵģڵķӡͻƵʱ򣬻Լ⿪Ҫסħǧܺʹã򲻵ѣȻٵ㡭


߾ 糤ҹ


371 磿
˵һˣǱܲ
һûǣ֮ǰУҪȥؼһУҲ֪ΪʲôҪһĵҴӦ飬϶Ҫģοܲо֮
⣬ԼһЩ˽⣬ΪͷߵؼңӦû֪壬ؼңΪȥĵһվ
ɽͽܶ࣬ȻǮƵˣұһںĸ͵˱һ·϶˳ӻʱɫѾˣؼҵľַҲǺԾס
ڶһ磬ҲûżȥؼҵסַȦ
ؼļ壬ŵκһطǸŴ󻧣ȻܲˣҵҲû̫죬ߣܻؼҵϢ
οҲû̫Ҫ£Ҳ˼䣬ķ羰Сʲôģ͵ɢˡ
Ϊ緹ûԣҹһ˸ֵͦС꣬Ҫ˷Ϸۣһ߳ԣһΧ۵
Сûдֿٽŵ࣬˶Ǳ߳ͱġ
ϰ죬඼ǱؽϵϢڱЩŴ󻧵Ϣǲ١ϸָؼҵϢ
һٷ꣬ؼҵϢûע⵽һͦ˼¡
ҺλãˣһǸྫӣһǸݺʵˣ߻ŸǸŴ򹤵ũ񹤡
˶Իʱ򣬻Ǹ˵ģʱʱĻʼ䡰˵Ķģûƭɣ֮Ļ
Ǹӣ˵Ȼŵҹұ֤׬Ǯ֮Ļ
ȻûΣԻҲӶǸ㴫ģģˣ׼ƭˡ
˵СΧ˶Ҳȴû˸ҳ˵ʲôûʲô˸Ҷ࿴ۣи𵨴ģҲֻĵ̾ĿǸһۣϽͰĿ˻Ҷ¡
컯֮£飬ҲĿȥ׼һǸˣת룬һѣǸӿ϶᲻ģ˵Χͬ֡
޼ɵֹΧֹһˡ
ҵȻںôС죬ֻǶҲǼ鷳¡ҾûֻǵӴ˳ȥ֮ҴӺ˹ȥ
ԭǴ㵽ƧĵطǸһѵǸģˣ˸һţγ˹˾ˡ
֮ǰԤϵûΧȻͬӦֻûϵǻһžϳ
֮£Ҳֻô⳵ȥ
Ҳû⳵˾˵ǰֻһ·ָǰǰγȻѾȥͦԶȻҶˣȻиĵ
һ·һڽƫƧСǸӵѵˡ
³֮ӴǸģѾСһԪ¥Ҹ˳ǮҲûżȥ￴˿С־ʽ¥ֻ㣬Χ㹻סҲǺܶࡣ
ĻͦʺΥĹȻҲʺһʱ֡
Ӵ˽һԪ¥¥ҹȥʱѾ¹ʵˡ
ҲûŽȥֻš
źжˣǸè⿴һۣȻʹţһ۾˴̽ͷ߿˿Ȼĳʵʲôˣ
仰˵꣬Ѿ̧߽
Ǹ۾͵ĵɴ۾벻ͨΪʲôֻſһ죬ԼӶţΪɶһ߽ȥ
ûֻһССĿ棬Ȼ߰˸ˣһЩɫƵĻģֻиձǸģˣԼķɳϣһš
ҺȻ˶վǾ׶ĳʲô
ȻûлشǵȤֻ̧ͷǰȥķţ˱ȦС档
ʱЩڷӦ˹Ź׼Ҷֻ֣ϧǣǻûңһڵأʧȥʶ
㶨Ｘ֮ҰķŶ򿪣ЩͬȫסȻ»ص
˲ûпʲôֻɳǸɫĿһУʱһȵ﷢
ҳ˵˶гϽ뿪ɡ
˵ҾʹˣſڵʱԱһŷſﻹиڵ¥ݣͨ¥ϡղŽʱֱǰˣûעſΡ
ȻǸʽ¥ϻЩ㴫ͬ˾ȵףͷ͵Ҳżˣ̧ȥ
¥ֻһңҾиŮӿ޺
ҿַһƣԭŵžֱӱƿˣȻҾͿһŰӵӣһʮСﶯֶţղŵС﷢ġ
˵ͷĿʲô붼롣
ҽӻ׼˵ЩʲôûᣬȥһƣȻֱӻ赹ڵˡ
СڴͷһĻƺҲЩ£ҲԸ飬ֻǸ˶סˣʰʰ뿪
˵ҾתˣʱСȴڽе磬һ¡
ԭһС£ҲԸٶǣ棬ĻҲװûߡ
СҲҲЩżˣĳ˵磬һ£ңؼһᱨġ
ؼң
Ȼ֪С˵ؼңǲܲؼңƽ˿ɲ˵ʲôؼֻۣ֮ЩŴ󻧵˲Żô˵ұô󣬲ؼҡ
תͷ˵ĸؼңʶܲ
»СЩˣһȴ¶˱ݵı飬СʵʶҸ磿


372 ؼ֮
ȴû뵽ֽһѵ㣬Ȼܲá
Ȼ֮ǰܲûии֮飬ȻСﲻʶңȻҲƭҡ
ҲˣתͷȥСӴϷԭԱߵ׸ϣȻ֡
СȻСƺСովûܿȶ˵ᰣܲ磬滹иܵܣ
˵ܲʱԭѾϣݵɫȻ֮ĸ
̾˿ûܲ£ǳʵؼôˣô䵽
֪֣֮ܲ˵ؼĴ壬ʲô£Ҳô˥ܣ䵽һȺ㴫
ѵؼʲô٣Ѿưˣ
᰿ڻشؼû£ʱ򣬱˰ˣҰ
˵꣬᰻Щµļ˵˿϶ܵңͻȥؼҵ˿϶ᱨġ
ҳ˵ͷȴЦһ
ؼҿɲСܲ׺үүǻ֣ȻڶˣȻûưܣִͲԼֱϵӳ£˵ǱһȺ㴫Сˡмʲôè塣
ҳĬ˵ֿڴߴ䡣
ЦŶ˵ͷӦؼҡ
СȻһֱ򶨣ԶͬԵóȣȻҲ벻ζʲô
ؼҵڲǳʲô⡣
ԭҾʹӦܲչؼңؼֳ飬Ȼܲˡ
Ӧᰵ֮Ҿͽһӣ¥¡
ʱ¥±㴫ĿƵ˶Ѿ˳ȥյķֻбҴЩǡ
һĻƺҲȣֻתͷ˿ңȻͼˡ
ؼּ棬ƽʱӴҲ࣬һ˴ô˵ľٶȻеȡ
ǳŴᰱ˸ַ֮Ǿһ·ؼȥˡ
ϣҸһЩؼҵͷ˭á
ᰵȻһʲôһһʮȫ˵ͨҵò֪ˣԴ֮ܲعԪͶܲĵܵܺܲá
仰ټҵƲ⣬Ѿ׷ʲô顣ֻʵûԤ⣬Ҳ֪̫࣬Ҳûʡ
Ȼ󣬵ؼƺ߲ͬһ򣬳һСʱŵĿĵء
˳֮Ҳŷ֣ѾķΧˣᰣԭѾ˱һء
ֲҽûؼҵϢҪǰԭģ̽Ϣ˵ҲؼҾĶ
ؼĵطͦƫƧ޽ȴݻȥһ޴ׯ԰ſڻңдСظ
ؼҵĴţ֪Ǿû˥ܣӿ϶ˣؼڲ뷨
ᰵҲЦݣ̧ž׼ߣҸϽһס
Щ⣬תͷɻĿҡ
ЦŶ˵ѣңǰݷó㿴ֿտյҲʣҴȥ㶫ЩʱݷáȻȥҪҵϢ˵˵챻˰ˣԼ͵͵˳
óȻ᰻ȥ϶ݾߣҶعԪʵֲ˽⣬ʲôҲ˵׼
Ҫһ˵Ļ϶£عԪҲǻʵҲѣȴ޷֤ᰵİȫ
ܲһãҵȻðա
Ȼһ˻ȥ϶Ҳ鷳ܶһΣͿ϶еڶΣܲôãЩй˼˵ڲų֣һǼٽ֣֤֮ˣЩ˻û˺ʱû϶û¡
ҵĻЩɻ󲻽⣬Ϊʼ䣬û뵽Ĭһ͵ͷ˵Ǻðɣ磬Ȼȥڼ㡣
֮΢΢һЦƺĸһ㣬ǸղڳЩЩ
ҿؼҵļţȻתһˡ
ҲûԶֻؼҵׯ԰ߡ
˴һСʱҵʱ䣬Ҳؼ˹ȥûţƵһƧĵطԺǽȥˡ
ؼڻмʵԼ͵͵ȥһ¾֪ˣʵãȻôУʵǿᣬҲ١
ؼԺӣҾ͸оһȣй󷨵Ĳ
üͷһ壬ǰ߽ȥ
Խǰߣ󷨵ĲҲԽǿҴ󷨵Ӧǻֲܲó
뵹Ҳܲ׺үүǻ֣ڼﲼó󷨵Ҳ
ֻֻ˽ȥѣûʲôܸоϡƺѾڻķˣ˵ǻֲãʵѾû˶ĻҲڵظ֮ڣо
ɭӡһڹ⻤ס壬ôֱ˽ȥ
Ҳ֪ؼҵĲԾͰǿ۵ط˽ȥȻߵؼҵԺ
ؼȻ󣬵һ·Ҳûˣһֱڲ˵ķﴫ˳
Ϣ˷棬ſڵķ϶վ棬ǰһĸߴˣԴɫĶѯʲô
˵˿϶ᰵĶ壬عԪˡ
ò̽ʵѾûзңһԿʵ
˵˳ᰵĳƺϣҸȷˣ˾عԪ
ʱƺعԪֱӾҪȥ
ܲȹҵȻܿίʱҲȷعԪʵûʲôù˼ˣҲԼмƿţֱӾ˽ȥ


373 Խ
ҳֵľԿͻأݣ˲䣬عԪҪ˵ĶֹͣʼΪؼӵܴ˽ĸصģȻҴķ䣡
Ǽķ䣬ôƾʲô
ҵ˵дżϷʡ
˭Ϊʲô
İعԪ̧ͷһŷִҹɫ뷿ңϴž֮ɫʶĽ䱸
磬ˣ᰸Ҳ̸УǸղعԪĶȴŵ˿̿ң˹
ұסᰣͷعԪɫ
ǸȻˣ
عԪûлش᰾ͳ˵磬岻ҡ
ղǵĶԻҿǶڶģοһ䣬俴عԪ
ߣһСӣôܴôѣ
дʡ
ʲôϵ
ұҲףܲΪηҪؼһ⣬ȴЩסܲ㲻ѣȷΪҶ˲ü򵥵ĺû֣վܲҲֻ˴£վҵȴô࣬飬һ᳥Ҵ˿̿ޱ飬ʵѾŭ⡣
Ϊĳѵܽѵ𣿡
عԪȴǱŭзһö׭
㻹û˵㾿ʲôˣ
֮ʱͻأĽ׭ҴعԪôͣǺģһˣҹؼңûо󷨣ֻ˵˷ͬСɣΪһֻϺ꣬ɲԼյأŸίôã˿ͻȻֵ˲䣬ȴǷߣֱײƴ˳ȥ֮
ķ׭׷̫ˮ׼ʵܹķ׭пؼҵĵ֮һ׭ڷ˲䣬׻˸һɱ֮⣬ȴûзһ죬ȥץ׭Ҫ֪˿̿ҹȻ޷ħҹң˵ʵǿȻģץôһö׭кѣ
ؼ˿񱼶ʱعԪľס׷Ȼһ̴ɢĻ档
ɫʱҰס
ηС
ôؼңɣ
˰Χˣ
ؼ˶ľϢһ붼ͨˣʣµһ룬ΪҲ
Щ׵ܲΪôִˣԭؼѾ˥̶ֳȡ
ס֣عԪãһҪֵؼӵܣ԰׵ң˸ȭƣǰؼңкιɣ
ԲϵعԪȴǶҽǰһٶؼӵ¶֮ɫԼǲˡ
ҿĿ⣬Ǵһ־棬عԪıûУǺܻԹɫȻǴҸղס׷ľٶҲǣҳЦ˵ǿһʹСӣ𣿡
عԪɫʱѿ˼㡣
ᰵԴһؼӵܣ¶飺ô˵ҲؼҵֱϵӵܣΪ壬ǳҪ˵ѵֱϵӵܣֻǻдȶɣο᰸ոջصؼңСܵ˾ţûеõοҪʲô
˵⻰˼ҪؼӵܵķӦʧǣûʲô¶ŭ֮ɫˣϰΪ
˵ˣǾ
ҲᰵᣬʵûмǴ֮ǰ˵ܲиܵܣжĸ绹ǵܵܣ
ںСΪ۵ĹϵһһСèƵã˵ǴĵܵܣҲҵĸ磬С𡣡
𡣡߶䣬عԪڣ
ɫʱһӣٶȱҪΪԼһ㣬ΪΪؼڶӵҲǳصģҪǶռˣ
һԳؼҵٶҵУɱ⡣
ؼҵˣҲˣ֣Ȼ⣬Ҫ˵вǣҲûʲô˼Ż飬˱Ҹó
Խҹ
ҿǣȻ亰
С۾ں˭˵һ룬ҵȴǷһѪ⣬ѪɢдһĽ
ѽѽѽΪͷ­Ѫʱˣ
ͷϳֻǵħƾճ֣ĿһѪɢаȵϢ˵Ŀ⣬˰Ŀֲ
ؼӵܣڿͬʱѸٺˣǸоԼ͸˫ۣʬɽѪ
ʬɽѪ֮УԹ˻ÿͷƤ飬䡣
һȺʶʱСŲүһǶˣ
¶ɭ׵ݣϢؼҡ
⣬ʲô
ܶݴս
ǹĿֲڡ
عԪʶģ˫Ŀдžڡ
ܶŵſ˵ϡ
ħ񣬶ݺݵɨһۣ˵Ŀ־壬΢࣬һӦûῴҵİɣһһļҪڻЦݻͷңӣô
ȻûҵϿ֮ɫҳħ飬ٴο϶һȻǼ黫ޱȣӲǿУֻҪʱȴܵı˭졣˼һ㣬֣ûֵģżȻ֮ȴĪ˾޴Ȥĥ֮󣬾˵ԼҪԢ⵹Ǽ򵥣ǽҪֵߡ
һ֮䣬֮УڰԽҧǸ˵ڿζˣӲԣҪҼһҪŪһٱ飬һٱ鰡һٱ飡
˵֮ǰعԪһ˿ҶԿ˼ôڿԽ˳֪֮ǰ֮ԼҲǲģǾҲɢһǷϵϢ
ڿԸң˰ɣ
ǣ˵


374 ؾ
ƽһ仰в
һ𣬽¶ѿ֮ɫע⵽ʱʱҪعԪһۣͶϡ
ҶסâڱӲͷƤ˵
ұΪпǱŰͬһû뵽ʱˣ£ʶƺûô򵥣ʱƾʣһԽĽĵ𣺡ͱҲˡ
عԪ̾һȴǱȭ˵һǼʣǰʲôˣΪҪؼҵ飬˵Ĺģ
ĥ˵ܲѣؼһˣչĵܵá
ȴ˸ѣܲѹûԼеá
ȻǼѣ
λʶôˣ
˽Ծ׷ۡ
عԪһʵƾ֤
ԥӻȡؼҵ飺ǿ
˲⣬ΨعԪȴ˫ĿбŵĹâ˵ĪǣĪؼʧؼҵ飡
һԳؼӵܵȫеĵϣʿˮ
Դؼҵʧ֮ؼҴӱĴû䣬֮ǰܲڵʱʵѾ˶СˣֻǱͲΪ壬ֲôߵ粢ûؼҶϢ֮ܲؼû˼⻼֮⣬ǶǣһʱǴӶ»
ܶУ֮ؼһӻؼҵϣⱾڣؼҺˣѾϣˣû뵽˼ҹĵ飬ȻϷĳǰ
ǰɷһۡ
عԪſˮԼ̰֮ɫ
Խ
ҵĺһ
Ѫ֣Խ˳ŵҡڵ˹ȥƳعԪ򿪵飬һۣȻ˵һۣѾˡ
˵ţŵ˻
ٶʵȤһЦԽȴŭһСƨҲЦңҶСŮᣬȴǱ֮ɫᰰ˰֡
ؼҵɡ
ȻһۣعԪѾȷϣ飬ʱԵһ۵ġ
ҿèצһ룬ȴǽ𣺡䡣
ûʲôؼҵȡˣعԪ̾˿ʾҽȥ̸òˮҲûжһڱˣǰٶֵģԽСĸ˱裬ú棬һڣȻ˳˵ʲôˬ
ҵһۣԴ˻ȥ
ҿعԪ˵Խˡ
عԪ˿һᰣȴǿɬΪܲʧôã׶༪ˣû뾹Ȼ˸ôѣؼҵ飬ˣܲʧؼҴȨյҲһѼĸоֻƨɻûȣƺҪͷˡƱǿȴҲûж뷨ɴཫһʱ䷢龡
⻹Ҫӱؾ˵𡣡عԪһӰѻ⳶úԶ
ؾҵҲżֻǳİ
ؾҲй⡣
Ȼһ仰ɫ䣬⣿ⲻҴеĿΪθؼҳ˹ϵ
Ǳа˴壬ܲүүһһһȻҲȻǰȻڣȴΪĩعԪĻ֮дһɿɬζƫԶ֮أ˶ϡٲ˵ҲΪأⱱؾڰ֮ǰɣͻȻ֮ͳʱȷⱱؾģʵǰ˴壬ʱҲ֪ؾʲôģһ˽֮ȴض飬ҩֻþݣʱǱн˺䶯ȵ֯ҪٴνؾʱȴǷ֣ö˶˵һؾȻʧˣ
һ֪˴壬ԭôģȻΪκˣǵõԴŴͷɽҲ⣬ֻԶûϸʵʲôϵ
ǰġعԪЦ˵ǰؾʧʱ򣬰˴²⣬˵Ӧûٶȳ֣ԷϢÿ˵ȴһȣһ꣬³ؾٶȳ֣ʱûüˣͷְɵʿûв͸ǿΪأʵͱ˿ɽ֮ջȻ࣬ǱȴǱųУﾺ棬Ҳûа취ֻû뵽Ϊؾֵ֣úܴ¸ԼǾÿһ꣬ÿʸؾɣֻɳһĵӣȥ֮졣
ԭΪǰ˴ûʲôϵΪƽ⣬ȻҲΪػⱱؾ˼Ǹһֻһÿʮ꣬ǰ˴ɳһӵܣⱱؾ
һΪǶʮꣿ
عԪ˵ǰ֪ⱱؾҲΪ㣬ÿһ꿪ģֻ㣬ôȥķҩٶҲɼˣʽˣҵȴģʮһοڲ㣬ڲ֮УıڣǰޣоҩԼִ˵еĶͬģҲо޴Σգÿʮⱱؾˣϰ٣ܳģȴʮ֮һҰ˴壬λҲȥΣǶûлŻģЩܹ߳ɣһǵõĺô
ڣǵõ˶ʮһοؾڲʱˣؾֵĵʮ꣬ҲǵοǰµؼңӦҪⱱؾģǣǰڣȴʵƫ壬Ǽ񵽱ˣǲʮ֣ңѹǰϴʾԼ˳ᣬߵʣҪؾ֮󣬲Ű˽ǡ
⣬ˣԭֲɽ˵ҪԭǶʮһȵѵûᣬҵȷܸҪɽʸһҿڣǲ
ɫҪ룬Ҳ֪ؼҶȻǾͷˣֲҿе񼣬õ˽ͣΨһļ̳ˣ˳ȥôᰵľܺõȥⱻ֯ߣֻΪĶѣɫعԪӦøѲ˹ϵϼһﵹҲ˼Ұ𱻴֮󣬲ų׵˵ҲʲôˣֻһҰͣҪλ˶ѡ
ҶعԪɱɢȥ١
ؾ𡭡
߶ҲҴңȻ֮䣬ǰһĨɫ
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عԪһȥʲô
һЦҪˣ


375 
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չؼңǷ֮£ڴ֮ǰûؼҾȻܸϹǸջ
ⱱ˴ĵӦǿˡ
˵ǸϢ
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ǰǰ֣ˡعԪָǰǵǡ
Ҳмáҿǰһӵׯ԰нмʮǰɫׯ԰֮⣬ҿݵʯʨӣʨӣֻǰ裬ҿȥʱȴǸоһ˿֮̽⣬е˵ף֣ңҪؼǿࡣ
磬һ⣬Իش𣿡ҴʱСקҵ½ǣп֮ɫ
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Ҵ磬׻𣿡˫Ŀ֮зỨίʵܲʧôãǵӼתֱ£ÿչĲĵʱ򣬶ʲôʱһȣȴû˾ͷ
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ҲȫعԪҴҲ¶Լʵ
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˾˭Ȼʨҳ
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Ѿ֪鲻ˡ
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376 
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仰˵عԪãһ뵽ղŵǹһĻվǿЦһ¶֮ɫ
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Ҳ֪ܲʶһ񣬶ؼңǺ£ǻ°
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ѵ֮¶ʲôΪʲôͻȻô˵
ҵ񣬸ܴѹȻҧ˵Ҵ磬ӦѾˣ԰ɡ
һΪʲôҪô˵
˵һѯʵʱǰŰɣ˿̣ȴƶˣͷһأҶʮһСӣһȤҲôͨ
߽ȻŹϣ糾ͣ·ûлңȴǴŴŻе֮ɫ
ôˣ绹ţҲøǴظŰɣûУһʱǶʮһιĹؼʱ̣ΪؼңȴһѾܾˣҲڹѡչءڵ˵⣬˿ң¶ʧ֮ɫҲܣСûһ㣬ǵճӣңֻǸӣȻҲ֮ˣλһעǼĴ˺ܶ࣬ǴСͲô˵ղȴ˵չҺСãⲻܣֻչСãңҲᶼᡭ
ʵı˵ˣܲǵҲû˵Լеõ飬ҿ𣬲ÿСӵ۹ˣҲңŲ֮ɫһ㣬ҵֱȻӦãһǾãܲˡ
ҳ˼ȱ仯ջƽ̾Ϣһ˵ܲȷѾˡ
ȷϰĵ˵ͷȴû̫ı֮ɫܲĹϵҲ⣬˵˵ĺ統ңΪСܵĥͶ࣬ԳɳĿ죬Ҳ࣬ӵľǺͳЩֻؼҿҪȳζˡ
һ۹⿴Ҳŷ֣һĲɵĸоƺȷܲѶ˵ֻ˳Ϊ֮Ŀģȴδ¶˳üͷ΢壺㻹ʲôҪ˵𣿡
ɫ仯ͻȻ¶˾ģֱӹڵϣȴǳҵԤϣҪ˵ʱȴǿҧ촽ȭ˵磬ϣܹΪʦ
Ϊʦ
ҪĶҲֹͣˣѹû˵Ļһʱ֮û׼ʶ˵ôܣ
ʵǾҲʸ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ֻǴδ飬ԼᣬܹΪͽ
˵ȴǸµĳǵˣƺΪӣ㡣
ԭҼֱЦã𣬷⺢ûһ㿪ЦɫΪʲôҪΪʦҿ϶Ҫؼҵġ
̾˿һСӣͻȻ̾һֵֺĸоؼҵĵ飬Ȼ˱̫ˣôᣬôҪһȻҪȼʮ꣬ܵҵȲ𡭡Ҫãؼҡ
ҿ˳˼ڵ𣬸ܲȴе񣬸˵ĸоźܶණ壬ˣػͬǣܲԸ֪ͨ˵ˣе㼫ˣȴǺ࣬һҪǰ;ֻͽȴǴδһҲණԼ鶼ãʱȥܱˣһҲϲΪһСӣҾ̬ڳأûǰ㵥ǡǱϲģ෽濼֮£ѡ˾ܾ
߰ɡ
¶֮ɫҪ˵ʲôȴҡҡͷվ
磬һ֤ʸͽܣһԴ㡣
ıӰȴһң
գؼճתÿˣЩĲɣ֮󣬿ǵ⸱ģΪλЦһټعԪؼӵܵ棬ҽؼҵ齻
ϲϲⶫؼҵģҸոտʼ޵ʱؼҵҵİ޴ݶ飬ұҪܡ
ʧôĵʧãÿһؼӵܶϲעعԪɣҲֳһĨο֮ɫȴҰֻ֮صԭ̬ҰԵͷڴ˽عԪͷ˵ʶʱ
ؼ񻶵ʱȴͻȻţŴ֮󣬷ľ֣֮ˡ
֣ҼϴЦݣһȭ˵ǰؼң񡣡
˾ܾĻᣬ˻֣к֣ܶӵܰ˽һϡ֮˫ĿŹ⣬֣ؿǴѪˡ
ֲЦˣʵ˭֪֣ҶȻΪԽΪ˿־֮飬İعԪӴ֣Ҽ̬ŵúܵͣάĻ˵ĲźۼؼӵɣԴؼû֮Ѿܾûܹҫˡ
̸˵ʱ֣ҼͻȻ仰һתʵλǰ֪齣
عԪһǻɣֻ漰ҵ飬ȽϽº˵ǰû˭֪
֣Ҽ΢䣬ȴǲɫĦԼָϴŵİָ
СʱԽĵ𣺡ӣҸоһ֮̽⡣
ʵ˵Ҳܵˣ֮̽ޣؼң䣬֣ҵļǸǵһְ
עˮһˣԽɭӡɭӡҲҷڽӴ֮̽ôҲܽӴңΪֻǺһ֮ѣѹţҲû¶ʲôȻҲûаעйϵ֣ҿɲ֪ҵĴڣҪҵԽνĸˡ
֣֮ҼȥıӰǹһĨЦ֪ؼԽ֣̽ҵ飬Ҳ򵥰
뿪֣֮Ҽ裬˵ȥˣ˵ûҵǸǿߣпѾ뿪ˣؼңҲ˳ֶΪ
ȥ
֣ҼͷԶӰӰ´µؼң˵ڣ˼֣ҲӦˮȴã󣬲֣õѡ񡭡


378 
֣ҲԵ޹ʵ̽ߣһö̽ĽָҲҿɲ֣һӵıУҲӦ̽ԽΪѾֲ֪ԼܹԸģ̽ʲô壿
ԣȷǱͼ
ҹؼһƬžֻмѲҹ˴ŹǷתš
û˯ڷϣԽҵ̽ԴţؼҵˣԲ˿ûᵽζ
˿
ҵû̫ྪȵҲԷֵʱ䲢ǽ
ʱҺȻƬ춯ԴһͷȥȻעӣվԭأ¶η֮ɫ͵ңҿ粻ڣ
˵ǣǴС˼
һﻹûİ̾˿ԶòʲôˣǴ뿪ʱȴͻȻ˵ӣζûУζһȺ
һ䣬ʵҪ˵ҲѾоˣںڰ֮УϰֻڳؼҵķѸٶϰֻУʮֻɢŨ˵ⶼǹ
ϰʮҪؼѽ
ɫ仯Լˣ¶֮ɫ磬ҡ
ҰסԴ˸ĶôĿţҲ鲻˳ҵĿ⿴ȥ֮ͫжʱӿ֮ɫ
ΪԿؼҵΧǽߣһɫӡǸ֣ҲϵɢӣҹˣӰ̽壬ʱһˤڵϣûйãվֻȴǷų׺ݵĹâ
Ź
ûаЩСѯԽ
ӦûֻŵķΧûζ
Խش͸һӼС
ӣ㿴Щʲôģǲǡ
ҵǶ˼֮ǰûг֣ҲֻǸ֮߳ϧûг֣Щʧĵ˵ͷ
ȥɣעⲻҪŵ׼ˡ
ԽһɭӡֱӾʹҵз˳ȥȻ͵ԼûУɭӡڹɢϰʮȫסǾֵУһ͸̰ʹѵа
ɱǣүúǵģ
ɭӡڹţЩ޷ֵ˲ͱɭӡɣԽ˸ã־ַ˻ɭӡ䶪ӴȴǷ
˫ĹâʶΪҿʱҲȴ΢΢ҡվûдӦҡҡͷӷһԾ¡
һġ
СȭͷԼԼľԭ·ء
ؼҲֽ֪֮٣ؼҵĻع飬Ƿǳæµе֮ȥ·һҹ֮䣬ؼҾͼ忪ʼˡ
ùģɣؼҵǽܵģǽˮ¥̨ȵ£ʱؼҵңҲųһ㣬ȴִ᰹Сﻹû˯ãӱƭŸͷ˯ġ
Ǵ֪ϲᰣҾܾԴһ𣬵ȴ񣬾Щҵ˼һѡؼҵѳ͸ĵãѼʽһƾԼȥᡣ
Ϊ˳ؼҵĶ顣
һӦôȥʱȴͻȻһؤţǹؼҵſڣЩǮƺͳʳ
鲻٣ʼҲû⣬ؼҵҲʩ࣬һ˲ǮǮ༸ͬʱǣеؤ࣬Ȼڴڵ̳ţΨһˣӹǮЦлؼ֮ˣ֮Žӹࡣ
һĻҵע⣬ҿоһ˿޵ϢзһĨɫ
ؤߺϢĸںߣڳؼ֮עؤ뿪ȺԳǰȥ
һƬֱ֣Ӿ͸˽ȥȻʱȴͻȻҵ˳Ż֮̿ɫ㣬˭ΪʲôҪң
˵ţĻס˶ǮҶһ㡣
˫ۣ˵ϷŹǸˣɡ
иֳã֮ɫ˵ʲô
̾һΪʲôͲһ㳤Ƕ㵽ʮ𣿻Ϊۺ࣬û뵽Ҫ͵͵顣
ɫ΢䣬ѼӲ˵ʲôҲֻ֪ǸҪġ
˵һҪģܾûгԶˣȿǮͳԵģ϶ԼĶҪ㣬õǮҲû̫̰͸м֮ɫ۾Ĵҿڹ۲ʲô󣬱˵붼Ǹɸɾ㣬ȴʣ˼ף˵Ȼûʲôһ˺ܾõؤʳӦɡĻʳ
ҷһЦ
ڲΣųԹ֮ɫؼҵ㣿
ҿΪͬһ磬Ҫ˵ɱҲԼҪĹҳ˵ûҡ
·㲻ߣŴ飬Ҳҹܣǻˣ
һһĴһɫĹ軯ɾˣſھͳҧ
֣Ӳɱ֮ˣ
¶Ϸ֮ɫͬһ䣬ӴɭӡֱӷɳŵԽŵĽ

ɣ֮ǰľˣǰͬСһ㣬ԭ׺֮ȥ¶֣ȻԽȴǺԥſھͰ븹С
һĻ̼Ŵ˵ǰֵ˲䣬һϤ֮ӿͷңٿɭӡӿ֮ɫǸɭӡ置Żµ
ҵͷ
תߣ˿ûս⣬Խ¶Ϸ֮ɫ־ͳץ˹ȥ֪ԼӲ˵ҲϣһԼؿڣԹ˵
ҪãǶҪȻɨ¡
˵꣬³һѪѾûϢ
ҸϽǰͼĻ׽סѻ꣬Ȼȴ֣ĻҲɢȥ
˾Ȼ˳̶ȣ


379 ֮
ԭΪ置֮ͣһʱ䣬û뵽ǣǾȻѴ쵽˱
߸ϵΪλؼң
϶ͼıŻؼңؼң˵ʲôܹôֻǽˡ
Ϊȴɣǿ϶ȴҪؼҵ˵ı
ڸʲôáüͷϸôĽӴӰٹĹĹʼ置Ķңٵıʲô£ƺǵĲ룬͸Ӱһ֮ǰҲûж룬˿ٴȴЩƺһΧȴн硣
һûˣɨˡԽһô龰ԭΪһ϶ȻЩˮȻϸ֮ȴʲôûˣڵʧ
ҪʵĻǰɣҴȥһطɫһ˵
֣ңԼʶ̧٣ɲҪˡ
ɣҵĳ޶ݣ֣ҾȻһѾҵĵߡ
Խԣ͸ϲ֮ɫˮ
ֱӾ͵֣ҵ⣬ǵЩ֮ͣһſַֻʨݣֻͷҪǸСܶࡣ
û¶˼ָ֣˵ԼŰɡ
ԽŰ죬Ѿˡ
Խе㲻⣬˵ԭǰһȺûʲôеļһǿ϶ҲǿҪ˵ɻǣ϶ǵȼԽߵԽζ˵ˬǼֱܣǹǾԵĴ͡Щӣ˰ûʲô˼үҡ
˵⣬оעӣһХһͳ֣ҡ
ҹ֣ʵǾ֮ڵķǽԽֵʱ򶯾ֵúܴԱ˶ûжܵ˼ɷԹӿ˲佫֣ҰԽһĺ
ԩͷծȻǵүүҲԸ⣬޹ġ
֮ԽЦţſڵʯʨӸһ̧ͷͱȳ˷飬֣ҵĴֱըŵѪɣǱԽһС
Ǹħǣɱˣ
鲼֣ҵĺڱ˲ãȻǵԽÿͷӰ˿̳֣˲佫֣ӵܵĵֿ֮÷飬η֮£ͿʼӴˡ
ȻȴǷ˵·Ǻ֮Уһ˫˫Ѫ۾֣˻
°ɣҰɣԽ£ԹԽܱүŹˬڡģҼֱǸţǲóԣҿץһǧˣһˣǻڿ־֮УȻʹȥͶˣǻ桭Խˮεδ£ԼĴƻ˫Ŀ֮г˷ܣͻȻͷޱȷԼǸţõ˶ת֮䣬ңе˷ܶ˱䣬۾κ᣺ϧиɷӣ϶ͬҵļƻУһҪһ
Խĥʱ֣ȴ˴ңϯа֮ԹӰһ˵ÿ˱Ϳ־壬飬˳ɢܶ˵۾Ѿų˺⣬ǳԽķչˡ
֣鷿֣Ҽ֣Ƶǰϵ֣۷ŭ
Ϳǰ֣Ƶ·ϣǸǲҲǲΪУǼӽȥ·һԶΣգ
֣Ҽȴǿ˵ڣǸòôֻҪúãĴȣ֣ҾܳΪһ壬һᣡ
֣ƾչֱҵ֣ҼͷϣͷѪȻ޵ƨᣬ뻢ıƤʲôа֪ʲôа𣿶ңԷʵ͸ҿǱߣһǳ˭ܸ𣿡
֣ҼԴҪƱ磬˿ȴǺһĲҽƿӿ棬һ۾ͷ˿ЦԽɫʱɷף¶֮ɫȻĴˣƾʲôĴģ
֣͸֮ɫҲû˼֣ˣһѾʮûжùΪڿʼգһϹһʵϢӿ֣һȵͷ֮ϣ϶ֵ˲䣬һŰɫӹֱӣ˵ʮǰΪʥЧͣҺô֮ʱûҪֻԸ֣ѣʥҪ֣һΣõԸʱˡ
Խڷ͸һũһ㣬˭ԹϹȥҪǵ÷ɱ¶Цڴʱһ׹ȴǳ˺գʧߡ
Խգգۣʲô
Ҳ׹ˣüͷ֣ҾڸʲôãĪģвĸо˵ˣ
ʵѣԽҲнͷˣΪԹѾ㹻ˣЩɱ֣֮ˣȫһţ븹У̰ˣҪֵʱ֣ȴǳ˳еɢɫĹââһ֮⣬Ϣҵ֣ҴߣϢȾԹѸɢҲ𽥳
϶ӳ㣡
ôˣԽɲʲôƢܻĽһֱӾͳ֣Ƴ˹ȥ
ϼһɫ㣬ŹȣȻԪ࣬ôڻԪֻôݣ⣬лһġ
ߡ
ţ޵޵Ľ
֣ѪأԽһСʱվ֧ʵ̫ڲˣб鲼
ô֣ңҪ𣿡


380 Ů
϶ȻָϣӻǾͰɽɳˣ
Խһмʮ֣֮һ֮Ǳſߣ־ץ֣ơ
֣ң
֣¶֮ɫô֧ţΪ֣Ҳûվߵһ
ЦһѾҪˡ
ܹŲԽôãѾǲˣȴҲǴ˼ޣԽ¶֮ɫҪɱȻʱȴǺȻ䴫һը졣
ͷʲô⣿
֣ƣȴڿǰ׹ըķ¶ϲ֮ɫʥ̣Ȼô͸ϵˣ
ң׹ը˲䣬ҸоǿϢϢͷҵͫһɽǿҲʮˣⱱǳ⿪ʲôЦʶϽ˵ˣ
ʵ˵СԽѾ˿˼ҿڵǰ룬Ѿ˳ɢȥ뵽ǻһ⣬ɭӡ棬Ҳû˿Ϣ
ģ
Ȼȴ̫ԣôĺͳҵķʧˣǼǿߣȻѾע⵽ңĿ磬ҵķ
ʲôˣ
ʱѾϾȥ룬ԽǹģĵС˳̶ȣҵͷܣطӰʧ
ʮ֮һȺأ̫ţſĺۣϸֳĮ֮ɫ̫м䣬һɴİŮӣŮȣ񻣬֣ǣһߵСкҡ
ѾˣٶȺܿ졣
һ̫俪ڡ
׷ȥ
˶һۣʧԭء
ǰŮӣȴǸŴ˵زϢɴµĶͷƺ
ϢЩϤ
ǣŵСкƤЦЦ˴˿ϸȻᷢ㣵һ㣬ǾСкߣֻ۾Ǳģ¶˳ƺҪһ㣬СкЦŹִ֣֮ͯһаԣȻͷҧסŮӵ󣬼ݾ๷ĴŮӵļ֮УŮӷ·оʹһ㣬ƾڴڵѪȻͳСкϲѪ
һĻ̫ȴ˾ռһ㣬ûвһ¡
֪׷ңȻ֪˭ǿƴˣռȻ£ȫӣûп׷ңһȦӣұصؼңǣ֪˦ȥˡ
Խ˦˳ҿŭɫղŵ飬ôͣ
Խɫ԰ףӣҾǵСǹġ
ֹôţиֳһĨɫȴһӲǵ⼸Խڣ⽣˲䣬ԽовǾ֣ڵϲסĿͷӣҴˣӣ㣬һλᣬһΣգҿ϶ǰ棬ӣҪɱҰ
⽣ȻŵԽðһѱһᡣ
ҵȷûɱ˼ͷȴǿ϶Ҫһ£Ҵ߶絶һĥԽشʹСʱҲԽηУ
´Σ
Խعڰ֮Уһ˫ԹȴôҲβס
һ죬Ҫ㣬һҪˣ
˿֣ңҴֻ֮ң֣ƴδļӵܣվߣηɻ񣬶һŮӡ
һ׷̫ţƺ֣Ƽ棬¶֮߰ɫ˵ʮ⿪֮ڣʥʥŮݰ٣ҵȻˣȴǿʥ̵ȷû뵽ģ֣Ҽ
֣ƿЦһȭ˵ɹûǵ£µĸ֣һλѾˡ
νɹνЦЦ˵һǳɫˣ
֣ƿε֣ҼеĻӿ޲һƽ˿ڴˣ̫ʺϷֻǿѹ˵лɹô˴εľ֮
ɹûͷŰŮӣ˵ҪллʥŮɡ
ʥŮ
֣ǵڶƺŰŮӣȴǾɲû˵ʥʲôʥŮĳǸȴǲ¶׵лȫ
֣Ȼ֣ƿɲʵҲڻڣʵλͬȻ߰ȴǿ֮ʥŮȴǷʣ֣ЩŵǺˣ
֣ɫһ䣬ȴǱ˵ΪǸаʿǰ潻ֲ֪ûʵʵ壬ǱĹꡣ
Ůȷʵꣿ
֣Ƶ˵ͷûҼڹңʮ꣬ڣȴǡ
̾һ
ŮƺܸȤƳһ۲Ƶ֣ңʵȻǹ꣬ô˭
֣ԥ˵֪
ڴʱ̫ȴǻˣɫࣺٶȺܿ죬ӰӶûʧˡ
ŮȤƺŨˣʵ֣治֪
֣ȻҲлˣȻܹĹֶ꣬ζȻͬ죬ʥڻãһ뿪һ֣ȻҪ군Ը鷳ˣ֣Ѿƣٻڣ֣̾һ͵ûзڴʱ֣ҼȴȲ˳˵ʥŮ£Ȼǲ֪˭϶ؼйϵֻҪȥؼңһܹҳˣ
֣ƻͷȥ֣ҼĿ֮ɫȴӿ⣬ᶨҧݣ˲֣Ƶйȥа̾˵ǻ󰡣Ҫʥ֮𣬵ɲ֪ʥ̣ҲʲôĽɫ
֣ңϾ̫ˡ
ʥŮȴૣؼңؼңǸܲؼҡ


381 ֮
ֻ˳·ؼңһ濴Σһ黹飬ȴû뵽ؼҾȻҲܸϹϵ
˵Ӧ֮ϲˡ
Ҳû˼ڴձټؼҵˣҵ˼˵˳ȻǿȣǲԸҲȣֻȥİ취
ؼ˵ķӦݣҲ˵󣬷Ƿİɡ
عԪ˼˵ûؼڵʵȥ⣬ȻɣȻֵԸȥȻ㡣
֮Ŀڲǰ˵ǿûӣ£ֵܡ
Ȼֵ֣ܣȴǽ磬⣬˵һֱ鷳Ϊͳı֣һֱܳͻҲûںһƺѣνʵҲʲôֻʶľãȻҪӦøңǽ˵ᰶҲԸ⡣
Դ˵ֱϵΨһжȨӦء
ң͸ԥ֮ɫ磬Ըͽ𣿡
һ䣬ǸֳһĨԸ⣬Ͳͬ𣿡
ȴû뵽ҡҡͷ˵Ҳͬ⡣
ҵĲɢ˲䣬ЩΣСһٴθе˾ȣɫҲûСĺܴ
ԼۣܲʺϵĶ࣬ȻСѾչ¶ⷽǱʡ
ͽ飬һǳٳ˵ûʲôȤģļ֣ȴҼζҡ
ʱͻȻ֮䴫иؼӵܻ߽˵үС㣬壬ߴļſڡ
عԪǳûйصģȴɫ䣺˵ʲô
ſˮظ˵߸ļˣߣҪ
˴壬ȻУ˴֮ϵûжãƽнӴͻȻһţͬǾ֮ؼңʶĸо˿ֻţعԪ˵ʲô
˼˵ô˵
Ŀ˵ˮڣȳȥǵɡ
˾عԪӭ˳ȥ
ؼҺܾûôˣñ˳ؼӵܰκͲˮһһؼҵķΣվںߣһͿعԪһȺ˽
ţƺЩ˶ûʲô⣬˵ЦҪ֣Ҽ͸ûһȻô˵ϻǸֳЦ⡣
ֱ£и׳ļվذϼҵļ֮ˣ뺺ںϣڱƫƧ֮أзʽƫڿҰɣһȦףعԪ˱ȭ˵˵ؼֶٳδңؼɹԪ֪ɷĿڣؼأ
˵⻰Ҳûʲô⣬ͷųӭ֮⣬Ƿǰһʱ䣬عԪȻʮã˿ȴ޵Ļ֣̿Ŀӹһؼӵܣȴûзֶңǻ˵ذϼĪԣعԪôؼҼأܲȻڣȴڣǷҪ㣬ȻǼֻ仹Сڳ֮ǰؼҵһӦһѡ
˵䣬˳Ҳӳ˱ȭʺãȻ
߸ϹϲʵȴƣؼҾʲôı仯˵عԪѾﰵＷˣȴҥһ㣬Ψ֣ЦȻ֮˵Ҫ¼ȥʥŮ
˶Ͻ֮ǰ˵ĻתͷͿذϼ֮ɫûУתͿʼˣȻС㣬֣ȴǲЦ˵λ岮ɲҪٿСˣؼҽΣҪ̸λ岮İ
ƼҼ˰˵˵˵
̸˼󣬾Щ䳡ʶѰңڿ֮ƺһٴθֳЦݣ˵²ոλ岮ţ֪ʲộָ
˵Ҳʱˡ
ذϼ˵֮£ֶ֪֪𣿡
һʲô飿
ذϼҡҡͷ¶֮ɫ֣ұϮԪ֣ǰΣ֮ʱǵʥǷ飬Ҳ첻þ֣ңΣѹͷʥ̾Ǿڸϵ֮󣬾֣ң֮ˣȴѾӶݣ֪ȥ
ؼҿǲ֪¶Ȼ֮ɫعԪȷϣǷ棬֣ҼΣֻվЦ˵Ҳ¿Ц֣ʮһš
˵ưˣʵȴŭգؼңǸɵģһԱʮĺӣװô񣬸
عԪһΪ֣ҵе£ȴںȻ֮ٶȿһۣĪģѲ˸ϵһ˵֣ұϮؼʲôϵ
⻰Ȼ֣Ҽŭȴǰ֮ɫ˵ʥ̴˴ݰ٣ҲΪ˹ʮһεĿʥ̵ʥŮҲӶ϶ֶȻǳǰ˴ΪҲֻǿߡʥŮլʺ񣬵ؼԼҲǾֹڱȽļ˵ɱ֮ĻԣʥŮ˴ǿļ壬ܸõıȫ壬ص֣ҵĸޡ
˵ʱ֣ҼѾֻ֮ɫ
ɫʥŮǰԵؼҵģ˵˾͸ˣҲûʹؼҵ


382 ʥ
𵽵׻ԣȻֵıͬ죬飬Ǹ׳嶯κһֻϸ֮ʱҲԲ˵嶯֮ԣعԪڣһϽסͣæ˵үϾС£ҲҪһԹ⡣
ӼҲûе֮⣬ǰ˵Ȼ
عԪɿ𣬸һС˵ſ֣ʴ£ʥʥŮĿڣ
ȻҲɣɵĵȴȫһ
֣Ҽƺϵᱻɣ׼Ĵӻȡһöɫƣ˵ʥ̵ƣԪϵӦʶ
ƵǼ򵥣Ǵ󺣣мһʥ֡
Ƶ˲䣬عԪɫ䣬¶Ц֮ɫʥ̡
̾Ϣʥ̲˴£ô鷳ˡ
֣Ҽ¶֮ɫ˵飬ôƭԪϵأ
վںңȴʣʥ̣ʲôͷΪʲôعԪ̸֮ɫ䣬֣Ҽ֣˿Ȼʮ㣬ȻʲôʲʥŮĵ
ʥ̣ʥŮЩЦҿɲǵãԭĴͳʲôʱðʥ̡
ңʥ̾ʲô˼˵ҪҲûл˵֮ˣȻǣȴҪ壬еҪΪؼҵ˼ˡ
عԪı飬ʥ̶Ȼ߲ʣһɣΪؼСûֵ
ɵأȴüͷ塣
ʱҲƽֱ߶飬˵ĿżӲλʥ̵˼Ҫؼҵ𣿡
ذϼվ˵Բӣʥôôʧʵ飿ʥŮ˵ˣΪǰ˴룬ԲŻģȥɲǶؼҵֻҪǰ˴֮䣬һ̨սɳһսʤߣӵؼҵȻҲܳսؼʤɾǵġ
֣Ҽ˵ʵǶ˸̰ˣؼҵʵҪӮֱԣ϶⣬տ϶ǵġ֣ңЩźΪʵ̫أ˳ᣬ
Ȼ̾Ϣ˿֮ɫǵſϷ
⣬ǹһĨŹֵЦ⣬飬ԽԽ˼ˡ
Īʥ̣Ѽ򵥵ôӣҪ˵ɣҪôӣΪؼҵ˼ȴǺԣۣؼʲôʥ˴
ߴ壬֣ȻҪ˵壬ûйϵ˿ʥ̲֣ǵȻܾ˵ǰһԵģȻؼҡ
عԪǵһ˵ǶȻܾ漰ʥ̣ȴһ֮УʱҵȴƮĶ֮С
Ӧǣ
ǰһ˵عԪ˵
ʥ̺⣬вܵĵؼҴӦˡ
Ҳ˵ǣҲӦˡ
Ӧ˸ɾ䣬ˣԭǶƵ׼Ͼ飬˭Ҳƫƫؼңޱȵϡ
֪ûлᣬԴӦˬɡ
һڼ˵Ҳ¶ϲɫ׷̾ؼĶԡ
˵ϵڱܹȡôȻһ׮ȡҲûʧֻڹصʱǻ࿴ԷȴЩƣղŻĶһӾͳ˶֣ؼңΪģؼ˥䣬֪飬ƾʲô˿̴Ӧˡ
֣Ҳڹأʵһ˫۾ȴɨȫղŶ˵ı仯ǿģǰһ뻹鲻ԸһȻʣ˱ָʹֻ㿴ܹҵҵĴڣһֻǽ¼£ȥ档
֮գͶ֮뿪֮عԪҵķ䡣
̫
һֱõعԪ˽Ҳ˻
ȴЩЦҲȥ˵ʲôʵʥ̣ʲôΪҴδ
عԪ¶ɫֵֻɱ˵ˣʥ֪ˣֻҪˡ
Ҽ˾ηʵʥ̱ɽΣ
عԪ̾һ˵ȴȫһģɽͷܴ󣬵⼸ڵžأִɣнĺһ㣬µʱҪŷ緶ٳɽʥ̿ɲͬǸżԣڹĺɵֱɣޣϾסˣȻǴ˵û˼ȴǸ˺ϣִᣬܶ޶Ҫȥ֮ϱʥ̵ɽţһϣ⵺ȡΪʥ
ʥ̵ĿʮǰһˣȻûǰͷ󣬵ʥ̣ȴĺܿ죬ΪΪʥɹãһŮӣ˼ʵֵӦʱһ˴ʲôֱЩϵɢޣ׷׾ۼʥ¡ʥ̣ȴЩ֣ŮǱߵλܸߣ޷ЩΣŮбҲ̸ϣǵȷǶŮ˸ӿһЩ룬ʥɹŮкܴԭ򡭡ɹʵǲףʮ꣬Ǿһʿһвٵϵɹãָ£ҲͻƵ˻ֱ漣ݡʥ֮µ͵һ£Ҳ̤ԭҲ֪ôˣҪؼҵ顭
˵عԪĿݡ
ʥ̡лһĨ֮ɫ


383 ƹ
ִ£ҵһӦ϶ıʲôʥ̣عԪԣƺûвִµɣƫƫˣȤࡣ
ʥ̣ҪôʲôҵеȤˡ
عԪü֮Žⲻǳ˵ʥ̿ǲʲôʥŮƺҲ֪϶λܸߣҪؼңֻ׶༪١
΢΢һ䣺ʥŮǰû𣿡
عԪҡͷ˵ǰȷû˵ʲôʥŮ϶ڲųֵġ
ĥ˵飬ʥŮҲѲϵ
ûԵ޹ʵİޣʲôؼֵǮӦǽʥȴûǣҲˣؼһʲôܱϵģ
عԪ̾ϢһȻüͷӦǵĶؼڵ״ֻǲڶȡʤ
˵⣬عԪֹҿı飬𽥷Ӧ˹ǵΪؼûȡʤʧȥǨŭǣϾǴҵġʵôΪأڱصõģʥȻֻҪʲôʥɹԳ֣Ǽ̫ţӦκβҵġ
Ĵ㣬˵ûñȶķʽõ뵽عԪ˵ˣؼˣһ˭һսأ
ʵڲУֻϳˣαװؼ֮ˣŪݡૡĥƻĿԣȥ˵ʤļһˣӦûκġ
ֻǣȴǸԭ뷨ˣǲô뱩¶ԼģϾ澿ΣǸδ֪ô࣬͵õѡ
ؼ״ҲֻǴͷڴʱ˼ȴǾ˾֣˵
ϣ
ŵعԪڴֱ֮ӿڡ
Ϲ˵ʲôˣ
һʮһСӣȻ˵Ҫ̨˶ȻһıԣҲе̫˰ɣ
ôⶼΪعԪȻֹ
ȴֵĺ򶨣ңʵһӮã԰ɡ
Ѿ֪ǶٴζĿ࿴ˣʱȻһ־ȵĸоƽˮҸп˵ĺܴ
عԪЩ״˿ǣֵܣòүϰɣ
ҿ˼ĿԣǴһıȶҿ϶Ȼܾⱱ˴֮սͲԶˣ֣ͨңܹһʵҲˣȻǿвٷĲ˵ɭӡҽԽԸǰˣӦûʲôġ
ӦҲһģ⺢ӣðɣȻʱֵĳȶ죬ȻǸӣʵе֮䣬ְǵϵ࣬ҲԸ⣬Ҳò飬Ȼеȴ΢ֱƵĸоŨˣҲ֪ʲô뷨Ȼû˵ҪĻ
Ŀⰵ࣬Ǽᶨ
ˣˡ
عԪЦоԼˣѾ硣
ҹٴεš
ҿ˫Ŀ֮ûб飬ĮȻ˵ֵ𣿡
ƶСһҲҡΣֱ޷飬ҲôĻпֱܻӴӦڣȴ
СżᶨͿ֮ɫ˵Ҫúؼңϣᡣ
᣿
̾Ϣһߵĵ·ǲԸƵģҾЩ飬Ҳ޷ģҸᣬȴǲ֪˵ӣʲôأûн̹κˡؼҵ飬ؼҵĸ㲻Ӧ᱾ĩ
ԣȴһЦ˵磬һ⡣
ҳĬ˵ʡ
ӻȡؼӵΪ䱦ĵ飬ָʱҲпϧҵĸ׺үүǻܹؼҵĴ磬ȴúԶؼҿʼûˡ׿Խܹؼҵ飬еôҪʱ䣿
۾ƺЩ˼ˣ̾лҪģ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ֻǱؼҵһ̣̫磬Ӧ֪ؼڴΣһǣҲסΪ⿪Ͼȥǣǹһ¹ȥ֮أؼҵĵͷһ죬ǡ֣ҡ
˵⣬˶٣֣ԪȻˣȻڣ統ûնݳȴؼҡ
û뵽ȻѾ֣ҵˣҿɫڲҲĺܴԭΪ̫ڴĿǿҵЩҲãߣҲȷûʲô
⣬ɫס
ȴһϣôŬӦлرҸᣬαȶܹӮôӡ
סˣΪ̫ѣΪ̫ף¶ϲ֮ɫԵ棿
֪ԽģԼôʧܵɣ˵ϵˡ
飬ıӰȴ˳Ĭ֮УһԤУ鲻ô򵥣αȶ˵ȻһգĿԶȹôͽҲǲܣϾҲϲǷ顣
һؼҵĿɽҪۡ
֣ҡ
õߣ֣Ҽ֮ȫ߸ˡ
ƹ֮£ֳʥŮ欵Ӱƽ˵ؼұָʹǵ𣿡
֣Ҽͷȷš
ʥŮ˵л֣
߹˹֣Ȼ뿪
ߺ󲻾ãССԺʱʥŮƮƮģȴǴһԹζؼڶ棬ƾʲôǿԮܲΨһнӴģѾ˴ɽ˵ԸΪ˱Ӧûؼңⱳ֮ˣĪ㡭


384 ͷ
˵ǰ˴ڲıԣģȴǲС
Ȳ˵صɢޣ˴ֿ˵˿̵ıǹ⼴ʱ򣬺ܶѾǰվˣΪͷߵİ˴壬ȻҪϵ˴Уȴ£˵Ȼ֪ġ
ԣɣҲɳЩۿвɵĺĵӣΪˣǵǼ͵ǽӵģУȻûʲô˼֣ȴǶˡ
һʱ֮䣬˴ǰ֣ԼҲû뵽ôĹģֻǴӼĳأҲҪ¡ˣΪЩɵˣ϶Ҫ߹ĽӴ
ţҲǻ£ÿ϶˷֮ɫƫԶ֮صļ˵ܹôɴϹϵȻִ˲ƣ
ؼҲ뵽֮Уֻ壬ؼ֮˵ϲ֮࣬ԵأѾ֪˵̨Եûʲôģߣ˽¸̣ǲعԪҰĸδļڱ档
عԪ֪뷨ֻǻѪ
˱չ֮Уգ̤һȻԼʵⳡ֮𲻵ʲôԵЧȻŹԼһְյĻᣬٶȴҰԵͷ
ӣҸǳСӰԽϸֳ֮ɫԲ̫⡣
㲻ֻҪסȫ֤Ӯ±ԾͿˡûأʵѡҲԽϣһЩס
ǹȴûкôԽ˿֮Ũˡ
ûѡ񣬲ҪӮòҪΣ⣬ҲҪˣҪɱ˵ĻǣĻңҵ˿ƨ뿪ؼȻⱱҪΪؼҿǣԵĻǲҪǽԹ֪ԽѪӣǰԼ¡
֪ˡԽĴӦһȻήҵȴǵޱȣǣү̫ˣҵܵĻ֮ǰұҪסɷǣٺ٣ҪҲӦô϶ҵùһʹӦˣԵ̫֣ҪƸӣ˵ɷǻΪ᲻һỳɵңүţǸʲôǿһٱ
磡
Ҫﱱڵ·ϣһеȣòӴ˸磺˭ӣ
ıϣŸˣǸͯ˫Ŀ֮еɫȴ͸һӲɣ֮⣬˿⣬Сһ㸧ӵԴ̹˵úõô࣬ȵ˱͡
ԣ¶ϲ֮ɫ˵Ǿǰлƽ̴ˣ
ͯɫһԴ˵˵ٴΣ˵ĵܵܣҪƽ̴ˡ
Ȧ죬ί˵ôܹгڣҶƽ̴˵ľ֮Ͻˮ಻ƺӷģһʰɽ⣬غϣϵƽ̴ˣµĳƺɱңҲ˵ڰ
⻰ͯеĲɢȥӿһЩж̾һ˵̬ʱҲֻĹصɣȻҪ㣬㣬ûпŵˡ
Ҳ̾ȴƵóѵɫ
ĥĹΪакܶƫŵֶΣ˵ѻǶ񶾵˼µ֮һǿģȻδȴǼǵúûмǴĻӦһ֮
ڸԼмõİ취ǸıòѰƤߣҪߵֶΣ͵͵飬֮ȻҲУֵĹŹ֣͵
书ȴҲƫ벻˶񶾣ɱ֮ȡñ˵꣬ıԼò
ɭӡ֮ǣԽΪѡһ˺ܾã˸һĿʻǣȻҪΪ̫ۣԼ˸ͨǣʮ꣬ӦǸũɫƣڶȺҲҲͣҵũǷ̶ļ쳹գһֱϲᰣҲűܿҵס
֮ؼѾ׼óˣعԪ⣬Ŷȴ֮ɫ̶عԪ䱸
Ǻˣ
ԭ֮߳ˣȫİͨϣȻĴһĨ֮ɫ˿;ò
ΪԹĻԭ֮ɫ˵ģҵڣ£ҡ
һԭ硣
֮ö˾ˣҲûϸʣؼ֮ˣҲҵϢֻ˵뿪ᰵ֪󣬻¶֮ɫ
ԭֻΪ֤ԼݣʵڵȴũǱеǹǵĴۣòȫı䣬ȴǷҡ
⣬ǽ
ĥЩȤζ˵
Ȼ⣬ǵͷӦ
ǵ˰˴ȶ֮ұչصԭĹģٴΪССĵط߸ȥ˴Ӵ
᳡֮Ѿ׼Ҳ£Ǹ̨֮ϣżʮλ˴ļûλãߣżΣںߣо֣ƣɣⶼǰ˴֮ˡ
֮ǰȴһȲˣعԪ߶ɽ££éɽọ̈̄ɡ
һպյĴɣֲЩûλȻЩ˶һǱȴǲС
ҵĿм䣬̫һ˿ıվţм䣬ȴһŮӣŮ棬ǣһ֪ͯΪΣڿ˲䣬оȻһ֮С
ŮνʥŮ𣿡


385 ǳ
˵ǰ˴ıƴʵڰ˴ڲֻΪʣµ壬һ֣ңѾȨһؼˣûȨֻûƵ
֣Ҽ˳Ⱥڿ̨ôɵӣҲӿ⣬ʢᣬ˴пֻôһΣܹ֣˵Ҳһ׮ˡ
Ϊʲô֣ؼҵӷʣ֣ңؼҵȻѺá
֣˳˱ԣǾˣа˴ݣ֮ˣȻʡعԪһ䣬üͷʵеѹµĵ֮ٶȸ
֣Ҽȭ˵ձǰ˴ڲд裬뵽֮ŴɵῡǰۿҰ˴ԡ
滰˭˵ֻǰ˴ţЩΪ֣ԣ̬ŵĺܵͣһ̧߱ˣԼĸоȻ˵ȷǴɳüҲЩˡ
ؼӵۣܵȴʶԶңΪϵһĨݣдĸ֣򣬾ͲǸˣǱܵĺұ־롣
ҵֵ徲
֣ϻһ֮󣬿̨ϵļ˶Щˣһ˵֣ģܱƱвӶôˣһԣ㻹ӷϻ
˳ԣȴǴֱɣȴ˸Ц˵ȤһӶϢʵ˭
عԪش𣺡˽Ǯ󸻣ǺǮ֮ˣĩʼḷ̌еӷ֣һУǾ̣ศɣ֮˱һ·̹;֮ǮṩԴһ꣬ǮҾǴδ˥䣬ȴǻļҲƣǧ˿ƵϵǮ󸻣ǮҼ׶ӣС֮дǾ̣У˵һϢ
عԪ˵úϸˣһִ۽ĸо֮治УȻзʽ̸һ廯ʱ
ȻǮ󸻳ΪĪ֮һǴһҪǮͬԣǲ١
·أĴҪأһǲȻǮһͭ˵ķȴû˸ɣ֣˹֣ЩΣǴҹһƪ˵лǮѣҼ˵¹Ծȥ֣Ҳ֮⣬һֿյļ壬ᵱؼңϾǣһŴҲ޲ɡ
˵ţؼңЦš
ؼ֮Ȼбģǹ˹֣ʾ飬ô֤ϾСٱһơ
ûʲô˶ؼҸȤǮ󸻻Ĵ˸ǷЩ˵˴ıԣҲǴʱ֮٣ʲô˴壬ûʲôġ
ΨʥŮȴǳؼҿ˹ĿˮӹؼҵÿһˣƺѰʲôĿԶ룬ҵüͷ΢΢ˣȻǹؼҡ
ؼû飬֣˱Կʼľ˻֣̤˿̨
ҲῡˣʮͷͣͻƵ˵ֻһǸͻƣһѾͻһʱգʮӺǷֳʤı̧ȥ
ȻȷûбʲôϣǴô²𣬻ԵʧˣǮ󸻴Ƿȫ̵ʿ¶һ˿мǰ˴壿Ц֮
Ļװû
ʣµ˵ЩΣǵļαԸЩϹϵ԰нҪǴľʣӵˣݼҲѣܹƯ־أɷȮ˿ģЦ֮Ѿ뿪ˣ֮٣ֻ˷ʱɡ
ʥŮȴ˿°ƣ׽͸
ʲô˼Ǯ󸻵ţӶͳһƬһ졣
˴屾ССָʲôʣǿ϶ǲܵģ֪˴ڶʥ֯ġһֱأʵȴۺ磬ôĵ飿Ҫ￴ǾҪʲôãûУҲֻ˷ѵʱѡиߣ˵
ǮƳƳ֮ǰڵȫ̵ʿȻҲǲͷȻû뿪൱һˣ㹻ģ˵Ǳͬ뷨˲٣ˣľ׽Ƭ˵ȥҸƯĹһȥӰʵ̫ˣǻʺϱ١
˴꣬еΨһһ˿ҲɢȥˣǿҲǵڶСȻ֮ѣͲҪΣӦǺܼ򵥵ġ
գˣˣֱذϼңƼңżңʵȣȻ֮
һСġ
عԪĿ˵
˵ͷһ̨
֮󣬳һƬȻ
ûпɣؼҾȻһСӣ
֪ʲôؼûʲôã⺢δļ
СƨҲܸ˶òᱻްɣ
۷׷ףЩ˵޼ɵؼӵ˲ûаѱᣬֻҲ޷ֻҧҧӲ
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ذϼҳؼң̨ذϼֶӣȴһţŶʮ꣬Ѿ̤Ȼ֮ǰ;βס˷ܡ
ƺе㺦£ӵĹ˹֣˵ذϴ磬ҵ㡣


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Űשһ˹ԽǰߣϵҲɢˣ¶֮ɫ
Ķͷϣ߳ϸܵĺˮ飬˵ȫǳ飬Ȼеףǽš
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¹ҵҵȻҪȡЩʥŮƫģҲһƲ
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ڴʱȴͻȻ˵Ըһս


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ԣ΢䣬ԶԶĿ
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ش𣺡ǳŵ
شȴһǵ֮ǰµԼܹʤұͽܣʵǸʱѾɿˣԽڣԣ߹ڣȴǳ⡣
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ⷬ˵һһףƼ˵ɱҽʲôʱûгԵĽˡ
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שȤ˵ǺθڣͷԸʶʶǮȤĶңżȻһĿϣȴǸӺעӣʱе㷴θĸоĿŲȺɰͰ͵ͷӣԱ˳۵Ķࡣ
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˴żִţԳ֣СӶȻǶ֡
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ǽûãԺʹҸɴͰĹȨϡ
һʱ֮䣬˵ɫŹƼңʵ˵ģĿԴؼҵ˼
ѹôãγҲֻؼ֮Ͱ಻סˣعԪһֱϳɳأ˿ȴͷ˵ֵԣؼ֮⡣
ʱĬ
Ӻ
Ƽ˵˵Ҳ˭ȻԥϣôұȥɣһƼҽˡ
˵ţҪǰȥȴǱһסֱ𼱣»Ҫӳ飬ֶôصˣȥ֮أ飬ǽҰɡ
Ϻ˭ҲҲϷӦ˹뵽֮У֣Ҳ˼һ˿ûʲôͷģǸᣬ֣ܹõôԽˣջԪ֣ңǾֲˣ
̵Ǵȥ֮󣬶ʱĸˡ
ҿ۳Ūν壬˴˳ƺˣһ漰棬Ͼͻһס
ˣż߳ŭҸ飬Ҫսңʲôϵ£ȻҪǰǻȰҳ֣
һڣ˶¶֮ɫżҲ˵֮ǰڶվ̨룬˵Сӣɡ
ҽżһ㣬̨û뵽󣬻ҪϼһҲãǺҵ⡣
ҡͷЩϧǿҵΪֻǸոͻƵһ磬Ȼͬǵ̸񣬶ôãսҲƣһսвʤ㣬ֻϧȴǱżȡ
żԼӵѾˣֻһܴһʼûд
ֶСܹģôЩɽ⣬ҲܹųģżңȻǲ̫ԶܹõҪ׸ʥŮܹʥ̵Ĵȣĺôڹƴһ֪治ڵ컯ץסǰ
۾뵽˽ҶѣʱеС
ż촽˵Խָҵ飬ԼӦʲôԸ񡭡һ仰ͷӣҪжҪж죬˾һ㣡
Խһֱ׷ǰʣ˿ҿڣʱɬ֮⣬˺棬ȴ۾Ȼڰ֮УżʲôУүҪүһܳͷǸĽֱҪؼǣһһʱûпס⽣ɢ˳ҵСûˡүһӢܾôϲӣˣû˵ģˣ
һɷ֮⣬ںڰ
żȴûвңȻһ£˵˵ãǱƴΪܶ÷
ɫһʱ˻ƣһ̤ǰץǿשͶ˳ȥ
ѽѽѽ
Խ𣬻ѾǸӣǰשʱͷųɭ֮⣬ɭ֮У·һħӰܹħ޴ޱȣͷϳֻǡ
ܶ÷
żһͿޱȹİשԼжʱ֮ɫץһö壬ǰһӣɢâûüסͱש顣
ݿһ㣬שֱӾ͸żԴϣԽһȴڽӴ˲䣬һڽżĻҧסȻӲϻصɭӡ֮У


391 ֵǧİש
ʵҶֵʱҲѾӳͻȻһһשޱȵĹ죬ҪƵʱȴѾȳˣԽıûУɱ˶굹죬ż嵹µͬʱ˾ֵķ֣ϢҲͬһʱɢ
żǻɢ𣿡
ʣҵ˻ɣĿӵаשϵʱȴ̰;档
սδʼѾˣҪﵽЧ
λҿӮˡ
ŰשֽŶȥϸֳϲɫ
ˣթ
ܣ⸱ģɵҲ֪ıѾãȻżȴкµĸоղȥԼôҲ϶Լˣһʱ֮䣬ŭӿÿ˵˫Ŀͨ죬Ķҡ
⸱ģҪȺ֮ˡ
ʲôˣթʿ÷ӵĵ̯˫֣¶޹֮ɫ
˵ÿ˶߬ȭͷ
Сӣ̨֮ϣиվİСԼֻһң壬Ӳʣ˫Ŀ֮˸֮⣬һΣ˲仯ɻҽ
żҵ棬ڵĸ֣֣٣ҵ˫֮Уһɱ⡣
ٺ٣ҵͽܴСģȻĲֱϵð˳żң˼֪ûиϵûгɴһɣʡһðͷŰۡЦЩĴ·ʽ⣬ֻҪԼľǵԼϾܷ
СģϵġţȴЦ仰žϷ֮⣬ؼǾȻеӡ֤仰
ոѵ˵ҵĵӣ¶֮ɫ
һݵСӡż˫Ŀ֮ӿŭɫûзô￴ţҪһƤģңֱӵв֮£ˣżҵƽϣһˣż֮ȴǼˣСӣɡ
֮λ޴ǣʲôɱżҸذϼһ϶ǶҺؼҺ֮ˡ

Һԥ˵
ɽתˮתչ߼ҵ֣ȥ
عԪıӰֻ̾ϢһȴҲû̫⣬ʭӶ˲ˣҲͲٶˣֻǿ˿ңȴǿЦܲѣؼҾǸǻ
żߺ󣬻ƼҲǷ֮ĶӲαԣ֮ȴʲôôҲû̵Ҳңת뿪ҵ֦ͬҲڶݺݵĿҼ֮ѡȥ
ǵĿ⣬ȴͷЩأǵԼڣӦûǲѣؼҿô죿
ĵĵ㣬ܲΪԼؼԨҵĳΥ
ɢˣ֤εҲĻˣȫȥΪֻһϷʱ䣬û뵽ȴջصİשΪǿн̸ֵʡ
ע⵽вٴɵĺĵ֮ʱһۣƺʲôҵеİשȴз࣬ɲɶʵǲڰשͷԽ֮Ҳɭӡ
ɭӡⶫɲ⣬ˣаУֻȦӣаҲаȦӣôǰóɭӡǾ͵ڱаݣбǣϾܺ˼ɵĳ֣Ҳ£ؼҲȻ֣֮שǵüһʱ䡣
Ұ⣬Ȼȥ֮ҾͶ׼שԱʱ֮衣
ש硣
ҪʱȴͻȻ
ͷһȴһɽûһɽǮ󸻲֣ҹǼܴܺ󣬸Ҳߣܹʱ򣬷䶯˶ǺĴŴӴڱ⣬ӰͶǮ󸻵С۾гһߣש磬שȤ𣿡
ۣ
¶Ź֮ɫҡͷ˵Ը⡣
ǮһߣƽӴϣȴǸоһǿϢȻͬʱȴҲǶǮ˵ǿ
ҳһǧ𣡡
ǮһҲԸ⣬ϵķⶼһ
һǧ
ȻôãǱϾں쳾һͨ˵һǧʲôο𣿿Ǯ󸻣ҲعԪ֮ǰǮҵĽܣ򵥵ĸ֣ɵй
߲ѽǮʵֻǮֻôĵʿҲΪ׬Ǯ𣿲·أƿǵһλģû㹻ĽǮȥƷĲϣƵҩҩģȵȣƾʲôУһǧ򰡣СڣðһĹâˡ
û˵Ǯ󸻻ΪҲӦȳָ
ǧԼǮٶҪʼҪˣ
ĿǮ˵࣬Ǯ˵ȴǺܸˣ˵ϲש˫Ŀ֮зųâ˵Ǯ󸻵Ĵֱʣ෴ʽ׺ֵãղҲǼשǮܹҲһǮ
ǧҹֱĿѣԣ˵׻Ǹˣһ˲仹ĶˣԣǧǵŰשȴǰ࣬ǮһǧһשǮֻҲҪҰɡ
ȻʧٶǮҲӰѣ̾ϢһȴǱ۾Ϊ¶֮ɫ
ⷨҶ꣬Ѿ˸飬ٶĽǮҲѸᡭЩעǮġ
˵꣬ҡѡȥоԼĶڵѪǿǧ򰡣С˵Ҹĸʮ֮һҲǰˡ
ש
ǮָңС۾⡣
߻ϸֳһĨɫ
ϣǮ˵˺Ļˣ
һйЩͷʹ̫Ѩ
ҪؼҵĶ֮ʱȴи̫ų֣Ӧǵ˺ܾãĮȻ˵
ʥŮ룡


392 Ϥİ
ʥŮ
ֵ˲䣬Ҿһǿҵĵִ֮⡣
һʼⲻ֪ðʥŮ͸ؼҹȥ˴ڶһģֱӲֱԵḶ́ˣ͸ıڲ
ָо˶ӣˡ
ܲҵģ۱ʷᣬҲ֮УֻһΨһıݵ˰ɣʥŮܵľûкøУͻȻҪҹȥ²⡣
δı棬ΪͻȻҡѲҲǶש̰ҪͨʰؼҡΪ˽̫٣Ҹ֪ʥŮʲôԸؼʲôԩԺѲ³Ŀġ
ʥŮ㣬ҫԥʲô
̫еĮȻ˱ȣԴʥ֮󣬾Ĵɣǵ̬Ҳ֣һˣ϶ǻ֮֮ȥϰָʹǣ΢һ㵡ơ
֪ˣȥ
ұ˱ȭл֮ɫȴһƬ䣬ʥ֮һǵﲻģĹؼʱ̣ǲ֦ܽ
ҲãҵҪʥŮʲô㣬ʥŮȻؼҲģȴЩСˡ
̫űǰߣǾȻһ·ǰУⷽ򣬾֣ҡ
֣Ҳƣ˶Ҳϡ٣˿вæؽʱ֣֮˶ͣϹĿң֮ǰıԣҲǳһѣ˿ͻȻ䱻֣ңĲ²⡣
ʥŮһֱΪؼңСȴվؼң鷳ˡ
֪ĵͰǡ
Ǹ
ҵĶ䣬Ҷ˼ֿɬ
۲ұ̫ŵһЦƺ̬ȣָǰ˵ȥɣʥŮ
֣õĵط˳ʥŮһ˴Ǯ̵ʱ䣬һ԰⻨԰м䣬һ˰ײͤӣ紵ײƮҡӰӰ´µ¶һ欵Ӱ
ʥŮȴûдɴ紵ȴ¶Сֻ߲ת۾ֱײס
ҶҲЩ棬һ߹ȥҪͤӵʱ򣬴̺Ļ԰֮УȴǴĮ
ֹ
һ˲䣬ҸоϢңֻҪйֻ֣ǶҪ⵽һ
ݼʥŮ
˺һȭͤ˵
ϢȻɢȥ
ͤʥŮƺҲ͸ŰײңΪʲôҪؼң
û뵽Ȼôֱӣżɽľйؼҵ飬ĥ˵ʥŮؼʵ޹ϸ֮԰ǣҲΪؼҵˡ
ֱڣһΪʥŮؼгڲ˽֮ǰһǲȡ˱ص˵
ƺţ֮дżϷʣô
λش
򵥵һôȴĻ֮⣬ҸоЩϢӿ˳ֱõڲϵĸо̫ţܹħ϶Ūǡðͷ˲䣬ȴһȻ˵ʱ򣬶ʶ뵽ħ˵ǶԵģħĻ񫡣
ֲɷ˵ҪҰħԷӡˣڲֱ۵ᵽǶôȷǿҵĺ֮亹ͬʱЩңñӡˣԺ򲻵ѣԲܽ⿪ӡͻƵ˻ҲȥƷ⣬ԣԶӡȥɡ
ҵ˼ƫˣ˿ɲ֪ʥŮҶͷϸܵĺ飬ȴǰЩʧ
³ҲĲɡ룬˵ĵƺҲǺܴɣ
·ЩģˣʥŮһ뵽˵ʱһԴĺӿ˳һֱ⡣
Ҳ˵Щϻؼҵ飬ҵǰһʱ䣬ؼΣ֮ʱиͻȻ֣ؼҲ˵ͻؼʧȥôĵ顭
˵ʱ˲õԤС
Ȼ˵ˣ죡
ͻأ˵仰ȻһȴǱסǸкܴϵıݣȴǳΪõΡ
ͬʱһ֮̽ӵҵϣͺڰ֮Уһֻ۾ڶһ㣬ޣȴǸоˣ̺޷ݵԹ˵СŮ
ӣװԽûס˵ס
Ҫҵˣп¶ڣڡоҵϣһͷһضɡ
Խɭӡҵϣȥ֮ʱûпߣһʵʥŮʲô˼˵
𣿡
ʥŮૣѾյϢٿҵʱѾû˸ӣʵ
ˣ֪ȥؼԣѾ뿪ˣߺȴˣΪؼµıߣһĵӡ֮ǰ֣һЩţҵʱһ˵Ϣʧ֮ҪƳˣð˴ΪľǵȵؼҾ֮ʱ֮˻᲻֡ʧˣˣڣ㣬ҪҸ͡
⣬ҺԼ֮ɫ֮⣬˵Ͳؼңǹˣ
Ҿʥ̶ͷһ˵ʲôʥŮ˽ʣ
֮ǰ¶С߲Ҳû⣬룬һ˿Ϥ֮Уͷ·ңԶĹȥһ㣬ֻȴȫ벻Ů˳ֹ
ǸҲ֪ģǺˣҰؼңΪΪͽȴĶԼǸģҲʶգұȭ˵
Ȼ֪ԼʥŮʲôʱйʣ·ʽʥŮɲʲô֮Ҿ־롣
ȻЩʱԽʲôƫƫʥŮûţ˵һҿɬޱȵĻ


393 ɿ
ʶҪ
ʥŮɣȴǻһת
ǰ˵Ϊؼҵ֮⣬Ҳ˵ҲҪˣʥҲҪȥһ໥֮䣬Ҳܱ˴շ
⻰Ҽֱ֪Լ顣
ɬ˿ɬֻˣ˵ĵǺ˴շʥ̣ҪշǼӣֻ˸˵ѡ
ϸ룬һ𣬼ǰٺһһС¶ߣҪ͸˵·ʽҿûʲôܾܾ𣿸ǼϢ̾ϢͬʱȴҲ⣬ȣΪԼǸ߸˸ʥ̵֣ΪԼʥˣ
⻰ȴǲ˵ڡ
ǾͶлʥŮˣϲ񡭡ҹ˵ϲ֮ɫ
ܺáʥŮ𽥱翡
Ϳͣиɣ˵
ת뿪˴˵أ԰ʱҿһڵȴȻ֣֣ƣͷΪ֮֮ǰˣǻصʮʱ򣬵ȴע⵽ⱥľ֮Уȴһ˵ѾҪߵ˾ͷ
ҲһֱѹΪԭֻܻøãڣһжӰ
Сȴ֣ƿңϴЦ⡣
ǰǣҲʵ
֣ҵ֣ƣ֪֣Ƶ˵
Ȼԭ֣ǰܹǰʤ̿֡ҵͷ˵ƺǲҿʵüͷȴʥŮңͷҲңһˣʲô
ҿɲʲôֵ̿ģ֮ǰż˵絶ô꣬һͷһؼǸϼһ֣Ƹź룬ƺǿ⣬˵СѿһȰ֮ԣ
ǰ˵ȻܲӦҪϼһҪ˵ʲô
ؼҽдѣСѻԶؼҰɣܱ֮ǵ͸峺˵
ŶǰĪʲôϢؼ鷳żҺذϼңŹؼңȰ֮ԣϼһ˵ȴǹŹ֣Ϊ֣ң˵ӦøؼҲŶԣ壬ֻˣ֣ң㱻ţô㣬ҲӦ֣˵ֻ㾯
Ҫ˵ӦúҸ㣬Ҳֻǲһῡܾ֮УΪؼңֵá˵ţ߿
ıӰȴϼһңȻΪ뿪мǰ׼˼ĪҪؼҺ
ЩʹصԭʲôˣҪСӦÿ˵ĳǸÿ£ϼһûа׻Ļ˼¡
ҡҡͷѡ뿪
֣һ·֣Ū֮󣬴˿أ˳ͨУȴ˱׵ҡҷӳճǸû˺۵
Ȼ֣
֪֣ƿɫࡣ
֪棬Ұɡ֣֣ƣеӿ֮ɫ
ݷС̣֣һֱߵ˽죬ΪؼңͼԸؼңڣʥ̡˵۵Բ˸֣֣ʵƾʲôǸȰ㣬㲻һֱ֣Һ˾ءˣûɱ㣬Ѿǿ֣˵ʼձƽ˹ģԼĵ
ңֻǲƽҪ֣ҽ𡭡֣˵۹˼ôΰգ֣ȴˣȥȵ֣ȥǵʵȲؼҡ
Ҳûɱԭ򡣡֣ƽҿ֣
˼ǣ֣ҲԼʹˣƺ֮
֣Ѿƣҵֻˣչȥ֮ȥ֣ҲҪһᣬ⣬ұ⡭֣бҲƣȴһӵļᶨˣȥĴ£Ѿû塭Ƶ֣ңҪôƣҪôһ棬ҪôķϣҪôؽҪڷϻ֣ѾûʲôܹʧȥˣһΣƴɣ
ǾҪƴһˣô꣬һͼƽ˿ȴľֻ֣İȴûϲã֪Ϊʲôڸһĵʱоȴ޾Ļ֣̿һĨɬͷᶨѵԼĴ
Ů𣿡
һصؼңǲʥŮʲôϸΪƫƫҧҲţɴѯԽ
֪ǰ濴ӵǸȴЩŵԹ֮⣬˿ѷɫ㲻ǸĽɫ
ԽעĵȫһݣһЩԹȴʮ⣬ǹܹɭӡʵʹ˺ܾãһٸҲȲһ
ֻǹȴǿɼġ
̫Ѩ̾ϢԽԽˣΪֻǹ黹ؼҵ飬Ȼ⣬ȴû뵽ô飬һ˸ͽܡ
˺ܾˣֱ߽ӾҪ£ȴǱסҿࣺҪʦ֮ǰܾ㣬ԭв٣һΪ֪ԼһϸʦҲôʱ̵㣬ܽĶҲ٣㣬Ҫҵĵ𣿡
ˣҪ²ŻͽҲʱ򣬻ͷʱȴûУѾӦҲʳԡ
˾ҾͲڡ
ᶨ˵
ҿʣΪʲô𣿡
ʦ飬ǺصģҶ֪Լ˿أЦʵ
ΪҴѡ
Ļһ
ҴܲԸ񣬲ѵģĹϵ϶Ҳòȥ㻹ԼŵԣؼңңҲ黹˵飬֤ɿҺؼңȱģǿɿ


394 ʦͽ
û뵽Ȼ˵һڿЦõͬʱȴҲ鲻Խ֮ͬ⡣
ܲʶ̣ȷ˲죬ԸҪһѣҲǼѵģܲĲҲϿԭ֮һܲڣ֮⣬ȴҲһֵ֮С
㿴ңĵܵܣȴҪҵĵӣı֣ȴҪҰһˡ˸Ƕ˼ҵϺȻЦ⣬ͷѵԼĻ̫ЦΪҾЦôá
ܲĹϵǲãȻҲ˵ֻҲĹϵȻˣұͽܣ̸ܽĶʵ١ȻҺʦкܴһԭԤеΣգҪΪؼһɽȻӦˣҾҪΡ
ʦϣܵһݣˣİȥû۵Сϸֳϲ֮ɫҸоԼҲ࣬ͷҿʼԼͨʱȻҪΪη٣ûôۣһʮһĺӣȻѾ쵽ֵزǴҲǱ
ȻҵĵˣôΪʦ
ҿȫĽˡ
յһʦͽȴǲ֪֮ǻգǾñ˴ˡ
˿̣ȴֻʶƴǣá
ⷨƾ̺н飬ѪÿԪԼıһ磬ƾҲܹɱóƾѴӱӡķҲϲҪ˵佣֡
ò˵ƾڵҪԶʤ佣ҲнԵʣнĽڻ佣ʵ
ĲøոմӺð˻ȥƾڴڵſˮ¶֮ɫ
⣬⡭
ͷ˵Ļâ˸ƾֱҪϢˡ
ķޱȣƾƷ࣬һϳˣ֮Ԫʮ꣬⽣ȻܹͻƵ𣬵ʱΣһ飬ܶԸˣ˵ƾ޼֮
ȴó͸˵ҪǼٵģ˿̣һֱڱҵԴĸоңȻԼĴȣǲһΡ
ڶһŽҵֿң⽣ƾ޴󣬴ѾɽɡҽҲȡԼд֣ȴЩҽʱҲֻʵʿʱǨת۾Ҫ˵ʦˣҲ֪ôˡ
Ҳûжʲôֻǽѣƾѷɫ࣬˵ɽŶȻ⽣ȻɽµһĸҲܶҪɽ۲ݣҪ˵µһĸ˶˵ɽɽ£ʧ˶꣬ɽ
˫ȭסˮҵҲȻı䣬ӾηС
ʦ˵ʵ£ɽȴ˵ҵģԼ֪׷ҪʦСͽܣʵһֱҲûиʦĸһ̣ȴˡ
һΪʦΪһ仰ƽ飬һ̣ȴǸܺ
顭һö飬мֵǡ
ӡ˿ɲưոݵԸһģΨһҵģֱɱңϾѪġ
ʦ𣬴ʲôģ˵ȷʶȴǸйϵ飬¶ã
һԷҴһӡȿȣģҪСıܣΪؼҵլ֮һǿôʹⱬ飬ʿɣڣҲҪзϣںʿһ٣ҲӲű飡ȴǾⶫըеһʹãǷ㣬ֻȻҪĴۣȻӡҲὲڽӴ档
ţõһţһţԼֻʣһˡ
лʦ𣡡ҵĽ֮ݵڵϣȴڵͷ˲䣬ӿ˳ΪһӣСͲܵӣܲĮıģ֮ȴǱعԪΪʣ֣ңȻûܿ࣬ϣȴǴܴҲ֮ԭ
ֻпѣ˿ĳɳ
ΨһãԼˣֻãǱذģԼȴ˹ذ˿յҵȴǸоϡ
˲ɵⶼϣôʲôأ
һΣ֮⣬ԼһĽ֮飬ȻĴ
ȴûעı飬ű飬аһⶫӦؼЩ˰ɣ
ҵĵľԼ֮϶ؼҷѡ
ȴе࣬ΪңҲ鷳
ԽԽˡ
֮ʱʿﲻĽ뱱Ƕʮ꿪һεĻᣬ˺ܶࡣ
Щʿ棬ȴʿ֮⣬ɢޡ
ڵڶյʱаʿһΪڵаһɣƺƵʮˣ˱֮УʿۿţȴûзȻ˵аҲֻǿںŰˣһ㲻漰Լ棬û˻ĵġ
ҲéɽȽֱӣéɽʿ಻ɳӣаеж֮⣬ڴ֮ǰéɽѾ뿪˱ǾסڲԶĵط˸۲Ϊ
һȫ̵Ԫ
שҺܸȤԸô˽㽻


395 ȡ
Ԫȫƽ״ӣ˵תգ󣬱ȫ֮УҲӡ֤һ㣬ᣬȴѾǰ벽
Ҫ֪˶ټϼԸƵڵ˺һ磬ԪȴֻǵУͬ͵˱һҪߵĲΣʿ
û뵽ԪȻҲשͷ
Ͼһ㺮˪֮ûʲô飬ǹɸ߸ϵζȴŨҲûȫ̵ĸָ棬һһվǰ
ҿԪŵȴǲףҴֱӰνʣһϳ˵ıҲֻǱѡ
ɲǷҲڹŴѽܻᱻ׷н磬һĽǷѣȻҪһŽҽ⣬Ѿòˡ
ȻשȷǸ˵⣬ԪΪȴҵҲֻǿһۣҾջĿ⡣
˱ֻܲ𡣡
Ԫƺ֪룬²뽣֮У˵
Դ˽㽻ѾǺгˣȻֵȷԵȣȴǾ㡣
ԣüͷң
Ԫͷ¶һĨĻȣҲ㲢֪שͷѾ˱ʿҲ˼棬Ȼ죬ЩаʿȴǶ֪ⷨѾмɴˡհѷ׸ңΪԼȥɱ֮ҲΪؼȥ֣֮Ȼֻܲˡ
ˣ
ҿԪı飬ȴһӣƺ˵ѣשô
˵ʵǲ鷳ģ׸ԪȴǲԸԭжһȻשǳ⣬ͷ͵ڵọ̈̄ڶָ߸ϵ̬ȣʹשķһͽˣƻʩ᣿
ڿ֮һ˵죬֮¡
Ѿ˵úˣԪͷԼĽĮôͺΪ֮ɡ
תȥ˿ˮ
ıӰüͷ
عԪйⷨϢ֮Ϣ͵Ķ֮󣬶ʱЦãû
ӣ
Ҫ˵£ùǮ󸻡
һҲ֪Ǹ⣬˱˵ⷨôô˵ǧԪҲһټϵΧ߿ˣʱⷨˣԶﴫ֮£ҥԽԽаʿﱱʱҥѾשΣѾˣ
Ҳ֪ٺ߲˽ȥаʿɲ֪Ȼ֮󣬵һӦǾΪУ΢һ֪ⷨһһϣƺҲûʲôҪĻؼһ⣬ȴֻӡ
Ǯ󸻳ʲô̬˵ֻȷǸ˴鷳
ɱ˶ᱦ˵ЩҰȴнİ̬˵Щ޵ߵаʿʿֻϣǻҪԪǻ˸еķӣΪʵϣҲûˡ
̾һ粻ֱֹøˡ
ؼҵΧһӶ˺ܶİˣǷθͬƺҲûԼϢ˼վؼߣֻܽܳǾֱӷؼҵӵܣ
عԪҴҵĸ֪ҵʱҾ֪Щаʿڰ಻סˡ
Ҹаɴһ置̵˾޴ô֮Ҹ˾ãɲ⣬ضݣƺʲôıӲʵӦаִţһʬɣֻԽԽûˣǿߣҲ置͵ϮʬɣѾǲˡ
аɣʬɵȷû̫ӡأȻײܶ࣬ȴûнӴǵĵ̣ҸоǿݹˣҲû̫ǿƿ置ȥʿϾͿԿݹ˲Ǻ
ΧؼҵĳͷħڣҲǸˣǰڳ͢ٵģҹλСͨ͢ˣԼԪ͢˥ܣҲŲϵԺˣħڣŸӵ͵ͽҲߡ
û뵽һҡ
ħڣǿǵﲻġعԪ̾Ϣһ£ʵǲ֪ô˵źãһδƽһ𣬻ΪһԼֻǻԸ⽻ⷨģӵȴңȻҵ˽ⲻ࣬عԪȴһֱƺһᱻвˡ
ȥ̸̸飬ǲҪؼǣϹϵģعԪҪŵչص֮ұ˳ȥ
СӣվסճţиС۾ĺ˵ǽ۾ȴӿһĹâ
ҷ·ûǰߡ
棬˲һצץ˲䣬ȴӿǱһֻצ
оâһһģóשͳ˹ȥԽһשȻųڹ⣬侪֮УֱӽצҵѿѪעָĴţȴǱ⡣
Ǹ
ĿеİשѲȷҵݡ
ûȷҡ
ҿǣбһƬЩа֮ˣȻкøУǰΧؼҵ¡
Ϊ¶ؼҲ˳
ôĵӣȻҡСӿԹ֮ɫһħڵӶ˹ƺ˲ٵеİשѲ촽¶̰֮ɫⷨɣ
˵ţһӣ˱㳯ֱ


396 
ԽͿˡ
ųʮˣǴһĨЦ˵
İӣ϶¶ڵģ
Խ˷ܻӦѾˣЩ˲ӲֺϷ
שųڹ⣬Ǻڶһ㣬ͷųɫɢٶȺܿ죬Щ˹˲䣬ǰǺͷ·ӰϣɫͬʱҲʧȥҵķ
ǣүˣ
Խı壬ЩеˣɿڵĵģſһһȻ֮ɭӡ֮ɢҪǵĻȫӶߡ
һһǣ
һĻ˵ΪͻȻɭӡǺϤģҪһЩ֮ͬ
ȻӣһǵĶȫߣʮˣͬʱ¶մ֮ɫվԭأˮ˳˳
ɢȥСӾȵķֻ֣һ˲ĹԼЩͬţǶ˻һ㣬ðߣû׷ϣԹתСӣˡ
عԪؼԹۣһĻ˳˵ӻˣħڲưոݵġ
ȴûʲôĵģ׼һ㣬˵ؼҽŻ˴ԼҪһ۲ؼҡ
ԣعԪһҵĻ룬ˣ֮飬Ͼ֮ԱҲǸؼйϵ
ȴȷûں˵ȥ
˱ȭ̾ϢŻصؼҡ
ȴǲ֪ؼһССӰȴŴŵķ˵ʦһ죬ҿ԰ﵽ㡭
ؼҷյĴţҵǾȻһĨЦ⡣
ûȷЦ⡣
Ϊڸղһ̣ҺȻͨˣ֮ǰңһȦʶΪԼӦõ͵ܱעĿΪ⣬ͻȻ˵֮󣬲ŻΪѡҪڸѾǲˣƩħڣӦԣֻǻ㣬ҪשҲܣΪҸûаש
ʼգֻǸӶѡ
ȻˣΪβ֮أ
²⣬죬ôִҸɴ಻ˣͰשļֵްθߣҪеɶǶҪʱ򣬱ȻͻͶΪ˭Ҳϣֵⷨõ
Ȼɣ߸˿ȴѾ·¶һĨ֮ɫͺúõķһΰɡ
ǱҹĶͽԸٴѣҾԭصȴħڵķӦܿ죬Ӻ󣬱ѾʮӰӰ֮УߵҼв֮УӦþħڵĻˡ
ʮ֮ǵִСָң˵ʥӣϣСӾǰשˣղɱʮʦܣ
ǰģһʮͷӣ˳ɫ԰׶ֲ̬촽ȴʺļҪγѪ֮Уɭ֮⣬˵ôĵӣɱ˾ȻӣҪħˡ
ҿŴˣףħڵʥˡ
аţиϵĴзʽǱת
ȻҲڣƳ磬Ҳתħ֣ȴȫһ޵ⱲӵУΪ±̵棬Щʮˣڵʮһͻо޴ķԾһػطţпܱ֤÷Źλ
аתȴֻǵΪ˴Уƽ̵֮ʣὫԼһѧһķʽȻѡʵид뵽иڣӳʱ򣬻ĸеľѪÿһħڵתʥӣھ˵ߣⶼǴС
֮УͻƣеļһѣЩѵļΪÿʥ̵ʱڳɳһȫѣôһӵŲ֪ٴƽ̼;ĹˣаĴзʽ
Ψһı׶ˣʥӳɳʱҪ㹻͵ȵʥȫѣƽ֮󣬾ųɽ̤ϻԻ֮·ʱ
ħڣֻŵĴ֮һҲΪЩڡŲΪһаţʵϣʷǵ̣ЩжǧȣҪܶࡣ
ħʥߣǵʵҲڻڣӦþǴ˵еĻߣʥӻûгɳ֮ǰ𱣻ʥӵİȫ
̯̯֣¶޹֮ɫʥӴԣȴǲˣҪҵķֻǱֿ£˵أ
ʥ䣬¶֮ɫֿʥӿķ㲻ϸֿѾǴ治
ЦһĿӹߣ¶һ˿ɵʥȴЩˡ
û˵ȴ̤ǰһֲͬˮһ㳯ӿߵоâ˸ķĸᣬⷨȻԶһۣϵΪ
⻰ҲûЦԶһۣϵΪʲôƫƫȺûһ㿪Ц˼Ȼ
˵ԽԽɣǷԽԽжԲеĻҲ˵ڡ
ҡͷԣһ̾Ϣ
Ȼ֪жʲô˼ȴҲ֪Ǻûһɫ
ֱӳ֣һָҵڤָ
ǴԵʵħһָ˲䣬ֲɭ֮˲֮ӿޱȵĴأ֪˶飬Щ飬̺ŶٵԹڤֵָʱ򣬾һţͨԹһƵԹӿ·ֱͨڤҲ֪ǶǰܵԹڿл۳һöָģ
ָ޴ޱȣɣڿУͶӰһָͷųɣ֮⣬
Խϣ
ָ¶֮ɫȴ˿ûԥשֱӶ˳ȥ
Ҫ
ȴû뵽ԽмשһȦַɻصҵ


397 ˷ƶ
ڿߵʱԽͷǿһ£֮ǰ֮⡣ȫĸɸɾڰש֮У±ע⵽
Ļˣҽȥ˲䣬Խ̲סУڤָΪħȻƣֻÿֲݣ˵ӭսˣԽҪ·ĳ嶯ˡ
𣡡б⣬ҵļƻԽкܴĹϵϣôͻʧܡ
ӣˣⲻȥ𣿡ԽɥשƵãôȥ
ҪôȥҪôԼѡһûм飬Խֱе⣬Ҹ˵ĶǷϻɴ˲߶˽µĽǹɷ֮ոշов
ӣȥԽпڣͬʱȴǷᶨ֮ԣΪӸ߲嵶ȴԽҫͷӣͽҰɣңҡ
˵Խʣһ˲䣬оԼ·ȫˣ֣
ûԥֱӾͽש˳ȥ
ģӿҪƴˡԽǾ޴ĶָҧͬʱҲӿ֮⡣
ӡһƺӿڿγһöӵģİŰש˲ɢӰӰ޴ޱȣҪָҪһ࣬ҼһĻȴһ飬ԽȻôһ֣
һħԣǴһЩǵ顣
Ժ󣬱ҪȲСһĻȴ˾
Խ֪Լȥƴ˼ֻײǽĶˣʱȴ˫Ŀͨ죬ԼҲ뵽Ӱ֮УͿһ޴İשָصײһ
һĻˣжݵʧ֮У·һ˲䣬ԼǰĹߣһʿ߳ţͿ⾪˵һĻؼ޽ΪΰԺţȴ֮£һĵÿһѿľʯ촷ۣ
ʹүˡԽŭȴҧǰһײֳָ֮ơ
һץסשأתܡ
ܵڤָ˱ףҶȻ飬ֻ²Ƿֵ¶ŵɫʱȻԳ
Ȼħڵĵ̶ԣȻûֶ˭ֻӶأ
׷ʥбṴ֮̃ɫʧ̬Χ֮ˣ˶±ȣ׷
ߺؼſڳ˺üˡ
ȻԭΪֻҥԣ
û뵽ǽƴΪĲܵõ컯𣿵Σ̫¾ֳɵ
֪ͨţȻ;Բаˣ
˸ÿ죬ʧĸ졣
£ؼȻǱˡ

Ϣһ磬ѸɢʿĶЩԳЩµģһ⣬ȫ̰֮ġ
ȫפأԪ˫ĿȻȻһС֪ˣҾӦֱӶ
ոյﱱɽλϣҲİ𣺡ԲаУ
ƫƧĹɲ֮Уţӷ𣬴˱аɱ¾ǲ֮ҷУ꣬Է𷨸л
һʱ֮䣬ǣʿ˼
аңȫ̰֮⣬ֻÿ˵ŶͬʿŲаţȴǲȥħڣں׷ңңȴӿЦ˵Ҫȥﾻ֮£ֱӰҪаʿΪ䡣
Сӣѷ£㲻
׷ҵԽԽ࣬Ҳ֪ʿ·ϣħڵҲоѹʥҵ󺰣Ľޱȣÿۿ׷ңȴǺȻٶȱǣְ˦
㵱ɵãӻ𣿡
һͷкͬʱ¿кŵĻԪأĵԪʵ̫ࡣ
λϣϧһдۣҽɱ߷
ʥɫ裬ߵ˵
ǰ֮ûɱ֣ȴΪұ֮һˣͻ˵飬ۿۣҪټʮָܻڽֵӣҲ˲ˡ
ڵߵͷһңСӣʱˡ
˸һ֣ȴǰһҵٶȾ죬ҲȲϻڣһ棬Ҿ鷳ˣ˼Ŭӣ¶Ϸ֮ɫצͳץ˹
ˣ⣬ΪԼأܱ׷ϣȴǵ͹Щһĸ֡
Σʱ̣ȴⱬצɢ
ͺ¿ҪʲôзųŭɫתŴԶ׷һɮ
ӷʩ֮ҷԵ뽻ǡͷɮŹӵĵۣžŻȣȴδħڵˣһ˵
ʦⷨҶ꣬˵ǸǺˣҲûôԵأǳ鴤ȴٴμ٣Ҫûߡ
ʩԲӣзԣⷨأȻҷйأֻδ˽ѡ˱ׯϣ¶֮ɫ
ԽԣûЦţ༰ģȻҲ˵Եò˵ϺеĺƤʵˢ֪
ͺ¿ܲҪƤҪȴװһȻģߵģˡħڵ˵ͬʱһƳҰ˹
аħʲôȱУҪΪ˼䣬ȻҪɷ汣ܣˣ˴ҡɮŭĿȻӶٴΪһΣ
ą̊́Ǹ·Ļᣬһ̵ߣǰȴ·ˣҲû
ôǣ


398 ˮ
ǰվ֮λм䣬мɽϵҲɢŻϢ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôι⿪̫ˣһĵӣлʿʿ繷ߡ
ѣ
˱а죬֮аС
㽫ｻɽɱȫ
ϵڣȴ¶⣬ǻҲγľʱ׼֡
ҸɽѾӵжԱ׺ͣҲû뵽ҲһţǣҼֱЦãǴȥ
ģңÿ·
һ̶³ϱŭ󵨣֪ҵȺ⣬ڳԣΪɽᷢŭɣ
һ飬˵ϼһͭǮôϵˣ
ԣ³϶ʱһҵţָ㣬㡭
ճҿ㵽˭
˵󵤵Ǹ
ճϵɫ˲úܾʡ
ҿ˿׷˵ûңһ£ҹȥ
³ϷӦ˹ǳӺʹҲ²⣬ǻȴͷԣһƮƮĴȥͫһҪ֣ȴǱǳֹҵƻûдǣ˱㸡³һѪ˳㻹קŻ񣬵һߣڳ˵·
ʲô
ǣ׳ô˴ˡ
նڻףСӣǸǻ
ǳ̾ѾһʦˣԸȴ˵Բһ¡
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ŷӦҵıӰڿһ׷ҵˣĭ
ɽڸʲô
⸡ݼˣ˭ҲϾᣬֻƽ˼Сģ׷ҡ
ѣ
ʩҷԵ
Сӣľͽ
ͬˣƫƫ׷ҵγһֹƽ⣬ÿҵʱϾ˻⣬Ȼ˴˵жǽ䱸˼ԣ˭Ҳ̴˱
ϼһ
ǳ鴤浱֮ˣȻֳôĶȷǳҵԤ룬Ҳ˵ûӦ֮ұ·򣬳ŶϷȥ
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ΪϵаһţȴǺ֣֪Ϣȴûںפأڸǵм˭Ҳ֪ڹĵʲô
϶ıģҪƿظͿԿߡ
֮ղ¶棬͵Щ񻰡
˿̣ȴǳǵפؾͳ˹
֮Уŭ⡣
ߺˣ

ף
Ҳᣬֱӳ֮У󺰵Զ磬
˳ĬǺˣ
һͷǺܴ󰡣˵ѹûл
ɻͬʱȴӡͨң֪δ򿪵ģȻʼɢ¶һֱͨӾͳ˽ȥ
ӿңһȻΪ֪֮
ҹ׷ѾˣŸͷȥ˳˵ҵģǽˣ磡
ٶȺܿ죬һգ۾ͲˣҪûа취
˭
еӳǰˣ쾯ӣ֪ǰɣ
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ɮħڵĳϣϷ֮⡣
аһɣ¶ЦħδҪֻеԶ
䣬˱һ֣̽ץסһڲһ㣬֮˫־ֱӾͽ˺ѿ¶еľһ۱㿴ȥҡ
Сӣߣ
ٶȳ֣һХ
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λѣû˿Ȥ
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Խش𣺡ӣҿ϶һӺŨѪζ
ڽפغԽһѶϢһ˳ָķ֮£֮˱˦

мһĳͼ赲ңȴһשȥȫҲԽߡ
ڣҵѪζĵطվϾһƳȴǿһѪأ
ѪҪôȣҪôͺ䣬ΪϵðŰķݣⲻص㣬صҿѪصʱȴҲһֱ˶ϵĸоѪ·𶼱ˣΪѪм䣬һɿݵʬ壬ʬѸãѪˮʣȴøʬ˿ıΨ۾ȴţԶԶĿҡ
һѪȻ˳ֻǿһۣҵͱ飬Ҿޱȣתߡ
Ҵפصһͷ嵽һͷȻԶԶߣ׷ҲǸ˹֮ҵıӰȷ˵ûп
ûܹ𰸡
һȦǰеյ㡣
֣ҡ
ųǰ֣ң¶ϣʥŮҼΣʱҲһˡ
ʥŮ
Ҵһֱӳ֣ң


399 Ӧ
ʿּܶ࣬ᣬȴǴʿ޷ġ
ЩΪߵʿԼСɣѡפأ֣ȻҲ֮С
Ҳ֪ǰש䵽˭
ǸļһǺ
ǺˣһûΪûпɽӵּɲһ¡
ۣȻҲˮ֣֮˵ҵʱȴǸӣҪ֮仹ЩڵģʱͻȻ֮ǰֵĶ
ĺɫͬʱͿͬɥ֮Ȯһ˹
վס㲻ܽȥ
ʥŮԼͬУ֣н飬Ҳң
ҲȻŭаשڹţɫ仯йש˭ӲӣҷأֱӴм䴩
׷ڸϵֽһʶü˺εأ
һСˡ
ħڵĳϵǷЦһƾȥ⼸֣ӵܸûбĻᣬͱĳ
¶֮ɫ̤֣ҡ
֮ﲻȺЩʿҲֻüȴûֹ
ô£
ڱչص֣ƸоϢɫ䣬֮䣬˳ÿ֣ӵܱų֮ˣȴͫȻɫ԰׵˼¡
λǰ֣Ҳ֪εǣǵԵš
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Сӡ̫˲Ϊʲôôżԭɫףʲôʱʥ̾ȻôˣҲûͼ赲ֻǳХһ֪֪ͨȻת˻԰
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мáħڵĳɫأԭʥ̵ʱ򣬻ЩмϾħִͳţܰ˷ǵ˵ǻˣˣħǰҲֻСɫ
ڣȴǱˣݷ˶ħڸոճʶʵĲпᡣ
λǰ֪ʥ̺ʱǣ
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СӣȥħڳϺ˵
λʩаҷȱأ÷𷨸лɮ˫ֺʮһ׷ӣʹǣҲ˼ֻ
ҵҾԲܿŴаСһֹ̬ȡ
˵Ѻã˿ȴǹվһս֮ϡ
Щ͹ǵľģΪǻƺĹϵû뵽ʥ̵ʱ򣬾ѡϡ
е㲻ʥŮòôЭɣ
ڴʱȴʥŮʵ˵λǰֻҪ˶ѡ
ħڳ˵
ʥŮЦףһ˶㣬ֻϧҲӦ


400 ͯ
ʵϣҲֻ֮٣Ȼ֪ΪʲôҷҪʥܣʵǵʥģô϶ǱᣬǲŻϣֻռݾƵʥЭ
Ҳû뵽ʥŮȻֱӾܾ֡ӦԺлصͬʱȴʵ֮С
㣬˵һ飿
ħڳͫŭڲڡ
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ᣬ˵Ҳûйϵ֮ǰѾͬС
Ҳ֪ҲˣѾ˱ܣôʥҪɨء
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ȻҪ˳ɲ棬ںһˣҪôǺøУҪôǶС
ɨصĿǡЩ˵аȴ޹˼ɣħȻǳͷ񣺡ô˵ʥǲˣ
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Ҳ˵ˣǵ꣬ҫֲܵԡʥŮЦ

Զʱ˴ŭħڳϺȻ֣һָٴε
ڤָ
κŭ֣ѾǶȫڴŵԹӿָƾֵ˲䣬ϸ˸һööںڵģָبڿУһӲɣϢ۵ҲǻӶоâѩ׵ķӹһư׹֣ѩһƮ䣬ڵϵ˲䣬ƶȻų
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һȥҲϰٸˣҵֳ֮︡ɫһĻʵЩҲǼˣɱ֮ȴǸҼ𺳣˱ѧ˵ԴԴϵİ֣
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ڵţҲͯģѾ֣ѡɳʥŮɱ֮䣬Ƿ
һУͯȴ¶ЦݣֻЦݵĸоȴôãչЦŵʱұð亹˺ܾ֮ǰʱҵĻûʲôЦˣǲ鷳
ͯ飬ܹо˿̵ЦȴͬЦһ㡣
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Цţƺú˼Թ֮ɫȴŨסŻȵָǽŷı״ɮҪߣȴͯһץţƺڳ࣬ȴų⣬ͯƵ˺ͯŭ֣̽ʹһգץӳֱӶԼ
ӣǷʿΪۣѣΪһӣϵޣȴǾûˡ
꣬ͯһ˲䣬ϰɳѣͬʱзųѪ⣬ڤָϵԹӼĸһ㣬׷ɢȥӿ߲ͯ壬ЩԹ֮ƺһ꣬ת¶̰֮ɫħڳϣƺڴʩչڤָ
˽Ǵ󾪣ңȴҲ𾪵˼㣬Ϊֵͯ˲䣬ҾȻϣоһŨϵ
ϵȻѪ


401 Ѫ֮
Ѫϵ˼ٵģֻˣŻѪ֮ϵһȥ¶
ͯΪλѪϵ
ѷȴǱִͣ˿ǱһĻһ㡣
ʥŮĿӹиֳһĨʧ˵λǰְɡ
ħڳɫ԰ף۵ʿб֮ɫɮȴ³һڽɫѪζ֣ǿࡣ
ͯʲôͯеһȺѳʮʿȻһС˸ͷ
ԣӦòǺӣ
ĺأղԹɮǳŭݣаħ˵ö֮
Ȼ˵ȴ˶֡
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֮ÿ˶ʥ̹Ŀ࿴ˣνʥŮƺǰۡ
˶һ˼ǾֵֵãֻһԣҲú£ƫƫһ𣬵ҵеԣмаȫεģһ֣ҪνѣǺܲ顣
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һ˵˵ɫǺÿ࣬ٸһ̨ףҵȴǿһ£صĿʥŮŮ˵գһҪҸһԻŻҲҪǵĿơ
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۵ĵʿĿӹңżֱ䡣
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һʱ֮䣬˵ĿⶼۼҵϣƤ˳飬ͷܲζ
СӣʥҲʲô㣬ָʲô⣬㲻ħڣҲҪ㳤ϵְλħڳȴǺȻ䴫
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ͯĿ磬ϵĴңһӱ֮⣬˲串ҵ壬ƺ̽ʲôҸоҵαװƺҪ͸ˣͯĿذףһĴҵαװԽԽ룬ǹѪ֮ϵβס
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ת֮˫ȴǷڵϣͯҵвоԱ⽣ӣ
ʥ֮У˿ֲ֮ֲʥŮ޿֣ͯڣ˭ܹ˵Ҿδʥ̹Ŀ࿴ͬʱȴǳɻѪ֮Уʵ̫ûɣѵͯѪԵϵ
һԸ֣Ϊһ䣬֮󣬱ǹ⿪֮գòҪĴ߶ȻҲȷİȫʥŮڣдʧղͯȻûп̽࣬Ķԡ
ұ˳ȥһл֮Զû˵Žε̫Ŀң֮£һΣƴűͷҲҪɱ
ȻˮĴ㣬ûǡ
ҿЦһȭˡ
ոս뷿䣬Ҿյ֣˵ͨ˵һʲ֪ǮңǸǮ󸻣ͺ޵ҧҪ˺ôֵֵزҲмȫ̺ȻУƶҪשͳͳֱɽţһ



402 ֮
ǻȻȴɵҲǴҪשĽڣ֣֮ȻΪͻȻɽеȣȴҲû̫ģΪ֮ĹϵɲǢм֣ӵΪҶ£Ȼ˲ɱģǲȥɱ˵ħڣҲԹȵʥ̣Ȼҵͷˡ
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ɫ䣬˱ȭ˵ѣɽ˵ᶯĵġ
ҺɵĿ֮˵ôĿҲգҾͿɽóʲô
˵ţұ˳־ͰŹˡ
ԶƳһĻ֣ӵһǿһ֪ĺ˵ķѣװʲôװ
ǳ֮ȴŨ
غ֮󣬻־ץ˹Ǿ棺αװôģϢˣƤ𣿡
Ʋ֣ҡͷ˵ȻǣһҴѧģҪѧ̸㡣
ԣ֣ͷҡĸ˹ƵãаŷôѧҲҪȥѧɭν
һ룬ұϣˣеֻѵҵİɣ
ҴЦʵϣȴΪ˱ۣ棬Һͻǲɵ͵ģҶԣʲôаûйϵΪҸûָ񣬴Сͱа˼룬ڣѾٹˣҲܸı
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ȴǳĬˣң˵Ҹ˻ҪȰ㣬뿪ɣȪлᣬһΪѰ
ҿ⸱ģЦݣһܲס¶ˣʵʲô
ԥ˵λǲӦҸģΪ漰ÿɵܣҲɽҲǸող֪࡭˵֪֮ҵƽΪʵ̫ˣԭ֮Уһܣ
֪ðΥϵĻҪĶȻǴ£ǰ֪ȷ͵֮ſҪ˵ʲôİש˽Ӵ֧Ŷ׼͵ſھһĹźᾲĵĽӴռ䣬ҧгݣթСӣȻүҲţүš
㲻˵ôԲҡ
Ҳûļ
ҲڡЦϵ󣬵Ǹейϵ
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ǶΪ⣬ֻһؾѣźܶԵؾֻΪһΣȴǲͬ뿪ɽĵ죬յ˴šŵʱĳȻһĨţˣεʱһö͸ɽţֱӲ֮ϣȴǸûҵˣʦ׷Ҳûз֣˵ģֻˡ
и֪ⱱĴܣԭ˵أĹأ
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Ӧ𾪣ʶĻ뵽ŴЩ˵ˣݵأ𡭡Ȼ˵Щȷͷ֪֮룬Щͷʵļֵ۳ͻܴ
ǰҵҲˡҡҡͷĶ֮󣬲֪ûˣЩ񻰴˵̫ңԶѾɿߣҲϣݵأ߾磬һңɼΡȻżȴǽ¶һĴܣ˵ԭ䲻ûˣڶ֮ǰ߳ɵģɽĿɽʦŵ꣬һߣԴ֮Ҳܳˡ
⣬Ժз·ը죬УǸΣʽʼ󣬾ͱһҪ¶Ϊ棬ΪŵԣòԼǿ𽥵ģѾʻ㣬ΪǱʶ;Ǹڵģ˵꣬ҵһӦǷ˼ֲѿڶʱ̣ȴǺȻԼɽصʱŵдĻɢ֮ʱ˵һ仰֮糤ҹ
ʱҲȴЩˣѵŵ굱ʱĸɽ͸ɽ䡣
֮Ҳûʿܹɣ
һ飬֪˵ʲô
⣬ΪЩʱҲһ㣬̾Ϣһ˵
żԣܳɣ˵ʲ㣬䷢˸ı䣬û㹻ǵΪ֮ϵľ磬ڼ֮ǰܹ֣ڣܹΪˣѾǼˡЩӹ˵˶壬ȴ޷Ϊ˵ĴʿǣȴȫˣŶȥ·ȴãȻֻܿţ޺ۣһ콾ħۣΪﶥ֮󣬶ֻ֪ܵʲôʱʼÿһе䶥壬Ȼʧȥϣˣⱱڿٳؾ֮УĳȻûܹɹ䡭
֮󣬱һĹ⣬˵ؾ˵һĹءĹ֮УЩɵǰµĶĸ˵ǻԵħڳԲʺ쳾ɽ
ԣ֮УΣգ


403 ֮
⣬Щ׻˼ˡ
ֻǵһؾ˿ȴǱ˸ǰĹأߵķĹʲôŴУ
µţҲ֪жٵ伮ʧΪѾṇ̀ȴǳתۣҲǰĹ֮Уʧ
⣬һ㣬ǱǳԼ֮⣬ɡţħ۵ĹأԲŹ϶ȴ򿪶컯飬Ǽҳ㷹֮أûܹ̬ƽ⡣
ÿһʿ
ԻеǣȻһ֮УֵôˣȻǲѡ
һӦýȥˡҿŻĿȴתˣֱֻ仯Ӽᶨ
ΣգͬŻԵ
Ȿͳ˻һıֲЩɣҪĻǵĶȡֲЩСɣڴ˴νѾ˳ȥ
Ҳ˵ͱɽǻһȥɣҲˣµԼ޴ջǰȻ顣
ģЩĵ֮⣬иɵĳԼߣ漰Ķʵ̫ˣһˣûһңҲûȫ˵İա̾һٶ˵˸ܡ
ֻһܽȥ𣿡ͫȻЩϼһﶼܹȥǻʲô£
Ϊ㣬ΧڼʮǰѾˣеԴͱϷָɾڲֻ˲ܽȥƣܳʮ֮꣬⣬֮ءǸطûˣֻ֮صСҲûʲôԵڣаϼλˣȫ֮ƿô֮ʹø֮ˣܹ֮صȴΪҪУԼҵڲõô֮Ȼһ߳ȻҪӶߵģЩ߸ϣ֮صȴӳǻͻص֮С˵أһεı̫û׼ѹ޴
Ǹ֮˭˵𣿡üͷ壬һҪȷѪ꣬ҿ󣬲ڲ㣬ĵشֻҪбȻɱⱱؾǻԵҲΣпнĶŵ˵˭ͻȻ䱬ϢԵζҾúпı
أеɶ֪ͨˣн磬һҪмǻǲᱻֵġ˵ʵԣʵ˵ҲɣΪרŲһν뱱ؾջвٹ֮ɶǰãƺӡ֤ʲôѾвˣ٣ǱҪȥģǼٵģǰһˣ桭˵⣬˶٣ӿһĨǣȻҲģôнȻңǰĴг˭Ķ
ʦأڣԱǰΣҵһʱ뵽˽ӣʵ֮¼޵УȴԱ˰ȫ
ʦûȥ˴ɽҡҡͷиֳһĨǡ
ɽ
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405 
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406 ·
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ΪĵΣڸӣԶŴһ㣬ܶľ׳ĸ¶˵رľ֮Уʱʱе֡
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ҵıӰʥŮȻ֣֮Ѿ࣬ǲʡ
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408 
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Ȼǳ׷ģȴǿ⡣
׼ҵֵܣǿɰ
̲ס뵽ĸˣֱǿɰ˼㣬ȻҴʥŮ˳ȻʥŮû˺ҵ˼ȻֱǱңǣȴʼиоǾʱ޿̲ڹעңڰп̽ʲô
һҵԼҪĴ𰸣ʥŮҲұʲôˡ
СӣӲ
սȣͬһ׷˹
ȫڵԪǱˮóһ㣬޷˦
ӣҳȥҳǣ
ԴӿԽ۾ͺˣҲ֪ΪʲôƺĻǺǴѣԸĸôѵ飬Ҳӧˡ
ȴǲǾĸˣֿǲµġ
ĸһҪɱңѶҲСֻҲԸǾΪһסŲһʥŮֻֻص֮ǰεľء
ǰԶͨڲĵ·ˣ۾ӽӴȡһöԪֱӾȥҷ˶أʮΣڳɹʮȴûǷָʤֻȻٶȷأֻսٶȣҲʮ˲ͺ˾롣
һֱڰԻ
ͻȻٶȣð׼˵۾֮ǰˣƺЩ⣬һֱõĸо׷Ȼ׷ңͣɳƵĽʾѾ˼ޡ
ݺݵĳһӣǺ⡣
ڴͨһͷؾڲ㣡
һֲͬĸо˵ʵʴڵĿռ䣬ôڲ㣬⿪ٳ硣
ɽ޹ȫͬ⣬˵ظ˵ĸоȴʵ
ҵе㲻ãһ֣һٲ֮ϣ⧲֮£ˮķ˳ȥˮ̶£ȴмڻս
ͻأңǵ۹⣬˾Ķңڷҵ֮ȴ뱬ϲ֮⡣

Ǹӵļһ
һˣʥ̲ڣ
ֹͣǽĿҵϡ
ҿЩˣȴɫŹ֣Щ˵ΪֻǸոպһ磬еˣһ綼ûУûĸɳĺĵӻֻɫЩеɣҲԲܡ
ôЩôģ
ץסǰҪֵǮõʤһУ˳֮͸һɱ⡣
ЩѾѬˣҿǣҡҡͷȻڿյģû˿ԪǶԸǣûʲô⡣
ҪôõģҸǡ׳שͷԽХһڡ
һ䣬Щ˿϶Ǳɡ
ԽЦİӣ
תӣٲȥղѾ֣ٲƺһأ⼸ɱӦҲΪٲߵ¡
ҾȻǷֵĵطȥ˽ǾŭͺܿĶֶ˼С
ǵĶֿү
ԽһͰЩ˶ˡ
ûãʹ˲ҽ֮
ѾȥˣҴٲȻֱж죬мʬ壬ٲ֮ҿ˿Щ˵·ҲûɵıʶǸһݵɢޣӦǿʱˣڶɡ
Ǹṩ˱ˣֱӴŻͿһǺܴĶ
߽ȥһмһߺǣ⺡ϣŲƵĵۣµţ·ͱˣ⺡ǣȴǾӨ͸˵˴˵ȥˣǰǻΪ
˹ȥһʯϰӣ򿪺һ黹һСӡ
СӡƺĳݵıʾСӡӡµ¿֡
ˣѲ۵ǰ
Ǹ۵ϵʿвŹ֮⣬Ҫҵıûе֣ҽȵǣȶ컯
⻹ԻĲ񰡡
һ飬Ϊ۵ؼ֮ȴЩʧȻһ֮
˼壬Ʒؼڵ۹ӦûͦģҪ˵ʵԣȴǺܲΪҸȥ
飬ҪʱоģҵüΪ㣬￴˿ֻܲĵĳϣȥǰ޳ﰡĶȻ
۵СӡָȻдһǽڸոԪȫߣȻСӡųɫĹâһš
ͬʱ˵Լм֮⣬۵״һɫ䣬һնɱǰĻͷޣͷ­֮ȡһöѪģڵȻ󶪽Ŀڴ֮У˵
ӡϢ
һģˣǺһʵ¶ϲɫ
ʦִˣսҵӡ
˶ݽһͳҵķѸٶ
ɲˣƩ˵ҵѣħڡ
ħʥӿе̣۾ҪԼĴУҪеԿףǽʱ򣬾ѾӡǣһȺͲ֪ͻȻ䶯ҵԿףҿҪһ֡
Ҳ֪ڹעǣȻ
ڽȥ֮ǰɳѾǣƣֻܵõĺô
ҿɲ֪ȻЧӡ㶪Ӵ֮㿪ʼϥԪĵ̫࣬ܲһֱûԪطҲأǶݱչصĺõط
ûãԽĻһε֮˩ȥʿĻǣҿԽ˸սһףһõĻǱǰ
ӣСѾʰ޷ˣ㾡ʡ
ҿ澪ŵʿлһĨ⡣
ɢޣνⱱؾģ


409 
ؾһֱƣƣҪõһǻ˲СĹ
ЩͨɢޣȻ˽һҲǺõŸŻ˽Ҹոսڲ㣬Ϳˣȫɢޣǲġ
ѾȥɫҰܣз·ûн࣬Ϊ˵ʲôˡ
ҵʣȻ֣ȴûκαʾͺûңһʧȥϣˣģ
ֻ˶ѣ߻ת˵·ٴ󸻴㲻ұ֤תĻᶼûС
¶֮ɫһ
ûУСӣŲүɽɳԵ
Խʱ򲻻Ŀɺͷ촽
ԽĻϾ뵽ղŵĿֲһĻͬ蹷һˣȴޱķʽɱǣ븹У˸ս̱ڵϣֻֻء
ҵ˵ͷԡ
ƺˣ̾һ˵ֻǱһɢޣдɵ˶뱱ؾ֮󣬱ͱÿյЩɢԼСɣ뿪ˣʱٴ

һ䣬¶֮ɫ
ûмǴĻؾֵʱ򣬾쳹
ûʿҲв⣺ֻ֮ǰ֮ǰӴޱȣȴΪ죬ڱϱĸ򶼴Һͬ˳ķһ·׷˹ȥȴǷ𾪵һĻ
ֱ˿̣Ȼ޷ƽ·뵽ԼǸ档
ⱱؾȻٴοˣ֮ǰһ֮ǰֻһڣһģڵĸںС˵ĸоӲٳͨʼ˻ɣ˽ȥ˺䶯˭֪αؾʲôĻԵЩеɼûԥ㳲룬СȻҲŹ֮⣬Щ֮ˣ˵س˾޴ʣ˵ȡˣǴɣв˽ڲ֮У֪ڲˣЩһˡ
⣬ҵɫѾѿ֮Ǿ޴תۣؾƣȻȡˣ
˵խСͨӦòؾı仯пڰؾӲٳĸͨɲһС£Ҫ֪֮ǰɵĳϵ˴͵ؾģҪһ֣ǿĸͨÿͨһˣôҲҪĸˣҲ˵ĸ֣пܷ˽
Ͳһ˵ţ˵ѡ
ģΪ˼˺ܾã̫ˣЩһãɻǰ˽Σϵϧԥôãͨرյʱ̣һûס˽
˵꣬ڲѣˮλɱ֮
ЦһװĹǲ⣬ôɱ¶Ҫиǵȷҽһܣûв´֪ǰֽڲӦò࣬ΪҼǵһؾˣ˴ӽٵҪٲ۵ġ
֪Ļжˣ
ĿⲨѯʳҪ⡣
ٶʮˣɵǰǱȽ٣ΪĻߣѾһ򣬷Щеɣ϶ǵӸһġ
ʵ棬ǳϡ
һҪϢ
ҺȻ֮֮ǰ׼Ǳ·ٵĻ棬֪еɵʿӶᣬǵʦųˣкϷˡ
ǹճһֻЦ⣬лᣬҪٳɴ¡
϶Ҫȹ˺Լǰ¡
ҿ϶еĿ꣬ڱһûзŹĵ
ҷߣΪ֮
ҿʿ֮ɫ
Ȼǵһ᲻
Ϊһǣȴȷ飬ҵһԽ˷ſʿ¶֮ɫһȭʧ
ԼµȴԹñˡ
ѾȥͶ̥ˣҶԽ˵Ҫչһʱ䣬Ϊһ
Խԣǰһ˵ӣҰɡ
һЦʱ㣬شұ㷢ɱҪߵͷ
Խһͣ¶ȿ޻ҪѿЦȻִ˼
ԽѾ뿪ҹ۲ȻְǴ򿪽Ӵҽ˱䣬֮ǰãǵ̫ҡΣĵطȴǹܲˡ
һұҪ취Ūǡ
еİשҲЩͷۣʱԽͻ룬ȴǸ˾޴ѣܲ˵ⷨ˰ɣ
Щ̰۾ҧҧӿ֮ɫģҵĶҾ͸
˵֮䣬ԽЩɱʿЯķ˹ΪɢޣǵķȻȽʣûôѹҾͽЩɷһţ֮óԼոյõ֮Ȼⶫ̫ܶôһЩŵ֪ʶȴǲѣ΢˿бףҰ۳棬棬ֻǺͨѣʢȡлʱ䣬ҳգĿȴбİ취ɭӡȡһЩԹ׻а͸ľһ㣬֮ȼգһðϸߡ
ЩʿȻ֮Աǣ˵ȴǹˣҽЩĲƬ֮У˼־ûãƬͱ˺ɫĽҺȻҪľǽ⽬Һ۳ɰש״
չȥٲ֮⣬˵ؾûκζڴʱȴͻȻ
۵Ѹٲ֮ɫ
ӡϢǴ﷢ġ


410 Խջ
һ۵ΪܳĵӣɣҲ蹩Ҫģǿޡ
ŽʣŽԵаʲôǲôһͱȷΪδĹ˵ʾˡõʱϹĻ˵ǵŰ˰һľţֻϧʱڶǰĶʢʱڣһнǰ̣ɾڣȻǳ㡣
ʿ˵ͬʦֵܣλرֻּαĽɫѡ
ʦ֣һô죿
иʿʵ˷ǰȻЯߣȻǵű
ȥ
һǵҲӡĲֻעԪ֮Ż֣ͻȻһ֮󣬱㳹׵伣ˣǱѲ
ȻѸٶȴѾʲôϣˣǳٲ
˵Ȼү㿴ţүǺǵ𣿲ǣүǸ𣿲ǣү͵ɣ
Խ˸ˣǸ߰˷һ֦ÿ˵һ仰ͺݺݵĴһ£ͻȻ˵һȣԽƵùЦ
ǵүĺ
ڵ֮ʱȻߴŲԽŵðһڽˣһӱ˸ĵЦ
ӣˣѾ˺ܾˣֻǰûп㣬˵ȴѾҡ
ȻǰȴǿյһƬ
һԶȴ˳ٲ߹ԭӣһ
Խ˳һĶģ˸ãĿЩˣҧ˵СӣүˣһǳٲģСӻڱչأһˡ
뵽Խ˸£ֳԼһƣôôˣתһ룬ҲЩ˳ȥܰСӸɵͷճ֣ͱԽСаŵĽСҪŪѡ

Խҵһ䣬ǻԹ˹ȥ
һǰУǰȴһڣŨԹǰסдХ֮Խ˷

ûм˾Ҫ̵˼ΪѾСӲǣֻǾð˾Ϳˡ
ǰˣ
һŭϲ·Ǿ˵˺пܻûߡ
ǰǰԽ룬Ȼ˷ܵԭط˸ͷȻһֺĸоôˣӳôˣҲû˽ҾǰСǰĻĸһ˽ǰˣСӵ˼ǰ;Խһ˳һɢȥԹװǻ˵ȿȣСӣ۹вգԽҲ
Խ
֣ȴǾĪϤ֮ǰ˵Ļʿ켸䣬Ȼʵ
ǰʲôϵ
˶ˣԽôɵ飿ۿҲ׷˺ܾõȻǣһԽڤڤ֮ȴ֮УȻʮ㣬ȴһζѲɾˣ΢䣬뵽˵伮صģĹؼ黯Ρ
ĿԽͷϵֻͣһȷž޲ľҲ
ʲôϵ˵СӰɡСӲ˵ûǸǸʲôѵүǣǼһūͣ𣿡
뵽⣬ԽоֹסĿܣҲ̫ˡ
ؼʱ̣һȴԳѾ֪һУ˵ǼɱķİשȻǰйذɣûв´ǰȻ飬ǵ΢ĩΪȴ֧ʹǰֻ˵ǰȻǣ˵ж㣬ǰŻշһʱ䣡
ⶫӵУǺһһʿӵУûûеˣһȴǸ˸ΪȷĴ𰸡
Խ˶ʮ룬գգۣȻ󷢳һЦޱȵãһ˳۵Ըӣ˷ܵĳ죬ȴԳ֡ǰݣſƣ˵СӣҵѣЩүүүүжΪ˱շ꣬ҲʶȤΪֺңĳŶ˵ˣһиԶܣ
ԽЩ죬ȴ˿ĳȵһӰ죬Խʵ˵ǰӦɵˣСӣûǰ
ԽΣȴ¶Ȼ֮ɫһ˦ӣߣԽ˵ȼˣһ㻯ڣһսôһСӣ
˵⻰ʱ鲻ԽƳٲãСû
Լһģһ
һӹˣʷϲûӣԭ䣬ҪôᱻշˣҪôͻᱻߣ˵·ǳĵɣ俪ɽʦˣһ飬ͨҩ֮Խȭ˵¶ǰ۵Ŀ䳤ϣ
һǰһģ˲һһǿߣ۵ҲôأͲһˣûƣģ˳շ߰˴۵ӶпܣοԽۣô⣬Ȼᱻһãһɱ
䳤ϣ
ԽûȻ˻룬ʵ䳤Ǹʲôģ
һһ˵ܳϼĴҩӦоУǰʲôôԷɵǰȥɣǴﵽн֮УڶʿһɣۣЩģ
ԽȻĶĴѸתӦûӰɣ
һ˵Ȼ˭ʸǰеӶִ񣡡
Խ˿ĭɽĳʿҲҪ˰ɣ
ڵĽӡ
һȻ⣬ȴЦһ˵ǰ˵ЦˣɽȻʢۿ˿壬ǰΪۿ䳤ϣɽҲҪ֡
Խб⣬һӦּҪѿڶ
ڴʱȴи
ȵȣ


411 ħŮ
ѭķȥħںӰ߳ͷħʥӣǶ˿ĺִۣ֮żֻ˿ᴩȫĹ켣Ȼ˿Ҳһ
Ӻĵӣÿ˶еơ
ħʥһɫúѿôɵ飬ԼǰŸյãħʥӾ͸˹
ң
һĿ䣬еճȭͷ
ʲô٣ǡˡħʥӺ֮ɫһôãϾɽ֮дþˣĵİղ㣬аЩˣСϰڶֱһԽȭһݣ˵ǰʲôõģնǴֲ赭ͷܵǰ⣬ħڣ⣬𣬲ûκιԼ
Խˣû뵽Ȼ˶Լ룬̿ˮֱѵүĴҪ
һԣȴǲȻŭһһöɫС˳⽣ֻаƴСһָһ֮£ȴӭǣܿͱͨС⽣ȴ翣Σֻеɫһ롣
Ӱۺħڿ϶ˣħʥӵȻǵϤޱȣһۿȴ΢΢أȺϼһȻܽﶼ㣬ѪΪҾͻ𣿡
һƾһͣȴǳһѻִ󵶣Щ˵ҲûнӴƵɣжȻнӴģħʥӾӵд֮һִ󵶱Ѫ⣬ɱ¾Ϣ۳ʵʣһͷ̽һһ
ħУһȻħڻһķ㣬ʷĽսӰƺʤħеĴɣ
۵ţʲôϵħʥ裬ħоҪһ¡
ʱȴǴƬĽŲ
ǣһȫħʥһ׷ȴ֪ԼҲͱ˶ˣһֹһ
˿̴ӵȴöɫ࣬񶼱һħʥӣĺ£
ħʥŭȴǱ䣬ߣ촽˾ɣ춾̡ǺôĵӣȻҸٱ𣡡
춾ҲǸϵɣΪԭöţǵĶӰΣԹس̶ȶԣ˿ѷɫ置ֻ置Ĺģ󣬶춾ȴǺٳǴӹ񣬾Ͳ˴ȻԼҲںһҲһȺӣоŶǸɽЩĵʿȴЩƣ׷ⵤǣȴ׷󶾵ʼҪԼɶˡ
֮һݼͻǶҪ۳ɶԴ˷
ӹȴδɹ춾ɱƫִڻڲϵĳԣǶһȺӣӴ򽻵Ҫע⣬ħʥӸһ˷ղŶᣬֻҪֳʤԣ̫࣬ȥ޴Ϊˡ
ʷˡ
춾֮дû֮⣬ֻħʥӶȴǷ̶ղô˵ġ
һ¶Ц֮ɫǣλѣ֣˵أ֪ʲô㣿
Զʱڳ֮Ϊµµг֮ͷһ״ӻ
壬Ϊͽɵɽɼͽ⻪ܰǽҳΪ״ֻ˵ʿ죬ƳŶˣҲû̬ȴһɸ߸ϵϢǰȥԼɣΪβأ
˵ţԽһݣǰСɽ֮ƣϹŴ˵ĸĵȻлоɫȴΪģн磬ϣȴҪǿʮ࣬ΪԹĵ֮·֮СǰɣӵиһĿܣҿŵʮ֮ڣǰͻƣ֮󣬿ͻƷ֮䣬񲻿գ
ԽӶȻɵùԲ֮ڻû뿪ҵԭҲǸɭӡйϵΪ飬ô⣬ҲΥԼǸʵջȻĶԵ棿
һڱҹԽˣоǿҵҸУֻǸûиܹģһֻ̣ȺɰĿ뿪˵ء
춾Ҳ˽ƺСֻ˵ԽëȻͰ춾ų˳ȥ۾ŹâħڣɣۣԳԣ˶㣬춾ѾųǵҲԭվſϷڰ˾ͬǵŹϵɣƺǺ⣬ʼնûпڡ
ӷ𡭡
ڴʱȴǴһţһȺ˹
һȺͷӭҲм׳ۣϤı֮⣬ͷ֮˵֮࣬⣬о˵ҷԵ˷ȴǰ
ԽɫŹ֣ҸԵ
ûмǴĻǰԼƵĻ
˵ͷзų⣺ǰл۸ֻδ㻯ڣ޽Եֻ֮еĿܡ
˵ħʥӾͺ¿˵ֻֻƭƭСӣ˭ܻ㣿ɣɫƽ⣬˭ܵˣŵǹûô࣬Ҳ࣬ʲôƨľʲôƨ£Ƕû˼ħڲڣɫȮһǰãǰ˵ħڣѻΣΪʷʼձֶģΪޱȣǰ໥˹ͬУȻͻͽҡ
Ҫ˵ԽѾ˫Ŀ֮зų⣬ǲţһɽ̰˵ղ˵ħиħŮ飿


412 
ҪһʻԽڵģȻǡ硱˽ˣħʥйŹ֣˵ֻ˵ΣʷǰȷŮģֻѾˡ
Խıˣ˵֮ǰֻ궯ôھǿƲסĳ嶯˫Ŀͨ죬иŮ飬Ů飬ħŵŮ飡
·гǧ̻Ժը죬Խֱ޷ԼĴ֮⣬֮ǰŵʲôôֻΪϾûܹΪħħǸָɱ¾֮⣬Ȼֻϧҵʱ䣬ѹûзӱԵĻᣬԭΪԼҪµһˣΪֻħԣȴħͨŮһ㣬һ˻ϲ嶼ͬôܸȤͲһˡ
δδ
ԽĿˮûϢһĻ˿üͷһ壬ʲôãôоеأ
ħʥȴ룬ԽѾˣֻԼŵЧ֪һ仰ȴʵôǰʲôо
һԽڵӣǵûŮ飿
ڵһʲôҡͷ
Խʧ̾˿һأ
һƺ²⵽ʲô̽˵۲Զмɣвá
⻰˵ʶԣɫ˲ǵͨ졣
ðԽ̾ϧǵ飬ħʥӣСӣܲ
Ҹ֪⣬ħʥпϲ˵ǰѾо𣿡
£һصħڣǸǺεȵĹͣĩʱѾܲˣԽĳֲò˵Ǹе⣬ԸԵħʥӵҲ˵ϹԽȥħڵĹŷУʮ֮˵Խܸһʱħ³ɽۺĵˡ
˵֣ԽһסȻһʵԼûоϵȨɭӡڣһڣԼ˷ôãȫûκ塭ԽѾ͸ˣ뵽µĳŵֻĶڵѪһֿüȴŵĿ֮С
ɱСӣ㻵үĺ°ҵŮҵɣҵĿ䳤ϣû˶ûˡԽͷˣֻԼ˸ΣˣǸһ㣬ֻĿЩֿɼĶʧ
ʱһĵ
Ӧ
ˮһ㣬˲ͰԽ߰ͷɾɫ࣬¶֮ɫ
ɷ䲻ƶƣӣôұأ
Խ˵⻰ʱޱңԼֻͷҪסǿɾΣˡ
ҿ¶Ц֮ɫû뵽ֻǱչ˻ֳ飬ʵʱ䲻̫ãֻƬ֮У֪ʲôˣԽѾˣһﻹǹĲ˳ʺ˵ĻҪںЩˣһٶĴҵ⣬һ£浱Һ۸
лһĨ⣬ȴ˵û㱳ңֻҪһϷ
һ˵ϸڣԽһʧΪķأ
вס̾ûãѾˣûûΣҲԽһƣҵļƻȴ𽥵۾֪ѾܸıϾʹ˽ɫٿЩ˵Ŀ⣬ͬ׵ķһ㡣
Ҳûж룬ֻ֮ǰĳĬ˼
ǰ
ħʥеļҪ˵ȴʱҴٲ˳
˿ң΢΢仯ˡ
ǰʲô
һãȻԽȴǱȭ˵
Һܻ֣̿Ԥеʲôҽơ
һĻ˰ͷȻһģһǲ͹ϵһһСʿôӵأ
ԽаˬȻϷҵĹȻòѣԵĻϣⳡϷܹһֱȥҪװǻ£ȴǿл⣬Ȼ˵СһûвɢϯѾշô꣬Ҳʱ뿪ˡ
Ӿ𣬷·˾޴һ㣬̧ͷʱɫѾǲ԰ףţӿ³֣ǰ
ԽҲвᣬȴǾȻҲΪãҪģߣĳɳ𲻵κκôСһ·ϣԼȥߡ
һ˽ǵͷǺҺ޵ʱܳʲôħʥ˵ǸˣȻҪԼ߱Ȼ
һҲǵͷԼģҪ߳Լĵһɾ͡
ں˫ֺʮ˵һຣζҪԼƷʩˡ
˵һ˵ţһ¶в֮ɫǿ־壬ԥ˺ܾãһҧ˵ǰ뿪ˣڴ˵ˣүүүүжŵҪĺˣΥŵԣ
Խɫһ̾һˣ˵˵öԣԽһŵǧΥ֮¡
ħʥӺݺݵĵһۣȭ˵ǰ赣ǣ޷ǾǱѣǼ򵥣һԡ
ʲô
ҸԽͬʱ۾ų⡣
ħʥӺɵĿǣԽſ˵ɣҸ׼ЩСÿȡ͵ˣʱøĸұ˭ߡ
鵹˴ֲϸϸ˼֮£ƺҲǲԣΪħڣƺȱԽı£Ȼ򶯲ôҲһģ˵
ԣ
ħʥӸ˲Ӭһ㣬ƽ޹˲ۣ˶̬ˣҲΥȴĿһȡһġ
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413 
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һֻɫĺӡ
ֻаƴСͨĺһģһΨ۾һۣʹӿ˼ֿɰ˼ɭ
ɭ˫ӹˣеɫܲѺãħʥӵֿͣƺЦЦЦȴǸӤһ㣬ëȻ
ݹϵĴ˵ڵظظ֮ʮ˲еʮĲ㣬ΪҪ֪ΪǷǳ׵ģүĻᡣ㲻ϧȥɱϵˣŭүҲΪˡдڵģãܼ򵥣ǱĥЩԹ꣬ĿԹĲҽЦǼʼ̷ľ棬ʳЩ޹ҪԹ꣬ȵģǵʮһѪصеѪԹԱ塣
ħʥָֽţŷ־ȻССɫ˩ţء
˵ǳ˲йʮĲ䣬ʱһȻǳ˲СĻˣջأ⻹©֮㣬ѪȥҲвٹѪͳ¶ϡˣֻȴħϤģѪʢ̶ȣԱĹʮ֮һѾǷǳֲˣô͵ڶһɱУ
ӳУƺҲǼֺӵģûгӦûģȷûֻ׺ݣܹСһϸов֮⣬䲻⣬ⶫ͵ϮˣȻ޷ֵֻƨҲ֪Ӧúѱ⿴˿̻Ǳ˩ŵģ֪ˣҳħʥӣ˼ֱģһѱΣնջҡ
û뵽ǣԽȴͻȻ֮䷢ˣֻӣ˵ӣҪɣ
ɫ䣬ʵΪΣ
Խ˵ҴħеһּУѱİ취һڵظϲ꣬ɭӡ˴˿ôȻܹӿٵĳɳ
һϲȻǣȷܹѱ
ԽţĹô˭ѱˣСѪѱȴǲѣֻҪѵ㹦ѡ
ĪģԽȻϣйŹ֣ɲԸѲʲô룬ֻҪڣһʲôأȷңȴֳܱȤ¶ʧ֮ɫ˵׺ݣôѱȴǸûõĶ
ħʥɫһ䣬û뵽ҾȻģŻ˵ɲûõĶ֪ļֵ
Ұһۣһֿɵӵ㵹ѱ
ƻˣܹѱôóأ
ӷ𡣡ڵĺЦЦֻ˵ʩǧҪĵħʥ㵱ˣأֶһſ϶ȷˣȻҪá֮£ڵǾóʵʵĶӦɡ
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ǰһнᵤнӣԽ࣬ΪԽߣ
ִʵҲӣЩͨĸɮ֮ʬ屻𻯣Ҳ־Ө͸ӣ࣬ЩΪʿڵӲ㡣
ǰиаɮΣ˼䣬ʦųնɱڰöӣһֱڣаɮΪһӵһУлʮţ˿ȫԸ㽻Ȼͻƻʱ´ȥãȻñһ˦ʮöӨ͸ɢâѻһ𣬿Ϊ׳ۣ̲֮סС
˿࣬ж˾ͺ¿ķ𣿾ȻȺô˵ˣԼĶѣ΢΢ٵͬʱȴҲ֪Ҫóˡ
λʦȴʵˣʮӣǲأ¶֮ɫʵԼѾʶˣеڶ˸֮Գٳٵ˻кܴĹϵ⼸һǣҪͻƣҪԪұϾӱȵ۵ԪҲҪʮ֮ˡ
ӣұҪõ
ȻЩ߰ĶҷŲУΪҷŵȻִţ˿˵
ôĿߣ˵аɮӣ˭֪ǲʦųıȡôһĿ࣬ģԼûƣ˺ݣԽڱصãҪۣܷΪغ⣬ת֮£һҧӽӴ֮ȡһɫֲֲһɢ㣬ᵽ֮һˬֻƬҶӣΣɢŵӫ⣺ҶһƬҶӣһ֣ҪֹθɾҲ֪ɵƽ̵ҶΪ״ӣƬҶӣԸȫø㣡Խǰ
·һը죬ҶǴıﰡн磬ŵŵģ˼壬֮ãܹõҶڵõӣͻƻָտɴ
ҿŻȥһɫҲˣһﲻ˵ԣһ˵£ҶͰӱȥˣĶסȭͷȴǹ˵ټʮöӣ
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ҡҡͷĿڸ룬ħʥһֱӵĸоҵ̬ȣǽųˣݺݵһѱ˩סĹӴ֮ץһѪ⣬˵ţ


414 ƭ
ԵѣħڶѪＫȡѪҺۣһǧ˵ľѪƳôһѪÿһѪЧԲѷɫӣħʥ͵һסǿۣѪڵϣѵһ𣬾һСɽ㡣
ѪѪ貣ȻѪζȴ˾öģһֵ㣬ҿѪȴ˷ˣЩֻһʣԱԼ׷ôõĳޣû뵽Щ˵ĶĿǿңǵͷҵףֻһѪԺܹõġǣҵԭƻôչȥǱֻЩͣҪǳ׵ˣ뵽ҶʱЩۣħڣڣɶаɰ
¶֮ɫԼǲˣҪҪ֣ģǵУȴԥƺЩ֪ξ
о仰˵ģǱ˵ĺÿⱦҲ࣬ĥЩԼóȻ󣬵˵Ҳûаٷְʤİա
ټʮöӣʩѾĳˣһҧٴηݼӴ˼룬Ϊ࣬ʵȴȻҲ֪ͽۼǸֿͣĶȻҪŰģ˿ɣȵԼţʦųȻҪʹ͸Լ
ԽȴûеǣЩȻòⲢܷ۲һȰҴӦֻӦ˭Ҳ˵룬г⡣
춾̸˾˿ţ˿һΪ𺳣ƴİסеЩǶѾˡ
еĲŨһǶˣҳǣв˿ϾҲ˲̵ʱ䣬⼸Ǹ֪¼ԺҵĿǿҵĽ֮⣬סܹõЩҲǴ׬ˣ
Ҳڱؾڣȥˣ϶ûô˵û֮ǰǵʦųǻȥ
ǸܲܲˡЩĿڣȴǾʮ㣬ЩǰҵȻõһҿǣȻǲݡ
е㳬ҵƿˡ
ԣͬʱ⣺ڿЦ𣿶ʱȻ˵
ͣߣСӣ̰ĲҪ֪һμӼۣټʮöѪͺ¿ӲħʥӺۣȻħڵ񣬵ⲻĳ˵ĲƲλٸߣҲֻǷԴ࣬Ѫóô࣬ѾǴѪˡ
ѪҶӣȻʦŴ裬ؾеõԵȻһͻƻ̣
ţһͻƵȻҪͬʿǿ࣬ȴǽԼóˣޱ
ħӣǳĸүȥˣҲûбɫĻҲð˳ħʥӵѾ˶ֵͷ
ƽ۶ѣǱȲǾԼʡİۡħʥӵƢԺεȶӣЦڣͲôһأֳʤҲ˴Ѫ
һЩΣҶѾó֮ˣȻУⶫļֵѷɫˣϾ˼ڲϼӼ۵ģȴôöûпڣǣѾûʲôˣ˿ߵͬţһ˵ϿлԪ
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һһÿ˶ȡϰĻԪңص֮˫ǣ
۵ڵɫ䣬ӳ⻹ʦֵһ˵ֻɼڱصˣ˵ҲϾȡҩʮҩƿڵϣһĿĸоһ˵Ԫ۶֮һöҩָܻ󲿷ԪʮƿΪ룬ѣÿ
˵ҧгݣɼٲӦֻɱ˵ĳ嶯ˡ
Ԫ֪ģ֮ǰӡ˵ĽӴлԪֻûô࣬ʹãѾʣˣûⵤҩȻǳۣ٣ԪսзǳʵõĵҩڷغͶأΪǷȱԪд˵ҩڣͿԽȼü֮
ֻ飬ԽԽˡ
ҿ˷۾ʶʽףҾǴӦҲôӦӦǵôӦ
ǸҲשûôáҾǹȰһ䡣
޷òõ޹أֻҪǣôԣħʥӷ꿪ڣⱱؾлɲҵϹ˷ʱ䡣
ҵ˼ǣûôߵļֵ˿ĭ˵
Ǿ͸ʩûйϵˣһԸһԸЦ˵ֻ֮ʣǿǿڱ֤ˣǿɲϹӡ
һŵЩ貵ıڼᶨѾ˵ˣǻڤ粻飬Ǿ͸ûйϵˡ
Ӳҵ컯ãֻݡ
ңǼݣȸһƱҾߣϻָĿȥƴɣ
Ҵ⣬˵Ѿ˾ϣλЩвǵڽһˣֻǻ˵ĲһǿɾͲˡԣλֳǰߣǰһ·ĸ·ѡҵʱ׷ǰȥѡһ˽ס
˼֮Уȷеλ˼Լ˵õǿ϶ҲҪģһܱ鷳ǶԼıģҲͲԥˡ
˷
ɷɢߣٱ֮ʱвңǲӵΪĵûеô
Ͳܹˡ
ҿԽԽԶıӰл֮ɫһѡһ׷˹ȥ


415 ɵ˧
ħʥߵĺû߳Զʱ򣬺ȻЩ
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ͻȻһ˿ǣĺڣԼڼص룬Ӧþ͸а˵㡣ѾǲƵĴۣǸСʶ࣬Ӧþ͹ǲʶ࣬ûôұ㣡
ħʥӶⷭӿòôõһĺôҲ޲ɡ
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ħڵĵͷ֮󣬶¶Ȼ˵Цݡ
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ħʥӶŰשԼ̰ȻҲע⵽ҵĸӣһȴǻֽѪﶼ˳
ʹˣ˵ʵԲûаɱ֮ʥӿɲһֱôĵġ
һӽӴЩѪȫߣȻץסħʥӣȻǸӡ
˵ˣܷڡ
ħʥüҵģĵ˵ͷһеǿɾ͹ֲˣҵġ
Խγ֣ƺЩˣоȻŲ֮ɫ˿ң˵СһԺ·ֻԼˡ
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˵ţӱ㻯⣬˽Ӵİש֮С
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ܳ˺Զоɭӡڹһ˵ˣ
벻ǶԽƣȦе㷢죬ܿĨ˸ɾٴηų⣺һɣ
ֿ˵飬үϲģȻЩɵ˵˲㣬ȴҪԴףǴ⵼үɾ͸вǿ
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˵ţóһשΪ˰ȫܹ˰˿שһӸˬûֻѾ׬
ජŰשȴû˵еǽ䱸һԽֳǰЩ񫣬֮ȴǱңĮ߰ɣҶˡ
ȻȦȴ΢΢죬飬ۿ֮дתֻȴ
ǿˣҲȻ𾴣ƾ˭һΪԽһĴȸɫϾ飬ʵȴޱȣӷ𣬽ȫ˳˵߰ɡ
ûӣƵһ䣺ɱڣ
ԣ໹ΪĻΪԽˣ˵Į֮ԣȴĸֳһĨ֮ɫҵҲŵԭʲôǰһƬģƺ˵˰֣ʾ뿪
ߺԽŽӲתҵıӰ촽˶˵ˡ
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һһٶƱҵĵҲˣһȥ
ѾޱȽˣɫѿҲҴ˭֪ôûֻûѡǡ
ʱһȴͻȻҵĴϢбϲ֮ɫû뵽Ȼת۵㣬ҵĳ䣬ҸϻֱӶשǶиͬ㣬ǾǲԽɣԽש֮һҲûм飬Ϊ׷
϶ڵĶ԰ɡ
Ȼʵ
һ֣ɵĿңѾ˵ʲô
һģŵ˵鲻Ǹöܻ㣡
ųԽǸ֮ǰһݼһѾ羴֮⣬ǶңһֱЩм˿ԣüͷĮⲻʶôĶǰһƬģȴȫǰӻʹɱĹεĶ
Ҷʱ˹֣
̶ֳȣҲԹˣһ֮ģҲȫɢ˸ɾɵ˧ǿ˭
Ҳҵ飬ȫܣǷֶߣһأҲ΢ģոٶ£һɶ
ʮˣЦ


416 ˭ǻȸ
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ҵ˵ϣһ㣬ȻѾû֪
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Ǵһ㡭ͷĸ˵ϸֳһĨ졣
춾ûʲôܱ㿴ϵıҲûҪ㿴ϵ˼ıǸҪ
벶ȸںСӸո뿪飬ϾͱȻһǴ˽Χҡͷ˵
⻹Ҫʦֵıԡ˹άŸӣİ뵽ȥΪ춾ûƣǰĿ׵ı֮ϣѪӣһʲСĲƸлǿ϶ǲܷŹġ
Ҫ˵ĹСӣɵлô׵֣ʦ֮ɫҵ壬һ˵õĽӴûǷۻʬ𼣣ò֪
ǣ

һ˴Ӵ˲䣬ҵ۾Ȼ˺ܾõԪ˲䱬˫ֲָΪǵĺǴ˹ȥҶֵʱǻûзӦֻǾòԣʶ̧ͷѾˣҵָ磬ݺݵĲǵĺ֮Уб֮ɫȴܱ裬˵һ֣ʱѪע
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ôܣµǧ궾ɶǿߣƾʲôܻţ
춾̵û뵽ģɣֻѾˣϧϾ춾̣ѡԼóĶƫƫǰٶ֣ǵĶҾò֮⣬ҵвбɫЩЩҪˣ˵
ҵȻҪģӦǣ
ʦֿͬŵʬ壬ɱҲǷӿܲ˳ȭͷ߬ͬʱ˵ɱˣ
ͬʱжŭֵǸޱȻȴǲм춾̾͸置һһ춯أΪɾЩˣûжܣǳͬʱɫâͽǵĹ赲ʦֿİ˱⣬ͫһǷ
Сô౦
ʣȴһӣǳһģĺӰӰһֱӾ˹ڿɢ壬ֱ䵽ҵϡ
궾ҾͲŶ㣡
Ƿ궾Ǵĵƣǰ벽ˣҲܹղôҽֻҾܾˣû뵽ҵϣܹεĶһͷһؼǰٶ֣ҲӲӣ˱ͷųһâⶾҩֵ͸˽ӿҵڣʱǿҵʹ֮У·ÿһ缡üһ㣡
궾
Ҹовؼʱ̣ҵãӿϵĳˢ壬ϰٱ飬Ž̵ĶȥȻ֮ɫ춾̹Ȼ鴫ҶѾǰٶˣȻܹ˺ң
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춾Ϊ̵ĶȻûκã
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ܳªޱȣϻɢŶڵҲӣĴӷֱŷѡһͷ
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춾̲ĪôһֻܵģĹŹ֣ľ֮У룬ûǷ۽춾̵˵嶼ˣҲ֮֮
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ҲǴɵĵҵͬǴء
ףΪʲôһʼҲ԰שĻͻȻ֮Ϣˣԭ˾ĳ
˾ɡ﷢࣬ɿ˿ѷɫħڵģǶϣɾ鷳ˡ
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ҵԪѾƴ׼
ѲҪᣬǿûеж֮⣬͵̸һס
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ףɫŹ֣òҲ뻻ҵķɣ
һֱƵĳԣȴɫһ䣺ѿɲҪЦķҿɲҸ㻻ҪģĶ


417 ҵǰ
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ţʲôܱǿ۵Ķϸ룬Ӧûеģҿǣʵ˵Ǻ
һЦ˵֮ˣûǴĻղǸٲӦиɡ
һ仰ȴҵľ˲˼£һô֪
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ȴûн͵˼۾ų⣺ǽȥˣôĶҲӦöõ˰ɡ
ԣҲǽ̤ǰһעҡ
֪ȥˣ뵽ǿͨͨСӡԺʣѵⶫʲôҽСӡó֮УͫһȻӡ
ӡǸȥǰݣȷ۵ǰʵҪľǴɡ
Ƶĺ΢΢أͷ˵ңʤм
ɫŹ֣˵𣿡
֮⣬ôҪҵĶǵķӦԿӡӦ;ģǱԼܿȻ۵ĶҿɲϣѾǣҲ֪;綪ɽ󣬵ȻҪǸһ۵ǰ¡
еˣӼһﶼǸͣ˵һʺôų⡣
Ȼȴƺ׼˰֣˵׵ݣ㽻ӡΪ㱣ܣȻħڣۣԼڣͻᷴӦʱ˵ѰһԵˣѽҪֹ׷ɱ
ɫһ䣬䣺ⲻǽףв
Ϊ㱻ƭ̬ȺӲЦ˵ⲻвǾһòĶȡΪ㱣ܣ㲢ʲô
Ŷ˿òģеĻʱϨһȻɵ̺ôǿ϶ܵˣҿӡüͷ΢΢ԽǣҲҪôˣֻ֪ôʲôãô֪ٲиģ
ɫб仯Ŀ˸˼ƺҪھܾȴסɫࣺҲǲԣϢסˡ
˵ţȡһƤ˹ץн򿪣ŷǸͼͼݣޱϤɫ䣬סƤֽٲĵͼ
ؾǵһν˵İģǾȻӵеͼҵͼֱָٲߵĶ
޿ǶʮǰؾǰƵĵͼȲ˵Ǹʱûв뵽ؾ£˵Ǹʱ˶Ȼǵһʱ߱ڣ
Ʊ֣˵ӡǣҸȥ
΢΢ԥ
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¶֮ɫӡ˹ȥƷӴ֮У˵ӦѾ֪и֪ͨ˸ɹܰɣΪǰʿǵĹأӵĻԵܶɵĴУڴ˵ءۣ֮һǵĴпҪһӡѾȥǰУԼҲûУȥǰٲ֮󡭡ʱżһƤԼ۵Ĵп֮صĵͼҲ䵽ǵС
˵⣬û˵
˼һּȲĸоӿͷҿŻɫ𽥵Ĳ԰ףѵ˵ҲС
صͷ֮ǰ˾ġ
ҿһ۳ƣֲҪͻԭˡ
ϸ˼֣Ǹ˵Ҫʲô˸ɹ֮⣬ͼҲǣңԲһҵģ˾õ۵Ĵеͼɵõǰ˾ġⲻżȻţħڣ۵ҲȻɵĴ֮ءλ˼һɣҵõͬȼɵĴУҲȻŹΪĻԵûĸʿֿܹǣһ鱩¶ôĶȻһɵĲݽ֣
巢иֳһĨ֣һֲ֣Ҫнң
ҿԤڲõĽⱱؾȻȷѪ꣬Ҫ֪ؾΪɫʿܶǸɵδϣؾ֮УôĵشʦųҲȻưոݣοЩУǲܷŹģҼԿ϶ʱ磬ȻҲѾҡ
ҲĻĻ֮ˣȻôϤؾÿɵĴ֪˵˿϶Ǿܹˣֻ˼µһֻ־Ĺ֪ôഫУȴȥȡɣͼȻ
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ҲǸˣҲԤδķչҵ˵ͷǱȭ
˻뿪ԭؾþòһַĸоҺǲұɵĴеȤ˿ȴʧڿʼֻһͷǾǵõȪȻ뿪˵أ
һֻҲ˳Ž˱ؾǸ߻ķչ
Ҿһʱ䣬ȵҹڳ֮ٳ˳㣬ҲҪ취ͻƻˣ
һһ·ߣһֱѡյ˸ƫƧɽ£Ŵ˵أ佣˸󶴣Ȼ˽ȥ
һʱɣ
ȴ֪ҽ׶չصʱħڵȴ鷳
ǰиӰƾճ֡


418 
ⱱؾ֮Уʱ޿̶Ҫ־裬ħʥӴ˵ȸ֮߰ˣҲˣڿӰֵɲǣоͷѪ⡣
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³ɫؾٴοһεϢ˵˳˳ķǺҵĸоһ˵֮⣬ʵ̫ˣһԵĿӣεǣ˭֪ǿӣȴƫƫòؾеĴУ㲻Ǿͱ˶ˣ޽ѭ
˵֮󣬳³̾ϢһõģؾĴжʮʿңҵʵǰҲҪСģ׾ͻ﷭֪ΪʲôһֲԤС
˵ͷ⣬ؾֿһΣʵ̫ˣ˳Ĭħʥȴд֮⣬Ȼ俪˵ϲصǣɽǰ·ҵиϢҪ֪ϡ
³ƺԤеʲôҲ¶Ц⣺ѵô̵ʱѾʲô𣿡
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ħʥӴЦ渵ʱʱĲ廰ǳħʥӴǷ³꣬ҲǹЦź˵ĺܶԣûʲôãѪǽܵõģ֮£ǸҪܻ㣡
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³ħʥӵĸйһӽ˱㣬󱲣Ҫúа
ħʥ˫Ŀ죬Լڱ˳ЦĻ棬ֻһɱؿڳȥҪ裬һ㳯ʱ·۷ȥ
ͬ鼸ͬһʱ̷ţڸͬʱŭֻ֮г٣ڣȴԼֵģɣȫ뵽һȥˣڶҺ֮֮࣬ȷҪһڣ֮ǰֱĲ·
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ƿڴȴǾòԾΪʲôɶгأһֲõԤУһת˸ƣһͻȻˣͳԶȥ
ͺ¿ӣȻǵõħʥһǻŭ𼸺õй㣬Ҳȥʲô֤ݲ֤ݵˣ͸УһѪֱӾͳ˹ȥ
ǱҲˣǲ˷۱֪ӡҲˣֻǻһ˷ŭޱȣҲս֮С
ɴ֣·ĵȻڣôͣûã˶ŭʧȥǣôҪʹ죬ûгɱϽе˴ȴûж֣ڷйͬʦֵ߰˰ˣѪ涼Ǳ֮ɫؿɲαװˡ
λǰǿҵõİש
óשⲻǵһˣ֮ǰȴûȥʵŴţѾҪˣǺֻˡ

ļס֣һ˺뿪
࣬ǽսֱӿ˳
ӷҷҷ
ȴ֪˵ذ֮һ׶Уҵ׼仯ջָԭģ
ӽԺҲûˡ


419 еĵط
ݣǲˣĿɲֻɣȴ֮⣬֪жеı
Ʋ¶ףĸҪġ
ڵض̸ʣһȴûʲôģΪ˰ȫһԽΪһҲӦͷȴ
ȥ֮һֽӴеƷȡ˳һεջ񿰳ƾ޴󣬽ӴĿռ伸ҪװˣӣѪ貵ѪƬűˬҶǿţеϲþڸǲס
ȪⶫܲˣҲûҪżܹͷ˵ɡ
ò˵˾ɻص֮ǰҵô춾̵ıȴҲûжģֻǼ򵥵ĸ˸ףȻҲɱ춾йأ֪ҲΪֻķ
֮ǰԵ£ҵ궾ֻܣʵĻЩǶҩһŵͼԣͼֱָħڣϸϸһҽͼ¡
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ͼȫŽҵĽӴ֮УȻֽӴغã춾̵ĽӴ棬ͷװһЩҲ˶ĿãΣգܱȫĶ˭뵽Ӵأ
һкһŻԪʼָԪպȷԼľ񶼴ﵽ۷壬۾
ΪѾ˺һ۷壬ֻҪȥĻ룬ΪͿͻƵԪֻҪܹϾͿԡⱱؾȻдµģҵΪܸȥ粽УΣͷҪ֤Լ㹻ǿ
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ҽʣµƬҶӣͬʱУǹɲζŨ˺ֹʮƤ˼ȥǰĻ仯۾ʱȴԼվһ֮ϡ
һйŴζĳ֡
·мֻ׷֣ҿſڹźĿջ˹ɫִϵĲСӱϵһŴ
򡭡ұ·Ƶıʾ˳ҵɫøӡ
һǸͨ˵ʱֻȥйһΣһΣǺųʤصʱҵŮһͬǰȥǻͬԹλƬϵĿʵġ±仯²ɣٿ˵أҾǲ֪ζӳ¡
ܵǣŮѵ֣Щ׳ļ棬Ĺ£̫Сü˼վǻ
ҶΪλҿĻ桭ҲףǰţŲƽʯ·ҾǸһһ㣬ۻĿһС
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ҳȥ
ǻþһ̫ҪôطؼǣеĻþʱúܿ죬еȴһ˯̫ùȥһܶࡣ
֮кܶվʵҲֻǣ˰ˣҴǰȥ˵Խͳ𣿡
ţвĵ
ΪԡǿҵƤڵ˺һЦʾȥҷȴţԼȥôͨ˵ܿ˰ɡ
ֻϧ鲢ûô򵥡
ǣߣ˺ܾãУȴֻŹתڣ̲סˣʵΪʲôûгȥ
ȴֵĿңѾ𣿡
ҿһɲǰվǿЦһûнݾߵġ
ôҶҪҸʲôأ
ǵĿζζԭؾþ˼ο·߹߹ȥʼͣҡҡͷÿɵӵңеóֻգȻִҴ뿪
ɫ𽥵ĺҲˣ֪ȥ֮վƽ
֮֮û˵ҶẦˡ
װұĽӴΪڶ֮УûЯþ֮Уûг֣ǸõĽӴϣҴҳһ飬нΪͨӣڷ˵ȴ޼֮ΪԾģ١
ҪۣΪҲǷ˵ˣǮǱƷ
öҲңֻϧҵ·ȴǺ
ֽʦ죬ʮͷȴúϳɣһ۾񣬵ȴʱ˸⣬ĺֵ֣ʱһĸо
ֵܣҪְɣ
ҵ˵ͷ˵˵򣬹㡣
ǰһãǵ̸
ıӰл֮ɫ˵Ķ⣬̫׸˵㡣
ȻҵӵʱѾ߰˺׼ˣһӵϣ̰֮ɫ
ȻȥѾǼˣܲǮȻã
ǳָ΢΢һԪӿ˲סǣҵ̹⣬еĵͼǿˡ
Уұһֻͷ˵̱ҪУ֮ȴǷκ
һ̤ǰʦཱུҸıˡ


420 ѩ
Ͽű߾ۼأ򣬳ɷֱȽϸӣοͶĵطӡ
ʦһôˣҲͱڣһƱЩˣǺ˶ͽ
ʰһͨ˺ܼ򵥣Ҳǵһˣңȴֻǵùҵ۾֮侹ӿһ⣬ɸһ㶶𣬱ɱҡ
Ҵۣ⼸˵϶вԹƣ⼸˶Ȼʦ죬ϱȽϸɾҲֻṩ⣬Զְɣ̾һַųһ棬˲ͽǼ˵ȼĹǾͱ˽̿һ䣬һۼ紵ˣһĻʦ켸ʧȥ˼ڴڵſˮϲкˮ䣬ҿͬʱ͵ض¶ɫȴûɱ˼֮⣬ӹһջ
ջɫҹϣ۸ȴǲͣϾʤأԭҪ򣬲ҲΪһջѣϧ˰ػģҴһѵ˵֮ұתˡ
ҵıӰʦ̱ڵϣ֫չһֻɹɵ󡣬ãŻָһٺɫһӦӣͷոðʱȴ뵽ҸղŵľٶǼˣ紵ˡ
һĻ䡣
ӡ
ʦݺݵĳԼһƣûеӡ
漰Լºܿ죬ֻ죬һջλȴǺܺãڹΧƫƧĵطǿ⣬ⶨȻܺãҲΪʲôջô׾ֵܵԭʦ첻ͣĨ亹Ҳҿң磬ô
ҿһۣ΢΢ͷ˵ҲϸȻ֪Ҫջ;ʲôȴǴĲȥʣһժԭҡ
ջĲֻô䣬һӣһӵĳƱ˽ȥ򣬶һֽ𣬾ôĶӣʦǳ鴤֮࣬һɸĪ֮С
뿪ˣ͸Ƶá
ߺϣԺ֨ѽ֨ѽתˮȴһʧ
ΪҲ֪ԼʲôҪһջҲֻҪи֮ضѣ֮ȴûκεļƻ
¶ܾöûͬˮһӿ
ڿջпգڼ
ҳԴУЧȴǲãΪƽȻ˵ûΣգֺܰȴȥе״̬Ҹ֪Ϊʲôÿαۣһɼ֮Уȥȴû·
żһߣЩ໥˵£ЩŴĸŮȴһֻĸоǵЦûйϵ
ΡһΣ˶ҶĻɣ룬᲻ұƭˣҶȻô״أ
ȴҪȥģô룬޷ֹʱţǰ¹ȥҵ°Ѿ룬ͷҲ˲١
Ҫҵε̾ʱĸоʵһĥоģ¿һ˵˶ûС
ڣţȻ俴и˸ֱżڳ衣
ӦǺܼѵģƾɵţ£һ˻ֻǿȴ٣۸Ǯˣȴ˼
лǰȥһǮ
˸ֳʼûͷ֮ʱɫ䣬ǮôҲмɣϽǮżˡ
Ҫһ˰æ
ȥԼʶˣƺֻǸˡ
ʦ첻֪ԼǲĵùˣԼʶǼͽˣǰڳԺڵĳңȴ˺ܾãͼӳ򣬵ԷͬϤΣʮˣΧ־ǣһ˸ͳһǹʦ쳹׾ͷ
ſٶĳңԼŮģòӣһĨ֮䡣
ۡ
Ȼǹȴû졣
ۣʮΡ桱žȼţûãͱ˽̿һĻ뵽һˡ
Ȼ˹˵Ǿ֮ͣʮϵԹ֮ǰɱǼ˻ҪʢǸûֵıҪһֱߵʦǰҵ˵Ҫæ
ʦſˮãȻĵ˵ͷ
һ֮󣬺̼ܶҶ֪˸ϢߵǼջһꡣ
ǸطҲ֪ǲɵˣȻξ꣬ǶôЦΪܶ̾ǾãǸطλòǺ룬㿪һҿջʲôģҲ̵⣬ǰϹһƤ
ʦºο׼豸жѻɽCD
磬л֮֮Ҫ뿪ˣҵĵ绰ʲôҪϵңԺһġҪһ̣˲ŻῴĶʦһִ󳹴ĸоЦЦȻ뿪
ĵ绰룬ת־˺ӽͰΪҾûбҪ
˵һܶʼḶ́ҡϣŸָĸ֮һ̣ȻƽƽһˮΪԼһ裬ǶѻɽCDʹŴ𽥵ļ١
Ҿһˮ뵽һƬûһ˿˻ϰߣĶ߿˼꣬ÿ춼ڷ֡
ֻǴŵˣûУ˵Уŵģдҡҡͷͻ뿪
ҴһʼûҪ⡣
һ££¡ʱ׾Թ϶գѾº󣬺ܶջŵƽʣ죬ʶˡ
ꡭÿϢȴǲƣ
˵ȴĪЩƿľţȴзѩ˽
ԭҲǻѩ
ϡУҲ⣬ĶëѩڿǻЦѻɵļҼһȴһĪ⡣
һ㲻䣬Ҵ˿̣ȴ
ҹţϣ֪ǲǸղſŵԵʣϵӿڰУҵüͷ塣
һ죬졭
ˡ
ʱ򣬺Ȼ


421 ʮ
磬磬쿪ţ𣿡һ΢ϤŮ
ŵüͷչŴ򿪣ѩ֮У˳ǰʦ죬бŮԱӣɫ޷
ǡҿʦ죬ȴĽ͡
ûҪ棬ãҼǵôһˡʦҵȻо⣬˵
磬ãӵţҽгʦ֣˵
ã硣иʦŮ
ҺȻЩӲΪҲ֪ԼôӦӺ̫ãӦҪһʱ䣬ǿͱĮʦɫҲе㽩ҿ˿磬̾ϢһС
ɡ
һӻʦЦӦŮһţ¶Ź֮ɫ
磬Ļ
ǰһģһûκεı䶯ǰϵԿ׶ûж
ѵ¶ûг
ҲǺϲšҵ˵
ͷĶ˳ŹǴ⣬мˣϱ鲼Цݡ
ΪǸϷɻģԲֻһϵ꣬ЩƲˣ粻Ҫ⡭
ҵ˵ͷҲų⣬һ𶯿ӡ
ÿɰͻݴ󷽣ҿԸоʦ췢ĵҸУʧȥ֪ɹ󣬵ҲȾƣҡͷܾһ˶žƱȣһֱȣȵԼΪֹۣҵȿޣ˺ôĹŰϻȥһֱҵǸ
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423 ˫
Խֱ޷ԼôģʺĵطŶһֻûеĵطֱĵҪ
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ͻأӼæɲԽ¶˹һЦݣô·أѵ׷ô͵ˣǲ񰡡
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424 ˭˭
̵ģΪжԭҲǸǹͷſһ˴Լ˳ˮȥû뵽Ȼħʥӳֵ˲䣬Խͷܣֱ޽ڲ٣˱ġһڣͽ˺ߣħʥӵĺ⣬˸£Ҳܻȴðʣһ˵ʲôӣѲɴ˵ؾȻбˣ
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ˣһ϶֮УںڰĶ͵ߡ
֮ˣ֮壬ܹͨЩ˹ȥĵطţȻ䷢ʧɫ䣬һʳڷ϶֮ϣֿŷ϶˫Ŀ֮Ǿ֣ү
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⡭͹Ƶã˵֮ǰҪѯǶϢʿ̫࣬һȺӹ֮ȵʥӵһëʥ֮ӣӢۣӳעҪɾһҵӦӵֶҵȴôãʵǵһܽʥӵĻᣡ
޳ܣԽΪʲô˱һ޳ܣ
ħʥȴǺã˶֪˵Ǽٻ˻Ǿú˼֣˵ܺãǵϢҸһ·
ȵľ仰б˷֮ɫ˵ҪӣӾҪӻǶȥɣթЦͷָ˵˵
ħ˻Ϊ˵ʲô˿ȴɫһ䣬ħʥɱӿ㾹ȻϷˣң
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ܴ˭ȻڰѾȡ֮ˣ
ħʥһŵ棬˵ѣħݰ٣
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ĳ³˳ڵĿֲΪͬ˳һ㣬ӿӿ˹ȥ
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˵ɫˣħʥٴδ𣺡ѻͲҪǲˣ
ߣ
³ϼûлӦɱӿ̤ǰһһһöСȴǳ֣СѪ⣬߲㣬ÿһ߶һöָͷСͷǰһףСӭǣõľͳŵȥ
ʱһֻͬɾȴ̽˳ӲĽСס
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425 þò
³ͫȻСʹõķû˱ˣȻһ̽ͽֽסȴѾ˵˺ܶ⣬ɱ
һ߳СħڵˣãʧȴЦ֪ײ˸λȻ
סС³Ͽȴ¶֮ɫΪǺᣬȴɢһɵĳ֮⣬ֵһǣϢǺȶʱڻڣʱǻ⵹˸ոͻƵӣֻǸͻƻܽһüͷȴ˵ΪѵѣֻǵõϢҪҵˡ
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Ҵԣȴħڵ˷ӦħʥӻȻ쵰ԭг𣬹ֲҹȻҪ赶ɱˣ
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һħڵ˶ȻһǵĿһʱ伯ҵϣ³ϵԪѾʼתˣΣ
һ䣬ӽӴ֮ȡһֻ󡣬һһƤͼûпͼֻǿŸ󡣬ǵɫѾˣħʥ̤ǰһΪλӵЩ
ı飬ȴǰԾȣѲƤͼħ֮ϸ룬춾֮ǰһֱħڣȷмϷ֮⣬ȻôɣȴǸðˡ
ס󡣬ͼҲòףңħڵĴУ㽻ǣȻҲ֤˻᲻ȵǣӦúǸ˽ɵĴ֮صĵǣָеڶݣ
ħڵĴУջȻֻܴǶ˵ȴЩʵʣҲħڵˣõĴУѣΣûʱ䣬ѰȪ±Ҫ顣Ҳ˳ˮۣǣȡ
ûвͬĵصè壬ԼɵĴиҪ³һѺơ
֪ͬˣﶪȥ˵Ǵϵ
Ҳٸҵ鷳
Ȼ΢΢һ䣬ұȭ֮뿪
ߺҶסǻ¶һЦݡ
þò


426 壡
ཡ
ʿˮ
һ֣ԽӰָ֣˵һҪչذա
Ҵ˵仰ұ˶ȻѾͻƣȴȶһҪһʱ˽Լ״
ߺ
Խ˿ԼĶ⣺Ȼҳң
ɲǣԼЩͳִ⣬ΣȻڿΣǸйϵ˿һ֮ǰ߶һ
ԣ֮ǣԼڹŹһ⣬ǰ͡
ȴҲҧгݣ㻹˼˵޳𣬽ԹȻðʲôǰңҿܻᱻ׷ںˣǰǺлɷǵһл·𣿡
ȻҳŵɱǲôŵģΪ˵ŵ͸ƨһԼˣȻκΡ
ԽԣȴǹЦϸ룬Сӵ³ƺȷǺܺˣǺʲôԸģҵϣҿɲָܱѩˣ⡭תһȦȻѹ˵СӰ
Ƥһ˵˭Сӣ
Խֱ׳˵Խӱ㲻С˭ǣ
СӣȫҶСӣռү𣿡
Խɿ⣬˵˭СӲҪؼ벻
һʲô˼
ܾһػġ
ԽٺЦţСӣʵҲûôǰ治˵Ϊ֮˾㲻˵Ҫڼˣôж
΢΢仯ȴûлش𣬸ԽĸоѾˣ˼һ㣬ϧǲ˽ۼСֻңԲ֪ţôдģ˵ĻһҪۿ۵ģ˼ƽϣһƺзİһᡭȻһӻۣȴǵĹ֣ôǳԵ֮ƾȻҲ˼˵ҵ¡
ѾнôԽԵ̫ˣǹȴǳƲϼ޻Ļ˵СеֻǸѧߣ
Ҳ֪һ˵ʲô˿üͷǰ̾ϢҪǺã
ҵǰվһ֮ˣһģһֻɫϴһаһѪ£·ӵ߳ĶħȻͷų˿ĿֲϢǿͷƤ飬֣˵壬ֻҳ˶ѣǺ£Ǹġ
壬ʵҵĵڶ˸ΪڵͬǱŵڶǣң
ʵȻҪǿһ置ʱ򣬾ǿ廯Σѣͻ˻Ѫӵƽ£ʵ˵Ǹ߸ͽӲĵ˻ڵĲΣҲû뵽ҶЧ죬߽ϣʹһ漣ʵҸӦǲģʤһ
ΪʲôһԻأȴԼҲû뵽ģͻƻʱ֮ǰеĸԼڶ˸ȴһѪṩ˺ԪӲĽҵĻǰ˳Ҫ֪ı־ɾϣҵ֮ϵ˲˳߳ľȻǣ
Ҳ˵һңѾʵĴϣҲûаϵˣ˵ûҲдȻֻԸͬ·ʽͬĵĸ뷨ȴһģһģҾҲҡ
ڵǣǳ֣ȴû壬ֲ飬һʧȥĻǣʱˣȻҪɢġ
뾡Ϊһ塣
ҿҲ֪ĳֶǺûǻΪԸ񼸺һˣԼĶ˸Ҳָ
Ȼĵ˵ͷһī֮УҶڣ˴ݾӣҪѰ壬֧Ųס֤᲻㣡
һᣬһȻҪвңңҪ𣿻Ķһ
ֻƫƫûʲô취Ƕˣɹļʣ治С
ͷ۰
̾ϢһָڵԪ˵ȫµ飬ԸоڵķӡѾǸˣ⣬ܿܽӡƿ
ʿı־һϣһ˻ɨһ﷽Բܿһαװ֮Ҳǰ澭ʿţбоԭҶԽӵʵܺ棬ͻͽ֮Һ֪ǿߵжǿҽ̽˹ȥӡϢֵǣӡϢȴǷǳ΢֮ǰȫǲһģ¶Ź֮ɫѵӳ
֮ǰ˵ǰ˱ʱɫǺСŮʲô
ҳ˼ֻٴ̾ϢⶼԼѡĵ·ûа취ֹҲû
ʰһ£һֽȻһ˳ȥ
ֱӾͿԽж˸⣬ƺڼƻʲôҵ;
һ䣬ϸֳƽ֮ɫ̤ĳ˹
ԽһĻˣвϵĹľȥȥȥɱоųɣ˳ɵʤ㣬үͰ㣡
֪˿̵뷨ȻҪ˵һϡ
ҿȴ¶Ϸ֮ɫ
ͨһڵϣƵ¶֮ɫ
үּˣôˣʱ޿̲㣬ԡСӣһֱֻΪүն߲嵶ɽ𺣣ǣһжүƵˣСҵĳС
˵ţɨԽһۣںŴ͵Ĳע£ɿһʵʵĴóһöӴ˵ϡ
үЩТġ


427 ˮ
óӴʱĶڵѪҪ֪ǽӴһıˣ̳ûнӴȴõһǺε컯ڣȴǽ˳ȥ
үӴӴĶɶ⼸£ſݹϼһ¶ޣܾίţģΪ˵õЩѾԼǶٴˡҲڣΪЩΪ˵ȴһ죬ЩֽүֻʸЩˣвǷһ㣡˵⻰ʱȴ˿û֮ɫ˸ż֮ɫֵҸ嵨ƾ˭˵ֻ¶Ҫһ乻ҳϡ
㻹һû䰡üͷ΢΢һ置ʱһÿζϺתȴְĳ׵ףһ㣬ԽǱʣûгɳһ
үСӻأҲǴҪ׸ǰģüȴľɷԽԽ̰ˣҲ򿪿ü϶һ˽ɷǰɷǣⱲĿǣԽʹԽЦòã֮Уһ󣬴ڿﳶһöӴ
ɫһһķ˲ɣȻҲõӴҪĶӴѾмеĶˣҵӴһǴӱӡһ춾̣һͷ޴ƾʲôѲ˿ݹвƲɣ
һһ飬ȴûע⵽һԴ͵Խȴзų⣬촽ֱ
үⱰ޳ܣƨȴһֱôңΪ·ǴģǶûҲõġ˿ȴˣԭһֱңҼֱСƣô޳̶ֳܵȣ
ţȴ缢ƿʵѧϰղ˵Ļľٶһһϸ΢̬ΪǺ棬ϸھˣԽ֣ضԴãԼѾҵǰķ
ȴǱ֡
˴УԽ¶⣬˾ȻѧϰүⱲĵƣүѣٴĲ޳֮ѧȥǶү컯
һҪԽԽȴ¶֮⣬ͫ΢΢ͬʱȷԼԤûд󣬵һ־ͱܵνһɽݶ޳ܽҲԲɵڶˡ
ŵһӴò˵Ҿˣأֱǲڱӡ֮£ҿ治ٷһöǧᦣȻǿݹ˵Ӵ֪ô䵽оֻʲô£
򿪵ڶӴҵɫ䣬ָŽӴĶҲ΢΢ûбģȫǹҵĹڡ˸
˸ʲôĸ
ԣڰٹĹȻĴĻٸʮȴ˵仰ˮֺܴٿţһϣѾǿֲ˼ˣʮᦣټһٶֻȫԺɨнˣȴûж֣ⱱؾȴҿѵʲôı
ֻһǧᦣջ񣬶ҶѾǾ޴ˣԽˣôɭӡɱ
үЩ񣿡¶ЦݣǷ˵СѾܾûмүˣҪүϲЩǶСĽˣңҸм
˵ᣬǿ޳ȴαʧһҵܲ
˴УұҪŪԽ֮࣬ǰ˵޾ͿޣûУһתˮð˳ӣСɱˣһǰ˵ˣⱲ޵ˣ㣬ȻҪ뷽跨㸴ģ
Ŷҿ
סڣëָԽ⹷ļթСˣȻң͵ϮүܸһܶĿܸ꣬үߣһУֻҪүҪҶȱ޳ܵСˣүɱԽǰطİ
ԣŶԷҪŪԷơ
е㲻һΪôԸҲĹעҿ˿˵
˵Ҫߣܺã㣬ڿʼҡ
￩һ£ô£Լˣ޲óԼӣڰԼӽȥˣֶԽ¶˷СϷ˵ȴҲ˽ģ㲻ҪͣѴ߶ﴫڸ㣬в֮ģ³Ҳ˵
ӣԽһȴŵû겻壬ҪץסѱԼˣ
Сӱ֤񣡡ǰһ뻹ڱϾԽε¶Ϸ֮⣬üһԭ㻹Ű
ҲһලߣĴ治ֱɱԽ˵
ҲǾһ񣬶ݺݵĶ˾͸ţƵãȫȻûкͺõĿԡ
»ͷǱֵĺãұ㽱Խұչصػй㡣
ҽǧᦶԽɡ
Ӣ
ԽȻ֪ʲôֱԼкô
ȴǰƣ֪Ͳóǧˣôʵأ
ʱʵݹڣ
ɫһЩҿҡ
û˵Խ˹ȥʻҲ˵
˸£˵ǸϼһѾңǸɶȿȣˣ


428 
׼׿˵ȻܵĸȤʵڵʱҿݹߣԤС
֪ʲôԸ񣬴Ҷ֪֪׵ˣҲαװͰ˵һ顣
ԭԴ뿪置֮һֱűСĿݹʼֻǵ˼𽥵ıˣΪÿݹѾ˥ˣţΪһƽ̣Ȼкܶöɣαװûб¶ίߣֵĹݹҲɵӣһ·ϼ̽ϵΪţӣҪõĶɲһ㣬һʼ֪ݹдܵġ
תתȥ˺ܾã֮̽£ݹǳһ׽֮УԼֶһûҳϡ
ϼһʼݷ˼ˣЩƫԶ֮صģ˼ģЩ˲ڣҲ֪ȥһ仰ңҰ˼⣬⼸ˣпܱЩӵħļһֻЩȴǲڣȴҸо˹Ź֣һɺϣô˲ڣе㲻Ծˡ
˵ûҵЩ˺󣬿ݹƺܾɥԼвõĶںɽϣĺӣӦѾˣԼȴҲ˵ľ磬޷ܵģζҪָʵҲ֪ôأʹ̽˱ؾϢŵģȻĴС
˵ã֮УĴܣܹõܣȻػ˾磬ͻ
㣬Լȴʱˣ͸ſݹ˱ؾֵǣϼһһ㣬죬ٶҵĴ֮أȻǱȴûã˾ˣǿ˴УݹǴķʽ˽ȥ
ʲôĴУ֪дأ˿Ӧǵ˽ʱҺܸȤ
Ҳ˵оǴСԼҲԺǺīоģó׼õļƷʲôģʮᦣЩƺǼƷһ֣е置ʱĶ
Ʒ
ݹ˵ʲô𣿡ɫһǻʵʮᦣоѾԿˣȻʮᦸƷҪʲôһַΣС
˼䣬˵˶ǷӣȻҪ޴顭ŵʱĳȻЩĶǡ
ԣ˼֮У˿ݹƺЩϰϸ룬ƽ̣ȷҲϸ񣬶ЩˣǺȻ뿪置֮ݹҲûѡɣǸΪ˵ˣȻųͻǰΪˣͻˣˣҪ
пԷݹǲͬڵĴġ
ȻҪˣ׼ʲô˵⣬˵ˡ
㺦ִ󣬰ԼݽȥֱӳӱͱһȻ˽Ӵ˳͵˰ֻԲԣѺĻ˵˳ȴһ֮Уݹϼ޻ⱲӹƶûгôĿȻƭˣңƾЩҵʱȻܳΪнһ
׼ȷ˵ӦǾֻһֻһֱãҵֵܶ׷ֻĳ˵ˡҧгݵĶԽʱʼԹѾˡ
Խûͨңҵ֣װ֪ʮȽա
ֻ֪Щ𣿡ȴûʱʰǻɣǼѯ顣
һ֪ǵĴ֮нȥĿھпݹӦ׶༪ˣЩŭˣҪŪİɣУСʾ֭Ҫ֣˵ˣһһ߸ʬùײ̧šҪʬȪﻹôţ
˵ʲôоﱬ⣬һ̤ǰץסļ
˵˵ʬͣ˵
ղ˵ȪҵУѰȪҸû˿ͷѵȻĴ֮
ԣȪΪôʧ̬ǿ϶˵ǾȪݹ˵ȪҪֻʬմȾ϶Ҫϵˡ
ǰ·ǰĴ֮أһôǾǸóʱ쾡£־֮£ܸ˵ٻôȪǶȻڵˣҪģļ֮ǰȵõȪȪˮ
ǸˣпʼǾͽԹһֱÿÿܾҲ֪ҵùù
㣡˿ȡһֻȷǰҵĴæ
лүйԼİȫб֤ˣ±Խһȴ˵үеʱ㶷ɷǵĻģСӻԶ
Խ۲ĶŹĿڴŲʵջ񣬺ܺãֶһŪɡ
ұչصؾ췭ظݡ
֮ǰԤϵһƬȷѪ֪꣬ɵĴбڿȻ֣Щ֮䣬俴شУ˾ɶ۵ĴУѾɱۣ˵ĵҲģһڣǱš
˵±ħڵӰӣ뱱ؾĺˣĴħԡ
ʮʿѾ߳ؾ֮УжΪɢޣЩ뱱ؾģʮһ
ҰңԼչ£ǵľٶ
ڴʱָǰ棬˷˵ӣǾ֮ǰ˵ķǣ


429 
ǣһųǡ
׼ȷ˵ӦǼǰⱱؾʿľۼ֮Ȼ߶ƧеĹĲϵȶǺҪģȻͻֽ֮ǲҲͨС񣬻ѾķˣԴʿ뱱ؾȴǱΪʿǵľۼ֮ء
ľۼ֮أⱱؾлв٣̽ϢҲѾջ񲻴ðյȴؾر֮գǳȥʱ
ⷽǵԭ򣬻ΪƻжƾǼҪȥȪǳ˵Σ£̫⣬ֱһ㣬Ҹ˶ĵط֮صȥȻ֮ͣʱڻΪҳҲûˮ㡣
ҸϣۣΪıòڵģϵãĲ
вɢޣֻǶȽңܶˣ͵ڽֵԣǾ
طͲǸġипȴû̫и˵·ѡôȻҪӦĴۡ
ȥ̽ϢûϲɫĻүд֣
һʵʲô
ݸһдֵİֽǽ״ᣬøˡ
״ᣬᣬܶʿõԼûãóףһ¶Ĵᣬ׳ЩͬıԲμӵ˺ܶ࣬פڷеĴʿǲȱϯ
Ļᣬǰһ˵ܺá
һЦеԽʵ˫Ŀ죬ҧ˵ƨ
ûԥֱӾǰ״ȥ
ٰ⽻״ȴҵˣǮҵǮ󸻣СӵͷԣⱱؾҲܸá
ֻóмֵˣܽȥԥȡһƿӣ˵Σ
߿һۣɫ䣺ȻһֻӡĹ
ЩֶηӡĹϵֻշ֮󣬲ܸչһϵһıڣΣıؾ˵меģûǴĻͷһسĶ
ߺұȭ˵ǰǮҪǰۣ
ûǮҾȻҲȤȴãȻܴӦҡͷ˵ȭһ
̾ȴҲֻܴӦ¶йء
ҽ뽻֮ϢҲǮҸ߲Ķ棬ǮֱϵһһȻйȶɵⶼóϧһдۣһҪ
һıڣǮ󸻣ҲȻĶ
ҽ뽻֮˵ݸһɫĶ񣬻ɫߣǽǱΪ˷ֹ˶ᱦɱˣҪݣȴ⣬Ҵߺ󣬷ִĲҲǲͬŸЧΪ˷ֹʿǿп̽
Ҹ˹ϯλѾʼˡ
ҹĻֻҹһҹʮ깦ڶҹ꣬ҹ꣬ǵһҹҪ֮գҪһ𵤣λѰæ
һͿ䣬˵ʱ㣬ǴŨŨĲ֮ɫɼǲԸ⽻״ûа취ˣܻҪ
ȱҶЩģֻϵĶƺûʲôܹ׵ģֻա
մﱻһ˵õɫŹ֣˵֮˵ѾҿǻҲֻɽ׾ٵó𵤡
Ǻ£ҹĻͻƻҲָտɴˡ
вٱҶסˣȵʱ̣ƺ˵ˣҲվ˳
λѣһ
δ䣬иŽɫߵĴ˳
Ҫˣ
ʲô֪˵ԼҪˣʮ㣬˿ӣȴɫŹ֣ȻסףͣǮ󸻻˭һ𼱻ǵĪǴ֮ľ
˾һ˵˵Ǻ
ҿ˿۰Ͱ͵Ǯ󸻣ȴһͷҪȪ֪ûУ
ǮһȴҡͷȪֻǴԣҺƫţûʲôãǮҲûлѴռ
ұǮҲƴָ֣ȪĴˣҲȥ֮ðˣһ򱶣ϧǮȴûԸ̾һֻðԭƻƿӷ棬ʢ˵һֻȪˮ
һһ˿ϣ
һ仰˾ˣ֪վǿϵƿӣ֪˶ſסǿĳ嶯
Ȼǹ
˵֮磬ҲмУδ˵˳ۣΣյıؾ޼֮
ֻϧҪȪ߶ԱȣȪļֵԶѷɫֻǿӵС
۷׷ף˲Ƶ˸߳ǮֱðвأɶҪƫҪûʲôõȪȥĸ㣿
ܶɵĺĵҲڹңжܹע⣬ĳ֣ȴÿ˶סˣлֵıˣҲ޵ĿΪǱˣԶһ迿ס
ѣҪ֮ҵҲóȪֻǡ
ܶҡͷϣܹɿڡ
ǸֻҪȪ
ȴ˿òͷûȪףɲ
ֻǵҪֶˡ
ܶ˲ʣź˵
ҿˣ֪ǵȤѾˣǹһĨЦ⣬ֻڱΣûп˵ôɣҹһ֮أ


430 ʥ
ȴ˵Цˣʲôþأ
˿ϵҵĹҰѹǵҲ͵࣬˵
ܣаϰٸԼһɵĴУ֪㲻㾪죿
һ˵
ûбҪҲûбҪעʲôΪ仰Ѿ㹻ˡ
˶ˣ֮󣬲˷Ц֮ѵҵȶɵ𣿡
ܣ˭Ը˵
ȴǷЦ֮Ųţǵ£Ҫܣ漰Ĵɣǽⱱؾ󣬾Ҳûм˰ɣͳ⴫֮ضȥˣ֪֮ǰйԹλǵĺ£ʱ̹עǵĶ⴫֮أھ˵ʮѻУ˵طλİ취һɭ֣겻⣬Χſֲȴѻڶ࣬ţޱȡ
ҽҵЩϸڣһ˿ȫ˵ҪȡűˣҪ˵滰ȻԷֱǼ١
ҵĹѻ֮еõ⣬ֻǺСһ֣ǿϸ룬³˭ôأ
˵ţٶóһƿӣһֻŵˣ˿ҲǰŰˣõһֻõֻɾͲü򵥵ˣ
ĪǴ˵þģ
иɵĵʵ֪Ϊβ̣Ҫ֪ҵȡ
׼Ӧ֮ԣȭ˵ԭ㣬һҸг𣬷ǲǵ飬ҶԸȥڶ׼֣иڶ࣬Σޱȣûʵһ˶̣ҪһҺҪˣҪȪȪƫƫѻ֮УұռԣҽϢ˵˷Ȫˮɴҽ
ˡ
Ǯ󸻵һס˵ģ
ҵͷ˵һֽǮһֽ޶
Ǯսȭͷǰѻ룬ȥֻҪȪҲԸġ
ͷ˲٣ҲǺ⣬һȪȴǰһ֪ѾԷ
ȴЦֻǵԼȴʷ̲ƾãºأ֮ر¶ȥǱûж⣬Ҳᰲģʱ򿿽ȥģֻǲŹǵģҲûֹҵ棬ǴȻá
ĴУϰٹ
ȻҲ˲ںǶƵɣ˵ţͿ̫𣬷ᴫ˾ռˣǲһ֣ǰһˣ
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Ϊ˲עĿҳȥ֮ʲôѵȻȺܼ֮˼ȦΪľԼϢɢ֮뿪ǣѸ˵أȻǿÿӵ۹עÿһˣɱ˶ᱦͷˣǲ١
үСĽǧ֮һĴǣҲ䵽ⲽء
ϰԵƨ˵ȴסͣԼƺ˵©ˣȻҵɫѾˣҪͣȴǿ˸Ķ
ҵüͷţϸֳ䱸֮⣬佣Уǰ˵ͷ¶βʲôúɡ
Ĵ֮УǰľڶмϢ֣ȳһߣȴ˽ţȻҲ˱ؾΪ϶ĵشȺؾرգȻʥ̵ˣô·˭ͲҪ˵ˡ
ҶʥŮ⵵£û뵽ˣ⽻ӣʥŮҲûзҵȻעõֻԳصҲηҵٵģ
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ʥŮŰɫɴԣЦգῴϣ㣬޹أʥ޹أֻҪ㣬ζҪ
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ҸͲףǶʶôĳޣָݣҸɴʣҾ㣿ûǴĻӦǵһμɣ
ʥŮٴηЦЦŵԳѾˣʱ޿̲Ҫ㸴𣬿ȴҡǱǻڶֻˡ
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СкЦţЦãһȴǹ˳ףӿѪ˿ְ֣𣿡
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ſںԣ֪ν
ʥҲĲ֮㲻ϺˣѾͻƣرɵǣֻСкƺЩŵ򲻹Ҳӵˡ
־ܰɡ
ʥŮȻڣдһӽ޵ζ
ʥŮȴǿЦˣʥжţҪһ¡
ҺǺһЦס֮
֪ߵغ񣡡
ǽЦһ˸֮ͳһ


431 ҿɴ
ϼһǻڵˣҲ֪ʥôãŸոմãӿֳһ֣илڵǿڡ
ÿһСͻƣ֮ǰĴ󾳽磬нĳһʿԱʮڣһڣܿʮڣ٣Ҳܱƽ⣬ڻ۷壬µĲˡ
ҸոͻƻãȻΪҶѪǿ˻ڣȴǲ̫ȶ֮ǰħڵ˸оϢȣԭΪڸ֮ظ
ΪҸĶ֣ȴԣҿĵڣ֮ԲӣҲΪͻ˻ҪԵĿ¡
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֪һ绹ȶСһҲҲˣھڵĵĻᶼûˣֱӳ֡
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ǻڵʿ۽֮Ҫǰʿǿ̫ࡣ
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һûжþԣѾܹӲˣлʤȻֻнֲ֪Լĵʮ㣬ʮغ϶ʤ
Ҳˣƾʲôҹ£ҳ˵
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ɫܴ죬öֱӶԼĵƣҧ³һξѪպѪΣٴλѤõĹ⻪Žε趯ɳǹճɽӺĻ棬ֶⲻ龰ɽˮײǷ޴졣
ͷƤ飬ʶϼһﶯˣԪӿֱӷأö߶Ƿӳ⽣ʵһ㣬ɽеİԵɨһƬ֮ǿռ䶼
ʮս֮ǰʹһξҪľԪȴûֵˣԪ֧ʹãԽߣԽܹӾԵ
ʲôط˲ʮĿֲýŸовľ֮࣬һɼȣǴ˲ôǽ´ֻʥ̵ѣ
֮ɫѾҪƴǽ븹У˫ӡһԪȫӿһص֮ȫߣΨ˽ԣľˮѸٳɣĽԶѻһʹÿó
У¶Ц֮⣬ȴȡ·ˣߣ
غͶоΪ˵ľޣԣѾҵļޣⲢʹأȻ㣬ñƿУҷصĿģʧ⣬ֻҪǰɣұĸԻ
һԻʣô
飬ܵԼķɣѪҺǽԼ˳Ųӣͬһʬ£Ҳ֪Ϊʲô˲Լƿأ
ţ
һĻ̫죬ʥŮû뵽һֱԾס˽ŵʬ塣
źĽţӿˮ˵չôõţҲɱˣ֮𣬲죡
㾿˭
ɱ˽ţıǣʵ
ãҾ֪
Цֱ˺ɴ
ڿ׵ʱһǵ˳ҵԺ֮УҲ䵹˵
⣬ôܣ


432 ̥
˵һУܶˣµţ󲿷˶ᱻ
ױǵˣЩȥģΪ޹ױԺ
ҲɣʥŮ᲻ǰйŮģҶʱϵܵŮ²⣬Ȼû뵽ɴҿʱ򣬴ҵĸоȴ𾪣
㣬ô㣡
ҿνʥŮ˫Ŀ֮͸ǿҵš
㻹ǵ𣡣
Ц֪Ե˫Ŀ֮ȴǳԹ
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ЦţһֻֽڴֱĸͯԴҲΪˣǱʦȣѾˡ֮һţȫеĺ⣬ҸԼһ죬Ҫ㡭㻹ǵңû뵽㻹ǵãҶǲӦøлأ
Ҷ۶Ǹӡ
ûҶ
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ˣôʲôûУǵĳҵǰĹ£ҵԺи֣һĨΣϢĳ֣ҿҶƺЩҵԹ޾Ǵû㣬ֻΪѾˡ
Ҷҧ촽ĿңҵԸǣȻǵãΪҪң
ҿ̾һԲ𡣡
СˮҶǶѡһѡѡȥСˮΪҸ֮ܣСˮҲҸҪҶֻһʶѣѡҲΪԼдºȴȷΣСˮͬʱȴǽҶԨ
ҶɫӣôҹµڴڴŸ𣬱֮裬ֻ֮ʣԼһ˵Ĺ¶޾ԹеǻеһУǵһؿڣҶʹͬʱ˺⣬ңһҪɱˣ˵ԲܹĨƽҵʹôԭҲδɣԶףϺһŮжôҪ͹¶ǶôĿ£ֻһԲ𣬻ԶҪǷҵծ
Ů˷ˡ
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Ҷһɫ԰ףƺû뵽һ˵ȾĻԼǶôںԷȴֻǽԼһ·ˣԷֱ˵Ļȫ棬ǱΪһ·ȥðգ׽ˣȷǲܣҶǰĶԼĹ¶Ϳ־壬ȴվҵĽǶ˼⣬һ룬ȴǷԼֵҶԲЩվסšȴʣҶȭͷסƾʲôҹŸ𣬶˵ֻΪһ׽·ˡ
Ƿǲں
ԼֻһҲںĽɫҶȻĲӿˮˮѪǻĴеıĥԼסɴռˣΪ˸СֻܻĽ֣ôңܣ
ĿеԹУɱ㣬ĽҪǿһٱžȻĶ֣ңȴ׼ĿǣԶҲսʤ
˵ţҶƳϵͯͯҺЦȴǸһִ̹ǵı䣬в֮⣬Сۣ
Ϊʲôһĸо
ͯҵɫ԰ף˭
ҶЦ˭ڶ˭
ͯСһ⣬ƺίְ֣㲻ʶ𣿡
ְ֣
ⲻҵһƺʶҪܣȴǽܣΪѪŨˮĸоʵ̫ŨˣҿףȻаСʱƺôơֻǣôһӣһǸҶ
ˣҶ
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·һ׵ԺлΪȴ˹ֻһܣǾǹ̥
ҶߣȻ̥ӣ
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кȻֻ̥ܴ֮ڸУĸ֮󽫻Ϊ˼䣬ȴܱǳʶӵĳ֣ȴǴ˳ʶҲףôҳϹϵģ
ҵĻ·һдҶеĵطǱβ͵èƵñף˵ⲻǶĺӣģģ


433 Ѫ
ʲôϵҿҶҸûйܵĽӴӲҪ˼Ǹңȴ̫ǣǿˡ
ģԲϣѪŨˮõ𣿡ҶЦƺҲϡ
ô˵
ûˣҾǷˣΪҪҷˣͯԴȴ͸飺ȥɱ㸸ף
ͯһͻ֮б鲼ԹһǿҵԹӿӿͽⷽԲһﶼ»ˣϮֳ֮֮ɫЦЦޱȡ
һɻüͷһ壬˱⻪ų佫һס
ְ֣ڶ㡣
ڶѪ
ѪѾˣְ㲻ҪѪ
һɹɷ·ħһҵĶ߻죬˵Ļȴǲ
һ̥Ҳף㵱ɵ𣿡϶ȻʲôֵҲ˴ȻҲָоģȴֱʩչ貵ĽѺ
ְۡͯߵ𣬹ҵĶ䣬һʧ
ʱϳ֣аϢӿͬڤһ㳯ϯǵء
ȻҵȴһӴԭʧˣǸӰһ㣬˲ͯһ㳯ȥ
ְ֣Ҫɱ𣡡Х𾪺ͱˣǾ˼£֪ΪʲôȴһȥĶ˰ӡ
ʧаϢҵ֣ʮֻģģԲͬͷĵͷɢڵжǺԹĺŰְ֣Ȼȴ˿ҵҪ˦жͷߴΣڳɹ߶أһɨͽʮֻɷ顣
б⣬佣һλǺм䣬ԤУͲ
ȻͯХ֮һѪӿֱӾͽг룬Ȼɰص壬ȴڵϼѵţһţһԹʵ
ְ֣ΪʲôҪôĺݡ
ҳԣ˵ͯ˹죬Ҳ֪ôģһ̥Ȼ䣬һ˵죬֪ⶨȻǴУԲҵֱӿۣϬһٶն
㲻ңҾɱ㣡Ľţȴɢɺǻһ㣬ǻ䣬֣ǻʵǴɽıģ
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ͯʲôϵΪʲôȻģںСŮ⾳
ҳԾޱȣȻıȴģģܶʼԹܹҾҵȻ뱻ȥƺ޷⣬ֻң¸ҲҪⱱ֮Уͯޱȣֵҡ
ԽҹԸֹȣҪôĵҪôͬɭĵ
ԽХһ۾ͿǰľƣȥʱƴУðð
Լ֣ͰСŪǵȻǺá
ȻȴһҲɵܲԸ˹ȥͷֹȰŪڳֲӾңֲôô˵Ǽ֣Űе
Сӣү
һħ飬һǹ̥Ƿͬ죬ߺصڿлһһƬƬҶţ䣬ܹʮҶƬڣͯƬѪ죬ԽǽһѪڲ£ƺڻɡ
ԽԸ˲УԸͬͺ
ͯסһ䣬ֱӾҶ
һҷأͼһɱ
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ҵĽ˲䱻壬Ǳѩһ㣬˿ͣǳұֱӾͱɳȥ³һѪ
һû뵽ʥɹöҶȻ絽˳̶ȣȻһǵڴһ˼ı𣿹ֲʥһֱ޿֡
ҶڲóӦҲʹõģ
վҪҶзɱ⣬ĵƣΪҪҵ
ʮսҲһĶ֣㹻ȷһ̣ʶҪħӵľȴǸͷһͷǺѪ쾹ȻѹƣԽǺҵĽ
ҧңСүҴˣŹˣƨɣǱҧһ飬ͷҲصľɭӡ
Ǹ飬ԭһֱҺÿ࣡ҶԽȻУ֮࣬ǱŭôãȻˣԼܵ衣
ѾˣԾ
ҿźɢͯٶȳ֣ȻԽܣͯҲ˴ۣƤҿƤµĹǼܣͨİɫǡѪ죡
һļӿҵͷ뵽ղģıҺȻʲô
ŮˣָҶŮˣͷһɱ⣬ǰΣ׵ɢ
ѪĹǼܣǺСŮĹǺ
жӵϽڱŹǼܣȴǱɱ㽻Ҷû뵽Ȼ˱ֲ̥ȻܻϣԭĹǼܣСŮĹⶨȻŵĹؼ
ΪѾɥĲˣСŮεȴڣҶȻĹԼĺΪǼܣֲǻԹޣֲúԡ
Ǹȴڿͯһ֮ߣȫҳԶһץȻʧǰ


434 
ˡͯѪϣסԼѪǣſǻί˵
ܲˣȥμᣬǸϢ˵ȻҪȥģҲȥһץסҶͯԴҧгݵ˵ܲˣ

һʮ֮⣬һ·һһŻԪǵ׷
ãƺû׷ҵ˼֪׷ҡ
ͣſڱ³һѪ˵һĻҪֲ
żѪģĸ¶Ц֮ɫҪһʱˡ
ͨϣѾ̣˵ȴڿԽܵķΧڡ
ǰϰ취ָ˸ȻȥϥˣԽǱ滤
˶סǱ˴֮ȴγƺ⡣
ˡƺ˵
ò˵ĻءԽ΢΢
ͻȻϮֻҪû죬͸һա
ҾҲǣ֪ĳ˸ҲԡԽȴϵЦ˵
˳ĬһϬͬʱڡ
ȥ
Ȼɫһ䡣
Ҳȥ
ŭŶԷ
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˵Ļı鶼һģһ˴۵СۺܾãջĿ⣬ٴηͬһͷ
ǿУ
ڶ֮ڣƣأһȴǴǿҵƻԣвӿָЧȴǺʮɵЧֻʣһɲ
ʥɹãˣֻǲҲ˳ֻ֣Ѿˡ
ٶȣȫָֻҪꡣ
ǰʱ䣬ⱱؾرˣǱߵ϶ҲˣҵòȪ͵ڰһˡ
һӾͽұƵ˾·
Ҹ鲻Ϊ壬īп֧ţٲܸҵʵ壬ôҪɢ
ô졭̾ϢһоǳţҶû뵽ȻֶΡ
仰ûʲôӦϣȴޱãҵһŤ飬ҡҡͷֱ黹ûнһе鷳
ǽעϰɣҪˣ·һҵɽ˵Ľ𵤣ҲԼӿֻ̣ɽأ֮ǰڽƺǼ˻񣬵ҿ϶˭֪ûƶһ·ˡ
ģӿľѾǺˣ˶ĽʣԴ࿪֮ÿ㹻棬ٶȿϣܹд˵еľģ붨Ȼлİɡ
ǾģǰѾˣû˵ʡ
ûеģҲԺɡʱһУҴһѡ
򿪴ȡƬҶӡ
ȡڵϵҶӣһƬȻûȫ죬Ѿ˼꣬еľƬҶϣ˵ģҶӱҰ֮󣬻ɫ磬ͿԿ졣
ҿԸоÿһƬҶ֮ж̺ſǺľֻ⾫ȴܱ꣬Լ׻˸
֪ӦʱӡϼһҶֱܲӳԡ
еĶȴܳԣеĶܳȴ֮ǧ治УܶණŶصʹ÷ͿˣҶӣһڣ֪žȴ֪ôá
һģҲ߶ʮһˣץƬҶӣֱӾͶ
ѳ죬꣡
һȥˣ
븹е˲䣬һɿƻһеľҶըˣָоڼСĿռԭӵ˲ʧȥе֪ڵϣ׵ûϢ
ʱʱ鶯һµ壬Ҽһˣ
ʱ򣬾˵شһ֮⣬ȴһӱȻһ飬ͷͬʱ¶ϲ֮ɫˣҶϢСӣһΪ㲻óⶫأϷ׷ôã㻹¶˶ߣŰɣСӣϷģ
һ˲ʧ
֮⣬Խ˿˰ʱǾЩԾԽ˵ӺûϢˣ
صͷѲСӡү˼ʲô𣿡
ԽתϾһʲộҲǿ
ָָ飬ȥԼӣȥڵʲô
Խ˵㻹أȥԼүүҲ쾭壬ôȥ
ֵһһҧгݣȴκβöԷ
գ̾ϢһҾҪһΡ
Խͷ˵ǰô¼ɣ֪ˣΪǼթСء
ͬܣ˵ȻǶԸȥôҪȻ͸ɴ뿪ˣ˭ܱƭ˭һܣˣ϶׷ǡɭӡϣ㻹ʲô
ԽΪ⶯һſڣȴ˵ô˭ܣ
ƺһֻص㡣
Դ˵õأȻһܣ
ԽͷӲû˸ȶģڵȴԷվ
ǣɷǡӣ̫ڼթ
ֻοԼǶڰעǡ
ʱȴһӰ֣˿ܣʱӣط
ע⵽ˣվˣһǸͷ࣬Ǹ䵥ģȥʰ˳Ҳ̽̽ɷǲǻš
Խ˵ף
ͬʱ˹ȥڿӵ˲䣬Խȴͣס˽ŲסԼͣ¶˾֮⣺
ͷɵ߹ȥһֻűǿףһָֻźӣ㣬˵أʲôүҶ֣


435 ӡ
ͻأð˱ӡ˵ߣˣ𽥱ýӲڸ˵
ʲôʱһСʿϷǰˣ
ԽסתӾҪŵߣϧãһϾͱӡע⵽ˣڿԽб⣬ȻڣǸСӶȻԶˣ뵽Խıԣ˵վס
ԽĲȻֹͣ˴˿վ棬ȻᷢѾŤĻںӿ˳ɷǱ͹ˣ˸ݵģ˰˵ôר鷳Υɥŵת˲仯ǾϲĽǰû뵽Ȼ㣬²ãܹڶǰʮгĸ
Ϊ֮ǰйѱӡ˵ǰƣԽ̬Ҫǫжôǫ
Ѳɴ˾ʲôô飬￩һ£ûмԽôǫһԸ˵ˣǵͷܣȴҲһҲҶ
⻰мģֻԼ֪ӡ˹ȥƣǸСһԽԴƫƫԽҷ΢΢ͷ¶֮ɫӡ˵ĶȻֹ⣬Ҳˣջ֣˵ģ
Ȼǳģ
Խ²⣬ӡ˿ڣ֤ʵ뷨
׳ӡһѡԽǰֻ˼룬Ѿ˾Ǿǳ
Ӽ࣬ҪǱѰŪˣҲֲң˵ܵøɡ߰뷨һѣջ۵ߣԽҪڡ
ȻѾ㹻ıܶˣͱÿȰܵٶһ̵ĳȻָԥ˵ǰ
ԽˣܻоԼĹͱˣҧ˵޳ܣ
ӡҲ΢΢죬ϾĿ¶ִɲ̬ȡ
һ仰˵һڿӡˣֱǴ˵еĸ˷緶֪Լ֮˴ҪֲҲһģڵϣűӡ˵Ĵ˵ǰ֪ңҰұһֱеΪ꣬һżȻͱⱲɷǡҵķҵļҵҵϣˣǰ㲻ֱ֪ˡ
˵Ѿ棬Ϸ˵˵žʹģ뵽ԼʧȥЩľͳۣɴ຿
ģα˵ߣӡҲǸͬܣеɱɢȥ˵ɡ
վСʵǰ㲻ˣ
ӡҡҡͷǸСӹǰߣ
ʧܹȵǰ棬ָ·ǰɷڻˣ֪ǻ
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ӡлһĨȻС˿ɲУһֱӾƿض˽ȥ
Խۺ㶼û
һЦƨĹ㻹Զˣúÿúѧɣ
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Ҫˣ
˾͸ޱȵϲá
ǻãⱲɷǣҪˣѰ뵽ǰ£һᣬԽȴˣֻҪˣԼͲ½ӵĽ߶ˣԼӦþˣӴĺǣ磬뵽⣬ˮ˳
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ǰ⣿ɫһ䡣
ӡҡҡͷȴûлش𣬾ֻһ˻ᣬˣôӺδѧأҵףһ֮У˿ҪɱңֻҪ䣬ΪƣҲͣǲܾģǣȴƫƫõǰұҪţ
ݺݵĿһʣͷҪϷӡеıֱ޷ݣҧҧһָҵʺݺݵ˵֮ԣϷΥԣҲҪҪС
˵֮䣬ӡ˾ʹӻȡһöӨĵҩҵĿУϵʹ֮ɫͱѹȥ
ǰСΪʲôҪԽû뵽תۣԸʵ
ôӡ˵дż־裬ҪһղС;˵ң׳ֲۣΪ˳ɨһвȶء
ⱰСˣˣȴᵽ˱ӡ˰صɱ⣬һת䡣
ղŲ˵Խըˣƾɶ˵ң
ղǸղţȻΨǰհʱӣȻ˵
ԽֱݺݵһΣȻԼǲԶ
޳ܵ⣬Ȼɲ⡣
֮ĵǿֱ̳ԣΪ֮ΪȻ򡭡ƬҶӣȴɬȻľϣȴǿޱȣɣ棬ǴĶҩңɣӡ֮ǰΪ׼ʵҲֱӾͰƬҶ̵ȴô꣬в֮⣬һֱûʹãû뵽ȴǱҡ
̾ϢһȡһƬҶҵü֮ϣȻóŸ룬ֱҵľŴѨ֮ϣɫأӡҵؿڵȥ
Щ񱩵Ҫ
ոɵʱڵĿԪǱˮóһ㣬ӿȥΪŴѨıȣֱӾͳüĶȥһƬҶ𽥱ô󣬾ǳϸС֦Ȼ֦ɢɣӳȥȡڵͬʱ֦ѿҶӳ˳
ҵָ΢΢һ


436 ̹
ҵ۾ɲǣһøոͺһըֻʣ·ĩ
̿򵥣֮ת뵽֮УȴǼȼѣǱӡ˶ͷҲ߳ϸܵĺˮ΢΢ϢţԪ
СӣװˣԼɡ
ӡ֣˵
Ϊʲô
ͷһ˱ӡˣӿ֮УҲȴǲܿƣΪҸоԼڣ췭ظı仯𽥵ģҵŤʹͬˮӿֻץסݵأҧأΪѪ
ѵһûã
ӡɫ䣬Ե˽⣬ӦѾˣΪʲôһôʹࣿ
ʵȫϲãΪʹ࣬ѾϤֻеҪѨʱ򣬲Żĸо
ô˵ǵҶã
Ȼһ̣ҵٴγ˹֮УĲӦ֮󣬿ʼһͻһϣϣϡƬҶѨ
֮̽߸Ѩͬʱľ֮ǰһϣ̶ȣҲʤ֮ǰһ

Ǵ˵еľģǼֱϢͣЪˡ
һΣڵʱ˳žĳˢ֮еЩ˺ۣҲ𽥵ıĨƽҶҵƣգۼѾָС룬ҵĻڵΪҲǳ׵ȹ
Ǿ޴ջϲãȴûڱ棬ΪиӡˣĴ鷳
ҵı仯ӡ˿ۣڵܣСɵ಻ӿ߸ѨɫúȻģ㾹Ȼ컯
һļ֮ӿͷӡ˵˫֮ж𽥵ķ죬ɣҵģôҲҶߣġҶ˴ͨģʵķԾҪɣǼֱҪĻԵſԣҶûмӵҵΪϣҵɱ䣬ڱӡ˿컯
֮ĸǴ˵е̥
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ĩʱֻˣΪ˴ǿңӡȴһ˿ڴֻڴ֮࣬еźϧǾģֻϣ׻ǲһЩ
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ӡͫһƿ˵ΪҪĶⲻұ⣬ϣҲǲɱˡ
ȴǿĵ㣬ʵ˲ҪЦˣôĴ۾ңҪôɱ𣿶ȥ㷢Ѫģһë
ӡЦָ˵ֻҪԶ֣ͼɡ
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ӡһ̶ŭֿԽ߲һֱӻصɭӡ֮Уñӡ˷ŭսȭͷһȺ޳֮ǲԸɱ㣬ȻܹѰˣӲģ
תҪ뿪
ҿűӡˣȴһ̾ǰżˣ˵Ը𣿡
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ҵ˵ͷ˿ҵ˼ԹԵܵԶܿǵ̸
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ԣӡȴûǰЦ˵ܹѡһΣҲȥմȾħԭΪ컯û뵽ȴƹǵľ綾
ޱ꣬ȻѾǱӿˡ
ҵ˵ͷٴαȭˣͼıԵĿʲô
ӡĿң̸û뵽ģ֪Ϊʲôȴеϲֽʽѻ˵˿֣˵ԣһԣϸϸУĵãܽħһع鵽֮
Ȼһģһ
ӡ־أѾȥЩеûˣ͸ݹһΪ˽ħ˽ʬԼСӣӡˣȴϣͨҵ֮ǶǲԼˣҪı䡣
ҳĬ˵ôαҪ᣿˲˵̫һҲоףǰһ֣˿û⣬ϣǰ֤õ֮󣬲Σˣ˺޹Ҫǡи顣
ӡѹż˵
ҵ˵ؾд䣬з֮УǰӻңֱȥؾΪֹȻǰӦҲԽ㣡
Ȼ䷢Цܴ˵ҲӦͲϸңôΥѪģҲҪɱڣҪ˵ɽ
ҿűӡˣҲ¶ЦݣһΪ
Ҷа취Ըˣ


437 
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ӵ޳ܳҵ˼ҵĶ˸ڣǲҪ
Խ̸ֹɵеĲܴԽ֪ӡ֮ǰҵʲô̶ȣû뵽Ȼͱ˵ˡ
ʵʹܹԭҲֻѣҪԣܹʣᣬԥǼεʧܣѾ˲֮УټĪһӰ죬ӡ˷ֶҵɱȴҲǵȻԼʧЩ̲סҧгݡ
ҽؽʱЩˬҲɢ
أɽصص̩ɽǰ治ɫأ֮ǵеľŵϦӡϹ޵ʿķǣʿ߱Ļ꣬ľԣأʺϱӡˣΪľȱľһӾȻ
ֻҪƣȻôףԸޱȣҪģһӶż
Сӣһһ꣬ҰɱǰɣȻţǻ
Ľɢȥӡ˾վҵĽǶ˼Խǲϲ
ҪǰģӲҵġ
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һ֮ϵ˻ָĲ֮࣬ǰϣֱ֮
ȥ̽Ϣû˵үǵļƲ߳ˣǳ֣һͬĴ֮أֻǷǵʿؾʿ֪ϢڻŵģеҰĵģųûٵ˼һѷĳĴ֮ӿȥٺ٣ǰһӵùˡ
ֻģ̲סҡҡͷô˵Ҳʦţǿ֪ĻΪʲôѪأȷǰķչˣЩʿĻҾ͸ϣõȪˣ˫ʲôϵ
ҲͣĳĴ֮ضȥյѻʱҵɫһ䣺صԹ
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ү㿴ⶼʬ塣
ڲݴ淭һʬ壬üͷ˵ʬ״ңȫųɾŵѪⶼûˣֻʣһڹǼϣҪ࿼ǣⶨȻЩѻԵġ
ԽǰߣԽǷʬԽ࣬ҾǴһʬпɵƣɫһ䣡
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Ҹոͷʱ֮оʹһ
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ѾˣǶˡǣ֪Ƕ֣ôɵ¶أ
Խˣ֮󣬹ȻûпֻѪѻǴѻ룬Ĵ֮ء
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Ҫǣôʿһ֣ʲô󷨶סȴǾΨһҲľûʬ壬˵󷨱ƣӦҪأֻҪأͶȻҪֻвƵ󷨣ȴûʬ壬ȻԾ
ҿ˿ȻĿıӡˣЦһϼһͻȻòôףʱ˾Ȼǳš
ֱӾʹ˹ȥһ·϶ǲƣȫƿ
üһëˣ·ǰвԵҩݣ󣬵ˣһëˡֹȴЩʧƷչ˵ͱϷָɾˣǺջˣ
ڿʬ塣
һ·϶ûпһγֽ֣ű䡣
ǰ·м䣬ͷ
Կ٣һγһͷ
ǵ۾ţ͸ʺͿ־壬ǿҵԹͷ£һ̲ɫѪ·ڸˣǰߣ·һ
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ȻܱһͷˣȻĺȷŵңǾôģôˣɱˣ
߹ͷ˲䡣
Զ֮置ȴǴһǹѳƬѪӿ
һİСĿԭһѪĹףһΣգ֮ף


438 ׺
ӣҪǳɡԽֱֹܾطаš
ǰô˽ȥˣ϶ܵõȪʱùײͿ𣿡֧ԽҶ˵
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ôܣԽǼѣԽ֤дջЩɵʿɲôġ
ǰвľ˺ԵĺۼǿһƬյأֺ֮УӲǱһƬյأҼĿԶȴޱ޼ʡ
ףЩֶ֡ԽȻ䷢ЩԾĵطֹ˵
ҵȷҲûйעЩ߹ȥͷһ¶Ź֮ɫЩϱߣû֣еֻһĹҿʱһ˫а۾ҲĶңоûȷǶң
ҲˣһɲĸоϮͷ
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Ȼһ¶ֺ֮ɫ
ӣȻΪСˣָҲɵ˵㣬ȥѪ
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ԣǮ󸻵ʱɢĸɸɾ޴룬ңǾǱˡ
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תҲ뵽
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Ǯɫһⶼһ磺Ҫ
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ǸĲʮӺ󣬾˺ɱҲʿӵʬ壬û߼Уսңѷɫ置ĺկ֮սʱһ۾ͿǴӰӿȪ
ȻȪȴǲ峺ȾѪȪˮƺҪѪˮһ߸ʬȪˮ֮У

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439 Ȫ
ʬڱʱ򣬾һƳʬҾ޴ѹͬʱҲģʬʲôͷΪҪһֱ
ǲǵģû뵽ȴȪ֮УȾȪˮ
˿̻ʿڴˣֻǵ״̬ǺܺãûܹɱȦⲿͱǽĵ档ЩĳϣȴվĪߣгһѪСᦣ置ɵʮᦣ
ɱ˵ʮᦣ˿ȴǳѺۣΪĪʮᦲȪ֮ϣѺ۸ˣеĻǾִУʮĻͬʱǺεȵĴ̶ⲢֹʮѿٶȣѺ֮УѪˮӿȪˮһ𽥵ľͽȪˮȾ졣
ȪˮеĸʬѪȪȴǸɱ壬һıĹâһɾɷӿǸ˵صԹںһڿγһ
ƣ龰Ǿ춯أǱӡˣҲ־֮УңȴǵȲˣԣڽһʽҲ֪Ҫʲô֪ұҪֹǣ
һҪȪȾ֮ǰһƿȪˮ
أأͬʱһɨֱӾʹǸʬҺȻʽĹؼǿнʽϣ
ҵĳ֣˶û뵽ģĳע⵽ҵʱҵĽѾһƬ׹⣬Ĳʬǵصӿȥ
Сģ
ӡһ䣬û뵽ҾȻôϵĳ֣ܵģһľĸоһҵ

λȴǷЦ֮Ƥ̧һ£ΪУѾǸˡ
֮ǰҲͼ˺ʬȴѾǻ˿ݹڻȪ֮УǻǣҲû롣
ʬûϢȴ֪ܹŹ֣ڿңûбϲҵĽ̹ȥʱûκεĲָֻ΢ɲĶһ¡
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⾿ʲô־ͼȴûκã˱⻪˸ƺʬע⣬һ룬˱˿ɥʧ
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443 Ԫ
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446 ؾر
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448 Ҷĺ
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ұ𣿱ǣ͵Ϯǵɸû̫Ĺϵ̯̯˵
ߣȻڱؾˣѾˣǵɽţֻǴ˿ҲΪƽˣԣҪǣ㣬ΨһĳСôɵǿ߰ǻģ߸ϣȴǱÿ־屰΢˫ۣеϲãֱ޷ݡҸԼܹô󼰵ƳʬôһҲԽƣ㲻УҲƳʬû˼ҪţʬƳʬǣռ尾ֱΪֹЦЦᶼ˳ѵһӡ
ʥ̣ɻнֻ࣬ɫҲҪҿҶ˵
ûлˡҶƺЩرҵĿ⡣
һУҲ׹ʾҪ԰꣬Ϊëꡣ
Ůиص㣬ѶϣԽҪϵʱ򣬾ԽֱܣߣҲһǱˣ֣ǻ鷳ҶȴܸһЩҴƭһϢ
Ҫ֪ʲôңʵ
ʥ̵ļƻЩ˵򣬻Ǹʥɹãͼıʲô㣬ȻԸңô࣬ҶδıˣܸȤ˵
ʥ̵ļƻȴǲܸ㣬Щ˵Ѿ˵ܼ򵥣޴̰޴γ󣬽򣬵ǲ֪ʵǸЦûʲôֻʦ𿪱ٳһؾڲĿռ䣬Щˣ̤ϴһ𣬾Ѿ·ʦԳ֣˵ʵӦ֪ûκλᣬͬؾˣоһʦֵģЩ˻ʲôϣӦöʦе棬ΪҵڶһУұϣҶ˵ĺܼ̣ҵĸоǣƺҲǺЩ
ǵҰģЩҵôˣǵҪʲôн𣿡ٴηʣҶ˵ĶֵҶܹƲõ
ĵĶʦ⣿Ҫģ⡣ҶѾҪľˡ
˴Ļǵˣܹ⣿ֲʥҲҪⱱؾֲΪʥŮҲҪðգΪϴɣκ©ûв´ĻǸɴŵˣӦҲʥ̰ŵģʥɹãֻ֪ȴûмˣı㡭ֻǣҪЩܣбҪ飬ǾǻųȥסңʲʲôмֵĶҲٷϻˣЦڡ
Ҫսˡ
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ԭĵֻЩҶȴĪЩնҲʵʱ򣬾ʹҹĵĶѾˣأѵͲڶΪܹţǻĴеһɷӿʹĴžǼǺ˱ôãȴûаϣҶѹеĺ⣬˵ǸŵɣǾ𣿡
Ҳ֪Ϊдһʣȴǵ˵ͷ
ЦЦгų޺ʹֻ࣬Լ֪֮⣬мʣһ˼ǹҵˣԼ˶ԱȣǶôҸͯԴԣĿԣԼĺӶϣȴҪȥԼӣ
ҵĻǣҵĺЦҿͯüͷţǹҺܲ
Ļ𣿵꣬ʦҴӻĴнӳұŵǾãǺСŮĹǼܣʦҲ¹̥֮ʱԹǼΪ֧ţʹ갲ȣȻռĻ̥֮꣬УʹζȡѪҺʹѪ֮䣬ûз֮ʵ⺢ӣȴĵȷȷĻ꣬ѪԹޣҴС䶪߿֮УǴΥʥ֮˵ĵطǶ߿ߣ֮࡭Թ޸Ũ֮⣬п־壬һСӣǹ̥ҲܲЩԼѪιΪ׺ݣɱ¾ɳΪԹ޻۵ĸ࡭ЩΪʹ࣬ĥĺӣʹ࣬ȴںôԲںͷС
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ӡɽӡҳԸʬƴɽӡΪʲһɽӡȥʬҷڵء
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450 ƴ
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ԺܲԾеĮȻʾ˿ڵĻǲѲǱ
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ףһ˹Źֵ飬衵ĽڶԿĹУҡҡ׹ʵȴǼޱȣڲͣĶԿ֮Уĳɳ⾳۲䣬ԽĥԽǿǳԼʵдգһ£֮ĥ³ģߣȻϷĥ⣬
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451 ŵ
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Ѳ⾹һȦף
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ǰʲôҷʦϢ΢ȥʳࡣ
һʱ̣Ҳѡ񣬵ԸȥֻأֻǿϧҲûˣʦŲԶԼĹǼܣʹޣʮŴʦʧ٣Լݵģʦͼ¼Ϊնÿһʦչԭܼ򵥣ΪÿһʦҪؽʦеϴ̥һΣҪͼıģ̥֮ҵʱƭۿҵʬ׷룬Ȼƿ֮УеĽˮԱҲһֱҵѪɾȻԼڵĺҵĹǼ֮УϵĺɫģǺ
ǾħֲҸоϤ˵ò˵ÿһܵ˾ˣţÿһˣһ޶ĽħķӣҲ̸ɹ񣬹ЩӣѾŵˡ
ȻΪȴоǶЩʦ̵˵
ǺħһֲֿĶǰʦӦöǱħңҲ֪˻ǲңǼýħϣͷ­ҲûˡȻʹ춼ϸң˲˹ʦԹ졣
ɥĲ񣡡ҧ˵
ǰ֪ʦ̵ļ£ҲǺܸȤѯʡ
ǰգҹΪһˣһţźǳ˷ܣЦ˰ʱ˵ܹؼաʦ˿֪Լ־أҲû˼ˡ
ˣüǰ֪ģ
Ͳ󣬵ģȴܲϣǸưֻͣаͷʦ˵
Ӳʥ̵ˡҸ衽˸Щˣ˵һжʥӰĻݣΪλɳһأҪ֪ʥ̿ɶŮ˰Ѳɱ
뵽ԪˣȻָе˻ңȻǸʱҶԴ㣬ԪӦòʥ̸ġ
Īڵָ֪֮Ԫ˵㣬Ȼ㣡
˵ݶȻ𾪣ûлɹˡ
뵽置ʱҲһܺαװ衣ҲţǱҵǸˣҲ˵Ǹ֮ˣʥ̣߸ħˣǧ˿Ƶϵ
ˣ˭
ʱƿʦȴǿŻ˵һ˶𾪵Ļ


453 ı䣡
ʲףĵ˿һõӣҲһõʦ𣬵ȴһֱΪΪһõʦΪԣʵǲԶˡʦ˵ΪҲӦΪһʦΪʦ𽣳ӲϣȻʵϣȴûҪʲô֮ӣңֻһƽˣ˺ˣųΪʦⱲҲĵһ£Ǹ˵ǸɽҪŮ˰ɡ
ԭɫһ䡣
½Ӳֱ֪ڣҲΪԼΪʦ̽Ů鰮ֻʱҵȷǴ˽ġͼΣҪɽָԻֻͣϧȴԯޣ񣬸ԼҲȫˣҲ·һʼߴˣĩʱѾԽԽʺʿˣɽҪĲǿأȶʦҲҸʣʮɽʦݣʦ֮λ㣬ʦͼ¼õ֤
Żаڴ
ңҡ֮ҲƣȻ֪µıɴΪȴǺ޲
Ӧɻ񡣡ļ
ᣬڵϡ
ڣҸʹ죡ʦۣ˵
ܣܣ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ְɻΪʦĵһΣɱң㣬ɱңҸʹ죡ʦŭ֮
Լ˳ȥʯн
ҲΪˣȻ̣Լûˣһ˵һ̣š
ʱ󣬻˳Ըоһֺ΢ı仯·ھ˴֮ͻȻһ㡣
ʯн黹һ̣ԼţǺᣬȴ˵
ȥ
֪˵˭̾һѡ뿪
ϼһĴ뻳˻ܹ꣬ƻȰӻϳſԡ
ֻصսǱ߶ݱ
ӡһжδ˥ԽսԽ£Ʋϵİθߣ·ûֹһ㣬ֶӡǽΪʵʣǺ֮ϣ첨ʥɹüѪ¶˼ɫ
Ӱףɽ̲࣬ȴǱӡˣвѪ
ⲻܣôôǿ
⼸ʮʲôҲͻȻôǿɣؼֹ˳ڣһ·۷壬ͻƵ˺ڣ
Ҫ֪䵱ᣬʱ򣬲Ҳֻ۷ѡ
٣ӡȴ뵽һĸ֮Уȥ֮󣬾ˣ÷˵徲Ϊĸ˵򵥣ȴ޼
ѵǾԣʦ֣ͫȻ
ʥɹõͷ
ӡȻҳ޴죬Ǻӣһͷڡ
һѪǱӡһ˴Ľڽڰˡ
Ǿ𣿡ػʲôսõԣڱӡʩչȴֲɣӵжأһǶҪ
·һҵǰֱ۵ᵽǶôĿֲ
ҲǳصģϾ˵ľ磬ٴγ֣ʥɹüӿɫѪǺ֮Уз·ķǵ㣬Ǻ˲ǰ浹ȥͬʱͬŭʦֱӳ˽ȥȫɱ
ˣ
ʧе
ӡ˱ײɣǺӵ˫ĿȴǳĬأͷ·һǺ֮У۶ĴΡȻ
ʥɹ֮ͫ͸ɱ⣬һüķ·һֽɫС̫֣ǹǺӣ˰ٱֱӱը
Ǻӵıը˲ñӡ֧ŲסѪأве
ס֣˹ȥһԼ˫Ŀ֮ǷʲôʸǰʲôٻɽףȴH֮£
û뵽Ȼ֪ˣɵСе˼ֻϧ֪̫ˣʦЦôΪָͶݣ
޳ܣۣŴԸѾ˵񶾵Ļˡ
ô˵ɡʦЦͲں
ΪβɱңԸɱôӦöһ棡еѵ𣿡
ɱҵ֣Ҫңȥ
ǲңȷˣ϶ң˵ΪʲôҪƭҸ㻻壬ԭԭ廹ħĴݲУһͬɽ壬ǸĻǣҪʲô֪ǰ£֪ˣ㲻ңΪң͵Լ¶ƶ֮ɫ
֪ƣʦ˿ңٴ׼֡
һ̣ȴǲҽһסԼؿڡ
һذףݺݵĲԼš
񣡡ǽе
Сӣˣʦţغô־ٶأⲻԸ񰡡
һǸңô飬һ᳤ôҾͲʦˣγذףٴδԼ֮Уͷ·һ޹ؽҪˡ
ʦʦʹ
ɽʦ̵ʮʦ񣬰ݼǰйȴǸӾȻһٴδš
ס֣Ҵ󾪣˵ҪͬھôԸʦš
ҪңңûӣЭġƵĿʦ
㣬㲻Ҫң˿ʥɹãɫѿ˼㣬ԭΪһŵ룬û뵽ȴԴͷ⣬Сӵԣôͱô죬ٸһʱ䡭
еĺޣֱ޷ݣ
Ҫɽ֮ǰеɽڣǲӣƺһڵϡ
ʦͬأ׺ݣڿ֮׺ȴȥΪ֣񼸺ѾˣҪһУһˣ˵ʲôأû뵽Լ޷ļƻȻ󻷽ڳ⡣
ǲӣŭٴΰε
ңңҡͷǺ˵ڣЦҪٴζ֣ʦһѿڶҴӣӣϷˣ
һ仰˵ʱԼˡ
һЦû˿¶ȣ˵ȷʲôϲ¡
ӡٴλĨһǵѪҺһʦȴǲмĿתҡ
ǰߣǳȥɡ
ǰأҿӡˡ
ΪɨһУʥɹá


454 Ϧ
ŵϦӡૣȴǲˣѾ˾
ʵ˼ײ²⣬ʱѾû·ˣȻأȴѾˣʱĻԻ͡
֮ǰնɱһˣѾֵһҫˡ
ǰأ֮ӣڴˣĴ֮ϾԲһ˸еӣ֮ǰӴˣӡҲˡ
㣡һö
ҽӹŽӴȴûп
Ƕһݣ˺
ʦ𣡡Ҷǣĵĺһ
ʥɹȴǰ˰֣ʾⲻҪⶢǣûнţҲûԵ·ߵ˶˵һ˴ŵ顣
ʦͷɥûзĵһֱ㣬Ѱ֮ߣ뵽֮ǰֻܸǹԹ뿪ϾлԼΪʣв
ھô֮˭ûڱأ
ĵֻʣ꣬ϲá
ôֻҪܻųȥٿ԰ǳת˵ǳҪ
ǳ뿪һͷһ۱ؾȴ˵
ӡôǿɱʥɹãҲԿɡ
׻Щǡ
ȴ֪ߺҶҲ뿪ˣʥͰźһУҪȥִ֡
ûмǴֱڣû˵һ仰һˣư͡ӡ۸߸߹𣬿紵뷢
ʥɹȻǵĿ
ϡ֮䣬ҿԸо⣬һĪϢһֱأ˲ȴżȻɲ죬ԵǵϷţֻϧˡѾ㹻˺ߣĿһˣôĪĳ֣ɺϣ㾿˭
ӡƶȻǣͷ·һֽɫ̫
ҲڴǵɣĵȻҿԿҲģƾʲô˶ҵĶ֣ʲôûеңҲûе濹⣬Ϊβ£ΪΣ
֮гɻ󣬵ϵĶȴǲɫ̫ѹȥ˰ա
Ϊ㻹Զ
ʥɹ΢΢һЦȴǵһηԼʥ̵˵֪ȻʧɫΪƽ̴ˣǴ˵İ𾪵ĲӦһӺݻٸȴǡ
㣡
ӡ˫ĿùԲʹڵľҲ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
һƬ֮쳹
ʱ󣬱ؾ֮УһŮ߳УһöѪͷ­ڵգǣ¶һЦݡ
Ҫˣ

ǳ˱ؾ֮󣬾ֱűȥֱңѾ췭ظˡ
ȻǵﱱʱᵽľһŨѪζ
ô£
һۿʿɱ׼ȷ˵ӦǱ׷ɱ
ֵʿۿȣͷ·ʧȥһ㣬ˣҲţƴ׷Ŷ֣вǵࡣ
ɱ֮ÿ˶ȡһöɫߵϻһΣȻͿһɰ֮С
ʼΪ˵Ļǣ֮󣬲ŷָǡ
ס֣һ
ɱǣȻȴעȺͬһ㣬ֱӱɱ˹
һ飬ĥҪҪúýѵǣȴֱӶˣĽ⻮Ⱥ˲㵹˵ϡ
㣡ų衡
Ǳƣûǣɱǣֻø޹ȴֱ׳˵
Ҳûں衵ĺΪɱ¾˵ѾһеˣӣҼɫһɨȴ¶֮ɫ
Ԫ
ЩյĲǻǣԪ֮ɱʿܵΪ֮С
е㲻ףռԪʲôⶫûʲôá
Ҫ֪ʿԪǴԼӡǵģ˵˶ߣΪˣǿ˵ԪΪʿΪܹɣôˡ
ǵĿģǲ²͸ˡ
ץסһˣѯ˭ָʹģȴǼĬʱʱĻҪ𷴻ѣֻýɱ
˹Ȼûǡüͷ
ãؼңɫ䣬Ȼ뵽ؼҡ
˵ģҵСͽؼңܲܡ
ǰؼҵ;УؼҵĴȴǷ¡һ죬ʮŵؼӵܣǱϯһ㣬嵹ɶصʱѾûϢ
ؼӵܣһս
عԪ˻Ƶгűߺ;
ɱ
ؼҵжŷ˳бˣҲзŭΨûп־壬Ϊ־ʱѾȥˣʣµֻǾȻ
ѣ
СŮˣҲǳŹվںߣв˾ʱʱĴȴ˺ˡ
ССؼңû뵽Ҳô鷳
̳ɢ˽֣ƣϵȴɢһɷΨѪܶѻôҵϢ
Ҳû֮ǰ֣ʱΨΨŵŵ˾
д¶ȵʿ֮ǰڱɱ˵ʿһϸϣȻ֣ᷢЩʿ˶֣ңżҵȱ˴ˣ˿̾Ǳϴһ㣬ͬľ׮һվţȴ֣Ƶ
һȺ޳֮ͽͶʥ̣ľǱū۵ˣ֣ƣҾǸǰ˵һӶΪ֣ı㣬㿴󣬱ʲôЩˣǻ𣿡ȻۣȴԴǡ
⻹ǰؼ֣ͣƸΪĻֻɱأ˵нҪˣ˭Ӳˣñ͵Ϯǣʮˣ޷ΪеˣҾͲţ㻹еڶţţ
ûб飬ؼҲȻܹҫ棬ҾؼһμɣγƾѾҪƴ
֣֡
ȻʱһϤȴƮ
˵Լɣ


455 ת
ʦһӦ˷֮ɫŵļ˿̶ƽ
㣡֣ǵһοģ֣ȴͿ϶һ㣬һ۾ϳҡ
һֱǸˡҸ˹֣ϼһҡͷ̾Ϣ
ûѡ񡣡֣ЦԼⷽ˶࣬ȴû˿̤ʵĸо֪Ϊʲôҳֵ˲䣬ΪԼ䶨ˣ䶨ˣҪ־ܣǷϻԸһ˵֣
˶˹зź⣬죬ÿ˶ˡ
ܹŹ֣Ҳ֪ڸʲôãˣȷǲ̫ѣ֪Ǳ˿Ƶ£Ҳû֣֮䣬Ͱɱ֣˫Ŀ֮ӿ֮ɫȻؼңΨһ·ץסвң
б⣬תأһȥһʱ䣬׷Ȼ֣Ȼˣֳץȥ
֮ɫƾͼ֣ƣǼʱ֣ƵȴйȥײƾϣһѪҲ˳
һĻǶһ
ԭֻ
Ϊʲôҿ֣ơ
ˣô꣬Ϊ֣ңˣϧǣ֣ȻûбһжûˡѪϢ𽥵ήңǸϮ֣ҵˣһ㣬Բԣ
Ҫһ𰸡
ҵ˵ͷ
Цһ۾
ؼŻգҽУҲ˲ϺѣѯعԪ羿ʲô顣
ԭڱؾĵ죬нѾˣʥ̴Ӻ㳲£ϵ£ʿ
ǵĿ꣬ҪǼɢϣջҪ֪ɢ޾ǷČ˿иĻᵱȻһˣ͵ʥ̵ȦףһֵҩЩɢޣÿ߳ʱ򣬾ͱʥΪҳϵ๷
ɢ֮⣬Сڶ֮ǰʥ̾Ѿ͸ЩССˣͱ籱˴壬ʥƵĵ죬Ѿѣӵܱʥƣ⻹ֹ꣬˼գЩɵʿҲвûѣУȱ
ʥ˲俪֮·ֻǵĿ꣬ȴ˿ɳ֣ҲûĿԣǷɱ¾ɱÿһܿʿȻԪߣȥʿϵķ͵ҩҲ˿ں
ؼңȻҲһĿ꣬µıʱ䣬ؼҲֲ
ʥǷˡعԪ̫Ѩô׵飬ˣҪ֪ǼǰʢҲٻôɥĲ֣ʥ̾ͼʲôһȷѪ꣬ͼѵЩԪ𣿿֪˵ΪֲԼģʲôã
УһԼḶ֮́תΪԼԪⲻܼ֮֡
֮ǰɽͬűؼأԼɡ
ɽҲ⵽ϮǸȥԮˡһ仰֮С
ɽҲң۾ɵùԲƵţʥҲҶ
֮⣬ۣħڣ˾ڣ¡عԪָͷһһÿһɣǴš
ʥǷˣǹĳ衣Ҳصĵһ䡣
ʦȻʦȴҲãȻûݣȻǲ֪ģн綼˺ƽ֮Уûв֮Уۣ˵Ҫɽ
ϣؼ˵ģôҵģ
ҲȥɣһЩԼҪ죬Ҳȥɽġҳ˵̬ԽʡԽһֽȸУұ뾡콫ǳĻǰźá
飬һ˼̣ǰɽؼˣҵİ£ǰϺ
ĴУõĲ֮ʿҲ㵽˵
Ҳؼңȥ˷ᣬܹĸһ㡣
ߺұ뿪ؼңҪȥҲǷᣬҲûĿģҾֱǰ
죬һС֮УҶ㡣
ΪҿһеŮӣòҲлƣ˵¡
аңŮӾҪ˰ɣǰҽԺ·ϡ
ĬĬļסϢɷҹ۲ҲǸˣȻӹµȴǲǫá
еļͥ
ֱ˽ҽ˲䣬Ǳ˯֮У̧һԪڣһԪڣԱһвʹ
ȻӰ쵽ԪʱˣһҪ
ȡװȪˮƿӣָһǳĻǱƯ˯ŵӣǳĽëƺ΢΢ÿһ¶ҵҡ
ļ䣬糱ˮһӿ˽
֪మٵ롭̣ݶֱˡ
ȴõļˡ
ʵ˵еڣвһʲô£ÿһΪΨһϲɾǣ㣬һ㡭ҲֻڿǳʱҷԼеķ᣺еˣƽʱ̼Ȼɱ¾Ϊֻ֮ƽ
ȪˮĻ壬һӫ⽫ϵĺ쳾Ϣȫϴͬϴģҵļ䡣
ûа취飬ǴЩӰ쵽̥ɳ
ǸҲˣбҪ飬ҪȥƴһŻʮʱ򣬽Ļǽߣȥ置ʧȥļ䣬һұĿֽǳĻǴŮӵĸС
ҵһξѪǾ֮ѪҺи˲ʢ˰ٱ
Ըое̥ѸٵĳɳӣֻǾͿˡ
Ҵ˸ָѣŮŶӣлۣʱҽ
ңһӤޣ¶Цݡ
ȴ֪˿һͷɢŮˣһСӣҵķ£
ģ


456 ɱ
Ӥһ޵ʱֻ
һ˱źף濴һۣоӤĽ¶Цݡ
֮գÿҹҶ߽ȥһӣϢӳĵס
ҿԸоĵСǳĵϢĻǣһĳɳֱʮɹѡ
֪Լʱ뿪ˡ
ҹ֮Уҳǰȥոճǲãȴᵽ˿дѪζ
ѲɾǴ˵ط˳ɱ
Ϊ磬ҵһ뷨Ҳڷ΢֮󣬲ŸоĲ
ннĹأʿڷ˵ǻҲֵ̫飬һ䣬Уһ۾ͿһȺ˴ʥ̵ķΣ׷ʲôˡ
̫ŴӣӶĲЩƵʿʥĵӡ
ȫŮӣжĺܼ
ʥ̵׷ɱ˭ոʣҾ;ҪˣȻʥΪУûеŹǣ˵ĵ˾ѣˣһѣʥԣȻһ鷳Ŷԡ
ҲǿɣҲûʲô䱸֮ģټϴڣҷأͬһһ㣬Ӳû˷֡
ڤ粻飬ɹѾ㹻ʴˣȻӣȡ·м̫Цгһöմͭ׶ӣһ׶Ӿͬһ⸴ӵĻȴ˶Էһ㣬ֱӴ͸壬ѪζŨˣȻ׶˻׶ϵѪɣ¶ɫʡ
ǰ棬׷ȥһ̫ŷ
ɢǰ׷ȥ
ȴ֪Ѿиеȴ˺ܾá
һԲŮոճ겻ãгɫķģɰﶼ˷֮ɫɹصɣʹ͵ġ
˷֮еȴûз֣ϣһĶ
ոչȥӣұϢ£һָԺȻס͡
ŮͫȻŴ󣬵ֱܿպûϢŮƽڵϡ
ȥһ
ݵʱ˱ҷŵԿóʥ̵ЩŮӣΪȻ飬ȴٵĿ
ҷ·һɱ˲գ۵ոǵ
еʵѾ˲ԾǾԼͬû˶ûеõӦĵЩȴҲҺˣͬʱ˴һ۱㿴ںߵˡ
ҵˣ
˴ϲԺ󣬷ɿ쳯ŴеĿȥ
ҵ𣿡
̫Ҳ¶ϲɫǰȥʱȴһ˸оԾںߣɵĿ˿ݴԣһֲԤС
˭
ʵȴһĿ
ȻûκλӦ
˹ȥѪҺȴȻû˿ĶʱòƿݴһŷȥľȻʥ̵ĵӣԼĽǲ
һۿȥݴ֮кüʬ塣
϶Ǳ׷ɱ˳ֵģûлֵˣ
ѵ˵ˣ
ȻһҪУȻȴһϮϼһæתŷǰֻǰԲľ
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ٴתȴѾˣӵصңж磬Ըһ绹ҵˣ͵Ϯֱ׾٣һ̴ĺ
ŵĵȥ
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ԶӡԽͰ͵˵
֮ǰܴأҪָҪܾõʱ䣬ЩʿĻǣ΢еѣҪø֮ǰһֻͣǻеļ尾
û»СҿߣֱӾ׷˳ȥ
̫ŸʮΧһȦǸںߵӰЦ
û뵽Ȼ޴̶ֳȣʥ̣ˣѵǵ˭𣿡
µӰһȴûгֻ֣εĻסµĺӡ
ţˣ
֮ǰĴ滳ɵĵӼλͷֻûͬ߳ʵ̲סˣʵ
̫ŷֲԾǶһۣ֡
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ѾԾˣΪԼʦãѾӰ
˼Ȼûж־ǺڰеľޣϢɵеˡ
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˿ľףͬʱ󾪡
ôܡ
ʶҪסʬ壬ʬȴǺȻըѪģ֮Уһ̳ΪҪһɱҶ˶أڳֱ֮ӳɹӹʮͨĵӣ˲̫ţҲѪɡ
˭˼С
Ҫˣ˵һնͷ­
ʣһ˻ţҵףȴ˴֮С
㣬Ǹ
ûʥ̵Ҳ֪ҳʲôˣ
ûңԸһ˵ϼһѶȿɲȻҲֿȴǺֱնȥ˫ۣ֣ȻȡҩιֹΪѪҴʣ˵ɣʥ̾ͼıʲô
Ҳģ۵ôںܽ
ҵġҵĳӲҪ̱ƹ
ˣˣˣˣɹûұġźǣҿɹóɹˡЦţȻûϢҼæȥŷҧԾ
Ĵ־˭Ҳס
̾һԽЩȫˣȻ߽ߡ˵
λѣ㰲ȫˡ
Ȼתӵʱҵ˲䱻
Ȼ㣡


457 
ãĻһɽ֮Уȴһ
ҿͷʪһֱڵˮҶ˵
ɣΪʲô
ͷȻûǹкܴĹϵմˮѪӿĻУȴǽıͯǣͯ״ҲܲãŸգΣա
רġҶ͸ŨŨƣ
ңô֪ģ
ȪˮƿµĽƣֻҪƿӣҾܸӦ㵽˳ϵһ·˹̧ͷ˵
д£
ɫһ䣬Ů˻겻ɢΪ˷ֹܵȻôһ֣ҾȻûз֡
ʱֻңԼ죬ȻǳתĹؼʱͻǺܶ鷳Ҳϣκ֪ǳҰתϢڷһͨСŮһɳȫġ
ϸ˵˵ɣʥ̾ʲô£ʥŮҲ䵽ôǱ³Ȼûи鷳ҲͻˣķҶϡ
Ҿһܴڳõ鱨
ʦˡҶã
Լ渵
ع֮ŷʥѾԼǸϤļңϵʿȫۣǷӣǿܣʹţɱڵ뿪죬ЩͬţֵּΪĮЩ̫ŵĴ£ųȥִÿһһɷ
ֱҶԼҲӲΪʥŮȻҲҪӣŷ֣ʥԭһֱģ¾֮¡
š
죬ʿնͷ­Ƥһ̨Ϲ£۾޷պϣ·ʲ졣
ʥ̵ʿͥȡԪ˳ͽͷ­߿
Ŀڻд𽥵ģһ屻սζƮɢ
ΪʲôһҪҶһУ߸еۣɫ԰ףа
ΪɹõĴƣԱߵ˻شǿȣͱϴԣɹΨһ
Ҷҡҡ׹˵ЩĳӲпԭĻôԾͲԶˣСֻһˣԶɱ¾˴ɽһ£˸ı䣬ⲢıһѪ˵ķͲֻ̣Ҷԡʥ̵ʱΪʥŮٲɱ¾ԾĲ࣬żҲῴȴ㶯ݣԸˣɱͨˣֲһĸо
һ˳УţٿڱУһ붼Ƿˡ
Ҷʱ򣬽Լڷþòȥ
ҪȥʥɹãΪʲôҪôЩţûеʥ̰ңʦȻ˵ĳȴǼ䣬϶飬ûܹı䣬ǰȥʣֻ
ʥɹǰҶֻһųŮ˰ˣһУʥɹøģûз
ȻЩʱ㲻ȥ鷳鷳ҲԼţʥɹһֽگҶͯ
ֻһ仰ȴûй׸
ⲻ֪ͨ
Ҷһ棬ʦ뱨
Ҷ˵롣
ʦ˵ԣҪѺ
ȻԺСŮĹǼΪ̥֮ȡҵѪͻΪܻ꣬鵤ӴڶݵʱѸٵĳ
ʱʦ˷ܣȴһҶˣ⣬ԼƷ
ЩԪߵĿǣʱɪɪͯһʦУʲôľ棿
ͯСڵԪȴǳ
һĨ壬ҶͷǸͯѡûܹΥʥɹãȴиִȻԹͯȻˡĺӣ
һʼߣĶǺȴĬĬı䣬ҶԼȴûз֣˷ǲľ飬ӣôôҲҵĺӡ
ĸŮ˵ԣϧѵ̫ˡ
ⲢӰҶͯߣû⣬׷ɱˣʥŮѽ̶ŭ׷ɱ˳ͯˣͶ·Ҷ֣֮ԼȻ޴ȥ
ԣˣһ䡣
Ĺ£ܿȴûдңҾЩЦȫܣĶȫҵġ
Ͷͬ黹û۵ʩĳ̶ȡ
ǲǾҺܿЦҶҵ뷨ԳһЦӣɣһűȴҪȡ
֪㣬Ҳ㡣˵
ΪôĲ̡Ҷһ飺Ժңӡ
޹أüͷ塣
Ϊʲô޹أѪĻǣԴ㣬ĵҲҶĺų֣˵޹ءðɣԲϣģֻǷ֮ʵôھͿԸ㣡ЩЪ˹
ûлش
ࣿȻס
úҲࣿʵ
ҵһüͷ΢΢һ仰ȴǴҵģǶǸֳ֣ʥ̣Թôһˣ¶һӣаϲ֮顣
ˡ
Ҷ˵
ҡҡͷ뿪ɽĻ֮УվϣһƬôҵ
ǲ̫ˣ
һĨȻӿͷҾǶԵģΪȴôһ˿أ
ʱҺҪһ̣ϧǸһﲻڡ
һ̾ұ񷣬һһɡ
ҳɽȥԶԶţѾҪϨˣüͷһ壬߽ɽ֮С
ȴǷ֣ҶѾӰֻһ̲Ѫ
һˣܳȥ
ͯƽڵϣûдߡ
һֲԤУ̧ͷһɽʯдһ֡
Ȼ࣬ޣģۻ̣࣬ûԡϾҵĺӡڵ飬ǵȥɽҲΪԼ޴衭ǣʦ˵Ҫ̥ʱûѡ󣬵һĺӣҸͿܾ֡ģֻ㣬Ըҵȡ٣һҸԲ𡣡
Ҷʡ
ʯڣþò


458 éɽ
ֻ鷳ĸݡ
ңԲһϲ¡
˯ŵģȴľʵڳ˯״̬Ҳɰġ
һͯ˳ȥ
ɽʱȥˣ
һ·ϣҼ֪н糹׷죬ԽԽɱţʥ̵ĶѾγһϯнķ籩
óϦĸݡ
ܶʿҧҧɴϵԼΪڷ˵ԸһееС
һʱ֮䣬˵ﵹǶаĺеʿ
һ˺ȻϢۺѾˣƽ̶ڸ̨֮ϣʥɹԳ֣ںܾ֮ǰ֮оʥ̵ӦӦϣŵ
Ҳ˼С鷳ãܹӦķΧڣûһ̽˲Ϣźǣȴǲ֪ɽôˡ
ϸ룬ɽӦðȻ°ɣǲʥ̽ص㣬衵˶ѾǰȥˣһɺǿķټϻʦڣԻڵͣ϶ܱʦְɽһӦò̫
ǵ˳ԪķȥȻʥ̡
һСʿڱΧ鿴Щ֣ͱȽСʿΨһϵʿȴǱȺΪôСʿţע⵽ϵʿˣƺء
ʦ棬ʦ棬û°ɣСʿᶼҪ˳
û£ҷ£ߣһһϵʿԣͼƿСʿ
ȻȴǸóһѷ׭ӲӣΪˣ·е˵
İʦ棬аⶼԼֻģô࣬һܱȫ
˵ţȴ
նϵ̾ҲǺᣬѵվ֮
аɫۣľЩˣɫ䣬éɽӣ
éɽһнĴڣǸЩĵɲͬéɽˣΪܸߵģõģΪéɽնħΪĿ꣬µӵݣԵҲѧéɽ׼ҵӣҵӣǿԵģнˣéɽ룬ڽе鷳ԣߣҲéɽΪȻͬУéɽߵȴһ·ңֵء
Ͼ˼ҲͼͼʲôĶɰҲԴ˭еĵۻéɽΪأҲéɽ˶ϡȴһֱڻڵԭ򣬿ʥ̣ȻéɽҲŹ
֣ʥͷ̫ŴС
Цֱȥ
ҪéɽϵߺҪƴȴһ׽аóǸʿȴǲԶˡ
ԼȥʳֱӶɭӡԽԸ
Хһ˳ȥɭӡȻܴˣָԪԽҧֱӽһϯԷźݡ
үģ
Щȥģǻûüɢʿǣɡ
һʵˣȻһˮϾ;ԽһѾץǻ̫š
ηʥ˶ܣȻ˸̫ͷ϶̫ŷŭ
ǰԽԸһŮޣⶨȻ󣬾һҲ϶·磬ڣԸһˣЩ֧Ųסˡ
ӣе
Ѳɻͬһ̫Żͷȥ
ĿȴǷĽС
һͫȻԪӿһöɫĶ
ɽӡ
ֳֽȴѸٽӡԪۣҵͷγһɽΣһ£ɽȻ׹䣬иˮ
Ǳӡ˵ĳӡǺˣ̫Ŵʧɫ˵ľѧ
Ȼش𣬵Ļȷҵ˼Ʈ룬һ뿪ؾʱ򣬱ӡ˦һöڵȴǳʱÿձо֮мصĵ
ֻʽӡ
ɽӡƿӡӡ
ǱӡǿĹֶΣѾɽӡƴƿӡӡһУʽӡͬ죬ڹֶȱ˵ȫһ׮û뵽Ĵбӡˣ컯
ǽ²ڸˣ֮ȷûϢʥɹĴֻ˵һ㣬ǾǱӡ˲ûκεʥɹá
ǸŮˣж
뵽пѾıӡˣеŭʢˡ
ɽӡ䣬̫ѪǱԽߣʣµһˣȻҲҵĶ֣ԽЦһХЩʥ̵ӵĻȫߣӲƵ촽éɽˣ˫Ŀ֮͸֮ɫ
ǹéɽ˶аȻʶ˵ɫˡ
ղżʥ¾Ƕûٴеı飬ǧɵϰߣаéɽҪа
ʶ뷨
һѰסɭӡ֮Уӳéɽ˵֮С
ǰұȭ˵
аɭɭǺˣϵȻ״̬ܲȻ˵
аǴжȴҲа︽˵éɽĹִǳģҪ
˵H֮Ƕ˵ĺáϵ̬ȺãҲ
а֣ͬаĽޣйۣéɽ𣬵ԵҲǹˣ˵éɽǰҲΪа¶塭Ҳˣɱˣ֮ѲǰΪʥɣҺЦ˵
еϵһ̶ЦҲûҪ磬˵ɣóӦҪңȻҲҸ֮ʵţ˵ôϻ
ߣȴǳ෴ķ
һɽ
㣬ÿéɽӶ
ҿɽµʯԿéɽ֡
ԭéɽ֮أ


459 
éɽ˶ˣǳ¡
һéɽյ٣ǸԵͨԵһЩһҪеˣֿ϶ѡû̫ǰ;éɽϾ˶˽ģ˭ԸéɽնħĿأһԭéɽӱ鲼£Ƿ¶ޣ˾éɽܲĶ֪ΪǴǱһηʿҵȻ˵˼䡣
éɽһֵţèСèֻ˴⣬Ҳٻéɽʥ̣ȴƫƫҲŹ
éɽӵķҶԿó
ߵɽϵƿĵӣ˵
éɽ
˹֡
ǣ
Ű׷ڷзϵƺµҪ˵ʲôӿһɱ顣
뿪éɽΪ飬ܿܿɣӴˣٻ˵ɣֻܹ˵۾ȴǱպϣ۽¡
ʦ桭ڵ𾪣мôΣ֮뿪éɽɽţǡ
éɽûʲôɽţéɽĵ䣬֪ٵ̤˼䣬éɽЩ뿪ɽŵĵģȴЩɽŵûйϵִͷӣֻഺһϵ̾
ǡᣬϵĻȴǶҡˡ
߰ɡϵ˰֡
ʦأѯʡ
鳾˸ϵߺҲ䣬éɽǰʱҲиֻмǣܶéɽͷΣȥУéɽӵһҪǡϵתӣˮѾˡ
ڵӴޣڵϣϵصߵͷȻתȥ
һһĵ뿪ϵǽǲᣬվȴȻסؿڣ³һѪһס
ɽɣǿһЦ
éɽĵô
˵ǰչһ׳ĻôéɽǼ򵥵˼µ衣
ϵ˵ΣȥУéɽӵһ
һɾ⣬Ȼ
һ·ǶҿһŵéݣԼмľͷʱӭȴǼª뺮ᣬʵ
éɽ
éɽϵŽ
ұۣһԴĹУ˳˼éɽһУҿߵһ档
һΪӣǰ׳յĴУéɽ
Ҳ֪ݣľȴǲܴеһչҵǰҿǰƽ
Ȼ򡣡ϵңл⣬Ҳ֮ɫÿһʱ򣬶Ҫˣһɰ꣬Ҳûκһθ
ĸСʱѾˣҲѹ
ۿʱȴֻоɫ࣬ûϣпȴǲɫʣ·ؼĺһյϵ͵ƣŸ΢ɲɫһ㣬ǰҿˡ
ľ֮Уҿϵƽľϵͯ
ӣ̺Թак⡣ҵĽŲ
֪ͯ飬Ҳéɽԭ֮һ֪éɽȴоԶɣûоİ취
ԹаעԼӣֻҵһͷҪĲҲΪ˼һϵ˿ܻ䣬˵Լĵʵ뷨
ʵţұȭʵ
ϵɡ⡣
ȴǱңӣȷҾéɽԭ֮һ֪а취Ҳ֪ԼıΪΣҶȥ֮ҷҶҲûʲô⣬ҲֻǸˣӣȴҲǿҾԾ£
˺صˣ˵ĵǺ˵ƣȴڵϢˣ֮ǰ˵ԹаǺעԼɵģϢʹǿ󣬵ΪƣȴϢʼˣڣ췭ظҪаԹеĺ⣬ˣһϵ⺢ӵ˵
ԹӦںСŮĹǼܣаҶʥɹÿģСͼţԸı䣬֮Աƣȴ⣬ԱΪаײں⣬ȴЩ㲻ף֪ں˭
ôҪξԹаͺ⣿ٴηʡ
éɽһƣǵéʦ֮֮Уé֮һаãԴ˵ҫӵа֮ԹޣҪ⣬νĲҩҽҪһ׽֮ˣԻǳϣðս֮УĽᣬֻſɢԹޣ⣬кܴΣաϵ˼˵
ȻûéɽаһȴǺĵá
ֻ׽֮ˣȴѵˣҶڣӻ׽֮ҿ˯ģȴһ̾ӿӣֻȥˡ
׽֮
Ҳ֪Ҷ˵⺢ӵĸףӣƺҲôΪģңƺҲûѡˡ
аһ£ԺֱӽУϵʱ䲻ˣڻпϣΪԱéɽӵľ֮㻹һ£˵ɡϵҲûжҸ⺢ӵĹϵĿʼƽ
Ͳˣһаˣ˾磬Ѿ˵Ŀ̶ֲȣʮǰѾȥȴٴθȾѪ¶ңЩ뱱ؾ֮еĸɵĺĵйϵЩȥĵӣа˵ϡǣʦУéɽĵŽ˵š
꣡
ȴϵǣб⡣
Ԫˣ


460 ٣
˵ϵ˼һʶˡ
ǰ֪ˣҲɫʵ
ģΪ˺һ󣬲ƽ
ԥϵǸֵεˣ㽫йԪ˵鶼˵һ顣
ûˣû뵽ֳˡϵзŭıˡ
Ԫ˵ұҪŪΪ漰Ūʥ̵ĴıȻڲһеģԪ˵ĸҲȻиˣ⿿ԼƾʲôҪ֪Ԫ˭׽źǸĻ֮˭
һǸûмéɽʱԪ˾Ѿˡϵ¶֮ɫ˵ϵһһ꣬éɽʱ˶ʿĽͶéɽԭܼ򵥣ΪԪˣéɽһˣһˣжƲéɽʿ϶éɽĵҲ߷壬ԾɽҼéɽĵ꣬Ԫȴéɽûٻͬ£Щ˼éɽĵһɢּ뿪ţΪһéɽΪ˵ЦҼǵú
ΪҪéɽأⶼǺܾԶˣֻЩһżǵãץѯʡ
Ϊéɽĵͬéɽ֮޵ĲǼǶˣնħ䣬¶ޣտգ˵ˣǳԿ࣬Ԫ˵³Կ࣬ΪҲûֻǵ˵ĲΣҪĶ˸ı䡭ϵ̾
ҪʲôüˣҪʲôʲôʲôأ
ϵһ˵
˲ףҲɣÿһ඼ģϲ˭ҪԣʿҲһе壬ʵ˵ˣΪ˻ȥ˻ʮ꣬߻꣬꣬˿Ի֮꣬󣬾ҪͻƵߵĲˣȻҲҪٱһĽ֡
ΪéɽҪһУԼʱ˷նħˣ뿪éɽȥ׷Ѱ翵ĳʵ
ֻܽΪ˵ʱϣнȡģȥ̽صˣԴˣéɽֹϾˣɢˣ˭κأΨһڸģߵʱ򣬴éɽ󴫳֮еé֮Ҫ֪ééʧé֮éɽ֮ȴǱˣé֮֮УȴѾܾˣûĸéɽб´лø򣬵õé֮뿪éɽ֮éɽ˥ˣéɽӣҲϡ࡭˵⣬Ц֪Ϊλᱯˣһˣô컯ŵҪ࣬éɽǵûжʢ˥䡣
ǰعһҰοϵ
éɽţȴȫᣬ˵ʥ̵ıҲӰӣʦ֮Ѿ˹ѵˣѵΪˣͿһ𣿡ϵʣӿŭɫéɽǧһаħΪ飡
ҳܽϵղ˵ĻԪ뿪󣬻é֮
ȵȣ
é֮
ǰȷԴԪ֮éɽҲѧé֮𣿡ȻһΪ뵽һ£ѹ׵ı£é֮
éɣéʦéɣéɽééɽܵһܱȺС֮ɽţҵȻȷϵΪдһʣܿ϶
ǰԪ֮յ𣿡ҵȭͷŵһĶ˺ˮ˵é֮ǴéɽȥģôֻԪˣѧé֮ԪˣȴȫʶԪˣ˵
ԣǴԪˣ
ƺҵһؼ
ү
Ժ֮з·һ绮𵱳μʱ˵ԼֻǼ̳éɽĲֵͳʦǱéɽʦŵģҲéɽԳƣүʦ𡭡
µǲ֪ϵش
ǰ֪ⳤ٣ǲéɽӣһһ˿ϣƵʵ
ⳤ٣ûдˡϵһ̶ҡͷȷţÿһˣǡ
ôéɽ⼸ʮûаĸʦأȻţҲүǸһʦŵѧé֮ȻҲվסţΪéֻ֮Ԫ˲Żᡣ
éɽĵӣԶܼᶨĵ¼֮յӸϸôܻбʦŵĵأλСѣǲ֪ʲôϵɵĿңܾʵԳ
ûʲôѾƲԼˣз·ζƿʲôζӿ˳
ôܣ
ôܣ
үүıⳤ٣ⳤ٣ⳤ٣ţҵȭͷѾ߬ˣԪ˱éɽΪ׷翵ĳһⳤ٣һԲɺϡ
飬ô£
ҷ·ʧ˻꣬ɫ԰ˣ˵ҵһ˺ôϵ֪Ϣҵ˺һ㣬ҵ絶ʣһ𲢼սѵȻԪ˵ͽ𣿶һֱڶгûΣڹؼʱ̰ҵүʲôĽɫ
ǰδɣ룬ɵʵܶ࣬үΪƾʲôô֪ࣿӴɽ置ٵɽؾ룬һ£벻Ӱӣ
ϸϸ˼ҵ֮⡣
ѣѣϵ
ҾѣѾһ亹
򷨽Եʣȥ֤˼룬ֻԼġϵ˵
лǰ㡣ҵ˵ͷҪȥˣ飬һҪŪ
Ϊȡéɽرƣ㾡ܽȥӵɡϵĶߡ
ʱ˻
һյҳ͵ơ
ֻһյƣԹԼȼǵéʦùķʱǨ˯Ȼлõé֮ġϵӵĿơ
ʵҲŸӣ⿴ƽһյƣȻ
ͯߣƹȻĹâͯüͷ壬¶ʹ֮ɫ
ǳϣ㾡ȥɣܻܲԹҪǿϵ˵
ҳ˹֣ϣ뿪ɲǣоһůƵĵоʶͶȥ
ְ֣ҵ𣿡
ߣһ


461 
˷Ҳ֪﷢ģûᣬǴܡ
ҵĻǴ˿̾ǽ˵о֮У˵ùķеڣȻͨ
ǰСһһƬƵĹâůڵģ
ȻȴûκλӦ
Ȼϵ˵ڳ˯
ְ֣㲻ңΪβҡʲôûΪʲôңƾʲôңͯٴԹ죬ů֮Уƽ޹ʵĹһ磡
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һƬ۷׷ףиС˵ǹ磬Ҳѧϰɷȥ֡
֪Ϊʲôһӵ˿Զ˵Ҫ˲ôģˣ͵ɣûؼҳԷˣȻҵҪҵƨˡ
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տʼһֻǻȥ룬ҵȥʵļ֮УںСʱԼƺҲĻ棬Щǣᣬĵû⣬ڵ֮ȴЩ⡣
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֮Уӿĵâҵĸǣ˿̽ҵڣֲһǵȱݡ
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469 
鳾һֻأҴɣãҾþò
һөҵǰƮӨ͸еľ顣
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ϥӴȻ˵

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Ҫ֪֮ǰͿȻڵʿһȫĸ֮У֮ѾˣҲݾֻܾҪǣҪЩ
ǻԵȴ
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ʿ˵¶С
ʢȱң
ۿҪɣȡʹ͵ʱ򣬻ȥˣ˺ôǾ޴ʧ
ץ֮ǰһҪϵéɽ


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ʮʿͬʱ֣ҵһɽӡѪ̤ǰһҪЩɱȻȴӡЩ˵һѪ֮סؿ˵

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ҸʦѾ˰ȻԲʮ֮Ӷһһ룬ײ֮£µľһƶȴȻʤ
ˣȻʵУԶʦб⣬΢ռϷ硣
أżĨһѺˮһ̤ǰ
ٴκս
˾սһֲ棬ÿһʩչǸ֮йأӶᵽ֮Խ࣬ҲԽ⾳ʩչ֮Ϊ⡣
Ҵ˿̶ԵʥɹãôѾˡ
ʦõĻǻ壬ΪܵƣƽɫȻѹƣȴ̫Ӱ죬Ϥʱ䣬Ҿһֲڽвϵļȡ֣ûУȴսĥ˳һȥʱʼɣٵڵأʦȫǼ˹顣
СӾȻҵĥʯ
ǵĽ֣ʩչֶԽԽ죬ȵľ磬Ҳöʵʦһֱ֮УʲôʱԼȻΪĽɫˣ
̫ҧҧ˫ֻ̫ͼת͸֮⣬ӿ˹
أֱӷأȻɽӡˣʮɽӡֱҪɽӣԿɽӵӰˮɽأ˲ͽ̫ͼѹ
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ɲͻܣΪˣȻֶΣӡٴδ̫ͼֱ߽ȥǻ㣬ɽӡס߲ϵĿ⡣
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ץɭӡǰשһȥʦ¶ŭ
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ҪתȴˣԽֱӷŷɽӡҲǺȻ䣬˲Ѫ˵ϡ
ҪߣȴǱԽһָڻڡ
ѾˣҿԽ
ûѾɹɭӡȫԲԽҲ־ոѣÿⳡսһʱһƹԼ˵ƹޱȵĳ죬ԼҲƥˣЦңоȻӿƣСӣүҲ۷ˣҪʶģ͸ҿ㣬ҪȻ
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ôţҸ˵үҴ򲻹㣬ҲκβңҸ㣬СӣҪʵʵģǾһɢٸұƱү䣬ϾͶʥǱȥҪ֪Ҫ˵ʱȴǿ֮Ǳʲôסһ˻ȥ
ҵƣһӰһͰС˫ֲָԽ
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㣬㻹ûԽΪڱؾѾˣҪ֪һʿɶǱʬɱ˰
⣬ȴҪлˣȻˣȴǲ𣬵ʱͱգԭܼ򵥣ƺԽ
Խ˳˯Ƕʱ䣬ұѾɭӡһµһΣҽ˽ȥҲ˵Ҳ顣
һɽݶǲֵܳġ
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˹ָɭӡͷ˹ȥ
Խʶʲôһ⣬ֱӿ˳ӣңңҴˣٸһθĹµĻᣡ


475 ɽ
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ܽ⣬㲻ҿԽ˵
ͲɱԽʡģö൱ƺõġ
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һ׶ˣһʩչħȻԵΪҲֻˣҲаͣԪֻҲС롭ԽԽԽ
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ܲһҧгݵļһΪؼҵҫҲ䣬ֵҵǣؼںܺãֻҪؼҵԸȴǲ̫ˣнܺƽ٣ӵҪѶȿǾ޴ҪˣȻСȴǺܳ졣
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·ϵˣеǵˣеǶ֣еѣеģԼʲôĽɫǵȥʱ򣬴ҵȴȻҴδֻڴɽ֮Уܸôĸд
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سɴ磬ֱ⣬һ۾Ϳѷħ
֣ħϣͬһѿ
УһͿһĹͷצĳ˹


476 ߳ɽСŮ
ͷȻɲҪңȴǲ̫ܣֱֶסĲӡ
ȻѪ֪һûǻ۵΢΢Ϊ顣
ҿħƬȴ뵽һؼ顣
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СŮֻ֮˾޴ɱ䣬ֻһɱ便Դ⣬Сˮ״Ҳȫ뵽ҵиҵбֻ̾Ϣ
һж̫죬СˮֻѾ׶༪ˡ
һħ߽Թ磬Ҳļ䣬գɷ޵ĵطȻ߽ȥȴ壬ůڣԶԶŴӣҲɭһְ͵ĸо
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ӡ˲ҳ֮ҾۼٽУȻ飬ֲĻ֮·ըһ㣬Ĵ֮ըһ䷿ݣĩһ㣬ӸǱ޴ıըըĹѣмһǵĹ֡
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ҷԼ֮ܵˣΪһأѾԹǣСŮбһƬѪ⣬е޾Թͬˮһ˳˲ͽû
ҷԼʧȥҰǰֻлްæƿӡҪԹߣ޾ƿȻˮн

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رүȴȭͷˣλӦúܺɣʥɹóֲʮ꣬ʥ̣ʱݣȴô̵ʱӵһһĻʿҪ֪ǻʿʲô˴ܲɶû˵̣ʥƾʲôˣ
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ڽգۼ֮£òƺסˣֻ˫Ŀ֮еĻ棬Ȼ͸һɭâͻĲ񷣬ЦһȻ̤ǰһ
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һɨħֱĸĻˣҸɴཫ֮ڵħȫУȻһĻǡ
Բ˲ǲðӣγһֻܸܵ
һ̤ǰᣬĵ֮УһӶ


487 ɰ
һ׮׮һĻĻйһ飬˲Ҿ˲²⡣
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С֣Ϊ׻üľѳۣңңȻԲҲĸħͷƾ壬֧Ųס㻹ҪħûǶԣƾʲôɫ֮͸ȵ
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ʱڹµһΪĹ㣬ʼҵƮ֮Щۻ಻մȾ㣬һƣΪеһƬ
ұǣ½˻
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ɱ
𣬻ѩ˹֣ͬȴǱһǿķ֮˻һѪԪˡ
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ô
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
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Ȧ졣
ҹӤڿĻ߳ұߡ󣬳ˣң޵ĿľΪ׬ǮŮˣʦ˵ϲȴ仰ϱۣ㣬ؾҽܴУ̤˹ؼһ㲻κˣʦҲţ飡
ħţҿȥʱƺһĨЦ
ȥħһˣЩֻΪڸԼµ߶ѣôҶĸ飬⣬Ϊҵ֪үСο
С͵үԼĸס
ڡ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôܹο
ҲţҵʦҲţ˽Źȥ᲻סʣȥħۼףָڴ˲䣬ͱٲ֮⣬ѪڴڵĴŴʦһµʱһ仰˵ΪʲôҪʦʦʲôģңʦ۸㣬ôʦͻҳӣʦǣԶᶨվǸˣΣҲ׽Ǹˡڣң㻹ǲҵʦ㻹׽񣿡
ѪЦһ
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ǼΪʲôڳңֻҪɱңһ˰𣿡ʣ˫Ŀͨ졣
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ȻһЦ
ǣʱ׼ҽ꣬ڷĹҽػ꣬أ֮⣬ҷ֮㵱ҵġ˵ԶԸЩΪܸߵˣһжǾͻᱻ飬Ϳ١
ˣ
ħȻۣüͷسһţ۶Ƿŭ
ʦ飬Ǳ˵ħңֻһ΢ɵϹ͡ôûκεıҪȥֻʦʦԸ㣬ͬʧȪݳޣԸɢҲԸ֮ʹ
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