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һеĴ˵һ˵¼ıҵһͳͳһеһǶô롣ѧĹأ죿󷨣һԵ硣





1 Ǵ˵ʼ
ഫģũ壬ò˵ƼִڿѧѾԶһ࣬ȻһЩѧ޷͵Ķֻ˵һ䣺УޣҾ͸ҽһĴ˵һִĴ˵˵һ˵¼˵Ӱҵһˡҽ죬һλéɽɴˡ
һϣΪʲô˵䡣Ϊû¹ֻп磬ֻ⡰أءķҰǵŭ𡣶ʱڿ̽¡ʱȻһϺݺݵıԶԶȥһһء
ͻ˲أɵһλ΢΢̾Ϣһ߶ţ첻ʮˣѵծû𣿡
Ϊʱ컹Сʱʲô棬ʱ̾ɵʵʲôծ̣
΢΢һЦ˵ޣ벻Ͼ˵Ĺ£
ʱ˵ĺţ
Ǵϳһ˿ص̾һ˵ʮǰˣʱ㻹û
ϾлŻүǻСԣʮʱ͸ĸһܶҳߣʱ٣ϸսŲãһƬٷϴ˵ľǵļ⣬뿪Һ˵˴ΪûʲôҴСܵĸ氮˺óص㣬Ϊ⣬˵﹤ȴҵÿ˵ģɻͱϰ˳ͽʶһ죬Ӵ˱ǰЩˣһǴһλ·ˣȴˣһְҵǵʿ
սʱȫضߺţ񣬲⽨ţЩʿ޷Ʊɢ¸ҵǰλǴ̵ģǸʿ֪ʲô¾ͰһȺŵˡʿȴڵ۵ĴĻ͸¶ϢŭǾȣлһ˿ϲ
Ҳ֪ǸʿǰתвͣţĻ۰
˵һۣ۾˵ֽۣ߱۵˿ԿҲܼ
˫СʱǿģǵԶıպϣ뿪Ҫ۵һõĹ򽻵׳ˣʹĶЩɾĶЩɾĶԶ㡣Ϊܿǣν˹;Ӧòֵȴ֣ܳ˵˭Щ۵˲ǷǿѳΪתֻȥˡ
ǵ˼֮ˣͶ˴²뷨û䣬ּһѧţܽҵ󣬳ħ츣񡣽Լ֮ҲЦʦүˡ
ǵʿҲ˵潫ߣ˵ϲ˵ǵ־š
һƣҲʹĴ󺰾ƽǰЩǶԹͷȻȣлһƬкɰѻİҲûֻƿڴ
ǵʿҲһףžߣǰƬС֣ǵʿͽЩǸʿԶС֣ҲԾɢˣûһſֵġ
ϵо뵽ѵҪɱң
ʱϾᣬͺʼǸʿġǸʿѻӵϣ˵һûɵ۵ĻΪʦҾͷ㣡
һʱĿɿڴôţ棬ΪʦҲѧվͿԺˡ
ϽĹڵϣ˷ܵĺʦʦĵʱȴ֪Ǹʿû뵽Ϊ˵İʦ׵һͬ˵ĵ·ʦԺ֪ΪʿڵˡǴʱҲˣԼһŪҪʿҲֻתһ룬ʿҲûкеĽͷۡ
Ҹ΢Ľŷġ塱ǵ̶λĺϳơ
λָ徳΢Ԫʼ徳鱦̫徳𡣡
ν徳徳̫徳ɾ΢졢졢ͳĻ֣˼˵֮ԪʼԼڽڵϵг֡˵ɳ춴̫Ԫġÿվسͳصٶˡ
鱦ڵϵг֣Ԫʼϱʱеġ˵ɻ̫Ԫֳ̫֮ϵҲ˳ˡ
ӣֳ̫ϾΪ˹ĵȼУ˵ڤͨԪ֮ġʵϣ̴Ӵ֮ʱ𣬾Ϊ˵ϴ復Ϊ֮ڣ΢Ϊ֮񣬶ҳ档УλͲ㣬ȻеͽԵֲһ˵
ӵĲݱԿˣ˴ǵ˲Ƶ˵һ࣬вޣĵ
صģʦ֮λʿθأС⣬ҲϵѧϰŸֵȡȻ⣬ĶҲٲˣÿԵۻɻ֮⣬Ҫ˶ǿʡÿ춼ѻ۵ҪЧҲԻҲþ׳
ʱһһĹȥˣת۱ǸʿûͣħȻÿĶҪеģֻǽ˶ѡһ糿Ǹʿѻеڣ˻һ⣬ֳ˸ѡ⣬ѡṳ̂һĵ·
׻˵ĺãѷſһ֡Ϊˣѳۡ
ǸʿǸһ⣬ȶ飬
ǸʿԻ˵ţעһ¶һˣ޶֮֡޵ߵıײ޵֮˶һأѳɴΪ׼ҵӡ
ĿתĶǵˣǵ˼˵Ȼ׼ҵǺѵõĵͳģҲ⣬ǲģǳħ˼ȴòľˡΪʲôأΪǸԤ˹Ԥֻء
˵Ǹ΢΢һֽ̾˵ΪˣǵȱҲǲΪ޵֮˶мʹ֮ڵظҲһ»ƣ츣
ǵ˵Ŀһ˵ҵĽٳ
΢΢ɣǰӵвʮյʦ˵ʦǷаʮ䣿
ǵ˹Ц΢΢˵Ϊʦаٳչոհꡣ
𾪵ʦʮɣڼ϶ʮʦаꡣ
ǵ˵ȷŹһ⣬ٳṇ̀һšıļֵ׼ܶԵԼͲԡξ񣿡
˿з˼ĿһԸ̳ʦĵͳ
ǵ˼̳еͳϲã֮ˣĳɾͿ϶ҪԽΪʦΪʦΪ㿪̬ۡƽѧҲɾˡ


2 
۾͵һЩǰ׼ʲô¶Ҫһ׼۵׼Ҫ֮ԡ׼
ԡӦöã׼Ƚ鷳һЩҪ׼һ̨ɾӣƷɣɻӦķ͵ưڳһ󷨣ÿ֮˴м䣬ɵʩ̳ۡǰ׼ѾҲով߽ԺʵûһԺлƲƮԺмһ̨ӣйƷ񣬻һ̳̳ࡣ
µķϻһľǸڷǰֶײƮ΢ȴһɷ߽֮ǵẰʦǵȴûлͷֻ΢΢̾˿Ϳʼɣ
ͰǵǰԸվյ͵м䣬ֻǵ˳ߵͷ㣬ϵľľ͸һŷ䡣һ̳ǵ˽̤ǣ磬дһеΩҶ棬Բԣ򷨹һҵͳмˣڤͫܿҵͳǬ޼߸
ǵ˿꣬еľڿУϵĻƷ˲ȼաʱΧƲƮǰ̨ϵ˿Ӱ졣
ǵ˼ѳɣԱߵˮϴһ֣Ȼһ֧ҶִһķȡһŻƷƾյȼȻһװˮĴУǻƷˮһϵжûĿɿڴһοʦ̳ʵûһ
ǵеҶմһƷˮڻüĵ˵㣡ֻоüһ⣬㲻ı۾
˵һ£λ˫֮УüĴǵ˼˫ۣ΢΢˵ͷȻˣһ崫ˣΪʦٽһ׷ǿջõģҪмǻ۲ɹʱĿо˫ƣüʱ;ıպϻۡΪʦĵһλͽܣⱲպӱȡΪһɣΪʦҪľЩȰݹʦɣ
ǵ˵֮㱳ȥ΢΢һ̾ǵ˵꣬Ჽߵ̨ǰȡ㣬˫ϥأͷȻ˵崫֮һ˰ݾʦȻ㹧Ĳ̳ľһ
ⳡ²ɣ¶ʼգ¸ˣ;ͣ£ܷ֮֮ˣܵһ˺µĵ˶ǷǳĽһ㣬ʱıΧʹ֮˳ﵽ֮صЧһ㷨ķΧǷԲʮףҲ˵֮ڵʮ׷ԲлΪأصЧһЩɾĶʱƷ֮ǼԣЩɾĶṥЩԵĶȻҲ֮ˡ
ʱһ㶼ͬŵ˻ûлˣҲ϶лĵ߷˵θʱǸ˱һ򵥵İ󣬻а̨ϵ󣬻Ҳһķá֮ʱЩɾĶɵģȴӰҲ󷨵ķЧͰ̨ϵıӻ
꣬ѿǵ΢΢һЦԱһŮڹۿǣһԩ꣬ȥȰɣöֻأͶ̥Ϊʦͽ㿪ջ֮Ҫг׼
ɫһƽһμЩɾĶЩɾĶ򽻵Щë
ǵ˼Ƿ㶣ҡҡͷ˵޼ʥڤ;
عæǵ˵ƣڳһɵʳָָü˫Ŀ
ϣֻоüٴһ˫Ŀ΢΢ֻԶƮһϯ³ŮŮĿף˫Ŀͷ棬ƮڿУ˫´һ˿˿Ѫָ⻮䡣һʵһļӿ졣
һμЩɾĶѹʵ̫Ǹԩƺ֪˻ܿƵģ΢΢һ˫ǰƽʺѪҺһһεڵϣƮƮÿǸԩƮʮ״ʱͻᱻȥȻ󷨵ãȻԩƺ֪ƣͣҲѻŵĳһ亹
ǵ΢΢һЦеľݸȵƽǰĵ
˫ֲĽӹľһᣬὣ󷨾ԩȥ
ԩͣ˳󷨵ľٶǴ͵˫ͫһ˿⣬Ⱥͷһ򣬷޵Ŀˮ
ԩ꣬Ҳ˵ǹ»꣬ԩγͶ̥ġǰʲôź󲻿Ͷ̥ö֮γԩ꣬еԩǱɱԩĹ꣬Ϊǰ˶˵ĺ⣬˶޷Ͷ̥Ծͻγԩꡣԩһɱԣˣֻ˵ˣΪһֻþ˵俪⳵˾Լߵ·ܶԣȴĪĿ˱𴦡ЩԩĻþ·Ƹˡ˾ߴ·
󷨾ֻӶľݺݵıԩꡣǱеҪȻ꣬ӦƷĴͳ
ԩԼһƮ˻󣬳ͷڻ䡣ֻòޱȣͷһʱŵֻԩ沿ʼãͬһ̲⡣
ŴؿڣûǵѵҪƽͱ
вУ㿪ʼ󷨾ǰ׼ķһ򵥵󣬲ֻȡȡ㣬̨ϵ̳Сԩһϲʳֻԩꡣ
ԩ꿴յ϶㣬ϲ̵ǰõƺǱʳԩϵʱϲֽһˤ㿪
ԩʳֿŷθĳ嶯ȡֽʱãеԩʹǳӤ̶
йȻЧľȡһ̳ԩǰͺȵΪǻȥתֻأ
ԩ궼䲻Ͷ̥ɣԩҲһԼжñ˵ұһ޹ĴŮ·˽ҷҲȾҷŲޣǴһҪԳ֮ԩԽ˵ԽԹԽԽΧɪɪ磬ϵֽ졣
գŭֻأ죬Ǵ˿϶ıӦԺ֮⡣ȴǻ˼䣬ֻءԱģˣҲ֮꣬ΪֻءԸ⣿
ԩɪɪĵͷڵ˵ллˣ
ԩӦĳ˿̾ԩ껹ǷӦ
űǻȡǾ̳̳ǽԩھ̳Уԣǰǵԩֻ轫ԩƷڹ̨𹩷ӻȹ֮ɻԹͶ̥
һУǵ΢΢ͷ˵ƶҲûʲôľͽЩΪʦɡ
һһ


3 Ĺɷ
ҵķ࣬˵ԾľͭǮЩŴŽɱ˷ù߼ԵƷȣЩŽɱõͨΪɱУɱжһɷֿԿƹ֣ԽԶĹŽ彣ɷԽ󡣵ȻƷҲΪƷǼ֮λ˴ûԾѣô˵Ҳͳ崫˰ɣôôŶûС
ŻԴ飬ǵ˲ȵߣݿԾٶʷִпνһָͭǮȫǬʱڵͭǮɣľΪʦѰʮɾɡߣ֪ļֵһŵͬжǲ֮Сӵãʶ
ǵŭ⣬ǵ˵Ľ֮ϽǸ飬Цʦô᲻أҸ˻أٺ١ȴҲǸԾеͷ
ǵ˼ߵС
ʱķɿ죬ʮʱתۼţǵڴͳִ֮ʮŶȥķâѳǵˣΪһˡ
ʮĥʹʧȥʱƦԣʮϾ˿ȥɷǣһʿ˵ķ緶
һļļȴ˻һڡǸļ࣬Ϸˮϣɺ಻Թص
̬ƽԩջ극㲥һֱشˮĶũﱻ٣ǧʧռһԣʾǣ̬ƽɷ䣬Թ
ʾǣɷϷԽ꣬ˮϣȴԸɺաɷôȡ˼Թɷ־־һɣ̫ƽ
һ࣬ŭգôʧֻһɷģɷп˹ġɷҲ˵ʬɷʬڵĹ˵ӡɷĵطǼ֮أֻǾصȵءЩһ㶼ɽ棬ǺӵԣһЩɭֻһЩĵط
ײʬɷʬɷĲҲôףǰ˿Уֻ˵ǰʲôźʲôԹĿزŻʬɷĹгЩʬʬɷʬɷһûĻʬЩĹߴЩֹƷأĹأʱıصʱŻʹʬɷʬʬɷʬЩԩһĹЩ塣
еʬɷ˹ģɷ֮˶һЩɷҲǳĿ̣ʬʬ֮÷ǳ̵ֶɱЩʱ֮ˣʹ֮ӵмԹУȻٽ֮֮ʱιѪгʬɷֳѪɷ
ʬɷȽԺлϸصġ
֮ΪԼռһԣεǣסȻΪĴˣҲ¡ʰһңʦ׼һЩԻƷ׼ǰȥѰʬɷôѰңҲһŵʬɷһ϶֮˵ʬɷ϶λ֮Ŀ϶һλŴҲ֪λ˴Ķ϶ǵĹ֮˴ĹеĽƣλϹŶŭ
һƲ⣬һǰ㲥ʱ걻£ϾȻȡԾһ£Ȼìͷֱָ֪³֮أԥϻƱ͸³֮ء
BJлһʱסڸ̾еķʱε̾Ϣ̬ĲƽһùסºҪȡһˮֵȼһŻƷһƷˮȻȡһЩɰУƷˮ΢΢һȻ͵ըѡ
û뵽ǣȻ֮󣬾ȻѴըң⻹³ĵ㣬³Ǹж
ľúúüƻҪ겻ýΨһİ취ǴǵҲһɵģڵİ취ҲֻǰǵĹߵĵ
Ѱ˵ѰǵĹ֮˵ĵѣǶ崫˵Ļ˵ȷʵ򵥡ֻȷλǰ巽λѰһĹߵĵֱͨĹصңҲĹȡ档
ⶨĴλ֮ҹͻһɫۣǱǰݰԾʾλӦþƫƧСº档ֲһо·ʪȣһȷ˵λáھСһʯ·һĵ
ֵ󣬻ҲóȻȥȡһ˻죬һķСڵϡСһڵϱƾ۶ϣ顣һ׼ǰһ
ģôһ
˵Ҫ˻ǻҲСǱԽԽҲǿһˣȴݵ˲еĿȣбֱһֱ쵽ĹңرһСʱʱ仹硣
һСʱŷһתۿڣĹҡҲ֪Ĺλޡ
ȽԴֵ򿪣ĹһֵĹâȻղͷøԱߵĹשϣµĹףĹĸ߶ȾȻʮס
˳Ĵӵг֮ĹѨ֮֮УĹѨûǹɸζпͨġǹ˼ڵص׼ʮȻʹĹѨͨ
ȹ۲һܵĻΧû̫ƷҵϻŵĹµĺۼĹѨֻһĹһߡüͷһʷϼطᶨĹ״ػĹѨˡСԵĶ󵽻ˡԻ϶߹ľߣֻ˵ػ󷨵ۡ
ǹ˵ĹһŴ𣬻ףĹѨػ󷨣󷨶ƷΪۡǰľпܾһ֣֮¶ˡ
˵һΪʲôĹѨأԭܼ򵥣ĹѨޱȾĹҪڼֻ֮ʲô󷨣һ϶Ҫ󷨣пܵľҲػĹصʬɷ
۲һȻ֪ʲôã̬ƽԭܾܿ׵⣬ǸԼɴأҪףΨһİ취ǿ̽ϸ
ףֱ߽ûκζȻȡԴСĽÿֻ֨~һ춯Ǹ׾ͱÿÿãһÿƽĹѨоȻ硣
ľһʱŵĺˣĿ鴤


4 ˫ɷ
Ĺе󷨶ɹŴķˮʦߵʿƵģеĻʼĹелһػȻػԼʬػòпİ취Щʿ󷨣ػ꣬һҪƽǿΪʿ๴ý飬ǿԹԩǿ󷨾Խǿ
һʿػʬʿʬɵȴ˫ɷ
˫ɷԹɣҲ˵ǰ⸱ľеʬɷֻɷ϶һɷɷ໥õʿʬΪɷɷпܾһã
ƲЩ˫ֽľʬɷܹƷģпܳΪ⸱˫ɷĲƷȡһžԼǰڵʬɷ˵͵Ϊʬɷû۾Ӧ˵ûֻЩƷ
ոջѾʬѱղŵǹźšңǵĹһǰͽ˫ɷѾʳһµԹһпܻ˫ɷʬֻڻɷʲôطӦĹѨһߣɷңӦ˫ɷ󡣲˫ɷȻڲͬλɷ϶ɷѸٵɷڵءȻɱʳ˵ʬɷʳˣǽ˳Եǽҧ
뵽һ㣬ǽƶǷֹɷӱϮԼȻŲǽʱɷȻһվС˿ѵԼû󷨣ܣ󷨵Ŀźš
˫ɷôʱȻһ˿ĸоͷһճڻϡһϵճҺһȳζڱǡ˳ͷһһ˫ɭɭ˫ͫעŻ˫ͫû飬ֻһõۿǸۿǶŤϣ˵ʵѾ˵ˡΪϵѾãɭɭĹǿ׼¶ҲѾãһεεճӵǵӵ˫ǽڣ˫̤ǽǣٲȻһֻŴıڻӱǱڻĵĶࡣ
ȻǰɷĿҲûȻͷϿɷĿֲŵĻˣŲȣ
һɷҲֱٶȷɿ졣ȻŵĲᣬŶӴ򽻵ľ飬͵һŵֱˡ
ɷɱ߳߳ĽлţƷй
ɷôԼģԼϢǻǱɷˡһǰľֻͬмһϻ䡣εʼ磬ɷá
ȻãǾֻӲӲˡľԸɷЧ̫ȡǱͭǮͭǮһɷ˶ȻЩͭǮ
ͭǮɷﲻɿǶôʱˣΪʲôɷû
ǹľп˿ɷȻվڹľУĵɢڹľײɿݵ˫۴ţ˫ͫעŻ
գȻ˫ɷһɷʳɷԼɷʱǻҲ˵ɷıȥɷȡɷ϶ʱڽɷ뵽ĿɷԹɷȻһȥɣΪǰɫĵ»Աϳɷƺԥֻ˵ڵȣһֿǰѻżҶ֪è׽󣬲ųԵ˲ųԵɷûٴι﷢߳߳
ɷԼҲҶĿֿɷɷһЩĺۼ֤˻ĿֻһֻʬɷҲǰɷŪһ󣬻Ͳڹ˼ɷרĵĶԸɷɡ
ףȻֻһֻɷϿҪɵĶˣһֻɷҪֻɷҪѶԸ
˿ǰɷסθľڵϻһ̫󷨣סֻɷϻ΢һֻɷ˹˿ûиղɪɪļơԭֻɷѻżˡһֲӲƴֻǱĶ㿪
ɷֶ㿪Ĺûϴͣ٣˻һ϶Ҳǰ취Լ޵ɷȴǲ֪ۣȥҪɷסʱˡһ䣬ҪһѪҺֻ˶ɷɷѪ̵Уһ̴ð̶ļ쳹ĹءɱСѪ̵лЩŵġǵ˵ĴҹΪѪǴνԵĵطҺɼһ㡣ҲֻãͷƾͱԼˡ
һڴҺɷϣɷҽһٶȼץסָֻɷһƣƱѪҺд׷ǡպûǻĴҺҧ⣬˳մһҺһƸɷ
ɷк󣬲ҽŷ˳ȥϹһۿҪ𣬻ͳĲҪɷüĴһʬɷʬס̶ԭزʬȻɷʬֻǻᶯѡסɷɿҲɷסֻʱԵģΪʬð̣ƹ˼ɷ¸Ѿȡ㹻ʱ䣬˿ȡľڵϻ̫󷨡
һ๹ɣ˵ǼʵҲķѾʱ䡣ֻҪ֮㲻ֻһŻѡλ󷨺Ҫȼʮĸס˼Ҳǰð˸㡣ÿֱ𹩷˸λ飬ЩеֻҪһȼ꣬ͻʱ͸סˡ
ľ˺ܴ󾢽̫󷨻ãһĻҪȫשĻûˡ󷨺󣬻ӱϵıȡʮ𣬵ȼֱڰ˸λǰľӳ󷨵Ч
һкҪȴ˹һǵʬȻƾȼɷ˻һٴٶȱȸղŻҪ죬ȻѾŭѸ˵УǾɷͽϻһû˵б㱻ֻɷ˵ڵءһȳζֻ˿ڱǣѪĴھҪҧĲ˵ǳǿ죬ѸٵĽͭǮֻɷߣֻɷҽһͷһεθѪˮڻϡһʱɷ̫Сǻ˳ɷ


5 ɷ
ƴȥ첻Ըڻתһ˲ɷ˫ֽڰУɷޱȣڰһתͱɷݺݵǽǡֻ۵һˤһѪ³Ψһİ취ǽֻɷֻɷ·ֻͼƵÿζôһͿ̫С
ҧҧʳָҧһȻϻƷݺݵһɷͷֻɷֱֱķɳȥǽǣץסʱѸٵܵС̫ܵкĴ˿ʵ̫ˣɷС
ܵкʱȫֻҪɷоסһʱ䡣ɷϢȻҲٹȻͻȻɷһµԹ֮һ˿ǡڻҪԵμŭɷȻǼĲУΪѾȼѾ˽ķ֮һˡɷҪٲ̫󷨾ˡ
룬ȡ˼ŷ䣬ɷȥһŷ䶪ɷϣɷƷ̾ȼɷҽһ΢΢˶ǻǶԻǡҲŭȡͭǮɷ˹ȥֻ֨һͭǮûɷСɷٴβҽУɷȻ˵Щɷ߷ߵĵ˻һۣŭϮ
ɷһϲ̫ɷкѾ˳Ѹٵ׷ǵɷÿβȵ󷨵ıԵʱ㱻󷨵סɷĹ󷨣ɷεĹǳ󷨡
󷨶ɷЧһɷʱ䣬ɷķȻھӵû϶ӳĹصƾԼĴ˶ɷɷңľǲġ
ƴĻԼʦԼĵƽʬɷķ붼벻Ѿȼ˽ķ֮ˣ벻ɷİ취ǻʱҲ߲ˣΪôʱɷĴսнķĵĲˣټҲѾĲࡣǲɷҧҲҪɷ
Ŀתֻܵɷڷ塣Ȼɷǰ󷨺ܲðԲԶĻǴмӡҪȼմȻ˵ʦʱԼеĻ档
һɫϵڴ϶ţһˣҲһۡǸڴϵϵŵϹڵϵ˵ΪʦڵԭģΪΪʦʱѾ࣬ڵ͸¶һ㣬ΪʦµľΪʦ͸¶֮ΪʦҲսᣬΪʦҪڵΪʦΣҲΡ
ϵʿ˵֮һ۹ڵϵʿʿĳš
ϵʿ΢΢̾Ϣһҡҡͷ˵֮˵ȴһⳡȹٰ꣬Ȳôֻ䡣ΪʦĽʱʬɷΪʦȺռԶڴ˽١Ҫ˿죬ԼСΪʦһУһ㲻򲻵ʱǧáΪеĺ޵֮ˣѽ֮⣬Ҳգĵطȴǲֻأ֮Ҫ׷֮Ϊ֮УʦүеΪشΪʦվʹУ󷨡˽ʱ˽ٹӴΣôͽʩչΪ
ǵ˵֮һƵĹžύĹڵϵʿȻ˫ƺڱ񡣵ǹڵϵʿͻȻԭǶڴϵϵʿѾȻȥ
ţһ۽ڵϡͻȻڵϣߵͷ૵˵ʦͽТδͳ󣬱ҪɷͳδˣֻͽѽʦͽĵϣڵСϣ챣Եܹ̳еͳ²
˵ֹ֮ڵصߵ˼ͷһ俴Ҵܵɷ
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ֻ֮һ̨ĵľΪΣϵĻƷΪɻңɷŭһסվڷУ䡣ɷѸٵ˵ڵأ˳ҧڻĲ֮ϡʹƺһ󷨿
ǷһͿһâӻϳӿɷʬУɷ˺ҧŻʬһƬƬѪνǽϡǰâɷʬɷֹͣ˺ҧڵϰŴȻ㿴һ˿˿İ̴ɷʬð˳ԽԽ
ɷڵϹһû׵ĳΪʬʬȻڰɢȥѸٵĿݽ߱һѹǻɢڵϡ
ĹµˣȻǵʵϾ˵ʬأ
̱̾Ϣ˵ȻĹУҲǼΪʲôңԶϷᵽBJ긽ԭֻǼûǮǮĻͿһλУξϾ˵ʬĹ˳ֻÿʱҾȥԶϾյ㶫
˿ָʵ̣ʲôУξأлÿ⵽׷۲أ
ЦЦ˵ɵӣȻˣֻϾ˵ѡ񣬽Ҫ˽Ͼ˽ȳĻϾ˾ͲˡУξ˵Ҳᶮģ㳤˾ͻ֪ˡ
תתĵ̣ԺһҪȳϾˣ׷
ε̾Ϣһ콿Сͷ˵ǺǣҪúѧϰܶǮС
֮쵽Ϊֹһֱǻ˼Ū̵ϻ﷢һƾɵ顣Ȿǣͳǣһˡ
췭ǲƵһҳдţԵˣ崫֮һˡⱾּдģȫͳĵϣõѧϰóԩ꣬ͳ󡣡
쿴Щ룬εЦЦԵˣԭⱾԵλˡ췭ڶҳȻһЩҿһЩͼȷǻ콫ĵĲ
ȻⱾ飬컹ûʦͨĵزڵõⱾ󣬱ڰ˵صһλΪʦ첢ûнλиӾȻҲ֮ˣ


һ 촫


6 ѧ
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֮˽һʱȡЦȤһ䳯ȷŪֻûĵͷߡӴҲȡЦˣѰ֮ˡ
һʮ꣬ͬ꣬ļͬʱ˱ҽѧԺΪʲôͬʱأΪѧҽŮӶ࣬ͬʱ˶ЩҽѧԺ֮촫ŷǳȤǾ̶ãͬʱصҽѧԺϾͽܣⲢͳֱϵˣ֮ࡣ˾ϣľͱҽѧԺҲ˵֮;
ѧһ˶ųصҽѧԺſڱҽѧԺܴ󣬷У˶УڡΪУÿı֮ء
˸սУ԰ͱλѧסŪϵ֮󣬷ֱλѧߣӦĳ
쿴ǰλ΢Цĸһţװѧ㣬һĪĳ嶯Ϊǰλѧ̫ˣ־޶˿лһϧһҪԼǻĸо
а̾һ̫ˣ
λѧĿתĿԼһϼЦλѧܣãӭҽѧԺѧ֪ܶʶΪԺһȴšأľĵԱʲôĵطֱңǺǡľ˵֮֮Ȼתһӡ
ǰλľֺЦֿɰ˵գ˵ʦ㣬ǲǸôȥУ԰أ
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ᣬѾˡԭסģͦ컹Ϊ⣬໥кʶˡ
ˣһ߸·ɣһӽ󣬻һ۾ͷĽ
˶ͦƢһļϣ̶úȥУⷹԶټ淹
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˼ơƵĶһ˵缸˵ѧУļλѧΣ
˵֮󣬴һãٺٵĻЦſ켸ˡ
첻ɵ뵽Լλѧ㣬ԼﲻһĻ
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˵֮󣬵ֻƲһԱߵĳ·ɣ˼˵ֵܸˡ
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һ㶣漴Ц
һŶЦһ߻װ򶨵˵죬أ
΢룬˵ҵλܶˣ޷ݵ
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ֻԼѾˣȴͶ̥пܻһЩˡصѭԹԽԽĺҲǷǳء
˼﷢ɵҲֹͣ˺ЦӶ죬㲻Ǳŵ˰ɣٺ١λѧأ
˽һЦɿ˼Ȼ磬ľԼУ԰˵ļءȻصĶ˵ҵѧУļأҵȥʲôɽġ
˵Ƿյľɽѧ¥оǺߵС𣿡ӳ·˵
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Уޣҿŷġֽӹͷ˵һֽǰķ
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˺СһᣬӶĸһȭЦСӹݡ
౻Ӵĵط˵ӣүٴ˵֮ȱܡ
ӶռԼˡı׷ȥ

صᣬ򵥵ϴ£ڴھƾãܿ硣
һ̶ֻ˳ǿ˫ۣ쿴һֻľģʱʮ֡


7 ҹ
û뵽ǣҹľȻԼ绰ѵŮ¥ˣ˵ľˣ뵽Ѹٵȥ
һ½콫ֻŵߡֻֻдŮѯʣľشֻĳ
찵һҲҵ绰ѸٵĴ͸ԼľȥĿŮ¥
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¹֮£һλ겻ͣıţеֻﴫŮҹԵø졣
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һС֣һ紵ɳɳУ¹ɭɭҶ͸䵽С·ϡ΢΢һ٣ǸоЩԾֻǳڲϵĴһᣬС·ϱ
»ĻеɳɳڼӰеֻлϵĴ
ͣס˽ŲֲһѶͷĺˮ쿴ԶĳڣŬǰܣܲǳڡ
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һ㶣ǰλŮԼһϤĸоԣľӦ˵Ǻľ쿴˿еֻĳԽԽһѵľľΪʲôŮỹһξ밡
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쿴˿ܵĻպ÷һ¥һĴûзټڲž·ݣĴҲûйأ÷ж
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8 ҹ̽Ů
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εͷϵ֩һ䣬Ĺ˵Ŀ˿ֿϻһƬƬûʲôҳ·ĵķŵһ
쿿˿ƬһİŮӣиһáľϹһ˿ˡһֽС
ŮӸһϤУһˣԺľ
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Ƭע˰죬ҪҪҵľУľڻ֪᲻Σա
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9 
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10 ɮ
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11 ʦéɽ
ССȥСǳŴ¥м䣬м仹и߸ߵΧǽҹǺڰ˵ֲָʱĻһι
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໥һۣȻ󻺻мĵͬʱܣ㳡ܾȻǷյġֻСΨһĳڡ
ߵ֮Ǹֶĵתһ˫üһšǽɮˡ
ǵת΢ЦſĿɿڴˣȻ˵ؾȣͳéɽɵĴˡéɽһѾɢ䡣ֻʣһˣҵĵűͳʮǰͳ˱ˣ
ҲǰŰɣ˵·ܿɣǿ󷨣ͳͻ󡣻һǣͳˣǺԼϾһֵ֪ԼϾǺպһˡ
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12 ˮɷ
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ǵһҧҧƣһڴҺڰ̳ϣĻѸٵȻȻ͵̧Ȼ͵̤ȥһ̤ȴȲȥ

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13 ᾪ
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һֱߣȴûгʲôر״绹ڴţҹе΢Сֻҡֱ˳Сֲ̾һ
쿴˿С֣ǿŮ·ƣƵ·ҹĻҲԵøҫˡԱߵƾɽѧ¥ҲĹ졣
춨һƾɵĽѧ¥ϣƺһϮӰϸȥʱȴʲôûС첻ɵҡҡͷѵǴ
ļȻ˵Ů¥ǰ棬߰ɣȥ
һ£Ȼ׷ߺһӰֳִǾɽ¥ϡȻֺȻʧ
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һƬЦŮĻƯôƬһ˵ĸɾ
Ǻǡ֪ҸоŮľ㲻ûľĽ㡭߰ɣ¥ε
˵ľĽ㡭ǲѾ˻ڵ˼̵˼¡
߳ƾɵĲֿ⣬ߺһЦЦݾȻƬλŮһķ䡣
һ¥͸оһ֮¥м䣬¥ݵķְɫҹĻ¾Ȼϣɼ
ʱ͸оһԼѹȹʱĺëͻȻļͷ϶һֻ֣һֻ֣忪ʼ
Ǿʱֵ˾ͿʼЦ
һ㶣һѾģˣ
ҲһЦһָȻ˵Сéɽأ
찵һֱǰȥ΢̣¶һ˿յЦݡ
ôţ׼¥ʱôоôԾǲ֪ﲻԾֻҡҡͷ¥ȥ
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ǰеܸоԾǺȴԼˡ
һߣһϤŲ
ⲻɵŲԾǸԼĲһµĽŲϵ£㲻Ǽٵġ
ںתԼյƸһյô죿ֻϵİ취
͵عԣ֮һѸٵľ͵һ˳ƽԼתһתòԼ
Цôˣ죿ôڵϴأ
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ȴ˾ģе죬ЦĺܲȻƵתȥǾתһ˲䡣Ϲһݵı顣
ǰȥÿһǽŲ͸һֱëȡһŻƷģ׼˳һ϶
ֻͻȻһתѸٵüĻ
һ㣬ǻƷûϮԼʱɫ㿪ʼŤʺѪҺӡʱʱĺƵ塣ϮʱͻΪһʧڿտ¥УԺֻŤݡ
֪ԼûУϮǸණĵȥˣ
Ѹ˳¥ȥǲûзüͷšһȥܿԼӵĵˣǽˡ
ҲֻԼǰȥľ˵ϴǹĺܣײӡ
˾ģѸٵ¥ϡβûŲһ¥ˮ찵һˮ϶⡣
һһĿˮǻˮڼǵ쿿ˮһ̣ͻȻˮȻֹһ٣ȻѸٵĶ㵽һǰڵҹֻҪ˿϶ֲԼ
ãû˳ڽʧȡһŻƷָ䣬ٴδսˮſڡ
ĽŴ򿪣Ľͷ̽ȥˮоȻһֻһεˮˮͷеγ
û¶֮찵̾һһܣת
תһɲǣһſݰ׵ӳĹ


14 ׷
Ÿɿݵӣһ˫۾粣һͻڸֵۿϡֱɵɵĿ죬һʶûСɿݵֱ´ţָϵָͻšɿݵΪûѪҺÿݰ֮ɫ
쿴֮͵һ㱻ŵʹȥ岻˼˫ȲܿƵķ
ãǾ߸ʬվ·𱻶סһ㡣ȴǰĵȷһ߸ʬ߸ʬΪʲôղŽʱûз֡
ֻܣﻹŮ¥ˮһҡΪԱһܴŸֽʬþߣиϡڱǽϻһٷλͼ
һ˿ûͷ룬ԼŮˮȴƽ޹ŵܵΪʲôԼĵȴʵеǳÿζӵĵڵȳȥ˵ɲܵȵ
Сƹ߸ʬȥ·Ǿ߸ʬʱĪһƤ߹߸ʬ֮Ǿ߸ʬϹЦݡ
߳ңһɴ̱ǵĸζƮ˹ʱɿ˼֪⸣ЩʬõġЩʬÿ߶һʱ䣬Ϊҽʬ岻Ūڵ˵ǲеѧУü궼ŪһߣҲΪˣÿʬѧУ˵ǼֵǳĶ
һһ¥ݿȥҲ¥ǲ֪ôʵ¥ɸŮ벻أм˺ü¥أЩ⻹ûȥʦ˼ҵĺãҲ֪ˡ
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⾵Ϊʲôһ㶼һԣ뵽СʱЩھӵĹ¡ֿ˿ΧĻ岻ɵһ¡
תȥ׼ƹ澵ӣתȥеľѸٵıһϮµŮӣھУݺݵĶıӰݰ׵¶һ˿ա
ƹſڣյĴ촦ڱľ硣̾һȻһ¥¥пҪеķûţôԳȥˡ
ŰһŴ򿪷ţָһŵİʱѾκϣˣһ
ǣ
䷿Ȼû˷ܲѣķķ䶼ˣȻû䷿ǧлһ¥ķ϶ǰ칫Ҷһ¥Ĵ϶ûзΪѧУȫλءһ㶼ûз䷿ҲζųȥĿܡ
ҿ˿ʱ͸оԼһ㡣Сƿţ콫ͷ̽˽ȥóԴֵ磬򷿼ȥ
һղҪһĳ鴤ĵطһ߹Ǽܡ
һģͣģ͸ĴСͬ
찵һֵ翴ܡﰵĲˬⶰ¥ûеġֵֻ磬ȷʵе㲻ˬ
ֵĹâɨܣͣһźӰϣ̽ͷǽźӰժˣüͷ澹ȻҲľĽ㡣
ƬϣľĽһϮ£һáдһ˿ˣȴ΢΢ЦšƬıһ֣ҽѧԺԪݳӰ
쿴һᣬ㽫ƬŻԭڻȳȥĺãȥ绰ˣӵĵˡ
콫򿪣һ⣬˿Ĵ¥ҡҡͷ̫аˣŮ¥ֱӴԽʵ¥ˡľ϶⣬㲻þǱǿ˽ˡ
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صᣬȸ˵绰绰ֻཱུäҲ룬ֻû¶ûŪϢźá˸Ƿһ˯ˣ߱㿪ʼģ
һŮЦ
ԣڶлţȷʵһΣеŮǶЦЦʱЦʱЦĸˣʱЦĵ⡭
컹ûм˸ḻЦܸое죬ôҲûͷ롣
ڴеֻ˸绰ȥһͳáԹϢܽûԼȥŮ¥Ǹʲô
콫¸绰ͷҲĬĬ̫ˣȥʦ˼ˡ
̶ãͬʱƧСͬУԼʦµϢ˺ܿһСͬпһƽ
СƽȻªҲޱȣ򵥶š
һСԺͿԼʦԺг̫ҵڴгΪɹıء
˵ÿ̫˶֮⣬ԱаʲôأΪ̫ʹתѪҪǿǿ˵һأЩСȻҿ
ҲûдԼʦ˸ĵȴԼʦ̫ꡣ
ͳһ̫ȭɫ̫ͦá
΢΢һעԼͽܣͳ˺˿ڰϵĲˮ˵ôҵˮ𣿡
ʦҵˣܾѧУӣбѧУǹһӵĵ˵
Ŷ£ˮ;ѧУ϶У£ר˷ˮʦƹˮйɷãϸ˵˵Щ£ԺٽʦˣϾʱˣԺͽүɣͳ΢΢˵
콫Լ⼸һһүҲͳ˵
˵ү˼УڻʲôҲ׷ʣԼʮңү˿ڲˮ̾ȥѧУô£ˮҲȷ¡
˵߾ߣ켸ѧУյſڣүſڵλ΢һͣ٣һҡҡͷЩ쿴Уʵôү
үҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ˵û£ҺܻѧУķˮܿǹŴһķˮѧҲǵĻѧУӦʢĺܶҹ񶼲ҿô˵Щأ
쾪̾˵ʲôˮ󣿡
үеķˮȷʵټⲻеǳĺ档
ү˿ܣ΢΢ͷ˵ǲ´Ļˮ󷨾ʱĽ׷𡣵ǲǽȥ֪


15 ɷ
ſڹ۲һᣬҲûʲô֮ͬүȴ˵һֽ׷ķˮ󷨡ΪʲôأΪ֤ʵһ㣬ѧУ½¥¥ⶰ½¥ȫѧУߵ¥ʮ㣬¥߲㣡˵վⶰ½¥ϿԿѧУڵһУһɽС
վⶰ¥Ķ¥ϣǰУ԰У԰һԶԵڴţεģĲɵòһֿУԺвϵľӰ
ԺľӰĿⲻŮ¥ȥⶰ½ѧ¥λѧУλãߵĽѧУһµ͡ߺ׵͸СֿŮ¥
Ů¥ԶȥҲǻҰһЩеƾɵĸоҲʲô֮ͬĿⲻɵƯԼʦүүüͷĽȴĿҲ֪ʲô
үҡҡͷ첶׽סһ˲䣬ڵʦô
ү̾ϢҿԿ϶˵ˮˣ϶λˣˮȷʵǽ׷㿴ſڵĲ֣ƣһŵƵУ԰ڵĲ֣½ѧ¥ҲⲼУ֮ˡ϶ǽ׷ֻҲ׵Ϊʲô˵Щ¼
Ҳҡҡͷү˵Ȼ֪£϶ġЩģƾշЩ¡
ү˿ǺСֵҲ׵ǣΪʲô֮ΪҪѧУｨһҪںԱôľⴿǽпЩ¼Ϊб¥ĽӦǰǶ¥һɽݲ˶ͬʱأ
ү˵գĿǺķȥȻֿһǾɽѧ¥Ȼɽѧ¥ԭġ𡱣ΧϽΧɽѧ¥½ѧ¥ĽȴʹЩȺЩңʵۣһƵġ
Ǿɽѧ¥ôô˳ۣʽĽйĸо
ͷ˵ȷʵе֣ʦǻȥˮɣ
үüͷһšȻҡҡͷ߷ߵ˵߰ɣϧˮˣҲ֪У˭
˿˿ѧУĲ֣ȻѧУĺ棬һĺӵеֻˮ͵ˮϷͻһѶѵۻںӵԣȻӵܶˡ
쿴ӵüͷһ壬һ˱ǵζӭﲻֲֻܵӿеϴүΪʲôҪأѽ⣡
ȣȣ
ʲôذô࣡
˼ά쿴һԱߵүȻʵʦôˮ𣿡
үüͷ壬˵̫Ҳ±֪
˵գүȡһŰԾóȼ֮ڵϣڵϻ˼ֵַһϵжˮû̫ĻεҲ˿컨׺Ŀɿڴ
һУүаԾƺעʲôȴãˡ
һү̾Ϣһҡҡͷ
˿ʵôʦ
ү̾ȷʵˮֻˮģҪǲˡ
üͷҲһ壬˼ȴ˵Ҳа취һίǣһԻӵͨˮֻûʲôɰѵ˵Ϊйɷ
ү˵ܶùϵͨӵ£Ҳеˣһ뵽ͨӵɲһʱԴͨģ˵ʲôͨӵ
ү˼һ˵Ҹȥλ壬а취ͨӵ
ùе㲻Ȼû뵽Ҳز¶Ȼһίǵ塣
ˣʲôġ
ڼ׼뿪ȥʱһǼ˵ĽŲס
Ťͷȥһʮҵϴү˵ķ
λϴүߣ㴭Ȼ͵ԭ켸˴˹ȥϴүһ˵ǸʲôģǲƻӵģҪǸƻӵĲǡ
켸˶һ㶣ϴүеǸһͺģϴүΪʲôҪ˵ӵ
үЦϸ磬ǲƻӵģֻǹתתѡ
ʲôʲôÿģЩȱµˣ֪ںﶪǲ֪ӿеϴү˵
Ϊ֮һ㶣ȻүЦϸ磬治ƻӵģ֪ôģоϸ˵ǳеô˵
ͷ˲ƻӵģ˵ѾˣȴֻһСεĺϿˣҲ֪ΪʲôƫƫһΣĲϣÿ춼ӱת˭ﵹ
ϴү˵һᴭ˿ص˵ӣźӵźӿӣˣµġ
Ŷ£֪ʲô£˵ӵͶһСΣүɫ΢ϲ
ϴү̾Ϣһڣ˵ǰͶһСΣͷĺӵˣͦģѧУеĺǴͨģھʲôҲûˣ£û϶ûж˳˵ϳײأ
ϴү˵ģһ뵽ϣԼȥүĳֵȷʵûʲôˣ첻ɵϴү˵ġ
үҲһȻصϴү˵˼仰ϴүʱһŵı顣үҲϴүļȻͷʾ϶
ϴү˵崫ˣéɽ᣿
үٴ΢ЦĵͷһĪı顣
ãðð
ϴү˵ãȻ󼤶˵ҵˣٴο崫ˣҲûʲôźˣһҪɷƵҲԵλҵéɽˡţɷéɽˣ
죬үͬʱ
ϴүһ㵵ˣҡҡͷ̾ϢǰɷӵòڵɷԽԽ࣬ԱߵѧУǰָһ½ѧ¥סҲγһɷ󡣶ɷѧУĽัö֮ѧУԽԽأ϶ҪɾĶʵҲһ崫ˣֻһŶѣԶһЩŶܼ֮¡
үϴү˵ɷ󣬱㿴һܣȻԱߵЩֱԱߵѧУѧУȴǶ½ѧ¥ڵס棬ѧУͻⲻˣҲѹ֡
ʵϴүǣλéɽô£
ϴү̾Ϣһƻһ˵˵Ǽʮǰˡ


16 
ԭϴүʱԱѧУѧУУǸսУʱʱУȽϴͳȻʮ궯սãУУʱһʦͽˮʦͽˮءԴӽˮ֮ѧУ˲żüãȫУ֮Ҳ൱
ϴүӵʱȴһֲÿ춼ڱ﷢è֮ĻȥҧͬһˡȥҽԺ飬ȴ鲻ȻǮ˲٣ȴԽԽⶼҼһúޱͷʵʵġȴĺܣٳٲ˯Ժصﷴһױĸ衣
ʱϴүͳˣô죬˶˵˲ɾĶˣϴү㵽ΪԼӿÿһλϴү֮󣬶ŵ÷֮ңң
ѧУʱλУһʦͽˮϴүʱҲǱԿ뷨ӵĲɲܲΰ˵ĸءϴԼĵĴʦͽ˵ס˵ס֮󣬱ЩƷʦͽס
˵ס֮ϴү÷šһһ˳˿һ۵ʱϴүɫ΢΢䣬һ±ֱϴүݣҲʲô˭ģʱϴүҲ΢΢ķ㶡
֮ϴү㽫ЩƷԱߵİϣŵĴһλѮˣʱϴүһ˵ǰĹȥźһ뵽Լӵʱϴү᲻ͣ
Ƕڴϵ˿һ۵Ͽϴү̾Ϣһ˵ɣҽˣͽܰɣˣˡ
ϴүʱҲһ㶣뵽ԼʲôҲû˵ô֪ҵʲôأȻ˽ˣҲаο
޺˫ۣ˿ԱߵλԼµˣ˵ллллҸм
ȴ뵽аǰԼЩ˿ɶһЩͣһЩŵˣǶǿһԼӶŵƵģǰҪǴλ˵Щŵ
ƺǿϴү˼΢΢һȡһľһŰԾϴү·
ϴүо˵ĿеĲҲڶ룬ЦӯӯıԼȴСĲУϵġ
ϴүУ˲ûȽУǴһΧĻȻϴүݡ
ݺüͷһһͷ۵ı顣ϴү˵ı֮Ҳ̾Ϣһ
˿ŴűɪɪŮӣȻϴүʵûʲô·бûȥЩɾĵط˵صʲôġ
ɾĵطǵûУ°ɣӵֲҲûʲô°ϴү૵
һᣬ˵ûзĺƣ˵һЩ
ϴү΢΢һ㶣Ȼ˵ԣԣԣҵǰʱķһʯͷƯ˻˿˿˵һȻֵǮһ
ɫһ˵죬ùҿ
ϴүһȡ˳һСУˡ
˽Сд֮˿Ȼ˵֢ˣ
֢ϴүеĪ
ţ֢ǹ˳
ǣǻо𣿡ϴүеţ
︽𣿡ˣûлش𣬶ֱʵ
ϴү˵УҼҷһ
ǺãȥҼʮҪвģЩءеľţ֪ʲô
ϴү̾ϢһڣѸٵܳԺһϴүһȺ׳ԼļУ˻϶֪ϴүе£ҲǼֲ֡ҲûжѯʣֺǺǵˡҪ˵߰ʮ˾ǴӣҪڿɲװ쵽
˿һ۴ˣͷ˵ǼȥŴ̧ҷϡҵָʹ
СӶһۣ뵽һ˻ҪǼС̧ǵõϴүĵͷ϶˲ȥ
ڣɪɪŮӣһСǰȥ
ǴϵŮӾɪɪҲ
˶һۣСϣޱһޱ˶˿ŮӵĿѱ԰׵͸¶һ˥ܵϢ
岻ɵһ£ǸϵһλСӣ
ɻӵеҲϴȥ໥ʹ˼ɫȻһѸٵץס˴Ů˼
Ůӱץס֮󣬱㿪ʼк˺šɳƵĵ׷
СӸҪŮӴӴ̧ô̧ƺǼ˵þٶŮЩŭûһᣬŮӵԽԽȿʼ˻ܰסǵ˺СӶе㰴סĸо˼æ˰æ
СӣһЩİڽŮסȻ̧⡣
Ůһ⣬ĸӵҲ֪ǽС˦ȻѸٵȥ
һٶȷɿܵſڣľŮͷϵһ£һ±㽫Ůӵڵϻ˼Զľ롣ϴүһ⻹˵ã۵ĲУҲŮȷʵǲҲûǰ
ˣȡһŻƷ͵ŮӵĶͷϣŮӶʱʧȥʶ赹ڵء
Ůӻ赹ڵأˣ򼸸Сʹ˸񣬼ҲǿղŵҲ⣬ӵŮӡ£ŮûӦŽŮ̧ǰ


17 ɷ
СӣܷѾĽŮ̧˷ϡ
˳һۣȻԵĵϻ˼ֵķţӦǷ䡣Ȼϳ¼֦⼸֦״
˱֮󣬿һ̫ӦʱȻԱߵ˵ЩŮϣ
໥˿ǰ²ɿܵ
꣬쵹Ů֦ãȴԱߵڵϡ
Ů֮˵һԣ˽ľڵϣָһŻƷ˫ǰٵ˼Ȧ˽ָĻƷһӣǻƷϷһƾȼȻȼյĻƷֱǱϵŮӡ
һϵжˮĿɿڴǵ˽ȼյĻƷŮʱ˵Ҳһµģ˰ҪǱˣǻ˵ãϴүĶͷҲεκ飬ɼ̬
ȼյĻƷһ·ɵŮϣֻصһ
һըŵò壬ϴүǡһл
ԭ˯ŮӾȻ˹ĿŤ۾ֱɵɵĿˣǹȻĹӡ
һŮӵˣʱϴүҲһŮ˺Լ
ӿһˣ˵е׳ǰΧһȦ㣡
Щ꿴˿Ůӣ̾ǰΧһȦӼգľӵϰγȡһŻƷժ˼ƬҶ㿪ʼ
һŮзʹ˻ƵĺҲ
ͻȻ˻ŮӣһֻݺݵץԵλ꣬꣬һ۵úжŵúҲҶֻƾŮӵץԼ
һеľһſݵϡŮӲҽһ˻ȥӽžǽƷŮӵĶͷƬҶŮӵĶߣƾŮ޼¡
ˣ˳ŮӵϴһϵеķǱŮֻԭøɭֲз޵Ŀ⣬ֱֱĿӣлͣĺ˺ҧҧκˣҲҧһ
һУһŮӣ¶ȡһϸһȻҲһ
ӽУ˫΢գе˳ƷŮӵĶͷŮӶͷŵĻƷ̾ȼɢһֽǮζ
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18 ʬ
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19 ӵʯ̳
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ʱķɿ죬еĹЧҲǷǳĸߣ˺ܿͿһߵĹ顣
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20 Ůʬ
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21 ʬ
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˶֪ľҲ϶֪һľһЩϢжľڵء
콫ľƽԱߵĳϣȻүڳԱɰȼ͵ơһǵ˵ǿΪס
һãȵľ
ҹѹƣ˫ۣһүˣͷ壬
Ȼһ紵ľߵ͵ƻ˻ΣֻԵľֱ
ү˸оҲͣеӣľڲӦ˵ľӦ︽ľ
һľ壬˿񵱿ڶԼʱһ㶣˲䷴ӦĿʼŤǵĹ
ľԭ㵥ɭҲһŤ⻹Լϲľ
һܣ˻һߵ͵˲Ϩ𣬾ɰҲ
˿ǰĿŤľжһүҲһүû뵽ӻô
ǰӣү


22 Ѳ
ڸľ֮ԹȻ֮󡣰˵Щ˵֮ڲǱ壬һ֧⸱ǣһɷ٣ľڵɷ֮
˶ʶĺ˼֮Ŀ䣬͡ݶ켸ˣǹааЦݣ⸱ЦŤӣôôг
үȷӦȡһŻƷͰ˹ȥϻɪɪ㶣үķӦ˲Żعȡһľ׼й
￴үֳֻƷԼзЦǣоɫһӣүеĻƷȼŻƷҲ㳹ױϡ
үȼյĻƷɫһ䣬ȵԹҷףʰ㣡
׵糹λԣ𶷵أСɽǬ跨ɣ
үһתֳľöͭǮ֣ī棬˼ףöͭǮڵϰ˸λмүһ֡һ󷨱˱үɣ쿴档
еλⲿƣǰ˸λӳ֣һ󷨡Ȼү󣬲Ϊ˸ﶷãΪ켸ڣ˵鷳ˡ
ү֮˿˿ʾ˽ǻû˷Ӧүȥ
̣һײϡ
Ȼ󷨵Էǳǿ˼зް˺Ч⣬Ѿ÷ŭ
˿еľץվԭҲҶȻˣȻǣһСүһ˳˹
˿ԼȡһŻƷҲƷǹܲáڽϣŲү￿ǣýڵϷɿĻһķƣȡ߸ͭǮڵϰһС߹ء
С߹ҲǸϵıǶȻȲ󣬵󷨼򵥿ݣΣѵʱ˵һ򵥵ķ󷨡ţϱѸٵүһֳľڷ㶵졣
컹׼齣ƴǾʱһץԼһΪʲôϮԼͷһ֪Լʱһ
Ͽ˿ԭص죬ߣ
ʱ˳үһҲǼģŻƷһľ˳ƴӺͷ˳Ǻһķһͷү󣬶ʱŭգү˹ȥ
˼үʱ˿
˿첽ܽУӦ֮ߡүﷴ˹ĿתԼҲòӣû뵽˵̸ͨ£ȻԼ䳬ȣֻأԼҲ˼£˿ӣһԹ̫Ҫöˡ
꣡
үһһľ֣̤ǣֻߣƷָ䣬ֱָһײƷһƷʱȼ𲢲ʲôʵĻ𣬶ǻƷĶײڤ
һײүײɵһߣзĹֽүײһعǹһ˿ѪȻײĲᣬүײ֮˳һȻ󼲲ܵС
˼ү˽ϽǰүһУһڵϣȻŭģôôҾˣ
ӦðϴҲҲûһ𾪵ı顣
ү̾ѵǺеŮʬ壿ܣ˵Ѿһˣôܻʬ壡ǳ˱˼֮ԹҲ벻ʲô˵ɷ֮
Ҳ̾˵ʶ£ϣ
Ҳ⼸˵˵䣬ԭ˵С˵Ҳһ˳˹ײ󷨡
飡
һöͭǮȻըѣͭǮΪǹŴĻңڶ࣬ԵĶȴģ
үͭǮģʷھȻը죬ȡҰеīҴǸСƿѳȥȲѣܰԽȥھãס죡
ڵϢүﾹȻһöͭǮϵʱѾȫŭͫ׷ŴĿŭ
ƵһͭǮзĹֽΧ磬·ӳĻֽһٴγ󷨣ײ
켸ʱƿеҺī졣үҲǷǳţʱƵҪǴһƣΣڵϦܿ㽫ƿеҺ嵹īУүе֪ƿеҺүɱһֻȡһ㼦Ѫ
⹫ѪǳĴҺ֮⣬ԵĶҲǣ⼦ӹŴǱаĲִΪֹüɷ
үѾŪãȵżѪīסҲ󡣡
ǣ
˳īߣһץסһͷȥ
ͣƽʱ·̫ǵϣٶȾȻ졣˴Լֽһ˫ڿһӣֱȥ
һһͷٶȷɿ죬Ǹīߵϣʱһıĺ˼Ȼﱻ켸˼ŭһ߷ߵ˳
һú˼˶һۣͷٴȥ
һԳ壬м䣬մ˼ѪīΧ
īһٴð̣ﲢûбߣǱռ˼ѪīһȦһȦĲ
ﱻס֮ŭȻǲԼ״ҺֱײҪ˼ѪīרſЩġεīסֻ˱
үһﱻϲ̾ŻƷöͭǮĸλΪīȻסҲʱ̫ΪīϵļѪԱĥҲͲס
үһʱΪ׼ߣڼ˽ס֪٣ǰѸٵİںס׼ʱ佫併
һںãү㿪ʼֻүһׯϵߣȲӡĿ档
׵磬£̫壬ͳҵ~~ɽعһ.
װĶǣû㶯ҪľҪ۾Ƕ


23 ɷ
үӣ̩أҽ֣㽣ڽ꣬󷨿
һ˶ʱоһᣬеīͣһ֣һԭأ·Ǳһ㣬ʵǱ
ү˿ͷСӵд
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үսתһȦ˵ȻҰСӵ壬㸧һСӡ
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ȻƳĸֻḻ̌ȥһȥľסȻ󱧵ԱߵĹ԰ϡ
ֻүĸƳ֮еĹâһܿ󷨵мһӰ
ӰпԿҲһŮӣһϮ£Ŀ崿ȻˣȴΪԳﱾеĲҰ֮ɫһס
ǰľĽ㣬ʱݺݵĶ죬·һжϣĳһ㡣
쿴ǰѾΪŮӣһĪĸˣúõഺͣӴ룬쳾ͣ
ԼԼôѵԼһһһģ˶ϧ֮飬˿ڵľĽ㣬Ҳ
ҡҡͷ׿Щ˼ǰľĽ㣬ǰ࣡
˿ĭʵľĽ㣿
үһ죬ҡҡͷһԵתȥеľȻգδȻ
ʻøХûãһ꾫һôʧ̬ó·ǿСŮһתֲ
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ߣãﻹ𣿹Ѳ˵ݺңҳ˽⸱ģҲʰʰ
Ůٴα任ԭĳֱݺݵײͼ󷨡
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Ůͷ˺УԭնۿΪ·˵ʣҲһֱ˵С
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һϵľϦܲˣΪ˸ʲôȥʱľϦҵľԭľֻĬĬľϦӵķߺޡ
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һУҲǳ̾һľϦҲǷǳĲң컹Ϊľˡ
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·һôɺϣڻԵľȻһ£۾΢΢ſˡ

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ڵľ·ܵŵӣϡ
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ү̾ҡҡͷٴתȥ
쿴ľѸٵܵľߣľ
ֻľвĵɪͣƳԼĽľϦ
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һǰץסľ˫ֵľϦѾˣΪʲôҪľľ޹ģҲҪôԹ°ɣҺʦͶ̥ת
ľϦһĻЦĸӵķһתԭİɫ･ıɺɫסۣһըѡ
үͷһʱŵ亹ֱӵ૵ãɷˣ
ҲһҪǱɷɾ鷳ˣɷԩͲһϵģһֻɷγҪԩѵö࣬ɷѶԸүûаա
㶵ĿǰľϦһæץľ־קȥľϦһ¾ͳ֮˺ľ
Ժе֪ԩԭİ±ɺ֮ɷͻأһʧȥǱɷ
һɷ룬Ѿ˿ºٿס棬ҲҪƵΣڵϦ
үѸٵȡһͭǮԭȵľһߣȻľѾ˲ɷı壬ͭǮɱľĶˡ
ҲľϦХһΧ۷׷ըѣһ۽ŵˣХһʧҹĻС
㿴ҿ㣬жһĪ
ү૵԰ѵɷǣԣܡ
ȻүʧãҪȥı壡


24 ڤ·
үȷӦľϦɷ֮ѾɥʧǣھǱܵѰԼʬȥͻгʬɷʬɷһɣʳ˼ԹıһӰˡ
ǰУϾˣǶʬɷǲ֪˶ϹǰǸոγɣ϶ǰϾ˶ֻ
켸ѸٷӦǼ˲׵ǣľϦʬҶѾһˣûл𻯣һʱҲѾãﻹʬǣʬû𻯶ұء
ҲֻһֿܣȻѾˣͨڤ·ǧѸٵҵԼʬȥɾʬɷڤ·˼⣬·ߣҲǴʬƶ·ߣڤ·˵ͨ·ҵԼʬ֮ıǻȪ·Ȫ·ͨ·תͶ̥
һԵľδаѳ춯һľʵ֪𣿡
ľ㶵ĵͷĿеͣԽ飬ȻеܲˣһˣôܽһһȥٴγУʹԼˣһеˡ
ү̾Ϣһҡҡͷͷȥ
˭Ҳû뵽ᷢչֵزǽѾ̫ˣȥѰľϦء
첢ûнľͻᣬľӹǿҲΧǽڣʹȥŮҲ̫죬Ҳľһ˻ȥ
ĴѰңҵһͨӪҵõ꣬һ˫˼䣬ľڴϣԱߵ˯һ
ڶ죬Ժл뵽˸߽õʱķԱصͱԼĿȣ˵Űȫ֮ĻʱеУͱǵԱĶڻһ£ͷ
ҡҡԴ콫Щ⣬Լһ䣬˯ľƣ˫ۣ˿ʱ䣬ŵ㣡򵥵õϴһȴִͷϵľӰһųֽԱߵϡֽ֮дżĴ֣С山ӦдľϦ֮ء
콫ֽԼ¶ڣ̾Ϣһȥ㷢ǸĵԱЦſԼеСһ󷴸УаԺסСõꡣ
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ָү˸绰˵СеһڣҪĻҲСʱҡ˳˸绰ڵ绰һ٣ϲԼҲһ
˸س˵㶫ûһᣬ㿴ү˹οɲνǲ죬켸˽ԼƲ¡Ψûпϡ
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ţϼһϣŤˣҲһϹͷˣˡү̾Ϣ
׼£⳵ǰеСׯ
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˳˾ĳǮһ򿪳ž͸оرˬ£ȫ泩С
үһ߻ԼȫĹ̾°ָоˬ
ҲǵͷʾͬǴôϤָо£ûжӵûնģǴӵķ飬ũ塣
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һĺ⣡
ү첽˹ȥֻˮ·һӣԱһײġ⸱ײΪһʱЩƣ⸱ײǱ˴򿪵ĿԿ϶˵ǱһôŪġ
ү˿̾ѾľϦҵԼı壬鷳ˣһͻֹµʱӡҪԵĿһֻɷɷ
Щεһп˵ԼɵģҲû취ֻܹԼʱ̫ڼ
үȥ˿૵ֲɷ㿴ߵĶȫǼɷġﲻûӵ£˭ģɶó¡
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Ҳӵĵ±Ǻӵı棬Ǿ֮أɥ֮ждɣҲ֪ôΪʲôҪ
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үؿ˿̵˵ߣȥʲô쳣ûСǾסˣҪòסɷǾͲȥ
СУȴСһƬţɵЩ죬˿˼ҶǱŲ켸л㱡
ѵС˶ˣɣҲܣԿˣˣһûƵ
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25 ʬ
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˵ĶУү׷ֵһͷȥһ긾Ů̽ͷ̽Ե˵ķ켸ԼϽĶһǽǣʱʱĻ̽ͷһ
켸˷ǳ棬ô£ŮΪʲôǶزصģ
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Ͻ˹ȥһͣʹֿڵѾ㻹ܣ
쿴ڵɪɪ긾ŮݺݵĸһȭȻ˵̣£ǲǻˣǹ·ˣ·ѡ
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ţǿڵ崫ˣéɽᡣ֪еܱȵ˵ģ
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긾Ůһ˵һο֮顣
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ү֮ЩȻ
ҲǷ߷ȻӦΪΪڹŴжʬ̫֮ɶһ¶ҲŹʵڿɶ
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ô죿ʵ

ʱ긾ŮͻȻһ̶ļ


26 Ƴ
һ̶ļ켸˵ĶУ켸˵ĿⲻɵתǸ긾ŮֻǸ긾ŮͫĿͣ㵹ڵϣһСš
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켸긾Ůߣһ۵ϵĸŮҡҡͷү壬ʳָǸŮıǼһţҡҡͷѾˣ
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ү̾ϢŮйˣŵȥһֻƳ棬ֻҪַһֻƳͻ˵꣬ҧ˵ĸ٣νǷǳûԵһᷨ
ֹƾһֹƳ棬˵󣬿аķӹŴУƳǴӹĹ֮Ѱÿ춼ҪιʳʬƳ档ҶڻҪιʳƳ˵ѪƳž߱ϲʳ˵ϰߡһֻʹ࣬˭ܣ
ү̾Ϣһ϶ǸĹŮҲͦ϶˵µĽɣ½ǹƳͨȵѪܣ굽࣬ʳز϶кӡ
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˵ݣȻ͸Ҵ߶ǹƳ档ǵʱҲûע⡣ôҪҪȥ
үҲԼͷ˵ȥǸ֪֪µģȥ֮˭ҲҪ˵͵ʲô֪ҵҪǸڸʲô
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үһеߣĶ˿üͷǺܿڳһЦ˵ϸ磬һϿԲ
һǰүҲһλ͵ˣ΢΢ͷȻ˵ɣȽСֲ̫ƽ֮ҪתҲҪ˵ЩɾĻǻ
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ǾͺãǾͺáһ˵һߵͷȻ켸˽Ժӡ
ã߻ûзǲеŮʬԺк͸оһֵζоԺӲǺСǷǳĴԺӴҪȵһôСԺвٵľͷó¸ǵģֲЩҪԺС
Щ΢΢죬컹һСݵĽ￴һСںĿԼ
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ʱү˵֪ϸ˵Ĳ̫ƽ֪ô£
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ߵʱһˣҡҡͷ뿪켸˵ķ䡣
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˼򵥵ĳ˵㶫ʹڴϵȴҹĻĽ٣˶ʶǸŮ˵ıطصص龰ҹĻһү𾪵ˣ


27 ȫǷĹ
ھĺХ磬Ҷ𣬺̹ǣġԿ϶˵εķ磬һ𣬱֣
˴ڷĺХЩ塣
쿴˿Ⲣʲô仯Ȼ˵ҳȥ
˵űߡһưסƶļͷһԭү
үҡҡͷ˵Ȼ
˵үӱȡһС죬дһӡСڵϡⷿĵʯ棬Сүڵϣ˿
ү˿С첢ûб仯ͷȻһϵ˵ߣȥ
˽ʰһ£һЩرĶ׼šһɢĹǷ૵۰
˹ŵһ̣ڵϵС췢һȻ˲仯Ϊɻҡ
éɽƣڵأ첻ƣ춯̿ƣ쵹أ֮۶ڵأƣΪϣ۶ۣգ
˳˷ţǲûзʲô쳣Ҳûʲô쳣ҹΧһԾľĴţһŵľͷߣ߸ߵ֮һĨסµĹԡ
ү˿ܣȻ˵е֣˵磬Ӧû֣һ㶼û״е㲻Ծ
ʱһ紵ΧͣˣƵ¶쿴˿ʱ䣬Ѿʮˣǹ»ûзͲ˲ɡ
գоر泩Ǿʱ۽ǲ俴һƬƬɫĶӿƮ
૵ѩˣ
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Щ׳յĿ졣
ǿƮĲѩ𣿡
Ҳһͷˮ
үһϿȥ
ֻ߸ߵ֮ϣһƬƬɫҶ״Ʈ
Ҳ˵ģѩˣż·ݡ
үüͷһ˵²ѩ
ʲôЩԻ
үƮĶһһٵ˵ɥֽ
ɥֽ˶ʧ
˻׿ʱǻǸԺӣҷظڡһƬƬɥֽӿлƮڵأܶ˹ա
һķĹһŵĹĺţԶԶĿţԶһɹɷ۰ɫĻڲͣԾԿЩͷһɢҵİ׹ǣɫĹľеĹײİһЩɫӡ̸ֵۣѪ
ԾѪɺ֮µİɫӡʶһ£
꣡
һ˵ĶУʶ¿ȥֻ£һ׹ǱԼȶϣʱһ亹ӱû뵽ǰ׹ǡ۶ͷ顣
˺£һ飬ү˿˵ǰ˳˵ˣǵ취ط
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үͳһԾԾⶨλǾǳģүҲû䣬ֻҸλһֱǰ߿ûг·
ү̾˿˵ҵĺ棬ǻ֮ʲôɾĶǵǡ
˵ͷʾס
һһǰȥΧĹ졣
ΧʵĺݺݵĶܣͻȻðϮԼ˺ܾþ߲ͷѵ˹ǽܵľⲻɵ衣
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үɨһܳ˵ҾܲҵͻƿڣҪҵǾͳȥˣҪҲôҲʱȥҲǻᱻԶסһ᲻ǳʲô״Ҫţһ㣬˲Ҫֿ̫ԶҾͿʼ
ү˵֮໥һۣͷʾס
үһۣͿʼŪԼıȡһŵûƷһСͭǮ㣬յ͵ƣóһͭǮС
үϥ˫Ŀ΢գһŻƷֵȼ󡣽ڵϣת͵Ʒࡣ
үʼΧҲʼĲ𣬴˶۾үڵ˿Ӱ졣
紵ܷص֮ϵл죬ɥֽڿƮżһЩ֪ʲô޵ڵҹԵø졣
Ҳɪɪķﻹʲôׯ˴ʱ͸оԼ߽˷ĹԼ·Ѿȥʧһ㣬ĸĹ¶룬·綼Լ񽥽룬оԼʵûʲô壬һֱ룬ԼΪʲôҪϣΪʲôʲô壿
з·Լͯ꣬ԼѾȥ̷·ڳԼ΢ЦԼ֣Ļ䣬ˮСʱоͿʼ˷ܣ˷ԼҪˣΪ̫ۣ̫ۡ
ĳСһԱһŴйɵǹҵЦݣ·ǾֽСԼĲһ˿ĸоԼԺ˿ԱɢڵϵĹײģоУ·ҵԼļһо
ЦЦеˮС͵Լȥ


28 ·
ˮ֣ѸٴԼĲ·ѾԼƣǣƺѾԼ˫֡ԼĶʱ龰Լͯ꣬Լĵʱ
ͻȻһ˫ִԼΣ쿴ͯĻԼǰ粣飬Լ˫ȥץԾɸı䲻˻飬뷢ĵĺУ
һѣθдԺͻȻǰĻع鵽ʵͿһ˫۾ڶԼһعԭ˿ܣķصأİɫɥֽƯһ紵ԼķңүڵϣĬھǰĿתĿԼ
һ˵ллңҪѾˣ
ҡҡͷ˿еˮ૵˵лл
бһۣѾģҲҲˣ֣ӣҸо۾ˣо۾ѾˣǺǡģŵˣ
쿴˿ŵ֣һ˿Ѫɳ͸ԼĲĸоﲻɵûƣҪȻԼͺˣ
ܻڵҹһСذͣԾǰɫлᦲͣƮƮɥֽ߻䡣ڵϵүһվֱֱָļһŻƷŻƷϲһбεĺХı䷽
ү˵ļ򣬳˵
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˸ߣϰڷŵƷ㣬͵ƣ˲Ϩ
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һ켸˾Ϳһڷصصм䣬ڷĹ֮С·ԡү·֮󣬳·ھ·ľͷ
˱·ү˵˭ͷ󿴣ʲôһ···ϲ̫ƽ˭ͷô˭ͻӣʱЩɣ
˵ͷʾף·ϼǰԱߵľ󲻶ϵıãһγɸĻ䣬㣬͸оԼ·ڻһ㡣
ָоǰЩ֮ģҪȻֵŵʱǰֳһһżɨ··м䣬ԱߵľɫѸٱãԭʻľľԾһķĹ˽µ·ҲɽС·ɽ£Ǽ
״һֶ֪ЩõĶͲڡ
ʱүͻȻͣ˵һῴŵ㣬Упܾ˵ʲôʲôҪȥоǣһҪǣҪѧһŷڵһЩ
˴үȡһԼǰͬЩʬͬʬЩͷü֮ȻʬԸʬЧǷǳԣǶЩҲЧ
û˿ǸɨصĺоŤͷˣȻ˵ʩǴӺηǲҪڱס
˾ĬĬǰͲǸɨصĺУСϷ컹
Ǹɨصĺп˲Լ·е΢ŭ͸һ޶ȻԼеɨѺ·Уŭǰǽأڡ
ոջʼǲҪסȴҪ֮ǰǽȥ켸˸ͰǸеҪ£˵ͺӵĳȥ
˾Ŀתǰߣ˿ǸɨصĺУߵǸеǰʱǸͻȻɨѾ˺ԭӣıԭõƤʼã˫۾Ѫ죬Ȼ󽥽ɰɫĿնϵ·ʼãһ֮ϵеɨѱóһİ׹ǣвͣķ˻ٲȻһ߸ʬ
үһҲ޷һһʬȡ͵Ǹͷϣһס·ܵƣû
үܣ
Ӱҹзɱ׷һ߸õĽʬһ龰ҪǷʵ֮У϶˵һĻȴݡ
Ĵţ˾͸оȻʵĸоȻҹȴһƬ֣ƬֵϷСɽϣô£
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ǾӹǸĴŵʱǸĽʬ·ܵʲôƣַ·Ǻʲôͣſڣ˷е˻ƺèе
һǽʬͣģһƨɶڵϣҲ˿ʯͷ£үȴûָ仹ǻƷǻƷķָС·ֱС·ԾһЩС֣˾СֵмС·ϡ
΢ĵһᣬүһ۶ڵϵ˵ˣ·ɣҪȻǾͳطȥĻֵö
˼ɽȥɽ·ǿԣôУڶеԺΧĳõ̫죬
ǻû߼ԼһĵԼҲԼţһĿô£
үӣ˵СаɣǧҪ£ǰǵһսҸоϾҪ߳طˣ˹ؼʱˡ
˸׼һŵĻƷУڼʵ벻ʲô취ԽЩʲôԶЩʲôáΪ˱һγɵľС
ǰȥһͿ·ǰһȺ´ۣǰǴùĴǣ̧һɫĽӣǻŤűŤ赸
Ŀ£һ飬һĿҲٽͿ·þͷһȺɫɥĳ飬ǳǰɥֽСˣмһڵĹײģһȺ˾͸ײĵĺ
үһߣ˵ֻǵ·һҪǷֿˣҪ򶨣ǧҪңƽʱΪʦǵЩǵϣжһЩƷԷһ
˵ͷʾףһ죬һ׵ĶǿϲһԵø졣


29 
˾Ȼ˵·⵲·ɲ򵥣һȺ·סĻôֻһǳΪһԱǷǳؼʱ̣ΪԼԼǰĳڣһ˿˶һپͿӳ죬ھҪԵı⵲·ĳˢ
˿һһ׳ĵ·ҲᵽߣֻҪһСģпܱ⵲·׸˵ļ𣬳Ϊһһ÷֮Ȣһ߱˳Ϊϲ׵һ߳һ˳Ϊɥߺϵһ˵·
үԽԽĵ·ͷĺˮͣĵڵϣ˸ǽŵķ˵ΪѲһأĹؼʱ̣ԺвϸֳһĻĻͯʱĻ棬ЩԼΪļ䣬ֿԼȥĻ棬һ᲻ô۽ǻ
ʧʱһһ׳үһСˣ
͵ۣصʵֻǺԼԭĿǺϲһ棬ױѪɫ
͵ı˫ۣĬٵģٵġ
ͻȻоԼ·ʲôײһ£һʹʧȥƽ⣬Ҫأָо·һ֮о̫ۣһѣΡ
͵۾ԼһɫϲۣԼһϲУϲεµһɲǣ쿴һȺ׹װǺɫĹľү˫ĿգڵأһһһΧүתȦүǿڴ΢·ʲôھ
һĻԺУ첻ɵһŲͻȻԼ֧֣һŮӶеĸо͵ջԼ֣ԼͷɪɪŤֵķֻһŮŸͷװĶ͸˿֯ĸͷԼԼԿŮӡ
ֲȥŵĸͷ룬ԼûʶԼɫĻϲ̧ŵĺСĽҿǺ˿ͷӽ¶˳Ƿ۵С죬һ΢ϣȻĨױں졣űСıԣһĶ̴ٺͣĶš
ĺأ·ԼľȢ޵ɣǰԼ˼ѾõĽ˿ûԼУô£
˫΢΢һͣ٣ԼϽҾͻῴŸͷŮӵʵ沿˫۾һ˵ķλꡣ
˿һ½ͷȥһ˫Ө˫עԼǵ˫Ŀ֮УỨ͸沿΢΢ʧ񣬵ԽŮӸоԽϤָоĺϤ
ǶŮӣ촽΢ɬɬ˵֣죡
岻ŲŲϤǣ
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е壬ôľ챻Ի󣬵лһ˿ľеκһﶼ޷ģ³ġ
͸ĺױϸһϤףϤǹɤȷʵľ

һĭ㶵Ŀǰľ
족дһ˿Уһ˿˸УһԹ·һŮԹĶԼķɡ
ҲֲסһѽľУԼҹ˼˰ԼΪһжֵõ˰Լע˰Լ˰
˿̵ипǧԼô࣬ΪȻʶʱ䲻ãһ۵ĻԶ޷ǡ
֮ᣬǻ֮пԼİأ
ڵ޷ݵļһҸȻһ˸жʲôЩңЩǾñ֮꣬ǻ֮е顣
ھָоԼΪΣѵʱԼĵˣָоǲݵġ
ͻȻһƿľ˫˵ô㲻ѧУ𣿡
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ŵͷľҲǰζľһòһ֮ģⲻɵ뵽еá
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һᵽľһ·ڻ䣬촽΢΢ĺյױԼһ֮Ҳ֮
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죬£ĺܺ£ҺҲ㣬Ҳҵļˣ
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֪˶ãͻȻԼһ·УԱǻ˯ľ
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ŴϲŤľҲǰп࣬ԼɲȻԼ㣬ҲҪŬĿסԼҪȻûľˡ
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ѵԼĵһξľԼǰԼȴ˺컹ڿľһ׵Ĵߡ


30 ӳ
Ҳ޷ԼǻȵӵѪڣ岻ɵľĶӦͣڳ֮ȫɥʧǡһ˵･䣬ᵴСڻصȻʱһ״գصʵ
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͵ľѣתͷŵķȥֻүľվſڣ㶵ĿԼ
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죬ľǼٵģ
үһϣһѳ죬ľһճյı飬ϵҲѣй
үק´컹ԺүһƸϣһʵ㶵ĿүȻеԵĽͷŤľλá
ǴϵľƺĿ⣬׳һȵۣǵһ£үľ㱻Ի󣬱ۣ
үĶٴδѹˤˤͷԼѡ
үӶͳһöͭǮȻȡһŻƷûƷͭǮסһץסͷס°ѣһ¾ͽöŻƷͭǮУȻ˵Һסඣٿľ
콩ӲİͷתϲĴϣֻԭľŤϸһȻһԩ沿ѾȥѪܵľ˳
һԼղźǸľһķθԼĶҲû³ҪȻľ͵ؾͽԼʣĶȫɡһˣľǼٵǻǸǲأ
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ү˿һڸŻ죬ǰģ˵û£ļʱҪȻСӿ¾ҪˣǸϽߣʱѾˣǻȥ
ﻹô࣬үĻŤͷȥүҲһС̫裬ĳϢˡһ۴ϵԩ꣬Ҳ֪ô죬Ǹԩڰ壬ջǴ̵ķɢ
ֻԩǺ޹ⶫһЩЩ潸ɱνǽɽ׸ıƣЩǰΪΪūͶֻ̥ǰϱУˣʳԼܵ˵һȽصЩǣأھͱⶫˣǶͨ˼룬ûֵľԻ㣬㡣׻˵ķˣ˵ҲǷ
ֶĹԲ󣬾Ի֮ȽҲǺŵӢѹ˹أ˵ķĹммЩҹۺɫ·ŮˣܾܿЩ޹
үǴϵŮһӣŮһ֪ԼıƱŷŭʧźɫĴϣţǰľѸתǰĻϲҲһƬƬ޼ʵ֣ɽɽĴתҲɵþһķݱһÿõĴЩȻ
ʱоͷ֮ƺʲôڶһɳɳͷ˲뵽ղŵŮҪŮǲϷŹԼԼҲֻܵСɾ޹ʳˡ

̧ͷʱ
ԭͷΪʲôᾪлľ̫ھԭ쿴ͷһ⻹ҹֻܿһӰڿһһεģһֵһ㣬춨һȻæү
˷ϴľŪ̽̽ǿ׻ûֻǻȥүѾеѷҪǱȻǲ̫ܣֻнŪѡ
˺ݾУһЧ
һ˹үǹЦݣл૵ӻû
ҲûУǹֵֹģһѴӵϰһ˵ԼΡ
ԭؽײĺ͸оԼʲô̧Ȼ̧ߵһغ󣬾͸оԼô޼£ͻȻӱ͸оиԼûǱǹײİ壬ôж֮Ϳˡ
ѵڰеҲų⣬ǵ˭أ
үһ£˵ûͺãǿߣǰǳڡ
ţ
һͷл뵽ղŵǸöãľľ鷳ˡһɵĵǻߣľܾܿǼٵģԼȥ˿϶ͬ⣬ҪٲȥܾܿͻᱻֻԸľû
˿ǰ·һ˸˵ĵ˳ˣвΪǳڶˣڵģľô
ɵɵĸү󣬿ųԽԽЩ̹Ȼһľһ̾Ϣɵö
ʱ̵ַʲôأҪ
ҡҡͷֱڷȥʱͻȻһӰԱߵĲݴзɴܳ˵Ƿɴܲ˵Ǳ˳
Сģ
Ҳ֪˭һǺӰֱֱԶϡɿǸˣ߹ȥһȻľ
ǰĳڵĹڰȻǿ쵽ʱˣҲô࣬챧ľ˳ȥűү
һȥ͸оһ׹ûüӳ˲ֻȥԼһϵǽʱǸߡ


31 
ԺԼԱ˵Լ۾ȴĿָоеץĸоȴʵĴڣʲôһֲǳŭԼĶصȲӬҪѲ
컹û𣿡
ʱһӵϤʱүǰǸôĲϣĵǸϵôҲ壬Ǻģĸоʡ첻ԼǲѾˣַ񶨣ﻹио
ͻȻоһԼֻ쬵ģԼһëȻĸо붯ˣֻԼĺͣǻ·̽ʲô
ĸоֻһֻϵ֣Ϊֻ͹һ·ԲѣֲϵĸоһļƤ´
ʱֻϵͻȻͣס·оķӦ͸оԼĺһʹȻͻ˹ȥ
Ҳ֪˯˶ãͻȻӴϾһ亹˿һԣү˯ԼߴԼϣŵΣ΢˶ʹĲΡ
ǸԼ˭ӦòүүȻ˵ȴǹ⻬ĺܣֻ˭أǸ峤ͷҲܣǸԼأ
컹˼ʱԱߵһƵѾѣʱͶЦȻЦСӵãһ˯죬ϸǰװչ㣬۵Ҫ˵ôң
ô㣬Զٷ𣿡
쿴Ǹı֪СԼһ١
˵ȥɣ
һЦȻʨӴ󿪿ڣݺݵĳһͲС
ǣȥڵͷ̲ˣԾͷ̲˶ζ˵Ц
һŭĿ죬ȻǶĴ𸴱ʾɴۺݺݵĶţе㲻ȻҲòЭ
ͻȻое㲻Ծ˶ľأ
˵֮ûľҲ֪ȥˡǲ̽ľȥˣҲٶʡ
˵ĳүѣүһ죬Ȼ˵û¾Ͷ˯ᣬż㣡
ô򵥵ļ˹ԹԵ˯Ȼ˯ţԼϻŵΣк˺ݣһѽΰεŷ˸˯ȥ
ڶ죬үô£ԭڼ˳ǸԾ֮˲ԼͬĶȥ˯ʱҲ֪Ϊʲô컹Ǹоеۣ˿˵иǸҲû취
׷ľϦģڵãľϦûҵĵⲻɵƲѣҪľϦҲǲ̫ңһǾҵҵǸʬ֮ˣҲͿҵľϦ˵ҵľ
һǣ·ûǰֹĳǰ˴ѾΨһľȻǰɷĹϻǻĪһЩֵڶѾҪֻҪôˣ˻ǿԽܣϾԼļҡ
ҲľļѾľȥļҲ˵һ
֮ͿǸ߲ǵ˹ڼֱҪүЦǺǵӭȥˣһ˵ڵĸоֻԼŪε֣еëȻĿⲻɵÿǸˣϿʲôȴʲôҲû֡ǸоͷǱô򵥣ظ档
үЦǺǵһ곤ůʺ򣬽űʵ֪⼸ڴס˼죬ǺܺãǱһЩԻĵĶ˵λȽвŵ˵ҲǸһеģ֪峤ɷ
үһͿһ㶼ʧ緶
峤૵СڼУҪˣȥɾڹսǵĽֵԵС¥ˡ
үǴ峤лȻʹ˸ĬĬĸү
˴Ӵ峤ļг֮ƹһСԼԼһưܵ¥¥е㲻ͬһۿ
߽ȥԿȻˣǴŽգǰߵţǵòһ
ֻǽյĴ֨ѽһͱ˴򿪡ֳƵое㲻
һϿװˣ˽üЩĺ磬ǿȥʲôˣһˡ
һžЦǺǵ˵˭
ү΢һˣ˵ģλ
˹Ŀһ˵ǣ
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˰ŰɣҲǽ켸УһЩˮԺ󣬷ڲôưܣ룬ӹ׵ĸһֵȻĸо
˱㿪ʼ˵Ǵ£Լļʶȵȡ
ԭɣéɽǶ崫ˣҲһ֧éɽһóռéɽǱȽΪ֮¡


32 
ԭɵģéɽɣɵĴˣóռΪоɵŮӶΪţռ֮⻹Ϊý飬ͨ꣬ҲͨﵽͨЧʱ޲̫
ɵеҲܹͨ겻֮ǰҪȽԼסУͨõıڴеӶṵͨ꣬Ϊéɽɲóĵɡ
˵𻭷ҲĹأҲÿ˶Իģһľ磬߾ǻþĳʲôʲôĹأһķǾԡһһĸݲͿԣҪûоһ㶼ʧܣʧܲҪ˵һ㻭˶ǴЩ򵥵Ŀʼ𣬾үϵҲһܹķǿɱҪõĶ࣬ҲͻһЩ򵥵ġ
棬ȻɵĴˣԶһЩ
үǰǶз˵ʱ򲢲ѻ˵ȴү̸ˣү˴ˣɴ˵Ļôʬֻ֮˭
СǴڵֹۣܲҶǵˣ˴¿϶ҪһܣҪǲܲʵĻǵɵּ֪ʲôԲûУүʸƵ˵ȻѲ⣬ȷʵġ
Ǹ˿ڲ˵ɵĺˣοҲˣ϶ǴΣȥϾһ£ͨһף֪ǰǷصأڸĳ˴ׯȴߵĺӵʹߵĵˣǴͳһء
˵Ǹֺ˿ڲˮɤӲż˵ҲܲܣȻҵĵкǳҲû취ҾԼɽŪʯͷ˴ſڣڵһЩŽ̫ƽҲ˵ÿ϶磬֪Щԩ£Ҳûа
˵֮̾Ϣһ·ܱʹӡ
үҲ̾Ϣһ˵һȥҿ԰ﵽǣиҪһ£ĿʵżȻ׷һɷֻɷѾͣڴϿıĹѾŪֻɷѾʬɷںѿƣ֪֪ôǴ쳣𣿡
ү˵֮ĿݺݵĶǸ·ϿʲôҲһ
һү˵ɷʱ¶ֵıȻ˵ɷǣҪһҪ˵쳣ǰϴһ·ըҩըһ㣬ʱҲ˵ҹȥʱֻԱ߶һײİ壬ҵŮʬȴ֪ȥˣѵǸɷǽľϦŮҲѹˡ
Ǹһ˵һ߲²⣬һ쳣Ķ鶼ûУ첻ɵûԼĲ²⡣
ԾǸľϦԭѧУϾҪշȻͻȻͱɷȻˣҾ˳·׷Ǵүͷ
ǲңڵ֮ȽǴǹ³ȥУҪȻǴѵҪֲֿĻ֮Ҫ裬֪үʲô԰һѡ˵үĲ豭
أҪµģΨһıǽ𴦡
ү΢˼½˵ȥ׼һЩʯңȻЩʯڵĽֵϣȻһͷʯߵĺӵԣͿԽЩԩӵԣ賿ʱЩԩ꼯ĳЩԩ궼һЩλҰʱҲˣǿһһĳȣЩĽɫǿԽӡǡ
˵˵һʯңʯҵĳɷִǸƣڷˮƷҲЩͻ·һλʯڵϴȦôЩλͻᱻʯдתʱһñγΣһ
ү˵ɵ涼һͷĺˮɲģȫӡǰǷصأжٵλ갡ƾǱóĹؾͿжϳЩλۼһж
Ǹһ£ȻүĻŻˣ촽˵𣬿Щԩ̫࣬ʱǿƲ˰
үڰֵ޷Ȼ˵ҿ϶аգշЩҲڵʱǶ٣ȥһЩЩǰ棬Ҳ̫һˡ
ʲôʱ֣ʶĲͷĺˮ
Ҳ֪ʲôأү̸һ㶼ûȥֱֻ˵ʲô֣𡣡
үһ漴˵ǾͿʼɣһȥŪЩʯңоǶ׼Щľ׮ȫҪľģҪǴһ󡣡
һ󣡡
үЦһ˵ɡ
ããȻȥ׼Ǵɽ̫ҾȥѰҵļУҼûˣźͺӶȥˣﲻ̫ƽҲûǻгԵģҪǶǿԼ˵ȥ
үͷǸ˳ȥһȥͿũóɽʻȥ
үʵүɵģҸое㲻ԾôǺ޷֮ģļУ
϶ǣ㲻֪ũ˶Ǻܴӵ𣿡ɳŶ˵
үͷôʱĽ̸УҿԿ϶˵˾ɵĴˣҲųʬ֮ˣ㿴ʲôɵĵط𣿼ǵòҪҷ򱻷˾Ͳˡ
˵ͷ㿪ʼĴĴ


33 
ү˿ļǷʲôĵأֳûʲô֡
ļгƾһЩ࣬ĴаѵԼĻǴġ
⣬⣬⣡
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ڶһСŵİ쿴˹ȥʵô򲻿𣿡
ͷʱһסˣôһͻķ䣬Ҹое㲻ִ򲻿
찴סָͰ᲻˿Աߵ壬һʱû򿪹ˡ
źķܸһֹĸоǹɫŰ浽ʲô˭Ҳ֪ĵһоſܾǰ¥СϢĵأֻһ򵥵ĲȻԣŴéޣڣʹЩ帮Ҳǽé⡣
ź󵽵ʲô쿴һۣǹɫľΪʱľԶûҰϵİҲţֻҪԼһţ϶ܽһ󶴡
츽ľţ˵ʾľŵĿնԡ
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Ҳ֪ʲôʱԺȥԼʵ˫ۣǰүǸʲôϸһ治֪Ūһľ֦ɣõЩľΪ˷ڵ¶үһ۾һЩľϿ̻һЩطơ
ЩӦӳľԣһѶҲܴ󣬵ҲͬЩľ֧á
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ŶһһԱ߻ں˯һ㿪ʼЩľǵǷǳĿ죬ľͷҲǳ˳ľǳӲõҲûо
Ҳ֪ãʱ򣬸պ꣬Ҳ֪ǲǹģһ
ϣɻҲð죡ĵ
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˾СĽֵϣæͷɵһ̧ͷȻһ׷ˣſڵл귪
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̾ϢһŵǼҵֶΪɩĶÿģҲǵġ
찵ףɩؾĸ켸˽ʱǸŮֲ켸˳ʱûзɩʬ壬̾ϢһɩҲΪԼĵӾɩǳҪģһܻʹ࣬Ҳܿˡ
˼ʯң֮ǰʯĽֵԼĳɹԼĺˮо
ү֮󣬿ʱѾʮ㣬үͷ˵ȥ⣬׼󷨣һҪֱӵĸλһһ˻죬ǧҪû쵹ˣϵ绰ʱ䣬һʮǾͿǿɸҷغˡ
үһķԸǾ䵽λҲͷƤ飬뵽ԼҪʮԼڻĽҰģҪĪƤ񡣲ȻˣҲûӱֻԡ
󷨣Щľ׮ۣҪ۱ĸλͨࡣػס۱ʹ󷨲ƣôǰȫġ⼸ҲЩеĵطҲܵĵطػ۵൱ѡ
ǵʱһҪסǵʲô취һҪһȫҪ군ǾȥɣĸλػѵǬ󣬾ֵķ򣬵ʱҪǽЩոʱҲʲôʱǳɹˡүһĶ
ӦһĸȥΪ··ҲҲطʮӣ˴山棬ǱȽϱһλ棬ʵүĵططܵĹȶǳС컹Ƿǳ˿ʱʮһӣҹﲻƽЩ꣬Χ΢ķ磬Ҳ쳣Ĵ̹ǡ
Ҹط𿾿ůůͣʲôɾĶҲҲգԱпʯͷһƨɱȥ֪ô˯˹ȥ
ͻȻһ̹ǵ紵˹ڡ˫ۣʱо쬵ĸվȻһ˿ʱ䣬ָպָʮ㡣

һϽСڵϣսľĿǰ
ȻΧһƬʵĸо۾ȵ콫۾ŪһֻԶƮɫӰ


34 
һԶƮλ꣬һ¾ˣһеСڵϣ˻һضʱҡʱпܵ£˻һôΣˡ
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쿴˿ԶһеİӰ𽥳УЩɫӰӣ֮£ҲĿЩλ沿˵Ǹֱ飬࣬еλϻǰŴѪĵһεѪɫҺڵϡ
찵ô࣬⻹ôү⣬زҲֻӲˣ
뵽ʹӱȡһͭǮһķֿԼǰĵ·ϡ·Ӧĸеһһۣ൱ƣЩλĹǺܴ󣬵ǹСҲܲסడ
ƾĹң
ЩͭǮүռģȫǵʱͭǮֵСҪǽ⣬ү᲻ЩͭǮЩͭǮһЩԶήһЩӣЩͭǮֱӷϵпܡ
Ҳ˲ô࣬һԵĽЩͭǮȫ˳ȥ·ϸպòһУͶЩͭǮ֮лһЩԼǰ򵥵ķûжɱҲЩõȫ˳ǰԼЩгһŰԾ˳Ҳǲ٣ȫϣ
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ǰСҡڲҲȻֻһ£һŷ˹
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ؼʱүţ찵ˬǰһӻҪԱߵľ׮ڣЩҲԽԽѹȸе㴭Ϣ
Щ粻ϵļǿͷ
ǳĴ̹ǣִ̹ǵĺ˵ϵĶĵĺ䣬ָо˲ɪɪԵĶ
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쿴ǰľʱһϤĵ绰죬һһ
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Ҳ֪˶ãǰѾõүˣаԼүԶģԼͺүһǣһϷһǣǬֵۡҲؼѾˣЩҲûˡ
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쿿˲ŷ֣үǰһŵĻƷЩƷʲôһ㣬ȷе˵Ӧǰ֪éɽɶеץ֮оһûƷ򵥿ݣʵá
׽֮Ҳ֮һһֱӡЩװƵľ̳Ǻ«ܷӡֻҪһŻƷԷӡЩ򵥵һЩĽɫҪееҵķʽӡıԼ
ϽŰԾǰ߲λãǵҪѪźá
үٴλصʵ
쿴˿ܲûзʲôԼǸôһҲû֣
ʲôأ͸Ͻȥү첻ı飬ɵ
ǰ߲ҧָѪǰԾ֮ϣҲǿ˹⣬콫Ծڽµһɲǣһ̧ͷ͵ľͷȫһѪɫԼǰѪ·ѾԼϡ


35 Σķ
콫Ծ֮ΧֳһĻĻԭʲôûеĵطͻȻͳһȺµľǰһѪһεεѪ˳оȻȻҲǴʺѪɫϡ͸оԼһճĸоһȳζһ²ȥֲҶô£
ֱɵɵĿүˣүҲֻ¶һεЦݡȻæµԼеĻһѶѵĻƷͶϸһȻƷ֮ȫһЩɫķĩ
Ҳ޿κΣһһ˳TNDô£Ҳ٣ղŻʲôûУô
ϸ˿ȻүܾȻûһֻԼΧȫһֻֻʱʱĻԼ𣬵ȴԼµİԾȻ΢ɢȥЩһЩ֮ˣ󣬻ǰƶܿ˿Ȼ־ڼ˵ΧΧһȦľ׮ÿľ׮Ա߻ΧһȦͭǮ
һѹֻ
ôˣǴһǬ󡱣Щģµ˵ɵǬ󰡣ԼŰԾҲǬ࣬˿˺ϣǬλǳǡ
û뵽үȻһ󷨣Լװ׵ģ¿Կ϶ǰȫˣ˿ǰֱɵɵĿԼסŻƣүȥ
˶ڵϲͣûƷһѶѵĺɫƷҲ̲ס棬⵽ʲô
ˣϽ󷨿ǲֵܼ̫ãЩɰܾԣһʱЩɰƷʰЩꡣүһ㶵˵
ԭЩɰԭȻΪǰЩõģҲ֪Ūôɰϸѯ֪֮ЩģҲֻ뵽Щ취ЩɰƷֱӾͿԽնǼ̵߲İ취ҪǷүϣ϶ôΣͷҲ˲ôˡֻҪܱסͲˣЩﲻԼһȺ˷ﲻɡ
ͷ˿ܣҲڼ˵ķԲʮ׵ĵطûطȫһЩүһûƷɰһ켸˽ǹŴľҲ֪˭ģˡ
󷨵ܹ֮Χһ𣬹ֲôԩڼ˵ĴǷǳΣգЩڲͣ󷨵ֻҪһƣ˾Σˡ
أ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱͻȻһ˵ĶСһ쳹׵˼˵Ĺүһ־ͽЩƷ˳ȥֻһȺмըһɫĻ棬˲һСƬԩ˻ʧҹĻ֮¡
ʲôϽҶ׼ˣǵĶޡ
Ҳ֪˭һŵļˣϽеĻƷһȺȺм䣬һɫĻ棬Ѥںɫҹ֮¡ЩԵĻƷһЩͻᷢըĶײһ㲻ãҪǱ嵽壬˳Ҫڴϰ²С
ȻЩƷʵĹǱϾޣ꣬ҲȨ֮ƣһ߹һƶ˴ӰЩ
أ
Ȼ䣬Ҳ֪˭ĻƷЩ֮ըһ϶˼״Ҫȥ
ЩƶٶȲǺܿ죬յĴЩİΧһһȺмֻ岻ɵöһ
ڲǷ㶵ʱүһܣ
ĸÿ϶װЩƷȻ˾ôһȻѾĵĲˣΪΣյʱڱܵķӦᳬ࣬ĸ˵ٶ˿Щĳܹھ
˾ڴⲻԶĵطֻһ̾͵˴˸һ壬
˵ǰƮһֻĻֻ꣬ԩ겻Ǳˣĸȥĳ
ҵͷĿնĵɨļˣǵ˻˻ƽ沿ʼŤ·ǰ˾ǺԼĳһ㡣۽ǵĲϵɺѪҺŤ沿ǰ˫֣ѵһֻԲ񣬸ǣûʶֻ֪Զĵ⣬һֻһֻèŪ
¼˾ɵˣҪЩʶﻹһ㣬һոȥ˵ģڸǺ˵ǰ浲סԼȥ·ڼ˵Ĵǰе·꣬һȺѪ˵൱Σա
ô죡
㿴ҿ㣬˭Ҳûи⣬ҪƽʱãгʱԽԹ𣬲ڿûôʱ䣬ͽסˡ

ȡһֻƷҪͶȥүҲ۾Ǹ漱ææĵǰ档
ɣҲܿ˺־ᶨ˵
үҡҡͷ̾Ϣˣˣɡ
Ҳ֪үҪʲô취һֱүΪףȻүĻҲүʵе΢΢ģүǻл
Ȼ˲˺ԩ꣬Ǹ˺ǼˣڼΰʱǸ۾һɣֱ˵Ϯ
ŤſѪĴڣ˿˿ѪغɫָӲǽӲ˫ϡ
˴һãĴɢܣȻˣڵﻹǽĸ첲ϻһɼ˿ڡһεεѪĸ첲ϵүһ
үո˵ͿԭѪ𽥵ı˺ɫģǰĳȻѾʬɷ


36 ͻʮ
û뵽ѾɷɷɷֻʬѣǸԩȴʬ֮УҲʬĸԭѹ켸˻ΪǰǳԩꡣΪǰĳԹܴ󣬶Щɷüʶı䣬һ±ɷ˵ѪȻǱʬʴЧֳɫĽҺ״
үһϽܵ߼ƣʱ͸о岻ĶͷһƬҡ
Ȼʬȥ춼һֻɷʬȾ֮ǾΣˡүæڿڴ֮ץһѰɫ˿ϣʱһɫĸ첲ð˳ͼӿʼò԰Ȼ𽥺
ɫķŴףŴéɽм칱֮׿аɷȻҲֻǶɷãҲֻǴŶѣš
ȻүڸҽΣ˾ͷĵ͵ɷĹǸɲǲˣھһɾĹҲǽĵ͵Ȼемܲס
һѹ˿ȴ۵Ҫһү԰СԼʱһүһ˸ҪĻֻүСȻץһŴףĸ첲ϣʱ͸оһУаѵŴҲֹʹЧ͸оһȼӲԼĸ첲ڣ۾һʱ۵Ĵ
˵үķҲعһ¹Ŵʹ࣬ǱϾִˣʱһʧȥ֪
ãһ˹Լ˿ڣү漸īѪ߷ӡʬڿԿɶ˵ɷѾ˽ʬΪһԹԲŻ˻емܲסīǷһ֮ʼðȻͷȻϿ
վæͳһǰ׼ĻƷǸʬȥһ¾ǽʬĶͷ棬ǽʬª沿һŤͣһ£ûһĹͿڶͷϵĻƷȼȻСƷǺѿƵסڵʱԽԽȣѹָдÿ˵дݳΪȺܿϾ׷Щɲ˭ֻ֪ЩᶯĶ
һǻƷȼգʱúˣеͷһһͷֿǸʬȥ
ǼѪī߲ǽʬʱʱһĻ𻨴ӽʬϷصתʬ˼Ȧסδֳ⣬Ҫţү϶һŻƷȼյԴҪЩѶȣô졣
ڼԥδʱ򣬱翪ʼŪ໥һ۲֪ЩҪʱֻһǳĿУڵĳǽʬǿеĻһ¾ͱĿڸǣ켸˰üҲһַֻûжʿƳʬһ㶼ὫסĽʬ𻯡
ʬ֮ԱΪʬȫΪʬһԹĿʬһԩ棬һ¾˳Լǰĳȷʵ˵Ĺϵٴεľܾܿʬ֮ˡ
һǳŤ沿֮ϣԭĳҲİ̾Żһ»һߵ
һһڵĴǳĿǳҲʧȥ͵һȻȡһСƿȻһڻСƿУ찵ü
үСƿн˹˵ʣµɣʬٺá
е㲻ףү˽ۻĻԭǲٿʬߵԹ滹˳һֵꡣ
үСƿڿڴУԼ˵ӦýЩˣȻ㲻һͳͳʧɣǸ󷨵òʧ
үͻȻ˵һĻеĪĸоѵүкУ
𽥵ҲԤʾЩ𽥵ıƽˣոռ˿ǰ׳̰ٶȻЩһεľ룬Щﱾ׷٣ȻЩλ꣬ҲΣˣȫһЩĻҲܽôڵҲֹۡ
ү׼ʱֻүӽվŵĵطĵĳһֵʯͷô£
үڵһᾹȻһʯͷүЦŵͷȻԻĿ⡣
ʯǿظŵĶÿطУЩȥλظĴʯǸý鹵ͨ档ôǻҲΪʯͷ˶ֽţȻЩλɵ󡣻ҽʱңͷպһ飬ΪʲôҲֱӵܽˣǰңҾҪЩλȫˡ
ү˵ͶӣڷʯͷԱߣȻҧָһѪȻ켸˵㣬ҧָһѪԼе㲻Ҫǵġ
˶ҧָǿʯͷϵһѪү󰵰ҡͷ˵˭֮ͯٵһξˡ
үĿ˵ɨֻڰ˵˼Ѿڷҡҷҹˣ
СС;ʧȥˣСĽιţү̾һ˵㲻Ҳʧȥ˰ɣ
ڵĽĿүʵԼʱɪɪĽָٴǿʯͷϵһѪ
үſڵϿ˿˵ˣԶһС
үƶڼû뿪ûһʱ䣬ͿʯͷĵطȻʼЩɵ״ԼԼ˿Կһģŵ״
ڲԶĵطһаӰڼ˵֮УЩӰڵٶ൱Ŀ죬֪ǲΪŵĳ֣̼Щλ꿪ʼļ룬ϾЩλ겻λڵģڹһȻŻؼҡ
ûһĹ򣬴ԼֻλôӿУǱˣֻ¿տҹǳʬ壬˶ʱҲ֣Լŵʱ˿оԼʹΣնȹ͸оԼĸ첲رʹͷЩκĸоʧȥ֪
Ҳ֪˶Ժ͸оԼ˯з·˱˺ܾãһκԼ˦ԼѲ
ĴʹԼĸ첲͵ʶĿԼĸ첲Լĸ첲һȦıͿԼһѾǰ죬ƾɵľȻļС
ү鰸˵û˰ɣǹƵûȥˣг绰˵ǾںзֵŮʬˣֵ϶˶ʬ壬һŮʬʬˡ
ˣľϦô죬ľأʬ֮أ׳һ⣬оرǣľ
ү΢΢ҡҡͷǱ⣬ҪȻͷӡǽˣٻֻˡ
ͷһ˿Ľ˸


37 ѰŮʬ
켸˸ոҹĻҪѰʬ֮ʱһ绰òصΪǺ֮еŮʬ̫ƽĪʧˣڳеĽֵϾǶһЩ˶ʬΪֹûзʬ壬ЩʬһĶڲҧʧѪֲ²⣬ү̾뵽Ůʬʬʬ֮ΪʲôûʳˣȫǶأѵǱ˿ƣʬ֮ˣ
ôܣʬ֮ҲԲʴȡȵȣѵ
үһƲ⣬·뵽ʲô͵绰ƺ뵽ʲôһ֡
ι֪ЩҧĶʲôӵ𣿡
ţڴЩҧĶȥ˵ӡۣʲôӡۣȫвûʲôҡ
Щʲôرĵط𣿡
ЩҧĶﶼǸʬҶһ۾˳ķ·ûʲôرˡ鴦ôˣ
ţһǾȥЩɵ㼬֣ߵ飬ǱȽ鷳⣬ľϦʬҲˣһȥͰɡ
Ǻã
үľᣬЩ̸켸˶ķǳ
үͨ绰֮˵ߣǸϽ·ǽ͡
˼򵥵ʰһ£Ȼ׼ȥ˸;ү黺ĽԼ
үķǣ¼ܾܿǸʬ֮˵ĽҲ˵Ůʬʬ˸ģǰΪǲԽԽԾ˵ǲʬ֮˸ɵģô϶ҲһͨΪⲻ֪켸˷Ůʬ֮ѾŮʬҪ˵޹ʬǲܵģ˶ʬ壬˭
Ҳܲô࣬ү˵ʬĿĵģʬ֮ǾŮʬңǽһЩɣЩѪպÿԹʬĳɳоЩﱻѪҪĿģҪĿӦþǣЩ۾˶֪ﶼԵģЩԷǳ֮ôֻ֮۾ϣ˵èϿԿǺèǲ֮ﱨԷǳǿֻʬֻ֮ʱȽֻ۾ڵͻһԹʳЩЩɷ
Σյľǣ£¾ǸеֻӣһּĶڻЩﱻ˶ð˳ɻ˱үһ£ڹŴʱһӣһЩԵĶԹȻټɱһЩԵˣȻһֻɷֻӵͷ໥ûһַǳﲻɷƺӦñΪľϦֻܾܿɷ
үһƲ⣬켸ķѵľϦڳУ˵ʬ֮˾һˣ˵еĿԼ棬һʼķǴģľأڵǳң뵽ľϦڳеĿܾ뵽ľҲпڳС
ڼԿ϶һ㣬ųλƵֻص˳УһУȸϴ˸绰ϴһЩŴףŴ׶Ը൱ЧģûŪ¿ӺͺڹѪŴ׵ЧʬŴ׿ҷ㡣
֮ҸûбɵʬΧŻҰĽתһȦҲûз֣ڰ϶˴ˣôֻеȵȣһϿ϶УڼȥүסϺúϢһϣȥǺ˼ȵÿ˶κ˯ֱڶһ磬컹û˾װʼĴѰ
ʧǣת˴컹ûκεĶʬѵѾɣҪʳ˵ľѪˣ
ڼƵʱͻȻһСһɫĶһˣȴǺڵϣûκ
Ǳߣ
󺰳
˿첽߹ȥһһ߸ԵʬڵأնԤʾ⣬ѾȥǸӣ·òֻʽĴֲ·Ȼһũ񹤣Ѿ˸ʬϲҰһƬл͸һ˿˿ѪڲһƬģѪѾȾԼԼԿһ˵ݺۣȻ߸ʬǱѪǽʬҧ
үһǰ˿ҡҡͷǸҪˣô鷳ˣ֪Ǹʬ֮˻ʲô캦¡
үҪŴףȻЩŴɢʬΧȡһɰͶǸʬĿУһһ̴ǸʬĿɢүôȥɷһ´ҪȻ߸ʬܾܿͻʬŴ׵סʬȻɰȥ
һ֮үҡҡͷеæˣǱҳʬ֮ˣҪȻ鷳ʹˣſʼǸûγɣһˣHBꡣ
Ҫ𣿡óֻ
ţ㱨ɣ壬һЩ鷳ү˿ʬ
Ͳ룬֮켸˾ͳȥ
үȥ쿴үе㲻Ӧ
ߣȥ׼ҵҳǸʬ֮ˣٻȥˣһ춼һү̾Ϣ
˻û߼ͿһȺ˼ææһȺũ񹤡
վȺũһ߹ͳ켸˺ÿÿ˵ž˳
һץסһ˸첲ʲôˣҪʲô
ǰ˶첻òҲǺˬҰҰӲӲ
ǵ·Ҫȥн·ץס˦֣ĵһۼǰȥ
ҡҡͷһڵũǲ𣬶һȺҲģԼѪǮοһꡣ
˶һۣү˵ԣΣ


38 Ůʬ
һȺũ񹤴켸˵ߴҴҶЩũнѾϰΪһ뵽ղŷֵǾʬ壬Ҳһũ񹤵װү˲²֮ģȻ⼸϶࿴˼ۣһ⼸ũ񹤵Ĳ߶Ǻ߹Ԥʾʲô
ǰѾ˵߹Ǵֽ٣߲ͨܿĵЩͨǾͨԵˣſԿóߡ
Ⱥ˵ĶǺܲζʲôոտʬ壬пܾһȺũˡ뵽һ㣬үһ˵߻ȥ׼ǾͻһǸʬ֮ˡ
ոջ˵ԵүͻȻ켸˵һһʬ֮˵ĻüеͷԵĸо
Ҳû׷ֱӸүصסүԼķ˼ˣҲ΢һüĿǿʼﱸƷ׼һҪĶٴξûүѧϰһ»ֻ򵥵ķ䣬ЩȽѵģһҲᣬȻԼǱͳЩλԼҲèԵĻ˼ţĺܣʧ൱ĸߣүְֵḶ̌ЧöˣǰĳɹʺõĶ࣬ѾĻһ磬ʬ
ԼʬٿеſͰͻƷ͵һѵĲдƷ˵ʹ졣һֳɾ͸С
·ǸоĿһ죬еĻƷŭŬ졣ԼĻ
ʵ켸ĻƷҪΪӦϵֻŮʬԻĻƷȫһЩʬֻүԼһűȽԵĻƷ󷨡
ѾװѾǰҹ΢ٹһҹҹ֮Ŵ󿪣еʱ򣬿ǽϹŵӱһһʮ㣬˵Ҳı
ˣȥǸү˿ǽϵӱʱѾʮһʮȥ֮Ӧøպʮ㡣
ǸȺũ񹤾סĵطպðʱ·֣ҪȻҲ
϶ǰ׼õĳĵطʻȥһ·޻ǴʱҲһ࣬ȻԸﲢʲôĻ
˹أһεĵطǸ֣ĻǸصʬ֮Ҳ֣ôҲҪˣ켸˵ܲܽº˵
ҹĵģûз磬ûֻһƬڰΧľ¥ܣֻǹ֮ɢһİɫĹâΧֻ켸˵ĺһ㶯ûУ졣
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ȻڲԶһ춯Ȼ𣬼̾˭ҲûĿֱֱĿţ켸˾һصĴſţǰЩũ񹤵ľסأôһû˶ҹ˼ž
˽ٴ£үȡһСڵϣдһķСڵתһȦֱֱԭأж˿ûʲô⣬үСٴС
Ѿʱˣһﲻ˰ɣһǷɢ˵
ȵȣܲЩũ񹤵ĺ߶Ѿ˶ȻҪ·үһ
ʱɫĹС֧Ťһˣһũ񹤴ڿӹ˳Ȼ켸˵ķ˹
˶һۣЩǸũھ뼸˼ԶĵطͣԼڿһͺС
˰̾һգ
ģ죬һصζƮ뼸˵ıУ죬Լıǰȡ
Ǹũ񹤣֮󣬾Ϳ첽ĵطȥ
Ǹũ񹤸ոߵһǰʱͻȻӷһɫӰӡ
켸ԶһɫӰٶȷǳĽǸũѹڵأԶһĲҽǸũ̺ǸɫĶһͻȻɫĶһ󣬼ǰһȳһȥܻߺ
ҲôһĹ鷢չʵǳϣ˻ɵɵĿһᣬүʱŭѽڳˣ
ԭֻһֱڷҲ֪ʲôʱǱȥģ͵Щũϲʱ͵ϮͻȻ˳һ¾ͰסǸСũȻΪŵģЩԼʶǱЩﶼûĶڱ˿ƣôʬ
үһ¾ͳ˳ȥǴԭûжǰõߣȥһ˵նʣµ׼ԸǸٿʬʬ֮ˣүöԸʬû⣬Ҫ켸˿¾Σˣ˵ǶԸʬԼСס
.ৣ
үһ׳ȥŻƷһŻûӽǸʬȼȻԶԵĳЧŷ׷׵ıϣȻ͵ľȼԭֻ׷Ǹũ񹤣ۿҪ׷ˣͻȻܵϮʱŤͷעԼү
ǸʧٵŮʬȻ˴ȻѲ˸õ沿ĵʬװ
ǸŮʬһүʱ˻Χƽҹ磬ȻүղżүеĻƷ΢ͣһ²û̳ȥ΢ȻΪĲٿء
ĿүүҲһ꣬үҪҵıǸʬˣȥƷǸʬ˲֪᲻֡
үǸŮʬصԭȦǸũһȳһյȥһһߺ
һŮʬ˷θү͵ǰһ壬ǸŮʬҲ˻һͻȻͷȥ


39 һ
ǸŮʬȻֻǺүһͷܣ·յʲôźţ϶Ǹʬ֮ˡ
ԭĴǾǿһۼҹɾĳ棬һûУץסһǾֻү׷ֻŮʬХ
ô죿ȥٲȥֻŮʬˡү׷ֻŮʬе١
ȥүסֻŮʬٵȵȣǸʬ֮˻᲻֡Ͽ˿ҹĻ֮µүƺ˼ʲô
ȥУȥһҧһȦȻһӿī
ҹɫУֻܿүһ½Ůʬ˵ڵأüѪī߽ŮʬһȦһȦĲƺһжԵôȻƽ
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40 ˫ɷ
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42 
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һŭҲһӡүĶϵĶԵǳϷһ㣬ҲСһЧ
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һһϵİԾȻͻȻһתȥ

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˲ǺĽŮʬٴ黨;ֻҪīһŮʬŮʬԾŮʬסǺ鷳
Ůʬס֮ӱץһѰѵŴ׷ɢŮʬԱߣͿǸŮʬ䶯ʱֻҪһŴ׾ͻһỊ̇űŮʬ΢˻ƺȴӤ
Ž䶯Ůʬ΢΢̾һתͷүǸϣȴڵƷǳĹ죬ϾһϷһ㣬ǹааЦݣүͬһ붨ĵһ㡣
ʲôǸʲôое㲻ԾеǾ߹ʬǺǰһ㶵Ĵţһͼţ΢΢ɿֻҪͼ˵үڻû»ڸǸ϶š
ЩʱͻȻүվ˵վ˵ֱԭ΢յ۾ͻȻ͸оүе㲻Ծƺе۷۵ɫ
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44 ʬǶ
ү֪ʲô취ͻȻסʲôүȥשͷǾʬãҲü˷ٻ߳ªʬ壬ҺǹأΧȫʯͷͷһʯͷȥǸªĶ
Ķһģ˿ԱߵڼȡľҲŪһľǾ߸ʬȥ

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һү·Ҫ֧ŲסˣеżϽܵóһѵŴףŴ׶ԸʬһҲ֪ܲá
ץһŴһŻƷס֮ƷǾ߹ʬѪĴУһŪ˼ƷǾ߸ʬĿУ߸ʬĴʵ̫ˣҲ֪ĶǲǶǸʬθлͷǡ
оʵȥ֮Ű֣ڵĻƷĹָоЦǲܶղ׷ԼţȴԼŪһҲûзӦ
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ҪһƿԭǸϴүаѳƵĿԡ
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ĸĺ˵ѾʲôôղСôǾ߸ʬŪʲôڵǺãֻˣô죬ôܣүأ𣡡
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ǹصԽԽӽˣеץ
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Ǽ򵥵һǹͻȻͽڵء

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һڸݲԼ˼һƴˣ
н𼸸ӡᣬпʼ׼ȼǻƷ


45 ׹
үʧ֮ͻȻָǣȻһ֣סʬ徹ȻٴλԾٴΣ֮жүǻԣǾʬһ½˵֮ٴγԵȼǻƷ
ֻһ¾Σʱ̾ľʱ̣һӿĿ⺮䣬ĶǾ߹ʬ壬ڲϵǾΣʱ̣ٴγԾһ¾ȼ˻Ʒ
䣡
һĸʬбը

ǸʬĿһðһ𻨣Ȼ͵վֹһصĴóûĸ˳

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ǿǳɫĻ棬˿ǽˣ˼æܵүǰ˿ڻԵүеľȻ
챧үصҡεүү
΢΢˫ۣү沿еϵĸоԭɫѾȥµֻʣ²԰׵ӡͬһ˵Ĳһ㣬ڵүѾǾʧɫ
һүͷǹ΢Ц·֪˽˵ġ
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Ѫ˿ŭ켸ˣǼҪ⣬ΪʤˣӮûжǼȻһҶѪһѪɷƻƻҵĳ֮·ٺ٣ҪżҪᣬҵѪܰװ׵𣡡
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һʩչͿʼٻԼŮʬνǲݣѾƴԼѪûˣԼĿҲûˣôûŵˣȴҪ켸ᡣ
뵽亹ֱһеĿ־ǸŮʬĻָж˱ܵһ𣬵үʱȴֱǾŮʬ·Լаһ㣬˿ȴһп̬
ȿƲסһҪŤͷܡǾһ˲䣬Ůʬͬһߣһ¾ͽڵء

һ˿Ѫڿ䣬һ¾ͱǾŮʬķͨһ͵ڵϣ幭һȥȻѾȥ

һŮʬɳȥŻһŭȼ޴Ůʬе㵨ӡ
ʱүĿתĿڷٻϣ˳үĿ⿴ϣֻʱȫΧƣˣʸͿǰòһɰϵƮĿŮʬ
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һɰ̲ϵƮǾŮʬǾŮʬ˫ǰĿնûɫȻֱɺɫֺɫǹɰ̵ӿļš
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һ΢עϵУһүһɫĵ׹Ǹ׹Ͽ̻Űͼǿ֣éɽ
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һòҵһʯͷһ𣬾콫Լϵͷʱһ΢紵ԭе沿ʼ
첻ãһʱӵʯͷϵʱϵ沿ûԭΪʴɵĸɿ沿ʱһãԭɫ׵ʧȥ·ת˰̣ƮŮʬ֮УڵϸǱȸʬʬ
ŵùڵص죬һץסڵϵ׹ʱ׹ɢ⣬ǰϵϲϵƮŮʬ֮С
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үһŮʬϵ°̣


46 º
ү·ǿʲôͻȻ캰ŤͷһȻŮʬǰͬԭŮʬֻǺɫ۾ڱѪɫԭɷûأҪ˵ǰɷ΢ĻôڵɷͿÿݣΧϵı任ԭҹҲҲƽ
ĺ磬첻Ĵһ飬ʵѣҪԵľǰү˵˺ģӵٴΰʯͷһ㶵վʯͷ֮Ͽǰϡ
ԭ۾ͱ˿׶ȸʬҪʬĹ쿴ϵһ̣ûʲôͻȻۿһɫĶ

ͻȻ͸оԼȫһĸоƾһ˿ǽɫ׹ڸԵϵĲϡ
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47 ֵıڻ
ȥϵļѰľǾڼûзκζȴҵһܵΪ˳ܵҵľȴ;һȺɫСţܵ赲סƲѣټϻһ⼣߰ߵĴǰĸߵֵ
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켱æĽеԿһһѵĶȻ
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Ūһʧȥģ޺޵ĽһԿľš

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48 ƿ
ܵ󣬾ȻһƺܳȴصĹ䣬йӦػʽǾ췢ϾȻֵıڻЩڻ޲ĶЩÿԱ߾һƹŴõĶ
ϸۿһ¾ȻмĹĺԱǸ澹ȻЩߡ
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ڻٴĹտڴ߽
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үԺ壬ǰү壬һ뵽Щꡣ
СĵĿүһı飬ͼҪ壬һƸĺϡ

ѽģ˭ѽ
ȻŭĿ죬ԱߵүǹЦ
ѽ죬ԸҰȻǶĶ
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쿴үı仯Ȼֻ˳үУȻϼеү˵
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49 ʶ
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үĽ˵õƿӣӡġ찵զ࣬ȷʵǸ໨ֵЩǮе֣ү˵űĺôĶࡣ
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⼸ַАģАںܾǰʧڵ˶ֵ֮٣үϵüȻ൫ǽ⼸ֵĺȴǹˡ
ֲֶǹʱΪܸ˵ｻһ֡Ҳ˵АģԼģһֵַֹͨš
ŪЩ֮찴үķַĺһ֣ǣ󰵲رأʲô˼أ
ʣүѣ㲻ʲôѵ˵ЩбأʲôָĸǸƿ
ǸʲôǲǸƿƿȻЩֵҪǺͱǲЩ׵οڻҲ֪ʲôʱȥģоǵǲŪȥĻ֪˵ϸûеǰС
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50 ǳʦ
֪ľѾӳ֮ǷصѧУľȻɫ԰׷ǳһ
ѯӳ֮󣬷־Ȼȳġʲô˼һｫһ˸˳ǰľϦҪǻǵʱ򣬽ľȳҲΪľϦҾϵĴ϶ȥˣľԼãҲȥȣΪûǡ
쿴Ų԰׵ľ˵˵Ǳȳģ
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΢΢һЦ˵аҲаǺǣ
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ڿûʲôǽ￴ûʲô֮ͬϣǸûʧ϶ٳ֡Ҫ˵ⶫһǲỻططǳĲʺԼⶫŻŲλãһ˵ļһûʲôʣ˭أ
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51 С
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ȻͿʼ׼ϳõĶҵĶҲǺܶ࣬ҲǺ٣Ҫ׼һЩĶ˵ľƷѪīʲôġǴһаĶ˵飬Ǵ⣬ǡ
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Сǰ棬콫ԼĶȡ׼һС߹ءС߹·ģҪСȥɾѶˡ
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찵һΣˣô󣬸㲻ǸءУ԰ôأΪʲôƫƫָء
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Ū֮Ϳ˿ʱ䣬ʮˡ
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Ҫľǵȡ

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СıƽԼᶯǰ߲صҧҲ֪ҧʲô쿪ʼײŵӿҪǾͱһþ͸˻ȥôҲ̸ϳˡôԼҲéɽˡ
һ͸оǸ͵ľͷֱԼ沿
ͺһ£ٿãԭֻһľ׮ѡľ׮ԭزûʲô仯˲ͷ亹аһ
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52 
ǰͻȻһŵʬ壬һŮʬʵһͲ֪ʬʲôʱ󣬻˵ʬҲǻþ
Ȼóֵ磬ֵĹâʬϣֵǹ߸ʬ壬ֱӴʬǾʬĺСϡ
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ϸһȻǾŮʬĲһߣȻԵǱ췢֡Ϊʲô˵ҵ˺߾֤ʬǵأΪеĵкߣı־һĶͨжǲǵҪ˵СһֱֵĻôҲͺðˡ
췢𽥵תΪΪĺ˵͹ΪĺʧһʧĳˣǸʱҪԸɾͲˡ
գ쳤һȻĿǸûжʶҲ̫
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͵ƲãҲֻһЩ鷳İ취ãҲ൱λһʣǾһɵģһǹ̶ڵĵطֻܶŻ˵֡죬Ͳܲܣðˡ
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쿴̵ķд󶨣Ȼȡϵ㣬УȻ̾ͿʼѰǸ
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첢ɥһֱת
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ѹˣľϦͨܵģֱܵͨŹľҵġ
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53 
С֣һ˹ǽΪǸʰ֮ͿԽСеĲɾĶȥˣû뵽Լ˹ǽһǰġˡľϦ
ȻˣҪԼľϦ컹ҪȥѰңôõ취ʰҪȻ
뵽콫еľһ£ԼҲҵˡҲ֪Ըܲá
û뵽ľϦǴðģľϦʬڣеȻ㲻ͨܳġѵǵѺľĵط
ԼҲûľܳḶ́Ҳû⡣ӿˣҪ֪˵ȥҵһʲôͬ
˼ʱľϦʬɲῼڸʲôĿֻһǾǹЩԵĶ
ôһ˾ǰȻǴ̼ʬ壬ȻûγɷҲ൱ڰʬɷˡ
һӾ
찵ľֻһζĶʵѶԸҪĵлеġ
ҪЩСλʲôģſԶԸˣǰȴľϦʬ壬Ҳ൱ڰʬɷǲô׶Ըġ
һ¾Ͷ㿪ľϦĹǿľϦûͣˣҲûи촭Ϣʱ䡣
űһץһӣҪǱץĻɾûôˣǿĸһĺָ׾з
յĶץǰľǻû췴Ӧһ£ֱӳļץ
ƺѾǽӲĴ֣˵צӣڿкХķ

ʹĲҽһܵĽľŮʬ
̵ֻһǸľϦʬͱľҲôһغϣļϾ͸ʺѪһεεĵڵϣڳŵҹĻзˮһĵδ
Ѿģ
찵Լ˿ڣŭǳȻ˵ǿǸ컹е޲ߵĸоΪʲôԼıûԸеġ
ǸŮʬҲľϦʬڸһ֮󣬷·ǸܵѪζһ¸ӷˣǸһ£ǵʼŭѪһ֣·һֻҰޣԼһ㡣
һ¾죬ɾе㲻ˬˣԼޣҪǶùôһ£˵һ¾ͱ˵ڵءԼҲ군ˡ
ô죿
һ뵽ľϦ껹ʬУѵԼҪľϦ
λأҪľﻹ˵ľûԼ϶ûа취ˡ
룬ǸľϦֿʼ죬찵һҲûа취ֻʹصĶʬĹ
ô죬ԼҪȥɡҲǽ֣Ǿûа취
첻ͣĶľϦʬĹʱԶһӰǻһĽǶȡ
ž
һ£һ£Ϯؿϣ챻һ¹ĺ˼һѪʼڣͷеĸо
ãԼʬˣҪˡ
аûа취ǸʬԼԼȻһЩŴ׵ľϦʬͲԼϢʱ䡣
͸оԼͷԽԽؿڱʬеĵطǰʹĸоӿɾ鷳ˡ
һεĶľϦʬĹһϣʼеŴ˳һӶԼ˿ڴֻһƻˮɢȻһ̡
ʹĺһ𵯾ͻʹȥ
һ£ʬĵĲˣԼͷҲǰؿڴһķ飬ĸо
ûʱˣǰŮʬֳԼ찵ҧҲǼֵ֣ʱԼ͵þˡ
Ҳôʱ䣬콫Լ˿΢Ĵһ£ľϦʬ岢̫ʱ䣬һ¾졣
ľѾһ˿ѺۡȻǳʱĳľϦʬɵġ
Ҫأƺ첢켸ͻȻоؿڴһķƣһڻǵѪӿ˳ľϦʬϡ
𣬵õѪľϦʬӷһ¾ͽ찴ڵء

һӱŮʬڵأаˡ
ľϦʬͷϵĽӽĲѾ̽ԭܱյĺ촽ֻҪһ¡ͻᱻŮʬѪȻ϶һʬɷһʬһʬ
ڱܵĶľϦʬѹȣ˫ֶסľϦʬͷǺΣľϦʬɷ֮ǳĴһδЩ챻
Ůʬѹţ͸оһĶѹԼҪľϦš϶ƲסľϦֻһʬһʬɷһͷоġ
컹ͷһαŮ˸ѹţȻŮѾʬʬҪǲϸ濴ǲʬе㴭ϢҲһ£˫һ·ŮʬʹĲ
Ѿģˣս
͸оԼĲһıĸоǲûʹ͵۾ȴŮʬûҧԼԼĲͣ
ô£һŮʬҲԼĲһ鼸׺ĸְ壬Ůʬҧڸְ档ֲоԼĲһıԭǶһְ塣ְôֵģ
㱵ʱһвŮ˹
ϸѭͿŮʬĺһˡҲǾԼǸˣ
ʲôʱģôһоûСڲʱһƿѹԼľϦʬ壬Ͷ㿪
Ҳ֪˶ʬЩʲôǰôĴ󣬵һƿˡⲻеơ
ƿ֮첻Ǹ˿룬˸һְȫУܽԼˣ϶ҪԼĶࡣ
ǸľϦʬ壬һ±ƿ֮ѹһվǸ˳˹
Ǹ˴һ
ʶľ͸оΣգһ¾ͶȥֻǸͳһŻƷһ¾ľϦϡ
ľϦʬ壬˻Ʒ֮󣬸ӷͷϵĻƷϵķٻţʹ̼ûǵŮʬ
ԭغҵĻ˫֣쿴ǰŮʬھ˵ˡ
˵˭ôԼΣѵʱ֣ѵһֱ͸Լ뵽дһ飬Ҫ˸һɫôԼ군ˡ
룬ǰ컹ǺһսϵģǸľϦʬںһ˫ۡĿͶˡ


54 ľϦ
Ŀ⿴ǸˣǸ˵ĿҲͶ죬ٸһ֮Ǹ˶˵ҰҲҪʣ֪»ǲҪ֪ĺãǻ
칧άĵͷ˵ֻ֪ôѹô𣿡
ڻҵʵ𣿡ǸĿͻȻһĶ¡
˵֮ǸͻȻȡһŻƷľϦʬ˹ȥ
ֻľϦʬϵĻƷҵȼգ֮ͻȻ˫۾Ͷһ˿ɫĹâ
ѽ
˼һĽƷľϦĶͷ档
һŻƷǰͱٻ沿ûľϦʬ;ֹж
㶵ĿаԾ˵ĵпɲһԼҪǺԹǳԲʲôùӡ
Ǹһ½ľϦʬסȡŻƷָ䡣˵ʦүϣ崫˹㣬ߵлʦ
Ҳ֪߶һЩʲôͿһ½ŻƷڿУȻ幭һֻ˵Сһ㡣뵽񡣵ʽе㲻߼ǰǴûпƵʽ
Ȼ֪ʲô컹ʶȤûйʡͼǸˣ֮󣬻ǻһһ㡣ׯ̬
ɵɵעţǸ֮Ŀֱ졣ȻָָеľȻˣ·ǱǸ˵þסһ㡣ɵɵĽеľݸǸˣ˫ֳϵơ
ɢƾ޷ܣһִյĳ߷
Ǹ˽ľõ֮΢΢ĵͷȻǸŮʬȥ
͸˫۾·ǿһյһ㣬ر˿ûǰĸоһֵõ˵ĸо
ǸŮʬߣҲľϦʬǰ棬Ǹ˺ȻɢһƣݲϵĸоƺһɱơȻĶŮʬŰ飬ڴˣ츩ף
Ǽ򵥵һ仰ǸǰסŮʬͶûԤ˸׶ǹ
ͼǸٴκȵŰ飬ڸģ
˵֮󣬾ֳľȻһŻƷ֣򵥵ǸŮʬͷһġ
㶣
һ£ͽǸŮʬ˳ȥҵǸ˽ľǸŮʬͷʱƺһⷢ
ǸŮʬ֮ڴηһèĺһٴǸ
ֻǸһ¾һ¿ɰסˡ˾Ȼ׶ߣƺС˵вŻֵĳȻǰԾѡ
ǸľϦʬĹִ̳֮һľϦʬĺϣֽľϦʬٴķɡ
ķ֮Ǹ˵Ű飬Ҿͽ
쿴Ǹ˵ָ棬ʼ˸һ⣬֪ǵʩʱ⣬һĵǲʩ⣬Ǵﵽһ־硣
˵õУѾаȽǲǱү
Ǹصı任Ȼ󿿽ǸŮʬǸľϦʬŭҲ˱ƽ
ž
һǸˣֱָӴľϦʬĶͷϡһ£ŮʬʬͱǱѨһ㣬֪ǵ㵽ľϦʬѨϡ
ʬҲСʬǷӡǵĵطҲֻҪҵߴôʬͻ֯ʬĲһĵҪǽʬߴơôͿֱʬʧȥԡ
ˣһ¾ҵŮʬڣһָ͵ơֻһйһ㣬һİ̴ĸľϦʬϱŷ
ৣ
ľϦʬ壬ѸٵĸȥɻҡȴǹɴʬɢỊ̇۳һΡ
Σ쾪㵲ѣⲻľϦ
ѧУڣľϦգҹ̽ŮᣬҲΪȴǳˣǰе㲻֪롣
ֻľϦһγɣĿûǰĸоһС͸ľһ㣬
ľϦγ֮ǿһ죬ȻԱߵ˹ȥֹһ̫ǼǸ˵Ŀͷ
ȻǸ˵Ǳı֣Ϊ㳬ȡ
⻰ҲͲ²ĲˣľϦΪȡҪҲûʲôˡ
ͼһıʻȻڵϻһڰԵͼм仹һЩġǿ̫ǿԿ϶ǳרõķģΪĽ֪ˡ
Ϳһ̴ľϦɢȻɢ컹ͷһοΪ鳬ȣһ¿ǿˡǰȴľϦľĽ㣬ʱ뵽Ҫľ֪ԼĽ㱻˳ˣ϶Ҳ˰ɡ
ľϦӰʧҹĻ֮УʧһɲǣľϦƯϣȻ΢΢һЦͷ
ˣʲôڵǸ
ľϦǸ˵ͻȻָıˣе㾪֣֪ô¡
ͼǸˣȻ˵ղţҪҸ㣬У԰ѾɾˣСеŮϴͷŮҲôȫΪ˱Լá
Ǹ˿ɫ΢һͣȻŵǸչ˺á
еȻͽһжΪľ˵ľϦһϵеԣǻ㶵ĵͷǸ˵лл
Ǹ˵ͷӦõģ
Ȼһ䣺ǷһһµϣȻʧҹĻ֮С
Ǹʧԭɵɵĵˣ˯


ڶ Ĺ粨


55 ֮
ʱ˲䣬ת۱꣬ԼУ԰еȻһĺۼԼУ걭еľơҡҡͷ˵˵ⵥλвҪ꣬㹩ƷҪͿǹݣ˼ҵҲܱȸƨҽҪõĶɣ
еľƱˮȻ˵˵ףȥŪǮȥô˵ҲеʱҪǸǵҽɡ
ʱĬˣǮǮѽûǮûˡ
Ĭһ֮ͻȻɢһâ˵ˣǰǰҸ㵽Ǹ໨ɻƿˣٲϼ𣿡
ӻ˵ⲻУ˵ǸŶү϶Ǹ˭õ˭ùҪүĵиعƾͱˣ
콫еľٴһȻ˵˵үⶫҵУҪ˿϶ǸɵˣҲҪʲôʹҽУ԰е֮ǾûмʲôɾĶҲ˵лǰġ
ԥˣŲϵľƱҧҧ˵ǾˣȸѰ˼һ·Ҹ·˵ˡ
һͬǸƿüͷһ¾ƱȻ˵УôˣҪү˵ҲˣϾôˣүڵļҲ̫ãͳˣоŪǮǾ͸ɸС񲿣㹩Ķڰ˳鿴ˮʲôģҲҲһղǣ
ͷ˵Ҳԣôˡ
֮콫еľٴȻ˵ҵڶľǺ˵ɵɵ
ͷ˵ɵҾѧУʱǸͦõģôȥ׷˼ңĳŮǶ˼ġ
ҡҡƱ˵ǺǣʵðˣҸľԵ֣;ˣǸǺеԨԴֻǸ
ɣֵҲ˵ˣ˻ȥ˯Ǻǣ졣
κĻصԼסķӣһ¾㵹ڴϣٴν硣
峿ԼĶͷһֻʱ䣬ҿٵˣˣ
Ͻʰö·ҽԺȥ˵һڵҽҲǱЩʵϰҽ֣ҲԼְλһݹ
ҽԺһͿ鳤ӵ˵鳤磡
ֻһķʴ沿ӷףɫӵҽĿ⿴죬Ȼݺݵ˵죬⻹簡㿴ʮһˣҪ㲻ݹ˵򲹵ҽǣҽԺȱһѾǵγٵˡʰʰ߰ɣСݲ𣡡
˵֮󣬾ͼǸ׹ҽһŷֽ沿
յĶȻһίı˵鳤һɣұ֤һˣ
Ǹ׹ҽٴκ
һɪɪһȻϵĹݺݵضڵ˵油ˣݰݷУ
Ťȥſȥĸ׹ҽŭ
߳ҽԺеãˣԼȥǰ룬ǽĸ໨ɳ˵
ѸٵĴ򳵻صԼסĵطȻһյСڽһŻƿ״Ķȡ˳Ȼ˿΢΢һЦȥ
Ŷг쿴Աһѵİڵ̯СҡҡͷȥһЩȽϺá
Ѱ˼Աһ໪С̣аӦ໨ɵİɣøǼҵ꿴ʲô۸
໪С̣ͼһ˹Ȼ˵ϣλС磬ǳǼˣҰ³¼ۣﶼһǺǣ
쿴Χһŵľϳе໨ɣаֹԼԵطˣ˵ûɲţЩ˳ɶǼٻ
ֲ˵漴˵ô֪Ķأ
Ǹ˼첻ţƣ漴СĶ˵˵Ķǳӵ֣һСξУܷģ۸湫
ǸǸСξ˵رƺ첻һ㡣
쵹֪СξСξ˵˾ӣҲǳ˵ĵġ˱ȽĹѨԳֵ໨Ƚ϶࣬ںڻһлЩ
Ҳ֪ǲϰ壬漴˵ϰڲڣģ
Ǹ˿죬漴˵ŶԭҲǸУξǺûֵĶʲôϰƽʱڣһ
컳ɵ˵
ǸЦ˵˵ãֻҪҶǺǣ
컳ɶ˿ˣȻ󽫰е໨ƿСȡ˳ݸˡ
Ǹ˽е໨ɽӵ֮󣬴Լ¶óһŴ󾵣ϸһ￴ţ˳㽫еĻƿһ
ǸԽԽǾȣԽԽǲ漴췢е㲻ԾһѽǸ໨˹ԼĻУ漴˵СӱҵƿӸˤˣô۰ɣ
Ǹһĭ˵ٳ֣
ҡҡͷָ
Ǹ˿˿ָа뵽мˣȴ漴˵ҵҼϰ壬ҿ
ҿԾ˵ȴû뵽򣬱ųֵġ
ǺǣǴҪ٣Ѿмˣҵøϰ绰ԵȣǸ漴ͳֻһ롣
Ǵ˵ããϰ̸ɣ


56 ໨
챾໨ԼٳﱸһǮС⣬ԼֱȻһֵƣǸĻȴΪеֲӻüĿѵһ¾¸ˣ
㶵Ŀе໨ƿеȻٿǸˣһС˵ʲôԼǸһֱظ˵ʲôģмˡ
һᣬ㲻ԼֵЩǮǸϿǹĴˣȻЩŶҲ˵˵үҲ˵ˣװõģ˵ǸʦùҲһ
˼ʱǸ˾ЦǺǵȻһЦ˵Ҳһе𣿡
ʼ˵֪ĶûǱ֪ĺãϰ̸
ǸɫһȻָֻЦǺǣ˵ʵҲˣϰ嶼̸صģǺǡ
ؿһǸ˵ǽϰ壬ɣҷһЩ
Ǹ˽˵ǣǣǺǣеĹǶģȻЩģҲ֪δݣҸϺò衣ǺǣֵǮңһǮֵܾͺã
һôƻͦ׽ԼǴͻ͸ԼеģȻвмǱϻȺһЩĺãСӸԼʹӡ
漴˵ֵ˵ҽ죬ȻУǾͽݺȱȵϰ壡
һ漴ֺǺǵ˵ٺ٣룬ôú̸ϰϾ͵
Ǹ˵˺̨ݡ澹Ȼһ䣬һЩɳװƷȣɼϰǲƴ֡طӦþƽʱЩߺڵ̽ĵط
֮˿ʼ̸˵ǸոմѧҵȴһЩϾүʱ䳤ˣĥһЩơ
໥һᣬǸһǸһʱ䲻ϣصĻҲϸôǾǲ˵˿֪һЩԭвǶȷʵҲٵļͿЩǲмңȻЩмϳЩɶǴһЩŪģ۸ĺܣȻܹ׬һʣмңǺǣԩͷɡ
ȻΪҲǸһеģǱϾй棬ҲȥѯʣҲܶ˵
ԼҲôһᣬͼһ˽ˣʱ첢û⣬ϸһ˻һŮˡ
ʱͼǸˣŮ˹˵ϰ壬ǸСξ
˵֮͸Ů˵Ķϸ˵һЩʲôʲôûͼǸŮĵͷ
漴ǸŮ˵ĿƳ죬ʱĿҲŮˣĿԣ˿ȱ档
쿴ŮϤУǸŮ˿Ҳһֱӣһȡ
ʱǸ˵ˣ˵λϰ壬С㣬λֵܣ

죡
ͬʱͬʱĿⲻͣŶԷ
ʱǸ˿˵Ŀе㲻ͬ漴˵ѵλʶ
첢ûдˣǮĻǸŮ˵Ǻǣû뵽ھȻ˹ϰ壡
ʱǸŮҲ˵ǰҲû뵽㾹ȻСУξ
ĵͷһԱߵǮ
ʱ˵ˣԼˣصģл˵
εһЦʵҲСУξƿʵҴһլҵģûдǮû뵽ȴļ룡ǸУҹۣ
˵֮󣬽еĻƿݸ
һԱߵĻƣеĻƿ˹ϸ
ͼǸһ߿һͷ漴ĿĿһ˵ʵʼȷʵңƿһξģҪгĻҲһ㣬Ʋûп㡣ȷʵһ㣡
˵ǸһǸǮ漴˳ȥ
Ǯȥ˵ҲµĲĻʵһҲǼξʱ򣬵ʿùĵƿӦǼξùĶһֵӦң
򣡡
ʧȻе㲻ԼĶ䡣
Ŀ漴˵ȷʵǣֵһ˿˺ܶ⣬֪һЩġ˵㵽Ǵõģ
ɤеɳƣȻ˵˵ȷʵǰһլзֵģȴǷլһܵС
ؿһ죬ȻĻе㲻š漴Ŀֿʼƿ۲죡
һ߿һ߶˵㲻֪ļξһԣҲйŹ֣ԲǺܸɾһ˿ȷʵңʵҸһȻҲѡһҵ
Ŀ΢漴˵֪һ
ǸһỨƿȻ󽫻ƿݸ죬漴ԱߵɳĿ˵㻹ǵǰѧУСе֪˭ȵ𣿡
С֣ˣѵǸˣе㲻š
Цһ˵ҾǸˣŲ㣬ȻҲ֪¡
ĿֱҵһʲôǾûʲôֻǸĿ䣬һϤĸо
ʱǸһָһоϤơ
漴ʧˣǸˣ


57 
û뵽ԼеĻƿȻ໨ɣû뵽ԼڴѧԼԾǣȻĸǰԼˣе㲻šĽһȴ첻òǰǵԼˡ
һǰľʧ֮һֱڸԼ˵ʵҲƽȴôΪ˶Ϊ⼸һֱڸ¹ϵ쾾Ĳѣһ뵽ѧ֮еǸ޺ı飬ĸĵ벻һ
ʵǰ첻òţȻˣ컹һ⣬һѯʡ
֪ĸҪ𣿡Ŀ
ǰ˵ģ
ͷȷʵǻǽô죿ƿԼţҪŮҪ֪ĹŹֹǲյġ
ʱһ죬Ц˵죬û˰ɣƿϰ˵ǷҪңԸһ򣡡
춨ȻԼһ͵ùһˣҪҪƿһЩʲôаҪ
ݺݵҧҧ˵벻ˣҪ㲻֪ĹŹ֣һǻ㣬ǼȻҾͲˡԲˡ
˵֮ͱƿȥ
Ҫߣŭȵ죡ôԴѵѵȱɾͲ𣡡
沿һȻȻһЦȻԣƿ£ûǲҪ̸ˣ
ǿһеĻƿȻЦȻ¾ȷſ̸һģˣһ۸ĻƿҸҵûеڶ˻۸񡣱Ҹ򣡡
˵ĸʱ򣬺ݺݵҧҧ
ЦҪˣ㣬ںǣҸȤ˵ǶŮ鳤
һĻŭĶ˶ţȻ޺޵˵ҾôǮǺǣϲ㲻ҲҪ⣬ҵģȻƿҲҵģһԣӲ˵ġ
ɫһһת˵Ҳ̸Ҹ̸Ȥġ
ɳһ˵ŶʲôҸȤ
Ķ棬Ȼһˮ˵벻׬Ǯ
ǻȵе㲻컹˵밡˭׬ǮǷǷ£ۿɲ
ˮˮȵЦǺǵ˵֪겻ţų
תһ룬仰Լ֪ģⲻǵл
컹Ǽװʵ֪仰ʲô壿
Цһ治֪Ǽٲ֪ǺǣЩ𣿡
ббٵͷʾϿɡ
˵ЩɶǸ仰йģ˵Ķ˵ǮҲֵǮһܳꡣ
еһܳꣿЩǼٵô
ЦŻӻֵҪǼٵģҲô˵Ȼмٵĵһ붼ģҲðռٵ
ĵٵе㲻⡣
ЦǺǣҲ˵ܰһļ۸ý۴ϾЩЩҪǰҲû˸Ҫ
˵óһƷ˵㿴
콫еĶӹһһָɫĹҲ֪Լʲô
˵ָģֵҲ˵Ҳһѣ

Ȼе㲻ţȻʵô̯ôһУҪûʽǸɲ
ĴһЦͲˣұҵ֮ûʲôڵĴѧһѣҾһˣӡ÷ڡؿ϶ѣҾ˳ְƽһû뵽ȴһӣרŸģƵ׼ЩҺһжһΡһҾ˽ļҵ
һξ˽ļҵԾ
ЦЦͷʾ
˵Ҫ˵ĿɾûˣһξŪЩҵǵöֱʡǻʵҪǱҪǹӵģ
ҡҡͷ˵ûʲô㿴меıģֻЩͼģЩûбġ϶ûµġ
Ķ˵û£
ٴεͷҪȻȥĥĥպиҪ֣ҪҹšһٿԵõƿļǮ
ôࣿҿǿǡڵ񾭶еˣǳھ貢ûдӦ
ͷ˵ȻҪĻʹ룡
漴һƬݸ졣
콫Ƭ֮󣬿˿ͷԼ·У漴׼ԼסĵطúõѣӿеĿˣⶫɲġ
صԼס콫ԼǱͳó˿һҳǼֻУϾдһλ
һλоԼСʱ̸ԼĹ£һ뵽ԼϾ˻һĹܡԼҪǲУһӶܽԼϾ˵ʬŪˡ£ȷʵ֮أҪһ²С
֮һ绰ӵĵ绰õһ仰ǣ
죬Ҹҵƿˣ
ͽ¸ԺˣԼҪ֮˵绰
֮󣬻Ǿ仰ȴһ鷳£Ȼиֹ


58 ײ
ո˸绰˵ҵⲻҪоȻֹô£
ģסͿڴϱŻƿ֪ʲô
Цһ߽죬˵Сǲڻŷأ
쿴һ˵ƿҲˣ
΢΢鴤˵Сǲˣң治ˣҶҺˣ˳㻹һ⡣
ƿԱߵĳ棬˵ʲô⣿
˵Ҹ˵ֹҹ۲죬ŵʧķ裬ÿ춼ɵǺǵģҿ㲻þһײͣ
һʵʲô˵һ㣡
ڴ˵ĸ˵Ǽÿ϶ϤϤÿ϶һŮǾǲ֪Ϊʲôֵļ˶ˡͻȻһ죬ҹ֮󣬷ԼߵžȻˣͳȥңû뵽ǣȻ̨淢Լһڿ
˶ٽ˵ҲͰˣΪֹ¶ԼŸùǾԼԼŵʱʱԼͻȻʹͬһèһ̺ۡһɲԣԼƽʱû󣬵ǽôôŵϽ˳ȥԼеӶһסš
˵һˮȥȻ˵û뵽ǣ˾Ȼ޷סţһ¿ǰŻˣһӣĸ˵İ²ŰԼһϡס֮ŻǲһֱУһֱèһ
һڷ˵Сӵ
ػȻ˵˵أ
ưҰ˵һֱһͲͬˣͻȻ͸ָһԼΧȫˣɰŸŵˣȻѯԼţžȻͲ֪Լһ١ΪԼǵʧķ裬ȻԼȥҽԺ飬žͲͬˡǼԼȥҽԺһû˿ķ֣һɰסˣϵ£һﶼǼģͻԼаˡ
˵ģȻʵأ
ֺ˿ˮ˵ҸպúȥѼпһҹŶ꣬Ϳ沿еҾ͸˵̫ƽû뵽һ¾˵Ŀˡһ¾еˣͰ¸ˣҲͽˣ˳㽫ĸƿ¸˵˳ȥ
һˮ˵
ν˵Ҫȥ˵ˣҪҸ£ʮأ
һʮѾģЩǮ治Ǯ£Ǹɸҽһ²һǧ顣
˵ǣôӲ
ʮȷʵջܴ󣬿һ뵽ү˵Ƿڵ£ܺǮһ仰оеԥˣ
Ȼ˵ү˵ñ˵Ǯģ
һ¾ͼˣ˵㲻˵Ҳ˵˭֪
תһ룬ҲֻҪԼ˵˭֪أŶ˵Ǻã¾ôˣ
һӦˣЦͶˣˣ㻹ʲôҪ˵ѽ
ŤŤͷ˵ҽ˵ƿ˸ҳû
ûҿôôߵļۣһ¾վ
ҡҡͷԼ̸
ҲԼüͷ˵£ȷʵǲð죬û뵽ǣȻһСҲǲУȵٿɣȰ¸ˣ㣡
Ҳǵͷ˵ôˣ
֮ԼǸϣһ˵ǸĹŶ
һ֪Ǹʮ꣬üһֱװ·˵ʲôĶл첻ɵԼһƶ
飬һ¾͸̸ĽܣȻ̸
Ļң찵룬ұǸҪкɼ˵ĲƸһĶࡣ
Ǿһڱᵽ˵ϡ
˵֪λСֵγƺСֵܲĻͽһ磡
칧ά˵С죬Сǹάˣϣ˽һɩ
ͼһ¾͵ͷ˵ҲҷǳΪһԼķ޳ʵĻš
Ϻ˵Ĳ࣬üͷȻ˵磬˵Щ¿Ҳֲʲôҹɩײͣûʲô¡ⶫ׵¶壬ûҿĺã
˵ײͣزأǱҪģڣѾڻʼҾ¥ԤλȥԵҹҲ
ЦȻôңСǹ
ĸеã
꣬ĸȺ£ϯʼ컹ǰ˷ִ棬ھ棬һᵽĸƿǾܾ˺öΡ
ɢһţ¿µϽγļС
ļҾһСʣĽѣǸ˰ﻹסһķˮ


59 ˮ
ļУһǵ͵ĸһʽĺլеıı컹ͷһοĴǸ¥ǰе˹һƬȻ˵ʲôɽˮҲл͵һһѾϸһȴüͷ
Ϊʲô⴦Ա߲ûıһƬΨǰˮ
Եе㲻Ծˣؼⶰǰһǰ·ˮ˵һأһˮǸأˮ̸ʲôˮˡԱߵĸ¥ɽԱߵ˹ӽˮôǰ·ټһˮе㲻׵ˡһˮйˮ;ˣⶰλԵͻǰ·е׻˵ĺãˮҪⶰͻĻҲûʲô⣬ؼⶰͻĽ·ϵɷ˽ڼǰһŵǾ֡һ·ˮˡ
Եʮ·ڶ֣ǳ˵·ͷָʮ·ڡⶰǰ·պһ·ڣ˵һŵ񣬵Ҳǵס⳵ˮ·ɷʱһ㻹ãҪʱһⶰŹ֡
ʱһ֪Сֵܿʲôǵطˣ
ɿһ˵û£һ˵
漴С
Ѿϣǲϵ찵Ծôѡôһأ
ļУļϺ˲ˮıķڲͣ߶ţ֪æµʲô
һͿһ۵׵Ů˳ڿУȻ˵Ҳڲסʴµİ̺ۡŮһ֪ţЩķǲ̫ͬһǸӹ̫̫һȴһΪ˽
ֻŮǰ£Ȼ˵пôҲ֪ͨһ֪λСǣ
һЦǸĺѣ
Ҳ˵켸ǰģôһ仰һĹâȻǽӣǿȴǹά˵ŶûλС绹ͦͣǺӣҶͺã
˵֮վ¥ȥ
ʱ򰵰üΪ쿴ȻǱЩɧѾã첢û˵ʲô
ܵİ裬ƵĶͷϵĵҲֹϢĶԱƿǳľ޴һĸ߶ȡƾǼٵҲ飬ٿЩɳҾߣǿһֹϢȻǼ۸񲻷ƣһ̨൱ǽʽҺӣŰ칫
һɨЩûзһаĶɵðü
·ǿı仯˵֪λֵܿʲôҪǿ˵
漴ϸ˵磬ҿɩڵҸȷʮգɩӿ϶Ҫ鲡ԺҲ˵ܲ²ĵ
üͷһ˵ʲô˵ֻҪܽЩС£
һˮ漴˵ҿǲ̫ƽɩϿҲôⲻҪģҪѾа￴ء
һԱߵЦЩ£ֵܸİɣֵ֪ܲܰæԭ򣿡
Ȼ֪Щ죬漴üͷһ˵ȷʵҲϣȴ˵ķˮã
˵֮ȼһ̣ȴ𸴡
һü˵ˮãҵ˷ˮʦģ˵õķˮ֣൱ľ۲ƣҲΪᵽڵ˵ķ𣡡
һ˵Ҿ͸һķˮҲǰᵽ֮󣬲ŻһЩĶҰɣо˵ĺõķˮӴϿȷʵûϸ˵Ͳ̫ˣĸˮʦǲǸ˵ܸ¥ԿɽԱһ˹ӿԿˮɽˮ۲Ʊأ
˵￴ı飬ȻǱ˵ͷˣĸ沿е仯
ɫһȻ˵˵
콫Ȼ˵ˮʦûи㣬ʵˮ
ȵ˵ˮ
˵ԣˮǰ·һˮνĳˮҲ˼ⲻҪġҪǣⶰĺһ·ڣʮ·ڱΪ··ڲᡣⶰȴһЩ˵ǷǳԵһֲЩ־ΪĻͷ·Ϊ·ʱһͻ
ĸȻЩĻˣ˵˵ȻеǱıôûҼЩ״˵ȥ
˵һ㣬ⶰͱıͬǣⶰǰԶͻǰ·֮ˣͽ·ϵĻһµĵסļСҲŻ˵Ĳƽص㿴ˮķˮʦЩ̵ˣ
沿е鴤漴˵ôƳҪ֪ҼڿǷǳĲѾ˺üӶˣǶûԸΪǷģҪ֪һļ۸ǲˣ᲻ֻҪƳ˵
漴˵ЩС£ҵģȽһƬˣȻڼзһǰԾֹŶģͿס·ϵĶҪ볹Ƴõǽҹ֮


60 ذ
һⶰķˮ⣬Ҳ֪ôþȻҪ˵²Ź֡ټţĺΪװ⣬쿴Ů˵ɫǿԿ϶Ǻķ۵϶ǲ԰׵ɫ
ȻѾϺܾˣǾĸĽ˵£ĻҪıҹ֮ĸٴθ֮зӡ
Ҫľ׼һЩߣ뵽ıԼԾԼһóҪԼĶ¿ɲԸˣҪԼʲôô
תһ룬ŶģϿ϶ʲôŴĵһģҪԼİԾһѣʵҲ
Ͷ˵֪ûйŴıеĻСܾһã֣
һת˵һȴҹŶƷ˵ʲô֮Ҳ൱󣬲ֵ֪ʲôð
Ц粻صģŴıǴɱϢĶɷȽأһرľЩͨͽֶɱУȴûҪеĻһҲðЩɾĶ
΢һͣ٣Ȼ˵ȻԣȻأֵܽҼвɾĶĻҾͽ͸ֵҲ޷ֵԵȥȡ
ʲô㣬ҪǽԼղظ죬Ȼ£ΪԼҲãҪ֪ǹŶһдһЩݡ˵ҪôЩӣҪôǷŶˣһЩˡЩǻһЩͷԼ˵õȡ£죬ԼƽһôԼͻȹȥ
һᣬĸ¥һƤֽĶһüͷΪõĶһ
ߵǰȻ˵ֵܣһѹŴͭذףҲôһֵܿô
˵ͽݸ죬콫ӵֺ󣬸оһأָĺá
ѸٵĽһƤֽȻ㿴һѷ̵ͭذװ֡ǰذбһƤʵذ״šذףȥġ
콫ذĴذгͿһɫ̹˸˵С찵һãذƲĻƳǰĶҪ֪ͭذף㲻ûսʱڵĻһ
ֻذƣһȻʱԶɫ̰ͭȻĲô˵һƵͷذ׵İλãһͷذ׵İ֡β岿ֶذ׵ϣ໥ƣĸצӷֱ̤ذײͬвذϻһѪۣһ֪ذײֵǹŴҲһԪ󽫾ƷΪצԿ϶ǻʵ۵
һоȣû뵽ıһذ׾ǺöҲ֪˶ѪԿĳɷ൱Ĵ
첻ϵķ㶣ĿһȻ˵ֵҪϲذףľͽذ͸ֵܣҲʾһԼ⡣
ع˵Ǻˣôأһ֪ǳİ󡣡
üͷһֵǿˣ
ϽĹά˵УУֻ»ǵȵ֮ɣν޹»
һЦǺãͽֵˣҪúõıƣ
άάŵĳ൱ϲذ׵ģ˵죬沿ı鶼еš컹ǴӦҪ֪ȱľǵߡ
̸֮󣬺ܿͻᵽҹѾʮˡʱ䣬˶ȥ˯Ҫ֪˶һأĸ¾Ͳˡ
ʣˣеᣬҪԼ컹е£
¿ֲܿƣֻɳϹ룬һ¿ǰ˿ˣҪǻǲ˯
ڵ֮Ӻģ΢е⣬ҪһûеĻƾҪץˡ
ǽϵӱδδ춯ȼֲסԼɳϺ˯Լɰš
Ժʱ򣬾һйǽϵӱ͵ľѹһֻպʮ㣬賿
콫ŪѣһȭȻ˱ںҹиɵ
ѽҹǾûʲô쳣Щơ
ûһһǷȻ˵ѽô֣Ҷˣ
һƣȻϵǽͱ
δ𣬵δǽϵӱϵĴ˵ĶУ·ǴżһʻȥĺХٴ񾭱
ֻⶼô
˵껰ʱ򣬾һյĿӶ¥һ䴫ļǵǸž˯µġ
ѸٵĳֽȻĿ⿴¥
Ϳһ˯µŮĴӷڳȻ̨ȥŮš·ƾһ㣬ײײżлһ·ڴ
Ŀƶ̨֮ͣȻĶһ
һĳĴſдƺӤĳż΢΢Ŀһ
ϸһԣֺӵ


61 
ڵ֣û뵽ǣȴһⶫǺôɲ׵ĿˣɲöԸҪͨﵹǰˣڶ˵ͻȥˡȴǺӡ
൱ԵĶ˿֪ܲȴ֪˵˾ǺɡŴĴ֮һĺɣ컹ͷһοԼǵпɾͲˣȴǲ¡һ¾Ͱ֣͵ľҪȥ췴ӦһѾͽץסˡ
һ㶿죬찵ҡҡͷȻӵ£һǲˡˣԼȥƷѵҪ֪ʮأ
һ¾ͱӵµŭŭ˵ǻǲҴСҪʮأ㲻˰ɣ
ҡҡͷһȻСǲҪôͳȥɲһǺӣ
ɫһȻ˵˵ǺӣѽģĴɰ
˵֮Ȼűĳһ䣺ô죡
΢һȻ˵ǲˣǿȡ൱ġڳȻıͷģҪ˵뿪Ҳǲܣ
תһȻ˵ô˵ǲףҪ֪ɲô׶Ըġ϶ῪҪʱô죬ҪǴﲻҪǿɾ군ˣ
趯һеذ˵ҪԣǾܣȥ֮үæү϶
ͷʾͬȻһ죬תͷҪȥһе㲻׵ҪֲĶһ¿ɾҪԼˣ΢һԥǽذСȻ̽Դ
콫Դһ̽Ϳ̨ķ򣬵һȴǿǸŮ˵Ӱˣаȥˡ
Ŀһɨ̨Ľ䣬Ϳһǰ£һԭⶫ̨һϡ֪ʲôƺڣҪȻ컹Ĳ
ȥȻе㲻òתһ룬ЩﲻϲôԼóȼ֮Ŀ
ƹ¥ݣ¥̨ʱͻȻһǸӾͳˣԴ졣
һ¾ͷƤ飬ȲͣĴ£沿Ťˣϸϸ°ͣüͷ˫üһŤ沿Ϻķ۵ҲһƤмƵأ·Ĥȴһһģ͵۾ɢ㺮ֱ졣
һԼǵĸоеĺһ¾һ㼦ƤȻǺӣǿ;֪ˣһ࣡
컹ڼֵĿĸĿзƺǲĽӽȻĶŭ
һвϾ˵׾ǸڵŻΪɡҪԼһ׵Լ¾Σˣ嶼е㲻ʹͣķⶫѹʵ̫ˡ
΢΢һ£ݺݵ˿ĭȻеڵϡɫ鴤ЦЦȻ忪ʼȥ
ǸĸŮ˵ϣȴһڵϣĿ졣вϵķʨӲʳʱ״̬ȴһɡ
ĺ˵¥Ŀǰֽذ׷ͻȻԼԼҪү϶˵ɵΪʲô粻ΪذɷصĶǰĺӡ۾൱ģ˵Ѿ޳ɵĺӡ
վͿǸӣ㣬͵ľ˹ȥȻ󽫱ӿ㣬èʳʱһơȻͿһɵ̴ɢƮӵıǿס
㣬Ѹٵȼմʳ֮۾һȻĿٴο죬ûǰֺĿȻǳ
һЧԼûаһйȻЧҲҵģҲ֪ܲԼ˵ĻԿɣ
˫ȿ૵Ķ˵ãéɽ죬ˣ
һһͣ˵֮Լͷϵ亹ȻĿӵĿӡǲԼ˵Ļʧǣƺ˵ʲôǸ飬Ŀ죬апࡣ
а룬Լ˵Ļô죬ô͸ϻˣϻ˾ͺ˵ˡתһ룬ǰӰĽʬӰйһΣǵͺԻӡ
Ҳ֪еǹܲãҲֻԿˣĴѰһպԼԱһ裬һ辰
ап࣬ǱȽʪģĿ辰Ȼץһͣüͷһ¾ڿС
һ׽͸оԣһۣһѪ˳аݡԼǳԵƵĴˣȻһ£ǻֽȡ֮׽͡
͸оͳе⣬һζҲôˡ㿪ʼ˵ˡ
о׽ͣȻ˵ʲô˵ʲôһֵԴԼĿ˳
Լо֣ЧɵðͳԵֵ
Ȼͽǻ˵Ǿظһ飬ĵȴӵӦûһᣬ·һŮǣٺ˵


62 
׼ոˣȴû뵽Ǻӣе㷢ƣΨһİ취ǸӹͨҪʲôҪǲ࣬ԼʽߡҲʡ࣬ҪʵǲУô͸һоܣ򲻹ܵĵ컹׵ġ
Щ׼ֲͨ˵ô죬ͳһµǵʿֹͨİ취ͣһԻͦЧӾȻĻ
ӣеҲǰذסǿõеĶе
ô죬ŻǲšڲͣҪԼذ׷֮תͷԸô졣ԼûһɱĶˡҪԼԸܹˡҪԼµĻǿɾͲ̫ˣ϶Լ̸
һ֮컹Ǿذף̸һ̸ʵǳɲ˾͸·
ű㽫еذķһèһעӣһһ¾ԼԼɾ군ˡ
֮ٴοӣҲע졣콫ذ׷֮ͻȻ󷢳һϤϤһϤϤȴˣСǿʼ̸ɣ
ͼӣڵϣһֻèһʼԭɢʽߡ
кͼѵ˵֪ɽΪʲôҪʲôæĵطɾ˵
ӵǶƺԼͷ⣬ͼŤ沿ʼɶȻ˵ʵҲΪʲôŮ˿̵Ƕҵļ裡
沿һĳ鴤ôԭ·ʱŮҲ˿̵һ¿ɾ赽ˣⶫҲǣС۵һ¿ǵԼ¾;סˣ
סˣɽĽټסĵطͲʲôõطһͲԸˡ¿ɺˣ鷳ˡ
ʱ΢΢Ц֪ҪʲôֻҪСĶ԰쵽ֻҪܹߡ
һҪԼ̾ŭҪô
沿һŤȻ˵˼ҵ˼ǣ˵áѵɾ𣿲ȥεһҵλϣɳܲסѹҵҲֶܼѽ
˵֮ӵĿӣԼһ仰Ҫ֪С۵ĶɲסԼĳޣҪǼˣԼߵԶҲ취Լ
һĻ˵ҿǲԸ뿪طǲôǣҾǲߣ
һ鷳ǲԼҪԼŻŻԼ·ǣ
뵽ź˵ɣ͸ҸӣéɽɵĴˣ˵˾Ǹ䷹ġҲԼոճҸΣ
һ沿һ˵éɽɵģһʲôˣ
һһϲȻ֪ԼϾˣ漴˵֪һˣϾˣ
沿΢ŭϾˣ
һвѵԹϾ˵ĹӡѸٵóһķԷл˵ǣ֪ҲʶϾˣ
Ǹһ㻺˵ˣһ˵ļ˾߰ɣǴԵǵģϾһ˵Ͼ߰ɣ
沿һĳ鴤Ȼ˵ȻϾʶôҲ֪һе㻹ߣѵҪֹӳԣ
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64 
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ЦǶôˣʵҲǺΣաô治մߣ
沿鴤˵⣬ûô򵥣ҪǱץ˿Ҫǹеģ
˵ģһطҿ϶֪һδĵطҹţǹЩҲûҵء
Űɵʵ϶֪⴦ĹѨʲô𣿡
ɫһ˵϶⴦ĹѨҸ׺ԲƲӦǰġڻûȥĸʱĻ̫
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콫ͳ⣬ȻЦǺǵĿ˵ô˰ɡǾзˣ˵óһʲôƿƿ޹޵ģˣ
ɳһ˵ȥ
ɫһȻ˵νľʲôСģġȥһһӵģ
ҡҡͷ˵ǲ׵Ҹоûô򵥣Ҫ˵õǮҵţǾûô˵£
վ˵ҪǲȥĻԼɾȥˣʱ򣬿ɱ˵Ҳ㣡
Ťȥ˵һеģйصģĹһСӿҪˣ
Ҳһ㶣ǽ˵ǶˣԹЩӼһЩҪȫ档
תһ룬оҲǶԡջʵ̫ˣһ¿һٶԼʡûǮҪǸһΣ϶ʳˡǾ仰ô˵ġ겻ţųꡣЩ
Խ룬ԽǶġһҧ˵УˣҪסˡλȥ֮ɲܶү˵£һֶܣ
һӦ̾˷ܵ˵ģȥĸȥ
һԴ˵ʲôˣ
һЦȥ
һݵķĴţͿԳɻڴš
һ֮󣬽ҪǱһ£
쿴һ˵ҴӦж˵ЩʱҪһ
ЦãҪ롣ǿ϶ˮɣʱٲǵġ
ǸԳҲӭţڼ˵лЩλ˵֮󡣼Ͷʱ䣬ǽϾȥ
⼸˵ԭһȺ涼һЩ̵ϰ壬ȴŸǾӡľǸԳɣϾȻһŶԱЦʵڵȴһĹġ
˵漴˱ǽʻȥڻǰ죬ȥҲǲȵ㡣ϲŻжһ·еĪ
ֻҡҡͷŴ龰һš


68 ɽ
û뵽ԼһӾ˵ĹһһȺӣѾʲôöһ˰ءȻѾˣҲֻ˳ȻҪԼܿһѵ˻Լڡ
Щ컹ӲͷƤԣҪܷһǾˬˡܵĻֻ
ܿ˳ǽһɽ壬ܶɽҲô˼ңɽ̧ͷһĺܡϸһɽ滷ʽмСׯ
߳ţһɽĿʣٿܵĵƣķˮãû´ĻﲻҲһˮء
켸˶վڰɽϣҪ¿ǲӾɽİ棬һһ̡һڣܶȺɽƣǰһСϪıš
Ҫ徻һɽȻ⣬һС
ͼǸӳ֮󣬶ԱߵԳ˵ǲҪ֮Ҳסʲôľˡǰ֮һҲ츣ﰡ
ǸԳɿ˿Ҳ˵ȷʵֲûиڣҾ֪ûа϶Ǹ󶷣
ЦҲǣҪγ֮󣬹ҲˡǺǣЩСɣҲʱˡ
Գɿһ˵ЩСڻЩϢ˾ǿһ㡣
һЦ˲ʢ;ЩͷҲʩչ

˲ԼͬЦʱͼǼҲӳԱߵСϪ￪ʼ֡
һָԱߵ˵Ҳᣬˮĺܡ
˵֮ӾȻЦǺǵ˵֪λСֵܽʲôҲǻˣ罻Ρ
ʼ˵죬ҵֵ֪ϸʲô
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ӳ˿˿Ķ˵ҸˣҵļԶԶǸݸ߸ӡ˰ݰݵģСӿܸɵĺܣȻлСӴҿöˡҲǸʰ·磬ٺ٣ǰһǲǺôһҲͳֵѡ
˵֮󣬺Ǹݰݵĸ߸ɻӻ֣ʾǸ׸ɿԼЦһ¾
׸ɹ֮󣬺΢΢һЦҵֵܰ׸ɣλǸʶֵ졣
Ű׸΢΢һЦǺǣС죬Ժϣλչˣոսһӣʲô
Ǹ׸ҲһЦ˭չ˭һأ˵ֵܿǹأҪֵܵİæǲŻЧĽչõĶһ𷢲һ𷢲ơ
׸ҲֱӣпĳСӲǱô򵥡
ڼ̸ȵʱǸӢŮҲ
һ˵죬һ£λŮӢ㣡
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컹ӢЦ½ãҽ죬Ժϣõ½չ˲ǡ
ӢȻһЦ찡ôأһΪĿءû뵽ˣһ˧ƦӡǺǣ
ԼƨƵٿǰظŮо͸о˼ܸоеǡѵԼĿɣ
Цһ˵½Ϲ˵
΢΢ҡҡͷǰе嶯ĸовɵľ
߰ɣǸýˣϾͿʼжԳ
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ͬ˱Ƚ϶࣬˵ûǰıŤУԳȻ̸һ顣˺ܿ˽ȥ
УںţһС£ǴڳӢԱͣʱĴһϷʵЦ
һطţһũԺķ羰żҲ۹⡣СͶһסõũԺСꡣ
Ҳ൱Ĵӣ͡ҵһ򸾣Գũִӷ顣ûгֵҼթɫ
ܿ˰ź˷䣬һ䷿Ӣһ䷿ʣµıǺӺͰ׸ɣԳϺֱһ䡣
Էʱеҽһˣ漴˵֪ϸ磬ôƺ
ǸҿԳɺЦλҲôˡɽҲûʲôöͽųЩҰζɣЩҶӴɽŪģڳ϶ǳԲֶ
һˣȷʵǣּĸƵζŨ㣬ȫһЩҰζҰ⣬Ұ⻹һĢĶӲ׵һһ۲˵ĶȻйζ
Цˣϸ磬۾һԶپơ
˵վҪҵõ¡
ĵӦвƱͺȥȻʵڲС
ƹѮȴЦϸǺöϸ磬νɽΪ˿ģͿɽĶҲǿӵġ֪ϸɲһˡ
˵žʹóһӵǮε۾еѣΡ


69 ɽ
ƹѮ֮ŪףӲһʱͿҵطģҪһӲСλþǰɽˡǲǵԼ
ǰӶй·ģΪҲôϾûˡѾǺƫƧˣһɽȷʵ࣬پЩʷеʲô϶һƬȺɽ֮УҪô˵Ŵɽأеˮᣬеġ
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Щӵһ㣬ǾʬءʬضʢĵطҪ϶ΪʬѡĵҲû˼ֵһ˵ĺˡѡԼķصأЩǮǮš˵Щѡĵʿ߷ˮʦЩˮʦͻѡһʬءǸʱͲˣʬγҲô׵ģȻγɵһС֣󲿷ֶΪɵġ
һ㷬Ļ⣬ڻصġ
׼õ·ɽһ򵼡ҲϤҪȻ˾ôȥ¾ͲǺ׵ˡóһӰԪջҵ
ǸĵվͶ˵ֵǼˣЩʲôϽջȥ򵼵¾Ҷɣʹ߲ˡλԷģϵĶҶӴɽŪġҶӶɽϤĺܡ
һѽǮĵУȻ˵ϸͲҪˣ㲻ҪӻҪأҲС˼ȰǴط֮ǻиıꡣ
ǸеǮץһץȻЦݵĵУôˣʲôʱ̣ȥҶȥ
ԼǮס֮Цȥɣм£һԹ֮ǾͿʼж
Ǹеԥ˵һߣ춼Ѿôˣǲ׵ȥҶӹ˼
ǸҰҰ죬еһǮȥȻǲԸһǮҲǴһ¾ͶȥԪֲҵӦôʹ죬Ҫ֪ɽСекܶ࣬Щο;Щ򵼴Լȥɽ档ЩοͿɲһ¾ͳôǮҲǼٿǧҡһ¾ͶȥһЧȻҲǺ
һǸʹһСӽˣСӴҲǰͣڵĽ׳ɫһֺԿûĻɽɽӡ
Ǽҵһ˵ҪǴһߵĻǲУ˵ɽиءǱǲҹ·
һЦĶӰɣСӻͦʵ֪ʲô
ûҵΪʲôҹ·תĶӡҪӵϡ
ͼĶӶЦҽٺ٣
ȡһӳƱҲУ漴˵ϸǴ·ɽֻҪȥˣôǮ㡣
ʱͼǸɫǳѿҲ˼˵ʲôΪǰѾǮˡ
еǮȻ˵²УﶼйصģⶼϴѵƻãĻͻǻġ˵ҹ·ǶɽĲҲŲȥأ
˵֮󣬾ͽеǮƵС
ҵõ˼˵ЩˣǲȥɽǲȥϴѵԣǲΥġҪôһ磬ʹɽ㿴ô
һЦǮʱԳ˵ˡ
ֻԳЦվҵĵ˵ѵѵô˵ġܸܲǡ
Ǹ̾ϢһŽĹغ͹ϸϸ˽
Ľ;ǣͽɽ壬ǰɽסĵطΪ˰ݼɽｨһɽǰݵ˺ܶ࣬ɽԽԽ󣬶ɽ˾ﶨȻǺܶ൫Ҳڡ
ؾǰɽģ˵ʲôҪǳȥ·ɽʹڳ˯ɽɱ֮
ҲôһѵǸѵӦˣݼϵĹ˵¼ҲǷٶǰ
һҹͻȻһȺˣȺ˴ʮȺ˴װǷǳ࣬ĴҲǷǳĺ档һȺ˾óǮҪΪ·ɽϵһɽС
ɽ񶴾ǰΪɽţͽɽ񶴡ҪǰĻ˿϶ȥϡ˾ͲˣйġΪΪʳܿһ񾭲סջˡ͵͵ʮ˾סĵطҪ˵ԼԴȥɽϵɽС
һ˾£ҹɽǾһȥҲûлͿʼɽȥѰҵǶûҵڲúͼ·ĴʬǰСϪʮ˵ĶôƾʧˣҲûг֡һΣԺĴ񶼲ϴɽˡ
ɫһ˵ɽ񶴣
ЦԾɽ񶴣ҲһСɽѡ
Գʱ½˵ȻˣôҲǿǣһɣ
ҵĵ˵ǺãǺãҪûʲôǾȻȥˣǼλϢһͽҶɽȥ
ߺԳɫһ˵ĹѨɽ񶴰


70 
Ͼɽжû뵽ǣе˾ȻûһԸɽġҵõҲһԭǸɽ񶴡
ҪǸԳɵķǣҪôǵĹҪôĹ̽ѨġȻܶȥ֮ʧ١Ҫ˵ǰǸ˵ʱڵˣܾܿĹģҲĵĹ
˵ʲôЩпܵģȷľɽ񶴡ΪʲôȷΪлһƵĵͼǰû˵ģΪεжģ˵ģеһͼݡ
ͼҲֻԳɺǼֱ֪֮Žͼó˷ҲǺˡ
Գɵ˵켸Ҳǰͷɽ񶴺ܾܿĹѨڡҪȻǰȺҲԵ޹ʵɽȥ
һ֮ܽ췢ˣ壬ڻ֪ĹѨʲôط𣿡
һЦֻ֪һǾʲôطȷʵ֪ǾȥңԸķɽ֮С
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ڶ峿㱻ʰװͿʼɽߡ
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һרá
ڼƵɽȥɽС·Ǻܺߣɽ·תȫһЩʱʱĻһߣǰͳӢŵòᡣڲ¶ŮıԣȻ˵һ뵽ǰԼԸŮʬΣͰҡҡͷ
ͻȻǰͣʾ⼸˿Ϣһ£Ȼ˵ǰ£λСһЩ
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Ӱµһ漴ʵ˵ͷʲôͷ
ٺһЦ˵ɽȦĳɽ·˱Щ˵Ծǰݸʹ˷ֻҪЩݽԺԼϾͲʲô߹ˣЩó涼ٶҧ㡣ֲǾͽΪ²ݡ
˵֮нõ²ݣԼϡźЦЦʾҪҪӽִһߡԼγһԱߵ²ݣڿпʼ׽
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͵һ룬ⶫ߰ɡеĸоرĴ֣ڴСѵһڴֵߣ߹ѾߣӦýˡ
Ķ͸оһһһѾĻԼˡ
͵Ľ˻ɫ࣬ҪĻ϶ܿھһѵˡ
ҡҡԼԴңԼʱ߲ûжԼҪȻԼ϶ᱻԵ
Ȼң컹о²ѣĳһӼǰ
컹û˶þ͸оԼĸ첲һֵĶƹҲû⡣Ϊǰ˽ŲԼĸ첲һء
ͷԼĸ첲ȥǺɵʲô¾дˡ͸оԼĸ첲һںӰӣǲ֪ʲôѵһ
Ȼ룬ɲȥҪԼһһߵĻ᲻ҧԼһҲ˵͸оԼĸ첲Ǹ֣ߵĶԽԽץԼ˵յԼĸ첲е㷢顣
ԼֲҶҪһߵĻԼҲ̫ˡһԼˣѵԼĨЩ²̫ٲã
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˼ʱ򣬾͸оԼ첲ϵǶԼĸ첲һ˿˿ž͸оԼĸ첲ǳһֻСèԼͷԼһ㡣΢΢о뵽һֻԼ첲ζʱҧһڵĸо
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·ֽܵŵӰ죬첲ϵߣϵĹƣûһͣĸ첲
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ǰߣԳɺҲ֪ԼжԶǰͿһӰֵģӦþ˰ɡ뵽첻ɵüӿԼĽŲǸӰȥ
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ǰĳԽԽôһᣬԼ˰ˣǰĳڻһ㣬ǰһ㣬ѾӴСҪȥٻҪڵ·̡
ԼǰĺӰŲһһǳصĻεͲϵļӿŲ׷ҪиԼߣ϶ôľսлЩο
ĸӰϳˣʱͷ϶²ݱ֯ĻȦǾȦȫһȺСߡ뵽˴˵֮еɯǰȴ
ѾоԼͷϵĶȻ쿴ǾƾԼϤУ֪˿϶
ȻǳҲֻĸĶͷϵһ̵Сߡ
Ǿǰʱ̾ͷϵСߣƺǷ졣׷׵ĴͷһⶫǻſԼͷϰɡ
͸оһ˿˿ԼͷϴǰƺǸоԼͷϵûˣ㿪ʼӿŲ͸оԼͷһ
һ˿˿ͷϴапࡣѾĹȻⶫܵԼͷˣҲûа취ֻаĽпࡣ
ƾĸоһȺСǴӶֱӵԼͷϵģȺߵٶôô졣
ô֮Լͷϣöٶȡ룬ȴǲҳǰͷҲصľǰߣȴǰпࡣ
ҪԼһŭͷȺԼԴͿˡ
ͻȻһߣô²ݣԼڱ𴦵²ݵ֭ҺͿͷϣ϶߾ͲҿԼˡ
뵽Լ˫Լմ²ݵ֭ҺȻԼͷ͸оԼͷһ䶯·ԼѾͷϵڲͣԼȥ
а⣬ⶫȻáĽԼͷϲ²ݵ֭ҺŸоԼͷһᣬһȺСߣԼͷ
̧ͷǰһǰСƵعѾһ˶ߵĳڣۿҪȥˡ첻ϵļӿԼĽŲһӶһΡĵƾǲߣҪȥʱ͸оԼĽһᣬһӾͲȿˡԼˤڵϡ
Լʯͷķĺӣǰһǰǳڡ͵վܳȥǾͼһ޴ͬʯͷͷԼ


72 
ۿһ޴ͷڴϸһ¿ɵˡ
ͼһڶǻҺ壬һζ˱Ƕͷϵľ޿һô󣬰ɫŹ״С̡ɫƬڵĿռ֣֮޴ȫڵס˶ڵ⡣ֻͬС۾Ķ졣
һ̷·𿴵Լž޴߿ڸɽȥ쿴ַ޾ǰľȵЩ׳ӵ˿¡
ӵӰԼһӸˡǵһΣҪǱˡԼͷûС
ţֻûж췢ǰ治ͣİŪԼ˶صҡͬԴֻС۾ʱ͸¶һ󺮹⡣
첻ֻ֪ڿʲôĿ֮е첻ս
ͻȻͷߵͷһͻ״ĶֻСһ㡣
ʲô
ϸһ룬ⶫѵǴ˵֮еݡ԰ݵĻôֻߵͷ۾ӦĲŶԡڵĹô谵ȻԼֻߵͷϵ۾ô¡ǾֻС۾Ҳз
ѵǰֻݣ
Ȼ룬Ҳȷݣⶫ¾ͻ˼˰ɡһľҲЩˡ
ݵĻôԼ϶ˣһľԼϵҲ൱С
컹ǵԼǱͳԼϾ˾ͼһδսݵľедҲǷǳϸǾһ㣬ǱݾһͬͨӰϸݣԼǰҲڴϸͿǾ޴ͷͬһӡ϶Ҳڴϸ
Ҫ֪ⶫ±ԼϼĶҪ߶ԼһſڣԼһ¾ͻ߸ˡ
ǱУҲûôء֪ⶫǹŴ߷ˮֺͿĹѨַҲ൱ѣҲǳĲпᡣ
ŵַ컹ϡļǵãǾ˵ݡ
ô˵أǱһˣ丹зѣЩе֮߳㿪ʼʳΪˣǻ˿϶ÿʹȥǻҪе߲ʳ
һսԹ϶ܴЩ˸е˵Թ֮ͷϾͻһСǡݶеı־ҲΪ˵ĸм⣬һǣ˳Ĵûʪĵطһ㴦ںڰ֮С˫ĿʧģȻ˫ĿʧЩݵЩͨǿϲ֪ٱ
ҲΪⳬǿʹЩⶫһ겻ʳǿҪ˾Ҳ൱ľˡⶫѾ㲻ʲôˣ¶ΪʳԹⶫƲʲôҲǱ˸ŪУҪȻⶫһݳޡ
ЩеıǣⶫΪͷһ˫ǣСǡǾⶫõػޣҲ˶ɡ
һ˶ĶǾǲ֪ôԸⶫҪһĵң϶ԵĶԸȴĺܣⶫǲô»ġⶫɽºءΨһܵľǷˡٶҪͨߣĶࡣ
ⶫҲӵŸһϰԣϲʳ⡣Щӵж̬ĶҶЩصĶ
֪һ㣬ⶫΪʲôԼˣԭԼڴһ־̬²ݵ֭Һ²ݿ϶һֱáԼӻȥ²ɢһζЩ߲ŲṥԼ
վһĺݶŵʱһĽŲаԳ׷˹
첢ûгֹҪ֪ԼһĿ϶ԼˡǾ޴ͷʱʱĶԼ͵Լһ߷϶ͷ޿ڵɡ
ͼĽŲĿֻݵĿ⿪ʼתȻϹӣȴеĺܡЩͿжԼʳĹλһ˺Ҳܱ֡ӶйԵЩʱǧҪҽСٶȿ϶ݵٶȡ
ͼǰ£ڿһһµķ˿˿ʱ˷ݵעѾƫҲԳˡ
ǾǰҲǴҳ亹ʪ͸˵ϡˣӴ͸һεѹеļɵ־塣
ߣ·һȱ߳ª߱ǾйԵĲʳо˶ҥԴʹ߷·ͳԣ죬ĹѾ٣ҪǷһ˵Ͽ;ˡ
ĽŲԽԽͻȻǽŲʧˣȻԳҲǰ죬ǰݡ
ݸպڳڴһǽһ㣬ڵ·סˣҲ֪ǰļ˳ȥûС˵ڼӦͳȥˣڿ¾ڶڵ켸˳ȥ
ȻˣҪȥ൱ѣ찵ԲߵʱǰݶˡͼӴʼʶ޴ͷͬһһĽ¡󸡶ҡڡĺɫƬɢĺ⣬Ħϣ͸оһĶԼϣűһѹȸС


73 ׸֮
ݶŵʱ򣬺ԳҲ׷һ±㽫ݵעȥ찵˿ͬʱΪԳɵ
͸оԼȲһѹȸУ֭ҺҲϡȴǲҶҪһСģݾͻὫԼסһֻţ˵ǰȾҪΣյˡ
ҪǽԼסˣǾûĿˡ
ҲҶƾͬڴϸԼȲŤʱʱĽ𶯵ҡҡλΡ
Ǹİڶȥ֮쳤̾һ͵ľĳڳȥԳɣڲûйȥǡ
ھǰ治ԶĵطҲʮףҪͻȻͷĻ͸ܳȥ
Ǻ˳һҧܳƶѨ£һ͸оǳʣûζиܵȳζ
ʱ͸о泩࣬һԼǰԼļˣ쳤ĳ˿ŸоԼԭԼ·ͱս͸
֮쿴ǰˣ͸оԾ
ôԳɶڡҲڣǾȱһˡ׸ɡ
һʹǰ꺮ůųӢԳһߵģֻкӺ˶Ķڲš
͸оԾôԳԼǰˡԼԼҲûио˴ԼߴĶ
оǰ׸ɣǺͺǰôûѵ֮УԼĽŲǰ׸ɷ
ǰʵ׸أ
ҡҡͷ˵û
ʵǺһôû
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ǻ֮ǰһоСԱأǳ֮Լһˡ
Աߵ˵ܿв׸ɿ϶ߵĹƫ˷߽˲ǽ˲ھֻһҲʱһ㡣ǵȵȿɣ
ĳӶ԰׸ЩġǾˣҲֻɵȡ
˵Լ濴һݣԼ˵֮ûšֻգǸŲǰ׸ɵˣһ뵽ȾҪ˵ݡͲڶԣ׸ɵٱϣˡ
ڼ˵ȴʱ򣬾һӵ·ڲһ㣬Ǿǿ׸ɵӰ
վڳڵĺӾͶŶصѰǾǿ׸ɵӰĺصĽл

ͻȻʹӳﴫһ켸ŵòᣬǰ׸ɵ
׸ɣ׸ɣ
վڳصĽлǾһļ֮󣬶ûһ𶼻ָǰƽ˸OO@@ûС
Ӱβס׼ȥҰ׸ɣʱһѾץס˺ӵ塣ӣ侲㡣һȥҲ
ӲͣصĺǶ˿ûж
һᣬӽ侲Աߵ˵һеģԼǿڼϵģʱҲҪ̫ѹʱҲǸüǰˡ
һ˶ǰаοǺȻе㲻ʹվﲻĿԲƵسڡ
һͻȻӶڴһͿһεӶ˦˳ڼǰ

Ůͬʱ˵ĿҲתɫ塣
Ϳ壬һ˵ͷŭĿżˣ·ǰܵ˾޴Ĵһ㡣
ͷǰ׸ɵͷڰ׸ɵͷһѪ򣬺ɫѪҺѾڸǣһ˿װ׵Ķͷð˳
Ůһ֮󣬱㿪ʼ·ŻʵǶģ쿴ͷҲһķθ
ǻỹˣھʣһԴֳ˵ǵһһĪĸо
ʱԳ˷ӳϿ죬Ա㶵ĺ˵ڰֵѾ·ˣʰһ£Ҳˣ
ͼӣ׸Ѫģͷ­ŽһСԱߡ
Щ춼ǿеģô˵ͷأߵϰ˵һ㶼Ὣʳȥѵͬ
׸Ѫģͷ­˵Ϳڰ׸ɵͷһӡѵ˵ݻ
ȻףҲǷǳĺ£Ҫ׸ͻȻԼԼͿܳΪݵʳˡ
һ׸ɵ³ʹһ
ӽ׸ɵͷ­֮Ŀ
ͼŭĽһµƵĺѾĲ˵ֻҪĨЩ²ݵ֭Һû𣿡
źֶڵϵһš
֮ϽȰοⲻܹ˵ˣ侲㡣
Ҳǰץסӣס侲
ڵϵǵѪɾ֮վź˵ֵ϶˲£ҪȻôϮأ
һŭĿƣֻƿڴ
Գ˵鶼ˣ˭Ҳ뿴侲㡣ǻǸ·ҪڶѾˡٲ·϶֮ǰҲطˡҪҹϿҲǲ̫ƽ
¼Ҳ֪߿ɲһߣݡɲЩֻܹЩĶҪǰ׸ɣʣһͷ˿϶Լˡ
źӽ侲óøˮ΢ĳһʳÿ˶һûԶˣҪٶȥ·߲ˡ
Ա֮󣬼˿¶ҡҡͷڰ׸ɵķǰ˼ſʼ·


74 ѰĹ
û뵽ǣ׸;ˣôңȫ¾һͷ­˶겻ѣڽе·϶һӰ
΢һ֮󣬾Ϳʼɽ񶴵ķǰ¾һݵأȫɽһǿСأĵطһ΢ƽĵط
ĸΪƵ˶ɽѹγɵƶѨһ£ﳤΪ⣬ǳЩϲĵطʱϾãߵ£Ҳγ¡
û뵽ǣ滹ݣʲôѵ˹ⰲģǴĹѨ֮ܳĲɡ
һݲ뿪ԼػĹѨȴˡҲԤʾţĹѨ״˵ΪĽݰڶѨֵ֮˵ĽŲǲô˵ĹѨԽԽˡ
һĴ£ܿ㴩ԽľһСһСɽ𡣺ܿһɽڴһѨ
ĽܣѨɽ񶴡
ϸĿҲûзѨʲôͬѰ֮ѨһȻĶѨ
Գɺ֮󣬾͵ͷ˵ǽȥɣ
ʱʹùˣ˵ԼȥɣǴд棬ܽɽ񶴡Ļͻֻġ
˵֮󣬾ſڵϣɽ񶴿˼ͷ
ԳЦǺǵ˵СֵܰҪǲǽȥĻѵ㻹Ųɡ
Ӻף˵⣬һűȽϺá
ԳǰСֵܣҪǿǲİҪ˻ʲôˣô졣ǿɾͳȥ
ͼ˵ǷģǴйصģǴɽ񶴲ΰݵˣ϶ҪصģҾ棬ǳ֮ٽǴȥ
ЦôŰɣЩǮţǰ°֮иĸ㣬ô
˵óһǮջ顣
һߵĺŭ˵СӵǴҪûҾ׸㡣
˵ź۽Ǿ͵һˮ
һаֻýݹǮȻ˵ξ͸ǽȥɡ
ǺһЦļһ˵Ŷ߰ɣ
ӹǮֹ֮ڵϿ˼ͷ˼ڵĻŸ˽ɽ񶴡
һɽ񶴣͸оһ쬵ķ紵˹̼ͬʱһɽ񶴿϶ʲô·ǰһ͸ĵطѵĹѨɽ
ʣ˾źȥ
һʼãΪ붴ڽϾһ⡣һͲ̫ˣԽԽ
üֵͲҪȻѡֵͲ䣬ͼֵͲĹһȥͿߣһ㷴ⶼûУɼⶴѨǷǳġ
˿ʼѨߣµ·ǺƽҶбȽϳʪҲ֪ðһӸϢż˵ıǿס
ǽھһһ㣬ǳ󻬡ѨҲǺܿԼҲһң߹Ҳס˲߶еӵ첻ɵû浽ǲĹѨҪ֪޽ĹѨһЩߡҪǴȥĻǲ㲻׵
Ǻ˹˵ļգȻ¸Ծ
ŶѨǽһᣬ͸оⶴѨеǰ˲ߵģڲ˲ߡԤʾʲôⶴѨļӿ
ʱͻȻͣ˵壬ǲǸое㲻Ծ
˵С죬ʲôط𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ѨǲԽԽûиоѨࡣ
˼ͣ˽Ų㶼ͣܡȻҪĶˣ˶Ļʾͬ
ЦѨխҲǺǼǰɡ
ͣ½ŲȻż˵ȵȣҸоǽڷ·Ǳ˿ģͬȻγɵġ
ֵͲܵǽڣͷ˵Ȼ˹ģﻹһӡӣЩۼ϶˹ġ
ԳɽŻ˵ҲûʲôҲ֤ĿԽԽˣ߰ɣ
˵ͷǰһߵȴûж˵ʲôҲûѯʼ˵ɽѰʲô
ǰţôһСĹҲϰװɡ˵ɽҪٺĻƼҲ˸С֡ҪĹѨɽ棬ҲӦÿ쵽ˡ
ɽôеĺʵǾߣҲûҵһĹѨı־
ڼ˻ǰʱͻȻ͸о²ȵһҷһ۶
ⶴѨ֮ԵرĴ̶˵ĽŲͬʱͣĿ⿴졣˳ƽֵͲԼĽ£ͿԼĽ²һֻ⼣߰ߵذס
èԼȶϵذ׼ҲΧĿռѾܴˣΧҲǺӵ
ذù֮ϸԳɿһߵȴǶ˵СôѹŶȻˣ㲻ǰö
ǣŮЦ
첢ûǽĿͶԳɣʱԳ˵ӦִĶǹŶֵϾſԿӦмʷǿ⡣
ҡҡͷǣ˱һ
ԳʵǴǰǲɽ񶴣
ԼԴ˵УһģҪɽ񶴡û򵼣ֱģǴס˼ˡҲûпǵӰ
壬شƫƧһǲģЩ
ͷô˵ڶˣǼ߰ɣ
ԳҲǵͷʾͬ⡣
ǰȥǼ˵ֵǰһɨ̾ͷԼֵâһǽϷ
ѵߵɽͷ


75 
Ѩ֮лһذףذײʲôŴµĶĻɫ˵ʲôֻ˵ĹѨǰͱ˷ˡ
ѸƵذףôôĲãôʱھ⼣߰ߣ·ǳĶһ£ʪϢǲذ׼⼣ԭأ
ڼ׼ǰͬʱͷõƹǰ棬Ȼյһǽڡѵߵ˾ͷɡ
ѸٵǰȥͷԭⲢǶѨľͷһտڡ˹տ֮ȻһƱֱ
ĹģǰҪĶˣͲǰڵխڵĿȣҲ׿߶ȵûʲô仯
֮󣬼˼ǰȥûһᡣˣľͷһڡ
ţʯֱд֡
ʲô˼ʱԱߵһļ

ôˣһɫ
սս˵£УжѰ׹ǣ
ȥͿĽһѰ׹ǣ׹֮ϵ·ûиøɾ
ԼĿԿѰ׹ǾһȺִ˵ʬǡǴѰ׹ϴŵ·ִˣʱӦûǺܾá
Գ߽ǰȥϸĿ˿Ѱ׹ǣؿڵĲλһذס
Ѳʬϵذ׳֮˿˵ذ׸ǰ񵽵ǰذһͺš
˵ű㽫ذ׵ݸԳɣԳɽӹ˿ʾͬȻ˵ذףΪʲôû⼣
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գ㽫⼸ʮǮװԼĶ૵Ǹ
ӹе֤˿˵Ǯˣô
Գɽӹ֤˿̾һ˵ǮҲһСУξôˡ
Ҳ̾ϢһŮڵǻ˵ڸôߣš
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ҡҡͷ˵壬СлҪ˵
˿ЦǺǵ˵ʲô˵
쿴һ۽µİ׹˵˼Ȼŵǰ棬ſ϶ǻ·˵Ǳͬɱô˵㿴ذǴ˸һҪǴ̲Ҫ٣ô϶ǲ̾ڿеذô̡϶Ǵ̲ʲôҪĲλȻĻʱ򲻿ǽڶ£ֱſڵϲŶԡ˿϶Ǵ֮ӳģпܵľš˵˺ùŪ飬ôǾ͸Ӧš
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һҡͷͿʲô
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мӣߵ¯Ҳ˫΢΢ĺʮĿȴĶԶһһ㡣
һڻӣһⲻǰԼϼǸܵ﷢ֵıڻôһһ
ͬǣЩڻ֮⻹УһڻǻһĶߣж
ϸһⶫô
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һ֮˵ڻϵĶã㿴ﾹȻųŽǵߡһǵһοⶫǺǲ֪ʲô
ԳɹһЦ㲻Ǳ߻ӽҲ˵һ
ҡҡͷ˵ⶫݣһԵߡ
Ӻʵݣѵɡ
һѽӹ˵ݣһߵƷ֣
ӺԣһЦ
˿ֿ֮ʼǰȥɽ沢ô֮кߣһһ͡ӿݵĸо
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ǽڿʼǰߣǽڸǽе㲻ͬĸоǽڹ⻬ǲʪ󡣶ǽʪ󡣿ɼﲻʪȻǺܸ
ܵǽȫЩֵıڻǸо̫ԾڻÿһξͻһӵĹͷӣ޲Ķڷظвǣ·ͷӵ۾ʱʱڿԼһ㡣


76 ʯ
û뵽ɽоȻǰϼееıڻΨһͬıڻжһֶݡ
һ˼ǰǸо˫۾ڶԼǽϵıڻǹͷ󺺵۾·Լһ㡣зⲻҪģǽϵݱڻһ˫۾ʲôǶȿڵԼ·ʱҪԼһ㣬вˬ
һᣬĸ첲˵ûиое㲻Ծ
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ǰȺ˵ôʯŵġѵƿĲɣ
뵽ֿʼˣһʯš
ʯŶ˿
۵ĲУͶڵϿʼϢͳֻһѾˣеó׼ĸ㿪ʼ
ֻҲûźţҲֱֻܵãɽбźÿ˵ɽС
ԼͷĺˮֺһˮŸоеָ
˾Ա֮ͿʼҪָоܡ֪оڵϣǽ˯ˡ
˵ҲǺܺãͼ໥ţͶԳɺʮ㣬ת֪ʲô
ûһᣬ㱻˽ѣ˦˦Լ÷۵Դ
ż˵ڻ˯Ҫ˯ˣǶϽҰɣʲôطԵģ
˯֮͸ое򼱣ﻹŮҲǲ˼
˵һ䣬ͽֵͲ֮Ѩ淽ߡֻо˿Լʱ򣬰¿ӱ㿪ʼ
һϡﻩڶѨ֮ԶЦɵú
ãһȥû͸оԼĽ±һ¡һͷ˵ϡ
ﶯȫ˿ˣһЦ쳹վֵͲԼĶͿһǳԲʯͷڶѨһǡ
оʯͷе㲻ԾʯͷεķǳĲƽʯͷȴǱרŴĥһ㡣
źǰҪʯͷԼôôò
һе㲻Ծһ꣬ͼʯͷһ춯
ʱͻȻ͸оѨе𶯵ĸоô£ѵ
û뵽ǣͼѨͷǶʯǽʼĶ


77 Ĺ
һ򼱾ںڰĵطһ򣬵û뵽ǣԼصʱ򣬾ȻᱻһʯͷʯͷǳĹ⻬Ǳ˴ĥġǡɵǣԼһ֣ȻʯŸ򿪡
㶵Ŀʯţ˶ͶĿ⡣
¡һʯžͱȫ򿪡ѸٵĽֵͲȥͿһ۵ڼ˵ǰ
ΪʯŴ֮ĹѨû뵽ǣһ
ϣϣ¶һǷϡĻȽϹԡ
ͼǰ棬˵ʯѾ򿪣ܾܿĹѨˣȥ֮ǾҪԼıˡãǹʬ˭ҪоǹʬϵĶҪҶҪǶˣǶꡣ
һö۾Ϳʼð⣬ǵһ˽ȥһ߻ʹɫ·ȥ˾ʲôҲòˡ
һȽȥҲ̽ȥͬǣɵţ·ڻܲһ
ͼһȺˣԭǵĹİôôȱ£Ȼ˼ҵء
ĿͶһЦǾǳ뷹ģСֵܡڶߵˣò߰ɡ
ûгģһĺӡ
ȴ߽ļСֵܣôŰɡ͸ǽȥȥ֮ã˭õ˭ġ˭Ҳ˭ģҪȻҿɹܲ˻ô㣡
˵֮󣬳ʹ˸ɫͼӴһڻλεĶ
춨һⲻһǹ
ôЩһǹˡⲻΪɣҲԼɡ
һǰǹںڵǹڶԼƺһž߽ʯ֮С
һЦֶԺ˸úӰǹ֮żȥ
һʯţ͸ое㲻ôţ·խࡣһʼûоűеԾˡ
ˣµֳˣǰڡ¿ɾԥˣһ֮ұߵ˽ȥûйãڡ
¿鷳ˣһڽȥǻǰֳһڡ
¼˲ŸоԾҪǳֲҲͰˣÿڷ·һһ
һ¾й˷׷۵ڵϣǰĲڡ
漴ֳ˵㶫ʱ򣬺ӶԳ˵˵壬ôое㲻ԾôôãиڰҪȥ
ԳɽӹӵݸԼˮһ˵Ҳоˣе㲻Ծ
ʱӢ˵Ǹоԭشת
˵ܣһֱߵĲֱ𣿲ûת䰡
ͷϵĺˮ˲˵ҲǸоԾڴת
콫ܿ˿ƺôϤǾǲ֪Լǲظһ·һ˶۵ĲˡϾһˣɽ궴ġ⾫е
ʱ˵ˣͼ˵ҲǸоԾȷʵߵֱߣûֻصԭءҪôţϸǺţҪǻصԭأôԱ·ڡ
ܿ㱻ͬоӦôʱ򡣺ͳղŴǾʬȡذףһԵǽϿ̻һ͵ļǺš
һ΢Ϣһ£׼ʼ·
˷һͷڣԼһٶףͻȻǰֳһڡ
ʱ򣬼ѾеˣĺϤѸٵǽѰԼµļǺţûС
ҺõǣﲢûкµļǺšһ˳ĳ˿ҲǵģûкµļǺţôڡôȥԣҪһߴˡ϶군ˡ
ô죬ǰôûҵǺšҲ۵Ĳˡ
ҧʼȥһڡ˴Լǰͬľ룬ַһڡ
¼˵ľеˣҪôһֱߣ߲ͷĻǻڼ˵ϣǰһǽڣô֪˾ͷ
ʱţԭϢһ£Ϣһ֮ǰˣ·϶оͷģֻҪ֣ѨɽͨҲߵͷ
Ϣһ˲䣬۾ͻȻǽһֵķšһ²гǺŲǱľǺǰµļǺš
ûǰ棬
˵󣬲֪ʲôʱֶһڡԼʱֻһڣһڡҾźµĹͼǺš
߶µĺһ󣬾ͼ˳ָһ¾ͿĹ״ļǺš
¿ˣ˵ľͲǺܺãڵãһӽԼľ֧͸ˡлҪǼǰ߻ҵڡһӺֳһڣڻԼոսȥǸܲץ
ͼӣóذһǽϣҲǷϵڵϡȻЩⱳڣ˶ûע⵽ǰûע⡣սʱҲûעֻǰߣڵáֳڶԼո߹ģ⵽ǸȷĽء
ڸͷֲǸǽĿڣǸҪȥĿڡȫȻʧȥ˷УɽиҲȥ·ڡҪڳȥȻҲǳһ
ӻͳһŪһǾͿյĽһ״Ķ˦һߡԭղõһָ룬ɽ֮иͲã˷Ʒ
ʱͼԱߵԳ˵Ը磬ô죿
ԳֱֵͲ˿ܣ˵ߣߡӽȥ϶߳ȥ


78 ѵԪ
û뵽ǣȻˡҪҲȷĳڿҪȥĻɾ鷳ˡ
Ψһİ취ҪѰҵȷĳڣǼ˾ת˰ҲԭشתҪܳȥĻͳȥˡ
ڵϲϴϢļˣѾԣֻɵɵĿǸ״ļǺš
סǽڣ˵ģ˰ôûҵڡ
ԼĶƤ˵ǹĥ˵ģһгڡǰǲ˿϶ǳȥˣҪȻҲܿµĶʬ塣
Գɵͷʾͬ⣬Ȼ˵ţ˵Ĳ϶гڡϢһ£Ե㶫ȻټѰҡʳˮҪԼŵ㣬ǻ֪ҪĹѨ֮дء
콫ʳȡ˳Ȼ˵ȳԣ㹻;УǺú룬⣬ҪĻҲ
ԣþһܳȥǵϸ룬ﵽ⡣Ҫǿһǿ϶оˡҲǺܼᶨ˵
ӽѹһ̽У૵˵Ҫ˵ߣҿҿ̻Ǹе㲻ԾÿǴһ֮г任һλã֪ûע⵽
ӵĻĿ⿴Ǹ״ļǺţͿǸԭߵļǺţ֪ʲôʱѾܵм䡣
ѵ˵ԼƶɣҪԼƶǻˡ϶ûͷˣ˵ǰʱʲôûУһСѨѣڳһڣζʲôѵĻᶯɡ
콫Լ뷨˵˵ѨԼᶯȻǺԣҲǸոպýȥʱѨͶˡ
ʱ䣬պԼһȺһ׶Ѩ֮еõʱ䡣
һķоеҪһȺ˶һѨ֮ߣȻ֮ͻı䡣ⶴѨĲĻûеˡ
һ˾ۼһ𣬶Ŵ˵Ϊʲô߲Ҫʲô²뷨Ķ˵
ʱʲô뷨ˣԪռ䣬²֣˵ǸػᶯΪط϶һ
ô죿
ѵҪһһԲɣ
һȺһһ˵šһ
һЦҲˣҪȻô
Գһ¾վȻ˵ˣоһһЩԣ򵥵Ǹǽÿһ·ھ͵ñһ£´ξͲҪȥҪʲô˵صĻô϶ͿƳ
Գһ仰;ˣ̾Ϳʼжһ¶վ
ͷʮĿʼ߽Ѩ֮УһһĿʼԡ
һѨ˾˵ǼӿŲǲǻأҪǻصĻôؿ϶ʱƵġҪжһĻ˵ҪǻǾܷˡ
Ǻãڼ˵漴Ѹٵûһͨ˰׵ĶѨֿһڡûзʲôҲûиоԼĽƶĶ
еʧһѾûˡļҲǷǳ֪ܲС
ҪеĻǾͺ˵ˣ϶ҵƽķ
˳֮󣬾еʧǻϵĹȻѾûˡôǾһ֣ӸϽǺüǺš
һ֮ͱǺüǺţ˾ͿʼѨ֮صתֳȥȥֽ֮ػصڵĽǰڶʶ֮ŴڵϿʼŴ
һߴһ˵ѾԶѾûˣʣˡһǣǱסˣһﴦŵĵطԪռ䡣˵ɣô죿
һ¾ͳԼǹȻ˵ǹһҪֱĻôӵͻɻҪǲǵĻôӵ϶ǽϡ˵ǹӵٶȶÿ׵ٶȣطлصĻҲԳٿ죬Ҳ첻еӵɡ
һ룬һ㶣ҪʲôԪռĻһӵҪǻˣǻˡǲɹֵģҪֵĻԼ϶;쵽ˡûʲôûʲôԼĲʸСҪʲôĻܽһȺ˸Ի󡣿϶ɢһʱ˿϶ܸоʪ
漴Ͷż˵ҪԪռĻǻýǹ˸
һ㶣Ҳ뵽ҪԼĻԼԼ²ɡӵֱߵģ¿ô졣
һŪһ˾ͿӽǹڵϡԼİǹ档ȻִӰҳһϸߣǹ̶Լİֽ֮ʣϸ߰ǹİϡ
ǰһ׺ʲôһӿɵʵһ㶼ɵһŪ϶ʹԼˡҪһ۵Ļӵ϶ȥȻȻٴǹϡ
һ룬Ҫӵǻˣǹˣǹˡ
첢û֧ǹˣҲǶкôġܱȺűȽϺãϾ֪ˣҪǹָԼԼʲôġ˵Ҫ߳ĹҪǼ⣬ԼҲΣյĺܡ
ͼӷѾĽǹ̶֮󣬾ͿˣЦӴ
ӺٺһЦͽϸһͷץԼУԼƫǹڵĹȻżʾ⡣
źϸһľ죬ɽ֮лص
۾һʱɵˣͼǰѷڰϵǹ˺Զ


79 Ĺ

һͼӼϵǹͷ
˵ɵɵĿűɵǹЦݶһ𡣲֪˶ãͼӣһƨڵϡ
Ŀ⼸Ȼ͵ؾԼһӣſǱɵǹ
૵ĵѽҸ˵ˡԪռ䰡
˶˵ϣɵɵĿǸɵǹҲһȻ޷ʵҪ˵ԪռĻôѨûгȥĿˡ
νԪռǣؿռĵӣҪԪռ䡣һȺ֮УһߣһֻصԼλá
Ԫռ䣬϶һ㣬Ҳ൱һ߰һ㴩ʱԼһֻߣһֻͳȥˣصԼһֻŵĺŸ
һ뵽ԼһȺ֮УǰԼ滹ԼԼһǸģһһ硣붼ͷƤ飬оǣԼǸʱԼһȥˣԼĺһԼԴȻԼͲ֪ҪͻȻ֮䣬һԼǰһԴʲô
һܾʰɣҡҡͷڵǺϣǹĺ£ҪĻԳȥҪǽ磬ǻ
һ¾վż˵Ҳţ϶֡
˵űóԼеС죬־СڵϡͼС첻ϵڵתû쳣
׳С죬е㷢㶡Ȼʵֵİɣ
һ㶣Ȼ˵ţǣ
Ƿǳĸ꣬Ҳһ֪ھҪһ־ҪȻĻû˶־ʲôûˡ
е㷢˵ô£
ȻѾʧȥǰּ飬ǹɣе֧ˡ
콫СȻ˵϶ǹۣǽһϣһֵ۵Ǹ˵۵˿϶ᱻԻ߳·϶ֱģҪǱ۵·תǲŻ»صǿӵ϶Ҳǹ¡
һͣʱü»ϣҪеĻ϶Ϳ߳ˡ
˵̾ͽϵ·һ鲼һӦ˵Լͷںӵ
һӦ֮󣬾ͿʼͿǰԴʼţ˾ﶢţŵı
Ϳ˽ʧںڰ֮УûһͿ˴Ĳ֮˳
ȥһѾͽӵϵĲƬק˵ˣûϣˡѾģ
һסˣ˭жʧɫ
֮һȺ˶һԡеĸо˭룬ﲻԾҪԪռ䣬ǼľҪ
վ˵ͬ˵϶Ҫ֪ҲԸı˵·ߣ˵ǸطĲһһ·϶ǵûصԭˡ
ڵһɣ˵ôҳҪҲĻǻ
֮󣬶ż˵СֻǲⶨһλĴСģĲǲҼǵһְ취жϵûһѰ
һ˵׷
ͷ˵ԣ
ͷ˵ǰǿСûʲôӦΪû۾Ҳһָŵİ취׷ǰҵùǰⷨôʩչġ
Ļ˵֪˵֮󣬻ʹȫƣ͡Ҳûа취ˣҾʩչɣ
˵ţı֮ó㣬һ㱡һȻڱ֮ϡ
ôȼ֮ڵϡϥ֮ż˵Ҫˣ֪ôɡ
ͷʾ֪ͼʼȲ˫ֱסɺ״ʼ
ûһͿʼӴƮϿգûз磬ֱߵ
ûһᣬͿ̿ʼ䣬һɹɵ̬ƮһڰĽ䡣
óֵ͵һǸ䣬ͿһںĶݷʲô
ҲȷⶫǲҪǿżһĶԱߵĺӽɵǹֲû𻵡
˵ĿͬʱҪǸɫĶѾǹ˨ˡ
õƹ˿ʼߵʱ򡣼˲ŷⶫһεĺɫ͵һһƤ򣬵ϸһüͳһ
ⶫһͷ˵ͷ泤ֻһС֡ЩСֽĿǽڣǼ˲ûп棬ֻⶫı棬Ҳǿһѵͷ
ЩͷͺˣҪٿָʲôء
һ;ˣһȻеŻ˵˼еǹͳǹ
һҪѾˡͼӵֱӴĺԴϡ
һ£һ¾ͿС
Ǹһ¾ͷķֽУһʧںڰ֮С
켱æⶫˣֵҪûôˣⶫĹ
캰֮󣬼˾Ϳʼֵ翪ʼȻⶫܿ죬ٿ죬Ҳǿ첻⡣
ֵĹâһ¾ⶫ¿ǿⶫˡ


80 Ĺ
һӿǿˣһ¾˻Ƥ
Ϳһ棬һŮ˵沿üĿ㣬һ㣬Ů˵沿ϳĸСǰСצӡĸצӸպù״Ĺǽϡ
˫۾һˣ˫üһϵ촽ĲУ֪ĨʲôĲС
ӴеĵطŻӣһȥĵĲСᶯͷ켸˿˷
ֵס֮󣬺Ҫǹһ¾ͽӵǹӵһ졣Ȼǲ
źӽ͵ҿǹǴˡҲⶫаغܣӵܶԸ˵ġȲҪҶôʰ
һĻһ
˵ң
һ죬ȻǶҪæе㲻ˬ
Ҳûа취콫еذõ֮ȻȡһŻƷͷ״Ĺ
ĹҲһóǰذ֮󣬱ܵһȻǶеذеɵ
ֻĹһƤһ㣬ĸǰצӽĿǽڡɢź⿴죬Ȼ׼Ϯ
еذףҪһС϶ⶫҲᰲβסҪһ죬ɾҪˣǶСצӿûʲô
Ҫһ£ץ˵ϣǳԲ
ⶫзҪ˵ˡ
߳
һȷѣһ¾һΣһƲͶϮȻذ洦һһ¾ͽһֻǰצӸ
ͷһ˵ĿǳĴ̶СҪϸ
찵һֵһ£һ¾ͿʣµֻǰצӹǽڡлᣬȴǻɫҺ壬ǸצӴҺһġ
ȻһҪҲҺǱⶫʱȽϾԶɢһĸϢ
ż˾еģ콫еذײ˲ȻĿֱһֻצӵĹͿĹҲƲ죬ǷǳһŮһ㡣
ԽǿԽǷͻȻͿǰĹ仯һŮӡ
һŴŮһ㣬ɢ˵룬΢Ц
Ůӣ½ΣɫҺ죬ǹŴ¥Ůһ㣬롣һΪԭʼ
͸оǰŮӣʼƽԼһһߵĽ⿪Լϵ·Ƿۺɫ½ʼ䣬ȻһŮαװԼ£¶Լʵջ
˦˦ԼԴŽԼȥԼ룬ǷǰòǳŮӶ֡
Ŀ
ͻȻһ͸оԼļһʹһ
ֻǰСצӵԴſԼļϣɭ׵һھҧԼļϣһ˿˿Ѫʹӱ͸
һĳʹȻѡŮԼԺˡóԻãҪڼ͵ĹѨ֮ˡ
һ¾סԴͦҧǰʹ
ϵļ˺ҧǸʹ
һͳ嵽ߣ˫ץסĹԴק

ҽһһͽԴƵضļϸק
ק֮͵һ¾ơ
ƣһ¾Ͷڰ֮УһȺ˵ֵͲڶţʼĴѰҡ
͵һգһֶһǹǹ
ⶫĳʹصܣһͳȥóеưذһ¾ʹԴϡ
ԴƵضһ˻˶֮󣬾û˶
콫ذ˦ڵϣڵҪһ¾ͻ˻ҳ
ɰ׻֮󣬼˶һɡȻٿǸڣһ֪һҲʧˣʣһڡ
ʲôھûġ
˶һİ¿ɺˣ˰ԼȻԭشת϶һҵĽӡ
ͬʱ˿¿Լǰˡ
һߺ˾Ϳʼǰ
ռ𽥵ıѨڡ
û˶þͿһĹţ˲ûΪĹŶԵĸˣҪĹǴ򿪵ܽȥĻֺһ£Ĺǽյġ
ſյĹ֮ǰͭɫĹΪԶԵеɣ
ʯţʯ֮Ͼһﻨơŵ䣬ݣ컹ǵһοŴĹš
ǰҲڵϿھԼǰе㲻š
ĹϵĻƣ˶е㷢㶡ʱ򣬳Ӣȴ˵ôȥҪ֪ĹſǺܺġ
óһСĹãͷ˵Ĺʮֵĺȡ
Գɵͷ˵ȥĻȻǲôýȥҪһؽȥĻǲܵģֻܴҪ֪ŴĹѨǷġֱܴӽȥ
һԳ˵ɽܶʯô
ԳɹһЦֵܣͲõˡӲȲȵ㡣
ӹһЦͿʼĴĿҲ֪ڿʲôҶ
컹һҲ˳ż˵ǰһӦҲȥˣôȥġѵǵô
˵꣬ӴЦ˵ҵˣҵˡ


81 ĹѨ֮
Ӳ֪Ƿʲôˣһ˵ӡԳ˵ҵˣܵ
켸Ҳ˹ȥͿָһѷϹ
ͼ˵ӣȷ
ӵͷ˵϶ҲиСѷ죬ĵطʲôûСҪǲ²ĲɣǰһȺ˾ĵ
ǺãöʼְɣҲ˵
һôԭǰǻ˴ĵ
ĺӵļ򣬶ź˵ˣʼɣ
˵žкӺԳɿʼһЩҲ֪ʲôͿóⶫһƵصĶ
֪۵һͷСһͷ⡣רġھǰǻµĵ
ķ϶Կطǰ˶ģﱻ˺ָŪˡ
û¾ŪһҲ֪ǰǻôŪľȻʯͷһ
û¾ʯͷͳһҲǺܴ󣬾൱һôϸǵˡ
ǰǲ˾ǴҪǱ΢ļӹһ£ƻҪС
ϸĲУպÿװһˣǽȥ֮Ҳ൱Ŀխһ㣬Ҳûʲô¡Ҫ̫˾ͻױ˷֣ʱˡ
˵ڵ⵹ģЩЩ͵ġ
ǶλҪûжλʹ򲻽ȥһ¾ʹˡ֪ˣĹѨǻǰ״
Ҫ˵ⶨλһ㶼Що϶ӲСȻĻҲطⶨѨһǽͷˮ򡣵λõȣദжǲйĹ
ҪǶѨ֮Ǵ㡣Ҳҵ㣬Ҵλá͵ÿ˵ļˡѰѨһͻ㵽ϣһһ㶼ֱӴĹҡ
صģͷһһʯס˶һһ˴ϸĵһºˣиǾʡ¶ˣٲԼڡʡʱʡˡ
ҵ֮ټ׼ȥҪǽȥ֮Ǿͺ˵ˡ
Ȼȷ棬ĿӱС͵һһ
ӽȥ֮󣬼˱̽ȥԳɵһȥ֮ͲӵоĻţһſŹȥͲ¡еĵط˲У͵ſŲУϾǵôҪǸѨƵǵ÷Ѷٹ
Ҫ˵ҲЩͷ˴򶴵ʱһ㶼ˣһһƽһ˾ɢĵûһͲᱻ˷֡
ȥ֮󣬾͸оһͷҲô£ɽӦʯŶԡ
콫ԼʸЦЦ˵ĹѨȫɽʯҪĹѨĻײľ͵ûʲôĶ밡պһӣҪȻȫʯͷʹ򲻽ȥ
ŶһЩҲǰ붮ҪԼĻûǸʵʡ
һţһСĸ졣϶ǣҲõ
ֱִƵأȻһСտڣһտڲ֪ŤˣȶȻûеͷеʧȥġ
ߵˣϾҪĹѨˣеŸС
ǰĺͻȻͣŲŲź˵ǰǾͷˣλҪСһ㣬Ҹое
룬ĹѨʲôһ˺һѵƷ
Ǿһ˴
źӾͨһȥźһˡ
죬ͿĹѨĶϣͲԱߡ澹Ȼ׵ĸ߶ȣ¿ˣҪȥǵˤȲɣҲ֪ǰĺôȥġ
ԥĺӾͶ캰Ͻ
һüͷ۾ȥ
ͨһͶڵϣ͸оеƵءֵ֮ҲûʲôͿҲ̴ӵгĹѨ֮С
¿ǽĹѨˣֵգûзʲôǸյģʲôûСѵֻǸҲɡ
Ϳӿ˶֮˵磬ôоԾôʲôûУյ˵һĹҲǲҰɡôһյĵطǸҡ
ҡҡͷ˵ûϵҿҲûʲôѰѨ˼ôأʲôֵĶûС
ֵܵǽգﲢʲôûУһӣҲ֪װʲôġ˿϶ʲô鱦һģҪ鱦Ļ϶ǰһ˸ʰɾˡ
Ҳǳף׵Ĺ񣬸ҲסҲǺСҪһҵĻô϶ĹѨҪܶࡣ
ûֵĶ֮һüߡǾڼ׼ߵʱǸܷĹͻȻһ¡
̸о;ѵǻزɣԳɴһϽſ£
˾ǻеԵſ˵طǵãҲûʲôһ麹Ȼվ׼ǹãֹˡ
ͼ˵Σ²ʲôöעһ㡣
ĿǾһһҶ˵ľһ
ѽһⶫȻᶯʲôɣԳɶһ£Ȼ˵ôǻҪǻ϶ˣ
һ亹аʲôɣ
ϾҪӽˣͻȻӵĸһ¾ʹ˿ðһӰʶľͽԼı
Ҳ֪˵һ䣺Сģж


82 
ĹѨ֮ͷһӣΪⶫûʲôû뵽ȻᶯһһӰ̣ʶľͽԼıӿڸ컹ŵһӹζ
ǰһң֪ô£ѵжˣ
ŵǹζһӳζ͸оԼԴе㷢ͣͷԿʼԺУԱߵȥԼҲһӻȥ
˶ȥ֮ĹѨ֮еİ̽ˡ
Լ˫ۣԴǵĲУȫǺڰͿʲôԼϿʼֵ磬һ¾һӲĶ
ֵ磬콫˳ȥȻһ󣬲ŷԼֵ硣
ֵ֮ͷܼ˶ڻڵϣһ۾Ϳ˹ȥڱǿ׵λ̽һ£ŷϢ
Ȼ˶Ķֻǻԣѵ˵ⶾΪʱԶôˣ
һἸ˶ӳ֢״ͷ΢ʹǶûд󰭡
ֻǸӣѾˡ
ʰö֮󣬼׼ǰѰĹ
֮ŭһ䣬˭֪ĹѨǻİô¡Ҫǵľ綾Ļ˭ƫƫǣڸʲôá
֮ʰñ㿪ʼǰߣһұһų˵ͻȻһֲõԤУĹѨ֮Ļ⣬δе̫ˣʮס
ü˽ֵĹ˼ѣϾ֪ҪãǻһĻҲ֪˶ãȫʧȥʱֻûˡʣµֵͲĵⶼЩȻе㲻ˡ
ھͿֵ磬ǰе谵ҲֻҪǲʡŵҪû˹Դǻ
һƣʾͣ¡
˵طеŹ֣ǰȥĹѨûôое㲻ԾܻлءߵʱСһ㡣
ĹѨ֮Ҫ˵лغĹѨ˵ȽĲˡ˵ǻ൱ĸߣ˴ͳ壬֮⡣ȽĻ壬˵ĹѨ֮лмʯ㡣ʯͷֻҪ˻أʯͷͻϲһгЩʯͨڡ
˵ͷʾףʼСǰ
ȻǺףӾǸ첻µزµ֣ʲô¶Ҫǰ˾͸ںӵ
ӲϹ棬ҪǽĹأŲͣǵٴҲĹѨ֮УرĴһСľͻԼ
ĹĻغӻЩģźӴӱóǰһһ㣬̽ǰҲ൱ȻǸںӵ󣬵Ҳұ֤ԼȲϣҪЩĹеĻضΪԶеĻѾǺ鷺ҪǴĶˣػῪû
ӿеᣬȥ֪ʲôʱ򣬲ŻᵽĹҡصٶȻûڹߵĿ죬Ҫȥû߹ȥѾˡ
ͻȻ͸оԼĽһʱ亹˳ŲҲͣסˡаѾԼҲ̫ùһ¾Ͳȵ˲ɡ
Ȼ룬ͲҶȻ˺һ
һͷ춨ﶯҶʱ͸о漴ʹһſ£
ڵ񾭶Ѿеˣһʶľſ˵ط㶵Ŀ졣
ֵĹâҲϣͿһ亹
죬Ҳ亹ֱѾĸ㲻þҪ
춨ﶯҲҶϴŵǰֵһԼĽ£һԼĽݽһ鷽ש档ʱŷ֣ȫǷשǰΪʯͷء
˵ĿⶨĽ£һĶǧҪ
ͷʾףа룬ԼôôùһӾͲȵˣ˵ѣǲԼҲҶҪһ䲻˵׼ͻǽðһöԼɴա
վӣ˵ȲҪҹȥ
ѣſڵϸͲҶЩǲۣԼҪġ
Сߣͷһ첻ҪͲҶ亹ͰԼĺ󱳸ʪ͸ˡ
ſһǶеİӣѻظˣĽû̧ܵ˵ػûз
һüͷһ壬Ҫǻضˡ¾군ˣ˵ֻǧҪҪǶˣ군ˡڻػûȫҪȫ군
ѹ˵ҲĻѵﲻɣ취ҡ
ۿһ˵Ҳ˵Ҳ㣬ؼǧҪ۴һƽ⣬ҸͲ֪ҵ뵽һ취
˵ô㻹ҪҰҪҾͽ̧һһ군
˵Ҫƽ̧ӣһϽ˵Ҳô¡
˵֮󣬾ͶźһȺ˵зĶóң
һϽϱŵĶ˳һҡҡͷ˵У̫ˣ
һҶԼĽŶе㷢飬˵壬ɵÿ㣬ҵȶˡ
һѾʼȥ϶ֲ˶á
һź˵ѶӺʹӸֻһ취Կɲˣ
亹ֱð˵Ҫʲôã
ӽзһ£˵ţ
Ӻʹӽӵ֮󣬶˵Сӣ֪ˣ


83 ͼ
Ҳǹùģһ¾Ͳȵİϣһ¾ʹ˻ءԼҶԼȶʼ顣
ıͱ亹͸ҪȥԼ϶ֲ˶á
ҪӺͶӣ˵Լİ취ҪеûͿˡ
ͼӷĽ£ĽŵӣһӾȥ
Ϳںڰвһ𻨣Ӿûʯͷһ߶˵ӽʯשסͿˣⶤմ˼ѪЩʬģû뵽£Ҳ˷ѡ

ûһᣬʮֳĴӾͶשͷ棬̧ǺԴ˵ˣĻ̌
ʱȶѾˣĽص̧˵ĿⶼǶ˫ȣͿ콫̧ǱȥʯשһΣҪȴոնȥĳס
û£˶ǳһ㶼̱ȥա
֮󣬼˼ǰǻû߼Ͳһ
ոձȥĳһ¾͵ʯשƽϡ
һſ£ವļƿܵǽϴ
ৣৣ
ʹߵǽϷ˳ſڵһҶеӶߺХƿյ亹ֱ
ಣಣ
Ҳôӵʱ䣬ǽϵڶǽϷĽײ
ҲôһСᣬڵϵѾмʮֻ֮ࡣ
һôͽ˸ŻˡϾޣһû˶˽Դ̧һȫӡ
ЩΪʱԶѾ⼣߰ߣǼβëѾʱݲûˡ
Сֱӣһ˿ŻѾҲվ
ƲƲ˵ѾģգҪǰһӣ϶ꡣ
Ҷû£˱˵ˣ߰ɣߵʱŲ㣬ЩǴģҪͷǻöҪ
վӣϵĳģҲǰľʵ̫ˣҪһСģԼСûˡ
ŮҲ亹ֱɫࡣȻһŮǿˣвʱⶼ¶ԼŮ˵ıԡ
ӼͷѾһˣҪȥҲҪܾáزֻһҪǰٳʲôӡѶԸ
ûһᣬǰĺӱͣ壬Ѿˡ
Ĺ˵ӣָЩѶԸ£һаʲô˰ɡ
ȥһȻǰһͼӣ滹һЩֵַ
ԾǻֻҪһȴ϶ꡣ
Ӷ˵ӣô죬߷ӣҿǲ֪ôߡ
ֵ磬һǰ棬ȻϾһЩӣһķӷֳһСһСķӡȫһЩַ֣
һߵԳ˵Ը磬㿴ⶫǸôߣ
ԳҲЩͷһӵľ϶ǲ١
ԳȥһҲǰüͷⶫʲôԳҲ˵Ͷż˵ⶫǰһЩż֮пӦͼҵȱߣôߣҲֻ֪һϵשûлصģש϶ЩءҪǲȥͲ˵ˡ
Ҫ˵ڼ˵λãľͷǰһտڣ߾Ҳ͵ĹҡϾȻһͼĻأ¿Ϊˡ
Ҫ˵ǶԵĹзЩǣΪʹԼڵ˯Ƿ˲ٵԽԼĹѨʼ˵ɣĹѨǻأʷ˵û˸ҶʼʵĹѨֱڿƼôҲҶʼʵĹѨھ
ʼʱϾֻһĻʵ۾ûôˣһ˯ĵطľʣ¹ײİˣʷĵĲܲٵĹѨֺȻҲ˵Ը̾һµĶôͨ
һ֮̾쿴ǰǸͼʽĻҲɷԽҪǹȥʲôضûˡ
Գɿ֮˵ֻˣҪǲȻĻǿ²ǹȥ
ʵףʲôף
Գҡҡͷ˵
Ϳʼ֣TMĻ粻˵ҪԼϣ
ԳһͲˣȻǶĻе㲻˵Сӱ֪ôȻһϣ
ҪԳɶһץס֣ʾҪ˶Ÿɣлǹء
һӵǹȥˣһԱ̡߳
ͻȻЦ˵Ҫڧлú˵Ҫ˺ôھһ·Ǿ͵ôߡ͵ÿİ취ҲûУôŰɣ˭ȥҪ˭ȥǳȥ֮һ˸ʮǿô
ʱ˭Ҳˣ˵⶷ǵ˻ǵˣǵ˳ȥ֮ˮҲһõĵǮ
ʱӣվ˳˵Ҫ
һ˳ˮǾͺðһ˶ֺˣΨһ˵˾ԳɣӿǸԳһģһͷˣӶԳ𾴵ĺܡҲǹǲһϵһϵͷˣԳɣӻǸŮĳӢһˡȥİ׸ɡʣµľǸŮһ˾Լȫˣ֪Լ˵һ·ĬĬĸڼ˵ҲҲ˵
һֺǺǵĵǾͺֵˣȥ֮ǮԲġ
һͼö׼½šʱԳ˵ˡ


84 Ŷݼ
žͳһͼûأ¿סˡ׼ˮǸˣҪжԳɾ˵ˡ
ͼԳߵ˵ȵȣһᰴ˵ߣ
ӵͷ˵壬ģ
ҲǶ࿴Գһۣ֪ڸʲôãѵԳɻквɡ
ƺǸܵ˵Ŀ⣬Գɶż˵ڹѧнţҲһ󷨣΢Ķһ㡣
ʱֹЦŰߵ˵ԸǣѧĻԱ
Գɽߴ̧һ£Ȼź˵ӣ֣
󿴿Ȼ˵ţ
ӣһֻķϲû˵ĿҲںӵĽϣҪǺߴ˴˻أ˿϶Ҳꡣ˵ǣһ˶վͬһϵġǺӵΣոһ㡣
ӽһֻŷȥ֮󣬳һûлطԳɻЩͣڵҲźӵĽŲ
ֽһֻŷǿְשϣȻ˵壬¸ôߣ
ԳһǱͺڵڱ࣬Ȼ˵еأ㿴ǰһûе֣
ĿѰһȻ˵У룿
Գɵͷ˵ԣ֣
ֽķڵϣվ壬Ȼ˵壬¸ôߣ
վ֮󣬼Ҳǳһ
Գɽ˵֣֮㿴ǰһʲô֣
ֵͲǰһȻһƹͺţһķš
ԳɳĬһᣬȻ˵еرһ֣
ӵͷŽŲ档Ȼûдأש˶ûдأȻЩȷ·ڵλѾǰľͷԶˣѾѾһˡһשĳȶҡ
ٴκû壬ǰ滹ĸ֣ǬǸ֣
Գɶڵϣóеһӣڵϲ֪ڻʲôȫһЩֵַͿԳǺˮȻڷļʲô
Щʱ䣬Գ˵ȺǸɵţǬ֣
ŶһŰԳ˵ڲŲһһλãȻǰǬ档
ӽǬϵʱשͻȻһŵüͶڵϾлشҲſʯשϣء
һҲû˲ͷϵĺˮա
ҲվȻ˵û£ûдأ廹שôߣ
Գóһͷϵĺˮɾֶ֮ڵϿʼʲôԱߵ쿴ۻҡ
ͼԳ˵ǰǼשʲô֣
ֵһ£Ȼ˵Ǹ֣һǰУ
ԳֶڵϿʼһ֪ڼʲô
Գվ˵˵ַ棬Ȼǰߵ棬Ȼǰߵϡ
վӣԳ˵һһš˵ĿͶںӵϣ·ӾԼһգ۵ĹӻʧǰߴԱһ
˳ûзʲôزûдӻ˿˵壬ǰһשˣڸôߣ
ԳֶڵϿʼ㣬Ϳڵϻȥģ֪˶ֲַ˶ٵַͷϵĺˮѾ˳˵ϡ
ԳɽʵǰʲôַȻӾʹһֺһ֣שУשûС
ԳŶһڵϹһ˵ߵ֣
ӵͷںӵٶѾǰ࣬ڲѾԳɡһ¾ǿ棬Ȼ͵ͼĶ档
ûзӦûлأһ¾ͷȻԳվԼͷϵĺˮһȻ˵ˣǵҪʮ򡣡
Ҳһ¾վЦһ˵ǣǣζ˺ӣԸ磬ҪȻֻܿȥҪȻ϶ǹⶫġ
Գ΢΢ЦŰ֮ҲԶƤëãûˣǹȥɣҪʱĹѨ֮еʱԽãԽΣա
ҲŶݼ׵һ֣ഫŶݼ֮ڻƵ۵ʱھУǸʱǧ֣һԽԽ١ഫڻƵ۴սȵʱ򣬵ʱƵεרŴԼŶݼ֮ʱһǧʮ֣ܳĽ̫ʯˣ󴫵֮־һŻγɽŶݼ֮
Ŷݼ䷶ʷʱİ󣬾򵥵üʯͷǻǿԼĵˣɼŶݼ֮ǰȴһּ򵥵󷨣ӦҲǳŶݼС
벻ǣԳɾȻᶮŶݼһ󷨣Գز¶
һ˰պǰ߹·Ƶ˹ȥһô˻ءãûзʲô£һ·ܵ˵ǱȽ˳
ȥ֮󣬺Ӿ˵ղǹ֮ǰĹ΢תһ£ϾҪĹˣҺ֣ﾹȻĹңÿĹ֮жһײģҲ֪ǸĹҡ
˸չ󷨣ȻǰһߣȻĹ֮СͼĹͬеķһ㣬ĹңÿĹҶǵͬСÿһĹ֮жһײġ
ȿײľһЩЩܾܿһĹ֣Ҫ֪óıĹ֣ĹԻĹһԻ֮⻹һЩɱĶ˵ӣҲ˵ʬ


85 Ź
Ǹͼ֮ſĹѨӣ컹ǵһοһĲ֣е̻̣һͿһĹ֡
ĹͬĹңĹ֮вûӵһЩӺͽƱ֮Ķ򵥵Ĺ״˻һЩǾһЩ˵ʬǣȻǰǲµʬǡ
ĸʬǣڶڵǸһ帱ʬǡ
Աߵ˵㻹ǵãǰǲһж𣿡
˼һ֮˵ҼǵòҵʱҲûע⣬ϾֻҼùдһ϶ѡ
ͷ˵˵Ѿ帱ʬǣҪ˵ĻôЩ˶ӦˣҪ˵Ļѵ˳ȥ˲ɡ
ԳķŪһЩʬ֮˵Щ˶Ǳ˿ģôҵǲ֪ܣ㿴Ǹײ滹дʱĺۼǿЩǺ˵ģûй˵ЩʱǾһ֮ġ
˿˵ǹʲôö˶Ǿˡ
˵֮׼ַԼǰǸײİˡ
ʱ˵ˣȲҪЩ϶εġǿײİ壬ҪǸĹֵĻô϶ô򵥣㿴ЩײĶһʯϣϹŴײصĶӣײһǲܰŵģĻᴥ˿϶թʬȫԡ
ʱʾҪҶ϶ô򵥣ҪȻôЩ϶Σյġ
һ¾Ͳ˵ˣʱ˵֪᲻ʲôɾĶҪЩ϶Ū
˵֮ڵϿʼŪȻҳһֳַˡ
쿴ݹĿ˵Ǹʲô
˵ǹأеģײǰһҪϿ֣ҪȻ˵Ҫǽȥˣɾ鷳ˡҪ׹ǻãҪʲôʬĻǻüɵʬء
ҡҡͷ˵ĻеģҪ˵˹ײ֮УôЩȥĹŶQҪĻ϶˭ܡ
һӻһأǾǿ֮ǰҪȼһ;ˣҪóĶԭȻߵͷˡҪȻĻ϶ᱻ
ʱܾܿͲ㿪ݣΪĲֲԾҪóȻݵĻܾܿͻʬ壬ͻʬ
콫ִϣȻ󿴿ĵطڹײģоطе㲻Ծ϶ǸĹ֣ҪȻŴЩҲ
ʱ˵طһĹ֣ҪûǴĻĹӦŹס
΢΢ȣһ·ϼĵͲ֮£һ˵ȻĹ֣͸뵽ĹŹס
ʲô˼Ź׾ڹײͬʱᣬмǿھף߷ֱǲסмڹײװ˵ģĹײҲ˵ҡ
Ź׳ͥҪһͬΪŹ׵ۣһػˣԴϴﵽͬЧ˵һ
ôһжϣĹӦþĹˣĹôô󡣿Ȼ꣬ҪЩǻƵۻŪǡ
췴ʵΪʲô˵ڹײŹף
ָڹײ˵㿴ЩײĵĲֱ֣һ׺ڲףպĹҵĻߵľҡҵļоŹף㿴׵λã׿ڶĹڣζʲôҲ˵ڹײĲϴˣߵֻҵĹײġ
ȷʵû컹һûŪףǾڹײĴһͺŵĹײģ˵Ź׵һСŶԡ׵Ĺ״ΪʲôŵأԾҪе˳Ϊô
ٿڹײģײĵͺŶһӵģľĵԭ϶ϺõľľͷɵĹײĿ϶ϺõĹײһòġжĹײģҲǹŴ̵Ĺײġ
뵽Щ΢΢еʧԱߵԳȴ˵ôˣôϸĵİã϶һĹģ϶ǻ꣬Ҿǲ֪⵽˭ġ
Ҫ֪һطǹŴܿǻҲ˵׼Ҫ˵ĻײȻľҲ̫˵㣬һĻʵۿɶʯͷġеǻƽףˮ׶С
ǻʵٽڼҲԼĹײϿԼҪ֪һڹŴĽǹϵ˵ġ
컹˵˳ҪǻĻôŹףľͷײģҪǻʵ˯طɲ̫ڼ˵㡣ߣҲûпʲôģƷһ궼дģƷġ
Գɿһڹײģ˵ֻߵΪĹѨֻǸնҸоǰ滹иĹҡ
һȻ˵ôܶûͨˣͨĹңĶҲ̫ˣ߰˸֮ࡣһǵһοôĹѨѵͲǹŴĸʲôģ͵͵Ĳɣ
ԳɹһЦǲܣҪ֪޽ĹûѶǸɵйҲ޽ĵϣҪ֪޽Ĺһص£ٵ϶ʮꡣһɽ֮УҪ֪ŴûʲôеʵĹߣȫ޽ġ
컹ǲţҪ˵ĶңǶЩⲢûеĺȻԳ˵ڹײôͣ
Գɿڹײ˵ڹײģҪµĲĻӦǿյģ
ʲôյģ
˶Գ仰ˣ˼Ŀڹײġ


86 
ĹѨ֮󣬾ȻڹײģҪһĹѨֻһײģȴǷڡôĶңûзʲôƷѵĹѨǰѾ˻ǱһѨ
ڹײķֱĹ֮УмǿڹײԱߺ˵żʬǣ⼸ʬȻǰǲ˵塣Щ˵ôģѵĹѨ֮лʲôܲɡ
ԳɾȻ˵ڹײǿչףȻе㲻ʵʣҪ˵˼ʮĹΰĹңѵΪ˷ڿչײĲɡҪҪôǹ˷ˣҪô켸˵˾ˡ
һ۲ŵ˵Ը磬˵ڹײǿյģ
Գгһ˵ţҲµĲĻڹײӦþǿյġ
΢һҡ˺˼˵ܣҪײǿյģôλʲôʲô߼˵ڹײǿյġҲš
Ȼ˭ڹײǿյģҪǿյģôηѾĹص廹ʲô
˵֮һӳȥײƿĳ嶯ǻսʤԼڿɲ׵Ĵ򿪹ײģҪڴ򿪹ײĵĻǺ˵ʬǾһӡ
Գļѵ˵ҲһһڹײǿչΪһ·ϲûʲôأûпһƷһɵĶ룬ҪһĻôʲôʩأõЩҲֻܶԸЩеġҪоĵģǲסǣڹײֻǰڸ˿ģҪǿĹĻôĹ˵󣬶Թ˵󡣡
һüͷԳ˵ȵȣ˼˵ĹҲǿյģڹײֻǸն滹ŲɣԣҪĻ⼸ʬôͣǿչ׵ĻͲ
ԳɹһЦҲµĲĻ⼸ʬôģжʲôģ⼸Լ໥ɱġ
еԺˣȻе㲻ţ˵ţ컹˶ţҲе̫ʵˡҪԳ˵ĻһĹѨɣĹѨҲܻﰡ
Եʵ໥ɱôܣ
һ˵Գɾôܣ㿴Щʬ״ͲʲôжģȻǻɱĽܽʲô⼸˲һģǷֳɺüģڿڿչ׵ʱһ˱ȻͿʼɱ¶ȥǼ˲·Ƿװġ
Գɽ͵Ҳе̫ԺˣݵһôܣǷֻġҲһĵĹĶһѾʬˣȻһˡڣԭԳɣӣ׸ɣ˾һĹŶӣӢ֪ô¸ǳһʣµıŮǸ⡣
Գ˵֮󣬾ǰȥ鿴Ȼͬӵ·װһ㵹ģװȥĹѨԾʹԼ岻·ԼҪ֪ĹѨ֮пΣأһ㵹ʱһ˶Ǵͬ·ڼ˺ӣԳɺͰ׸ɾͬһ·ԳɾͲͬˣʣµıŵĶţкTеࡣ
֮͵˵һҲɱɣһǲš
ԳЦһָŵϵľʬ˵ŵĻԼȥ׿ɣײǱǼ
һ㶣ȻͿʼԸԼȼһ򣬻ǰչߡ
Ȼ֮ͽһߣȻڹײĺ棬ĽײĸӴ򿪡
ײĸǷǳĳأȻ׶Ѿһ˸ȥˣŪҲǷǳĳأִһײĸӾʹһСǡ
һ΢΢ķӣȻźڣ۾Ҳ濴Žȥˡ
ȥ֮󣬾Ϳʼһ沿ҲǷǳķḻͿһüͷһʹġ
һ֮˳һһӡȻ˱Ȼһ£ʾл
Գɿһ֮ɫеѿǰԼһƲ⣬ǼٵĻǶӡ
˵ײĶʱ򣬾ǴȥײĶҲһй棬Ҳиݵġ˵ֻҪײ˵ʬ֮󣬵Ķ϶ˡǲϣʲô겻ɢĶ֮ǿɾͲˡоЩӣһͻʬ
˵ҲǷֹʣҪǵʱ򣬴ŭˣͻʣʱһСľͻʬʱꡣ֮һʢĻͻǸʱ˱빧ĽĶȫŻԭλȻٹĿͷſɱƽ¡
һᣬóȻ˵лҾһӣֵǣûʲôʬǡȴһĶ֪ʲô
Գ΢΢ͷȻǶԼĲ²ĽеţȻ˵Ķ
ĽײĸӺ֮У֮˵ԣĶϸϸġҲ֪ʲô
üͷһϸϸʲôĶҲϸϸİҪϸϸѵ߲ɡ
Ҫ֪ŴƷƷͨõľռѹĹѨػĹѨ߶ԵĶǰӲ𣿷ǳԺãû˵ʬ壬ߵʬҲԹĹ֡
Լ뷨˵һ£˵壬Ķܾܿߣ
һ¾;ˣȻ˵ߣôߣ


87 
Գ˵ǿչײģȥײĵĶӡǾҵһӣһϸϸĶéɽĹᷨ⣬Ķܾܿһߡ
Ҫ˵ĹҲǳĳˣ׷ʵô֪ߣҲе㲻߼ˡ
ָǸײİ˵϶ߣһﱾŹףһĹУʲô͵ÿ֮ȷһʲô
Լ͵˵ⶫҪߵĻ᲻ж
ҡҡͷֵͷ˵һ߶Իܴ󣬲ϣԼĶ档岻Ҫš
ͷ˵ô£
ҡҡͷȻǲ֪ʲôҪ֪ĻҲղײĽײĴˣܾܿʹĹ֡
뵽㣬Ŵһ˵ȻĹֵĻôЩ˵еĽˣܾܿǴĹֵµģղžʹĹ֡û飬˵滹Σпܾ˵
˶ͬĵͷȻ֪ĹֵʲôҲҶҪһþʹĹ֣Ǿ군ˡ
ǰѾ˹ײİ壬ǾҲͲںЩˣ컹й˼ɣҪû˼ɵĻ￪׿
ĵǲУҪүĻǾͺðˡү϶һ۾ʶʲôĹֻ֡ҪʶĹˣǾͿҳӦԵߣ࣬Ҳܲô˼ɡ
˶ҲǷǳĺ棬ҹ飬ȴҹ飬һĥ顣ļֵҲǲƣϾϡⶫеСȻ˿˼֮װԼĿڴ
һõ˶ȻԼûеõʲôôԼ϶ζźӾʹŽȥȡﶼǵ㶫Ҫòʲô
˵ͶӾͶԲҵĹײˣ쵹ֹǣ̰뻹ˣ׻˵ĺã˲·ɱ˸ĸҪʱֹӣǰǹ֪Ը˭
ҲһһײģһһͲ֣Ͳࡣһͳ˺
Ҫ˵ڼóгϵǾĹ֮лǺټģһĵĹŻﶼһ֯ԵġȻҲǾǶ֯ϵһʱ򣬾ͻ໥ǻ๥
һ£üͷ壬ʱԳ֮ⶼѾʼײĽҲ⣬쵹ֹģûнͣǸ̰Ƶı飬Ͳڶ˵ʲô
ԳɾһϺ꣬Ŀż˶ǽеײĶᡣڸûʲôˣײĸһ¾ͱƿ˶ȥĶ
ȻòǺԶҲûп浽ʲôǰѾһӣֿʼǸײ֣ٲȻûǰǸȵı顣

죬ײĸӶһӱ򿪡쵹浽ʲôǿ˲Ҫǰ飬ͣ˽Ų
ⲢǺ£ҪǶĹеﲻĻܾܿͻĶʬ
Ƚײĸƿ֮󣬲ûжĶǲһͬɵɵĿŹײģ·Ǳħһ㡣
ѵǱĶסˣô
ͻȻ֪˭ȶ֣һ̳һԼıУļҲ̶
ҡҡͷԱߵԳȴ΢Цĵͷüͷſһ˵Ӷᡣ
ͻȻ͸ое㲻ԾĹ֮еͻȻ࣬˸оΪʵȾ͸Ӧʲô£Ȼһ˶ŹײĵӶᣬĽҪĻǾˡ
һֲԤͷصĵҪһӽǸĻ϶һѵ

˾ʱͻȻͲ֪˭һһӣˣʱ˼УȻʲô
˳Դȥͷ֣ڵϣ촽ף۾֫ϵĳ鴤ţһ£ͳ嵽ǰԼĻС
ȻǱͻȻ¹ʸˣҲͣ㿴ңҿĵš
ûڶʲô
һ¾ͳ嵽ǰаĹеĵˡ
һߺȻͣĳ鴤һ˿Ѫ
˵Ͻڵϣܽ尤ӣҪȻҲС
һ۾ҡҡͷûа˵
һ¾ʹȻڵϣ˵ܿˣ㲻ҪҪȻΪ嵽ʱ򲻵ȲܾܿҲС
һĨ˵ô죬ϽȾҸף
ҲΧ£Ȼļе㲻
ͷ˵һ취ģǼõĸϽ£ҪȻҲһ죡
㿴ңҿȻǲԸ⽫£ⶫһǼǼֵʮ򼸰ļҵ˭÷¡
첻ڹˣȻվӾ⼸ڹײȥűƿĹײĸӣоһͻⶫô¡
콫۾ڹײһƲôⶫȻһߡ
ͿײкһߣڴϸɺУĽڹײĸɫƬֵĹâУԽĺ
ֲü˽ײĴ򿪵ʱ򣬻һ㶣ԭײ֮ߡһЩͭʹȻƷ
Ϊʲô컹벻ף׵ǣߵûиá
ϸһԾôһͷͷ


88 Ϸ
ڹײ֮йȻߣǸֵǾȻͷͷô촽໥ײһ
⵽ʲô˼Ͳ֪ͷҪǲϸĻΪһ壬ϸһȻҲ˵ײ֮ߡ
ʵ벻ԱߵڵϷҲһķ㶡Ͳ֪ô
ѵǣϷֲɡ
ͻȻ뵽һĹ֣˵Ĺ֣Ҳ˵Ĺ֡һҪ˵֮ĻǱǶϷ飬⿴ߵĿڴ໥ӳ˵ǰǸӾλߵ촽м䡣Ҫ͵Ļǵǿ˵ˡ
쿴˵ҸоǸϷĹ֣Ҫ϶õǸӣմȾߵĶŻ
һ㶣˵˵ײеĲߣߣм仹һӡ
ͷʾ϶һ¾ߵײıϣ˿ײеĶ˵ûǶϷ֣ⶫɲǺöԸҪĻǱԤһ°Ѿоڲϵļء˵һͻʬҪǸͶԸˣҸô죡
һڲϲ˵Ҳ֪Ȼ߶ҪĻҵǻҪ߶Ҹûа취
ӹײıвѵ˵ҪҸûˣ
ʱһֱĬԳ˵ˣͼԳ˵Ҫޣҵһ취Ծϵܡ
˵֮Գɾ۾Ҫ˯ӡһ漴Ȼ˵Բʲô취ԾҸס
Գ˵а취ԼĸףȻǷǳϲ
Գ΢΢ŵ۾ͷ˵취ǣߵߵȡҳι㸸׳£ԶĻпܽ㸸׾Ȼ
һʱȼϣ̾ҪϹײ֮׼߽ʸȡ
Գ˵ֽ֮âгһϸ졣
ڿһ֮󣬾ֿʼײĽӶᣬûһһ
һҽٴһҲһڵϲͣĳ鴤һԲӡ
ͽͣ˲ҪҶⶫʲôöȻȷʵо綾ںõһײҲ
֮ͣһ˶졣
ȿɤ˵ҵȻڶĶΣѵûоͻȻе𡣻оǣںӺ嶼ˡҪǹȥһ߲ˡ
һס֣ȻΧ£ʱ򣬾ͻȻһ
ôˣ
˵ĿͬʱͿ壬һذסš

ʲôײľǰĹײ˵ĿƲǰľס
꣡
ͻȻһľͷıĹѨ֮ж̶̵Ļص
ٴξһɿľ켸֮оǿ־塣
˿˿
һӵ𡣶ݣȴǡ֮ͳһȳζ߶еζǰǴʵϤζӵζǡ
Ĵ֮ɲ֮ͷӦһΣյźţԭĹоֹĿͻȻγ磬˸ͷ亹
վȫãΣյʱ򣬷ľ棡
Ͷ˻ܣ
˻ڷ㶵ģҲӦһ𣬾ͷ֮б
˻˻
ͻȻһ޴ͷʹ޴ͷͬһִڣҲһ㣬׳
ɫ˸Ƭںڰ֮Ȼɢ΢ĺ⣬Ӿһ׶೤һҪһϮˡ϶Ҫ¡
ڵϴͺӣ޴֮󣬷ϸĽ
ڸ͹˲ϹܱˣҪⶫֻҪ׷Լ϶Ҫµġ
Ҫ֪߳Զ£ʱԼûͱһһµ̽ȥǶΣ

ԳѸٵĽϵǹ˳߿ʼǹ
һǹͼҲͣ½Ų֪ͳһѺɫСǹ߿ʼ
ͣ½ŲһôУԼûмһ޲ĲǹСͳǹҲ֪ǲģǸеҲһǹ

ݶٵǹѨ֮У쳹ͷһǺɫľϣЩס˿á
ЩǹͶԸⶫⶫҪⶫܱǹ˵Ź֣
Mģ
ŭһż˵ԽԽǹԸⶫԽǼͲãⶫֻþĶԸСĸͲС
һǹһߺ˵ô죬ҪҸ׻ᱻⶫԵġ
һɫľϵĿ˵ͬʱҲڿͺӵλá
ͺӾĹ켸ѾȻǸճײĵȴǲͣǰ䶯ȻٶȷǳȻǳ˯˲֪ã͵ѹе㲻Ӧ
ⶫܿͻָжǸʱ򣬼˾ֻ·һ˵ٶǲܸ߱ȵģ˵ôһ
ͷǺͣ룬ʲôܶԸҪȻ˶һӹⶫԲ
춨һⶫҲǸϹӣǼС۾Ͼһ׵㡣ǸϹҲ൱ⶫ㲻ϹӣҲǰ״ȫǿʳ
˲ӵȻⶫ֮УҲжáֻ΢ֹһߵжٶȡ
ԳһߴһˡͻȻ͵ͷܡӢԳ֮ҲŤȥ
һ£ʣ£ͣĿǹӵϾޣû뵽ǣԳɾȻͷˡº·ˡ
ǹǲ˵Ȼ󣬵ӵȴǲࡣ
ڵϲͣĳ鴤ĺһԳ֮ܵ˻һһ¾˿ѪȻǶԳɲԼ˸λ
ڳ鴤ͬʱҪվûֻһһεڵϡ
ɫľһ¾ǰ䶯һ£Ȼ˻һ
ٶȾȻ࣬оͨͨںҲѾŻˡ
Ǻɫľ䶯ž޴壬򿿽ӣĿʱĿ϶ǽԳɸ͸ˡ
ڵϵǹͶһǹ
ǾһܵӵĹһ¾ͽͷ׼˺ӣһſڣ޴һ¾¶˳
ҺںӵϣӲҽһͷһͽӵԴһ¾ժ
ۿ߽ɱһ¾ˡԴƺܲЩϢһ㡣
ʱײѵ洫


89 
ڹײ֮йȻһЩߣû뵽ǣЩ߾ȻḴһͲƤ˺

ž쾪ĵˣһ߶ˡһͶԸˣҪĻǾûʲôˡ
˻˻
ͬ洫ĵ˺Դ֮һΣյźšԼӷǳĻҳһӰϵԼָоһƵʱֱܵĿ־塣
ﲻͣǹߵľ֪ڷߵߴ硣߱ߣʹǻڲϵŬߵǰҲǲͣǰһһĺ
һ֮ǰȣǳ񣬿Ҳһļʹ
ĶŻڲϼֵܣ
һ죬ҡҡͷֿʼ
ܵź֮˶һۣʼȥ
һ¾ܵߣҪߡҲߣûߣôܷ
ųԼ·˵ܣٲܾˣ
ִŵ죬˵㻹ߣ
쿴Ȼ˵ߣҸ
ʵûа취ֻܸķȥ
ߣ˵㻹ٲߣ֮߳Ǿ߲ˡ
һ˵߰ɣһҪҵĸף
ں޲ãһΣȻˡǿִŵ񣬻ͣˡҪǴ˸߲ˡ
ɫߣϵĲʳӡѾߣ˺ѣ쳣Ѫȡ
ǰӱҧͷ廹ڲϵ䶯ڵһ²һµĲšڣ䶯Ҳʼߣɡ
ڴϸϣͬӴСԴһ¾ͽӵ̽ȥأʣµȣ治ϵ䶯֪Ϊ߳ԵĶǱ񾭵Ĳļ¶
쿴£һݣǹȥ屳
һֺ׵۾漴ͷ
һͳ˹ȥһ¾Ĺҵſλãһקͽק
ְԵ״̬ǰΪ˾綾޷ǳıܣһ˿ǡ
ƺǸоԼһ¾Ϳסץסһʹ㽫˳ȥȻһ¾ץס֡һ¾קĹҵ⡣
콫ʱͻȻ͸оƺΣս١
һ죡
Ťͷһͷ
˻˻
ǳӣɨĲӵĵطһȳζʹ˹
͸оԼһ̣ҪˣıԵг˲һĸо
ƺԵģ˳־ͽ˵ϣԼΪ־̱ڵϡһǸԼһ֣
ӣ
Σյʱ̣о٣ˣϵʱ˻ᱬǰδе

һ£ǰԶžбܡ
˺ҧźӵľߣƺҲܵҪӵϢӿʿеʳ
ﶼ̰ģҲһʱĺɫߣ춪ڵϵǾ޴߿ڣʼԭʼᡣ
µһ̣֮ͳһ˿룬ǶΡǶʱ̵Σֻ˵İš

һ˻Ƶļڱ޴ĺɫߣһͷ˺ҧסһ룬ʼ໥ᡣ
ڷһϲ֮󣬱㱻˺ѡѪһ¾ȾĹڣһͶ
ĹѨ֮гѪζƺܵѪջ̳Ժӵľ޴һ¾ͽӲ̽СĿⶢסڱܵ졣
Ҫ
һ¾ʹסˣĹʯ档
ˣĹѨ֮УߵĸУ׸ɣһ³νǲҡ
֮󣬻ڸ̾ѵĹһõ³ûУⶼǱӦ
һ¾̱ڵϣгıˡ

ͳ嵽ߣַסȻһߣ
ƺǳڶĿһ¾ͼᶨԻõʧȻ͵ؾվĹȥ
쿴ʱӸֿһЩеĶڵϡɫߣڲͣ塣
׿һ֮һ̾Ϣȥ
ǰĸ󣬲ϵбܡʱ򣬾ϤϵĻصеǸϸҽı
ڵԴܣܣ
ΪҪǲܣ͸ĶԵ³ȫʬ˭һʱٶѾﵽ˼ޣǶ׷ܾϣܵĻ
ٶȣҲ˿죬ʱ򣬱ǱܶѾʩչˡ
컹׷Ťͷͬڱ֮ܵУֻʣǰ
ɳɳ
ͻȻʹһɳɳʵѪȵζڸͲһͷǺ޲Լ೤ȣټӿһٶȡɳɳԽԽǹѪζҲԽԽŨҡ
ԱߵҲһԭᶨ񣬶ʼܵ壬ӵ
˻˻
ͻȻ͸оԼĲӴһаˣҪˣ


90 
ˣˣ׸Ҳˡÿһ˶˾ߵĿУЩڴ̼졣ѵ
ĺɫ߻ڲϵ׷Լ͸оһһıƽ
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ƺҲоˣ͵ľͣ˽Ų־濪ǹ
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һһ۵ľһϸ⣬ڵٶ൱ˡ
찵ҧⶫٶôô죬ҪԼǰܣҲǱⶫ׷ϳԵ
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ͷ˵ôԸߡⶫǹ㻹ʲô취
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ܹ֮󣬶˵ˣҿûӵˡ㻹߰ɣ
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֮ҪԼеֵͲôҲ֪
ԵǣԼûԼҲˡȻһɽӡǽֵͲ˳һ¾ǰ档
طһ޴ĶѨ˾ںУԶĵط½ءطڰĲУ˸ûгȥһֱɽ֮С
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ε˰֮㿪ʼ۲ܵɽ֮еһ޴ĶѨҲǸµĵزԱһºӣѨܴܶһӦȻгɵģܶĲУºӵĺˮҲšһɹɵӵºȻڶʯСˮΣȻ
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ƿֽĶû뵽ǣⶫϾȻжϸһȻһЩͼ
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һ̣ƺһУһУһõģеĴ㣬ĺӦ졣

߰ɣסҵļһӵġһֻԼСУȻֻ֣ץסȴǽָУҲ
˽ˮУһʼĩʱѾ쵽ˡˮˮǺܿ죬Ͷ˹ʲôΣգŲϵ룬͸оԼѾƮˮ档
һ¾ס죬ɣ͸оԼͲܿƣһ㶼ûСߣҪȻҲҪŻųȥ϶ᱻ
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ȥ֮ͿѨǺܹصŤתܵ˵ûʲôء
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׼һԼһ
ɫҲTMDֲ̫ˣҪ˵Ĺ쵹ǼɫĹͷһοζʲô
ĴûйҪйĻ϶Կϳ˿ֲɫĦĸоִˡ
Ǹһ£컹ûжϳֻʲôһڰҪ˵ƣ컹ǵһֻʲô
岻ϵĲֲͲӰֻɫַ


95 ·
Ͽ̻һŵŵʾʲôĵơ

һĺеһ¾ͱⱻͬʱһɫһ¾ͳԱߣ͸¶һ˿ֺɫ۾֮ɢһ
Ѿ㲻˵ֱӵĽһԵĶһ¾͸ɢ
̫صĻͻ˺Ҳֻ谵ġ
ͿԸоĵֻжôǿô죬ڵ൱ľᣬֻǸԼЦԼе򡣻ԼصĦ˵ֻûж⣬ҪԼŭ϶ԼոⶫԼﶼпܡ
ô죬ͻȻһǣéɽһ·ķַֻ֪ϵûЧ
ļǵԼСʱԼھӼ˵˹·Ȼе˹Ķʺ󷢷ĽɼǶô
Ҫ˵ԼСʱ£ļҲ൱
һļҪ˵ũʱͰڴӵĴơӣҹʲôġ
һȵҹֶϵˣ˶ԼͬϿʼƤҪ˵ͣ絹ǺʱʱĻϵ硣
һͣ磬Ǹʵ£ңԼҵĵӽسһ٣Ҫسͣ磬˵ǽԼĵԼܱߵءΪһļͣ磬һͣǺü졣
ϷãǵõĽȴǣȡ
ӼгһСƿ׾ƣҪȥҡҪ˵һֵĵ纸ֻҪ˵ԼȽŲãǸʱֻҪиգӿ϶̵ġ
Ҳͼ£Լ͸ճˡʱʱĸҪǳƣҪҳˡ˻Ĭ
϶ϵ֮ͷˣһһƿӰ׾ƣҪ˵һͣ磬϶ȵҪ¿ɺã˶ڴˡ
ôţ֮ȥǴҡ
Ҳǹ⣬ǴǰڹùæһǲԿԷǣҲͲÿҪǮ
һ棬¿ɺã˭˵ȥ˭ңҪ˵ȥ˭ҵĻǻŪˣҲƷѣǰ˺ҲǹŸۣǲңҼҵġڴϼˣȥ˭˭ҲԸ⡣
ʱ򣬹ǰ֮ǰǴԼõ纸µˣãλεľȥǴС
˵ͣˣҵȻҲûе硣ſھһĽֵЩ⣬ڴſڻ޽һЩͽġû˭˼ҴǴĿӡ
ǴҲպڼſɢȣҲˡ
һô֮ǽǴ㶨һ˾һƿӰ׾ơȹ֮ôŪһƿκĻεҪؼҡ
ʱ򣬸պùҹһߣ뵽һӡӾһĴ˵
ŸԼһߵĹ˵˵ӣ۵ſ󣬵Ҳ㡣
һžƾ˾ͷ㲻ңٺΥ淸£Ҷ
һоֺˣ˵ǺãҪҲɣ۾ʹô
һץóһŰԪ󳮡˵ʲô
۾ͶģҲһֻ̣Ȼٷֱһֻ̡ԼԴϻȥ
˵֮óһֻ̣ݸ
һ˵ɶӲҵġ
ǺãҪǻȥˣһͣ磬ҼңʱҾͶд㡣Ҳþơ
Ǹƹ˱ͰЩҲǳڣɲǹһһźƱӡ
˵֮ں油һ˵Ҫ;ˣǿɾȥˡ
һֺͣžƾ˵ɣ콫ˣҹȥɡ
˵֮󣬹еĽ̵ϣȻ˵һ˵езҲڳܷΧ֮ڡ
Ū֮ڹùǰ档
ǲ֪ԼǱϷŪˣǾΪǸ󣬹Ҳȥ
һߣһߺ͡ȴԽԽ£ǰ治֪ǿ
Ŀһֱǰ涢ŹͿĶһɫİ⣬ԽǰߣǹϵɫİԽԡȻ˵ҹˣ˵ӦǺڵĲУܿڹ⣬ǹϵɫԽԽڣʱĻһСƵ⡣
ţˣǰˣ֮ԽԽΪµԵʡϵĶ¡
ǹԼͲ֪ô£ԼҲоֻܸоԼԽԽʱʱĴһ£۲Ͳ¡
ֵҲԽԽƺ߲ƵأȼֲסŹ˵䣬㲻Ҫˣ
ƺûߣͲ
˵̣Ҳȼˣ̸ôǸձ˵ȼһ
вͣĶ£Ҳڲ˵Ҳе͡
磬ˣӮˣǲŪˡ
ϻͽ˹Ķ䡣¿żˣҪȥ³ʲô£Լˡ
һݣһ¾ߵǰһѾͽŪӵ˵ϡ
̣ڱͬʱٳ˷ĩ
̵ͬʱɫ˵ϣƺʧȥ
һŵԼ̱ڵϡ
⻹û꣬һƮ̵ĵĺ䡣
ʱ򣬾뵽Ǹ˵ζԸ£հ졣
ִȡ̣ȼ֮ڵϣȻڵϡһߵͷһ߿߶ţλүү֪ʲôĵĻ
Źӣƺһ̾Ϣ֮Ǵ̹ǵҲͣ
ٿܣԼڸոյ̵ĵط͹ûǰһ
֮󣬹ֱһˡ˸˿˵ǵ·ˣ֪·еûҪȻ϶С͹ҲᵥĴһŻ
һ֮찴ǸڵϣкԼһڵֻߵͷ·
ȲԸ⣬Ǿһ֮Ÿһͬ¡
һߵͷһߣ߶
ûһԭƽɽ澹Ȼɪɪ磬һ㶣а²ζ
ǧִ£ǺǣȷʵǴĹ£ӦģͷС˵ΧλеĲԣǲҪģ£ⷢʲô¡ģ´еĶС˸Ųڴ


96 
챾Լũַ·ͻȻһַ硣㲻ʲô˼ѵΪԼһٶŭ˶Էɡ
ҪĻԼǲУ취
һ߸ǿȣһڵߵͷûһᣬͳһ̾Ϣ
Ů΢̾Ϣһ㣬дһ˿һ˿Թһ֮ġ
Ⲣ͸аǶĶˣũĶҲã
һ̾Ϣ֮󣬽ڶдʧֱʧ֮վȻȼ򣬸˵߰ɣǸĹӦ˰ɣ
֮ʵ죺ղʲô˼Ҫ˸£Ҫ֪éɽɿǴ¹ģ϶ӰǱЩɷ
éɽɴһ϶һɷǳéɽԡаҪһСĻ꣬ڰֻ֮ҪܵϢͻӱܡ˵éɽˣҪǲ֣һ顣
ƲƲ˵ҪǲЭĻⶫܻŹѵǻûпֻɲһģ⻹ǵһοǼǰĶ˰ɣҪˣǶԲ˶ߡ
侲Ȼ˵˵ⶫǸĹ֣
ͷ˵˵ˣǻɫ꣬ʮĹѨ֮жԶԸ˵ֻ֮УȰߣǲͿԼǰô
һ׵ˣȷʵ֪ⶫҪ˵һҲǰɫװҲͨ顣ʵʱۼı飬һ㶼ûʲôֻб仯ܽһֻҪԼİ̫˶
Ȼֻɫװ꣬ѾһѾԶΣҲģֻҪЩԹͶ̥Ļڵͻı仯ֻɫװ꣬þҲǹǽһࡣֻҪǵʶƽʱ£ΪֹһﶼṥΪ˻᱾ɢһ
űǺɫװ꣬ɷ֮˵ǺŮ˵γǷǳѵģҪ˵ɫװΣԵġɫǼɱԵġȣγɵǷǳĿ̣һγɺŮǳףŮꡣΪŮ˱ԾԣһԹĻͻγꡣҲΪʲôһŮԭ
ȻҪγɺŮֹЩкŮǰҪźɫֻһ㡣Ȼ˵ŮźºŮǰµĻǷǳ٣Ϊġ߳˺֮⣬Ů˱ʱ̳ķɡǰ֮УҪɷľϦʱ̳
ûгɹΪЩһǣŮʬ壬ڸزУȻˡǻûгɹ⻹һ㣬Ǳûעһ㣬ǾŮǰǴ֮ˡ
ľϦֻһʱ벻Լã󣬻ûгɹҲҡ
˵ҪγɺŮǷǳĿֻ̣ҪγһֻǾͻһȷѪꡣһˮ㣬ɵ˺ŮֳΪɷҲ֮һֻĵʡ
Ҫ˵װŮɫôһݡҪôˣʵڹ׵ļвûгʲôҲĵģطͻȻһҪ˵˲Ź֡һ¾Ͳסˣͱⶫɲ򵥣ҪⶫǸĶŭ϶ĺܲҡ
Ҳ뵽һ㣬δ֪ĶΪֲģҪһСģԼͻ᲻
쿴һڷ˵߰ɣӦûˣһǸоԾҪǰŪĻĻǿ϶ҲῴǵĻ⣬Ϊʲôǣ
һعȻ˵Ҳ˵׼ǻǹȥҪĻأ
һɫһȻ˵ǰĻ᲻ɵģ
Ҳһ㶣һ¿˵ĿȥˣԻǺܴġ˸һϤ⵽һδйصɧţҪǰ㣬᲻ʲôɷҲ˵ʵ̫ˡ
Ƿˮأ޽Ĺ˵ķˮأҪǶ˵һء
̫ˣȻĹҵ˲ṹʲôвѲƻķˮ֡ķˮһ任Ĺҵ˸㲻ûɷһʬҲһ
Ҫ˵ˮʦѡˮʱһ㶼˵һõطҪҿԱ㼸ôôġֻǼѣ˵ˮʦϵر仯ģһһʱı仯仯һηˮصʱξͻᷢһı仨
˵ӰˮֵҪأɺԣҲ׵ǶһҲ˵ⶼӰˮֵĶ
ʱ˲Ż뵽ɵģŪĿҲ൱ĴſھͿµļǺţһ¿϶ᷢʲô棬ѾųЩ͹ܵ
˲ûͣ½Ųٶȼӿһ㣬ҲҲ֮е֪
ǻ⣬˵ĽŲϵ쿴һȻ󲻶ϵĶһ


97 
ǰĻ˵ıϾԵԽԽ죬һ㣬ص֪ΪĻǴ˵еĹ
Ҫ˵ǹĻ컹֪ģЩǾѧ͵ġǾ˹ее֮ȼ¡ǻԾĹѧϵĽ;еģˡ
ϾǶʮһͣƼʱôܹݵĹ֮ɡԽԽУԽǮ˾ԽҲγһӵʦˮʦ֮ġбµĲ
Ҫéɽɵ˵ǣݵҪռôһ㣬ͻᵹùˡ
ǶѨôйأѵİ׹ǲɣҲǲܡֵϱ˵ײˣײʬովһλһ
лϣǰŻҲ˵˶ѨǰļǺšҪǵĻǾ˵˵ˣ˵š
˼ǰߣŲϵļӿ죬ΧҲһŵĺڰֻеǸɢһŹ߾ǰԾĻ⡣
ĽŲǿһٶϣҪ˵ٶȿе϶Ϩ𡣲һ¾ͼٶȣĻҪĵȻǻҪһʱ䡣ĳԾĻ⻹һľġ
ţǸоԾ߾һ쬵ĸоָоеϤǾǸսɽ񶴵ʱָо·Ǳ˶һ㡣
ԱߵƺҲоˣ½ǡȻ˵ôоԾǲãǸо˶һ㡣
ͷ˵Ҳĸо֪ô£ǰǸŵʱ򣬻ûָоͻȻָоָоǲǺϤ
ͷ˵ӦǸսɽ񶴵ʱ򣬲ָоļǵãǽɽ֮󣬷˱ڻǾʱҲͲ˱˶ŵĸо
˵˵ЧľǱڻҪ˵ĻҲܻбڻ
ͷȻͣ½Ųõȼǽڡ˵ĿͷͬʱתƵһǽ档
ǽϲûʲôǵɽױڣʣµı˹ʱۡ
˵ĿԵһ𣬲Լͬ̾Ϣһ
Ȼ˵ʱҲ´ˣָоȷʵڼڻ֮ġҲĸо˵ӦбڻġҼǵǰϼҵһҲͬıڻֱڻ֮Ͳֱ˶ŵĸо
˵ʱ;ȵķһȻ˵죬㿴
һգǽϣһɫӡۣǺܳȴǱˡ
ƺʲôӡƺ˵طӡۡҲ˵бڻֻǱĳֶסˡ
ɫӡ֮˵ȻбڻֻĻǱЩ͹ѵʱھһ˵ͲˡҪܵʱ򣬻ҪŪڻ϶ᱻ˴
Ҳͬ˵Ļ浽ʲôһŻ⵽ʲô
ӱóһСӣȻ˵ܲܽڻŪ
ҡҡͷҲûֹҪ֪ػ͵ıڻԭǶôĸӣҪֱµĻǻμӽ뵽޸ػ͵ĹȥءֹԭҲ챧һֽҵ
Ҫܽ⸱ڸԭĻǾͿ˵һ㡣ֱڻһЧʹ˵ܵӰ졣ӶƺǱ˶ŵĸо
ĵıһĵطһڶԼʱԼĲȫУ˵ΪŮ˵ܲˣԼܲˡȥǳɲ񾭲Ҳó˷ӡ
óһСȻСǽϲȥһ͵һĳ⳾һĳҲʯҡһʵȾϡ
һᣬǴɫĵطͳһƵĶƺѾ³ⶫʲôȻһļ˵ӦòŪˣ˳涴Ѩֵıڻ
еСӣȻ˵ҲǣҸоҲӦǣ˵Ӧûˡ
ͷ漴˵ôŪҪ֪Ǹ߼һİɡ
СӷԼı˵ǺǣһеĶҪġһ㲻棬һġұ﷢ֵĶȻһڻȥʱһһҲǴĵʱ䣬û뵽ǣһ¾óˣǺǡ
˵ţӱȡһЩߣһסСˢӣСӣСӵЩǲСһȺȴǳĶ
㶣漴˵ͲٻȥʱԼЩ˷֣
ҡҡͷ˵Ȼᣬǻڻȥʱרŵĳس񳵣ǾװġȽϿѶŪ֮ϣȻͻᰴն䡣ҲǱҪģͨڻȥ֮ǰҪˣڴ£ͿԼ·ˡ
һȻ˵ڷ֮󣬴ʱ򣬻˭᲻ˣ
ƺǱʵʲôʵˣԥһ£Ȼ˵ڵɵģǲὫЩ˵ģҲй档ɣЩľûˣֻҪǮ˭ɣ˳ļ۸ǶҪҲԼĹˡҲֲһԼ¡
һ㶣Ȼ˵ڵɣǱʲô


98 ӵ
û뵽ǣϱô¡ѵǵҪҸؽ绮һ²ɣ
Լ֪ǣԼéɽǷɱ𣬾éɽɡЦɱǾǺֵַġҪɱ𣬵ɵҲˣҪǶʮ궯ʱƽġ
Ϳ˵ڵɣйŴĹľǴӵϷϱɡҪԳΪ磬ַ͹аɱ𡣵ȻⶫǱɵĶɵҲЩϾĶʧ࣬ѰѨ׼Żñɷ
콫еóãȻ˵˵ǵרõģ
ͷ˵ʵɵõĶɵҪѰѨⶨĹѨĵַȣĹ֮ҪǿɡȻɵ˾ͷⶫȷǺáΪʱԵʣɵּԽԽ٣ѰѨķ֪ԽԽ١Ǿ˱ɵʵǣڻϸһеĶҪ㡣
ȷǷ㣬ҪϱĹᷨĲͬŵϱĲ죬ɱɼ֡ɵͱɵ綼һĹŻĹ֮󣬽ĹѨеĶϴһյĻɱǱɡ෴ɣһ㶼ЩֻĴߡ
ĹҪǳʱڣʱܲΪã󷢵ĹơųһʽĲţְƱǣУξ뷢ɽ
һбµ˽УξһƺҲǷǳѵõġҪ֪ڵУξǼٵģֻк
е㲻Ȼ˵ǣѰѨʲô
̾ϢһȻ˵ѰһѰļɣѨҲһּɡֽѨһּɡżɹʧˣУҲںٵһС
붮ŶһȻ˵ʱҲǺܶˣӦÿ㣬ȥĻǳҪ
һ죬Ȼ˵Ǻãߣȳȥ֮ٸϸĽЩĶҪȻͬеĻᱻЦġ
Ӻף룬ԼҲǸող뵽档Ҫ֪Ķˣǻ𣿲ԼͲҪǳȥ֮ŪЩǮԼС꣬Լȶӣźáû֪
漴˱ǰȥȻ˵еڰиǵӾʹࡣֻȻٲ˿־ߡ
߱˵ҳȥ֮󣬾ԲһУⶫʱҿɲˣһûн飬ԼĸĸҪȥչˡҪǾôĻôԵĸء
һĻγĬȻɫصĿ˵Բ죬Ȣ𣿡
һ㶣ںڰ֮пɫҰ˵ᣬֻҪǳȥˣҾȢ㡣ʱǿС꣬С⡣ȴĹӣֵµҪõĶࡣȻǮ죬
һ¾˽ĻУȻ죬ҾһˡҲǳȥ͹ԼӡԶЩ¡
콫еı˱Ȼ˵ţ취ȥȥ֮ҾȢ㡣
Ĵ컳гȻͷ
ǰ⣬ڲͣԾһȼյĻһصĻεȴһƬڰѨ֮ԽԹ졣
˼ӿŲŻԽԽ
ܿ죬˱߽Ż⣬ԽԽоԾȻ˵ȵȣҸоиطԾ
ػεĻ˵ʲôطԣ
½ŲȻ˵ûиоԽԽˣѨǸб¡
һ㣬漴˵ԣˣĻͻʲôˣе죬㿴Ż⣬ǵģӦѾȷǹ𡣲ȷʵǱĵطˣѵǸĹѨɣ
˵֮˳˼漴˵ҪĹѨĻǳ˫Ĺ
ͷ˵ĿԣҲǷǳĴҪĻͿԽǸĹѨǿյˡܾܿĹѨ
쿴Ĺ˵ĹѨ
ԣҪ֪ڹŴĹѨ˫һϣһ档ĻֻĶȻĹѨĹϢĵطҲΪ˷ֹĹѨ˷֡ǽҲһˡ
Ž£Ȼ˵ǽҹЩǳڲãټϵĽԭĵطһͨʹ֮ĹѨͬǣպҲͽˡ
˵֮󣬿죬ƺڵԼķһ𸴡
ȴԼ͵ͷȻ˵ЩҪ֪Ļͽȥ֪ˡ
˵뷨ȷģҪǽȥܾܿͻᷢʲôͬѰĶ
ǰһƿӵĵطһӣȻбģǱϾ¶ȣǺܴĻҪ޽ĹҵĻҪ´ӵװĹҪĶĹѨǿյģǱһĵĹĸõˡ
ӵ֮ȷԼ뷨ڶĹҺܾܿӵ֮С
Ҫ˵˽Ĺ൱ףɽ֮УĹ޽ûмӼʮ޽ġ
ӵɢģΪӵһɢڵĵطһص˸
Աߵ˵ȥҸо϶ʲôΣգеĸо
쿴˸漴˵ȥˣȥԲ𵳺񣡡


99 ˫ĹѨ
Ѩߵ˾ͷǰһӵӵоһԴ˸ӡ
ⲻĹԴ˵ĲɵþҪ˵ʲôɢģ컹벻ʲô
벻һӵӵʲôҪĶô졣
쿴ϵٻŮĻ꣬ĳǼǲ֪УûС治ʲôĶɣֻŻᷢһĹâ
Ȼ룬첢û˵Ҫ˵Ļ϶ǱЦġ
ڵõ֮ͬ󣬱˵Ƚȥҵĺ档ҪˣҲиӦ
һѽק漴˵˵ʲôأҪǰ棬Ҳֲɡʵ㣬׼Ǿͽȥ
һ죬һĨϲƮ漴
һ¾˶Ŀӵ֮УȻɫʯ΢һ񣬵ȴǳһĪĿ־壬·ԼһҪǽȥˣǾͻᱻʲôסŪ
һССĶѨԼǰʱ򣬿ĶѨǶжӵܾܿǺ˸Ūġ
룬ѨӦǵ˾ͷӵӦǱ˺ھġСѨͲ֪Ǹˡ
һԼˮϸЦĶѨһ˽ȥ
һȥ֮ʲô˵ڵĲͨĻͻһζ
ãһȥ֮΢΢ĺһ£һΧĻСһ㡣ûʲôӦһķСѨǻ
ȥ֮󣬸оûŶһкԼ
ѨСҪݵ㣬Ҫ˹ȥ¿ǽǱĲᣬתһܣҲ˵ʲôΣյĻֻһ·š
ȥ֮ŷеС濴ӦòǺС˭֪֮ͱű˵ǲһ˴ĵ
һ㶣Ȼ˵Ҹое񣬵ǲǡҪǵĻǸͲŪĹģȫɽ壬ڵͲܡҸоӦǹģ˵ʲôڵĸ߿ƼС
е㷢㶣֪һʱ򣬶Сһͺܿˡ
Ȼǵ⵹˭ڵأѨе㲻ѵǹڳĲɣ
챳һСжǳĲ㣬ɢһ΢ĹâɹԽԽһһ˸
һƮҡĹ𣬵ȫɫĹâ˵ʵڵģ棬оǳĲˬҪԴͷǸʲôĶǻĺܲҡ
ŬǰţʱʱŤͷҪʱ̵СıϾʲôõطָͳһҲ˵
ǰʱͻȻ͸оƺԼֶڶǾǲ֪ʲô
쿴˿Ҳûзʲô
ǰǰ治ԶĵطһĳڡطĹصķģʱŷѨ澹ȻһЩرǿʯڣҲ֪Щʲôʯ
ǰһӣȴһµġ·Ӧ滹ʲô˵ʲôռ䣬ð
ԽǰָоԽԣͺʲôԼص䶯ǳӣֲȷֻܼӿ첽

ͻȻһ
Ťͷһʱɫرʹ࣬ͿѵŲ壬ȴǲϵĶ
켱æôˣ
ҡҡͷȻ˵죬㣬гӡ
һ漴оԼ䶯ĸоܾܿЩɵġ켱æӿԼ˵ٶȣƴǰȥ
ǱӸҧˣҪȻҲС
ǰʱϽĶһֺɫСӡһȴǺɫһһ߽ЩɫŪ
ܿǸСһ澹ȻһܴĿռ䣬ȻѾȷط档
ΪӭŹģ첢ûп浽ʲôɢĵطȴߡ
ŤͷһͿֻɫСڲͣ䶯ƺҵһطڡʱ򣬲Ѿ
쿴ϵĺɫ֮󣬴һԼͻȻҲһ˿ƺСѾ·ˡ
һҲСӣ漴캰죬ȥֺܶǸĳӣҪǴ϶ᱻʳġ
콫ϵһֻСŪ֮ҧҧһ¾ɢС֮С

һľײ
Լһ¾ˤ죬ͻȻ֮ˤľ֮ϣȻۣǻûбˤ
û컺һһҲһ¾ϣûбˤ죬㱻һӸ
֮͵ľվȻ˵û£ôۣ
µȴһʱŷԼ졣
Ͻӣ측Ȼ˵û°ɣ
Լؿ˵û£û£û¾ͺáϻЩû
һ㶣Ȼһ£漴˵ûоӦûˡ
ŶһԼоһ£Ҳûио
ʱ˲ŽĿתƵԴ֮ϣһͷԴȻһײɢģ


100 
ͨСѨ֮㱻ЩɫĳӸҧյˣԴԭǴһײɢġ
͵һۣﾹȻһڹײģѵǵڶĹѨ
룬ǰڹײĸ췢㶣ﻹʲôײģȫһƷ
ײĳˮ״еˮײģһƵĹײġϸһȴǣһˮͬĶΪײһľʵĳײġͨĹײһڵƤײȴһ״ˮ塣͵Ŀȥһײһˮڡ
Լ˫ۣȷԼûп֮ſͼҲѾľסˡĿһֱڶǸײĿҲףŮ˾Ǿܾջ󣬱Ҳڴ
Ŀײģʱ򣬲ŷײĹⶼһСģҲ˵ǰ졣֮󣬾ͻγһȻӳײĵˮϡȻ㷢һĹ⡣Ҳ֪ǲǲΪľڵһһġ
ٿײģڹײһֱ̬ڵ֮ϣǸճжһ㣬ȴײǸˮһĹײıڸԱߵǽŵײûе
ϸһȻײһĻѵˮǺŪȥĲɣ
⣬е˷ܣҲ˵ȥĻӦþɽˡȴһбϷ򣬴׵ĸ߶ȣû㡣ȥĻҲܣֻܿһȭͷССףһǴС׵Ͷġ
һ¾ЪˣҪǳȥҵطȥˣܶɽ塣Ҳ֪ȭͷСĶжٺȣҪиһףǸͳȥ
ոȼϣˣʱҲ˵죬㿴ײģһͷһμôƯĹײģ⵽ôγɵģ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ײĵôγɵĲ֪֪һףܿװһЩ
ƶ˵ô֪ʲô
ֵһԴȻ˵㻹éɽĴأ㿴ףطһ㶼عײĶǽײƽֱõĹײĶһЩᷨҪᷨ㿴ǵһȭͷСĿ׶֪ʲô˼𣿡
˵һѣȻͣĵͷȻҡͷʵԼǲű죺׶Ǹʲôģй⣬ĻǾͿԳȥˣ
ȭͷСĿ׶ɢԴҲǷǳ˷ܡȻ뵽ˣйĵط棬ȻͿԳȥˡϾ涼֪˶ˣټǳնֻҪһעͻһ˭֪
һۣȻ˵ҲСףܳȥôôߡȥܣֻ취ˡû´Ļ׹ΪģרײĵģҪ֪ײ֮󣬾ͲܼˡиȭͷСĹ⣬ÿĻĶ϶ޱȵļ尾бײķӡţȥֳȥ϶γһĶòҪڹײģױͺټټһÿ챻ףǶԸ˵ġ
һĻȷʵǲձȼյĻֽҪȥĻǾ͵취ȥʱӦúúÿܵĻȻܺڣҲģĿܵĻҪΪˮùײķĹ⽫طһ˿⡣
Ҫ֪ΪĹΪеĹءȴһףȥֱҲվƽɡһͻԹײеһԹӶʬ䡣ÿײĵĶĻǾ͵һÿ϶Ҫ̫䣬ּ尾һÿҪ͹Թ϶һ㣬ײһĶһȾ
ֻ֮Ź۲ܵĻﲻʲôڣǶѨһǡѵǵûнӶıһж˵ֻһˣҪ֪˵ֿ֮ҲʮӵĲ࣬ǵΪֹֻǶѨһʶѣһûС
ܵĻһķĹң׾Ĺһ档ﲢûʲôرĶҲ֪طķΡ͸תԺˡ
Ĺ˵ҲҲǳԼ߰ףҲ׵ӡֻһףҲ˵ﲢʲôĹҡһңĹһſڣӦþ
˿ƺûʲôټеҰҪĲҵĹˣҵڳȥǡͷϵǸСǲҪȥĺãȫһѵĳҪȥˣ϶͵
Ȼ˾ǴһͿԳȥĵطһȥ·Ѱˡ
ԼڵһȻ˵ѾûʲôʳˣһʳҪٲȥĻ¾ͳˡʱǲҲҪ
ϵĶóһʳһȷʵûʲôʳˣˮҲǺܶˣʱºŪһˮǻǲࡣ
һָűϵı˵ô죿
ҡҡͷֻܴгȥûʲô·ˡ


101 
طȻһףʽĹײģﻹһȭͷСĶڣһǴС͸ײ档ʹײĸо
˵ǹ죬ʵȴ͸©˲ٵĿ־塣ҪڹײͻȻ򿪵ĻĶ϶ǻᷢ쭵ġ
Ȼ룬ǸоѾһ㲻ӦĴָое㲻ҲΪһڹײĵ£һʼʱûʲôԽԽоⶫе㲻Ծ
ڻȳȥǣ
һڵķȥ
ĹвûĹš˵ûκεĻأֱӾĹҵ
ʱŷ֣طķġֳӡոճĹҾһңԱ߻һҡмһ·ֱͨһط룬طӦþĹˡ
쵹֪һϢǱǲǸһӵһˮĹײġ
˵ȥ￴ǲҲǸĹײġ
ͷһտ֮нȥȻȥƸһģһĶҡ
ƺûǸ󣬵ȻǸһĲ֡һɫľһϡӦײԳµġ
ڹײûǿڹײϵˮĶĹҲûСסĻӦòʲôӦøԹǿĹѨ۲Ŷԡ
涼ôôûдĻ󷨣Ҫ֪һĹѨ沼õֻҪһ־ͻʹĶͻᶯ󷨸ûѵΪǸǵס
Ҫ֪ǶӦģֻҪһ൱ֻʬǸʱɲһСԸ㶨ġ
ЩҪ׼ߣͻȻ۾Ʋǿڹײĵһرϡرһۣ쿴֮һ
ѵĳɣвɵ뵽Ķֲ̫ǿڹײģ±ĶϡҪǲСĽڹײĸˣҪˡ
Ȼе㺦£컹Ǵ׼ڹײġⶫʲô棬е㲻ģ㽫ҲǵۣǲΪģǺܾǰġ
ΪȽϺڣҲһȼôҰлҪⶫ˭ġ
֮󣬿ָŵĵط˵̫ԶˣҲ׾ȻǿһֻΪûˮĶǵۣҿҪǹȥ
Ҳ˼Ȼ룬ô͹ӣ׼ǿڹײġǿڹײϵĻ۵ǲ˹ġ
߽˼ŷ֣ڹײϵĻ۾ġȴǲʲôýµģֿġ
쿴һⶫô£ͼ˵ĻôģǽӦֿġҲ֪˭־ô󣬾ȻܽײĽŸ㿴ﻹһץۣһָӡǡЩµģٿǽ£һҳһЩҵĽӡⶼ˵򶷹
˳ֿڹײϹȻץۺӡЩµġٿԼĽŵһЩҵĽӡЩġûзʲôѪҲȷǷ˴򶷹
ǿӦʮа˾򶷹ǰȥǸĹӦûнӡȻûôעҲȷûнӡĹ֮ȴС
ڿϵĽӡʱһȻһ
ҵĽӡһغɫĶȻܺڣֺɫĶɢڵ⡣ڲͷˡ
첽ǰǺɫĶ˿Ӧһǹϵǹܡ
ҲеĶͼⲻǰǹǹ𣿡
ɫһȻ˵ȷǰǹ
ͷùǰǹܣȻָһɫ˿˵㿴˿ӦþġʹΪʲôҪϵϺ˿˵Ϊǹģ³˵
ɫԽԽأ˼Ѿȷˣ˵ǹˡӦһ֪ʲôҵս
ǹ۶ˣǿ϶Ҳ׶༪٣ﲢûʲôѪۣһпܶС
ɫе㲻Ծļ˵ﲢûʲôѪֻۣаصǹܣӦˣҪȻʲôġȥ濴ǲʲôҵĽӡ
˵֮󣬾棬ĵǲнӡҪеĻǾˡǰ֮ǰûзʲôӡΧĶѨҲûзʲôӡʲôģֻǷһۣѵǲǴǸСѨģ
뵽Ϳʼܵµĺۼһ̧ͷͷԼͷ͡ͷһһѨططӦǸԼʱǸСѨͬġ
ˣΪʲôĵطǶԳƵģѵ˵滹һԼʱǸģĶѨɣ
ҪĻеĽˣʱ򣬾淢ڣǲ֪ǸΪáһѨϻϱǣȻͽһ˵ĻΪʲôԼбǵǸ
ʱȻ˵ȥ濴ˣнӡֻĽӡֻһ˵ġ
һ㶣Ȼ˵нӡֻһ˵ġĻֻһˣ

˵仰ʱԱߵĹײзһ


102 ײ
֮ҲһףҸǸͬһĲ֣ҵϷҲһȭͷСĶڣȻ㲻ô¡ǴҵĲ˵ǺͨǵĵϵЩҽӡǿǹܡⶼԤʾйһ벻ս
ȷһ˫ӡ֮󣬸ʱԱߵĹײзһûײİһ
˵ٴαвɵ뵽ǲʲôʬĽʬ
ʱ쿴һͷҲǷǳĽšҪʲôе㲻öԸǲöԸֱӾͱⶫпܡ
ذףȻһʾˡ֮󣬽Ųȥ
˵ĽŲͬʱˣǰǿڹײĻϵķ
СĶ˵᲻ˣƺõġ
ҡҡͷ˵ܣҪõġǸôܵȥԵĲܡ
Ҳ룬ּҲԼġҲ̫ˣƺֿŰȴڿ۹ײİ塣
ʵ벻ʲôֲȥҲתߡҪߵĻĶ֮󣬸ԼĺĻǸǿ¡
Ҫ֪ⶫ֮ԼȥԸһ£Ըһ¡ҪⶫͻȻ֮󣬳ԼǸͲʲôµˡ
룬ȴҪҪߣȷʵǿ£ĹҾֻôһ⣬߶ǹײģײʱʱĻһ
ҧҧ˵ţҹȥҪͷĶʵĻĹܣⶫֻǸƷǲĹҵģҪ֪ⶫţһܵ˵ķҰġ
Ȼ룬Ҳû׼ͷֻܿҪǶԸ˾ܡҲܽԼС
½˵ҪĹӻô죬ҲߣȽϰȫ
˵֮Ʋһ춯ĹײģȻһĭ
һ¾ͽ˦Ȼ˵㵽ĹȥȵҿⶫʲôҪǲһܡ
˵֮Ҳô˵ԼǿڹײĿ
Ҫ˵ǲ£Ƕڷƨ˭˶¡ȻעһӸⶫ򽻵ҲⶫаԹжսɳӢ¼ҪսڽʬУǾû˵ˡ˵˵ˣ˵˵˵ȥһ⽨ŵĴñӣȻķأ¿Ƕȥˡ
˵ǶʮһִⶫаŰɡƫƫˣŰɣרȥ̽ʱȴûС
˵һͨǸԼ׳׳ӣҪڹײģ쵹еڣҪǰһͲЩˡ
ڻҪĿ˵׼һˡ
ݺݵ˿ĭŽӽںŵĹײġ֮ŷ֣ڹײĲһߵƵϵڲ˵ʲôѧ˵жڶڹײ֪ùùͶˡҲù
Ҳ֪Щʲôֻ˵һͨȻеذ׷Ȼ󿴿еѹŴɢһ㺮⣬Щ̤ʵС
򿪲򿪣ҪǴ򿪵ĻǺܲףҪǲ򿪵Ļⶫһ³ˡǰԼԵɣ뻹Ǵڹײģʲô档ʵڲУײĺϣȻӡϼŻƷ

㽫ŵƺⶫȻɷһһҲʵѻ
ذ׹סײĸӵһˣȻ΢΢׼΢˿һС϶Ȼ󿴿浽ûʲôʵ뿴ԭ򣬻ײǲǻһдŶʲôģҪ֪ԴĹû̵ҪжĻ˳һȻȥ֮󣬺ǮҲǲһˡ
콫ذ׵ļʱײľͲˣҲûûһ£ҵĶָиһ
Ľذвȥ֮΢΢һûзӦȻļӴȣʹײ΢ĿһС졣
ŭһڵ˿̵ײ˹׶ģûа취˿
뵽е㼱ѵ
ͽеذԼϣȻ˫ֱסײĵһţ͵ؾȥơ
һ£ûд򿪡˼ûЧ
ʱƺǷһ˷
һ£ˡԼĲ²ǶԵġ
ͽͷȻ˵ƺˣ
ʲôˣ
ȻˣҪ˵Ļ⻹
֮ͬʱײϣ͸оƺ˵Ĵ
һ˵ʬɣ
һۣȻ˵ҽʬ
ֽڹײϣȻ˵ƺ˴ûУ
ڹײϣȻͷ˵ţҺҲˡô죿ѵ滹ˣ
ͷ˵ǰСӸңҰĹ׶ˣ
ѸٵĽеС˳Ȼݸ졣˳ţȻ׼Ĺ׶
ֵǣֻһŹ׶Ķ֪ȥˣǿŹ׶þǸץ
ڹײıҵĵǣΪʱԶѾˡʱ˵ϡ
òӵһͷðϣȻ΢΢һܸ˵ԭĽӸ˳
ִһһ׶ͱ˳ڵϣһŵص


103 ү
׶ı˳ʵȴࡣ
ܵĿⶢǿֱĹײģȴĶ
棬浽ʲôͲ֪

꣡
һײĸӱ򿪵ڶѨ쳹𿪣
һӰʹ˳챾ܵһԵĿӹײܳĹˡһ¾͵ڵϣſڵһ
ͿۣҲ֪ôŪںڵĶòǴȷǸˣ˵ϻһ˿˿Ѫ˿
һ컹ΪʲôʬأϸһȷǸˡ
ǲ֪ôڹײ棬һһģ
˳֮˴ȷӦıǸġ߾ǣѵǹŴԽģôߣԽײ档
ҪûбĽ͵ĻôҲһڹײлϼʷ
ĿˣŷǸеġۻһ֮ſڵϣͲ˵棬ҲͲ֪˵ʲôԱ
죬ȻС˵Ǹ˰ɣ
϶ĵͷ˵϶ǣ㿴кҪ˵Ļǳ֮϶ȹľӦûš
˵֮Ŀ⿴۾ͬԼһ˼ǱǾȣ
Ų壬Ȼ󿿽ӹײܳĹˡȻĶ壬׼˵淭
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һһ¾סˣ沿ôϤ
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û뵽˻үүôأ⵽ô¡ڸ͹˲ϿЩ켱æүȻ˵үô
үڵʮֵû˵켱æóԼõˮү˵㣬Ȼͽү沿ϴɾ
ү˵ˮ΢Ļһܽ
ͼүе΢˵ȸҵԵġ
ʶŶһȻӱóһԵĶݸүүԼҲڵϣһ߾׽ſеʳһߺˮ
ԱߵĿڽʳλ׷ԲԵˣгĪĸо˾Ǹһ棬棬ǵڵģҲ˸оһɵƮƮĸо
ѵ˾үһֱ߶үôүľôôʵ̫ˣĪľͶ˹ײСп϶һԵɡ
пǳ˸ʣ˵Ҳһͬʡ
үܿ㽫ݸԼʳһգȻ΢Ϣһ£Щɫֲ԰׵ɫһ˿
үڵ춼ǲֻ֪ܸߡ˿ҲǸոʮꡣʵҪһ
ү֮Ŀ΢΢е㷢㶵Ŀ죬Ȼ˵ǸСӣʲôطãϹͷ
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үָһͷȻ˵СӣҪ͵͵ĸ󣬰еıǣˡ˵ʲôȥȡ˳顣ǻһ֪ƭҡ
ȿȣ
үû˵˼Ϳʼԣһ֮΢ĺһˮ˵ҸһԣʾǴףҾ͸ǵǺðȥﲻãֵϣֵط𣿡
ӺףȻ˵ҲұҪģҲǱ˱ƵġֱƭˣֵطǴȥġ
˵֮󣬿һԱߵͼεЦЦȻ˵үүⲻĴҵĴһֱƭ죬ǲҪ˰ɣ
үһȻ˵֪Сëͷ졣鶼ˣҲ˵ʲôڳȥĿġ
콫ԼүϣȻʵү㵽ôİôһڹײУ
үӹ˹Ȼ˵ǵã
ɫһ΢΢еѿȻ˵治Ǳġ
Ҳ˵
үڰ֣Ȼ˵ЪᣬѾġˣײĽȥ֮󣬲˯档
ɫѿ˵ҪүϢһ£ǵȵʡ
үһϢ
һ죬͸Ķ˵ʦе֡
ʹһȻƿϢôʱ䣬ҲѾ۵Ĳˣڵı񾭣ôоеһүŵģ
΢еһᣬүڸʲôǹéɽʷĶ
첢û֨šéɽɵĴ˵ĲУӢõӰ͵Ӿ罫ִéɽ۷塣
үһᣬתƵڣô¡ô¡
˵һүʹŵʿʡģҪ֪⻹ͷһΣһʿɲôԶľ룬үϱ˸ɾͽĸסˡһֱ󣬾סʱҲǸסһط
һеүˣɽʱү͸ڼ˵Ǹ߶ʱۿ׸ɱһݸʬ
˵һ㶣Ȼ˵˵Ƕݣ


104 ʬ
ײ˾Ȼү컹û뵽ү档ڴ֮ǰ裬ûһȷġ
ĻǺӣ˾Ȼүүһֱ켸ˡ׸ɵУ˵һ˵ָơ
үĳһ¸һ̤ʵУүʵһڸͲ¡棬ɲһڵģһ϶ǻҪġ
үĻȥˣаǹܣҪûĻ϶ⶫֻ֡һ˵Ľӡ˵ܾͻһˡ
һжõүǡ
쿴үȻү˵һֱǣǸ߶濴Ǹ׸ɵСӱݸʬˣûг֡ΪҳҲԸݡҹѾмʷˡô󣬿϶˲ˡҲܹԸġ
үŪˣүһֱ졣ɽ񶴵ʱүڰĻĵڼ˵ȻǹĹУڼ˶ײĵʱֹˣǸʱѾˡ
Ϊʹ˹ײĻأǼĹѨе󷨡ү֮ûгһֱڰ̵ĸųָɵһֻ
Ϊǰ׷켸ˣүںõһ󷨽һɵɵҲǷѾۣⶫүҲǸƴ˸һĵزһ㻹ߵĿСҲǺܵʱֻߵԵʡ
ɵߺүѾ͸֧Ȼǰȥǣһ¾Ͳȿ˵棬켸˵һˮַ֮һģһĶѨ
ڶѨһǺҲԼߴˣٴγʲôʲôġ
ȥ֮󣬸ͬǣȻҵһСڣȻĹҵУ뻺һͿһףҲǸס
ү͸оԾˣиף˵ﻹʲôڡǹĹ֮еۣүǲڹײĵϣײĶȴԼ˳
һӣҲǽʬһʬĹʬһ֮󣬱֧ү㽥·硣
֮£үûײ棬֮Ĺ׶ȻһûǸȥĹʬײ׶һ¾ͽײĸӸˡ
Ҫ֪ŴֹײľǶһŹ׶˾ͱˣȫǷġȻεүʹ档Ȼһֱȵĳ֡
ү֮еȻʵĵӰƵãǰľ󲻵òģοүûбҪƭԼ
컹һûŪףǱϵİǹô£ѵԼģ
ү˵үڹײʱײİӾûбײã
үɫһȻ˵ײİȷʵǽʵϺõĹײģҪȻ;סǶײײİӿǶ˯ĵطһⶫײİжӡҲĿҪȻô˵ĹײİҲⶫײ
үȻô˵滹еļ£Ҫ֪ǸʱүǽƣûԹʲôҲûкȶˮϵǵͱⶫ̣ˡŶײѡ
ʵүǹô£
˵֮ͽǹӵݸүֲһ˵ǹǴĹ֮ҵġ
ү֮󣬵ͷ˵ҽײ֮ƺǹԸⶫţҲŪˡ棬Ҳûп
үҲǺ֮˵үûУ
үҡҡͷ˵ܵģҲûע⣬ѵǹйϵ
ͷ˵ⶫǸ·ģӦø߲Ŷԡһߵġѵûп
үҡҡͷȻ˵治֪Ҳ˼ǹȻ˸ǸˣҲûȥŶ΢Ϣһ£ָһȻȥǸ˵ġû뵽֮ͳȥˡҲǵùżʱģǵ֮ſʼʹײĵģǾҡСӵӹʵģȻûбܣҲ󡣺Ǻǣ
еԼŪײĸʲôߵģڹײү֮⣬ʲôûСҪ֪һ۵ĹײģҲжġǸߵĶҪȻôϸɻ
о仰˵ĺãǮʹĥײûеĻǿ϶ǸʬˣҪӽʬϸҵǲס
һ뵽үǸغϣ˵϶ʱͻȻҪǸʬһܻô졣
뵽Ͷү˵˵нʬôⶫ᲻һ¾ֻˣ
˵仰ʱүһ㶣ȻǼеµĸоԱߵҲǽһץȻеš
ү˿˵ҲⶫһûˣǼǹ֮󣬾ûгˣ׷Ǹǹȥ˰ɡ
һ¾뵽ղ˵ֻһӽӡ˵Ƕûȥ׷Ƕ
ںܾܿĹ֮С
뵽ľͨһȻżһƣ׼һǲж
˳֮͸оƺжƵãǰүԼ̤ʵоҲûˣ


105 ʬ
ͻȻ͸оܾеأǰȫӣԼһֱĶĵزڵãһ¾
аǹܣֻһ˵Ľӡ˵Ӳûˣֻһ˸ⶫ򶷵Ļǿ϶һĻֻһܵˣǱˡ
δ
ȻǺܴ󣬵طѾǳˣ͸оƺҺǽϵǴͷĹҶϡ
켸ǰһ¾ͱҺٴһƬڰ֮УֻһεĺӰ켸ģӰصĺĹصܶȻже㺦£ڰ·ֿ־塣
δ
һΣٴεʱһֻס½ǡ
챾ܵһ£ȻǱŵˡ
Ľַֻϣоһµġŷ½ַԼ½һߣֺֻе
컹ǽֻһ£ٴθоһ£Ӧòүġ˳ġ
꣡
һ⽫ĹȼǸ
ȼ֮󣬾ͿүɫŵĿ죬е㲻֪롣˿е㷢ëǿԼ߾û⣬ǲǹŻԼ
һ˦֣˵û£̫ˣһ¾ͺúǺǣ
˵֮ٿˣ˵Ŀ⻹ڶԼое㲻ѵʲôô
ԼͲһͷȻƲƲ˵ͱŻˣǵġүǻ취ȥɣ
ү󣬾Ϳʼ켷üŪۣڰʾʲôĽ־ָıȻ˵죬㣬桭
һǿ˺ӣ͸оԼƺжһ㡣ͻȻо֡
۾ٿͿʲôԾˣָԼԼֻץһֻ֡
ٿүӶȥˣֻȻҲүġ
Լ˭أ
ֻͻͻʶһоһ£ֻȷʵ¶ȡ
ѵԼһ˲ɣ
֪ѾͷĴ󺹣ӿ군ˡ˻ûиԼЦֻԼ㲻׵ǣֵֻ˭ġ
챾붯Ͻŵַֻ£ȻŲ壬һٺٵĶүɵЦڶڵϵģͲվܣҪվĻֲֻץԼ½ˣֱӵĿԼĲˡ
ƺǸоʲôүǲҳүȴСƺڷĶƵá
콫ַ֮΢Ųһ壬Ȼ͵ڵϴһǰȻ͵Ť
һȥ֮үվв֪Ūһذ׵ǰ
ŤͷһԼղŵĵطһߺŵʬ塣ϸһʬ岻Ǳ˵ʬ壬Ҳ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ˡ
һ¾;ˣʬ壬ô˵Ҳ￩Ǹܾܵ
ˣԼոץŵ֣Ҳ˵ҲǸáϻȺġûб
ڿһſλò֪ڸʲôǱȽģȻһҲTMD̫̬ˣϢľͳԼ󣬶ҲûʲôֻһҺص
쿴ȥֻſϲͣ˺ҧ˵ģ⻹ͷһοô˵ģߡ
ǵһΣǿⶫһʬ˺ãȻ׿ƤӽӶ˳һξµĸо
ȻղҺӦþⶫʬŪͷ档ʹѪҺͷ
΢ˣȻץУȻš
үҲǣǰ죬Ȼˡ
ȻڲⶫҪⶫƢθϮ˲Ź֡
ȻòǺԶǿⶫ沿ǿģӰصĽʱʱֲһϸһĶо˶ޱȡ
ɲԼ屻ⶫƶǣԸɾ
ĿƲүͼүĿƲĹҵſڣȻʾҪȥ
Ĺҵſǰⶫһʬ塣ûа취ȥҪǳȥĻôȥС
Ǳ׼Ļһⶫ͵ظһӡҲ군ˡ
ԥǿǸĿеļ¡Ȼǿ沿飬컹ĵġ϶ĿһԹǳ֣ҪⶫĻ϶һ
û뵽Щ֪Ҳֵط䲻ҲˣʣµľǸͷͳӢˡҲùֵط϶׶༪١
˵ǷǳĴģүԼͶһݵ̤ʵСȻүеǼʶүֶε϶
ΨһĵıⶫȻϢĳԼͷȻϢԼ˵ʬ塣
˵Ҫǿʳʬ϶ᷢôžĵط϶ĵ켸˸ûһķӦǸоûУǺŲһ㡣˵ⶫʵ̫ǿˡ
ԥʱֻؿʳվĿڵĻ¶һ˿ɫȻ켸ˡ


106 ʬ
ȻǷ켸ˣֻҲǲ֪ôվĿͶ켸ˡ
ȻĹ֮й߱ȽϰȻԿֻΪŭɢ⡣
ƺ켸ֻĽʳҪȻҲⶫͷ켸ˡǲ֪Ϊʲôûж켸˷ͻȻĿ⿴켸ˣʱͽһ
컹ͨһ취һӾתȥһϹȥڿǲˡ
ҲǷǳĽź£һֻʹץ½ǡ
үǷЩҲͷ麹үǰүײ֪ⶫôöԸģүܶԸⶫټ켸ҪĻ϶ǲ̫ס
쿴ǰүȻ˵ô죬үڿе㲻ӿǶˣҪǲеĻǾŪˡ
үĻıӲ㶼ˣȻŭȵС˵ĵǼ򵥣ҪȥŪͿⶫʬɲǺǵҸղŸӶһӣȥֺѪɷʱȥ϶ȵȿӣ˵׼ûǣҪˡֻ֪𣿡
үķԸԼסҪ֪Ǹ˵Ϣж˵ķλģһĶͬǡ
ʬǽʬĽ壬Ҳ˵ȳϽʬӡپԹĳγɵʬһҪͨЩֶǣ˺ͶϢжλȻ󹥻
겻һǿ˵жǷӦùⶫ˵Ҫ⣬⣬ǿԿҲ˵ʬϹӣһùĶ
һָĶǱɷˣǰѾɷܵĲˡھͲĽ͡
ͬʱԼĺסȻĿֱֱĶֻվʬ
ʬ·Ǿһ㶯ʼҡӷ׵켸˿
ʬ·ʱ򣬴͸һǵֽʬʬĲΪȽϽӲȽСĻεȽϴѡ
һ۾гһ϶үʹ˸񡣸˲ҪҶҪ
ⶫĿ˹ǰ򣬼ڿⶫ沿
ⶫѾľһóʬ壬ǸõĲӵ沿°Ͷһ⣬¶ɭɭİ׹ǣϻѪҺѪҺ϶ģӷ׵壬ˮݹܾһ㡣
첲׵ðˮգлץһشʬϲ֪ժһ⡣ŤĲУۿѾۿȫһ׹ȦȦֻһֻУһֻͳһ
ǿЩͲˣ컹һ㣬ϾǸˣҿЩȻеܲˣҲû³
Աߵһ¾ͼֲסˣͿϱŵͨ죬۾ɵôĲУֲͣĲ֪ǲΪŵûô¡
ûһᣬͼֲסˡ
ۣ
ӿʼⶫʵǶĵҪһŮֵܼڲ³ѾǷǳĲˡ
һ£찵ͨһ¡
ͿֻʬĿǵһֻһ⣬ֱӿſǽŻµ
꣡
һİֻʬŴð˳ΧѸٵı仯͸оһ̹Ƕ
Ȼֻʬ׼ˣֻʬͽʬµ
һٴڰ֮УֻԱŻϽһȻһ¾ͱԼĻУȻס͡ԼĺһϢסΪѾоⶫѾԼܽˡ
ס͵ڲͣĳ鴤ţһ˿˿θҺָ˳
üͷĽڻС
沿ǺĲˣүôˣ϶Ǳòᡣ
ͻȻ͸оԼǰλƺʲôײԼԼļλáƺֻʬԼүʱСŲ壬ȻĹҵſƶ
첢ûʶУڸͲҶⶫ˵ߣҪһСģⶫĴھѹ
ŵһʬζһѪζ͸оⶫ沿Լǰ
ĹһⶼûУж˷λ򶯵ĻҲǿԼոյļ䡣ⶫѹԼǰ취ԼĻл붯ĻҲôס
ʬĿղ³ĶȻǱѾûбǶͣȥ
ƺҲоʲôֽȻСĵĽеĶһ档
ûʹֻʬתƷλǲͣÿնıǿصţƺжǲû
δ𣬵δ
һӵĲ֪ѪҺǸˮĹڰֿռŵĵطԵø
ણ
һΣ͸оԼ϶һθʬҺ壬ͲҶ
Ϊ;쵽ֻʬԼǰǸѾԼϣõԼ塣
Ҫ壬ⶫһ¾ϡ
͸оԼıһ¾ͽ뵽һѸ棬壬õĸоһӶǡ
ˣǾʱĹҵſڷһ춯ֻʬһ¾ͽõתƿڰУһĽŲ


107 ʬ
ܲסʱͻȻĹҵſڴһƺǸG
ֻʬ֮˵ſڵλá
ǸG֮үվſڵĵطֻʬһ¾͹ȥ˿
ûбʬϵǹζϢ¡϶Ǳ͸ζѬ
ҲָȻĿ⿴ĹҵſڣȻûʲôҲ֪ſﵽǷʲô
ſڵķλһӵȻ˸ʬ򶷡˳үûˣү֪ʲôʱѾŲƵſڡҸʬһ
ʬ򶷿ɲʲôǳżɺԼĵѧҪһСľͱⶫҧˣʬڵĻ϶Ҫġ
콫ȼȻѰҵطȻȼһ䣬ҲǺڴа
ź֮ſĹҵſڵλãͿүһذ׸ʬС
үȻǴ·磬ϵĴŴ˵޵ĵǲ֪ۣҪһģ͵øⶫŪһӡ
үʬһץ֮󣬶󺰵ӣң
ѸٵĽеذ˳ȻУү˵үذס
үʬһƣȻŤͷ죬ͿһƵذסȻ󺰵Сӵվ˵ۣңذ׶ҡ
һ㶣Ȼذ׸үʱүѾе㲻֧ˡذõ֮үֽԭǰذӸ졣
콫ذ׽ӵ֮󣬲ŷذҲһѹŴذףȻûǰذ׺ãǼ򵥵ĿҲмֵǿذɷͿԿĳҲһŴƷ
үһ㣬ʬһ¾ǽϣ֫ڻһ̣컹ǵһοһ͵Ķǽڡϵж󣬲ſ֧Լǽϲ
ү͵һȻߡ˵ȸҶᣬȲһ󷨡ⶫɱжѾˡҲס취ԸҪȻⶫǲöԸ
ֻǽϵʬԴֱֱĿżˣϵҺҲϵĴͺһճˮĸ󡣬еʬ帯ˮǽ˳еġ
үĻһ½סˣҪԼסⶫԼͶԸˣҪһغ͹ˡ
ƲƲ죬΢Ŀү˵ү㱾£𣿡
үһԴϣŭŭ˵ʲôʱˣ˵Ҫ㶥ž͸ҶסˣʮӣˡǺ취ⶫҪǶסˣһꡣ
óǹȻ󿿽죬˵죬͵öסˡҸһ
쿴ǹ˵УѾģһʬ𣿡
ĿƲǽϵʬʱһ¾ͨļӿˡⶫ˶֮⣬˿־ˡ
챾ܵľǻһļƤֻʬĿֱӾͿԴλáǶеӻϵתƺĿ꣬Ƕ˭һ㡣
ǰذףȻү˵үⶫʲôôҪǲеĻڻҪȻҾͶסⶫˡ
ΪүŤͷһСӸҶסڲҪңⶫȻѣҲһɱССþˣذۣ󣡡
ŶһҲֻˣ˸˵껰ʱֻĹǽϵʬȻǵȵе㲻ͷˣһƣ沿
ŤһͷֻʬͲ
ʱ򣬲ŷӦʬزͿǹӵһֻǷһʬˮͶʬ𲻵κεá
һͿֻʬ˹ȥ֮ת׼ʬŵ棬ȫһֻһ㣬ûǰԵֱʬǶ
ǰеذ˳ԼĻһ£˲ѪȾ

̲סҽһ׼ذ׿⣬ǿŵӾЩţϵʿ۾գġǵԼõʱһ²ʹȥ
ذ׻Լģһ֮оǹУҡҡͷȻ˵ڸذ׿⣬ѾĻۡ
Щ֮òֽѪһ¾ĨذϡذƺǸܵѪĴ̼һ΢⡣쵹֪ɷЩ쵹Ƿǳ⡣
뵽Լһûаװšݺˣûʲôʱ䡣ֻʬһ¾
֧õĸ첲Щĸ첲ơ֮ǹһ¾ͶʬԴ˼ǹǿʬԴصбǱϸûʲôá
ֻʬһĺˣԴƺǱˣȫ´˼档
Ÿõͻڲϵĸ°죬һжǿС
˵ⶫֻҪͲͲԴʲôģⶫԴⶫȻṥ㡣
Ȿ͸ܲʲôʹڽʬʬ壬ֻǿһ㶼ʬҲСϵļڣ˵Թڡ
߹ظͲңҪҵĻֱӽײĶӷⶫ߹ؾˡ
ذһĿֱӿȻ˵ȥϵöײĶӣⶫ˺ʬǹͲã


108 
׶ͶԽʬһãҪ֪׶ǷײĵĶһ׶ɷ˿һѹŴɱвЩĹײϵĹ׶ֻҪ߸׶Ļֱʬסߴʬ϶ꡣ
ǹ׶ֻһ컹ǴҪ֪ǹôҲὫֻʬŪеǹǳǹػǹĿϼǧǹֻʬáȻһǲʵֵģǹֻһѣӵĿǳޡ
Ǹ׶ʬм䣬Ȼ˵벻ԶҪȥõĻֻʬ϶żʱⶫȥˣ϶Ҫġ
쿴еԥȻ˵ȲҪҽֻʬȻȥǸ׶
ͷȻ˵Сĵ㣡
쿴һȻǰذסֻʬһ£ʬȻǶذе˼ɡذɢɷԶʬ˺ʬ˼ˡȻⶫûǣʲôһֱܣǱǶвԼĶһǱʶĺ¡
ֻʬſڵϣָֻֻȵŵ棬һֻжһر֡ԴΪӱǹϣڼϣһֵƣⶫˣӲĺܡ
Ҳ֪ҪŪⶫÿүҪүҲԸ˵ĻֻˡֵطءҪǶǿڹײ꾧ʯײʬҪȻ켸͹
ȻһҧȻذ׾ֻʬ΢һĵط͵شȥطҲʬһҪǴˣⶫҲõ
Ȼ˵ס߳ſԽⶫŪǴһͿԽⶫԪˡ
һ´̳ⶫҲɵ͵ؾһˣͶ̳һ£⻹ûꡣ֮ⶫ˳ƾˣ֣ŶӦò˵ˣצϵָ׳ҪôҲ߹֣ҲͰˡؼָ׸Сеһƴһ¾ץļϡ

ʹĲҽһȻֳסⶫԴⶫԴ𿴱ÿˣĽǻûжϵʱʱĸ°죬Ͽ͡
һ¾ͽ˵͵ؾⶫⶫʹı졣ҳָУ۵ֱᡣ
ûͽ׶Ȼ͵ؾʹⶫĺء
һ׶ֱӽⶫ͸ⶫƺҲ֪ʹŵԴ淢һƴƵýϽŵָҲ˿
͵һƣͽⶫԶֻʬԼؿڵطһ֮һѾ˵Ԫˡ
ͼֻʬڵϴһʹһصĴŵԴصĴŴʱʱķһ˻ƽ
һ켸иû˿֮⣬ⶫֱŪǺ¡
ͲǰҪ֪ⶫȻһӣǸˡɱӦû㹻ĴֻҪһ߹ʹ֮󣬻ָǰĵزҪŪⶫͱýⶫһɱУҪȻⶫҪˣʱһõĻ϶ὫĹ׶ɷĥĻǸ׶ûˡ
ˣ
ʱͻȻүһͬĿתүͿүͷ󺹣ϻһֵͼΡ
ͼǰֲ񣬰а˸ǣϵͼֻ߸ǡÿϣүһöͭ嶨סˣмλذףöͭһ㽫мǰذΧһ¶УȻ㲻үڵʲô󷨣ȴƺһûǰѹȸˡƺһ㰲ȫ֮С
үŪ֮󣬿ʬͿʬڵϴȻЦСӣ㵹гϢⶫ߹ظһãȻҾסⶫȻŪ
үⶫ߹طһȻǷǳĸˡȴеüζԼϿѾⶫʬˣⶫԼϿӡҪǲϽŪĻԼɵڶʬġ
Ȼ˵ү㲻ڶʲôˣһҲʬˡʱɵø㣬ҪȻһĺʹġ
һϵץۣüͷһ秣Ȼ˵죬û°ɣ
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ʱļ۵ĵطͳںɫһмصƣ͸оطѾʹĸоҩƵá
ȻܣڸͲǹ˼ЩʱϵʬʱԼ˹Ҫǲ˼ֻʬĻү϶͸ʬˡ
үļϣ£͸оԼļƺǲܶˡһоҲûˣȻүԼϵļѨˡ
е㾪ˣүļʵ̫ˣŴֵѨĹ򶼻ᣬϸûм˻Щˡ
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ү֪ⶫڿ϶ûǰˣҪԸⶫе㲻ףүȻ˵ӵ𣿡
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109 
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үùǰذףȻͷϲһ׷׷ذ档
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ذҲͭɫģκ̫Ӳاذף״ͬƣֳذסŴ֮һ˵е񵶵״اİʱרϺõľּϡһذףΪԼذ׵Ҳذ׵˵ɱҲѪҲȫһɷȫԽɱС
뵱ʱڣاɱ˶ˣذ档ɷͲһĹŴܱġ
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110 ʬ뾧
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ү˵ͷȻ˵߰ɣŻ⣬ǸϽҵطȥҪȻǵﲻɣһʳˮĶж١
ŶһóԼϵ˵󲻴˵ССıȻʼĶҲԼϵİʼһͬ㡣
֮ү˵үڻѹʣµˮСͰĶһһСӣѴذѣǹһѣӵʮšһֻأֽҲҲôЩˡ
ү֮üͷȻ˵̫ʳûжˣˮҲࡣǱ뾡ҵڣҪȻҪ㶫ܹ죬ǲ֪ʱ䣬ֻаյȵʵܻ߿ʵͲסʱſԶĶ˾ô࣬ǳȥҳȥ
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ʰ֮ү߳Ĺҡ콫ǿˮײĵģԼү˵˵үе㲻ţߵһ
պþǸңү֮ҲǴΰ棬һӿĹײġүҲǸ̾ѣȻ˵ףһǵһμⶫǳаòҪȥӦǸǸһԣҹĶҪȶǿڹײĶҪĶࡣ
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үͷȻ˵ʬһ£γɵġҲ²ײĵп϶һʬ壬ܿײŶʬ塣ʬ϶ѾŧˮһֻҪһ϶طǲܶ
쿴үеɫѿ˵ͬʱô˵ĻײǰȫһЩõʬ壬ȻʬˮײŪһҺ״̬ڽһ߾Թʬ塣ʬھ䣬Թж
үҡҡͷȻ˵ǸСƵк͸ȻĹбģŻͶҲܴطȥҿСоϣһڹײģҾͲٱлˣĳڰɡ
ҪүǲǿԳȥүԼЩ˵ˣҡҡͷȻү˵үǻ߰ɡطǴĵط
үͷ˵ţߣȥмǸĹҡ
ʱ콫еǰүذ˳Ȼүʵذʲôͷ
үеذ˵ذǾֵذףӦĶʲôǲֻ֪֪ⶫҴӹġҿɷ
ү˵֮󣬽ذеһ£Ȼһеǰذ˵ȻذףҲͲذˣذ׻ɡ
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ǰƵذ׾г


111 Ĺ֮
쾹Ȼû뵽Լеذ׻ذףذ׿ʷġ
ӳԾıذ׿ĸŪģذ׵֪϶Ҳ֪ذ֣һذ׵ƣҪ֪ذ׵ļֵ϶Ὣذ׵͸졣
ү˿ԾļһȻ˵ذȷʵذףҿʷǱѧĿαࡣذذذűʯһǿʲôõģһ˿ǴӻƣɫĲжéɽ̣˵ⶫһɷУıɷɫжǲǸʱӵеģ˵ʱԶĶĥۡ
ƶǶɵɵĵͷаذȻΪʧ˱ʯûбҪ֪ذذĻ϶Լ
Աߵһľ֮󣬱ָֻ˳ɫȻǲ֪ԼЩҲ콫Լ̰ƵŮӡ
үȴͷĹڣȻ˵һӽӡӦġ˵ģһô϶ӵĹˡ
ͷطûʲô·ߣĹңĻܡ
ĹҾҵм䣬΢Ŀһ㡣
мһȴԼΪҵĹĹľͷĹҡҸƲ⣬ĹӦǷǳĴٵҼӵһҪȻҲ޽
еˣһ棬ĹҵĿǳĶ࣬йֹģĻģĹҸȫ
ȻǴ󣬵ĹڹŴĻиҲҲһĹҵĲ֣첢ģҪ֪˵ǻ൱ΰģôĹҶŪˣСĹһŪ㶫
Ҫ˵Լ˯棬ܾΪ˷ֹǴšҪ˵꣬ܲٵʮذɣҲִ˸ҵˣڷĹл˵֤ܲĹѾ֪ĵٻˡ˵ػ꣬Ǵֱʣ˵ǳʿɽݻ塣Ҿ˵ǷΪ㣬ٿĹҷΪҲǹ֡
ЩеǶĹеˣҪĹûʲôǲǹ֡
ôĹ̶ˣʣµǵ⣬϶һµĵĹҵСҪԼͰһεĻǶԲԼܵˡ
үһֱǰ棬үĹǺܳԼҲǶʮףǼȴ˺ܾòŵĹҵſڡ
һĹҾ͸оȻʣĹ㹻Ĵһ򳡵Ĺģ
ⲻʲôؼ죬үǾǡ
ĹҵмĵطһѵĽĶȻ켸ֻһ򣬵⣬Ѷ档
ͬʱˣⶫʵ˷һȻǺܴ󣬵ҲһСĹģ
ǾѶ棬һײģʲô˼
˷ܵĴУȻעǽһѶ˵㸸ףҪѰҵıذɣ
ƺ뵽ʲôۿ΢΢ʪⶫ̫Ȼ
üƺ˶ݵʧУүҲϲɫ˰ơǣҪ־͹ַǮǼһ
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е㼤Ĵ£һߵү˵취ҵڰɣⶫôõġ
үһˮϣʱ˵ǹѹ
һѵıأҪûȥ϶Ҳ߲˶١ڵ⣬Уûʲô취ȥҪܳȥĻⶫôòǵ
عȻ˵˵ӦһԶȥ
˵ʵĲȴǳмǶѱ˹ȥ
ߵѱǰһһѶУлƽ𣬰ͭ塣һЩѾõĲƥķĩʣµıһЩʯ鱦
Ķʵ̫ˣҪһȥ֮°뱲Ӷóˡ
һСű˵ڱ׷ӲҪȥBJӶꡣ
ⶫؼ̫ǮˣſȥĶүȴֽÿˡ
ҪһүͽֵסŤͷһү
ͼү˵СӱΪⶫôõģҪⶫôõĻ϶ǸѨ㿴滹һڹײġײѹѶ棬϶ǲԾġ㲻һⶫһʬĶʱһ군
һѶϵǿںɫĹײģǰǸʬжһݵļɵ˵׼ү˵첻šط϶гڣΪ֪еһ˿
ͼү˵Ҹоط϶гڵģҪȻ϶йǵʬ壬ǿܣûһʬǡ˵϶
үĻ󣬿ʼܲ쿴Ȼ˼򵥵Ĺ֮ʲôûС
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ǱϣүģĿڹײġڹײȻԣүһۿ˳϶ںɫĹײġ


112 
үȻĹҵлڹײģֱλϡ˵ĹҵллأѱĹײĿ϶˵϶Ĺҵˡ
ĹҵˣǸ̰ƵļһҪ˯ڲƱ棬ɲʲôö
үе㻳ɣײǲǻҵˣҪǵĻôҲе̫ʵˣôƵĻʵۣǵһο
ҪһѶϵĲƱǱүֹˣ̲סҪĶϾǸŶģǶүֹˡ
Ȼү˵ȲҪżЩҿΣܿ滹ڹײġ
ĽĿƲܣ˿ܣȷʵһŵĺɫǲȷǲǹײġ
үҡҡͷ˵㲻ס
˵ĹôڹײأĹһֻһڹײĲŶԡĹҪĿڹײĵĻǻˡ
үҡҡͷ˵ҲһĹʲôпܡ㿴ڹײѵĲ棬˵˿϶һ֮ˣڹײģҲ²㲻þŮ˵Ĺײġ
Ůˣ
үͷ˵ԣ֮ˣһȽϸߣ㲻Щˣҿײ谮Ҳһ
ͷ˵ү˵ģܶԡпܾǣ˵ʲôأ
ߣȥ
үȣеһλȥү˹ȥһŴһѲƱŲ۾ȻүҲһ
ĹҴһôүٶȺҲǷںڰгʲôҪͻȻжϮĻҲи
һϺүȷһײĵԱһƴʯͷģ͡һˡ
үɫһȻһʰȻһָǸʯӰĶ
ĿתȥһȻʯһӰʯġ
ʯԱ߱һֱŵĹײģһܹ죬֪ǸʯϵӰ϶Ǹˡ
ĿүһʯѾĲ
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үһۣȻӶԷĿ֮жһ˿ľȣȷʵ
ڵһ˯ŵˣλʯ档
ϸһкǲĶԿСʯ˯Ĳ
ֻôôһڰĵطڹײԱߵʯ˯أ

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үĽÿȻ˵Сӿ϶аˣҪȻô
аˣеƣúõģôаطаСʱ
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СֹԱߵЦˣȻүȥǿֱŵĹײġ
һҧȼϣȻһģһһӾ͸ϡ
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ԱߵүһüͷȻ죬֮жһϷΡ
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˵֮һԣоôôʵѵΣ
Լ׵ϸߵĿ⿴źٺٻЦ죬ȻֿһܵĻү˵үˣ϶ˣѾģǵʰ㲻ɣ
˵ȥһ¾ͽ찴ʯ档



113 ƽɽĹ
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ΪԼУһ¾ͽѹʯ档ҽһƵһߣȻ˵ι찡
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ֽ֮Ȼ˵£˵ͻˡһϸ㣬˵Сô˯ôûˣ
Լ׵ңҸտʼ͸һ飬ǺȵزŻᵽģǰǸҵУΪǸ˳ˡǱǸסˡ
콫ԼĺȦʹ࣬˵СǶʬСӵùѾʬʬˣֻʬѾҸүһͬˡ
ˣ
ͷȻô˯ˡ
д㲻Ȼ˵֮󣬾ͷĹмǿЩƱұõģһô滹һڹײġк棬㽫ײĴһ϶˿һû۾أͿĶͻȻһ⣬Ҿˣ֮ҾͿʼΣ֪εǾѲСӸղųӣΪأ
˵֮󣬻Ĺмǿ飬һѵĶ֮͸¶һ˿ǿڹײĵļɵ
үˣȻ˵СȻ˵ڻҵطȥҪȻˣмһѶ˭ҪҪȻǱ˵ǳȥˣ
ô𣿡ͬʱпʼе㲻ˬôһѵĶһòߵĻǻǰˡ
үĹײ˵ðɣһײĶͳˣҪûˣʲô
˵Ӧǰʱһ㶫ɣĹ棿
˵Ŀͬʱ죬۾֮ɢżʡ
ԼԴȻ˵ҲõһӶѣҷڱˣҪǳȥˣⶫ֮Ҿͷָһʮ֮һô
˵֮Լı˿壬֮һ˿ļɵ
һЦȻ˵ûпӢԳɣ
ҡҡͷ˵ܵĹ죬֮ǰûӰҸûм
һת˾ͿʼѰĳڣү˵طǺúңʲôûУмһѶ˭
ͬʱͷȻʼܿʼѰ򳡵һĵطʲôҪеĻ϶ҲǷǳأͲҡ
ҵˣϻмг̾ͺ˵ˣǱϾԴޣҪǳʱҲĻ϶С
ˣү㿪ʼһЩֽ˳ȻԼָҧƣȻѪһһš
ҲĿĵģѪĻĶͻʬЩҲǱãүͷ۵طʵе̫ءܲա
㶨Щ֮ү㿪ʼĴܿĹҵеǽ淢һЩ͵ƣǹŴ͵ơ滹ЩգѾܵȼˣôˣ϶ǲˡ
ĹҵĲ־һĴһ㣬Ķܶ࣬ʲôĶУʯͷġ
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һ̨Ķү
ү߹ȥһ̨ڰȴһй֣Ūֵĺ壬үһüͷ
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һүһ˵е㷢ôǸĹֲȫһЩĹײġ
ԣһײĲǣǱѹЩƱϵĹײĲģķõģڹײģĸǶбšϸ˿ĸһЩƶĶײġڹײĲûʱ䣬ЩĸҲǽġ
үҲʲôô죿ͬʱйڵϡ
ү΢΢һȻ˵ҸղѾһԣоգ϶ӳȥһ֮ϸҡûʲôԵĵط˵ʲôŲͬѰĶ
һĭڵȻ˵ͬѰĵطҵǻɣǿѹڲƱĹײе㲻ͬѰ
ү΢һ٣Ȼ˵ʲôͬѰģ
ү㲻뿴ǿôĹײģ˵İɡĹײĲ˵װߵģ˵Ĺײģ㿴ÿһڶĹײģΨмǿڹײģе㲻ԾǿڹײǱĸ𶦸ŵģûֱѹЩƱ棬ûע⣬Ǻҿ⼸ֵʱ򣬲ŷ֣ײе㲻Ծ
˵֮󣬿˵ڹײĴ֮ȷʵǱۣڻǺúõ𣿡
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114 
ڼѰҳڵͬʱһ֡дƽɽĹ֣Щ˵ѾǳľԶүƲ⼸Ӧʱڵġ
ôһϢԿĹӦþʱµĹĹҵȻ˼ϾͲ֪Ǹʵۡ
ʱڣѣĿ죬ʵҲ졣Ҫ֪˭޷֡ټϣﶼʷѧңүҲֻʶЩѡϾͲ֪˭Ĺ
ǾڼоЩʱһɫĹâмǸײ¶
үȷ֣죬ҲâҪ˵ӹײ˵ĵطüүȷӦ
СģжҪ
үǿڹײģ϶ðһ˿⣬żС˵ҽذУԷһ
үô£ײô¶쿴һ˿еļ£ٳһֻʬ
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˾͸оǿڹײ棬ֻһ˿⣬ĶʲôûСײҲûжײĸӻôһС϶ӦþտʼʱƿС϶
˴ŵʮӣǿڹײֻһ⣬ȻǺԣڰĻԵ÷ǳԡʱȥˣΣղûн٣ɵÿʼɾ衣
үżһƣȻеذмǿڹײĿ
һüͷ΢ԥһ»Ǹүܷǳľտʼм˵̸е쳣һ±
ӽǿڹײ֮ү֣ڹײ¶ⲢǴӷ϶ġǴӹײĵײһСӳģ˷֮󣬶Ƿǳơ
һĴָϸСӣүùȻ󽫹һա
Ȼүǵ˵ͷż˵û£ΪʲôĶ
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ָЩ˵үЩĲܶ
үͷȻ˵ҪǲҪС˾Ͷһ£ûǲҪҪ
ôһѵıǰʵе۲һһɽԼȴĶˡ
ǰˣЩۣСӾˣһ⵰ΪǮǮǰõơһ仰˵һŮѹǰûǸ
Щһۣ·ǴӶԷ֮пЩʲô
оûΣ֮󣬼˵Ļֻصγȥ֮ϡ
˵Ҫ˵ط϶гڣûҵһʬûУ˵Щ޽Ĺҵȿ϶ӳȥˡ
ҹгڣһ޽Ĺҵ͹ڶһ߲档һ㲻Ĺҡôã涼ûһʬ塣˵϶޽Ĺҵʱ˰Ȼӳȥˡ
ҲͬĻҪĻγȥôҵڡ
ѱԱߣȼЩЩһ貵ĹУĲС
үһȻ˵Ǹģǰ϶Ҳ¹Ĺɣ˵˵ǰôȥġ
ҡҡͷ˵ǰֻǸҸȥһɽ¹һĹǸĹѾ̵Ĳˣǽȥ֮ٳǰԼڵĵġƽĹĹͬȫɽĹͷӲʲôЧ
үҡҡͷ˵ҪĻֻܿ浽ﲻԾˡ
ﲻԾ
Ҫ˵ԾĵطײˣĹײĶĹײģǾһڹײľڱ档ⲻ˵ǿǼ֣˵ĹĹˣôڹײƽأ쿴ЩĲС
һۣȻΪ˵еײ⣬᲻ʲôز棿㿴ײĵײ©ˣײĸ浹ûй⣬ⲻ˵ײǼв𣿶㿴ײĲûѹЩҿЩǶѻײԱߵġ
һ˵ͽĿתƵѵı͹ײ档
ϸһѱйĶڹײĵԱߣ͵һǱײѹţҪǶڹײĵԱߵĻڹײĵĺȣҲʵǾˡ
үͷЦˣҲһ˼ܵ˰˵ûǸտʼײԱߵıסעϸһһѵıеķǳ룬˵ײȷʵЩطԾ򿪹ײķ϶ʱûпʲôû
һЦȻ˵ûпǺ棬Ǿôһ˯˹ȥ
Ҫ򿪹ײģǿɣһŵصأү˵
үҡҡͷ˵׵ĿײģĹĴɣҪǴ˻أ߾꣬Ƕûкùӳԡ
ԴԼ˵ڶʲôʱˣҪǲԵĻˡȻͨǣʳˮǶûжˡ˵ײѾŪˣҲûʲô˵û¡
Թͨ˵϶гڣʹȻǰǰĶ淢ֵǸǸ𲻵ãԶõĻҲһĵط
ү΢ĳĬһ£Ȼ˵ǺãͿײġ


115 è˫ʬ
˵ﲻԾڱǿڹײģϸһײĸǽӵصģҲ˵ѱǺĶײԱߡ
׼ڹײĴ򿪣浽ʲô澹ȻӵײһС׶ɢһ˿⡣ĹײĶĹײģֻһڹײƽŵģҲе㲻ͬѰ
Ҫ˵ףǰѾײĴ򿪹һĵ¼ٴοף˶Сġ
үף˶һ߷³ʲô⡣ϾĹҵУ⻹ڹײģҪһԾĻ㲻ûὫĶšһʬֺǼ˶ġ
үԼϻ֣үǺںģҪǰڹײģĻ׾ԼһɫĶȻԼϻһš
ү˫ַסײĵĸӵķ϶͵һӻЩڱүһŪһߴߵ졣
̣
һ¾ͽײĸƿү̽ͷȥ͵һĺ˼ż˵ǶҪĶTMè˫ʬ
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˾
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͵һҧ⣬Ȼ͵ؾүȥ
һĭѪӣүϡͿүڵϴŴ˵Ѿģǰ׼ҪȻĸˡѾ澹Ȼè˫ʬ
۾ү˵ʲôè˫ʬѵѶԸ
үҡҡͷ˵ܼ֣ⶫôĹⶫҲʬ
ʬĹе㲻⡣
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һү˵ĻͻƤĵⶫҲ̫аˡ
үû°ɣеʵ
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ô죿ʵ
үǿڱƿӵĹײ˵Ҳè˫ʬҿè˫ʬĺһܵǸܵ϶ǳڣȻֻһС϶ҸȷܵǱè˫ʬѹӵµġ
ͷ˵ô죬Ȼҵ˳ڣè˫ʬô
Ĭҵ˱ӦǸˣܵһè˫ʬ˸һ¾ѹȥ
żеĬȻԵ˵Ȼҵˣô϶ͿԳȥֻҪгڣôϣʹè˫ʬϾʬ취ȥǡүϸǽè˫ʬ£һ취
үͷ΢˵è˫ʬҲʦҵģҲ˵һ¿ǲ֪ô졣ʦ˵һֽʬǲܶģֽʬЩܶĽʬѶԸֽʬڿè˫ʬʦҲûиҶ˵ʲô˵Щʦռ濴è˫ʬĵط۾
˵ү΢ͣһȻ˵˫۾ĵطǱ˲þֻҪ˿֮󣬱ˣè˫ʬ˼塣ʬһ𣬱űһ沿£һ沿ϡ뽫è˫ʬŪҲҪʬһ档еˣ϶ᷢ裬Ȼ
ѵЩǲⶫ۾𣿡е㲻⡣
үһۣ˵ûô򵥣ⶫһĵطǣֻҪƿĹײġ㳯Ǹλ㲻ʵѾˡǱ۾УֻҪⶫ᲻ȥ
һƨڵϣȻ˵Ļǻǵ
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ʱ˵ʵǲеĻǽڹײİˣⶫڹײأҪǽײİ˵Ļǲ¶𣿡
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ʱ۾һȻ˵ҪǽԼӽײ潫ײèʬ۾סǾܹȥˡ
үҡҡͷ˵УⶫаҪô򵥾ˡⶫҪöס۾Ļⶫ۾ܽ·ˡտɲŻ𣬶ֽ͸ִƼкߴ͸ܡ
ѾⲻУǲУǾͽⶫ˵ˡеŭ
סļ˵һ㣬ⶫ϶ʲôƵϸ룬Ҫ뵽ˣǾͿɵĳȥˡ
ٴ˽֣ⶫʵѶԸҵ˳ڣȫһֽϣһ롣
죬ҼǵһʲôţϾģûУ˵ԴҳһõĶأʱ˵
ԼĻһͳһʪıȻ˵԰ôû뵽


116 è˫ʬ2
һѣ̾뵽ԼﻹһͳԼϾԼĶһóⱾ뵽ԼλûмϾˣҲ֪Լ̵ʱԼ˵ĵǲģԼϾ˻Ҫܵ췣ҪĻԼôһ£ȥ֮󣬾ͻȥԼ̵ǲġ
Ѿ˰ʮ꣬Ȼ廹ǽ׳۾Ͷе㲻ʹˡĸĸҲڼũһСϴѧѾеĻꡣȻǵشBJĶУлǴũ壬һСɽ
⣬ֻҪԼȥͻȥúõĴ죬ҪŪЩȥˣټǰԼЩǮHB׷Ӧò⣬ʱ򣬾ԼļϾBJѹ̫󣬾˷ӣҲĲ𡣻ֶĳбȽʺԼ淢չ
ⱾѾˮʪ˵ıӣ쿪ʼһҳһҳĲǲйèʬļء
Ҫ֪ԼϾ˵ʱֿԱȽϴ
үһţȻⱾŪøӡӣⶫҲǳıһ㶼Яôⶫ첻ٵæ
ŷţͿһҳЩأҵһۡè˫ʬ
дţҲϾһԺпһè˫ʬֻǣè˫ʬѾ˸Ƶˡ
һдţעҪéɽҵⶫûееģǳģ;ĶⶫϣʹԲеķԼѡ
Ҫƽè˫ʬĻͱһԽͯŮѪһѹŴУҲּɷıϵʿ͡߶Уп֮󣬽èʬ˫ڵƽ⡣
󻹻һıʶעܶ㡣㲻รۡ
쿴һ±ϲüͷЩڶС
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а취𣿡һ˶ǰ
˿֮˵Щ߱Ǿȱʲôδ߶а
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ٴγĬⶫҲεĺܣǵһ׳£һ׳ϡҪĻҪذ׽ⶫ۾ŪͲ̫ˡ
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үҡҡͷ˵УĻ˰Ǳ۾һĻǰĸƵȥʱҲа
ô죬ҪȻֱӽʬյˣĻ˫۾ˡ˻š
ûӣղһ㷴Ӧ죬ڿҲҪյĻڻⶫûգһⶫڹײ棬ߣôȼհүһû̺õģ
үǻǸĹ֮вһĻͽʬڲˣ׷ʵ
ү̾Ϣһ˵аǸʬǸոʬģƣֻҪڴϻһԷţͿԽȼⶫɲһ㣬ҪĻûǲеġ
ͬʱ̾Ϣһûʲô취ˣʱ˵ҪȻ۾Ȱʬ۾ŪԣȻȥʱ򣬽è˫ʬൽײĵһߣĻⶫ۾϶ᱻײĵסû۾ǾûˣȻͿܵˡ
ˣ˵Ŀͬʱ죬Ȼ˵
үվ˵˵취ǿԣһһҪСġֻҪ΢е㲻׵Ļǿ϶ǶС
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쿴ү񣬶ʱһ£Ȼ˵ǰɣүҪȡѪҪȡ̫Ļǿ϶Ҫġ
үһɣȻ˵ȡ٣һУʳָУʳָϵѪ൱ġȡİɡ
˵ͷʳָүǰүָ΢ذв˲Ȼ˵һһСӾͳˡ
ʱүذ׵ıָ棬ȻԸָذ׵вϣԼѪһ顣
֮үֽذȡ˻Ȼ˵ˣѪҪôࡣʣµľͽҰɡ
ү΢΢ذףȻҧԼָذ׵İֵĵطһ¡Ȼ΢һתһѪӡӾͳˡ
үһذͶײ棬۾ָʮ״̬֮Уһ
ڼ˿дʲôƵá
ʱү͵۾д󺰳һ֣
һ¾ͷӦү԰ǻûȼ˷ӦүһϹײĸӵĶ˫̤ڹײ档
˫۽գײ濪ʼգ


117 
үֻ̤ڹײĵϣ˫ĿգֱȻšƺܿڹײذһ㡣
үһ켸Ѿֲ֣治֪ôĺáѵүĵ̫˻үӹĽʵ
һᣬүͣȻ۾ϢſŹײ档
켸һүѾ㶨͹ȥ
ʵү㶨𣿡
ү˲ͷϵĺˮȻ˵㶨ˣˣʣµŪɡһƵطûôͣء
ү˵֮ʹӹײȻڹײԱߵĵϡ
һۣȻһȥֱײ档Ϳһʬ壬Ӧ˵߱űʬ壬һ沿ϣһ沿¡
沿ϵôһ棬Ѿү۸ˣ沿µһ滹ǸĹӡ
ʬ໥ģϲûаʲôʬȴһ͵һһһϸһʬм仹һ϶
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ⶫʵ̫ˣûа취֣˰죬Ҳ֪֡
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һʬͲ˹沿ŹײİӡͬʱҲ֣ʬ沿Źײİӵһ£һ˹ײİ档
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үͷ˵ڿˣ߰ɣ뿪ط
ʱȴָǶѱ˵үһβףҪҪһҲǸĿİǰ
үһ˵֪ǮҪ˴˻ô죿
˵Ӧò˰ɣⶫŪˣҪлأֱӾȥȻ˲ˣ
ү΢ĬһȻ˵УգҪðա
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үҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ˳̨ȥˡ
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󣬻ȶ֣һӵĶԼıСһһץһӣҲԼİ档
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ͷŶһȻЦû뵽㻹ͦвŵĺǣҿɵӸ粻һҸоɵӦþײ˲Ż
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찡һţϽȥȻؼءû뵽·ɱһҧ𡣿뽫ӵ¸˲ˡ
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ϲЦЦ˵ǴôˣЩȻҲЩǱϾɽ١ڶʱ򣬾ͻ῿Ұζӣ컹õ㣬ԳԵҰ˻ĢɶģǶͲ˵ˣһ㶼Ὣʳ죬ĻɽϵĶҲܹһ
˵žǰ棬ӵͷĵطдһ֡


127 Ըɽè
켸˸ϲɽϣɽ屾ʹڰɽϣɽ塣ֻҪ΢һɽ¡׻˵ĺãɽɽˮˮһӵҪǿɽеĶ
켸˵ǷһֻסҰֻҰѾΪʱãѾˡ
ֻҰǺϲµŪģֻֻܽҰϲ
ϲֻҰŪУȻֽӰŪáżߡ
ûһַһֻӣʱˣҪǶӣɽеҰȫŪû˲
ʱϲ˵ⲻܣҰȻ٣ҪŪһֻҰǳĲףⶫɣһƬɽϵҰҲɹ
켸˵ͷȻǰߡСƵɽ²֪ɶ߹ˡطӲݴľȴǺ١Ҳڵɽ壬ľǸȥˣµľһЩСӡҪǹϼ꣬Ӧû
֪˶ãһ·Ͽ˲ٵӣеѾŪˡϲ˵ӿ϶ǱҰˣ߱ʳⶫȥ
ϲһһĶЩӰŪ֮ߡ漴˵˶ֻҪɽûʱ򣬶ѱ˼ұƻӸáĻЩӾͻ׽סĸʴһЩ
һ·ǿ˲ٵӣ׽סҲôһһСطһƲӾ׽һЩӣҰʲôĴһĶ
㿴ϲǰָǰһ˵Ϳһϸһë׵Ķ
ϲһϲüͷȻ˵µŪãȥʲôԸһֻɽ
߽һеʧȻ˵ԭֻӣñûǿˡһ˳ɵҰ˻Ģȥ֮ԡ
áһ춼ǹӣкá
ϲӴŪֽӰŪ֮˵ˣϾûŪˣҲɽˣҪȥֻ֮Ӹϸ绻Ҳ⡣
˵е㰵һƺûˣ룬ǲ᲻ϲԼһ
Ū֮󣬾Ϳʼɽ˳ɽӡ˳һЩĵطҵһЩĢһЩ캰ϵҰˡ
ǰںϲϲжԹٷ֪ҰζʲôоʵͨĲ˲࣬ԲʲôζǶһֵζ
ɵĲ֮ߡôһڣһ¾ǻƻˡʱǷǳĿ죬ɽʱ򣬻չءһ¾Ҫɽˡ
Ϻ⣬ӦסϲУҪʰֻɵɽèӡ
صϲļУϲȽֻɽ˳Ȼźϲ˵ϸ磬ҲôһֻɽǸҵģֻһֻӣҪǻ
ϲһüͷһϲŪֻɽôסȻ˵ڶʲôʱ򣬻ʲôֻɽԸֻɽèӰɡֻҲҪˣǾŪһô
ϲһֽкá
ƹѮ˶Ǻȵͨ죬ȻûˣҲֵ⡣һһͽ˸ˡ
үó׼õĶֻɽΪųļѪǺܶࡣһɫڣûʲôү˼ŻƷ˴ԺϣжɵӵĴϡСݣҲ˳˼šбаá
ҪʽĻȻе㶫㣬ǿֻɽջɽèҪ֪ɽèҲʳĶɽ϶˾ͳֻɽèӳԼĹⶫסȻ취Ըⶫ
үǽɽڶɵӵǰͷĻֻɽèֻҪȥĻ϶ῴֻɽʱͿһˡ
ֻɽϱŪӵģһ룬ֻɽèѾ޳ɣ϶̶ǻе㣬ҪŪӣŪݾߡĻðˡ
ǰŪĶҲûʲôϾֻһֻ޳СҰɵɽèӣʲôĴɡԸȽף˶˵èоġֻǶЩЩеľβèѡ
ԸⶫʱүרſˣֻɽèӻһβͣвҪǶһβ͵ĻǾˡֻһβͣǾ˵ⶫոյõʱ仹ã˵ѾŪһǺȻе㲻ʵ
Ū֮ү˶˶ɵӵУֻɽèŵʱ򣬼˾ȥ
£¹šҪ鷳ĻͻȿŰ壬ֻҪӦˣ߿ˣôֻͻ㡣
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ʣµҲû˯ΪŮ˱ԵġүֻɽèӸ˶ɵӵȥӡү͸һŻƷĻֻɽèӾͻΪҲһԵˡ
棬ǷֻɽèܡȻ˵ü˶ȥ˯˭ڻ˯Űʮ㣬үͷԸ˰ѵˣɽèӲŻ
Ǹӵʵڣ˯˯Ҳ˯ţ˶棬ŶɵĶ
ɵҲүһ𣬱ϾɽèӵҪĿǶɵӣҪǶɵȥˡֻɽèӿ϶ݶɵӵϢҵĻү׼Ͱˡɵӿ϶ʧ١

һᣬҲ֪ǼˣͻȻһèС


128 м

ʹһèУүͻȻ͸ое㲻Ծһƺеֲĸоèе졣ƺڽ
Ҫ˵үס͡
ͿһèӰӣ£ֻèӰԵرĸߴ
ϵĶɵΪ˯˹ȥүǶһӺ棬Լס˵ġ
ÿ˵϶һŻƷϵֻɽèӦòῴˡ
èүоƺе㲻ԾһֻȥɽſڵλáֻҪֻɽèһſ϶ܹ֣үое㲻׵Ѿֻܿ˵ˡ
ģģ
ߵŵƺߵšǼ˶֪ɽè·Ҫ˴ӦˣֻɽèͻǴöɵӴӦģɵ˯ˣôӦ
ԼֲܴӦĻֻɽèӻ᲻ͷߵ
ģģ
үȻ룬ǿ϶ɽèӿ϶ôˡ
ৣৣԣ
ƺֻɽèצŰ壬컹үס͵ֻɽèӽ
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һƺǱƿˣһӰŷнˡûֻſ
ʱкӰͣסˣƺǱſڵֻɽסˡ
ү˲ûж֣Ϊ̫Զˣû֡Ҳǰү©ġôԶֻɽɽèӸסˣҲûа취֡
ֻɽèӣƺǺżֻ̽ԵĽֻɽڿСڵϣţϵĶɵ˹
ںڰУͿһֻɽèҪĺӰ˹һߣһĴ·ڵʲôСĵӡ
ҪиĻ켸˿϶ֻܿɽèӵô̬
ڸһƬܿһӰѾܲˡ
ֻɽèӣĿƺڵȴʲôǺżһߣɫβͶһҡһεġʱʱĵ͵ͷ
Ź˼ʮӣֻɽèӣĿ˴ϵĶɵӡүʱ򣬾ֻɽèӵ󣬿ֻɽèӲϵĿɵӣԼĶеż
ڻʱȥҪǳȥĻƻֻɽèˡ
ֻɽèӾ봲ͷ׵ʱүһ̾óǰ׼ĻƷֻɽèӵԴȥ

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ɭɭĺɽèӵ˳ûйҲܸоֻɽèɭ
үһûнֻɽèӸס͸ֻɽèӶֻɽèëүҽлƺڿүһ㡣
үҲһףССɽèӾͰԼŵүԳ
ʱүһߵ˵ذùȥȥ
˳Լذ׵ݸүȻү˵ֻɽèӣҸоôֻһ
үüͷһҲûд졣ĿעֻɽèӣȻ͵ơ
꣡
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ֻɽèԸֻһֻɽèӻǰɫģ쿴ֻǺɫġ
үһƺе㲻ԾʱϷһ
ͨһԭ˯ĶɵӣھȻվзź⣬ֱֱĶүˡ
үһѾģⶫļˣ
ʱҲӦֻɽèԭͳŻḽ˶ɵӵˡǰĶֻɽèֻһֻͨɽèӶѣֻееɽèӣѾ˶ɵӵϡ
ôү쿴ǰֻɽè˵
үüͷһ˵ùֻ׵ģȰѶɵӿס˵ǧˡ
˵ͷһһ׼ɵӸסֻɽèӿǴˡŵµֻɽèӺһֻɫɽèӾͲҪˡ
һֻɽèӶԼһҧͶⶫһ¡ЧǺܺãֻɽèֱץסһֱֻ档ĸ첲Ҫ¿˺ҧ
һĳʹ͵ؾͽֻ˦˳ȥ

һһͽֻɽèӸ˦˳ȥ
ֻɽèӽסˣԱߵҲͲˡү˵ô죬ҪҪȥһѡ
үҡҡͷ˵û£һֻèѣȵȣȰŹϣǧҪֻɽèˡ
ͷˣһֱ˵ſڵλãŽŸϡ
ı鲢Ǻ˹⣬Ϳɥү˵үڵе㲻ҸղƺҲèС
үüͷ˵Źغ˾ͳɣǵèˣһֻɽèӿȫѶˡ
һѽֻɽèӸ˦ɫɽèӳʹĲҽһȻӿʼˡƺҪһܡ
ǾֻɫɽèҪ˵ʱֻڶɵϵɽèһ˻ŵֻɫɽèˣɪɪǾǲٶ칥
ʱ򣬾ͼֻڶɵϵɽèӹֽһƺèɸɵĴһ˹ȥ
һ亹ˡһߵң
һ죬Ϳ챻ֻɽèӸһͷڵϳʹĽš
ֻڶɵϵɽèӣûгˣٴ׷ץһֻɫɽèһ¾͸˺ˡ

ֻڶɵϵɽèӽֻɫɽèӸ˺֮󣬾һڽֻɫɽèӵĸԼȻֽһ


129 
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һֽƺڶһȺɽèӺС
һЩӦè쳹ƽҹС
źʹ淢һèצӹŰ
ৣৣԣ
һȻŴŰ嶼ѾˣŷҪһȺɽèӶˣ϶Ҫ군һֻɫСɽèӾͰѼͷתģҪһȺɽèӻѼ˸ˡ
үô죿쿴վڴƺҪȥɽè˵
үĴһ˵ܣֻɽèӳȥſںʹһҪʵˣҺⴰʵġҪȻⶫ㲻þͽŪˡ
һۣȻıƽֻڶɵϵɽèӡ
ֻɽèƺǾ쵽ıƽ͵ؾŤͷȻ˺
һһҵķֻֿɽèӳ˹ȥǰԽֻڶɵϵɽèӸסĻͿٽֻɽèӸŪɵ⡣ֻҪⶫ˶ɵӵ壬ô϶а취ԸϾûǵɽèӾһ״̬үֻҪɱоͿ˺
ֻɽèӣƺûǰôöԸǰֻɫɽèת塣Ļû塣ֻɽèӿ϶ûȥˡ
ү˱ƽֻɽèӣԼҲţóһ̤ӻƷһŵܵǽϣ棬ȫǻƷֻɽèӱʱҷ϶ˡ
˿һ㣬ֻɽèӾһֻɽèһһ߹ֽУٲȻһֻèڷŭʱ򣬶ŵ˴󺰵龰
һȻͷͬʱóذףذ׶ڵϡذһѱذףһѱү͸ǰذסѶǾɷƷڸòţֻɽèѾ˶ɵӵϣҪذ׵Ļ϶˺ɵӡⳡս
ӵذ֮ſ˫Ҫֻɽèѹȹȥֻɽèһ¾ըˡ

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ɽè֮ү棬Ȼ󽫴Ҳ˼ŻƷһ·ˣƺֻɽèӲûо쵽ʲôֻ۾үˣȻ۾Чֱ˶ɵӵ˫۷ס
˿ʼšүԱߵ컹ͷ˵һһλм䣬ⶫôܡֻҪǰסˣͺðˡǾѹⶫΪ·ߡ
ү˵˵ߣ
үǰֻɽèӺ

һۣƺʲô˫ſֶһ㣬ǰƶ
ҪСѹߵġҪЩСʲôģֻҪһ¾ܸѹ˵ꡣⶫͬѾ˶ɵӵϣЩֻܶһѹȸУʵϵ˺ûС

һèУӶɵӵĿк˳ƺǸевУˣȻֻɽèӲû̫Ķڴƺڶɲһ㡣
үüͷһȻֻɽèӺ̩ɽѹ
죬⡣ҸһȻǰƽһ
ֻɽèӣһеץˣ˿ûǰͥĸоһ̡ɵӵϣͳһֽǵ飬Щ֮⣬׵۾ͻ
üͷʱ򣬶ɵӦûʹ࣬ȻԼûиоһ˯ߵ״ֻ̬Ҫɵһ϶оϵĲʡ
ģ䣡
ϻϵӵȻɽè֪ɽèΣաͷˣЩɽèȻûʲôײŵġҪĻ϶Ҫ渽ڶɵϵɽèӽŴ򿪡
ɽèͱ˵Ƹѹסˡ˵ǿˣԼܲ˻Ǹ⡣
үͷ󺹣󲢲ǺֹֻۣҪûнⶫƷûа취Ƶ˾ơ
ֻڶɵϵɽèһƺе㲻ԾЩԼͬ鲢ԼƺҲżˣͼֻɽèӿʼŲ壬Ȼǽڡ
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үһȻֻɽèӺ󣬾Ϊ˼䣬㣡
ү˵֮󣬾óһŻƷֻɽèԴͷȥһšŻƷûֻɽèӵʱ򣬾ȼ

ֻɽèӣһƷȼһү˻
үһ˵УѾˣֻɽèӻǲ£ֳߣȽⶫҰסˡҪǲУ취
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ʹĽһһ¾ͱֻɽèӸŪڵϡɽèӵ֮һ¾˫סĲӣҪ
죬һֵֻԼĲ棬Ȼһֻץסֻɽèӵӿڡý͵һţֻɽèӾͱ߿档
үһֻɽèϳ˿ҪתҪ죬Ϳֻɽèӱ߳ȥ֮վԱߵĴһţ


130 ͻ
ŪҪȻ군ˣүż˺
켸һֻɽèӵĽѾ˴

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һû߿ֻɽèͼˣҪߵڶšʱѾվӣһѾͽֻɽèӸ

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үüͷһŶɵ˵Сӣŵ㣬һ;㣡
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131 ɽèƪ
ʱɵӿͻȻܳһ䣬˻ɵѾֻɽèӸˣʱôһ˻أ
ү˿˵ɽèӺͶɵӵһ淢˳ͻɵӵڸֻɽèȨ
һ仰д󾪣ͻ֮ʲôȻǼ˲ġ˵ɵӱѹȥˣ᲻ᱻֻɽèӸռ塣
ү΢Ļ˿˵ˣҲҪˣңھͰһ󷨡ĻŶɵӵֻɽèӵгͻʱǾͳûֻɽèӸŪ
ҡҡͷʾףȻү˵ôŪⶫȻе㲻öԸ
үЦЦ˵㿴ڶɵڸⶫпܣ屾ǶɵӵġҪ֪ɵӿû껹ڣҪǾô׽ӸֻɽèӸȡˡǻ˵ãϾӻǸɵӵǺϵģɽèҪɵӵǰ·ɱҲùɡ
ү˵֮վȻһȻóŻƷסɽèΧΧһȦӡֻɽèӸ͹ȦˣֻȦڡ
㶨֮үֶ˵վֻɽèӵŪһ򵥵ĻǾͿԽֻɽèӸԭͣõʱ̡סˣһ´ɵϽֻɽèӸŪˡʱֻɽèӿ϶ˣǾͿԼ򵥵ʰˡ
˵ͷȻֱվһλʱүذ˹Ȼڵϡɫĵ档
˵׼ˣҪһֻɽèһ¾ͳĻͶֽⶫŪˣ˵ذ׶ԸĻ취ŪҺ
ӺӣȻү˵үԸˣôܸ㶨ˣ
үüͷһ壬Ȼ˵Ծ֪ˡ
׼֮ү֧˳֧Ҳǰ׼õġʱʱĴһŵ

ƺײľţү˸ͲЩֻҪֻɽèӸ㶨ˣʲô˵
վ֧֮ϣ֧㣬ǰ֮⻹ô˵Σá
һж׼֮үһȻʹһ
˻֮󣬷λͱһ¡ͬʱж֧㣬ʱүֻɽèӺ󣡡
ֻԭڵϴɽèһ¾͸סˣΪɵӺֻɽèͻɽèӸͿƲ塣үһ÷ϵɽèӾû˶ıǶɵӵ

үᣬֱӳУŶɵӵԴϾһһ£ɵ˻֮Уһ˺ֻɽèӡֻǽɵӸ衣

ûмӵʱ䡣ֻɽèͺĿĶүǷ䵱һ˿
үһóе֧㣬һ¾˶ɵӵԴϡҲ˵ֻɽèӵԴ档
ֻɽèӷһʹֻɽèӱܵľͿʼҡԴҪԼԴϵ֧ŪôҡԴ֧ûʲôӦ
Ҫڵϣ΢һͿԽڷ·ճԵһɽèҲǶɵӵԴ档ǷһɹɵľɵӵĶꡣ
۵ֻɽèȫᣬҲ֪Ƕɵӵỹɽèӵᡣ
ү֮ȻȡһרΪװֻɽèӵõġֻҪⶫˣʲô˵ʱҲǼ˴⣬ⶫˡڣֻɽèѾ֮
үŪʱ켸˲ſֻ֧ɵӵһֻ꣬һֻƺҲһӵİԿ϶Ӱ϶ʲôĶƺֻɽèӵ塣
ү˶ɵһֻ棬ƺԵһ㣬ֻɽèӵ塣Ҳһ߶ϵİ̡
ʱףүһпǱǰˣֱӽⶫװ档ⶫܣֻܱӡ棬˳ݹĻ޳ء
ⶫϾѹ˵
үüͷһֱţֻҪⶫոˣôү϶ͿϢһˡ
ǹӰƮ˽ȥȻˣһ߶ǹǴһҪһ¶ԼĶĻʲôЧ붼˷
˴Լӵʱ䣬ǲڶɵͷϵҲȼˣүŽһߵ˳˿
ͷ˵ˣǽⶫ˽ȥȽɵ̧ϣúõ˯һͺˡ
үеǿ澹ȻһƬɫĶⶫӦþǰֻɽèİɡ
˽ڵϻԵĶɵ̧˴ϣȻү˵Ⱥɽèô죿
үɵЦһȻ˵ϴ󶼱ǸŪסˣҲһȺûǻ۵Ķѣһ˳һӽȺɽè߱ǡ
ү˵֮󣬾ͿʼĴѰӣûʲôɵüͷȻ˵ڣ˯һʰǡ
èһҹ켸˸ûй档ڸֻɽèӸʱ̫ˣŪüڴϾ˯ˡ
ڶ峿ʱ򣬼˴ţʲôûУֻϻдһèצӡ
̾һһڿԻؼˣ


132 һ
ɽè֮컹ү˱ɽص˳еС
ص֮пĶ࣬һγп˵ǷѾۣ;еΣһһءǻصôһڣһµʱˡ
ţȥɽ棬ĹѨ֮оʹһڡڼĹѨ֮гԷ˯ʱ򶼲֪ô£֮ĹУȫûʱĸ
һУ˲ˣгصγоˡһûȻ֮һŶϰ壬ڸΪγУǸŶҲˣļϡ
һ裬ǰпǸŨױŮˡǶĺ裬ҸŮʮ
ЩǮӵһ飬Ѿ̳еĹŶ˶ˡҪ֪ױֵѾ͸ǸŶ˶ˡŶĶǺܶ࣬һЩƷһЩĶܵļֵǺܴҪǸ滹еƤֵЩǮ
Լһ׷ӣʾȥһסҲæŶꡣ
쵹̹ȻŶԣҪһס컹ûǸ׼ټסŮ˵ķӣܳܵġ
Щ֮콫ԼӹĹ֮ŪŶ֮õһٶֽ𡣵ȻЩһݵԭ
֮ĹϵЩαϾڵ۸һ¾һһ¡Ȼ˵жŪһǮ˰֮࣬ЩʵǺֵǮΪǱʯһЩӶеġԼǮ涼ǲܸߡ
һ֮Աߵ˵СӣǲǮż찡һٶ򶼸㻨ˡ
һԼ˵㶮ʲô㿴ڣһƣһһٶƽĴӡСǲʡǵǮʲô˵ˣ˵ǮһӹˣڻʡǮǱ㣡
̾˵С˵ľͲˣǮ˼ҵģûйϵҾô򡣻˾ûˡһ׷ӣʱҵļ˶ססĻҲһТ
վǽϵľӿ˿Ȼ˵ڵСϲǮˣڿµϣֻҪѧУſתһ£ͻһȺŮעٺ٣ոһŪһС椣ͦƯģ㿴ȥˣҸջʮǮʡҽԺ˵ӣôţ
һ˵ǮŮˣûˡȰûʵ㣬ҸܽġڵŮ˿ǻǮҪҪ㲻Сĸ̯ˡӻ˼ҺȲء˵˵ӣôˣϷ𣿡
һͦȻ˵϶ϷˣʮǮأټһͷװһ¾͸㶨ˡǼҽԺ׼ƸΪΣȻûѧ˰һ֤֤һôټһķӡٺ٣εĻ͹ˡˣ죬ô죿ȥŶ𣿡
˵֮һϲĿ졣
ͷ˵ûҾˣһŮҲǲ׵ġ˵Ѿ˵ĹϵˣȻûϽ֤ɣҲˡȥסģҿԼסȽϷ㡣Ҳˣܵķˮ϶û˵Ȼһ¥һġ۸ҲȹͰѷӰպҲŶﲻǺԶҲչ˵
̾Ϣһһʼɵ˵СãҾ͵ÿԼŬˣڹϵѾͨˡҾͿʼصԭĸλɣ˵Ҳǹ֣ǰһǮһְǻصԭְλСӿǲ˰һֳ˸ҹӸˣϰһ𰡣
ҡҡͷ˵˵㣬Լôΰһ˭֪СǿǸгݴͨĹϵǰҴְһСҽСӸһҵйϵӣһϸھһΣȻ˵ǻһҰɣˮͷˣֱʡСӹݵģСӽĻɲҪҰ
ٺһЦȻ˵С˵ģҶôƵã˵ҲԣҾô͡Ҳû취⣬Ҳҵ£Ҳֻ˳ӦᡣǿעˣҾ˾˵һʱڣϴʱڡǵĶҪˣ¶
˵ҵû£ڣҸѾһЩصĶˡֻһŲҪˡһʱ䣬һ׼Լٿ꣬ЩŶ͵ģеġܸܲһиɵףܵи·ǣҵú˵һ׬ͷ
ٺһЦȻ˵ܵ˵Ǹǰһˡ㿴ⷿӣ⳵һСȻĿ죬ǲ̤ʵԺԲЩȵĹҵСӣǺǣ뵱ѧʱǿɶ⵰һȻһ˲ݣǵࡣڶΪһ˽ǵıˣһ˻Ǻ°
ͷʾͬȻ˵׼ϼһˣȻ󿴿ҵ̻иĸǮˣҵ֤ʵһǸϾ˵ô¡һУξϾ˴ǸĵطŪȻҸˮذˡŰģҲŬ׬ǮĶ
һ㶣Ȼ˵˵УξҪĻ϶ҪѲǮġ˵УξǵĹһ̩Ǹʶⷽ𣿡
ͷ˵ʶһɽѺܸߣ۾ڸûôǮѼһõĶջԼɽԼ
һ㶣Ȼ˵ʲôĶԣ֪
ҡҡͷ˵ⲻλؼҲĿġǱҲ˵ҪҪؼһˣ˳㿴ǵʦ
̾һ˵ҲǣܶûȥˣҲûȥˡȻҼûмˣҲûȥǵʦôŰɡȥҽԺڵļ١ҲǸոմͨ·챨ҲνǿȥҲǷһ㣬ǺСҲˣǿ˼İɡ
ͷ˵򳵾ȵȵȣȻ¶ͻȥȥ
˵֮վһһӣȻ˵ˣȻȥˣҵȥ꣬ȥȥ


133 
֮󣬵ڶһͬصϼҡ˼ʻİµϽγһصб˵Ĺע
Ľ򿪣Ȼ濴ڹЦƺҫԳ
һ˵ũ壬ҲҪ̫ˣȻСˡۻǵ͵СãҪһȺھӸĥˣһ˽ģǾͲҪˡ
һŵͺ£ˣȻ˵Сܵһǵ͵һĺá
˿ŰµϽγڴ·ϵ·ͣ²ӿʼ
һڵϴԱߵС˵˰ɣ⳵Ժ㳤ҲҪ򡣺úѧϰ⳵ˡ𣿡
Ӵ⳵ȥ˭ҵİиˣ

˳˿ų߹֮ʼ۷׷ףҲƶĴûмܿϳģҪܿϳĻ϶ǮָѾٹˡ˵ĳǰµϣڴ˵ǿ
߳
˴ӳǰİ巿е̾ıǸСԭ졣Ҳʮңһֱƺ塣
߰ɣǽȥǵĶȥǰõƷ˽ȥ
һߣһ߿ܵĻʵ̫Ϥˣһлϸǰû䡣Դ˴ѧ֮󣬾ûСϴѧ֮ǰ˵Ǵ꣬ÿѧȥʱ򣬶ϰһЩĶ
ܵĻȻǸҲûиı䣬һ㶼ϴŵģҲΪ˷Լ¡
һķˮʦϲ»ǿǷһģҲһˡ
Ժ֮󣬲ûмĴ󺰣ϸĹ۲һϤĻͿʱǸ쾹ȻڣȻԺӲǺܴ󣬵͵ũС԰ǸʱΪ컹ԾԺӵһŪһ졣ڿ֮Ǻ޲صȥȻһᡣ
пʵ̫ˣҲһ
ߵǰĽõľƿʱĺһ壿
˭һȥʮ꺺Ӵˣˣסˡ
壬Һڻˣ˵֮󣬾ͽĽ꺺ӱ˻С
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Ǹ꺺ӺǺһЦȻ˵ǲ⼸겻һĶϰ˰ɣһΪأ
ŵһߣȻ˵ô˶أҪǶҲûнĳɾ͡Ǻǣ
꺺ЦЦȻ˵ûг緹İɣ͸ȥ
ס꺺ӵ֣Ȼ˵ãǶˣ˳ԵˣƿӺþƣǽͺ
һЦȻ˵ǳɣ׼һ£üûмˡҲúһɣ
˼򵥵ʰһ£ȻС˾ӡͿʼȾơ
ϯϣŶ˵壬һˣҪȥסɣ׼ӳ׷ӣԼһڼУҵҵĵһ¡
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Ʊ˶һ֮󣬶Ŷ˵Ҳմ˱˵Ĺ⣬ǺǣвĻҲסڵ棬ҿ൱ƽʱסġ
һЦȻ˵ˣһڼɣأҲɡͷ
˵֮Ŀ⿴һװۣټһµϳôôһ
קһԼ˵ûǵֻԼɣҽԺ浱һΡϰ˶
˵֮ȫζļʣ͵͵Ʋһ졣
˹һЦ̸ĵʹ졣ӹŵ񣬴ӽδģʲôƶ档
һת˵Ҹսӵһе㼬֣Լһ˰첻պ԰һ£طеԶû档أԷе㲻ԣ˼ҴԶ죬Ҳ˼ܾ
΢΢һЦȻ˵壬ʲôܰ϶ģ
һ׾֮Ȼ˵Ҳʲôǰ˰һɥ£Ҳǽ˸չҵģҪǹͷߡʱе㳤ԺſʼᡣʲôѡأѡʱˡҲûȥأˣ͸һȥɡؼһϵĻһ˲øɣطķе㲻ͬȥ˵еаͰһ¡
˵ɣû¡һڵļ٣ҲǸոպáǵȻȥһˣĻǹһͬȥ
ЦЦ˵ɣҸȥǹУտʼһæĹͷߵʱʱе鷳ѡ˾ͻҹȥʱȴţ¾͸Ǵ绰
ͷ˵ɣôŰɣ
켸˸֮ؼңȻһٿȥ˵ļұþͲԶǸڴѡ
ص֮ȿıǰһе棬һӦò˵İɣ⳵еİ


134 
Ҫؼңǰͣһɫ쵹֪Լļп϶ûǮģҵ꣬Ȼÿ¶ǮǵǮǹǮҲôһǮȻԼеǮˣֻ˵ԼƱʱнˣҲֻԼԼһǮˡ
ȻǮڳ˵һ㣬Ƕũ˵һٶɲǸСĿҪ֪ڴÿ׬ǧǮˣͻȻóһǻ˸Żˡ
ңȻżſڴһһ
սţӭܳˣ춨һԭԼĸĸ̡ɵЩϲϾüûлˡһͿԼĸĸڼеԼ
һӦȻ˵ǻˣΪ㲻أ
ٺһЦȻ˵û·϶³Ի˵㡣ðɣҸǴĶ
˵֮󣬾ͽһ˿˿˽¶˻ЦȻԼĶӳˣ֪ТԼˡ
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ĸĸһ㶣Ȼ˵ʲôϢѵְ˲ɣȲ˵ȸҹһˡ
챻ĸֱŽԱߵһ䣬ûн
ȥ֮ĸ׶˵죬һ£׼أҲС˸³ɼҵʱˣ㿴һ£ﲻͦˮģҲǲǴѧѧû㣬ҲǸбҵѧе㲻Ṳ̄ʵ
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ĸһ㶣ȻԴ˵ʲôϢǲһһ͵ĸţɲУǮҲҪ
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ǮЦŵͷ˵ߣ֣ȥȥƲȥϤһºǺǣ
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ʱŮҲŤͷȻкߣе΢졣ũŮ˶΢΢ɬ֣ŮҲ⡣
ŮŤͷ֮˵ãҽǮ£
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˵ŮľվȥʱĿŮģȻи̾ѾģũŮҲȳŮ˲ˣ


135 ѡ
һصУһﵹǺãԼҲţⲻûи͸ԼŪһ׻ᡣ
ǻʵ۲̫༱ŪһŮҲǿģ첻˵еֱ˵ѣŮľȻֱˤӴˡľһٻɫɫ
֮ĸ׶˵˵죬ļٵģ㾹ȻˣһҪ׼ڳӣ
ЦЦ˵ǰ˵һ㶼٣ҪҴλȥ￴ʱڵϸպÿ԰ǣ
ʱĸĸ໥һۣȷ˵ĲǼٻ
žͷĻϲŮ˾ǰĶĸ׾Ϳʼ롣ֱӾˣӦԼĸס
˵Ǵȥӱ򷿵ģķӻǱˣʡǺǣˣͽϹȥ
ĸĸ̾ϢһȻ˵ˣǻڼɡǶ֣ءȻǮˣôͶڼЩǮУҲʡˣȽңˣڼɡǺǣ
ɫ΢΢ѿȻ˵ĻҾͰѼŪһ㣬һᾭϵġ
ôһ룬оҲԣԼĸĸˣϾǲʺڳ汼ˣڳԼչ˲ãԻڼɡԼǮҲ
ĸ˵죬ŮѻǿδϱǰøĸǺǣ
ٺһЦȻ˵Ͼͷİɣ֤⡣

һҲ΢΢ЦˣĳĻ˲ٵĻ֡

ʰöڼһ죬Ȼڶϣ㿪ųԼĸĸ⳵֮Цˣвɵ룬ԼĶӿϢˡ
Լĸĸ֮׼ȥǰԼǸطȻڼһ죬뷨ʵڲУڳ׷ӣԼĸĸ̶
һ߿һ˵˵壬˵㲻£ǲе
ͷ˵ҲǣⶭǰԼٰһĺϲµģһ¾Ȼ˵㶨ˣ룬ǲǶʲôӡҪӵĻҲӦóְһ£ȻвУôЩүҸоԼӦһĶӦÿԸ㶨
Ҳͷʾ϶»еԺϾǲٰɥ£ҪʲôӵĻ϶ȥе㲻
һţͼӿٶȡ˵ԶʵҲԶءг˵һĹ
ǰɣûгȥﶼһЩܵĹߣ˵ʲôӣ綯һࡣг֮ٶȸͲһεġ
ܿ죬ݶ˵ַҵӡ
˵ǸӣسǱϵһӣӦÿ˵ڳˡӦǳˡ
˿ųָĵطһͿһȺһæµţŪӵģġһ㣬СǰͣżǰŰ׵ӡ׵ӣǴ֮󣬵ǰİɫĵӣȫǰֽĳ״
³֮󣬾ͿǰһһͷͶĵԱߡǱɥˣֻҪ˽ɥ˾ͻģʾɥ
˽صشһɫ·Լǰ׼һֻ׻ҲǶߵľη
³֮ǰϵƺſһ£Ȼ˵أĺţǽȥɣ
³Χ˾СȻûмô˿ź϶ڲ²ݡ
΢Ĵһطǰһ֣ǸľţӦǮ˼ҡ滹ɷŵǱڻһžһӭɵıڻܵ˵С¥ǰӦǱȽϸԣġ
űɥչ˵ͷع˻֮󣬱ԱߵĴ¡
ţȥ֮һСԺСԺ߷ֱһЩȦǰмߵһյ͵ƣԼһЩƷСԺ沢ûˣԵеͱ˵ա
Ŀ˿ȻͷߵСԺǰİһȡȼͶ¡
һݣʹһĺ޵ҲǱɥĹ󣬻ǰݷߡֻҪݼߣҪһ󣬱ʾҲǷףͳ
˰֮󣬽̳ϣȻ쿪ǰȻͽȥˡ
ȥ֮󣬾ͿһȺͷײڵϣ沿ŴеĺɫײĿеǵĳеĵеţ޶˵׼
˾ֱߵǸɫײǰְ£ȻſײԱߵˡһµӣһʮŮˡӦǹײ׽ˣߵӺͶӡһһң˲Ȼ˵ڰһϵеĿ׻
Ȼ˲ʶߣǼȻǰɥˣȻߣôһ׳ߵĻҪߵġ
˽ߵ׽ļȰ֮ΧŵҲԱߵ档
׼֮Ÿ˵
Ȼ˵ˣӦ죬һοʺͰ֮Ž⡣ȻʵĸǶͽܣҲǰæģ֪
еĶ嵱ȻǶ죬˽֮󣬸ûп壬Ŷߵļѯʡ
ߵ˵Űȥѡȥˣ
Ů˵֮̾Ϣһͷ
ǼеĳӣһѡضɳǰȥڹײıϵӦǴӡ


136 ѡ2
ߵļУҰյصķ׵һߡҴߵļе֪ߵļȥѡȥˡ
˴ŵѯһµַ֮˱ߵļ˵һȻȥȥһѡҲõ˵ʱ򣬱Ͼѡ֮ҪڷأѡҪǿǷˮ͵ڷҲĽڷصһ±ߵĳڣҲǳᣬһɡ
ѡصĵطũ壬ԱԼصλãҪµĵطҪߵĸĸǷߵĸĸֻҪһ˻ڵĻڵصķϣǲصġ͵õߵĸĸȥ֮߸ĸߴȥŻء
صĻҼеĸĸѾȥĻͲѡأֱϰձἴɡڼȻҪѡصĻ˵ҪôûǴӱĵطȾӹģҪôǸĸһϽڡ
˽ȥ֮󣬲ûзˣ˵ǱȾӹģûء
˺ܿ˳ߵ˵ĵط˹ȥطߵļҲǺԶϾ˵ˣسǱϾǳСһ˶еأĻһ󶼻Լеĵᡣ
˳˴ӣ˳һСһ֮󣬾ͿԶһȺæšѡذɡ
һԱߵ˵ǰ档
˲ɵüӿ˲Ȼ·ʺϿ߱ǣôҲؿųȥ˱㲽ǰȥ⻹ûһأ㿴һȺڵѡء
ûһᣬ˱㿴һվһ΢һĵϣĴԱһͷϴŰײˣȻ˾ߵļǸվһСϵ˱Ƕ塣Ա߻һȺųͷˡ
ƺǸо˱ˣһ¾Ťͷʱպ
ˣ΢΢ЦЦȻ˵Сӣˣ
ЦȻ͵Цģܲ˼ϵˣֺǰɡе㲻Ȼ
û˵ʲôǱһġϾߵļǰûǳĬһ㣬ҲǶߵء
ȸĳ̸䣬ԱʾοȻһк˾΢Զһſʼ˵
ߵĳӣ΢˵䣬Ÿ˵
ӶĿе֪߽ġеΣͻȻжġԣе㼬֡Ͼе㲻ģʲôȥ֮󣬼еҲűھӼеֻҪһϾͻҽСе㺦£˶ⳡɥ˳㽫߳һ¡
Զ˵壬Ǳеģѵвô
쿴һԱߵ˵⣬ҲҲûʡؼ²ܹܵģҲǸҽôࡣҲ˼ȥʡп϶ŵҪȻ˲ܾô򵥵ľ˵˻ôģصڣ
̾ϢһȻĿ⿴졣
һۣȻС˵ڻѡһط˯ĵطǾ취壬ûڰɣ
ҡҡͷ˵ҲڵûдĶϡֻҪһʮͻἦɹеģҳһƬǵЩˣһµĲУⲻϣ˾ʣЩֱϵˡЩϵԶֻǰѡذɣʲô˵ˡ
˵֮󣬾̾ϢһžվС·ԱһС档ȻĴ
ʱҲվСĴһطıƽطˮΪֻһƽС·һСѡ΢һ㣬⿴ܻܿ
ѡأƽطˮеѶȣȻ֪һˮ£ǻǸ㲻⵽ô¡Ͼƽطˮղ˵ģûɽˮֻͲ֪֣Ļ⿴ܵĸ¥͵⣬ûʲôĿԿ
ʱ򣬶ӿڴóһ̣΢Ķ׼һλǰǿҲڶһ˺ƺƵɱ
һᣬͣ½ŲȻ˵λɣ
طžǰС·ʮסͿ
Ǹ˵壬𣿡
ͷ˵Ƚϲ㿴һȦͷġλˮ
üͷ˿ܵСѾˣ͵һЩ뿴ȥƺǶλе㵹
ʱ򣬶Լıҳ㣬ȻֽϵӰһЩżæڷص˵ǰæӶһ£һƽ׵Ŀյء
Ӧ㿪ʼܿ죬һӾͱʱ򣬶ӵм仮һʮ֡Ȼ󼤰еȼ֮󣬲ʮм䡣
ȼ֮󣬶˵ǵȻȼ֮ǾͿʼڣ
Ӧͷһվſꡣ
һʱͻȻһȻˡһȻĿ⿴졣
Ҳ֪е㲻ǹүģֻҪˣ˵ү㣬Ҫ;ˣ˵үҪ㡣ٶĻҲǲȵġ
һ֧֮Ҫ׼ȼͳֹˣȻһ졣
ʱԱߵһ˵еĻֽ


137 ڷ
棬Ȼһ֧Ȼүˡ˵ĲԾ϶ԹĿ
ԱһҪŻֽ˶֪ʲôáԱߵĶҲ֪ڸʲô
ùŻֽ֮ȻԱߵǸ˳˵ңʱʲô͸ʲôҪǲϵĻͲҪҵġ
ʱһԱߵĶ죬ͷ֮ŵͷʾķԸ
ʱ츩ӼһңȻŻֽҲ֪ڹʲôֻһᣬͣӣʱٿ֧㣬һ֧Ҳˡ
콫ֽڵϣȼ֮󣬶Աߵ˵㳯Ŷĸλÿһλͷ
ԥһ£ô˿Լ˵ʲôû˵ʱ򣬶˵ֶӣͽܵķɡϵŻᰲ
ܿһ£Ȼͷż˵ɣҾġֻҪϵܰͳɣ
ŶĻƺе˼ǻлⲻ£ֻҪǽ˰İԼ¾ˣﶭæȵлһҪʶô£϶Ļ
ڵϣĸλֱͷȻӽЩûȼĻֽһӷ˷
ֱֽȼֽ֧֮ȼ
֧ȼ֮ͷ˵عӺǺǣ
ȫȼ֮ŶŶ˵ڿʼɣȻعӣó綯ˡ
ͷż˵ڿʼɣֶӣһ¡ľͽǾˡ
ʱͷӦ֮󣬾Ǹȼչĵط鱿һ¡ľͽЩæˡ
վһԿЩˣܿ죬ⴺôڡûһ˰׶Ĵӡ
ʱое㲻ԾطķˮƺǲԾص¾ȻȫһЩɳӡȫɳˣطҪҵɳӿǲôףҪסϰ׾ɳӣ˵ⶭ쿴ķˮе㲻Ծ
һԱߵĶС˵壬Ҹое㲻Ծôȫɳӣ
ҡҡͷ˵û£طϸλӣҪȫʪĻͲԾˡɳӺ
üͷһ壬Ȼ뵽ΪҪǹײŶԡȫɳӣͲԾˣҪ˵λĻӦǸŶԣôɳӡ
һᣬƺҲ⣬üͷ塣ܵһȥʶ죬쵹˹ĽԼ˵Щ˵һͨ췢֣˵ʱüͷһֱšţ˵ⶭҲ֪طԣֲ˼˵⣬ܲ˵Լ˷ˮԼĲ·ˣ
͵͵ܵԱߣȻС˵壬ˮǲǿˣҿе㲻Ծȫɳӣҵ⣬ˮ϶ˡ壬ʵʵ˵ɡ취һ£
ʱüͷȻС˵죬Ȼ㿴ˣҲˡҪǿʼˣͲٱطˡҲֻӲͷƤˡ²˵Ҫ˵ȥĻ϶군°
쵹֪Ҫǿڣ϶ǲһطġһطܡҲʧȥ˷ˮ塣ķˮʵǲôȫɳӡֲعڷأ
ȻŶ˵壬㿴ɲɣǽڵ΢һ㣬Ȼؿһ㱡Ļ϶ûʲôˣȻķˮȻûиı䣬룬ؿˣҲͨķˣ
֮ͷȻ˵Ҳֻˡ
ûһᣬһؿӾںˣϾ˶࣬صĻڷءٶȷǳĿ죬ں֮ؿ濴˿Ȼ˵壬ںˣ
߹ȥ΢Ŀ˿Ȼ˵ٰؿʮ֣Ҹоеߴ粻
˵⻰ȫΪ˻Ӷѡ
֮ȥûһ㴦ˡ
ʱż˵öһŪȻŪؿ档ֻҪ΢Ľɳӻסˡ
໥֪ٸʲô
ʱе㲻ˬˣȻŶ˵壬Ǹʲô
ҡҡͷ˵λķˮ̫ڸ㽫ɢȥ֮󣬾Ϳڵһˣ
ͷԱ߼æ˵һŰն˵ȥˡ
һжŪ֮󣬶кҹոںõķؿӾҲǰյصķ׶ѣһж׼֮׼ȥ
һߣԱߵС˵滹ŵ㿴ҲôĻ㿴ϲʧȥ˱˵飬ֵʲôƵã
ͷ˵һʶȥҿ·֪Щʲô
˵֮󣬾ȥ˵Ⱥ˾룬һߵģߵ΢һ㡣۾Ķˡ
Ŷ˵壬⵽ô°ƺŵҪǲ֪ĻҪǳʲô£ǿǲ֪µôİ
΢Ŀһ£Ȼ˵ŵڲ˵Ȼȥ֮ٸ˵£һ㣬Ҳǹǵ£ٹܡֻҪˣǵ¾ˣ
˵֮˵죬ȥ֮Ҫú׼һõĶҪú磬ˣ


138 ҹ
ȥ֮󣬶ߵӸοһȥ˸ŵĿͷС¥ûУıǿͷⷢɥɣͦģϳ£һݶˣʣµı˱Ƚ׽ˡϻҪ컹ж˰æ飬ڳʲô¶ˡ
ͷ֮͸ʼӻǲİ趼ǱȽϺãϾ˱ȽǮŴרŸ켸˼ӵһλҪүǼһŴе㲻ԣּһ˿۵
滹һЩˮʲôģˮ趼С
棬ǳһᣬֻصϡ
˵ǲ⣬ҿеΣ㿴˳ǸŮ֮ƺûֱ˰
ͷ˵ţҲˣûʲôϵ͸˵ƺе㲻ԾֻҪˣ֮ǾˣǼȥǵС£Ҳǵ¡
˵֮һƻʼСʼƻ
ֱһƻͷڿпʼ׽Ȼ˵£̯˰ؼϻҪ飬Ҫ˰ҹʬô졣Ǵһ£²ǡ
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֮Ŷ˵壬浽ô°Ҫ飬ǰˣҪǰҹ͸˵ǻ취һ㣬
һˮ֮վŹ֮Ŷ˵ұһ죬˵һ㣬˵ӸġΪ˼ҲѾˣҲز¡ԹӦòС
üͷһȻ˵ֲԹôԼӸŪĿ𣿡
һסĿڣȻ˵С㣬˸ˣҲܲ£Ǿǽ˸߾ˡҪڵĻǾͷһ㣬ԼҪǶСˣǾܽˣҪǶ̫Ļõİ취Ͷ㣡
ͷ˵Ҳֻˣ
콫еˮ֮ȻС˵Ҹ˵²˵ȥߣʵѾˡǵ죬ͷߵ˵ٹ죬ͷ߾ᣬ¾ǹȥˡ
΢΢˵˵Ѿȥ˰ôڲ
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ʱĺܿ죬ûһǻƻˣԭһĶŪһɶˡ֪Ҳû˵ʲô±˺ܶ࣬һ¾˲٣ʣô߸ˣߵӻ֮⣬ʣµıҵһһеˣϾߵֵܣҲûа취
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ûհϾֻæġ
˳극֮󣬾档Ȼϣеȣ֮ȴоһ˿֮СܾΪյԭɡ
ߵӾڹײǰĵ棬Ҫһϵģ컹Ҫţ˵Ƿǳʹһ£ļ˶Ѿèۣߵӡ
Ϊ˿˻ӣӦöַصģ˵϶뿪γûľ棬뻺С
֮󣬶ߵ˵ɩҹǶȥϢɣʦͽžˣ
Ǹ΢΢Ѿ޵ĺ׼һȦȦڵ֮΢΢ͷ˵Ǿ鷳ˣ
˵֮ߵӾ̾ϢһȻôЩѾˣֻˡ
΢΢üͷҲãڱϾʲô°ﲻæ֮⣬һ׸ټжҲ㡣
콫׼һЩһЩߣľƷһĶ׼ˡǰ׼ģҲΪԷΣա
ҹѰԱߵĵ濴ŹǽϵӱʮһˡҪԶҪǵȵʮ㣬ƻʲô·ɡ
ʱվһԱߣļ˵ǶȥϢһ°ɣҹˣ
˿һ۶壬ȻߵӵͷʾȥˡȻߵ˵鷳ˣҸ׼һ㰾ҹĶҪ˿ǲһ£
һЩȫЩƲһģҲǶԴʱõġ
ߵļߺ󣬼˱ǰʼĵغ
⣡
ǽϵĴҹҹ


139 ҹ2
˵ΰɣܶͣǼɹģһ󶼸ˣûа취ֻ붭켸顣
⣡
һƵˣŵҲֻǽϵǿűصĴӣָָʾʮλáڴ֮лصɫĹײģеѹֵĸо
ҪΣǰѾһʱˣ⻹ûǰôֲġҹֱ˻ػҹ֮ſᡣǵϣݶĽͣھԽԽ󣬲֪ô
쿴ǽϵָ룬еļ£Ǽôµ죬׼еġµıеĶͻȻֱӵǰҪֳɵӵǺһ㣬ϾѾˣΨ˵Ƚ٣˵Ļһ¾ųͷ㷢ʱԴѾ°͵ˣ϶ܲˡ
˵йֲһҪ׼ҪԼĵ״һĻԼȻԼẦ£ͻȻһߵĻô϶㲻Ϊļ
ҹһ˵ҹŹش󿪣ʱ򣬹ͻһСͻ֡ʱòҪϽ֣ϽֵĻɫ·Ŷǹ֡
ҹʮ㣬ڽϣ㿴˶ιĻԸԼѾļˣҪ£ҪżһõҪκΡˡڨǲҪӵ绰Լ·߹ȥУСˡڹע㣬βĻҪңĲ߾ˡҲԽǻң⡰ˡԽʱͲˣ˵һߣ¹·
ҹŵʱ򣬰ݰݷûзİֻҪЩФĶ԰ݰݣŵʱ򣬻㱣·ġ߾ҹڽιͬ־ҪעŶжѾˣԼһЩҼȻЩЩһġдŮ𣬲ˣ
ǽϵĹѾʮˣûʲô쳣л룬ǲ꣬Ҫ·ƯһӲŻأ
ʱ򣬶˵һءʱиӦ
ͷȻһ飬͸쿿һʱ򣬶㣬ͷ㣬Ȼż˵ҪǣһʲôǵáֻҪŶԷ˵Ļһ£ԷûзӦĻסҪСˣ
һⶭ忪ʲôЦǰ˵ƺǳʲôˣѵ˵ȥĻ仯ģշﲻɣ
ҲֻοԼԼԼЦĻԼʱֹ̱۵̬Ȳźá
ǵһỹûʲôʱ춼е㷸ˡԱߵҲһȻűű׷
ǸλպԵľװʬǿɫĹײġԽǿǿڹײģԽǸоԾײİɣĵǿ⣬ײƺǹеЩȻǸͨĹײȡǰ쵹ûз֣һǸое㲻Ծ
ʱͻȻˡ͵ؾջĿ⣬Ŀ˵ıϣȻ󽫴ѡ
ʱͻȻ͹˿磬ͬһʱ䣬ڼҵֻŹͿʼл˵ʲôè۾Եģһ½л˵жˡҧָ˵Ķ
翪ʼҵĴţȻǵƣֻĵϵ紵ƮżһײΨһرıǣȻĺܴ󣬵ǰյ͵û˿Ӱ졣
켸˶ĿתſڣмĶʼأƺÿһҹһ㡣صĺ˵ľӵƺŵģֻҪһͻһ
ôĶ죬϶һֵģϾɷˮʦһУʲô¼ʱĶнľԱߵ˵ֿʼˣͿ̳
˵֮󣬶ͽľһһŻƷճľ档ڵпƷڽ֮ȼȻ콫ȼյŵĻƷһΡԭŵһ¾ȼ
վһߵ̾ûֹ򣬵иүȽһⶭֻ˵ڻˣ
ô춼ûĹⲻһؾͿġҪڵϰС
һϵеĶˣƣҲһֹ򡣿˵۶ֱˣеĿ硣
һһ¾ͽĶˡͿһ¾͸紵ˡϵҲĽڡ
ǰϵ򣬿ʼζƺʱϨ
һžȻˣüͷһ£һӺͳڡоԹжôĴ
ʱ򣬶Ŷ˵壬ô죿Ŷˡ
üͷһȻ˵ҪңȵȵȿֻҪǼ̳ϵûǾû£
˵仰ϵһ¾ͱˣǰȼһ¾͸ˣ
һⷨˡĵԩ겢뱻˳ȣԹ̫ˡûа취ˣ
ͼżôʱĳԽԽǺХķڳź
Ҳ֪ôģǰھ˵ýĹŪߡϵĽ¸ͣ˼˵
żôӦԣˣ
ǿɫĹײķ죬üͷһĿתƵĹײ棡
ˣˣ
Ƶƺڿ۹ײİ壡


140 
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ƺжҪɫĹײ淢ײ
켸һ¾ͽĿתƹֱעڹײ棬ȫſڵλá
һԱߵĶ˵԰壬ײĸûиŸӣȴǹù׵ֻǷܷĹײ棬ײĸӲԾѵǣ
Ļ˼˵ķӦе˵ѵʬ˲ɣѾģݺô꣬һһǵһο
üͷһ¾šķԽԽ󣬲ʱķײ
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˵ĵԩѾǱܡ
Хһɹϵĳڴ棬յлȻĹâȻ󣬵յл˿Ӱ졣ĹԽԼңҹèӵĺ
ƽҹһ˿صա

һײַһײ
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һѾץסƻڿкݺݵҧһ˵ȳԵ㶫ѹѹıƺģԹܲôѾģ㣡

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˵֮󣬾óذУһ˿ɷذϿʼƣ΢΢ɢź⣡
ʱһ¾վԱߣ۾ֱֱĿ죬ȻԴС˵죬ǲǳԴҩˣǣǹǶԸģ
üͷһȻ˵Ѿģܸܲǿһѵүǰ˵Ļ𣿡
Լ촽Ȼ˵ɣ
ʵʱ˵˫ȶڲ
һ˵֮ûһᣬͿʼˣԭͿʼɢķƺҲʼСĽҲС࣡
͸оԼͷϵ亹ʼȻ忿ӣһжʼʱ򣬲һ̱ϡԼΪҪȻĿܸȥ
ûһĹͻָƽ쿴˿ǽϵӱʱĵʱѾӽȻڵϣŴ˵ǻȥˣһҹƾûôˣ


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ϴľǽĵԩ˹ȥ̱ڵϣ֪ǹȥˣһξͲһˡҪȥ϶Ŀ϶ưոݵģƾĵϵԹ
ڵϴŴԱǻԵĶ죬Ҳߡһôһ޵ڣǽĵԩˣⲢûֻ꣬Ҫĵԩ껹ڣô϶
Ŵ˵ô죿ⶫȻʱˣ룬ⶫֻҪӦĻ϶ģ
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ȻҲⶫ˼ɵòУҪĵԹĻôԸǸأ
һ㶣Ŀ⿴ǿڱƿĹײĸӡȻ˵һýײĸӸǻȥҪȻǼˣ϶Ҫ˵ʲôģ
üͷһ壬Ȼ˵Уһ͸ϣ˳㿴ĵʬ壬ô£
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˵ŮǰְһӵСˣǸһӵծһӵĶԹһҪġ
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ҡҡͷ˵ǼӿĹģǻûͳˡе𣬵ǵ취ֹⶫҪǷĻ϶ҪʬġҿⶫҪʬĻ϶Ǻ
һ㶣Źײ˵
ͷ˵ǰʬĽʬĻǾͽʬ䡣ҲҸǱϽܵġ
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142 취
ĵʬѾʼܿʬ䣬ʬ沿Ѿʬ̦ݶʼͻϵָ׶Ѿʼ䳤ӲЩʬ
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ȴûɵı飬ѵ֪ϵ²ɣΪĵ˴˳صĸ룬ѾڸסԼ˼ά
˴һкֳ֮˵㶫˾͵ͷϢȥˡ

ܿ죬ϣǵϣǣҹʱ򣬸ûκζֱҲûзʲôſڵĹҲûнлΨһͬıǣĵʬַ˲١
ƣҲû˵ǽȴ뵽˸ү绰ʵ̫ˣȫˡ
ལལ
콫үĵ绰ͨˣү˵绰֮콫¸ү˵һүڵ绰ͷĬһ֮󣬶˵ȥĵʬ壬ֱǲһȦɫӡǣ
ŵ绰˻ûг֮ǰײŪȻһĵʬ塣ĽʬϵŪȻĵֱһȦɫӡǡ
ү˵үкɫӡǣô£
үڵ绰ͷֳĬһȻ˵죬Ѿ˹׷ʬ棬ǣĵ겢ûȫֻʬһ󲿷֣һһε룬ĵӸɵģ϶˽ĵĻǸɢˡҪǰ˵ϣԹѾĻĵĻȫĻǼͲУ϶ʬˡ
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үڵ绰ͷ̾Ϣһ˵ӵ£ǲùܡѾˣҪǲܵĻʬ֮󣬿϶һġĵǸǵʿȻ˲ԣǻҪȵģҪôţ취ŪӵͷȻ󡭡
үǱ˵ţ첻ϵĵͷ


143 ػҹ
찴үķԸ׼ҪӵͷȻүڵķĵĻػҹ
үķڻػҹ죬ǲƮĻǾͻʱɫײʬͻǸʱԸĶˡֻҪʬ϶ԶԸƾĵǲеġ
үǰæүܾˣ˵Ǹֻǽڸ죬һ¡ֻԣֹĲĻǸ塣
Ȼ쳣ƽ峿֮찴չ˿ڹײĵʬ塣ʱʬϵ˫۾ѾȫŭĿ컨塣
콫ԴȥһʵŵԼ۾֮⣬ߵҲ࣬˵ʱͻʬ
찵ҡҡͷҲûа취ֻܵȵϵʱԸⶫ
ǻص˯һȻүķԸֱĵһҪһͷɺܲͷи׷Ҫˣ
Żֽֽ˽ͷֱֽ棬ڡ֪үԼԼõġĵӡһеû׵ĸоҧҧҲֻӲͷƤˡ
һж׼׵֮ԼæϹҹȥ˯峿ʱˡ
ϣҲͷߡǿ˵Ļػҹ
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ȴ֪ϣҲĵͷߣػ֮ҹ²϶һƽҹ
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ϣ˶ȥϢʣµĽѹϣ˿ʱʮһӡʱҹһСʱ
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ҡҡͷȻ˵ⲻܣ˸ӦûûôĵӣҪ֪ҹ֮ǰСǲҳεġֻеŹȥϢʱСŻε
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˵֮󣬾͵ǿɫĹײԱߣΧڹײģڹײһȦĻƷڹײöͭǮ΢һС߹ء
Ūˣ͵ȹҹĻˡ
׼ͷСֽˣֱڹײǰ档ڳɹơÿСֽ˵ĵ¶һŻƷ
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үķԸ׼׵֮콫үԼ˵ĻȻһһ¡ľʵĲл֮׼˵İ취ĵĻ˵ǱܴϣүһУǱ˵ɣõĵĻǸոˣ֮ǲĵĻȫԼʬϣʬ
쿴˿ʱ䣬ʮһ롣Сʱʱ˵áѾǳˣлѾеƮƮȻĸо
룬ôܾܿΪĲĻѾʬϡƮĻǣ϶ܵлƺʬٻظϡ
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ʱһһĹȥڵϵСˣͣڵͷµƮ֪ô£ƺһϸ΢硣
С˺ǲϵĹڵߵͷǲû鷢ҹȻľ

һҹڴ֮ƺڸӦõ洫һĹеҲı
βϴûп磬ֻ΢ķ硣ǷǳĴ̹ǣĹҲһʱʱĽס˹ĲһŹĽл
쿴һʱ䣬պʮ㡣
һܣû̫쳣֪±ǰ֮ǰĽڴա
˶һֱۣŲһ£Աߵ档沿ȴǽĶŹײǰСˡ
С˰ڶͷƵԽԽƺĵòظһ㡣
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ʼ٣ǵˮĵ䣬ڵϵС˵忪ʼڶڲں£

ͻȻ͹˿磬ʱԭʱʱĽлһĹ˻Ƶİһ֮û˶
һۣ۾ҲԼƺ˿־壬֮жһݼᶨ
˵ͬʱһ뷨ǾǣĲĻˣ
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ͿڵϵСˣϵĲԭͷŹײĵķСˣͻȻŤת壬ͷſڵλðȥ


144 л

һƺһһ¾ͱˡʱԭɫײĵֻСͻȻתӣ沿ſڰȥ岻ɵò
üͷһ壬沿е鴤ȻĿ⿴һͿȫ麹˽һȻ໥ͷĴŲϥڵϡ
ʱһһŻֽ۵ɵһСƵáһϸϸںڵĶĶӵͷأ
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ͼ˵״ˣ֪ˣ˺ɣߵͷˣ
˵֮ڵϵС˾Ϳʼߵͷ
ʱ򣬿ȫסˣƺûκηӦüͷһ塣૵ѵһף
ʹһȻ֮󣬽ֽ۵Ķߡ˵״ˣ֪ˣɡԺúõķչúõˡ
˵֮СͣĿʼ໥ѹ
뵽ģС໥ѹĵԩ꿴໥ĳԷ
ǻûзӦͷϵ亹ð˳ѾĿǲһסһ룬ֻҪлĵʵĻǵĻô϶ᶯݵģϾԼӡ
Ҫǲ֪ôԼŪġҪ֪Ļô϶һ˵ǣֻܲϵĵǸȡͬ顣
ƺе㲻ΪʱͻȻоڵʼأ˵ĸͲһס
ΪСڹײǰģ˲ûл׿ֻǿС˵ıж
ڿС໥ѹһ֮忪ʼз紵ĲǷӵıԵĺ¡ʱĵӿ϶ΣǸԵͬĶΡ
ʱ콫۵õĻֽ˳ߡ˵״ˣҪΪĸ밡ϧǵĸ˭״ˣͿĸ׵ϣǰɣ
˵仰֮󣬾ͺˡΪ췢֣С˵仰֮ȼ۵õŻֽڵϡ֮ҲǸͬĶͿ˽Żֽڵ֮ŻֽҲѸٵȼ
찵ľѾ϶ĻҪȻ˵ĵ֮ôôŭ
ĵӿѾθˣΪүķԸŪ˵һһͷĻĵԩ֮󣬾ͻῴڵϵС˻ΪԼڸԼߵͷ
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쿴ſڵʱ򣬲ûпʲôĸоԼһӺ˹ȥ
֪ĵԩſڵλáӺĵԩɵġ
ԥĽذ˳Ȼſڵλúģ֪Ȱ㻹ȥͶ̥ԸϡҪȻɾԶͶ̥һλ֪꣬Ѿ硣ҪףڻлͶֻ̥ҪͷߣûлˡĻᶼûˣε˼֮ʧʹûйһ
˵֮󣬾ĵȴԩķӦ֪Ŀ϶ԹԵȥͶ̥ҪȻҲôڡ콫ذУһֻץһŻƷ
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ǿҲֻǿһģĶҲһı֮ˣΣڵв㣬ԼͿˡֻүܰסүû
ϵ亹ѾϵһʪͻȻһ춯͵ؾͻعͷ
ǿɫĹײĶʱŷӳôҲԼƢŻʬû뵽ûд죬ֱӾͳ˹ײġ
ʱĿһ¾ס˹ײģǰ׼Ĺ㣬ǰǿɫĹײ˻ƷʬԴһŻƷ
ҪûƷĻ϶Ʋˣĵʬ»ʬʱ϶ǿƲסڣĵǲһһǿûа취ˣ
ΪͰүķԸĵĹײԱ߲߹󣬻ʬĶͷ˻ƷⶼֹǲĻǽڡ
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146 ¹
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147 ѹ
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沿΢΢鶯Ȼ󼤶ĶŻ˵Ͼˣ˵ôܾȥأ
˵ʵѣҪ˵ѪƷⲻҪҪһѪҪ˵ûҵ㣬ҪҳȥҿϣֻصĹޡ
΢΢һ㶣Ȼ˵Уҳȥ֮󣬽˽֮󣬾͹
ǻҡҡͷ˵һû˵꣬ڡҪ˵صˡЩ֮⣬ķǣҪѰҵҵҵľŸ֡ߵĵءֻҪҵ֮󣬽Ÿַҵ£ҸӦˡĻһѪңҵ԰塣Ϳˣ
ֵأⶫ΢΢ʧ
ҡҡͷ˵ֻ֪һоɵĵۣҲҵеĵط֪ڻ治ڣ۵ĵ棬оŸ֣Ÿ֣ÿһͭĶǵһλʦġǰȥѰһܲҵ
ϲ⣬Ż˵ôϾˣǰеĵطأ
һĽ̸֪һЩȻڵķ棬ҲԼϾһ֪Ÿ־һ֮׼ǰȥ
ѯҵǸ۵ʱ򡣻ҡҡͷ˵Ѻˣ㻹ǻȥɣĹʱ䣬ȥزȥˣҪ֪Ļȥֱ֮ȥɣ߰ɣ߰ɣ
͸оԼһͷΣ֮һң۾һԼʱѾ˴ϣΧŴ߷ֱŶʱԼС


150 
۾һԱ壬˶ͬһĿ⿴ԼǱͬ顣
΢΢һӣ͸оԼļطǳʹһһĸоһԼĸ첲һȦɫıһ˿˿ɫѪӱ͸Ⱦɺɫ
ʵ۾һͶ͸оԼͷҲ΢΢ʹ
֮Ŷ˵
忴˹˵˾ͺãڿʲҪȵˮԵ㶫
üͷһ£ŷӳԼǻΡһʵΡ
ҡҡͷ˵壬ʲôʱˣ
쿴˿˵ʮ㣬ʱ䡣
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һɫһ䣬վһ˵㲻֪ϣ֮Ƕʵ̫ˣѾľһˣ˰ʮغϣŽ̵Ȼװ˹ײ档ҪҰСӣĺܲңһ㲻ˣ҆Eһʹһצ֣һ
üͷһ壬ǺЦȻ˵ˣҪˣôˣʬӦ˰ɣ
һ첢ԼˣˣȻ˵Сӷˣȷʵˣϣһ¾Ͱĵʬ͸סˣǲ֪Сô£ͻ˹ȥţҾʹС߹ȥһôڴ۵С۵棬קĸ첲Ĳӡ
һ˵һֱȻţԼһ
˵ˣ˵ص㡣
ǺһЦȻ˵ҿ໥žҲûа취ǺҿǷϴľŽĵŪġߣĿһ˱ŻȥģŵײġǰҸۻˡ
˵֮󣬾Աߵĵ棬ʼŲˮ
ҡҡͷ˵Ǻǣлˣ
һ㶣Ȼ˵лǲУСӵҳԷ
ЦȻ˵ɣûʱ䣬Һæ
վȻ˵æ첲ˣǺǣ
ҡҡͷ˵û£һҪһ£ҰɡҪ׼ɥ£˵˰ɡ󷨵£
ͷ˵Щ˵ˣ͵ʱ򣬿ʼɣϣҪʲôӲźã

ŵʱһ˽һ˾ĵĴӡ
֮󣬶Ŷ˵壬ڸóԷˣҪʽĶҶ׼ˡСֵܲҪɣ
˵֮󣬾ͶƲһۣȻ˵ģҲûʲôⶫǲǶأ
ͷȻ˵ɣһҾͿæȥɣ
һȥˡ
һ죬ҲǳӡһҲһ죬ɥһ㶼ᵽ롣ҺһƬгαĿеʱ򻹻Ц
վӣ첲滹һʹ˿ڴѾæˣӦǲʬ
վ֮ȥԱ߻Ƕ塣⴩һĹӡ˾ͿԼ˿ˣֻԼ΢΢ĸ첲ܸоԼ˿ڲʱʹš
棬ǵһԷ棬˵㶫ʱŻ
ɥҲӿͣϲһľϯһȵĶǺ졣ϾɥһЩЩǰȾƵģҲǽַھʲôġ
Թ֮ͣطĴǿɫĹײȻڣֻڹײĸЩײĺۼѡʬʱ򣬽ײĸƷɸɵġ
˿һжⶭ죬ƹȻĿɫĹײġ
ڹײǰǿŵģ׵ľͿĵ沿ʱĵ沿Ѿʬ¸סˣ±˿ĵԴŵĻƷ
һۣ»Ƕһࡣоûʲô֮󣬶ż˵Ϲײİɣ
ü֮ͬⶭĽײĸϡ
ʱʱѾһҡʱɥпɥ˶Ѿ׵ģͳһǲС
쿴˿ʱ䣬ͷ˵һˣǰĹˡ
ͷ֮Ϳʼǰĳ
˸󺹣հ̧ε̧ڹײģ˸һС͵İİ˸ߡڹײľġ
׼֮󣬶壬ͿʼšһѵİɫɥֽڹײƮɢһ
Ȼֳ㣬ȼ֮󣬲ǰ̳档ſڵλ÷һ裬ֽ
һж׼׵֮ʱ忴˿ʱ˵ʱ룬ɥţܿ
һȥѹסλãм䣬мǲ˵󷨲ˣˣ
һǰһʮˣмϰ˸󺹻һȦǶʮ˸ˣʮˣˣˣǼˣõģһһŮܹһˣҲһ˿ޡ
֮ǰȿʼǰĻֽȻ֮ͿʼҲǳ롣
˸󺹣ߺһ֨һװʬĹײľͱ̧
ͷĵĶһ˶һлһ˱һͿʼ


151 2
˸󺹣ߺһ֨һװʬĹײľͱ̧
ƺƵˣǰյصķףײһžҪϷֻ棬ȻߵĴӹڵǰæ̧ײġ
ſڵλãܵ˵ûб仯Ȼǰ˸̧ײģʱǰͻȻ͹ڵϿʼޣŸλ̧ײġ
ҰյصķףóһͷлףǹһȻû̧ײģ˶վһ˵Цġڿһ־һ㡣
Ҳڵ磬˵Եõ⡣һ󣬺İ˸󺺽ײķڳ֮󣬾Ƶǰ棬ȻĶӵùͷ￪ʼʳ
ʱͶ˸󺺣ǿǸлġ
ʵ˸ֻǰ˻Ǯģһ֮󣬰˸󺺴ǰ׼õİɫТȻڹײǰĸϡһץһԭȵλãŶһ
·ţܿૡ
캰֮󣬾һѵİɫɥֽ
ʼ֮ǳ˼·֮ԱڿһҪһķΧҲǲùײ꾪š
ܿ͵˴ӵ棬ʱǰѡõ·ȻǴҪȻװôǰ˾ǴҲнһ˲ǰߵġ
ڹײԱߣŹײǲʲôҪ֪ǽһһͽ˿ġĵԩȻ棬ǲһһǶڣǰùлᦣѾӽˡ
첢ǺܵģϾѹģĸͶáֻҪһж˳ˣʲô˵ʱĥһУĳŲͻ᳹׵ʧʬҲḯá
Ҳûа취ҪĲȰģټѾһǲȫˣͶ̥ˣҲֻһɵӣҪôһӡ
Ȼ˵ĲӦãҲӦڽҲùҪرϡ
ֻҪһͲͣ£;Ƿʲôͣ£ֱײΪֹ˵ֻҪ˼ţײĲأ鲻ͣβɢҡ
УҪһ⣬ǾͲˡһƣ֮Ҳթʬʹ
˵Ϊȫ֮ߣǰѾɳȥɨ·ϵˣĺȻǸһȺֵģ޷ġ󷽵ѾķԸ·סˡ˵Ⱥֻƨɺš
ϾǸ鲻ͬҪǴӸߴĻͻῴ鶼ǳֳ״ģмǣĵĹײġ
˸󺺷̧ţȻ˵·;ǺԶǣײĿʵľġĺܣĻֻ;̧ǻ˵ʱһҪѸ٣ͣҪһ¡
ȻѣȻ
ǰһȺҪƽϿĻͻ֣ᷢͬһԲ̣ÿԲ֮໥չĻȦͻŵɥӡԶһȦתĴȦ
ܵ˵ǰٶȲǺܿ죬Ͼÿ˶ΧŹײȦȻ̧ײĵİ˸ˡ˵ҪǴԶĻͻᷢǸתԲ̡
ȻǰĶǿʱߵģҪ֪ģ⣬оʱ䣬һҪһСʱ׼ʱᡣ
ȻҵľصزǺԶҪһСʱһСʱĶ飬ײĵʬеԹĥġ
ȻǱȽϳȻǰš
˳һ·ϲûгʲô״Ǿһ˲䣬״ˣʱڹײԱߣײ淢һײ
а˸̧ŹײĵȻǶʱҲǶͷ亹ֱͻȻһײ
϶ĵʬŶEײİӡ
ʱǣżС˵һﶼúõ̧ײģ˾ͻһҪŲߣã˭۵ġϾҪˣʮңֻҪᣬǻȥ֮һúõĿλġ
һ໥Ŀ֮һ˿ĺ¡Ȼһ⶯ķһ˵ϣûйãһ

찵ҧʱ̧ŹײĵĶ鶼һ亹ð˳аգҺûͣҪǲƻ֮˵ùҲܵǣ١
ǰ͵͵óһŻƷĿײģڹײĵı͵ؾһŻƷƷ֮ǰһַ̣˶
ϻƷ֮Ķûˡ
̧ŹײĵĴͷϾȻûкˮ˵ôȵ죬һ󺹵ġ⼸һ㺹ˮûУ˻о쬵ġ
쵹֪ȫϵԹɵɷ
һȻûʱųһ
ܿ㵽˷ؿӱϣΧ˲ûͣķԸڵĵطͣ½ŲһҪΧؿתƣҲתȦ
ΧһȦӣСȫáȻЩʧ⸶
̧ŹײĵĶıƽؿӣʮ˶飬ʼһȦΧŷؿתơ
мŵļˣֱϵ̧Źײĵİ˸󺺡
쿴һʱ䣬պʱż˵ʼᣡ
һ˻Ὺܣ˵ȣƿӡ⣬عӭ
캰֮󣬾Ϳʼᡣ
˸ǷֳóĸŹײĲסȻ˸
Ľײķؿ棬ɫĹײһͷƿӣ滹һŻƷȻƷȥġ
Źײûؿӣ쾾ŵҲ
ײķؿ֮Ŷ˵ڿʼذɣ
תĶ飬ɶ죬һһ㣬ʼΧŷؿһץӵؿ档Ҳǵصķס
󷨲ûƣʱҪǴĶĻͻ֣ᷢһתĴӡֻҪ֪ŵ˶֪ǰ
Ȼһһûа취ؿӸʣµĵֻҪǰչ֮ʣµЩæϡ
Щˣնİ棬ʼʹ󲻱䡣
ܿ죬СʱʱȥˣѾؿӡ
һٶˣµʵޣûʲôȻȻתţмǰ˸̧ײĵ鱿ʼؿӣ
ԼǰСʱʱ䣬һضӾγˡͷϵĺˮŻתĶ˵ͣ󡣡
һȺ֮һͣ˽ŲͿʼԹ־ᣬһ̳ġʼ磬ȻŶ˵壬ôȺ˸Ūôģ


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152 
Ŷ˵ôŪôأ
΢΢һЦȻ˵ٺ٣Ҿ˵ĿҪǲҵģԺҪˣǲܹҰ
˵֮һЦȻԼԴ˵ôƭ˼Ұǲǽ˶һɣ
쿪ŲӣߡѾˣҲѾˡҲûȥˡ
ǰţǸ
һߣһ˵ҲƭǣҲʵЩЩ£Ⱥ˸ˡҾǸһлˣһ£ûһĹ򣬾͸㶨ˡǺǣЩ˻Ǯˣǲ˵϶
Դ˵ϻҾ벻İ취һΪǲأһɽǺǣͽˣ
ֺǺǵĻصˣļС߸˵ĳ˸ԼǷǮ׼ȥ
˵ǮҲǲðײãϾ˲ʲôöĵ϶һ
׼컹ȥһ绰һЩ齻һ׼ؼҡҪǻؼ֮ԼѯһԼϾ˵еģҪ֪˵ĻԼͻǰȥϾ˽°꣬ȻǸסԼϾ˵ĹоͳԼϾˡ
컹жص棬ԼͻصȥȥˡϾĲ£ǲȥĻҲ˵ȥϾѾ˽һˡҽԺλû¶档ʵ˵ȥˣȥҲû˵ʲô
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֮صУе˳ϲ֮⣬͸̸̸¡˳˹ĶӾǹĶϱˡ
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ʱĿ⿴Լ̣ԼѾͷ׷ʮ䣬Ѿλ˸ݲеĲӡ
۽ƣ˰ߡһۡ
ԼԱߣʱ΢ЦĿ죬˵찡ôֻˣ
ٺһЦȻ˵ⲻ᲻ڼߣúõ
ЦˣĶҸ
ԼһᣬһͽתƵԼϾϡ
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Լ˵ԼҲ̵Ļ䣬뵽ԼϾǸ֮УǸ֮С
ǸǳĲƽǹʮ궯ϾҲǻȴǸһʿ˼ң˸Լ鷳֮⣬Ҳ˴ص鷳
ι£СʱԼѾ˺ܶˣԼҲ֪ôһ㡣
Լ֪ԼϾ̨ɽĵ֮׼һˣ죬Ȼٸү˵˵үǲǻԼȥ
Ҫû˸ԼȥĻԼһȥ£¶һҪԼϾ˸ȳ
ι֮Լ˵һصԼķ䡣䷿Լ˯˽ʮϷӡ㽫ⷿӲˣȻһ˶ᵽԼĸ̶᲻ò𣬱Ͼţһ˵Ļ䡣
ܿʱ͹ȥˣʰö׼Լļ˸θǲ֪ʲôʱܻ
Ǯ쵽س˻ĳ
ʱܿ죬ųص
һݣͿһϮµЩ¹򡣾ǲЩĹŶȻŶˮֵġ
ߵæµĽŮ§ڻС
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˵֮󣬾ŤǽһƣƬ촽ӡϡ
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153 ̨ɽǰ
صȵһ֮Ŵ۾졣
Ӧǽ鴦˰ɣ
ͷҡҡͷ
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콫Լڼеһϵе飬˵һ촦ɥ£Ҳĵļҵ£һһ˵
֮󣬶˵죬ˣǣôȣصƯҲ
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𣿵ǣϾ²ô򵥰ɣϲĽһְ
ҡҡͷ˵֪ȥү￴үϰҵĻôҲûôӣ
˵㽫ŸҵˣɲôýģΣ൱Ĵ󣬶ҷʩҲ൱ĸߣ
ͷץ˵Ҳһ¡ʶĵĹеУûУξ
룬˵ǲ˵ʶ˵УҪԳУξ˵Ǻܶ࣬УξġУξǲбµˡ϶˵õ͢Ͽɣ˲Ż֮󣬺˿϶ǲС
һüͷ秣Ȼ˵ʶ˵ԳУξм
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һ˵ǣ˳ĬЩСУξͲÿˣ¸ǳȵġСУξšȥĻ˿϶Ǵùġ
һ˼֮˵ܲܽºϵһ£ҪϵϵĻа취ɽ
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ı鿴УҲ֪Ϊûа취Ҫϵˣ㲻˻ʲôǷҪҲһ
üͷ˵аΪˡҲûа취£ԣιǾͿԽˡȵĹǵСӣ
̾Ϣһ˵Ҫа취ɽĻôҾ˺ӣϵɽ
ͷٴν§˻С

ڶ죬үסȻͬʱĻ
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˶һۣү˵ү⣿
үüͷһȻ˵Υ£Ҫٵģֻˣ۾ˣͷѾˡھҪеʱúõéɽٴˣ
ᶨĵͷ֮жһݾȻ
ү̾Ϣһ˵ȥҪСһ㣬̨ɽطǵҵʥҲǵ˵ķĹҪ֪кߵʿ۵ĵطǼ֮أȽϴԩҲȽ϶࣬Щط޽۾ΪѹЩ
үԱߣˣ˵Щɻ䣬ͻȻһֵʵʹ
뿪үסһҷ꣬˼СŪ˼ƿơơ
˵ǸְλôûСӦû˳İɣ
ͷ˵ǣʮǮϵ¿϶û⡣Уÿڰ칫濴Щʿüǹ񫣡
һ˵Сӻڣ
һ֮󣬶˵ˣ쿴˭ˣ
Դʵ˭
Ӣ˵֮ҰҰ졣


154 ȥ̨ɽ
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ĿеͣžƱ֣ɵͣ˰ա
ٺһЦȻ˵ȷûпӢһкøеģôῴأ
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ҡҡͷ˵죬ʲôأģӢҲȤ
沿΢£Ȼ˵㻹ǿ˵ɡûǾ˵ԳҲû
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վӣ˵ˣǱˣȥԳ£
Լͣ˵ʲô°ôż
ҡҡͷ˵һ·ϸ㣡
εվӣ˽˾ҽԺȥ
·ϣ콫ԼЩ£Ҳüͷ壬˵²ð졣
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˵Сǲ壬£øȥû˵ȥˣ϶ǲڣ
ҡҡԼԴ졣
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źǣ˽ȥ֮󣬲Ѿˣȥǰ̨ʣӢպĳԺ
֮üͷһ£аǷˡ
ȻеźûҵӢԳɣֻ֪Ҫ˻žа취ҵˡ
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濴ŵӣʱƿšһ仰˵ӢԳɻţ
仰һӾ;ƽ˵˵ԳɸӢţҲ֣ԳȻƺСУξʵز©ءƽɽĹҲסˣҲǲ֣
ͷԱߣ漴˵˻ţ㿴ܲϵ
һ˵ǲУ˼Ȼţûϵǣ˵ƽɽǿѾ˽ӣҪҪϵǲʵԿĵ绰ܲͨ
˵֮󣬾óֻһĺ룬ǿͷСʾĺǿպţʵٲ
ֻҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ˵֪ǰס𣿡
ͷ֪֪ǰ˳ҲˣҪҵĻҲ
̾Ϣһ漴˵Ҫ˳ɽȥһĻǾͺðˣǸϵôˣ
ֱ֮˵Ѿϵˣ˾ˣƣ˵ʲô棬һ˵ҪһǳмֵĹҪϻѾľˣ˵һ´λ֮ٸ档
콫ڻУС˵ǳɣôˣպһʱȥһ̨ɽ
첲ļϣɫһ֮˵ҪҪȥ
ҡҡͷ˵ȥеΣգҸȥˣȥҲﲻæڼкú׷һԳˡҪҵ˸һȥĻϾ¾ͼˣ
ͷȻ˵Сһ㣬رҪһȵļҡֻҪ½ˣǾͽ飡
ͷ˵ɣֻҪһ꣬ͽ顣Ҳ밲ȵƮ
۾ײһһӻֿʼ
׼֮͸ϵãȥ̨ɽǸүҪһƷ׼һЩԸӵߡϾǰȥ֪ôһ׼δȻ
ʱĺܿ죬춼ڼУ졣ķֿ֮ȥɽĻ𳵡
λǸһһȥģŪʲôģΪ̫ࡣֱӱڳᡣ
ڻ𳵵ĴڵλãƮľɫɵ̾һģӰԼԺǻ˱ľлľ
췢㶵ʱһ˳żȥ


155 ջ
һŮ˼ϸļһŮڵϲͣĳ鴤
˳ȥͿһȺΧһŮ˿ţָָͣġǲ֪ôʱ˹ŵŮӡͽסʼгϵ泵ҽ
һµŮ˹ӽ̧˼򵥵Ĵûһ˾ͻɫ׵Ŀ泵Ůҽ
üͷ泵ŮҽеϤĸоվߵԱߣһŮҽŮҽ̧ͷĿ⿴Լ졣
ʱ˵ĿӴһɫһ¾ͱˣͰ͵˵ľ
˵仰ʱŮҽŻŵĽͷŤ˹ȥͰ͵˵㿴ˣҲʶ㡣
˵֮ľͽҽҩʰ֮󣬻æľĳȥ
ĸľ
ĲԽԽ죬ľǰȻ˵ľΪʲôҪң
ľҧҧ촽˵ϴˣǳҽľ
ץסľ˵ģôϴˣľǸúú̸̸
ľɫϵıãŵıǺĻѹ·ĺ¡
ľץԼ֣һ죬Ȼͨ˵ðɣ졣
ľ˵ˣҳԼľԼаζڲơ
ľ˵ֽ֮˵죬ѾǲˣϣǻǺѡ
ͷԼԺиֳӰɵðѡԼҲǰľҲ˵ǣһжô˾ᡣʼһθףҪһθĻǾǷǳˡ
ѵ˵ǣϣǽҲǺѣô
ľɫһ£漴ЦЦܺãѾˣҪˡԣҪúõĶ
һ㶣ľô֪Լģѵһֱϵ
沿ʼ鴤ĪʹǻףʽĶľ˵ţģףҸʱҪ֪ͨЩѣ
˵黹ѵʱ򣬹⽫ѹ͡
ľЦЦ˵ţġҪҵĹȥˣпİɣ
ľ˵֮ƹһسȥ
ԳһصԼλ棬а̾컯ŪˣѾǵʱƫƫֳԼҰСʹ࣬еץ񣬿һɽƮҡһ﷢̵͹⡣
˦˦ԼԴ˳Ĭ䵱СŵģҲû˵ʲôɵ⣬ľɫȻôˡ
˻֮쿴һƣһʿ͸ԼŶǰ̨ɽĴ͡
ڳ˼˺ܶ࣬оԼӦöãԼԴľ˰죬ȻԼϾľѾΪ˹ȥҲܽʲôչԼֻĬĬף
ţ첻֪˯ˡԼʱѾ̨ɽɽ£ʱŵĶӳһк֮󣬾뿪˶顣ǰȥѰԼϾʱеĵط
̨ɽ˼壬ǵҵʥءԹŶٳĻʵ۶ǾǷɽǱС
ȻΪ̨ɽֻһۣɡʷĴݲеżֻһĶѾʷȻˣȻҵǲַ
ɽϢˣɽ¾Ϳ򣬹Ʒһĵ档кܶ࣬ҲǳĻ𱬣ҵĶ֮⣬̵ĶϾ̨ɽһǷ̵ʥء̨ɽϵĵۻѾûˣʣµıǷ̵֪طҲǵҵʥء
Թž˵ּңҲǷѧѧܹԭʢԭ
סɽһľƵ꣬ϻƷһ
طϢһϣ˾񣬵ȵ˵ڶһ磬̫ոʱ˾װʲôĶŪˡ
ɽ£峿һɽпѡɽǵɽˡ
һ˱һͿʼɽߣ̨֪ɽջǷһ֮⣬һۡǾϾеĵط
طϾθ̸ĽӦջµĺϷλ
ķλ쵹ǲ֪⻹ҪѰҡ
˰ľ쵽ʱջµǰ档
ǷһģĽǱһ񣬳Щν֮⣬һЩԲԲĽ
쿴˵ߣȥ


156 С
ջµĴſڣĴ־ѣΣȥ֮Ǻΰ֪ʶջӦһǧƽףĵþһٶ䡣ɼ佨֮ࡣ
ջǰ͹־Ϳ֪ջԭǵҵĵΪʷԭ򣬼ʷϻʵ۵ıãʹڽͬջ³˷ϵһ£
վֱӣ־ͽջ£ֻһʵûǰׯأʱƣԽԽࡣ
ѾγһַݵϰߣĴССķеһ顣
죬һ̱ڵϣ˵СӣĳëôҪݵʲôʱ򣿡
һһ˵ⲻǶ٣ֻҪǶҪݣе֮˵ڣϾҪѰżģҪǲѹϵͨĻǿ϶ǲ˳ġ
̾ϢһһڿȪˮ˵Ǹ˭ϵ𣿡
˵ãôãҪǲĻǿ϶ǻᵽӣʱˣǻǽ꣬ǾͿԳͨˡ
˵죬ϾеģջɡĴ۱˵
ҡҡͷ˵ҲǺǿ϶Ǹˣ̵ʱֻ˵ջµĸһٵ۵ĵطת˰Ҳûз֣ҪеĻ϶ǿõġ
Լͷϵĺˮ˵ҪûеĻȥĵطȥҲ룬Ͼʲôʮ궯ҰҪǸջ¶ˣϾǸʲô۵Ŀ϶Ѿҵϡ˰ɣ
ҡҡͷ˵ҲһȻǾȥ濴ȥ϶ǸˣҪǿʲôżûСҪǿƵĽʲôģǸܾܿˣ
һԼԴ˵˵ȥĺв֪𣿡
ҲǵͷǣԼѰˡ
վӣͿʼѰĺУĵطͻкСȻ˵ڵĺвõҪѧģڵĺԶԶûǰĴ࣬Ժʩᣬ֮һźסźլ§Ůһ߰һߴ⴩УռɫɫǿյġЩطٲ˺ȡǮġ
תһͿһһСһǰɨʱȥ׼дڨ
ĶԶû죬ʱ֪ǸطóСеǰС˵СѣǳԣǺǣ
Спһеֿ˿ԱߵĴУǸеͷ֮ǹ
漴˵ллʩ壡
СҲʮ꣬ԱߵǸѾʮ꣬СеĶҲ˵
ʱЦ˵λЩ£֪λ֪֪
пһ˵֪ʩҪʲôҪСɮ֪Ļ֪ġ
üͷһСɮأ˶ʮˣСɮжЩǷǳıӡЩʱ򻹲ԼЩҵĶ
ˣСйԴ˵Сѣ֪Ǹʲô𣬾ǵķʲôġ
ʱСĿ˵ǸʲôģΪʲôҪЩ֪֪Ǹطǽֹ˽ȥġ
ʱнСдק˹ȥȻ˵ʩЩǲ֪Ҳûʲôż棬λȥѰҰɣ
˵֮󣬾ҪקСҪߡʱСƵ˵˵ĲҾȥǸطΪʲôҪ˵أ
ɫһȻϾҪСҪߡ
ʱһѾͽСб˻УС˵ȥǺ«ԺǺǣ
ʱһСбڻУ沿΢΢鴤ҪǰҪСקʱһ¾͵еǰŴ˵ɮǽһ˵
һҪСгȥͼˣĵڴеǰиͳԽȥȻôˣҲֺʹźֻܿСбڻ
쵲סеĽŲʱ㿪ʼջС˵
СǹЦûһͱʱСߵſڵλãһǺ«Źˡ
ΪС̷Ƚ϶ࡣ


157 ٵ
ЦݴС˹СеһǺ«ҲЦǺǵı飬Ѿĳֽס
찵ĶһĴָĹӻǲ١ʹСеĿ˳
ʱǸнСеץжһ˵Сһ㣬ǸطɲʲôõططĽֹȥĵطҪǽȥˣɲҪûˡ
˫ֺʮдһȻ˵λɮģûжģֻǺѡǺǡ
ǴһͽСбڻпһ˾֮ȥ
ߺЦ޵ģоó
һ˵ʲôֻҪҵطˣʲô˵߰ɣȥ￴Ҳ֪ǲط
ͷ˵СӴǹ
ҡҡͷ˵ǺǣҴӼ˳ԵģˣԼһڴŷ֣ʱ˺Ǻǡ
һһߴƨطǸСеĿŪĻ˵ջµı棬ҲǺԺĵطһСţС֮󣬾ͻջ¡
ջ֮ǰһξͻһĵۣҲ֪ǲҪҵٵۡ
һߣһߴܿҵСԺСԺ֮󣬾ͻᷢһ۵İţ֮˵ǰšҪΪСһѵӲݺ͸ɲţҪǲϸҵĻҲ
ܲ׵ҵţ췢ֻһ׶ߣһСһǹ
üͷ˵ǲôôĵط
ͷ˵ӦþطǸСе˵ǸСиԼҪСŻҪͷóӦ
ҧҧ˵ǹԼҲˣ
˵֮󣬾͸С˹ȥҲ˽ȥ
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ܶǻɽ£ӲݸС磬һ۵С·ЩӲм䴩
ͷ˵Ӧþˣ߰ɡ˳·߿
һһֲ߽Ūͷϵ֦ҶŵµӲʱ򻹻һ˵Ľš
˴ԼʮӣһϾɵĽͳ˵ǰʱ찵ü˵СҲߵ̫Զˣ⵽ǲأ
˿ĴϾɵĽ˵أڲҵϾɵĽôǹȥ֪ˡ
ͷ˹ȥ
ǽɽ±ϵģһƽأطǺܴ󣬵ҲСҲĸ򳡵ĴС
ϾɵĽѾʷȻ±ҡҡ׹ǲԫϱڡЩֱӾ͵˵ϣǲƵǽѾǽǽĵһء
ҡҡͷһڵϺţ˵ҲҪǲǸС˵ǲĽһۣǲ֪ǲٵ۾Ͳ֪ˡ
Ĵ˿˷ϾɵשͷǲƵשߣżԿһʯͷõ츩ӿ˵ط϶ǵ˺Ǻǣ㿴񣡡
һۣۿȥ۵漣ǣȻǴûеҲΨһһĴ
˵ȲҪĶǽȥ㿴òƺܽʵӣ
ֵķȥȻλôһҲȽĶǲƵĲеĵãеȫ̮˵ϡ
ƹЩƵĽλãѾ˵ϣϵѾ˸ҳΡȻԿۡ
콫Ҵյһ飬Ϳдĸ֣ٵۡ
찵ɻôŵ۵ƣǲôˣԼϾ˵ٵۣûдˡ
˿֮ɵϲһϾ˵ģŸ־ҵСû̮ҪȻҵҲŪڵ£Ҫһġ
һۣ˱ߵ档Ѿҵ߰㣬Ȼʮ궯ʱɵġȻЩ²ġ
滹һЩ̳ʲôģЩԭɫĴҲѾΪʱ˻Һɫ
֩˵Ѿȫסˣ֮ѰмֵĶҰԼϾ˵ĽѰڵλãڵλҲǺ


158 Ѱ
ҵ⴦ַǲƵַеġ
Ĵ˿ǹͭɫǽѾ˺ѵĺۼǴ涼ѺۣʱҪһ㣬ƺһܽ
ǽϵѺ۶˵죬ﵽװȫôоɭɭġ㿴ǽ棬ȫѺ۰ƺǵһҪ˵ĻǿɾҪˡ
üͷһ漴˵㻹ǸϽҵڰɣֻҪҵڣʲô˵ҪҲǾﱻ˰ɣ
ܲƵľ˵ôƣôҰܵѾ¸סˡ
һۣû˵
ĴΧһƬǽĵ档ȫǻҳߣһƵ鼮õҲǷǳĶʢ
Ȼ۲Ǻܴ󣬵ҲеȹģˣǿͿ֪ۣǰ޽ʱ˲ٵͶķ˲֪ǶٲŽ۸
ԼϾʮǰУ˵ϵĶĶ
Ժ¶ôһ뷨ӵϼһƵ鼮Ļҳȥҳ˿ûʲôֻһ¾ûʲôˡ
һ룬ڵϿЩܵлصģе棬е档
˿ѾбеѾбеֱӾ͵˵ϡĳʮ֪˶ٷ꣬˵ĴݲСݶƬȫˣʱֱ͸ƵƬ沿
ԼϾ˲ûиܵľλãֻ˵档ȻȻң϶ģɽһƽأûɽ壬޽Ҳֻ¿
Ŀţ콫µĹ̨ŪһȻûʲô
ĴûУڲң鷿ûС
ֿѰҡպ䣬ֱڴ࣬һӦ鷿һӦרɿŴĵʿϢĵط
вؾ󣬵ȻΪҲԼĵطЩ鼮һЩҵ飬Ҫóǻ˵šڹŴ鼮䱦һĴڣһ
һ鷿ȫ߰ܣľͷΪʱѾôĲСֻҪýĲȥͻᷢ꿦Ķ
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ҵĵϳʺ֮⣬ʣһ˺õֽм
еˣֽʮôûиáһ⣬ʮǰǰһʱõֽȫֽֽǴǧ궼ḯá
Ĵ˿ܸ֩ӶŪ˼״һߴʲô̶ĵطһ߽Щ֩
ſţ쿴һֵĵطǱǽϹһտʼʱ쵹ûзⶫʲô֡ԽϸԽǲԾƺеӲ
һͯһʿ˿𲻵ϵ档˸оеˡ
˸оǣͯŵݣԱһͷţڿʳݣǸʿȴһ۹⿴ͯһѸҪǴʵĿĻô֣ᷢʿøɨţƨɡϸĻᷢΡǱʿøָͯԴ
쿴ڻβûбʶ˭ģ쿴ĳԲʲôΪֲܴڣֽҲʲôûɫѾƵĲˡ
վſڵλÿģĿԽǲԾ߽֮󣬲ŷǻֽϵĶǻǽϡ
Ҳ˵ǽŪһհףȻֲоôӲǡֽҲʲôûɫ
ǻģе̵ĺۼеͷԵĸоˡ
ŲĿŷţͷȻͻġ
һ㶣⵽ô£ŤͷͻĵǰˣţϵġȻԶʲô˵ĿҲǷļֵ˵ǾĴ죬иԡ
쵥ЩˣĲŪһѾ
꣡
һűǵ𶯣
찵ѵǵˣطǳܲסĴݲˡ
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159 
һ£˳㽫ǽϵקקôšͿʼ𣬵ûгãͣһӵص´ƺʯͷ໥Ħ
һ¿ǰŻˣҪҪ˵Ļô¡
ųʮӣʱٿϣ䷿ĵϳһĴ¿쳤ʶˡ
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⽨ûеϴܵ
ס֮󣬲ſǺڲףɼһȵġ
ûһᣬͻŻŵܹˣһžͽлţ죬ܣѾطҪˣǸϽȥ档ҪȻǵø治ɡ
ûлӦ˳ĿſһʱҲסˡ
˵ǰϵܵ˼룬ЩܵûһǹģǰϼпܵҲǺܹ
ܵȫ͵һΪǵѿķӡϸһѾ˹ڵĴ
һ԰ô󣬲˵󣬵ҲСˡĿסһˣ϶ǲȥġ
ʱʹֵ磬һ֮˵ȵȣһٿŶܵҲ̫ˣ
һ㶣˵죬̫ţ˰ɣôҳһġ
ҡҡͷ˵ֻһ±ڻ
˳ָĵط˿ıڻ˵ⲻǹŵֽô˱ڻ
˵֮󣬾ط˹ǽϵıڻ˵ĻǱڻҲ̫ţˣܽڻŪĸֽһ
콫ҳֵͲ֮档
澹Ȼľʵ¥ݣһܵһ㶼ʯݣҲΪ˱֤õʱò¸ã澹Ȼľʵ̨ס
ľʵ̨ǴֱģǸһȥġⶫ֮Ϊһʱ֮ã򵥣Ҳʡ
Ҫ˹ʯݵĻǹʹˡ벻ףôĿҶˣôһʯݲɡ
ô࣬˳ֵĹȥͿһƬû䵽ײ
Ҳ˵ֵĹû䵽ײһöҲʮˣҪֵ֪ȻΪ˷ŪС͵ֵ磬Ҳ䵽ʮϡ
ģ澹Ȼз紵ʲôҲ˵һͨ
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ľݲ룬ⶼʮˣɲԼЦҪԼһӲȥֱȥĻʮϵȡǻֱ
Ҳ˳濴üͷһ˵ӣôȥ
Լİз˷óɽӡҲʮףͲҪʮ֮ϡҪȥĻ϶ǲС
ʱʵ᲻ļ㹫ʽ
ͷԼ򵥵֪ʶеġ
ͷ˵Ǿͺãȼһж취ȥľͷӿ϶ǲˣҪӲС
еƣ˵˵ʲôأ壬ôȸˣ
˵֮ˣ̾һ˵ʱСӻǴĵӶ뵽
һЦһӵȻ˵ǣ˭Ȼ֪ʶûڼң֪Сӿѧ൱ĺǺǣ
һĴƨ֮Ҳûô䣬һӾͽѹֵոŤת
һʯͷóֻʱ䡣
ͿʯͷȥȻȥ壬ûȻľֻǵסһķ϶
һʯͷ׹ؼϹ
ƺ˲£һֻϵһ


160 
ˣҲˣôһʱשͷصɼ沢ôҲʮסǼʮס
Ϊ˱Լѵ˺֮ɽһĻͿԽӵˡ
һжŪ֮콫ӷŵ棬ӵһͷһʯͿճֱ͵ġĻӾͲ䡣бǣʯͷصĻܸо
콫ԼšһԺ͸ое쬵ĸоȻʱѾӽʢġȽصĵط
ķŵ棬ӾҪʱ͸оһᣬȻʯͷѾŵˡ
еӻǲУΪûӣҪһĻһطҪ׳ȡ
ܣҲûжûʲôܾĶ콫Ŀϣ֪ɽʱû˶һסĻֻãԼ˸һõŪһƬһεģšӸеӽӵһ¡
˳ĽһԵ֮קקоӦû⡣ʱ˵ôȻȣ
ٺһЦ˵Ҳʵģһȥ͵ˣҲûʲô˸ƻ
ͷ˵һȥȻȣ
üͷ˵о仰˵ĺãͬ־ҵ󣡡
εʼ磬Ȼһû˵ʲôקסӵһͷԼĽŲһƬľͷƵ档
ҲΪ˼һѹϾһȥĻһ·ҪŪõĻ˿ɾ鷳ˡ
Ľŷľʵ棬档ȥʱ򣬾ľʵ淢ĽŲľ
һξ֮Ҳץסӣһߡ
ľʵӣΪʱõԭѾסȫȥˡˣһӣ֮ߵĻͼĶˡ
ֵԼϣֵͲͷ£ĻͿԿˡ
ԽߣԽǸо쳣ҲΪ泣겻ԭɣǳ䡣
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⣬⣡
طĿԣֻ˵ĽŲľ¥淢
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˲ϵߣųڵλԽԽԶʱͻȻое㲻Ծ
ô£ⶼôˣôԼֵû䵽ײأ
һ֣Լͣ˽ŲȻţһµ첻ˣҲһ㶡
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һֻץסӣȻԼֵ磬գȻûп档
ʱ죬ɻķһ̾ϢȻ˵Ҹое㲻ԾǶˣ㿴ĶڶһСˡֵȻû䵽ô£ǲǡ
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ѽѽ˵ʲôأɲҪŻˣطòҪ˵˵֮󣬿ܡȻһƬڣֻܿŵµľӣͷĳڷǵ⡣
쿴һ½ŵµľ壬Ȼǳ¾ɵľӣԽǿԽǸоԾľƺ΢΢ķһЩɫ
ӺɫζԽԽŨңտʼǷۺɫĻһɫļѪɫѪɫƺڼһֳΪɫĸо
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161 ѪѪ
ȺץӾȥˣһץֻŲľʵ¥档ǵһ֮ͻȻֹ󣬳˿ԽԽ֮⣬µľͻȻͱɫһ¾ͳֹľɫͨɫȻɺɫ
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ԽԽɫоеѣΣʱ췢ľ澹ȻЩġ
лϣľϵעƿνлһ۾ֱֱĿľ塣
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162 
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ڰ֮Уûа취ʩչ첻ɵ뵽ү˵ĻЩ춼òϡɵаż
ǹǽĻֻʲôѵǣ۾ɡڰֻйǽŻЧûЧĻͲԾ
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163 þ
ȫţԼϳ֡
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164 鶴
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165 ǲ
ԭأֵǰ棬зһ仰ģ̵ǲ
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166 
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ʱҲ˻ȥ콫ֵĹâ棬͸оǹƺǿһƵá
֪ⲻһѣûʲôƣһжǼٵġ磬Կ϶˵ԼǸɫĶñһĶֵ֮ġ
һֽ磬һֲǸǰûнʱҲǸڡнˣǸڡֻһ¾Ǹھ͸סˡ϶˵϶ʲôɷʲôɵġойȺĸо
ʲôôֵġ
쿴һᣬԼĽ²һ£΢һۼȻֳһ£ʾԼҪȥ
ʱҲһ죬쿴ֱ֮Ӿʹ硣
֮󣬾Ϳԭؿ졣
ȥֱ֮Ӿ˵粻ʲôɷɵģҸоԼذ׾ȻȤԼʼ𶯡
˵žͽذ˳һʱذײϵ𶯡ʱʱķһ˿˿⡣һԼذ׾Ȼʼ磬һӰɫͱеذ׸˽ȥ
ʱͬʱȵĿذףսȻڵĵطܿذӲǿգ
ȵͬʱ΢ȣȻ˵ղſʲô
һǹӽذ׶˵ͺƾʧƾճһ죬ذףô£
ҰҰ˵֪ͲʲôһǰЩʿŪɵĽ磡


167 ˮ
еذ׾ȻԼ͸ܲϢ滹һӵ컳ǰЩʿ֮ŪĽ硣絽ôõġ
Ȼ㲻Ҳ֪ԼеذΪʲô
㶵Ŀеذףذһ֮󣬾ͣʱ쿴һеذס
ذǻɢһ˿⣬ȻǺԣڰĻУ컹ܹоĵ
ذײ֮ͽذ׸
콫ذ֮ЦŶ˵Ǻǣذ׵ʲôͷô档Ȼգ
εҡҡͷ˵ֻ֪ذ׽ۣ
˵֮󣬾Ͳڿ̻üǺŵڡ
ʱȥǸɫĶʱѾûˣ컹ǲ֪⵽ô¡ֻܵȻῴ˵
һжŪ֮˵߰ɣǽȥɣ£Էʲô
ͷȥһûʲôϢůڵĸо
һһ߷ʲô֣ҪʲôϮ˵Ļ˿϶Ҫ군ġ
ϾڰĻУʲôֵĻӦˡ
˵룬ʱ췢ԭͦģԽⶴԽԽС
Сһ̶ȵʱٿѾԿ˹ĺۼˡ
ҲǺҪȫȻĲŻ⣬Ͼûʲôġ鶴ǵͿʼխˣ˽һųڵģ
߱߿Ȼ˵㿴ǲе㲻ԾأôоƵãһеˣ
ҲĸоȷʵԽԽȺԽԽɽߡ
ˣ˵û⣬Ӧû䡣ȴԽ߾ԽǸоȺ
컹оһӭ洵˹
ͷȻСĶ˵ҲоˣӦòǻɽɡûʲôɽʲôģӦҲУ
Ϊʲôĸоһ㶣˵Ҳǣ϶ûлɽģҪлɽǻӦǿŵζһȺϢ֮⣬һӳѵȪ
ҲǳƵܿȪǼǰ߿
˼ǰߣܿ͸о˵Ϣ뽫Լϵ·ѹ⡣ǶѨ͸оһ
ȥǰǸ粻˵ˣֳһѵԼ˵˲ɣ
𰸺ܿ½ˣͿǰȻͿĲǺܴ󣬵ǰֵһǰһŵĺӣһð˱ڶ
쿴žеʿˮѾˮôǿŹġ
סˣһԵҲסˡطʵ̫ǧٹˡ粻˵տˮĺУ
춼е㲻Լ۾еˮϵķݡһỹɽһƬˮ
治ϵˮΣȫЩɵġ
쵹֪ȪˮȵģһγŹĺˮ컹ǵһο
췴ƽϢоĲԼǰûмϴƽɽҲһº⵽ﲻ˺ȪӣӦǿˮӡ
һ˵˾·ˣѾǰͻȻһӵҪھͷȥǰӣҸұ֤һȥͳˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ȵȣǹȥȿôͳ϶ûô򵥣ûأ˵ҸоеΣ
ҡҡͷ˵ȥɣҿǲȥ㡣ұ쿩
ͷ˵ɣԼȥŲҪҶֿ
ͷӦ֮ԼĿˮӣһطȥ
ֵ磬ЩȥĺвϹĺ컹оԼϵĵطŲƹȥԼо¶ԽԽߡ
ߵӱ棬Ϳˮ峺¶ȸһֺܸߵĸо첢ûֱĸоֻǸоȡ
ѵˮ¶ȣûһٶȣ
룬Ҳпܣˮ¶Ż仯ģ˵ˮ¶Ȼûһٶȡ
츩ӣҪָͷ쵽ˮ棬ĻǱ̵ˣҲֻһѡ


168 
ǰͻȻðһӣӣ̼Ŀˮӡһӣˣô졣һ£Լˮ°ɡҪѾǿˮĻԼһˮݡҲһᡣ
üͷҪ쵽ӵ棬Աߵͳ󺰵죬ˣ
عͷһƣ漴㽫ԼֵСָͷŽˮ
ָĴˮı棬ûиоǳ̣Ǹоеȡ
콫óȥȻˮȵĶ̵ģҲʮȡ
վӣкˮ̣
󣬸һüͷ˹һ˵ô£ѵ̣㿴ˮˣ
쿴ݵĺӵ˵ûп㽫ȥ
üͷһ壬ȻӣԼ쵽ˮ棬üͷֽ֮Լ˳Ȼ˵Ȼˮǿġˮôôݣˮ
ڵϣһʯͷˮСȻ˵ˮݺܿˮʲô岻ϵųŻеݡҲһֿǾжֿԲǸˮʲôģ͸˵ˣֻҪˮһͻˮɢ⵹ǲ֣
ҲһڵϣȻ˵ô죬ӵĶȻû·ˣɽ棬ҲûˡӵҲȻ©ĺܳˣһĵطûʲô
ڵϿźӵطݣ˳Ĭ˵Ķԣ©ҲôһΣҿĳһλ˹ġ
ûǸое㲻ԾϾһ·Ϲûʲôء˳ǻǸ֣һߵ϶ᱻܣϾĺˮֱ;
ңһαڳĺӵǱڵģԣڳĺӵˮҲ֪ǴﱼͿֻܿߵɽ塣
˼һ֮վӣȻԱߵ˵ȥӵ᲻ʲôҪȻôݻûлأͼԿ϶ߵǶŵġ
һѾץסĸ첲˵죬㻹ɣӵˮ¶Ȼ֪жأҪֱȥˣǻˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ҵֱţҳ֮˵ҪҳĻԼѰҳ·ɣ
ɿץĸ첲˵СӣôôŤ˵ĵǲԡоģе㣬ȥҪʲôĻҲȥ
ͷȻӱߣȽϵѵò࣬Ȼýһ¶ȡоԼӦǿԳܡ
漴ԼĽŷˮ棬һʹԼĽ´档ϾǺˮֱڸ˵ˡ
ȥ֮콥Ų壬ԼŲƵˮ棬ˮֱӴӽӵ档
͸оԼµ࣬ĸоտʼ廹е㲻ʡԼߵʱҲӦûǰĲӦһоʸС
ͻȻ͸оԼĽһգԼһ¾Īˮ档ʱе㷴ӦһˮͽԼĿС
㱻ˮǺ췴Ӧ˲Լ塣ƽɽ֮͸ѧϰһӾڻЩ飬ҪȻǰƽɽ֮ǰ϶ᱻȻƾԼӾľ飬ĸˮ档Żһ
֪Լǲȿˣӵ϶ǰߵĺˮǱȽǳԵģǵмпһֱӾͲȿȥ
һ²ںˮ棬ˮͨѧϰǿټǰû¡
¶ˮ֮͵ؾһȻסһӾȥ
ԼСֵ磬ֵСǹȷʵǿ󣬼ϴεľ飬ֵʱרһѷˮֵ硣ԣͦá
һȥֵ֮һ档ȻˮǹĵˮǺܻǣϾɽȫɽʯ
ֵ֮󣬾ͿˮȫһЩʯʯһЩݾʹӺӵĵײð˳Ȼ󸡳ˮ档
ӵǺһ¾Ϳ˵ײûκֻʯݣӵҲҵȡ
ֵƶķȥͿһСڡСڲǺܴ󣬵ȴݵһȥ
СڣֺͰڶǱ˹ȥιȥ֮ͷСھȻ˹俪ģС滹һЩģ


169 ҵ
ðΣֱˮ֮󣬲ûиоӵײжô¶ȣˣһоԼǱ룬ˮԽԽͣҲ˵ںˮϲȵģǵȴʼ
ȲЩóֵ翴˿һСˣС滹ġֻЩһ㶼ֻ֪˿̻ȥģǵҵĵһ
˿֮оԼѾ˼ˣϾȻҲŲ˶á
ûһᣬ͸ˮ档ʱҲ졣󺰵Сû°ɣ
ЦЦȻ򰶱ߣ˵ûУˮ£ԽԽоʲôˡҹȻˮ淢һΡ
˵ô£㵹˵˵
ŪһԼʪͷ˵ˮе֮⣬һǾӵĵײһСС֡
ʲô֣졣
˵֪Ҹȷģǵһ֣ЩСרġ
һ㶣Ȼ˵˵СģһһЩġĻСʲô᲻ʲôأ
ӵĿһ˵СӾ֪أҹǸСһҡҲʵǱﲻסˣ͸ˡ
ŶһžͿʼԼϵ·һһ߶˵ߣǽȥȥС϶бأ
ͷвΪȻ棬ǳǾŸ֣ĶѾˡϾԼҲС۵ˡЩϾȲԼҪ
֮һһĶײڰ棬ǿԷֹʲô״
ľ·ˣҲࡣ
һͬȥʱֱӿǸСֱӾǸСĵط˹ȥбģǱûĿĺá
ȥ֮оһ£һ꣬С˽ȥĸͬʱڱСǺܳȴ˸оϢСȱҪܡ
ȥ֮ͻȻͷһ״֪ôͬʱоһǣסԼ壬ʱͿƲסС濪ʼȻСǲӹ
ʱͻȻоԼԴһĳʹ͸оʯ档һƵԼԴ˲˹ȥ
֮󣬾ͷԼ徹Ȼһƽ棬طոպþһңΪֵУڻԵʱû뿪Լֵ֮翴˿
Щ֮⻹оԼǰðݵĺӵѾðˡ
棬ûʲôصĵطһԼ澹Ȼѹ
Ͻ̽̽ıǿ׻
Уʱһ˹һںˮʹӶð˳˵ϡ
쿴³ˮʱŸоԼĶӾȻҲǹĹĵġһͣɵеܡ
֮һ˵ô£
쿴еԺ˵Ҳ֪Ӧһңҿ˿ǿյġûʲôҲûʲôˣֻǰӵˡ
˿ӣӾԼ棬ȻֵĴ˿֮˵ô죬ܲλȥɣӵûˣˮֻһСֶѡֻһСˮ
һ֮վӣֵ硣˵㿴棬޹ĳһңûжȫһյġ˵⣬СҲСôҿǲʲôطлʲôġҪеĻ˵ڲأ
ͷǣ˾ͿʼǽĴô򣬲ôһᣬתһȦҲûзʲôԾĵطǸоյĵط
Ūһ֮йһʯͷϳĬȫյġһڻּʲôĶûУƲѡҪеʲôĻ⻹һĸоʲôûУͲˡ
ڵ˵˵ɣڸô죬ое㲻Ծ
ҡҡͷ˵֪ѾȫһյģƨûУﻹвԾĵط
յģһԼƨɵ²һʯͷ


170 ʯ
ʲôûȫһյĿռ䣬ͻȻҵоһʯͷҲԼƨɵŵһʯͷ
ǰ˹ѰǽϵĶȫƨɵµʯͷҪ˵жĻֻʯͷ˽һССĶڣĺˮ
ȻˮûʲôģҪ˵еĻ϶Լƨɵµʯͷ档
͵ؾվӣԱŵһվĪʵСַ񾭰
ҡҡͷ˵˵һûУƨɵµʯͷʲô
һ㶣Ȼһ͵ؾվӣĿ⿴Լոʯͷ
֮󣬸ӾͿʼ۲ʯͷ۲һҲûпʯͷʲôͬΨһܽ͵ǡʲôûУȴһʯͷҪ㶲Ļ治ע鲻۵ʯͷ
ȴˣʵǾˡʯͷ֮оʯͷܹ⻬ֵգ˿ʯͷӦǴʯרŴĥģһ
һ۲֮󣬲ŷʯʯͷɽʯһ͡ȻǴŪһʯͷȻǱʱǸСҪĶࡣҪǴС潫ʯͷŪĻȻǲܡ
ʯͷǴСŪĻô϶ǴӱĵطŪġǾ˵϶ʲôܵء
Щ֮󣬶Լ뷨˵һߡҲǵͷǡʯͷȷʵǴŪģһأ÷
ýʯͷûзӦ˿˰Ҳûпʲôãʯͷһ⻬ģûκһǣһڵʲôĻرǶûУ˿һȻûзʲôɵей
ͬʱʯͷϣ˵ô죬ʯͷҲûʲôè壬ڵǲʲôϣˣǰԭ·ȥˡ˾͵棡
ҡҡͷ˵а㻹ûзû·ģǽҵʱǱˮĳġҪȥĻǵˮûа취ȥǳң档ǽǸҲѾرˡҪȥǻ취ɣ
콫ڵĴһһ֮˳ĬȻǱĻˡҪȥĻǶʯͷˡ
һĬ֮еѹ֣ϾҪǲҵڵĻֻأӦòʲôǲصĵطеĻҲǻڱԵشСڳڵλôأ컳ɻʲôǵҵĳأصĵطҲпǰĵʿõľҲһ
ڵǲˣˮҲ˶áϾϴŵʳ޵ġѾоеˣϾǻˮһᣬڻʪġ
֮͵ؾվĿ⿴˵Ϊʲôʯͷ
üͷһ壬˵ôʯͷôĸͷҲ᲻
ǺһЦ˵Ҹоʯͷ»ʲôǶǱʯͷĸͷŵˣû뵽һ㣬ʯͷܴԼ᲻ҪܽʯͷᶯĻ㲻滹ʲô
Ҫǰ˵ĻоҲеɵöĴָԸʲôأʲôʲôģҲˡֻҪлصĻ˵г·ҪʲôûеĻǻֱӱ
ڰ£˼죬ڻһԼľûеٽ㣬ѾеˡϾ˵Ǵŵʱ䲻ǺܾãҲˣѾпһˡ
һץסһǣͬʱĺһʯûжʯҲһҵ壬Ƶкüٽ
΢ķһ£ֿʼһ»ûжейǷ˿ɵĵطȴûа취ƽ⡣
ʱ˵ô죬˵ĸͰ᲻ʯͷҪһܸ˾ͺˣ˿
һ㶣ָıı˵ܸˣûľͷֽӦôذɣ
һ㶣˵ѽôһˣ
콫Ū˳Ȼչ֮һһѣû˵ֵģӲǹˡ
˽һϣȻһʱʯͷ΢΢һ£΢΢ԳһС϶


171 ֮
Ψһֵһʯͷ˿ǵרõģóԭҪҲʲô״ŴڹȻó
΢һøܸ֮ܶ󣬷ʯ档һͬʱʱʯҲ΢΢ƶһλá
ʱͷ֣ʯһڣѾ¶һķ϶
С϶֮˾ǳ˷ܼһ㣬Ͼǿڣζҵ˳·Լǣ档
ΣͶһߵ캰쿴иС϶Ӧһڰɡ
ͷҲǺ˷ܣӿ˵ټӰѾǽʯͷŪ˵ͿԳȥˡ
ٴûһᣬʯͱŲλáһСӣǶҲʲôܵһСһĶ
һһһƽ׿ȣԼΪһߵС֮ɵеʧһܵȻͨڻʲôġǰʵһ¾ͽ˷ľͷȥˡ
˲ûзǳСҲεģϾǸԵ޹ôȥһСרöȻ
Ҳųǻصڵأ쿴С浽׻᲻ʲô
ϸһȻһɫĶͺǰǸĺɫ
֮˷ܵĶԱߵ˵쿴Ȼ㿴ⲻǰǸɫĶôӦǻڵء룬ֻҪɫĶȥ϶ʲô
һԱߵȻֵù棬Ȼ˵ӦǰǸѨϵĶԣ
˵Ҫ֣ʱץס֣ҡҡͷ˵ȲҪһʲôĻؿɾͲˣҪ֪ط֣һǵһֱҪġ
һ㶣ץԼ˻̾Ϣһ˵˵ڸô죿
룬˵ðհɣ㵽һǽĻлأӦò䵽ǽǵλá
üͷ˵ôУҵʲôˣΪҵСǰɣ
ǺһЦȻ˵ðյ£һͳˣҪһ£˭ʬŪȥ
ҧҧҲ֪ôġȻ˵ɣҶ㵽ǽǵλõ㣬һҪðյ£ɣ
üͷȻ˵ɣɡǵʱǱĺܣ
һ죬ȻĽ忿ǽڵĽϣʱ쿴һȻóذİɫǶðһĶ档
ͿⶤñƵõĶһ¾Īʯ档ǹʮӵʱ䣬Ȼûʲô
ʱ˵죬װûУʵҪǲеĻɡҲȥү˵ûϢ
վӣһ˵ˣֻǡ
¡
Ļû˵ʵͿʼ֤Ȼлءһ£ҶʼһվȾͱˤڵϣʱסˡ
ΪоסˣΪ쿴ǶǽھȻʼ
ƺǳŵĴűһһ̳ͿʼҶʼǰҡѾȥˣʣµıǲ
ĿĴűһ˵ǻص򿪡ʱֵ磬ȥ
ͿǽھȻа׶ʯͷӲǱظŪ档γһ׶Ĵš
һ֮ͬʱӦæľ˹ʲô
֮΢΢еµĸо˵СȥذȫȥײءҪȻˡ
һӿĻ˵Ҳ֪ⶫǿŵİťû뵽ƵĻػôһʯŶԱ档²˳٣ǽȥ˵
ΪлشԭֵĹڲǺܺãΪȫǻҳĩֵͿ浽ʲô˵ȵزڶʱ׼ȥ
Ǿڻزʱ򣬻ûʮӵʱ䣬ʯžҪ
һ㶣Ͻ㣬ȥ
˵ʯ˹ȥ
¡
˸ոպôʯţʯžĵ·ŵʵʵ
һ֮콫ԼϵĻҳģȻڵϵֵ硣˵ڣѾˣȻ̳ȥ֮ǾȥվҪҶҪʲôĻҲӦ
֮űӾͶ˵Ҳ֪ԲԣҪǽˡȥʯţŪǻ氡
ҡҡͷ˵ҪǰǸͬ￴˵ʲô·
˵֮󣬾ͽֵ򿪣Ȼ˵ˣȥҸоܴ󣡡
˶ֵ򿪣ʱҲʲôԼԼˣֵĹӦǻԳһʱ䡣
ҳʱطĺɫɴһһĽ⿪
ֵȿıǵмţȻϢõġӦ֪µǸԴҲҪˡ
ϸһǾŸеƣѵڵǱȽҪһô
ٿÿǰһŰЩ޲ĶһЩƷʲôģһĶ
ֻڵİѾû˹ƷĹƷӦʱѾˣҲûˡֻʣһЩ߶ѡ
쿴Щ֮󣬾ͷ϶εģôЩӦǴŪġȻЩŶʯͷ̵ģĶӦǴŪġ
Ŀ⿴ЩһЩߣɵ۾ʼһԵ˵ЩǲǹŶ㿴Щ߲ʯͷģһЩͭ
˵֮󣬾Ҫǰȥȴס֡˵ȲҪҶǹŶǴĳȥУȻڿһؾͲˡ
һֿ֮Щ浽ǹЩʲôֵ翪ʼⰸĺ棬ʱŷطʵǴֵ£Щĺֳɭɭף첻ǺãһԼľ
طܴ󣬹򳡴СŰһſھŰվžŸɫֲܡ
ʱҲˡһͽ˳


172 ־֮
ʯͷῪ֮󣬾ͷʯһǰϵǸءƣЩһЩȽƵĻأһͿˡ
ؿ֮ͳһʯţҴһڲҡ
ҵоȻЩ֮⣬ȻǹһЩªĲ֪ʲô·
ŸǾŸħһ㣬沿š۾ͬʱһطǾĵطҲվŵλá
ǿЩ񣬾˵áһûʲô״֣ЩȻ沿ǲûвʲô
ϸ۲죬Щ񣬻һص㣬ǱÿжһⶫǱģǾŸ֣
Щÿһ׵ĸ߶ȣЩֻߡһֶֻŵĹָǸˣҡ
ɼҪЩֶס
Դе㷴ӦЩϵĹֹʮֽôⵥȣ컹֪ŸôҪǾŸֵĻһõһ϶Ǻء
Щ֣ҪĿģҪǲЩֻȥĻβǰôζҪŸ
ҪȥĻǱȽһ㣬ԲЩĵȥҪһһĻе㲻ףŸǸЩһġĻ˾ûа취ˡ
Щֱֶŵģ˵ûй̶סĻûпܡ˵Щֶǹ̶ЩġЩʯͷܣ첢ЩֻҪԽЩŪ
ЩǸһֿ־ĸоЩʲô״
㶵Ķ˵죬Ǽʶˣʲôħˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ƲħɣȻЩɷ沿ЩӦòʲôħҲ²Ǿ񽫣
񽫣е˼ĸо
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ֵһÿһҸ߸߾еĹ֡ſȻеĹ־Щ񽫵ĵλá
ŵģվŵġ֮󣬶˵˵ЩôطôЩĵۡéɽɵķʵ̫ˣôƫƫ
ҡҡͷ˵ЩͲ֪ˣܾΪ֧̫ࡣﶼһѣŸֺܾܿǰĵʿԼѰҵġ˵ϴġҪȻǹָһ־ˣЩǸÿǵ£ҪǽЩȻҳڡ
һ㶣Ȼ˵㿴ЩֶôÿһͭģõĶ𣿡
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Ҳʱһ΢΢ķƮüͷһɡ˵Ȼз磬згڣǻҰɣ
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173 ҵ
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쿴һ죬漴һ档ʯͻ㣬Ҳʼ
ЩܶͻĵطǺܳ˺˳ıȥ
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콫ֵȻǰһ£ȻһڡûڱĵطЩƽ̹Сһͷ
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СھһһҵСѨһͨһǻɣ֮⣬ӦûбĳڡϾһССͨǲܽôЩŪģڸ͹ܲôˣֻҪǳھУܳȥҡ
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ҡҡͷᶨ˵ɣҪĻǻġʦүĵܶ𻵣ǻʦô
ڵһ˵˵ô죿ⲻУǲУҪȻǾͲҪŪֱӳȥˡ
ͷЩ֣ͻȻֵһգЩ澹ȻһСȦЩ־ǺܴвСǾǰһСȦǿյһһǮôС
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174 Σ
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ҪǸʱӦû
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175 
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Σ𽥱ƽҡǸС档²ŵĵ˲̮ˡ
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176 
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Ⱥɱεˣ˲ûиǡǸǣҲšֻãʱ£УЩ˱ס
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178 
һȺҵѰ֮£ҵڵء׼ѾõСǣ׼ǰʱĶȻСǻһжӵˡ
һЩСʦǱéɽɵˡڵ֮󣬾ͿʼѰۡ
Ҫ˵ѰۣǷǳѣжǵҵˡǼȫéɽԱ
һȺ˺ƺƵľɱɽ棨ɽ̫ɽһطͲ˵ˡܣ۾ɽ档
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ҵˣһȺվŵĵط棬һƣ΢΢ɢ⡣
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һгҪԼ壬Ӧɣҿ϶֮ڣ£ߣҪò£뱲ӵ̾ӳǰ׵ˣʱһԹԵͶ̥ġ
гͷ˵ţҪסֻռҵ죬ȻҲļޡʱҪǲߵĻҹƾ͸һˣǺǣ
мĿһг˵ҲֵܣⱲһ¾Ǹ㽻ѣͬѧ
гͷ˵£ҸСֵ˵仰͸ҵȥ鰸ɣ
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184 ԩ鰸
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ģһԩǱŪԹȽϴҪǺĻȥˣͲԼѾҪǷԼԼҲӦ벻Լôġ
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ξֳһ㶣ȻǱԼľٶŵˡɵ˵ҵǣҸ鰸ô£ôˡ飬ʲôѹĻЩҶţͲùˡֻҪ죬ҪҲ鲻ĻҲ޻˵
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ξֳһᣬ˵гɡӣһ죬ǾζӳЭưôҲǸӲǣ
һһЦС˵УЭ참ɣ
Сվ˳ЦĿһг˵ллгһὫ°áԣһưġ
һЦСٴȷʵܶġıǸЦס
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֮ץһԱߵʯӵˮһպ¹⣬еҹѾǺҹˣˮڵƹ¹ҫ״Ĳơ
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һۣ˵ûֻǶôһѡ
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185 ԩ鰸2
쿴鴹ɥȻ޷Ϊһ֮ҪƽԼİӣ顣ʵԩ궼Ѿˣɼǰȷʵһɴˡѹ֮Ҳֻ̾š
Ĭһ󣬱㿪ʼ졣еһϪ̣һûһڵĳš
˵ҺܾµȻ϶һˡҺ
ҡҡͷ˵Ǻǣڲһѣȹ֮Ҿͻʧ䣬ʲôһ˺˶ѡ
üͷ˵ӳǸС֮⣬㻹ôҪ֪²ô򵥣ԤıѾõģҿ̬ӦǱе㲻ɱһֱʲô춫ġ
һ˵һ߹۲沿飬ԼĻŭˡ쿴ڵ沿ûʲô仯ƺ̸Լһɵôһ
Ĭһ˵С֪ĵǲ٣ڸͼǲǰΡƽԩ޳𣬸˵˭ˣ˾ǰѣѵȦӺܴ󡣵ΪûеʲôˣҪ˵˵ĻǱǱµЩˡ
ҡҡͷ˵ĻͲðˡֻ룬ⱻӦòǣǸﵽʲôҪǱģôҪƽûеʲô˵ĻżȻֵĲɣ
ҡҡͷ˵ǰŹ񣬵ԼȴһСɵÿЦҪ˵ˣֻһǱǸСˣСƽԼǾֳÿ춼ǺٻҵϾǸߣѹԾ͵һٽݣʼֳλáأ˵λӦþҵģϾҸôˣĹϵҲͨˡʣµʱΣȴʱ򡭡
Խ˵ԽǼŵһȻˡϽ˵ˣǰѷµıǣ֡Щʲôʲôߣֻ֮󣬻һ޵֮ˣͽֿˣֻҪӹȥƽƽͺáӳѾˣҲҪЩţ
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е㲻ҪǲСɵģ˭ѵһﲻɡҪǽĻֻһܾˡ˵Ǹŷ˵ľǺ˵йѵǱʲôĲɡ
˵Ҫʲô˵ĻôĿ϶ֻһ϶͵ʱ򿴿ɣҪǸʱٳʲôĻ˵ɣ
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ͷ˵ɣǿŰŰɡʵʹģѾļڣﴦӡСﰡҪúñ֣϶ǰ;ġ
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Ҫ֪ɱҪ׵Ļɱ˰ȷʵе죬ΪġǸ״һǱġ
ԣԴͻȻ˳һϢƺտʼʱģô¡
ѵѣȺ˵Ķһڲŷӳ
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ʬʰ֮һ˱ҾҽԺͻص˾档
ص֮ٿŶ۵ĴᣬӣҲ̾ưʱ򣬸ÿĲͬʲôѰưɵ㡣
ڻİ˵ɱˣӹɱˡȵȡ
ûһǷֳģȴ뵽ӦʲôɱˡǸое㲻ԾȻԩǸĸоһ˵ĸо


186 ԩ鰸3
˵һָое㲻Ծǲɴ֮»١²ҪǱʲôĻֿܣһ˲ٿصģڶӦǸг
һǸ˽ãҪ˲ݵĻе㲻ܣڶĳˣ˵ĻֻдЩȥˡЩȥӦöˣЩڷɵĵӦøûжĹϵҲųǻŵ˲ɱˡ
ԴеˣԼֲʲôư̽Ҳ̾뵽Ѿܲˡ
ӻûʲôչҲûʲôֳûʲôȷʵеϡ棬Ҳҿ϶ǹɱġֳֳֻܿûʲôҵĺۼҲûд򶷵ĺۼеֻһȴʬ
һȺ治ͣ̾ϢҲ̱ų⡣԰ȫһäĿ״̬ܿڶ͹ȥˣűǵ죬һ죬ɳ
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ҸоҲǣϾͬѧԸһҲ

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ͿֱóһԸֱȥһС˿״ƽŵŪˡ
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ʱѾˣȻǲ֪Ϣһ־ĸо
Ŵ֮󣬼˳˽ȥȻǾıײžͳ塣
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ǰ˵һǱġ
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ʱһ˵£еüĿˣ


187 ԩ鰸4
ͻȻ˵ԼʲôеͷԵĸоȻЩûиС˵СͲ֪ô¡
ȷʵеϾԩİӡҪ潻ӵĻҲŪϾҲϣΪǻġ
쿴һ˵һ˵
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һüͷһ壬Ȼ˵ӳӣǼ˰ģ
˵ʱ߸ˣ˽ʱ仹ãҼǵǰտʼʱһûо쵽ʲôˡʱ̾ӳר飬ھͽӸˡȥִе̣ˣʱץֵʱӦˣ˫ֵ̥ܣľһˣͽ˸ץˡеʧ˼
һ㶣˵˵ĲԹӦӦðôѵ˫ֵ̥ܻŵǸô
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ʱɱ˵ġȽײУץסֵʱһԱˡ
ͷ˵ͺ˵ˣֻҪĿͺ˵ˡ˵߸˲ӡô߸˶һ
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һļ˵ҹģҲҹġһȥģɼֻһʱҪ˵Ļ˵˿϶ǻҪԩĻԩҹɷصʱסҾͽЩŪסӳЩͶ̥Ȼ˵죬˵ͻЩ޷Ͷ̥ԩߡǣéɽɵĴˣҿסͲҵ㡣ʵǲˡһСʱӦûġ
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ҡҡͷ˵һġԩ֮⻹һʣǺˣǲͶ̥ģ˱ҪԼ˸֪֮ſͶ̥ܸӣҪû˳ĻͻظѺ֮󣬽ڵظۡ
Ļһ¾͸ŵˣĵĺ죬ԴЩ亹ð˳Ȼ˵Ҹô죿
쿴еɫ˵˵϶ûġסĻСʱûнĻҲûа취ˡϾߵǵоŻ˵ľҪԻ죬һСʱ֮ڱҪԩѺصظġЩֻܿǸ֣ˡʮֵĻǾûнⶫ£Ǹʱ֪Լġ֪ҲͶ̥ġ
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ʱĺܿ죬ҲˣеüĿʲôԩİӵĻҵҲûа취ﰡʵֻܽЩ趨Ϊˡ
ص棬ξֳ˵г²ŪˡЩ¼ϱѾ֪ˣǻմ绰Ѿʼʩѹˡô죿
ͷ˵û£Ѿҵˡͷģ
仰һ˶סˡ漴绰룬Ҳʣµ˵ĺ룬˽֣ٻ


188 Ӱ
ҵˣһ죬ûиоøԼϵǸͻʱ򣬸պý˽ˡ
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춼ؿڵ϶¡Ȼô¾˵ˡ
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ȻЩ͵͵ģƷҲ˵ľ棬˸Ͳ֪ҪʱʲôԩĻȻס
һж׼׵֮콫˳Ͼ²ԩпܻǸ˶׼ȫĻǲð졣
£컹ͷһǰүϵĶ֪ΣգҪһã˲ǳմ
гг֮геϢһֳ˵㶫֪û¡
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ʱܿ͵ʮһӣϢһôû⣬Ͼйغ¡컹صĲѡ
סСȻ˵ⶼҪǴӰ洫ġ
ʱ˵ģȴոʱѰһҪ˵ʱĽٶǶôпһ¡ûа취ˣֻԡ
춼һֵңڸڵķڰԱߣгһ˴һ֡Ϊ˲˻ԩʲôɣſװ˯
ʣµֵľ۾ţ˵϶ǲܣű˹ɱԼʲôһ
ʱһһĹȥܿ㵽ҹʱ䡣ʱ۾ϴΪڵֵһҶ໥
ʱԼʼҵһֲõԤУÿԤУᷢһЩ¡ο϶Ҳ⡣

˵ڵķͻȻʹһײ͸ȻĿ⾪ֵĿһطϵĺˣײ˺档
üͷһ壬ļûжôˣ
Ѹٵƹ˴ϣ͸һһáԼԼ
ͿͻȻͶֻεĹꡣҲͰˡǰĹȥˣһȷʵľ
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컹ǰѾ׼ûбǰЩһоԼͺҪһ
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189 
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190 ư
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뾯֮ɢҵĶʰһ쿴һСֽˡһãʱͿڶ˵Ѿ֪˭ɱˣѾȷҲȥͶ̥ˣšһһҪҽּù鰸ҲΪұˣ
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191 ư2
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г˵֮󣬶˵ʰ˰ɡȥ˯ɡһ磬һȥˣ
һ㶣г˵Ϊʲôȥ
гҡҡͷ˵˿϶ĺܣ϶Լ첻ڳ֤ݣǽȥǸξֳҲɾ֧ԮġϾǸСûڣξֳ϶취СưҾ͸ӣȵ죬Сȥˣ
ͷ˵гȻؿ㣬ˡȥ˯ˣ

ڶ峿һ磬죬ˡгʱҲϴˣھֵĴʱ򣬾ͿгԱѾˣǸСһЦšԱߵڵϵϣܿ죬һҳϾͳˡ
һ۵ĻʾǰǸﱻץӽƲסڱڡһ磬ֵΪƲʲôöС죬С͵СĹӡΪڵԵʱ˷֣ɱˡܿƣƲΪɱﲢд̣һִС
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üͷƳ͸ϵǸûκϵѾеԼһץˡǹĸ֪϶ǲģ˵ƳɱԼƳӦþɱ֡ôϵǸһ㶼ûƵĵط
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֮ƳЦЦ˵ӰˣǺǣƭ˵ԶƭˣĲ
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ͷҲص˳ȥ֮г˵ˣ˲֪ʲôԼǹסˡû֤ݣûа취
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ϸĽ¸˵һߣүǱ߳Ĭһ˵ôţ㿴üѪдһŻƷȻȼ֮ɼҳЩڡ


192 
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׼֮͸г˵һȻߵ濴Ƴĵطĳ֣Ƴüͷ
ƳȻǲţὫԼƵĶ˵ôСӣҵûС
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첢û˵ߵƳǰ棬ȻЩĻţ챳ΧƳתȦ
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ЦЦʱ͵ؾͽеƿӴ򿪸֮󣬶׼ƳļԾȥ

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гͷ˵ɣֵܣλǶ㡣ҵĵУȫ㽫˸µġˣʲôʱҰһʱ䡣
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Щ֮ͷ˵˵ȥôҸȥɣҪȻҪǳʲôӦûУ
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ͷ˵ɣҾһеģȥǸƣӦġ
ͷٴν§ڻУԼصĴѹķ۵ĺ촽档
ڶ죬찴ǰڵ濴꣬ʱԹһͬųһǰ档
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ͷ˵˵ģƾһͷͷֵµ˻ŵKTV¶ĳһЩеԵĳЩƴŪǮģҪһĹҶȥϾϲȱǮ


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ЩȥǱʵȴһЩС졣
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Ū֮쿴һ˵һҪãϴ档
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196 
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ԳɸӢȥ졣˫ץסӣǸоƺǲôοһǻȥ
ǵ;ͻȻһӾȻʵס»һξ룬һ¿ǰŵòᣬȶһ֮»䡣ĹҲߣֻ׶ĸ߶ȣžݶôߣˤȥĻпܽԼȲˤϣϾĹҵȫʯש̵أӲޱȡ
Ļ֮콫ֵĹܣͿһͨͨˣͲ֪ǶԴѾʧ˷СǻԼϵֱһָ룬պÿָʾϱλĹҲպϱֱͨ͡
Ƽ˶֮󣬶С˵ߣĹܻܿʲôءԴСһ㣬ҵ󡣡
˵֮󣬾Ϳʼűķλƶ壬ҲǰմͳϵķλʵһģϡĹҵλá
һԳ˲ƵĽӡںųһС
һĹң͸оĹ֮еСеĸоĹȻϱͨȻĹҵܾͨܿһһĹ֣ĶǺ˽Ⲣ֪ĹҵĲֵʲôӡ
һĹֶķ󣬹ĹҺĸоΪĹֵĹ䲻ͷһ㣬ͿȷĹĳʮ׿⡣жĹģ
ǰƣ·һҵԵС͵һӣŲ£оʵ֮ŻȵڶţȷʵСģż˵Ĳǰ
ʱֵһǽڣǽϲûʲôڻƺһ־һ㣬ֻҪһʲôĹһҪЩĵطǽǷбڻ
ߵǽɾĺܣûʲôֻש
ǰʮ׵ľ룬ǰֵ䵽˾ͷҲ˵ڣǰĹˡĹľͷĹңȻʱǰƿ֮Ҳӿ˲ӡ
Ĺһ£а׶೤ΪǱȽϺڰԾ೤첢֪
ܿ͵ǰ棬еһͣ˽ŲעҲĿ⿴ȥ


198 ¹
˳ֵĹǰ濴ȥʱ˲סˣΪһĻԾһĻ
ͿֵĹĵطĹľͷķλȻһµб£б׵ȣ̨ס
ⲻҪҪǣбЩԾΪ쿴һֽĹ֮С
жʱ;бһ㳡һƽأЩƽٲȻһЩΪ켸ڸûߵĹľͷǵλͿЩϰ벿֡
ⲻǱĹǻʹС汾ȻģĴ󣬵㹻һ˽жԵխ
ЩСݣ׳ĻʹڹǰһĹ㳡㳡ǰ涼Ǻ̳ɵ̨ףʹǰĺʯŶС汾Ĵڡ
ⲻôⲻǴô
ôǣʵн˹ģӴĻʹԼס¶ԭĹڹ滹ŸֹҡΪԶͿЩдʲô֣ظʵеЩĻͬ
ЩʯͷС汾ЩľͷģⶼʯͷġΪڵ£ʯͷȻõĲϣС汾ĻʹõĲȻǱʵõ٣Ǿ٣ôģĹڵ£ʵ˯ĵطҲǰδС
ȻΪԼܹǰһĴȻµĻʵۡʱʼʵޣһģĹٸ֣ûʼǰǣҲûʼǰ̱ꡣһ¹ĹģǵĻʵ۱ݳޱȵĻʵۡŴĵһֿǱǳǵ޷ʱֻܽԼĵطǰȻͳνɽ𢡣
һ沢ܷģ϶ͨĵطһʱл͹
һ˵ҲǲϵĲȻǱ⹬ĹģӦǱĹҹģסˡѾԶԶĳ˵󣬱Ͼʵ̫ˡ
ƴһӣβŴл͹̾ⱲǳˣⱲ¹ĹѨ֪һǵһμĹҽṹʵ̫ݻˡȻûд˵еʼʵĹǰӴ󣬵ĹҲҲڶġ
ƵĻǳ׵ıǰĹװ𺳵ˡȻȻǺųУξҲûмʶĹһμʶעǸġ
ԳƵĻͷһеĸ˵ͷѺˣûаԺ˭ûа취ԽġҸҶ϶γȥ֮󣬿϶һҵеľͷҾʹ˾γȥ֮ͽϴ֣ײƸֲ£
û뵽ԳɾȻģ˴Ĺ֮󣬾ȻȷϴֵͷǴԳɵĻһǱǣЩҵ֮Ҳһִﵽ۷ĳ̶ȡԳǼʶģĵ¹֮󣬴ʶǹĹֱ˽⣬Ҳ˽еԸ˳һҵһҵѾû˸ԼͬļʶĹȥ̽ĻԵ̫ûƷζˡ
ҵԳУξĳ̶ȵˣҲƲ֪٣һȥĹҲ֪ٸѾЩͨĹѾû˿ľԽǮҲû˸ʲôĹ
֮⣬Ӣ֪˵ʲô̶û˵۾ֱֱĿЩ
̾ϢһһһеֵܣĶԼ˵ߣһΣҲϴ֡ûʲôĹٶʲôջˣӴ˳ҵѾȱҲֲһˡˣֻµʱֲǰӵĹҪȻȻкõĽ
Ӣ֮л֮󣬶һԵļ˵⣬⻹Ĺôңһǵһοı϶ĲУҷˣ
ҡҡͷȻԼиղйӢһԼǿѹȥϾģôӴĹкܹء
бǣоطԼмԼϾ˵ĵطȻͬѵ˵´ĹҡΣ
̻֮ǰͷʼжļߺһ˵ߣȥ϶ֻأֵˣȻ̽ģĹȺ
ƵĻȻǼѣƵĻ£˿ʼ΢ͻʹȥ


199 
طȻṬǻʹĹģֻ΢͵ģǾ΢͵ģҲǷǳ׳ۣȻʹ˽ȥ֮о沢ӵеĹ͸һôȺģ޴Ĺ֮мǸǵֱ͸ЩС¥һߴ
ЩˣоѾߵĹľͷͷλȫԿȺ
˵΢ͣȻǲС򳡶ҪҪʲôĹģʱ²ſԽĹģĹء
ı𺳵ˣҪΪ޽ĹҶûмǲеġ
ԣͻȻ룬ط޽ôĹģҪʱЩǽѵ⹬棬Ȼǲܣֻһ͡ǱЩǣܾܿһططͲ֪ˡ
𺳹󣬱ǸпЩŴĻʵ۾䣬ֲ˭ŵʵۡɱȨǰʦ
׻ǽϵƻع֮󣬶ż˵ȥСһ㡣طûô򵥡ЩСûʲôǸмĽǵƻбء˵׼ʵ۾ǸطǽȥһҪСģƻʲô塣
˵ͷҪȥ̨׾Ǻ̵ġ˵ǷǳݻǾʱĴݲУ⺺ûôˡ
ǰСĲһ̨ףһþʹأԼһ¸
Щ̨׶Ǻ̳ɵģǡЩָ̨ʲôس֣ÿһС
ǸƵĺ棬ٲȻĹǡϾطǳܵʱ򣬰ƷԸܱԼİȫ
˳̨沢ûʲôأһµ׵ȣʱٿЩٲȻ濴Ǹ濴ЩеǸߴ׵Ľ涥λýĹҵķλá
̨֮󣬼΢һǰһȣǹǰһ㡣ǰ滹кʯţʯһףһ׶Сӣ룬Сӿ϶ڸոսǵʱӦˮġѾɺˣΪ΢͹ĻǺӡ
˼ǺӵҪߣֱӱʱˡ
ͻȻһذವƿһȻǴǰǽģҲ֪˭ȵ˻ء
ǸûʲôӦʱ䣬ʱʶȥܡ
ಣಣ
һֱֻӴͷ˹ȥ컹ܸоĦԼԴͷʱŵ亹ֱһ㣬ԼСͲˡ
ٿˣû£ǳɹĶ˰Ϯ찵ҡ
ʱǰƣͻعͷԴ˵СˣǹѾ˻Ҫв
˵Ļ쿴͵ǷϻҲƺѣû
΢һ֮ƴͷٴǰȥʱͽذ˳ԱߵԳɿеذ֮һüͷ˵ذףǴŪģ
쿴һԳɣԳĶԼеذףȻһ˿̰ԳȻ֪еذ׵
һ˵͸ҵģġ
ԳŶһȻҲ֪ԼơȻϾǰĹҵʱԼߣӵ
ںԳɵ̸ȻǺܴҲǰƵע⣬ʱתһеذףüͷһۡƱϾƣջŤͷȥûչֳôľ̾
ѾǸС˹ǰ棬⹬Ŵ׶ߣȻʵеĲöˣϿȥҲǸоǳΰ
ŵмλãд֣š
Ѿеģˣ֪ʲôԭ򣬵ȻʹģȻԿ
ţǽǵǵȻпܾĹҡ
ǰķţ˵켸˸Ϳ浽ʲôʲôֻ濴ĹȻСġ
ȴŽţԤʾ޷룬ڼҲóȻȥǰԴ֪ʲôҪ֪涼лأһ򿪻ǻء
ҲʯͷɵģԼԼԿʯͷ滹źᣬѾеģˡʯѾ˻ɫԱߵĳǽҲһһ黨һġ
ȻʱĿʪѾɫ
ʹɫˣ⹬ȻǸûʡ
Ƴ˼һ֮󣬶˵ԣˣ⹬ŽաҪȥĻͱҪ򿪹ţҪȻûа취ȥǸղž˻ˣҪ⹬һĻȫĻǾǲųҲԷɳȥ
Գɿһ˵ȷʵˣһӵķؿˣҲûмĹҡһҪȥҪȻԼĶŲ
Ƶͷ˵ɣǾͶһѣ浽ûлء
Գɵͷ漴˵Ŀ⿴˳Ӣ죬ʵѾ⣬Կ϶ûԼϾ˵ʬǣԼϾ˵ʬǿ϶Ĺһߡط˵ûʲôֵĵط϶СѾ⣬Ҳǻ˰뱲ˡӢͬǶʮˣ
ƸԳ˵ĿǿӢӢ۾˸һ£ͷȻˣϾҪߵĻҲôףûϺ·Ļȥס
ʣһ죬漴Ҳͷ
ʱ̾Ϣһһ·һôľһ㡣ȷʵһܴܾܿ
߽ţȻ˫ַһʯ棬ļ˵һȥҪʲôأǿԶһ¡
ʵû뵽ƻôĴȣʱ򣬵ȻܶͶġ
һ֮͵һ͵صľһʯ˹ȥ˵ǷǳĿ졣
һʯʱƲһС϶ûбȫ򿪣ϾƵޣֻƿôһ㡣
ûʲôس֡ƶ㿪֮󣬿һ£ûʲôҪǰ׼Ƶڶ£ʱٴγ֡
ͻȻ͸о˵治ϵͺǧڱһ𶯲ҡΡ
ǰʯšһרſһĴ򿪡


200 ǵ
ƴʯŵʱ򣬵ͻȻͿʼ·ǧɱ̤ص𶯣ǽźʯſʼĴ򿪡
ʯͬʱ򿪣𶯵ĵ֮⣬ͬʱҲ˳ϵʯŴ򿪵һ˲ƺǿʷŻ
䶨һɲǣ͸ȥûгʲôأҲû塣ֻǳѾõŻڼ˵ǰ򿪡
һȫ𺳣û뵽ôˡȻʹã겻ѣ̾칤ɡ
𾪹ʣµļ˶ǰƺǱľסˡ
ʱ쿴棬Ϳ澹Ȼˣ
ˣ
ĳˣôˣԡЩȻӣЩ˿϶ˡ
ҪȻҲվȻˣ˿Լ꣬ǽʬ
Щ˶ŹŴķװվڹ·ߣűЩѾ˵ˣӦʬȻվô꣬Ͳ˵ˣҿЩɫǸһģ
Щˣˣûκζ
첻˹ŴЩԣ˵ʬձųࡣЩͳһװÿжЩѾ⡣еѾʱĴݲг˷
ȻԱߵ˵壬ôôɫ󣬺ǻһ㡣
Ƶͷ˵Ҳ̫ǲЩˣȻѾˣǾͽȥ
ͷʱĽȥĴǵǰ棬һС汾ȻηȻ
߽֮͸оߵĻƺ˫۾Լһ㣬ġ
ֵ磬ֵһԱߵĻǰɫġ˿ûɫʣľǸʬ
ǸʬҪǲϸĻͿ˵ǲˡ
ȥطһо࣬ȻӽĹңĹɢ
Щ첢ȥ⣬طһǺġ
֮ȻǴͷáƺǲһǰ档
һһĻǰƹЩǵǰ档ȻĄ̊́ף»ʲôأƵĵʱʱͻȻ͵ֿʼ찵ͷһͿʯѾĹرϡ
ǰҲͣ˽Ų濴ȥ漴ҡҡͷȻˣŹرǾֻнȥ˵лء
ʱǰż˺Ҫͣ£ǰ˾ǰߡһʱٿ⵽ûлء
˸ǰȥܿ˴档ҵĸ߶ȣ൱С¥ӵϿȥͿѹѹһƬʵйʹĸоȻͬڹʹĸоؿµĸоֻһоѹ֡
ЩǰѾǵǰ棬ǵŲûйرգһֿ״̬ԣͿԿһ˿Ȼ̫ȻԿĴӡ
һǽǶƵĶⲻҪΪ΢ֵ濴һЩ澹Ȼˡ
ԣ͸ȺʬһվڴԣǰݡȻģ³͢е󳼡
Ϊֵԭ򣬲ûпǲҲˣҪ˵ʬĻʬܾܿǴˡ
û뵽һͳ£ȻڵģĶǽгеĴ󳼡
ѵĽеĴ󳼣ȫɱȻʬŪﲼóôȻǲܣЩʬܾܿһЩĴˡ
һ֮󣬶˵ǽȥطе㲻ԾǧҪҶЩ˵Ķʬ塣
˵֮󣬾ʹӱóһϸһȻǿ֡ʲô
ž˵ϣֳ˷ֹһЩϸ֮⣬áñǣס˺
һ㶣־ȻԻס˺ʲôӹһһͷ澹ȻȫһЩҵķġƾȻĶû뵽ġ
Ͽִ֮ӱó㣬Ȼż˵ǻʵۣ˳ôǾͰһݣҲǾҪȻʲôʬǣǲá


201 
ƻһ֣ȻһҵĹأЩڿܾµĹˣϰߡǽĹʵĹֻҪȱĹңӦðһҲǾ
ԴʯԶֺ£֮˾˵Ͼ΢͵ĹǱ棬ܵǽҲǺܸߣҲҵĸ߶ȡ
ܿͷ֣ܵǽһЩһ𣬾γһϣⲻֹ˳ȥȴӻ˳ȥٶȡѵ˵滹ʲôβɣ
û̫࣬ƾվԼϥ˵ˡˣʲôͨˣȥúõһ浽ʲô
ͬʱһüͷƵת̬е졣ǰһϽӣֱӽдʶ˳ǲ֪ǲǹ㡣
˲ûʲôȷʵҲýȥˣʱת˵죬㲻Ҫȡʲôô˺һʬǡǵĻҵ֮һ¡
쿴˵϶Ĺ֮УǺ
Ŷе㲻̫˼ǣ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ǿ϶û㲻ûǸĹһͷ
ҡҡͷ˵ⲻܣ˼治ܻĹңΪҪڵĻһЩɳͲܡ᲻˹ײġ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ˵Ĺ滹ĹңָǣĹҵ棬ҲǸ򡣵෴λúܻܿһĹҡڽĹңôǱǸĹҾһٵģǸ塣֮ط
ʱüͷһۿ˵Ҳ˵˵Ǻ޸ݣУġôӦ˵ģΪû˿Խôһûʵĵ¹αĹ
ͷ˵ڻǽȥɣ֪ˣҲϣǽľġ
Գɿһ죬ȻеС뷨нסˣû˵
Ƶͷ˵ԣӦȽȥ߰ɡڵʱԱȽӶ󣡡
˵ȻһȣȾ̤С
ƽȥ֮ļҲƵ̽ȥһ͸оһ˿ͬʵǴ󣬸߸ߵݶȫǼӴ汾֪ĲôƵģĲȫ˿ȥñĺü
վط͸оԼƺǳСʱֵελãϣСȻεĴڡ
ˣ滹һˣۼƲͷڣһӡ
һôܣ
ôǳĲ档
ٲȻ˴ĳһ㣬͸оԼһطǳСĳ濴мĴ
Ȼ˵ʲô飬ǿȷǵ棬ڳָо϶Ƿǳĳ졣ؾ֮ĸо϶С
ãȻӾ˴֮ϣһɷ衣
𾪹𾪣һֲõԤУطĸʬ᲻
뷨һ亹ֱҪЩʬ˵Ļһôĸʬϰپ߰ɣ˾ٴıҲһǿ϶ġ
˷£Ȼе֡Գʱһļ
͵һ£ԳԼɵе龪
ôˡʲôط𣿡Գɿ˵Գɵ֪ͨˣҪʲô쳣ķӦԳɿǶС
ûûУֻе𾪶ѡ첢û˵Լе뷨Ҫ˵ʲô㡣
ƿһ˵ߣȥȻδڣҲǡ˻ץβţȻڵҲҪ档ǣ
֪Ҫʲôִ᲻⽨մȨһ֮Ȩġ
˼ߣȻ󣬵ҲôֻǸܴ󣬵ǳҲʮס߻һﳼӣռλãֻмһ
ڣʲôôأֻſڵλǼ˿û˸Ĺұˡ
ڴߣҲ˳ۿȥĸʬҲһȫķɫȻǰֹ󣬵ǱϾˣһ˿סǰɫġ
ף
ƺǷʲôȵ


202 
Ͷڳ֮ϣòǳãѾǴʬ
˿壬е㲻ͬʬе㲻ͬʬԱʬʬҪõĶࡣ
ʬǹһ㣬ǻǲСʬ˵áҪǿĻǿһһ
ǱϾһˣ˵˾Ǹʬһߡûа취˺ˣеضѡ
ˣȻԵģƺǷһߡ
˳ƵĿ⿴ȥͿƺݺݵĶŴһλ쵹ǲ֪ǿʲôΪ쿴ıУ˿ûʲô쳣
ʬ΢΢ſֻһССķ϶һĻƺҪڽһϸһƺǺһ㶫
쿴еĶƺһ״Ķ쵹֪лẬһЩһͭǮһġеǸӣѵַӲɣ
ǰʷϼأ⵱ڻ俪Ĺҵʱ򣬵ڴʬĿоͷһӾǷӡҸʷϼأʬ壬ΪŷӣʬɫˣһʿԴʬҪ֮ϵĻʺӵôζͿԿӵ֮
һЩʿ̰½ʬеó֮󣬴ʬһ¾͸òΪһ߸ʬ
ǰĴܾܿǿкһӵʬ壬ĸʬ㲻ÿжһŷӡ
һѾ޼۵ˣаپ߸ʬҪǶյһһӾ͹˻һõġ
ͳ׵𺳵켸ˣϾЩִֵǮģڹŴ޼һĺŶòֻЩ׹ݲȨвŪЩӡ
һ¾ͲֳôӣɼݻޱȡʵۣĹңƸԳĹ˵ǵһΡ
ʱӾͶſǲûжϾҪѳסҪȻһʲô״ĻͲʲôˡ
ԱߵԳȻҲһ㣬ԲûжϾЩ˴˶˲٣ĹбҲ˲١һüͷȻеԾ
ƶż˵ҪҶƺһӣǲҪҶҪ֪ʬܻܿᰵػأҪȻҪһضûеĻǾе˵ȥˡ
˵ĻԣŲҪҶҪȻ˶һ
˲û˵ʲôЦһ˵ڴҲˣ߸ʬһӣһ˵ӦþǷӡֵҲ˵ˣ϶޼۵ģ̫ĸʬˣҲЩʬҲӣڲãΪһʬͻܿıĸʬ
Ŀ˼һۣȻ˵ֻǼ򵥵ģһʬлأҪʬѸٵĸȥĻ϶ᴥĳЩأʱ򣬴ҾΣˡ
ˣ˵ڻûпʲôʵʵĶǷǳϣõһӣҪǵõ֮Ժʵˡ
˵Ҳе϶ôļ򵥣û˻Ὣһʽӷǰװ׵ȥ
ƿ˶ûл˵ֵ壬Գֵ翪ʼʲôӢһעơĲ͵⣬쵹ǲںҪںԼϾڵĵطﲻϾڵĵطֻҪҵԼϾʬǵĵطͻ·ȥǮھǸƣҪġ
֪ԼϾоҪһط治ԼϾ˵ĵطǾǰˡ
ҲԣܾܿĹҸսǸĹһˣǱ߻Żء
ƿһ˵Ը㷢ʲôûУ
Գҡҡͷ˵ûУӦǰȫġ
Ƶͷ˵Ǻãȿĸʬûӣ
ʱƾԼһ˴ӱóһӣһ״ĶĽ˿
˿֮󣬾ͿһɫӣҲһСôСǺܴ󣬵ҲС
֮󣬾ȥЩǲӡ
ԳɸһҲóһӣȻЩʬܱյ˿֮©һȴеССӡ
Ǵһֲʬ忴Ҫ˵ʬ屣ҪõĶࡣ
Գɶ濴ż˵˵ҲӣǱǸҪСĶ࣡
Ƶͷ˵ǾͶˣȲҪżӣȥʲôʬȻӦþúС档
˵ͷȻȻƴͷȽúһС棬ʵеһС汾ġ
Լߵ֮󣬾ͷȫһЩӡССӺܶ࣬ʮ
ʱ򣬼˵۾Ϳʼˣ϶ʼ鴤ЩӺȻһЩĳװ䡣
쿴һ֮󣬾סˣǰƽɽʱ쿴һѵıһСôڿЩȻе𺳣Ȼס̬
ļҲһһ֮󣬽žƽϾ޶˶Ǵ˵Ĺģı֪١
ٶ࣬ߵҲ࣬ȫǱĶҲò߶١
ƶż˵ͷ˵ЩӣܾܿǱˣЩľͷѾסʷĥˡҾͽЩӴ򿪣Ⱥһ
ͬʱͷʲôǴͷЩ浽ʲô쵹ǲ֪ЩװıϾʲô
ĿӡȻһ£ЩѾⸯá΢һ£ⸯõӾ͵˵ϡ
ĽӴ򿪣˾Ϳͷһ⣬˵
һ򿪣澹Ȼȫǽש
һӵĽש⣡
ƺֽļ̴򿪣Ȼǽȫǽש
ֵĹЩש⣬̵ļ۾е㻨ˡ
һʮӣȫǽשΪƽӴ򿪣ЩľͷΪѾõԭĽשɢڵϡ

ȫǽשɢײ
췢ģⱲӼשʱǰƽɽʱҲûмôĽשһӾͼôࡣ
ҲˣȻû뵽ȫǽש
Ӣ㶵˵һ䣺·ˣЩשóȥҪЩŶҪõĶ࣡
һשһ̾Ϣһ˵ǲŪˣЩשȻã̫ò߶١
һ룬˵Ķԣשãò߶ٰҪ϶ǷˣĹ棬Ҳò߶٣


203 ȡ
ںС淢һĽשڼ˵ΣȫһЩשĻϾʹ߲˶٣û뵽ĹҵвôĽש
˵һĻʵĹҵٵһЩߣ鱦һࡣǼ˽еӶ֮ҲûзЩеȫǽש
ƿЩשҡͷ̾ϢջıЩשЩҲǲСĲƸ
˵֮ƾͽɢڵϵĽשײڱСһשķҪǷ϶һõļǮǱЩ鱦˵ǲ㡣ЩשΪڹŴԭ򣬺ǺܸߣҲ൱Ҳ߳ɽ
룬Ҫһѵ鱦Ļһ˱һҲԴȥשһװòˣϾ̫󣬶Լ˵׸档
һҪһЩ״ЩשֻܳΪ׸
ƷԼשҲשԼУҲһשͷ棬ʱ͸оԼ˲٣Ͼ
һ֮ͬʱƮһ뷨ҪҪ棬ܿЩשȫߣǾǷƣϧֻôһ顣
Щש·ȻȽϿûж˿𣬶ЩשҪеյģϾЩש涼ֺš
ͿЩשıֵ̻ţһЩ߰ķţ쵹֪Щžڤģ첢֪Щʲô˼үȴ֪ڵǲô࣬ܵñǡ
һװש֮ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ˵߰ɣȥŪЩȥЩӿǱЩשֵǮĶˡ
˿ƵͷʱԳ˵֪᲻ʲôصңҲţȫǽש
һüͷ˵ЩͲ֪ˡ˳㿴һҪеĻǾңνЩ߾ˣľҵҲŪ˶٣͸ѽשһֻܿ
ƵĻ˵ͦеģЩӶ㵽һ˷һ㣬ȥ˾ֵٵǮҵĶҵˣҲϺܶļǮ
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˶Ĺпһ˳ȴôΣյģ¹
֮߳ûʲô仯Ȼûб仯Ϊ˶϶ûб仯
֮⳯Ͼе㲻Ծˣô࣬ҡҡͷһҪʲô
֮߳󣬽žͶż˵ʬȲҪȽЩеŪٽеŪ֮Ǿͳˡ
˵֮ͿһĿⶨϣεʼ磬ȻûҵԼϾ˵ʬǶԵΡ
ԼϾ˵ʬǣûƵ˵ĿѾﵽˣĿĻԶҲûа취顣ϾΣʱ֣ܳ˲ɵ콫ЩĹеĶȫҵ֮ٳȥ
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ԱЩǽ͵ƣ˳ӿڴóһЩȻôһȼȻȼ
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ʱҲ˲ô࣬ߵ棬һӽһԱӴȡ˳
ͣ
һ̾Ʈ߸ʬΪûӣ˲˰׻ң


204 ͻ
Ӱ˿еȡʱԭվŵĸʬ˲ͻ˰ɫķĩ͸һѰ׻һһͷûУȻʱ̫ãټĴ֮󣬵¹ͷ˴Եķĩ
˿ʬɷĩû˿⣬Ȼڼ˵ⷶΧ֮ڡ
ƿֻ֮ȻӼСӣǰִۣӱóһСϴӣСӷϴС
ʣ¼˿ƽӳɹȡ֮ûзʲô׷״ӱСӶЩվŵĸʬѹΡ
Сӱȡ֮Ȼʬ˲˷ĩ·ȻڣЩ·޲Ķ̯˵ϣЩ׻Ҹס
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˵֮󣬾ʹӱóһӣӸ졣
ӹ֮󣬿ЩʬһĹѾʮ߸ʬѾ˷ĩҪٲȡӵĻһûˡ
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΢΢һͽʬ;ˣſһССķ϶Ϳʬ΢΢ڣͷһССӡ
ӾһСһȷʵ߸ʬѹͷ档
ˣʱͷ϶Ѿһ˿ˮʬ׵ӶԼоһ㷢ЩǸʬҲ赲סжʬĿ־С
ǳӢһһһһǳҲ֪ǲǰѧõġųӢĶĽһſ֮ڽǰʬеӸȡ˳
СԼ͸¶˼ԼһСĶһ£ӷ档
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Ϊ⣬Ȼ˵ЩʬĿжзӣЩʬ޲Ķûиã沿ĺܺá
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ͣԼӵڲͣĶ߸ʬȷʵĸʬе㲻ͬ߸ʬ沿ȽϺ֮⣬лһЩճͺҺһ㡣쵹֪ĸʬ϶ΪĳֵʬĿеµԭ򣬵ΪʬĿкһӣʬ岢ûиá
׽ʬеӣԼôУƺһǻĹһߣûеɤ档
ҲΪʬճӿʼԭɡ
˲ϵȡӣӢŪǾ߸ʬͶЦ˵죬ôŪһأǶ깤ˡ
ҡҡͷ˵Щʬճôճﰡ
Ӣҡҡͷ˵ûаʬôճأǲǳʪ壿
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ʱӻʬĿУʱеӸոպýǿСӸеˡ
оӼе֮󣬾ͿʼãĴ߸ʬĿ˳
ʱ쵹סˣΪӸȫͬӾһźɫӡʱ˲һõ뷨ǰĸʬǸʬǽʬ
뷨Դһţ뷨һ¾챳ǰĸʬûʲôҲûʲô仯ȻǸơ
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Щվŵĸʬ棬мŪ֮ûбɰ׻ҵġ˿죬˲亹þ׵Ĺ졣


205 ʮ߽ʬ
Ļʹ̼˼ˣǰͷЩɫӱȡ֮ЩʬûлɷĩⲢûиеô֣ϾһҪЩʬɷĩУֻҪӸȡǱĿĴﵽˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ɫʬ飬⣬һ¾ͽ˸סˣȫסˡ
㣬˵Щʬ飿е㲻ţЩĹôһûмʬ⡣
캰һ䣺㣬ܡҲͣⶫǶԸˣôĽʬ
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һµ𶯿ǷͬСɣЩʬнʮߣһ˴鷳ˡ
ȥ͸оһϢﲻѣ͸о˿ʪǵµǲûиоرһϢֱӴıϮıһ亹
һȥļ˷Ӧ֮Ҳ˳ѾǳŽգҪǳȥıҪ¸ߴ׵ĳǽҪ档
֮ܳ󣬾ͿЩվŵĻҲʼҡΣƺǸоȾЩվŵĻҲʼʬ䡣Ҫɽʬ
һһһӣҪЩĽʬƵһȺʬʱ򣬼˵ѪͲЩʬġ
һ֮󣬶ЩſڵĻȻƵһǽǰ棬ϵıѸٵȡǰǸٵһڹŴõǰһֽ˿ŪɵצӿԹסǽǡ
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ȥĻһȴﵽ׵ӣǽĸ߶ȣˤȥ϶
ڼʱһ߽ʬѾߵ˼˵Ľ£ǽˣ͵һ


206 
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֮󣬻ûվȣЩʬҡҡλε˵λǿµǣǰĽʬվǽ֮͵ؾһ׶ߡ
һ˲üվǽ棬亹ֱ
Ȼһ£߽ʬûǸɿݵֱץסˣ𾪵ĻǱð亹ҪһӱЩʬס˽ӣǵøקȥɡ

ӢȱЩŵĽЩʬʵ̫ˡ
һ⽩ʬһ׶ߣӸֱ۵ĳȣͲһͿ켸˵Ľˡ
߽ʬһûץס֮󣬳ָ׿ǽ棬һĻۡ
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ŸΣյ¾ͷˣץסӵĽʬһ˲Ҫȥ

͵ؾͿƣƵ˫ץסǽڣûˤȥǽ档
һȺʬƴ󼱶캰죬ҡ죡
ټǿҲųƾ˲ͱˡҪʱ⽩ʬһץסƵ˫ȣƿ϶ֻһ³
ʱͷ亹ȻŻˣ岻ϵķ
Ľʬ֮һ¶׵Ҫȥʱ˲ץסƵ˫֣һƵ˲ͱ̧ࡣ
ڵµĽʬ˲һѾץסƵ˫š

֪Ǻ»ǱʬץŽʹƲҽһ
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ʱԱߵ˺æ
ԳɸӢ໥һۣȻԳɵͷֵݸӢץסƵһֻ֡
ʱ򣬾͸оԼ˫ֶ챻ƸקˣĲСԳһ֣ץסƵһֺֻ˲͸оԼࡣ
ĽʬץƵ˫ţͲſ͵ؾ͵˫ţ˫ڰص˦ͼץԼ˫ŵĽʬˤȥ⽩ʬƺ˫Ȳͣ˦ԽץԽ쿴һ˿ѪѾƵĿ˳

ڵƺǽв֮£ǰʵˣ˷һʱԳɶ˵죬УҪôţƲȲǻ۵
Գɵ˼ѾˣǣڸϽְɣקҪȥƲȲԼҲҪۣҪһĽʬҲקסƵĻ˷ǵıקȥɡ
Ҫ֡ңҡֻҪҾҰҵõĶȫǣʲôҪˣ죬ȥƷ˦˫ȣѪҺԽԽ࣬ЩĽʬѪҺ̼ˣзƹֻץסĽʬǷҪ˳Ƶ
üͷһ壬͵ؾҧ⣬һҺֱȥֱ߽ʬ沿
ʬҽһץƵ˫˲ɿˣһСֱӻԹȥ
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Գɸ˶٣麹亹
ƺǸоԼǽϼ壬ʱ˹л죬лл
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첢û˵ǴԼıóһɴȡһŻƷûŴףǻƷȼ֮γɵĻҽҲʬȻǱʬˡڻأֻҪʱͿԽʬȥ
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˵֮ԳɾͶԳӢʹһ񣬳ӢͷԳɵĺ档ͷһ죺Сӣڿɲ˵ʱ⽩ʬҲˣһͻ˳ǽҪٲߵĻ͵ιʬɣ
˲ͱˣġûԣǲˣƺôǼʮѣȻ˵ҲԵԼģ
ŭۿԳɸӢˣԳ˿ûʲôо·¸Լûйϵһ˵Сӣûа취ģҲʲôʱˡȻн飬ĹҵУҪ㲻ߵĻȺʬúɡѾˣһϣǵĹиĹأǱĹ֮иҪˣͲùҪֻܹԼã
Գ˵֮ЦתҪߡʱӢҲԳɵԭɷ׵ɫҲָ˺Σ죬ϣܻųȥ
ˣĶŭʱԵҲ˹ԱߵΪԼֹѪ΢΢Ц˵죬߰ɣǲˣȲ˾ֱҵ̣߰ɡڲ㣡
ʱƵͺſǽ棬ƵȲֲűƷȼ֮ûƷҽƵ˿ڴ

ٴβҽһ
ҡҡһ£治ԾĽʬ˵ǺǣȻҰҾܽȳȥ
˵֮󣬾ͽƲǽ汾ͲҪһСľͻȥǽƴקһߵķ档


207 ŵ
һƾˣҪ죬ڿ϶ѾĽʬʬˣȻǽƸˣɺ޵ԳһԶûУȻȡǸȻ˵ȻĿƱȺʬʬ
ԳɸӢͷҲصˣҲ֪ȥˣ˲֮оûˣ찵룬ӦŶԡΪʲôһδεӹΣա
ѵĽƲһԵķ棬ʱ۾ҡҡͷ˵죬лл㣬㻹߰ɣϽ׷ԳɣȥҪȻ
ڵɫе԰ף˵еϾҵʹʮͷ亹
ҡͷ˵ȻҾͲ᲻㣬ƲǺֻǱʬץϵ⣬ʬڣֻҪֹסѪʬͻûʲôµġ
ҡҡͷмĿ˵лл㣬졣Ҫ֪طֻҪˣǾ͵æ㻹ǸϽ߰ɣ
˵֮󣬴ϵıȡһſƬһӣǰЩʬŪģſһп
Ʋ˫ֽݸ죺죬ҵвƲһǧĴЩӣ߰ɡɣ߲ˣҽĹҶһ֮Ҳ֪˶١ҴǮƶˣʣµһֵĶ棬ֻһЩ϶ǸɾģҲһ£ⱲǻˣҲ˭ֻܹңǺǡ
ƿЦ䶼еȻֻҪǶϣûˣ˲ǲϵͷһ㣬ھһͷ;ƿһ
ҲˣĹУҲĿˣһΪ𺦵һϲ˳ҲǱӦȢӣȢˣҲǺǡӦ
콫еĶù˿˵УҲôûǸԳǾȶˡ
˵֮󣬾ͽⶫƵİУȻ˵ЩģȻʧͳȥ֮󣬽Щ׳ȥֲ°ɡ˵ˣа취㣡
ƶʱ֮оͷų˹ʣȻ˵ܾҳȥ
ͷ½ԼıȡȻ˵һ㣬ۡ
Ƶͷѵ˵лл
Ӱаذȡ˳Ȼȼ׼򣬽ذ濾һ¡
ƵĿ˺¶ѪģĴȣͿֻϣֱۣЩ۾ǸղǽʬץŵĵطѾ˺ɫΪǰһ£ʬûôĽƵ嵱С
óЩط˲׼˳ĶȻǼƽɽʱ׼Ķǳġ
ذ׿һ£֮ȡһŻƷȼΪ˻ҽ֮ĨذѪС
˵ŵ㣬һᴦˣϱӦûࡣ
Ƶͷ죬֮ȫǸм֮顣
Ѿ׼콫ذ״ƵϵЩѪӣȻĽѪ˳
ţ
գƻ۵ĽϾõⰡ϶ˣ
ͷ亹һ֮ڽϴˡϰ֮һ˿Ѫ˿¶˳
Ѿû£ϾΪʬĶɥʧˡ
ʱƣ亹۵ŵֱС
ø첲һ¶ͷĺˮ˵ˣϢһ£ѪѾֹסˡʬҲˣȵǾߣ
Ƶͷݶ棬˵죬Ҳ֪˵ʲôãҪ֪Ҷ㲢ûʲôôҪ֪Σأһ׸
ҡҡͷ˵û£ҾʵĿĵģҪҵϾ˵ʬǣʱԼ϶ӦԳȻǲܵġ
̾Ϣһ˵Ǻǣҵȵã¶ˣѾû뷨ˣܳȥܰ㣬ǵȻٺòǷһ
˵ڻҪô˵㿴ЩʬѾʼ޺ˣҲ֪ʲôʱȥ֮һҪ£ֲ£
˳ֵĹâȥȻЩʬȻʼ޺һѹһ׼ЩʬϾûǡֻҺģȴǲϵţڿǱʮ߶˲١
ƲЦһҳŵȥ֮󣬿϶£˲ˣȥͽɢԼȥ
û뵽ƾȻ˵Ļ


208 ʬ׷ɱ
ƾȻŵ˵Լȥ֮󣬾ͽԼİɢе첻ţҪ֪ڵİ᲻˵ɢͽɢģĹϵһһ㣬˵ϴ㲻ˣСҲ˵ˣǾ仰ô˵ڽɼ
ЩֻЦЦƿıҡҡͷ˵Сǲǲ˵ĻǺǣԼţȥ֮ҾͰҵļҲƶ׳ȥһϵǮˣҸԺȹԼһ͵ˡǰֻҪܽɢĻҿ϶ὫɢϾⲻʲôʵġȻҽİֻǿӣȺСܻ¡ⶼѹ
̾ϢһȻ˵ˣҲˣ
ôƾǲɢҲûжĹϵֻǲĿƲ棬ҾԼĻҪѰԼϾ˵ʬǡ
룬ԼϾ˵ʬǾĹһߣһĹֻҪĹǹͨĹѨ֮ͨȻĹǱ߾Ĺҡ
ҼĹңǹһĹҺܾܿĹĹңҲĹҡĹֻģĹҲġ
켸ھĹ֮УϾ˺ܾܿļĹ档ɷһǷǳ֣ҪȻϾҲܻԼɷס
ЩĽʬȻʼ޺һһŶԷıԾܿһվǽ棬һץסֻʬ˫šǽֻʬק˻ȥ
쿴ЩаԾϣһЩʬӦöʱ鷳ˡ
ڵϵ˵壬ڣһûСڸˣҪȻһ⽩ʬĻǶ군
һüͷ̧˿ѪͲˣ⽩ʬֻǽƵСץһС⣬û˵ĽǣپĴѾûʲôˡ
վ֮΢΢һüͷ˵Уߣ
쿴һۣЩʬһһԾܿһֻɹЩʬĶжӲޱȣ͵ȵĽʬҪʬɷĻ컹Գɿ϶һܲ
ʬɷٶȣ൱Ŀ죬ֽݣƽɽʬĶ
˿ЩʬãЩʬѾһֻһ϶ԽԽ࣬ǸϽߣ
˳ŵƹ⿴ȥȻЩʬѾʼˣеץǽģֻҪһֻⶫҵ˷Ŀ϶Ч¡
ֻѾվǽϵĽʬ￴һ£ҡ
ʱˣʹŲ壬ƿʼߡ˿ʼЩƬСţЩƬʱѾܾˣǻιֻ̣ҪһСģҪǵȥˤҲι˽ʬ
ΪˣȽȻߵǽ棬ȴﵽ׸߶ȵλãüͷ
ʱƽԼıȡһӣȻ˵ӣӹ̶ǾͿ˳ȥ
ƿеȻ˵㣬ѾûʱˣϽҸطϣһڸͣ
һ㶣漴ȥȻ½½ѾֻʬѾǽ߹ȻٶǾ벢ǺԶһҲ
ͽӹеӣŵµƬ⿪棬һʱдϲϾЩ߷ҵ㡣
ѸٵĽӰ˺棬˵ȥȥ赲һЩʬ
ûеȵ˵óһŻƷУЩʬ˹ȥ
ҡҡͷһץסӣȻüͷϴľʹȥ
óһŻƷЩʬûеϷǽӵĽӴŻƷʱļʬٶȡ
Ū֮󣬽ʬѾǽǰˣʱ쿴Щʬ沿ΪѾʬԭȫǸ⣬еѾ¶ɭ׵ݸ
ҪŻµĳ嶯һЩŹ۵ĽʬѸٵƵλ˹ȥ
ʱѾ˳ӿҪµײˡ㹻ֱӵ˵ײ
˫ץסӣ˫̤ǽڣȥȥһɲǣһƿյ
ˣ
ЩʬѾŵŻƷѾŪˡѸٵľȥʱѾ˵ײͷ졣
ͻȻ͸оԼͷһճĶһֻһĨһӸζ̼񾭣̧ͷһͿһֻʬѾվͷƬϣֱۡȻǶ˵е㲻
찵һѸٵȥֻʬӸϣʱԼڰһȥˤ
ٶԽԽ죬ԵĸоӵĲʱֻĽʬѾʼ¿ˣȻҧץŵӣ
üͷһ壬亹ٶһֱӿ죬ԽǽžԽǿ첻ˡ
ף
ܿ͵ľ룬ʱӶˡҽһˤ˵ϡ

ʹĽһûˤôץŵӻС
Ѹٵߣʹվ͸оԼĹǼܸˤһ㣬Լվ˵û¡ԴΪղˤĹвһ£ԴѪ
ԴѸٵóԴסû°ɣСֵܣ
ͷ˵û£ԴеκġϽߣ
Ѿģ⽩ʬӶҧˣҪһٴǻ˵á˿϶Ҫʬҳġ
컹ûн˵ԼһƺԼĽ¶һ
ͷһѾģ
Ȼ⽩ʬˤ˵ϣ˿⽩ʬˤڵϾȻ֪ڲϵĶƺʱ
Ѹٵļڵϵֵ磬קƾԱܣ
պþǸ׵ĻǺӣʱȥֻ˳ŻǺܡĽʬûһվҡҡλε׷
찵ҧҲУҪЩһ׷˿ɾ鷳ˡѾصȻǽӶĽʬ
⻤ǺӾҲתȦܲȥ⻤ǺӸ߶ֻף߶һװ˶࣬쿪־קסߣΪձˤһ£첢ûаȥ
Ѿûа취ˣҧһץס߾ȥ;Ϊȥ
ָ֮ƣƿ֮󣬸һһץסӼİæ˶ˣ֮ûһͿʬҲ׷˹


209 صĹ
ѾĽʬҲ̫ţˣôô׷˹Ҵ׸߶ˤȻһ¶ûȻ׷ƣǰǾǳԾ
˸ûһᣬ⽩ʬ׷˹ѸٵóһŻƷ˳⽩ʬľһûжʬϣûүǵ㹦үҪǸⶫи׵ľƷһһ׼һͲˣŻƷ˳ȥǵ˰·Ͼ͸ҶһƮȥ
찵ŭȻ˵ߣϽߣ
ƴϢһվקžĹȥĹǰʱǸĹ
һܣһߴŴ˵ѾģˣµĹһôǱ죬ղǲΪʲôӻҪקǲھ͸㣡
ƣһڴ˵ǵĹģһ϶ӣĹǷǳҪģһ㶼ϣǸӣǿԾãû뵽Щʬץӡ
ţȲҪ˵ˣǰǳڣҲ˲ôˣ߰ɡԼȥϾ˵ʬȥ˵ǻӣֲԳɻԳǿɺޣղǽϵʱ򣬸ͲóҪȻֱȥˡ
ϣ˵ĻΪѾЩʬѾŰˡ
˵Ĳٴμӿ죬ģǷһ֧ΪЩʬֻҪͣˡЩʬֱ˷ʬ
Ҳˣ죬ſҰɣԼܰɣܲסΪˣܣȻеԲҶͷȫǺˮ֪Щ亹
ְǰǽĵطˣټһ£ͳȥɡԼѰϾ˵ʬǡ߷ߵĶƺ
Ʋ˼ǰȥĽʬѾ˰ˣҾ켸˵ԶĵطΪȲˣƣ˵ٶȲǺܿ졣
˵Щʬٶȿ࣬Щʬ׵ĸ߶˵ûʲô˵ǣ϶Ҳٶࡣ
ѾʼأڲϵŻоһӵϢӱϮ
ܿҵһϤĸоѾԼʱЩϤĵطǽ˲ŭˡ
Ϊ쿴ǰĳڵĵطѾԳɸӢߡҽЩĹҷשȥһ·ȻҪ
ʱҲ̲סһģ
Գɣӳȥˣ϶ùƷߺ޵ĺ
ͷһǸûʵĹЩѾȫӰֵĹ濴ֻʬѾĥ׷
΢һ£˵Գɲǻ·ֻԼıˡȥǱߣطܾܿϾʬǵĵطҲֻˡ
ҡҡͷ˵ⶼ㣬˵еˣԳɾȻôģҳȥ֮϶ù·һеĹأǰȵǰˣھȻǵĻ·ˣҳȥ֮һҪ
һ£йһĽʬڲϵ׷ϣܹЩʬŲĦǽڵ
ߣߣ
קƣ˵קʵϾǷţŵơ
һһȳģ˿ʼĹͷȥĽʬȻǸٶȣ˿Ȼ׷ˣҲ˿Ź·ǰ·һ㣬ֻҪ׷ܽ˸׷ϣȻ˵ѪɣԵ
ǿѪζǽʬĶʬԶѪҺȤƵȲϵɢѪζһأЩǽʬ׷˵ĶҪ˶õģûѪζʬĻ˵Ѿʬ׷ˡ
ǸһǱûĴǰʬҲһЩʬʵ̫ˣûĶԸЩʬ
ѸٵǰȥֿһϵıʱѾȥʮСʱҲ˵켸ѾʮСʱˣ϶ʱ䡣ЩѾʮСʱûгԶˣôõıĶͶĲˣ˸ûʱԶ
Ĺһֱͨĵµ·һ㡣ʮӣûܵͷĽʬڲϵ׷ϣҲһš
ͻȻǰһǽڣ˵֪ǸǻĹͷˡ


210 ӹһ
ѾǰһǽڣֵĹâǽ淴۵ĹһֱǽڵıһĹңΪԼϾ˵ʬ档
˹ֵһ±Ѿʬˣ֪ʬһͻʱ군ˡ
ڱҪץʱҵصڣҪȻֻܸƴһˣϾǲգŬ֮Ż֪
һͣ˲͸оƣǽŵĻڲϵĴߴץʱ䣬ҪȻ
ҲʼһѰһأطǽڶƽģƺһصģûСȫһǽһ
ǽô򣬵˿ûнչǽھʵĵһȻשͷģǽûʲô϶Ҳûʲôĵĵط
ৣ
ͻȻһĦƺЩʬѾ׷˹
ֵһ䣬ȻЩʬôһСĹ£Ѿ˾뼸ʮ׿ĵطˡ
ǴʧɫҪ֪ʮ˵ǽʬŲһҪʱĻʮ׵ľֻҪһӵʱ䡣
Ǿʱƺÿһ㣬͸оһǽǵĵطȻǿյģϲ޾֮·طһҲģҪڼ֮жǽһͷֲǽǵĻء
ѸٵĽǽϵǿשͷ˳ʱͳһӡ
һ㶸ͲⶫܲãֻӿأѾ൱ĸˣ͵һקѾӾȻˣ
ѾģӾȻˣһ¾ͽӸŪˡ
Աߵһʱʹ󼱣ƵһߣȻʼקסӵһͷ͵ؾһקһǸӵͷͷŪˡ
߷ߵĽеڵϣŭ䡣˿ûзӦ
ƼЩӶϵĵطͼʱЩʬѾߵǰˣôһµĹЩʬ˲ԶĵطҲʮ׵ľ롣
üͷ亹ˣҪⶫ˸ûа취ٽˡ
ֻʱƹЦ
͸оͻȻ֮澹ȻʼζʯǽȻʼƶ
ϲѾǳˡ
ҲһǾʱЩʬƺǸоҪܣ˲ٶȡ͵ؾ׷˹
ʮףףס
ЩʬԽԽǱʯƶٶʵ̫ˡ
ף
⣡
ʯžȻͣסˣֻһ߶ԼΪʮֵСڡ
һ㶣Ȼ˵죬ȥ
˵֮󣬾Ҫȥʱʯź¡һȻʼ
˴󼱣ʱҪǲȥĻҪˡ
˲ſڵϣһ˳Ĺ˽ȥ
ƲûнΪ˿ڣǺ͵һͣʱʯȻ¡
ۿҪƵ˫ȸˣ͵һקȻקѾľȻʱĽʬٴνƵ˫Ÿץסˡ
ǧһ֮ʣ͵һǽƵ˹
ʱǽʬקƵ˫Ҳ˰ӡʯ˲һѪð˳⽩ʬͱضϳ롣
֮⽩ʬҲһ𿴸ضϳϣȻû˫ֻץƵ˫ȡ
ٴεĳʹĽһ
˲վӣӱóƷһ¾߽ʬԴ档
һŻƷѾضϳϵĽʬסˣ˫ֻڽץƵ˫ȡ
Ƹһһֻʬ֣˰ľŪˡ
̱ڵϴŴһ»ǰȫˣʱһֽٺĸо
ؽʬҪǸһΪʬһŻƷסⶫڻãǽ߽ʬסˡ
˿ʯţֵڵɢţŴһƲûˣֻǱʬץסЬĵط˫ֵָײûд̽ȥûˡ
ƶ˵ֵܣ־һǷˣԺʲôҪ˵ĵط͸˵һ죡
˵Ǻǣ飬ҾͼˣԺһҪġ

ƹЦҲһ
Ц֮ͻȻ˵ҪɣԵĺܣҵӰɣҲռռ⣬أңҲӦҵǧۣû˼̳СҪ˵ˣе᲻ã͸ֲҪôţϣҰѼҲƸ㣡㿴ô
һ㶣Ҫ˸ôƷǱŷҪԼļҲƸԼԥһ֮˵ɣɵˣ

öӰиˣƹЦ
ȫһϵƣĹ棬Ȼһ١ǽĻ֪ʲôء
ڶ˿ûʲô䱸ˣƵĻǲ˾иʲôĹ֣֮ΪⱲӣĹ̫ˡûкҲǳȫơȻǧۣϺڰϴͷ
ʱƽԼһ˳ݸ죬ʱһ㶣쵹ǲ֪óʲô
ƲЦЦ˵ҶӣȻ׵ģⶫҪϴǲܲٵԴڵģʱһ嶼УξΪУأеǺܶġΪһʵ£µһ;ˣҲƸһ͸ɣ
ֽӹͷһʵӣһεȻһһĶ쵹֪
ı滹̻һЩģһȻǵҷģȻһаá
ⶫҲֻܶԸЩԩ꣬ҪԸЩʬ˵Ͳá
ΪʱԭѾûʲôɫЩͼҲ̫ˡϸĻͿԿ
˵ⶫҲҪɡԺ󲻴һӣ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ˼Ұⶫ㣬ұȥǲ˻˶ˣǸһе̵ġ˵ҵĸװɣʮˣҵүүʮһ㣬ԡҹҵҲûжˡ
ʱһʽžʵԳҲô
ҡҡͷ˵Գûеģ֪ľԼУСӵı²֮£ԼУξˡ
ͷϵֵʱֵſʼ۲Ļ˲סˣΪ쿴һŵĹײľ˲Զĵط


211 öײ
˵Ķһ٣ǰЩʬ׷ܵһĹҵСĹ棬Ⱦ͸˳һͿǰһɫĺɫײġ
ҿ
鲻Խһ䣬Ѿô£ôйײġ
ƣն˺Ⱥʬ׷Ѿһѹײġ
Ϊʲô˵һѣΪǰͰһѣҷǳ룬ĿײʬǣΪеĹײѾˡ
ЩײĿɲֺõĹײģסʱĥЩײĶͨڲĹײģԾôЩ£ЩײеѾ¶һ죬еѾɢڵ档
˵൱׳ۣûϸҪϸĻЩײ㹻һӵġ
طûĹıשͺһȻѨһ沢ûݵĺۼȻ˹ġ
ڶѨĵطȻͣһѹײġЩײģţԶȥһһЩײеΪʱԭѾɢڵϣһѵľӣЩײʬҲȫǰ׹ǡ
Щ׹쳤һòǽʬҪȻôһѵĹײԼһ¿϶¼پߡҪȫǽʬĻ˾Ͳˣֱӱ۾ˡ
ȫǰ׹ǵĻǾͺһ㣬϶أϾôĹײһ𣬲ܻûһԹܻܿᾭʱƣЩԹȽϵСԩᱻЩԹȽϴɵ
ģ϶Թǳļһ
͵سһֵɨһ£ѾĹײʵ̫Ҫ˵پ߹ײʵе٣ŵǧߡ
ЩɢĹײģһѶѵķϲطҲ㹻Ĵ󣬵쿴ģҰҲһ򳡵ĿȣռӦȫײġ
Ĳ˵֣ЩײĵԱ߾Ȼʬǣûװײʬǡʲô˼ѵ˵ײĶЩĹĹɣ
ЩڹײԱߵĶЩ๤˵Ĺʵ˲ɡ
ܿͷһ뷨ҪĹҽҪļʮʱôһ㣬ȻǣЩ޽ĹҵĹûסײ棬Ҳ˵ײˡ
⵽ΪʲôҪɱôˣѵǻҵԱôĻҪǧҲʷ޶ˡ
üͷô࣬Աߵǳ͡㶵ĿЩƲ˵ⱲӣڵµһĹңˣҼʶ¹ֿǧڹײģֵˡ
е㲻ϰƵɣˣҲƵɵôģҲýƸȳȥ
ͷ˵Ҳǵһοƣǲ֪ĹҵˣôһˣʷǶ˫ģǾͿ˵һ档
Ҳ쿴ıݳޣｨ칬˵ҪǧᣬڼЩשѾǰ޹ˣʼٲбݳޣҲñٸˣǺһȫǴˡ
ֵǰһڹײȥЩײĶһһеģڷŵķǳ룬ȻײΪʱԭѾưˣʬҲ¶Ƶǿʣ𺳲ѡ
߽ײĿЩʬǣǰʬǣĹͷ澹ȻкɫĶЩ߹澹ȻҲǺɫģȻǱ˶ġ˵Լȶҩȥġ
Ѱ׹滹һЩϣҲ·жƣǻĿ˴ŵǹۡ
Ҳ˵˾ȻһԱȻùԱᡣ⣡
еԾٽſȥ˹֮⻹еıһӣȻֻһţҲǼֵǳʷӶмֵġ
첢ûȥӣǶģ㲻滹жҪеĻ͵üʦˡ
һ˻ʣ¹ͷǲƵ·֮⣬ҲûиĶΪŴһԱַе㺮ᡣ
ĹײĿȥŽЩײĴʲôûСǸ죬Ӧ
ƶ˵죬ôôĹײģ᲻ٳʲôʬ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ̫ӦòУһѵİ׹ǣûʲôҲһЩ
˵꣬еֵͻȻϨˣʱ亹ԼѾķɻˣֹطܺģⲻˣ
еֵϨ֮һ±˺ڰ֮УĺѾ亹ʪжڶ


212 ǧʬ
쾹Ȼ˵˲˵ĻأȫһѵĹײģǧֻײġصĲУ쾹Ȼ˵ĹأصĵطϽ˵ĻģûУЩԶٻˣͻλƮ
Ƿǳģһħһ㣬һ㶼Ҫ˵֣ΪéɽأֿԸ˴ѣٻһ쾹Ȼ˵ˣеֵҲϨˡ
ʱĺȫ亹ƺʲôĦһ
ʱҲסҳѾֲ̫ˣ͸оԼһë׵ĸо֪ûʲô
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۾ŰۣŰĭӣɷײѣͣĳ鴤ţ

ʵǳܲסʲôˣ˲ͱǰ˸ŵſ˵棬ſµʱ˹ײ档
һײİӱѹõ˲Ƕѹײİ档
컹оԼͷѹǰ׹ǵͷ­͵ؾվôûе䡣
Ҫȼʱ򣬾һҵصʲô˵档
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͵Ͽ£ֵ绹ǲУǲǻˡ̾ϢһǵùҪûеƹĻǳȥ˾͡
һ룬Լ򣬶һ˲٣һȫǰˣԸЩӵģҪƹˡ
ѸٵĽӱ֮˳ȼ֮󣬶˵ɵ취ȥ㿴ȫһЩײģӦûг·ߣ
Ƶͷ˵ƾҶľ飬ȻûмƣҲܸоӦûг·ǿЩײģ֪һĹңһһĹ֮˵ĹҡǾһĹңǸ϶ǣǸղŽȥʱֻȥ˹ˣҪȻЩ¥̨¥ģҲ౦ʬ塣
һۣղűԼĹײģС˵ǰǶԲסˣ
Ƶһ㶣ΪٸԼ˵ҪԼɡ
Ͷ˵ɵߣ

һ㶣ͱקŸ첲ײȥ
ƴ󼱣죬ҪȥôĹײģôһ
쿴һ£˵ɵ㿴ЩײȫǰڳУмպһСԱ߻һУҲһСǾ˳СߡһӦߵײĵһͷҪǵһͷӦþͿҵµĳˣ
һ㶣ȻЩײ⣬Ȼһһеģžûʲô˵ˡ
Ȼǲţƣײȥ߽ȥ֮󣬾ͷ֣澹ȻһȫǹײġСߣ
˽ʮˣȻû߳ȥеоԾⰴ˼ˣǻû߳ȥжٹײġ
ʱƾ˵ôоײеǧʬأ
һ㶣ͣ½Ų˵ʲôǧʬ


213 ǧ
ղһɲǣ㱻ƹͻȻˣһ˺ڰܼž¾ȻᷢŸûгʲô顣
˵ʲô˵ǧʬǧʬʲôһ㶡
ҡҡͷ˵ڼǰʱҵʱáһˣȥһĹѨĹܴҲ棬ҾͷһͣǧʬĶѨǸѨȫˮˮȫǰ׹ǡǾˮȥģˮǳŶܸоŵȫǹͷָоǲˬŹȥ֮󣬿һ£мһʧˣˡ֪ô£Ǿ;ʧ˳ĹҲûнȥѨǾͽǧʬˡ
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ƿһ˵ܿܣ㲻þҪȻҲͣ档ôöȥô죿
һüͷȻݺݵ˦һԴ˵ȵȣ룬ǲǹǽҪǹǽĻͺ˵ˡǻͲ˵ˣҪרŲõĹײĻǲ˵
˵죬ʲôطȥҪܿĲ־ͺˣʵ̫ˣҪܿˡĶ˵е
һܣҪҪģǲ㣬ҲˡҪܿĲ֣Ȼǲ̫ʵʵǺˣҪҲֵĻиֵ绹˵һҸߵĵطڸͲС
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һ㶣漴ҡҡͷ˵ᣬֻҪЩճĵĹײĻͳˡ㿴Ǳ߾һڵĹײġ
ͷ˵ɣңȥײĵȼʱͻѨҲѰҳڣҪǳȥĻҲһˡ
ȻһԼϾ˵ʬǣʵΣգҪѰеѣеĸолھԼϾڵĵطҵ֮ȡ˳ȥٺòˡ
ѸٵܵǿڵĹײǰ棬ȻڹײһʱɿݵĹײľȼ
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ʱ򣬾ͿܱײȼĹһţʱԽǸоĹײ֮࣬ͿߡȻЩǽķΧ֮ڵġ
𺳣ͻȻŵһӹζ˱Ƕһüͷһ˵ɵûŵһӹңôоֵֹģ
Ҳһ±ӣ˵ţҲŵˣƺйֹζǲǣײȼЩʬ巢ģ
֮ͽӸС˵ԣӦòʲôʬǵĶҸоеһԵĶȼճζ
ʱĿ⿴ǿڱȼĹײģ˾ͽͿײľȻĹײҲȼܵĴ˸оеȣǽŵġ
ܣ϶ʲôԵĶ㲻ǽŵʲôԵĶײĽĹײĸȼˣ켱˵
˵֮󣬾ƾͿʼܣڱȫǻ棬һƷǳңȻûз磬Щײĺǽһȼ֮󣬾ǹĴ
ʱѨȫˣҵһڣ˵ǰһԲζڡ


214 Ѱʬ
Žһڹײĵȼ֮棬ҵڣЩײ澹ȻԵĶҲ֪ͿĨʲôһ¾ͿƲסˣȼˣһͷ亹Ͻܡ
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ץסƵļ򣬾СѨ꣬ѨǺܴ󣬵ҲСһĸ߶ȣȥֻ֮ǰƵȻҲһѨղˡ

һƨɾ˵棬ڶѨǰ˲پ̱֮ڵϣˮ˳ź·ȫˮʪȫǱˮʪģ亹˱ټǻ̫¶̫ߵԭ
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һֻȶƣȳôˣôҲóԵõİɣǺǣ
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˺װҧһ˵ϴΰ֪ƽɽʱ򣬲ҾһۣȫʳƹһڵĺǺǡû뵽ոպãڳһҲʳﲻ
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һԳɣϴνӶƽɽ߸ĳԵһڵʱ򣬾ͺ޵Ͼ뵽ԼԳ治ǶҪǲƵǰˣߵʱҲ·ˣȻʱǸˣ뵽ƺ޲ھͳȥԳɸʬ
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ߣһߣڵĴԽǺڰֻʣ˵ĴϢǰĽŲеɢһ΢ĹǰһЩײȼ֮󣬷İȰھʣ˵Сڶ
ܹԼͷһĹѾһԽԽǧߵĹײȼҲȼһʱ䡣
ǰȻǺڰΪԭ򣬿ʲôǿҲǼ׵ķΧ
ʱеڰǸֵˡҪǲĻֵǸ۹ӣͿԽĹȻγɹԴĻͿԿ΢ԶһĶ
һһעߣȻѨĿȻûף㹻ݵ˲ǰˣߵǽҲûʲôƺһ㡣ֻҪǽ붴ѨҪЩǽûбڻĶЩڵǳҪһ㡣ǿϧǣҲûбڻȫһЩǽڣ˹ڳġʲôʯͷҲʲôש壬һЩ
Ҳ̮ˡϾڵ棬ҪûеҲûĻ̮ˡ
˼ǰŵµӰҲʧˣʣµȫǺڰǰǳԼϾ˴ŵĵط
ϣ˺ܿͿ˾ͷòһطƳڣȻǿҲǰ档
쿴ǰǳڣƣ춯һԱߵ˵
ӣǰ棬۾֮ɢһ㾫⡣ѾƣĲˣҪſѾڵˡ
ߣ㡣˵


215 Ĺ
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𽥵ļӿ˽Ųûһ˾˳ȷʵһڣһĹңҲǰ²Ķң֪ĹֵĹģǶôӴǰδеģ֡ǺЩһĹ֡
ĹȫΪ˷ֹЩĹĶ趨ĶңЩĹߵ֮﷢˺ƣͲ뵽澹ȻйģĹ֡
̾ϢĹҾһεĹ֣ܼ򵥣˵ĺۼԼѨһСѣСһ۵ĵطǵĶЩĹ˽֮ҲֻߵЩײߣЩײģЩĹ˻֪Ѷˣǧڹײľһðɡ
һ͵Ĺ֣ģͲСܿŴҲһĹֵУǿŵġ϶ĳЩˣϾӽµĹ֣Ĺ־ǱأմȾҲЩ˰ͲԼȱŻʵء
һûпǰĹҾһҶѣһڹײģһϣѨġҲ˵ڹײģԭѨõģȻǱŲˣҲ˵˽ǸǧڹײĵĶѨ
ǺĹû˽ȥƼ˹ʺˣһ¾ڵ˵棬ܾܿҲǹ̽Ĳ֣Ϊ˱ĳԭûзҪȻ֮һ漣
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ҡҡԼԴ˦˳ȥȻĹңһڹײģҲûʲôϻһЩӣߡȻǰĹ涫⵽ΪƻЩӶ˵棬ҲǺܶ࣬ƹڷ涼ǹŶҲǼֵ١
츩ӽһ˿Ѿѣ־˵ϡ
һˤƬҲû˿ۣڿŵ˵϶۲ѣӲˤ飬޲ãһͳ׵Ļˡ
ƿһĹҵĴſ˵еӦûе˳ȥɡϣ㿴ǲϾĵط
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ԽǿͷϵƾԽӦþԼϾ˵ĵϣźϤΪԼеʱ򣬾ӡ棬иĹһڹײģֻҪҵǿֱĹײģףͿҵԼϾˡ
ʱ̧ͷϿȥͿԴһڣ漴캰쿴еӦþǳˡ
̧Դе˷ܣϾҵˣǵĹˣȻǶЩĹĽǷǳϤ̧ͷһͿԴһᣬһ׷ԲСӦþǵЩǰ˽ʱڡ
͵ĹңĹǺܿҲҵĿȣᴩĸĹҡ֮Լе򣬾ǰȥΪоȻҵڣԼϾ˺ܾܿģȻѰǽʬ
죬˵ɵңȥѰϾ˵ʬӦþϾ˴ŵĵطѾЩˣû£
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216 Ի
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ĽʬѾ˵ǽʬˣֻ˵ʬɷҪӲǽʬĻ⵱Ľʬǽʬһġ
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Ĺ֮ǿһЩߣԼе龰һһЩΣȫʯͷģһЩߡ
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ͻȻ뵽ѵԼϾ˷ĲɣǳƮ죬һֲ׽ĸоƺУƺûС
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һ紵֮쿴ǰʬǣƺǶһһ㡣һ翵ĶС
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žһ̾ϢƺǻںޣƺΡ̾ϢһǱǼᶨ
̻ðɣ뿪˼ң벻̻ڵңⶼʮˣ
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217 
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219 
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үĵطͿƻͨĵƹţ켱æȥһֱ
Ųûйرգǿŵġ켱æĽݣȿıڲүүһ԰ףûһ۾΢΢ţе١
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