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ߣƲ

ݼ
ʼҸһžſڼһǮҲû⡣
ȻڶſּʮģҵʱԼͦõģżǮ
ǵһţһٵʱҲžе㲻Ծˡ
Ժҵ߹²ϣҲʼΪ˼ȥһ˽ء
߲ȥĵԢ˻ĺŰ˱壬ѪʬĳɳĹļ˴塭
һ죬յһ㣬ˣһɣ


һ ֲԢ


1 콵
ʼҸһžſڼһǮҲû⣬ȻڶſּʮģҵʱԼͦõģżǮǵһţһٵʱҲžе㲻Ծˡ
ҾûǮȥ¥תһȦҲûˣ˵ʵƽʱͦģڼҲܿƽʱɶģ֪ƭֶͦģҲû˵˼ſǮǸɶ˼
Ѱ˼Ѱ˼ǰǮˣûסջ󣬶һǮǼǮǮȥ¥µˮǴ迴ȥˡ
赱ʱզżǮˣҾ˵ûУ齫ѸҵģҿŲ׼ɣôҿ
赯˼£ֶ˻ᣬȻǮٷ֮ģҲõģž͸˵ǽµģ㣬Ҳ˼˶ѣȻ󵽵λͬ·ˡ
ʱһֱѰ˼¶͸Ҫõͬ˵ˣҲ֣Ҳû˵Ȼ
С˵ҪſǮҾͲϰˣΪǮٶȣӦһǧˣȻһҾǰˣȥſȥñ˼ȥ
ҾС𳶶ӣ̣ŪƨȥˣǶЦˡ˵Ҳ¶ͦЦģԼеСˣͰ¶ԺרĹȥˣϵ˼Ҳ¶˲飬Ҳû鵽ƭ˯ˡ
ڶͦģ˵ʵĻеڴͺģͷûûϴؾͳſȥˣſɶûУ˵ʲôһǧǮһëǮӲҶûС
ʱҾ;ԼͦɵģǮˣֲͶڱĺ¶
ʱҾͷָҵſţ˽ģʱʱͦԵģ͹ȥզ¶
û뵽ҵĶϱң̫̫ȥˣҾؾȵɶʱ¶һ̫̫¥¸أզ˵оͲء
̾˿˵̫̫ҹȥȥأ˵±͵ˣлɶ¶ûأ˭֪ҹ˯̫̫۵һȹȥʱͿ̫̫ڵѾˡ
Ҳ֪˵ɶˣοȻ͸ϽʰʰϰȥˣΪһ˳ȥμ̫̫ڿûǮȥӡ
˵λļͬ»ҽûǮҾ˵ûУǼͶЦ˵Ұ̵ˡ
ûɶ˼ǳΪ̫̫еģ̣˵ûûˣһ׶ûС
ϻؼҿŵʱ򣬽ŵȴоߵһҵͷֻһգͿһӸյֽǮʱһͦӦģһ̧ͷңҲûϹֽǮôſء
ͦˬģýȫһȥˡ
˯Ĳã֪զԺľ˯ʵʱͷҲеۡ
ųȥʱ򣬾ŵ»һɶˣҵͷһͿǸװ±ֽӣҾͦͷһ߹ȥˣеû뵽ǣǺӻͦװ˶
û뵽ǣ±һ߿¶ȴһѹõֽǮ
Ҫƽʱǿ϶ѹֽǮ±ӵģ̫ǽеˣΪҾͰֽǮŪſˣ컹øѹţɶ˼
Ҿһͷ±Ӿͳȥˣһӣ͸ожһͷͷ
ҾͰѺӴˣһ򿪾סˣΪһֽõһٿǮʱҲ֪զģڵϿʼǮһͳɵסˣΪ治಻һǮ
һһӾʹұܵĴ˸£ҵһо±ӾŪſڵģһǸ̫̫йϵ
ҸϽǮŻ˺˸Ӿͱȥˡ
Ϊ飬ǿŵģûŶźֱӾͽȥˣ̫̫ĶӺͶϱţһһе㾪ȣҲûֱӾǷſڵĲ
ȴȫɶһͷԵҡҡͷҾüʣֽǮǲǸſڵģ
̫̫Ӿе㲻ˣվңɶֽǮ˵ɶأ
ҵʱһװB̬ȣһ¾ˣͰ±һˤȻҼǮſѹֽǮ¶һԵĶ˵ˡ
ʵҳҲͦ᲻һǮģҲɷʣҲоǮ˵ͷʱ̫̫ӿңһŽɵĴ±ӡ
ԵĸоһǮʱ۾ðˣû˵أϱ˵ϵܰ±治ǷŵģֽǮҲѹģǼֽǮ¥ˣǰҲûſӹǮ
ȴе㲻ŵʣģ
ʹĵͷȴϸϸĺ˳ɫҲǱ쳣ѿϹ˿ȴһĳʹڵקӣȴͻȻϹһקˣ㻹̰Ǯ֪զĲ
Ļһ㣬ҺϹԭأȴֻĺ˿һĿһϵ±ӣȻת̫̫ķ䡣
ٳʱһǮȻǮһŲŶ˵Ǯǰſڼġ
Ҳһ˿ֿŮˣȻЩİ͵ʣȻϻͲˣ
Ůɫ԰׵ĵ˵ͷȴʹ˿ĭԼ侲ȻָָǮһǧ
Ůٴε˵ͷǲ԰׵亹ˢһ¾ʹҵĺ˳ҸоͷƤЩը
ֿ֪־޷װģŮ˵ڳľĿ־塣


2 Ǯ
Ҳֻܶ±Ӵ˳ҲǱӦñҼ񵽵һǧǮ
ֻǴ˿ҵȴһ㶼ûмһһǧǮϲã硣
Ϊûд̫̫ϱĿеõκõϸڣֻ֪ű¥Ĵ¥ȻſڿһǮű˸߲ҵļ˼ңϾͲˡ
Ψһõϸڿܾ˵ȥʱıǾ֣۾ĺܴ
һص¶ϸϸһ飬ԽԽ¶а͸λ˸绰˼٣Ȼ򳵾ȥ˹֡
ĹʵɥƷһ֣ҲвСУһȦһҿСȥˡ
ӴҵǸͷҾͰЩЩ¶һֲĶ˵ˣͷ۾û֨۾ңСӣ֪ſΪɶֽǮ
һãҡҡͷѰ˼֪㣿
ͷڵľͺ˿ϵĲ裬Ȼ˵̫̫Ǯ
ҵʱɵ˵ɶҲûǮ
ͷЦЦ˵ǱӦñ񵽵Ǯ̫̫ˣ˲ˣֻ̫̫Ǯˡ
ͷȻɣȴĻ亹ֱҾ͸ϽͷǮ˭ſڵİû¶Ǯɶ˼
ͷЦ˵Сӣ֪ɶǮ
ҡҡͷһŵĿͷ˿ڲˮ˵Ǯ
ɶǮҵʱˣӲû˲ͺ˳
ͷȴҵļұ𼤶Ȼָҵ˱ˮŽ˵˰һ׬Ǯģ㶼ˣҲͲͷˡǮ൱ǰⱲҪ׬Ǯǰ͹ˣȻ㻨ˣҲԶˣͽǮ
ͷĻҿڸϵĲˮһھͶˣȻү˼ǣǮҪҵ
ͷһе˵ͷҵʱһ뷨ͷںңһ˵Ҫҵһеˣүզ찡ɵðҰ
ͷüë˵Ǯô
һ£һ亹һߵ˵ͷҡҡͷ˵Ҿͻһ㣬ͿʼǮһ򣬻̫̫ߵһǧҶû
ͷȴǳ̾˿ȻƲƲ˵ǻٵ⣬ǻûȻˣҲûˡ
ͷ˵ֵͷʼȲ費˵ˣԽ˵ԽżȻҸоǶңǱ˵ﻹԽԽˡ
һѰ˼ﻹǼһһһģӶͳٿǮ˵үҶʹЩҪǲҾٻȥȡͰ취ɣ
Ȼǿ£ҵǮǼġ
ͷۺӣ¸˵ʵ˵ûӲӲǲУǽ廹ϵˣҪǸǮ˰Լˣͻоȡ
һͷô˵͸оղңڵǮҾе㲻ˬˣǮѾˣҲûˣҾüؼҶûôԼְ
ͷһ߰Ǯһң룬ûеɶˡ
Ƕͷ˼˰죬ֻҡҡͷ˰￴Ҳ˳ۣе㿴Ҳ˳۵ģҲҪʵ벻
ͷҡͷңǽװǮǺûӰɣ
ʹĵ˵ͷͷҲͷȻ˳ȥٽʱ˼ƬҶӣȻȥݶ˳һˮҰָͷ˼ѪְҶӣ˶ŽŴӶͳһŻֽƵǸָ˵ֽд֡
˵Ļеģ˼ǣǸǮ˷һǰ¶СĵֻҪˣ¶
д֮ͷûֽȴһëֽ滭˸ȻϰֽǺһŵ⣬ҷŵʱյֽǮ
һֽǮһɻզֽǮأǸڸ̫̫յģ
ͷȴ˰˵ûǮզ͵ſڵģΪɶ˭ûſڵǮ̫̫ˣ
ҡҡͷһãȻĿͷͺ˵Ӧסǵطֽţͷָ׸ǲ˸֣ӦǿǮģ̫̫Ǵ޽ˣأͿǮˡ
Ȼղһ̫ͷһһǸеһ⡣ͷһĳü⣬ҵļ˵Сӣ˵һǧ˰ٵķӣ㺦ˣԼҲòˡ
˵꣬ҾһߵĵӰοˣվ˵ۡ
ʱҲм¶ûأүզǮſڵİôˣͲ±˿
ôʵʱ򣬾Ѱ˼ǽҪſڶһޣǲǾܴˣͷȴ˵һ䣬͵ģС͵ġ
ҵʱ궼ɵˣզСأ
˺ð˵ƾôͷīͷǲһؼңֻ˵Ϸ˻ֽȻٹ
һͷǿ϶һȥˣҲֻգԼȥˣ˵ʵҵҲǺ¶ֻǾٿǮ׬Ҳ̫ˡ
һؼ֮ԼŪ˿ڳԵģ˾ĿӵڣֽǮҲڻʱˣ¾㱸ֻǷ硣
֪ǲĵ̫ˣҾȻſž˯ˣȻ˺֣һ۾ȴֻеӵҾôԺ˯һ磬ѹʱѾ׺ˡ
һѾʱˣŶȥˣ¥ûиӦƣƽʱҲֻдȴ͸¹ǸǽǸ죬ںһûãȴдӸճ⡣
ҡҷţȶյĺһ˵ɭ


3 ¥ɡĹ
ҳӣŤͷҿһۣΪһ飬ŻǿŵģֻСҲ֪ڸɶ̫̫λǰûӰֻ̫̫źڰƬİ
Ƭϵ̫̫ЦЦıֺڲעңҿ˻
Ҿ͸ϽͷʼֽѰ˼¶ֽǮžͻݵģ»ԼˣյĲȫɶģֻӲͷƤֽ꣬ǾʱͻȻоվ˸ˡ
һ¾վˣǵתʱȴվģȻǸոͷ
ҵʱһסˣüôˣͷͺٺٵĸЦ˵е㲻ģ͹
ҵʱһӦǣôҵҼҵģ
Ҿͷ˵ģȻָ˵֮û¶һԣû뵽˵Ҫб仯ľ͹
һ˵Ҫб仯Ϳһ£ʲô仯ͷȴҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ԲŹһҲûİ취ˣͶȥֽ
ҸһпЦͻͷͷûЦͷȴޱĳҡҡͷЩ֣ҲûЦҲû¶ÿԼˡ
ֽҾ׼ͷһЪţͷȴҰľӶϣΪɶͷҾǶ̫ףɶͲˣڻþӵʱ򣬵
ͷ˵еͽȥѾӶöˡ
ͷҽݣ˾һߣͷڻɶͷֻһ֣ȡ
Ҵʵģóֻ棬ǾֻȡϷʱͻȻֻĻϿһԵͷȻЦ
͵̧ͷȴֻޱٵͷֻʱȴֻϷĻˡ
뿪ͷզ¶ͻȻ뵽˸ղֽʱЦʶĿһͷһëȻĸо˲ҵȫ
ҵͷĳǿԼȻվͷ̲ͷûֻ̧֨ͷһȻҡҡͷұһ߽ȥ̡
ҳʱһ˸۶Լﴧ˸Сӡ
ҾɫĻصԼλȻͷװֻȴѶС˳ȻĵһԵͷ
ɾҪյʱͷȴͻȻһ£ҸɶأŵҸϽͰѾӷŶˣȻ̧ͷ˵ûɶ
ͷЩͷĿһͷϵĵƣȻҰѵƹϣҾƵΪɶұϻǲһɶüĶ
˵زԸĻһʱҲ֪ôҾ̵ſߣһֱƵڿš
ʱͻȻҾЩ֪ĻͷͷΪеʱ̣Ҳ֪ôֻ֣š
һعͷŷ֣ͷҲŵĿţƺҲ֪ŵ˭
Ҿſű̽Ե˾䣬˭
Ⲣû˻شֻĵڼ
ҵȻʼһ뵽ͷҲйŹ֣Ҿɶ¶Ҳһ汳ҾͰһᣬûͷһͰŸˡ
վȴסˣǸŮġ
ҴôÿŮˣֵŮ˶¥ˣŰɡͷϡ
ŮһҿˣͳЦ£Ȼ˵Ұذɣؼҵġ
е㱻˵Ϳˣ֣
ӣŽŴȻһͷ˵֣ɣ̫ˣҽؼҡ
ȻҾҲתͷȴͷɫúѿվſŮЦ˵˾䣬֣ٲؼңҪˡ
ͷˣߵſҲû˵һ仰ֱ¥ȥˣһͷơ
ŮЦұ֣־СƵģҵͷ˵ʾ⡣
ǻûͷզʱŮ˾ʹɡҲ¥ȥˡ
ҿŮ¥ıӰֻεʼ粻֪˵ɶˣŮ˵治ȳƨ̣žȻҹ¥ɡе죬Ҹɣһǻһڵġ
뵽Լ̲סˣⶼɶʱˣ߰ʲôء
ת׼ݵʱһСߵ˵ϵ±ӣͷһȴǸиǾȻǴ򿪵ģ
дŻֽѾˣȡ֮һŰֽһԿף
̾ͰѺýںϸһ飬ȷûҵŻֽˣȥǰ
ֻֽдһַپûκˣǰԿһȴԽĻ
Ϊ֪ǸǮѾѺдֽˣַԿףѵ˵ҪԿȥֽϵĵطô
뵽ֻһ취ˣȥǸոձߵͷҲֻˡ
Ȼҿʼҡײƭھе汾µģҴֽԿž¥Ȼֱͷ
ΪͷСҲЩɥƷԺ͹ϵһҹӪҵģνӴҵȴһݵ̫̫
Ҿүأȴ̾˿ңʱͷͻȻзˣȻͱȻ͵ҽԺȥˡҵʱһ໵һ˳ܣǸղҼҵ˭
̫̫ȴգգ۾һĿңȻҡҡͷ˵ҼͷͱȻˣզܻȥǶǿ˰ɣ
̾ҡͷ˵ܣǲָղͷӻȥģ̫̫ȴΪĿ˵һӣĹ


4 ʮǮ
ʱ̫̫⻰ҸоһӽźһֱͷһǲģͷסĸҽԺ̫̫īû취Ͷˡ
ҸϽȥҽԺһ·˺ܶ࣬ȴԽԽ£ΪԽľ̫̫滰
ͷѾˣ̫̫ûŮ
Ǹղҿǻþ
ҽԺҼҴҵֱͷĲǵ˲һеɵˣΪҿͷڲϣ۳žֻʣˡ
ֻһչҳһƴԼȻȥǸ˼򵥵˵˼䡣
˾Һȥ˵Ӱˡ
ȥ˸ͷĶӣ̫̫˵һ
ͷзͱȻ͵ˣһֱչ֣˵ˣȥҼҵͷԲ֡
˵˵̣ԼһݸһȻ˵ֻǵ㶫ˣҪŵĹھ͸ϾҲҵǮˡ
ô˵ͰԼЩ¶һһʮĽˣû̲֨סǽȥǶͷ˭ֵֵܣ
ȴֻñӺһȻͷڵýŲ˲Ŷ˵ҰָûʲôֵܣͷҰ֣ʲôҲ˵壬ǿ϶ˡ
ִ˵һ˲䣬Ҿ͸оԼͷƤҪըˡ
̾ŴĿɿڴĳȴһ򶨵ĶӶ˵Ҳ֪ǶΪɶҪװҰ֣Ӧ뺦㣬֪û仰Щ㻹ܻЩЦˡ
һԲĿȴѾ亹ȴ˵㻹˵ֽʱЦˣӦþǶЦģҪ֮ǰѾӶϣƾ±㿴ıĿ
ʱ򣬾͸оʲôҵĺһһֻǿЦˣǸ˰
˾Ц¶˵ֻܸһôҪлᣬٴӾ￴һۣ֪ɶˡ
Ҳÿɷĵ˵ͷȴΪɶûҰ
˵Ӧǲʱ򣬶ؼӦǺǸɡŮˣȵ㡣
̾۾ֽ˵ڻ֪Ů˺װҰֵǶɶϵԲǸŮϵ
˵ʹ°ĥȴѿڶǴɡŮ˻ǣ
ȴֻҡҡͷ˵֪˺ܿ׼ô죬˵
˾ͿЦ˵ô
ͷþ϶ôĹµģ˾ҵļ˵զ˵ҰҲǮˣνǮ֣ɣϹңһȥǵط
һô˵һʯͷ˵أͰĵ绰ҼˣȻ˻ҽϾȱؼˣȥ˵Ҿ͵ͷ˵С
ҽԺҾȥ˸ѼסҿûҸɶ¶ֻ˵¥װޣ˯ãԹԸһϡ
һ˯ĲãججģһֱΣһֱҵ֣ǵ۾ѹʱ򣬲ûɵˡ
ΪҾȻԼĴϣҾȻԼļ
ʹԴȻ˴ĺܿ죬ҷӦ£̾ͳֻѴ˸绰ô¶
ȴңߵȥϰˣһ˯ûңҾһ飬ȷߵʱһҵĴϣôصԼİ
Ҹ˵һԼˣȴֻ˵˯ͿˣԼ˯ˣҵȻ֪ô¶Ҳû͹˵绰
µ绰ϸ£Ѳ̫ƭңܲΪ˶ҴұҼҰɡ
Ǿ˵ߵȥϰ֮ҲŴǶģôľǸˡ
Ͼ뵽ߵ֮󵽼ҵģΧھӦѾвˣǻ᲻˿ôأ
뵽Ҿʹӹ·׼ţʱҲžȵķ֣ҵĴ߾Ȼķһ£
ʱҾ͸оϵ亹ˢһˣѵ˵Ǵ»ģ
»һİʸھӣҽϵôģ
Ҹţ͸оʲôź棬еѾ߳ȥһһһģһ±ӾͷҼſڡ
òʮǮɣ
֪Ϊɶŵϵ±ӣЩȥãܿ죬һҧһᣬⶫˣ˦Ҳ˦һԼĺġ
ҾͶ±ӸҾͷеһȻʮðֽסĳƱש
ûȥˣΪҿԿ϶ȻǸ˿ϰЩǮҼſˣǾûȱģʮ򣬶һŲ࣬һŲ١
ʱʿˮ˵ʵҳôûʮǮôһǧƽʱǧǮʮǮǵʮʡĴĿ
Ҳ֪զģȻðһͷʮǮ첻ǵһˣ
ҪһҾҲˣôججĶȹһӣһٶȥҵˣҲˡ
ҵһʼĿ־忪ʼתɳһĪô˵أЩڴ
ͷմԴðͱҸˡ
ţ˭Ű


5 ʬ
ǮûؼҺҰǮ֮ǰһһϣѻʮ࣬Ǯȫˡ
ҾЩˣͷ˵ģǮûлĻһǿƵ֪ʱҾͲ¥´Ļˣڵãô
ϿôǮҲֻˣǮʱ㶯˵Ժл῿Ǯҳʲô˿
Ҳˣĵ򲻵ѵʱǱ񾭲ҲҪȥҪǾ첻ĻҾϮסȥ˵¶ˣѵк˲ɣȻѹ˵㣬ܱסҵǡ
Ҳ̫ˣ⵨Ҳ˵㣬ǮЬ棬Լ׺Ҳϵ顣
ǵȷаţѼ˯ĺúõģզʹԼأѵ˻ܲٿβɡ
¥ʱҿ˸̫ҵĶϱһ첻ҷ֮ǰ˲٣ɷɷ׵ģɫѿǶ۾ҲЩҺǹɨһۣЦ
Ҿͱŵò壬ڱôһЦطëϽһۣЦëӰ
Ů˾ͺûƵã˫۾ۿ湾תţߵЦһƿԼŻȥˡ
񾭲һ䣬Ҳ¥ȥ
ߵ¥أͿһ˶Ҽ¥³̣ˣͷһ߹ˡ
һͷĶӣҲҽԺ˽һ£ͷţǰũȡȽ㣬ͷԼһʮͷͽţʮˡ
ţʮߵǰҿ˵Ӧ֪鵽ﲻԾ˰ɡ
һ£ǰţϲ˵ʲô£
ûע⵽ţʮЩɻĿѯʵ
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ҿţʮɷµӣҲëĻţϽ˵ɶ
ԼɡţʮĿڴͳһֻңҴǸƵ
ҴƵЩԺĿĳƵĽǶȾ͵͵ĵģΪĵ˶Ƕһսǣͷ͵͵̽ĵģһˣ·ƣҸͿƵݡ
ܿ죬ҾʹƵ濴ҵĳ֣ȴ˿ǵ߹·Ƶе·Щ죬ô˵أͺǰš
ʱ򣬴ǰһϴŲЬҴĺۣͷϴһñִͭ࣬һˡ
ǶñǸ˵סˣ˸ͿʲôӣƵ͵͵ĵģǶҲеƫ
ʱǸ˲֪͡ҡ˵ʲôǸѽѽ˵ͣرĹ죬ȫͲҵʱǸŴñġҡļ򣬲֪ǲҵĴڿĵҡʱҸоƵ˲ýӲˡ
ʱҿƵǸߵˡҡǰ棬ԼĴͳһ£ҰǼ´ŴͳһСࡣ
ȻһôеС࣬һŴµġҡǰߡ

СƵ洫˳Ƶͳ׵ĺˣֻнԶ
֪ΪʲôҿЩëȻʣƵǸҡûдȻûпѾȷ϶ҡ
ΪƵҺǸñߵķҼҵķ򣬶Լѹģǲһ˭
ָоˣѼ˯İ
ܿ죬Ҿˣ쵽ȥĸѼţô붼ûȻ
ҸϽóֻ㿴¼ͳֻͨ¼ʱȴûʲôѵĵ绰һҴϰٵġ
ˣô£
ʱţʮҲҵĲԾҿ˵𴲻ûչӰɡ
վӣţʮôһ˵ҲϱҵڶûˢϴأҺܺţʮΪɶûվӡ
߰ɣȥңԼ׵ġţʮû˵ʲôֻԼؼҡ
ҾʹţʮҼңսݣҾͳȥˣһվӣһ
ΪҷԼţ䣬ӣͶĨɰر죬ԼҸһ
ҲѹָղŸŮ˿ҵıô֡
ҳȥţʮŽſ˵ûв´ĻıġѡְġŰЩطҲĨɰ㲻ŵĻԼȥѹ˿
Ҽţʮ˵ɷ£Ҳûȥ·ԼģȻɰӡǣȻԼЬӺӶˣȻҲԼĽŰϿɰӡǣʱҸŵò壬ôһ£ҾͿ˵ʲôɣ
ţʮ˵ͷϴûпĻӦǸʬˡ
ʬˣ£ҲһЩС˵͵Ӱ濴ˣһֱҲû̫£ڱţʮôһ˵ڸʬ˵ӡһһԺ渡ֳ
ʬˣ˼壬Ǹʬ·ˣһ뵽⣬ҾͿ˵˼ǣǼһҵʬϣ
ûţʮ˵ͷ˵һ¸ʬǲϻ˵ģһǾǸ˵Ѿˣһ˵ǣѾˣ
˵꣬ţʮֱĿңǱ˸оͺڿһˡ


6 լ
ţʮҲЩëȻҾͿʵҸء
ţʮЦſ˵ǲǾӿڿһƵã
ҵ˵ͷţʮرĹ죬滹һ˿ʱڻؼ·ϿһЩСèСʬʱ򣬾
֪ԼЩɰӡͷĻҲΪɶôˡţʮЦſ˵
Ϊɶ⼸طɰӡǵɶ˵ͷ͸ҵˡҸϽʵ
ţʮ˵ȷ˺󣬻
⼸Ѿŵðˣθˡæ˵
ţʮ˵ͷ֮ǰǺ˵ǸǸʬ𣿡
԰æش
ţʮ͸˵һͨǸҽʲôǸʬˡ
ʬ峯ʱڳֵģʱǰѿĴĺʬͻؼ硣
ʬʼ͹Уߵˮ·ҪϡġϿһΣˮļаֻܲûţԸս֮ϣʬְҵǾͲˡ
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ôˣЩɻĿʵ⳵˾ƺ֪Щʲô
⳵˾ʱҲ˵˵ɾЩˣĻȰ㻹Ǳȥˣǰϰհȥͱųˣⲻ죬ֹҳˡ
һ£֪⳵˾֪ЩʲôϽ˵˵˵⵽ôһ¡
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ֹһЩŵĿ˵
⳵˾ҽŵӣҲЦ˵ɲʵϰŵòᣬಡˡ
ϸ˵˵˵⣬ѾǳȤˣ˿ܲţҾԲ᲻ţΪҺӿ϶ģǸ˽ҹȥ϶Ҳǽҹȥô򵥡
ϰ˵Ǳ֮ǰһϰСķӣ֪ˣѰٻģǴϰû취ͰС˦ˣСһʱ벻ˣǰˣҼǰıֽӦûܿţʱһأôƯһզ벻ء˾ҡͷ˵һʵڲУĸо
ҼԶˣϽſ˵˼ǣֹǸСĹ
⳵˾ҡͷ˵ҾͲˣϰڱŵҽԺ߶߶ģ˵ˣһֱҽԺ߶йй
һЩţϽҪ˳⳵˾ĵ绰˵ͷҿһгˣҲϽѺˡ
˺ҲЩ̤ʵˣȥ̽㣬ó⳵˾ȥţʮǣҴºú˵˵


7 Ǯɢ
ҵţʮʱСӾȻԼҵĵŶǶյĳأһҪӣһҪҪĳȥȵ㣬ãϢ
ˣţʮЩȣզˡ
ҲûԼĲˬֳϾţʮҲǷʲô֮԰æΪͷҵǮοԼԼͷӳºѲ˹ϵҲЩΡ
Ҿ˵ԼµķˣţʮһϽȷҿ˵ɶ·֡
ҰҴǳ⳵˾һԵȫţʮˣţʮһɫҲ̫ã˵ô˵Ǹطֹ
ҵ˵ͷӦǰ˾Ųʮˣ˵Ǹ⳵˾ϰڻסԺأҪǼװҪӣȥһ£
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Ϣǰˣʱһض飬˵ôԵô֪ܲء
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ص󣬲֪ΪɶӶܸоЩΣ˵ôƯǸ߲Ǹϰ岻ҪҲΪϰȥҸǮϰ岻ˡ
ȥôȥ룬Щ̫㣬ûٸҶȥˣҸջؼأͿҼҷϷһСӣ滹һŰɫA4ֽֽдǮɢ
ҾԼ亹ˣϽǸӴһ淽İڷһǮҶ֪϶һˣ
ϸ㣬ҵĹʣⱲȷʵҲ׬һ򣬸û׬һǧҲ˵һյǮˡ
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һ룬ҲԼˣϽȥţʮһҲطˣԭЩܿɰǮʱȴһĿ־С
Ͼţʮ˵ľˣʱָܹҲֻˡ


8 ҵ
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ɶţʮѯʵ
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ҵ֪Լ¼ģ֪ԼǼ㣬ʶóֻҵǼģ绰˰ûҴͨ
û취ֻúţʮ˵ûʱ֪Լ¼ģɲ
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ҾͰԼոȻţʮóһ룬ҵָƣȡ˵ָѪ˵ָѪȽգʱаȽϺá
ȥѪţʮ͵ȥˣұȥ˵ɶҲҹȥʱһң˵ŷϣʱԱа
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˵ͷǽȥˣҷȥʱմ˲ٰ׻ҡ
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ҳſƣΪŵģﲻô־壬̫ûס˵ԵʰɣҰ˵ƣһȻĹǣ죬Ҹŵýг
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ڹصһǣΪ˲Ĺⰵ棬ΧһӺڰǰɶĿˣڶһƬҵĲǿҵĿ־С
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ձأȻֹҾһڲĽҵ֡
һŮˡ
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Ҳͻشˣܿ;ѹûзΪ־壬ܹΪҲܷҴֻܴڴڵʿˮ
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ôǰǺϲҵ𣿡ִ˹
ûᣬĶɹˣҪϲ͹ˡ
ˣȻ㲻ԸңҲǿˡЩƵĴ˹
Ȼһ˵ܾͿʼðЩëȻһԼôɵվⰡ
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תҪܵʱȴһ̾Ϊֻ㲻ҵġ
֪Ϊɶ̾ԭѾȥĲֽԭأЩ˼ȥˣͣǶ
ô˵أʱر֣ȫ޷ݣ֮رìܣܺ£ȴֲҪߡ
ͣˣǵҲ˲٣ôûмˣѵͲҪ𣿡
ҳ˼һ£ǲһͷΪ֮ǰϲϣԼԼһɱģҸղ¥ЩճĶһЩܾ⡣
Ҳ˵վԲпܱʱҵģ
֪ˣҲֲ㣬֪Լӵȷˣ߰ɣΨ㣬ҲҪĿ˵
ʶ仰֪ΪʲôͦܵģܸоԼǺܶԲ㣬Ҳ֪ô£ҾͿ˵Ҳ㰡
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ţˣٿֲôǰϲģ͵Ϊ˼ǰഺɡ
һ뵽⣬ҾҪͷȥһۣţһôɱҲ練ֲ뺦ҡ
֪ΪɶȴһͷǾһͷĻʲôõ鷢ʲôõ飬ֲ֪ʶĲҪͷ
ʱִҵıôˣͷҰɣҺܾûмˡ
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ҾĥҪʱ䣬Ϳ˵ΪʲôҪȥȥ
Сǰɡ㿪˵˭ԼǰҲҪ˵ˣڸң㾿ͷͷɡ
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һƬžҪͷһ˲䣬һֱֻӰסҵԴһϤҵĶĻͱͷ
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˵ʵѾţʮûɶڴˣⶼˣûнңˡ
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ҽűʱԸоһɺ͸ҵСӿȥȫ˲ñģ̲סһ


10 ͷ
ǸӤƺûпһҵ߹ҲΪʲôԴӴ֮¥µӤƺˣӦԴϵŴ׷ðɡ
ȻĿǰһж˺ģȻڲѯЩʱ򣬼Ȼ¥ϵҾ͵ʺˡ
ڹӤߺҸϽ¥ȥΪӤһ£ҷѾЩˣΪһ¾ΣգʱҾҪ̲סġ
ǿסѣθУҳ˶¥˶¥ҲˣΪ˵Ƕ¥ڶ䣬ķ趨ŵģҲ˵¥ڶġ
һ䣿
˿̴ԴϴѣθѾݲȥʲôˣŶһѰɣϿ϶·һģһѣҸ䣬Ҳаٷ֮ʮʲֱӴֱߵķ䣬Žȥ󣬸ϽŸϣڴڵĺš
ҽȥҲʼܵĲ£ǵԼõĶſԡ
ⷿͦģĲȻѾԵЩߣԿóǰʱ򣬾ʮݻġ
һźľڴ߰ڷһױ̨ױ̨ҲͬǺľģǶһ澵ӣӾ濴ҵΪŴ׷ˣɷɷ׵ģ͸ʱյֽһ
˵ӵķ䶼ͦаŵģڿ澵ӵʱﻹЩŵãûߣϾղѾӶ¥һӤˣҿɲұ֤¥ûϡŹֵ
ʱûжҲʱȫġ
ҲʼˣϾǰǿȥģٲȻһҪƴģ
ĳȴĵƽ˲٣ڿ׵ţʮʵǸԸſͦ׵Ĵġ
˵ţʮҵǿѪһ˵
˵Ǳ˻Ǯ
˼Ҫ׾ԲˣȻţʮҪңҪҵġ
ҺȻĸеЩøղţʮҪֵʱ绰ͨȻпܳ¡
һЩдģԼֲҪ͸¶ˣȻȷġ
ϸ룬Щ£ƺĺţʮкܴĹϵʲô˵ʲôҾʲôġ
ˣĺҵĻôȷҵʱȥֵʱأ
һһƵҾ
˵Կ϶ǣţʮûаġ
Ͼǿ֡Ѫ񡱾Ϳóȷаοǿȷܹ죬ϾȻѪ˿δš
ЩԼô׾ˡ
ʱ涼һޱȼĲҽִŲĲҽУƺڿƺڼУֺЦ
ֹģŪЩ£ĥԼɲɵţȻǵðԼɡ
ʵҲʲôֻ濪ʼ˷ھͼԼעתƿԼԼŵˡ
֪ΪɶűţҾ͸о濪ʼЩˣҴһ£վվ͸оһˣ÷вšţϲ
ϲʱﻹЩľģ´ͰһֻʲôģҲȥ壬ͬ³ˮĶѪ
ӲʲôҲûĲҲһ㣬ΪЩ䣬ҾڷЩ
ܿ죬ҾͷЩԾˣҸоԼԽԽ飬ԽԽվŶЩˡ
һ֪ΪɶҺȻߵЦһ
ЦžķԵرͻأԼԼЦŵˣȻҹ鷢ˡ
ҾȻҵЩԼƵߵױ̨ǰžԼĵЦһ¡
ʱҵļƤ񶼳ĵôһ£ôܻôЦЦһŮˣһƯŮ˵ϿǾĿģҪһ˵ЦݣȴЩëȻ
ȻҾͷԼĴױ̨óһױ򿪻ױóһӣʼԼͷ
ҵͷзȻᣬȴҲֻһ£ȴǺһᣬ漴ʹûͷˣš
һʱȻ֣ĸңһŮͷһرƯŮˣκŮ˵Ĵﶼܹϡ
ϴһɫۣ磬Լͷ֪ûָоžӵʱܸоԼڿԼʱҲоŮһֱڿҡ
ܿ죬ϵĿں죬ΪҪԼĨںʱȴѿںŽ˳ùһѼԼָͷƣָͷϺܿӿѪ
ͰЩѪĨԼ촽ϣԭޱׯտʼ
ҾһЦŮңЦš
ȴǴҵĺ淢ģ
ҸܷŮ˵ĵȷȷҵĺ淢ġ
ʱѾʶԼĲԾˣҪվ뿪ǰ⾵ӣôŬҵȴɻûܱԼٿֻĿžǴźɫ۵Ů˶žЦš
ǱߵŮЦš
ߵңȴڹķ
ʱע⵽Ů˵ЦݣһЦĿޣ
ͷŮˣˮ̺ԹޣˣȴΨûһĻ䡣


11 
ҸеһޱȾҵĿֲ;ҵӿȥ⵽ô£ΪʲôҵԼ
ƴҪסԼ壬ȴ˿ûãҵƺѾԼˣҶ޷סԼ壬ֻܿԼԼա
ǸŮϵЦҲԽӵĹĳһ˲䣬ŮվĶңȻֻ԰׵֣žߵץ
ʶ㣬ȴԼͲܶŮ˫Ҳĵ˾ӵǰ档
ȻӾ˳
һҶ飬֪ˡ
ֻǼǰ԰޳סҵô˵أͺڸһ
ŵû飬ֻԭزͣĲ
ʱ򣬷ſˣһ죬˴һ飬»صԼĿƣղסҲ˲ʧŮ±ҡ
԰ףͺǹʬһ촽ȴĺ죬֪һĨ죬ԼѪĨȥ
Ǵ󣬴һۣҲһ˵զˣ촽զô졣
ûһشֱóһŷϣȻ룬ҧԼָָѪֻ˼һ̱ڵϡ
ô۵ӣҲȥղ䣬ұߵˡ
ҾͿˣզˣ
û˵㾹Ȼ˼⣬Ҫ㣬ӦѾΪĹˡ
ʲô˼һ£Ͻʵ
ʵϴȥѧУʱҾͿˣĻʺϵҪǺ죬ϴ˵Ҷ̲סСˡ󿪿˵
ҵĻǣһ£ʶľѡ˴󣬾͸Ͻѯʡ
ҾбҪ˽һҵĻⷽ⣬Ͼֻ֪Լ֢״ԺźȥԤˡ
ĻǴһԣǾǹ٣ֹϡУʮ棬ҲֻʮĹĵĸҽ͵
٣ʲô˼ҿ˵
Ǳ˼ֹѧǿЩϿԼĹ꣬ӶԷΪǿܹΪԼʮ٣Щʮ֮һתϡ󿪿˵
һˣǹȥڣ˭Ҫ٣˭ҪԼܹõĻϣжٵ׷
ҾͿ˵ʲô취û
Ҳˣȥ棬ͺܺ棬ԣ˵ֻҪǸ޵ˣԿĳںСʱӦñС˰ôܻأεʱǾ߿϶иһЩֽţñ˲һ۾Ϳû뵽Ǳ˸󿪿˵
֮ǰţʮǸͷǰĴ˵ǶԵĻҲ˵Ҳ뺦ҵġ
Ҳ֪ţʮǸǮǲһġ
ӦòǣΪţʮڼǸʬ˵ʱ򣬲ûȥңѡ˸ں棬ʱö֪һҡ
һ뵽⣬Ҿ͸оѾ׹ˣȻ֪Ǯ˾˭ţʮ뺦ҵľ;ûˡ
֪Ϊʲô˵ܻпиʱҵԺ澹ȻֳǸҼ¥ɡŮˡ
Ϊҷ֣Ȼ¥ɡԵЩҺֳǸҼҼٰͷණйϵҾǶŪʲô
ʱ򣬴Ȼ㵵Ŀң˵ô£ӿûˡ
䣬ͱ۾֪Щʲô˺һ֮۾üͷ˵ôܣһҿʱʮ٣Ź꣬ϵôֻʣˡ
죿һ£֪ԼٱǸĲˣû뵽ԼȻֻˡ
Ҳ˵ڵ룬׬İ٣ֻҪǸ˸İٿǮҾ͵Ҫˣ
ҿɲô׵ˣȻɹ˵СɹǿǽֻصģóҾ͸Ͻ˵ʲô취ȵû
üͷ˺һſ˵߷ʲô飿ΪʲôҪ
ҲûʲôģͰЩ飬ʬȫ˴
ԥ˺óһʱ䣬ſ˵ԭˣӦûǼ򵥵ģ˵ģֻ챻ߵģָңҰԿܲܰʧȥٸл
леĿ˵
˵ͷӦǿлģϾűߣʱӦûûһһγͳٵʱֻҪǱûм¼ڰǾȫû⡣
ҸϽóֻ绰ҵ֣ε绰ͨˣܿͰҵָˣҪɶأҾ˵Ҹϱⲻ˰ȥ͵Ļʹؼҡ
ͣˡ
ʳſŴ󣬲֪ǲҵĴҸտʱޱǿҵĿһֿĸоʧˡ
ҸҪʱҵֻˣóֻһҲˣӦҿֻʾ֣Ǵ
ʶĽ绰ͷ˹ιɵȥˣǸڵڶҵ𣿡
ûлشĻ̧ͷǰ
ô


12 ǽ
绰ǸǴģڴȴվҵǰǸҴ绰ˣ⵽ôһ¡
ҸоԼĺ󱳿ʼˣ
ܰΪʲô
һ𣿾ԲܣôҲ˵һǼٵġ
͸ӸˣĴ󵽵ĸģĸǼٵġ
վǰ󣬵ĻǼٵģ
ѾЩȫͷˣ˵һٵĴôЩ滹ûҲǼٵأõϢмأ
ҿҪƷˣæѵ绰ҵˣҾһҪȫ
ʱһĪҲЩĪ˵զ£Ҹ
һ˵ûɶ
ѾԼԼˣǰӦǼٵģϾȷЩ죬Ӧǽ˷䣬Ͼ֮ǰ˵ģǸνĶ¥ڶӦǰȫģҽǸŮˣޱΣյĴڡ
ֻҸеֵǣΪʲôٵĴⷿǸŮ˾ʧأ
ʱҲ˵ˣָҰɡ
֪ͷϷˣ֮ǰţʮҲҪ֣ͬҲҪҵ֣Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪҵ֣Կ϶ǣõҵ־Ǽƻеһ֡
ʱѾҪܵĳ嶯ϾǰҪҵģټ϶кġ
ؼѾⷿˣһɸղŴϻЩǷֹӳȥ߱˽ҵġ
Ҳ˵ڵѾеıˡ
Ȼܲҿ϶ɵƵ¶Ѿ֪ǼٴˣҾԼȫȺίߣûһЩļƻȻһܵ
ҾͿ˵ղҴ绰ˣ˵ҲȷҼģԿ϶ǣӦ㵽ġ
ʵģԿ϶ǣԲ˵
ȻҺܺľǣԷѾ֪һģһʱԹͿԴﵽĿΪʲôҪһȷǼأ
Ҳ˵ҪﵽĿӦһЩģ˵ҵ׿˵Լʱֻ˵ҪĴ۷ǳ󣬴ֻԼΣԲóóȻԡ
Կ϶ǣԺ˭Ҷܸ߶Է֣һᰲȫһЩ
˵üͷʱ𣿲ҲͿδʱʱҲпܡ
ڴüͷʱҲʼЩʶӱ߿ȥϾҲֻж¥ȥҲʲô£СʱӿδӶ¥ȥ
ҪǱȻ̫϶ǲֽţҾԲȥðǸգҿԿ϶ԼܵĻֻһΣղסĻҿܾܲˡ
ʱȻ˵ȻȰˣȻǾߣЩΣա
ҵ˵ͷԣ
ʵѾӿˣһʱ򣬻ܲɡ
Ҳ̫ȷǰĴ󵽵ǲģһ£ԼĶ͵͵İֻػˣȻֻó£˵Ҫȷһ°ɣףֻûˣֻҴ绰
һʶȥԼĿڴһһףСĿ˵Լֻզġ
һȷǰ϶ǼٵˣҾͼ˵Ǿ˰ɣŪţ㡣
Ҳֻˡ˵ͷȻʹԼĶͳһֽҿ£ֽдһЩҿ֣Ȼִӻܱͳһͭڵϣָ֪ʲô
ʱѾߵԱˣǰдʵĴ֪ʱѾܹܵѻˣҾȥƿһ㴰ʱǷǳŵġ
¿ӷ̫󾪶˴󣬺Ȼûסӵƺܲһ£ֻһϸ΢⻹ýǸλþʲôġ
һȷҲ֪ɰڴһˣ̵ƿһ㴰ֱһƣ˳¥ȥ
صʱҿܣһƬǿȷǺԺΪҸղǴǰŽģȥһҲ٣ҸղŴķ淢ġ
ҲһͷȥֱȾܡ
ܵԺǽǣһץ˾ʹӺԺǽϷ˳ȥȥҲҴ⣬ƴĳȥ
ͣĴӴҲ٣ʲô
Ҳһش·ˣһֱͷǰܣҾпǻҶûܵô
һҲûдˣɻǲҼͷǳǰȥ
ž͸оЩԾˣΪҷԼŲ·һܣȻܵһԼ֪·һǲֻͣҧƴĳǰܡ
һˣҲķֲԾˣΪҷܵ·ԽԽϤȴ˿ûΪʶ·˿־С
ΪҷԼţȻܵߵ·ˣղҺţʮǴ·ġ
òǽ˰ɣϼҵ˵ǽʱǧҪţԽԽҲ·ʱӦͣȷ·ߡ
ͣ˭֪ûж׷ңղ¥һҶǵ㲻ͣҪһͷȻһͷ϶ͻᷢһЩ¡
ҪǰߣܻȥһҧԼǻͷɣǰܸ°
Ҵͷȥû׷ʱһǺ㲻ĻͱͷҲ·ұߡ
һһ£ɡҼҵǹ﷢ġ


13 ĸ־ٶ
Ҹͷȥҿ˵ҪͷҶҶãֻҪҵľͿˡ
㵽˭ʵ̲סʳԼ⣬췢ߵʵ̫ˣൽȫûа취ܵĳ̶ȡ
Ժ֪ġ˶٣˵벹ʧȥЩٵĻȥɶʮҸˣġ
䣬Ϳ˵ˣߣٲ߾߲ˣ
˵꣬ҾӱǸһޱȼĹҽУҹԵޱȵˡ
Ҵһ£æָʾԼұȥұһƬӲݵأղŲȽȥʱҲ֪ȵʲô࣬ճĺܶģǿŶƴĳǰȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãֻǵܵһʮ·ں󣬾ʵܲˣǻһ⸽֪˱Ƚٵĵطˣĥô˿϶򲻵ˡ
ŵʱһˣҸϽ˳⳵ȥˣȥ͸оһ鷢е࣬ʱҾһ˵զô䡣
յ̫ˡĸЦЦȻְѿյˣź˲١
һ·Ҷû͵ĸ˵ĸȴʱʱ鳵ӵĺӾҾͿ˵ɶأ
ĸЦЦ˵û£ЩΪɶô˻ͣһżӣǲˡ
Ҿ˵ɲͷǿ̫ˣղŲ㱻׷ˡ
ĸͿ˵Ҳǣ⻹ŮѵģҹĵȷҪСĵ㡣
ʲôŮѣһ£ѯʵ
ĸЦˣǸģղŻͣģ漦͹үǣ¾Ȼ뵽ԼŮߣǰЩиˣҲǹֱӰԼŮˣԸˣʱҿ·ʱŮĿͷš
ʲô
һ£ϻιˣ
һ⳵ĸģ
ʱɰŵòᣬ֪զģԭоЩůĳҸоģһܸоԼıʲôڿԼ
ҾǲһͷҾǿЦſ˵ʲôŮѰֻһ
ǸŮ𣿡ĸ˵Żתͷ£һ£˵֣ղһվӺ汧ԴأͦģһֱźӾզһת۾Ͳˡ
һŵòУ⳵ĸ˵ģղϳ϶ʲôһҵͷʱŰˣ֮ǰţʮ˵ģﶼܿԭͣͿ˵Ӿ￴ܿ
ĸʱҲʶԾˣ˵ɶҲϿˣҲͣҶȥһֱſ
ҲŻˣһ·ץԼ֡
ò׵ҼˣĸһֱͣӴ򿪳ܣӶҪˣһˣҲϽ򿪳ܡ
ȻҾļͦΣյģȻҪȥɶˣûǮ϶ǲеģһܵԼһٶóóȥ깫˾ԼȥһΰЩǮȫŽ
ǮҲѾˣٶһҲûɶ
ǮҾͳ¥ȥһϴԡģȥСʱ裬ȺʵûˣȥŶȹһϡ
ڶһ磬ֱӾŰȥǮˣǮʱǸԱҵıжྫˣҹƵʱҪǿϵĻֱӰˡ
ǮȥŽһȥɶĻƱϽ򳵳Żˡ
ڵû·ˣѹ֪ߵʲôĻǼٵģΨһǸŮ˺˵ģȥɶʮҸˡ
оҡ
˵ڵǲκ˵ģ֪ΪʲôǸŮ˵Ļʶľѡš
˻˼ҿϵ»˵㶫Ͱ˳˻ǻˣɻʱﻹţһһЩණϷɻˣҿǱ׽ˡ
ֺ֮һֱɻ䣬ź˲٣ĥųɶǶжξģɻҪСʱණʱӦǸ˰ɡ
Ȼʿ͵ĸ˵˾ȥʮ꣬Ÿоһӿͷ
ӸտһҲоԼЩԾʮȻҲ̫˽⣬ӦҲһɣһôӦôȥǸ˰
ʱĸҲ˵ǣĿӦòĴߵ˰ɣȥʮݣ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ȥҸˡ
ݰҲʮģ˭ҿʶĸĿ˵
ҾͿ˵ʶ𣿡
¾磿ĸһ£Ȼֱͣҿ˵ȥ
ɶұĸһӸŪԺˡ
ȥٲȥұ˰ĸıЩ֣ô˵أһļɵͺǸ˵¾ֲܿӡ
Ҿˣ˵˵ǣǰŴŵˣҷȥզ죬ҪɣٸٿǮ
ûãȥĸһ˿׺вĸоƺҪȥҪõˡ
ҼЩԾæ³ˣһ³ûҹسأĸֱӿųˡ
Ҿ˹ˣʲôզ˵߾أ
ܿҲʶˣ֮ǰĸһֱͦģ죬˵ֵʱ˵ͷ
Ҳ˵Ǹ⡣
ʲôǲ϶⣬Ȼһ֣Ǯ׬ˡ
Ҹһ£Ǿ˵ʱ򣬵ĸ˵˾¾磬Ǹ¾ӦþҪҵˡ
һզúõȡְ


14 Ÿ
·ߵ˺þòҵһƴҲȥʮģһҪȥʮ꣬ĸϾȤˣȥʮ
ʱҲѧˣ˵Լȥˣ֪ʲôȱ£ĸһ־ͷš
ҾͺгһһгʱһԼ顣
˵ʵ췢ߵʵ̫ˣൽֻܹƣڱвȥ˼һЩ⡣
ˣһҲʼðˡ
ҿԿ϶ţʮǶҲģؼţ˵ҵʲôĽɫΪʲôҪȥǼֲأ
Ͼٶͼġ
ȻǴû뵽ԼһͬѧƺͦЩģǰҾ˳ɾǸ֮Ĵڡ
˵ʵܹϵĵĺֻдˣǸٵĴ龰ָҵǰҲҿ϶ʱǰǲĴ
ҲΪʲôҳ˱ûϵԭ
ȻǸҵ˾˭ƺǸʬˣ㣬Щǧ˿ƵĹϵ
Ǹڳ⳵ϱԴණʲôĸ˵ģĳ⳵Ҳ˵ǰҵģ
ţˣǸ¥ɡŮˣ󣬼ٴҪˣʬ㣬ǾеŮЩɫ֮Ĺϵʲôأ
ЩЩĥ塣
Ȼǻﲻɢһǣ֮ǰǸ¥ļٴ˵ĻǲģԵЩ飬ĵĻЩˡ
˵ʵڷЩ֮ǰһֱԼһͨˣǸٴ˵ģƺ⼸˶ΧΧߵġ
Ҳ˵һ첻Щ绹ҵġ
ؼǣٴ˵Ļģô˵ҵٲˣƺûмҪˡ
ؼģҲΪʲôǸŮ˵Ծҵʱһ޷˵ѡ
Ϊûѡˡ
ڳϰҲûʲôԼԼŪøˣҲȥˣǸ˿һȥ
˰Сʱ³ʱǸǻҸֻ룬˵¿ϵԵ
ĥų⣬ʶˣ·ҲûܾͽӹƬԼŸڴϷ
˵ʵһҲˣôһطҸ˱׬һ򶼻ҪѣǸŮҲûҸϵر𱻶
ܿҾ뵽ղ˵֣Ǹ⳵˾ֵľٶĥʮӦͦģҸʣ˵ʳʲô
Ҿ⸽˸ֳģ⼸ľҲһᾭ飬ǾÿطϢͨľЩŽͨطܵ˾
ֳҾͶֳ˾˵ǣʶݣûҵҵַ
ԭ¾ݰ֪ˣҴȥɡֵϾͿ˵
һͦģν֪֪ˣսҾĥҵ֮ǰȷӦõúúõ˽һ¡
ҾͿ˵ֵܣ⣬һֱ˵ʲô¾磬ɶ𣿡
ûȡһţͽ¾硣ֵĻͦĵģңҲģͼҳš
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16 ˱
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ΪҷǾȻĳһƬɽֵߣóֻ붨λһ¿ԼʲôطҸóͷûźš
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˱壿εĿĵأǸ¾˵˶˵Ĵӡ


17 置
ǰӵɭ֣Ҳ˲ϾҴûŪҰӪΨһһҰӪǸʱΣȥѧУɽ
ѧУɽǰһ۸ߵɭѹûȣ˭֪ɭʲôһСľûˣο˵ģǻȥһֹĴӣȻɭֻǱȽϰȫĵطˡ
ȥ˱ǲֹȥָܻ٣ڽȥǰʳһֱŵ⡣
ô˵Ŀǰԣָõĵطǰ˱ˣΪʲôȥָܻһ㣬Ҳܸ㣬Щڲ⣬ֲҵͽܣҲܸ㡣¾ĵĿڽһ¡
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˵óϵϣ¾ҲӰóұһ¾֪ЩǸõˣҪûЩӣɢɡ
߰ɣŪ󣬸ָֻԭı飬ǰţæϣ¾
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˲аСʱɣǰŨˣĸˣҪӸţڿ϶·ˡ
ʱҲ˵Ѿ߹ЩԹˣȴû뵽˱ĶھʮĳȻѾ̶ֳȣһεȷΣˡ
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Ҳ֪ʲôУȻɢһ˿âޱۣҸ;ӡǣ˰СʱȻ߳ˣһ·Ҳûвȵը
غǼ˶ЩˣңоԼĽ϶ˮˣҲͱ˴һƵã۵ûš
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´ЬԭϽŵЬҲԵЩ
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һȻҪˣҲֲģϾôˣϢһȻҪˣղŸ˵ģҹĻ֮ǰҪǲǸʲô̫ĵطǼҪ
ͿͣˣʶĿʵզͣˡ
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ʬĶȴըˣصĳ࣬˰ɫɫЩȥֱ˳
һԵĸ񿴵ĲʬһȥֻСʱҲ˵ǰĵطһˣ˵һˣоһƵģʬ״Ӧþϵġ
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ֻһɶ˵ǲͦõطôΣգһʱȡ費͵ˡ
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ɵҲУ˭֪ɻǱɣ޵éɽ˵һ˵ģҲпܻᶯ֣ѵ֪ӶЩж𣿡ʱֻΨһĽҡ
ѵҪ
Ҳ˵ӣԷӦƵģȺ置˴ǵ˵ԷҪð˱ЩԹĹء¾翪˵
ͦߵġ˵ͷ׼һ°ɣһʱΣˣҲùһЩ
˵ҲǶըʬ壬ǰţֻ֪ǰи֪ĵڵǺ󣬶ԭվͱȽϳأôһ͸ˡ
ҴֳĬʱΧŨкȻһӤУֻԶŨУԵޱȵĹ졣


18 ̫
¾һɫͱˣʶǸ˼˵Ǻڽ
۾һſ˵ȷǺڽӦǸղž˷ŵġ
һһڽҲĺڽǸʲôϽʵڽǸʲô
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һҲЩţϾƳİ
ʱ¾Ҳ˵ǿ˵õģֵֹĽңЩ߰ʬɵ֡
ԭ羹Ȼ֣Щμɮɮнӡ
˵ͷָֻԭӣǰȥ߰ɣ置ǰĹҵֵЩ⣬һڽסǡ
һҾ͸оȻ˸һ㣬ʵ϶еģ˼ǣ置ǰĹҲֻЩ⣬û⡣
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ֱӰһۣҳȥ¾Ц
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ʱȻͣ˵̫ˣ
Ҳ֪ʲôԭڸ˵仰ʱߵŨҲȥ˲٣ǰҲ˲١
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֮ǰڲˣԽ̫ϢĻҿ϶ܿģ֪̫滹иܻܿҪĴںҷЩҽȥˡ
˭֪ʲôڵҰҿɻǵøղ濴Ǿʬ壬Ӷըˣȫôһֱɱˡ


19 
Һ͸˶ԭأ¾Ҳ˵ʲôأֱӽȥ͵ˣѵǰʱɽҰĹ𣿷Ըȥʹ죬ҲһЩ
۾֪ʲô˵ͷ˵˵ûȥɡ
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ԭΪ̫һΰĹ֮ĴڣϾ֣𹬵һ㣬ȻӦòȥ
ߵ̫ſڵʱҾˣѹһСɽҪһ̫֣һ治ν̫
ߵ̫ſڣסǣԼǿڽγˣҵһμ񵽸νĽʹͳϵĽһһСؽڵĽ˽ɫƣҲ¾Ŀе֪ڽǺʱİ溺ɱǿǽΪԵһ״
еǿڰ溺ֽ֮ΪԵĴڣ¾绹ɷµ˵ǰɴľڽ
ʱ˺ǲţȴҲΪģΪһΰ˱֮Уûиеڰ溺˵ʵûпܻдƪ
ڳ뷹Уеǿڽ𺺽ǰһģҲΪˣҲܿڽ𺺽ٻһʱ䣬ʱˡ
ڸν¾ҲӣԼȱ߰γһѾ̣ҼǶŪˣҲԼī˽𹳰γˡ
ҵһϵóī˽𹳣ֻоһɺϤϢ͸еī˽𹳴ҵģͺԼŵԼļһġ
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23 
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24 
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תͷѧ˵ЩѣʬҪҪȥ
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25 
ܿ죬ҾҡҡԼԴʱˣ˼ʲô԰ԼܲܳطǸ⣬Ҳûԣֳֻ̽ȥĳ·ˡ
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ʱҷҺȻ˵ȵȣǺˡ
ˣһ£˵ҶһԼ֡
ܿ죬һ˾ͿʼԼ֣ҷңѧС֣ȣȻûˡ
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Ҳ˵εͶƱУѾˣطһʧ٣û˾Ԯֺԣ
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˵ֱ꣬ӱϵİ˼


26 
ҷٶ֮ҿȺСһ£Ҳɿ֣ʧȥ˵֧֣ҵһӲˣ㱻ѧȥ
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Ȼҵ͹һ֮ѧץסҵ֣ȻҸѲ
ѣѧҲһ˿ôܣĺˣһһģį·ҲǺõģ
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ѧΪֱϣĲҽʧȥҵ˶ء
͵תͷһץһѽѪİ溺ץһͷվҵߡ
ͷַͷ͵ؽͷһᣬȽ׼ڴˣ˭Σ
ΧЩֽ˷һҾ徵İȻˮһ㻩ĳźȥ
˵˲䣬ҵۿˣ֪Ϊʲôرޡ
Ǹ硣



27 ڰ
ǶҲû֮ǰˣеֻһҹһأһͷǱںڰ֮еҰһ㣬Σն䡣
Щֽȫȥ֮󣬸תͷһۣŵͷҶ˹˵ûдûͱɽûʵװʲôӢۣ
죬뷴Щʲôָ˵ĸûʲôûʵžˣǺͺʲô
ʵҲ˵һ㣬иʵһθĽ
һ׺Ҿ͸оԼؿƵòУһΪԼʵµµģһΪܱѣһ棬һʼѵ꣬ȫΣյʱҡ
رܡ
Ժ鲻ҪǿͷֹطԼܹѾ챣ˡܷĶ˵˺ü仰
ҵ˵ͷ黹ǺᣬʱҺȻʲô˵Ǹղ˵ģһҲΪģһѵһʶ˲ɣһ˭
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״ر֣ô˵أǳңëƺŴ²ĺɫϸףȻһЩǳɫЩɫϸȥһܿһָͷֵıǿðͷ˻ȥ
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Ȼô˵ˣһǸоЩ䣬ǰ״žǱЩֽ˸Ҳ


28 磬
Ҳע⵽ҵı鲻̫ԾӿڴóһɫƿӶң˵ҩϣһĹƳ治ҽӽ㡣
æӹ綪ƿӣһҩԼϣҩ۴һζͺͷƨƵá
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ˣҸϽͷȥȴʲôûС
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ȻҺܺΪʲôôߣҲʲΪһ̲סǴŨȳζĹ³
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֮ǰĶԻҲ֪ˣƬطµĴھǰ˱壬Ȼ֪˱ʲôȻ¾˶ŪôţȻһΣյĵط
ֻһˣ˵ǼֱڳԵʱҵĵһӦվȥҸ磬룬Ȼһ˷طȻطǰȫģ˵ΣգҳȥĻǿ϶ҪΣա
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ԼһطЩµĻţҸϽóԽҪʸ羿ǸȥˣҸմ򿪣ֶԽ滹ִͨˡ
ҲˣȻ֪ΪʲôԽʲôĶʧȥãǼѧʱ򣬾ͷ˲룬ӦණźʲôĶиŰɡ
һ뵽⣬ҸϽѶԽˣϵ˻ʲôһͨˣǶȴҹ֮ǲˡ
Ҳֻﾲĵȴˡ
ʱһһĹȥܿ죬ɫͰˣСӱûʲô⣬ɫһͿʼЩ谵
ûһ˵ִӣձޱȹ졣
ʱҿſվһƾްСӣʱһΪණϸһСɫ󣬸ǹ¾Ϳʵ˭
ǸСӿң˵磬Ⱦң
һ£ʶҪܳȥǱʶ滹ǲȥ֪طʲôҿ˵Σգ
ţǸСӵ˵ͷ
սݵһ˲䣬￩һˣ֮ǰҲ֪ڵЩ׷ʲô˼֪ˡ
Ϊҷ֣ǸСӳ߹·ϣûнӡ
͵͵Լ˲Ȱ׷ۣĽӡ󣬸ȷһ¡
磬ְ趼ˣɡʱǸСѾˣЦȴоһɾҵӿ


29 С
ʶ˼ұ㿿ǽģղųǰһ£ˣֱӿǽȥˡ
ǸСӼһϵЦ˲䶨ˣҿ˵磬ΪʲôҪ㰡㲻С𣿡
Ҳֹ֪˵ûʲôɻ䣬Ͼʲôֻѡ˳Ĭû˵
û˵ǸС׵СӾͿʼְ費ҪСˣҲҪСˣС׺üį
С׵Ļ֪ΪʲôҸоرĿ뿪˵Щʲôʱ򣬾ͿǸСĶң˵磬Сòá
˵꣬СԭͮͮձøӺøӵİˣ˫۾ʼúնĺͫ׷·Ҫ˸ȥһ㣬С㿴Ĺ˵ģ֪ûп飬иСӣͺǰС׳һģһ
Сһĳ߹ҸоһϢҵ˹ŵøϽԱʱȻ֮ǰǸʱţʮ˵ģֻҪ۾ⶫֻҪ㿴Ҳǿģ
ϴκڸռʱұ۾Ƕʱ䣬ĿˣȻ֪۾ΣգҪۿСףԻΣա
ҧҧɴһѣ
С׾һĲʱұ۾Ҹձ۾һ˲䣬Сձøӵ
ȻҾС׹ֵںСèèС׻ҵġ
һµĻš
Һ̫أ·оҡ
Ҳ֪˶ãһƬžҶҪֲסʱ򣬺ȻһЦû뵽طȻô˼ˣòʲôɣ
һ£ôڶҰҸ۾Сۣûۡ
û۾ղЦЦĸӵˣ˼˼ʲôʲô˾ȻҲ˱壬˱ΨһڵأطĲãӦʲôһİɣ
˵оݣһ˵Ļһ۾ͿһСҵԴ̽˹ſѪ죬¸¸µĽС
ŵһҽУֱ̱ڵϡ
ˣСףˣɡղǸ˵Ů˵һԴϵСŴҵԴ
ʱҲȷǱˣˣˣҵ˻ǸŮˣ˳С뿪ķһۣҲˡ
ҿʲô˵ĶҿһŰɫ˶ŮˣŮ˳ú־µǴһ˸о񾲵ǸղŮĹֵĻҶĵһӡһɵĴҹ㡣
ֻǲ֪ΪʲôڿŮ˵ʱҸоϤܾ֮ǰ˾ʶˡ
ʵ벻Ů˵׽ʲô֡
ҴסˣŮüë壬ʲôأûŮ̬
Ǳ̬ô˵𣡡ϵ飬ҶԱ̬رУôһ˵ըëˡ
֪ʲôҸղžſǵͳ·ΪλǰأС̽̽·ŮЩĿңתһ£Ȼʲô
ǵСžţȻ˼⻰˵һ룬̽·ôһͷ࣬ʹҪϷˣϷˣҵ̬ҡ
һǴ㷢ģ룬ֲ֪ˣһôΣյĵطţŮ˻ţٿӣӦöܶࡣ
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СС˵һ㣬Ů˺ʶʲôȻЩĿң˵ιͷòҵ֣պɣ
ҲûôġҰСһۣŮ˹Ȼһ͸¶һӵϢ
ðɣ͵ˣҪ뱨ĻҾСҧ㣡СҶݺݵ˵һ䡣
Ҫӡ֤С˵ĻǶԵģվԱߵС׶ҳͣ¶ϸ
ӣ˵˺ˣ֪ˣˣ
ʦ˵ͦģ͹СЩνĿ˵
һˣһ£㵵Ŀ˵Ҫ֪طʹǸָ߹޵ˣоְܼСȻһ˾͹ˣ
ǻҪ˰СߵߣҲע⵽ߣһӣվҵ߱һͷҽҲֻʮꡣ
ףС̧ͷһۣ㻹ͦߵԺͽӺˡ
֪ΪʲôСҴӵһ˲䣬ǹޱϤĸоˣںܾǰҲôйҡ
ҡҡԴôܺʶҪ֪ҴСûʲôŮԵûŮԵѣ˵Ů˻ǵĽҴˡ
С˵꣬ת˼£ڴʲô⣬Ȼ˼һ󣬶ҿ˵ӣòʲôֹİ˱壬ϴҲû˼Ҫǳȥ棿
Ҳ֪Ӧô˵ҴӸղĻҲˣǰ˱ΨһţҲ˵԰ȫøղûгȥҸ硣
ȻôȫҸҪСѾͷȥðհ
СҲȥӣ˫ֲݺݵĿ˵Ҫ㲻һȥҾСҧ㣡
һԵС׹ȻſѪڣҡҡͷܴҧһ⡣


30 ׯ
ҿǰһҾвˣôŰɵСҲһ亹ɬЦЦ˵һѡ𣿡
ҴӦˣСűвȻЦ绨ԼСóһǮҿ˵ӣҲ۸㣬ҳȥһˣһûùǮʦǬԿǮŶϴһݸ̳ʦû
ҽӹСǴǮңЩĿ˵Ǯʲôʲôã
ʲô֪ԺҲӣɵˡСЩɻİһۣȻĽ͵Ǯָ峯˳ΡӺǬ¡ʵ۵ͭǮһǮֻܷСˡаƣʦǮȴԵɷ
ɷҿɻ
㵲ණĹιǮͻմȾ·꣬ˣʱҪôֱӶҪô¿⡣Ǯȥʦصذ׼ģҿһλûùءСǮЩ᲻õӡ
ҿԼöЩͷǮңžȥɷãֹŶӦҲֵǮɣû뵽СȻֻԥһ¾ͶˣѵСѾͷĲ֪նӦ÷˵
һڴϵǮСüͷ˵˵ɵɲ͸ˣκ󣬻ûҡ
˼ĿСѵͲҲǮ
СҳǾΪСǮ᲻øҲ˶ţֲСǮûʦ⣬մ󣬶ֻл
Ҳû˵СҵȷˣǰСȻûһᾭ飬ӣƤˣ׽Ūˣ⼸Ѿȫ֤ˡ
˼СԼǣȻ󿪿˵˵ʱʦ͸
治˼ʱҷթŮĸоˡ
ʲô˼ⶫˣҪǻңҾСҧ㣡СҶݺݵĿ˵
һԵС׼ô˵ˣϽſѪڶ˻˻УȻвѾǳֵ
Ҳ֪СѾͷвˡ
ǮҺСҲЩȻҹİ˱˺ġ
˵ʵʹǮԼϣһЩҳȥ֪ʲôʲôΣհóóȻȥɶ
ҪǲȥﻹиΣյСһҲֻܺռѾͷȥððˣϣɣٻлȥĻᡣ
Ҳ֪ȥˣߵʱҲ˵һ
ȻΣһǺСһ߳С֮Ϊ˱Ψһһŵӡ
߳ȥԸо¶ȱҪ̫ˣСղǴġ
ҵؿھһůӿ˳ȥǸղСҵǮССҲϹġ
ǮȷЩô
ôС̫׵ӣҾҪôóóȻߵĻ£룬ȻְҵֽҺһЩҸϽץһСһ
СҲҵľٶתͷĿһۣлֽˣû뵽ھȻⶫⶫǽʱѾ𣿡
ʲôлֽˣһ¿˵
Ǻö˷ѡС˶٣Ȼ󿪿˵治֪˭ģôⶫǶ˺ĳֽ۳ĺöЩֽʮļ۸ˣο۳лֽˣ֪ôлֽ˵Ļʦ𾪰ɡ
С˵Ҳһ£ΪҴĿе֪ˣϵЩлֽ˾ȻôֵǮΪʲô¾绹ҪҰ
Ҫ֪ҸӶҲֻаʮ򣬶ֻЩֽ˾ѾӶƽˣҸǰʮˣϾС˵ģʦǸݸ̵򶼿ۣȴΪϵлֽ𾪡
лֽʲôðҿѯʵ
ʦ˵ÿһлֽ涼һ꣬лֽ˵ȼĻֳлֽ˵˾ͻʱйɱСЩڵлֽ˺ȫƾɹκΣյĵطЩණĹС˶٣ȻƺҲ˼ֿ˵ͱ˱壬ΣհɣֻҪлֽˣ˱оǵͬ飬ǴӴͷߵββߵͷ㡣
ôЩɻĿ˵޵ˣ
޵лڣϾֻҪЩʬĹ֣ǿԿüģڽǰⶫʵϡУҲʧȥˣԲϡС˵
ԭˡҵ˵ͷȻŷ֣С˵ʱҸ֪䣬Ȼߵһׯſڡ
Ǹƾſڸ߹ŵׯ֣ҲЩΪôôˡ
СֻɨׯһۣȻ󿪿˵ȥɡ
ȥ˵ׯûڿЦҿСһ˿
С˵ͷ˵ʦ˵һ֮ǰڰ˱ˣʱΣգǸѣ԰ǸѸׯһֱڣһֱʵҪҲΪҪʦһæѴȥ
ôˣʦΪʲô֪ΪʲôܾԼ˵⻰ʱ򣬴һ˿ܼȴ˵Ϊʲô


31 ײ
СЩɻĿңƺΪʲôҵôҲĪԼԼԴ˵ǸҲ֪ΪʲôȻˡ
СЦЦҿ챻ŵˣʵʦҲģǣǴε¼У˫ȱ˱Ĺռȥ˫ѾһûˣҪгļʱס
̾һĪĻҲСǾ仰ɢ˲٣ҿɬЦЦ˵ǸҲ֪
û£֮͵͵ʦģҽҲܼ򵥣ʱ򻹵ҰʦѸŪŪСЦš
ҵ˵ͷС飬ô꣬ʦǸͱһѰ׹ˣҿ϶ԱĶ
ţС˵ͷȻԼСóһѻƶһĻһƶȥ
ҽӹЩƶСҲʼׯ߶Ҹоֵǣߵ·ߺ͸е񣬶߰ĲһһңһֺˣϸȥһЩһ˵ﲻֻĪĿС
СһߣһߴԼСóһŻɫķһɫСӶڵϣһׯΧʮŻɫŶ֣˵Խȥˡ
ЩʲôģС˵ЩǸõģׯֳٴĶׯЩණκη֡
ЩƶǶĵ˵ͷҲһׯ
մׯҾ͸еһɺʹؿڵǮֿסҼС˵ģæһЩƶȥ
Ȼһƶůˡ
ʱҲſʼׯģ
һͦƾɵӣյģֻһײķӵм䣬ޱȵĹ죬룬СʦǸӦþײɡ
Ҳ֪ʲôСʦйײģȻûйѸŪȥ
ӺСĺҲʼЩתͷң˵жСһ㣬ǮһҪǿǮĹâ͸ϽЩлֽˣ
ţҼС첻µزµСӶЩˣҲеţϽǮԼؿڵĶóǮҲ֪ô£һ棬Ȼһ㰵Ļɫâ档
ĶϵǮʱСҲİóһСŴ׷ۣҾˣССզɶУ͸AεİٱƵá
ܿ죬ׯĵ϶Ŵ׷ֵۣ鷢ˣԭŴ׷ʲôûеģһطŴ׷ۺҾͿط˽ӡ
͸ղС׵ЩһСҿȴûнӡûʲôȴ˽ӡ
֣Ŵ׷ϼֻܱȳӡ߼
Ҳ˵й졣
ȻණСüͷִԼСóһ֪ʲôҺ壬Һ͸ܷװţںġ
ȻЩ£룬ʦҲԸ⿴Լ˶С۾֪߶Щʲôһ۾ȴһִСѾ۾
СҿһҾͷָղŻЩҵĽӡһ³С˹Сһֱ۾ҸΣˣ˵һ뱻ŵĻԱ۾
Ҹ뿪ʲôʱȴǼӡߵСǰ棬СȴһѾˣȴҵӡ
ҶͷˣСǲһȻԼǰںĶһ򿪣ֱ˳ȥ
Ҹе鷢ˣȥĺɫҺƺʲôϣܹռ˺ɫҺӰմ˺ɫҺĵطͣðŰ̡
ҿӰʼĴܶѩ׵Ŵ׷Ū˴ѪĽӡƾɵӣǽڣ컨ϣѪɫӡ
˼ĲҽܵʲôĴһ
Сʱ۾۾һ˲䣬СɫòҰײҰ׵ģһŰֽ
æߵСǰ뿪˵ЩʲôСȴָԼ촽ϣȻҡҡͷʾҲҪ˵
ʲôɻ䡣
ҵ˵ͷ
ΧѪӡӡԽԽ࣬ͦӿӵˣǲҽҲԽԽʧӰ١
ڲҽʧС̲ס̱ڵϣҸϽȥСŷֱĿ¡
ûҿѯʵ
СЩҡҡͷ˵ղЩЩǱһ£Ϣһ¾Ϳˡ
ҵ˵ͷСߣ˲пСʱ˰ɣɫѾȫðȥˣҾСЩС۾ˡ
С۾һ˲䣬Ϳ˵ղҵľٶ˻ϢĹʮӾҪˣǸϽŹǴߣȥӦûһ
ҵ˵ͷ֪ЩȣϽվʼǸײİ塣
˵ʵҵСǹײİҲ֪ʲôģһ¾ȻƲҧҧþ̵Եİѹײİƿһ㡣
СҲЩеҲһײİ
ܿ죬˵ĺ֮£ײİ屻Ǹƿˣƿײİһ˲䣬ҺС˶ˡ
Ϊײŵģһ߿ݹǣһˣɫ԰ײǻˣΪ˻š
Ȼ⻹ҪģҪǡ
ˣüȻһģһ


32 
ϸĿ˹ײǸ˵ӣȷĺҳһģһӲҪ˵ﲻһĻǾǹײˣҪһ㣬ӦǱҴӡ
ҹײŵ˴һɫװȻ۾ˣȴ͸¶һɲŭĸо˶ʮ˸ӵеġ
ɣٻ꣬Ӧþͺǰ˳һģһˡ
Ҽǵҿһ飬Ȿһ仰־˵ֲ鲻һ죬·ϿһúԼһģһˡ
ڣҾãֲ鲻·ϿһԼһģһˣڹײ濴һԼһģһˣûѾˣͺԼһ
ôһ˲䣬ΪҾǹײǸˣײվŵģһˡ
ҸоԼ궼Ҫһ
⣬ô£ôŵ˺ɵ㳤һģһСҡ
ҵĺȫ亹ҲСҵĻһᷢʲô顣
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪
ĸòְְɡС˵꣬ҡҡͷܰʦʮǰģӣӦʮ£Ҫʮˣүүˡ
ѵүүСһ£ҡҡͷҲܰҲ̫һɣүүҲô񣬼ֱһģ̳ġ
ҲһѺ˵үүҰֶš
Ǿˣ˭Сʵ
ô֪ҾԼȥҳһģһʬ壬ȻС˵ô죬ӣƺβ࣬ҿɱ
Сüͷ˵ҿܲС׸ȥߡ
֮ǰôû뵽취ҪҹûĿ˵
֮ǰΪһ߿ݹǣݹǵĻСϲ֪ʬ屣ôãⶼʮˣͺûһСûĿ˵һ¡
Ȼһģ꣬С׾ͺȻߣСС׿˵Сףȥ
С׵˵ͷնǰ߳úһģһʬ֣ͿһɻƹʬɢС׵Ϸܿͱƹʴ
СףСϽ˵
СҲŵòᣬҽŰԼָ˻ԭѾ˵ֺܿͻָˣֻ忴ɫ˺ܶ࣬͸һЩ
вСС˾죬ЩεİСջԼ档
Ҹ뿪СӦô죬ͿСɫ˲ò԰ˣǳȥˡ
ʲô㲻˵ʮӹڲŹӰæ˵
ǹеô죬ô졭СЩˣͣĿҡ
ҵʱ͸оԼ˹ˣǵͳ˰㶼֪Ӧô죬һͨô֪
ʱ⴫һѻУڿԣֵ֮ĲС
⵽ʱҲŵһŨѪζƮ˽
ǰСѾŵòУĴתȦͷö˸оȫס
ʱҺȻԼϻЩлֽˣϽС˵˵лֽù𣿡
԰ɡСһѺ
ҸϽԼóʣлֽˣһæóһ˵Ҳ֣Ҹհлֽ˸ţΧѪ͵˲١
СãɫҲ˺ܶ࣬Ҳʼ
ʼԼİͳһ
һֽӣһͭ壬һȻһƴСľһԲε壬һղȥĺںҺ塣
СһţһЩûðҵĵûʲôġ
ҵʱ͸о̫ˣȻ֪Լ򲻹ҪԺпٹԲʦںˣģҲҪˡ
ʱҿӵŲ֪ʲôһ£Ƶһš
С˵ˣſڣ
ҵҲ˲ҷԼԭյֽ֮ͦ󣬻˲ŲʮӣͰʣһˡ
ҸϽָһ
ʱűƿˣƿ˲䣬Ҳ³ˣΪ˵վŵǸʲôǸǿεĶϿܶĲ壬˵ͷ­è߰񣬻һЩĲ֮֫һЩ߰Ķһ˵״
ӦþС˵Ǹˡ
Ÿձ򿪵ʱһŨĶѪζƮҵıҲŻҪСٵİҵ͸סҿ϶Ū
ǸڽŵʱҿϵЩͷ­ȫ۾Ĵתڿʲô
һĻҵͷƤѾҪըˡ
ϵֽյԽԽ죬յȼֽˣʮӲֿˡ
ҸϽָһôȥҹƲʮӾˣʱĻ췦ˣ
ֻϣʱ뿪ׯȻһԴСһصŵǸ䡣
ȻͬôãȻֱ߽ӣҿϵЩͷ­ȫſ죬һǹŹֵĺϳ
ˣŵ˵ζҸоСôȴˣ
˵꣬ǹʲôǹŹֵ˵
ԣҸоˣ˻ֻǲ֪ʲô취ҡ
ҵһ


33 éɽ
˵껰ȼյֽ˼ȻּӿһЩԭһֽ˿ʮңڼȻӾѾˡ
һæҵֽˣһţڵֽȼյٶȣʮӲʱ䣬Ҿͻᱩ¶ǰ
һ뵽ҾʶԲᰲȫϾǸѾ֪ˣԲ뿪ǿǣҲѡá
˶ֻһ
һѡԼĻ
ҵԴһӱҿһߵСڵдһһȥע⣬ЩֽţһҪŻȥ
С˵Ļ󣬱鶼ˣҪ˵ʲôȴǶҡҡͷڵдţʵΪûжÿԻˣ֮ǰܾһŮҲҵˡ
д꣬ҶСЦЦʾʲô︺
׼С˵һ䣬ȻֽŰһʹСˣҲӦһʱ仺塣
ʱվſڵĹ˲ûǵٴ˭
ܣҴĺһ䣬ץղСڵϵĺɫҺֱӳŹȥ
ղСⶫɱͷģҲ˵ⶫɱǰĹҲһЩ飬Сܵ
ô㣡ܣԤ֮ǣڿҾȻûжҷޱȿ־˵һ仰
ʱҿСȻԭأֽ˶ˣһɻðˣѾͷɱʱӰҺòһἺΪ˵˼ͲҪҿ˰
Ÿܰŭһ䣬ʱҲѾܵǰˣǹŨĶζžҲޱȵŨ
ҿ˹۾ңҸоԼë׶Ҫĵըˣ
ѸٵĴŵҺ壬ֱһ˹ϣҺ͹һڣѸٵķ͵ֱð
һʹ˻ڹѪ㲻Ӧ֪ڹѪⶫҸоһ㣬һöûã
˵ֱһƳץ˹Ҫ㿪ܿͱһƸˣֻоʲô˵˳ԼǱһ󿨳ײһ˶˳ȥ
Ҳ֪ײʲôֻоԼĺ˺һʹòǿŴӵԼϵǮѾȫˣöǮҲżѷ졣
ղӦþǮģղǮ˵Ѿˡ
ʱҼСûܣͷҲһƴƴΪʲôڵãǱɵ
ûĺһ䣬ܰʲô
ʱҲ˹ߺߣΪһϵΪ滹һˣɢܣ
ҿ߹ˣſǶολҲ˳Ҳһɣ֪СѡܵĻ϶лܵģ
ȻʱСҲӵվ
վˣһʯͷҲ˵أԣʱӦѡߣõĴ𰸲
ֻǲ֪Ϊʲôҵȴеᡣ
ôһط¶ȥͺڹײλһ
ԼⱲӣҲҡ
ʧܣʧܶա
ѧҵҲʧܣеʱǼ˸ֻ棬ķѧҵֻһѧ
ҵҲͬʧܣɣôƽƽĻȥӦǸСλһֱǧǮĹһֱɡ
ֱҷԼȻûиԼũĸĸǮңȴ϶ʮʧɣ
ҲգҵĻţСһȥ
ǲ֪Ժĳ죬᲻ｫҵʬȥ
ʱѾ˹ܹЩͷ­˷ܵĲںҹбŷɫĹâֲ
ΪСѡܵʱȴһڵϵǰСľʱϵֽѾˣԭѾߵǰĹһ£Ȼˣ
ԣôЩֵĿСƺʲô˵Ķ
ܣܣѵûޱȿ־Ŀңƺһʲôһ
׽͸Ϊʲôֱ¹˵ĺľٶ
ĥ͸ССѾߵģʱȴľ۾վԭء
ֻ۾ͣ߶ſ㣬㣬㣡
ɫԽԽף󾪿ֵ۾ôܣȻھܾң
˵꣬СҧҧȻéУҾé
ҿСдһ˿񣬵ʱ;òԾˣѹûҪܣҪǰս
СӣɵܣСԴ򲻹ǰȻղŲֵô־壡
ȴҧҪƴһѣԼлȥĻᣡ
ʱҵ۾ˣҶɵµСںߣߣɵĴ㲻ֵģ
Сƺҵһ㣬ֱӻƣѪҺһĵڵϣȻۡ
֪ΪʲôҼ۵˲䣬ȻվǰĻСȴޱȿ϶Բ
һޱϤĸоӿͷںܾǰʶڵСһ
ʱҲлָˣéɽԭˣԭˣѾˣڵ㣬ֻһƲл꣡
һƲлҲ㹻Ĩˣ
СϵѪҺѾǰľȾ죬ֻǳ߿һۣҾϵЩͷ­˿־ļС


34 ͻ¼
һĻԭѾ˵ңʱҲԭˣô¡
С˵Ǿ仰Ҳʼŭôܣôӵ̶ֳȵ
СŹ˵һ󣬾ԹԵߵ˹ײĵǰ棬ŹײǸúһģһʬ壬¶һޱȾϢ
֪ΪʲôҼȻ񿴶˹Щͷ­ô˵أǺһȻԥ
Сƺһ㣬ֻŹײǸѾȴûиõʬգˮľԽԽŨ
ɣײǸˣǰӦڡСˣֻ˵ʲôر׽˰ɡ
ھһԥ֮󣬷һǲʵЩͷ­ڲĽлš
һ˳ȥʧҹɫС
˵˲䣬ϵһӶˣ˼ֲס̱ڵϣȫ亹ʱղű˦һµʹҲӿͷ
̲סʹҵһǰΪٶޱȹС˵˭
ϾȻСѾͷһЩһڼ̵ʱڽһħһ鲻Խͻ׽֮˵ħ
СѯˣЦһӦȥˣһ鷳㽫ҪСѾͷȥ
ȥҿѯʵѵһСô
СƺҲеɻһ㣬ͺ͵ҸһֻϣһΣǻǹĸҸɡ
ʲô˼ԼԼ˵ʲôȴֺ˵Ӷġ
СȴҡҡͷӦ֪ʱͻ֪ģ֪̫磬ֻ㲻Ҵڵʱ䲻̫ãղҰѹˣ֤Ỻһߵʱ򣬼ǵãһҪߣȻȥɳ
ɳȥɳæѯʣɳô֪Ӧȥﰡ
סˣҲҪȥʱСѾȥײǾʬˣҲֱشҵ⣬תͷЦУһ㡣
Ŵ˿СЦݣ֪ΪʲôҾ͸оͦܵģЦĿޡ
˵Ǿ仰ҿСһӱһ㣬̱æ˹ȥȥʱ˳ƳŹײǾߺҳһģһʬһۡ
ɻǰ㰲ȵı۾·˯ȥһ
֪ط϶ܾϾղС˵ˣֻǰѹˣвĿֲڣɻǻţ
æСղŷڵϵĶʰǸС棬ȻѾ̱ڵϵСԼıϡ
СڱȽϽС֣ͦᣬȻѾܵشҿ϶
մţҾͱǰһĻŵˣΪҿмũ˵ЦĴҵǰ˹ȥ
ˣ
ܿ죬Ҿע⵽ԾˣΪ⼸ƺһȻô߹ȥˡ
ע⵽һ㣬¹µǣûӰӣ
Ҳ˵Щǻˣ
㲻ǻˣôң֮ǰľ飬һ㶼ҿЩණЩණҲῴҵİ
ҺȻ֮ǰСڽ֮ǰЩٶ˵Щ꣬ʲô涼ණע⵽
ѵЩá
ҪǳķΧһ᲻ᱻЩණ
ѵҪұ۾߻ȥȻܰҪǱ۾ôҵ·
Σطǲܴˣ֪ǸʲôʱҲ˵ʱ
ҺȻ֮ǰЩлֽˣҲֻܶһˣ
ҴӿڴͳղʰлֽˣһҧС߳˷Χ
֪ǲҵĴ߳Χ˲䣬ʲôסˣͺʲôһֱҵĺһëȻĸоҴһ
תͷ£Լûʲôתͷʱǹɱס˵ĸоҲʧˡ
»ͷʱǸоֻˡ
ͺҵĺһ
ҧҧҲܺʲôˣҪٲ뿪طɾҪˣ
ҸϽСһлֽˣһ߳ڵȥ
һ·߹ҿ˲ˣЩ¹¶ûӰӵģھǵʱǶ˼תͷһۣȻתͷȥߡ
ÿһˣҵĶᵨսľһ¡
ȴ˼һ⣬Щ˵ľٶƺţһʼԼŵľٶ
ʲôڱһֱĬĬĲһһ
ҡҡͷԼ߰뷨˭ôͨܿôණһôģΪԼš
ò׻صλõʱ򣬺Ȼһ磬ȼŵֽ˼ȻϨˣ
ﰵã
ɫձͬʱܵļԭ˵ЦĹ͵תͷĶҡ
񣬺ڶʲôɿڵʳһ
ã
ҲʲôлֽˣѾߵŵſˣ˷ʱȥ㣬ֱܽȥ
ԭ˵ĴʱȫħƵãɫò԰ף˫Ҳ͹˳һԭŵĽŲʱҲȫ
ԭſұϵСȻҵĶ䴵һġ
ҵˣСر֣䣬һ鲨ޱȿն
֪ûùȸǸܣС˵ͷ·ֵӺϳһ㣡
С˵仰󣬺ȻЦסҵĲӡ


35 
СһҲ㱻ðιȥˣʱҪٲСĻҾǸɵˡ
ʱҿΧЩѾע⵽ˣȥҪˣҲԼסˣǿһ档
ڳȥ󣬺ʲôСϱȥһ㣬СסҲӵҲ˿ǿԴϴʸУĽСҵϷ
ŲͣĴû뵽żȻܰѾĶȥøղûԭغǸСϵĹȻھ㲻ǹҲҪǼĴŪ
ˣ
ҸϽſڿȥǼǵĴʱҲҿ˹ߵĿӣҲɵôһ
ǸͲӦе
ǺڼɵʲôһߵſڣתȦȻתȥˡ
뿪ǿиϽߵСɫѾҰ׵ĺֽһԭ촽ʱҲһ˿̬Ĳ԰ףҿӺ䣬ͣڶ¡
ʹҲһϵĶҲ֪СڵԲֹۡ
ڵҶȫ޲ߣֻܺȹϵһż
ʱҺȻ˵ԽأҸϽ˶Խ˼°ťͼϵ¾硣
طһֱûźŵĶԽʱȻͨˣͨͬʱιһ䡣
˶ԽǱߴȻǸһ١
Ҵû籬ֿڣǵһΡ
ʱҲоͦģȻԽǱ߾ʹ¾ȥСʲôأҲһͳɹˣڱ㺦ˣ˸ҵţһȥһҪŪ㣡
˵Խǵһ͹ˡ
ЩĿǰĶԽѾʶҺʲô¸¾˹һˡ
ҲѹԸıƸ̲סһ١
ǵûʲô󰭣һûΣա
ǵ˼ӦҪˣҿڵϲͣСϣ¾͸ʲô취Ⱦɡ
ţȻ䣬ҿԱٿԸһů
룬Ůܲףʱռ˼ұ˰
Ҹ뵽һʱһֱǲͣСȻһѪȻͺʧȥ֪һҲˣ޷Ӧ˵ϡ
ʱɰŵòᣬΪأϽȥ̽̽ıϢȻûж̣һ
ĥŹӦûůһ㣬ȥŸˡ
ҲʲôŮܲˣֱӽϵСԼĻ棬ձסҲ̲ס˸СͺǱһоԼϵ¶ȶ챻ˡ
˵ʵССѾͷͦСģӦôĵطȴһҲղűʱѾоˣڱָоˡ
˲ӰɣһһΪʲôණŸأæתͷȥͿһ㵵¾硣
¾㵵ĿһСͺǼ˹һܹпһ˿η壬Ȼҡҡͷǰʲô˼Լ˦ȥһ˵аСӣطҵӣ
ҿʲô¾磬Ҳȥʲôæ˵¾磬첻ˡ
¾ʱҲע⵽ʲôԼİǱһͳ˹һС̾һ֪ЩʲôܿصĿ˵й¶Ѫ㣬֮ǰʲôһһʮĶҡ
æ֮ǰһĸׯǾߺҳһģһʬ壬˵СóǸéɽʱ¾翪˵ééҲѹ־Ѫ㣬ֻ˼Ǹϵˣûж⣬ӦòûзôҲй¶ô
ע⵽¾ɫܲԾ磬ǹŲʱҲЩ֡
ͺǷʲôҪ飬ȥһ
ҰѸղߵſڣȻСʲô˵˵֮¾ɫһ䣬۾һ¡
һ۾˵ãϼǱߵˣˡ
Ǹˣһ£ȻоһͷǸһֱһ˽һҵһ
ΪĴֻΪ˴
ͺһĶħһ㣬һᵽ֣Ҳɵøоһ⡣
¾˵ͷ˵ǵģܲá
Ҵԭأܿ죬ʲô˵Ȳ˵ˣСо𣿡
Ѫ㣬ϸղűײһ£ɢһһǣҪطпҵĻ⡭˵¾ͣһ¡
ȻĻ̫
ҿ˵ûа취𣿡
У¾¶ʲô⣬ֱֱĿң˵ֻһ취Ǹ취пܻҪҪ𣿡
ʱʲôƵãߵǵߣһ¾磬˵ѵĿģ
¾ȴ·ûĻһ㣬ֱĿңһһٵôԸĴˡ
ҿ¾磬֪Ϊʲôоһɺӿܿ죬ҾղСԸƴҲԸһܵ飬ͷһů
̧ͷޱȼᶨĿ¾磬˵ֻҪܾʲô취ԡ


36 
¾һ˵ֱĿңЩŤһ¾ſ˵ǿĻҪġ
νѾ˵ˣܲãοҲҪã֪ΪʲôܸоǰСһҪˣڲδĳ죬һǳĺڡ
𣿡ʱߵ¾ǰ¾ӣںһ䡣
¾ָֽƿȻҿ˵ȻѾ¶ˣҲ㡣
˵¾תͷ۸磬Ҫ˵ʲôһѡ˳Ĭ
ôҪʲôʱѾȥ¾ΪʲôˣֻҪܾȵСͿˡ
¾ԼİóŻɫķֽŤŤ߰Ĳ֪ʲôҳһҲʲô
Ȼ¾ԼĿڴóһСӣô˶Լָϸһ£ѪЩɫֽϻһ£Ѫд·С֣Ȼ󿪿˵ĻǱߵģҪôȥʣĻҲҪܳȥˣסʣĶǣͿˡ
ҵ˵ͷҪЩʲô
ܼ򵥣лᦽһȦͿˡ˵¾ЩĿң˵ΪĻǺ˶Ļײһγȥֻ꣬һʵлõģǶֻ˵ĻǿԿõֻûزȥлȴЩණܿõĻͱȽΣˡ
ҳĬˣѹ¾˵ܻҪҵȲ˵һڼǰͶһˣǸϴͷ­ĹЩĪĴܹҪҵ
Ҫ˵ҾȻԼֻݺĴһˣͺҹһۡ
һ¾翪˵ҵĿҳµĻԼĳߣʣǮȫɡĿڱдء
¾˵ͷһɵġ
˵¾תԼİóһֵİֽѰֽſҿһɡһֽ״壬ֻǱԵһɫֽȻ¾óһŰֽ˼Ȧһ״塣
ȻһһرֵĶӦþ¾˵Ǹлˡ
¾лᦺִԼĿڴóһƶҿ˵һ·ϵʱĻһѣסˣ֮㻹ûһŮ˵һһǵĻǾ͸ϽȻĻ档
صĵ˵ͷȻ¾ղ˵û뵽ͦģʱҺȻ뵽ʲô˵ˣһ⡣
˵¾ȻҺܲӦ
ҿ¾磬˵һҪΪ˰һָҵ٣ԼĴ㣿Ҫʵ
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ܸܲңǲһָٵİ취һ⡣
¾ЦǿԸ㣬ܣҳɹļʺܴ󡣡
ллҶ¾ЦЦת˳ȥ
ʱȻҵ֣תͷȥͿǰһֱδİ溺˹ΣգͰνڽ𺺽ܱ
ڽ𺺽𣿻Ǹ֣Ҳֱӽ˸綪ĽֵʱоеѽʮҲ֪ƽʱôصĶôͲоأ
סˣҪһ߽֣һ߰лǰߣ˽ǧҪͷƶʱ򣬲͸Ͻѽˣһ·ܻʲôȲԼҪолˣĿѾҵˣмǣһҪлᦸۺãСһһǣҪǶˣСɾˡ¾߳ŵʱ䲻˵һ䡣
ЩҸоԼۿһ죬ĵ˵ͷȥ
߳źһҴһ£ʱİ˱͸ղһˣԭҹлһ£ȻǿԿ·ġ
ڲ֪ʲôԭҹԵð࣬ǰҰЩҰֻܿһЩģ·˵ʵƽʱֹҶЩҹ·
οطȷʵֹ
ҸоĵǣҲ֪¾϶ʲôֽţԭǵֽˣЩ·ĴſңʲôûǶûпһ
¾ҪڴС߶ţֻܰСҿڲԶͷҲһԼ˻ᾪǡ
ʲôĻȻǾȲСģһǿڴĺһ䣬С
շǼǰĴȻתͷĶߣֻоһޱȾҵӿͷֽŶЩӲæŪһЩƶ˳ȥŸоԼů˲١
ЩٶʱǼһֱĶңɫҹɫԵøֲ
ȻѸٵĳŽ˹ֻһ棬ǰǼ˫ɫͣĴлᦡ
ܸоɢǿ⣬ҲҺˡ
ʿˮŸճأˣҿôֵСĻǸл


37 
Ǽֻǳһۣл˼ȦɢˣǼɢ˺ּǰߣҶ԰˱·ȫһĨڣҹɫѸߣЩ·Ȼ¾˵ҪŰ˱һȦһԼȻ߳˴ӵķΧ
һ»ȥ뿪ӷģһӲݶûУȥ֮ҸҲ취ȥϾһлᦣһֻ¾ҵЩƶּϺ󱳹˰Ѹİ溺˸ߵĻ¾Ȼ˿ûа취
ϵлûΪһһµԭŪˣĥżȻ·߲ȥˣǾƸԶ·Ҹطȥͼǰˡ
ҲоЩԾˣΪϸоԼߵķЩͷô˵أѾ·ԼԭӵĵطˣôƣҶоԼԽԽԶˡ
ΧҲûһֱڴεŵĴˣʱҷЩϣЩˣȻЩҲණôҲǸҶҲ̫вʵ̫ˡ
ҾЩ죬ʱҷһֱŵлᦾȻȻˣ¾˵ģлˣӦþҵСһһˣȻЩСһһզܵطˣȻ¾˵ģǿ϶ûд
æлСĸŽԼĻﱣţȷŪĥŻȥˡ
ʱһ˹ҸϽһѻƶůһ󣬸Ͻתԭߵ·ȥϾһлᦣղŵǸ¿϶ȥġ
ҷҾȻزȥˣļǵԼ·ģ⸽Ҳֻһ·һȥʱϰ죬ȻԽԽİˡ
УΪüѾԼĻƶˣҸϽԼϹŵİ溺γˡ
Ű溺ߺϢҲ˲٣ֱһůҲҵĿʼЩи
ʱҺȻ˽ҵ֣ʶľҪתͷܿ¾˵ģǧҪתͷæԼתһԴָתˡ
ҵȴȻûлͷҿԿ϶ʱ󣬿϶ʲô
ҵĲҲһֱҲϴĸоһﲻͣĸԼûжҸղûתͷӦòᷢʲôģ͸Ͻ󲽳ǰߡ
ȻߵĲԭ·ΪţȻߵһƬǰ棬ֻͦïʢģһۣһƬ
Ӳݶɽ壬ȻôïʢһƬ֣϶йĵط
ҸղߵĹУͣ˽ҵ֣žҹ·Уǹֵ˷кܶ˶ڽҵ֡
Ҫʱͷߵʱ˭֪Լʲô
һδ֪Σգһתͷ϶Σգҧҧѡ˳ߡ
Ҹֵ̤ʱ򣬾͸оΧĺԽԽŨΧĿ·ճҺˣŸҵǰѰ溺ʱ˵Ҫ߲·ˡ
ι𣿡ҳŽһͼ˻شҵϾ֤һ£ɭУиùƵ置ˣ˵ء
һãҸأ
ҵǻ˺һˣҲûʲôӦžֻԼΪ¶
һԼ侲Ȼǰ˼
룬ҷԼѾκζˣïܵѾסǱͰɫͼԼָԼȻָˡ
ΧɻһƬžּž֮УֻԼĺݴĿ
ҿʼˣ֪ˣҸղžӦŰ溺תͷǣ˵¶ˣתͷýһһ£϶Ǹߡ
Ͼ溺Ǹ粽Ķ϶һЩܹĶ
һжˣȥҲ·ˡ
һƬڰ֮Уܱ֤Լˤһˡ
ںڰһȻ˵㣬Ӷһ㣬ȻûʲôĵطȴӵĻˡ
Ϊҿ磬νһɽݶЩڵĵطΧһ㲻˸ҿ
»ҰܲĹطĵط
Ŀ˲аСʱɣ˵ʮӣӣ֮һƬڰУҵʱѾĲٲˣÿһ˵޾ļ尾
ҺȻǰһ㵭⣬ӦǵֵıԵһʲôڣⶼ߳ȥˣȻˡ
νּԼҪӳʱҲ֪ʲôһ£˶ˤڵˡ
һˤǰѰ溺Ҳ֪ˤȥˡ
ôģæڵϿʼֳ괦Ũ֮УˤĵطЩģʪҸоǶġ
ǿɶĵĸоڵţҲ֣ôӣƫƫûһƬҶȥԼֶ࣬ҲûǰѰ溺
Ҿ͸оˣҸղǰˤİѵ溺ˤȥˣ
룬ȷʵܣϾˤͬʱֵĻǰѽܾԭأǰ϶ģת
תʱȴΧʪͺһӱճΪԼãҲûмƽϣǼš
ܿ죬ƽ̹ĵһΪֱе㽩һʲôΪǰ溺æҪǶŪ
Ū˺һҲûŪԾ溺ȻأҲûصòĳ̶Ȱ
һ£⵽ʲô
ڶʱȴĶҪɤˡ
Ϊⶫһ˫Ьӡ
ңЬӺǱʲôš


38 
ŵôץŵĶ˿ٵֳź˼Ǻ˵ļҾȻ˸ղŶİ溺
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47 
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ҵһܾģ룬СҲΪҲģȻǰֻҽȥҲӦõģҾ͵˵ͷӦˡ
СҴӦˣЦ˵İɣС״ȥʱΣˣͽܳͿˣֻס˲ߣܳ
ҵ˵ͷİ˲١
СװС׵Ļ͸ˣǻͳе֣һСģŪֵĻƣ滹һ˵ȳζľ͸Ƶá
ҰѻСҵİ취󣬾ͳȥ
ȻѾ߹һˣһǸоһνȥЩİϾϴνʱϣڵϹɶ
ΪǰԵʣҽȥûϸоô䣬һһֱΧңҸоܲ
ֺһ͸оԼ·ˣϾΧӣ벻·ѡ
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һ£ȻǰһЩֵĶæܹȥһһЩ·ƬһЩɫë
ë
һ뷨֪ΪʲôҸоһӿǿԼҪ̱ĳ嶯ӵϰǿ·Ƭ
ƬǺɫģر죬˺һǴӸϵƬ
һѵǸëܵˣҲ׷
Ҳ˵ˣ
ҺܿС˵ģĸ˿Сʦһ··ȫë
ǰȴֻһ·ƬһëǸ͸Ǹëｻ˰ɡ
ҾԼҪȥ飬ǲðһ뷨
ҿʼЩˡ
ԼһŻῴһ··˺ëǰѰ溺һ̡
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һҺȻоǹĸоŨ˲٣ʶľ͸оЩԾľңʱ϶ʲôֵ鷢
ҵ˺һûʲôֵ鷢ͼǰߣȴһֱץסͣһһвԾҿ϶ҪС׳ˡ


48 ɱ
ҳʱΧǹһӾɢ˲٣ƺ˽ҵ뷨һ
һҲЩҼǰˣСҽĶҧҧǰȥ
һΧҲʼϡԭЩֿʼ
һ£ѵţײ߳ȥˣ
ɣ
ܿ죬ҾͲôˣΪ߳ƬϡֺǰȻһƬʯѳɵĹҿ£нһٶĹ
Ҳ˵һضѡ
ҺȻ֮ǰҿĻþƺʱиҿǿضѺڿľͲࡣ
ڿһƬصغص˿ڿˮֵطôһƬصأԲʲô顣
Խƽ֤ԽйĶ
һԼҪҪȥʱŵǸͿʼҵĲĺ
оͺСںµĲ
Ҳ˵СھңطΣա
ʶһкȻһŮ˵Ц
һ¾ŵëȻҸϽתܡ
ȻˣҪߡȻиŮ˵
Ҳһͷǳ˽ѵˣʱǧͷ͸ǴסʱҪͷһ
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ҧҧһͿԳȥˣƴˣ
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ͣˣС۾գĸˣȻСָָҼλã￩һ¡
ʱҲŲԼϺſʲôҲӼ䡣
Ļ;ҵĲţ·ʲôֲĴڡ
ҸоԼĲӶҪˣһתͷҵļȥ
һҲŵýг
ΪҷԼļϴһֻ֣ʱһߵĲӱߺȻһĸоһ֪ǱҲҪˡ
ʲôſҺϣ̽ԴԴһء
ҴСп˿־壬ģһ˿Ī
ʱҺȻоԼĶһʲôڶҵĶ䴵ء
Сʱ¶ʲôһ㣬ҧҧҿ˵СģɱǧҪӣֻҪһӣͻᱻƣɱ
һղŻûлͷȻڿĲ֪ôˡ
ôû¡ԼʱûΣգҲԼʱſһɱˣСˡ
лҹģЩΣˣϴθǮأСϽ˵
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СҲЩˣһѺ˵룬Ӧô
ôСǺܿ׵ӣʱҲˣ㣬㰡ȥҪˡ
СһֱԼİŶϡﻩ߰һѶԴ亹ֱð
ʱҲҳˣСһɶˡ
ǿɾҪˡ
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һ룬ϽԼĿڴùӦûһЩ©Ļƶϰɡ
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ôķ㵹һ鶼˵갡䶼оˡҼĴС
С˵ðŻƶſԡ
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ܻܲ취ͼСٸ취
ҲܡǡȻδءûİ취֪ľֻһ취ԼŰɡСܲ׵Ŀ˵
ʱҸоԼĶǱߴѾʼӰ쵽ҵˣоԼ˼񱻶סһ֪ôȥ϶Ҫˡ
ƴˣ
ҧҧԼŻƶ
ģϣɱҧˣ
ұ۾ճֳֻһȥ
ϣ͸ʲôһƬճĶ
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ĵطʲô䶯
ƺǳӣ
ңûˣǿŶһ͵λãһ߿ڽе
㻹Ǳ֪ҪãСҵ˲ñ
ʱһƬڹŵ״ģرģ֪Լ۾ˡ
ǹɶĵĸоԽԽǿǶĿ־ʹңʱҪ³ˡ
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ֻоһɴŨҺ˲Ūʪҵ·ʱҲ޷ˣֱԭ˳


49 ˱
˺һŻȻϻžҵĶѾҶˣһԼ¸ѵϰŸоԼϲôˡ
ϵǹɶȴɢȥԼղŵĶѾµʲôûеθֿʼ
ʱСҲ˵ãɱȻӵĻû⣬ҪĿɾͲˡ
ڵϲ£ȻͦѾղŻĶˣſ˵ˣŪĵû
ѾŪˣһɽݶҹһιˣɱŻ⣬ץסӦѾˡС˵
ҵ˵ͷ뿪˵ЩʲôϵĶԽˣԽǱߴ¾Ǳôˣ
ˡҴ˵
ˣٸСʱСʱҾҪٰ˱ˣСʱ֮һҪ㶨УȻ̫ҡ¾翪˵
һ¾ô˵ҵĿһ±ģˣʲôˣҸϽ˵ǽأ
û¡ԽͷЩ
һ˵У̫㡣
У㻹ֱ߰ɣǸˣ̫滹ǺΣգһСѹеı棬̫ʱҵ̫㲹ٵġ¾Ͻ˵
ʱ¾Ǳߴһĺι£˭ˣźžôϵˣôŪû취
ҿСһۣ˵ҲˣӦô죿
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ҵ˵ͷ˵Ҳôġ
֪ʱȣСٵĴԼСŪŻֱֽ߽ˣΣҲϽ˽ȥ
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ȰеķŴԼĿڴͳһװС׵ĻһĻͣС׵Ļǰɫģɫġ
ϣʱܸϵϰɡСС˵һ䡣
ڸҸϽɻ
Сһ˵ãһƬֶҵķڳ˽󣬱ţлѹ֣棬ΨһһȽĵطˣ϶Լ壬ѡ͵ģֻҪһȥҰڲˡ
ҵ˵ͷ򵥵ȷͦ򵥵ģҲѹ¾񽻸ڵǣֻаСʱʱˡ
ԣӦֻʣ¶ʮˣǽѾ˲ʮˡ
ھͿܲܳŹʮˣŹȥˣôǵͻʧܶգ˱ǰˡ
Ҳ˵ҽʣǼ꣬͵ˣ
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͹Ҫһһֱ˲ʮӰɣûһ
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һ˵ҾؼʱˣϽԼĺͣסˡ
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ͷҾ֪Ӧǹˣ
ʱгʱЩҿ£Ҳ֪ǲסãкûҡ
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ҿҪﲻסʱ򣬹зһѸٵıȥͺ©һ
ʱѾﵽˣҲܲȥˣڴڵĺ
ߵСһϽӵվҧԼָͷҲ֪Լ滭ʲô
ΧһĲҽСɫҲѸٵĲ԰ȥ
ۿСҪվˣæȥסС
ѻţߣС˵һ䣬ιȥæСȥǻʱе㼱ҪôСĥĥĻ϶ǳֵģͷɱˡ
һҧҲʲôŮܲˣѻСİһٰСŪұ󣬱Сܡ
ҸմܳͿ˱巽򷢳صһ죬ͺƽһ
һð
ʱļֱ
֪¾ٰ˱ˣ⶯ôôأ
ϼǶһƬƬɽҾⱬƵĳ¾⶯ŪҲ̫˰ɣǵжըҩ氡
ʱ֪ôˣϽСȥ
жˣٱһûôˣҺСܳ˰ɡ
Ȼõըҩ¾϶ֶΣҿɲʱ˱ᡣ
ͣĴըҩлȼյžΧ˲䱻ɡ
ըҩǰЩνĹԵôĲΪ
ʱҲŷֲ֣ĲʲôޣҲʲô֣࣡
ƻǰκζֵס
ͱڣҾֻΪԼССǣƴܣ


50 Ƶ
ըر죬ƺԶλըƵãȻͦյģһܳ˰˱ķΧҧСߵ̫ŷС˱ķ
ϿŨḷ́ҹͦɽôĻƹƲĻûٸһĸˡ
Ǻҳһģһʬ徿˭ë﾿ʲô¾ʦСʦûУǸ˭û˻ģһڰ˱ҲһƬУΪҽ
Ҳ֪¾ôˣûиȦ
Ҫû㣬ɽɾͲһ˱ôˡ
ôӳˣסˣҲʱղǡ
̫ϢʮӣСҲʼָһЩ֮ǰ¾ĶȻ֪˵˭ˣ̫϶Ҳȫ
˰¾ķԸѻ͸ŵ̫ҲͿʼˡ
ȻأСЩĴ£ȻһԶ·һ·žȻûнȥ
ڿҪصʱСȻ˵ʬ
ʬҿ˵ʬ
ǣֻ⸽ˣ⼸ڸʬ岢ǺأҪȥ𣿡С˵
ȻЩ£Ǹое棬ǺսʤĶΣյĿ־壬ҵ˵ͷ˵ȥ¡
˾Ϳʼʬ崫λ߹ȥˣߵǵʱҶĵĺëˡ
ǰʬ塣
ʬ˷ֵĴЩڿʳʬϵ⣬ʬ嶼ѾҧĲˣĵط϶Ѿҧˣֻʣһ²ڰ׹ϣëȻ
Ǳ˹ƣƣ置񶾵һ֣˻ҧ֮ǰ϶ǳʹࡣСЩĿȥˡ
һƣȻʲô
ˡ
òߵСֺҷҰɡ
뷨һͷҲȥˣǿŶĴȥ
ˣЩֵ˲䶼ܹˣҿһͷèҪʬͷ­˳ƺǣԻĶǿ
͵۾մʬȻŵҲǰ
ӦþˣǧҪֻҪⷽԲڵ󶼻ᷢ˷ĹˡС˵
һ˵ͷ
ҿһͷԻЦЦ
죬Ŀһͷ¶Цı飡
ʱŵȶˡ
ֻЦһԼԴҡڵˣ˿ûкǵ˼
һŪ˸Ҳֲζġ
һȥ鿴ˡ
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ܿ죬ҾͿһҿԿ϶ݵĶˡ
һصı
ҷҴѧߵİ
ЩûĶȤȻⶫһʬıţȻû𻵵
Щ겻ѣѾӽˣ߼ӾҪȥˣʱǰ¼ĵԸѡܣ˵ӳȥˡ
ΪΪʳһ١
ʱ˶Ҫͬߣһ˶ûܻȥֻɵɵ˵һȥˡ
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ЦطѾٵˣǻʮӾҪյˣ˵ЩѧĵƵҪĶأ
˼ǣСһ¡
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Ͼͷβ¹Ƶһֱû¶棬ҶҲǳ˺ġ
ѾѪĹͷ˾ϹȻȥ
ȥĵطǽĵطǽһС·ǵİԵͣǡ
ڳĵطûãȻһ·
·һǻ˾һһŮڣΣգȻܾϳ˦˰˰ٿǮ˵ȥϽӭ
˸ݣǰ̨Ŀп˸䣬Ǹ¥ˡ
˸ϴ˸裬ϵ¿ŪͰȻɾԡۣ绰ǰ̨·ߴһǧǮ·ͽ
Ž˵Դԡ
һһصļҵȺѧƵƵǴǰͿʼˣ£ҽ֮ǰĵģӦҪĶˡ
֪ΪɶҸоԼľȻʼϽʱ˳㿪˵һƵ
Ƶյ㿪ҾͿ˼ڴϷȻȺѧڷ湶ҡ
ҿ£˶棬СҲͬ档
֮ͣĴԴ洫
ʲô
ʶߵСһۣÿͨ죬ı飬ʱҲһ


51 ĳ
⻭ȻЩһ̲סҪ¿ʱС꣬Ƶˣһۣɶÿġ
ղŻĽζأһӾͱûɶÿˣ
ҲҺСۣһһ߳ŭСҧңҾ군ˡ
صǸƵֵ㿪һƵ֮ǰƵһй֮µġ
һȫǣҲЩǸˣҵϴѧʱզôţƺأ
۳СɫԽԽҲҹȥЩ߰ƵˣƵ־رĸص
㵽߸ɣſ˲һݣƵڲЩ߰ˣǽǶתһϣǵװͺ̫ڼǵʱһġ
һ֪ͷϷˣҶС˵ͷϷҪˡ
ţͱЩ߰ƵŪЩСſĻ
Ƶ˾ͺϴ̫һǶ˸ӣҿӵʱȻҺ͸ȥ̫·ϵʱǸӶʬ塣
ӦþǸ˰ɣǸƵأ
ʱС˵Ӧþ˵ǸƵ˰ɡ
Ȼˣƺǡ
ɢĶԻУҿᵽǶ԰˱ֻ˵Щ¼Ҳ֪º֪ԼȫҪڰ˱ʱ򣬻᲻ôĵ
һǿ˵㣬һǵĻǿܻ治ᷢ߾Ȼиôĵطл·
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ҰǮŮˣӹ·˵˾лл
Ů˿ң˵̫ǻŶ
һûļŮ˵ĵʲô˼ͲŸ߸Ь뿪
ʱﴫСĽզˣ˵Ժˣⶼðˡ
ҸϽȥȻͬС˵ĻѾȫˣǸλòͣðź̡
զˣȻðˡҿɻ
ҲСЩĿ˵һ䣬ѵˡ
һȥްɣӲĶָܻܲΪҹ칫ҵģԵЩЩ˽ģȻˣӲ汣Ķܻûж
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Ұ·Ūû뵽ԱͦģҸһǧǮз˹·ȻʲôݳƷ۸ӦҲһǧǮ¡
·Сſ˵Ҫզ죿
ȥ޵԰ɣڻ硣ҿ˵
С˵ͷǸѾ˵ĵԳȥˡ
˼ҵά޵꣬˵󣬰Ѽ۸ŪڶٿǮѵԸ
ŤŵһĪζô˵أͺͷսζ
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ҺȻղǸƯĲ񻰵Ůˣ˵Ǿ˵Ļ
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ҸϽȥԵĺǸϣ˵磬ǲˣǮ㡣
˵Ҿʹӿڴ˶ٿǮ
ıΪ񾭲ɡ
ŵԺСһӵСͿզˡ
ҾͰѸղŷ鶼˵ˣǶûзֵЩӻ˵ԣҲ˵ȫǶ֪°ǸŪ
СҲЩˣæҸô졣
ɣΪԼĺһ˲㡣ҿ˵Ȼ˸ͰıʼǱԸ˽ȥȻȥ
ﻹЩСᣬ֪ղžͰǼƵˡ
Ǹջصûãǰ̨ǸԱ͹ˣ·ȷ˸ղǸŮ˿϶⡣
һǧǮǰ̨ҺСҲЩû뵽ᷢչز
·ϸòµĹưɡССһ䡣
ӦòɣҪɱǻõô鷳𣿡Щȷ˵˾䡣
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šҵ˵ͷСһ£ͣصȥ˿ͳվȥɶĴ͡


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52 Ϳ
˳ɶѾǴˣҺС˸סˣǿͦĿǣҲ֪ǺһһŮզ䣬Ǻ֌˿զСôƯŮ
һϺȥȪ䣬ȥ¾ļϣﲢûˣǽ˺üζû˻Ӧ
죬¾绹ûСҲҪطɽӣҽϵҲ뿪˳ɶ
С뿪ϣһֵΡ
μһһֱҵţҵ֣ôеǲΣڽҵ֡
ֹһһͷϻϻҲһڵҵ֣ͬǲǽеΡ
Ҫȥһ㣬еʲôʱǰȴȫʧˣһԲĵҩ
ҩ㣬߹ȥǵҩǵҩһѪˣһ
Ѫ˶ҾһϹϾĿ˵ʲôȻҵ
أȻһ亹˯˹ѹҾ;Լܿʣץˮ
ȣ;ЩԾ͵ؿȥͿиվҷĴڡ
һ£뿪˭Ϳ˵ˣˣ
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翪˵Ѿ㲹ˣԻȥˡ
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ˣǱǺ㿪Цġ˵ֱ꣬ӴӴ˳ȥæܹȥһѾûиӰˡ
ʱɰҸŵòᣬ¥ȥû£
صϺҶˮһŻղŸ˵ģƺҵٲˣһҸǮ
Ҳ˵ⱻ˸һΣûʧ׬һһʮ
Ǳʾ޿ҲоЩġ
ϾǮǰõİ
Ҽһû˯ţڶʱǾӵģֱȥ¾ңǮȥлһǿԵİɡ
ҽ˺üΣ¾ҲûشңҾǲңҲǸͦʶȤˣ˵˾лл󣬾˳ҵԺӡ
رݶŽϼҵĻƱԭļǲȥˣ˭֪ҹȥʲôڵҰ
ϻϼҵķɻﻹЩ㱣Ҹоʵ̫̼һЩҵ۶˶ıˣ֪ΪʲôҾȻЩ᲻ִ̼ˡ
̽δ֪ʵ̫ˡ
Щ֮ǰû취ΪԼŻôںò׿ȶˣȥֳֺõ顣
ϼҺֱпȥУ˵ҪѿǮȡ
еĴþŻˣǸҵ̣Ǹҵ裬˵нûأǮܲȡһ㡣
ʱɰҸֵģǰʱֻܵӣſߴϰ죬ҷүˡ
ôżҲͦģ룬˵ǳɰɣŪʮɡ
Ǵþʱֵϲտ˵ϸԺҪǴǮһҪ氡ĶԸڲϢ
룬Ϣжߣڵ󻹲ĻأҪҰ費֪ôɵӲдǮء
һαĺһ£ֽϾȥУˢһ320ȥպ󣬾ֱӿȥˡ
ʱѧΪѿ˼ʻ֤õˡ
ҰѳϼҴʱȫ嶼䶯ˣҾͻؼҰ̵ֳʱ䣬вʮҼҡ
ÿﶼ˵ҶгϢ˰
Ұֺɫȴû˶
˶߹ˣҰѸȡʮǮóǰſ˵СΰǲʲôΥ鰡ǼǧֳǹӶ鰡
ҰʱҲ˵һ䡣
޷ǾѯǮ
ҵ˸̣˵ǮҺ˺׬ģǷġ
ҰЩŷŵĿһۣѡңһٶǮʡŵ㻨ΥĹǧܸɡ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ǷǿϰһҾ͸ɲʲôµġ
ҰҷƵҲЩͷۣڹҲˣȻǮ࣬ɽգܿͻû˵ġ
ʱզ졣
ЩԼӦװ320ˣȻʮ򣬵Ƕ׬ʮˡ
ϻвʮǲҪȥ⡣
ļ죬һֱԺ󵽵ʲôȽϺá
Щû޳ȥˣҲͣҼңǿҳϢˣԼҹ޸ҡ
ӺСˣ۹Ҳ˲٣ЩСʱŻͦϲĹھҲôˡ
ĵһӾ͹ȥ˴£ҺȻͿʼ֮ǰںŵǶˣҲ֪С磬¾ôˡ
ϣҪˣϼڵϰ׾ǰѵƶˣһԺ򣬳±¡
ǰж׼ˣҹʱ򣬾͵
հأĻͺʲôһһ෴λúƫ
ʱҿһ£оЩԾҰûע⣬뿴ǲҵĴ
ת˼Ȧôתǻǳ෴λôܣôô졣
ʱˣҸϽˣԾŻһͿ˵ˣСΣ˸㣬յİEMSģһͦصģҲ֪ɶҷ㷿ˣȥ
һͷһֲõͷ
ϰѾ˵ϷԼķȥ


53 
˷󣬹ȻһҵĴϣһ򣬾͸оЩԾΪСƺװһǧ
ûв⣬EMSı־棬ЩȥˣҲ淽ķһǧֽ
ʱһͷǶԷˣ
ﻹ˵Ĵһҵ˵ͨͨһݣ沢ûǮأ
һҧҧȥѰˣ򿪰һ˿Ҳ׷顣
淽һðֽŪõǮשе٣һǧ
ҰЩǮשó಻٣һ
Ҳ֪¾ǸҲж٣ȻһҲ˵ǮѾ㹻ҵˡ
ʱҵһӽ
ò׽ֵµҪ
֪ΪʲôȴԼһڴһ
ԼķҵԼǻʱõİһŽϸǸݵȻԷǸҼĹģܻϢ
Ȼ滹жԷϢ
ǴһĵطĹģҴһ¿ݵֻ룬ϣȥǿպţҲ˵ΨһϢǿǴǱߵһջĹġ
ȥٶһӣ֮һڼȻûͷҪȥӹĿջһ£ܲҵʲô˿
ҵһ뵽Ҫȥɶ¾æ
ܿҾͰ뷨׵ԺȥˣΪģֻǲǷʲôǱʶҲ̫鷳¾硣
Ȼϵ¾磬Ҳ˵ͬϵˡ
˼ȥҷԼܹҲֻСˣСѾͷȻЩף϶ǱҪһġ
ĺúõģְЩ̫˼
ҾȻԼҲһ԰ҵˡ
˼ȥҵԺһˡ
󣡡
Ȼϴγһٴ󣬵ֻģҲ˵ҴֻҪȷһûдֻǲˡ
һ뵽⣬Ҿ͸Ͻóֻҵĵ绰˹ȥ绰մͨ߶߶ʹӻͲǱߴ˹
𡭡û˵ƭ˵ĻҾûĿ˵ңΡ
㰡㻹ûأϾͱЩˡ
Ҷûû˵һ䡣
ʱҲЦ˵ҾˣϴǱ棬զˣҲ粻㣬ȥңҲӰ㵽׸ȥˡ
ˣȥ˳ɶ㣬ϴզ֪ңҿʵ
СϹǹȥģ㵽˭ȻŪô㡣ûĿ˵ǲ֪Ǳж߰ĶҲǡ
ǸҲоЩëϴҲãˣȻĿǡ
̾һǮʹ˵ˣ͸ںŰ˱ûʹ˵ֻ˵и˰ҵٻָˣյһǮ
󣬳Ĭϰû˵˺һſ˵ЩӰһ治ֻǮĵǾΪʲôӶԷǺ㲻ˣԸôǮҲҪ㡣
Ҹղŵһ£ǿǴĹģԾĥҪһȥǵطǲʲôԾĵطҿ˵
Ĭһ˵ҪǱˣһ治ҹܣⶫĹһСİԼȥ͵군õѣҪɣҵԺ϶Ͳˡ
ˣһ֪ǵС˼ɣ͵ȥΣһлѶҵģ˵֮˵СǾܰĴ֮ˡû˵һ䡣
һֺˣæӦҵַ󣬾˵Ϲ
˵绰ҲЩѣһǸоЩˣΪϴָܹ֮Ҫ¾͸İæҶ֪ԼӦҪôԼˡ
ֻȥεˣȻȥѰһָٵİ취ϾôȥɲУһжһ´һָ٣ָǮҲһӶæŻָ
һҪ˭ڸңȻŪٵ⣬һݡ
ϵһҵͷЩˣϿǮоҲֻˡ
˰Сʱѣҵĵ绰ˣҽǴģι¥ңſڳ±ء
ҴӴ⿴ȥÿһ߳±һߺҰء
ӦĴˣһ˳Сӳ¿ۣҶС˵ɫϴοöˣӦûжʱģȺ˵ˣֻȥ飬ôָҰ첻
ҵ˵ͷҲһӾҵԼָİ취
ҷԼ̬˺ܶ࣬һβϴһŵˡ
ʹ¥³˵±ҾͺҰ˵ʹȥˡ
ϳʱ򣬴ҵĳţ˵аСӣⶼϱˡ
ûİ˴һۣĿҵٻġ
ѳӿӺȥ˸꣬ˮˣĿˡ
һߺžƣһ߿˵˵ʵȷֵͦģ뵽֮ǰǸ𣿡
Ժ˸¾磬̾˿ʱû취Ҿȥǰɡ
˵ʵ򲻵һĲ鷳ǣΪСˣϴڰ˱廨ǮɲǹܸоԼǷǺܶࡣ


54 ϰ
Һʹһ¹ڽİţȷҲ򲻵Ĳȥ˺󣬴Ըµ˵ԻԼʦʦֹҵæ
ȻĴʦжһᵽˣЩɻӣҹӦûͦһˡ
ʱ;ʹ˷ֹȥҵ㣬ȥĴʦֹ
˺󣬾ôҰγԶŵ⣬ڶһ磬Ҿ͸˵غͱ˺ϻ￪ķ˵⣬ҸϹȥһˡ
һϵ飬ͲûɨҴӼϳȥˡ
뿪ҺȥȡǮУڴþƨ̬°쵽ֵһ
ѾЩȻˣȻԷǮûɲȥãȥ
Ȱ鶼ֱӴȥ˻ǰķɻ
ҴˣȻ򣬶ҵĿĵӣһο϶ǲȥӴݾߵģһҵĿͶ˴й
ҲûڴйҿջסڴйĹų˸ջס
˵ʵֿջҲǵһμҲͦġ
һſڽĺȴͿͼ¥ཨ¥
ΧһĺԺһԺӣĲ¥ÿ¥߸䣬Ȼһùݡ
ùݵĻǳԤϵĺãû뵽ϰ徹ȻһĶγˮٸ仹һòĸо˵ֱ
Һϰһ֪ԭϹȥȥ·ϱҰǸҧˣһع˿һˡ
˵еˣ˵´ЦҶѾѧҵˣǸУһʵﱧһ˼ģϾҵҲ֪ɶʱͱǵŵ˸ŪˣҿɲʱǸС
ֺϰһûQQû뵽һСɽһѸУҼQQ͸߸˵ܻȥˡ
˵ʵҪܺϰ﷢ʲôҲһѡ
ൽʮңǸϰﻹĸҷһQQҶӶջмҹˣҪҪ˵껹һ۵ı顣
ҾջңҾ˵Ҫ͹ɡ
Ϊͣû뵽ĸһ䣬ǵ鴦ˣҰŹص͸͹ȥ
ӿɰֻˣһ룬ҪҷˣϷҾϰ϶̫ˣȻô򵥾ϹͱһͷèƵġ
ƴǰʲôҲǲġ
ûˣϰˣ˿ڿˮϰ˹ƺǷ͸۽ǵɨһЩеشһ죬ԴʶذԼȹһ㡣
ҼûתߣͿ϶ȫԴ졣
ϰ߽źҾͰŸˣıסСֱӶƨϣֻԼһ޻ϡ
ֻǱ۾ûзһɧ
Ҵ󵨵ȥز࣬оָлЩȲȥסһ˵ȥϴ衣
ȻܼУҾòϴȷе࣬ȥϴˣϴʱͺ˷ܣææϴ꣬˯¾ܳˡ
ܳͿϰҴ߲֪ʲôҳˣϰæվЩţû뵽һôͳһ˵ϴˣ
ȻܺҴ߸صԲҪȥϰʱ˵⻷е㲻ϰߣҪҷ䣬ɣ
Ҽô˵ˣµѼӷˣô࣬æӦˣҴҵػ·͸ϰһ˳ȥ·ϰһֱȻһڶ档
ϰķ䣬ҾͰŹˣһ½ǽ
һְƿҵһ£ȥϴ裬Ҿ;Ůôر࣬һϴ裬һȥңڵңҪϴ裬ⲻҪҸǰ
Ƕߵһˣܲܰ;ϰɣһȥϴˣҲҵĲһңҪżԵģ
һӾˣæͷﴫϴˮ͸èһģͲžͽȥϴԧԡ
ҿǱеˣŵţҾеĥȥϸð¡
߳һҲĶĴڵأҹģںںڵģָˣҾһֱǽţһذѴĵƴҵ
һֻһŰӣ룬Ӧö棬ѷĵƿ˳ŵƹȥҴƵĿز͵ˣҾͰŸšˡ
տţ͸оҪ˵ʲôζͺִü춼Ѿ÷˵èʬζϰҶûǽأһ㣬ʲôˤ˵ϡ
ڰҺˤһ˵ϣ˭ôҹɵϰҽһû˻شҾĴ
һ͸һֻ֣µǸһӦûУͺһһһӻˣҪӵһԴġ
һ˲ҸϽӷ˳ȥ֪ط϶ԾԼײаˣǱȻˣȻƽʱȻɫͦģһֱûɶɫզôء
Ҿĥߡ
ҸմأϰѾϴˣԡʪͷȥأ
һҸоԼĺϸ


55 Ů
һ֪Լʱѡܻ¶ŵı飬пܻ⿴ϰ廹֪ʲôණء
һҸղžȻӹǣҾ͸оԼ³ˡ
ȥ²ûҵԴԼϡתͷϰЦſ˵
ϰ￩Ц˵ϴˣҷв
ͦĵЦʱȴޱȵĿֲǿסԼҪЦ˵һǿԼ˻ȥ
ѹҲŷ֣Ŀ£ҵڰ˱ʱˡ
ڰ˱ʱľңʱ򣬾Ϳ϶ණ
Ҹղôûأ
ʱرĺڣҲ֪ʱôϵģȻҪĹѸںˣһͷײ˰ɡ
Ҳ֪Լʲô˼ҿջô飬Ҫߵϰǰʱ򣬷űá
ԵЩͻأʱ
£֪ԼþȵĻˣ˵ŵ˿ܻңٲҲа취ͻֽ֣ʱûߡ
ϰʱüͷôˣ
һ͸ӱˣϰ⻰ôôˣҶȴһ顣
Ǿطܻˣ
Ҳ˵ײˣ
ĻһQQĹ죬ڵĹֶʱ
ϸ붼ҹ壬ҹQҲʲô˵顣
ûȥţˣƵ죬Ȼһɡ
ԭЩҲ˺ܶࡣ
ϰʱҧҧѡȥţմţҾˡ
ſվһرÿĺŮӣŮӴһֽɡһЦݣŸһ־ǧ֮ıУ߸ϡ
ֵһˣ
ҿ𣬾͸оЩΣô˵أֱץڴĸоĪģҾ;ԼȻˡ
ϰڿԵЩ˻ƣ˭ʲô
ƫӿһۣȷûºЦſ˵˲ʶ·ߴ·ˣؼҵġ
ˣ˵ٻͯҶϵû˴ߡϰתͷɭɭĿһۣһۿɰҸŵò壬Ϊҿϰû۰ף۾Ǻɫģ԰׵ķɫ͹Ե۾ӵĹ졣
ŮڴΣǼֱɢ㲢ʲô¡ϰ̯̯֣¶ŵĶ
ҿ£һѷĩ״ĶеΡ
ʱɵҲ֪ҵģҺȻΣյʱ򣬺ܶζǺңҴ¾ĻкʲôԨԴ
ڿЩϰɫ˱䣬ҧ˵Ӯˡ
˵ϰһѴɡȥʱҲŷ֣ĵطһ˿ˮ
ϰߺ󣬺ҲЩĿңһû˵
֪ΪʲôҾȻ˼ڵҽͣæ˵Ҳ֪զͷתˡ
Խ˵Ҿ͸оԼԽĨԽڣͷС˵˾ԲԼ֪ԼΪʲôҪͺ˵Բ
Цʲô
ҿܲҵһЩ˿ǸҪҵ˸ǳҿ˵
ЦһŮĴ
ǡҺȻæ˵Ǹᡭ
û˵ҼЩˣϽ˵Ůʲô
Ůһԩ꣬˵ǹŴ뵺ȳ֣쫷Ͼõȳɷδٸðŷ굽ʯ˾ˮУ֮д˵ʹ֮࣬ʪˮӽϺֲɷɱԷֿʼĿĵѰңҹ㣬ӦѾĴ˰ɡϵıԽԽ䡣
￩һ£ѹҸղǸôʬ壬ЩƶŮŪİɣһˣҿܾҪе㺦£ҿܶЩĵĹװƬЩŮеɶȻԺƯŮǵСһ㡣
ҳĬˣϵŻһЩ˵ΪŮ˼㶼ҪԺԼúÿһ¡
⻰ôо̫ԾζеᣬڡԴס
ҸϽ߰ͷԼ涪ȥôƯôܻῴҡ
ҾͿ˵ղõĶʲôôһӰŮˡ
ŮΡĻشһ䣬Ȼ󿪿˵⣬ôȥ㣿
ҲǷʲôϴѾ鷳ˡҺʵĻش⡣
ҵĻЩ㱣Ҳ֪ЩʲôȻЦ˵Ǿıɣ֮Ҹ˶ĵطסЩ߰ĵطס
Ҹ뿪˵ЩʲôͿȻתˣҸϽ׷ȥѾûټˡ
ѵ߹޵˶ϲôߵϴθҲôߵģһת˾Ͳˡ
ߺҲȥˣ֪ǸŮʲôʱ򻹻ٻæȥԼķһ£ҹıȥ
ҸܳջͷһͷֿջʧˣԼȷⲻǻþҲŸղŵȷΣգǺ𣬿ҾĽˡ
ڻԿ϶ԲǺҵģΪʲôÿôûģңΪʲôϿ


56 
˰ҲûȻѡ˷ڻ̫·ߵ˼ӣ⳵˳⳵˸ղźѵ飬Ҹ˶ĵطš
Ҿͺͳ⳵˾˵˾ȥй
Ҳ֪ΪɶԴǸŪǮ˲ҺҾرණ˶ĵطӦǰȫģٿԳһ
˴й˼ҿջסˣΪղŵľţ˰˯ţò˯ȥֱ绰ˡ
绰ǴҴģҽ绰ʹˣʦִӦæˣùܵǽķɻĵ㣬ҡ
ҴӦ˺󣬾ͼ˯ʱѾˣ˼ҷ˵㶫ʹȥӴˡ
һδƺ׼رĶһаģҾֱӰصҪİˡ
ұֻðŰˡ
һߣһüͷ˵һûϵôôˡ
һҲоԾϽŮ˵ˣûаѺ˵ǱʶңԽ֪Խãұ˸ҡ
˵ģҲ˵ͷ˻ЩУ֪ŮΣŮⶫ鷳ֻҪˮ͸ֻβƵסˣŮߵʱɡûдߣҪûߣǿ԰Ůɡùǿдôġ
ŮߵʱǴһѴɡߵģͿ˵ɡˣɡɶã
ıЩʧ䣬ǺҽŮɡаа֮˴ŮɡͷͻῪʼá
˵껹˵ҪŮɡͷ˭ˬͰɡ͸˭һһ׼
һһЩ޵֮˹ȻǣŪܰ
˿ջ󣬴ͿɶʱȥǸջ
ұ˵Ǹʦˣ׵ȥģϸ룬ԼԼжÿԻڵÿһӶпҾ˵Ϣһ£Ͼȥǿջ
ûɶ˼С˵㶫˵ƣͻؿջϢȥˡ
ڶһ磬ǾˣŸһ뿪˿ջȥӹ
ݼĹĵطһջĵطӹҸþãһĵطҵǼջ
ջĹģ󣬶ҿסҲ࣬ɭɭģҲѹûɶס
˿ջſڣҾЩ£תͷȥ۴󣬿զ죬ҪҪ
˵ˣɴͽȥˡ
һҧͽȥˣսȥͼһͦƯŮһһߴ߳߶񾭲ôġ
ҲоЩĪʹ߽ȥ󣬾Ϳһɫ·һ裬ڿϣ֪߶ʲô
ˣͿ˵ס˰٣Ů˸һƨɣס
˸ղŮΪɶҪˣҶҪˣɶأطһ쾹ȻҪ˰١
ҿһ£˵Ҫʵ㶫ġ
죿Ͻһ䡣
ǡҿ˵
Ҳ֪ûɻȥˡ
ǮҲǵǮҾʹǮһǧǮԱߵĲ輸ϣ˵ֻҪش⣬Ǯġ
꿴ǮȻһˣ˵˵ɣҿ϶֪޲ԡ
ҾͰҴϼҴĿݵ˳˵ϸ룬ûæĿݣţǼ׳ǵĿݡ
׳ǣ롣üͷһ£Ϳ˵ˣڣҼĹһοݡ
ţɻĿʵ
˵ͷܺҵģھ㿴ûԱиӣĹȥھĵطȻҵʽţ˴ȥҵġ
Ҹ˵ʲôͰѲ輸ϵǮԼڴˣ˵֪ôˡǮҿ϶ǲ˻ȥġ
룬ԱߵĴ󣬼˵ͷźһ߳ջ߳󣬴ҲоЩԾ˵֪ΪʲôҸоЩԾ
ʲôԾҸϽѯʵ˵ʵӶɾ֮ˣһ˵Ծʶ˰ġ
֪ܸоղſǸЩԾ˵ε鶼ЩԾüͷ鿴ʲôֲ̫ȷ
ôһ˵ҲоЩԾȻ˵ﲻԾǿ˵ô˵
һ˵һǿݾ˴׳ǸŪģ룬˿϶찡һɶñճEMSԣôǮѿݸŪ˼Ȼ뺦㣬ôܻڿԼַڼĿݸļ˵ַĺðɡ
˼ǣһеĹ켣õģǿݾ˸õģĿľǰǸһ£˵
󿪿˵ȻΪϻôֵĵղô껹˭סⲻԼƲ𣿸ղǿǸ˿϶⣬Ҿ϶˸ŵһӣĿľǸнŵȥ
ȥʣҸϽ˵Ŵջȥȥʲô갡յģʱ߽һˣס
Ҿ˭˵ϰ壬ҸϽǵûһˡ
ϰҡҡͷ˵ջԼһˣһɨͷĴ
һ⣬￩һ£˵ĹȻû⣡


57 ص
ô̵ʱǸܲȥҺʹ໥һۣٵĳźԺȥ
ϰæ׷Ǹء
ûܵԺſջյģҪȥͷѵʱϰסǣ˵ɾҪˡ
һǿĵĽ꿪˵ǵס𣿡
ûСϰ忪ڻش
ҾͿ˵ɣҪסһ俴
ȻǵҪֵͦģϰ忴ǮϻǴһ˹ÿһ䣬ͻ棬ȥң¶ȥˣһȦûҵ
û취ϰٿǮ˼˫˷ڴϸ󿪿˵զ죿ȥǲȥ
һ˵ԷӦþҪȥǸţڵǣǵȴҵľʲôһҪ
ȻʲôöҪǮҪģ˻ʲô£󿪿˵
һ˵ҲĬˣʵȷͬ˵ԷȻûģƭҹȻҲᰲʲôġ
ô˵Ӧô죿ʱҲЩˣû뵽ԼϾȻһ
˵ЩʲôģȻɫһ࣬˵ãǺȦˡ
ô£һ£æ˵
Լϣ˵йˡ
ҿ´ֱۣⲻ֪һ˶ŵˣֱϾȻŤŤһʺɫѪߡ
йƣҵԺһЩõĻ棬ϴںǱߣҼڹƶµˣȻЩǧٹ֣һͬǣûһ״Ǻÿġ
ʲôƣҿѯʵ
Ǹ˺߹ƣ߲ߣһ취ƳĹƳ棬Ƶˣֱϻһߣʱƣϵ߾ͻʧЩȫʧʱ򣬾֤ƳҪˡ˵ʱ򣬴ѾЩ˵ȥˡ
ҺȻ֮ǰ¥¿Ǹ꣬ǸղżʱµİɣֻǲΪʲôֻ£ûи£ڲôʱҸϽѯʵʲôԽȵİ취𣿡
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һҲ˵ڵѾû·ˣȻǸȥҽţҲֻȥˣܲܰϵĹƸ
˵ʵһ治̫ȥǸţΪܸоȥǸнŵĵطһѲ̫õĶҡ
ʱ򿪿˵ڰǰ·һǰǸ˵ģȥҽţһҵһڹҽ
ʶⷽ𣿡ҿɻ
ҡҡͷȺӵĴǵû㲻ˣ˵ˡ
һ˵ֻȥҽˡ
ϵ߳뻹ʱ߹ƣûʶһЩƵˣ󿪿һ¡
ұ˵ûеģ֪ΪʲôСӰϴκСֱҶûôϵأ˵ʶƵأ
Ҿͺʹ˵ԣȻ˸绰С绰¾ͱˣСӵ绰ͷ˹ɵҴ绰ˣһΪء
æ˵ĸˣҵԸʱ϶ҪСЦһ£֪ΪʲôܸоߣȻ֪ΪʲôҼȻǿסЦĳ嶯С˵ˣ˵⣬ûʶùƸְϡ
٣Сӿ԰ôòϵһϵҡû£Ͳ˰ɡһ˵꣬СԵеˣҶʱҪߣ϶Ҫҷˡ
֪СӾЩ˵˵Űſ˵ǱһʶǰǰƢеŹ֣Ҳ֪᲻㡣
һ·Ҳһæ˵Ƣòˣôҵɡ
ȥŵһºɽ壬ɽɽȥǻǵ÷һЩģ˺ɽ壬ǵ˾˵СȥľͿˡС˵˵Ͽʵզˣôȥˡ
Ҳ鷳ͳ˸ѣŪȥŰѵ绰ҵǰĴ󣬿˵ϢҵˣڲŵǱߣϢ˵ƢеŹ֣˵ѹǡ
ԭЩƲҵıʱҲ˺ܶ࣬˵ȻҵͺðˣƢŹûɶٹʦ𣿡
ҿӣҲЩΣϾΪ˰ҵģû뵽ˮˡ
ҿǸʱҵֻҿ£Ǹİĺ룬أһ룬ԼûʶǱߵ˰һǽ
սͲǱߴһ޵˵˾ιŴȥ
һ֪Ϊɶƺʹһ޷ܵħΪĴŪЩҵ˲ƽ
Ǹġ
һ˵е¡
еңɻġ
һһߵĴ󣬿˵ǸҹǻزȥˣЩסˡ
֮ǰҪҪκˡ仰󣬸ֱӹҵ˵绰


58 ն
Ļ䣬֪ΪʲôﰲȫбԼûз֣ҵİȫоͺһ޷ܵħһ㣬һ
Ҳ֪ϵģҲô֪ҵֻģʱҵԺֻһͷ
Ҫ
ҺȻϴһѪܵԴɽҰֽ˴ĳ
Ļͼ̫ˡ
ȻҲע⵽ҵı仯˵˭ĵ绰
Ҿ˵ϴΰҵǸ˵ҪһˣҲ֪ʲôʱʱλ˵Ҵʦֵ
ˣ֮ǰһֱˣ굽׻ȥˣôƺ˲ٶҿɻ
ٺһЦ˵ǰЩҲǴ䵱ɽҵ𣿡
ҵ˵㣬ɶϵĵط
ʱһѱһ˵Ϊ䵱ɽÿѾˣ⵱иۣûʸſǮȥⲻһ֮Ҳˣִȥʿˣ䵱ɽ϶ǲҪˣһССĵʿƲۣʱҲ֪զģȥɽԱת汻һͷˣͷʦ
˵Щ߶߶Ŀң˵ʦ˵½ɼĸˣ֪ն𣿡
ҵ˵ͷκμǵ˶֪
ʦͿն˵⻰ʱϵı鶼һˣͺֺϵͽƵá
𶺣˺㴵ţ˰ûĿ˵
ҡҡͷ˵ҲǺ㿪ЦĿΪһصĸʦԿֲǲ֪ѹǸܳԿˡ
һҲԣЩնôһ顣
룬Ϳ˵ϴο顣
ڴλĵڶ£ʱɳǱиŪʯˣʯ󣬾Ȼɽһ
Ǵ汻ģ˻ΪǹĹأ˵Ƶ˼һϣһСżˣŪ˵¿Ӻͽȥˡ
ȥ˾û֡
˼죬Ǽ˵Ҳ̲סˣҴ峤˵ȥ顣
峤һֱţֱ˵ǻµ顣
ôǼҲǴˣٸоĲԣϾҲһӣͷ̧ͷġ
֯һȺˣȥûܾܲȻ
սȥͿһ˶Ҫ׳ߣ߻ѩףͷ϶ʦ˵߶ѾˣͲһԾˡ
Ǽ˵ĳ߶Ѫǧĵлһܲ
ѾѪǸɴͶɱ˵ˣʱȥʮֱӱǴ߸һ룬ܻľֻˡ
ϴ峤ҲǸˣ˽ܣɽߵĵʿͦģˡ
ʦƽʱ·ƽεˣ˵ģʱʹϴʹ峤һȥǸӡ
ǱʯĴǰʦΧɽתȦ˵ˣѾȾѪûлĻԵˣкԹ˵Ѿˡ
Ŀ϶ӡ
ʱ˵⻰ʱͰϴ峤ŵòУæʴʦʲôܹİ취
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ʦôһ˵ǴĴȫŻˣһĸʦͷȴһ
ʦ̿ôΪûǴӦ˰ǡ
׼˺ܶƶΧһһȻһЩŴף߰һЩ
ԼľһŻֽ
Ȼ۾
˵Ҳ֣ʦձ۾ɽǱ߾ʹ߷˻˻ر죬Զõ
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˰СʱʦɫԽԽ԰ףɽǱߵҲʼ
ʦ۾ʱ̾һ˵һźʹ˵ǴѾԼնˡ
˵ţʱͽŶоš
ȻһȺ˾ͳǸȥߵڣͿһ޴ͷڷǣ˿ڴƽôǱеӸġ
ղԼʦӣﲻμдκնԼʦ϶ҲõնķӸնǴߡ
˵ʱҲЩãȻô࣬ҲѾЩЩŵĶˣնô˵δЩ̫һɡ
ѵϻЩɱ˵
ЩŽɣʱҲЩûİһۣ˵ͷ϶֪ʲôɽɽˡ
Ȼ˵ͦô£һЩţϾѾĶˣҾͿ˵᲻ʦӣһȥǴ߸նˣȻƭ˵նİ
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һ˵ʦ֣鲻ԽĴһ
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µǲ¡˶٣˵֪𣿡
ţежоҲ죬춼Ҫһµ͡ҿ˵
ͽ˹ȥ˵ʦ־ˣɻˣе˾ϲдһ£ƽʱɽҲд裬ϰҿʱǸˣҹƵһ
֪ΪɶҺȻЩڴ
ʹǸʦ֣˭㡣


59 Ƥ
ϸ룬ʱĻҲ֪᲻Դʦһ
Ҿʮа˾ŻԸԾԲκӵġ
ϻˣҹʦЩ궼æڱİƨɣ޲ðʦָɽϡЦĿ˵
˵ͷŤƨɿ˵汻˵ˣϴȥҴʦֳɽѶȾ˵ʦ
еʦնˣܱסͽܣȷʵ͡鲻ԽЦ
ҲЦҺȻԴĴʦһ棬˵о޵֮˾͵еƢУʦֽɶͷɵúúʶʶ
׳գգ۾˵ʵҴʦֳ˱Ƚ֮˻ͦġ
ΧŴĴʦ׳һſ˵ղǸ˺˵ϻع֮ǰҪ
ҾҲǣϾһͷԷںõĿˣ֪ˤʲôǽһá˵ͷ
ҿŴֱѾʧһصĺߣ˵֮ǰȥŵ˾ɣȰеĺ߹ƸˣӦòֻǼ¡
ðգҸоһԳż졭˵һ룬ֱָָۣʾҲˣһ˵ȥ߹ôҴϿĲһ̫˵ɡ
Կʼ磬ʱ仹磬ǸϽȥŵǱߣȰˣٻĵĵȾȱô
ͷ˶ǵ˵ͷ˵˾ԡ
ʱ¿ջϰ壬ôȥŵջϰһҪȥŵ˵԰ǱţֻԼȥġ
һԼҪȥĵطе֣ȷʵ̫㣬ǾôĹȥȽϺã˾Ȼ֪ɽģҺʹ˴ĵ˲ŵ˾˵֮·ˣҵƥȥȻͱڵģһСĵȥ군ˡ
ҾͿ˵ⲻܰɣ˶ϲȥĵطȥ
ǵĸЦЦ⻰˵˵УһɱЩ˵Ȼܵġ
Ǽɻʲôģ˵ͷ˵֪ˡ
³Ǻܿҵˣ˵ʵʤҲ˲أɽɽˮˮĵ˻붼ǿάֵġ
֪ҪȥɽǣǸ˾ЩɻĿң˾ʲô
ѳ˵飬˾ҡҿ˵
ȥɽ壬һ˰ʮ顣˵˵ͷǱ˼ۡ
һʮǮȷ󣬾óһˣǹȥһСӵԴСӴߡ
һҾˣզôСأҾС
ɽһͷܰСС¿һҲ˽ϵ¿С˵һ䣬Ȼǵһˡ
ҺʹҲƥȥͦ˼ģС˵ƥа°ŵͷйͷǿ
ϸһͷеͷǿ
Сǽôȥ󣬶ǧҪҪǳġ
һʼ·ͦߣɽҺʹ˶챻ˣ۳ɽڶʮˣˢˢˢȥˡ
ŵҺʹ˸Ͻӣһˤ
ʹҲ˴СʱſһƬǴӵĵطҾСǲǺɽ壬С˵ǣѾе㷢ƨɣп˵һǵˡ
νɽ⻰ûȻѾǴˣǻʮӣŵʱҸоԼƨɶѾЩˣ˫ڲģܵҪ
Ҵûһôϲ˫ŵصĸо
ǸӣҵһֱƴԼƨɡ
Сƨ¶ûУյͶ֡
ͷСɾˣ֪ԼǮתͷߣͷ¶²ȥˣֻһٿǮСҲֵĲУ˵ߵĴӺʹ֮ϵ̫ãͲҽɽˡ
Һʹ߽˴ӣӲҲͼʮ˼ңȫ·Һʹ˽һ־ǡ
˸ȽϺƵˣӰһ̵ݸϵĽ䱸˺ܶ࣬
˾ģܴȥ𣿡һֱӰҺʹȥֻóŻƤڳš
ҵȥ˾˵Ҫ㣬Ҳܴȥ˾ģ˵ɫҲ˲١
֮ǰֻٶȹ˾˾й߽ĹְԪʱ趨ģڷڸϵ岿ͷĿ
ȻѾйˣЩطǱѡ˾ַס
˾ɽĵλ϶ܸߡ
ҾͿ˵У˵Сйģæ
˵˵ͷˣһת˵˾ǹȥ
Ȼʹǹȥˣ˾סķӱԱߵЩȷʵҪ̫ˣȻҲľ¥ȴΧһȦԺӣԺһЩ˵ֲֵԺӶŪɭɭġ
ǸյſڣǴ·˾ͣſڣ˵ֱӽȥͺˡ
Һʹ˻࿴һۣˣܲܰ;ϰɣǸ߽ԺӣͱԺĶŵˡ
ԺһطʸŪһȦȦһЩɫķĩŵȦĶ
ȦȫǺߣ˵Ǻɫߣ˵ƤߣһƤ˾Ϳ϶ˣЩȴһȻȦȥǽ󣬾ȻԼͬĳǿ˹


60 ƹ
˸߰氡ѪÿοоԼëοЩ߻ô֣ǰƤģǹ죬Ƕġ
ǿŶģҪǵæžȴ󣬷ǵòˡ
ǸսأЩƤ߲ǿڿʱȫֵߵ˻˻һֵֹֿġ
һͷ´󣬿˵ǣǵƤòðɣ˵Ƥúòࡣ
ʱͼˣȥΪ㰡Ժɶɡ
һҲˣ뿪˵ʲôʱ򣬴߳һŽţβŮСŮһۣĿ˵˾ǽ
Űϣʹһ˽ȥ
˾ɭɭģҲ֪ɽʪ󣬻ʲôֵĶҽȥʱо̫ãܾʲôڶңһֹһЩĿжŨŨĵ⡣
豸ܼ򵥣һŴһӣһţһݵͷӦþҪҵǸ˾ˡ
˾һǣдһ˿Ҿˣûɶզ͸оԼɵˡ
ȻǶкܴĵ⣬ҲȥǳܣιҪĿľеǸ߹ƸˣȥϹϾĶ˾һ˵˾ˣ˵һ󡣡
˾˰֣߰ɣǿСѾͷϣǾͳȥˡ
һ£֪ŪʲôҲûʲôôˡ
ɫҲ̫ãҲоˣǳӵĶǴ
ǸƢǰʱ򾭳ľȭͷȥˣڰԼǶ˾һ֪ʲôطǰˣǰָ㣬
ûȴ˵꣬˾Ŀ˵ȥɣկӲӭ㣬ԹûĻ㣬׽ɱ񡣡
һ£ʲôҵ֪Ϊɶ˾᲻ӭǣʹϻѪء
ɲð˰
һٴξһ˵Ĳ֪νǺɽֻնɱð֮
ƻĺСӣѵһܸоϢɣʱǸǽСŮҲݺݵĿ˵
ʱҺȻӦ֮ǰ˵ʦնߵ飬˵Ǹòʦն˵߰ɡ
ҾʹչȥԼ뷨˵¡
ŻȻ򣬸Է治޶£ӣƺЩ˶ߵģʦɱͼһҲѹǻ
Сģͷпɱǡ
һ뵽⣬Ҿ֪·߲ͨˣһͷϹϾĿ˵ȻˣͲߣ
£Ҫǲòһ㣬Ҫͷ߰ƤԻȻҲǸƵģ˵Ƶɱ˶еģҪɱ⣬ҹҲˡ
ŴߣͷȻסǣɫЩ֣һΪɵǵľģʱҲŵ
˾Ŵ󣬿˵˺߹ƣ
ҼתϽ˴һ£ŷӦ˵ǡ
˾ͶԴ󿪿˵ҿ
˾ˡһ߿ŵСŮ̲סѵ
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СŮ˶ţݺݵĿһۣתȥ
˵Ҳ֣˾˵˳ȥֺҷΧŵĿҲˣΧϢҲɢ˲١
йŹ֣룬ԱֶΣҲ뿪ˣ˭ŵ˰˵˾Ƶˡ
ߵ˾ǰԼ֣Ϊ߹¶߸¶˳˾ˡ
˾һһìܣìܡ
֪ǰʲôìܵĵطأҿ˾ӣæ˵
ʱɲܲ˵øϽ컬İ˾ƹȴ
˾˵¹ƵֶǽһŵģʱͽеìܣʱҶҵĽӼģպҪƾʩ֮ƣҪ֮࣬˵㲻СѾͷķϣҲκѣȴԹ
ڰ칫õȻ֪˾ҪҸһ̨£æóԴ쵼飬ĵ˵˾Ļǽݱ飬´ԸҪǴ컯󹦵¡
һ˺üſ˵οͲʲôµˣɱ񣬶üʬմȾԹǡ
ƨĵ˾ЩˬˣȻկĵλȻߣɽ˹ֱûлƨģְ칫ҵȻܹܵ˵ġ
Ȼ˾Ҳ¶Ц⣬֣˵ѾͷڹǼļٽʳȡ
ſںܿʹһ϶Ǹղ뿪СŮġ
һҾͼСŮһһСƿӣƿװľʳ档
˵ʵǳԹڹǼģûڹǼĵһμҸϽȥ˿Ҳûͨɶ
˾ùƿӣôߵǰ
˿أû
Ȼ˾ƿӣҿƿһһĶڲģʳ档
Ȼ˾Դϳ˸ͷʳϣֱӽʳŽ˴


61 ҹ
ǳӽʱ򣬴Żһ£˾ϾͿ˵Ҫʳ棬ҲȲˡ
һϽˣǱЩͳʺƵãҿһܸоԼҲ䶯ļˣҲ֪ôˡ
һҿˣ˾ֿڴĺϣһ°Ȱؿڵʱ͵һǰʳͷҾͿԭʳ÷˲١
°ɣ˾һһ̵۷ڴߡ
æ̵۾Żǿ͵͵´³Ķһ͸ˣ³ȫ˺һ̵ͣ۵֮һ䶯ЩղžڴĶţҲо
Ǻ߹û£ȻҾûǺ߹ƸŪҲҪԼˡ
ȴ˾ÿǸڹǼĵұΪڹǼĵǺɫģҲеʧͨļûɶ
˾Ѿµɫ׵ĴɻȥȻǼڴĺȥ˲ʮӰɣĴļʾ
𣿡ҸϽʵղֵһĻѾҸоޱȶˡ
Լɡ˾ڹǼڵϣҳڹǼļûоʲôֵġ
ʱҲӵùڹǼļⲻãһֲ³ˣǵƵĵطʱѾûеˣʣֻСС棬ÿһͷ˿һϸһС鵰Ƶĵطۼ˼Ҳ֪Щô͸Щ׽ȥġ
װļ̵󣬴˾˼ͷ֮պ󶨻౨
˾ҡҡ֣ʾ뿪
ʱǹĸоֻˣҼ˾˵ʹŴһȥˣȥֶ˾Ӿһ뿪
Ҫߵʱ򣬸ղ˾濴ѾͷܳóҩǣЩ̫ԸĿ˵˾˵ȻŴ㶯ˣ϶ݵģʱΣˣԳŰٹƵסˣٹƵûйƵ£ҩ֮ûȷԼй֮ǰǧҪԡ
˵СѾͷתܻȥˣƺһ۾ͺһ
߳կӺ󣬴Լؿڣ˾ͽʲôԹȻǿɾˡ
Ұһۣˡ
һΪġһۣŤͷߡ
Ҳȥ֪ѾŪǺ߹ƺҲ˲٣֮ǰܸоʲôڱһ
Сӻڣǻˣֱ
ɽɱɽҪ̼ˣҺʹ˱ӼֱһСʧͰǶŪˡ
ǰȫˣɫͦ԰׵ĴɽɫˣǽɽķúҲֱӻؿջˡ
ȥ󣬴󿪿˵ĳȥԵ㶫ɣҶҪˡ
ҵ˵ͷûԶղŴôࡣ
Էʱһ´󣬾Ϳ˵˵󰡣˵Щĵţ屶СĿ϶˲ٵʰɣɶݵİ
ζŶĴһѷϡ
ִ˻ţƣŻؿջһȥֱɴϣ˵ˣҪ˯ˡ
ڴ˯ȥҾͿԼöٹƵ˵ʵٹƵرÿͮͮģؾ¡
ԺܻԼһҾͰöҩڰĥһȥװ
˵ʵɲ٣ϣȻǱ˼ƻ˵ģҪҸȥĻΪ˹ƣ϶Ҫȥҽŵģ˾ŪˣҲ˵ֻҪŸʹǸʦͿˡ
Ȼ֪Ǹʦжڰ˱ʱͼ˵ģοϴָܹ֮ҲΪ¾ңθҲٰܲҰٲ
˾ͲиһɣҲоԱߺ죬Ҳо˯һſҲ˯˹ȥ
˯ʱһֵΡ
μ˺
ĺһֱץҵ֣֪˵ʲô
죬Լ˵
һֱץҵ֣˵һ󣬾Ȼ˳
ȻͺӴĲ࣬޵ʱĪĸоᡣ
ҾȥοһԼܶˡ
ֻĿź޵滨ꡣ
һֱ߶ŶȴԼͶˡ
͵һҴ˹ԼĺȫǺղǸҲ̫һɣܸоץסҵʱǱߴ¶ȡ
ҡҡͷɬЦЦһŮˣôܿް
ҲǸֵΡ
Ҳ֪ڼˣ£Ѿˡ
ҶҲеĥҪҪдһȥҹͽ´󣬴ǱȴһûС
˯ˡ
Ҿȥϴ裬ɽŪԼһĺͻҳҸ´ͷֵʪģˮ
һˮģ
ܿ죬ҾԳЦЦ;˲СĸİɣӹģԼЩɹˡ
Ҵ򿪵ƣ˯죬Ҿ֪Լ̫ˡ
ֱߵԡ棬ԡͷֱӿʼϴϴһҾ͸оЩԾˮе̫ˣͺñ鶳ˮƵá
ҸϽˮŤˮȥϴһôҶÿˣͰˮˣֱӳȥˣˮš


62 ӡ
³ҵʱ͸оԾˣֻоԼñģҲ֪ǱŵûǱˮܵá
ͷһˣ»ͷʲô߰Ķ
Ҳ̧ͷ˭֪ûʲôҰ
ҶԼһľͲˮѪˡ
ʱ䴫һѾֵˮŪе㾪Źȵҵʱŵˣϴ裬ˮһ壬Ҳûʲô
ڲͣţŪһԼĵһ㣬Ȼ󿪿һ˭
⴫Բе˵ΰϴûⶼˡ
˵Ҳ֣䣬ղŻزϵˮʱҲͣˡ
ĥſջ̫ûסˣˮʲôĶе㻵ˣղԼԼġ
һɣ˵ɶʱŲãǵųţҾͰɣûĿ˵¶ࡣ
ٺһЦ˵
Ҳ壬·һף߳ȥˣҸ߳ȥͼҴҵĽȥˡ
СӸġ
صҾɴϣĥһһȥҹҵ˺һҲû
ҾЩͷĿ˵ɵƣɶʱð𣿡
ˣӲ洫˳Ǹղ˯ˣСӵЩƵġ
ҾóֻұС˵һС˵ûӶĹˣҾͿڴߵѾأⶼһСʱˣǳʺʺ
شûˣҹǶߣˣؼʱأ˵
Ҿͷ˸С˵ȥˣֿ˴СʱСӻûӲҶоЩԾˣôˣ¶ҲӦûشһ°
ôһûˡ
ҾĥſܳˣҲЩ滹ûɾ˵ѾεˣҸϽȥ
ûأһŤͿˣҽȥһʲô󣬲ʲôûС
أ
һ£Ͼ͸оһɺӿͷһҪԼ侲ĵǹɾҵĿ־ȴôɢȥΪ־忪ʼҵ
ڼʹվ⣬ҸоԼ
ʱ⴫һٴĸ
Ҳ֪Ӧôȥָڹװÿηŵ鲿ֵʱ򣬶һŮóķʽֺĸ
žëȻ
ҵĺѾ亹ʱɵҶ֪ԼײаˣҸϽȥѴıƿûд
ͺƾʧһһ£ϽóֻǱߴ˹ȥ绰ǴͨˣǱȴһûС
һļžҸо־һִǶһĪĶֻߵĶ
СĿ˵һι
Ǳɻû
ʱѾµ˼£´ӵ绰ͷһŮ˵ЦϽѵ绰ˡ
Ҹչҵ绰ֵĳȻֹ
Щȥ򿪵ƣΪһ򿪵ƣῴʲôֵĶʱڷ϶Ҫ˸׽ˡ
ҧҧЬӶôˣֱӳȥ
һ͸оʪģǺ񻹲ˮճӣͺѪ
ҾԼЩֲĵطȥ룬ȴ֪ô£ǻðһЩ߰뷨
־֮Щ޷԰
ҿʼЩˣʱ飬Ȳϣȥɶ¾Ǿûôˡ
ҲܵЩճҺˣžžવĲŵذ壬Ťžܡ
մţҾͱǰһĻŵˣϲ֪ʲôʱһ׷ۣ¿£ԺҲ˰׷ۡ
ԺмǿҲ˰׷ۣͺǸ¹ѩһ
һǰ׷۵ζˡ
ΪҷЩ׷۵ζڰ˱ʱŵЩŴ׷۵ζ
ЩѵǴģ
ӦˣƴЩԾˣûңԼȥˡ
һطζܴˣҴһ´û˻ңȥˡ
Ҿ˳ҲߣҸ߳ȥ͸оĿģִճ⣬һӶ̲סĶ¡
ȻҾһЩЦ
ŵðȾܣʱڿջӦûˣЩưȫˣֻҪҵ˶ĵطЩණͲҸ
˸о޾ЦƺҵĻţЦĸ޼ɵ
ҲԭعͣˣϽ¥ݣ¥ȥ
ܵſڵʱȻЦûͣȴһֱûгʲôֵĶҲһʱעջԱ߹ȥһиưɣȻǾưɣǿ϶˲٣
ҸϽŸ򿪣Ҫ壬մţˣҷҲ˰ɫķĩ
ֶǰɫĩѾǿ˵ѩôˣǴһ˿ĸо
ЩŴ׷۾ԲǴŪãôŴ׷۵ģֵŴ׷ۣ˭֪Ҫٶ
ⲻǴŪã˭أ
İȫ
һ£ʱЦȻͣһܸоʲôҪˣҲһͷΪܸоһͷͻʲô汻
ΣգҲţջණڣڿջȥ
ҾͳߣҸ͸оԾˣΪ۽ǵ⿴ˣҽűصŴ׷ϡ
һޱȵĽӡ


63 ʬ
͸¹⣬ҿҵӰԱ߾ȻվһӰӡ
һģӰӣЩĵЦĽСҲôΪ
ȻҲ֪ʲôҿԿ϶ǣûۻ
ǸӰӵӣƺֻҵһߴСӦǸСӡ
˿ڿˮֿһӰӣӰѾʧˣƺҸղſĶֻǻþ
ߵǸӡȴʵʵĴڣôûʧ
ǰһǸӡǰϾͶһӡ
ͺǸСһֱԱƵá
߷ûκζ
ʱҵֻˣһ£Ͻóֻ£СģʱѾŻˣС绰ˣϽ˵һιԼԼѾЩˡ
СӶ洫˹վǱ𶯣Ͼ͹ˡ
һ£СϾ͹ˣʲôȻǿЩʱҸϽ˵㣬ˣôվŲվһ֪ʲôҿȴ˽ӡ
СǱ߶һ£Ȼ󿪿˵ֻᡣ
Ҳ֪СΪɶô˵һϰֻŪᣬҸᣬСͿ˵Сף
С䣬ҾͿС׳ҵߣҵ½أǲ԰׵Ϲһ˿ֵЦݡ
С׵һ˲䣬鶼֪Ӧôȥˣ⵽ͷСŻҰ
ղԼǻŵӣҾ͸оԼǸɵơ
˰û뵽ŵðĶȻСס
СС󣬲֪ߴ˵ʲôСǱϾͿ˵ɵϽߣС˵ջиŮˣһֱڸ㣡
С䣬ҾˣʲôС֮⣬иˣ
һоԼͷƤ췢ˡ
ô죿ҿ˵
ߣ˶ĵطߣֻẦ˸ˣʤأҪǳ£군ˡС˵ֱӾ͹ҵ绰ˡ
һ£Ͻѵ绰ŻԼĿ㶵棬һߵС׿˵㿴ļǹ
СޱĶҵ˵ͷ
ҿѯʵ
СָָĿջʾŮ˻ڿջ档
뵽⣬Ҳһ˵߰ɣ
С׵˵ͷҵ½ߣҼС˵ĻҪ˶ĵطߣȻ˶ಢܰණߣôҾͲôϾẦ˱ˡ
һ̫һ㣬ô࣬һϣһ˶ûУҪ֪ڴйʱ򣬼ʹǴϵģҲкܶ˵İ
ɻʱС׺Ȼҵ½ǣҸ뿪ô£Ϳϸҹп
ҿˣС׸ϽҺָָ֪С׵˼ˣ˵ղǸڿջŮˣʱѾˣ
һҲԭ˷֮ˣϽȾ
Ҹܣұ˹ΣǰˣС뺦㣡
ԭѾֻޱȵҲ˲ҸתͷܿӲĶס嶯
ϴΰ˱ʱѾԹοˣ϶ණƭһͷ
ûлͷˣأ
ҲȥȾܣȻ˵С뺦ҵʱľСҪңղСҴĵ绰ȻСġ
СܻẦңҪ뺦ͿԺˣôܵȵڡ
һС׺Ȼɿҵ½ǣĳȥҹණѾ׷ˣСȥסԷˣ
ܿ죬ʹһŮ˵Ųɢ
شǸŮ˵ֻС׵˻
Ů˵ʱҲһ£ܸоŮ˵Ϥ
ܿҾˣֹϤҲͱ˸ˡ
ⲻҸʱǸŮϰ
һ뵽⣬Ҿ֮ǰ˵ģʲô취Ůûа취ܹ˵ʤľֻˣ
һںһ䣬СףţϹ㣡
Ҿֱӳһߵһҷ˽ȥξ㣬ضǣȻҪҵ껹ǱȽѣ
Ҳ֪ô£žȻûйأҸճ꣬Ϳһſϣǻ˯ȥˡ
ҲǱ˺ˣĺƻȥˣһ³Ͻͳ˹ȥ
ճ嵽ſڣһƣͿһڲĶӳ˳һһڲĶȻһֻè
ֻèе֣һĵطȻûë
èϾʹܳȥˣǽˡ
Ҳȥʲôèèˣڳ￪ʼĵذ࣬ҲڵϸоԼĽŵװճģһɺŨѪζ
ܸоԼȵĶģеʱһЩëëģܸоԼȵĶʲôʬ塣
һ뵽⣬ҵĺ󱳶ë
ҲͣİοԼеѪζûʲô˵Ҳûʲô
ܿҾͰοԼˣΪܵĳ̨ϣ¹⣬˳̨һʬ壬Щʬ嶼Ūķ飬Ѿʲôλˡ
̨ıԵͣѪҺ
ÿһβͣһЩճŵĻɫƤë֪Щϵģ
Ҳ˵һ·ǲʬģ
һʱ䣬洫һǼЦȻС׵İҽ


64 
С׵İＱľ͸ƵãҲ̨Щжˣʼ̨ϵûˡ
ܿ죬ͱҵһΣҸϽǰγȥϻضģҪȥСףҲӿ˽Ų
Ҹ߳꣬ͿŮһֻץСףͣЦš
ҳˣҲң˵һΪأû뵽㾹Ȼ
ҰԼŵηŵûŮŮ˵Ŀң
˵أŮЦһֱӰСһһźݺݵĲȥ
С׷һҲʼð
ҪҸоС׵ĲҽУԼĶʼѪ
ܿ죬ŮСײ˵ڶţһȥСֱʧˣ
ˣСףˣ
ȻССһƽʱ˵㣬һңȴһܹɵС
ЩǰһС
ҿһʲôҲðʲôûУô죡
ԭطʱ򣬺ȻһЦҵʶҪͷͿһֻ԰׵ִҵıҵգСһû뵽ĻͦݵģȻԸҡ
Ů
ŮоҲЩ̫ãŮֻţģƵá
Сôˣһ˵ҵһ˿Ϊ£Ƿŭ
ûŭֳ޵˼ķŭ
˵ǸСŮдһ˿ˣڣֵˣ˵ҶϵĶ˭Ҳܴҵߣ
˵꣬Ҿ͸оŮ͵ؿҵĺҾ͸оԼĺǱǯӸǯסһܵҪ
֪Ҫô޶ȥС׾Ͱˣٴһ͵͵˺ǰΣһϣ͵һĨŮǿסҺϣ
ͣ
һֵȻŮĲҽ
תԼǰŮͷŮȫʼð̣ڵϲͣĳ鴤ͣķĲҽ
ĶŮʱĵĳѾЩ־ˡ
С׵ģҵǰͣĸ֡
ȻֻһֻССȴΪҶ
һеԭΪ̫ˡ
ûΪ̫ˣ
и磬¾ı£С׾ͲΪ
ɱСף
һ뵽⣬ҵ۾ҲŮİʱҲ
Ҫ
ҪֿԲñΪҶ
ŭͷҰ޴ĵǱãΪС׵ڴӺڰ˳һûң
ŵϲͣŮȥץסŮĲӣһѽӵץ
ʱҲŮоŮҲûֿıĸУ෴ģһ˿־壡
֪Լųʲôһͷޣ
ʱҵԺ治֪ôģӿֳһ֡
ҲľҧԼָ˳ճպմ⣬ң£»湰ݣƱգѳּȼã
ҵֱָӴѪŮĶͷϣڲҽŵŮʱеĸӵĴ
ҵָڵ㵽ŮͷʱоԼµȫˣŮɫȴޱȲ԰ס
Ѿʼͣ
С׵ŭӿţ
ɱС׵ģ
ҾԲҪҷ𣬶ʮ˲пĿ̣ó
ǿסҪεУҼֳ︡Ƕֿʼ˳
δԽˮ硣
Ԫ壬

Զ
ʱŮѾûˣ˵ûˣθʴƤƵ͸ӿˮ̳һ
ҿһĻȴһҲоޣ
СˣСˣ
Ҫ
ͳɣϲ飬ɡ
侭նҼĵʱ򣬺ȻһȳѾȫŭɵ˲Ūѹ
һʨӺһоһԼĻǶҪˣ
ֱŤкܿתŻ¸У˫ֳڵϲͣĸŻţ
ܿ죬ҾʹӵһŲŮϣҪԼǴѪָϣҷʱһִ˹
ɵаľѪǻģ
СͬѪһķŭС󳹵ɢã˹ȥͿŻ۵С˹
ɱСףвʵĿں
СûҸоΣգͰջػˣҵľѪָأСٴδʱҵͷһɣ͸оԼǰһڣڵϡ
ιȥʱһֵΡ
εŮˣһŵۣǧ˿һտɫ˿ţֻӰܸоƯŮˣҷԼͲʶŮˡ
ŵ۵ŮſֱվҵǰֻһӰȻͿĺ͵һֻëצӡ
ѪʼŮ˺ƯĵϵȵĺɫȾοһƯ޵ĵ
ȥŮתͷһЦ
ڿŮ˵ˣΪС
ҪҴξȻѹԼ亹ʱһǿҵӿ
ҿ£һİķ䣬ɫһɵ㣬Ǻš
һޱϤĺҵĶתͷȥÿ˴Ƿ˯
ʱ֪ʲô˳ҵ½ǣתͷȥÿһƯСҵĴߣ˫԰׵Сҵ½ǡ
СףĻţ
֪ΪʲôҺȻоԼıŵǹԹһɢˣתͷȥһĪСףرĴۿе˳


65 ʧŴ׷
ң챣ӣСĻš
СˣԺᱳʹΣҲУܲɵĻȥ
е˾ҽ飬ϾСںܾǰһΣֻһͷСˡ
ȴôΪСȻֻһֻСΣյ£ѡңܡ
ڰ˱ǻǼѧ
ʱǾ仰˲繷
ұС׿һȻɿ˲ԼᣬһľګСףЩɬЦЦҲԣҲû
˵ҾЩˣ֪Ӧ˵Щʲô
ʱҺȻСԭľګŵоȻһ˿⣬ȻҵȻģȴҸоһ˿ů
Ҫ˵Щʲôʱ򣬷ű˸ƿˣͿСһڵĲ֪ʲô˽ңҲЦ˵ɵ㻹ɵôôΣյķ䣬ʹң侭ʹȥҺʦãȻ㺰ʱɾˡ
ҿС֪ôľ˸ղǸجΣСƺΪ˱Ҷġ
ҡҡԴӦÿŵ۵СȻʱþСΪҶģԲŻֺ޸ݵΰɡ
Ҳ˵СǹڵĶԱߵϣȻߣ˵ˣ侭˭̵İ֮ǰںżʱʲôᰡż죬㾹Ȼ侭ˣɱŮ
ŻȻ˵ν侭ڼŭʱԶԺģô벻ʵȥͣͶС˵˵Լ𣿡
𶺣Ϊʦ𣿻Լ򡣡СһۣȻҵĻ
Լıӣʱ˾Խ˵ʵԷԽ㡣
һСִ˹˵Լģ
ǧȷһο˵
СЩ߶߶Ŀһۣѵ˵ϱӵļȻˣʦ˵̵ĸ˶ܹתû˵ĵҲת
ʲôϱӰһ߷СĻһȴ֮ǰ¾˵ĻϱҲ˵׼
˲˵ˣʦòԪξѪˣûʮǲģԵúС˵ţϵǹڵ˹ȻЦЦ˯ɣҾͲˣ
Сվ󣬶С׿˵Сףߣ
СϴҵĴıյСߣСҪˣҸϽ˵С
ţߵſڵСЩֵתҡ
˵ҳĬһ£ʳ˿ڣһΣˣ𣿡
ôܣɵҵֵǮ죬ҿ϶жԶܶԶС˸۾˵
ҵ˵ͷ˵ĻжԶܶԶֱΪ˱Լĸо̫ˣ治ٳԵڶˡ
ˣˣ˯ɡС˵仰󣬾תˡ
ҿ벹ԪȻͮͮģһǶһȥˣе࣬ȵҲ³
ûãһӿƤɽһأֻ˹ȥ
ٴʱ򣬴ѾˣҴӴʱѾϴôˣоԼǿоԼҪȵĳˡ
ҸϽӴһѾˣҲ֪Լ˯˶ãƿ˳ȥ
һģСջԺӣ߳ÿԺľϣ۾֪߶ʲô
Ҫȥǵʱҵ½Ǳ˳һ£ҿ£Сס
˵Сԣ˭ã϶ӱĶ˺á
Ȼ١
ȥСףҲϺųŴȥˣҲ۾ң˵ˣ
ȥˣզʱû㡣ҶŴ󿪿˵
ЦЦҿණҪ㣬ʱȥˣתܣϸȥˣû뵽ණĵͦȻҸŪǽˣת˺þãҲ֪զľ˯ȥˣ͵ˡ
˵ģҲ£ҲСʦȹġ
ֻǲ֪ιȥʱ浽׷ʲôӹЩŴ׷˭ġ
СʦĻʱΪʲôң
ЩҲֻܵС˲ˣҶŴ󿪿˵»ҪܣǵҪңɱԼˡ
Ҳ㣬СӸͽвѣʱҪٽ㣬ණɾˣ鼱֮²Ż׷ȥûĿ˵
£̾˿δҶûг¡
ɲͳˣ治֪ĸ˽ĵΪ侭Ҳ±׸ʱӸ¥һ
֮ǰҺѵתͷȥÿһǺӵĵʿվǶҵıЩ̫ơ
˵Ҳ֣ʿȻЩˣȴһҲо˫۾ɫģ͸ճӤƵá
Լչӣңˣ۾Ǵŵɫģٿִɫ۾
Сˡ֪ϵʿΪҺòô˵ģڵǸ
ЩҲۣи㡣ϵʿ˵
ǰʡҿ˵
֪ӹһÿ죬ȥҲŴ׷ǺΪϵʿĿ˸˸Ŀңʵ


66 
ϵʿ˵仰ҲˣʲôĿȥҲ죬ϵʿһӣ˵˵Ҳ֣ҺСȥʱ򣬾ͿŴ׷ۣӹҲȫ˯ȥˡȵߺ󣬵ڶһ磬ҷЩŴ׷۾ȻȫʧˣһĩҲ£˼Ҳ벻ͨʲôܹһ
ϵʿ˵꣬Ҳһ£һ˵ҲʱؾѾŴ׷ˡ
ףˣ׷ȥʱ򣬵ûŴ׷ۡʱҲ˵ҵļûŴ׷
⵹ˣиڰб㣬ֻǲ棬ķӣһܹ֮˳ҵ㣬ҲΪŴ׷۵Եʣһӡֱͨڵλãҵ󣬷Ѿʧȥʶʱϳң׷ȥˡϵʿ˵ϸ룬ЩŴ׷ۣеǧǰʦùķš
ұϵʿ˵еԺˣզֳʦȥˡ
ʱСҲڣСϾʹҲСԱˡ
С˵Ϊ㣬ڵëˣ
С䣬Ժһè˳һͿһֻͺһĺèԺӵǽȥ
ⲻҽʱ򿴵ֻëĺè
èģҺȻǳص⣬Ϳ˵ˣȥλŮʱǳ涼⡣
ǽƣҪǴڣԳȥܾҪˡϵʿ˵
ƣϴοҪ뿪ɭֵʱ򿴵ͷѵźǸںųֵŮ
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㻹Ҫ´ΰСһۣݺݵĿ˵
ʱϵʿȻң˵԰ѾѪˣΪʲôڿ
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ҵһ֮ǰǸصͷֻ˵Ǯҵȴû˵ʲôĶ
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Ҳ£ϵʿô˵ǸǵжҰȻðǴΣնҪҵ
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һϵʿӣ㵽ʲôǾԼ˶ԷʱȻҪ·ˡ
ҵǲ˶ףҾѾܸмˡ
Сȴϵʿ쿪˵ҲȥҪԼߣҼȻﵽɵҿ϶ǲߵġ
СӣҵҲЩжҿ˵ɵѾͷҲûðǺʦһȥɣĥҲӦùˣʱͿˡ
ǡСҪ˵ʲôȴ˰֣˵߰ɣȻʦǰ˵ģǻѭıȽϺá
ðɣСҲЭˣݺݵĵϵʿһۣȻתͷңɵԼɵСĵ㣬ǧڸ֮ǰǧҪ߳լӣһ߳ȥɾΣˡ
šҵ˵ͷ֪լӿ϶ǵĲãڸʹʦû֮ǰӦȫĵط
СǸʦˣСߺҲЩ꣬СȴûһΣʶУаСӣ֪ľ͸㶨ôСӣǿˣСѧˮģ֪ѧˮ˶׬Ǯ𣿸ѡĹаҵǣһϰ򣬶һЩҲᾭһЩѧˮ˼ɣһ˵ֵǮɲȰ˿ˮҪٰ
ǮˡҰ˴һָۣоԾô˵˵źСһƵãæ˵ҺСֻͨѹϵ
𣿿ɾ֪Ů֮ûдѹϵŶҿóӾǿˣǽһˮЩɫԵĿ˵
㡣ûĿ˵
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ҵ˵ͷûϵ
˴֣Ŀ˵˵ģȻ㲻Ҫҿɲˡ˵ʵѧⶫЩħĵʿ׬ǮˣҸˮŮѣԱ֤°뱲ӵаοѾͷô
Ҵ㵵ͣŴ󣬲֪Ϊʲô˵ҺȻоԼĺᣬǿдԼʲôĶһ
ͣԼ˵κεĻҲԣȻ㣬Ҳɽһͳˣʲôǣ컹ΪԼСĵĳ˿
һֱͣȰԼ
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ҡҡͷԼ߰˦棬Сֲҵ˭Ҫûʧġ
ȻǸϵʿ˵ǰȫģҲÿųȥˣȸõѡڵľеңϵʿ˵кܶ࣬Ǹ뺦ҵˣţŮʱǣˡ
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ģ֪˸ǶôҪˡ
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֮ǰС˵ģ¾ĲкëЩģ¾ΪʲôҪ֮ǰĹ¸ŤĻһҪ
ʱҲ֪ƿơƣһƿ˵Сɵʲôأ
ҰơƸҧһڣ㲻֪飬˵ٻܲ𣿡
Ҳ׬ˣ룬㶼Ѿõٶˣ꣬ǮңҶҪҪҪһˡûİһۣ˵
Ұһۣекðѣڿеϵˣ׬ǮˣǮ˶࣬ɵģƭ
̾˿˵Ҳԣҵûͨ죬ǲ֪ʦԸҲԼıȥǮüҶǲֱ˵ˣһ㱾µĻڿ϶Żȥˡ
㿴㣬Ŀ𳤣ڹŴһʦļһҰ˴һۣ˵
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ҵһ˵ô˵ԷܿҪˣ
˵ͷЦеɬҹģǸҪˣ϶ǣ̫鷳ԽŪԽİ
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Щ̫ŵĿŴ󣬿˵𶺣ǵУʦİɡ
˵꣬Ҷ˶٣϶ϵǱˣǮȻ㲻ȥġ
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Цˣʲôʱҵʱ˵ɣ˵˵ǸС£˵ʵСһͦȤģܾûô˼СˣСûȤͱСŮˡ
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ʲôʱ˵Ļ档Ұ˴һۣСӾ֪ڮҡ
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ȻЩҲʲôҪ³ǣǺèͺǿƤϣ˷ۺɫСⶴЩϸ΢ܼ־֢ҿرܡ
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ƺҲĵĿ־壬ЦЦ˵˵ͬȻǲ֪ʲôֵǮģ˻ôĴ㣬룬ȻǸܺͽˣӦþǰøȥƳ棬ӦóƵģ룬ôġ
˵ˡͷƤ
ƺҪƵã˵Ȼа֮ȴײͷԵʱſ϶һͰĶϣȻûȥͰ»Ϊ˰ȫ϶ѡܣͰѾܲȥˣֻһ취
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󿪿˵Ȼˡ
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죿һ£ѵǸղűŪ𣿡
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˵˶٣תͷңèʬȻǣǵλñˣ˭


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Ϊʲôأѡ͵͵Ķںң
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ʱ򷴵Ȥתҿ˵𣿰ȥ־ǸŮ˰濴СӻͦĺĵİСѾͷǱи𡣡
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ɫԽԽڣҲʼЩҿԼҵķҲ࣬ϣֵܹɡ
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ʱ˾Ҳע⵽ҵĲԾˣϾҵӿǵħƵãһ̳һ˵ǣ̫һɣ̻һ£һǷʲôż°ɣʱҲûãԼ侲
һ˾˵е˵ͷӹ˾̣һŸоԼŵ˺ܶࡣ
ﻹǺܽţΪ֪£ҳһܴͻһɵ£ҵøϽصɳ֮ǰܰѴȳϾ޹ģֻǱǣġ
ڽУʱرҸо˺ܾõʱ˾Ȼͣ˵ǰǰɳˣӿȥԼ߽ȥɣ
лˡæϹ֮ǰǸܹȥϣҪ£


71 ЩҪ
ҿٵĳɳҲҵҰסǸԺӣԺӿҰ쿴Ĳûʲôһһ˹ȥŸƿ
Ժܰ˵ǼžһûУܿҾͷ˲ԾĵطΪҺʹèǸطȻ˸ˡ
ҹȥ£ĺèѾ֪ˡ
һѾʼ鿪ʼŲõķչˡ
ǸõķƫƫȴǶġ
úһһۡ
һҸо˾ۣԸǳŲãҶҲķչ
ԺҹеëŴͣҪ˻ֲͱӷ
ȴԼͺֻԭأͫҲûһ˿ɫʡ
һһΪҪҶˡ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪ
Ҫǿ
ǿκ˶׵ҵ
ͷһôҵҪõ
קȭͷʵȭͷŵ棬ȻѾճѪҺ
ðɣǰʱסٽʱ䵹ת
תߺ󣬴ЦһתԼַڿ㶵ϹĵɵЦݣԼԴǵɵЦݿʼ˴ɬЦ⣬Ȼܲ⣬ƺһҪˡ
˵߽˸ղ뿪ԺӣԺеǸʼٵܿ죬Ǹղűȥèʬ˳
Ǳ鲼ĺèʬ壬ЦЦǣǿҪһˡ
תص˷棬ҵ˸֯ȻǺèʬװ˱֯棬ű֯ȥ
ܹ֣ҪȵҪ
̧ͷЩ̫ȥ⣬Ц漦Ƿˡ
˵ֱŤͷߣûдһĳɡ
߳ɳֱѩɽѩɽһ󣬵һĵطŶǼ֣ҲЦѡҵأҲһһȽϽܳˡ
˵ֱӽ֯򿪣èʬ˳ԼղüӼĶӲЩӼ
ȥЩӼ˳ȰЩӼڵϺ󣬿ŵӼȻһֻè಻Ƿôأ
˵ֱ꣬ӴԼİóһѾ̣Լơ
ѪžžવڵЩӼϣʱֵһĻˡ
ԭճѪİӼӦǺɫģЩѪڰӼƺûгʲôֻ˵ֻܴһ
ϾͱЩӼˡ
ЩӼʼǰǰɵһӼгһϸͷĽ˿Щ˿ӵһðͷ󣬾ȻʼͣŤ
ϵЦҲøӵĹһһԼƣѪȥǰǰɵĸܼ
ԽԽĽ˿ӰӼгŤһ󣬾ȻƮ˿УͺǱ紵һ
ȥɣӦýеˣ
Ϊʧ˹ѪҺ촽ʼЩˣ˿ڷڰˮŸо˺ܶࡣɵƣǿɾƽˣֻЩİƾʲôֱҶ㣡
˰Լ۾һ̫Ķûʦ˵ҪȥطΪһ˵ҪҳһҶȥɵ˵һȥɾ˵
˵һ룬ʼЩĲ᲻ʦ
ĲһԼ۾ʱҲʼЩˣҪˣһֱΪʲôȥУ飬ģҲö𰡣ҰֱŪˣһˡ
ʱΪ˶ҶȥˣûСһȴһӵı飬ԼǺÿ
ֲһ۾漦ͲѾԼˣ׼ޣʱǿ޳ˡ
úûţһȥվʱѾˣԼıóһѷȻԼΧʼЩŪ
ʱмѩɽ·һĻɵһ£ȴƺʲôûпһһ˿ĽԼЩʼķӦôŵĵط
±紵ߣÿһŷʯͷǷѹס
ʱܿ͹ȥˣһŷӦ÷ŵλȥʱЦȻѾҪˣôɴƴףȻ뺦Ҵֵܣ͵ģ
ʱʱѾˣɽеԽԽˣСʱûмһ
ܿ죬ҹˡ
ҹи߹ŵëɽ¿ȥ
Ƕɽ¿ѾһȺʼĴɽɽǴ
ʱ򣬳ֻһȥˣѾˡ
ʼЩЦ˻ϣЩǱԼҪҪġ
Լһֻ֣ȵϲѪҺʱһѽѪҺӡԼؿڣȻҵĵвܶʲôܲܰɣҴɲһˣ
ʱɿʼӵǿƺжһ˿ϢһŻĹƳζ
ԼϵѪҺһ˦֪ǲɺϣ˦ЩѪҺΧеķˣЩڷųķںҹж˵ƹ⡣
ǸǣֵҪһˣ


72 ŭĿ
ҹи߹ŵëɻɢ΢ޱȵĹâҲ֪Լ˼µ棬ĿԼѪƣһѾоʹˣʱȴ侲
Թ԰ĵȥֻñѾ˵ľøӻѰһᣬܾܲȵ
ҲʱźǸҪҵǲѾҵˣڲôڹһήɪɪҪЩʲô
ҽҵǿܹԼϢķ˳ڵϣһȥ
ǶôҲҪ߳ȷһ
ȷһҵ硣
ߵԼ֮ǰ˯ǸſڵʱЩԥˣһˣҲǽźǸ˵Ķô죿
Ҳǻ˸
ȥ˻ЩҼˡ
Ҹ磬ʱֻԼñΪҶˡ
ѾԹζҲٳԵˡ
ԶҪֿ̹ģ·õŵĸоҲҪ鵽ˡ
ĬĬİԼҪȥƿŵָ˻»صԺŰڵϵķҲ˵ȻЦݡ
ɣ֮ǰһ˭Ҫҡ
һ㲻
ʱҵľȻûһĿ־壬ƺѾȫԺˡ
˵ʱ˵һֽѡ
ôӲдĻȥ۸ˣˣһ˰˵˲Ÿò
ľֻһˡ
ҿʼˣԼ֮ǰΪʲôҪѰİ취ԼʱûȥɶûиԼĻǴͲˡ
Ҷİ
ҺۿоԼѪҺھҵӿţƺԼܹоԼѪҺˢˢ
ŭںޣʣһеĸҵԺ
ҪһͷײԺ
ǲҪҵҾʲôò
ֺ£´ûĻǿܻôйߡ
ڴûбҵĻôóóȻˣҲɻ۴
ҺȻЦǣ˵ĻǻȪ·и飬㻹ûĻԺڵʱǵø㡣
˵£ɬЦҲԣǸ˿еҵ꣬Ȫ·Ͽܼ档
ٲµ𣿡ѪԼıӣоԼδ˵
ΧĺʼԽԽŨֱ̹ǵĺ֮ǰڳɶ˱ʱ
ⲻͨĺ䣬Ǵɷ֮ĺ䡣
֪ˣЩڻˡ
ɣһӤеȻ֪ˡ
Ȼűƿˡ
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ǽŰɡҿЦſ˵
ңһ£Ҳޱݵı飬Ǹѣ
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һ£ͣԭأΪҷֲ֪ʲôʱʼҵ߾Ȼۼһڲ
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һĻԭѾޱľҲʼ⾪㤵һĻŵþѹԺеĺⱻҵĿ־ȫѹסˣҲûһ˿Ƣ
ΪֻҪǰһ˵Ϊ󱨳ˣԼҪЩеùͷʣˡ
ںɭΧСֺҷ߱еþĹͷͣˣҲЦĺˣҲûɱѣһͳĵӰľѪĴ֮ôô׾أһһİװֵģÿȡѪҺιʳҵ
Ķ˵㴦á
ЩζĿңЦƾʲôǿ𣿡
Цû´Ļ㱳ǸӦûҪҵְɣôͱϻˣҵѣҾͰҵָ㡣
ûҪˡҲҹɵٴη˳ڣѾҪˣҿҵĴа
㣡Ķû뵽ĵǰȻûκá
ңЦҪҷŹҲԣҹ£ͷ˵ǵ̲аҹΪѧͳ
Ҵ㵵Ŀ֪ΪʲôʱĪҪҪҹ£Ȼ˵̲ʲôΪʲôҪ˵
ؼ¹򣬵ܿҾͰ¹ԺȥˣֻҪܾȴ󣬱˵¹򣬾ҳʺҶԸ⡣
ĽԼϥ
ңҲЦʦʦ
Ҽǰһ˲䣬һֻϸ԰׵סҵĸ첲ӲĽ¹Ƹס
ҵ󱬷һģҲҶҺչ˵˶֣˭ô󵨣
תͷҹɫµĺһŭĿ


73 ɫ
ĳ峿ĵһƳǰĺڰȫɢҷĿźЩΪʲô֮ǰһֱ֣ڲų֡
ڿ˲䣬Ҳһ£źԭѾޱȷЦҲ˲䶨񣬡ߣ
ߣʲôһ¡
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˵꣬ϸָɿҵֱۣڿ£˫ɨһͷ˶Ǳ䣬ǰҷ
֨֨֨ôһ𣬷һ־ĲҽΧЩΧҵ־Ĳҽȫˮһȥ
ԭЩӵԺЩȥ˲ÿյģһûӦ
˳ȥʱҲˣץԼͷ˶Ĵҹһĺͷӿʲôս
ݺݵҧһֱۣʹֺͷһͷССķ˶˲ʧǰ
ЩʵĿҺͺ𣬱Щ粻һΪʲô
ΪʲôЦΪߣ
ΪߣҲҪ㣬Ϊʲôֵ𣿡Ķź
Ҳ֪ͺ֮˵ǵʲô˼ԼԼһЩƺһߵݣΪߣƺ׳֡
һ֣϶ʲôԽܵĺ
һͿԽ͵ͨΪʲô֮ǰֻұţȴһֱңΨһһλϴζŮһҲûжŮֻ֣Ůˡ
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ΪôŵңĶź𣬵ɫȴѾЩ԰ˡ
һûֱӻشĻҲûж˵ʲôֻһֻ̽廨ЬĽţڵϣΧ˲ý
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ͺû˵һֱ̤Լһֻţ߳ԸоһȻʶĺ˺ü
ֺܲһ㣬ĶңֻһˣһʧˣһΣûҪΪ
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Ŀ˵֪ģͲҪȥҪ飬ûʵǰ£֪Խֻ࣬Լĸ죬ͺϴӹһˣΪѪĹˣһѵ֪𣿡
ҷŴź𣬿˵˭
ƺûлشҵ˼żһ㣬ֱʧԭأתһȦȻûзǴʧġ
ôȻĳҵǰ˽źֺͻأʧˣһš
˵Ǹţ˵˾ǸţҷҶȫ˽⣬ȴر˽⡣
ƺʱ޿̶ҵߡ
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һʱ򣬺ȻоΧĿʼճ
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ҷˣСŮҲǹҳһޱݵЦݡ
һ˲ҸоԼñһӿͷ죬Ҫ˵ЩʲôȴǷʲô˵
СŮȻЦſ죬ѿԽԽ󼸺ѵˣͿȥڶġ
԰ɫһְɫĹ⣬ҹԵرĿ


74 
СŮʱҾ͸оЩԾˣȻǽŲôˣɱ˸ǹ
ֻ˵Ѿ˺ֻǿиɣղѹûߡ
ĸɣ˵ڵѾ
ҪܣԼ˫ȾͺǱǦһصҸûа취ֻ̧ܿСŮԽԽ
֪ȻѾ˵˰ڲٳˣǾǰڲٳˣΪҿĳߵĺܼڱ߽źɫˣȻ˺صĴˡ
ʱ˶ԷϣôңҲûþˣҵԼԴϢĻᣬò취Ѵȳ
һͣͼҪ̧ȡ


ҸоԼϵĺˮҪˣ˫ȴɻǺ̶һͶˡ
һҧͷҵʹԭ·𱻶ֱָӣֱӳ¥ܡ
Ǳ߿϶ǲˣ˭֪ǲǣĥſܵ¥ϣȻ͸ȥɳôҶġ
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̫ûˣӶ¥ʱҸоԼһ£۵ģȳŽţŰٵܡ
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ǵҩûô࣬еҳȥûã͸оԼθڷʹžҵŻ¸ҵθ﷭š
ĳһ˲䣬Ż¸еһٽ㣬æſڵϿʼһʼʲô²ֻܲͣڸŻ
ܿ죬Ҿ͸оʲôĶҵĺ䶯ţǶ̼һ£ֱϡﻩŻ˳
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һ쵽ǱߣĲǰһѪģСͷ­ճģ滹һЩϸë


75 
һϽÿÿ˲䣬ǸĹһצϣҵϸӳһѪۡ
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ƣҾһ亹ҲֻѪģĺèˣֱץϵİҪܣ
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˵Ͻ˺ȴǱһȺΧס
ʱҾɵҲ֪ԼŸΧˣʱѾû·ˡ
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ŵʱһ˵㻹ҳ֣Ͳ߳ɱ𣿡
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֪һŲˣҲԣſ϶ҸĵϸҶ𲻻ٳˣôܻ᲻֪أ
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ǧҪˣ׳ѪֱӱԼĻſˮ˵
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ҡҡͷѪʮĽͷһηԼǱһСĴߡ
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ǰȺ˶ǵģϴζҲģҲû⣬׳һ
ȺһĸܣֱǺӣϻɽͺܣЩΪɶЩ˵ֶҪͶҹҵעȴȥˣΪһ߶䣬ȻűǸطȷƽ̹ġ
ÿ˶һŶźǿ˵ɣ˵˵ǵһλǽˣԼϢǮʱҵְɣ
һ֣֣Ҳ˵һɶûǵм˾Ϳɣ
ҲΪϾ㣬Ǳ˸û취¶
Ǽ˼˵ҪǮԭЩŵź˺ܶ࣬ʱϻվ˵ϰ壬Ǹ缸ŪֻεϢǸ缸ģҲ֪ȥ˶ʮĸˣǮܲܡ
ɣٶˣٶҶûǮ׬ˣǿ˵һ䡣
лϰ壡ϻ˵һȥˣȻվڳ˶һ裬ʼĹ
ţֲԾľԼĲ豭


81 ɽ
ӵϼɽģǼҲһģһʮˣǴӺҲ٣֮һźһȥˡ
ڳɳһƬĵ磬˵̫ȴҲСϾһ˶࣬ʱͱ˽ͬһ⣬ܴ顣
⼸ڳɳҲĹ˵һ峯үĹѨ֮׬˲ǮҲΪʲôǼظԭ
ϾӽÿĶǻƽ֣Һ˻飬Ծʱܵһʱ䷢֣Ҳ˲Σա
ȻҪǣȻʶһ֣СʱƭѣһӵζһЩˮѧ
ĹǺ䷢ֵģ֪Ĺ󣬺üŷˮǸתţľ飬εĽǴģҲǻ׹ݵĹѨ
ú˷˺ü죬ͼֵһĥŵһζһͲˣϾֵܼѾ׬˲ǮˣÿﶼʮʮǮؼңӣȢʣ²Ǯ
ʱҾ͸оЩЦ˵̰޾ģѾ˵˲ٴһƱˣ治źǵ֡
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һȺ˰չأ׼˺¿ӣŴףƶ͹ʹҴæȥĹ
ĹɽһƫƧĵطǺд·ʱ俴»淢ֲط
չأǲȥģϾˣȥǼʮ꣬ⱲӶˣһȺɽϰ˵ӣҴæĳɽȥ
ũߵ·Ͼûʲôˣ˵Ѿڲİ˵ˣһȺ˰ѳɽµʱûһˣӴӰóһֵͲ˵缸ҸоһƱȷЩΣգҪСĵ㣬ǽȥʱҲҪ
˶߰ĴӦˣÿ˶ӿڴóֵͲһĳɽȥ
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ߵɽʱ򣬼һСϪ˵˾Сĵ㣬ͷǰ棬ȻѾ˺ܶҹ·ˣܸоλ飬ԺСĵš
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Ӷ˵ˣ룬ϾһģʱҲȷãͼźӼǰߡ
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ģһѪζ
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ûʱҲˣƴĳŰܣϣˮ·ôһţϡﻩľһˮ⵹ǱɽϽȥģȫԼȴطȥˣ
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ֹĸˣֻ˻û
ʱӰֵͲת֮ǰˮĵطͿһεĺӰվһȥֵʬϣĶԼ
ֵͲһգҲεĺӰʲôһͷ޴ĳëͺһȴֺͺӲһϺǱˮʻͼһޱȵĹֲֵ
ɽ񣡡Ӵߵ˳źӵĿ⿴˹ȥҲǸֵĶЩŵֵͲˣ

һĽΪֵͲ˵Եʣ˶Ǹ˾ôϽˮŪģ
ӰһͷɽֱˮǸ˸һȻҧǸ˵ĺԶ˵
ͷѪɽ񣬺һȺҲˡ
ʱ֪˭ֵͲת˶ĺӰһȺȫˣΪľȻվżʮͷɽȫĿźӰߵˣ


82 ʦү
ӱһʱʣȫ˺ӣҲע⵽Լÿ˵ɫŵòҰס
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ҲˣɽȫԼ˿ɶҪˡ
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ЩѾӵѸٰǼʬϵӶ԰ȥ԰һ󻶿Ľ
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ҵ˵ͷڵʱǻȻмðһûãŻȻֱӱչˡ


83 յ׳
Һ׳Żˣ֪⾿ʲô׳ȻҲǵһԭز֪Ӧôˡ
ʲôҸϽʵһе׳ͷϣϽƲϵ
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ӥһˣϽ˵Ŷ滹ʲô˵ͷɣǼ˵˵
׳ЦЦ˵㿴ΧĵΣγһȦõѡ㣬طλ۴ӦҲ˵˭˭ȴطѵˮð취ŪȻŪ˹ӣ
ףӥ˶٣ָ׳ղָŵĵط˵ˮЩɽڵĵطѵҲʲô˵ͷɣ
׳ЩĪЦЦй¶Կ϶һ£ҪĵطҪʬǺ¿ӿɵ׼ãҲҪǰĺ¿Ӳſԣ
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ֽŰһʱĺڳԺڣӷǵǲɣ׳ٺЦЦա
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Ҳо׳СǰԼȷͰ׳һ


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ҸͷԼ߶ǧסˣʲô׳򿪿˵ǹǹ
ǰӥϽóǹҺʹ˼ǹҵһǹҾҶߴģǹӳŵҶ䶼ˣֻоǰһ£ȻʲôˣһѣΣȻһˤϪˮ档
ұŵǧȻҲһȥҿ׳ͣں˵ʲôҸղűǹһ𣬸ʲôУ˵ʲô
׳ıرĽţҲͣİ֣Ŵͺš
Ľһʱҷ֣ӥҲңһĵģʶЩԾ
ʱҲŴ׳п˵ʲôƴǣ棡
һ£ź濴ȥ
һűŴ˵ĹӡҵǰϻֵĻƣ͸Цһ
ʱҵĶҲˣ׳˹
𿴺棡ܣ


85 
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ҵ˲һ룬ͷѾˣզ죡
ŹҵǰѸٷŴ󣬹ֵЦݽҵĴ˵ŵŵǿȳζ
ǹɶŻ³
һͷˣɽֱŴͣҧһæȥһֱҧҵϣ۵Ҵ˳
ҸоԼĹͷҪҧˣ
Ǳˮſ£֪˭лһæԼԴˮȥȥһ죬˺ҵ˲С˲٣Ȼҧҵ֣ҲѾоֹͷҪҧĸоˣ
Ӧǹɽɣ
һ͵طԼѾʮûιӾˣһ½ˮˣͲ֪ԼӦôˣҾҵָûãˮǺ˺üڣΧˮ޿ײһ
ʱȻֻץסҵĽףҴˮϣ֪ˣһҲҼıҸоԼ챻ʱں˿
ҾҵĿ˺һŸоԼֻˡ
һ׳ǼȫΧߣղǧҲʪһߡ
ӥһѾ̣˹һѰסѾǹɽþݣҵϸŪ
ŷԼֶѾɽҧеˣȻû˵ͷһƬⶼˡ
Ȼһ¡ӥɽߵһߣ˵
ǧ˵ͷŵİóƾҳϴһ˿ڣȻҩãһ߰һ߿˵ղȥʱһΪҪأãӥǹҪɽŪˡ
ǿֱϴľʹɬЦЦ˵ҲΪҪأã
ǧ죬û˵ˣϸҰ˿
ǧǰѧҽģر죬Ұ󣬻Ƥñһᡣ
ǧҰҵֱȻеʹѾûһʼôˣһվȥӥҪҧҵɽʲô
ҸչȥͿӥһþõĹӣɽ˰ߡ
ҿºӰǱߣֶѾɽ񣬶źӰߵǲͣŭ𣬲ڼɵʲôȻͣǲ
ҼѾûʲôΣˣ۲ӥ«һɽ
ɽ񳤵úɽе񣬵ȴֲȫɽ̣ô˵أƫһ㣬ϵƤëֻϡһ㣬ҲҪһ㣬ؼϵǹ棬ɽҪֲĶ࣡
ֲݣϸһرйȻҲ̵ᵽݵղӥֿĻҵֹƶѾҧˡ
ҹƵǸղֲֿҧ
ʱӥѾ鶼ŪˣѴɽʬĹӲںӰߣٶȻûŭӰǱߵɽǵϷһЩ־塣
һãӣӥҲЦſ˵ɽֶȻǿȴӲҲ֪ǵܹܲӣںӰ߹ͬʬ壬ǿ϶ǲӵģȻͷҪǳȺ˿ɾͲˡ
ӥôһ˵Ҳ׹ӥǵһκֹ򽻵ˣȻôǵϰԡ
ҲǣӶ֪ɽֶӥһеĸ֣϶᲻֪ɽ
ڳ˶һС֪ɡ
Ȱ鶼㶨ӥſ˵ˣɣ
ȻҸоԼֱۺۣʱȻϺȵʱæվӥһȥ
֪ǲҵĴ˺ӰܸоΧĿдһ㵭ѪζܵҲʼˡ
ҾͿ˵ûŵһѪζ
ʲôѪζӥЩɻĿ˵
˰׳ҲһԺĿңһ£ѵֻҲŵѪζ
֮ǰڲ¥ŵζҲǣ
ʱ׳ЦЦղˣѪԲŵİɣ
ҲЦ
ȴüͷҸҿ϶ѪζԲǴҵϷģطеġ
ΪѪζͨѪζ̫һһ˵ζ
ܹ֮졣
Ҽǲ̫ңҲԼǳֻþˣϾûɶ칦ܡ
ʱ׳Ȼͣ˵ЩԾ
ʲôԾһ£˵
׳üͷ˵һˡ
ʲôӥҲˣ˵ô᣿طǰűְ
׳ߵһߣ˴ϵȻһСƬ˵ǿǳӼѿĶⶫʶʳĳ棬置еһ֣и置֮ǰˣ
һ£置ˣ
ϴںŵʱҲôɳһ
ͬһ
֮ǰǲ𿪵ԵʱĳӣЩ£ǸٰԱӦþ֮ǰںŵĹˡ
ǿ¾綼Ҫɵ˰
ôɰɣ
ˣ˭Сĵͺˣÿ˶ⶫһĹƳ涼ҽӽġ˵׳ӿڴóһƿӣƿﶼһЩĲ֪ʲôķĩ״壬СĽЩĩ˼ŻƷϣȻѻƷһᣬڳһ˷һ
ֵǧʱǧҡҡͷ˵зƵİ취Ҫ
ЩĿǧ
ӹ׳ǻһȺһǰţֻһԱ֮ǰŶˣֵطֲĲЩǧٹֵĹ
ˣ


86 󽫾
ʱɫѾЩˣ׳ڳˣ˵Ѿ⻤˰ɣǾͳзĹЧһĳǽġ
õ϶Ĵ𰸺Ŵ˳ǰ˲аСʱɣŵ˵ͼʾĹĵط
֮ȷΪвٵĿӣȻ֮ǰȺ˸ڳġ
⣡ǧ˵
ǳ˹ȥһӦþǺȺڳĵɡ
ǽڰȥ׳˵֪ʦүĹأǹֻΪ쵹ױ˷֣ŶĹأطҪ˻֣ᷢǹزضһ
ӥĬˡ
ʱǧ˵֧׳ģǵģ˵㣬ǸصģѾϹˣûҪŹأԼյء
ǧ˵꣬ӥҲ˵ͷӥ˶ͬˣſ˵ȻǴҵ˼ǿ԰ɣߣ
˵һȺ˶ʼжӥӰóһӣ˵ǵɽҶԼһ£صڣȥ»·Ҳ֪
֮ǰ͸ȥ˱ʱҲ˸ӣ·ĵطɽǺбҪġ
Ȼλ⣬ɣ׳㶮һЩˮǰ棬ӣȽϺߺһһҲϲ㣡ӥһ£˵Һ۾ߵڶλãҺ棬۾ǰ棬ͼһˣһŮģм䣡
һ֪ӥ϶ûٸɹ飬ŵľȻȵģȷû׳ͷһȺҲ
ев׸߰ɣ׳ǵһȥģֲȥʾ۾ס۾Ľİ۾
Ȼǧֵҵʱ򣬾Щ鷳ˣϾҵˡ
Ӹİ취泶סҺõֻٰ֣
ӥҲܿˡ
ͦڵģǱɢĹⲻǽȥҲֵͲʼһĳǰȥ
ʱ׳Ȼ˵ǽϺʲô
ҰֵͲǽһ£ǽϲ֪ʲôһЩһͷˣһףһƥϣĺȫǾӣֵǣЩÿ˶⽫һͷģر֡
뿪˵Щʲô
֡׳ȴûشңǰֵͲ֣һ߿һ˳žӺͺս
һ£ͷĽ˵˼ǣͷļһ
ţǺŪʲô׳˶٣˫һҲʼЩӦòϸ˵ƣһļһĹѨ
ƣʲôӥЩɻĿ˵
ô֪࣬ûá׳ЩͷĻһ䣬Ȼ˵ЩڻӦþ˵İɣֻЩ֣Ϊʲôĺһأ
ʱһֱĬ۾˵Һ֪ʲô
ʲô׳Ͽѯʵ
Ӧһ˵ɣ˵ǰǳɳһ󽫾ʲôѾˣ˵ϵʮ󽫾·񣬴˵ûˣÿδսֻæԴҶ󽫾ʵ˵ˣͰ󽫾ٵУ֪ڹ﷢ʲôʱ򣬻ʵ۾͸󽫾Ժ󶼽ˡ¿ɸСʱ˲СӰСʱ򿴵͸о󽫾£û뵽⴫˵Ȼģϻ۾ؿڣ˵
һӾͶˣӦúͽһƣ֮ǰͷٻνǵأĿԴһս
׳ʱҲЦ˵ʲôʮǸƵģЩ£ӦǸټģŪ顣
׳ôһ˵۾ҲЩεЦЦСʱĸо
ҿ˵Ļ鷳ˣ֮ǰϵʱƣֻһͷʮżǧĹѨ˵Ҳмĵˡ
׳ң˵ģĹѨҹ㲻ᳬʮͷΪҪԶģĹѨʳ꣬ͶˣԲ̫ģʣĿ϶ҿǸν󽫾ǸѧˣĹѨӦйŹֵĵطЩ϶Ҳͦаŵģͨȥǡ
ӣʱӥȻڽһ
û˵һȺȫˣӥֽһӵ֣û˵ǲŸоЩԾˡ
æֵͲźȥﻹʲôӣӥĺһ˶ûˣԭӾͺ˼һ
ͷҲмϿˣӵĶϺ۲õӸģеǱʲôҧһ
ӵʧڳȫЩˣʱ׳˵ãĹѨˣοֻһͷ˵ĻҪˣҸϽӽ⿪ȻһЩǱӹ̶סһ˱ץס˶ܲ
׳ôһ˵ڳҲȫϽ⿪Լϵӡ
ҵԺȴһֱһʣǾôʧģ˵뿪ŪӺҧӶҪõʱ䰡£ӲûκηӳöԷץ߰
п϶ʲô⣡


87 С
˰Ӷӥſ˵ʧˣҪҪȥ
ӥ仰ڳ˶Ĭˣ֮ǰڰ˱̫¶ЩѧҲҪȥˣȻһˡ
ڳ˶ȻʱѾˣǰǲΣյĵطδ֪ģڵĵط϶ΣյģȥӵĻȻ¶ˣڳѡĬҲȻġ
û˵ӥҲЦЦ˵ȻǾͼǰ߰ɡ
ȥɡʱ۾Ȼ˵
۾˵껰˶ЩĿ֪ΪʲôôΣյľٶ
ǿˣ۾ɬЦЦ˵ҺͬѧҲĿȥ
˵꣬۾ֱӳĺȥ۾˺ӥ̾˿˵ǶҴģҲܿǳ£ǰ߰ɣҸ۾ȥӡ
ӥ۾˺ҿ׳Ϲһ˿Цݣغʱ׳զôЦҲܺ棬׳߹ȥ
ߵ׳ʱ׳ЦЦ˵ŰɣһǧҲ᲻ġ
׳⻰˵꣬ҶʱоԼʲôԼʧģĿľΪӥǶԼ뿪
֮ǰ׳˵ĺڳԺڣһеɻ󶼽⿪ˡ
Ⱥ˹Ȼͬ׳˵ĹѨĹͼʱ϶Һ׳˵ǰ棬Ȼ̵
ҲΪʲôղ׳˵ǧһҲ뿪ԭ
һȻЦȻЩľûһˣȫƣǸ׳ģ׼ҺһĻԻᱻǸ̵ͷʣ
ʱҷеǧ뿪ˣϾȷӥǻҪڳԺڣǧ϶Ҳ⡣
ڶһڼ飬Һ׳˽ء
ּǰһ·˵ʵһû뵽һĹѨȻôҵӡһĹҲͶʮƽײٴˣĹѨҶʮˣ߲һȷǣһֱߣҲ˵ĹѨܾڵһصֻ˵ߵͨĹѨһص
׳ԤϣһǧȻ˵ӥôûòʲôɣ
׳ЦЦӦòʲôɣҪȥҺ˼ǰߡ
ǧҡҡͷ˵ˣһŮӣôҲ֪ʲôΣգǸǱȽϺá
Կ׳ıһ£ȻЩܽʱǧȻô˵
ҲǧĻشˣѵǧǺһģ
ȻˣǼ߰ɡ׳ЦЦ˵
ҴһãһȺ˼ǰţһо¶ȿʼеˣҾ֪Ҫˡ
ʱǧȻڼһļĴǻ
ôˣұǧһһ䡣
ǣǧָָǰ
ҾͰԼֵͲǧָĵط˹ȥĶҲһһʬ壬ӦѾ˺üˣѾЩӲˣ֮һΪʬ弸ѾûƤˡ
ϵƤʲôһʬ忴һֱ̬ĺ죬Ѫһأҿ濪˵ԭʬѾΧ˲ӬȥĿرġ
׳ʬһ£Ȼ󿪿˵ȥһ£š
˵׳ֱӳʬ˹ȥߵʬǰûļ鿴ǰһٵĽŲһ˭
ֱӳǽŲλ׷˹ȥתۼʧӡ
ҵİȫһֱԴ׳׳һߣҸоԼĶЩˣǰһޱҵʬ塣
߻иǧȻ֪ǧһͷĺڰиҲǺõġ
һ°ɣҿ˵
˵ˣȻûлһ£˵𣿡
û˻شңҵʱŻˡ
ϽֵͲĴţΧʲôǧֻһˣ
ǧȥˣ
ҸоԼĺѾʼð亹ˡ
Ҵһǧֻ֣ûУҾͽһ׳ͬûһҡ
ɰҸŵòᣬ⵽ʲôԭء
ֻһˣ
ʬɢĶǻţмֻӬҷɹ
ȻģҲ˵طģ
ʲôأֻ˵ĹѨһѨԲ
һ͵ֵͲְѹѪи˳ѪаγΧĿŸо˺ܶ࣬ʬĸζࡣ
һůӽϴ˹ѪУҲǿҵĲ˲١
Ҿͳ׳뿪ķһ󲽵׷˹ȥֻһ·ֻҪһֱǰߣ϶ǿԼ׳ģ
߹ʬԱߵʱҲоԼͷƤЩ飬ȻѾôЩˣЩʶһЩִ
Խߣ¶ȾͿʼԽԽˣĸ߶ҲĴױһףҼҪèǰˡ
һҺȻֵͲյһ֣һ£ϸĿ˹ȥһѪд֣Ҳ֪ʲôʱдˣѪѾˡ
С
أҵֵͲȻڵˣûй⣬ֵͲһڣɶҲˣæԼϵѪУֵͲùŪ˺һҲûɶá
ʱ򣬲֪ʲôץһҵĽš


88 
һϽһ˭û˻ңҽŵĶ˲ɿˡ
Ϊںڰ֮УҸԼ󵽵ûжڣæֵͲһץѪоǰܡ
ΪܰߵĲǺܿ죬ǸҲߵĲ죬ֻܸоͣĸҡ
ͷһ֪ʱͣ϶ҪˣǿסҪų⣬һͣǰߡ
ܿ죬Ҿ͸оҵǶƺѾûˣһ
ҼҪǰߵʱǰԱߣ֪˭ָŪһ··Ǹù߸ģǴֲڣһ£ȫ׳ߵ·ˡ
ʱõİ취Ǵԭص׳ղǸץҽŵĹҵţͣĻָ׷
ȻԼ˵ëöûУֻе㰲ȫС
Ҹ绹ұѪҲ֪ΪʲôһܼѪˣ˵ľûѪƻᷢʲôҵûа취ȥ
֮ܶ׳ֵǧıҵֻǸİĻˣ
һ֪ڲǸԥʱҧҧ׳ӣԱߵĵ϶ģϾǸֲ룬ֱǸ
ȥ󣬿ռȻͱúܴӵվطȻҪߵĶ࣬վ󣬻ûͷ
ȻǱڳģҲ˵һ·ֻ˵һ䡣
ҾһĸҪһ㣬ΪûıԵѪлһ£Ҳûߡ
ӦĹѨеһɣ
֮ǰǸ˵ļһ϶֪һ䣬Żģҿֹ
еһǽڣ֪ǽڵĺǲǿյġ
ǸӦǽڣǿյģŴ򶴽ģ
һƬڰҵĿʼоΪ̫ⷿˣҸ֪ԼӦôߡ
ںڰҪҵ϶Ҫģһǲˣ֮ǰֵǴξһƬп˹УҸ
ҾѪеգܻ
ֻҪҵⷿǽͿˣ˳ǽߣ϶ǿҵŵģʱҾֱӴߡ
һ뵽⣬ҲЩԼˣϾһƬڣôҵ׳ֵͲ粻££ƫƫʱͣˣҲǵù
ʵղҲӦԼԼֱĽͶԷƴһ£˵ŪԷȻǵȣ׳϶
ںˣطȥеѡ˺һҲѪиǽ֪ѪеõĻƻ̲סһͱҰɡ
ǽͺðˣֻҪ˳ǽߣ;ܹҵڵģҾ˳ǽڵķһȥûҷԼᵽʲô
ģеһӾȻû߷ɣ棬Ͷȥ˳ߵĶһ£ʱŵþֱ
һֻճ֣
һ£ܿҷֵ˺ûжʲô˺룬Ǽȥ
Ѫзŵһߣȳֻһ£ЩأӦòǵֳ֣ġ
Ҫǣûоֱ۵ʲôҲ˵ֱֻһʬֱۣʲô
Ҿ˳ּܿ󣬸ҲһΪȻûƤģѪģģĶġ
һȥܿҾȷһ顣
Ǿʬ˺ǾʬһģǱ˸ƤģҲһʣ˭ô̬Ȼ˵ʬƤҲ̫Ĺһɡ
һǿĵǹӶĵĸоվֲʲôؿζˣ֪ʬûƤĻǰ
ˣǱ˸Ƥġ
Ҳ˵ҲΣա
һǸƤĹҲⷿѣҷԼĺëҪըˡ
Ҳںڰһ˫۾һֱڶҲ˵
ǿԼĵĿ־壬ŵһߵѪУǰţʱһֱվԭؿ϶Ҫģ߿ܲҵһ·˵
һҸоԼĽźߵʲôһ죬ⶫڵϹһȦ
ǽʸеģӦһЩʲôģпܵǸղǸƤǰĹߡ
ҿ״СƺǸֵͲ
ֺڰĻþ£иֵͲǾĶҲôˣֱӰѪԼĽһţèʼֵͲĶ
ҲԼղһŰֵͲߵʲôطҿԿ϶ǾԲ̫Զ
ʱҲ˳ŵһǰ
Ҳ֪ʲôģȻرƽҼҵĴʯ࣬ģ˳ŵ濪ʼԼ©һǡ
һ󣬺ܿ죬ҾǸߵֵͲҸϽֵͲ˹ʼŪţȰһ¿أֵͲǵһ⣬һûãֵͲûл
Ҿ˳ֵͲĹǰţ⻹һ䣬ͦģӦһƽңǸ󽫾һ˵һ侹Ȼһƽ״Сҵڻû򷿣ҲоЩƽ⡣
ʱֵͲֺˣΧĿҲ˲䳱ʪǹĸоʹҵë׶ˡ


89 ȥ
ҸϽֵͲǽϿ£ֵͲһ£°ѹϣһҪûˣǿɾЩˣڰ˭֪ʲôԱ߰
ȻֵͲĹʱָˣղżȻѾֹһιˣ˭֪һ᲻ٳ£һÿҵڲУ
յģҹֵǮĶǸ˵ļһˣֵͲգҵţ˵֮ǰǸ
ܿ죬ҸղŽĵطͱճˣܿ죬Ҳⷿĳڣһʯ뿪ţ뿪ŵʯҲһ¡
òǸղ׳߹·ɡ
Ȼʯô뿪أ룬ʱ˴ԭĵȥϾǺиڸңߡ
Ͼصͨ˴ģ˵һ׳ģһ뵽Ҳ˽ԼĿֵͲ߳š
߳źҷһȣȱ֮ǰߵҪ˺ܶ࣬ؼǽҲ֪ǶʲôȻɢһĵĹâ
æֵͲˣϾйԿˣֵͲⶫȻͷñȽϺá
ֵͲҲе㰵ˣһһ£ЩӦֺڰɫ˵ʵһͦЩ˵ģȻ޽ôΰһĹѨ
һΧĵĹâʼһǰߣһҷǰ澹Ȼû·ˣһ£̫ΪʲôһúõߵʱȻû·
Ĵʲô
Կ϶ǣ׳Բߵ·ȻҲᵽڶҲˣȥǽܿ죬͸һڿصĶ
ǶŪĺأȥĻ϶
˵ڶõѡϻȥصһʼķ·ҿԿ׳ҲԼٺܶΣա
ĵĺȴֿʼ
ĺŪǸأغʲô˺һھǴرȽϺãѾߵˣҪǾô;ϣҲ̫һɡ
ҾͿʼǸء
ǿõĺܾɣǽһССȥĻ϶ģԼָǸܲܰ
һıҰˣһǱ߾ʹ¡¡Ȼһš
£߹ȥ
ֱӳǱ߹ȥ߹ȥҷͲԤϵһװʯףŶķ䣬һת¶Ⱥ֮ǰߵһ
֮ǰߵ¶µģǰ¶ȴߵġ
һ·ҪҪأ
һ߱ȽϺãʵѾЩ׹ˣҪȥ׳׳ع϶ҵҡ
Ϊ֮ǰЩ۵ʱҲǧı£ʱ׳ųСͿҵˡ
һ뵽⣬Ҿ;¶ȵ·ȽϺá
һΧǽڵĹԽԽһһ㵭ĹҲˣΧٴһƬڰֻôֵͲǰš
ţҷΧĸ߶ֿʼе㰫ˣֻú֮ǰһèǰţţҲоЩԾ
ΪҷԼߵ·رϤ˺һĲҸղŽ
ҿǽϾȻֳЩ󽫾ƽսıڻȻٴγǰĵ֤һ㣬ֵͲǵգǾ߱Ƥʬ塣
ѵղ·ǻ·
û뵽ԼȻֻصԭ·һ׳ȥˣ
˵Ҹղߵ·֮ǰһĻҴ·ͷ˵϶Լ׳˰ϾҶһȦˡ
ѵȥˣ뵽⣬Ҿ͸ϽֵͲ֮ǰķ˹ȥ
ȻϣһΧĸ߶ȾͿʼԽԽˣܿҾͿվߣҲèˡ
һ·ղľҽŵĹҲûм
ɻҲʼЩŨ
ѵղŸûгҽŵĹңһ뵽⣬ҲЩΪӥһȺˣȺҺ׳ǹʹҲˣȻҡ
ʱӥǰĻҹҿܾҪֱӶˣѵǲ֪ҸղŲ򶼱ų
֮ǿܣǱȻҪ֣ǻΪӥǵǹ
һȻ˸OO@@Ĳ֪˵ʲôҾʹ˵һ䣬˭
ǸOO@@˵˲ͣҾͿ˵˾ͳװŪģΪҵ𣿡
С磬ȻһЦǰ洫˹һ£զôϤء
ʱǰ洫һҵĹâҵ۾Ϲˣۣ˵ӥ
ţҸղź۾ȥһȦûҵӣǧСأôûһ𡣡ӥٴδ˹
һȻӥǻ˵µľǼʲôӥȻڳԺڣʱӦòڧϾЩ鲻ʺ
ղĪˣ׳׷ˣǧ׳뿪ʱҲŲˡüͷ˵
ӥʱҲߵǰˣ۾Ҳߣеӡ
ԭǸղ˰ҲĥˡӥɬЦ
ʱ򣬺Ȼǵǰִһƹ⣬Һӥ۾֪ƹ˭ġ
һŴǱ߳һֵӰϸһȻǸտʼĹѨʧ˵ӡ


90 ȫ
ӵĳڳ˶ˣӥ۾ܴǵпǿҵ
˸ղŲ㱻Ū󡣡ֵͲߣƿڴһ䡣
ǹӥЩɻ˵һ䡣
ҵȻˣ˵ˣϽҰ˿ڰһ¡ӿ˵
ڳȫЩ£ûһ˹ȥܸоãͿ˵ǧ֪ȥˡ
ŶŶǺðɣˡӿ˵զʱ⣬ôһ·
㾿ǲӡԽԽʱӥҲЩˡ
ӥӣҲԺˣѵӸղŲǹ뿪ģ뿪ˣӥҲȥˣǹҺ׳˵ȷ棿
ûĿ˵ҵȻˣһĹѨ滹бˣղʱиˣֱסҵ죬ͰˣȻԱǽһҾ͵ȥˣȥҲ֪ʲôһƬճģҺòײǼˡ
ģӥ˵
ȻģʱѾߵǰˡ
Ҳע⵽ӵϵȷһЩɫճҺһɶϻŸ
ղǴȥģӥ˵
ǸǸطӿ˵
ߡͷȥǿУҪӽǡеӥ˵
Ӱһۣתʼ·
ЩӥΪʲôôɹܿҾˣӥӦҲƵҺȻҲԼǰҲڱʱһٴ
Ҳ˵ǰӣпǼٵģ
һ뵽⣬ҿӵҲЩˣϾ֮ǰԹһοٳԿɾˡ
ҹӥӰǴȥҪȷһ˵ǲģǸطǲǸɣ
һţһ߻Ǵ·ܿ죬Ǿ͵֮ǰȥĵطָָһǽڿ˵ŵǣֻҪһͻᷢиʯţ˾Ϳֱӵȥ
ӥЩа˹ȥȥİһǽڣǽڹȻģֻҪ΢һ㣬ܷȥһ
Ӧһšӥ˵
ڿ˰ɣģϱ˹ˣղŲˣںˣҪǻǲǱˡûĿ˵
ֻԻ˵ģЩŲͨĹѨĴڣǰ·Ҹղ߹ˣֻһֱ·ǰи䣬˴˵ҽȥˣûʲôֻһţȥһ·һƻˡҰԼղŵ˵һ顣
ӥüͷ˵Ǹ⣬Ҳ˵ĹѨûض·ߣֻаţҪֻͨ
ʧĹѨˣҸղҲòųġӿ˵
ղŴȥʱ򣬿ʲôûУӥ˵
ûһƬճĲ֪ʲôҵʱŵҪֱˡӿ˵
ûӥüͷ˵һ·һ·Ҹղź۾Ҳ߹ˣС˵һҲһ·ҪңǿһȴⰵŹȥ߰ź澿ʲô
ǣղи˰Ҹȥģ˭Ҳ֪Ǹ˵ĵϸ˵ʲôأӿ˵
ҺȻҲղڰʱ򣬻иסҵĽף֮ǰһΪǸڿҲȫǣ֮ǰ濴ЩƳĺۼ˵ĹѨﻹеڶڡ
˵꣬ڳҲĬ۾˵ɣһΣһﻹûеڶţеĻǴǵڶߣûеĻֻˡ
۾İ취õģܸоʲôطԾӥȻ˵ˣС磬⽣ҿܸо⽣Щ⡣
ʲô⣿һ¡
˵ܸо⽣ϴһ˿Ѫһǵң⽣ϵѪп󽫾ʬˡ
һ룬ֿܣϾӥⷽмңȻô˵ˣǻ˵
ҾͰԼϵѪóݸӥӥùʼĿĵĵ
վԱߵӳҲע⣬ֱӰסҵļ򣬰ղǸŵĵطһƣһֱӱƽ
ڵȥһ˲䣬ҿӥϴһֵĳЦݡ
Ҿ֪ԼǱˣӥĿĸͲΪҺ׳˴ȷ棬ȻԼ̵
ǵĿǰѪУ
ҹ֮ǰѾ˽طˣղǸĪ׳ӰҲǣ
һжư
һʼڣƽľң
Ӱƽİźһ¶Ⱥ˵һܶ͵һƣ֧Ųסƽ⣬ľ׹䡣
ĹУĿģҷԼѾõֱѾҪҪˣ˿ڶѾ˺ѿˡ
ûã䵽ϣ˵һ϶һЩճĶ
һ֪ղ˵ĻӦһǶԵģǾĵˡ
Ӧô죿
ȥ
ҿǰһֻܶһֵֻѴǸطȥҪǣҲӥǻ˻ڲǣȥˣҲ򲻹ˣǵﻹǹһСͽˡ
Ҳ˵ȥ·Ѿȫ߲ͨˣ
ʣµģҲֻһ·ˡ


91 Ƥ
øղʱϵֵͲûеҴֵͲʼĴط˵һ䣬˵һѨ
ţһѨճĵӦⳲѨ˵йⳲѨмһƬ֪ʲôɵѣ͸ģõһգЩ涼Ρ
ѵĶˣ
һ£Щףôˣ
ҿЩȫǳ˴СƹһգҷһƬһ۾Ķҡ
һЩ
ţ
ҲǱˣһһЩ̼ܵҪҵһֵֻҿŪЩ
õƼΧţҪҳһ
˵ʵѾҵһܵˣ֮ǰڰ˱һΣֱ¾ŪɵһΣڱӥ˸һΣѾϰˡ
ǰѪ˵ʵ˵ûʲôãǶǸҵģҵԿͰˡ
Ȼﻹе꣬ûٺˣǿϧôǮǧ˰ɡ
Щ棬ǾôҺ׳˳ȥ
ֻҪǳȥˣӦ֪ԼҪԵʲô
ЦȻ׳˵ûӦĹѨĽṹͼһֱǣЩһǣ׳Ϊǵǹʹڷ֣ǵĿǼֵƵѪаˡ
ҿɬЦЦԺĲκ˰
һҲˡ
ΪҿǰһѪܵʬ壬ʬƤ֮ǰһˣ˿Ƿ֡
ʬƺǸģΪҷǱƤĵطѪҺЩѪҺûжס
һҺȻҲһЩԾĵطΪҷһ⣬ʬզôأ
ʱȻһͷЩճҺζôǰЩѵζࡣ
ֵĶζ
˵ǶҵĻܻԼմȾЩĪĶ
ƺʲô
ȴһֱûܹһиϵİԼ̫ѨԼ˼ܹ
ܿ죬еϳҺȻʼԼǱ˸ˡ
Ϊƺпܻ
ӿѾˣǸӣӦþЩ֮԰ӵƤˣԼģһˣ
˵ë׶ʼˡ
Ϊ֮ǰĹѨ濴߱Ƥʬ壬֮ǰһһֱ棬ΪʲôǵƤᱻ
Ѿȫͨˣ
ǾǰЩĹ
ҷ׼ܵʱ򣬴ҸղİϣһˣҸϽԼֵͲ˹ȥˡ
ΪҷǸ˾ӣ
ӵı鿴ѾЩԾˣ˵ڵѾȫˣе⣬ͺƵã
ӵȫѪȴץ·ѪܵĲ֪ʲô
ʱҾǿ϶ӥ۾Ƥ
ΪƵңˡ
һ뵽ҺȻ͸оЩЦ
ƺûзһֱӳһ˹ȥߵһǰ棬ȥһѪܵƤǸ档
ƤȥĹҲѸиӳȻʼҵĲȻͺǴ·һǶƤ
Ҳ֪ôģڴƤЩ徹ȻƤĴСʼԼСܿ죬ͺƤһģһˣѶ
߳Ӷڵϵ·ֱһѵӥ
һߣ۾ƤҲһ棬ʱҲѾʼкƤϵĹˡ
֪ԼʱҪܾҪˣһǻûע⵽ң뿪
ҸմߵʱӺȻҿһۣЦų˹
һĻҪ
ѾطٴһˣѸٵĳԭȥҲԼҲҵʹˡ
Ҹһ£ͷԼĽű˸סˣ͵һֱӽҸڵϣһɶ
ҿ£סҵӣհֱӾסҵԴİҰ˵ϡ
Ϸֵ
һ£ԼͶˣ﷢ЩҾֵķִΧǽϣȻʼĳӡ
Щӳе򾣬ڰĵϲͣ䶯ţĿҡ
ҹЩӾܹһ˵ƤķţҪҵƤ
һ뵽ԼҪƤӣҲ֪ĺȻһӰӸѿˣȻͿٵ
ȥҪأһ֪ʲôֱӰҸײ˳
һ£ˣִһһѾˣٶһȥ
û°ɣȥȫ˰һϤ˹
һ£תͷ˹ȥÿ׳ҪһѪܵĺѪаɣӥǵĿӦþѽû뵽
˵꣬׳ֱӰϵѪж˹ҸϽѪи˹ִһƬȣͺǻȼһ
һ׳Ѿȫ˵ӣ۾ӥЦһ̿ˡɻԼ̰ģԲŶֲ˱ˣ
ͲԭˣڵֻһƤƤĲ֪ʲôæѵ׳Ϊ֪˿


92 ׳
׳ЦЦ˵ȻЩСĵ㣬ͽˡ
˵׳ֱӴԼùһ«һˮȻȡһŻƷҲ֪ôŪãŻƷȻԼڻƷҪʱ׳ֱֽŻٽԼﺬŵˮȫԼϡ
ˮԲӣ׳ֱӽˮĺɫĩԼȭͷϣܿ죬˫ȭͷĨ߰㣬ںġ
ƺ֪׳ϵЩʲôȻ˿־ļУһߣ۾ӥʱҲվĶ׳
Ҽ׳һҲʼֹ
׳ôף򲻴ùʱҷԼϵѪѾ̵Ĳˣͺ͸մӿˮ̳һ
æѪзԼ䣬ŷֹΪܲѪеĹ̶
˵ʵҪǲֵֹģΪմȾǵѪҸоԼȭͷˡ׳Ѿ˵˵Ĺ󲽵˹ȥ
ȻҲ֮ǰֲ׵ĸоˡ
̲סų׳˹Ҹ뿪׳СģͿ׳ϴŵĳ
һһȻֱӽǰӸסԼǰȥǸֶȭͷֱһȭӵϡ
Ϳڵϣ˫ȵ£ûϢˡ
һĻֱˣӾȻֱӱ׳һȭĴˣ
Ҳûɱˣ֮ǰɱŵʱҾԱ߿š
˱ɱȴǵһο
ڸϣҿ˾ԵʵѹгߵĿƼɣɱ˿һֹС
׳ϣֻ˾Եʵѹûһļɣ룬һȭڻ˵Դϣ᲻ֱӰԴըˡ
û뵽Ůһ׳Ȼôֲ
ƤĹ׳ƺΪ׳ɱԼͬоŭ
׳ЦЦĺˣǺܿҲҪȥ
ûҷӦ׳ֱˮһڿһԾһŽӥ߷ɺ˫ֳŵأ˫ȼס۾Ĳӣ͵һ飬˫һ˦ֱӽ۾ĲӸˤϺվԼһĳű߷ɵӥȥ
ӥѾ׳ղһŸˣֱ׳ߵǰʱЩӦʶҪߣȴֱӱ׳һŲ˵ϣԴڵϣ岻ͣҪվȴǱ׳Ĳڵϡ
׳ЦһֶͲӦûϣȻˣȻҪеģ
˵׳ֱ̧ȣӥ׳̧ˣΪˣܣЩҿȥˡ
ޱѪȵŰɱľġ
ҾͱԼ۾ܿ죬ߴһĿô˵أǺһұһ
ʱҲŸ۾ǲҳǸطǿʵЩʲôôᴩƤ
׳ЦŴӿڴͳһֽĲԼϺЬϵѪȻǵһôˡ
ҿ׳Щ̵ĶͷһҪŻµĳ嶯
׳ȴ·һԾûпҿ˵ɲεĿ꣬Ϊ𣿡
˼ǣЩŵιȫҴ㵵Ŀ׳˵ʵںѰǰЩιϵһ
׳Цһ£ﲻԤ֮ĻӦжʮĸϰΪ󽫾ߵĶʮӦþƤˡ
ôܱأҷĿ˵
׳ȴ죬ôͲˣ֮һ㣬һЩȫ󲻵ı仯ڹ涼ʵ֣˵һֵʱҾͲӦôϣΪĸıĻʹһﳯһδ֪ķһƲסͻһƬĻ𡣡
Ҽ׳˵˵ŶЩˣæ˵һʿЩ
׳һۣûĿ˵ҷյĻôͻʿǸʱߵģ֪ʹûҩ˭𣿾ǵʿڹŴʿûҩıըԣװԼٻ䣬˶ԼηΪԼʹߣӶԼĵ塣
Ҽ׳˵ĺƵãҲˣ˵˼㻹Ϲѧ
縴ѧҵġ׳߰ԼüëЦſʵ˵ҲǴѧҵģʲôѧ
ҺȻ̫׳˵꣬˱ˣѧôѧϰֱֻҰѧ˺öˣҲҺÿҷֶֻˡ
Ͼ׳ֻ168ҡ
Ȼ˵ЩǲѾҵԼҪĶֻҪһͿˡҿ˵
мѡ׳ѯʵ
һ£վʼЩЩѾȻֻʮϵҲֻʮ˸׳˵ǶʮĸǻȥˣҿɲѾˡ
׳ɻĿҲЦûû´ĻĹѨӦûǻţѰĿ꣬Ȼⲻǹؼؼڣҷ֣⣬ȫˡ
ôһһ֮ǰ׳˵ҪһһֽȻͬļ壬ܰһָ٣Ѿõ֮ˣ˼ǣĹѨ滹м֮
׳תͷЦЦ³ҼһƳȥ֣¡


93 նʬ
ǿסҪȥ׳ĳ嶯ֿ쿪˵Ҳ²¡
ɵơ׳һۣһ䡣
һɵ˵ԼɵƣݳҾ˲С˹˵͸¡
׳ſ˵ðɣʵܼ򵥣ղұǸӰߣһȦĹѨҷһܣĹѨķˮн裬һϸĹѨʬĻԻᱻɷ֮Ūʬ󽫾ҲǶЩˣԲԼʬ廹Ҫ˺ǲͼԴӿôˡ
ʲôҸϽ˵˵ʵԽ˽ѧҲŷԼѧԽһ֪ÿµ֪ʶҶޱȿѰ𰸡
׳죬õķǺָԼһģǱδΪһЩԭʧԼԭӵе٣ԻָȽϼ򵥣꣬ҪԼٶû취ˣһ취
˼ǣѾԼԼ³ʲôˡ
׳˵ͷȣԼĹѨ氲˶ʮĸɷ֮ڸԼϢʲôû´ĻܾѪʬķ
Ѫʬҵȷ뵽ˣѪʬⶫȴһȫ֪ķ롣
ûԼֻʣһʱ֮ѹסԼȻĹѨķˮԼʬʬѪʬã֮ѪʬɷȻ֮ﱾϢĹѨ֮ںͣ㣬ȻܸȻʱ˵Ǿһ㣬һͿɵóҲˣ˵˶컯֮ήף֮ڸǣô꾹Ȼһֱల£ЩֿԶЩĹ֣Լ壬󽫾־Ȼ벻һ©׳˵
׳˵Ҳһ£Ѱҵһʣ˶ǿ϶ģַѰɾֻЩѧ˲óβҺ׳Ļ󽫾пܵó
Ҳãǣ˵ܼ򵥣Ѳƶ󽫾ҲһӦ̤ײҪˣ׳˵Ϊе£նȥҲ˵׼׳Цſ˵
׳˵նҵȻ֮ǰ¾˵Ļ֮԰ǸҪҵˣ˵ƺΪն
һһʲôϵ
Ҿ͸Ͻ˵նʲôն
㲻֪Ǹû㣿׳üͷ˵
ҵ˵ͷ˵ⲻ𣿡
նʬ֪𣿡׳˵
ҵ˵ͷȻҶѧǺ˽⣬նʬôĶ֪ģϾμ涼˵
׳ҵͷˣЦſ˵νʬ˵նննң˵ԹնʬҲֻкˣӶûնʬʵ
׳˵˵ôն
ǵޣͬʱģնȥʬԼз˵˼룬ƶҲңɣȻǲͬһģ˶ǽȥʤ֮ģԼˣȻնʬҾƫƫҪ׳˵Щ̧ͷҡ
Ϊɶһ־ҪͶԷˣΪ֤
Ȼ׳ֲͨΪľرֵѧϰȴǲɵţȷʵ졣
׳ȡţҲоЩЦа
ڵ׳һҲо
֪¾Ϊʲô˵նˣԼһЩ£ӶԼĵն
һ뵽⣬Щܣ˵ָоҲǹ¾磬ֻǸо¾ڵĿ϶ܡ
ϾЩΥԼԸ顣
콫˹Ҳȿ־ǣշ⻰˵Ĳ٣ʱΪһĳɳضҪһЩĶ
ЦЦ׳˵Ӧô
׳һۣ˵ǻǺˣҵ󽫾ڵĵطĹײģϵ֮ˣȻʬɱ֮ｫϵٲĹĿˡ˵ǳˣϾ֮ǰֻΪЩ˾
᲻᲻̫ðЩԥϾԼľٶǮƲˣüһıƺ
ʲô̫ã̬ҪŶ׳ң˵һӦˣǵĳֿ˵ڤڤ֮аţǾ٣ɱıƺе
׳˵ԴǣﻹЩܲˣ׳˵Ҹղ˵ˣҵѲƶлԼǸﻹҪܱˡοԷǸɱ˿ħ룬ĹѨô꣬ЩˣҺЩŪˣǵľѪǸ󽫾ˣԼɱˣֻԼɱò죬࣬ʲôβˣ̬Ҫã̬ϵġ
׳ĻҺȻ֮ǰ˵ģ֮½вֻͨΪ˺ҵ
һ׳˵Ǹ̫ˣôжɡ
ʱû֣ԼΪ׳˸ı䣬ǰǸɵΣѾʧˡ


94 
ЩԺܻ⣬ǵ׼׳˵
ʲô׼ҿ˵
㿴žͺá׳̧ͷһۣȻһӥǵĿڴͳ֮ǰǵĻһһĿ˵˵ǣ϶಻ãں˰ɣˣǰȵĺһĹѨȻұ֤׬Ǯٲᱻ˻İƤ
׳è޺Ӽٴȱ˼ǿζˣͰͲӥȺʵһһƺ׳˵ˡ
֮ԻǵĿⲻˬĹѨǺÿԸͷһܵõĹľλá
֮ʱ亹ֱӥȺ˴װʬͷۣ֪׳ǸرСˣ˭ܵ׳Сˡ
ҪǰߵʱͨȻнһˣ˽Һ׳˶£ΪǸղĪʧǧ
ǧǺ󣬺ǵĶһޱȾĿŶԷ˵˭
Һ׳һ£Ȼֺǧͬʱ˵Զ㣡
ʱ׳Ҳű飬˵ˣװŪˣŵĳϻζӦòƤôˣǽͽͣΪʲôݣ;ʧˣͨĻǾͲ㵱Դ
һ£ǧû뵽Ȼݵģ˵ݵ˱鲻̫ԣһֱûʲôֵĵطݵĻĿʲô
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ǧѾ˰ɡ׳Цһ䣬置˾ϲףð˾ˣϲѶԷɱˡ
ǧȴҡҡͷ˵ұͽǧҺӥǲ죬϶ʶͰҽˡ
һ϶ʱҲһ£ܿӦţ϶϶Լû϶
ʵϺҵȷ֣û϶ģ˵һεбѪʬץһԼ϶ʬˣֻг
˵϶ˣԲԲҲûˡ
ĿʲôղΪʲôʧ׳ǧע⵽ѾһϣҪٻСˡ
ҷʵѧϰéɽ˺置Ҳûʲô𣬶һһӣա
ǧЦȴٺ׳˵ǿң˵Сܵܣּˡ
һ£û׹ǧΪʲôҪ˵һ֡
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ǧȴȻߵҵǰָסҵ촽Цſ˵ô˺ǸСŮû
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İɣ˼ʱ㶯ֵġһҪллأϴǼѣҵĹƲɹǧҺһЦĸӻ֦չˣԼĿŪܿͰһ鱡Ĳ֪ʲô⣬ͷϣϣϣ°ϣУЩŪ󣬾ͱ֮ǰڱݿǸƯŮˡ
㾿ͼʲô׳ǾĿǧѯʵ
ǧ΢΢۾ǰ׳˵֮ǰҪһ˶̣ҷĹѨʵ̫ˣؼǣ󽫾ĹҪǿϼ֣һ˸㲻ҾǿԺһ¡
Ŷϲˡ׳ҷԵ۹⣬ǰǧЦſ˵˵˵ݣҪôֻ˵ĹѨ棬ļ˵ʲôô
󽫾ƵġǧҺ׳˵һԺ׳ȴЦտĻ
ǧסԼ촽˵ֻҪһǾƵĹ֣ҪҶ
ã÷һͷá׳ǧдŨԡ
ǧ˿Χ֪ܿ󽫾Ĺײһ˵ˣ׹ǣǶ󽫾ƽĲƸѵĵ𣿡
ǱضҪģ󽫾µĲƸҾǿ֣Σ置ӦòǺܸУӦòƲǮɡ׳˵⣬ģº̰ģұ׺䶥ɢó
ɽΥŵԣǧ֮ǧ쿪˵
ԺԸоǵ϶һЩ仯Щ仯ʱ˵ҿԿ϶ǣЩѧѧļһԣӦòµġ
Ҳ˵ġ
һ뵽ԼжͿԲҪϴڰ˱һı˷ͷЩ
Ȼʲôǧ˵һֱһ⡣
˵ǧ쿪˵
ڰ˱ʱΪʲôҪɱǼѧҿǧʳ⡣
ҿǧӦòɱ˿ħΪʲôҪȺѧ˱ȻùŪأ
ǧһܿͻָħŮĿ˵ɱɱ


95 Ѫ
ҿǧ֪ΪʲôܸоⲻĴ𰸣ֻ˵ѹǧħŮ˿˶ȽϿʶľ;óúÿ˶Ǻˡ
С磬׳֮ģֳóģͿ϶ǻˡ
׳֪ҵ뷨󣬿϶һƹȻһѳƪۡ
ʱ׳˵ˣȻѾˣôͿʼһΪ˷ֹЩʱỵǵ£һȰЩƷ۰ǸΧ˰ɡ
ǧȴ׳˵ӦͿǸùƵ˰ɣƷ۾̽ҵġ
׳ȴҡҡͷô
ǧƲƲ죬Ȼ̫ţ׳ЩӥѳĻ򿪣ƷһЩûдΧ
ЩƷȥԷЩԭ˯ŵʼĶ
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ȰƷ׳ſ˵ˣҸղһ£ﱾӦжʮͷɱͷﻹʮͷҲ˵ͷˣͷӦ֮ǰʱЩǳİɡ
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Ȼô˵Ҿͷˡ׳ЦЦ˵ӥӦǴĹѨĽͼӦû֪ϸ˵԰ɡ
ȻǧЦĸӲָԼ°߰ɡ
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ȻԼİóһɫСģãҾ͸оһɵĺڳΪĳ˷ɢ˳ȥ
һ·ǧƺ˵ֻ۾һصĺİŶһһҵȻûоͼȴоԼ󽫾ڵԽԽˡ
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ǧʱѪУҲЩ˼ɡ
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ˣ֮ǰΪģû뵽ѪоȻûĽ֪ղҼ񵽵ʱͰˡ׳˵
׳Ͻ˵ʲô취û
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ˣʱҷһߵĻͺȻһ£һ۵Сӻ˳ĿһۣѪԭ̵ѪСȥ󣬾Ȼ˲ñ


96 Сĺʹڹ
С׳ͷСѪЩ㵵Ŀ˵һ£Сǲȥ˵ģ߸رС˹ʺˡ
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һ׳˵ģǸСӦǰҰѪĹ̸ǿжˣҲ˵ѪвҵľѪȴҲѾʧˡ
ЩѪȷͬ׳˵ǰˣҸǣԼܻˣˣ͹ˣѪǾˣҿɲٳԵղԼƿео
ʱѪЩӿѪɫ·ҲʼһȵѪЩѪɫ·ʧСŴѪгԭ԰׵ĺǰֽգҲ˲٣ұҲ˺ܶࡣ
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ڽҲע⵽һ㣬еҲԽԽˡ
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ڽǴ󶴺ϳԭ·ˣҹСĸŵģϾСһҪѺڽץı顣
һ˴ѹֵЩģҾͰСĴҵĲԼɵСģ˵Сģ֪ļ𣿡
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֮ǰ׳˵ģСĵܿҲ֪Сǰʲô顣
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97 ڹƴ
ʲôôһ
һĹڹֱӳ˹ҧסҵһҽУֱɿ֣ҪͼѴڹŪ
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֪ҧһͷĴڹԲСܹвĵģҪС֣СĶûʲô֮
СĻǰоرĸжҽŴڹŵСԼ
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СĵɫίҵĲӣСš
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ҿСһܵӣͿڰĹ鶼˵һ飬󣬸üͷ΢΢Żƴɣ˵·
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ҷֻƴĺ¸磬ֻҪһۣ˵ˡ
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ŵĻƴһ£㲻ʿɱ裡
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ҾȻһֱһֱ治ɫĸ羹ȻЦһ£ЦĲԣֻ΢΢һǣȴҸо綼ˡ
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ֱֹҲǵģһ쵽Ҳۡ
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98 
˵ʵҺܾûпôܰĳˣԴյǸǮҵһֱǽһȻǰһֻСһͷһ׶ߵĴڹڿ񱼵һĻеΥ͸УһǸоɡ
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룬ǸͻƴæȥԸѾѪʬ󽫾ˣչ˲ңԲŰҸɡ
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СƺҵľѪԭ͸ҲʼıһȻϻЩᣬҲɿͣʱѾЩվסˣ˸طţŻ˵ļˣ˵ôˣզŪһˣ
̧ͷһۣû˵׳ǧЩĵԴ
ƴ͵ǺѸٵĿ˵һͰˮεţһƵĲЩҲˣƫƫǸһļһﾹȻҲΪѪʬôöԸǧѪʬʹǱ𣬿Ҳߣ㾹Ȼ͸Ұˣ
׳һۻƴɣұ죡
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׳һ£ʲô취
Цһƴһѣص󶴣ȻϢλָ٣ȻõĻͿԳɹ
񣿡һ£Ȼ֮ǰСڰ˱ʱǸŮˣʱС˵éɽĵ֮һ
׳ЦʲôЦһʲôéѾ˲ˣһܳɵʲô򣬹ѪʬһƹͰɢ˰ɡ
ƴҲڸ͵԰ҿСϸûʲôУǲȥˣ
ǧȻû˵ȴҲһȻ̫ҡ
ȴûǣ̧ͷң˵Ļпܻ𣿡
ҸоԼĺһͣҴûлɹ磬Ȼ˵ܹ⿪֣ôҲ˵ܹ
֪ΪʲôϵѪҺʼΪҷԼڲһϺȵˡ
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99 ͭ
ҵͷ󣬸תͷ׳˵ѧľéɽӦéɽɣһ
׳ҡҡͷ˵УҲܿȥһʲôˣéɽĺǱĹռӣΪһˡ
ƴʱҲ˵԰ȻˣǸѪʬӦҲòȥҾͲƴһ»ܲȥ
ܵĵѾʧȥǵѪʬ϶ĹѨɽµЩ񽫻ǵһܺߣҵ㹻ʮ˲ˡ翴Żƴɿ˵
ƴɱͣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀңû˵ˡ
ǧʱҲЦ˵ûʲôˣҵıƸղѾѪʬŪˣҲ岻֣֪Ļҿ϶ǲġ
ҿ׳˵һ԰ɣ֪˵ûдҲŽẦҵģ˵ܹƿǰأ
׳ҧҧ۸翪˵ȷ
ɰաЦ˳û뵽ģôҲȲֻɵĻᡣ
𣿡׳һ̧ͷң˵Ҳ˵߳ɵĻʹɻҪһ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷһĹǶΪģܲһֱϺȰɣȻܹлתǬ˵ɻᣬֻһɣҲԣ
ðɣǧ֮ǰƵĹǵƻָһ£ҽéɽ׳תͷȥǧ˵һ仰
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׳Ҳתͷң˵éɽΪȣé֮Щǻڵ׶񼫵ĹԼӶԼʱӵмǿ
ҵ˵ͷ׳˵é֮ԼһʦүԼһԴԶɽ뵽ɽŵʦ˵
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׳˵ͷ˵뵽һʦүʦ֮é֮˶١
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׳˵ͷҪõһҪǿĵ֧ţéĿھһģݸ˵ĵԼ뵽ľʲôϲһġ
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׳ȴûƴ˵Ļһң˵ÿһÿһɵһϾé֮ĿԼʦүҴľһȥ󲻿ɴˡ
ҵ˵ͷֲǴ͵ˡ
ǹأУºõɽһȻ⵽ȫµ׷ɱ׳˵
һԵĸ䲻Цҿ۸磬Щ̫˽羿Цʲô
ҵ˵ͷһҲԣʦҡ
ģȻʹһ㣬Ǻܲʦֶɱ˵Ը񣬾ٲΪ˹أ¶׼ҵ׳˵
׳˵ģһ
Щˣ׳ŴԼĻӳһɫľҵУʱֻҪľ˵һ伱Ϳˣ֮ǰĲѾŪˣסˣˣǧҪѹȥһҪ
ҵ˵ͷ
ʱǧЩƳѾϵ˿ڶκˣվ˵ˣɣֻҪܹŵ󶴣ǾлѪʬһ
ҲվСֱ˻ƴɵıϣƴ죬˵ʲôһɣҲ˵ˡ
ôߣֱӴţһȺ˳˳ȥ
ȥҷܵǹֵѪζøӵŨΧĿҲΪѪζճ
ͺĵطһѪһ
ǳźܵ洫һеͺʲôﱻŭһ˷
淢ϸ΢𶯣һصľ޴󿨳·һ
Ҫͷֱӿ˵ֻǰܣ
һȺҧҧƴȥһϵ𶯸пʼԽԽǿ˵֮ǰִ󿨳΢𶯸У𶯸Ѿ͵ȫûʲôˡ
Уôȥǻᱻ׷ϵġʱ׳˵
˵ͷƴɣ˵ʲô취û
ʲô취ƴɰ˸һֿۣܿ˵˵а취ʮӣ
ʲôҸϽʵ
ƴɿ׳ǵӦóŶͭİɣóӦÿסѪʬ
Уʦҵĳ񡭡׳Ŀ˵˶ҧҧӰóĥþͭŻƴɣݺݵĿ˵ҪҸͣҳȥһپͳԹ⣡
ƴɿ˵ĹѨзͭԽĹѨ˵ĹסӦò᲻֪ɡ
׳˵֪Ѫʬǹ꣡
һһǴƴ˵ţ澵ӰڷߣȻŸ翪˵һ㣬ŵѪͿˡ
ڹѪôû뵽׳˵
үƴһ䣬ʱѾγڻƴɵϻһȻƴɾͰԼѪҺͿϣЩĿ˵߰ɣ
ʱ洫𶯸Ѿرǿˣ
ǹѪζҲŨʵ壡
֪ѪʬѾԶˣ


100 
ƴɿҲЩҴæ¹ѪһĿ˵Сӣ߲ˣűߡ
׳ЩԸĿۻƴɣǹȥһѳסƴԼıһձͿ˵ڹҲ̫һɡ
ƴûĿ˵ⲻ֣϶Ǽ𣿡
Ǻǡ׳ЦЦ
ʱ𶯺ѪζѾԽԽǿˣ翴º˵Ͻߣٲ߾Ҫ׷ˣ
ҵ˵ͷҲϽǰȥʱȻһżǿҵĶζӺ洫˹
ߣһ䡣
һȺȫٵܶһһĽŲеѪζҪŨ³ĳ̶ˡ
֪ʱתͷ϶ܿѪʬˡ
Ҫͷȥ翪˵
ʱһҵſ׳ϵĻƴɹЦɣҾ˵ɣѾסˣһʱ
ҲĺڹѪеãɪɶŻƴɵ׳ûĿ˵
ƴֱҧ׳Ķϣ۵׳һӰ˦ϣûĿ˵㹷ҧˣ
ƴɵĿ˵԰
Իƴּ䲻ҪΪ׳ûа취һۣٳѪʬˣ
𣡡ƴɿٵ׳ıϣּǰȥ
ٴܵ󶴺ĹѨﶼһǿĳг˱ŭԣѪʬʱѾӻƴֽ渴չˣҪأ
ѪʬŭˣֻҪʮӲʱ䣬Ͻˡ翴һ׳ֿһң˵
׳˵ͷ
Ȼе࣬Ϊ룬һǹԹԵ׳ֱӴӿڴóղǿѪɫ壬죡
ſͣͰǿŽҵڴһ˿º͵ů⣬ܻҵͺҪڻһ
׳ѾסˣҲ˵ָңС㣬ֻһ˾ͺá
ҵ˵ͷСİԼֱ׳
׳˵ͷԼİóͭһϺɫľȻͳһѻƷв֪װʲôҺĺ«
ʱЩƷмʼĶȻǸܵѪʬϢ׼Ѷˡ
ңǧҡҡ촽˵
ԼĿڴͳһ֪װʲôСƿӣƿȫСڷۣȻǧԼָһѪСƿ棬һѪͺ͹һˮһƿĺڷ۶ʼӿ
ǧָɽЩһָǸСƿĺڷ۾ͺһƴɳ
ĺڷ۴ƿγһЩڴΧסԭѾ׼ѶȻȫͣ
ʱ׳ҲѾ׼ˣͣҡԼϵͭ治ͣǻ
׳ʱҲֱľԼֱϻһ£һѪ۳֣ȥѪҺĨԼָϣһ²ҵĶͷϡ
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죬Ҫܳ׳
ҵ˵ͷͣͷϵȸʹҵҲʼý
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ÿһطҾ͸оǸطʼùڰҵ·ѵĻҵ϶ĺ͸ճзһͮͮġ
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ǧ˵ͷܿʹһͷȻ׳׳ֱľĲϺݺݵĻһЩӿѪҵԴϡ
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ȥүģһѾ˵ĹҲڱǰŰ裿ƴʱҲֱӳѪʬȥ
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101 ľ
׳Ļ䣬ƴɾ̲ס˵˵Сӣڶңܿ׵𣿰ջˣʲôѪʬ
Լһָڰ溺Ħţ͵һһƮƮ䵽Ѫʬǰ棬֮ǰͰһɣ
𣡡ѪʬͣţҪڸϵʱ򣬸еİ溺һֱӷһĽһɰĽɫâڵĽϷֱӶѪʬؿڣѽû룬ֱӰѪʬǽϡ
ѪʬҪţǽϵĽɫâȴѹǽϣʹ
ڰ溺ѪʬǽϺ󣬸ɫҲò԰ޱȣŸղűѪʬĵĵطɨһۡ
һоԼĺ챻ջˣҵʹʼҵЩˣһĪͷҵԺӿ
ͺǱʲôˣҪйĸо
̲ס治ͣǻЩǴѪ
ղһֱŵѪʬҲҵôԭأ
ãѾƲסԼڵˣȥᱻѪŪĳġ׳˵
үСӵ׶ѧһӣͲŪżָ٣ƴɿ˵
ܹң˵ˣ㶮ղŸﲻ˵º˼𣿡׳ûķ
ƴƲƲ죬Ϊһֱϵģ֪ǸӰ
ү׳ƴĲУûĿ˵
ǶˡһԵǧ˵֪Ĳڧӳ
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ʱʹѾЩȥˣ׳ǵɵߵҵߣֱӽѪг˳һӾ׹Ҫʲôˡ
׳ЦЦ˵ѪежǿɣõĻˣ
ҵ˵ͷ־ѾЩģˣ׳ʱֱѪҵϻһȻ󿪿˵סǧҪ֣ҲҪ֣
ѪУоȫѪеĽӿȥԼѪҺ
ѪеգʹҲɢ˲١
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ܿ죬溺ϵĹâǿʱŶðҲѪʬһĴؿڰγ
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ѽͱѪʬڣ˹ȻĻǸоһǿҵʹУȴҲԺֱŽٵĳѪʬȥ嵽ѪʬǰʱѪʬðѸǰѾð޹İ溺γ˵ϣ
𣡡ҴŰѪͱѪʬؿڣѪʬһһɺĽǽϣ
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ڣ룡׳˵
һƬʱڵ͸кҲʧˣŲͣɢľ
һǿȻҳ˳ȥΪҪˤˣȴԼ徹ȻƮƮ
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ͷյΧЩˣɷȫɢˡ
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102 ʦү
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ҡһʼĴĿⶨ˸ϣ㣬Ȼ㣬һͷǧѪʬƺκβɣɻǲϷ𣿡
ŷ·𱻱鶳סʱҲЩɫԴƲһߣ˵
⻰Ҳһ£ԽǰѪʬ֮԰ңΪ
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ҡɨɨ׳ҿԿĳʱġҡ׳ȫһҡЦǲмѣԼ㣬ֻеӡû뵽ôɽĴˡ
Կ׳ǳ˳飬ǵͷšҡɽһʮ׳ݹʦү֪ʦүǡ
ҡЦЦ׳˵ԺȻֻһţ˭ҲҪ
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СһԻĿšҡЩãĵ˵ͷȻͿҡǰԼָĵСĵĶͷϡ
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ҡüͷָһ㣬Χ޾Ѫζ˲ʧӰ٣ұ㿴Ǳ׳֮Ϊʦүġҡɨһ㣬֪ôģһԵҲ뿴´黹ٴγϣҸоܲˡ
罫ԼԴתһߣģȴ˲ɵĸоۡ
ˣҲˣһ˳ȻãĪҪ˻¡ҡЦЦȥԴʱֹͣˣ˺͸羿ʲôϵȻôȥԴҵĻƱ˵ֱˣҪûˡ
Ȱһ󣬡ҡתȥŲͣŵѪʬʱѪʬѾؿڲŵǰѪֻİ˳ؿڵ˺ڽγ󣬿ʼѸٵ䶯ŵļͺһͷͷŵĳӡ
ѪʬֻҲǱĲáҡŲͣŵѪʬһȥϧȴ⸱ģɱɱ
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Լĺ԰ɢһѪʬҲҡ̬ŭˣͣųҳ˹
ۿžҪֱӳײϵʱ̲סһԼ屻ײҡȴֻĴָסʳָǰһ
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ҡʱȴѾŽߵ̱ڵϵѪʬǰѪ޳Ľ˿Ҳ΢΢ţһХĽΪҪһȥѪʬն˵ʱһɾ޴Ҵгҵҵ˹ȥ
ʱ׳Ҳ˹ãľˣʦүҪȥˣ


103 նѪʬ
еʱĺ׳һƣΪСӴֻǲϲÿζǽҪͷӡ
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ѪʬԽԽЩղűʦүĹͷҲһͼҪӵ
ʱƴɺȻ˵СӣϽĽȰѪʬסҪˣ˿ɶҪˣ
ԶԣϽŪס׳ͷһκͻƴվͬһӪ
һŵϲͣѪʬѪоֱӳѪʬȥûѪʬأоͱѪʬָץסˣһɾ޴ӽͷ˹˶˹ȥ
֣Žģƴɴ
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ȻղʦүǰѪʬĻһͷӬվǰңʦү
ҹƶѪʬ˵ڵҾ͸ղվʦүǰһ
ѪʬϵǹǿҵѪζԽԽŨѬҶҪ³ˡ
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ԥһ£СģһֱתŸղѪʬѪеĵطȥ
ҲᶪСĲܵģȻǲŸʶûãȻΪ˱ңȥѪʬҾôܵ˵ʸûˡ
ܵѪԱߺСڱѪʬץˣѪʬϲСĵץۺҧۣرĿֲЩ˺۲ͣ䶯ţָţѪʬСץٴλָԭ
Ȼõ˵ͳСվһͷСսǧѪʬֹû취ȵģܼôѾܲˡ
ѪʬץСĵĽţССıץ󣬲ͣĶѪʬŭͼѪʬ
ѪʬץסСȵĵطСĵҲͣð̣ԭѾʵԵʱҲÿʼЩˣ
ƺǲ˼ʹСҲˣʼҽ
ҼˣѾΣյСģϽץסѪС
ץѪ׼ֵʱһֻץסҵļҾҪ׼ȥСģȴֺǯһץҵļܶܲ
侲תͷȥۣǸ磡
ҿˣıЩݣ󵭵˵һ䱧ǸץסҵļֱӰһ˦
ұǽϣȴһ¶ûУֳֺĸһĳѪʬȥҲһƬԺ
ΪʲôҪ˵Բ
ʱѾߵѪʬǰˣҽлŵСģĽһץССȵֱӱն
СҲֱ˵ϣѸٵİǵԼֻѪʬ֣Щ־ĿһѪʬֱӳ˹
ԾҵϣҵĲɪɪ
ҽСĴҲڻȥԴͼƽĵĿ־塣
Ѫʬ˾ȻֱӶŸŭȴֻһеĳͺֱһȻٵĻ
谵Ѩ棬еĳһ⣬Ѩڲͣ䡣
ֻĿǰѪʬĳȴûͣ¡
ٶַնš
һĸͺԼеĽڷйʲô
񣬿٣
һһֹޱȵۣ
ӸѪʬնһʱѪʬҲ֪ʲôѹסˣȻֻվɵɸն
һĽ
˭Ҳ֪ô̵ʱھն˶ٽķйԼĵ
ʱĸ磬һɱ
ĳһ˲䣬ֱӽĺս˵֮УתͷĿһۣ̾һֱתˡ
죬ҪȴԼ֪Ӧ˵ʲôֻɸߵ
ڸߺͷѪʬŻһ̯⣬ϡﻩڵϡ
ʣˡһĿɿڴĿǰһĻƴ˿ڿˮ˵򲻹ѪʬôӣѪʬǰ޻֮
׳ǧȻû˵ϵıҲԼĹ۵㡣
Ǿǲš
˻ƴɵĻҺȻ֮ǰʦүʱʦүԸ˵һ仰
㣬Ȼ㣬һͷǧѪʬƺκβɣɻǲϷ𣿡


104 뿪
⻰˼˵籾ǿԶԸǰǧѪʬģΪĳЩԭûг֡
ĿǰǸĳЩԭǸǸʦүҵ
ѵ֮ǰΪź˵ԲҲΪ飬Ż鲻뿪
һҲûйϾĻڵһʬˡ
ڸߺֳҲЩӲ˺һ׳СĿ˵ôˣǸզˣ
ҲҸղŲЩ׳ΪҾֻһ˲Ϊ磬ҡҡͷ˵Ҳأ鲻̫ðɡ
ˣȻѪʬѾ㶨ˣôǰĹѨĶһ£˵ˣңĹѨĶ֡ǧ˵
׳ȴ˵ĺˣЩǮҲҪͷ֯˹ȡɣֻһҪ󡣡
˵׳˵ǮҪˣǧ۾ʼˡ
ҿòƢҲиʦܽдҲܲҪǳŽӴӴ׳ЦЦЩĿǧ
ǧĸ׳һۡ
׳ǧˣæԼ̬ȣЦſ˵ѼѣҺ㿪ЦģֻһҪǾһɽҪһ𱨳𡣡
ʲô𣿡ǧ׳üͷΪ׳Ѽˡ
׳ٺһЦʲôȻ⣬⹷յľȻүҷǵÿɣұΧŪ˲ҵĲ˸תˣڣһŪô鷳ֱӶһ֣ȫܵˡ
ǧЦԭ˵Щ̴ˣǹ䣬ģզͱ˲һأرʤĻǿ
˵ˣҪǰ˲һǰ˵ĵ·ֻҵ·ԽԽխԼĵҪߵ·׳Ŀ˵
Ծ߳һ׳աһԵĻƴɺȻ˵
ԣڹ𣿡׳ƺͻƴˣƴֻһ仰׳˶ըëˡ
ҿǰ⻶һĻȴôòˣ֪ΪʲôܸоղŸߵЩ̫һƺźص¡
һԼԼһԤУһߣԺͲٳҵˡ
ҡҡͷԼ뷨˦档
ʱСƺҲע⵽ҵ鲻̫ãҵĻ̧ͷҵա
ЦЦȻСǸСĳЩ̶ϵȷУұ˸ɿ
ȥСĵԴ
ʱ׳ҲѾĹѨĹˣһȺתͷң׳˵ȳɳߵȥһɽɣϾɽĵͳڣûϸţԺɽӿ㣬ΪɱɽӲŵõĴУкܶ鷳ġ
ҵ˵ͷ֮ǰ׳Ѿ˵ˣʲô¡
תͷһЩ˷ǵĹεĳɳ֮еͽˡ
ʱҺȻƴɻԱߣǸŸһģʱȴûһߣҾͿ˵ˣڡƴɣʲô㡣
ղǴ˵ڹİɣƴɶݺݵĿң˵
æҡͷ˵ûҾʲô㡣
иëĴ㣬ҵ걻һ˿ˣ˶ˣҪҲҾԶǹˣҵԽҵ֮ǰһ㡣ƴɿҿ˵
һ⻰һûü˵ʲôСľЩĵĳŻƴ˹ȥﲻͣţ󹷹󹷹
ƴɱ㿪ģ֪Ϊʲôû㿪ˡСĺ󱳣һš
˺һȺҲѨ˳ϲûдʲôϾĹĶ̫ˣЩҹƶװһˡ
ǴĹѨǧӿڴͳһӣһѪȥӿССĳӡ
ЩӶɳЦ֣ʾǿˡ
֪ǧֹ֯ĹĶˣϾΣնѾˣ֮ǰ˭Ҫȥ͵ҪȥǺйƳˡ
ʱѾǻƻ裬ҪˣһȺߵСϪߵʱ򣬲ԤϵģɽںӰǱĶǡ
ӰǱżͷɽʬ壬ҹǸղɽʱ˳ָɱġ
ΪЩɽ񣬿϶ҪһЩ鷳ģƴɶźӰǱߵɽǱߵɽͺǼ˹һĶɢˡ
ƴɵ̧ͷǣ˵ôǱɡ
úӣ¡׳ûĿ˵ƴȥһҧ
ɽһȺֱͣ뿪ɽҵ֮ǰǹʱ򿪵ֱӿųɳȥ
ɳ˳ϾҪɲܹıָ˿
Ǽ˴϶ңǧԼİóһһͿ˵ˣ£϶ҪźȥɽˡʱĻͰⶫ
˵ǧӿڴóһɫĺӽ׳Ҳ뿪ˡ
׳һԼĺӣŻƴɺٺٵЦš
ƴɱ׳ЦЩëȻæ׳
׳û˵ǰϲķɻŻƴɱװ˳רõӱȥˣƴ˫Թͷߺ޵׳ʱֲĴЦ
Ҿȷһ飬׳СĲǣ֪ʲô취㡣


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105 Ϸĺ
ӷɻʱ򣬻ƴѾ۵ĲУҧ׳鶼ûˣСƺҲ֪˻ƴȻûҪŻƴˡ
һɻҲʼЩ׳󾿾ʲôȻֻܹҪһ仰ͽҴѪϷɻ
ȻҪĹҪѪǷŽ󣬲ܴϷɻ
߳Ǵȥϲ˵㶫ԣ˼ұסˣ˵㶫󣬻ƴɵźһ㡣
ҪȥɽƴЩĿѯʵ
׳һ߰㽶һ߿˵ѵһܶ㲻ɣ
һǲȥ˰ɣɽµƴɿ˵
֪ƴڵʲôϾǹ˸ֶڹŴɶˣɽִɣָնħնˣһĹͲˡ
׳üͷ˵һٸİɣҿһĴʦ֣ͷʦԺǹеЩûͳеĵʿ㶼þϹ˵һǰ
Ҳƴɵ۾ˣ׳˵СӣҾ֪Сӿף˵ˣ͵Ƿһ飡
˰ɣ֮ǰĹһ㰡׳ûİ˻ƴһۡ
̾һȥԡϴ˸裬ԡ۳ڴϣһ̣˵˵Ժܼܲ
ߵʱЩ̫ԾҲĺˣһҵġƴſ죬ĵĿ˵
ʡŵɣΪԼȥҽİɡһԵ׳Ĳ˻ƴɵİϷ
ƴɰ׳һۣѾ¶࣡
ŻƴɵĿǣһԵټģֻϣʱҪҲźá
ˣʵеˣЩˣܻھһӡ
ˣ˯ɣ컹ȥӥ̶ء׳Ҳȥԡϴȥˡ
̾һŻƴɣ˵ˣƴɣ˵ս̵ķӣսʲô
ƴɿ˵֪𣿡
ҵ˵ͷӾ濴Ƿɡ
ţս̾ǰ̵ǰƴ̾˿˵뵱꣬Ҳһ͡
˵һ룬ƴɸϽͣҿ˵һôˣ
ƴҡҡͷ˵ûʲô
ʱķƴɸˣæ˵ˣƴɣ֮ǰڹϵʱʲô˰
ȥ鶼ѾȥˣֻҪһҵһƲл꣬ȻͶ̥תúˡƴɵһ˿ɣһڹл
Ȼƴɿ˵ˣСӣͷɵðҸˣҳ·һ£ȻҹƵͻҷˣϾһʱѾˡ
˶ãϿѯʵ
˼ƴɻ˵һ룬ϽͿ˵ҲǲˣѾܾˣֻҪ֪֮ǰŵʱ򣬽ͽǶΪӣƺΪͺˡ
ɵƣӻнͽһѹ𣿡ʱ׳Ҳԡϴˡ
׳ϴҺͻƴ˶һ¡
׳ĹǼܺСȫͺŮһС
þͺŮ˵׳ϴ裬ֻԡ۵£ʪͷҪ׳Ƥ⻬ѩ׵ľ͸ţһŽεĶ쵰µ٣һ˳ԡͼ
ϻð׳˿ڿˮӲסҪȥ׳·ǲŮ˵ĳ嶯ԼԴƲһߡ
ҿˣĻȥ׳ˡ
̣ƴɾ̲ˣ˵Сӣ֮ǰڻˣСӸòŮ˰ɡ
׳һŭˣֱӿ˵үŮˣүǺðɣ¿ܰ
Ѱƴɶ׳ƵĿ˵
⣬תȥԴɵת˻׳Աĺʤǹӷӵ߳ġ
׳˻ƴһֱۣӻԼϣƺ»ƴʲôñӰԼʵʵġ
ͲôСʹ󷽵ĺܣһ˦һ˦ǹĿƴûĿ˵
ǹ׳ٴǿ
˵һ飡ƴŭˡ
׳ȴûмͻƴɵĳ嶯ˣֱӾű˯ȥˡ
һҲ˾ӣСս˻˵˾Ҳ۾˯˹ȥ
۾Һܿ˯˹ȥ˯У˲ͣĴֵһʼϸͺҵĶлһ
ЩԺ۾ǰһƬڰʱ򣬸ղǸֵȴʧˡ
ڰУϷиһ⡣
âһɫǸ򣬺֪ʲôںң˵һֱͣǻţǻš
ԽԽǿңǰûйָоǸоͺʲôҪĶһ
ڵң
֪ΪʲôҵԺͷ
Ҳͬܿõⶫ
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ȻʧϷǵĺɻڣǸޱȿĶҲڡ
֣ץס⣬ȴԼ֪ץʲôĶ
ܿ죬ִһƬ飬Ӳĸо
ͺǣݣ
͵ؾѹÿƴվҵĴͷ˫Ķңдһ˿ŵ


106 
ʱѾЩˣұƴһϽִӻƴɵóڱϲ˲ƿڴѾأһ򶼱ųˣ
ƴȴû˵˫Ķң𾪡
׳ҵĽˣЩԺ۾˵զˣֵġ
Ҳע⵽ƴɵһϵʱզƴɿҵЩһأ
զˣƴɣôҸûᱻѵ׳ǿǰһ𾪵Ļƴɣѯʵ
ƴɵЩ㣬˵ûûʲô
Ҽƴ֪ʲôȴƴصӣĺ͸Ũˣʡ
ƴɾʹҵĴȥˣڵϣ˵ˣ˯
٣׳Ժһ䣬˯˹ȥ
ȴƴôһŪЩ˯ˣƴΪʲôҪôֵң
ҵϰ˵ӣŪϢûϢã׳𴲺һе
һȺϴ꣬ȥ¥˷ͺҲһȥӥ̶
ģǱȽϿ죬ΪŻƴϲȥͷˡ
˳˾Ϊȥɽεģ˵˺öɽĶһߵ׳Ľζʱʱĵ˵ͷ
Ҿͺܺ棬͵͵׳㲻ǾסɽЩʲôģ
Ȼˡ׳һۣ˵ɽγʱ򣬾ͰͳתƳȥˣڵĵطֲǴҹϵǸɽЩҶû˵ͺŵսħҲ̫һɣû뵽ɽʦүôţơ
Ҽ׳һ׵ӣҲЩ꣬Ҳͱ첻ˡ
֪ΪʲôųԽԽɽָоҲӵǿ
ֱںҵĸоر
˵֮ǰҾֻһεĻѾôΪˣɽǿ϶ʲôںҡ
ȻҲɽҾʲôϵ棬ȻԸھģҪȥɽʦү
ҿ϶ɽ˵壬Ĺϵ档
ӿһСʱҲӥ̶Уӥ̶к׳ıҲ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֮ǰôˣ׳ֲʶĸо
ȳӿɽ羰׳ֱ˵ͣһȺ˰ѳѸ˺Ҳ³
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ׯͨڵǼĶڸأ׳ıѾ˲òһˣ˵֮ǰһɵĶӵĻôŴɵʦģ
һۣۺƣжʱûά޹ˣԺʯϣ֪ڸʲô
۵м䣬һҲ۾ڵϣдʡ
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ǶͬĶ׳˵˾ʦ֡
м˿䣬ʮˣǵý׳ʦ֡
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׳ԺȣȻȥߵǸߵǰҲ֪˵ʲôм۾һۣȻҡҡͷ
׳ܽŵָֻŵ˵һЩ̾˿վŵۺȥ
ߺ׳˹Ҫʦȥʦһ°ֵǼڲ飬ԼСһ㡣
Сһ㣿һ£ⲻɽ׳ĵΪʲôҪСһ㣿
ѵʥػйֲɣ
ܿ죬׳͸һŵۺȥ׳ߺҲһֱ֮ǰ׳Сһ顣
ƴڽۺ󣬻Ĳڣ֮ǰŰ裬ԳĿҲȻ޴棬ͺһһԹԵĸߡ
Ժﲢûĵطҿһ£˸ǽǿţ׼׳
ҾЩԾҲûóóȻȥǼԺ˴ӣǺ׳̫Ծ
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ӡҴ㰲ȴʱ򣬺ȻиЦſң˵
ҲûдˣϾɽĵ̣һóóȻĽҪǻͱͻǽֿ϶Ǻҵġ
£òͷ⻰˵һҲ١
ƺҵĳĬûʲôãûлӦǣȺ˷Щˣһ꿪˵ӣɽҲ֪ĸĵӣȻǼɽϡ
԰ҲֻŻŴΪڹѪءһʼ˵Ǹ䳰ȷ
һǿѹԼĵķŭ֮ǰеͳɵĻȥ⼸ݵĺһ÷ˡ
ƴЩ̲סˣһʼңſϷ̬ȣ˵˵ţȻ˵ͷˣҲ̲סĶǼ
Ӵǣ˵еԣһ꿪˵ǹôԣҲûʲôã
ĻǱ˵Ц⣬һ˹Ц
ЦͻƴɵĹԺﲻͣǻţҵҲ
ʱ򣬺Ȼվһˣ˹˱Ƚᣬװ׾ģһѱ۾ң˵Ӵлأǰģ
ұͣû
ȴֱӳĻץ˹ȥǸۻ֮ǲģҰ˰ɣ


107 ΪҲ
仰һֱŵĻЩѹֲס
ңңҲһ£ʱȻûСвңѾҵ÷롣
˾˿Լһ£Ҫ˺ߵˣǾ൱ڴһ
һǿԼͷŭϨΪ֪ʱ嶯ĻҸûʲôùӳԣϾɽˣ˵ģɽĲֳ֣
ֿҪ͵ʱȥץסĿһۣ˵Ҳͻ㣡
˵ֱ꣬ӰǰһƣǿвԼȭͷ˵ҹȥѾֳܱ侲жˡ
˵֮Ӻ񲢲㰡ʱȺŵ棬һ
֮ɫ˱䣬ͺܵ˼һ
ҾرףΪʲôоܵ裬ҵģѵԷһ£˼ҵļˣˣ
֮ǰһֱɽɣеҲһһƺҲˡ
Һʻͦͣԭһֱо̫׵׳ȺһȣȻǺõġ
ԼԼҲʶӦòǱʵͣҺ׳һԭ
Ǻ񣬺׳ʲôڡ
˵ˣɽڲòɹ㽻ǲֱ֮Ӷ֣Ҫ
ҽСģԸԺɽ׷ɱҡ
һǲ֮ЦЦУȻ㲻Ǿͱˡ
˵ֱתȥˣȥҲ֪˵ЩʲôǱߵ˷һôЦȻЩĿҡ
һԼԼоЩԾ֮Ǿ仰ƺԶһвô򵥣벻ﲻԾ
Ѱ˼ʱ򣬻ƴɺȻЩĽл
֪ƴɲһͨĹȻʱˣ϶вԾĵط
ʲô֪ȫﲻԾ
ʱĻͶ˶СԶӻ˳СɫЩѿͺһͷŭһ
ﲻͣķ
Ͼ׹ȺյľȻ͵͵ĶСĶˣ
ʱֱ֮Ц￪ʼдСַҲǿ
Сַɵ۷󣬶֮վЦЦĿңһĿҿ˵ѽãǣСܿˣ㱻˵ҾֻܰˣǧǺңҲΪð
ҲûĿСģ˵Сģôˣ
Сĺû˵Ļһӷڵϣͺèһﲻͣķڶĵͺ
ҸҪȥӽСģͿСޱĿһۣɫͫ˲ɵëȻ
Ҽˣʱﻹ²Ƕ֮üƲߺСģҿԽԽĶ֮ͷŭͺ񱻽һʼȼҶ˵Сʲô
û֤ݵɱϹ˵ˣƢõģʹңΪİȫ룬ҲɱͷѾʧȥƵСģ֮һ߳˹һİγԼľ
ڶ֮ľγСĺǱʲôػһʼҵĺ
ʲôĶŶ֮ǿԼĻ𱬷ܵԼƽ˵ʲôϣʹֹͣ
֮ЦҸղûʲôҿɾҪնħˣ
˵궭ִ֮ԼĻͳһŻƷŻƷֺСĵĲҽʼǿԭѾʵ廯ӣʱȻҲʼı͸
Сӣﻹö֮ٽӽСģֱӳŶ֮˹˵ҲҪʲô˵ʲôݣҲͬɽǲܲɹڣľлƷ򡭡
򣿷ô㻹вҲɣ֮ЦһҪǰʱ
ֱӰγѪУж׼֮ĿŶ֮ǰһһģջľͻƷС
֮ЦЦɽҵǻ뿴㵽׸ҲҶҳ֣
˵֮꣬һָСķһޱҵĽͷһǰĶ֮һƵĿҡ
ҸоԼһ˲ÿյģһǿҵĻͷֱӳţΨһһʱҲСĵĲҽĵȻ޴档
ŭҵͷȼա
еѪƺҲᵽҵƵãԭհ׵ĽʼһѪɫķģͣĲţһϸ΢Ľ
֮һ£ѪУҲһ˿ȵ֣ҵ뿴㵽ûӶ֣
ʱСĵĽҲʼתͷȥһԭѾʵСģʱҲЩ͸
ƺʱ̾Ҫʧˡ
ĵķŭʱˮբһӿеѪбһǿҵɱ⣬ܲ
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ɽĵӣҲҪɱ
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108 Ҫ
֮ҵľٶһʶĺȥԼĶͷֵѪһֵĿңں㾹ȻĶҶ֣
ЦһҪʲôʱСĵĽȻͣ
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֮ǰЩԱ䳰ȷʱҲȫ̲סվһֵĿСġ
СĵͷϳֽɫӡǺҲѸٵĿʼָԭʱҲʼú
ȷСû֮ͷҲһæԼѪзŻ˽ʣС˹ȥֱӱסСġ
ղôһ˲䣬ΪԼʧȥСģͷֿ־ֱʵʵĴСĲź˺ܶࡣ
Сһãҵ˵磬ôˣ
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Ҳ֪ΪʲôηСģһȷǣ϶СǸľͯйأ
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ΣҾ㣬Сջȥ֮СѾЩƲסˣתͷңЩɫڲ
ȴûǾôĿ˵ʵԼѪаͷ
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һŶһŶ֮ȥʣ˶ԼͳһŻƷȻҪǸ˵䣡
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үһֱɶʱˣɽս̻ҪԵаţȥˣЩʱһֱĬһߵĻƴ̲סˣڷ͵
ƣƴɶȺֱӺһ䣬ºЩڽǼ˹һɫ˲ò԰ףһڿѪǵ˳
ҿۻƴɣû뵽ӲĴڹȻʱѡ
˵Լؿڣһ㵵ĿŻƴɡ
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109 侭
СӣɱǣҿԴӳûɽͳôͷ׷ɱһɱһɱҾͲɽĺʹ˵еôƴɶݺݵĿ˵
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ʱƣҵĿʼһɹɵУͺʲôҵڱȥһʵͷҲԽԽǿ
ɻҲʦүҵ룬ΧЩѪ۾ҲԽԽ׺ݣԽԽɷ
ѾоԼʼЩƤϱЩɷƳһѪۡ
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δԽˮ硣
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ҵ˫ֿʼٵĽӡҵʶҲԽԽҧסǿֿҪĸоĿ궨ǰëϣ
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̱֮ǰǰһĻǡ
ŵ۵Сһϵˡ
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110 С
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޾ĺڰУʹͷͣʴҵ
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һ˯ĺܰȣůͺǶʱĻ˯һٴʱҲ֪ʲôʱˡ
۾춼ѾˣֳӣԼȻͿСſҵĴߣϻۣȻǸտ޹
С֪ΪʲôҸоЩϧȥҪԴҸˣЩ׵۾ҡ
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ߴ˵һٺ׳ſ˵ѾǼڲˣˣپٰʦͿˣʦ屾ǲϵģ鱾֣Ӣǻ˲ȣĺˣҵĵ̣Ҳµġ
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Щ޴
ǣĺˣεҸȫҶѾʦˣǾͳ֮ǧѪʬɷҲ׳˵˵ţѾʼ˵ʱ򣬾ͱӲĴӷȥˡ
ЩĪĿһĻȫ֪ΪʲôҪ׳ȥһãʱСȻסң̵ҵĲϣ˺󱳣ʪģһӰҸŪЩֶ֪֪ӦĶš
ɵɵɵԺԼȥƴˣ֪ҽʱÿҪˣʱж຦֪𣿡С˵˵ţҲʼ
Сһ£оԼģû˺˵ôĵĻСǵһŪǸӣСĿ˵ܲɿһ£Ůܲס
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111 
С˺һͣһһ£һۣ˵ˣ˯ɣȳȥˡ
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Ҳ֪˯˶ˣҪ˯ʱԼ˯ţҾվ׼ȥ䣬ŵʱѾҹˣӦ߰˵ң֪Ϊʲôҳź󣬾͸оԼͷһ
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ʦү׳ϵĿ˵
һ֪ؼʱˣʱӦվʦүһݣȻٰǰʦȻٰձһֻҪõ϶ʦүǰ¯ͻԶȼ
츳ԽߵˣľԽ࣬˵ɽһУõ˳ϵľ׳ˡ
мŵʦûе֮⣬ڶʮȫ¯㣬ǿ˵ǽõĳɼˡ
ʷҲŵΣ˵ʷܵõŵʦϵĵӣָֻļˣǼһǴɽʷϹĳʦ
һǰлԼ
Ȼ䵽һʱˣ֮ǰڳɳʱһЩ̫һ
Ϊʱ򣬳мŵʦ֮⣬ЩͨʦүȫʼҵĲ
ڳ˶ˣ
򻺻ĽԼһϹ䵽˵ס
žžžž
һһȫԭĵطеֱӵ¯棬մ˲ҡ
ڳȫŴͿֵһĻֱʱҲһĻһӷӳô¡
ôܣʦүôȫˣë˵
ĵҲȻ
ѵǴ֮ɣгϿ˵
еĵӿҵıҲЩһ
ԣǴ֮ʦүٻֳųĸоڣʦү˼ǡ־壿ϾгϿ˵
䣬׳ʦڣ˶㵵Ŀң׳ʦ˵Ӿʲôݣʦүܲһݣ

ȫһƬž
˶ΪЩʦүæҵʱмŵʦǰ¯ϣδȼ㣬ǻһ⡣
𾪵ĿУðƮ


113 Ц
죬ʦүôˣϾеһ𾪵Ŀ˵
˵Ͼ˿˵ˣղû˵СӺЩʦүܲһݣǺηʥ
˵ʦǰ㣬ʹʷϵЩʦүҲܵȼһ֮ء˿˵
ΧЩʱ֣ӢܵɫԲ̫ÿͺͳ˹ʺһĳ
ʱҲˣҸû뵽ᷢ顣
Ȼ֮ǰڳɳʱй飬ͳɳǻȫһôɽʦүȫʹмŵʦҲҡҡ׹
ǱȼһʼСǳֺ˲ðһŴ㾹Ȼڼ̵ʱȫȼմ
һĻ֣ӢܣʦǸëı鶼̫Ծ
ȻһĻѾǵ֪֮ˡ
ʱͷǹͷҲӵǿͺڷٻһ˶æҵĿʦүʱע⵽ŵʦϣʦŵǰѽϾȻһ⣡
ۣΪԼۻˣٴ۾ʱǵֱһѪ˽
ûһע⵽ֵһĻֻҿǵĺ⣬ҵʼͨͨ˶Ҹʹȥˡ
ʦүϵĶȻһ֪ʲôԲһ·ٻңȻǵҹ
ڣֺöȻҵ
侲侲侲ǧǷʲô쳣
Խô룬ǵЦԽزס
ʱ򣬴䴫һɻȵĸоҵȫǱԡһůĸоҵȫҲĽг
ǡܿ죬ע⵽ҵ쳣˵
˶ĿתϣʱǹȵĸоԽԽǿӿǹȸдһޱǿҵĴš
µĵȫȥУ׳ȥпɽʦ׳ʦһĿ˵
Ҳע⵽ŵıЩ̫Ծȫ˳ȥʱǹȸҲӵǿԼԼһЩʹС
оʼҶܿëΪŭܣüͷ΢΢ӡ
׳ʦʱҲӿڴͳöͭǮ˵ȫסСЩ죬õʦүĵͳˣ
ʲôʦүͳëһ䣬ܣʦүĵͳôڣ
㲻ƽ̣㵱Ȼ֪׳ʦ˵һ䣬ë˲͡
ʱűƿˣһϵ˱׳˽ڿ˺ӿһĪܾ֮ǰʶһ
˽ֻǵɨһۣȻ󿪿˵ôıһʱ
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ûʲôǣţ˵㣬ȥǲɢӣʦүͳ뿪ɡ׳ʦ˵
أгϿ˵
ͳ׳ʦԴǵ
ҵԸͬһмϿ˵
ע⵽ëϾӿһ˿ϲɫҲë϶ûʲôģ˵͵׳ʦˣԼţ
һ뵽⣬Ҿͼˣȴܶû뵽ⶫôĸã֪Ļҿ϶ͲҪˡ
ںˣװױë׳ʦҳ¡
ĻһԸҪʦүͳ
ʱݶϷһ׵ͺ׵ڻҪһ
Ǿ޴ĶҲڳɫ
ܲģ಻һʱ䣬׾ҪˣʱҶëӿһɱɣ
У׳ʦԴǵ
ϵɽֻǳЦſǰһĻڿһĻЦһʱ׳ʦȻںƿһ۾һף˹ȥ
עһ£׳ʦһĳϡ
ɱӰɣѾιȥˣûˡǳϿ˵
ҺȻоЦԭҪɣҲֻ׳ʦ˵ʥˣ˲̸Ҳա
ɱҰɣ̸ҴҲɽĵˡĵһɢǰųһ߹ëǳЦſ˵
ΧЩʦүȫʼҵĲϷવмŵ껭޷Զŵͺڷŭһ
ʱĴȴ˸ƿˣһִһ˿⴫˽
Ŷ겻ɽɹĵطˣ
һɣȴҪԼĵӲܴȥ
Ц


114 ɽǰ
ǸŮ˵ر࣬˸о
ڴëֱӿ⣬һ
ԼԼоϤȴ벻˭ʱ˵ɣȻɽҪӣôҾͰΣԺǻɽ飡
ⲻܣɽʦĵͳҪҲֻɽë˵
ҾЦˣԭǴɵȣ֪ëһҪŪңû뵽Ȼ˲Ҫ
ëô˵Ůּ˵˵һҪأ
ʱŮ˵˭ˣǺ
û֮ǰʱѾоӣƺµȷѾȥˣٳҲûʲôͻأĵط
ɲ˵ģȻ֪ôģȻѾʦүͳûп뿪ɽϴĹءë˵
ϴĹأЩЦԼ𣿿û˵ʦĵͳͲ뿪ɽˡ
ɽëĲУֱӿ˵
ôǱװε׵ˣҲûʸ𣿡Ŀ˵
װΣһ£εڵϵ׳ʦȻں˵껰׵Ҳӵվϴһ˿Ρ
һʱٲǾʲôĻʮҲͰ׻ˣ׵˷ҪװΣԼһ̨£ëɱҡ
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ǿЦ֮ǰΪ׵ʥˣ룬ȴЩԼ
ȻҪߴӣȻл֮ƶȴЩˣɹÿԴߣѾҵ컯Ҳǵʦͳ»ӡǣɽӣҲöɽȻ޷뿪׵˺ٺһЦ˵
ȻҲ֪ӡʲôã֪Ҫⶫ϶Ϊ˷ֹպҶɽ֡
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ôһϣԭӲ˵ź˺ܶ࣬ҿ˵СģСĻ
һͣ˵ľͯѾûˣ߰ɣ
һɺߣ߳źҿղɽֳȥ׳죬Ҫ˵Щʲô̾һʲôû˵
֪ҳţԺǾҪɽˣȻҺ׳ѣȥɽӣΪݣ˵ʲô
ҶЦЦʾҪ⡣
ʱСҲ˹ɽ˳ƴҲߣһȺ˺ܿ뿪ɽķ롣
еƺҲ֪һ㣬Ȼǵ߶Ҳǳɽ
ǳȥ󣬺һˣֻЩˣȻɽҵң˵а취£ҾͰˣ£ҲĹģ
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ãתͷһۣżһ㣬ֱʧ˴
ں뿪ɽҲǰң˵ҿԾ㣬ҪӦһ¡
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Ȼһ仰û˵Ǿǣط治ǰôҪȥɱ
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˵꣬ɽ̧ͷϵƣתͷһۣ˵ǵãɱ˲ط棬Ȼһֻأ
Ҳɽ˵ʲô˼һߵСȴˣʦҪʲô
ɽȴʲôû˵ӿڴͳһ񶪸ң˵ˣԺСһ뿪ˡ
أҿɻ
ɽȴֻҡҡͷһߵС߰ɣߣȻҲġ
ǡС뿪˵ʲô
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ҡһ˵ʲôͿˮСסҵͣҡҡͷȻȥ
ƴĿһɽӣⱲӴδ˭ǵһ
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ʱѾߵȫΧСʧȥ˻ҷ˵ϣҧԼָĿɽžžવĴۿе䡣
֪ɽҪȥˣҲܣڸˣҿ϶Ҫǰȥֹģ
ɽЦһ죬ɽǰӦǲӦ
䣡
л۵ڵٽ㣬һ޴ֱӳɽ
ʦС̲סɽȥȴƴҧסۡ
޴ǿҵˣص֮£һеȻ޴档
ҧأǰѾΪƽأһĽڲݵأĵĲһʼ


115 ɵë
ɽҸоЩ޿κεĲʣȻ˵ԼҪˣȴĵȷȷΪҶġ
޿ɵģҲûа취ıʵ
ҵץŵ棬һƺܽˮǰյһƬƺڳҵ
ҿʼ˺ѷεĴΣǸֻܲͣĿԼڱ˶ȥˣ
һԵСҼӣæֲһᣬıסҡ
ƴ죬û˵ʲô
һ֪һεҲܹɽϣɽǱߵĵλһŵĵӺԼɱһȽϾ֪ˡ
ͻԼϣǴҸ˿Ļ֮ûУҸоޱȵйǿһ㣬ɽܾͲ˰ɡ
ԣû̫ˣ
֪ΪʲôҺȻʼܿ
ʱƴɿ˵ڲ˸еʱҪסǰԣɱǸвطļһչ˺ԱߵСѾͷ
һ£Ѻܶ࣬תͷȥһۿ޳˶ȴѹԼСֿȥ۽ǵˮ˵ĺˣһġ
ʱС̲ס۵һ˳
߰ɣﻹɽķ룬ղ֮ûӽΪףһȺëѾ׷Ҫˡƴɿ˵
һӵվʱѾԶͨûʲôˣоԭһ㡣
ҷѾ޵̱ڵϵСٵȥ
Ҿûƴ˵ĵȷеɽЩϣԲԼһϻʦүĵͳ϶Ҫûгɳ֮ǰ
СȻģҲ֪Σҷһ·ҲʼԼ
ΪλñȽƫʮӣûҵ·
ʱƴѾЩˣ˵Ҹоˣ׷ˣһ˾֮ǰë
ǻжԶҧҧѯʵ
಻ףڵٶ˵ʮھ׷ǡƴɵĹǽ
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治֪һʲôģ
Сĳ󣬿ΧҲЩãڿ֮еǹãҲʧˣƳұ˹
ǰСûҲֻСĿҲŻôǡ
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Сæ˵ǻ飡
СջԼݺָףСĵ۹Ѿǹֵֹġ
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ʲôԣҿһ䡣
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ˣɡһһȺ˸˸طˡ
ǸնûãͿë֣Ӣܻ֮ǰǸﶭ֮ŻڵĹں߽ǵİΧȦڡ
ģСӣΪԼܵĵ𣿡֣Ӣһߣһֵ
԰ҪҵһҪΪʦֱ𣬶ʦʧ꣬ûǻָˡں˵
˵ע㣬ôɽĵӣôһ߰Ụ̄ëһ߿˵
ë˵üͷˣʾĻӡǵⷽģôˣ
ҵһ֪ëܿʲôˣҪٴȥˣڻûзֱ֣ӳֱȽϺá
ҿڶݴСͻƴɣҲǵпһ˼
ǾǶ֣
ҵ˵ͷߵСģһ䣬֣
˭һӰ죬ëֱӳ߿һ£һӱŵ㶹ȥˣûӦСѾ嵽ǰһư֣Ӣܵ˳ҪëԴĵʱҸоһĻˡ
ëȻֱߵĹںСһ£СĵֻĽں˳
ʦ㣡ںǲţԼʦ


116 
ںֱӱСĸ˳ȥë˻Ҳõ˴ϢĻᣬźٵһĿǡ
Сӣͦգĵˣëҿ˵
ȴëЦˣ˵գǱҸհɣȻԼͽܸԼͲɽ֪𣿡
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ҲɱͽܣǲͿˣ죬۾ǰë
Ѿˣϵģ䱻Сɳ·˵꣬ëֱ֣Ӣܺ͹ںһ
˵ֱӷҵĽһɹɵỊ̇ע⵽֣Ӣܺ͹ںëŨԹޣ
ŹģںĶë˵
ҪԹңҪ־͹С̫ˡëЦſ˵
˵꣬ǰصһѹ֣Ӣܺ͹ںֱӱɢˣ
ëݣɢ˵꣬óһԵĻƴޱ𾪵Ŀ˵
û뵽һõͦ࣬˵˻ϡ档ë˻ƴɣζ
һĻһëΪڳ˶Ķ֣ղҪ걻Сĳȥˣǻ˵ڣٲЩʲôǵͻΣˡ
Ȼ֪Σգʱһǲòȥ
ʱСҲע⵽ҵıֱǰסҵ֣УȻõŵĵͳڻûȫգҪ뵽ġ
ҲĻˣҪһ˵
СҡҡͷⲻһӦ֪֪ΪԼôһ飬ҷԸһȥ
ҲԸ⣡ҿСһۣҴӦʦҪúչġ
ҲӦʦˣҪɱط棬ѵԼ𣿡Сں
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һ£תͷȥÿǧһζĳ˹ߣ϶ǱĸŹ
ҵʱ϶ɫҲһ䣬ֱӳ˹磬С磬ҴˣˣҲõʱģʹдҵһƨ˰ɡ
ЩĿһǧ̫ΪʲôһǴ϶һģǧЦЦĹҵҵģ˵ˣʱǵ˼ҲſȷﲻѹƸˡ
ûеǧ˵꣬ëһĿǧ˵Ƶģ
ǧֻ죬ǰëһԲ
㲻ҪܣպɽϱΪΣëЦſ˵
Ǳˣ˰ɣǱȽϲģؼǣɽ磬һ治ϲһҪңɱڣô죿ǧЦһ䡣
ëɫһ䣬˼Ҫܿƾʲô
ƾǧ֣ҿһֻĳӡ
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ëܺǧЦһԼֺĳӸ˻ȥȻתͷң˵û뵽ɽ㻹ôܴ
ˡҿЦһû뵽ǧȻʱҽΧҿۻҽţһѱһ϶˵ˣҲˣҲˣͰ⿪ɣ
ðɣȻô˵ˣҾͽ⿪ϵĹưɡǧЦӿڴóһɫҩ裬ֱһĽ϶϶ҩҲܵһ߲ͣŻ
ҲȥһĻΪ֮ǰѾüˡôĳӣܼ־֢˸оܶġ
ˣô⡣תͷǧܲΪҪ϶ô򵥰ɡ
ȻǡǧСħŮĵЦһԵСǧЦݺҲ˾衣
ʶĳҿһ
ʲôԭ򣿡ҾǧŵСˣС¶һĵıſǧ˵
Ȼԭģ˵ʵ⿴㣬ȷĲ룬ȻǸˣǸڲɽġǧ˵
Ϊʲôô˵ҿѯʵ
ʵϣðٹ֤һĿǹͯƣѾͨҵϢ֪˹ͯƵڵأҿʲôǧѯʵ
ͱˣ¸Ͻ˵ûĵǧһۣ˵
ǧһЦˣҷ뿪ĸ˾ȻҲҵĿڵأ֮ǰҪȥǸˣԣˡ
ʲô㷢ֽˣһû˵ʲôһԵĻƴɾͺܼĿڷ͵
ɣӦûŵġǧ촽ӿڴͳһƬҡ
ҽӹƬһۣˣһԵСҲ̽ԴƬһ
ƬˣһǸ磬һһƬȻҿȴĪĸоϤ
ȻЩʲôҺСԾǵˡ
ΪǸˣҳһģһ


117 ȥ
Ƭϵĸ翴ƽʱûʲôɻǸģǸҳһȴסˡ
Ϊֻ֪һ˳úһģһǾǲط棡
ط治Ѿ֮ǰڰ˱ʱ򣬿Ǹط棬ѾΪʬôվţ
ƬϵĲط洩һɫĵۣȻúһģһ׾Ϳûơ
طվǶʹһֻ쵼ֲŭƣվǣһǸ˿
ֻҸоǣǸź۵ˣΪʲôҿˣܸоϤأ
˲Ծĵط˰ɡǧʱȻ˵
һ£˵ͷ˲ң⼸Ҷɽ뿪
ҲôģΪȻǳһģһǵȫһȻʱ㱻ɽʦүʱ򣬺˳õһģһƽʱҲͲˡǧ쿪˵
˵ɵﲻˣʱһֱԱ߳ĬŵСȻ˵
㶼˵ɵˣҪ˵ʲô𣿡ǧСһۣ˲СŪò֪˵ʲôȽϺˡ
ҷСĿǾǧСЩ֣֮ǰСҲЩĸоǧħŮģȻͰСѹġ
СҧгݵĿǧһû˵ˡ
һֱƬںˣ˺һҲע⵽ԼΪʲô˱ȽϤˡ
ĲţʮҿƵǸʬ
Ͳطһģ
ҺȻ׹ʲôˡ
¾ȥ˱󣬾վǸҪǱߡ
طԭȥ˱ʱģ뿪󣬾Ȼĸˡ
Ǹʬ˱Ǳߵˡ
һеһʼˣеĵ㣬ڲط
ҿƬϵĺһģһȴȫһĲط棬ĬƬôš
ǧʱҲ˵ˣˣĿġ
˵ɣһ߿Ƭһ߿˵
һȷ㵽ǲƬϵˣʵ֤ǡǧһָ˵ڶ˵ڶǣһ˳ҵļƻ谭ǵĿҵĹͯƣ˺ǧ˿ƵĹϵǸ֣Ǹ㳤һģһˣ˵һ㣬ԡ
ǧ˵һ룬̧ͷ˵ʹһȥ
ԵģΪﲢûеף֮ǰĹң˺֣ر֣磬ȴӵڽͷŤתǬͺ֮ǰĹʱҾȥһǱ֤ҵĳɹʣڶԽ⿪Щ鵽һЩɻ󡣡ǧЦſ˵
鵽ʲôĶǧ˵
ǧԼ촽ϣƤĹ๾ת˵˭֪أ˵ңҾ͸أ
ŮˣһֱԱߵСʱҲǧݺݵĿ˵
ŮˣǧСЦſ˵
ߣСֱӰԼԴתһȥˡ
ҿСӣҲоͦɰģȥԴ˵ˣҲû¸ɣ˵ǸطҸһȥ
𣿡ǧңȻֿһԱߵСҿĳСѾͷܲ⿴Ұ
˭СѾͷСǧҲû˵⿴㣡Ůˣ
ҲûŮ˵ͼ˵ȥҪĿǽҲ֪ΪʲôΪʲôͲطͬʱˡ
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Сʶ࣡ƴɺĿڷ͵
аɣ߰ɣ϶ûУ˾ߡǧ԰׵϶˵
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ʲô£ֻҪǽҪңҾллˡҰǧһۣһˮ˵ˣ㻹û˵ǵĿľء
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118 
϶Ȼܳǧһףǧôһ˵ŵһ£ԼԴԹԵĿȥˡ
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ˣҾ͸ܻȥˣڸղţʦΪǵܹ˳µɱңȻװΣܻȥ𣿡Цſ˵ʦǸϾһ֮ѣ
ˣΣҿԣʦʦˣ׳ЩĿ˵
ǲˣȻңαһȥأôΪôΪˡ˵꣬ҹҵ˵绰


119 嶡
ҵ׳ĵ绰˵ǼٵģȻ׳ʶ˶̶̼죬ҵȷǰԴڣҵѶңҵоر
Ȼ֪ҺһݣҲͬĽϾһǰԼС֮ʦһֻǸʶûõѣ˭ѡǰߡ
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ȻСſ˵ҽİ취ǰһĽ࣬һߵԼĺһ߿ٵĽӡֻҪڰڽӡⶫͲˡ


120 ǧҪȥ˴壡
ҵ˵ͷʼĥŪΣȴԼҪôǾȫںϣӡ
ҪôֻŽӡҵһ㣬ȻǲԼò
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һҲҵԺ棬һû˯š
ֻȵĶӡϷϾȻ˴ôΣգһҪһܹסĵС


121 磡
ڶ죬ҴŻƴɼææĸķɻɵɽ
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˾ʦ߶߶ģ˵ôɶģҿŻƴɵӣֵĲУ⹷֮۾ǵ濴һ߿һ߶ʹɫǷʲôһ
˼˾ͣ³ﻹŻƴɽ־ֹ˳Ǯ֮Żƴɣܵһ˵ղŵô£ǰǴӲеզͽˣ
ƴɹ۵ɵĺܴҿҷ͵𣿹УṷУ㲻Ҫƾס
⹷ȻȣҲû̧žߣ⼸ĽӴҲ͸Ƣ
ƴһɶƢ˽ⲻԽԽҪǸɴ಻һԼȱﲻסˡ
ȻҲ߳СƴɾƨƨߵܵԱߣײһ£һŹϱܷḻǺڴģڰĳ˵СӣҸղź񿴼һˡ
һˣһûӦƴϾ˵Һ񿴼˽
һ˷ܣû뵽ҲŸյˣ˸磡


122 ϴ
磿
˼ˣﻹѰ˼ŸôȥѰ˴أû뵽ƴֱ˵˸磡
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㻹˵Ȼһ˶ڴϣҪѵĿ죬ǵñɡֵ
ⲻǻɣҸǮҹҸǧǮҿ˵ǮⶫѾûʲôˣֱӿ˵
⻹ࡣ̾һаɣǣȰǮңߣ
ҸմǮʱСĶҵ󣬲ͣĿΪССͨ˸ʾͣһʱеĸӴ
ҼϵҲʼͺƴİѹһ
⣡
ܿ죬Ҿʶ飬һŲͣСģЩתͷˡ
ʱҲ˵ǣզˣǮ
ŶŶϡһ߼װǮʱ䣬һŰ취
ľ飬ʱԲܻͷ֪󵽵ʲô
㣡סҼҲӵܹܵϵıвϵ⡣
СʱҲӼ
ȴʱҪǱ¶ʲôǸ϶ҪֵģЩҲ
ʱȥǮ֣Ȼ͵ֻȻֻݻˣֻĻķӦûǿԿʲôģҴͳֻյʱ
ִ˹òûǮɣûǮҿɾҪˣ㣬Ҳ䵽־档
ǲǣҸǮҼӲȥˣæͳǮǮǧǮӼǱߵ˹ȥǧǮȻˮһ£ɹӦûǿõģ
ôת˵Цſ˵ûнӹǮ
ЩһػˣϵСʱֱҵļϣȴ֪ʲôˣֱӰСĸĵ˵ϣͣĲҽУԭʵʵҲʼЩ͸
Сģæ˵
ʲôСİʼЩŤ죬ͺһɤѧŮ˵һ
˵꣬ɤӿʼЦرɭֲ
ëȻʱҲܲôˣֱӰǮһͿʼͳƷ׼嶡Ҵӡʱ򣬺Ȼһ˹ǻþ۾
Ǹͺֱӳһԭµ˲
һ£æ۾ϴѹҲұ۾ʧӰ١
磬𣿡
ҿһ䣬ȴû˵ҵ˺һоô۾ɵվţΣգæķֽŵԼʼӡȰ嶡Ż۾
۾ҾͿԭյϣ֪ʲôʱһٷŮżż˫۾ͺһ˫˵۾
ֱĿҡ


127 Ѫ۾
˫۾ͺ޾ħһ㣬·Ҫҵ궼ȥ
æ۾ȥһߣʱ򣬴ԺӵһߴһæȳǱȥ
ҸܹȥͿһ׳ĺţһĴڹǱ߳˹һܣһ߿ͣСӣզˣϽܣ
ܣһ£תۼƴѾܹӣȥһ磬ȻһޱȼЦӺ洫˹
ȻͿһŨԺӿ˹
ƴɵ洫˹Ѿʲôأܰٲܵ𣿡
ŵ亹ӿˣæȸŻƴһȥСļƲҲֱӳǰһԾ˻ƴɵϡ
òܵ⣬ƴɾͿ˵ţţǹܳ
ѾŨѾӿſˣŨ棬ƺиƮ
æһץסţȻѪаŻס
Ǳ߾ʹһ޴ײһɾֱӰѪòŻϵ
ڣƺܳţһʼҵײκȾˣĵ˺һȷһŻƴɿ˵浽ʲô
ƴȴĶסţû˵ҼƴɵЩ֣Ҳ˳ۿķ˹ȥͿŷһ˫ѪĴ۾Ŀǣһɹ͸ŷ쳯ӿ
һʶ˼СҲһֱӻصҵĻ档
һ˫۾뿪ŷ죬ûˡ
浽һʲôҿŻƴɿ˵
ƴЩµĿ˵ˣ˭һͷˣӲˡ
ˣҿѯʵ
ţаһż˰ݣö֮żմȾڵаͻ᲻ͣĻۣȵҪʱ򣬾ͻˣ岻֮⣬Ѿӵǻۡƴɿ˵
ҺȻ֮ǰǸεŮżҲһ֪Ƕǲǻƴ˵Ǹˡ
ղ淢ʲôˣҿŻƴɣɻ
ƴȴЩĪĿң˵𣿡
ûаһ£˵
ƴҲЩԥĵһ£Ҳԣʱϣʱ㻹ûг
ʲôҿɻ
ƫ濴һʯʯд1973ʱһλ𣬵ʱиǮؽ˫ʥΪ˸л͸һʯʯд֣ΡƴĶң˵
ңܰ1973ʱ趼ûʶҰأôܻǮǲͬͬյİҿɻ
һŻ񣬻ϵˣ㣬һѺǰһĽؼǣϵˣ·һģһƴɿң˵
һ£ܰɡ
ۿģܻ㲻ɣƴɸоԼĹ񶼱Ҹˣæ˵
ҲЩɻ1973ꣿҿ϶ǲģҲûǮһؽ
֪ΪʲôҵȻһ˵֣˸òǲطɡ
ҲܰǲطĻôε֣ʱһû
˺һоԼҲ벻ͨ龿ôһ£ҲͲȥ룬ǿŻƴɣ˵Ȳ˵ˣղŲѭŽϢȥ𣿷ʲôû
ƴһ˵ǸоϢ˺ܳһʱ䣬ǸƫɴѪɾģҸղʱ򣬷ǸǱûƷǽϵģҲСĽҵŻֽѹġƴЩµĿ˵
ҲŲǲСĽҵǻֽģֻҪһǻ۵ˣһżûƷǽϣȥҿġ
Ҽƴƺû˵ϸӣҲûʣϾҵƷ¿ǻƴɵ˽Ҿͼ˵ˣղҲһżٷŮżͺǻһһ˻þΪӴˡ
Ӧǻûгͨˡƴɿ˵ż۾еаԣſþ㵱ʱ϶ڼǹųŻּĻþ
һ£ǹݱ©ٿ𣿡
ԵģֵĶǱ۾ֻҪ۾Ͳʲô¡ƴɿ˵
ҺȻʲô˵ԣ֮ǰұסʱҾ˸ұ۾
ˣƴһ£ղſܾ⸽ǳȥ
һ£˵ղŸԱߡ
ţ飬ӦѾˣȴǲ֡ƴɱ۾֪ŪʲôȻ⸽ϢŨ˲٣ղ
һ⻰͵һ˵ȥѽȻȥ
ãƴɵ˵ͷ
ҳǱ߹ȥհѪд͵رײһ£мѿһ϶һŨıŨӿ˳Ҵһ
ʶľͰѪиˡ
Щ֪ʱһ˫Ѫ˿Ĵ۾Ƿ϶ð˳ҵ۾ֻʮףһ£ͷ˲ÿհס
ð洫һȻһĹֵЦ˳


128 
ΣŸأƴɵȻԺһһ飬һ
ʱ򶨾һ˫۾ҶӰԼɵվǣҸо˫ʥʵ̫аһ㣬Ѫоͳȥ
ղûһ˫ɫ۾ߵƴߵʱ򣬿˵
ʲôɫ۾ƴҡҡͷҸղŸоһ£ͻƫˣǱߣˣˡ
һ£ѵҵĴղҾŹˣ
ЩŽɵĸŻƴһȥ˼ϸоʲôڶҵĺ󱳿ҶЩëȻתͷһ£ȴûзʲô
ѵ̫ˣԼԴоԼȷЩŹˣҲû̫⣬Żƴһֱǰš
ǹӱŵĸоȴһֱûʧҺͻƴתǺǹɱ˶ŵĸоʧˡ
ҽŵ˵ҸղĸоǱ߿ңת䣬Ǹоʧˡ
ɱˣôͨ˶û֣ܷʲôƴһСĵΣһ͵֪ǰҵЩͽôƺҵ𣿡
ô֪ƴɿǾЩŹȣԲ˻þԿʼתƻ⣬Ҳʼƴ
մɣޱߣͨ졣ƴһ߽Դһ߿ڴꡣ
ɱˣΪû˲Ϲֵ̨ʺðɡûĵ˻ƴһۡ
ٺٺ١ƴɸɬЦЦ
ƴһϣҸղǽŵҲ˲٣ҲоԼղſЩˡ
ҲЩֲûˣզһһէġ
ǧѪʬӶأһƨ
ƴһҡβͣһ߳ǰţţһʼԭشת
զˣҼƴɵЩ֣æ˵
զϢȫʧˣƴЩɻĿڷ͵
һ£ܰɣôܺȻʧأ
ģʧˡƴɿڷһ䡣
ʱҲʼ۲ΧĻ⸽ģֻһ俴ŨУҿӣ˵˵᲻氡
ƴ˼˺һſڷ͵пܣ⸽һӣп档
ǽȥһ£˵
ϹأȽȥһٽȥһٽ͸ղһܽˣղǽˣҹֱҪżƴûĿڷ͵
ΪȥҪĲҽҶȥġûĿ˵
ˣ֪㵣ңĺˣ˽˿κεңһ㶫ҵëƤƲˣţֻܹܺԼҪǳʲô£ͷˣӿɾԩˡƴһٵĿѡ
ˣ֪ˣϽȥɡûĶŻƴɻ˻֡
ƴ˽ȥҲ֪ǲҵĴȥΧŨҲŨ˲١
ҵͷһᣬǹҺ󱳵ĸоٴӿͷƤһĴһ£ΧŨŨûʲô
Ǳ˶ŵĸоȴһֱţһɳԹ޵־ҵĺ󱳣˶סˡ
һЦӴɽȥﴫ˳һ¡
ʲôŵÿ̱ʱ򣬺ȻиӰ˳һܿҾͷⶫǻƴɡ
ƴܳʱر𽹼һţһ߿ڷ͵˹ˣ⵽ʲôطôʲôĶУ
ܳҾͿһֻѪܵץżͺжҪһ
һ£æŻƴһ
ЩŨҸŻƴһԼǰѾûлƴɵӰˡ
ԭأЩĿڽеɣɣ
ûлƴɵһҸòǸ˰ɡ
æγѪУʱҲֻץѪУһ㰲ȫˡ
ץѪŨһԽߣԽûףΪΧһƬãã֮⣬ûʲô
ʱߵǰͲ֪Լǰһӡ
һ־壬ĸоҲʼҵĵ򿪵˶һӿ˳
ָҵĵѻţѹֵĸоҲг
ڴϣΪԼ˵ʱ򣬺ȻԱߵһŴ˿̽һǱСԴСԴЩֵĿŵѪһۣ˵λ߶𣿡
һʼȱⶫһ˵ҾͷӦǻˣЩôģ²ģͿ˵԰
Ȼͬģطֻǻ˼꣬Ӧòûл˵ġ
ɡСŮŴһС϶ҿ˵
ҵ˵ͷѪ·Ž˽ϸ룬ִӻͳһŻֽҧԼϣ嶡ŴСŮ򿪵ķ϶˽ȥ
ȥСŮЩ߶߶İŸˣȻҾ͸оһˮҵԴϽȥŵҲ㶯ִˡ
ȻͿһվһߣһͰĶңʵûʲôֵĵطһ˵Ǹֻ̽һ£ǲЩ
û¡ҿɬİ˰֣ûзϣֹطŵ㣬ͻȥ
СŮʱҲߵߣ˵ְ֣֪˸˻϶ģǼҳԵĶͲˡ


129 ʮ˫ʥ
һ£ҲЩεЦΪϵȷûʲôԵĶֱĵطӦþʳˣҵĴڵȷһ׸
ȴЦЦ˵ȻҲ֪ʲôˣȻˣܼܲȰɣһܹⲻȥģ˶˫Ӱˡÿ˳ԵĶһ㣬ҲԱ
ԽҲԽǹⲻȥ±ֻм֮ǰڰ˱ʱûѹɣʮңóѹɣСŮҲЩĿıɡ
Ұѱɸ֮Ҳ˿˵磬Ҳ̫ã˵˵ﵽ׷ʲô飬Ұ˳˺Ҿ뿪ˣסġ
˿һۣ˵ӾǴˣȻ֪ʲôĿģҲò㣬ѡ⣬һĴطֻҪͳȥˡ
ȥˣһ£˵ǰ
ǰʮǰˡһ˵ţã
˽ŮСͳˣСûгСǼºļ󣬲ġ
ʵϣȻڱ˿ǹ˵㣬ıȴȻ壬Ǽ˫ʥˡ
һжǰƽĽţռôһѾȫԸ㣬Ȼûͨˮͨ磬ǿǿԼӵġ
ҪʲôʱͿȥҲûʲô
Ȼƽӣʮǰİʮţ䡣
˵ʱҲһ־壬ֿ־岻ܹװĳģȫڹĿ־壬ıŵ˵Բֱ顣
ϰȻ˲̫һһЩջһģֻ˰Ѱʮ¸ĳ˼˫ʥ
ÿİʮ壬˶ۼ˫ʥ˫ʥ
ÿÿҪɱţݹ˫ʥżݹľ⣬ԼԺܡ
Ҳ⡣
Ͽʼ˾Ϳʼæµ׼˫ʥ飬ÿÿʹǺӣðæ
ʹǴеˣ죬Ҳװһڷܵӡ
ļ岢㸻ԣԲûɶţֻɱһֻ
ϵرԲûмôԲôмԲ
ڵʱף˵϶ա
죬ż׵ļǰ˫ʥݣݵʱûʲô⡣
ǵȼݽ󣬴ͿʼһŨʱûôŨǱסںϣƽҲ
Բû˰һ¡
ȵݽһȺžͻ˼ң˯ˡ
ҹҹʮңĹȫʼĽ˵ʱԼϱ£մ˯ء
ͱ⹷˯ž
ͳŰЩɱˣһϣҲһû˯
ڶϣմ˯ʱ򣬼ͽһˡ
Ĵ峤죬ƽҲͦģʱ򣬱ЩԾ˯ˣϽ·ȥ漯ϡ
˵󣬾ͼҴҵˣȥһˡ
Ǵֱ˯ģƽ峤ҲʱĽҲʱ򣬴峤Ӽùء
룬ǰ·Լ˯Ȼǿϴȥá
õʱѾкܶˣһ½½ĺܶ˼ȫ˶ˡ
ע⵽Щ˵ı鶼̫ԾɫҰײҰ׵ģĿ־壬Լһһû˯ˣЩҪܶࡣ
ܿ죬˶ˣЩ˼Ѿ˵ģŮ֮ʱΪû˵˶Щ겻ĿվмĴ峤
ǿ峤˵ʲô
͸Ժˣ׷ʲôզֻǹһϣ˶һأ
ܿ죬֪ࡣ
ԭϴ󲿷˻ؼҺ궫ֱ˯ˣЩȻ˵˯ȴҲûгʮ㡣
ȻⲢûʲôֵģϾ屾˯ıȽ磬гʮ˯ġ
ʹҲΪ첻֪ô£Ӳŵ˺þãҲûʲôòӲˣһȥˣؼΣΪԼǷˣЩµģʮ㻹û˯š
ϾǻûŮʱͲˣҪӾġ
Щ˯ŵˣԼͬһΣһΡ
ǣһٷӢ˺ʹھ·ƯŮˣԼܣǾǴƽݵ˫ʥ
Ϊ˸лˣΪֻ￴һϷ
Ϊ˻رҡ
εˣҲûоʲôϾ˫ʥԼСݵģȽϴ˵ԼǰȣܲܺԼɣҲӦˣһȥϷ
ȥЩ˲ŷЩԾΪǷ֣ˣܶ࣬Щ˶Ǵˣ£󲿷ֶˡ
ֻЩǿϷˣ鶼Щͣͺͱסһ
ǻ
ЩλãȫˣֻλǿŵģʱǸʥ˵ô죬ûϷϾҪϷˡ
ȰɣϷӿʼʱǻûǾˣϾ˻϶ˣϷӿɲˡŮʥЦſ˵ͿĨſں촽ڰƤĳ¾ȻԵЩ


130 ־
Ҳֻˡʥ̾һƺЩʡ
Щˣһ⣬ֻҪԼˣôԼҲ֪ô£Ǳռһˡ
۾ֻĶϷ̨ͺͱŵľżһ
ֻɵš
Ҳ֪˶ãʥ˵ˣˣȿʼɡ
ʥ˵꣬ŮʥҲ˵ͷ˵ֻˣ
ǻ䣬ǾͿһŨױĨϷӴӺһˡ
Ȼôǿ־ǣЩϷӾȻˣһֽˣЩֽ˿һҲ֪ʲôĨˣرޣرĹ졣
ؼǣЩֽ˳ֺ󣬴ǾͿʼûκ
ЩֽϷϷ̨ϿʼЩŤŤš
û֪ЩϷӵݵϷһֻ֪ÿϷӶޱȵԹ죬Ϸ磬˶оԼ忪ʼñ
ʱƣֱҲӵŨ鲼űУԺʶָоͺǱסһ
Լôȥߴ٣ˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãһϷŽȻ˫ʥ̨Ϸ̨µĴǿ˵ϷȵˣǣʱѾЩˣҾذɣ
˫ʥ˵󣬴ǶֲԼЩԱߵҲЩľګĴλվͺֽһ߳⡣
߳ź󣬾ѹˣһ˽ЩֵĴӴԼ󱳶亹ûüпߵҲѹԼһͷ󺹣һµӡ
һجΣͬĿ˵
Ȼһͬʱ˵ǲ˫ʥȥϷ
仰˶һ£ѵԼѾϬ̶ֳȣζһ
ܿ죬˺ӿ޵æźӵķȥ
˺ӺһŴӺӿ֪˿޵ࡣ
ǾǺӾȻҲԼͬΡ
ʱѾʶЩԾˣæŴ峤ȥϾ峤ǴΨһ֪ʶӣһﲻɵƽجΰȢ°ǵô峤
Լ⵵£϶ҪҴ峤һΣϾȫ˶һΣε˫ʥ鶼⡣
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󣬴峤˵Ҳε˫ʥϷˣ
Щɵĵ˵ͷѵҲˣ
ЩԾһȥ˽е棬лҪ峤˵꣬ͼҴҵĳȥ
Ҳ˲ԾĵطҲ̫һɣôȫ˶һģһΣؼǣԼεʱ򣬻εȫˡ
ѵǵһˣ
˵ĺҲˣСĿ˵Ҹо˫ʥҪȵˣӦңһϱֵ˯žҲûε˫ʥ
û˯峤Ҳ˵Ҳû˯
˵ͷţû˯
ǿԿ϶ģǵξһˣӦ˫ʥ˼峤һȻ󿪿˵˫ʥҪʲô˼
ˣôôұȥ㻻·ģںˣȥˡ˿˵
һ˵Ҳע⵽ˣȷʵе
ȻƽһҲмĴϵǸΣȴ˰ϵ˫ʥϡ
˶ЩĻ̵̻ӣ峤Ҳѹѹ֣˵ȱ£Ҿ˫ʥûʲô⣬Ͼ汲СǼǵģǻǵ棬ôẦأܾҪлһƽ𹩷
ȻЩоܺ£Ͼֻסĸоʵļ£Ȼ峤ô˵ˣҲû˼⻰϶˵ʲô
ȻͿ˵˫ʥ˵ϻǣʱô죿
˯ɣȻ˫ʥܺǣҲûҪʲô˺£ǽ˯ϰŲҪ˯峤˵꣬Ͱ˰֣ʾߡ
оЩĪܹоĵĿ־壬峤ڣ˶ܺ¡
ΪµĶԼСݵ˫ʥԼʹ£Ҳû˳ȥ˵ʲô
˫ʥľηʤԼĿ־壬оܲε϶ʲôè壬ȻѾûȥˣϻǲȥˡ
һϱ˯ţ˯һ죬ϼžͺˡ
˴ţؼҺԼҵ˵£Ҳõ֧֣һ㣬ֱӰ˯ˡ
һ죬Ȼо£ȴ˫ʥĺ⣬һֱΪ˫ʥẦԼģӦøµҲȥˣѻŵǹӿ־ͲϿգþòƮɢ
ڴ죬˯һľһ˯࣬ʱѾǻƻˡ
ȥշԼȥһֵķˡ
ȥҲЩԾˣʱ򣬴˲̫æģѾ׼˯ˡ
죬۳춼ˣЩ˻š
ûҪȥȻû˵ȴûһ˸һȥˣԼҲԺͻǹ˫ʥ
ҹĽ٣Щܲһ죬ҹǺģҹɺ࣬ȻԸ⣬Щ˻һȥˡ
ϣΪ˯һ죬ʮʱûһ˿⡣
Ϊ飬ӾˣԼֱȵָָʮʱ򣬴˹͡
һΣرӤҹ䡣


131 
һϣԼڱɪɪһһʵ̫˯ţǱŵãԼһ˯ͱǶʥϽȥϷ
ڶʱ򣬰Լȫ˶ۼ
һΣ˱øˣѾĸо˱ĪѹֵĿ־иŪǸꡣ
ؼǣһ˼
һȺ˵һǼ˻ûȥˣǼ˵ļûҵˣڱҵ˼ֽˡ
ֽ˿ͺͻŵһǴ峤ȥһ£òӦȻһ£淢ֲǼŵֽˡ
⡭峤һĻһ
ЩҵؿڣѾһ£ǾԼû˯ţƺǾԼһ
Լ˯ŵĻ
Ǻֱ룡
ʱȻ˿˵ɶ
һ˳ָķ˹ȥÿһѪдŵİֽֽ˵ߣΨһһʶֵ˾Ǵ峤ˡ
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զ죿˿˵
ɢ˰ɣϴҶˣȥȥ˫ʥʲô峤ǿװ򶨵Ŀ˵
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صҺԼҵ˵˽췢Ĺ£ҲЩסˣ˵Ҿ˫ʥЩаţǻû֣Ҫܰɡ
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һ죬֮ǰһӵĽˣһҹ˶ȲĻصԼңʼ׼˯
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һÿʮңƽʱ϶ǹģû˻еû¸ɣܣǰЩӻ˹ִ峤û¸Ūôബ
һΪǻỮģӻỮҲô
մ峤˵ģȰѺͳȥЩϣҪĻĶӾˡ
Ϊͷģ峤˴˵ԼһߣȻЩ׳Ｑǵŵһ˳ȥ
ƽһǲģڲһˣ֪ʲôʱˣȵʱ򣬿ܴһ˶ûˡ
ȻΣգ˻ǳŴŨʻȥ
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һֱŨˣҲޱȵѹ
ŻһСʱɣȻ˿ںǰа
˶ƴǰ
ȵʱ˶ˣΪǿվڰͷĴ
ǣˣ


132 ҹ
ȻҲˣȵϰȫΧ˹զֻˡ
ȥˡһ˵ܴǳȥһȦֻˣ˫ʥǳȥ
и˿˵
˻䣬ڳĸȫ˳Ŀ־ǵľȫˡ
ʲôΪʲôҪôǣ峤ڵϣĿߡ
ȻѾȥˣֱĵķŭٴλȥˣһΣҵѾûнˣΪ֪˫ʥҪ˶
˶
һ죬ҵѾٷˣеֻ޾ľţÿ˵ҲѾûޱȵľ
Ȼȥ󣬴ҷ֣ЩԭЩȫˣر֣ͺǱ˸Ѫһûһ
һĻҲû˱ȵ飬Ŀ־ѾǶԿ־ľˡ
ֻˣûʲô
ֻоܺ£Ϊ֮ǰÿ˫ʥٵʱ򣬶йڣʧˣǲζʲôأ
̾һŸӵص˼ҡ
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ŵɫر־壬մ˵ʲôأ˾Ϳ˵峤ˣ
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Ǹһ鵽˴峤ңյŵòɵú˼
峤Ҿۼ˲ˣǿ˴峤
Ϊ峤͵ԼļſڣϱӸ˲ٵӣɫѪҺһأԺŻѪζ
ڳûһ˵˶ĶŵԼſڵĴ峤еҲʼһЪ˹Ŀ־֧䡣
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˵Ҳڳ˶Ķˣ԰Լͼ˾ͼ˫ʥûʲô취һ˾ۼһأ
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˶ҪһˣΨһһŵţҳ쳣ҪϽѡ
ȻͲͬˣϾȫ˶ˣǾҪֵԼˡ
Ȼһӹĺ࣬Ҫţ
صҲ˸ȵʱ򣬲ŴԼҵȥãһΪ涼ˣԭЩֿʼˡ
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ͣţûһ˸˵ͺղΪ־峳ֵ˲һ

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ղŻ˷ŹǷĴʱҲûһ⡣
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ͷȻ۽ǵ⿴˴Ǳߣһ˫޴Ѫ۾͸ӣĶˡ


133 
ŵôгʱ˫۾ȴȻʧˣǱֻкҹĻƺ˫Ѫɫ۾ûгֹһ
أУϾ˿ʡ
һ˵Ҹղź񿴵һ˫۾ڴǱ߶ǡ
˵꣬ڳ˴˷ĺû˸ҳŴǱ߿ˣƺ˫۾һ˰ŰɵĿ˵ɣǲĻþ
ܰɡʱҲЩɻѵԼ̫ڿ־ˣԳֻþˣ
ԽԽпܣ̾һ˵ˣҶصԼλȥɣⶫЩаš
˵Ҳ֣֮󣬾Ҳûʲô쳣ͺһĻǻþһһֱûʲô鷢
ڳΪ룬ÿ˶ġ
ʱվ˵ѾǰˣһؼϢɣϢˣϾͺðˡ
ȺϡﻩվһЩȴһ˺ûһǶ޷Ӧ
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˶ˣһһֽˡ
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ڳĶ뷨Ŀ־Ѹٻ˫ʥķŭһ˴ͷԽԽ˾͸ȥˣʼ˻ؼóͷʯͲ
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˼䣬߽ҵԺӣյԺӣҾΪʲôܹ»ܻȥʮ꣬һӡ
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ʱõʱҲᵽ˼õκ͵ģǼҲʳÿõʱ򣬾͹ȥأȻ˺ܶ࣬ǹȥġ˵һ룬̾һ˵ǿСӳʼûԹ⡣
Ҳ̾һȷʵܹѾһˣʲôⲻˡ
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ҺһھƣȻʲôΪ֮ǰ˵ĻǾʮڣ岢ȫû˳ȥ
иߵ񣬻һרҲ壬ȥȻһɵˣһ˴ˣҲȷȷʵʵĳȥˣ˵ĳȥҾһ뷨̧ͷ˵ʵ֮ǰʱ˽ﲢ߲ȥʵôܽٳȥġ
ʲôǴ㵵Ŀ˵
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䣬Ҳˣ˵ϱʱҲˣʶĿɻɶ
ʵпܲأСʱпܳȥֻ˵⵺ֻסˣˣܹȥʱߵʱҵĴ˵ͿԳȥˡһ䣬ĿӾ͵˵ϡ
žžવĴۿӿ˳˼ǣǿ뿪ط
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ǸϽ߰ɣ㲻ǸչǴ߾ͿˡȲվϱ۾Ҫðˡ
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ҡҡͷ˵ڻܳ
ΪʲôЩȵĿ˵
ȣĿĵģĿûдﵽ֮ǰʱ뿪ڶҸղŴģźŨҪȥǳ˵ΡҸղǵ˫ʥ棬ܹ˫ʥˡ˵꣬
㿴ŵ˫ʥˣЩŵĿ˵
䣬ҵĺ󱳺ȻӿֱһֱţëȻĸо


134 
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һһէӣҲЦʵľѾˣ֮ǰϲȾƵģҲֻǷڵĲźһ㣬óҲΪ㡣
ңЩɻĿһ¡
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һλϣſյϷ̨ҲͬһλΧһһĿӲˡ
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һ뵽ҲɵתͷȥҪһ۸磬תͷȥȴһʲô磬һݰ׵ССŹװҲ֪ʲôģҲĶǰϷ̨ӡ
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ɻʱ򣬴ӺһһֽˣЩֽ˿رĹ죬Ȼȴͨ˲һͺһѪɫĴǵϺݺݵĻһһ
ʱһоʹҵϴ˹ҸоԼ嶼ˣ˱˵Ƕˣգһ۾УֻĶǰһϷ
ʱߺȻ̽һԴһҺǸСѪ˿Ҳŵýг


135 ƴɵľ
һҲų岻ܿƵĻһпܱȻľٶŵվ
̽ͷʥ˫Ѫ˿۾ͣĴҺǸСƺҪǵϿʲô
ҵȻÿ±֣æԼĺǿԼĺʼƽһ㡣
ʥһֱǣ˫۾ͣɨңһľС
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ʱ򣬺ȻʲôһҵֱۣԭǹӽӲĸоҲһЩůȻܹٴζ
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һϷ󣬹ЩҪվˣ㵽ʱһǰߣߵʥŮʥǰʱ򣬰ľͱʥƴɿ˵
ǲᱻҹҸ̧־Ҫˡ˵ˣôΣյ飬ԼﲻȥûĿ˵
ƴȴ˵һԼҪ飬ֻҪվסͲᱻ쳣סˣһҪվסһֱľʥ֮ǰܺȻȫ¶ˣǵܴܲȥǾҪһܲܰľȥˡ
Ҽƴ˵࣬Ҳ˵ͷʼڴڵĺ
ԽԽ죬ԽԽ죬ͺǴһ˸о졣
һٽʱȻֹԼоԼĺȻһͣо˰ģڳŵдһȫվƴɸһ
ҵ˵ͷסҲЩĿĴһվ
סּȸҵؿѹţǿҪƴںЩһ̵ĳǰš
ǰվ˫ʥ˫ʥͣѲһϷ̨Ǳ߹ȥˣƴǰ漸λãͺЩĿ͵Ĵûʲô
֮·ҶоЩ̫ˣֿҪϢѣθһɹɵĳҵԴҵ߶ʼ
ܺܺҲͣԼﶽԼﶼҪˣЩͲߵٿһȥûãҹƾҪ¶ˡ
ץסľΪֻҴϢĸоתһЩע
ǰȥֵƴɵʱҷֻƴʲôûЩǹԹԵĽĻ
ܿ죬ֵҵ˫ʥǰ˫ʥ˫Ѫ˿ͣɨңƺҪҵϿʲôԾĵط
ʱҵĺѾﵽ˼ޣٶһ룬ҹԼҪ¶ˡ
ıסԼļֱۣ́ĳһ˲䣬ֱӰľʥ۾


136 һ˫ʥ
ľʥ۾󣬾ͺǱڻһ£͵һɹ̴ʥۿð˳
˭һԵŮʥȻ˵
ûҷӦΧĳͺһһޱҵнҴξ͵һѣ
Ѿ쵽ˣһŴϣͷ󺹣ҲһѺһһ£һũС䣬ҴӴȥ
ߵ棬ÿһڿ棬ҳˣҲЦЦ˵մȥأԼѹˣզûɶ°ɡ
ҵ˵ͷԼղż˫ʥϾûʲôҪܸоʲôҡ
Ӧòû˵ô򵥡
˫ʥΪʲôôԹӣǵĿƺֻˣȻΪʲôλô࣬һڵһˣ
˫ʥڵĿģƺֻΪȫ֣
ƴΪʲôҪǸΪʲôҴʥ۾ָȥˣ֮ǰΪʲôҪԵ޹ʵʧ
һԺ治ͣЩ̫ˡ
Һ˼ʱ򣬺ȻһޱĲҽرͺҹһëȻ
һ£˵ô£ѵʥʲôΪʲôôĽ
ҸղʥһʥŻġ
ֻ˵ƴʲô
Ӳģһޱȼĺҹ
ŮʥҲ֪˵ģ˵ϵЩëȻ
ô£ǰ꣬˫ʥûʲô춯ôһǷ˿Ƶá۾ֵ
õģĺˣһǴȳġЦЦ˵
ллҾһ
һǶû˯ͣ죬һ˶ܸȤɻֻһЩִĶЩ˵δţδ
˵ʱǵгκС
֪ʱ͵ӣѾЩˣ˵ˣѾȥˣ˯ˡ
ô򵥣ЩŵĿ˵
˵ͷ˵ȻأѵĻҺôڵģ
룬Ҳȷˣһ˵Ҫȥһˣͷߵʱһһȥġ
ΣյģòҪԳȥ˵
ҡҡͷȲ˵ĿΪҵ磬ѾͻƴʧȥϵСǧҲ֪ͬ٣Ҳ֪ǻôҵҿɲܾôȹ
ЦЦγԼѪУ˵ĺˣ˫ʥȻа취ġ
ȻǿʲôƣĵӣѪпͺǲһ緹һҪԣȻһ緹˺뿪
߳һ£Ϊҷֲ֣һˣô˵أǸʲôһĵطΧ˲٣֮ǰǸ˼׾ʲôˣȻɼΧȴ˲١
Ҹļ䣬ʼԭ·˻ȥߵƴ֮ǰȥǸ¥뻹ûнȥƴɽȥҪܳôóóȻĽȥ˵¡
ҪĻǻصߣûг²Ҫģһֱֳ˶ŵĸо
ǵͬʵʰĿⲻͣҵĺɨţһ˵ģⲢûʲô⣬Ҳû̫ЩǼǰߡ
ߵ˫ʥʱͷһΪ˫Ѫ˿һòʲôɡ
ҾҧŻƷó嶡ʲôҲһ
һֱ뿪˫ʥķ룬Ҳûʲôһռ䣬Űȥ
ǵҵĿɻûʧϰ˱ĿⶢţʵҲûоʲô
һڵ˰ߣ˰ߺҷǹǴڣһ£òỹڴϰɡ
ͷһߵĽŲҲ˲٣ڴϵĻڡ
һֱߵߣŸ̽Դȥһ´ֳڴϺһ
һͬʱһˣȥˣ
⴬ûʧҲ˵û뿪죬ȥˣѵˣ
ôȥģ
ʱҺȻ˰һӡ߹ȥһӡӦǸղȳģϰĽӡΪӡͨһġ
ڽӡĸһЩѪ
˭
ѵǳˣҵֳ⡣
һ˳Ų׷ٹȥ˭
ϾҶԳǺ֮ģҰǣģˣرھΡ
˳ŽӡһֱزʧһܹѪȥ١
ӡƺǽˣߵĲͬһ·ߡ
ҸѪһҲ߽˴ӣ˴ӺѪҲЩϡʱҪʮʮףܿһѪ
˺ôĹŸѪһطѪʾģǸѪ˾ǽط
ȴټǰһˣΪطٲȻǳ֮ǰȥǸ˫ʥ֮һ˫ʥ
˫ʥĴű˴һ룬ɭɭ˫ʥҺݺݵһڿˮܸоʲôڶҡ


137 ʳż
ԥһ£ǾҪȥȻ˫ʥȷΣգҲҵ˽İ취ǾǸо̫Ծʱ򣬾ͱ۾
ֻҪʱԾʱҰ۾ϾͿˣҪǾôˣ˵ʲôΣգǾҼԵĺˡ
ڼôȳҲûа취¾һ׼ǾǴͷȻֱȲܲܽȥ˵ʧܱȺԼûҪðɡ
ҧҧѪУֱӴ󲽵ĳ˫ʥȥ
˫ʥ֮ǰȥǼ˫ʥҪС֮ܶ࣬ǰǸ˫ʥΪƫ˫ʥȴֻһ
ټԺֻһǶѪһֱ֮ͨУĴҲţһǸղ˽ȥ
ѵ˽ȥǸ˰˳ɾǳ
һоԼϵ嶡ûʧСҲûгʲôΣӦûûȥǼ˫ʥΣա
Ҹߵſڵʱ򣬺Ȼһҽ洫˳һ£æƿĴ˽ȥ
սȥҾ͸оһ֮ϵ嶡ֱӱ֮壬ѪвͣĲš
ŽȥҿⱲӿĵһĻΪҿ˳ϣ˫Ŀҡ
Ķӱ˸һѪһء
ȻⲢĵģĵǣһźɫżڳĶϣͣʳųԡ
ʶĺŽȥһ˲䣬ǸżҲʲôڰʳŵĶҲһ١
ҵͷ˲һֱתͷܣҼֱˣȻѾˣҲûʲôˡ
תܵʱҲһЦ
ûҷӦ͸оʲôѾҵļϣһŨѪζ˹ŨѪζһҪŻµ
ǶҼϵͬʱҸоԼĲ쬷ʲôڶҲӴ
һĺë˲䱻
ҴְҼϵĶ˦ҲһͷֱӴ󲽵ĳſȥܳſںֱӰһŵ˲䣬ҿĴſڣһѪȵżԴ˫ֵ۾Ķҡ
һ˫ֵ۾ô˵أûӣ۾ѩɫģž˸оëȻ
źסŻǸܳ˺һŻҲûеȵǶѵֻȥԳˣ
һʱһҺͷϵķõҵԴϣȥһճģһѪζ
һһѪ˲һæ̧ͷϿȥͿһŹֵޱȵżſϣſѪڣ˫ѩɫ۾Ķң˫Ŀһ£ֱҵͷƤˡ
ҷˣżЦһεѪҵϣҹ˲ȥҪתܣȴԼˣ˵ܣҪ۾ҲС
ֻĿǸżһĳ˹ԽԽԽԽ
۳žҪֱӴˣôȥҵﲻɣֱͨһéɽĵƣǰһڡ
һҲûʱȥʲôˣڵһ˫۾ʱֱѡ͸оԼԭŪñ˲ʲôѿˣһκ֮ǰһ֮ǰǸо̫ǿеǿܰҵĻǶȥҵܵ޴ĸɡ
һβһȻЩϰȴɻҿԲٿصģܹоõһƺ˳ľͲٿס
ʱһЦҵͷ˹۳żҪҵͷˣЦһֱȥץסǸżһ˦˵ϡ
żˤڵϺ󣬷һĲҽڵϣǾĿҡ
֪ҵʱ䲻ˣ֪ʲôʱĹͻȥˣԻҪ֮ǰΣո˲УֱԼϵѪС
ƺҲоͣѪҲʼ˽
Ҷŵ׼żЦһֱӵʼŪ嶡һûлƷ£ҶѾ˳ó嶡
Һ֮ǰ˽嶡ȫһ
˵Сó嶡ްĻ֮ǰûƷٻ嶡һT
ٻ嶡ɾһףһ+10ʥס
һ˲ҶоԼɸˣ
ϵżƺҲע⵽ԼЩ򲻹ңȻĶңһȥˡ
ôܵȲ˵ܵͷ᲻ᱻŪ˳ҾһҪ
ֱһԾ𣬳żȥѪ죬ż״ֽһתܡ
ܵҿ죬Ҽ׷Ѫжֱӿȥ
һ˲ͰżȸżһȳһյҪǰȴֱӱҲס˻ֻԭزͣİš
Ҫһߵʱǰһڣ͸оԭֳĸо˲䱻ˣ˶ʱõ䵽˵ֱһ̱Ϳ̱ȥˡ
ˣˣ
û뵽εĳ־öȾȻôͣôһҾЩסˡ
ϲͣҪܵżʱҲע⵽Ծתͷ˫ѩ׵۾ɻŴҡ
û뵽ҾȻôģ
һ꣬Ҫ˲䣬һ˫ַסҵĺ󱳣ûҵȥҾһϤ


138 ˴
ĵҲӿǰһڣֱӻȥٴʱ򣬷Լ֮ǰȥǸ˫ʥʬѾ˴ˣֻܿһ̯ѪǶ
ʱҲŸоԼʲô棬ġ
һҵıӣ˲ѹſ۾Ϳһžޱȵգ˫ƯĲɷճյĿң˲ޱȵĮ
һ£
ôǺ֮ǰҵĲǸ
æĴûпټƺҵ飬𿪿˵Ѿˡ
֮ǰҾ֪˵Ǹ磬ĻҲһ£ղŸĹˣ
ΪʲôˣڼƻҪʲô飿
һãӣر֣˻ʲô̾һʱҪȥЩẦģ߰ɣҴ뿪ȥԲûʲôô
ʲôôÿ˶Ҫҽӽæɻ
ȴЩЦЦ˵㲻Ҫ֪Щ뿪ɣﲻӦôĵط
ҾܲһװһҵӣʲôΪҺãȴʲô˵˼ұͨͨһˣȦӣȴʲô֪ѻ˺ܾõĸʱ˲䱬ըҿźЩĿ˵
ȴǵȻĽԼǰһ˿˶ľתһߣ˵һӦüˣһģֻܸôࡣǸСŮѣǸƵСҲΪŲ
һᵽСǧҵע˲䱻˹ȥæ˵أ
ܿͿԼˡЦȻվӣ˵Ҳ֣ǻҳղǵģվʱϴŵ·ȴûմһĻҳ
һ˵㾿˭ʲôϵʲô
Ӧ֪ʱ϶֪ġֱһĳȥ
ŵײȳĻҳڷſһ
һ
ҪվסȴԼѾˣֻܿźʧҵҰС
ںʧҵźȻԶˣæվȥܳȥһʲôӰӣ˵Ҳ֣ղһ֣ΧȻˣѾ쵽Ҫʧĳ̶ˡ
һɻʱ򣬺Ȼ˽һҵ֣תͷȥһÿǧСһ˱һܹ
ûҷӦСֱ˽ҵĻıңǧһЩĿҺСͺڿһϷһ
СԴ˵ôˣ
Ǳˣ㻹ҪСԴҵĻ˵ҲЩ塣
ҿɬЦЦ˵ⲻܹҰ˭Ȼ飬̲סģο㶼ˣҲİ
ӮˡǧһС˵
һ£ʲôӮˣתͷЩɻĿССɫһ죬ƿңЩŤŤץԼĵۣ첻˵
ǧЦЦһߵʱ򣬴˸ģҶ̰˵һܶΣգԸ񶼵ùʤһС
䣬СЩֵĿǧ˵ò˵𣿡
ǧͷڰأҪٲŬһ㣬ҪǸ꾫Ŷ
˭ҪﰡС˶ţӡ
ԻŪһͷˮȫ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˡ
ǧЦЦ˵ˡ
СһͷˮӣҲһۣһӡ
Ҹͷˣզˣʲôûô͸оΪ繫ˡ
ѾõͯˣҲŪ˽Ϊʲôһ£뿪ɡǧһۣ˵
뿪ʶĿ˵ǻƴɻﰡңҴӦһˣҪ뿪ġ
ﻹлˣǧЩ㵵Ŀңܣ˫ʥ˻ŵģԹԲһ˻ȥ
ҿǧ˵ʲôԹӷЩµģ˫ʥ𣿡
˫ʥȴֲ˫ʥǧ졣
ô£æ˵ܸоʲôҲ˽ɵ档
ĴӦ˵Ϊʲôɡǧ˵
ҵ˵ͷͰ֮ǰǱİ汾һǧ˵ˣ˵ҿǧһЩһĴ𰸳
ǧЦЦ˵Ȼʲô֪Ϊʲô˫ʥ𣿰˵˴ôζ鰡
Ϊʲôæ˵
ǧ˵飬Ӧôһε˵𡣡
ңһ£ôʹ˵ˣ
㣬һΡǧң˵˵ʵ֪ʱ򣬲㻳ǸΣǸ꾫࣬Ҳһ㲻ˡ
꾫ˣӼ浽ڣǧѾ˵κ꾫ˣ꾫˭
ô˵֪ΪʲôҺȻ֮ǰƴ˵Ǹ˾޽˫ʥ飬ǸˣҲǽΡ
˵ѾӦǸ꾫͸¶ˣ飬һǿԺ˵ġǧһɫЩء


139 Ҧ
ǧɫҲоЩԾѵ滹ʲôɣ
ǧ˵ҪԪʼ˵ˡ
Ԫľ棿ҿɻʷôƾãǲйһ𣿡
ΪԪܺ𣿡ǧЩЦЦԪǻսϿйľܶط˶Բʳ
Ȼأæѯʵ
һЩͿʼˣȻĴӶֱɱԣһЩģ˵˶ᱻȥԣ֮һǧ˵
ˣʱҾЩëȻʵںĻ˳鷢Ҿһ˼Ĵڣô׶񼫵Լͬĳ̶ȡ
е̫ˣʹڣвٵطг˵ϰס˵ʱǧıҲЩԹޡ
Ȼأæ˵
ʵϳҲֻûа취еİ취Ⱥʳ˺󣬾û˳ˣȴطһΪǸϱûʲôƽҲûʲôݣһҲֹסˡǧ˵
ʱѾЩ׹ˣȻһ飬Ǿ壬˹ͬӣòЩ˲˴ǡ
һ뵽⣬ҺȻЩ
Ļˣʲô
ҲЩ׹ˣԣºѾסˣҲûֳֹͣ˵ϰףֻÿˣŻôȫʳһϰסǧ˵ʱֳЦ˼Ҳӵ
ȻأǿŻµ˵
һֱʱʥˣһԷ򸾣еĽиŮĽҦ£ڵ˵ǸĹٶгļˣҦҲΪƽƣ͢ΪھˣһΪķչѵʱʵ˸ԣǧ˵ʱҺȻ˫ʥҦ¸òݼ˫ʥɡ
ǧ˼ӣҲЦģǾ˫ʥ
һѾЩ׹ˡ
ǧ˵ûһһΪķչŬȻǵʬȴĴĹϳһʳˡ
⣡ҵһƬհף׹˫ʥΪʲôôԹˡ
κˣԼһΪ˱˶ŬΪ˶ԷܶȻԼȴȫʬסǹӵԹģʹҲ⡣
˺޵ĳɱޣҾӦþԹˡ
Ĵʳ˫ʥ󣬾ͷһ¡ǧ۾ң˵ϣĴǶһͬΡ
֮ǰ˵ģƺǳµʱҲһͬΣҲͬ˫ʥ
棬˫ʥѪܵĺ˵ԼģЩԼ˱ġǧ˵ʱϵĳ֮Ũڶ죬ļݣˣȫǱʲôѪ
Ȼأҿʵ֪ΪʲôһΣҺȻо˸ĸȻ˫ʥıȷЩ֣ⲢΪϴס
Ȼô֮ÿ죬˾ͻȫһѪǧ˵ǿʼоֻˣʱ򣬴һʿһԳɽͳĵʿ
˵ǸΣһʵ˵ǸεĻ֮ǰǸҲڣǵû˶갡
ǧȴûм⣬Ǽ˵ʿڴһȦ˴ˣȻԸ˵Լ˵飬ܵвȣǹԹԺ͵ʿ˵ˡ
ʿż˵żŸҦ£ҪΪǽһҹƽϢ˵ԹǧЦǶж˻
˼ǣǻģǰæƽϢԹ𣿲ȻôܻڵģҼȵĿ˵ΪͬԭܸоǸǸˡ
˷˼ݣûǺǸҪϵˣǲ֪˾ôһֲĴڡǧ˵ʱЩµĳ֮ǰȥǸ˫ʥķһۡ
ұǧһ仰סˣЩ֪˵ʲôȽϺˣҿ˵Ȼˣ
ȻܣǸαеĸݣֻһˣǸаŵɷˡǧһ˵ֻ˵˼˫ʥû˵Ժܳˡ
ȻأѾǲԼڼˡ
֮Ȼϵȥ˫ʥڴǵﶼ˫ʥЩ󱻺󱲷ʳǹӱԹͻǵԩ겻ͣ˫ʥΪԼһһ꣬һһԼ㣬ڣ˶ˣô౻ʳ֮˵Թѻ˫ʥϣʲôĹģ̌ͷҡ
һ⾿Ƕֲһ飬Ҳ׹ˣ˫ʥΪʲôһҪˡ
۵ԹǲܱˡģôԹ˵ǳҲΪЩԼε˫ʥܳˡ
ǵжܻų
Ĵҵʱ򣬴Ǹ˫ʥķȻһҹɵЦЦڿвͣ𵴣˺ȫ亹
ڣˡ


140 ׬
ˣʲô˼һĹܵȻʼŨСɫҲ˲ò԰ã֮ǰ˵Ǹ񣬺񣬱˫ʥץȥˡ
ɣ˵ֻҪ˯Ͳڻǰ찡
ҺܿȻˣұ˫ʥץξеʱƺҲǰ죬Ȼǻƴøҽȥģһ㻹ǿԿ϶Ǿǰȷܱ
ΧŨۿɼٶȿʼӿܿ죬ͱϰʱֻǼ⣬Ϳκζ
˭Ҳ߲Ͽղͣǻš
Ǹע⵽ˣҪɷסǡ˵ʱǧüͷҲ
ô죿һ˻еþ𣿡æѯʵ
ɷ˽һԲֻнԹ˽ᣬɷ˲ΪãԹ˽⣬ɷ˱ᷴɣڼȻɷѾܹΪˣҲ˵ˣˡģ̌ͷɨһۣ˵
ҵıҲЩӲҺ񣬸ղŻ˵ˣھȻѾˣ˻Ǿһġ
˵Ҫģȴ
קȭͷһ֮ǰ˵Ļûб£ͲҪȥȱˣ˻˵ĻǷƨһ֮⣬ûʲôá
ô죬ڵĻѾ˺ˡǧʱҲЩˣ˵ڳûʲô
ܲɡҿǧ˵
롣ǧԲǺܺá
ʱСȻ˵зˮ̣Ӧǿ߳ȥġ
Ŷˣôˣ㻹ˮǧһ£ȻȻƽʱûʲôãʱȴ𵽼á
ʱֱӳ𰡣Сɻ
룬ǿ˵УҵȥѻƴһȻһģ϶ҪŻƴһߣܰ⡣
̫Σˣ˵õİ취ֱӳǧ˵ҲӦģҲͬһȥðգ˵ΪһðûҪ
С죬Ҫ˵ʲôȴֱֹ˵а취ܹҵƴ𣿡
ܣڵĵطΣաǧ˵
ʲôطĶǧѯʵ
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144 
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˵ˣ⸶ǮҿɲỹˣѾʵģҰѰû㿪һ˫˷һ󴲷㿪һҲֻסһ䣬ôûðɡǸǰ̨ЩĿ˵Ȼ㻹Ǯˣթ
ʱѾȥˣұӵɻڿɳϣʼ˼췢
ǧôͺȻˣֻ˵ǴûгֹһжҵĻþ
ⲻܰɡ
ܿҾⲢǲܣ֮ǰ׳Ǹʱ򣬲ͳһٴ
Ҳ˵һҵĻþ
ʵǲûг׳ǣ׳ǵЩҵĻþֻһЩණǵĿľҴ׳ƭƭ³ľ
ҺȻоԼĺһͣΪҷһ⣬ǾǸ׳֮ǰСģǸɷˣ
һУǻþ׳ǲƭȻҶǵΣĵɷ˸Ūߡ
ʵϣͷβڱ˿׳ǵ³ľ룬ٵξأֻһˡ
ұˣ
ҺȻоԼһƬͨһкҲ֪ԼԵôһʱ򣬸ղŻһƣǰ̨ȻЦ
̧ͷĶңرֺͿնͺһ˿һ
ЦڱݵĿ治ͣǻţҹ


150 ī
أһһǰ̨ǰ̨ȴʲôû˵ֻǶҿ񿴵һӦ
ʱ򣬴¥һˣһߴӺڰ߳һ߶ҿ˵ΣղҷŸ
һ£׳
Щĺ˼ȻӺڰ߳˾׳֣һһš
ǰ̨ЦʱҲӼǹֵЦҵĻ궼ųˡ
Σôˣ׳һţһ߶ҿ˵
ȴȥץסԼѪУĶ׳㵽˭
˭׳ָָԼһĪȻЩԳЦЦ˵˭Ҿ׳
һĿ׳ֺ˼ҲŲǰ׳ΪҸղù׳ţ׳ķ濪ųˣͲҸղţǰ̨Ҳ˵ˣһ˹ġ
Ҳǰ׳Ǽٵģ֮ǰƭҵɷˣôڣʲô
ֵӣ׳ҲΣʲôأˡ
ݵĻͦáҳһ£ͰѪа˳Ķ׳˵ѾǵļƻˣٹҿɾҪŶ
׳һ£Σ㵽񾭲𣿡
ȴЦҪͼӽңӶﵽƭҵĿģȻ֪ƭҵĿڣҲԲóѡ
ʱǰ̨ĹֵЦҲȻֹûҷӦ׳ֱĿסҵ壬һӰҸ˵ϣҪӵ
ȴ׳İסһߣȻܰҸڵ϶ãҸȷ׳Ǽٵˡ
ʱһʦ֣զˡ
СӷˣҾҪң١׳һ䡣
ϵȴ˿ûнͣİҰڵ϶ãվվ
ǧܱþסˡ
ãûҷӦֱӱһֵڲϣֱ˫һڣȥˡ
ٴʱ򣬱廨Լķֻǧ׳ˣ˶Ķңѹʲôľٶ
ʱҲʶЩԾܿ죬ľɷСֱӳ˹һſҵԴϣ˵磬ôˣ
һ£ô£ĻǼٵģ
ʲôļٵģ˵һأզһҪˡ
ǲǼٵ𣿡Ҹɻˣֻһ˴׳ǵ³ľ룬һķ
лˣľ˵һ¡ǧ侲Ŀ˵
ֲԾĸоҲӵǿǰЩˣǼٵİôô棬Ǽٵģ뺦ңͿԳŸղŰҴεʱˣԥһ£ǰϷ˵һ¡
˵ǵɫҲЩ̫ÿʱ׳˵ˣѾ⵽ôһˣҰ°һɱȻˡ
ֲɵûĵ׳һۣʱҲѾʶԾŲܻ᷸ɵ
õȷֿ϶Ҳһӱ׳ҽ˰󣬽ſ˵ûв´ĻӦһֽīĵˣ⻨ζ˲þЩþԼϣ飬ӶһЩľٶ
һ£׳ôһ˵ҲЩ׹׳ǵĵһֱڶҸоЩƻãϾⶼѾѩ̿ˣȫҸվöӶˣͷվеˣ˹ӡ
֮ǲ̫š
ǸŮεĿĵأ߹Źģܸо߹Ź֮кΣգĶЩ˿־壬ԲŻֻþ
һ뵽⣬ҾЩˣŪīʲôҪʲô
׳Ц㻹ð㵱ʱҪɵʲô
׳ôһ˵Ҳ׹ˣҳȥ
û׳һָ㻹ɵ
ʱǧȻ˵īⶫζܴ̫õģҪ˸ŪþҪ˴棬û´Ļⷿ϶йīⶫ
ǧ䣬׳ʹ˾ڷѲܿ죬ҵĴ·һ䱻ֽסе֣ϺɫĻѾЩήˣȴһųϸݵ죬ͺСķʱſһģһ
ǹīҲ֪ǲʱеˣīѾûһζˡ
ûɰīܹ񣬵ô֪ξסⷿģǧüͷһ䡣
ܿ죬˶һȻĶһۣȻͬĿ˵ڼ飡
п֮ǰǿǸǰ̨Ǹ˰ŵģͿ԰ǵסĸ䣬Źīķ档ǧ˵
Ǹǰ̨üͷ
׳Ҳ˵Ҹղȥʱ򣬲ûпʲôǰ̨
һҪҵˣĿǰץ֮һǧ˵
һȺæ¥ȥʱѾЩˣܵ¥µʱǰ̨ǿŵģǰ̨˰죬ҵǸǰ̨Ϣˡ
ʵҲҵϢҵϰĵ绰ֱӵ绰˹ȥ˵ԼǮǰ̨͵ˣҪôϰǰ̨ĵַҪôҾͱ
ϰ屻ôһ˵ֱӰǰ̨ĵַңһȺ˳ŵַ˹ȥߵſڣǧסǣüͷ˵ǿˡ


151 ʯ
ôˣҲоЩԾ
ǧ˵ѡһǽȥʲôȻʬ𼣣ڶŤͷߣʲôûȻҪǣˡ
˼ǣǰ̨Ѿˣѯʵ
ûʱɳһֻӣͣǧָϣǧѳſ˵Ĳˣԣɡ
Ҳ²⣬ʱ׳˵ˣǽȥʲô˿ɣʬ𼣻Ǻðģ置ֶʬ𣿾ûҲвٹƳʬġ
ǣĻǾǻ˱˵ʬ壬ǲǶԱ˲̫𾴰Щԥ
ɵҪģ˵ˣҪŪˣԥŻٱʬ壿𶺣ǰô˰ûĿ˵
˵еûҲʣȻʲô˶ѾˣȻԲ壡׳Ҳ˵
룬˵ȷʵеҲЩǴʲôʱʼô֮ˣǰȻĻǱȽģҲûô԰
ҵԣǰʹһȥȺܣõҲñѵʱҲûоʲô
ôԼͺʥһˣ
Ǵʲôʱʼ˵أ
룬˵ͷ˵ȥɡ
ãǧ˵ͷһȺҲһ˽ȥ
ҵǸǰ̨ڵķǧ˵׼ЩĿ
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ﻹʲôǰ̨ʬ壬һʬ
Щʬ屻õгһƬƬǾȵƬЩƬڵϣڳһֵ֣м䣬ǰ̨ԴǶ۾ûϣ˫͵ͺǶһ
ŵúһǰ̵һĻŵˡ
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һһǮһǮӦӣֳУһССıǰ̨ôԼķֽⱩ¶һ
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֪һǵ鶼̫á
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áǧֱӷҵ뷨˵ԷӦѾ鵽ǵ٣ٻȥܾҪ䵽ԷȥˣȻԸһЩ˿ҵǸĻùģǲú£СĵͿˣ򲻹ģҵҲԵҲûʲôãûҪȥ顣
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˵ģ̌ͷǣ˵Ӫ̹ųǶҵһЩ߹Źǰŷ̫񰢿ɵģÿһεľһ̫񰢿תԳƵģһֱ˶ĩ꣬߹ŹȴȻʧˣ˵ǻһŮ˵ġ
֪ΪʲôһŮʱҺȻǸŮˣǸŮˣҲ֪ҵĻþԲǸŮˡ
ҲͰѹǧ˵Ϊʲôأ
߹Źϵͳ棬̫޿֣ÿһӣҲ߹󣬶ԳΪ޿ֵģ߹Źʧһڼ޸֮һΣε̫Ҫ߹Ź߹Źǳ䵱֪ĽɫԵδȥˣɱ󣬰Ϣ󣬾ȫ֮ΪԼһʯף˵Ǹ̫ĵˣֻر׼ʯףֻҪʯףѽٵʱǿʯڣܹ֡Ӵ֮ȴûټˣƺıأǿİʯʧϣȻͬʱʧģǷ߹Źǧң˵ҵĲûĻǿڰʯףӦþεĿ꣬ۻס


152 ɳĮĺɫײ
ۻףһҲЩĻֻͣҪõۻףҾͿԸСˡ
Ҳ뿪ξˣֱȥӪ̹ųǰɣȻҵѾǸ߹ŹԶˡǧ˶٣˵
ҵ˵ͷ˵ȷʵٴξҲûʲôӪ̹ųҵʲô
׳ʹҲ뷨ȷ˺󣬳ֱӳӪ̹ųǿȥ
ڳϣǧҲǽӪ̹ųǵϢӪ̹ųΧƽ̹³ɽɴɳĮŵۣľɫȣ˿֮·һĹųǣʷѧҳΪڶ¥ǴӪ̹ųǲٹˣҲҪСʱ
˹ĺն˿Ӣ˹̹ھ˺ľȥ¬ľԼֺ赵ľԼǮҵ
198910£Ĺھ˴
19929йزѳľߡձë졢ë֯ɫëձչ𾪡
1995ھ˲ʹ׵ȼֵǵĹһעĿ
һ߹ŹϢ1995ǴڳĹģǧĻĲôϢҵһͲȷǲǴڹŹϢ
֮ǰ³ľ뵽ξص·һ㣬ξصӪ̹ųһ·ѾԸоɳĮĹ׳ۡ
Ӫ̹ųǵʱǧó˼ڿֵɴ˵ǲԵһɳĻͰϡ
Ǿͽ˳ǣܿҵǧˣǰˣ˵һڲ̫ͨаķ˵ǳ˼ֵԭǵնÿΣյʱܻΪġ
ǧͰķһķ˵ǼҪȥ߹Ź𣿡
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ķ룬ǧȻһҲ˵ͷҿԴȥߣҪǵģɳĮ֮񣬿ɲô򵥾ͿԽġ
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ķűȥŪնˣķնһʮͷգңǧķ׳ռͷˣˮһЩʳռȥͷգʣͷͷ֧䡣
ȷһȺҲӪ̹ųһ£ϾҪ;ˣҹûʮµĸӦһΰȵҹˡ
Ϊ֮ǰùīҵ׳ʹ˯һ䣬ȴûʲô鷢ȴһֵΡ
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ҹӦþǵĿĵؾۻ׵ڵأӦþƵġҡ˵ģŵĵͳǣ
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벻ͨǣڵ汻תֻصľۻףȴ߹ŹΪʱֺİʯס
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ҲǱȽⶫģķôϣҲһ˰ݡ
ٴպǾֱһ·ˣһ·ϣң󣬻׳˶Щȵġ
ϾǶûмɳĮһﶼоЩʺͺ棬ŰķһɳĮĶ
ȵ̫ĿĵʺͺҲĥĲӡ
ϾΧǸڣɳĮȥҲɶͶûУҲˡ
ΪձϣҸоԼƨɶҪˣʱҪһ·õ׳ʹĿ϶ϾƨȷʵѾܲôݲˡ
ķҲûܾǵҪСĵ㣬ɳˣҲͷٶȣ̵ĳǰˡ
һۼ׳Ȼ˵ǰʲô
˳׳˹ȥȷǰɳϣһɫĳκӣǻжξ룬׳ֻ治׿
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һײģйʽĹײģľףͿһɫᣬɳĮԵرۡ
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ǸȥǺɫײģͱķסˣķǣ˵ĳͷǲܹȥ


153 Σҵܾ
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ʱ򣬰ķѾ׳Ѿ򿪹ײˣĴǻ⵽ɳĮ֮ıġ
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ʱ׳Ҳȥһ֣һһٵĿ˵Σңȣ㣬ܾˡ


154 ڻϵ͵ʿ
׳˵˵žסˣÿ˶㵵ĿңǱͺèͷӥƵãҲЩȻҶһֵҲͬ𾪣һʼ磬˵ңҲ֪ô¡
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ʹûкһȥ壬ԶȻֵĶҲ벻ףǧ֪һЩľݣҲ׵鵽ʲôҿʱϲû̫𾪣УȴҲû׳ʹôԡ
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ķҲע⵽ǶĽ䱸ø߶߶ޱ޼ʵɳͺһͷ޴ޣǲ޾ĽͲ
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һһͷˮʱ򣬺ȻһִֻҵļϣתͷȥÿһЦݵİķ


156 Ůʥ
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157 
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ŮʥЦҹҲøӵĹϬ˫ѪɫĶǣҸղŲ嶡ֱӱƵˡ
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˵꣬ƴɶ׳ʹ˲֪˵ʲô˾ͺǱƵãֱ̱ڵϡ
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ҴĿĻƤ飬һС칦飬һûȥѾоԼǵõĵͳʼҵĲš
ҰǿԼ·ܿͿԼؿڸֳһӡǰǴûзġ
ԴӵõŵͳһֱûоͳʲôãҲûʲôָʾⱾС칦ֺڷֵı仯
С칦һĹҿǱС칦ҲЩԥպ˵ģ׼ýһУǾʹⱾС칦ҪԶûѡ
ǲǾܻصͨˣ
ĳһ˲䣬ҵĿʼЩҵܿ죬һδ֪ȴֽҸ˻
Ҳң˭
Ҿʲôת
ⱾС칦ҾͿ֪ĻһҪһ
һ뵽һڻſȥ׳ʹ֮ж˵
ҰǡС칦ŽԼĻȥ
Ȼص֮ǰۼĵطʱ˴׳ǧҲˣǶ鿴׳ʹЩ衣
εȷǱˣ·ȫûκͷؼǣûаķǸͲ֪ôָЩաǧЩɥĿ˵
ô죿ҿɻ
ȳһܲܰԭ·ȥɣϾ׳ʹôصˣټǰҪ¡ǧ˵
ãһٿնӣһʱ䣬׳ʹٺһ󣬾ͳǰ߹ŹʱƴɵȻ


159 ޿ֵԹ
ƴɣǧŻƴɣüͷƺ˼ʲô
ǧʱ򣬻ƴЦ˵Ѿ˽⵽һЩˣҲʲôö
˴˱˴ˡǧЦЦûй˵ʲô
һͷˮڴʲôգʲôʲôö
ԼԼҲоʲôﲻ̫ȷˡ
ƴɺǧƺҲûбܻ˼ǧ˶٣˵ֻõѡܺ˵ĳԣҲûʲô
Ҳԡƴɱ۾ûȻѾǣˣǾҲȥˣΪĿԽУõԼҪõĶȻͿ𣿡
ƴ⻰˵ĺԣҲ׹ʲô˼ˣǧҲЩԾǧĵУǣܿʲôһֱѡһֻ۱һֻۣʧ١
ĿӦþǽõԼҪõĶǹ
Ҳȥˣ֪ô࣬ǲģһҪԣҲǣҵ档ǧ˵
ˣϴξҪˣǣһȫһεмȻѾǸǣˣǿһ٣ֿһ컯ƴɿ˵
ǧ˼˺һЦðɣҳ˵ңҲʲôˡ
ҲҪʲôˣκζҲܿ塣ƴ˵ֱ꣬ӱ۾ڵϡ
ǧһҧ̾˿Ҳ֪˵ʲôǼͷȥ
ȥѰʳˣڵĲֻ֧ʮ죬ȥ·Ϻпǻǧ˵
ҵ˵ͷЩᡣ
ĺˣȻģȴҲҪ㣬ֻǲԼǣ棬ϾһкܶҪǣԺܾʧȥˡǧ˵
龿ʲôҿѯʵ
ǧ˵ؿڲŵǶ꣬Ϳӵ֪һȨˣ֪̫磬Ầġ
⡭ȥԼؿڣǱС칦ҲһҲ˵ⱾС칦ǿһжԿס
ֻҪⶫҲ˵ЩҸһͷˮĶһһҵǰ
Ҳ˵ˣֻҪҿⶫǾûѡˣֻܼ켣ȥ
ҪͨӵĻõѡյǰⱾС칦
ȴյ֪Ϊʲôܸоյⶫһһӵġ
룬óⱾ飬ʼ˵һҳ
С칦˵һؼ˵ǽôģ֮οС죬Ȼٿٴ졣
ҿһҲӵˮƴҲһۣ˵СҪ˰㣬֮͵ÿԼˣӦü򵥣ϾڻŵĵͳֻҪͨС죬γѭͻ᲻ϵĳ졣
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˵Ҳˡ
ʹܱ𣿼ֱ˺֮Ĳ
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ãȻ֪ڲǷϻʱͰ·ˡ
Ұ·ѵ󣬻ƴɾ;վҵָ࣬ɽýָҵζΡ
һҾ͸оԼڵѪٶڼӿ죬ҶѪˢȻƴɾͿ˵ֻҪȫɣ´עҵƾͿˡȻҪסѨλλá
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µеϵٻᡢ׵šβѡŸѨλס𣿡
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ȷҼ֮󣬻ƴֿʼ˵Žβ̲λ򿪡۵ҵָѭУעԼĸо
˵껰ҲҾûзӦƴֱ͹ҵβƣѭС
ڰٻᴦֻ͹ѭҵµ
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ڻƴָ뿪ҵҸоԼǱһ㣬ͷʼðĺ顣
˺һоԼĹͷ˺ܶ࣬ǿҪһ
ƴʱҲЦСһ㣬Աýһ㣬ԺǸ嶡ǲҪʲôˡ
ôµĸ˰Ҳûɶֻ˵㣬Ȼô룬һǸоԼЩ仯ġ
ٸоǰҪͷͨࡣ
ĥʲô仯ʱ򣬺ȻһɸζһǼ
Ů
ȻҸշӦȴĿ˵޿֣˵ˣۻ׵ĴҲǺҲ֤֮ᷢʲôΪλҪ


160 بŵĺ
˵仰Ҿˣʲô޿֣⻰˵
޿֣ǸŮ޿֣
ܿ죬Ҿˣ֮ǰǧ˵ģ߹ŹĹ̫ԳƵģƺǸν񣬾޿֣
˵仰ǧͻƴ˶һ㵵ĿңȴҲȫ𾪣ǴֵȻĸо
ƺһ˵仰ġ
Ҳܣ߹ģȻҪŮ洫˹޾Թ
ŮҸоԼԴһ£ʲôҵԴ
ܸоԼļʲôתһ룬ȴʲôûץ·ղŵָоһִƵá
ܿ죬ΧտʼЩʲôҪһʱǧȻ˵ѾҪ˵ˣôԩ겻ɢΪΪΪ𣿡
䣬ǧֱſͣһֻ˶ĳӣӳúСѧʱȻʱͷϱࡣ
ϹƣıϹ֮ǰѾѪʬٵ𣿡ƴһ㵵Ŀ˵
Ȼֻһ˭˵һֻһͷϹƵģǧͷͷԵķ˶ӷԼģȻ֪˵ʲôͷװֵķ˶ϱȻһӱڵģȻһڹֱӳ⡣
ܿ죬ʹһޱԹ޵ĲҽΧǹɭϢҲøӵŨɭϢٽ˲䣬ǵɳȥĺڹһַ˻ԭֻһָͷСĽϣʱȻѾúһȭͷСˡ
ǧϵĽϾȻԻĴһãΧϢҲʼɢ
ƺǸŮûгֹһ
̧ԴҲ֪ǧ˵ʲôȻǧ̾һ˵ǸŮܵˣǷŻɽҲ֪߹Źʲô飬ӦǺйصģ
˵ǧֱĿҡ
Ҳһ׹ˣ֮ǰĶԻ֮ǰξĻþǧѾȷˣ֮ǰξأҵȷǱ˸ˣҲֻǻþ
ȴڻþҴûмŮҲ޿֡
ǻþ֪֮Իڻþ޿֣ҲֻһԽ͵ͨ
Ǿҵļ޿֣
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֮ǰĶԻҲֻһԽ͵ͨǾǣ֮ǰڱڻ濴Ǹźɫʯĵʿпܾҵǰ
һ뵽⣬ҲɵһĻǾͽ͵ͨˣΪʲôǸΡҪ޲ѰҾۻף϶ҵǰʲô
һ飬ûףǾǣǸʿҵǰĻǲطǸΡʲô
ǺҳһҺ񻹶վҶģѵҲǸźɫʯĵʿת
ҲһڲͬʱתûôӰ
ܸоʲô벻ͨģ󲿷ѾԼͨˣûв´ĻӦúƲࡣ
Ѱٳһܷĺľǹơ
ѵҲͬˣ
Ļ֮ǰ鶼ͨˣܸоʲôطԾ
иؼһû׹
ĿǰյǸؼ㣬ֿʼҳһˡ
ǧͻƴ˿һ˼ӣҲûдңֱҴ˼лЦ
ҿһˣ֪ǿ϶֪ʲôǲҡ
ȻǲңΪҺãﻹǸоǺˬ
ˡƴɼѾû˼ˣȻͿ˵Ѿ㿪С죬ʮ죬ʮȡˣȥѰҾۻ׵ʱ򣬾һľˡ
ʲôҿѯʵ
ͷһġƴɿңĿ˵̰ãһоͿˡ
ʱҲЩ棬νĵ޵ʲôͶԻƴɿ˵֮ǰ˵ģƺּܺ˵²
ûʲôɻ䣬Ҹµ˵һ°ѣӵ͵ߣֱС죬ڵΪȻ죬ǴΪȻҲ׳ʦǵǸΪѾȵ֮Ϳ̤һ׶ΣǾǶ֮ǰɽǿЩʦүܰԼڴģǶĸ֣ⶥǾ궥ͿԿϴʼնʬˡնʬն¡ƴ˵˵ţͱǧˡ
ͲҪ˵ˡǧŻƴɣ˵
ƴҲʶԼ˵ĶˣЦЦ˵ˣ֪ôͿˣȥٴɣҺǧ취СӺǸӸָ
ҵ˵ͷ˵İ취ʼȭͷඥ񣬱۾ʼͨ
ҸոоǴС칦ϵǹʱ͸оԼԴһ£һ·بŵҵԴ
Ȼѡ·
һ£ŷԼһƬڰ֮Уҿޱ޼ʵĺڰ˵˭
ңǲɣͭӵ˵㣬ȴֲ㡣
ʲô˼ұ˵ŪЩˣܿҾʶƺǼ򵥵һ߼⣬Ͼ֮ǰ˵ǣһУͿԴǴС칦ڣӦǴ򿪺Ȼ
ҵۻף֪ʲô˼ˣֻϣ㵽ʱ򲻻ҡ
ԽԽԽԽʧ


161 ƹض
ʧҾ͸оԼ忪ʼԽԽȣǹСӵʼϿٴĹ켣ͣĴȥ
˺һǸоɢȥһ۾ÿƴһȵĿҡ
Ҹ뿪ѯʣƴɾͿ˵òʮȥ׼ˣɣһСӺǸ̵ʱѹ⣬Сٽһ취ͷȥѰҾۻ׵ʱܻõ취Լ
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СҲ˵ҲСʱҵʵͿ𣿡һЩ
ҿۿ侭ãʱֱӲǸָҪ֪˵ƷȻôʵ϶еģȻôܵɽĴϣܶ׳ʦλӲ֮ġ
һԼ侭ȻֻСģҲޱȵļ
ƴЩԳЦЦһ侭ˣû뵽Ҳ治֪ôǸǻ
ôֳˣһɻӣƴæ˵Сħ÷Ҳ򵥣֮ǰ嶡÷һģӡҪһ¡
ҵ˵ͷȻƴɼ˵ϴʱõȻǰĲýӡ
͵֮ǰƴɵһŵѧŹУҲɵùһ˿ȡ
ƴɾͿʼʾӡĽᷨʵеӡᷨǴͬСģƴɽ̵СħӡȻСҵ嶡ӡҪһ㣬ѾлңֻǸŻƴɽΣѾЩ
֮ǰľҲ֪ӡⶫһź˷ʱĶֻǲסӡĽᷨ󣬾ʹͷʱˣȥᣬҿŻƴɣ˵ˣһֱиɻ֮ǰ壬һ˵ʱ򣬵ʲôΪʲôǸµľֻС󷴶ֻҡ
ƴԥһ£ǿ˵ʵҲûʲô޷Ǿ͵ǻµİ취鲻˵Ҳա
Ҽƴɲ̫˵ҲûʣԼ˽档
ΡƴɺȻתͷһۣһ䡣
ţҿ˵
ƴһЩһҪ̹ס
˵ɡҿƴɵӣʲô֮Ϳ˵
ʵǴΣǹ˦ģʱҶʵûʲôøУҲ̸ʲôΣ֮Ժһȥ壬һѰҽҪұߵһ˿ǣڶ˫ʥ壬ɷˣڵһν˫ʥ󣬷ɷ˺Ҿ֮ļƻƴһ˵
أҲûΪƴɵĻʲôݣ˵
ƴɿɬЦЦڣҿǰ㵱˰ɣΪѾ̤УҲ߲ȥˣǣ㲻Լ˫ʥң˵ʵûôҵİΣʱѾȷˣСӿԵһиֵܡ
šҵ˵ͷ͵ͷĥ֮ǰƴɽҵСħӡ
㲻һŲӣƴЩ㵵Ŀɻ
ҿƴɣΪʲôҪ
֮ǰѾ㣬һİΣһ˶㲻ƴɿɻ
Ц˵ҺαҪڲǻĺúõû⣬һһиѣⲻӦøо𣿡
ƴɿңһ㶣Ц֣̫ˣȻЩɵĵ뷨ȴһѵĸо˼
죬˵˴˱˴ˣҲû˱ˣ̹׵İ
˶һֿۣʼЦһЦĸо
֮ƴɳȥǧһָ׳ʹˡ
ǲͣо֮ǰƴɽҵӡҪó侭ҪȰСħӡѧС
ļ죬Ӷôȥģò˵ǧȷǺã⼸ǳԵĶҵģԭĲûж
ʣĲ໹֧ǰң㹻ģ׳ʹҲڻƴɺǧЭ֮£ʼָ
ûѾѹˣʱ׳ߣ档
⼸Ҳһ£ǾǼʹҲȥУһɱ޳Ҳ᲻ͣİտٴٶȲͣĿţҲɴֱӲʼһһоСħӡ׳Ǻùĵ硣
оСħӡأ͸оԼһ𣬸оԼޱȻȹ̣˵ԭͬСһھߵٶǱܵٶȣһ˲ǿٶȸоѾǿˡ
ѪҺĳˢžǹ̵ĸо̲סХҵĳХҲڳ˵ע⡣
ÿ˶ĶңǴһĿңȻЩɥĿ˵û䵱ɽʱ𶥣ˣˮɽĴУ˲ſ˴죬СӲż죿ͰѴͨˣ
ҿţҪǺһٶȣǺ֣ܶЦ۾һʵĴ󣬿˵


162 ֮
ӡôˣƴʱҲ˵
ЦЦ֮ǰϸоһ㣬ڿ˴ӦÿԸöˡ
˵ֱӽ嶡Ѿٴҽ嶡ʱҲҪʲôƷˣֱӾͺѾľóˡ
ͼһСħӡȻ֮ǰЩɬӡʱѾоɵľóˡ
ҳɹĽСħӡƴһ˵ˣھͳǰ߹Źַ
ʱǧҲ˵ȷʵǿԳˣﵢ˲ʱ䣬ٵȥ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱܵ߹Źˡ
ҵ˵ͷȷˣǽɳĮѾˣٲȥ߹Ź˵ǣʲô
һ¾Ǵһϣȵϵʱ򣬾ͳǰ߹ŹѰҾۻס
Ȼ˶û뵽Ҳͣһϣ鷢˱ʡ
ûϰСħӡһѾϰĲˣǽҪǰ߹Źˣ
˯ʮһʱұһЦˣʱ򣬷׳ǧͻƴɶѾѹˣ͸¹⣬ĳÿ˵϶һ˿裬ȻЦҲˡ
ʲôǣ˵
Ůƴɿ˵Ůʥ̸ʲôףȻֶǷ𹥻ˡ
ŮŮʥһôϵһˣ
ǵԹйصģҲʲô£ЩණҲԼǻۺͽʽȻǵĿĶǣǺҲûʲôֵġǧ˵
ǧ˵꣬׳ֱվ˵أֱȥɷǾͿˣʡǽķ
Ȼ׳˵Щ³çҲӣò˵İ취õģϾ֮ǰĽ֣ŮʥǻƴɵĶ֣ŮǧǱϹƵĶ֣ʹǺˣҲǵĶ֡
ҿ˵˵е
иĵƴɰһۣ˵ΪǵĶŮṩ޾ʥŮʥ̲ѪŮʥɷ˵϶ȿ϶ߣʹңһùôʥѪɷˣŮʥԹȥ̲Ů˵֮ǰŮһͷĻôڵŮֱѾˮ׼ˣԽϹƵ㣬ưԼը˶ܶŮһ˺
ƴôһ˵ҲЩˣż첻ΪɶЩͱôˣô˵ŮʥŮϵһǴǷַɱ
һ뵽⣬ҲЩûˡ
ղŻһģ׳ƴɵĻҲĬˣȻ죬Ҫȥ
ֳһӿʼЩǴոŪģ˴֣˵Ӧô죿
ô죿ƴɴӰóһѷֽ˵طֻҪϣǻһǸŶ룬ôҾͿֱ˵ˣˣһȥ
Ҽƴ˵أҲֻ֣ЩڵϣŻƴѸٵڷֽ
ǧҲûа׿ţҲ֪ôģϵɳӾͺǱһʼķɳһֻһֻЫӣȻǧԼĿڴóһ٣ʼ
ĿڷĴεţЩЫӺǧ˼һȻĳӿȥ
׳һʼĴ㵺Ҳȥѯ˻ƴôŪҲʼŻƴһЩ
ֻҺʹ˾͸ɵһƴæȴһҲﲻæ
ЩɬĿһۣ˵ôоôƿģ
ҲɬЦЦʲôƿĺðɡ
ҡҡͷ˵ǰһֱûɶȸУܸоⶫԵͺãһҲҪʹʦһ̳ɽĴҲ㣬ܸоԼѧĶֻҪҺŪŪˣŪǮͿˣڿǶԼĿ꣬Ͳ˵ˣ˵ʲôתʦֵĿҲҪ෴ķȥնʬȥնִҪ˳ԼıġֻңججĹӡ
Ŵ˵ģҲ̫ܣʵҲ࣬ûʲôĿ֮꣬ƴУȫΪ˾߲ȥˣжеĺ棬Ҫ˽⵽ôһ£ʵұȴҲòȥ
ʹôһۣҲԼ̫ĲˣɻæµĻƴɣ׳ǧҿɬЦЦʱڱȻȥ֮ǰǺڰֻҪԼǾͳ԰ʲôġ
ҲԣˡЦ
ʱƴɺ׳ѾǽڶˣܾһޱȼǼǼʱΧԭͱĿøӵ
æӡó嶡Ÿо˲١
Ҳ֪ʲôֽţҲֱð
Ǽ˲䣬ŮʥЦҲЦдŵǿɷֱ֮ƿҵ嶡һ͸ĺֱӻҵϡ
Ҵãٳʲôأһν嶡˳
ʱ򣬻ƴɺȻ˵ãȻһƬɳĮвȫۼһ飬ǲǵķأСӣϽѷã׼ȣ
ã׳һѶͷϵ亹˵
ʱҲע⵽ˣ֪ʲôʱʼ⾹ȻվˣһɫɷףĿͣͣĳ


163 Ǯ
ЩװһдŹ˷װģҲдƾɽž·ģдģÿ˵Ҳͬͬһľǣǵ϶ܲżǿ
ǹӿԽ֮ǰŮʥŮһҪʵˣϸս嶡ֱӱЩ˵Թˡ
ҲŪ嶡ˣЩԹʱҲ̫˺˷ȥԼ׳ʲô
ܿ죬ƴɾʹԼİóһֽǮҿ˵ΣʹЩ갲ҪټײµĽ磬Һ׳Ҫ׼ˡ
ȣʵʱһӾ˺УڵӵӰ治ֻквܳȵ
ϸ룬ǴӡȴģӡȱЩҲûôͨ󣬲ȻΪɶ̣ȥʲôʲӵӡȽ̴̣ʱ򣬺ǵĵںϣһַ̡
Ե˻ᳬƺҲʲôֵ顣
ȻҸоֵһǣƴԳƵս̵ķӣȴõһֵĵҲ֪Ƿˣǵˡ
ҽӹƴɵݹֽǮһȻʼһŵ˵Ҳ֣ղŻͣҪ˹ֽ꣬ǮҲʼܿľʵҲӿһ˿
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ʱֽǮѾҪˣЩ»Ұһ࣬ҵĶͷҲɵһ˿亹
룬ֽǮûˣǮ֪ûãæԼֽǮ˴ȥ淭Ҽǵ޲ʱڰʮǮҵֽ
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164 İ취
ȻǮǷģҾôֵǮȷһܼӵζ棬ʱܵô࣬˵ǮˣʱҵëܾҶԺԥİѻëյһɶ
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ҿһǧͼҪʲô취ܹǧɬЦЦ˵Ҳûа취ˣղŻƴҲ˵ˣ˲óԸЩְģܹ˵ЩĹƳ涼ųˡ
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ƴһ㶣һԼԴ˵զɽŵ
ֿЦЦǮһһ˵ǣϣֽɱȺ»ҰҸˡ
ҽӹǮЦſ˵İɣһİ壬Ǯ飬ҿ϶ޱóġ
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ҿʼǮʱ򣬴Ҳһӡʼǲ·ҵ˲һҲģͰ࣬ңֱӡͨһµͳֱӾȥˡ
ʵϴɽ֮кҲȷе˻ƴľ岽裬ϾұһϤһЩôУĲ裬ԽϸԽãΪϸˣԼľܸרעĹҲԼ϶һҲĹ֪Լĵϣиѡٵ뵽õĹ
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Ҳֲ̫˵ɣôãδ֮ˣƴɵһȻָŵˡ
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ЩĵĿǰĴ󣬴˿̵Ĵ·ڴϸоһ˿Ϣ
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ԶһЩĹ»ҰʱҲҽҪȥһѪоȻֱӷɵ˴ϣѪе˴ðһɹѪ⣬ƺڿŴ
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һЩС鷳ҿ԰С鷳˵꣬ǹɶ˶٣˵Ǿ仰һлᣬһǻ
˵꣬ûһشɽĹֱҵ˲ڰ飬ǰֻصҹɳĮ
۾ԼѾҪߵĿֲһ


168 
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֪ҵʱ䲻࣬ջƴɵ˵ڵʵ˹ɣҲֻʮʱ䡣
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ǼʱˣʮʱڣͲܻɱͬڹɵĿֲڣҵļƻҲǻɱǣ
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ʱɿҵ壬ҵγѪУѪгϺ죬Ѫɫڿ
ŮʥŮȫˣܣǲܻ
ŮʥҲ⣬ãǵľˣǲûл֮ģֻҪʾСסǣȻɱǣ
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ʱŮʥ˵˵ֱתźȥŮҲԹ޵ĿһۣŮʥһķȥ
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ǸӣƴɲͣԹҶѾźˣΪʲôҪҡ
νİžըò׵õ壬ԸնҪõһꣿЦ˵˸ǣҲһֻǸ˿ҵҲֻһ˰ȥ㣬עаĲӥȻҲһԿ϶Ǿ͹ˣԼٲֻأԶ˯Ҳ޷ҵǿԽܲ𣿡
Ը漦ᣡƴĨһ۾ٺ˵ˣա
ʱҲָ˲׳ҲѾָˣҲͬˣɫ̫ÿע⵽ˣҲЦ
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169 ɽ
ɻ䣬Ҿ͸оԼǱʲôˣǹɭɭĸо͵ʱ˴ʱһģ
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ƴɵĻ䣬ҾͿŵͷȫϳأ£ʵǽӦô߹ŹжԶ
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˵ģҲˣŵתԼԼойء
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ҳˣȻ֮ǰսǧѪʬʱǸ棬ѵǾŵꣿ
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ڵǣȻʦүȴʦүʦү˵ĵĶ̧ͷֱĿң˵ʱʦүĳ֣Щ˵޷ܵģɽҪ˵ʥʦǻŵʦת


170 

Ļҵһͷʦʵ̫ڻˣҵԸ϶ġ
ϾɽΪŵܴڵİ
ϸ룬ȴҲܽܣͺĻʢֻˣڵЩ쵼ΪԼȨҲ϶ҪŪʢٵġ
ȻΪŴģⲢЩ쵼˻
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һ˵ԣ˼ǣұ˷ˣɽͻŹ𣿡
˵ͷ˵Ȼ˵˽ҲܻȷˡɽһȫҪɱ㣬϶Ƕ㲻ġ
֮ǰʧˣɽ̫ϳҲͳһʦĲ̫ץɽ˾ˡ˵ʱȭͷѾקסˡ
ҺȻЦȻҲԼǲŵ꣬ɽȴʵ̫޳һЩĴ˶ûа취ܡ
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ƴɵ˵ͷһţټǧĹƳ棬а˳ɼʰǸ
ǾͺãҲɫĵ˵ͷһԵ׳ΪʲôܹԥĹˣΪϴΣԼʦԼѡԼʦ֪֮ǰҳܵȻҲһЦˡ
׳ʱҲһƨ⻹۰סСүҿ϶Ҫǻɢģ
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һһָǺпΪϵҪվڶˣܽܵġ
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һ۾ޱȷţʱҪ۾ԿԿŮǾҲһ֣ޱȵ


171 ʮ޼
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սթ֮ͽһ֮صģŮʥ۾ԽԽ죬ԽԽ죬Ǻɫ潫ΧȾĺҹ
ŮʱҲӦһڣϳһǼѣǼΧţֻоԼĶĤҪǼˡ
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Ѿļˣҿ֮оͺƾճ˼ǰĳһڱ䣬ǹĿ亹ֱð
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172 ʯ
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ҿŻƴɺǧ˺ƣҲЦԴӻƴɻ󣬵ȷǺܾû˺ƹˣ֮ǰϺ׳֣ϴκ׳ֱ׳Ӻ˲٣ٺǰһëˣһôˣ˾Ȼû
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һˣԭǴֻŮʥĻɷСãȻѾˣôбֶΣû뵽ʮ޼ȻɷϵЩԹҲŪûˡƴЩǸĿҡ
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ϣǧùƳһ¾һͷͷϸСĹƳҵȥҲĵĲУΪԼ룬һӲסĵĸо
ЩƳҵıʱҲоϵʹ˲٣ȻŵӡɻǺǰһ޹⣬֮ǰ޳ǿͬСһҲûˣܹǿԺͨһˡ
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ǰ߹Ź·ϣƴɿ˵ʵҵ߹ŹǺ׵ģҵۻȴѵģ߹Ȼ󣬵ȴһвĲ֮ؿ϶ѡޱȵأҪҵǺѵģܲҵ߹Źż󣬰߹Źһɡ
ƴɵĻȻֱ˵һ©Ǿҵۻף߹ŹȻֻǸСô˵һҰڵҪҵǾۻ׵λãȻеѡ
һҵˣӦ̫ϡǧ˵ǺܺȺˣʲô֪͸óóȻĳˡ
ûǧ²ۣ˾ǴͷȻֱԸҾͿʵ̫ȣʲô
ҵĵ飬̫صĵʿģ˵ܹ̫ȿҵ߹ŹֻҪɽۻڣٰѾۻ׸Ƶܹõǧ˵
ЦԹĵѲȻֻǸ翵ĶЩȴɻ֮һƴӿȥ
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ҵ˵ͷǧȷӣûȫ׼͵飬ȥա
ǧóˣһȺæǧ˹ȥҪ浽ʲô
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ʲôҿűʯǿҪȥùĳ嶯˵
ǧ˵̫ϵ̫ʯ֮ǰһֲʹ׵Ķһ˽صģҷ˺ô󹦷򣬲ֵģϧֵʱ򣬱ʯѾֿˡ
иãƴûİǧһۡ
ǧЦ˵Ȼãⱦʯҵȵټ
ôңȲĿ˵ƴɣ׳Ҳסǧ
ǧӺǿ챦ʯ˳ǿ˵챦ʯһöʯ㣬ǿû
ϸſȻ챦ʯһöҵʯͷ㣬֮ǰûȻ⾧Ө͸һ覴ã⿴ȴƯˡ
ʯһȽ֣Ǿ¹ȥʯͷͻתڵķ֮ǰǸųżʯ̽ȣƬɳĮ棬Ҿ߹Źķ򡣡ǧ˵
Ҳ˵챦ʯʯ㣬ͿҵڣӶռ̫𣿡ƴһЩĿ˵


173 
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ƴɵ˵ͷЩԹǣȽȥԣܲҵȣҲ˹ˣֻϲܹ̽鷽ѵԺҪϸ·ϲ鷽򣬰ߣ֪᲻߹ͷ˰
Ѿܲˣܱ߹Źһ̽ȥѰҾۻҪ׵Ķˡǧ˻ƴһۣ˵
ƴ룬˵ҲԣǷˣզһŪôأֱӰѾۻ׷ڻʹá
ˣԼҲǹˡǧ˻ƴһۡ
ǸҸˣƴҲǧһۣûĿ˵
ǧúͻƴɼ˵ˣֱƲͷȥûǡ
֮·ΪĿ꣬Ҳú׷ǰٶҲر죬ԭҪʱ䣬˲ĸСʱͿһеˡ
ǽһɳĮ֮ϵģͦ棬Ȼ߹ǽϵģ˵Ӧòôȫ˶Īأ
ƺǲҵɻˣƴɿ˵㻹ҵ֮µ𣿡
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ȻǣҲеʶˣ壬֮ǰ˵Ǹ˱塣ƴɺһˮ˵
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˼˵һڿˮŻƴɣ˵
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ҺȻʶʲô֮ǰǸŮôҵԭҲĪҲǱ׼ģ
һ㣬Һɻ˵մǸŮ˵ҺŵתֺصʿתŵصʿԲͬһ˰ŵĶڵˣ߹صʿǶĩ˰
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ҵ˵ͷ϶ǱȻģƽʱԳʱ̰ӣҲСģҲɰ
׻˵ɽ⻰˵һҲ٣ȻǿƬ޺ͳǹǻСʱߵǰ档
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ƴǺһ죬ʹǧıҲЩܲˣ̲ס˵˵ƴɣҵˣһ˵զϴأ
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Ȼ߹Ź棡ǧ˵ȥѰ𣿡
ȻȻ֮ǰû죬ʱƴɻǺܺĿ˵
һȺֱ˴Ϊ˵Եʣվмģվڵڶȫĺ棬ҸоͦΪġ
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ȥŪǸˣȡ׳ɱϵĿ˵׹⡣
ܶʱҶ׳طһȥˣ˶ôɳϣ죬Ҫǡ
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ȻϴǸųżʱսŮʥŮ˵ˣʱĻᡣ
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ӿڴóڽϴŹͼĺڽܿͳշ˹ȥɵǺ󣬲ûʲôӦ
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ƴʱҲ˵оѪһʥϢһѪеϢһ˵˾ϴδ˵Ǹ
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Ҳ̫Ϸһɣʱ׳ʹҲǸˣ󿪿˵ûȣǱ˸ˣǽӦô
ǧ˵̽һ˵λãúڽ·ܲҵˡ
ƴɵ˵ͷ˵ⲻʧΪһð취
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׷ǧ۾һʱҪõ̫ˣǧҲû֮ǰôϽˣϾ˭֪̫Ȼ᲻ʲô⣬ɹϵǸ֮أ
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һȺ˳Ǹ˹ȥһҲܹѪˣԽԽˣ
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ǧӻƴɵùȣְԼ̫ʯϣһϸ죬̫ʯͱͭϡ
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Сȥƿ˵ĶñҿǺ˵ģҲˡ
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ƴɿһţʮȻʲôȥһѽţʮ׵Ǽ۸
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ƴȴû˵ţʮŵ̾һԼɡ
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ƴ˵꣬Ҿ͸оԼĺһϸоʲôڶҿ


176 
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ԷôĵǾۻףŵͳйĳ̶ȡ
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ȻɵһеĿ꣬ǻǲܷģھһʼĳǻѡ˼ǰ
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ƴɵ˵ͷӺ󣬿˵ҲҪҸطҪôҵ㣿
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ǧ˵ͷ˵ˣʱҵʱֻҪҵͷιƣȻͿҵˡ
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ƴɵ˵ͷóŻֽͷСİסȻԼĶĿǧ㱣ˣ
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һƬɽˮأȻ濴Щɺļɽʯͷļɽͦ棬ô꣬ˮĻˮѾˣɽȻûб绯
ʯڵƬطͲˣǻʲôָɽ档
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177 
·Ҿʶںܿܺйأæڲ鿴ĻƴǸ˹һ˿·Ҳüͷʲô
ʱЩǧˣǧĻ϶а취ģҾĸ̼ܻûһǧء
׳̲סˣ˵ʲôģȥһͿˣ
˵ֱӹȥˣ汻εľƵˣһ˵ʯͷϺʲô档
æȥϿ濴ʲôȥһˣǳ·ôֵʲô˼
Ǵ뵽İ취СԼָϻһ£ѪĨһ£Ȼӿڴóһſհ׵Ļֽ
ѻֽʯͷһʱ򣬾ͿЩֵʲôˣֿ֮ǰںɫײֺ߹Ź֡
ǶĿת׳ϾҲֻ׳Ŷν߹Ź֣׳˰죬Ҳüͷ˵֮ʱͨڤĵ·򿪡
ʲô˼Щ㱵ǺϷ𣿡
֮ʱͨڤĵ·򿪣ƴҲüͷظһƺʲôҿȻװӣƨ
ҲˣȻͨģֻرңͨڤĵ·Ӧþָȥظ·ֹʲô飿
Ȼһ˵Һ֪ʲô˼ˣ
ʲô˼׳æѯʵ
󣬿ң˵ţһĿǿ˵
һۣɱˣ˦ʲôأ˵˵˵Ųүүһȭͷкȥˣ
㲻˵ţҾͲ˵Ұ˴һۣ˵
ҲҸû취ˣ˵У˼ţ
Ǻܼ򵥵һˣЩЦ˶ٿʼʱѾ˽߹Ź񣬾̫Ӧþָ̫֮ʱӦò˵ˣ̫ɽ
ôһᣬҲƴɿ˵ۻ⣬ǽʯף߹Ź̫Ķͨڤĵ·Ӧþǰʯ׵ĵطӦþǣ̫ɽʱͨʯףҲǾۻ׵·ͻˣ
Ĵһָ˵û
˿˵Ѿĵˣٵһ̫Ҫɽˣ
Ǿ͵ȵȰɡҵ˵ͷ˵
һȺҲһߺˮŶһ߿ʼĶƴɿ˵ӦѪʬһȥʱҪСһˣ׳㱣ôΡ
׳˵ͷ˵УνС̺񻹿ԣԲܳ£Ȼһȥʲô⣬ɾûȥˡ
Ҫʦ֣ҿ϶㣡׳һۣûƿڴ
׳ٺһЦ˵ʦְҲ򲻹ҡ
ɣһ䣬Ҳҳ֡
ȻǾ֮ȥļƻܿ죬ʱ俪ʼˣȵ̫ʼɽʱ˶̲ססǿʯͷҪ׻ʲô
ʱʧܿ죬Ǿͷ̫Ū˱ǿ黭·ʯͷҲʼ˱仯
ԭʯͷϲûʲôת󣬾ܹʯͷʯͷԭޱϵĵطȻһС֮ǰǾȻ֡
ӦӾת棬ֻ̫˱棬ܿҿ˵룬ǲæ˵˵ä㡣
֪ˣǰս̾ϲô㣬û뵽Լóĵطˣⶫºڡ
ô죬СҲȥֻܽȥһֻ֡׳̾һ˵
˵СʲôԿڵĻءƴɿ˵
֪ǧСʲôһ壬ЩѰҾۻ׵أһӴ׳ʱҲЩĿ˵
һ˵ɣƤȽϺ񡣡
˵꣬ǵķӳֱӣԼ˳Ǹ̽˹ȥ
ȥ˶̲ססˣΪĵġ
ȷͬ׳˵ģⶴ֪ʲô
һô죡
Խ̽Խ棬ƺ沢ûʲô̲סѯʵʲôû
ûУյģⶴֱĺܣҶˣûй䡣⿪п⡣󿪿˵
ҼҪ˵ʲôʱ򣬴Ȼ˵Һʲôˣ
ȫסͬĿѯʵʲô
һۣӦҪʲôȥſԣ󿪿˵
ʲôʲôģƴæʡ
ǣ̫ʯ״˳Ȼһ״Ǻ̫ʯࡣ
̫ʯŽȥɡƴҧҧ˵
ܿ죬Ͱ̫ʯ˽ȥհ̫ʯŽȥ¡¡ԱߵһʯͷȻƶȻһһͨ·
·СģɴܲܽȥǺɭڣ˶ԥˡ
ȽȥȻΣƴ󣡡׳ӰóһֵͲǿ˵
˵ͳͨȥ׳ȥҲһȥ뵽׳ȥͷһҾ徵Ľ
ˣ


178 
˶׳һҽиŪŵˣæֵͲܱͨգܿ죬Ϳ׳ˡ
СӱŵȶˣСƵģæʵզˣ
׳һߴŴһ߿˵û£ˡ
ôŵģƴʱҲû䳰ȷǹĵĿʵ
Լ׳ֵͲһ˹ȥ
˳׳ָķһҲ㱻ˣƹյĵطһͷ죬һ¥ߵĴڹŴѪڣͺҪ˹Ƶã͵һֱŵĸо
ܿǾͷڹһܰˣֻǿЩʵûʲôá
ƴɿ˵߹Ź˵һͷԵڤȮȻ̫񣬶ѡӦþǰˣ
꣬ҪţӷǵŪɣͨſŪǶ챻ɢˡ׳ʱҲ¥ͣԼؿڣп
ƺھۻ棬ָţ˿ǧϹܶѾɾˣҪԸĻûʲôƴɺٺٻЦ
Ҳʹţզ͵ˡ׳޳ܵĵ
һʼܵŻǶѨҲһЩ־治׿ǧǰˣôľ޴ܣô˽Сͨġ
ȵ˶ͨʯͷҲ֪ôģȻһ£ָˣĻƴһæ˹ȥ£˵ãǳȥˣ
ô죿ǸòᱻɣźҲûУҪ绰֪ͨǧǶС׳ʱҲһʼľлָѯʵ
Ӧûͨƴɿ˵µĿʣܷǧӣȻ϶Ҫˡ
˵ʲô׳˻ƴһۣûĿ˵
ҶЩȥˣ˵صµĿҲͨţֿܣһصеˮͣĻϾޣеˮʲôϡĵطһܾͨڣĸܣǿȷľǣǲֻһ·ߡ
ԭˡ׳ƶǶĵ˵ͷ
ЩֵǣͨģǧˣզĶҲûأǴڹ͸յƵã϶ûЩɻĿ˵
˵Ϳ׳󣬻ƴ˾͸ɵһңǴ󿪿˵ʲôѵãȻ¿ռǸصʿйأȻ϶е֧ţɽа취öǧ겻ȻΪЩʦүô漸ǧģǿǵģһ㶫ͱˡ
׳ôһ˵ҲЩȻˣѧⶫ̫ӣѾĿѧˣȻط˼ͲҪͨĿѧ˼
¥Ǻܳ˲һף͵ƽˣƽغǰĳȻʣҲ֮ǰǸˡ
ֵͲһܣȷһĿռҲ֪ЩôŪôһġ
ʱȻһ˵Ǻˣ
ˣæֵͲ˹ȥһ޿ӣﻹĺʹ˵һˣ
ϸ˺ҲЩˣͿϵˣǺһȴܶһվʮˡ
ʱ׳Ҳ˵ҲУ
ҲС󿪿˵
ƴҲһⶼǣ
⣡Ѿ𾪵Щ˵ˣΪǷ֣ǰ·Ա߲һССľ޿ӣÿﶼվЩͿϵˣÿ˶ԾɫľװһĿǰȻֻˣȴһɱ֮
޴ĵ棬ȻվǧˣǷ·Զŵսˣ
֣׳Ȼ˵
ʲôæ˹ȥЩֶ߹Ź֣Ǹ˾ֻ׳
ΰ֮գʵʿҲʱ߹ؼ֮ʱ׳˵˵ţһʵѣΣ
ΣҴôʲôطΣ֮ǰʱȻǵ߹ŹҲͬ
⵽ʲô
ƴҲĶң̾һԽԽˡ
ӦþǸصʿˣھˣ㵽˭תɽʦүŵת󿪿˵
Ҳ⻰ʲô˼ҿƴɣѯʵ
ƴֿЦҰĲСԺǵʼᲢˣʼ֪תϣ˵ظ֮УҪسǿڵظдһƬǵõ˳Щˣ룬ӦþʿɣԼѹʱ߻Щǿû´Ļÿһ棬һʱ߹Źʿʬ壬ǻĽЩʿˣȻճˣԼ֮бã
˼ǣЩ棬ǵʱ߹ʿһȻоΧĿҲЩ
ʱҲѾ߹ĵ·ͨһң֪ΪʲôҸоͬʵʰĿͶ䵽ҵҵĺһë
ӣתͷȥֵͲ˹ȥʲôûãֻЩѾǧ߹ʿ


179 
ʲôأƴɼתͷȥͶҿʵ
ûܸоʲôڶҡʵĽԼ뷨˵˳Ͼ£ʲôҪЩרҵʿԼпܻ˱ˡ
ƴҲתͷȥɵĿһ£˺һſ˵զûоɡ
ϣ̾һƴɶûоʲô쳣ӦþǴˣЩ̫ˣ˵ÿ涼һʬ壬ҵЩˡ
ԲŻִɡ
ʹô룬һֱ˶ŵĸоȴôɢˡ
ҲȷʵЩ죬ô˵أôûˣ϶֩ʲôٲҲеණͳζɡ
ͺɨһɾЩ֣һ·˵֩ˣһҳûС
Ա߻˵ƣǵƿһֹĹ׳ǻƴɶЩơ
ܸоЩƿ϶ģȻΪʲôҪµЩʯЩѵΪۣ
ţЩҲ˱仯һʼϸ嵽ĴɲЩƺǱ⻮ȥһÿһƿô覡
Ҹоǵ߶ΧĵƺǻᶯһϸƹȥֿȻ
һ·׳Ȼ˵ôе㲻Ծ
ʲôԾæѯʵʱѾǱ˶ŵĸоЩֵĵƸŪһͷ֮׳һ仰ҲҸоЩ
ûŵʬ׳Ļƴɿ˵Щ֡
ƴһ£ȻҲĿ˵һ㣬һǴ󴫹ˣ˹ˣղ·ʱ򣬶ûеģôʬ͸߹ˡ
ҪҪȥȻһô죿׳ЩСĿѯʵ
ţȥɡƴɵ˵ͷ
ѾһΪʬԵʣתͷ˻ȥٴλص֮ǰǸʯҵʱ򣬿ǹɸõŻʬʹңŵˡ
Ǹоǿңͺ߸õʬѻһĳζ
ûɰȻʬŨˣȴûʲôʬ׳ɻһ£Щ㤵ĿЩվǵˣѯʵ᲻Щ˳Ⱑ
ǰֵͲǿһգÿ˶ЩԭЩˣʱѾѿһѷ죬еѾʼµƬˡ
ĿԿЩëȻͺʲôҪչһ
ʱҵֵͲյһһƬˣ۾λƬ¶һֻҰ׵飬Ӳͣķתƺע⵽ңȻĶҿ
ŵúЩΡΡĿ˵ô£Щˣû
áƴɿ˵ǳǧ꣬Ȼһŵ˻˵ζЩȻʬˣôȥЩ˿ɶҪˣǼǧͨǶ˰˵ǧѪʬˣ
ǧѪʬȫǧѪʬҺȻ֮ǰĹǸѪʬĻҪȫˣ
·ѾˣҪȥҲû·˰
ô죿׳ҲЩ
ֻˡƴһȽȥסǣȻһ˶
ô򣿡׳Żƴɣ㲻˵ҵĻҲĿȥģһ
æһ˵ͷ˵û
СడǶʱסЩĺˣһ취뿪ġƴЦϾҿǺģûһİգôȥðգ˵һ˶˼ǧ֣ʱҾҪȥҽ𣡡
û⣿ЩŽɵĿѯʵ
ƴȴˣǴԼİͳС࣬ˣСʯ滷ţ֮ǰëȻĿҲС
߰ɡ׳ֱת˵
ǣһ˵ʲô
ܵиģǶС࣬ԻƴõѡĻҵۻףҵͨ·׳˵
һҲ֪׳˵ȷģֻعͷȥһСѹ˵Ļƴɣҧҧ׳һȥ
Ϊ˻ƴɣǶ˳Ҳһ£Ϊʵǿ׳ǰ棬м䣬ߵ˺档
ȻЩܣԼʱλãǿɾԼ£˿Ҳᱻǣ
ԽԽ֪ΪʲôҸоǰһĻʼԽԽϤô˵أͺǰһ
ǰûпﰡҡҡԴԼĸӵ뷨һߡ
Կ϶ǣûߴλãΪжںҵĸоԽԽǿˣ֮ǰǺĻھҶߵˡ
һ׳Ȼ˵ЩԾ
ʲôԾһ£˵
׳˳ӣ˵㲻һ·߹Ҳ̫ƽһô˵֮һǧǰصʿı棬·Ҳô׾˽ָоͺǡ
˵һ룬׳ûм˵ˣæѯʵʲô
׳תͷĶңͺǣƺѾ㵽Ҫˣİ


180 ʯϵ
׳˵ģ֮ǰֱŪ֮ĸоٴӿܸоһ˫ֽҪչķһƶȥ
ǾϵһͲԼ뷨ƾֵİ취
ҷʱֵͲȻһȻԼͬȥͻı仯һҵĺ亹
¡¡
һ׳æ˵ô£ʲôˣ
ʱҲŵòᣬ˵أ򿪻ӣ
ղʲô׳Ŀ˵
֪Ҷ켱ˣⳡѾЩƲסˣǾʹڼĲ֮Уͻĺڰ׽ǵ˼ˡ
æ˰죬ڸҵӣæѻӸ򿪣Χһ⵽զ£ΪʲôǵֵͲԼͬĶϵˡ
³׳һȻң˵ҲʲôܹӰֵͲһͬʱӰм϶ڹ
ڹһ£˵ֵͲĵ⣿ܰⶫǧ׼ģôСĵˡ
ڹأ׳˵
ܡҡҡͷڹҲš
׳̾˿˵׼
˵׳ԼİͳһֵͲȻֵͲ򿪣ŸоһЩȻ׳ֵͲóַŽֵͲ棬ٴ򿪵ʱȴô򲻿
ֵͲĵطŵֵͲʱǵֵͲȴԼͬĶˣһ˵⡣
׳Ц㻹ǧЩɶ׼ģΪʲôô׵ȥԼ棿֮ǰǸżʱΪʲôȻʧѵ˵ʲôΣ㲻Ҫ̫ˡ
˵׳ְѵزõĵطֳݣŽֵͲ棬ָ˸ûõĵأŤһ£ֵͲйˡ
ܣҡҡͷԼȴѾ߰˷֣˵ǧڹͼɶ
ãǻȥĲȫ˵ڹĻעҪˣ׳Ӧ˵
һĻǺȷЩ޷Ԥϡ
Ҹ뿪˵ʲôʱ׳Ȼ˵ˣأ
׳ôһ˵Ҳסˣ԰أ
Ӹղſʼһֱû˵Ҳûע⵽ֵͲ󣬴ôͺȻʧˣ
˰ֵͲգȷѾںſڴĺǵĺȴûеõӦ
ãǸղźȻϵһǣ˸Ūˣղŵĺ¡¡Ӧþص߹Źż棬⣡׳һ˵ҪôǧҪôǸʬһġ
ô죿ЩЩˣѯʵ
ҵټһ˵ղǸŪ˴ôǻؿ϶⸽ϸҡɵӦþܵЩǽˣһЩǽ档׳˵
ҵ˵ͷ׳һһǽڿʼǽЩɲĵʱƺҲ͸¶ߵǽһҲûȻҪ׳Ǳûʲô֡
Ҹ˵أ׳ȻûлӦңˣæֿһ׳ûлػ
æԼֵͲת˹ȥﻹʲô׳ֻпյһƬǽڰˣ
Ҹŵòᣬôתۼ׳ʹ󶼲ˣ
Ҳ˵ղ׳ܱظŪûˣڶԣǸӦþڶǽϡ
Ҳߵǽˣæܵȥʼ뿴ܲȻ
ϰ죬ҲûʲôֵͲҲЩ֧ӣƹҲʼİ
ôùɣ
һæѵƹģʽĵһ㣬оǸǽ
ǽǱߵǽûʲôͬҿ˰죬ҲûʲôһЩưҵ۾Ūˣһ۾ӶЩ񹤵ĵơ
ص
ҿʼЩˣԽԽҲʲô©ƫҹ꣬ΪҲضоˣֵͲȴǸŵһͰĹ⾹Ȼһ£ֱûˡ
ΧһƬڰ֮УǿסԼĲӰó˸ӣʼǽҫ۵ĹâҲ֧Ų˶ãûһҲʧˡ
ҾȥУܹҲֻʮӣҪ˷ˣ˵ãһأ۾Ҳ˶١
Ҳûûˣֱȥڹ⻬ǽǵƹûˣҸеԵʣҵǽţȻȸղŻҪ
һҲһ鲻һĵطô˵أǿططҪ͹һ㣬ȻǺԣȴҲ͹
ҾͰעתǿ͹ϣҵעһ飬Ҳһ⣬ǾǸ͹ĵطȻԽԽԣԽԽԡ
ԭֻһСС͹𣬵һ͹ҪһȻĿʼˡ
ǸС͹ΧʯҲʼһ͹

һǿԼ侲󣬾ȥоð͹ʯ顣
ܿ죬͹ĵطԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽԡ
һҲоԼѾһ
ԸԼû
ΪȻһЩ͹ĵطȻ٣


181 ߳
һֳȴԼֱֵסˣô鲻ҵֺʯںһ
ʲô
ҸоԼϵ֮أͷһĸоʯϴ˹˵嶼ǱˣҷԼͶˡ
׸ղ׳ʹΪʲôϢľʧˣΪʵ̫һ㡣
ɻŵʱ򣬺ȻĴһʹȻҾ͸оԼҪˣҸоҵʱ򣬺Ȼǰʯһ˾ͱ˹ȥûҷӦͺȻʧˣ˶ֱ˦˽ȥ
һˤڵأҸҿ϶ҵĵطԲףһ°ҸˤΰصģҡԴҪԼһ㣬һһŵæǶ˦ȥ
ʲôæóĻӣһ򿪣ͱǰһĻŵˡ
ʯ澹ȻĲߣЩߣ̲סһ۳ѾΧңһˣæѻתһȦЩ߶ŵ˻ȥ
֪ȻܳõģҾˣѵղ׳ʹҲǵģôģ
ЩߵӣǶߣ濴һͷ۾ߣ
ʱϵĻҲԽԽСΧЩƺҲע⵽ĻӺֲ̫ˣȻһΧ
ڻӵĻϨ֮ǰӦǲģȻҲǰ취һ죬ȵȫЩ߾ͻһӵϣֱӰҵŪû
Ȼֹ֪ʣǻӿʱæóһӣִˣȻԼǿĻ߶һͿЩ߻ҵĴŤȻֿһ·
һһ취
µˣΪӵĹⲢǺҸʯҵͨôóóȻĿ·һһ·ô죿
ҾˣطѾ˼ǧôߣôˣЩ߲
ȻʵȴҼ˼ʱ䣬ܿ죬ڶӵĻҲʧˣҴӰóеĻӣһ£ܹʮ߸ӣҧҧһѰɣһѣܲƴһ·ôӣȻʧܸΣλǲҵ·ĻҲû취ˡ
һȰǿĻӳǰһЩΪȫÿˣȻŵӣǵ֮ǰӵĿյأȻֳǰѸյŵĻӸ˹ȥ
Щ߶ɢȥǸӣְһǰ涪ȥ
ܿ죬߸Ӻ΢Ļ⿴һǽڣû·еֻһ沼ϸ׵ǽڣܼ־֢һ
ǲϸ׵ǽϲͣһߣȻЩ߶ǴǽģҾ˵ôˣЩôܲԲأȻǽ滹ж죬ǲȥǸˡ
ǽȷû·ֳ֮һǽ֮ǰİ취ӺּһǽȽϺõԵʣǽϾȻûЩϸס
⻬ǽϵһ޴ĵͼ
ѵǳ·
һſڴʣµĸӣЩȻǲȥѰҳһ·ˣҲֻܶһˣ
ǽϵ㵽ʲôá
õһӵʱҷǽߺЩߵĽһһȦȻûһ߸ҽ
æǸΧȦ棬ΧЩȻһ񣬵ȴҲûиҽӽΧȦҲŵһֵζ
ζϤҺܿζʲô
֮ǰǧõǸƵϻɣ˵ЩΪʲôҽӽˣԭ˼档
Ҽǵ֮ǰ׳Ϊ棬ȥǧĥӲݵһƿˡ
׳һˣҺȻЩ
ΧҲûдʬ壬׳ʹʱӦҲû٣һ뿪ˣ
뿪ĵطӦþǰŵǽڡ
ΧһֱͣĶ˻˻ţûǣǿʼעǰǽ
ǽںܼ򵥣ǺͨһĵƣƺûʲôأղʯϳֵҲ̫ⶫȥͨһ
׳ʹˣôȥأ
ҿǰǽҲʼ˼ʱŵǸҲޣžһˡ
Χһ˺ڰ֮УЩ˻˻ںڰҲʼԵøͻҺȫ亹
֪ǵ׻᲻ͻΧȦһڿˮǿԼ侲ҪţʱŲûʲôã
Щߵ˻˻ȴڶ侲ȥ˼⣬ҵԴ亹ҧԼַǵϡ
ϰ죬Ҳûʲôһͷˮʱ򣬺ȻʲôĶֱӵҵͷϣ
һֱӳǶ涪
ߣ
컨Ҳߣ
ûɰôܻȥղŵߣ
Ҳ˵ҴطȫЩ߸ܿһǺпܻ
ҧǿĵĲʼǽԽԽߴȻûеϣܹڵϵžž
һˣҲõеһЩǽڷһȻƿһ㣡


182 ؾ޹
ѵŸûлأֻҪһ¾Ϳˣһ£͸оԼǸɵһ
ƾҪȺûˣϾƵϻֶ֪ܼãЩⲻյĹط˭֪ǲӵģһ̲סˣҲ
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͸оⶫ֮ǰѧʱμӵܽݳʱõһҵôðɡ
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ϣùģһסӵͷһ䣬ԸоʲôҸˣһⶫûùģ
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ҴӰóһѹɳ˼ˮоԼĶӱ˺ܶżǰߣûҵ׳ʹ֮ǰҿ϶ǲѡϢģҲҪǰǰ
һҲŵһŨʬζζޱȵǿңž͸һҪŻµĸо
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ܰϣǵصףô⣿ԥһ£ѡǰȥ
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183 ߼
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׳
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˱׳ҪһͷңѾҲˣԭεͬŮ˵ʱҲ˼ǣıݵѸһĸо
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ʱƴɵҲҵĶȻˣ˵θоСЩ֣ԭ
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׳һȴҲһƴɵϷʣϴ䵱ɽǧˣҲѾ֪˭ˣҪһϻԼԼɽǧˡ
ʲô˼ҿѯʵ
ƴɿ˵㿴ȥ֪ˣ
һǿѹסԼĵĺģ׳ȥʱ׳ѾߵǾ޴ĹײǰɨһǾ޹ףЦЦдżǿĳƺʲôܺЦĶһ
ָԼĿôţֻǿǾ޹ףͣЦƺһ
ǧǰҶй嶷۵컯㣬Ȼһҵһ컯嶷׽ǧˣһǧˣʤɻңã׳зӦˣǾ޹ףЦ
׳˵Ǿ޹׾ȻʼͣҡƺʲôҪһֻǾ޹棬ԭھҡεľ޹ʱȻֱӱסˡ
֪Ҷ֮ĳɰܣζ𣿡׳죬Цſ˵̫ƣһȴ֧ţγʥֻ䵽նʬֻأͼʥЦҵֲǷӰ˵ʲôҪޣұҪ޽ԣһڣ㣬ˡ
˵׳Լַſʯף֪ô𣿺ܼ򵥣ֻɲϼһ֣ۣұۣҫ۵ȻϣأֻһʦүЦתҪԼͽͽ׷ɱ
ʯ׿ʼҵҡҡεȿʼԽԽ׳ϵЦҲԽԽŨԽԽŨĺˣǧǰһλᣬͬһλᣬһ⣬ֻ仰Ҫ˵ˣˡ
˵׳ֱһǾ޹ף޹׳ֱӱĳ˻ҽǲͣ𶯵ĶҲһĳ˻ҷ𣬡ȻѾˣҲ֣Ұ·
һĶʯЦ׳ԣǰ棬˵ĺëըӸղ˵ĻҲѾǰ˵ģ̫ˣ
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ҪǣҲ뵽һЩ飬Ǿǣǰ棬ǧˣ
ҿӣǺͻƴһͣĶᣬŻôãԼڵǧ꣡
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һѾЩڵľˣ̾һ˵Щôˣ뿪ˣû𣿡
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ˣҲعȥԴɽҲûʲôϸ䵱ɽɽ֮սҲûʲôϵֻҪԼͺˡƴɿ˵
ǣһ£Żƴɡ
ƴɿɬЦȻأСóպȻú϶ҴȱţܹҺ֮ĹϵȽϺãȻҪģѵȥͶǸ⵹ҲǲԣϾǼһľˣôӲһ
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ҵ˭תԼԼоԼѹͲʲôŵתĿŻƴɡ


184 
ĿŻƴɣ֮ʳ⣬ΪѾԼԼоˣƴɿ϶֪Щʲôп֪еĲ֣Ȼ׳뿪ֻҪ׳ˣʲô
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֪ҿŻƴɣ˵϶ֻ֪ǲңΪʲô
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һ£Żƴɣ֪ΪʲôȻô˵
ȻһǸϲɵһЩһȫϤĴܻӣһĵѡƴɶ˶٣۾ƺŹâһҵʧԼʶȴܾİ취ң𣿡


185 ƴɵľ
ƴͻĶԻҸŪˣҴĿһӲ֪Ӧôȥ˵ˣƴƺҲԤϵҵַӦЦſ˵ҿ˺ܴľĲģҿɺٻô嶯ľ
ҿŻƴɣ̾һ˵ѵͲѡҰƽƽȵĹһҲû̫Ұġ
ˣעҪӭӵĶѡҲб˰·ġƴɿ˵ҪȥͱѡȻ෴·
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Ȼͻƴսһǿ˵ǰֱӻΪʲôֻһˡ
ʬ屻ǧ߹ŹսʿḴգڰӦûͨǱߺЩ߹ŹսʿսɡƴЦȥʯ׸ƿ濴£տҲʲôûС
˵ʬأȻŵʬ壬ﲻӦ÷𣿡ҿ˵
ƴɿ˵˵ʬͲۻ׵ôȻƭ棬бŵͳģ
üͷʱҲע⵽ʯ׵棬һƵӡǣŵĵͳ
һǹɼ¶ڿŵͳҲʼǼ¶֮ǰɽļ¶Ҫǿ
Σ֪ϿɵĵһˣҲҵһ뵱ֵܵˡƴɺȻЩûͷûԵĿ˵
ţһ£˵ʲô˼
ƴЦ˰ʦ޾޸ҲɥͬҲûΪ˿ǵ飡
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ΪҲ֪ˣЩС˾ͱȽ֣˲飬ƫƫҪ췴ң
ƴ˵Űƽ˾ۻڣװŹӷߣҾ飬ܸġ
ĺ˾ۻ׵Ĺײġ


186 ɱ
ڹײİ屻ϵǰһ˲䣬ƴɶסˣңЦſ˵Ǳɽ˰ɣסˣǷҵģ㲻ܳɹҲԣһҪɹ
˵꣬ƴֱӰѹײİˣϹײİۻһƬڰ
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Ҳ֪ƴʲôǴԼӶΪȡʲôҲͨԼҸһ·
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ȥȥҴӦ㣬ҴӦ㻹ҡæ˵
Ҳ֮ǰ˵İҲְ취ƴɵÿɬĺˣҲģֻǳ˯һʱ䣬ۻ׿԰ҵɹڽϵĵͳͼ棬ֻҪҲ˵ļ˼Զʴ㣬ֻҪɹ·ͿҸգôãҲˣ
˵꣬ƴɵҲû
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ǹĸоҵǻ尾ĸоҲʹ޳
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ĬĬĽԼַѪнϣγѪУƺҲоĵãѪзһĽ
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һ£ϰ죬ԼԼŵˣеɱҲѸٵ
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ʱҺȻʶʲô˵ⰡնʬնңִԼԳʥӦûиͳŵת
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ƴôһ˵Ҳ׹˵Ǹô£
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Сüͷ˵ô£
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ҿǿǡҿŲط棬ЩҴӦ֪˵⻰ı󵽵ʲô˼ǲңҲȴӦ̽һĿڷ硣
Ҷ֮ǰеǸΪұǺθˣûֲҾѲˣʦְָˣ˵ûʲôʧɡطֱĿң˵
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ڵĻ϶𾪣ΪЩ֮ĶԻ
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ðɡֻܱȽԼͷ׺üӡǵʵ
ƴٴγȥˣļ죬Һ¾Ҳһֱڸ·ҲԼĲһȣұñ֮ǰҪǿ׳˺ܶ࣬Ϊ֮ǰգһۣȴ˿ûˣͺһ
ӦöǻƴɵǸͳԵʣıҵ壬ջƴɵ˵ҵ壬ȥ˶Աܰ¼öƣ˳Ƹ¼ʲôġ
ȴһҲ˷ܣΪԼʲô
ȣΪߵĺ᲻ӻأǷ񶨵ģôҲζǶʱ̶ܹɵҡ
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ˡƴɼ׹ˣ浽ôһˣǸţ
ʲôæѯʵĬ˺üĻƴɣʱȻô˵϶ǷʲôȻô˷ܵġ


191 ִ
ѯˣƴɹЦ˵飬Ѿ˽ˣֻ̫һؼԵͿԸǹ۶ˣм俨ǸϣҲ˵ֻн⿪ţҲŲ
ʲôؼԵ⣿æѯʵ
ӦСӦûǵɽɡƴɿ˵
ҵ˵ͷ˵Сʦ֮ǰҵ٣Ȼ֪
֪ͺáƴ죬˵ͻƵɽǣҪ⿪е׷ʲôȥ⿪ʮǰĺëšûв´ĻëӦþƶ֮ĵһν棬м䷢˺ܶ飬ҲֻصĹ߸һ飬ʵǸط˵ĶǶԵģԼյĶǴĹǸɶ׫¹ĶӦֻжβ֪ˡ
˼ǣһѯʵ
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ˣҸоԾľɽ˵ǾһҪɱ˲ط棬϶֪ʲôģһˮ˵ˣôղٵ֤ݡƴɿ˵
ԣҪȥɽһСüͷ˵ʵҺܲҪСϽ棬˵ھӼҵСһ
ȻΨһͻƵӦþСǸʦˡƴɶ˶٣˵˵ʵѾҵԤ֮ˣҲǸһ֣죬֣ѾǸˣ沼Ǵ֣ĿɶɱͲطľְ붼ЩͷƤ顣
˵𲻰ǵĻ˵᲻ֱӹǣҿѯʵ
⼸ʺܴ󣬼ȻΪҵôһҪ֮ǰɵԲŲ֣ȫҪˡƴɿ˵
ڻƴ˵Ҳ̾һԼ̫ѨЩ͵Ŀգڵľߵ⣬һڵˣһвпܻٲ
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Ϊ˻ƴɣҲҪɳˣһʧˣôҹ̵ĵĻƴҲɢ
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ȻܰܣǾֻӮˣʱǽ֮ʵʱˣԼĵˣûҪʴȣ
Ҫʤ;Բʴȡ
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һŻƴɿ˵һļƻʲô
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ҵ˵ͷ˵Ҳ˵һҪߵĹȥ㶫ƿë⣬Լ棬Լʤıȡ棡
ˣƴɿ˵ڵʵȴЩˣȻܵͳıȴҲֻֻ۳ɹԪˣһԱ
ѾˣһҲ˵ڵɽĵжǰˡ
ţȡڵɽǰȻȥѰҶľۼ취ƴ̾һʱܽȰȻϵĵͳܹԶǶκͲط涼ĳΨһܹƵİ취ǰԼʵľٶ죬ҹһ£಻ʱ䣬ϵĵͳͻᱻˣʱǴսĿʼʱΨһһû׼ֶεˣԿģ
ҾҪӿʵѵٶȣңԼʶûֻʵѣǵԤƣǲܹʱȥ֣ǲִٵӭսҿ˵
ȻֻƴȻ̲ǺܸߣЩıƵĶȴĺܡ
һĻ滣ŶĻɡ
ǽӦôҿ˵
һ۵ˮľɳĮ֮Ѿۼˮľľ𣬻Ҫ۳ɳĮ֮ȱľ𣬽ǲѪһͿˡƴɿ˵ȻͿγˣеͳҲϢİ뿪ɳĮ֮ǰԿ۳
ҵ˵ͷȻ̫׻ƴ˵Ǹ˵ɶ˼˵ƺеҲһ˵۳
ұȽ츳֮ĵ죬Ҿͳɹİѻ۳ˣоҲЩ˷
֮Һ¾ֻ˽һڣŵӪ̹ųǣڵӪ̹ųǵͬʱһҲɹˣ˷ܵһ
ʱңӦú֮ǰʵ׳ˣʹǵɽڣҲܹЩʵȽĳˣ
۳һڽҾͿԴﵽƴ˵Ԫľ磬֮ϢʵҪֹؼǣڵңѾƿعǹҵˡ
ҵʵʵҪӵǿƴ˵ģڵĵͳѹֵĹЧֻҪٽһԪȫƿعˣ
Ц֮ǰɽұһŪòھȻѾﵽԲٿعĳ̶ˣŹ˶ð
ģֻҪҿŬǰľ϶ǻã
ΣҲõʤģ


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Ӫ̹ųǾζһǵ߹Ź֮ĻȻһε߹Ź֮ߵ˶Щ˷ȴҲ֪˸Ķ
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Ϊÿһתǵ˺棬֪ȥ󣬶ѡԼڣŵ긴Ҫǳɹ˵ĻŵĲܴˡ˶٣ÿǿҪɹʱҶԼֻأ»ϴƵĻᣬ˴ˣÿζգǵھŴˣǲ䡣
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ҵ˵ͷ˵Сʲôط
ЩѾͨ飬ĹСȻЩĹЩˣЩﶼᱻС򡣾ͱˣǸСԼɢĻҪС򡣡ƴɿ˵ڰ˱ֹУԼ壬ŲҪС򡣡
ҵ˵ͷС򵽵Ǹʲôطˣ˵ΪʲôСĲܽС򣿡
ҲȻСǰģҲʲô򵥵ĶȻǴʦүͲСķΪľͯƴɿ˵˵ҲΪһ亹ǴʦүõʱǷӡ˼״̬Ȼпܱʦүһˡ
һ£Ҳ׹ӰǺŵ໥Ķ󣬵ʱıֵĻȷǺΣա
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ʱƴɿ˵ʱָĻϾֻûָŵ꣬ԷѾԲİˣŵ꺦һƳһǧ̣˵ŵֱҲǳ
̾һǲ̫ŵͰ֮սҵĿǰ㸴˵ֻеõŵУſԸ㣬ôǵĿӦòǰ棬ж϶ǲŹǵģǱһսطǴӦɽɱ֮Ҳһս
ҲĻôͻӮһ
ƴҲЦ֪Σϲֱ仯Ҿһתһηηβʥĸɵϵ
佱ҿɬЦЦﲻ֪ǿĻѹ
ϣΪԭһҲû˯ţӶһЩ߰뷨ǲ
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ҡҡԴܴܲùǱҪӮ


193 ŵʦ
ڶʱӶװ˽˷ɻ󣬲ſʼ˯˯ѵʱѾ쵽ˣ⻹ҵһȥݣ˵ʵҲͦġ
ǶԼҪȥķɽܺ棬Ҫ֪ʱڵЩ֣ɶǳڷɽǲǺ͵Ӿĵһضݰ
˹ݣͿ˹ӻСҺС΢΢һ죬ЩŤĳ˹ҲоЩΣΪ֮ǰǸҵڻĿء
Ϊ̽鵽ë࣬һЦųСȥ²СǰЩһˣƺûǰֵĸоЩСұ
ɵզ˵ˡСС˵
ˣԹ㡣СӣҲ̲סڵЦСԽԽ죬Ҳ֪ԼЦˣæ˵ЦģҪûУҿǴӦʦҪչġ
һûаҪëСΪҲСǣ
ˡСԴЩŤŤĿ˵Щ飬ûн
ҿСʲô֮ӣҲüͷʲô鷳˰ҾͿ˵ʲôѴ𣿼ȻҴӦʦ㣬ͺ˵
С죬Ȼҡҡͷ˵飬Լģ鷳ˡ
ҿСҲüͷȻ˵ҲԼ뷨˵Լܽʱɡ
ˣͷô˰Ⱦ𣿡СתȥǰҴ·һţһ߿ѯʵ
ǰǲǸоſᣬЩʱֵƵáЦſ˵
ţұΪСϣȴû뵽ĵ˵ͷ˵ͦġ
ԭЩ֪˵ʲôˣΪǵĿĵǷɽʱ˵еˣڹϢһϡ
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ڳҲע⵽ˣСͦŵģηʲô˫һЩԼӡ
ر֣Ҿʻƴɣ⵽ʲô
ҲԿóԼʦӦòǺ죬ʲôˣҲǸСѾͷʦȫˡƴɿ˵
һСίҲЩζˣΪҴӦɽҪչ˺СģȴСܵί
ҲҪʲôҲСҲΪʲôԲŻ᲻İɡƴɿ˵
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ǰԼë׶סԼ
ӰæСǰȥһ·Сͣͣüתͷǻƴңпܱˡ
ܿ죬ƹɽһɽ£ɽһΪݻĵۣǸۺСɫҲһߣԭء
ȥЩȥȴֲҹȥӡ
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СҧҧƺǸԼǰȥߵſڣǵţܿ죬ӵͳһȧǺܸߣЩ̱ŮˣŮ˿С˵ôˣ˵ԺҪˣ
Ů˵ҾЩ̲סȥˣƴɿ˵һ£˽򾭹ּƻ
ƴôһ˵Ҳ˵ͷϾСԼĿǣҲóóȻƻļƻ
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˵㷳һ쵽ģⶼ˰˵ûоûУǶʦŵģֲ˵ĶƾʲôûȥǱŵʦŮûĻһ䡣
СԴ͵ĸˣʦõġ
ʦõĶȻʦŵģҪʦðŵʦ˵ֱӰŸˣ


194 ռȵ
ŵʦհŸص󣬴СĻ棬С˳ǴſѪڣҺ
СףСһСףСһ㣬˻档
Ѿõ˴𰸣СʦҪСʦСʦӦǽСȥùСŻᱻƴɿ˵
ҺȻϴʱ򿴵ǸЩɷǵͷϸ룬Ըпܸɵĳֶ̱
Ӧô졣ҿ˵
ƴɿ˵ڲĿûгԪƲʲôķˣܹоǵиԪԲͷҲﲻ
ǡҿվڵſһСоرۣôίԼȴûа취ȥͷǸоرĲˬ
ȻȥɣˣȡѪеǿڽˣȰȫۼٽһЩطӦþͿԸ㶨ˡƴɿ˵
ҵ˵ͷٴοСǿԼĵŭתСıȥҲѾ֪ࡣ
ȻС϶Ҽȥҵļƻ
һصڿ򿪵ӿʱСҲˣҲɵЦ⣬֪˸ղŵҲСϵЦ⣬ǿջЦ
СǽӲЦݣҰԼ˾һҪõӦõõĶ
һǳȥԷɡСЦЦʱĻ棬СҲˣСĿѾָˣ֮ǰ˱ˡ
СĺСҲȻЩ̫ܽСôܳˡ
СĵԴ˵ȥԣ԰쿪ʼɣһѺ֣ĶͷԵ
ûôŰСһЦ˳
ҵ˵ͷȻôţһԷʱ˳˻ɡ
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СӣҸоԼĶҪˣôԸСŮôȹ⼸µģʦܻһ㣬֮ǰԸоͿԿĳʦˣЩò̫ˡ
һҪúñ
Լﰵġ
ΪҴӦɽΪСӼĵı
һųǰԶСҳһЩˣ˳Բϰˣζ̫ˣСԵĽζӣҲǿЦżԡ
ԵһʱҲʱ뿴ˣСǸŵʦһΪεһ߽˲
ŵʦϾͿҺСһȻû뵽СȻͱһԷ
ȻҲһǽʳĹӸ˹Цſ˵ҵ˭أԭСʦð
ŵʦ㡣СɫЩ̫ÿ
ҽסȭͷԼĿ졣
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ͷֵʱͷ˼ǣС
ҰԼĿӷϣ΢ЦŶС˵Сôһֱû˵иһʦ㰡
ʲô˼ŵʦ㻹û˵ǹӸݺݵĵһۣ˵զأ
СҲҵ½ǣʾҪ˵ʲô
ȴЩ̲ˣ˱ͲǸóԼֱӣЦֻ׼ݹٷŻ𣬲յưߣ˺֮仰û˵𣿡
㣡ǹӸ类仰µãֱҪֱ֣վһưȦˡ
ǹӸ籾ҪģǱҪ߰ͷĸӣҲЩˣ
Сʲô˼Ϊҵ˸֣صҸǰɣŵʦЩ̫ǣתͷС˵
СԴЩηηĿ˵ŵʦ㣬Ǹҡ
ˣҸ㣬ЩõĻȥģŵʦЦſ˵
ҿһСᶼˣҧҧ˵Ӧú˵ʵ˰ɣ
С̾һˣҲӦ֪Щòģȡ裬뿪ɣ߰ɡ
ȴҡҡͷС˵˵˵׷ʲô飬ȻҴӦʦҪչ㣬ҾͲô۸ȥ
ǡСҪ˵ʲôȴҡҡͷ˵ûʲôǣ˵ɡ
һĬС;˵ƵžžવµίȫϻҪװһǿӡ
ʱ˾Լһ˵ʱޣ̵סһ˹ԼİοԼƲס
ҾĿǶСȥһֽᣬȻŰȥ
Ȼͻƴ˵Ĳ࣬ռȵһףҲɵЦʱҲע⵽ǹӸŵʦѾʼˣȻδһͨǾջصϢɡ
ɽҪûСܵЩίҲҪջȥֿȥС۽ǵᣬùղװ׵ĵӣֱվŵʦ͹Ӹĵطȥ
ʲôСҵӣæ˵Ƕǵģ߰ɣ
ô֪أҶСգգ۾ֱӰԼĵӳһԹŮ˹ȥ


195 
ڿлһȣֱӳŵʦǹӸ˹ȥֱžһǰϣ俪ĵƬֱӰŵʦŵý
ǹӸֱվˣŭĿң˵Ѿʲô˼
ʼ磬ûǿŵʦ㣬Цſ˵ҲСֺ˵ˣȥʦԼѶɲҪҲӣ
ŵʦ㿴ң죬Ҫ˵ʲôҧҧ˵㵽˭
ģʲô˶ˣǹӸһֱۣӴӿڴͳֻ˸绰˵ģҲ˵ʲô绰һĿңţưߣӲ㣡
ҹ˰˳ǽˣʱҪɵ˹ңǾͲˣҲĽֱȥһӣλϳΪұȽϸߴԵʣһͱɫͿĹӸ类ҳ͸Ƶá
˵ʵΪ˵ңͱȽϴ󣬸˵һֱͣıۣ˴С죬ʿ϶ǿĹ֣⹫ӸͲҵĶ֡
Ӧ޹ģֻ˵ȽţǸŵʦ㣬ҲôŮˣȻŵʦԱߣһͣҪŪңҾÿŪ
𣡡ŵʦЩĵĽһȻң˵֪֪˭ﲻ
ҿ۲ͣͼĹӸ磬ϧ˸֣ûŵʦĽϳ˲ֱһȺ˴㵵Ŀһ˲ǸͰ
תͷȥĿŵʦ㣬˵죬һȥǵûԼĶġ
˵ֱһͰϣֱӰͰ߷Ҳˤΰ
ҿһСϱӵСЦЦ˵߰ɣ
С˵ͷһ˳ȥʱ򣬻ƴɺȻ˵Сģ
ƴɻ䣬ҾŵһѪζӻûתСֱӳ˳Хųȥ
תʱÿСһѳһͷСֱİѶԷ˵ϡ
ŵʦһͣЦһҽŹҲŹңʱƴɿ˵ãӺҪСٻȥˣôô򵥾ٻȥҽ취СסֱС
ʲô취ҿ˵
䣡ӡƴɻ䣬Ҿ͸оʲôӿҵԴϣĪ͸оԼʲô
ҲûüⶫֱӰջƴ˵˸ӡŸָһ㣬ǸմСѵСҪػͣȴ֪ʲôסˡ
Ц˵Сģ
õҵСļֱĵĲУֱȥһѾͳ˲ͣСʱŵʦɫҲˣ˵ң
㶼ҰˣʲôҵģҿһΧԽԽˣָָģÿźãС˿Ȼˡ
СʱҲץСĸ첲ЦһֱӰǸ첲ֱſѪڣȥ
СҵĽУ¾ͰСˣ󣬻δĿŵʦ㡣
ЦС֮ǰɽʱˣҲգƽʱⶫҲԲôˣСĽ
ҿŵʦ㣬ЦЦŪͳɡ
ǣõҵСĿĵĲˣֱӳŵʦ˹ȥŵʦСģŵû˵ˣһҪ
ȴǱСһѸץ˳Сİֱֱ˺Կҧ˼ںֳһ첲
ССʱŵʦҲʶûõģ뵽С꿪˵Сʱһأʦ岻ڼҵʱҲչģĿҳ𣿡
СĿң죬ȴû˵
̾һȻŵʦ˵㣬ô˵Сʦ㣬ȷ̫ŵʦҲ˺СĿ˵ɣ
СЩĿŵʦ㣬ವһɻҵĻ棬ȻŵʦҲص棬صֱ۵һѪҿΧЩЩĪȺڣҲЦЦ˵ϰƬأɢɢɡ
ôһ˵ȻﻹǺܺ棬ЩΧ۵ȺҲɢ˿ڣȥˣϾһʼҰͰǸٶһ֮⣬֮ŵʦĽǸͿ˵ȥʲôģȻŵʦȻˣʱ˿ѪⲻǵӰЧʲô
ȻҾؼĻңһͷ׷ôĵӰģŵʦСҲܺÿŮǵ档
˶ɢŵʦŶң㵽˭Сʶֺ˵ģ
Ц죬ʱ֪ˡ
ʱҲͰңƿڴѾģ֪˭Ϊ˲ҼҾһ棡
һ棿üͷţҿòŵĺ˰ɡ
Цһ£ĻҲ
ܻӣԼ̫Ѩȥһڸϣٴ÷ҲˣӶݺݵĿңڵͺ㵽˭֣µͷˣ
ҿĲĵ̾һޱϵĶ˵ڣ
ܵ˼裬ûֱתͷСߡ
ҿûϸ㣬ڡ


196 С
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ƴһҲʱˣҲоҪ۳һˣʱӦǿ԰ڳʮ޼ˡ


201 ɫë
ʮ޼ֵʱ˶ˣΪ֮ǰ޲ʱ򣬻ƴɾǰڳʮ޼˲佫ŮʥŮֲĹֱɱ˵ġ
ʮ޼ǻ𣿿ԶʹãҶŻƴɿ˵
ۿۿ϶ҪһµģⲢûʲôʲôŮʥôǿ󻹲ǱɱˣǸϱ£Ĳ˵֮ǰɽʱǹֱͽ飬عʮƴЦһ
һҲеˣΪ֮ƣľǴﵽԪľ磬ֱӰϸɱˡ
ˣȡѪеĽɡƴɿ˵
ʱҺȻ֮ǰ飬˵ˣоҲЩ֣֮ǰҲǺ˵յʱǰѪϵЩѪչȻ͵ͳѹܸоԼѪеɱ֮Ӱ쵽ˡ
ûʲôѪվֻǱȻǱǾǸ֧ģֻҪʵȥѹסЩӰ첻ǡƴɿ˵
ҵ˵ͷˣȻƴ˾ô˵ҲӦòʲô⡣
죬ҶڼȡѪеĽжȹģȻֱ֮ٶȱսҪӵĿ죬ҲѾԸоԼһڽƺҪ۳ˡ
ʱСҲֵлָʱЩҵķ䣬죬˵ʲôȴЩ˼˵
ֹͣսĶѪзŵһߣС˵ôˣ
Բ𡣡СԴҿ˵
ΪɶͻȻ˵Բ𰡣˵ʲôʱСͿ˵֮ǰҵĲԣΪҺã˵Ļȴָ˺ʦһ
ԭ鰡̾һѹûзϡ
Сң˵һ⡣
ʲôһ£ʲô⡣
ɵ𣿡Сҿ˫峺һ˿
ǵģҵʲôءҿ۾ЦˣΪɶȻ⣬һΡ
ǾͺáС̾һȻ󿪿˵Ұһ£ӣ͵ѾȥˣԺȴǼۣȻҲ飬ҿԸоĳĺϲǼۡȥϴɣҰ㻻·
šҵ˵ͷ
СӹЩȥԡ濪ʼϴȥˣϴ裬С׼£˳СҰǼϽۻȥȻʼôʼҵͷ
ͷҿ԰ͷȻǵһ治֪ôءСЦſ˵
죬Цſ˵⼸̫æˣȥˣû뵽Ȼš
ʱСѾҰͷˣҰͷãȻǵڷȥһӰͷ̶סĿң˵ʱĺܻɣǲǱǹˣִ˵װͲʺ㣬۵ʱ·һˡ
Ц֪ӦôȥشС⣬ѵҪҺ˵ûҾŵתҺǧǰŵ곤һģһ
ЩϰԼͷϸоԼͷϵǸڻվȷǶŰѪбԼϣʼԼװ
ϽۺȷʵԼǰЩһˣƺһ˿ϣϽۺҵеŵͳͣ໥ӳϴһ˿ůĸо
ҷ˷ߵؾǰ棬žңҲˡ
׹Сղ˵ǻʲô˼ˣʱңĺǰȫ̫һˡ
ǰųĸоƺһӾʧˣǹһͦţ·޾оȻ¼Ǹһ
ҲˣƺǸ˲ңǶһԼ궼Ҫǣȥˡ
æһС˵˿װ𿴽װ⻻·ԼоԼǱһƵá
СҵĻҲɵһЦ˳˵İ㣬ˣɽˣǾ߰ɡ
һҲЦſ˵һû
ʲô飿С˵
Ҫһºë飬ڵʦӦ֪ë֪ˣԵĻϣܹҵһЩǼҿС˵
Сһ£ң˵ʦӦöǰˣҪȥܲҵʲô
ҵ˵ͷȻеСΪɽƵãԼȴҪԲŻֵģҲȻĸСһȥ鷿
鷿вܣϷŵĴ󲿷ֶһЩصĶһۿȥģžȻʥĸо
ͱСϣûб򿪹ɼСҲǺЩ֮ҪֻأΪЩʦ
һǸһ̣ͭһСһƷҿһ£ô벻Ϊʲô½ҪЩ
ǻƷӦòʲôӦǹ̺ͭСȽϡаɣҵעֱӱ̺ͭСȥˣ￴˰죬ҲûȻȴҲܸоڱʱ򣬵ͳ΢΢
ŰעתһƷ棬Ʒ£һɫëӻƷļз


202 
ɫë
ҵԺһӾ͸ֳ˺ëӰѵͺëʲôϵ
æǻƷȴʲôû֣ȥǸɫëʼ۲ϰҲûȻ
Сһ߰ĿоǺë
ַһЩƷ滹ûʲô̾˿òͶ˰ɡ
СЩûͷĬһ£˵ҪǻͷҰɣЩҲܲ
ҵ˵ͷҲֻˣǸɫëͻƷԼķϸоһ¡
ص󣬻ƴҲ˵Ͷɽ϶ʲôģȥаϹӦû㣬ôˣҲˣÿŪá
ҵ˵ͷ˵ģڵĵ֮Ƚϣ
ԣȰϽˣȻٰĶߣȥһطоܲҵ˿طܾǿȰѶߣ㿪ϣ򵥵ġƴɿ˵
ҵ˵ͷƴ˵ȷʵеڵҲܺӲӲϾ򲻴ù˵أʹʮ޼æҿɲܱ֤ϻ᲻۳֮
Ǿһ°ɣһ£ʵڲ۳ĻǾߡƴɿ˵
ãһǰѪУҲЩˣоԼֻһͿ۳ˣôŬһȥ
ͷǺɫģҹƶܸҼ׹ȥˡ
һֱյϣһǸоһֻһ̧ȾͿȥˣôŬȥ
ҴڶСһ뿪ʱ¥ºȻһ
֣һᣬһֱǰֽš
˰죬ҲûСȥţվȥ˭ţߵ¥µʱһţһܸоЩ̫Ծ˵һ˭
û˻Ӧңȴڼš
ôˣ˭
һ䣬ߵԱߣèۣ㿴ʲô档
èһͿһƬڣͺǱʲôסһ
˭ֽһ
û˻شʱҲЩˣæлƴɣƴҲ֪ô£ƽʱҽܹܿӦңҲôûκεķӳ
ʼÿһһᣬһһᡣ
һִè̽ȥ⿴ĻǺɵһƬЩˡ
˭ҽһ£ͣˣ
Ҵè⿴ڿԿĳˣʲôûãһƬհףҾɻˣղʲôû
ʲôղŶסèˣ
ѪУһνһƴɣƴɻûлӦҡ
⹷յģһؼʱ͵ӡ
Ѿܾûˣһ˿ɣʲô
ߵűߣĴ򿪸޺õĴţʲôûУһƬҹһ⼷˽Щ䡣
ڶɣ
һ䣬ȻְŸˣ»صȥĥô۵Ǵһˡ
ҵĻҲˣûֱ˵ߵèǰ棬մ濴أͿһɷ׵è۴˹۾λö׼èۡ
ȥ͸Ҫ͸è濴һ
ұⶫһӸŵ˼ţ˿ڿˮǿд濴ʱ򣬾ͺ͸ղһһƬɫˡ
ѵղ֮ûʲôǹè濴
ҧҧ࣬ԼҲǼˣʱôôء
ȻͷƤЩ飬һǿ˵˭ҹģ
ɻû˵ȴȻֹҧҧȥγѪУĥŹʲôװŪҿ϶ҪŪ
ѪУߵſڣֱһӴţһʲôûУҿҹУһӰֱӳһС·˽ȥ
ǸղǸŵˣ
һ£ҧҧȻѾˣǾȥûͷ
һЬӣֱ˳ŸղǵӰ뿪λó˹ȥС·С·ֻһ·Һ׾ҵ·ˣһֱ˳·ǰ׷ȥ
ò˵ϵɫе㰵Сıɽмģһ͸оΧ˲ˡ
ŲأͿһӰС·˳ȥ˴ӵ﹡棬һѾ׷ˣȥɣ
ֱӾ׷ȥܳȥҲһƬӰ﹡ɿıţҲһףܵٶȲ죬ǵۣرıŤȻ׷ϣ
﹡ܲͣĽţɵҹеëȻһֲֿĸо
׷ȻԼµʲôæȥȥԼĲȵһŻƷŻƷ£Ʒ߰ĻʲôҲ󶮣ʱԶһֽС
Ƕģæ׷˹ȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãұǹ﹡ɽÿҿ֧Ųȥʱ򣬾ܿǹ֣׷ȥ
׷һҷԽԽˣԭԿˣ
һ£͵ʲô
¾˵Ĺ棬ƺʦʧҲΪȻʦȥ׷Ҳûл
ڵر
ҸоԼĺëˣ


203 С
ʱҹɫҲԽԽŨҸоܵҲԽԽǹҲ֪ʲôʱ۷ˣɷ׵ң﷢ëȻ
ΡʱһϸС
͵һ飬ǻƴɵ̽˵ɣ
зӦˣƴһ˵һ仰
ʲôʱҲӦˣڸͲԼڵĵطԼȻ֪ܵһȫϤĵط
Ǹ֮ǰҶӵĹʱҲˣĵطƺֻһ˴ԭء
㻹أ֮ǰľһֱԾô㶼ûзӳƴɿ˵˿͸ħƵá
üͷ˵ҲӦˣҾЩƲסԼˡ
Ͷˣһİ취ܳƴ˵˵ҲüͷҲûΪʲôҪأ
ǣһ£˵Ҫҽӣ
ƴ£˵Ŀ꣬Ӧú෴ɽںë
ƴôһ˵ҳ׵ˣȥ
ҧҧջƴɵָʾԭ·񱼶ȥ»صʱÿһźۣŰ˴˳
˿ҺЦһȻһӵĶٵʧҹɫ֮У
Ҫ׷æѯʻƴɡ
ƴ˵׷֪ʲôǻȥ״ʲô˰ɣ
ҵ˵ͷæ˽ȥ鷿ȥܽ鷿Ҿע⵽鷿鱻˲٣Сʦɽﵹһûȫ鷿档
һСķȥһܵСſˣ÷ţܿСͳˣ˯£۾ЩԺôˡ
ҾͰѸղŵ˵һ飬˵ȥ鷿ʲô
С˵ͷæһ¥ȥ
鷿С˺ܶܣҲˣȻҳһ鵥ʼһ鿴
ſţСҲһ¡
æ˵ôˣ
ǸߵȫǹڷɽС򣬻ôСϣȫûжСüͷԼ鵥֪ʲô
һ£˵С򣿡
ҺȻ뿪½֮ǰҹңǧܴСȥСҲΪ֪Сطġ
ѵ黹Сϵˣ
С򡭡Сƺ˼ʲô˺һŻȻĿ˵˵᲻Ҫ󵼣ȥСҪĶ϶ûߡ
Сôһ˵ҲоԼéٿæСĶͷһڣʼ̨СʦЩ
ܵĻҾӦû鷿棬ղŲСң˵Ļһ嶯ֱӾȥСˡ
ǼҶ˲֪ٴˣ޼£ʲôûа
ʱƴɺȻ˵ˣղ뿪ǸˣܸоϢЩϤ
ʲôϢҿ˵
Ӧ֮ǰ޲ǸʬˣҵԼļˡƴüͷ˵
ʬˣţʮüͷţʮĸ˵ûʲôϡģԴӿʬҾ֪Բ϶ҵ취ġ
߶ҪȥСЩѰζˡ
ţʮǲطˣҲ˵εжǲط˼طȥС򣬻ǲȥѰҺëֵ
һֵȶ
˰ҲûȻʱƴɺȻ˵ȵȣл壬ֽ̣Һʲô
ʲôҿѯʵ
һȰЩֽȫˣȻڻֽȼյʱ򣬽ץסǸɫëȻҡл壬룬ӦþͿ԰ɫëڵλãйصĶҳƴɿ˵
˼˵ǸɫëĹؼ𣿡һ˵
ƴɵ˵ͷ˵ûдǵҺѰѰ˷ţô͸أԿ
ҵ˵ͷӿڴóǺɫëĻֽѺɫëֽץסȻѻƷﲻͣҡл塣
ҲͣԼ߶š
Ҳ֪˶ãЩƷҪʱ̻ĿʼˣͣתڻƷҪʱڰѷ
ƴЩ˷ܵĿ˵
ҲЩ˷ܣ˵ʲôʱ򣬻ƴɺȻ˵԰ǱŨС֮ذѵǺëС򣿡
һ£һӾȻ֪ȥ˵ʲôȽϺá
ƴɿɬЦЦ֪ţʮʲôϷˣװһȥСӣǲȥС򣬴ӶﵽȥСѰǺë䡣
ƴôһ˵ҲЩȻ
һȥ˷ԼĶͷ˵˵ǻⲻҪȥС𣿡
ƴɿ˵ǵģ
ҪȥС𣿡ȻƴɵСǿҵģҸղŲûֱͻƴɶԻѡ˵ʽ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ûҪȥСˣСĲܺһȥ˵ܴСһȥҽȥʱ䣬չ˺Сģ𣿡
Сȥ𣿡
еġҶС˵⿪գԶֻһ׸ӡ


204 С
˵ĻС̾һ˵ðɡ
죬ȥСԴ˵ɣҸطҵĳ˻ˣǣͲˣҴСһϵġ
С˵ͷЦſ˵ˣȥϢɣоһ¡
ȻЩᣬСתȥԼķ䣬鷿棬ĿѾֹͣת̣̾һŻƴɿ˵ֻȥСһСôǸҲ
ɵƴûĿ˵ֻ̣Ҫ׼һЩƷʱС棬ѰҺëͿˣҾֻҪҵǺëӦþͿӭжˡ
ƴ˵꣬Ҳ뵽ЩõĶ˵ǣ¾ʦɽʦȥѰëԵ޹ʵʧˣҵʱҵëĻ᲻Ҳͬ鰡
ƴҲ˶٣ȷһ⣬ʵӦҲǶĴڣʹëҲͬˣڵʵԻ¡
ƴôһ˵͸ûеˣҳĬһ£˵Сֲܲȥһ⡣
ɣһеĿʼڰ˱ģҪȥ˱壬˳;аԼʵĳ̶ȣƴɿ˵
ƴ˵꣬ҲɬЦЦ˵ˣȻţʮֹǰСҲ˵ͬҲǺëСʱǰ˱壬ôʱȫСʲô飬ҪҵĴ𰸸ٵ
˵Ҳеƴ˵ҲĬ
ֱ̫ˣôѡһĿ
ˣǾͶһѰɣֱȥС򣬿ܷܲʲôһ˵Ҳûа취еİ취ˣϾεٴζ˵ĻǸûһλˡ
ƴɵ˵ͷҪѳõİ취ǿֵľƣܲȻΣһ㣬Ұæδûнİ취
˽ҪҲ˲٣ϸ룬Ҿôľ棬ÿҲǻˣϣεͬҲһɡ
ȻôˣôھͳɣҪǸţʮȥ̫Ľȡƴɿ˵
ҵ˵ͷѷСĵĻͰϣСֱѪ߳˱űȥ
ݻƴ˵ģСﲻ̫ԶƬɽУֻҪСڣȻа취ҽȥġ
·ϵʱҲоϵȷе嶡壬ȻⶫȷЩ˷ѣ嶡ԤãֻҪҪҲҪͻƵľ嶡ʱҲܹоˡ
Ͼ·ţʮ϶Ҳ߹˵Ļ֡
ջƴɵʾ˲Сʱɽ·ŸоΧϢʼԽԽŨʹҵΪҲܹоΧЩŨĹ
ɽͷҿһƬڣЩֲٷĹ˸ˣһЩСʬʬҰһĻҵͷɵһ
ʱƴɿ˵ѾСˣĬ䣬סǰߣ
ΪʲôҸտʳͿһСЩͷÿСжһ˿ǵĽ⣬ž˸оֲ
Σأ飬£ƴɿ
æŻƴһԼĵĬ⾲ȻһǰߣסԼĺҲʼ
ЩСƺҲʲôһȻһֱҳ򣬽ɫеĺĿ⣬ž˸о־塣
Ҳ֪סǻƴɸЧһ·ȻЩСңȻûһҪҶֵġ
ߵһطʱ򣬻ƴɺȻѾﵽ޵ҿ˵
æƴĺоԼǰðǹ±ס˺
ҸղźʱЩҿСȫŴͣѪ淢صĽ
Сһ㣬ЩССˣһˣҪЩСȫȥƴɿ˵
ҵ˵ͷǰȥ
ʱЩСʲôȻʼмֻȻֱߵҸղźĵطһɵţȻȻҵ
ͣ䣬Ҫˣƴæ˵
æʼŻƴ˾䣬ЩСһֻȻֱҵ壬ҵļϣҵĲӲͣʲô
ԽԽСҵϡ
ҿʼо־ѵǷʲô
ô죿ŵæ˵
ȰɣǵˣʲôƴҲЩ̫ȷĿ˵
ʱҵĺѾﵽ˼ޣԼоԼͨ죬ΧЩСȴԽԽ
סס
ҲͣԼԼǰѣθȴҿʼֲסˡ
ҿҪʱһʼϵС֪˵ʲôҵԶȥ
ЩϵСҲʼһֻֻĴҵԶȥ
һһڱŵ̲ס˳ȥ
ãƴɴһ
Щ뿪СҲŵѪȵһ㣬ĶңеĽⲻͣ˸ŷ˵ɣ
ܣƴɵǻҡ


205 
ƴɻ䣬Ҿƴһţһ߿˵Щʲô֮ǰûиⶫ
ϴʱСûôడƴЩĿڻش
ϴʲôʱġһţһѪŪɳȥһͷҪ˵ϵС
䣡ƴɿڻش
ɣһƴɣں˵ⲻڳ䲻
Ϊ׷ſܣҲܹɽͷЩСҲ׷ᣬֻжʮ׵ľ룬һͷһܹ׷ǰЩСݡ
ŵҸƴǰţǿ־壬֪ҪǱЩС׷ϣҷǵɣ
ܿҷ֣ҷĹɽͷЩ׷ҵСҲû׷ˣͺɽͷϻһߣֻҪԽߣЩСͲǰˡ
ЩС׷һվԭزͣĴŴղǼ׳̵ٶȱܣҪҸŪöˡ
ںòиһһĻᣬȻŹ
ЩСȫɽͷϣĶң׹⣬ͣĶ
ǲҹ
ʱҲ׵˳Żƴɿ˵ô׷ˣ
ƴɿɬЦЦ˵ϴĹʱЩɽΪʲô׷
˼ǣǰ滹иֲĹѾЩСŲ׷𣿡
ǰɡƴɿɬЦЦ˵ϴʱﻹǺƽģһУôȥˣĶѾȫҵ󣬹֪ǰʲô
ҪôܽСأϾСǾסĵطȥӦûô򵥣ͺͽһܴܲͽȥɡҿ˵
ȻǣֻҪҵع˾Ϳˣʱع˾ڹеׯ棬ǲǴڶȷˡƴ̾һڵ̫ˣ˭ıĸ֣
عˣʲôҿѯʵ
عˣ˼壬ػײĵˣҪǰС϶ǲܳȥģֻԼĻǽȥСԾҪΪԼһȫĵططôܻаȫĵطһͷСǰСʱ򣬰ӸռȥˣԾ͵ҵعˣУ壬ԼǰС򡣡ƴɿ˵
˵Ҳˣ˵ǽȥ᲻Լ̬
ⲻܣƴֱӷҵ۵㣬˵Ѿŵĵͳ϶ΪһˣҲ˵ҵĻѾ޷ˡ
ƴôһ˵ҲЩʧ̾һ˵ĺˣһҵ취㸴ġ
šƴɿ˵
Ұջƴָ·һĳǰ̽ţ˵ʱʱһׯҵع˵ģǸع˿ܻׯ档
ܿ죬߹ߵС·ȻɭĹЩ̫Ӧ·Ǻܳ·ҾͿһɫССŨ֮еģԶԶĿȥȻһëȻɭо
û뵽ƴʱȻ˵涼ѾЩ˷ˣоȻڣ
УҲǻƴǵڶ˵йеĵطˡ
ţνУһЩЩѧ˾ۼһĵطֵطһ㶼ܹҵõĵطҲ࣬˽ģȫӦֻоŴУһƴɿ˵
ѧˣǾۼʲôҿѯʵ
ƴûĿ˵ۼﻹܸȻǽҩľ飬ԼС󷨣ɰۣһЩصܣֻҪǺѧܳϹϵģֻ߾ˣ̾ȫۼ
ҵ˵ͷ˵Ҳ˵ֻҪõĶ潻
ƴɿ˵ûҪɱɽϹֻҪǮвæġ
ʲôزɣԽԽӽУҲЩ㱣ֹϵĵطһ㶼ԼĹأһǵĹأҪĲˡ
أƴЦһΨһĹؾûйأֻҪʵǿֱӶᱦɱˣû˻㡣
ôңҲʱƴɺȻ˵˵һء
ʲôأæ˵
һеˣҪԼĸ첲ӡǣĻǲܹϮһһֻȥУһôϵӡǾͻῪʼĻˡƴɿ˵
ҵʲôأԭЦЦǰȥ
ܿ죬Ҿ͵˹ǰ·ڣԶˣһܿһЩеߵǰʱ򣬳һƬŨȴʲôˣܿҲֻɵһƬ
̧˽ţȥʱ򣬻ƴɿ˵һʱ䣬ǧҪ˵ԼҲ֪Ϳˡ
Ϊʲôҿ˵
һЩջˣһشʱ䣬ôǸʱ֮ʱԽȥммǣҪ˵ʱ䡣ƴһٶ
ҵ˵ͷ֪ˡ
ȴ²ۣȻƴ˵Ĺûʲô򣬵һȦֹǲٵġ
Ҽǰߵʱ򣬺ȻоԼĺһ䣬æתȥͿҸղɽ£վһŮӣŮӵĳҪ䵽ˣŲ԰׵Ķҡ
գգۣǰŮȴȻʧˡ


206 ۽
ҴĿſһ˵·ڣŻƴɿ˵ɣǸղźվŸŮˡ
ִ˰ɡƴɿ˵ʲôûо
ҳֻþˣЩɻüͷתͷȻתȥֻʲôûУͺղǸŮ˸Ͳһ
Ҳһ֮ǰų亹ҲЩȻǱŶˣ涼Ѿʼֻþˡ
ʱѾߵ˹ǰˣ˵һ򣬲˵һǣΧһǽղڸߴûֻ˳ǽĽߵſˣſ˳ǽһȿŵĴţƴҲһ̾ףô£ô˲ڣ
ʲôˣæѯʵ
첲ӡǵˡƴɿ˵˹ˣ˵е·ڣ϶ڵİ
üͷиòǻķ˰ɣҪȥ𣿡
ȥɡƴɿ˵ϾͨСׯҲ档
ҵ˵ͷͳŹ˽ȥ
߽ȥҲȷҸղŵõĽۣ澹ȻûˣҽȥҲߵĽֵϲһ̣С׭дĵзֽ꣬ɰ꣬ر֮ĵ档
Щ̵Ĵȫţ̶ûС
һƴҲ˵ЩԾк֮ǰʱûʲô̫ı仯ȫˡ
ѵлķˣҿ˵
Ҳûƴɶ˶٣˵ҵׯɣطĹʵ̫ˣҶЩסˡôȥֻѡţ͵ͳѡʱںϣȻϵĹ̫Ũţͷꡣ
ţҵ˵ͷջƴɵָʾȥǸׯ
ϰ죬ҲûҵǸׯҵ˻ƴ˵ǸׯҲˣΪǵطͲʲôׯһһɫľŵĸۡۡëʴд˰׸֡Ҳ˵طѾׯˣǱһհ׵˰Լĸۡˣ
⵽ʲôô˰׸ҿѯʵ
ƴһ£˵ҲطͨСΨһڣҪǽȥ
£Ȼ￴⸮ۡЩһҧ˵ͷ˵ԡ
Сĵ㣬嶡Ȼûʲôãٿ㡣ƴɿ˵
ҵ˵ͷ˸ӡ嶡˳о嶡˲ٶȥŷĵĳǰ׸˹ȥ
ߵ׸ſڵʱȥ׸ĴţоģȻְԼĶȥ浽ʲô
ûȥͻȻͱˣһ˼
Ǳվżŵ۵ˣһˣ⼸˿ҵҲЩ裬Ǹˣüͷңۣɽλǰ
һ£ˣĥҪ˵ʲôʱ򣬻ƴɺȻ˵ȫ̵ģסǣȱ˵ԼݣһĿġ
ҿ˿ȣ˵ƶ˴ǰУҪҪ죬Բ㹫Լ֣ǣΪΣ⣬ϴʱڣΪοһˡ
֪ǰϴǺʱҲ˵˵ɫҲЩ˵
䡣ҲɫĿ˵
䣿ʲôʱ򣿡˴ŵĳЩɻĿڻش
ҵĻһٴζҰ˰ݣȫ̵ӻǰ˴ǰֻҪȥС⼸ץֻСˡУ֮ûˣǻҪൽʮǰǼȥ
ʮǰһ£ʵʮǰ£ʹټĹ̺
˵ʮǰ˸ˣ˶϶ǿŹеĴɽһʮ׸ߵ۵Ľ࣬Ǻʱеˣ˲֪Щ޵ѵ䵱ɽЩдڵʱɱҪöˣԵʱȫ䳰ȷʱǺЦЦ˵ɽ۵ķ࣬ǵΣ˵ʱǻЦЦ˵ʱе˶˵УԣǺЦЦ˵۽࣬Ǳ㽫óΣûУڳһѲ񽣡
ֵۣʱҺȻ˰棬֮ǰ߹Źʱ򣬰Ĺ˵ԼۣѵǸ˾
ؼǣ⸮ۡǽа׸ĪɣæʵȻأ
Ȼôǲ񽣵ջ£˶Ӧɽڳһʮ׸ߵ۽࣬ǿǴİʮ׸ߣֵ֪Ǯ˵˵Ҳһ˵ٺЩ˶УҲͳ
ܰɣǻԹԵóУüͷɻ
ȻܹԹԵó˵ʱҲһ˿һһնɱˣ󳹵׽зûһֻܽʮǰһ䵱ɽײŽУӡ
Ϊʲô˿أɻĿѯʵ
Ϊûô𣿡Ц֮󣬷Ǹ˻е˶û£￪꣬ôһʼЩи˲һλȫ̫ϳϵȥû˸ꡣ


207 Ƥ
ôһ˵Щ˹ҲЩ棬浽ʲô֪Ϊʲô֮ǰ˵ģҪСС򣬶Сǰһ˸Ҳ׳͸ҵġ
ѵСԭСйأ
ʮǰѵСĴʮǰѾ
һ˼ʱǻҲҿ˵ǰѵ۶ˣ
Цһû˵û˵ǣҲû˵ǡ
ˣѹǰ׷ͯգгɣնʬľ翴ǰѾʼȾָˡǻЩĽĿ˵ϾǰҲĴܡ
ûȻ˵꣬ҾͰ˰֣޹Լ£ĪҪʡ
˵Ҿͱ߽˰׸Щ𾴵õһߣЩӿҶһ˿η֮⡣
ЦЦȻΪһˣͱҪи˵ƢҪСģ±֣˵ھͱǻˡ
طǰׯҼǵ֮ǰȥСҪׯҵףȥСġҲɫĿ˵
ǰ֪طǰȷһׯǺ˵ķˮɱԭعˣׯˣ׸˵׸ȴͨСİ취
Ŷʲô취˵˵ºȻٲôұֹĿ˵
ȴˣƴɣɶôͷûôⲻˣ𣿡
ĺˣ㴫㼦ëƤСʽ͹ȥŪСˡƴƶĿ˵
ǰæӦ£ﻹҪô֮˵һ⣬Цſ˵
ǰӦҲһգһ꣬һգ±һꡣ˵
˵ʱҲǵ˵ͷ˵û
׸Уһ֮Ϊ궦Ч˵Ǻײ࣬ȴҪĶֻ࣬ҪԼϵָѪĨ궦֮ϣ궦ȻǻὫ˵ĻȥСؼǣ궦ǽһգһŪ׼ˣֻҪ궦ȥģٻҲǼʱ䣬ʱҪҪعҲν˵
ԭˣȥ궦ɡҵ˵ͷ˵ĩˣһ䣬ôȻǲģ
̰ľٴһ£Щӿ˵ţҴǰȥ궦
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ǻҳߣܿǾһܴĴŽȥһ޴㶦ڷм䡣
㶦ͭģصͭɫһֳǵĸоҿ㶦һ뿪˵Щʲôʱ򣬺Ȼһҽ
Ǵ֮ǰЩѧķ򷢳ġ
ʲôˣ˹ȥҲæһ˳ȥ
ǸܵǸطͿصѪбŵһ԰׵ļʿһ£˵ⷢʲô飿
ղţղţһŮЩ֧֧˵ȻЩɵˡ
Ůӵĵ۶ЩʪۣǸղֱӱˡ
ʱҲ˵˵
һȺŵе㻨ʧɫĵкܿվһȽĵӣŻ˵ʦ㣬ȴһŮӣֱӹеĲӣӲİѶʦܵƤֱӳ˳
˵ָָ꣬ǰһ··ȴѾѪʬ壬˵
ƤˣüͷҲ̫аһɣƤˣһһ£ȴ˵Ƥ·ֱӰˣ
ȥƴɿ˵
ҵ˵ͷʬȥһţһ߿˵ǰŮӣ˵òҸղڹ·ڿǸŮ˰ɣ˵ǻþǸ
˻ƴһȻ󿪿˵пǣȥɡ
ҾͳǶеʬ߹ȥʱҲ˹˵ǰĪʲôزɣǰΪбϵɽ»Ҳǡ
ȿҲûֱӴӦüͷʬ壬ʱƴɺȻ˵˵Ƥֱӱ˴ԴӲģõצ
צһ£еԴȻѪܵԴϿץۡ
֣һҲ˵ųֵ𣿡
ҲһЩõʵͬҲóצҪƤһûɶãƤⶫڹֵȴܷӳܶЧƴɿ˵
üͷԼ°ͣ˼˵
ҿƴɺֱ˵Ŀ˵
ʱһֱĬ˼״̬ǻҲ˵֪ǰкμ⣿
Լ°ͣ˵ҲⶫҲȻֻ֪һ飬ǾƤǱ˴ͷƤץסֱӲġ
ôһ˵ҲŶеʬ忴ȥ鲻Խһ˵Ǻˣ˲̡
ҲȻ鲢ôǹܻץһΧһȦվãǧпɳ֮
ţ˵ͷͷԸһΧһԲȦ
ŮӾվԱߣϸһžŵһɵζҲɵÿһۣŮϾǺΣȻҲ֪ԼղűŵӵľٶЩ̫á
ҿȥʱҲȻŮӵɫȻúܽȻֱӴͷʼѿֻһ˲䣬ֱӱ³ȥһƤ
ֻ԰׵۾Ķҡ
æ濴ȥÿһֳֻһƤ˵


208 ҹ
ޥ磡Ľһ䣬Ǳߡ
ǸҲڽһ䣬ʦã
ǵƤޥھһʼĳźֱӿʼŷѪΪվԱߵԵʣҵҲѪ۾ǰһĻһЩӳ
ޥ̱ܿڵˣһȺʶĺһޱ𾪵ĶŻƴɿ˵ô£ǹôܴӵֱӳƤ
Ҳ֪ԸоĵΪǿղһ˲䣬Ҷûзĳֱ֣㿴ֻ֣Ҳѹ֮ǰ·ڵʱ㿴ȴûпƴһ˵
Ҳüͷܹĳʲô𣿻˵ҪЩƤʲôã
֪ƴЩɬ̾һ˵Ҫ֪Ļʱﻹôð취ȥˣ
ǰʱң˵
ھ۾ƴ˵һûӦæֽһſ˵
ǣЩСĿѯʵ
ҿɬЦЦҲ֪Ҵûмⶫ
Ӧôźã˵
üͷİҵɽϹˣʱȻΪô
ôұסԼǲˡ취أڶ
ʱһǲ¶ӵģ죬֪ռƤʲôãܵĻһ뿪ɣطЩŹ֡
ǡҪ˵Щʲô
ȴһۣ˵ʲôʲôԼҪֻ˵ǵã˹û飬ƫƫֵʱ顣
߰ɡҽһʱҲЩôһӰȥٵĹҪҵʲôȥԸⶫʵЩ̫ˣҪΣտ϶ܴ
Ȼȥ궦ȥС򣬿ֻҪһʱ䣬ͿԻˣҸղſǹƤȥḶֻ́ӣͿֱӰһ˵Ƥˡ
ȻЩòҵô֮һҧҧôߡ
һͷЩҲһ鳯ȥһδѧˣ֪ͷȥԼĽˣϾղޥǱֱӴӵƤˣֻҪŵ棬Ӧڷֻ֮ǰ˳Ķ㿪ġ
һȺ˸ߵʱ򣬾ͷЩԾˣΪ߳ȥԭֻһŨĹʱȻ·𶼿Ҫʵʿһ
ƴɼ״æ˵ˣʵ̫ŨˣҪٱ״̬ţͷܿҪˣҵó˯ȥˣȫˣ
𶺣Ҹ˵һ䣬ƴɾûˣȻֱѡ͵ͳںˣܿЩ
û˻ƴɵİԭûе׵ʱҲøûеˣΧʲôҸой
ܲͣɣ֪ᷢʲô飬Ҽӿ˽ŲȥЩȫ̵Ҳһӿȥ
Ļڣ˵϶ŨĿ־壬ȻղͻȻ˸ŵòᡣ
һ߳˹УҲ֪˭˵һ仰Ů˺վڳǽϿǡ
һ˵ȫתͷȥųǽ˹ȥȻһŰµŮվڳǽϣŲ԰׵ͣǣԴҲʼתȻֱתһȦʼЦ
ЦɽֵҹﲻͣǻԵøӵĿɲ˶ĿͺԼĻǱһ
ʱһӺȻ˵ʲô
ǵ˵ʱҲ˳ǵӿ˹ȥͿӴӵһȥǲĶõϣǵӾЩ㵵Ŀ˵˹ˣⲼôôͷ
ͷǵ˹ȥһЩʲôͷһĺë
ⶫͺëйأ
Ǻɫëüͷʱæ˵ʲôзǰʶë𣿡
û´ĻЩëӦ֮ǰһϵģٸȫûаնԸüͷ˵
˻ǰûа취ԸǵöֲĹаЩֵĿ˵
ȴɬЦЦ˵ҲֻѡˣŮҲر֣Ů׷Ƕ֣ȫСĵ㣬ٿŮ˵ĻԼܵʱҲһ´ң
ã
ã
һĺҲİ˲١
Ҳǵս
ʱȻ˵ˣǰڼˣ賿Ӧǿ˳߳ģϾ賿ĵһ⣬ڹ˵ɱΪǿ󡣡
һԼֱ죬뿪ںͻ˵ʱ䣬Ȼ֮ǰƴɺ˵ģ˹к˭ѯʱ䣬ҶûҪᡣ
üͷŻѵǹˣ
ȴɶҲû˵æ˵ҵıе㻵ˣǿԿʱģ໹СʱҪˣֻҪСʱͿֱӻȥˡ
СʱȴûҵĽ䱸һüͷ˵СʱҲ̫һɣǸûʲôϣ
ڻ˵仰󣬺Ȼӵһֻ԰׵Ůֱ֣ץסŵĽ
æųǽǱ߿˹ȥȴָղŻվǸŮѾˣ
Сģæһ䡣
ȴϵƤѾʼѿˣ¶Ѫ졣


209 ȫû
һѿ˿ڿʼѪҺĳһ˲䣬ֱѸٵķֳƬһһƤֱӱȥǹһĿ֮ɱһˡ
ֻĿɱһһˣԼȴ־񣬺޵ֿ֮⣡
ڿеӿʼסѹˣ
ɫҲ̫ãϾȫĵӣܹӣһʣҲŵòᣬָܻܲųȥء
ȥаȫҪﲻɣһ˿־
ŶҿһۻЦſ˵Īа취𣿡
ûУǰһæ˵
ʲô졣
ȥǹƴˣȻ֪пܻȴҲһʱ䣬ǰҰҵЩӶȥͻȫ̿𣿡ҹ˵ľͷ
̾һԼװװˣʲô鶼ûȻɽˣ
ҿŹǰĻ˵Ҳܱ֤ܷĵӴȥҿԱ֤Ҿ뿪
лٴνԼԴһĵףлǰʴȣ
˵ֱӴӵվγһľ󲽳Źȥ
ʦʣʱҲг
ȻҲ뿴Żôȥ
ɬЦЦ˵ͽǣǰˣΪʦһˣĪĪ
ʦٴЩҵĿ˵
Ŀ˻һۣ˵ʵﻹͦģȷ˵һʦΪԼѧ
ҶЩ˺ѷεĵʿ˵ˣҲʦˣ߰ɣҪ˷һƬģ
ʿһʼЩᣬǸһԭ·ȥ
һҾһߡ
ҿʿסԼͣԼ޳첽һǰȥ
һޱȹĿЦǸ·ĹȻЦ
ҸоԼЩëȻʿҲŵòᣬһȥ
óһʱǹûгˣһСʱߵɽͷһɽͷҾЩˣɽͷǱΧСЩСĶϿҪ߹ȥǣƺֻҪǰһǾͻᶯһ
ǰô죿һʿЩŵĿҡ
һ룬֪Ӧô죬ǰǿУ׷ľƣô죿
ҿЩСҧҧ˵һ·Ӧûһ·ȥģ
ãʱҷ·Сʿľһ㣬˵ʲôǶ
˾Ǽ˸Ͻһ·ɽȥȻ֪·ܲͨȥʱֻôһ·ˣʲô취
ǸûãʹһЦƺڳǸܲ
ҧҧӲͷƤСʿ˵ɣԸܣ
ǰǲ֪·һСʿ˵
Ҫ֪·ֻҪ˳·ȥһҪˣЩСӦþʧˣǵʱǸܾͿˣҶСʿ˵
лǰСʿǾһæתˡ
ʱҲѪУĶΧ³һֱֻ֣ӰҵƤȥһ˺һҲûǹҲЩԻ
ԻʱһӰֱӴҵӹСʿӿȥٵĳСʿܵķ׷˹ȥ
׷ʱ򣬺ҹҲʼ䵭ɫתΪɫҴ߲ܵѪʬǰʱճױһֳ߹ڿУɢ⣬Ʋӳһɹĸо
ˣСʿҲˣ
Ҳ˵һˣĹ棬ȫһɶһˡ
죬̾һȻǰ¹ΪʲôңȥСʿȻһˣ˵ҵȽϺá
ֱӳԭ·ȥ»صɽϵʱԭЩΧɽϵСʱҲʧˣһ
ʱƴɵҲ˹ˡ
ˣƴɵԭоѹңʱҲһ
ţڹǺŨѹˡƴɿ˵ôֻˣ
֮ǰǸƤĹô죿ȻȥǼС򣿡ҿɻ
Ȼȥɡƴɿ˵ʧܾʧڲλȥǶ׼һ㶫ȻٹһΡ
ҵ˵ͷ׸Ȼǰĵ̣ţʮ߲طҲʲôȻ֪Ϊʲôطһţ⵹Ҳǰһæ
ţȻȥɡƴɿ˵ܱȰҪǿ
ٴλصɽͷʱ򣬿һƬƬķĹҲһ̫ûڰˣЩĹһֲֿ档
ʱҺȻһӰһĹǰ棬ӰȻ֮ǰǸŮӡ
ǰŮվŵĹǰ棬żŵƤƺҲע⵽ҷˣŮЦһֱʧˡ
ףƴʱҲһ¡
ʲôҿԻ
û£ҵĴɣܸоǰŮӵϢЩϤƴɿ˵
ҪȥǸĹ𣿼ȻǶƤȥĹǰӦҲĿģ񲢲ҳ֡̽ſѯʵ


210 Ϲ
ȷ𣿡ƴЩɻĿѯʵ
ҵ˵ͷͰǰŮӷŹңȥ׷Ǽȫ̵ӵ˵˳
ƴƿڴɵɱֵǮˣ㾹ȻԼȥʱ䣬Ҫ㣬ҾͰǶȥʱ䣬Լȥˡ
ҿɬЦЦѾǿԼȥѪˣǲС
㰡ƴҲ֪Ӧô˵ˣ̾һǰŮӲϮ㣬ҲЩΣȥҲûʲô
õƴɵĿ϶ҲǰƤĹ˹ȥ߽˺󣬾ŵһޱŨѪζӦЩƤġ
ߵĹǰҲĹϿ̵ˡ
ܻ֮Ĺܻ˭
˺һҲûܻ˭
͸ɻˣѵǸŮӾǲܻ
ҲûʲôϵΪʲôŹһأ
ҿĹû׹ô¡
ʱƴɿ˵ˣûʲôĻ͸ϽȥطԽԽоˣǳŨĹȻǸİŮӣлǸ۰йϵ϶¡
ҵ˵ͷҲ뿪ƬڣһȻʲôӿڴó֮ǰ·ϼ񵽵ĺë˵ԵǶʱҺҵһЩëټ
˵϶⣬ҲС벻ϵƴɿ˵ǵľǶԵġ
šҿ첽ĳɽȥȻж˵ʧˣҲѾȷСȷǺͺëйأֻҪŪŮӵ飬ҽͿǰСȥѰҺëֵˡ
˲һСʱɡ
ǵСı¥£ûҽȥƴɾͿ˵һ£ˣ
ˣһ£ͣס˽Ų˵˭
˳䡣ƴɺܿŪһͽӡַҵ˵ͷٵĽӡܿ죬ӡͽˣҸоԼȻޱȵ
æ۾۾ȥ
Ҳ˹˵СѾͷȥˣҾͷߣҲԶ֪Ϣ͸¶ҵģ
һһ£ϤʶľҪߣȴƴֹˣȱ嶯ʱȥԾ˵ֻлûкôֻҪûйϢҲСôʱҪóóȻȥĻ϶£
Ӧô죿һæ˵
ƴɳһ˵ȻΪƴӦûǿ԰ʮ޼óģʮ޼ķţûƷ󷨸ڳ
ҵ˵ͷһ߰ţһ˳űĶ
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С֣ңϹֱӴ¥ϵķһվǰȻܾûмˣǹͺͺͼһԴȴûб仯
ҿϹЦſ˵ϸ㣬ҿɽŵʦתô㶼ʦүСʲô
ļһϹңݺݵĿ˵


211 ծ
һ۾ǰϹղһţֱӰ¥ˣվǰʱоѹȻѹܴɻЩɫ
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Ըɽĵӣõİ취ֱСľͯǵĳǾ׸ˡ
ȴ޷Ӧһ£ԭأŻƴɿ˵ʲôΪʲôٻСˣ
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һ£æȴʲôûз֣ԭڷСӡǵλʱնģҵһӳȵˣһ˵ɣʲôΪʲôСĲˣ
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ôںһʿ𣿡ϹңЦһ£ָɽֱӳָ˹
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Сħ䣿ʱϹҲӦС־ȻõСħ䣿
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С֣ңȻɽŹģϹͼԼϵĺɫһ߻вҡ
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ҲûмϹˣһع˾˼ڤס
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ģǿԴѣθУһϹ˵
ǧȷǧȷϹΪҶˣæ˵
ʱҲڻˣʹȥҶϹЦЦģҶⲢȤ
ַ޳СˣҺɣҷһԸ˾ң
һ£һ֮ǰɽҵ裡
˵ֱָӳǰһһɫĻϹĽŵӿ˳۵Ϲͣš
ҵȴԽԽ䣬Ϲյʱһһɫ֣һ£һ֮ǰ׷ɱҵģ
һ£һвС׵ģ˵Ϲͷ۳һŵĺɫ档
Щɫĳ֣ҲоԼԽԽˡ
ϹʱҲˣЩɫԼڻ棬ͣİҽУ
ȴûᣬǶǾӾһЩɫֻƤ֮ʹ˻ɢǵعλү
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ԭĺɫҲȥʣѾһڵϵϹҵȫ󷨷ӳӦеϹȻûֱӱعؿڻڲͣ
ҪվȴԼһָͷûˣڵ״̬ϹҲò˶١
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ҧҧ֪ʱҪԼƴˣҲҪһȥɱϹʱһְֻҵļϣһ£СҲһ£ɵĿǸˡ
𡭡Ҹ뿪˵ʲôȴԼ˵һûǼһؿˡ
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ΪʲôŻƴ𾪵æѯʵ
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213 
ƴһ˵ҲЩ׹ȷˣСĺͨС̫һСףֻ仰⻹ǵСܾãſԣʱһãˣСľͲһ˵˵ޱȵ鶯ʮ㡣
ȻǣСƽʱʲôӲûԼ˼룬СĲһȥͺͨСһģһʦүʱҲһۿСģֱӸСķˡ
ּСȷʵͨСֻǰûнӴСԶЩ̫˽ˡ
׹Ҳ׵ˣ뿪˵ЩʲôҲ˵⣬뿪ɽС˺ЩڽӵСĺĵһ£ӦþͻˣϾСĵˣỳǹСĵˣҪС򣬻Ҫͷ˵
Ÿ磬˵Ӧô죿
ɨһۣ˵ѰҺëֵ𣿡
ҵ˵ͷ˵Եġ
ëֵ飬ҲǺ˽⣬Ҳûв֮Уֻǵ걻ˣڻŵֻвط滹ˣҪ֪ѡ˵󣬿˵ҪҲӦõ鲻ʲôġ
ôһ˵ҲЩ̾һܱܲǵɵһŪڹ֮ɡ
ʵ翪˵ֻҪʵˣ˭㣬ֻҪڶ֮ǰԼʵȥȻͿƾˣֻ߲ŻҪȥƱˣǿߴһʮ۵ģǿᵽһ̶ȵʱ򣬱㶼ҡҪɱ˭ֱһ仰Ϳɱˣıʲôã
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ҳɳʱ򣬹֪ǲڳɳ
οǰ滹һ˼ǧ֪꣬ƶϹ档
ڵľ棬Ҳȥ˽ĻֻԼǡ
ҲƺҵģЦëСɽҲУһԺһȥɽҰҵࡣ
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С󣬸ҲԼת˹ȥӳ濴ȥƺſķ羰һ˶ĳĿڶС
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һҰ˵ģ㵽ʱֻܹȥͿˡ˵ҰµݸС󣬴ӿڴóֻһ绰裬绰ܿͱͨˣӵ绰ͷ˹ι
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ˣСң˵
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ЦһҪĶֻҪܹõǶһжһˡ
һˣŸ磬֪˵ʲô˼
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ˣɽ֪˵ģɽ̫ϳǺǲ̫ϲҴڣһɽɱңôóóȻɽ᲻ⰡҺȻɽ˵
֮ǰǺ˵𣿡˵죬еƺҪɱľˣһ£ΪԼԷ𣿡
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214 
ǾֵˣҺ͸ȥɽҪҵĶҪȥѰҺë䣬Ȼ˳һѹһɽ̫ϳЩŵ档
Сǰ׳ǡ
ǵڶ쵽Ĺݣ˵ʵҺ͸˼ֱǾˣһ˴ɫĺһϽɫĵۣһѩɫͷһɫӣڻʱ򣬲䶯
ϻͷʸߴٷ֮һ٣ʹҵĺƤ̶ȣҲЩΣһԵСôΣҲɵЦ˳
ȴʲô鶼ûУ·Ͼֻһһ
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˵ҲһشʲôֱˣߺСҲ˵ǻʱˣЦЦ˵ҲŶͷ
ֻһɵﱻ˵ӿˣҿԼдŵַôѾдõģѵ׼ⶫߵģ
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뵽⣬ҲоЩ̫ܣʲôˣôָܿ߰
ȥˡ
ںֵ˲Сʱ˵ӿ˺ܾãǵ˵ǻʱˣϷɻʱǿս㿴ҺҲˣ֪ӦýʲôȻ˵˾件ӭ
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ڷɻϣ˿ҲͿһңһ·ɻʱһҪһͨ·Ȼ̫ӵˡ
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ɶһûףСŮ˵
СŮЦ϶COSPLAYģȻ˭ΪЧԼͷȾ˰ͷCOSPLAYľֻзԼͷȾˡܲǷɣûôʡͦģӵʵأûǧѿǮ²
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ҵ˵ͷ˵һӻ˭ͿԿ϶Ƕ磬Ĵˡ
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ҿƬûİ£ֻܿĳһŴζƬƬдŵͺ֣ҲɵЩЦСŮĿʲôһȫɢഺϢСŮȴ˸ô۵֣ȷЩ
ҲİԼеͺˡ
ܿ죬ɻ͵ϲˣϲͺӻͣĸҴƣʾҵ֮ϵ
ȻϺǺͰȴƵãʶķԼĽŲͺӵĺ棬ҵ뿴龫ֵСŮ«浽ʲôҩ
ЩҵԤϣΪӻȥͺֱӾȥ˻ͣûӻ£ͺӱı˴͡
Ҳöһ²һ±ȽϺã˰ɣԼðźƬһԵͰ档
ʵϣܾ֮Ҳ֪һҰƬԼ˶ٵԩ·
һĺͺϵĻͲᱻʺŪôӣҲᷢչ·ˡ
ƬҲЦЦʵ˵ɣûʲôӦĶ׷Ұ
ûаƴɿ˵ҿƬƬҲѾ㶪ˣӦûʲôˡ
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ҵ˵ͷӹԿףҲֱӴ򿪳ţϳͿҸհѳӿʱҵֻˣһ£óֻһǸ緢Ķš
˸ˣĻǧҪߣ


215 ¶
ζŰҸһҿţһӲ֪ԼӦôˣ粻Ϲ˵ҲϹƭˣҲ˵ŵģĲܸźߡ
ǰ֮ҲɵһûǴĻƺĿľҪŵ긴ŵ긴ζҵҪȥ
һ뵽⣬תͷȥһۺúЦ绨Ŀң˵ôˣ
ûûЩεĳ˳ԼǣһӲ֪ԼӦôȥͺ˵Ѳȥ˵ղŸҷˣǧҪӽ
Цղ㷢İɡ
ˣҽŵһڿˮɫҲŵɷɷ׵ģ𿴵Ц˵ưŵãҲ£ҲôģˣҾͰ㻹⣬һڵգҸ㽲Цɡ
ȫͬյĺҲЩˣǰЦ绨ŮˣǺҲɵõ˵ͷ˵ʲôЦ
֪Ϊʲôһϲ𣿡Цſ˵ӭ洵ķ罫ĳɢ俪һ
ҡҡͷ
Ϊ£һвƿصĶڷɻϣ޷ƿԼķʲôҲûа취ȥʲô׼ȷ˵һָߡЦſ˵
ôһ˵ҲЩЦɣ֮ǰڲ¸Ϊָߣһֱûɻڱôһ˵
ЦҲֳպ˲٣ȴ֪ôģĿųһԼ°ͣ۾ңķ·ܹγˮһ
Ҳ֪ĿĵϲϹţķܳЩˣҺͺڳϵ˸ˣһ·ϻͷǸܸܵġ
һ̵ǰ̵Ƶʱ򣬺Ȼ˵֪𣿶˵ÿҵһο㣬ȷʵͦÿġ
ôһ˵ҵ͵һͣһ£תͷȥźЩεĿ˵ұͺܺÿ𣿡
ûôĬЦϸ룬ȴֲôûôĬ
֪˵Ǹŵ꣬һӲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˡ
˵ӻ濴ʱ˵ʵһһ˲䣬Ϊϧʼգ˰ˡ
Ҳ֪ӦôӻΪҽҪߵ·ͺߵ·Ȼͬڵľٶ˵һĶɱػǧĸҲΪ
ʱʱڹˣҰѳ˳ȥһ߿ţһ߿˵Ǹ
㲻ҪҵǸʵϣӦõǸҲŶԡɬЦˣܲʮȫʮʵӦˣһжԼڳԼĿˡ
˵пزϻ£һ·ߣȥɡ
ҿ·ߣ˵ͷ˵֪ˡ
Ҳˡϣ˵һħô꣬ڴ߳ˣҲ֪Ǻǻ
û˵ǸңʱѡĬõģһŮߣҪĲȥȰ⣬߰οʲôģֻҪһư͵ߣ͹ˡ
ǲǾҺɵôùȥˣŲ£Ȼ˵
ҵ˵ͷҡҡͷҲ֪ңҿҲɡ
㲻ġƶĿ˵㲻Ϊ˰
ұˣĳ̶ֳϣҵԸӦǺŵģӦ˽ŵˣȻô˵ˣǾ֤ǶԵġ
һοһߵΡЩĿ˸˸ĿңĿ̵Щֱӡ
һ̾һʼջѵĲ𣿡
Թ޻ڡЦ˳ҵȴ֪ЦĿޡ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ϣܷŵ¡
ллһ̣û֮ǰӣֻЩС˵ڳϣ˫鶯ӿңĹ屦һ㡣
еƲʴıϼȼţ͸ŽɫĹâޱȵĹϼӳ£һɫķϲĽͷһ羰ߵĹâ
ĿĵϲĽһ󣬵ȴͦܰСҰѳͣú󣬺ֱסҵĸ첲ЩǵĿ˵㲻˵ѳԡ
оԼֱۼ䴫УͺȻĺСèƵúҵ΢΢һܿͻָЦá
ǹɵİԼԴҵļϣá
û˵
ϣǺķ˵ʵķ˵ȷóԵҪҳԵʱԼͷȥˡ
극ɳϣ˵ӣѾ˵浽׷ŵʲôݡ
ֻ֪ˮǷ·ܹڻһе⣬Ҿôҵϣŵӣʵϣȴҿŵӣҡ
ܹĸоȵĿ⣬ȴҶӣΪ֪վǸˣֻƷˣȵĿ⣬壬ҡ
Ҳ֪˶ã˯ˣҽ˼ûлش̾һȥë̺ϣСèһһӡ
ë̺ҲԼķȥ
ûֵǣ󣬺۾ҵıӰʧ˿УĽֺţɳϣϸ鲻Խ΢΢


216 ϲ֮
ļ죬Һͺϲ˺ܶ㼣۶÷룬԰У͸һаСƵãЦ޼ɵ·Χ˶ÿʱ˲ɵҪȥѹʱ̲סȥġ
ģҿʼЩĽŵǻ˶ٵ£ôŮ˳Էİ
ʱˣȹʱƺʲôػǧִҲЩ;Ҳֻʱ棬ҲžԼĻˡ
һң·ʵģͻ¶Цݡ
ҲһŮҵ֣аĺ˵ҪԣҪǸԡ
Ǹ߸ϵƺͺǴûдڹһ㣬ڵ죬óֻҿ˵ƺҪء
ҿֻĻע㣬ǣҵˣġ
ʱǹĿءҿǰĺ𣬲֪ΪʲôرȥһԴȴȥֻÿϵ˯ź󣬲Ÿȥһĳ
һ˵ʹҪˣҲҪѹ
ԭأ֪Ӧȥġ
ʱҵֻҲó£ǸģҸӣֻžһԼ֪ҺģԼҰɡ
˵ֱӰֻˣƤĿңͷ㲻Ұɡ
ҿɬҡҡͷȻץסҵƣҸϵ˳棬Ҵȥõط
ʲôطҺĿ˵
֮ǺõطͶˣЦֱӿ˳ʼ
ڸʻϣź֪Ӧôദʱˣ˵һΣȻվǻѵģҲֻΡ
ĪģҺȻЩЩÿɰĺɣϾĺԭǸ𣬿ȥһӰԼ񶼸סһ
ұȽϲڵԷЦ󵨵Ŀޣڵʵ
ӿһͣϲ԰ֵʱҲȥ԰ʲô
ʱҿ˵
ôˣЩɻ
ҡ𿪿˵
ԥһ£Ƕܿ죬͸оʲôұϣģģǺ
һû˵ʲô͸оһ˫סҵ۾ȻЦſ˵ڿʼ׼͵㲻߱㲻ϣ
Ҳ֪ˣʲôǵ˵ͷ˵á
ֺܱ۾˸оôõġ
ЦͣĴһֻͷӬһ԰תɵ˲˵Ĺעҹںҵ۾ɿܿܶ˺Ŀҡ
Ҳ֪˶ã𿪿˵ˣͣ
һͣںڰУΨһָ·ƣָо˺
ˣ
Ϣ
ת
һɿҵ۾۾ϼѾȥҹգһֲʵĹңһ޴ޱȵĦҵǰתš
ϲ֮ǣҿǸߴޱȵĦ֣˵
ܾǰҾ˵طǰ칫ҵʱ򣬰칫һӣ˵ԼҪѣһҪԼϲ֮ǣߵĦְ
ֻû뵽Լһϲ֮ǣȻǺͺһġ
߰ɡЦſ˵
ҹƺҪĦ֣˵ͷһ߹ȥŶӡ
Ҳ֪ôͨϵģ߹ȥʱЩǰŶӵˣȫÿˣ˾Ȼһ̫ղա
̫ղȥҹҲʼøſֱۣҪһˣϧһֱûᣬҸҵˡ
ҿСŮһĺ𣬿˵ţ羰
һżѰǰɡЦ쿪˵Ѫļһ
ЦЦ˵Ҳ۸ָߡ
Ŀң˫ÿз·ڷǹ⣬ѾоοҪѹˡ
ҿź̾һվֻΰˣҲվҪѹĲ𣿡
ҲѹۿȻҡҡͷȻ֪ˣԶܻˣʹǻˣҲˣܾãšÿһ뵽Ҿ;ԼҸˡ
ˣ죬˵ʵͦ˵ַϻġ
һΪЦһۣͲܹŵ𣿡
ЩεԴ
㵽ˡȻ˵
һÿϲ֮濴ǡ
ǱѪ㻹С𿪿˵ʵҴСʱ򣬾һֱҪܶණǰҪϵΪˮпʱĺҪǺ«͸ƷɵķӣΪ̫óˣҪѤõǿյԼӣҪܶܶණ
ҿſ̸ĺЦò˵ʱſֱۣͣʲôĺ𣬼ֱ
ҾҪЩһǡңɬЦſ˵ȻҪģȴʲôûеõҲ˰ɡ
ҿһʧĺ𣬲֪ΪʲôһȥԴֱ˹̵δεҵĲϡ


217 ҪУ첻
ڻҲЩ֪ſֹĺȥĺ󱳣һ޵ĸˡ
ȵ̫ղտصʱֹͣ˳ҿ˵ҿ޵ǧܺǸһ˵
ҵ˵ͷ˵ʲôʱ򣬾ͿɫҲԽԽƺǸɰĺȻʧһ
ȵ̫ղʱ򣬺ѾúҸ֮ǰǸһģһˣ䣬ͺһú̳żһ
ҿĺоܣ֪ǰĺˣҲˣվֻΣҲվѡ
ھ͵ѵʱˣҺͺ̫߳ղյʱ򣬸Ͼ˹۸磬˵ʲôҲʲôģڣ赹ԡ
ֻɨһۺЦЦ˵ûʲô¡
ðɡ˵ͷ
ͽˡŸ磬˵
˵󣬺ֱԹԵľͳȥƺʲô鶼ûзһ
Ŀһۣ˵û뵽ô
ʲôҺܺĿ硣
ѵûзǰѹŵɷѾȫɢ𣿡翪˵
ôһ˵Ҳˣ죬ҵޱȵƽ֮ǰĲ궯ҲȫˣƺһΣڻеĸ
죬˵߰ɡ
ҵ˵ͷתͷȥۺҲ֪ԼԺܲټˣ¾ǿټ棬Ҳ˷ˣ죬Լһ˳ۡ
͸˳ȥ˼ұݣһ˿һ䣬ص󣬻ƴҲ˵鳯ķʼתˣڵ㣬ˡ
һ£Ҳ׹ƴҪ˵ʲôˣľٶͬȥԼ֮ٲҪĺҳˡ
˺ܾã̾һƺʧء
˲Ϊ𣿡ƴЦſ˵
ҵ˵ͷ˯˹ȥϣһΣε˺ֻ֮ǰһֱҿ޵ĺʱҲñһȥ죬Ҫ˵ĻȴԼô˵
ڶǱĵ绰ѵģ¥ʱѾ¥µˣǵˣ֮ǰڷɽųɺơ
ųɺƼҺ󣬶ľһڡ
ЩĿ۸磬֪Ϊʲôųɺƻ翪˵ҽеģǿΡ
ҵ˵ͷųɺһ˳棬ȳӿųɺҲ˵ˣѾˣɽڹʮ̫ϳϣ۶ģ߸˵ڶ仨ʣǸǴϣҸ˵ƺȻնȥʬֻǲն˼Ρ
˵ͷ˵ҵһżҾͱְɣҾͺá
ǵģųɺƵ˵ͷ˵
ҿŸ磬˵һɱɽţ
кβɣЦЦˣɱ˱ɱˣûʲôֵÿϧġ
̾һ˵ðɡ
·ϲͣʻţȽɽΧʱųɺҲ˳ɸѸٵĳɽƽ
ȳӵɽɽŵʱҷɽɽѾۼ˲ˣƺɽ֪Һ͸Ҫһ
³ʱ򣬾ۼŵ˷һȻ
棬̲סһתͷȥ۸磬翪˵û֪ͨǵģô̵ѰĿֱ꣬Ӹǣǰ˶ۼһɱʱҲ򵥵Ķࡣ
ұĻǺˣҵĿʱ׳ʦҲǿ˵֪˹Ϊ£
۾ǰЩЩսսˣ˵Щ
ȻԣˣԱߵλ¾Ͳˡʱɽ߳һ뷢ȫ׵ˣ˿Ȼǲϣȴ˫о䣬ˡ
Ц˵أ
ǿ¾ˡѴˣҪǶҪսһˡ˶Ÿ翪˵
ĪҪʦ治ɣüͷһ壬˵
֤֤ʵ˱ʦת֪ʦͷˣҲλôתأ֮ڣֻɽѿ˿˵Ļ̥֮ˣ
Щۼſڵɽȫں
쳹ʣҵɫҲе㷢ףܶȴû뵽ɽЩ̫ϳϾȻһңֱ˵ǱģɱңƺҲ˳֪ŵתûж٣תⶫúܣ˵ȥҲûʲôš
ֻۿǰЩɽĵӺͳϣЦΪ֪ͨǣҪöˣʲô취ȡǵ̬ȣǵʲô£
ЩɫȫúѿͷʱҲЦ˲ӦǵôҿԱ֤Ƕ㲻ɽ
в𣿡۾ͷ
ҵҲһ£䵽˹ȵףɽЩ˶֪ҪʲôǶӦöԸ˵ǺҪĶҺɽЩЩ
ֻʵʵˡͷЦ
ֱָһѪзһֱ䵽ǰһ
ҪУ첻ޣҲ⡣


218 ۸
Щ˱ֱѹɫ԰ף˼ƶȸ簫˲ֹһͷѵϵѪаһĳǰЩɽӺͳ˹ȥģһͷħһ㡣
Ҳȫ嵽ĳźһ
ôĿ˵ҪУ첻ȻҵȾʦһβ㣬ųƺΪˣˣվֻѲҰʱɽɽڴһЦұ㿴һ׷ͯյ˳
˿ٴͦģʮ£ҿҪ࣬ϴһ˿ĺӣźǹ졣
ϣ˳ɽӺͳȫǶϾһԭѾһͷƣʱҲ˲
˫ɫĶǰɢսѪ໥ӳʹվĺ棬Ҳܸоһǿѹ
ʱƴҲ˵Ҫ쭰ͷ˵վŭˡ
ƴɷˣҲЩŻƴɿ˵ɣ˵ʲô𣿡
ƴɵҲЩأ˵֮ǰǸųɺƴϢӦǼٵģǰϾѾնʬˮ׼ˣʵضãǸӦûοôˣҪǽ˵淭ˡ
ƴôһ˵ҲЩˣ˵ô죿ܰﵽʲô𣿡
ƴЦһˣСҸȫĵطסԼ̶ȵİæ
Сһ¡
ƴ²Ŀ˵ʽСκá
ʹڵպ࣬һ̲סһ䣬Ҳ֪ƴװʲôʱˣÿЦⲻ
°߷Ż˸ǣʱǶϼԽԽÿӽһɱͻŨһ֣ǵȻϢʱҲ˶٣˵콵ħ׼
䣬ЩǾȫ˸λãγľﲻͣ߶ʲôҾ͸оڤڤ֮ƺһ˳ʻ˶ϵڣ˿Ҳ
ãǾ콵ħ󣡡ƴæ˵
ƴ˵꣬ҾͺĿ˵ʲô콵ħ󰡣˵˵󵽵ʲôã
Ƶɱȵʱõı󷨣ȫ֮Լһ˵ϣŰħȸܡƴɿ˵Ͽɽ֮Լһ˺ͽɱϾһ˵ô˵޵ģܺôᲢۡ
ģ˼˵վǰĶϣŵѾԽ˸𣿡һ˵
ûǿȿѾͽˣҳҲȽߺܶ࣬Ͼô˵֧֣ڵĶϾǶϼնȥĴܶһս֮ƴɺصĿ˵
˾콵ħǶƺҲ˲ٵĵЦſ˵ΪԼþãͱȽ𣿽Ҿ֪ɽľ
˵ϵҲʼÿ˵ϵɱһѽĻɢһѾ޸
ɽ˾ĶʱҲʼѸٵ̤ǲָҲͣӡɢһʥϢ
ƺûпһĻһŽһ˹
ǧ磬аħҳˣССˣˣ״ˡǶѸٵӡ³һڵָɽָŸһָ
׻죬ܲһѸٵĴк֮£ƺҪƲһ㣬ֱӳŸͷ˹ȥ
䣡Ʋоӣͣڽš
һֱӽû˵֮УһͷĴʯͷҲ
ȴ꣬ڵһº󣬺ܿ죬ڶҲ
䣡
һһףһԭվŵĵطѾҳܲˣĶǶòǱղЩֱӸû˰ɡ
ûƴɵȻ
ȻҿĶһʧӣҶһѪеĸˣһĳɽȥۼ֮ľѾһ̵˶ʮˡ
Ҳ˿ڿˮ
ȷʵͰ
ڤ粻飬Ϊɽ𣿡ǶϿŸԽԽӽϲ˿־壬ϻӲſ˵
ɽһȺ˼˺һ϶˿־塣
һָָ죬ںң
ûҷӦ͸оһǿֱӳ˶ϵڣƴ𾪵Ŀ˵Ҿ˹ˣ
ôˣҼƴɷӦ쳣æѯʵ
۰˵ôĽɽܽӽԭϺͰһ·ˣƴɿ˵
һæǰ濴˹ȥʱͬ·ֱ˸ָָշģָײ¶
ʱҲ˽ɫĶŸ磬߶񣬵׽̫Ͼ½绤һѹڿ̫ϾһջҳƱǬ̫Ͼ
䣬ֱӾԼǰһ£ŶһǰJȥһȳɡ
һ⣡
һоƬնˣЩɽĵӣһȫɫ԰ףȻѾ


219 
ܿ죬еһɽӼֲס̱ڵϣŵһɽӵӵ£һһɽĵӶı֣ҿǰһĻҲɵ˿ڿˮﲻɵΪоġ
Ƕô֮ϿʼɢǿҵϢеƶ·һ㣬ž滷ţȻ׻ޱȵĿֲ
ƺûзһ㣬Ǽһһǰţ׵Ҫʱ򣬸źʲô̧ͷơ
һ˲䣬ҷָƾȻֿܹ֮ԼԼȻѹԷһͷĸоʹЩΪʲôһ˵ƿԺ֮࿹أ
ƺоԼܵƣȻ˸ǻܵʱҲǿ
ˣֲ̫ˣҹһвڶʮʹǽƶӲסƴʱҲ˵
ƴôһ˵ҲЩˣӲͷƤ˵ҾӦòɣ㿴ӣǽӲס
ɵԼ룬֮⣬𣿡ƴɿ˵
ƴ˵꣬ҲһҿŸ磬ʶȭͷﰵĸ͡
˵ˣŽˣʱֻһͷˣҲգʦͷվΪʦүЦһǿе׸ӱˡ
ȴûмϣ̧ͷǿеƿȵ˼޵ʱ򣬸Цһɢ
ӱͺʧ˵һ㣬ڸ˵ֺ󣬶ҲЦˣ㵱˭𣿻ɢ֮ɢˣôǻʺȥˣ
ȴûϣǼĿеƣһεдһɱ⣬к֮£ղѾһλˣɢȥ
βǶϣɽЩҲЦˣȻΪ־ٶо
ȭͷҾøԲڴţƣǿ϶ܹеͨԲŻô˵ģ
ǿеƺԵǿ
ǲܽˣرݲˡ˵ֱȥһץзһҵİ
飬ʹҲ⣬羹Ȼʵ
ǶϺɽЩӿһĻҲɵˣһӲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˡ
鲻ͣİţƺʲôȴЦһЦҸλˣûϧΪŰǱɣ
˵͵һ󣬿зһҵĲҽۿɼٶѸɢţƺղŵǶֲѹûдһ㣡
ôܣƴɺǶͬĿ˵
ʲôˣҸղһ˲仹û׹ʲôæ˵
ƴ𾪵Ŀ˵ǽôԶֻһֻ־飬ȻȽҲֲ̫˰ɣ
ƴôһ˵ҲŷӦղŸĲڴţưȻֱһơ
ϵıʱͳ˹ʺһܣⲻܣ֮ôܽ
۵ϢҲɢøģ
ŽһĳŶ߹ȥԣѾ˸׼𣿡
룬ĪΪκβ㣬ɽû취𣿡ĶŸ磬ҧָѸٵ˸ӡⷨӡĳ֣ϵϢҲʼŨ
ɽ̫ϳϣȻ䵱ɽۣǿЦ˼ޣ㣬˵Īǲʦ𣿡ʱѾߵɽɽ֮ǰˣŲ΢΢һ٣ϴЦݡ
ϵıʵ˵ǺÿŸ磬˵
׼һƺУƺֻеҾͲǰĶȫһˡ
ô˵أڵӺͰһģһһųƺﶼһ㡣
㣬ܾòءЦͭӣвɣͲǶϵ
ȷǿֹңֻһ˿лǰ㵱Сˡ翴Ŷϣ׼ȷ˵ۣ棬Цſ˵
Ц˼˼ǸΧ߽СһҲڳˣúˣ
壿й壿
ע⵽ɫԽԽҶһƲлͲҵĶ֡
ǿɲһǰɣЦ䵱Ϊһң
ΣǱΰɡɽһ̾ϢҾע⵽ֱȥһ̽ƺץʲôⶫץɽһҵХ
ãҪɽ𣿡ƴɿ˵󰡣ΪԼȨϴĶøˣ
ʲôǰһĻ˵
ʦ棬Ҫ׺İƴ̾һгꡣ
һ£ŰȥץסһҵĻǺɽ֮ΪļһҲˣ˵ãֻҪģ
Ц˵һͷʨбҪ򽲵𣿼ȻԽ⿪ŵҴ˫ôܲأ
ͬʱҷ첻֪侹ȻѾˡ
һ糺°


220 
ˣɽǧȫһˣԺɽֻʵˡƴɿ˵ڵİ棬ŵתҲǶˣ
һҲЩˣ˵ڶԸֵĻ᲻°
Ҳ˵ҿʵˣڰ滹ûгںˣ˵еһսƴɿ˵
סĶǰ棬³ʲô⡣
ʱ򣬰Ҳע⵽ңһתңЦſ˵ҲˣôԼִɾôһΣ
ôһֻоһѹ籩һӿ˹ҷ·ǴеһҶֱۣӱҡ
ʱڵŵͳҲʼŷһǿҵ⣬һС̫һ㡣
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һ£˵˭
ŵ꣡Ҿ͸оԼ忪ʼ
˼˼濴ңЦſ˵̲סҪʦ֣
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ʱҸоԼʶȻԿǰһУȴʼԼĿˣȻֻһҵôˣαػŲأ
ƾʲôҪ£Ķšҡ˵ô꣬Ŭô꣬мüлֱʶҶûг֣ҾҪѹҾҪ㣬Ұ治ŵ
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ҡɨһ۶ϣЦһŰ濪˵޷ұ˵ɽɽôˣҲ⡣
ʦүҪΪʱɽɽ߳һ׷ͯյߣӦþǰ֮Ϊˡ
ʱҲоЩЦǲҪ˼ް֮ǰҪĨɱңԼͻ˸ˣͱҪʦү
ǵж಻Ҫ
ʱҲЦһȻϿʲôҲܹоʵĻǺ𾪵ģû뵽龹ȻᳯֲԤķչⲻԸ⿴ġ
ҡɨһЦɽ̫ϳϣ
ʱѾԼԴڵϣʦү
ԼŰɣҲ֡ҡֱûǶŸ翪˵
˵ͷֱӳȥ
ҡʱҲ˰棬˵ˣˣȥɣ
ƾʲôЦſ˵ΪʱԺս𣿡
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һѹҲܣܣôܻʵһƣ
ߣҡһֱӶŰһץͿ˰Ӷϵ汻Ҹץ˳
ǰʱҲע⵽ЩԾˣȻԼõ˫ԼվֻһƲл꣬ôŵĶ֣
ԱץҲսֱӳԶȥ
ߣҡЦһֱһֳŰץ˹ȥһץֱץ˰
סҵģЩ۵ĿǱץߵǺ⣬ҧҧӿһѪ˻һֱӶߡ
ҡѾߵİ棬̾һ˵ˣҲֻˣк֮£ȻѾӵԼʶҲǿĥ˵ʶԼյ飬һֻϲܴӦһ顣
һʼûӦ֪ŵں˵ˣ˵ʲô£
չ˺ú𡣡ҡ̾һұоǹӴʶʱҲɢˣһλصԼĿơ
ΣƴɼٴλָҲ˷ܵĿ˵
ôҿ˵
Լһ£ƴʱֱܵĲС
һմ˵ģһ£ܿ죬ҲסˣΪҷŵͳԱߣȻζһɫ
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ŵ꣬ɽֱӴˣƴ˵ʱ򣬼ֱҪЦˣȻǱǰˣȴʵʵıõˣ
ʹңʱ򶼲Щɽˣһ뱻Ҹˣ
һ˷ܵʱҲ㿪˵ҪĶһûжֱȥȡˣֻϣܿʦүķϣĪҪɽϾɱ
Ҹоԭɱ֮Ҳһᣬ˵·
˵ͷߵǰҿ˵ʦү
оɽһʼڽȻ̬ͬȣҲЩЦе˾㲻ȥԶ̵ʶ
ǰЩҺ͸磬Ǿɽˣ


221 
ܹоΧ˶ҵľηɽѾʵҪ֪ǵѾûˣ۰Ҳٰˣһ˾԰ֱˣʱ͵ˣٺ֮ǰһţƻᱻɱͷʣ
Һ͸Ĵ£Ҳȥ
ܹע⵽ɽˣĿⶼҵϡ
ղҵľٶ˶õȷɽʦүŵ꣬ϾǶɽ˵Ҳô˵ġ
Ҳע⵽ǿҵгһη֮⣬̰
һʼ벻ǵ̰ʲôҺܿˣɽ˫ûˣлˣ붼ˣһҵϣֻҪҰųɽͿԼڣȻû֮ǰôǿˣܵ˵ʵˡ
ͺ֮ǰȥ¸۰һȻһɽɿԴڣһܹԼʵȨ
Ǳˣˣɽû˫ҲֻܰĿϡ
Ǵһ̰
ʱ׹ҲɵЦ˳ǰҵһԴఴ֮ǰҪŪңڷŪң˷۱ٻȥǣ
ȻǺƢһɵư
ʱҲûбֳǼŸһǰȥһţһ߿˵ɽĽأһɽˮʮ֮˵һɽȻǰʦү𻯵ɵĵطҪĶҲ棬ˮȴѾʧˣʮ˵ʮ̫ϳϾסĵط
ҵ˵ͷߵһɽµʱͣ˵ǰǽˣǵʦ˭Ҳ׼ȥһˣʦүֻǵˡ
ɡֱӿ˵ȻǺϲ
ҲǣŵһִɽȴŪĻܲ
Ҳ˼ʧǰʱƴҲ˵СЩԾܸоʲôؿ⣬ҪСĵ㡣
ұƴôһ˵Ҳʼȷ˵ȷ˵ʲôˡ
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ҾͶŸ翪˵Сĵ㣬թ
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ô죿æѯʵҷԼʱѾȫˣһֱͬһĴڣˣڶôصˡ
ҵͺǱһ
ʱҺȻоΧĿ͵һͺǿҪ±ָоȫƵģѹֵĿʹҺЩ˳
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ʱɽ´һЦȻⶼϵɣԸΣɽޣҽСӽĻұһ

һʱʹҶоЩԾˡ
üͷʱҲһ㻹𣿡
һ£ͿһɫӰиֳȻǺ
𵭵Ŀһ۸磬˵ƲˣΧضѾˣֻܴһˡ
ߣ翴һۣԥĶź𿪿˵
ΪʲôֲˣΪʲôҪô
˵ߣ翴źĿ˵
ãûԥֱץסҵ·ʱҲע⵽ĲԾˣҲЩŸ磬˵Ҳߣߣ
ֻǵĿңź𿪿˵߰ɣٲߣҲ߲ˣ
һ仰ֱӰҵֱӻ飡
ұɽȥʱ򣬿г˼׳ֱ˸ļƣС棡


222 Ľ
ЩƺԵģֱӽӵ¯棬ܿ죬˶סˣɫѪҺ˿ڴͣӿ
żմ˿ҲΪʹüͷʹˣ˵һۣ˫ɫɿҺͺο
ƺûбסõİο
ҪҪȥŸԽԽԶҲͣͼúҷ
ȴҵĻ˷ƨûҵģΧǹѹֵĸо޵ʱڰҴɽɽͬʱҾ͸оɽĽƺͱˣ̧ͷʱ򣬳˿ǼֲĴ֮⣬ʲôˡ
ˣ磬ȴЩɽϣ
Ҵ˻ֻͨ˻ĵѹֵвŻɢ١
㲻׷ѵĻͱͣ˵Ǹϼһ﷢ˣɾ߲ˡʱƴҲ˵дһɺɸֵ
ƴɵĻҲЦű˵Żʲô˼أ
ЩĻĿ˵ǣˣΪʲôΪʲôÿζҪΪҶҲϲָоԸǸҡ
˭˵ˣƴûĿ˵·Цһ㡣
˵ûЩϲĿ˵
ϻҪˣߴǲñը𣿡ƴɵǳƺڳһ޷ıʵһ㡣
Ҳԣ˵еʱҲ侲ĥϰ죬ȷҲǣܿҾЩɻĿ˵ûҲˣƺˣʱɽЩɽô죿
ҲһߵŮˣӦúϾҲɽʦүĴˡƴɿ˵
źʳ˸ղǸ⡣
˶٣ûֱӻشҵ⣬ÿüëѯʵˣ
šЩ˼ܸоԼһɵƵãʱҪ侲˼ΰѸȳ󳳴֣󺦵ԼҲץˡ
ıץ˵Ļǻ˭Ծȸأ
и֣ɽǴҸ˵ǰں˻ȻҲѲɽ󡣡𿪿˵
壿ҿ˵
ȻİֻһƲл꣬һһ岻ϣ˵ˣңһϣֻܱɱ˵ʱ򣬿ҵҲЩꡣ
һ£֮ǰɽſ·İ棬û뵽ֻһǱǵжֲ
Ҳԣŵ꣬𣬸һϣƺҲֻܱȫİɱ
㻹û˵أת˻⣬ʵǸ᲻µ⣬ɭɭתǱ߹ȥˡ
𿪿˵νɽ󣬾Ƿɽ²˽ȥֻܽɽ󣬵ˣȻûסˣǴ˻ܵǵʹһС׽٣һ׽٣һסǻɢ
ҳˣҲ˵ɽ˲Ը֣ʱˣЩ׳ҲҪ
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ЩƶǶĵ˵ͷȻܺһͷе˭ʱȻûȥ˼ź𿪿˵ҿ϶ǲˣ˵ֻɽˣýȥĻ
˵꣬۾Цſ˵ǾɽĵӶȥɣ
Щ㵵Ŀһۣ죬Цſ˵Ĳһ˵ʵҺϲĶһ㡣
ôһ˵ҲЩ˼ԼԴƫһߡ
ˣ֪ľˣǻɽķ֮ڣǲֵܶģҪȳֻܿԼˣ֮ǰұҪһ䣬Ǿ£ڵ״̬¾ͼֲȥˣҪĻڣҪôԼɽɱҪôɱɽĵӣɱɽֱ̣Ȼ㻹ֻһۣ˵
ҵ˵ͷתͷȥ۽أһź𿪿˵˵֪ˣ߰ɣһλʱһ֪ҵ³ġ
ЦЦ˵ҽ飬жʱûüˣҸ˽飬ͷȥһС򣬰ǸѾõλеСӻСĿɲǺܿŶٽСȥһ˳ɳţ㵽ɳٴ򿪰ɡ
ӹţŽԼĻɺ뿪ɽķ֮⡣
ȵǽصɽʧеʱ̲סˡ
ܿҾٴμᶨ
ǰң
һΣ㣡
ңһҪң


223 ٶС
뿪ɽ󣬺뿪ˣһǰϲĿͳڳϵʱҲЩ꣬ɽ꣬ΪҵëֵҲΪõҪĶڳڶһȫ֪ʲôõҲûκջˣҲɽˡ
ƴҲע⵽ҵ˵ҲйˣɽǧһϣһκͲط涼֪ƾֵĹؼ
ǧʲôã˵ⶫܻɣԸȥ
ɱɵԼȥ˵ǿⶫȥɵŻɽѽųģ㹻ɽƴæ˵
ҿɬЦЦ˵ֲɵӡ
ĳЩʱɵӡƴûĿ˵߹ŹʱͲ
ǲѾȥ𣿡ƴɾᣬҲЩ˼
ƴƲƲ죬˵֪ﵽʲôˣ˵ˣô
İɣȥСҵСġһСľôĪʧˣҲܵ˵ССĲǺҸ
ƴɵ˵ͷ⵹ǿԣ֮ǰ֮뿪ΪǸŮӣȷǰŮӲ˺㣬ͺðˣ֮ǰ˵֮ǰСĵˣС˿ܻ
Ǹ⡣üͷˣ˵ҵʵʲôʱɱɽȳ磿
ҲҪ۾֮󣬲ȻûϷҵĵ飬ǸϾѾﵽնĳ̶ˣϹѾնȥ˶ĿնɱɽĵӣҲ˵ʵϣѳ̶Ҫһ¥ûдﵽڽˮ׼˵ʲôǷϻƴɿ˵
ﵽڸˮ׼˿ڿˮЩ֪ڵҺ͸ȣһͷϣҵʱֻ£⻰͸һͷ˵ԼҪ˻Ҫˮ׼
ⲻڶ
ƴƺҲʶҵĲţЦſ˵ɵ˵Ӳʵﵽ̶ֳȣû˵ʵ
ʵʲôʵҼƴƺ˺֣æѯʵ
ʮ޼ⶫڴʮµõģֻҪⶫ׼ˣֻҪ۶ԽɽĵȫɱˡƴЦſ˵
ƴôһ˵һҲԡ̫ˣΪҪֱһɱɽͺ͸һͶա
ʵϲãȻҺͻƴɶһһ㣬ھһ㣬Ȼ治ˣǾͺġ
ˣҪɽĻʧȥ˫ԼĵˣʹżפɽɽҲʵˡƴɿ˵
ҲˣȣҲܺʥһ˴ҪҲȥ˴򡣡Ҷ˶٣ɱ֮ǰһ仰ɽʰã˰ҡҡҡЦҡҡңδκʰô𣺡Ҫٹ꣬ҿҵĻشǣնɱţɱΪֹ
ƴ˵Ļֱһʲôû˵ˡ
Ҳע⵽Լɱеˣûᣬɽǵҵĵˣ˾֮ϵ飬ʲôҶ˵һҵĵߣǶԲˡ
ҵƢҲûôã
һ೵ˣϲʱѾ賿ˣҲȥˣֱȥɶŽȥɽĻƱȻ󵽻ŰӾ˯ȥˡ
ٴʱ򣬻ѾܶˣҸоܶ˶עңԭЩִٲģʱҲѾ侲ˣ뿴Ϳʲôϵ
ó˻ֱ˷ɻշתҲ˷ɽʱƴɺȻ˵ˣСиѪأ԰ںϵԼڣҪҪȥǣ
Ѫأüͷ˵Ҷûʲôء
ۼɽǧˣҲζ㣬˵ı䣬ƴɿ˵ҪĶ͸ԵɺתĵҲΪһЩֵ飬ȥҲ˵֮Ǵˣ컯
ƴɵĻЩѶҾͿ˵ⶫҲ㲻˵ЩʵʵĶɡ
нһǧ۶Ӧûʲôġƴɿ˵Ҫ֪Ĵʥɾֻɽһһ˰ҲΪˣֵܼڣɽĵӲܱȱٶҪһЩ룬ɽôãܱȱ˿һ㣬һռһ룬ÿ٣
ػƴ˵ľˣҵĺҲþִҪôͲŶԾ
ƴɼҼӣЩĿ˵ǸӣòΪȻСõˮ
ܵ𣿡ûһ䡣
ͼǰȥòҵ⳵˵ϰ죬֪СǱôߡ
СıҲûмȥСڵĵ֮һ£ĿǰֻΪȥСѾԼȥˡ
ʹҲҪȥǺĽ飬ƴҲ˵ˣСҵںϵİ취ֻҪںˣȻһǧˡ
Ȼһԭ򣬾Сġ
˵ʵѾСĵԼļˡ


224 С
Ϊԭ򣬵ڵʱ򣬲ûЩС֣һ»ƴɣ˵ԼȥСأȥȽϰȫ֪ҹĹȥЩСǵжΣհ
ҲΪʲôҺͻƴȥСʱôΣգĵȴƽµĹȥԭԼȥʱ䲻ԡ
ƴɼҲЩεЦЦȻҲʶԼľǴˡ
ƽµĵ˹кҲ֮ǰŮӦòڹ˰ɣϾڸоһҲûһȥʱɭɭĸоˡ
Ϊ˰ȫһ嶡ٿԱ
ȻҶˣһֱ˰׸ûʲô鷢˰׸󣬻ƴɺȻ˵ЩԾ㲻̫һȻǰ죬ôҲǹаΪУһ鶼ûУĵط
ƴôһ˵ԭʱ
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ҵ˵ͷջƴɵָʾ˹ȥܿ죬ҲֵﲻԾˣΪǸطһŻƷǸùģƷ滹Ϣ
ȫ̵ķġƴɿһۺ󣬾Ϳ˵
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һȥɣССңҪĻô򵥡ƴɿ˵
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ôһ˲䣬ҾȻҪɱΪĿпСģɱĻСľͲô鷳ˡ
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ⲻΪ𣿡ƴЦЦ˵
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ԼǱʲôȥˣȻعʱһŨɷֱ֮Ӱ˸ѹò㴭
죬þ䡣ƴɿ˵ȻҪɷ֮ɵʶˣ
䣿һ£֮ܿǰƴɺҽ⾻Ϊ֮ף˼Ϊ޵֮μѧʱģųʱ֮䡣ʹڤţ۵ģ徲֮Сб껤ǵá
׹Щɷ֮ŨϮһæŲָҲѸٵĽӡ߶ţ̨̫ǣӦͣаȣǻãɥ㣡
ҲŸоЩɷ֮űҵڣһŻƴɿ˵⵽ʲôΪʲôɷ֮Ҫ
״̬ȻܵɷʴϾǻ˰Щ겻һǾЩɷǲƷ˵ⶫͶҩûʲô𡣡ƴɿ˵
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ҸоǹĿҶ˹


225 ѹկ
ҸоԼһʱĻҹһ϶ȫ亹ˡ
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סһСܶҪˡƴɿ˵
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ķٶȣǽ̧Զ˺һԼ忴ȥⲻ֪һҲԼһ
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Ȼо֣һǽ棬һЩŹֵСҲоֲζģȥףҲʵ̫ڹһɡ
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ǳױӸ۷ˣҿʻƴɣѪغʵסǰѾͷ
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ҵ˵ͷҲ¶⣬УȻţǾźˣҲ㣬Լģ˭ԼһѴְЦЦңı㣬Ҵȥ鶼ѪأһΣգ㺦µĻͲȥˡ
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ҲЩĻͷ۰֪طʲô飬Щô
ںУ˺ܿ͵鶼ǳ֮ǰ


228 Ѫ
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ǵģҡĵĲʻһԹﻷơ
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㣬Ҫ𣿡


229 ӿʱ
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죬˵ȻˣͱزˣӦ֪㲢ʲô¡
ǰ֣·ˡڰһź۵ӰֳʱڵĻ϶죬Ϊ⴩ź۵ӰȻһģһġ
ҲоΣˣˡ沢ûתԹԵĿ˵ӦýʲôأǶ
ԡǺ˶Ű죬˵û뵽ôãɻǱһ۸˳
˵ʵɽ˶սУսУսóˣҪ㣬ҾͲҵʶȫˣٶ֣ڶֶԼĺôҲΪ㶮ҵ˼濪˵
ҪЩע˼˵ˣֱ㲻ҿɲڵ㲻ҵĶ֡Ц˳
ǸСΪʲôҪڣüͷѯʵ
˵һָܿʱˣȻ֣ҽΪ˸㣬鷳ˣԲҪǵˡ
ʲô鷳濪ѯʵ
һǧ꣬ЦӿɽλƺˡЦҪ˵Ϣģλŵ컯ˣΪѹ㣬һǧľٶˣҲʾġ
ңţüͷЦȷǶµʱˡ
ڰͺ̸䣬ɽɽһܷɽڣһѩɫɽ֮Уƺһ㣬ɢ޾ɽڵڱ
һߣƹ۾С
ĳһ˲䣬ڵͫУ˻Ĳɣ
Ǻꣿ


230 Խ
Ķǰĸ磬־;ԺϮʶǰǼٵģȴҵĻ䣬ҷԼȻʼһʧȥڵҲʼı
ģһһľӳҵߣܹӾ濴ͬ龰
һȴһ٣ٶĳҵǰСľȻʧĻЦıֲĻ档ЩĻѣܹˣⳡٴθϰһ飬ؿڵʹѪĺ죬һУҿʼЩֱ治κʵ֮
һ˿ĶѪɫգԴǳƻ
Ѫܹ𣿡
뱻𣿡
ҵڳױܹоһͷ͵Ұޣƺҹҵ˼ȫɣ֡
еľ涼һаЦѪˣ˳úһųڽ䱧ԴңЦԶھ棬齻ңһ㿹סһУƴɣȸ磬ıһԸҶɡ
˵Ӿһֻ֣˴Ӿ˳һл㱵վĳžȥ
ĳһ˲䣬ҶȻ۾ŰϢҵ߱ը鶼Сȫע⵽ߵһȫ¶˿־ȫڵϣޱȵϡ
ң״ħ
ȻҲע⵽һ㣬Ķң˵㣬˲ɣȻù壡㵽
Ȼңתͷȥ۰Цһߣ
ҵĻ䣬ˣɫɷɷ׵ģ˵ˣ
ȴûĻһ㣬ֱӳɱ˹ȥɷ۳һſֲĹѪɫųֲɷ
͵غ˺üָڿѸٵĻţһҵǰչȴȫҴݿƻ
ι㣬㻹ˣҾͲˣָһ׾ѯʵ
ȴûһĳɱȥ
ʱ򣬶ھնĿǰһĻɱɣɱɣұǿĻ
ܹػԼҪػĶĻ
ǾɱɣɱΣҸˣ˸ң
Ρ
һ
ûע⣬ȴԽԽģҵעҲ˹ȥϸ˺Ҳһ£˵ƴɣ
ˣô£˵˱ħסզһӾʧأƴЩֵĿ˵
ƴɵĻ䵽ҵĶʱܹоԼ巢һǱĺ
ǰľӻȻ飬еͲȫ飬Ȼ޴棡
ҽսԼȭͷûҪǿǶҪԼԼػԼҪػĶǾͺԣ
𣡡ڵһֱӽɷ֮ȫˣ
˿ҲоԼܹƵԼˣûеҷӦǰİѾ׾ѪɫУһɫ۶ɣ
оԼӿҴЦһ˵ĺã
˵ֱ꣬ٵӡ嶡ѸٵĴҵӿֳ
˵֮ǰ嶡һ·Ļڵ嶡Կ˵һףǸס
һָ죬һָͣһ಻ϵҵָ䱬
壡
һɫϿʼҵǰһĸֳ
˲ٵ
ͬʱǵɫֱѸٵİǰǼٵɫϸըѡ
һʮٵ
һֱܰһըѺʣĺɫ׵ըϣð嶡׸顣
Ƶĸոպãһֲ࣬һֲ١
Һˣתͷȥһ㵵İЦſ˵Ǵƽ˰ɣҲˣҲˡ
ȶҳֵģݺݵĵһۣҲܣǷһ顣
Цϸ㻹Ƿһ飬Ҳѣ˵ͷȻ󿪿ѯʵɣڵʵʲô̶ˣ
Լ£ƴɿ˵
ҵ˵ͷ֪ʲôʱʼҵھȻһƬ𺣣ܿ죬Ҿע⵽𺣵Ϣҵ
ҷ㶵ʱҾע⵽֮һƬȼյѪأѪУһɫ淭š
һƬһ֮УһɫȻ
ǡɻĿʵ
һ壬ܻԽƴɿ˵ѪĹϴֱ֮˵һ仨ڵѾ̤˶ˣ
ƴôһ˵ҲһѹҸоԼڵѾһٽ㣬ʱ̶Ҫ
ҳʵʱƴɺȻ˵ã˹ˣ
һ£˭
˵ϢͰҹӦǰ˵Ǹѹĵڶְƴɿ˵
û˵ʲôҾͿһϮ³ҵǰ˴Űɫ·ͷ߲Ļף˫ƺ޾ħһ㣬뿪˵ʲô˱Цſ˵ԩ·խұֻµûȥģˣ
ǣһ¡
磬զϳģûϵڻˣǰһܣ˭ڵŵһ֣˵
㡭𣿡Цɲ㡣
˭ʵ
ŵ꣡Ȼ䣬ھеˣ


231 
䣬ҲˣҵıУ޾ķŭŵ꣡
ûŵꡣ죬˫ң˵û뵽ڵ״̬Ǻܺð˵һ𻨣
ʱȻǳ˽ǰҲ֪һ㣬Ǿǰƺ֮ǰŵӡھͷޡ
ֻǿӣƺҲȥˣ
ô鶼ʼŶҲķչȥˣҺһǿЦſ˵ϴˣҲ˵Ǹʲôŵꡣ
ĪǻϲɣЦ˵뵱ŵô緢ڿҲô£ҲǸ̰֮ͽ
˵㳯һһҵѹоͺһɽֱѹҵؿһЩϢ
治˵ŵ꣬پĿǰΪֹҲûŵļҽΡҧӴѹ
ŶĿңζȴʵʵĸоŵϢ
磬ҪСյĺܣ֮ǰ˵Լأ϶ŵ꣬ԣʱҲ˵
˵ͷϵЦŨڵ̫ð㶼ʼԼˣ
ҿŰͰһƶӣҲЩΣҲǺŵŻĶԹԹƺҵϡ
ؼǣȻ֪ԼŵתĿǰԣҸͲŵ꣬ΣԴϣҲ̫ԩһɡ
˵ĻִѪŪҲܲζȻúԩȴҲûмѡѹ
ģҾ˵ûô򵥣ԭΪֻҪС߾Ϳˣû뵽ҲˣƴʱҲ˵
£Ҳ֮ǰƴұԼ飬֮ǰѾ
ԵҲٰ֪ǲ֪ʲô
ǵŵѹɽص𣿡ɻĿ˵ô죿ҿԸоʵǿҸûѵĿԣ
ӦþˣͰȻϻǴ޵ϢȴˣҹƵûĻӾʱǻ˲ٴۣŪڰ״̬ƴɿ˵
һĶǰˣҲʼоЩ
ҪҪҲŸտͷħշ˹ĹͷҺ¡
Ҳ㵽ǲŵ̺꣬ϢȴʵʵڵŵͳϢϴŵۣŵ굱괩Ǽ˱ˣɴɱһǧҲԲŹһЦĲңԽ죬Ҫ
˵ֳ꣬һһҸоѹѾŨҿҪܲסĳ̶ˣѪҺٶҲʼÿˣɣǰٳ߽һڵѪҺܲסѪ汬ˣ
еǹҲ·һʼû
ҧǰİﲻͣŵʲô취ѡ
û뵽ѾַˣɢҲֿסˣЦ˵ʵɲκ˺ˣɣҲʲô׶֮ͽҿĸͷ˵һүүҴˣҾͷһֻ㵤Σ
룡֪ɰôȥҿ϶ûˣȻ֪ԼǰĶ֣ҲҪˣһָѸٵ侭ӡۻҵӡҲǰİЦ
ĳһ˲䣬ӡɣѸٵĽ侭ٻ˳Ӳͣĺţ˿Ҳ׷̧ͷѸŵѪƣɲϷҲգʶһ£ʲôľɣ
¡ûоСħ侭ѪɫѸ۶ɣһɫֱӳŰȥ
۾գǺɫԼϣ¡һҿźİľŨ
ɻûзȻʵ򲻹㣬ⲢͿ֮ϡ
éɽ񣡡ҽ̤ǲֳ̩ɽӡѸٵڵ߶š
Σ㲻ҪƴʱҲ˵
ȴûңЦſ˵ǿԿ϶㲻ŵˣ˲Ųôɵڹ֮оȻʹ
ʱѾղˣۿԼʶѸٱһƬѪǣθûк֮ǰһѡĹ
Се˿̶·оʲôһƴĳҵ
һͷͷʮͷ
ܿ죬ҵھ;ۼʮͷǿҵҵҲʼסˡ
ԴԴϵɳҵڻ۶
߰ĸһ˲ҲʼޱȵǿоԼʶҪЩ̲ˣ
ʲôұǰһĻŵˣæʵ
ɵСҲ˵尡СôŨִԼ̨ȥЩ֣˵ЩǲǻͼѪһɱƴʱҲ̲ס
ô찡ҲʶԼһӹ壬ҲЩˡ
а취ͣ𣿡ҿѯʵ
иë취ֻܵЩְɵȻ󳹵׻ˣƴɵҲһ˿
һоԼԽԽ䣬Ҳģ


232 绢
ʱҲоԼ忪ʼҵʹ֪Щ̵ʱսĺ֢
ôȥҵǵñǧٿײɣȻȴûа취ȥֶ¼ȥ
ô죿
ô죿
ҲͣԼԺѰµİ취ȴԼûʲô취
ϾҲŸսӴѧûжã֪ĶֱٵĿĿǰΪֹҲֻ侭嶡Ļǻƴִѧġ
ڼʹǻƴɶûʲô취ǰˣʲô취أ
ǿЦû뵽Ҷûг֣ԼԼϣҲò˵һֳˡ۾ң˫ζ
ˣþ䣬Ȼ߽ܳ⣬Ӧܰʱϵþһ㣡ƴɺȻ˵
ҵ˵ͷҲȷֻˣһǿ֧Լ壬ʼȾ
ҲоһҵеŵͳӿЩȽʱҲ˳ȥܸоԼɻʮͷҵ
ھҲҴ򿪵Ÿˣٲµӿˡ
ͷͷСӻİƴЩɬĿ˵
ǿסֵĳ嶯ҧҵıҲЩ
ɣɣҵ뿴㵽ôӲдȥģû뵽˶˵첻ŵ꣬糤ҹȴû뵽ŵȻôģ鴫ȥĻܻһ̸ɣңЦſ˵
㣡ҿŰﲻͣӿĳ䣬ԭЩеҲøӵĽ
ҪҪʧأ㱻ЩɣǸȤζˣһɱ㣬ΪԼȴƫƫѡӸΪ̵İ취ƴɿ˵
һǿѹԼĵǹɱ֮⣬ƴԼ꣬ЩҵĻǸɵ
ȻûõģȻҵƴ£ٶ½ɻڲͣƻҵ꣬ҵ忪ʼ
ʹĸо£ܲסʼҵĲҽ
ΪԼҪ޵ʱҵںȻӿֳһЦ
˵˭
˭ЦӵķһȻС鶼ܴãҶҪۣ
㵽˭ҿ˵
ңеЦѹֲסˣôΪҾ㣡ȴֲ㣡
⻰ŪЩԺˣҸоԼڣһ˫Ѫɫ˸ޱߵĺڰУ˫Ѫɫøɱ
˵ĻǾͽҰɣҿɲٴʱҾ͸оԼǱѪеĽʱҲѾѪݳһѪѪܿͻһҳһģһˣ˫ɨһۣҾ͸оԼ궼Ҫȥˣ

һҵʶһֻ޴ѪֽЩӵУҾǺҳһģһʶһЩҾ֮еȫһƬ
գֱռҵ꣬ЩƬҲѸٵıҵľգԭ鲻ľ˿ҲѸٱ޸
Ҳע⵽һЩԾšҡ˵˭
˭ҡЦԭڰ׷ʱҲѪ졣
ѩ׵ͷɺСԵޱȵ졣
˭ҡЩмЦֱӽİ溺˳ҴӾ濴ǰ溺ڡҡֱһһ
ɫͽɫĽϾȻӿһҵѪɫ棬ҡֱѲѪɫİ溺ɾĳŰն˹ȥ
㵽˭Ҳע⵽һüͷһֱӳȥЩ֪İѸٵȥ
վˣһϵѪɫ滹նĺϣ͵һ죬İųһѪɫĻ䣡
˼˼ŭЦָһץгһīɫĳǹѾɵ˵İ˵ߣԽԶԽã˵ģ
ǣ˵ʲô
ȴֱӰѰһƣ뺦Ҳɣߣ͸ߣ
Ŀһ۰Ѹٵȥ
Уû˼ҡ˫ѪɫŰһ䣬󲽳ŰȥղҪҵھҪ
ĳѸٵն£
ĺãһĳǹšҡ
ɨһƬǹһߣ
Ǹ˴ǹڳšҡʱҲѸٻһɫĳߣͷֱָҡԴ
ҡȻԼ᲻ˣɻǷĳŰȥ
˽һ˲䣬ҡİ溺͵һĳǹץסڵϣݺݵҧҧǹʼ
ҡѪɫ۾һһѸٵĳŰȥ
ûң
ʱҡǰѽ˵ǽ˵ǱҡóһѸͷÿһȥѵһ졣
ɫҲӵĲ԰
ֻѡأȴκ顣
ԭǰ߸ϣֻҪƾܰѹİʱڡҡǰͺһͷСһҲоֵֹģ
ѣѣѣ
һһ͵ȥĳһ˲䣬ڲظǸ˴ǹֱӱҡҵ֣
ҡֱһ˰ؿڣѰ߷˳ȥ
飡
ֱӱ߷ɳȥصһ˲䣬ҡ˸ϣһŶԴϡ
ƾ㣬ҲҪҵ
ֱָԴ
绢


233 ħ
ֱӱǰһĻŵˣʱƴҲ̾һ˵Ȼˡ
ʲôȻˣ
ƴɿ˵ʵϸսСʱҾѾˣǿȺܲѰѾԺնʬĴᲢˣǿȴһֳڣò
üͷʼ˼ƴɵĻƴʱҲ˵ȻֻʵĻҲ˵ϾŵתǿǿһҲû£ȴ֣ڣһʶ
ʲôʶʱҲע⵽ؼˡ
ڵ֧䲻ôǿȣʶǶĿһʶһֿȫ֧ʶֳ֮Ϊħƴ˵ʱҲԵЩء
ħһʱҲԼԼЩоˡ
ûԭħĶ֣ϾŸյʶѪصʱħ˹ĹѸ׳ȻԼʶϣԲǿĴڡƴɿ˵
סˣ˼ǣռҵսǣҵħ
׼ȷ˵սҲ㣬ӵкһļ˼άʽֻѡһܹԼȫӳĵ·ˡƴɿ˵
ǣҲңҲЩˡ˼˵ֻҪѡҪߵ·ʹңҲͬɱ˰
׼ȷ˵ڵİûгѣϾڵ壬ȫˣʤ˵ûͽ󻼡ƴɿ˵룬ӦòŹ㣬ɱ֮ǰðɱ
ҵ겻Ƶİҿ˵
õ˵Ļƴɿһľӡ
棬Ű溺ħЦһűڵϵİԣʵ۷忩
һû˵
ʱҲӦغ磡
ħתͷȥĿһ۰˵Ļȫһ۸˻ȥվԭأ֪Ӧ˵ʲô
ɣҲһ̵ˣղѡ⣬Ҳһ飬Ҫô˵үүҴˣҪôȥħϷʣһͷץסèͷŪڹ֮󣬾Ǳڽŵµİ
ЦӿǷҿžİ֪ΪʲôЦ
Ӧòαɡʱ򿪿˵
ǣħ˵
㲻ǣӵļ䣬ɲʱȥϵʶϺ󣬾ͳռ꣬㲻ɱңΪҪʱ䣬һɱңΣˣֻܻȥˣ˵Σ֪õҵٲصԼ壬ûлٳˣ
ħ仰ŵһɫһ䣬İ溺ҪŰԴȥʱЩȫ飬һǿҴץȥ
ħޱĽٸһʱ䣬ʮӣӣҾܰǷＷǿʺߣ
ҿһֻ޴Ѫְħҵʶ棬ʶһţħȥʱץסſ˫Ѫɫ۾Ķң˵ŰɣҪҵᣬã´ûôõˣվֻߣ֪֮ĻͰ彻Ұɣ
ܹоħɢĿֲϢһЩ˵
ʱеĺɫվٴλʱǰĳѾˣ˿Լİ溺һӲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˡ
ʱһɾֱӴҵĽ´ұ˳ȥ
㻹ѡԼһץǹӵϷֱӱץһĳ˹ɽٴ籡ӭӿ
ҧҧץŰ溺ƲͣĲţƴʱ򿪿˵ú£ղħõ»ڣһ£ֱӺսӦÿȻϽ뿪Сûв´Ļսǻ뿪СǰԱߣҪС֣ӦòڣȻѾˡ
ҵ˵ͷڵĻ𺣣Щ𺣲ͣӿڻ֮еǶϣӿһɹɴҾȹȥ
İ溺ҲӿһɫĻ棬ֱӳŰһնȥ
ǰ֮ǰѾħˣһȥȻҽӣֱӳźȥ
ڣ뿪ƴɶȻ˵
ô뿪Щˡ
ֱ˵һػͿˣƴɿ˵
ػ꣡Ҵ䣬Ҿ͸оһǿҴС
죬ҿԸоһǿƳϯˣùϢ䡣ƴɿ˵
ҵ˵ͷ궦֮УѸٵӡϢܿ˳˲ñ
ҸϢ󣬾һˣˣû뵽Ȼŵ֪꣬Ҿɱˣ

ʱ򣬴⴫һ˵磬ǸŵҲ̫˰ɣȻƭң
ȿȣҵĿҲԵЩղһһСһŻС˱վԪˣ⼸㲻Ҫˣһչأ


234 Ѫ
Ҳչذԭ޵չغҲ˲
ͼŴң˵εͼ֮ӿȻһ٣ҪⳡдͱҪǿʵſԡ˵
˺ˣ˵ʲôʲô˭ҸأġЩεĿ˵
ˣҲǿȥУֻΪ˱֤İȫҲע⵽ˣĲ˵ŵǸ鷳ʵѵ̫ˣҲٺ֮ǰһǸյĵطˡ˶٣˵˵ƺŵһǻתģ໥ɺ󣬲ѹǵͻƵ⣬벶ȸںǾҪǻȸ
Ǹ磬ǲǳԻȸ𣿡ɻĿʵ
仰ʵˣϰز
ˣˣҲ㿪Цˣڵĵ֮ôֹŵ긴˵
ȥһ°ɣ˵
˵Ϣܿʧ˰׸֮Уߺһû֣ڵ״̬ˣǿ϶ֻһ·ˡ
ǺˡСĺͻƴɿ˵
ƴɵ˵ͷ˵ðŪȻ׶༪ˣСһ
ҺٺһЦ˵Ȳ˵ˣǸʲôʲôͼ
ƴҲǱס˲ӵѼһ˺һſ˵Ҳ̫˺ǺͰһģҲĵˡ
ƴôһ˵ҲЩˣôоȫ綼ҵĵˣ
ҼҪ˵Щʲôʱ򣬻ƴɿ˵ˣȻ˵˵ز˾ȥСҲֻһ밡ȥСİɣѾͷСء
ƴ͵һ˵СģŷӦղŴߣҾȻһԼҪСĵģٻȥ
ţӦò뵽Ҳʱȥˡƴɿ˵Ͼȫ뿪СˣĿǰǿȣС滹ûʲôֵܹģҵСģ
ĵ˵ͷȻջƴɵָʾֽܿСҷÿνСĵطģγСĵطȲ֮ǰյĵطҲ֮ǰ뿪ĵط
ط֮ǰߵ·һرߣǳһֺɫĲݣеĲϻʢһ״İɫ䡣
㾹Ȼֱӵطˡƴɿ˵
ʲôطüͷѯʵ
ǻʳĹ֣ҪСЩݣЩɶԻǵãһСģɾͻᱻ߻ǵġƴɿ˵
üͷ뿪˵ЩʲôѪɫĿдһҵЦеЩѪƾȻ۳һʱˣⲻС
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ҹһźµŮӳһֽɡɽ£ܿ죬㵽һͤߵͤУԼŵɡϡ
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ȴû˾ˣָͷ˰Լ̫ѨͷʹСȻˣϣܹڹɡ


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ǳ⳵˾ΪҪȥˣӿǽһɿ죬ҸоԼĶҪɤˣɽ·￪Ķͷһ
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ѪӡѸٵʧˣߵŷǰ棬ƿţûеùζⷿ侹ȻԤϵҪò١
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239 
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áŮ˵ٴȻЬӲڵذϵ
Ů뿪æѯʻƴɣղŵʲô
ûע⵽ʽڴû´Ļ϶Ǻʹйأſùһյƣ˵ɺ𣿡ƴɿ˵
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ӦˣȥǶýɣģͷˣܵˡƴɿ˵
ҵ˵ͷȥҪѵƸȡŵʱҲеţϾණɶǿˣָҳŵʱֿʲôѵƸ˾Ͳˣ
ſʲôûУҴŵʱҲֻһյ͵ƹǶžž죬ҿȣ䣬ķſҲ͵ƣȸһɭɭĸо
Ҳ֪ǲҵĴܸо¥ʲôһֱڶҿֺĿ⣬ŪЩë
ҳĿĵط˹ȥΪʲôûеģû뵽һתͷͿұߵһŷ棬һ䷿ţһЩͷԵС̽ԴĿҡ
˫ڵƺֱܹģ˶ԭˡ
ע⵽ˣСҲϽԼԴȥˣǵһ죬Źˡ
Сʲôæ˵
Ӧ˰ɣûоʲôҲסջķͰɡƴɿ˵
ŶһЩʶɣҲû̫һ£ϾǹҲеˣǧֻѪʬҶʶˣȻ죬治ܶҲ̫Ͼ׺Ϊˮ
Ҹ꣬͵ƾͷžһ죬ըһͻǻֱһСŵ˰ġ
ǻĻˣһԺװƣһװƣҪŵʮȥˡ
͵ȡҰϣԭЩ谵ķ䣬ʱҲÿʼֺĸоԼȫںڰء
ʱƴɺȻ˵ףое˼
ʲôҿѯʵ
һ׼ãѵƴ˺󣬾Ͱѵо̳Ǻö˵ͷܾһƴɿ˵
⵽ʲôðһţһҲȥǸо˵ҿʲôˣоҲ֪ʲôģճĻȻͨĻǻⷴһ׼ȷ˵һĹǲͣȼյĻƺһŹХȼ·һ㣬ϸȥ͸оԼﶼڷ
Ӧù˵Ƥɹɺ󣬻ŲĵоֵоһôоճĻСҪ֪Ǹ˵ƤѾҲˣû뵽طϡеĶȻõģƴһ˵
ˣֵʱҵĺȻһ£ƺʲôϸȥ룬ȴʲô벻
ʱ¥ִһͷӷģͽŲĽӽÿһطƺҪͣһ£˲Ӱɣҵķſһ͹٣㻹𣿡
šͷһڻش
ϱиС͹Ȥμ𣿡ͷһ߿ţһ߿˵᲻ôȥ
ô죿ҪӦ𣿡æʻƴɡ
ƴ˼һ£˵Ӧ˰ɣҲӲ֪ܾᷢʲô顣
ҵ˵ͷһ˵ʲôʱʼ
ͳһͷ֪ͨ͹١ͷ˵
Ǿ鷳үˡЩĿ˵Ͼջƴ˵ģջϰȻǸܣͷӾ㲻ջϰ壬ҲӦǸǰ
޷ͷ˵һ룬Ȼ󿪿˵͹٣Ȼ𣿡
ҿžžŵ͵ƣ˵ԡ
ǾͺãǾͺãͷһ˵ţһЦ뿪˷ſڡ
ͷߺҶоһŨĿϣһּʹҪܣҲܲĸо
ĿͺһҺһ˸оܵҪ
Ǳ˰ƴɿɬЦȻ󿪿˵ò˵һ컯ѰطѰ˶ٴΣҲû뵽һγɳײľҵطˡ
ҺٺһЦ˵˳˧Ҳûа취
㣬㻹ǺúطôȥɣǸʱȻ˽ҳȥҿԸ㣬ȥ˺١ƴɿ˵
üͷȻƴ˵ΣգصȷǺΣˣʱҺȻоԼƺʲô
ϣʲôϸһ֡
һ£ϵ͵ƣ뿴浽дʲô
͵Ƶĵƹܿյˣһ״رĹģֻһۣͿ˼Σˣ
Σһ⻰ҵģ
˼⵽ʲô˼ʱ򣬺Ȼֻ谵ĵƹ£棬һʲô۾
ҡ


240 Ѫӡ
͵һһ͵ƶˤˣʲô
ûҴӾлӵǸͿʼЦӵµݹһţ˵뺯͹һȥμʽˣ뺯Ϳˣ
һǿѹ¿Ҫɤ۵ǹӹ뺯Ǹ뺯󣬾ȻôʧҹɫС
طе찡ƴʱҲ˵˵Ѿһ𻨵ˮ׼ʲôǰӦöεİôĹһûİ
֮ǰôûҸоʽӦûô򵥣ڵΪȥ᲻ЩǵĿ˵
ƴЦ˵㹻ķգ㹻Ļر֮ǰǳôȳֻҪͨʽȫҪջ˰ȥѽȳ
ƴôһ˵ҲȻ԰µʱķɿ죬Ҳô̵ʱھͰԼʬնˣǲʵʵģͨʽõİ취ˣǲμӻе
һԻƴɿ˵ҽҪô
ȿǸ뺯ƴɿ˵ҲϾǰֻ˵ⶫǴĽ紦ؼǼλܣ˸ֲֶˣҿǱȽΣյԵʣôҲû˴
šüͷջƴô˵ĻЩΣˡ
Ҵ뺯뺯ֻһк֣ʮ֮ǰȼ뺯ִʹʱ򡣡
ҿֱѾʮһˣƴʱҲ˵ȹȥɣȥҲ̽̽·ʲôϷ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ϵʲô˼
ʲô֣ƴɿѯʵ
аָ֮ǰҿһȻȷ֪˼֣Һܿͷ֣ǵﻹʲô֡
ֻþ˰ɡƴɿ˵
ɣܰɡҲЩ˼ٴκɵĿһ۵ӣֵϵȷʲôûкҲͰ뺯ŵ͵ϵ
ܿ죬뺯͵յһɵҲɢ˳
㣬ʲôطȥƴɿ˵
㣿ҿɻ͸оԼƤʼӱκ
ڤڤ֮иоԼǱʲôǣסˣһҶһ㣬κҡҡλΣҲ֪˶ãҵƽź˺ܶ࣬оҲӴ½ˡ
ˣƴɵ˹
šԼԴǰһǻ谵ķ䣬Ϊеǹŵ˵ݣƾɵǽϲһһѪӡ
ûҴʵĸог׻ָͳһһѽŵ۵ĵʿʿһºɨһۣЩ߸ϵĿ˵һˣ
ͦʿָ߸ϵĸоģҲһͷµˣҾû̫һ£ֻǵ˵ͷ͵ͷȥˡ
ǵʿƺҲע⵽ҵ̬Ȳ̫ѺãҲһʱֳܿˣ˵俴ͦģϵʿϵʿɫҲЩ£ȻǲԸġ
ϵʿǸһʼĸ߸ϵĵʿͿ˵ɽ̫ϳϸλǣ
Ǹһϵʿϳһ˵ʮǰεɽ̫ϳϣŵľŸ
ɽ̫ϳϣüͷ˵ʵڶɽֻǺеģ̫ϳĸ֡
ЩɽǰѸھ֮УЩ̫ϳϸ顣
ƺϲֱ˹עĸоЦλǣ
䵱ɽġϵʿ빰ֿ˵
䵱ɽҲȥʹɵĽҲҵĺѡЦЦ˵
˵ΣգǻͷʲôΣգ߳չһλϵʿ˵
ȻȻЦ
ʱλϵҲע⵽ңŸ˵λǣ
ҲǸɢްɣҺеưͣҸղŽʱ򣬺˵ҲᡣЩмĿ˵
ŶŶϵŶһҲû˵ˣȻҲҺ͸֮ϵ̫ãǼȻѾѡ͸ˣȻͲˡ
Ҳȥô࣬£Ҳö˵ʲôϾǸһͲʲôǵĹӣҪǱҾŵתȻͷкϷˡ
עɣЦЦ
ʱƣԽԽˣһʮһˣǻɽģȫ̵ģ䵱ɽһǰϵʿܹˣɽֻǸһˣоͺΧƵá
ҲһҪɽһˣ˵ͱˣҲ͸˳Ρ
һ˺һҲɢޣǸӣǺͰף˭˵ϻ֣Ҽµǣӵ־Ȼ࣬еĿ˾͸¿Ƶá
һȦҲƵߣҵļ򣬿˵ǣզһƲְаͷȥˣĿԺܴȥ϶Ҫѧġ
üͷ࣬뿪˵Щʲôʱ򣬾һŮĿ˵ǽϵѪӡб仯ˡ
ʲô˶ǽڿȥ
ÿǽϵѪӡʼζ۳һһ֣


241 ʽ
ȻֵѪҲڳȫעת˹ȥܿ죬ЩѪֵݾ͸ֳˡ
ӭμӼʽʮ֮ǰǰͨǣǰʮһˣδʮǰδͨǣ
ܼ򵥵һ֣ȴЩţ䵱ɽϵʿܿͿ˵δҪҲ̫Եһɡ
μʽҪȥ׼ҿЩʽĴڣʹ˵һ°ɡʱҲ˵
ڳв˶֪ⶫĴڣÿ˶һסһγʼѾڵϲġ
ҶעеԼˣҲЦ˵ջܾǰʹˣҲ͸ɽڲ֪ջĴڵģջںɽʦջԲڡ
дʲôܿ˿ѯʵ
ֻд飬һ¾ջλĽ紦Բ˭ҵģҵˣֻֿܣһģһ־д֮ͨˣͨҵڣڳ˶нİɡ˵꣬Ϳʼһ˿
˶˵ͷܿ죬Ҿע⵽Ǹӣڵͷϴһ˿ЦݣЦݼţϸȥĺѷ֡
Ȼֱעӵĸо˶˵ͷҲЦ˵ڶ£ڽջֻ֮ҪͬƹĵƣζѾͬ˽ʽʱĻͻҲ˵ûˣʱѾġ
˶һȻЩų⣬ϾǶ䱻ģ˶ôһ˵ʽ˵ķеġ
죬˵¾ǹʽģɽһڣھͼһ£ǾʽΪ׶ΣֻҪżֹ׶ΣǾͿջϰΪԼʵһԸ
˵ҶѾӻƴ˽ˣʽΪ׶εҵһҲЩˡ
κԸҪͳأʱһͦĵʿ˵ȫǱߵˡ
Ȼǰϰõ飬ֻ֮ڵ飬ɽļϼأϰпʵѾնʬļˣѾնңʥˡ˵
˵꣬ڳȫһնʬʵļ𣬶ڳ˵ֱ˵Щ߲ˡ
ڸ˵󣬺ܿ˿˵ǲμӵĻ˳𣿡
ʼ磬˵ܲ˳ҾͲˣҺһ飬Ǿʮ֮ǰڳûеͨǵĻ
⻰һڳɫ̫ÿˡ
ЩСģʼԼԴ߶ʦүˡ
Цǰһֱ޵ĵʿڿˣ̬һء
ݼأջļʽΪ׼޵ߵħڵģȻܹ׼ĳģǿջϰŻʵһԸȻ߱ǰȻǸ߸һʽʮֵΣգô棬Ӧֻ֮һ˿Իŵͨǡ˵
˼ǣֻĸ˿Իͨͨ𣿡Ͼ˿˵
ģÿ˶ͷжŻҵĽǣ۳һӣһʹ̶ȵı֤Լҵ˽⣬ֻҪͨһʽͿѡ뿪Ǽǰߡ˵
˵꣬һ˵ȻֻҵڳͬҵĹ۵ģԾ֡
ܿ죬ڳҲһˣϾְ취ȷǱ֤Լȥð취ӹɵġ
ҿ£Χȫֻ֣һ˹û֡
˵ʵȻЩ߸ϣҶɽ̫ϳûʲôøУ˵ĵȷǶԵģطҪȵɺ̫ˡ
ϸ˼һ£Ǿ֡
˶ͬˣЦſ˵Ȼ˶ͬҵĹ۵㣬ôҲ˵ӵȷǴǱȷ˰ɡ
һûжӳָӣһţǺûжʲô𣿡ʱ䵱ɽһϵʿ˵
֮ǰյʱ򣬺͸ĻȵǸϵʿ
Цβ¶ˣҲû̫Щ˸Щͼǡ
ҲԣɣǶҽһ£һȷҵʱðţҲܿ˭ʵߣʵߵˣܷڣҾΣ䵱ɽһϵʿҲ˵
Ҳڳ˶ͬˣȷˣʵߵˣΣյԤʲôģúܶ࣬ʵߵ˴ȫӣȷĿǰõѡȻʵҲ̸ߡ
λͷСֵܣʹ㿪ʼɡǸЦЦҿ˵
֪鷳ˣҲû⣬˵ţʮɢޣ˶һ𻨡

ڳȫЩ𾪵ĿңȻҵʵŵˣϾУֻҪ˶ģ϶ڴˡ
Ȼ֪һУҲͲ̫ˡ
ʱ򣬸ҲЦһ𻨰СֵɾͿɱҵҪ̫ˡ
üͷô̵ʱ棬Ҳ˽ˣ˾Բôȥޱˣ


242 ֤
Ȼڸ˵꣬Ͼ˿˵ҵѾնʬ˵ĴأôͷԭҲֻһ𻨰
̧ͷ˵˿һۣ䵱ɽһӣϵʿҲɵüͷ˵ʵûκͻҲ£Ҳ°
ʱҲæ˵ǣôô˵أλСֵӦֻеĬԣǴͷ
ҾͿװƷǽǵ˵һۣ˻ȥ
ʱҲһЦ˳˵Ļ˵ûиģҰ۾óݲȡ
ҿ˸һۣȻӸ濴һԵøоЦЦһ㣬ҿһĿͦǳˡ
͹ˣȻͦ˻󣬵ȴûʲôвֲЦ滢濴崺磬ʵϹǸơ
ʣҲҽɽɵǼȫ۷ˣ䵱ɽϵʿŸ۵ĿǸһ㣬ǵļһҲ۷塣
ȫ̵ǼλһѾһ𻨣˶ģڸϣҲȷһ֡
𻨣ͲһͿնʬˡ
ȫǸſ˵λүҾһͨˣڱţסģλͨϣСܵ㡣
㲻ˣüë˵ţʮͽˣҪذ
ҿ۸֪һѾȷԼʵߵˣֱӰԼ뵽ӳȥˡ
ҲĵЦ˵ţү԰ɣ
үˣʮͿˡҵĿ˵˵ʵһ治̫ϰ֣¸ֵ֪ĻҲԼֱţʮ
Ȼһ㣬ҲȷһֵģԭЩҵĶ飬ھıźҲʼ
ҺǸȫѾһ𻨵ʵߣǰ棬ϵʿʵȽм䣬Ǽ۷Ϻ
ȷλú󣬸Ҳ˵ˣȻѪ˵Ҫʮ֮ǰͨǣҲ˵ǵʱܻЩϣûʱī˷ˣھͳɣ
ϣ˶˵ͷŸȥ
ߵ棬ҾˣΪһƬѪɫգѪɫҺϤⲻ֮ǰС
ѪɫպСЩ̫һСѪɫ滹һֹȴûУеֻޱ޼ʣѪա
һһŨĹʱҲüͷС򣿡
ӦòСϢȷʵС񣬵ȴֲ̫һСֹһֻȻɵĸоĹȴǱ˿ģӦһ˿ĵطרģСġҰѻƴ˵Ļȫһ顣
ϾӣЩϢûǹĺãҵĿǾȳ磬ǺǹĶǵǡ
û뵽ǣҸհѻ˵꣬͸оһĿɨ˹Ǹġ
Ŀݼţܿͻº͵Ŀ⣬Ǹתͷҿ˵ŶλСֵƺȥС򣿡
šʱҲӦƺǵˣϾ˰ɣȷʵЩСۣҸղǻȻڽΪʲôȴǿ˵껰ĵϣ͸һҶñ࣬ţƣĸо
һ뵽⣬Ҳ֪ԼӦأӦЦʱˣЩ߰飬ڵĵ֮ǹĶǣôߵͨǰ
ţƵİɣȻͷ˵㣬͹ԣֻжʮ꣬ҿǶһ𻨵ʵҲǴİɡʱҲ˵
ôһ˵ҲЩ˼ĿңһЩɡ
ȷһʮ۶ֱ֣ЩδţδҲ˲Լͷϵ亹̧ͷȥǣ˵ô˵ҪһҵǲǶ˿
ȻЦⶥĸ䵱Ҳ̫ܵϳˣһʮˣš
ֳҲûϾڵĶӳǸʵߵҲֻҪ۾ϹģԿóҺ͸֮ȷЩìܣǾǸһɵģΪҶ
Լÿ˶ѡ˳Ĭ
ʱЦվ˳˵ȻҲƲţֵܵΪţֵ˵ģΪԼѣϾλùϵҵİȫô³çˡ
˵һ㣬һ˵Ҿ֪϶Ҫˡ
ȻΪ˵ûʵȴǰĽһҲЩЦЩĻǶЩ˵
Ȼ䣬˵ɫҲˣԭЩ²ѣ߸߹ӣ˵λùϵҵİȫʱڻ̲סˣһҵҲ̫Ѻ
ҵıȺ˸ˣʱٵ͵ȥҪˣҿǰһģǣʼ磬Цſ˵˵еʱ㲻ܴűҲ
˼ǣǴﵽ翩֤һ¸ҿǺʾĿ˹
ȻҪ֤Ҿ֤㿴
ЦڵƬ𺣽ǽεĽϣһӴҲҸ߶ֱֱɱȥ
ҲʶĿֲԣŴͣɫŵ÷ס


243 ѡͼƻ
Ҳûмʹȥ˺ǣϾڻûеĳ̶ȣһҪڸĶУúõһ£ʽô£ƾͺһڽʯϵĺһȻƺƴ󣬲ȴûжԶԷʲôʵԵ˺
ΪĿʼͬһ㵴ڳ˶оƵɫһ䣬˸֮⣬˿ҵҲЩˡ
ЦЦ˵ô֤Լĸ𣿡
㡭˿ڿˮ˵ƺоԼôˣЩ̫ã죬Ҫ˵ʲô
ƺ˸ղɢǹƣſָ˻ȥ
Ȼûаǵľǿٶһ£˵ˣҲʼ磬ȻˣҲûʲô˵ˣɡ
Ҹղô˵ţţֱȻûʲôģһ˵ţһҵļɨһۣûһ
Щεİ־ڿУԳЦЦˣȻҵⶼˣǾͳɡ
ֻҪǸˣҺ͸Щ̫Ըˡ
Ϊڵĵ֮ЩѪдŵݣҲͶû˵ʲô
ʱɽǼλվ˳һĵӣ˵ǻɽóף֮ǾĿǰԣǲ̫ͨǵǸʲôĵطôϹߣ֮ǰᵽԾʦֵܶΪռҲͶͶ״ɡ
лˡǼɽĵʿĿ˵
Ȼоαò˵ȷǺܻˡ
վĻɽʿôһ˵ɫҲúÿ˺ܶࡣ
ɽʿÿ˵ﶼץһͭǮԭͭǮһȦȻְŪһͭǮЩ߶߶ģʱƴɿ˵⼸ɽӣȻֲ֮Ҫ֪ʹңҲ־׼̶ȵĲ
ûʻڳͭǮʹһϢƺڤڤ֮ʲôǣһ㡣
ɽʿ۾һ۾ͬĿ˵ʦֵܶûĻͨڶϷ򣬾ֻһٹңҲ˵һˣ;ʲôʮĵ֮ǰǿԵͨǵġ
һߵߣС˵ţ֣淢ìܵĻҿ϶վߵģǸһӵµһӣȫ綼ǷǮһˣȻģţΣյʱԥˣ㲻ᡣ
ЩԾĿ࣬û뵽ô̵ʱڣྐྵȻô˽ҡ
Ц쿪˵ھǳԹŶģĸ˾ĸһ˫۽𾦣ǽпһ׼һ
죬ʱ᲻㣬Ҳ˵ô˵ȥЩ˿ɻҲߵˣϾҲûɶãɾֻһ˲ˣֹطִڣɲƿ𣿡
ɫһߣ۸ԼĲӣ˵ˣҲ˵ˡ
˵ֻصԼλˡ
һȺ˼ǰȥһҲоЩԾ˵ҸоЩԾ
ʲôԾüͷ˵
ûз֣һ·߹ʲôڸǰƴɿ˵
жڸǣұƴɵĻһ鲻Խľ˵˳
ȫͣҲң˵ʲô
Ҳ̫Ӧÿĸоɣְĵطǲһֱð亹ҰѻƴɵĻһ顣
ڳ˵ĻȫŰɵĽְĵطܿ죬һɫЩ̫
ȷǸоڸǣǶ˵ȫλһһ𻨵Ĵڡ
Ҽǵ֣ǽӢ
ʱҲָ˵˵ûȷ˸ǣ˵ô죿
ѡ񣬵һȽΣգȴûʲô֮ǣڶĿǰǱȽϰȫģҲᷢʲô顣ʱҲ˵
˵޷һ࣬û뵽ʱ˵ľȻǶࡣ
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ǵڶ취أ˵꣬Ͼ˿ѯʵɫҲЩȡ
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248 
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Ϊʲôɻſ˵
ΪͷʶƴɿɬЦЦʮǰұڻɽЩУʱڻɽ壬ҪһͷϸͷϢǲдһĶͷԼԼһֻ۾
ƴôһ˵Ҳʼȥעͷͬ˵һ
ЩǿԱðҿ˵˵ģͷûнĻðͷпܾǿջģ³ġ
ȻҲܣԺСڹô׾ͱҳģղûоһɵȻ֮𣿴һ֤ڹƴɿ˵
˼ǣüͷŻƴɿ˵
ʱòҪʧԼʵˣҵĽǾͷоųɵĸʲڼ顣ƴɿ˵
ҵ˵ͷȷͬƴ˵һʱһԩˣǶʧһԼòʧ
ЦЦͷ˵λɽǰȻˣ˶ǰڹ֮ͬǰһ㣬ǰڹǰĻһΣ
ͷЩ㵵۾һۣ˵Ͳڹɱ𣿡
壬ǣǰڹҲţҵαΣգǰڹɱңҲΪԼζ򵥣ûʲôñԹġЦſ˵
úúãͷĿһۣұ߶ˡ
ʦ壡ǻɽ껹Ҫ˵ʲôȴͷ˰ֹˡ
ͷߵߣһһ仰û˵
Ҳ죬Ҫ˵Щʲôʱ䵱ɽͷվһָҵıƿڴʲô˼ڹ֮ǰлɵʱǷһ㻹ҪЩǴһİȫһ𣿡
ɨǸͷһۣ˵ٸظһ飿
䵱ͷ죬Ҫ˵Щʲôҵ۾дһ˿η壬Ȼˡ
վ䵱ͷЦſ˵ô˵ˣղ˵Ĳͦ𾭵𣿡
ڰڹһ䵱ͷվ˵
üͷɨǸͷһۣ𺣴߶ŽɽһӳǸͷѹ˹ȥЦſ˵УȻ˵ҰӣҾͰˣʧԿڹɵĶ㣬ҾͲˣϾһС˲ֵðӣڶʵֵҰӣ
䣬Ʊ㵽ǧһޱߣ


249 ڹ
ҵһѹͷɫɷɷ׵ģʲô˼
ҵ˼ɨֳһȦ˵Ҿû⣬ҪĻǾʹҡ
ҪҪ䵱ͷңɫĲơ
Ц˳ʼ磬˵治ʲôʸ˵⻰ҪʲôҴһ֮⣬ƺûʲôǿİɣһ˵ǿⲻ𣿡
㣡䵱ͷָָңȻҸĲС
죬ûǿ˸˵Ҫˣûѡ
ȷ𣿡Ŀһۣɻ
죬˵Ȼ
Ǳ㣡Ŀ˵
ҿһ۸ѸתĿǰеڸô˵ʱǸ䵱ͷҲˣ˵ϣðɣ˺пܱڹ
޷䵱ͷһۣû˵ˡ
䵱ͷԣΪиɽڸˣôû˺Եʱˡ
ݺݵĵһۣû˵ˡ
ԼıӣĪһѵˣʱǸɽͷҲߵҵǰЦſ˵Ϸ³лСѴȡ
ҿһ۳³˵Լ취ȷ㲻ڹôҾͲԼôװʧⲢڰ㣬ǰԼϾֻҪԽ࣬ҵڹɱļʾԽ󡣡
ʼǰϷ𣿡³΢΢һЦ˵ĿʲôǱϷ֮ˡ
Ҽ³ɻǱĹ۵㣬֪һִ֮ˣЦЦû˵
ʱԭĵƹ⣬Ȼ׼ȷ˵ⲻǵƹⰵˣ䶼ˣֻмһţƵĹȴ̶ûɢ
ֻܿһǣͻأҫۣǲɢ⡣
ʲôôֺˣڰ˿˵
⵽ô£ڶ˵Щˡ
ȫûа취ƣһ֪϶ǸڹˣæһԼ忿ڽڹ͵Ϯҡ
ĻǸڹҪ͵ϮңҲܱʮҪǿöࡣ
ҸհԼĺڽʱ򣬾ڰ˾ҵĲҽһޱȵңǿҪһ
˭е˭Ͼ˿˵
ԽԽ˿ʼΪźͿ־忪ʼûЩҵ˲ͱøӵ޷
ҸʲôòǸڹɣ˿˵
ү㾹ȻҶ֣Ͼ˿˵
˭ӽңҾɱ˭˻ŵĿ˵ЩЪ˹
סĿǰһƬڰ֪һǳ׵ˣΪͻĺڰ˿϶ҪΪ־ɱУ
ȻҾΪ˹ŭ
˿ʼҵĺȡ
ˣˣ׵ˣ˵̬ˡ
ڵĳѾǸڹĽˣҪɱԼĵԼȻͿ޼ɵĶǳˣ
ԸܵһɢϢ
ʼҵģϮжþͻֵˡ
ʱô˵ִֻ֣Ҫڳ˶ҪٿԼɱĴ۰
һ뵽⣬æ˵ҶҪţҪҶɱֻǸڹĽУҪЩɱ
Ҳܣ˭ҪңҾɱ˭
ɱ㣡

Ӷֻҵڳռ䣬һķҵѹָоҾĸһУҲʼоЩˡ
ȫʧؼҵԤ֮Уҵ֮⣬Ȼҳǩ
ȻѾ׼黹ҿʼû
ô죬ô죬ô죿
ҲҪĻ˭ƴɸ˭չС˭չҵĸĸ
С
˭ѸӾ֮оȳ
һôû꣬һ
ʵҵһӿҵҲʼ
ߡʱһͻأЦ˹ЦǴ洫ģǴҵĵס
˭ҿʵ
ûãֻҪӦԺ󶼰ңû飬飬Ҳһаޱȵҵֳ︡
ħʶĿ˵
ħһ˿ǿҵĳζҲħǸǿ㣡׼ȷ˵ħųǱǿħڵԸҪǿߣֱͺһ
㣡һҲ彻ģ
Ұɣܸܰûа취鶼Ӧ㲻ңջǻ⣬Ͱңãܰûн飬Ͼһ㣡ħ˹ƻԡ
һ֪ħ˵Ķģĳһ˲Ķˡ
ǰôجج԰ûɵ飬Ļ־棬ӦþͺƵɣ
̾һ뿪ڴӦƴɿ˵ҪӦӦˣˣĸϳĶռ壬ֻħ
ǡҸ뿪˵ʲôͱƴɴˡ
ˣ֪ڹ˭ˣ


250 ڼǸ
˭ұƴɵĻֱעȥæѯʵ
ƴЦȴûֱӻشҵ⣬ò˵ıõúãղŲ־³³ĻɾͳȦˣҲôһңףŻóıűҿȻ
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ƴɿ˵һ̫ȷڸĻһҪˣȻϾҪˣȷٺ˵
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ʱħҲϢʧˣͺǸղŴûгֹһ
һҲʼҷÿζʱħͻҵҪռȡҵ塣
ԺԲԼôˣҪסԼ꣬Ҫħ
˼ʱ򣬺Ȼҿŵǽϣһֻ֣סҵ
һûеҵĶߴ˹ҡ
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ѾޱȷˣڹǸҵĶߴȻסҲ˿
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üͷһ˵ǣץڹɵ˳³
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ҺȻ׹ˡ
һʼʱŻϢΪǸԸһʼҪӳҪ£öӳݣͶƱǵһһ˵Żһ
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֮ǰ˵ģǼٵˣ۾˵㲻ɽĵӣʵҲصģѾƭһˣʲôȥ㣿
ֻȷһЩˡҶЦ˵಻ң׽Ϊʶͺ𣿡
סˣʱҲҵĶߴ˹ˣƾҪˣ㲻Ҫ¶һŵϢҪܸֻܿˣҪǱһţͲðˡ
˵ǶԵġƴɵʱҲҵҸղŻһЩʣѾˣ춼ڰ㣬©֮ǰ̫ȷǸڼȻ඼ûҲָ֤˸ôڹǸ
üͷʱ򣬷ĺڰʼѸٵȥмʱҲųĳҵͫײɵһ
Ϊңֻиţȫˣ
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֮⣬ֻһûгˣڵʲôôû֡
ղҪԱԲԼǽ棬ںˣҶ֣ҰԼǽ棬оͺ׽һ
ŸһԶæλãԼ͸֣ƶĹУҲγİ溺ʱҪԱ
˵ԭΪֻûģû뵽㾹Ȼڹ֪һʼǻʱҾӦüᶨɱ㣬ںˣеһж׷ˣ
ҿŸҲЦ˵ˣ㻹Ҫװģʲôʱ򣿡
ϻö˵ĿңеɱʼŨ
ֳָֽһֱҡ
ýָʱҲһָܾǰƴɾͽˣһֱûգû뵽ȻóôڵĽָָҪҵ
ָǰԼָָָʳָסָָ£ķָСָָģָϡָҼԼһߴ˷ʹַ£Ҳ뷷
ô죿ҿѯʻƴɵ
ƴɿ˵ܣ
ܣһ£й갡
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ԭˣһڸֳָֽʱҿٵĴһ⣬ͣһºѸٵĳſڶŶȥ
ӸҶĸһٵŽ׷˹
ܳҲˣԭɸɾСʱȻĹ»ҰпǸղһԵʣ
ô죿æѯʵʱЩ»ҰȫѾˣһתͷңкɢо֮ǰǰСʱ;·Ǹӻֲ


251 
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ҵ˵ͷŸûг׷ѸٵĽŲǲָָ䣬ķָѹסָָָ⣬ָѸٵĿ»գףͨǧȴа棬ڣԪͨ棬˼Һ棡
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ܣƴһο˵
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Ҳ֪˶ãܿ죬ҾܳǷ֮أϵҲʱˣһܣҲҲٵͣʱҲͣĴŴ
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ҵ˵ͷ׼Ըİɣǻ
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һѧ񣬶ʱڻĺŪá
һ׳ҲЩջƴɵ˵׳ǰڷӡԼʱһʶҲ˵ڵİǶ׳ʶڵġ
ôûֿܣǣʶˣ׳ƿأ
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ϸ룬пԺͰᲢ۵ʵʱǲĵʱɱ˰棬׳»أ
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ҵ˵ͷҲѾ㶨ˣҼӿٶȣʣȫú̧ͷʱҲ˸һڳ߹ϵ·õģȻղžһս


252 µĸ
ʱҾһ£ôˣ
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253 ġҫ
໰䣬ɫͱˣȻҲ֪Լһ£ǾǴʧɱڹĻᣡ
Ҷ챻ιȥˡ
ƴҲͣţģӲôõһ֣ѸˣҲȷǸԻˣղǾͲһ㣬Ͳһͳɹ˰ǳҲҲ
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ǡһҪ˵ʲôƴɾͿ˵ܣⱾǷģûɱˣҲ䵽ΣյľˣΪǷģ㲻ҪΪ˶оʲô
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ұоһǿҵѪϷֻӿҵ棬ԭѾЩݽߵһ˲䣬ޱȵıͣڼ͵ĸо
ȫĸоֱҪҺ
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ƺʲôҪĶҵԺ˳ȥ
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ͣҵӿţҶŻƴɿ˵سɴ磬𣿡
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255 Ĳ
ҵһسɴǰĸоر𲻴ΪԶľ룬ԼֻһžͲȹȥˡ
һԼĲͣľʾԼ
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ŵ㣬Ϲˣһе֮ǰ뿪ķ񱼶ȥ
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ĵ˵ͷٴμӿٶȣڵԴԴϵӿҸоԼľҪűˡ

ʮǰ뿪Ӱ󣬸һǰ࣬Цſ˵û뵽ڹ벻׵ǣΪʲôҪһɱˣڵʵҪɱˣҲȫܰ
ЦΪʵϣһʵ˲ҵʵȻߵģǺĻҲ赲ңʵҲ֤ҵΪȷģղҲһͱֵ󷨸ɱˣмһֵĻĺΣա
ô˵󣬸ɫҲǱˣȻҲԼղŵΪȷЩʧܣһ˵ȷңʱû³çĹƻĻĽ
ҪԼܵʱ𣿡Цһһţһ￪ʼŨĹ
ľٶҲɵһĺ࣬˵Լ飬ͱҪԼֲ˵׼еԼľûеĻ˻ʲô壿
һ˵ţŵĳҲʼ΢ĲදֵĻҪһʱ͵ֿԼĶ֡
٣Լһʱ䣡
ܰɣܰɣܵԽԶԽãڵʱ仹ֻܶ࣬Ҫ׷֮ǰӵͨǣɹˡ
ϻûбɵˣ㾹ȻѡԼȥȡɽ˵ǺЦЦ˵ʱѡԼܣҵʵҪ׷㻹ЩѣȴѡԼĵߡ
ôһ˵ɫҲǷ˾ҵı仯Ķ࣬˵Ϊô˵ƿŲ롣
֮ǰûк˵һ߳Ÿһ߿˵ֻ㣬СӵıţʮʱӦø㣬֣ΣھͲɵˣ
Σظһ֣ԼԼоֺϤһҲ벻
Ϊɽ̫ϳϣļǺܺðһһЦſ˵һ䣬ɽ𣿡
ôһ˵ŷӦһ˵ʦүת
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ʵҪϺܶ࣬ʹѾ׼ˣĹɻԵޱȵķ
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ƣڱûϾȥ˵Ļ⣬ֻҧƴĵֿĹ
ģϵЦҲӵķˣĹ֮֮ǰҪӵǿң籩һ㳯Ÿȥȴڿ˵㻹ûзΪĵĽԼô־ܣϸ룬ԼҪأɽδҪӦȥô֮ɽʱɽʲôĺ
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ΪһҲԲ
⣬ͣѪɫҫɫʣɫҲѸٵı÷
ĳһ˲䣬޿ײĹͻ˸Ľ⣬һȫһֻȫɹɵץס˸ĺֱӰѸץ˰С
ĿĿŸ˵һԸҸıˣҲһ
˵ֱӰѸ˦ڵϣһŲڸֱϣ˵ô㣬ڿڷߣ
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ԣ
һ죬ֱӲ˸ֱۣϲͣ亹ĸЦſ˵㻹ûкڣôֵˣ
ҧΪʹͷѾоԼԴЩѣˣһںҵ⣬ұǲͬǵɽˣʦүתҵʦүҲҶԽ֮£ֻоҵȡʦүİȫΨһڵǣûʦүݣ񣡡
ظȷǲҪˣĿŵϵĸ˵Ҳûʲô˼ˣȥɣ
˵һųŸԴȥ
ǲͣӽĽƣûѡ۾Ȼʹı鿴ЩЦ˳˵ɱңҵĵɴϣ
ҵҪ༴ϸԴ˲䣬üͷһѸٵ˿һղڵλֹȥ
һ˹
ղҪû㣬ˣ


256 ҹ
ӸϿջֱ˼ʮĿյϣ¡һ̳ɿŵĽָŶܿ࣬Цſ˵ܺã
ɫˣң۾ڴЦҾ֪ûбô򵥣ҲΪʲôûֵԭ򣬿ҵѡȷģ
ɨһۣ죬ûнӻǿϵĸ˵û𣿡
㿴ҵӣ𣿡ɬЦЦ
ҿŸѾȫ۹ȥֱۣ죬ֻ״ֻ̬ҪеƶԻָƻϣԽӻȥҲкܴĺ֢죬ԼѸղŸҿеů˳˵㲻Ļѡ赹ԡ
ȻᣡЦֱӽǰů˸ڣҲоԭЩݽߵůİ£ҲʼѸٵĻů
Ƶõȹ̧̺ͷ࣬˵˵Ҳ㱻ƭȥˣʵɹҲֻһ֮ңˣ
˼ǣѾʧˣ۾оԼսʤˣ
üëָһİ溺ֱӻһƯĽҵǰ࣬˵Լһսʤˣ
һʼЦϵĹʧȥ˿һӿţ֮еЩҲȫӿȥ
еĹͱȽŨο¹꣬ôһЩŨĹ۳һޱ׺ģ
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죡ڷչЩĿңչٶȲЩŨĹƺҪѬճһͷһ㡣
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ԭǲҪҵģΪⳡУʹõԽ٣õĽԽ࣬ʵ̫ڷˣһ٣ٶĻٻҵļƻҲһθֻˣʱͨƤҲʼĺɫġ
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ʱƴɺȻ˵ðȡĿǰʵѾ׬ĲˣڵʵӦǿԽǰҹģ
ߡƴɵĻħҲһ˵
ʲôҿѯʵ
ƴɿ˵ҹֵĻҿ϶ǻὨϽܵģΪܣƺûѡˣȻʵǣڵҲǸ𻨣޽ӽնʬˮ׼ˣһɵҹ棬ûκʤ㡣
˼ǣҿǰȻѾǣЩ࣬ѯʵ
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ҿ࣬ҲеģϾɢĿֲϢʹЩԵֿġ
ǸûǵĹȴҲʵʵӵննʬʵֻǶˮ׼Ĺ
ʤ


257 ָ
Ǻ֣Ȼô룬ȴûһ˿˿Ŀ־壬෴һԾԾԵĸоƴɵĻԾԾԵĳ嶯
Ҫն˶Ĵڣʲôʵ
ҲΪҵİħ߲Ż
Ҳᵽʧȥ˰һֶôص顣
ڵѾȥ˼̫Ķˣһ˵Ӧô
ǵʮ޼֮ǰùȻʧˣڣ󷨻ûֻҪһ߶ҹĹһ߽֮ǰʮ޼ӦþʱԵסҹ棬ֻҪסͿˣҹҹʱ䲻ֻ̫Ҫסһʱ䣬عûа취ɱҲԭΣʱԪ˵ͲĶ֡ƴɿ˵
ƴ˵꣬Ҳһ֪ƴ˵ûд취ȻЩȡɣĿǰԣȷǶԸҹð취ˡ
ҸͲҹĶ֣Ҫսʤֻõ취ˡ
һҲʼıЩǰ࣬˵ȻˣҾͿʼжˣ
˵ֱ꣬ߵ֮ǰõʮ޼ĵطջƴɵİ취ʼ¼ʮ޼
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䣡
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æԱһ㣬㿪һĳײҵĳײǿϢǽѾ㵽һߵֱӸε÷
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˵㲻һ£Ҳƴɵ仰Żˡ
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Ӧô죿æѯʵ
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ȷҿһ䡣
ǺȷƴҲЩɬЦЦ
԰ɡ֪ʱ򿿻ƴҲѾЩסˣ£ҲֻܿԼˣ
һѾתңĳҳ࣬ٵĳһٻ۱ȥ
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һÿһγײȻûײңЩԵĹһȵˣÿһαЩķʱҾ͸оԼڵѪһƬӿ
ʱѡǾˣ
ǿѪĳ嶯һγһٻۣһΣҸհۻָûг׽伤Ѿ嵽ǰˡ
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а˸ۻûмҲ֪ܻܲǸʱˣ
ѹסһҪѪĳ嶯ûнӽ֮ǰѸٵĳһ۳ȥ
߸


ʮ޼۱һָֻʣʱһαϯеңҲоԼڵѾȫʧˡ
;ƿˣ
Ҷҹ״̬࣬ȻҲЩȴȫûҪָԭģӣҲ˵ҿЩ治תˣ
ô죬ô죡
ԼԺ治ͣŰ취ȴԼ벻ʲô취
һĪչʱһֱڻָĸʱҲվĳһ˵Ҫ飬԰õ𣿡
ҿЩҡҡ׹ĸЩ̫ȷܲܶ㿪ˡ
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ǿڷĸоٵĻָЩ˵
ŵ㣬Ͼͺã


258 ʧ
עȥͬʱҲǿӣٵȥЩٻۡ
۵ʱﻹͦĸģϾʱͲǺܺãȻůָԼҲЩˮнҲ֪ܲܳŵ
룬һһʵģһ죬ʵļһ˵Ҫа취Ķࡣ
Ӧа취ȥʱȥġ
Ҳ˷ĸøϿӿٶȲſԡ
ҧѸٵĿʼ
һ棬Ȼа취ĿڴͺǰٱһƷһЩƴɶ˵ַĩ
ȻıӵҰе۶óɹˣһŸ˵ѾúˣϽ㿪
˵ͷ˵ʲôλãһ¡
ŵλŪһ˵о𣿡
ԣ˵
һڸŵ˲䣬ϽŲǲ̫ӡ̫ӡֱӶȥһָʮ޼аħ

οҵΪǵԵʣڵĺɫ澹Ȼʼøʢȼյĺɫֱ֮ӻ۳һХŵĺɫмϯȥ
𣡡쳤ХֱһȭǺɫϣԭŻ֮ĺɫȻֱӱһȭˡ
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ôһ˵ŻȻ򣬶вͣŵ࿪˵
ҵĶָճͿЩɫѸ۳ֱ۴ֱֵӳ֮еȥ

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ô죿ƴҲЩˣԭһֱָȻôˣɼҲЩˡ
ô֪ô죿ûĿ˵ͣԼע뵽ЩУסࡣ
ȻرҸջָҲѸٵɢȥֻĸʱ䣬Ҫ׿ݽˡ
ƴҲע⵽һ㣬̾һֻôˣ
ôҿ˵а취
ȻЩɱȡѣҲûа취ˣ򲻵ѣһǲ붯ŵƵġƴɿ˵
ٲãҾҪˣҿ˵ʱѾɢһˣֱѿĺɫţ۳žҪˡ
˺ѿһЩͳķӡõͳЩͳʵõģ̫˷ˣƴ̾һ
Ҿ͸оһɳʵޱȵ͸ͳֱӿҵڡ
һоͣѸٵ۳ɫ˦һ֮֮ǰӴ׳ĺɫϡ
ڵĵͳҲʼѸٵ˥
ܿ죬ڵͱ䵽֮ѾЩήĽֿʼˡ
ˣֻôˣҪٶһ㣬ͳͲȶȥˣֻܳ׻ԺûˡƴɵҲ˺ܶ࣬ͺ͵ͳںϵģڵͳѸɢҲкܴ˺
ҸоѸٳӯҲ죬˵͹ˣ
˵ּ꣬ӴЩѸٵİϣһΪԵʣȻİסˣǳЦһ˵һع˾˼ڤס
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۳žҪѳ
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Ͼ֮ǰԹĿޱȵľ׼ģҹȴֻһԵӷŹЩ˷ѵģֻҪ֯һĹҺ͸˾ͻҷˣ
ҼӴ˶ԺɫԿסϾҪѿ࣬ǶǾӾһЩɫֻܽס࣬Ҫҹ״̬ŪǵҪع֡
ͷع
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Ȼ˿ںܶ࣬û˵
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𣡡һУϵĺɫֱӻƬһȭعľǰһ죬ֱӰع澵ӸҳƬ
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259 ࣿ
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һ죬ҹֱӽҵʮ޼˷飬ĺɫҲֱɢ˿У
˿̵࿴ͺ޽һ㣬˸о˾
ҿһ۸˿ҲһĿҡ
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ԣܣ͸˷ֿܣѾЩˣܵһһɣƴ̾һ˵
ȻҺƴ˵ǶԵģʱܵĻҵŬƺûκá
ҸղƴƴĻΪʲô
ʱȻһûʧʱˣƴɵİ취Ȼõİ취ˣʱ䶼ܵһȽϺá
ҿһ۸˵ӵʱӣǷֿܰɣܹһ
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ҡҡͷ˵߰ɣ򶫣һСʱûб׷ϵĻһͨǵλøϹȥϣԻɣ
˵ֱӳŶ񱼶ȥʱÿһʱ䶼ޱȵ󣬾ԲԼʱ˷˵ϣ
ҿʼѡˣ̾һҲ˵ģȥ
ղŵͳһָΪʮ޼ԵʣѾһ룬سɴҲҪĲҲƴĿʼָԼ
ָٶʹõĿ죬ȻҵĻָٶѾǼˣ۳һ
һٶȥֻҪСʱҾҪˡ
ܳȥ幫ʱ򣬴ĵطȻһǿϢʹǾôԶɻһĺ
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ʱһޱǿңǱˣҾܸоһɱŰϢϯɱŰϢƺŨѪζ
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ܵѸٱƽϢһμӿǰĽŲ˵Ҳûа취ģϾѾˣҹǾԼɾͿ׷ϸ׷ܵñȽϿҺһɡҿ˵
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죬ȴû˵ʲôǰ񱼶ȥ
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ܿ죬ҾܹҵӽпˣʱҲѾЩ;ƿˣܵԼѾȫݽ˵зĳ׷ࡣ
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Һ͸һۣ˵˵ͷˣܵÿ«浽ʲôҩ
ܿ죬Ǿͱ˷ֱͬԺ棬ϴ󣬻Ǹǵۣ̽ɫߡ
˾ӺҲŷǼۺ֣ǿ󣬾޴ĶñѹֱӰҵס̽ĺһظ߹ĸо
Ҹоǣ۵ĺ棬ýɫ˿ߣһ۾ͼ֡
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ҵ˵ͷ뿪˵Щʲôʱ򣬷ˣ⴫ղҹ˵ˣԡҴȥʹ
Լıӣ˵ʵ˽д˵ĸоͦģ룬˵ˣ

һҴ߳⣬Ǻ˳Żʹλȥò˵Ժӱ˸ĺзζ
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261 Ѫ
⼸Ϣһɽһѹÿһɶ֮ǰҹɢϢҪӵİԵվſڣЩˡ
ҧҧ˽ȥƿţҾͿżź۵ˣ⼸˵ĺۺϴŵ̽ȻͬһַģֻϸڵĴһϸ΢Ĳ𣬵ȴǲġ
ҸսǼ˾ͳҿ˹ֻоԼĺЩϿʼðϸ΢亹
ҪǴߣҹƶҪȥˡ
ҽȥ󣬺ܿͿһϿ̻һ۾ͼҺۺϵ۾ͼһģҵλãǿԼȳλ˹ȥߵλϣһȻЩѹҵϢǴڣҸоЩձŵģվվȵĸо
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ȴʮⱾһʵΪ磬һжʵ˵ġ
սˣҲӦþǸˡ
ŷҶͼλȫֻһŹλûˡ
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һ£˵ô࣬ôҵԷأ
ʱһὫ͵һضĵطÿ˵϶Լı־ҵԷı־öԷҵԼˣʽʼÿʮʱұͨһڵλá˵
ˡһܿҲüͷΪ뵽ⷽôеһֹƣеĶŵһط໥ɱĶ棬ǹơ
Ҿܾμӡʱ쿪˵ЩɬĿһۣҾҵʵ䵱ڻң
֮٣ǵʵֱڿЦڵһʽѾô𣿡ඦЦһŰĿ˵
ǿϧˣΪǲ֪ߵغСҲټ֡ҲЩĿ˵
䣬˶Ŀתϣ׺Ϣңҵĺֹͣˣ亹δε춼ǳķѾ
üͷ߽ⷿһۣ⼸ƺûаҷ
ʱ֮ǰһֱƣħʱҲһǷ˿ȥ
䣬ǼѹֵϢ˲ʧӰ٣ֻ˵ϱϢֱӰ⼸Ϣֱѹˣ


262 Ѿˣ
ħϱϢ˱ŰѪĸ쫷һֱɨڳ˸ˡ
ԸоЩ˵ĺͣһ£һžһûѪ㾹ȻôǿǶ˰
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ǣǵʵǿҾôóóȻѡ𰸣ǽڻ𣿡ҷһ¿˵Ͼûħôǿסǵħֲҡ
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컹ҹ
ҿֱҸղȥŹȥ˲Сʱ
ʱʧٶȶһ
ʱƴҲ˵ǻˣ˯ȥɣ컹Ҫȥأò˵Сӵ治ȥ˼ҿջĻҪ֪ΪҵջôľҲͽ޹ˮ£л
ʶȥԼ۾ȥûиоԼ۾֮ǰʲôһ͵ߵ˷ľǰ棬žܿ죬ҾͿԼ۾ȷ֮ǰһˣǰˣǰǴһɫʱѾڵģСһ
Ҳ֪۵ôġ
ЦЦصϣ۾ʼ˯ȥˣȻֻȥ˰Сʱڹǹ˺ܾðҹսôãȻǸҲˣϵƣȴôġǵҪͨϢܲ
˯УεһѪɫҵԺһֱҿҲû˵ֻ˫Ѫɫҡ
ٴʱѾˣεĳҲɵÿɬЦ˳
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ǰô㣬ԼʶħƴɣǱڵŵʶټޣסˡ
Щ˸о۰
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263 
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һĻҲЩᣬ֮ǰһһת۵磬Щ˾ȫˡ
ҿʱǼҲתͷҿ˹ݺҲɵһ
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ˣСİĻҲˡƴɿ˵
ҵ˵ͷԴ˻Ѵˡ
Ӧþŵˣȥаɡƴɿ˵
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Ÿ뿪ӣҲɵÿɬЦŻƴɿ˵øɣȻʧȥķ֮һ٣ڵڶ׶εʽһŵùˡ
֮˲У֮Ĳޡƴɿ˵˵Ѳ²ģ֪ôģһֻɱˣ㲻Ȼɱأ
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ƴôһ˵ҲˣһӲ֪ԼӦ˵Щʲôˡ
԰µ
Ȼܡ
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˵ĵҶҿɬЦЦٿһ°ɡ
ˣҲˡƴЩɸֵĿ˵
ƴɵ˼ҲЩ˼ʵϣ֪ԼԸʲôµˣܶΣҲҪȥģÿε˹ؼʱ²֡
ԼԼһִȥ֣ҾͲˡ
ڸ뿪ҲĲ˳ȥ߳ջһ£ղŻǰĸȻˡ
תͷȥջλãԭջڵλãտҲһƬ֣ҳ˽ȥȴҲûпջ
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šһߴӦţһ߳ȥţҲоЩԾΧЩƤһĴɻڡ
Щ˫ĿĴʬһ
ܸоĳЩ̶Ѿ˵࣬˵ĸоֱ˻һ㡣
룬ǴԼİóˮʳ˵ϣȻҵܸǵ٣һЩܼɡ
һû߳мýĴͺͷһȡҷڵϵʳӣͺҰһ
һĻҲüͷûɰ⸽ĵҲ˰ʺϸ֣ɽˮûɻʳﶼԲϵĳ̶Ȱ
ΪʲôԸԼӶţҲȥ֣
ﶼѾʼӲˡ
˼ʱ򣬴Ӵ濪һ󿨳󿨳ǼʳĴҲˣһֱӼ˵ϵһʯͷʳĴԴϣܿҳ˼ѪǼҲܴһºֱӻڵϣûѹˡ
ұǰһĻŵˣҴͷβ˳֣ӦʱѾˣǸʯͷɱ˵Ĵҷڵϵʳˮһˡ
ΪһڳԵɱˣ
ʱѾ׿˴ˣüͷǼֻͨʳˮ󣬾ͺͷһһֱӳɱˣ
ǿͣӳһŵ۵ˣɨһۣɨ˵ϵľʬ壬Цһ㺦ǰ
˵ĻҲһ㶣һŭҵҿǸˣק֣ܿ죬ȥһǼǶʬ壬Цſ˵Ƿ˵Ҳɾ
˵꣬˾ͶЩѾ߳ĴƿڴǶ˲źãҲܴطѳ
ҴĿǸˣǱʶûеô򵥣ְעתƵϵļʬ壬ղֱѡߣǣʳˮĻǺҲ
˵ҵôҵǰʧ


264 
ȻҺܲȥϣʵȷˣһһ
ʱ֣ܿӿĺ˼Ű·ˣ⼸˶һһͰӴӿ
֮ǰЩʬĴڿЩͰӵʱ۾Щ
ЩͰʱҲŵһŨѪζУʬζ
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Ҫңѡ˿˵
Ҹ뿪˵ЩʲôƴɾͿ˵ģߣﲻ֪ЩĻ߲˵ġ
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ƴɺ˵һô˵ˣζţĺˡ
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溺ôһɢŸо˺ܶ࣬˲аСʱҲڴɽ˳
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ܵͷǰ뿪˵ʲôͷͿ˵һ򣬲ۡ

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ǸоǼ˹һ


265 ٻ
ǣˣͷ̽ſ˵
üͷԼĽƺ治Сֻ߸Ѱ溺治С˲ʶ磬ûˣȴʶѽ
֮ǰȥСʱɳҲˣӡһֱͦ͵ĸ羹ȻڱôҲҸоЩԾ
ЦЦ֪ʱϵĻͷֻỻһˣҲûб˵Ҳǣǿ˵Ϊʲôô󡣡
󣬲󡣡ͷæ˵ֻ˶ȱǵǮ۸ȻȥˣҪĻһ
٣ûСҲѧһˡƴɼ״ҲæڵЦ
ֻǲ뱻˵װˡһӦһ䣬ͷ˵̫ðɡ
ʲôõģСͷҾϲǿߣʮǰ飬ѧ˭˲֪˭˲һնϽλܵģҲֻˣɶҲ˵ˣͳЩǺüһ㣬СͷҲͶˡͷ˵Ͱ
ЦЦӹǰɫߣ˵ǱлϺˡ
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ߺҲЩɻ󣬶Żƴɿ˵ͷ˵ģƺʮǰһλϽܴһܣԲôģһ֪𣿡
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̰ɡҿ˵
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ˡͷ֮ҲɨһۣһλйµȻҪߡ
ЦЦû˵ߵʱͷȻסң˵Īλү
һ£ͷĿۼǰѰ溺ϣҲˣӰǴ󰡣е˶ϵƴ˵˿һֱ뿪еģ㲻˾ȻϵøĽǵö
ЩɻĿͷûзҲûгϣҲĽ̫ᡣ
ˡͷЦЦʽĲƺҲֻλүУҲ㿴ˣȥɡ
˵ͷֱӴӿڴͳһɫƶң򵥵д֣ͨȴһĸо
ѳиֻ̣ΪĿ˲ӵм飬ԹҲͳ˲ʮ顣ͷ˵ɱС»еʱͲҪźˣңЩ֮ƿǲóġ
ͷĻҲɵЦЦŸİ溺ٻ


266 ˱ͭ
Ҳûô࣬б˲ռڹ˵ⶼˣҪײҪҰƹԼϣͷһлȻʲôͷ˵ˣүӣУҪĿһˣ֪Ƿ񿴹˽С򡣡
ȻҾͰСӺͷ˵һߣСͦϵģϾټ۾ôɾˣÿοС۾ҶоԼ鱻ϴˡ
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ƴʱҲ˵νȥȥСȥࣿ
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ƴ˵꣬Ҳ˵ͷȷڵʵЩöǮҵҲֻһ뵽⣬ҲеɬҪ֪ЩˣйǧļҵͺС˿һηˮ׬ġ
ڵʱ̻Ҳɵһ취׬ǮˣһˣҲܹ㹻Ǯð谲ꡣ
һۻĿŹУһʻƴʲô취ȽϺ׬Ǯ
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Ҳɵͣ˽Ų
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267 
˵仰󣬷Ƶ˾û˵ʲôˣҿ¥λˣЦЦҲûȥܡ
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⻰ҲɵüͷҲǹû뵽ҾǽĹ򣬻
ҿһЩŵˣͷĪЩϾ˭û£Ҫ˭϶᲻ãһǺǵѹ˻ʱȻ̫á
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޷Ұ˰֡
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272 Ŀ𳤵˵
Ȼֻһ˲䣬ǻƵ˺ܿʹӱԻ״̬ѿʱѾȷǰ׷棬˾һλܣһλǿԼͲֿܵĴܡ
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뵽⣬Ƶ͸Ӻˣ޲ùԼơ
ʱԼԼеˡ
ʱ֪Ƶ˵ӻô鰡ŵǣȻƵͦҵģҵʵͶֺ֣ҪάոӦеĴۡ
мôһڣղŭҲ۸һգʱҲ̫ˣʱҲİ
еĺȥ󣬻ƵһλǰŭѾɢˣóʱϽϴʱƵҲ׹ˣǻˣղάյľٶ˵Ƕ䵱ɽ˵Էӵֿܱ䵱ɽЩ㲻̫ϳ϶ҪߵĴܣǿ϶ʲô衣
ڶڻƵ˵ҪѾǰ䵱ɽһӵ飬Լܲܰȫ뿪ˣ
ǰǰòҪɱԼɣ
ʱǧӲţϴʱӦϴɱĲа
һ뵽⣬Ƶ˾æľһ˵λǰ۲ʶ̩ɽðǰǰдŹһ
ôǰأƵôһ˵ϾˣȻҵķգƵ˵ķոزŶ԰
Ƶ˼ҳ˼ӣֱӵԼؿһƣ۵һѪ˳ԭմ˿Ҳ˲ò԰ףĶҿ˵¶ȻҪǰһԴΪǰΡ
ƵǶԼݰȻֱӰԼĳˣƿûʮµĸͺòˣҪ֪ǹУԼɾЩ˰ƴɿǰһĻҲɵÿ˵
һû뵽Ƶ˾Ȼ̰ңʱǱ˴ҲԲϴģȻƵϴ̬ȺǼһû֣ϾƵҲֻ˵ǰףıάӣ
ҿάӣ˵СŮǰһλΨһӣλȹһȥˣԼͽȴ裬ʱӦô
Ұⶪ˻Ƶˣ£Ƶ˿϶ּۻۣ⣬Ļش϶ǵߣֻҪĵߣһνƾǳ׳ɹˡ
ԼȻֻŽƾܹһն˶ĴҲоеƮƮȻ
ʱҵѾɢȥˣԭҿ˵άʱҲѹˣѹԼȻڵϣſ˵ǿݵҲӿһ˿ݡ
άֱӶݺݵĶң˵Ȼʹ˴裬ѵ֪˭𣿡
˵άӾͶŻƵ˿˵ʦ壬˲ɱ˴ˣ
άɻŰӣƵ˵ɫҲʼЩѿǱԼʦֶˡ
ǰ˾Ӧ˵ķ룬ȷʵЩ̫Űˣôȥ˶ֲ˱ˡ
ȻڻƵ˸µľԼʦֶԲѷǰ˻᲻ôʹɱ֣ǾͲˡ
ȻάЩ̣ܽô˵ԼʦֶƵ˾ԲԼʦֶһ˵ȻάΪʧλϥˣұϴӵȣԴΪ䣬ǰΪô
ЦȻ棬˭ҲûвЦˣЦſ˵ǣղƺ˵ǣҪɱң
˶ƵתȥάӾһƣ˶ô˵ģ
άԼƵ˴׵һӻûлʲô
ոԼƵİôһʱ䣬ԼʦҪԼȣΪԼԲѷԼ
ʦ壬ҸҪǣ׷ģǷϹά˰죬벻Ȼæ˵
Ƶ˼άʱûлȻ˵ĳԲѷǹˡ
ľ˶ƵάӵƣƿʵʵƣֱӰάӸˡ
Ƶƺ㣬άӵĶӾһţάߵ󣬶һãάȥһţһƿڴĿ𳤵˵
ΪƵ͵ԵʣάҲ۵ÿʼҽ
ʦ壬ҸάӽŽžȻҪҰ֣裬㲻ңң
һ㣡
Ŀ𳤵˵Ӳ㱻㺦֪֪
άⲻ˵ãһ˵ĻƵֵˣһüֱӰάӸʹȥˡ
Χȫ𾪵ĿǰһĻ־磬һʼڣתҲһɣǻûг׻ôԭµ˾ͱôˣ
ҿǰһĻҲ䵭΢΢һߵСЦһ£ҿ£һҵſҵһһ£˵ˣƣһҲŪˣҲ֪׻᲻ڸģڣҪԴȣ㣬䵱Ӧòʲôɡ


273 
Ƶ˴ĿңЩɬĵ˵ͷ
ֱԼѾ˵άһ˹ȥߵǰʱЦһֱһӳȥ
һ죬ͿάӵȹֱӱҸһߡ
СǰһĻ̲סŴͣһ㵵ĿһĻ
άҲΪʹֱӴлָһ־ĿңʱǸɵӣҲЩ̫Ծˡ
˫ֳţͣسźȥħħ㲻Ҫ
ȴûһ˹ȥ
ʱάӵڱˣȫˣʦ壬ʦ壬ȾңȾҰ
ƵЩɬĿǰһĻҲܺڣ֮ǰ˴ߣ˵ΪǸʵ͵ˣԼʱôû뵽ʵߣ뱩¶أ
άӵĲ״ȴûκεЦһ˹ȥϵһӳһϡ
ԣ
ʱάӷһҽУֱһףȥˡ
ŰԼĹһŻƵ˿˵ʦֶɡ
лǰɱ֮лǰɱ֮Ƶ˿ңͣĶϹϷǵûԹޣһظӡ
Թⶫ󲿷ֶֻЩԷԼǿһ£ԷĲαԼ̫࣬Թ޵ûˡ
ϾһδεĸԼ֮⣬ƺҲûʲôЧ
ڻƵ˴ά뿪ΧɢˣвҪ˵ȫƵˡ
ҿһС֪ʱ̹ݵʱ򣬱ϾϻŸŻƤأŻƤʱ򣬱˶ΪϻԲŻҾηһƤҿôֻ֪һֻ򣬹ƺͲ̫ˣǿ̹ݵĳ嶯С˵ǰЩҲ֪ɽˣʱǿˡ
СĿңȻʲôˣҾһлǰ
ûĻ֮߰ɣһὫ㵱ҵͽԴġ˵òҵСˣҿɲôʧˡ
Сԥһ£ҧҧ˵С޶ۣǲʤˣȻ֪ЩǿˣСҪ˵һ䣬СһѣʲϣǰΪͽ
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Ȼܿ죬С㿪˵Σ׳ˣǰпյĻϣȥһۡ
С˵仰Ҳһֳ嶯һֽҿ߸ʵݵĳ嶯ǰûֱӹһݣȴеᵽˣҪ֪ǴԵСΪңȻˣԸԼˣҲҪҸܣҸоܲҪչģȴһҪչˡ
ѹס˽ҿߵĳ嶯װһӣ˵һῼһµģڼ֮ǰҪߣҿɲ뿴ɽĺ˳ʲôˣ飬Ҳټڶ顣
лǰСҲһ˿
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ҶŷƵЦЦ޷ҲΪ֣οҲôһݴҶҪֹһµģϣ㲻Ҫͷźá
ҶǻҲ忪ˣʤҲǲʤʲôͷ⣬ҵЩͬҪǰԷб񣬲֪ǰƵ˵
һ֪ԼҪ·Ҫ鵽һЩë飬һٷⲻˣҲͿ˵ǾͷƵˡ
ҵҵƵһ˿⣬ȥЩͣ߿˿˵ʲôǱ߷һ󻶺
ԷֻĸˣȻ˵˲ǷƵ˵ֻҪĸ˾͹ˣˣᳳҡ
ȻĸӦöǷƵĺѡ
˺ͷƵһ濪ģĸ˺һݴһ⣬ڿ󣬻ƴɸֱӽгˡ
⣬Ⱥ˵ǹصİȻĸ˺һݴ֮ǰĶҪʵƴɿ˵
ʲôҲЩĿѯʵ
ⶫսȷʵûʲôãڷǶͻԶȡ֮ǿֱ֮վͿˣٶ°빦ƴǿĵļ˵ҵҲиⶫȴֻȭͷСǾѾҸоˬˣû뵽Ⱥ˾Ȼֱ˸ֱ۴СģⶫֱЩ˷˰
ڣ϶󡣡Ҹƴһˮ˵ȱգԷʲôٰɣǼʵƵӦҲȥģǶ˵ӦúѰ죬ֵɽǲҪ˰ɣܻ˸Ͳˡ
ǼһԼʲôҪĻ˿ɾͲֻϵĽϵˡƴС͹һ䣬ȻҿܲվľٶЩ
Ҳƴ룬ЦЦⰡҲΪԼԵʣøˣ⡣


274 
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죬˵λƺЩ°֪ܷﵽһ
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ġղǿ˵룬˵ʮǰһˣ˵Ҳʲô֮иë
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ǰʧȥʶ֮ǰС
ڶǧҪҵÿҲǧҪκ˵Ϣ
䣬ұʧȥʶ

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֪ԼȷЩ̫³çˣȻԼʦֶ˫ȶˡ
صʦſôԼʦֽ
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ϸ룬Լ͵ϮʱҲˣҲǿƺûзӦһ
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Ƶ̾һʼάӵ˿ֻǹ۵Ļͦôġ
ÿջСȥԼЩҩȻֹʹͨѪѾԵάɫԺһЩ
ȵЩҩŪãȹǹ̶úάĵ˹ѹ󣬿Ƶˣһ˿ݣȻŪҵȣʦ壬ҪСӲúСӵʲôݣΪʲô˼ɵ
Ƶ˿ɬЦЦ
ʱάҲһǱˣ˵йƵˣһŴܰ
˵άӵҲЩ
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άӿ˵ĻǾӦֿܣһûʵƭǵģԲⶫɲܷ죬ôӦǵڶˣˣǺصˣһο䵱ɽӶˣӲ䵱ɽڣ
˼ǣƵʱҲعάӿ˵
֪ͨһҰ֣öһЩֹʱʦҪɱˣ䣬άӵҲŨݣҪʱ䣬ɾûôõĻˣʦô
ԣƵԼղŵľٶҲǰûڡ


275 С
ڰʶߵӣã״̬У˶оˮ֮һⲻͣӿҪô˯ȥ
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ڳ˯֮УһöҶ
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֪Ϊʲô˫ˮһӶӵʱҵԺ͸ֳСӰ
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ĿȻʹסؿڡ
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278 
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ƴ̾һ˵ˣ飬㻹ǲҪ֪ĺá
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ȻҲ֪Լʱаʱ򣬻ôġ
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279 ܸ߻ƴɵ
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ؼǣ˵ŵնʬʧܵնʬҲһµĸо˵նʬʶĻһִġ
Ȼնʬ棬Ҫ˵ıԵģǶ˵Ļͺ̤նʬ磬ϾնѶ൱նˡҪ˵Ļͦ׵ģնͺܼ򵥣ȴᱻնϣ㱾ǸˣúˣֻҪʵˣʲôʱնԡƴɿ˵նʬֻҪʵѾѵĿΪˣʱֻܿĶ
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280 ӿ
ƴɵĽۣҲеԺ̫ˣԲų״뻹ǣŵ츳ͼǿȻҲܴɽֵʥأּãҲŻնµͷȻܹһµĸ
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֪ΪʲôƵ˸оЩڰ䵱ɽˡ


281 ɽԹ
ȻԼⲻһκٻȻԼһȻöԷӣպи鷳͸ղŶԣѡ񹥻ҵĻ϶
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һһȻ֪ļɽţߵһʱ򣬻ƴҲ˵ˣֱȥɽʲôƻ
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284 ɱ为֮
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285 ɱ
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286 ǰ
Ȼ˵ҪСҲҪСԱ֮ʩ
˫ѪʱҲĶǰĺˣЦһֱһֳǰ˵ͷǸץ˹ȥ
˵ڱ־ǣſ˵ͣͣͣҪٶֵĻҾͲ㽫ƳСԼԼ꣬ʱɾʲôòˣ㲻Ҫһն˶һ㡣
ôһ˵ɱʱҲʼˣǰҪɱò׵õʱɶҪ˰
ɱڻָһָҪɱˣĺˣҲԼģħʱҲ˵
һиɱʱ
ҿǰĺˣѷ֣ʱҲע⵽ԾˣҵҲӿ־
նĴ
ҲˣǿǰɻǹӲдһһЦһҪָȥ
֪ΪʲôԭɱѪУʱȻޱȵıͺһǧһ㣬ұȵһ˲䣬Ҳ侲
ԺеɱѸٵҲʼЩ㵵Ŀǰĺۡ
ѪУǲңΪʲôҪʱҴ£ﴫħܻ
ҵԴҲʼԽԽ
ҴĿŵһ־ĺˣֿһԼ֣ʲô
üͷղţƺħ˵ĻûƴҲҡ
ԲŻ᳹ʧȥ侲Ϊһɱ¾Ķħ
ƴı
һȻ֤ݶָ˻ƴɱһ㣬֪Ϊʲôɻûˡ
ʹɻ
Ϊ鶼ûиǹ۶׿ڳԼңҵģ
Ϊţһҵˣǲô峺ġ
ҵֵܣҲӦȥ
԰ΪʲôҪһһֱŰҵˣȥһһֱҵأ
ΪʲôҪħĻ
һðЩͷʱԭԴԴӿҲȫʼɢȥ
㲻ңᱻɱģħĵﲻͣš
ܿ죬ѪлһֱӰͷŵѹȥ
ģǷӦˣҲ㱻ˣħѹȥʱ򣬻ƴɵЩͻأĴҵð˳
ɣһЩȸԾĿ˵
ѡңȻ˿ɾıħ⹷յĸѹסˣеһжħĹҪԼûбѪгѹȥ֮ǰԼһѣ׶壬㼰ʱӦˣƴɵҲð˳
˵Щһһ㶵ģҿ˵׷ʲôˣ
ɵСʱѾȦˣ֮ҾͱħסˣǶʱǸ˵ңʵƴɿɬЦЦ˵ʵ˵ЩƻĻԼԼǸˣȻѡˣ
ҿɬЦЦû취ɵ
ˣħʱǳˣһΪѹң̫ľˣڿ϶ûа취ƻˣôˣƴһ˵ǰô죿ûзѾָˣҪʱѡ񷴿ûл֮
ƴôһ˵ҵĺҲɵһͣǰڵôǰĺ˰
ҿſңɻ־ĺˣЦһ˵ãҴӦɱ㣬˵ɣ֪Ķ˵
̧ͷһۣǹɿֲϢһﰵǸԼ͸¶Ϣ˵ŵתֻǶˮ׼һֻʵĶⶥܰնĸʬ˵Ŵˣ˵ǻʵĶ
ȥүģ
УȻСӶҲʣҾͶ㲻壬һ˵ҽӴĶҲ࣬£һ֪ҽͷˣһǣЩ˵ô
üͷȻǰĺ˿϶ǺǸҵϵǲ֪˭أ֪ҵˣĿԾǶΣȻǰ棬вط档
Ҳ֪˭ҾͶ˿˵˵ɣĻͷߣ
ãҪ㷢ĲɱңҪͨأΥ׺䶥ģ˿ң˵
֮ǰһȷ˵仰ҲɵЦҸղŷӣȷǰѺ˸ˣھˣͲŶҳ֡
鿪ʼźõķչˣ
ЦЦͨأңΣڴ˷ģǰ˲ҳ֣˵ģҪɱ֣׺䣬Ϊ֤
䣬͸оԼԺʲôƾǻƴɺ˵ҵˡ
һĶԺ֣ǿ϶Ҫӭ׺䶥ģ
ҷԺҲһ£û뵽СӻͦթģԭԼթһ£ĲɱԼԼͿ޼ɵĶСӳˣû뵽Ȼһǰ˲ֵĻ
˲֪ǰ˻ûг׸ŵʶĻǵþǰѾ˳ǧϰϺˡ
˰ˣܱסһͺܲˣǰСȻһǵļһ̧ͷһۣ˵Ҫǰʼ˵ˣʱҸնһҵҡ
ǰһ£ǻҺڶ鰡
ʱһûбɣüͷ˵˭


287 ܣ
˺㳤һģһ̧ͷҿ˵ʵҪߺܶ࣬һֱڣҿܹоһѹ
ҳһģһ
һ£һطȥ˰˱֮ŸģҲ˵ǸͺϵģӦǶΡ
ǶΣЩ춼ûйڶε鷢ΪԼѾ˶εˣû뵽һɻڶε֮С
һһеһУȫ֮С
һ˵Щ˵أ
Ҫǣһˡ˿˵֪֪ûУСѾͳһˣʱСʧѾõ»ˣͳһС򣬶ѾʹǱ߽ˣðʱ䣬ӦÿԳٳˡ
С
Сģѹֻƴɺ˵˵飬ֱӹϵû뵽ȻֱϵСˡ
СĺЩʲôǣأ
СʹͳһôӰ죿
ҵҲҵĺһҿǰĺˣ˵˵
Ǹ˺˵ľСʹٵ飬ֻҪ꣬ͿֱӿеĹɣΪһӣ䣬׽Ĵʥصĸƻ˿˵
һ£Ȼղʬ˵Ļ˵ȷģûƭҡ
ǣСʹĹɲǽȥ󣬾ͳһ󣬵ظͻ׽ǣʲôϴƣҿǰĺˣ˵
˿ɬЦЦҪõˣֻлֽ֮ܹùɾǵϡ
˵Щˡ
ԭˣԭˣԭΣ⡣
û뵽Ȼôֱһȫ壬ò˵ε̵й꣬Ժ˵ı£ʹǧ˵Ļ˰ɡ
һǧɽ䡣
Ҳ˲Ļʵйֲģ˵Ĵʥϴƣҹⶼˡ
Ҫ֪ɺҹ汾ͬһĹҲնĴڰ
ôĹɣ
ƻǵжͣôɵĻԻ磡
ʱƴҲ˵ҲûôţӦСʹҲûôɣʮǿŵˣʣӦöǹĴڰɡ
ƴ˵꣬Ҳһ
ҲǶģЩģҲն
Ҳֲܿ
ȻЩ˿ɶһЩͨˣǸҲۿ۵ģʹҲˣҲ²һģһġƴɿ˵֪Ϊʲô˰ɡ
ҵһ£ɬЦΪ֪󣬿϶ᵣСģðȥССģҵԸ˵ɵ£ȥƻЩˣڵΪȥЩ飬ֱûʲô𡣡
ҲƴɿɬЦЦںˣʹûи㣬Ҳ֪ˣô
Ҳ֪ҿɬЦƴ˵ģڵʵҪֹ鷢ֱûа취
ȥͨ籨Űɣɽ֮ĶԹҲ˵ˣ䵱ɽа棬ҲȥȫҲǸҲóȥҸȥɽͻɽ˵һ£ЩɵȥɣϾСʹĶ׵ľǡֻҪͻɽ˵ˣȻ֪ͨĴʥصġƴɿ˵
ƴ˵꣬ЩȻǰȻûȥֹ鷢ҿͨ籨Ű
ֻһĲ̫ãĴʥУҲֻһɽûʲô̫ĶԹУҲǳ³ڹ棬ɱˣȲ˵ɽ֪֪֪ˣҲܹңһڹ汣һء
Ҫͨ籨ţո֤ݲУҿǰĺˣ˵Щˣȥˣ
Ҳ˵˵һ˿־壬˵ˣģ
㲻˵Ҳҿźˣ˵Ȼû취һǿġ
ղǰСӷĵʱ˵Ϣʵ֪Լˣ̾һ˵ЩˣҶ͵ɽȥˡڿԷ˰ɣ
ɽһ£ź˰˰֣ʾˣҲһ·Ӧ
滹׳ǻСĵʱ򣬲ɽ
龹Ȼɽ
ҺȻȥص飬ѵȥνöΪ˽飿
ֻ˵ɽͶҲѾйˣ
ѹ֪ҵĴںɽ̫ϳֱɱҡ
ǻǱӡ˼䣬׳Ҳǰ氡ɽ֮䣬ְʲôĽɫأ
ʱΪղǿŪҲ֧Ųסˣ۵һһѪ
ϵʱҲʼޱƣ
ƴЩϴ˹ãǸĺ˻ûԶͿסˣ϶ǸоղһѪˣܣܣ
ƴôһ˵Ҳһôû뵽һ㣬ҲЩڣղӦÿһ㣬ҪȺԶˣƣģ
Ҹմ׼һɿֲϢʹ籩һϯɭɭҲ˹
ԭҲѾˣղֻưұ˵ɽܺ󣬻ᱻɱڣڿƺֻҪɱ㣬û֪йܵˣ
ܣ
ƴɵг˿־壡


288 ƶ
һǿһɽ³ȥľ޴ѹҲҸоԼصĺһɽһ
תۼ˺֮λֻˣЩ޴
ʱ򣬻ƴɺȻһ˵԰ɽе֡
ôˣһţһ߿˵
ǰʮףһŻѪв档ƴɺȻ˵
תͷ»ڼʮĺˣһ£ȷʵǿ׷֮ǰܵƴ˵λõġ
ǰǣҵøһЩۡ
ǿʹ࣬תһַ˼ٶѸٳ嵽˻ƴ˵ǸطûһֱһѽԼѪиǿûϡ
ȥ֧Ųס̱ڵϣʹ£ɻǿ֧סԼ壬ԼΪʹȥ
ܿ죬˾׷ˡ
ҿЦſֱֱ߹ĺˣҲ̾˿û뵽ԼȻֵط
֮ǰʲô֪ʱûںò֪һȥˣҲһʵʵڵĳ
׼Լɢ꣬ԼƳСĥʱֵ鷢ˡ
Ǻ˾ͺϹһֱӴҵ˹ȥ󲽵ĳһ͵׷ȥ
һĻҲˣŻƴɿ˵⣬⵽ô£
ɽƴЦ£ҸղŲŷ֮ǰħ㲼õķɽȻͨķɽһͨķɽֻ۷ɽǽ߲ȥˡַɽ˵һ۷˵ǻҪһЩֻҪҵۣŪһЩþ⻱ɽڣղѪвڻϣҲζ㿪ʼƿþģһµ㣬Ǻȥ׷Ǹµȥˡ
ƴôһ˵ЩȻû뵽ȻҵķɽһЩ޳
ǽӦô죿ҿ˵ȻʱƭˣʼջǻֵᷢģܣƵǵ󷨣ֻҪץǻҪ
Ҳò˶ٵġƴЦһ˵ѵ֮ǰʧصʱ򣬰ЩҲǿһ׷ɱˣ಻ʮӣҪ׷ɱȥǾֵȥɱˡ
ƴôһ˵һܸоҲ̫ڰȫ룬Żƴɿ˵ûа취ɱģȻͶкϵǾ˵Ͷξͬ飬ɱȿεڻƻϸɺܴš
ƴ˼˺һſ˵ɱȷеѣϾڵʵ̫ˣ˵ɱˣվѾָĻ϶ѾΪƶ񻯶ѡ뿪ˣûлɱ
̾һȷûа취ɱˣȻЩźں˵ֵߣʳôһҲǻˡ
˲ӣȻͬƴ˵ģǸֻˣֻλȻȸղҪƣ̫ˣɫЩæһǻ𼱻ǵӡ
ˣҸղСܵģôžûӰˡ̾һźû뵽СĻ֮Ȼƭң˵ôҪλ֪йˣ϶ҪɱҵģôͰЩ˵ɽ˵أ
ҿĺˣȻ϶ûа취ңһ鲻Խס˺ĶŴǰ
ҿüңӻеºˡ
ʱ򣬺̾һ˵ϣСӲỵ°ɣɽôʵҪȥͲܣ
˵ֱʧҹɫ֮С
һ£ˣһҪ뿪أƴɻ𼱻ǵĿ˵𶯣ղôԿĲ֪
ƴôһʾŷӦûҶ
ȻһңǺѸٵ۷һҧҧǸɶСӣǼסˣ
һκ뿪󣬻ƴظĿ˵ļһˡ
³һ˵ڣǿ𣿡
ԣҪ죬˻ȥ󣬿϶֪ͨͬܶΧ׷½أûôߵġƴɿ˵
ҵ˵ͷӵվȻʱҪʹȥҧҧסˣɽ¿ٵȥ
һܳеķ⣬һɽջƴɵָʾٵ˸ɽɽſڰ˸۷ɽǰһڣײʡˡ
ȥҸоԼԺƺֶ˵ʲôҪȥץȴԼʲôûץ
ԹȥҵȻΪһ֣ȻǺټеĸʬиȻǵͽ޹ġ
кüΣǴԵɽǰ߹ҵ۷ȥûзҡ
ҲһζеǱڵȫɢȻֿʼ
ƴŵģһĻҲɵô㵵Ŵͣ죬⵽ʲôΪʲôСûնڵͿʼأⲻܰ
ǰһĻôǻþƴֻƶ˵ڹǰ⡣
ȻҪ»ˣҲһæɡƴЦЦָԼǰŵͳһ㣬ȥ


289 ǧĳ
ͳתһֱɽľˮ;γɵУһһڵͳ󣬾ͺĹһ۵ٶȾȻӿ
֮ǰĿĵۣʱȴҪĿģʱ۾ĻǿԿԼʱȻ۳һԲơ
ƴɿǰѸ۵ţбǣŽҲ̾һ⣬⣬û뵽СӾһ٣ȻؼһҪ֪֪ʵȻԻΪ𵤣ֻն˶˲ȾָĴڰ֮ǰǻ̫ˣȴ̫һ㣬˭˵ͣҺ˭˽𵤣ʬ֮Ѿ޵ˡ
Ȼƴɴ˿̶ҵۣ֪ƴɶҵ֮ߣͶЦֵˡ
ħһηǵûкСӣ˵СҲǸ֮ˣ£ȻѡңҵʵѲħĿƣؼǣû뵽СȻôأֻħһͲС߻ħƴɻ˵ʱҲЩˡ
ʦڻŵĻҿŸ㣬Ҹɲ˵ɷǣҲҵĶҵѡƴɵɫҲЩѿȪ֪԰ˡ
ʱ۳ɵ֮пʼŶȥ۾ԼѾƲĺ۳飬ǰηηŵĸʬڵӣ⼸ˣ쿪˵ҵûУ
ʦ𣬵ӡûУǼʬڵҲЩηĿǰ죬ǺǰǸϣˣʦǰŭ˵оǿѹֵˣͬһˡ
ǰǸϣ׷ʲôʦΪʲôҪʬڵΧѰǸˣ
ѵʦ˵ǸˣʦԼѰҵˣ
һ뵽⼸ʬڵҲЩʦ˵ǣֻжʵѾˣܲԶˡ
һܽʦˣ
⼸˶̫ţΪλǿĵӣԼҲѾ˶ʵҲͬԼ֮Ĳࡣ
Ǽֱһ죬һأ
ǷϢ챾ЩҰøӵĿֲȻָ˵죬ٸʱ䣬Ҳ˵ĻҲˡ
췢ˣǼʬڵĵҲЩΨΨŵŵ˵
һ۾
Ǽʬڵ뿪֮һ۾˵ɣһһҹҪѰҵɱҵĻֱӴ󷽷ɱңʵҪɱңǷǳ׵ġ
һһЦڷܿ죬һڽĺɫӰҲʾ˻ں֮£ʹǿĺۣҲ赲סˣԼԼ͸¶ĻȣѾЩӿˡ
ʬڵ죬ҲͽŮ˿˵
置ҲҪûмǴĻ飬ƺǲû̫Ĺϵɡ쿴ǰɢǿΣϢŮˣ˵
ŮƿԼĶñ¶һžµ÷绪ݵգʱڳĻ϶ᾪһ
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ǧԼǰ죬˵û뵽û뵽һնĴڣȻһ˴ôңһ˵ˣҲһһҹҹϣսʱҾѾԱ߿ˣƺ֪һܲ˵鰡
㣡ָָǧ˵㵱ʱڵĻΪʲôɱСӣѵȥĻǵļƻɶӰ𣿡
ֲͱ¨ӡǧ۾ǰ쿪˵置ҲҲ飬֮ǰ֮԰ǣΪҪĶΪʲôҪǣ
㣬㣡ǧôһ˵Ķ³Ѫˡ
ǧϵЦȴֱסˣһǿֲƴɢֱӳǰѹ˹ȥɫѹò԰ס
УҪһ飬ǾҲϲָͷָңЩСˣ
һϢֱջָٴαĶǧ˵λ֪Ļ˵᲻Ĺ㣿
䣬ǧϴԽԽصѹڻ̲סԼָʱǧЦЦ˵᲻ŹңҲ֪ҿ֪ǣ֪ļƻȫ̶Ļ϶Ź㣡
㣡컹ҪٴָԼղŵĽǿûָʱǧҲЦЦҾϲֶҺ֮ǣȴ޿κεӡ
һݶŮˡһ˿ݣ˵ˣ˵ɣҪʲôĺô
ǧϵЦӵŨ»ɽͻ˵ʱ򣬰͸ȥ
⣬ⲻܣλ˷ֵĻһġ쿪˵
㲻͵Ļ㲻λɱҲᱻɱŶǧ۾ԼĻóһͷ˶ĳӣָ׻ԼָǷ˶ĳӺܿϵָϿʼ˱ѪһѩɫҲѸٵɱѪɫ
ͷӣɫ䡣


290 ն
УⶫҾԲͽɽġ쿴ͷ˶Ѫӿ˵
ǧһ߰ԼѪӣһ߿죬˵Ŷû뵽㾹ȻǸôģǿ
ô˵ҿ϶ǲ͵ģⶫһͣҸʬڵ˾͵ΪֹˣҪеĻ˰˵˵ţ岻ɵò
ɲ㰡֪䣬㹻ˡǧЦŴһָ
ָ죬Ͼð˶ĺ飬һֵĿǧʹ಻Ŀ˵ʲô
ûʲôǧִһָŷ·һƵãͣĴŴǰ죬ǧЦſ˵ֻһԼоĹƳ棬ƳҲûʲô˲ģ޷Ǿÿ췢һΣÿζųһЩȻЩѶֱģҺϸСͿں̣ܶҲͰ°ɣڲЩӣ룬ѪҺֻӲͣȥë
Ҫ˵ˣĿǧһħǶħµġ
л佱ǧԼ°ͣЦſ˵ôѡˣǸʬڰأʬڵΪŶأӣƺһҳϵء
ǧصҳϼ˿
쿴ǰǧһ˵ѳӸҰɣ֮ڣһⶫͽȥġ
ʶʱΪܰǧԼѪɫӣȻǳֱһ׼õĺ棬ѺӶִԼĿڴͳһӣҩԶڳӵķֳٶȣֵһǣǧҪͼЩӱƳŶֻҪһôľͻͷһʳѪŶ
˵ǧֱת뿪ӡ
ǧ뿪صһղʹ಻ԼʶȴȫѵӣЩ¡
ĸоᵽڶˡ
Ǳʹ࣡
ԼӣһݵĹâɹʣȻѾѹһˣôҲͲںڶˡ
߳ӺǧЦ뿪еķǧ죬һ䣬һСֻͬϢӳȥֻҪ˸ǿ϶ᱻЩӷ֡
Щ׼Ž˺ͬһ·ҹһºһС档
СӺ洫һԲɣ㶨ˣ
Ѿȫ㶨ˣǧ˵Һܺǣ㲻һֱ˵ʵӵôһΣȻѡԣ
˴Ӻڰ˳ƿϵĺɫñڵĻ϶ŵþгΪˣȻ¾磬
ʵӵߣǹһ˿ЦҲ֪ǰ˵Щ鶼ģôһпܻ֧ڣֻɱˣֽҺɱˡ
ǸӰǧЦһڰ˱ʱ򣬲ŻֱҺ𣿡
ҶҸǸðɡ̧̧üëǰǧ˵
ȻҲôһϷ룬Ǻ棬ննƵλΪΪնʬǸأȴ֪˵ȴŵط档ǧ˵
黹ǲҪ֪ıȽϺãʵҪǱ֪׾ͻᱩ¶ġдһ˿ݡ
Ѿ۶ľˣ֮ǰҲķԸɱʶ棬Ӧò꣬ͿԳ׳ɳ˰ɣǸо֣ҵɱôǿ츳ΪʲôùԼãɳȫԺͲط࿹˰ǧüͷ˵
㲻ʶط棬Զ׵ģһϲеƶ¶ˡ𿪿˵ΪɱҲеļһʧˣοԺսɻ
డ置ŮӿϲֳĺˣΪԼİŮӣȻַݶϡǧ۾ǰ
ɬЦͲҪȻˣӦȻҲȫûõģҵģСʱһˣ֧һȥģֻжԲطĺ⡣
˼˼Ǻ˼Ѿİ˵Ļ˵ĻϲġǧָԼ촽ϣЦſ˵
ȴûᣬǱ۾˵ˣγʱе㳤ˣٶȥطĻɵģˣԼСһ㡣
ãǧ˵ͷ˵һ˿Ϊ֪ɡ
վԼĺɫñ´ԼԴϣԼһһɵľ޴֮УӳźԺȥ
߳ȥǧҲ̾һԼֻѾ˵ͣĳӣһֻӲдĳӣ￪˵ɱ㰡ֻҪɱ㣬ҾͲҪ˷ôʱ;ˣ֮ѪⶫҵİٹƹȻЧҲãȴǿҾԽܿ˼飬կ濴Ķ
˵꣬ǧҲ߳ӣ߳ӺһҡղɢȥĳӾȫɻ
ȷû˺죬ʧ֮С


291 ɱ
һɽϣ˼粢ţһţһĴƺѰʲô
ʱһ˿˵ģҲ֪СӶȥˣⶼѾˣҲСӣǿɾҪʦʦ˰
ǰʦοɲ˵ģƢͺͻҩͰһһըһҲ̾һ˵
һʼĺԼıӣ˵Ѿ۵ļһﱻʦĴˣʦ˵Щ֮ǰʦɱСˡ
ٺ٣ͦõģ˵ϣ˵ʦֵܶСӸɱˣһ죬ֵˣʱĿɾˡһЩҵĿ˵
Ҳûö٣ֻ󲻵һʱˣҪҵСӣҷǵðСӰƤɡһʼǸ˿˵
ǿɴ򲻹Сӣֺ͸ϽźʦϹ
һţһŵʱȴûзԼѰҵǸˣ˿̾ͶǸղžһɽ档
ɽ棬ƴɿѾҪ۳ɽ𵤵ɫҲʼЩȻǽ𵤣ˣֻҪٸҰʱ䣬𵤾Ҫ׳ˣʱСӿɾͲˣȻûնȴҲѾնȣҪٶǸҹ棬Ҳܹˡ
˵󣬻ƴɺȻʲôüͷ԰Уôоң𵤣ħ֮⣬ϢϢ
һ뵽ƴҲɵһʼķ
ܿ죬ҵһѪɫʯ鱮ģĺ󣬻ƴҲɵһʼ˳ǱпͽҹĥƮҡӫߡ츲شӽʼɱ˺ϧ֮͡Իɱ֮Իɱ֮Իɱ֮ԻɱЦҼҰߣԻɱɱɱΪ¹ƽ̨֮˶繷ǵġڴһ֮
ܣⲻܣǡűдŵ߸ɱ֮˵֣ƴһ˵˳ɱ
ԣ
ƴɿ󼸾䣬ֿڳΪ¹ƽ̨֮˶繷ǵġڴһ֮䲻԰˳ɱıĲһ˳ɱɱ֮ˣⱮɱ֮ˣԼ죬ɱҲɱòҲ岻ʲǲТˣ
뵽ʱ򣬻ƴɵĺѾʼִǱɱΪԵҲ˲ɱĵɱ
һ뵽ʱ򣬻ƴɵĺӼܰСôܻõֶϹͱϣжΪĶӦԶŶ԰
ƴɿǰѪɫʯٴһ˵ȻÿôҲãҾⶫСӵĵģСӵĽ𵤱Ѫӽ쿪ʼĲŵˣɱСӾֻΪԼˣɱɱȴøħɣ֪ܲܿסˡ
һ뵽ƴ̾һ֪ɱҾͲƻŪħԼʵˣȴҶһˣûħɱĿ͵ģڣʧȥ˰Щ̫ðˡ
ˣһ㶼粻ȥĻʲôǸȥһѣһ뵽ƴֱһҧŵɱֱӴѾһƬ֮С
ɱǼҪ۳ɽ𵤵к󣬾ȻʼѸٵܽʹԭֻеСĽ˲͵˸ӵСɱ뵽к󣬽۳ɽ𵤵ٶҲʼӿ
ı仯ǣԭǽɫĽɱ󣬾ȻѪɫһۿɼٶȣѸٵ
ƴɿǰ˼һĻҲɱĳ֣ѾԼĿƣҲ˺ܶ˵Ŀơ
һɱֱеĲܣֱӻܡ
ֻǣ֪СֵܼܲסˣֻҪȥ϶Իġ
СӣܰģҲֻܵˣģҪԼˣ
һѪɫĽʱҲѾ۳һѪˣ۳Ѫ󣬸ӵСѪһһȻ
ѪϣһСһ֣Щ֣ɱϵЩ֣ȴѾȫѪϡ
˵һ𵤣˵һǰδĽ𵤣˭Ľֹ֣˭Ľ𵤵Ѫɫģ
ƴɼĿǰԼһɵѪϵļ͵ǻһ־ǻ
ͦȥͦȥǧҪͦȥСӡ
ͦȥˣôҲҪ군ˣ
Ҳ֪ǲǻƴɵãѪڳס֮󣬷ȻʼСƴ֪ȻСˣܶȴˣ֮ǰӣҪǿʢ֡
ڳ׶֮󣬴Ѫ֮пʼɢ˿ߣЩ˿ܲ˷ľϣҵľںһ
ͺֶһѪҺһ
Щ˿ߺ;֮ͨһɹǿҲ˳Щ˿߿ʼѸٵҾʣɺԵľҲʼıóʵ
֮ǰǳս˿ڣҲЩǰıƽ
Ҳʼıǿ׳
ƴޱڴĿѪ
ʱɽдһ̾һҵĿ˳˱۾


292 ɱ
۾󣬸Լڳӯ˿˼ˣɹػظѵ״̬
Ȼ֪⼸쵽׷ʲôҲԼǼһˣһӿŵҲҸоһ٣Լʵ˷ȻøʵˣȻҲʵʲôز϶һ֮ǰҪúܶࡣ
֮ǰȫһСӶɱԼ״̬ʹҶǲɵøоͷƤ飬ȻⶫǺݺץԼбȽϺá
Һ˻ƴɵĻþܹӳ죬һûлƴɵĻҿ뵽ԼĽ֣ǾԼӿɱǸˣȻҵ屻ħռ
Ҳûʲôˡ
Ȼ⼸֮УȻһˣǿԸоõɽҲǰǰѲϾ˵ĵطиһȦȻҲǱصķΧûлƴɰϢһɽûڸסĻҲҵɱˡ
ս֮ԿѳҵõôϢ˵ҲΪǺеĻǵһغϾͻᱻ˸նɱˣҲΪԷĿ־壬֮ƭ˵Щ֮ܶһɺϣһͲܸƵɺϡ
һεжҼ˵ĺôҪһΣҿ϶ǲˡ
֮ܶⳡս˵ڵҲΪ
ʱƴҲ˵ˣ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ʵһֱţֻʶǱʲôһֻܸżȴܲٿԼ塣
͹ѹ࣬ʱ̫ˣˣľ̫ǿˣûʲô⡣ƴɿ˵
ʱҲʶһЩʲôæ˵ˣɣһ⡣
ʲôƴüë˵
ôо˻ָʵ˺ܶడһ˺ʵ½𣿡ʳ˴˿Ϊɻ⡣
ƴȻҲҵʵˣһ£˵Ҳɣڵ֮ǰĶԱȣֱ֮һұ׼ŵ
ʲôӰȻô˵Żƴ˵ģʼԼ
һҾЩˣŻʧˣȡ֮һöԲѪҲɵÿ˵ʲôҵأ
ƴɿ˵˹ڽ𵤣Ѫ飬Ҳһ˵˼ǣڵңն֮޵ˣ
ƴɿ˵ûʲôĻȷˡ
ұƴɵĻ𾪵Щ֪
ʱƴҲ˵ôѾָˣȻкܶ㣬ڵʵ϶ǿڲ֪ȥġ
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ǣ
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̾˿Ȼô׷ɱңôɫȥҲԵ̫ˣֻһܹսʤңô˺ˣѰҵЩ˵ҾΪѵ°ɡ
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˼ǣҪɱˣƴЩ˷ܵĿѯʵ
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ãҲӦһڵҽżƶ˳ɽ߱ؿǰǹһ˿Ц
ڣ˺λãӦҪһˣ
ȥѾеˣҵ˺Ѿҹˣһʯҵǵģ¿ȥź۵ڿ𣬿ΣϹһ˿Цݣɰ˶ˣ
žžȼţǳɫĻ治ͣŲľ˵ϣԵúͮͮġ
˵СĻᱻҵ𣿡ʱһ˿ڵ
ҪǱҸҵҶҪСӳƤҪ֪ˣǻҲСӵĻ˵ʦҪɱˣҲǽǸʦţǴͷĺվ˵
˵ݣۼһԸʬڵͷȥһ£ҪǱʦţɾֻ䵽˴ֵĳ̶ˡһ˿˵
ǰԱСӣߺߣΪҲǶΪҵҪǿǿͷĺһ
̲סˣЦշȫתͷң˵˭
Ц°ͣ۾ڵǸղŲ˵Ҫɱ𣿡
ৡ
һѺվ
ǸСӣ
ЦЦǰҿɲɱɱǵġ
䣬ҵֱͬһ㳯ǰ˴ȥת˲Ǵ̽˶ԷۿѪ˳ֱѪаԴݺݵקǺ˵ͷ­ԶĻѺݺݵ˦ȥ
ǰһȺЦҪɱҵˣҶһɱ
˵꣬Ӱǰȥ֮Ѫɫһ˽һɱÿ˶һɱ
ֻܿʣһˣЦЦûɱˣһŽ߷ڵأڵ
ȥʦ𣬼ȻɱңǾñɱ׼ɣ


293 ʬѪ
Ǹ˵󣬾ͺûƵãֱӳɽȥܳȥſ˵ǽ𵤵𣿸ղǸ˵ʵܹоĵ֮ǰҪǿ࣬ڽ𵤵ǰȴӤһһӾֱɱǸˣ
ƴɿ˵Ҷ˵ˣڵ㣬ն֮£޵ֲ֣͸֮ǰǸҹһҹûʶȴʶҲ˵Ǹҹӿֲ
ЦǸһ컯
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ִ򲻹ҷϣߡ˵
ѵ֪ʬ𣿡ƴ̧ͷ˵
ҡҡͷ
ʬǿ֮ԼıʵԼȻҲȴΪ˿ƸǿĽʬ׼ģʬڵսҲڿʬϣĲ˵ղɱǸĸʬˣͿԿһͷڽƴɿ˵
Щüͷʵڽ
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նʬˣǿԿƵĸǿĽʬǸ죬ԿƶǿĽʬҲɵÿ֪֪˰սֲɶ²ʣͷ͸ɵɵӡ
ʵնӦǿʬڽѪټʮ꣬ëȥжʼΪϿԶʱʬѾԼ۳ѪˣֻҪͣѪͿԲͣɳʬʵҲѾﵽնĳ̶ȣ룬ͬնˮƽʬڵȴڶԷж졣ƴɿ˵
ƴ˵ģҲЩˣѯʵʬ廹
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ҵ˵ͷû뵽ʬڵͷȻ˴ҿƴɣѯʵԣ˼ǣڵƺʬûߣʱҪɱûǳڣȵܹٿʬʱǾûа취ȥɱˣ
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ǰƴɿɬЦЦΪԼɱϸʬڣǸʬڵĵӶڼɣԡ
һǸ棬ҲɵЩЦ
ѾԼʶһԼ֣»ˣɱֱӽɣǿǷ˼ɻģҪ˵֡ƴɿ˵
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֮ǰ˵𣿾ǣҰɱ㵤顣ƴɿ˵ƺ˵ڵ㣬ڵѪ޵ǽ𵤣ֻнʬ޵Ѫ


294 ɱ
ŷӦղŻƴ˵ʬ۵ѪʱľһһòǰҸŪɽʬ˰ɡ
æԼֿ£ֲûʲôӲ״̬һ
ŪѪֻͽʬһûƿԷձ˵ѪΪ廹Ǻһġƴɿ˵˵Ҳ֣ɱǸʬڵ֮ôûǶˡ
Ҳ룬ƺЩӡ󣬾ҵʧصʱȻӿЩ֣ʱֻץסһ֣ڶԱһ£ֻɱ
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ƴɿ˵޵еʬ޵Щ¾ȫˣɱǿӵнʬ壬ͬʱӵߵԶν˫£ѾƿصļȻ֮Ȼɱǽʬôֲȴܹʱӵнʬǰǿ壬ɱ˵һ֣˵һУһС
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ͬ޵УһȻѪ˵ͬ޵УⲢպҵնʬ׶κͬ޵аӵɱɱͬ޵⻰ƺĲ˵˵ѡ
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ˣһ⣬˵ģʬڵˣкڽѲǵʱֱúڽͿƳǵĻ𣿡ҿ˵
ڽô׹ڹŴʬڵ˶ᱳһڹײģײŵľĽʬ㱳ײĿ˱ƴɿ˵
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ƴôһ˵ҲŻȻһǵǲ
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ҵ˵ͷŵѾѪг˸ɵĸʬڵӣЦЦҪС˵棬ƾǴħͷ֮ķɫɡ
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Ҳҿٵ뿪طһĵطúøһѪϵɱ䡣
Űɣ졣
಻죬ҶҪȡ㹷

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һ˰̺ظߣԷɱֻҪһ
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ա
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ղ￾ȻǸСһӳ֣ɱ˶ӳȻ˶ɱˡ
ǶϬӥ۵һˣû뵽˾Ȼôƣһ˱׷ɱ뵽ߣСȴǷΪȻɱԼˣĻɾЩȻ𾪣컹ǲɫؿڵ
˵ϢҺ㣬е֪𣿡
˺һͣѾԼԼܹʲôǴȥȻҾͶ֪Сӵʵֹӳһ֮Щ˿϶ҲҼѲˣΪ˷ֹһҪǷڣڵĶԼ
Ϊ˱˼æڵϣĵ
ʦұ֤ҾԲˡ
ɿȭͷֺݺݵקһһɫĻָŷɰԵĻֳ˶ʮƣϵľ߸ɱʬճ˻ңȻȥϴŵĻź۾ڵ
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Σ֣û뵽ȻôףȻѾս飬ôͺ棡
໡
һХԶһ𵴿ܵɲͳХ˻һЩϤ֮ǰƭԼԼܶΣżһת쳯ǵӶȥ
С֣ο㻹ܣ


295 
۾Ѿ賿ˣѾЩգҶŻƴɿ˵Ҹоɱ䣬ʹõʱ򣬻ȫƣһ仹ԣõڶʱѾЩƲסˣоҸսʱӲˣ᲻ᱻħ壿
ħƴЦСǳˣ֮ǰùԼּѪѹʹѹҾҲûа취ӰˣȻǲСҪռһ۰涼
ҵ˵ͷħܹ֮ѹңĸ֮⣬Ĺؼռǻɽǧһˣ⻻һ˵ϣǵжֲ󲻵
ƴ˵ħڳ飬ҲҵЩ£µʱܶˡ
˵ٴθչʱѾնˡ
Һ֮ĲģռȡһȨˡ
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ɱѾѧ𣿡ƴɿѯʵ
ҵ˵ͷȻûȫѧᣬõڶˣ͹ˣֻҪյ㹻ѪɱҲգ۵飬ɱȻãҲһȱ㣬ǾѪĵʵ̫ˣҸղֻ˲һӵʱ䣬֮ǰɱĸյѪһˡ
⸽֮⣬ӦûвʮʬڵĵӣȴǿʼְɣɱǣۼѪӦþͿ֧ŵʮˣҵʾӦÿնɱ죡ƴɿ˵
ҵ˵ͷ˵ˣɣ֮ǰԵʱ򣬺˵ˣ˵Լиɣ
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ˣ˭ֻҪ֪ǻƴɾͿˡЦЦ뿪ջƴ֮ǰұλÿʼ׽ȥ
һԡ
Ҳ֪ǲҵĴԴѪ֮ƺûٰⶫһԴˣֻˣһǿɱ֮ˣһǲɱ֮ˡ
Щ֮ˣͺһɱ˱ǣҲûжС
ƴɿ˵ɱҲһѣƶķֽ߸ģˣʱն͸ˣΪԺЩ飬Ͳ£Ȼûն˵
ƴ˵꣬ҲЦЦǾȳһˣ
Ҳ֪᲻οҪ֪֮ǰһֱЩѶϡƴɿ˵һ䡣
Ҳڰ˱ʱұЩֽΧס˵Ļ
ԼȲˣʲôȥȱˣŴʥ˲˵¡ЦһԸٶȳŻƴɸұעЩ˳ȥ
죬ӦѾܵҵĴ˰ɡ
ڿ϶ܷŭƾʲôһ˻ͷʹ顣
ôҪ֤ж
ֻҪ֤ɱ֮ˣҶҪɱȥ

һθϵʱ򣬿߸ɱʬɫҲǸӵĳЩʬһͱˮһĿſеѪζ˵ˣѾǵˣ
ǸʱҲЩսսĿ˵Ϣŭ
ϢŭʲôϢŭһưǸ˸˵ȫǷȻһССĶ㲻Ƕǳʺ𣿡
һ˿űŭе죬ӿ־ˣô꣬ûʦôʦӣͺǣһҪĻɽ
Ѿ˶ˡ쿴һ־ĺˣʵ
һʼˣеѾжʮɥڴ֣֮ÿ˶ϵѪ⣬ӾȻǸʬڸаšǺ˿˵
ʮˣüëѾʮˣҸʬڵĵܹҲʮˣһӾȥһС룬ôˣҾһȺ𣿡
˵Դ˵ˡ
Ŀ˵ѾԲ鵽ӵˣЩȥʬ뿪ʱ䣬ԲᳬʮӣһΣ´ΣҾҪץסСӣɻң
ʦ˲¡˼ô˵æһʱƨ˹ȥ
Цһӵȥ˼Ҹղ˵ģ۵һڻ۵ǣҵҪСжܲҵֵɱˣ
ǵʦ𣡡˶һȥ
ֵôѾвٵӶ֪ˣҲԷʱҪܵĻǿܵģΪûеӸȥѲ顣
СӣƺҪɱˣܡ
ѵаպʦս
ܣ鲻ԽĿ˵һ䣬СӰʦ˵ģҲֻжʵҲܺʦᲢۣնʬ֮𣬿ɲô׾Ϳȥġ
һһʦСӵӣҲɵЦ˳Сӣ㺦ôͬȥʦøֱʦһһģ
˸˵仰һЦ
Ŷ𣿡
ֻоԼͷһæͷÿһɫۣɢŰɫЦųԼ˹
ʦԼ˵Сӵӣ˲ɵһ־ؿǰ׷꣬˵ǣ
һĳǺ˹ȥԼֱѹú˲Ҷܿ죬˲ߵ˺˵ǰԼѪؿڡ
˰


296 ţ
ź˵ʬѪѸٱøɱЦЦŻƴɿ˵֪ΪʲôڸоԼĺܿա
ǻ᳤ģʱһĻ˵ǣǻǸ˵ӣڵҲˡƴɵҲһ˿ɬ
һܻȥ𣿡ҶŻƴɿʵ
ƴû˵ˣ̬Ѿ˵ˣҵЦݱøӿɬ֪ˡ
ܻȥġƴɺȻ˵һ䡣
仰ĿԻصȥ𣿡
ܡƴն
Ǿͺá̾һ˵ԷѾʼ£ˣ컹ΪԴù𣿡
ǻᱻɹӰ죬ԶǸֻܿƭŻĴڣԿҲģôоˣƴЦſѯʵ
죬ôᣬԽǿңҾԽǿģɱ͸ˡ
СҲթԲĺܡƴҲЦ
ҿɱˣüͷ˵
һӣڶӦþֻӲɡƴɹһ£˵
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ͬʱڻɽ֮Уһ峿ɽۣ֮δĹӷһ峺ǵĺ

ճ֮ʱɽеĵȫԭأÿ˵϶һ˿֪
ඥ˲䣬˶۾
Ҳ֪˶ãһ۾˶ԼΪȻʵˡ
ʱһȻûиղǵ峺ȴ
еĵȫ
ɽֻеش鷢ʱ򣬲Ż
һ˲䣬繦ģˮģɨصģģ𴲵ģȫһԵĳɽ»۶ȥʱ򣬰СʱڣҪᡣ
ʲôˣôǿӣ
ղûУֻһֱ۳˵ѾԪ۷ˡ
ʲôʦֱӶˣն˶
ʲôһȻֱʦն˶ⲻܰɣ
ʲôܣ˵һеĵΪȫϴһܣЩʥÿͣҲϴˣ˵ܶء
죬Ҳֲ̫һɣѹҴŵڣû˵˯źǿӾһֱûһôˣ
ҲȻɷ˼ǻȥɣ
һһ𣡡
һƵڻɽеĻɽȫϲɫĳɽ¸ȥȻ׷ʲô͸ղǵԣԲʲô¡
϶컯ǰԼ
Ϊ˷ܵȻȣȱÿǸطһֱӸ˶ľ簡
ǶԼֻʮ꣬Ѿ־磬ʹٶʦ壬ҲǶʮһ۵Ķ
Լеһˣ
һ뵽⣬ȵľͺͻɽ緢һ
ȻʱڵĻҿ϶ϵóȾ֮ǰڷɻϿǸƬԳͺӵŮ
ܿ죬ֻ˶ʮӣɽĵӾȫۼһˣͬʱɽĸҲʼɢο
ЩɽճοȻܲԸһ˳˻ɽ
ҲԸоõƺɽʲô˲õҪˣ
Щοȫɽ󣬻ɽȫۼһȾеһǻɽԪƽĵӣڵȺУƽﴩżªʦʱȻǼһֱ᲻ôĵۡ
¹ࡣ
ɵĳǣҲȫۣɵվһš
Ǹն˶ʦҲУƽһ䵭ʦ壬ʱȻ㽺ͼֱƽʱˡ
ȿǰһĻҲɵЩ֪
׷ʲô
ӱȻҲòȥÿ˶ޱȵĲ֪롣
ʱ򣬼λҲʼõǶǱȻһȺɵĳһɽȥ
ߵһܲ۵Сɽǰʱ
ȼԼʦɽԪƽȻֱӹޱϵĿǰ档
ȻЩƽ߸ϵĳǣ
ֻǷһųǹ
ɽӽӶĹ¹һţɽ
ӣͺڳʥ
ʥȵһ˿ã˭ƽ˭Ҳʦʱڶ˭¹
ʱȺȻǰʦڴһ䣬ӹӭʦүɽ
ԼԴڵϡ
ӭʦүɽ
ЩҲȫԼԴڵϡ
ʦүʲôʦү
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ǸųǰԴڵϣһ˶ĽͷڵϣҲ֪Ȼ͵͵̧ͷ㿴ĸʦү
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һ󣬳˳Ϻƽ̣ЩҲв˶̧ͷǰ濴ȥ
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ӭʦүɽϺƽһοڴ
ܿ죬ɽ紵Ҳ˳ϺƽǾӭ˭ˡ
һŴֲµˣƤͺû˯һȴָһӡ
֪ΪʲôȵԺкȻһ֡
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ǸԿطӮ߰ڽɽȴֻҪһɽɽʦү˯ɳҡ
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297 
ͣĻһˣˣˡ
ǰԼֻа˸˵Ķ飬ɫ͸ʺһѿ
˸ˣ
ʬڼֻ˸ˣ
оԼĶڵѪεĺҲӵǿ
ԼץһһҪúú
쳤ХдǿҵĲʣֲʵҲӰ쵽ڳˡ
Щ˵д޾Ŀ־壬ǿ֪ʱʮ˰ڣǸԼѲļһɱֻа˸
ڼʱǰԼҵǼһȡʦ䷢ĽҲɵôһͲȥˣȥģ
жǸ˵Ŀ־Ѿȫǹ˶ˣɣڣԷɱȫűȻ֪ûʲô٣Լоȫһ㡣
Сҵ㣬ҪƤɣŭһ䡣
ŭдǿҵĲʣҿǰȻѾ뱩ŭ״̬е죬ҲЦһֱƿ˻ƴɸŪĻþ쿪˵ŶôƤ˵һͦȤġ
㣡ŽߵңݺݵĿ˵û뵽㾹ȻҳΪѾˣ
ܣΪʲôҪܣҿǰĶҪѪ죬˵ﻹа˸˻ûɱأҪɱңҾţ
˵ҪţŭЦ˵ҪǰɱҵĵӣУң
ȻЦˣµЩȴһûЦҳϵĿ־֮ҲӵŨ
ԼЩͬš
Ȼһٺ˵ǰֻжʵ˭ŰҪж̶ֳȣȥʺԸ⡣
ʱѾʼԼʦˡ
˵˭ãƫƫҪɱں˰ɣɱ㶼ɹ˾ˣڶпܻ
ܺЦ𣿡ҿǰĴЦ죬˵
ʱҲֹͣЦݣݺݵĿң˵ѻˣֻҪɱһˣվֱ̽ɱ
ŶɲҪ˵̫Ŷҿǰһģ죬Цһ
䣬ҵĽżֱһתûе췴ӦֱԽһնһ˵ϡ
һȥǺ˵ֱӱøɱȥһգ۾Ѿˣ

˵ĺҲȫŵĴδǸͲط
ܣܵĻĸ죡쿪˵
ȴûģÿ˶ƴš
泹ʧغ쿴ң˵ϲ㣬ɹŭˣ
ղŲ˵̽Ծ𣿡ζĿǰԭ߸ϵ죬˵
ϷȥɣֱץһŨʬ
ɵĶ㿪ʬ˵һҾٶɱɱ̽ɱΪֹ
䣬ֱӳһȥûеӦһֱͱĺϣۿɼٶȸɱ
ųҿ죬ЦЦһɵĶ㿪죬һĿ̶ȥ
ԭЩңɼٶȣ˿ȴЩࡣ
Ȼڵ滹򲻹죬ٶϣҪȲó޵Ҫӿһ㡣
ϵʱֻܿһ߸ɱʬ壬ҿЦȥıӰ
ֱӷĺгɷϷҲ
ȴûйȥ׷ˡ
˷׷󣬾ȻֱӷӴܣǰҿĵүүүүһҲ
׷Ϻֻɨһۣ֪ڣͲӦùѲңͼҪɱң
䣬ֱһնȥѪзϵѪ˲Ͱ˸˸ɡ
ʱɱһˣһӶûйȥ
ܹͲ߸ˣһӾͱɱһСˡ
תͷܻ׷죬ЦһֱӳһĿɱȥ
ǵĸ˼ҾȻҲǿ־ղԼͬʦֵҲûãҧҧֱӼԼڵѾʬںϵһѳҴ˹
ҪҾͺƴˣ
۵һɵĽ仯⣬һͷѸٳŵĿɱȥ
ʱҲѾӦԣ㲻ǶʵѾ۳˽𵤣ԣûնĵģܣô۳أ
㲻ܣҲܣЦɱ˺
ʣ˲ܳȥûԶ໥һۣӶԷпƸ۵˼ǺҲҪסһʦɱΪǱ𣡡
˵ֱ꣬Ӻһ
һתƹǵĺϻֱһǵʱѪչľѪҲ׵˶壬ܵѪ洫ľ޴ѪҲЦʱˣ
ʱǰɱԼ˵ڿʼܻСֻеһս𣿡
ͣ˽Ųתȥ죬һѪϵѪһ߶쿪˵Ӵղſ˵ֻҪɱһӣ̽Ծҿȫɱˣôû̽Ծһ޳ܵϹ
㣡챻仰ĲУղǾֵȷ˵ģһӾȻҲҲʲôĻֻܻĿ˵С֣бͬһս
˵ֱ꣬վԭزϵƿʼֲצ
ʱҲѾɹĽѪչѪѪ֮С
һս
üë죬Ȼ
ȻôұԸ죡


298 ط
죿췴һ䣬ǳؿң˵˼ǣҪɱң
ĵ𣿡ֱӴһţϵƳǵصӿ˹
ܵǵصƺҵɫҲЩҪ֪Ѿն˶ģ֮ǿԲܹᲢ۵ġ
ȴҲû֮ǰͬɽһѹˣֻԸоЩʣͿӲסǹɿֲˡ
û뵽ż첻ʵͻͽô࣬˵ʵҪȥѶնˣҾԲĶ֣ãȻûôЦһԼˣȻôҾͳȫɣԶԿն㲻ǵһȴԲһҵҲҫˣ
ҿǰɻǷϻƪ죬˵ϻ˵ˣ˵ĵҶôңʲôʱ̽ԾأҶ˺þˣ
ԭڵҵ仰ɫ䣬ĶңС֣ҴһģڿûҪˣ
˵ֱӽڵһ壬ڵһ㳯Һٶ֮죬˸о˼
ֱ죬һʹɱ仹ʱ򣬻ƴɺȻ˵ȲҪɱ䣬Ⱥһ£Ÿ۳ѪⶫǺ˽⣬һֻǿһߵĴְ㹮һ¡
Ҳûƴ˵еһƫһĳҪնȥ
Ѫпɱ֮ǰʹѪеʱ̫ˣѪ໥ӳѪУ˿ɢǿɷʹңɵøоԼƤҵ
һɣûսǿٵתԼĻóһСֻ࣬һ˰ײСľһС࣬С˲䣬ҸоԼļⶼЩӲˡ
˵嶼ӲסˣҲЦһɵ֪ʬڵǿ֮սһӲƴ
ȥɣݺݵĿ˵ǸСľСϲͣôţҵ徹ȻҲһ仯
һ֪Լˣ֮ǰţʮҲôҵ嵱ʬϵģ֮󣬸ûа취ʲô֮
õˣһʶ
ŰŰϵıҲӵĿˣҰƳС
˵꣬ԼĻͳһ˻ɫֽİ죬ӺҵɫҲһߣлᦣ
ȻЦһԼлᦷڵϣС࣬ͣôС࣬һﻹдʡ
ܹол洫һǿҪҵȥˣ
һ֪ôȥҿҪŪСˣʱͱ˵ʲôѩˣһ˸оĵ飡
ҿԼڵѿСĿƣԼˣҿСܹ֮ˣ϶Ϊ
ʹҷɻܹǸС
Ǹоͺ෢ĵֱӳҵԺһСȻôƵģ
ᵽһҲæԼˣȻûôٷȥֻ֮ǰӲ
ʱͺǷҵͼһ㣬ЦһɣɣԽҾԽǸоģİɣҲģһĺܾúܾãޱߵʹгȥ
ҲЩˣҪԼڵѪɱ䣬ܲСֿ࣬СԵʣҪɱʱֻܸоԼǱ˵ԵʣȻòɱˣ
ӿɰҸŪóЩˣҵûгãѸٱҸѹ֪޾֮·ڿ϶ûе;ƿݵʱ
취취
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ˣС˵һֻˣһֿԿ˵ĻһֱĬŵĻƴɿ˵ȥƱ˵Ļǿ϶ûа취ɹˣóɱ䣬廹ǻᱻס
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ƴЦЦڵ屻ˣȷûа취ʹóʮ޼û뵽İ취𣿡
ƴôһ˵ҲȻЩȻ򣬡˼ǣۣ
ˣƴɿ˵ڵѾ۳ѪˣǰһֻܿԼķŭ߶ۣѪеԼ۾˹ȥ
ţҵ˵ͷæջƴɵĻ￪ʼתѪе
ʱҲԼлᦣЦſң˵С֣ڵˣűƳСѣ
㣡
㣡
ҲоԼʱ䲻ˣһֱڼӿԼѪȣ۾оһɹɵȸУͷһϲ֪ۼǰף
ʱСڵϣһһֻС࣬һָɽŵϵлһָлᦾȻֱһһ
лᦷĴƺҲЦҾ˵СŰɣҶģ
Ŷ𣿡̧ͷ۾ǰЦ죬еѪɫһҫ۵Ѫſ


299 
۳ʱҾ͸оԼϵļҲһִݿٶȱţȻҲһ㡣
ΪԼ徹Ȼһ۸ĸͶˣǰ˫Ѫɫһһ˫ô۾ϴֻǾһƳҲû̫һ£ڣԷȶסʹ˫۾ʱŷ֣Լ˫۾ǰ޴ӶΡ
ʧȥ˿ƵлʱҲһֻͷӬһҵȥָɺЦȥץסлᦣֱ˺Ƭ
ʱҲҵ֮ѿٵĳźȥϵС඼ˣ˳ȥһֵĿң˵û뵽㾹ȻЩܹƳҵС࣬ˣҲ԰ˡ
ô㲻ƳСˣҿѾȫ޾ɵлᦣ쿪ڳһ䡣
ɫһ䣬˵ǴƳСһʱģȻôҾͳȫɣ
˵꣬Ϳٵĳҳ˹
ҴһĺãѸײڶ֮ӭס籩һĹ
Ҳ֪ǲʶͨǶһֻֻŶԷʽһֻѸٵӡ
ŵǽӡӡЩӣһҲõʲôӡӦǸʬеһӡɡ
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ĳһ˲䣬˹˾ŵһ㳯źȥ˳ȥҲоԲʮ֮ڣһǿҵʬΪģĴŨҵʬ׵ȻңѪԵʣһӻûܵӰ졣
ȴҲܹоԼƤڱһֹͣĸʴţôȥҺܿҪŧˮˣûѪĻҹֻʮʱ䣬Ҿ군ˣѪҿԼһʱ䡣
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ȥȴҲһ˿ϢĻᣬõֽӡ˫ֽӡܿ죬ӡͽˣһ߰ѳŽӡһǸʬ˵Ĺ￪ʼѸٵ߶ճպմ⣬ң£»湰ݣƱգѳּȼã
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꼱ҸоؼһɿֲĲ𣬶ʱϳ侭ܣôܻ侭ɱ죬ɱ
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ʱѾûоȥ㿪ʬ˵Ĺˣʱһ㣬òó侭ɾֱɢˡ
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ʱʬѾ嵽ǰˣĳϯѸٵĺˣʬҪ׷ʱеƺһ
һֲĽֱʬ˵ϡ

ʬ˷һޱҵĺʬа֮׵֮һһˣаʤ
׵籾ĴڼֵƳһаȣ
ֲ֮׵ǰ棬ʬѾȫûκλ֮
ֻһ磬ֱӰԭֲʬ˸֧飡
ָɽָǰʬһָȥнЩ׵ҲѸ۵һֱӺ¡һʬϣһ£ֱӽʬ˸ҵĻҷ
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úúãû뵽Сӵˢӣһ˫а۾һ侭ҵҪ㾿жٵƿԺƴĿңдǿҵķŭ
죬ҵĵƶ㣡
ôãѾ㶨ˣΪС㣿ֻʱˡ쿴ң˵
ĻʶĸоЩȴûиоﲻǿҵΣҵĺëˡ
ֱҧԼָѪҺԼ»һȦԼΧȥ󣬶ҿ˵óʬɽ󷨣Ҳֵˣ


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ʬɽ
仰Ҳһ£Ͻѯʻƴʬڵɽ󾿾Ǹʲôôãؿ϶Ҳ˵
ƴһ˵ʬڵɽͺɽɽ࣬ʬͬǿҵʬ͹Է֮Уʬ͹ʴܿ仯һ̯Ѫˮ
ƴ˵꣬Ҳ̲סһʬͬ;ࣿǾԽסڲˣ
ʬͬ;һȫ෴ģֻһΣ󷨱ƣȻͲˣʬͬȴԷʹáƴɿ˵ҪƳҪɱܶɽĵӣſƳʬͬȴһɱܶʬڵĵӣۼЩӵ꣬۳ʬͬĹԽ࣬Խǿ֮ǰȻһ㣡
Ҳ˵ҸղɱЩʬڵӵΪԾĹһ˵
˼ƴɿ˵
ƽİ취𣿡æѯʵ
УڵʵΨһƽʬͬİ취ǣû۳֮ǰٶ뿪ӣһӣʬͬҪˣʬͬķΧѾһɽȫȥܣһҲܲɽοԱ߻һڻ񣡡ƴɿ˵
һӣһ£һӵʱʵ̫һ㣬ܣȥ
ǿϧˣұȷҪƳСģû뵽㾹ȻĿԱƵó󷨣ǾֻˣҸʬڵĵӣôɱģЦſңɱ⣡
Ȼܲȥҿ죬˵Ҿһ汳
ֱЦ˼ǣҪһ֮ɱңЦſңϷʡ
벻ɣһԲ֪𣿡ҿ죬ֱӿٵĳ˹ȥ
۵һֱӱһȭҵȭͷҵһͣ
岽ſܹվסվס֮󣬻ܸоԼѪͣķš
ڵʵӲȻǶ֡
ҲЩЦղûȥкЩʬڵӵĻҲȥ뵽ЩӵĹԸҡ
ϾЩӶѾˣô˷ѵãɱС
ҪûɱЩӵĻںսֻҪɱ䣬ͿԻ˰ɣ
һԾĹ
ҿɬЦЦɫһ䣬ȻҪô֮ǰҲȻҪˮ
ҪһɱңҲôù
Ҳע⵽ı仯ң˵֮ʵĲ࣬˵һ֮ڴˣûҸǺõˣ
Ҿ㿴ʲôʵϵĲ࣡ҽһ壬Ѹٵĳ˹ȥ
ںȭͷ֮ǰѸٵԼѪѪٵĳԼȫ
ɱ䣬һ䣡
һ˲䣬ҸоԼһоԼޱȵҲøӵĿֲ
Դ󣡡ûע⵽ҵı仯ЦһֱһȭҶƴ
䣡
һ˺ȻҪǱ٣ͣסŲܿסԼڷӿѪֱһѪ˳һ𾪵Ŀңܣⲻܣôܻôǿ󣬾ȻҶˣ
ԣϢǣɱ䣡⾹ȻҸʬǿѧɱ䣡㾹Ȼɱ䣡ôܻɱ䣿ⲻܣҶᣡ쿴ңеĴһ˿̰
ǴʲôطõɱģԣûɱСֻ֣Ҫɱҿ㲻쿪˵
Ȳ˵ɱѾҵѪںһ𣬽ɱ͵ڰҵΪˣ˵ˡ
ǽɱţҲŹҵġ
֪̫ˣ뿪Ҳʲôùӳԣ
ҪɱɣЦһֱӿٵĳȥ
Ȼ㲻ңҾɱ㣬Լȡ䣬ƤѸٱĲ̲̣
ԼͷųȥʬջǿԼˣⷨźɱ֮ͬȴҪǿܶ࣬Ҫɱˣƴɿ˵һôǾһֵʬʬͬٶȣҲ٣ڵʬͬԣ㻹ӵʱ䣬սˣĿ˳ʬڵĴɱĿʹѾЩʧˡ
ƴɵĻҲһ˿ϲӣ
ӿˣѡܵĻͲ͸ղһˣ
Ǹᣡ
һʱһȭҺ˹ӿٵĳҽӽ
䣡ҿٵָŲ磬ٵ㿪һȭҪȥ
Цһܣ
䣬ܷѧһŤ̵ֱ̲ۻצֱӳҵץ
֪ĻҸ֮ӳطģ
һһŤһץ
ٶȺܿ죬վֻǸܵСӣʶȤĻͰɱôһԸһȫʬĻҾֻʬͬ㻯һ̯ѪˮˣЦһֱһȭ˹
һȭֱҵ˷Ҳʲôطܣкܹң
ȻܣǾֻƴˣ
㻹ǿһ£ô̽Ծɣ
һڵһȣɽҵѾѸٵʧԭأһȭͷҵһ


301 ǧ
䣡
һ죬һȭȥҲоһɳУû뵽ֻʬǿһԼǿѾǿһˡ
Һ˺üŰɳ徢ˣ˫ȵŵŵŵĲ˺üҧҧ֪ʱҪóɱڶ䣬϶׼Ҫǿȥҿɾ군ˣ
룬ս
䣡
ҺһȭȭûôܣӲȭѾоԼȭͷԼȭͷˡ
췢һЦѾ;ƿݵˮ׼ˣɱȫʬ
룡һֱһȭȥ
Ц㻹ģڵҪңֱڳ˵Ц
ǲǳ˵Ц˲֪ºͷĸھֱҲʼù
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ѪгһޱǿѪѪѸҵܣֱϵľˣһɫѪޱȿֲһѵСߡ
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Ҵһֱһȭȭͷϣ
ǣһֵĿԼ˲䱻ϵֱۣûļӦͿһֲӰֱӵǰ
ˣһȭؿϣ˾ͺǶߵķƵóźȥ
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ǵģ֮ǰûսҿƵڶ䣬ѾЩˡ
սóڶ䣬ЩĴҴܵѪһвͻѪܵĸо
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ʱȻѾܲô࣬ȻڵѪŰĲУʱҪиֵ췴ˣһסҪôɱҪôٻʬͬ
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ڣѾռȻҵǰѾû˻ֻ֮ҪһֱռȡȻɱͿˡ
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ҲûˣֱӱҵһƸĳſзȥ
ҽڵһ壬Ҳ͵سſȥĳһ˲䣬ֱӳ죬һ¿ȥѸٵĳŵȥ
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䵽ϵ˲䣬˫ֳŵأһɨҶȣ߷˳ȥ
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Ұãû뵽ʱȻıʣֱǲӦð
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ҿٵĽӽ죬ҳ嵽ǰҪԼѪͱ˲䣬һ̾
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ǧңҲ̾һ˵þòˣΣ
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֮ǰĶѣ˿վҶλãҸоرķŭȻǧǺһӪģϴǧŹǣﻹдһ˿ҡ
İݷҵǰʱȴԼζܽˡ
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ɱ˼˵ɱңȴɱˣЦһҲ޾ķŭ
˸оܽܵľ֣˾ĸо
˷ŭļֱҪϢ
ҪɱĻҲģڣȻҪɱǧ΢΢üͷҼƻҪλãʧȥĸҵļƻͻܴܵӰ죬ӰҸоܡ
ƻЦһҲˣǰǧǼƻߣκ飬ƻеһҲǿļƻ֮ǰжŻô˳
ֻһΣļƻҵϡ
ҳƻеһöӣָо˸оˬ
˼ǣˣȶˣ֮ԵûҲΪƻеһüͷǧ
ûǧûзϣüͷΧŨʬ͹һ㣬ΧĹѸٵɢ˵ʬͬѾƽˣвߡ
ߣûɱ֮ǰﶼȥġҳǰһ죬ɱˣɱң
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óһöɫҩӺͻָˣ
䣬ǧֱӿ죬ʧɽ֮С
ҲʵĿһĻһȭڵϣĴ


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302 ج
˺һƴſ˵ˣѾˣѾоϢˡ
Ѹٵ侲˿ûиղַӣƺղǸ˸Ͳһ
˵İ취Ч𣿡ҿŻƴɣ˵
ƴɵ˵ͷ϶ЧҲᱻ֣ǿҶؼҸұ֤棬ֻҪѪһǣԻᱻû뵽ǣСӾȻܹôʱ䣬ǧô˶ûз˵Ϊʱ䡣
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ǵĿʲôеѾ׸һˡҿŻƴɣ˵
֪ǲħŪһҷںͻƴ֮ûʲôˡ
ҵ뷨ȥɽţϾЩ˵Ⱑ滹ǣСģⲢ滯ӦҲںȫ棬ɽʥض񣬶СЩ׵ľЩʥأʱʥؿ϶ΪСĳ𣬶ȴʧûУԲȥ飬ʵõģ˵ˣ֮СҲСģҪϴ򣬴Ϊ˶εĹƻ󣬶һһܹؼЩ˶ɽҲ˵ɽǣܴ󣬻ɽһıҲǶεһıƳĻӰ󡣡ƴɿ˵
ƴôһҷԼҪһȽϺã̾һ˵һ⣬Ǿ׳ʱڰСĸҵʱǸ뷨ǰ䵱ɽ뷨ģǰɽ׳뷨ģǰߵĻһι飬䵱ɽһɹɷ棬ĻĴʥ棬ʥǣˣʥأǡǡʥء
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ҷԼԴնģʱ֪ӦʲôȥҵӣҵӾͺҪըһ
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ǰҲ˼ҵ꣬ϵ·ˣһ۵ģؼң϶ϰߡ
Ϸɻʱҵһֱܽ꣬޲÷ɻ˲͵׳ˣŪĿս㻹صعҼǲǸо
ǿЦŶҡҡͷܾ˿սİæ
ȷɻغȲȥȥ󣬴Ƴ̳ͳżɱȥһ·ϣҿʼЩֻҺһؼҺ󣬿ʬ塣
˵ģҰֳˣЩʲô⣬ô찡
ҧ⳵˾ע⵽Щ쳣ˣǣ˰ɣҸ㿪һ㣬𼱡
æԳ⳵˾˵һлл
ʱƴҲ˵Σȱ𼱣ʱҲûã侲ȥ˼׷ʲô
ܲ𣿳µҰ裡Щŭ˵
֪ԽԽǲż֪ôΪģ⣿˵Ǳ˵Ķⱨƴɿ˵ʲôֻ֪֪żϰ߲ãøӳٶۡ
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Ұôжвˡ
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ҽԺǱҲ鲻ʲôֵֻҰָˣˣҰֽʱ򣬺ȻҵĴŴţͿˣȳһƬѪŪȫѪ
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ϾȻ̰С˸ŪãȴΪҺãϾũ廧ҪȥѧʱǮѣûйϵҲǽȥġ
ȻسҲǳУȴҪ̫ˡ
˵ģҵǲЩˣ϶ײаˣǲͣĴþණҪֵһϲȥ²ԲŻ᲻ͣĴãڿԣӦණѾȥˣĲʣѪȳˡҽԺΪʲôȻˣֶˣǣһ˵˵ڵĹֶԴ״ӵ˺ܺ£ϾЩҽմȾ˺ŨѪҽ֮ˣֺҲǶԵġƴɿ˵ɵͳڣ鵽ĵģڰ裬ʣⷿӵ飬˭ǵģӦͻƿڡ
ҵ˵ͷ׸衣
迪˵˭ɲһ֪ʱͲǵˣںˣֶҪҸˣ
ҿֿʼھæڰοȥ˯ҺҰֵһŶŻƴɿ˵ɣҪôвȵİ취𣿡
ȵİ취ȻеģȴΣգǾȻˣҲûûˣϾѾʮˣɢˣּ³ôѪҲֻˡ
ƴɻ뿪˵ʲôҾʹ˵ңʲô취
ƴ̾һ˵ȥ׼һЩһ澵ӣŴףѪѻƶȻŪһӣһͷնԴļ
ҵ˵ͷҲȥʼ׼ˡ
Ӳ˵˭ҶС
Ҽұũ񣬼ҲģǼѪͼǲ׼ˣҲð죬ǰŴ׺ͻƶЩΪˡ
ҳȥҸھӣһҼʹŰŴ׺ͻƶˡ
󣬻ƴɾͿ˵Ȱ⼦ѪõҴϣסˣá
ҵ˵ͷȥֱӰѼѪõ˴ϣȻ󿪿˵أ
ȻŴ׺ͻƶڵذϣסˣһҪȣκһط©ȥٰѾӹִͷĵطӺͼվֵߡƴɿ˵
ƴ˵꣬ҲЩɻ󣬿˵ЩǸģ
ҸղŲǺ˵ֵһͷҪĹ֣ȻڵʵǺܼ򵥣ֵʵ̫ˣôһ壬϶ҪһغˣԾҪõЩƴ̾һ˵նԴļصʱһֵϣڵǸණ϶ܲ˳ģǸණģܵţ״ֵ֪ڵԹ϶Ҫɱ⺦˺üԪණ϶ҪܵģڴüѪմ˼Ѫ󣬾ͺ˱ˮһ϶ĴҴܣʱ϶˻ƶŴףûеطվģ϶ҪȥʱѾúֵסˣֳȥֻŴףƶѪļлУͣױͿú΢ɱסˣǧʹײ֣ɾˣ
ƴ˵꣬Ҳ˵ͷһƴ˵ɣȴоǺɡ
ϾֻҪҳһأĿɾҰˡ
ǿҰְ
̾һѾӹҰִͷնԴļͺվҰֵߡ
׼ûУƴɿ˵
ҵ˵ͷ
һ˵ʼֱӰǼֵĽϣණͻ㶯ֺͰӣúӰָסˣһҪһ֮ڸ꣬Ȼ󣬾ͻѡͬھˣƴɿ˵
˿ڿˮصĵ˵ͷʹҹʱ򣬶ûع


305 ص
ʱ򣬻ƴɺȻ˵ţ
ҵ˵ͷٵİԼļҰֵĽϣҰ־ͺթʬһֱӴӴ
۾ɭɭĿңһϮʶľҪȥֿƴæ˵ʱණͲҳˣһײ֣
ƴôһ˵Ҳ͵ػæѹסҪĳ嶯ǹͣĳײҵ塣
ˣһ³⣬ѹסԼԼײҰ֣ҲʲôණʲôҲ
ʱƴɺȻ˵ڣϽӣ
ұѾ׼ˣƴôһ˵Ͻֿʼʱ򷿼ȻһĲҽԴҲһ¡
ҧԼ⣬ԼʶѸٵĻָȻøٶúҰֵϿʼ
ʱһҿڴϵЩѪʼͺǱһѪζڷѸٵţǹŨѪζŻ
ҲоһĿҡ
ʱҲڰӸˣһҰָķȥʼǹҵĿ⿴˹ȥ
ŵЩŴ׺ͻƶϣܿͳһѪɫĽӡ
ЩӡͣڵϲţţһǿҵҲͣڷ쳹š
¶Ѹٵ½˺ü϶ȵĸоҾȻ̲סһ
ʱ򣬷⴫ŵСΣʲôΪʲôôĶ
䣬Ҫұһæ˵裬һͺãסˣǧҪ
žͺиҵķĴܣȻҿԿذЩŴ׺ͻƶ治ֵͣѪӡ
ǽϳֵѪӡ
ЩӡͽӡԽԽ࣬ԽԽ࣬ǲҽҲԽԽǿҡ
ණЩУһණʱˡƴɿ˵
Ҹ뿪˵ʲôʱ򣬾ͿŰֶˣһ֪̫ˣҪˣɰҸŵòᣬæ˹ȥŸѹס˵裬˵ˣȱｻҡ
㵽ʲôͺܼ
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һѹָղŻƴɺ˵ΣգԭΣյġ
һôֲĶܶҲЩûס
ʱҿЩѪӡʼѸٵĳҳ˹һæһ߶˹ȥǸоԼǱײһֱһ¡
Ȼ֪ʲôҵ档
ҧסӲͦţȻҲܶѪĥľǺǿģǹҵ󣬸Ͳܶᡣ
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ǸղŻƴ˵ģһȥϲŻᵼµ
ҾһʼĻҺҲû̫⣬ҵľǶأҲϲҵġ
ֻҪӲţֻܳȥΪҲرĴ
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һݶҵԺˣҲоԼʼܵӰˣĸҵĵӿҸоԼҲʼرı
Ϊ϶һֱණסԼͿԸ㶨ˣϾȻҲܶණûа취ҵġ
û뵽飬𵴵黹Ƿˡ
һֱ⣬òһӦ裬ڻƿţƿź󣬿Ұ֣մѪŴ׻ƶǽһѪӡҲ׵ԺˣĿң˵СΣ⵽ô£
ʱණҵֿؼʱҸûпеʱ죬ʱҪ˵ĻɢȥˣҪǲĻ϶ᱻᣬҪҰֻᱻײ
迴粻ıɫҲЩңΪаˣæܹҵ˵СΣСΣôˣֳˣɲܳ°
ʱǹһֱʴҵȺȻһᣬҰá
ȻණҲôöԸģʱˣֱӳ棬ûҷӦЦһ
Զ迴ҵǸ飬ɭݶ޾ĳ
ӣƺҪҸ̻һ
ˣ׵ˣ
ණȥˣЦһֱӳȥٶȣѾȫһˣ
һţһ߻ëȻЦ
ЦҹɫԵޱȵĿֲæ׷ȥܵȥʱ򣬾ֻܿıӰˡ
ЦҲѸھȫˣΧĵȫ˳¥¿ȥǸЦܵһɫޱȵ
СΣô£
ͣԭʱҲ˲ȥشôˣֱѸٵĳ׷ȥҲڣĲ֮ܵǰöŸסͲˣҲ䵽־ˡ
ʹǰţҲſٶȣɻǱңң˦Զλá
ҹܺڣɫƺ棬˸κζ
ţҲоЩԾˡ
ôţصȥˣ


306 
صǱߵأܽȥĻ϶ǲģҿ϶ܽȥæŻƴɿ˵ûʲô취׷ȥ
ƴɳһ£˵û취ȸȥɣණҪ
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һŮ˳ģֲֻֿͷƤоˡ
ϵģ˭ڷص泪ģ
ԣ裡
ܿ죬ҾͷӦ͸Ƶóķ׷˹ȥܿ죬ҲԽԽ
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Ϊ¹ܰһûϳ⵽ǲ衣
Ů˾ڷͷϣ﷢һٴĸǸر֣ž͸һֱ˵ĸо
裡ҿǸͷɢŮˣڽһ䡣
ǸŮתͷ˹ĸȻֹʱ򣬷Ҳƴɢ¶ƺ£ҲҿǸŮˡ
Ů˺һȻϻ٣ҿϵóǣı飬ݿնѪѪ촽ʹ迴Ŀֲ
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ͦصģ̫Ļǻײʱ취һֱӲӲֱǸණڶǽණˣԼԸƴɿ˵
ȣǲǷ̵Ķ𣿡ҿɻ
ҲгȵĺðɡƴûĿ˵һණΪǰԹ̫أԲŻᵼԹʴʶʹԼظֻأʱֻҪӦΪϴԹҸͨظĵ·ǣȥͶ̥ǾͿˡ
Ҫôһ˵
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һǰԼԴڿϵΪʲô飬вҪ׺䰡
֮£д˱ӦҲӦƴɺȻĿ˵
Ӧüͷ޵ԼĵԼʲôʸٴң
֪ΪʲôҵȻ֮ǰƴɺ˵ģһ׵顣
ҹƵʱǺһ뷨ɡ
䣬˭ʸ񽵷ңʹҲУ
죬İǡԪʼ˵õ澭͡زȿͨľȥ³һǰǶҳߺޣණ˵ҿȥͶֻأֻҪӴϳұԽһϴѣظͶ̥ˣΪȻ񣿡
ණңеķߺ޸ǿǻǹ֮ǰҰַЩѪŴףҪɱɡ
Ҽණ̾ϣһֱָһָһֱָָǰණ˵ڤ粻浱Ҳʰк֮£ķϣŻ˰㣡ڤ粻飬ұֱһ׽Ļɢ
ණԥĲ֪˵ЩʲôҰָһѹ¡һ죬ֱӽණ˳ڵϣҲͣĿͷ
ſණıģһŮӣһϺɫĳۣʱϷӵĸо
һ߰˸ĵطȻǶҿͷĳŮӣ̾һ˵Ȼѡұһ컯
Ȼͦ㺦ҰĳŮӣ룬ұ׸ˣҰͳˣʼ𡶵زȿͨľܿ죬Ҿ͸оҵǰһҿͨˣŹǺͨ洵ҵǱһ壬Ҳ
ŮӼҾȻܴ򿪵ظͨ󣬿ͷྵĸڿˡ
ҧҧʼԪʼ˵õ澭ҾĵǳŮϵԹҲԽԽ
ҿųŮϵԹģʼԽԽҲһ
ǳŮԹȫɢתĿһۣлֻ֮СŮΪţԱ
䣬ͨС
ͨкҸоһң˵⣡
ҰãʱֹͣþĳȳŮľٶһͣˣͱֻУҲᱻӲ


307 
֣Ҫ˸ֵĻŮҪҷһҪףͬʱ׺ǸˣһҪ
Ҳ˵ôѡҶѲҪĽ֪Ҳ϶ˣҾǱˡ
ҵˣҰնȻٰҸֻҪѡ񳬶ȣǾͲܶˣҲ˵ʱңʹ׵ĸҲûʲô
֪һҲЩ
ڤڤ£ĬĬΪŽ񳣴棬ܳ־Ƚ򣬵ʷҩ˽ʳǲʬհʶ̣֤Ԫ
һųȾģһ߷ԼʻƴԼӦô졣
ȷʵЩѰ찡ƴһ˵ҿԸоõԷʵӦǱҪһģ۷ɣͲһնʬˣڵ㣬û취ְ
ⳬȻҪãüͷѯʵ
ƴһ񣬿˵ӦûҪӰɡ
ڻƴ˵ʱҲĽŲ
ˣҺ棡
һǣͨظ·һﱣǸŮȻתͷȥͿŵ۵Цſҡ
һ֮ǰƵС䵱ɽƽ̵ĶӣάգһǴŵ۵ˣϢӦҲǶġ
άտҺҲɵЦȻͬʦһСӵĸĸͲʲôˣǸðƻ
άյҲоЩǧ㣬뵽Ƕζֽţȴô뵽龹Ȼǣ䵱ɽ֮ǰн
Ǹάճ֮ΪʦάյĻҲЦһ˰ˣһɢޣΪԼжͣ˵ϴʦֶСӵˣ
ţʦ岢ûжֻ֣ǱСӸˣ֪СӲ˵ĻҹСӵûл߳Уͷ⻹һٻ¼ӡάЦſ˵
ʱҲЩûˣƣҪ군ˡ
ߺߣҲǻʦֵСҵĻҵǾͶˣôһСɫﻹҪȫɵҵ˵ԼѾҵС·ʱɵ˾Ȼ˵Һڻȡ裬ӦðúøȺ۵ļһ￴˭ڻȡ衣Ǹάճ֮Ϊʦ˿˵
ʦӢʦСӵĵϸǼլСӸȻʩ߳ѿĵزҲô׾ܸ㶨άЦ
ЩҲȫҸˣԭˣԭˣԭҰ֮Ի£Ϊǰ
Ǽֱʱ˺ͣΪֻǰȷݺ󣬾ˣȴû뵽ᷢڵЩ飬СӾĸУȻֱ׷ˣҾȻҪõ̳ȵİ취ɵظȥںˣ˶סˣǲҪˣ׾ٵĸ㶨СˡάյʦЦһ˵
һһҲʼĸоǳˣû뵽Ȼ飬Ȼ⡣
ҾȻ֮С
ҵܹĻͲˡ
ʦ壬ӦôСӴȣҪȣҪ˹ŽţãܣάյǳޣǹӵĳʹȻ֮ǰȵľٶֱڻǹš
ȷʵɱСӣҲ̫ڱˣ룬ҪôĥСӣάյʦЦ
ʱڳŵظɹȥŮҲһ㣬ѾϴȥЩԻȻڵ飬ΪԵʣŻġ
ҲѾˣҴޱߵԹѹƬ̵ѣѾˣͨظ·ľɡŮתͷ̾һ͸ͨҵ
ԭŮġ
ֻͦģô˵ҡҡͷ˹ȥȲ˵ͨظʧܣ׽٣ֻһԼģҲܲˣһˣֻ֮ǰΪԹԲһЩɵ£ҶҲ֮ǰȰ͵Ǳȥ㻹Ͷ̥ˡ
ĲһʶˣҲû飬ĶһǾԼĴҪԼֲĿңԭΪһˣŻǿԹҲԼ̫仹жȺˣıһ֮ˣͶ̥Ͷ̥ҲҪıͺ˶˫ףֺ˶ʲôȥǵظת
ѾʶҪʲôˣͫһģ˻𣬡ɵ£һ͵˰ģ
ģɵɽΪһ㣬ҵֽġЦЦЩõӽɢ
ΪԵʣĲͶ̥ǱǶҵϡ
ѡ˶ϣҵϲģˣĻԸΪţ
һºĵҲڻΡ

ҴĿǰһĻȫǿհף
ԭҲȻֹ
Ϊʧȥ˰߰ĸҵͳͳһֽŭûȡ
תͷȥһ͵άնˣĿ˵ǣҰ費£ǣĲɢ
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308 ط棿
죬ǸŮôܻΪԼɢάһ£ŵĿ˵
ȴĶάգһԵĻôҿԺܱǸĸ㣬Ⲣ
˵ֱ꣬Ѫһĳάȥ
άռɷ¶Ҳеˣֱߵʦ󣬿˵Ʒʦ壬ң
ƣƷЩ𾪵Ŀң˵Ѿն˶ˣ
ƲƲ죬û˵ÿҳһѹͻǿһЩǼϵѹֱԳɼϿš
ȻѾն˶ˡƷһ˵ҲĶ֡
䣬ƷֱҧͷԶɱȥάռղŻŰĻƷʱȻѡˣЩŵ˿̱øӵĻ
ʦ壬ȥģάվҹǻȴûеõκεĻӦ
ڿƷɾȻѡܺĿ˻ƷȥķΪƷٶȱȽϿ죬ѡ׷ĻҲҪһʱ׷ϣΪóȼԼˣٶȿ쵽Щ޷š
ȥ׷ĻӦҪʮңʮ㹻άܵκĺˡҪǲȥ׷ƷɣѡɱάյĻƷɿ϶ҲҪܵˡ
Ʋɼá
ԥʱ򣬻ƴɿ˵ѾǸƷɵӡˣܲģֻҪͷշһӡǣͿɵҵ
ƴôһ˵ЦȻˣǾɱǰĽɫɡ
û¶¶ˣоͲᷢôˡ
ʱҾͲ㱻Ƶ˸ɱˡ
ڣǸлƷɵ˺ҵĸĸ
ֱĻɢ
ĳҶȥĻλ
ֱɨάһۣЦſ˵ĺˣɱһɱ˻ƷɵģڻȪ·и顣
Ҫάһ־Ŀңֱͫӱ㲻ɱң㲻ɱңҰ䵱ɽƽ̣ɱң䵱ɽΪеģ᲻𣡡
ŶҲûмȥɱάգԼüͷ˵˼ǣɱ㣬䵱ɽԣҾͲɱˣ
άûеĳ˼ӣ˵û㲻ɱң㲻ɱҡ
ǣһ⡣۾ߵάյǰ˵ϣܻشҡ
ʲô⣬ֻҪ㲻ɱңʲôⶼش㡣ʱάѾȫҸƵˣĵ濪ʼһεεĻɫҺ塣
һ䵱ɽţȻֱӱҵŵˡ
ҲǸЦ
죬˵֪䵱ɽ𣿡
ۣڣάһϻ̳ϿֵĿ˵˵˵һ˵ˣҾͻᱻɱġ
ҿάգԭֻ̽һʵģû뵽Ȼ֪ЩʲôЦһ˵Ȼˣھȥɡ
һ䣬άֱ̧ͷңҪǺ˵ڵ飬䵱ɽ˰ұɱҰɡ
ʱȻѾӲάգҲЦһ˵Ȼˣȥɣ
䣬ֱάգԼ۶׼άգһ׼ҾͿάյһ˾ͺһһ
ģάգҲЦЦĿԣ֮ǰеʱҾͷˣʵԻĵõģֻǶЩʵǿˣûСһ㣬ֻöԷһ㶣άԶҵˣ۵þͿֳˡ
ҿʱѾȫҿסάգЦſ˵һ
άֱſڵϣ³ԼͷͣĹ
ĺһƵάգЦһ˵
άղͣĹȻ󷭹һȦſţ̧ͷĿңƺѰʲôһ
Ȼʱǰάտ޺һЦһ֡
άһֳŵأһַ̧ϡ
ʱѾȷˣάһܣ죬ڿԸңǼڵ˰ɡ
άյɫһ˿ᣬȻΪĵĿ־壬ʱȻʼŸյӣһӴȵʱάվͿ˵ۣҲǣ䵱ɽڣʵţڵۣǽа棬ðֻ켣˼䡣
Ȼ֪Ϣֻǵ˵ͷͼ˵ļƻʲô֪ôıʲô
Ҫŵꡣάտ˵˵䣬ֻŵһ˲䵱Ķ֣Ȼ⻰Ұֺȶˣ˵ģҲȷ١
ŵꣿ
üͷô𰸣Щ}ĻŰ
ŵֻ꣬ŵͷתҪŵĻǲҵҶҪĥ
ҿάգ˵ȷ𣿡
ȷҰֵô˵ģ˵ǼǺһط˺ģҲˣҼǸط棬żۡάտ˵
ۣȻǲط棬ôǣ˲طˣط棬ְʲôĽɫأ
˼ʱάյɫʼҵı仯ţѾĿе֪ҪϢˣҲ˵Ѿûüֵˡ
ҿɻǺһһάգֱ䣬һͷն˸ʬϺֱӳŸղŻƷȥķ˹ȥ
ڣֵˣ


309 ӰۻƷ
ô׷ٻƷɣüͷ˵
Σɱеذƴɿ˵ôȥħܿͻĸѹģ
Цһ㣬ĸĸΪ˶ʧһӦÿͶ̥ת꣬Ϊ˶ɢô
֪ˡƴ̾һ˵ҰѸӦǵķˡ
Ҹһ£ȷԴԼԺȡƷɵλã죬Ѿ˵裬ȿ첽ĳҼҳȥҼҺҰ
ſڲһԻŰԺеıǣѸٵĳŻƷ׷˹ȥ
ʱƴɿ˵Ҫô
ɱ˻ƷɺҾҰ軻һطסȻ䵱ɽҪɱңҰͷҸĸˣҲ֪ŭʲô³Ȼڵʵֱɱ䵱ɽȴܹǵûӳ档ǳЦһȻ˵һޱȿֲĻ
ɱӰǣøɱˣҲ֪ɱ㾿Ǻûǻƴ̾һ˵
źòЩӦеĴȱŸʺϳΪǿߡҳ˵ⲻҲһֱ˵𣿡
ƴû˵ˣֱӳԺǵλ׷˹ȥ
һҪ
Ʒɲкȥˣ
һ棬ƷѸٵ뿪սֺҲоԼޱȵĿû뵽ԼҪԵľȻôֲһڡ
Ȼû뵽ǣǸŮȻΪǸεСӸԸɢѵ֪ɢζ
ǳҲΰҲΣΪǸŮܹɹľѻΣΪһͷȹȴû뵽䵽档Ʒ̾һ
ֻҰάӸˣ֪ˣҲһƷһڵ䵱ɽŵһ֮ԣöԷ֪ԼάӣˣԼ϶Բ˶ߡ
һ뵽ƷҲЩԥȻԼղȼ;ѪԼٶȣԼɻûκεĸı䡣
ô죬ô죿ǿԼѾʧȥƣͣŵӿһѪŸоһ㡣
ܿ죬Ʒɾһ취ˮ
ûˮά˭ɱãΰײֻҪԼ˦Σ鲻ͱúð
һ뵽ƷɱͻŵҲһóֻͨɵĵ绰绰ܿͱͨˣƷɿ˵ϣεʧˡ
ʧˣʲô񣿡绰ͷ䵱ɽһ£ѯʵ
ģǰЩӣҵ֮ǰ˻ʦֺάӵǸ˺ҾͿʼ飬Ҳˣ˸Ͳʲôһ׵ˣɢûдȴûôֻжʮ꣬л˫סƷһ˵
ͿͿʱҲʶʲôˣ˵Ȼأʲô
ƷһԼӦ˵ģ˵ˡ
˼ǣǸε˵ĸĸɵ㲻֪𣿲ǵ˽ãôĻҵϵģҵϲƷɵͷϣ䵱ɽ֮ˣ⼸죬ΪɽǱ߳⣬䵱ɽѾЩˣڱôһ䵱ɽǧȫۻˡЩܻĿ˵ΪһصĴʱȻ˴ֿڡ
ƷϵĻҲһ£˵һƷɣл
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Ʒ棬Ŀ˵ҵĲãѾˡ
ˣʲôˣһ£ѯʵ
û뵽Ǹն˶ĴڣΪģԾʹάһȥѰˣƷ˵˵ţȫˡ
ʱϾڻƷɵǰ϶˵Ƿǳš
ڲڣҲ˻Ʒеı˸УԴһƬããģ˺þòſ˵˼ǣάӣˣ
Ҹûܱάӣʬ嶼ûΪ˱ţҹӲдܳԼҪƷЩҵĿ˵
Σڵ绰ͷһɱ䵱ɽӣ˳䵱ɽƲ
˵꣬ϾͿ˵Ҳ㣬ɣСͬ˵ģն˶ģѾλˣڣϽܣܵǶ˶࣬Ҷֵģ˷ɻŹǻÿġ
䣬ֱӹҵ˵绰ȻЩ
ϵĻ˵꣬ƷɾˣʲôԼλñˣ
һ뵽ƷҲˣԼﵢʱ̫ˣٲߵĻǸ׷ԼҪˣ
æʰһ£Լȥ
մţˣΪ⾹Ȼվһ·һͷ׷꣬ЩЦЦĿ˵㿴ȥôʵʵģƭҵʱڳˣҶҪˡ
ƷɿǸ׷һ£Ŀǰİ׷꣬˵Σ
û˵ֱ꣬ȥץסĺĴ˳
ҸĸҪô׵ߣ


310 
Ʒɿҳ˵ɫòˣĶңͣţȴǱסӣҵֱ͵طֱӰѻƷɴӵϸһֱץסҵֱۣ˫ڵϲͣţҡţɫҲͨ졣
ҾôְѻƷɸţĿ˵㲻Ǻˬˬˬ
ʱƷѾɫϺϺģǺ⣬ҼŻƷɵĲӣôţ˵㲻˵һж֮Ҳ֮𣿡
Ʒ۾ңʱѾҸЩˣҲԽԽСɻǿĲӣĿ
еҲʼ˾п־壬ҪϢʱֱӰڵϣڵϲͣŵĻƷɣ˵ҲҸĸͬʱû뵽Լ
䵱ɽӦã㲻ɱң䵱ɽѾˣѾɱάˣ֪ɱҵĻ군ˣƷЦһԷĻҿһΣ
㻹ǸԲеʦֶءҿŻƷвңЦ˵ҶѾɱ䵱ɽƽ̵ĶˣںԼһ𣿡
Ӧã㲻ǵ䵱ɽĻǻôĻҾͲôɵĸĸҲΪһƷɹЦҸղŵȷ˵ˣǲܱ֤㲻һҿԱ֤䵱ɽֻ֪㸸ĸ˭ֻҪ㲻ɱҵĻҾͲ䵱ɽǨŭĸĸ
ҿǰĻƷɣ˵ڵ˼˵ҪԹԵ־ܣɱң
ҲǲԡƷɵĿ˵
ǰĻƷɣǱЦˣ˿϶㣬Ǳ˸ģ԰ɡ
Ʒһ£ʶĿѯʵô֪
죬еһ̣Ҳ˵Ĵˣǰ䵱ɽֻһ֪ҸĸɱˣĴȱȥŹҸĸֱɱ㣬䵱ɽû֪Ҹĸ𣿡
Ʒɵˣû뵽ԼһӣԼȥˣɵĿңȻŷӦƴĿе㲻ɱң㲻ɱң䵱ɽĳϣ㲻ɱңҲ
ң˭Ϣġ۾ǰĻƷɣѯʵ
ƷһȻ̾һˣԼʰɡ
䣬ֱӼۣͻƷɶӵһ˲䣬ƷɵֱӾͱãˣҿŻƷɣ˵ң˭
Ҳ֪˴绰˵ĸĸģֻǱһԵ̬ȹû뵽ǡƷһãĿ˵
Цһ˭绰ģӦɡ
Գ̣ﻹһǰʱƬƬάӿȷˣҲŶֵġƷɺĿ˵
̣
һ£û뵽龹ȻҴ̳ϹϵˣҺȻ֮ǰ˵ģǸլ飬ƺҲҴ̸ġ
Ҳ˵棬Ҵ̾ȻҲͽˣ
ҵ˰Ȼôңһ뵽ҲЩŭҿǰѾȫΪܵĻƷɣֱӰνľѪԡҵԡˮأȻʬһʬֱ뿪ط
̣̣ȻҴͨ籨ŵģҲ˵ֻҪҵҴ̺ҾͿ԰ǸĻ˵Ҹĸݵ˸ҵˡ
ʵ̫ΣˣȻ͸˿ҵңҺ䵱ɽˣϵһѵֻǽ赶ɱ˰ˡ
ҵҰҰŵʲôطΣա
һ뿪Ҵ̼ұȥ
ʱҴ̼ңҴ̸ڴϣŴϵһǮש˵尡ǲǲ̫á˵÷ЩаˣҪסˡ
ҴЩȵĿŴŵǮ죬˵ʲôõģ㻹ǵüǰɡ
һӾ˵ǼЩ귢ˣܳˣǼҪӣǼҽʮ򶼲˵˵ʲôݣҪʲôãˡҴ̰Ҵ̸һۣûĿ˵
ҲֲǰҴ̸̾һ˵֮ǰǽǮȥ⣬ûлأǲҲӦõİ
ʲôӦòӦã˹ҿҸ㣬ǮǼҲԣʲȥһȿԷƣܱǼҵǰҪɵӲɣҴûĿ˵
ǣҲ̫ðɣӦǵĿ϶Σںˣλˣ϶ҲҪ£һ˵ĹһõӲùİҴ̸˵
˵ǲǿ˰Ǽ˵ҸҲңôҷϣҪ㣬ͷˣõǼҵҴ̿Ҵ̸ݺݵĿ˵
֪ҲǸ˼Ҵ̸̾˿һӲ֪ԼӦ˵ʲôˡ
ҴҲЦһȻ˼ͱϻôǮֱȥСǣǮסǣúù°뱲ӡ
Ҵ̸̾һҲʼĬĬʰǮ
ʱңſڴ⿴ǰһĻ֮ǰ˵ĻҲȫҵԺ
һǵãϴߵʱ軹ţǲҪǮҴ̣ϾӲùǼˣҲݶŶӣ֮ǰǷǮҲͲҪˡ
ͻİǣ


311 ޵
ȫû뵽ҰһƬģľȻĽʵ֮ǰһ룬ǻƷƭҵģҴ̺Ҵ̸ĶԻЦ
Ȼͬħ˵һ籾ͲǹƽģԱͷΣʮа˾ŶĹΡ
˶˽ģԼ˽ܻȡ˵˽
Ȼ֪һ㣬һЩԽܣΪҴ̰׽㣬֮ǰ軹ǼһѣǾôң
һƴɼӣҲ̾һҪô
ұ۾˵ãӦô죿
ƴɿ˵ܹоеɱɱǣûǿݰ
ҲҰȻߣȴҲʧ˺ܶҿ˵
ǰԣһӣڵ㣬ȴѾħˣϾҪնʬĵزˣȥն׹޵ħġƴɿ˵Ӧħ֮𣬵ʱħˣɾҪ˵ĹˣȻ֮ˣûһǸɾģٱϻҪ˵Ĺȥġ
˿̣ΪŭϮĵԵʣҼʹǱ۾ҲܹоԼ𽥱ȣ۾ɫеޱ˵ɷħħ˭Ҷң
ħˣƴһ޵ǣ޵
޵ЦЦ˵ʲô޵
նΪ֣һǷӵͺǵز´ԶĲɷȻͿնһ־ʱ˶޵ǾǽԼеĶնȥӴ޶һ֣޵ƴɿ˵
Ŷ˵˵޵ͷӵģüëŻƴɿ˵
ƴ̾һ޵޵ңνնǽԼֲ֮նȥҲ˵ֻҪն˶Ժ¾аģȻãʲôնأ֮ǰԣƫӵ˼棬ȻЩ֮ʣٻǺõģҷԽԽƫ޵ˡ
޵죬ϸ˼һ»ƴɸղ˵ĻЦ˵޵Ļ޵кβأ˵ʵԴɱ֮жƶ֮жѾޱȵģˣҲ֪ʲôƣʲôǶˣֻ֪ʲôԼʲôԼǲǾ޵
ǰɡƴɵһЩꡣ
Ц˵ǼȻˣպ޵ɣɱ˵ģɱ¸֮ˣ
˵ֱ꣬ӽԼƷ˳ܿ죬֮ǰڴϣҴĴ̸ҵƸѹû˯ȥˡ
㰡㣬ǵģ˵˵ţզ˯ȥˡҴ̼Ҵ̸Ȼ˯ȥˣҲ̲סЦһ䣬ȥҴ̸һ¡
ôҴ̸ûзӳӿɰҴ̸Żˣһ˵ԶôˣѰ
Ҵ̻ŵӣֱӴ򿪴˽ȥ˵ĺˣʲôģ಻ʮСʱͻѹҾͲȷˣ
˰ץҴ̸ռ˽Ҳһһ󣬿Һһ𾪵Ŀ˵Σôˣ
ҿẈ̂˵̣ôͲˣѵʲôҲɣ
ҿһ۴ϰڷŵǮЦһ
Ҵ̵ͽ˽æܵǵǮǰ棬Ǯһȫ˰Ҳ˼ֻû뵽㾹ȻӴ
üëζĿǰʱ滹ǮĴ̣˵ҾӦþңҲǴӴĻҿܲôʵĻأ֪ЩҼҷ飬Ĺأ˵ǰѣ̡
˵ֵʱҼȻǰѪԵϵĴ̣źԹ
㶼ѾˣЩ𾪵ĿңЦȻ㶼ѾˣҲͲ˵ʲôˣǼ֮䵽־棬ֻ˵Ӧá
Ҵ̵ĻֱЦˣ죬˵˼ǣ׬ǮֻҪ㣬Ĳã
ѵôǮʮ򶼲ңҴ̺ڽʲôȻһ㡣
úٶ˵ʲôˣֱóۣ󣬿ʵ˵ɣ˭Ϣ㣬ҵġ
Ҵ̺ҵ۶֮һԹԵĿ˵Ҳ֪õ绰ϵģֻҴ绰ȥ͸תʮ
绰ϵˣ绰Ƕ٣ҿҴ̣ѯʵ
Ҵһֱӿ˵ˣֻУŸҴĵ绰
һ˵ȥֻ
áҴ̺ȥֻõֻ󣬰Ѻ뱨ҡ
Ұ˵ĺ벦˹ȥմȥҾˣΪҷ֣Լֻ澹ȻѾ˵ĵ绰ˡ
ֻĻʾ¾֣һӲ֪ԼӦ˵ʲôˡ
ֻܿͱˣ绰ͷһƬĬ
Ҳû˵˺һſ˵û뵽龹Ȼġ
㶼֪ˡ绰ͷ¾ЩϷʡ
죬ɡ
ҵš¾ֱӹҵ˵绰
ҵ绰ҿһãĴֱֿ̣ʱѾʮˣЦһţȵʮһ㣬Լ¥ȥɡ


312 
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ֱ˴⣬ȥֱӳҼұȥҳȥ󣬻ƴҲ˵ȷҪôΣںڻüӦ̡֪
ûȻƴ˵꣬ʹ˵Ҳ˭ֻ֪Ұ裬ҰҪˣ
ıɡƴ̾һҲãѾκ֮ˣҲ˵Ȼ޵Ѿܽӽնĳ̶ˣֻҪն˶ʵͻͽʱֱ仯Ǻõġ
ЦʱѾˣ˵ˣңҪôٻҰЩɢĻǣ
ƴɿ˵ð죬ֻҪһŻƷһɰһˣһëʣֵɰдڻƷϣлͿˡЩйĻǶۼڵϣӰ˵ɢʣµֵĻǣð䣬Щ·ŵֵ棬ֵĻҲͿԳ׹λˡ
ҵ˵ͷЩʵֻҪͿԸ㶨ˣڰ벽նʵЩֱɱţ
ҲѴ֮
ƷɰëʵǺð죬ұϾдţ˾Щ鷳ˣصܵĵЩݣõӲ۳һˣȻӳ˵㣬ȴҲǺϸˡ
ѵŪ֮ҲһֱʱѾʮһˣҹƴӦѾ¥˰ɡ
һҰŪҪȥȷһ¡
һصңջƴ˵ģȰдҰֵĻƷŵ˵ڣȻл䣬ʼЩҰɢǡ
ܿ죬Χ궼ʼҾ£⵾˾ͺһǿĴųЩҰĻǹʱҶ佫Ǹɢ˲ʮӰɣҰֵȫλ
ջƴ˵ģҰдҰֵĻֽӵ˵ó۳һΣȻŽҰֵŽȥҰֱŵȻ۾ľګĿҡ
Ѿλˣܣð䡣ƴɿ˵
ҵ˵ͷѸٵŰ䣬ܿ죬ҰֽӲ忪ʼѸٵ˻ȥ˯š
Ұְ˯ݣ̾һѾһˣҿ˵ɣʲô취԰Ұְٸ룿
ֻᣬڵѪȽŨĻǻǿԵģ͵Щٵİ취ҪôҪôܲסԡƴ˵һ룬û˵ˡ
һԣǲˣ԰ɡ
ƴɵ˵ͷ˵ѣҲҪļ˵а취ء
ұ۾û˵챾Ҿ۳Ͷ٣ַô£ҲЩˣȥֱɳϣ˯˹ȥ
ڶʱѾѹˣȻΪ챻һµԵʣȻǵҰַĵˡ
Ҳãʡȥˡ
ȥҰַҰ𴲣һ˵Ұ֣ۿֺˣæο˵Ұûˡ
Ȼ軹ЩŲţҵģҰֵķ˹ȥսȥͿҰִӷˣҰֳͺǼ˹һ۾
Ұʳʶ̣˺һżᶼˣֱ˵Ժ̰Сˡ
ҵ侲ſ˵ʵ裬εҪΪң⣬ˡ
˵Ҳͷָҡ
ҵĻǵûңĵܵߣ˵Сΰ㵽ʲôⰡôôΣգҪǲˣȥС̣С⣬ҺھͿˡ
ҿҰ֣Ȼû˵Ҳܴп˼һģҪա
֪ΪʲôҲЩжЩһֱŵҲʼڻЦЦ֣裬ҲҪˣԼԱҪ˳˳ĻһԲܶ˵ģΪİֻܼȥˡ
Ҳ֪㵽ʲô¾ҪһֱĬԵҰ֣Ȼ˵һ䡣
ЦЦû˵˵ɣ裬ҸطסطѾȫˣ
ˣǷᣬŲұЩƵĿ˵
ҰæסСĲ֪˵ЩʲôڨڨŶһ䣬û˵ˡ
ҴҰȥس棬Ϊͷʽޣֱӣ˼н飬ֱһΪķӡ
һжúǧ뿪˼ң뿪ϵЦҲסˡ
ȭͷû뵽ĻĺּȻ㣬ȻҰͷˣҲͲҪҲˡ
ƴɿ˵ڵ㣬Ķ֣Ҳն۷ģϴοʱѾնһˣôùȥˣ˵Ѿնˡ
ƴ˵꣬Ҳһӱʮ겻һסġ
ڻƴɸ˵ʲôʱҶĵ绰ˣֻ£ֻǴģֱӽ˵绰˵Сӻ֪Ҵ绰֮ǰ绰ʱǶػİ
󿪿˵ǰȫһˣڵġ
һ£ܸоЩ̫Ծһǿ˵׳ǡ
ãȥ㡣˵ֱӹҵ˵绰Ͳֻйҵ绰


313 ˹
ҵ绰Ҳû뵽ԼȻʱӵĵ绰ϾԴ޲󱻰֮󣬾Ҳûкϵÿδ绰ʱҲʾĹػ
Խӵĵ绰ҲܾȣҲ֪绰ҵԼ˼ǰ˼
ں䵱ɽվڶ棬䵱ɽڣ󱻰ߣӦҲ䵱ɽĵӣҲ˵䵱ɽ˼
ֲ̫ŴңΪѡ˭ҲĻǣģԸŵľǴ󣬸磬Сƴĸ˻Ҳ
㣿ƴɿ˵
䣬ûһش𣬾͸оԼȵĿ£ƺʲôڰҵҸֿ͸оԼʶһƬڰӦʱѾһˡ
ҵϴŵ·Ҳԭеķ񣬶ǻ֮ǰʱ򴩵Ǽۣ·ϵֻѪͺһֻʵ۾һ㡣
תͷȥһҶλϣѾˣˣҲҵ˵ͷƫתȥžඦҲѾˡ
߸Ѿ˰Цһתͷң˵Ѫۣϣ㲻һǿиɵ˰ɡ
䣬ӳһʹŽһķƱ㳯ѹ˹
ʱѾ֮ǰǸֻնƾѾܲ˵ˣȻϵɻǺܣһǲɫİƸЦſ˵ǲǿиɣ㵽ʱԲ֪ˡ
֪Ϊǿˣƴ˵Ѿնˣôпܻﳤʱ򲻵ֿ˾ͻΪǸǿиɵˣʱʼսһεľ档
ϣ㲻ĵһˡЦһ۾ǹɷϢ˲ʧӰ١
ʱžҲЦѪۣҪҾ̲ˣʱĿʼսҿ϶һҳȥ
ЦЦûžƣҲ۾ȻҲ֪ڶ׶εʽľݣһȷϣڵң˸˶Ҫǿ
ûпʱ˷ҵĵϸԼ͸Լı죬ϴħǹɴݿһѾȫסˣѾҪʲôˡ
һλҲѾѡˣඦ˵ҪҪѹһˣҪ̫ڿˡԿඦЦһ䡣
һֱ첻ඦһۣ˵νֻҪ˲ҪûնͿԡ
ʲô˼ӸղſʼһֱĬĸ̲סˣһαֱվ
Լ˵ʲô˼ඦ̧̧۾Цſ˵һ䡣
Ҳףϣ˵һ㰡ඦ䣬ֱվϱһޱǿĺȻ֮ɺȻ֮ҲɵЩ𾪵Ŀ˸
ȻǺ˿̴Ӹϱնڵģ֮ǰǶģΪʱʵĽչѾǿֲˣ͸һȣƺ˲ٰ
Ҫ֪֮ǰԼİȡ˶۷ʵʱĸҲֻ𻨶ѡ
ҲŰ벽նѾնˮ׼ˡ
һֱоŵңЩܸУ룬Ҳֻôһʱ䣬ն˶ΪҵĵնԵرѡ
ȸһ㣬ƺҲпԭġ
ԼҰοһЩڴ˵˭ˡ
оϢȻඦɫԿ϶ɫԲ̫á
ඦЦһ˵սʼǰն˶Ϊܺ࿹ĻǾʹشˣͬնĴڣ߷ʱڵնɱЩնˣͬɱһ׾١
㵽ʱ԰ɡЦһ˻ȥ۾ȫϢ
ʱ򣬷һ˫ְϣ˶ǵ߸ˣЦЦûŰķųȥѹˡ
Ҳû˼ղСһºûκζˣɻֹŲӡ
Щѹſӿȥ˲䣬ʹңɵøоЩϢЩѹɶǳģϴαħŪ˸ֲ֮󣬳Ҳ׼˵һسˡ
ƿˣ߽һ̽ɴ۵ˣ˳ֺҾ͸оһɺϤϢȻҿҿȷһǣ˾ʶˣ
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˵ѩɫģλãųһҫ۵Ľ⣬һ˫˸оĽɫǿţ͸оѹܴ
ǵϢƺûжʲôӰ죬ߵһŽָλϣҡڵ˰֣򳤽ǣЦſ˵ǲǺϲҰе˰ɡ
ֻǻӭʽˣкһսʸ񡣡ඦԼϵƣЦſ˵
ඦһԼƺ󣬳ԣžҲȫԼϵơ
ָָαôţ˵ʸ񣿡
䣬Ϸ֮⣬վеĽһ˲òޱȣһĳųλ˹ȥܿߵǰ棬ɢһȫĿֲϢ
ʲôʸ̽ң
㣬ָ̫ඦŽָ˵
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314 ˵
ڽָͻȻҵû̫ڵ⣬ϾǽָɢķϢȻǿ󣬵ȴûгҺ͸ϮǹǿƵǰʱͱϸ΢紺档
ڳϣȴֱһпᡣ
㣡һӣֱӱĳƬվŽָ˵ʲô˼
ʲô˼ָʼ磬νĿ˵һʲô˼Ƕ˼˼ô˼˼˼أ԰ɡ
ŽָƿһĻҵҲЩЦЦû˵
Ҫսվ˵
ָȴЩνİ˰֣˵սҶǷһƣǺսˣ
䣬ָϱĿһۣ˵ǵ˼˵ѹңңģҷǸѹôǲģǣںս
˵һ룬ָ˶٣ÿ˵һϵƾҪǿʢһ֡
ǵ˼ǣֻ׼Ǵѹˣȴ׼˴ѹǣ죬ʲôʸôǾǱҸǿǾãǵƨҪһ㣿˵ʱ򣬽ָϵƱøӵǿʢ
˵ƨҪһʱҲЦ˵ҾðɣǵƨɣȷʵҪһ㡣
Ѫۣʲô˼תң˵
ҾǱ˼㲻ͬҵĹ۵㣬ѿ֤ԼƨǺһװҿŴ֮ǰʼһֱ߸ϣһĳ˵
˵仰󣬲ǳǣ̲סĿһۣȻǶڲΪʲôȥֱָЩ
ڲĿһۺҲڣСӡ
µңɫҲʮֵĿɬǺ͵Ͼ̫ǳ޿һȥͻ⵽ǳ֣˵ѾնĴˡ
ȴòôΪϳָҸоϤ˵˭ˡ
û˾Ǵ
֮ǰҴ绰Ĵ
˵Ǳ˵ĻȫѡԹۣŵ˾ȻǴôԹۣ
ָһۣתͷȥų˵Ҫһ¿֤һ£Լƨɵװײף
ָ˵仰ʱѾȷ˽ָǴСˣ˴󣬻˭ô֮ϳҪҲϰߣװƵʱϰ߰Լַ󣬽ŲͣɪĶ
һ˵Ϲ򲻴ǲ֪û湦ˡ
ûУҲ㳤˵㡣ʾĿ˵
ʱ򣬿ǵɣبŵû˵ʲôֱ֣˵ͬ⣬岽Ҳ˽⣬˵ҾΪ˲μģ㲻Ҫѯʲôֱ˵ڶʽݰɡ
بŵȻҲװƵĻŪЩԺܿ죬Ϳ˵ȻѾҲض˵ʲôˣѾ߸ˣҲ˵ڶ׶εʽڰºڰ֮ǰķסˣ֮ڵ
ʱҲ˵֪˼һҪʣʲôطҾʱˣڶ׶εֻ߸ֻ߸ĻǻҪʲôã
Ҹ˵⣬ȻʳˣҲ͵ʱشˡɣ˶٣˵ȣȥˣԲֹ߸ʱȥ٣ҾͲܱ֤ˣֻ˵㹻ĻȥԼһ
Ȼǣ˶ˣȻҲҲ˵λãÿСʱǵپͻڱ˵Ժ汩¶ӣûӣ֮κ˶ܹоλãͬʱҲܸо˵λãӡ
Ҫһ㣬ҲбҪ˵һ¡ΪҪʱǲɣȻ͵ؿ˵һ䡣
˶Щ
ܿ죬ǲɣ˵ɱһˣܹõԷҲ˵Խɱ˵ˣõĺôԽ࣬ԶȵǸ˴սûõģԼɱˣҪġ
ԣɱ¾ɣʧܵķֻһ֣߽ԼԷɶԷ׸ǲϵʧˣȻҪ˵ĻѾˡ
ඦһĿԶˣҾһˣɱ˵ģһҡ
žҲζĿһۣЩĵĿ˵ѪС˼ڴԵĻҾǿǷһ¶ˮԵŶ
ǸҪӡһ̧Ŀһۣúų˵ҵ㡣
õģȰԵӰʧ󣬳ǣ˵ҺǾɱҰɣҴһʼ󣬶ߣб¾ɱҡ
ʱɱҴĽүүһΨ²ҵĴʱҲ˵һ䣬
ȴѾɢˣЦЦתͷһۣһ绰ƣû뵽㻹ϳˣһһϲΪͨһ׶ʽʱ򣬻صҪȥһء
ЦЦ˵ǰһһֱδ䡣
ЦǣԺ
䣬ӰҲʼɢ˹ȥ
˶ʧ󣬸Ŷҵϥ¹򣬡Ӹʦү
ҿŸȻ˵Ҫɱɽ֮ˣΡ
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ǣӰɢˡ
Ҹմߵʱ򣬺ȻоһޱϤϢ˹Ϣű壬񣬻кڰһо˾ЩУҸתȥҲطͳˡ
üͷȻҡҡԴɬЦЦϢôܻϤء
Ҹо𾪵ǣȻǴ󣬶ҴӴпԿóƺʶҵģûкͱ˵ҾѪ۵飬ΪʲôϳѪڳΪ󣬻Ȳμӻ飬ȴ绰ң
ϸ룬ǰģȻ֪Ϊʲôߴ󣬲԰˵ӦûǺõģҪôãǾͱҪôʵμʽҲʵİ취
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ֻնĸôģҪôſն˵ģҾҪնҲ費
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Ժǵɫһ䣬Ҳûж˵ʲôˡ
ҵɨ˺һۣüͷǸŮ죬˵˰ɣҿ𣿡
Ůƺûп;˵ˣһҲˣЦЦҿ˵ɣⰸȷʵǿԶλΪɱϾǣⰸˣһˣһˣߵŮҲûҪߵ˼ϣԺ뵽ʲôԺϵһ£ҽᣬҵƬ
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ҽӹƬһۣЦЦ˵ᣬǸ֣ƬҾˣʣͬ־ҿ𣿡
ǵɫ˱䣬ҧҧû˵ЦЦǻ˻ֱֺӰѳӿˡ
ȳӿȥϵЦԼڳƬ˳͸ⱻʻ飬ƺʲôЩץס
İѳͣ۾ϸ˼ʲôأ
ָڷôţΪյԵʣڳңͷҲʼðˮ


316 
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ҲΪ˳ǸŻ̬ôã˽˺붼ˡ
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۾ˣЦƶЦ潣ѾһЩ˿ˣȴΪҵֱӸˡ
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ԣģҸղģⶫ
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ƺɱһ˶˵ɱһͷһȻ
뵽ʱҲЩˣΪȻھԼʱԼҲеΣȴû
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Ҳ˵ڵңѾûʲôƶĽˣЩ˿Ƕ飬ҿѾǺˣ
׹һҲɵһֱֱţ۾ʼһЩ
ǰң϶
ʱڵǿѪҲʼѸٵתԺǱʲôϴһͨ͸
ʲôҴԼնһ㡣
ƶ֮ĽޣԽԽģ
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ò׳״̬ҪٸСʱҪѶնˡƴ̾һ˵
ȻҲһЩգϸ룬ҲûиоʲôϾⶫҼȻԽһΣȻԽȥڶΡ
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ҿһֻֻʾĴֺҲЦŽ˵绰˵ι
ҵ׳ˣɻѾڽˣСʱҾ͵ˣҡ󿪿˵
ãҡҵ˵ͷֻҵҲѸٵİѳӳŻȥ
֪Ϊʲô֮ǰң״̬ϵĻҿ϶ǲôƵģڣǸоûʲô
ΪҺԼֻҪٴν״̬ʲôʱ򶼿Խģⱻˣֲ˱ˣҵʱûɡ
ܿ죬ҾͰѳӸˣسǾҲǺԶҲͶʮӵ·̣ҵʱ򣬴Ҳմӻ
úǰ̫һˣ˺ܶ࣬ǰֵʱѾֻһʮˣǾ࣬üۼ仹дӣҹƶϲСˡ
˵ҺʹкܳһûмˣҲںֱ֮ҵԸŻᷢҵתҶŴ֣ʾϳŰѳӸˡ
ģʦѳˣΣ֪ʦ˭Һ˵ˣɲҪŵһ˵
ˡ̧̧Ƥ˵
𾪵Ŀңô֪ģ
Ȳ˵ˣô֪Ѫңҿ˵
ʦָҵİɽȺɵƶ㲻Ҿת䵱ɽȥԺ۸ɱɽҪȺɵƸɱ⡣ݺݵĿ˵
ҿһ۴֪ǰ˵ĽڣȻҲΪʲôҪߴ󣬲һȷǾǣһ԰á
üͷ˵ҺͰǶ֡
ȵ˵һ䣬ܿͿ˵û¶͸оЩԾˣĪ뿪߹Źżģڶǣ䵱ɽʦ־ûҺϵˣҲãȥ㵱޼
û뵽㾹Ȼǹ˵˵ôȻôǿˣѾնˣһ߿ųһ߿ɻ
ƲƲ죬˵նëӣǰŸմﵽ۷ľ磬֮ôǿƣΪé֮ȻˣȺɵƻŪֱһ콫콫ɢֱӰǸƨģ
Ҵ㵵ŴͣԭΪѾԽҺüˣû뵽Ҳֻư
콫ʵҲԴﵽ벽նĳ̶ˣȻֻвһӾ군ˣҿ˰󿪿˵㿴ϴΣҲǾͰЩȫŵ𣿡
ҲһѺһǸƵۣȻֺٻˡ
ʱҺȻʲôתͷȥ˵ˣǹʲôð
ʾһθ㿴͵ˣ˵˵ţԼͿʼˣܿ죬ͱһڷֵЦݵĲ԰׹
Ų԰׹ֺҸоƺͺͱһһ
ϵҲʼȻǿ
ֻһ˲䣬ͽ˹Цſ˵ҵé֮Կԭֻߵģڿ콫ּСˣȻǣͬ񣬿ں塣


317 ʮǰ
ںʺҲҲģȻ֪Ķ϶ǲںϵģܷӳһʵǺõˡ
еᷴ߱
ƺϵİéɽŪĺΣտԣҲéɽıˡ
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Ϊԭ򣬿éҲ˵ʽڶ׶εĶǼǿ˵ǿֶΡ
ֳˣʽľٰߣôȾ֪ǵĹֶأ
ٰʽˣ˵Ѿնʬ½ɼĴˣܹ֪Щʲôֻ˵ⶫضģֻҵӦóˣսμʽҲпܡƴҲоеɻ󣬿˵
ҵ˵ͷҲֻôˣתͷȥŴ󣬿˵˵ɣ׳ʲô飬֪ղûд绰ҵĻҿܶѾնˣҪ˵ҿҪŪˡ
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ʻѾˣҸյͿһʶˣڳڴң˺Ҳ㶡
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ʱھͰҸйȥˣ˵Զʶӣһأҽӵ˭ȴû뵽Ȼ㡣Ц
ʧ𣿡գգ۾ЦЦ
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һתͷȥȿ˵ɡ
ȵ˵ͷһ߳ϳٵĳŻɽȥ˵ʵһʼûоʲôţôһ˵ҾͿʼЩ
ֻͣλһԼλãһֱԼǲʮ֮ǰﻪɽ
ȿӣҲЦĺˣǿԵģҹʱ򣬶Ż˲һСʱ
ôһ˵ŵ˵ͷֱ˵ˣ˵Ķ¶ˣʲô¶˰
룬Ҳ̫ƺںͱ˴һġʮǰûĻܻᷢһЩ飡
һ뵽⣬ҶɵԼﰵ𺽿չ˾ˣҰ˵ͿԵˣӲ㵽ŵࡣ
ˣҿ϶Ҫȥչ˾ȥ
ӿſţȺȻ˵ˣΣ˵һתںҲʶǸ
˵Ҿҡ
ɫһ̻𣿡ȺȻӹȥ
ɰҸŪòЦҪЦʱ򣬺ȻһɺȻ֮ǵһæȿ˵


318 ʬ
ʲôһӻûзӦɻһ䡣
ʱѾȫûʱȥôˣֱӴ˵Ļ͸
˵ֱ꣬Ӵ򿪳ȥ˲䣬Ȼٺܿ죬ȥҲֻǹȦ·ûĥơ
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ȿΪıȽԶը˳󣬾Ȼֱȥˡ
ʱˣҲûʲô飬ֻȥˡ
¡ƴЩĿ˵
ҷˡҵ˵ͷڻӦһ䣬˵ΪӦò׵侭ʱٻ׵ҪǿһЩ
ڴôƴɿһ䡣
ôҷһ䣬ȻѾԹȥȣֱ˼䣬ѸٵĳŻɽλ÷ɱȥȻˣҵˣбҸΪȴûֱӹɱңǻǵĽͨߣȻҪʮ֮ǰﻪɽ
˼ǣǳ֣ƴɿ˵
ҵ˵ͷճ˵ӦǲģԸϽܰɣûнͨߣʮ֮ǰﻪɽеˡ˵һñһˡ
ܰɡƴҲ˵ͷڵһˣҪʮ֮ǰɽЩѡ
Ҽٱܵʱ򣬻ɽۣ֮һ뷢԰׵ߺһź۵Ƕ壬߰Լİȥһź󣬿˵̫ðɡ
ֻ˵ʮ֮ǰ㲻֣Ҳ֣Ⲣţ˲ְܶ˿˵
û뵽һ˯ٴʱѾ˷ˣʹЩʶˣúǰ̫һˡ뷢԰׵߿˵
ҴûбЦЦ΢΢һֱΪʤţȴҲ仯ұˣұʱ򣬸ӽӽʤˡ
㲻ҼΪʲô뷢԰׵߿ź꣬ûӣĿǰˡ
ֻǵĲˡ꿪˵
ӦҪ֣ûܵסңʹ㣬Ҳһ뷢԰׵۾ǰĺ꣬˵
㲻ܳȥɽֻҪһɽͻ̧ͷߣһһٿ˵ҾͲһҿʱ뿪ɽлɽӶɽ͵ſԼĵһȥɡ
Ҳѡֱɱ㡣뷢԰׵ӶôţƽȣһҪɱ˵ӡ
ȴû˻ỳ˵Ļ
ֻҵһֻɱҵķԪ˰ˣɻûб䣬ңܻἤŭңȻѾϷǾͺúðϷ治Ϳ𣿡Ц
ԵҲŻ֧㣬ˣʹڣҲˣȫ㣬Ȼңȴֻ˷Զעһ뷢԰׵߰һöӷϣ΢΢ˡ
̣˺һŷӦһӣԭֱñĪ˭˭Ӯһء
뷢԰׵߲ԣֻһӡ
Ҳû˵һ
ɽ֮ϣеֻϵžкɽ硣
ĳһ˲䣬뷢԰׵߰еһö£ȻŰӣ˵˵ˣˣ˵䣬ֻ䣡
ϧʵ֣˵㡣ȴҲ⣬ֻǿǰߣȻ󿪿˵ѾʮһˣʱѾȥ֮ˣȴһľ룬ܵ
ԣôȷأ˵԰ɡ̧ǰĺ꿪˵е鶼һ
Ҿ͵š۾û˵
ʱҵѾõĲˣԼԸоԼڵ޼ˣʮңҲѾѹˣʵȽϵܸͣҵٶȣһ·϶Ǵڱܵġ
Ҳ¶ôãԼоԼƺ̫ܻᵽˡ
Ҫһܰɣ㡣Ҳһ㣬üͷ˵
ҡҡԴ˵УҪ㣬˭֪Ⱥ׷ɱǵˣʲô
ֻ˶һȿ˵
ǶҸҪ˵ʱһӰǰӰҲһ£ΪϤˡ
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ţʮҺҲͣȻţʮбҺȴƣţʮ϶ûʲôùӳԡ
ţʮң˵ɱҸʬţѪʣһģ
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ҵʱΪѾɱʬڵˣû뵽©֮㣬ãҾɱ㣬øʬڳ׾֣ͣǰţʮ˵
˵꣬תͷȥȿ˵ܰɡס
죬Ҫ˵Щʲôҧҧˡ


319 ҳȫ
ߺ̾һ˵ʵͦϲûã˵ʱ򣬻ҪӲģȵľǺܷҵθڡ
ҲôˣΪˣоԼˡ
οҲ˵ȫûлˡ
ţʮӦҲն˶Ĵڣʵ࣬ҪɱҪЩֶΡƴɿ˵
šҵ˵ͷȻϴܲŪʬڵôɱţʮȻҲӦòڻ£
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뻢ѨɵûӣǶʲôüͷ˵ţʮӦвٺöʱһ²Ϳˣ
Ҳֻˡƴ̾һ
ţʮһֱĬŲ˵ΪˣЦһ˵ôˣ˵治ϴҼʱŸͨ˴죬û뵽ż²Ѿ۳ˣ´μ棬˵ҶĶˣ
Цһ˵˵ĺҵĶһ
ţʮһ˵ЩʵͻͽҲ㲻Ӧе񰡣ڵ㣬ͺһӣһǽϴһ֩ˣ˵ӻ֩룬ɲһĴ𣿡
ǲϣһԲ֪𣿡ҿţʮԼĻͳǾ
⵽ʱţʮüͷһ⣿û뵽СϻֺöⶫõģڵսûκΰˣΪɱ㣬ֻΪͬʦֵܱȴû뵽ãҸо
Ŷ𣿡ҿţʮ͵ֱԼϵľ⣬ھⱻ󱬵˲䣬ֱӽϵȫ̽ԼĶ
ԭѾɱѪֵ˲䣬ʼѸٵıñ
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ָľһϸ룬һܹﵽʲô
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˵ˣ͵ϮСӸͲΪǣòỹҪٻҰɣûõģҵľ⣬ұҪɱйߣȻ˵ɱ㣬ӦҲ˵ʲôģţʮݺݵĶң˵
üͷ˵ˣǲط˰ɣôͶǱйˣҪ֪ǶǱߵ˰
ţʮ˵Ļںһ䣬ļһ֪㲻Ӧ֪飬Ӧˣ
䣬ţʮֱɢֲƳɱţʮϱƺҲЦţʮȷնĴڣҪһ㡣
춼ܹһǴܹóǸʬɽ󷨵죬ûɱʬڵˣţʮʲôҶ
ֱȭͷļıһʼҵȸУʼ
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ܹоԼޱȵǿ
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ΪԼӣû˵ʵҿǰһ𾪵ţʮ˵
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һ˵ţһ߳ţʮ˹ȥ˰ͷϷ˿ԿԵĴ죬ֿ죬˵ʱǰɱǸʬ󼸸ӣȻԾóǸʬڵɽ󣬲ǱҸɱˣǧڵĻѾˣ
ⲻܣһʵˣôһ㣡ţʮһֱӿٳҽӽԲѵļһǾҺúÿʵɡ
ѹָʬڵ죬㣬ô˵۹ȷûðƫƫӣֱӱܿţʮĹȻ۾ţʮ
㲻ҪܣҶԾţʮܻĿ˵
Ӧʦͬţ˵Ļһҳһ䣬Լӡ
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ȻҪҴҾͳȫ㣡


320 
ܣܣҲڽµţʮһĲţȫûа취ȥǰⷢһУҪ֪ڲǰǰˣһԼ׸ĶŹ˶ãԼʹ򲻹ˣ
Ѿնˣ
ȫûκεҪ֪ţʮҲǻ˽ʮն˶ǰˣŹ˶ãѾˮ׼ˣŵҵתҲô찡
ⶼѾǽݾݾˣֱ˲ƶˡ
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ҴһУֱӽҪߵĽ𵤸ץ˹ץϺ󣬽Ҳ⣬ҽ𵤻ھҵĲţͺҪһ
һҵһλɱնĴڣȻţʮеԪ棬ѡȫƽʬս˭ʤ˭һǵҪһ£ӿɱգʬھͲóⲫսֱӱŪҲֲ˱ˡ
Ϊ۵ѪҲҵһο𵤣𵤺ҵһʱ俪ʼϸ۲𵤱ڵѪ˼ֱ壬˼ִڽϿһߣüͷŻƴɿ˵ôһߣ
һ£ն˶ſ۽𵤣ֶ˽𵤵ģǼ궼һնȻҲǿնĿ϶ְ벽նĿ϶ǿ棬ӳն벽նһΪŸ׶Σÿȥһ׶ΣϾͻһߣӦ˵ת𵤰ɣ˼Ҫת󣬲ܴﵽ£ʸһ̽նءƴɿ˵
ƴ˵꣬ҲüͷڵʵǶ٣
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ҵ˵ͷ˵ʵǶ٣ǸƵ˵أ
ӦöǶת𵤰ɡƴɿ˵ʵɢ֮ǰǰ벽նĴڣȻǰնģΪתʵһֱ½ֻ˾ת𵤵ˮ׼
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°ɡЩĵ
Ӧò£ϾطĿ㣬Ǹ޹ؽҪȣȹܺԼɣӸղŵļпԵ֪ǲطס˻ɽңͳһģ㲻ʮ֮ǰɽʱѾЩˣسɴĻǿǿǿʱ䵽֮ǰϵġƴɿ˵
ҵ˵ͷһ飬Ǿȣҿ϶ǵ˵ģȶԲط˵޹ؽҪģҲ˵ط治ֻ֣ҪһܾͿˡ
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ϾʱѾˣҲ֪ȥˣҵһҲòسɴ簡
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ƾʲôڣҪҪղطĹϷȥԶսʤ


321 ǧ׷ϻɽ
˼ǣƴɿ˵
Ƕ˵ⱲӶԶܳԽƾʲôǾҪطǶĹȥж߾ˡЦſ˵
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ƴɿ˵ɱأ
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ɼʹ㲻͵˻ɽ𣿡ƴһοʵ
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ƴɵ˵ͷȷ˵ɽֲܣʲôʱȥȻʲôʱͿȥˣɱģӦþţʮ죬ţʮѾˣ죬ߡ
ƴʲôû˵ֻЦһ
ƴɵЦҲ׹Ϊƴɿ϶ֽţ첻ֻ˵һ֣ԵĿ϶һ衣
߰ɡЦֱӴ󲽳ǰȥ
ѡߵʱǻɽ֮ϣ뷢ȫ׵ҲʼЦѡˣѡĹĹĵıòԲļƻˣȻԿһ㣬⵹˹ˣҶ㱻ɱιȥΪֻҪֹǰ
Ǵź۵һɫҲЩѿ
û뵽£ôĹ򣬾ֻǲսʤģĲһ˿ӦеĿ־УſսУȻȴ䵽³Ӧò̫ðɡ뷢ȫ׵Цʰ֣мԪһӣ˵ΪӣΪӣеԪһ㣬һΣ
ﲻģѡ˯ǧ꣬طľһ𣬵㻹ǲ¶ԼϢ߳ɽӦҲһѡ¶ԼϢʲô³ݲʵ˴У˵ˣۣҪΪ˼⹶ӲдѡֻŴӳʱ𣿡꿴ߣ˵
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תҲˣܲһͰɡ̾һѡʮǰҲôվ㣬˭Ҳı䲻ģһ컯кѣսȥ䷲еλأ
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˵һҲǲѶΪ֮ɽǧѾǼɵһţ»ɽѲʲôĴʥˣ಻ҲҪȥˣһɽ֮ǰΪһ£һѡ
˼ǣǼˣһɽĴԵɽüͷһѯʵ
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322 ɽԪƽ
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֪Ҳʮ֮ǰﻪɽ֮Ҳ¶˾ȵı飬óţʮĽ𵤺ѡͬҵĹ۵㡣
ڶԣҪһߵĻǵ˻ɽġ
ʵʵֱӳŻɽ絽ǵ
˵Ҳ֣ҾԼôǰɽ֮һ·ͨ裬һֱʮ㣬Ҳûзʲô顣
ʱƴҲ˵ˣǲط棬ҪģҪĽ൱Уڱľ֣ͷˣһþְֻҪҪʮ֮ǰϵɽǵˣûеľˡ
Ŷƴôһ˵ҲͨˣȻˣЦҲһл壬ǾţʮɧңţʮûĻҲ
⵹ǱҪߵһƴɶ˶٣˵һţʮĳ֣֪ˣڶţʮһ£Ҳͻʱ䲻ļȸУʵϣȷּȸ֮УָоԽǿңԲطֲսʤҲԽǿңȷӦţʮΪɱ˸ʬţţʮҪɱ㣬ţʮֻըĳˣƻˣһеһУţʮϡ
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ҳȵķһ۹ȥÿһɫ۵ӣӵӲɽվžͺһһ㣬ֻǶӣҾͿԴϸо˼ǿƣ岻ɵñˣҲѸٱûȡ
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ȿ˵ģһҾƶԪƽѣ
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һȵСʦ壬СʦʲôѾû֪ˣ˶ֻ֪ʦ壬˵Ԫƽİܡ
ʦ˵Ҳ֣һ޽ƾ⣬޵УȫѾ벽նĽɢڶֻǶʦ壬ֻǶԽҲʦһ롣
ʦڻɽи֣Ǿǽգ˶ʦĽ˼޵УֻΪϣֻҪΪˣʵ֮ͬ޵ҲΪ
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ֻ΢΢һԪƽ˵Σһͬ졣
ѵˣƶǻ̿֡ԪƽЦЦڻɽ֮ΪһǾƣ֪ѿȤһ𣿡
ʢȴĳҵлˣҶԪƽһҾ˵
秵ģͷӡһŵӣ˵
ЦֱӸԪƽǻɽ֮۸ȥ
˵ʵ⻪ɽ֮ۻǺܸȤģϾС˵棬Щִսɶڻɽ֮Ūģʲôаϵ۱ؤ֮ͨģҶˡ
ǲ֪Ļɽۣ֮ǻɽƶʲô
ﻹЩ֣ΪʲôأҪ֪ƴ˵ģ½ɼĴڣûеôð
ɻҸԪƽŻɽ֮۸ȥ
һʼһԸԪƽٶȣܿ죬ٶԽԽ죬ߵ·ҲԽԽߣʹسɴ磬ҲԪƽˡ
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֮ǰûץסնУȻһӿ


327 ǰ
ɽۣ֮濴ǰڵϵˣ΢΢۾Ѿ״̬ˣ˵ת˵򣬱˶򣬶һǰĶ߲εնʬǰǰҲ֪εһ
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ëһïܵĽë̫Ͼߵĵͯһ㡣
ҽ㣬ҽֺʲôСҿˣҲʵ

԰ҽʲô
üͷһӾȻ벻ҽʲôˡ
ԼΪʲô˶벻ˡ
ܿ죬ҵ˭ˣЦЦ˵ƶŵ꣬ڱɽеһʿֿܵ㣬𡣡
лӿޡֺҿˣҲЦЦƫͷȥ֪ʲô
ʱҲչ߶߶Ķҿ˵磬ܹ֮ѹɶΪҽԼҹչ㰡ɵҪúллҽ㣬ǲ֪ǰǼʱʲôӡ
£һ£ѾԹȥˣ
ˣҲЩ˼ЦЦΪȫһãҶҪƳɹˡ
ȴΪһɽ¯ŵҩһȫˡ
͵ˣǱȣҪ֤ˡ
ҿɲһûдҵĵҲҪ;ȥ
һԼԼΪǵ¯ըѾ𻵵Ĳˣľ©˶һ㣬ôҪת͵ġ
һºͷˣⲻҿ΢΢ֺ𿪿˵лС֮ƶ
֮ͣҳݡû˵ֺֹҼҪ˵ȥ
һ˵ˣǴҪȥĶ
ɽǶһѣרҩҪȥǶһҩֺЦſ˵
ұƼˮ꣬Ϊ˺ƶ
磬Һ˵ҽϲˣԴʮǰʱǴ۵Ҫ˵ЩʲôͱֺһѾס˶䣬۵ֱС
Ҳɵüͷʮǰ
ҺֺĹʮǰʶ
ûȥ˼ʲôֺͿ˵Сϲ˵ȴǲҪϡ
ͯ޼Ҳ֪ġЩεЦЦ۾ʼָ
ļ죬ҵɻǲֺܶҲ˵ģҹչңҲЩм
ôչҵĻҿĻ
˵ģֺϲңܣһ˶ôܿȷأ
һ뵽֪ΪΣȴЩ
һ·ϣҲʼǵĿУҲ֪ǰͿˣǸط죬֮ǰҲǶ٣ԶǸطҲϤ
Ҳݵ顣
̫ûнӴˣһȴҲЩˣ֪ȻҲǵͬţҲͽԼһЩδƵĵ˼˵δ뵽ȻСȴҲ١
һ·ҽĵȻܹҳֻ֮ǽӴ죬Ҹо겻ĵģȻԲࡣ


328 
һֱ˵ھ죬ںּ۵УҷԼǱǴڻĵѾԲˡ
ֻҵĵҲĳˡ
ڵʮ賿۾Լڲͣ޸ŵľ̾һȻҵѾױˣ٣ҿԺͨһˡ
Ϊָ˵ԵʣһҲûмŻɽǰˣЩĽҲҺܳĪ֮
ҲҲоЩ֮ǰõʱûڱһˣƫƫ˵
Լĵˣ֪֮кδ㣿ֺ۾ˣҲѯʵ
̾һ˵Ҳǳ׵Ļˣϳ֮⣬ûκεҩԻָҵӴ֮Ҳֻһ΢ĵͨˣʵˡ
ĪҪģ˶ʤ첻𣿡ֺҿ˵Ȼϴô֣Ҫʲôأ
Ҳ֪˵˵ɡҰ˰֣֪Ӧ˵ʲô
ҽܶҲǡ޴ȥ͸湫һͬȥѰҩɡֺ룬ѯʵ
ô˼Щ̿ҾǷܶһǾȻҪȷʵЩ˸о˼
кβ˼ûйӣҽܶͱǸ򡭡ֺ˵һ룬Ȼʶʲô͡
ЩɻĿֺû׹ΪʲôȻô˵
ͱƴˣȻҽ㶼ô˵ˣǾһͬǰаɣϴҲָǱһĴڣһ˵õȮ죬ҽܶҲΪԼءʱҲ˵
֪ǽΪ˰ҵģô˵ġ
̾һϸ룬ڵƺȷѰҵҩģЩҩĳںɽõһ֮⣬û˵еڶطء
аɣǱһɡ̾һ˽ĺ⡣
ȥܻתۼʮȥˡ
ҵͷʼıЩ߲ԭҲѾˣֻǺȴʼδκα仯ƺʱ䶨ŮĶޢ껪
ʮڣҺܶ߱ϱʱƣҶǵĵҲԽԽּ֮ҲԽԽ
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֪һûгնϷĺ
ʮУҲҵ˻ָİ취ְָ취֮һնϷǣңһһֱ
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һ뵽⣬ҾЩܣ֮ǰҿ϶ǲκԥΪԼϴҿնһС
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ҲΪʲô֪ͬϲңȴûһʱⷽĻʱҲҪתƹȥ
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תͷȥֺЦſ˵ƳұȢΪޡ
ֺһ𾪵Ŀңʶʮ֪꣬ʮ꣬Ҵδ㱡Ĥڽ죬ȴҵĿװ˵˳
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㲻֪ЩɻĿң޳гɵ㾫ұΪشȻƵ磬ȴδ뵽ڴˣȻֻ©֮㣬Ҳգеֻ磡
ҴĿŽˣִĿǺദʮּҽܣּҽǻֲ̿ӣҾ˵ʮа˾û
ǣ
һദôõˣȻҲʼã


ϲˣҵԼܵܵˣȻ
ҾȻദʮ꣬ȴδ֣
һӾȻ֪ԼҪʲôˡ
ֺĿң˵ꡭ
û˵ֻǴĿ
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;ǳɾϴˣĪҪ˰˺Ȼںһ䣬ֱſƳֺѹ˹ȥ


329 
Ϣʼ֮ǰСƻʱҲʼҡ濴ǰüͷˣһ˵εʲôΪʲôĻ˶ҡ
ʱ򣬴ɢһޱҵϢһԭǵ˾ʱˣȻҲ㵽εʲôʲôֻϣġ
˶ξʧңʹңնʱҲնξֻأǰô׾Ϳߵĳ̾һ
ǷǷǣԶԣûʲôֻ˵һ֮䣬Ϊ֮ɡ濪˵
ƺ˳˵Ļһ㣬ŵüͷҲչ
ȻҲ㵽εʲôֻϣͻƼ̹ȻնǴźն¶濪˵նʬ֮·ߵĸԶ
䣬ǵϵ仨Ҳƺ˳˵Ļһ㣬ȻҲʼҡ




ͷһֱҵԺ֮ǻţѹ۾ɫģѹֺôãûκα仯
Ӧײǡ
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˵ֱ꣬ӱ
ҴĿź𣬲֪ΪʲôоԼƺʲôһ˺ѿ
ۣ
磬ڸأȾҽ㰡˾ԽԽҲЩ̲סˣڽһ
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˵Ϊ񣬵Ĵңжأܼ飬أ
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Ұ𣬲ǲҶǶ
ҵҵ˲һǾöҾơ
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ѪʼѸٵתӴţƶվۣ֮ǰһɽСĹ龰
ʲôҴȥ
Ҹоһʶʼʴ
Ҽ˲䣬ҿʼоԾˡ
ԣԣԣģ
ΣҲŵ꣡
ŵѡ񣬲ҵѡ
ȻŵѡǶ񣬵ȴʼջΪԼĵ˺ʮꡣ
ⲻҵĵ
Ҳô
ȥȥȥ
һΣһ֮ǰѡʲôأ
ȥȥ
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΢΢Ϲ⣬ˣǵѵƣŵƣǵѵĵȴŵĵĪҪҵġ
˴Ŀң̾һննʧȥ˴컯ѡ·ͨϴģ
ЦҪİ֮ģܵõĴԸҪ
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һ׵磬¡Ƭա
ûȥˣתͷ˺֣Цſ˵߰ɣǻؼҡ
ֻվû˵
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ȥԴЩȰڵĵطǾǵļң


330 
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Ҳ֪˶ãŮ̾һ㣬ǺοأǧǰȻѼȴΪƫƫԼΪԼ˼أ
ĵһĨ׽͸ɫʣҲ뷴㣬Ҳͬǧ꣬𣿡
ŵ겻һŵ굱㣬ȴûңʼҲֻһڳϷˡŮ˵ʱһ˿ǰʼգҲֻһڳϷˣܵȡ
նԶȲĳЩ̶ϣһҪɵ𣿡𿪿˵
ӷ㣬֪֣֮Ůеǻǳ
ӷң֪֣֮Ц
Ůһ£źһЦѾֻվѾŵˣΣôʲôأ
ҡҡͷѷ£Ųµģֻˡ
ÿκ˵ģͺ˵ЩҰȤŮ̾һ˵ŵתһΣѡɻǸ·
Ůӻ䣬΢΢һ˫ڵ·𿴴بţҲ֪˶á
ȻһЦѡú͵һʼһΣҵ˾ŴΣŴζͬĽʮΣҲһΣվǲһˡ
ЦЦţ־µȴỨ˵㡣
ţЩɻĿЩ̫ΪʲôȻԼ
һæ𣿡̧ͷ㣬ĨһỨЦ
ʲô㿪ʵ
һһǵȲһȥɽ续ˣһϣԿõǽɽ续ԣңӵվ΢΢Ϲ
㱻Ȼľٶһæǰס𣬿˵ΪΡ
ҵȵҪĴ𰸣ȴվѾˣķˡ˵
æҲҪԼȥǿۿеʪ
ֻǳЦſ㣬پһˡ
䣬һαϣͬǲʯһ㡣
ֻǿǰĺ̾ϢһҪĴ˵Ǵ𰸣ԸѰ𰸡
ȴûٻش⣬ǽŵƺҲҪһ㡣
ɽϣϰϰ涨һ

ɽأһڽϵǸ¯֮ϣһƣһ߿ɽĺɫһЦſ˵˵㰡Ǻαأ֣ҲԺаԵˣʥƽʥҾͳԿһ㣬ƽʥɣҪǴӦˣҾͽȳ
¯һߣһݵִЩ֮жʱˣȻѾʼܵĺ͹ںһˡ
ݵǸӵĻҲ¶ɫΪʲôô룬ҪѰɣȥѰȥҪƽʥҲԼȥȥûȤ
ѵü㻰ôࡣӴӵ¯׵ǰҡҡԼľƺ«˵ôһڣ
˵һ󣬼۾û˵
ƲƲ죬˵飬λү㣬֮УǼһԼѾˣʼˣһԺΪӣЦֲֻֻ߲ܻҪԾţҲܹһβ˵ڵΪԾŲɵ𣬵ʱҵİʲô
˵꣬ӻһĭʾԼܱӰ
ȴɻǰƺʲôûһ
˵ôͲأã㱻ŵץ˵ǵͯҸңֱӱˣɽ˻ӣ˵ŵϻƨ¿ǻ㿴ұŵ˰꣬ԼĴڶ˵ϻˣ͸ˣɽʷѹû˵飬˵̣Ҫ㣬̲ˡӼԼղУͿʼ
ȴѹû˵ʲôһֻǽƺһֱ
֪ŵΪ˾㣬ǰնͶûа취õˣⲻӦõ˵ǧˣĶ飬ҲӦû˰ѣﻹҪ尾ȥأһ޵֣񲻿գٴιƻ
ȴûһ㣬һΣƤ
ӻΪԼ˵˵ǰˣϴϲ룬ҵòǲˮǰʲô°ûNɪΪԼͳѾʼԳˣҪڣʲô鰡ţƣţɽбѹһǧ갡
һֱ۾˫ɫƺʲôһ㣬һΣŲҲЩˡ
Ѿ˵Խȥˣѹûע⵽ı仯Ҿ˰壬ţɶû˧ûܴ˵ܶ򡭡
û˵꣬ʹϵӡ
Щɻ
ƻ𣿡꿪˵
զˣզȻȾˣӸɻˡ
ȴֻǿű΢΢һЦû¶ֻǺȻȾˡ


331 ų
ɽۣ֮ʱѹȥ죬γ˯죬Ա˾죬ھ磬̫գƬɽ֮ɾ
ǰѾûжΣҲЦ죬һǳնеõĺôԽնʱԽ࣬ʹңնҲֻ죬㲻ˣȻ˾죬ҵԼ·û֮ǰ·ˡ
滰䣬һֱʢŵСƻҲʼήˣȡ֮һƬСƻ
ЩƻΪģһۿɼٶȿʼţһһĻƻƬطʼʢ
ܿ죬ɽ֮۾ͲЩСƻľɫ׺һзζɫʡ
ܣ
ֻһ㲻ʱ䣬Щʢ˵СƻȴѾˣ꼻һ֡
һƻһ̾ϢҵĿд˳Բȣ߲ݣֹͣ˵ң³һһӻûг׻
ֹͣתѪѹ˲䣬ҲʼҵתһɹӴ͸ѪһĴҵľ֮С
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һЦҴڵö𵤶ѾϢˣֻһ룬ԭѾ۳ѪҲӦת𵤵ˮƽˣŸն˶룬Ӧòʱ䣬ʵٴһܣﵽת𵤵ˮ׼
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ʱƴҲæ˵𻯵ɵ˼һʵﵽ½ɵˮ׼ѾݲˣǷδˣֻѡ˵ĻǱ𻯵ɣ𻯵ɣλɰ࣬ȻҪɺͨţų
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ҵ˵ͷų濪˵лָ㣬飬
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ڵìܣħҶѾˣҲ˵ڵ㣬ӦûˣվУĲᣬҪɷνģһ仰͵еУĸ֣ġҵ֮УҲǿԵġħֳ֮ΪԳĵģħŻôսʤ潵ԳǱԼõɣҲֻһ֮䣬ʱϰһŷϷţǽνԳģѧƷԼħ
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㡣˵꣬ߵǰڵϻһȦȻ󿪿˵Ȿһƽأ滮һȦҵĵͺ͹˻Ϊһ˼ħĵһҪħһħ㣬ֻ޷ȥˣԼһΣҲ͵ڸһΣȻҪԹԵȥ
Ҵ㶵ĿǰԲȦЩ󶮳˵ʲô˼
ƴȴҵﲻֱͣУȻǷҾѧû뵽ֻ䣬͵˷ǧоһС
򵥣
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Ҳɵ÷һۣҲͣǻųҽһлΪôȥ룬벻ͨȥʻƴɵĻƴɾͻ˵ⶫҪԼ򣬱˵ˣЧۿۡ
˵ô࣬Ѿܵ׵Ķˡ
رΣСҲͲ̫У˵ľͲ֮Ҳˡ
ܿ죬ʱҵ˼ѸٵɢˣʱҴҹȥһûóǻΪʲô˼
׹˼ǾԼħԼħʲôð
峿ɽĵȫۼڻɽ£ڻɽ֮ϣɽɵЩҲȫۼȻڻɽôãҼĻɽ߲ҲֻԪƽһһӿô೤ϣҲ֪ԼӦô˵
ԪƽҿʼȻȷһЩΪҵͣдһ˿ɻģЩҲܸоɢѹټҺͳ⻪ɽ֮۵ô죬ǿҵҲ̫ӡ
ҺһɽϺ֮󣬴ɽ֮䣬һ
סɽȥҺˣܿҪͷɺ½ϣųˣ


332 ũ
ʱɺѾ˻ɽ֮ϣѾɺһˡ
ɽĳϣеȫֱֱĿų棬𻯵ɡ
ڳҪ̤ɺ׵һ˲䣬Ȼͣ˽Ųתͷ˵ɽӽ𣬾͵ǲ˰ɣµӣȫɢ˰ɣ
仰䣬˶һ㵵Ŀų棬Щ̫ףΪʲôҪͷȻ־
ڣûг׵˽˼
Ҫ֪𻯷λɰ࣡
һǼҫ鰡ǧ֮ǰӦ𻯵ˣȴһһǧ꣬һһǧֻ꣬Ϊѹȹµʱ䡣
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334 
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ԪԾɽµ˲䣬Ҳһѳǿ֮Уٴһ˿
̩ڴ˷´ԸԸ䣬
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335 ǰɽ
ʼգЩնŵĻɽӣûһôһ˿ԥͺڵġ
ҲǴЩӵϣһθܵʲôʥء
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ҪԼһƽɵ滷ĴȱЩдɷҪȱĶࡣƴɿ˵гһ˿˸С
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ܹţأ
֪ΪʲôеܸУƴƺҲᵽִܸУ˵ʵ㲢ҪоԼʲôģ˶꣬˶꣬˶ԼĵεĵĻûгγɣΪʲôҪôأ˲ģҪǿߣҪԼһ߹ſԡ
ҿŻƴɣȻЦ˳˵û뵽˼ͦܵģһܸ㶼ܸоĵ
ھ汻ôһҲЩˣڵ֮֮ǰͲܱȽϣҲ˵磬Ѿ֮ǰϻɽ֮ǰˣѾһȫµ硣ƴɵһ˵Ӧؼĵδ١
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ҴĿŻƴɣû뵽ҾȻ㲻̧֪ͷ˿Ѿúʵ죬Դ
ʱ򣬻ƴҲ˵ն˶ˣҲ˵ӴԺ̤ʿ·˸㽵췣һתѪÿһתһ췣ҹưڣ췣ҪˣһɱĶڣҹɾҪ군ˡ
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ն˶ˣһЩҲͦеģ˵ĵĹѨĴڵĻӦҲ̽鵽һЩ˿ġ
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ҵ˵ͷҲֻ̾һ˵Ҳԣڻæǵڶ׶εʽˣҲ֪Ļ֮ôģΪʲôҪѡΪʲôҪǸݣñ˷أ
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338 
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⻹ҵһ˵ⶫüͷʼ˼Ϣ֪ڶ׶εʽΪʲôôˣǾǿũ˹ڶ׶εʽ
Ĺؼˡ
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339 ɱ
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340 ж
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벽һ죬ҾȻ·磡

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ôᣬ


341 
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ܵģȻʮ޼ǻǣҲֱġǰĿѧʵ飬סһ۾ȻǸ첲ϸһͬʱľͰ˿µѪ˿ںܿϣѧͬʱľͰˮñ۾˾ԼѪֹ
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342 ׷ɱ

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343 
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344 ж

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зֱӦĸƢ࣬ˡ
Ҵʱھ٣Ҫֱͬ벻ƣȻַá
ҩĵݲԽԽãеҩˣͻɶҩҩˣһݲ㣬໥һݳͻ֮Ϊҩ࣬ʹҩáҩľΪҩģʦҽʦ˵ð׬ˡ
ƴЩЩп漴ָҴˮԵҩĿʼҩˮһ֮ˮҪĶˮʼ޲塣
ʱҩ׵ģҲûķ
ڵĵطŬʣ󲿷־߽סֻһСΪʱĹϵûϵסʱҪá
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䵱ɽëţӹɱ㣡
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345 ɻ
أء
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ҵҲøΪʱУһĻӿֲĻ档
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鲻ԽĽгֱյĸоʵ̫ˡоõÿһƤڱϱϰըǵľʼЩԺըһָо
ʲôǵļǵܵʹ
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ǿ޽еƺסƬ̣漴ǸΪǿҵ˻𣬴ų˰ҩҵ߿׾
Сӵ׷ʲô飬ôȫڼиʲôƴ棬ôĵңֻչ˲£ıסЧ
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ڼ˲һʱ֮Ҳǻˡҩɢ޵Ҳȥ
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ƴɿһĻ˿Ҫʧˡûһ꣬ΪǿҵĿ޽дǸʯ𣬴̶ļʹɽҡΣҵƤҲֱӳһɹ𵴵Ĳơ
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ļ֮Ҳоı仯ʱѾϸϸʲôΪһŸΪĻѾ֮С
һڵĻ棬һȺССĺͯԼĸĸǵˣ
Ȼһ죬һϵ˻ԣҺҵļһ
ʱĬĿһԼȻһ֡
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346 к
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ҵڣ͹ܵ˺Ѿȫ޸Ҳ˳ȫ͸ûһ֮зоһĳʵ·ղŵǻþ
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347 
ҵиƶţʱЩкͺŵĲӬҵȥҿٶȣʹǱһ룬ô
кƶȴҵĹͷһֻ˺ҧܼˡ
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348 ֮
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ֻҪεˮʱֻͷһۡʱֻǺɫˮһŮӱţҿʱ۾ȻѪӺҪѿƵãֵϳ

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350 Σ
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355 ׽ٵʹ÷
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Ҳ֪ǣڴмλ֮ͣΪҶɽ٣˼ɵ


356 ɽ
߲㣬һˡ
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ʱİɢȵƺЩģ
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ֻ̤ѥһɫԲʣͷͷƤ絶ֻһվ˫ֱǰһԡϣһǣξ

ıսʿӶӿɫԲʷ
ЩսʿһԣŲÿһ˵ÿһһģһܿؾսʿʽԶǹȻսʿǹлǹţʱ
ţӰһ飬ÿһԲսʿ״ӵĿѧңǰһоơֻǻӣ׸ߡϳĸǽԼŵϵԸǣܿװ׸ߵ
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ֻҲξƸȾһ仰Ҳ˵
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ʣҪ֪ڴ
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ξ˵
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357 
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˲࿪һʾԼûж⡣ʦĿתƣֱ̰档
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˵ǽȴǱֱĳΣ˵һָĳ߳ĸĽͬ···֮һЩڵ㡣ΣԿмһ֡
ʿٵĽڽڵϵĹȡһţʦϡ
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ӥС˸񣬱ԥС
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㶣漴ʧ뿪


358 
ʦڵϣ˿ܵľޱ顣ɽƺܣްһ˵أƺӦʲôĿ⳯ɽ뿴ȥ
ͬζ
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漴ı˽˫⡣
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죡
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㣬ˣ
ߵ֮ʱתͷС滨
ǰˣ
СȥС˸


359 ͵͵
ҳС֮УһѱסСҵǸʼ˴忴ģС
岻ܿƵĳȻԼԼоΣգȴܾͷ
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ͬ־˼Σգ˵һΣ뽫ΣƷңȻϵ顣ǲǸйҷɶᣬҪи
˶ĴڣͷǸսʿ˵֮У쵽˰ڣĸսʿֶֿ˺䣬ڵذס
֪ΪΣҿذ׵ʱ͸о񿴵ʦǱҳʮΣա
漴ϸһͷСӳϾȻһһǣǸξ
ʿɴ۾˵
ףħ󣡡
λ΢䶯ʱ򣬻ƴɾ;˳ħǹʱһġʱħ΢ʹħ
һ漴ѸǿֻȴǸʧȥϢ
ǸԱһϢÿͬ˷ֱ˽ľˮϢǴ˵һˣԳΪһ
Ϊ
Ҫб˴֮˲ʩչ
ߣľˮˮˮľľ𣬻ѭǷֱӦĸƢһһ࣬׳อǿ
ħȴҪӵһ֮ϣʹ屶ϳǿ屶ôеǸˣһ߼ˣȻֻܱ
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Ϊ֮˲ͬȫͳһǸΣǲһսˡ
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ออ֮ɣ˾ͻή˵ͻ١
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ʿϣֻ壬ֻм֡ϵħסҲɫһѪǽ𵤶תȴûжЩսʿ˵һ仰
ԼĵЩսʿ֡
οսʿĹѾĳԽ
˵Ķ԰ûдġ
ʦĻȻ̾
ͷǸʿΪϵɢע˵Щͬʱԥȼ룬һȺҪ˵ˣ˭ȥǡ
ж
ξӳ˸ɫƻȥϵˣȴûеطܣһ᲻ʱ㱻˵ذ״Уߣ࣬ΣƢΣһѾ
ۣ
ͱħֱУϵ˳һڵѪ
ɣȡ𵤡
ξͷȽͭӽϵٴӱȡһƵҪϵڶ
ϵңֲ˵һ
ҾãսΣƷͷŹɣҲûʲôΣյġ
ʵڿȥ˳һϢֵʿΧס
ʦү
ϵʱǰһϲĽ漴ȴǣƣ۵졣漴Ǽ·Ҳˡ

û뵽ȻǸû뵽ȻʾҪ˵
˼ΣյģܾôŹҪڵֲμѧϰ뿪
ξ˵ţת䱸Ŀңȴɲſ
ҺֺЦóξǸոմѧУǻۡ꿴һЩϣǾȽϵսʿԲ˷ϻôֱ࣬ǰ˵
ˣ뿪ɣҲǶ֡
ɺĻ˻֣뿪อأǺúòܲĻôȥĻǻʮꡣ
ͼԽȰˣܻƴ˵ûõġ
ξ롣
ǽ￪ʼѾ֮⣬ǵʹԼҡҲҺ񶼻ǵҵġ
ξ˵
ұ⻰ںУǻŭȴƫƫղ
Ա㻹ǿ㻹Ҫ𣿡
Ҳ˵
ͬʱǿƣʹȶӶҡΣǣξ˵ϢȻøǿ
ĳΣƷҡ
ξ˵
סˣ⵽ǶôǿִôһȺִսʿǵǵûмǿʢ֪ǿʢ֮ض˥Щȼյʮꡣ
Ѿϴԣ޷Ťתʦү²֣ǽѰɣ
˵⻰ʱйỨҵͷ

һ˳ȥһɺ̳֮ȥǿ
ۣ
սʿһȥĿξƺ˵뽫ΣƷҡ
ãȸ
̾Ϣʱ򣬻ƴɺȻҺëһը͵˳ȥץ
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޴ıը쳹ֵʯשը飬ʱѪԡڵϣͷһʿڵĵطѾը٣һʿûˡ
ણ
һԴҵĽŵףǸξġ
ֻԴ沿ƤЩǺϽϳɣƤ⣬Ȼ˺ͻĺϳɡ
롭ҡҡҡ
ԴݻڶͻѾĻ뵽ʲôץסԴֱʩչ̽⵽һμ䡣
˪
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369 
漴ξļ֮У֮ǰǻѧУĿɰѧƽʱѧϰȫѵѵѵ
ֻͻȻһ죬һȺ˵ѧУ˵ҪѡȡһЩ˲š
Ȼξ˵ıѡˣΪ˲֮һ
ǺܸˣΪлᱨЧҡ
ǣǺһֵĵطһЩνĹЩ֮ǲϵıߣȻ󲻶ϵıֲһЩֵֹ١Щٵĸкܶʧȥˡ
ƺŭޣֻᰴ¡
ǵץˣץͨˣҲץʿ
˿ڶ࣬ÿʧٵ˿ڴǱץȥˡΪڸ࣬һѳ֣ʧ٣ʵǸɵĺ¡ǵˣʵʧٵʧİٱϡ
𺳣ô࣡
ٺһ죬ǱɵطĿġϧһдۣ׽ʿ֮𵤣õũʿ
ȻʿϧһдۣӦþǱֲˡ
纮˪ȻһμҸе
֮Уξʿкܶ࣬ǶԼ
̫ˣӵ˵꣬ڻȡ֮ǲȫȻȱʧԼ˼룬󶼱ǿսֱֲһִϴԣǵѾûж𾴣ֻжľԷӡƴ˵
˵ԣҪԷӡ
ֻҵŤ˼룬ѾַӸıζ
ԭⶴգֲ֪ʲôԭԭⶴĹ֮ϣ֮µʿԽ룬սʿһȻܱܿĹֱӽ롣
ңҪ𡣡
¶˼ᶨĹâֶڹ֮⣬ֽŹҵж񣬻ű˼룬̫ˡ
ʱҪǸ
ҽϵսذȡذ׵׶սʿıըЩ׶ȻѣҲһֺϽʣΪ͡
Ϊй©ֶܶΣֱһը
Ϣ΢١
ҽɵڣอʧҺԥȡһŻҩĿС޸ڴˣʧȣԲŻ
ûõģʦү
อȻڻָϢȷʵ΢
һᣬ֪Ӧʣ²˶ˡΪңμʲôʽʱôǱ
ԭأԼķ٣ϵ·帧ƽȻָͭ
ıֱͬˣֱ
һ׷ȷ֮ʼΪ壬ͼ飬ȷ֮ҷ֣⣬˭ȥ񣿺Ϊնƻȷ֮ҿ̫Ƴɶ񣬸Ϊա
˵Ȼ̾
ҳĬʲô
ôһ£һˣÿ춼ؤǮǣʱˣؤҲĬˡǣ˺һˣԴûиؤǮЩؤ͵仵ˣȻϸؤ˵ĸۡˡ
Ƕ
һˣˣڵ˶һ죬һѹϰյĹٱΪ׷ԼģǾͰѹٱɱˡǷ˵ӻͷΪһˡ

ƶ֮䣬ʲô
ˣ֮ƶʵ޶Щƶ֮˲ڼһˡʦү֪ʲô𣿡
ҳĬ֪ʲôȻʡ
סˣ˼Ĵ𰸡
ʲô
ƶ֮䣬ֵҡǶ񣬶ԼֻҪΪԼȷģȥ
˵
һ׶ʱ̬ˣǶˣ֡ԼˣͻϴȻȥֲ
Ǹ֮
ĸУ˲ǡΪһ֮ģΪԼûɱٱǶǶΪǱŶ¡
ǶһͬͷΪԼģȷģԼ塣
뵽ҺȻס
⣬ǡ
ʦү뵽ˣûдһնƶķƶֻһ߼䡣ҵΪĵȻն˶û뵽նƶ֮ȻҲС
³һѪļһֱֱͦ䡣
˼Դһ⣬ƫƫĥ͸ɵЩļ
ҪżʦүԼߣһ򵽵ġ
΢΢ס
һЩˣˣҶ˾֮飬ƫƫΪݵԭֶҲ
նƶ
ôնƶ֮ޱǿ󣬵ʱôնҡҡҡͷоԼЩˣתûдﵽնҵˣⲻǿЦʲô
ɽλߣӴܣŷʦүĴڡʱɽΪɣһҪɱʦүΪʦүӦôڡһɣΪʦүӦü쵼ɽ
ƽȣ͸â
ΪʦүʦүɽͳǸıҵȵһʦү쵼ҲûйϵɽȻᷢʦүΪһɽջȨƶ񣬴ܸǹ۶
˵ԣҷʦãɽʼɽԿ
Цĺܿɬ
мֵ壬֪塣ıɽ˵˼룬ǶѾעô׸ıġ
ʦү˵ĶԻǴ
Ȼҵ۾еĿҡ
죬Ȼƿԡ˵Ƕ𣬵ɽˣЩҪɱҵˣеӦò̫񡣵˵Ǵôһֱֵʲôأ
ҾȻش𲻳ʻƴɣҲ֪
ش⡣
ڴʱһͻأ


370 ֮
ʦ㣬ǶǴ
ֵԱ߳ĸˣǴɽʦõĵۣǰˣһƳɷ֮⡣
ĸ֮У˶ת۷壬ҲתĴڡ
˶ɽ֮ˣض˴ϤȻתˣҲǱɰ
ܸң
̧ͷĿֱǳʿ
ߵϧ;Ͷɱ֮ħα֮ŷʦתäĿ֮ɽ֮θǴϼӴ
壬Ǵ

һͬ޴ڸļ䣬۵һѪҺ
˵ˣ
æȫǸܣɪҡҵǰ棬ͼΪסƳʿ
ǸȻеץסҵֱۣйâ
ʦү˵꣡
вŻѪȴǿ˵бֻ£һΪ漴Ŀ⣬ᶨĿϵƺ˵Ҫ㽲ꡣ
ϵִ֮ȴǺԥ
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⻰ҲɳĬ
ɽɽ˵ɽŵɽ
һ仰еĶԹҺȻôɽеȴò
һ˵ɽ
Ц漴еѪǺԣǵͨ졣һ£ҸоڵϢΪ΢в
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æе
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ÿ˵һ仰Ͳϴɢݡ
УΣϣſ
ҵֱ۱ץĺܽΪЩʹɽʦõĵʿҲĬĿţû˵ĵȴ֪Ӧñء
壬ûд
Ŀˮۼҧ˵
ֱȥͫ׷ŴĿ
жʧͻнѡ
һش𲻳⣬ֻ˵ûдòƺݼŵҲ޷ĿҲ֪ǲӦüԼףֱԸ壬ûд
ֻʱֱظ
ʮ⣬еߺȻ仯ΪһʽҵڣҸоҵ߶ʲô
ΣͲҪˣԹԸǻɽܷɡ
Ƴĵʿ̾˿ΪѾϵ⡣
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ǿдΪȷġңд
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ֵֻ壬ԴЩеƶǵ壬ЩŤ˸˶Լ塣
ôҵʲô
ǣҲԼ
ϵ޷شҵ⡣
ҶˣҵʲôԵģûûа񣬵ˣҾҪһܡ
飡
Ժ֮Уһʹ֮Ȼ飬ҵա
ûʹҡ
һĳΪԼĽ֮
ҵ塣
һɻΪʲôһ𵤶תʿնɱЩתĴڡ
ҿŲԶµʬ壬Ȼڡ
֮ǰܵشǺЩתʿսҿЩתͬһʱġ
ôʲôøȻԽսˣ
ΣǸ㣬Ҫˣǲͨʿʦõʦ
ϵ˵˵˱㳯Χ
Ҳգʱ쵽ˣҾͿ㶯ְɡ
ʱҸоڶ׶εı¶ʱ䣬ֻʣ¼ӡ
֣
ͬʱ֣ʹʱȻȻһƪҶǰƮ䣬Ȼή
Ҷ
˸оѹ漴һɪ֮紵ķҶһƬһƬڿе㡣ȻͬʱǸоԼһɹӿȻɢҶȻǵ
ǵΪҲڽļ
ΪҶȻ㡣
ΪҶģͿĽȥɱˡ
˵ţͭƺܴ΢΢Ľ֮ио־
ǰǰȥˣҲҪά˵־ǰɡ
Ҿ˽
ʲôаҵΪ
ʦ󺧣ǵΪͳͳ½һΪת𵤵ĴڣͺǱת𵤵ʿ
һҲõ÷ıơ
ֻø塣
һ֮
ͭݲеĹâҽͭն
ৣ
˻ûüν㱻һ̴
ˣ
˵صͬʱеͭҲһѣɻҡתŸ۾ڱϡ
㰲ϢɣľԶҵԺ֮УҲ㡣
һֽʬ飬ͬʱڸ𶯣ʧһ롣
̳һŻҩ裬ϥڵء
ӣǻָ漴ǰһоԺ㲻˸һҺܽ
ڶ׶εɱʽʼ
Ĺƺ˶٣Ȼǳҵλ÷ɿ쿿
֪žˡ
һҪɱģ϶ҡ۾ųǰĹž
ˣС˧磬ּˡ
ڹžУ˷ܡ


371 ׼
žҲڵ㡣˵
ǵģԴ֪ž͵ȥʮ޼Ҿ͸овʮ޼ǻƴɶؼ½һҡ
ƴɸң͵͵͵ȡֻ͵ʩ߻óķҲ˵ʮ޼ž͵ģҲʹõǰѡô֪еĺôضҵҵϣȡķʶһĿ꣬ҡ
汻ž͵ȥȫѧᣬҶԵ֮ʹСˡ
ԣҵһҪɱģҲǹž
Ӵ֪֮ͦȻˣͰʮ޼ͳɡֽתҲͦ˶١žЦȫЫһĹâУȴǵЦ
Ҳû뵽ܽ͵͵ɱģȻֻת𵤵Ĵڡ
Ȼ˿ǿڴʱĹžǰʲô
ѧ㣬Ϊʦҽ㰡
չЦͬʱѪʼۼϲ
͸˵һĽ⣬ʼԼĽ֮·֪һ·ǿһ·οǰžˡ
ҽ䱸֮УžȻЦ֫Ϊ֮һԡ
ǺðҾͰΪʦʦϣͽһݣ
žЦ֮°ݵͬʱѾͬ߰㵯ڿлһӰֱ֮ҵѡ
ˣ
ɱ䣬һ䡣
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֪һ֮̽УҲӳ˶صĻסʱȴǱصУλѪӿ˳
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ٴһƿǻҴǻһ
ĨǵѪҺǿнڵȶסȴЦ
ʱڶģҶܳˣҶǿӰܱˣʹöԷʵһҾҪһִֻҪһƣͻһֻҪˣô֮ҾͿԴ֣ٲô
ڶģžš

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֪ˣܣֻҪӴΪҶή壬Թ㣬ܾͲЧҪ֪ⶫҹҪж١
žαװһ˿֣ΪԼ֪࣬ʱЦ
ʱСʱѹȥ̫Ѿɽֻյ̶ȻŻƻʱ֣ҲռĹأʱҹ
ҿűٻĹ壬ȻС֪ôˡ
漴ȴɹˡ
žҵĻôռֵģˡ
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Σͽѧʮ޼ѵ֪ר𣿡ǿЦв·硣
ȻˣǾһȣ˭ĵͳڰɡžЦӣĿѣԡ
ŮĹǣÿ˲롣֮ǰ͵͵̬ģϰԻ͵͵ԣҲŻᱻԻ󡣴ʱ˾裬ᱻóѡ
ȾͱȣҲиͷɣӮ˵˿Ҫ˵һ
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ðʱȥҲȥˣ
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һع˾˼ڤס
žͬʱ𣬶ʱܿռŤʮ󷨲漴Ҹʮ޼ռײΪǿʶĿռ侹ҲѹƸоȻƿع䣬ΪعԸ
ֻصĹռﵽħ֡
漴澵ӴӵصǾûĸı䣬ƶ񾵣ж񾵡
ҵжֱƶ񾵴һࡣ
Χ֮ǰٻЩɣȻƶ񾵲ͣĹݡһɹɺӿƶ֮С
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ʱ껹⣬ҽУȻѳһʵ壬һ
žҲһΣɫס
ֶƶһָ
أ
ؾֱƶ񾵣ط𶯣һ֮˷ܵ㵸ȻΪڹͶУǾеңҲɼ֡
жеĹžҲѪ
˾ƴ֮ףС
žͬʱٿ䡣
ʱռгֵİ˴СȻҳʮȻһ޴ѹ֮ơ
ȻžʾƶٴͶȻҲγһ
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372 ˭
һ׼ֺ֣ͬҺ֮бŷʱͿдײ˻Էײȥ澵Ӷʱ貵Ĺâ
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ҡ
ҲǸ򵥵ž˲ǵѪҺҵ۾˵
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ҵ֮ģҵϣͻᱻҵ֮ն
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뷢ȻҲ㣬˭Ц
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Э˵

˵ҵģҵ֮ġںնɱ֮ǰǰ֮˳֣˼Υҵ
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ž̾˿ͬԡ
Ҳ˿ڳɹˣ
ҴʼĿľҪȻҸûʤ㡣
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æҦߣץͨڿ񱼡һﻹûնܵһһȫˡ
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386 ʦ
ʿٸնҽƣıš
죬ţ档
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æȶȻʿٸֹͣĴ
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˵ĻŻ˫һɣ˵漴֣Ƿɢ޵ĶһŤ

˺ѷεĲҽЩٴδҵĶĤĶ侹ȻšѪһŻǶһ˻ȥ
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389 ĸ
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ںʮʿٸ׷ǵĽŲ뻮һûʲôҷ֣ʿٸȻһܾһ˿ͰУƺ޷ʿٸЭ
ҵԱ߷ļʸ롣
ɣʿٸ˿ơҾãڸ
˵
˵Ƴֻܿƻûõġ벻ĸ֮⣬˭ʿٸ͵Ϯֵá
ƴҲ˵
ȷһƳûа취ʯͷġ
ڶԿĸҪɱǣô鷳ĸ˭ء
չпܿƣǿĸ֪ϵͳǿô᲻пǸء
ҲпܣĬԣ͵ֻǻ͵Ļôת᲻
ǲˣǹ䣬Բ֡
񻹼ǵãʮ˺ľɱ򳤽ȴһնĳ
ˣǵҲ޾ľǡ
ʥܡ
ðɣ̵͵ԺԲǵļһûǸ˼ġ
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˵
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̤̤
Ȼڴʱ̤֮
ҳұߵͨȥʱһǹˡ
ȴʮٸ̤ͨʿٸ׷ɢڵϲ޶սʿ٣ۣ칭ЯͷסӢǳҵȵǱǰնǿɱ

Ӳ⣬ն⡣չеýȥն
꣡
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391 ˮ
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ӳһǿܶԸҲǿֵסϣҪ
ʥ˵ͬʱ䣬ǱҶֱ۵ٸֱһûбƺЦֱһ죬ץס˹

˵ǾͿʼĴܣǰܡΪʮ֮߹һӣʮٸʮʿٸʮӶ
ʮٸҵȼ֮ǰҪߣô赲
ʵϣٸĹٶȲ죬нٶҲ졣ʱչڣǼоյĶȹüѹءΣյĵطȴڣٸ̫ˣൽʮһҲٶȼԭ
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Ϊȵĵط򿴹ȥԶԶĿüһɽļ
ԣǲɽļҲһֻ⹬̫ߣ̫Ϧ֮ɽôҲǲԣΪ⹬ڵŲݣÿһصһ޴Ľң޴ޱȣɽϷɽۡ
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ʼʵԼĹ֮޽һΪ˾ҩɣͨͥʿ֮ѰùͬΪ֮УʼʾطĲҩ

Ŷ죬˵ҩֵʱҶʱֱۣôɣ𵤾ڴ˴ɡ
ҷ˿ʦ˵Ҫҵõ𵤣ôõġ
Ļһ
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ˡ
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أû뵽أ
ĹרҲǵĹרңָ̾ˮ˵
أʼμˮ˹֪ΪھȻط뵽ɽҲռ֮УҲͻ֪ʼʣʷϵʼʡ
ˮƲ˼Ϊ׵ģνķʿԴƹġ
ʵڵʼʣҪͻƣΪ֮˸ѹ̫ǿ
ǲǷʿĴѰɼ˵֮ɵΪɣޡɵɼг֮
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صʼʶɽ˿һ˹Ϊأμˮ֮ˮ˺˹֮ģɽϧ֮գ콵꣬Ȼֻһ
ʼ䣬ֱʮգеõָ㣬֮ںĵ޽һع
ɣƺҹҹڴɵʼʱҹҹغڴˡ
ɽ
⵺ȷڶλҲˣҲΪҪ顣
룬ǵͼķλ˵ǰأֻƷ֮֡Ǻĵҩôпܣ絺ϣгҩũ
һԣʴš
ɹؼǣĺˮˮˮôȥչȻֹһҧ
԰ôȥǶ˳ĬֻĸʥϷ

ǳĬʱ򣬺湬ںȻһȥһ㶡
ǸŮˣ


392 Ů
ֻһŮӻŲ·ЬӶûˣңͷҲɢšʿٸǰҲкüٸסȥ·ʱһȻֱӵڵء
ۼһʿٸʯҪŮն룬֪ԥ
ʥܣˣ
Һ
ʥ̾ͷӦһ籼ȥĺܳȻһ࣬İʿٸײһɶԶ
ȻŮӣ˻ڼһҲãҲãЩʿٸֱײ
Сӣִ˲٣
Ůӱʥܿһ漴ͼԼһˤڵϣʱᶼ˳
лȡŮӼôˣЩ¡ʥܵһվԡʥһŮӹͨ죬æ࿪Ů죬ָȥ
ʥܸΣͶȥĿ⣬ȴ˫ۿ죬һԡ
ҿҰһ죬ⲻ۾
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룬ʥܴӻͰ͵ͷӺףݸŮӣ˵𣿡
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Ϊǣ֮ĶԹԵȳλܺ͵ʱɽƽӢԼãǴˣǱ½ԺãǴ½֪ҲͲȥʲôɽʦүŵӣֱɽ
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ȸճǰʮĴ޵֣ÿܶԷɱԷֻöԷϵıܻκ󶼻бǴλε֤Ʃ໯λһ飬໯λ۳һëҲиֱ
ȸ޵ֺ󣬱ʮϡƳһʷΪأҲΪֲĳۣʵϣҲ˳֮ΪʥۣΪԺ󣬿ȸų󣬱ɵõۣΪǿߡ
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ȸָһ£Ʊֱ飬Цſ˵ɲܵģҪġ
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ļϣ˵ǸǺ󱲣ȴ˸о硣
һճҽţҿһЩӦÿĶԣ̸ģȸ˵
ʲôӦÿĶʲô̧̧Ƥ˵
Ҫˡȸָָָ죬촽˶ɫ䣬ȸ˵˻棡
ȻȸһЦôĽˣֻƭ˵𣿡
Цһ
ˣº顣ȸ˵
˵ɣ뷨ʲô˵
ʣǱ㲻壬룬Ҹʱ䣬ħ壬빥磬һţȸЦһ˵ҽնţԸǱΣ
Ҫǿǡһۣ˵ӦҲҾǲԸˣԸĻҿȥųɣҲͦİ
㲻ôģӦôĺʲô͵㲻ϲָоġȸ˵
һ̾һ˵Ǹ뷨Ҳܳɹ浽һ죬ɹ˵ĻҿԵûɹҲȥ
ãȸЦһҾ;ˡ
ȵȣڿȸȥʱס˳ʲô
Ҫ𣿡ȸһЦӴǼʥɢ


393 ũ֮һ
Σû뵽Ǳ㿴ˣ㲻ĻͰ˵ĻȥȥĹȻȫҪǸˡ
ϼָļ˵漴ͷƮһ¡аʱˡ
Ů˵ɵľһʯͷйȥͷ֮Һ񿴵һ˫۾

Ӧûдˡ
ŮӾǰ֮У˵ķֻƺ֪ͨʲôõ壬طΪʲôⷢҪֹ˽뵽ģڻǸʲô˼Ҫõʲô
ҲһԣʣµıٸͻȥΪӿҪˡ

ڻ֮УҾ͸оҡҡ׹Ѿʴࡣڻķ֮֮Ϊ̫أȻ
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ǸֻһĴֻɸߣķοյţ֮пտյֻһ޴ͭ¯һʯšͭ¯ĸѾ򿪣ƺϢð
ԣطĵطѾûʲôˣ¯֮еĵҩȡˡ
ɫ̫ÿ˱ɽȴƫƫʲôûеõһ˵ߵ衣
Ҳûйϵûʲô
ϼָӣʥ粽롣ʥҲһͿһ룬޷϶᲻Ǩŭɱǡ
ҲǱһ֮оȻȷء
ֻһôͭ¯ڵϵѰңȴһʱ⵽ϼͭ¯ƺҡæ⣬ͭ¯Աߡ
ͭ¯˸ߣ˻ոܽס
תȦȴûзʲô룬Ȼע⵽ͭ¯ֻţֻžȻŲĺۼ
˵¯һ㲻ƶΪʲôⵤ¯ȴҪƶء
ʥܣæһ¡
ʥҵߣִ棬ֱϵ߸߹ӶҧĽء
ȣ
һȣͭ¯ȴ˿漴չҲվһ𣬳Ǻۼƶķƹȥ
ֱ˼룬ͭ¯Żһ߶ࡣ
꣡
ûǸˣºȻһ˲̾׹ȥֻõôܵˡȻʱȴûһ¡
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ӶЦЩѰζ
㣬ǷɡĸȻһھ͵࣬µ˵
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ҲʥϵܣϼȴȻһЦ˵ʵҲԸʥߴԭ
ȡɣ֪ĿĲũ
ĸһЦȥ
ϼĬƬ̣ҲȥٶȾȻƹȡ
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ͨﳤбŵûһ˿ۣڴҶ壬ûܵ˺ֱֱ¡
ˡ
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һҲˮ
Ǻǣǻ󰡣Ȼֻ˸޹ؽҪС
ڴʱһ̧ͷһȻһˡôĻط·ˣҲʼĹѨعڡ
һȴȻˡ
ֻһȥżʯԵˮʡֽ£һжϣһݣֻʣһɡмһĹϣڵײ룬оŸʯ̨Уʯ̨ˮˮˮλ½Ѿ¶ʯ̨ϵĶ
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ŶܣȴʮߴĽţʼֹµʮˡҲ˼ģȴмһ֮ϣһա
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漴Ϣͱǿˡ
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ŻֱӾͿˣ˿Ȼء
Ȼ˳ȥݵʱȷʵ˳ȥ
ûõģŽ磬Ǹ̬˭ܹȥཹʦ壬ɫЩѿ
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ˣũн磬ܽɣͿԱշ
ʦ˵
ҶʱоǱһبŴڵĴ˵Ϣ̫ǿˣ֮ǰЩƽ׽˵ӣʵ̫
磿æ˳ȥȻ˽硣
ԣȴûа취ԣоҲǺѡ
ԭʼ޽Ĺ֮󣬾͵ȥѰѹĹĴڣֶ֮Ŷȡ֮ΪĹ֮һʧ䣬ǡеõũǾͽũΪˡ
ҵ⿴Žϼֻмũ¶Ķӡ
ˮˮλ½¶еĶֻũԱߣһʯףʯ׺ˮס䲻ȥֻȥʯһߣۣгԻľȵȡ
ߣۣľ
еඦȻһ˻е𶯣漴ûȥ
ɺ
ҵѾںϣһٹ۲һ¡
ȻңԸȥõũĻԣչȻЦȻ˳̤˵һ
ˣ𶯣һ¡


394 ũ֮
չһ𣬵ȴչֵסߵļޱȣ漴âʢչŲȻҡҡ׹ʱչһ֮ǿˡ
ٸ
չ˵
漴𱦹⻪֣̫ҫۣĴ𵤾ɢ漴˼ֱֻʮ̲סͷ˺ˮߵʮ˻
Щȣչסô
øŶԲ֮ڶž޴ѹ·Ҫ˹ͷѹ顣ָоնҵ½һҪǿҽȥչ˵ţҡҡͷظԼ
ǣˣȻȥôʦôȥģ
ҺȻʦڽʬǰն˿ռ䣬ĵʦԼҲȥġ
ҦˣͲ֪ũȱʧһʲô
ܽ磬ũվ˳һԣȴʧܣǹֽе
չĿƺҲڵȴʦش
ʦĬĬŵҩƺ
Ӧǵ飬һ쵽ҲҪңũҵġ
ʦ忪ڣĿ罣漴ָ˵
һ漴һñ˽ߵĹڣҾҪ߽ȥ
ϼһͿʯеڷʱҴĹ׼ȥʱгΡ
չҲУСӣҪ
Żһ֪򲻹ڣƼָҽȥȴֱӺһչʱסԼĶ䣬ƺܵ
ûһ̤˽С
꣡
Ҿ͸оѹһɽѹסҲɵõȥֵŻĴҲû£ΪĴڣһռ֮С
ҵһ£ּѵÿһ¾͸оһٸҡ
ǣ
һ֨֨¸µĲ֪ʲôʱֵסҵĻ˺Һġ
⣬ȥضᱻȥ
ɣɣ
ǻƴɲûлӦңʱҲһƸѹסˡһĿ¶âУΪʲôͲУΪʲôҾһ߹ȥ
ҴһŲ¡
䣡
񱩵ѹϯһѹֱ飬βʣѪҲҡҡ׹ѪҪҲҪ顣
ҵʶģɱҲתоԼҪˡ
ʶԽƮԽԶ
ҿػ
ɣСӹȻܲ˵ɢˣϾҪŻйâɢˣʱЦ
ϼУ¶һ˿ʧ
ԼԼ˭ΧǧħڳצЩɡ
ͻȻģ֣֪д󣬵ȴħ̵ˡ鿪ʼ漴ССģģ֡
ǲ
Ҹ
ҵ֮һȻǺڰеһ˿âĿ־ơ
ˣ
ඦȻըֻԺһͭ޶ȻըںϣΪӣʱҵѪֱʵ
һ
ŻЦʱȻֹչüͷһƣû뵽ٽ
ǸӵĿ£ҲĲ岽
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ڵඦѾѪȫںϣѪŵġ
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ѪϳһѺۣ˫ĿԲ岽Ӵѹһ塣Ѻϣֱѿ
Ѫת
Ȼ𣬶һɺصĸо֪ඦĹͣʹѪһ㣬ӣҾԽս֮ٲᱻ߼ʿѹ
ඦΪӵоٶ֮ඦ֮Ϣ֮󣬾ȻʹѹС
תѪһɣΪ˳Ҹо·ûôļѡ
ʮɣʮɣʮɡ
ֱߵʮɵʱ򣬲ָоѹԽԽǾبšѹңһʪ͸ˣڲʧ
ҾͲţߵ档
ŻֹţʵѾڵĺһ
ղŻ˵߲ˡ
ôԶݺݵĴŻһǶ⣬չиˣε˵һ䡣
˵ʲô
Żһ¾е
ûûʲô
չæס˶䣬˵ǱŻˣѾӰ
ĸʥܼϣરળź̡ƺû˼ЩžŶԱʮˣȴ¶һ˿
ϼͲһˣֲͣǿŭƫƫϲ
ôˣ𣿡
ʥܺȻչϼʵȻҪһĸо
ʱ˿̣ﻢˡ
񱩵һ󴸣ϣԽԽǸоøһѪ³һڿ
ҵպ飬ԽǱ򣬾ԽǼ͡
֪ĳʱ򣬾ͻΪĽ
ֻ̨оɣ˴Ѿһƽֱ̹ͨͨǸʱҵСȹѾѺۣĹͷѡҺϢһ£ҵڴ򶷡
һ˵Ϣһ°ɣֻоɾˣһҲһ
һȴ˵ϢֻҪһϢͻᱻ򵹡
Ǹɥ˵ɣˣϢɡ
һ˵ܷΪˣ
˫Ŀ¶â԰кܶڵҰٴν󱳽޷˵̤һ
꣡
ɷΧ֮ʱʮ˺ȻȻڵλ
Ϊֻǣ㡣


395 ũ֮
ʮ˻˹ֳͭꡣͭ꣬˵ĵطðһֹ֡ʽıʼʽµȫս֮Ϊľֹɸꡣͭ꣬Ҳֹꡣ
ֹֹ꣬ɸֹ꣬Ϊ䣡ôʼʣ
һҲðֻоѹ֣־壬ֲܶһһĻ
ʮ˳ҷǾȻ¥ôߣһһҶûˡûܵѹʱ򣬶ֵסһοʮ˵ĺϻʮˣնĴڶ޷նƣοнֻն¡
ʼʱĹһֶΣȻʮ
ߵҵǰֹꡣĿţûа취
ֹҪ£ɿɬ
ġ
ʱ򣬶ߺȻʦĻ󣬵һ;ðģ·Ҳ˶סˣ·ѿҲϡ
ͬʱһεĲʮ˾ͬʱֹͣ˶
Ȼһ

ʮ˺ƽɽһѴСС飬ÿһпڶʮġʮԴҵǰȻﵽҵؿڡ
ôˣ
ĽϬлᣬҪԴνһս˼һĻ޲֮⣬ཹһĻ̾Ϣ˵
ʦûпһֱۣӣƺ˵Ҳ˵
ཹʱһ˿죬ݵĿû˵
˿漴һ˻˻ͷƤըˣǺԵĪʮˣҲǺԿƵġ
ȻʮÿһԴ˵ҪЩǿгֱ۴֡
漴һֱ۴֣׳ĺԡƬΣͷ϶ɺ۾ΧһȦɫĹȦ¶棬ǿ롣
ԣҪˣ
ԣ
ⶫ˼ɵֻһֻҪΪԵߣɱ¾Ҫɽնɱ֮ȥնɱʮԣʼǧ֮ԲС
ǿмʯ׵Ŀ⣬ҲΪ塣
øʼʡ
ʮأλʮֶ꣬κǣ̫ˡ
Ҫ֣
ʱĸվһԵʯ˵ҶʱҪƿڴʱ˵ʲôȻطһİɣʦ岻ҪӦ
š
û뵽ʦʹӦˣȻյҩʱѾתˣܼ
˻˻
ʮۼžҪԡ
ǡ
ʱϱʮڵӰӣֱûʮԵڣ漴ʮԶʱҷ˻˻Уƺʮʹࡣ
ƣ
ʦ˵
ԼԼǧ˵ֹƳ棬Ǵ֮пԿ˼ĹƳ棬京УֹƳĳ˵ֹƳ棬ôٹ֤Ļͻӡ
û뵽ĸϻС
û뵽Ȼҵֹƣƴɸ޲
ϼһﵽʲôʱµĹơ
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һʱ䣬ʮԾͷڵءĸɫЩף״̴ϲ
Աɡ
ৣ
ʮԷ˻˻ζվλãٵĸԣȿֺĸǸϵ仨
ʥܺͽϼ˶ʱĸԶԶġ
ɫ̫ÿ˭ȷĸ᲻¹ơ
ߡ˵ҲûȤ¹ơĸ˵źһת۱ϼʮԣ鸴ӡ
ôԺȤ
ĸ˵ϼȴҡͷ
ûС
漴ֻԼõ˵һ䣺ϧˡ
ȻֽĿתϡ
ʥԴĸϼֿԼȽԶĸ磬룬㿿
ȴһ仰Ҳ˵Ȼĳũȥ
ʦĽƵļֱЩ˵ѣȴһͨҡ߹ɵʱһ˿˿ѪҺȾȾ˱ļӡڵϣϳһѪ·
ʱҷ֣ˮѾҪס
ʼˮأĺ̨žݡӵݣҪˣ֮Ī֮Ī
£޵ġ
ҳĬţоʼʵ־ڣ̤˶һ𶦵ϡҵ˫Ŀ֮жѪҺݶҧˡ
ǰһԲĶİҲ͸죬ĸߵĵȵȡ㣬¥ߡũǳΣͨɫΪӴ
ũԱߣһ޴ʯףƺũڼʯס
иˣʱҷԼͲܶ
ͺΧĿγ˹彺״ĽҼѹסҵ˼룬ҲЩ͡
ʦ壬ң
ʱ䲻ˣ
ʦʱѾĵҩϣֱƸߵ𵤰תֻһȻٶƸߣһŽӲӵĵԴ˵·֮мֱٴһ·
ת
ʦ壬ת𵤳ɡ
漴ʦ˫Ŀһת𵤶ʱĿն顣
ꡣ
顣
ʦʲôնˣȻͼ֮һϢ۳СС˵Ӱصʦǡ
ģ
ʦնˣ
¡
Ȼһֲѹ٣ֻ֮ж˺ȻһƬ񱩵׵硣׵ϵķڣũѹѷɫΪֲ
ҪǣҲ˽ȥ
ҸոͻأҲҪҲ˰
ȻܵҵϢ͵ıһγֻۣŭĿӡ
ģҪ꼰㰡
æʦ塣
ʦûпңֶס
ҵĽڼСˡ
ıӰɽ
ļƽ


396 ũ֮ģ
ǵصѹۼʦΧĿռ䶼ڲͣѡǿռųΪնռѾݲʦֻǿһۿռѷ죬ѷĴھͱնˡ
ѿռѷնˡ
øڣϵȷۣҲֻʦүҲ硣
ĬĿţֱʦѿռնˣաСĵԼĴڣ׷֣ĻҲ֮Сǿȵףմһ㣬Ҫɢ
⻰ƺƺ˵ཹཹŴԣƷڽϺþãûν
ƢŻҲдһ֡
ߣΪܵϢѹƣʮ䷢˻˻ţȿֺĳΧУʺƬƶ֪µľףĸﳪһװ裬ǵĿȴڽϼϡ
ϼȴƺ⣬ֱҡ
ңȴĿʦ壬Ըκһ롣
ն˿ռ֮ʦϿյףն
ɡ
ʦ˵ʮ֣ƺįƺįƺִżƵ˼
ž
֮Խ䣬ˣعı涼ڷѣΪռѷϡһһ֮䣬Խ̡ʦ壬̺ŭ
֮ŭŭ
ۺȻԾ仯Ϊһ׵磬Ŀ׵֮˸š
ף췣֮ס
䣡
ըֱϮʦ塣ʦûж㣬۾׺ϣ׵˸ȴûʦܵκһ˺ڸϴ
ͺڰʦϴĽʦĽԽԽ
ûʱȥȥ²ˣΪŲʦϣһ㣬ֱҶ
꣡
ҾͱҵһΣ飬ʶҪһҵˡͬʱ䣬ȴʯȥ
ˣ
ʯպ֮תΪҩעϡʱҵ֮ѵĹͷͿʼϣҲ֮ԭȻһ㣬ҲѾŴΣϡ
Ŵ֮ѪҲԽԽԲת֮侹ȻȹΪ
³һ۾
ʱҺȻоԶһȻ岻İεض
⣡
Ҵ󾪣ӻ֣ȴûгɹͣס
ģũٻ
ʦתͷһʦվڵǰ۾ʮͺ¶װĽȥƱˡǰһɽǰ֪УֻԼ
ոնղǾ䣬ĽȻ˵Ϊ
ʦ壬ȻĲ˼ˣ
ѹôǿ׶Ժںʦ̫ǿˡ
ʦ˼ֹ˼һ
ʦĻƽȻλƮ䵽ũϷߴʱҴϵ¿ũò
Ǹεͭɶ೤һɿͺһ޴ķӡڱϣŸַָһ׹ƺҪϣƺٵµĺۼȻûл˵Ǻסɽӡ
УɫҩҺһ
ȥ
ʦ˵
ҵ˵ͷֽ˳ȥڶȥ;УʦĿһɨƤѳмľũҩҺ֮С
ҩҺ֮вã㻺˺ũҩҺǿ塣ꡣ
ˣ߸ʱ֮ڣȻ¡ڣˣ
ʦ˵
ҵ⣿
һ㶣Ȼоһȣһ˳
һö壡
һöɽ֮еõ壬һֱΪǿϴ׵Ʒʱȴ޷ȷˣû뵽ũйϵ
漴廯ΪСҩʱкȻһ硣
Զ֮ǰħͬа
ũũϵ֮Գٲƾ˵ҩȴܵħ͵Ϯ˶ߡũҲʱħײ֮ʱѣײȱһ˿
һ˿Ӱ֮ȫ
һգũ;УΣ֪񼯺Թһ֮޲浤ҩȲ
֮ʱ㿴һҩ䣬ҩ֮飬ȻǡһԲ赡
ũϱоᣬΪ²¾䡣
Ļӡ赣ũգʹ֮ԹȻΪũȱһ飬֮ȫҩΪ붦СȻųɾҩΪһöɫ裬֮գħ˱ܣɿն𣬾ȻΪڶ̫ҫ˼䡣
ҹ֮Уҹ֣ɫľ֮ʱħ
ũΣЦѪȻһͷײũɱȻΪһɲݡ
ũԣȻ赲ų⣬ɲ֪δɲصֱһ죬ػھع֮ʱȻҵ
һɲݣҲػɵ
Ҳǣ𵤣
ԭԭ
ĵɣҵõ徹ȻҦ˵ȱʧһ顣ʱũһҩͯĿũ֮£ǰ´˳ȥмءҦߵʦҲ֪ӺδõҩͯĴС
ƺڤڤж
Ҳٳ֣ڣս
ʦͷŲһڿնһӣƮȻȥ
Ҹոʦʲô˼Ѿ뿪漴ವһũ·һУȻܿۺϡ
ˣ
ũԭʱգũҲɢâסҰҲܶⲨƵɶȻʼ
漴类ũ˻ȥ
ũʧڲǶȡũʱ
ЦӥգɱʱҲܶƾͽƤۡ
ʦѾȥΣˡ


397 ũ֮壩
ʱ˿ڹؼʱܵţ˶ãۼҪ̤
ҾҪ
ҪũΣƷӦҡ仰ȻЩգȴΪж
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ʱ򻹸Ҷ˵仰ģֻ
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챻סŻʱŭûӡ
ӴȻᱻʿסȻ
ཹʱǺһЦ˵
ƨ
Żʱŭ漴תۿʥܣ͵ȥСӣҪ
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ɱҵܵܣʹҵȭͷɡһһ·˸͵Żǰȭͷϻһ¡
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ף
Żһ˦ֽԼתֱ̧ۣͷҵ
վ˫ֿ͵ˡ
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ȻͬԼ˵Ⱳӻֻѧһ£Ǿ͵͵Ĺ͵
͵ҵܺ𣿡
ŻȴǺ⣬һЦ
ԣʱһ漴ѪҺ漴ѪҺȻֱȼ
ǣ𣿡
׵
ǵ޵ĻԹն֮֮𡣴˵̳㺣߸ɢͯӺ캢̫Ͼӵ𣬶
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ŻĻ𲢲𣬲ȻĻһӾܽճɻҽ
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ŻЦһһƾȥ漴ֱһͣһֱסͣǰһˣֱ۵͵ߣ漴ڵϡ
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͵͵ģ˭
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˶ǽתǲȴǼͨʿĿҲҪûӵֻľҪˡ
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Ŀһ䣬һӵ֮ǰĵ档
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Ժ󣬺Ȼϵѿһӡ
УһŸɿݵסཹ

ཹɫ΢΢һ䡣
ʱҲס
ٸĸһʼͽˣʲô˼ҳչе𣬻˵䵱ɽе置𣿡
չߺȻðһ˿̣һֱƳ֨ѽ֨ѽĽ
۾ֱĸֻЦеĿųչ˸̸˰રવĳšԣ̸ڽŵ׿˿ۣ˻ȥ
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ĸһʼͨʱ򣬵һľǳչչĹƳ档
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չָĿһ
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СͰĵɣ˺ȥͶ̥
Żһϣʱȼʴýڡûж㣬վŻǰʱŻѪȴЦ
УץһŻࡣ
ǣ
Żʱͷһ·ѿһѿڡʱһͣչס
ǽתģһ࣬ҪԼġ
͵Ķ죬ʦˡ
ǣһЦŻ󱬡
ܣ
౬ǿоѪֱӽȼ£Ŀ⿴ǸߴӰ븧ȴѾץ

ɢʿĲ࣡
ʱһӴϢũϴɱ֮


398 
ũϢ˱ŰֱӽڸոԲѪѿһۼʹһըҶʱƺһŻѪԶ
ֻѪУһֱ֮ӱũգתҵ壬ѪΪת
ҸоϢũҩΪͣȻϢƽ
⣡
̿ˮĵˡ
ģ
漴Żŭ޴Ȼһ챯ǻ
簡
ʥܣ˶סŻҪ
¡¡
ʥܱסŻʱ𵤷ɳм䱬ըʱ̳
ʥܣŻͬھ
䣡
ΪӴѪֱũǧֱɱҵڣԭת𵤶ʱһһըһۼ
ת
ǿϢҾȻƲסЩ嶼ըˣҪƵãѪҺʱҪҡҵ֮УһɱŰϢѪɫп磬ȻһҪȫɱĳ嶯
ħ
˿ƽϢԼϢ
ڴʱʥܵýϼ˹ȥһʱʧ顣ཹʱץס˻ᣬָڽϡ
ν
ͣ
һâֱ̽ϼϹâ䣬ϼԺĿУ裬ֱཹཹ⧲С
漴˿ףǺϵʱΪһź
ϼ˳ֳ͸ɫΪһĻ꣬Ʈ˹
Ůӿʯ֮Ȼתͷ˵˵𣿡
תͷȥҲʯסʯԵ׹ľͭЦߡǣΨӦΪڵˣȴ档
ʼʵĹѨȻǿյģûУ
뵽һ˫۵ˣҡҡͷ
֪˲ڣˡѾˣˡ
˵
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ҦǷģʱ򣬾Ȼûио
̫ˡ
ԭͨУΪ˱ĳЩڻȡ˴ֶһĴھͱĨȥҺѹܻҲꡣ
ϼ˵꣬Ϳʼɢҵģһʹ
ֻǰһð˰ˣӦûɢԵٰѾԻɣŵ꣬СΡ
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ʶңʶŵꣿ
һӦоũһ𣬶ʱʮӴֱҵѪһѪ𶯡תͷȥȴĸָʮͷԣסչչ껹⣬֣ʮͷȥֱӻΪ
ɣ
ʱĸ³ֻƴĽɫƳ棬ǵıϳųչʯͷɱͬʱĿУһֻһֻԳԵ
ĸһָڵĹƳԱͬʱչһ˵Ϣɢȥ
һһѪвȵļ̫ˣôӴҸо˶鱻ѿũڲϽҵ޸֮䣬֮Ȼգඦ֮ѸѪ֮Уʹȶ
ҷ֣ҾȻܶһֱֱˡ
ĺã
ĸЦʱȻоһʹһؽԴ¶
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ཹ˳ֽԸնɱ漴ЦһҲĺá
ҸоѪ𣬽ũɱ֮ȫգȻһһѺۡ
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400 
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403 ᶦ
ũ𶯣ֻо΢ͭĶ·ŵ𶯣ũٴСֻмظߡеҩҺȫʧˣмĵطһУһ岻ӿУем䣬һССĹ㣬ֻС
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ԭǱũɡԼˡˣ

Ȼũ΢΢һƺҪ˵ʲôֵģȻ֪ҲĻҸоƺڱʲô˼
飬ֻԽǿǵʱԽͺ˵֮еЩȻԼ꣬Ȼ󻹿һ㡣ͱЩҲ뱾档ͲһˣԽǿ󣬾ԽԲǡ
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նɱΪҳһôΪС
Զͳ»ϲ飬
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֮һѪᣬȻ֮ۿݽˣѪÿ񱩣ƶգ漴ΪҺףֱڴʱնʿȥӭסǻû˵طѾҺϴһ飬Ϊɻҡ
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׺ϣ漴ϻһ޴ĵ˷ԲﷶΧνĹ֮׵ºȻ飬Ȼݺײڵر
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ũ֮սȥֻ̲򵥡׵žţɱɱ׶ˡ
ҸоõҵѪ˾ũת֮󣬸
Ѫ֮УһϢԽԽǿ
ҸоżԽԽӽƫƫǲôЩ
̳֮ɢȥѳɷ棬Բ֮ڻΪһ޴ĿӶдڶɳӡ
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408 ƴ
һģǷ壡
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ҿȵʦ壬֪ʦָҡԭ֮ո͸Ӱ֮ǰ⣬ʵһʱ壬ֶһɱС
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ʦȻɫһףҸоϢȻһ͡
Ҷʱ㵣ʦˣ½ɵʦ壬ȻҲˣ
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ʦԹ֮Թ˴סʱʦն˹˴˺ѷ졣ǵԼԼնһȻƹ˴󣬵ʦϲһ
ʦԼնԼ
ȻֻʦܴԼ
ʦ壬ôˡ
Ҫȴ֮еĽԽԽǿԽԽ
ڵһץȴһɳ֮бץҿ֮ǰǼپʿ֮һʮûκ˿ڣҲûֲʿЩ
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ԭپ嶼ᱻ𣬾ʿһǷ⣬һҵ׽ٹâ´һ֮˱졣
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Ҳ˵ֻҪһŲתĽ𵤣ƴɾתˡ
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ũŰɣҵĽܵ𻵣ҲҪȥɽɣ䣬ԼԼȥҵĽѾΪؼʱΪǽɳҪأݲ°ġˣһȥչءɽ֮ɽѰҡ
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ʦĽȻûۣԽԽǿ
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ȴһʦõ۵ݸ˫ۣ˳ҸоΪǽ𵤰תȴΣաԱǸĬĳˣǽ𵤾תЩѹ
Щ죬Ѿ޵𵤣ΪǻܸΣոо
ղţҾûиоǡ
ǣ֮ܽӦ˽ף
ƴ˵
о֮ƺɽڹͨ䱩֮
棬ȻǶɽˡ
ɽȻס㣬ȷʸ񱻳ƺһʦү
ʿЩ֣ʮֳȣҲκεļꡣ룬˵ɽѾˣȲˡ˾ͲӦٻΪʲôƫƫ֪Ҫ֡
ҳĬ˲ٻ
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ңصһ绰֪Ҳŵ꣬ȴػԸҲҪȾҡ۵ٻ
ĸ磬ҷ

ҵĽҲ
һѪУ̬ѾһС
ĵˣȻҲɽ
˻û˵漴Աֳһˡһֱ֣һ̹Ľ죬һߣͺһһ֣ͲƺҪӰҵ
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˽ҵıҵԴͷҲûֱ̧סһ
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ũһһ˸׹֡
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409 үү
ҵԺ֮Уƴɵʱ˳ҵֱͶ䵽ǿĽ֮ϡʱ𵤲貵ĹâյתȻವһֱû׹֮С
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ŻƴɵȻһȻʧĸоǸΪ˻ţѧеĻƴɣе·ϸĻƴɡ
ӴԺ󣬶ҵ֮г֡
ڻƴɳȥ֮Ժ֮жʱһƣǧ
ŵĴУƺҪѿȴֱѹ
زѾ׽ѹ
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ڴʱһǰת𵤵ʿһն˹׹˸
ȴûг֣ҸоʱĻƴɣƺҪȥ

Ȼһ˻ƴϣȻû𵽰ֵáһǣǽ׷Ȼƴϵ׸ˡ
ľ֮Уƴһֱֽץס

ƴֹͣ˲³һ𽥱˴Ǹģ
ΪɬŤŤӣƺʱûӦ
ҪѣǻƴɵԽԽ漴Ȼըڽƴɵը
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ҲЩ˼飬ƴɵ壬ôǿ
ɽʿϧǧ괫֮棬֮ΣɲǵΪġƴ۾Ҷʱ۾һ㶡
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ʱΪģγУ֮оȻ˾ҵķ硣û꣬·ǻۣײ֮оȻһ˿˿׵硣漴׵ԽԽ࣬ȻΪ˸׹š
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ͣ׹ⱬ䡣ֲ׹⻯Ϊһɳֱ̻ƴɡ
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ƴɱУֱ׷ʮףײ˼ô֮ײһ޴ʯֱӱʯ֮С
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㣬㣬ܣ
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ƴɷ·һ磬ವֱնɱꡣ


410 Σ
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ֻü³һ֣㿴ƴӢЦ漴ƴһСӦûУͱƴһУ漴֮͵һֹͣ
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ʱо֮еˮֶɺԣѪҺûСˮ˻ʱ˥
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תʹõҷµĴ󣬵ȷǹȻũҲʱõģûΣյʱҲ̫ܵɽƽ⣬ҲѹʹũԼɽ໥ų⣬Žġ
ҪȻһһֱӽũȥһȥһǲˬˡ
Ҳ˵ʦүǻǲҪʦүҵȿǾնɱɽһλʦܵħ
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ҺȻоŵʵͦģתôζǱˡɽͽͽһȺûĸεļһôôʧܡ
ħ𣿺Ǻǣոλ߼ɽ֮ɱǣӦðնɱ
ƴɺȻһЦ֪ʲô飬йâ˸
ҺȻƴɲս̵ķӦڷҵģôһ˵͵ųڡ
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ʱ򣬻ƴ׹ɢݣ͵һӡ׹⳯򱬳壬漴ռѷ졣
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ŴƵʦǽʦ˵һͷһۻеĻƴɣָһĵ
Уʱ޷ֱӽնɱģǿնɱһǲ൱ͬʱתʦԣҪǣǵķ档
ԹҵķҶ޷ֱڷϣǶǿǿȻ޷ֱǵ
ת뿪Ϊ֪ƴɴûʧ
˲ʱ䣬ɽһյأͨɽΨһһ·ұ
Ǵʱʮ𵤰תĵʿڴˡ
ҵʱԴ󱱶Χס
Σǵʱˣ
Զ̨ϣһʦվƿȫ֡
Σգ


411 磬
ʮŸ𵤰ؾĵʿʦõģҲɽʽӡ߸һȻ߸һ󱱶󣬽Сǰ벽ѪʮŸˣǾת𵤵ĳϣκһҵĶ֡
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ʦүҪ£żˣǵóѡ
ڴʱɽһߣ˼ʮʿнת֮ϵΪЩʿͨĵۣɫһ˿ɫܾöûӪƵáǵǿҵʱҸоǵĻƺҪҶҪȼˡ
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412 ټ
ɽԹһأʺС
ΪնţȷøΪܣԶԶȥɽ嶼Ǻ֮УƵķӦǽɽǱˣɽ壬Щɽϵľڲ֮󶼻ȥȻ󲻻κεĶ
㰴ڵܶȣҲҪָܻ
Ϊʮʿ𵤰תĴۣ˵ɽȫĴۣɱȡѡ
Ȼܲпᣬɽѡ
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ȻǱɽ䣡
ⱳɽƴ֮ǰ˵ͬһ㣬˼ñʩǱһɽһԽЧԽǿ
ʺ׷ɱˣ
ڱԷ˱ɽ䣬Ҳ˵ҪҪܣûиղôˣ
һλ̫³çˣΪԼȸȴԼƺҪˣ
ʱҪѡӣǾǲˣ
ֱͣת׷ɱļˣɫ
ʱó˱ɽĵʿҲѾ׷ǰˣϹһ˿Ũĳ֮⣬Цſ˵ܰ㵹ܰղܵòǺܻ𣿡
ҿǵʿ˵˴ˣ
һ߿˵ţһߵԼũҩʼѸٵĻָԼڵ
ţܾ裬ҲҪţҲöԷڻпԿٻָƵ
˵˴ˣǵʿ˵ĻҲЦһ£˵ʵҸտʼ˵Ҫ׷ɱʱ򣬻е㺦µģΰʦүͷתôùأķʱҷԼȷǶˣǿʳ޳ǰδʮת𵤣ɽɽʦүôڵ㣬ҵ°ܽˣ
ʱũƺҲҽŵϢϴҩҲʼӴһɹǿҩʼѸٵĥƽڵơ
ҿԼҩɢȻǵʿ˵ɣȻ֪ʦת϶ҲвٺöҪǰҸЩöɶģǷߣҸұ֤ǺöģﻹһЩɽһǧ϶ص
㻣˭أǵʿȻô˵ɫѾһЩ⶯ˣȻҵЩ˵вСջ
ҵڻϽһֱͣһԼʶĳһŹţ˵֮ǰǸʮ޼ķǰ벿֣ߣҾͰѺ벿Ҳһ㣡


417 һ
ŴǵʿǰʱʿҲæ˵ʦ֣п϶թСӿ϶ᰲʲôģʦ彻Ķ𣿡
Цһ£۾ǰǸ֮ΪʦֵˣҺھԵǰûܹܵס
ȻͷʱǸʦҲ˵Ҳʦ嵽ô˵ģи컯ǰʮ޼ĻôҾͰⷨǣǵ컯ǰһｻʦãôĺô𣿡
ʦֻ䣬ҲĬˣԵϣûܹܵסջ
ǸʦֿŷǰĹţҧҧòҪͼƭңҷⲻʮ޼Ļͻĺܲҵģ
ҵ˵ͷ
Ȼʦǹţֱʶ棬۾Ӧ˺һʿڴĿУ˵ͷ˵Ȼʮ޼ûƭң
ǵ˴컯ˣһʿɫ˷ܵĿ˵
һʿ˵ʲôɫһ䣬һѪ˳һ㵵ĿŸʦ֣˵ʦ֣㣡
ǸʦЦΪҲ֪ʲôݣʦĶĿǵһһ㶼ᱨʦ壬ɱ㣬˾ˣ
䣬Ǹʦɱ˵ˣҲ̱
һʿ㵵ĿһĻЩŵĿ˵ʦ֣ǣ
ʦֿ˵ѵû˵ʦõĸ߲ͲǣÿСŶа˶ĿǸĿɱǸûа취棬ϸ룬ʦ֪Ϊ̰īʮ޼εĻǵ³ʲô
ʦֻ䣬ǸʿҲĵ˵ͷȷǲ
ûǸʿӦɫһףһѪ˳ֱ̱˵ϡ
ʦ֣㣬ΪʲôҪɱң
ʦЦһ֪ȻԽԽã㣬ҲҪ
ˣˣʦܣʦĶĿһУıǸʿЩĿ
ʦЦЦ˵㻹̫ףⲢܷ
ЦſǰһĻһ˿ѪĹһһУȻ棬Ӱʦֵɵġ
Ҳûʲôֻ̰¼ֱʦΪ˶ħ
ûзӦֻǺۣ˵ʣİ벿ʮ޼أң
Ҫ𣿡ҿŸʦ֣ѯһ¡
ңʦֿں
Ǿ͸ɣЦһʣһʮ޼ʮ޼ǸʦЩȲĿʼ
ʱڵҲũҩʼѸٵĻָţҵĿʼ˷
ٸʮҵʱ䣬ӦþָܻһƵģʱǰʦ־;Բҵĵˡ
ʵѾɱˣҪɱĻҺòײŻָõƣҪٴζˣҵõȵֱָܹնɱĳ̶ȣٰԼҰĸ¶
һǸʦڰʮ޼׵ˣ۾о˷ܵɡ
Ϲû뵽ȻϹǴ컯
ĿŸʦ֣˵ڣ뿪𣿡
ʦֵ˵ͷ߰ɣ˵㻰˵ߣҾͻߣ
ãֱתʼ
ڸӣֻҪٸӣҾͿնɱʦˣ
ͷʱ򣬾ͲһϮһԱȥǸʦ֣˵ʲô˼
ʲô˼ʦЦſң˵ұŷߵģϸ룬ߵĻͷҪڱϣ˵ɱʦܵĻô죿
ԣҾã飬ֻһ֪ıȽϺãʦЦſ˵꣬ͳ
ҺʱǱɽҲѾɢˣҼӿٶȿʼʱܺӲƴӲ
ʦּˣҲЦſ˵ܰɣ֪ˣôȥܲģ
㵽ҪôܷŹң˵
㻹ԶɣܹܲıסǸʦֿ˵
ҪңʱѾоٵܶҺòЩָֿʼЩˣ
㣬ôˣʦЦſ˵ڰҵɳ
Ǹˣһ䡣
ȥɣʦֵٶ͵ؼӿ죬Ҫ׷ҵʱҰγԼѪУ˵ɱңѲƺ䲻ˣ
ƺʦͣס塣
ҰѪ˵˽ΪѪУҵĲƺķߵĻұ˴˽ϵ˽㣡
ͣڵҩʼֲͣ
ѪУʦֱѪУѪﲻͣĲţһ
ýȻһѺýȥ˽Ϊѳԣǽϵұһʦֿ˵
ҲɫЦЦ˵ҽѽҪһʱ䣬ʱڣڵӡǱ˷ֵĻ
ϻǶֻܸ࣬סӡһӣ˾ͲˣʦֱӴһӣڵǸ׷ɱϢסˡ
ס󣬸ʦҲ˵㣬ȻҰס׷ɱϢˣҪ·Ҿͱסˣ
ͷϲʮӣˣ
ǵģʮӹˣһָȡ㹷


418 ũ
Ǹʦ˿û׹ʱ䣬ȻŰҿܣ˵ʵٶҲԸ̫ɱˣϾڵ൱һѵ˰һֻҪڣҿרĵĻָƣȥܵûеˡ
ԭֻҪӻָҾͿԳɱʦˣڵĻҾʱӳٵʮӣϾһѵĴ֣˭ʧȥ
죬ʼ۾רĵĿʼָԼ
ʮӣֻҪʮӣҵӦÿԻָ˾ųɣʱҾĲҪʲôˣ
֮ǰ˵ȥףƾֵĹؼ
ɽ׵ȷǺĵطѵʲôؼ
һ㻹ҷˣ˵֧Ű£µʱ䣬˵Ҳ̫ȴҲ̣ʱʲô鶼пܻᷢ
һʼٵĻָ
ȫעȥָʱҲˣũʼһЩ궯ҩƵĻָʼӴˡ
ٶȵĻʮһڵƲͿԻָˣ
һϢ£ֻҪָܹΪֱ˵
ʱ俪ʼһһȥڵҲʼĻָ
ʱ䵽ʮӵʱ򣬸ʦֺȻ˵㵽׽ûУʦõѾֲԾˣ߼ˡ
ţҵ˵ͷ֪ȥҾҪˣ˵زֱܾɱʦ֣ȻҸطָƣȻȥǱ߿ʲôƾֵĵطɣ
һ뵽۾Ÿʦֿ˵ˣ
ˣʦֵһ˿ϲ⣬˵Ͻң
ѪУ˵ҪĻԼã
ûȸʦ˵꣬Цһûˣ
ʲô˼ʦһ㵵Ŀң˵
ûʮת𵤵һֱԼѪУѪзֱӱһĽ
һûȸʦַӦһֱӳŸʦն˹ȥ

һֱӽʦֱֵ۸ն䣬ʦֲҽźţѪҪǮĴĶϱ۴ӿ
ЦųŸʦһղţƺҪɱң
㣬ʵˣʦȥסϱ۴һֵĿң˵
ƲƲ죬ֱѪһĳŸʦȥ˾ͲҪôˣлл㣬㣬ûôָƣ
㣡ʦһ־Ŀңָң˵
ֱϣȥץסԴѻһʼٵʶЦſ˵εĶôߵģҵģ͸ǧٱĻɣ
ֱӴһģֱӰѸʦʶеĳһӾȻֱӸĳʮţһžʮ޼Ұʮ޼˻ȻʣĹȫˣΪҪҵѹ׷ɱİ취һŵʱҲûзǸš
ҲЩʧʱǸʦֲŴӻлָң˵㲻ɱң㲻ɱңɱңɽԲŹģ
ѵĴʥصĵӳ˻ɽģһе䵱ɽĵҲô˵ôˣЦſ˵
ôˣʦһ£ѯʵ
ԼµȥǰɣҪɱǸʦֵʱ򣬺ȻһɽһֱӴֱӳҵѹ˹
ҸоԼĺһͣ˵һͿһʿʮ˳ҳ˹
ǸҶˣұ㲻úʿҪԸʦֱ֣ӿں
Ц˼ǣҲɱ
ʦңʦֿ˵
˵ˣɱ˴ˣұҪ㲻úʦ忪˵
ǵЦӵǿܸоǸʦѾ˰벽ĳ̶ȣôˣһǳԽնϾʥأóԶ٣ʲôĲ
һΪĻҲСˣЦȻ㲻Ҫɱˣ
˵꣬Ҷ˶٣˵һҪɱˣ
ʦ壬ңʦֿں˺ѷΣ
СӣңǸʦ壬Ҳŭһ䡣
ȴ·ûһֱһŶ˸ʦֵԴϣֱӰԴȳࡣ
Ҹɱ˸ʦ֣ʦֱӷһŭһǿϢӿЩӣҲȫʦһһ𣬻۳һɱҪǿƳѹ˹
ֻоԼĺͷһ𣬸ջָƣȻж񻯵ƣ
ã
СӣȻұȫˣ֪ɽˣôɱãʦЦһ˵󣡡
һջǺӣʥû
Щһ˲䣬ҸоЩӺʦ·һ壬ǣͺǣһѽ
һѷޱȵİԵ
֮ʥƷҲ̳硣
⽣ϢУҾȻܹоһɾ⣬ңϢô˵أͺǣũɢǹӣҸоѹֵʥϢ
ũһȻ٣ȴĵȷȷʥϢҸоЩ㵣
ף˼û뵽ôˣҾȻоѵϢǴѵģ
ʱһϵҵ
ʲô
ûҷӦũһֱӳգһɰԵޱȵʥϢϱ
ԭѹĽ⣬ũĿֲϢ£ֱӱݿػ


419 Ѩ
ũϰգһϢ϶Զ·ããĮѵĹſħҪһΥ֮ĥһϢһͽɽ֮ѹסȻҲ֪ǲϵ˭ֱоԴ
ũ
ʶ֮пļ䣬ҲԼԼĸоũũ𣿻˵һʽš
ʦ۵һѪ˶ʱҲѳֲס
ũ죬ȼ£
ʦʱѪҺ磬ڵҲ֪ΣգʱȼվѪǿ
Ҹоз·ˣܴû˵ʱҲֵܵũ֪Ϊʲô˹ҵλסҵΪӣ
Һ⣬ũ˵Ǹʲô˼
ԭǽγɵһ˿ϢϧϧѣҺʱ
ϵ̾ϢԭĮ֮вϧ
ͺԶҲ
ˣũϹʮ֮һܹѵģǽģĪһ
ԣҪũĻѵ˵
죬ӴȣһҪũȥȻȴСǧһܳŹġʦе¶ϲɫ
ʱũʱΪԼܷ̣ʱС
еʱɽϵľѪƻȼֱʵũ
ũΡȻƺڳ˼һȻһ𣬷·ʮַŭ
Ѱ·ұȫȡѵҪˡȣȴȲ֪Ǳȥɣ
ũ΢΢һ·𽫿ѹˣȻת
ˣ
ֻתһ£ҡҡ׹ȫʿѪȻũתһ£ǵĽҲ޷ά֣ͭƵˡʱũͺһḥ̂еһж˶ӡ
ũתһ£ǱɫһףѪȥʦ壬ȫ¡
ʦ¶˿־壬ڵϡ
ҪʦүʦүТͽʦүҸʦʦүϣһ
ҵֱң˵ľǸղǸҴ˵ˡû뵽Ȼʦõû뵽Ķôʦ岻ϿͷԸ
ʦǰɣ㳢׷ͺڷ˵ζ
Ӧն˰ɣиֶ
ˣ
ũתһΣ˶ѹʬ嶼ѹ˻һҡũϣǶ»յġ
ǾѪȼյͣΡ
Сӣ֮ʶѣȴãΨֻܰһΣѡܳһʱ㶼ʹũĹܣȻ˵Թ죬ж;пҪע⡣ԣ˵ػȥɡ
ũ£֮еʶƺΪ漴һﰵصҵ֮ϡ
쿪ƣǶư޹⣬ƺģƾҺûзӦҶûü˭ʱ򣬲ԶһŲ֪ʦõĵˡ
ղô󶯾ôܲ˷֡
æ뿪źɽضȥ
紫ҽط֮ȥضԭģʲôҲ˵һ
Խǽӽ֮еĳһвĸоԽԡ
ᣬǳɽԴ󷨰ɡ
ϸһȴûзֻǾƬɽ嶼Թ͹
ͺ֮еĸо·Ķ㡣
ԽԽǾûҶ˴Ƭݶڿή
ЩҶƬϾȻпҧĺۼƺǱʲôʳݵĺۼԼʳԶһ·һֻﶼûпӶûһֻǿ߳ϣǳ˹ԣͷҲͨҪЩ
ر󣬾ȻһֻһЩ
ȻûĹôǿɸëȻĸо
ǰ棬ˣ֮дҵĹʧʱҲǸ˶һὫɱġߣǱߡ
ʱ˲ԶĽҶʱһŷ֣ΪȻ䵽ת۷塣ҸоõַӡֻҪ뿪ɽķΧͻ⿪ʱȴû취뿪
Ų߸ˣתת飬æܡ
߸ˣǽתΪҾϣҲñѹƣֱնɱ
ѡܣΪ뵽һ¡
Ϊɱʹ弫ΪǿڶǷ˵£˭ҵĶ֡
׷ҿĽӡˡ
ǵӹЦֱ׷
¶ɬĻͷȻ뿪ȻҵٶѾСǸոպ׷ϵٶȣǱҹϷˣ֪
˲֪ãҸоɽ֮ɭɭζԽԽأϵĸҶ֮жҺ塣
һɹҶõζҵıǻط
ΪطһʬĺõطҪʦջһϢ
ʱҵΪ½ֻתҪ֪ҵķҶܶûô
ôˣܰ
ֻʣתΪɽ󣬶ңһֱ䡣
΢΢üЦŵһһ
漴飬ȻȥֱӽһնɱǻûзӦʱ򣬷ҶܷƮķҶ֮УѪзֱٻ˵Ĳӡ
ҽһ˵ֱۿϡ
ֻͣ˵ȥʲôҪɧҡҪȻĻҲ飬һɱһһ˫ɱһ˫
ҳһϣȻԺкȻоԼƺǷŹһˡ
ΣӲĵġ
˵ңȻתȥ
Ӳģ
ֲҲӣ°У֮ͻֱӱֱ
ƬɽԽ߹ԽǱơ
·һƬ֮ʱҺȻ俴һڵĶѨ


420 
Ѩ͸һӣһЩľԽ߶ѨסˣϸͿ⵽ҲΪֵũȻũϢ΢ɷһ˿˿
·طʱũȻȻҾͷѨожںҡ
ǰСֻɿ΢΢һԽ˹ȥ
ɾصʱȴ˼ЩǶѨȻһѨôܾ޷
ȻֵǣũֻƺҽȥС
ȥʲô
ͷȻ˵ֿ
ʱ˵裬ⶴѨȻЩ֣Ϊôֲ
žણ
Ҷʱͱ˶Ѩ֮УڵϷѨƺ綼ƵãһƬڡҵΪҲȫӡʹڳΪһ壬ûˡ
ֱͨˡ
ͨʲôħն˶ͨˣ
ܵǽڣоһʪϢƺ˵غǳʪ漴ҺԥĴۣʱҵгһɫ硣
ۣԿƽʱҿ磬ҴʱͨȻһɵƥͬʱĴͨ
ͨǽҿ׵֣ͺһŤ
ȻʶЩ֣֪Զġ˵һЩǻ֮ˣظֶ֮ƾЩ·дһģľһ֡
һ·ߣһ·ЩģԵЩ֡
ҺЩʶЩ֡
ѨһӣߣֺԽԽǿҡڼţƺ˵һؼӢ۵¼
ʱҿߵֱˣƺʼ
ȻͨĶʼһĻĻ档
һʼкܶʳһڵĸоһ죬콵綼ˡŻģһЩ޴ͷѡ
ЩͷĴˣŮɽ
ֻ취ͨ취
ʱеõʾҪ֮һ¸ҵսʿһ𶦻֮һŮӳԡȻֻҪͷŮӣͻָԭ״
˱ֲܿûáǺʵûа취ˣֻհ졣
ͷŮȻΪһͷ֮صͷУЩͷȫԹ⡣
ºܼ򵥣ȴʮֲ̡
Ҳףνָʾġģô̵
ҳĬһ᲻ҲѪ顣
ôũ
ֻҿеĶеĶ̫ˡ
ǣ
ʯڵĻλãͱȤֻУǽһͷ˹ײȻҲĹ
ڿеʯڳһۼ·ɽɽڶڿˡ
ȻǽЩ֣бͷ˺˵ˣ϶ӣȻ뿪ЩΪ¸ҵ˲ġ
ӣײľˡ
ƺӿԷֹЩͷٶȳˣʹϲ죬²ŵء
ף
ʵ֮У˵֮һطףȻȴûҵõǸط
һʯң
ĩ˵ʱ򣬳ؿһʯҡǽҾʹźþòƽϢԼ顣
ʯ֮Уİʮ߹ײġ
ЩײڵģֻЩˣһЩײŰ߲ĶѣƺµĸʴЩǻ֮УǽϵЩײİɡڲԶĵطײĵһߣеʬ˳Ҳִ·
ҺȻоʯ֮ɭɭģһɹɷڴš
ǺķֱҲ࣬ͺĲӳͺǶ
ûк£ӵվš
˵һѻ𣬷ֱǼϺͷѻҲ˵֮ԴйҪѻȻһյϨˣ
֮Уûη֮ģѻͻǿȡ
Ż𣬾ԭ
ҶˣЩ˸һһġϣЩ˶ԵĴ
Щ˱ǣվﶼһѣĸо
ԭ
ҿŹײĶѨһɢȥۣѪһײĵԱߣҿһ鱮Ɱдţĳ巢ߣȻļʲԽЩ˵طʹﶼܵ
˵ֶ֮Ѩܱ
ֻȴ̫ţΪʵ˵
Ҽ˼ײģΪЩη壬һЩõĻ䣬Ҳû˵ʲô
߹˼ײģʱŷ֣ԵĵطȻһ˸ߵķ϶ӷ϶֮⿴ȥȻһϸߵ¡
ڰУ
Щֱ
תʱһ¶ʬ壬Ȼ۾ֿЦˣ¶βݣѪҺֱ
ɽʦá
ʿֿʦͼþò
Ա߹һ꣬ɽսšʱȴĶͷΪ֪ʿһ
ϾӰ
֣ȥ֮СһҪˣûǲҪȥǱߵĺáɢ˰ɣ
ʿɬһЦ漴Ŀⶨ˻ǵ˵ϡ
ŵꡣ
ǣ
갵ңȻӦȻɿȥᷴƵá
ʿֶǷ֪ʲôһֻ֣ͷѾ֪˶ãõԼôĶˡ
Σŵꣿ֪ҵȵ̫ˣ
ʿսļӱķס


421 
ҲʲôڿңǵһͷʱָоˡҲ֪ʲôʱʼҵĵӱˣӵʬҶ޲ƺֻǼʯͷѡҲоԼʧͨľ
һصǰ
ɽ֮вԹұʴ壬·ҪýӲȴǸоҵѪڲϵתƺΪΧϢûԾɱѹס޷
üͷܡ
ʱͨų⣬ǽȥˣôҪҳ·Ǹʯڿа׸ߣ˵͹ģȻҵСȥܲվס
Χţܡ
ȴûпÿ߹һ߹ײĵʱǹײ֮оͻ¶һ˿Щ¶ʬϣ뿪һӾ۾ҡÿһͷʱ򣬾ͻоЩĿȻջȥ
ô£
й
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422 
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423 ײ
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424 ߳
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425 ˭
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437 ֣֮
Ѫ֮еʿԹɷûҽӴ㽫Ŵ̵ۡǿҵԹֱֱҵԺͺҵ֮һըƵã㿪ɱ䣬ҲԹɢ
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439 һ
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440 ѿ
һ̣ǰ˸ȥֱ硣һѪҺһ̵̶̵ʱҿһŲƺûа飬ֻǵȻɫۺҪ˴

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441 ᶼ
ѿǣ㡣
ıͷβ׵ǴѿһӣгֽӲӵĹâ漴ѷ컺ȻһενɫҺʳЩҺֱڰϣַҲ뵽ϣʹýʵ
ŸĽҺںϣÿһƬۼϣַ֣Ȼ󻺻۾
ͺһڿεһȻֺɵһ㣬ζŸĻ壬߸˵ĳȥһڣƬֺ̣ˡȻɵɵ׽Ÿ磬ƺˡ
ļֻӣʱİѾǸղŵİ㣬Ժðôͷ
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˵
죬ΪʲôҪȥ죿
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һسǣᶼֽᶼǡ˵֮е֮ۺڴ˵س֣Ȼʧִ˵Ҫȥֻط
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Ǳƣۺʧ١
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һʱ·ڵ˵еĹǣֻ˵أȴҴһ


442 ѹ
ᶼʱǰ졣ԪѾΪһĻԿڹԪصӰеĵطߣеĵطģӰеĵطɫʳᶼǷ羰һΪɽ羰һΪʯ̷羰
ҵᶼɽԶʱ򣬱㷢֣ο൱ϡ٣Ȼеʿ
ְôһչʾֵķ羰Ȼŵʿ
Щʿһˣ۾͵ĽǶסҪһ仨ĻЩοʹƵö㿪
ҾɵǣЩʿȻ䵱ɽĵʿ
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Щ֣ոճͶЩʿָʹһ̫үļơ
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ǱԴȥģʱҲʮֻû뵽ɫ
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Ҳ¶ӲҪ鷳ֻһЩİ취ϵ
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漴ȴһȻ۾סƲס


ڰ˾ ۺ


443 
ô𣿡Ʋ׼ҶסΪԼʲôףȻŶʵ
ûлشĻոĳһ˲䣬ƺϿһЩǾһתʱǶֲˣͺҵĴȻѪʮתľ磬Բܻῴġ
ƲףһͨˣȫȫͨˣڰΪûС
˵ֵģҲֻƲӵڳ˵¹âҵļΨһһ
ôʱڳ˵¹â´Сϲʮйرյ˵أԵѰζˡ
룬û⣬ҡҡͷʾϡ
˴شϣǷᶼĵ͵رꡣԶ֣ͣʱȴûοڰ˲ãᶼɽһɽţľдУļáϿȥܿüһܽǡ
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ڷᶼɽ£ǼԺ
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˵ûŴ˼ΪؾʦݵأݾݸĸʦᶼǷ羰Ҳ֣ǷᶼұӵȵȾм䣬ɽȴһ޴ʴ۵
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ʵҲ֪Ͳ࣬Ľ룬ȫԺԺӡ
ԼΪشᶼǣӰɡ
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ҲЩ̣չʱĸ޽һǰƹݵſڰ˾̳ӣ硣
˽ȥȻһ̳ƣת꼱Ҵҵȥ
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üٿһľƣԸһ
ҺȻиֵͷ

ƲҲ˲ԣĬĸ뿴ҾҪʲôáķԱſһľϣкһȻͿʼ
ɨһܣұߵľϿһƴСȻϢ˹
ȻͷҲصߡƲ˫۷æϡ

ֱϣ㡣ٻң졣
ڴʱһӶĽҵĶתͷȥֻڶ¥Ľ֮䣬һֻ߰ʮֵķ϶ʱȴһīɽͷɫСӺ档
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λѣϲһʱ䣬һǾ˴ա
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ͣ


444 
˼˼һ˵Ķᴩŵȴƫƫ
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ҳĬˣƲ׵Ȥ󣬸ȥ
߹ȥ΢΢һɽһ˵ģȵߵǰСӴӵ߳

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ΪһĪĹ۲Ҵ
ˡֱԣֻҹ޷ߣҹҹĵֱת֮¡˵
ֹ޷ߣֱ˯˯šΨһκþȴڹײ˯ġ飬˯㡣
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һ߰ʮֿĵ·ʯӣߵǽڶɫשȴ䵽Уһ͸
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࣬䲻ر֮ˣҲز֮ࡣƫƫɽ죬ʾþϲǰһǾһ֮Ĵֲһֱ뵽֮У޷Ǻй
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ԴӱطһѣЩɥ֮󣬾һֱǣߣֹһ޷ǸͻƴɵˣֻѾˡ
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ǺðҲƣƺһ̡
Ʋ״ʱѾͣæ˵ӣͲȥڱϴˡ
λͥظԲ
ȻʼƲףҾ͸оһصƲϡǻûȫӴƲϵ¹â΢΢һ𣬽Σ㣬ʱһ˶ˤԱߡ
Ȼſڵϣ߹ƲײϿͷ
תʥˣҪֲҪ֡
˵̯꣬ҲҪˣƿӾǷ϶ȥ
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ԺܶϹӣеָܵȱ
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Ȼһ
УҪ۵ģߴߴߴߴߴ
񣬵˲


445 绰
ι߰˵Ҫʴ۵ĸоû뵽ҾȻʴ·˲ŰƲ˵ŲţǱȴʮֵ⣬ٺֱЦ
Ȼ֪ûе棬֪ǹģ˵ʵⲻҪӻд󼸷ַ緶
ɲò߿ղڽӴƲʱֱ¹âȥȴȡһ˿ߡ
Ҳ֪ᷢʲô¡
飬ҶԽȥһµ뷨뷨пܻõˣʱ¹âʧ
ǼһȷǸƭӣֻ뿴ʲôжѡѾİϷȻ·Ҫ£һͻȻһЩô졣Ȼбڣаأ
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ڶľٶ˻ɣʳҶָһЩ
ŵʿ֪ʲôҪĶ˷羰ԱԷ˴󲿷־㡣ҪȥĻˣȥģͲҪˡ
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ƲƺҵĻŲɣǻ뿪ıڣ᲻תͷͱˡ
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ϣ֮ҷÿһֵţǴġǴͳŶŵĽֵܶ涼Ŷ¥֮䣬ԲϹԹҶԳƵۣԵЩҡ
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ĴָСƿӣһš
ҽֽչȻͿʲݵּüȷǴıʼûдʱʱܴæҿŸ
˵ɽ䵱ɽѾ໥ᣬᶼɽ羰ˡֻطԽһǷᶼɽһɽȻʱ䣬ũʮԲ֮ҹŻ򿪳ڡ
䵱ɽɽԼãڴ˵ز·ߡҪģһһЩʿ
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ȻǵȣȵϢߴ绰
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еϢƶϣɽ䵱ɽ׼¸Բ֮ҹٴιͨȻ󽫹ٻȻ󿿻ħ¡
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׺ܵǣ͸Ʋ䱸ڣصشӹ˽ǹ
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˭Ρ
ȻĴعˣΪıеһȻļָԼʾҾΡſһۣƺûʵ֣Ȼǽΰɣղֻҵֻ
ˣڲ֪ҵȻùֻĵѵǴĵ绰Ǹո뿪ôʱ绰
ι
ҽ绰ŵߣʱһֵӻ֮ѩʮ̶ִæԶһЩ
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洫һɳƵԼԼıϵĳǴ
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Ʋ׸оԣͶ˵
Ȼ˶˹ĻߣȻͿ˵Ļ϶δ֪ġ
ᡣ
˵ʱҸоʮֲԾ̫Źˡ
ͬʱ򿪣Ȼ֮жһ
𡣡



446 岻
߲绰ͬʱѯֵѩ֮дɳĸоʮ̶ִͺĲһšָоֱ֮УͲΪߵܵģ𵤵Ȼ޷ʹó޴ʹĸоѪ
ô죬ôһ£Ѳǹɡ
Ʋ׿ãЩɫ԰׵ĿңֻڼȴЩȷϡ
֮ǰҿȷʵǴںǽӵҲǴûǣ绰֮е˭װŪ硣
ҸӦſе״Ȼһ£ƺˡ
ǴĻһûΣգǵĻôҲӲ
Ҳ𵤵Ĵڣ޲ߡϧҵĹžѾȫڻˣȻĻⶫܣͿ԰ģȻ󿴿Ǹʲô
֮⣬ҺҲˡ
ҽ߸ֻŷţĬһŻڡ
Σ˭
˵ʱûз֣ԼЩͬʱҸо˵仰ʱ߲绰ͨѶźźҪʵˡ
ڱˣֻĻҲð׻ѩһƬ
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ĳңʸַңкιɡ
ǹ˵ʱй֮лصҵľ񲻶ռ̽ߣͼҳҷֱû
Ʋҧأ嶼˲٣ͷ϶Һ
ҸоЩңƺΪµԭڵΧͼƲױʮǿ׳Ѫǿ󡣶Ѫǿڵǿ㡣ǹôѪǿڣǻв˱ᡣ
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֪һֻģҪҵңȻӦһҾͰҵ
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ǣһת
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ǹЦȻʼ̣ȻһըֽԱֻըķ飬ͺ籬ըƵôڱըȻֻʣƲ׵һֻʹãȻδ֪绰ֹͣ˺С
ֻźţûˣͼ׽źҲʧˡ

ǽҽָ˵ﵽЧģȷʵֻһˡǸ㣬ˡ
뵽תͷƲס
Ӧÿˣοܲͨģֻ˲ȥ㻹ľͻȥɣҪˡ
ʱֳ֣һǱȽϵƲףǶ
ڼô˵Ҳǰ˿Ҳûʲôá
ǴҰɣʵͿ볣˵ĲͬҲ֪ΪʲôһҪ׽ĸо֪ǲǴҾֻصĻϱҲʶ
Ʋ˵Ҳҵһ˿ʣһﾹȻָо
תһ룬Ҳԡ
ʮ޼ζôߣôӦ͸ߣԲŻ᲻Ŀߡ
⵹˵ġ
ү㲻աҪشʱǵͷһӳȻ˹뽫ΣڶĹ֮УѾƲ׵ϰˡ
ƲȴҵƣȻȻĶ㵽Աߡ
ڶʱͿҡ
㻹ǻȥɣĸĸġ̾˵
һֱǸûгĺӣҲǣ󸻴ļٶ֮ڶŮĽͻʹԶҲ
ʱѰ󱣻ꡣ
УԴӼǰʳҾ͸оõطʲôңұȥɽƲ˵̬ʮּᶨ
Բţ˵ʮּᶨûаֶҡһЩ
ǼڿЦ˵ſԣֻԶԶĸţҵڱڵı֮£Ȼ»Შ㣡
ѾԼòˣ²ΪƱҪеˡ
Ǻã
ƲȻ˵Ըо˿
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ץֻȻ뿪ꡣƲ׵һڸǮȻûʱл֮صǸ̯Сǰ
ʱ˸٣ط̫֮Ѿʼ³
磬˵˾ʲô
ʵûлشȻֵ磿
ûлش𣬾ͺԼԴƵãȻһʱɫ
ӡ˸Ͱ壬ˡ
٣


447 Ϩ
ӡиͰ岻ˣʲôʱ򲻼ģҶ֪ҵӡиͲܷƫƫҵϷˡҷȥ˼˺ܶ飬ʲôʱ򶪵壬Ҹͼǲ
ѵƲõʱ֮оֲֻ࣬ܣû
ôֻһˣǸ㡣
ʱ͸оһص߻ƣͺҲһռڣֻܸоƫƫ޷šȻ𵤵ĴڣƫƫǶû취
ҲԼ̫⣬ΪΪ𵤵Ĵڣնʿ´ȥá
ǣվǴǧ磬治У͸Һݺݵһǽѵ
ӦŷģȻҲǹ꣬ЩණӦʱû⡣ǶƺҵôȻʱҲԸ֡
Ǽֻмӵİ㣬ҵһ㣬иڡ
ڵͨǰԥ˺ܾãû߽ȥ
ᶼ͸Ź죬һҲ˽ȻóȻľж֮ǰѾܵѵˣÿһҪá
ƲԶԥƺҡҡͷûţ漴ٴ˶ǸɽСƹݡ˵˽ЩطܵĻôһˣΪײˣСƹŽֵôضǿ
ԱߵСһ̣ǵ̵Ҳǻ˯ӣƺûо
ȻСƹǵԱӣӦҲϰŶԡ
ϰ̧ͷԺĿһۣƺû˯ѣ۾գ˼£Ŵ˸Ƿ˾ʲô顣
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ǵ˵ĸʱɫһȥֱ۽Ӳ˶ˡ
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ʱȫ˹ֱܿӾܾңȻͷİ֣𣬲ߡ
ϰû˵ʵ϶֪ʲô
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ô˵ǽ챻ƭǮҵʸѣæϰ壬һ֪ġҰ̵˹ȥ
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Щ֮ˣٶΪҲҵϲҵӰ첻
ͨ˾Ͳһˣνˣʿͨ˳ֵĻǼֱħͷûʲô
ϰ˵ƭǮʱźֵĿһ̵ְۡݹȥǿḶ̌ڱţüͷһ
ĸ
ϰ˵
Щƣ㲻ǲҪ̵ôҪĸˡûжʣȡ̵ݸС
ʱϰҲ˵̨߳ȼ˫ƽ̣ڶͷŶͨݣȻڵͨڷžƵĹ̨ǰ⵽ô̵ģû
һ̳ĸƿľҨһƣԱߵӵС໨ɱʢ漴ε˵ǰĵϡ
ʢ̵棬Ӹϡ
ʱߵ̨£˵˵ɣʲô
ҳĬƬ̣ϰľٶЩۼٿһľƾôҨ
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һ˵ĶڼĳЩȱֻǼĳЩ꣬Ҳʶ鲢ͨҲ
Ŀˣ
ϰһٴȷϵҵ˵ͷ̾˿
Ҹһ̵֧ȼһڣͷĻҪƵþȼһ£漴̴ӱǿʹС궼Ƶĸо
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ϰ˵ࡣ
ԭڷᶼôһأȻŹĻǲ˵ЩµġϣֶᡣرЩˣҪ֣ԻᱻҹԺӡ
Ϊϣй
ʲôͷҲΡ
Ҫ֪ղŵʱңڹʱʱңؼǿʱڹʱЩ׼Ĵ˻׻Գ͢ڽն׵ʱʱնʾڣͲγɶΪᱻֱ
ĵҲҪʱͽСٻСǰҲʮ־°졣
Ҳ̫˰ɣʱܴ£
㿴ֻ̣ҪϨˣ͸ҡ
ϰʱ˵˵ʱûע⣬ҡ
ҵ˵ͷϰְરવĳһ̡
ϣῴ̶ܶ涼һͨⲻ¥¥֮ķ϶磬Ǹķ϶Ƕϴ϶߳¥Щ϶סҲղ⡣м϶֮УͻһЩҼҶ棬֡
ϰ˵ţ̵ȼٶȾȻӿһ㣬Ҹо񣬻
ʱҲȻ顣
Щ϶ֱͨǸ𣿲ܰɣ˵ֻɽϵĹŹزſͨĸǽѵƭң
תһ룬ǸӦòǹ
˵㣬ʵ
ϰ˵ʱ̺ŵľƱͻȻһըȻˮըͷϡ
̣Ϩˡ


448 ֽ
УҲ˵ˣҲ˵ˣǲ˵
Ʊ飬ͷϨСƹϰʱԴϵҡͷȻڹ̨ɪɪҾ͸оһⴵƺҪ˵ߡ
ͿСƹϰڵϵͷԺܿٶȼգ漴ֻʣһƵĹ졣
Ǹϰ岻ϵĿͷһֱ˺üʮ£һŻȥ
紵ʱҷų˸֪ϵ̽߶ȼСһ˵Ϊģ¶ȵı仯硣ǻûв׽ԴͺǷͻȻͳƵá
ɷ磬ĺ֡
ĿҲȥĿ죬ֹһ̶ƽֻϰɪɪһֱġ
ҷ֣ĵңվѾƺϾҪҹϵѾǼеĵ̣Ѿҹơ
ιˣѾûˡ
ӣ˵
ϰڲٲȻ¶Դ˿ĽֵȻֻ߳˿ֵߡҷ֣׿׵ģ·ʱŶڴΡ
ҲǱŵòˣӵʲôɻ䡣
˵Ҳܲܲ
ȻҾͿԶƲףԶԶĿң¹âʮҫۡǺҹеө棬ҶʱЩ¶еĶϲ¹âˣǾǲʳ¹âʹħֶ
˵йʱһ¼ǿﶼħְԼͰݣһ̳ˣȻǸ־Ȼֱӳˡ
ƲҲͬ¹âǿҲΣգһ˻
߰ɣˣղžھҡ֮ǰǿǣΪӣԲŸ˵ôࡣѾ棬Ҳ˵㻹ǵǵĻɣҲﲻ㡣
ϰʱδҨ˼ھƺȥŻȻ˵
룬ܴ½͵ߣȻΪΪбضǳڴڰҴڱ¡
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ҲˣͨУֻӵ˲ŻῴüЩϰȻΪǽ֮ˣԲŸ͸¶ǸϢ
Ҳ֮ܽǰ¾ΪǸ˷ʱӦû뵽ˡ
̣һǼģԢ˼
Ϩˣǹˡ
磬ôн𣿡
ʱƲ׹ˣȻЦֵӣҺȻоࡣҡҡͷȴÿСƹݵϰʱƺ˵ʲôȴһֹӡ
˵ɣǶܺߣ˵ӣҲи׼
ס˵ƲףȻ˵
ܲ²Ϣ̫٣ҷĶǸӦòǹŶԣȻҵĸ֪ûзӦ
ѵƺ˵ĵظ
Ұҡͷƺ뷨Ҳ̫ףʿ֮еĵʵǴС
ĵظֻڴ˵֮С
Щ½ɣܴ֪һЩϢ
뵽ԺкȻһˣӦû֪νظܣΪԽظӰٻ
ûǻƴɡ
һԴɽ֮ʧˣʹ磬²ƴӦӮˡԾת𵤵ת𵤣Ȼ׷ļӳֻӮҲ̫ףʱһܵ˺ҵطȥˡ
ƴһֱԼǸʤƴɡ
ҴʱȻЩ
ˣʲô˵ģ˵˵Ļͻᱻ֪ϰô꣬Ϊһ˵ͰѴҶˡҪ֪ǾҵľƹæȻԼȻĻǲˣˡ
ϰ̾˿Ȼ󿪿ڵ
漴Ĳ˵ֻǿңһ֪ͳȥӡ
ιһʲô̬ȣʲôܽġ
ƲҲǵһָΥģʱͻˣȻָϰؿڡ
סʾ԰ꡣ
ϰ忴Ĳܶ˵Ҳã﹤ĻӦҵϾطӿˣȣܱäĿҪõĶࡣ
ǺããǾʹˡ
˵
ʱϰ˿ԾƲ׼Ҳûж˵ʲôкڻϰ׼Χȹʱ䵱Ա
ϰպΣǽϰ塣
ϰ˵һӦûкܶ˿Ǹȥ׼׼
Ʋ׾Цˣ˵οô٣ʲôû˵ǸֵʱͰסˣҪĻʲôǿɾͲˡʱ򣬺ϰǽȥڡھȻǺܴĿռ䣬һ߰ʮƽ׵Ĵƽѣ˺þƣ硣
ƽѵĺ滹䣬ϰߵһ䣬Ȼ򿪷ǰᶫ
ʱƲ׵һ˹ȥϰŵʱȻ˼
ʲô˼
Ʋ˵
üʵһƯ׼ζȻҾʹչȥһ

ڷŵģȻȫǰɫֽƷ
ֽӣֽĵӣֽĵдڵ׭֣ҿʲôֻоԼԼǸ֡ԱߣһɫӣϾȻдСšȻԱ߻ɢ˼Ȼֽ룡
ʲô˼
ҿϰ塣
ҪʲҪ˵Ȼ۷κ飬ҲҪ˵߷ֻҪкȥˣȻĻҲסǣ
ϰһʾǽЩȥ
ƲףӺЩʣĸֽ붼˳ᵽǰԺȻ󼸸ڽſϣǵƵĹâͱòҰײҰ׵ġ
ֽʵأǽĸӰ߿յϣϰ彫һɫĴ
ʱһЩҲڸͬ顣
һеʱɫȻûаѾӶ
ء
һ֮Ȼ
Һëˡ


449 ջ
紵ֵҸоģĽֵͺʲôҵСҵĹֵס磬ͺ֮еķ硣
漴ԱߵƲ׺ͼڶ̲ס˸磬ĭӣҲǻ쬵ġ
а壬̫ˡ
ϽϣȻǻܵ˺ס𣬲Ҫ˵κһ仰ʱϰӾƽѳϴһڰֽ·ͷϴһƤñҲֽġ
ֽ·ǴϡҺƲɫ̫ÿֽ·ոģȴǴ
ҼҲֽ£ûж˵ʲôСĽֽ·
̫׾ͻᱻơڻûƣ֮͸оĪһůƺĴ·
Ȼ󣬾ͿֵĵҶֶֽ𣬽ֽ·𡣾ûпŵĵ̣ҲǽһЩɫֽǰ
ӵ˶ưͣƺֽ˵ֽˣɭɭġ
ҲȷɭɭģĶܲɭɭ
ҷֽ֣·ȻƲ׵¹âֻܸоõЩ
ϰԱߣʾǲҪ˵ȴͺáʱһȥҸоĺԽԽأնƮƺҪϵסһֵĲҽԽԽܼԽԽࡣ
ɻҪʱϰֻȻˣӡ
ʱѾŵϰæصȻ
ʱŨѾ˿Ҫˮľ磬ǽ϶ֺ˪Ǽֽ·ıȻо䡣ҾͲɵ룬ֽ·˭ģȻ档
Ĺ֮ȻֹʱҾ֪ؼʱ̵ˡ
Ȼ

Ȼ֮䣬ֵӿࡰˡҾͿյɵĵƣһЩЩˡϴӵص߳˵ЦĿʼߡƲ׶ʱŵһҪгæٴס͡
ЩˡеĴŹŴķΣеĴִװ磬ʼڸ߶
˵ĻߴﹾģһҲ
ǹ
˻йǽʬҲԼԡֻûоѧĻǲеġҶԸʬڵ꣬Ҳ֪һֽʬǹȷʵûнӴֻǿǺ̸ʲô۵ġ
ǰСССĶҪѧϰ˵ԣҲǻġ
ʱ򣬺ϰϵĺӣԼһЩȻڳһ㶫ʾ¡
һȴЩɵۡ

ЩżӣͽЩĴζƲ׼ҳˣȻҲһЩıҲ͸ųⳡҼ̡
Ȼϰ彫³Ҳ³
漴һĻˣҺȻЩԣ
ǳȥǼҵ㻹ĲҪҪȥ
ˣ뻻ζ
ʲô¹壬ǵô졣
黹дȶοǵĽڣʲôµġ
Ҳǣ
ĶԻڷǲͣͣͣȻһЩȻڤҽˡͺǰʮУСһ˶ںһЩΪȻǹɣҲնεġ
ٹҹУ
ԭӲ˵⣬Ⱑ
ѹǰⲻãɻҪӪҵ⣬˭Ҳ
ʱһĴüë˺һݵƵ˹⵽ü˵ֱһǸеĲ˩סһڵϣȻоſڵϣƵͷ
ϰ壬ϺõŮ졣
⵽ǵĽŶģƮƵá
üлǺëֻܣȴǳ壬ͷ塣
ʲô쵹ƣǺмסʱ׶һ
ǶûǺһתȥһ̳ƱȻߣȻǰֽڵơ
ʱ򣬸ĹɽСƹݣǼҲʼæǵк²óд
ʼĹֻߺһЩЩ֮λµĹλߵĹūţǣź񹷡ǹΪĳǵͬࡣ
Ʋ׽ͱյĽģ˵
ֽĹâԵʮֲҵЩȴˮĵʮֻ졣ƹľǺþƣǿʼЩ⡣
һˣһҲ˵мֻһЩƺҺĶȻЩūͲһеĳȥʳֻЩԼһ˿ʶģȻǶ仯һӻ߹ʹ
ЩūϲβҽУȥʳǺˮ
Ǽ˵ûյһöʮıġ͵Ҫˡ
ʲôôҵġǶ˻ǸʿģȻʿҲմʲôõĶ
ţףߵϢƺͦůţС
ҪϢʱͻȻǸüƲ˵Ʋ޷ֻŵ߹ȥơ
оһ˰ɣ¹âģʶƣǾˡ
ƲҲʶ壬һԲ߹ȥ
ʱϰ岻֪ȥæʲôȥˣֻǼڡڼүȥӴˣʱŵĲˣǹǲӵģǼҲûá
ţô˵ѵǻˣ
ǹɫһ䣬ͺߵƲæͷҡ˹Ƶá

ǹ˵ͷ漴Ʋһʱ򣬺ȻչȥһϡöѪģ
ѽ
ƲһĽг

ʱֵĹתͷƲס
ˣ


450 
㺦ˣ
ϰ̾˿ǰߴﹾ˵һͨЩͨ˳ǺôҲǹóԼڸǽͣģأľǮ롣
ӣǲźһ˻ȥϰðΣڰǣҲУѾ¶Ļп۵
ƲŵˣȻʼ
ԣϵǹƭǸʿǶϵõģ
Ƿʱ򣬺ȻһСĹָ˵ʱЩͶٴοǣһΣ˳̰
ܣ
ҶʱɵۣһϵƲ׾ܡ
ҼǵɽиõģôǸԺЩһٲẦǵɡ
ӵЩЧֻܡ
һܶϵֽ·ͿʼѣһڶʱͰ˺
˺Լ
̫̫ˣԼ˺
ʱٹ궯һӵϵӿǱڵ塣ȻⱣڵĶӾͿʼǴȻӴеⱣɭɭһЦӼѪܵһأȻָҲʼŤ
ҶʱͷƤըˣҪȥȣȴͷüȴɭɭĶסңƺڵҡ
⵽ʲô

Ʋױһţܡ
ΧĹƺڽֵƣֻڽֵǱƵÿǡǹ˵Լ֣֪ҲӸǵơȻǺܿͿ԰ǶԵ
Ǳ뿪սǵʱѾԼĳӣ˳
Цڿܣû׷
ǧҪֽ·˺ǿ쵽Ժȥ
ʱҸоǸԺΨһԾǵĵطˡȻƲ׺ܱˣʱѾˣֻĬĬǰܡ
˲ԶΧĹԽԽɻĿһܣ֪Ϊʲô
ǺЩ׷ĹͲϸߺϵĵõ˱ءʱЩͳǹһֱϵֽ·ӾѿһأȻֱӱһצץ˸첲
˻
񱻱ɵצץסһ顣漴͵ĽѪһҲֻܿצӸ𿪡
æ㿪ǹ֣ǰ
ĹֱģʱֱֲѪ𺳣ֻвͣӴܡƲ׺ˮʪգʱƤñѿһӣҰã¹â¶Ļֻ»и鷳
ʱ˹ҪҺƲ·϶תȥ
үһҪȥ
ڼĹ˹ʱһϵֽ·ȫ˺ѣȻ˹Ⱥ֮СʱЩӿǵ壬˵Ͳ
˻Цţֱ۾Ȼ˶ԷȻ˺͹ͷͿʼ׽
Ħ

Ʋ׼ˣҪʣһֱֻȥˡ
ҲһԲ̫ˡ
ԭСʱ·̣ʮӣڿԺһǡֻʮӣ˵ȻĺǼСʱȻĸˡ
ԺȻ׷Ĺˡ
ֻ׷ЩŵеĹ
үȣңҪԺſʱȺ֮гĸˡ
Ȼĸڣ֮ǰǸڣʱѾͿգ͵ѪģģزǵĹĹĵģȻǳԽȥ˶û취ǻĿնȻĵһ⣬гӵģġ
ϣѪһƬ
ڣ˴˾ûʲôõĵط˺ˣڸмǸڵһֱֻڿС
ѪҺһأޱȡ

Ʋ׶ʱҪˣҹµĲҽʮˡֺٺٺٵЦţǵʮֵ⣬Ǽȴš
ʣµҲɫ԰ףڷǰĵ·ü
ſңҪȥǣǻû
Ʋ׺ȻŤŶĸȥ
ֽ·ѿһЩȻڽİס
ү˭úûţЩȴòİȫǵһλ㲻үģһҹϵ̫ĶаʧǿȥԺ棬ȻһУͶ׷ˡ
ڶʱ˵ȻԺϡ
Ժ쿴ɭɭģҹȴȻ
ҲҪҪǣ
Ʋ׶ʱȻǰһ˺ֽ·ױ˺áʱϣһɹɹâͶȻйζҲƮ˳

ɵˣʲô
ЩҲһ£ȻȻըˡ
ģϾȻ½⣬죬ȥһ˿ͿԸıͶֻ̥֮
ѹֹ㲻Ը˵ԭץס
ЩֶʱһӵϣȻҪûڰеĸüѾˣץ
Ȼһֱڸ·ſֻ֮ңʱǺüѾ˹
ץˣ
üЦǾʱԺſڴһľ
֨ѽ
ٹʱУЩµĹ֣ʱɢ뿪üҲɫһףȻ嶼˻ȥ
תͷһֻһдŴɫǶŽ˿˳
һľ㣬ÿһҪһ¡һǺüҲͣסȻ뿪ĸڱռݵû֧ţҲ
ӷλʩԺСסһҽʩ̸̸꣬ȽԼֽɣû˸Ρ
˵Ȼ䡣
λʦлԮ֡Һһֵ̧ͷʱһƤˡ
ȴʦĺϣ׹ɭɭڳЦ
ǹ㣡


451 ʮ
ӷˣǳ˵ı֡ʩлǲ㣬ǾͽССԺȰɡʱ̧ͷԴɭɭʧˡ
ɮһӣǰѲõĶɢȻ˵һ˻ͷǲԼˣѵ̫ŵԭ
ֿѾ٣ȴ棬ɫԲΪơ
УѾǵڼθˣҸ㣬ҪǿڵزϣСѾ̤ƽҪһˣҶὫʱ㱻Ķɱڣ
Ǵüϵĺɫıаɷ֮ӴƱ𵤶˲漴һתƽϢɷ
ǿĸоǹôôôǿƣôᶼɾôǿ
ǿסƣƲȴû취ֵֵʱȴǸվ

ľһ¡
Ϊ٣ǺɶʱһػЩԭԶԶĹǣӵķɿ죬ܿͲӰ
ȻҾ뵽ǹ˵ĵزز
˵ز伲࣬εظ֮򣬱㷢¾֪ĴԸգĲɷȻפԷתɻ֮ѡ
֮Էᶼ֮ŷ̵ĻҲһĹϵᶼǲôһԺڡ
նʱҲ˴ԸԸ䣬ĻҲܵõĵȻ֮䡣
ϧûһ
ӷ𡣽ˣƶɮصɨӭ֮ջִȥɡ
̾˿Ŀʼľ㣬䡣
漴ͿԭһĹɺűסԴڵϷѪ۾ȴסҺ֡
ķᶼĺУĵزһǻڵģ
ǹɲҽ̲סݺݵһ֮󣬺ķǸһߣĽֵͱÿյģ·ʲôڹ
ǵŵľʬصѪҺԼҲŸղŵһС
ȥȴ˸ɻ
лʦʵл
УϺоʲôһͨˣҵĸӦ֮оͺһ̫ɢźȻâĹâ̫ʢֱ¹ⶼֵסղľʱ򣬾͸Ϊ
ŵ֮Ун֮˵
˵Ϊһ֮ʱͻʹ⣬СѾ޳Ȼסǹɡ
ǹҲֵסֹâҽȥ
ֱ½ɡ
ʵӲƺҲһ룬֮䣬Ծ֮ˣҲ̫˵㡣
ӷʩˡһʤ߼ƶɮ˵ƶɮΪȴ֪ʩΪëɣ˹ʮ֮һƷɣǿƽղҲ֪ΪΣȻΪԺ˵ÿ漴ʵ
ʱ˵ʱһ㶣ҡͷȻæʲôƷɡ
ԭѾǹ߽Σ׵ɣʵѾûи߲ε塣ڹ֮Уżķֻ
õĹɣֻǹ֮еȼ͵Ĵڣ൱ն
ɽٻǸɣӦ൱նеĽ𵤾תֻʱܱܳȽǿȻֵʮǿ󡣶̫࣬ҲòߡɽǵʿѾҺܾ裬ټǹɣ͸ˡ
֮һЩ߲ӴĶˣͽЩɷΪƷֱӦʿնʬ൱նĹֻƷ
ղǸɣǹеƷ൱նĴڡ
ĹѵǹɲҸоЩҵƶࡣ
־Цˣң֪ʷĿʼ֮䣬жˡˣȻͻش𲻳ˡ
Ȼ־˵һˮ֮жŰǧ棬ÿһ֮䶼аǧ𡣾˵ÿһаǧ˵ǧȥȻͶ̥γһֻءһԸͶ̥ͻڤڤ֮е
ǧγڤظǧС
ǧеĹ꣬ж١ǵĴڼ޾㣬ôֵĹʲôϡ棬ھȻͳɣ
ϣ˵ʮǧɡ
ʮǧ
ΪʲôûЩ鴫ʮǧϴڣôѾ´ҡ
ʵ
ҵĻֳĬһ̾ǣһ׮š
ھԶʱ򣬵ңᶼǽ˼ѰйȻ˼´˵ܶ˶µظȥ紫˵еİͳ˺д˵е½Уظȵȡ
Ȼ˼ȥȴһѷ죬ѷҲʱʱĻһЩ˼䡣
ڹҳ֮ǰĴŰֻҳսʮǧҲǸΪսڸɽ֮У֮߳ĬĬˡ
ҳһ֮ͨΰˣ˵һ仰
һţ񣬶ֽϻ
λΰ֮ͥڽǧĹҵ֮ͳһңȻеĹɶۼᶼǡ
ѾزȥˣȻΰ˽ӻǣֽΪΪΡ
Ȼ˻ںϵľҲ˻˲̸Ĵͳʵڷᶼ汲֮Уǲ̸ֵġ
ΰȥӾͿʼζ˴ֽµˣ⵽
һţ񣬶ֽϻ
Ƕôǿ
ʱɮ˴Ժ֮гʼɨֵƲ׿˹ȥֻýסɮһӣҽԺ
ǣȴԥˡ


452 ʮ
ղŴǴԺ֮гģô䵱ɽĵʿ棬ȻŴƤߣʱôҶûüϡڽȥԺͶ
ӷʩ֮֮ȴԲ֮еȴԸ֮˼ɡ䵱ɽʩЩԹ֮²صǡ䵱ɽȻѳַᶼǣȴûסԺͰס°ɡ
ָѪУ˵˽ɱأȴҷԵƶɮоɱ
˵Ҳ˿Ǳסˡ
˵ҺѪԵȻһŵʱƺһӾᶼйȻˣôкܶһŵӡ
طҪɴС֮еĹ˼䣬ضʮǧɡתһ룬ΰͨͥһйţߣҲǲطȻǿҲﲻ־硣ܽӡƣֻ
ΰҲµ˭ƺһҲ˵֡
߽ԺʱоůģԭɭɭϢҲůˡȴ֪Ϊڰʱȴо壬Щɭ
ڵ屻һ޴¯Ȼճ˹ǻҡƲױŵһ᷿ϢȴֵУ˺ܶࡣ
֮Уʮǧɣ֮УһΪǿƷɣ൱նҵĴڣΪѾγʵ壬ֱӰУѾΪɡ
ͳĹǹ
ǵ˼֮תվͨ˵һ֧ĳǳء
Ȼɱΰѹڣ˹֮Լʱΰǲһ־ڴ˳פΪ񣬿̣ЩһЩԺȡԴǵԹԼ֮һ첻ó֣κδֽ·˹˺
ΰ˳ĺϷ⽨ţаħ֮ȫ壬ֻٲִС
ɻŽ⿪һ룬Ǹͨе㣬ѾƽƷɡ
һɡͷзīɽû˫ţԳ㡣ڰΣʲôݣ
廹һУȻǿ󣬵Ҳȷ᲻ܵ˺ʱһˣܵõİǾٺòˡ
ô˵ֱŵ۾ȻľҲͣ
㣿ǲǸࣿ㻹˶
˵⻰ʱ΢΢ֱӣһĿҡҸопˣȻ˵ͷ

˵
ûпࣿ
üͷƺ뵽ʲô⣬Ҹо࣬ĬƬ֮󣬵˵ͷ
ǵġ
˵
ѹǺҪ׷ɱ㣬㾹Ȼ
̾˿Ȼæô¡ҪȻҵľȻһ紵
УҪ˵ұҪȮ
ǹҶʱһ
ι㣬ʲô³㽫廹ҡ
Ҵеû뵽Ժ֮ҵطҪ֪Ժ֮еķǱ̫ҫۣ漴뵽һһʲôڱηĶ
ʳһϢҲܶ
еС˼һȻƷɣһȻƷɵǣȴûʶڡֺ֣һúоģҵҵˣ͹ԹԵİ˵طֻеҰСоˡ
Ц˵
һ㶣û뵽羹ȻΪƷɣǰضնĴڣû´Ļ۷塣ھŴδһʱȻǸĶ֣ڳն֮ǰ滯һҲ½ɣ绹֮һսġ
Ȼǿ
ɫòÿȻҪ˵ȴʾҲҪ
´Ҫвƶɮı˵ɡȻƭλʩƷվǱԼԼɱƶɮҲȲ㡣
һ֣ʱһâɢǹͼ뿪
û뵽ھȻ˹ɣƴǼһҲӦûɹɵġȴǲл꣬ڽʬĹ̫ܵĴԸܳΪɡ
ոճΪɣʱҲû취֣ĻǱգڷָ룬ҲǿԻ֮УҲһʽԼ
ʵǹ飬ִʱ渵
ԭǹ㣬ǹʮ֮һƷ۷壬൱ն۷塣ѹǼһܽУԭô
ֻԭһϲһֻҪ˻߹ǮյĶֻҪֻҪԷ˵ûͻȡ߶ԷһҪĶ
ôȡߵģ˫ˡ
ȻԼԼʲôôʱͲʲôΣա֪˵ԼɣȻͻᱻԼɡ
ҸԼҵȻӦ
ҵ֣Ǻȴ֪˭֤ʮ֮УŽһĵġ
лᡣ
ңӦôȥ
ʱһʵֿһȻľ˵ҹˣʩȥϢɣǵμӱԺΡ
Ȼ󲻹ʲô˵һֱ۾
üͷҲûж˵Ȼͳķţȥɮ˰ŵ᷿ߵ·ǰаɫӰһܵһ֮
룬ȥ


453 ι
ǵҵʱʲôҲûпһȦҲûзǸɫ塣ŹرţҲȷǶǲҵĴܽȥˡʱȻҹѾˣ¹أĿɼȼߡ
Ժ֮лųƣӦǲܿġ룬ս˵ŵķ϶Ȼ濴ȥ
ⲻҪһȻһ
ֻ֮Ѫ죬ʮ˸ɷĹ˵Ķ֫ڿʳɢһءĸͷǺɫĹֳ壬һдɫƤһŷ֭ĴǰŸֲڲ⡣
һֽҾȻǸĿͷƤ˰ɫĶסңֹЦ
ǰһ޴Ĺַ۾ץһ޴ͷǡ

Ҷʱһ亹ðˣʲôľʲô˼ǵҺ˼ʱȴûжҰ˼䰢ӷȻٴδչȥ
һĦʮ޺ûиղֵ
۾ȴûʲô仯
ˡ
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óʼԼĶӣȻѪҺͿϣǺӸոպȻȥסļ
ϼΪɵģӴ˾Ͳסһˡ
ǺӾ˵Ե־ˡ
ʱҲû⣬Ϊ˵ѾͷԵ־ˡû뵽ºһ죬ķ﷢ʬ壬ƽƽڴϣôˡ
ʱǲ֪ȻһӤ
ϼĸ̼ܵһʮʱ򣬾ȻӵĴڡϼ͸ߴң˵ĸѾͷȻϼĻʱʱĸϼĸ˵һӡ
ϼ죬˵ˣѾͷȴʱʱķ裬˵
һ꣬սˡᶼܵսֺϼ;ȥŻȻһˡ
ս˺ܶ꣬һ˴ŲӽˣȴĪˣ˲ء
ʱϼصҵʱһϢˣ֪ٺǲ֪ϼȻŻų˺֣ܶܵġ
ֻ¾һˣǸȻŵˣҲͨˣȻʹض˵ǹһˣ
ȻˣͳȥˣٺһϢᶼǣĹǡ
ҲʱǸ˵ľ⡣
һ꣬սպýպһ꣬ϼĸȻٴλУ
ھϼĵϼĸҲļãʮٸܾĥ
εû£үܿͽˡ
ֻүһ죬ǸӤͯϱѾͷ˹Ŀú


458 Ȼ
Ѿͷ˵ǼĶӣȥȻһЬҪӤľٶŻˡʱѾ˼˹Ҳ֪Ǽ£ʮּɻ䡣ҲɫѿȻԺ֮У̸˺ܾá
̸ʲôû֪쿪ʼѾͷû˵ǹӤκһ仰ͿʼֽЩ
Ȼ˹ͬڵľ档
ӿʼϼԼӵ䣬Щŵ¡ܲϲ飬ľ뿪ĸء
ֻ뿪ʱǸֽߵѾͷ˵ķ˼Լˤˡ
Ͼ䣬ҲСˡ
ֻϼϼĸ;ʼ˯ʱ·Ͼͻ˯ˡ
һ죬Ѿȥŵʱ򣬷ϼĸȻһѱ顣ϼҲ˯ɪɪѾѵʱųĬȻеļͶǲɢʱһֽߵѾͷǴСԺﳤһһŮ
ֹ˼꣬ϼĸûȻһ죬ضʼȮġ
֪һ췢˴˺ܶˡ
ϼȥһˣһĴӺͶϱȻͷ֣˹ǶסƵáֽߵѾͷʮֲˣˣҲٹ¡
ϼΪ޵ʮꡣ
û뵽ǣϼĸֻˣ
СӣҲҿ˫̥õĸס
ǣһʣС֮ûãˡǰ·֪ǸӤĴڣֽߵѾͷ˵һԲȻϼ˵Ϊˣ˾ͻ˷ɻҡ
ԭϼĸʱѾˡϼõ˱⣬ΪǿҵִҵĲ²⣬Ӧϼξȿõ¸ʹȻȻٴλС
ϧѾƿ;ڻΪɻҶ
ϼʱȴԽԽݣ˷·ˣ֮Ȼ͵ڵϣΪֲˣһֱֽߵչˡ
һɣʮꡣ
ĴӼ̳˼ҵ˶ӣڼ֮ǰСҲ˼ңʣ˫̥ǰǷ׷״ػƺԤʲôڣǰ칷ʳ£ǷԼ徹Ȼú֣ñ˯Ҳá
ʮֲ˸ףһ
ϼϲֻ࣬һ񣬲ˮݹѾģ塣

£Ҳ꣬û뵽ϼȻôһˣһֱиʣô֪ġ
⣬Цˣҵүү̣һŮ˰ҵĸ׺ͰҲˡ
ԭһڷˡ
ϼôƺ
ʵ
֣ʱǶ㣬ֻû֪ˡ˵
һ
㣡ǹ㣡
ܰΰ֮ӡҵҵĿʲôءи²⣬ֻҪ֤ʵ
㣬ʮ֮һּҼ
Լߣ
תʵ̫죬ʮֲӦ
ҿƲףɫе԰ףƺ¸סˡ
ǸֽߵѾأǲǻš
Ʋʵ
˵ͷֹѾղ߹ıסĺԺȻһ죬Ȼ󱻴򿪡
Ͳ˵ˣʾǿš
Ȼͼһϴ÷׵ĺ첼΢΢˺üĺڲӣϴǧײЬİţ壬׻ͷɢšΡΡ߹ǼˣȻһƨ¡
ҷ֣ɫȻʮֺӰҲʮֻӹǼΪ
һ£óֽƬˣһֻЬӡ
žžž
ЬӾͿʼֽƬˣȻдʣȻߴﹾĹֻмʲô˭ȥȥ
ǸѾԴϼֲ֮ÿ춼ֽˣ
֦Ҷţƺ˵ʲôҲ
ʱƲ׺Ȼǰһҿɫúѿüͷû
ֵǣ̫ſϹȴΪ̧ͷͿƲףȻסˡ˶ɵ㶵վˮһӾʹۿ˳
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Ʋ׽еϵһѳһӾըˣƲףڸʲô
Ҹ벻ǣ̫ƺವһվܵƲǰץסƲ׵
󣬴үˣڻˡ
ү
ǸǰΪʲôƲ״үţҾͱ亹乡
ү̫ŶͯϱǸӤѵӤûƲף
ܰƲ׵ӰޱȣҲʵʵڵ壬ôܣ
ң
ˣ£
һ˹ڴ֮˾֮٣һ˲ٵ¡ȴôĪˣ᲻¶ת޸ĸӤҲƲף
ֲ˰ǹ֮ǰƲ¹򣬵ôܸ¹
ǰҲһȣƺʲô˵Ķ
үүɻˣ֪֪ǡǰġ
ʱ̫źȻץƲףָŰ˵˵˰Ҳû˵ֻһĵᣬ˵һ룬Ȼҡ
ѽ
һſƲףȻ˵ҵϣץסҸ첲ָ׾Ҫҵ
ֻеЬӾͳҶͷкͬʱдС
ȥȥȥ
УУУ
ҵԴһ򣬶ʱͷۻ
Ǳ£ͷۻʱԴ޴һв׵ĵطȻʡ
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459 
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ƺǺҲ֪Ʋ׵ݣֻߣϷ
ԴŴĶˣܴ󣬾ȻܽץʹƲ׼ˣŷӦȥֻҪҹȥƺҵǲɾĶ
Ҳɵ˺˼ǰɫˣָƲ˵
Ʋ׵ǹӤ𣬿
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Ʋ˵۾˿󣬵ת˲һĮľڽ档ƺּ˵ĸ飬Ȼ任ƺںš
֪ûлָ䣬ԭеǹڸա
նʱ뿴ŵļ䣬ںڹӤļںϡ
漴Ʋ׾͹ڵϣסĴ³ֲͬԴϣһӰϱƳȻȥ
ү
ڿŴʱʹƲףǰһҪȥƲףȥס
ʱǹؼʱ̣Ҫ˿ĴžͿܱνĹӤռݣҲ֪ӤĴʽҲ֪Ʋ㲻ת֪Ҫ
ס㣬ƲסֻһμѣôڶһģֻмסսʤսʤԼ
˵
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һɹ͸ҵȫҵʶƺӴʲô
ڴʱҸо屻һ˸ס
ȥȥȥ
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СҪ
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ڹؼʱ򣬲ҪţȻʶʧ
ôһ˵źڶҶˡȻǶҪԼϤү֪ҪǶʧˣǾˡ
Ʋ׵ﲻð˻ȻԽ㣬ֱڵһ
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֦Ҷţ״Ҷ׷£Ƕ䴹֮С
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֮࣬ǰЦȫͬƺ˵һˡһ۾￴һ˿ζ֮֡
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źڶŵĿƲףгϣ
ҼƲҲǹӤҾңӴԺǼںΪһ˴˶ٲȱˡλҪ㰡Ʋ˵ȻɢһǿȻֱֱƽƷɵĲΣ»壡
֮ǰƲ׵ԸʮͣǿβסԼ⣬ȽڵƲףֻվһɳ֮ײŭ
һ֮վͺӵµȨơ
£
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Ʋ׸һëȻЦſҡ
һֱû˵оԼƺˣˡĿɢΣյϢ
ôһж͹ļˣȻõҪõģǾͽ廹Ұɡ
һʼôȻľ֣Ȼͨҽ뵽Ժȫȱݡ
ƲҡҡͷȻ󻺻ڡ
һΣǷ㡣ҲǷҵģΡɼǵãŻֽ֣ڴ˵ءԣһжȻҲҪƲ˵ţǼѻҿڵ۾Ȼʼת
ৣ
һμҵԺ
ڴԼǧǰһһˣҲΣھ֮׷ɱһѧϷӣΪʱɱԹ޶׻ꡣϷٶǰݱ˾硣굽˷ᶼѰӻȴǱθץסȻ뵱ʱļ
֪飬ȻһŻ֮أɡ
ˣҲһֵʹй֮ܣҲҪƶ
ֱԵɺ֮£ȻӤ뵽ӵ֮ʮһ꣬ӤٴͶ̥ȻͶ̥ʽ壬ǿ¹â塣
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Ӧ˵ŵһתֵġ
ڣȥҲؽѣһңѰɡ
ҵ˵ͷ
û뵽ֽ֪࣬ҴƲʲô˼ѹҪô˵ڸղǼ֮ҿģѹһˡ
ðɣ֪Ӧôˡ


460 
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˼ҪٵŻУĺԺ
ҿŰѾڵϣϵ·ֽƬ˶Ҫֽˡ
Ҫүյ֮Ҳ˰
ԭƲװҲ̸ȴǺȻ
ȷ⻱Ӥһͬµģ⻱൱ǹӤ塣Ľٵڵĺۼȫʧˡ
ŶڹӤĸ飬ѾһäĿĵزղҲǿҵʵĿǾŵĴڣв棬ҪҴȥ
ÿֽˣڸΧĹ꣬ɧš
ȻĻһǧ껱ǹΪϲĶǿ᲻֮͡
һػǧ껱ػŹӤĿǡ
СһҡԶ䣬İɡ
Ʋ΢΢һЦУŲӣɻǸĴ㡣
һЦûлش
ǺðɣҲֻˡ
ҲǿЦȻ󻺲ߵŻ£ֲڵƤϸ
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ȴƫƫҪֽٵΡ
ǣ⸮ۡǧ꣬ôܵõѰ
ҸŻίΣɵõγһᡣ뵽ĸȻͲˣƺ˵Ľ֡
ǰˣ޴ӵֵ
Һ˺ģҧʳָָϻһ䡣
֨֨֨
ľð̣Ȼһ˻棬Ȼûз
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˵
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߳Ժӵʱ򣬺ԺĻѾɣȻһɷ紵ӵլۡȻ󽫺ԺǰԺȫȼ
ܻƣĺԺ
ҺƲ׼˴ſڣĿŻӡܻ֮Уȴṇ̳֮̀УԭҿŵĹĶŮūͣҾһȻΪӰɢ
漴ҵУȻһ档
ԭǹ¹̥֮󣬾Ҳûֽ֮Ϊ鹹ԼĶӣϱŮԼˣƭˡ
Ǻֲˣֻܼôá
ǰѾԻͿҪΪʱ䱻ģˣֽҲԣΪԼˡ
ǸͲ֪ԼֻǹĻ룬֮ۡУֻһǻˡ

ˡ
ʱվԶԼܼɣȻڵ̳֮УһĹͷƮ֮ɢ
һּҴԺһУôʧ
үڽʲô֡
棬ڵϣȻ̧ͷƲʵ
Ʋף
Ʋ㶣Ȼش
ȻžͺǺЦ˼ƲףȻͷҲصĳ˻֮С
үѾԭĴүһԭҡҴ˹Ӥֻн꣬¸㡣үټˣ

ţҺƲס
СһڵȴϣҲǸԭͲӦôڵĹӤֿĸ飬Ӧˣ֪ǰ˱ǰ˵ļ䣬ȴȫˡҪ׷ȥ
ŵڻһȼճɻңʵ͸ȥֻһִڡ
ڻ֮£Ѽ֣ɢ֮УһŮӰ΢ЦĿƲףȻĬĬһᣬȻ󳹵ʧ
Ʋ֣ǵᾹȻγһ͸飬ġ
һҵģС
ƲԼָȻơ
ⳡȼһ죬֪ĵʱ򣬲ŻϨĺԺѾΪһѷ档Ʋ׺Ȼһ֣ʱ֮гһƴĽ顣һС飬Ȼ׸ҡ
ֽס龹ȻЩ
ǧ껱Ĳࡣ
黱ľܾٶŨоΪһ壬㲻ҪȥС𡣵ʱ黱ľøǿ󡣡
Ʋ˵Ȼһ鳾ȥɣ
ֻ֮Ļҳʱڿն𣬻ЩǻҰʲôĻңƮɢڿС
ҽǧ껱ľ¶֮У漴ͼƲױ˫֣Ȼ׻
μˣ
ʱͬһعͷȥȴѹѹĹһȺɡ
̧ͷȥ̫ȻûɽѾЩѾԳû
ʱƲһ֡
ֻĸ֣۵һ³һȻĸ򣬾ͱ׹漴λһ㣬ڶʱΪţͷ棬ʮ׳

Ʋ׶ʾ⣬Ȼһơ
ȻкܶźѹȥȻǰߡԶÿһ·ȴɷĿңƺҪҳԵ
Ʋǰ̤һͺ·ڿԺ޼ɵʹسɴˡ
ֻ˼ҺƲ׾ȵԺǰֻϺоȻľ㣬۾վԺǰĵţ۾
λʩӦǸջ񡣿ϲɺأӷ𣡡
ľ㣬΢Ц˵


461 ߰
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һ£лεİæһǲϲ㡣
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ǹһź⣬˺̡ܲ
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ӷ˾ӦˣһЩ㵣ЩϲҲЩΡ
һ˾̫ңҲ벻Ʋ⻰ȴס
Ҫ˵ϻˣģҰɡ
Ʋ˵
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ৣ
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ӷ𣡡
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ڣвҶʧ
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֪ˣԭֻС޾ҿףղһڶȻе
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ȻͼС޳ſƲߡ
ҷֻ͹ǹӣʨӣܳצ䣬۾ȴǽ
벻ʲôޣҲգƲЩҲ֪ȵ
ֹһϣɮ뿪֮һ²վ
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462 
͹ľһɶŰëͭĽɫ˫ۣͷʨſѪ֮ݷĺܸƸ˫ȴȻһ͵β͸ڶıԵһȦơ׳΢΢һ̤ϵש鶼֨춯ѿ˿ӡ
̤ڵϵʱһŽ׵ھۼʲôˣǴ˵з̵һֻʥޣΪꡣ
һɶħ˵ǹﰡ
Ʋһﵽʲôͷֻ²ֻǹӤô򵥰ɣ
ɣͻһеġƲ˵ǠĽѾƮ
ҵ˵ͷվϡֽŵģͺ޻Ƶã漴ʵƺΪƤͬʱ䣬˫һؽžƮ
ƼΪʵǸıֶΣ½ϵļ𣬲Ƽ
ֻޣ֮ܡ
ʱǠòһɤԼϲãƲԴһģʵˡ
ٴβĿ
ԽԽߣԺԽԽСסֱѾҪ䣬ʱǵӰȻͣ˫ֺʮΪ˸񡣻ǶƲףǠ
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ʱƮƲƲ׵ͷվ֮Ҿͼ⼸վԱߣһ仰Ҳ˵
ЩΪʲôҪˣҰ˼⣬ŲҵʣֻĬĬ˫ɽȥᶼ㣬˫ɽ񹬣ұɽм֮ǰιɽȴķ
еٶȺܿ죬һ㵽һ㣬ǸһԺ֡

ǰĺڰ޳뵽ЩƲ״ˣڱɵĹҲˡһĽѾԵĹԭַȻԺסôϤ֪һжˡ
ţڴǰͣ£ǠֻΪ͹Ʋ׽ԺӴš
ڴ֮УųֻƲ׽ʱȻһµƲ׾ȥһһöƴĹӡǰϷһԶķı
СӣȻǳ
μү
˾ڵϣй
һλŵ˼꣬ԭǻ޶ȵģһĹԱΪ֮󣬱㿪ʼĸ˼ڸس֮жרŵػ顢ƷȵȣСһ
һسǵĹ߱ǳ򣬳ӵػ֮𣬾ͺ֮͢عƵá
ǷᶼǴΣԹͺгû뵽Ʋ׾Ȼˡ
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Ʋϳַۣعүۡ
Ҹоɢֲŭ̬ˣͺĳϡҲԣȻ½ɣôλģȻǲðġ
˾վߣޱȣֹɭɭĸо嵭ˡ
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ĳЩʱ򣬿εظһֻεظͻᱻ״߱ɹ꣬ԭǹĻǾͲһˡڻ±ѹεظΪʦʦҹҪ̸һЩ飬㾹Ȼ޷塣
Ʋ˵ƽʱʱƲ׵ʶԻҪ㽫˸񲹳
ԭ鵱Ƿ·תӵͽǴ˵еĹϵһ飬һ顣ǹҲô˵ǲ˵ͬһ°ɡ
ֻҪЩһûд֮ͺãҲԷһЩ
ԭƲÿζԵظȻһЩ飬Ҳ˺ܻϵϷ롣
ʲô顣
ҾʵȻôĬôƲӦҲ֪ɡ
Ʋ˵ȥ԰ɡ
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ʱڹ֮е飬ҿԶҲˡ
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Ʋûлشҵ⣬׳ҡ
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˵֮УдСƺܴ˼ֱֻͨȥǻ궦ȥĻл˵ϢڣǾʮΣգҿûʱС
СǰΪǵġǺҷ֣СʵǵǶ֮һռ䡣ƺеĻ궼ɽȥֵǣȥǸطôȥˡ
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ȷһ⣬һֱҡǵǹ˼˼䡣еĹϵôģ
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ȻϻͷָȻָڤڤָˡ
ͬʱ룬ڤ֮仭˸෴ļͷڤ֮ļͷ˸棬ͬʱָ˵ļͷҲ˸档
Ǵڵ磬е磬֮ϵ
ȻƲ׽Ļɫѿ֮ʡ
ڹʱĻֻ



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˵ȷ˹ĻҪԼЩ귢Լл˵Ϣˣ˵Ļ㲻ᱻЩᱻΪͬࡣʱƲװѴ˵ضġ
ȻƲ׵˵ͷе㶨һڲͼ㡣
Ʋײ¶ǸԸЩ⡣
ˣڤֱӦǣ˼䣬ڤҲǵ
֪һ˵֮ǰᵽһڤ磬ֲڤĵط
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֪˵ǣڽδ֮ʱʶϵһ֮У֮˲ɼӣڴȻȵڰ޳ûʶĻǣ˵ʶŻع꣬ȻͻصĴԩ
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ԭʱʶֱӽ磬Ȼȵʹ߽˵깴ͨ˼䵽磬Ȼʶںϣȥڤ硣ڤص˼䣬ȴֱӳ
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ʱܶ˵겻֪ΪαǿΪ׹ռݳǳأܿγһʼ͹⡣
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˼©ǽ˼ᶼ˹Ź֮ϵͳ˼ֱȻרǲȹٸ˼䣬ȶ
ǣռ˵ƣ˼ıȻ˼佨˹УȻǽȥ
ڹ֮ʵǿûκιͨת˼䵽ĵͨ
ȻڹŹֽţʹúܶĪľͱ͵˹
ٺ˼ͨȻһִնϡͨ쳹أӡ񣬾Ȼù֮˼޷֡Ӵ֮˼֮֮ܵԽԽࡣУǷӡ֮żѷڶ
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ΰʵ̫ΰ̫ǿˣû޵ҲӲ޵ֻһΰ
˻ûͿ磬ǿʮ֮ڻģΪʲôȥ򣬻Իԭ򡣵ǵ֮ȥ׾ͱꡣֻڸǻǣȻʱڣ顣
ȷܶڽδ֮Ϳ磬ȻֻüΪթʬ
֮ǰʮ꣬õʮֲ˵鱨ʱһǿĺȥ˹ʮ̸֮ʹù㱩¶ݡܵĹ֮УҲһʹǻص˼䡣
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ط̸ѣ˼ռ˷ᶼɽռ˹ŹأȻ󲼼򡣶ݹ²⣬ʱĹһشıʣŻʮȫرա
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ĿģҪٻˣȻħ˼䡣
ΣطֲܿҲֻսʤ֪֮ĹϵһΣǵһվⷽȥҵǸСĵĹ֮͹ȻǾؿ˼֮ͨؼˡ
Ʋ˵Ȼжһ˼Ľ֮顣
ȻֱӸˣΪʲôýвҡ
ҳĬƬ̣Ȼ˵֪ңǾ֪ǳӲģҪǱƼңָʲô¡
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ΪҲⶫƭߣ¹֮ͻزˣݼˡ
ѭȥȴ㼱ҴƮ˹Ȼ˵һ°ƲǰƲ׶ʱһ࣬Ըһݡ
Ҷ˵ˣҪġ
Ʋг˸ӣҲŸ֮Եи׹ӵġǹȴݣ֮ǰʱʴתҲϹΪעġΪǸʱƲ׵ȷû䡣
񷨣Ҫеġ
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ʹ㣬ʲô˼ҸҪǲ޷¹ˣ
ʱվƲƲ죬Ȼڻ˰죬Ŵӿ㶵ڳһ˫塣ȻֱӶңϸһ˫ϾȻһɫ·ʮ֡
Σˡ
ʱ򣬸ԺĻæΪʲô
ԭ͵˫󣬾һ֮УȻǽĹʩչعܣʹԭЩɢ壬ʵǵƻָˡ
ȻǸˣųһЩϢƣڱ
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ΪҪҰ飬Ҫ
ңȥ򣬻ҪǰæȻĻȥˣҲز֮˵
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464 һש
ˣҪȥ˹û˿ٵô졣ѵָǴܱס壬Ҫ֪նĹҲǶط档ҪйæβһʧǹκãǧټƵϹ㰡
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ΣȻ棬ǣȴҪȳϲСԵʱںһʧˡ
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ΣƲ׾ȻǳҲû뵽ڹ̸֮˽⵽ƲԭҲӵʶΪ˻صظصġ
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Ѿӡ˼䣬ȻܽʱĹˡ
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ҿ˫壬̧ͷʵھͿʼ𣬻Ҫô
ȴҡҡͷ˵ڻʱ򣬶ʮ֮󣬲Բ֮ҹʱ˼ŻȽǿܴȥ
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ҽɻ˵ȴǺǺЦˡ
ʱطȻҲٴοŹأǹôóѡʱʮǧɣƴ˳λԹٻ󷨣ʹ˳ɹʱңˮ㣬ʱ
һ룬ĵôǣڷӡ֮ǿǧ֮󷨣ֻ¸ĴҲ򵥰ɡ
֪û˵
֮ǰ㻹Ҫһ¡
Ȼ˵
ţʲô¡
׵漴ǰһڣͣԺĻ棬ȴǹһשЦĹ
ʧȥʶˡ


465 
У㿴ŵϱεˣеשͷȻʯնʬԼֲûо飬תôΣᱻһССʯԻסƻؼĵطҪΪնĴڰ
Ʋ׿Ź㣬Щƺ̾Ϣһ¡
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ǺǺǣҪǼǳҲͲˡķģôСġ˵ţȴûףԼЩ³çˣΪ˰ңͻȻֵ飬Щʧġ
Ҳܲô࣬Ѿˡ
ף
ʱƲ׺ȻһȻͼܾʼת
ֻ֪ʱ֮бһźڰ֮СȻһͨ쳹صľӣ⾵䵽Ķͻᱻжϳ䵽Ʋ׺һڹϵʱҲʾ
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ⲻϵΧϣʳ֮Ҳ֪Լʲôʲô塣ⲻϵԺл죬ȻԺ֮͸ռ֮лصȻԽԽԽԽ
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ߴġҡ˵ȻһɣֱҵѣҲľ˽ȻȥͬʱҲиƺ˵

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ڸʲôֻҪնǣĵͱˣΪλ֡Ϊ㽫ѹ㲻ûڵʲô
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ǿϧⶼŵѡĵ·ҪĽ
ſͣһ

ߴҡ壬ֱӱҵͣʼǸҡЦĿҡ
̳˾ŸθһƵվʼĸҾЦˣ͵һתҲɸһС
һǿǿ
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ҡоҵ˼Цſ˫ۣЦ
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նҲ·뻵ҵģʲôĳҿҽµȦӣȻһȦӾ͵ħ¡
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ħ㲻ð׷ĻĻҵģѾ֪ô㡣
ҽеĽһȻһʧˡ̳˾Ѿʮǿ󣬱ħҲѷɫ֪ΪΣԭǿ󵽿Ժ½ɿħȻʮСġ
ҲӲֳһҵķЧġ
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ħЦЦЦһ֣ʱħµĻΪξʧ
ħһ㶡


466 ˸
ȷħеħͷֻҪڣͿԴҵʶ֮Ϊһ˲ԶԼ˼ĳʱһĳЩ̰ŭȵȵȵȣֻҪˣͻͷնʬֻ߽նɱ
ħҵĻΪΣʵĹڼֻһΡ
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ʵնƶûһģʽ¾նʦּնǶԼķңħҲӦԼķ
ħһγ֣ܽѹƵĴڰ
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´ңƺڷֱ˵⻰١
ԺͣⲻܣȻ㣬ȴңܵʹ࣬һ֪ôԺ͡Щܵʹ࣬Ҳ޷ҲܾѵĥȻ˵ҪҪԺ͵飡
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ֵֺļӸУƺĳ˵۾һУȴ޷
֪ħļ䣬Ѿ͸ʶڿļ䡣
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ڵĿռ֮гԼǸʱһСޱȵĿõռ֮еĿ̰ȵħ㡣Ȼ£ħ
գգ۾ƺɻȻһЩ̳ȥ־ռ˺ơ

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ʵħĵ˵һ⡣
ѧ϶нҪһ˳ڴĳ֮£ͻһҪ˼ԶģһҪΪԼȻһ˸Ҳǳ˵˸ѡ
ҵ걾ʮǿʱԥСõ֮ʮ֮һûС
ԺгҪǿ뷨֮ĳһ죬ǿǲҵ룬ħ˸͵ˡ
зѵ˸һҪȥҡȴʶĴڣų⡣
ӣųͺ㽫ס
Σ㲻ҪֻҪҳȥʲôסǡ
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һδεվһδεıջƭȥҲ֮һʱŵõ˸ɣڵĿռɵƶ
ԽųϵԽ࣬ҵԽԽǿҲԽԽǿ󣬼ʮҡңħƭȥûȥѧ˻ΪεķħȴѹƵĸ׺ݡ
һȦ߲
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ᶼʵܴȻֻһ֮бӡţᶼҲܵӰ죬ʹȥ궼طȥԹһڡ
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˵ĹһǲǵʦģǵʦһַȴйĿǡ

ɼֶΣרſа
ȴ˪鲼ľʹóģҪþѪΪʹó
ѻֻǱ˽ѣȴǼΪġ
ô˵ĻطӦڹģҲڡȻطĻȻֱӽģһ½ԼԵ֮УǳصĽǲطһиģǰһĻҲǲطֶζѡ
üͷʵҶԲطľѾûôһֵȻĿ
ұԼһתһ룬ǰǵ۽綼Ѿһĸ߶ȡ
һ壬Ʒ۷壬˭
ʱҹɲĹ壬ȻͿҡϿ£ѾµҵΪΪڸǹģزĵطҵñԼ
ҹ棬ҲƷ۷壬Ȼȴʮ־衣
漴ҹ潫ӵĹֳֳ꣬˼û춯Ĺ֮Ȼ˴ǵĶԿйܵĻô⸽ʮɶᱻǳԵ
ǰƴɵĸ룬ʱɫһ壬׶Դǡ
ôﰭǵˣ˵ʲôʱ򼸸ƷεҹҲбвˣ
ҵ۹гΣյĹâŭ𣬺Ҫȼճɻ档
ҹһˣɫ䣡


476 ̤۳
ǾģĻ棬ڹ֮о͸й¡ҷŭŭȼճֱҪֱӻΪ棬Ѿ֮һ˿Ĵڣҹ漫Ϊ֣ΪǵϹ
˵е֮һеĻ棬Ȼһ
УҾǿҪΪʵĹƷ֪ʲôԭƷˡ
ʱұ仯òװΪۣǶʶҡ

ҹȫû˸ղŵ׶Ƣͷݣͷ絷⡣ԶЩ²̫࣬ҪСģǿڽѵҹ棬ʱ޴²ĹһĻĽ䱸ʩ̣Ŭ䱸÷²ɧҡ
׶ȴˣڹ֮ǿΪ磬ǿͿΪΪ
ղţҹǿͽЩճˡǵͬҲŹֱû£ɥĲ
ȻƷɣ֮ȻУǺ¡
ţ⣬ӣ
ҺһȻ˵漴ҵƻΪצӣǰһҹһ˺

ҹ滹ֱӱ˺һֱۣɷʧҹ涼˵ץֱ۵ҹɫףǰһֻ۾ˡ
ϱۣҧһڣȴоȳţʱһ
ޣҹ⻹ôѳԣĸҹζ
˵漴ð̰Ĺâ˵°䡣⻰˵ʱҹ͸Ϊˡ
ĸҹҹɲͬҹеıڣϡ٣һҹ֮жһóһĸҹ档ĸҹòŮӻҪ֣Ǵ˵֮һ
ĸҹսȴͬҹϣκһĸҹ棬Ǹڡ
ǿҾȻܰĸҹ浱£ʱޱȡ
ҹ汻αװ̰ƭˣſڵɪɪҹ汻סʵЦ˻ȴһ׶
ˣû뵽ҳ˯꣬ȻǴҽȥɣЩҪ졣
Һߵ
ҹ涼ΪˣȷһǿĹɣ͸ǫˣߴĸͷȫ
Ƕϱ۵ҹļϵĶϱۣüһϣȻָ
ʴɣǷҪ˵Ĺҩ
˵ҹſѪ죬ȻЦ
ӣ˼еСˣǻġڹ֮Խǽӽ࣬ԽǴɵΪǿڰͽңȻĵϡ
ţ
ʱҾͼװðˣ˫۴һȻͿĸ첲ȼˡԪӤ֮һɽŻ
֨ѽ
Ƿҹҽһֱ۳׸ûˣ۵ڵϴӴԺʵѻָ
ͷҹУҲʲôϺͷŭһϲáΪֻҪҹһڽĲƲ䣬ûʱ򣬾Ҫ͵͵İŪ
ɣǣ
һҹǰ޴ǫǡҵһǰȥ
ҹһǰΪҴ·һҹǻ˵ҹں棬ҽûи
Ҳ⣬Ҫȥǳ֮д̽
Ƕϱ۵ķҹ棬ȻȻݺݵĿһۣȻѸƶ漴һħ˱ѺĹ֮Уֲڷ磬һ궼ճˣ̶һСʱ䣬Ȼ߰ʮֻĹꡣ
ʱֵҪܣǽѺǵĹӾˣǲòؾء
ֱһٶ֮󣬷ҹԲĶͣ
ЩѺĹҲ˵֪ҹѾʧƵĽˣղڷйǹ˶ãͻӰˡ
ҽһоʶ֮Уȴû⣬ǱǰΡĳŸ𺳵
Զã߽һȴ̧ͷƲƵáĿһ£ȻԼһߣڳǽϣש߶Ǿ޴ޱȣȫɷ֮Զ۳ɵġ
ڰž޴ӣ۳֣ÿֶɡ
£Ǿ޴ĳţʮɸߣʮɿ޴ĳͰһĲţѺĹǴұߵĲŽȥмľ޴ǰʮ˸ĿĹڰأҼ죬Ȼڹǰ
ģŹƶȣһ
վס
ҽҪ̤ŵʱиŸֲͷվ˳һ潫סҪұݡ
ҶʱװŭҪȴͷǸҹ͵վ˳һƴϡʱߴ࣬ϹۣûԴŴɽʲôݣ
˵ЦȻ׶Ŀֻʣһ룬Ҫ֣ݺݺǳ⡣
ǸղŵʦϢ˵ͨ£Ҫϲ顭
ͷʱŵȻ󻰻û˵꣬ʣµһҲҹȳ˷顣
ʲô䣬¼еĹͨʧˣ֮Ψһͨڹ۳У䱸Ҳڳڽ䱸ӣ
ͷֻһԴڵϹµµתߣʬ壬ɵʮˤˡ
ǺǣҲãĹ䣬ҲǾְˣ
ҾЦˣȻֹס˷ҹĶȻͷǰ㾡Ұɣ
漴һ֣ʱһ֣ͷĿֽȥͷʱ۴УһһҡҾô￴ţгһ˷ܡ
ȻⶼװģʱҪԵ
𺣵һŽͷճɻҽ
߰ɣ
Ȼ˵ʣʮ߹Ҳ˵ҹȥҴ·
̤۳ǣ


477 ǰ
ڹ۳ſڷ飬ҿˣһǿߵ磬㲻Ҫ飬ֻҪ㹻ǿȻݣҵʵǿǲòұϹϾǱЩǿԿԶɱ
ǿʳ
˹۳ǣҼֱԼ۾˵֪
֮ɷأеǴ̱ǵζͺⱻս֮ѪҺϳζȴ߲ŵڴһСϽѺĹǷֳ֣ȻЩСֱЩ䵽ߡ
ԶһƬƬĻ𺣣ĹзţĥѣЩѺĹ־ôлţֱӱС
һƪγɵĵɭ֣һЩǱСøֲһ棬Ȼ˦֦ϡɭ̴ֱ֮ĵǣҵĽš
ⳡֱͺʹ˵ееĻ𺣵һģһ
ѺĹֻǲʼڲط棬ȴȫµ
ǣôˣ׷£
¶ɻ漴ʵ
ҹʱЩ֣뵽Ǻܶ궼ûˣһ˻ش
ⶼǵʦİš
ط档
ԭСĳΪС֮ңط渨˻ħצʮǡıó֮ͳһ˴С򣬵ʱʮǵͨȻԶֻռݵǻ˼ͨ
ѹ֣ҾԲط̣ôֻһͨƻô꣬ѵһ
ԭǽ֮ԶĹܣطҲԭ뽨Źأʮǹļƻ
ǲط治ǲط棬ԭؽĳǳزк£֮ɷ֮ǡ

طһﲻ˹۳ǣܹ󣬻Χ˰ɷϢصĵģ֮еϵСЩƽܿ࣬ȻٳΪǿĹ塣
ģĵ֮Уŵ˲طζ
֪ǲطӡֻҪܵ˵̷֮ٳȥһ޷طġ
ԶԶǰȥȴ·ͷһڳǣڳǻʹƵڹ۳ǵ룬ʱţߵйֵĲҽд˷
ţҵһ

ʮ޼
һŹǻƴڴ֪طҵģ¼ֻһᡣ˵ôĵϢôֻҪȡ˸ĵϢһһ¥
ˣڳ֮УһŹءǹͨĴţǵʦǲŻҲֻܳ򡣶죬ǵʦ³ӣŻȴȻһըѿڳжЩ䱸
طǲ¾ȥ˼ҪŹٻһǹһֱӽŸˡ
ʱͼ޸Źأ޸ŹصĶҲЩȣȻҲɷ֮
ɷ֮Դǰ˴֮еɷˡ
֮ûʱ˵ģնġǲطΪʦ֮ȴ˼һͭ©¼ʱ䣬Ҳÿʮܹۼɱ˼䡣
ڳǰһǺӣǺӻǲȻǴ˵ĸо
ţͷȻһ̫ţһ롣
κţ
ҪһظôطһﵽҪ
ʵʮֲףѾ½ɵĵزˣΪʲôҪĻǵҪҵСѾôΪʲôҪħ£ŰǣΪʲôҪһظ
ⲻǶһ
ڳǽĸ࣬ſҲһͷǲûǹ񹬵ֹϢûϡ
ˣҵȻҪѲǣֻ˵ءУѰһطס£ȻѰҪĶʵȥһסʸ񡣡
ڳ֮УסҪʸģƩҹƷɣڴ˵ӦоУʮĴڡֻڳסգȻҪΪִȥ򹤣ѲߵȣȻٻȡסʸ
Ʒɣǧ֮п뵽ڳǵĳפʸ
Ʒɣȴֻаλֱǰ˸ǲʵĴڡѾˣû뵽һĻŰ˸ôࡣ
˵½ȥģһ
Ҳ˵ǴɽģȻһƷɰǿǿնҵĴڡ
̫࣬ҼûʱţԳֵǿ߶࣬Ҳǲ̫ס
ֻǣӾҪӵ͵ˡ
λ֮Уûһó
ҿŲԶκţȻͣʵ
ҹͣ룬һֻҹɻſڡ
˵ǣĦҹģȴǹɡ
ԭҹȨߣĸҹ棬ֱŵ졣ŵǴ峤ĽǹһŮʮֽӽࡣ
Ħŵ²Ĺɣ֪ΪηŵķģȻΪҹ峤
Ϊһ
ĦͼΪóʮóƣõʦĽӼԲǲȥ˼䡣
ԭ
̾
ҰĦ֣Ϊȴҹ죬ܵõطʶȷһסʱ¾˻ԣԴ˹Ϊףȷ򵥡
ǽлһվǴ˵ˡ
ʶĦô
ҹ濴Ҹ̾ʵ
ҪʶĦôȥ˵仰Ļҹĵλ߲١
ʶֻżȻкȥɡҾԼ߰ɡ
ҹҲεĺܣȻұǸҹȽϻ飬ӱȡһҹƬݸ˵вǲЧȮ֮
£ȻҪȴһɳƵ
Ȫ·ϣǰ°ɡ
ȴţ̧ͷ


478 
ţ
̫ţһɫĶñ֮УɳƵĺǱסӵѻһ궼̾;ҵԪӤڣҲƷɵĴڣƵ̫ţȻҵе²ǿô򵥡
ոһξ룬˵֮ҾȻվǰ
ʱ֣֪
ţ
æˣȻʵ
֮ǰʵҺܶ¡֮ѰʮУԸطĳ͵֣ȻСľȳģʵû̫ࡣ
Ƿҹֻδʮ˵˰֮
ͳǰľ˵νʮǱɱˣǱ߷ˡ룬ǲطĻôܴǽʮɲ߷
ôˣʮƷɣȥ
Ƿҹ˵ֻа˴
Ȼǰ̫ţȻƤ½ҴԶŲƹѵ֮һ
λС磬ŰҪһǰһ֮󱣹ʲôǳǵˣĺһء
˵κţͷһţˮƳǰ֮Ͷ̥
֪ʲôζں֮ǰŲġڣǰŵ֮гɫҺ壬ðݣ˱ǣֿµζ
ҡ
ҿڵʱҺȻǰһѬĶȻһߣǶѬͷˣǸ̫ţȻץҵֱۣҪҵԴ
Ҷʱ궼ըˣ̫ŵʲôͷ
ʱ룬ŭڣӿȻͼŵ˫ֶʼȼ
֮֮һǡ
ѽȻǲȱǺأ
޾ԣȻջ٣̫ſֱϵĻ棬ȵĽȴûа⣬ܸ˵˻档ŻСƵ˫תȻһֱȥ
ȻȻĴ˸ãһɳǻӾͺһɽ緢֮ȼŨŨĺ̡
̫ʲôͷ
ʸ£ôƺ
˵
ող˵Ű
̫źǺֱЦȻСŮ赸ñɢͷͷƤ𣬺ǰ£ôš
ô˵ҷˣҪڵʱ̫ȴ˵ˡ
϶Ǽǰѣݣ
ָңЦҶȻһʶľҪѪкֱӶ֡Լطǹ۳ǵڳǣﶯ֣Ҫ˰˴ⲻ
ؼǣ̫ôġ
ŶԼã
룬Ȼü˵ͬʱĿѾЩɱ⣬ֻɱ֮У̫ĸ
ҷ֣ƺһЩ
ţ仰ǿˣϵĳʱķΣ˵ȴûǸʱɫʲôʶĦҲǼٵģ㲻ҹ׻ˡ˵ߣ֮иʲôŶҿܸо顣
̫һƤȻˣòúֻʮꡣ۾ʮ־裬һ仰ҳĬƬ̣ϵķα仯һſڡ
ңҵˣ
֮ûµģĹҲжģƩ緢
ͰСĵˣ⻰Ҳû˵Ȼ̫ҵĻ֮øᣬȻ󶨸ʮӡ
ʲôأҵְǹûס֣ҽɲǻټģ
̫ò任ȻΪһǵŮԳɲѵɲ֮еˣղ˵ǻ𺣵
ɲźɫĶ裬һ侫ƵãϢ
ĸҹŮɲǹ֮ģϡ٣嶼Ǵӵӳġ˵ĹһЩ̶ɻ֮󣬶˼Ůرɲ޳
Ҵ֮пϲڵͳΣпɡ
ѹܲݻ棬ɲɹԶԻĵֿǼǿġԾʧ٣˿
Σ˴ξһˣ
Ҫ̤κŵһ̣Ȼ˵
СΪСطҲ֮УҲпڡ˴ֱס˰˸۴뿪һս
Ƿҹ˵ˣǵǧƷɣʮɣǹǲˡ
ҴʱնĴڣôùǡѣҲܶˡ
ˣ
磬ɽңԥ
Цˣ𰸾ڱ˴УҪ߹κţĺʵͺĵƵáµԩ֮ӣһ־нɵġ
ֵǣڳû˰صģֻſڵĹһĤ߽Ĥʱ򣬾͸оԺ֮гһƷɣʮʱľסȨ
סľһ㣬ҪƷɡ
Ҵʱ֮ûеãȻֻƷɣڣҪǡǡȼ
⣡
ڳ֮еĲһһΪͬʬƵùǣû뵽ʮůĳУļжܶ߶ʮƽͣȻˮůŻ壬ֱվˡ
ѹЩֶУоȻôô
ţ
ʱû뵽ǣڹ֮УһϤӰ
룬Ȼȥ


479 ڤڤеĸӦ
֮Уǰ󣬷ԵʮֺƽеĹ궼ڵ߶ǳ֮ƺһʮصʹùʵ壬ܸоʵĴڡϢҲüΪƽܴͣϢ֮иоŨŨ֮ϢҲ
һ֮еĻָø죬֮һϢڡ
֮УŻ֮ۼǡ÷ڵ״̬ҵ󲹡
֮ʱ׷ϤӰʱ򣬾ѾֱӵƷɵĸ߽ף൱ڽ𵤰תȻնԪӤڣƷɣѵΪԭֻŻܣ
ˣ
ֻҵٶȿˣҲϤڽֵվͲˡ
ҲɵðգͬʱҲ˸ۡ˵زʵ磬ڲʱ򣬾ͲҪ
Ǵ˵ЩһΪ˼Ĺء
Ǹʧȥ˵ӰҵԪӤּ֮¶֮Уƺ˹ǣҸо˹ƺҵϣܵΣգ
Ҳҵϣһﵽ˭
һȴûзִ˹ǣЩ⣬ȴ
Ҫ˼ʱԼеĸоѾʧ
ΣҵȽʵǿһҪǸ֪֪̽˲ܰս
뿪˵صʱȫûиоһ¥ĵڶ㴰ڴŸŹЦߵĹңȴûзҵ̽顣ߺֻЦͳëȻųĻɫӣֶȻȡ
µģһſֲͺ౻ȫȥƤ
۾¶ǿ׾
Σԭ㣬ԭ㣬Ҫ㸶ۣٺٺٺٺٺ١
ֻЦԹµָץţӺҪֱ͹Ƶãֻʣ¼ȻѪҺ
漴û˺ڰ֮У·ʲôûз
ڴϣûǹֻǻһֲʸС
֮أӰҵĸ֪һʲô·ұõ͵
ǵĹģȽϴ󣬿˵˼һ͵ĳ򡣲ҲԣפģʱԳʮ򰡡
ԶԶȥһܿüǾ޴ޱȵĹŹؽǲѷ졣һڳ֮Уκһ򶼿õŹء
˼Ĳüֱһģһ̷һЩ
߶ģ󲿷ֶǹһ壬ҹɲʮϡ١ҹɲֻ¼ֻ֮һָֹûƽʱйȤֻɱ¾ĥʱս
ЩʳȴһֽĶ˸ָĶ㣬ȵȡȻһЩƹ֮Уʮһֽ㡣
ЩĻȼȻñǿ׻ȥ˽ʳƺڹֵ˵Ҫֻǻ̫ˣҪһЩıԼ
׵ģһֻҰ׵ĵ裬Ȼ൱ڹĻˡ
ҷһʮҪ⣬ûлҡ
Ȼڹ˵ⲢǱ룬ǲ룬ų⡣ҹ۲һȻЩ边ɴۼģͺ˼֮еʯڹؼʱһţܽеȫȻӮÿɳ֮
ԭˡ
ͣȻͼеȴʮѡ
һ̬ⵤѾγɹ̬ˡҲֻǿΪһεҺ塣γɹ̬ȴҪŲСĹҰ̾˿
ҷʱԪӤеũȻ΢΢һȻ;ȫʼγС
Ȼ󣬾;֮һգɵˣ䡣
岹֮ũѾֹͣˣڹʮԼֻв϶Сĵ衣
ҲũũҩȻǴСãŲ׵ģһö裬ǻӵ顣
ҶʱЦȻȴΧֿճһȦӣԶԶġԭҸղȻֱӽΧ֮ڵȫɣЩ궼㱻ա
а⣬ȴ¶׶ıʱЩɢ
ǶóȻƷɣʵȴƷɵ֮ʱǵı߽Ƕѣ˭Ըҡ
һҾƹ֮Уũ֮ȡһö裬ݸϰ壬Ҫһֽ㣬ҵⶫʲô֮û뵽ϰ۾һƼ裬ʱ˷ܵ˵
ˣ⣬̫ˣȻһ˿ɷûСһů壬ɻУСԸչ
ԭͨЩ裬಼ɷ֮գǵõֵɷͻ˷ҵũģʮִ⣬һҩΪľһʹԼҲΡ
ֱʥҩܵʱ򣬻ֱ˵ҩ
ļֵ˾ߵģʱȴͣиõ⡣
ߡ֪˼Ȱ㽫֮Ϊ׼һ䣬Ҫָһ£
ŭȻһɻ۾˸ʱоѹȣ̶߶µӦ
Щջ㵥һˣЩöǾͻǧټƵĽסȻ͵͵ν޲Ƶʱǰ׵̰꣬ƵʱǺڵˡ
Ȼ𾯸һ¡
ǣǣ
ǹջϰͷȴǰһƷɣܵΧҪ֪Ʒ֮Ĺɣһƶ
˷ڣЩСѾֽڷϡ
ֽ㡣


480 
ֽϻһ֣ȷӡȴƺûмΣķӦǹġ֮ǰǹϵһģҲ֪ʲô塣ֽɹеɵģǱʻȴγɡ
ǣⶫȼ̣֮ʲôأΪЩ֮͡
ҶţԪӤã׼ӦͻıȻ˫Ŀ֮۵һ㣬һ֮ȼ
˻
ֽ㱻ȼʱӣҿ建һ
ȻҾ͸оһ
¡
ͺд˸ҵ֮кɺԵĺӴ˺ˮȻ󲻶˱ţʱ䣬Ȼͽֽյ
۾ģ۾Ϊ
Ǽݹ񣬶ݣȼյǹʳ

ʱǴ˾ͻɹȻʱȥˡǼȣҲݣ˵ĶҲǺ˶ˣˣû˼ˡ
Ļ͵òȻ˥ưܡҲͬҪݣ˼ֳ֮ůܹùγͬʵʵ
ڹֽ㣬Ҳ̲Ч
̲꣬ĹЧ
۾ʣµ߸ֽһȼҾǺݺһȻҾ͸огһȻЩƲס¥æ
ǺģЩҲŸԵʱҵؾȻıˡ
ϸϸӦţȴֲ꣬Ҳ˾ת
ȼգȻ֮ͬ˼ſùεȴĹЧ
ĻһָΪ͸˰
뵽̷һ겨ٻƵССķ֮
ˣкηԸ
һӽŴ򿪣ȴһС𣬻Ƥɫ۾ĵúƹƵС˫۹ֱתĺǲĦ
ü˿Сǰڹ񹬿һ棬ֻСֱһֻ˶еĶκζԣȻֳԲ
㣬ɻƷʸõʳҪġ
ֻСģҵû˵ʲô۾Ҳûп˵ڹ֮ԽǰԵԽܵõ𾴡
Ŀ޹ӣǶҲûǾȵĿңˡ
ЩСƺƺֽģҲѧڹûʱָʱ˿ʵ൱ҪġȻҪǿʵҪʳҲһ㽫ָ
ЩʳҸоȻЧԽԽǲӣһиõĶ
ˣʳȻùеãþ˼ĶѵҪ֪ҵƷÿҲֻʮ
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УȻСƷʳȼʱ䲻ʮϢһ߰˸ϻһȼʳֻƷ϶ڵ۹֮веġǵ̫Сֻ׼ƷʳܼһϢⶫҲ۸񲻷ơ
µ˵ţȻʶĿңֹ
֪һҵ蹻´ŭҡ
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ƷʳЧƷʳ屶ϣǼ۸ȴǽӽʮһܵţһһʳ
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ţĿˮˡ
Ͼڹ˵ϵԶԶûʵǿĺһЩ
Ȼ֪ʳʲôãֻҪкôˣĹôء
㣬Ʒʳ۸Ρ
ģﲻ֪뷨һ޴ըɵżϡ
ʱһɫѪҺҪ³ҾҪ֣æȥ
ˣ⣬СҵƷʳƷǺĵشĹҵǿһһӦ󣬳Χܵġ
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ҲԣҺľȫʮ裬ôƷšȻ󲹳Ҳô죬Ҫüܲ϶ֵֻһ롣ĻҪܾòʳһƷʳ
ӣЩʵǿĹɣ˭Ե
С꣬ƷʳȷǼˡ
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ˣС걾С΢洢ֻа˸ѣҪҪǵȥĵط䰡
㶣ֱˡ
Ǿȥ䣡
ҵǶȴͷ
ˣ财ȸһΪ𣬲ȥ䰡
ʱұЩˣ˦ʮ裬ɽײϡ



481 ʮתѪ
飡
һֽǹϣȻʶ漴Ҿ͸оǶеĻ˱仯һҲ˶ʱҾͽһʶע⵽˴뿴ʲôϷ
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ϰ屩ףƺҲû취Ӵʳ֮˰˸ƷʳȻ˵ʳҲ׼á
ǣϰһƷʳϼ˼ʲô
Ҷʱ⣬衣
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󣬴ˣҪʳѾ׼ˣʲôԸ
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ҿӣвɸ̾ʵСҲ˼ЩСĻʵҲûȤĶջϰƺҪңǾ͹ֲˡ
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ջǷḻЩҺܿƷˣ
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ҽУֲţҪǱϰ巢֣ˡ
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Իʣ־֪ʲôöҾȻһҺڵꡣҲɫҲ̽ܵĺʱ
ԻʷЧ֮ͻᱻԻȻ嶼ñʹ仹ҽ˯ʱץʮףϰ壬ֶó
Ƕʱ̾ûжپȣҲұضиô
ĺҽ˸ۣҪǲ֪ĻԻǵĵ
Ǻǣʱ仹ôǡ
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ȻҾͿоȻһٶƷʳʮƷʳƷʳ裬Ȼ߰˰öһƷʵģȴûС
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Ƚ߰˰öսũũһ죬һͽЩӵգٶö衣ӣұΧˣҲԽЩȡȻһӮһЩʱ䣬ըһЩƷɡ
ҵ΢΢һЩ
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ϾֻһŵԪӤҲֻܵزǹܼ
ҽջϰƷʳ˹зţҵһʲôԻʵʳȻŵһߣʣµʮƷʳһȼ
˻˻˻
̱ޱȣȻֱҵ꣬æȼ𣬽ЩȻ󲻶ƽš

ڻԭѪʮתæʮ裬ƽ⡣ũ֮еֻʣһپʮţ֮һ
ҲǺ£ﲻܱʵҲġ
ʱҸоѾ˺ܶ࣬ҲӰ쵽磬ȻǸʳ
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Žգջϰ屾ǰ룬ָǶȥš
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482 ˣ
ֻһȼ𣬽˫ָսϰæ˫ָնϣڵϳΪһѽ̿ϳһĹ֣ӡһͼģʩӵķӡ
ߣҪչһʱ䣬ǲҪţƷʳҵסһҪʮ
ҵ֣ʵѾԶˣֻҪǶΪһڡϰŵûǣȻŶҲˡ
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ҿǰҵľǰЩ˺ѰĲҽУвɵ
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ޱȣҽһһȻȻƤճڴϣһ˺͵ࡣȻͿԼһİԼƤ˺㷴尾ֱֱ仯ΪͷӣȻٴ
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ն֮󵽴ԪӤڣҿƹܵʮ޼ǵ˵

˾ƴлģĽл֮ıϡҵطϢʮ޼ѷ
ȻҪ̤ʱ򣬱һֻȼһһ߻Ÿֲ档
СȻӳˣҲúĥ
ȴסˣôϤôԽԽӰҼֱԼ۾һĳȻԤ֮⣬Ҳ֮С
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483 Ҽʦ
ƴɽһս֮еõǾ帴ҳɽʱʧҲϵǰǾת𵤵ĴڡȻش䣬˱ǧǻۣض⡣
ȷʵû뵽ڹȻ˿̳˹ȥ
Բǹ壬˹֮УҲ֪ΰ쵽ġΪڴСһʱϣʿֱƴȴƫƫ˳̬Ȼ˹
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һƴɵֵܣ뿪ڸôһˣ֪ð˴ĥԼķ
ɻƴѹţԱйֿƼұƴץסҲûж࿴ֻͷԼǰеĹ塣ʱ˿Щƴɶҵ˵ڸ磬ҵİȸ绹
ֻǣһЩ
ɣ㻹ðɡ
ұòűһ仰仰ѾþеεطģΪʲôαװ˹壬ЩеһԱ
УЩ춼ʲôΪʲôҪαװȼ
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ȻѼӽƱˣͻ᲻ϵԾᱻһּֻšȻֱĽƿ죬ѼӶûʱǲŽѼ˵㣬ۡ
ҸоھԾѼӣϵĽлš
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ħռҵǿȣǵ½ɵģҲ
ҲãԽǿ󣬴˴εļƻҲԽס
һָ֮󣬻ƴԭĹҲ¶ЦݣȻԱһץץ˾лѹȥ
Ȼ˼ȼǸţһֳŸé߸ֲ棬ƴɶû˵
ܳڵ֮йĳһ꣬ͽ˿ȻƳԼĹūĸƵá
ʱƴͣһ£ҷпֵ˸һ£ȻŽȥġ
Ҳûж໰֪ڲ̸ʱ
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Ǹʮּ򵥵ǰݣһӺ͵ӡԱмңǾҡΪǲҪϢģֻġЩʩ˼Ĺȫֺͬص˼Ĵ
ƴһصһƨϡ
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ҶʱͲסʵ˭֪ȴȻҡ
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484 Сĵ
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ڻʱն֮Ͳ֪Ӱƴ֮ǰѯʦնʱѾնСˣն֮޳˱ԪӤֽǿʲôزȥ
ҵ⣬ƴȴĬûȻش𣬶ǻɽ֮顣
һգƴת𵤴߶ת壬׵֮Ӷƽǳħ󡣵ȴʹˣòߡ
Ҳɵ꣬ת𵤴߶壬Ȼ˿ն󷨣ƴܵ˿֪
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һ죬ƴ˵壬Ȼҵַ˺ܶ׷ɱҵɽʿ
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ٰСΣôĽɣ
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ƴɾͲ˵ˣЩʦ˵ġʦ߻ƴɣһᵽ֮л鷳Ȼʦûƴȥ̽·ҡ֮дٽжȹؼҵѡ
ԼᾡӦԴ١
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˵ţƴɾԴһǣҶʱǰ
ڷʱٻһʳӰ·Ȼʮ޼档ƴɾǻƴɣʮ޼оһҪܶࡣȻܶ궼ûãһֱڶʮ޼㡣
ⷽ棬һҪѧϰĸ࣬κʱҪһѧϰġ
˵ԳСĺͲط飬֪ĺܶ࿩
ûзƴɣ룬ȻԻƴ˵ΪյľϢ⣬йڲطһжҪ²⣬СĵҲһš
ƴѾ˵һңôǱضջ
ȻͿƴһüɫӣԭ滺
ǵȻˣ
ƴɿ϶ĻشҸоһʯͷ˵ء
֪Сĵˡ


485 һ
ʦһ¾ٻŹصʱ򣬽Ŀռն飬ʹûƴһȷ˲塣Ҹʦ廹ʲô첻ģѵĿ԰ն
ƴ˵СĺͲط棬Щ˷ܣϾ˵СʱȽϰȫ
ڹûаͺҹģһƬڰطΪ˼׼ȷĽ˼ʱڳͷͭ©ÿһҪѲ죬˵ҪеĹȳϸһҾͿǡ
ѲΣֽν֡Ѳ;нȹôǲطİϷ
ط϶ַɸѡеյԼУȻСĵԼĵλ
ȻƴɼţĵȻˡ
ν֮УСĴһɫۣڰֻ̧ľϣһƷɺͰͬСʱĦȥ˼䣬ͬеֻ
ƴʱѾ˹֮УпСġ
СĳˣСıø·һ۾ͻᶪ˻ȥ漴üͷƴɷ֣Сг˿նš
ƺûע⵽κ飬ֻԱߺɫӵĲطȤֻ΢Ц
ڳǣǵ̶ֻҪߵһƬССĵ᲻ĲһЩĸܿеЩ壬СĵҲоʹˡ
ƴҲоСľͺеһ⣬ȼеĻ档
ڲط棬ҲۿΪֻҪһ˿ĿӴᱻֻ͵͵ıӰʲôѡֱʹȼֱֶΡ
ֱĵȼƴ˵ʦҲԣʦֻʱͲ֪֮طˡطַԼţҲۼ˲ٹ
СĵĴЩѣ֪ط治ô춯֣һȵһʧʱŽС
ʮ죬һѲΡʱŹҲδãѲεĹģЩ
ҳ³һ鱨ˡ
ɣôãû˵ԭʮ顣
ҽᶼǺ͹Ըƴ˵һ飬˷֮ʱȻǿ㿴һۡȻʵʮǱ
ڵİ˴ԭʮ
ԭڿʼʱطսʮǣʮֱãȻͶʼʱֻͶĶʮӲطͽ˴ǣֱӾͽĥĻɢȻֱطۼǣȮ
ʣҲͶˣֻʣɺһҹҲαѺš
ǰˡ

ƴ֮ǰҲûҲйעߵĶ
ģ˽⵽ʵɱѺڰ˴֮УÿһÿһӶĥطѲΣҲڰ
˴ǺεģҲڲطĸͱѺ
һĦһƫϵԼߵİͺ
Ҳ˵л֮йѺһԭҪƾ֣طǹؼˡ
ڿʼߣܵõİҵİվ͸ˡ
ǶƷɵ۷壬δرȲطȥʱǣסط棬ٴСĺ͹ҵļƻ˵ɳɹʰ
²˳٣ǸϽȥ̸ɡ
æ˵ʱƴɺȻңʾ԰ꡣ˴Ѳǰ춼ᵽȥҲ˵ǻʱ˵лĳȻ֮ڣЩ뿪ͬʱ˵
˵Щ֮ƺûʲô˵ˣô˴˿ţȻ󷢳Ц
Σǲһ£һ£ɽҶ˵ġ
ƴ˵
ǵˡ
룬ȷʵûƴɵ˵ʲôֱҡͷʱˣʱƴɵ˵ʲô
Ҿ֪
ƴɹЦȻӻóƿվƣƱ˵ҿǼǵģ˵ȳ˽ˣһȾưųɣҵķӡûܲ̽㣬Ҳܸоĺþư
Ҷʱһ㶣ɵ۽΢ᣬɷ壬Ҿޡ
ҲȾơ
֮У˫һȻ˳ֻһСȥĵĴǰ㣬ֻӵİ㣬ʼղ뿪һ߷Χ֮ڣѾĻãܴ֮гһʱ䡣
绹ôҿõЦ⡣
ǻƴûԹԵĽָͷСϣȻֱ𱭣һ¡ȻҾͺͻƴһŸ磬Ҳ˵ôĿš
Ĭһ£ȥǸӡ
СĴչȥͽӾȻСΪ
ȻСͻλƵεϣһһϵˡ
ŵһЦݣƬ֮
ɱ
ƴɹЦЦᶼˡ˱Ȼһڣʵûж⣬ȴһƣκξƶҪǧٱ
˭Ҳ˵ƱľһƴɾҪٵ
һѶ˾ƿһԲĽƱϡ
λ
˵գҲܲˣͷƺȸɡ̫࣬һ
Ʊ󣬾ƺȴҲǼСͷžƣԺ˼Ѿף۾Ѿʼģ
Ʋˣ


486 թ
䣡
ҵԺкȻʲôѿˣƺһֱиŵҾɿ֮иоޱȵɡӿҵĹ֮Уʹ֮ٶһΣøΪʵ
һֱеִȥı֣һֱ飬ƴɵ飬ҽţ˷ѾԻһЩʧˡ
֮еѹʧĲȻˡ
ƴɺ͸綼ЦȻƴɸой̽飬ʱ
ʲôûүүĹūô
ƴڵһȻɢȥʹΧЩ̽Ĳʱҽ뿪ҺϤȻʮ޼
ԭЩڰ˴֮תһȦЩܴ̽ĥһ顣
Ⱦơ
ƴһƿƣҪҺ͸ϡȴȻƿ£ƴɻĿҡ
һƣȴӹȥ
˵
Σлƴɰ㣬ҲĵĶ࣬Ȼȥ
ͷȻ˾˫УʱѾˡƴǿҹЦǹЩǿνڵ˵Ƥӵ£ܻܲ˭Ҳ޷֤
Һͻƴɵĵһ뷨鱨ʵõ鱨ʮ
ʰڵһУƴɱ׼ӡ֤һʮ޼ķʱҺȻüͷһ塣
ôˣ
ƴ׵
ұ۾һ㾫񻺻ӳȥȻ͵Ǹջ֮СȻͿŶỴ̈ϰǱŲǹĹĵ۾סǸˮͲҶǶһ¡
ȻϰĶԻҲ𾪵Ĵӵ
Ʒʳ
ȻǼֵһöƷʳϰ徹Ȼĸ㵽һƷеļƷһõС֮ġ
죬ɣк·
ۼҪЩʳֽţҶʱЩæŻƴɾߡ
ɻʲô飬˵ƷʳʱҲǼĺܡ͹ϰıʱҲЩգҪСըҹ
ңʵǿ꣬ûô򵥣Ҫһ֧֡ҺûжϰʲôĻڵͻ񣬿µòʧҸõɲС
Ʒʳûô׶ֽţһһûʱʲôԻʡ
ǷͷжϢ˷䣬ûƴԶţֻҪһ£ͽֳ
ҸոյУһԡ
ˣʴ˱չؽûС
ϰеҲţšʱҲЩΪ֮ǰҸҲֻǶѣʮҪҵ裬ΪֻҪͻƷɣͲһڵϰ塣
ҵһֽŴ򿪡
漴ϰٺЦţǶԱ̣ʮƷʳһƷ
ϰҲǼթмԻд˵Ʒʳһһɸ޷ʱҿЩʳЩЩԪӤڣʱ֮һз
֮Ҳڵģɷÿ񱩣ҲֻеԪӤ֮Ϊֱڴȡ
ֻһԪӤڣڿôԼ
ڿŵʱѾƴɷźšʱԼԼ¥µȻ󻺻¥
ϰƶҲзӡڣûҶ
ţȥ衣
ҵũִžȥʱȻ³ʮ裬ʱѾﵽٿšոպֵܵεĻֵ
ϰϲ£ҪʳͽȴԱһ޺
˵ѾûƷϵʳⲻиƷģǣȻƭңⶫ乫ˣţûɡ
ƴһʳ˷ܵĻðֱӰЩץȥȼֻҪȽϴĻͻȼաǹϰʱŵһ㣬ǻ棬ͷʳѾƴõˡ
˻ƴɵӣʱ꾡ð
Ȼûˣϰʳѡѳ֣ô͵øһȻĻһҶΪóԹꡣ
ƴǶ˵ģҵͷʾԼ鷳ͬʱֻҪʳǹϰ忴һĻˣеĹȷʵԽԵ֮Թū
үү˺֮£ʳǿѾµģ룬롭
˫ɲһϿͷһϢȻˡǶҲǸſͷаΥ档屾¶ȻһɽлǸĲϰԡ
ңҲһΪһС¶һ
ƴƷɼڹ֮ҲǸߵȼˣѹϰ塣
Ŷˣð˵ûӣĦµĴר˾л̷֮Ҫ̷³ŹҹұǣȻʳȫǡǲͬ⣬Լ취ɡ
ƴɺٺЦȵ
ǹϰ忴ǰЦĿлƴڳȨһеףֻ֮ʱģǰˣûڰȥ
ԹūǾóˡ
У˵
ϰȻȴƴɺȻһЦץȥеҲץ˻ȥ
ˡ
ϰ̱ϣµһɴ۾ȥ
߰ɣ
ƴϰѾ̱ĶһлȥʱѾۼ˲ٹڹۿҺȻоԼסϤٴν١
˭


487 
ʱС죬ƴִһڹɻصлĹ⣬˷ܵĿšȻЩȼҪСһЩйϰֱǸ࣬ǾƵǰɡ
ΧĹԽԽ࣬ƺܺϰǲܴӻƴѡ
ƴɶʾ⽫͵͵ңҶûж۾ΧѲţǸ߶ȼУΧĹ֮̽š
һɼ֮þδɢʮ⡣
ͬ˵ͥ޴ڵļӸоߣʱƶԪӤѾܶԼΣղӦˣƺѪĸо
Ⲣǻþ
ƴҲԣȻ˽ŲͣĥŹϰ壬Ƕһֱл߻ûɢȥʼն鲻Դͷ
л֮Χ۵Ĺɱúܿܣûƴɿ㿪ʼ
ƴһ֪Ȼô׵ľͿʼкʮȼһΧ̵ĹתƵԱȥȻΧߺΧĹɿ̿ڣȻһǼֵסǼֲס
еƷɿòݣƷȴֻǧƴһľӣһݵ൱еСӳָ͵ȼȼȨ
ʹƴⶫģȴԸҡ
עɣǼֵס
ʱװŻ಻ʶʱҪעʲôģ漴һЩ
ҶǼֲס
ڻƴնʵУֵĶеʳе裬еǱȵȡһЩְԼ۾첲Щжע
ƴɿҵ裬¶һ̰Ȼ͸м
ʲô㻹ûʲôö
һץסңȻšֻ˼裬ֵա
ʱɫЩȻ͸ŭ𣬼ֱ˵ľɫݵ˼¡Ҳ֪ƭƭ˱ߵˣҲ֪ʲôݣֻ֪ȻҵǱضǸΪѲļһ
ʱ򣬻ƴѾƷʳʱ򽻸ң֪
Ҳûм뿪ǿⳡ־硣
ǹϰͶƴһ淭˴֮УȻͿһƤصġ
ÿʱ򣬻ƴɾһֲ棬ǵĹɢˡûʱ䣬ֻѾһϢֻʣ²ҽе
ƴɹЦΧĹҲЦƺһȤ
ȴֻ۾Թ޵۾𽥱죬Թȴסҡ
Թޣ

˭ڿʼʱΪҪҵ裬ʹԻʵģ˭ȿʼһеġǿұǵóˣôʱ˭ء
ߣ˺⺦֮
ţûˣ
ʱһֱϵƿˣӦ֪ѾԶ뿪ˡ
ûֵĹȺ֮ĬĬˣȻʳһӰƵ֮дšЩÿһһɶߣ֮Ÿ̨ȵĻ档ȼıȽϸߴøֲ潫еĹָȥȻ¶ȺܸߣҲҲ
С֮ƶܿЩߣջƴ֮ǰϢӽлġ
طѺһֻǹԭʮ֮һ
Լаʱң㲻ʱ䣬һڵĵ¶֮ǰⶴķµĽݣ¯ûһȼڰءƺʱԴһӽ˾ȥ
Ҵܣȷûʲô֮󣬲Żȥ
ⶴʮƳÿһ͸о¶һ֣æڵ𱣻壬Լաɻ潻ӣȻܻ

ʱҷֱȻһ磬Ȼ洵ȥЩҲǳһڡͬʱ䣬ڶѨһХƺǷûϸϸȻӭһˣҹʹɢˡ

ڶѨ֮Уһ޴
ͺһͷȻͱȷ硣һһ֮䣬Ҷˤ˸ͷѹطȼ
׹Ѻʲôôô
Խ¾Խȣֱ˺ü֮ǰһһͨĵ¶ߣȻҾЩ⾰Ϲ˫ۡ
򳡴ĶѨ֮Уʮɣ¿ȥԼ֮£ȫǷڵҽҽһʯĸ̨ҵǰһֱͨǸ̨ĵ·
̨ϣи˹ɳĴӣǽ֮С
Ǵﴫģһ涼ꡣһʱռ֮еĻ涼ƱҶƹȥȴһͭ׵Ĵ󺺱Ŀס˹
ƺƵģ»棬ʹá
ҿʱһɢңƺһëͷӣüëƳƵֱ̽˫ޡ׵ʽЩ죬żƺڵع֮пʮ˵ֿ֮ס
سĿףôɣسˣ
ƺ˯룬Ȼһ

ζһ£Ȼ۾΢΢ſ͡ΪҪ˵㿪ڣȴȻԴ˸硣
ౣ
ʱһɾ޴ӭһûüͱɴŻȵС˵һײǽϣǽȼյĻֱӹҵ࣬æֵ
ţȻйϡ氡
۾ɨһ˵ȻȻסϸңף㡭
䣬Ƶá


488 ѡ
ɼҵϢû˵Ȼ󾲾Ŀҡһ³һڴŻ¶ȵȻҲɡסãֻ֮ȴһɽƵãҵĸо
˭
Ѿת΢΢Щɻʵ
ʶң
룬ѵһʶŵĹôѾʵʣܲʵʰĺˣȻƷɵʵ
ʶֻй˵Ϣڲ֮ǰȴʧˡ
ɻ˵ˣ뵽ģȷŵ꣬˵ǰʧˡŵȻһӡҵڣûɿõҾ㿴õҲʧ
ȻҾһʱĿף˵ǷеĻɡ
ȥ
˵
ĸ֣ǹ¶һ˿׷䣬̾ϢĵһȻйϵӦس˲Ŷԡ
ûٿڣ˵
ȻȥһεķҲˣнع
ǹ˵
ʱ촽ԼѾס˻ȫǣơҲûлش𣬶ǿ
Ҳɣġ
ҽµĸߴӡϳȥȻ֮ŵҶԵȵλãȻ˵
ǹЦˣʼЦĺܵͳͺԶսڱڡȻЦЦʹռ䶼ϵĹһһŵıըȻĻ죬ռ䶼ڲ֮ſҡ
ĺϸÿһ㶼ûзŹ
㣬ƾʲô
мʵ
ȷҾһƷĹɣһ綼ܲˣôƾʲôȥ̸ƺû㹻ĳ롣
ԹɵʣҾָͷ
һҿ԰뿪ڶҿԸϢ
˵ֵָұ˽ط棡
ʵҲ˽ط棬ҵڤڤ֮ƺܲµʲô֪ŵ֮γɵһֱ֮ôýҵȷô˵һ䡣
뿪ȷЩѶȣЩֹ߻ƴһа취ġ
Ҳ£һֱƵãסҡڶҳ֮ȻԺطȻ½ɣҲ޷κң˵ΪλҪ
ƺܶû˵ˣһķң漴춯ұôһ˵ֱңҳĬƬ̣ȻһĻȻһڡ
Ȼ˵ĺܶԣҾ֮ǰԼļʲôòҿԸ㣬ʼʵ䣬᲻Ӧҽס
˵
ڵع֮Уʼʵʯ֮ûʬ׵ģôпˣҲпǻšʱģɵ˵仰ʱԴ鷳ҲҲɡ
Ȼǹ仰ȻЩ
ʼʵ䣿ѵţܣܣ
˵˵ţǹɷǱվţƭң
ҷ˸ۣû˵
ʱʲôĿڣõĻش𣬷粻ڡȻҾͼɲϵĲ²ţȻ۾ﶼóѪ˿̧֮ͷĿҡ
ϵĹƵը죬ֺܿ
˵֪Ķ˵
ıɷģƺ޲ý¡ƫƫѹƣ޷Ҳ׶ı飬еĵλǧǻ۶һַŭı顣Ƕôִŵ
ʼ磬תͳʱͨȥϣʮ֮ػῪڡ
ͣ°ɣʵĶ˵
Ȼ߲ɱ㿪ˣŭڡƲƲ죬ĸˡ
ͣ°ɣ߾û˼ˣҲеɡ
˵
ͣüЦͨ·
ҽΣλӦôƺҹֶ˵ҲҽȨõ֡
۾粻µҽڷڣƺ̲סŭˡ
һЦеĿͲĻ᲻Σա
Խңɡ
䣬Ȼ˵ͷ
ǣɣ
سĸ佫ɻ˰춼û뵽
֪ʮ֮һλѺšģǽطͳƷĵ۴˼䡣ʱȻǵĹ֮µֲֺΪ
˵Ȼɵı顣
ʧǣƺûʲôı仯ֻüͷչ
ҿ԰㣬λ˵ˡƺʵһʵ˵ұѾ֪Ӧô
æѯλϢֻõһǹһ壬һҹһϢ
ܺãвãǵѲε׼һȥ˵λǳɹʧܣҶҪ󡣡ҵļƻ֮ɵɫûж˵ʲô
ʵϴʱһɹɢȡȻ󾭹ۼҽ֮Сӵҽڵĳ̶ȣ֪жôŭ
ɽԴһ־Ȼŭ
ס˵ĻãҰ㣬ºҪϢ
˵
ҵͷʾףȻ˵ô֮ȥ
ˣ޷𣿡
ɺȻʲôȻ̧ͷʵ
ޣôˣ
Һƣôʳ仰޷ʲôϵ
ŶǾͺãûʲôˣ߰ɡ
Ǿͺãʲôãʮɻ󣬵ҼشҲʧȥ׷ʵȤȻתҪ뿪ѨҲûпǹЦʮֲ⡣
òӦңʵЩɣûѡ


489 
λɽҪڴһɣ
ʱͣȻ˵ʵҲ˽ĵģȴ˵ǿҵɵƣʱ֮ӦǲйšҲҶɵԸжϣҪʱҶ֣ô˱ǲɺġ
ҪǣôҲǸʾҵ̹ϣȻǽ׵Ƕεġ
ֻǸˣҪٽҽ˵ǲط濪ٹػ֮ռ䣬йɷͻޱȣ𣿡
˵ȻĿңƺɻ
Ҳûش⣬ʳǰϡɿһĻʱ򣬽ü벻ΪʲôһʱóֶΪⶫֱ谭еһԭ
ҵҹĺҲҵ겨֤ҵԪӤ궼ͬһ
ģԺǿÿһë׶ʮʮģɹġԪӤ̽飬Ҳ޷̽񾭵ĸӦֱ֮Уܵʹ֮ķӦҲ൱ҵġֻȷʵֻе߼֮󣬲ܳʵʡ
ʳƺɢһζһڲƺҪֵסջ
һ͵ֵʮʮʳζеضǸΪҵġƽʱⶫҲƷϲģֶĻþǿ

һ³һڽ嶼ƽ
ڵԪӤлתţͺСתһ࣬һŻң˴׷š߲֮֮֮Ͻ棬ƽ⡣
֮䣬̫ˣвע⣬ͻᱬ壬Ҳòʮ־ס
ҲʹҵͷӲȫƺѹšҵ֮󣬶ƿطˣԼڵһУҲʼ
ҵܷӳȥ߳ɣڣߵ˰˳ϡ
ʼɡ
˫ĿȻڿһײʱγһʳϣ֮ȼʳ̾ȼһһûɢƮڿ֮ۡ
ȻһצֳһֻǰȣȻ֡
Ϣעʳ仯ƴ˵ʳƷʳֻܳԶԡ
Ʒʳһֱ۳ɷ֮ޡƷе۷ΣſżȻ쵽ġԵõƷʳ
ɿһĻ۾ԲˣȻ
ԭƷʳʱγߵһ˿Ӷ۳Ϊ̬ޣȻҲΪ֮񱩵ȻţһָԲ
ģ޵ֳȻǻޡ
γ֮ͻȻʹͨʳ˵󣬵Ȼĳ˺Ҳ
޵̬֮ԱȽϴģ߱ʳʮ־¡
Ȼ֮ǰҪֱһʯ
Խǿ˵ҲԽãҿͣ۷Ź⡣

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˫Ŀ֮¶âȻݺݶһ

޶ʱһҳʱһһ类У֯ɢԪӤ֮еڲϲţƺҪɢȥ
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ҾһŬɢǸ޾ƵãһҵͿʼϴУƻҵĹ壬ѾҵԪӤΧǽԪӤЩ֮еɷ֮˿Ƶá
ߣԣﰡ
ޱȵĹʱԺкȻͷ漴ԪӤȻһЦſһ硣
ʱͼҵ֮гһ𣬻ɷһ֮жʼҵĽʱͣĵײ帺ˡ
𣿾ȻΣ֮֮Ψ֮ܿơûȼϢûеػϢȫͨɶѣô̫ˡңȻ֮Ӱ죬ף
ҵɫףͷһɹɢɷð˳Ȼɢ
ȥ֮еΪ߳ʹɢôʱҵһжǰˣ
У취
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ҵһҽбˮͰֵĻ棬һ³ϸǡ
⣡ҽ֮𣬿ֻƷɣӵʵĴڲܳܵģɣ
𾪵Уȼյҵϣ̾ͽҹģ·Щȫճ˷ɻңȻ󲻶ҵꡣƵã񱩵Ļ潫֮еʶյ
ҽ֮𣬲ϱҵͬɷ֮ȼգֻ¾
ЩޣҲڻ֮йԹԵĻΪ
ϵԪӤе֮У״ʱʵڻ׷ϣֺ໥׷𡣶֮ķ϶Уһ˿˿Ļȼգʹǲײںϡ
ײкȻһ
⣬ƺ￴
תԽԽ죬ȻƵתһȦȦƣȻĲֱ˴ˡ
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·ƵȻһʱ֮С
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ʱɺȻȻҵͷͷ紦ƺγһ貵Ĺ㣬֮Уž޴ѹ͸
ڻţƺڲ


490 л
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ҵռ֮Ȼ𶯣ƺתƣ浹תת֮кȻܴϹ˫۵ĹâƺʲôԴɢʱ֮ٴβţΪĻǻ䣬ȻΪֻɫΡ
ѪвϲƺҪҵļ֮зɳȻն̸ͨ͸
ΪҵũȻֱ۳ٿ衣ұԪӤαװ֮壬˵ǲƷɷҲȫܹѹҪģ֮ĳͻ⡣
ũѹͻ˵ֱһûк֮ǵġ
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ҵʮܸо飬ܸܵڵı仯Ĵﵽһľ硣
֮ȼţԪӤ½ɫ̨Ҳȼ˻棬ͺһ
ԪӤУֹͣתȻԪӤγһͼ׷ӣͷȴһСԲ㡣֮ɫ֮γһɫԲ㣬֮ɫ֮γһɫԲ㡣
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ҲڳΪһնԪӤʿӵԪӤĿ
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ҵʶʱԪӤ֮УҲ֮УȻҸ飬̫ͼһ

ʱһɫķ۾ͳҵԪӤϣϳһ̫ͼȻ󲻶ϵתš
ҵԪӤȻһȻͳһ˿
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û뵽ҽԪӤ֮󣬾ȻǽƵûҪܵһһֵĴԪӤԼϢظӦӶʹѹ
ʱ۾ϵĻ滯ΪԭͬʱҿŶ񷡣
Ƕ񷣬ɽϺ֮ܶܶУҲա
ƺһ˫޴۾ѾעӵңҸоһǿ־

ǿɢ뷨뵽ǸȻĻԻᱻʶǸʱ鷳ˡ
ʱҵԪӤڻϣۣüһۡһůԪӤ֮ɢҵһ˿̤ʵ֮УȻҿɡ
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Ҷ񣬿ҪҺˣҲӦøû뵽ȴǿƵÿңȻ񽥽䡣
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㣬вطϢʮ΢ҸоĳԲطŵ⣬Ҳֹһ㣬Ƿ֮еĵ⡣ղʱȴָһǲطĸо˵㵽˭
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ղһ棬ʶģȻҵòͻı䣬ȫ̶ǶҲ˻ɡ
ҴʱԪӤΪָ࣬ǰһЩ׻߿ĵطҲͨ͸ˡ
УҺ֮עֻһֻܻҪסһСУ뽫סǵĺһ̾ͿʼЧʱҵϢɡ
˵꣬תߣɴԭءֱ֮ǰҵ̬ƵãʱЩ㵡
ҵıӰƺʲôҲû˵ǵͳЦš漴涼ڷЦһԲ
Ϊʱڲ׽һ˿У֪ʼǵѪԴͷϢ
ѪԪӤڵһһ˿׵ʱʹԪӤȻͻᷢʹ嶼Ӧһ֡ΣˡԤס
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ԣƴɲڵһʱʮ޼任һзʽ
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ȼԴϵĻʱȼգǷŭʱĻ棬ֱҵ塣
뽫ȥܻЩ棬Ƕҽա
漴һЦһֱӽǵĻ漴ҽֲìһʱȼ˦˰Уòס

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ʱԶƴѾע⵽ߣԹϰĳͷҲβŲһʱͿԽСŪΧۼĹҲЩע⵽ҺͼɵĶţȼ۴ȻСĽϵľл⿪
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ǲ֮£ɵķʵһոյƷֵܹͨסǵĺϻ

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һַһֱַӿϵĻⶼʼڱը
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493 
ʵڹ֮УĵλǺܸߵġǿԻøоסȨ൱ʿڵ֮гͷЩԴԴѺ͹Ĺɣǵ־ĥȻӡϲط־Ȼٷ֮С
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ƴȻ˵˽л֮ûл޷˵ɣȥ֮еһ⻰ʱñȼûƴǱŷҡ
ҸղſչֳһƯĻÿػĹȥ
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װüҪܾȴѾҵļвҲòĬȻͼŻƴҧгݵĽһЩʻЩӮ˵ĹҲǽթѹһЩˮ
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ЩǺγɵģûоʶ൱֮ܽǸռֱũΪ顣ղڽлʱŽЩͷĻսû뵽ɹˣһſ顣ı磬ҲΪ˱顣
Ҫڻ𺣵һˣôиǿĻ顣
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磡
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ÿһ͸оũ֮еıȻӣ̶ʮɾ룬Ȼۼ߰˰ٿš
֮ǰ飬ҲٶţԶʱ裬ҲٿҵĴȻƴеҲˡ
Щֱũһ򣬵ûаũ
Ϊũ֮Уƺһռ䣬ܹװЩ衣
ǰʮ˲ݣڽϵı龹Ȼγɵĸ̶ʮ˲Ȼٿű֡վ̨ʱĴǿŵġڸ棬ȴǺѹѹһƬȻյ𣬵ȴɻ谵
ڴǰһ޴ĺӰλ֮ϣƺ
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Ŷ
ڰУһȻҾ͸о
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494 
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ũ֮жʱȻһſűڱըвɣֻǿһۣ⺮ֱγٶšԪӤ˫ŷϵ̫תķɿ죬γһƵãźȻҾͿĺڰ֮յơ
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ʱʮҵУеĳƬеëеĳëıģƺһƷ֡
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ʱץҵСӣָźȻЦ
Ƶ˫һУҵгɱƺҲңΪβݡƴҲЩҵЩǣȴϵĲ
ģֻݹۣȺ治Աȹۡ
ǲط֮һòطأԲŻҪķ˹Ѻڴ˴ȻǲԱȹ۵ģΪǲط͹۵ʵ߹
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Ц޴ĵ֮УȻһ£Ϊһоϣ漴ȼɵĻ֮ƺйţŹЦɢ
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ͨҵҾΪһ޷ͨǾɣ
һԶĿ̻ͬʱڣҵסʱҾ͸оģһɹԼļ俪ʼ֡
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ȥӦϵǣȻԼıյǣһȻֱߵұߵʯ̨Լѵľлб׶ȡ档
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496 ͬ
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ЦһľлҲϣЦĿЦ
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ҵʱƷɵǰڣȻвЩȻҲѹԵѹơ
Ȼǿѹģȴİѱмһɭɭ°ޱȵġ

⽣ֻһ̬ƺʯͷ̳ɵģƺǲ̡֪а߲ѪգγһƬƬڵ·ͺһͷͷǿޣӡС
ΧİѱҪǿ屶Ȼѹҵꡣ
٣Ȼѹң
вȻʮȵ
ף㿴˱֮ҪõѽǵĳǴĵıˣҪշҲҪľóԲŽⶫ㾹Ȼõʺȥ㣡
ЦҪǵõ֮ҾͰԴն㵱ߡ
ȻרŸƷ׼ģӵֱƷıвƷɡ
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ð˵Ŷܵõ֮ͰԴնҵߣλлͬſ֤
˵ȻŻƴɣƴɶʱһ㶣ȻЦ
ðȻܣҿ֤
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Ǳʱǰһҿͬ⡣


497 ͨ
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УƴɸվһģΪľҪҿȴ֪ҸƴɵĽ顣
ֻ룬ȻʲôԴҺȻһЦ漴е֮ϡȴػһʱշֱ֮ǳ롣
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ģҪԵ
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ÿѽĲ֮еʱ򣬳ڲҼѪҲǱɲɨСȻѪҲʼÿһζʹҵĹۣƺ˽һĸоƺͬҵĹ塣
ʵҵ꣬Ȼʹҵǿһ˿
ƺڶҽƵãҵĹǿ
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Ҽֵ˴ѾЦˣˡ
ƴҲһۣһ᣿
ܵģ㿴Űɣһʱ֮ھԲշ̫֮ǿˣһᱻ꣡ʵʱѾˣֲõԤСֲͣ˵οԼ˵һ֮
ȷڵҾǷвʱϨ𣬵ʮּ͵ĵֵź硣
İɣǣٺ١
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498 Ǹ
ƺǷ֮еѪдڣŽ֮ٴαʱһͿʯ̨ϡ
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Ȼһ궼ɢˣ
ҵ彥ʼ»ƻƵãеɴܣֻҪҵһͻƿھͻɢ塣Ѫʹ嶼ǿֻ࣬Ѿɢ
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ѾҪ֧ŲסʱϲûЦͿҵļһ
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ȻģҵļȴֱͦͦģֱľͺǸ壬Զ֮վţ䡣ֺʦĽκ鶼ֻҪһն֮
䡣
Ѫ֮еƺѹ˵𶯣ȻҸоɽھۼ
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һ֮⣬ɢĻ̾ۼһγɶۻϵĹȸУʱʧֱ֮Ѫ֮γɣ漴ֱǿйŽ
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꣬꣡
ʱд죬ŽȻ֮⺳ͷһתҸое־ʼѣ͸¶ʮ˷ܵ
ŽˣȻѾҪΪħ˰ɣ
ӳҵ־֮⣬Ѫе־Ҳ˶Կ֮СҸоԼľһߣǹŽ֮־ʳһϴţŴ󴸵ǿҵĽԽԽ
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̾жʱ䣬Ҿ֧ȥҲˡ
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һοʱЩĻҵõ˱֮ôǴ򲻹ҵġϼƷɼĹҲùҡ
ʱ˻⣬бĹâ˸еıɫ

Ϊع״̬֮еңʱһʱЩĹâȥֻʣŹâһǴ˴εǣ֮ŽصǺĺ䡣
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漴ֱСҵԪӤС
ֱʱ򣬹ŽŷƱŭһ㣬ֱӳҴ̹ƺǿǰ棬ŭ
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ڴʱǱȻһЦһӡڹֱеĺ䡣漴֮вһǿȹŽֱӺҵ塣

ƴɱŭղעϣʱסʱԮѾʱһʱء
֮â貶Ŀֱӻ˿ռ䣬ѹҵꡣ
ҵԭ۾ŽͻȻıЩ㵣漴Ҿ㵵顣ȴĲǺϵƷ۷ǿȫһû뵽侹Ȼ
㣡
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Һͻƴɶںţκҵ޷
ҵʹ̽ҵԺ



499 ֶԼ

ҺͻƴɵĶ˹ȵףѾ۾ʱ֮кȻһʱǵĶƽ漴ƺҪ궼ҵ꣬Ϊһͨ쳹صı֮ҵС
֮֮дƻ·ҪأʱҸ飬ԪӤ˽

һֻҵԪӤֱһʱֱһֳֵֻֻ߸ۣаѾѡ
ԪӤһ̷ȥû֮ס
ʱǱ˪˶öá
ʱû֮꣬ϺȻһ޴ͣҲݡЩͳű˪˾һҧƬʱ䣬Ȼ˪˵ĿʳɾֻƵķɻصԪӤУȻԪӤֻصԭλȥҶʱЩơ
֮е飬ǧ֮һ˲䷢ʱǱ˪䷢һȻһ⣬ʱٴͣӿ

ɾʱǹŽƺܵơôжǰвԣʱŭâĴ䡣
ѹʱֱ庮ȥ·Ҫöѹ
ţѡһѱѣô˭ŭ˱֮ʱ򣬺֮д֪ȫ顣궼ǲԸ⽫ԼʶֳģΪֳ֮пܳɳ嶼޷Ƶĵز
ʱܴӺϴо˲ԡ
ƴʶʱֹͣ˶ԱıΪס
ԪӤҲƷɣܲݷɽɱˣƷ֮󣬰֮ȡ׼Ǽֻ¡뺮ʮڵߣȻԲݺ䡣

ǹŽȴΪŭˣ㣬߶۷壬ֱ⺮䣬ʱеѹȥӺûʱΧˣֻר־ԹŽ
֮Ҳ޶⣬ƽϢŭ
Ը֮ú佫֮ĥ𣬵ڿԲˡ漴֮ǿˣƺҪùŽ֪ѶˣȻǵɲƷɲݡ

Ž֮âȻţȫӿ뵽⣬ʱеѪҲ𶯣ѹסѪСȻͿŽȻһİ߰Ѫ۵ϣȻ΢΢һֱӳźնȥ
ˣ
֮д𾪵漴ŽѾ٣ֱնɱ䱾ϡ
֨ѽ
ʱ֧Ųסҵı֮󣬾ȻȻѿŽҲƺľֱڵѳƬ漴һ紵֮󣬻Ϊɻҡ
㣡
ŭڴ֮ҸоһȻ󺮱˵ѻţ֮оȻصľлôھѡһɡ֮²й֪ȼҲҼסˣ
ҺͻƴæǣʱѾεΪɵģһ뿪
ӣʧ࣬ȥȥˡ
ιû°ɡ
ƴɼ뿪źһȻ˵ʾҪ˵漴ڿһУٻһѪЩıвڣͬʱҰѪٻͺѪоǸղٻı
ʱѪоҲţ·ʲôҵƴ֪⣬̱졣
ģóѰ
ҧгݣĿ
ԭڸղź͹ŽͬھʱŽѣ漴־ͱֱӴӵֱӳҵС漴Ѫзٻ֮ٻȥ
͵ҽһˣȻ֪
û뵽ǣǹŽȻҪѪб־ͺħҪҵʶһĵ
ʱȻΪع״̬ǹŽֻͣһ£ȻٴζѪʼɡѪи̫ãͺҵһƵãôʶɡ
ͣ£
֮һӳաͬʱӿʱֻ˾ҽҰõϵʹˡ

־ҽУû˹ŽǣȻޱȡ۵֮£ȻɢʱѪ֮־ץסᣬ˹Ž־
ҶʱѪѵ־ҲȽ˼
Ž־ϲҽУȻġЩ飬Ӵ֮һũ֮еҩ־ĥ̰㲻ĥ
ģŽ־Ѫ־ѾƽŽ־ѾʾҪ
ôȻ
ʱѪзһʶʾͣ£Ȼ
ף
ɻ󣬵֪ѪдʱҪӦһ飬ȻҽԼӡΪǹŽ֮С漴̫תӿȥ
ǹŽ֮ΪɫҵӻΪеһɫС㡣
Ѫе־ΪɫŽɫȡһ˿лΪɫС㣬Ȼ߻תȻγһֱת
ʱѪпʼ仯
׳צץס΢һе춯ޱ仯ǽ񣬱״ͺǽֱ⣬漴һӽ⵽ף˺ɫ
ʱѽͱһǺɫһǺɫǸĸ磬Ҳԭ̬ˡ
˽һϴ죬ȻЩס
̽˽ҵļ֮У彫֮סȻ֣¶ĻƴɲҪ˵
漴ҺǱ˴֮С
ҪһֶԼʱˡ
٣


500 Ѫ
ڵõƵʱҾѾв׽һ˿Ϣ֮ĳطľסȨһ¡Ҳ˵ûиκδ۵ʱ򣬾ѾһµľסȨҲΪҵĵȼȨȨ
ʵڹĵȼʮɭϣλҲ൱ߡҺͻƴ֮⼸еĹʵطסλȻˡ
ҵסƴ࣬ط
˴ʱƴͬʱִһƬӡǵӡС
ιô£㵽ûбס
ƴɽһȻȲʵղһ·Ͼͱ˰죬ԭѾ׼ʱɱˡҵһʲôôͺȻпʹԭķ籩÷ƽ˾ˡ
˵ʵҵʴû뵽ģûüҡ
Ŷ˵˵֮ǰôӹ̽ġ
ʵ漴ͱƴɳЦˡ
ƴɽʱĦʱʱĦŰ˾³ȥڽлģɸ˾ְƴɽ򣬾˼СȻٰһȻл
Ȼ󣬽һƷȡ֮֮ĥԼĹγɻǡ
Իƴõҽ֮
ң㵽ôӹģԲʮ޼õĻֱӱ̽Ҫ㵱ϸץʵϲûС˵
ƴɽе
ȷ˵ʮ޼ҲŵϢȻռ˱ˣղںĻһᱻץ
Ʒɣڵ֮жǸģȻǲҵġ
ˣʵϲûôӡ
ƴѾϣҲЦЦʼ͡
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ҺȻһ£ڷ֮ٻʳ顣֮еĹž֮һɵ֮ӡ֮סǧ֮һǼ䣬ѾһԼαװһɽ֮п޵Ĺɡ
ͬʱũ֮еĶͱ飬֮ΧסȻγһԲС裬ֻĴָô
ҽũ֮УǺҪңҲֻܿһŹžĹꡣ
ҵũ裬飬裬֮趼ˣڽܳΪҵɱ
ͬʱҲܸоң

ƴЩɵۣô򵥣ʼ磬ȻͷѾɻأΡ
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ѪںһŲʱըҼʱҪըֻü֮еѽٶҪղܽѪе涼ںϡ
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ȵǳں֮ʱҲµѪ֮ա
λѾĲүôĳŵˡ
߱ƴֻǽӡסˣûнնɱ֪Ѿˣһֱ͵͵ǵ̸
Ҳܣ޴ӡ
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ʱѪ֣ҵĵ֮Уܵô
Ȩֱ֮ѡġҶʱһ㶣û뵽Ȼôû
˵ҪԴժҵ߰
ҺٺЦȻͼǱݺݵҧҧȻȻһҺͻƴΪҪܵʱһȻԴСһȦ
漴˫ְԴʹһһʹϱڵذϹ
ʱڱͷľһɹɹɢ漴ǲβ˿ھȻŴ˫֣ʧܣҲڷﵽײ
ʱӦԪӤһԾϡȻҵСָô֣гޱȡ
ҸոõʱҾ͸оԺжʱһ䣬ƺʲôס
Ҳֻһ£͹ȥˡ
ɳȥǰһʧȥеڵء
Ҫңң
ʱϳһֻ۾һͣҲһ۾һӡڲͣҾͼԭ¡
ЦһҪ𻰣ȴȻȻ

ҽȻͿΪɻǵĹͣȻһĽֱӿʳˡ
һҵĲ֮£ʳϡ
ƴɶһۣоԷеһ˿ɵ⡣
ϧһЩϢأû뵽ôʱƺԱںڵûж
ͺǺüûгԶƵãȻǰȥ֮ʰ
⾿ʲôлǣ
ƴҲĽӹȥ˿ǲûȻȻ
ⶫǾлûһ˿˿лϢҲûʲô޻ڡƫƫǿйٱʣȵһΣȻǷ
ƫƫûʲôϢֻ֤ǲ²Ҳڵֻˡ
Ѿ治֪õʲôӣѵܾнƷ
ҡҡͷʾԼҲ֪漴Ҫս֮СʱûϵѪжʱһӵ߽ڼ׵ǴðҪֱӽɢ
ԭ֮ǰʱȻǽѪѹţɳȻûԼ
ѪǹŽ־ʱҪ֡
Һͷһ³Ѫ


501 ô
ѪзɳȻҵĿƣƺʶںϵĹвײ־¡ûѹ£Ϳʼæס˽ȥȻ֮費ϱṩǿ
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ƴɼһĻҲǷӦһ̤ҵǰ漴ִֻҵļϡ
֮УһɸĵϢӿ
ǻƴЩĳɹˣڵ֮ʮ޼õĲԼǿʹʮ޼ܸӦĵϢ࣬ԱҲ͸ˡ
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ѪеڱѹʱƴֱֲӻάסѾǼޡ
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ƴɺȻָҵļ˵ЩɻŷҲѾû״ˣȡ漴ұ㽫Ѫиһɵۡ
Ѫвûжı仯ֻڽ״ǶץצĩΣȻһֻСָϸĺɫ֮סֻ߸ĩεĵطһӤȭͷҪСЩľˮͷǵţ
ȻСȻסʶͣ
д󺧣æ͸ʶȥ̽飬ʶѾƽʮǢ漴ʶҲںϣͺ֮ǰ˳Ƶá
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ҲãȻ֪ʲôãҾòǼ¡һش
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ƴɵͷֵŪ˺ĹҪô
ȻѯңҲܳпʲôһʮµӡƺµĺ棬ȶôȥĺĻҪǿ
ҵҲû˵ǸͷǸ¶˳
һﻹûгʧʣµҲӡͷ֮У֪ʲôáҲã껹ûʧôƾͲʧҲͲʲôȻһεջ̫ˣѡŻƴûд
ʱˣֻʣһڵϣҼ
ƴɵͷʱҵѾƷڣԪӤʹں֮гͨ裬ҲʱӦ뿪
סں֮һСġ㣬ʣ㶨
ƴ˵漴֮Ϣʱ򣬾ȥǲɶõľڵнлǰȵ֮һǰ֮һ֮תʹʮ޼ɱ䡣˴һҪСľȳƻطļƻ
ƴ˵ʣµһʱд󶨣ƴǾһûˡ
ƴ뿪ˣӰڴϣѪз˫ϥϣĵȴɱ䡣ŽѪ֮ʶںϣֻǳͻѾѹˡʱǽ֣ġ
ܷѪһȻͻӰ졣
һҷ֣Ѫʱ򣬱еںҪЩ
룬һͨĸսȡȻΪм漴ѪϽȻһʱѪоͱαװΪͨĸսϸ̽飬㺮
ʱȥһĴˡ
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ҵˣҲ֤ѾҪĳΪʵˡ
֮ǰʱһûκα仯ĵľһֻ޵͡ںŹصĽģƺϢ
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ҹȴһں˶øֽЩģȴƷɣ̫ơЩִι״еֻһֻ۾ڵġеĻɫԴϳһǣȵȡ
ǿң͹
ˣ
һʮɣüͷƺһʮɰôֻʮŸʮһأȥˡ
УΪʲôǴ󲿷ֶˣǲָܻأ
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502 Ҫ
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Щʱɪɪ¾׶˾ʱҵǲò
ϢŭϢŭ
ڹæͷҾϢŭʱһΪߵĻ́ԴȻ˵ʵҵȱԸϢŭ
һЩüˣôƺƵá
׷ʲô£˵
ҲҪרУʱҪìܡղѾЩǰʾʵҲѹסǣҪԭˡ
ܽʮ˴ˣҪǵ֮бˣҪôǿС
ָǸ˿ĹʵƺЩ⣬ǽ
ԭһ֮ǰӳĹɶٻȻ󲻾֮ʹʱرյϢǰҲôԲûʲô״ǶûʲôĵطԼıֶѡ
벻ǣ֮󣬺֮ƺһǿĹɡ
һŮŮԹҪǿһЩȻʵͺǿǸû⣬ֻȥܿࡣ
ʱŮ˱죬ȴ⧲֮½ն룬ֻˡ
֮кը˹ȥҪŮƷû뵽Ȼܵ˲̶ͬȵˡ
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ʱҵٻʮȹʣµʮһŮѹס
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ҼһĹ壬ûзʲôмֵĶֻʮû뵽һξͻֹƺŰ
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ЩĻشȴЩƣȻһֻȥʮͨĹȻźӰ죬ȴƺ⣬й˵ûûСʵ֮ʱЩ־ģе˵Ʒɣе˵Ʒɡ
ʶʲʲôҷ˵˾ȥ
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Ҫ㣡
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ҶԵϢԽԽ죬⺮ƺΪҵ
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Ů۴Уֱӱ룬һīɫճҺʹӿæһȻͿǺŮԴưƵãѪҺȻγһԽһŮ˵Ӷûˡ
ҽѪһճҺȥҷһȻֻǽԴһ롣
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ҽеԭ֮һѪѸٷɻأʱҸ߽һƷתȫնȥ֮𶯣ƺΪҵ־ǿںϵٶȡȻͼ˽ֱӽҹն롣
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ҵѪнֺȻһˮͷǺȻѿһ͵м䣬֮ʱһͽȥȻˮͷǾͷɻֵָ׹ģƺ޸ı䣬ֻݻڿ춯
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֪֮ˡȻӾͳŮӣȻԼعҲײˡ
һͱҹ塣ŮӣԼԱԼʵˡ󣬱ӣҹҹԼʮ꣬ȻһֱֻǵãԼ˵ġ
ϧ֪Ҳ˼룬ÿ￴ظѰҵӣʹޱȡ
ҿʶҲΪ̾ԭ龹Ȼӵʬ壬ȻԼôҵõ
ҽвһЩ
漴ˮͷ֮УǶԷ޾ȻҾ˸Ȼɢ֪Ǳ˴˾һϡǵѾ˶꣬һֱѰŶԷ
ɢɣ
˵ҹʣµҲͱҸɢҲʧˡû뵽ˮͷǾȻãƺ̫СڵѪˡ
ΧĹɽ˺Ůʮ֪ζӳȻ밲
ɣԻصλȥɣȻЩ˶ѹեɾ˵
˴֮ʵиأʵ˿ĿǰĿѣҲƵġҪôܾĥ֮ӡǶҪôƷɣҪôǱĥ
Ϊ췢Ůۼʱҽ˺ŮȻҪȥ̡
ʵҲǲǴҵУһжУҵĹɲ뱻ǿҸҪľǣҵѺڶĵطлһ󣬵ҹ۲죬ŽЩ
û뵽֮ҽˣûҵѺĵط
졣
֣⼸֮ҾǿҪٷһˡܻɵĵطȥˡֻط⣬û뾹ȻҪߵһ

ȫǱɣϵʬкɢҴʱЩγɵľԱ֮߳ǰֻм죬طһ˺ܾòҵһܵص㡣
ɵڶص㣬Ҿеˡ
ʱصʱ뵽ǾܾΪطһСľͻ
ô
һʱ䣬Ҫȥˡ֮ǰҲȥһλãȻˣȴɲҽȥ̽顣
һǺ
Ǻ֣Ҵ򲻹
Ȼ쾹Ȼۼ˼ǧű飬Щں˵޼¡


504 Σ
Ҹ̾ʱ򣬺֮һ֮͡һڶñ·ˣǹ
ѹñܣ·ںɪɪ
һԲšֱߵ·ʱ򣬲̧ͷһ׳۵ĺ
̧ͷʱϰɫͺɫγɵĿֲ¶ڰ͹Ѫ˿ӿֲƶֱǱ˰һƤƵãһϢ˱ӡ
ÿο⺮ͻ뵽ΪʲôһֻȻ㴴⡣
˵Ȼϵĺɫ··֮еĹ壬Ƥƺ˵ʱಿλѪļⶼڳ鴤ƺʹ࣬漴תУѪ˿ˡ
Ӿ㲻ǹڽҲ൨Сķˡ
ʱĴŹţûаӦ
û뵽ǵƬʱ䣬Ȼܻ⺮Ϊ⺮ҲǱչزһ㷢ӵĻᶼûСҲãҵ顣Ϊûټ㣬û뵽ȻҲãһ֪ŵԻḶʲôۣ
ҧгݣ⣬ѪҺཹཱུš
Ȼڻ˰죬һڵ֦ǰĵϣ֦һСƿӡţûƤı˳ķ硣ƺЩ磬Щ˺
ôţѾѪҺڵγһȻѡ
Լһʱ䣬ԼѾĲˣȻ˫ĿʵһС֦Ȼ˫һꡣ
֦Ķ˾Ϳʼð̣ڵȼɫĻ档Ҳ֣Ȼں֮ûκβͺ񺮷ʹӰ첻ˡ
ǵ֮ŹϾ֮Թǲ⴩ԽŹء
֮ȼС֦Ͷ洫֨ѽ֨ѽĲҽͺʲôڲҽС

ʱǺ¹ﲻϵ૳һ˵֣ȻӿǺɫ֦СֺγʵʣγһӿСһԹڳ֦Ҳٶʱ䣬֦ڱճһѻңԼԼüһŹĳӡ
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թƹҲǱ˹ҾҪٺٺ١ȥ¹ǰ̻һָƮƮƮ˺ŷǰ档
һεѹƺֹȥʹڴǻ
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˲ãֻһ˻˻ϺȻ¶ۻƵͷͷƱͫ׶ǿһ
ʱͱ˽ȥҽС
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ٺٺ٣۶ֵסʱҲӺ֮۶ͬλһ壬ҿ㵽Ҫô㡣¸¸£
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Ƕѻңʱɢ
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ʱң֪飬ںѰš
ط治ǲط棬İ˴֮еȷǸǧҾȻܹͨظЩڲϵܿУõҲҲʵҲһֶ˼ڣЩɵĹɲȫʣ¿Խľ
ЩεĹǣ಻ʤɲεģҲ֮
룬ǾȻмʮƷɣܶ඼ôɸѡģ;ÿ¡˴Ƕʱ֮ھܽõģôطǴʲôʱʼء
־ԼԽԽоطѹȡ
һβҪϲط棬ֻҪ͵͵ĽСĺ͹ᵽ֣ܹˡŰɲط棬ȻڱǿȴҲԽԽǿֱһ죬ܽڽ¡
һ˫֣Ŀᶨ
ȥлΣûмƴɡ
ڰҲ֪ôˣûмǸνĳ֪ǲǱˡ߶ûյϢƴȻӦû⣬ô
ңһĪչ
ǲµӦںʱ˯Ȼȥ
ÿߣ;ÿֲ
ҵĸоأڵ֮òʹû֪ıʲô壬ֻ֪ӦǹɡеϢǣǰ۾ϹȻ˴۶䵱۾
ģһϢûУʹҸͲ
иϢЩȤ⺮ֻҪһˣͻ˯Ҫ˯ҹڶûѡ
˯ʱ򣬴۶ȴ뿪壬ȻѲӣΣ֮Ѹپ
Ĵ۶߿Կ겨ʶˣԻ϶ž˽ӽĿܡ
룬ֱǶλ״ﰡ⻹ô͵͵ȥֻеʱˡ
ұȽοǣǱʧûע⡣Ĺǰ»ʧҲĹк˵
ҵЩҲǵһ쿴ʱ䶼æĥЩꡣ
ʼʱһЩͬ飬ЩҪǷߵĳ嶯ЩĽҵľоƽˡ
ҽĽһֵӾ֮УٽԼȥ
ûԣҲûʶȥжƶжƶʼǹʮ
ҽҸоҵʮ޼ֵõȲҪԣȴʵ飬̫Σˡ
ס
ҺȻ֣ҵľƺˡ
Σա


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һαĸоҪֱӣͺʱߣһݵĶߣʱҪҲҧѪ
ĸо׼򺮱ʱֵģ׼뿪һ
ǣصĸоûʧԽԽǿҡ
ʲôҹˣٶȺܿ졣ұ۾ԼĸоŵȻͲ˼άʼʱֻһɾ񣬵ҸоһεԺӰ֡
Ǳ۾֮Ǻڰģƫƫڵ֮ҲûʲôԴԡ
ǶڶţҸͿģ
ֻʱ仯ⶫľҲԽԽԽԽǶҲҿзţƺ֡
ʲôţʲôֶˣΪξ벻
иڱǴ򲻳ָоҵҲ÷ǶԽԽϾҪòˡ
ǣʱӰһâƵãһѿ
ʧˡ
ɣ
ƿڴͬʱ۾ⶫĸоȻʧˣؼʱʧġ
ȻҾͳĬΪҷֿ֮ƺóԭŵķƺͣƺĳˡҵļ֮ʮİЩû˵
Χ̫ˣͺ籩ʲôɵƵãЩ졣
ǰôᡣ
ûйֻб˱Ĺ֣ڷ籩ƽ֮󣬾ȻΪҺ建ʽ档
֪һڵĳһٴγɹ壬Ȼܵĥܶʼ
ĽѪУҵ΢ЩˮͷǵײԵóҵĿ͸֪ϵɨΧʮɣ̽ʲôһĵط
ǵ滹Ǳ飬ҲȫǱ飬ûʲô仯
ʮǸȫֻ֣Ҫʮ֮ڰȫԷٶȱ㲻Ҳ˺ʲô쵽ҵ۶ܲ׽ĻҲǺ޻֮ˡ
Ѫ΢΢죬ˮͷǵһƬƺȶ
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ûзֶвĶ˿ûиеһΣյĸоͷԽԽȡϺѹһʯͷԽԽأֱҪˡ
ܶûУ־ʾƺʾžߣҺȻһ
ǰҶûУҲûУôڡ
飡
뵽ֵʱȻԾͬʱѪһᡣһըѣмɣ漴޴ײѪϡղվĵطѾΪ棬м֮У͵Ĺâסҡ
漴һһֱ̹ͻ˱мȻֱӳײ
ǹâ˱мӭȴźļֱӳҵĲҧ
ԭ㣡
ڿ˶ʲôʱ̤סѪУһ֮л𣬺ݺݳ̹ҹȥʱҾһȭͷʲôĶǶӹ
ҵһ־ͱΧѹţûзӵǿ
أҾͿǶĿ
̰׻ƵɫߣǺ۾Ǵ۶ߡ߾Ȼܴӵص׳Ҳԣ߱ǾסڶѨ֮УҲһ
۶˻˻ӣȻζǾȻͬͬˣУζ
ԣ
ҾĿһԴ۶ߣȻһҷ߲ߣһ
ͷԼһ׵ĵطʼ£ϲΪһ壬γһѾ֡⾹ȻǴ˫ߣһֻ˫ͷߣ
ߵҵС۴֣׶࣬漴ͷ߸𣬾ȻֱҶӡ
ҷ֣ĸȻһ֡
˻˻
۶˫ͷ˻ͺвƵáҿֻ۾澹ȻҵޱȵͺⲢӳգǱеġ
ղżһȭû˺ʱ۾ƺڹ۲ҡ
֪߲ǿ۾۲ˣҿ˫۾ǻоëȻ
˺ܾã۶˫ͷΪʲôṥңûеõ𰸡Ҹû¶Ǳ鱩¶ֻͱˡɺΪʲôҪңֻߺɻڳ˯Ǵ۶˫ͷ߾ȻǿԼ־ҵҵģ
ǺղֻΣյȻӦס֡
ʱǷţͬʱȡ˳ǰ棬۶˫ͷһܵġźĴԣʱ˵ǺһܿϾ߾۾
֮Ի֮ǰ֮еֱ֣һ־ƿضߡ
˻˻
شҵģ·ܶǵ˻
ȻͼŴ۶˫ͷವһͬʸ˫ͷŤĸļ˸ź⣬ȻţѰҵһ˿ٽʹ˫ͷĸǾ㣬ߴ磬Ǿߴ硣
ʱͼ۶˫ͷ¶Ц⣬ףƾһ䡣ȻǴ۶˫ͷߵо˶Һֱӳҵ۾
ҴһѪæס۾ǶҺѪʲô¶ûУЩҵϣȴֱʹƤƺá
æڵ͹߽ŶҺĸʴٶȴֻܼٶȡ
ǣûʱⶾ

ʱ۶˫ͷߵͷѾ˫ͷҧҵĲϡƤҺϹ֮С漴ߵֱӾ˹嶼סȻڵϡ
ѪеһڱϣҶʱĽһ


506 ֮
׶Ĵ۶˫ͷߣȻֱӽҾסԽԽҶʱѹĴǹ壬ҿԲúߵĶҺȴ֮вϵʴڲϵĥţɴ۶˫ͷߵĶҺԴԴϡ
ⶾҺȻǺʴҵ꣬ҵĻֻܽסʴ
ҸС죬ûܽס
ſңȻĻݹҲ˺֮꣬ɱˡ
ʱҵƷɣƷɺԪӤڶԿԼıҵѪУҿԸտѪгΪɽʱ۶˫ͷȻҸסͬʱҲҽסֻҪƷɽ̹͸㲻ˡ
ʱҧסҵ岻ɿڣսҵ˫ֶʱܶ
ߵ൱ǿģĻÿһǼ⡣˵˫ͷߣǱ֮еı죬ǿޱȣҾȻ޷ѡ
彥еԣ޷͹תˡ
Ѫٴεһڵϣں˫潣ϵĲ˸ţƺ̾ϢҾȻˣ
Ļڹ֮УศɵģֻҪ˹͵ǽסˡڸʩ̷ʱ۵ʮֲңΪɢ൱ɢ
ҵ껹һ֮ǾԪӤ
еԵʱ򣬾ֱӽԪӤ֮УҵӾͿʼ仯ҿԼ֮еĻȫĴ۶˫ͷߵԴ֮УȻȱ꣬ƺǱġ
֪ӦǺԼ룬Ȼ뵽߻֮УܹߵҰ͸֪
ԣȻʹԪӤȫƿҴʱȻסˣ
Ҵ⣬û뵽Ʒɲζᱻ߸סѹֺôĵı߶Գܰȥ˯
ҹ˹ָʱѪܵһ΢ֱವһҵļСȻ󻺻صֵⶾأɼٶʮֻͨũûˡԴҵ˹֮УֻҪԪӤ״̬ͺѹͨũҲ֪Ϊʲô
˻˻
۶˫ͷ߼Ҳˣ漴һͷſңȻһҲſ
ΪҪŹҵʱ򣬾ͼһͷˣע⵽۾ϷȻһԼСǡҲ֪ˣȻҲҪˣƣҲԻ
ʱ򲢲ЩʱͷȻŴͣеĿͷ¶
Ҫɡ
ҵɫÿܶҲÿȥ
߲ʳöҺԣȻŴͽ֮̽ȥȻǽҵҪһڽȥ
ϧ߲ҵĽͣƾôһ
꣬꣡
ͷڷѣȻҵԴȥҾ͸оԴһڵĻ֮СʪģʮճȻòסҵһ㽫ͽȥ
̣ҵĹͷͱ߹ǼѹȻ󲻶ϲ춯ζ̫ˡ
ܿͽ̽ȥҵıǻ֮ʵһζͺǳžˣֶߵθᣬҵԴѾһͷԽߵθ
θҺڷţӺ󷽵һСＷȻθڣȻγֶ
жĸ֪ͬʱ߿ʼƶƺƶڽҴʳθＷѹ
ʱ˿̴翴Ļͻῴ۶˫ͷһͷһΡڵŤţ漷ѹ
ȻôҲҪˡ
ҸоθĶҺ˹ȻƤʴţΪҺ建θաӿһ죬ҵĹͻᱻճҺ塣
ҵͿʼУԪӤ۾ƽ綼͸ˡ
漴ϵĻȼգԪӤϵ۵ȼ漴̫ת͹һ𣬻ΪһµĻ棬ȻֱӴڹľ֮УɢҺӰ졣
ģҹ屻ʴٶȿʼһָȻܶˡ
ҰϷæתͬʱͨѪ

вϵĲʹñʴٶȾȻʼգܿ죬̽۶˫ͷθʱһָһֱֻ۵ж
ҶʱϲûмŽǼӿٶȵֿθḯʴ
ģθҸʴʼСȻҵ˫˫Ŷָж
ٺٺ٣ȥĴ󡣡ҺȻЦһȭȥ
۶˫ͷߴʱεڻȥ·ϣ˺üֻк˫ͷһĲλûʶԼʵһΣյ顣
ȻֻԲˣ漴Ϳһȭͷӡӣֱ˻ȥ
ȻҵĽˣʱθ֮дŤֽţϵƻšҲûгѪֻҪ³ȥɱֻºҶְɣ
Ǵ۶˫ͷܽ³ȥѾθˡ
ϵķţ˻ţڵʹĹšΧĹֶβɨУΪ档
Ҳɱ㣬ֻҪ³ˣȻĻԶð
ҷĸӾңƤϵƬѿ¶߲ɫѪ˻ţͻشҵĻֻһαһζĻҪңҪ
ΧĹ֪£Ҳû뵽۶˫ͷ̽ȥ˾Ȼš
˻
̲סˣſзһһٻ漴Ҿ͸оһǿĲ˹Եޱȡ
ţȻôԶҷ

ҵԪӤоԶһԵ漴ԶƮ޴ƣ漴Ϊһֻ֣۶˫ͷץס
һطȥ
ұץסʱ͸о궼챻ץˡ
Ǻ
ץˣ


507 ˭
ץס۶˫ͷߵģֻһֱֱֻֻۣۡ׶೤ÿһִָޱȣܽնץҵԪӤһɨȴֱ۵סоԷһɽѹסҵ˼ʹҶá
ֱ֪Ǻģ̫ˡ
ƷԪӤһܹƷȻû뵽ֱӽһɵ꣬һܵ˺ôӦҲܵ˺
ѹȣʱû˺ġ
ܿ죬ץŴ۶˫ͷߣص˺УǾֻصϡ
û뵽һ˯ţ͸˸ϲȻԵҵһо˴۶˫ͷ߶ңʱЦںڰ֮еţû˿üò
۶˫ͷ˻˻ţƺЩ˼
ҵƬ̣ƺһҪҷų˼ûС
֮бȥģСķųСĻ룬̰
ҽԪӤȥֻûЩԵĹ˵
һڣоٴαѹѹӡ
㻹ʶ㲻ƷɣôܻʶġҼұĶܽƷȫԣֱӦģ㾹ȻܱʶһҲˡ
ѹסûҵĻǹ۲۶˫ͷߡû۾ֻĲնƺڿĳԵùޱȡ
Ժ˵ҵȲϴ۶˫ͷߣֻһ¶ѡ
ȻУȥĹֻҲ˰ɣ
ҴʱߺͺѹסоʮֱҲûоɥĬĬԪӤѰһҵսԲߵĶô
ԪӤһҵĹԭѾƤ棬һĤ
Ҹ첲ͶͷλԭѾʴֻʣ¹ͷʱ㿪ʼȥһֵб飬޲
ڴʱĺһ
ף棿
ڴ۶˫ͷߵϷһϢȻŭ޴һ£˭ô󵨣Ĺ뱦ڡ
ֻ۶˫ͷ߱˫֣԰סһͷȻԴһơ
ʱӰðȻڿкϳһһӵӣëëƵãƵýšͷȴһҹһģһ

һһϣ³ʶĽкҶʱоɭɭԹ
٣С㵽׵˭ȻʹֶԸ㡣֮Ǵ۶˫ͷϲʳ֮һֻҪŵζ᲻Զǧȥʳ
˵ٺЦǣڹһϡֲ֮ǧ֮ԹȻһͬõ֮ճɻҡͬʱĬĳ֣֮йصļ䣬Ȼ͹ͻܵγĻ̡۶˫ͷ߳˻֮󣬱ɱ
źĻʱ֪Ϊʲôһᱻ۶˫ͷ׷ɱ
ҲͲˣҲ֪˭ޣôֲķɱҡ
ǧֻԹһֲҲ˵ֲϡг̶ȡǧ֮ԹѾʮ鷳ˡһֻȻ֪˺Ȼô۶˫ͷߵɱҡ
赶ɱˣ
ȻҷųǽɱҡֱûǶĴ󲻾
˵
âڱĸоֻˣҳĬţ˭ڱҡ
٣һ˭Ȼͨһ̲鵽ġ˾˶ѡ֮ǰһΪõǵ֮صľлƬмֱ£ڿҲɺϰˡ
ʱҲҵݣȻ˵֮ЩͻصǴ֮Уеʱо
Ȼܸʵ֮Ҳҵõ֣ܷ
û취ˣֻƴˡ
ҵ֮뵽仰ʱҺȻоŵΪ֮һ
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𶯣·ӱо𶯣һվն˫ֱ̱Ȼд޴ŭ𣺡󵨣ҳӡɱ
һڴ۶˫ͷߵΧ·ӡȻֱ߳š
Źرһ˿ˡ
ӡ
֪̾ʲô飬ӦǻƴȥҵǸɱĳڳӡôƴɵǳɹ˻ʧˣɱ鰡ںһߣұϲ
ᣡ
ʲôԭʱҺʹ۶˫ͷڵڣһ
ԪӤڻϣϵĻǵûмСӵ財ԪӤڻӳ֮£Եʮ£ͷϵǳǳһëԵʮ

ԪӤǿ׽ȥȻͨ죬˫Ŀ֮Ҳһɻơ

һɷƴԪӤʱƷƣȼյĸӾҡת֮ͬԭһ𣬽ҵĹӣʹÿһ֮֮̽еĶ
˫Ŀһڡ
Ѫгʣ𣬺ݺһն
硣
ԱĴ۶˫ͷڴ룬еĽ۾СʱһȻθ·漴һնһճҺ˳
˻˻˻˻
۶˫ͷ߶ʱ۵˻˻ҽУѪҺĵǣԴŭĳ˺ҧ
ߣھǸ۵ʱˡ
ҺȻһЦηľٽͳնɱȥ
ڴ˿̡
ţȻ뿪ˣ
޴ĵѿһ϶бһ޴ĺӰ
˭


508 ô
𺮱ƺһЩ֮г˲ս֮⡣·жûͣµĶУҲҪҸͶֱɱĵϡҶһȴѿĵһڸݵֱҪ
ֱ۱𺮱Ҫݸָ׸Ǻ䣬ǹ
˻˻
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ڴʱǽҽдֻƷ۷֮еɳ漴¶־Ŀһ󣬱ǰȾܣʲôΪֲĶ׷
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ϧֽģԶһ

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һɴϲ
ԵĹǺԹ֮ȡȻӿ֮ȻѹȻһڿϢ漴ֱȥ
ͳһѭʹù޷Ҳ޷
ҵһϢﱻȫѹסٻĶԻҲʮּѡ
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ǹ֮ӡ֪жãûԣҲǶԹϢӦġôʮ޼֮ضù
һѪзɳ̤ϣ

ԪӤܰһ˿ȻСǰʱĿȻ˺ΰ
ҽųȥȻֱۻڹš
ʮ޼Ϊع
ˣ
ҵƴڹϣŸоһ˿ǹڵĵ֮˸Ӧ漴ҵ֮½ֵֻĲٿء
ϲ⣬ʱڹٴɣʹø
ʱ֮еͷǶʼ
رԶľ޴ͷɵ۾һдŵɫĻȼĻ˹
ɫһ䣬ӿΪ񱩣ֱѾ֮С
ţ󵨵Ȼ͵
һ֣ͷйâ˸ȫ˹ͬʱȡ





522 ˵̫
⣡
޴Ŀ־гҵȫڱץ˳ʱߵͷҲȫ뺰һ֡Ǿ޴ڱڿ֮лţֱײҵ֮УҶʱоԺ졣
漴еĹһ𣬽ѹסǰҵͨȴͷǵ䶯֮»ʼա
ǽھȻͷɵģ鲻֪˶
漴Ǿֱֱӳץ㣬һҸסǱҪޣ·Ҫﶼʴ˥ֱܵӽ˵ʴǹ
֮бסָҵꡣ
֮뽫еĹ£Ȼض·ǹ;
аɢ
֮ǰĻһᱻ򵹡ڲطϻѾԼеȥˣ޷Ҳ˺
ҴһһᣬȻ˶ɡ
ʱצץһ亹Ѫ֮յУ漴ڵʯ֮䣬⻮һն
նڹǾָϣʱһָͷն
ָͷϵĹͷһͽЩͷǸż˳ȥȻЩͷǾͱøӽˡ
һץΧȫͷڷ裬ͷֻͨʣһĿȡ
ߣ
潣Ͽշȥͬʱ֮𣬶ʱٶȱøתۼͨĿϡǾʱȻһأڷ·˱ը
Ҽæӣ֮Уũ໥ײ໥ѹȻ˭˭
ˣũ˼ǵظһսһˡΣ콫߷ֿȻҲΣա
Ԧйµӡƹȴʮֲ֡æũסҪͣ
ʱ壬Ȼоһ㱻һֻǾ˵ֱ۸ץס

ϵͷ뷢ſ˺ҧһѪⱻ˺ҧеĹʱʧһɹо
ּ£⻼
Ǿץϣǿ٣Ȼֻҽ֡ʱһǾ˵ֱҲչҲǽץסʱҵ֮ѹһ
ģҲؼˣʲôʱǾװʺˡȽǰѹضȹ˵үĹүũ
Ҷʱƿڴ˫Ŀ죬Ѿҧֻʣ¹ͷˡ
ʱũͣ˵һӿһҩҵĹ޲ϡҲʾһ𵴳ֱֻ۸
Ȼ
Ǿͽһ𣬶ĬҶʱɵˡƺΪ˴£ѡ˴˳Ĭ˭Ҳ˭
Ͱס˰ʱߵҶ޷á
ĻҴӵصӳȥļʣֽͲ١
ˣһǶİ
ʱѾûʱȥ˼ôǵİæʱϷͨѾֻʣ֮һǾ˵ֱ۴϶Ѿҵȥ·ˡ
ڵص𣬽ҵĶ䶼Ҫ
ڵǻȴЦ
̫࣬ҸӦǣվû˼Ǹͺһʵ
ֱۺȰĹҷЦˣ漴
漴һɭȻӶһ޴Ĺ⽣Ѫѹȸղһ
⣬ػ֮
һػԼػֵһС
ûã
Ǿ˫֮ٴߣռ䶼ˣһѷ쾹ȻԵ˸ֱҪɵ
ҵȴЦŵº˯ŵ¶һ˿â
ΪһҪն𣬼ֱЦ
˯ţɱסǾֻõץҡʱΪЩͷĲҽУʱʱʱҪƵãвٵĹͷס
ЩͷĶڱܿ
ҵػ֮նģ˯ԭЩͷǣΪ˽նɱһͼնɱǽŭ

ڹǾ˾ĺ֮УһΪõĹâֱ£ٶԽԽ죬ǡ
â̴ҪͷǷȴֻǱ㣬ȻݺĶͷϡ
꣡⽣ѣĶͷҲһ˿ڣ̾еɷ֮ͺѪҺ

۾һ˿â˸ڹͷе忪ʼŤ
췭ظ
䡺ɳͷˣӵϣҪѹס̫֮ǿˣҸͲһ档

Ǿ˴ţҵĹͣסҪѹ
ѪٻӣٴնһϷĹͷն顣漴ͨ¶˳ȻѸٵɣֱ˵С
ټԣˣ
ǹǾˣһ仰ɢڿУƺԼԼǾ˵ŭ
УоƬضڲҽ£ҸоǶڲţһƬƬѺڵγɡͺһڷƵãڹȻ˵
ȷڷȡ˹ȻҪû
˻˻໣
һƵ֮Եص𣬵ԽԽǿ
ǰĲط壬ȻɢɫĹâѹ𶯡Ҳ޼£ͳĵֻ֮½ɵѣûа취ѹ
ǲط߰ѹ
ڵˣ
īˮĲط棬ҲɵùЦ
ǲǸ˵е̫ˣ
ʱһתͷȥȴƤž壬ĶңгԹޡ


523 
ҸոߵСԺſڣѷѿֲĹɶʱȥֻһ£оȻȥľͳʮɡʱڰУһϱľӰڿɡ
Ǿֻ֮Ҫڷû˭赲ˡ
Ÿ޷ڷɣֻܾ
ѡ
ҿǰûƤƤҳĬˡʱҰʱ򣬵Ӧòǣһ˭Ȼ˵ĺ⡣ʵڹòʱòԹеĹûϳҵʦӡ
Ƥг˺⣬ȴЩơ
ӣڤڤ֮еĸо֮ǰӦþָʹ۶˫ͷҧɱҡ
ΪʦĲ֣ôƵġ˹ҲҶʹúãҾû˹ҲͷˡƤδͼϵѺ֮˸һȻƵû£
漴Χ˴֮֮ȴһ޴Ӱ˴еȻһ̽˾Ӱ֮С
໣໣
ӰʱҽУȻ˻ȥŤţƬƬĹԹּ֮Уʹۡ

ڣ֮鱻ٴ˵£ֻѲЩ
Ǹոһ£֮ȥĹͳγһյشܳĹٱ򱶣֮齫ǳƻĲˣǸӺηĳ缢ƿʵš
ЩѹֲסȻֱӱըҲ޷ַֹ
ط棬˴
ҽĵһɣȻָʹ۶˫ͷҧɱҡͷβļңʱʱ̶̿Ҫء˭벻ԼǺδ㣡
طеϵǽлеߣԼӸС˽ϣеŶ⿪
ݡ
֮ʮأҸϲ˭
ԣƤ㶣ȻЦֱƤ͹۾Ĺ￴ţָоз·ҪŻ³ȻҸо䶼ģˡ
㾹Ȼˣܺãǳáû뵽ǣ㾹ȻܴӺӳﵽƷ۷ĲΣȻ̶ʱߵزҲûš
ƤЦĺɭƤסѪֱȻʳѪҺ
һǵѪҺ漴ֵľŵУȻ˫ֱȥĺ۱ŵĹĶ
Ƥ˫һǰһ۾Ȼī
ݷ֮䣬һ˿˿ɫй¶ҷƤȻʵ
Ƥļ֮䣬һڵƤʲȻ䵱Ƥ
漴嶼ںɫƤϡ
ǿֲӰ
һаɡ
ӰƤƤֱǿһΣֱ벽Ҫ̤ƷˡһЦаһڹǽ
ѾɹƤұѹʱڹۡ
֮ͣھŴԪӤΣڹɵƷ۷壬ΪһֻҪƽƿصĹȴûôࡣ
ʱȴܲôˣũ֮ٻٿ飬Ϊ
ũ޷תһһҲǳۡ
ʱǰһƤѾЦųҵǰһڵĳźХ֮ݺݶҵԴ
ͻնɫ΢䣬֣֮߶漴סһͬʱҵθоǿķ˳ƶˡ
⽣֮УҸоһ˿Ϥ
㲻ǽ߳𣬼Ҽˣڽһأ粽׷ϡ漴Ƶڿһ㣬ֱӳǰ
һӦúϤɡƤȻֱЦһնֱնҵš
˫ĿһһȻϤҵļý֮˲ܸӡġȴΪϡ٣ƤһνҾ֪⽣ˡ
䵱ɽν
ཹ
ཹڷ̳ˡôֵģ˵ʱӦֱڷɢ
Է֣㱻ƤĹ޿ɱܣʱֻٴʮ顣

СԺ֮еĵ澹ȻҲȵѿһ޴֩Ĺ漴Щذ˷ɻҡ
ϧ´ˣҲཹȥɣҾȻסһƤ˸࣬ʱһĪ˳ѪֱӺҵĹ壬˳Źһ·ƻ
ƺһˣȻײСԺԺǽϡ
ȵ·ֱײʱҪڻƵáֱԪӤ֮ʱһԪӤȵס·סһС̫
³һһ˿ȼա
⾹䵱ɽĴڵ֮չһֻȻܵõڵǳչҲཹһﵽ˭
֮ɲͬ𰡣ǿˮݵĴڣƤô˺Լġ
ʱƤȻ³һѪҺһͻѪӣ׹ʵϵƷˣﻹĹ塣
һڣŴ֮
û뵽㾹Ȼ֮Ȥѹֺ㣬Ϊôֻ˼ͽ֮⣬лð֮Ƥٴβ˲ѪҺüΪ
㹥ôˬǵõ洫ģͻɡ˦˦֣ڱ֮յƾԭ漴ҽѪ̧
תҵԪӤ֮ӿ漴ҽƤĻԭⲻĻ
һаɣϡ


524 ȥ
ս֮УҵĹڴﵽһ൱ǿľŴԪӢΣǰƤЩ롣
ŹûеԪӤʹҵศɣƥС
ѪתˮͷǷ·ڿš
ΪҺ޹˼תӶֱӳĽӡҵྐྵȻʼһ˿ֱҪڻûƷɵĲξͻΪʵˣֻƺȱһЩΪʵ
ƤҪҹҡ
Ҳû¶Ҫôνû취Ϊʩչ˴֮ˣ˺ǺӰƤսȥ
̶ʱ֮ڣ㾹ȻͰʵ嶼Ҫ۳ˣǾƾһҵķƲ˰ƤɭȻһЦڽ
Ƽģ۾һС
ԴӳչĴ֮⣬˾Ѿȫϣʱʵǿˡ
ԭһֱŴ֮ӰĹ塣ΪӦɥӵϴ֮ΪƷɡ
սӵĽϴĸӴˡ
ܲƷԾ֪ˡ̧ۣԺвϻŽСʦģཹģҵģҵġ
ЩҵԺһţֻʣһΪ򵥵Ľ
ҵҵ嶼ΪԱӳ汻ҵֱӲȳ߶ӡ
Ҳ׽ƤеΪһӰӣĿ϶ֱ֮ӵǰ˫֮ӣ漴һֱüġ
̡
ԵģΪ򵥵һֲ̣򵥡ҽҵľ־⣬ע档
ۣۣ
תţһ·ԩƺҪƤɡŸǵһȫʹѪеĿȫ¶
һ֮䣬ʱ䶼Ҫֹͣ
ƤӰһ£漴ǷӦҵһûжܡ
漴Դʱѳ룬һƵýѪнҧסɫأһӽ𣬵ƤֱӾ͸ɣֻһ˿ѪҺ
ҲôԭҲĳ̶ȰƤѪҺƤܲˣĺڽ¶ֱҵԴ
ҰβѪУֻܺȻˣյĶһ漴һͣͷȥ
ȴһ߳˿ڳڵص߹֮£һԴ˺˿ڣϡ
֮еĹ˼䲻ͬںܶ෨ʩչֲǹȻʹһʱ֮侹ֻܸƤƽ֡
Ƥ֮Уƺйһ㡣

ȴûд𻰣˫âָ˲Ѫ֮е𡣱һ죬ѪһɻⱬըʱͼƤԴȻһ£漴Ȼһ
ۣ
ԽѪⱻըϡãȻ̻һڵϾȻĿնЩȼյĲʹõ汻ճһĿӶ
ʱƤԴըɣѪҺȪƵ߰׸ߣС嶼ը顣
Ƥͷ
ն
ٴѪУѪ֮ת𶯣ٴλƤնءʱƤûгȥֻҪʱͿԻָ塣
廹䶯ֻҪۼһ𣬾ٴλָ
һ̤סѪУ֮ѪбһȼյĻ𽣡
ɣ
Ѫлնʱ˭ֻҪնɱˣҵвҲͽˡȻʱЩɢ䶯ŵֺͣȻһӡ

ֻһûĴ죬漴ҵѪб˵Ĳ𶯣ϵĻʱϨϵˮͷǶҵǺƲƵģʧ˴롣
ãֻܿǹ֮Ǹ壬˫ۻɢ
ԪӤ֮Уǿž
Ϊ˻˺ܶ෽Ϊڵ֮棬Ҳ˺ܶ෽һҲĸԸΪҪһ죬㳹ɱ졣ΪҲ㣬ȴ㣬⣬Ⱑ
ƤԴɣĺ£ӿҪϵĹ
ӵ£Ҳϵеʴȴ籭ˮнϸ
ۼƤѾԭӽƤЩֲסֻõûе
ǧ֮һҵ͹õ䣬ʼָ
Ϊұֲֵֹӣȴֵ𣿡Ϊʱ䣬ҺȻ˵
ֻҪٸʮӣʮӾͺãҾָܻ
Ƥ岻ߣزѾȫָһöƲӲӵľ塣
ȻֵãֻҪɱ㣬Ǿʮֵá㣬㡭ƤһаΧ壬Ҳ񱩵롣
һɹɷ֮ڵصɡ
Ǳƣɷ֮ӿ˽ƤɷԹ޸
ֻ˵˵ţ۾úʹࡣѪͳ۾ͺڿƵá
ĿıˣκεĹҪӿ
ڴʱָٶȼӿ졣
٣ԼȴֵˣԹ԰ԹˣԾءˮôҲںһôˣҳɡ
ǺӰٴδðһɹɷϢԽԽŨԭǺӰԴȪȻɷϢ
ܺãǴа
ʱҵѾָС룬˫ֶָֻҪӣҾܺˡ
ǺӰĻҲҳ˼⵽ô¡
ҵ壬ҹȥ
Ƥ˻ƵĽţԴʹĽƤϵƤȴǻĿ壬ʹжԼƿء


525 ʬ
䣡
Ƥ֮ѹȻҶʱ˳ȥײľդϡդǲطĽƤս˿ûжӰ죬һҸסȻ赲˻ѹ
ƤĹ֮ƺ꣬˵ʶ˷硣
ǺӰʱʱ̶̿ҪƤƤȴʮּͣһֱûбɡˣƤʱʱ̵̿ǿԼϴڵɷʹӴ
֮ǰײɥӵʱǺɫҺ壬Ҳܡ
ҺȻоһ˿Ϥ漴Ȼͷⲻ͸ܵħʴһĵ
ƤԭǿþԸǺںӰģȴһֱûж֡
ʱƤѾȫԭˣȴԼԼܣšƤ嶼ɫӰӸסһɫĳ̽壬ȻѪҺƤϽЩγȴ޷Щڽͬʱγ
ɣһúûȥ㱻ɾΪñ˳𡣡
Ϊһĵô޷ҡ
ƤʱֹͣɺڽУҸо궼ƽΧ·籩еУҲֹͣ
ɷԴӰĹԽԽСƤѾռϷ硣

ټһ£ҾͿԻָˡ
ʱҴԭ֮лһѹָоҺȻϲһ壬˾Һķ˰ٷ֮һŽ
ˣ˵ز˾ߡ
ҽŲһҪ뿪ǴʱɭȻ֮
ߣ
壡
ƤƺѾǺӰһ£ҪҸնɱʱźɫƤзɭоɢ̶Ĳ漴ɢ
ҶʱԴһΣҲûǾֱӽӴ̽ҧأ֮
飡
Ծ㳯Ŷ߼䡣
Ҳûд⣬˳γһĤڵҵ֮档ҲҵãֻҪҲڱǾֱӰ졣
ͬʱҵظݺ˿һȭĲλʱǸոһѪҺʹҵĿ漴֮һɣԿǻ֮緢ѪʱΪһɷԲĻֱƤ
Ѫ֮ԭֵһ˿ɫȥɫӲ԰ס
û̫ܵӰ죬ƤЩ񣬵漴֮һƬʺ
𣿡
ƣƤһ漴ҵĻֻ֮ɫ˿
漴һ貹â˸һɴ֮Ӵѹ涼ڻˡֻƤжʱһɵİ׳ɢųȵƤϵĺӰһȻС
ƤѪⶼðֱӱˡ
껹⣬ȥһȣƤʱС̫˳ȥȻ嶼ࡣ
Ȼ֮ڰײһֻ֨һ죬ǽӵλñһƵɢݳֱ֮޹ɡ
һոͻƷĹɱԶԶײû뵽콫⡣

ǹֱӱɢݵճ˻ҽʱΧҪۿ˵ĹɸˣֻڲԶֹۼγƺʲô󷨡ЩֹȻƷ۷Ĵڡ
ǿֱǳչĴնƵáһﵽʲôͷչཹ䵱ɽָȴѧġθ˳Թ޴ϵĴҲԿ֮еײΧĿƺѿ
𵴣֮еԪӤҲǻɳȻøӻԲ
ԪӤøӵӦ֣ѪнŻ򣬽򲻶𶯡ϵķ֮ƤĴ֮Ҳڲš
û뵽㾹Ҳ£п֮ﰡ
ƤĻ·ҵɫҲЩ仯漴ҵ֮оһɴ̶˵ѾûôǿӰɶҵ塣
ʱЩѳֲסȻˣѾ֧Ųס
Уܺˣѹ
ƤǾ岻ϵҡţͺڶҽ˫Ŀ֮¶˼㣬ũ֮еóʮԼʮű顣һڿƯţɢֽȻͬ
Ƥһ裬¶ɻ󣬵ȴûͣ¡
ȻҲ֪˴˳ԹҲ׸
ܵһһεײƺŲЩ趼άֲס漴˫Ŀһ䣬ҧҧһöҵĿƣƤĿֱ֮ӷɳӿ˻֮С
ƤľȻӰҵ꣬ӰЩ衣
ʱ෴ڹ֮ٴײռ䶼Ťģ
䣡
ڣڿбը˸ĿĹâֱӱһУʱ궼˻ԣģģĲ֪˶Զ
ƤʱͲҽһ˫Ŀֱҽ˵صף궼ըûˡ
ǿİԻǻ˺
ΧﷶΧ֮ڣǸСԺĽȫΪɻңƤһɶеƷûһֻӹģֹĿ׶˺ѿʹǹܵˡ
ƤҽƱˮ֮󣬲ͣ
ʱƤվİ嶼ûˣ¶пֲ࣬ڲϵ䶯š
˳ϢңҳҪʬΣƤٻֹʱӦ漴ϢûǵĶӳԺУȻǾ͸оеϢ
ǣ
ֹ㳲


526 Σ
壬ȵʹ֮ʵķ飬Ȼֱӱը﷽Բֱ֮⵽޲𱩻Ƥ׵壬С
ҵǱԼɣֱ֮ӱһ룬ʮ
ʱȻ˯Ҫεȥ
Σ˯һ˯ΣˣϽ뿪ûд˺֮лָʱܵ͡
ʱ;һǿдΪһӰǱȥ
ұɵķǱұӱƵȥ߳ţƤٽӴ
ƤضȫҵĴڣڳУضܵѲ顣
֮йɵֻڼͷû귴ԽԽࡣ֮еսЩɱ֮
ֹҲ޷һȫѺֱӾ͵ظɱȻ̳ȥ
֮УŹ֮Ϸ롣
ҵԪӤ֮лһϢԼĴȻڶ֮ȥȻܵشҵٶȴһʱ䣬ҾϢ˳ſڣ˵Ѿ֮ˡ
ʵʱõطڳڰʧصĹȻɹɵ̫ӣҪҺķȥòʧ
ҪǹũܱҵǾͺˣ˭ܵסҡϧǾүƵڣõıֻлѪˡ
ȻԹţȴûıԹһжҪĻҪԼ
ʱеֻʣһ룬֮˵Ϊأ˻ԪӤƷмĲΣԪӤƽʱҪһƷ۷Ĺɣֻ֮ƽ֡Ƥְֻ̤ƷɵĴڣֻˡ
˴ڵصףƤսʱ̫ͱ飬оũпտյġ
Ȼֻʣٶһٶ裬αըûˡҿɲһΣǸ̫ˡ
ԶԶŶŴİУ˫γɵĽ绹ڲϵĹĶ·ʱпܴƿֻ֪Ҫ¶һ˿϶ط֪ʱ򻹲֪ʲôķʽŭء
ҲǼƻһּƻʱгޱȡ
ط棬ڿʼĽ档
ƴɣھ͵ĺϢˣ㲻ܴСĳ֣Ҿֻɱȥطͬھˡ
ϣƤҪ׷ʱŵΣҾƴűط淢֣ҲҪɱ⻹֪㵲ס
ҿũ֮һɫĵ裬һɫĵ裬ɭȻЦ
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Ҷʱϲȥҵɱоܶʹüˡ
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528 
Ŷ麣ҹЦı·һӣƤ²䶯ѪʱҪƵáָ׷գʱ侹Ȼֱӳһ߳䶯طȴήȥ
ҸоԾһؿڣʱȴȻ۾
ϷҪź
ۣ麣ҹܵشȴûѪҺȻ³һ仰֮ͫױɢ漴ĺȻһǣſ¶˷϶һķ϶֮бȥ

ţմճҺֱӳұ䡣

麣ҹһƤƵõȥЩʧˡ漴ɭȻһЦˮͷˮͷǶʱˮͷǷ·һѣֱӽЩк̳ȥ
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ȽϺãҲ㡣麣ҹ˫һ飬㽫ϣʱꪻһֱӳҿһһŸߴιնֱӴն

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529 
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530 С
ƤѾȫԭһƥֹҪߴֽȻйսİƤΧͣȻᣬȻڵץһ˿ҳ˳漴ЩۼֱһѪȻѪͳһָʾ
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ԭһģ֮ʹú˾ϫȻҹͨѹֶ麣ҹ֮ǰᷢһԭԭ򰡡
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ҴʱѾˣ֧޼ڷ磬š漴ϵҲԽԽǿĺڷжϣұоǰδеĥѡ


537 Ű
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538 
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С֮һţһֱڹעŰƤ֮е
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539 û
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û뵽ΪΣȻһΪ커硣һ㻹ܵסƾƷΪҪսԲľ磿ط˺漴Ц˵
Ҳ֪ĺ޻֮Ͳɱҡ
ƷΪķһʱź¶˵ġȻʱҵȻѹס޷˵ˡ
ղѾֵ˸գܽҵİ˴ԪӤָ֮ɢ˵ѾӴعѾﵽ½ɵĲط档
ֻҾǽŴηȫٻ޷Բطɰ˺ɡ
Բһ˵ĴԲѣһǿĵֵסʮߴǹˣʮ˴ˣ߰˴ȭӡص˺ۣǽ֮У㱻Լѱˡ𵭵طӣԵζʮԣȻ˵
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ҾȵĿŲط棬ֻǸоϢҶѣû뵽Ȼ˵״̬˵ʱȴܶҲôǿѹǲط档
ҵȭͷĽģһԲ
һȺҶѣΪƷ۷壬ˣʶ֮ǰ½ɡֿСȻᱻȫˡڰЩӲͷҲùġ
ط⻰ղڹзاʱһӡú
ʱڣû뵽ѱ䡣˿ЩǲͬģʱһͬԲط淢˹ġ
֮ǰͶͬʱԲط淢𹥻
ԲطԸ񣬾ֻһѱ䣬ôӦǻӣĲطͶҲֻиһ֡
ôҲû뵽طֻһѾǿֵز
ɱѱ䲿£潻ƿأԼһȳҡۣй֮࣬óķ֮磬ȻܵסЩǵĹ
ֻУŰҲѾ˵Եʰɡ
ԼҲѱ䣬ְֱѱ֮Լ⣬ʹɱ֣Ҳ̫ȲһָȲϡҲȲϣԼ£ΣصĹ򣡡
ҡҡͷʮֵĮȻ漴ƺʲôüͷ
Ҳһ𣬰˵ն֮ӦǲٹעңΪʲôҵĶôڵλҲôѵΪʱʱ̿ǣ
Ҫ֪ԪӤ磬ǿϢģǲ˷֣ѱ֡
ط֮£Ȼܷңء
ұȲһССԪӤڣ
ط·ȫЦЦָҹЦ漴䣬Ȼ˵һȲŵ꣬ȻľǿޱȣڻţѾˡ
ʵŵ걾Ѿﵽľ磬նʬʱ⣬Żѡ⣬Ȼһǧ
Ȼ˵ط治ңʱŭ˲ط档
Ҿ㿴Ҿ;ﲻǣطЦ֮Ŀһ

ϺȻһϽ£ȹģƽڡ漴䣬һһֳһӡŽ
һɾ󣬷·ƮƮ˷ȥ
󣬺ʱ𶯣Ҳǻһ
ŵ꣡
ɲɽйŵģŵ£ֳնаټϼ۳룬ǻһģһˡЩʵ壬ģġû뵽ЩնаȻȫطҵ
ӣ΢΢漴ȴҡҡͷ
ϧ㲻̫ˣ̫ˡΣĽһá
Ǹڼޱȵ󣬺𻺻³һֽѪһȻ󳤽ƽƽңָط棬𶯡
ɣҿ㾿ܴﵽͣ
˵գһɱ𷽲ŻҪǿֵըֱط档


541 Ȳ
еȻ˵ŵꡣʱѪ֣㽫еĺɡһߣǺɡֱתɵҵͷӡϡ漴һůůĹâɡ·סͺˣȻյ̫Ƶá
ȻʱɡǷ˷ȫĵĽͶ뵽˹֮С
ϣһɹɢһϢ
ڹ֮ûкɡĵֵƾӲܿͻɷ壬ʧתΪʱ֮ȫı䣬ʹʵ½ɡҷҪˣֻǸѡ
ط濴ź𽫺ɡƺΪʲôѡСҡ
һΥĵطָԤʼգûҪط棬һһε
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ط۷裬Ϣӻңһڲ֮Ϊ˫˳
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Ѫо֮ײӡϱ
Ҷʱй©˫ɣƵЩ۾ᣬ漴գգۡԼֻһʱ䣬۾ʱȴǵѾǧٿףȻ𣬽̤գֽս
֮УʱȾ˺ɫһȴǴںڵĺɫǲط档
طնаһһ̣·ְһһӳһһá֮䣬·ѩԽԽǿ
Ȼȴޱ飬Ѫ֮Գʹ֮ת
߱ϲ£ײ쳹ʣһǴӿеЩֻһ㣬䵽ϵʱ򣬱㻯Ϊ޴Ļ򣬺Ȼը졣
ӣ֮еĹĴƬ
ԭڲطֵʱЩɱѾֵסֹͣ˻ҡǿ֮սʹ磬Ϊǣ֮֡ӹҲ޷ˣʱ׷׳ǵĸŴܡ
ܣûôףʱսеĲطһ㣬ߵǳŶʱ׷׹رգеĹ档
ڲط֮ʱȴ˼򣬶ʱһѪⷭ
ս֮УɲðİȻٽٴλӳһĹâΪڰ׶ɫ໥ֱطȥ
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еϢһӹʱγڵͨǽϢȫų֮γɵͨ
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֮ϾȻ˸ɫ׹⡣漴ϺڵĹâʢӿĺڻȻ淭۽漴һϹⷭڼӿ˴ƽ˫֮䣬׻֮
壬·ֽ٣·ǳݿ࣬йϱڱ˷
Ǹǧ׵ľ룬ҲܸоĿ񱩣ڱǺɡһûб

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˵ʱʱ죬Ƕ̶һ˲䣬ײһ
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飡ҵǵĵ涼ɣڵص׵֮ʱҽС
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ŵնعɣõһ֮£ҵȴԵЩС
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û뵽㾹ȻһҲᡣΣһУ׽ط֮ͨ⣬ҲϹɵİݷͼЦһһС

ϺȻ𶯣ͺһ޴ĴҽصɣҸоص֮໲ҽУֹͣŤ漴˴֮кȻԱųһ׹⣬·˸̫ƵƯڲطߣâƺҪѪɫ̫âȥ
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ײʱ򣬵治ϲţһѷɣŵĹɷ·ȹϵϣš
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Ҫȥһ㣡漴ɡΪһֱط档
ҵڣ裬飬תšʱ׼ǿһһۼҵԪӤ֮УֻҪҪһ̤Ȼ޼ڷɢע
Ȼ׻𽻻壬ʹÿΣء
㿴ǸȻҪ㡣ǲǺܴС㣡طһɨ㷢ҵĴڣ𽻻֮
ϣŲ̬ĺ죬촽ȴںˡ
ԭɫ԰ףÿһ֮µȴԽ·ʱᱻطնڽ¡ʱطĻɫһ䣬ͷȥ㿴ǧ֮ҡʱĽɢңطûơ
սзģǴɰطЦʱ֮ɢݵİ˵׹ٴξ£Ϊ˵֫

𴥲С˵׳ֳ˷ڿУ漴û˵֮УͺÿһΪһȻ³
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һĻ֮ǰҲ֮ҲסģʱһѪֱҵšʲôͷûˣֻкһˣ֮ʹƺߣʱһ
ˣҲʲôΣգȫӿʣµǧһζ
Ҵһ漴ũеĵٻղ漴Ϊҵֱֱײط棬ط֮⣬ԺĹʱͣ
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ը֮УҲûֱͣںǰѪУһ֮ϡ

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ʱ˲ôˣʱˡ
ʲô㣬ͨȥһӳȥӳȥҲȴһ˺ûвʱĺȴǴĿңƽǣһƿЦı顣
ҵĻ۽ǺȻᣬҡҡͷ
ûõġ
˵廹³ҲϵıҪ֮зԾʱȴͬ۵
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Ը⣬Ը⣬ҽҲ뿴㱻˵һʱ򣬺Цˣƺھܾҡ
Һ񣬼һʲôˣ񣬺񡭡𾲾Ҫҵһȥ̾˿ճյĿţ૵˵
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ãִ𣬼ն£翪ʼ䡣ʱ󾪡ʱҪǺľ䣬ô˵ȴǴΣհ
ҵķ·𱻺ݺݾһѣ粻ٵ䣬Ҽ

ʹĲҽǲط棬һжᷢͲôʹ࣬Ҳôĥ
ͬʱҲԼ
Сأ
ҽںεء
ʱ򣬺Ŀٴαãҵ
ĵĺҲ˽ˡطӱתͷȥȴϵĻҳһȾϽ˺۶ûС
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ȻǣʼնϰҸ㰲ŵ·ߣҲֻԼ֣ĨɱʱǿнĻǸգյͳˡ
طЦЦ漴նаǰһնҶʱѪնӭ˫
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СΣ㻹ǰĸɡط־ͽѪһͣһֱҵԪӤ꣬塣
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ǰģȴһĺɡ
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СΣлл㣬ǽڶϲˡϧҪһʶͺˡˣӴԺ˽㣬úõİСɣǸŮһҪúö
ٻףֻͷ΢΢һӡҵĶͷ漴ϱ˹̵ˮ
ȴĸһ̴ѪҺȪˮӿ漴۾徹Ȼ֮ɢƬʱͳ׻Ϊɻңһѱȥȴ˸ա
𰡰
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һ˲䣬ҵɨط棬״ħ


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543 ɺ֮˱п֮
ҵ֣ҵ£նȫơֱطһλ֮նɱ̻Ǿ飬ɢ
źһɢǰʧȥ˫۵״ħԴֻһͷ
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ڵҪıԪӤֱӱǵŴ磬漴ǡһ޼ڷʱٻֱҵꡣʱҲܲˣһͷײط档
طʱҲ񣬵ȵײʱŷӦûüоؿһۡ
ҧסؿڣеĹâѾʧ¶˵ָҧһ
طоʹҪ𿪣ȴ֮һڷڤ
طϢͺ񣬴ʱ޼ڷʱΪͬһˣڷ֮󣬷·ҪƬضɡ·֮Уʮ֮ڴݲ
ǲطֻһۡ
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˻֣֮ĺڷɢȥˡֻʱڣϢʮң·һҩͰҪը
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ұˤ߻أԴѣޱȣһ˿ȴǱԺǷʶɵ
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ǺȻ֮䣬ؼϢΪĵӣĽź嶤˶ߵĳǽϡ
طںʧĵطץץʲôҲûץӿŭƱ̾ϢĿȻطֽǰ֮ȥԭ֮ɡ뵽С
ѪзһߣȥǺɡ
طڵϢˣһҵϢʹ֮жڲšѿ˴еıϢ뵽Уʹóǳرһ޴Ļҵ
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ת֮ȻСֻ֮·ÿʼհŵ꣬Ҳòȥ
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ѵΪҽôҪĵ߷ԼٵĿռ֮ڣûаַľߡѵΪԩеģΨһķ𣿡
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ЦҲط沼ȻֱʣֻΨһķǹ֮䷨ΪľרſũΪľɱʱûʲôֵֹĶ谭ҡطҴȸʱѪҺʵĸѸ٣ҵѸʧ
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ʱҵ½ͣɫ԰ףԾɿ¶һ˿Ųطͬڿһʧߣһ档
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ڴʱŵİ޷ӡеսڽӡѣӰ߳


544 ͳ
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ӡƶɮˣطܿܡɱһ֣ʹе漴ŵط̵ӣüͷ
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ʲôʲôǻû𣬾ӡƶɮҲϰȻ˵ֵܸǲط泤ĻҪӡƶɮ츳ֱˣȻǷֱ治ġɱȻ˵Ųܣڶȥ
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Ӧ˵õľǾȳĵۡʱǵѾˣʣµľǵȴ԰ꡣ˵ͬʱһϢֱ̰档
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545 ɱ
ҵԪӤʱҵԪӤһס꣬ԪӤ۾ſ嶼չȻ˫ĿĿӴҿЩɢƺĺܴ
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ˣһΪˣˣһҪ𣡡麣ҹʶڵõѣе
Ҳܸоǿʱң֮ǿ½ɣҲܶһӦòֹնӦն֮ط棬Ҳ֡
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漴վڲطǰһ֮ǰĿˡ
ط棬׼𣿡


546 һ
ط޻˵
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δȻиռ䣬һڵѷڽɡ
طɫ˫һȻնı˫Ȼ˱仯ȴǱ֮еĻȻը죬漴ȫգת֮仯ΪȻǻ֮ɫѾְ׳֮ɫӴҲճ˻ҽ
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˵εǰСķһƨȻ˲ط档ƴɳĬƬ̣Ȼԥ˵˵󣬱ҲǸ˳
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ŶγɿµԴ̽ȥ漴ҶֻΪ𣬽ЩԴ
ʱĲط棬ȫʧ֮һ˿Ϣʣط۾סҵ񣬳˺⣬ôޣһѾ˵ܳܡһʼѣ漴һ顣
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СļҲ֪ԣŶһɱߡҴʱ˫ڿвץţ漴һϢ
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Ҫҿԣ


547 ҡβ
Žطնɱڽ£ԾŶ֮ɡ͵ҵСϤİζҵһƬƽһź÷ڵѪڲϷӿ·ԤʾҴʱӦеŭ
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ȻҺȻڹ֮Уڹʱ֮󵽴ظתվ
նǽһҸնȴҲһնҵķ𽫹ҵļնˣȴһִԲŻȻնҵʱֵڡ
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죬

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548 
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Σ㿼ˣ罹Ĵ
Ҷʱһ漴亹乡ղȻʱʱ̵̿ľţڸԼ췣֮˵ʲôҪǾ췣֮һ仰˵ʱ򣬷·ͬʱɢһɹʶӦ
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ģѡġԭҸͲ˵ʲô˼ڿɲҪѡʱ
ģʱ򣬴ҵ֪һתʱұ㿪ʼ
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549 
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Ψһʼնûܵκε˺ۣ·еĽʯ
ǸСԺȴɢâ
ص֮Ťţ˼󣬽֮סʵڲط֮㿪ʼǵص׵ãպղҽУȴǵֵסҪ֮ͷϵСԺѹֻ֮Ҫ׵ˡ
СԺֻ֮йµһ䷿жˣǲطͰ
ֻϺǽ϶īˮԴӲط汻նɱ֮СԺͿʼƺΪط汯
ϵ״̬ڷγɹ壬ȥŶĹ
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ŶΪŶطȫʱɢ٣ҲҪʼطҲͻʼή·ʱҪΪһÿȻѡ
Ǿε뿪ʱ֮ϢͿʼı
ȣ˴֮вѷ죬Ȼһð漴֮ӵص׸˳ʱ֮ҽϵƬ׷׵Щ֮ʱҪϡ
صõô㿪ʼ£ǳؾȻ𣬾ͺ֮ǰ
ţ֮з޴˷ĹɷЩܵĹɹȫ˻
չḶ́ȴ졣еĹ꣬ѾΪ֪ж١
ʱ֮ѾСֻʮСһϢҲûƬʣ޼ͺϵѪѾեƵá
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漴˴֮УеĲҾ󱬷Щ궼ʼաڲ֮䣬һɹ΢ϢۼڹǵϿۡ
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漴죬۵Ķ㽥γһΡλûɣǿѹѹ֮еĹѹ޷
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漴ڳ֮УʱҲѾԭڹ֮дɼĺȳƵãǵ֮УȴκһҲǲطġ
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ŸߴʮɵɥӣЩ漴ǽľץסû죬ĸš
ɥӡΪ˽Ѳط棬ξҪˣϧϧ˵ſϧȴûж˸Уǻֽľһڣ漴ݺײɥӡ

޴ǣеĹ飬Ȼڵ֮ʱһ˿˿ͱǸطգʹ͸ʵȻط徹Ȼһ£·ʼࡣ
ʱ˫۶ڷ飬ԭͷĽľвѷ죬·ʱҪӿξܳ׵ıϡ
ڵϣһ̯ɫҺ岻صףľ衣
滹𶯣ͤ죬·ʱҪ
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ط΢΢ٴνľץסٴκݺȥ

ӾҵͤеڼֲסѺۡɥӸǷ·ڷ籩ҡڣԩ̬֮ŤһɫȪˮʳΪصǽľѾٳһ룬Ҳ˺ɫҺ塣
֮ԩ꽻ʱ̫ңȻ޷ܣ˱
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֮·һ̶ž漴֮һ·Ҫص

޴𶯲ɢȻ˲ͽǽľ飬ȻֻΪɻҡʱԩ裬ɥӣͤӵҲȻ飬ɥӺڿ𶯣һռѷ𶯲
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УһŹؼΪԣԩͿݹǸͬ

ʱڵصף֮ѾûŲطɪɪŲطһ֣Ǵ˸ΪʮɳԹԵ굽طĽ¡
һطȻﵽߣֻʣһ﷽ԲĿӶԼ㵵İ档
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ʱŭ﷽ԲĿӶٴ³
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λʡأɽ̽ľïУƼ󣬶ɽӸˣ®ӣ
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Ȼڴʱɽ֮еĳ֮ȫֹͣ·ʲô־飬Ȼ׷ֹͣ漴˳ڵϺ·ͷӬüͷһ壬۾ü֮һ̫Է˸
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󣬱˵֣Ȼǰ棬ط棬ȵȺ䶯µ
ֳһֲ̣ϱ仯šţǻƴɵֱֻ֮󣬲ͣ漴ֱðΪһĺۼû䵽ȥˡ
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552 
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553 ȸ
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΢΢һЦˣģҲġ

ȸӰһΪĭѣȻ󴫳һ仰ܣҰɣ
ǣ
ܲҽеȻҵ̬ȶʱͱˣʥ룬С


554 ɡۻ
Ϊҿ·ڶС׷ӱܿȥȻЩԶԶľڵأȻд񡣶Ҵʱվܵ󣬱ϾŵҲʦĴڣȻһ̬ڡ
ʱԶȥϷŵ˸
ܷ֮󣬱ǰһɽ嶥ҪƣдУһɽۣ֮ʮ﷽Բķ嶥ɽ֮һ˸ľ޴󹬵˸Ĺâɢġ
ʮɸߣ鴿죬һ֮Ϣ
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ȴ׼ս۵İվڿȸ࣬Ҿ¶Ϊ޵Ŀ⡣ҧĿ죬޲ð̻Ƶá

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֮Ȼʢɽ׽һֻʥɽ֮
ʵϣʱûдﵽ½ɼ𡣴ʱص壬ԽţǳΪ˴ʥֻ̫ȹ̡
ȸ˴ֻΪһ£Իǳŵȸ˿˰ĳޣȻ󽫺ɡȡƽǰĵϡ漴Ҵһϣ񣬿ſȸ
ȸʱ΢΢ӻȻ󵭵ĿһǺɡ漴üͷһ
漴޳ָ΢΢ȥɡУҵĶʱ
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ȸƺԸˣ˺ܾò˵
Ҷʱϲ֮䣬ЩϢˡ
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˵ͬʱȴɻ⣬С˵ʵǳ磬ᱻ¼ŵϣ漴ȸ㿪ˡ
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漴˵꣬ұǻ𼱻ǵҪ뿪
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ͬʱ䣬ҵҲʼԭѾ϶ΪһԪӤҲֱӱ𵴵Ŀʼ룬ĺҪ

ҳ³һ̤ɲƵĹ񹬡ԶĴ֮ǰѾмӰڿңҲоҵ״ûǰкһ߽˴֮С
ʱѾûκεľȥֱ滹˭ǰֻ֪ҧأԼʹû
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ŵ꿴üȻƺǸʲôȻ¶Цݡ
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Ҷŵ꿴ȥǰµŵꡣ
ŵ겢ûзſҵ֣ʱϵһΪһ塣űϵĺɡ¶ԱƺƺǾĽն۷徳ƣȻڲţҪֽɡȡȴƺ־Ѿе
ԭȻ˫ۣȴΪ飬粨
ҿŵ꣬ܵеĸ飬ҵȴҲʮֲζ
ȻʱŵȻ׿ҡ
Σܸо
ŵ꿴ҵ۾һ˿ЦݣȻһһ˵ϲ𡣡


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ŵһ㶣ҡҡͷ˵ȻһС

ڰ޵ȹɱµСıֱӱץ㵽ȻСľͿŵ꣬ʱЦ漴ƺоŵȼգصĿ
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Σ֮飬Ͱˣŵ˵űǺȻһžһʧɡӡ£йڵϡԪӤȴһҵ֮У漴񱩵ϯҵ壬и졣
֮ǰԪӤ壬ֻնĲΣԪӤʮ磬Ȼ졣
ƺһֳܲʱεȥ²֪
ͬʱʮɽ֮ĳһԲſڵ˯ΧֵҴܣ·ӶʱкȻһͬʱһǿƳɢݵϢγһʨǷ
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Ҳͺҵ壬ʹųһЩɫķɢ֮䣬㷢Ĺ͸ˡ边Ȼһ־Ө͸ĵɫҺ·˵֮ģǺ衣
ʱҸܵʹʮǿңֻڻ֮䣬òԡ
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ӵΪۣҲһֺ£нȵظ֮£Сĵõĺô
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560 Ҫȥ
һƣǾ𣬴ȥأҶҪҵָķ˵꣬ͷƺȹ⣬Ȼ󽫾ƺС翴ңȻĿ⽥תů˵ʲôվû˵ڡ
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ⲢĵطǴ˾ȻҲΪΪס
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ǶŴԣ˯ȻһҲ˵ĬĬȥȻĵĽջȥ漴ԱߵıĽġ
ôһ棬ʱ˺ܶ࣬ҺͶǽԻŮ۾ŮȻ𾴡
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567 ǰ
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ЩԹ˱֮²ܽȴһְӤƾɢźŨ̡
׺ҲǲĿһۣСиǾޱȣ·ڿһ
ʱӤѾֹͣҽУЩԹҲٱָӣʱֻʶŤǺǿϵ˺ҲѻָҷĲһ㡣
飬Ҷһȴһܶ
֪һѰⶫͲͨĹӤӤ̳Сѡ
ܳԪӤ
ڸղţһָйӤĶͷԪӤе͸¶档ŵϵǸ֮ӡͺǽҵ۵һּʹҿڷʹʮ֮γһ
ʹϣʹùӤ걻룬Ȼ󱻷
û뵽ǣǹӤǳԹ޵꾹Ȼֱ˳ֱֱУ漴Ǿź֮дƻֱֱײҵԪӤڿռ䡣
ԪӤʵʿڿռ֮У岻ͬһռ䣬ֱնңռںϡ
ӤȻܽ룬Щֲ
һʱʱɱֵ͵ϮﻹʱشǼ˵Ļ
ۣ
ǹӤҽţҵԪӤӣǼͿǸӤɡ
ʱҲ֪Ӥʵֻ֮ǰ˵һŮӻ֮زµġŮʵһ置ŮӣȴŵնʱȻӤնȻȴ᲻ԼĺӣԪӤȻӤһ
ٺŮ֮꣬ȻӤˣ׺ޱȵĹӤ

Ӥ¸¹Ц˫ֳҵԪӤץȥ


568 Ӥ
ӤĻǽ뵽ҵԪӤĿռ֮УȻҲγԪӤһ壬͵һΪһ߳ߵĹԪӤֱץʱھɱ֣Ӥ˺ҧ޶ԡ
Ȼð
꣡
ҵԪӤֻʮСץУȴƵýƸճ˻ҽʱֻʣƤīĹͷʱҵԪӤһɫƣͷȼŻ棬۸ǲӤͺȥץˮ˲Ź֣
Ҳ֪һ㣬ûеֿʼɱ֡
ۣҾԪӤӻվ˫ڷһ㽫۸˦˳ȥ
أ
۱ʮһŷƵóӤֹȥӤȥԹǺƺƵĳҪ۸סת֮Ϣֲ֮һĥƵýסԹһĥ
ḥ̂
Թֵס׷ױĥ˴ɷ֮ٱһתʧ١
ۣۡӤֱһʱջƸԭ漴һţͷһƬգȻӳ֣㽫ҵ۸ץסʱܻȼ𣬲ͨĻ棬ǹӤҲҪȼա
ȻӤҽŽֱն£ȻԶԶ׷ɿȥϵĹӡһ𣬱㽫Ӥֱ۸ѹ
ӤȴĿ¶׹⣬ſ˴죬;Ȼ廹

޴дǾ޴ͺһڶƵãҪΧû
ֱסۣȴֱӹɹԪӤҵԪӤſ֮⣬ѹô㶼ûиҲֻԪӤĴڲάҿ΢΢Ц
һðһǹӤ̫󣬾Ȼڵֵͬʱ롣
ӤǰɱԪӤڣ̳֮ϾȻҲҲԪӤǹӤҳ˯ڱ˰֮УǸ󺺲֮ǰ˲εʱżȻڵΪǧڡ
û뵽ǣȻǹӤֱӿ˶󺺡
ǰʱѾŴ͵͵һԪӤĸָ֣߳ɵ
ӾȻֻ߳ɵҪȫָֻҶܵвڣҵĶ֡
۰Ҹûжֱӱ̽ӤʱĵĴ漴ҪռҵĻȻҵ壬ҲǹӤõһС
ǲ̫ˣһô׵ıԵ𣿡ҵڴ
һ۷˰ֱڹӤϣ漴һӹӤ߿֮ʳӤʹſڵϴÿһ֮оͺһԹ鱻ֱɢӤսſһС
ʱͲӦ
СͫʱָĶסҵ壬֪ҴΣ֮СóȻжƻҵĲ𡣶׺ƴʱľ۵ĸšԹʧ֮ҲټС֮
СУʱȻΪ˵ֵԹ
ֻ˫ֺʮвͣžģһʹӿһġղŵԻͷϵһޣ㶼ǿʹԹȴ֡
߷ţγһֽס
ףȻսʤӤ𣿡ڴʱСͫһ漴ָеĹӤȻҵŤðڵѪҺ
ͬʱ䣬Թһ˳Ƶ˵ĸɸɾֱӿ˹Ӥڡ
漴ЩԹ龹סҵֱۣȻҵڴ̹
ɣΪֵסİɡҪҪҰȿˣɹӤļ֮󵽴ɱˣ׺ƿһĻȻһЦ漴ľ
ٴαСͫһš
죬עСʱţȻӤʱֻܳ»ܵ˺Сͫ˵׺۵죬ǲҷСƵõͷ
СУȴǱ۾ƺһ㶼ġ
ֻǰ׺ƸоЩԾȴֲ֪ﲻԾֻԴʼȻסҡ
ʱҵΧһ˿˿Ļ·Ҫᶼ
Ӥܲ˵ģһɹԹӤסĻ棬Ӥ·һڵƵúֱײҵȴƵý廨
ƾѣ޷ҵϵķӡ𶯣ѹ
Ӥ۴У޷ѡ
ⷨӡŵԲģڹżǿҵһ֮ⷨóʮ޼ĵ֮¹Ӥǲܵסġ
۰Ȼ䣬ӤȻһһǡ
ʮ漴³׺ԴǣǸƺա漴ڹӤڣȼֱӽűҵԪӤ˳ͺǴӵ֮߳ʥˣʥֱӷҵĽ¡
ըĹӤȻ۳һ޴֣Һݺ
Թ鷭ӿѾûа취һһҪȫֱ
ʱȴ΢΢ЦˡֽһΪһͨǽת֮䣬ʱֵסǿҵȻʹЩιȥ
Թ֮вҽ׷飬־Ȼڲš
飡
ֱ۸ı漴һ˿ϢȻԼٶȥӤȻˡ
ӣʱŹֱ׷ȥ
Ȼ
ڴʱ
ಣ
һǵĹâҵĸ֪֮漴ֱֱҵԪӤҵ꣬Ҫֱѹҵ־ֱƬ
֪δ֪δȥһ־Ҫء
Цһɱ֣ڵȵˣ


569 

һֱʶ֮еѪƾճ֣ת麣ҹ滯ˮͷһΪɣ漴ֻΪʮɣһâɹȥ֮ˮͷǲȹӤΪ滹һл
лʱͨ쳹صľǹ㣬ʱңǺɣǿĻ棬һǹ˺ҧȥ
ԪӤüۼҲɢӲӵĹâʱҪһǿṥ
ȻΪ˵ȵ㣬ǾŴԪӤҲֹ³ԸСĿ
ܹģ㴩ѪУݵһʧͺûֹоۼ˸գʱþȴ޻Ƶøо
ۣתֱҵԪӤʱʹԪӤһ˿ɢݵ
ҿ֮УֱעĸоȫʧͺһжҵĴô֪Ѿоνɱ֡
ϧûдһξͲ֪ʲôʱץסβˡҧгݵ˵漴ɫһ䡣
ԣղžֵʱ򣬹ӤҲӳȥ
۾ʱŰӤԴȼգܸоõӤ˳ȥڵµĴӣв֫ȻҲʧֻһ÷
һֽ󺺵ʬ뷫յ漴㿴С
ȻСͫ׺ƻţƤƺϡǵӾͺܶûƵãвѪ˿۴Ȼֳںڵɫ·һ̾ͻ˯š
ǻǵ֮Уҿ֡
ˣղǽҲҪ˯ֻҪһ˯žҪꡣӶƶϳνɱһܽ˯֮еǵӣضǱɱֲסˡ
ɱ֣Ŀ꾹Ȼңǡ
ңʱҿںҧһа֮ѪͬƵСռ֮
Сͫ׺ƻһ۾漴˵һ̴ϡǱĺˮƲҪʣƤˣһοǡ
л¶ſ־壬δġ
Сл䣬һ͵ĳͷ漴Ű׺ˡ
ǿʲôһ䣬ȴãǴϢ˺ܾãСͫҡҡͷ
ֻһ׹⣬ʲô
Сͫ룬ֲڸղŹӤܵʱҪɰ׺Ƶ壬СеԽӤסӤ㳯Ŵȥˡҵǰһ׹⣬⽫ҵ߶ڵס۾߶ֻаɫȻҵͿʼѣƣҪ˯
ҵͷղǵƺ죬ӣһҲὫס
һһУ˵ľǺƣģɱ־һ˯ʶľͿʼֻ¶ǻᱻɱֳ롣
磬иоʲô𣿡ʵ
˵޲ĹôҲܵʵҸĵ˫еİ㣬⣬ôֻ¸ᱩߡ
ڸҪ£СԹһ壬ֻҪ겻밲㹲
Ҳһ׹⣬׹Իꡣϰ𷨣׹⻹κβҡҪСģⶫ²Ǽ򵥵Ĺ֣Ҳǧ˯֮С˶߹ˣҪ﷭˵
ҵ˵ͷ֮ϱԴѡ
ԲǹӤˣǽ䱸ŵģû뵽ˡСͫ˵ղоӤһֱڽ䱸Ӥû뵽ˡ
޷Ȼܵҵγɾ޴˺ĹӤ֮оųɾŶը飬ûʮյȻû취ԭġ֮󣬾ܵأʱзѹΣҡҡͷ
ҵķһӡΪӡзӡڣ۱Ƿּ
Ӥʮ޵߶ӡɢ꣬ͬʱ±һ룬ⶼ˺ʹòܡ
ҪָҪȽҵķӡϴˢȻһĸ֣ܽƷ
ҿ˿СУû뵽֮ҲֵܵӤ
ףԣ
СУСȴ˿һĴ
Ȼֵǣôû
ʱҾͿСеɫѾ԰ֽÿһɫĴСпгʱɫͺƱһ֡Щľͺתγһƪƪ±סˡ
һʮһȴһƪƪʥ߾ġ
ǣ֣Ȼ֣Сеݲ򵥡㽫ѣȻĻᱻ翴ʮһģʱе
֣ƺ֡
۰СҪˣҿСҪˣ׼ֵʱ򣬰׺ƺȻ޵Щʧ
ҶʱһĶģкâһ㿴ļ֮Уãã׹СбԻжʮһ֡ϣȻ˿ڣҲ֪ʲôɵġСеɢѾԼ͸֧Ƶá
۾ȴСԱߵԻɱѹڵ¡ںƽ˯ƵãԻͷҲи֡ȻһԭɷŽɫѪҺд֣ʱȴҵĲ
⣬Ǵ֣аħѹа޵ȼգ˵ɱѾˣǣ
䣬СжûѣǷ䡣
ܿԻͷϵ־ֻʣһС㣬漴ԻСظһģѪ쾭ҲǷ׷飬âȫޡ
飬ޣ


570 
׺Ƽ״ʱ޵ıءһǿСôôˣǱԻˣôпܱɱɱģˡϾΪ֮͵һ
Σǻûǣʱ缱ٵؽе֪̬Ҳû˷ʱ䡣
ʵ˵ھѵĵһʱ䣬Ҿˡ֣Ҳò¶ԼΪ
ɡұϣֻҲܱ֤İȫ
漴ԪӤ֮Ȼ𶯣漴һԪӤⷽĿռסǾѵٶԪӤ±ĻҵԪӤһ£ʱ۰סռ䣬֮ӡ
ӡγһĿռ䣬Ϸһתŵ㣬֮תš
֮ʹôϢԵú£·ĥƵýе飬ΧһƵռʹ÷ӡ֮ůůġ
ڵһڵΪ͸γ˾͸Ŀռ䡣Ҿб˵б˵ƶʱԽ˸նɱµĿռ·ֻҪһȥͻɵеĹ֡
۷ӡ
ʮ޼ΪʮұǻΪعбƶ
Ե˷ӡ֮󣬱㴴ʮ޼øϢγɷӡ֮ͬȼض޷ƥеġ
漴ҽѪٻ˵һڿռ֮ɢ
㾹Ȼ߳ɵҪҲܱ¶Լ羪
ڴҶطѰӻ;ע⣬»ΣյġȻԳ֣ڶ£Ʃ췣֮ۡ˻췣֮֮սƽ֣׷ңֻ»ΣգҲŻӰ
Ǵһʱһʱ޷СкŮȡ
޷гȫʿֻҪڷӡ֮У̽⵽ļʾͺСڵĻѾҸסˣʱҪǾʲôʾ粻Ҫģ漴˫ٴδ䡣
Ȼ޶ԣǾļѡ
ǣ
˵ĲӺȻŤƺһŤǵĲӡСͫʱס죬¶ȡɴʱҲûиоղΣյĸоҲûУͺ˵ǰͲڡ
Իͷϵһ㣬Ѿֻʣһ˿
ûЧ룬˫֣Ҫס˵Ķͷ
ʱҪǣ뵽ģһ취ˡ
סΣһҪסһжһΡȻĻʹ򲻹ڣӦħСоƾֵĹؼһҪ˵
ҵͷָԻСͷһ㣬漴һ𣬾Ϯ
ҵľ룬ΧҲֹͣ飬漴ԻСе״Ҳͣ¡
Ρ
뵽ģǵİ취׺Ʒڻ֮俴СкԻô֤ǿԻͨġֻҪͨôνξͻɢʹʱ̡һԻСôöûгҲȷġ
ôҪƾ֣Ҫ֣ξ֡
չ˺ǵҳʶһţҶ԰Сͫ˵
СͫҾȻܱѣʱЩţ뵽ܽӤߵҲͻ漴ҲҶǵ壬ֻǾ۾Ŀš
ɱֵľУĿǰ˵ûʲôƽⷽһΡ
֮䣬ҵʶڰ֮У޾ԶһɫĹâʶǾξڣǽͶɫĹС

Ծ˰ɫռ֮ڣ㿴һ޼ʵİɫɳĮɫĿռ֮УҲǴɫ˰ɫ֮⣬ûκĹԴϸĸӦţʶ֮Ȼֱγһ壬ġ
ϸļ壬Ȼһģһ
ũɡѪУ˫壬Щûбģ
Цһũ֮ǸѾõɡкѪŶ麣ҹ棬˫и硣ռӦֻĻʶħԸʵ壬û̫ãҲԭ
һо¾Ȼʼϸһʲôɳ
ŵģȻһСٱľÿһʮ棬ÿһ涼һħЦ
һ޼ʵɳɨ꣬Ҳˡ
䡺ɳ
뵽ÿһɳͺǶħҵע
ҵСлԻ;ʱɳ˶ţǽĽŸѾûɳУһһ𣬱Щɳɡ
漴һȻֻ˰ɸߣռ֮еƺҪߺܶࡣ
һﴦһӰǱԻСеӰһǳһŵţɳط·ѾΪһˡ
߹ȻʮһڱţѾЩ;ƿݵĸо
ҵˣ΢΢һЦǳ߷Ծȥ
ߣСбԻͣ˵
סһ뿪ǧ˯š˯ŵĻѲˣⶨħֻ֣ҪǾǿ󣬾սʤСпбųһģΧһֱ
ϣ˿ڣѪҺʵǡ
ԻǲӣſСбؿѪҺѾˡ
СУ뿪ɡҸоõѾֲ˶áԻɢһ仰ķ˺ܴоѾȫֱ۶û
ģʦ˵ԵҲģСҧ˵ԻԽԽͣͣһͷ
һͷѾˡ
𰡣Ϊ㲻ȾСд󺰣漴пһӰ
СУҵˡ
ƮȻ


571 ˭ξ
ȻûдֻҪӴѾεˣͻѸǵξȻ󿴵ǡʱ׺ƾѾӴСУŻԼԼпСкԻ׺ʶͿʼֹʹöξܡ
˿ξԵģԵСлԻ
ֻҪԱˣôͶɱŵֿô׾˯šξ֮УԲôͽ
С㶵Ŀңͣۿеʪ
ǰС˵ҽԻΪһ֮Ͳ֪᲻ˡޱȣǱƵãԽԽ
һִһº͵ǣƽƯҺСǰ
ξռ֮ҵԪӤأֻһǷӡһ
ҪţΪһ˿ߣ˲䲼Իȫס˿ڡȻ˿߽˿ڷʹѪҺֹͣ
һУһֵһ˿Իദ漴һƻ˽ȥ漴ʼǿԻֿʼůƽҲѪɫСпһĻʱ۾˳ݣһ
ֻʱԵģҪ뿪
ǰ̫ˣʦûС޵ŴȴĬСӵǿ֣ʦӹ֡
ȻҪʻʱԻϵļ۵һըһӣΧ˿ҲʼԻе𣬶͵һϨ
ôܣֻһ˲鰡
ԻɫףСЩˣץʾҾ
˵˱𼱡һһ𣬸緢˿ȥֱӴ̽ԻСԻһ˿ڱȫҿסˡȻһ˿ֱ࣬һһģһ
漴ҵ˿ǸƤϣÿһƤɶ
ȻҵһҼȥ
ۣ
ļѪⷭͺжڽ漴ѪҺһѪҺɳϣǵϵɳգͬʱеҲֱϨˡ
ʱһУһƾǸϸ˿ϣֱӴ˿ת롣漴ǰһڣһƾȻֱӱˣʱҵԴͺһ¡
һ˿˵ҲʲôұҲû⡣ȴ֣ҵľȻᱻɡ
Ȼ⻹û꣬ҸԻϵϸ˿ȻҲʼʲôӿҵϸ˿
ǰ⣬⡭СпһĻЩż˵һ룬Ϳʼ䣬ļץסȻԱߡ
ȻڴʱȻһ𣬾ȻЩȥ˵Ҷ֧Ųס
ⲻܣ
ӡסɾ˵׵ĸ
ʶԣͫһԪӤ֮еüȻҵб˺ڰ׵磬ݺһϸߣռ䶼γ˵ߵĽռ䡣
漴绺󣬶ҵüۻתһտĴڱˡ
ϸ˿ͬϵƤëȥȻɢڿʱϸ˿ھȻڱҧţָоʮ֡ԪӤվüıۻСͫ׵ĳһɫĹ㣬ǳһͨ
Ȼҿˡ
ǡһһֲ֮⣬ͷƤըˡ
ҺԻϣĳӡӱ΢СϸҪСʮԪӤʿעⶼЩɳеħһڵĴݡǲϿʳһĶ˵Ҳڿʳ
߻ãΪǸոսξռ䣬ϲûж٣ֻԻϣȴŸĳӡЩħĳʲô𣬶ֱɡ˽𵤣ѪҺˣЩħѪҺоۼĸࡣ
ÿһѪҺϸ㸽ʮֻħ棬Իڲ֪ۼ˶
ڵǿ󣬵ǿҲܲסġ
ڿУƯħ棬ı鲼ռ䡣ÿһκȻͻĳӸһ֮С
ħữΪһص壬ֱӵڵϣΪһɳ
ɳĦ֮һ㻯Ϊħ棬ŷŵȻ˵ֱͳһĿֲѭʱԻͺһɱƵòð壬ֻҪɱ꣬˾Ҫˡ
䣡һһΪһߵɷԲħȫ𵴿
Ȼӻ˺ܶࡣ
漴һ֣һϳڿУΪŵ˳Ȼ֮Щħ涫ᣬ޷ͻƽǲħɵٶȵĻҿֵֻĵʱ
Իʱеħʳ˲䣬ڵ޸ָ
СʱҲŵ˵ͷ
øϿξȻûв䣬군ˡҰͨ˵εʱΪ굽һ磬ֻҪҵʵĽӿڡʵξһܳȥǾܵʹӦԶػꡣ
ʵ֤Ҳˡ
磿
ץСкԻ֮ǰҽλöȥ֮ǰڵλãǺǸ֮ͨнξġ
ûУ
ȻǵطʱȴʲôҲӦˡããɫнһ˿ꡣ
ξӦòҵģҸоڵλá
ôڵģ˭ξ


572 ħ
ϸССΧѾʧϵ˿ҲϡŸĺħһ˿˿³ȥʹбŸɾħԾҲſƵҷֻ֣ҪҪ΢СͲᱻħ̳ԡ
Щħ棬ֱ¶ĵ䷶
ϵħ٣̳Ա˵ħҵĺϣȻųҵ籩֮⣬ʱѾֻʣºٲħˡ
СϣŸħ档ɢһɹȻųħ档ʹûԻǰܵ˺վšϵ˿ڣҲϡ
Իϣٷ֮ʮĵطħ棬֮еѪҺҲʳš
ƹĴڣ˵رħʴԻȻԡħ治ϳԱѪҺ׷ڵϣԻ㿪ʼתɻԲѡСûбִԣԻܱѡ
ҷһȤ飬ħеӰ˵꣬ȴ޷е磬е硣
˵֮ڴ֮Уħʴ֮𵴣ʹ˻ԡȴ޷ͻ֮ȥʴ꣬ռҲһĿռ䣬һά֮С
ҲΪʲôڵԺ֮УԴ
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ʮ䣬ԻҲǸŮСаѳֲס
ҪǹӤط鷳ˡС²⣬
ѻ죡ҷ˸ۣôһС֮Ҳٳɣ˫ָԻβ׵ǣ漴ӿС

ҵĶʱ궯Իļ׵ǻɶйͬƵɢһɹ֮
һתԪӤ𶯣ʱ֮ӿС
һӿȫʼѪ漴ëϸѪӿ࣬תȫ

Ѫ籼ڴ󺣣ɳ̲ȻЩѪܱϣھڵħ棬ʱڴڵ̳ЩѪǾѪֱܴӾͰǸɶȻѪҺ˳뿪
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ܹоõһϸСĴǣϸ漴ѪҺתʱ֮䣬㿴ǲࡣ·ƤĵȻһ漴һ䣬ʱЩŽѪҺٴת
ܿ죬ѪҺֱתԲﵽ䶯ŵ裬һƬƬԪ֮š
һЩڵ֮УħǶϣ̳ѪҺľȻֱųͺ񱻿Ƶáҵ֮Щħ˷ܵţȴ޷ƶ
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Сͫҧ⣬ҲǿѣƤѾڴܣ·һҪ˯ȥ
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575 Ի
ҴԶʱҵֱ۱ҧҲûоţʱʧֻԼվҵĶϱ˿ڶʱϸ˿֮ϣһֱֻٴγһ֮ħ涼ˡ
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СѾǸԻͱɱָռ塣һ¸̶סȻ˵
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Ҫְ
СмһĻϢȻе漴Ȼһǡ


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Сб죬ɱҲܹӤˣڵ֮¶аĹâ
СеҲһâ˸ƺ֮ңӦ
ڿСУҪľռݡ
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飡
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ˣСеϾȻһֽɫķԴһֵı⻪֣մأƺȿѵĹ漴ŭĿӣֺصĴȻֳȵһʮһࡣ
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ҵԪӤ֮Ҳֱմӡ漴֮Ϊֱմӡϣ·ƤƵý¡µɳʱըͬһöը
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ɱֱǹ棬Ȼ˺ҧ
һʹǲ˺ȴ޷ֹǵ
һ¾ǽɳ֮Сص֮иΪħ棬ֻҪȥͱɰɱֹЦǱ𿪵ɳһ

ǳſаɵĽռʱѹһһأһԲεİɿռʱħ棬еĹâڱסռѹһ룬ֻʮɡ
ħ࣬漴ѸٵСΪʮɡ
ɱּԦŹӤһڳҧҶʱǱĶһУմӡĴȥӤſ
ȻʱռٴαѹֻʣɷԲұѹĺ˳ˡ
ҳסմӡһ˦ֱӽϾҪ£ĿռסӲŻͣ
ᣡӤϵɱִϲӤħ֮ζʱȻ˺ҧ
˻
ҵеһ˿ʹԪӤ֮иǸоһۣԪӤϵ˿ھȻҧһ
ˣôӤԪӤġ


577 
ɱּԦ֮µĹӤʱһ˿˺ģʱҵϰ嶼ʧȥ֪ûа˼һ֮Ҫ䣬ֱӱƵɱȻһˡ
ʱӤϲ֮Ƭ̳ҵƤྐྵȻڳ󡣾ͺԭµ״̬³ӡ
ͷ󣬼Ҫռ䡣ȴҵĽռУħ˳֮Ż
ԪӤ֮Ȼôǿ󣬻ʹӤɳǻᱻӤһɣմ˳֮᳹ױһʬ塣ɱֹЦʱ
һָе˺Ѿо֧
٣١
ҵȦаɣֻҪһ£Ҿץס㣬˵ġűס޷СУһһıת
ɱ֣ѾˣֻҪٴιҾͻץסİѱһٲ𡣹ҹЦ֮Ľ⾭ԪӤ֮ɢ֮УʹýݺҰռ䱩һ
ɱֶʱ۴Уʹһħ浲ߡ
ƣȥɣɱֶʱԽСУӤٴγնɱ
ɱֵУһĹâ˸ֱӡҵԺ֮Сʱҵռܵ𵴣ֱҪɢȥ
깥ɳĥһ˺ҧ꣬һ˺ҧֱãۡ
Ի˰ӣǸֽӱ֮䡣
ãҲҽеʱӤҧ˸ţ˺ѰʹʱҵԪӤ֮ȼһԪӤ֮ʱס˹ӤȻʱɱֱվȻֱЦ
ס˹Ӥиɱְ
Ŷеǣסҿ㻹ʲô赲ҡɱָ¸´ЦԻڲţ漴ͷȫ仯ɻҰɫ
վһʱһڵħ棬漴Ϊһڳ
Żɫʹһÿסҡ
㵽˭ΪʲôҪɱôˡҴʱ֮Уֻ̾һ˸һʺĹâ
ԻĹâѾΪһ壬ʱʹóҲԻá
ۣȻǰʩչۣⲻūĶȻҲǰʩչҿİҲģɱ㣡оҵҲһ٣漴ϷʵĿң漴ɫħһ̡
ɱ־ȻϵۣҰΪūĶһҪ
ۼâԽԽһ³һ
ϧ㻹ǷһĴȫ̽䣡һɱֵһɾ档
ɱֺ׼㱻һȭУʹֱӱײħĶ֮С
漴һ޴Ӱ˹ȥץסְ˺ݺһȭɱбռݣһعӤأʱɫӰһȭǽҵ˼ˡ
СУݣϡ
Ȼ̵ͣ˭֪ġֲͷ¶βֻбڵСһȭһȭȻɱҽͺղƵãһǣСегĹâһ߻ħļûС
СеĽȻħ棬Զųħ档
ʱĹӤҵһֻմӡץסʱƵŤҽУ޷Ԯɱ֡
ûСбƵʱڵҲͲ˱ƵǷ֮ϲ˿ʹСеһ
ұһۺϵմӡ֮УסҲųȻܵҴݵļıϢҲһĵȴҵķźš
ڣǷʱһӾ
ɱ֣˭һζû취ˡСУ÷˵
СжʱشףȻסɱֵ˫ۣաʱһһı⻪֣֮ʹķ
ɱ۲ҽУʱһڵӰӷ·ҪԻԾ
ˣ
٣ΪǾռϷ磬ȻмƲߣѵûз𡣱ôʿôɱģ£㻹ɱȻᣬͷˡ
ԻȴȻ֮
Сжʱһʱһ٣ɱץ˻ᣬҪ롣
ܣץ˾ûôܣ֮תḥ̂ѹҺȻһЦڷķʡ
ɱУһ˳ʱתһʱתʱĵ෴ĳƣʹɱʶһɢ
ڸԻƵʱ򣬱⣬Ϣʱ
ȻֻǶ̶ʱ䣬ֻܽɱס̶һ˲䣬һ˲͹ˡ
ִ䣬Ⱥа˴ħ壡壡Сϳķ࣬ʱӵĿִ䣬·ݺ嵽ɱֵ֮С
۰۰
ӿ뵽ɱʱɱֶʱҽһڵԻͷðҺ壬ֻϸĲҰ۾ûͣһ־ͷҽС
Ӥո˵ֵһͻΪҽʧ
ĲҽƺĻ꣬СеĹâҵ궼ᱻ˺ѡɱֵı𣬺ùĸо
ɱһ֣ǱСһץסק˳޷
ɶ񣬿ɶⶫȻҾͻԶҲȥ
ɱִУ漴һѡ
¡¡
ضɽҡռ顣


578 

زռ飬һƬƬƲѣѷ֮һڵĿռ䲻Χռ䣬ħ׷ײҽűȥֱӽ顣ڵɱҲҪѣʱΧĿռ䶼СеĹâըա
ɱѵͬʱһ󵨵ľǾꡣ˫֮кɫâʢЩɱƬס
㾹ȻҶ꣬ӮСδ̫˰ɣɱֵƬҪȫɢʱҶ꣬ʱʹƬ֮йâǡ漴һ֮ը죬ЩƬ֮бǿ
һȻը顣
¡¡
ҵ֮кƱһưˮ͹֮׻ңʱתҵԪӤ֮ҲܵʹԪӤѺۡ
ۣ
һڴϢѪմӡʱ£ҺСУԻ˸ץסҵϢҲջ漴ǿƬ֮еõһ˿Ҫ
СУߡξҵ뿪ǵȫиˡ˵仰ұǽԪӤУֻһ˿մӡ
ԪӤ·Ĺǣ֮гһԵĹâ漴ԪӤϵȼղųֵѺȫĺ£·ӻ߳ͯӡʱ貣ҵԪӤӿ
̣֮жʱ
Сһ㶣漴ŷӦȻӦŷ򣬱ܿЩѷ죬׼Ѱҳڡ
ûٻʱ򣬾ͷȻħ棬СϵıȽ١ƶ˵СнξʱȽ϶̣԰˵Իξ
Сʮһ֣רžǿħģմȾħ档
˵СбԻʱ仹ЩôСеξˣȻԻڵҲ˷˰ڣ漴ѹ
ѹʱұ˵ԻξԻûзǴͷڡ
ʱСҪ˵ԼĸоȴʹûлԻĻԡ
ԻҪӰʵƾͼƣĿľΪ˽С˵һҪǹӤĻǾ鷳ˣȻӤͳˡ
˵СеξС뵽һĶϾͳˡ
ɱָҶսһжУұЩ
ҵ֮Уǵƹ͸ܵɱȻܶƣǶԼǷΰǲȫмܡ
Ǳ㱻Ҿˡ
ҵȻһԾʱ֮УʱͿ֮лɵһƬɱֵƬЩƬۼͺҵ֮ĴƻÿһŤͻһ˺۳֡
ɱ֣Ȼת֣ɷۣۼһһ𣬶ʱԪӤϣ˫ֱڱ

һõ۳֮УʱһߵϢϡǷּ֮ӡ𶯣һ֮ȻҵԪӤϡ۵ͶӰһģۣξռУһģһ
ü۹âһʱǰɱֻľǱס
ڻұһ֡
ˣ׵ӡ֮ץסһԴ漴һΪһֱִӽɫסϣʱǶŤſܡ
Ȼͬʹö޷ҿ⣬ֱץС
ˣˣ
ۻӶ֮ϰٵʮջγһڷϷš漴һƬҿ֮ϾȻһƬƬӰ·Ԥʲô
˻˻໣֮ǰʮĿķĶͬȻţͺǴ˿ӵʶġ
ǵϢ֮ǰЩҲͬǵС
٣ҹ˫ץסִԪӤٴλӳٵմӡקݺһϡ
㱻ҺȻֱӽ뷨ۣʵĻΪϢ
ţ

׼ָ֮ƽʱʶ֮Ȼһ
ں嫵ǿ֮У޹Ҳ޳漴֮гһâҲ磬ֵʱȫ͵ľ
Ȼһ죬֮кȻ½ɫͺɫ
Щֲ㣬֮аһƬƬƬ·ŴֻۡȽϸһЩΣиɽ塣
ꡣ
ƬʹѿˣȻұо֮ϵںϵһȻವһһöƴ󣬳ֳεĺɫƬ
ƬеЩһģһȻǺɫġ
漴һɢҲգҪͬũѪⶫֹһƬܵõƬֻũƥˡ
ô˵ɱ־һƬƬҾɱȥһȻҪƬôűĺڲɱ֡˵ɱһţɱֶţǺܶš˵бֵĻҲֻǰּ˸ָ׸ǡ
뵽˴ʱɫڲⶫʱһһ𣬶ʱ֮ѹסʹعƽ
漴۾漴أ档
ǰˣ쿴ҾӦѡһѾͷҪˡСмҵӣʱ˵
еԻϢӾʧһִһ֮䣬ҲֻǱˮнݻڱϡ
ȻʱĿռ䣬ȴƤһһС


579 վ
ʵ֤ҵĲ²ûдξȷСеξǰҲȷǳȥͨȻ벻ȴǣﾹȻͨÿһ֮ͨжųȥĵ·ϢȴǼΪƮġ
Ȼ֮ѵԽԽħ涼ڷûзֻĿռ
СУξһǳڣ㶼֪𣿡Ƥ鴤ʵ
۾ŬĸӦͨ
֮ϢųȥʹͨȫûЩħ棬Ȼ󽫾ųȥȫͨסͨκһ仯Ӳҵĸ֪ǿռѵݹҵľͺڱһֻֻ˺
СиӦͨʱұǸоһϢתʮء
㣬СУҿҪֲסˡұȵ
漴Сб۾ɥҡ
ҸӦǵϢ䶯ÿҵʱ򣬾ͻҵĸӦߡұ㿴Ͻ͸¶ϵ⿪ʼ˥ܣ֮ٶˡ
һаɵѷԶĳ֣Ȼɢ֮˺ۡ
֮ʲôûУֻʣϢκζжҪҵоΧ˺ĽĿռȶסҼֲ˶ãһ֮ڲҵڣǾ군ˡ
СеıʹռԽԽȶ
ɱµһʵ̫ˣȻֱƻռĹ
ȴֲˣɱֱûκιģõĶе©ȻƻֻҪиܼã˵κһ֮г롣
ֶΣĵȫͬ
СУٴѰҳڣһ㡣ģǻûµģԻҲûµģֻҪͨҵĳȥԪӤ֮۵Ĺâסռ䣬𶯣ҲϵһɫƬͼҵֹͣһеĿܡ
ǺɫƬ˿ƺũ
СԻ֣˶־漴۾Դ漴ҵʶ֮ио˳ӿһͨ
ˣҰһɮ漴עȫ֮ͨС
ȷһƶÿһСеϢһͨϢҲһҽҲ׽˹ɣЩϢȻɻͨߡ
УУҵ취
ۼΧĿռֻ﷽Բһ֧ſռ䣬һ߱СкԻһ߻Ҫҵͨʱѹ಻ԡһεζĺڵϣֱ˿ϵϸ˿޷ƣѪҺ硣
˲ˣҪǶҪСдʱһйɥ
ʱ֮۵һ³һѪҪɢܡѵǧɽֶˣȻҪôһССĹ֮
СУҼסϾҪץˣϻʹ㲻ϲԻ𣬳ȥԺӱ֤ݵ֣ͨ۾ˣɸֵŭ
֮궼ڲţƬȴһʱѾ׽һ˿ϢٳϢұҲ©
ǰ𣬱˵ҾˡҵĻʱͨ죬Ҳˡ
漴һԵĿʼӦҸоϢϢӿˡ
Ϸ
飡ǿĸ֪оϢλã漴ȻһȭĹ㶼ˡϢ·һ룬ҵѹҲͼС١
ұȶƬϢĲ𣬼޼ϲ
飡ٻӳһȭһ·ȫ顣СеѹҲ࣬üͷչϢ֮ĸ졣
ҽǰɵĿǰѹסͺһƵסռ顣
Ѿǿ֮ĩֻҪϢ΢΢һɡ
ȫѣһȭȥһͨȫ顣ʣֻͨϢȫ¶ȫƬһģһϢ
ҵľȻмһЩͨʱİپʮŸֻһеϢҪܣȴקס
ҵˣҺСжǴϲ漴ҵľһɡ
ꡣ
ҵľҲȫľɿռάֲڣƬһ˺ѣʱ飬޾˺
ĿռʱѾڵĿֲ磬ѵƬȴƷһȥ
ҽȥĿѣСԻһ˦漴ҵľȻԾȥ
ˣ
ҵľ·ײϣֻоǺƬϢһҶʱ˻ռҲ˺֮ҵ궼ͨȻСţת֮ͱ֮ǰСһ롣
⣬ҳסҵԪӤ֮жʱһǿǱ
ʱҲʲôˣոսСжȥû뵽һȴߴˣȻɱֶθסˡ
ʱУ֮ḥ֮̂ȻͶȻһͨϡ
ͨʱҵһֹͣС
ڿռ˺Ѿǰһ޷ϢԪӤ֮һһõڱҶ˳ȥΪһ޴Ľ磬ռס
ȻվģۣȻ˺ѳһѷ
ȥǰ취̫ɢˣֱӺȥҲûа취ռ忪Ҫ취һ𰡣ҵͨԼԽԽо֧Ųס
۵ǲͺһƲ㱻˺ѡ
ڰĿռ˺ѣȻǷּ㣬ƬȻ϶֮гҶͺڤڤһ־ڲٿһС
ͳһͳһˣ
ʱҴԷٶתһâ֮䣬ڰռ䶼ˡ


580 ƿص
ҵľ֮Ȼһ߳ɾŵ塣ವһһ㣬ıһ㣬ת漴ӡճĸҿе˼֪֡
漴л˾ҳҳ֮Ȼ
һ
֮ḥ̂Ͷ˽ȥҳ֮ͼ
ˣ
֮ԾҵԪӤץϣ漴ɳ̨֮⡣ССԪӤץס޴ᣬԵʮֳÿһҳƾ޴壬ɢصϢϢʱʹֹ֮ͣס
ҵԪӤһҳϷдĸ֣Ȼʶܸо˼

漴һĿ¼ͷһһ֡漴ǻ𣬽֡ҳҲĸֺһĿ¼
ڤᡣ
Ŀ¼£һ־Ȼǹ֣֣ȴʮֲ졣
Ȼħ
ҵԪӤĽħһҳ򿪣һҳʱһУƯŵƬֱսȥ漴һҳʵҳбǳһССģָֻ׸ǴСƬƺڵȴ䡣
漴һ۹ҳϣ̻һ޴ת֣ת֮ʮӰмǹ֮ԭϵķּǱץСתֵ֮ȫǺɫӿŷ·
ҪٷԺд͵ʹҵ޷ٴη
ͳһκεֻҪʷ֮󣬾ͬн㴫ȥܹеΪǿġⱾ飬ͽн֮ᣡҵԺгһʱ鼹ϳн֮֡
¡
ξռںȻһ𣬱𵴿ͨĵҲסн֮ᣬȻը
ҾһԾֱӴ߳ȥʱξռŻһȫѡͺһݰ㣬ࣵһڿռ֮ѡ
˵ǧһˮףڣˮݣˮȴûаڡżһСԶιʱһ֮飬ΪһѪɢˮ֮С
ˮݵˮ֮俴üһɫӰųĺڷҲˮݰƮס档
ĳռݰʱӰͷˮһƮ¶еĲ԰׵һűݵķףƤն񡣾ͺһ߱ǧʬ壬ˮݾס
ʱˮ׺Ȼͺˮʲôѡ
˵۾Ȼˣƺ˹ͺȻſǹһ³һݣƮˮ棬ˮը澹Ȼһڡ
ɣɢȥʱԴ˵䣬ʮ﷽Բ֮еľȻʼήе޳ȫĶ˥ȥһаĳʱ
⣬һ
漴ˮ׵Ӱʼſ֮вðһɹЩȴˮݸգ漴Ӱվ嶼ˮݸס
ˮݵػһ𶯣Ȼζ˾泯ˮƶ
ԽԽߣԽԽߣһˮԾȴһɫȻӿĺǰɫӰȻ֮ϡһʱϵȫȥֳ
Ȼʱĸаɣˮݱͷͷ֮Ӱ
Ȼһߣȴû۾ͬһֻţͬһäߡ
ɣɣɡ
ӰվڹͷϣĴӰ۾ݳȥʱ﷽Բ˥ܵļ˳·һƬء
ä߹ƺѰʲôȴʲôûҵ
ϣһƬ޴ĽɫƬƺ⣬һƣӰĶҲָ׸ǴĹ㡣
漴һԲӺԳС

ȻûнкйĵطһճҺĵ·һճҺӷʱʹϵȫʼܡ
һ·ϣݲ
ȻҲͬʱ䣬һɫĴһյȼա
İĻ£һӰӰȫڣźס漴ĳռѵʱȻһʹӰſ˫ۡ

Ȼ˼£ȻȶȻǿ˫֮еѪ·аȼա
Ǻˣޡ
ǣˡޣȥƬջֻҪĸԭ㣬ȻǿභǰĽ츳ʹʱ򣬺˵ֺȻһȻſֻ֮һ۾
۾ãȻƸ߸ϵ⣬̵ͫ˺ۡ
Ȼ췣ۣ֮
Ȼѡ˺ΪˣǺȴ½ɵĴڣӡ֮С
Ǻȴܲˣֳ棬ûͷ췣֮۵Ļ޶
ҪӣʱҴӦΪƹӡΪĿҵĿĲͻҪȴҵɡ֮ΪжԶҲ޷ūˣ˺ۿۣ۶ʱһϡ
ڲãڲð
ҪǱڱƵͶ·ôϡͿıһ档
ΰ֣ľˣɡٺЦڲ
ȻȴԽԽеĹڲƵá
վ¶һκͷŭ
ɣ㹻ˡҲ֣ΪΪŭ
еĲӾңȻһȴӿд
бͳְɣ㺦һʣҲںһˣɺȻ
˳Ĭһ𣬲ͣ
߳ŭ𣬺ٺٺ١
ЦУڱѹȥ


581 
ҵǰâתһָгһ·ת˸䣬ʹҸոջվȣЩˤȥһ㽫վסȻ۾ڻص˳֮С
ˣ⼸һҪ˯ˣ֮»ǿŵסʱƯڿеѪУ麣ҹ˵
Ȼҵתȥڷۿռӡ֮£Сͫ׺Ƽ翿ż˴˵ĻѾʶૡԻʱѾվ¼ϡ˶ĳסԼ˯֮С
ʱҶоһ֮⣬·ڳ
ô£ɱֲѾɱô⣿
ΪʲôѾǵξ֮УɱնɱˣΪλʶ麣ҹ档
Ƕ麣ҹȻҡҡͷл졣
֪ϢҺİȴӰ졣ֻ֪ΪʲôһϤĸоͺںܾúܾ֮ǰҸ棬ȴȫ֮䵽Ƿʲô£˵ϲʶ麣ҹ˵
ˣ麣ҹʶģôôǿĴڣǲء
һֽһ֮סˣʹǵת
û°ɣ˵ʲôӰ𣿡ʸ磬ɱֿŤ˵˼룬˵ճȴ޷磬Ҳ֪ҵξ֮󣬸ҵл᲻⡣
һȻûзӦ
磡ҶʱһʶԪӤȻԾ֮УȻ˿
ֻ米˫֣Ÿ߿֮УáҲȥн֮ڸ߿֮𶯣ũȻ˸һâԿ
ֲ£Ȼ˻𻨡
飬ģȻ뽫սȥ֮һȱڣ֮ҲܲӦֻͱսȥˣʲôطõġ˵ҵһĨȡ
ҲĿһĻũҲǿǧ֮һڶΰҵʱл˺˯ʱЩʱʱ飬ֽ޿κΡ
ҺòʵԼ򵽵ĶܣֱҰ
Ȿ飬ξ֮мģȻͳˣҿЦ˵ʱҵԸԼûн֮ˡ
һȻ⻰ɫɢЦ֤ҵ͡
ҵļû˵
ʱ֮һũѾΪҵʱũ֮ɢҩȻũҪѹ
н֮纣ɰٴսȥͺһƬʵĺˮ֡
ʱҾȵؽеȻԪӤһֱԾ֮СԪӤӭһǣʮɸߵľ޴֮з·һĹâת
н֮ᣬͻ
н𴫳Уɰٴũ׼δɣҵǴ֮е·һΪشֱũϡ
ũʱתѹ֮ɢ漴ен֮Ȼһա

֮ϣһҳũսȥʱһҳϵȫ仯ũ棬ã֮ɽ֣һӰũǰС
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ԭȥĿ¼ҳʱֻʣҳհס
н֮ҵԪӤСճΪʮĴڣ漴ڻϡ
ΣѾԽңᳬԽŵ꣬ΪΪѵĴڡٴ˵ҿЦ
֪ΪΣȴоڿޣĿֹ˵ͷ
һҵָİ취˵仰֮ҵԪӤٴһԾֱ˵ռ֮УũѾٴһ˿
ʱ˻ұ㽫н֮һʱ֮ƪ±
ȴ֮ƪУӡĽâд֪ߵʱȴڵҷɣ·
һһУʱѪдҵĵռ䣬ֱû⽣֮ƪС
ʱٴ麣һ·Ĺǣ򽣽âֱӵѪУͺѪ˽֮ʵۡѪи˵ڻ𶯡
Ѫеûмǿʱܵý֮ƪе
ԪӤٴһ֮УһΪһӿ֮ƪ£һٴλΪķۡ漴֮Ľݺᣬ֮ʮֳ֮ʱƸܻ֮нһưˮ
һͬʱһ飬۾
˵жѪ˿ǻһۣǸоƣ
ǰл㣬ҪĻҿ¾ξˡ¶˸ʱžδĻתܿԼƽ
Իң˸ʣû뵽ҾȻôȻлԵʱӶ࣬ȴܸоõһС
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лʼҵĲмЩ˼˵ȻСк治˵ġ
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582 
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쿪гᱱתݣȻһ·Ϸ
û뵽ǣȻѾȥ˶ʮСʱоξ֮вŹСʱѡξʱол˶ʮ꣬ǹһ˸ΰˡʱȴһ˲ˡ
ʱδԼǧңұоԾ
˵ûг̫϶Ÿоҵͷ
гϣûһ˿ҽͶȥȻоаˡԺ˳ͺƽƵġ
ԼԼһ漴ˡ
гǰţҸо֮еѹȸжʱ֡ⲻǺζӰ죬ڿӿŵ
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ҴʱǲҪԪӤҲܵн֮ᣬȴС˾Ų㣬ҵֻܷƪ
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СеһõԲα⻪ڻγɣֻɽɫĴڡȻҸоõн֮У֮ƪУԭѾܶľһӰѾ򲻿ֻܸоõ
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˿֧ţ֮俴ӰצĶ˹
һ޴ϱǣ΢ġû뵽֪˶ãǰ˳֣ԻСС
Ȼ˴ΣСȻ˷⻤壬ʹ˲ûٴνξС
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ڵĻЩӰεˡгȷźܶˣ
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³Ǽ˶ѾûˡСͫ˵۾ҡ
Ҫ˵Ȼ´ζ̼ҵıǻ
Ҿã˵ˡתĻŻ

ʱһŨҵѪ֮гĿĵ棬ȫһճѪҺȥһѪҺʵĺۼ
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583 ɱ
г֮йϵͳһɹŨҵѪζǻʹнͺһƵãԹ죬ֱԹ޵ĵƵá֮ǰڵԹҪصĶࡣ
ǵԹһ̣ᱬǿԹʱء
Ȼ߰ˣӣǰܵʹࡣüͷԱС򿪣ȻͼλȫѪҺֱ۶ڵϡ
ϱϵ˿ʮֲͺǱʲô˺ġ
۾漴ʹĻ֣ǱԴЩ˵ĻǣǵӳֳǰһĻ漴ҸоһҵǰͺǰĻݡ
˯аޱȣʱһӰԾǸɫӤֻаԴԴԽѪҺʣСĶŤ
Ӥ
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ʱȴûãҵնɱ֮ܵˣԭҪܶſԸԭ
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Ӥ̳һ֮Ĳޱȣȴûгˡ
ӹӤ֮ץǵĽ𵤣ĳ漴ͿԴϣ֮ԴѾȫϡȻϢǲ֮ǰȴǺ˺ܶࡣݺݵĿ˿ڵλãгޣȻһڳȫ֮󣬽һᡣ
һ䣬Ѿȥϰˣ
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Ҳҽ֮ˣҪؽȫٹͨн֮ᣬضҵΪһ¥
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˫ֺʮ漴촽ޣֶҮ٤Үҹӣֶ
µΧȻߣ껹ãã⾹Ȼһγɵ࣬ա
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ϴ죬͸гﲻϱųһһ֡
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СͷҪҵıǹӤҧƬʱҶȻҪڶͷд֡׺Ƹ̾ȴְСͫҶûаɣء
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ҿŰСͫ԰׵ڡ
ҲоˣΧԩ꼷İΧסߣϵĺˮ࣬ɫ԰ֽϵķ
磬ͺˢһۡ
Сͫͷɫףȴǰһ׺ƻ
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ȻоϢССռ֮еĿˣ˳ˡ
ΧһƬƬĹ꽫˸ˮйͨƵԽԽ嶼ƵıˣϵǰҫϣʹǾȻı顣
ˣЩΪʲôûбֻأǷӵ
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Ƕ¶˺棬ҿЩԩ꣬ĿгϷʡ
ɱֻ֣һȫɱ֡
˻һЩԩʱס漴¸´ЦƺǸͲں
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584 ʯʮ
ǵģΧЩԩ꣬ɱ֡
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Щɱ֣ɱ֮ͻὫĻռݣȻʹ˱ͬǿɱֵ
ǵȷܴ뵽εķ˵־߽⣬ȻʹԼΪԼˡ˵ΪԼѾ£ȻﵽϢɱĿġɱַȻӱǶ˵ȴûκεЧڽʱͿƿ
ҲûҴʵݣǺȻЦ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ԻϵҵԣȻŵŵĶ㵽
ʱұųĴСͫ׺Ҳǿ˹𶯣һ
Щԩ꣬ҲɱֲмĿҡ
Ϊʲôеԩ֮гһʹռ֮ж֡ڵѪˮ𵴳ƣȻ
Сͫס䣬Сȷʵһ𣬶ﾹȻӿѪ˿
ʱֻܼͣ䡣
ааһЦ
ṵ̂ȵһиγʵĳȻ˴֮նɱʹΪԼѾˣⲻǣ𣿡Цһ
Сͫһ㶣漴Цáʲô˯֮ɱˣʩչʹԼѾˣʵ֤˵ľʹҲܷӦ֮СͺǾԼˣȻĻ
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ôôҾԣؼǿ˫һչ漴ĵԪӤѵĶ漴·ʯҵԪӤн֮ᾹȻƶȻѵķһҳһҳ֣
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̾ҡҡͷ漴֮ӿڴʱ֮кȻһųѪҺѪҺͬһɢ
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ӤҽȻһĵʶҶ޶ԡ
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585 ɽ
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һ³һȻֳڿеʱҵ־Ȼ𶯡漴ҵǰһ½ĭ֮УػӰڶȻһ޴ǿ֮ǰǿ֮ֱͱϵҪӴ
Ȼǿ֮ϿգһޱȵĽɫââ֮һɫӴ塣
岻֪ʲôֻ֪۾޷۲еĴڣʶ޷ȥ̽⵽һʲôΰ
ʱΰȴսսҲһֲ֪ʲôȥݵǿ֣һźɫϵײǣЩתۻΪһ޴Ļ棬ĿռڶȻǿ֮ɡ
漴һ죬Ǿ޴ɫ֮гһצǽһץ

ʱһƬƬȻΪһͬ޴Ĵڡһǿ֮ԾȥǴȻСޱȡ
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ʱײʹ֮Ƭꡣɿߵòܿüģֻһֻצӣһʺӡ
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ħ
ڹʱǶѲ׺ݵ˳Ϊħνħ˵ħؼܵϢǻᱻӰ죬ȻΪħĿܡ
ħҲԭʼħһħʼ档
ħҲħһ֣ȴԭʼħһħħ֮⡣ڷ֮Уֱħħ
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ѹ֣ѹ˵Ҫܶⳡѣħ໥Ƶġһǲеâ˭һЩ²⣬ȫֻһƾյ
˵ħֵʱ±˫Ŀһš
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ԭʼħĬˣƺĬֺۣھ̾
ҵԤûдģΣһοҲòȥȡӦеĶǽ𣬻ôʱ˳֮߳ȥҪġط棬ӦҲоԲĲ֣õϢǻҪǰĶࡣȻ˵漴һԺ
ʲôǣ
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Ҳ˵ڵ磬ϾҪΪʲôˡ
ѵǸ֮شڣǵԭ𣿡Ҳɵһֻצӣһֻ޴צӼֱͨ쳹ء
Щ𣬻кڶĴڣһʱγɵģֻʶпٵĿѡ
ĻɻʼʱȥšΪڰ޵ѪҺ֮пһǿħ񣬸ԡ
ħڿǷŴ˵еħͷ޲T
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мʶֻ֪ЩôءֻҪг֮Уνķ޷ôҲҪҸ̳ԡЦЦԭʼħȻǵʣȡһɱֵ֣̫ЦˣԭʼħαװʱЦ
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ǲˣһгѾաȻħѵͲһЩ˿־ֶ𣿡ԭʼħЦ漴㿴ľɫȻת
ԭʼħȻƿггѾı˹ֻʣࡣ
Ȼڣ㻹ǲҵҵı㿴ǰɽǱƹɽгһ֮ͻײȥʱħƱը½һǿ֡ôҵҰɣԭʼħЦ漴ʧ
ӤϵĺɫȻһȻ󳹵ʧӤҲһЦɿûгԶԶĵط
гٶȿĺ磬Ȼ̶̼Сʱ͵ƹɽղһǴг롣гһ漴Ȼĳƹɽײȥ
ԶƹɽĬĬԣɽİѩƮɣѩо顣


586 
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ΣĲۿǸʥߵĳʥ֮·ӦһźܶǰһĶҲŰ⣬ܵõŵ壡翴һԲĿ񱼣̲ס
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޴𣬼֮вһɹ˳Ĳš漴ͳһѪҺתԽԽ˳Ҹо˫֮еǿιǴϷͺҪֱֻƵá
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ֻ˫һʣʱ෴Ϣҵ˫ӿ漴ѪҺ֮˳·Ϣ֮𵴣漴㿴һɫĺ𣬻Ϊһ˳Щʥȥʱһ·ϾȻֱһСɽͷ
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漴ڲԶһɽϣɿ˽ȥʱҵƱ㿪ʼˣѹҴ
ҹŴ˵صĺǧףֻԽߴԽܸоǿ
ĲݣʱҾͿһųҶӵĳӣŤţһ۾Ϳ̾˳漴ǽһɣܽЩӸ
ǰĶĲݣͷֱҪÿ־ݡȻָô֣ҶӼֱҡҷŵͷ
ҿ˵һĲݣ漴Ҫֱȥ

ԭѾǲݵĳӣȻץסʱֱˡɲͨĶĲݣһĹЧˣôܶġҩһЩƵ֢״
ΪҪǣܹ꣬ʹ˵ĻǾۺ
ǶĲݾȻʼɽԾϺֱ֮Ҫҵˡæȥһ·ϾȻֺֻܶĲݣǼұƴܡҾ߶ȼУǲҪҵߣǻһĶĲݷֿˡ
ϣ
֮дһ漴ƴƮĽڵסͺһĻ
ĵ⣬۶ܿü߿̻һֻӥУϷȻЩĲƺоʱɪɪӵĸˡ
ˣӥǿЩĲݷޱȣԻϵʱغҪԵǡ
˵ĻӥǲҹֵģôĶĲҲġ
ֻʱַֻӥǻţҪȴ˶Ĳݡ
̫ܵˣɽﷴӲ˳ֵ˵˵ػ֮ʣֲȻдľֲͰĲľ
ʱһɺ紵ɫһ䡣
⺮֮ŶĲݵζһɫζζʶӺĳطʵζ
û뵽طû뵽ɽϻĵط
ôĲݾǳǸű죬ӥҲΪɱĲݵ
ôһҿطˡ
ҵ˼뻹ûü壬һ̤ɽĶ漴һζż͸¹⣬ɵˡ


591 ɾĶĲ
صĴ˵Уһ£Զĳʱ֮дĳңҵһλˣһֱʳʱȴѣһڻĽҰ⡣ƾҰݸգӾȹ죬ڻ۵һϢҪˡ
ʱһֻ޴ӥų򣬹ĽĶץˡӥ֮Ϊ͵ͺգһֻſܽ˸ȷɣȫſңʳֱ׾١
ͺղʳѪȳӾܣв̣ǾͶеͺ˵㲻Ҫٳˡ
ȻͺջشҵԣҾͻҾͻġڶˣҲǾҪ㣬ҲԸ
Ҳе˵ҰɣǶ˰ɡ
ͺյͷǽ˶ˣӵǰӰ·˵Ұɡ
ȻͺվǰʳԵֻʣһѪģĹǼܡ
ͺձ־жˣ˵⣬Ϊ˱㣬ӴԺҶֻ˵⣬ٹŵˡ
ȻͺգֻԻ֮ǰҪȷϣӲˡ
ͺ˵꣬ӵ˵ͷˡ
ʱӵȻ֮ȼƮһƣʱưö£ӿһֺڿ
ӵӻԱ߷ŵ·ҲΪһΪķ£սᣣ漴ӾȻ˷
ǳͺգΪ˴Ըһֻ޴񣬱ƺΪ¥
Ҳ˵¥Ǵʵֻͺ仯̬
±ˣΪֻʹֿ֮󣬲ܵõֻأõγһɥϰס
Ϊᡣ
Ĵ˵
ڣǰģʽ
ֻǰĹʯͺɽ֮ϣȻʮʬ壬סڹʯϡŨҵϢʹԱߴһ˵ϢӦڵȴš
磬᣿Ұոָʾһʯͷڻ֮£Ȼʸ硣
ſһĻʱЩȣ֪һʽ֮ұ뵽һ⡣
ǲΪ˵һģ岻׻عȻĻôͲֻءԲǽ¶ʯ̨ϣȻͺճԵع鵽Уʹܹתֻء
ڷ֮УҲŵõɮߴʱȼգߺ绯Ϊޡ
ⶼڻعȻֻأȻٴС
Ҫ⣡ʱȴޱأ漴˵
ҲǸоգΧЩϢȻݷţܸоǵϢʮɢңҾȻܸо֮оȻڡ

ȻҲסеڵҲֻڵ֮бѹģСһǿܿĻܣʹļСԴ֮ǰҹ̽ʽ֮ұܸĿԼ
Ҳֻй¶ؼʱֻʱԴһӣн֮Գܡ
ԽԽǸоڵѹȸС
Щˣÿһ¶ȻֱŽڵΪôڱӡ֮ǰѵԪӤնң½ɣ
ӦòܣЩֻĳֶΣʹ졣ϸӦƬ̣ҡҡͷ
Щ˵Ȼǿ󣬵Ҳһ鸡ĸоӦǽʲôߡ
ʱҵģȴ֮ǰЩĲݡ
һֻֻĲݴӵȻһЩʬȥȫͷͺյ̻ƺͲǡ
¹£ЩĲݵӰС
ЩӾһϣڳǰĶĲݣٶֵָ֣ô֣ͷϵҶҲϵĳġ
ǵ˿˿ߣͺڴϵ񾭡
Щֱǳ˾ĶĲݣҹܻ
ţЩĲݳֵʱҷΧǼʮϢҲʼͺǷһָ˵׼
ǵĿǶĲ
㿴ЩĲݵĴԣԭЩ˵ĿǶĲݡȻ˵
ҵͷѾҡҡڰ߹ĶĲݣЩĲݵĴԴʱģ˵Ĵԣ䶯ţֱ˼ʱı֡
ЩһΪͨĶĲݣŸߵĹЧܹǡ
ͨʿ֮ͻʹӼͣӸڷ˵ļͻӵоͻ°빦
һ֮ұǿֵĶĲݵͷЩʬ塣
еͷ棬еĳӶ棬һͷĴ£ƺͲࡣоʮʬȴֻʮߡ

Σ֪֪ЩӣΪʲôܹǣȻЦʵ
㶣漴㿴ͷһʬϣȻʮһʬÿʬϣĲݡһĵȴţֱͷʬͷ
ĳҶʱкȻ
֪ˣ漴ұЦһ
֨
ЩɾĶĲͷĴ£֨ѽһתʬ֮УֻһҶڷƮ
йⶬĲݣҲֻܳɳ֮Ц
ˣЩĲݾΪ̳˵裬Ȼڲ˱죬Ż͡˵ֱӼľԺ֮УĲɵ˵꣡
ѹ˵꣬ԭֻо䣬Ŀ¡
ҲڴʱЩǱŵ˶


592 
ΧסǣǧˣһҪץ棡һٶ˴ӹʯ֮϶һصܸоЩص֮жһɽ𵤵ǽΪĸоǴɢġ
ֻû뵽Щ˹ǼƫݣǺˣȴһǻ漴ҵɫͳ
סʮʬ壬û˺ۣȴܸоӦǱɱġʼҲûע⵽ΧЩˣֱǳֳֵ֮ߣҲɫ΢䡣
Щʬ˿ڵģЩɢŽϢĵߣЩɱ˺һϢ
ǾȻΪν棬Ȼɱеͺաҵóһ֮ŭѹֲסˡ
ԭӦһܼ򵥵飬ЩΪҪڴˡ
ڿȴɱЩˣȻʽ档ڵѪҺһһŭУֱҪΪһֱȼճ
Σ侲㣬ˣǵ·統ͷȣ˵
Ҿһ漴ͳЩ˿ȥ
ȴ˺˶ͬʽĲۣ˵Ĳȴྻ鶼ʮְ꣬·ǰûоƵáͲ˰ֲ֮ôͬ˵Ĳɱض޴ޣΪƫƫϾûʲôԹء
ֽͣһЩʱûоЩ˸ĸ
һҪץ棬ȻĻ군ˡ
ҪȻֵǵֵã
ΧסһҪ©ܣ
ΧסЩĲݵǴţȻʬ塣ǵϳ˱Уƺ޷йͲһɱӦеı飬һߵı
ƺ鰡
ĬĬĶڹʯ棬侲עķչ
еͺԴӸղͲУڸ߿ע·ͺҹǲʳģôⳡսӦ֮ǰͻн
ʱ䣬ӦûСʱŻʽ̫֮һоͶԽˡ
ͷ˵ҲãĲлҲ˵תҾͽˣǲл״̬һþͻʹɢκ黹ҪһЩȻĻ½òʧ
ֻЩڸͰ˵ضʮģҪǵõһЩҲΪ
ʱѾӽˣǹѹõ͵͵ģ˴˵ŻȻ󻺻£
עˣֻýЩβݸӵĵطжϣʹɥʧжǧҪע⣬ȻĻǵԾͲˣҵӡͷԴϲһë˵Ȼһһˡ
յսѣѣʱۿЩҪ漴ҧҧ˴ӹʯϷƽš
ץס˲βһйȥȻæݸȥǲݾ͸һ̡
͡
ֻһ죬ĲݾͱһݣʬҲǲһ£ֹͣŤ
ëûмΪ˵ϣĲݣβͻŲæĽһסȻһ֮е
編ƣݱȫȫıնҶҲڵϱ˶̣ʯʴСƬ
ҲɵðңⶾȻ˵˶ãǺ鷳ģøղŵʱҲûֱӽӴⶫȻ֪ǶĲݣȴû׽Ҳ֪Ĳ׽
ҲõӦеĵߣǲصϳ˽ϢӣͺЩʥߵľҲ
ⶫô
ˣҩԣЩӷӦٶۺܶࡣëĨһѶͷϵĺˮȻͬŵˡ
漴ݴлγżָϸķʴݷԵŤţӲڳģֵܵԽǵжỨһԡĿԽɾȻëнսһڴ
ֻǽŵ֣ĳǡ
Щ˺ҹµ۾ģϣĿҪ˵һʲôſȴǱˡ
СЩ֮˾裬Щһ֮ܵͻ׷ѣǾҪסԱ֤м˳Ľв׽סЩβڸ֮ھͻɢһж壬ܸʴ壬ǧҪ϶ë漴ָһȷֳʮ顣
ЩĲеֻһ˵ԴϣеֻʮͬʱץסһֻĲݣͱʱʹöĲĿܡ
ղëٶȹ죬һҩĻֻ³ˡ
ѹݣԭʬҩһӦûܿɡʱҲ֪Щ˾Ȼʬҩ
ĲݵĸоʮҲֻҩʱɥʧ֪
еôпɲôΪͬëҲôΪʱԼµҪš
ǧҪӡ˵
漴мǸ˵ԴϣΨһһ߳ĳβҡҷһ֦㡣棬ͨĲһռһ˵塣
˽ǰʮʬȡűʹСĽڳβ
ܺá
ûκ⣬һ֮󣬱ǽЩݸչεͬʱӵ˲βʱԴ˷ܵĽݴʬϽݸγ漴ɾЩԽ
һԽʬԶγһȳ

ʮæٴȡʮʬ壬Ȼƽݵβץס漴һ£β˦

ڴʱҽ𣬱źȻһĻ
ëһ


593 
ͣȴβʱƶʴëеһ̤ǰһֱնֱϡֱ۵ڵϣʱΪһ̯ŧˮʯͷʴ
˿ֱ˿ѪʱŷӦҽСʱ⼸Ҳҽֱ۶Ϊŧˮ漴徹Ȼڵ⿪ʼʴ
ǶʱڵϾҵĴ漴һҺʳ
ǧҪǣȻȫҪëӲʹЩˡжҲӲʼĲҽ֮һҲԣֻǲϵţܿڲ̵Ŀ֮ȥ
ȥ˰ѵʹ
ëеĶǱȴҧ촽һԲ
ͣ
֮УЩܲסҺʴ⻯ΪһҺȻ󳹵ֹͣж
ԭϷܴҺڵϣܿ컯ΪɺԵѪƤëе촽ҧˣûʱʹ
ҿһĻоޱȡ
ЩҺ徹ȻѪҺֻҪһӣҺͻѪҺ塣ֻҪ̶̰Ӿܱ鲼ȫ漴ǽѪҺʴ漴ڴλʴսΪһ̯ˮû뵽춬ĲݵĲݣȻôǿĶԡ
ĲݣΪĲǳӵĲ֣û˴ĲǴо綾ġ
ҲΪǵı죬ʹԡ
ԶëѾ۵˸úãʱſЩðˡѾ˶ҡ֮⣬Ȼһ˿־塣
֮ǲݾĶԣôأķ
Ҫ£ΪʲôҪǡھʧȥôֻҪץ棬ǾεΣץ棬ҲҪ㹻ĳݴȥ΢ӻ˰ҵ棬ܴǰߣë˵
ȺĬˣĬĬĽѾĳʰ漴ЩӶëеĿڴ
ëеͷֽ˸ˣ漴ǱǽʮԴĳβץס漴һ˶õǵڷ˺¡
ëûЩ˶ĺ飬Ҳǿɬ
Ǩˣ˵żȻڴ˵ؿ˭Ҳ벻ǻȺΧ֣λĻ֪ҪҶáôСͲ䣬ûϣˣȶǶȺ֮Ϊ¸ҵʿ˵
ұüͷǵȺ֮ѣȻĻԼֵǣȻط档
ޣǲ֮˼ȡֵŮӣȺ֮еλǺܸߵġ
˵Ⱥ֮еѣѵѾʼ
棬ȻǴطǨġЩ˾ĳݾȻӵǨǵ߸жԳⶫ֪
漴ҵһ֪ͼĻңҲѾʼ
ǶڼƵã֮ʵһŨŨĻ֮Сҵ֮е֮ƪº͹֮ƪ··ҳ㻩еľڻ𶯣ƺҲԤʾҵĲ²ȷġ
֮Уܶˣϣմٵ֮ǰͻơҾ͸ǣܰͰһѰɣ̾˿
ÿÿ˵ԵǹȲ뵽˵֮УֻĻҵϲ
ЩΪʲôٸԤ飬Ϊ֮ͻӦѭкõѭҲлѭ
νƹֶöⶼҵϡ
ҰЩץסЩݣôƹͬʱҲݽ˶򣬱ҲǣĶ̫̫࣬һҲԸմȾ
ҪմȾҵҲòȥˣܼܲȡ
ë˵֮Щ˲ȶȻϻðѾû̫Ŀ־壬Ҳˡ
׼ãնëнŵĿţһն˵ȥʱԼҲһ
Ȼôɳơ
ৣ
նɱȥȻ̽βȥȻһΣȴڽ֮ûаպλãȻնˡʱһ漴ǱնϵβʹһɫҺ׼ܿĶҺ䡣
ɫҺβĸʴȣǿȻֱӽ港ʴһ޴ĿӶ
֨֨֨֨
ͺĦ˵ͷǹƵãʹ˺ë紵
ֻӷƺڷŭʱ֮ϵͺա
ϣ
ͺ̻ŽţֻһֻڽУźܶͺ̻衣̧ͷһȻʮͷͺڷ裬ֱһƬѹѹơ
ʱѾʼȻû̫Ѿйâھۼ
ʱǱնĳβѸ˲ͳһɫĲβ漴ĳӾͷУȻǼʸһ
ʱͷǰˣ˸ոնҺ䣬һ˸ֵͱСʱҽһҧ۾漴ǳֱӴ۾˽ȥ
˲ˡ
ӣȴǱȴѾõĴֱӳȥһ룬ͿĨƷŽϢĵӾֱӱ˷ͭ
漴Ϯͷ­֮УĲݾȻֱٴһˡ
˶ʱһն˳ȥֻһǵҲ𻵡Ĳݵʬʱ򶼻䶯ţëȻ
áʱëȴǾһղһ˾ߣûʱȥԼ£ΪͬĲҽУʱӱҩԻлβݾҲ
ߵͷ­ҲڲϵŤ
ëȻ佫βݸץס漴صݺնȥ
ݡ
βݵڵϻΪһ̯ŧˮȴëдϲ
ڴʱһӰȴǵǰ



594 ڶ
ǰĺӰ˭һˣ˿˲ԣֱ˹ȥҲͬʱ۵һʬ֮βͱն嶼ֲﻯǴʱȻǿ˳Ȼֱӳëȥ
ǿһ㣬Ȼһܳëǰ
ʱͼûκε٣ֻһž޴ǯӿͣ漴﷢֨ѽޱȡ
ҾǸ߿ͺվȻҲǷƺӦ͡
ͺԽԽˣȻЩͺղ˶񣬵лʮֵĸо
ֵܡëжʱ۾ˣֻĿ˱ʳҲҶΪʱҪǽɱ֮󣬾Ͳҩˡ
ܿͽǸ˸ҧȻѪҺˡ
Ȼͼվʬϣ˻˼֮󣬱ǻΪһӲĸɳ档ɳ棬ȻСۻôһ㣬Ҹұ֤ҼĶĲݡ
ʱҸоһϢҪȥӰҲͣ
һٶĿԼֵȥȴ޷Ӫȣʹĥǡ
߰õˣֵǵԵɣʱǽǵﶼ֮ͻɣȫֵܻȥȺҴʮֵȴǱϵ֮󣬾ͻëн˵ıʮֿġ
ǰ߹һЩС꣬˸һĹâǸӣʱͷ
ٸݵļֱֵ޷ΪЩݣǸĴ̫ˡ
һΪȺдޡ
ӣкһ漴ʮ֮һɽȥÿ߶ԶëжûʬڷʱǾתˡ
һкҵܻɣɫ̫ÿ
ɣôˡëɻ˵ģ漴ҲǱˣγһԲ󣬽ɣΧͬʱγ˲ص

ëȻȴԶ֮Уٴһֻ档𷽲ŵһֻҪ޴֣ʱѪ죬޴ĿŰɣ׼ȷ˵ǳеʬ壬Χֻ޴ĳг˶Χס
ǣڶֻ棿ëеɫʱˮֱ
û뵽ǣ澹Ȼֻ
ҲĲʵֻһѣǴԳӵ֮󣬱ųӵԡôȻŹĸֻղһֻһֻҲˡ
ɲ磬ô죬ղΪҽʦƵҩ۲ܽЩӸƷѵʱǿɴ򲻹ǰɣŴӣ˿ĭë˵
ëʱҧӣŰɣĻһ塣
ɣΣ㶼ҪӣȥסΪһӣʧȥ̫̫࣬ڵõˣҪסܷë˵͸¶ž
֨
ڶɲЩѾеʱȻǰһԵȥֻһǵֱӱҧ롣
ҪţսǱߴɽߡɲе漴ǰһֱնڵڶĶͷֱӻɳȥ
ʱһɫҺʳʱɫҺĸʴȴΪǻû֮ʬβֵҺŻ仯ɾǿҸʴʵҺ塣
ףҷ֣Щ˾Ȼѵأص֮侹Ȼ޷϶Ȼܵסǵڶ档
˻ڵһַĩȻնȥ֮ܽЩӱû
漴ɲָ£ϰսˣɽתƣȥȴһֻǵڶ治Ϸ𹥻ȴûáҲɵöɲ̾˼
Ȼͨˣͨȴǿ׳࣬нϢĵӣҲá
ҾôҪڹŴĻĵ䷶
ȻɲָɽʱǵڶȴȻתͷȻЩˡ
֨֨֨
ŵڶĽʱʮֻӾֱӷ֣ЩʬУʱЩʬͿʼ
꣬ܿʬġ
ãвһ鷳ˡ
Ȼʬ屻ݿ֮ɲʱһҡЩʱսѾȻԼ򣬵ԼֲĶģҲһ£漴ͻᱻӵıݸֱ˺ҧӡ
ʱʮ˱ҧʬֱ˱ݵս
Ƹı䣬̶̼ڣжʮ˱ˡ
ϣͺյԽԽɫڻ仯ţɲƺϵĹâǾͺ̫֮ǰĹâѾĻ֮С
ϣ
Ļסǰɣָȥɱ˵ʬ壬жڵѪ
ҵһ𣬴ްɲûͲˡɲŵڶȻͻȺһʸͶĿͺҪ޴Ĺޡ
٣ɣౣסһʱɡ
ʱľѾֳһߵǵڶƺӵǻۣѾΪˣЩݵľӲռ˵塣
ɲᵶھҪǵڶ浽֮ǰضȻռ֮󻹵ȥ˺ˡ
ʱһᣬ漴һû
ģȻ˾ͻӰ죬Ժòʲ֪źáҽĵˣ漴һŽڶ߷ɳȥ
ɲ㵵Ŀң¶һǿҵ


595 
ʵϣҿһɱʱ򣬾Ѿ޷ⳡҵϡǲմȾҵϣֻвʲ룬嶼ڿյ״̬ʹҵϲմȴΥҵıġڶ̶һ˲֮ڣͷô飬ǺҶֻܳˡ
ҶëɲеĲصͬʱһŽڶ߷ɡ
ʱеĲصҲϵƺҵ֮УʱһֱԺڵҲǷӿ
̾͸оص֮һֺɫĿʯĩֽ𵤵ϢǴɢġ
ֻһС漴˳ȥǰļʬ߷ɡ
ŵ˵õԮսߣΧڰɣëΧ
ɲ磬λʲôˣѵ𣿡ǰɣеľ޴СëС
ëлûдҳֵлָԵ˵ͷ漴ŷӦҡҡͷ
ԺҪ֣һжʦİţָɲ˵
˶ǵ͵ͽһȻкʦ֡ǰɣҲģֱ́ͷʱ۾ȴǵתţʲôı
ɲ磬λǰô϶ûģ뿪ɡɣ˵˵ţ͵ȥ漴ëɲĶס
ɣһû뵽һ仰Ȼɲôţʱģ㷲
Ҳϣ˵Ļǵ˴Ӳͬ顣ޱȣǰԸվǵһ̣ǵˡοЩô̶ʱ֮ھͲɱʮˣΪϣӵ𣡡
ɲ˵ͬʱЩѾɨڵصʬ壬漴¶οЩ˵ʬ廹δϢҪ֮ǵֻ֮󣬲ܻؼҰ
ɣĬ漴صĵ˵ͷ
ɲһеĹâʱѾ漴еͺձĳǰʱʮֻͺվۼӵ֮оһƬƵá
ЩͺպĹԽԽɲ¶һ˿ǵɫʡ
ҲϰɣЩ䵥ıݸɱǰȥɱЩʬ塣ɲкһģԱͬĲص˹ȥ
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ЩݣȷʵЩ෴˵ĻҲ̫ˡҶ㿪ʬĹȻһǰ˵Դն
ǸղűɱˣʱԴڵϣͻڲͣ䶯ȴûָӡ
ݱֱϮ
ɿתÿһתὫص̳ȥղѾôЩնɱģұҪȽڶ
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Ҷϰٱݺˣ˺µʱˡ
ҵ֮УѪҺԽԽ죬ɱ䱣ֵʱԽԽŲصпʯǣãڵʼԾѪҺʱһӶﵽΪϵ״̬
࣡
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ܣʱıңͷʱһһƵӽڶ棬вصԴ
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֨֨ӭҵĲصǿԽֱŵҧȥ
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ڶҡԴԾҵеͷʱѾƽȻԥĽصնȥнβϡ
춬ĲݵĳͲβӴһȦССĹ൱ߵߴ磬ֻҪնϣݱ᳹Ϊı塣
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ǵڶĲβʱΪһ̯ˮصʴŤ³һһɫҺ壬·Ըȥ
վûӹˣյڵȥΪӲĳ塣
ҿ˿ʬ壬оȻһɷ·궼ϢҪȥĳ嶯
֨֨֨֨֨
ŵڶЩڿҹıݣǸҵĴ漴תݺݽβҧ


596 
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㿪ɲлˣһˡ
üȴδضܷӦʱʣ´󲿷ֶҺУֻ˶˶ҺķΧ
һ˸ոն˶ҺָȴմȾ˵㶾Һֱ۸漴סֱϵ˿ڣæˡ
ɲĿѣ˱վţΧıݱǽΧסһַıݱֱӳҪҲΧס
ҿųıݣ̾Ϣһ
ȻЩĲʳ˵һ̳ĹܡҲֻǵһ淽ʽܵʵҲǲ˵ġ
ЩȥȴҪǵˣ֮ѭǻۡʱԶЩٴҺɨʣµϡ
ɲȫϳֿ־ɫ
ⳡҵϣҽˣ̾˿漴һӣƮȻɡ
ʱ䣬ԭͬӰķХ֮·ͣеͺſĳͬڿ֮СϺǼʸĳӣ˽һˮУֱ޷жЩ䵽ĶҺҲֹͣڿС
ӵȨҵԪӤ֮ȫſѹеһʱ
ֻһӣǸϽɣתֻһʱ䡣
һ֮ڣֻ߳һ͵ɲ˵ߣҵ֮еĽ֮ƪ»һϱ˸һɫĹâͬưɢ
žžž
ҪΧҵʮݵβݱֱӶϿʱѾɲ˸˦ȥ漴һʱﵽ˼ޣռ֮е嶼ָ
н֮֮ҿܴʮ֮ƪ£Ȼ󽫰ڵĿռжֹͣסʹж衣ǽһжֻͣһӵЧһӹȥ֮еһжָ
Щ˶ûĴڣŻᱻҶסʿĻôҪˣ̶ֻܽĿ궨ס
ԼԼãһж˵ΪҪ
ЩҪΧҵıݱֱӵڵϣΧɲ˵ıȴһʧȥĿꡣ
Щû۾֪ʲôˣֻ֪һӾͽתҵķȻֱӶ׼ң볯䶾ҺЩҺҵ壬ʱҲֵסοЩ̫ˡ
ͻȻܻǧΪڵĻ˷ܵĽЩɹ
ˣҵ˵漴֮һɿԿƵֱ𵴳ȥ

һǿĲֱɢڵĽ֮ƪٴ𶯣֮ĽѪҺ߶ţ漴ɴ֮еһ𵴿ȥʱЩƽǻΪʮΪǿĽеıݵβֱն
ৣ
ֱӵȥһɳ档ڣЩݶˣⳡ֮
ȻǱصֱʧɾֻҸоͨұֿͨһ˿ǰ˵һͷ˿ôķ϶Ļھͱͷ˿Ŀȡ
ʱ֮ڻָ漴еͺպ³һ˲һʱ̫̣֪ʲô¡
⣬ǣɲδ۾رʬ壬漴૵
ɲʮָӣŵ˵ʬ壬Ҳޱȵ𡣵Ǳ𺳵ˣûм
ӳͣɣأɲ˼ʱ򣬺Ȼһߴ
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ѵҺɲʱ뵽⣬תۼɫͱ
ϵѾˣǻһЩûбȻûҵɣװʬĴӣҲʧ
ǲһӶѣ˵ϣ޵ϣ
˰ɣһ˵
һӣ˾ͳĬ
ô죡
ɲ飬ʱ˿һֲԤг֡
ѵôȥ𣬻ȥ϶ᱻΪų򣬻ᱻġǰڵ˵
ȷ̫ˣ˵Ǹ޴Ĵ
ûµģɣģһšֻҪϣǾͲҪֻҪܾˣұҲνɲĸһЩɣ˵Ļôô죬ô졣
ʱĲǸ裬ǵİΣ
ʱɣ˻ܣ׶༪١ˣҲˡû֪᲻Σյ
ֻɣˣôݱ㶪ʧû棬ô졣Ǹʧȥ۵ĺӺȻҧ
˳Ĭ漴һָָڼڶҡ
ɲɫٴαѿ
ڴʱɽֵ֮Զ֮⣬ɣһ޴ɽߡˮʪ͸ȴЦʮֿġ
ڸղɲȥʱҾˣһȺ׳գ֪ɵɵĳ塣º˰ѣȫɣүռݣȥƺôС㡣˵ʱָĴС㻹޸ңȻҾܵõ˾λˣ
ɣЦЦţȻоԣʱһĸо

Ȼתͷȴһֻаƴı춬ĲֱӴ۾ȥһʧȥʶǰε룬һ˼롣


597 ǧǰ
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Ƭ֮Ǳ춬ĲֱװĴëȻľ׽ıʬǲϼ١һɫҺӴеһʱ䣬ǴӱÿտҲ
Ȼ漴һֵֻı춬ĲݣԲĹĵ岻֪˶ٶ
Ǹղȥıݣ漴һڰɣʬϡɣʬ屾ѾڽӲʱеѪҺȻ˱ϣʹñǰһѪ衣
Сձ仯Ϊ֮ǰСֵıݣðŵɫ
Ѫ轫֮ס󣬳ΪһöѪ룬˸ŹĽâ
طҡҲûջû뵽ʥ϶λǰֱʣҲȫǧˡдһٹ֤һǼҲиİˣʱһ֡
漴һӰɽⲽϣŲΣһĲʽ̺ȫסƺûʲôϢֻһվ˰ɣʬԱߣѪ룬͸¶˷ܡ
漴һĶϣ漴ڵϡ
ֻһָ˸֮ͱ仯Ϊһɳֱ۴֡Ǹ߸Ϊ䣬ͷǸǱøй֮Уһǻ۵Ĺâ
ԿöѪ룬¶һҺҪⶫһȥ
ɻǶĹܣҲֹܣʶѪ˵ջ
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ЧǼΪϡٵҩЧá
ίĵһƶһȥȻĿѪ룬ǧϲ䶯
ˣֻڵֲϿһλǰԶ壬ЩҽҽҽԶʦеϵڽ֮еõ˺ܶ漴طһݣžΪʶصڡ
ǧ̾˿ָܷܷźԣֵⶫɱĿԵö࣬ҪǺ̳ԵĻȻߣը
ԲĵĿѪ룬ջûа취ֻûصǧ
ʱǧȻһϹŵ̺ӶΪһϽԼǰɣʬס漴¶壬ɴһĽ£һƿƿ޹ޡ
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ڹ֮֮⣬Ȼ̫ûȫǹâѾǧĴ̺ӣֻͻ˲ήֻҲʮΣգǧ֪ԼҪӿٶȡ
߶֮µıݣ׻ʲôأҺڴǧԼƸƣ漴һѪҺϸĻܴҵһ˿ɫ
ѪҺڹϣҡҷѪ֮С
漴ѪٴΰһѪƤ漴ήһɫѪ֮С漴ǵĽɫ֮ɢɫĹâѪһ£ҵ˸
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ѪɼӲѪǣ漴ں˸£Ȼʼѡǧ۾ֱˣɫϲ׻ʲôأ
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Ѫǲѣ漴һĴǲϵҡҷţѰʲô
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漴һǴѵ࣬ȻһҧѪڱڣѪƺܽ⣬һԴðڵĸۣ»һľĹӡ
ǧɫ̫ÿΪЩ񣬵̫ˡ
Ҫⶫ뷨ȴסˡ
ţһֻһ̴ָϸֻ֫ſŵıĵήһĶǧ壬ȴû֮ǰĻ飬Щ
ﻺ³ľֱֱӲѪУʱһɫҺѪǸڻ漴Һһ
ʳѪҺ壬ȻԳ漴žžһſ
֮ư͸Ĥĺɫ򣬳ŤһƣŤţ⾹Ȼһֻ

ͶĲ֣ͬȻǧѪҺ͹ı²ˣ
ǺںǧЩˣ漴һǹĴųɵԴϣһװƷƵáڷɹĹϣһƬƬķۣžЩĿѣԡ
ԿŹʾһ⾧ĵմȾȻֶҶ
ȻɣҲءǧ˷֮󣬱̺ӽϹס»Ϊһʸǧϡ
ǧվɽϿգЩͺɻδߣ쿴Զ塣
û뵽طǸ̬Ȼǿزܽͳһҵֹ֮жϡеĹʹɥ½ʬ嶼֮ꡣǸƻͽѽΣ´Ҫûиߵĳ룬ҿɾͲ˼˰
ǧЦ漴ߣʧȴܿ졣
ԭأʲôû£һӡҲûС
ֻʣ°ɣʬ壬ڷлӲ


598 
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ⶼҵ£ҪǽڶʬʰǸ绹Ǹ𣬶ǿԵġ
ʬ壬ûжȤЩҲеڶЧ
ţȻҾ͸оɲָĸˣɢıݸʰװȻɲǱߵǰ
жʱ¶ɫʱ˿ҪⶫģǾȻûԼḭ̄ң
ǰЩõıݣҽˡɲ˵Ǻˣ˵ıǺҷĺҲʮ
û˵ĸˣ۾Ȼֱ㶶סıݡ
ɲȴǿһеĵڶ棬¶
ţáҵ˵ͷȻʾԱߡ
ɲ¶ʧɫ£ȻֹҪ˵ҵ񵭵ɨȥʱҸղŵڨڨĲҿڡ
𣿡֪ʣȴװ֪ӡ
ɲʱһ㶣漴ֵǰ콵缲Ҫĳӡɣֻ׶༪ˣΪԷһǰҡ
Щݶɣɲܸˡָָϵ˵
ɲǴϲ漴ɫһ䣬Ҳͬɫ
˵İɣӦѾˡǸȥǷڰɡָһȻ˵
ɲһæ˹ȥ
һ˾ʹҴһһֻʣ°Դʬڵϡ˶ɲҡҡͷɲʱңң¶һ˿
ǰֲܵ񱻼ĥĿ಻ԡ˾峤֮Ů޸ܲħҪࡣҽʦѰ棬ֻܾδޣıҲܾܷ롭ɲҾһ
漴Ļĳ˼֮УֱӾܾĻиҪϢ
ҽ
ڲҽ֮źܶˣǴʮ־տļգǴԭҽѧһֶصҽʦࡣҽû뵽ȻŶڱݵļء
ⶫҲΪģǻǧĴڣ⵱治ס
ҽҲȤ˵Ļ᲻Ժ״̬⡣Ͱ㣬ָܻĻǾ͸ˡ
ҸȥǵҽʦҪ棬ҲԹáҾѾ御ܰװ׵Ľøǣõȼ۵Ķ˵
ɲʱϲ漴ǳ
ȼ۵Ķڶֱ޼֮õóȼ
˾ض㾡ȫԱǰĶ¡ǵȼ֮ȻҲ뾡һ֮Ѱңǰġɲֵ
ҵ˵ͷڶһ鲼ϰסȻڱϡ
߰ɣǵ岿ӦþڸȥɣǴĶ࣬ô֤ߵľ벢ǵУҲ˼
ɲȴҡҡͷȻ̧ͷա
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ܾȷһѵõľ漴̧ͷա
ͺѾۼʮֻǼնռˣȥǺѹѹһƬ
ã˵
ɲϲ漴ָͬ齫˵ʬѻɽʯϣȻкҺһʯͷ󣬾ĹۿͺյĶ
Ƕûһʱ䣬еͺձѾ
֮ǰҹʱǾѾŵѪζڵʱ򿴲ϵĶֻ̻裬Ҳͳ֮ǰ˵ԽԽ࣬ǾͿʼͬ飬ֱʱȻۼôͺա
ϣϣ
ͺշ׷׻ĽкţȻһֱһֱų
ʱҾ͸оһ𣬳ֻǰͺߵһͷ׶ߣſҲ׶ӽףĲһȦɫëһӣͷһɫëڣҲǽɫġ
һͷȺͺյˣҡڵ߹ɫӹµµת
СͺգҲһߣֱôˡ

ͺʱкһһͺվ;צӣһǰʬ塣漴ƾҪܣȴûκεĶ
ֱ֮Ⱥͺղŷ׷׷˹
ͺ˹ڵһʬһѪ⣬Ȼߵһʬǰͣһ⡣еʬ嶼Թ֮󣬲ʬǰͣ

˵ԿʼˣеͺվͿʱѪޱȡ
һСʱȺͺղŽʬȫĳԸɾֻʣһЩɭɭĹǼ漴ͺкһͺȺųķˡ
ɲ˿棬ȫǳĬ
漴ɲͷߵн˵ʬǼܻ·ۼһ漴óϵĴеʬȼ
ȼյĻ棬ɲ˹صĿͷ˸
֮Ĺݴ
ҳĬĿһûдǣʱҪκεԣȻǽطϸĴɨ
ȽȽĺɫ̳һжͽκҲ֪Ȼйһʽ
ûκܹ֪һȺΪսʿûκǵİߡ
߰ɡ
ȵͣʱ̾˿Ȼ˵


599 崫
ɽһͷʱɽ̳紵ɢͷһâϣճһӰӵӳڵءȥͺû°ۼ·ӲֹЩ˵Ļ꣬Ҳ֪ȥη
ǲǶȥõҲǶԴȻľ
˵꣬Ļ𣿡ҺȻԼҵò𰸡
ڵĵط𣬻˵һνǾסĵطֻߣûʲôãֻеأ
ҵòҪĴ𰸣ĬĬĸɲ
ɲֻʣĸǸֵͬʣĺܿࡣȻڿĺӱһֱۣǾӣЩ԰׵촽֮⣬ûʲô
ҿһѺɫֱϣҽʦĳʯͷƶɵҩҪһЩһּΪرĿʯʯܹ˵ѪҺѸ̣˿ڵϸҲѸ
Ϊõҩʯֱر
ǸЩݵˣͣԼԱ߸һݵֵܡ˵֮䳣ӦΣտȡ
ҵĹ۲з֣˵ĻԻͨһʱܹγһִųʹܹսҲΪԭ˲ſǳ֮ӵ
ԱǸĬĬΪҩʣź˵֡
⣬ɲЦˡ
ʵʷʮ־Զ˵ǴΪƾõ֮һ׷ݵ֮ǰȥԭĽ棬Ҳʮ־ԶԴս֮󣬱ǲĦ
ڲϣԹʹһصʹô˵ӣ治ס
ԲӦطԭˣꪡ
سʱڣһλսĽɷȥνǿ޵Уҹ߲ݣȻֱֱɱǧԭ߸屻
ֱʱɢǲͣ
ʱûԮ·ؾƵãĲ֮⵽ǿҵĴزȫû
ʧɫûǸȥ
û뵽ĵдһ⣬ѾչܵصĴֻۣܴʹʮµĻ֮һ·ӡ
ǺὫսնɱԭ̣һ·ƽ̹ƶȥ׼ƻԭ
û뵽ǣÿһطͻᱻжԴȻǵԸҰǶǿʮ𾴵ģƾӵõ˵Ͽɡ
ʱһ˾Ůսȹ⽫˺¡
Ų˲֮УɻԭسǴûҹǣʮسϢ
һʮ˼ޣõʱ֪ǵݡ
Ȼʱʮ˾ڲӣУҴĳɹ
ԭǸʱĲʮֳ˵ģǺʱ˾һΪ죬ЩˣĶΪһ˾
ӴԺ޷ֱ
ЩѪͯΪ游պ֡Ϊ壬ΪﾹȻγһںϵƣַʽе壬Ǳǻʹúںǰ
ֻǸʱмʶˣʵ̫١
˴˼ΪտļպҽʹȻʼ
֮һĵߡ
ֵô˷һǿ֮⣬Ҳûʲôر𰡣ĵȴǲô˵ֻ⵶ôġ
صĿʽȻмسķ񣬲ǲζ˵׾Ҳֻͨѣ̸ʲôֻ鱦ԭϣκһڵ˶ͽֽ֮۶ϡ
ǲصأʧЧĵ߱ʮֵǿˡ
ҵѪУû֧֣Ҳֻ˵صѡЩصŴİҵֲ޵ġ
ص칤գ˴ģҲûʲôر𡣵ȴǲеĿʯѣټ徭ľȴ𷨣γصĲصصҲǴеĲĺߺڲ㱻Ϊ档ɲ˵
ɲͰǲ֮в˸׵ѪͻʶǺ˸סֻѾغˣֵܡ
ĺǿڴ⣬乤ʮ־տصȴǵƫ棬Ĳá
ĺʮѵãԭҲһּΪıҵĹ۲졣ЩصԭеĿʯʧȥųȻö֮ľͳ˸ĵ
ҲΪʲôĺִ£صԭԵԭ
ԭУֹ°
磬ʱã֪𣿡ҺȻʵ
ŵǶʱڵ֮ˣسʱ䣬Ӧ֪²Ŷԡʱ֮ʿӦûǲģǧ˶С
룬Żڡ
ҵǲǵɱĴţֻһ˵ʼΪҩԼ´󲿷սǲȥѰҩֻҲ֪ˣǷ顣˵

˵飬Ҿ뵽Ǹںڰ֮УԳ޵ĺˡڶ׶εսڷĹΪǱضʼĪϵġ
ѵʼûҲûܰ
ҩҵˣʼȴûгԣȴ֮֡˵ĵ׶ΣֵʲôлʲôĶ
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²⣬ұ˼Դӵڶ׶νڣҲûܵ׶ε֪ͨʱºԴϵһѵƵáһڶ׶ΣƵڽУô׶εĿֲͿ֪ˡ
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ȻڱסΪĵӻڣǿĻҲ̫Ӱ졣û뵽һ￿˫ۺ飬ͰҸ˻У˵Ͳܡ
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ȻԻӭôҾԻλãұסδҡ

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һץʱץһƤѪʳȻɫŧҺںһ漴ѪҺֱȾ˰壬ȴ¶һܵı飬ȻЦٴεһ
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꣬ʱǲˣȻҲſʮöֱ̽Ӵ˼Χ񾭸סʹܶ̽ì״ȻɵĹסļͷ
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ڴʱ̽βȴŻɫŧҺѪҺʱҲſ壬̽뾹Ȼпյġ


602 Ůҽʦ
ȻҽʦָȴסˡǰҽʦǸŮҽʦ߼ߣͺñǻڷƵáȴһһ˿˳̺ӣڱǰʵʵֻһ˫ӡ
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603 
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Ҷʱһ㶣¶ЦԷǵıķҰεȻԭ
Ҷ˵Ļνȼ֮֮ΪıǴ𡣾˵Ҫϲ˸ߣôƱҪƴ
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604 
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ҸȺⷿУ߸԰ڷһܻľź̺ӡϣ̺ϣŴıƿսȵȡһЩ棬ʹ֮жһֹ
мһ޴ŽĹ̺͹Ϲǰǽһ棬һ裬йǧֹȵǽϹһƿĦߡ
вȻһ
СӢۣǿͷһ㡣Ǵﲼ𵶵һŴϣȻôҲԱߣ漴˵
ķްú֮վԱߣﲼԶԶġӥкɲվſڡ
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ڴʱһӰȻͬ߳ݺϣ漴˻ȥʱֱܿ۶漴ȡϲͬѨλȥһ֮Ѫ֮Żת
ת֮ķסгŭ
峤ǺÿĹ򣬲֮΢΢ЦȴûжЦ⡣
֮֮ѣȻôֲĹԡղҿ֮Ĺͬ߰ڡ
һоֵҲֻܿ
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֮УҺǶţûа㶯ҡ
ķȵĿŴﲼɫܲÿ
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ķжʱ¶ɱ˫֮߻
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ﲼҡҡͷ̾ȻȻסҵ۾ڿʯ飬֪٣


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ܹȴΪʳֻವǽظס֪ķҳ
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ԭĵôһ죬ǰҩãȻˡҲɵ̾һѾ߸Ҷ֪ǻԽԽˡ
ҪǿʯͷҺȻ˵һѵԴǿʯͷ
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ȷǶͬһŶʱըʱܱʱ޿̵ɢΣյķ䡣
ĻߵѰ
ģũ֮пһЩĶҾ뿴ʱط汻֮󣬻ʲôжԸ˵
ũʮ֮һ˰ٷ֮һ
ļ֮УҺȻһμء
峤һҪʯ顣û˸ȥãôȥȡˣʱ㲻ҪСЦŶԴﲼ˵
ﲼҼ֣ε̾˿
Ȼôͬ⡣㽫ⶫߣҲһ׮¡ҲþȣȻǵڶأﲼ˵
ķŵڶѾܾˣʱЦˡ
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㵽Ȳȴˣ
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֮ǰͽ˵Ȼ㣬һʽסҸокܶʣ˵ɣȫҪ󡣡
ﲼ˵


606 
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ĳǳأ⸮ۡ޵ͬĹͣôпǷйء˽Ļҵ׶εضа
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ﲼ˾ԥ֮󣬲Żͷ
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Ϣ̫ģˣһɽܲϸһЩ
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ķθڵģҽģ˿ڣָָԼأüͷ˼
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һƮĴ𰸣иոշµˡ
飬ģὫ֮ȫ֪ΣȾɣķ˵Ȼ󽫵ڶϵѪ
û˵ĸȥѰҵĻɽѣѵû֪
ķڶϵѪҺ޳֮󣬵ڶƤøӹ⻬һɹζһݵζȻ֮дһ˿ζ
漴ϷƵôӿڴȡһСƿȻϣס˵ڶ档
֭ǾҪϵ֭ҺѹեŰһɫĲȡȻ󽫵ڶס
漴һѹʱѹˣܿͽɫϸմʪ
ţһεɫҺСƿС
ķʱЦ漴ŬʣµһңõһСƿƺ͸ɫҺ塣
û뵽澹ܲҺ壬Ҫ֪涼ǸʴҺ
ڿԲܵĥˣлڵ
˫ֺʮ۽Ƕˮ
ƣҪڴϿ̻·ǲǲˣڳȥɡķȻ˳ȥ
ﲼҲ⡣
ǳŲãڱŴ޺ķĲҽ˷


607 ֮
ôﲼʱʧ룬͵һƿţ漴úͺײˡ漴һķֱ׷ɴ̹
ͬʱķŭҹ
ﲼʱеȻȴһԵĴ˻Ҳû˵ﲼһۣ¶Ц͸ոһ£ҵﻹ
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峤ǵĳŵҴӳǱҪЩϣ֪ĹӦọ̀תԴﲼ˵
ﲼ˵ͷɫЩĲɣҸЩʬ˵ķ
ﲼʳԣӦ֪ʳ֮ҲҵĶ֡ʹӼĵһ̿ʼӰң֮ѾնҵĴڣôᱻҡ
ҵﱱߵʱ򣬱ǳĬ
ո·ֵǰʱܹоһɵɫ塣ڲɢȫװԼʵʵġǱͣʬԶԶ׵ɫȥ
漴˷뿪޲öȡ
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ڶ֮ƪһҳԵײۼһ˿涼ӡ̳ɻɵһƬũ·һƵɫԵòب֮
ũƣҲ𵴳·Ҫн֮

궼ڲֱЩѹƲסũҶʱԾԪӤ֮УԪӤۺȻһߵн֮ϡ
ũ·ֵҰҪɱ֮С
ũ֮УǸĳִڣ·Ҫѹ
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608 
ȼգʱʹũʶ֮ҳ֮г֮ũס
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һΰѹĻֻضᱻӣֻʮ﷽Բ
󶴵ΧЩʬ徹ȻѾΪһʯʵӣͺ˶ΪʯͷʯͷƮɢֻֻ֮һ
ΣҸоһʮǧСĵ㡣Ȼ˵
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ԭũ˰ٷ֮һȻﵽ˰ٷ֮һ𶯶Ҫնʿڹ򣬽ũ׳ôһ¾ܽһĹȫ
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Ҿҽţյ֮УһױʱӿȻڵһ塣
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ҸоԪӤгģڵũΧʱһϸСĻũΧס漴һ˿ҲȥΪһũΧ
ʱڶβҲˣβϣȴһöССĻɫʯͷʯͷΣƴ󣬵ȴɢһĪơ
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н֮Ȼսڣħ֮ƪ··ȥҸоħ֮ƪ··Ƶǳҵ壬Χ̶ˮķʧȥԴͷ
ũգһ鼢ʵĺࡣ
ۣÿһͷһۣǴ֮󣬾ͻᱻŭɱʵǿֻ޷ƶѡмͷħ۾½ɵʵֱ̫ˣ˵
ҵͷʾͬƬӦǼһˣֻſռӣûһǵԼȥ
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Ȼ佫ʶųȥһصʱֱ۽ʮ£˵γաʱɳʯ裬طƽ·һס
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ҵڣҲؽн֮ᣬнֱ֮һд巨ҵֶηӡСֻҪõĻǻѡ
֮ķʧʱһɺķ紵յϡ
߰ɣȥСǻΪҴʲôľϲ³һȻΪһ˼䵽Զշ˰ԶȻ󻺻Ʈɢ
ҪԭĻֻҪֱӱ䵽֮⣬ܽڸɱǰ
ھҲزԽԽǿ
ԽǿϣԽҵ飬ط棬ϣ㲻Ҫ֣Ŷ¶һɱ
ʮŻ죬طҪӹ֮г֮Уطǿʲôط
ҽзյʱǺȻоˬ࣬漴һ˷ֳǱɵϢʧ漴˷ˣһ棬ܵ˳ǱЩȥʬ庿ޡ
ֲҽӽʬ壬ֻǿޡ
ߵǱʱӭҵģǺ޵ˡ


609 
ҽ֮ЩӵԵʯǱҲյȻΪһѶɳ
ǱʱѾıлɵϢˣϵʬҲû˷ʱ򣬱ѾɢеӶʹ÷䲻ٴȾҲ֮ĴȾԲǿ
ǱĿţе飬ǽδʧʬ
˵ʬôֲЩ˻ǺὫǴߡ
ʵǲֱӴӻ˵ֱӽյģΪĻ͵ڽ˵ҲֱˣҲᱻߡҪʣϵķ䣬ǵÿķֶˡ
һص˾ۡʱķѾ֮˶ԴϲĵĿ̻޴ʱһͷϵĻʧˡ
ѾָʱźŮԵİƤϺˮ̣ͦЦʱѡ̶̰ʱ䣬Ѿָ糣Ҳˡ
ⲻֻǵڶĹܣķҽѾﵽ뻯ľ硣
ϵЩһķָ£ñݵĵҺһЩҺ塣ǵĶЩɢȥɢڿС
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⣡˵ؾȻʼʰŵһأô˱֪½ɵΪǷмֱȥ磬Ϊûнɫ۸ߡڴ˵أоǺ˵գ˵һżı
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ﲼ˾ŴޣķˣߵĳͷԶϿȥ
ԶкһƬɫϼɫϼ֮һƬƬɫƣͺϽҪ±ӣʹ϶棬ڿκζֻΪԶǸˡ
硭ʱһĶ紵޵ͷڷз裬һڷеʹ
ޱ۾ͷ΢΢ԵʮůǲǰƤֲڣԵԽϸ塣ķĳˣд޾ŮҪȥޡ
ķУûԱ֣֮øɾڴޣİҪķͻԥȥ
޹غŮ֮飬ֻԶ
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ﲻŴеļ䣬һͬ롣
غһҡ
ףҲ᲻ǲߵĻûѽѵǾҪԴ𣬵Ƕɱ𡣡޴ſǻʮּ

ﲼȻЦ˰ǣһ
˭˵ҪԴУޣ֪֮ĳƺôġﲼļ𣬺ǽնҪơʮΰеĹȻڵһ٣˳ǽ֮С
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䴦ɽϣ޲ʾᦺȻ漴ǹսǵɽϣȻһ
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ҵ˫֮жʱᣬ·̫䵽
ǰΪʲôҪܣôɱûаȫУͺ޸ĸƼҪץסһ½أץסֻ沨ˮѡ
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漴ұ㷢֣ϾȻһ˺۶ûС
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ԹԵڰݷ𣬵ȴ΢΢һͷ͵
ʦɻ󣬻Ϊҽ󡣡˵
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618 ҵҽ
Ħ֪Ϊʲô𣿡΢΢ЩɳƣϣȻ󻺻˵

ҡҡͷ漴㷢ûת漴ش˵֪ʱֿˡ
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Ȼͼ˹ǽҵ֮飬漴ǿн˽ȥͼ˹ͣɡҡҸоɡ֮һ˿ⲨȻһǩôϸ֮ǰֻͷ˿ôϸ
ҵ۾ͼ˹ϣͼ˹ͷҡҡͷ
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619 ˫еĻ
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ʶΪħͷͽɫâħɫƬ֮⣬ƬӦǳŶԡ
Ϊ֮³аȣħζѵɫƬ˲ħ

ä߹ǰʱͷȻһȥʱĴ涼ڲæȶסٴƫơ
ֻԴϣˮһͷʱЩˮһࡣһǲҽһѸʧȻһˮݾסʬ壬һſĿУ׽֮󣬻Ϊһ౻³
澹Ȼٸ࣬඼ڳ˯·ϵĳʥߡ
ұǿСУСͫ׺ƻǾȹҵĳʥߣֻ⼸˾Ȼ۾
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ؿήսڣеҪ
ȻҸоһĿעӵӴǵĿʱҶʱ˻þ

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㿴ʲôͼ˹ǧһʵ
ҿˡһ𣬻һĿ⣬ĬһʲôĿⰡܣ㡭
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Ҫǣ˫۾ˣҼ
̵ļǵãڷ⣬ҽһصĶѨڶѨ֮ҵʮ޼ʼһνҵõ˽ũշǿʯ
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äߵͷϣһվŮˣŮ뵱ҿŮһģһ

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620 Ļ
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Сжʱɢ⣬˱ýʱʮһַ񱦹⻪ְ㻤ס塣建ڴĶͷ

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յߴ֮˸ѪɫңԶҲؽѲҪ
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Ů˱ǱƸ˵ϣ޴ʯͺҪΪһָɽ֮Ҳһħͷѹָɽ£ǸħͷΪһ
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ռ֮Ե޹ѿһ϶漴һ˫źɫ׵ĴִֵһֻѪۣкۼƺиĿ顣һ֣Щ޲ʾᦱϵ顣
һֽƸƿץסŮˣһֽСץס漴صһ˻ȥ
Ӧ
иռ䣬ʹߺ޷ֱӱץ½ֶΡ
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ΣնҰɣ͵ˣȻЦ漴ռѷûҲǺȻ飬֮üһ޴ĸ֮·̷ֱ


621 ɫ
ꡣ
ȫҵ֮лгֳʹҾþòƽϢġһĻɫüΪѿһ仰ҲҵĶлԽԽͺһֱҶ˵ҵǸɫĴ˫ɫֱۡ
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صٴγ֡Ҳ֪ʲôݣ֪ӺδžԽԽ״˵жǿ
Ȼڲصط׵˺ռ䣬췣֮۶Сѵ˵վȻѡΪ𣬻˵ǿ췣֮۶ˡҿնңǾ˵׶Ҫʼˡ
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ʦҿҪʲôңҽΣմأǴ𣿡Ǵֱӻء
֪ä׷ģô͵ҽѴ˹ܹõһ·ϵɱ˶ˣ󽫱ӻĴ඼ٵ
ҵ췭ظʶ֮һյƲҽѴġ
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ǰ󳱲Ѱôǳʥ߲ΪСлôǷ񲻾Ϊֹäô
ȷֻ˻һ棬ȴﶼŶԵġ
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ͼ˹û˵
µֻԼܳѭ㾳ﵽȥѰɽɡͼ˹Ц


622 ʱɷ

ҳĳһ֪ɽϢʵĴʽǲģһתվȴʵڵģɫ磬ǸΪУͺһ˼룬ɽĴʽ
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ŵһЩز뵽֮У´ԸգĲɷ
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ڷӡԳն֮ˣ˼ǿ
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ҲҪԼȥɽԭҷɽɫ֮УʱƯʲôطᱻɽҲ˲ɣҲ½硣·𿴳ҵɻͼ˹˵
ǣ֮©ʱңɽѾʧȥЧ
ǶⱾǷ֮ΪµѣҲҪ֣ʹɽɫӰԽԽ
Ų֮ǵؽһ˽硣
ʱңپͻήˡ
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һʶǱ֮Сԭ磬Ǳ۾ҲüоĴڣǴʱȴԸſգڰ



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оʧ˼ҲҵԪӤȻ飬Ϊɻңн֮ʧ֮ȻһΪɻңƺȻϨ
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ʲôûˣǾʬ塣
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˵ĹϵĳԼСȻһ꣬ĳ㻹δǻۣһɮ˾£һɮ˳˷
תֱһ˾£һȴתֻؾŴΡ
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ڣȴЦˡ
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ɷû뵽ջǽ˵ˣ㾹Ȼ顣Щ˫㶼ѿһӡ
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ڻʱ򣬽ɷ𡭡ͼ˹˵û˵꣬ȴֽɫڣ¶Ц
ҳɷ𣿺ٺ٣꣬Ҳ˵İõҲϲѺ۳֣ԽԽȴǿƽ
ΪˣȻ˱仯


623 
˵壬ʱˣڸ¶һ˿ǵɫΪǰǾ壬ȻڻźɫѪҺѪҺ֮дһ˿ɫ
ֻѪҺʣɫԽԽأȻѪȫʧ
ԪӤȻԿѪҺĴȴÿһӶµѪҺˣʱ޿̶ѪѪҺεıʿʼı䣬ѪҺʮִûǣʼնˡͼ˹壬˵
ЦһԲ˵кܣÿһ֪
ıʣնҵĿʼһʾͻ᳹׿ʼı䣬Ӹϴﵽⴿʡת߷ǸӵӦ֡
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Ун糣õķͲ֪ôѡˡ
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ʱŽţ˵ǲӦзġȴŷϵҡҷţͺǷĻ顣漴˷֣ԴͷǰΡ
ȴΧȻɢݳһɹЩȻ̽һ̬
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ЩΪһӰڿзšǵжȻͲһɹɷ硣ֻЩ￴õĴڣȴһж
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º͵Ϣһڣ׶ϢǲϴǣǵϵѪҺôġҲʹεԽԽǵѪҺʽ˵ķ϶֮УʱһƬƬϸСĳӴ
ͣͣ͡
ЩϾͷȻͼ˹״ʱǰһЩѪҺֱɷ飬ĳȫط
ԽԽǿȻγһȵֱ嶥񷡣

ʶ֮еξȻһͽΧһдĶᣬһڵ㽫Ķըһ׶ֱĶʱɫ֮ĺڰڰ֮ǿ˸
飡
׹ͺһֱֱ͸գʹ泹ҹݵĳʥ߲ͣߺ
ǿյĹâӳڴϣ֮ɢ֮䣬ε徹ȻڿУϽ죬½ӵأ֮һˡ
˱ǣҡ
а׹ӳ䵽ĵط繰°Χâµʯͷ澹ȻϢڻһ㡣
ԭط֮УȻԿеǳͶһâֱӹεĶͷͬˮˢʮܣѪҺʣȻǦڵϣҳһӶ
⣬ֽ֮󣬲γɵ쾰ѪǦ⾹Ȼ½ɵֶΣողն𣡡ͼ˹ȵĽг漴ƼһȻ˷⵽Χס
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ʱһһ֮ƮƮˣ˫Ŀ֮䱦ׯϣͬһֻЩ֮ûн壬ǾۼԺ󣬳Ϊһ⡣
⻪֣д˹âߵճɾ͡
նң֮γɱ⻪֣ͼ˹ǵһο
áβûнգ˿
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ڵಫԽԽǿѪҺʵٶԽԽ񱩣ͺǺŭ֮ǰֳˮ
ףϼ
εǿޱȣ档
ѪҺƤĤȵȡ
εξȻʼɱţֱһ죬ֱһͱ֮дһǸʱֻһƬˡ
ʱεһñȸֻӲһñˮ仯֮䣬˳ޱȡ
ϢҲڲϱ仯š
һһ㣬һþȥɱˡ
仯תնʲôҡͼ˹׵Щ׽͸
նҵʱ綼Գصͼ˹Ͳ֪նʲôˡ
û꣬ʱȻӿһƬƬȪˮȪˮ˲ӵȻûͼ˹ץŽգ漴Ȫˮϡˮֱӽسظ
ˣˡ
ڴʱε£ȻðһƬɫҶɫҶ֮кȻðһǶ䣬⻨ǶѸٿΪһ
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ӿȪСӾھʲôѵʮֻҪʮֻеҶһնڷôɣѵͲôͼ˹ˡ
ӿȪı½ȴɵġ
ߣںʲôαȻطӡվݴأص׶֮ȪôΣҲûáⲻҪ𣬽ɻɷ𣬳Ϊ߹ⲻһѵԼҲẦ£Цķ̵ġ
Ϊʱϴ΢Ц
ڴԣͼ˹Ȼ޷ǽɫҡҷԴȫɢڿ֮С
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624 ˭
ΰķطպʹصĴڡֻǺѱѣκȥǹ֮裬ջΪһƣ漴ΪһƬ֮ڴϡ
꣬Щƣĳʥϣͺ֦¶ϴǵƣ͡ʹǸϣͺʹõõף
ʱڴ֮еε˳Ⱦʱʱ̶̿ǽྻ¡
ӴԺط֮УǿʩչȻ̵仹û꣬콫֮ε¶һ˿΢Ц
һȥֱӻΪתάĴڡ
αչʮ꣬ҲΪӶǡ
ء
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߿֮Уѿһ϶϶֮һɳķݣһЩȻγһ޴ķġ漴֮Զ˷ݣô˷ġ
ݣ󷨹ġ
飬飡ʥ߼ĴУǷݷĲϹݡ
һ쿪ʼطĴ˵Ǹ졣һּʱ򣬾ͻϵΪ֮ݣ󷨹ġ
콵أݣ󷨹ġҪɷⲻܣЩ󲢲Ƿγɵģǲܳɷġ㵽׽̻ʲôô£ͼ˹ָ㣬ڤڤ֮Ϣڸļ㣬ȻûܼεǾʲô
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ͼ˹ֱӱͣνʱ򣬾ؿ顣ĿľΪ˽ɵ֮УҪηеɱҪسɷ
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ļ൱ɲΣθոնң޿ֱܻһ졣
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ҲҵĴڣһʱЩ㵡
ŶҵֻҪնܳȥطµҺȻ˵漴ɫ¶һɹ΢Ц
Ҷʱһ㶣ҾȻܣǵõģǿȸͼ˹ȻնҵģΪʲôȻ˵
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еնʬĴڣҪȥα棬ػնɱҡνնңҲνģ档
նңΪĵһѡ
ңҲǸ
ԡ
㲻ǱŶԣƭɱȻЧǧǰ⣬ȥ뷨Ҳδ̫ˡȻ˵
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ԹɣҾܳΪնҵĴˣµҺȻЦ漴Ѫƽƽҵظ
ꡣ
Ѫ壬Ҷʱо궼ƮɢͺһˮѾտټȵĻͻˮȻڿС
ھʹĹУʮܡ


625 һֱ
ۡ
ʱѪдеңֻһͷظ֮˿ڱȥѪҺȾһƬռ䡣ʹǸֲУ޷麣ҹҧסңȴûټΪˮͷǵݿҵļϣ޷¿ڡ
ҿŰµңԴвȻЦ
ͷ˾ȻЦҲãЦȥҲãҲʹࡣȻֻһһĴڡǰµҺȻЦ漴ǽѪȥ
ʱϵļ⽫סлɳˣһѡ
˵ô棬ҶĹƭȥˡ
ЦȻֱֱס۾ʶģʱȷˣ˵ұΪĳϡǵѵʱֻԭα¶ˡ⻹Ҫƣȼҿ˺ܶණ
˵ǰµɫԽԽѿѪҪſȴҷסֱۡ
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ҡµҺȻɫ԰ףǹǦƵá
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֪ΣͲҶ֣˷ĵط㾹ȻҪɱѵûзһ𣿡Ц漴Ŀҡ
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նʱֻξһǧ֮꣬ն˶ʱδȫָնҲ¶ͺƵáʱұܵ׽ٽ٣ֻնʱһ׽٣ȴҪնʱʮΡƹ׽١һ˵
ʦڷ֮Уֻܵһ׽٣Ȼնҽ𵤸ı䣬׽٣ŴﵽΡ
ʱҾȻȻնʱʮڷ֮٣Ǹı֮١˵ɵںڷеʱ
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ն׽٣նܷ֡ȴǰһΣɢξѾǿħҰ˼⡣֪ҲףһΪʲôҺȻ˫Ŀ֮йâʢ

ҵѪڿһͺʲôն
漴һҴҵ߳ǰҴִķװƺЩۡȴǿһǿҽһҴնǿҲ˵
ǶңȻٴαնҵֻһ롣

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Σ㲻ǽں𣬾ȻֽҷҪɱɣҲãͿ˭ɱɡħ˵ţҪ˹Ͷˡ
ȻҵȻȫʧռ䣬˵㰡
ңңҵңȫˡ
ҹЦȻŴ۾ԭһֱУһ°
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626 ն
̤һһֱҵӡûܽ˵ӰȫĨȥһֱǿԼĴڣһֱֵʵĴڣҲǸ˵תҵ˼롣
ŵĴڸ̫ǿˣԶԶ˼ʧ˲ĥĺۼ
նΣնǰħƣҲӰӡͺҵĶΰңֱļ潻̸֪ҡ
ĴңҾ־С֮ĶȾ֮ĸо
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֮һܵıĳͷΪҴһʼĴڸնڵһŵ꣬ЩܵӰʬӽ쿪ʼұǽҵĴںĴڳ׸ᡣһЦ
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Σ㻹ǹԹȥɣ㵽ʲô磬ҶǿħҺȻ͸ˣһھͽҸ̳Ե
ʱΪ޴Ĵڣ·ħҪ¶ȥ
ħеɾʱȾЩ˶ʱΪضħֱӽ߰ɫȾڡҾվԭأսЦ
ħһҵǰۼѾҵͷ
ӴˣұҪȥα棬ƶŵģ
ҵģնң

ҽһӣʱ֮ͬлƵȻֹħʧ٣еĴڶʧˣһյƣҲʧ·ղŵһжǻþֻһҴš
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棬档ȥα棬̤һһ۷塣һȻ˫ۣʱ
ҾȻֱӻص˴ߵħӡ
գһӣ㽫ħ˻
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飬飡
һ˲׷ŵֱӿ뵽ҵ֮УʹҲʹӿеǿѹסֱһɽȥ
Ҫ߿ȥģڿлֱӱ췢֡
ʱ컹źǿӲСһɽϣɽмʮ﷽Բ嶥Űѩѻصشԭɽ֮ѩǻ֣Ӧûðɡ
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ΨڵĴڲûбĨȥҽһжսн֮С
Ȼǿ󣬵ֻ塣ԪӤҺ壡Ȼ˫Ŀһ
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Ȼйâٱ䣬Ϊʱҵгһ顣
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ٻ𣬻֣ҲǻΪξͲսȥ
գҰһ𣬶ʱԪӤںϣͷϲһŤ·ҵкۼһѿ漴һʵ۾
ۣ
۾֮˹ââֱͶ䵽н֮ϣн֮
սʱҵȫȻҵڼķ϶֮ߡҵÿһϸƶĸ壬ڲȡ֮н֮Уǲ޴С

һһҹŽЩյѶʧ
ҽн֮˫Ŀߵա
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627 з
ʱ˿֮ҵڱԪӤе۴ʱֳü֮俪һֻ۾ֻ۾Ϊۣ֮Ҳһͨͨʩչֻ۾ʱܹߵĳ״̬
˵ߴﵽ״̬ʱ򣬾ͻῴƽʱĵز
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ڲһˣҵҰȻʮǡ
κ˴κһңᱻҿһѸӦ
ȻΪ۵Եʣһռ֮䱻ָһά磬嶼ڷӦ֮СҽնҴɣ۷ʱԪӤ˴˲֣漴ռ֮иĶͱҿˡ
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ڣͼ˹еķȻͼ˹ʮ
㶼ǰɣҾֻˡһ˫紹£漴¶һɫ
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£֮еԲ͸֮·ˮݴԽԽŨܣʹ֮Ȼˮʡ
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ʱҵȻһǣǴӿн¾
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գӡ
˫ٴһ̣ʱһֻ޴ĿֱڿγɡԲʮ֮ڣеķ֮ΰȻҺʵһ̳ȻˮƵñѹ
ʱһƵýɫֳմӡѹ»С﷽Բ
˲֮ڣеգͺγƵá
ǷȻǷʳˮͲ޷Ϊʲôܴﵽزͼ˹ʱȴȻһ档
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ʱٴߣʱʵĽɫȻٶȱѹȻΪһʮɵľ塣⾧岻ϳͣγһСĳǳأǳض˵ʮİǶͼ˹˵ʮϤ
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ֲڽӵ˵˼˵һӴС֮ڣܲһɽҲһ硣ǷŶڿռĲÿһ֮Уܿӡһǳء

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꣬꣡
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633 
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֮УƼϳľ޶·𽫵ȱڴž
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УǲԸô׶εģּңڲҲˡ
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ΪħһǻܵӰ졣
˵ȴڵĸһ˵һα
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ȥǵ繴ճĺۼ˸ܵıʻ
֮ϣüͷȻһȡ

ʯ鶼Ҹȷɿ漴¶ɫļӡϸ˿࣬ͺǲϼƵãлŽɫĹâȻڻšǰСͫ׺ƻĴӣǽӴʱѾ˱仯
ʱ֮һ𣬾ͺļӡ
˫һУǿеİء
Сͫ׺ԣȴ෴ڳһѭӡͺƵãһϢн·ԶͣЪ
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ԪӤɳ֮߾Ȼγɷ˫޵ľءҲͷһԿԼҲûнȫ֮С
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׺ƣ޳ԪӤܺá⣬ԪӤʮڽԪӤһãջص˼䣬Ȼһ컯ҽеǼİ׺ƺҵâ˸
ҽܵһǰ׺ƾȻȫΡҲԥֱڼϻһ漴ҵ˫ֻ˽ȥڰ׺Ƶĵֱ֮ӽŽԪӤץȻѾС
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ԪӤ㣬ʮʮһ
ţԲķȫսȥڳߡʱԪӤһģһȻֱԾննҵĴڣûнѡ


634 ǣ
ԪӤ֮УֱӽԪӤ˽⾹Ȼ˲顣ǽеģ֤ѵǰ֮ڸߵĲΡʱΪ൱ʽȴȫͬ
֮лĲ࣬ʹΪǿˡ
绹Ǹ磬ܸо꾹Ȼһ㶼ûб䣬Ϣûиı䣬ֻǿˡ
Ҹоһյº͵بƣҵ
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ͰаɣѾΪ֮˷ӡũ㲻ȻǿҲˡ
һֽţȻ֮һԭ˾Ȼ֮ѹҽ
΢΢һЦ˫ũ֮УȻͷ
׺ƺͰСͫͨˣһѪ׺ƻҪΪһЩҲŻѡ׺ƵԪӤ磬ҲܸõĽ
磬һ̶ѨΣЦ
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ͼ˹üͷŸ磬֮һ˿˵ģܿ챻ε漴ֿңнȴֲǡֻüͷҪߴ١
һعͷͼ˹
ʮָлģʵһյƣֻնҲնô졣
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ҳĬĿţ漴ڲһɢ֮䡣ʱڤڤеһ·һųƵöҵ
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ڴУֻһյ̨ȼգӵľͷһˡֻиɫӰӣоҵĴڣȻ۾˫۳Ѫ˿ֱҪųѪҺ
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ΣջҪαأ˻һҶʱов
λͼ֮Уռ֮вͣ٣ͺǽռֱӷָƬ漴Ƭռ֮еֱͨӱʿǰһѷ죬ѷ֮гһֻ޴ĺɫֱ
ֱ۵֮һۼйĹĵģʲôƵá
һֲοҲĲװҺǺЦ漴һ̤ͬϡ
ڲǰ㣬ϢоͱץȥˣֻҪԸ⣬ҿԻٵֱۡ
һҪǣķ
οѾҹʱ֣Ҹûѡֻѡʱǡ
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ৡ
ռǻָƽֻͼ˹һڴ˴żˡ
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¹֮һ˿ͺһȦȦƵڲ趯֮ڿʣµ϶֡漴Ͽնܿüһɫļ⣬ͺһɴӿе䡣
ͼ˹̿ˮЩţо·
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񽫣̫Σˡ
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ӭʦ˶ʱȥĺء
ͼ˹˵ʱʱһ
ǣǣ


635 
ط档
һۣϳŰ˵ĵ·ÿһγ۵ϸ߾һɢͷֱž塣ֻһ֣ضоķŭĿŷŭĻ棬ʱҪյȼ
ϵĺ֮Уһɫǵĺᴩӵĺ󱳡
ط壬ڴӹŹ߳һҲûκȥ
ƺ˶ڵŲط֣в֪ж۾˼֮ѾɱȻսҲǳΪȻһˣ˶ĬĬĵȴţȴһʼ
ڵɽ֪ж߾ۼ
ߣطӴȻоߣһ£һ
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ʱĹŹزԽԽãҪֱʧڿ֮СŹ֮һȻһֹ
طֻǲмһЦ漴һ
ˣ
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ط棬ĳ˵ѾԽŵꡣ
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濴ȥʱɫ㵡
ںʲôͨЦЦ˵Ҫֽס
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ʱڹӭط棬ȴԼԼڳ˶Ƶĸо
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éɣԴӳն֮ʹΪѾŭĻֻ»մȾϲҪ鷳
ȻʵéֻдһʩչҲΨһһ
˷ָ֮쾹ȻǲԽٵķʽ֣ǵҲûʲôϵܴܲӴϳȥһ£ѡһأ˫ڴ໺ָ̧֮˸һâ
֮䣬Դ˳磬˫Ŀ֮ҲΣյĹâ
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ۣɲҪǧ֮ǰܳɵģͥżأҳ֣ǾǶͥսˡ˵
۵ȷѾԳɣĴ˵Ѿ˵ġֻһ½ɶѣȻûͥȥ
ط汨Цƺſ̬ȡ
ͥս̧ͦͷҹգԲƺЦ
Υ˼ͥս
ǴӺ翪ʼ˼ͺͥս𣿴ӳնʱѵ쾹Ȼôȣ˵ͥѾʼ˥ڲ˼𡣡
涥أͺһƵվţ񽫵Ȼֱӱѹס
㡭˵һ֣ŷԼֱӱסˣ漴Դ飬Ȼ޷
浥ֽס˫֮гĮ
ȥɣҪ˼Ұ֮ǰǵһ˼ǶѾʮΣգҪͽǸ߸ϵ̬ڳץ񽫵Դеâ̼񽫵ꡣ

ץסǣһ


636 
طʱ򣬾Ѿ񽫵쳣Ȼе˺ͻˣɶѹסȻǶŹӭط棬Ƕá½ɵЩȻѹסġ
˽ʹôֱӱסȻ󽫷ĴڸѹסڰͲطУȴǿиɣһֻ־ܽ
񽫵ƮڿУģͺһɫס
䵽ʱ澹Ȼϲһ˿˿ȻǸɱڻƵá
񽫵ǲֱӳ½ռģȻĻͻᱻ½ռų⣬ʹֱĵҲΪʲôѡٵԭ򣬾ͺ˵ȥᱻɷһĵ
ۣǿܽҵСӵڡֻҪʧͻֱӱը㵽ӵд޽ɵҲȲˡЦɫ֮һСŻɫԲ
Բ֮У֣Ǿꡣ
ֻ겻ţ¶Ϊʹɫһԣ˺

ʱһƵ֮ʹӿг֣Ȼм䣬Ȼȼյٶȼ
ڵǹһ㣬ȻһΪһӡǽ֮ӡס񽫵ĶͷΪһӡǣ񽫷ӡͬʱֽ˼֮Ϣ
ôвңĲˣΪ˷ֹٴʧѾ׼һ긴塣ʱԽһȻԸͼһ󡣡˵
˵仰ʱ򣬲طǰһȻʲôû˵۾һǳˮ𵴳ȥ
ˡ
طȾ͸о䵭ٴν̽ȥѰʲô
ŰĻһ㶣漴ƲЦˡ
ƵͲˣȻͲȵڻ˵̡̽ôȡɣûõģֻԸ⣬ܽСӷųϾĵܵ㲻ɣΪҵԲԣ˵
˼ǳĬѰľҲͣ
˵ǰĵܵת֮УԼõĵܵܡܵشȻֻء浱ʱܵͲѺۣһΪţԻС
˵治ɵԭ򣬴󲿷Ϊܵܣŵꡣ
ԭѾ©ˣѹ־Ȼһûõ·˲öԣȻţǾͱˡ¶ȻϲطǾɡط澫ջȻһ㡣
ৣ
ûȰ淴Ӧ񽫵뵽εȥʱ۾ЦҪڡʱ֮Ȼһֻɫ»ֱ֣ӽץݺɽĻ֮ɽһ
ɽ̺ƱһУͷѿ

ֻɫֱӱŷ漴һ֮Сʱһʹ궼޷ѣ·ΪѹĴڣֱѹ

˰ס㣬ڲط־Ȼֱӽ񽫸סˡ
ط棬㡣Ǻϵ󲿷顣ǿҵܵܣʲộʲô¶ĳŭ
ط澳൱Ȼطڱǿܴѣҧһڡ
Ȼʱطֻǵ˵䣬΢΢һЦ
ģˡϾεĺѣԸءط¶΢Цͺ˵ʱҪѺһƵãŭֻҪҵһ㣬ܷɽ󺣡
ŲطԣĬͷӡ
ҲҲգѡģֻ㡣㲻˵Ѿն֮ϵҲ޼£޷ָŵĲΡڱŵ˵ҲѷɫﻹҪԸ治⡣
θ¹ȥطҲѾһֲ˼ĸ߶ȣΪʲôôִš
ͱˣΪȻ뵽һˡΪ˵ĹϵǲطпĻβݵľȥ
ΣΣطŭˣ֮еĻȻ֮Ͷ䵽֮ϡ
䡣
߿֮еֱȾ죬Ļ潫նΪ˻𺣵֮ڵĳ֮оȻֱӷ˴֣ʮֱԩ𡣵澹ȻҲգʹ֮˾Ȼɢ
֮䣬˾иӦȴֲȣΪطѾ
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ʱ֮кȻһһƾӿ·֮ŭ·֮𾪡
ǿʮˣȻֱӱطˡ
һŭط֮ҽźݺһ塣

䡣
ɽ֮Уһ죬һסƾϳɽֱӱ˳
Ųطڱһ㽫ϵθ˳
˻໣˻໡ǹ֮ȻֱӱֱӳΪһʮ׵İ漴ط潫˹ȥȻֱӽ̳֮ȥ
Ӵ֮֮ɽû֮ɽҪɽͻήںľɽ֮

һʹһž޴˵ڿз漴ԴŲطֱУԦϵĿ·֮ˡ
Ҳط潵ҪţѾһǿߡҪģǽһͳʹϴƣطٴΰһӣ֮𶯲񷣬һռѷ·ڸơ
һ֣Ȼٴѿ


637 Ѫϴ
ط潫һӣǵصıɣֱӽ뵽ǰϡĦת˲֮Ѿ֪˹Ľ֣ĬǲطΨһƷɣȻʮּȴҲֳֶ
ſеĲط棬仯ȴԼڡ
ţʱطӴߣʱ¶ζıҧҧվ˳
ʮֻңֻһӾͱط
²ɽѪϴ֮ƻã´𷣡ڲطǰǶͣ
лȻΪΪ飬˲뵽εķ
ſԴ̧²ط濴صܡҲǾòط潫Ŀͨ͸
ʱϾºˮնĴڣﾭ
ȻɽѾҵͳ֮£ȻôûпżˡȺ֮ˣȻ𣿡طȴû˵һ䣬ǺȻʵ
һ仰֮ѹȻѹĴ
ǣǰպȻԾ御绯ɢȻɻҡ𻺻˵ĺˮڵʳСϪ
ԭĦһʹ˲ط淢ʩżȫ֮ǰż˺Ȼ֮вϺޣȻǾȻȼھ֮ȼնǼʱʲôûҵֻҵһյֻʣ°ľᡣ
ŽǸڵľطУչ
һƬ£±һùʲôˣȫյĽڡطβ֪ʲôеĻִʲô
ָסᣬڻһӡ漴ǵһֱѿ
ĵҲ徻
طͷ²֮ӽͳɽʣʿΪ֮ȷ棬䵱ɽϲפɽ˵ؼȻˣôΡ
ǣ˿վûз֡
ķֵĻ֪Լˣ漴æͷӡԼǽ֮Ժ¶ɻ
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Ȼȴû˵ĬĬĵȴš
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ݴصĵͼĻʮԲȦⶼʮʮشĵطм򶼴˸С档
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ѣҲûȥ㣬ȴҪòңδЩԽ˰ɡطһ𣬶ʱǷ⾹Ȼֱӱը漴һڽ˸ŵַӡǳ֡
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638 
طѵĴǰͼ˹ȻһеĻʱȫϨǳеһҲʹнضϣ涨Ǻ˫С
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ʱ۾Żֹסᣬû˫ۣô۾Уȴ·𿴵ȷѪ꣬Ѫ졣
Ĭһƺڲ׽һЩ档
ΣһоͶˣǵʧܾ֮ܲסط棬һпܻᱻɱͼ˹ϵöӱסʱΪɻ
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Ȼǲſʼʯеܣγɽĵ
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ͼ˹ÿһ춼߷ֺãƻͽ
ⲻαʲô
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ڸļ֮У©һˣ˲ΪؼĴڡĻֻ¸Ͳᷢ
ףǸ˭šҺȻ֮ԴһѣͨͺŤ
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⡣
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639 
̻Ի͵Ĵ֮У֮ϵĶϵǶҹ飬һſž޴ҹ齫֮յ͸Ȼ֮յһ˿Ӱ϶ûСرǰ˸޴ӵĻƽצ˫֮ҹͺ㾦Ƶá
ǧһͬվ˸ӽ
ǰһצγɵľ޴Σһöɫҹ顣ŵģһƽשÿһ涼̻·з룬飬ˡһסֱϵĹ
ڴм䣬һ̽죬ɹʮһͬ͡
ʱΧһŵɫѣ渲ǳɴŮӣһ˵Ĵ֮Ȼ衣ֽŵ䣬һСǵ赸ҡöǳŽţָͷһƵڱ趯
ǰŮӣų˿趯ЯһССãᲦ

ֺҵԴ˸飬ŮӶʱʻ·ڻϵķŮÿһÿһ赸ܽҵݺݴ
ҵһָֻţȻЩ
ԽԽҵĺЩܡ
߾ڴʱҺȻҧ⣬͵һ죬ԺػӰֱʧ
ǰָֻԭ״ЩŮѣȻڽҸסˣȴǼ򵥡
Ի
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ʱ翴ң¶һ˿Ц
Ļ죬һΪֱУû뵽ôˡ˵ʹЩΡ
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΢紵˷˿΢ұǿ˵ȻǴ޺ķ
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л޴˿ޣ⻹öл˴̨ȻСŮӻûле赸ءԻһ̾һŮ쾡£ϻһ˿
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̫ˣĥ˵Ϸʱý˰ɡ
˵ǶԽȤأ޺ȻаЦڶݡ


640 Ըָ

˵Ҿǰʽһʽҵõһۣȴ;ħʹҺ뱻ȡΣաֱǰŽ֮ǰָᣬħҶᣬȻͲˡ
ڶʽĽǿԵõ൤ҩģʦ⽫ҩգԵɺϵĵõũǴǵõũֻǸʱѾܲ˲طѹȣѡںϵͳˡ
ʱҸŵ֣ڵնҵĲΣ׶ʽҲʼˡ
˵
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˴ʽֻ߸ˣڶһϷĹҲҪˣҾԤе飬ԤһָǰĵЦ
һﾹȻΪ˵Ӧûʲôɡ
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ţ
¶̰⻹˵ǧäߣΪôأ
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ʱ֮еϢͻԾˣ˵˼ǣֻҪһ߷񣬱ֱգȻǿ֮Ϊ½ɡ
ܳԽ½ɣɵľ磬ɱʲôҩҪ
⻹ֻǵһƷ
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ڶƷЦЦȻ˫ģڶƷ
˵ĿٴתƣŴſ֮߹һɴŮӣһк첼漴̽˺ˣȻ˵ߡ
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Ҷʱ˵ֻ췣ۣ֮Ȼֻʣһ϶϶֮߸ס
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һ仰˵ķӦСģΪǿȻˣûа׳Ե͡
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641 
μӣǲμӡ仰ʳʱ֮еĿˡ漴һ񱩵ϢֱӳŸ磬ȻȴѹЩǳвˣѾں˵ľУеѡô
ϢվԱߣֵһѹ޷ǰ˵̫ǿˡ
о˵жǿΪʱҵ̫Сκһǿ߶һȻĺ蹵㡣ʱұ΢ܽӴľˣ𵱳ĳ˵Ҳѷɫˡ
翴źˣ˫Ŀ֮иԲһ𣬶ʱƻ⡣
漴ڿ֮УȻӿԾһһ٣ǲ˫˫ٺȻתʱԭȵϢͷųͺŵϢ֮󣬻ʩ
Ŷ˫󷨣㾹Ȼ˰ָʱ̫ˣҲûлָ㻹еѡ𣿡˿Ÿ磬˫ֻ
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罫סƺ̫ࡣ
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漴ʼɢŨҵζŵζʱΧ˳˸磬Ķ˫ĿŹ⡣

ζ˭ûгԹ˭Թ
ϵ⣬µ¿⣬û뵽ȻлƷҲʱԻ콿Ц¶âäŮǾȻ³һ˿ֲͷһɫä߻
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֮ڵＫ£˻޶
һϣ˱ǣֱǹĶҩ
֮Ϊѵĵز˰ϲˡ˵漴žŸ輧ƳһƳ


642 ʳ
輧;һһڷ˵ǰһЩͿӡÿһԲסƷеĶʱ˵ɽסҲ֪л˵漴ǿ۾
ʱԱߣ輧һ޴Բ壬ƶĹУȻڻζͺִУ洦ɼ˴̡
ŰɫȻϰףɫȵķֲ档
ȻһϯôϯϾӦЩϷ׼˴̣ÿһɫһˣҲǸԵ֡˵ָǸ΢΢תת̡
þȥɫһңȴʧˡ
ǲǸղװĲʣʶͲܽСҲ˵ڴҶ֪ԼɫʲôҲ֪Ҫ
Ҫһ߳⣬һʹ˴ֹͣÿʱͻѡһˣȻڵ֮䣬˳սҪԼˡ³ԼǴĸɫҲǻ۵ıƴˡ˹Ц޶ȫ
˶ʱԳ˶ݵĳĬ漴ں˽ͷʱŷӦ
Ȼγɵ֮䱾٣ǲеڶǰԽ֮ĴǱȲġ
˴תǱץ𵶲棬һ
ʱһҵֱҪ̽ƤҾȻгһѾ͸ˣڱֱӽ֮ȥ漴һֱ֮˴ת̡
ס֣ͨϣתʧǾԶûлˡʱСȻڻһͳһͭҡһ¡ʱֱӽҵĽס漴˺һ⡣
Ƭɺ֮ͻ䣬һ˺˺⡣
ϳСȻǵʱƤеľ塣û뵽ȻСõˣһá۵һʱҵľֱľںϣҾȻ̽һ˿ܡ
С֮Уһ޴磬֮лһС
ǲСڿڣӦڰ˱彵ٹһεСҲǸʮǰĺë֣ΪȻЩˡ
׳գ˭Ҫƻⶫֻ̽ʲôԼõġҲмĻػ
СһĻһǽգȻ⡣
ȷʮζһȥͺ̼ȫĸйϸÿһϸڻȸԾţƺһźһڡζʹ˼ҪУ漴ƤһۼͺҪƬ
֮ףͬ
ҼҲֱ仯ľѾʮָֱӾѹȥ
Ի˹ĳţȻץסΡʱСǧҲץסΣ˶һۣͬʱһһݡ漴ǳȻ֮иȥ
ͬʱǧϵĺԶʱ̲סһֱҧһڡʱ嶼ڲȻĬĬĽĹСäŮϵäҲǲʾֱҧһ⡣
Ժܿ⣬һҪŽԴȥ
ǵֱ۱һЩֱͱ˽ԴץһԲ
Ǻǣҵ飬ⶫֵҪߺܶడʱұǼתЩˣʱһȥʹ˴ת̼ת
ҽ˴ת̼٣˺˵ľ̴֣䡣
˿һĻûʱȥĽᾧӣҵԪӤࡣõʱ򣬾͸оʵЩȴܼ͡һʬ壬ɢ
ЩҪһΣ֪ʲôֻԡ
ҽһöıƤ˺ʱʵҺ壬һȻֱӽҵꡣʱ֮гһΣֱӿŽҪɳȥ
Ȼڴʱ֮һƷ˸âһССӡºȻŴ󣬾Ȼֱӽθѹס
ҵƲˣŰɣתϾҪͣˡ˺ȻǺһЦ˴ת̳ʮֹͣ
ʱ˹ͬʱǴת̵Χѡһɫ㿪ʼ
ȻյһѡģȻһֱĬԻһ֮Ȼʹתֱֹͣ
ɫ
ʱ˴ת̾һɫֻ߸ɫת
˱ٴοʼǰĽԣ࣬ȫǸǻڼҵöСһЩ顣¶һ˾ҵöҲҵһö顣
ʱ䣬˴ת̵ڲֱ࣬ͺʱ䡣
Ӱ˸в˵ʲôиҾͲˣ״ֻ̬Ҳ˲¼ɡ״̬£ڽеɫѡ꣬ҲһѹǼܡǺ˼ìܵĿҲˣʱµ档
˴ת̵˳򣬱Ạ̊́ϣƣȰס
ȻҶѾѡˣôս˳ҲͶˡشҶԼս˲룬ǵǣǶ´ˡڽһ֮Ǿܿʼˡ˲˲ǣȻʾ輧ǽŵĲ̶
̱ţǰоס
Ȼ֮ǰһֳܴǶնҵĴڣʳֱ졣ɵǰʱҾһѾԱ˵ĸоʮ
ģ
һ˸ӣʱеŤͷһҲ˪


643 ͷ
ǰģȻһԴԴ۾вѪ˿˵ƤϾȻ˳ª˿ڣֱһĿӡȻҺʵͲẦͷģͷݣҸȵԭ
ͷȻȫͬͷһ˲䣬ҾȻееĸо
ԣ˲ңŵꡣ
ƺŵһּΪصַ֣·ָĽ֮飬ΪˡǰҲΪŵתѣڶȻͬİ·
пŵͷ­ʱ΢΢ţеĹâ˸š
¿˵ţҿԣĻǲ㶼û
еĵյĽģǿֱҪը˷·ʱضܱը
ʱǧѾǰĲ̣оȻĸͷͷֱѪ죬ѪޱȡǧȴָѾԱĺԣĸͷԵĽζ
ֻֻҿǵ汻ҧöӡˡ
಻ͣĵ¿𶯵ķȻ漴һεεĵ
ҲǻҴ񻢣һһͷ¿ѡȻ֮ӿݺǰԴϡ
ž
Դֱӱҵĺǰ㱬ѿ˵סѪˮѾˡ
ǰĲ̣ȻǷǰģȻǺԴ
Ҷʱͷһ
ǰǸĽ㰡ǧĽ飬Լ֮ĸ飬ԳԽκһСݣҲ޷ָĨ𰡡
˵Ϊģŵ꣬ǲط棬ҡ
Ǹͷβһֱ벻ʼŵĵܵܣ㰡ǧ飬һĿ֪Ǳضʹˡ
磬Բ𡣡ŸĬĬжŸ˵
Ҳ½½ǰĲ̣äŮǰһŽɫĲ壬ͺһ⡣ǰȻԻͷתȥԻڣŷĵͷ˺һԵ
ԻǰȻһͷҲ֮Ϊʳ
ҾȵСĲ֮УȻʲôûС
ѵ˵УȻûʲôֵϧҾȻ΢΢ЩʧȻĿ䵽ԼĲǰ
˵ʵҲ򿪡Ȼ֪һжǼٵģԼܲ˴
򿪰ɣҶڸ߸˵ľ۲ͣҪǲһôܺʹһĵĿ˹ЦȻµĿҡ
֪ˣһжǺ˵ļƲߣһпʼҪǵʶѹ߽ǵ־ھĶΪУΪľҪڱ˴
ȻҲ֪Сʲô֪һҲܵ˾޴尾
֪ҪǲǰĲ̣ô˱ضٶȷѡ
ȻƽϢԼ飬ƻǰӵİϡʱ֮вһ𵴵·ܱ˿˹ȥȻһⶫ򿪡
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ҵԺ·ܵ˾޴𶯣ĺ·캣ˡȫԪӤһ˿˿ѿĸоüһ㽫һö۸͸¶ǹâֱǰԴϡ
ǵģǰԴ𶯵ǣöԴ
ǰֵģֱҵϣǸ磬ǺҲС
ףĸסҵҵţϢϵţ˾һƵò緢Ƥͨɫ
ǰģȻҵ˫ס
Դӽ֮ұ׽糹ϵĸҲǱҰڳеķԺҾȻԺн鶼ĵˡĸ֣һɶˡ
ʱиģȴʼĶʮ븸ĸһĹ顣
ǵһҵǰ任ڶ̶˲䣬ȻǶҵһСʱ֮һţͺҺǰӡ
顣
ΪѾ㹻ѪҸĸԴҲ֮ǰʱ˫֮мֱǰɵһƬ
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ˣڵˣǲƵĻὫطըն۷Աֱһսǿ֣ȥ¼һĻΪԱһεֱ֪
ղպ˵־Ա֮ĵһʱ侹Ȼͱƺá
ҵԱͲͬˣһֲתԱ
֣ʱԻСͬʱһס
ʱҵϾͳɫĹ֣ɫĹ֡һұɫǽ˫չҰסȴǶҲǿѹȣҪʹұѹƬ
˸ıѹ֮оܱסԼ
ꡣ
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ƿҰһţʱƵýΧָץסݺݵһ˺
꣬ĵֶʱȫ˺еķŭһ˿ʱҾ͸он֮öƬȻһ¡
޲T֮Ѫʱ˼Ϊ̾ؽеԻͺ˵Ľк֮Уû뵽ǣäŮҲǾȵĽг
ǵʱڵϢըѾƲסԼΪ
ʱθߣת֮侹Ȼﵽ׶ߣſܽһҧ顣
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644 
ʲôӰҵǡ˫ĿüĿ磬ԺеʶԽԽ꣬˳ֽϵöԴһ׽ʱѪȵζֱҵĿǻ̼ҵĴԣʹоȻѪ˿
꣬꣡
ëȻĹͷĦʹ˳ҾȻֱӽöԴ̳ȥ
ԼֹͣʱԼҲɻˣҾȻĸԴˣȻ֪ǼٵģǱϾҵĸĸҾȻˡ
ҶԼΪĲ˻ɣò˵˵ļıɹˣɹӰ˵ǡ
ãЩǼٵġ
ŶΪԼĶǼٵĶ԰ɣҸǿһڴʱ˱ǹЦ漴ơ
ʲôһﻹҪʲôҵģ
кȻǵĻŤ·ʲôʯʵĻת漴ǰ˸޴ϵĽ㻺ζǵӶɢŹâһ̽ա
漴ǵĹâͶм䣬ȻֳһͶӰ
ͶӰ֮У˴һƬڵУڵһһĿռѷ졣ѷֱ֮ܿ磬Ǳ硣
Ȼʼʱ򣬺˺Ȼ˺һѷ죬˫ֳһ̡
һ£ֱ۱ֱӱռ飬ֻʣɭɭ׹ǡڰ׹һͷǣͷ֮еѾˣƤȻԭ
˸¸´ЦȻҪͷǻָΪԴ
ͷ˵ѾȫɥʧȻǰǿޱȣҾڲϹעҲָֻܿһԴ˿ڶ޷
ȻĸԴΣȻŵԴ
ʱڵֱҪƵá
ҳɵɣֻ֮ͨнŵȻָըˡȻҪȫָûԴôܴء̾Ϣһʮϧ
ҳĬˣȻֻܴ֮нǴ֮δҲ̫ǿ˰ɡչֳԴȻãôˡĳ̶ֳ˵ЩȻġ
ʱҵģȫˣ
˫Ŀ죬з𶯣һ¿Լ˫֣ղɾ˫ֽͷ­ֱİ
ʱҪ˫ָնĳ嶯漴ȻſͣҪֱ۸ҧ
ڴʱҴļϡ
嶯ࡣ²ܹ㣬ûбҪΪ˶ԲС׶βǻԸָʵԸ⻰ոճڣҪԼ͡
ԸָֻԸˣ˵⻰ǱԼ
Ȼ֮󣬱˫ĿԲȻԸǺҲ˵κԸŵأԸһҲûɣ
ʱҸо˵ǶҪΪԼĿȥõԸָ
ŶܽҵСϷ𴩣õ갡Ϊעİɡ˹Цҽľƿ⣬ҵһ仰ȴԼȥ
ҲνҵѾ֮ˡ
ҪǣѾٴλ֡
ǸɫĿռ֮У·Ѿȥ˺ܶ꣬ѾЩռ϶ȶסˡǿ˺ܶ౶Ȼʱʱ̵̿Ŀϵ
ĳһʱ̣ĳһռѷ֮оȻһĻΪ˵һĻ
ǰʧɢҷ
ʱ򣬺˾Ȼڿһ̣ʱ̳һ˿Ϣ֪ϢҪʱԺеһͶ䣬Ȼֱӽһ˿Ϣȶס

һͿʼϢϣϢȻʼĻʱ䣬ϢȻڻָ
ʱգ㾹ȻܴﵽֵزɲʩչֶΡԣǽǸռʹʱܶݵĻݡʱеԴֿǻ֮УȻ˵
ʱգʱͿռ֮ʹʱͿռתʹ档
ǺȻɻ֮ʱ½ɶѣȻ帴ԭһԴȴ׵ıĨȥˡͺǺúĻһǣȴûеġ
Ѿˣֱľٶ
Ļ֮ҲŮʧˡ˹Ц
ڸеͷ­ֻһƷѣ乹ȴȫͬҳĬţ˿ȫעزͶӰСȻֵǰ
磬ͷ­ҡ˵
֪ҪʲôͷǽСҽ֮һУʹһöͷ­˽֮ƪСǺɡһţǽͷ­̽ȥ漴ɡеһ˿ϢԴ֮漴ͷ­ͺ񱻵һΣȻһ˿΢
ֻΪ΢ǽ֮ƪҶֱӸо
Ȼʱ򣬽֮ƪеĽȻζԺɡ˵⡣
ɫ䣬ʱɡյһҳհ׵ƪ֮Сн֮ȶ֮Ż˿
ȷ㹻侲ûçײĽͷ­ԵľЩؿˣϣǵ㹻ǿ˫ٴһӣʱͼͱ仯
Ƿĵع֮УյĿռĸȻֱ
ʱ򣬻ǷɢУһźѽҵڣľȻֱɢڷС
ʱɴ룬ʣµһЩϢȻٴα˸
ЩڷУ˾Ȼٿأֱӽĸ뵽һСȻԻ֮ͷ­սӡͷ­
Ҳ˵ǧͺԸղŽζĳŵģĸͷ­


645 Ū
ĸͷ­֮ģǧΪǼٵģȻԥľͳȥúһԣǺʳ꣬ڻ֮п˺ԿĸḶֱ̼́Ѫޱȡ
ǧʱڷ˵ʮ֣ƿЦڷŭƵá
Ǻ̳⣬̳ô༫ƷĵرʱѾֱٴγֻƺɺСǣ֮ǰһγɼΪ󡣴ʱǧĶ˯ʱȴоǧڲϲʱͷͷ
ҿǧȴǲʣɽʱңɵĳȥĸĲлꡣǸʱûֱ֣ᵽ˼㡣
û뵽ǣǧȻĸС
Ҹ뿪ڰοǧȻ뵽ղŰοʱѾԼƽȥˣڵĻòҪڵĺá
ǧŮˣǲҪóƶ
ãܺãһΪȫˣû뵽Ȼûɾʦ㽫ҵڣҳΪһɣҰٹ֤ʱҲĴڼ֤ǧ˵ţ۽ǾȻһᡣ
ҶʱһǧȻƢŹ֣ǸŮ˰
˿ĽζƺͶЩûио֮ʱŪĶѡڵǧֻ±ǿ״̬µֻʮ֮һ
ԭնҲεʱȻһ͵䵽ն
ܺãҵĹ¶ܸˣôھͿĶˡ˺Ȼһתǻ֮УԻȻǰ
ԻɱֵĿܣǴʱʵģɱˡ
֮仭еԻȻһƬƺϳǿʱȻ֮һֻڵצӴһ͸ţͬʱץһöࡣ
顣
౻ץ֮󣬶ʱצﱻ󱬣ȻԻȻֱ
⣬⡭СпһĻԻҲͬĴ㵣Ͳ֪
һְʾڰʾʲôҿǻ棬ԺбһֻƬצӻ֮ȥֱڹҡ
ʾδ㾹Ȼôͨδ֮˼ǿʢʱûмܰ쵽ޣ㵽˭οڵģȴǸ磬äŮ
ŮʮأũǸʱˡȻûпңܸоǿҵļɵ֮⣬ƺʮּɵ
ֻǶеũʮּɵƵáʮɳƣз๾ͺ˵⻰ʱоȻˮŮ˵ȷǸضѨеŮӣտʼܼɬȴǼ˳
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ȻնҲεʱӽ翪ܿĳЩ档
ڸղŵʱҾ͸оĳΣգݹȥʱֻܿһƬɫǺɫ֮һâȴڸš
ط档
֪طѾӵлҲΪʲôѡʱǵԭ
ǻڷ磬طضлꡣڲĶ֣ȻҪס
˵ʮǿ󣬱ط˵һ·硣ںҪϷ㲻òطҡ
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УֻǸС߶ѿѪ档ǿͺãǧҪŶΪҲûа취ıһεӣ۾Ϸʡ
ԻΪĬɫʮֲÿ
Իֿźˣͷһ˿ɫĹâ˸Ա֮ٴ۵ЩãƺڴʱʲôȻʹӲ
ǽȹ̵ʹʤ
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ǻͱס漴һɫ龹Ȼֱѡ
עһ£ÿһֵʱǶӦλõĽͻһ¡ȻͶâҲ˵ÿһжǶǵһִֻҪƻͲܽеܸ¶äŮԽ˵Խ˳Ȼһѹ
СеˣǺŮ˾һġ˵Ķ԰ɣˣޡ
äŮӦĽ˫ҹֱӴ飬ʱ֮ǲѡʱСйâ䣬ȻֱӻΪ⣬̵ֱӦĽ˫СʱǻӰֱˣûüֹ
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˸Ǵ쳣û뵽äŮȻֱӿļıäŮȷʵȻ
äŮʵû۾ģûӾϵͳеһжͲϵİɫäߣäܲĶ˵۾ΪãӾֱӸоΧһС
һǿɣ޹ЦäŮʾ͡
漴˽һӣʹÿʣµ漴ҾͿ˻֮еһС
⡭


646 ʽʼ
Ȼڽ˵֮ǰͿʼƾ֣ȴ֣ǿǰһмıûʲôá
ˣҪŪˣŪ綼ûа취˺ܶȥӴϵĽռ֮жָƣ֮ײ˶β֮ŷ
Ǹ磬Һǧ඼ڰмԺ˷˹
Ҫ취ⶫȴҪ֪ĸôġȫĳʱȴ޷Լһٴαߡ뵽ζ˳ԵģҾȻް취
˾һ޴ɽ壬ǰסҵκι
յǰʱҺȻĬ
֮Уնҵǡ콵֣ƽȶȹ֮Ļ־Ȼ俪ȥȻ󵽴ѡ˵Ŀܶһƣʱʹǻꡣ
ǻӰͿ̿ͼ˹˲ڡ
ǣһСĻǣȻ䵽֮С
治ͨĻ棬ǼŽٻ𣬾ȻûϨ𣬿ǧľ룬䵽һϿա
ⷿһŮŵӣĬĬĶŵӷ
гɻ󣬳˼ζҵĸĸľȥǣľǿҽӡ
Ǿʱ֮һСĻֱ䴩ǽڣȻ䴩ǵ塣
䡣
˵ֱӱȼգǵҲҪʱ֮гһ֡漴ֽ˵Դס漴ջһռѷ֮С
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ڣѾҳԵʣ֪ѾȥҪĻҪһЩֻͨˣҪҵļʣ͸Сˡ
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ޣŪģһҪŪһ죬ڽһСʹԼΪʲôȥ˾Ϊʲôȥ
ȴûȤҵθжʱѹгȥƷŻ³
ǵϵŰûӣͷϵ۱ֱ˺ˡϧһֱͲҷС
ҽʱȻ֮ĽѣҸĸȥˡ
֮ıӦôҵϣǽѰ
ĻڣǲǺܾʰҲʽһ֣ʽ֮ǴŶӦ֪˵ҪõʲôҲʵʱ̰˵
ӳʼǾܵ˼Ĵ̶ʱ֮ھͱŪڹ֮С
Ҫ˵ϻˣھͿʼɣȲ˵ҶЩıûʲôȤҪľԸָľͽȥɡȻ¿ûʲô£ôô꣬мֵġ
˵ţվ͵Ʊŷ
Ʊ𷽲ŻҪ֣еʺѪ˿Ҳɵ࿴ˡԶ˴ת棬ѾһɫİӣڰϣѾĶɫԡ
Ű˵Ķսû֪дʲô˭˭ս
һܣ˵жŷŭǵ֮оֱӲѺֺۣ󲢲Ҫġ
ЩѺۣǧ
ҲãôҾͽһսյսˣһҪ˴˼͡Ȼĺ˭Ҳе𰡣Ц漴ǰĺɫÿ
ʱҾɵˣֱûκδϢ֮
ɫĳ澹Ȼҵ֣Ҳû뵽ҾȻֱӾǺɫ
˿ңҲЩ졣
ĳ˴ҵ֮ܺáôҪڶ֣ҲҪԾˣûʲôҪ˵ģЦ۾йâ䡣
ģûôɺϵ飬ڰвݡ
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651 
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֪ҵѾĳԤ֪վûѡʱҳ֡ĵ췣֮ҲڻƺҪͻǵ˿ߵ췣֮۴ߣֻ»¶
ǰһлᡣֱϹâϵţ漴ĬĬߵԻԣʱԻû˵ǳĿҡ
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ӵöĵĻֱܷɽ󺣡ٴζµĻﻹҪôıһȥס
һʹԼûκεйܸо֮ԽԽǿᣬľȻܲʱܡ
ҾȻʱʼɵİأԸ⣬ȻʱͻƵɵľ磬ɾɡҵͷͶ䵽֮УʱͿ֮ʮ̵ͺһ޴ضס
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ȻͨԼҲ򲻿֮ҲͳһЦ
ţҾͿ֮ϣʮ׶ϵı仯ţһ֣һʧ
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ҵԼԼƳһ˿ߣһƺ֮漴ҵת˴ת֮£ʣµɫ֮Уǻ¶˲
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ǲǸо˷֮еζԻסһʱ޷԰ˣ˺ٺЦҵʵ
ҽеͨ𣬶ʱв¶һ˿
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жʱͳĬǶĻӦ׵ľͿԻʤʱͿֱӽң߽ҲУĻͿɵĻʤ
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653 
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Ǹȴ˿·ûʲô״ֻɫѿԭɷγɵȻЩ֪ǲΪӰ죬顣
Сط溦Եʦʹɹ飬ǰֻõöָĽطıƻǶ㣬㲻ҪʱֹΣ̾Ϣ˵
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СѾֹͣͬĿСҪֻһѣֵĴڡ
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һԣص֮ǰվλãȻϢǹϵĸӽܡ֪Ƿɽķ綼ơЩĿ֮£γ΢磬ǿ磬쫷磬Ǳ磬ʹ֮е·𶼱ֱи
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˳ȥȻǧѾվĶ档ղǧģʱ·磬űҪֵĶҲвòսɣҲҪӮɡ
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ȻԣǧȴЦˡ
С¿˵Ӯ˵ĻαԼ֡Ҳɲ֣㿴ʲôʵĲࡣ˵
˻棿仰ֱϲǧ֣϶Ƕְ
ģȻǸ޳Ůˣ仰ġǧЦ
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654 
ʱĺ֮ǰָֻͷôϸСĳӲͬȻһϣϣղųԵơȴ֮׶񣬾ͺֻ֮Ϊ˻ġ
ǧ԰ٹ֤ȡȥû뵽ȻССһҪ֪ػʵ֮Уǧûһܳġ
ȴǧ쵽ˣŮ˵ǲ˼顣
ԼҲΪǺ˲Žսʽɡֻǲ֪ҪԸָĿʲôѵǸĸ
ȻϢղеơû뵽㾹ȻһѪĺᣬ˲ãԳ֣äŮϵä߾ЩˣȻζäŮԴȻǧ޵
ǵģղһʵǺֶģģȻ֮дһֻûֻһ˿ƣû
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ʱҶѾ֪˵ʱ򣬺˫һУװ֪ӡ
档ʽ֮вû˵ԼԾףӦñʧȥʸ񣡡ʱȦˣͬǱӺġ
˵꣬ȴԼסˣʱŸоԼȻô¡
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漴ǧǽǷһٴγһεķġ
üͷһ漴˫۱Ҳͬʱת֪š
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νɴܣ꣬
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655 ѩµķ
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ʱҾ͸İܵӪغֿ⣬зض֡ƽʱӦõĳһżῪسȥɹһȴ϶ûù
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ʱѩѾ쳹أЩģˣİ೤ˣ
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656 
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漴۵һӱǴѩ֮г˳ȻѩķΧԸոպñѩٶȿһ˿˿ٶȳֱ̳ǧһ
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ϰ೤лǣһҵʬ塣İ೤һ˲;ߡ
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ˣ֮ǿᣬ˺ѿռ䣬㲻±ռ֮ںڰռ֮Ư𣿡äŮʱ뿪Իߣмä߱ռħӰһ뱻ֱи
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ȻʱԻϵħȴǵصӿ漴һ޴ĺɫӤӰӴӺӿ
ǸӤ˫гаĹâޱȣȻöɫƬγɵġֻһ֣ǽħӰֱ̳ȥ漴ſڿУɵֱһӣȻä߸ץסαղŵħӰҪǿ
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äŮʱγһ壬Ի͸о˲ԣΪʲôûı䡣
ŶȻˣħ磡Ի˫һڣڿаڳһ֣Ȼв𵴣ϲŤԲʮĿӾȻڲ
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ħ²ҽһʱ֮ǰʶǸ棬Ŀѡ

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ǧѡʱȨȻһ죬漴ӡԶ˳Ȼһ˺۶ûСϸһȴһֻɫĹƳ澹ȻŲҽŻΪɻңȻĸ˳
ǧŮˣһʼûнĸϣֱ赽㡣
ҵȴǲһźɫ
ԻֽǷһУֱֱһƴӣ漴һ
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ȻʱҵıӺȻһ漴ӣǸоʲôҽָеĶõǰһȴɫһ䣬⾹Ȼһë
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⻰̧߲ط棬طȴһ㶼˲ɫ任
ڣһǶԵġ
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˲Ǵ漴ȭͷ漴ݺݻȥʱˣһռڶȭͷ·ϻȥֱӽ콫ԴȭӵγһĿռڶ

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֮άռ֮иԳһǧŸ콫и飬ЩɱҲЩж顣漴ΪһĩѪ⣬ֱ֮ϡ
һۣǧ
ʮ콫һ۶ֵסֱָֻƽ
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һӰи֣ɽϵһУɽһС
ڣվ߳һҲףҹ⽫ռ䣬֪һӦҡôˡС߶ȸȻſһ
漴ǿһһŰɫ۵˳֮в˷֮Ķͷϣһɺǡ

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ʱ򣬲ط棬㻹֣ڵȴʲôȻ䣬ǧĺҧһڣ漴㱻ȻǧѾȻ˰ٵƳ档

ٹƷɳγһ޴ĳ֮ѨǧǿѪ漴߳һ»壬ǲط档Ȼֱӽ壬֮֮߳Ѩ棬üһɽĴػ
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طҪӿ룬ʱĻǱѪնţֹͣ


676 رس
漴Ųط꿪ʼɢڿʼɢһֱӱĨɱڵĨɱ
Σյɱңû뵽㡣ŵ꣬һķڷ㣬ͷβҲطҵĴУʱȴû˶ʾͬ飬ȻɫȻˣЦ
ҾҪˣһԶҲȲˣǾСѾĲл飬޷ԭˣǸԭҲһֲˡڲлں޶ȹɣ
طʧˣĴʧҲڡ
ͷ­ʧаζӣ֪ʲôԼ顣
پΣֻɻʼʿǰ߹ĺԣ̾Ϣһ漴ϡ
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677 룬
Ŀ磬µİв֪θ룬Цʼʳ
˫֮д֮սأԪΪ֮ʼʡ֮ʼΪԪ֮ʣ
ʼʸе֮쳹֡
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֮һҳǼ䣬ƪ᳹ɣн֮һҳ֮ƪ³֮͡Ȼǣʱ֮޳ɳ
ʱ֮İıҷ֣漴ն鲼ҵ
𣡡һһ𣬶ʱɽ±Ұθߣѩ䡣漴ٽһӣԭѺɵǴѣƽ֮з˳
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֮ڣĺ޾ۼսս١ʱʦƴѪ߲ϣ촽΢΢
룬ԡ


678 ˼佣ն
꣡
꣡
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ҵ쳹֮䣬һѾн۵ĴţȻѣ漴Ŀ֮ķѡ漴ţֱӻΪɻң漴ϱһ۳ڿСĻ֮仺ſһ̨̨ĻΪ

ǿҵǴӿȳҿŸҪֺꡣ漴߿֮ϺȻ˲硣оŲ㣬ÿһ㶼콫
ǰ콫ԴﵽɵС
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漴۾ʱ뷢԰ס
⣬ͬɫ⣬ҫ


679 ﻯ
ʦ뷢԰ףԭѾܲһ̣ҺȻ͸оȻ޵ȼա֮ѾԼȼȫͺĳȻֱӽȼյΪľǽһó
⣬ƺ˴߻Ȼٴαǣγһ
ֻһ־ƹͥʹͥū˼䡣˼ҲҪ˱ᡣ
㾹ȻﵽֵزȻȼʱ˳ٶƸߣ֮ںϵ־ɣ֮䣬ǽ콫־ƣ漴ǵеһ
ʮ콫ʱΪһľżܣǵֱӱ˹
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ʱʮΪСʥСʥֱΪʥʮʥֱӽΪɵĴڡ֪ɽԵʣʦѹƣʱЩʱʹʮ֮ˣʦնɱֱͨϾ졣
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ȸ˵漴߶ȼУ漴죬꾹ȻһʱΪƣһЩԵ죬ĸ㶼ǸյȴЩ߹ǲرڡ
ҶʱĬȷ֮ͥɣڸû
ռ䣬ɨȥȻҲؽࡣǴ֮У˼ô󰡡ѹֿȸһ㶼ԭҲѾǡ
ѹҪյؽΪľǲΪֹ쾹ȻһЩǿɶ̳ˡѹֲýٹԽԽΪԭ
ҲΪʲôڳն֮Ȼ޷½ԭ½磬Ҫ

Ҫ죬Ҫһ粻
٣ȥ
֮⣬޲TԽԽٶȣԽؽȫ֮ǰʱ⻼޷ֵ
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ʦۣǵʱɽ֮ʱҽ׷ɱǸʿնҲննҡ
ǣ½ɣ
ڣɽȻΪס˹ȥʱͿ֮еĹ漴ҵټʱҾˣ˭

ˣɽʦŵͽ
ŵһͽһź⡣ʴϻۣŵնʧ֮ɣźΨкһֱչ
Ǻ˾ʧˣֱĳһʱ»صɽ͵Ǳš
ŵļ
ҺȻ֣ŵȻѾˣ޴ڡ
ļ֮пɷѪʬɱ¾֮ǱƣֱӽĦȹ֮նɱҲơʱ磬ȻΪ½ɣ콫ʱʮ콫վƽ֡
©֮㣬ôû챩ףʱȻ޷
ꡣ
ƵۺȻһ٣漴ʱƣʦĽۡ
Ȼ֮úʣͺơ
Ŷ¹âȻ˼Ĺ£ԼҲΪʲôѡһ۵ԭˣԭʦʮɳƣ漴֮нâ
۴žʮǧٽѣղųΪۣ书ܵ˼İ
ЩγǣסʦĽ
ơЦʮ콫ٴηӭȥʱٴ裬أ֮ʬѻһһ㣬ֱơ
Σ֮սûᡣһΣΪȷ棬նĲնɱǰɡʱɽٴδһ޴ʱһӰɽϴž
Ǵ
ֻ֮дŹֱɱ֮ͥ䣬һֱ콫ֱ֮ɽŹζ֮
ڿʼжˣȻ֮侲ֹͣ˶
ʦָڴ̵۵Ķͷϡ
ꡣ
۵Ķͷһ漴ʦȴͣס
ϸһȻΪһʯ
ﻯ


680 Σ㿴ʲô
ʦ壬ˣ
ʦһնɱʮ콫Сնɱһǳ񽫣վȻֱߣﻯһ죬ϡֱ֮ǰһ
˼Ľ
ڣ
ء
֮ϲ˼ıһѾʧܡյ֮Ѫʱ׹䳾֮ͺΪ¶ޡ˵ѪҺڵϣȻʹõޣ·̡
˼仹ûаܣΪ˼仹ǣ
ϧڣ˼Ͱ̫ѾһԪˡϧˣǿϧˡսٳһЩӣͺˡȸرޣϧ֮顣
ҳĬǰҪսһЩͺˡ
һЩĻֻô˳
ʦˣȴԶУؼе鶼Զס֡һ죬Բ˼˼佣һס졣׳٣Ĵ档
ҿ
󣬲棿㾹ȻۣԭһȻǴڴѾɱ˰ɣ˵ֱۣǻȻҲĻĵܵ
ȻʱȴȻתͷЦӻûҸͬһսˣٷ
תͷʱ򣬺Ȼ֮ǰһ޴ֱۣȻһҷ˳ȥ
漴һ޴վֳ־޴˫ʮ׸ߡ
񣡡ʱұϳ
֮Ȼһ飬ǴʱȴǶԶӲѹơ
ֻ۵Ϸ۶ͷϵĶѨȻһһȻۣγһ顣ȱģǾ
ʱľƺû־ǱסģЩԭ콫ٴλָ
漴ʮ콫ǿʼԵؽ˲ѹƣʱǽڽڰˡ
棬Ȼĸˡ
ˣɫ죬ſסиŽɡúһֻȻǴаŵĴֻҪ˴ڣûš
ڣȴÿհףһ仰˵ֱӶ
ʱסˡ
Ȼʦ˵ûɣɡĴѾ־Ͷ˼䣬־ɢ˼Ѱҳѡʦ֮ɣȫʬ㻹ûҡħĽĴ˲ôЦ漴֮ϲǿ

֮־޶޶вһҩ֮漴ڡʱ˸ı䣬ȻֱӵֵסĴ
ŶȻõ洫
ʴϻۣţȴһɽ磬ջǱԽ
ֻûжϲãϷ˱ˡ
Σ㿴ʲôȸסң漴ָһʵ
ս𣡡ҵ
۵һɣʼˣʱȻǲҰ׵۾˱ˮ
ƺһΣǵڵֿš
ֵ
Щɱֱơ챻ʦͱһѾǷӣ־˷Ǵ֮һȵ־ձʱ򣬾֮ʱˡ
Ǹʱ򣬿ȸ֣кܶҲ֡
Ҹоõ
ϧʱ򡣡
ȸ΢΢ţ˵㿴ŰɣҪŹκһϸڣֻңܽһ١޷ĻôⳡѾĶȲȥˡ
һһ𣬿ʲô
˺һߵĿӣʱʮ콫һǿĽ£Ȼֱӽ˼䡣ĶͷҲһֻۣ۹𣬴ݡ
Ȼǽٵĵطһͬ۾ĳǳأǳУһǿ־
һţ񣬶ֽϻ
¡¡
һΰ־𣬽ʮ콫ֱƷڰлΪ壬ΨʣĿ񽫶ļʱȻûֱձ𶯣ѿٴǼ䣬ͨÿޱȡ
ڿеĲǵоҲãѾҲգֱӱ
˯֮УһξξһˡȻͨˣ־ѾԽ֮䣬Һ񿴵ñʲôҪţߣɱֽϻ֮־󡣡
ȸһУڶݣΰ֮಻Ը¡û뵽ʣµ־ֱܹͨأ޲𹥻
ǰΰ˵ֻ͹ңĶΪ塣
Ҳ̫ǿ˰ɣֻһ־˼˼
ĵۣ㻹֡ȸ˵
ǿ־ѹ£ػһ˫ڵֵ־ȸȴǶŷᶼǵķ򣬿˵
ɱޣˣ
ΰ־ɢʱۺ˼䣬˼ظͨٿ񹬺Ȼ½ϷйɭɭվڹϷ
ȴСĴڵĹۣչ˫ۿա
ǰظս·ʮͬǹ¡Ϊҫ۵ľƲףֳ̤꣬һȣ˿ģͷ巽𷨹ڡزֺޱȡƴվСĵԣϴһɫۣޱȡ
ڹ֮Уʮɣƴֱͥս֮С
޻ָԭֱһԾйǹֱĿ񽫡
ԭĿڶأ˶ʱ͵һΪȥչἱ׷
Σ㿴ʲôȸȻңЩٵʵ
ҿһУȻһ𰸺֮
ҡ


681 
˼䣬硣ǶˣȻҪΰ־𡣹һССҲ־ءϧΪֹҽͨٴţڰҰЦ۵Ѿ³
ΰ˵־ʧٴλָյѺȴȫʧ
һ֮֮磬ʲô죬ܾѶС
񹬷ԾҶʱܸо̺֮ŵظСڳƵۣõظĳϡʱСĴһ
Ź񹬿£ʼ־Ҳڲ
ʲô㾹Ȼںϵؽ磬ϧ綼ҵģһںϡȻЩ㶣漴ȴЦЦˡ
ΪԼȻܵ˾޴谭ںϱʮѡ
ǲǷ־Ȼ޷ںϣǵȻˣΰ֮־ѷ˺͵ؽȫںϡȻں磬͵ں磬ؽ磬ΰ־ƾһҪķӣʲôںϣСĹЦ漴ҡ
Σʮ޼ƴɣСĶҺ
ʱҳڿȸҵǸУһҪ˵ʼ˵ڡСһңұǴӳ˼֮ѹ漴һ

ʮ޼ӹ֮ƪԾγһ޵תֽ硣ֻصǵ֮еֻϵͳֻֻϵͳ»ص˹֮Уظǵظ
ʮ޼аħƴɻ޴飬ʮ޼γɵľ޴ץס漴ȼգջΪһ׶Ĺࡣ
ֻأ
޴ֱֻ֮죬콫ѹ
ֻأֻأǾȻҵֻأͲҪҲˣǵıȣҼȻں磬ֻĻˣһ漴ɫ
漴ſһ£ʱӰԾ
ӰֱӽֻظסʹؼΪ֮һ٣漴û۵Դʱ۵ȫָ漴һը
䣡
ջأһȫµվڱϣȫµ죬ڽ۵ȫ顣漴һ漴֮бֱӲС
ৣ
ʣµļʮ콫޷ıǱڣ漴ʼͣñȾ񻹴ּαӣֱޱȡ
˲飬е˶ȥ
屻ȥʱкȻ֮ˮţԴֻ΢΢ת
Ȼһ
ǡ
ĿյңɱʱսᡣʱȫĻ
ţ뷴һعɣһٴһ֮ȫڡ
ʱһľˣһָͷͿһɽ΢΢һܽռ˺ѡ
ȻܱգôҾͽհɡЦٴһ
ʱռѣȻһƬһƬĽڡ
վĵطҲڲţӿܿҪΪĸʳʱѾд󲿷ֶȥ
Σʱ䲻ˣ㵽׿ûСȸģʥڿвƮ
ҧ촽Ҫҿʲô
н;ʱ򣬴صļ֮غȻ֮䴫һ
졣Ա죬ʲôأһľګ漴ž컺ֹͣ룬漴Һʵϡ
ȴһľګ꣬һ۵Ů˳

ڳϣһö޴ֻǲƵģѳ˾ʮſ飬лûҵ죬£йע
Źע㻺ʼճϣȵ춼ȥ֮Ѿȫá
һտǣĳΪ˹¼ҹˡԶжȴǺη壬ǿų
ǣ㾹Ȼţû뵽;ŮţҲҵû˾Ρڵ޷ȫҲҵĶ֡쿴ųЦЦγһһͿռѷ졣
Щ΢Ķһֱǳȴǲ
֮ǿǡ첻һ־ѣػ硣ֻ־޲Tս˱죬ʹҰģȻѱ䡣İ֮Ůľ²ŵ˵ؽ磬תŴΣΪ˽ľҵ
죬֮ͽ
Ǿͣ԰ɡˣȻ˵¶ɢâ˵궼͸
׼Լȫȼգ漴Ǿ֮йעȥ֮һֻʬҲǵһֻʬڿУʬʬ壬Ϊ
֮䣬ֻһˣֻһˡ
Ϊ׳
ԶҲ룬ѾߵͷԸһ𣬼֤ʱ١ȻҲ˵漴˻ΪһѪӿ˾֮С
ꡣ
ӿ룬ֱγɺŴ
ʱͿһԲ·ǧߵľ޴ӡγɣоŲ㡣ײ֪̻ʲô֣ƺƵֱ֮е졣
ŵ꣬˵飬ˡΣ۾Ҫգһ¡ŵ꽫еһжѹϣ㲻ҪʧҪ˼ʧţͺһƵ졣
¡¡¡¡
ֵסȴǲϺˣ޴
һѹϣҪҿţ˵ʱʱֱ


682 ռһս
һʼǾ˵ŵ꣬ϧѾˣ˰Цֱ۶ֱӱãϺˣʱն顣
ʱ֮УһʱճڴţҲ롣
¡
ֱӱıϣǱѾΰ־Ȼֱӱѹ档ȻԾ֮죬еҲѸĥ
ǣȥʱӦó׵ĹȥҲʱĴߣҲΨһɡЦ˫ٴγͣ漴һʣʱ½ʳյƬ𣬱ʱճӸսȥ
ֻʣһ˿ۿžҪ
գƴȴǺȻеתһתһ֮½лսȥ
ǽпֻصġ
ʱյĹȥǴڵӡȴҲμȸվֱ֮гȻ
ӣҲûң֮лɡ̧ơ
ͣ˵վ˵ϣ㳤ʮǧһڷ綼ҪɣƾƣֱصĺХûˡ
֮ѵ˼䣬ҰͿ̿
һĻȸվǴʱǶ˵һС
ǻһ̣ؼһ̡֮Ѿûܵס죬ûκȡ
𣬳ڡʱֺ֮һ޴֡
漴һ޴ķ֮䣬оߡţ޾ķžģÿһ𶼿мһ
ϡ
Ħ
չ¶ЦݣʱڲſȻǸ磡Ħʱһ˿ͷתɣΪ˾ǧӡʱĻָ˷棬˷е
һĳڣ
Σͬ·Ҳһӣʱ֮γɾ޴ն˺ѿ
죬ѳħԷ磬ϴ濪ԣͬԣ֮佫ն飬澹ȻȼֱӰ
ꡣꡣ
ͬʱȼգʱΡ
عɫ磬ҲǷ磬Ϊľֹ֮졣յʱվ
磬Ҷʱҽһȥȴһ˿綼ץʱ˫֮жʱ۲쵽Ͷʱճ֮С
㿴ûΣңȸȴסңʵ
ʲôʲô
ûйϵ𣿡ҺȻ˵ʱȫʹұһ粻Ͳ
ҺȻ֮俴֮ϣǱϾȻһӣڸղŵıըб˺ѡ
ȱ֮⣬һ޴ĻԳԽٶֱ
޲Tʬ壬Ѿܸоˣ֮γһ޴ĺڶһж𣬼ֱѵļ塣
Ԥϵһ죬޲Tսʱº֣ÿʮͻ޲T֮мϵ챾֮־أ޲T֮塣ڣǾʹʤʱճԶʧɣЦ
Ǻ¡¡춯֮ҪûֵܵһᱻҴ顣
ûҲ
ȸҵӣʱʧҡҡͷվ
ջûпŵյʧˣƣûа취ֵˡҾͿ֮ʲôزɣȸվ漴ҡһ䣬γһͨ쳹صı࣬ȸ
ʿȸޱȣ֮޲Tһӱǽơ
磬㣬һῴġСĺȻЦ𶯣ҲǻΪһ񹬻Ϊ硣
Σɣȥƴվ࣬һۡ
ΣһһսֻԶҲˣۺȻ֮е漴Ŵϲһ޴ʯͷˣӵվ
Ǵص˼
һʱ䣬磬ؽ磬˽磬֮ۼȻӭ޲T
¡¡
޲Tײһ쳹硣ƬֱӻһʱճӲ֮һ궼ֱӳı϶ʱʼѡ
ѣ߳һʮħ
޲TҲ죡
ƾ磬ôħ֮ħֻҪָǾҪˣЦѹ˹
꣬ꡣ
ϳ֣һ֩ƵѺڲʱҪ顣
Сģƴɣ۵Ҳ飬ֻпȸɫⲻϵתʹȻǿܹס
ǿȸ״ܵ޴ѹ״վ
Σ쿴ɣеġ
Σ㣡
硭
ǵҵ֮꣬в˾޴𶯣ʲôʱңʱİȻתͷ
Σʥһֱ㣬ȴ̫ʧˣѵҪô˵һ綼Уʱ𣿡Ȼ֮˵
ǰ磬¾磬ʼʣСģȸۡ
Ƕϣϣеһжҡ
ǣҾȻ
Ŀ𣿡ʱкȻһҶʱһ漴һı۾ֱӳȥʧΪͨˡ
˵߿գȥضǣ


683 β㣨֣
ָΣֻпԼˡҲܷȸ˵ζƻҲʱ˵תۡ
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֮ϵõĲ䣬ѵٶȼʱħȴħ۱䶯ֱۺݺ˱ϣʱƬѡ
ʱ䣬֮еˮ飬ʱңѽ١
Ҳʱɣ࣬е֮⣬һȼȻСһȴγһӿ뵽֮С
ǣ޴ħ쾪ˣ漴ȴһצ
ꡣ
˽ڵֵסѺۣʧ漴ؽҲѣƬƬ
ʱʶĺڰ֮Уһ˵
Σ㣬Ӧǿ˵ġǸˣҲ֪˭
ʲôʵ
˵أĸڣ漴еһжԺг֣Щÿһҵʮԡ
Ŷ˵
ǿڿţħ졣еĿ־˵־־־һ̣ڿ֮䶼ڿš
еڿڣ˶ڿ
ϣһöСݴӷ϶֮Ҳڿš
еڻۣҸоһ
𣿡Ǹ˵
šˣҴ
漴صһ룬۾žһڿռ֮ʧ
֮еؽ˽ıѾ飬ر˺ѣʱղϸ˺öޱȣֻʣ˼ٵĴڣյıҲǱáȸӢϳŭĨĨǡ
ȿסѣڴϡ
ϧϧ۽¶ص̾Ϣ
ɣӣħе漴һצֱץ˹
ľҪô
磬죬δ̫߿Լˡ˵뷨̫ˡʱһӿ
ž
ҵƴ֮ϣ漴Ļֱ
ޱϣ
㣡¶ȵɫҡ
ʱң¶ǻ۵Ĺâһʱĳţһ˵Ϣ·ضҪΪ۷·¶˹â
Σڿˣȸϲ
ˣҵͷ
㾹Ȼʱճӣˣܣ㲻ܵġĲθͲ㡭ʧɫʱճӵһ֪ˡ
ߣһӣҪ롣
ߣߣ΢΢һЦ漴ȥһָʱһֱʳʱյĺʱĺܵҲס

ħ۾ұǻ󡣲ԣڲС֮һ֮䣬ȻֱӻΪһӴСС
Ϣ֮䣬֮־Ǳ飬ֻ޲T
Ϳ̿Զ㣬أ漴ҽһӺȻըγһ޴ڴϡ漴ҵȻΪɻңҲֱ뵽˴ϡҵ꣬ʱҲʵʡ
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ʱֹͣ˳ֱŵŰپʮγһ޴ķδء漴ٽһӣγһ޴ԲĻ
Բط
漴ҽһʱյʵУȻʹú
ʱյ
ˣȸ˵
ˡҵ
Ԫһֻؿ

ʱ죬ٷϴˡûһսؼȴ֮佨һʥǴ֮еɫȸ
Ϊȸ
ȸֿʼ˯ֻβˣ׷Ѱ
ͥ͵ظٴǧ󣬱ҪٴɣСĺͻƴڵȴš춼ˣǲ֪ΪʲôıȻʱ֮ٶȳ֣ĶĳСϣʦʯԶš
ţн֮ȡȱһҳ
һҳҸ˴ǹγᣬһҳһγʥּ棬ӵ
ˡ
ΣС˹ͷңûκθ顣
ղҽн֮оȳͬط˵Ѿʶҡ
ǡӣȻ
ллңҸоƺĵҪڴϴҵĴˣټС˸漴Ϊһâֱ䵽˿ȸ֮С
մȾʱɡ
ҲãҲδˣ૵
漴ҽн֮΢΢һ𣬻Ϊķɻңڿ
ɽв˳ɧꡣʱǵʱ˵
漴ڿһ̡

ҵǰһʱյĺʱ֮ӡ֪δʹ֪ʱʳȥں֮У˸ţÿһ˲䡺ɳ
ȡһɡ漴һ̽
漴һɫɫ꣬һϢʮϢ
΢΢һŵꡣ
û뵽Ǳ꣬˼ȴĶŵꡣҲҲգȻǶ㣬Ҿͻһŵ꣡ʱգݣҿһĻԺ뵽˺ܶࡣȴճЦһеͶʱճӣͺع顣
¡¡
һĳϣһ͸Ļǣβ֮Сʱһ˹ɫ㡣
Ӵˣβ䣬ǧ֮Եټɣ΢΢һЦԼеĴڣ漴ŵĲл꣬һ䵽Զһ˼ҡ
ʱ콵ϼ㣬Ժ
۰۰
ѽϲԱϲԱ⣬һӡ

ǧ̫ϡ
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