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Ҳˣһо춼̨̨кܶĴǶУŪЩıԼˣеʬͿԼ촽ϣ˵ԼͱúҾ͸˵˵ЩСŹǡ


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1 
Ҳˣһо춼̨̨кܶĴǶУŪЩıԼˣеʬͿԼ촽ϣ˵ԼͱúҾ͸˵˵ЩСŹǡ
ȣΪ鷳˵ֻϴ棬Ҳȥ²˭˭
ǵһǾŰ꣬ʮ꣬ʦһѺȻһͻ˵۵һλŮǣŮʦ˵ҪСıһԼˡ
ʦѽܵģƴǣʦӦ
ȵǸŮʱҼֱˣ˵ʱʮ꣬ǻǱŮ˵Ūֱۡ
Ů˳һ壬һ˫۾ʦ˵ĺ꾫һֱܰ˵Ļߡ
ʱС֪Ů˭֪Cһǣμӹ۽ѡĹüƬŮ˻½˲ٹ£Һ̨һHһֱ壬ʱ˲Сĺ䶯
ǶǺ飬ʱŮҵʦʱ㲣һ˵ʦСҪֱӿһ
Сֶҿ϶Ҳ˵ڶǱߺУͨһЩˣһԼСʱ䣬Сһһĸı˵ˡ
ʦΪŮСû뵽Ů˶СһкϤ϶ȴһſھʦһֻʬ
ʬһСɲһһСõĶСλ꣬ʬõиһ㹻£ûн̥
С㣬ɷ󣬱һСĶܹ࣬ܿľ͸ı˵ˣС̫أȻܹʱƸˣǶ˵˺Ǿ޴ġ
ص˲Ҳ˵СͣҲ¡
ʦ붼û룬;ܾˣŮ˺ӵʦǰ˳ȥ
˵Ůȥ̩һֻʬʦ֪֮̾˵Ů˿϶ᱻԼС
Ȼ֮Ů˼ӰǺΪԽԽ죬ֱʱϺ¥ɱһŮ˾ˡ
ʦ˵һжǸʬŮǸģôУҲ
Ȼʦң֣صĶ˵ԺһҪס͵ĶһҪմջẦ˺
ҽȻҲǵִܹ֣ҶԸ˽ҡ
ʦȡģڲ֪ĸ˭ҸʦգʦڽеģҵĴ
˵ҿ϶ܺʦǸʲôģʵҲ֪ʦʲôˣֻ֪ıºܴкܶ˶ҹСЩլǨضЩкܶϵĴǣԺ˵ġ
Ȼʦ˺ܶ࣬ʦٳȥƵĶƵЩ˸ǮҲ٣ʦӦкܶǮҸûôСһֱסһƷ档
ʦڴϼģʦ˵ʱճ죬ҵʱҵĶͷһСȭͷһСĺɫ
ǸֲܿȥȻҲһСģĿ֫УܾΪֲҵĸĸžǸ̥Ҹˡ
ʦҼ֮ͰǸˣһĴָһСĹͷ׹һֱҵĲϡ
Ǹ׹ùͷ̵һСǺɫģѪһɫ
ʦ˵ĴָСһĸֵ̥ͬܣ̫̥ˣżĵϡ
ϢأʦŰһֻУҴϣ˵ܹңÿһѪ
ÿѪҶо˹еĵܵڳЦһҲ£úУǼԼһ
ʦǰҲУһʼĲôʦ˹֮ûͻˣ˺ܶ׸裬һֱ˽
бҪѼСĻǣҸʦɹ£Ǵϵ͵͵ȥ̫ƽ䣬ȥСʬȡȻʦС°ֻͣҪһС°Ͼͻγʬͣʱʦòƿʬ͸װ
ȻʦóһĴָСľʦ˵ľɽ濳ģأȻʦͻСĻľ棬ݵʬƿ棬һоˡֻ˵ѪȻÿԼѪιСʹ󹦸ɡ
ʦңСаΪЩȥĺӹǲظģûа취ǵĻСҲ˵ڶ˸ıƣǻ¡
˵ⲻаһ˻ǽܲˣÿε̫ƽ䣬Ǵȥ
һΪʲôܹ̫ƽ䣬Ϊ̫ƽͷʦ죬ͷϹһֻۣȳһȣʦҽÿȥţ磬ǳ
˵ϵ̫ƽʵگ}ĻţʦڣҶûк¹ֱһΡ
һǰһŲƿʦС°ͣҪʬ͡
ʱ̫ƽͻȻһ磬ǷͻȻ䣬һĺëʦ
ұŵòᣬ̫ƽֲ棬ķѽι֮Ҿ͸о˵ʲô
һĭŤͷ˼ۣ̫ƽһŰײͣʬܣûбĶֻһʦͣҡΣߺҼһķʼոоʲôԱߣҾǿ
ʱʦͻȻ̾һžһʹҵĺ档
һƴͦأֵûоۣԼʦôһ򣬺ʲôһˡ
ҸʦΪʲôңû뵽ʦȴȿˣҲСˣʱ㿪ˣղһѿٿⷿ䣬ʲôһĵط
۾ܹȥĹ꣬ǰʦ߹ңҲ˵ҿۣʦһֱ˵̫СܿΪЩҺ¡
û뵽ʦȻҿۣһ뵽ԼԺܿЩֽ꣬˷ܣŤͷȥ
Ȼ׼һŤͷĶŵҲһƨϡ
ӳȣȺܰףϸһŮ˵ģԭӦúڿȥȴҼһķ
ΪƤѾûаһںڵѪˮ˳ȵδδ䣬Ů˹ŵĽϡ
ŵøһղûˣһգ۵ĹҵĺվһŮˣŮҲԶ϶һֻ
͵̧ͷҿŮ˵ʱŵòûιȥֻŮ˵İˣǳ˳̥һ
һֻţһ¶ɭɭݣŮʣµһֻĶҡ
Ů˸ŵûĺëըҲ̲סˣҪվܣҸոһһֻ־סҵļһҲܶʦ֡
ʲôǸ˻ûظȥĹۣ꣬ԺֶᾭֻҪ㲻ǣҲẦġ
Ȼʦ˵ҰĲ٣һµҪͲһͷȥȡʬͣǳʱţߵͷĸǰʵ档
ͷ֪Ҫ˵ʲôһû˵꣬Ͱ˰֣˵Ůǽģĳͷʹˣûʲôúµġ
֪ͷԲ򵥣Ϊʦôʶ˿϶ҲǼֻǵʱôҲ֪ʦôԨԴ


2 ׹
ʦ˵иʦܡ
λʦLҲȦԼıĹܶཀྵʬӰݵǿĵʿڶL
ʦȥģʱʮ꣬˵Ϊ֢
һʦȥۣҼǵʦվʦʬǰĬ˺ܾãɫ࣬ĲµʦԲô򵥡
ʦȴʲôҲûж˵һֱʮꡣ
һҸո쵽֤ʦҲͣĵͷһοҵʱ;Щ֣ΪʦҵЩͷ
ȻʦҳȥȻԺʦͲˣҴԺҾҲûмʦ
Ҳʦֻܵ̾Ϣһһпʦдһš
пʦЩ׬ǮЩǮܶ࣬һҲ꣬ҲҪǮֻҪҵʦ
ҰʦŲ𿪣ʦ˵Ҫȥһ£ǰûȥΪСҪչˣҳˣʦҲˣҪȥǼ顣
ʦ˵ıѾѧĲˣԺƾ£Ҳҡ
Ҳ֪ʦҪȥʲôʦҶûǼ϶ʮΣգʦû˵ȥֻΪңǸʦ׽ˡ
һʼϸңҲͣ̾Ϣһ˵ࡣ
ʦ뿪Ϊʦ˵ʦΣ϶⣬ʦ˼ҿ϶ǲʲôʦȥҲ˵
ҷ侲ʵʦʲôģ
Ĭһᣬʣµһֻ۾ĶңĿ˵ʦǸʿǾǸҲֻ֪֪иֵʦܣʱ㻹иʦ֣ʦ־ʧҲ֪ȥ
Ҿסˣû뵽ҾȻһʦ֣ʦǴûи˵
ʱ̾Ϣһ˵㳤ˣЩǸ֪ˣʦѧʦһ³ȥһ߾ûϢһʦʦʧٿ϶ʲôϵ
ȻĻҲʦ¸Ǹûʦֵʧ϶Ҳ֪ܣʦûиңҾҲҲ
ʦߺĵ£һ˿ˡ
λ˿ҲΪŮԱͨϵʦԺķϣʱȻҲ˲ٵӵӰһֱ²ġ
һƯŮˣڵоFЩʱһܻĵӾݹѾߣ⼸겻ʱڵϿš
ʦڵʱԸ񣬿϶ܾŮˣҸոճʦرԼһΣ˵ˣŮ˷ǳϣһ־͸
Ǯҵ̫أΪʦ˲٣㹻һģҾԼʦѧı鲻飬ҴӦŮˡ
ȻŮ˺ƯҲСʱŮԱ׼Ǻܵȸ˿ࡣ
Ů˵ͣϿ¼⣬۾ǵ͵ԣ˼ʹϵԴӳŮ˵ۺΪ⵽˵У˼Ȱֺޡ
һοңŮԵЩʧΪǳʦͷģû뵽ңʱҲʮ꣬Ůʡ
ȻҼƯŮԱŮʵ̫Ưҿ۾ͲϸΪ̫ˣС¹һͣ
롭Ҫıƣõİ취С㡣Ҷŵ棬Ů˵

ŮԻҵı£Щҡ
ǿһŮ˻ҵı£ǺˣŮ˵ҸһСһƻûб仯˸Ǯ
ҵĻŮһ㶣Ȼ󿩿Ц˵УСʦʲôʱ
룬ʱʦǰѼСˣҪһŮһ֮
ŮһҲûІ£һſתߡ
˵ʵŮ˵ҾܿĳǸΪҪǿŮˣΪ˳ɹԲֶεˡ
ɹСֻ˳ѣΪ֤Լı£ҾŮһ׹С
׹иʬͬʬõ̥еӤֹûգϵģ޷Բܷˡ
׹õĺСһ㲻꣬ǺСϴûʬô鷳ֻҪҲٵķҪԼľѪȥϴǹʦûа׹С
׹бһĹҪöܹ࣬ܿİƸֲʬһ˺ŮߺҾҵһҪ׹УһСĵңУ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵Сǵ֪ͨҡ
˵죬֪ͨȥ̫ƽ䣬֪׹еʬҵˡ
ҹʱҴʦµһѺɫмŷֽǺɫıʦ˵ǧľģľڽףǧ겻аıľҪǿϰٱ
ҺʦÿȥŷΪʦ˵̫ƽֵطȫˣеԹ̫˵ữЩһˣԷ
ЩһһСײģǹײľ̵ģľ̵СȻᵽ̫ƽ䣬ҾײĽʬͣȻСĻײ档
ֺС̫󣬲ƿزסҪСײģײĸһΪľǷֹСܳ
ҴЩȥͣʬ䣬Ҵţָָһͣʬ˵ģûнʣ룬˵Ǳ׵Ƹġ
ȻҪȡ⺢ӵĻǣһ˵СȻǱ׵ģһ̲סŭģһСĵ߽ͣʬ䡣
ͣʬģǰǸʦһʣԼһ·һֻԼĽŲ龰Ҽ̲סķ顣
ĴһۣҵѾʦ򿪣ȥûзֲɾĶһСͣʬԱߣ㣬ͷ
ȻǸСΪ˵ҪȡĻǣͷӦܵġ
ͷվƿСϵİײ
С㣬ȫһһɫ࣬ŵʱ֪˸˶£ǻġ
ҧһǸףİСĹؽڴ˼ѣСͣʬϡ
ַʦ̵ģ˵˲ַʱ˵Ĺؽڹ̶סһȡʬ͡
֪ԩԩͷծҺ㣬ĻҲ벻˵ظҪȡĻɹУ㲻Ҫ֡
ҶС־һ֪϶˵ʲôֻԼϵһο
ҵȼС°Ͽ
Ǽɰģɰأܹװ˵Ƴտ°ͣҲʬ
Ҿ򣬲ͣС°ĻεңС°ϾͿʼ̵Ȼһʬʹ͸Ƥ۵°ϡ
ҸϽľСײȥǵʬ䵽ĵϡ
ͣĿС°ϵʬͲͣ£һֱߵΣҲŰŲ
ʦ˵ڵľѪֻߵΣٿҲʲôһҪСĻˡ
ͳһŷֽŷֽСϡ
ֽлþ塣
ֽסСǣҿָ㵽üͷϣдһ
͵һֻһɫӰӾСĶͷð˳
ӰӾСĻǣͨ£СĻֻҪһ壬ͻ˳ҵָ뵽ǸСײ档
ǽ죬СĻһȴվ˵ϣһҵһ˫Թ۾ĶңԱĹâĪı˲ɫϵ亹ͣ


3 ʬ
֪Ҫ£˵СǸ֮ˣҸʦôɲǰѧģһξȻûܰСĻǸСײģп϶ʲôҲ֪
Сһ˫۾亹˳޽ǾͻȻʦ̹ҶԸԩķţҵһһʱ֮Ȼ֪ôźá
ҿСʱСȴǶͻȻŴ͡ʱһĺоĿͬһ̵ҶĤһۡ
ţСֻͻȻ̧ҵĶӾͲ˹
һ㣬Ҳ˲٣ֽһ˼ģ́ͷʱСĻѾʧˡ
ұʦۣܹ꣬ͣʬôС㵽ʲôطҶܹļСʧˡ
һץϵľСĵĴѰȻܺ£ҪУҪСĻǸҪȻղŵĹǰ׷ˡ

ĴѰʱԭͣʬȴͻȻЦЦǿĵЦ·ĥݷЦ
Ц̲סĴ˸£͵ĻͷĶǸѾȥС
Сղһһͣʬϣһ˫۾ȴģ
˫۾Ѿû˻˵ɣЩǣȥǵ˰һɾһ˫۾ȻһĹâͷ̲סһ
С治ɵİп࣬⵽ôһ£ΪʲôСĻѾҸ˳ֻص֮УҿСΣѾʬ䣡
ʬʬֵ쳣仯ֱӵ˵˱ɽʬˡ
ʦ˵ǼǵһΣ
ҽĶǸСҶֻСĶ£ַһֹĿЦ
ҹģͣʬ棬ҸоԼҪˣŬԼƽŵвҲҪ˹ҾľƬ
ʱǸСӶˣԭȱסĹؽڷǰɡǰ֫ͻȻıֱһּΪͣʬϻվ˵ϡ
֪ҪˣڵѾղôˣ侲İ쵽·棬һŴס
ҺСʱʦÿ춼ҿڴһŴףʦ˵ʬˮŴײΪˮ֮ԿԿƽʬ
ʱʱ˴򽻵ɾĶóŶһŴףʮŴŴѾҵϰߣû뵽Ȼó
С䵽ϣתӣȻһ죬¶һڰɭɭݣһӾڵϸߣֻ־˹
ôһĹСָ׾Ȼ䳤ʮ֣һѰСһҪһץסһã
鼱֮Ҳ룬־ͰŴ׸˳ȥֻһЩŴҵСϣȻӵһùֽ˳ȥ䵽ϵʱҲǰֻǽĶҡ
һŴ׹ãﲻɵĸеϵŴ赲Сһʱ᲻Ҫ취סĻǸ
˼ͣʬ棬ʦ̹ҵĶҪôܰСɵĽʬס
˭֪ʱԱߵͣʬȴͻȻһ
ͣʬҲʬعŵĶˣܷҵĶ
һתͷŷĹȥǹӾ߲׵ľ룬淢óָڹβʲôһ
ֹβһļƤһһ㣬ͷƤֹסһ飬ŬһĭһֲõԤУ
Ȼ֮󲻾ãͣʬһžȻ̽˳
ͣʬĴ򿪣һ˿˿ɫҲð˳ҽĶǸͣʬͷͻͻֱ
ҺµĲͣʬֻп۵˲ܹʬЩʬŨŨҾúܲĶ϶ǳѶԸ
ҽסľոһͻȻʬ͵̽һԲԲͷ
һ˵ԴֻͷѾεͷϺϵƤѾʼ壬Ǳˮݹģ
֪Ϊʬڸݹ˺µǣԴϾȻһɫëȥһŷùͷһ
˵Դתͷһ˫̹۾һۣ۾ĳҸоΪĲ
ͻȻһ˫ųָ׵Ҳ˳ͣʬ棬ĶѾָףҾ֪ղŵ϶ָγģ
ͷ˫ͣʬ̽˳
Σﻹҳɣһľ˹ȥ
ӻûȫһͶ㲻ȥҽʵʵĿ˱ϡ
ǽȴĿɿڴֻʬ屻һУȻֽϾȻӡûпҸֵĻһۣľ֡
һûЧҸϽˣ֪ǰǲ׶Ըģһˣ϶ᷴ
ȻϣҸոܿʱ򣬾һ죬ٻͷʱֻͣʬѾķѣǸͷѾվҸղŵλãҪҶÿ죬ڹѾˡ
ͣ½ŲĶֻȫ㣬첼ƬûУҶĵǣ˵ĶӾȻƿģѾȫˣֻһѪͣѪˮ
һ￴ңǹֽһ־ͳ˹
ҲҴ⣬Ͻľǰסơ
ȻסĹֱ̫ӱĵĵ˳ȥһҵ˵ϡ
һأǸСҲ˹
氵п࣬ǵѪùˣһԼСû뵽ΣԺǮҲˡ
ҸϽţһžͰС߳ȥԶϽڵڿڴͳһѷֽҵľ˹Ĺʹ˹ȥ
ֻһ֮ЩֽûеסǹȻֻצֱ˹
ҧ׼Ӳƴʱͣʬȴǻһ˸ƿˡ
ǹҶһ㶣ҳſһֻۣվſڣһѴӣһͳ˹
ȳһֻţƽʱ·һȳһյģڵȴܵķɿ죬ܱ߶ҴţԸСｻң
û뵽ƽʱһȳһյھȻ˸սʿǰȥĺܡ
Ļתóһ·ֻŸӾ͸ǹһ
ʱתͷĶǰСڿڴһīߣ˹ȥ


4 Ƥ
īߣҲľõīĺߣīľ³ܱаӴī̫鷳ֻһīߡ
īߣСĵǸСʱƺҲо˺£һֽУһбҪܡ
ܷŹһͰī߸˳ȥòסСӡ
īһ¾ܳϣСīһסͨһԵ˵ϡ
ҸϽǰȥýŰСĲסī߰ĽʵʵСͣŤӣſҵͣҧ
üζ㱻ҧˣеðڶͳһһӾͰСԴϣһһ
ҵͣĴĴ죬ǹĽͷƤһķ飬ҸϽͷȥ
ֻʱǸһţǸȳӣĺܣټǹ֫Ӳ
ֻһһӾͻǹĺ棬Ĺеӣ׼ǹĲӣһͷڿһͿ˹ȥ
ǸȻĳ棬֫ӲԶҲһͷ̫죬ǹһ±š
ֻһ죬һԲĶڵϹҵǰǹԴ
һͷһӾͰǹͷͷùҵĸǰ
ŹԼǰڵ۾ҵͷе㷢һӰߵһߡ
ʱ˹ǿԴ߻ȥһѿûͷӣǷŵͣʬ棬Ĺ˹ӡ
֪Բͨˣû뵽Ȼô͵ĽɫǴ۽硣
ʱһȳһյߵҸǰ˵û뵽ǶȻʬ䣬СҲ˱仯ûˣϽŪ
˵꣬һȳһյ߳ͣʬ䡣
ͷıӰ֣ղǹսûһ㷨ȫǿԼ֣书϶
Һ֪ǰǸʲôģҪʰС˵
ҰְСͷϣŸʦѧ䣬ȻֵʳָָСüͷϣһ
һڣСĻһλһ׹ֻһҲûվϣҵָһӾͽСײ档
ȰСĻջСײģҸϽ˹ȥѹײĸǸϣʱ治ͣĴһļСײĸҲײֱ졣
ֽİסײģָŵ棬ҧƣѪ˳۵ҳ졣
Ҳ˲ۣϽʳָŵײϣԼѪε棬һεεѪ˳ҿ̺õķײĸǣҲһʱСҲóīߣСײĸ˸ʵʵŰŽڴ߳ͣʬ䡣
߳ʱſڣղ·һİǹͷ治ɵú棬ߵǰ˵벻ô
ĿЦЦ˵ѧ䣬ˣӹǶˡ
Ȼǫ飬ǸղŵҿǶˣǸ֣ҶȤ̽ôôģ
ôһʣһ£Ȼ̾˿˵ѧӽʱǿʤ˸ȣϹһֻֻۣи˿ඡ
û뵽Ⱥ۶Ǳ˸˵ģҺܺ浽ʲô˸ɵģ鲻ʣһ⣺ѧģ
һлûѧɲŵģô϶ʦŵģҲŻôʡ
˰˵ʦžͲ˵ˣʦͽܣһһʦܣСǰĺܺã˺ܶӰģϧĲס
˵̾һȴŴͣСĵ㡭ʦǲ
Ŀһۣûлشң˰֣ȳ߻ķ䡣
СײߣþòƽҾ֪ͨˣû뵽ȻôǸ˾Ȼʦܣ
صסĵطҰװŹеĹײķŵϣ㣬㷢ҲȥСϵ֮ڣѬټҵľѪϴСϵͿԸȥɾ
㣬˴ϣȻ۵ĹǺȴһҲ˯ţʦˣһˣԵе塣
һʦڴͷ鷭˷һ¾ҶᱳˣڿҲǴʱ䡣
˭֪ҷʱһֽȴͻȻ滬ϡ
ҸϽֽ
һҾ;ЩԾΪǲָֽϸĳƤһ㣬ŵǰһȻһƤ
ƤҳС۳Ƭȥ΢΢ƣƤһûмǰս˿
ֻƤ΢΢ƣԼĻܿϸϸëס
Ҿ;ͷƤһķ飬̲סķһһѾͶ˳ȥȻһƤ
ƤӣҲǻȻЩģƤʦ棬϶ǼΪҪĶҸղ͸ƹ⣬ĿƤƺдʲô֡
ʱҲ˲öĲˣڴƤһȻдĸ֣硣
ĸǺɫģѾЩڣŵһζѪζĸѪдģ
ƤҾڵϣںϣ֪ģˣЩ˷Ϊ磬νЩ籣ϵկ
ЩɽկЩ˻ϲҲΪصˣ˵е¹ơʬ䶴ЩдģЩկоͨʦ
ҰƤڵϣĶƤҳֽһСϸһȻ˵ĺϵƤɵģǼѪ֮⣬ЩǵѪ㣬ȥĿġ
Ҳ֪ʦΪʲôôһƤ֪Ƥʲô͸ʦģ͸ƤĸоһܣƤʦ뿪һʲôϵ
⼸֣ҲоʲôãַŻǱ棬ֻѾ¶ģԺ϶ȥһ
׹̫Ҫÿ춼þѪȥϴǿһڴӦǸŮˣôҲҪֻСŪá
⼸Ҳóţڷ棬һʼļСײ滹Ǵ˵죬泹׵İˡ
Ұˣ֪СϵѾҸϴɾˣСѾͨСûʲôֻܹĸı˵ơ
һ֮շŮˣҰǸľڹײȡŮˣ˵Сϲÿ춼ҪС㹩һһ֮ڣ֤ܸıơ
Ůûж˵ʲôСˣûһʱ䣬Ȼһ󽱣ĴϣȻкܶţԽҲԽ죬󶼱˽гFү֪һжֻСڰ


5 ͷŮʬ
ӸŮһ׹֮ҲмУҶˣΪͣʬ﷢£һֱе£ٽӴٽӴ˭֪ˡ
ڰŮеĵڶ£һˣûа취ܾΪ̾ӵģҲҪҸУб顣
Ǹˣ̾ӵĶӳǰҲҹʦҲΡ
ԵЩأһݾĴȻңʦûڣ
ҡҡͷ˵ʦԶˣһʦڣԵ¶ʧɫЩ棬ʦʲôǿ˵ʦ˻ңʲô£
ӳңԥһᣬǿ˵˳һֵİӣǸŮ˱ɱˣͷˡ
ӳ˵⣬ƺԵúܽţҿ˿ְͷյҸǰѹ˵ʬѾˣ̥ʵʱǷŮľȻû࣡
ӳѹúܵͣҶЩë˵꣬Щʵ౻˸ˣ
౻˸ߣ˵е֣ڱ̬˶ȥˣԲӳţ϶бĲԾġ
ȻҵĻ֮ӳ˵ͷڼ˵Ǳ˸ߵģԺڵģŮ˻ŵʱڵģؿڷһ̺ۣǰ̺۶ѾˣˣҲ˵Ůû֮ǰѾûˣ
˵꣬Ҳһ㼦Ƥһˣû࣬ǾԲܻģ˵Ŷһˣ
ѾϱˣҲûи˵ʦȥ⵽ô£ȻڣǾˡ
ʱĺѾӳȫˣټһ˵ʦھҪߣҵĺˣһס˵Ҫȥ
ӳһ£ȻңУ
ȿɣҶ˵
аúܣ̾ӵ˶˿ڣͣʬҲרſܣ˵ǵ顣
ҲǾֵˣֻеȵϣӳŴ˾ֵͣʬ䡣
ÿεͣʬֵطҶرСģΪʦ˵ںӱߣŪʪЬʱ򣬵ֵطһҪĶ
Ҿʹʦµľﻹһֽİ˲١
ӳСĵĴͣʬţ˽ȥһݣһɭĺ̲ס˸¡
ӳװʬıǰ棬һһӣһɫĴӣ֪϶װľǾ߱˸ͷŮʬ
ֻӳʬڿڴͳһ̵֧ϣȻҵļ˵죬ʬ屻ֵʱʱѾʮСʱе㸯ܣС¡
ȻȻתߵһߡ
Ļ氵п࣬ģˣʬ϶Ҳ̶ãЩڸˡ
ʱҲЩ˵ȥֻӲͷƤߵǰûмŴװʬȡ㣬ȼ֮Ǿʬݡ
ӳվſڲΪȻ˵˶ˣٰʲôѽ
ûнʲôֻǳЦЦ˵ʦ˵ΪҪ˼ҵ壬ȻҪò㡣
ӳͷһߣ˵֪ݵĶŵʱǲء
仰ģ˭֪һ˵Լһɫ˲ͰˣŬһĭٺٵĶҸЦ
˵ʵҲµҪȻҴС͸Щ򽻵ûĻܻŶһеˣ˵û˵һʱ쬵ģֱңܻʲôҪ
ҰڵϣһԼ׳׳ӣȻһһǸɫװʬ
װʬһɶѬõĲû³ҿǾʬʱҲ̲סˣתͷ۵һֱ˳
Ҽܶʬ壬ôĵĻͷһμ
ֻװʬŮʬѾûͷ­ӵĶϿڴ⻬ƽ˿ڿԿŮǱ˸ɾһͰͷ
ڹؼǣŮѾ߶ȸܣƤһѾ˿ڴһһںڵѪˮڶϿڴԼܿһɫĶʬ棡
죬Ů˵ʬҰֵⷢģʬˡ
港ʴʬ壬һ㶼Ƥ濪ԣֱһʬѪⶼΪֹʬѾŵͣʬͱˣһЩڼɶ˭Ҳס
Ҳоһ㣬氵ӳ֪ŮʬôģȾȻûиһ֣һֻۣתӣûһۣһҲǱŮʬˡ
ĹģҲ죬ӲͷƤֿǾŮʬ
ֻĸѾп඼Ѿȡ˳տյĸǻֻһ̲ںڵѪˮмֵ档
ӳ˵ĻŮʬزȻؿڵλһԼʮ׵İ̺ۣǵ̺Ѿϵĺܺãʱǲˡ
̺ۣҲɵĻŮʬֵʱͷûа˺ָۣͨӰȡߣôֻһˣŮ˻ŵʱû࣡
ҪоӵĻһܿҵɫ԰ףڸо亹ֱðôû໹ܻţһأ
У
뵽Ҳӳ˵ŮѾˣĶ沢ûзǸ̥
ͷǸСԱߵ棬ԼȥСӳûתͷ·֪ҪʲôҺ
ĻתͷһȻ߼ԶĵطһıǱЩڣȥһоرɭֻһ۾ҲɵĴ˸¡
ǱȥߵǰְѱŸ˿ֻһҾ͸ŵòͣӡ
ҵӲСǱĶʵ̫ˣ˭һӿҲԲǵӴĶųҪǵСĹƻᱻ
Ϊһͷ
ǸͷŮ˵ͷ­һͷͷѾ˸ŵ棬µŮ˵
ŵʱƤӦúܺáܰףȻѾ߶ȸܣһܿŮǰһʮ
ֻȴø˲ֱӣΪϵƤⶼѾ𣬶ЩƿڴѾȥ˶ĵ档
ΪֲǣŮ˵۾ŵĴģôֱң
ȥʱ̫Ů˵ѾһɫıĤǻ˰ϵĲһȥǲ
Ů˵ȻǣĿһ˫۾ƺһĹâǵâһһļƤ
Ůڿң
ӿŮ˵˫۾ʱҾָоŮѾˣôڶҿ
ҧ⣬Լһ㣬۹һתŮͷ­Ա߷ŵǸҵһ
һСʬ壬Ѿֻͣȳ˵ְƴһ㣬Сſڱ棬ϵƤţ沼ںڵѾ˵ѪϻմŲٰɫ棬ȥΪĶĿֲ
ҾٴҲЩסˣθһķڣϽŤٿ
һתͷĶʱҵ۽ǸպƳŮɵͣʬĿǸŮ˵ֱƺ͵ضһ£


6 ͣʬս
һְҸһѲʬҪʬ䣬תһ룬Ů˶ͷʬѽ
̧ʹ۾ٿȥֻŮ˵ʬ尲棬һҲ
ﳰЦԼһ£϶Ǹղűŵòᣬڿۻˡ
һԼ£תͷǱȥֻһۣһҷһѳ˱ľ
֮ԷӦôΪתͷʱԭſڱеСȻˣ
ôһգ۵ĹûжӳҲûжͣʬûеˣǸµӤô᲻ģ
ľҶͷϵ亹Լڲֱֻͣڽţķǳ죬ùһõһͣĶ¡
ǸŮ˵ͷ­ڱ棬ֻƺЩһϸĿһ£ԭŮ˵ھȻµϴһĨعЦݡ
ʲô©ˮ𣿡
һͣĳŰëĶŮ˵ͷ­ʱ򣬱վſڵӳͻȻ˵һûͷûԵĻ
תͷȥʱһã
ֻӳıſһѪģĶǸ˵Ӥ
ǸӤڽļССԴͻȻ֮ſ죡
Դûȭͷ󣬿һ죬;Ȼѿ˰Դ¶ɭɭݡ
ЩţͲݣǳΣݷĿȥ˺£һӳĲӾҧ˹ȥ
ӳڸ֪ʲô£һԼĲץȥ
ۿӤҪҧӳĲˣȥѾˣһ°ҼĴһһ־Ͱľ˹ȥ
ľаɷѽʦרҷģһӲȻ֪ǸӤʲô⣬һǶá
ľձҸȥǸӤ͸оΣգһСһĽһͷ˵ϣӾһֻŵıڻһſڵϣһ˫۾Ķң˫۾Ȼɫģ
һвһգ۵Ĺ򣬴ʱӳոתͷûзֵϵӤǴŵľһ
ӳϾʮ̾ˣ˵ãȻţŪеǱһǶһ
ľӳΪʲôҪЩֵҡ
Ҵҳָָ̧¡
ӳ˳ҵָſڵϵӤɫˢһ¾Ͱˣһĭ̧ͷҡ
ֻո̧ͷɴһ˫۾ҵƺҪ˵Щʲôں£һʱȻ
һı飬Ҿ֪ͷҸоԼĲӺƺʲôڿǶŪҲӺĺë
ﻹü룬Ҳһͷȥһһſµµǰ˹ȥ
ҵĶǹ֪ӳѾ̲סǹˣʱһǰľվ
ͷȥֻԭſڵϵӤѾ֪ȥֻһĺѪʱӳڷһͣĿǹ
˳񿴹ȥֻǰվıԱߣʱƮһͷ
ǸͷͷнһףɢŰסˣƯڿУͷ˵ϡ
ȻͷͷڸǣĿһһ۾ϳˣǷڱǸŮ˵Դ
Ȼʬ壬̣ҸоԼҪˣڵӳһţǹĶǸŮ˵Դͣš
Ů˵ͷƮţһӳӵӦǴˣǾû㷴ӦŮ˵ԴڶͷţǸı飬һûס
ĵӳӵʲôʱ꣬Ҫûӵ˺µŮͷҪˡ
ҽץľ׼һƴ
ʱƺһˮϡ
̫ƽ䳱ʪˮһѣǽȴǿһӣ
ǸӤ
氵п࣬ŮͷˣȻǸӤˡ
̧һԼָϣȻںڷȳѪҺѪҺģֱˣҺҵһĨ͵̧ͷȥ
ֻǸӤھıڻһӽͷϣһ˫ɢ̹۾Ķңŵ治ͣµźɫѪΣղŵεϵҲ⡣
Ҹ̧ͷͣʬҲͻȻð
氵һˣӳǹûӵˣ
ʱǰͻȻһͬҹһЦ
ͬһ˴ĵ׷ҪǣƯŵŮ˵ͷġ
ʱҲ˲ͷӤˣ͵ŤͷŮ˵Դȥ
ֻЦ֮ȴǹĳĬһĬ˲ʱ䣬Һӳ˵͸һ
ͻȻ
ǸŮ˵Դ͵һǰͷɫٲһź滬¶
Ҷ֪ôⱲҲȥ
ֻŮԭѾܵ˶ĵڲһСףСӳǹģЩС滹ͣкɫѪҺȥȵĶҪ£
ţͻȻſͣһ̵Ƕ۵ļǾ˹
ͷз֪ǸӤҲ
ҺӳҲִ̼ܲͬʱг
ãȻڷһ㹻һ˱ӳ̾ʮ꣬ǴСʦ󣬶ˣȻ£Ҳû˷ִ硣
ӳǹӵѾˣڵֿȭûʲôһѽǹȥһҵŮ˵ԴϣٶȻһˮԱ߾ܡ
ҲһߣָϽڿڴͳһɷŮ˵ԴͶ˹ȥ
ɷʦҵģʦ˵ַаɷܹһ
ȻŮͷ­ɷƺЩɵŷֽƮȥӲɲס˳ûм
ȻŮͷû׷ҸΪͷǹȳζѾԽԽ֪ӤҪ˵ҵͷϡ
ڵҲ̧ͷˣ֪ӤҧһڻʲôҴһľͷ˹ȥ
ֻһֻһͷϴһҵĹֽУһȳںѪҺɢһͷһһضҲ䵽ҵĽ¡
ڵΣ֣ȻЩܵϵѪȳޱȣҲ˶ģͷһֻҽµһϸϸֱۣղһҾȻӤֱ۸
ڵӤžһŮԴԱߣ໲ͣĹֽţԵʮֵʹࡣ
ҸӳǽǣǸӤյŮԴͣĭ
治ͣĽп֪࣬Ҳ
ںҲûˣľǽ쵽ڴҲʲôˣҵͳһѣӳ˵ȻҪǹЩǡ
ӳ׵ĸֽһӹҵķֽ֪Լڿ϶ҲòȥȻ£滹֡
ŮѾˣԴ˸ˣͲܷʬˣڵʲôʦɴûҽѽ
Ҹûն룬ΪʱŮ˵ԴӤһֽһ˹
ǳٶȺǹɺݾ֪˳Ҫˡ
飡
Һӳ׼ƴʱͣʬȴͻȻһ죬֮Уűһɴ˿һӰſڣ


7 
ƿŵĳ棬һҺӳһŮ˺ӤҲͣ
ǻûзӦʱһӰٶȿĸڵһŮ˵ͷ­ͳ˹ȥ
ִһͷ­̶ļУһӰ͵ǰ
ʱŮͷ­ֽ˿ԶӤҲڻһٵȥ
˱ǣҿĿӱӰ˵ĺ߸Ҳ࣬Ŷ̶̵ƽͷֱӦò
˴һ£ʱһа׳ĵֵǰѵɫҲںڵġ
תͷһӳҲһãȻĿǸĺˣԲʶЩ֣˵Ǹģôܴҹĳͣʬ䡣
Ȼ֣ƾǸ͵ĽɫҲɵһҶʱоࡣ
ҶԸǸŮͷСͽˡûлͷ˵
һ˵֪Ϳ϶ӦøҲ˶١
ֻ˵꣬һĺڵһӣһӾǰ˹ȥ
ǸŮͷƺЩֽһźƮ˹ȥֻ治ԶǽˣѾû·
ʱû·ŮͷһҵĽƬĦһҶһһļƤ
ֻûһȻǰֱ壬ʱǸŮͷҲſͣ¶һڰɭɭݣĲӾҧ˹ſڵϵӤʱҲһ죬˵Ĵҧ˹ȥ
ʱҲӦ˹ߵӳͣĿǰ档
ۿС˹ȥһӳķֽͷľͳС˹ȥ
ЩֽɰŹļѪģɰͼѪؼ֮ǼϵѪ㣬Ща֮
ȻҵķֽһӤ໽ȥԶʱŮ˵ͷҲ嵽˸ǰֻһһбĺڵǰ濳˹ȥ
Ů˵ֻһͷƮţȴĺܣɫĵûͷ͵һת䣬Ӳֹ˹ȥ
һתźɫĵͣͷȥ
ڹ˲ߣľͳӤ׷˹ȥǼһղűҵķֽŵܿԶһ˫ĵ۾ңǸҾԲܷŹ
ҳܹȥӤƺңʣµһ첲֨ҽС
һ°ҸıӶˣղŮͷϻҴ򲻹ǣһһҲŰ㣡
ҼʹܵӤߣľͳͷϿ˹ȥ
һƤͰͣ˶ĵѪȻڶһֱۣǶĺܣһȥһֻıڻһһ¾Ͷ˹ȥ
һ֪ϵľҸӲӲΧҲͣĴת׼һյ˹
ͷһЦȻ֪Ӥôģ̻ǱȲ˵ģǹ¶ĿյȵľԼ
ŴҧЦһֿٵڴװҴӲŴףץһѾ˹ȥ
Ӥĺܿ죬ôҲ벻һһУֱӱЩǵصŴ׵˸š
ЩŴ״ӤϣӵһһֱӸڵأڵϲͣĹȥһĲҽţСеĲ࣬Եʮֵʹࡣ
ڵ϶ŴףôѹЩŴףҲմϲ٣ЩŴľЩһĿǣһ¸ֻܲҽУ
һڵϲͣĹȥ³һڶڻѵãܴһľ׼һĲӣһӾͿ˹ȥ
һþȫľֱӿӤĲӡ
ֻ۵һһԴͱҸĿûͷһںȳѪҺڵϷ²һ
ӤԴȻҸڵϻڴ죬໵ĽţһһģֻûӣȴôҲ
˵һʬ巢ʬ䣬ɽʬֻҪԴҲͷˣǴǸŮͷǰӤѾʦҵЩʶ뵽Щʲô
Ȼ㲻ӤʲôͷͷҸˣȻڵһһģǲûиǸŮ˵ԴһܹƾƯҲһϽܵǰһһͷͲȥ
һΪһȭͷһԴһҸֱӲѣ˭֪Դ󣬿Ӳһ
þһŲȥǵûаͷѣҵĽۣ۵죬ӤԴҵĽŵһһµ϶þȫܰס
ס蹬ǧ꣡
ʱǸŮͷͣĺ˶Ҵһ
һ벻ڻ꣬ȷʵǸ鷳
Ǹղҵķֽ˵ϣҲһû취ȥ÷ֽҺʱӳҲ˹ҽŵµӤԴɫףݺݵһĭһֿڣϣƥ⵽ʲô
ʱͣĶ˵סһȥ÷ֽ
ӤԴҵĽŵĽţͨ˿϶ýȥȣӳϾʮ̾ˣҵĻûһžͲȵӤԴ
ĻҪö࣬һȥӤԴǳͣˣҲˣֻǵһ˫ɫ۾ҡ
ҿһ΢΢ĳϷһʵ蹬λûƮš
һЩҾͼˣΪǶһ꣬Ҫܣ
ôסҿɲһˣϽڸղϵķֽ淭
ҺҲԶĵطþһһѾץӳһţ
ӳĽ͵һգеҲžһ⵽С蹬ϡ
蹬˶ͷϷһĵطСǵطܱһʱܿ蹬һһĵģʦ߹ңǵط˵ĵطǾ蹬Ʈ
ֻһӤ棬Щ蹬Ʈ˻ȥزòȣʵʵһҲˡ
Ҹ㶨ӤӳһʱԱͻȻһ죬Ůͷ­̶ļ
ǸϽתͷȥֻŮ˵ԴǸһͣʬ棬˵ĳ棬ֱӰͣʬ񶼸ҳһӡ
ɫĵȻŮ˵ԴϣŮѾõԴӲľһ򣬾Ȼһ˰Ҳû
ֻİסҲŮͷ֨ҽУһץסͷ͸
ֵĵڵϣָ쵽ҧʳָѼѪŮ˵ϡ
Ҳ֪ʲôͷѪȻҵ飬ѪһεŮͷϣֹͣ˼Уһ˫۾Ҳıϣһ
ʱתôŮ˵Դ˹


8 Ӣ
ղûüϸˣҲŷĺᣬȥҴ˼꣬˶ʮͷӡ
ĺӢִֵüëϵƤܰףȴһֲĲ԰ף۾ܺڣȥһ̶ˮ·װܡ
˿϶Ǹװźܶˣ˫۾˶ۡ
ϵƤȻףõһǷȥԵüΪıԽӽǰѺڵһ
ߵǸǰҶЦһ£Ͽҵ˵лл㡣
Ȼȥ͸һղҪҺӳڻ֪ôأ˼ҰæȻҪлһ£⡣
ӳҲ˵ллüͷʵʵʲôˣôҹĻ
Ǿֵͣʬ䣬һ˸ͽȴӲĴˣȻǣӳǱҪ
ҽӢۡҺӳлĻϵıһûֻǵĿһۣͳĿڻش
һģ֣һǲЦӳƤĳһ¡
ҽǵʦȡģΪ֣ûٸͷ
һֱԼֹ֣û뵽һļһ־ȻһҪ֡
Ӣۣģֻеһƴһ죬ҵš
ʱѾߵǸǰ־ͰŮ˵Դ˵ϣڿڴһɫСƺһ֤õӳĸǰһ¡
ʵӳ֤ϵƤһȻٺٵĸЦӢ˵ԭ㣬û뵽ҹľˣղǶ㡣
ӳЦЩֺһ˸ûϵĺڵһһòϣ˱ϡ
յߵӳǰֱһСʲôͷ
ӳЩصĴյҶϣѹ˵ⲻϱģǲźء
ĻҰĵ˵ͷкܶδ֪صĶⲢǳʵڵģÿҶһЩصĲţЩ˶ӵгͨ˵רŸһЩΪ֪Ĺ¼
Щǰʦ˵Ȼʦû˵ԼӳҹʦҲʦ϶صĲűĳϵ
ǰӢۣ氵֣䲻󣬾ȻܹǸصĲţ϶гԽ˵жɵָ߿ۡ
ʱӢѾĺڵڱϣתͷʵ
һȻңϵƤ⶯ûҲƽĺܣȥʱˣԼ
˹е˼
ţͷ˵һ㡣
ҵĻҲ˵ͷ˵ͺãҲ궼Դ棬ҪǣҪȻܳ鷳ˡ
ĻӳһϽͷԶһ㡣
ҲЩ֣Ȼķһᣬ޷֮һİǻɢʧΡ
Ӣ۸ղסŮʬ꣬ô˵Լֵᷨĵط̧ͷʵ
ƺ֪ʲôĸһӢ۶ҿ˵ҵѪȽرܷסЩҲ
ĻҸ֣÷ֻԼѪܷס꣬ôܣѪʲôֵĵطҴûʦ˵ѽ
Ȼ֣ûпƾˣһĸʯͷһҲһشңһܡ
Ҳɵֿۣŷһͷŵ͸һŨŨϢ
ֻʱת㳶һûùͣʬͷ˽ȥȻӳ˵Ѿûˡ
תͷ˵Ҹߣⶫ
û뵽Ȼһһ£һڷһסǾ͵ͷӦ
߳ͣʬ䣬ӳ֧֧ƺҪ˵ʲôӢתͷ˵ѾȫˣŮ˲ˣʬյУԺ顣
˵Ů˲ˣҵǿһӣû໹ܻţһУȷˣŮ˵Ǹʲô
ĻӳˣǸ˱һ·Сܾͳ˾֣ѾˣҲ֪컹ܲ˯̤ʵ᲻جΡ
һ·ظϣ췢˺ܶ飬ģҪһ£һ·Ҳû˵ߵӢۣһǿʯͷҾҲ
Ǿһ·Ĭ߻סĵطϱӤͷĺѪζѬһ·ĵĲУһҾ͸Ӣ۴˸кȥϴ裬˵һͷԡҡ
ӤѪģһɺŨζҴĻͨ죬Ƥ˲о˵㣬׸ɾ·ԡҳͿӢǼһʯͷһһڵϣֻ۾ĶŰϵͷüͷţʲô顣
һѪͷһģϽóһľУһײ嵽ǰ
ѽҳԷѽڵϵӢ۱ԹһðײסͷǷŵľ
ҽŵӣʯͷһӢǾȻĳһ£ƺЦָֻܿԭģ
һı飬һ£û뵽һȻЦҵ𾪲ڿǸŮͷ
ҪôӢۿһʵ
ŵ棬а취һشȻҰӸ
ɱСӣӿʦһŰľͷɵģ˵ľΪ֮ľζܹ˰аһֱаɷıѰϰռ涼ϲаһĵʿҲľ
Ҳ򵥣ʦ˵߽װһЩ֮ˢһɰʦԿµаĶһŵͱٳ֮ͻᱻ
ŵ棬ܲͷİɣŪ㼦Ѫ棬Ϳˡ
ȻǸͷЩ죬ҾÿͿĨһ㹫Ѫһ㱣գӦþܺܿǡ
˭֪ҵĻո˵꣬ǵϵľȴһ󶶶ҸһʹһĹǺŮͷӤ
һĭһ໰벻һȻôаţ⵽滹֣ģƺҪ
̧һžͲӲֹͣ˶ֻ滹ǲͣĴһ˷ëĲҽС
治ɵİп࣬Ҫȸ㹫ѪˣҪȻͣҹĵȥ㣡
̧ͷߵӢۣҲʵҡ
ҪŪĹѪס
ҵĻӢ΢΢һ㶣˱ĺڵ˵ãҵѪС
˵֣ɫĵֲĨһ£ʱͳһѪڣѪεδľϣһͰʦµķʱҲûз


9 ֵļһ
ҳԾǰӢۣһ̫ˣֵѪôãһϵѪѵѪ
ӿ뷨ҡͷˣȻʯͷһϲûзκε쳣ܲˡ
ŽµӲٶˣϻͣµѪҸϽһֻӵʱҲſƺ˵Ĳһ
ָܳҴûмôָҵҪ㳤һ룬ָͷЩ⣬һѼӵĽһ
Ҹղŵݸʱƣˣ
𣿡Щֵ죬ȻʱѾҹˣɺȣһﴩһ£˵Ӧѽ
û˵ֻҡҡͷñֲϵ˿ڸ
ѲǸղѪˣ
ʱҲûж룬ͷһ۵µӣֵʵ⵽ʲô
ղͣʬʱӳ˵Щˣ棬϶֪Щġ
ҵĻ۾ŵϣĬһᣬſ˵ⶫͲˣҲ֪ܳģǰҼֻ벻ʲôʱˣǰЩǲˡ
˵ʱüͷƺŬĻʲô۾Щãҿ֪ûѡ
㡭㲻ʧ˰ɣĻСĵе㻳ʯͷһļһǲе㲻ʹˡ
ӦǰɡֳĬ˼ӣſڡ
ĻҿͻȻеͬһˣʧֻڵ濴û뵽Ȼʧˣǰ飬϶ʮʹġ
ᷨһжʱȻûͷûԵ˵ôһ䡣
Ҳ֪˵ʲô˼ʲôжҪʲô
ȥЩʲôطġָָµӣ˵
ȻҲŪЩģЩʲô⣬ĻһǾЩˬ
ҸһֲǸţѹûϵ˵ˣҸһֲ죬ûɰҲˬǣһҰæ⡣
ŮͷӤڻûʲôĺܣһСľͿܰСˣҿߵӢһۣ뿪ھܾһҪҸӳܾͽˡ
ͷһתҾȻʹĵ˵ͷ˵УҾ͸㿴ȥ
ҴӦһϾȻӲһЦݣֻûôЦһЦȿ޻ѿβһǽһŤ
ллһﲻЦһ£Ȼĵ˵лл
滹е㲻Ըأһлл˺ܶ࣬ȻǸոʶã֪һǸϲ˵ˣ߲ƨˣлл˵Ѿ㹻ϡ
˰ҹˣòУʦ˼ˣŴѾҶʰҲˣûа취ֻöߵʯͷ˵ûط˯ˣһŴɡ
ұΪʯͷļһ϶ܷи˯һŴû뵽ҵĻüͷûһ£˵õġȻվӣߵҴߣֱӾȥ
һµҸŪסˣ˰Ż
˵ʵһʼϰߣڿҴϣҵе㲻ϰˣү˯һôеŤ
㲻ϰߣҪ˯ϣҷ㶣Щֵңڴ
ҸϽ˰֣˵ϰߣϰߡȻϵƣߵ¡
˼һŴӣΣֵǣһӾȻҲһ΢΢Щ˵Ҫࡣ
͸ϱӡȻ֪һΪʲôôһǺĵ
û£˯С˵һ䡣
Ȼһе֣ʵ۵ùǺû󹦷ҾԺ˯˹ȥ
֪˶ãҸоԼǰЩǻ汧һʯͷһҸоҲɵֱ˵㡣
һᣬ;˹һ۾ͼǰһ˫̶ͬһ۾ҡ
˫۾Һܽһ𣬰ŵڵһӾŷ֣춼ѾˣҲ֪ôģȻ˯һͷҸղбŵʯͷȻһӡ
̲סһ£һ񺮣ϵļƤһ㣬Ͻʵô˯ߵģ
ֻһ鲻ڴһ±Ҹѹӵ£˵Ҳ֪˯˯žܵˣұһҹ
Ļͷϵ亹ˣ˯ôʵС벻Լᱧһү˯һһϣоұȳһֻӬܡ
ҸϽһԼϣ·úúõأֻһԼƨɣûзκβʣųĳһЩεĶ˵˼˯̤ʵ
û£ϴּġһ´Ьӣ˵ͺûзκһ
ҸϽָָϴּķ򣬿߽ȥȻˮһڴϸļһԼӣȷʵûʲô쳣㳹׷ġ
ԼûжҲɵһʲô£ض˿ɶˣǼһı鵹һҲ⣬ѵϲֵҲɵһ񺮡
Ҳ֣ղұоԼͺһʯͷһһôôѵǿʯͷ
Һ˼ʱҵķű˸ĵֱ죬Һһɤӣˣ
߹ȥŸˣֻӳվſڣһ˫۾沼Ѫ˿ϢĲǺܺá
ҸϷ䣬û뵽򷿼̽̽ͷȻңλء
ǼһϴȻᡣ
ӳЩ԰ףһݾ͵һˮ˹һ˸ɾѱһţ˵̵ģŪһҹûۣϵľͰ͵᳡ȥˣһŽʬ¯ǽһȫѬˡ
ҿӳɫζ϶Եĺݣʱһ٣СĵңԴȥˣ
û˵ָָԱߵľӣӳŵһӾվԶԶģŸҿң⻹ܶ𣿡
ŵǸӣҾеЦ˵İɣѾҷסˣ֮ͻᱻˡ
ӳһʱӢҲϴּ˳һӳ˵Ů˵ʬʲôطֵģ
ĻɽϣֳϸµŲ飬ûзκõĺۼʻӳش
ǵطҲ֪еߣһƬɽľȥټ˵ɽϿɾĶԻѾû˸ȥˣСʱʦǴȥһΣҼǵûбĶʣһƾɵĳ
ȥӳĻӢüͷһ£˵


10 
·ϼ򵥵ĳ˵㶫ӳľһ·Хȥû󹦷͵ɽ¡
ӳɽȥһһ˵طƽʱû⻹Ǹ߶ˣɽҵʱֵʬ塣
ɽѾþûˣû·Ǿʮֵˡ
ʯͷǰ棬ǰѺڵһ·ӳָ·
ʯͷ͸ӢǼһţһĸʯͷûʲôҲС
ȻֻʶһҹĹ򣬶ҳ˯һ֮Ҳû˵仰Ҹоһﻹ㲻Ҳ֪оôģ˳ΪֶȽԭ
аСʱӳкɽһƬСָͣһյض˵﷢ֵġ
ǸϽ߹ȥֻǵطϵĻĲвٺڵ㣬Ѫֻʱ䳤ˣЩѪɫѾķᣬһĸڲҶϡ
ЩѪֳҲû±Ķ
Ӣ۶ӣֳһƬҶӣŵӵţȻ̧ͷüͷ΢΢ţ˼¡
ҲЦѲıӱȹĻ飡
£Ȼ̧ͷɽʵɽʲô
ӳĻһ£֪ʵʲô˼ɽ밸ֳ̫ԶҲûȥ顣
ɽϾһȥģǺܾǰҲ֪ڻûУĻҸϽشɽͷˡ
˭֪ʯͷҵĻ֮ȴǵ˵ͷ˵ȥǹζɽƮġ
ĻҺӳһûŵʲôζҵֳʱ϶˾ȮѲһıӱȹĶ飡
ʣһȻ˵ˣɽȥҲûʲôҴ·ɽȥ
ֻɽԽԶҷʯͷһɫԽѿ̧ͷһɽȻľڵҿɽʲôұʦۣܹ˿һЩһȥҵҲǿһӡ
϶ûʲô쳣ЩľϷҾȻĿһź
ƽģĸطаǶ˵طأͨ˸ͿǰҲӱʦۣЩҿǿһ
ȻǴ죬һǿɽһɫЩΪŨ񣬾ɽɢҲɵĽѿ˵طص
̫Ĺâ֮һĹ֮ﶼ⣬ϳ⣬ͨ׵˵ϴϢЩϢɢΣɽ
ɽҳԾСҼǵʦǰ˵ЩĸˣһЩ£Щ󷨵İ֮¾ͻԽԽŨ⡣
ɽϿ϶йŹ֣
ʱҲҴ⣬ľʯͷǼһɫøӵɽüë嵽һҲһ϶Ҳܿɽһĵط
ӳȻ֪ʲôǿӣҲýǹСĵǺʲô⣿
ӢǼһﵱȻشֻûع˵ͷ˵ɽе㲻һҪСġ
ӳϾ͸ŵùǺҵĻݺݵһŨ̵ſϣƥǲЩ
һȷɽϵʲôֻöҡҡͷ
ԽߣҾ;ЩԽԽŨҲоЩ䣬Ҷ˸¡
ʦ˵ؼ˵ģҪƽطԵŨ˵ؾ
ɽϴ˵ֹЩˣһϰոͲܵǰȴͻȻһС·
ʵ˵·Ҳ㲻ϣֻ߹֮ȳĺۼԼԼֱͨɽ
û뵽ʺĵطôһС·һ°Ǹĸӽţɽֵģ˭û»

ʱͷͻȻһ°ҺӳһֻӢǼһһûŤͷĿһۡ
ղŵеģյĻɽϣͻȻô˭ҲţȻʯͷ⡣
ҺӳЩ˼Ͻȥ
ɽǺܸߣû󹦷Ѿӽɽˣ̧ͷһֻֻɽϲ֪ʲôʱ˸һȦ
ЩڶѾСȴϸȥѾЩͷˣֻЩΧһȦðƾɵĳΧ¶ĲԫϺۣɽԵɭء
ľǹľϾͿԿƫǸֶ֣ģ⻱ľأйԸŪ˸ԣƽռԲֻġ
طɽҰģɽôĻľֲû￴ɾĶҽĶƬľĸоЩľ²򵥡
ӳЩֻǱЩɭĻľŪЩŤͷЩŵһۡ
ʯͷڸӵĳĬֻ۾Ķڻĳһһ˹ȥҺӳûа취ֻø档
Ҳ֪ĸģķϵľˣϱڲлϵɫ̦ΪǣطȻûһĶĲӵĽҲûУɭͬһ
µϴѾĲˣֻг㱣ĲȻǽϲƶûе
ʱǰӢͣ˽Ų˵ѿ
˷ͷѰһߣطܴ󣬲һͼˣҺӳûзʲô쳣ֻʱӢվǳſڣͻȻӣڵץһϸĴţüͷĸӵˡ
ҺӳϽܵǰֻһ飬渲żɫ۵㣬ʱ䳤˱ڵѪ
ҸϽϿȥֻ϶϶һɫѪʲôԺڵϵģЩѪʱ䳤ˣѾڣڵϣϸͷֲˡ
ѪԶȻ棬ʧ
վȻƾɣǽŵţҺȻоЩʲôһεѹȸС
ӳǹ˳򿪱գֱ̧ۣĶš
Ӣʱǰһ˫֣ƿ˳š
ƵѾˣЩĻ᲻ͻȻ£ҸĵĻһƿţͻȻܳʲôϾ˵ĸоʵ̫ˣ˭Ҳܱ֤ʲô
ҾŽӳǹǽĶſڣֻ֨֨ѽѽУڱ˿ͬʱһȳ˶ĵζҲ˱Ƕ


11 ֮
ǹɳʬ帯ܵζȻǶ׼ǱɳѬòˣΨһοǣȻ˵㣬沢ûʲô
濴һֻۣ浽ҳһǺܳʱûˣЩҳ֮ȴ¶ҵĽӡҵѾɷڵѪȳζЩѪġ
ЩӡѪµʱӦòǺܳӦǴ֮ģǳЩѪнӡ֮⣬Ҳû±Ķ
յģֻмڷһүҲ֪ж೤ʱˣڷԭ򣬲ôưܣ϶ܿĵֻүĽʦǲ֪ʲô̬һúõĳүĵŪֱǸеҹ档
нף͸һ˵Ĺ죬һ˫͹飬ĶǣҸеĲ
һصѪǶҴ⣬Ͻϸļһºܶط´򶷵ĺۼԽԽ𾪣﷢ս϶쳣֪ʲôµġ
תһȦЩѪ򶷵ĺۼ֮⣬Ҳûбķ£ʱʯͷǼһȴվǸүǰüͷ֪Щʲô
һҾ;үĵ⣬ģ֮⣬һϿһŨŨ
ߵʯͷǼһǰʲô֣˭֪ȴ͵̧ͷĶǳү
ұĶһҲϽ̧ͷ˳ĿȥһۿȥŵдһԲۣ
ź˼
ҵĵӲСǻǱĶŵĲ壬Ϊǳһ˫۾ʱĶǣҾȻ˫Ӷһ£
үܵģôܻᶯ
˿֮󣬻عǳү۾ȥֻ˫ӾȻգһ£һӾʧˣֻһ˫ںĿն
ʲôӳ쳣Ͻܹ
һûüشվڳүǰʯͷһ񵯻һһڵϵϸߣһžǳү
ֻһ죬ǳүȻֱһŸߵ滬ȥ
ʯͷӻûأҾͿǳүȻһضһͷ͵һ̽Ķһۣһ¾ʧ
Ȼֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬲һǿǸͷӣֻǿԴȫѪǱ˰ͷϵͷƤһȥĿֲˡ
ͷһ˫ͻ۾ڰ׷ôһۣҸоǱˮͷŵĸһ飬
ܳү
ӳҲǿͷŵͷˣǹľʹ˹ȥֻǸͷֻ΢΢һ̽˻ȥӵҲȫˡ
ʱӢҲ˵أӳ˰֣ӳֹͣߵĸǰŵǸĶʵղʲô
ûлشǣǵͷ˼ʲôȻͻȻ˵ȥ
£ͼһһӾǸС
û뵽һȻ˵߾ߣʲôҲû취ˣҺӳǸڣ໥һۣҶ˵ҪҲȥ
ղðǿѪͷҸŵùǺӳҲòȥǸ죬Ȼ£Щ黹ҪŪġ
ֻӳһĭҧҧ˵ȥ治֪ʲôŹֶСһмܲ
Ȼӳ˵ҪȥҲֻӲͷƤһֻȥ֮ǰ˼ŷֽݸӳڿڴץ˵Ŵ׸ɾĶЩǹҪõĶࡣ
ӳҪǰأҵסҳܣֻѿܹһЩӳĶǰԵİȫһ㡣
ⶴбб£ֱһңҺӳſڵϣǰⶴ֮вҺ壬һѣõһţһȳֱǿףղǸûƤͷЩ϶µģҶĵĲС
ȻģȻˣۻȥֻŬǰš
ⶴͦģзңǰǿڵֻԼǰһƬĿռ䡣
ط䷿ӲīڵҲ̫յģûбĶǰһһСֱֱǰ߶ڳС䡣
ʱӳҲ˳ǰҲ𾪲СžֵͲգֻͨĲ֪ͨʲôطͳķϰټ䶼ࡣ
ӳֵͲһ¶赣Ȼ˵ڳЩͷˣǸǳһŪá
ڹŴҵģкܶﶼڸضǰҲıطδҲ̫˵㣬˵һ֧ҲǴ´࣬Ѳһڵµľ½氵š
طɽ֮Уڻȷʵױ˷֣棬Ҳ²ȻôĿռ䡣
໣
Һӳ´ʱǰͨͻȻһҵĽǽǽһĴ̶Һӳһ
ǵ£ִһ˵ŭ𣬽һŲԶȥʧ
ҺӳһۣղĺǶǳϤӢ۵Σ϶ʲô
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ղǵӰĶ̫죬ҲûпǵǸʲô⣬ĿȥǸ˵ӰӣôôĶ

ǵӰͨԱߵһ䣬ҺӳûüɿڰķͻȻֵĥݷЦһͷͣĿ


12 긽
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ЩҼѾ϶ˣطһرֻ֪λڵģģԤպĶɽ
Щ⼣ҾͿЩӰڽ𣬾Ҳû˶
ȻôıǸеԾڶ˵ҪҵղŶļһ
ֵͲһȦȴûа㷢֣ӳͷˮѲǶôƾʧˣ

Ҹӳ˼ʱͷͻȻֵЦ
ͷӳķӦҪһ㣬һ֣򷿼ȥͬʱֵȥ
ֻǸղվķϴʱһӰ
Ӱ˲࣬һ˭Ҳܾôڷϡ
ֻӰ֫ĸڷϣ˾һֻŵıڻһ
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Ҳ֪ЩܲܵסǸûƤļһֻôˣڰѱӳѲҪġ
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ֻžһŷֽһӾӳͷϣ۾һֱĳԹĿһۣһӾͱˣȻҵϡ
ȻӳѾҵϣҵֻҧء
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13 Ѫ
ҿһҪӲɣ
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һǺڵϵŴףŽġ
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ұ˫۾ûϽתͷٿְѵڵϵӳ
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֪ԼҪˣҪ۾˭֪ʱһƺȻǹԴ棬ϵָĳʳָָһ͵زǹ۾档
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۵һǹԴһֱӸӵڵ¾Ҳû˶Դʯͷϻͣ֨ҽС
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Ȼ˵Լʬһǵĵĺܣڿͣҵ˿ڣжĲУҪܻųȥҽˡ
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ұĶĿɿڴ֪ҪʲôֻǻûеҷӦȻ֣һѾץסҵ°͡
һָܳҲĳ棬һӸס°ͣҵŵϴֻŰ쵽棬ϵѪεδĶҵ棡


14 ͼ
Ӣϵ󣬱ҵ͸ͺϲϣѪҲܿ죬һ͹һ죬ûа취ֻùһȥ
£ɿ֣ϵı˿ڲá
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Ļһ£һǰԼѪסЩ꣬Ѫи˲һĵط
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ļҪﻹûʦµĺۼûĻ磬ӢǼһش
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15 
ͷһ߿ŵĴģ߶ֱ۰ڶϵļͷǻһԵˡ
ͷȥͷûʲôֱ֮ΪͷΪûнǣһֱ֮ͷһģһ
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ղű긽ʱԼĵġӳ֪ԼǱʯͷ׵ĺﲻƭ
ģôˤ߶ۡӳںһǿЦûлشǸʯͷǰߡ
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Ļǿһӣ˲ż鱾֮еƤƤѪд磡
ڵԴҳһţЩûһͷԴҲ벻ʦطʲôϵ
ÿ涼װŲٱףе滹ڷ͸õݣЩ׺ݵʮֵӴ󣬿ط϶ǵһΪԼµһ·
ʯͷǼߣʱǰѾû·һĴǸô󣬻ûߵǰҾ;һɳ˱Ƕ
ǵ棬ֻĵڷͷŮʬʯͷղġ
ɨһֻۣƮŲģӰЩӰʮеͷɢеһǣǵ϶һ
Щ꣬ʦѼģʦڣЩڵ¾ͳ֮
һЩ궼ǽǣҿƺΪľǣ֪ЩһǺϵķ
ʯͷǼһȻҲܹЩ꣬һǽɨһۣصķһߣӳȻǣҲЩͷͣ̽ͷ̽ԵĴ̽ţнסǹ
ʯͷûǼ꣬Ǵ˷һǣȻָŵ϶˵Ҿ﷢ֵǸ׹
һǵطĵһ̲ѪֻЩѪԵЩʱˣѾıɫڣвҵĽӡǽϻвٵĻۣһЩۼȷõ֮ģȻط϶һս
Щ򶷵ĺۼһֱӵ쵽棬⽻ֵʱ϶̣ĵЩѪǲʦµġ
ְһ飬ǵĽӡѪ֮Ҳûбõķ֣Ȼн֣ﶼұˣҲûбķֻ֣Ȼȥ
˭֪ʱҷЩԭԶԶǵƺЩ̫һղǶ㿪ԶȴǲͣƮԽԽ
ЩȻϵķվǵֵסѪ֮ջھȻǵ⡣
ЩʮȻϴŲʦķǿһе㷢ʯͷӳкһߣ
˶ᷨںϺӳͲƵطˣһǰ棬ߵķɿ졣
Ǹո˳ǸһͷһֻۣЩȻĲھȻںƮƮĸ
һڻͳŷֽ׼ЩһҪ׷ҾǼʶʶСү
һ·ˣЩһ·ĸ棬ֻҲҿ̫ʼձԶľ롣
ͨûۣЩģҿǶЩ궼ǰ֮ˣϵԹܴ󣬿ԩģȻÿ
һеƺǳ˳ģһԴѹϡãӶ棬ҲɵĶġ
Щûʵ壬ôЩ˶ĺµ״ǹóģҪ˿ܵɵˣСүôͨˣ
ʦ˵һ仰İĳٿЩ͸̨ϵСֲ࣬ҳô
ȻЩһǸߵЩĵûж󹦷ǻ˳ڴӳֽŲãҵȥʯͷĸ
Щ꿴ҪߣԵʮֵżһı˶ԴſֲĴ죬໽С
СϷôŵңһʱĶڣ˳ְѼŷֽ˶ϣһЩҲûа취׷ǡ
˼ȻЩΧڶڣ죬Ǿǲ׷ҵĳЩһһָֽŲõ˳ȥ
ʱ滹磬ǳ֮ƹѹסڣ滹в꣬Ҫȥǿɾͻˡ
ǳǰŷȻпյģֲøղŵʱǸܶڳ濴ҡ
ȻпյģҲܵģ׸ߣҲҪٽ汻ʯͷǼһ߳Ľӡ氵զ࣬һﵽǸʲôȻһžͰү߿
ڲ˼ŷֽȷЩﲻŰѳүĵ˹ѹסڡ
طѾûʲôõˣ˳ɽȥǾŮʬĵطͷǲɵ֣ѲǸŮ˵ͷǱʦģ
뵽һҪ飬ϽʯͷʵЩ˿Ƶģ̫ƽǸŮ˶ôСѵֹﻹܻвɣ
ʯͷҵģһ룬˵Ů˿϶Ǳɹ֮ǰͻˣֻеŮĹȱĹҪĶ̥࣬᲻ͣҲɹ
Ļҵ˵ͷЩֵЩô֪ģ
һʳҾЩڣͶ˵ǰǲˣҲǰʡ
˭֪ҵĻüͷȴǽ˵Ҳ֪ƺЩرϤҲŪбҪȥһկ


16 
һ˵ҪȥҵͷҲһʦ鱾ŵƤд磬ȻһȷʦȥľûƤѲϵʦҿ϶ˣټˣʦȥĿҲ͸
һ£Ȼתͷʯͷ˵ʲôʱߣһȥ
û뵽ҲҪȥʯͷһ£ԳĬ˵е֣Ҳûжʣǻش˵Ҫȥһ£ҪȥĻ㡣
ɽӳ˻ȥټϽ죬ѾڵĹǺƤֱܣкһͻȥˡ
Һʯͷ򵥵ĳ˵㶫˭֪ȴվָָͷ˵ͽˣߡ
û뵽һȻ˵߾ߣôɴ࣬죬ϰԵ˵Щ׻һ£ͻȻҸһĲǺ죬˵ˣʯͷһӣ˵ҲûȤ
Ȼһҵ˵ͷҪҵĵ绰룬˵Ҫȥ㡣˵תߡ
ǼڳͷϴĻҵ·ҸֵһﱳǰѺڵôȥĻ𳵡תһݣҾ˵Ǽ¡
ľӾôѾԴҷԴûа취װȥķ棬òһͻᷢ
Ūʵû˰취ԴʮȻһԵĶҵı䣬ԺһʰǣѾʼȥһ±ˡ
ȻʯͷǼһദֻһ죬ôһҸоȴе֣һһ
˯һʱͳʦǳµİԵ׹ԽԽõģϣʦǧҪ£ͬʱҲĸϼһ߾ߣҪҴкѽĵ
ڴϴ˰Ȼ뵽һˣ˾ʦʶ˲֪ˣ϶Ҹ֪ʦܣϴʱͷʲô
߳ţֱҽԺ̫ƽȥ̫ƽǷ˵ĵطԲܰϣ˶࣬˭ҲԸûطܡʱſڣ۾ء
ԶҵĽŲᣬͷˡ͵ʣµһֻ۾һۣʱֻƽʱȥЩǵ۾ȻһϬľ⡣
Ϣء˸к
ֻǰǴ͵͵ٰЩֵĶ˵ҪС
˰֣˵˼ˣȻҾһƨǰ
ҵĻùĿĴЦһƵʢľջһ
Һ˼䣬Ȼʵ㲻˵иʦܸҽʦֵǸʲô𣿡
ҵĻ΢΢һ㶣Ȼ˵ͷ˵ʦֱҪʮ꣬ҲǴСʦģһǿɱҪĶ࣬Ǹ˿ˮѰѨĿ߱죬ʦ޲ڡ
Ļҵ˵ͷʦı֪ģ̳ͽܲܲˣǸȻûмʦָʦȻѧٱ£ټһֱΪԼж˵ʦֵı±ǿҲûн⣬ֻЩֵʦֽʲôѽ
ʦָ㲻һʦʱϻĸһţ˵ǼӣŶģô˵ʦġ
˵ȴҡҡͷ̾ϢһʦǺӳӢͦΣʦϼһ̫ȡˣȡ˸֡
˵⣬۾ɳˣʦֵԭ󴸣
һ֣һֱޱȵĴʦʱ͵˲٣תһȡȷʵҲʦķҽʦֵҲòȥ
һ˻ԴЦһ£Щ߰Ķиӵ֣ʦּȻôڣôһʦĽΪʲôôʦȴһҲûҵǰλʦأ
ľ϶ʦֵĳйأСĵʵ֪֪ʦʲôҪߣһ߾ôûл𣿡
ҵĻ̾Ϣһһ٣ƺڻ뵱龰Ȼſڶ˵ʦʲôã̫ߣһֱʦֵ´ţһžˣʦʱòС
˵Ƿһ̾Ϣ˭֪ʦһȴҲûлʦ㣬ʦߺĵ꣬ʦҴҵʦﻹһŷ⣬ʱҾڸǰۣװŵһƤҲ֪ʲôƤӣƺдʲô֣۾ãҲû
ҵ濩һӣгƤʮа˾žʦмŵһƤ
ʱ˵ʱȻûϸǵ˼ʦӦȥʲô鷳ֻʱ㻹Сʦ߲ûа취ȥ
ʱ̧ͷЩֵĶ˵ҲʹʦʦֵôˣϼһÿζһһԣҲûʣԺҲûʦ֡
ڵҾúЩѣоԼԽԽӽˣһʦֵʧٻſֲƤѪ鶼Ѳ˸ϵҽŵļ½
˵ʦȥһʱϺˣʦ˵˲ٻźʲôʲôģҲʦۣûˣǲҹʮа˾ġ
ҽŵȭͷսˣƺҪˮ棬ʦֺʦʧ٣ʦ϶һҲ֪Ĵܣһķ򶼻۵կ
뵽Ҳ̲סˣ˵ȥһ
ҵĻסˣ˰ŵ˵ͷ˵Ҿ;ЩʮֵĹ죬ҪǲŪⱲӶ̹ȥһҲãҪҵʦϼһһҪ鱻ҺȾơ
˵˶٣Ȼʵʲôʱ
һﻹͷûдưȫҲҪʮʱ䣬ټϻҪʯͷǼһңҪˡ
Ҷ˵ҪҲŶ˵ͷǵطȫɽ֣ĵطǺȥЩ˶ģҪȥǧҪ׼ãߣʱһ鵽ȥҩģøһ·
ЩԾû뵽̫ƽ˿ţȻʶȥҩĶӣͷȻͦصġ
ҵ˵ͷ˵Ǿллˣߵʱ֪ͨҾС
ҵ˵ͷʱɫѾˣǾ˻ȥֻûпתʱƵȴǸֳһĨЦݡ
ҴûЦĻ϶֣ϧǣڱͲܿЦݡ
΢΢һϵƶÿһƺʲôܣֻʣµһֻ۾Ȼһɡ


17 ̽
ҴҸ͹ݳԵ㶫ھʣһˣˣÿζǳԣʦµǮ㹻һġ
ʱѾĺڽ˵㶫ҾҪؼң˭֪վӣԱһ˵ȴҵע⡣
ûйģֻ˵棬㣬ŷѧĹ̽ľͺá
Ҹͨ˲һСʦû˱Ҹϵûй仰Щֵת
ֻҲԶĵطһ긾ŮһǰߣղŵĻǸ˵ġ
ɨһۣеĲʮ꣬һͷһ֪ʲôһһ߸ߵ긾Ů˵ʲô
طֻܿǸ˵Ĳ棬ӦǱȽӢģϵЦݣҾ;һЩһǻܲ׵ĸо
ˣԺӣס죬Сޣһ۾ͼһСվҴͷⲻҿˣҼͷӶƼˡǸŮɫ㲣˵ʱϳ˽ŸС
ҾȤֻŮüͷ֮ڣһ֣ܾܿ˵һ˲ɾĶ
㣬ҵģϸûйһ쳣󶼿ͨѧͣģһġ
ŮĻŽɵĵ˵ͷ˴æǰȥҿǵıӰ뻹Ǹȥ
ҲǸµˣǸղŮ˵϶ײʲôɾĶߵǸˣҿǸʲôüһ϶ƭǮƭӡ
ʦ˵˾ǻ£οŮǲɾĶһ˸͸㲻Ȿ£ܰͰһѰɡ
Ҿ͸ֻҸ̫ǷͲˣҶൣˣߵúܿ죬Ͳע⵽û˸١
һ·򶫣ߵ˳ǽһƬطƽûвǨӦЩͷˣǽеһ
ǶСԺ΢΢һֻԺھǰ棬ǰһСӣСʱǰ΢䣬һΡ
üͷСӣԺڵλÿɲôãǰкӵûʲôͬһѱ˸ĹһͲˡ
ˮѧֽɷǰֵˮ·ţһѿ֮һѪ֮֡
˵ˮ϶кܶ˲ЩĶΪǷ⽨ţӦɨʷѵɣǷˮ˵һҵϢϢصġ
ĩڴأ峯ʱ޽Բ԰Բӵò飬һֻ̾ᣬɱ彭ɽ곤ãǵʵȴԲ԰ŵһţ˴԰ˮҲ˴֮֮󱬷ѻƬսҰܣҵһ
˵ˮ֮޻̸֮ǵھǧʷĻĲƸ
ؼзˮڵϣɽ֮ƣԴӹŵ񣬲լլ÷ˮΪѡ
ʦúӣˮһҲ̸Ҳٶ˵Ǵʦ־ͨľǷˮѧ
ɷʲô̫µĶԶ˵Ӱ첢ҲǻᾭĿȻ㣬ǾԲΪ
뵽ҾüͷҪ⿪űҪȥԺƽ⣬ֻҸ˸ͲϤҪôܽȥأ
վſڣŮ˵طҲûм죬ӦöطھҲϤߵǰ̧˼¡
˭ѽһǸŮ𣬸Ҵš
ʱҸúܽԣʮֵŮ˵üһ֣Ǽ˹еף
ҲɫЦЦ˵̺ãھӣҼˮܻˣǯӡ
ҵĻŮһ㶣Ͻ˵ееģȽᣬҰȥá
߽ԺӣһȻԺиĵطһĵطƺһԹ
ѽⴰϵĻСһͻ죬ҹȥе}ˡ
ǸղŽǸ˵ģЩ߽䣬ֻݵŴţվ棬һǰǸˣһǸˣǸŮ˵ɷ
ǿСҹǴͷԱߵľӵԭ򡣡
濴һֻۣҴͷԱһױһӣһһ¼ܡ
ʱǸֿˣ⾵ߣ¼ұߣǰҹվڴͷСʵԼ·ĵӰ
⻰ԵЩɣС˵ǿȷʵǸСѽ
ĻǸ˳ŵһЦ˵ûйģ˵һְҵĹ̽ҵĹÿѧνļ¼ҿǽӴܶͻģ㲻Ҫҵı¡
˵һ٣Ȼָָڵλã͵Ϊз磬ڵƶСһԴĵһʱ䣬ǵĴԾǱ˼ĸһСһۣ׾ͰѱĶĶԵһӦԲõģǾ仰ûйģֻ˵
һڲźܺãҪǾЩ򽻵ԻᱻһסȻǷĻ֮ɫҲôˣ˵ͷʵôշѣ
׼ۣһ٣ۣлл˵˻Ͻ쵽ڴ棬ҪǮһʱҲĵ⣬ŷ˵ֶ˵˾Ǹ⣬Ҳ˵ĲҲԭᱻĲĥʹǽ⿪˾ûˣҾǰǽ⿪Ľˣ´λҪӭҡ
һ⵽Ƿı飬ੲݣ־ҪȥӷǮ
˵ʵһⷿҾ͸оԾ棬ΪҴоһɺŨԹԹֻС
ֻһۣҾͿˣҷ¹һʲôһССΣһҲ̫
Ȼڻ֪⾿ʲôԲǸһ˵ﰵʾãⷿвɾĶ
ŷѾǼһƵȫˣҲ̲סˣ˹ȥŷ˵ģⷿвɾĶ
һȥ˶һûзӦǼһﵹǶ䳰ȷϣð˵вɾĶҳѽ
ģƺЩջҷ˵Ļûһߵ¹Աߣһѽ¹סȻ˫¹һѾͱҸƵˡ
Ǹһ񿴷һĿңǿ¹ĶʱʱͱĲҰޱȣ


18 СŮ
ǹӵĺǽǽĵطе㲻һΪطµģȻˢȥûжá
ֵǣƬ棬ȻһѪɫӰ
ǸӰһ׸ߣǽһΪǣӰ滭ȥģģҸհѹӷŵһĳ䡣
ʵսݵʱҾŵǹɳֻζܵһ˸Ųҳڸʬ򽻵ԶʬζرС
ǸѪɫӰԵǸСӣܿһ黨ȹӵСŮվһ˫۾ֱҡ
Ůһֻܹ꣬
ʱǸԳƹ̽ļһﶼѾǰ龰ŻˣǼһﳯҺ⡭ʲô
ҶһĸоãûѾɵ˵ķ˵ס˶ˣ
ǷڱŵùǺҲ֪ǸʲôģϽʵĻش𣺡ԺǸպ죬ļҾ߶ûü
Ļҵ˵ͷıܹûѣôǽĹŹֿϸûйϵ
ǽʲô֪ģŸǰǸСŮֱֻңһ˫۾Թ֮ɫҸҪ˵ʲôСŮȴתǽ֮С
˸ʹȥǽڵģֻй꣬ǸСŮʬǽ֮С
ղ˫Թ۾Щģ֮ˣԹĺܣ쿴Ҫһ鷳ˡ
ðѸͷСŮʬ϶ǽ棬ҪȰŪ˵
Ƿ͸ɵˣҵĻ˵ûиͷвУ
ֻǽŪﻹʲô鱸ͷǶ˵ͷⷿϽ˳ȥһһ鱵ݵ
ǸԳƹ̽ļһѾɵˣǽϵǸѪɫӰ˿ĭʵ⡭⵽ʲô
һ׼ǽڣе鱾ȥ
˵һǽ涼שͷ鱺ҿģһȥǰǽھƿһ󶴣һɶ˱Ƕ
ǿɳһֻһǽֻһ㱡ˮ࣬ҿ֮¶һ󶴣һںڵĶ¶ڣ˵ͷ
Աߵ˿ͻȻ¶ͷŵòСĵİԱߵˮ඼ҿʱһ黨ȹӵСŮǰ
СŮվŵģӱ⵽ǽ棬ͷʹţͷɢģȻѾмˣ嶼ѾʼףõĶ˱ǡ
ҲеܲζϽڿڴһŷֽղҿСŮ꣬ǺģԹҲұ֤ᷢʲô
ʱǷѾ׸ɵˣֱð亹ɫ԰׵ߵҸǰͰ͵˵ⲻҡҲ֪ѽûϵ
ҵȻ֪ûϵҪο䣬˭֪ԱߵǼһȴˣһﵨӻͦȻҲŵɫףǰ˼ޱȵǽСŮд˵Ǹѽ
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氵һùǼһɵһĲֻ֪ó˹ȥֻСŮۿҪ˵ǰˣ鼱֮£̧һǼһɨ˹ȥ
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һŰǼһ߿ͰеùΪŮʧȥĿ꣬תҾˡ
ʱŵùֽһѵһӾܳ˷䣬ڵϵǼһҲ֪ɵ˻ôһҺǸŮ
Ů˹Ͷ˹ȥ˳һߵǼһƨϣĺҪ͸Ͻȥ̫ҹ˲㣡
һߵƨɣǼһعƨľȥֻһĵͦģûܣվſڣҡ
ûйΪǸСŮ׷˹ҸϽڷתȦܣһһڿڴī߸˳
Ҫī߰СŮסȻͷˣСŮһֱҵƨ׷ҸͲͣ
˼Ȧͷ϶ˣһƳſڵǼһ̽ͷ̽ԣҲɵһɵ󵨣˿龰ûŷҲжԶܶԶˣһȻſڿ֡
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ҷĲ٣ϽִСŮǰʱҺǼһһ˳īߵһͷȻ͵һתī߻سһӾͲ׷СŮ
īߺϸⶫī߸ոСŮһҽУͨһͷԵ˵ϡ
ʱϽܹȥ˶еīСŮָ˼Ȧ
ʱСŮѾīסȻǲͣ໹ֽУѾûʲôϵⶼѾʼãеĶϳһһţͣźѪ˱ǡ
θһķڣû³ſھʹ۵һǼһﵹˡ
һ£ҵǲˣϾͣʬǸŮʬǰСŮҪĵĶ࣬Ѿ˵ֿˡ
ڶͳһžһŮԴϣֽһȥ֨ҽеСŮͰı۾һҲ
۾ıϣҷеǹѾʧĴһ˿ãȻͿ
СŮ϶Ǳ˺ģһƳĻǵʱҪúõ
ͳֻͨӳĵ绰֪ͨҵλãΪӣҹƾӦһܵˡ
ʱһ͸ŵò֪ܵʲôطȥˣھ֮ǰСŮĻǸúõǱ˭ġ
ͳһŷֽǸųƹ̽ļһȻԸһҰСŮ㶫ҲȷĻǻ᲻ˣֽ
һĵӹȻ˵ŵףǾǲߣҲǸļļһ
ѷֽҾͲǰסСŮԴл䣬ʳָָüͷ꣬Ҵһ
ֻһ̹СŮĶͷð˳ڵϣһСŮվǰСŮϵһģһ꣡


19 ʦͽܣ
һСŮ壬ҵסһŷֽͻȻҷ
ǳϵǣһСŮһȫû˸ղŵԹ׶ģʹԴȥ˾úܿ
ҿûй˼Ҳ˵СԺȻҺˣҽ첻㡣
ѿܹļ꣬ԱߵļһȴһҲСŮĻǣʱҶſ˵ãֻһᣬһƺʲôðһͷ亹
һ϶֪ҸǰһֻĹ꣬ԲŻôš
壬ұ𡣡
˭֪ʱǸСŮĻȴͻȻ̧ͷûиղŵɷǵһ˫ԲԲ۾ÿ˵֮⡣
֪СŮ֮ˣҰٷ֮ʮǱ˸ģȻǽġ
СŮĻҽʵ˭˭˵ģԸңһᾯˣһתǵġ
СŮҵĻ֮󣬻Ķ˵ľ
ԭСļҾڸⶰԭסһʮĵ֮ǰСﾭطǸ˸˽ǿԺɱˮ⵽ǽġ
СŮ˵Ŀ޵˵ģһᾯ춼ˣһǵģһѺĻ쵰ץġ
лл塣СҵķԸҾһ
ӣҺȻˣС֮ˣ벻˵ظֻؼƮֱɢ
ôҾĻǸռһУܱȻɢҪúܶ࣬Ҷ˵λ꣬ظò˶ͻɢԸ𣿡
СԴһ£Ȼҵ˵ͷڿڴóһľ˵ȸɡ
СҵĻһһɫ⣬ľ֮ϣСĵİľڻŻؼҾͰСС
ʱſڴһԶӳеĴɤţȻһȺȫܵˣһϵСŮʬ壬˼
ӳսˣǰǴ۽磬ʱı־ͺöˣߵҵĸǰСʵôһ£
СŮ˵Ķ˵һ飬ھǿʼֳӳȻûȥ¼ڹ˸кҪߣʣµĿɶǾĹˣҲڳ
㲻ߣȻȥ¼¿ڹ
ͬ־ֻ·ѽҿûаëǮĹϵͷҰɡ
һͷһֻۣǸԳƹ̽ļһߣȴӳˣֲֳһʶˣӳ϶׵ķȥ
һ￴һͷҴĺλ˵˵ѽ֪ģҿûϵѽ
Ļһ£һôֵ֪ģĸûʲôϵӳ˵ͷ
ҵͷӳŷһ
ſڣҿһ˵ʲô˹ȥǷļ
һعͷһңĳ֮ɫСĵңʲôԸ
ҶЦһ£˵ԺӹҲסˣҪǻסȥĻҽſڷһʯҵʯͷ
Ժɷõİ취ſڷһʯҵɷ
˭֪ҵĻǷȻһڵ˵ܳ˱ڣȱ˴µԺӣһסȥ
һԵĽ챻ŵòᣬܼûҡҡͷŻؼҵķȥ
˲ԶҾЩԾعһֻǸԳǹ̽ļһʮԶĵطĸҡ
üͷţֵ𣿡
ҵĺһЩεĿҲأ˹
һЩ˼ץץͷͻȻſ˵ͽܣ㵱ʦ
ĻЩ񣬹˰ŷӦԾĵ۾˵ʲô
ͽܣһִ˵һ顣
ҿ棬ͻȻеһһͱҶҪϼ꣬ǽǵһμ棬ȻҪҵͽܣ鲻ڿЦǼΪġ
ʵڲ֪˵ʲôֻÿЦһΪʲô
˭֪ҵĻһıȿϻȻҴ󵹿ˮѽҽʮˣʮҶûмҲûлɹйҴСһᶨߣڵĹһ̽Ҳÿѧİ취ȥҳЩĹ
һµ˵һѣЩܲˣһε˵Щָʲôϵأ
˭֪ҵĻһԵļҺ㶮һֱᶨûйʮѽûɹ
˵һ٣һ˫۾ĶңЩε̾һһȫˣǰȫˣôйأ
һĻѾ϶ӦһԸƫִļһԼۣһ˸ƣЩһͻоܲˡ
һŪ⵽׸ΪʦаëǮϵ˵кܶδ֪ǰ֪һȫȷģҪоη֮ģϾͷ仰ǿѨ磬ѽ㵽ΪʲôҪΪʦ
ȻЩԾŰʦоҺá
һﶢңȻ󿪿˵Ҿ϶ѧ㶫ô˵ҲǸְҵ̽ѽǰûмԸ˼ȥҺƣۼˣԺҺҲѽûѧ㶫СʦһӦò׬Ǯɣ
һĻסˣԭΪһǸۺеƫ꣬û뵽ΪʦԭΪ׬Ǯ
ұһƵЩͷΣ˵Ҳϲ˷ϻԶ˰֣Ҳͽܵģݰݡ
˵תߣ컬ļһûʲôøеġ
˭֪Ҹոתʹͨһ죬ԾϽعͷһֻһʱȻ˵ϣ̿ͷ˵ţʦҰɣҪǲңҽͰͷá
ԲۣһǸˡһͷڵϷҸһϽܹȥһѱס˵Ǹʲô
һͷĺˣˣʵ벻ͨһΪʲô׽ôȤڵϣ˵
˵˵
˭֪һﵹͦš˵ȴӦ㲻ӦҾͲ
û˼ҲûŪָҿͷϽ˵УУҴӦ˻𡣡
һ䣬һһӾվһҲûҾһ˵ݼʦ
һֻпЦһ£һƤЦĴյҸǰʵСʦʲôֻûиء
Щֵ㲻Ѿ֪𣿡
һץץͷƤֵ˵֪֣ʲôԺȥҲñš
ʱҲ֪ղԺһֻϰߵĽһڽҵ֣ͷ˵־ͽд
ҵĻһһ㶣˵СʦĲˣͷˣֶҡ
תߣһҺ棬ĺܳСʦ㲻дɣֿԵ


20 ׼
һ߶ǣұͷˣңֻͣ½Ų˵ôˣҸʲôҪؼϢˡ
ҵĻһûа㲻˼ƤЦ˵ҶͷˣԺʦˣҵȻҪʦҰݷһѽ
ұŪúû뵽Ҫ˵ʲôһ͵һԴһˣʦҪͰʦġ
˵ವһ¾ܵ·С̯ϣϣһһ˹
Ҳ̰ͼ˵Ķһһֻϣ滹ǺݺݵıһѣϼһʮǮһϱӾǿġ
ҶһѾȫû˰취ɴţû󹦷סĵط
һһݣЩԾ˵Сʦסط
Ӧסģ
Ϊָ˲סլɽû뵽Ȼôӵ
ҡҡͷûϷŵϣȻ󱧳һ˵ʦҵģߵЩڿˣԵϡ
ָָû󹦷һŵϸпˣ˳Բһһϴһ£űȥ˵СʦҸűˡ
šҴӦһµ˵ͷ䣬ȻоЩͷ뵽ʱһѾŵ˱ϡ
Ҫں˳ֻѾˣֻѾһ˿˿ĺð˳
ҵĺһûü䣬תͷң⣿
֪ѾˣֻεĶ̯̯֣һΪڹ˵˾ģתͷȥ
ʯͷͷŮ˵ģһǸûƤĹģղһˣڱҲˣ˵ʲôѾˡ
ֻǼһһתͷӾ͵һİžߴڵϣˤϡãǼһﻹһֱȥʱ䣬һӲŻ˼Σ͵Ȼֱӱ˹ȥ
߰п࣬ϽܹȥסŵذϣԴǸûƤĹģҹ˭ͻȻҲԲһֻˣûӾ㲻ˡ
ҸϽѱŸϣְһϵɳϣȿϣȻߵǰֱۣҿĺݺݵĳơ
ôһδ˶⣬оƳϷȻһֿУʯͷǼһڲرӳʱҲЩš
ƹȥǼһﻺ۾΢һ£ȻƨϾװ˵һһɳϵܵſڣȻعͷɫףһ˫۾ңЩѵһڿˮ˵㡭ôͷ㵽Ǹʲôģ
ҿЦһ£˵Ҳɱ˷ġ
һԵĲģһ˫۾Ķңһ̾ͻɱħͷʬˡ
ֶֻ̯˵⼸ͷ˶ˣԾǽ
ҵĽͣһﻹǽŽɣֻ˵ղǵطߵľ̾ӵӳ˰ɡ
ղֳҪңӳǾԲôһģһ˵ƺˣǸŵùǺһĭĴָ˵СʦȻͣⶼš
һûüشһߵɳǰһץղµףһӻ˵СʦټϵطʵڴȥҰ㡣˵ͷҲᣬҴҵľˡ
һܵĸһ죬оЩЦȻԼʲôû룬һԴһľ˳ǸСŮꡣ
ľʦ˵й٣ڳɽһľڴûм⣬أʺ棬Сľõġ
ҰǽľóǸСŮģԹ̫أҰڼϣ㣬һһĻȥСŮ֮ϵԹ
ŪһѾˣʰһ¾ϴ˯
һģ첻ҾͱŪˣһֻǼһվſڣŶƤЦ˵СʦѽҸ͡
ԭΪһѾ˵ӣأ˭֪һľˣǱȹƤҩճˡ
ֲЦˣ˼һĸͣܲܰٸϳȥֻ÷ֻʱ̲ס˼۱䣬һﱻŵѾӰ
緹ŹҪȥǵطɽ֣Ҫҵ磬Ʒ¶ⲻ˵ģҪǰ׼һЩװȥרװĵط˼Ȧ
ѡװǼһЩֵңСʦҪѽ
ҵ˵ͷ˵Ҫȥ˭֪һ֮ͷŹˣ˵Ҹȥѽʦ
˵ﻰʵںһ춼ͷʦˣȻͽܣҲö䵭˵ҪȥҸϽ˵УУȥɲɽˮģҪ飬ΣգŲá
֪һ˵Σգһ͸ˣ˵СʦľУҾԲңСҾȥɽȥ̽̽գҵˣģԼķԼ
ⲻǮ⣬ĻΣգ㡭
ҲµģҲԲϺȵģİɡһᶨر飬ҺȻоһʱҲ֪ôܾˣһΪĬˣ˵ƤЦʵʲôʱѽʦ
氵еùôţƤһļһ˦˦ˡ
ֵ˰£ʣµͷҲȫˣһＸÿ춼ܣżһｲСļɻ䡣
˰ʦټʱദҷ˵컬һ㣬ǱʻǸˣʱʲôֻҪпգҶһ¡
ǸСŮѾС͸Ҳôʦûа׽УҪ֪ЩСҲҪǼʮġ
ʱҵſͻȻһ죬űֱӸƿˡ
һ¸Щջ𣬸Ҫòļһǵҿˣû˻ĲǱˣʯͷǼһ
ʯͷǱѾˣһȥȻͣǲǸط죬ɽ󶼾ͨһжᰲȫܶࡣ
ʲôʱߣһսݣƨɻûȣûиҺһ䣬ſʲôʱ
֪ӣҲû⣬˵ѾϵһȥչҩĵĶ飬Ǹһɽ⼸ͻϢ
˵ͷ˵ʱһ̽ͷ̽ԵʵСʦ˭ѽ
Ҹ˵һѣϴһЦߵʯͷǰкãҽ裬ա
ʯͷһ£Ȼֻ˵֣Ӣۡ
һֵǼһɵˣ˰ŷӦСĵʵȷⲻţ


21 
ʯͷ֮סˣֻϴΣҲҸһ˯һŴˣǰʦĴʰ˳죬֪ͨǣ˵ǵչҩĵĶǸϽ׼Ȼһ绰롣
ҺʯͷϽ׼Ǽһģ˭֪øһ͵͵˦ڼǰͰˣûа취ֻȥˡ
һ绰룬˵Ҵ绰ϵҲͨ˵绰û뵽ӵ绰ľȻǸŮģදԲˡ
ұŮ˵һ㶣û˵ʲôǱߵŮ˵ȿˣܵģһȥ𣿡
ҸϽ˵ǣ绰ŮһȻʵǼˣƱϰ˵Ļ𳵣ʱǻվ
ҸϽ˵˼лĻŮ͹Ҷ˵绰ЩڴôŮ˲֪ôҪиŮһ·ȥ⵹һ£ôԶţǵֵطôŮˣЩ֡
ȵ࣬˼򵥵ĳ˵㶫Żվȥߵҵʱͳ绰ͨǸŮ˵ĺ롣
մͨһֻҸϽͷһֻһŮվԶĵطֻһ˻֡
Ů˴һѼñмһīסˣǿĳ࣬ӦǱ׼Ĺ¶Ƥܰףϸ壬ӦǸŮ˵
ŮһңҲ࣬һɾİ׳һţп㣬û˵
ϱһаԱ߻ˣһʮҵͷͷˣһҲԵ̬Ļһ˫۾ߵ̫Ѩ΢΢һ֪Ǹ֡
ˣһһĺװīᣬȥڲ࣬һǸ꺺ӡ
Ǹ꺺Се㹭ӣһ˫εۣʱĵ￴һۣҪжֻһۣͶһûаĺøС
ŮҴкҸϽܹȥ˵ãҽ
ҵ֣ŮԵһ£ԱǸһ¾Ц˳Ǹī˵ƤҲ鴤˼¡
еΣ֪Ҫ˵ʲôҺǸŮ˷Ӧ˹֣˵ãҽܸʶ㡣
֣ҸϽһ£Ů˵ָϸܳܰףȥо
ԭôƯһŮȥɽȥҩľ֣ǽһ̸Ҳ֪Ů˾Ȼһ˵ӡ
˵ڱҩģÿ궼Ҫȥչһҩģǵطɽкܶûеҩڵص棬ȥЩҩģǰ״ӣһ
ȻҽˣǸʮ˽˫壬۾н֣ΰ֣Ǹޱȵļһֽʷ
ɨһǼһݵĸһаӰӣǰϹôˡ
ҲϽǽʯͷ裬ֻʯͷֵʱŮҲ̲סЦˡ
ЩΣû취˭ôֻ֣ʯͷǼһﻹһᣬɨһǣǸ˫ͷʱüë΢΢һ£ȿʷǼһʱüͷ
Ҹû⵽ı仯ֻ˫̧ͷʯͷһۣĿǾ衣
˼䣬ʱҲժ۾ժ۾һ̣ȫסˣ벻Ů˾ȻĻҪƯ
Ҳٴǣʵ˵ʵкܶಢôÿǻױˣжױҪԶˡ
ǰһŮûаΣ޶ˣ͵ġ
ҿһ;ԼƤʼ̣ϽεĿһתͷȥ
ֻʯͷվԱߣɫһʯͷһͲһˣֻڱһûϢɴ۾գҲգĶǰ˼ǿһ
۽һƳֻʱüͷǽһһƾȵһĺϣһȵİһ
ǰӣһЦ˳ЦݼֱŮÿ˵˼
û¡Ұ˰֣ߵԱߵĵ¡
ҿһﻹֱĶһţ˵еϢвҶۡ
˭֪һһҲƤЦĴյҸǰ˵ʦ˵զģôôƯһ·ˡ
ұӵһһۣҵʯͷǼһҲҵԱߣڻ𳵻ûվҪȻᡣ
һŤͷԱߵʯͷüͷƺʲôЩֵôʲôԾ𣿡
ʯͷҵĻǱһۣȻ˵ǸͷǸ֣Ӧò֮¡
ʯͷǼģһʯͷĺҹһܴû⣬û뵽Ǹ˫ͷȻܵõʯͷôߵۣҲɵĶۡ
Ǵ˼ң˫˵壬Ҳһġ
˭֪ʱʯͷ˵ˣֵĻǸˡ
˳ʯͷȥֻŵǸʷˣǼһڰЬҲˣϣҲ˱˵ĸܣͣĶʱڽŵװصĴ꼸£ģҪжҪһʼĽܣҴҲǾȻһġ
Ůôʷļһһ
һĸС㣬ʷǼһԵľײСҪһﻹرôнأ
ôһ룬Ҳ֣ʯͷʵǼһʲôֵģ
ζһζ
ʯͷĻҾˣ˵ʲôζҸղҲûǼһŵʲôζѽ
һ뵽ɽϣһڰɽŵɽĳζҲͲˣһııȹ顣
ʲôζֵ
ζζ
Ļһζ⣬ζô£ѲһǸˣûзְ쳣ѽ
ʯͷһۣ֪ˣ˵˵ĲˣϷζζҲУǾ˴򽻵ġ
ǼһﲻˣһЩʯͷһıôôá
תһ˵Ҳζ;еŤԺҲСˣ򾭳˴򽻵մȾҲͻԽԽŨɲʲô¡
ζ֣ǶǸʷļһôҲζһﵽǸģ
ϵζҪŨĶࡣʯͷʱ˵һ䡣
Ļ͵̧ͷʷȥҲҿ˹һһﳯһЦ¶һںڻƵ


22 Ĺ
ҲɫĶ˵ͷתȥҲŵʯͷʵ˵Ǹʲôģ
ʯͷĬƬ̣ҡҡͷ˵ȷҿ϶˾ȥĹѨҪȻϲܴôŨζ
ĹǼһһۣЩԾ
ʯͷ˵ͷ˵ٷ֮ʮ
治ɵ֣կȥҩģôӣЩ˵Ǹʲôģ
һǸŮˣҲ΢Цųҵ˵ͷ
ȻʷǼһпǸӣһҸе֣תһ룬Ҳ˼ǰɹϴֲҲ˵
²ܵȥʣȻɣҲֻܳĬ˴ԼСʱ𳵵վǼǰϳƱǵףȻתͳȥˣ˵ǷٶԶɽһկ
ͨڻϵĽ̸Ҳ֪ڵˣѾʲôˣϾɽȱڵĽֱͨ˶Ѿ߳ɽ籣ϵˡ
ôһ˵濩һ£Ȼ˶߳ɽûˣôʦµƤдô£Ҫȥң
˭֪ʱǸһֱ۾ڻѰŮʷȴͻȻ˵ҲûУڻмկɽͷֻ˲֪ˡ
һô˵治⼤Ͻʵ֪ʲôط𣿡
˭֪ûңǽĶڳһŮƨɣͷһ촽ٺٵЦ˵һ䣺ƨɵӣ
ұļһһ뷴һʱ仹ȵҲ١
ڻҹȵ˼Ǽ˶Ҫſˣһ³ҲŸ·ˣϽ˼õס
ҲûԶߵ¥˷򵥵ĳ˸裬ͷ˯˵ģΪϵֱ̫ҪˣͻᱳۣѾҹˣʵǶס
һԺҲ֪˯˶ã۾ʱ򣬷ѾȫֻһѾʮˡ
ҸоԼĶӶڴ׼ȥԵ㶫סõ겻ҲСʩͦȫģڲ֪ôģȻīڣһյƶû
ҿֶ˶ţǹĵȻûа㷴Ӧ氵һʲôùݣصƾȻ顣
Ȼûеƣ˸оеɭҲǵСˣ¥ݿھ˹ȥ
¥ݿҲһţ¥صƹҲˣһûߵǰͣסӣΪҿ¥ݿڴھȻһյС㣡
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ǸС㣬Ҹһ벻ôùɣҼùסҲõ̫˰ɡ
¿ڴִŴ׺ͷֽأŰ٣¥ݿ˹ȥֻҾŵһ̵ζ
ԭڳ̣
亹һѣ⼸ȷʵ˵㣬㵽ڶЩ񾭹ʲôΪˣ¥ݿڳ̡
ûеƹ⣬ҿ˭ֻĿһźӰ¥ϣĲ̣һĺ̸ˣղŵС̸Ϸġ
Ҹտͼ˶תͷ
һתͷҪǰҸһΪ˵۾˲һ˵۾ҹͿ˵һ˫۾ȻɢɫĹâͬè۾ҹ﷢Ĺһ
˫۾һҲ˵Ѳˣ˸ҵϢѪһѽôôһ˫۾
ҸҪͳֽͻȻҴкϣС磬ѽҹҲ˯𣿡
ЩϤһ£Ǳ˵ģǸһ·ʷ
Щļһôôص£ҹĲ˯Լֵ̣ܳǣһôôһ˫۾
һҾͷˣЩˣϻ𳵵ʱƺ֪Щص絽ʲôطڻһ·ĲУһֱûǸûᡣ
ҲȥԶˣߵǰʷ磬û뵽һԺ̸Ǻòͣԣ˵Сͦģƺĺ𣿡
һ룬ƺȷʵЩ⣬ϽǸ˵ϣ㶺ˣ
ҸĿڣһ˵عЦҹƾУôû˽й磬Ϊһ̫ˡ
һʼͲǺϲһΪʵǸߵһ˱ӵˡ
ϣûбˣҪߵǰ
һ£һɳ˱ǶûҸѬ£ҵͷһһȻֹֻţѽѾӷЬϷŷ硣
ǿųһһͰĺ̸˵ݵҸǰ˵һڣ
ҸϽһ֣˵ÿҲᡣ
Ȼ룬˸ͷʵ磬ϵĲ˯һ̣ѽ
˭֪ҵĻûлش𣬷ʵ㲻Ҳû˯ѲҲ˼
ֻεץץͷ˵Ǳѵġ
ʷһﱻҶǹЦȻ˵ȻǱѵģҹȥҶԣҸǰྣ϶ʲôң˵ɣ֪Ҷش㡣
ұһ㶣û뵽һȻôֱӣû뵽֮¾Ȼϸ˼˵ϣҲòҴţֱʵȻһġ
ҵĻֵˣ˰һ̣̺̻ڵϿĳȻһ˫˲һģ̹۾Ķңͳɤӣ˵ǲǸһ𣬴ҶȥĹô᲻֪
⻰ҳԾСΪ仰͸¶ϢС˵ȻҩĵģҪʲôĹ
ҺȻһĹֻǵʱҲûע⣬ִʷϢҵ治ɵĿһӡ
Ǵʦֵʧ٣ʦѲĹϵʮа˾ţͳ˿صĹ档
Ҳ֪һĹʲôĿģǵطڿҲҪȥһˣҶʷʵ˵һֱ˵չҩģһΪһء
ʷȴҡҡͷ˵ҵ򵼣Ϊֻ֪Ĺʲôطֻҡ
ЩСϽʵɲԴһȥ
˭֪ȴҡҡͷ˵ҴӦǣֻǵĹñͬУزܻ
Ļ̲סʧ˵ֻ֪ĹλãҲ֪٣û·ççɽҪѰ絽Ĺڴ롣
ʧޱȣҪҪ͵͵ĸٵʱʷȴصĳЦһ£˵Ȼ˵ˣҿ԰͵Ĺ֮ٻǣҲŵˣҵĴ·Ǻܹġ


23 
һӦȥˣиˣǮǶС⣬ʦµǮҶ֪ôء
Ҷ˵Ǯ⣬Ҫ٣
һһƣһ£˵ʮ򡣡
ҹһҪһ򣬱Ͼ·Ҳʲô飬û뵽ȻſھҪʮʮǮȻ࣬Ƕ˵ʲô⣬ʹӦ
һЩ֣ʵΪʲôô϶Ĺһ֪
ʷ˫ڰҹ֮з̹۾һ㶣Ȼɳɤ˵Ϊ˶ˡ
ͳɳƣЩëȻҲӹҵĺģʵô£
˭֪ʷȴֿ˿̸ˣվ˵̫ˣϢɣˣǮҡ˵ת߻Լķ䡣
΢յıӰҲΪһļһп϶кܶܣš
˫ܹںҹ﷢̹۾Ȼʦ˵һ£ʦ˵еۣܹеҪ˸ۣҵ۾ʦġ
һЩˣԼۡ
һЩعˣԼԼۣΪԺǾܹɾĶܶΣգǰĵĹ˻Լۡ
ֱµ˷ǳ٣ַΣգʦ˵ҪҪѻ۾Ȼٷü־綾ҩ
Ǽҩﶼо綾ģһСľܶˣԺܶûɣͳˣЩܰҩʴˣɹ
ַΣϵܸߣĸĲΪѿڵĹ棬۵һŻͷˣַۣܹҲҹӵڵĿռп嶫ͬèһ
뵽ЩǸһֱʾ˵ʷҵӵԵ⵽һˣֵš
¥ǰ̨һͰ棬صˣҲ˯ʱ̫ˣʱȥôҲ˯ˣֻ۾
ȴҶˣǳȥͣпȥȡ˶ʮֽ棬ʮ׼ʷʣµʮǼ·á
Ǹһֱī֣ΰһͳǶˣع˵˵ط֮Ҫ˵ɽȥҩǾկס£ǵط羰ܲģǿ䣬ҪȥֱӻȥУõǡ
˵ǽկģǲŰǰŵկ棬ֻĻ֮治סЦɽҩҪȥĹɣƯǹȻƭˣҪʷңһҲ˵ѡ
ɽ·ͳͲҿ죬һ̽ͷ£Ǽһ˼أһϣߺ
ұҲòȥһ·Ҳˣ˾һһɲʱҵθ滹̲סĳ顣
һֻҺˣ˶û£ҳԾǣǸȥŮ˾ȻҲһ㷴ӦûУҾúܶˣҧǿš
ɽ·᫣һٶ๫·̾Ȼ˽ʮСʱȳͣˣѾǵڶˡ
Ժ˳ֻطӦǸկֻ̫磬ûжˣֻмǵ˱ŶӦǸ缯ġ
Ǹկɽ棬ʮɽ·ҳԵ㶫ǸϽ·ȡ֮ǰϵ˵
կڴɽ棬ֻһС·ûͨʣµ·ҪУͳֻҺµͷתʵڳԲ¶ֻƿˮ
Ȼҿʼ̣Щֵǣһ˲ʷһ򵼣ǻû궫һˣƺһʼҺõģԼʮӣڣһſھĺϻӦǱˣݣǽݡ
˵կҪɽͷܵǸ˲Զ͵һɽ£ɽȫǸߴľ泤Ĳݡ
ʱͷİȴͣӣͨһȥŴɽ˼ͷ治ֹ֪ʲô
ʱҷߵʯͷݵЩʱ۾ͻȻһҴյǰʵö
˭֪һȴҡҡͷ˵źϤƺǰЩ
ЩļʧǼʹ顣
˭֪ʱʷȴǿڶǽ͵˵Ĺأɽ棬ɽҪȰɽ񡣡
ôһ˵ҲͲˣǿɽԷȻɽԼľηЩʽ֡
ǽǰȴҸӵĿˣֻͷڵվ滹ڲͣЩһ̧ţǰĲݴ˹ȥץסһݣͷϴһĽᣬŵѡİѡֱʮͣ£߻˵ˣԽɽˡ
ЩŹֵĶҺ֣תͷСʷڸ𣿡
ʷһЩᣬ˵һĸ֣һнܰһɽͷ߶סһǽɽͰȫˡ
ĻҴһ벻Ǹȥ۵İݾȻֱ£ֻЩأһе㻳ɣôϼݽᣬܰһɽ߶ס
ƺ֪ҵĻɣʷһǰĲݴԣ˵һߣ㿴ܶ𡣡
ǲݴǲԶҸûпһߵӰӣʷôһ˵Ҳβסеĺ棬ǲݴԾ˹ȥҲǸµļһҵƨɺһ·Сܡ
һ߽ݴԣҾķһߵӣһź׻Ƶߣ׶೤ſڲݴ档
ߣ治ɵİʷǼһ񣬾ȻôԶܷߡ
ϵĻһ֪ߣҲ̫Ȼſڲݴһһǲ̫
Ǽһܵһߣڵϼһ֦ߵҸǰѲݴԸˣʱεԴҲ¶˳
˵һ˲ܾǻᷢ𹥻ȴڲݴһҲûпһԴڵϣֻ۾Ȼţûаɡ
Ѳıǰݸסˣ
֣һе֦һߣȻһ
ʱǰݿҵӹЦôŨŨԵͨ˵С磬ľУһɽ߶ѾסˣǰҲҧ㡣
Ҷ֦һ´Ĵָйشﲩ˵⣬ÿͲ涼һЩͨĸˣȻǰݾկĸˡ


24 
֮кܶϤ׹ơʬ֮ʵЩڴɽ˻кܶ಻Ϊ֪߾еһ֡
ĴָЩ˼ЦЦȻ˵կһģ˵կÿһֻһ˻һһλʵʹڰˣկΨһˡ
һ·ڰݺ߽ɽݸǣɽĹض࣬ǧҪ˵ŵɽҪǵɽ񷢻ˣǿɾʹ²ˡ
һ߰һ߸˵һײɽŮˣһӣ޵կһ·ģɽ񶴵ʱðͣˣ³ײ˶ɽ񣬿ǼûϾͳˡ
ôһ˵ǵ£һߣһ֧ӵ׳ʲô¡
һǸȤˣ˵㣬˵׵ĶͻؼңȻأϲƣǵ붴ʱ򣬲ŷֻˣӾȻˡ
˳ǰӲԸ⣬˰ɡǼһЦ˵ҵһһۣµ¡
ʱǰȴתͷصĶ˵ˣǱץߵġ
ȻתͷǼ˵Ӳˣɰ˸ˣҹȥĵطұˣûӰ
Ȣ׵ʱ򾭹ɽ񶴣Ҷ˵ǳײɽɣ˵ɽȥ˸飬ֻµĺͷҲˡ
¾ôһ˵Ǹӵĺ棬֧ģֻݿ˵˵ǳײɽӿǱɽ˵û˷ӣֻȥկһţǸ׼һͷȻڶһ£ûӾԼܳˡ
ﵽôһѽǼһһ˫۾ʵ
һ˵໰ݲְס˵ɶɽ񲻾ҪܳͷģǸӾǱɽץȥҹ˶ʲôطţһҲ˵ֻ˵ǵطܺڣʲô˽ͳˡ
˵꣬е֣˵˵е䶴䶴ʦ˵ɽкܶĶѨЩѨɲ⣬˾η˵ɣҲνĶ
˵ЩǿòŮڶ߹һƳϲĻȥӴˣŮӱ㡰䶴ˡ
˶Ů˴ӴԺͱ÷񲾫ʧȥ̬ЩʦҲ˵ȻҾЩģҲֻǹŮ˵Ļǣǰݸղ˵һ˲ˣ»ǹŹֵĽ
Ȼ֣ŸղŰݵı飬ƺǺұųģ氵Щ䱸شɽ֣ʲô鶼пܷԺҪСġ
ɽȷʵˣǱ󻹱ңɽһС·Ŀһֱǿ㣬˵һҪ֮ǰϵկӣòҪɽҹ
ұΪһǣ߲Զͻᶥסģ˭֪һҶſŮ˻ûУֻǱǼ΢΢ĳ˵㺹ȥӵƯ
Ǽһʱһϲģڶп۳ɹˣҪʯͷںһſˡ
һֱϵϢһ£򵥵ĳԵ㶫ǰִŸ·
ˣһֱͦȥû£·ЪһСٶʱʹġ
۵ùǺڸûЪҪ˶ǿһߵͷбֿ̧˿ڸոĵ࣬ɽѾʼ谵ˡ
ʱָɽ£Ǹ˵غӰѾɽ¾կˣ
ҶǾһ𣬼ӿŲɽȥߵɽ£Ȼһկկʮ˼ңȫǵ¥Щ¥ţһСϪԡ
ݰ쵽һ¥£˵Ҽˡ
ݼҵĵ¥¸ǵģ¥ȫľͷģֻӣǼ򵥵Ϫϴһݾкȥ϶¥Ϣ
ϲʱʷ͵͵ĸҵ󣬶˵Ǯأ
ҸϽȥ͵͵ڱѸ׼ʮǮó
һСĵİǮ˵ҪҴŽĹҲܻͷˡ
һͼˣ㲻ܴ·˸ﻹҵǮ˭֪һû˵ʷȿ˵ģȻܴǣһ·Ҷ¼ǺţǸżǺ߾УסҪ죬ŮߵǸͷǸ֣̫ױ֡
˵꣬ҵ˵ͷʲôʱ
һ磬ϾУһ·һϱǵġȻҰ˼䣬Ǯ¥ˡ
ıӰЩɻһǸѾ϶ˣһѾۣǵһҲͷһһҹƽʱҲ׬ôڷ˴·ˡ
뵽ڱʱһ˵Ĺ˶ˣ氵ţѲ˶Ĺ
ϰŪ˼ֻɽһˣҴϿͳڶûôԶζʳָ󶯣һ˸׷Ĵ˸á
Ǿ˯ڰݼҵĶ¥¥ֻ䣬ŮģԼסһ䣬ʣµļүǼһ䣬ڷ죬ԾͶ˯ڵذϣȻطʪЩܲˣһһ춼ۻˣһᶼ˯˹ȥ
ڶһ磬Ǽ˾ˣ򵥵ĳ˵㶫֮ߵҸǰ˵Ҫɽҩȥˣס¾УסǧҪԶˣɽҰ޺ܶģõˣ湻߾С
˵ͷлͼŮ˵кկĺӣǸһɽЩҲǸǽɽİݡ
ԶʯͷǼһߵߣʧķͻȻ˵Щ˲ҩĵġ
ҳһһʯͷһһ쵽һ仰ûУû뵽˼Ȼϸ塣
Ҳ˵
ʯͷҵͷ˵ҸղżװˣǴĶͲǲҩġ
Ҵյǰ˵Щ˶ȥĹģģѾͨ˸Ǵ·Ǹӣ·ϸ±ǵģǾͳ
˵꣬ʯͷȴЩ˼Ķ˵ͨʲôҿԸµζҵǡ
˵꣬һ£һıӱȹ飬ҪǼ˸С˼
뵽ҲɵһۣʮǮǰ׻ˡ
ҺڵʱԱȴͻȻһҸϽŤͷȥֻһ׷ԲԵСͷȴЩȥķڴ˵ʲôЩֲֻͣĻ裬ֻ˵Ƿԣֻ̫˵ʲôҪбӦ֮ġ
ͷȥ߰ʮңüëȫˣϴŴֲ·Ǻܸɾ࣬ͷȥҲúܣһͷ
ͷͻȻһ֪ʲôʯͷһۣ˹ȥ


25 ػ
˵ȫһתͷһʯͷҾ֪һҲֻ࣬̽ͷ̽Եģö
Щ֣ʵö
һҵ˵ͷ˵öǰһꡣ
һϽʵͷ˵ʲô
˼˵ɽʲôЩ˽ȥ˻бӦġ
ͷ϶֪ʲôˣϽǼһȥͷЩΪʲôõӦ
һﲻöϻû뵽˵ҲͦһһǴˡ
Ǹͷһʼģǲǣ˼䣬ֻǻӻ˵߰ɣկӿˡ
ôһ˵ǵǺĴҲҺǼһĿڲźã֪ͷ˵Щʲô˾Ȼǵȥ
·ϣǣ۵ͷȻССկկ磬һǳԾС벻ͷկˡ
Ҳ֣կǸղЩ˲ûбֳӦеأͷ΢յıͻȻмֵĲ
˵ļկͷϵһ¥ⷿԵĸ˺ܳʱˣеطľͷѾڣ̧ͷһڷϷȻһͼڡ
ǸͼڣҳһϽͷʯͷֻҲһﲻüͷţֻ۾ĶǸͼڡ
֮𾪣ΪǸͼһ̾ĴߣǺɫģſŭ˻ûצӺͽ֮⣬ûзֱ
߸ʯͷƵһģһ
ֿһʯͷһȻطйϵϧǣѾʧ䣬ǲǰˡ
կҴļϯضһıûУ׽ȴһģͣͷģȻתǡ
ԭկӾǴ˵е磬ֻһٶǰǵڴɽ˳طӣĸ
կӽĹկ
￩һӣկӵѲɸĹйϵ
ͷĻǼһȻûʧת֪ˣկ֮ԽĹկΪɽһĹ˵Ǹʷ𾴵ߣԺɽסĹǰĹկĹĹ˵ĺˡ
ֻǰٶǰ֪ʲôԭЩ˰˳ﶨӣػĹǽĸ
ȻĹĹˣǰȴû͸¶صĹʲôط˶֪ɽĹǴûܹҵ
绹ǣѾŵİͻ⵽Ӧկ˶ͣȰ棬Ϊ׬Ǯ˽ɽȥĹⱨӦġ
ĻǶЩԾ벻կӾȻĹĹ˵ĺֲǸŮ˻ѡԭ˹ˡ
ָг˼䣬Ȼ͸ǻȥֻʱʯͷǼһüͷĸӵʵʲô𣿡
ȴǳ˼һᣬ˵Ǹͷ򵥡
֪˵磬ͷȥݵѸɲ񣬶·ǲΡΡģʵڿвԾʯͷһȻϲ˵۹ȴǶĺܣô˵Ҳ˸˾ŷ֡
ϵ߸ϵһʯͷ˵
ʯͷһû˵ʲôֻҿɻԽԽŨҲĸеһֲ÷һЩͷһʱ֮ȴ벻ʲôطͷֻǼһʲô֪ߺĲ֪ڳʲôС
Ȼʯͷ˵ͷ򵥣ڼҪɽҲûȥ󵽰ݼŸ緹극Ǵװɽ˽ȥ
ɽֵģ֦أҪߵϮǲ̫죬ʯͷǼһܹŵһζǰ棬һ·ϲʱĿƤ˺һ飬һּǺָǡ
֪ʷģһﻹǸ׵ˣֻȫòЩǺţһ뵽Ҿ̲סۣʮǮǰ׻ˡ
Һûа취ʯͷȣһ·ȥȵͷ󺹣ʯͷǼһûһʱһѡ
ǼһյҸǰСĶ˵Сʦһﵽǲѽ
һû˵ʯͷǼһӦˣ͵תͷһۣһ۾ͰǼһŵô˸£ʵʵıͣһۡ
ҲֻʯͷǸһｵס͆µһ裬ԱģĵЦʼ磬ʾĪ
ʱ̫Ѿ£̧һѾˣɽڵĿ죬Ҫ֮ǰҵһ鰲ȫӪزС
˭֪ǼӽŲǰ·ʱһֱǰߵʯͷȴͻȻͣӣ͵һͣһӾײıˡ
һļʵľǽûұӸײƣЩջ𣬸Ҫô£˭֪һȴͻȻһ֣˵ڸǡ
ͳҺ趼һɽֵģѽǼȻʯͷ˵ˣôһڸǡ
ʲôˣ
ҺҪͷʯͷ˵ȥȻһԾ˹ȥӯĸӲ˶٣һ·Ϊչǣ˽Ų
û뵽һȻ˵߾ߣҺ趼ûҰ⾭ˣʱѾˣɽʵЩסҶʯͷıӰһɤӣô죡
ǰһƽĵطӪһȥǡո£Ӱʧ档
ʯͷһߣʣҺ裬ղһ˵ڸǣһŵòᣬڽĸƨɺ棬ʵСʦѽ˵ɽ᲻ʲôԩģЩܶԸ𣿡
һ˵ЩȻµҪŸǵ˵˭̲ס˵»ҰĲһϣܱ֤֮ǰҲһӪصĻɽĶ߾ͻк
һŵ´һۣʱ涼Ѿ߿Զڹ¡˵ģȷʵЩ}ˣ˸£˼вӣҼϻ
ǰ˲ԶҲ۵òᣬ󱳵·ȫʪˣϣ˺ַܲסߵһ
δ𣡵δ
ʱͻȻˮҵϣĨһѣ˵ѵҪˣϵҪɾˡ
̧ͷȥ
ǿĶȴŵҲһƨڵϣϾȻͷʱ˫۾Ķҡ
ҿԼһָۣղԼĨĲˮʺѪ


26 ҹ
һ°ҸŵòᣬҼöˣûʧ̬ʱǼһߺҺ棬һͣûײңһѪһңôˣôŪˡ
ʱйشһûҲ̧ͷ˳ҵĿȥ
ܳ
һһ̧ͷÿͷһ°ŵòûֱһƨ˵ϣܳԶ
ﵽʲô㿪ԶЩҺ
ʵһĵӲСǸСŮʱûܣʱֵɽ棬ͻȻͷһɴ۾㣬ҹһ˶ס
̧ͷȥͷǸձãµѪЩѪϣǴŵ۾ȥӵԵ
ҾЩԾͷҿȥȻЩϤʱǼһҲѾȶ˹ҿһ֦ǷԸù
֦ͷСĵȡǵĲϵĶϿʮֵ룬Ǳ˸ɾһͿġ
ץһݣСĵİϵѪһЩҿ˵Ŀʱ򣬸ǳԾΪҼǸǸŮ˽ɽĹկе
ʱҰ֣ôᱻ˸ͷ˵黹ûҵկûзʲô鱦ϲܷڧѽ
ûзڧôģѲɽ滹һǲ֪˴ڣ
ҸϽΧһ£ȻطвҵĽӡǾһңҿǰ˱˸͵Ϯˣֻˡ
һƬݴԵַʬ壬ʬ嶼ûԴԾǱԴϵ˵ġ
ֳͨķѾȷһܵͻȻϮߵġ
ּµĽӡֵķ֣кܶ˵ĽӡȻֺͷӡ
˶ҪЬģµĶЬӡǽӡطȴ˲ٵĽӡЩӡϿ߰˸ˣ
ЩӡҾøӵ֣Щһɽ˿ɶǴЬӵģЩӡͲµģ͵Ϯǵǻµġ
ɽ棬ȻȫŽŲЬ⵽һʲôˣ治ɵĸ֣ѲɽڻĴëѪԭʼ
ȻӵˮѾˣҸϽ裬ǰӿŲҪǰҵһӪĵط
ǰһ·ʱѾڵĲˣɽѾıڰʴǵ߱ԽԽģ
˶־ڰΪںڰЩǵ۾δ֪һп־Դͷ˵ҹһ塣
ʢҹؼʢеʱһЩֻҹֵͻðҲͨ˿еĹ
ԽԽڣҵҲԽԽżɽûйҵǺںΪշֵı£ҵĵǣҵһȫӪأϵĶ޲ҪģοЩûдЬĹˣʱ˱ȹе־壬⻰һҲ١
ҺǰûжԶȻһȽƽĵ棬ԸһϾط¶ޡ
һ͸ۻˣߵǿյһƨɾȥ߹ȥƨɺݺݵһţȥЩɲ
Ұһ㶼»棬ɽϵһѻǱѡ񣬶һҲԽеĳʪϢԸṩ
Ȼ۵òᣬһﵹûк޾ɵΧѼɲóľƽϵĻĲݶȥƽܶࡣ
ȻҺһ𣬼һѵĸɲ֧һѣڱóһֽֽ׼ۻƷۡ
ЩۻƷʦģ˵ЩۻƶҾ˺ü꣬һóֻҪŵۻƵζͻԶԶ㿪ġ
ɽ߳ϵģԳŵʱרŴ⣬ó
ҴۻƷۣΧյأһȦȻߵԣܲʲô߳ϵˡ
ǰڵ濴߽ҹɽ֣ԼҰζڻϿð͡
ڲŷ֣ʵȻв࣬ȻֽдȴûбȥֻɽǼһǳ
ֻÿŻ𣬺ȵˮѳԵѹ
Ȼ۵ùǺʱ˭Ҳ˯治ͣĴһĹֽУҲ֪ʲô޵ġ
ʯͷǼһﻹûл治ɵе㵣ǼһȻɽ˭Ҳұ֤ᷢʲô顣
Һ迿ŻѷʱԱߵͻȻһ춯һ뵽ЩûдЬĽӡŵľվĶƬڵĲݴԺ˭
ҡݴ洫һͳ
ҺǷΪʯͷǼһ
Ȼʯͷһһ쵽˵˼仰طҺĶĹǣ;Щġ
ŲݴԵ춯ʯͷ˹ҷĿкöطѾˣǱ֦ģղ׷ǵˣ϶˺Զ·̡
ʱʯͷﻹʲô߽ˣҲſ壬ǾȻֻɽ
һɽһ˹ȥʯͷӹʼëƶǣκαʵ˭ڸ׷ǡ
ʯͷߵ£ҡҡͷ˵֪ٶ̫û׷ϣһҪǣҾͷˡ
ʯͷıӱȹ飬Ҫ׷ˣǾܹϵģϲȫŷ׷٣ҵЩж
˻нӡ㿴𣿡
ʯͷǺ棬ô϶ᷢԴˡ
ֻҵĻ֮˵ͷ˵Щ˱͵Ϯˣǣɽ滹еڡ
ʯͷ˵ĸĲһֻЩʲôˣǸǵļһǸʲôģһƺԵԽԽˡ
һղһֻɽֱͣղѹǶûгԶ࣬ڿζͲͣʿˮ
򲻵ɽҺӢڣƣһͰֻɽʰֻʣ¹ͷ
ΧŻѣ˿ʼģ϶Ǽһһ˵ʯͷǱͲϲ˵ȫ岻졣
һʵǸ룬СʱӼµڸɵĶ˵ȫ§ˣЦҶۣʯͷһҲЩ˵ɫ
ֻλһｲŽžһͷڵ˯ˣ̧һڶ賿һˣһ۵ĹǺֻ۾Ҳʼͣ´ܣ֪ʲôʱ˯˹ȥ
Һ˯ʱ͵ظоԼӱ˸һѣŶʯͷĴ


27 
δ֪ĴɽҹȻ˯ˣǱһֱڽţʯͷһңҾ˹
ֻڵϣָҡҺ裬ͷȴֱֱǰţһ˫۾澫âǡ
һµڵˣ˳ǰȥֻǰĲݴʱһƬӰڻζ
ϣҸڲݴľʲôֻݴ治ͣĻţĶ߳
Ŭһڿˮʯͷʲôĺڲݴ
ǵĽƣԵϸϸһ˻ߵĴһ
ϵĺëˣϽڱҵľղһȥȻǲݴԺĿΣۣܹŨĶǻ
ҲǼŵһ飬̽ͷ̽ԣʱʯͷҲǰѺڵɫصĶǰ
ʯͷɫҸӵĽǰǹȻһرϤĸоֻڽŵһʱʵ벻ʲôط
ʱǲݴеĻˣ֪ЩҲѾԽԽˣҵΪŶʼðˡ
ڣݴԱֿˣɫӰ
Ӱʮֵĸߴ󣬸ͷһߣһװңŻѵĹܹ壬ˡ
ֻ˸ԵĲͬûд·ֻһֲƬڵȥ͸ԭʼ˲ÿ˵лһѳìǳìľͷģͷǷĽ
Ǻãֻ·ģûж⡣ʱǼһһˣƤЦ˴к׼ʩչĿڲš
һһȻ֪ĻҪǰߣһѾͰ˻˵ѽ˶ǻˣ
豻ҵĻŵһ㶣˰Żع˿ĭʵˣʲô
ղһҾܿһŨŨЩϢǾԲеģҲ˵˸ǻˡ
ǰˣҶʱ֪˸ղŵǹϤĸоǴӺζΪϵϢڲرЩϢһģһ˲ˣ֮˲ݵĹ
תͷʯͷ˵
Ϳˣҵ˵ͷ治ɵİп࣬һܳ⣬еĿͷˡ
˭֪ûҷӦͷһֽУǵһŵĳìǾͶ˹
ЩһӦúܴΪԶҾǶĳǹƿ˳ǹ֧һת۾͵ǰ
ܳҺͬʱֽһһӾ˵ϣǳǹͷವһź˳ȥķ紵Һ󱳵·ҳһ亹
ʯͷָͲҺܱȵģֻɳĬûкˣǰһĺڵһľһɫһǰһУֱӿķһ˳̹ĳǹ
ҶԸʣµһǡһķɳǹʯͷĶûͣһ࣬źڵЩ˹ȥ
һһԿеľҲ˹ȥǸһʱ
ʯͷһȥͼסڿڴͳһŴףһ˹ȥ
ŴǽʬĿǣȻЩǽʬŴ׶ٶǻеá
ֻһŴвٶϣ໽˿ҲᣬͻȻ٣͵س嵽ǹĸǰһľͷȥ
һȷˣٶȺܿ죬ټЩﱾЩӲʱûа취ֻаֱ۾ٵͷӲһ
һһǹģ˭֪ȻӲһֱϣȻֻǿı۹֮Уֱ۶ûпϣ
һһ°ҵֻ첲ᣬҪǣڸֻһ֮ңľֱ۵ʱ˿ڴȳѪҺУһʱмѪҵ档
ЩѪȳޱȣһڵϷζЩѪһˣֱ˸ǰĹͷ
һ£Ҳǹƺһʮջ𣬹ֽһһƾҳ˹
̫һҲûʱֻðľǰסơ
˭֪һĳ棬һѹľ鵽ҵؿϣֱӸĵ˳ȥ
ҷɳȥףֻؿھǱһʯͷһ£һƣĹͷҲޱȡ
ˤڵأûüǹ໽ҳ˹
ʱձŵûа취ܣۼǹҪ嵽ҸǰҵȴͻȻһ󺰣ܳ
Ǽһģֻո£һظֱ۲ֵ֦˹һײǹؿϡ
ܴȻһֱӵؿڣҲֻǽٶȼһ¡
ѾˣڵһԱ߾˹ȥͷһֻǼһֱһ֦Ķǹؿ֮ϣֻԱȲǹֱˣһǵͨ졣
벻һؼʱ̻еõģĲͣˣҸϽڵڿڴͳһŴףǹ˹ȥ
һŴְǹֱУ˿ȥתͷһʯͷֻĻȣһһѺڵˣ죬ռϷ磬Ϊһֱֻ۶Ѿеĺڵ
ҸղűһѪڻȳζ֮£ﻹ˵ô࣬һǹﱻҵŴʱˣϽڿڴͳīߣߵǰһͷ˵һһͷס
һղűǹ۵Ĳᣬͨ죬ҵķԸ֮ĵ˵ͷӹīߵһͷլʱֶԸǸСŮ֪Ӧô
һ˳סīߵһͷ߷ֿʱǹ໽ŷ˹ҳ
治ɵİп࣬ô׼ˣ
īߣҪľ׷ϣҲûԶܣǴתȦӣһԵ費ͣı任ҡ
ȻܹжվܸһȰƽīȦҳһգ
һīһӾͱֱˣǹĸ
ī߲סĹ﷢һĽһԵ˵ϣ


28 Ĺ
һǹﱻŵڵأܴʧôõĻᣬһڿڴͳһ˹ȥ
Ȼī߲סǻڲͣſ¶ɭɭݣͣ˻ţȥͬһ㡣
һӾ˵ĸǰеķֽž˹ȥֽһϣһʵˣһ
һͻȻԼ쳣֮¾ȻЩ
ҵͷһû³ԭղûϸڲŷ֣һһѾʼãһһţеĵط¶˹ͷҵִʱͷƤϣСһͷƤȻл¶ɭɭͷ
ΣĶľͱˣǻûӦ﷢һֽУ죬ҵֲҧ˹ȥ
ֽͷƤϣͷƤҸĵˣԲûжãҲҺҷӦ㣬ֱۼʱ˻ҪȻ汻һҧסˡ
ʱҲ˲϶ˣϽְѷֽǼһϣװҲŸоԼģȫһϵҺ壬ĵ̲סˡ
ʱߴһ̧ͷȥֻʯͷӰһԾĺڻһһĹڿ͵һתĺڵ˹ȥ
ʱһֻǰֱӾͱʯͷһڲϣֻ۵һǹԴͱһʧȥͷ­ĲȪһһȳѪͨһ͵ȥ
춨סҿʯͷýĿѣ۵ʱֻͻȻҽţһžǸոձûصԴ
ʯͷֽý쳣ÿһǡôҸý֣ΪһһðǹԴ˹
Դҷ˹氵ʯͷǼһȻǸӻֹǽӴģ֪⿳ǵͷûãΪֻʣͷǻᷢҪǸס
Դ̫죬һʱеûתһѾͰ˻
һһɶ˱ǶҵͷһԴǰǿš
ԴȸղǸõĻҪأϵⶼ߰˰ˣһԴ϶ĺںɫҺ壬ĵȻ׻ڲͣ䶯
һûӦأͼǹԴһſ죬Ƭ촽Ҳõˣֱ¶ɭɭݻ˿־ҵžҧȥ
ҴһܳѵģһѾͽԴ˵ϣýİȵϣϽڿڴͳһǵԴϡ
ʱ˶ĵĳѬҶҪ۾ˣ治סûҪѬ
Ǽһűһ̽ͷ̽ԣϵĳҿ԰¸ԼоЩ
ʱֻʣһˣͲʯͷĶ֣û󹦷ͱԴͷϵѪ˵ϡ
ΪɿʱǰȴͻȻһͻͻűڵ֪࣬ǾԲڷűڣڿǹ
һǹķǵǰȻǴɽžǹӦǾ벻һȺˣ
ǹĬĬţѲҲʲôΣգ
ҺʯͷһۣǴϣɽֵģǲܸϹȥ鿴ǵʲôܺĿռУʼոоһ˫۾ĬĬעǵһһҸоʮֵĲ
ʰһЩҵܿʯͷҷԸһ䣬ĺڵʧ˴֮С
ЩȻסˣǵ껹ڣﲻܣ˵ЩʲôʱܳˣŰԴл䣬ֻԩһֻֻĶ˳
Ǹæ꣬ʯͷ˻Ӧûʲôֿ̧֣һ±ڲ賿࣬磬Ƿô飬˭Ҳ˯ˣֻðѻŪôһ㣬ĵ
ڶһ磬Ǽ򵥵ĳԵ㶫һֶǰȥ
Ǹضǿ壬һϱԭ壬һֱûжȵķǧǰʼɽˮǧ࣬ԭӵɽȻ
סɢֳֺܶķ֧еһҲкܶಿͼڲͳһԭ
һ͵壬ȻԭȨ׷ϣֱɽ棬ǴԼĲĻ
˵ɽĹŵΪǿһһ·ҵҲǳ˾η
ߵʮ֣ǰʯͷͻȻǻһֱۣϵͻϮҺһֱıţʱ򿴵Ķǽŵ´
ֻʯͷվǰ棬¿Ȼüͷ嵽һ𣬶˵кŨѪζǰ
ҺȻһǹʱ䣬ǸһҲ·̣Ѳǰµĵط
Ǽӿ˽ŲȻǰһյأյϻмѾȼ˵ĻѣطӪ
ֻյڵҵĽӡصѪǵӵƤҪǻ˵֫塣
Щ֫Ҳ̶ã˺һģأֻͷõģЩͷ­ģǸһɽˡ
Щ˵ԴԾСկĺһ˲ټǰһʱѾĸˣ
쿴ʱǼһȴվһѲݴǺ
߹ȥһﻹʬ壬Щµģʬ弸ȫ㣬ŵŴһѾϵĵ̣ǵԴ˸ÿԴüĴһָСĶڡ
ʬҲʦݵĹҲǱЩϮˡ
ƲһԴڶû꣬Ǳ˸ȡ˳
ϵǸָСѪ氵֣⵽һʲôַȻܹȡЩ꣬Ƕ滹и˵ġ
ֻ˭ʷǻߵİݣֻЩеһҲö֪
Ѱһ飬ûзֱ쳣ʯͷǰкһǼǰֻԽǰߣɽ·ҲԽԽ͡
ȵʱɽ֮γɵһз֮䡣
ʱʯͷ˼£ͻȻָǰһƬ˵ǽ档
Һ˳ָȥֻǰһƬɽ£к£ɽڵסָĵطɫûκζ
ʯͷɻߵƬ֮ǰ˫һӾͽ˿ʱǲžķ֣Щ֮ȻһĶڣϹžһ㣬͵ǽȥ


29 ҹ
ⶴھЩĺ棬ʯͷıŵõµζǴҲ²طȻһڡ
Ǹڸ׶࣬ȥһԵԶء
ʱѾҪˣûżȥڶڴһƽĵط׼Ӫ
˯ɣҹʯͷڻԣҺ˵
Ҫϰҹ°ҹʯͷһ춼ûô˯ҺôһᣬЩŲס
ãҲһûκα飬˵
Ȼô˵һͳֻӶʮ㣬ڻԣ۾
ǱֻѵģʱʯͷһĶңǰе㲻һ
ϻرһ˯һҹϾ̲סһ񺮣һﲻϲֵɣǺã
ЩεĿһڵʱ۹ҵƿ
ţһԸȻŹ֣ǻֱ̬ãղſҵʮֵ峹Դ󷢵֣Щֵʵʲôط𣿡
û˵ֻǶҡҡͷҸ֣ʵղΪʲôһֱң
ԻоеŮ͵кһ˵ҸоǽһŤҺʯͷǼһûбı仯ֻüͷ˵ǰûм棬ӵһμ㣬ҵĸоͺ֡
ôһ˵һɱǴ˵еһ飡
ҸϽ֣
ֻͷĬƬ̣Ȼ˵ϵϢһֺϤĸо
ʱϵļƤˣſǻ˵磬㱣֤ǲǰ飬ҿǼǵģҳôûм㣬ͷŹҰɡ
˭֪һҵĻ֮Щֵ˵Ź㣿ֲôţ˵ϵϢҺϤĸо˵Ҽ㣬˵ͬϢˣֻ벻˾˭
Ĩһͷϵ亹ԭ˼ˣûرİãһ
ʲôϢ
Ҳ˵˺ҾӦˡ
һҸˣҵ˾ֻʦһˣѲһǰʦ
ͷˮʱȴ͵һվ̧ͷ֮оâǣĶǸɽϵĶڡ
ڱסͿʲôʯͷȴȫԵļ
ΣҲϽڵ˳Ŀȥֻڵ±ϸһرĸоʲô͵һָоȫĺëֱ
ŬһĭʯͷʵǡǺж
ʯͷ˵ͷ˵жڶǣҲˡ
ʵղһۣҾѾ֪±ںĶˣΪܿǹŨھʯͷĿ˵һǲɵľû
ǽŵĶ±ڵʱҵĽͻȻһƵ
ҺܽһŵҲûͷһǱĶǼһ˯øͷһ˸һĺ
һҸųһİëŪһӻ𣬺ݺһųһƨɾȥ
໣
ýżߵҲЩţһŵ׼ͷûпƺãֱߵһƨɵм䡣
һ¾ɱһֻһӾڵ˫ƨɣͨ죬Ǵʵʲôʲô
ڵЩ죬һıһֱЦȥ
ҸϽһ˰֣Ȼָָ±棬˵лжڶǡ
ܳ
ҵĻСӱһֿڣҲʸղ˭ˣƨɣӶ㵽Һʯͷ̽ͷ̽ԵһۣŵĶ˵桭ʲô
пҽĶ±ڣֻǸڴɫĹ㡣
˫ɫĹ磬ҾȻоԼΪһ˫۾һ˫ɫ۾
̫Զ̫ڣҿ˫۾˾Ǹʲô˫۾ҵĸоȴޱȵĹ죬ұûа¶ȡ
ǽĶ˫۾ʱ˫۾ƺҲڿֻ̹һ˫۾޾ĺڰ֮С
˫ɫ۾ʧҶʱоɲ٣ɽһϾȻҳ亹
ʯͷʱҲͷڵϣ֪ЩʲôǼһȴʵСʦ浽ʲô
̯̯֣˵Ҳ֪ѾԶˡ
˵Ƕˣһһƨһһȴǲ˯ˡ
ǵǸʲôҲڵϣʯͷʵ
ʯͷҡҡͷȻ󿪿˵Ҳ֪ǼһӦú
һĻǽŵ濴һۡ
໣
˭֪һ̧ͷȴͻȻһֽС
ͬ޺𣬲߿ȻôԶǾǶһ̵ǶĤۡ
Ǽһﱻŵòſϣһ԰ޱȡ
ҲŵòᣬϽʯͷڵվһʯڣһХ֮ʯҲûа㶯
ǣЩֵʯͷʵ
ʾʯͷתͷ˵
Ļвɵĸ֣ղŶǵĶԵĲ࣬ǱĶôܹеǵǸʲô
Ǹʲôһ˭Ҳ˯ˣҺһûһгţʯͷǼһ۾ڻԣҲ֪û˯ţҸҿ϶һ紵ݶһǵһӦˡ
òװǼ򵥵ĳ˵㶫Ƕھȥ
˵׶ߣЩִǲôûлѶ󹦷˾ͶѾվ˶ڡ
һ󶴣ֱ׿⣬֮ϳ̦ѾвӡȹĺۼӦһȥʱġ
ϸĹ۲һ£֮Щ΢΢ڣһֳ걻Ѭ֮µĺۼֻЩۼȻΪʱԶѾ̦ڸסˣϸͷֲˡ
ǰ϶ס˵ģ氵š
ڴɽ棬ԶΪݣɽĺۼҲΪ棬ֻЩ֣طȻĹôסأ
ȥһƬڣѨ֪жǸϽڱͳֵͲֵͲרľֵ磬ͷ󣬵Ǿ۹ܺãҪǷˮ
ֵͲ򿪣һĶѨͳǰ
ⶴѨֱ׶࣬ȴǸӵĿһСտĿռ治ʱĴһķ磬Ǳ
ֵⶴһ£ֻԶŶ赵ĵվһĺӰЩӰȻһΣ


30 ʬ
ЩӰҸһʱʯͷҲ쳣ʯͷüëСֹţʲô⣿
ֵͲЩӰһֱûжϸһЩӰûаĻҲûУӦǵһĶ
ʱʯͷѾǰ˹ȥҺҲϽ
ȵ˸ǰһЩȻǵжʮ϶żªף⼣
ɽԴʮȱôһªĿף˵ЩӦǺܸߵģҲ²ӦĻӡ
ϸĹ۲һЩʱȴַЩͷΪЩֱ̫ʵˣ˼ûʲôֱ
ֵͲյһȴһֻȻӲģƤë׶̵ܿܵϸ
ҴյǰϸĹ۲ֻЩżı۾üëͽëУЩȻȫûɵģ
ⷢҳԾСʯͷǼһȻҲһ㣬ʱվһǰһĳ˼ţ´治ͣ棺ģֱˣЩȻŪøһ
˵һɵģ
ֹ۲һЩżǵƤ·Ϳһ͸ʣʣǵıýӲһӣЩ˸װ档
ʮ׳ˣǰӦöλĻӣҲżǵ
ҼľżǵһμǱıȸʬľҪĶ࣬ǰģû̫ı仯ӦһĴʬİ취

ʱҺȻԱߵżֵǸᣬһʼһΪԼˣҴչȥǴֵ
ĵطЩżڣᣬĳ淢Ľһ
֣ѲЩżʲôɡ
˭֪ʱǼһȴܵЩż֮УƵģ治ͣ˵ţ̫ˣô͸һء
ҸϽһﺰһɤӣҶЩżɵģ
ҵĻһŵһȻֱӾһܳȾܡ
ֻһ̫ܵײһżϣֻǾż£ȻŵϾ͵ȥ
Ǿż£Щ˭֪һûзӦվߵʯͷȴͻȻһܣ
ҲͣȾܣֻæ֮лǻͷһֻۣǾżһ͵ڵϣһֱӱˤ飬鿪ȴɫļ׳棡
Щ׳涼кһСʱһأͣķĽȥ̲סͷƤ顣
ʲôȻҲʬӼ֮еļ׳棬ܱ߽УһûüǻļһͻȻһ˵
Ťͷһŵͷ
ֻЩ׳ھȻȫǵصĳǾӿ˹
ܳѣЩ׳һĭǰͳ塣
Һǰ棬ʯͷǼһѹȻ֪Щ׳ʲô£ʵˣ˭Ҳͣ£ɽΪǲ£ȵôܵùЩóɵļһһԽԽ졣
̵ܵģ
һһ߰һ˸ѪͷһǸǻѽ֪ҴҲˡ
Ƕܵͷ󺹣ʱԭֱͨǰȻֳһһңһģһ
ͨҾɵˣ֪ӦѡһǺЩ׳滹׷ѾʯͷĺӦм׳濪ʼϮˡ
Ҳ˲ôˣһͷֱߵͨ˽ȥ
ǰ˲ԶʱͻȻһ֪һ϶ǱЩ׳ҧˣûһͷȥҾ;ԼƨһһɻʹоϮǸоǱʲôҵƨϸݺݵҧһڡ
ҵһԼƨһģһѾץסһӲӲĶ֪϶Щ׳棬ץס¾ͳ˭֪ҧĻͦʵһѾȻûн۵һ졣
ܳү
һ۵Һˣþ͵һקֻһӶҸһ󶴣Ǹ׳ڱҸקҸоԼƨҲһ⣬۵۶Ҫ
ҰǼ׳ǵǰһֻⶫͭǮһСмֻצӣҪⶫͷֻһĴǯӣղžⶫҧƨɡ
һѾͽˤϣһźݺݵľͲȥֻһⱻҲȵһӱˣһ̲ɫ֭Һ
һҵĶһЩհֵֻļ׳Ҿ;ԼƨǻһۣһֻͬʱҧҵƨɣʱҵҲǼһһĲҽ
һͷһֻһѾˤ˵ϣͣ˴ź󱳣ĺſżֻ׳棬ʯͷǲͣţǰѺڵĺ죬Ǿвٵļ׳˹
ǰҸеһƨϵʹҲˣЩ׳̫࣬ٶ̫죬Ǹܲǣһ¿Ҫ군ˡ
ʱȻһԼŵǰۻƷۣۻƷܹ߳棬֪ЩãµҲֻҽˡ
ҸϽ±ңóǰۻƷۣץһѣʯͷһȻһѾ˳ȥ
ۻƷ۵ζΪ̱ǣһͨ涼˴̱ǵζҸ˵ǣһۻƷЩڣ˷ļ׳ǼĿһһӵͷҪȥ
һţץ𼸰ۻƷźȥֱЩļ׳ȫߣͣ
Щ׳ɢһʱǼһߺڵһĺϻմżֻ׳棬ƺۻƵζѬ˹ȥһҲ
쵽󣬽Ǽֻ׳涼·Ѿҧƿڣ˲ѪȻ˲ᡣ
һҲǱҧˣϸߣ治ͣţܳѣҧСүȻһֻֻİЩ׳涼˸ϡá
ƨϻֻ׳棬ϽְǸק۵һ죬ȶ̲סĳ鴤ЩĲҧƫƫҧҵƨɡ
ʱʯͷ˹Ȼղںֵס˴󲿷ֵļ׳棬ֵǣһϾȻһ˿ڶûС
Һ趼Щ׳ҧˣҲûôࡣ
ֻʯͷߵҵĸǰҵƨһۣȻ˵˿ӣʬƣжģ˿Ҫϴ
һЩȻжһһ뵽Ҫʯͷһǰƨɣ͸еһıŤ
оƨ˿ڴʹҧҧҲ˲ôˣֱѵԼĿӣƨɾſ˵ϣͷʯͷɣ


31 ɽ־
ſڵϣʯͷͷʵ㡭㲻ɣ
ҵĻʯͷһƤҲݾĳ鴤£Ȼһﵭ˵ˣֶþƾһ¶С
ĻҲһԼˣЩεĳЦЦһûңڱͳҩþƾɴʼҴ˿ڡ
ƾһմ˿ڣ۵ҾֱʱǼһҲ˹ߺȻղҲҧòᣬҸǰһһıϸҧ˼ӣڻͣµѪء
ʯͷҼ򵥵Ĵһ£ϰһһۣеĸɱһһɽȫĻ
ݺݵıһＸѣЩֵʯͷʵЩʲô
ʯͷһǩСĵĸ˿һ߻شңЩǹƳ棬˵ʬƣֳӼ꣬¹еһ֡
Ĵ˵У¹֮صģഫܰѸֶԼĹƳ棬ЩƳڱ¹֮˵ڣӶܹΣȡǧ֮⡣
ЩʬеʬƣЩ϶λص󣬲ĹʦרģλĹء
账˿ڣǼǰֻʯͷ˵·ûµζǸղ鼱ܴ֮ˣҲûлͷΪ˭֪ЩµʬûԶҪٻͷǿɾͲˡ
һ·ߣͨƺбб£ĹӦɽ棬ֻһߣҵƨһһٵģҧ˿۵Ҳʱص治ͣЩʬҧﲻãƫƫҧҵƨɣ
ûжԶǰͨƺмʯݣЩʯݿȥںģҲ֪ЩʲôСĵ߽һ䡣
ֵͲһգֻ䲻Ǻܴ󣬿յģֻмƺڷʲô
Сĵ˽ȥŷֵһѾõĹײģҲ֪ײж೤ʱˣѾõĲӣ¶ŵ˵ʬǡ
ǾʬҲ͸òʱӦǴ·ģЩ·õֻʣһһģ¶ѾƵĹͷЩͷ͸Ѿɿ˵֦һȥһ顣
˵ҲֻʣãֻͣѽضЩ֮͡
ϣܳǽѽʱǼһһӾ˵߹ײĸǰ˷ָܵʬǴ˵
˳ĿһȻʬ󴦶һɢŻƹǳɫӦǻƽɡ
һûзӦͼǼһ֣һѾץסһƽʬ͸࣬һˣҲ͵
ģطˣСʦҾ֪ǰ;ǼһõҲ࣬ſҧһڣȻ˷ܵĳ˵
һһļЦһʬƸҧƨһۣʦһġ
Щ˵ĶҲãС㡣Ҷһڹ
˭֪һҲûк£ְһֻȡҺٺٵЦ˵лƽһʲô

˭֪һһ˵꣬ⷿſȴͻȻֵЦһһĺë
һֵЦǼһŵϸߣһܳ˹
һûüӦͼߵʯͷһһӰٵĳſڣſھʹһȻײʲôͳĺ
ҺһۣһڸŵòᣬҲùľͳ˳ȥֻſڴʱɫӰ·ɵĲһ𣬲ʱһĺС
ֵһ£ķƺҲǸΣֻĶ̫죬ҿ嵽Ǹʲô
ҲʲôˣһͦľҪȥæҸոһǶͷһȻӿٵźƮ˹ȥҪܡ
ңʯͷתͷҺһɤӣҲٵ׷ȥ
ұҲһ׷ģ˶ٶиӦһܶҵƨߵ˿ھʹҵʹҲɵİһͣӡ
ʱҲ˹СңСʦǵǸʲô
Ҹûп⣬ô֪ʲôǶҡҡͷŹǶµȳζ氵ʯͷǼһﵣ
Ϊʯͷ׷һҲͻˣ˭֪һаСʱûмӰӣò
ʱȴվһʯݵſڣҴĺСʦѽ
һƺʲôֵĶҸϽ˹ȥֵͲһգͿⷿȻһ˶Ĺײģ
ȱĵطķ䶼ҪһûбĶҲֻмڷһײģֻײҪȱķĴö࣬ʯͷģ
ʯͷḯãⷿĹײıãײһֺɫʯͷ̳ɵģûκεΣȥء
ȻʯͷڻǱֵĹײסˣǺСĵߵ䡣
ֻײƺһʯɵģûκεĻƺװΣ͸ӵԵײ쳣
ߵǰ߹ײĵĹײĸƺʲôֲһĻҳײĸϾȻһͭ
Ƿͭ˵΢һ㣬ȻѾͭ⣬һܹĿĻơ
ֻ⾵Ͽĸ·ɽһ֣⼸֣Ҿ֪⾵ɽ־
˶ܹͭյһ壬Թ˾Ϊͭԣܹħ޴ΣټϹ˳ķɽ֮ԾͰɽ״̵ϣܹͭѹа־ӱΪɽ־
ǰʦ˵ɽ־ʦ˵־ʦ˼ҶҪŪһϧһֱԵõ
û뵽ֵĹײϣҾȻһɽ־иӵ֣ΪʲôҪһɽ־ײϣײ浽ʲôŹ֣
ϸĿһײģûзֱ쳣תʼⷿѰ
ûãҾһ֨֨ŤͷһǼһﲻ֪ʲôʱȻǹײ棬һС˶Ƿɽ־
һΣ氵һһȻǸǮۿǻϽס֣
˭֪һһЦ˵Сʦطˣ⾵ӿֵϱǮˡ
ұһĲᣬҪ߹ȥ˭֪ҸһǰһǾӾȻ
һ˵رžڹײϹЦȴĶǾ߹ײģͷϵ亹ˣΪǾ߹ײеŨŨΣϢ
ҸϽŹײϵ󺰵ӹ


32 нʬ
˫ֱǷɽ־Ц춼ˣһҴغ̧ͷһҵɫ֪֪Ծ
һﻹ飬ڝһӾǹײܵҸǰЩŵʵôСʦﲻͷˣ
һûüѵһͻȻ֨֨һ춯ⷿʲôڶһ
ĳֻؿľòͷһߣƴľſڳȥ
˭֪Ѿˣǻûг嵽ſڣһ죬һ޴ʯ䣬ֱӽⷿĳڸ˸ʵʵ
ǿʯͷ²кüǧһҵĵһ죬ҺɫףҪٿһʯͷͻҵϣôھͻ̯ࡣ
ǰʯͷɵİһĭ˵ա
һֽȻûбʯͷѹ࣬ȴ˷棬ʯͷŪػҪȻ򿪣Ǳסˣ
ǼһҲʶˣɥ˵ʦôȥ
һҾͷϻΪΪʳ⻰һû٣ùһﲻԼҲ˽ȥ
ҲҪָһıˣתһ룬˸Ҳ⣬ؼĻôȥҪ
̧ͷһ˰أⷿ䱾ǿʯ֮ϵģ춼ûУΨһĳھǽţڱʯסǳ군
һƨɾ˵ϣǼһҲû˰취ɥеɽ־˵⺦ģҸŪȥ˵ǹײȥ
ȥˣһǸڵĹײȴͻȻЦ
Цܼ⣬ϸһŮ˵Ц
һĺëըڵһӾڵվ
֪ＸǧĹײͻȻŮ˵Цڵķ棬˭Ҳᵭ
ǼһڶߵײıˣӦñҸֻһɫ࣬վԭأתͷʵǡ
Ҷ˵ͷֻһŬһĭһһСĵ˻ҿͷǺˮ·ʪ͸ˣһ¸ŵʵᡣ
ҲòȥֵͲǹײģֻ۾Ķţȫļ浽иʲô⡣
Ц֮󣬺ɫĹײȴְȥӣҺصĺҲûбԼΪŶ
̲סֲ̧һͷϵĺˮҪĳʲôҲˣµľĳĬѹֵ˼ֱҪ浹ŸϽʲôѹֵζܡ
ǣ
ڣǸɫĹײĸһ£ϣѿһСڡ
ҪҪ
ҽضǸѿڣпҪ浽׹һʲô
ֻǹײĸǵĴ򿪣һŨŨɷʱ䣬ɷ֮⣬һë׵˿
ԩɽʬ֮ɷɷ˵ŨǹײĶһһֻʬ
ʬĽзкܶ࣬еĵطթʬĹһΪӣ޵֮ǰǽʬ
ĽʬǴ˵лƵ۵Ůʬɣ˵ȵĴӦйһսսʤӦ
Ȼûмʬʦ˵ֶʦ˵ǣ֮Ļûɢֵڣûʲôϡģ˶Ҳ͸ó࣬ȻҲɲ˽ʬ
еʬʬ֮أãôʬдĻǾȡ֮е𽥵Ļָܹ¿Լǽʬ
ʦ˵ǰʱżнʬȫʵ˻ᣬԽʬҲˡ
̫ƽǸͷ˲㲻Ͻʬһԩ֮˻ǲɢ̫ƽŨĵطʬʬ壬Ľʬʮǧ
벻Ȼ˽ʬҲɵĿЦһ£治֪Լ˻ǲҡ
ʲôǼһŵˣСʵ
ҿڴŴѾʣûˣȫץȻָŷֽ˵һΣվá
ֽŴҲֵ֪ܲܵסĶҲֻܰˡ
ʱǹײĸǿ֨֨óָڹβһͷֱë
ڣ
һֻҰ׵ִ˹ײ档
ֵָֻϸŮ˵֣ȴ԰׵ûа}˵ģָֻϵָ׶ʮϣָϵָ׶Ѿʼ
һֻžǵڶֻֻһ˫ڹײһŹײַһЦһӰǹײ
ǵӰĺܿ죬ֱһͰѹײĸǸƷɳȥԶĳ档
һڵϵĹײĸǣҵһһ϶ʮֵѶԸ
ҸϽֵͲڹײվǵӰȥǸʬȻǸŮˣһ£ͷϵͷɢţͷܳڸǿĿ
һԼ£ʱǸŮ˵ͷȻǰһ죬ڵסͷ˿ȥ¶
׼ģûһÿģǿһһǲˡ
ֻıӺ۾֪ʲôԭ򶼸ȥֻڵĿնѾûƤ⣬¶ɭɭİ׹ǣģֱܰѵС˸ֱ
ܳǼһһŮ˵ֱŵ﷢һֽС
һвҪŮ͵ضתͷȥֻڶ۾Ȼзһ˱ĿֲЦڹײһſ˹ȥ
Ů˽¾װ˵һٶȿľˣڿлһӰת۾͵ĸǰֱӰһŵͨһƨڵϣƨ
վԭһûǸŮˣĲµ˵ʲô
ŮȻ˽ʬǰ֪ʲôԭֻ۾˸˳ڵղ֮ûйңѡ裬ΪǼһĽ
ڿǼһﱻ׷۴ܣһ⿴ҪŴ״
ҵĻһ־ͰŴ˳ȥ
ֻЩŴžĴŮʬϣҵ۹ֽУź˹ȥҸϽ˸ƣǼһﵹҲ飬˸䣬ڵϣסԼͣһҲ
ҲվԭأİԼĺѹļͣʱķҲûа
ֻǽʬ˿֮ԭأȻǶһʱҲĿꡣ
ҸһֻǽʬȻһһĵĴҰеùǣȻԽԽ
ŵöҪˣ⻹һֱҿȵҪҵʱҲִ̼ܲһȥѵģ
ľ˹ȥ


33 
Ůʬһ˭˶סھͰңҪҵˣϻһ˵ĶұĵĻëһӾľͷľ˹ȥ
úܽǽʬûа취㿪һֻһľֱӾҵͷϡ
⽩ʬ֪жͷˣ͸࣬һͷ˿ûпϣֱһ顣
ҰһãŤͷܣһѾˣֻһͬţһĺһɴұϮ
ĳ棬ҵֱӸķ
ҸоԼ󱳵ĹͷҪײˣһ𣬺ûеѪ
һˤϣȻ۵죬Ǻ滹ǶҸͲϢڵ
ʱɿܵҵĸǰҸǵʵСʦû£
һﻹеģؼʱûֻԼ֪һѣԹС˲١
ҶҡҡͷʾԼû£ʱִǽʬţһĺԽԽ
ͷһֻۣѾǲԶҸϽһ裬˵ܣֿܣ
⽩ʬ۾ȫƾ˷ֿܹɢע
ҺһһңȾܣҰеùǣ⽩ʬȻȥ׷Ǽһǽظҵƨɺ档
һһ߲ͣ˳˧Ȼһʬϲתһ룬⽩ʬû۾ȻҲͷֲ嵽˭˧ȫǵùߵģ
˼ͷϵ亹ˣΪѾԽԽһͷһѾҾͻԶܲˣͣ½Ųҧҧľ׼
ȥģ
˭֪һû֣ǽʬʹһУžͿǼһӸ߸ߵֻǷڹײɽ־׼⽩ʬԴȥ
Σ治ɵĶǼһãͽ˵̰˵㣬ؼʱ̻ǺܽģΪ˾ңһȫļơ
һ죬еɽ־ʵʵľǽʬԴϡ
ԭΪӲĸһľɽ־ûϷǼһҪԴġ
û뵽ǣһȥǽʬ໵ĲҽһǱβ͵èһڵϵϸߣವһ¾Ͷ㿪Զ滹ڲͣطһĲҽС
һŪһͷˮǼһɫ׵ߵҸǰЩŵŶ㵽ǽǵĽʬ˵⡭ǣ
Դһ⽩ʬװʯͷײ治֪жˣɽ־һܳˣǱ˿ĸ⵽ײģɽ־ѹķ
뵽ֺ޲һһڵ鷳һּ̰ǳġ
Ұľݸһѽɽ־˹ղǽʬԿСҪˣҪɽ־Ը
Ȼǽʬһ£ڽеĸˣ˫־˹
ɽ־׼ӭȴķ֣ɽ־Ȼǲһ澵ӣҪǴǽʬԼҲͱǳָ׸ϼ
Ҳɵ氵һֶҪҵˣҸϽ㿪Ҫɽ־һֱֱֻĳҵؿץ˹
ʱûа취ֻðɽ־ǰֻһ죬⽩ʬ־ʹɽ־ϡ
Ȼɽ־סĹʵ̫󣬰Ҹźͷ˳ȥȻҸоǰһڣһˤʲô棬׸ĵۣԴκˡ
Ҳ˲ϵʹֻžҪվһģȫǱʯ壬ҾȻǽʬһӴĹײ棡
ײ˳ĵҶҪˣַŵأҪվһģϣȴֵķ߹ײȻƽġ
ײװ˵ģҪɵ棬еĹײ涼ƽģҪȻѵߣǿǴ󲻾ѽ
ЩֵһײĵĵײƴһȭͷС͹ȥȻĳֲһĶ
ѲжԾСְˣⷿΨһĳѾǴʯͷסˣǲҲѷɣͨǿϣ
ϸһǸ͹ȻһԼһָʯŰ˳ǹؼԱ߰һ¡
˭֪һ¾Ȼ˿ſоһᣬʱ洫Ǽһ۵ĽǽʬͣĺУ̧ͷ濴һֻۣһǽʬ׷ĵܣҲŲ˶ˡ
ͷɵĴ󼱣ͻȻ뵽ײͨ濪ģѹײĵĵװϣȻβǲˡ
뵽ڹײ˳ײϣϰȥǸɣһΡ
ֻǲһǲһӾͱҸ˳ִһǲֻǹײĵĵװѳƬ˿
ײһĶѨһһɭ֮Ҹ˵ǣǹϢȻ˵㣬ûаζз紵һж沢һܱյĿռ䣬ͨͨ
ĿƺһһڵʯݣطǱ˸ͨġ
֣һӾ˽ȥԴűǽʬϵһ躰ͨ
˵Ҿ͵ͷϸĴŽµͨ
µʯײֱֱ£ǰббȥֻڹ¡ˣҿͨͨʲôط
Ҵͨʱ򣬾ĹײԱߴһŲһֱ۴˹ײϡ
һץסֱۣǼһֱӸק˽ܡ
ǸһҾ;ЩԾΪץסֱۺӲҺһһһôֱۣ
뵽⣬ϵ亹һӾһĭûתͷУܳСʦˣ
ڵȻ֪ԼˣҾȻǸʬ˽

ʱǽʬҵ󷢳ЦЦҵĲӣЦȶ
֪ԼؿǵѪùˣͷҵһɨպÿղŴ򿪵Ĺײĵװ塣
Ҵһ͵תһž˹ȥ
ʱѾƴˣһþȫȻǽʬӲʯͷҵĽŲˣǱһŸߵббϣѾ˹ײ棬ֻһԴ̽һ˫ڶ۾ҡ
ʱﻹҳɣһץסһղű򿪵Ĺײĵװ壬һĺȥ
ǽʬʱӻڹײ棬ֻԴ쵽ͨУһ죬ʯպüסԴеóҲֱͣУֲϸӵͬĶһ


34 һ
ŮʬԴҼסͣ໴УĶʯ壬ʱҲǼˣ֪ҪʯƿҾǽˣþȫĶס
ʱһȻһҲ˽ʬѾסҴ죬ýԴ
ʱǽʬƺҲˣҪҧңʯؼĲӣֻǰ׷
ſȴһسͷ棬ͷҵϻȥ
ͷҺ壬ζѬҶҪ˹ȥͷﻹܹ˵ô࣬ƾĿˮεδ䵽ҵϣĶסʯ塣
費֪һʲôȻҾ治ͣĴһǽʬеĸӵңҾԼıһۣƿʯ塣
֪ýԴһ˭֪ʱִĽСʦӲһҿѽ
Ľ治ɰп࣬⽩ʬӸӲľͿ
ʱǽʬԽԽ󣬶ҵҪþˣȥҾ군ˣʱȻ뵽һ飬һϣ躰ûŮˣ
һԱҵĻŪˣ˰ſЦ˵Сʦⶼʲôʱˣ㻹п飬Ŀ󡣡
ĸΪʦ˵ӵѪûŮ˵֮ͯѪϵ㡣
ʦ˵СѪЧõģû֮ǰϵѪ㣬ѪͿĨľ棬ܿö⽩ʬڶͷˣҲûбİ취ֻðϣеǼһϣʮˣҹϣã
Ҷ˵˵ǳҪѽ
ȻʵЩŵеĽǼһĬ죬Щ͵˵ûһûǲǿңûҵ۵ġ
˵ⶼʲôʱˣĻ˼Щ£û뵽һﵽڻǸ֮һ죡ѪĨϣ
ҵĻƺһ£ȻҾһУȻһﲻ֪Լˣ۵֣ͣȻһȥѵģ
ҾһҲסʯˣľ˳ʯ׹ȥԶʱҵͷǽʬһҽУžҲû˶
һƬȳѪˮһͷͼһںĶĹҽ£ǽʬԴ
̧ͷȥֻûͷſڹײ棬ӴѪڲͣһҵϡ
Ҳ˲ϱˤۣͳһžһǽʬԴ棬ͷȻˣǻһֱĹֽУֽһȥʵˡ
ʱѾ۵ľƣĽʬ廹ڲͣĵεδϵѪȳζѬҿҪסˡ
Сʦû£ʱǼһڹײ̽ԴҺ
˰֣˵ˣܲȰŲҿѬˡ
ҵĻǼһﲻסĵͷȻľͰǽʬӸ˳ȥ
Ϣһᣬоָ٣ǽʬԴȥʱ򷿼ѾûΣգʺͨںģ֪ûΣգûȥ
һȥͿһڵϣűڰԼĴȣ治ͣİӴϵĽţһղ鼱֮¾ȻľԼĴȡ
ߵǰ£еû£
Ȼһ˲ٵ鷳һΣѾӡöˣ۲ڰƣҿʲô̫ȱ㡣
һﳯҰ˰֣˵û£˵㣬û°ɣ
ҸԼû£ȻҽضһɵĹЦ
Цһ̧ͷͷˮңΪʧķˣһʲôһǵͨ죬ջĶ˵˵ˣǿңСү۹ߣ治֪жŮҪǣ
һ˵Եĵе㲻㣬ԼԼˣѵÿһԱЦĶӶˡ
˭֪һȴǹһЦ˵Ѳ˯Ůˡ
ĻҵƤɵһǱ˸һƣϽЩεĿ
ҴС͸ʦŮǵǲ٣Ů˻ûҲȷʵûʲôʸЦһ
Ҳ˵һ֪ԼˣֵЦ֪һҪϽǬ˵ϻˣ⽩ʬĻ˵
ӹǬ㬵ıͣ䣬ǽʬĻǸǬ档
һǽʬѪϻͷ˼£;öģطûˮϴҲֻţ浹ǻвˮǶǵˮطȱˮȱԵĸҪЩˮԲ˷ѡ
ô죬СʦϢĲˣʵ
ѾϣƾҲŪֻ߹ײͨһ͸ʯͷֿˣҲ֪Ǽһôˣһʱ϶Ҳˡ
ҷʱǼһȴͻȻתͷ˵Сʦж
ҸϽ֧䣬һȻžžⷿ棬·
аˣһץϵľߵǶסſڵʯߣ˼£ĺ˭棿
ʱĽŲһ£ȻһϤޱȵҡ
Ҹʯͷġ
ô棿ʯͷЩֵʵ
»ͷ˵ڱˣ㿴ûܹŵĵط
ʯͷһִĽŲӦѰʲô֮Ķ
һᣬִʯͷʧʲôûУʯŴ򲻿
ұûбʲôϣĻ֮˵û£һͨǲ֪ͨǿʱҪֿˡ
ʯͷһ˵ҵǡ
֪һıӱȾȮĻҪ飬ֻҪǻĹ棬Ӧܹҵǡ
ʱû°ɣղŵǸʲô
ղŰʯͷߵĶûп壬ĿӦǸµˡ
ȻҵĻ֮ʯͷشһˣֺסҲʶ
ҳһ벻Ǹ˾ȻôʯͷһﶼסҳԾ˵Ҳʶ
ɽʱһǰģɽﻹʶˣ
ֵʵ˭


35 
ʯͷ˵ղŰߵ˾ȻǵһˣвɵĴ֣ǰһˣﻹˡ
ҸϽʯͷʵ˭
ҵĻʯʯͷĬƬ̣ͳɤ˵硣
һ£͸ֳһǸĹկկģ
ղӰʯͷһʱӣʯͷûֿ˵Ǹǿĺܣ벻ȻǸϵ·ε磡
⵽ô£ûаͷʯͷһ߳ĬҲһͷˮߵŴͣԾ˵ģȻ˲ò࣬벻ϼһȻǸ֣
鵽ԵأھԴҲ벻еĹؼҼ򵥵ĸʯͷһ£Źײͨȥ
ͨһţһʼ˳ʯбб£˺ȻǱֱǰͨͦߣֱҲõԴʯڡ
ǰ棬ͻȻͨһҸϽŤͷȥֻǼһֵڵվͨ治֪жû߹ˣ̦ĺܣһﲻСıˤ˸ʺ
û°ɣ
û£ߡƨɣ
ûжԶǰƺ˻ˮ
ǰѲкӣ
뵽治ɵ˷ǽʬĳѪϻͷ˸飬һֱǿţҪϴϴʲôǿ
ǰǲˮͣ½Ųʵ
ǼһҵĻҲͣ˽Ų֧һᣬȻϴ˷֮ɫ˵ǺӣСʦǰкӣ
طڵ͵Ŀ˹صòһȻܶҪȻƾǾԲɽͳôĿռģȻܶôе°ҲͲ֡
뵽˵ؼӿ˽Ųһ·Сܵǰȥ
ͨûжԶѾ˾ͷǰһޱȾ޴ĶѨټϹ߲ãҾȻⶴѨĶ;ͷ
һ߳ͨǻˮøӵˣֵͲһգȻǰ治Զһ°ӣⲻͣš
ȻҺ嵽ȥϴϴⶴڹ¡ˣ˭Ҳ˵׼ûΣգҺûȵӱߣǴֵͲµһȦûʲôΣգһźӱ߾˹ȥ
û뵽°ӻͦϰףֵͲչȥ԰Σˮм俴ȥأη
Ҳܲôˣ嵽ӱһϵˮͦǳģǺˮ峺ףֵһգܿڰȥİɫС㡣
ЩС͸ģû˵СĴָ۾һĤȻǳڵ°棬գ۾˻¡
Ұϵ·ӱߣֻմĽʬѪˮɢ˳źˮƮԶ
վˮУúõİԼϴ˸ɾˮҲͣĶ£ãϴɾ˾͸Ͻ
·ǲܴˣҺʱ׼һ·Ͻڱͳϣʱˬࡣ
ʱǼһںӱߣźˮ˼ڣҺСʦˮ𣬱ȿȪˮǿˡ
ҲߵӱߣڣȻȪˮ䣣ԶȻȪˮ
أߵȴͻȻһѣ˵Сʦʲô
һһЩԾϽʱֻԶ˻죬ķˮΣʲô޴Ķڷźˮγ
ԽԽҺһֶۣԷˣ֪Ծһܣ
ʱ˭Ҳҵ󣬿Ҿο񱼣ֻûжԶһ죬ʲôˮ
һͬХһľ޴͸ǳɽ졣
Ҳ֪ʲôͷҺܹԸġ
ʱǰһʯͷҸϽһ裬˵صǺȥ
ǿʯͷС㹻˲ǶӦûûзǣһҪغá
ҺϽ㵽ʯͷ棬ʱСĵͷźȥ
ǸͲҿֵ磬ԾͿ澿ʲôֻĿһ޴ĺɫӰǺˮм䡣
ϸĴһӰӣֻ¶ˮĲ׸ߣԲεģֱһ׿⣬һ޴ߡ
ʱһĹǷһ޴ĺ֮ҵߣǽŵòᣬͰ͵˵ССʦһѽôô󣡡
˸ƣ죬ҪⷢǾͲˡ
ҵĿ⣬ĶӦþһߣֻҲ̫ˣҺ˼ƶģôܳô
ޱȣתһ룬ⶴص£գЩϡŹֵĶҲֻ̫֣Һǣôֵǡ
һͷֿһۣһֱǸղͣĵطʱˣ϶Ҹղ·
·մ˽ʬѪˮΣֶֶѪҺζΪУ϶ǱЩѪζġ
뵽Һ޲óԼͣҵǣͣԭأûмǰһᣬûзʲôֻˮ춯ǻͷȥͼǸ޴ĺӰˮС
ǹһºӵˮλ߲٣ֻˮϷһ޴˻ζȥ
Һ迴ˣǴһһƨڵĴϢţղǾ޴Ĺ޸ǵѹȸмֱ޷ݣôһСᣬϵ·ʪ͸ˣ־ǰֱûʲôֱ
Һ費Ϣ̫ãٻڸϽߵԶԶĲźá
ǶȻȥˣǵȻȥֻºߡ
ԽߣˮԽǻ˺漸һǳǳСϪ
ʦ㿴ǱʲôʱȻָ̧֣Ŷ԰˵
˳Ŀȥֻ԰һ̨̨Ӿǲtһܴġ
ѵĹ²Ȼ˵ߣǹȥ
ºӵѾһСϪмĵطҲոҵСȶӣҺ貢Ŷȥ
˭֪ߵһ룬һͻȻŤͷֵĶ˵
ұһһ㶣
ûҼһЩһ
˭ˣһֲڿЦͻȻһ£תͷȥȴʲôҲûз֡
ǵҵͷʱȴŵһӾ
ΪҿһŲ԰׵ʱˮϣ¶һޱȵЦݡ


36 ʬ
Ưˮ֮ϣ԰׵ͬһֽҿȥΪĹ죬۾ûƤһĹĵĴţûбںĶϻ˰ɫëǷùһ
ҸյͷͶѿ죬ЦЦݿһĺëһˮֱ
豻һ۾ңҪô£ͼϪˮͻȻϸֱֱۣҲ˰ëһѾץסСȣȻһҽУһᣬͨһԵϪˮС
ӵϪˮ棬ǸĳסĽŲӣźȥƾһ໴УѲˡ
ҿξͼˣһľź˹ȥ׼ץסŲӵ˫־Ϳȥ
ֻһ죬ľֱӿëֱۣˮĶ໵һҽУ˫Ҳ˿
ҸϽˮзһʪ͸ɫҰףղŻǺ˼ˮͣĿԡ
ߣˮǾԲٴˣһһŶ԰˹ȥ
һϰҲһʱǴڵĿ˼£ŵʵղʲô
ҸղѾˣʮа˾žǴ˵еˮӡ
ˮҲˮˮȻûм⣬ǴСʦ˵ʦ˵ⳤĸ˺ͺӶмƣˮˮʱ
źصֻҪ˾ͻ˸Ͻˮһ뿪ˮ군Ѿ˰ߣӦûˡ
ˮӣû£ʵ
һջһ˵ϣѿһߣҾͿһСϲɫٺۣǸղˮӸץġ
ϵЩٺۣҲɵĵһһڿ϶ۡ
Ȼϣһ۵죬治ͣ໰ڱͳһƿ컨ͶϽࡣ
˭֪ʱСϪȻִһ죬ҸϽŤͷһֻֻˮھȻͷ̽ˮ棬ֱǡ
ԴԵĲЭԴĳ棬ӲֻСô󣬶϶ϸϸëЩë沼˶ĵճҺ
ҿˮǣͻˣˮҿܸɲ㣬Ҳ㣡
˭֪뷨ˮӾһ˹һ˫۾ֵͲ·ɫĵĹâ
ҲݣҲݣСʦˣһˮӾȻˣŵòᣬ໽žҪܡ
ʲôҲˮ㿴ôʰҶ躰һɤӣ˽ľ
Ǽһе㲻ģɵһۣҲûٺˡ
ұΪˮֻεߣͲϰģû뵽һε֮֫ڵһţȻ
֫ŵأСһԴĴ󣬶һһŸ˺ƵȥҲ͸ӵĹ죬ϻеεδճҺԶҶŵǹȳζ

һϣѿǷЦǸӽһȥ˱Ťĺܣһеʱ˿̣ȥ͸Цһ˸оëȻ
û뵽ȻĸܵϣȻЩûףһǴһľͳ˹ȥΪǿôҲռȻ
ҳȥľͿȥԭΪҲˮһ㣬˭֪ڰͬһͶһ
ȻˣȻҪأҪȻùľңҿ㿪ľͳ˹ȥͣĿš
ⱻ׷ĵܣٶ̫죬׷ôëûпҸ۵ţ·ʪ͸ˡ
һȥҺȻǰһӾͲˮӵӰӣ֣ҪͷѰңȴǼһҺ棡
ʮֽһ֪²ãһͷȻˮӲ֪ʲôʱȻܵҵĿ棬ʱ͵ſ죬¶һһļҵĿɾҧȥ
һ°ŵûɢﲻҧƫƫҧҵĿɣҳôûŮˣܱҧ
ľ̫´̣һѾͶһУþȫˮӵԴͼ˿档
һûüɿ͸оԴһһ¼ҪҵĿơ
ԭ϶ǻճҺ׸סʱҲǼۣһ˫һӿסĲӣʹİ˵ϡ
ⱻһϣʼͣϵĴֻצӲһͰҵֱ۸ץѪֱ
̧ͷһԿɵ۵躰Ÿʲôѽ
ҵĺǼһǻعܵҸǰһѾץ˵ϵľˮӵԴͷľȥһ滹ƵĲͣš
տʼˮӴ󣬿Ǻļˣֱҵһ
ʱ軹ľͣţеĽ¾ͻмҺ䵽ҵϣζȳҲ֪ˮӵѪϵճҺ
ҵͷһֻˮӵԴڶѾҳһ̲࣬װ׵Ҳ֪Խʲôһأĵ¡
һˮĲˣϽɿ֣Żľͣҵ躰ˣˡ
ҵĻ֮˼£һڿˮ˵ɣСү
һ۵ĿҪˣһֻ氲֣ʦĶ˵ˮˮһ½Ͼ군С򲻹
ôڰҲôʦ˵ˣͲˮӣ
ôԴѾ˸ϡãҲûа취͵Ϯˡ
ϢһᣬǲtһĶȥĿڶ֮ԣԱߵĶǳһڵĴ󶴣
ʲô⣿Ǹڷʱȴһߣʵ
˳ĿȥֻߣԼԶĵطһ޴ˮأʱǸˮƯһƬ׻Ķ
ȥֵˮأ˵һ˹ȥ
ߵˮرߣǳ׵ıˡ
ֻˮһôװˮǸղſЩ׻ĶȻ˵ʬ壡
ֻˮƯϰپʬ壬Щʬ嶼ûд·ȫŮ˵ġ
˿ֲĳҳе־֮⣬мֲ⣬ЩʬˮУΪʲôûиá
ҿˮһˮڣº滩ͣųˮʱҲ̲סˣڵϿ
ʱǼһҲӦ˹ֽһǸղźȵľˮ˵ֱ˳
˶ûпڴʱˮһŮʬȴͻȻ۾֮бһɣ


37 ط
Ǹղκ˲ºӵĺˮڿȻƮʬ壬˭Ҳס
ڵϣѵ֭³ˣһǾһĶģ̧ͷһֻЩŮʬеһ߾ȻƮ˹ҪǣˮϣͷţӼ˾ʮȣŮʬ۾ȻŵģֱĶǡ
Ůʬ۾һëҲ˲϶ˣľһǿҵΣǿ
һ裬̧ͷÿǾŮʬŵ˺ü
ˮŮʬȫǹӣƯˮϣֵǵӾˮﲻ֪жˣȻһҲиܵļ󣬾ҲûС
ЩŮʬһģӶǹ͵ϴ󣬿ȥǻ߰˸µиһǵƤҰףһܿƤϵһ
֣ѵĳֵ׼׼ƷǻеŮˣҲ̫һ㡣
˭֪ʱˮͻȻžһ죬ʲô˿Ǽһ￴ǰ棬ͷŵ໹ֽžȥ
˳ȥһĺëը
ֻǸѾǲԶŮʬȻͷڿǣֻԭ͵ĶھȻ˿һѪģĶĶ䶯Ȼվ
ҸζĵĶܣֻŮʬĶʱҡҡλεֱһѪԴ
Դֻ࣬մѪȥ˶ĵܡ
ŮʬĶ˳ſŴʱҲſ壬ⶫȻǸղŴˮӡ
;ˮû뵽ǶȻЩŮʬĶܳģˮϰپŮʬҲɼѵһͷĭͷƤе㷢顣
ʱǸſŮʬŴˮһĶͻȻɵķܽһȻ󣬵Ҳ
һĽҾ;òͷΪһٻҸоʲôҲԸ⿴Ҫ
ȻˮŮʬȻȫǵĶңҡҡλεģǴĶصŤһ
ͷƤͨ˵һһķ飬žˮ治ͣĴžžֻЩŮʬĶһһıһѪȻһѪģĶ˳һܲĽֱĶŰߵǡ
֪ͷһܣ
һòѣܵһҽظĺ棬֮ҲûĿģһͷǺĶ档
ⶴ쳣һ㶼ӵʱͣĴɵһͷһֻЩھȻ˰ϣظ׷˹
ٶȲڹһٶֻҪǱ׷϶ᱻϡãҺ趼֪ǰܡ
˭֪ûжԶǾܵľͷֵ̧ͲһգҺ趼ɵİ
ԭľͷֻһһСƽ̨ûһ·Ǳ׷һͬ
ʱɽǸӵĽˣŰˣתͷңСʦô죿
ʱ֪ô죬һᣬҧҧҪͷЩתͷʱȴǰʯھȻǱֱϣбһʯ滹вٵĿӿݣȻ俪ġ
ЩҾץס˾ĵһקһ裬˵죬ȥ
ʯһ¶ȣЩ˹Сӣôûж󹦷Ǿ˲Զ
ֵͲһգѾ׸ߣɵͷЩҪˤȥƵͻύټұЩ¸ߣԿԴеκ
ʱ洫һɹֽУֻЩһӶӿ˽мֻ̧ͷǣɵĽ±ڣǾͳ˹
ȻߣҺһۣϽӿٶ˹ȥ
ϱűңٶûж죬ЩһһģһҵĽ¡
Ҽˣľһֻ˹ȥͼⷢһֽУֱӵȥҲ֪ûˤ
ʱĹԽԽ࣬ʯϻ֪жߣ治ɵİп࣬Ǽһ棬Щһľҡ
ԽԽЩ治ɵİľͿʱмֻҸȥЩ̫࣬һмֻҵĽ¡
Ҳͣýţֱ۶ˣЩǲͣĳ氵룬عҪ군ˣҪˡ
˭֪ʱǵͷȴͻȻһ𣬽һɫӰӾ±Ʈ
ӰӵٶȺܿ죬ټϸղŵҽһһһֵȥȴǲɵİˣΪޱȵϤʯͷǼһġ
ʯͷһȻģֲٱҺҪǿˣڸʱҰĲ١
ֻʯͷ±ڲͣ£һҵĸǰһֱֻۣһϣ˵ߣ治Զ͵ͷˡ
ҸϽ˼ԶûмΪĶʵ̫࣬ʯͷԸˣؼʱҲܴ֡
ǼһҲûмܣԱߣͣĴڴϢţȻղŸ۵Ĳᡣ
ʱʯͷѾЩˣֻһֻʯڣһֲֻͣĻĺڵһ±صܶһֻֻ˵Ĺﲻͣı±֮¡
һʼЩĳ壬ŪʯͷһæңûãҲЩ⻹е̵ģ֪ϳҲûкôԶſ±ϲǰǶǲͣķɵĹֽУмͷ˹ҲʯͷһƬֱˤȥ
ЩⱻˣһȥҲǰ취һǾ׷鷳ˣҪ취Щ߲С
뵽һһ㣬ȻԼıҽͳǰֻʣһۻƷۡ
ۻƷ۵ζ̱ǣܹ߳ϣǲ֪ЩûãڷѾûбİ취ˣҴֽһʣµۻƷȫȥ
̱ǵζѬҺ˼磬ҵǣۻƷһЩͷһĹУȻ´ֻĹЩȫ˵һʣۻƷ۶ǹȻá
Щˣʯͷߣָָ˵治Զ͵ͷˡ
ҵ˵ͷôҵǵģʯ֮ϲ˵ĵطȥ˵
˭֪ʯͷʱȴǶָָ棬˵ҪСһ㣬йŹ֡


38 
ĻһϽʵʲôŹ֣
˭֪ʯͷȴҡҡͷ˵ҲطҾһֱʲôԾ
Ǳ˵ȥԭǷֿ֮ǸŹֵȻʯͷǰϿ϶ʲôܣʯͷȻŹ׷
ϵĲӣٶȱʯͷҪ죬ʯͷþȫҲ׷ϲϣԵڹʯͷֱ
ӵ֣絽ʲôˣôʲôͼһԽԵأʱһˣҲ֪ʲôطӽɽ֮ǾͺƾʧһҲûǵİϢ
һǾȥŷǰһĶѨͷĿѨдǳԾѲɽȻȫǿյ
ҳԾĻǰΣֻǲԶȻһƬĺ
ҴֵͲǰһգֻǰһƬһͷĺɫĻֵЩûҶӣֻһͺͺĻˣ涥һͬ˵ȭͷһСĻ䡣
ɫͬ˵Ѫһ㣬ĴۣһһϸЩ궼رһ⻨ȥͬסȭͷһ㡣
벻ڵĵ¿ռоȻܿʺĻ䣬Щڶ࣬ľһƬһ
Һ趼ǰĻ𾪵Ŀɿڴ濴ȫ˶ĺµĶ뵽ͷȻһƬķ羰
ЩȻһǾЩͷΪطգô˶ĺɫ䣬ЩɫѪҵĸоΪĲ
⡭ʲôתͷֵʵ
ֻʯͷĬƬ̣˵ЩܾǴ˵еı˰
Ļһ˰˵ģֻֽн֮˵ǵеĽʹߣκԣָ߹κţܵظ
˰һǧ꣬һǧ꣬Ҷһִ˵ֻڵвųֵĻ䡣
뵽һѲѾڵ
Ҿľýֱһ£һȫעĴƬһ̣۵໽ŤͷֵңСʦˡ
һһķӦ֪ۣǾ֤ڻţҸϽǸ˵˼Ҳǹġ
ǼһȻе㻳ɣû˵ʲôֻԱŲ˼ԶԶġ
ʯͷûСǰƬ˵ܾЩйŹ֣ҪСһ㡣
˵ͷñһ£һɵζǹζܵϸŸŲζƺʲôħһ㣬ֹס˼¡
ʱʯͷָǰ˵ղ׷磬ܵģҪǵҾ׷ȥˡ
˳ָȥֻƬмȻһԼԼС·Ƭ֮УϸʱԷֲ˵ġ
ϢƬ̣׷ȥ϶֪ʲôܣܰץסôһҲ⿪
ߵС·Աߣһǰı˰ʱûĲ⻨Ǹһֺܲȫĸо
ʱߵʯͷɫͻȻޱȣߵЩ˰Աߣеĺڵ˰ǿЩĸ
ЩһҺ趼̲סĵһұΪЩҲȫû뵽ʯͷĵһӳľȻһһؿݻƵĹͷ
ֻЩ˰ĸȻҲѪɫģЩϸľһͷһץסЩݻƵĹͷ
ҸϽ߹ȥһֻҵһͷЩͷԶģֻ֪˶ˣЩͷѾơ
벻Щ˰ȻȫЩ˹ͷϵģЩ˹ǵִ
һƬ޴ĻͷɵһƬ˵ľ޴Щ̵Ķ˹ǣôҪˣ
뵽һļƤ񣬾ЩëȻϽͷŤһߡ
ֻʱվҵߣһֱЩ˰ֵֻһ۾գһ£ƺɵˣȴֳָһĨΪЦݡ
һۣ֪һڸʲôãֱ񣬻ĨЦݣľЩͷ̧־ļһ£ôˣ
һȥͼ軺̧ͷֻ۾ֱңĨЦŨ˼֡
һڵȻһҰ޲е׹⣬ǵĨЦ⿴ȥޱȵĹ죬òͷղľһһ£ҪҰɡ
ҸҪô£ͼһ͵ؾ˿ͻȻһͬҰһĺУǽҲĹ죬ԲܹȻһţһѾͱסҵļյҼۡ
ʲôһһѱסһϽʵ
˭֪ûҵĻһǳҹһЦ죬ͬҰһ㣬¶һڰҵĲӾҧ
һʼΪһⶺ棬ҿЦأƣһҪҧңҿһĴɵĻɢһүģ
͵һŤҪѳĿƣ˭֪һľһͷţסҵֱֻǯһҾȻûѿ
ۼĴҪҧҵĲӣҼǣһһӾŵϵȥֱҽƬ˰档
һҲŵֻûа취ҧˣɿֱ֣ӾҽЩ˰棬һؾ´һžž֪϶Щ˹ǱҸѹˡ
һҾͻæǻûվȣӾ͸߸ߵԾͬһֻһҾ˹
׼һڵôˣȻľҲȥټٶʵ̫죬һûӦͱ˵ڵء
ֻϣֻİסҵֻ֣ͣҵĲҧ
һû˰취ۼҪҧҵĲӣֻһĺȴͻȻһ죬һһֱӾ͵ҵϡ
ֻʯͷվźڵĵ˻Ȼղžõ˾ҡ
Ұȥڵʯͷʵô£һôˡ
ʯͷͷЩʲôƬ̺Ŷ˵Ҳ֪
Ȼ֪һôͻȻʧķˣһǰڻ˳
ͷһֻʯͷǼһﻹվڻһЩ֣һ˭֪û˵̧ͷһۣûйЦݵϾȻֳһĨޱȵЦݣոһģһ


39 ̳
ʯͷıҵͿһӣҾÿҪ£һĭʵ㡭ôˣ
ʯͷûлشҵĻֻ̧ͷֱңʮֵĹ죬Ҿǿʲô˼Ķһ
ߵǿʼֳ̣һЦݣԽԽϣЦҲԽԽ졣
һֱЦЩǻ᲻Цˡ
˭֪ʱֻʯͷͻȻѿһѪڣұҲһѪڣ龰ҲɵëȻȻİԼЦˣ
ʱȫɵˣʯͷڲͣЦţֻĨ΢ЦʯͷͻȻһϸϸѪ˿
ЩѪ˿鲼ԽԽʺѪͣ£ǱָƤһ鲻ͣ£ͷƤҲ
ֻһգ۵ĹǰʯͷȻһûƤ⣬ѪģĹ
ڵʯͷѾûһƤ⣬ɹЦţ¶ŰɭɭݻѪ
ʱҵͷҲ֪׷ʲô飬ʯͷ˫͹۾ضңҾûܵһǿҵΣա
Ҳܲˣһתͷܣʯͷȴǲ֪һʲôҾͣĴŲȻ׷
ʯͷ֪ģҲĶ֣ûƤĹٶȴһҲûмҸոܳŵһɼصѪζѾҵıˡ
ղŵ龰̫ˣҵ̼ĻѾʧˣоҴһľ濳˹ȥ
ʯͷֺ֪һʲôһһߡ
ڿҪˣҳһţľͣʯͷɵĹ￳ţֵֻǣǹȻûзһ߶һ߶ҲͣڽʲôֻĽһҲ
ҲͣĿͲͣܣڣ۵ҲܲˣýŵأڵĴϢţǰʯͷŤͷһۣȻ治ͣ˵ʲô˹
ڵʯͷѾûƤѪĶܿһ¶Ľ⣬ֲ龰ҼֱҪˣľľ
ʱѾû˰ٽҲģǸûƤʯͷߵҵĸǰһѾץסҵֱۣľҲ˵ϡ
ֶҴ˼ֵҸ˵ʲôһſֲҪҵϣþȫһ˹ȥ
ֻһͱܿһţȻһƵҵ󣬽Ҿ;Լĺϴһʹ۷ڣʱʧȥ֪
Ҳ֪˶ãһ۾ӳǰľȻǼһһŴ
ֻһĵĶңۣеʵСʦоô
ҸоԼĺ۵ĸըһһһͻȻ˸ղڱ˰ЩоҸϽŵ˼ͷһû׷ԵЩ֡
һһѾָˣһʯͷҵֿһӣתͷȥֻԱ߲ԶһˣʱŤͷңʯͷǸһ
һϸһڵûаı仯һʯͷһղŵĿֲݾȻָ
ȻڵʯͷһҲ£滹Ǿò̤ʵʵղšղôһ£
ҵʻ̯̯֣ʾҲ֪飬ʯͷȴǿڶ˵ЩйŹ֣ղ˻þ
Ļסˣתͷһ룬ղЩǼһʧ̬ģֿʯͷı仯
ʯͷȻЩŹ֣ǾԲܱûƤĹ˵һжǻþҽܡ
һڵԼȻ۵ĺףȥֻѾЩаٶ׵ľ룬ʯͷϵطġ
ҿһ裬ŸղһһҧңͱҧˣͲɵҪѵһ£һԼղŽ׷ʯͷҿҲòȥҲͷŹ
ƬѪı˰Ÿղվʱŵǹɵζ治ɵһ£ЩȻǿҵԻ˵ã
תͷһʯͷǼһΪʲôûбЩζԻ󣬲תͷһ룬һǸʧҲǰʣת˻⣬˵⻨ôô졣
ЩûʲôرģֻǵζܹԻˣǴϿӦû¡ʯͷƬ˵
ʯͷĻҸϽѱ˹֪طɽжʱ׼˼֣û뵽ó
ҰѿֶһһﺦһڵĲʵһһҪʯͷ˭֪ȴǰ˰֣˵ҲҪ
ȻһΪʲôЩ˰ζûжʣһ֣ʯͷ˰еС˹ȥ
ղŲС˵˴һҲҴ⣬Ȼ֣ɲģֽţŪҺЩѡ
ŤͷһǼһñһҪʵǵͨ죬͸ƨһҿӲЦһҲ±
˳С·ǰ˴Լ׵ӣС·ߵ˾ͷֻǰĻ֮оȻһ򳡲Сƽء
߽һƽؾȻȫƽʯ̳ɵģÿһʯһСǾΪϸĵ
ߵ㳡ϣ̧ͷȥֻ㳡мȻһһ˸ߵĵǵҲ֪ʲô̶ɣ¶ڵɫȻһͷŭ˻ĺɫߡ
ɫߵĵҲɵסˣΪʮֵ죬͸ʯͷƵһģһ
֣ѾҵοֺɫĹˣһʯͷĺϣڶξҵĴϣξ
ҿߵʯͷһۣ治ɵİ֣ѲһĹųĹϵ
ʱǿһӣͻȻĵ°Ǹһľ޴ȻʱûпǹľģӦһ޴ɣѵһߣ
ʯͷɫߵĵû˵̧˹ȥҺϽ󣬿ǵǿҪߵǵ֮ǰʱ򣬽ȴͻȻ˹ǲȵһϣǿյķ졣
ǸϽͣ˽ŲͷһֻǴʱһɫԲϣط̵ĲЩʯҶһ飬ɵĴһ¾Ȼǻͭ
ֻǽµͭһܹԲΣֱңι״ĻƣһĳͼڣΪֵǣⶫȻǿյģǽŲȵŻᴫ˵
ܴ򿪣ʱͻȻָͭмλãǴĺ
ߵǰһȻͭ鲻һ壬ϵһģΪмһϸϸߣֳ룬ǹһ


40 Ѫ
û뵽ͭȻ飬Һԣ϶һصͨľ֮ͨǿ׷Ѱܣ
ʯͷվ֮ͭϣ˵Ǹζȥˡ
ҳһİеľͭм䣬쳣ҾþȫҲһ
ʱҪæʯͷȴǶǻ˻֣˵÷ˣͨǴ򲻿ģҪҵĻء
ʯͷĻҲͲٰ׷ҪȥĻأ̧ͷÿɫߵĵ
ֻߵһðɵƽ̨Ȼ֪˹ͷȥɽӨҪõȥ϶Ǽֵǵϡ䱦
Ǽһ۾ֱˣҹҪʯ̫һͳȥˡ
ߵĲҲĳʯǺɫģȥƺһصĺɫ⣬Եʥޱȡ
ǰ龰Ҷ϶طӦĳּ̳ӦþɫĴߡ
ߵǰֵķ֣ɫʯƽ̨ϣȻҲǶһԲεͭ顣
ͭƴС˱ȵϵǸҪС֮⣬ĵطȻһģһֻмûǵϸߣԵһ飬мһһϸĿ׶֪ʲôõġ
֣벻ͨطôһͭ鵽ʲô˼֮ͭϵ̵ЩֵͼڣԽԽаĳص
ʱʯͷȴͻȻñԲεͭ˼£̧ͷ˵ѪζǸµġ
ĻҸϽֵͲϸļͭ飬мĿնȻż˿ѪѪһ
ʯͷ˵ѪζǸµģӦòŪֵֻǸ絽ΪʲôҪѪĿʲô
ͭ飬һ۵ϵͭţһ󵨵Ĳ룬ѵͭǴͭŵĹؼͭŵİ취ҪעѪ
ҽԼĻɶʯͷ˵ˣʯͷͷ֪ЩʲôǼһȴһ֪ͳһСһ
˵ž߹ȥ־ٵǿ׶֮ϣҧͻȥѪʱ˳εδȫǸС档
ұһĶһ벻Ȼүǣ˵ɾ͸ɣһģƺۡ
ǽĶǸ׶ֻѪֻʮΣ׶ѾװˣϽջֱۣס˿ڣضǸͭ顣
ֻһʼ沢ûκεĶǹ˴Լһң̨ȴͻȻһֵ춯ںˮһǶһ
žͼεǿ׶еѪһȫʧˣǱʲôһ
ʱļָֻ̳ƽҳȴһͭŵĴ򿪡
˭֪ͭûд򿪣Ǽ̳ȴǷһֵڴһವһ죬һɫĶǿ׶֮зɿ˳
ǱһΪʲô˳ֻǺɫĶɵգȻɢһĶͷǡ
һЩȻѪ
һûзӦͼǼһֲӣһӾֵ˵ô£Ѫ໹ô
Ȼ֪ΪʲôְѪ˳ɾطǿǵͭŵĹؼľߵǰ󣬰ԼѪȥ
˭֪ҵȻǼһһǵνȥûж೤ʱ䣬ֱָ˳ͺʲôܹƷѪζԲθڡ
һ¸ͷëð𣬾һΣ˭֪ҸովֱȴʯͷһֻߵǼ̳ϣüͷ˵ǵѪУҪҵġ
ĻĲᣬ˵ѪѲɾͱǵĸ߹󣬲תһ룬һѪܷס꣬ǱǵҪһ㣬ҿüͷţʲô⣬ûпڣ˵һߡ
ֻʯͷĺڵѪһεεĵȥȻִ̳֮˹˵ֻһѪû
ֻѪȥ̳֮쳣İҺҳľʲôҪʯͷʱ;վڼ̳ϣͷһֱʹţҿı飬ĸоʲô鷳вɵЩġ
Ҫ߹ȥôˣǻûŲ̳֮ȴͻȻһ
ǽײȥĳֻɴ򿪵ʱ򷢳
ִ֨֨һ춯ҸϽתȥֻͭŴʱȻ˹ȥ¶һںĶѨ
ҿѨЩܵϣ쳤˲̽ͷ̽ԣֻһʯݣбб¡
ʯ׾ȥǻͷһֻʯͷվԭأһ֣˹ȥʵôˣ
ҵĻʯͷ͵̧ͷֻֻ۾ھȻͨһƬüͷҸһһﲻʧķ˰ɡ
˭֪Ȼһƨ˵ϣ˫ĽסͷԵʮֵʹࡣ
Ҳ֪ôˣʶ֮һǵһο¶ѹı飬оЩ̣ߵǰļοһ£ʵôˣ
ʯͷͷ̧ضң˵ط
һ͸һû뵽Ȼطҽŵʲôʱ
˭֪ıԵøӵʹ࣬ͳɤӶ˵Ҳ֪벻ˣҼǵͺüˣһͭžҴ򿪵ġ
ʯͷЩҸ֣طһͺöһôЩ˾ʲôˣʯͷֵʲô
һǸĶڣľ·޾ء
ʯͷڵһᣬ˺ܶ࣬վƽǸڣ˵ߡ
Һظⶴһʼխ˺ǱֱǰԽԽͨ磬һҲԵóʪҸеЩ֣ѲطȻ
ԽߣͨԽӿ󣬶ΧȻһںĿնЩںںģҲ֪ͨʲôط
ʱǸоЩںĶѨʲôڿһҵĺֹסһ
ʱҺȻоһɱĶȻҵŲϣʱҵŸո̧𣬿ǲסҵǸĳ棬һӾˤڵأҾ;һɾ޴ҵӿٵȥ


41 һ
ǶһӣһӾͲҵĽŲϣĳ棬ˤ֮󣬽žϡ
Ҹһ֪浽ʲô⣬һڵץȴһҲ˱ȥٶȣƤڵĥۡ
ܳʱʯͷ跢ҵ쳣һŤͷҾ˹ǺסҵĶ󣬶ٶҲ죬û׷ҾֱӱקһѨ档
µҪþȫڵϷ˹ñŵأŬ̧ͷֵͲǰȥ
ֻǰһţһĺںӰӣ嵽Ǹʲô⣬ֻͣķĽһ
ֵͲһԼĽŲֲסҵĶȻһֱ۴ϸİɫ壬Ƕǳһһĸоһ㻬ճҺ
ľҪȥϲסҵĶٶ̫죬ҸֱƨϱЩʬҧ˿ָĥûۣ̲סĵ鼸
Сʦ㶥סѽʱĽǵĽŲ
һҪǶסҲͲᱻⶫһϣָһˣΨһϣʯͷϽ׷ⶫٶ̫ˣܵĹ治ɵİż
ʱҵͻȻһʯͷģһɫӰͷವһͷ˹ȥʯͷĺڵ
ҿʯͷĵǰȥȻ󷢳۵һ죬ǴʲôҵǰʹһĲҽС
氵ˣ϶ʯͷĵǰĹ
Ȼǽ֮ҵǹҲʧˣҵͣ
˭֪һûüˣǰĶǷһֽУҾ;ԼĽŲһһɴ͵סҵӣҴӵקźȥ
ҵƮڰУ治ͣ²ˣǵûֱܷŪϳҵСҪˡ
ҷڰգֵͲһ棬ȴŵͷƤһ飬ԭҽĲǱĶһֻͬˮţһСľ޴֩룡
ҵһ˵֩ô᳤ôôʯͷһҲԸˣҪ군ˡ
Խֻ֩룬źȥ׼ݺݵڵϵʱͻȻоһʲôĶǶ赲׹ٶȣҺеԣˤϲͣĵ˼¡
ȻûбҵϣҲ˲ΪҷԼˤһž޴֩棬֩˿ҵֱһϸסҵĺ󱳣ô²
ǰ洫ʯͷĽȻǸ֩뿩Ľ֪Ѿˣ̫Ҿʯͷ˻ûʲôϣܹսʤ
Ȼϣǰ洫һȻǼһ﷢һֽУֻ֩Ŷȥܣ֩׷˳ȥ
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ҸϽڵֵͲһգȴǸһֻһˣҸղžϣ
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ұʬŵòᣬŹǰĹˣȴ֩ץסѪġ
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ȻҶ˵е棬֩벻֪ʲôʱڻץʱҪ
Ⱦ򶴿ڳȥǸҾͣͷƤһ飬Ϊʱ򶴿ִ֩뿩Ĺֽ
үģ氵һҪܳȥͲˣֻлͷֵ綯һգֻĺһֱԼһ׵СҲ֪ͨʲôط
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ⶴƴǰţ˭֪ⶴͦ˰ͷ۵Ļֶۣĥ˻ûҵڡ
ģͬ˰ɣ治ɵĵѾôԶˣֻ֩룬Ѿû˻ͷأֻҧǰ
˲֪ãҺȻоⶴھȻбб϶ȥвɵİԸˣѲҪȥ𣿸Ͻּӿٶȡ
ûжãҸоڶƵĸоһɨգԴƺѾ̽ǸѨ
ȻֵĸˣĹ浽˹죬˭Ҳ˵׼һʲôΣգҲҾðȻǰֵͲһ¡
ֻǰȻһʯңǰԶһʯʯΣֵǣʯȻܸɾû̫Ļҳ˾һ
Щ龰治ɵһëĹɽ֮УѲȻлˣʲôˣ
ôˣ벻Ȼ˽ˡ
ʯҷʱһͻȻҺǵԵǸ˵ֻ÷֣ûһ˿УҲûһ˿ĻһҾ͸оȫһʱëȻ
ҳתԴȥֻⷿʱվһںӰӰҡ


42 ˣˣ
ұӰһ˰ŷӦͰ͵ʵ㡭˭
˭֪ҵĻ֮ĬһֶӣƺڻʲôһȻŻĿ˵ôʱˣҶˣҼǵҺк
һ˵͸оЩ֣ôԼֶǲأǶľˣۣϽ˳ڵϡ
ʱ˼ҿڵϣϵļⶼرţľҲһֱûɿһʲô·ӽʯ֮Ҿ͸оʮֵĹ죬ҲòСġ
ֻߵǰʵʲôˣ
̧ͷһۣȥʮͷĸݣһ̶̵ƽͷֵϴ·Ȼ֩붴濴Ǿ߸ʬ·һģһֲɫľװ
Ȼ˿ȥƣӿһ۵ʱͿһӣĺëͷը
Ϊǰûһ˵ϢǸˣ
ޱȵǰˣ˵ǹؿڴжһ£ϸһǾȻҲһëϯ£
ʱ亹ʣĵԼ֣̯ĿһۣҲһöëϯ£Ǿ߸ʬģҸǰϵһģһ
һˣ
пһӾڵϽ˵ǽǣľȫ䱸ǰк˽е
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˭֪ǺصһЦ˵һܣʿƿģǷĹһЩصΪŪЩĶʲôǲɵƿС飬ֻû뵽ûʲô֣˾Ͷˡ
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ȴЩֵĵطΪ˵Ǳ˶ˣǣѲΪԼţ
ҺȻʦ˵Щ֮壬ȴ֪ԼѾˣԼɻš
뵽Ҳɵһĭض˵ǻǣ
ҵĻǰĺԵһ㶣Ȼ˫۾ңֵʵ˵ʲô˼
ͻȻеȻһЦ˵ǶˣǶˡ
Ȼ֣̯ģöʬȡ¡
ֱĶ£˰żѵתͷһԼأȻͰ͵˵ôܣôѾˣôܡ
ָһָʯݣ˵㻹ţôʮôģûˮûгԵģҪԷˮġ
ҵĻǰĺסˣվţ֪Щʲôսľڴ棬ץһѷֽҲȷ֪ԼѾϢ֮ʲôķӦ
ʱͻȻ̧ͷһ˫۾ĶңȻͻȻڹЦ֮⡣
Ȼ˻ɤӣƺ˵ѾˣѾˣֲôöҲÿʣþ취򲻿ʯţԭѾѽǸˣôԼƭԼ
ĻҲЩܣҲ֪ȥο
˭֪ʱȴ͵תͷĿңǸֳһĨŹЦݣ˵ô˵ھһֻ
ұûëŬһڿˮͷ˭֪ϵĨ÷ЦԽԽŨ
ͻȻ֮䣬һſȻѿ˰ԴҾҧ˹


43 ʯʬ
ԴΪŵͶѳƬһѪڣҵͷҧ
ڷʱȻÿֲޱȣҲû̫ţͳһŷֽҪȥ˭֪ҵָո̧ǺӰȻԽԽȵ嵽ҸǰʱѾȫʧֻЩЦ
źĹʧҰһղڽţұϵ·úˮʪˣһƨʯϡ
ʱ濪ʼЩղżټϽţ˵Ѿˣ˭֪ͻȻɢˣһкܶණûں޲Լ⡣
ڵһºղ˵ĻЩ벻ͨʦȥˣΪʲôûлȥʦʦĳֺʲôϵǸص˵ʲôͷЩɺͷ
ֵģʯͷǼһﵱȻǸʦһĹǵʱѾʮˣʯͷҲҪʮ߰꣬ôڵʯͷѾʮˣ
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ڵʯͷȥʮͷӣʵڲѾǽʮĴ壬ڵʯͷӢһˣΪʲôϣ
ʯͷȳҪͺܶ£治ɵһëѲҲǸһѾˣ
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ſվһᣬûбĶһ˳ȥֻһͨͷʱɵˣΪȫ֪Ӧóĸߣ
氵һô죿վԭ˰죬һҧǰ˹ȥ븻죬Ҫѡһġ
˭֪Ҿͣӣֵ綯յ˵ϣΪҿϾȻһҵĽӡ
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ЩӡпȥӦ˵ģеһӡԵıȱҪС׾ܿŮġ
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뵽һ˸£֮ǰ˫ҹڶǵɫ۾ʱñ
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ͨϵĳʮӻûߵͷ߶һʯݣʯŽգҲ֪浽ЩʲôǸŮʬҲٽЩʯˡ
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뵽⣬ҧҧ˷ͷǿҵĿ־Уʯ˹ȥ
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ʱҵͷƤѾʼ飬ǶߵſˣҪƿ
վԭأһǰ˹ȥʯҵ£һǵĴ˿
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ǰʯݲһʯʯʶûУǴʱʯмĵϣһˡ
ҵֵͲһʱյ˵ϣǸˣǸկߵİݣ
ֻʱİڵϣһ԰׵ĸֽһʹţֻ۾ҲԲԲĵţǿʲôΪֲĶһ
Һµǣֻ۾Ѿû˰ɣѾˣ
һĭһںӰڰݵǰݵĶѾƿ¶Ѫࡣ
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ұǰζҪɵˣʱǸںĶſ죬ҷһֽУҾ˹
ͷƤһ飬תҪܣ˭֪һûĶһֻƾʹҵļϣ͵ذȥ


44 ʷ
ұθŵòᣬȫѾ棬䲻˸סһŵҲ
ĴһûüͱƸ͵ȥ
ŭһҪ˭֪ʱȴһϤңܣ
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Ҳ֪ôͻȻ󣬲Ǹ˺ëһĹѾ˹ﻹҳɣȾǰȥ
ʷٶҲĳ棬þȫʱҵıһ֨֨۵ĹֽУԴͷըǹѾ׷ˡ
ҹֽһϽּӿٶȣʱǰʷͷһۣ͵ͣӣ˵һ¡
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Ǹ߱԰˺ɫĳëһֻһвͣķ໵Ľֱʷš
ǹȻ£ҳԾĻǸȥޱʷһ̫ң˭һۿûкøУҲһӣ˭֪ҵľиǺëһ𣬾Ȼ˿·磬һȻǸ֣
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˭֪ԴӲʯͷһֻһľȻûаԴƣ
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ߵҵĸǰľ˵طȫߡ
ҸǰȥֻߵʮСģһͣͣƺǰûжұҲҲҳֻıӰ˾Բ򵥡
ֻʷҴһʯңȻСĹţҴһʯңҲǿһвɵ֣˷ô濪ôʯݵΪʲô
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ǵһͬ֪ͨʲôɽһĹһƿӾڽҪĹչ졣
˾ͶˣȻ֪Ĺж󣬲ôҲһλĹɽ棬ŪٴĶҲ֪
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ҵַ˾κˣʷ˵ҲǶʮǰôеƿӺпܾʦֺͺһˡ
мʵǸƿ㶼𣿡
ʷһ£ƺû뵽һôһ⣬Ƕҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪һеģ꣬ϴһζЩƿ涼ǿרңһ۾ϳҿֻں͵͵ĸš
вɵʧ˵ʯͷҲһ棬ʷǸƿӣпܿʯͷ
ôҵ˵ͷʵ
ʱʷȴǿЦһ˵ǸǸƿӣһ·ɽߣĹҵͬȽĶ棬ҸҪ洫Щ˵ĲҽУʱҸëˣϽ
˵⣬ʷضңʵ֪֮󿴵ʲô𣿡
Ҿ˿־壬ɵľüЩĿ϶ʲôö
ȻʷĬƬ̺󣬲԰˵ҿͷ߿ͷһһŵĴǶڸǵˣ֮⣬ȫ档
ԺиֳǸ棬ɵľеɣʷʵʲôɵġ
˭֪ʷȴҡҡͷЩɳƵĶ˵Ҳ֪ûпǸ


45 תķ
ʷЩͬԴšĶʲô˭֪ȴҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ʱʷͬȥȫˣŵƨľɽӴԺҲûط
ʷͳϴֲˣ˳˵ĹһУȢӣֵַͨա
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ЩͬʷΪϱ¿ֲӡĹҲǸүǣʮǮһҲˡ
ֳһʣĹ˳ʦֺʯͷ֮⣬Ѿ棬ʦʧ٣ʯͷʧ䣬ǴĹ
Щֻҵ֪ƾˣҲ˵ʵһ˵Ҳǳء
ʱȻͭţͭźǹ죬ҺѪ򲻿ֻʯͷĲУʷôģ
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ʱǰǿڴײȴͻȻǵһ޴ĹײȻѿһķ϶


47 
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ˮ֮ͻȻһ԰׵ģմճѪҺƣһӾ˳ǹײ֮ϣ


48 ĸѪʬ
ǸƲָϸżⳤָףһŮ˵ֻ֣Ů˵̫԰ף滹մճѪҺȥΪĴۿֲ
Һʷƣŵ亹ֱðʷľֲͣĲҲذɽ־ǰ

˻ëĹЦڹײ洫ǹײִһˮҿˮ潦ֻЩˮˮɫǴĿĺɫײȻװȫѪ
ŻǹȳζʱʯңȻһֻҰ׵ֱ˳һųͷԴҲ̽˳
ԴǸŮ˵ģͷܳһ뻹ڹײ棬ֿͷмԿ
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ѪʬԴҸãȻһ㣬Ҳһ
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ʱѪʬǴһҾͿʷҲҵһߵǽϡ
ڵϴڵĴϢѪʬҲҡҡλεվֻԴѾ˰ڿĿֲ·Щȡ
΢΢һղһȻûʰ⣬Ƕ˺ӦûôѶԸˡ
氵ҵʱֻѪʬվڵϣȻſ죬һޱȵĽ
ҶΪҪң˭֪й֮ȴһҲһȴǿСĹײ
ҰĿתǿСײģ治ɵİп࣬Ȼˣ
һѪʬ͹ǶԸˣҪٳһҺʷ군
ֻŽ£ǿСһĹײҲ˻ˮǹײĸһһŲ˿


49 
һεĹײĸǲǵһһӱһһĥ׸ײĦǻ䣬ͷƤǴ˵һһķ顣
ڸˤûۣҲ֪ͷûжϣʷڶѵڵϣͻȻ۵³һѪ˵ĲᣬҲɵЩ
һǣǸԴһѪʬڲûйǣתͷضǿСײġ
ͷϱһ붼ɽ־ҵϡãµεδĲͣںڵѪһ׻ĶҲ֪Խʲôϻմ˸ղµģȥֶֺ¡
ҺʷӲҶڵϲͣĴϢţҪָ
ǿڻڲͣ򿪵СײģԽԽ䣬һѪʬͰǸڳҪһֻеķˣģ˳ɻ⡣
ǽŵĶǿڹײĵʱֻĹ׸һıŲžһ˵ϡ
ǹ׸һڵϣҵͿһӣ֪ǶڻҪˣȻҾǿҪ군Ŭڵվɽ־ͳһѷֽҲҪƴһѣܱȵҪǿ
ֻǹײĸִ֮һմѪֱ͵˳
ֱҲǲ԰ޱȣŮѪʬĻҪϸƺССӵƲ࣬氵ԾѲװǸСӣ
ֻϸСֱ۵ˮȻһ죬ŪѪˮĴɽ⻩УȻĴΪĽ
ǽСķĵһ亹ֱðȻವһ£һŰɫӰӾǹײ˳ǸŮѪʬߡ
һǿˣǸڹײĶȻǸСӣȥӣͷŵŮѪʬ䣬Ҳǹӣһͷڵͷϡ
СҲǻѪۣƤ֪ǲѪˮݾ˵ԭȻ԰ף΢΢ķ壬ˮ˼ʬһ
СվŮѪʬǰ̧ͷһۣһĲҽУȻ͵ŤͷҾ˹
۾ŮѪʬһҲɢĵ̹⣬ҵֵͲѾ䵽˵ϣǽڣЩ̫СֻĿϲճѪۣҴͣݾȻ棬ͬҰ޵һ
ұŵòᣬǸŮѪʬԴˣƺĸоСṥңļ׼
Ȼϣ⿴һ֮ڵһҾ˹Ķľһֻӣҿĳ棬ұɽ־ȥԴһգ۵ĹѾ˵ҵĻ档
СŵĴģ¶һڼҵĲӾҧҴһһѶɽ־ֱֻǰһ죬һѾͱסԴ
ⶫԴͷȫѪŪģĵҪǿļﻹüбͷþȫԴ水ȥ
𿴸ͷСȴĴȻסԴûҧӣǻǱһͷײǰоǱô󴸺ݺݵĸһ£۵ѿһӱɴһײǽϡ
Ȼؿ۵Ҫ⻹ҵҷſֻıסԴŵϰȥ
СҰסԴȻľͷֲֻͣ»裬ָ׺ܷһͰֱ۸Ѫֱ
ֱܵϴʹŵû⣬ϲ֪ûʬҵŴѾˣʯͷҲߣҪһʬҿɾͲˣҲɽʬ
뵽Ҵһ˫ץסԴԱ˦˳ȥ
СȻܴ󣬿ӱϾ̫Сôһ˦ֱӱ˳ȥڵϹĹ˼Ȧ
һûüɿǰдһУǸŮѪʬצ˹
ﲻɵİһһСѪʬôͿˣҸҪܣͼʷһס˰ԴŮѪʬһӾͰ˵˵ϡ
ڵʷɫףǻѪþıסǸѪʬɤӶҴ󺰣Ŀѽ
ҿѪʬѾӳ֣ϸָʷıϸץѪֱ۵һͣŤʱȫѪ嵽Դˣ۾ЩɬеҪһ
˵Ҿͳ˹ȥڵϼʷղŶڵϵľѪʬԴͲȥ
ʱѾ׼ˣһþȫ˭֪ҵָովûü壬һֽУǸСѪʬ˹
Ҵһȥѵģһɨ˹ȥ
ѪʬȻܶϾˣӦҲûôһ˹ȥ;һžʹСѪʬһֽУҸоĶҵϣһֻҸղŵһÿСѪʬֱϣֱӰֱ۸
ⶫֱ۱һֽУԱ߾ܣҲûйعͷҪԸϵŮѪʬ˭֪һҵľϾʹһɴҵһľ飬ڻۣеľֱӸķ˳ȥ
ҵͷһѪʬķľ
ʷץѪģĺ󱳣ҵ۶ҪˣҲ˺£һڵֻŮѪʬֻӾͲȥ
Ѿû鼱֮˷ֽǻ£ѪʬȻҹӦò࣬ĵطӦþһ˫۾
ʷرסټԴѾҸһ룬ԷӦЩٶۣҵĶܿ죬ֵֻĴĴָӾͰȥ
ĴָָͷҵָոѪʬϣһͰȥ
ֻ죬Ѫʬҵָ֮һӾͱ˿ںȳҺֻ۾˳
ⶫղžͱ˰ԴͷѪģһţ˵Ķģеңǰһ˫۾屬ˡ
ʱѪʬ֪Ϊʹʲô͵ڵһҾñһɴ˿ɳȥԶڵϡ
ʱʷҲ˳ȥֻѪʬ໽ڵվԴ˰ֻ۾նڲͣںڵҺ壬˵Ŀֲġ
һƺջˣԴͣĻζһͷ裬еͬһڷص߶˫Ļ衣
ʱǸСѪʬڵȥ˭֪ŮŮѪʬһ㶣һ㣬ȻһһѾͽСѪʬڵץĿɿڴУ˫һ¾ͽСѪʬԴϰ
Ҷɵˣתͷһ룬ѪʬѾ嶫ˣ϶ǰǸСѪʬˡ
ֻСѪʬԴڵأֱͣУŮѪʬӦ˹׵ϣһѾͽСѪʬԴﻳ췢һҵĽ
һڳԾĿһĻͻȻֱ۱ᳶһ£Ťͷһʷû˵Ƕ˸ܵƣָָڹײĺʯš
˵ͷڵϼľɽ־ŵʯȥ
ŮѪʬֻԼ໴УûǵĶ氵ˣʷߵʯ֮ǰ
һۣ˵ͷַŵʯϣ˹ȥ
þȫ˭֪ʯžȻ˿һ°ҸһѲǸţǿɳ군ˡ
ʱʷüͷʯŶС˵ԣʯŲƿģġ
һȻʯϷһݽȥĶڣǶڸպܲȥһֻơ
ʷȥ˿
ֻһʯžȻһ϶
ʷʯԽԽޱȡ
˭֪ʱͻȻһС
ŤͷһֻŮѪʬѾǷ˹氵вã˭֪ʱͻȻһɴҵһȻ汻ȥһ
ܴһûзӦһӾͱǸոմ򿪵ʯţȻǵʯŻĹʷܣҪң


50 ط
һѱ˳ȥʯž͹洫ʷѪʬĺС
һعһѶİüȥʯţƾþȫʯһ
ײļϻģӦѾѪˣûײʯţ棬ʹʯţĺţʷܳү
ҺʷƼˮ̸꣬ʲôԵ֣̫ټʮǮһֱһƭң̸ʲôøУôҲ벻һֱЩеʷȴԼҵ
ſʯϣֻ۾ứֱʣʷ治֪ôˣѾ侲ĻԼһģҪúõĻţܹ˵滹زţҪǮȥ
ĨһˮڵϱʷıңǰһƬڣҵֵ綯Ҳ˷ˣȫǰΣֻľطһͨ
ûֵͲҲ֪ߣ˰죬ֻҧҧѡһ
ڵͨ棬ҾԼۣʯʷ۾ɵʪذıұڻݺݵʷܳүǷһô
ǸѪʬ̫ҳʱʷѾˣڿͱǶ˺ˣһ뵽ҵľ۵̲סҪ
ҽҧʹ࣬һһǰţͨӦúܳΪ涼һͷĻ
ڿտĶѨ棬ŲĻȥǻһ˸ĺ棬ĽŲ߶
ԽԽЩ}ĻţоЩ䣬ҲʼһʼΪΪ£ԽԽòԾΪҸоԼڷ䣡
ͣ˽ŲоԼЩһָоҿƲסĿʼ̧ԼֱۣյǰŵһɼΪȳζЩζҺϤֻϲеʬζ
ҵɴ۾ֱ۾ٵǰһҵ飬ֱϱѪʬץ˿ϣڳһںڵë
ҵһӾͳ˹ȵףһƨ˵ϣֻһ뷨ˣ
ʬʬˣ
ʬ֮ͻû֪Ľʬһ뵽ԼҪֶһ̲סĶһŴҲûУûа취ЩʬŪѾʼʬ䣬ŴҲȲҵ
ãȻڵϣѾȫ֪ôˣѲԼҪԶɽ֮Уɽʬ
УҾܱǲֻصĹ
һ뵽ԼҪɽʬҧҧľǴϣȴôҲ²ȥ֣ɱһ˻ĸɲˣҾ²ȥ֡
˻
ԼһڵϣҲ֪øʲôˣŵʷµıңҲɵĿЦһǰﲻˡ
ڵϷʱͻȻЩ쳣ͷʲô䵽ҵͷϡ
̧ͷһѣͷ˼Ķõһţһɶ˱Ƕ
ҸϽ̧ͷȥûʲôߣͷʲôҲһ̧ͷȴȻһ˫ɢѪɫâ۾˫۾ڽضҡ
˫۾Ǻɫģȥֲʱһ̧ͷպø˫۾ϣϵĺëըһ˹ȥ
ܣĶһֽУҾ˹˫ɺ۾ҲԽԽ
˫۾ҼǶʯ԰ʬֻɽ̣
˼ɽ̵ĶҪö࣬ûܳԶҾ͸оֻƴҵļ棬ҵļһۣ֪Ǹɽ̿϶ſҧҡ
ϵʹд̼͵ͣ˽ŲĿ־ȫʧЩջ
ԼҲҪɽʬˣɽҲòȥڻ
뵽һѾץȥҲ֪ץɽ̵ʲôطþȫ˹ݻҧҵļҰôһоϵһⶼ˺
ʱѾоˣʷ϶ѾˣʬҲҪɽʬˣﻹ˵ۺͺ£ֻһ˵Ķ
ʱɽƺҵľٶһһ²ŷӦҵ
һ໰ֻֽץסʱɽҲˣֱϲͣץҧˣԼɽʬ֮ǰҲҪʰһ
ͣȻûз֣ǱϵˤڵϣǰģһӾѹɽ̵ϡ
ץݺݵһĭȭͷȥ
һȭͷȥɽ̾ͷһҽУֻһԴӲľһȭͷȥһ顣
ѾˣһȭһȭͣԴ֣ɽ̱Ҵ֨ҽУ͵ڵһҵӾͱ
ʵɽ̵Ķֻ֣ղһƴˣӦ˹һӾͰҸ˦
ͷһ˵ϣʱֵɽϣſҵĲӾҧȥ
ҵþˣڵϣҧһֽѸУҧƺҪȱǲֻأͶ̥ĽʬҪǿһ㡣
ұ۾ʱ򣬺ȻоԼһᣬۣȴԭںͨȻһ
һɫӰվҵǰһֻ֣ںץסɽ̵ĲӣƾôҲѲ
ȻҾͿ˵һֻһѵɽ̵ĲӾͿȥ
ֻ۵һֻɽ̾ȻһԴѪ½˳ŪҺ϶ǡ
ʱһŲȻһ˵ϣ˵Ӣۣô򵥴ֱвУԶһٿ㿴ŪһѪ
ΪϤǼһеĹѼɤ
ǲɵȻˣôһ˿϶ʯͷˡ
ڵʱʯͷҲҵǰַסң˿ڣҰ촽ԾʵҵСʦôˣû°㡣
ЦЦʾԼû£ʯͷֱϵ˿ڣüͷȴǽһץסҵֱۡ
Цһ£˵ණץ˵ģѾʼ仯ˡҿʯͷѪȻЩر𣬲ʬѾ̫Ҳûʲô취
˭֪ʯͷû˵Լֱۣúڵϻһ˿ڣѪʱ˳ֱ쵽ҵĿڱߣ˵ȡ
Ȼһһûа飬ҿȴǸоޱȵУ£ֻҪһ־ܽ
ſ죬Ѫͣ棬Һ˼ڲͣûȥ˿ڣƾѪʣ̧ҵֱۣԼѪҵ˿ϡ
ѪȻ棬һ˿ϣΪʬ䳤ĺɫëʧʱʯͷüͷҲչ˿
֪ԼûˣոһȻ͵ڵʯͷҳǼʯҳȥеʷ


51 ʧ
Ȼʷ׶༪٣ҵǿԮѾˣ滹Ǳһ˿ϣʯͷƴʯȥ
費֪ô£Ǻ棬СеģСʦôˣ
ڸûشʯͷܵʯ֮ǰĳײ˹ȥ
ղұʷƳʱײʯţΪڶţڱþȫһײֻʯŻѿһ϶
ϲ˿ڣƤղŶײˣһײȥҸ۵졣
ʯͷһѣȴһʯţѪʬ棬ʯͷһҪСģж
ʯͷ˵ͷֻȥƣֽסǰѺڵĵļرѾ˽䱸
ʱҲ˹ȻͷˮҺʯͷı飬Ҳҿ˵ֱֵֻ̧ۣͲʯͷƿʯš
ľѾ׼һῴѪʬҪȥƴ˭֪ʯŴ֮龰ȴĿɿڴ
ҺʷһʼȥǸʯңת֮ͷŹײĵʯôǰӦʯҡ
ڣǰʯֻһ䣬ǵһνǼʯѾʧֻһ¼Ӳʯǽ
ڱ򿪵ĺڹףѾʷѪʬӰӣһҾĿɿڴ
һûʷӰӣͺۣһܵǶǽǰͣײţд󺰣ʷӳӳѽ
һǽҾ֪Ǹʯҿ϶ת˹ȥʷǸѪʬصһ䣬ǾҲûа취
ҲͣײǽѾѪģһҲֻۣҪʷȳ
֪ʲôʱʯͷҵǰһҪײǽȴһѸסˣܴҸûа취ѣֻͲᰲοˣңһ仰Ҳ˵
ʱҲ˹̾һЩֵʵ⵽ô£
ûлشֻһգ۾ЩûȤҪо䷿䣬ǸһתȴͻȻһǱ˲β͵èһһڵ
ȥֻһ˵Դſ죬ҧĿϡ
ôҲû뵽¾ȻһͷŵֱУͣĶȣǿԴҲ˦ڵϣĹԶ
ԴǸСѪʬģǸղ鼱֮¶˿ϣû뵽û͵Ϯ裬ӣ˱ŵòᣬӦûˡ
ʱһӵĻ𷢲ȥСѪʬԴڵҽУһʯͷĻѿߵǰڵСѪʬԴǽϾ˹ȥ
ץסͷвͣţһһµǽϺңֱҵıһģѪ⣬ͷ䣬˵ϲס֡
ʱѪʬԴѾһѪ࣬ŻҺɫĹŷһĹֽƮ˳
֪Щ꣬ЩղűѪʬڵ꣬ҿЩҺɫһ㷢źɫâС㣬֪϶СѪʬģôܷŹͳǬһԵİȫװ˽ȥ
ѪʬԴְյǬҾĶ˲٣Ƕʯǽֲɵһѹ
ǸŮѪʬ˫ȻѾҲϹˣǾʷܶĹбץ˿ڣʬҲѾʼӣھûҲѾһʬ
뵽Ҳɵľȫϵ˿ʱžôһľʹͨһ˵ϡ
ʯͷһۣϿ飬ȴǼܵҵĸǰϲͣѪ˿ڣŵĴСУϽ⿪ңó׼Ұ
ϵ˿Ȼ࣬ƤˣȻеˣû˵ǣԲ̫ء
óʯͷߵҸǰҵ½⿪ӹˮʼ
Ѿ˵˿ڣһжڶΪҸԼˣһȻϲ˵ĺܲ
ȻЩŤ˺˵ĻҪĻģôǰʯͷҲҴʮ꣬ҽ嶼´ࡣ
Ҳ֪¸ô˵һʱסˣպʱյҸǰʵʵСʦôܵ棬ʷôһ£
ҿЦһ£˵ľֻһûӦôʯͷ飬¸һʱܲˣԾԹ˺
˵꣬һߵѾҵϡõСѪʬԴǰһž߳ȥԶǶʯǽ˵û뵽ʷ˳òզȻôĺӣϧˡ
˵꣬ʯµĴǽǵλãţһԾ˵ģǽת
Ļ濩һӣܵǽߣǽϣȻоʯڻת
Ȼ仹ڲͣתôʯӦûת
뵽治ɵļ֣ĻǾҵʷ
Ｄ쳣Ȼ뵽ʯת˻ȵʯų֣ʷ֪Ѿʲôˣһַ·Ǳһˮͷ£һƨ˵ϡ
ʯͷ֪ʲô߹û˵ֻһҵļȻҵǰ
Ȼ֪ʷûлϣҪȣҲҪһۣʬȥúðᡣ
ҲҸǰҽǷֿԺ顣
ԭʱұ֩ץȥ֮˼ĲУ嵽ƴִ򲻹Ǽһʯͷų˸⣬˰֩˳øĻᡣ
һʼʯͷĺڵ֩ӣܳ͵˵ϣ֩ȥʱּ˻
Ȼ֩һʱ䣬ǲȷûнǻʯͷֻһ˽ȥٴΰ˳ǳû鿴
ûпҵʬ壬һҲǸСʯͷ棬ȥֻ˻
֩ȥʯͷһ˵˾Ͱˣ̫֩ΣգҲȥǣƾʯͷıӣҪĹҵҵĻҲСֻмǰ
治ɵЩжǸ֩жΣ֪ģ˾ȻΣֱ
˵Ǻͨһֱߣǰһֲڣ֪ôѡʯͷȴ˵ŵҵζպðɽ̵о
氵ңҪһᣬҾҪɽ̸ˣһ
ǰʯתĺܻʯͷûлȻ߶ʱҲ˵Ŀڸɴͣ˾Ĭĵǵʯһεĳ֡


52 ʬɽ
ʯתޱȻ֪жãҶЩˣһϸڲǽ֮ϻĳ֡
ϸСУҲˣʯſ϶Ǹղתʱ򱻹ϵġ
ʯתһ㣬ҸϽȥƣ˭֪ȻƲŵĺ汻ʲôסһ
ʱʯͷɫվȥһʯţʯŻı˿
ҸϽֵͲ˹ȥֻʯŵĺһˣ
ǸӰ治ɵһϽֵͲ˹ȥǲŵԭΪźʷֵͲһȥֻһӵŮˣǸŮѪʬ
ж֪ģһҾͽ䱸ȴڵһҲҶһֻŮѪʬϴʱһֲ˿ڣЩ˿ھϻģŮѪʬϻĶѪڣƤⷭѾûһõطȳѪˮһء
˶ĵǣѪʬҸöͰϹ۵ԴѾֿǰ
ͷԲǱ˿ģΪӵĶϿڴ˲β磬ǱʲôӲŤһ
ΣһŮѪʬж֪ģʲôȻܹӲİԴŤ
ʱʯͷҲŮѪʬʯͷֻ΢΢һüͷȴŵôһڵֱ
ȻѪʬģŪóһҪҵʷϽֵȥ
ֻⷿЩƤˣԴȡֻҵĽӡĵǵѪ
һҼˣôþΪҪҵʷȻӰӣ⵽ôһ£
ŲҪȥ˭֪ոһ̧ţ¾ʹһҵĽֻ˰ѪʬԴһӾڵϵҵĽŲӾҧ˹ȥ
һûӦһӰͳҵǰֱӷһţŮѪʬԴƤһߵùķɵ˽棬ʯͷ߷ŮѪʬԴ
ʱлǳ嵽棬ֵͲµİѰһ飬ЩƤˣЩûʷӰӡ
һãȻʷôƾʧˣ
ҽüͷͻȻ뵽ʯתȥôʯӦܴ򿪵ģͨһͨѲʷѾһͨˣ
ʱҵҲǳ֣ʷܣôŮѪʬԴôŤģѲиʷ
ʵ滹һԼҲԸȥŵƲ⣬ǾʷѾ˽ʬԼŮѪʬԴŤȻ߳ʯš
ȻԸܣӽʵƲ⣬ҵĲɵĳЩ䡣
ʯͷ趼ǱˣѾµˣ߹ҵļʯͷһԲ죬ƺҪ˵ʲôһ仰û˵
ʱǽִŮѪʬ֨ҽеɽ־˹ȥԴڵϣһһ¸ҵϡãȻǬ
ʱС˵Сʦǽô죿
һƨڵϣͷ˵ȣŷתȥȥʷ
ҵĻ˵ͷߣûʯͷڷĬĵⷿһתȥ
תʯžͻԶرգǺ´ʯŵĻᣬÿһᶼȥһʯţҲ֪˶ãһֵ裬ֻʯ£֨֨ĸ˿
ʯŴ򿪣ҺʯͷϽ˳ȥһֻطʷͨʯͷ£ָһ˵ߡ
ıӱ˵Ĳ֪ٱĻǲҵ飬Ͻ˳ͨǰȥֻʯͷҶ˵һ䣺кŨʬζѾǶˡ
ʯͷĻҵˣȻ˵ʷѾʬˣǻдһ뵽ʷΪұֹҵۿ̲סʪ
ͨܳҾһأǰĿռǱÿǰһĶѨ
һͨ͸оһɭɭǴ˹̲סͣ˽Ų˸¡
ľطͷΪҵʷһҪǰû뵽Ӹոһͱʯͷסˣ˵ȵȣﲻԾ
ͣӣֵͲһգǰ龰ҵļһĺֱðҲǰһ
ֻǰĵҵİһ߾ߵʬ壬Щʬ嶼˵ģҶ˵ģȫӣϵƤûһ˿ˮ֣ȫ˸ʬһɵһ
Щʬеıãеȴ֪ʲôԭ򣬴ȺֱѾû˼⣬¶һؽزҰ׵ĹͷЩͷ滹в˿Ǳʲôйһ
ЩʬɢҵİڷڵϣһֱǰȥǴԼʮ׵ĵطȻһ׸ߵСɽҶһֱӸŵɽȻҲȫָʬѳġ
ܳʲôط迴ЩʬŵֱˣʵҲܹСЩʬ̫࣬ûһҲкüǧģһĿ˭ҲԲ
Һϵ亹˲·ʪˣô˶ֱһԵɱЩ˵ʲôˣôȫ
ʱʯͷȴǰһȻôֲĸʬüͷûһ£ǶӣְѸǰһſڵϵĸʬ˹
Ǿ߸ʬ˹ſ壬ЩʬĸʬƤıһ㷢ֱ֬ߵһģһ
ʬƤҾ;θһڣģԺҲˣһͻ뵽ЩµĶ
ʱʯͷڵϣƺڴʲôײײӣҲ˹ȥֻǾ߸ʬĲһֲ˿ڣӶˣ¶ɭɭľǻ˷Ѫܣʹţ·˻źϵƤ嵽һ𣬿ȥŤ·һ
ǿŶģʱʯͷһʬ壬ǰһ߼һģһǱп˺ܣŸڵѪġ
ʱҲ̽ͷ̽ԵĴ˹˭֪һûȣһһǾ߸ʬ˹ȥ
ҪַѾۿҪǿֲĸʬӵʱһֻּᶨһѳסĲӣʯͷ
ŵɫףԼؿڣʯͷ˵ллȻͻȻһ㶣ʲôҪڵһ˴ԼĲ죬ĽеܳղǸˣ
һһڵұŵ΢΢Щɡ
˭֪ʱʬѻɵʬɽȴͻȻһ


53 Ի
ǸʬɽĶϣζһ̧ͷȥʬɽж
ʬɽʮ׵ľ룬ȻֵͲҲ澿ʲô⽫߸ʬ淢лĶһ˸˵顣
ʱζֻһǵĶ棬Щţ᲻ʷܵʬɽ档
ѯʵ۹һʯͷ֪ʲôüͷʬɽ棬ҡҡͷ
豻ŵùǺ㵽棬̽ͷ̽Եʵ⡭ʲô
Ҳ֪ʲôȻܻشʯͷǼһƾ㿴ĶҲ
ǽĶʬɽ棬ֻ춯һģĺӰվǸӰĿžȻǸ˵ӡ
ʬѳɵɽȻվһӰǲɵĸӽҽض棬ǵӰȻһޱеĸоȻҵĶںҵ֡
һҵĶ𣬸һһļͱɵıôأҵҪը˿ΪޱȵϤʦ
Ҳ֪ʦΪʲôһʲôˣԴըһһʦǰ˹ȥ
ʦѾ뿪ҺüˣÿҶôܿƵסǰһ񱼣²ŵЩʬ֨죬Ѿȫ˲ˡ
ǰܣҲ֪˶ԶȻڳҵֱۣӶǸʦ棬оң͵ؾ˹ȥ
˭֪һȴ˸գֻһӰѾҵǰһӾͺݺݵײȥ˵ʵľһǽһӾͰҸ˻һˤ˵ϡ
ڵһջ˾ײ˹ȥǰȴͻȻֱ̧ۣҵͺݺݵơ
ҵʹҵһӾ˹ŷѾ嵽ʬɽĽ£վЩʬ棬վǰݺݵĸƵģʯͷ
ѣĶǻþʯͷվǰͳɤӶ˵
Ļϵ亹֪ԼѾվЩֲĸʬ棬ȥʬɽվһںӰаʦӰӣ
Ҹʯͷôһ£һ󺰣
תͷֻڸһʬɽͳ˹вͣĴĺţˣˮ
֪϶йŹ֣ٶȺܿ죬һͳ嵽ʬɽǰ棬ʱʯͷҲ˲ңһԾһֻӥһһӾץסĲӣİ˹
ڸһвͣĿ޺ţ˫ʯͷһץʯͷû˵̧֣ݺݵĸơ
ͬһӣ亹ֱðԼղſ϶һ
ʱʬɽǴʦмҪ̧ͷȥһԵʯͷͻȻĺҪʱԻǣĶǼٵģ
ʯͷͬһҵĶ𣬰ҸѹϽҧԼͷʹҵѲ٣ֿסջ󣬵ͷȥ档
ʱʯͷѾ迸˼ϣҾ˹˵˳ȥ
ʱŷԼվЩֲĸʬ棬Ļظź˹ȥ
ϵĸʬеţһ˷ײͣǰ֣ҽҧ촽ʯͷ˵˸ղŵĵط
һЩʬѣҲɵĸо˫ȷͨһƨɾ˵ϣʱʯͷҲѾ˵ϣ֣Ǵ󺰵ô£
Ұͷתʯͷֻʱüͷضʬɽ֮ϣĶ˵һˡ
ĻһΪ˵ˣǶôʬɽ֮Ͼһˣ
˭氵ԾǾղŵ飬ڴҲ濴ֻǵͷ
˭֪ʱʬɽǴһԽԽǳ˹
ʱҲܵˣ̧ͷǰȥֻһɫӰǸʬɵʬɽٵĳϷ·һͷ
Ӱĺܿ죬һͳʬɽǲ׵λͣ
ҺŵڵվӰȥֻͷ棬һͷͷѾ䣬ϵĺҲϳҰһȫݡ
ϴƶ·ؤ磬ҿһ˫۾Ȼ˵Ĳһɢһĺɫ
Ǳ˸ŵòᣬϸĿ˼ۣȻһ˵Ĺ죬ǲûаӦǸɣֻʯͷˣüͷּ˼֡
һ־һЦͬһ
ôһǾһ죬ͷһֻ˵ֻϾȻһִ
СֱһϸǰͷһۣסֻŲӡ
ֲɵİԾ˵Ǳʲô˸
ֻЦ֮ͻȻʯͷ˵Ӣۣ㻹ǵ𣡡
һ˵Ĺ죬Ǻþû˵ˣҧЩ壬Щ
ڳԾĲ˵һſھȻͽгʯͷ֣ʶʯͷ
뵽̧ͷʯͷһֻۣüͷĸӵˣЩʹ࣬ƺŬĻʲôһ˰ŻĿʵ˭
ʯͷĻԵһ£Ȼһ˫ɢ۾ϸ´ʯͷۣЩֵʵ㲻ʶң
ʯͷҡҡͷԵЩҪǰߣһ̧µͷһ죬ñֱסĳֻߵǰλá
ѽĲǵˣ
ʯͷҡҡͷĲǵˡ
ʯͷҡͷǸԳƽ˷һ̾ϢλãܹĲ̾ʱϾȻֳһĨֵЦݣ̾Ϣȫ䣬ЩëرĹ졣
ʱ̾Ϣһ󣬺Ȼ˵ǰһĹû뵽ھȻǵˡ
ĻҳһǸѾ˵ĺҲ˵ǵʯͷһĹѵҲǵ꿼еһˣ
ȥϵɵĸ֣ǵ꿼еһԱĻô˭ҵѾȥʮ꣬طֵôġ
ʱҺȻЩʬеĴȺֱϵļѾǷǱʲôģ
һ̧ͷ죬ëֱ


54 
ɽ֮ûгԵģϻΧֻôôʮǳʲôŻģ뵽һҾ;ò
ʱʯͷϵıʹ࣬вͣ߶ţ죬졭ȻԴ˵ϡ
Щʯͷߵǰļ򣬿ʯͷûаķӦɱԴڵϡ
Ҳ֪ö˵ʲôǰʱֿ˵ʮһĹұǶǶҴ磬ѵⶼ𣡡
ʱ֪ΪϤ˵ʲôԭپȻԽԽ죬ԵЩ٣ľʲôطԣʱʯͷ˵ҸЩ벻顣
һЩͳԶ·һȰ
ֻʯͷ仰֮󣬽ͷַֻĿһۣȻ˹ȥ
ҿһʯͷһãȻȻҰͷת죬ֻĨЦѾԽԽŨҵ͵һȻЩͷ
ʱʯͷѾǰ߳˼ԽԽǹɲĸоҲԽԽǿңɢŹ۾ͻȻ˹
ۿʯͷѾҪߵĸǰҲɵĶ
ʯͷûҵĺһǰţǸֻвһ֮ң
ʱϹ˹ޱȵЦݣһ˫ֶֽ̧ʮûмָףֻϵָ׳ĶѾȥ˶ޱȡ
ʱʯͷ˵ǺѣӳĹȥ죬õϵĵҽϵҳȥ
ʯͷĻ΢΢Ķһ£Ȼ˫ֻľǿںڵ
ҿĹı飬ľòԾҵĺҪˣʯͷȴҲ
ʱѾˣһľʯͷͳ˹ȥ
ʯͷǸӦˣΣյĸоҵ󣬿һۿҪ̵ıȴǰ㷴ӦҲûС
ҵȻܶʯͷ֣ѾĲµ϶ǸŹֵʯͷǣұҪ
ۿҵľҪ̵ʯͷĺ󱳣ҵһһʹ̵ʯͷĴϡ
ʱʯͷ߸ߵľеĺڵҪϵ䣬ҵľһĴȣͼʯͷ͵һ٣еĶҲͣ
ʯͷĶͣǸԭЦݵͻȻޱȣзһͬҰްĺ֣֮ʯͷžץȥ
ָ׺ܳڵʯͷܽץסѪ֮ʯͷ϶᳦á
ǧһĽҪͷһȵʯͷһУӸ߸ߵԾֱۻӶһڹеĺڵžͻ˹ȥ
ʯͷĶһڵӳӾѾԾҵߣֻʱ򷢳һĲҽУź˼Ȼͨһ˵ϡ
еֵͲȥֻڵϣͷʹţвͣѪĲ£ŵǸѾһѪߡ
ϵһ˲䣬ֻ۵һĶӾǱƤһͻȻ˿̵Ķǳ˲һء
ǡǺǡ
ʱ̱ڵϵͷԼѾƿĶӣһЦȻ̧ͷʯͷ˵󴸰Ҹʬɽ棬ҶʮֻЩŻ벻Ȼɱңܺãܺá
˵ǷǺǹֽУͻȻԴһᣬһˡ
ʯͷվţһ֪ղĻһкܶ벻ͨĵطҲôľСĵߵĸǰýֱ¡
ڵǳأ˫ȷֿڵϣҵľѾֱϵļ⣬ûа㷴Ӧһͨһ˵ϡ
Ѿˡ
һȻֻոûжãȴҸеΪΣգΪһֹƻĵܹ˵
ʱҲŵߵҵĸǰŵϵŬһĭʵһˣ
˵ͷֿʯͷһֻۣʬ壬һãȻ֪϶ңҲôľߵĸǰ
ղԶڼϽţûпĳ࣬ʱĽˣȥķЩԾ
ȻӦжǶûϴͷķһͷͷȴǺ˵е㲻һĺӣȻǻɫģ
챻ںǶ꣬лȥȾýͷŷ֣һŵ͵ŷ˵ףȻйˣ
治ɵĸ֣뵱Ŀôһˣ
ʱʯͷӻһ£ĸǰĿһʬ壬û˵
ʯͷЩ΢΢׵֪˵ЩʲôʱʯͷȴһȻ󻺻˵ϣֱԴĺ⵽ôһ£
豻ͻȻĴһû뵽ƽʱûһʯͷͻȻҰһ˻
Ľ治ɵЩѹһ벻ǰ飬֪Լģǰʲô飬ȷʵһҪ飬Ҫʯͷ֪Լܲܶס
ߵĸǰļ򣬸ɴԱߣ˵˺˵Ļ
ʯͷ˵ţûһ飬ֻüͷԽԽ֪һҸĶ̫⣬Ҳ̫ǲ飬һ֪⣬ԼĹȥҪ顣
һֱվԱߣʱҵĻ񿴹һʯͷۣŲһŲ
Ұѻ˵꣬ʯͷڵϣ֪ЩʲôʱҲǶ˸ƣߵһԡ
Ǻһ𣬿һܶЩֲĸʬǲɵЩ䣬ʱǰ治ԶĵطͻȻδһˮڵϷ
ֵͲķȥֻЩʬһССĿյأʱĿյһͬڰСİۣȻװˮ
ֵͲŰʯȥֻһˮ飬ûжãδһǰ棬мˮɽ
ˮۣѾµʮ϶ǿЩʬϵģطˮĵط
һ뵽ʮǿЩʬģҵͲɵһģ⵽ǶôǿһˣⰵյĶ棬
ͬʱҲӵ֣ʦֺʯͷΪʲô˸Ĺ棡


55 ʹ
վԱߣΧЩֲĸʬһӼҵϣС˵Сʦղ˵ʯͷǼһʮǰͽˣһﵽжˣ
ûǵĵĿʯͷһۣ˭֪ȴѾڵվ˹
ʷµζʯͷɫƽңָָߵķ
Һ豻һ£ʵ벻ֵƽȻСĵʵû°ɣ
ʯͷҡҡͷֿһȥ죬ͳɤ˵ǶˣҲûа취ˣôҶ벻ǰ飬ϰˡ
ʯͷɫƽĻ֮һǾЩۣߵǰļ£һ˼ǲǰ飬ʹ޷治֪ʯͷôͦġ
ʱ𣬲Ѿ˵ĺʮ죬Ƕᵽʦ֣˵˶ˣʦֺʯͷţô£ʦֺʯͷΪʲôҪʯͷȻʧˣҲȥĹôʦȥ
һڿ˼ʱʯͷѾŲǰȥ迴һţ˳һѣʱ㷴ӦҵʷҪģ
ҸϽ˺ǰţ˭֪˻ûǰȴǴһ˫ֱŶӶ
ұһΪʲôܳˣֵͲһգȴʲôҲûз֣ʱҲŵͷȥ裬ʱɫ԰ףͷ亹ֱðҴĺۣ
Ļһ˵һ˳ǳʲôԻ˶ӣҸʦѧ׵ϣֿסš
ұΪǼ򵥵˶ӣһţҾ;ЩԾϸĸ˰ɿ֣˵㵽׸ʲô
豻ʵһͷˮ˵ʲôʲô˵⵽ôˣ
ҿһһԱߵʯͷȻ˵Ļˣ
ʲô⣡ҵĻ֮Ҳ˲϶ˣֱڵϾһץסҵֱۣҴĺ˵ʲô
ֿһʯͷ˷ֿûжãѲһ֮䷢ʲô뵽ҾͲɵһļƤ
ҡҡͷ˵һҲұ֤ʯͷӦòˣҾʲôһүҲỳУǻҲûôķӦѽ
ҰԼԴЩ߰뷨ϳȥղҰѵĺϸϿһĻС
ûи˰ѹһ֢״ʦ̸ҵģЩǲԼŪˣ˭֪ʱ赹ǼˣҽеСʦûиһүôܻС
˵һƺҪ֤һ£һƿԼ¡
һƿ·ˣʯͷȱļһʱҲɴ۾Ĳ˼顣
ֻС΢΢¡𣬿ȥĸиûʲôֱ𣬶˸еֲǣ¡ĶƤ沼һЩƤ棬ɼ
һۣǵı飬ľЩͷͷԼĶӡ
Լϵģɫʱ׵ĸֽһ̧ͷңſǻ˵ССʦôˡ
ʱͷϵ亹Ҳˣȫ㲻⾿ôһ£ʾϣȻɵϡ
ҺʯͷĶȥֻС΢΢¡𣬿ȥĸеŮûʲôֱ
֣ŵĶƤϣƸһȥҾ;òԾΪҵ棬ĶƤ棬ĸоһйɵȻ΢СһǸоõǴ
ȫɵˣôһүôܻУҾܻУô̵ʱڣ־ʲôĶӡ
΢΢¡ĶӲɵĴһ£ʯͷĿһ۵ϵ裬ɫŹ֡
ɫ޷ˣһץסҵֱۣʵСʦĻˣ
Ҳ֪ôشֻóĬĵ˵ͷһӾɵˣվԭһ˰죬ˮһѾͱסң˵СʦѽĻʮ֪꣬ԼӣҪŪ⺢˭УһүǣҪʲôܰ⺢Ӹ
һһһȻǲŵͷ˾ȻĳеһԸŵöˣ϶ĺˣڲҸ취йеĿ־塣
ļҪο䣬ǸſҾ;ЩԾΪҵĶҲҵһ£ǸоʲôҶһһ
һ°Ҹŵû⣬͵һƿ˻ſҼͷ޵裬ɫ԰ףƿԼ·
豻ҸƵһƨɾ˵ϣҲ˿ˣ汧ԹСʦҶүǱˣôûһͬ𡣡
һ˵̧ͷһҶƤʱȫסˣŵĿȥһ
ԼͷƤҵĶڸĸûʲô𣬶΢΢¡𣬶沼˿µ
ʱʯͷߵҵĸǰһҵĶӣһ裬һֱĬƽʱҲ޷ƽˣɫ΢΢ףͷѾкʼҵͳɤʵô£
ô֪⵽ôһ£ҵĺܣ֪ôشʯͷֻʯͷָָ֣Ķӣ˵ġ
ʯͷƤһƿ·ֻ·һ鷢ĸȫûаҺ֢״
ʱЩͨһƨɾϣһۣһãȻ
ԹʲôʯͷĬƬ̣̽ʵǳԵĶԼĶһ·ϴûгԹⶴκζҡҡͷ˵
˵꣬ҵͻȻһ漴뵽ӵĿֲŮʬǶܳˮһĶһ裬Ķ˵ˮǺȹǺˮ
ҵĻһ£ˢһ¾ͰˣȻҲ˿־ŮʬЩǶܳ˶ĵˮӡ
һĭֱĶң˵㡭˵ǶЩ
ʱﻹشЩճҺ˶ޱȵˮӣϵ亹ֱòԼĶӣңǶ˳Щˣֻʵ벻ͨЩô뵽Ƕġ
˭֪ʱǰںĿռȴͻȻһҵĽŲЩЩңһ˷ģԽԽ


56 Ƭ
һЩŲһ£ϽڵվȻǻȽϹ죬һʱỹҪʱЩŲԽԽǲ֪ʲôɵĽ
ֻЩŲԽԽǰĳ˼ֵͲĹâ
ЩһΪֻ˲ŻֵͲǻˣ뵽ѾĲµʲôˡ
ĹĳǣֻһˣôӦþǡ
߽ˣϸһȻһˣֻڸһɽѾһʣֻˡ
ǣа䱸Ϊҷ֣Ǹ˫ĺӻǸ֣ˬ۾Уʱ涼һǹǹǰһԶǹǹڶװڲ棬ϵǼ
ʱǣƽǹڣҲĽ䱸۽һɨͻȻǽ֣ˬ۾еļƺһˡ
ϸĿһۣıڼϵ˵·ǳϤͿһӣʷ·
һʷҹ˲Ϻ£֣ˬͳ˹ȥǼǰ壬Щŵǹڶ׼ҡ
ʱһ̧֣˫֣ˬͰǹѹ
֣ܵˬǰһֻͷϿĹȻʷֻڵʷ˫Ŀգɫף֪ǻ
һѰʷ֣ˬļͷڵϣıһ̽ɵһʷĺȻ΢ǲûΣգӦǻ˹ȥ
ôһ𣿡̧ͷʵ
ֻߵҵĸǰ˵ǱȻģѾʬѾⶾˣֻǻ˶ѡ
ĻҲɵһŮ˵ллˡ
˭֪ҵĻ֮ıȴЩŹ֣˵ҵ򵼣Ӧõģʶ
ĻҲžЩԣᣬ˰֣˵Һʷʯľ
֮˵ͷϵɻʧʱҲĹ۲һǣֻ˵·涼вٵƿڣԿ϶Ǿҵսģڶͷؤ棬ԵмǱ
Һ֪һ˵ĹʲôĿģһ·׷ɱǵʲôֻұ˴˶ϤĹĵطԶżֽ䱸Ҳûڡ
ӦҲΪʲô棬Ů˺ʶȤûǷʣܴһۣڵ϶ƿʬ壬ƺЩԾһؿֲĸʬ˹ȥ
ĿһǸǹĽ˫ĺӣʯ汻ӲŤԴŮѪʬЩֲõһμʱʯͷͶ࿴˹ȻǸ֡
ֻ˫ǹһĸٲȻһרҵϸıڣһվǰ֣ˬȻû֣Ҳܿһֿ϶о͸Ӹе֣ʲôˣ֪ĹȻôõıڡ
ֻߵǰʱЩֵϵüͷǼһ溰һﱻ˸ʮˣЩ˲ŻģղǣǸˡ
Ҳ֪ûĻһ˵ͷŮȻƯܸһָ߸ϵĸоǰҾͲԾеŤ
ʱվǰȴͻȻһľ̾ȥֻڵϼһʲô
ԶʲôֻĿһŰƴСֽƬаڣղ֮ҲûϸļһŮõҲ֪ʲô
ֻϵĵͲڵϼֽƬʱҲŽֵͲĹϵĶǲһֽƬһƬ
Ƭմ˶ĵգͰѾƣϸһƬȻһţһ룬һѾ˺ˡ
û뵽һﱻʮܻ꣬ȻôһƬϣ治ɵЩ棬⵽ʲôһƬ
ʱҺȻ뵽һ⣬ĹĿӣʯͷһж֪ģеõʦ洫ʦ֣ټԻĵ죬Щ˿ɶǼѲǶǸص֯
治ͣ˼ʱȴǷһŤͷȥֻ滹Ƭ۾ȴضʯͷһǲ⣬ߵ˫Ҳ𾪵ʯͷ
Ҳ֪ʲô£ǵı飬϶ǺʯͷйأҲ̲סˣվ˹ȥ
ֻȷʵһƬƬЩͷˣһǺڰգƬվһˣЩ˵䶼ڶʮҡ
ƬӦʮ˺ĵģֻһѾ˺ֻʣ߸˵Ӱӣҵ۾߸˵һɨͷ쳣Ϥס
һǸѾ˵ĺһҸӵϤվǰʯͷ
Ƭϵڼûʲô𣬶Ǵһ£ұ¶һصӦþӲĺڵ
ƬϵʯͷҲһƺЩߣֻϧǣƬʯͷѾ˺룬һѾֻһ˵ֱۣʯͷļ֮ϡ
û뵽ǧ֮ʯͷȻᱻ˸ϼҲɵЩǸΪļһﵽ˭ֲʯͷ¶һ
ʱʯͷҲߵ˸ǰƬһۣüͷ壬һ۲ʱĶʯͷϵɻԽԽء
ʧˣǲǰˡɻʯͷҸϽ͵
Ȼڻĵɻ󣬲ҵĻ֮󣬵û˵ʲô
ϣЩεʱȴַһʹ˫ֽıŶӶ˵ϡ
Щֵһۣʵôˣ
ҿЦһ£֪ô˵˰С˵ˡ
ʲôȻҵϣһҵĻǰ˫ҲһŤңڿһ񾭲
㿪ʲôЦôỳУ˼Ķ˵
ֻֿЦһ£˵ҲǣǺǺˮﲻ֪ʲô
˵꣬Ծңʱߵ˫ȴһ㶣ȻͳɤӶ˵·а취
Ҷ챻Ķˣһ뵽Щĵ˶ҵĶ棬ĳȻƿҵĶҾͻëֱ
˫˵а취һϲϾ·
Ҹһ˼ȻҵĶӸŵòᡣ
ʱ˫ߵҵĸǰһҵĶƤ˵һֹơ


57 
˫һҵĶӣüͷ΢΢ţ˵һֵĹƶѲˮ棬˺֮ͻ棬Կвࡣ
һ뵽ЩˮһĶƿЩŮʬĶӣҾͲɵĻ˫˵ⲻǹƣҶĶˮӲࡣ
ȻûмƳ棬ʦ˵νĹƳ涼һЩģˮһĶôǹƶ
˭֪˫Ҷÿҡҡͷ˵һֹƣ˵¹ƵķֹĲЩ棬ƵĹ
ʱǰ˫ֻԼʮң޽ѾףǻĽ׳ȥ˿ֲ
˾ԲǼ氵뵽ʷʬʬѾڣҪѾϼѣҾûа취ڳѾԣϵĹƶѾ˸ɾ
ǰƵĿ֣ܲˬҲǸˣֻ˫Ŀ
뵽治ɵİˣҲ⵽ǲǹƶˣʵ㡣ܽ⿪ֹƶ
˫ҵ˵ͷ˵нƶҩֻеЩ֣֪ҩûЧ˵꣬ڻóһɫСƿ
˵ԼҲûжգ΢΢ЩʧڶѾЩ˵׼ʲôʱܳȻϣҲֻȥˡ
һ˳һС˫֣ǴƿҵС
Ҵ򿪴ƿĸӣһɼΪ̱ǵζζǳİԵ굽ҵı棬ҸǺ۾һᣬᡣ
һŵζҾ֪ҩѡõҩĶǼΪԵģСƿ浹һźɫСҩ裬Ȼƿӵݸ裬һŻˣ˱ĻĻӹСƿһҩ
ֻҩһڣ۾͵ɵøһǵͨһƬǳһų͹ĹţҪҩ³
ʱǰһιֻ˫һޱȵľͳ嵽ǰһסһ
ֻԭ͵һӾȥ淢һӦǰǶȥ
ҩˣ˫˻˵ҩеԵӦöǵĶá
һ뿪ǼһһϸߣǱβ͵èһ໴ţҵķԼıңҳһƿˮ˹˵ľ͹
һӣٿԼеĺɫҩ裬ҲɵЩҩжѳԡ
ҩ岻ʱ˫ߵҸǰʵôҳԣ
ҿӷ˵ҪǳԲȥ㡣
Ҹеܵ˺ôƯŮǰôԼСأ̧һӾͰҩ˺档
ⶫѳԣû뵽Ȼôѳԣҩ貢ûбĹŹζʵ̫ˣҳԹ֪Ҫٱ
֪ΪʲôǸˣұǴһڰҩ̵ȥģ˭֪ҩеһӾͿҵɤۣʱҾ͸оһѻԼɤһû̡
ұĲУҪ³˭֪վǰ˫ȴͻȻ֣ƳɵһӾͿҵĺϡ
һֵλøոպãǿҺҩ豻һֱӸƵ˶棬Ҿ;һɻܵԼĶ棬ҲɵĴ
ʱʯͷĬĬߵߣֵݸһƿˮڱҩŪÿˣһץƿˮ͹˵Ĺȥ
ˮһ棬Ƶʹжʱ᲻٣ҲɵһǴʱȴǵ˵ϣŶӲͣڵϴɫ԰ףͷϵ亹ֱʡ
һ˵ҩǰԵһ㣬ķӦҲôɣһ￴Ǹ˰
˭֪ͷո£;ԼĶе㲻ԾҸоǸСҩһһ뵽ҵĶ棬ʹҲܣ˭֪Һˮ֮Żһɢ˿һȼ
ʹĸоĺֺܿǿңҸоСԼĶ治ͣиţҲ̲סˣŶһͷԵ˵ϡ
ʯͷҺģЩż̧ͷ˫ʵô£
˫˰֣˵û£ҩǶĶһͺˡ
ʯͷ˵ͷûʲôֻǾŵϵǣʱһ˫۾ʯͷϵɫŹ֡
ҸоСҵĶ治ͣиţҵĳһжϣζҹ˭ҲܲˣҸһڵϴĺС
֪˶ãҲ۵ľˣȻоʹ˲٣ʱȫˮʪˣϴһѾûа
ȻҲһڵţ˫ĳӣڵ
ոҾ;ԴЩΣȻһ󹾹죬ϽԼ·ֻҵĶڻ΢΢¡ֻЩƤֲȴʧˡ
Ҹ˫ôһ£ͻȻЩģ죬µĸо
ʱͻȻ۵һŤͷȥֻʱѾſڵϲͣ
ҵͷȥһ³ĶֱӸŵëȻЩʵ̫˶ˣ
ֻ³ȫīɫճҺ壬Щ֪ʲô滹һɫĶȥһ˻
һ³ǾŵһǿҵȳζϽű˼֣ˬҲҡͷʯͷ³ĶҲüͷֻ˫ȴǸ˵ĹЦ˵ˣҩˣ
ұ³ĶŵëȻһ뵽ԼĶҲЩҾҲ̲סˣһĿ
һ°ҵĵ֭˳µһֹס
֪ԼµĶ϶һģһҺԼԺҲԲ¶Ա۾ͷתһߡ
ʱʯͷϵһߣȻݸһƿˮҺȵȻͣ£ǲôڣܹоǹ˶ĵȳζ
һԼĶӣѾָ治ɵһСǱסˣ˫˵лл㡣
˫΢ЦҵͷʱʯͷֹұŵԱߣ뿪Ҹո³Ķ
ҸмĿһۣ˭֪ȴǰԴ쵽ҵĶϣұŪûһﵽôˣʱҪʲôԱ߻ôأҸеԼβЩ
ϿָԱжҺ˼ʱʯͷҵĶ˵


58 ʯ
һʯͷһϽܴһ£ܺҸʲôʱҲûа䱸ӣ֪϶ֻʯͷһ˷ΣգĸӦҪԶĶࡣ
Ļڵϣһţһﻹſڵϲͣĺߺ󣬱֮Щãҡ
˸Σյƣһﵹͦ飬һӾڵ۾´
ʱʯͷ˿˴˸ƣʯͷ˫ɫһ䣬ǹվߣǸ֣ˬǸڵϿʷ
ЩˣȫǱ˿ƵĹһ·ܶˣҲ֪ΪʲôǸǡȻЩţǶʯͷ˵
ʱڵҡҡλεվһЩ˿ƵĹиӵ֡
ڳĻɽϷǲر˴һ淢ʦĵ׹˵ΪҲ
Щ˵ԼᶯǱϾô֯ļһ﷢ôΨһĿܾһص֮ڿЩǸһֱڰǡ
뵽ҾЩܴȴʲôҲûз֣ɻ˵׸ǳ֮µûйϵʦǲ
ͷȴֿ˵ЩмʮǻǸϽߡ
һĻŵƨľڵҲһЩж֪ģϼ͹Ǻһˣû뵽ǵľȻмʮ
˵껰ڱͳһžŵֽһ£Ȼָָǰ棬˵ߡ
Щ֣õķһŵͼͺˣֻнĹ˲ܻµͼôһŵͼʲôͷĹʲôĿģ
ǲѽҡҡλεߵҸǰ˵
ҵȻ֪򵥣򵥵ҲܵĹ棬һĹĵͼŮ˵ʲôͷ
ʯͷĿһȴû˵ʲôǸǵĺ棬⣬Ȼ֪ôеͼĹ˳Ĺġ
Ĺ˵ľ޴ĲƱӦв٣˫֣ˬǹɵİģΣյУҿ˵һϵƣԻҪҵıѱǲۺ죬ɱڡ
뵽ҾбҪǼ֪ǲΪǮƲŽ棬ǰ˼Ŀһ˵һҪҵıþǣһ㶼Ҫġ
ҵĻһ㶣ȻһЦ˵ԭΪǵĹأղſƬҾ֪ǲǡ
֪ƬʯͷŮ˿϶ǲµʲô̯̯˵ͺãǽǵĿģĶþǣǾҪ
֮Ը˵ҲɵĹǹΪ˱ⱻ׵ĸɵҾû˵ȽϺá
˭֪ҵĻ֮ȴһ£ȻЦ˵ˣǶװͿˣҲΪĹǿʯɣ
Ļһ£ԭΪһΪǮƵĵĹû뵽ƺе㲻һ
ʯʲôʯЩֵʵ
ҵĻֵɵˣϸĿ˿ңƺȷûѣȻȵʵĲ֪ʯ
֪˵ʯǸʲôı࣬ƺǸʯĶ򵥡
ʱѾƹʬɽǰӿݵģеĵطлˮ·ܲ棬һСĵֵͲ·һҪôش
˭֪ʱǰ˫ͻȻͣӣǴ˵ͣǰ
һͣ˽ŲʯͷվԱߣԴʲôһȻŲߵǰ棬˫һ𣬽Ķǰĺڰ֮Уüͷ
ҷŵ˺Ҳϸ£ǰҲûʱȴյҸǰС˵СʦҸղ˵ʲôʯ϶ֵǮɣ
ǮļһҪǰ浽׷ʲôֻʯͷ˫͵תǴһܣ
ұǵһʱ̧ͷȥֻǰڵĿռԼ׸ߵλãȻȭͷһСĺɫ㡣
ɫĹڵĿռɢĵĹâȥмֵĹ죬ĳֶ۾
һ˫۾׸ߣжߣ϶Ǹһ
뵽Ҳ˲ˣŤͷܡ
һתͼһѾȥüԶˣ氵һҪı£һһġ
ûжԶһ󿩿֨֨ѾԽԽ
̲סŤͷһۣȴŵòֻһž޴棬ڰУղŵĨ˫۾淢ġ
а׿һ׶೤ⶴĹ߲ãûп峤ʲôӣһѾҸŵòᣬ˵⵽ʲôôôһ
ǰ壬û뵽˵ǸŮģȻҵٶȻ죬һ׷ҡ
һһ߾֨֨Ҳ֪ǶôŪģֻԽԽŵ亹ֱðһ뵽ʯͷְĲ١
ǹסⶫʱҵһ֣ˬģһֻʯͷѾͣ˽ŲϽʷ
ʱǹѾǲԶҲһ㣬ֻɢŻɫĹâȻһ޴ͭߡ
ߵ棬һһӴֻⶫ೤һĽţԵ
ﲻϴͭߣȻ϶һͭףֻǲ֪ΪԶʲôԭЩʱѾƲ
û뵽ȻôһֵĴһﲻɵһ뵽˭˭ôٵȻⶫһͭߣҡ
ⶫ̫Ӵ󣬷ԿܣЩֻ˫֣ˬǹվں棬ǹ׼ԽԽĴһ
һǹ죬ֻǹֹͣ˶ƺӵˣڵһ󷭹ͣķʹĽ
һ˵ǹ⻹治ţҲӵڡ
ǹ𣬴ҶͣܣʱյҸǰǸشĹһĭԾ˵̵ģһֻѽ


59 
һĻЩԾĶʵʲô
ǰ棬𾪵˵򼣬ѽ
ҲеĵطǰҲ̫˰ɣ
ֻˮͰһϸĲ־׸ߣ滹֪ж೤ͷϴǹͭߣס
򼣬ҺȻڵºɫӰӣǿȥСܿ϶ǾԲһࡣ
ΪڵºǸɫӰԲˮͰһߣĳצЩצͬһѰһ˿˲ɵĻ
ʱ֣ˬ˫һһǹͣӵĿϣһĻǣûп׵ĵطӵⲻͣīɫճѪҺ
͸õĿȥֻں죬ǲͭףԼϵļ׿ҲӦ㹻ӲǹĴ򲻶
ģĹ浽ô£ôôĶ򼣬治ɵİ𾪡
ʱѾͣڵϲͣķУԵüΪʹ࣬һŪʯҷɣ̾˵ĺܡ
ߣĹޣ˿ѾҪҵ֮ˡʱǱĲͣĴ򼣬ϴ˷ܵ˵
ĻһŮ˷ѾǧĹΪҵǿʲôʯͷʯͷʲô
Ů˵Ĺĳ֮⻹һߣҾͲɵڵºǸ޴ĺӰѲеĺߣ
򼱻˫֣ˬеǹѹסˣǶɵһҲˣվ档
˭֪ʱǴַһĲҽУԭǹڵϵ͵һޱȵľǰ˹
ֻͭߵͷͻȻֻĴߵĵײ̽һһվǰ˫֣ˬʹ˹ȥ
̹ìٶȿľˣ˫һ󺰣ʯ֮䣬Ӱεض𣬶ĹǸ֣ˬȴûôˣӦ˰ģӸոһͱĴֱӸ̵˸
޴Ҳĳ棬һԴַޱȣֻ۵һžʹ֣ˬһҽУֱӱ͸ôǸ߸ߵ
ٶ̫죬ǸԮֻĴǻ֣ˬ͵ͷһֻǻֱӾͰ֣ˬгΡ
ε֣ˬһʱûֳֻϰͷǷһҵĽⳡޱȡ
˫ǹһɨȻͷǴһܣ˵ԼҲתر
ʱﻹѣһǰ壬ͣĴ춯򼿴Ǳˣһֱ׷ǡ
ҧǰ壬ٶ̫죬ѾԽԽˣʱʯͷں淢һ󺰣ߣס
ȻҾһǹ죬ܱŤͷһֻ˫ʯͷѾͣ˽Ų˫ǹͣʯͷҲźڵ䱸š
ȻӵĻѪͣķɽȴǱ뺷쳣ƴһûִͣʯͷ˫
˸ӲһһҵĶ˿ȴû׷ˣһ̲ͣǰ׷˹
һ°ŵò治ס˳̵ǰ񱼣ҿûʯͷ˫֣ҪǱⶫ׷ϣ³Ʊ֣ˬòȥ
ʱʯͷ˫Ľкһǹ죬Ӧں湥򼣬ֻҰеùǣûΪΪ˵Ĺͣצǳ
棬Ǽһܵ죬һңңȣһ̰ƣҲֻܵıˣǰǸŮˣЩأѾҪ׷ˣŮ˵ǲС
һĹĹͷǰȴǷһ󺰣ͣӡ
ǰȥ治ɵİп࣬ԭǵǰѾû·һʯڣʯϺںĲ֪жߣҹ⻬ޱȣûа취ȥ
ǼһķӦܿ죬ʯڣͣһ£ŵͷܡ
ʱĸӵĽˣŤͷһŵҲ⣬ֻǴѾԶ泤ĴѾ˳һһңһѴһ㣬Ҿͼ˹
ұһԱܣһ·ȫûˣ治ɵİп࣬ԼѲɽҪ档
Ҳ֪Ǻõʱǰȴĳһѣе˵ǰиڣȥ
̧ͷһֻǰʯ֮ϹȻһĶڣⶴֱһңںɫʯ֮ϣزһ׶࣬ղŽ֮¾Ȼûз֡
ֻһ֮ǰһһͷڵĶڡ
ʱֻǶҪҵˣҴһǰһԾҲһͷ˶档
ⶴһţʮֵĹ⻬бб£һȥҾֱ滬ȥо׵ӣԴ͵һײһĶ洫һŵζŮϴζ
Ľвãǰ棬һͷײˣֻ֪ײʲôطȻôҸо
һæңҪڵǾʱȴǴһֲĴ죬ĵ涼΢΢ĻζȻ洫һĺУֱײɽ֮ϡ
ҺϽǰ˹ȥƺҸײòᣬڵϷʹ
ǰϽһץס·źȥ̧ͷһ۶ڣֻŹͭߵͷڶڣһ˫ź۾Ķҡ
ұŻźˣֻûһѾʯڣ沢󣬲һǣͷϵԴ˵㣬ûа취
ŵĸոշ£ֻԴһֻĴǾͨ˹
һ°ҸŵҺõǣϵֻԵĲֻȴǡ
ĨһѶͷϵ亹ͷʵû£
ڵһ˵û£ֻŲƺŤһ¡
һֵͲһգطһССɽûһ䷿ʲôûС
飡
ʱִһܼǹӦʯͷ˫׷˹ڹ򼡣
ƺǹˣַһֽУֻĴɽڴһ裬Ŀɿڴ֮УֻɽϵʯھȻ񶹸һֻǸĻֱ䣬һʯѾǸղŽĶڸʵʵ


60 
ЩʯѶڸģһ˿϶Ҳû£һɵˣ˵Ҫôȥ
ʱǴһǹ죬ǴĲҽУĴ˵ı˫ģѾˡ
ںʱΣգֱ䣬ĶֻǹǴĺԽԽԶӦͷȥ׷ʯͷǣ治ɵ÷ְģҲ֪ʯͷûΣա
ʱϵַʹҲŻعղ˵ŤˣҸϽֲֻͣԼŽŲӡ
ûôôƯŮ˽ӴԾЩţ˵Ұ㿴
һۣ˵ͷ֣ЬѵȻѵӣŮ˵Ƥܰףһɵ㣬ֱұǿ꣬Щͷϵĺˡ
ȣڵϵЩֵҡ
ǡеȣеơεţȻֵͲյĽϣֻ׵ĽŲЩģһƬ࣬ӦŤˡ
Ҹ£ȷû˵ͷȻڱó׼õĺ컨ͣϣĸ
СʱŤţʦ;ַţ˶ʱͺãҲѧַֻû뵽ڵǸˡ
Ƕ˵ԾЩΣҿһЩֵʵΪʲôҪ˵ǿʯͷʲô⣿
̫ŪҪ̽һĵϸ
˭֪ŮҵĻ֮ȴ΢΢һЦҷʵȸΪʲôҾ͸ΪʲôҪ
ұһ㶣˫˵Ů˲ƯһܽƻǱռˡ
Ҳûʲôɶ˵ܣ˵ʦˣ뿪ӦǸеϵҲط
ҵĻĶҵ۾ƺȷû˵ѣֱҸͨ죬ֶ֪ķŵʱ򣬲գգ۾
治ɵһֲ̧ͷϵĺˮ˵Ů˹ȻǼһ˫۾·ܹҵһҪǣʵƯһֽŵԱУָоŤԸʯͷһҲԸŮ˽Ӵ
˭֪һûüɿŮֱֱң˵ǸһʯͷһǸʲôͷ
֪˵ʯͷµƬʯͷҲѹŮ˻رĸȤ
ҰѺʯͷʶĹ̸򵥵˵˵Ȼ˵Ǽһʧˣǰ鶼ǵˣҪܻܲļ䡣
ҵĻǸŮȴûңóµǰƬ˵ˣˡ
һᣬͻȻ˵ԣϹ죬Ӧûĸˡ
ʱȻͷˮҲµ˵ǶʮǰĹĿӣֻǲ˵ĸʲô˼Ѳɵʦֺʯͷ˻߳Ĺ
ʱʵӦø㵽ΪʲôҪ𣿡
˭֪Ů˶һЦſ˵Ȩ㡣
ұ仰ҭ˵գգ۾˵һûʲô취Ů˲ϲƭˣԺһҪ㣬ҪȻ˹һڰǮ
Ҳվоҵĸ׽оΡҾñŮ˸ƭ˵ʱû뵽ȴ˵
˵ĻҾЩͷΪʲôҪû뵽ȴǶ˵Լʲô׽ʲôǲ黧ڵ
ʱӦýоƺҵʣǰƬٵҵĸǰ˵Ҹ׵⿼ˣ
ұĻһ˳ָȥֻƬһǣվһˣ˴һɽװȥӦʮ꣬ú˧
ϸĿ˼ˣ̧ͷһǰľԾķ֣ǵòмֵ
ھԼЩʹˣǺ˵꿼ӵ˶Ѿˣֻʯͷʦ˳Ǹղǿ죬˵ĸҲǵ꿼еһˣ⵽ô£
ĹĵͼͼԼģôֻһܣǾĸ߳Ĺֻĵͼ
ʵû뵽ĸҲǵĹһԱû뵽ĸ׾ȻҲ߳Ĺ
죬ȴ֪Ҫ˵ʲôҺֽ˵ĸ˵길׻صҵʱ϶ˣһźã׶˭Ҳû˵飬ûȫҾҲûл
˵꣬ǳһû뵽Ȼģô궼ûлع϶ʲô˲ö֪ܡ
Ǹղž˵׶˭û˵Ĺô֪ģһЩ
ƺ֪ʲôǰľҿЦһ£Ȼ˵Ҹǰȥģȥǰľͳ⣬һ˴ʲôĹ˵ˣ˰ͬ鶼ˣһ˵Ĺһʯͷÿᵽʯͷ϶˿־塣
ҳĬ˵ģôĿӿ϶ʲô˲֪飬ÿĴ󲿷˶
˽оҸ׵Ĵ硣ʱǾְƬõҵǰָŸվһһ˶˵
ҴչͷָŵǸˣȻĸ׳мƣֻҪԵôһЩ
Ҳ֪澿ʲôǰһֱ˵ŶԲ󲮣ĹǿʯͷģĴ󲮺˶档
˵⣬һ٣Ȼֽ˵ȥԺҷռǣĹĵͼռûд̫Ķƺܺ»飬ֻֻƬ˵Ĺ淢һʯͷ˶ΪʯͷŶ˵ʯͷʯ
˵֪꣬һһ׸ı˵Ĵ飬˶ˣֻʦ֡ʯͷ;ĸ׻Ǹ죬ΪʲôʯͷʦָʮģЩǸ޴֪Ҫҵʦ֣ߵȵʯͷָ䣬һеܽ⿪
ҲڵȴһʣӵҲᣬʦֵȥˣеʦΪʲôˣǸΪʲôڳĳ棬Щһҡ
Ҿ֪׵浽ʲô־°뱲ӣҲңƽ˵


61 ڻ
飬Ů˵ɣָǿıڣӦĲ
뵽е棬ͨԼĸײ֪Ĺʷأôҵʷ
뵽ʵôҵʷ·
Цһ£˵Ȼ֪˺٣ʷһôֻһ˻ȥˣˣҵ
һҲǣʷǵ˶ˣʣԼµȻˣܹʷȴԲһ׵£Ů˲ѽ
ʱǹǴĺԽԽԶѾˣǱ˫ʯͷ˸ˣҲ֪ûΣա
ߵĶԣһ治ɵİп࣬ʵ̫ˣֻǱӲͨôһȫʯڸµġ
˼£氵һЩʯȻڸסˣǶֻٵĶ
ţطϡ٣Һ;ʱ䳤˿Ҫľͣʯ
ǸŮˣҿ϶ǽģұûܰæŮ˹ȻҲûǰæ˼СĵڵվֵͲһΧʯڡ
쿴ж
ұһ˵ѵʲô
̧ͷһֵֻͲֱֱŶʯڣĿȥֻʯڲǹ⻬ģǱΪĿ̳˲ͼЩͼֱһ
û뵽ⷿǽϾȻлڵվĴһֻʯҵǽͼЩͼȫϣȻ֪˹꣬ɫȴû졢ڡɫΪҪɫճһͼ
ֵͲߵǽǣȻʼϸĴʯϵıڻҿ˼ۣȴһͷˮЩļΪ򵥣ü򵥵ճģͿȻ
˵ʷЩ˵
˹ʱ򱻳Ϊ衯ԴؽĴͽẽͽ꽭ˮشǨ㵽εס˺ܳʱ䣬˿ڲϷܣԽ˲䣬衯Ϸ׵巢ìܣ׵壬һ׷׵嵽˻ƺӱﶨӡ衯ʵҲԽԽʱǵĲһܳ䣬ȡ
ҵ˵ͷ˱Ϊ衯ҰΪȵĴ˵֪ģ׵ۺͻʵ֣ȣսʧܾܺԺ󣬾ĸһڱ־εĴս˼շתɢƹȵأطġ
ǸѵĲ䣬ԭȨΪˣʷвٴԭĴս˵һܹܵڣľˡ
滭ľһŲѣﶨӵĹ¡Щڻ֮˵
Щڻֿ̫ªңҸͿʱĻϸĿһǽϵıڻֻһʼʱкܶɱһ滹Ӧһս
ڻƵƵĳһԱȱҪߴˣǰ棬߹ɽ˶֣ĸ
ԵǸɽºӣͷм滹޲ͽ˺ѻΡ
ҲʯϵߴӰ϶һλ˶սɽˮӣֻǲ֪ϵλǲĹеˡ
һЩϲΧŻֵ裬赸ԴǨ;УҪֲ߹ĺˮһӡǡ
һһսĳ棬һӦ֣ȫˣսʮּңҳ濴ȥԵĴƣܹµսʿ
һתһ棬Щ˵мֳǸĸߴӰֻվԼ֮Уָ߸ߵľţһεġɫĿȥ·һʯͷĶ
ĶҺ;ǵɴ۾ѵ˵ǿʯ
˵ʯ˵صԵЩָǷ˵
ϸȥֻλʯͷ̧ͷǰȥǰȫǵ˵ʿЩʿڲֻʵΪǵȻڲͣ׷ǣ
һһ޴ĺߣһǸղſǸŹߵĴ򼣡
м仹вٹӵˣҲ׷ܵʿЩӵ΢΢һ㶣˾ȱҲսϹƨȥ׷ϵˣЩ˵ʲôͷ
ϸĹ۲ֻЩӵ涼ûҳԾǣЩ˾Ȼƾ˫־ͰѵץסеֱӰѵ˵ԴŤ
Щ˵ʲôˣʱгʣӱڻϿЩӵľԲͨˣΪͨ˲ôһ˵ԴŤ
ҶЩˣͻȻһֵķ֣ΪЩ¶ϣ߶һε˰̣
Щ˰̺˿⻭ȥģĿľΪ˱Щ˵Ĳͬ
ʱҵ͵һЩǹЩûĹ
Щͣ׷ϵ˵ĹҵĳĬԿǸĸߴ϶ҲһͨĸˣЩûд·ĹĿơ
˲֪ˣ¹ͷɻˣܻڣôڳֵǸʲôͷ
ʯͷʯͷӵ˿ͺߵֵĵˡʱľЩָűڻ˵
ͺ߲֪ô᳤ôͲȥѱѪľ޴ʯͷ˳Ϊǿصʯͷԭʯͷʲôͷ
ʯͷഫɽҵʯӵԺǿʯͷҲߣһĹ˯ǧ꣬ĿӽΪҵʯͷ
˾ĻҳĬʯͷ˵棬˹ƶҪõĿӼȫûԭѲɾΪʯͷ˴ģѱ˶ɱˣ
뵽ҾͲɵĻһ߳ȥֻˣһʦ֣һǾĸףһʯͷ
е㲻ȥˣ˻ԴʱľҲĬƺҲ뵽⣬Ҳ֪˵ʲôֻ˵ͨȥ׼ȥʯͷ˭֪ҵĽŸո̧ʹһ


62 ʧ
ڶͨ𣬰ҸһΪǸֻ˵ʱ򣬾洫һѼɤںСʦû£
ҷǳϤǼһ
һһȻһģڻ֪ңҲġ
󺰣û£ֻˣڣڣˣǴôˣ
ӦһȻҺʯͷͷ֪ʲôطȥˣʱȫǸϽӦȥٶЩʯ
Ҳϻˣľ͸Ǿûæ˼ֻǲͣĶЩʯڷ
ЩҲøƽϣӹƾҲﲻʲôæ
ҲСʦʱֳɤӺ
һĻ氵п࣬˵СӾǷ飬ûаŵģ˵Ĳ˵Ķ˵
ȻϣľĻ֮ĺһ̧ͷ͵͵ĿһۣƯ䣬ȻǱһĲơ
ģ˵СӱϻˣϽڣʦѽһܻ𳵣˵Ļ
ҵĻ֮ŶһҲûٷϻֻ
ͨͦȻǴŪĶһЩʯǻǷǲʱ䣬Ҹ۵Ļ·ʪ͸ͨҲ۵ĲƣڵϴڴڵĴ
ڶСĵ˳ҵһҳһйеʵСʦû£
ҸҪش˭֪һǰϽһһᣬԱ߾͵ȥԭһһСĲȵʯϡ
ȥķ治ɵİвãԭһľȻ˸ճվһߵľ
ǾҹҪǱһѹܰһˣѾæˣۿӾҪҵֻһ޳ȸ߸ߵ̧һƯıֱӾɨĲϡ
ǲСˤģıͲȣһ¸Ͷ㲻ֻһֱӳ鵽˲ϣһҽУˤڵأȻµµĹȥԶ
һ°ҸĿɿڴһֱһŮӣû뵽־Ȼôãһǳ˴ˡ
ôҲôʱʦʱǾһߵ«һҹҵ治ɵЩջ𣬶˵ֲǹģô𣿡
˭֪ȴ֣˵֪ǹģղҿǹġ
ĻһһԿͿǷˣŮ˶С׼ǳ𣬶ֻôãԺҲҪԶһ㡣
ܵߣһʱѾŲڵָǾе㡭ôܴˣ
һˤòᣬе㺦ŮˣȻʿûһǾ˫ֱǰߣ˷û
ߵǰļһ˵Сʦ㿴ô
ҡҡͷʵû£
ƳǾһۣͻȻһ˵СʦҾһĹͷˣ°뱲Ӷ²˴ˡ
ұһĲЦ鵽ɾһģûйеһ˵˱ˣ˵ʯͷȥ
ʯͷ˫򼣬ڻûлЩǡ
ҵĻҲֹͣݼֶ̧ǰһָ˵ҿǰȥˡ
ҿ˿ָķ˵һǹȥ
ȻǴֲܿ浣ʯͷİȫԻǾŹȥ
;ûҵǰ˹ȥǸûжԶԶʹһܼǹǹ΢ǵľ벻
ǹ治ɵİżʯͷ˫˰ȥôԶû˦
˳ĵطһ·׷һξ룬ͣ˽ŲΪҷ֣ԱѾû·ʲôûУȻһƬ¡
ʱҲˣЩµ˵طô¡
ûֵͲŶһ£ȴһƬںģͷּ˿ʯͷͶȥʯ鶪£ûþʹͨһȻһӣ
ǰߣûԶֻǰ±ϾȻһʯţʯź֮ϣһͷ֪ͨʲôط
ʯ׿֮ϣԲģǳԴȻĹ񹤡
ͬһʯţ˶벻ɽ֮лĴȻĽ
Ȼʯ㹻˾ȣҪҵʯͷǣֻǰֿ˿ʯţһʱ֪ʲôط׷
ʱһܼǹžĴֻԵüΪʹ࣬Ӧʯͷ˫³˿
µһߴģǲٵ飬Ҵͷʯžͳ˹ȥ
һʯţŷ֣ϲ֪û߹ˣʪ̦޺һȥˤͷ
ºںĿռ䣬Ŭһĭ;˵̫ҪСġ
ŲһܳҾİײĿ˶԰ȵ˶԰һƬڿյĿռ䣬ʱѾҲûǹĽˣһʱȻ֪ʲôȥ׷ˡ
ʱŵһָ˵Сʦ㿴
˳ָȥֻ˲Һ壬ЩҺɫģɢһȳζѪҺ
˳ЩѪǰȥһûԶָǰ쿴
Ҳˣǰ治Զĵط˶ʯڣſڵϣЩȳɫѪҺضǡ
һǶһҵһӦתܣȴһûм֣׳ŵͣ
ʱǼһѾͷ˼Զˣûиͣ˽ŲҴ󺰵Сʦѽ
˰֣˵ˡ
ֻ̯ڵϣȻԶһûж
˿ĭ׳ŵǰڵϼһʯͷǴͶ˹ȥʯͷϷһһ
ʱҵӴ˵㣬ŵߵǰһȴҾĿɿڴֻǸͭѾѳ룬ǱһԴѾ뿪壬ȻѾ͸ˡ
˿ȥȴֵķûаӰ˵ʯͷˣ˫Ҳ


63 
ʱǸͭ׵Ĵ̱ڵϣǱǹĵףڻڲͣīɫճѪҺ
ȻЩ׶ճ˺ܴ˺ҪĻǲϵһһԴҷϳЩӵµĵ֮⻹һֲĵˣõ˵ĵΪĵ꣬ѡõĿ϶Ӧʯͷɵġ
ʱ迴ûΣգҲǰ˹죬˵һǹô򼶼Ǹɷˡ
˵꣬µĴһۣЩֵ˵أ
ҲĵʣѾˣҿȥӦʯͷ˫£ȥ
Ҫ̽ͷ̽ԵΧ˼ۣȻָһߴ˵쿴иˣ
˳ָȥֻǰĵϹȻһˣſڵϣЩԶ˭ľӦòʯͷ˫ΪȻ˵òԵҪС
ſڵһСĵߵǰһ˵·˳ʷ
Ǳ׷ϵʱ֣ˬģֽʯͷû뵽һ·ʯͷûаǿ
ҸϽߵǰʷûʲô˺۲һȻɻԣѾղһ԰ף˼Ѫɫ
һ˼ļ򣬾ʷ΢΢һ۾
ոѹʷƬ̣Ȼ̧ͷ˿һۣſʵǻŻˣ
ңڿѹҵȻʮֵĸˣ§ļ˵㵱Ȼţ
Ȼְ˫ľ˵һ£ʷһϸֳһ˿ЦЩԳ˵벻ͦӲүա
ʷոѹ廹ڱóˮʳȲʱǼһߵǴĸǰͣĶ˵ôãôô
˭֪ʱԭڵһĴ͵һŤڻз˸
豻ŵ÷һֽУȾܣ򼲢û׷ֻǷһ֮ڵһ
֮棬ʱʷǷĴ˵
ʱ򼡢ֶ֮ӶᶯԲа֮ôһ˵ԴˣȻܶҲǴˣͲв
ǼһȴǱŻˣһܿԶͷû׷ͣϺݺݵһĭЩ㬵˹
һҲЦҡҡͷʯͷ˫ȥ
ʱȴͣ˽ŲָķǺСʦ쿴ǵطһ
վ˳ָķȥֻղ嵲ŵĶ֮Ȼ¶һĶѨ
ⶴڿʯں͵Ľ紦һʯϣһڵ£ղűסˣǲûз֣תӣҲ¶ڡ
һѲʯͷ˫Ѿȥڣ
ҲЩ֣ʯͷӣ֮϶ȥң˫ǾıڣûΣ֮ҲӦȻȥǸʲô
СߵǶԱߣⶴڿʯϵĵطףֵͲһգֻȻһʯббͨȥĿͷ
нӡѾָ˵ʷָ̨˵
˵ģҽȥķǳæʷ۾濴Ķ࣬ʱʯһӡ˵
ĻӡӦþʯͷ˫µģڽ֮ûлȥǣǴæܽⶴȥʲô
ͷˮʱʷѾȻͻȻǴ˵ԣطһ˫ӡ滹һˡ
ĻǸӸе֣طôһˣ
˴ЬӣǸˣӦվ˺ܳʱ䣬ҹƾ˸ߵġ
Ҳ˶棬˳ʷָķȥȻһʯϷĽӡ
ӡƫԵһµĽӡӡӦվ˺ܳʱ䡣
ʱԽĹĹȻһˣ˾˭Ϊʲôʯͷ˫棬ؼǣʯͷ˫Ϊʲôȥ׷ˣ
˼ֵĶڣȻعͷʵҪҪȥ
Ŷڵ˵ͷʷû˵ǼһһۣһĭС˵᲻ỹʲô
˷ۣ˵㺦¿Բȥ
һҵĻ֮Ͻ˵ҵСʦѽֻ˵ΣգôҶСģû˵ȥ
ĸ棬ǸŮˣʷӻ裬ҾҪллˣֻҴͷ
Сǰ棬ʯЩʪҪСģһʼбб£ҹ˴Լһֱֱ֮ͨǰûãǰȻ˻ˮǰкӣ
ǽ˼ǰĿռһӱÿֻǰһʯߣʯƽףһȻܶµĺۼЩߴĲ֪γɵʯ鱻Ϊĸ̳˸޺ģڵĶͬһһ㣬ǿĻ
ʯһĺˮǺӲ׿ȥӦòֳܶ롣
Ĺ´ʱľȴǷһ
ұһɤӸһΪʲôܳأͷȥֻ̧ͷŶš
Щֵ˳ĿȥֻǵͷʱһںĶ
ǸһСһĸǱִסǵͷ
һ⣬˶һ˼ôһҪǵܰȫҳࡣ
ֵͲǶȥҲֺɫʯͷɵģһھ޴Ĺ餣
޴Ĺ餣ޱȣӵôһ餵˿϶λɣֻ벻ͨǣ˵ʲôôһ餸ڰУ
ײķʱҺȻһֵһ°ҸһŤͷȥֻǽͨʱ֪һȺʲôЩͣķһͬһĽ
жһ˫˫̹â۾


64 
ұЩĶŵûֵͲһգɵİЩǱģʱЩŮʬܳĸˮһĶ
ܣ֪ЩЩһ㳲̫࣬Ǹûа취ֻֿ
ʵҺһһӴ˳ȥǰȿ񱼣氵һһϽһǰ񱼡
ⶴûбĵطȥֻ˳ǵºһ·ǰˮ׷̫ܵĺǱʷЩ̫ܲ죬һֻһ˾档
ûԶҾЩˮӵĽѾԽԽ治ɵİп࣬οҪ군
ͷһֻۣһֻˮѾҲһԶһľ˹ȥһͷϣˮӸҵķ֨һֽУµµĹһߡ
Ǵһһֳüһʵڶסˣֻܡ
˲֪ãҾԼҪ˵ʱǰͻȻһ𣬽Ҿ;Լļһ˸ǰ档
ǳϤʯͷǸһұ˦ǰ棬ֻʯͷźڵ͵ס˳ǰļֻˮӣʱԱִһ𣬽žܼǹǸ˫
ЩˮȻнٶֻǶЩѪֵܹ֮סǹĹ˫ɨ֮£һصʬ壬ʣµҲˣ໽˻ȥ
һղܵļˣһƨɾ˵ϣڵĴ
ʯͷߵҸǰѵõҵļʵû°ɡ
Ȼһƽ滹ЩмһʯͷһܶұѾǺѵõˡ
ЦЦ˵û£ȻЩֵʵôܵģ
иˣڶ͵ǣڽҵ֣һģһʯͷüͷ΢΢ţ˵
һֲʯͷûлȥҶ׷϶˵󵱳ң
뵽ҾЩëȻʯͷж֪ģǸ˾Ȼܹģҵƭߣʲôˣ
뵽Щ֣˫ʯͷ˵أ
ʯͷҵȻ׷˫ôҲ¾˽
ʳʯͷûлش˫Ķ飬ˣ˵ǶԸʱ˾Ͷڶ棬һһСңʰ򼣬ˡ
ҸӵĳԾ˵ǵǸʲôˣȻܹͬʱģҺ;һһŮܴȻܹʯͷ˫ôġ
һ뵽ڹĶѨ棬һصˣȻܹԼһģһҾ;ûɵķ̲ס˸¡
ڵʯͷʵǸʲôˣ
ʯͷҡҡͷԱߵ˶˵˵ٶ̫죬ֻӰ׷ϣǵİȫԾͻˡ
иӵ֣ǸֵģҺ;ĿĻΪ˰ʯͷǸѵʲôܲɡ
ʱľһҪ˵ȥĹ餣ʯ棡
ĹΪѰǿʯͷʱôܲĶֻϢƬҪȥ
ҺʯͷĹŪһЩ飬û뵽ھȻŪԽԽԺȻǸǲһģҶ浽ûд˵еʯмֺģҲȥմ֡
ûʯͷȻҲһǸԣһ뵽Ҫף϶вٺöһ˫۾ڶҪŹˣҪǲȥƴ
ǰԭ·أЩˮӱǹɢӣҲ֪ܵʲôطȥˣûǾͻص餵档
ܵʯڹ⻬Ҳ֪˾ʲô취ôһھ޴Ĺ餸˰У׸ߣȥܡ
ڹײģôߣҪôȥ
׼ֻ˫ѱҷ£óһӣȻڵҵһʯͷӰסվǾ޴Ĺ棬ֶдһѰʯͷһͷ϶˹ȥ
˫ıˣֻӱһֱֻļһ߸ߵĴܵգʱƹǰŹ餵Ȼ
ǿʯͷأ˫Ӵ˸ᣬϵ֮ľȥûж󹦷ǿھ޴Ĺ档
µľЦЦ˵ȥȻӰסԼ˫һһһİȥ
ȥʯͷһֻۣ˵ͷȻץһȥʯͷȥ֮ӣҺʷһĶȥ
վڹײ棬Ҳĸоľ޴ֻײ׿׶ߣĸһСӲֵǣ餲ǳεģεģһ˵֮⡣
ײ϶ֺɫʯɵģûеκεΣȥܹ⻬˴һ֮⣬ײԵúͨûʲôرĵط
ô£ʱѾߵ餵м䣬ָźһ˵
ĻǶ̧ͷȥֻ餺ߵĽϾȻһԼ幫ֵɫ
ǶһΪԲܳڹŴִֻУô϶˽֮ġ
ǸϽܵϣϸĿֻ餵һǶסˣ滹һֻ£ǹڿסģڻڹ餵ıϡ
Щ֣ǽ餵һǸסģǵʱΪʲôҪ餸סôûʲôѽ
쿴ʱǾڹ֮ϣָĽ¶˵
˳ָȥֻ֮Ϻһ϶餵ĸѿһ飬ѿһǱסһ飡
ƺЩˣ˰餵һǸ˿һ飬Ǻֲ֪Ϊʲôԭֶ˻ȥǺʲôһӰ˿һָİסˡ
뵽ӵ֣˫ѯʵһۣߵ˵ͷֻ˫һѷذףǸ֮ǰ
Ƕʲôܳ˫Ķɵİţֻеذײӵĵ£һǸͶ˿ࣵһһ죬ȥ
ʱ˫ذײǹϵķ϶֮Уһǹ餸ѿһǾȻһӱȥڵϷһ졣
Ǵ򿪹餵˫ʱɫͻȻò԰ޱȣǿʲôµĹһź˼


65 ʮһ
һΪʲôѾ˳˵׼˭֪˫˿֮һƨ˹׸棬ָԼؿڼ£ǹ沢ûʲô
֣˫ʵ֪ģԲһСˣ澿ʲôȻųӣ
С˹ȥʯͷǰ棬ֻһۣüͷϵļ͵һȻ󻺻ɿȻҲһ
һҸӵ֣浽ʲôȻʯͷŵߵǰǸȱȥ
涫ĵһʱΪԼ˹ԣӦǱȹҪ£ΪҼЩȴǱҼκһҪ¡
ֻŵǼɿݵֱۣЩֱţҪٿ׸һЩֱֻۣڶѾɿݵһݲ񣬼ͬһһ
Щֱָ֪Ϊʲôԭָ״ˣеƤⶼûˣ¶ɭɭİ׹ǡ
εȻŵǣµЩֱ۵ˣֻЩֱǴӵһͷЩͷļһ̧ͷŵĴģڷź
Щ˶Ѿ˸ʬļ˶ȥֲǴŵͣͬһڵĿ׶еɵԲԲ۾˿ľ龰˭һۿҲסҲѹ˫ŵˡ
Σҵһ˼ǼһŵϸߣһԲۣһվȣҪʯͷסˤȥ
ʷӳˣЩֲĸʬӦֻ̫ɫˣҳϵĻǾŮ˿ЩֲĶȻɫҲˣǲûһˣֱĶЩ
Ů˲ҲģȻֱĶЩˣһŮ˭ѽ
ʱһҲЩʬȥֻǶ̧ͷ˫ָ߸ߵϾţͻȻһЩҪٿһѿĹ׸ǣ
뵽ס׸ǵһоһķס˹׸ǣѵΪ˲Щ˳ЩʲôˣǸѹ׸ס˭
ʱҶѾΧ׸ѿĶԣڲҲ͸ոպһ˽ȥڵͷֻܹģֵͲһ£ֻֿĸɿָ滹ˣֻǱ˶ڡ
ұΪĹ餣û뵽һ򿪾ȻôֲĳЩ˵ʲôˣôĹ棿
Щ˲ˡʱǶüͷ˵
ϸһֻЩ¶ֱϣƺִװһֲɫľװ
⣬ͷ͵һЩǵĿӣ
ʱ򲻹뵽ˣһﶼ뵽ˣɫһ䣬ʯͷû˵ץסһʬֱۣһѰ˳
ŵˣʯͷԺǲĿ˴һ߰ʮеĲɫװӦþǵ꿼һԱ
ʱޱȣЩʬǵ꿼ˣôʲô˰ȫ棬ʱʯͷİѶڵ߸ʬҲ˳ʱĶѾ˳ҴֵͲһ£ȴǵһ
ֻ餵棬վŲĸʬǽļһƺҪȱڳǿռޣֻ˼档
ֻЩ˵ֱҲǰţֳһģ
ҲɵĵһȻ˭ȻôЩ˶棬ѿĹ׸ռ̫Сһס԰Щ˸ε档
ڣЩּһҿ浽жˣȥӦò١
ĿӼһʮøˡʱǾʯͷ˵
治֪˼
Ļ䣬ֻʯͷǼһһԾȻֱǹ棬һһĵҲ̫ˣҪʲôô졣
Сһ㡣̽ͷѾȥʯͷ
ֻҵ˵ͷȻ˹ȥЩʬһķŵĿռʱʹ
ֵͲһգֻЩʬ֮⣬Ȼյûκζ
治ɵ֣޴ĹѲɲǸ֮
ʱʯͷѾЩʬȫ˵ϣɨһۣûʲô֣ȻԾ˳˵һʮһˡ
˵꣬ҲɵĬĬһ£ĿһʮŸˣǴ֩챻ʬɽ棬ټʦֻкʯͷȻǾĸףӦûʣʮˣȴֻʮһˣ⵽ô£
ʱǶĬȻҲ˼ͬ⣬ĿӵǱʲô˸棬ʧ˵˭
ʱǾȻһֱǹ棬ֵֻͲһʬһʬչȥ
ӣ治ɵ֣Щ˶˸ʬĿȫǣѲܹϵóĸĲ
ľļΪ棬ǵЩʬˣʧޱȣûҵ
ЩûҲʱߵڣҧ촽˵
˵Щ˶ģôϵóĸ㲮
ҡҡͷ˵Ҹ˵󲮲Ӻһ϶СӣЩ˶ûС
ҵ˵ͷȷʵͦñϵģô󲮾ûб棬뵽Щһۡ
ʮһˣȥ죬ʣµÿһ˶ɡ
ЩʬĬʱĺˮͻȻ˻춯ԶԽԽٶȻܿ졣
ʲô
Զȥ
ֻԽԽһ޴ĺɫӰǰĺˮ档
ڣǼൽźˮⶴѨ
ӰҾͲɵĵһⶫҼҺǰǸ޴Ķ˳ɾǱڻ滭ߣ
ٶȺܿ죬ֶվ֮ϣȥۿǶҪǣʯͷһȥ
ĻһҲ涼Ǹʬˣæ˽ȥЩʬһܱȥҪõöࡣ
Ҳȥ׿һܣҲܣ˭֪û¾Ͳ֪ʲôסһӾſ˵ϡ
ʱһˣһſҲ㲻ȣҵϡ
ұѹĲ³оԼƺҲѹʲôֵͲһգŵͷҪԭſһ߸ʬϣǸʬڽҵͣһ˫۾Ķҡ
ұŵſҪУҸſ죬һֻȴںһסҵ͡


66 Ѫ
Ǹ˾ſҵϣЩȻҾߴһϤҪǶˡ
ſʯͷһ˵ѾˣҲɵЩţоʯͷǼһſҵϣǵӽһҾ;ЩÿСĶ˵ɲȥ
ʯͷһ£ƺҲЩףû˵Ϲ³һβļҲˣϽǾ߸ʬ
Ҹһ洫Ǻɫߵһ޴ĺУȻ͸о͵һһ졣
Ҹо޴ĹĻζһ£ǵڵҲŻһ£авã϶߷ǣԲŻײ餡
޴ĺһײҸǰǾ߸ʬһΣ˹Ҫۼֿ죬һѰƿʬſϡ
ʱǴײһ¹餣ԭվŵļʱҲˤڵأ߲ͣײţǾ͸«һȥҸˤ߻أҲ֪Ǵײ˼£ײˣͣ
ʱڹ餵һǣѹԼһ߸ʬŲڵĴʱͻȻоԼֱЩʲô˶ڴһ
ΪʯͷһȴŵĲ⣬ֻһĴͷͷֳƬڹ餵ƿڴʱҵӡ
˵ãҲҽг¾ߣҧǰȥ˭֪ҵӸոһ;ԼһǴͷһӾͲҵϡ
ʱŻˣһ󺰣
Ȼ;ͷϴһɾ޴ҵӾͳ
Żˣ˫ڵתʲôûУǹ⻬ʯ壬ץסκζ
ۿҪ߸һ̵ʱһӰһ󺰣ޱȵҳ˹ʯͷǸһ
Ķܿ죬ҪǴߵͷʱֻ˫סڵĵǰ˹ȥһպôǴߵͷ
ֻĴ߷һĲҽУҾ͸оһɣͨһˤڵϣһ°ҸˤûۣһûüгڣͼʯͷһԾҵĸǰְұŹ˹ȥ
ܵ棬ֻڶĿŹվţľţȻʱҶû⡣
ϱǴŪճҺȳ˱ǣĵҶҪˣʯͷհҷдǴߵһУһεĽǰεҪ˲٣һѾʯͷһ̵ķˡ
һ죬ǰθӾҵײȫ˵ϣŹ餵ĻζµµͣĹš
ߵͷϰһͷϣ˻һͣײ餣ͷת򣬻ĹͷҪɢˡ
ʱĵĻ餵Ҳ֪ʲô棬ҪһԲסߵײһӶˣҪˤȥǿ϶Ҳᱻҳ࣡
֪˶ãҶԼҪˣʱһµľײͣҹǺҲˡ
ȻͣҲˣֻûûһطۣɢ˼һſҲԶĵط۵ֱߺߡ
ֻʯͷ˫վӣҲײòᡣ
ҧҧӲڵֻ˫ѾܹȥѾʷҲվֻ軹ſڵϲͣĺߺߡ
Ƕ˵Ǵһ֣˭סˡ
˰죬Ҳκζ֣һѲѾˣ
ҸҪǰߣ˭֪ʯͷȴǶҰ˰ָָ֣ȱڵķ̧ͷȥֻȱڴڲʱһֲͷͷɼζߵͷͣڶ̽̽ڸ֪ǵλá
һɵˣ˵һ첻ߣǾҪһ죬Ҫֶ֪ʮԵģһΪ˲ǱˮһڣҪһڣҲ˸ˡ
Ǽ˶һۣû⣬Һȱ̫С߸һʱỹΣա
ʱҶյȻظղűˤʵᡣ
˫ʱͷչС˵ȻҪǲߣֻǹˡ˵İһǹ
ʱǴƺЪˣַһȻһײ˹ϣ˫еǹǰһǺ˵У餲ײҲᱻȥԡ
˵˫Ծ嵽ȱڴеĲǹһ䣬ǹǴ߷һޱȵĽһѪȱڴ˫ͷǡ
ȻѪ˫ȴ˷ܣǴ󺰵Ҵ۾ˣ
˭֪ûüˣǷһҽУһ¸Ϊҵײǹµµֹ
ǼһʱˤۣĺܳѵģСүܲˣҪͣҳȥƴ
ܲˣҶ̲סˣһЩʬҲŹʱػҵĻֶֺġ
̫Ȼ˫Ϲһֻۣǲûж˺Ǵԣһ½һµײͣ
氵п࣬һǹǸ鷳ƲǸ࣬һǲͣˡ
ǳϵģһĺֻײֻ֮ͣһΪҵĺУŴˮĽЩϤһɽЩˮӵ
Ĺֹͣ˻ζʱǺߵĲҽҲԽԽ죬֣ô£ѲЩˮӶ߷˹
ʱʯͷһӦ˹ڵܵȱڴ̽ͷһ֮Щ˼Ļͷ˵Щˮӡ
ҸϽܵڣһֻɫĴߴʱͣڵϷţϹһֻֻˮӡ
ЩˮӾһֻֻһ֫ϵĽצץסɫƬķ϶ȻſƬƤҧȥͣѪҺ
ȻͣڵϹЩˮץĽĸ˦ֻ۵ҽ
߷ʯɣˮĽҲɵ棬û뵽ôЩˮȴĿǣһｵһȻ١
ʱվڹľȴǶǺһɤӣ쿴֣
תͷֻŹ餵һ棬Ķ棬ǸϽ˹ȥȻдż֣ЩȻѾڣһܹЩѪдģ󴸺ǣ


67 Ũ
⼸Ѫдɣɿڹױ֮ϣд߸ֵƺųԹ⼸ָдļΪŤȥצ֡
⼸֣ЩԼ۾ȻûмǸָһŵʦ֣֪һôһʦֵʱѾԼˡ
ʯͷһۣû˵ʲôǾȴ⼸֣˵󴸵˰Щ˶档
ԲܣҴ˵
һЩŪΪʲôôķӦʱʯͷҵļһ£عԼ̬žǸһЦԲҵʦ֡
û뵽󴸾Ȼʦ֣ҵĻ֮Ҳһ£ʱ̽ͷ̽ԵĴ˹ҵļ򣬶˵һǸˣʦԲˡ
ȻĻЩж߸дȷʵʦֵ֡
ЩֳĬȴǲηҲԸʦ־ǺЩ˵֣Ѫû͡
ЩŤѪ֣ĬĬţЩ˶ǱʦģôʦôĿʲôѵΪ˵õǿʯ˶ɱ
ʦֳȥԺʯͷΪʲôʧˣоĸôĹһʧ˵ˣҲǾĲʦȥ鵽ʲôϵǸ˭
һȫûаͷŪԴһ飬ҴҲʦֶЩ˶֣һʲôǲ֪Ķ
ЩϣʱɲͣĴǴߺˮӵĽ˫ڶսʱǶȥֻü档
ط餣ʲôûУ˵鱦˵ĲкûУǵ˰ıﶼˣʬǹôͱһǼܣҲûãҲûʲôȥ͵ôֻһͣ餱ǿյģ
˲֪ã潥ıð⶯ǴߺˮӶӦѾˣʯͷڶȥֻֻһۣʹŹ˵ˡ
ĻҶ֣˵ⶴֲ棬ôأҸϽȱڴȥһĿɿڴ
ֻȻһİЩڵصðһŨŨףһڲͣߡ
ЩѾ׶ߣ̫ŨǸʲôҲŶһᣬûκεĶҲ֪ЩˮӺܵʲôطȥ
ҵطôôѽЩŨŨԾ˵
ʱ˶ƿ˹棬ʱȫûԸЩֲĸʬһ
Ƕڹ棬ֻЩŨͣߣûж󹦷Ѿ餵ĵײò˶೤ʱжЩֵ
Щ治ɵİģɱжγû뵽Σ֪Ҹ׼ء
ںҲˣۿЩѾԽԽѾûʲôˡ
ûжȥʯͷʱ˵ȻһץסӾͻȥ
ЩɣҿʯͷǼһģȻ˵û⣬Ǿһû⡣
ҲŻȥȵУҲ֪ЩжŨǵֲָĳ̶ˣҰֿҪϲſ
ҸһأһֻĴ־ץסҵļ򣬰ǱȥûоţΪ֪ҵʯͷ
ҸԱһͷϴһֽУһصҵ˵ϣ衣
һһôͻˣϽһɤӣСʦģ
ǰһ͵һ£һŵ÷һֽУڵ
ңҶ˵
˵СʦѽҪѽ汧ԹһץҵվҸǰ
ʱ½Ķˣ̫󣬸ûа취ǰǴ㰴ԭ·˻ȥȣϾֻҪʲôΣգǸûа취мܡ
Щʯͷ˫ʵǿһʯͷǰ棬˫ѹȻǿƾʯͷı˳ȥǲġ
ųһǰߣ̫ŨȻ֣ǸԷ
ʷʯͷ棬ڵ˫žһСǰŲ
žž
ʱǵȴͻȻʲôڵϷһ
ʲôǰʷСʵ
Ǹû֪ʲôҲûܹشĬһ֮迪˵ߣߣʲôˣڸϽȥҪġ
ĻҲӿ˽ŲΪľú洫мֵĲƺʲôõҪ
ǶĬǰߣƺоһĪΣգûһ˵
ʱҸоһҵļһҺ裬תͷЩֵѹʵ£
˭֪ҵĻ֮ȴֵ˵ʲô£ûѽ
ûҼұһЩջ𣬱Թ˵
˭֪ҵĻ֮ȴǳĬһᣬúЩĶ˵ҡû򡣡
Ļϵ亹һӾҸղŸоúҵļоԲ
裬˵ûģǵʲôҵļ
ʱͻȻоԼԷ·һʲôǶҺܽվҵԣ͸ŨŨİԿǸ˵Ӱӡ
ӰӣͷһӾͷһǹ
ǻûӦͼӰӺȻһЩΧǰҾ˹
ʱѾˣɿǰץʷͺ֣һУһžų˹Ӱ˹ȥ
Ӱĺܿ죬Χɢ٣ʱҲӣֻ˴һɫľװϵļɿŤŵڶֻͬצһ˹ǹĸʬ
벻ⶫȻǹĸʬһ°Ҹŵòᣬֱֱĳ˹һŸպôϡ
ʱҾ͸оһɴڽϴ󴦴һʹһԼĽŲǲǶˡ
ʬ˹ұֱײķȻͨһˮ棬ӦǵºС


68 ˮѨ
ֱˤ˺棬ӻͦһͷ˽ȥоǺˮıæҵĻˮ
ˮ¶ͷһûü洫һȺ֮ǵ˷ģȻһ죬ӦǶЩʬ
ˮһ㶣ҪҪȥϾˮڰҪȫ٣˭֪ʱͷϺȻһһûüӦһӱһҵͨһְҸҵˮ档
ĶӦǸˣһˮ;ŵĴץҸҪͱȥŻˣͺݺݵţ߿¶ͷ
Ҹһ¶ͷԱ˴ˮһСܳˮҲжѽġ
ҸղŲ㱻һΣڿ⸱ͷɵջ֣ųķֺݺݵ¡
һˣɤӲͣĴУȻ龰֮£ҲŪòЦ
ʲôңһķһɤӡ
ҵʵЩȷĶ˵Сʦ㣿
һ˭ղŲԹ˵
跢ٺЦ˹ץסҵֱۣȻ˵СʦҪҪȥ
ʱ治ͣĴսļΪңһ뵽ЩʬĿֲӣҾͲɵĻ˸£˵ʱȫ˵
ˮ棬ŶĶʱֻϵһ˷һ˫ˣĺ󣬽Ŵһܼǹ
ͷһ𣬿Щʬ϶ѶԸ˫ǹˣҲ֪ʯͷʷôˣֻ浽ŨҸͲ֪ʲôط
˭֪ʱԼͷವһ죬ʲôҵͷٵķ˹ȥǶҵͷƤѾҵͷ
һ£žһⶫӵֻӵôٶȣ˫ŨпǹȻǵķ˹
氵һʱҲоͷӵŵû⣬де壬ŵ㣬ǣ
ҸϽһһѣԱȥΪ˲ɸӣǶԶһȽϺá
跴Ӧ֮Ͳһ߻ȥͷʱĺҿ㣬ҿЦһ£һȻһġ
ʱͻȻоԼĽŲһǱʲôץסһǶҾˮ
Żˣ뵽Щ˶ĵˮӣץҵĶ˳ɾ⡣
ۿҾҪϽˮҳԴˮϵĿյһˮң
պҾͱֻĸϽˮʱ跢һ󺰣ԲۣСʦҪס
ˮûа취شʱֻֻĵطϣ氵п࣬㿪˰ϵЩʬû뵽滹ˮӣǵ˴ùˡ
еͲûһգܿһë׵ĶץҵĽŲӣǶһ˫۾ֵͲĹâ·ĵɫâһֻŮʬĶܳˮӡ
滹ľʱҪȥȴôҲ䲻ȥʱҸоԼļһ̧ͷһֻѾ굽ˮ棬ҵļ⳶
˭֪ˮӵĳ棬Ȼȥ
һƽʱôû뵽ؼʱ̾ȻҲңǳжеľȻָָˮӡ
ҵ˵ͷֽӹľ˫ץҵǱȥȵ䣬һľˮӵԴ˹ȥ
ʱˮѾܽſҵĽţ϶ᱻһԴֻⶫԹһۣɿ˽ץҽŲӵ֡
Ѿˮþˣ÷ζҪըˣʱһõɣϽþ滮ȥԴ¶ˮ֮ڴڵĴ
ҲԱ߸ĴһۣҲ֪ˮ˶ԶѾʯͷǵİ
ƺҪһЩҾȻܹԱԴ
ǲҵ飬ĸˮٹ򰶱߻ȥ
ǻ˲ԶͻȻһˮʲôˮʱ
ҸϽŤͷȥֻˮϣʱ̽һë׵Դֻˮӣ
ⶫֻһֻҪڰҿ϶úʰˮ棬Ǹʹ򲻹ڿңһҪͷܣǵҿˮĶʱ˶סˡ
ֻˮУʱĸɫĹ⣬Ĺֻһˮӵ
ɫĹ㣬ŵͶ˺ˣԵһ˫۾˫۾޴ĺߣ
߾ȻûߣҴʱֻˮӵĺ棬ҼѵһĭʱҲߣŴָȴûзκ
ʱɫ˫͵һӿޱȵǰһ̽ͣһھͽֻ֪ˮӸȥ
߳ٶȺܿ죬Һ軹ûзӦͱԴݺݵײˣҸоԼǱײһڿնǰͷ˳ȥȻһ֪ʲôطһھ˹ȥ
֪˶ãһ۾оԼۣҲ֪ͷûжϣҵԴеκ˰ߣŵøϽڵ
ҵֵͲˤԣʱȻûˤڷֵͲĹâճǰȻһѤ˸
龰һΪԼѾˣͷһֻҵĽ»ſһˣǸſڵϣһҲ衣
һһﻹߣ֤ڻûҶӣ˹һߺ
ܷҾͷĲ٣һﻹûֻˤ˹ȥҸϽֱסİҡ
Դҡ˹һûж󹦷ͺߺ۾
ܳСʦˣٻҾҪˡһ۾ͶҴ˵
ҲԼε̫ˣЩ˼ջ֣ʹ˼һ£ЩɻĶ˵Сʦǻţ
һһţһȻ˵Ӧǻţ㿴㶼ۡ
һԹĿһۣڵʱǴĵطֻȻǸɽǴһӰǸײġ
ĿɿڴǣɽȻǾӨ͸ˮֵͲһգ⣬ͬɾ
˭֪ʱȴָɽҴĺСʦ쿴
˳ָȥֻɽɽ沢żˣЩ϶߰ʮеĲɫװ


69 ͬ
ɽǾӨ͸ˮʯֵͲԣӦ߰ǸײҿûиǸԵǴ߱ЩˮӸҧջˣרŶԸǣû˵ǡ
ʱŶָⶴ棬˳ָȥŶһ޴ˮǸˮ˹ײĵӣʱˮĹײʮˡ
ˮǳĴ࣬ףⶴĹײĴǳԾ֣ʮ˲Ȼһ㶼Եӵ
ˮײ͸ģЩ˵ĴţҺ趼ͷƤһ飬ϵ亹ȫˣΪЩȫ߰ʮеĲɫװЩǵĿӣ
Ŀһֻʮ˸ˣʯͷǼʣµȫյĴ˸ʬôЩʲôˣѲɻһ˽Ĺ
Һ׳ŵǿˮײģȥֻŵ˳ɫԵò԰һ֮Ȼһ㶼ûиܡ
һˮײĵķڴֻǷںܣȻˣҲʣˮײܹȫʬûоôܲܣ
뵽ЩţѲЩ˶˽ʬ
⡭һʮһˡʱȴĶ˵˿־塣
ҺһۣҲǲɵķǹĸʬҲʮһˮײҲʮһѲʲôϵЩ˵Ǹʲôģ
ˮײĺǹ˿ģΪʲôЩִ˻ɵȥǱʲô˸ŵ棿
Сʦ㿴ʲôʱȴͻȻָˮײĵĸӶ˵
˳ָȥֻˮײĵĹ׸֮ƺһЩƣˮ͸ģԲϸ治׷֡
Щڹ׸쵽Ȼ׸Ǻ͹ȫĸסˡ
һۿЩҾͳһЩҷǳϤһ
ҴСģʦ̹Σһ۾Ϳˮײ̵ľһ
ʱĵ֣طôʱ˲ܻửʱ͵һѲʦֻģ
꿼ֻʦһ˻ᷨôпģĵʲôˣʦΪʲôһ
ͷˮʱȴͻȻһңұһûһеĵƿ
˭֪ǵû߿һһѾץסҵ֣Ķң˵СʦЩйŹ֡
һɫףץҵֶ΢΢Ĳ˵ЩӣҲɵĽĵӲСڽų϶Ƿʲô
ʲô⣿Ҳŵ
Щ˾Ǵײĸʬڶˡ
Ҳзǹʬ嶼ʮһߣ;ЩͷôҲ벻ЩʬЩʬ
ڹײʱиʬҸǰҵʱûСĴָָҲûСſǻָ˹ײһˡ
ָһˣǸ˴ʱڹײ棬ȥȻֵСĴָָҲϵϿڴа̺ۣȻЩʱˣСʱϵҲ˵
Щѵһĭʵ㿴𣿡
͵ص˵ͷ˵ҿǸʬ˵һ㲻ûָͷ
ʱҲëˣ˵ֻһָͷһһûôţôɵ飬˵ֶһģһָͷ
ʱеŤͷֿһˮײˣֻһĶɫ԰ףȻһҵȴ޾Ŀ־塣
һ裬˵ߡ
̫죬ҶҶ룬ĸʬôЩͬһˣһô壬һĺëֱ
ҺŶȥ˭֪ոոߵڵλãһë׵ԴͻȻ̽˳¶һŹӡ
Һڱ˸˵ӣڿͻȻðԴŵôһһ
Ҷ˶񣬲ŷǾȻһֻˮӣԴҲɵĴŭȻˮӳҲֲģǲˮôǸղ⻹һҲɵĴŭľȥ׼ʰһ
ȥˮӾȻûܣֱң촽ѿЦһȻ󷢳ܽһ
ұⶫŵһ㶣㲻ҪʱǶڱϺȻðԴһȻкͬ飡
һڶðͷˮӣֻһ治ɵİп࣬˵½ûˮһֻҺҲ׶Ը
Ұľ裬ڱóɽ־׼ЩһӲƴ
ղЩˮӺ߶սƱŪ٣ֻʣôֻҪٶϼֻҺɾͲˡ
ЩˮһҲǣһֻֻĶڶ˽Ǳƽ
ҺʶһЩˮӰΧҧҧ˵ģƴˣ
˵һΣվܵǸˣһҪƴʱһҲẬҵĻ䣬һ󺰣ܳѵģ˵ͻľǰһֻˮӿ˹ȥ
ЩˮӰΧסû뵽ǼһͻȻֻֻˮӵӸոüȻͱһԴϣҵ֨ҽС
ʱʣµֻˮ̲סˣ۽ž˹
̧Ű˹һֻˮ߷ɣȻ˦ۣɽ־һ¾ҵһֻˮӵԴϣֱӸɵ˵ϡ
ʱľֱУϴĶЩˮӵĹЩˮƤľȻǸĲͣĲҽУǸ˲ǡ
ʱˣľЩˮӺѿɽ־̫̣ѾЩˮӸץѪӡ
һĭȥУʱ䳤Һľ˾鷳ˡ
ʱһֻˮӳ˹һûжӭǰһ֣һץסⶫĲӣצֱץһѪۣİŵ£ĲסȻһ˫ɽ־ˮӵԴȥ
ֻһ죬ˮӵԴеɽ־ֱӸҵһˣ׺Խǡ
Ҷĵ£ĨһڵվԴ洫һ֪Ǳˮ˹ˡ
һûļܣ跢һ󺰣ȥģ
ȻͿһ˹ǸѾ˵ͷˮֱӱһɨڵһȥ
һûü洫һ
һ£Ȼ治ɵİп࣬϶Ǳ߳ȥˮӰˮײĸˣ


70 
Һ趼һ£֪϶ˮײıˣһ뵽Щʬ壬Ҿ;ЩԾ
Һһۣ˸еĿ־壬ǣЩˮھȻҲûмǷֵİ
ҸҪعͷǹײôˣʱҵͻȻһҵĽ
ŵһĺëЩΧΧˮӺһȫŶȥգۼͲӰ
̧ͷһֻۣĶҵ׵һֽͷϵ亹ֱʡ
ҸϽͷȥֻǿھ޴ˮײĴʱȻѾˣˮҲ֪ʲôطƿˮԭˮȻֻҵһطײȫˡ
ֻЩʬ棬һʬ˫ȴǸ߸ߵľץֻˮӣ
˫ֲҰޱȣץסֻˮӣƾӶ֫ץһʬֱֻ۾һ㣬ƾˮӼץôץȴƤץơ
кȻޱȣ˵Щʬ嵽ô£ǵӸͲʬ䣬Ϊʲôᶯأ
Һ軹ûзӦʱ򣬾һͬţһĳƺǾʬϴ˹
ţһҵ඼Ҫˡ
ʱǿ˫߸߾ŵͻȻһеֻˮӲ͵һ죬ſڷһҵĽȻһˮӵӾȻһӱ˫ָƬ
ˮӵ໹ѪһײģʱǾʬ͵ԭŵ۾˿˫۾ɺɫڵһ˫۾Ķǣ
ҺѾױŻˣҿײʬƺĶһӻعڵһѻɵŵ裬һܣ
һɤӰһûعͳ˹ȥһ߳ڣǰ治ԶºӣղŶҲ֪ԼʲôģһɵˣҲ򣬲֪ôʯͷǻϡ
ʱǵѾһĽŲŵû⣬ָָߣ˵ߣ
ʵҲŪ򣬲֪Ҫٲܣˡ
ҺȾǰ񱼣ͲһͷȥҲ֪˶ԶҲŻͷһۣûʲô׷һ
ʱָǰ澪ϲĶ˵Сʦ㿴ʱǸղĵط
ǰһȻǰһںںյĴײģǿڷʮһ߸ʬľ޴餡
ָֺ£˵ʯͷӦþ⸽ĵǣǹײĸʬ֪ôܳˣʯͷûΣա
㿴ǡһۼ⣬ʱָǰҺ
˳ָȥֻǰĵһԴһ˵ԴֻԴƤѾɿݣЩײĸʬġ
һֻۣطԵһսǲ֫ϱۣһɿݵͷⶼЩʬġ
Щʬ˸Ū飬𾪣϶ǷһսҲ֪ʯͷǵôˡ
˭֪ʱǰȴͻȻ˻ʲôڵзһ
ҸϽǰȥֻǰ治Զֻë׵Ķֻˮӣ
ʱֻˮƺڵʲôˮȥѾҪ˺ӱߡ
ҶһֻˮϵĲǱĶȻһˣ
ҿϴ·ȴһֻֻˮӾͳ˹ȥ
£ֻűֻˮӳסȻ·ҿǷǳϤʯͷǸһ
ֻˮӰʯͷˮϣﻹ̵סǰͳ˹ȥʱҲ˾ʯͷһֽг˹
ɽ־嵽һֻˮӸǰԴȥˮӱҸһһһӾԶ
ʱҲ嵽˸ǰֻֻˮӣͲǵĶ֣һһҵĶˣ໽еڣľֻˮӶϵˮȥ
Ұʯͷֻɫ԰ף۾ıţһϽ쵽ı棬΢΢̽һ£ŵòһȻû˺
ŻˣΪһѾˣһѹ;۾ᣬһϣ쵽ֱ۵
һҵоһϲԭʯͷȻû˺ȴ΢û
ʱѾֻˮӸˮܵҵĸǰʯͷʵôˣ
ȥˣҪ취ѹ
ӣһʯͷ壬ȻЩţ˵Ҫ˹
Ļһ£ȻϵĶ˵
Щ˵µʯͷһۣȻһڵŶӾһȥһһ˵ϣСʦҶۣȷһ¡
һıӰڵץһʯӾͶ˹ȥԴϣ۵ӴӴֱл
ҲһͷһϵʯͷڻǾҪһͷͶ죬һ˽ȥ
ҴڣʱǼһ˻ҺʯͷˣϴŹЦݡ
ҿһļЦǲǳȥҪɱڣȻһʯͷͣ洵ȥ
˭֪һξȻûдЩ֣һſ۾ͿʱʯͷҲһ˫۾ֱֱҡ
һ͵ؾ̧ͷֻʯͷǼһɴ۾ңϵŹ֡
һˣˣֿһŹֵңҲЩΣ˵ѽҸղڰ˹
ʯͷû˵ڵֱֱҵ˵ͷһʱһȴһŤͷһڿˮ
ұһĲ㱳ȥҪ䣬ȴ֪Ҫ˵ʲôԱߵѾҪЦ
վһƨɾͺݺݵһţߵֱУȻʯͷҲݺݵһŨ̵
ʯͷû˵ĬڵվһźȥȻڵϼһĺڵ
ʱһѾˡ
ô£أʯͷʵ
ǼһԴƺһ£Ȼ˵ʱˣҰЩˣȻ۵ʲô֪ˡĻɢһصĸʬЩĵʯͷһۣһһ˶ԸôʬҲ֪ûˡ
ܳѽЩ׷ˣ˭֪ʱ󣬷һУһͷһֻЩˮʬһ


71 ʯͷ뿪
ĽһͷһȻЩѾ˹ǵٶȲ죬һĽŲͷĹĵһҿ־֡
ҵͷҪܣ˭֪ʯͷǼһվԭȴһҲֱĿЩ߹ʬ塣
͵һѣûʱҲˣ󺰵ѽ
˭֪ʯͷڵɫ԰ףЩˣ촽΢΢ĶȻ˵Ҽǣ
Ļһ£氵뵽Щ˹ȻǵĿӣʯͷȻʧˣǿЩ˻ǻоϤ
ҿıʮֵʹ࣬ɵЩۣǰļοЩ˾ǵĿӣҲ֪Ϊʲôǻ壬ûǸϽܣܲͷ
ʯͷЩһۣȻҵ˵ͷһ񱼣ЩʬȻ£ٶȲ죬һʱҲ׷ǡ
º˲֪жԶʯͷȴͻȻͣ˽ŲҲϽֵͣʵôˣ
ֻʯͷĶǰ棬˵ǰж
Һ趼һЩˣҪǰʲôǿɾͲˣվߣЩĵʵʲô
ʯͷҡҡͷһ˫ӽĶǰı飬ҺҲŵĹǺûжãҲǰ洫һҵ˵ĽŲ
ЩԽԽâǵǰ
ǼâҲɵһΪֵͲĹ˾һûбֵͲӦɡ
ʱҲǣȻһɳƵɤǺ
ʷģͷһϲϽӦǣû°ɣ
ҵǼҲһܵǸǰҷһֻʷ·ȫƶԵúǱ˫˶٣ȻղЩʬ˲ٵĿͷ
ǾǷ˫ıϣͷʹţһҲ
Щֵʷ˫ʵôˣ
ȥˣûʲô󰭡˫Ķ˵ҿɫ΢ףǺˮҲǳ˲ٵĿͷ
ǻʲôʷʵ
λСүЩ⣬ҺԽԽò壬ԾͻˣҪ˴һʷ˵ȻߵʯͷǰЩеʵû£
ʯͷҡҡͷû˵ʷ˫ȻǺúӣΣͷûиǻعͷʯͷ
ЩˣʷЩȷŵǡ
Ҹ뿪˵˶ŤͷһȻЩʬ׷
ʷ˫ҲЩʱʷŴͣЩǸʬô
Ҳϸ˵ˣһ֣˵˵øϽߣҪЩ׷鷳ˣ
ҵĻʷҲٶʣǵͷܣºһ·ǰطһĶѨֱֱǰҲ֪ͨʲôطҲûбĳڣֻһֱǰߡ
һ·Ҳ֪˶ԶͷЩʬѾͲӰҲ֪ǻڲڼǡ
ʱҶˣںӱϢ˫Ѿڵϣ˿죬ˮڣֻǾ۾
ǿûʲô⣬ɵһʱʷյǸǰֵʵЩô£ôˡ
Ҷ˵˾˵꣬˶Ĭɫ΢ףȻôһʱĶˡ
ʷһĭɳɤ˵ôܣһô壿
Ļû˻شΪ˭Ҳ˵⵽ôһ£Ĺ浽˹죬ǲ֪Լʲô
Ϣһᣬط飬Щ׷Ѿȷ餲֮ô϶ǲڱĵطֻ˳ŵºӼǰ
˳źˮߣһûжԶǰȴǻعǴ󺰵군ˣǰ浽ͷˣ
ǰһһֻǰѾ˾ͷֻй⻬ʯڣѾû˵·
һһﶼɵˣ֪ôҧҧ˵ģȥЩƴˣ
˭֪ʱſ˫ϵľȴͻȻ˵ͨºӡ
Ļһﶼһ㶣ǵºȥֻ±֮һĶڣˮұ֮´Ĳ֪ʲôط
һǺĵºˮЩԥ˵ѵҪȥ
Щò⣬ʯͷһֻۣǺˮ˰̧ͷЩɬĶ˵ͨҼǵʱûˮ
ʯͷǵ꿼һԱڼȻ˵طͨô϶ˣҶһΣ꼾ˮ󣬹ƾŰⶴڸûġ
һ£ʱûбǾºӣΪ˲ˮɢ˫׼һӣǸ԰ϣȻʯͷ˵źˮȥ
ˮһȥʹ˸£Ȼεм䣬ǸĶڻȥҺôһﶼӾҪиѼӿɾ鷳ˡ
ˮϿźƽİȴǺ棬Ǹյм͸о洫һɴǰƮȥ
ⰵӿǸͿƲסȫǺĶ档
һǶڣͿκζұˮĲͣĳȥָҲ֪˶ٿˮ뺰˫ƴһȴʹϾҲ֪˶ãҾʧȥ֪
ʱ򣬵һۿľʷֻҵҡ
һӾڵͻȻоԼĶ͵Ҳ֪ں˶ˮһ۵
̧ͷһ£ֻǵºӵԱߣطҲһĶѨģӦǸղŵһûʲôһġ
ҴһֻۣԱ衢˫ǻʪܵģɫף촽ϣҲǳ˲ٵĿͷ
ûмʯͷǼһҾЩ֣վһûзҸϽʵʯͷأ
軹ûüش˫ȴǵͳɤӶ˵ӦñǶѹԼˡ
Ļ֣ʯͷȻϲ˵ȴܺԲᶪԼģ⵽ô£
Լߵġ˫˵⻰һӶҡ
ְӽסֻӾǰϵӣͷܹ⻬ǱϵģϿҾͲɵʯͷеĺڵ
ӣĶѨʯͷʲô飬Ƕ£һ뿪
ǶʯͷЩı飬ҺȻһѲʲôˣ


72 ʯ
ҴǰĿռ䣬ЩģҲ֪ʯͷһΪʲôкһˣʲô飬᲻Σգ
ӢۣȥˣҶǰһɤӣڿտĶѨ治ͣĻص
һҪ˭֪Ǽһȴ͵ڵվһסҵ죬ŵ˵ҵѽʲôطʲôٸˡ
ĻҲžԼղЩ³çˣɽ浽ΣգһɤҪʲôǿɾ鷳ˡ
ұ˵ϣЩ˼Աߵˣ־ĹŹ֣ҿĳһһ
֪϶еˣЩεЦЦ˵ᣬҸǺѣţܺõѡ
Ȼҽˣǿıû˵Ļ׼ٽ䣬˭֪Ұ˰˵㲻˵ˣʵҲֵġ
ұŮ˸ҭЩѻҲýˣͷŤȥ
ڵϢƬ̣ɽֻһ·ֻǰߣʯͷҲȥ˱ĵطҲһ϶Ƿʲô׷ȥ
ǰߣûжԶֻǰİ߾Ȼһʯףֵͣ½Ųʯ׵ľͷȥֻӱߵ±֮ϾȻһȾ޴ʯţ
ʯţ˶һΪʯʵ̫޴׸ߣÿһʯŵĿңͬ޴ʯһ
ǶǰȾ޴ʯŸô޴ʯţĹ˵ôŪȥģطӦǸɽô˷ôŪһȾ޴ʯŵҪסʲôʲôܣ
쿴ˣʱ跢һָǰ棬ľš
˳ָȥֻʯ֮ǰʯ֮ϹȻɢŲ˵ʬǡ
ЩʬǵĵһʱҾɵˣΪ״ˣΪЩ˵·Ǵŵǲɫľװײĸʬˮײʬ崩һģһ
ҾûЩʱָָ̧Щɢҵʬһһһʮʮһ
ڲͣĲڵҲʼһˣֻǵɫѿЩɢҵʬǣǼ˹һ㡣
⻹Щ֮ѵһĭʵʱ˵ڷҪſˡ
Ĺ֪˶ֻ꣬һ֧ӽЩӶˣһֵӵ壬һжǾ÷·һǰЩʬǻЩˣҸоԼҪˡ
Щ˵ʬڵĺңҶѾ˸ʬǴ˺þòǻعǾתͷ˵Щˣǵ˭
Ȼ£ǴҲʣЩ˵˭Щӣֻ˭
СĵǰȥȴЩʬ沿鼫Ϊ϶в̶ͬȵ𣬺ڷ
Ҷӣϸļһʬ壬ֻͷϸ߸ߵţŵĴģ¶ڵİƺ˻𣬶ؿڵ·ȴһ󶴣¶ţҲһڣǶͬȭͷһСտҲȻˣ
ұĲθһؿڵĴԱߵļŤ¶һѵ߹ǣǱʲôӲİ˳ȥ
ұⷢһЩ˵ôģ
ߵԱߣ鿴һ±ʬ壬Ƕһģؿڶͳһ󶴡
ʱ˵ɫÿЩʬĬ
ڴҲ²Щ˵ǱʲôʱһԵȴǷһ󺰣ɿܵǸǰ
ұһѵ䣬̧ͷһֻһ׵ĸֽһͷϵ亹ֱʣ·˹һָһʬ壬нͰ͵˵
֪ԾϽ˵żôˣ
һĭ˵ǸҲûָͷ
Ļ䣬Ҿ͸оǱ˵ͷһͰˮһȻ˵ò̫֪˵ʲô˼ָͷֵָͷǸһȱָͷ
ЩˡЩ͵˵
˵ı鶼ͬ˹һ⾿ô£һôܻ壬⵽ǲΣ
ҵŵĶҪˣȫ֪ЩʲôϵЩʬ壬ҸоǱȹҪ¡
һﶼҼЩʬԱߣϽ߻غӱߡ
ôһǰ˵нʬģǵһʷڱĺ̸ˣЩַŽҶڵڵڣ̴ֽסģûнˮ
ܲˣҪ裬Ҫȥ豧Դ˵ϣ飬ҲԼҪˣôܻһģһĿӣ⵽ʲôط⣡
ɫҲѿվһԣµռҲûм
ʱ˫ȴǽʯţȻ˵ʯű˴ˡ
Ļһﶼһ㶣ʯȥղ˵עЩʬûϸĿʯţڲŷ֣ʯмһ϶ǵ϶պһ˲˴ʯţȥ֮˹һ
򿪵ʯţһ뵽˲˵ʯͷǽҪȥ
û˵һʯţȥҵ˵ͷ
Сʯȥ·Щʬʱ򣬴ŵҴЩʬǵĸоֲġ
ʱǰ˫ȴǶӣʯ϶˵
ʯײ֪û߹ˣ沼˻ҳʱЩĻҳȴֻؽӡ
ֻӡʣһǸո²ãҽӡʪ˫ӡ˵Ьʪġ
˫ӡһ϶ʯͷǸһģոںϻʪġ
˳ʯȥֻ˫ӡһֱ죬Ȼʯ֮ʧʯͷȥ棡
ǸϽߵʯ֮ǰֻʯһӡӡϵָȳ˵Ҫ࣬ʯͷɡ
̧ͷȺصʯţֻ沼Ļҳһֲɣصζ͸¶ŨŨϢ
վǰֵͲһ£ǲ͸һͿκζ
ʯűѾܾˡ˫ֵͲʯŵ˵
ֻʯŵĿڴҲ˻ҳ˲֪жˣ϶ʯͷɵģҾҲһ˾ʹôصʯţ׽ȥʲôˣ
ǽȥҶ˵һȻʯ漷ȥ


73 һʯͷ
ʯų˹ζſڻЩ˿־ʬ壬ҲµҪһ뵽ʯͷ棬Ҳ˲ôˡ
ʯŵѷеխҪӲܽȥڹ¡˵ģֵͲղʲô·޾ĺڰɵһ㡣
ʯＷ˭֪ʱҺȻоԼȥİϱһֻƸˡ
һ°ŵһ飬˵浽ʲôǻûӦֻȴǴһɾ޴ҵӣӲǽ˳ȥ
˿ɫս׼ŵøϽſڣʱֻһֻ˳һץסʯš
ֻ֣ҽ񾭷Ϊֻϵָܳȳ˵ĶҪֻҷǳϤʯͷġ
ҸϽΧ˰˰֣һʯ漷˳һ£ʯͷǸһ
ҸϽߵǰʵôһԵľأʲô
ʯͷһۣȻ󿪿˵ΣգǱȥ
̧ͷɫ΢΢ЩףǰһֱŵĺڵʱҲУЩ֣ղ˵ĻѲʲôǰѺڵˡ
ҿϲûˣ̬ƽӣЩ֮⣬һʯͷЩͷﲻͷһʱҲ˵
һҪŪĹܣʱʯͷˣЩڴʵ浽ʲôûмǿʯ
ʯͷ̧ͷһۣȴû˵ŪþЩΣҸϽȥԲָʯϵʮʬʯͷ˵滹һӵˣЩͬһˡ
ʯͷתͷһʯϣЩŹ֣Ȼҵ˵ͷ˵֪
ǿߣ뿪ΣաʯͷһʯţϾȻ¶ҴûмĿ־顣
飬濩һӣ浽ʲôȻܹʯͷô¡
ȻЩ棬طʯͷ£ҵȻҽȥ˵ҪߣϽ
Ҫߣɫˣǰһסʯͷ˵浽ЩʲôڲߣһһȥŪ
ĹΪҵĹǿ鴫˵еʯѾʯ֮ǰпܾ֮ôܹԷ
ʯͷƺЩͷüͷԾ˵ΣգȥҲǸϽȥɡ
ʯͷĻ䣬ûü˵ʲôȴǳŹѼɤ˵˵СѽȻһﶼ֪ǱҪѽһﶼ˵ΣգҲȥõġ
ҿӻҪ֣ǰԲ˵ԸȥվߣԸȥվұߣӶ
ͿˣǸСƢûõģҪôվû취
ǾԸʯͷվһģǼһ϶Ҳһ飬ʷ·ˣ϶ٸž˫ҹվǱߣϾ˼ҵıڡ
ѾĸˣռԵơ
ȻҵĻһ䣬վҵıʷϾ˼ҵǮž˹˵ǸҲվߣǱ߾ֻʣ˫ˡ
ɫѿĶ˵˰ɴС㣬⣬Ͻ߰ɡ
ȻЩʣҲҺ˫ðȻȥֻо죬˵
ʯͷһۣôȥѲٰԭ·ȥ
˭֪ʯͷȴǰһָ˵ǰ߾ܳȥ
Ļһ£ۣһѲʲôˡ
˵˳ʯߣǸϽϣǾûа취ֻøǺ档
ʯͷǰ·Ҹ󣬸浽ʲô۾·ϣҾ;е㲻Ծ
ͬʱµĺӣһ·ʪ͸ˣҵ·ϣܵĺܣǰʯͷ·ȴǸɵģûа㱻ˮݹĺۼ
֣һﵽôã·Ȼô͸ˣôġ
Щ벻ͨʱʯͷȴǱ߲߱ͣĻͷɫһֱ΢΢ףüͷţԵʮֵĽǣƺܵʲôں׷
һᣬʯͷƺٻͷղſţûڿȶҪڶ澿ʲô˭֪ȴǱһ¡
ЩֵתͷȴǸһһղһֱں棬Ҳ֪ôܵǰˡ
ЩֵҪô£˭֪ȴһסҵ죬ɫҰ׶Ǿš
סҵ죬Ҿˣʱŷ֣˲ûиվں棬˼ıǰʯͷ
һץ͵֣Ҫ˭֪һͬ˹һָָ档
˳ָȥĶȴŵҲֻԶվһӰǸҷǳϤʯͷ
һ¿ˮŵֱҪҵɤˣתͷǰ濴һֻۣһʯͷǰţûзǵӡ
ҸоԼҪιȥˣôʯͷ
ҲǼ˹һһǰ棬һ棬ȫɵˡ
ʱǰʯͷѾûиͣ½Ųͷ˹һԼʱԭ΢΢׵øӰ˼֡
ʱʯͷѾǰ˹Ū˾һʯͷŵöԱ߶㿪
ҵ⵽ôѽʯͷôܱһһ˵һڱŵѾҪ޳ˡ
ûܹش⣬ϸĿһۺʯͷȻһǰʯͷһģһ޷ֱ档
ʱǸʯͷѾԽԽǰʯͷҲӭȥȻķһ󺰣Ǽ˲ĳһݺݵײһ
ǲⳤһģһҲ࣬ȭľսһ𣬴ѽѷ֡
ҿǴȭȭ⣬һ죬ɵЩᣬµȫ֣ȫҪʽͬĬֻһͣ˺ҧԼĶ֡
ǰһüͷ˵
мֻҸʯͷϤԾҡ
ʱҲǰп࣬˳̫ˣһģ̳ģ˵ˣƾʯͷĸĸҲֲ塣
ŤһʯͷͻȻһʬĿӣһѲʲôϵ
϶һʯͷһʲôôʯͷһģһôģ
ˣǻڴһͷɵĴ󼱣Ǻǵ˭Ӣۣ


74 һ
ʱҲʵûа취ˣֻܿˣʯͷƾУǰĸĸܻʤһ³֪
һɤӸպȥһʯͷͬʱӦһģǵһûʲô
һֵɵˣĸô죬ĶһҪôֿܷ
Сʦ㿴ʯͷ·ʪģʱ۾һָһʯͷ˵
ָǺǸʯͷ˳ָȥϸĹ۲һ£ȻǸʯͷϵ·ʪġ
ʱһۿʯͷʯʱôоԾΪǸ˵·Ǹɵġ
ʯͷһµĺӣ·Ǹɵģ·ɵʯͷҲǵʯͷ϶Ǽٵġ
ǸʯͷͷƤЩ飬ʯͷôʯͷһģһҾϵ·Ҳһ
ȻѾȷ·ɵǸǼʯͷһЩģʵ̫ˣһŪˣʱһǺ˵Լģôʲô֤
ҵĻʯͷӲһȭ˿һȫĬ
ǵӣЩƣԼղʵѲʲô
ֻ˳ĬƬ̺Ǹ·ʪŵʯͷ̧ͷЩŹֵĿңȻ˵㱧˯׹ҡ
Ļһڣ˶Ŀתң˹죬񿴵һС
ĻҲһ㶣һ̣˵һ˵̫ˣᣬȻǶƨɶЩһָ˵ʯͷ󺰵ģ
ʯͷ˵ұ˯ǵһμʱһŴ˯Ҳ֪ôܵͷȥǼ飬׹Ҹ˹
ҵĻո£ֻ쵽ʯͷͻȻһֽУһŤͷȾܣ
ֻӸոһʯͷҲԾʱҵҲһֻ˫߸ߵԽһӾͽסܵʯͷ·
һһͿٵŤǸʯͷղŸʯͷһսƺĲ٣ڼ˫ļ룬ûмغϾ͸ŵ˵ϣ˫Ľʵʵ
ߵǰ棬һôҲ벻ͨһôʯͷһģһҾϵƶһ
ҺȻͷһʦ˵ĴһЩ񹤵ݸ֣ЩܰԼݳɸһģһҲֲ塣
뵽ҾЩջ𣬿˿϶ݹʯͷһĭ˾˹ȥϾ˵Сү㵽Ǻηʥ
ҵϣһûһ¶ȣǸˣҸоЩŤ
һǸûκη֣ϵƤûа쳣ȫһƤ
ҳһѲһĺʯͷһģһôܣ˫̥ҲвһĵطͷˮʱǸȴһֱңͣЦЦһЩë
뵽ʦ˵ݸƤ߸Ͳûôױ˷֣ʱˮϴһ¾С
ˮ뵽Ҷ躰һɤӣһﲻ֪ҪˮʲôǸϽˮݸҡ
šˮǾҪһϴ˭֪ʯͷȴһסңǸˣ˵ϴңҾ
Ļͷˮһ󷢺ʯͷ˵⻰ƺܺ⣬ϸϸһȴ̲סëȻ
Щŵ˼ڿˮ˿ʯͷֿ˿Ǹһģһˣʵﵽôһ£
ʯͷûлشҵ⣬˵ѽҡ
ұһΪҿʱʯͷ˫ѾɱŵʵҪʲô
Դʯͷ侲Ļش
ʱ򲻹ҳԾ˶̲סһѺǸ˷һˣʯͷȴ˵ҪԴһʱԽܡ
ûаѽʯͷһʯͷҵı飬û˵̾Ϣһ˵ңңһб仯һǾ֪ˡ
ʯͷ˵תߵһԣ˵ϣĶһһǲͣķٺٵЦ
ǱʯͷĻͷˮ֪˵ʲô˼˵ǵȵȣ˵ԴһһڵϢ
̫ʯͷڶǺ
ĻǸʯͷԶһ㣬ĶҪʯͷ˵ı仯ʲô
˭֪һ¾͵˰СʱǸʯͷĽʵʵķŵڵϣɲͣǷٺٵЦûһı仯
ڴҶʼе㻳ɵʱһֱڵϵʯͷȴͻȻվһһʹܵҵߣһûüӦ;һգľѾֱ˹ȥ
һӾվֻʱʯͷľĶŵϵˣƫͷȥֻѾֹͣЦʱĺ治ͣķһٵĺ
ĺܴ󣬾Ұ޵ĵͳУԽԽٵĺ˵忪ʼͣķԵüΪʹࡣ
ֻԽԽҲԽԽ٣ԵüΪʹ࣬˶һֻϺһϥǹڵϣͷŵأвķǺǵĽȻſڣ۵һ³һڵѪˮȻ󻺻̧ͷ
ǶһֻһȫģŤĿ£֮жںڵѪҺһ˫۾Ѿɺɫ˫۾ҿŷǳϤΪЩײܳ۾Ҳɫ
赽ô£豻ŵһϸߣ㿪
˶仯ŵɫ԰ף׸ղŻúõһôͱ˿־ģ
ʱǸ˺µʯͷŲӶǾʹһѿ¶һɭɭİȻ͵ڵһȻվȻһʯͷ˹ſĲϾҧ˹ȥ
ʱʯͷ׼ǶһҸ˹ȥȻһ죬һѰסǶԴֵľĲӾͿȥ
ľһȥûаǶԴֻһ룬ǶϿĲӴѪȪʯͷͷǣǶҲһĲҽУһŤƺҪѡ
ֻʯͷڱĻѪıûб仯ǳ侲ľǶĲֺݺݵĿһ¡
һȥֱӾͰǶԴĿͨڵϣŤҲû˶ʱʯͷǿͷǿͷϾȻڲͣŴ췢ĺС
ʯͷɿֵľҧԼʳָѪεǶĶͷϣǰı۾
ʱʯͷǸо˵ıŤΪһˣһһģһͷ­Σ˵Ĺ졣


75 ˫ͭ
˺ô󹦷ŻعʯͷЩ˼ʵ⾿ôһ£
˶ͷˮŽźͲ˼ıʯͷ
ʯͷְǿŸһģһԴϣǳ˵ʯźж
Ͷʯź浽ʲô֣ʱʯͷ˵ľ
ԭʯͷڵºûεһֱѵģǸϵ˰ߣҲΪʲôû˳ºƮԶԭ
˰ǻԲѣʯͷ´£뿴ûΣգʯµʬ壬ʯţ
ʯͷЩҲܳԾȻ߽ʯţʯͷ˵ʯԶľ޴ͭ
ͭͨԣһʼʯͷûô࣬˳ͨ˽ȥǵߵȾӸǰʱͻȻ֣ȾеԼȻûжǾĿԼ
ҾЩëȻ˵ɫҲѿ˭ԼӰӾȻԼĶһִ̼ˡ
Ȼʯͷ˵ЩʱƽҲûκα仯Ƕúëֱʱʯͷ϶ҲǼΪ𺳡
ȻҾͣ˽Ų˾ھ˳ʯͷ˵
˶һĭŵʵء
ھʯͷʯͷһʼȫ֪ô죬˶һЦŤͷȥ
ǿʼܣʯͷǷӦȾں׷ٶȶܿ죬ʯͷֻסһһˡ
ʯͷ֪Щʲôֻץסһ˭֪һ֣ʯͷȴǰԾΪ˲ⳤøһģһҲ࣬кü˶óһʽ
ҺõǣʯͷǰѺڵھûУֹ˼УʯͷõõԴŵˡ
ҶЩʯͷۣھܳԼƽ˿͸ˣһȻ׷ȥ񾭹Ȼһǿ
ʯͷ˷ŵȻӰסʼ׷Ǹʲô˭ֻ֪ǲͣЦʯͷ˵Ҿ㣬Ҳҡ
ʯͷôʣ˶ǲٶ˵һ䣬ʯͷֶΣûʳκζ
ʱʯͷҲһΪݵģϸļһ˵һⶼûУʱʯͷţǰ˾ԼͭܳԼ
ƶʯͷţǵϵһԼһ仰Ҳ˵ʯͷҲϲ˵û˰취ֻڵϸһԼš
뵽ʯͷڵϣһԼҾͲɵͷЩƻ
ʯͷĺһԼ֪˶ã˵ıͻȻüΪʹ࣬зҰһĺǺ
ʯͷվӣֻſ³һںɫѪҺֻ۾ɺһƬԭסӾȻһӳϣצľʯͷ˹
ʯͷ֪Ͻ˭֪ڱøҰ޲࣬׷ܣʯͷֻл֣˲֪Ϊʲôԭĳ棬ûжʯͷ;Щסˡ
ʯͷеһԼһģһˣ˭Ҳ²ȥ֣ʯͷҲ⣬˲ôãһֱûõ֡
ڵͬˣڱԽԽʯͷ֪ٲԼܾҪˡ
ʱʯͷҲں˵Լкڵһᣬһ¾˵ֱϻĵڡ
⵶ڸ˵·ֱϵƤⶼŪ÷ѪֱʣҪǰôһ۵شˡ
üͷûһ£ʯͷ
ʱʯͷѾĲµֻԵĶѾˣҲ飬һĿ˵ϣϿ˿ڣеĵط¶ͷˣ˾֪޾һצʯͷ
ʯͷѾû˰취ҧҧӸ߸ߵԾ˵ͷϣɫĳľ˵Ĳӿȥ
ֻ۵һ˵ͷ­ͱĸϿĲһѪˮ
ʯͷµأûվȽŸֻǵԴ̧ͳ˹
ڵؿڣסһֱֻۣʯͷû뵽֮ǰķĳ棬ֱ۳鵽ڵ;ûһʹҲòסɿڵǱȥ䵽֮ͭС
ֱʱǸûͷӲŵ˵ϡ
˭֪ʯͷûüɿǴһ죬ֻǸһԴ͵ڵһĽŲӾҧȥ
ֻʣһԴܶʯͷҧס̧žͰԴסȻҧָѪεüͷϣԴǰ
ʰ棬ʯͷ뵽˳ȥһԼΣաԸϽˣֻĺڵǶ֮ͭ䣬ȥ棬Բſֳġ
Ҷ𾪵޷˵澵ӵǸʲôôһյͻһԼ
һʯͷеǿͷͻȻһ˵ЩģȾӲܱ˵壬ܱ˵꣡
Щû꣬ôԴͲᶯ뵽ˮײ̵ԵǸҲ֪һ㣬ǹײķΪѹסʬģȻġ
뵽⣬ҵͻȻһǿĿӣǺпܾ˽ʯͷű
Щ޴ĸʬǱΪĹصģ汻Ѫдʦֵ֣ȻҲԼʦܸɳ飬ЩѪһֱЩŤڿЩ˺пܾʦֹģΪЩͲˡ
ˮײķҲʦֿµģǺʯ׺ˮġĿӦǱͭƳģʯ֮ǰЩ˲Ŀӡ
뵽滹иСʣʦֺʯͷ϶ǸſһжģΪʲô˱ˣȴûС
ǸĲǸ˾Ǹûгֹһ˵ƬĹȻҲİۼ
Ҫȥͭ϶гѰʱľļž⣬ԵüΪ˷ܡ
ʯͷһֻۣ˵ͷ˵滹кӦЩ
ĻǲģǴһʶһͭͭ˵ˣֻҪȥû£Դһﶼرĵġ
ߵſڣһ۵ɢҵʬǣ뵱ӵǱʲôȥ࣬ʦȥʯͷһôһʧˣ
ļʯţֻһںͨʯͷȴǰȥûжԶͼһʬ壬ǸʬͷӦþھһʯͷ
ʱʯͷȴͣ˽Ųָǰ˵Ǿͭ


76 
˳ʯͷָǰȥֻͨߣʯ֮ϹȻ޴ͭ
ͭԶǶʯ֮ϣҵĿȣ߲ң⾵Ҳ֪ˣһͭҲûС
⾵ͭģ漫ΪĹֵͲһգĹΣضĸо
ǶĶͭЩż澵ӳ;޴û֮⣬ȥûаĳ֮
Ȼ⾵ӿȥͨ˶ҿýˣһģһԼ
ʱһԵǰϱ࣬ȻһһӾͶ׵˵ϡ
ǱһΪһ﷢ʲô˭֪һһۣǽŵӣЩ˼ЦЦ˵ýţûʲô˵һڵϼһʯͷǰͶ˹ȥ
ֻǿʯͷµµĹȾм䣬Ȼͣʲô鶼ûз
ĳȥ͸һƨһţߵ죬ղŻΪʲôˣһŵòᡣ
ٺЦƨɣ˵СʦȱѽֻԵľܸܲƱĶҪܵĻﻹӣǾͷˡ
һﵽҲĲĻ֮лǲɵһղ趪ȥʯͷԵѾͭյˣͭ沢ûбĳʯͷ
ʱҲ⣬ʯͷмĺڵҲһûб
ǰһۣ˵澵ֻܸƻĶܸ
Ҳ뵽ˣʯͷȻƳĺڵȴܸƣпܾ⣬ͭʲôģ
Ȼͭ˺棬˭Ҳ߹ȥ⾵ʲôģҪһٱԼǿɾͲˡ
һһµֳˣȾӾͨԣҪȥҪŰһͭǲȥ
ʱҶˣߵˣ˵Ĺֻһ֮ңˣڱȾӸסˣȥЩġ
ȾӣؿûϷˣҪȥˣֻʦֵȥʲôطʦȥһ·ûзİۼ˳ûĹ
а취ԽȥʱǾǰ棬ͻȻ˵
Ƕһ㶣Ŀ֪ʲô⡣
ָָ˵ǿ档
˳ָ̧ͷȥֻͨĶ׸ߣߵʯֲ͹ʯ顣
Щ͹ʯͷжһֻͭ׶ߣ治ܹȫȥŮ˹Ȼ
ʱ˫Ѿңͳӣϵһʯ飬һʯ͹һʯ˹ȥ
ӴʯȻһĴֻҪץסӣȻƹͭܰȫĵ档
˫ӣ˵
˵ͷֻ˫ֱϵļһҪʱʯͷȴһ絽ǰְ˫ļϣѹ˵𼱣ˡ
ĻһﶼǳһȥǺʲôҲ
ǳġʯͷüͷǰ˵
ע⵽ղ˵ǶвɵĽѲˮײЩʬ壬ЩѾôιº׷ǣ
ĲЩʬ壬ֻ˭
ʱҲˣǰĴһŲǽŲңһܷġ
ǽĶǰ棬ƺҲûпԼ٣ߵǰ棬ǻһξʱͣ
Ҷһֻǰ˵ӣֻվĵط̫ڰҿЩ˵ģҵĸоЩȫɭɭ·ǻˡ
֪ԷǵѣҲóȻжֻЩͣ½ŲǰһͻȻ˵֮أϽ˴ţǸϽȥ
ʷ˫˷ӦûʲôҺȴǲڵʯͷüëҲһΪǺϤǸկկ
ϽɽûмǸ磬ǿǼģڿôܲ𾪣ڸսʱͰʯͷˣֺõʯͷҪʯͷǣǴҲ벻ȥ·ҡҡλε羹Ȼõ֡
˭֪һûü˵Ǿȴָǰ˵Щǵ˶ɱģ
ǽɽ֮ǰļկжһɽЩ˶ˣֻʣǼ
뵽вɵһҲկˣΪʲôҪԼɱ
İϢĲƱĻ֮䵭˵
ҸϽֵͲǰһ£ֻվǰ棬ҡֱͦһ˫۾澫â¶ﻹǸͷģ
ҳԾĲվŵ⼸ˡ
ֻЩȫ㣬վԭһĿ£ûС
Щ˳֣ҾϸоŨŨϢҵֵͲǳչÿؿڵλöһͬһ˺ۡ
Щ˺ǰһŵǰʵǸˣ
ҵĻףȴûлشңǴ˵İϢ֮˲ôţǻǸϽ˳ȥҪȻҲˡ
ĻҶһ㶣Ĳµͷ϶Ǵ˵еĹˣ˼ҲǽĹҪӲ˵ȥ
ʱһȣ纰ʦأʦȥģ
ҵĻԵһ㶣ʵʲôʦʦ˭
Ҽе˵ѵɽ֮㲻ǵ
ܹЩһʦʦȥ棬ܻЩϵڻǸǲǾ
ҵĻ֮Եһ£˵ʲô˵ʲôи˶ǵĳ£˲㣿
ҵĻĬƬ̣Ȼ󷢳һ̾Ϣ˵Ǹ˲ңҵͽ벻ʮȥˣȻû
ĻҾЩסˣû뵽֮µ˾ȻͽܣֻͽܵĹϵá
һҪ䣬ǶȴЩͷĶǻ˻֣˵ҪٴˣǸϽȥҪȻĲˡ
ĻһﶼһۣĹˣط൱ļңҪߣȷʵû£ЩҪǰǻˣֲôģǶߵˣȥЩϧ
ڴԥʱͻȻһĺУеɫ΢䣬תͷĺȻҲˣ


77 Ĺ
Ľֻȥɳͬ˵Ұһ֮ɫ䣬תȥֱź档
Ҳһ֪ľʲôˣĹǺȻбڣʶˣ
㶼ûأôĻո£һ˵
˻ƣ˵ڿԼɤӣıԼ
Щֵź棬˵ʲôͷпʶ˵ģûбҪǰԼɤڻǸıԼ⵽Ϊʲô
뵽һѲʶĸıԼΪ˲ϳ
ֻ£Ӱںڰ֮˳Щһĸȵһɿ࣬һĺվĶ棬вͣĺٺЦ
ûп˵ģΪϴһߣڵֻ¶һ˫۾Ķǣȥ˵Ĺ졣
ҵĿת˵ĺ棬ֻҲһĺ£վ˵һ
ȻһڿǵĵһۻǾòгΪȻ˶һĺ£һһ۾ͿˣЩ˲ǻˣûаĻЩ˾Ȼǹ
ޱȣҲˣ᲻ǳǸˡ
ߣͽѾûĿһվԼǰŭݣ˵
Ļһֶһû뵽˾Ȼͽܣֲϵ
ٺ٣ʮûҶ˼ˣ֪˺ûУҿǲ˼ҵϡ
ͽ͵ʯֻԼûɱ㣡˵ĻϵŭʤЩҧгݵĶ˴˵
϶ҪǸ󴸣ͱһѹͷˣҽȥʯߣҪȻ϶ˡĺȵ
ʦֵһʱһüĿ˹Ҫ͵Ĺǿʯͷʦ־硣
˭֪Ļ֮ȴǹЦ˵İɣʯѾǺˣѾûˡ
һʯͷֻǸ磬ƺŬĻʲôʱ뵽ʦǸʯͷһĹȻ֪ʦ֣ô϶ҲʯͷɽµʱΪʲôûа쳣
϶ҪƭңǿʯͷҲܵȥˣʮꡣ
˿еĻһԭʦô궼ȥϣΪʲôҪȥϣѲҲǿʯͷйϵ
ߺߣΪǿʯͷǺöǶǷܹӵеģ׳꣬ΪʯͷŻʯͷ˶к³
ٷϻϽÿҪȻڣͽ˵
Ļˣ治֪ʲôֻվЩӶһȻ󷢳һֽУǰ˹ȥ
ƤߵҲҲȥ˫ʱ˴һ
Щﶼ֪Ķȫƾ˿ƣ˴һ𣬾ͬҰ֮Ĵսͣķĺлľ졣
սĳŵòᣬЩһ˴򣬴Ҳǰ֣Ӷ㵽棬ʵҪô죿
ѽѷ֣ס·Ǿһǰ棬˷ܵ˵ǹ˲ǣϽȥ
Ļһﶼǵͷ˴ѷѽ⣬Ѿ˲ˣǽȥĹĴʱ
ǸϽһץסӣͭ˹ȥͷһ˸ûвǵĶ
ŵǰȥͨͦ˲֪жԶĴѾˡ
ʱҷʯͷıЩ쳣ߵǰʵôˣ
ʯͷĬһᣬȻ󻺻˵ҾʶߵǸˡ
Ļ΢΢Ծ˿ĸıԼɤӣ߰ԼڵѲɾǺ±ʯͷϳ
ղ˵˵ȡǿʯвɵһѲͽҲǵ꿼һˣ
ǺǴ֮׷һ·ߵúܿ죬ⳡսƻ᲻ݡ
ǰаСʱͨĳȻûпͷ۵ĻǺȶЩ
Ҫסʱһֱ˷ܵǰľȴͣǰ棬˵餣
̧ͷз紵ǰ棬ֻͨȻѾ˾ͷǰƬںĿռ䡣
ǰֻͨľͷǿϵһڣվڶȥĿף֪жȶЩ
ͷҲǺһƬȫʲôڵǾǽһƬ޵Ŀռ䡣
ʱŵĵطƬԨм䣬ֻǵǰһ޴ʯԨĵײεض𣬴ǰ档
ʯ޴ޱȣ⻬ûһԹĵطǴ˵еĶһ㡣
޴ʯײǿĸ߶úվĶƽ룬ʯֳһԲΣô
ֻʯĶ⻬ƽûһľֻмλȴǰڷһӴӴĶ
ҶһֻǶһɫĹ餣Ĺ餣
Ǹ餾һʯݰ޴ȥĳ޾ء


78 
Ҵ޴Ĺ餣ִֻҽǽµʯ˵ֱô֣¶һаң滹֪жҲ֪˵ʲô취ҽʯ
¶ĵطʱĲִһһҵķֿһͷͨǾ޴ʯ֮ϣڷһľ壬ģһš
ǰţҲɵһĭſףԨߵ棬Ҫ
ʱǾǰĹ餣˷ܣҪܹȥҸϽ֣һץסĸ첲
̣ľ岻֪жˣȥȥѽҶ˵
ľ忴ȥģҲ֪жˣ˵͸ˣȥ˵Ҫȥˡ
סҲûǰղôˣҿƽȻľ塣
ֻЩľ嶼ʮֵĺȣȥΪĺأҲ֪ʲôľɵģﲻ֪ѾˣȻһҲࡣ
ľһľ忳£ֻľľϣƵҵֱ۶Щ飬ľȷʵһۼû¶
氵֣⾿ʲôľͷȻôӲøҲ׿
ľ巢ʱһӰҸǰƮţͣٵǰߣȻ޾Ԩ˸ûаͣ
̧ͷһȥʯͷǸһҶıӰغιСһ㡣
ʯͷתͷĵ˵ͷ˵ȹȥڸ
ƽ̨ҵľ룬ʯͷߵмͿʼеζľ͸ͥŲһȵһֻǰûж󹦷ߵ˶԰
ֻʯͷߵʯ֮ϣΧǿھ޴ĺɫһȦƺûʲô֣Ȼ֡
ЩѵһĭĲһܹߵ˵ģ濴һ۶ԴΡ
ҪôȥʱǾһһͿȥĿɿڴ֮Уһ˹ȥŮȻûʯͷߵôɣȵһ͵˶档
ʱ˫Ҳ˹ȥ߾ֻʣ軹ʷˣһߵ裬˵
ҵĻ֮Ǽһڵ˵ҾͲȥˣǾС
ȻҲ£һҾ˵һСĵһЩ˰˺ˡ
ʱƺЩɫŤƺһﻹ˹ȥһ߲ͣ÷ֱԹﵽʲôŪţͲŪһҪСүˡ
ңҪҪô߹ȥ˭֪ͻȻһֱӾſϣһһǰ˹ȥ
ӣҲЦˣȻȽѿַǱȽϰȫ
˰ŵ԰Ų֪жˣ³⣬ÿֻһ˹ȥʱʣҺʷˣһۣʵ˭
ʷҧҧ˵߰ɡ˵ߵϣһһ˹ȥ
ʣԼˣҿһڵ󣬾Щ}ĻţϽվȥ
ұеߣҧҵˣһȥҾ;ԴЩΣͲ¿ֻǰ档
ҪһȥȻΣÿȥһŶҾ޻һһһʪˡ
ԽԽȷҲܲˣһһİӣһſȥǰȥ
һξҸоһôֱ棬Ҳһ̱ڵϴڵĴϢš
ʱһﶼΧ޴Ĺ餴תʯͷҵļҲ˹ȥ
ڵִ˼ߵǸɫĹ֮ǰ
ֻ׶߾һССķһȥһǿҵѹȸУõʯͷͨĺʯʯϿȥӨؾһʯһ
һ£ǸоҲ࣬Ҳɵ棬Ҫʯ̵ģҪж
餲ǼЩһЩ餶ǹ⻬ʯ壬ȴǿһͼϸĹ۲ˣЩڻȥʮֵ죬Һ;ɽʯϿЩ˱ڻЩǼλһġ
Ҫȥʯͷ餵Ķ˵
̧ͷһۣ׶ߣҹ⻬ĺܣҪȥɲס
ʱ˫Ź׶ҡҡͷ˵ǵǸղŶˣҪӻ취
˭֪Ļ֮ʯͷͻȻ˵а취Ҫһļ
Ȼʯͷ˫ڹǰԼ˼ȻͻȻǰ٣˫аҾʱӸ߸ߵԾһֻӥһż˫ļһ㣬˫ҲǷһ͵ֱͼʯͷϸ߸ߵȻ˹֮ϣһŤϵ˹֮ϡ
ʯͷ˫Ǹֻ֣ϣǶУֻʯͷڹ̽ڵѾѵ£Ȼµӣ˫˵
ֻ˫ץס·ʯͷһΣ͸ȥһҲʯͷȥ
һȥǹ餵棬Ҷһֻ餵Ĺ׸мѾ鲻һֱԼ׵Ĵ󶴣ǱΪҳġ
ڣ涼Щ餿ͱ˹˹ֻ֪ǵĿӻǱʲôˡ
ʯʯϵʮһˣβʯ֮⣬Ӧھ淢ԼæܳģȻ֪ǱһԼǱĶɱģӦûл֮ǰô餵˾˭
һڶеţ֪ûʲôʱ˫ʯͷ˴ֵߵ˸ǰһգɫûб仯ƺûʲô
ҵϽ˹ȥڿ涫һؽеҵѽ
һвΪ£ΪĶʵ̫ˣȫҫ۵Ľ鱦Щ鱦ѵģֵͲһգⱦֱ˵۾Ҷ̲ס˿ĭְļһ͸̲סˣ޲һͷȥ
ֻЩ鱦мΧһСһĹײģӦþǸģǹײľͷģһҲûиõĺۼײĸѾ򿪣һĹ
Ǿ߹֪˶ˣûƤ⣬ȫ˽ƸɿݵĹͷʬȻѾõֻʣ¹Ǽܣǿȥ쳣ĸߴ˻ŵʱӦϣڹǲġ
ߺǣ뵽˱ڻǸĸߴа뵽˳ɾǸĹˡ
ʱʯͷȥһҵһԵĸȥˣֻ˽鱦һֽôˣԵЩӵ
Ǽһھǵײֵ󣬿۾Ź⣬ͣİѽ鱦ԼĻһȵϣ죬һûǶұԹ˵Сʦѽ˵ΪΪʳһ˽˺üˣڲջҶõɡ
ҿʷҲڳû̾һ˵õ㣬ҪȻһ߲·
ҵĻٺٵЦ˵ллСʦ
Ҹոսѵ裬ԱߵľһȻ˵ԣЩ֣


79 ͷ
ĻתмǿľͷײģֻǾߺǾڹײ棬ûʲô쳣ǵ⺡ǵԴʱҲгΪ⺡ǿԴͷ
ֻǿԴ泯죬¶һسͣг˷ԲԴȥ񹷻Ǹһ㡣
ǲܳһԴģԿԴĵһҾǲǵԺԴ⣬ȻǿܶЩȷʵвٹĴͳ
Ҳ̫ˣúõԴŪֹģ⵽ʲô壿
ԣԴǰȥģ˱ͳһŹͷǿԴ˼ʱһֱڹײǰľɫĲ԰ףָǿԴǴ˵
ұһô᳤һŹͷʧķ˻۾ˣǵҿʯͷɫҲʮֵصʱҾ;е㲻̫ͷ
ҸϽײĸǰߺȥֻӴľ׵룬ûһѵĺۼǾ֤֮ûб˶ǿһԴģ
Դϵ亹ˣôܣô᳤һһԴ⵽Ǹʲô
ⶫϣŴ࣬ܳôߵļΪЩڻߣߺǵ֮ݻĽ鱦⼸һеĲֻλ˵еʸӵС
뵽뵽ѲλֹͷĹǱڻֻ˶ѣתһ룬һͷֶĸᱻ˵ɹЩôܰӵΪ϶ʲôԾĵط
ҺʯͷоǾߺʱʷƴ鱦˫ȻǸ֣ǸҲΪ׬ǮڿЩ鱦ҲɵĶֻûʷôûϢ
ʦǮ㹻ⱲӻˣԶЩ걦ôðŮҲǸǮһΧѵСɽһĲƱעȫеǾֵĺˡ
ʯͷǸһûǮȻҫ۵ĽƱڸǰ˵һûʲô
ΧǾߺǣ벻ͨ⵽ôһ£ײһ߹ĺ֮ҲûбĶǴ˵еʯͬ˵ʦָ˳ȥ
ղʱᵽʦֵֵʱõǺżУͷе֣Ѳʦֵ绹ʲôɣ
ʱͻȻһ뵽˵Ļ˵ǿ鴫˵еʯȻӵǻԳ˽зɣλȻʯ˵ˣҲΪǿʯķɣ׳ȥˡ
뵽һ۹ڣǾߺĹͷ­вɵһ󵨵뷨ѲλΪʯķɣԴűģ
Ǳɱġָߺǵصλãʱſؿм߹ѾѣγһȭͷСĶǶλλá
˿Աߵ߹ǶѾѣеĵطַ״̬ǱʲôӲҽؿڣһˣܵ˺֮϶ǻˡ
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80 ʯ
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81 
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82 Ĺ
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ĹȻ仯ģѾǻˣԶôʱȵм䱻һֻžǰ
ʯͷܷŹôõĻᣬһͦеľžʹȥֻ۵һľֱӴ̴Ĺ޵ţı¶˳Ȼʯͷ˸͸ɻʯͷץ
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ֻһ죬ĹޱһֱӸû˰ӣʣµİɳһʯ֮ϡ
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˭֪ǾȴǷһߣ˵ִ˵еĶҲţʯͷһȽرʯѣʲôɹ֡
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ĻҶͣ˽ŲȻЩĹ޵ʬ壬治ɵЩҿɲֶ
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84 ͬ
˸ղù廹·Щ΢΢ĴһĽŲǹĵһôǵͷΪһڽӽǿʯ
߽ʯţȻߵʯ̨Աߣ֪ΪŻǱԭ˵ĿЩ˸Ȼ֣ǸͭС
ڲͣķ֪ΪŵԭǿʯʮˣҪõ˭Ҳⲻ˽š
ֻ˽˫ָ֮ͭϣȻͣĸţڸԼİı
ǿʯʲôģڿ˵ĶҼһǿ⣬㵽ǿѽ
ι˵ô£ϽѽôһϽСүҼĶˣʱ費ĺһɤӡ
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Ǹиһ򿪣ʯͺһŨŨĺ֪ⲻǿʯͷĹâɫĹâ
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һɫʯͷг˵ȭͷһСȥһΣǷ·ɽģ
ֻ˽ǿʯͷǰʱѾʯͷĺɫâȫ֣Ϳı飬ֻ˷Ц
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Ǹ˵ԵѾʧˣǿʯͷͣĹЦûע⵽һš
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ߵſڣֻʱǸжڵϣǰ棬ſĺ棬˫۽§
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֣һһºݺݵԴʱѾҵĿڱѪ
ҳ嵽ſھͿһĻģѾŲ˶ˣ뵽˺ʦоɣҲ˲ôˣŲҪȥ
˭֪ȴǴһʯŸϣ
ʱǴߵе׹ԽԽʢȻһԵĹâ
ʱ˶˹Ǹ˵пǿʯͷķڿǵûܿסǿʯͷԼѾʼЩͷĹת䡣
ղȥʱ˵Ǿ仰ûܹſʯвɵЩ֣Ѳɵ˵ƭ
ʱѾڲͣѪ죬¶һմѪݣǺţʯ棡
ǸϽʯұߵʯڣȻҵһȭͷС͹ӦþǹرʯŵĻء
ǰʯŹͳˡ˵
˭֪ȴǶҴ𣺿أ˾ң
ҿģûɵһ̧־Ǹذȥֻһ֨֨ʯŻȥ
ʱͻȻһҪ⣬ŻûȫرյʯŴĺǰʦ֣ʲôط


85 
ղŵĻУʦֵĽ鲻ǳʦʮа˾ȥʦˣҪͽһǿʯᣬҵȻҪʦֵ䡣
ҵĻĬһ£ƺû뵽󴸾ҵʦ֣ȻɳƵɤӶҺϣҼûмˣȥɽ潫溣֪ʦʲôط
ո£ʯҲһԶĸ
ʯţһþ벻Ȼ˵׳ңȻǸһص档
ˣڵػǿʯǸߵͽܣǵıʣҲʯػߣһؽ˷棬ò˶þͻֳͷĹԶػʯڤڤеĶɡ
Ҷ벻鵽ȻʯҵˣǸͲĹĿľΪ˽⿪ܣڲûн⿪һֱøӵ˷롣
ЩڵϣȻղŶ˵Ļ˵ȥɽ潫溣溣Ҳǵ꿼صǸˣѲɵҲûĹ棬ǻ˳ȥ
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ڵ̧ͷһ۾ֻŮ˽ĶѾرʯţüͷţ֪Щʲô
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ʷϢʱҲģǸһеµľУ˶ϵĵطͲܶˣҪȻǻй档
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˵⣬ʷϸֳһĨԳЦݣȻ˵ҲҿûȥҪȻҲڣ
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Ҷһǽ浽ЩʲôȻʮŷḻ߽ȥԺҲûг
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ʷĻǶɵһ䣬ʲôطȻܰһ˸ŷ裬˵굽濴ʲô
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ҿһʯͷֻĵ˵ͷҵʦֲ֪귢飬ʯͷǱҪȥġ
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ʯͷһۣĺڵͭм䣬ʱ˫Ѿʯ֮ȡӣš
ʯͷߵĸǰ˵ӽһ¡
˫һ£ȻǰǰѺڵӽʯͷС
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ʯͷŪβŰĺڵȡ˻Ȼ嵽˺ϡ
źڵʯͷҺȻһִǰѺڵʲôΣǰ׵Ľŷ֣ҾȻʯͷһֵС
ָоһļƤβҲɵһķϽԱŲһԶԶġ
ʯͷЩֵһۣʣôˡ


86 Ĺ
ֻʯͷԶԶЩֵһۣȻһȻ̧˹ֵʵôˣ
ЩȻĶЦЦ˵ûû¡ӽⶴﻹûͣŪЩˡ
˭֪ʱʯͷȴ֣ǱȱָҪĴҼȻ˵ļһ֪ܡ
ʯͷһﻹΪҼҪ֪ʦֺʦԲЩһھȻһ˿֮ɫ治ɵһů˵ͷ
վߣɫŹֵһۣʱʯͷǼһҵļϣĿԣȥĺᡣ
ҸϽһӣʯͷҵļϻ䣬žŮ˺ιᣬֹϵ
˭֪Ů̧žǰȥͷҲûлأǰ˰˵ûµģ˵ǵġ
ұļѪǼһҲߵҸǰٺٵķЦ˵СʦҾͦġ
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һĻҾȻЩжʯͷӿ²ʲôѣȻ˵ѣ˵Ǻѵõġ
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Ů˵ĻղõһӾ͵Ȼ޴棬ЦʱҲ̲סһȥݺݵĸš
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ڴԥʱֻĺˮͻȻ˻һϽͷ˹ȥֻǽǸڴˮмһӴĺӰ޴ĺߡ
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Ǹոһĺˮͷһ죬žʹһĺУѾǣǳ˹
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طˮܼҸһȥ͸оӱһɼйζȥǹɴҸͰ취ֻֿ˳ƮȥҵԴȫҪûˮеʱͨͨˮ֪Ѿȫ
һˮҾ͸оɾ޴ڲͣ˺ҵӣļҸ˺ѣҪſУһĺˮͲͣĹൽҵ棬ǺҷͬһҲ֪˶ãǰһڣ׵ʧȥ֪
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Ƕʱ䳤ˣͻȻҾȻЩӦ۾һŸſֻһƬݵϣϡ
һûüϸ;ö͵ſ۵Ĳͣ³ȫˮӦǵºȥġ
³ˮҲŸо˵㣬ڵֻ˫ʯͷҸǰĲݵϣʱĲݵϻ衢ʷ;ˣǶǻʪ͸۾ڵһ
ǰ治ԶһСڻʣºӰǸ嵽ط
ҿһ۵ϵˣǵؿڶڻӦ˹ȥ޴󰭡
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ʯͷҡҡͷ˵֪طɽҲŪˡ
ôһ˵治ɵЩطȫɽֵģڲ֪嵽ʲôطҪ׼ȥɲһ׵¡


87 ɽ
ҵĸô߳ɽʱʯͷȴһڵվҺ˫˵ͷ˵ȥλȻһǰͳ˳ȥǸԶһ߸ߵɽͷȻǶͣǶʯͷ˵Ӧò
ɽȱɽͷҪһأվԿĸԶʯͷŲ죬һʧҰС
ҶʯͷһһֱģԶİ˲٣϶ҵȥĵ·
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뵽治ɵİ֣ĸѾȥˣλصĲûмŮ˾ΪԼĺģΣգĹ
뵽ҾЩ˼飬С϶ǽȻҲ֪ʲôģҲԿóһܺãһŮˣΪеһʲԶܽĹУؼ֪ĹΣգԽԽЩ˵ȥΪ˵ô̫ǿˡ
һʼڶʱûϸ£ҪȥͻȻѣ̧ͷŮһۡ
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ҿ˫Ư۾ͻȻǾ̶̶ˮźܶҿס
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ûа취ֻö˵ͷŮ˵ʲôͷΪʲôҪôҪŪ귢ʲô飿
ܳүѽҵıأʱԱߵȴǷһ󺰣ҵľ͸ࡣ
ĺŤͷһȻһﱳıѾˡ
ŤͷһֻۣʯͷǼһ֮⣬˵ıˣĹ汻ʱϵı䣬֪ˮʲôطȥˡ
ҵνΪûʲôҪĶǰľһֱİҵıڱĶ˵Ҫ
ǾˣҲֻǿһۣڵϵͷ֪ʲôıҲûʲôֵǣҵĶ
ʷͲˣǵıװĹĽ鱦һȫˣһʱЩԽܡ
ʷһ㣬վԭ˰죬ɫ԰׵ԼȥһóһʵʵϴԿװǮһֻ
ʷһЩǮ԰׵˼˿ѪɫҿԵЩ֪ЩǮʷŵľǮЩ鱦ԶǮҪǶ˹ʷĶУҲҺ֪ˮĶܷ䡣
۵ֱУһﰮòŪôЩ鱦ڵͷˮһգܲ
ֻһͷˮȥһΪ벻ҪѰ̼Ͻվʲôȥ
ͷҲûأ˰֣˵źӱңЩ°뱲õˣļⶼ۵á
ˣǱʱɢҺСһϵģ⸽Ƕҹˣûκζ
˫ɫҲÿΪıҲװ˲ٱһ¶϶ҲۣȻʯͷҹˣЩҲˡ
ǼһﲻģԼźӱһȦͷɥĻˣûκջ
һļ򣬱볰Ц䣬ǿϵɫˣֻ˵û£뿪͵ûЩ
ĶҰ˰֣һƨ˵ϡ
ʷ˫ŪĲƱˣԵ²ߣڵûɣҾЩģҸ˵˵ǾǸŮģҸûʲô˵ģ˵ˣƾǰգŮҲҡ
һᣬҾ;ö洫˹๾ղŰѶĶ¸ɾˣЩװųԵĶıҶˮˣҲûʲôóԡ
Ҷ﷢ŵʱֻĴһ춯ʲôǿ֦
һŵøϽתͶȥĶֻ춯ǹľһӰ
ӰһŵĶһʯͷ
ֻʱʯͷ滹ֻɽҲ֪һô򵽵ġ
Ǹǰֻɽڵϣָָǰ˵ǰ߾ߵǽĵط
˷򣬴һﶼһټҲʵڶˣϽֻɽɱɾĳһ١
ɽ棬һӾͻһΣգǼ򵥵ʰһ¾͸ʯͷǰȥ
ֻƹǰһɽͷʱ춼Ѿ˰Ҿǰ龰ЩϤһǽĵطǰĶ֪ĹھЩ档
ԭȻɽ͸ˣǰɽȥȻںɽ
ʱҲѾҵ˽֮ǰҹĵطϢһڶ·ֱǲߵĹկǰ档
ԶԶկӣǶĬΪȥ˶կˣǶĹ棬ǲ֪ЩȥɷĸŮ
͵͵Ŀһ۾ֻǰկӳĬҲ֪ʲôȻ˵ЩҲΪģҲ֪ôЩŮ˵ƹկӰɣȥЩŮ˶ӳȥ
Ļһﶼ˵ͷҪǵկЩŮǵ˶ˣܱǸ˺ˡ
ƹկӣһһҹ߳ççĴɽʼǸС


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88 ĵ绰
СҲ⸽կͨΨһŦɽ˼죬Ծ˿ͷ˶ѾƣСûбݣûа취ǾֻһũϢһٶ
ס˷ӵȻҪǮģǵıҶˮ֪嵽ȥˣֻʷϻֽ
ʷ˵磬ȽǮһ£ȥԺٻ㡣
ʷһ£Ȼ䣬һѰѷϴ˳ҵϣ¶ڵĻ˵С˵Ʋˣһͬʹ࣬Ǯһ㶼ȥðɡ
ʷǮϣͻȻ˫һӣǰķʵǼҲģ
ǷָָұߵķȻʷŶһСܵĳ˹ȥ
ҵ˵еϴװҸʮǮһпһֻʷȥֲڣû뵽˼Ȼôϸ壬˷ˮ׼
ЩǮжҪ֪ģǸղҵʱȴûһ˿ԥЩж
Ǯ˷ķ⣬Ҳѽ쵽ĻʳѶˣһƣ۲ҪľϢڷĴ¾ȥҪϽ˯һ
˭֪ǸոߵſڣͻȻһ𶯣žʹһײ͵ֻǸұһͷһϴʷֻ
óֻһֻʾҽԺͲɵĿһӣɽûźţʷһֱסԺѲʲô⡣
ʷڲҲҵ󣬸Ͻ˽ֻ绰洫һЩżŮ˵˵ιʷ
ҸϽ˵˼ѣʲô˵Ҳһ
ҵĻŮһ£ȻЩջ˵ô£Ǹ绰ϵˣǰȥˣϽ¡
Ů˵ĻҾˣҲ֪ʲôʱҵĵ绰
迴ɫЩԾϽչʵôСʦ
ʱһﶼͷңҰַ£Ȼ˵ʷǰѾȥˣղҽԺҴĵ绰
ҵĻһﶼˣΪҶ֪ʷΣյĸĹ棬Ϊ׬Ǯǻ˰֢β
㶵ţҪʷ֪ԼѾˣ֪ʲôӦ
ʱҵɫÿȻ֪θʷʵ
ʱʷȴſ˽ЩֵһۣʵʲôأôȥˣϽϢȥ
ҿԼɫȥƽ糣ʱʷϽ˵ѽҶŸʲôϽȥϢ
ǸϽʰԼ飬߽˷䣬˴඼ס¥ⷿҲǣȥ¥Ǿһ䣬ЩүǾĵذϯض˯
ҰʣµǮֻʷһֱ͵͵Ĺ۲Ҫôܰȥ
˭֪Ǹո¥ûжãʷеֻǶɵĽȥ
ѵǸҽԺģ氵š
ʷֻҪͨǷǶһȻЩ˼ĶЦЦţɽ漸ûźţ˳ɷĲ¡
ȻʷֶЦЦߵһ߽ͨ˵绰
ιҸճڴɽ˺ü죬һֱûźţôˣʲôôԺǺãǺãڼҵţҾͻȥˣˣɣԼע⡣
ֻʷϴ˷֮ɫҶ˵绰
Щѵһĭʯͷһۣϵ亹ˣʱʷ˹ǵɫЩֵʵôˣǿҸ
ЩʵղŸղŸ绰ţ
ʷһЦ˵ǵȻѲɻбŮˣȻզǹרһⱲҲôǡ
ʷ˵ҵļ˵ҽ˵ĲʼתǰѾԺˡ
ĻǿһӣղǸҽԺŮ˴绰Ҳ˵ǰ죬ǳԺˣˣ
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ԺͺãԺͺãڿƼôʲôϣ˵ǲСʦʱߵǰ濪ʼԲǸţһ¸ղЩŵա
ҺʯͷһۣȻ¥ȥŮҲ治֪ʷ˵һʲôҲ
ô£ɫЩ׵ҡ
ʱҲЩë˵Ҳ֪Ǹղǵ绰ȷʵҽԺġ
᲻Ǹˡͷʵ
ʱȻϣҽԺˣǸղ˼ſʵľʷִҽԺĸӦǼ͵ġ
ҽԺˣǸղŸʷ绰˭Լϱܲɣ
ҪȥֻҪȷһ£˵
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ֻңҵ㿪һֻۣ磬һҽԺģһעϱ
˴һۣʵȴһ
һ£˵ȴҽԺİɣϾǸʷŲ죬Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ҿ˾һۣȻŮϸȻ󰴶̲˳ȥſ϶ҽԺˣ绰ǲһ¡
绰ͱͨˣǸղǸŮ˵ҲŮӦʷŵҽʦҪȻʷҲĺ롣
Ů˵һ£ͻȻ֪ԼЩʲôҺŮ˵ˣʷ㰮ǰѾȥץʱҽԺ¡
ҽֻ᲻ǸˣСĵ绰ͷŮʵ
ҵĻŮ˶һ£Ŵ˵㿪ʲôЦǲ˵ҽʱȣʬ̫ƽѾˣʷϽĺ£ŮЩ˵һ˵绰
ҿᣬԴҶղŵĶԻֻڴҵɫ׵Ŀ¡
ҽԺûŪʷϱǰѾˣǲܴ绰ģǸղŸ绰˭
뵽ҲɵľϵĺëըһֲõԤҵ
ֻϵǸ룬治ɵһķʱʯͷ˵ţûˡ
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89 ǻ
ŸղҽԺŮҽ˵ʷѾˣڿ룬ҵֶЩһ˲ͨ
ʣµļеĵ绰ڴһ鶼ʮֵĽţ֪绰֮ͨʲô
ֻ绰ཱུȻһŮ˵Ͳ洫˳ʷôմִˣ
Ů˵ʮֵɳȻʣȴƽƽûһ仯ȥûһ¶ȡ
ҵͷƤһķ飬Ϊ˵ĸоʵ̫ˣһô˵
ô˵ҽŵһʱ֪˵ʲôǸŮ˵ȴִ˳ƺЩ֡
ҲŻعҲ֪˵ЩʲôʶĶŵ绰е˭
ҵ绰ͷŮ˳ĬһᣬȻĵִ˳˵ܵͣȴÿ˶ֻ˵㲻ʷ㲻ʷһδޱȶԹԹǺֱ飬ʱѾ֪鲻ԾˣΪͲǻܷģ
׳ŵ绰ͷ㵽ʲô
Ȼ绰һͷȻĳǸŮڿޣһͬĵ֮ÿ˶
Ȼ֮ǿִֵͣЦǻûлعʱͻȻ绰ִһĺУ
ʱںңĵŵ绰ĶͻȻһ󺰰˶ŵҸŵһ£ֱӰֻ˦˳ȥ
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Ҷ˶һ۱ˤڵϵĵ绰ʱҲûȥʯͷĬǰһϵĵ绰˿Ȼ˵Ѿˡ
绰ѾˣĪһΪĲŮͬһ
ڴȥʱߵʯͷĸǰ˵
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ʯͷִΣһɫ԰׵ʵ⾿ôһ£
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϶ڸ硣˽˵
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һѾȷʷˣǲ绰ģǸʷͨŮ˵˭ѵҲĹĺһ֪ԼѾˣֻһĻѣ
һʯͷ֪ʲôҵ˵ͷҲͬʡ
ʷѾˣֻһ꣬ôʷȥܻ鷳Ϊ̫أ˴ʱˣͻ᲻ͣȡ˵
ʱҲ֪ôʷ˵һʱЩͷۡ
һﶼװû鷢ȻϢϳҺʯͷ˳һһ¸ô졣
ʱʷҲ棬ֻͨŻŵ绰˵Цģоë
Сʦ⵽ôһѽԽԽ£ʷ׸˭ڴ绰ѽЩʵ
ʾ˵ȻǾ;Ŀʷֻŵ绰˵ЦһҲû쳣֪ͨڸԼϱͨ
Ҷ˵绰ʯͷ֣ȻﵽСϣһõ绰Ѽµĵ绰ңȻȸҽԺִ绰ȷһ£һǸŮҽҪˣŵ绰ʷϽ
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˱Żˣһ㲻Ѿ
һ棬Ǹͨһ͵˵ϣһҲˡ
ϼңҵ˵ķӣȴͱ˸ڿˣʲôҲûУǸ˲֪ʲôʱȥġ
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Ҹʷͨողźʷͨ껰ûеǴȥĵ绰ǹⲻӵģΪ֪ԼǸˣڱ˽Ӵ
뵽Щͷʷ϶ҲţΪһֱڸԼͨ
ҵʷȥ֮鷳һʯͷ˵ϱ⣬Ҿؼһˡ
ҵĻ֮һ£Ȼ˵ҷȥҲû£Ҳȥ
ʯͷȴüͷ˵ҪȻزһˣôˣҪȥ
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һںһȥ㣬һȥǸ
ʯͷ˵ͷ
һɽŮ˾ʹ绰źóˣڶһĴ;ͿС򣬴һϽʰһȻϳ
ڳϣʷʵ磬ѽ
ںӱˮʷ˵
Цһ£Ȼ˵Ҳû£ҴȥߣȥǺˮˣ˵ʶһҲԵ֣ɩвҲӦȥ
ʷҵĻһ£û뵽һͻȻһȥֿЦ˵ѽɩѾʼˣɩӸֺòˣɩӵĳտǺܺõġ


90 Ů
ڸʷ˵ŻЩֵһۣЩ㲻ΪʲôҪʷһȥҲû˵ʲô
ȵ˼ףϻ𳵣Ȼʯͷ;·˳ŮߵʱصĸҪȥʱ֪ͨһ
Ѿľ򵥣ҪȥǽҲ֪ͨ
Ů˵ʲôͷʷʵ
ʷֿ죬һŨ̵˻𳵹棬Ȼ˵Ҳ̫Ů˺ǮſڸҪ˶ʮŮ˸ûҲʹǱŶģľͲ֪ˡ
ҵ˵ͷŮܹ˫ıڣһܸ㵽ǹǮıҲĺܣҶĹĿĸ˼ֻɡ
ĵĺܣҺʷ趼ȽϽ̸һ·Ϲˣƣ͸м˲١
ֻˮԽҲͱԽԽĬʷΪżϱҺǵĵʷʲô
ȻͣˣǸʷȥʷļҾںˮнվԶ˴ԼʮӵӾ͵ˡ
ʱѾϾŵˣѾûˣʷһ³ʹ˸绰һλϱӵģҺ˽š
ʷļһԺ䷿ӣȻϣһſҾ;ЩԾΪ˻ҳһǾûһûһƹ¶ԵЩɭ
ҺһۣһŵɫЩףʱʷߵſڣ溰һˣ쿪š
ʷ֮ɾĵûа㶯ҺŵĲУʱͻȻ˿Ȼ¶һųͷŮ˵Դ
ǱͻȻͷŮ˸һʷȻվסӣбԹ˵ѽզûУˡ
ǸŮû˵ͻȻתͷǡ
ܰףȻϣҲĵĲ԰ףŮ˴Լʮӣͨһ˫۾ȴĴһ⡣
԰׵ټһͷĳ˫۾Һǲɵ
˭
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ʷһֵʵС磬Ǹ
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û˵ǶſڵǸŮ˵װˣ㵽ʲô
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ʱŤͷǸţʵ㶼֪Щʲô
ţִſ־ıһʷҵſڣ˵ԭţʷھӣǰҽԺͻȻˣҲʷȻҵ棬֪ʷȥµˡ
ǵڶϣţ°Щˣ춼ˣ·ʷſڵʱиŮĳ衣
ţһߵſϸϸһᣬһţûΪ洫Ǳ˵ģʷȥŵţǼʮھӣԲ


91 
ţ˵Щʱ嶼̲ס΢΢ڲ类˵ͷһͰˮͷġ
˵ƣˣڶ°ʱֵſڣһͦĺɩӵһһЦģҲ
ţ˵ʱ̧ͣͷʷҵķȻ˰ٵӰ
ң˶ֵаԣڴһ϶ҳˣղҪҲҳ
ţ˵꣬ҺʷֻɫڱĲ԰ޱ𣬺ڲͣ
ҪȵҽԺȻ˵ʷ鵽
ʷĬƬ̣ҵ˵ͷʱҲȥˣѡһıס
һ·𳵣۵ĹǺڴȴôҲ˯ţ˰ҹʱͻȻҵķš
ŵһӾڴʵ˭
ֻ洫һɳƵɤҡʷġ
һ˭¶˯ãҸϽ´򿪷
ʷĺ̸ˣҵĴͷҲ˵ֻǲͣĳ̣֪϶ܣ˰Ҳ֪ôȥοֻһĬ
ҵˡʱʷͻȻ˵һ仰
ͳʮֵɳƣЩҲ֪˵ЩʲôֻĿ
ʷһ̣³֮˵ҿۣŵʱҾͿˣѾǻˡ
ʷҲǿ۵ˣܿϱǻˣҲ϶ܿó
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Ѿˡʷ˵⣬̲סĶ˵
ʷҵĻ֮ĬƬ̣Ȼ˵ĵһҲ֪ǲ⾿ôһ£
ʷ򵥵˵һº飬Ȼ˵ɩӵĲһɩӦ֪ԼѾˣҲ֪Ϊʲô档
֮󣬳Ƕع䣬ʷϱ֪ԼѾˣǻڼУЩ˵ȥ
տϱĵһۣҾ֪ʷŲһʵ꣬ԼģҽԺܳҽԺûе֪ѽ
뵽ҾЩ򵥣Ȼʷ˵ȱؼңҽԺ濴˵
ʷҲ֪Щͷ̶ҵ˵ͷȻĬ߳˷䡣
ڶһǾ͸ϵҽԺǸͨŮҽǸʮŮˣȻʷЩǺܺõĿסԼǴͣʬ䡣
Ǹʷһȥͣʬ䣬ǼһŵطȴϤޱȣܵ洫˿˿⣬ҲɵʦһҹͣʬӣޱȵǸͷ
ʷһдֵͣʬǰ棬ЩŵһۣʱҲЩţʷ˵ͷֻһߵǰ棬һǸͣʬ
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ǿһҲоİΪϾͼʷҸǿŵǸŮˣҲʷš
ڵʷڲͣķϵˮֱļҵ֪˵ʲôοͷҲһͣʬŮˣŵɫ԰׵˵һߡ
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һĭʷ˵ĺпܲɩӡ
ҵĻʷĬһ£Ȼҡҡͷ˵ܵģҸһʮ꣬һҶϤϵ
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뵽ҲɵЩͷ⵽ôһ£Ĺͭ˵ʷѲҲˣǳȾ˭ôıȥһˣ
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ʦҲֻ˵ѣഫʩַͨѾȥɱԼˣȻȡԼ
һ£ʷϱƺֹЩǣǰ죬̫ƽԺֵЩɰȻһ˼ħʷ˵ڲɩӵô£ҾǶҪȥ
ʷҵ˵ͷȻȥ
Ȼǰ죬һſڣһǾһɭĺȫҲɵĴ˸¡
ҰѷָֽʷһһţȻʷǰȥţһβôã涼ǰҲûд
ʷóԿףȥ汻ˡ
һʷԺǽϽǵķһָָǽȥ
ǵһǽͷģȥҲ֪ǲΪֵԭ򣬷ʷļȥɭĺܣ˸оЩ־壬ķźҴıţ˿浽ʲô
ʱʷҲǽͷĺɤϱ֣ɾĵģû˻ش
½ǽȥһԺҾ;طϸĴһֻۣԺ˻ҳѾþûˡ
ԵĲͷΪʷŸǿţԺǰ϶ºۼԺȴһӡҲ


92 ֽ
ʷԵҲע⵽һ㣬ɫЩѿȻſķ˹ȥҺĸ
ûбʷԿһӾʹˣϵǣԺȫ෴濴ҳ˸ոմɨһ
ȻⷿӺܸɾһȥҾ͸оԺҪصĶ࣬һĺë
һ裬ڱҪŵö࣬һŵò԰ףʷ´һۣȻ첽ҵķȥ
涼ŴЩֻʷߵҵſڣŷž˹ȥ
Ƿƺ淴ˣʷ˼ҲûƿҺϽǰǰȥȥš
Ŀţһžı˿
ʱоЩ֣ΪⷿҪǱĻô֮£϶ᱻǸײҲһӱȫ򿪣ڵķȴһıŴ򿪵ġ
ǻûзӦʱͻȻһɴŵһ洫ǹĳ棬Ȼþȫûжסɾ޴űһ
ʱվſڣϵ亹ˢһӾˣжţ
ңʷ趼Ѿ뵽һ㣬һڶҿһȷţڱľóһħڽϣʷ˵һΡ
治ʲôɾĶֻҪҰľȥħá
ʷҵ˵ͷһþȫſ˹ȥŵ·һʮ־޴ĶţþȫŰŸƿһ϶
϶ҴһϽľ˽ȥ
ľһȥ棬ֻͻȻһŮ˵ļŮ˵Ľ̶ҵĶĤһۡ
Ů˵Ľ֮ź͵ؾʧˣȫûзһӾͱ˦ڵϡ
ȻˤûۣǴһﶼϽڵҷȥֻ滹ҪڵĶ࣬ʲôģģġ
ʷ̧ǽȥҪƣ£ǽȷʵǰһǵƵĿر򿪵
ֵǣɻ谵ޱȣĵƲû
ʷû˵˹ȥֻĽŲոⷿͻȻһĵĿ֮
Ǹʲôطģֻ˷޴ڣһŮĿ֮
һģһǾûɵĴһ¡
ĵŮ˵ĿʷͻȻһͳ˹ȥ
ҲֻһŴͺͼ¹񣬱ľҲûˣȻҲûˡ
ıҵ˸ոһⷿҲûһ˿Ļҳɾ淢ë
ʱĵŮ˵ĿڲͣǵĶ䣬һķ飬豻ŵߵڣһӾͰѴˣ
ȻʷԺĹҲ㣬Ժ󷿼ȴ˲٣ҸϽһ飬ֻͼӰ
أЩ˵
ҺʷûʱֻĵŮ˵Ŀһβղһ׼򣬶ڴԱߵ¹洫
ǽŵǸ¹ֻĵĿͣ洫ʷŵ
ֻʷĶǸ¹嶼Щ΢΢ķǰȥһѾͰ¹˿
¹һĿֻͣһµŮһţĿڹ档
ӽţͷϥ棬ͷסȫĿ
ӡʷվ¹ſڣǸ¹ŮˣЩŵĺ
Ѿͣʬʷϱʬ壬ڼһˣָо˵˵һǿҵĴ̼
ʷڿԼϱѾȫΣˣҿһֱڽ䱸ڿվ¹ſڣʲô⣬һץסļͷź˹
˭֪ʱ¹ŮȴͻȻתͷ
Ů˵ʱŵòûȥҲˣ˺¿־ҶһΪⲻһȷе˵ӦһֻȴǱֽġ
˴ߣһֽ۾͡ӶīˮģһʮֵļªԽȥԽӵ˿־壬ôôһ
ܳһŵڵϱϸߣһŴڳ˹ȥȻӱ򿪵ʹͨһһȻŵֱ˳ȥ
ΪҲֽŻˣʷˣʱʷͲԼϱͻȻֶ̼˭Ҳܲˡ
˵ڲͣ£۽Ƴһ۴⣬ֻǼһߺڵȻղűˤòᡣ
û˵ΪʱǸ¹Ů˾Ȼ˳Űɫ˯£忴ȥûʲôֱ𣬿һȴֽģīˮʱһĽ
ĵ·һָĸϼƤһһ㡣
ʷˣȥԡһֽŮͻȻֵֹͣĸʷ˵
ұŮ˵ŵϵ·ʪ͸ˣھȻ˵˵ӵľù졣
Ů˵ҪʷȥȴһҲûжַЦʷ˵ʷ쵽ҸǰҿûС
Ů˵ոʱҾ;ЩԾȻո£վҸǰʷһǰ߳һ
һ°ҸһתͷһֻʷڹһĨ΢Цɢ·һ
Ҿ֪ղŮ˵϶ĳȻ֮Ȼ֮ԻңֻԻʷ
ҿʷһǰȥ֪²ãһ־ļͷץȥ
ǸֽŮ˿ҪʷͻȻڿзһֽУֻ־ϳųָףһѰѷСʷؿھץȥ
Ů˵ĶޱȣۿָҪץʷؿڣҴһеľֱֻۿȥ
ֻžһŮֱֱӱһ󿳶ˤڵϣʱǸŮȴǷһĺУΪʹǳ˷ŭ


93 ػ
Ů˵ֻƱ󿳶ϣžһ˵ϣϵȴûѪҺһϿ˿ڴֱ۾ȻпյģȥֽͲһ㡣
ͷϵ亹ֱðֿһ۵ϣֻҿϵֻһڵͱֻҲֽģ
ʱŮ˺ܽĽ̵ҵĶĤۣȻűҿϵֱֻۣǾ˹
Ҵһһѽʷĳ󣬿ޱȵڿڴһħһŻɫķֽƮƮŮ˵ĶͷƮ˹ȥȻϡ
ħһŮ˵ͷϣ͵һͣԭأȻ󷢳һȸղŻҪҵĺУӾǱƤһٵȻĵ˵ϡ
ȥֻŮ˵ӶѾȥ·ڵϣͷĺڷѾˣֻһԲԲԴ
Դףû˼ͷϸһɵĵһԴȻҲðֽɣ
Ů̱ڵϣװŵߵǰ棬ľ·ȥŮ˵·û壬֫Ȼñİֽɵģ
ʷʱҲ·ֽˣһӾȥְ·ֻֻһֽˣֽ˸ֽ߳˼ȫһ
⵽ô£ʷʱͷ亹ֱʣ·ʵɫ׵ˡ
һ۵ϵǸֽˣֻӶý׵ӲֽɵģΨֻؿڵλһĴָСĺɫС㡣
ǸɫСɫʮֵʺ죬ȥǷֵĴۡ
Ҷ׵ϣָһֽؿڵĺɫС㣬ǾȻһѾ˵Ѫ顣
ĴָСѪ飬ҲɵĸоЩ֣˵ѪҺԺ󶼻ᷢڷϣԲһʺ졣
ָһѪϸϸĹ۲һ£ⶫѪʱкȻһʦ˵һа
аػʩոȥ˵ľѪ⾫Ѫ˵ıԪһھֻһΣξѪľҲܿʧ
˵Ѫ˵ԴϾһаػʩܹķѸոȥ˵ıѪڱƳȻξѪڱ֮ϡ
˸ǻûļظдξѪ֮ϣԿػ֮˾ͻڱƳξѪ֮Ƶ֮ľӶȥ֮˵ĻﵽԼĳЩĿġ
ҿ˵ϵ֮һۣʷźпܾǱֿػ֮סˡ
ڵʷȫˣһѣڵԵɭɭһʷʾȳȥ
Ժ棬ֻһվſڣͣ̽ͷ̽ԣǳϽʵСʦô¡
ҿһһֻ϶Ǹղܵʱˤã뵽һû
ЩŹ֣ɩ˿ػʷ˵
ҵĻʷ̧ͷĶңɳƵʵʲôػ
Ҽ򵥵İɿػһ£ʷ֮ɫְ˼֣ȴŴͣĳԾ
ûиʲô˽³ʷЦСʵ
ֿػ˵Ļǣ겻ܵظͶ̥תǼΪĶһ㲻׵ĶãǸޣΪĳĿġ
ҵĻ֮ʷһ£ڵ˵ЩţҲ֪Բ򵥣üͷһ£Ȼҡҡͷ˵ӵʱȻɵĶµ飬Ǹ˵ûн¹ӣղˣҲûи˺Ҫ˵һ벻
ҵ˵ͷʷԺţ˳ȥһǹɭϢȻ޴棬ҸϽڵ˼ʿ
ʷ˵ûи˽¹ӣŵĻȴǱÿػˣ˵Ҫʲô
Ȼĵʣڸûаͷȫ֪ôʲôطʼ顣
ʷڵϣͷરવĲͣĳ̣ʵﻹûݣ
ʷҡҡͷ˵ҴСǸ¶ҲûֵܽõģﻹʲôݣҲڵʱҽԺĻʿչ
ʷ˵꣬ͻȻһǿػ֮ѡʷ֮ǰ϶Ҫֹ˽ģԲոȥʱڵһʱȡıѪ
뵽Ҷʷ˵ҽԺǿȥҽԺ
ʷסԺǸÿػ˿϶ȾͽӴʷţҽԺʷһסԺĲ˻ҽʿͺпܼˡ
һ·ɱҽԺҽԺ棬ʷѺסһĲ˶һ飬ֵǣЩ˶˵ʷ֮ǰûʲôˡ
һҸˣûİˣôܻᱻ˽Ѫȡ
ȥҽͻʿһ£Ҳûзκε쳣
ڹ棬һʱ䶼û⡣
֪ǰǸкδ̫̫ϰҲˣ˵಻֪ʲôȥˣˡ
ʱԱ߹Сʿʿڵ˵⻰Ȼǵѹúܵͣһ
ѽ̫ˣ˵ֹһ˵ĿǰҲˣؼûǵϰҲˣҶǱ˸࣬ⶼǵˣ϶˯ʿ߱˵ǵѹúܵͣЩʮֵĺ¡
ǵĻ͵һǰͿ˹ȥʿ
СʿЩ£ͻȻǸŵСףͽ˳
һûü˵ʲôǼһȴʿ˸ƣʾǱȻһ˵Ҫ£Ǿ죬ļġ
һ治ɵЩһһ˵еʱǣؼʱӷӦǺܿġ
˵˵󲢲ôСʿǱסˣЩµ˵֪ʲô
ŵòСʿĿһȻʵǸղ˵ô£
Ȼ£Ѿȫ鰸ľ죬Сʿ֪Ķȫǡ
ԭ¿ʼҽԺ˲ˣЩûм죬ǵϰҲˣֵЩ˵ϰ鶼Ǻ
Щ˶ڵסһϰҽԺȥʣһˣûм춼˷Լļļһģһÿ˵ؿڶһѪĴ󶴣Ǳʲôڳһ涼ࡣ
̫аԣԵصľϢвѾ֪ˣСʿǵҽԺõľˡ
˵꣬˵˵ͷ˵ллǵϡСʿϽˡ
Ҷŵ棬ͷһֲõԤУЩ˾ԸǸػѲĹϵ


94 
ڹһᣬȥǼҷļ濴ʲô֡
Ȼַ֪СĿ϶ʹˣѴҽԺ֮ǾʹһַȻ⳵ֱɱ˹ȥ
ҲסڼԺ棬ǼƽѾ˾ߣȻǰ죬ǿԶԶĹ۲һ£ľԸԶ·ҲԸ⿿ǸԺӡ
ʷ˸ɫȥװߵԺӵĺ棬ԺΧûаˣǸȥ١
ǽǽӶ˽ȥķûйأţһֻۣĵѪЩѪѾʼɣɫ΢΢ڣȻѾмʱˡ
ǴǸʮ˼ңǰ˷ڼģѪˡ
߽䣬ֻ̲ѪмиεĿյأŵĵط
ʷ˸ƣ˿ʼڷ
ܳǿǸոշֿͷһУŤͷֻһǽǣľš
˳Ŀ˹ȥֻǽ濿һˣǸһֽˡ
ֽ˲ʷǸֽһֽûд·ȥǷɥõֽˣҲܾΪһ㣬ֽ˲Ųû𾯲Ļɡ
һֽ˱˻ĿʲݣҿźϤΪʷǸֽ˵Ŀǰֽʮֵ
㿴֣΢΢Ŷ˵ֽ˴ֱֻۣûʲô쳣ֵָ֮ȴմѾɺԷڵѪ
ֽմѪ֣ҸоЩѣʷ㿪һ㣬ľħСĵ˹ȥ
ֽϵѪĿģһҲҴ⣬֣һӶҲһ¡
ҵĵȫǶģֱߵ˸ǰֽһýһӣֻһ¾ͽֽ˸ͱ˸
ȻֽûжҲҴ⣬ǰһһӾͽħͷϣŰľֽ˸ŵڵء
ֽ˸ƽʱɥõֽ˼ûʲôֻؿڵһѪֽؿϵѪʷۼҵĲһǸֽؿڵѪǴ۵ʺɫֽؿڵѪѾڡ
Ѫ飬϶ҲһڵľѪֻֽѾʧȥãǸػѾؾѪϲдĻջأԾͱ˺ɫ
һͽֽ˵ͷȻԺӣʣµҲȥˣ϶һÿ˼Ҷһֽˡ
鵽ڣеָǸػˡ
˵˭ôĿʲôأ
·ϣһᣬЩ֮󣬱Ҫٶʱڱ˱ƳѪò˶þͻظôػ˿϶˸֮ʱܹӴߵˡ
뵽ƺһüĿܹ˸ܽӴʬ˿϶ҽԺ棬ҽԺǽ⿪һĹؼ
üͷ֮һӴʬĿ϶ҽԺҽ߻ʿЩǻаĿԲ
ҽͻʿĿвôʬͻᱻͽ̫ƽ䣬Ҳͣʬ
뵽һӾڵվͣʬ
ͣʬǵطϤĺܣΪûȥɭĵطĸо⿪һŵĵطʮа˾žǸҽԺͣʬ
ҰԼۺͶʷ˵һ£ȻֳҽԺȥʷŻͣʬ棬㹻ɽȥ
ͣʬ䣬ǿŵǸͷһֻۣ˴Լʮ꣬һĺ£ݣȥ·һ綼ܰ
ͷȻݵĸ˲࣬һ˫۾ȴǾȻһҸоһ⡣
̫ƽźһӱˣ˴ߵͣʷŵͣʬ񣬴֮ת˳ȥ
ҽĶͷıӰоһ˵ϢϢҾЩһʮΣյϢ
ѵǸаĿػ֮˾氵뵽
ҰĿ˻ϸĿ˿ʷŵʬ壬ͻȻһµķֻ֣ʷŵͷҲ蹬λãͷ棬ͷƤ֮ϣһԼ幫ҵСڡ
ǸСϸͷ棬վǶȣͲ׷֡
ǰȥְʷͷͷֿһҲ˿ڡ
˿խ룬ǱúܷĵӸģ蹬ȥĵط￪һڣȡѪõĵط
һʷȻذϱͷͣʬ˽ȥ
ǲǸղŵǸͷҿøһ϶ʲôöͷ˵
Ǹŵͷҵĸоܹ죬ʵڼĵһҾЩɣֻǸûʲô֤ݡ
߳ͣʬ䣬ʱҸоЩתͷһֻǸֵĿվͣʬԱߵһСſĿǣ۾һҾûë׶ը˿ҸоһǿҵΣա
ҺãֻǿһۣȻת߽˷䡣
תݣҲɵĸеһɣ氵һҿһʷֻǵɫҲķףղǸҲǸоΣա
û˵Ĭ˳ȥȵ̫ƽԺӣݺݵһĭ˵ͷ⣡
Ҳ֪ͷ⣬ܿǸصĿػˣΪҽԺҽʿ֮⣬ǵһӴЩ˵ˣΪʬ̫ƽ棬㹻ʱ䡣
С磬ô죿ʷʵ
ͷҾҪúõĵһ£ػ֮аǸػֺ˲ˣûʷŵԭҲҪһܵġ
ǸͷҵĸоʮֵΣգȻȥݵֻʣһĹͷӣܸоҪĸҾԲĶֵġ
ʦ˵޵֮˽ǲϣֿػǺ˵аȻ֪ܻΣգܲӲܡ
һʷ裬治ɵеʯͷǸһı±ҪǿĶ࣬ҪڸǰҲôĵ
ʷҲ˵ǰ죬ͷҲʲôҪǼױ֣򵥵ĳ˵㶫ĵҹĵ
콥ĺҽԺС̫ƽڵǸСԺӣطһ˾ǴҲҪƵߣڸǼӰ
Ǹո߽Ժӣ͸оһ粻֪ںδֱ꣬һļƤ


95 µ
ϵģ̫ƽСԺԵɭֲһȥ͸оƽһ磬ֱ˵Ĳ̲꣬סĴ˸¡
ſڵһë˽֮ͶǴëĺ棬̧ͷȥֻ̫ƽǸ洫谵ĵƹ⡣
͸ڣԿһСӰڴߣ֪ڸʲô
ô죿ʷյҸǰʵ
쿴ͷʱҾ͸оʮֵΣգ˿²Ķ֣ðȻжˣǼֲô
ʷ˸ƣԭضĿľҪͷû쳣
ǾĶë棬ͷ֪浹ʲô׵ǽŶҲбĶ
ʷվӣҶ˵ȥڸʲô
ʷҺҪõĶ࣬Ƕȵҹˣ˻ûа㶯ȥ鿴һҲãͷϵϢ̫ΣգʷСһ㡣
ʷ˵ͷèǷӵĴȥĽڵϸèһûз
ֻʷŴڶλã̧ͷһۣȻϵǿɫܹ͵һ£ǿ˼ΪֲĶһȻʷӣһһ˻
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ۿʷѾ˵ëԱߣȴ͵ظҲ֪ΪŻǲȵʲô
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ͬһʱ̣ǸķҲһ˸˿һСӰſڣеͳĺȵʲôˣ
˷ǳиոպȳ۾Ѿǲë˹ֽ߬еľѾ׼Ҫƴˡ
˭֪ʱԱȴͻȻһèС
һһŤͷһֻǼһԼıӣѧĽǳı棬ôֱ治
ֻվſڵǸС跢èһĭв֪ʲôתȥˡ
ҲɵĨһͷð亹һ´Ĵָ벻һȻֱ¡
תͷʷʵղſʲô
ʷͷ亹ֻ̧һѣЩĶ˵ֽˣǸֽˡ
ĻҺһۣʮа˾žǸػˣֻƲĶ֣ô죿
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˶һҿ˴£ҪŵӣѾǴҹˣҪȥ
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ҽԺλþڳǽһ˴ߵľ񲢲࣬ʱǴҹԽһҲûС
Ȼ·һûУǸȻʮֵĽʱĻͷֺüζ㱻ˡ
һ·߹˴֣һڵĺͬڣͬû·ƣһƬֻ˵һ߽˺ͬ档
ǸϽҲȥһ˵һſڡ
ǾĵһᣬȻҲǸſڣ̧ͷһطǸУдż֣Ʒר
վſڶʱЩָɥ£ҵרŵɥƷĵطֵطܻɾĶȥ룬ҹʱ
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һԵǸµˣطŪһµֻ꣬й뵽ҾͲɵĴ˸¡
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Ƕ棬ĵǸ˳ֱ춼ˣֻһӰںͬ˳
ӰҽԺͣʬĿͷǰĺڰ¾ʧǵ
֪϶ǻҽԺȥˣûиȥµҪص㣬ϲҽȥȵȫˣҵط򵥵ĳ˵㶫ȻǸͬȥ
ȻѾˣͬ滹ɭЩ˷
ߵſڣʷ̧һȺɫľţǰ㶯ҲûУ汻ˡ
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һ͵ˣͷҰףһƣ¶ƤѾ˺ɫ˰ߣʧŵһ˵ζ
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96 
˱Źֵͷŵòᣬֻͷһƣһʢľջһǡ
㿴㿴ͷһһĲڣҲ֪˵ʲôŵš
ͷ̧ͷһۣҾúЩһ裬һźͬ˹ȥ
ͷӦûں涢ǣӦΪҸоԼıһܣո߳ͬ洫һƵӦͷŸˣŤͷһͬȻͷӰ
϶ôôˡͷ˷ţЩɬ˵
ղǸͷҸоʮֵѹ֣ʷӣǵĸоҲ࣬Ÿղͷһ˫ǵĵǷ·ܹ̽۾Ͳɵһ
鵽һһﶼ֪Ҫôˣ̫ƽ俴ŵǸСͷǸղż˶ǲ׶ԸģƾҪӲûϷ
ҪǱ轨鵽
ĻҲɵĿЦһ£һжƶϳģûʲô֤ݣܵȥ˵ᱻΪ⽨ŸץΪͲǡ
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ûֻǵǸزŵĵ绰绰ֻһ¾ͱ˽ͨˣȻ˵ҪӢۣ˳Ĭһ¾ԵƬ̣ȻͲ洫һŲӦȥ֪ͨʯͷǸһˡ
ʱЩֿ⼸ˣͦʯͷǼһģҲ֪ڹô
ûжã绰һͷʯͷЩͳЩߴһѡ
ʯͷһӺ䵭ƽʮ䲻֪һﲻ֪ܻܲشһ䣬҆˰죬Ȼ֪ش𼸾䣬ĵһ䣺ô
Ȼֻм򵥵ļ֣һĿ˵ԵЩӲ֮һǺܸжΪһĿ˵ִŹĻѾѵˡ
鷳ȻҰ⼸鶼һ飬ʯͷڵǸʮֵأȨܴ󣬵һμʯͷʱӳƴӵģǲ֪ͨһµصľ죬ȥҪǿˡ
˵꣬绰ͷʯͷĬһ£Ȼ˵һҴ㡣Ȼû˵ʲôֱӹҶ˵绰
֪ʯͷӣ϶ҪϱȻܸϢ
ʯͷ˵ҿ϶ʳԣȻûаСʱҵĵ绰룬ӦΪҸͿʾ
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ʱ˵ʷΪķӦҸһĻĺܹˡ
ʷǶţɫЩףȻĵ˵ͷʱһһֲõĸо
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ҵͷ£ȴĿʷҵԺ汻һ㱡ĺ֣ǲһ㱡Ժӵ档


97 լ
ɫͨ˸ͿҲҪվܿóʱʯͷҲ˷ĿɨһۣȻĶʷԺļ
ʷԺĽǶЩͨûʲôֵĵطʯͷȴĶԺǽһȻһֻèһԺǽɿ˹ȥǵһνԺӵʱǿ
ֻʯͷߵǿǰͣӣ۾Ķ
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ʯͷû˵ָָ̧ͷ˳ȥȻ쳣ֻȻ˸ڿһƴСĶڣʱǶһ
ǸʱķĹâһСӡ
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Һʯͷּۿ죬һץסҵӣʱͷϵ亹ֱ䣬ΪȻһͷ
һСͷ­ֻг˵ȭͷСӦǸոճûûһ˵С
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ʯͷû˵õСԴ˳ȻһǿĲˣҲûȥǿԴõ
ʱԺǽʷҲǸСԴŵòĽеܳʲô
ǸСͷ­֮һǸѾһΧƿĵطʣԾ⼸顣
ʯͷһǸСԴ˳ֶȥһСУȻʯͷǽһߣϽǵһŴ£ڵһȡһѪСӺһСͷ­
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СĵߵǰֵⷿĺܣֻһǣҲԵرĹ졣
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ⷿҲûһҾߣԵÿյģһⷿ˶̲סĵһΪȻûмҾߣǷܵǽȴǰ˰ɫֽˡ
Щֽ˶ǽϣû۾ĬĶǣ


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ⷿŵֽв°ٶҪһǸǿпͷˡ
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һ߽˷䣬ֻⷿӵʮƽСĿЩһһֽ˸ûбĶ
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氵ǣǰļһֻҪҺһʲôһͷܣǶ϶׷Ҳ׷Ҳ֪ҵùԺŵù
ҲûôˣΪֽѾҺܽˣҷһ󺰣Ͻӿ˽Ųֻⷿôط͵ͷˣȻû׷裬ɷôǶȻ׷ңҲ׷ࡣ
ǴȦһֱǰȴͻȻͣ˽ŲûüɲݺݵľײıϣЩûаҵıӸײơ
Ҳ֪ʲô飬̧ͷһֻĶǰ棬ǰЩǽֽ˶ʱվһӰ
վĶƤֽ˼һģһһЩֽͨ˶棬˲׷ֱ棬ղǾȻûз֣
ڿܳһƤֽˣ氵пֽ࣬һһҵ˹ͳһѷֽ裬սеľ˵ƴˡ
ӹֽ˵ͷ׼ƴʱǵض֮кȻһ󺰣ʯͷӰ˳
ʱһʼ׷ǵǸƤֽۿҪ˵ˣֻʯͷȥһţֱӽֽ˸ߵԱ߷˳ȥ
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99 Ƥ
ƤĶȥֽˣȴпյģһļϣоǿһľͷҵİһľ飬ҪǣⶫȻ֣ҵĲӾץ˹
ֳץ̧ͷһҲǲҰޱȣͿȥΪį}ˣ˵ָ㲻̫֪ҪǱץס군
ҸϽһһɵ˵ϣһҵҺۣ˭֪ǶȻץ
ҿӾҪҵϣǲҰ׵ֻֻʣڶ۾һëҸϽ̧ţž˹ȥ
ʱŵĹǺǱҲˣһþȫ˭֪ǶؿϣȻֻĻζһ£ûн߿
治ɵİ˵⾿ʲôģȻôҸղſʯͷһŽһ߷Ҳûʲôѽ
Ƕڲͣѹֻ˫ĶסţʱҺ洫Ĵ죬ӦʯͷѾһֶˡ
Ƕĳ棬ҵĽŸͶסҵȸѹһۿҾҪŲסʱⶫԱߴҸģ
ȻͼһֱĹţһ㣬ԱſҪѹϵĶ͵س˹Ȼһ죬һһֱӾͽǶײԱ߷˳ȥҸоϵѹʱûˣϽڵ
ȻǶײ˳ȥԼҲܣֻһﵹ˼ɫףŰӾͶ۵˵ϡ
ҿһϽôˣ
̧ͷҽе뵽ʲôģˡˡ
ҸղýųסǶʱѾоˣ岻֪ʲôɣޱȣղһ°ײɣǸоƸײǽҲ˶١
ӣ֪һ˱ײһ֮⣬ûˣҲͲתͷ˱ײڵصƤֽˡ
ֻǶһӱײõ˵ϣõǵϵĶڴʱʷԴֻһڶð˳ƤֽҲպתͷһ˵øҪһ顣
үеʷһУŵɫ԰ףԴֿٵ˻ȥһҲǵùÿθҪǹһƤɵģ˭ҲܲˣҲҿʷӴ㣬һ˹͸ˡ
ʷȻԴ˻ȥǶȴǷһУһͷ˶棬Ҫȥ׷
İѰӶѾ˶棬ͷ󼱣ⶴĿռʮֵխʷȻֲû֣Ҳסⶫ
Ҳˣһ嵽ڣ˫־ͱסǶһȣⶫӻ꣬һӱסȾͣȻ洫ʷⶫĽ
ҺȻⶫͻȻ˺ö࣬ȻЩȥ١
̧ͷһֻʯͷһһƤֽ˴ķ츲أȴżվҶ󺰵æ
̧ͷڵһܳϽ˹һһֻţĽǶסˣƾ治ͣĽлҲȥˡ
ֱⶫСȣľһͱǼһ˵Сʦɱⶫʺͱ
ûһΪ⼸ȥоͱľͷһûвȥ֣˵Щʲôģ
ǱŵСҲʮֵĳأӲģһ˺ⶫϺŵֽ·뿴ⶫ嵽ʲôɵģǿĶȴĵҲû³
ֻⶫ¶СҲƤȻһƤɵģƤΪʣܿСϵë׻кë
ƤӲģԲ˵壬ǿŶģľǲƤ¶ɫĶ
ҶһƤȻľͷⶫƤȻȫľͷ
Ƥ¶ľͷһ֪϶ǱаɵĿˣֿʦ˵ƤϱĶȻɿָӵĿܣƤܡ
ƤľͷͲ˵Ĺؼطʩ˻ķ䣬ͨƤ֮£ҲЩܵĺϣ
ʱԱͻȻʯͷһƺߣȻһҺϽŤͷȥֻʯͷѾǸƤֿܷһξ룬ʱʯͷͷϵĺˮֱ䣬أȻ˲ٵҵĵǣʯͷһڶˣ¶ĺɫģʵļ⻹ǸֵĴĺͣ
û°ɣʯͷӣҵĵ
ʯͷû˵ҡҡͷʱƤ˹ҸϽʯͷ󣬰ⶫƤʯͷҵ˵ͷӭǹֳȥ
Ѿ֪㣬ƤܱϾǻˣж϶ЩӲڵʯͷӦܹԸ
һۣ˵Сʦô죬ҪҪ
˵ͷеƤܱȽң˶һ룬ֱסϲ½˲ܡ
ڼȻ֪ⶫˣҾ
ʷûѽ溰һɤӣղƤȥĺܿ죬ҵʷһûˡ
Ҷ˵˶ٴˣңҸպȥ洫ʷЩԹ
ĻЩ붼ʱˣһȻôӦûʲôˡ
˵ͷȻһƤܵ˫Ⱦ
û뵽һƤܵӾȻûжһĭ˵ʲô
˳ⶫֳסˣǲҺ˼Ƕһ
ʷ磬ʲôôⶫ賶ɤ溰
һֽгʷ磬ʷ˾ֿڣȻʹֳֻܳأöŹ֡
ҺһۣȻ溰磬һ⣬ɿʰ
ʷӦһҺ豧Ƥֻܵţͣ󳶣͵ʷŪɿ˫֡
˭֪˰죬治ͣĴʷǼһһǰһֱͲ㣬ʲô໰˵ó˰ȻûһģƤܵڰ˴һ顣
Һͷ亹ܲˣŶ溰˵ʷ磬˻ҹҲѽ춯ģ
ʷʱͣȻǾһﴫһУ׼ˣĽûãƤҲһУҸоһϽɫ˳ȥ


100 ɢʬ
Ҳ֪ʷʲô취ƤˣҺһһȾͽ˳
ƤһҾʹһһӾ˵ĺϣľͻϵֽ·¶Ƥ
ʱƤҲһ󺰣˫ڵһţҪվҸоԼﵽһƥϣʱ򲻸Ҵ⣬Ҫǵվɾˡ
ıһֻ¶ĺĻһǶһֵķ䣬ʲôҲʶ֪϶Ƥܵڡ
һ֣ľƤܱƤȻһƤͱһӸ룡
ƤֻµƤҲһ͵һ٣ͨһ͵˵ϣʱıϣû뵽ⶫȻ˵͵һˤǰ͹˹ȥ
ǰǸڣ氵п࣬һҪˤȥƻˤ
˭֪ۿҾҪˤȥˣǶðʷԴһʵڹùǸƤܣһֱӾ˹ȥ
ҵ°ֱʷԴ˶вͣĴһĲҽҵûôˣоǲȵʲôҲ֪ʷԴǼ
ʷĲҽ˫Ͻڶ˳
һҾ͵ͷȥֻʷڶףߺģͷǱ
û°ɣЩ˼ʵ
ģ˿ˣʷһ໰ݺݵ˿ĭȻߺվ
Ӧû£ҸϽڵֻʯͷڻںһֻƤܴѷ֡
̲סҪȥæʱֻʯͷһޱȵĴܵƤܵıеĺڵһһӾͿƤܵĺϡ
ʯͷһǴ£Ƥܵı£ֻһ죬ƤܱϵƤһֱӸ
Ƥ췢һҽУһͨһ͵˵ϡ
ʯͷһͷϵĺˮеĺڵ˹һʷǼһﱻҵĲ˵֮⣬ûˡ
ڶϢƬְ̣Щֽȫһ飬ûٷֿܣҲɵһ
𣡾ڶϢʱǶȴͻȻһƵĺͬ޵ĺһ㣬ԵЩơ
ǶŵվǸӴӴĶڣ洫Ĵ̱ǵѪζͻͻֱһʮֲõԤС
ղŽеʲô⡣תͷʵ
Ƕûлشֻʷ䲻ȵ˵֪ȥѽһղűҵĲᣬ˵Щơ
ٺЦ˵Ȿ²УҪȥҲʷͷ
ΪʷľǱ˽ʷ磬ô˵ƿǹġ
Ȼʷ֮һҪҸϽ˵ˣˡһƤӹ򶼲ƻҪ
ȻղһͬҰһĺиǲСѹǴһǾȥ浽ʲôá
ʯͷǰ棬ȻʷҺ裬½ȥⶴԵΪڳģȴխĿȥ֮һת䣬ⶴھͱֻһǰ
Ҵһ¶ܣ涼ǲӡͨȻǱСһһĸڳġ
ͬѽĲǰʷһǰһ˵
ͬǿ϶ӣô˵治ɵİ֣طѲɻڳģͨͨʲôطģ
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ϸĿһͨϣµЩۼѾЩͷˣԲģѾЩʱˡ
̫խҺֻܳӸչֻһһǰŲһҲ֪жãҸоԽԽѹ֣϶ˮʪˣЩŲסˡ
̫ͨխĿϡԽȥ˸оҲԽԽѣĸ˶ţ
ǰ浽ͷˡҸоҪŲȥʱǰ洫ʯͷžһ죬վ˵ϡ
ͨʵ˱ܣʯͷǸϽǰֻûãǰʷһ߳˶Ѩ
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ֻǰһͬһĶѨⶴѨܻЩںĶڣȥ˾ЩëȻǽŵĻⶴѨмĶһڹײģ
ⶴмʱİڷһڹײģǿڹײĸĹײЩһΪڹײͭɵġ
ֻǿڹײʱѾͭ⣬ܹײ˹ƣȥԵøء
ʱͭһֹصĽôһڹײͭ²ǧһϰ˭Ҳò
ڹײ氵Щ֣˵ЩӵװѵʲôλãطȥһĹѨ
ǿͭײģͻȻ뵽˸ղڶһͬҰһĺУһֺܲõԤУҸղڶҾŵһȳѪζڽⶴ棬ǹȳζӵĴ̱ǣС
ڶĶǿڹײģֻʯͷܿһۣȻüͷ˵ˡ
ʯͷһ˵ˣһﶼһϽֵͲһգȻǵΧҵİڷżʬǡ
ֵͲյĲʬǣһ۵Ľ⣬ЩǵϵĶֵͲĹâ
µĶΪ³Щɢҵʬ֮⣬Ȼ˽鱦Щ鱦ҵһأֵͲһȥ⡣
һ̲סҪȥӸոһʯͷ֣һץסĲӽק˻
קЩҪʯͷΪʲôֹƣʯͷ˵ЩйŹ֡
ĻһﶼһϸĹ۲ЩɢʬǣЩʬȻңǻֱܹĸ˵ʬǣΪֳֻĿͷ
ǶͨԭЩʬϵƤûиãǱɱڽڹͷϣȥԵм֯}ˣӷɵĳ̶ЩӦòʮ꣡
ЩʬǣͻȻоЩΪЩʬʵ̫ңӣЩǰٷ֮Ǳ˸ʬģ
ֿһЩɢʬǣǹͷĶѴ룬ӾǱʲôӲĳ˺һ


101 춯
ЩƵʬɢİڵϣǵĶϿڴ˱ʲô˺һ
Щɢʬǣ治ɵһ󷢺Щ˵Ǳʲô˺ӵģ
ҶӣֵϵЩʬǶϰ˺飬´󶼺Щʬ鱦
ʱʷҲֻڵһǶһССĵ׹úϵţǸɫεĶ
Щ˶ӡʷָǸ׹˵Ǵɽ׵צӣһжаǰҲһ
ʷӹǸ׹һȻĳֶצӣӦʷ˵Ĵɽ׵Ľצ
צӸһͭסͭѾ˼˿ͭ⣬Ǵɽ׵צӺþûдҲѾʼ΢΢ķڣϡĻܿİǾġ
Щ˶ǵӡʯͷڵϵ˵
ҲѾµˣЩ˴ķζϸ߰ʮķװӦжʮңҸеֵǣЩѾõĹеıأΪʲô˳ڴ
ʬŤѵĹͷҵһķЩǱʲô˺Ƭģ̧ͷǿͭףĿ·һѪɫ֡
ôöҪˡ迴ЩɢһصĲƱ̲סˣʱߵǰҪȥá
˭֪ʱռִ֮һƵĺУͬ޺Ǹղ
һﶼŵ˼̧ͷĶǿͭײģΪղŵĺڹײ淢ġ
ǽĶǿڹײģǺײֱðҲûκ
ʱһŵҳǿڹײĳͭɵģͨĹײĸߴ٣Ǵʱȴѹϵ亹һһ㡣
ʲôɢ鱦ˣ棬Сʵ
ҵȻ֪ʲôҲûа취شüͷǿڹײȥֻǹײĵΧΧŵѪɫڷ·һΧǿڹײڲͣĴת
ײװŵľԲͨʬ壬ⶫ˹Ź֣ҸоʮǿҵΣգתͷһʯͷֻüͷҲšһ𣬺Ҳоײ洫Σոо
ô죿ʷŬһĭʵ
һûüشǹײĵĺͻȻЦЦ෢ģĿռǻһ㼦Ƥ
˭͵תͷǵطһɤӣһû䣬ͼʯͷڵһǹײĺ˹ȥ
Źײĺ洫ƵȻͿһӰޱȵŹײĺͨ˹ȥʯͷӰĸӰȥתۼͲӰ
һڣղǵӰٶȺܿ죬ֻĿǸ˵ӰӣǸûпò
ʷʯͷ׷ȥķʵô죿
ʯͷȻ滹֪ʲôŹ֣һ˳Կʷ˵Ǹȥ
Ǻͨ׷˹ȥͨ߶˱ڻطһĹᣬǽϵıڻӦǼ¼˹ƽ¼ģֻڵʯͷ˼ϸ
Ǹ߽ȥǰ治ͣĴȻʯͷƵĺӦʯͷǸѾ֡
ҼҪȥæ˭֪ûԶҾ͸оڳҵӣЩֵתͷʵôˣ
ڵɫ׵ͷϵ亹ˣֻһָָ˵Ǻжš
˳ָһавãԭʱԶƮ⼸ɫӰ
ЩӰȥһѩףֵͲһգͷƤɵһķ飬ǺľȻЩֵֽˣ
ЩֽֽˣƤܣҿЩֽ˵ؿ϶һʺ죬ӦþʷмЩֽˡ
û뵽ͻȻЩҴһǻûӦЩͷƤֽ˾˹
ܣҴһȾܣǼһѣܵǰȥˣǰ񱼣Щֽ˵ٶȱҪĶ࣬ۿҪ׷ˣҧҧʷ˵ܲˣƴ
ҵĻҲͣ˽Ųûֻľվǰ棬ڿڴõħʷ˹ȥȥ
ʱЩֽѾ嵽ҸǰˣҴһһӾڵеľǰһͷȥ
ұΪֽģһȥܸƣ˭֪һȥһ죬ֽ˾ȻһҲûУҵһľ顣
û뵽ֽ˾Ȼ˻ʵһסˣͼֽſ֣ҵͷץȥ
ҴһڵϹľ͹˳ȥЩֽһֻ˹ʣµֻʷ˹ȥ
Ǽһŵ۴УͷܣЩֽ˵ٶ̫죬ܲǣۿֽ˵ֶҪļˣڵ󺰵תȦ
ղһҾͷ֣ЩֽȻٶȺܿ죬ǱϾǻˣЩӲֱ׷ٶȺܿ죬ĻٶȻ١
ҵĻһֽ˾һֽ˵ٶȼ˲٣ȻûнǸ˦һʱҲʲôΣա
ʷʱεض𣬴һһŽ嵽ǰֽ˸ߵһߣʱҵҲ˵ҸǰҸϽڵһһֻĹľ˹һֻ
ұֻֽ˸Ūмѣһȥûֹֽ˳ͷۿָҪ嵽ҵؿڣʱѾˣдУҪ⣡
ͷԱߵʷһֱһžͷ˹ֻһֽ˱ߵббķ˳ȥ
ҸϽڵĨ˰ͷϵĺˮʷ˵ͷʱЩֽ˹
ЩֽӲֿޱȣһʱ֮Ҳǵ㣬ֻǶȦӡ
Ȼܹʱȫǲǳ֮ƣΪЩֽ˲֪ۣǿ֪۵ģ˼Ȧͷ϶Ѿˡ
氵żҪǼȥûбЩֽ˸ŪҲˣҪ취У
ЩֽģͬЩƤܣľͷЩֽ˵ֻ˼Ӳ϶ֽʩʲôаҲ֪ȥƽа
˼ȦʱѾĴ󺹣һʷҲţԳŲ˶ˡ
Ҫô죿ڼľȹϵϣȻͻȻ֮뵽һ취ڿڴͳһѷֽʷȰҺס


102 ǧʬ
ղͷһżҺȻ뵽ЩֽȻΪĸʩаõǹ룬ǵıʻֽֽͻ»Ҫһ¡
ҵĻ֮ʷ嵽һһֻҵֽˣǸҸϽڶķֽȼˣȻһֻֽ˵ĺϾͶ˹ȥ
ȼյķֽһֽ˵ıϣȻһǸֽ˵һӾȼǰ˼ȻӾ˵ϣҵĻ治ͣϴܳ
һãڿڴͳŷֽȼԺʷֽ˶˹ȥʱֽ϶ȼܴ𣬲һᶼճ˻ҽ
ܳѽСʦѽʱǰ洫ļ́ͷһֻһֽ˸׷Ǳ֣ͷĴ󺹣ϵҪþˡ
氵һһϽͳŷֽȼ嵽ǰŽ׷ֽ˾Ͷȥ
ֽһӾͱȼˣ۵һֱſ˵ϣĴ
ҺʷҲ۵Ĳᣬʱ滹ڲͣĴƺʯͷڸղŵǸ˽֡
ϢľҪȥʯͷܲܰʲôæ˭֪ҸոתҵͻȻٺٵЦ
˷ЦЦһļƤ͵תֻڴ߹һ˵Ӱӡ
Ȼҵ󣬻ҵлֽ˶ˣǼСһﻹͦ͵һߵǵĸǰ
ֵͲǰһգֵͲĹâϣüͷһ£Ҳò˺Ȼ̫ƽ俴ŵǸݵͷ
˿ȥʮͷ˸һرɭĸоһֻˮĴżϢ
㵽ʲôˣЩŵʵ
ûлشңĿ˵ɨһ飬ȻֺٺٵЦ˵벻ǾȻܹҵ⣬ǿĶҲͲҪȥˡ
˵Խ˵Խͳȵһ£͵ضɿޱȵһž˹
Ȼһֱڰн䱸Ǵһ˭Ҳû뵽˾Ȼ˵־ͳ֣һ̫죬ʷȻվҸǰǸȡ
˵һžѾߵҵؿڣֻüֱ̧۵ؿϣȻһֱߵ˳ȥ
һߵҵĸ첲ϣʱʹһۣҵؿػڿնֱӷɳȥףһƨɾ˵ϡ
ʱʷһУȥ˾ͲһϽܵҸǰʵСʦû£
ұһߵֱ۸һβһۣ̲סҵĿղһƨڵϣƨҲ۵
ڵЪ˰㻺̧ͷһʷȻסǸˣǴ˵ϿʷҪܶ࣬ôһĹѾֺüζ㱻˸С
˵ĲеʷȻǿܵסǳ顣
ȥæһȻڵվһ󺰣սͳ˹ȥ
˵ֱҪ̫࣬ǳ嵽ǰȴȫ岻֣һһ㣬ľ׼ͷӰһӣȻ˲Ҳַ񣬸ʷȡϢʱ䡣
Ҳ˼ΣǶǱ˸ߵ«һĹ˻ˤͷĶѪ
ʷҲ˼֣ɫ԰׵ĸֽһǶѾѪˡ
˵̫ãò˶ǻᱻʰˣ漱ùǺҪϽ취ѽ
ȻԴһɢŵЩ鱦Ͻľ棬˵ȶס
ȻҾȥЩ鱦ԲεģҪùϣ϶ɸţͨڹ¡˵ģ˵ܰ
һ·СܾͳͨĴҺȻЩԾΪѪζŨ˼֣ҷһֻͭײѪɫҲŨ˲٣Щ£˵ѲײĶʲô仯
̫࣬ʷ֪ܳŶãڵϻһ飬·ţҪȥ
˭֪ʱǹײִһУεĺǰҪ࣬·ĶѾ˹һ
Уϵë׶ըˣавãҪܣͭײͻȻһ죬ҷȥֻͭײĹ׸ǴʱѾ߸ߵķȻһҵǰԶĵϡ
ͭ׸ǳޱȣһҵĳ˶סˣʱײͻȻ˻һ
⻩ȥǽײֻһɫӰڹײվ
Ӱ氵еù˵Ҫʬѽ¿鷳ˡ
ֻڹײվӰĸߴ쳣нף𾪵ǣ˵ϾȻ¶źĿףͷҲߣڵʵʵġ
ȫ˸ˣӣǰ϶Ǹ
ʱ׵˻Ķתͷͷһ˫۾ɺɫĹâҡ
ұ۾һϣʱû˲֪жˣϵĿ׾Ȼһ⼣ҲûУմѪЩѪûиɣϿ׵ıԵһһεµ䣬˾Ѫˮһ
ңҲ˵ûпһ˿ĻŨŨѪζ˵֮Ϸ·ĴŨŨɱ
ʱǸ׵һ̧һֻţһͿ˹ײġ
ڽĶңͿʼëˣ˰Ҳû⾿ʲôͷϴŽʬеŨŨǽʬ֮һ֣ΪǵܽӲؽڲܻǿĽʬӰĽʬ·һһģҲгġ
һʼΪⶫҲǸʬڹײһʱһ㽩ӲĸоûУʬܻؽڣпܲǽʬ
ڿѾ˳Ҳ˲ϸ⾿ʲôˣһϽͷܡ
һܣҲͷһǶȻ׷˹ŵû⣬Ͻӿ˽Ų
ûþܵԭĵطʷ軹ڸǸ˴һǴһˣϽܣ
ҵĻǶһ£֣ͣʱ˶˸ĶŵĲڵֱʷɫ׵
ֻǸˣĶʱһ£췢һЦдеǧʬֱһˣ


103 ˮ
ǸҪܣ˵ֶͣͷͻͻֱȻǱ˸ѵģ
ֻǸ׵ʬѾ嵽˽ǰ˷ǵûжתʬ˫ֺǰв֪ʲô
ǳĹ죬ľӣһĳֹصԡ
˷һһҲԶʱڲ֮ʦõʦҲͶ򵥵ļе˼˷
ʱӣȻۼΪ䣬ªҪԿˮޣ֮Щ˾ͲͣѰʵأ֮еȻЩӶܹЩЩ˱Ϊףÿһ涼𾴵
û뵽Ǹ˾Ȼʹʧ˲֪𾪣֣˷ѲɾΪ˿Ǹʬ
ʬⶫ󲻸õʬ壬Ҳǳ˵ʪʬЩʬȻḯãǲʬһᶯҲκε˺ľǳɳѳ׷˵ʬ塣
ʬǲᶯģʱѾܹȷ϶ʲôʬѵġ
ֻ֮ʬѾ嵽ǰۿҪײӣȴͻȻͣԭſֱҲһҲһ˫ɺ۾Ķ
ֻ̧ͷ̧֣ʬҪߺö̧࣬ظʬϵĿףͬԼİıϹŹЦݡ
ʮǰǲСİˣЩ˶ˣֻһְˣѾҵˡһ߸ʬһ߷ĹЦèͷӥĽһ㣬һ
ǰһĻЩëȻʬϳ˾ȻԼİһ㡣
ʬھվԭأƾ˲ͣĸԼ壬۾ɺɫĹâ֣ͣһֵĴʬ˼һ
ʬȻѣôܻԼ˼ǰֵʬҵԽԽе
ʱ˶ǻתǾ߸ߴʬ˷֮ɫֱֻ۸߸ߵľţĴЦȻɨһۣ˵ǼҲңܹ˯ǰʬһѣҵһǽȥĵһѪ⣡
Ļո£ſֵֻһʬĽһǰһ
ʬߴ쳣ִһصĿף˵ˣվһѹȸҲֱ
ڿָʬתҪܣǼһȴǴһǶһҲһɤӸ
үԹ޳ϾͰǵƨ˰ɣı㣬ǳȥԲ˵
ΪҪأû뵽һȻŵֻ˸ûдǿЦмʬǰһ
ҸϽʷһѣһһܣȻȾ񱼡
һһ߻ͷȥΪʬ˵Ŀһֱ׷ǣ˭֪ҸոʬȻͣ
ʱѾܿһξˣҲûиղôˣʬȻͣ£Щ֣Ҳͣʷ躰Щͷ
ҵͷһۣҲ쳣ͣ˽Ų
ʱͼʬֱͦͦվԭأһҲ˫۾ɺɫĹâͣ˸
ƺҲ֪ʬΪʲôԼͣʱɲͣЩֵҲԽԽ
ƾŬʬһҲȻ֮䣬ֻʬһȻתӡ
ǲʲôʬתͷһﶼɵһ֣ѲʬҪˮɣ
Ҳû뵽ʬͻȻתӣһеҲͣɴ۾ĶǰʬϴŲŵı飬д󺰵ô£ô£
ʬȻܻشǰһʱ˵ɫѾòҰףвͣʬûָӣһһ˹ȥ
ôԼʶʬѾ˸ǰֹͣ˼ĴһӶ͵תҪܡ
˭֪ʬʱҲͻȻӿٶȣϿ׵ĻУ͵ǰһ壬ȻһѾץס˵Ĳӡ
ʬĸߴһ˫Ҳĳ棬¾ֻСӣŲһѾڵ
ǱʸĿɿڴû뵽ʬȻķˮˣ˫ͷ֮²ͣ˸ɺɫ۾ĸоһ˿Ĳ
ֻʬвͣĲӱץסӱҲ
ʱʬͻȻͷַһУȻһֻ֣һѾץס˵Դֻһ죬ҽһӾͱԴ
ֻʬֽ˵Դ˵ϣ˻ڲͣѪӸȻһֻ֣һӾͽ˵棬Ȼ߬ࡣ
ֻʬͳ˵ְ֮Ӹ˵ϣ̧ͷŵ˿Уરવľʹ
ǱǰһĻɵˣʱʷһҵӣ˵Ͻܣ
ĻҲŷӦȻ֪Ϊʲôԭʬˮʰ˻ļһǵһ¿϶ͷԸǣڲܸʱ


104 ɽ
Һ衢ʷȾܣʱǺʬַһУȻǵʹ춯һͷһֻʬ׷˹
Ҳɵŵû⣬ʱȴͻȻһŤͷһֻǼһﲻ֪ȵʲôһӸˤ˵ϡ
ˤæʬٶȺܿ죬ôһĹʬѾ˹־ץ˹ȥ
ʱովʬצѾץ˹һ﷢һУ͵ľǰ˹Ѿˣֻһ豳ϵ·һӾͱʬˣҲƺһǰһ壬£Ѿˡ
Һʷһһҵܵǰĺɨһֻۣ߼ϵ·Ѿһӣ¶Ͽֲ˿ڡ
ֻļϱʬץֲ˿ڣ˿ڴƤⶼѪ˲Ͱ¸ʪˡ
ʱɫףͷϵ亹ֱʣʬѾ׷Ǹûй˿ڡ
Һʷһۣһ˼һֱۣǰ˳ȥʬĸ󣬲ͣķһĺС
Ǽǰ˲ԶֻǰͨӰ·ɵĲһʯͷ͸ղŰߵǸˡ
ҶһֻǸ˲Ǳˣǵһµ꿴ǸͷͷȥѾϵòˣȥõĳ棬һɫĶ̹ʯͷôãȻһҲûа
ܳˣ·ɣһܵǰʷͳɤ˺һɤӡ
ֻʯͷӲһǣ߷ֿʱҲ嵽˸ǰҲ˸ʬ
ʬ³ɭɭĸߴһȥ;ʮֵѹ֣ʱʯͷǸҲ˲Ͻˣʯͷһнӹ裬ڱϣǰͳ˹ȥ
Ǹͷֻһ£ҲǵȾܣ֮£˭ҲԸɵȥǸʬ
ǰ񱼣ʯͷȻ裬ٶȴһҲûмһֱǰ棬ҪΪ˹˼ҺʷܵĲӰˡ
ûжãʯͷͣӣΪǰѾû˵·ͨѾߵ˾ͷ
Ǻʬţǰû˳ڣһ´һﶼɵˣ֪ôźá
Ǳţʱʷָ̧Ŷ˵
ҷȥֻǵֱһʯţʱʯţںĿʲô
ʱĽŲѾԽԽʬѾҪ׷ˣǰѾû˵·һһᣬʯžͳ˹ȥ
ǳ嵽ʯ֮ǰ½˽ȥһȥʹһֻۣһĹѨзһСһѾõľͷײģľҲûʲô
ҲֻǴŵɨһۣʱ滩ĿĦͽŲѾԽԽʬҲѾ׷˹ʯͷŵϣһʯţ˵ʯܹϣ
Ҳһʯţֻֻʯʯգǿǰ󿪺ϵģֻҪһʯžͿ԰ϡ
ʬĽŲѾԽԽҺʯͷʷһۣߵʯ֮ǰ˫һʯ·֨֨Ĺ
ʯһһĹϣ̧ͷһֻʯŵʱվһӰǸµͷ
ʱͷվſڣǾŵɫӦúʯ棬һʯͷ򲻹ڼֲôʬĽŲѾԽԽ˵ҲԽԽš
ҿһȻ˻֣˵
ȻӦòʲôˣԱϾǸˣҲԸ⿴ʬϣ˵Ǹ˵ìܣʬڲìܣʱһǹӦһ¶⡣
֣һ£ƺû뵽һȻĸмҵ˵ͷһ˷䡣
ʱǼһʯҲһʱĽŲѾˣȻʬһ𣬽ʯ֮Ͼʹһ죬Ӧʬײʯ֮ϡ
ȻĸڶĿסʯţЩֲ㽫ʯŸײײǼۡ
ûǴʬĺֽӶĴֿʼͣײʯš
ⶫĴʯűһ¸ײЩ򿪣ĸֻþȫĽʯŸס
ʬһײʮ£޴ǵļۣӦöѾĥˣҪסʱʬײͣ
ҿʯţһƨ˵ϣֻûѾþˣһۡ
ֵһᣬҲûʬĶһһʱʯͷվӣߵĸǰ§ڻ
ʱϲҰޱȣһĴһɫ˫۽ıţѾ˹ȥ촽Ѿʼϣһ˸Ͳôصĺҿӣвɵһʯͷʬ𣡣
ʯͷû˵ҵ˵ͷȻӸ˹ҷȥֻı˿Ѿһϸϸĺɫë
˿˶ĵĺɫëҾͿ϶Ѿʬˣֻû뵽ʬϵʬȻô˻ûж೤ʱ䣬ϾѾʼ˱仯
ֻʱʯͷĬԼеĺڵһʱѪ˳
ʯͷĶЩҲ֪һǵڼθԼˣȥѪ㹻׬޳Ѫ֤ˡ
һѪҪ˵ѪˣΪ˵Ѫܲܽʬܡ
ֻʯͷѪε˿ϣЩ˿ڴϸϸĺɫëһʯͷѪѩϣһգ۵Ĺʧˡ
ҺʷʯͷѪҺãǸµͷȴɴ۾ʯͷǿһ
ʯͷְӸ˹ͣԼѪε棬Сĵȥһ
ҸϽľԼϵ¸һȻʯͷ˿ڸ򵥵İ
һ߸ʯͷһߴһⷿ䣬ֻһѾĹײ֮ҲûбĶ
ǹײĵĸѾ˸ˣϣҿײĵż˿ϣмѾÿݻƵĹͷ
ⷿĹѨĲң⣬ŵӦþǾʬķˣֻĹԵѾ˸ϴһգղŶƿˣʬǶ䵽˵ϡ
϶ǵǻĹɵģʱ뵽˸ղǸ˵ĻԵͽĹѨЩеһ
뵽⣬תͷǸµͷʯͷѾŵ˵ϣźڵվĽ䱸
ǵʲôˣͷֵʵ
ʦأͷûлشǣſʵ
ұʵһ㶣˵ô֪ʦһȻһʵ˵̫ƽ俴ŵǸˣ
ͷ˵ͷһ£ȻЦһ£˵ʦָղŻʬǲ֪ôãƲסʬɱˡ
ҵĻ֮ͷҲһ£ȻǺǵЦɳƵ˵֪֪ҵͲð
ͷĻһﶼһ£֪˵ʲôȻͷһۣĿ˵ҽҵʦܣѫǶǰɽˡ
Ļһ£ɽҲǵĹһһ֧ഫʱңϰնԲûȥĵʿ
Щĵ˾ɽ˵ĹеԼѧĵȥѰĹѨʮþȣҵĹѨ֮һɶ
Ϊָɾ䣬ǳţЩ˱˳Ϊɽˣû뵽˾Ȼǰɽˣ


105 
û뵽Ȼǰɽ˳һ£ȻʵǸô£
Цһ£˵»Ҫʮǰ˵
ԭʮǰʦҲǸѫһӷĹѨ˴һһĹѨĹ񲻵ͣǽ鱦һ°Ӹ˻ˣ׼һھͳ°뱲ӡ
ЩӰĹѨչһ飬ΨĹǿͭײģӷ˾ţ֮ûд򿪡
ѫǰɽ˳ȱ˼ʶҪһ㣬۲죬ͭЩرΪͭĹ˰ۣЩ۵ɷǳ֣ĳֻء
ЩɵĻгһֵͼǵҵһַ䣬ֻһûʶʲô䣬Ե˰Ҳûд򿪹ײġ
ڴҶڹײ޲ߵʱײȴͻȻǲһ죬˲ԣĶǿڹײģֻײŵЩȻˮһͣı任״
ֵһĻ˶ɵۣѫʵղŷʲô
ֻЩһӵ˾֣С˵ѪҵѪСĵˡ
ӽʱϲСˣڻѪղСİѪεͭײ棬˭֪ǹײ͸һһ°ɸŻˡ
һﶼΧǹײĽĶֻЩ۲ͣȻ󷢳ǵһײĵĶһƵײĸ͵ϵʮָߡ
Щ˾Ļأζ˷ܵĲУΪײԽ£ƷҲԽ࣬ؿҪơ
ײĸԼְ˽ŵǰҪ̧ѫüͷȴţĶǿͭײģоһּΪΣյϢ
ѫ˵ΣյĸоʲôҲûֹԼͬ飬Լȴͨ˼
ڣǹײĸǱһ̧˰ͷ˹ȥȻһģôڳһˣ
ǵײ濴һ֮⣬ûеĽ鱦
ģײŪͷһڿˮȻ˵
ѫ֣˻ſᣬλӦǹʱһλ佫
˰ѹײĴ򿪣ûб鷢ѫҲһѲԼˣҡҡͷҲ߹ȥҪǹײ˵ʲôģ
ʱЩְ˽ŵŹײ֣аǸˣڲͣѪӡ
ֻһ֣˿ڴѪ͵εǿ׿ڲλãЩӵĻûнӴǸףͼͷȻһ˫ɺɫâ۾Ȼײʹһͬ޺һĽ
һ°ѴһﶼŻˣҲ֪˭һʬˣ
ȻЩȾܣԱߵϵĽ鱦ںõĵͳ˹
ǹײĽոѫͷһҵϽ˵ǵڴûмܣһۡ
ֻײվһ׵ĸߴӰӰڹײһͿ˳һӾͳ˹ȥһͽ˸Ȼ¾ͽӸ˺ˡ
ӿΣŵû⣬Ƕٶ̫죬ӻû嵽ھͶƬ
ѫ֪Ҫǲܾˣһ˵棬ȥխǶԲӳ졣
ʦܳԺʮһֱǸſ׵ʬ壬֪ʲôط鵽ˣһʬʦһʱͶģʬ⡣
˵һ٣̾һ˵ʦ׳ŵֻһΣʱǾʬѾɵ˹ײ棬һʬǧ꣬ȻŨǱϾǸܹЩӶ˺飬ȫΪӵѪʱĻˣȻʬֳ˯˹ײ档
ʦо˺þãȻԺʬǿıʬģܹܿܵʬһЩ飬֪Ϊֱ⵽ײ档
üͷ΢΢ţֽ˵ʦܾͶ˼ҪһλʬҰæһʼûͬ⣬סңԾͰ
˵ͣ˵꣬ǶһۣѫҲģȻҪһθϧǣʬȻһαѣԼҲʬ档
õʲô취ʱһЩֵֽ˻ЩˣĲµЩ϶ʬйϵ
ʦܴСԾͱҺãʦ̵Ķһѧͻᣬһ֪ʦ͵͵ѧʦĶЩǴĵ
˵̾һ˵ҷѧֶҪʦͲסңһûнҴҺ
֮⣬Ҳ̾һ˳谮СԽǹԽ׳£Ҫֹʦ˵Ҳ
ʦңҰҼܲסңԾ͵֪ʲôطģʬҪѻѪ׽ֻѻŰѪ㣬ʬ档
ѻʬҲѫѻѪʬѾʧҲѹҿʬʱĿ涼ճѪҺЩѻѪ
˰࣬ʬһ㶯ҲûУΪʦҪˣ˭֪ȻܵҽԺ̫ƽ˿ˡȻ֣Ҳˣ˭֪ûзԽԽ˵⣬һĵ̾Ϣ
ԭǰʱ䣬ѫͻȻܵ滹һϺӣ򿪺ӵʱҲסˣӦΪװĲǱĶһ࣬һŸոժ˵࣡
ѫôģȴǴҲ˵ֻ˵ʬֻҪȥʮľѹȻʱͻһʵġ
Һʷһֻۣʷͷ亹ð˳Щֽ˿϶ѫȡĵĹߣҪҸʷҲȥˡ
֪а·ԽԽԶȰΣԼѵʬ棬ҲǱӦϹŰ˵ɫ˵
ʱеŶѾ⿪ˣһжѫڸŪЩֽ˾Ϊ˸ȡõģΪܹǸʬΪѾ÷񣬲Ҳڳ˶
ǣǣ
ǳĬǵܵʱһֱڵϻԲѵȴͻȻ


106 ʬ
ҸϽڵվΪһҪˣ˹ȥ˭֪ҵӸոһͱ˸һץסˡ
ŤͷһץסҵʯͷʱɫأЩֵʵôˣ
ʯͷҡҡͷȻ˵Щһ
ʯͷĻҲһӣղżڻعͷһ룬ղŷǺȷʵЩ죬ϱʬץ˿ڣап࣬ѲһеʬʯͷѪûа취
ֻ赹ڵϵһĶģǾһ˶һһȻˡ
ֻӲͣڵ϶ţҲͣķֹĺǺͳ죬Ȼʬĺм
裬вɵЩżһȻʱµǣÿ·ڵһദôã֪ҲǸѪԵĺӣҿɲʬֲֿĹ
ֻڵϳ鴤˼֮󣬾ȻһӾһ°ָһֻڱǣһ￴ϵı顣
ιû°ɣĺ
˭֪ûлشңǾһҲһ֮͵һֱڵվ
ҸҪٺ˭֪ʱȴ͵תͷϵļŤȥֲһ˫۾ȻѾɺ֮ɫ
ұӸһûüӦͼһֵַ֣ĺǺֻèһڵ͵һҾ˹
ٶȺܿ죬ȫģ𾪵Դ·ˣԿ˹һʱȻû뵽
ۿſ־Ҫ˵ҸǰҸоһɴҵԱһĹ
һᣬֱײһ˵Ļ棬ʯͷ
ҵְǼʵһļϣһھʹһɫСģȥ˵֮
ڵĶЩŤǶͷˣﻹЩ߰뷨ʯͷʵôˣ
ʯͷû˵ҡҡͷı
ʱȴ˵еǧʬʬѾɥʧˣΣ
ȻʬģʬʬȻôʯͷѪܻ⿪ؿҪ⣬ż뵽
ʱһ˸գѿǽʷ˹ȥ
ʷŵõɫ԰ףȻҲ裬²ȥֻ֣ڵһ˿ȥдеϵܣ׷ѽ
ʷһȽҲúܣʹܵʱǰֻʣǸֻֽһ˹ȥ
ûܣҪ˵ԼǰдһһӸ߸ߵԾǸɫĶ̹žһͳĺϡ
費죬ûй˼ɣһ´أֻ跢һֽУź˹ȥ˷һǡ
ŹӣӻҪ׷ȥвɵĴ󼱣ȻڱӣǶ˵ҲԼˣʶûأҪǴ˿ô죡
ҸϽѣ㣬ˡ
ֻ˵ͷҺãҰξͺá
Ȼ˹ȥƺˣǽǣҪܣѾû·ۿҪ嵽ĸǰֻȻתӣǽڣֻǽϣȻһܣȻڻһǽھȥ
ұĶһ˵һôһӾͱ֩ˣȻѧǽĹ
ϸһ£ֻĵطǽ϶˼Ѫָ䵽ĵطмСһȻָӲĲǽ档
ǽȻģҲ㹻Ӳ뵽ָȻӲĲȥҾͲɵĸеһķᡣ
ȥסʯͷѾǽϵ裬ת˵һȻĺڵתֵݸңһٵǰ˹ȥ
ֻ嵽棬ֻڵһӸ߸ߵԾ֣һѾץϡ
ڵڷʯͷ˫ץϣһӾͽһ˵ϡ
Ȼҵ˵ϣǲͣͬҰһǺǲͣĽţڵһڣҪܡ
ʯͷϸᣬһһӾͷϣסֽĸ˵ϡ
ѾȫɥʧԼʶҲˣʯͷס¹Ҫ
ʱǰһеĺɫ̹һĺ棬Ȼͼ֫͵һҲһǱ˹ȥ
ҿ費ˣղõһ£ɵЩĵʵû°ɣ
ҡҡͷȻ˵û£ֻ˹ȥȥҪõöࡣ
ʯͷʱѾ˵¸ҡ
һ£֪һҪ·ʲôֻʯͷֱֻҵ·ӣϵ
ʱѾһָͷ涼Ѫ죬ָ׶ѿˣȥͷ϶ղָ嵽ǽŪãѾûԼʶҲоۡ
ʯͷּһϵ˿ڣ˿ڴһ仯ҲûУвɵ֣˵һʯͷѪô
ǧʬϵʬ޷ɽ⡣ǰһ˵ȻЩֵʯͷһۣ˵Ҳ֪λС絽ôһ£ϵѪƺЩر
ʯͷ˵ͷʯͷۣȻ˵ʬϵ̫ŨϵʬҲĽʬϵʬһĽⶾ취ûá
ҲɵĴ󼱣һҪʬûа취ܹ⿪˿ɾͲˣô죿
ɫ׵һɬʵûа취ܹ⿪
ŵϵ裬Ĭһ£Ȼ󻺻Ŀ˵ֻһ취
Ļһ󼤶˵ʲô鵤ҩҲҪҲȱǮǮ򵽵Ķ˵С˼
ʲôҴʵ
ֻһʯţȻ˵ǸʬʬֻкѪܽⶾ
Ļҵ˰أʬжղҲʶˣҪǸϣ˼ҲǶֻ֣ܵķݣ˵ҪŪѪҺˡ


107 ħ
˵ֻʬѪҺܽ⿪ϵʬһһӾɵˣܴù⣬һҲö㵽
Ǻã淸ˣǲĿҲһʬ̧ͷһʯͷ׼Ҫƴˡ
ʯͷҲһۣҵ˵ͷҲ˵ʲôȻҵ˼
һʷŵϵ裬ҧ˵ģΪֵܣǸƴˡ
ֿ˵ϾˣǲǿһƴܸʯͷôöûܣǸѵõĸ֣ܰæǾ͸ˡ
һҲΪʦֵ˶𣬵ˣôԹۡңͳ˵
æһϲڴһһ£ôҪƴˣߵʯǰʯϣʱ澲ĵģûһ֣ʬѲѾˣ
ʱʯͷǰǴ˸ƣȻһְסʯţһֻǲǲʯžѾǸ˿
ʯһ򿪣һﶼĵĽ䱸ǸֲʬһӾͳ˭֪ʯŴ֮һﶼסˣΪǰտҲʬȻѾˡ
һ´һﶼĵʧղǸʬڴһ׼ƴҪҵ
طӦܲԶʯͷǰ˵ȻתĹ棬˼ϡ
С˳ʱ·ǰߣ浽һţֵͲĹâղ˶Զ
һ·ߵ˽Ǹ棬ûзǾʬҽֵͲѾ˸ӵͭײ棬治ɵ֣Ѳʬܻ˹ײˡ
ǼСǹײ˹ȥԽȳζҲԽԽŨѬҲ㶼Ҫˣ֪϶ǹײѻѪζ
ǵǶվײԱߣһֻײȻװСײճѪҺӦþѫŪѻѪ
ЩѻѪ𾪣˵ɱ˶ֻѻŪôѪ
Ѫڣʬȴ棬Ƕһۣ涼ɵİ֣⵽ܵȥˡ
Χڹײıû˰취ʱͻȻʯͷɫ͵ش䣬ʯͷһӰϵϣ˵һ̧ǵ˹ȥ
͵һͷֻڵĿռ棬ɺС㣬Сһ˫۾Ǹʬ۾
ʬҲ׵ľ룬ϾҪ嵽Ҹǰˣⶫղſ϶ǹˣ䲻ĴǵĴֲ
ⶫôԼ˼άǰһˣľ͹˳ȥǰһץסȥ
ʱʯͷҲѾʬˣһʬ˹ȥ˭֪ʬֻ̧һֱۼǰʯͷֱϣʬӶûлζһ£ʯͷõɶ
˸أʬֳ˹޴˾ɨ˹˼˿ȥʯͷȴǲ˷һʬֱ¾˹ȥеĺڵֱ۾Ϳȥ
ʯͷһþȫҪʬֱ۸Ŀ˭֪һȥֻһʬϵƬױʯͷһҵķ˳ȥǳ֮⣬ʬʯͷһ֮¾Ȼ
ʱʷץסᣬӿٵǰһ壬̧һֱӾߵʬĺ֮ϣߵ΢΢ǰһ㡣
Ż£ʬƺΪջ췢һһƾʯͷȥ
ʯͷһϽˣʬܽȻӶ˹ȥеĺڵȴǱɨˡ
ֻһ죬ʯͷеĺڵֶɣ֪ʬ˦ʲôطȥˡ
ʬתͷʷһž˹һĺܣϸߣһĺܣźܣյĶһš
ҪǰӸոһʬһͳ˹
û뵽ʬȻôһУոǰһֻаĺɫ̹ǰֻһʬһƾͳɫĶ̹档
Ȼͼһ𣬿дһƺߣ˼ҿǶѾѪ˳ղʬһ£Ѿ˲ˡ
ʬȻֻһ棬ʯͷͱ󱻴ˣҿ治ɵİǼһϵǽǣľҪȥƴ
Ȼ˼лʯͷղһʬ˺Ӧģʬ֮ûȥʯͷ˹ȥ
ʯͷûյĶʬιȻȾܣʬֱǸʯͷҲѧ·
үģҿʬҪ׷ʯͷһľҪȥҵӸոһͣΪԱͻȻһֵ
󷢳ģΪĹ죬һһӲģѫҲù
ʦֵܣҲûие֣ǽĶǾʬ뿴ﵽ׶ܲá
ֻеոʬӾ͵ضټ׷ʯͷվԭء
ʱеﲻͣͷϵ亹ֱ£ʬȴǲһͻȻתԴֻɺ۾ַɡ
ʬı飬治ɵİп࣬ΪʬղѫʧصʱҲ顣
ֻʬѾ̧ţ˹ŵøϽܣȴһҲڲͣʱʬѾߵǰ̧һֱۡ
ۿҪʬ棬ǸϽǰ˹ȥ˭֪ȴǾ֣ǻһ£˼ǲǹȥ
ƣ˶ͣа֣Ѳܹʬİ취
˭֪ϵǣʬֺ̧ݺݵľؿڲȥһ㲻
ֻ۵һ죬ؿھȻʬһӸ͸ˣʬմѪƿֲĳı
û뵽һҪȥ󣬿ȴǶǴһ
̧ͷһȻؿѾʬ͸ˣȴһʹ֮ɫһֽѺȻЦ⡣
ֻͷԼؿڣǵطѪͣ£Ȼ֣ץһԼѪҺȻֱ̧ۣմѪָٵʬĿϻʲô
һ۾ϳˣ󻭵ħַʦ˵һ֣ȻڵҸûû뵽ȻửħħԼѪֱӻʬ֮ϣӦø


108 Һ
ʬһʹţѪ˳岻ͣ£ȴûһ˿ĲԼѪޱȵʬϻǸ
ϻвֵַͣǶɵˣ֪ô졣
ֻޱȵĻ꣬ʬҪſУ͵һ٣ȻֵͣһҲֻ۾ɺɫĹâ
ʱֻ΢΢һΣ̧ţһ˿ʬ͸ŵҲ˳ؿҲһ͸ѪѪˮһؿʣȻͨһ˵ϡ
ǸϽܵǰ棬ʯͷס˻ҿؿڵѪͷƤһķ飬ҲҺʬһȥ͸ұţҪߵĻֱӽץã󵱳ͻˡ
Ȼû࣬ؿڸŪôһ͸ĿʲôҲɣڵҲͻһ
ʷԼҪȥס˿ڣǸûã·һȥͱѪˮʪ͸ˡ
һһ߲ͣĶǸʬֻʬһֱƣһҲ֪϶ؿڵá
ð׷ˡŻ·ͣĶؿϵ˿ڵʷſ³һѪ˻Ƶ˵
մѪҺȥЩֲȻ˵Ϊʦֵܶ˶˽ҲڤڤеĶǿȥǶͷ̫ҵѹƲס೤ʱġ
ʯͷһۣû˵վʬ˹ȥȻеĺڵǶĲӾͿ˹ȥ
ʯͷһһӾͰʬӴĿ׸һӣ¶ڵķ·һƤ
˵ʬĿ׶ʯͷһˣԴҲӦøǳϵǣȻĿ׸ˣʬĲӷ·ģʯͷһ֮£Ȼ˿ڶûпơ
ʯͷʱɫеĺڵϸʬĲӾͿ˹ȥһֱӽʬҷ˵ϣǷȥʬĲ˿ڶûг֡
һ´һﶼɵˣû뵽ʬȻǹ룬һ¿ô죿
ɵ۵ʱֻڵϵʬͻȻǺǵ֫ڵϲͣĳ鴤ЧѾʼˡ
ǶɵĴ󼱣ҪʬٻȲ裬ҲҪ군
ʱʯͷüͷҲߵʬǰһֻ¶ڱĽ׳ⲻͣ¡˿ֲϼ¡ĺɫͲͣźϣҪһ
ʱһԭѾʼ۾ͻȻɣǿʲô˼Ķָ͵ָ̧ʯͷĺ󱳴˵ˣҺˣ
ұһʯͷʱҲովеĺڵ͵תĶʵ֪ҵ
ʯͷʧ˶ʮˣԼκ˶ҪŪף˵ʲôҺˣôܲ
ΪţʯͷĺҲüɫ΢΢ףĶһ
Ҳʯͷż˻ֻҪ˵ʲôʯͷʬȴͻȻִһ𣬽Ӳͣڵ϶Ͽ׻
Ҫˣʷǰ棬һ󺰡
ʱʯͷҲѯˣתеĺڵҪȥ
˭֪һȴ͵ضһ£۵һ³һѪȻ͵һ浯ڵָʯͷĺʬӲ㿳ģҺˣѪεٿ
һɤӣ͵һȻһҵĻ棬ɫ԰ֽвͣѪһһŵģ·Ҫ˵Щʲô
ҸϽԴյߣֻ϶Ķ˵ԺһһҪҵͷʬʬġ
˵ͣҸоһһ֪Ҫ£̧ͷһֻ۾Ѿı
̽һ£Ѿû˺ʷҡҡͷ̾һ˵Ѿˡ
ұʬ壬Щźп֪ʯͷǻûüѾ
̧ͷʯͷһֻۣѾתûпѾˣʱʬ֫ڵϲͣĳ鴤ţʯͷ⿪ҲĲеĺڵȥֻѪεδͣʬĲ档
ʯͷѪȻͬ˵һһεʬĲ棬Ȼһ˻˻죬ʬʱҲԵüΪʹ࣬ͣķƵĺС
ʱʯͷ߸ߵľеĺڵһһʬĲӿȥһʯͷеĺڵûٱֻһʬԴͱһ
ԴһʬĲӴһѪ벻ͨʬΪʲôѪѪҾ裬ǼһʬҪʬѪⶾء
İӷ˵ϣ۾һɨǰ治ԶĵһƵС룬һѽץ˹·˲һĻҳϽܵʬĸǰֽŵӴһѪ
ʬѪҺںڣȳޱȣһ£û³ʺҪ
Ҷ룬ȥȥ⣬ԺҴҲһһԷ̫ˡ
ʱʯͷѾߵĸǰѾˣڵϣɫأһ仰Ҳ˵
ʷϽڵվܵǰڵϷֽ͸ˡ
ҰʬѪȥһڻڻԣһ¹̫˻ǺһСһСڵ浹
ôôʷʬѪѬüͷͷŤһߡ
ʼʬǧˣָѪʲôŵζʷһһڵĺȥҶҪˡ
Ϊ˱գҰһʬѪൽĶ棬ʱҲתͷȥֻʯͷѾ˵ϣʬĬҲ֪Щʲô
߹ȥǰļϾҪ֪Լˣգۼˣʯͷһܡ
ʯͷͷһۣϵıûʲô仯ȴЩмĶ˵лл
˵ͷʬ壬֮ǰһҪͷҸ²ȥֻ֣ʯͷ˵ʱ򽻴ҪͷϺʬʬġ


109 
ҵĻʯͷĬһ£û˵ʲôڵվ
Ҿ֪׼ˣҸϽ˼תͷȥֻǲһ֪ԴѾʯͷ
˵˸оеŤҲûа취ܱԺʬҪǿöࡣ
ʱһȻ֮ǰ˵ֻ溣֪ʦֵ䣬溣ھ潫
ղ֮ǰָʯͷ˵Һˣ뵽вɵһѲʯͷǸص溣ʲôϵ
תͷֻԴѾ˼ңʯͷŵϳĬʯͷС˵˵ҺˣѲ潫
ҵĻʯͷһ£۾澫Ҳ뵽⣬̧ͷ˵ǸϽȥɽ
˵ͷʯͷҺˣôӦŶԣôӢۣһЩѽ⣬һжҪȵ溣ʦԺŪ
ʱͻȻһʹ跢ģŤͷһֻʷӣǸ˵ĺˡ
ҸϽ߹ȥֻʱ軺۾ЩɢһۣȻ˵Сʦôѽ
˵Сʬһڣ۲Ź֣ʷ˵һ龭赹һϣƥģɰСүˣ
Ȼ˹ӻʮָ׻϶ѿˣ۵һ졣
ǰʬ̧һʼǸĹ棬ŵǿڹײ棬˲Ƕˣ֮ôҲһ֮ʬǲᡣ
һжʰ׵׼ҪȥˣǼһˣڵϲܶʯͷͨȻǰʷ°䣬ʯͷǰ
ʷں档
ͨ˰ųȥһʪ͸ˣֽ˵ķϢ˰죬ʯͷ迸˱ϣ߳ǸԺӣصʷļ档
˲ᣬܵҽԺ˲ҩʷ죬ʷȥˣֻʣԼǼΨһ֪潫ڵˣҾҴ·ֻǲ֪ԸԸ⡣
ҵĻʷ̾һȻ˵ȻʶһӻûҲ·ģڲһˣˣطҴҲûˣȻûȥǽ֪·ģǾʹһ˰ɡ
Ѿܹµ߶ˣʮָȫ˱ȥҲ̶ãһ¶һ۵졣
ȥ˻ƱϵĻ𳵣ȥһ϶˱±
үģҸӿڴѽү㣡ڻ𳵿ûжãǵǰͻȻһ̧ͷһֻһͷߣķֵֿסһ˵ĺӣšסֱۣдš
ӿȥʮȻĺ⣬ǿȥԵӷᣬһ˫۾ɵԲǹĭӣͣƿڴ
ǸסǸСˣüۣʮֵʷˣһͲǺˡ
ֻӽšϣ˵ָͷмһĵƬ
лȻǸòʮа˾žǴ˵еĸ˾ûڳվϣһ㶼֣ĵƬ֪ľܰ˵Ŀڴȡ
һеĻ֣Ҫֵʱ򶼶ü׼һʧֵʱҿһ۰ǸӣֻǼһϴһֱִָͷϻһӣŵ࣬ȫһӣ˵Ķס
һͷ̾˿磬ҲѹǰֶģҲ򵥣ǰֲûе֣סˣӵһһ㷴ҲûС
ܳү͵ӣӿвͣƺ̧Ŷǰֵƨֺݺݵ˼š
ʱϵĳ˾Ѿ˹ǸСİָˣӻǰһžһƳǰֵĺϣ˼ŹǸ֣ת˹
ʯͷʷҵĺ棬ʱҶпλǰһƨɾȥֵĸСɽһһ˾ռ˵λãҲˡ
ӱһɽ֮󽫱ŵһߣ̧ͷһۣҲڶЦЦ˵ͷ
Ĵָ˵ֵ
ֿˬЦ˼˵ģֹĶûˡ
Ŷ̶̵ƽͷȻһĺ⣬ȴԵúǾɣŵЩ˾ôۣϴ·Ҳǻڣ·ƣ۸ԲˣһҲ䣬ŪϷһ˿˾;úЦ
Ƴһߵ裬֣˵Ǻãҽơ
ӵҲЦ˵һֺǺܺġ
ҲϽָһ£ֵֺܺʵϵǣһϾȻ˺ϼ룬ֻоģǿӵһͷһӦòѽ
Ӹɿ֮ת裬ڶ˱Ȼܸ֣ҸϽһ¡
ʱʷںͷС˵ǸͬС
ʷӳ˵ͬȻҲӣû뵽򱩷һӾȻȻҲǸɵֹ


110 ʧ
ƵԵǸĻ룬һ·˿ˮɣϳûͣ
һһͲ࣬ʷѣ֪ǸӣҶԸֹ˱ͲôðԸҲû˵仰
Ӹ˼䣬û뵽ǻͬһط³Ӹ˵عЦ˵ԵѽҪҺĵ绰롣
ҿԵˣӦǺһģЩ֣֪һԶҪȥһ䡣
˭֪ȴһأٺЦ˵ʵǰɣүҿǸרҵڣǱ˻Ǯģ˵ǸƯǣҪȻҲ벻ү
һ˵һ߹Цݣȥر
һ˵Լרҵڣ˵ҲţǼһﶼţһһ϶ֶʲôĹᣬ׼Ǽ˵Ĺ²ó˵ҲûȥǼװŵĵ˵ͷ
𳵵վӺһµĳճ˳վӴкͼҴҵˣڻһ˵ѾüûŮˣҪȥййȡ
һＱӣıһѣΪһҲһ֮Ե˭뵽ֻһʼ
Ǵֱסĵطɱ˹ȥſڣͳԿ׾Ҫţ˭֪˰죬Կ׾Ȼ岻ȥϸһɵĴһҵȻˣ
治ɵĴŭĸ˵ıӵȻҰӵˣѲɻҷӸռ˲ɣ
һ㶣ĪļԺðһͷѲʦ˼һˣ
ҸϽ̧ţд󺰵ʦ쿪ţ
£ǾͱˣʦһŮˣһƯŮˣŮҷǳϤǸһĹľ
Ҳ벻Ů˻Ҽȫסˣֶ̧˷ǾĿһۣȻ˵˭ʦϹС
˵Ҳǻعɴ۾ĶվǰľʵôҼ
ŮȻƯҼ濴˵ȿ𾪡
ҵʻŮ˲ĺһȻ˵˵õһȥģҵһҲϵ绰Ҳû˽ӣֻõˣˣ㷿Ҵ򲻿ֻˣǻ
ĻҾЩͷۣΪ֪Ů˲򵥣ȥɽѹǾûҪһȥںӱʱŮ˸Ҵ˼ε绰Ҷûӣû뵽ȻһãܵҼˡ
Ȼˣ֪˦ˣֻץץͷƤεЦЦ˵æû绰
Ů˲ҵĽͣüͷûٱԹʲô˽
һҶԼǲطˣΪҵķȫȻһ£һжʰľװıҵľӶɾһжǾŮ˸ʰҲɵЩΣԼЩڿҲ֪Ů˸ʰ
ʯͷޱŮһۣʷǰкŮ˱ϾǰյҸǰСĶ˵˵СʦǱǿ˰ɣҪʹˡ
ָ֣ϵһ£۵һһ죬ʵ
Ů˲ǱϿô򵥣Ůܹ㵽ǹһ˫Ǹ͵ڣ׾ٵҵסĵطŮ˵ʲôͷ
أҲ֪øŮ˵Щʲô˿û˫ʵ
ڸסˣҲסˣˣǴʲôʱʵ
ҿһ裬Ȼ˵Ҫɣ˺ˣ⼸׼һ¡
˵ͷȻ绰ͨһ룬һ˫ŶָǿĺӣһǱȽкøеģȻҳȥһˣ˵㶫һһһٷ
Էʱ򣬾ĵ绰ȴͻȻˣȻҾ绰һͷ˱Ҽҵĵַ绰ǶֵŮ˿˵ǽЩŹ֣˸֡
Ůԭڣ֣ˬĹ棬һЩ֣Ϊղ绰ʱͲ洫žȻЩϤһʱҲ벻
ûжãſڴܴЩջ˵һѲҼҵŸƣ
˫ĬߵſڣţֻһϤеƵطң
һ˾Ůˣ˶վһſȥֻſڴʱվһķֵˣ˲Ǳˣڻϸһ·ƣ
ȫû뵽ҵİ־ȻʱֻͷĴ󺹣Ҳ֪Ϊ·ϵüǸʲô˶
̧ͷÿǣҲһдеܳôǣ
һʼ磬Ȼָָ˵Ĺѡ
ЩֵĿһۣʵʶ
һ𳵣·ʶģû뵽ҵ˻˵
ʱӹЦҸǰſֱ۾͸һܱд˵ģԵѽڻϿҾ;Եû뵽շֿǹȻּˡ
׳ʵͷܣұһѱסöЩҪģһȻҵļĴ£ĵĶҪѪˡ
ŵһζŮõˮζһղһŮ˹ȥˣҲɵľЩģֽ˿ȥ
һһҲûΣ·Ĳһ֣һЦž֣ƤЦ˵λǾСɣƣ
һ֣һ㶼ûиһµȤֻǵĵ˵ͷȻ˵һģҪ죬ȸסһɡŮ˵֮ԼĶ˫˳ȥֻվԭأЩεջ֡
Ǽһ̲סˣһţЦǼһץץͷͷƤǵͨ죬Ͷ˶ƺҪ˵ʲôһҪ˵ĻŪǵĹϵӲı˻ȥ
ǸҲǺ졣ҿӱͨ죬˵
˸ϣƥҵĻһſھһ໰תǳ껹ûʰʳֻ۾̹⣬Ƕǿ⣬ŤŷֵӾͳ˹ȥһƨڵϣץһȾ߳Ա߽УģղŻһ£ɶˡ
ȻҶӵӡôǾŮģҲܰϳȥֻҡҡͷʯͷǴк˳ȥ
ȥôʱˣЩˣ뵽ҽԺ̫ƽȥ
˭֪һ·ҽԺߵǸС䣬ÿ֮ȻһȫİͷͷЩֵңʵСӣ˭
һ£Ͻ˵ǰ⿴ŵ
ͷ˵ͷȻ˵ˣⶼˣ˵ԼְɵģҪҲ⡣
ĻҾɵˣ˵ȥѲʲôˣôҴû˵мѽûмһһء
ܵҽԺ²棬Ҳûһͷƾʧһ
Щʧ˻ȥȻ֪Ϊʲôְľãȥƺûô򵥡
뵽ҺȻһȥ֮ǰϵľŮˣѵҲʶ
뵽ҸϽͳֻ˵ĵ绰˵飬˭֪ŮҲʶҩչ̵ȥģһ˴绰ϵοȥ⼸ο;ǣ˵Ǹ˭Ҳöʣ˵绰֮ԽԽԾʧٿ϶򵥣ŮҲ򵥣ǵʲôأ


111 ɽ
ȻЩҸûİϢȫ֪ôȥĿǰҲֻȥ潫ˡ
ֵ죬ǼһѾָĲˣ˫ѾǳҪĶѾˣһȥٷڵĻ𳵡
ʷ˵⽫ٷغһ·طʷָɽͷ˵ǽʮԶĵط
ɽϷľеͰĹľ඼ǸߴͦεľɽҲ඼ǼӲʯ
油һҪʳˮĴɽͷˡ
ʮҪƽصĻԶطɽֵģʮɽ·㹻ġ
ҪҸأһȦÿһҪȥǽҡͷĸû˵ǵطĶһԲͷߡ
һʮҵͷ־Ķ˵˵ǽˣɽйǹ˵ģǰ˳Ǯɽ潨һɽ˵רΪѹǹģɽû깤ӾͶ棬ʬ嶼ûҵӴ֮Ҳû˸ҽȥɽ
ͷ˵ʱѹüͣԵǽ˹죬Ǽ˲ⶼĵ
ʷָӣɽһ·ǰɽԵĿǰӦһ·ѾߵĻĲݣд׳ľرķѾһѴʯͷһǰ濪·Ĳ˵ʲôԴһߵĶʮֵСġ
ĥĥ䣬һ죬ȵ˰ʮ֣ǹҲ˲ʮأʱҼҪ̱ˡ
ͷѾҪɽˣɽ棬ϱҪҵŵĵطУֻ˫ֲվǰ棬ԶȻֱֵ̧ۣĸܲָָǰ˵쿴ǵطзӡ
˳ָǰȥֻǰİɽмӣľЩԶֵ˰Ƿӵģ
ǼӣһͷΪɽ棬סڷ治֪¶Ҫȫ١
һϽӿŲǰȥɽͷߣûǾ˰ɽ̧ͷһⲢסķӣһưܵɽ
ֻɽԵû깤ǽϵש¶ټЩͷˣ֦ȥͬһ㡣
ɽûװţǷȥֻмһΣɽүܵģҲûȫ깤϶ûüͿĨϣģȥںģ˾üЩ
ɽҺȻɽµʱǸͷ˵ĻѲɽǽǰûнɵɽ
ϸĹ۲һ£طͷ˵ӦþͬһطֻǵЩĽô£
ʱһﶼµɽͷ˵ĵطˣ̽ͷ̽ԵһۣһĭЩŵ˵طҿЩ}ˣҪǻطɡ
һûüشǼһͺݺݵһĭӵ˵ǵӣһƵطʲôµģүҵôභͻû
һ˵ɽſ˹ȥеĴſڵϣȻ˽ȥ
Ҳ½˽ȥǼһſ£ûа취ֻиŽˣЩջӺǣ
ӺٺٵЦûһϽ¼һ飬ɽ˵ûȫ깤ڷ絲Ҳ㹻ˡ
ʵһֱǸͷ˵Ľӣһûзһˣвɵһ˵ͷ˵Ķܿǵ;˵öġ
ûзʲôɾĶһﶼһĵ˻ҳһߵֿ˲šһһɨѣľɨɽʱŪóһϽܵܡ
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һҲ˲Ǻ˵Ļҳ˽ȥɽĵԭ˺ĻҳЩҳɨ¶һ̲̲ɫĶ
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ЩѪɽĵ棬һ̲һ̲ĵǣȥͷֱ
ʯͷӣһɫѪ飬ŵһ£Ȼͳ˵ЩѪ
Ļһ۵ϣֻЩѪʮ̲һ˿϶ôѪģ뵽ͷ˵Ľʧ٣ͷһЩѪѲǵǸɽĽģǵǱʲôɱģʬȥ
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һһ֣ŪһѸɲɽһѣɽҹܸ˴ůͰȫС
һﶼóѹҷǳֶûа취ֻܽͣԵĻǾֻܶš
ʱҺȻʵһֵζζһ㣬ŤͷһֻԱߵʱһе
ҿٺһЦ˵үÿ첻ͻȥԴ˵ʳҪҪڣ
ҿ㱻е߰㣬滹մĿˮлһĺ⡣
һɽһ죬۵ĲӣҪϢǷֿһֵҹҺʯͷ÷һ顣
ѵʱһӣǰӺ裬һѾùǺˣȥľ˯
ּ˵ɲ񣬸ոֱȴǱ˸һ¡
Ťͷһֻ·ʯͷҪʲôȴһסҵ͡
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ҵͷһֻдǣſжڶǡ
⼸ҾԼĬбſһۣһ²ŵڵֱ
ֻʱɽſ̽һźںԴ̫ڣҿ⵽ʲôԴһ˫ĵ۾һĺë
ǶһĶǣҸо̺棬һ֦ڵдô죿
ʯͷĬƬ̣Ȼдȥ
ʯͷڵĺڵޱȵڵվһһһӾͳ嵽ſڣ


112 ҹɽ
ʯͷӺᡢܿ죬һһƮ˳ȥҲûзʯͷӸոһʱǸԴ͵˻ȥ
ʯͷȥ֮Ҳûаʱһҹ紵ҾЩ쬵ģһ¿˿ȻûпʲôɾĶҲЩëһһˣ˯öͦ㣬Ҳ˼ǡ
ʯͷȥϴᶼûлҲûа㶯治ɵȻֺܺãǸղⲻ֪ʲôҲ֪ù򲻹
̧ͷһɽĵ񣬸оЩɭɭģɵĽ˽ӣ˭֪ʱɽļͻȻ̽һźںԴ
ɽĵû깤һӿݣž˾ú£ʱͻȻ̽һԴŵһڵϵ
ҲԴҲǺںģǳ˺ɫëղųſڵǸһģһһ˫ɢ̹۾һһ󷢺
һûзӦͻȻһĵĿҵĶ棬ĿһŮ˵һŮ˱֮ĳ
Щ˷һҵĶ䣬һĺëʱɽļֽӶðںԴ
ʱŻˣýڵ͵زһ£дĺѣ
һɤھ֮þһﶼŵڵ˫ķӦ죬˳ҵĿǰһۣеһϽڱͳһѲǹ
ͳԼǹɫףʷɽµһһѿʱ򶼽߬档
Ǽһһ˯ʱĿˮһǰ棬дһܳʲô⣡ϽڵϼԼĴ
ʱһĵĿɲͣǶ꣬һҲˣɫ׵ʵСʦʲôڿѽ
֪ʲôڿޣֻЦҡҡͷʱǸŮȴɫص˵ǿޣЩĽ
Ļһ㶣˷ֶĽ϶УǱΧˣ
ʱһﶼʶ⣬ܴĿ˵ɫһ󷢰ס
ԤϵһʱмֻɫӰӳɽſڣЩϳźɫë֮⣬ϸûʲôֱǵı΢΢ţֱֻ泤ƶϥǵλá
ֻſڵĺӰԽԽ࣬һȻվʮſڶסˣʱɽĺҲʮЩȻǸΧˡ
ʱһﶼɵˣʵӢأ
ղһȥˡش
ģǸô죿һǰѴĿŵʵ
ЩжʮʮǶüȻ˫;ǹôľ룬ҪӲƴǹҲֲôȥġ
˵ǲҲ𶯡
Ҳ֪ЩһﲻöԸҵĻ֮˵ͷʱЩҲվԭأһ˫˫ɫ۾ĶǣвͣķŮ˿Ľⳡжˡ
ܳүҿܲˣûãͱһͷ亹ҲոѹֵЩ
Ǽһｫִֻ֣һ֣̲סһĭ˵ģˣӸЩƴˣ
һֵһҪȥ˭֪ո̧ţͻȻһĲҽС
ǱһŤͷȥֻԭſڵЩһɧž洫һŭʯͷġ
Ҳˣһƴˣľǰ˹ȥ
ǼһҵĶ죬СɽһӼͳ嵽ҵǰ棬໰ϣеǰ濳˹ȥЩƺŻˣһӶ㿪ˡ
ʱһǹ֪϶˫;ǹڵֵЩ
һ嵽ſڣЩʱˣҲ˳̧ͷһֻǰֶֻΧסһ˲ͣϴ˴һĺ£ʯͷ
ʯͷȻ˵ֲĸӲ˶٣ֱָʮֵķʯͷΧѾЩæңϵ·˲ٵĿӣҲ֪ûˡ
һΧͼˣһͳ˹ȥ
˭֪ҸոһЩԭ˵ĶֺһȫΧİҰΧצӾץ˹
һ£ϽˣѾˣһؿڵ·һӾͱһںֱ۸ץһӣһ紵ҵţһ亹ֱðҵֻץҵ·ûнץˡ
ܳˣʱҼһһӱ˸ץק˺棬žͼӵӰ˹ȥһһͿһĲ棬ֱӸڵأʱĹҲΧ
ʷʱҲһеĿսš
ɽһֻۣʮֻﱻ˫;ǹŵ˽һ룬ʣµҲѾ嵽˸ǰ˫ֻŲǹã󣬾ǹͣĳ׼յǹ
ֻͷһѾʮΧŪæңǼһļ򶼱ץˣѾʼѪ
Ҵһľͳ˹ȥ֮Ҳû׼ͷֻ֪ǰҿоϴЩĺХԽԽ
ʱͻȻоһײҵĻǶ˵ĶģҾͱһɴֱӸɷڵأϼطһʹ
ˤڵϵʱ򣬸պÿԼǰһ˫ë׵ĴţǽŸ˵ûʲôֻ泤˺ɫë
ʱ˫ŵĽŸң֪ǹģϽ̧ͷһۣȴһֻǹʱңͷһ˫۽Ķң촽ѿ¶ɭɭݣ˶ĵĿˮѾպҵϡ
ȻⶫĿˮŪϣûиоģǲöģΪģֻǹֻ֣Ҿ˹
ҴһѾˣҼǣһץסⶫĽŲӣһקֻͨһⶫק㲻ȣһӾˤ˵ϡ
ʱﻹҸϢĻᣬڵһⶫϣһȥֲͣץҵ·ץˣץѪڡ
ҧҧץļۣдһܳѵģľⶫ۾Ͳȥ
ֻ۵һ죬ľֱӲ棬һ˶ĵĺˮһ˳Ūǣмζҵ棬Ҳ˳
ģľǹ۾һתֻ﷢һҽУֱǰһ죬ȻҲһ


113 ɽ
ҵһҲǳ͸ˣʱžЩ࣬ղⶫ鱬вٺɫҺҵ棬ĵĴµĶһ㶫Ҳûʣ²ꡣ
ⶫϷĽƳһۣղⶫңĽŸҲңҺ֣ΪֱߵĶǽŸںģѲⶫĽŸǰ棿
һȥֻⶫֻŹȻĶﶼһֻƾȻǰ棡
ʱҺȻһļʦ˵һֽźǰĹֻһʱ벻ˡ
ʱԱߺȻһҽУŤͷһֻ衢ӻʷһ˱ΧӺʷҪǿһ㣬ȻǱ֣ʱûʲôΣգͲˣѾֻɷ˵ϣһĽлֻĸȴûټǳֺֻֻţǰ˳ȥ
ⶫĶܿ죬ڵҹ棬һͲӰ
ЩȻ̧ˣҴһǰ׷˹ȥҹڣҸͲ֪ǳǸȥġ
ʱҵִһʯͷģһعȥֻΧסֻʣڱʯͷֱУһʧ˺ڰ档
ʯͷʱѾȫˣ¶ʵļļҲкü˿ڣ˲ٵѪʯͷûԼϵ˿ڣǳĬΧʷЩȥ
ʱŷʯͷЩΪһ˫۾Ŀֱͣǰ棬ȻŨŨɱȥͷЩ
ʯͷƽʱȻ˵һֱǺ͵ģҴûпֳɱӣҺܲϰߣȻһʱ䶼סˡ
ֻʯͷһǰȥļĽŲͣŵĺɫߵҲͣͷϺ£ͬһ㡣
ʯͷһֻۣԭΧĹֻ֮ܵ⣬ʣµȫˣļΪңǸԴǱ˰ӡ
ʯͷлڲͣµѪĺڵͻȻһǿҵĲ
ֻʯͷѾߵʷǰͻȻſ췢һȻҰ޷һȻͼʯͷһ͵ؾȥ
Ķûаͣ٣һһֻͷ䣬ǹֱӱʯͷһͷֻǶһӾͱʯͷԴ룬ԽѪʷͷ
ʯͷеĺڵһתɨ˹ȥְֱһֻԴɨȻ̧һŽһֻ߷ɣһǰڵǴͷ¿ȥһֱӽһӵӶƬ
ʯͷ߷ɵһֻˣֽһܵĲӰʱʷʯͷȫɵۣҲͷѪ㶵ʯͷҲڵʯͷЩ
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ЩӲЦһ£˵ҪϢᡣ
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ܳ豻Щץˣ֪ʯͷû£һﶼһʱʷȴͻȻĽ
ĻһǻعҵĶǼһˣ
Ͻ׷ҴһǻһģҾԲܰط
һѽʯͷڼϣǲ֪Щʲôطֻߵʱʯͷˣһ·²Ѫ׷
˳ѪɽɽȥʱЩֵ˵Щʲô⣬Ӳӵģע⵽ûУЩһĶǽźǰģ
ĻҺȻһ뵽Щĳ˵ɽ
ʲôɽû˵ѽӵɴ۾ҡ
ɽԭľŸ棬ҹҲûɽֻǵĽ԰ɽŮ
ɽĽ·Ůӵĳһ㣬˭󵱳Ů˵ġ
һ죬޵һһ̵ģⳤãŮүˡ
û˵ʥҲᵽֶ˵ⶫǽϵһҰޣΪɽ棬Աɽ
ﲻǽϣɽѽ˵꣬Щֵʵ
ұʵҲҡҡͷ˵Ҿֻ֪ô࣬˭֪ɽôֶ
ɽľʯ֣֮ڽϣΪϷɽжֹɽɽ϶иĵطһĶʱȴͻȻ廰˵
ҿһۣŮ˹Ȼ򵥣֪Ķǲ١
Ȼֻ˵ɽµѪҺ϶Һûиһ·ڵϺͲҶ֮ϣһɽ֮ǰ
ɽɽ֮ϣӦȻγɵģǰôִľڵ˳ɽµѪҺѰңطͲ׷֡
Ƕֻ׸ߣֱףֻǿһͨҷǶڵʯͷĥѾܹ⻬ԾжǶѪӦþЩɽĳѨɣ


114 ʯ
ⶴڲߣ̧Ⱦȥխֻܲһˣ˫ǹǰ档
һ½˽ȥǼһ˸ӣʯͷڱϣߺҲ˽ȥֱֻ֣ʯͷĿģͣҸ󣬲ʱز鿴ʯͷ
ͨǸܶб£һȥܸобб£ûжԶȻֱֱǰ
ûж󹤷ǰ潥ıÿѾû⣬ʱǰӺȻͣͷϣ˵ģˡ
ҲȥֻʯͷĽűߴʱһɭɭͷ˵ԴԱ߻ɢһҵĹͷ
ҶӼһЩͷֻЩͷڵʱӦòǺܳΪɫǰ׵ģûзƻ߱ڣ淢ǣЩͷ沼ĺۼЩۼǹκۣҧ֮ĺۼ
ŹͷϵЩݺۣͷһ˿϶ǱЩɽϽԵģҲ֪ôˡ
ǸϽŲȥ߲ͻᷢһѰ׹ǣɢɢľȻϰپ˵ĺǣֲõصİһ̸ɽǼ˹һЩ˲ˡ
ǰԽԽǸоҲԽԽ˫ֵͲǰ棬ͻȻͣ͵ؾͽǹ
ǱĶһ̧ͷȥֻⶴѨƺѾߵ˾ͷǰһһĿռ䣬վһɫӰӡ
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Щʲôãŵ۾ʹĳ˼ۣȻڵϼһʯ飬һֻɽͶ˹ȥ
һﶪļ׼ʯպҵɽԴϣʯмһСҵͷϿ϶ۣǳϵǣȻʯҵԴɽȴһҲҲûзʯҵͷȻžһҵһʯͷ档
ģʯͷģһ£˵һɤŴڶصĻصȥ˾Щ}ûš
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һߵǰϸĴһɽĵֻһֺɫʯͷ̶ɵģЩʯͷ涼һһӫ⣬ȥָй⻬ҷѽǣɽϾȻκε̵ĺۼȻһ
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⻹СģͷˮʱԱߵȴͻȻڽһɤӡ
ŤͷȥֻǰҲһɽĵ񣬲ҪȱĵС࣬ŵӵϥǴһСɽһ
ִһۣȻСɽĵ񣬸ղԶûз֣ܿ
ռ䲻ЩСһɽ񣬵ϻɢһѶѺɫʯߵһѸǰЩʯȻһƬģȴҡ
ЩֵʯҺȻһִЩǱĵһжƿǶ
ͷոԺͻȻñЩҶڵϣԱ߾һɽĵҶţߣҾҵĶڲͣĴоЩëȻ
͵ڵվȻҲоǶҶߴǱ쬵ĸоȻڣоǱ͵͵Ķһ
͵תͷͻȻԶվһںӰӣӰӵһ˫ĵ۾Ķҡ
ұӰŵõһǻûüӦֻǺӰһʧһɽĵС
ܳܣʱҲǸɫӰӣһһеĴǺӰͶ˹ȥ
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Ƕ֪ղŵǸӰ϶һֻɽطǵϳˣһﶼҴ⣬СĵķЩͻϮ
ԼһȻʯͷ棬һҲһ£ģѲү˹ʺˣһ񵶲ɣ˵ǵȥ
ܳѪӸոߵɽĵǰͻȻһУ˾֣ǿʲôֲĶһ
ǱĽһΪһʲôˣŤͷȥֻǸɽĵź˿˼
棬֪ʲôܰһų
̧ǰ˹ȥ˳ӵĿǸɽĵ񣬿ĶҲҲɵĵһ
ԭӵʱɽĲϣǳϵǣɽĲӵʱȴڲͣѪЩѪѾɽİӣȥʮֵĺˡ
ҺӶѪˣ֮𾪣ΪѪĶǻȻһ
ʱһҲѪɽÿ˵ɫÿȻֹһĻˡ
ͣѪɽҺȻЩɢڵϵĺɫʯԴͻȻðһëȻƶϣ˵Щģǻģ
ƶȥȻ˾ò˼飬ҲֻܽǰһĻʱҧҧǻѪɽ˹ȥְɽϵĴͰȻ˵ģĻģү˿
Ǹˣһ㶼ֱӣһһɽĵ˹ȥĽһߵɽ棬ʹһžžžһ
Ȼмɫʯͷǵˤڵϡ
ֵͲһգֻǵѵĵطȻѾʯͷǺɫʯͷֻһ㣬¶˻ĺɫë


115 ϳ
ǺɫëȻǼЩɽϵһģһֻ˼ţɽĵһҵ˵ϣһɫʯȫˤķ飬һŵɽǵǰ
ɽڵϣӴͣѪ΢΢ĲţвͣķͬŮ˿һĽ
Ǳǰⳡ𾪵ľþû뵽ЩȻĻлŵɽѲЩʯͷ
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߹ȥеĴһӾɽĲɨ˹ȥɽԴһֱӸһѪ˳
ʱǰϰٸɽĵ˶ЩЩȻʯͷģЩͷСһĿǸոճãЩʯЩƿǶ֮ġ
һ۵棬һ⻬ĺɫʯһ㣬ҪҲ벻ܹɽ
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ҲǴ˵еĵŮʱӣڵ˼£ͳ˵
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ģ޹дμӣǲǾʹģǼһҰһͣתͷʵ
ЩӵһۣȻ˵а˾ǸɽдġУμждģ޹д
ﶼһûţû뵽һһҲò˼˸˵ϣǴˣǴˣô飬ⶼˡ
ұӵһһһСѧܼܲǸ⣬һӲݰļһȻðˣ̲סߵǰļ˵ˣ˵ˣԽ˵Խˡ
һﱻҭĵɴ۾Ȼҵļ˵ҳǸϴ֣ѧʶḻ˵ôŶôиˣ˵ʵүһܴʮ
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ߡǶĲеʱŵͻȻһǱʯͷġ
ҸϽߵǰеʯͷʵˣû£
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ƹʯڣһֻһһĶڣʯͷ˵ζ洫ġ
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ֻһֻɽкܴĲͬһֻɽĸߴ֮⣬ֵͲȥǲʯȻ͸һְɫ
⣬ɽѵͬ಻һϵëǺɫĲɣ
ʱʷһɤӣȻܵɽǰӣһɽµĵһˣ˲軹˭
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ǳ࣬һﶼ֮һ㶣һֲõĸоʱվǰһֱûжľȴɫ䣬Ǵĺѽ
ĺŤͷһֻۣǸߴɽʯʱѾϸСƣĶҪˣ
˫һץϵ裬˱ǰͳ˹ȥǽ档
ɽȱҪһ뻹Ҫ࣬϶ǺöԸĽɫڳûϽҪ
ǼһȻûиͷһֻǼһվѾѿϸɽʯǸǰһᣬȻĴһ̵ģɽĲӾͿȥ
ֻһ죬һֱӿɽĲӣȻʹһ죬ɽϵʯһӾȫ˿
Ƿȥֻһֻ˶ɽʱӶڵϣɽЩһϵëǻɫȥʮֵĹۡ
ֻһɽĲϣֵǣһȻܴ󣬵Ǹûпɽ棬˵Ѫˣëûп
һһҲˮеһҲ첻˺ֻһ£ȻֽһתȾܡ
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ֻɽҲ˺ɫëȥ˵Ĺ죬־壬ɽΪͬĵطĶͷϡ
ֻĶͷУһͬСȭͷһСĺɫϵëҪʺ죬ȥΪĴۣͬһѪһ㡣
ʱɽһ˫۾͵˿ĶǣȻֱƺЩϰߵֱֻۻһ¡
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һܳĶѨͷһֵֻɽû׷ոһ˭֪ʹһ𣬽һɫĸߴӰڶǾͳ˹
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ۿǶ˸ǰ˫һеǹǶ˹ȥһ촫ֻ˫еǹ߸ߵķ˰գҲɳԶһҵϡ
ֻǹվ˫ղվĵطһ˫۾ǣע⵽ⶫһѪͣϣղҲûȫ㿪Щӵ˴ȡ
ֱʱ˫Ĳǹһҵϣֻ˫ַؿڣڵɫףȻղűɽһײѾˡ
ɽˣƺΪջһ˫۾Ķ˫ûվȣֽһ˹ȥ
˫ڸոڵûվȣͶ㲻ɽĹǼһｫʯͷڵϣͳ˹ȥҲľϹȥæ
˫ľûɽĶ̫죬ֻոշӦɽѾ嵽˫ĸǰſԴץȥ
ۿ˫Ҫⶾ֣ʱǹ죬ͼɽ͵һһҽУɿ˻ȥղǹʱҿɽֱֳһѪȻǱǹˡ
ǹǾΣͷ˫һ
ߵ˫ǰֻɫҰֽǹһ˿Ѫ˲ᡣ
ĴһۣﶼЩûгɽҲ֪㵽ʲôطȥˣһ໰˫һߵǹȥҪϾֻⶫܹĶɽ
ֻǹһɽʯԱߣҪȥ˭֪ո˲䣬ɽʯǺͻȻһëֱۣһѾץסǰǹȻ͵һ˦˦Զ
ӱһûعһӰƮ˳ֻɽʱֱֻۣӾ͵ͷ
ܳӴһ͵һ̧žǰ˹ȥɽƺͦأһȥȻ㷴ӦҲû˹
飡飡
ʱִǹ죬ǸŮֿǹһɽոǹ죬ӾһһٵźƮȥ
Ǽһ˵ֵ˻ӸղſԿɽȻܴ֪ǹܴĶԲŰ˫ǹ˳ȥ
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Ȼɽûг嵽ǰҲûǰ߳ΪֻҪһͻ֣ʱĸоЩΪɽƺĿһסǣ߳ȥ
ЩʱǰӰһɽǳ˹ǹŰˣȻǾЩǹûӵˡ
ĻһͷһҪ군ˣǼһкһǱΧһԲȦСĵĽ䱸ţոǰûɽϵֳ˹
ʱǹѾûӵٱۿҪӴһеĴӭȥ
˭֪ɽûһӵĿȥž˹ȥ
⻹ͦǳ˭ͳ˭ȥ
ȥ磬ҿ֪Ů˵жãֻһҲûлңֱڵʱɽҲѾ˹Ůýżһ㣬ӾƮ˹ȥ
ܳôںϹû뵽ֻôãһ
ɽһ˿ˣƺЩջѿ¶ɭɭݣһۣͷͳˡ
ڸúܽ⶯ֿ죬ûо֣Ͷ㲻ۿҪ嵽ҸǰҲǼˣһľȥ
ֻһ죬еľֱӱɽһƸ˳ȥȻӾѹ˹
ʱһƺߣʯͷģֻһվҵߡ
ʱɽѾצʯͷзһƵĺ˫ǰһ죬ޱȵľץסɽֱۣȻһһ¾ͽݺݵҵ˵ϣ


117 仯
ҿʯͷɫӵĲ԰ףͻûлָڿ϶ǿĸߴɽȻֱҵ˵ϡ
ɽһڵϣ淢һֽУ͵طӣʱʯͷ˹ȥѹסɽһֱֻۡ
ʱҲ˹ֽһ˹ȥѹסɽһֱֻۣ˭֪ɽȻ̧ţϥһһµӺʯͷıȥ
ʯͷԭˣڱ۵һ³һѪǼһҲֱУĺ찴סȣ
˫ʷʱҲ˹һһȣĸ˰סɽ֫İڵϡ
ֻʣҺ;˿ˣɽĸ˵Ŀ֮»ڲͣʯͷɫҲԽԽףӣ۵ĹǺһҪ˹ȥ
죬۾ʱǼһŤͷҴĺ
ĻҲǻعϽܵһ߼ڵϵľһﵽɽϣľ۾Ͳȥ
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ҹƵĹȻûдɽһľȥ۾һУһŤҪĸ˽ıסɽ֫Ҳˤ
һ׼ɽۣһӾͲ˹ȥ
˭֪ⶫӦ죬ȻӲܶǻһŤӣһͲ嵽˵ϡ
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һɽûüܣֻ۵һľֱӾͲ棬۵һҵĽ
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ʱɽֻ֣һѾͰҲ۾ľ˳һӶȥԶȻһڵ
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ʱѾȫëˣȫ֪ôˣʱɽѾ̧ͷһֻ۾Ķҡ
һëɽͻҷԼο϶Ҫˡģ֮ǰҲù
һݣɽͷϵǸſһӾҧ˹ȥ
úܽɽһӱҸҧǿ棬ҾһĺУ˫ֲͣұץһʹҺϲ֪ץ˿ڡ
ʱ򳹵׵ļˣʹľҧȥֻ۵һɽҧеȻһӱ˿һȳůůҺ춼ǡ
ȫû뵽ɽͷϵȻᱬѪܶ࣬ҵ治ͣĹ˽ȥûз֮£ҾȻ˹˾ͺȥڣ
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۵ðԽþȫ§˻
ҽıɽͣҵıĴתҲ֪˶ãҶѾ۵ûûаʱͻȻԼĻðɽѾһҲˡ
ѵѾˣ֣ǲҷɣʱҺˣɿˣѾˡ
ӻһһɿɽʬ壬ֻһɿɽֱͦͦĵȥ
ҵͷһֻɽѪһֻ۾˺ڶͷǸСȭͷһСҲֻʣһűƤ滹вٺɫճѪҺ
ЩںճѪҺҶĵĲû³һ뵽ղԼȵľ⣬һܡ
ʱֱۣӾ˵ϣڴһ˾֮϶ˣʯͷֱ˹ȥ
Щĵǰһ״ûʲôˣһ
ʱڵϺߺһȻɽĶ˼£Ƥģûܶصˡ
ʱܹڱͳҩˮͱǰ˿ڣҺȻ˿ڣҺöƤˣһ»ûʲôˡ
ʯͷʹܹԼǱܵɫ԰ףһֱԲѣҰĵǲûʲôΣա
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ĺúõأġһﰲο
Ȼһ￴˵ϵѾȥɽȥݺݵţǴСү
һҧгݣҿһһ飬ղſ϶ûٰЩɽĴֻЩ棬ЩɽΪʲôֻΣû˺
ֻӦþɽ죬ЩɽץȥΪ˵Եġһ裬˵
ʱŻȻԭЩɽץ˹ȥΪ˸ǵ촢ʳһҲ
һ£ǼһĴ嵽棬ӶʮɽʯǣǵԴ
˫ҵĲǹӵЩɽʯһĶɨһ飬طܹЩɽûа취ֹʱڣطЩ
ڵֻϢһᣬ;棬Щ˿ҲѾоˣЩֵվһԼӣЩ֣һʱҲҲԾĵط
ЩɽʯǱ˫ǹˣ治ͣѪŪⶴȳζǲԸ˳
صɽ춼ѾҪˣǻ˴ˣʯͷԲѣһ£һ졣
ȻҲһҹû˯ܵҲᣬھȻһҲۣ˿ڴҲˣҼһԼֱϱ˿ڣҲɵĴһ
ֻЩ˿ھȻѾʼˣ
氵֣˵Լʲôʱô̬ˣոˣû󹦷Ȼˡ
ҿһˣûҰԼϵ쳣ǣ±ǵɹʱҶ۵ĲУҪϢ
ҷһҲҲҪֵҹһﶼȥ˯ˣһҹ˶ѾۻˣڵϾ˯˹ȥ
ҼһʯͷƽȣڻָУɵһ˵ϣԼֱѾ̵˺ۣвɵİ֣Լ嵽׳ʲôҲ֪ı仯أ


118 ʳʬ
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ڵϣʾ֭ȥ룬ԼʱûʲôŹֵĶѽ
ҸоԼĺ滹ЩζҧǺëɽͷϵ֮ѪҺµġ
ҾЩģ͵һѲΪɽѪ
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ղɽʱɽȻһֻ۾ҸͱϹˣⶫǿ쳣̶ֳȵӦòҧͷϵ֮ɽŵڵĵϡ
ʱҲЩˣɽͷϵʮа˾žڣҲ㣬һҧǶҪȻҵľӦˣֻͷϵҵӵ
˰ҲûףȻ˵ӦǺ£ҲɵİģɽѪұӵģҵ廹᲻бı仯ҿɲЩɽһë
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ЩĵǰϸĹ۲һ£ȻûѹǺƽȣѾظѪɫղ԰׵ˡ
Ӵʯͷһۣ˵ûµģˣõġȻһʯͷĴָ˵ǣү
ҳһƲƲ죬˵ʯͷȻˡ
һ˯֮һǾסһѾˣǰ滹в̵ɽ·һ͸ϲǽһ϶ˣɽ¶̫ΣգϢһҹһ·ЩɽѾǸŪˣطӦǰȫˡ
ʯͷڰʮѹģһֱߣ֮ǵһֵġ
һһڵҸһҸϽʵоô
ʯͷҡҡͷ˵ûˡȻĬƬ̣˵ʳҶ
û뵽һҪԵģҸϽڱóѹݵ棬ʯͷӹ֮Ϳڣ̫ɣŪͣĿԡ
һ߰ˮݸһԱߵȥֻһıҾͷԱߣװĹĹҵģ϶вٺóԵġ
ʯͷˣѹûʲôӪӺιӣ
ӿһۣЩֵʵ
ǻûʳ㣬ĺܡ
ӿһֿۣһʯͷԥƬ̣ȻѱҴ򿪣淭˰죬Щ۵ĳǶһֽסһȻһţ⣬Ͻ˺ݸʯͷ
ʱ̽ͷ̽ԵߵӸǰ濴һۣĽеܳȻôóԵģ
Ǽһһѽ§ڻ±˸ȥȻһƳĺ棬˵үԼģԼģбҲѽ
ȻʯͷһۣС˵Щ⻹үһ˳ԵģҪǾֵӣүҲŲء
˵ãȻһ򣬵Ҳһ죬ỹˣӣ㬵һߣڱһſڴҶͣʿˮ治ͣĺڣ֪ԼҲʳˡ
ʯͷƺһͰӶһţԵĸɸɾʵҪ
ʯͷҡҡͷҰˮݸڣʯͷɫȸղҪõĶ࣬ȥӦѾָĲˣڶʱǿķɣǿеڶμԼǱɽﲻɵĺǸж֣ص˵лл㡣
ʯͷû˵ЦЦҼڵվʼĻԼ塣
ʱ̫ѾҪɽˣĴҪȥ濳ҹõĲ˭֪ߵſڣһӣЩֵ˵ʲô
ǶһһȻ洫һɳɳǷ紵ҵ
ҸϽ̧ͷȥҶһҲѾ˰ɽûз磬ֵɳɳʲôطġ
ʱ˫ʯͷҲߵſڣֻʯͷ۾Ķɽǰĵϣżɽʬ壬Ȼʯͷָ̧֣Щʬ˵洫ġ
Ļһע⵽Щɽʬ壬ϸһɳɳȻЩģ
Щ֣˵ЩѾˣѲⶫթʬɣ
쿴ʱָһɽʬǺ
˳ָȥֻɽϵëʱȻڲͣ¡ģʲôƤ治ͣ
ЩëȻ˵ɽʬѲɻʲô
ֻЩɳɳԽԽܼȻͼֻɽʬٵȥֻĹֻʣһƤëĹȻĪʧ
ǵڶֻֻ
ǱⳡŻˣɳĮеʳϣԶĳǰĳʮֵ񣬿ڣǸûпʲôЩɽʬգۼԵĸɸɾ
תͷһ۴ңֻһɫÿ˺µľֿĶ
˫ʱǰһ̧еǹһ䶯ɽʬǹӵһӾͰëƤˣ¶ģѪ⡣
ɽëƤѪģһţЩģѪ滹¶ɭɭİ׹ǡ
ڸǾÿ־ǣɽƤµĹھȻڿٵڣЩɳɳ
ⳡֻڿٵĿʳɽĹһǶɴ۾ʲôûз֣
ô£ͷʵ
һ˭Ҳûش˶еĪĽš

ʱǹվǰ˫ȴͻȻɫ䣬ſڷһ󺰣еǹһ˵ϣ˫ֽıסԼСȣͷ亹ֱ䡣
Ǳһ֪ںһѾͽȥ˫ͣķһĲҽС
вɵͻͻֱ˫Ǹĺӣʱ򵽵ʲôȻֲҽС
ֻѾ˫ϵɽ棬ŵϣʱ˫Ѿ۵ʧȥǣͣķУڵϹȥ
ʯͷ˰İϣȻһѽĿӸֻ˫СϣʱһԼҵѪڣⲻͣĵѪ


119 
ʱ˫ȻʯͷİסȴϵļҲͣĶ¡
˫ˣ֪ܹˣС˿ڸͲ۳˳һȻ쳣
ֻϵƤһ飬ƺʲôһǶڲͣϵƤȥͷƤһķ飡
ܳʲôǣӴʱҲ˫ϵ쳣һС
˫ϹĶȥһֻһСģҲ񣬿ⶫڲͣһƾһȥ
ֻǶһƺͣһ£Ȼһʧˣʱ˫ĽҲøӵң
ãⶫˣʯͷʱɫŵ˵
Ǽһһ˵Ҫô죬ɣ˵óһذףʯͷ
Ȼ֪⾿ʲôǸղЩɽʬ³һﶼۿˣⶫѾ˫ڣŪ롣
ǸݽɫʯͷͷҲûаԥеذһӾʹ̽˫ĴϣȻһšֱӰһ
ʱ˫۵ֱ˹ȥֻӸǿмһСҸϽóס˫ͣѪ˿ڡ
쿴ʱָ˫Ӹǿ⣬ؽе
ҵͷһֻǿڵϵʱ΢΢ĲһڲͣıСʲôڲͣĿʳһʲôҲûп
ʱһﶼЩëȻӽĶǿ⣬͵ؾеذףԱ߾Ͳȥ
ʱҲѾˣӵذײȥĵطڿ϶ʲôֻǶȫѡ
ֻһذ״ȥӦֱӴ̵ϣǴǶеȴһǴʲôһ
۾һգҲգĶذ׼ϣֻǵطھȻĳһ׳塣
Ǹ׳ͨ죬ͷģƽʱֻ࣬ĶҪĴܶ࣬ĹĵģԲһ㣬Ѿӵذ׸͸ˡ
ϸĹ۲һӣĽצȻһѰѷСһϣĴǣܹʳ⣬ľЩ
ʲôĶͷˮһ˭Ҳûмֳӡ
ʱڵϣ§˫ɫ΢΢ЩףذϵĶ˵ǹ룬һεĳĳӣ
˵ⶫʳϲֻ࣬һҵ˻߶һӵϣ˲ܰһ˸и⡣
ʳϸӿ£Ϊεģ۸Ϳ˰Ǵ֮ԳԭΣԲŻᱻ롣
ֶֻһϼһΣӦˣû뵽Ȼⶫڡ˵꣬ЩĵĲ鿴һۻе˫
ʱ˫ɫ԰ףֻ۾ıţȻѾˣ廹ڲͣĶ
ӣҲɵЩ֣˵ǹ붼ѾŪˣȻϱӸһ⣬ۣķӦȴе֡
ñİ˿ڸʱЩɳɳԽԽ죬ҲԽԽЩҪ
ʱһﶼסˣվӣɳɳԽԽЩҪͷϵ亹ˣҲҪȫǹƶҪ꣬һ뵽˫ղŵĲҾͲɵĴ˸¡
ⶫ»𣡾ʱǱ˫ľĺ
ĻǶع滹ʣµľģһϽľĵȼѵſڡ
ܵĻ棬˶ɵһǴҲףĲô࣬ҪˣЩ뻹ûߣƴһﶼҪ군
С㣬»ʲôѽ𶥲˶õġͷĺˮžʵ
û˵ֻǶҡҡͷı飬һƨ˵ϣнеүݺὭʮ꣬Ĺûʧ֣û뵽ȻҪι˳ӣ
һІ¸ͣǶʱǻԽԽѾҪϨˣͷҲʼðˣ˵ΰ˳Ҫ군

ǿҪʱһֱھ˫ʱͻȻǷһ󺰣Ƕһ
ɳƣԵʮֵʹ࣬ŤͷһֻѾ۾ҸеµǣȻ۵һ˿һɺˮʲôһ걬һ
һֱڱ˵Ů˸Ů˱ҪĶ࣬ⳡҶŵòˡ
ֻ˫һֻɺڶ۾һһӶźͶ㿪ˡ
ϵ˫ӲͣŤзǺǵĹǼһŵдеôǣôˣ
ղ˫۾һҾ֪滹ǹ룬ղŲֹһֻ뵽ڣֲøղӰϵ˫廹ڲͣĲһжΪڻйĴڣ
ǿ˫ͣڵϳ鴤еĶзʱſڵĻѾϨˣЩ뷢ɳɳͣƵһˣЩͻˣҲú˫Щɽһ
ʱ˫ͻȻһͦȻ͵ڵվһֻ۾ֻʣ˺ںĿնѪǣϵıŤȥʮֵˣʱҡ
ľЩԾҪܣ˭֪˫ȴſ죬һУҾͳ˹
һ¸ûзҲûа취㿪һֻͱײ˳ȥɽſڣЩֲĹ롣
һ˵Լο϶ˣûأЩɳɳëȻѾĴҵĶ档
һֱҵ˵ϣֻúһʹԴЩΣӦǸˤˡ
ЩûʲôҸе־ǣһأ͸оֻ̾ҵȫЩ롣
Щٶȼ죬ҸոڵϣЩˮһϯҵȫȫû
оЩҵȫҶҪˣҪУֵ鷢ˡ
Щٵҵ壬Ȼֺһȫȥ
ʱЩΪʲôҪˣϽڵܽſڡ
ʱʯͷһֻѾ˳Ҫңֻû뵽ҾȻֺ˻
Щ̫£ʯͷȻԼİΣҲҪȥңҺܸж˵ͷ˵û¡
Ȼһͷȥֻ˫Ҳ嵽棬Ѿ˵ϣһҲȻһɳɳͼ˫·治ʱĹûмӣӶѾʧֻһ·һſֲƤ


120 Ѫ
˫µ·ſֲƤ˶ĬҾû䣬벻˫һĺӽ
ҿһ۾ֻɫ԰ף۾Ѿˮȥĵ˫Բͨıں͹Ĺϵ˫ĿӦǸ׽ĳ
ҲҪˡʱ棬Щ˵
ſڵĵ汻յĻȣЩ뻹ҽǵܻģҺܿ죬ҪЩ붼ǵ³϶˫һ
ӿ˫Ĳģͣȥͷϵĺˮֱ䣬ɵˣȶӶʼˡ
ҲûᴦȻһղԼ˫ײȥĳ
һԼĺףȴѪǸղŵڵϸˤģͷϵģ˿ڴѾѪˣٶȿļֱ̬
һֻۣҸղˤĵطһС̲ѪҺֵǣһ̲ѪҺȻֹֻĹ롣
ֻҵѪҺ棬һҲѾˣЩŵʱ͸ģ֮ͱ˰ɫ
Ҹղű˫ײɳȥʱûҵЩЩҵȥ֮ϣ˵ҲܽǸôѪҺеֻô£
ԼĺףͻȻӿһ뷨ѵЩҵѪֻ붼ǱѪɱģ
뵽иӵĿ϶ҧɽȵѪҵѾʼ˱仯ҵѪܹסЩ롣
뵽ҲٳɣΪſڵĵѾʼı䣬һߵſڣǶһʯͷһסңʵʲô
ҳЦЦ˵ЩҵѪ
ʯͷ֮һ㶣ƺû˵˼
Ц£Ȼ̧ľԼֲӣһʹѪҵ˿ڴ˳
ҸϽԼѪſһȦʱӵɴ۾ңȫʲôҺǶѪүϵѪúܣҵģ
ȻһӾ˹ҸϽ˰֣Ц˭Ѫãֻҵġ
ҵĻͣ˼˵ܳΪʲôѪУҵѪͲУѲѪǵĲһ
ӵĻҲ֪ôֻͣÿЦһ£ͻȻһ̧ͷһʯͷѪĲͨ˵һ
ʱʯͷƺҲ뵽⣬ֻһߵſڣúڵԼҲһ
ʱɳɳѾԽԽ죬϶Щ붼Ѿۼſڡ
ֻʯͷ̧Ѫ֣ڵرϣȻֽסѪѪƣͼʯͷԼѪһ
ҵ۾棬ֻʯͷѪһȥЩ뷢ɳɳ͸ӵʯͷѪǵɧƺڻæıܿʯͷȥѪ
ʯͷѪ䵽˵ϣҽĶڵϵѪֻʯͷѪոһأǵϾǵʲôѪָֻƽȻģѪֳһɫӣǹ룡
ֻʯͷѪסĹһֻʯͷѪƺľЩĿǣֱ黹飬һȥЧ
ʯͷһۣѧҲҪӵԼѪԣ˭֪˿ڴȴѾûһѪҿһԼ󣬷˿ڵѪҺѾʼճò˶ͻ̡
ľֻһ£Լ˿һ۵ֱѪҺҲѾ˳
ҽһԼѪҺҲʯͷһ˳ȥʯͷղŵһģһмֻˡ
ҲɵһʲôԭѾ֪ЩǵѪҺһʱҲõǳˡ
ӵɴ۾ǰһĻһҺʯͷĲ˼飬ߵſڣذԼֲݺݵһӣ˵ģүһͲаˣ
Ķ̫죬ҸûüȰȻһͰԼѪ˳ȥ
ûа㶯˵ɱЩˣӵɴ۾ȻתͷʵʱʲôѪôã
ȽѽͣҲø˵ô࣬ҽĶ棬ȻЩɳɳһֱûͣ£Щû߿һֱǡ
ʯͷѪŵһȦֹЩǽʱֵĳϵ˿ڸϣһװԼϸһ򹻴ǵѪ˵ûʲôӰ졣
ʱѾӰˣҪҰ˿ڣڵƱ̬ѾֹͣѪϽȸʯͷŪ
쿴˭֪ʱǾȴһָ棬Ľе
ָſڵǽ˳ָȥֻɽǽͣķɳɳǽڵ棬ȻһӣɳɳǸҲԽԽԽԽò˶ǽͻᱻǸ͸
ӿ龰ŵһڵдеܳҪȻĿתҺʯͷ
ЩӰȥ٣ҪǽҺʯͷ֮⣬˸ûа취ȥֿǣ취
㵽ȥʯͷ˵
ȻʯͷվһϺݺݵһ
˼Ѫѱ˸ȦЩ뺦ǵѪҺӦðȫ
ЩٶȺܿ죬ҹǽŲ˶ãϽҲľԼϻһ£ʯͷһһߣѪڵϻһԲȦ
ʱǵҲһһ죬һͷһǽѾЩҧһֱԼ׵Ĵ󶴣Ȼɳɳӿ˹
֪ЩѾǹˣȻ֪ЩҵѪһǾЩͷƤ飬ϽȦ棬ʯͷҲĬ˽
ȦӱϾǵѪģԲܴܺҪȻҺʯͷѪǶվ˽ȥԵЩ˵㡣
Ҹȥ;ЩͷΣһѷסңʵû£
ҡҡͷֻһһ쵽棬óʳҺʯͷĻ棬˵ǸղôѪ϶ʧѪ࣬Ͻ
û뵽һȻðĶǳԣЩжʱɳɳѾ˷ЩˣѾǸΧ
ʱһɫʮֵĽţЩҺʯͷµѪֵܲܵסЩҪǶǵ³϶˫һģһ
˶ŵĶ棬ʮӣȻɳɳûһˣЩҽ
һƨɾ˵ϣ˺Ӹҵʳſڴμ׹ǾŶΣһʼý𹿰ڵϻһԲȦɮ߳ȥǵǲ˶١
ȻȫҲɵżЩҪһֱߣΧǣǿǺã


121 
ƺеĵģ˵£ЩֻϲܳһǾͻصȥ
ĻһﶼһȦ˵˵㣬һﱳܹµģͺˡ
ʱѾȫ͸ˣҳӶʳþ࣬һʯͷֻƺҲûʲô⡣
ʱŵһŮϴĵζתͷһֻԱߣɫЩ΢΢ףŰеſڣǵط˫µһƤ
Ҳ֪ôοҲûôŮ˴̧־ļ֮ǸŮˣЩð
˵Բ˭֪û⣬һƯŰе飬ҿЩۡ
ŮˣӵһμһֱҵӡǸŮǿˣһǰ¶һ˿ģ
ҾԼԵһЩ˵ǸѹˣԶ岻á
ûôŮ˽ӴᰲοŮˣ˵ĻҶ֪Լʲô˼
˭֪һۣȻĶ˵ллȻԴһᣬȻҼϡ
Ů˵ԴһңҵýӲôһǵһθŮ˽ĽӴǸŮ
ҾԼЩ±ŬķŻԼһͨ졣
Ǽһۼ⣬Ťͷһۣһ£ȻϴаЦݣ˸ơ
һһָıģӹȻǶ˫ˣĹȲҼϿӾȻᡣ
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һҲǾڽͷҵļϣҲͣԳﻹа˯⣡
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Щˣӵ۾ʵ
Ӧˡʯͷվӣʱ̫Ѿȫˣ˵ϣʯͷվû˿ԥֱ˳ȥ
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ǾһӾ˳ſڣͨһ͹˫µƤǰдһ壬Ͳͣ
ҺʯͷվҲ֪ôȥοʱû£Ŵ󵨵˳
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һ·ǲҵ󣬵ʱڸϵһɽȡ
ɽɽ֮䣬ɽߴ󣬶ĲɽȷǳĿԿɽһͨȥĵ·ֻط֪Ѿ˶ˣǵ·Ҳ˻Ĳݺʹ
һ߽ɽȣ˵鶼ЩΪ֪صĽѾǲԶˡ
ǰһξ룬һֱǰӽһɤӣ쿴ǰиӣ
ǸϽȥ֮ǰɽ֮ɢķֲżӣһССĴһ㣡
ԶֻĿзӣһӿŲ˹ȥǰŷ֣ЩѾķˣòĲݣеķȻ˴
ط֪жûˣӾĵģ˵ĸоͬһ㣡


122 й
ɽеСӾЩѾ˰ǰֵʱطȴһֻ񣬾ӵĽҲ
˸ߵĵطżǰȻͷ˵ǰ濴ӰӣǸϲˡ
ʷ֪һ֦˵ǽطʮأǱˡ
Ļһﶼͣ˽Ųʮɽ·Ҫƶ°ҹˣڻǸϽҵطӪկĺá
ҹǰɽļʵ
ɽ棬ڷҹȻҪȫĶ࣬Ǽȴҡҡͷ˵Ƿе⣬ҾǻҹȽϺá
Ҳ֪Щʲô⣬ҾǾòԾΪȻôԶһܹоǼƺһ֡
˶֪ҶҵĻ֮׼ұĵطӪֻǼһֵʵЩʲô⣿
ָһЩڵɽϷ˵طȱĵطҪŨĶ࣬²ʲôɾĶ
ҵĻɴ۾ǰ濴˰죬Ȼתͷͷˮ˵ûʲôѽôģ
СʦǶģȻ㿴ҪࡣʱӺ˵
Ļӵ۾ɵø˵涮
øôָָ࣬Сɽ壬˵ΧûһֻҲûгӵĽ㲻
ҵĻ͵תͷȥĶǴӣ˰죬תͷӣɫе㷢׵˵ģǵģѲй
Ҳ֪طԶ㡣ǸСɽ壬˵
ȥһĪѹȸУҸе־ģЩѾ𽥱ҹĻֵƾɷ棬ƺһ˫˫۾ǣҸоë
ɽ£ڰɽӪطǸСһξ룬ҾӸ£ҪʲôطҲһĿȻ
ϴһﻹֵҹҺʯͷصϰҹӺ裬һ㶼ǣ˭֪ͦ˼ȻֻԼŪӣڵһȻߵǰһžͰǼһˡ
˵Ҳ˯ᣬӷҪȥϢûа취ҺʯͷŻص˸Ե档
ǴĶǵСⶫɣźܷ㣬ߵҸƽȵĵط˯
棬ֻѾһˣһҲ洫ӵ˵Ǽһָ˵ḻˣǵӹЦͣǡ
ԶͣĴһҰ޺еҲ֪ʲô﷢ģȼĻѷĻҵ档
Щĵķ˸ӣһ棬ŵҲг
ֻһںӰӣ棬ǸӰȻһͷģ
ұͷŵͷϽѹͺ֧ϸ澲ĵûа
ʱ亹Ѿ·ȫʪͷҵ棬Ҿ͸һ㲼ҪⶫǻģûĺûⶫǸ
ʵ̫˿־壬ҹģһͷ棬ҹ˭ҲܲˣھѾ̲סˣڡ
ǸͷƺҵĶǰ̽һ̽ʱѾѹϣĶܿٵ
ʱҲܲˣһһӾͳվǰȥ
ֻһɫӰӣҸոսӵʱѵһʹ˳ȥǶٶ̫죬ҸûüǸʲôѾʧ˻Ĳ֮С
ܳҵĽӴһǹͳ˸Ĺʱ˶ѣΧҵ档
ʲôǼһǹ²ͣĴʵʱһҲҡ
ղŵֲ̫ڱŵûˮֲ̧һ¶ͷϵĺˮЩµ˵жղжҵ档
Щֵʵʲô
Ǹˡ
ܳѲﻹͬСһЩԾ˵
ⲻǻˣûкЦ˵
ҵȻСһ֮ǱһһӾڵɫЩףͷϵ亹ˣɴ۾Цʵ˵й
˵ͷʱһɫҲÿʯͷ鶯±ӣȻȥ
ֻͷţָҵ˵ǿ
˳ָȥֻҵʱӡһѪӰӣǸӰӺȻһ״ͱӶ
ӡۣͷͻͻֱ϶ǸղǶģ
Ѫһﶼͷ϶亹ȻʱվţҹһȳζֱǱǿꡣ
ôһڣһ˭Ҳûа취˯ˣɴ඼ԣһûһţԴһﶼղŵŪӰʱתͷ档
໣
һһʱɽµͻȻһҵĽǶĳҰ֮󷢳ĺС
ǶһۣʷɫЩ׵˵Ұ
ɽ棬˵һ˼˵ҰܺϻҪ£ɽȴҰĲҽУ涼ɵĴ˸ͻ˵ʲôҰŪ˲ҽС
ҰһͰҲûбֵһᣬֻһۣѾ賿ĵˣǰĺڰڵʱ򣬳ǸǰյĵطһƬڣ˵ĸоЩ˵ѹ֡
һڸоֱǶ꣬ҲˣҲǲɵһ
ˣ˭֪ʱȴǴһ
̧ͷһȻΧ֪ʱѾŨŨİɫȥԽԽŨһᣬѾ
ǰлѣǺŨѾֲָ
ৣৣ
ʱͻȻʲôǺĲݴһ
һӿǹվҲϽվӣȥֻͣĴҲ̲סˣһ̵ġ۶ǹϵİ
ӵһ¶ǰ˹ȥ
ͣǲݴҲûаƺǶѾһ
ʱҶһֵһᣬʱѾȻˣЩ̫Ũ׾ѾԷ
Щ죬ǸϽ˵㶫׼ʰһ£ǰǾʱɽȴͻȻһ֮


123 
෢ɽ´˵ʲôȥֹһ˷ģк̸ܶһ㡣
һﶼһ£Ǹķ˲֪ĻĴ壬ôܻô˵⵽ô£
ȻŨҿ˵ɫ֪ڿ϶һе˼顣
ôˣҪҪȥӹһһĭʵ
ҪǰҪɽ壬ǲȥҲҪȥӵĻһﶼ˵ͷȥ
̫Ũ̫أ֮ϾģģĿ嶫һ˾úЩѣоرѹ֡
ʯͷǰ棬һһųһţһСľɢˡ
ɽû·С·ҲҲˣֻ˳ǴŪһɽ·ߵļΪĻ
˲֪жãҺȻЩԾʯͷǰ棬Ӧˡ
ĬĬһ飬ȴǵĶȻ߸ˣһˣ
治ɵЩëϸһ飬߸ˣһӰڽĸ
ǼһûзָӰڸʷͣ˵ʲôӰŨŨ֮УҿòֻܿһӰӡ
ʱҸоǸӰڽ裬Σգسһǰʯͷ½ǡ
ʯͷعͷϴʵңҽͷյĶߣָָ˵жڸǡ
ҲҵĻʱʯͷһͷȥӰ
˵ɫ䣬ӿдһǹֱӿˡ
ӵȥƺǶֻӰһĽͬһ㣬һʧŨŨ֮С
ǼһͲ֪ʲô£ӵವ߷ɹǶĽҲܲˣҺһŵƨľܵҵĸǰ
ȻǶѾʧˣеǹûͣ£ɨһȦꡣ
ܵߣ˫ץҵֱۣЩʵСʦѽղǵʲô⡣
һûüشӾһȵϣЦүڣ¸
ǵͨ죬ҿӰ˳ҪӶ죬Ͻ˵ˣϽ߰ɣҪȻǶһˡ
ҵĻԴ׼ڵĻʻ˶ӣǼȥֻǰʯͷʱ˶棬ֺãѹ󣬴һҲ÷ġ
Խߣ洫˵ҲԽһʱǰͻȻͣӣɴ۾棬Ĳ˼飬деܳ
ӿ϶ǷʲôǸϽҲɽһ˶ɵˡ
ֻɽȻԭǸɽȣֻȴȫģҲĻĲݺ͸ߴľЩԭõķھȻûȻһ£Ǿÿ־ǣСȻ˵ڲͣĴ
ܵŨ񣬿ɽȴһҲûУطȫһСһ
ϸ¿һֻۣеĵ·ϾȻĿԿ߹˴·Բִ˴ģֻҿǵʲô·
ǰһĻ治ɵͻͻֱȫŪʱʲôԭõɽȾȻǰģ
ȻɽеСׯͣĴ˵ʱڽ߹ȴһҲûУ͸¶һɹϢ
Щ˴·˵ķ񡣾ʱһߵľЩ˵
˾ĻǸӸоطĹ죬ݣһģѾٶˣطôܻˣ
ģŵӰվ棬ݺݵ˵һﱻǰһиЩë
ô죿תͷʵ
ʱһ˭Ҳ֪ô죬Сɽ岻֪˶꣬ʱҲˣ龰ǰȫ
ʱüͷ˵Ӧøһ
ĻһﶼͷתȻǽ
˵һַǳĵкܶط˻ῴŴ߾ӳ֣󱻽С
й¼Ƿڹʹ˵ÿƻʱ򣬰Ĺʹ̫ܿܶ๬ŮӰڲͣæµǹҵλΰˣһֻȥһιʹûȥഫ¼йأһ¼෢ؾ½Ĳɫɳ־ͷഫؾ˿Ŵڴ˵ͻȻðȻʧ
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Щ¼Ҳв٣ֲרҵ鿼֤óһۣ˵з¼ĵطɽǽ壬ߵµ֮жǴʣԼ¼УѧӦµصɽ߳ǽ˴Ŵļ¼ܣܹ¼µӰ񣬴ӶĳϾ¼һطš
Щǿѧҵһ׽ۣҳЩ俴ֳ֮⣬˭Ҳ֪⾿ô¡
ҴСʦܶѧ޷͵飬˵꣬ϸһɽеСɽ壬ЩڴȥӰǵǸоһŨŨ֪һоԲ˵ô򵥡
ʱ˾Ļ˵˵Щ˲͸˲࣬ǸӰˣ
˵ͷ˵ûĻӦ
Ǽһһĭһѽǹʱһ˵Ӱ˴С·ϡ
ҿӵӣ֪һҪǹȻ˵Щ˶ӰӣѹͲţʱ򿴵ҪǹϽеҪ
˭֪һǺˣֻһǹ죬ӵӵǶŴǸ˳ȥ
ľÿҪ£Ķ棬ӵǹ׼Ǹڽţȫûз˳ǹ
ֻǹ֮͵ضһ£Դһ˿ʮǹȻ˵ԴֱӴˡ
ǸԴˣͷ亹ˢһӾһĶǾ˵һӰôӵǹôܰ˵Դã
ʱҲųͷ󺹣ɫ԰ף촽˵ģɱˡ
ʱûаοǽĶ棬ֻǸǹԴûе£һʼͣһ֮⣬κûзһе̧ڽţֻѾûԴ


124 ʧ
˵ֹпÿѧĵͣǿһֻǵĳʱڴȻһӰӰļ¼һضĳ֮²Ż֡
һǹȥȴֱӴ˵ԴǾ֤ļȫǴģЩ˲ûʵӰʵڵģҪȻӵǹҲܰ˵ͷ򱬡
ǸԴڽɢ˵Ӱӣ亹·ʪˣڸŵɫҰףҶҪ޳ˣʵʿСү⵽ǲѽ
ҲûаͷЩ˲Ӱʵڵʵ壬ΪʲôӴԴԺȴһҲûУҿ˵ӸûиоԼԴѾˣеɢŲⳡСĿ˹ƻᵱ
ֻߵֽǣһΣʧһֵĴӣһʱ䶼֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ಣ
ǸֶҹĴׯʱʱȴͻȻһƿʲôٵǳ
һҾӦ˹ֻһӰޱȵӾ˹ȥ
ǸûüǵǸʲôӷһ󺰣ֱӱӰӸײ˸ţһᣬǵӰһ𣬹ľɽȥ
ʯͷǰһץӣϧһֻӵһƬ·
վĵطǸ߳б£±Ƚ϶ֻӸǸӰһֱӾ͹ɽСӡ
ǹСͷ·߲ͣ£ʱǲſ壬ǸӸȥĺӰȻһź·ˣʱڸŤһɽ治ͣĴӵ
ڶڵϣӽĲһӸǹʱǸӰԴת˹Ǹպÿ
˶һֻϳһŧЩŧڻڲͣµںڵѪҺµǣ˵һ;Ȼѵ˶ϡ
û촽һݶⷭɫɢһſЩƵݣֱȶĻҪֲ
ʱҲŻˣвͣڵϣǶͣĴһ
ȥæʱʯͷһɤӣֱȥӺǸֲ˾ͳ˹ȥ
ĻһعĶȥ
ӵλòԶ³˼ҺȻЩ̧֣ͷǰһֻڻǰӸǸʱȻѾӰӣճʯͷҲˡ
˵ʱʲôͣԭأʱʷҲߵȻҲ쳣ͣ
ʱ򿴵ĸӵֻɽ֮вǲˣǸСɽ嶼Ѿʧˣָֻǵһοӣ˻ĲݴЩղŻ˽ķѾá
һҳɵˣ˵ǰĳôͻȻģǴӺ˶õģӺʯͷɶѽȥ
ҼˣȾͳȥǳ˻ĲݣаӰ
ʱΧЩŨŨ֪ʲôʱȻɢ˿ɽ֮Уǵϣղ˻Ҳɢ
Ҳ֪׷ʲô飬ֻ֪ʯͷ˾ĪʧˣҪһ
ղӸǸ˿ֲĺŤλãһֻǵطǻĲݣû°ۼ
ʱߵҵŵɫ԰ףͣ´˵ôˣ⵽ʲôط
ʷ̧ͷźǸưܵСɽ壬ǽҪȻǵȥ
ڵλڴͷûЩĲݣطǽ·ڣղ濴һ
ǷѰȥֻЩһһڻĲľ֡
ȻطһֺܲõĸоʯͷĪĲˣ̶Ѩ˵ҲҪһ
ЩӣҶû˵̧žͳ˹ȥ˶ĸҵĺ档
ܳѽ
ǶӻЩ룬ʹһڵָǰ棬ľ֡
˳ָȥֻǰ淿ӵƺʲôɽ紵ǶҲİڶ
ҶһɵĵһֻڷϵĲʲôһˣһŮˣ
Ůɫ·ȥʮֵۣӵԵù졣
ΣҶһ£ȻҧҧǰǷӸǰŷ֣طԭһСԺֻôЩʯǽѾˮˢĻˡ
ǸŮ˵ʬԺм档
վȥֻǸŮһ£һϵݵķϣȻĲϡ
ŮͷɢԴȫǸͿòϸĿһϵ·Ǽý˿ͼԵľһõ·
˵ⳡе㺦£淢ĻŮ˵·
Ů治֪жˣϵ·ȥȻµһһҲûбɣһ˿ҳûȥŮ˸ողŵһ
ʱҲ⣬ԱߵһнеܳŮ˵·ôµһ
ûǽĶǸŮˣڿǸŮ˴¶·ֻơ
ֻƲûиû߸ɿݣȥɷӯӯӯһգ˫ϾͿԿ˾һŮˡ
˫ȻƯȴûаĻֻһȥܸо洫ĺ䣬˫ֵɫҰףΪ۵ʮָָ׶Ϳʺɫ
ҽĶ˫֣ΪÿǸղƺĿŮ˵ָһ¡
أأ
˭֪ͲʱҵĶͻȻĳǸŮĿȥҵĶ̲סĲһ¡
Ů˵ĿĵطҪ֪Ů˵ʲôίҪ
ʱǰȥֻǸŵŮѾһϣɢͷѾã¶һƯ
ŮʮֵȻ˵ǵľգǿȥһСұᡣ
Ůĳ᲻ͣεϣʮʹ̲סҪǰȥʲôĵ顣
ܹ죬ڵһҲûоﲻԣ׼ȷ˵ҵڶǸŮ˵ϣҲûбͷ
ǸŮǰߣûҺȻоĳҵֱۣЩջ𣬲ɵ͵ػһ֣˸˦˿
ǰͻȻǰһϾͱ˺ݺݵƣҵܴ󣬳ߵһۡ


125 ʱջþ
ҵ̫ݣұһ£вɵһѻ𣬿ǻûüһеҵĶϴ󺰣ѣ
ǸŮ˵ҷǳϤǾڽңʱǰҡ
һҲ֪鲻ԾӣǰһֻۣǰǸŮɵڷϣˣ
ʱĵĿֲͣĴҵĶ棬֪йŹ֣ϽҧһԼ⣬ȥǸŵŮˣź˼
ʱ˹һҲˣ˭֪ʱͻȻӰ
Ťͷһֻʷڶ̧ͷֱǰ棬֫Ӳһǰȥ
һǵӾ֪һ϶Ҳ˵ˣҸղſ϶Ҳһ
Ҵһһӵʷĸǰ֪ʱҲûʲôãֱֱۣžžҿ͸Ĵ͡
ʱҲĸǰɺݺݵĳơ
ȵϣһ£ԭֱҲ˻ʷӵɴ۾ʵҸʲô
Ҳýôˣ͵һ·˵ǸŮ⣬ߣ
ʷһɤӺһ㶣ɫ৵һӾͰˣƺҲ뵽˸ղŵĹ֮һԵĸҵͷǰߡ
ƳһԼͻȻǸŵŮ˲֪ʱѾ̧ʹԴһһҲһ˫ɢĺ۾֮⣬ȫһã
ʱ򴫵ǶĵĿһЦ·ĵһͷǵֱ
֪ǸŮ˿϶һֻһֻʦ˵¶ŮԹأ¶ŮˣԹӵء
Ů˷һֱԹڵҸͶԸԻǸϽ·ҪҺǰ죬Ů¹⣬߳䣬ҪϣҹǶˡ
Ȼ£ǽطΪʯͷӵģûߣǽ˴棬һξ룬ǶͷŮû׷Ҷɵһ
ЩΨһģһ뵽ԼղžȻ˵;Щһ۾˵лл
Ůص˵ͷЩ֣ղ˶УֻоһѵģѲŮȻ֮ŮûЧ
һ۾ʵղѵûŮĿ
˭֪ȴʼЩĶ˵ˣҲˣǸŮˣɲЩһôϧ
ĻҾһûţ˿ʷ˵ɫҲЩΣټ⡣
ʱǸպߵһӸǰⶰ浹ûŮˣмȴǰڷһڵĹײģǹײľͷݵм䡣
ײЩ֣һ˼ң˭Ҳܰѹײİڷŵ棬˷ɥǼ⡣
ˡʱʷָŹײԱ߶˵
˳ָȥֻǹײԱߵĵϣʱɢʮ˵ʬǣЩʬǶѾõֻʣ˹ͷ
ǰһУطôôһѲЩ˶Ƕǵμˣ֪Ϊʲôȫˣ
˰죬ӽƶϣЩôأ
û߽Ǽӣ˼ķȥСɽʮ˼ң컹ûеǾѾת˸飬ûзʯͷӵӰӡ
ǵɫôÿһΪûҵʯͷӣһΪĶ
ǾȻСÿһ˼ҶˣǾЩëȻѲһȫ𣿵ʲôˣʲôȫģ
ǰӶתˣûҵӺʯͷֻһʱ䣬Ѿʮһˡ
Щż˵ʮˣǿȥ
ʮҲǹ˵ʱʱؼʱҲʢתʱ˵Ȼʱǰ죬һЩҲؽ̩Ĺҡ
Ҳұ֤᲻ʱ֣ûԶ뿪طŰȫ
˳ԭ·أֻǸŮķӵʱ˹ȥ˭ҲڿǸֲŮ
Ѿ쵽ʮˣǼ߳ǸСׯʱǵȻһĽ
ЩĴ洫ģһͬһӦǹޡ
ǻ࿴һۣ˶ЩŵɫףָӪĵط˵Ͻȥ
һ˰ɽʱĽҲͣǲɵһҲ˲ͷϵĺˮһƨɾ˵ϡ
ʯͷ˵ȥɰͷҲûУ漱ĹǺҲ֪һûΣա
ʱҲҵߣһɽеĴׯüͷţȻ󻺻˵ǿ϶ǱǸӸˡ
Ļ͵̧ͷʵ˵ʲô
ʱָ˵ȻҲ֪ʲôŹ֣ϳֵĴȻڿĴһȴȫһһɣϳֵǸӻһʱտն
ʲôʱտնĻңʷͷˮ
ʱտնʱֵĿնϿСɽ岢ڵСɽ壬֮ǰӡ
˵еƿڣҺǶö
˵ʯͷǽʱնص˹ŴҵĻ֮˵ͷ
ľ˵ƺЩԣһ£ȻһΪؼ⣬һж˵ϿǹŴˣЩȻǹŴǿռҲţһǹһ˵ԴˣȴȻԲǻˣ
ҽԼƶ˵һ£ʱҲĬȻҲ޷顣
ʲôҾǸŴĴӾԲֻнųֳ֡Ĭһᣬ˵
ĻҾҲмֵ˵ͷ˵Ǿȡ
˵ʵȻþ˵еǸûбϣʯͷ棬ֻҪһϣҶԸȡ
ط˹죬ǲҵܣ˵㶫ҸϽŴ˯Ϣô飬ҹƵϴһ˭Ҳ˯Ͻһ˯ߡ
ȵϣѣһûһţҲʱĻͷ濴ۣںһƬͿ㶫
ҪżǴӳֵʱѾʱ򣬶ҵʱ˴ҵ񲻶˵
Ļĳ˵һ㣬ǳӦǸصĴׯֵҪԭ
뵽ЩҪЩŨ֣Ѳʯͷ˾ԶҲܳ
ڻһҹûкۣʱҺȻΧĿЩʪЩ̧ͷһܹȻӿ˸һŨ


126 Ů
һŨŨһӾڵվʱҲ´·˳ɽ·˲·ڴһ˳·˹ȥ
ͣǸ𣬷ȥҲɵĵһֻͲһŨŨǸСӡ
ôЩ૵˵
üͷ˵ûг֡
ʯͷİοǴ洦˹Ź֣Ҳ֪˵ôˣЩۣһͳȥ
ڵŨҸͿµ·һˤڵأľ¹˹ȥ
ʷĺȻǵĽŲǿ϶Ҳҳ
¹Զͣ£ˤûۣϽڵһһƬããŪԼڵ
ʱͣǵĺұôһˤҲ˲٣ط̫ΣգԼһ˿Ҫ⣬ϽڱľǴĺ
ҾΧĲݴһ󻩻죬ǵٶȵͦ죬Ͻĵط˹ȥ
ط̫Σգñֿһһ˵Ȼ󿴵ǰ֮վһںӰ
ӰҲɵЩ֣˵ѵֿ˲ɣôֻһˣ
ǵӰȫ֮УҸͿ˭ʵôֻһˣأ
˭֪˷·ûҵĻһվһҲҲûлشҡ
ʱѾֻĲľ룬ͻȻоЩԾվԭأʵ˭
ʷ˭ҵĻûɲشģӰǣ
˭֪Ҹո˵꣬ͼǵӰ͵һһƿŨŨҾ˹
ҺøղҾͲԾˣѾ׼ʱǺӰһҴһеľ˹ȥ
ƺû뵽ҵķӦô죬ҳҵĽѾ߸ߵľҪǰôҾͻֱӿԴϡ
ʱֻ˵һǰӾȻ˸ת䣬Ա߾˹ȥʧŨŨ֮УǵطĲݴԴ졣
ȻѾʧˣҲûзӵľýţΪ˸ոճʱ͸ƿ
˵ӡرҹ˭һҲǣΪʵֲ̫СĿƻֱιȥ
Ǹɽµĺˣ
ʱ˺£Ļǽţ˼ȻˣʯͷһʧģֻʣԼʯͷѵʲô⣿
뵽ҸоԼĽһ£ʱִĽǸղ˶Ϊҳʲô⡣
ҴӦһȻĿ£û߼Ǿͻһ𣬾һۣҶͷϵĺˮЩֵʵղôˣ
Ҳһֲ̧һͷϵĺˮ˵ղǸˣȥˡ
ҵĻʷ;ɫЩףǵһ˵ܳǸأ
ҡҡͷ˵ûп
ʱһҲЩԤУɵĵʯͷӵİΣ
ȻΧŨŨڴһﶼʯͷӵİοǾĴ߿ܲҵǡ
ǸֲˣǶҴ⣬ĸ˱ΧһȦ費ͣسɤӽʯͷӵ֣Ǹûһ
ΧǸͿߵˣֻһǳһŵǰߣѾԽԽȻ溦£Ҳûرģ̫ò˶þͻɢ

˭֪ʱǰȴͻȻЦЦŮ˵
һҸоǱһͰˮͷŮ˵ҲʮֵĶ죬ǴǸŮ
֪Ůǰ棬Ťͷһ˵ɫŵòҰףŮܹԻģϽڿڴͳķÿһš
Լģܹ֮ûбʲôôӦܶŮá
ȻǰһǸͷβߣ췢һѾڿҵݹȥֽɫ԰׵Ľ˹ȥû˵ʲô
ҽеľĶǰ棬ֻЦǰһɫӰֵƮ˹
֪Ӱӿ϶ǸŮڿѾǳ˹Ҵһһɷľ棬ǸɫӰӾʹ˹ȥ
ŮϵɷŨأ֮⣬˶ûа취ԿֻΪǿ˶ס
ֻһ˹ȥŮӰַЦֻоԼǰһҲӰ
ŮͻȻʧһӾɵˣϽŤͷ˵㵽ұŮ̫
ͲҷԸľͶ㵽Һ棬ֽĳҵ·һֱߣڿһĻ׵ϾǸŮˣŻˣʷһ£ŷӦһվ
ʱҾľڻͳһѷֽݸˣԸǴҪǷʲôֻһԵĶȥС
ʱǴصĴϢ֮⣬ΧһƬĵģְ˵ͷоʮֵѹ֣֪ǸŮ϶һھĹ۲ǣһҲҴ⡣
ܳʱ跢һ󺰡
ҸϽͷȥֻһɫӰ˹
ûͷûԵĳǳŮеķֽ˳ȥЩֽûһŸŮӣһգ۵Ĺͱ嵽˸ǰ
ʱҴһ͵˳ȥеľǸŮ˹ȥ
˭֪Ůһ׵ıܿһҾ͸оԼһһֻѩ׵Сָץ˸š
˫СַǳףȾźָףȥʮֵƯƽʱһ˫ָץסҿ϶ʮֵ⣬ȴһҲ˲ΪץסҵֻСûа¶ȣһ飬һһ㼦Ƥ
ҪǣôһֻСץסҸоԼǱһֻϻǯסˣۣ̲סһȻһɣľѵһ˵ϡ
ľһڵϣҾ֪²ãзһУ̧žǰŮ˹ȥ
˭֪ŮûжһŸ߸ţζûлһ£Ҹоߵһϣһʹ


127 ͨ
ȻʹڵȴûжӦΪҵǸŮţúܽҵϡ
ŮֺܰסȴʮֵˣӦǿֲ
ֻŮѾûһ˿Ѫ⣬ȫǸҰ׵ͷһ˫۾ȴڣѾûƤֻʣֻԲӣֻͬһֱңŵͷ
ұŮŵëȻûзӦͼͻȻſ죬һʺͷĿһҵĲӾͲ
ͷɫͨ죬滹մ˶ĵճҺһ͵εδֱ䣬Һ÷ǳܣоԼĲһȻͱĲסˡ
ŮͷһҵĲӣ͵һҸоԼǱӸס˲ӣһӾͲܺˡ
֪ҪǲѿԼ϶ᱻŮͷƴýȥŮӾһ壬߲
Ѿͨ죬ըһӻۣҶĵǣŮ˵ͷҵĲһȦ֮ȻͣҵȥŪȫ˶ĵճҺ
ʱѾŻˣȫûа취ˣͷͻȻһ̵ܳģ
ʷˣȻҾͿһҺ˹ĿŮͷͿȥ
ֻ۵һŮͷһΣϿĵطһںڵѪˮֱӾ絽ҵϡ
һûüӦŮһҵĽҸоץŵ͵һӾֱӱȻص˵ϡ
ˤϣȻҸоĹͷҪˣҸ͹˲ϣΪŮͷȻʷˣһɲҵĲ棬ҸʹѾҪˡ
ֺҵĽǰͷԼ泶ſڵĺһȴû³
ŮͷϿ֮ѪҲŵѪжѬһĶķθ
ֺҵĨһŸоһ㣬Ȼǰ洫һҵĽ跢ġ
ҸϽ̧ͷһֻŮѾ˹ȥʷŤͷܣһʧŨ棬ҲӰ
ʱֻʣ¾һˣƺɵˣɫ԰׵վԭһҲǸŮۿҪ嵽ǰ
ʱŷӦֻһͳǹľǸŮ˹ȥ
ӵŮϣǴһ˾죬ҺõģȻûнŮˣҲͣ
˺üǹֱӵˣʱŮַһҽУ˹ȥ
ۿŮҪ˵ǰд󼱣һѼڵϵľҧ֪⣬һѪ絽ľ棬ں˹ȥ
ʦ˵޵֮˵һڱѪ֮ϣⱾѪΣͷܹù֮ҪܳʱָܻʦԸңͷǧҪⱾѪġ
ۿҪ⵽ŮĶ֣ﻹܵôֻ࣬ľһմҵıѪȻһɫ⡣
ʱ򲻸ٳɣ˫ǰһͣŮĺľͲ˹ȥ
ֻ۵һŮԭӵ򲻴һ֮£Ȼ񶹸һ˽ȥ
ľһ̽ŮڣӾ͵ͣȻŮһҵĽ̵ҵĶĤһۡ
ʱﻹ˵ô࣬ͦľͣǰҸոһ;һᣬȻǰӰȻŮӰӡ
һڱѪһȻˤڵϣϽľڵϡ
ʱ˹ȻɲҰףǰסңеʵû£
ҡҡͷʱҾԶͣĴһҵĿһİһЩëȻǸŮ
ȻĺģܣɲҷɣΪҲȷŮ᲻ٴγ֡
ʱߵĲݴַһ󻩻һΪǸŮֳ˹һڵϵľ׼ƴ
Сʦû°ɣʱݴ洫һġ
Ҳһ˵û¡
Ȼݴִһ󻩻춯ֻʷ˹
ƺԼղЩ壬˵ı鶼ЩΣʷ˼ץץͷƤǽ͵Ƕ̫ˣղŸûôֻ࣬ˡ
˰֣ʾԼ⣬ղ£ƻ˭һʱ뵽ҲܣʷķӦ֪ΣջܻѾ㹻塣
ʱԶڲͣĴŮ֮һһԶǻĺëֱҲ֪Ů᲻һγǽš
쿴ɢˣʱҵľͻȻ˵Ľ
̧ͷһֻʱͷŨѿһ϶нɫѾҲɵһ̫ЩΣֻܡ
ֻŨһʼֻѿһ϶Źûжã⵽϶ԽԽ󣬹ֻңѾȫʧϺɽȡ
̫ˣ˶ɵһһֻվǴӴڵλá
Ȼڵľƣ˭Ҳ̫Ͻԭ·Ǹɽ档
ҶԼıѪߵԭأ˯˹ȥһ˯ѹ
ĸ˷һ£ǽȥǸӣ϶ʯͷǽȥǵطǴӽ첢ûг֡
뵽ЩżҪôҵʯͷӣѵǸþһĴĲڳ
ϵĵģ˵ģҹǵط϶ٳֵģǶ졣
Ļҵ˵ͷڳ˵֮⣬Ѿûиõİ취ʱͻȻһ뵽ϿǸһſֲӵĺˡ
˸ʯͷһʧģˣô˵Ѿǻþˣʯͷأȥ
뵽治ɵһ󷢺䣬ȻʯͷӵֶʮȴҲɵ룬ѲʯͷѾ⵽˵Ķˣ
ʱƺҲ뵽һ㣬üͷţȻ󿪿ڶ˵ʯͷָǿӦò⣬ҹǸܹ߳Ϊ֪߳Ǹþĳڡ
Ļһ˵ҲмֵǺȻ죬ʯͷ֣˲ôɵİɵӵлǹô˽ֻܹ֣һֿܣ֪ô߳ǸþʯͷӲ֪档


128 һĿռ
Ǹӻֻ֣ҵǸֵ˲ܽȥҪҪǣǸǲˣ
Ѿϣɲ˯Ȼһֱȵ˰죬ǽϸûŽ̫ĬֵĹʯͷҪȥǸֵĺˣǸͲ֪Ӱ
ٵȵȣȼֵܻġҰο
ڳ˵ȣѾûбİ취˭֪һȾ죬һﶼǰ˯ҹŨʹׯҲûгֹһΡ
ѾˣϵʱԽãʯͷӵΣҲԽ
⼸찾ҶѾʧȥϣȴڵϷ˱仯
һﶼ˼ҹˣöЩۣҲЩԺģʱȴԱߵľһ쿴ˣ
˹һΧȻһӿŨŨȻЩŨ˴ȴ˵ĿҪϽվǸСɽȥ
ȥʮֵĽţΪ£µһỹǰװ׻ϲһǸûг֡
վСɽʱֻǰѾûŨŨǸСӣĳҵǰ
Ҹ˵ĲгʱҲӣһ󼤶ҪȥӸոһֱ۾ͱ˸ץסˡ
һͷһץסҵǾֵʵô
ʱüͷ΢΢ţ˵ӸǵһοЩһ
ղһӳ֣ǹʯͷӣʲôҲûҪȥʱ򱻾ס侲һСɽ壬о˲Ծ
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ʱҲҳ嶯ˣͣӣվԭϸĹ۲ֵСɽ壬Ƕ˰죬һ㶯ûС
ʱѾоߵԽԽвɵİģһһصʧҪҪȥʱȴ棬ָһСԺĺ쿴
˳ָķȥֻСԺٵӰһ£һĿԲģ
ӰһȻ߽СԺһƫ
ӰҳһſڽгΪӰϤޱȣǰµʯͷǸֵļһɡ
ȻǵӰһһǿϵ·ãǿӣԵʮֵǱ
߽ƫ漤֣ʲôҲû룬Ľеʯͷӣ
Сɽǵľ벢ԶҽеʮֵĴ˵ӦĵһɤӺȻҲûдĵһᣬǷһ㶯ҲûС
ȻСɽҸоܲҿʯͷǣﻹܵˣͳ˹ȥֻнĸҵ
һͳ嵽ɽ£˴ǰ·ڴǵһʱͻȻоһ˿쳣Ϊһϴǰ·ڵʱҸоԼʲô
Ƕһ㱡ıĤһӾʹ˹ȥҸϽͣ˽ŲͷһֻۣյģȻȫ˾˵Ӱӡ
ҳһûҷӦֻǰһӰƾճһһӾײҵĻҲײ¡
һֻײҵ裬һԴұԹ˵Сʦô˵ͣͣأײˡ
һûüشֻƾճӰǾʷ
һ֣Һͷˮʵôˣ
û˵ȥߵղͻȻֵλãһҵҲûиоκε쳣
תͷʵܿ
ײ۵Դ˵Сʦôˣô˵ҿõ㣿
˼һĬƬ̣ȻʵʲôԾĵط
ҰԼĸоиղſζ˵һ飬ʱԴ˵㲻˵һˣղҺҲָо
ʷҵ˵ͷҲоˣǸղһͷôһ£
ʷҰһ˵һֱܿ㡣
Ļ͵̧ͷǰһ仯ûУǳɽ£ǵʱΪʲôأ
ʱȴͻȻӣŵ£ͳ˵طйŹ֣ɽĽӡ
ĻһҲɽȥĸһģɽĻĲݲ֪ǲȵ˶٣ȥĲһ仯ҲûУǴûǸû°ۼ
ʱһﶼüе㷢һĭʵ⵽ô£
Ǻܿܽһռ䡣ʱվӶ˵
ĻҶû˵ɽ¾ͳȥ뿴滹û⼸µĺۼǲͬ˵ǽһռ䡣
ֱ壬ֵǣոճûжãҵһ㱡ĤǰһȻԴһܳ
跢ģǰܣһӦҵǣȴҵ𣬶ʮֽ
һתͷһֻ裬ʷҲߣܴһۣԼڸûгɽ£ֻصԭء
ϵ亹ˢһӾ˵ɫҲÿתͷʵղŸղŷʲô
ͷϵ亹ˣ˵Ҳ֪ҿǰߣȻһӾʧˣûգ۵Ĺðˡ
ԡǰ棬Ȼһǰ˹ȥ
ߵĺǽĶӰֻ˴ԼԶʱӾȻƾʧˣûһҾ;ǰһƾðһվǵǰ
һ°Ҳһ⾿ôһ¡
ʱüͷǰ棬Щ˵طȥ
Ĳµһ㣬˵һ̲סʱʯͷ˵İο˵ȲˣҪҪҵ
ղſʯͷˣԵʮֵǱ֪ʲôûˣǵġ
ҵĻҲعŸղŷʯͷӵǸСԺ˹ȥ


129 СŮ
ǸСԺڴӵǣģԺӶЩ룬̤Ͻĵ·˹ȥ
Ȼûаǵ·ȴ쳣ĸɾһƬҶûУǸոձ˴ɨһ
·ϣ涼ɵЩ飬Ϊ̫ˣͲл˵ĵط
һ۵·ǰĹ䴦ǵطǹǸ˵Դõĵط˵˵ԴˣӦûѪȴɸɾģһۼû¡
̫˵ˣҲ㣬ûһ˿磬ҶҲһվ˸еʮֵѹ֣ѹЩѡ
ҸоĲڣһˣǵɫҲÿҺСԺǲǺԶûж󹦷Ǿߵ˸ǰ
һعͷһԶһԺӣǸŮĵطȴԺŷŽգʲôҲ
ҲȥعͷֻǰԺҲıţһڵȥһ⼣ҲûУǸոձһ
ô죿ҪҪʷߵſڣǸʵ
ղſӺʯͷʱһﶼСģ·㶯Χ϶ʲôǸе¡
ǿаһ϶ж˵ʲôżȻţǾ˵ʯͷ˽ȥʱҲûš
һֻԺǽǺܸߣ׾ȥǽڻһۼǲǰ˸ոǵطӦʯͷµĺۼ
ָָǵطԴ˵ȥȻǰ˹ȥ
ߵǰǲŷ֣ǽĺۼǽ滹żשȥ˿ġ
վǼש棬ܹɵķǽͷʱҲԥ˫һǽϣȻԺ档
ʱһҲǽͷǴһԺӣֻԺӲֻһССƫ
ǼƫȥֻǷľŽĹţҸҪȥƣָϽ˻ΪҿھȻֲѪӡ
˫ӡģѪѾᣬûзɣʱ䲢̫
˫ӡͻͻֱ⵽ʲôģѲʯͷˣ
뵽ŷ˿ȥһֻ֨һȷžͱҸ˿
Ŵ򿪣һûķӦͼһӰҾ˹ͬʱҵĶһܳүүһ£
͵̧ͷֻҳǸһڵ߸ߵľĲǹǹгҵԴ˹
ļƣټһţһҪǱһ¸УԴƻᵱ
ŵĽеܳң
ҲѾˣһѾˣȫûзҲۿҪһǹиɵϣһ˫ȴͻȻץסҵļ򣬽Ӳ
ʱǰҲһӰһֻ־εץסӵļ
һͷһǾվǰʯͷ
ʯͷ治ɵĸ֣ϽߵǰµĴһۣʵû£
ʯͷϵ·ãֱлһȥҲ̶ãҺõǣȻ·˲٣϶ʲôԵ˺ۣҾҲ
ôҲˣǣЩԾʵ
ҸҪشʯͷȴ֣˵ȥ˵
ҿɫ֪࣬϶ΣգϽ˷䣬ʱҲ˽
ʯͷСĵĽŸϣҴһ۷棬ֻⷿ䲻տյûʲôǽѸɲݣѹĺۼطӦþʯͷ⼸ĵط
ҵһתʯͷǿȴŵҲֻʯͷվһСŮǸСŮȥӣ߲ŵʯͷ䣬ֻǱ裬ԲԲģֻںڵĴ۾ҡ
СŮһֲ·һǹ˵װվʯͷһֻС֣ĳ½ǣʯͷǸûиоһ
һطʲôˣСŮʮа˾һֻ
뵽һѳľһС
СھվʯͷҵẦʯͷԶǳ죬СŮûüӦҵľѾҪͷϡ
ܳʱߵȴǷһ󺰣Ҿ͸оԼһֱӱӲ˹ȥľҲ˸ա
һûüӸʲôͼǸСŮŵɫףڝһӾͶ㵽ʯͷ󣬿оֵĽţְְ֣֣
ѽҵСүŮǹǸѽסҵʱҶ˵
ʵǸСŮڽʯͷְֵʱҾˣһʼΪСŮһֻʯͷӸͿڿ˶ܿСŮ
˵꣬˶ĿɿڴŶʯͷͣаְֵСŮоĲ˼顣
ʱȷӦ˹һһ˫۾ʯͷֿ˿ӣкٺٵЦ˵ѽ⼸Ȼ˸Ůôˣ˭ģ
˵ȫЦʯͷүǣӣż죬ҲܳôСŮ϶ģΪʲôҪʯͷְأ
ͷˮʯͷȻ󿪿ʵ⵽ô£
ǸСŮǣ½ǲͣĽаְ֣ȻֱǽĶţʯͷҲһ˿Ρ
ʯͷƺܹǸСŮͷοһ£Ȼ˵Ǽ񵽵ġ
ʯͷڸ˽̸˵һûģǼһǰһȷֳĺһƣֵĵģүһүǣ
һǣһƣƨҲûһӶ㵽˺档
ߵǰ棬˵ľ
ԭ죬Ǻ˸ȥ֮󣬼ʯͷֽǸ˲˹ĶˣǵһͷǾȻȫˡ
ҹӵʱӦøǸղŽʱһܹõǣǿǡ
˸о֣Ǹֳ˹죬˲׽ȥֻԭ·أҪȥ˭֪ôߣ󶼻صͷ
˰죬ʯͷ֪Ծˣûмߣûа취ֻСɽ壬һͷû߳ȥͨ
û뵽С淢һ˵ܡ


130 
Ӵ˹죬ʯͷߵķǳСģǻûǿӣһصǺŽǵһ㡣
˸һȻͼ½Ժ˳ȫŴӺȥ
Щ棬Ǹһǹͷˣ˵ͷȻˣƺһҲûӰ죬ǣЩһҲûа㷴ӦȫûзͷѾˡ
ֻ棬ŮףһǸصĺŽ˳ȥӺʯͷ˸㲻ʲôŵöڲݴ治ҳ
ֻûãȫߵһɶĵһƬ
ʯͷ˸㲻⵽ʲôѾһ߶գҲûʲôúµģڲݴ滺վӡ
㿴ǣովɫףͻȻָŲԶһԺӡ
һСϣǸԺڵĵƽϵͣʯͷȥܹԺΣֻԺӵʱŴ󿪣һµŮڷ֮ϡ
ŮϵˡһĭЩŵʯͷ˵
˵Һ;һۣǿǸŮ˿϶ǽ쿴ǸŮ֪Ϊʲôԭɱġ
ʯͷǸŮˣڿҪҪȥʱһԺͻȻһ쳣춯ʯͷ˸Ͻתͷ
ԺӸԺӲһΪղźŽʱ漸еԺŶˣȻǶ˳ȥֻǸŮ˵Ժû˳
ֻԺӵԺŽıţһѾȥˣϵġ
ʯͷ˽ĶſڿʱԺӵԺǽִһ춯˵·Ħǽڷ
˱һǹ׼˷Ǹط
ֻϤϤһںԴǽ̽˳
һ˵Դط˹Ź֣˱ȿ˾ģǸԴ̽ʱӴһ͵ؿ۶еİ
˭֪ԱߵʯͷĶ죬ӿ۶ǰһ룬ͻȻ֣һӾͽӵǹڸԱһᡣ
ǹʯͷһһǹҲƫˣûдǸ̽Դ
ǹʯͷƿӲɵЩջ𣬸ʯͷô£ֻڵʯͷȴǽüͷǰ档
ӸϽתͷǰȥֻ̽ԴһŮԴСŮԲԲģ۾ģͷСӣȥʮֵĿɰ
СŮһҲɵˣΪ̽Ļʲôħ֣û뵽ôһɰС
СŮ۾ľʯ뵽ԼղŻСŮǹӶԼĳ嶯
ʱСŮƺѾӵǹŵˣŴͣǾֵı飬һ˫۾ȴǽĶʯͷ
ȻСŮɰӵ˸УǸˣֻһ£ͻָʮа˾ŵĶǻˣôСŮʲô
ǹӣʯͷʵ
ʯͷĶǸСŮ˵ҿһӦǸˡ
ʯͷĻȻһɲҴ⣬СŮȻǸˣѲ˶ǻˣһѴԽص˹Ŵ
һ뵽⣬ӲɵľЩͷۣ˵ľôһѽ

ͷ۵ʱǸվԺǽСŮȴͻȻڣһĽ
̧ͷһֻǸСŮ溬Ứֻ۾Ķʯͷеġ
ӱСŮĳƺŪһ㶣ʯͷƤҲݺݵĳ£ƺʯͷûлشǸСŮһᣬȻ
СŮÿɰޱȣһޣʯͷүһӾͻֽţʯͷߵ˶˵˼仰СˣֻԭأɵɵĴ޵СŮ
ӱСŮ޵ģ˫ڿһĨȻˣһ䣺ģСӾǷˡȻתͷʯͷ˵ڽ㣬Ҫȥ
ʯͷӵĻŤͷһۣȻһ̽ǰ˹ȥ
ǸСŮʯͷֹͣ˿вͣĽŵȻʯͷܹСŮǹСŮֵ̫죬ʯͷȻҴ⡣
ߵǽ£ʱǸСŮѾ̽ˣſָ˵ʯͷͣĻ衣
ʱĵؾǹ׼СŮԴ׼һб仯ǹ
ֻʯͷߵǽ£֣ǸСŮȥ
ʯͷĶʮֵСģָǸСŮֱһͿٵĵˣ̽СŮû¡
ֻʯͷָ֮Ťͷӵ˵㣬ʾСŮû⣬һѼͷǹҲܵǽ棬ЩֵǸСŮתץͷƤĲ⣬һ໰ĵô£
ʯͷȻûа취شСŮӹЩµĽԴǽ棬һ˫۾Сĵ
໣
˭֪ʱԭЩ˵СӵĺȴǲͣĴһֲĽܿʼһ㱡
Щֻ֣ӵĺ棬ԭЩȥķֳ˲ӰƺЩ˻
ЩӰӺʯͷͷɵֱΪ˺٣ֻжʮЩϵ·õġմѪе˻˲ϣ¶ֲ˿ڣһԴ˰ߣǱʲôһ
Щ˲ϴˣӺʯͷе־ǣЩϲѾûһҳһŨŨӺʯͷоʮֵΣա
ʯͷĿɿڴʱǽСŮȴЩŵĺ
ĺټЩӰȷʵ˺£ӸϽڵϼ˼ש浽棬ʯͷ˵ҪȽȥ
ʯͷɫЩףӵĻ˵ͷԾԺǽ档
Ժ棬ԴȥֻЩֵѾ߻˴ӡ
Щ˵Ŀͣȫû˻˸еϢҿлͣķǺǵĽͬҰһ㡣
Щ˸߻ԼԺ棬Ȼֻظ
ӽͷ˻һСŮСŮƺһŵʯͷǰŲŲ
ӱղŵθһͷ亹ֲһѣȻڿڴһɿϼһõЦݣǸС˵Сǳԣܸܲ⵽ôһ£
һﳤ̫ԣȻһЦǻСŵСףץʯͷӣ̧ͷһۡ
ʯͷ˵ͷȻСЩӵһץеɿ˵Щ˶ˣǻܵġ


131 ͽ
Ļһû뵽ЩϻܳȻӵɴ۾ĶСŮʵô֪ģ
СŮɫЩףʯͷ˿һСϴſ־ʯͷ˵Ҳģ
ĻʯͷӳһϽСŮʵˣ
СŮָͷһ£Ȼ󿪿˵ӵɽԿʼѾǵˡ
ϸѯһСŮԭСŮ棬ĸԻ
Сĸĸǰɽȥˣһ˸˼棬ΪɽźӣСŮһڼҲǾ飬ĸһ㶼Ǹ³Եģͻ
һȴ⣬ΪĸĸҲûл
ڵһϣС˯ԺʱͻȻһˣ汻ţȥԾվǽͷ濴
ͨСŮ֪ΣϣСŮǽͷʱֻ治ͣӰԿʮֵЩȫʶǴˣֻЩȴǲͣ׷Ť򣬿зǺǵĹֽҰһ
Сﱻǰ龰ŻˣϽӣ±˿ԼȻͿӰǰ治ԶĴŤ
ʶǸڵţүүĶӣֻүڸһ仰Ҳ˵ǺǵĽţڵϴһš
ţүүĶͻȻһʯͷһӾͰԴˡСŮ˵СϲҰһƬЩȻĳеЩ־塣
أЩżʵ
ţүү˺öˣǣǰţүүˡСŮ˵⣬ƺҲƲסĿ־ˣСֽץʯͷ½ǣˮֱ䡣
ʯͷһ˿ϧӽСŮһļȻʵأ
Сﱻʯͷţ࣬Ȼ˵ǳţүүֳ˺üˣȻͶȥˣǰҲڴܣҶڳˡ
ͷϵ亹ˣ˵Բۣӵôˣôˣ
أʱСŮ§ʯͷĲӣɴ۾ʵ
ʯͷĻ֮һ£Ȼ˵Ҳ
ʯͷĻ֮СŮһ£ѿʯͷĻź۾溬ˮҧͷ˵ǵȻͷˣǡ
ʯͷҪ˵ЩʲôȴһѣȻ˵ûְ֣ޣɿ˺
СŮӵĻ֮ԭҪ޳Сָɿݸӣһ˵壬ҵǰְְ֣ʲô
СŮĻӲЦСﻹְָ֪һ˼еɿ˺ݸȻԴ˵ְֺ͵һ˼Ժְ־С
СŮĵ˵ͷͷҧһеɿƺʮֵĺóԣ¶Цݡ
վֻʯͷЩֵСʵΪʲô
һѾʯͷһߣС˵ҹСĵӦˣôɰĿһһѪɡ
ӵĻʯͷصĺһҲû˵ʲôĬˡ
ʱƺʲô⣬ʯͷµĴ˼ֵۣ˵ˣΪʲô㵱ɰְ֣Ѳĸһģһ
СŮȻ䲻󣬵ҲӣܲԼûеϴ
ʯͷԼĸף϶ʯͷ׳÷ǳ񣬻һģһ
뵽ӲɵĴ˸£ʯͷǰ˳һģһ˸оЩ
ʯͷʱҲ뵽⣬ɫЩء
ְ֣ȥˣôûиһʱСнɿʯͷʵ
ʯͷͲ˵ѻʱСһʣ֪ôشҺǼһﹻ飬Ͻ˵赽óԵĶȥˣһġ
СŮ֮󣬸˵ص˵ͷ
һǸ˵ĳɿСŮתͷʯͷʵô죿
ղǸСŮĻԽĸоСɽĹ죬طΪʲôֹСŮҲǴˣΪʲôû£СŮ˵ĸĸѾˣӾǰŷ쳣ǴԽĻǴԽһꣿ
ʯͷüͷһ£Ȼ˵ҪǣҪ취߳ȥ
һ£ǾȥСĵǽ̽ԴֻѾһӰЩӦöصԼļ档
ʯͷ˱ǸСŮСĵߵȥ˼ǲҽȥֻŴӵһͷȥǵطӦͨ򽫾ĵ·
ո⵽ڣֵһĻַˣôδߣ󶼻ĪĻصԭλá
ĵطʯͷΧСɽһȦÿνҪ߳СɽķΧʱǶĪĻصԭ㡣
һ죬۵ľƣûҵܹȥĵطСɽһΣ档
ʱѾˣûа취ҲҹֻֻصǸСŮļ档
СŮ⼸춼ûϢã˯ˣӺʯͷȴһҲ˯ţ˴۵Сۣһĭʯͷ˵ģǲȥ˰ɣطүء
ʯͷɫҲÿӰοԣӦа취ġ
ֻ⻰ԼţˣЩͷɥһƨϣвͣ
˭֪ʱͻȻ˼ͬǽһȻʹ˵ĽŲڸٵıһЩŲǳңԲһ˵ĽŲ
ʯͷЩһۣϽڵٵǽߣССͷȥ
ֻʵ¹棬ʱмɫӰص׷ߣЩӰһһ߲ͣŤ򣬻ͣķһͬǽһĺЩǰڴЩˡ
һĻʯͷӶһۣ˸еĽţʱǲԶĵطͻȻһҵĽ
˳̧ͷȥֻʱһӰһӰڵأȻͼЩԭ׷ͣľΧ˹ȥ
ʯͷӾͿǶĵĲ³һĻֻЩһӵϣȫΧǸ˵ΧȻְ˽ŵľץ˹ȥҽͣĴֻգۼĹǸ˵Ӿͱ飬ЩϵѪ⣬Ȼԥľ˽ȥ


132 
ЩһϳԵˣʱ½Ļص˼棬ʯͷӱθŻˣ׵ʲôԭ򣬲ŰЩ˱ͬҰһ㡣
ǸСŮ˯֮Ӻʯͷһ´ԭɽĴͨũ񣬿Ǽǰ˵иҪɽ潨ӣôȥɻһʼҶȥû죬ֻҪܶģȥæ˵ǽͦ󷽣һһǮ
СŮĸǸԻƽʱɽԣӹòҲûв£˭֪ӻڼ֮ǰȫģ
ʯͷСŮ˵꣬ĬͻȻӣʮа˾ŸǸѲĹϵǵʲô
Ҫ⿪һеţҪҵǸʯͷڸûа취߳ȥӣֵĿռ棬СɽǱȫһӺʯͷ˾ǹ
Щɹȫڼ棬ԭӦϰٿˣ⼸ϵɱֻʣʮˡ
ʯͷͣѰҳȥĵ·⼸СɽΧһ飬ȫûаͷֱǽ
ǵĻ֮˵ͷ˼Ƭ˵ɽʱӦþСӳֵʱطȫƽеʱգһ磬һǼǰҲڿĵط
˾Ļһﶼͷ˼ڴ˹ŴСɽ壬ʯͷӵķصĿռֻôǸ߲ȥ
ӿ군ˣ߲ȥѲǶ档
ڴһﶼĬʱǸСŮȴʯͷı̽ͷңͻȻҽе
ʱһﶼڵͷ£ԷܰСŮȻÿ˶
Ľ˶̧ͷȥҲ̧ͷ˹ȥֻСŮֽץʯͷ½ǣ̽ԴСЩ΢΢죬ƺһ˿Ĳȷһ˫۾ȴǽĶңղһҽеģ
ôǵһα˽СŮһȫҸˣ˰ŻʯͷһۣȻЩֵСŮʵң
СŮû˵ǵ˵ͷȻֿڽһ
ʱԴˣվԱߵڱﲻסˣһЦ˳˵Сʦڽѽ
ЩջĵһһۣȻתͷǸСŮ˵СϴˣҲ裬Ǹеġ
ҵĻСŮ۾ͳˮһ˫۾ңģȥʮֵĿһۡ
ȻСŮ˵֪ǣ㳤ĺס
ĻҺȻоЩ;ôһ£СŮʯͷİְְ֣裬Ѳĸĸĸú
ǻصһƽеĿռ䣬СŮĸĸѾȥ컹ûлӦǳʲôˣǸ¶
뵽СŮİ֮ĸŨߵĸǰԴ治ɵЩ֣˶ֳ˵ĹôֻԼû£
˵λѽҪ취ȥѽһֱҲǸѽЩżĶ˵
һյһ˰Ҳûнʯͷ⼸Ѿܶһ飬ûʲô֣ǾǳȥңҲûʲôϷ
ǸˡʱͻȻڣ˵Ǹܹȥ
ĻһҲ뵽ĹؼǸ˰Ӻʯͷģʯͷ֮ͲӰһռּ˵ܹɵĽռ䣬Ȼ֪ȥĵط
Ǹȥأ
ǽĵڶϼʱʯͷ˵
ԭǽĵڶϣҹʱԺͻȻ죬˶ụɱӺʯͷû˯
ߵſڣһССķ϶һɵĵһֻӰʱѾԺ档
˿ȥˣӦĴֻϵ·ѾãҵմѪǽͷģѾûһ˿Ļ
ԺӰʯͷӲɵĵһЩѾøһҾϵĹ۲죬ЩֶʮֵѪỴ̄һҪǱֿɾͲˡ
ϲ˿ڣѪͣӦǰɱģ˫߶ʱнӡ
ŵҴ治ͣǧҪӵҲûУֻԺһ£Ȼǲķ˹
Լ·Ӻʯͷ治ɵİп࣬İŹϣĶסˡ
ֻĽŲԽԽߵǰȻʯͷӾ͸о洫һɾ޴ڲͣš
ЩжӺʯͷ˿֪ģ򲻸ҷǽʱʹ˻ĽŶסĹܴûãʯͷ˾;Щסˣ˶һۣ˵ͷ׼ʼƴ
˭֪ʱȴͻȻһŭ𣬽ʯͷӸоһᣬȻʹ鲻ͣĴ
ģЩڧˣڼϵѹᣬӲɵһЩɻ˵ȻĴ򿪣ȥ
ֻղŵڸһɫӰһĴѽѷ֡
ʯͷӽ¹⣬ڿǸɫӰȻǰɽ£Ǹˣ
ֻǸʮֵͣϴһж·硣
ʯͷӲ֪˵ʲôһֵĿռ֮Уǲ֪Ϊʲôȴǳ־ǡ
ۿǺһļй֮¾ҪܵʱʯͷӺһæȻĺڵǰͳ˹ȥ
ӿеİһǹһ׼һ˹ȥ
ֻǹﱻӵĴϣǳĶһ֮⣬û𵽱á
ʱʯͷѾ˵˸ǰеĺڵǸ￳˹ȥ
˭֪ȻѾ˲˹ǶȴǳʯͷĺڵûпķһУȻԾԺӡ
û뵽Ȼ˵߾ߣʯͷӵסˣǻûǷӳͼǸ˵ҲһڵϵԾ˳ȥȻû˶
ʯͷǽͷϣһصĺ˶ѾӰ


133 
ǸӦòΪ˾ǣΪ˱ʱѹ˵ȻĵָָǸСŮ
Ƕһ˵Ǹһ˵ʲôͷΪʲôҪСŮ
컹磬ȻʯͷѰ˼춼ûз߳طĳڣҲܾôǴһԺӣ˲ҽԺӣǼӸ˸׳죬ûаջ
ûʲôرĵطҪʲôط߳ӣĪĻصԭ㣬ڤڤһصӸȫκ˳ȥ
ʱһԺӣЩڣΪԺǿǸĺŮԺӡ
תͷСŮʵԺ˭ҵģ
СͷشӼҵģְ˵ǰ˸ϱ
Ļһ£ǸŮǱ˸ģҸսûм죬ֲûϻôԹֻǲ֪ΪʲôŮ˵ʱôûˣȥ
ʱѾĺǲͣϽֻصСŮļ档ȵϣʮһӵʱǹȻ洫һĹ׷вҽ
ǸϽǽͷϣȥȻвٺӰ໥׷ӦþЩɱĴ
ԶһҽУӦ˱˸ɱˡ
Щϸ˵ӦöѾˣѾûԼʶ໥ɱвɵ֣ʲôԭ򣬰ȫӵģ
ĴȻϵĴҺýЩûһСԺǰĲ١
һͷŷȥ˭֪ʱԺǽϺȻ˼ϤϤһһϽͷȥ
ֻһɫӰһǽͷԾ˽䵽Ժ档
ǸӰһأǾϳˣǰطĺˡ
ŪʲôͷʱһﶼŵĽ䱸ֻǺվԭһҲûжǿһۡ
һһĺë˵ѿ棬ֳŧͲģʵ̫ˣôһȥܰ˸
ҪʲôӾǹʵ
ֻӵĻ֮󣬿кǺǵĽ۾ٵգ˼£ƺҪ˵Щʲô
ֲˣûйǵ˼ҲɵİһֻںȻعͷȥߵǽǣһ֦Ȼתͷǰ˼Ǹ֦ڵдʲô
˻д֣⣬Ƕɵĳһû뵽ֲĺ˾Ȼд֡
Ȼģʮֵˣǻд֤˵ԴѵģǶҲûղһ䱸İһ˹ȥ
ֵͲ˹ȥҲչԴҪ˵дЩʲôֻһۣǾʧΪдĸͲִ֣Ǹӵķ֡
Ǽ˶Ǵϴ֣֦Щڵдģִֹܲϳѣ˵Ƿˡ
ֻоһüͷдڵϵ֣ϵдʲôȻߣף֪ȥ·
һĳһĶǰˣҲ벻ȻǸСŮĸףʲôô
Ƕ㶵˵۾һƬ֮ɫȻ֦ڵдĶЩ֣Ҫʱ䣬֪ߣֻһᡣ
Ļһֳһѹֵһμ˵ʱһԭ˾ʧȥǡ
ڴһȻӵʣдڵϵѾôһﲻٵΪȻ֪ȥĵ·ʱƵģҪǵʧȥǱֹǾͱȥˡ
ӸϽݿڳ˯СŮ˳ɳ˯棬˿ֲϾȻֳһĨȰɣڵдԼСŮİְ֣ҹģΪ޷αװģھͳ˸׶Ů۰
ȻͼһԾǽͷ֡
һϽ˳ȥǱΪȥͨ϶ʮֵأû뵽һȻԼҺǽ˹ȥ
ǽĸֻǽͣӣعͷһۡ
һڶͷˮ˵ǰǽѲɳȥͨǽ棿
̲סҪʱ򣬾ͼ˻عͷȥȻ̧˽ţǰ˹ȥ
ǰǶǽǰߣػԻһײǽϣǳϵǣȥһֻžȻǿһһӾʹ͸ǽ档
Ŀɿڴ֮£ǰһֻţȻǴǽһʧǵǰ
ǸͨʧӼĴһǽӺݺݵ˼ĭ˵Ҹȥ·Ȼǽ棬ֲү߲ȥ
꣬ͷһۣʵ߲ߣ
˵ͷȻ½Ƕǽ˹ȥ
ǽ֮ǰ̧ţЩԥΪô˵ҸǰһʵʵǽЩԼһȥ᲻ײǽȥ
һһǰ˳ȥҵĽŸûǽϣʱһӸоһ㱡ĤһȻ;Ȼһᣬǰһٿʱǰ龰Ѿȫģ
ֻҵǰһƬ̧ͷһͷͷȻҹ˰죡ҿͷĸ߶ȣӦʱ֡
ұһϽȥֻﻹСŮҵĺǽվ˴ͷʱĴֱûĲݴЩҲưܲ
ǰһ治ɵЩڻˣصǵĿռ䡣
ܳôͻȻɰˣʱǰĿռͻȻŤһ£ξˮͶһʯһӰƾճ֣һﱻǰθŵóһɤ˵
ʱһﶼ½˳ǸǾվԱߣһӻ˯СŮ
ȵǶ˳ͻȻ˹֦ڵд
ֻһᣬһ¾Ͳʶˣչ˺棬Сдڵϵ֣һһ˳
ȻվһֱſӼϳ˯СŮ֣ƺҪһ˵ҲŧȥĿֲޱȣһͿٵ˻ȥзһĽ͵תȥƺҪߡ
Ҫߣ治ɵĴ󼱣⵽ô£
ҵĺתͷ֦ڵˢˢд˼֣Ȼһٵǰͳ˹ȥһͲӰҲ֪ȥ˱ĵطֻصǸƽеĿռ֮С


134 ۡ
Ǹ˵ӰʧһﶼĬ֪뿪ǺµһԼʧȥǣṥǡ
˵һʼǻ˻СŮİְ֣ôڴһﶼˣΪǸС˸Ͳǡ
ֻǴһ涼ʣ˵ʲô飬ôֿµģ
дʲô֣ŵ£ʵ
潫дڵϵ֣
˶ȥǽȻŻûʶĹѲһеԭ򶼸ǽйأҪ⿪һţǱҪҵǽС
ʱһֱſӼϵС˹۾Щֵʵ
ֵүǣڱСŮϾȻһ˿İļ˵ˡ
һ˵СŮҲԼӻСһ䣬ŤӣʯͷеҪҰְ֣ҪҰְ֣
һΣֻðСܵʯͷǰһӾ˵ʯͷǼһȻϲǿСŮЩӲļһ˿Цݡ
ҪְֱҡСŮĻʯͷһ£ǻ֣˻ʯͷһȻһСӣһֱڴһ˿ĽţƺЩϰߣⳡ̲סЦ
ְ֣ǵļôˣôǸСﱻʯͷǰСɽ壬ɴ۾ʵ
Ļһﶼˣȫ֪λشܸܲСŮĸˣױ˹ȻֱǴִɡ
һﶼûСӴһʱ䶼סˣǸŮˣ˼ҪЩүϸĶ࣬ʱߵСŮĸǰļ˵ԺǾͲסˣְִ㵽Ĵȥסȥ˺ԶԶĵطҪ㳤˲ܻ
˾ĻСһᣬ۾淺ỨƺҪ޳˵ҲҪҪ׻
ļȻңĶСŮ˵ǲǸ賤ú
С̧ͷһۣصĵ˵ͷľЩԾȻ˵һֱģԺͰУ衣
ĻҲŮ뺦ңֻСһ£ȻЩĿڽе衣
Ļȫɵˣһүǣгôһ£ϽҪһ¡
˭֪һûüڣǾȴһѽС˵СҪ֪Լˣһĳʲôأһٿ⻹ô
ұ˵ƿԣȻЩŤ˵ĺеȫԶԡ
˵ˣ裬ǿʯͷְ֣ⲻ˵һӦøˡŮ˵ҵļתߡ
һ²ŷӦ˵ʲô˼Щջ˵ҲǻУ
û˵ǣԼ
Ů˸̣һûӮһΣҲתͷСŮңĽһ裬ұԴˣǿļһЦݣ˵ͷ
ʱӡʷ̲סˣЦұЦЩջӺʷֶҺãǲЦľǼһֻЦֻֽıŶӡ
ǰһžߵһƨȥߵİֱУǶٵĳһڶѾ磬Ȼǰ·֮ǰʮа˾Ÿϲǽ⼸ڣǸоܲһ˭ҲԸͣǾǰߵġ
ɽһ·ǰֻ˸СҺʯͷһְ֣һͱ衣
һ·ϵʱ̫ҪɽˣǰһССɽͷɽͷߣֵǣɽĶǱƾһǸƽ
ϵЪšʯͷָָǸɽͷɽϾϡĳԾӸ¿ΣȷʵǸ¶޵ĺŵط
һ棬վǰ棬ָ˵쿴
˳ָȥֻԶһƬɽȣ̫Ѿߵɽ֮ϣһĨɢɽ֮УɽȾǶһһ㡣
ȥֻɽһƬƽأϰĶ֮࣬ɽеƽرԺǽΧȻ˸ߴľܹһķϵ¥̨䣬طӦþҪѰҵĽ
ʯͷļϣһ˫۾ס⣬ǰʯͷʵǰǸ󽫾ļ
ʯͷ˵ͷһ鶼е㼤ôľڼ⴫˵еĽ
棬ȻúԶһܹó⽫Ѿķˣ˻ĲݴͲӣǸ溣ûп棿
쿴̣ʱȴǵɴ۾ָǽ˵
⽫ǽɽ֮УĺɽţǵطԵЩ谵ǾѣϸһȻɽһɰɫֻûж߾ͱɽ紵ɢϸ治׷֡
طˣ
һʱðͷΪֻ˲Ẓ̇Ǿ֤⽫滹סǸǸˣ
ЩǸǲǾ溣׸ʦʲôϵǸΪʲô
вʵʱ̫ҲȥɽȶʱһƬڰ
ǸϽȥ˵ɲ񣬼˻ѣʱʯͷ£˵ȥŪԵȥȻһɽ³ȥ
֪϶ɽŪҰζȥˣƾʯͷ֣طŪֻɽͲ⡣
һ߿С۾˹Ȼһ棬۾˵
Ȼг裬һĲڣӣһ̲ס¥ļûһᣬȻû˶ŤͷһȻѾ˯ˡ
ʱ˵ŮãүԺ˻ҪŮ
˭֪ҵļ˵ҿŮ޲Ҫʯͷˣһְһá
үһ䣬һ￴Ҽۣ˵ĹЦ
ûãɽ¾ʹһ춯ֵȥֻʯͷӰٵ
߽ǲŷ֣һһֻ϶һֻʴɽ
Ӷʯͷ´Ĵָֽӹֻɽᵽһ߿ʼëʰûֻɽѾܵϣˮֱð
һ汧棬ŤͷȥȻѾǸ滹ǶЩΪҵ溣յʦ֣ҲֿܼʦֿôãһֱûʦϢе


135 븮
໣
ɽȷʱͻȻһͬ޺һĺɽȵķҹ磬ǵĶ档
һﱻŵöڵվ̫ѾɽˣǸͿɽ֮еΣĽ֮Ҳû
ʲô˵һ䡣
ղŵͬǽһ㣬طߵľˣɽҲǲɵЩţΪȺӶطҪȺĻǿɾͲˡ
ɽ죬һ򵥵ĳһ㣬ҰѣιһȣһҹǽУһҹ˯Щĵ±ȺΧˡҺãֱʲôҲûз
ڶǼ򵥵ĳ˵㶫ɽȥǽǻдԼصӣҪʱֲܸϵ
ʵ⽫ĿľҪԶһЩ˳˵ɽߵ࣬ߵɽ֮ǰ
ɽȵڴ˻Ĳݣ̧ͷһֻȺصľŴɽȵڴڸ
ľżΪĺأһƤѾ⼣ŵ߰ͼλͼΪ˵ĵӣ״ݰԺñգб˽ĳѨǳڴŵϣ̻ŰϡݰַǽǿڽϡǽϣȡԽ֮⣬ȫ֮⡣
⽫ϵֻͼλûͭģȥޱȣΪĽӺһֻͼλ۾Ϳʼð⣬Ǽһ̧Ĩһ죬ûϢ˵ģӦֵǮ
ľŵֻߴֻн׸ߣȻ˼ʱ䣬Ѿ߲߰ԵޱȣŭĿԲӸµǡ
ҪҪȥǰľʵ
һڵ鶼ʮֵĽţҵ˵ͷȻһȹر˲֪ľ˹ȥ
֣һľţʱһﶼΧ˹һľȥ
ֻϵǣȻ˺ܴľһҲһľŵм䣬Ȼ˵ģء
ĻһﶼͣţǾҲƲ
ʱʯͷľŵ棬ľ׶ߣֻ붼Ҫ߳٣Ǹȥ
ʯͷͷ˼Ƭ̣˵ļã
ӵͷҲϻߵǰͶʯͷ˼ȻͻȻǰ壬һԾվӵļ档
ʱӷһͺӽվ
ʯͷվӵļϣ֣ܹĵľŵĶϣֻ˫һӾһֻһľͷȥ
Ȼ洫صž๾Ӧʯͷڳ鶯˨
ˡһᣬ洫ʯͷ
ǸϽľſ˹ȥһľǵ֮£֨֨ƵһĴ˿
ľ̫أȻǼһǸ۵ͷ󺹣ֻƿһ϶ǿĿһͨ
濴һֻۣн׺ְһƤֲûôΪ˴Ⱥصľţ˲ٵ
һһ棬ȥֻſһƬ˹һɽǼɽӣӦǲԶ̫̳һ̫ʯ
ӦһƬľ£ֻǺûˮ˻Ĳݣ̫ʯɵļɽҲǻĲݡ
˹ĺһţĿķݡ
ģ湻ɵġǼһǰĳЩԾ˵һսͲͣĴϵͭλ˼ѣǶǶں棬й֣µ㹦ŪһҲֻ㬷ˡ
ˣ˹Ǹŵǿڳ˵
˳ȥֻſڹȻһʬ塣
ǸϽ߹ȥһֻ˵ʬȻѾãϵ·ȴڣĴӦǸִˣ
ʯͷڵϼһһֻǶһצצҲָ˵ֱһ㣬а׳
ʱצʬ壡ʯͷǸצʱʷɫͻȻ䣬ĶǸצӣɫ΢΢ף˵
ʷĻǶֻʷڶŵϵǾʬǣԵЩһ̧ͷ˵ǲǵҶ˵ǰйͬ棬Щһ
ʷ˵ǸצݵĹĹߣײ˭֪ʲôֱֵĻΣϵ̫ߣʹôһצһЩͷצ
ˣֻһ߳⽫һ˷ӣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôȻ˵ʬ壬ʷԵЩ
ЩŹ֡ʱʯͷڵϣǸצץ˵·ǿĲӡ
ǵͷһϵƤⶼѾõһ˿ʣĲӴȴԵЩ쳣ļɢڵϣЩͷѾѡ
ʯͷڵϼһ˵ļǣϸĹ۲Ҳ˹ȥֻһС鼹һĺۼǺۼпģǱʲôҧ֮µӡ
ӡǳһ˵˵ѲǱʲôҧģ
ּһϣ·Ѿ飬ҲʱµĻǾʴ֮ɵģѾûƤ⣬Ҳûˣ˼׵ǵλãĵطĹͷģûһҧĺۼ
һĽһʼһΪצǱǸҧģڿӦòǣΪǲֻҧĲӡ
ҧ֮һ㶼ԵצʬԲôôʲôһҧĲӣȴûгأ
ҧѲɺѪʱ˵
ĻǵɫЩףΪ˵ĺеѲкѪĹﲻɣ
ҵͷĬʱŵϵ˹ǣСŵ÷ˣʯͷֽץ½ǡ
ʱӦСӿֶϽһȥ
СͦȻŵЩףûޣſҼһҲЩ۵ļȻҶ˵裬¡
ҸϽο棬Ѿˣûʲôµġ
˭֪ȴҡҡͷ˵ҲǺǸˣҾúܺ£Ҿжڿǡ
ĻһСĸоģѲжڶǣ
ҸϽŤͷ¿һۣûзʲô쳣ɵһС϶ǸŻˣɵļ
ܳ쿴ˣʱͻȻӵһС
̧ͷһֻѾɺԵ˹ھȻͣŨŨֻգۼĹЩѾȫ涼Է


136 
ǸѾûһˮˣ˻Ĳݣ˭Ҳ벻ȻðֻһĹѾʯͷǵӰҲ
һعʯͷǵķȥղֻǸżԶǰʮûмǵӰ
ҾЩͷĺأ
һɤӺȥǱЩŨŨȫɵһûκλ

Ҽͷ󺹵ʱ򣬺ȻֵŨŨĴҵĶ档
Щ֣ͭ巢һ㣬û֮ǰѾط۲һ飬ûзʲôļΪĹ죬ʲôĽϣǶ߶ʱ
治ɵЩţһΪ̫죬Ϊ洫ʯͷûпҵĺ
ҵĺҪ࣬˵Ӻ˼ҲҵģԺȻ󣬵ǻû˽кҲĵز⵽ʲô
ЩͣҵĶЩëֿʲôֻäĿǰߡ
ûмҺȻǰһߴĺӰ߽ˣŷȻһŸߴľ
ľִҪ˲ܺϱĹ֪˶ˣ֦ѾøɿݣͺͺûһƬҶЩ֦ŤգȥͬһֲֻֻĹצһ㣡
ղŽʱ򣬺񿴵ԺһľǱȽԶ˹ĺ棬Ӧþǰһɣ
벻ôĹҾȻܵ˹ĺ棬ҳԾ黹ں棬ȻһŻ
ıȽϻ˴ִģҪϣ⽫ôֻأ
潫Ǵĸˣ콫ۡ϶ҺķˮˮģôǳԵĵֱƭ˵潫ķˮʦûеף
Щֵ̧ͷȥȴŵĵһ˼
ֻǴͺͺ֦ʱȻһӤʬ壬ЩӤʬ嶼ǳСѾøɿݷڣֲǣЩӤʬȻȫǲȱȫģȱ첲ȣһֻȻֻԴ
ӤȱӤҪϲ٣ȥӦµӣƤѾøɿݷڣԵرĿֲǱһһԴһ
һĻŵòɵĵ⵽ʲô
裬¡ʱһֻұЩ˵ССڶѾЩЩҼ˶£˵Сˡ
ҸϽŤͷߣط̫죬˵ҲЩסԶһȽϰȫ
˭֪ҸոҶ߽ŵĽе裬ˣ
һϽŤͷȥֻһССĺӰվǿôǰ棬ǸԴӤ
ȻᶯѾֻԴֻ۾ĶңҸû亹ֱð
ǸԴӤͷðһ亹ͷ򱳺溰ľң
ľԭұģҪ棬ҵ֮ľҵ档
ľҵĵҲ׳˼֣ʱǸֲӤͻȻֵĽȥǽһ㣬ԴһУһһһ˵Ĺ졣
ұĽĻһëûҷӦͼСС͵һһɫӰһҾ˹
ңҶԱϵ溰һɤӣһеľŶҳĶͿ˹ȥ
ٶȷǳ죬Һ׼һ˹ȥȻһ죬һʵʵĿ
ǶһУһ̶İӿٵź˹ȥŨŨ֮С
ⶫٶ̫죬ȻԼֱֻҲľ飬ޱȡ
ҵͷһֻڵĵһڸɿݵĺںڵ֦һֱۣӦþǸģֻⲻ֪˶೤ʱˣͷˣѾûаѪܹ
ⶫҿһֱۣҷǵûиоɣӵĽţӦΪҵԱȫŨŨⱻҸһֱֻۣ϶ʮֵջŨ֮У˵ʲôʱͻͻȻܳҷ
ұ棬Ķܣ׼ٳʱҾͺݺݵĸһӡ
ʱߵһһɫӰӾҳ˹
ⶫ˵棬͵תûüľѾ嵽ҵǰ
ҸϽľͿ˹ȥѾˣǶѾ嵽ҵǰֻʣһֱֻҵžץ˹ȥ
ֽ֮Уһźƿ˰벽ֻһǹһѰǰ·һӣҺû˵ҡ
ʱͷϵ亹ֱҪǷӦϰģҿ϶ͻᱻⶫƶˡ
ҲҴˣվԭһҲҶʱ̷Ƕһδָܳ߶Ƚŵ״̬άֲ˶ãû೤ʱϾͱˮʪ˾۵ĹǺ۲ϵģһֱ֮²ƣС
ҾԼҪŲȥʱͻȻǰ֮һӰεĺӰԵʮֵĸߴֻ񾭱̫Ҳô࣬ȷˣһǸӰҳľʹһ˹ȥ
ۿҾҪǸӰȴͻȻһ󺰣Ҳݣ
ҷǳϤﻹǸǼһ﷢ģ
һҲһѾ嵽ĸǰۿеľҪһ档
ʱѾɲˣǼһ￴ҿһʱҲûзӦֻŴ͡
鼱֮£ĽеľԱһᣬӵӾͿȥʱҲӦ˹һź˼
ǰ˼סΣʱ˵һʲôûתͷֻһ׵ľ룬ֵֵĿһӰӡ
ҿƺָֻŵĶ˵ʲôǵҵĶȻʵ˵Щʲô
Щֵ˹ȥʱĻԭǱԹΪʲô
ʱӵɫЩףͷ϶˺ˣȻǸղűҸųģʱǰƺĲµʲô
ղҺòԶ˵ĻҾȻЩܹ赲˵߻谭Ĵݡ
ŤͷʵǼأ
˭֪ҵĻ֮һ£Ȼ˵Һɢˡ


137 
˵ɢˣҳһΪʲô飬Ͻʵô£
˭֪һȴץץͷƤЩε˵ģ̫Źˣֻ򣬻ͷһһҲûˣҲҡ
ӵĻЩЦã벻һȻɢģȻ˵ǲ㣬ЩŹ֣Զˣ
ݣ˵أƵطҲܴүɤӶˣû˴ҡ˵һɰС˵Ż˰ɣ£ɱˣұ㡣
һ˵ʱϷʵһۣ޲øһֵƨɺݺݵһš
棡棡ʱ汻ŵСȴͻȻ䣬˵
ұӵס۹⣬ΣһҾ֪ԣһԱ˹ȥ
ӱӷףľһһĺ˫ץס˹ǰĲǹһʱתȥһӵɨ˹ȥ
ӵһҲΣǸҿһֱ۵˫ͷӤ˹Ѿҵľ롣
еİһǹһֻ࣬˫ͷӤһֽУವһ˳ȥգ۵ĹʧŨŨ֮С
ǶԼܣĨһͷϵĺˮɫЩ׵ʵʲô
û˵ָָǰǿŴŶŲǹǰŵĶּһź˻Ȼŵòᡣ
ݣôôӣ
ĸоЩԾһʼǽ⽫ʱҲûʲô쳣ĸоֱŨŨĴʱҲŸоطȻŨصЩһЩ䣬ǰôǱȱĵطҪŨصĶࡣ
ЩŹ֡Ҷ˵
ҵĻո£ԱߵŨкȻִһĽͬǺһ㣬Ǹ˫ͷӤĽ
ΪҪϽվһ𣬽ŵĽ䱸
ž
Һ˫ͷӤһηʱǿùĴķͻȻһʲôڸߴ䵽Ϸ
ҺӸϽŤͷȥȴŵ
ֻһССӰվǿô棬ϹŵһӤӤ֫ȫҲûгԴֻȴǳӵģǰһһޱȵĹ졣
ǷһֻһӤ˵ϣô֦ھȻڶⶶǴڶŵЩӤصĻζӶô
ֻЩӤصĻζţʱ춼ŨŨûһ磬ԲǷ紵ģЩӤԼڶ
ЩӤ϶һӣϵϣֻЩӤڶķԽԽִžһһֻӤ˵طȻһֻһֻʮֻӤȻȫ
ЩӤڵ֮ȫ۾ĶҺӣǸоͬ˱һ
ЩӤĸͷ󣬺ܶ඼ûҵϥǸߣȫΣĹ̥ȱ첲ȣĿŤȥʵˣЩӤ۾û۰ףȫǺɫȥ쳣ֹ֣˱
ҲүЩûëǼһ̲סˣ̧еǹ۶ɨ˹ȥ
ӵһȥЩӤ໵Ĺֽ֮ɢ˿ȥգۼͲӰֻǹͺͺĻ
үˣڽŵ亹˳һͣʣǹЩˣһ
Ļո˵꣬ԵŨкȻִܳһӰ˹ȥ
͵һǹɨ˹ȥǸոմһֻһֻڱĵط˳һûüǹڵһ˿ȥҸǰҺЩ̫࣬Ǳվš
ҸϽӱվһʱŨŨ֮вͣشܳһֻֻӤ˹
ҺæҵĶԸţһ۵ϵ·ˮʪˣѾˣҲ֪ӵж١
ģȥǲЩŪҲѽСү취ѽЩںҺ
ʱҲǼˣû˵иİ취Ҫа취õ
Ҳүһ￪ǹְѳӤˣҲд˵ѵӢޱȣò˰ٷүҪƵط֪үҪǹˣжٻŮᣡ
үģû뵽һͷ˼̵ûһ䣬Ӳͣתûʲôܹǰ⡣

˭֪ʱһֱұϳĬȴͻȻһУҺǱվţеʮֵĴһ°ҺӶһ
ҸϽͷŵʵôˣôˣ
ûлشңɲͣؽţЩ쳣ͲСӵĽһҰ޵ļϵúܼܳ⡣
ŻˣҲ˲ЩʱܳӤһѽҵĻ棬ͷһŵҾһ¡
ֻ֫ӲСʹţǼĽĿзģµǣ۾Ϸţȫ۰ףѾһ顣
ҽŵİ§ڻ棬ζ£ûа㷴Ӧɲͣؽš
ʱҲתͷһۣɵõһŵʵ⺢ôˣ
Ҳ֪ôͻȻģֻöҡҡͷ
ҺӼתʱֻΧҲһļЩӤ
ЩӤƺȫڽУֻǵĽȥȴǴޱȵʹ࣬ЩȻԽԽԶȻڲͣȥ
ɲͣڼĽţҺɫ׽ŵʱΧѾκιӤĽˣЩȫһ
ʱͻȻͣҺӶĶֻһ˫ֻ۰׵۾һԭӲ֫ıȻЩ԰׵Сָֻ֮
ҲҪҲҪЩ衣ָһ˫ԲԲĴ۾ң˵Ȼһı۾
һӸϽı̽һ£ŵ˵û£ֻ˹ȥ
Ҳһһۻ棬ֺӶһۣѾ֪ղЩӤΪĽȫߵġ
Һһ治еһڣСﵽʲôͷΪʲôЩӤһͻȫأ


138 
ҺڻСС壬֣ǽ뵽ǸƽеĿռ䣬Ĵȫû֪ĹֻԼû£ʱҾľûеСŮʲôһڿýЩӤǼᶨе뷨СŮԲͨˣ
ģжˣʱɫͻȻ䣬һѾİһǹ׼
һͷһֻŨŨֳ˼ںڵӰЩӰһץסӵǹܣǹŤһߣ˵ǹ
ͷˮʵô¡
ЩӤ˵
ЩӤ߶ǵϥǴǰ⼸Ӱ߶࣬һĸһЩӰǲʯͷǣ
ЩӰԽԽӾǹŵĶţʱڿǰǸӰ
ֻһ£һѺںڵĴ󵶣ʯͷ˭
ʯͷһʱҲңϽҺ˹
ôˣʯͷ߹ͿѾεһ棬ĵʵ
ҰѸղŷ˵һ飬ǰǿôһԾ˵ģԭЩģ
ҿһֻۣ·˼ӣԵЩǱǸղſ϶ҲЩӤһﻹ˿ˡ
Ұȥ˵꣬˶һ棬Щ졣
ʯͷüͷ˵ǸղžĽŸġ
Щܹ˵żԶû뵽Ȼܹ͸Ũ
ʯͷһĶͷû˵ʲôһĹŹ֣ĿʷߵҸǰϸĿ漸ۡ
ϺŨʷתͷǰĴЩԾ˵
ʱʯͷҲ̧ͷĶ˼۸ǰĴüͷĸӵĽˣҺʷʯͷѾ۵ˣܹ˿Ķֶڳ˵ε
ֻô¶˿˿֣Щҵоͬһ˿˿ĺɫŨͣرŸֹ״
Щƺ·ģߵǰϸĹ۲ô
ЩӤǱ˸ҵģʱȻһ˵˵Ǿ֮أ
üͷʵСʦʲôо֮ѽ
磬Щڵ»¶رһ˵¶ڵϵĵɽ˵ˮ˵ѰѨɽѰҲǵһ֣ǵ仯ǧլʢҲпɱεѨѨǴۼ֮но֮أûڵλþǾ֮أ
ľҲй֮˰ѻּ֮أεӤһоʲôԭҲö֪ľôƺЩӤĸֻҪܶЩӤĸҲͲη壡
ôɵҡҡͷִҪ˲ܺϱĹǾйҲѰŪϣ˵ʲô߶ûС
ЩӤĸôֻŪϴЩһ˵
ʷҵĻһ£ſ˵ô֣ҪôŪϣ
һôû˰취ʱԱߵ֮ƺĴһУЩѾĽ˵ӤĽ׷˹
ǵĽһﶼеЩţʱʯͷͻȻ˵ϣǿԷŻ
Ļһ£˵ǵôȥѽ
ʯͷû˵ǰĺڵ˱ϣ˵ȶסЩ
ҸҪȥͼһ˫˫Ųãһֻһǿô˹ȥ
ʯͷӰ˻ЩԾʵҪʲô
֪ʯͷҪҶżһһäĿΣƺû˵⡣
ֻʯͷֻһ˴Ȼվ֦ϣĺڵЩѾɿݵ֦ͣؿȥ
ʯͷĺڵʮֵķִÿһܿһ֦һĹѾ١
⣬Ҳʯͷ⣬ûв𣬿ǿô֪Ѿɿ˼ˣϺõĸɲ
벻ʯͷһƽʱԲؼʱӾȻôãһԽԽ֦治ɵİˡ
˭֪ʱߵִֽУżӰವ˹ЩѾߵӤֳ
Ǽһһеİһǹһɨ䣬Щˣбĸ
Щƺ֪ʯͷڶҪƴһ㣬һֻһֻͣǷ
Щֻһѽ潻˵վ󱣻
ĸ˽ǿôΧסЩӤɲͣǷĳһƴĵ͵ʱµĸɲѾˡ
ʱʯͷһХ淭ǸϽ߳ķΧһЩʯͷЩĸɲȫѵǴ棬Ȼͳ
ʱЩӤƺҲʶΣգǹ˹ľֱ۶ˣüҪӿǹҶסҲ㱻Щץˡ
ʱֻһУһǰ߳һеĲǹĽһֻֻӤˡ
µĻ𽥽ȼʱʯͷҲսţƴһ㣬ЩӤſô
һ·ʪ͸ˣʱ򱳺ȵ¶ȣͷһֻۣʯͷЩ֦Ѿʼȼ
ǿô֪ɿ˼ˣѾûһ˿ˮ֣ǼΪȼģЩ֦һûж󹦷ôҲʼð̣Ȼͣشܳ硣
ڴһﱻЩӤĹæңҪ֧ŲסʱȴͻȻֹͣ˹һվǸǰ
治ɵİˣ϶ǿôЩӤã
ֻЩվϣȻͻȻһĽͷֱ
ڱĴö̫ҸоԼ·ҪˣڴһҲ˲ôˣϽܡ
ǰ棬ʱǰһֻӤһǹһȥүģӤһӵɨ˹ȥ
ֻӤѾֹͣ˲ҽУһʹţվڵһҲӵӵһӶһ٣Ȼޱȵɢ˿ɳһһѺɫĻҳ
Щⶼ군ˣӿǶһǹ˻ҳǸ˵ĺȻǰ̧һֻӤһֻҲһһУȻ󷢳һҲһѺɫĻҳ


139 
ʣµЩӤûȥߣһ嶼񱬵һ۵һƵȻӾͱһѺɫĻҽ
ĴѾȼžž߿һξ룬ͷȥֻѾȫǻ棬֮ðŨŨĺɫ
̫ˣǴһֽסӡ
ǿôʱɢһŨŨȳζͲľȼʱζڷնʬһ
ǱζѬܣ벻ŴȻᷢŵζ
ЩɢʯͷŲͣȼյĴ˵
ʱע⵽ֻǴȼգΧΧˣʱǴΧѾûһ˿ĴڣЩǱһۿɼٶźˡ
û뵽ЩȻҲȻˣ̧ͷϿȥѾܿˡ

ʱЩûɢȻִһʼֹ
üͷһˣ˵ղŲԼˣҲˡ
ʲôүȥɣǸʮĴϴֱִ֣һ˵Ϳһǹķɨ˹ȥ
ӵȥǵطһҲûдӵǹûдκζһ治ɵǽ䱸ǵǸʲô⡣
ٺ٣ǽŵʱͻȻЦǵı𣬽Ƕִ
ЦЦûʲôֻͬԵͳ˵Ц
ǰֻգ۵ĹȻܵҾüǶЩϽתǹǰȥ
һǰҲûǵһᣬʲôûУʱǿôѾյֻʣһѻҽЩҲȫ˿⽫ǰԺһγǵǰ
ŨɢȥˣһﶼɵһЩŨܹ赲˵ߺ⴦Ľ棬Ǿѹޱȡ
ʱʯͷڵᱳǰĵط˹ȥֻǰ˼Ȼڵϣüëһ
֪϶ʲôϽ߹ȥֻŵĵϴʱҵĽӡЩӡ󲿷ֶСӦЩӤģЩССĽӡ֮ϴʱȻӡ޴Ľӡ
ӡʮ׳ȥ˹Žµļûʲô
˫ӡҲɵĵһ˵Ľӡ˸ĽŻжжߣ
ʯͷŵϵ˫ӡͻȻվӣ˳ӡǰȥ֮ͣҲϽȥһֻǵҲһֻӡղŵһ˫һģһֻֻһֻҽš
һӵĳԾղǵطӡ˵Ǹվʱطֻһֻӡһ˹һȻȥ׶࣡
һ߳׶Զ⵽һˣ
Щѵһĭӡǰȥֻӡļңһֱǽǣӡ㿴ˡ
һﶼ̧ͷǰԺǽǸӦ˽ȥ
ⶫжߣ뻹ֲ̧һͷϵ亹Χǽ˵
ȻӡʧΧǽ棬ǶҪûмŽȥʱͻȻЩŨŨǸѾɺ˵˹ðģһ˵һ£Ȼߵ˹Աߣȥ
ĸ߶ңֻѾûһˮˣߵĻĲݣȥһƬ
ʱϸĿһۺм䣬ķЩĲζһ˿˿ɫȥҸоܲ
ȥʯͷǴһкһԾȥȻͼӴĲݣź˹ȥ
ĵĻĲݱȱĵطҪߣʯͷһȥӱĲûһͲӰӣ̫ŨЩĵҪСģʯͷӦһȻҲû
վںϵӣʯͷûг֣̲סҪȥʱֻĻĲݷһ춯ȻʯͷӰ˹
ڵʯͷüͷţֺֻڵüëšһЩǲʲôϽʵʲô
ʯͷߵߣ̧ͷһۣЩֵ˵мһˣʯͷġ
ĻиӾ֣˵а˵ĵŵĵô£
һֻۣǿѾճɻҽĴ˹󷽣һ˹Ǹһֱ棬Ҳ˵ǵλöǵѨ棬ҲǾ֮أ
Ũĵط˵ܰڷ˵ĵΪһ㶼ǳھǰ˵ĵѨ֮ϣճ֮Уһ䣬⵽ôһ£
ͷˮиӵĺ棬ʯͷ˵ҲȥȻȥʯͷźȥ
Ĳݴӣûжãʯͷͣӣ˵
ǰһɵˣط˻ĲʲôûУʲôεĵ
档ʯͷɵָָۣ˵
˳ָŵȥֻЩĲʱ¶һ˵ԴԴͷһǹʱ佫ͣ˵һСֻԵʯͷ̶ɵġ
佫Ӽ˵£ֻ¶һԴһСؼѹָղûп
ҶϸĹ۲⽫̵ֻļΪı棬ɼΪĴ
⽫һķӸ߸ߵ¡üëԲϣ촽ģıţֻ۾Įǰ
⽫ĿӦǸʮͷˣϣ˿ͲɵЩš
ҲܽţΪ⽫ĿҷȻֻ¶һԴһСؼ򣬿洫ȴŨһ̲סķ
ںģ֮ز֪ʴ˼ˣԲŻôŨ
ǸźͲȥŨص˻ɺܴ˺ҪһСıǿɾ鷳ˡ
ʯͷһѣϽȥط̫أʱ˶кܴˣȻһǰһ˻ȥ
ߵߣʱеʸˣǰΣ潫ｨ츮ۡ϶֪طǾ֮أҪȻһ󽫾ｨӲãҪܵʺɽ棿
Ȼڻ֪ѡطǳʲôԭ򣬿֪⽫ʲôɸ˵Ĵܣطһװħ˶ħУȥ򿪣ҿŵľ˵ܣ


140 Ů
ǱЩӤڵľƣ·ʪ͸ˣɽϿʱ⽫ŨģҲ˵ҪȥпҵǸˣ˻᲻溣أ
һ۵ĲУҲŽȥϢǼһ֪һŰһǹߵǴ棬ǹܰ˼´ȼպʣµĻҽȻűӾ˻治ͣţģôô
˵ôִľǱˣҲô̵ʱھͱճһѻҽʱ򻹻ᷢŻĳζ
Ϣһ֮ߵǴԱߣľڻҽŷ֣µĻҽľȼ֮ĻҽЩͬȥĳֶʬ屻պӣһ˶ĵĳ
ľ˼£Щ֮һĶûз֣ұѬԴΣϽ˻
ʱʯͷ滺۾ʯͷڽһְ֡
ҿˣ治ɵĸ֣Ͻ˹ȥ濴ңЩ˵ʵû°裿
СЩ԰ףĽȻܹЩӤҲ֪Ϊʲô֪СŮϿ϶ǲ֪ܣڿ԰׵С˫·˵Ĵ۾ҵ;һʲôҲûȥСԼʵû°ɣ
СϼһЦݣشû£ҲŲҪЩ衣
ĻижʵΪʲôЩͻẦ£
ɴ۾ң˵Ҳֻ֪֪ЩҪ裬ҾͽУʲôҲ֪ˡ
ҽĶ۾峺࣬һ̶峺ĺˮһ㣬ôСѡ
Ļ֮󣬴һﶼӵĹ죬Ȼû׷棬Ǵһʱʡ
ʱҸϽתƻ⣬˵ϢҪǽȥ˵ҵǸ溣
ҵĻһҲջĿ⣬ʰһװ߽Ժš
ԺӸ˶٣浽˻ĲݣЩ꽨ʮ־ĸ¥ҲԺӴľˣǸͿһߣֻһӽһӡ
ģô෿жסҪǮǰһľƵķ䣬һ̾
һ֣˵⽫浽жˣôôධӣ
ĹأүȽȥ˵꣬Űһǹһ˹ȥ
ߵǰ̧žʹ˷ţǷѾּˣѾ࣬һȥֻһȽŵľžͱһߵķѣһƬҳҵһԴϣŵֵź˼
Ƿһֻ䷿ֻһŴһӣʲôûС
ߵ棬ֻ˻ҳ֩ǽڣ滹һƵĲͼ豭ǴϾȻбֻѾã嵱ɫ
һĲ豭Ͳֻ۾ðһ⣬ͳ嵽ǰ棬־ǰѲץȥ
ЩǴĶҲֵǮͰ಻סˡ
˭ָ֪ոȥûǰѺһֻһĴ־ͺ˳žһ鵽ϣĹֽһ˻ȥ
ֻʱվߣбһۣû˵ⶫүˣ
ӵĻһ£Ȼڵ˵ƾʲô
Ǽһû˵ȭͷЦ˵ҪүУӮⶫġ
ҺʯͷоΪҵ꿼һˣҲ֪ʦ溣ģЩǰȤҲûУʷЩģһǼһǻʳһϽջ˽Ų
迴ɳһȭͷɵˣȻĵĲᣬҲ֪ԼĽҪ̣ҲӵĶֻ֣㬵˻гǿ˵Сүøǣô㶫һȥ
ˣӵĺٺЦһǣԼıңСĵİһײ˽ȥ
ߵҸǰһͨ죬˵Сʦһ̫ǸԶʳ
ǣ;ʯͷ䶼һ飬ûзְ쳣
˳ּ˼䣬Щ漸һ治ɵЩ֣⽫ôķ䣬϶вˣ˵ģЩ˶ˣΪʲôûзһʬǣЩĶʰʮ룬ﲢûʲô쳣
Ǹӵ֣Ȼûзʲô쳣Щأ˶ȥѲǶƾʧˣ
ǼǰȥȻʯЩĲʯͷ϶еĶҪߣʮֵѣ˼䣬һջķᣬװĹĹĵģڸɾʮ㣬Ŵǰ治ͣĽӲݿ
жʱʯͷȴͻȻͣǳ˵
һϽͣ˽ŲϸһȻΧĻĲ治ͣĴϤϤʲô档
ţЩϤϤͣȻһŮӵЦĴǵĶ档
ЩදŮӷЦЩ·һ㴫ҵĶ棬ͷɵһʱЩϤϤԽԽЩŮ˹
ԽԽЦҵĪļĶЦķҪôƯŮܹ˶˵Ц
ֻǸǰĻĲı˸ֿŮ˳ҵҰ֮У
ŮüĿ续ȥһ㣬ֻһɫĶǶ¶ļѩ
ɫĶǶѩ׵ļӳģ˾ôĿѣȫ޷԰Ρ
Ů˾վǰ棬ͣķЦͬˮһ֫صŤ
ԴӿǰŮ˵ĵһۣҵӺһͱһƬհףڸ޷Կأһ˹ȥ
ҵĽŲո͸оҶ߲ͣĽʲôȫŮӣﻹܵôֻ֪࣬ǰ治ͣߣ
ۿҾҪߵŮ˵ĸǰʱҵĶͻȻһ̶Ľʮֵļ̵ҵĶһۣҲ˹
ǳϤ淢Ľ
ֻǰŮ˵ɫ䣬ܵ˾һ㣬ȻǵӾȻıģûȫʧ


141 
治ͣĴĽŮ˵ӰĽȻʧʱҲ˹֪Լղſ϶ʲôסʱȥֻŮվĵطֻɫë׵Ķ
Ƕһֻɫشŵһʱҵı滹ŵһɧζȻֻƤӣ
ֻֻƤվڵϣֻ̧ǰצһֱţֻƤӱһҪϲ٣ֱҵ䡣
ȻŵҴһϽȥֻҵӸոһֻƤӵҲǳ˹תܡ
ʱĽҲͣŤͷһֻۣСҰףʯͷڻ˵ǻ
ʱŷ֣ң˶ǰ˼ʱӶһͷĺˮߵʵղ㿴ʲôˣ
ɫЩ죬˵ŮˣƯŮˡ
ܳүģҸղſҲŮˣǽһƯĻ֮͵һԼĴȣ˵
ʯͷʷһ£Ƕҵ˵ͷղҲǿŮˣֻЩ֣ʯͷһȻҲ˵һȻһееġ
ҸеֵȴǾЩүǱֻƤӻûŮ˸ԻҲ˵ĹȥһŮˣûҲŮԻס⵽ʲô
Ҽһſʯͷ棬һûʲô󰭣ŷ˲٣ղҪǶҪ˵ˣȻŤͷžʵղſʲô
˭֪ҵĻ֮󣬾ȴһƬͨ죬ԴʶŮˣһûм߹鷴ҸŪһ㶡
ֻֻһ£Ȼͻָбһۣĺһû˵Ҫܡ
ұҭĲᣬҺĹ㣬ʲô̬ȣۼ䣬ʱȴһѽסˣҶ˵СʦŮ˵ӣղſĿ϶ˣͱˡ
ĻҲŻعı飬һʮа˾ŲˣֲһͻôķӦ
ģƤôôһĭղŲ˵ʮֵ
ȫʲôطУһũ֪ȱȺҪߵĶ࣬еĵطƤӣеĵطƴɡ
ʦ߹ң˵ⶫĴЩеĻƤܹʩչ˸סղ˶˵ֻƤӵĵп϶ǳ
һĲᣬһʯͷļ˵ӲǺ𣬴ҵ⣬үҲһǹһȫˣģ
ұΪʯͷû뵽ʯͷĻ֮ȴǵ˵ͷǰߣҲֻøȥ
ЩƤµζӲʯͷıӣڲݴ洩Уƹһ䣬Ȼ˷ĺ棬ʯͷָͣǰĵ˵Ǿ
ǸϽ߹ȥһֻʯͷָĵϴʱȻһںĶڣǶҿԱʯȥһھ
ߵߣһֻڣҴ򿪴ֵͲȥֻǾıڸȻûһ̦޺ֻоЩʪࡣ
⾮ʲôûУ˭֪ʱȴžüͷָŶ˵ǿ
˳ָȥֻ⾮֮ȻźϡȴܿƺһĽݡ
⿴⾮ڳ϶Ϊܹȥģô⾮׿϶ʲôΪ֪ܣ
뵽һ۴ңȻһ£һȥҲһ˵⾮ʲôջ
⾮ȥ׶ھһϵ棬ʯͷźڵȥںĸ
ĿռխֻҺʯͷµ棬˲վҲʮӵֻǽŵµݵСȣҾüΪĲ
Ҵһܣ⾮ƽĺܣûʲôעĵط֮ϳЩ̵ĽҲûа㶫
Щ֣ŲѽҪ⾮û⣬ǹΪʲôھ¹ȥĽݣӣľŪ˼¾׵ֻ֮࣬кȻһֻڰСĺӰ
ģ⾮ȻйŹ֣ҪֻںĺӰô֣ҲͣķңеĺӰҲԽԽ࣬һֻֻĶѵһ
ǳЩӰ֮⣬⾮ȴһƽҲûзְ쳣ĵط
ûʱͻȻоԼСȴʲô춯ǸоʲôڲͣĹҵСȡ
ڹ棬ƻ˭Ҳִ̼ܲһ°Ҹŵͷ͵֮аγȣ˦
վھڱϣ鼱֮һžԱߵľڣֻžһǾھȻ˼ѷ졣
ʱûЩѷ죬ǸϽͷֵ࣬ʲôղڹҵСȡ
ֵͲ֮УֻһֻɫĶ治ͣĶţҶһԭǶǱģһֻƴСëڹꡣ
һ°Ūͨ죬ģȻһֻڹԿ⾮Ȼڹ꣬һ¸Ǹе쳣
ʯͷųһͷ亹ҧг֮ڹңСѵԱǶںЩŹ֡
ĻҲعֻڹ꣬Ͻֵߵľڡ
ֻǾ֮ϴʱý߳һڵĽӡҵĽӡܾȻѿѷ죬ͺ⾮ǼһһŸˡ
жѷľڶʯͷ˵һϻ
ʯͷһҲϻ˰ʾվһ㣬ͼڵһֱۣǾھͿ˹ȥ
һȥֻһ죬ǶھȻȫ̳ɢһڵĶھͳǰǿھ֮ϵģһһȥڣԵ쳣ء
ʲôʱǴĶԴ̽ϣǴĺ
иڡһɤӣȻʯͷǸڣʱӻζǼһڵһֱŪĽ
ܳ϶кöǰĵĶѨϲ˵
ҸϽ˶ڣһ̫Ҫվھ棬˸û
ʱʷҲ½߽УֵͲһ¶ڵλã涼˹ھ֮µĺۼÿԶȻһ͹ĵ̨涼һյ͵ơ


142 
Щ̨ǼһﻹţЩͭƲ֪˼ˣͷˣûа취ţһ԰ЩͭƵ͵ƶһԼı棬ͨܳûԶӵıҾ͸ˣһʵòˣŸˣ˵Ǽһƨƨߵġ
쳣һ㳱ʪжûУûͼǰ·ϷһԼ׵ĺӰ
ӰǶͣ˽ŲֵȥֻǺȻһֻ޴ڹ꣬ʱڹſڵϣԴڹ֮С
СĽӽڹ꣬ýˣŷ֣ڹ겢ǻʯͷ̶ɵģֻǲ֪ʲô˸ڷŵˡ
ڹ귢ʱͻȻеĵͲת£˵ʲô⣿
Ȼָָڹ¡
ǣ˳һָ˹ȥֻʲôʯ⣬ҶһǷľȻһѻͭԿס
Կ׼ЩҪǵǸʲôõģʱһҲԴ˹Ŷһۣ֪Կ׵ʲô
˭֪ʱһֱſʯͷϵͻȻ˵ְ֣ǰжû̧ͷľĶоȻ˼ëȻЦ֮
ҸϽֵЦķ˹ȥֻʱĶ֮ϲ֪ʱȻĸֳһʱڶǲͣķ˿־Ц
ⶴ֮ͻȻֳŵҲûֻ٣Ǿǿĳ࣬ͻǶ֮ϣֿڶǲͣĹЦţһ˫۾淢ĵɫâ
豻ŵֱҲŵûëֱһʱȻûзӦ
ҺʯͷӦȴǱҪĶˣֻһѳĺڵǶ֮ϵʹȥ
һ죬ڱʯͷĺڵһܻǣٿȥֻǶ֮ﻹʲô˱ʯͷһİ׺֮͹ʯͷûС
治ɵѵղǳ˻þǲѽҪǻþĻ˶طȻ˹Ź֡
ʱҸϽڻͳһŷֽʦ̸һĵҵɷרԸа֮ġ
Ұķֽһʦ̸ҵֻǷֽоǻ˹һ㣬ԶҵָһĻⶴȥ
˭֪ҾĻֽûзɳԶʲô赲һ㣬žһ˵ϣһ̻ҡ
ʱһﶼңֵǱĶѶԸĺܣҸϽعͷ˵ҪСģⶫйŹ֡

Ҹո˵꣬ǰͻȻЦתͷǰһֻǵǰʱһֻͬСһСĶһ˫ɫ۾ǡ
⶯СһСһҰ׵ƤëһβͣȻһֻǣ
ֻֻƤӲǰֻΪһֻֻ嶼ҪһȦⶫϵƤëǻɫģЩҰ䣬һȥֻ֪Ƥӿ϶ϰˡ
ʦ˵ֶʱԽõҲԽϵƤëҲͻὥķ仯ǰһֻƤ޴ëƤҲ˻Ұ׵ɫҹҲ˼ˡ
ⶫ治ɵľҪȥ˭֪ҵӸոһԱ߾ʹһܼǹǼһȿǹ
ֻӵǹոֻϻƤӵӾ͵һŶȥ˲ͲӰ
ģʲôүҶӽǻƤӸܣɵЩ⣬ǹ˵
ǰȥһûжԶǰߵĶ֮ͻȻһľš
ľŲߴѾأˢĺ߲мһصͭҾеԿ׿ˣӦþϵġ
ľŵ·һСԲǻƤӾͨܽ档
ľ͸ˣȥһƾͻᵹ£Կ׿϶ҲòˣһѾͶԿףߵſ̧һžľ˹ȥ
һУľŴһ̳Ȼ£ҸӸϽֵͲȥֻźһͬһ䷿ӰС˶
һľű߿ӺԾͳ˹Ƿ沢ûڴĽ鱦İ˱
Щǳڷŵʮֵ룬ⲻķȻǧֻ֮࣬ԶЩ涼⼣Ѿû˵ķ
ŷѻСɽһıӵ𺳣潫ԼĸۡôıҪѲҪ췴ɣ⽫ϢܣѲɾͺйأ
Сʦ쿴ʱ賶ҵһѣָǱߵľŶ˵
˳ָȥֻľȻѾ࣬ĺð߲ܹĿľŵмһ߶һɫͼ
ͼһģһúɫϻ̾ӣŴ˿ڵĺɫߣ
ɫĴޱȵϤΪҲǵһοʯͷϺĹկ¥ϵĵһģһ
ߵĻҲɵŤͷʯͷһֻۣɫ΢΢Щףüëһ𣬲֪Щʲô
ߵĻҾ֪ط϶ʯͷйϵֻԼǲǰˣҲûа취֪
ʱıЩʹ࣬ҲɵЩۣǰļʯͷŤͷЦЦû˵ʲô
ⷿ˱֮ҲûбĶ泷˳ǰߣֻĶ֮ϸûԶһȺɫľţЩľ涼кߵıǣһĽȥ鿴ЩŵĲǱǿס
ʱһ涼ɵֹһҲо˲ԾͿ׵ڶ࣬װһ˵ĲҲǴ࣬󽫾׼ЩѲ췴ɣ
ҸĵĲ󽫾ҪҪ췴ʯͷ׸潫ۡʲôҹϵ


143 
ʯͷϵ⽫ĻһģһںˮʱǸɽ˿ʯͷʱĺҺˣʱл֣ڿ˸ҿ϶ǲ֪Ĺϵ
ʱǰѾû˷䣬ǰȥǺںͨҲ֪ͨʲô

ʱԱߵķͻȻһʲôڲЩ
ǸϽֵͲȥֻһҰëĻƤӴʱſڵϣһ˫ɺ۾Ķǡ
һ߿ǰһףоŽǻƤȥ˵ȻΪү첻㡣
˼棬ָʦѧôĵȻǻƤѾ˾ҿǰҲ£ߵǻƤӸǰľҪ
˭֪Ƥӿ߽Ȼ㲻ֱҾľʱͻȻתӡ
Ҳ֪һתǸʲô˼ֻͻȻֲõĸо
ȻһҪȥʱǻƤӵƨȴǶҸ߸ߵľ۵һȻһƨ
ʱŽǻƤӣû뵽һȻƨҾ;һɷӣһһɼΪǿҵĶֱš
ǳ޷ݣֱʬζҪǿҰٱɳһѬҾ;ԴһΣͨһƨɾ˵ϣҵ
û뵽ͻȻƨһ°ҸѬ߻أҹ˳ͨһҵ˵ϡ
ԲۣǼһﲻΪʲôȥǸƤӣԼϣһϽ˽ոսű˳ȥвͣĺܳѽ
ұǻƤӵĳѬͷתʱʯͷһ˽־ͰҸ˳ȥ
ĿȻҲʣǱĳҪǿ̫ˣƴĺ˼ڲ㻺ʱǼһﶼЦˣվûĸһƣȻ˵Ƕ棬ˡ
ʱǸƤĳͲӰ֪һûԶ϶ЩѻĿ档
ղűѬˣץˣȻ֪Ƕ棬Ѿĳ˭ҲԸȥ
ʱʯͷԼ£סڱǣ˵ȥŪȻ˽ȥ
ҺҲѧӣ°סӣŰһǹľһһҵſڡ
ֻʯͷߵ棬дһĺڵͣЩףûж󹦷ͻȻЩܳɫӰӣӰһһҿһſھͳ˹
ȻٶȷǳĿ죬Ҹſ׼ǶӴһͿ۶İһӾʹ˳һƹ⣬ʱһӰҲ嵽ҵĸǰҴһָľǶ˹ȥ
һֱڵᣬľһӾͿǵӰֻǶ֨һҽУڵһҲ
ŷֻ֣ǰ˶˵ֻƤӣǵϳ档
ʱʯͷķЩףֻһ洫һŻҰ׵Ӱڿ׶߸ߵԾʯͷž˹ȥֻϻƤӡ
ʯͷⶫԼûмڶзһƺߣеĺڵһһǶ˹ȥ
ʱǻƤѾ嵽ʯͷǰʯͷĵֿޱȣǻƤӸֻһҽжûüһֱӾͱʯͷһ롣
Ƕ䵽ϣȻվſڣаűӣŵһ˶ޱȵɧζ
ֻʯͷҲͣϽ˳ɫЩ΢΢ķףȻҲѬĲᡣ
ʱǻƤӵĳѾ˿ǲټͣͨȥ
ǰ߾ȻԽԽҶڵܶѾשӵͨ˲ٵ˼
ǰжûжãһֱǰʯͷȴͻȻͣӣ˵
ǸϽֵͣͲǰһգȻͨƺվһźɫӰЩӰһСûԶԿ徿ʲô⡣
ʲôһǹ˵꣬ľ;еİһǹһӰǹ
ֻӵǸɫӰȻͨһӰȻһӾ˿ڵϡ
һǹͰӰˣһҲһߵǰһֻЩȻһƳ£Щµ߱һСϴſףͨ߾վţͬͨʿһ
ߵһǰϸĴһǰ£ⶫЩһΪⶫϱ˺ɫЩɵͼηǳ֣һַһ㡣
ʱҲߵһ¸ǰµļֻ۾ֱð˵ʼʱٸҲ˵ֵϱǮˣЩȻģŪȥҲɡ
ұĵĿһһۣûüЦͼɫͻȻò԰ףֻ۾ôģзһ
ǱĽһתͷȥֻһɫģͷ¿ǻĲӡ
ͬʱµĺһǴһ㣬³һ
Ǹվţû뵽ԷͻȻѣʱҪѾˣѾıͷסˣúܿסûǿȥ
ǹŨҵĳζ軹ŵˣӹЩûмܶԷͷѲۿҪԷͷ
أʱһʹ˹ȥеİһǹǹУǶԴһѡ
ǸͷûоʹɿȻѵԹ֮̽Ĳס衣˫ץסͷҪ͸
ģӼ״ֺץͷ
ͷʹջȥ軺ڵֱ
˭֪ʱǸõԴµȴͻȻŵϵȥһҵķѡ
ֻһֻ±ӸղһǹõֻһʲôûУһ鿪ͱĳһ
ǸϽȥֻǶȻһֻûëĺӣ¹ͺͺģ滹һβ͡
ⶫ˱ŵõһź˻ʱҲеİһǹǶɨ˹ȥ
ϹûһëƤҰף˻ëֱⶫͷղűһѸˣ治ֺͣɫѪҺδδ˳
ֻһǹȥǶӿĸһԱ߶㿪ʱҲǱëˣǹڲͣ׷Ƕ
ǶԱߵ£ղſϻŵֵͼоЩԾϽӺҪ
Ѿˣֻžм±ӵĲǹɨУ˿
Ӵеһеǹ˷棬һһֻûƤĹ
ܳүƴˣȻֳһֻѾɱˣǹһĵҲ׳ͣĿǹǰɨȥЩ±߰㣬ֻЩʵ̫죬ӵǹûдЩµѣЩҲԽԽ࣡


144 ض
ʯתޱȻ֪жãҶЩˣһϸڲǽ֮ϻĳ֡
ϸСУҲˣʯſ϶Ǹղתʱ򱻹ϵġ
ʯתһ㣬ҸϽȥƣ˭֪ȻƲŵĺ汻ʲôסһ
ʱʯͷɫվȥһʯţʯŻı˿
ҸϽֵͲ˹ȥֻʯŵĺһˣ
ǸӰ治ɵһϽֵͲ˹ȥǲŵԭΪźʷֵͲһȥֻһӵŮˣǸŮѪʬ
ж֪ģһҾͽ䱸ȴڵһҲҶһֻŮѪʬϴʱһֲ˿ڣЩ˿ھϻģŮѪʬϻĶѪڣƤⷭѾûһõطȳѪˮһء
˶ĵǣѪʬҸöͰϹ۵ԴѾֿǰ
ͷԲǱ˿ģΪӵĶϿڴ˲β磬ǱʲôӲŤһ
ΣһŮѪʬж֪ģʲôȻܹӲİԴŤ
ʱʯͷҲŮѪʬʯͷֻ΢΢һüͷȴŵôһڵֱ
ȻѪʬģŪóһҪҵʷϽֵȥ
ֻⷿЩƤˣԴȡֻҵĽӡĵǵѪ
һҼˣôþΪҪҵʷȻӰӣ⵽ôһ£
ŲҪȥ˭֪ոһ̧ţ¾ʹһҵĽֻ˰ѪʬԴһӾڵϵҵĽŲӾҧ˹ȥ
һûӦһӰͳҵǰֱӷһţŮѪʬԴƤһߵùķɵ˽棬ʯͷ߷ŮѪʬԴ
ʱлǳ嵽棬ֵͲµİѰһ飬ЩƤˣЩûʷӰӡ
һãȻʷôƾʧˣ
ҽüͷͻȻ뵽ʯתȥôʯӦܴ򿪵ģͨһͨѲʷѾһͨˣ
ʱҵҲǳ֣ʷܣôŮѪʬԴôŤģѲиʷ
ʵ滹һԼҲԸȥŵƲ⣬ǾʷѾ˽ʬԼŮѪʬԴŤȻ߳ʯš
ȻԸܣӽʵƲ⣬ҵĲɵĳЩ䡣
ʯͷ趼ǱˣѾµˣ߹ҵļʯͷһԲ죬ƺҪ˵ʲôһ仰û˵
ʱǽִŮѪʬ֨ҽеɽ־˹ȥԴڵϣһһ¸ҵϡãȻǬ
ʱС˵Сʦǽô죿
һƨڵϣͷ˵ȣŷתȥȥʷ
ҵĻ˵ͷߣûʯͷڷĬĵⷿһתȥ
תʯžͻԶرգǺ´ʯŵĻᣬÿһᶼȥһʯţҲ֪˶ãһֵ裬ֻʯ£֨֨ĸ˿
ʯŴ򿪣ҺʯͷϽ˳ȥһֻطʷͨʯͷ£ָһ˵ߡ
ıӱ˵Ĳ֪ٱĻǲҵ飬Ͻ˳ͨǰȥֻʯͷҶ˵һ䣺кŨʬζѾǶˡ
ʯͷĻҵˣȻ˵ʷѾʬˣǻдһ뵽ʷΪұֹҵۿ̲סʪ
ͨܳҾһأǰĿռǱÿǰһĶѨ
һͨ͸оһɭɭǴ˹̲סͣ˽Ų˸¡
ľطͷΪҵʷһҪǰû뵽Ӹոһͱʯͷסˣ˵ȵȣﲻԾ
ͣӣֵͲһգǰ龰ҵļһĺֱðҲǰһ
ֻǰĵҵİһ߾ߵʬ壬Щʬ嶼˵ģҶ˵ģȫӣϵƤûһ˿ˮ֣ȫ˸ʬһɵһ
Щʬеıãеȴ֪ʲôԭ򣬴ȺֱѾû˼⣬¶һؽزҰ׵ĹͷЩͷ滹в˿Ǳʲôйһ
ЩʬɢҵİڷڵϣһֱǰȥǴԼʮ׵ĵطȻһ׸ߵСɽҶһֱӸŵɽȻҲȫָʬѳġ
ܳʲôط迴ЩʬŵֱˣʵҲܹСЩʬ̫࣬ûһҲкüǧģһĿ˭ҲԲ
Һϵ亹˲·ʪˣô˶ֱһԵɱЩ˵ʲôˣôȫ
ʱʯͷȴǰһȻôֲĸʬüͷûһ£ǶӣְѸǰһſڵϵĸʬ˹
Ǿ߸ʬ˹ſ壬ЩʬĸʬƤıһ㷢ֱ֬ߵһģһ
ʬƤҾ;θһڣģԺҲˣһͻ뵽ЩµĶ
ʱʯͷڵϣƺڴʲôײײӣҲ˹ȥֻǾ߸ʬĲһֲ˿ڣӶˣ¶ɭɭľǻ˷Ѫܣʹţ·˻źϵƤ嵽һ𣬿ȥŤ·һ
ǿŶģʱʯͷһʬ壬ǰһ߼һģһǱп˺ܣŸڵѪġ
ʱҲ̽ͷ̽ԵĴ˹˭֪һûȣһһǾ߸ʬ˹ȥ
ҪַѾۿҪǿֲĸʬӵʱһֻּᶨһѳסĲӣʯͷ
ŵɫףԼؿڣʯͷ˵ллȻͻȻһ㶣ʲôҪڵһ˴ԼĲ죬ĽеܳղǸˣ
һһڵұŵ΢΢Щɡ
˭֪ʱʬѻɵʬɽȴͻȻһ


145 
ĻһϽʵʲôŹ֣
˭֪ʯͷȴҡҡͷ˵ҲطҾһֱʲôԾ
Ǳ˵ȥԭǷֿ֮ǸŹֵȻʯͷǰϿ϶ʲôܣʯͷȻŹ׷
ϵĲӣٶȱʯͷҪ죬ʯͷþȫҲ׷ϲϣԵڹʯͷֱ
ӵ֣絽ʲôˣôʲôͼһԽԵأʱһˣҲ֪ʲôطӽɽ֮ǾͺƾʧһҲûǵİϢ
һǾȥŷǰһĶѨͷĿѨдǳԾѲɽȻȫǿյ
ҳԾĻǰΣֻǲԶȻһƬĺ
ҴֵͲǰһգֻǰһƬһͷĺɫĻֵЩûҶӣֻһͺͺĻˣ涥һͬ˵ȭͷһСĻ䡣
ɫͬ˵Ѫһ㣬ĴۣһһϸЩ궼رһ⻨ȥͬסȭͷһ㡣
벻ڵĵ¿ռоȻܿʺĻ䣬Щڶ࣬ľһƬһ
Һ趼ǰĻ𾪵Ŀɿڴ濴ȫ˶ĺµĶ뵽ͷȻһƬķ羰
ЩȻһǾЩͷΪطգô˶ĺɫ䣬ЩɫѪҵĸоΪĲ
ʲôתͷֵʵ
ֻʯͷĬƬ̣˵ЩܾǴ˵еı˰
Ļһ˰˵ģֻֽн֮˵ǵеĽʹߣκԣָ߹κţܵظ
˰һǧ꣬һǧ꣬Ҷһִ˵ֻڵвųֵĻ䡣
뵽һѲѾڵ
Ҿľýֱһ£һȫעĴƬһ̣۵໽ŤͷֵңСʦˡ
һһķӦ֪ۣǾ֤ڻţҸϽǸ˵˼Ҳǹġ
ǼһȻе㻳ɣû˵ʲôֻԱŲ˼ԶԶġ
ʯͷûСǰƬ˵ܾЩйŹ֣ҪСһ㡣
˵ͷñһ£һɵζǹζܵϸŸŲζƺʲôħһ㣬ֹס˼¡
ʱʯͷָǰ˵ղ׷磬ܵģҪǵҾ׷ȥˡ
˳ָȥֻƬмȻһԼԼС·Ƭ֮УϸʱԷֲ˵ġ
ϢƬ̣׷ȥ϶֪ʲôܣܰץסôһҲ⿪
ߵС·Աߣһǰı˰ʱûĲ⻨Ǹһֺܲȫĸо
ʱߵʯͷɫͻȻޱȣߵЩ˰Աߣеĺڵ˰ǿЩĸ
ЩһҺ趼̲סĵһұΪЩҲȫû뵽ʯͷĵһӳľȻһһؿݻƵĹͷ
ֻЩ˰ĸȻҲѪɫģЩϸľһͷһץסЩݻƵĹͷ
ҸϽ߹ȥһֻҵһͷЩͷԶģֻ֪˶ˣЩͷѾơ
벻Щ˰ȻȫЩ˹ͷϵģЩ˹ǵִ
һƬ޴ĻͷɵһƬ˵ľ޴Щ̵Ķ˹ǣôҪˣ
뵽һļƤ񣬾ЩëȻϽͷŤһߡ
ֻʱվҵߣһֱЩ˰ֵֻһ۾գһ£ƺɵˣȴֳָһĨΪЦݡ
һۣ֪һڸʲôãֱ񣬻ĨЦݣľЩͷ̧־ļһ£ôˣ
һȥͼ軺̧ͷֻ۾ֱңĨЦŨ˼֡
һڵȻһҰ޲е׹⣬ǵĨЦ⿴ȥޱȵĹ죬òͷղľһһ£ҪҰɡ
ҸҪô£ͼһ͵ؾ˿ͻȻһͬҰһĺУǽҲĹ죬ԲܹȻһţһѾͱסҵļյҼۡ
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˭֪ûҵĻһǳҹһЦ죬ͬҰһ㣬¶һڰҵĲӾҧ
һʼΪһⶺ棬ҿЦأƣһҪҧңҿһĴɵĻɢһүģ
͵һŤҪѳĿƣ˭֪һľһͷţסҵֱֻǯһҾȻûѿ
ۼĴҪҧҵĲӣҼǣһһӾŵϵȥֱҽƬ˰档
һҲŵֻûа취ҧˣɿֱ֣ӾҽЩ˰棬һؾ´һžž֪϶Щ˹ǱҸѹˡ
һҾͻæǻûվȣӾ͸߸ߵԾͬһֻһҾ˹
׼һڵôˣȻľҲȥټٶʵ̫죬һûӦͱ˵ڵء
ֻϣֻİסҵֻ֣ͣҵĲҧ
һû˰취ۼҪҧҵĲӣֻһĺȴͻȻһ죬һһֱӾ͵ҵϡ
ֻʯͷվźڵĵ˻Ȼղžõ˾ҡ
Ұȥڵʯͷʵô£һôˡ
ʯͷͷЩʲôƬ̺Ŷ˵Ҳ֪
Ȼ֪һôͻȻʧķˣһǰڻ˳
ͷһֻʯͷǼһﻹվڻһЩ֣һ˭֪û˵̧ͷһۣûйЦݵϾȻֳһĨޱȵЦݣոһģһ


146 ͨ
ͨǰǲֱģ߲Զͻһ䣬ʯͷǰ棬ұ档
ûжԶҺȻýǲȵʲôҸЩջĻعͷʱҲ˹ֵͲһգֻпСʯͷҸһžͽʯͷ߷˳ȥ
ʱں棬㱻߳ȥʯҵԴŵһֽһҺСʦҪѽ
λһ˵ϻϽ·ȻתǾһתͷĹǰȻһҲûˡ
ΰҸŵĵʹסˣ迴Ҳߣֵ̽ͷȻĽеô£
ԭǰ治ûʯͷǵӰӣһһʯǽʯǽʯģͨµʵʵ
תͷ߷ʯͷֻһգ۵ĹôһʯôûϢĳأʯͷȥ
Һּ£ϽߵǰʯţֻֻʯŲ֪жһ޴ʯ壬ΪҸоǣʯȻһ޴
ֲͷϻֻļǣʱҹҹǿʯģȻúɫȥĿģ˸оһ˵ĿֲϢ
ȻȥˣʼһҸ㲻⵽ô£֪ʯͷʮа˾žʯһ棬ſʯϣĺ˼ɤӣǶ澲ĵģûд
Կܲƿ˵
Ȼ֣ʯȥƾʹ̵۵ͷ󺹣ǿʯһ
Һһᣬ۵ĿҪˣŵûа취ֻڵϿʯϢ
裬Ҫ¡ʱСѾͷȴҡҵļ˵
Դο˵ԣ£Ƕģ˻ġ
˵ʱһ˫۾ͣұʯţ֪϶Ǳʯҹ渡ŻˣŰο
˭֪ҵĻ֮ŵɫûзС˵ǵģҸղſգ۾
ҺһۣǼһNɪ԰ףһܳľǰȥ
ʯ壬˵ҹ渡Ȼգ۾ܲ£ҸϽһѽ汧ǰͳ
ܵǰ棬͵ػͷֵȥȻҹ渡ֻ۾ĵطҵֵͲ֮㾫⣬Ǿ˫۾Ĺâ
ұ˫۾ŵûĺëֱȻŻˣҿ˹СʵСʦ⵽ʲô
֪ʲô˫۾ȻҵֵͲţһգҲգĶңҸû亹ֱð
ұ۾Ҫ̲סתܵʱʯͻȻ˼춯ʲôһһȻ˫һֱҵ۾һӾʧֻտյĺڶ
Ȼ˵۾ѾˣҺ趼߽˼оȫһ㡣
ʱ豻ųһͷĺʵСʦô죬ҪҪȥ
ʯĪֵĳ֣ҺʯͷǷֿһʼΪ⵽ʯŰǸģĲһ
ʯǽһʯͷǵĻûпֻǲ˵Ҹղŵ˫۾ȥеκһ
ʯŰǸˣôʯͷȥܾܲôƾʧ˰ɣ
ҲʯͷǣЩ̤ʵҡҡͷ˵طЩŹ֣ȱ𶯣Ȼ˵
Ȼ˫۾ŵùǺҲߣҲһܵȥֻʵʵԭء
ڵҲ֪˶ãĵſҼͷ˯ˣʱȴͻȻһ󺰣Сʦ쿴ʯ岻ˣ
ұͻȻһɤӸһ̧ͷһȻʯ岻֪ʱȻӰǰֳһڵͨ
ҸϽڵͨȻ֪ǿʯΪʲôĪʧǰĵ·Ѿͨˣ˳ͨߣӦþҵʯͷǡ
ҽ汳ϣ躦һɤӣߡ
ǼһƨƨߵĸҾǰ˹ȥ
һʼһֱΪͨʯͷǽȥͨ˼ȴЩԾΪͨ治֪ûˣ˺ĻҳʱЩҳȻûһӡ
ҸϽһ֣˵ͣطԾ
ǼһﱻһϽ´һۣȻһɵʵĲԾСʦ
ָָͨĵ棬Ȼ˵طԾʯͷߵĲͨ
Ȼ˵㣬ԴҵĻͷһ֪ڣͨ˻ҳ߹ȥ϶ºۼʯͷǿĸˣһۼ£ʱǰĵȴǰӡҲûС
ҲɵľЩ֣ǸսǴСʯͷһ£ֻգ۵ĹʯͷǾͲӰȻǵʯĪĳʧ١
ĲµǸֽд϶ʲôܣǵطܹŤռ䣬任λá
طʯͷĵطԼǰǾ͸ԽԶһ֣˵Ͻ
һѣתһ䣬ǰ˹ȥұҲϽȥ
ԽǰԽЩԾΪղǽĲԶȴԶû߻ԭء
ǰ˼˶ͷ϶Ѿ˺ˣһס裬˵ˣطǿ߲ȥ
תͷʵô¡
ָָǰĵ棬˵ֻصԭˡ
һŵֱӾֻʱĵнӡнӡģֻһнӡǰһнӡطǸոջعͷĵط
ЩŵĻͷȥֻĵ˻ҳȻһӡû£
ⲻѽŰˣΪǸո߹ȴûһӡĳ˭һ
ҲعͷǰͨɵЩͷۣطôһ£ΪʲôôԶֻصԭ㣿
Һվԭأ㿴ҿ㣬һΣһߵʮֵСģһʼһжǵ˶ʮξͲ֪ȫıģЩԭµĽӡҲʧ
ͣ˽Ųֻ֪Ҫǰ߶ʮͻԶĻصԭأͨһģһԸղûз֡
طǲܻͷĲµĹؼȻܻͷˣֻǰߣǰںͨ˵زȥˣǰ߰ɡ


147 
ֻͨҪ߾ͻصԭأûа취߳ȥǱƵûа취ֻǰǰ
Ҳ֪潫ΪʲôҪط׵Ĺ⽫ĵڳôͨǸʲôõġ
һţԴͻȻʱЩɽɽڵĶѨһص֮أԲŻЩɽ⽫ɽĲԶѲ֮ʲôϵ
뵽ҲɵЩͷطʮа˾Ÿɽϵ˵øǴͬһ֮ϣֻ⽫ǵľͷԲŻŨص
뵽ҸӵĲ⣬˸ǷӣѡʢĵطΪʲô潫ƫƫѡĵطأ
ҺһֱǰԶͨûпͷҹһ¾룬ͨӦô˽һֱ쵽ɽˡ
ǰһξ룬оǰͻȻÿֵͲǰһգֻǰһ㳡һĶѨⶴѨһֻж֮ܿλһ޳һһ׵ģÿһȫǺɫһ߾ӷ׵ĵ飬һȦһȦûһǿյġ
ЩΪǺɫԶ˿ϸڣܹЩ϶źɫĿףел
ҿͬһ׳۵ĳɵľ̾ΪֹǼһĵĻǲƱڿЩɫ϶ſףŵ̲סˣ˵ܳЩɶǱѽȻһ˹ȥ
Ҹ費һҸͲںЩֵǮ⣬̧ͷһֻⶴѨϸʮףΧһȦȦȫЩɫżٸ
治ɵ֣˵潫Īרڶģô޴ĵ¹̣Ҫö˲ɣ
ܳⲻʯͷˣ޴ĶѨͣĸпʱѾߵǰͻȻһУƨľ˻
һܵҸǰɫףͷ亹ͷˣȻŵòᡣ
СʦѽЩⶼģЩָָǰ˵
ĻҲɵĵһҪ˵ɵĻԵٸˣ
뵽һҲЩСĵߵһǰֻСı˲ֱ࣬źɫĿףһ˳ǹ¶Ƥڸɿݣģ
Щſ׵˶һ߾Ѿ绯˵ĸʬ
ҷʬƺһӸϵţͷ쵽һֻⶫıһߴʮּܣЩʮּӽǸİס
ǱʮּܣҲЩʬΪʲôվ
Щ˶Ǳ˸ɱģСʦ㿴ǵĲӡʱͻȻָǸʬĲӶ˵
˳ָȥȻʬĲһĿĵ˿ڣ˿ںȻûн˵ĲӸϣǵطƤⷭ¶˿־İɫܡ
СʦҾطĵ͸Źаǻǿ쳷ɡܣ˵
˵ʵ£ΧǺüپ߸ʬоĺ˲ҵ˵ͷǰȥ
ǰ˲ԶͻȻǰȻһߴĺӰǺӰ׶ߣҺ趼һ
ǸϽֵͲǰȥֻǰǸӰȻһ˶ޱȵͭ
ֻͭĵһֱ׵ڹ꣬ڹıһԲεĶ濴һڴһ
Ŀɿڴ˵Թԣ⵽ʲôʲô
߽һֻصڹֻ꣬ڹȻпյģı濪һķεĿӣ³֮ͭ⻹кصѬúۼ
Щ̧ͷһϵǿڴһĶѾĲµ⵽Ǹʲôһˣһֻ¯
¯Ҳǳ˵¯ӣҲǹʱĵɵҩĶû뵽Ȼôһ¯Ѳɵɡ
ִһΧⵤ¯ԶһѺںĶ߽һϵһľ̿
˵һ¯
ҵĻ֮۾ð⣬һⵤ¯˵Թԣô¯ӣʲôѽѲǳ˳ϵɵ
һĻ£ӾһľȥԴ¯濴ɨ˼ۣȻʧ˵ģëûС
ĴԼϵĻҳһľɥҸҪЦ䣬˭֪ʱſұϵĶһ£ԴյҵĶߣЩĶ˵裬ֶˡ
С˵ʱ΢΢ĲԵʮֵĺ£Ļ͵̧ͷȥֻЩɫĸʬ֮һɫӰ
ʱҲǶһۣȻҴһܣ˾ǰ˹ȥ
Ȼ֪ʲôܹоǿҵΣգ϶׶ԸģڲܻҪȵʲôʱ
豾ͱҪܵĿ죬ұֱ治һͱ˦˾룬Ťͷһֻһڴ׵ĸߴӰҳ˹
ǺӰʮֵĸߴһͿȥԶ𶯵ϵĿײͣĻ죬⻩ͣҶͬһŵҳһ亹
ҧǰܣԽԽǶ˵ϵ棬ֻý˻ʱǰܵĲӰ
汧ڻҵٶֱ˲٣ʱǻѾҵıҸоһǿҵΣգϽһתԱ߾͹˹ȥ
Ҹոչһ죬ͷһֻһֻڵĳǹòҸղŶ㿪ĵطҪҸղŵĶ죬˵Ѿͱ˸͸
Ҹûкµʱ䣬Ͻڵ̧ͷһ׷ҵĶһ߿ֲĸʬĸʬһĸʬĲ涼һֲ˿ڣڷģ߸ʬĲһ˿ҲûУȻƤѾɿݣһ˫۾ȻɢĹɣĲͣҡ
ֻⶫһק嵽ϵĳǹתĿ׶ǺɫģЩȻһ⼣ûУȥĵģﲻɵķ
ֻⶫң̧еĳǹ
ΣҸϽеŵϣһѣ˵ߣߵԽԶԽãȻ˱ľ
ʱԹ˶֪ܲܶסֻԼȥСҲһ֮ǰ˳ȥǲûԶһԽͣĵҡ


148 
Ҳ˲ˣľضǰɫ׵ĸʬǵҿòʱȴŵò
ֻʬϰûʲô𣬿ȴûֻţһɫֳִβ͡
β渲һ÷ֺɫƬȥͬһֻߵβһֲøղڱûŲԭͲǿ·ģ
ұŻˣǻûҷӦɿݵϾһŤзһ˻˻ĽһеĺɫǹҾͲȥ
һǹٶȷǳ죬ұľһأǳǹƿͷϽһӣԱ߾͹˹ȥ
Ҹոչֻһ죬Ǹ˳ǹѾ嵽ĵϣǹͷ˽ȥղҪ΢һ㣬ҿ϶ᱳ͸
Ե϶ҵһ뷨ܣڲԶҪˣ϶ṥ
뵽һҧҧ˵ӸƴˣϽڻһѷֽһҡͶ˹ȥ
ⶫԵĲǻĻЩͻá
ȻҵķֽûⶫһֽУ͵ź˹ȥǲڵϵĳǹûüγ
ҿоǴŵĻᣬһ˫־ľǰ˹ȥͷһԴȥ
û뵽ⶫҪĶ࣬ҵĽûпⶫӾ͵һתִһβ;˹
Ѿ嵽ĸǰˣû뵽һУ÷ǳҸֻоһɴײҵ䣬ȻһʹӾͷ˳ȥ
һҵϣ군ˣҪˡ
һӱǹ鵽ϣҿ࣬ϵĹͷûһط۵ģһó鵽ҶϣҸĲ³
Ȼ۵һҲϢڵһҸոûüվ͸оһǶ˹
͵תҪľǹֻƾѾҵļˣȻҾ͸оһɴһӾͰҸ˵˵ϡ
Ƕ˵ڵأҪҵĲҧҸϽ̧˫ţⶫؿھ˹ȥ
ߵⶫؿϣΪܽ߿˭֪ĳ棬һȥֻǰӸߵĻζһ£
ڵϸûа취㿪ֻýĽסʱ˹вͣĽ裬ֻ۾Ѿˮ
һӰֻĶǹһĺѽ
Ͳô࣬һһ˹ʱǸѹϵĹѾͷת
ܳүʱǹͻȻһ󺰣跢ģȻͼ͵һͷϾͳ˳ȥֵһҵ
ҸϽԱһһ§˻棬תͷȥֻǼһǹǰ嵽ϵĳǹĲڵĺ󱳣Ķڵϡ
СʦܣǰиڣһеǹǶĶڵϣһҴ󺰵
㶥ס𣡡ʵˮʵһﻹûüشǱڵϵĹͷһĺУڵ͵һеĳǹͱԱһ嵽˵ϡ
໣
ǹһĿƣڵ͵һվȻûͣ˹ȥ
ܴ֪Լ϶סϽڵϣҪҶǰͳ˹ȥ
˭֪ǼһûдǹӲƴĳǹȾܣǹӦǱóǹ崦ŭ𣬾Ȼһۣ׷˹ȥ
תͷԸ˼䣬ǺҲ׷˹ȥʱǼһǰ治ͣҽС
Ȼܵĺܿ죬ǹҪ죬ۿǶѾԽԽˣͷֽһǸ˳ǹһӾͱǹؿϣȾܡ
Ƕһֽǹ棬ʱպܵ棬һһԴȥ
˭֪ⶫҪĶ࣬Աһһһ˿ȥҸϽܵǰվţһղźĽǹ͵ǹУǶǹǡ
ܰɣ賶ҵһ¡
ȻҲ֪ⶫǸʲô⣬ղֽʱԵЩ£ҵķֽӦܹá
쳣Ҫ÷ֽأһֻǺ治ԶǸ¯¯һ⣬˵ȦȥȻ÷ֽ
ҵĻһ¯ҵ˵ͷȻһǰһǹԶԶһڿˮе˹֣׷Сүѽ
֪Ķ˻ƵĶĲᣬһͳ˹迴зһֽУȾܡ
ҸϽԱ˼ȻһζӶ׷Ǽһȥˡ
ҸϽܵ¯棬ȥ׵棬ͳһŷֽ
ֽǿհ׵ģûлκη䣬ҧԼʳָѪ˳ʹ滭һɷ


149 ү
ʿһ㶼ɰΪɰأɰЧõģȻǵԼѪǲҪͷûĸʿԼѪȥġ
ͨķֽɲܹԲҧԼָԼѪŷֽ
ȷֽãҶǿڵ¯棬ͷֻڻڴֻתȦֻǹĳǹȴˣҲ֪ʲôطȥ
Σ洵һڣӵźţǹŵ¯˹
Խ¯һǹߵ棬һವһ¾ͷȥ۾ĶԴеķֽһӾ档
ȻǱϾҵ͵ϮһӾסˣֻӳðѷֽ档
ֽϵһ˲䣬Ҳ䵽˵ϣİסֽɿ
ŷֽһͷϣҸоӶһ£ŷһĺУȻҿβһҾҪ˹
ͷɵĴ󼱣ⶫβǶҿ֪ģҪǱɨУһᱻֱӴɳȥġ
βҾ˹ҼǣһһӾ˵ϣֽ§Ĳӣ
βҵıһɨûйң§ĲӣˣŵһŨŨĶζõһҲ˳
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֪϶Ƿֽã§ĸӵĽˣûãͽİϵǹɳҲԽԽŨѬҲûбȥ
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ʯͷĵǷǳģһҶĶǸŵõһһӾͰˡ
ԭͷأһǿֲŮˣŵôһ̵ģź˼
ʷҲŵɫףŮ˵Ǻ򶨣ɫ΢΢Щ֮⣬û̫ı֡
ʯͷѱĺڵ˳ǰͿ˹ȥֻһЩɫҶӺͻ˱һһƬʱǲ㿴˵ϵΡ
ֻϴʱһŮ˵ӣǸŮ˻㣬ڵϣʹĳţЩĸĿ
˸е־ǣŮ˵ͷ滹һɫ磬Щ꿪Ů˵ĺףץŵ档
ǱǰľŪëȻʯͷ̧ţǰһȻеĺڵ˹ȥ
ֻһЩҶֱһƬֳֻһŮ˵ʬ壬һĻ㣬һĴ͡
ʱЩԭĸζȴԽԽŨǶһֻЩʯͷϵĻ֦ðɺҺ壬ЩҺģѪһͣ䣬εŮ˵ϣǿӵĿֲԽԽŨĳЩЩɫҺ淢ġ
ʯͷƺҲǹɶѬЩסһԾ˳ǸϽź˼оһ㡣
Щ棬ʶֻʷ;ǸŮˣתͷʵЩʲôͷ
һʼЩЩĹЩ˰һܹ˲þǾôʱ䣬ȴûʲô쳣
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ʷĻһﶼĬʯͷʵô죬ѲɻҪ߻ȥ
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ҲϽȥʱʷҲЩŮ˵ʬȻ࣬ǰڷŵĲνܣʯͷͣĿЩǾЩʬķ϶֮Сĵߡ
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ĻһϽ¸İסڱǣҰסԼ֮ȥıӣ˵̫ѱϡ
˭֪ҵĻ֮ȴգ۾˵ҾһҲѽЩζ㡣
Ļһסˣǻ洫ŻĶСѾͷô˵Щζأ
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ҸˤڵЩܿľҵϣҵȸĲס
ЩĶʮֵѸ٣ĲסҵȣһҲܶҸϽȥЩת˲ֱҲЩˡ
ŵ÷УӻعͷһۣеܳҪæڱ棬ûа취ڳ
ʱһֱǰʯͷӽһǿߣ˵ӾڿնӼһҵĸǰ
ǸˣʯͷĻ֮ҲϻͷܣֱУһȴֵˮͰһЩɫĸողȥͱˣͬһ̹һ㣬һ·ǰѹȥʷ;ƹңĸûöþѾܵ˶԰
ʱЩֲĸѾҵȣвѾҵĿ棬ŵҳһ亹
ʯͷߵҸǰûзϻͽסҵЩϣȻһѾͽҸ档
ǾôṦЩɫĸѾʯͷ°ʯͷϽúڵ濳ȥ˷ĸѾΧ˹ʯͷһֻ
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˵ʲôˣʯͷѾȫЩûЩҲҲ˹
ʯͷڱЩȫվԭһҲܶұڼ棬ҲסˣѾɫ
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Ŀ˶оЩĪĽţΪŨɢȥʱڵϵľ޴ӡÿ˶
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ʱһﶼֻɽֻͷͦأһߵһͨ˹ȥǻ࿴һۣͷ˹ȥ
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ǰûжԶǰĿ˹һԽĸˣӿŲǰ˹ȥûжþ߳ǺڰĶѨ
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156 
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溣Ļӵ۾ֱˣ˵ʲôЦǵȥͷ


158 
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Ļһ۾ɴˣ˵ʲôѽԼ֪ûлǵȥң
溣ǵʣ˵Ȼ֪ҵ֪ഫϹ֮ʱһຣԱߣʬҲҵǣһ˵ͼ
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ӣӵֻӶҪɳˣð⣬Ҫǻ˱ĵطһʮа˾ŵĻȥ
ֻ溣Ӵ˿óƤȻߵǸǰ˵Ǹͼ˵Ĵ˿
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159 
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Ļ溣ƺһĶɻ˵ȥĹûжãǵ˾ʧˣǵʱΪˣû뵽㸸׾Ȼܹųȥ


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Ļһﶼˣû뵽Ҳ֪ĸ׵߳Ĺ
ֻ溣˵ֵ˸һĹֵʧˣ˺ܾöûҵΪʲôˣǵߵ֮ͭǰʱǣ˵ֵɢˣòײŸǻϣʱҵʣĹ餾ǰ棬˭Ҳûȥϸǣڴҽȥʱֵʧˡ
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溣˵⣬ĬĬʦֺʯͷ컹ǸĹֵˣͽܣҲǵ·ˣպ
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ھУĲǺ룬һĶѽ溣̾ϢһȻ˵Ǹ߽棬ǼһͳϵĿס졣
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ΪǸձˡ
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溣ʱʯͷЩ˸Ȼͳļ˵Ҳңõǿʯͷ֮ȫֵջ˴Ǹӡ
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Һ󴸣ҪңʮҲֻϲܳʱ溣Цһ£˵


161 
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Ļ󴸾֪Щͷ˰ŵȫĵطͷ͵ǡ
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һʯͷûжþεˣʱұǿʯͷԻǣûȥ㡣
˵⣬溣һʯͷ֮Ρ
Ƕڳ˺棬ǳ֪淢ʲô飬ص溣
ʱҵѾȫˣǿʯͷֻҪһ˭Ҳÿʱ󴸳˽ҪҰʯͷ£ҵȻԸ⣬ҾҵʯͷģҾ͸
Ҳ󴸵Ķ֣ʯͷ˹ȥΪҪ˽ǿʯͷû뵽ȴǽʯͷŵ˺˵ǳԵĵҩǼٵģǶᱻŮʯӰ쵽
溣˵пɬζŨңʱұǿʯͷסﻹܹôֻ֪࣬Ҫǿʯͷûа취ֻðҸ˹ȥ
ʱҷԼĹ棬һľʹǱһ㡣
溣˵ʱЩ΢΢Ĳ֪ʱ϶ǿʯͷ֮Ͽʼ仯ʱǱƤһ㣬ʹ϶ǳǿң
ʹһҲˣǸоǰӽ͹ըһ۵ȥüΡ
溣ʹ϶ɵһ㼦Ƥ
һʱҷһɽ棬󴸾ҵԱߣֻʱƺҲˣͣѪµѪǺɫġ
溣˵ʦˣЩģҲЩ֣ʱĹѾûˣʦôܵأ
뵽һ㣬תͷ˾ĸ׺ʹĪĳʧ֮϶ʲôܣ᲻ʦֵģ
ʱƺҲ뵽һ㣬溣üͷ壬ȴû˵ʲô溣ʯͷһۣ˵ʱȻţ̫أһѾ۵ľ㻹һԻ˯УǿŮʯȥˣ˵ѾŻȥˣôˣѾ˵ǱǿŮʯɵǳԵĵҩǼٵġ
溣˵ʱҧһ𣬷֨֨ȻѾ޵˼㡣
ʱ̧Լֱۣҵ񱻻һѾûһƤ֪ԼⱲˡ
Һ󴸶ܶΪǻ棬֪˶ã˹˳ȥ
溣ʯͷ˵ʱʦֺ溣ܶʯͷһ˰ɽ϶˲ٵĿͷ
ɽ£󴸿ʼҺԼˣһƤյˣȻ󴸾һҲֻܽԼֲҼ˵Ĺ
溣һ̾Ϣ֪ʮ϶ʮֵѹҲ֪ôȥοʯͷļʱ溣˵ʱΪֻұǿʯͷӰ쵽ˣ˭֪󴸺һܵǿʯͷӰ죡
治ɵĿһӣ˵ʯͷʧ϶ǿŮʯճɵģʦأô£
ɽµǶʱ䣬󴸾ѪµѪڵɫ֪ЩԾȻ֪Ȼû⣬ǵʯͷʱȴ˸ˣǸʮֵȻܣԼҲˣʱĻŮʯڸյŮʯֺһһ㸯ã
Ļ濩һӣʦֵڲͣĸãЩ溣ʵʦֵ˭
ʵʱҹⲻȥΪһ뵽Ĺ棬ֻĸ׺Ͳ֪ȥ˵
Ǹ棬󴸵ʱܾˣûп˵Ŀ溣ĻȻû֪ʦֵ˵˭һǰһ溣Ҵʦֵĸ׻߲Ĳ֪ôŮˡ
ȻʦҲûп˭ɻһʱҲⲻĵʦֵƣϽ溣ʵʦֺôˣ
溣ҵ˵ͷ˵ȻڸǿŮʯ䵽Լöܶ࣬ʱҲЩÿ춼Լҩ˵һ֮ڲ£Ҳõģ˵֪һطܹԼƣǸطϡ
ʦΪʲôܵϣԭôһֱϸԼˣֻвɵЩģⶼʮȥˣʦֵƵôˣ
ʱ£ҲһǵĵĻ㡣溣˵ʯͷȻ˵ΪɽµǶʱ䣬Ƿһһ콡˺ϵ˭
ʯͷʱɫʮֵĲ԰ףҲ֪ԭʧһһġ
ʱԼģĻ䣬ˣͽиչˣȻһ˾
溣˵иʣʯͷΪʲôûиʦȥϣֻصǸصĲ棬Ҳѽ
溣ƺǵʣ˵֮ǰһеǸСԪû뵽ûȥˣǴӢۻص˲棬ֵǣǺСԪ˼һҲҲˡ
ʱ󴸾ԼѾԽԽؿSҼѰҺСԪȥϣֻ֮ǰӢи˵ǵһ׳Ǹ׳⣬ûжŮӢ۵һҲǲˣ׳Լա
溣˵⣬һףֵܣΪʲôһһԭˡ
󴸵ϣЩҲ֪˵ôˡ溣˵ͱ졣
˵꣬ʦֵ϶ֻȥһǸĹկҼ磬ҪȻҲ֪溣֮


 


162 ຣ
ʦڰʯͷ쵼ֻ֮ȥϣʦȥˣʦ淢ֵƤôһ£
溣˵֮ĳһȻ˵ߵʱ߹ңڵԼûҩܹƣֻһֵĵطܹѹá
ҵʦֵİΣϽ溣ʵĵط
溣ҡҡͷ˵ʲôطҲֻ֪֪ϸɺԡ
溣˵̧ͷһ۾˵ȻûпǸ˭Ǵ˵ߺĲм񡣡
֮û˵溣ղŵ˼Ѿȷʦ֣ҪŮʯʮа˾žǾĲټ׺ͲҲʵ̫죬˸ûа취ɡ
뵽һ۾Ů˵ĸ׺Ͳʮֵأ϶಻ɸ˵ܣͣѰҵ²ȫں棬Ů˵ʲôأ
ܣ˵˭Ҳûа취ȥǿʱ溣̫ͣ黹ûд𰸣һﶼüͷ֪Щʲô
ʦʮ϶һֱϣҲ֪˵ôˣʮûг֣뵽һҾеģʦ᲻ȥʦأ
һʯͷֻɫ԰ףĶŵ棬֪Щʲôһ˫۾ǲͣ˸ԽŮԽ⣬˵ԺҪŮԶԶأһ뵽ڶʬĶҪŮһȥຣ뵽ҾͲɵЩͷۡ
˺СԪ֮⣬϶бֻôЩһֱûŪ⵽ô¡溣Һʯͷ˵
ĺСԪȻǸŵ쵼Ȩ󣬸ûа취֯һӣҵ꿼С˶ǹҵľӢǸðѧңЩǺСԪܹ쵽ģı϶űܡ
溣Ļҵ˵ͷ鲢֪ô򵥣϶һ޴ܣ⿪ܵĹؼǸСԪ
ʦֵصǲŵʱСԪѾĪʧˣһеҲԶû֪
ǵͷ˼ʷ֮䲢ûʲôϵԵЩģǸСʱſӵĻڳ˯溣˵껰֮һֱӣŪӻЩ˵̲סˣ溣ʵǿҸ
Ļ֮溣Եһ£ƺոջع˵ҿĲ㣬㻳ǸСѾͷ
溣ĻҲЩֵ̧ͷ˵溣Ͽʲô
СŮǻˡ溣ӻ棬˵
ǱʱͨģǸŴˣ˲֪ˣϸĲһˣǰһÿɰС˭Ҳһˣ
һ溣ֻֻ۾Ķ棬֪϶ϵ쳣СĽľ˵
˵꣬溣̾һ˵潫ȻҵȣΪЩڿѨЩ޹˶ˣȷʵԡ
ͨʱͨ뵽ǸСɽʱ򣬿ЩһĴ񣬿ʱӦǸոжãĸױ˲˹ģ϶ҲǱЩ¡
ʱһڴϲ֪裬Щĵ溣ʵҪòܹѹ
溣˵ҪǸСĻڣ˵ʱѾˣȻδɢҲûҺҵҪǱ˵ĻľȲ
溣˵һּҴҩֻҪ˵Ļû뿪ڣҩܾȻ̫أҪҪµʱ䡣
ұΪˣܹѾ㹻οˣһ֮ѣܱԶѲҪǿĶࡣ
溣ܸǵѾȫ˵ˣʬĶĿǰҪҪϵĶˣǹץһĺ£ҪǶأĻԼϵƤⶼץõġ
һ溣ס죬ҷ溣ÿ춼һɫСƿεɫҺ壬Ӧþ洫ҩ
溣˵󽫾ȴطѾƳƿҩ󽫾սǿЩҩģֻʣһƿҵĴұ
溣˵ʱ̾һ˵ֻôһƿҩˣȻҪõһɶ
֪ҩҲ溣еĲᣬϽл䣬ȻǸһҷѾѪɫ˵ڶʱȻ˻ĺȻǺ΢ļҲѾ㹻ˡ
ʬĶһﶼ˼Σζȸһ⻹Ҫܣȥ˭ҲסǼһͼĲУҪȥຣѰǡ
˵죬ǲܲˣΪֻʮʱ䣬ȻеͼຣԱߴúܣҪҵǴ˵еǻ֪ҪѶ
Щͷ۵ǸСѾͷȥຣܴܲһȥҾ溣տຣ֮һʼСѾͷͬ⣬˵˵ŴӦˡ
ֵǣʬĶ첻ʱػһ£СѾͷȴǰ㷴ӦҲûУϸļһӣϲûжߣҶСŮе˺档
ЩϵĹӤĽ͸ˣֻûƤĹûҲǱӴܣ˵ʱðһ⣬ǵ⵽ʲô
ڼڸϵຣЩҲо溣֮Ǿ˳ȥ
һǼһȻвٵջ񣬿ȴôҲ˲һ·ϴͷɥҵı̾ģǰүǮõģӲҪǮҪѽ
һ鶼ʮֳأһ·Ҳû˵ʲô֮߳˴ɽ˸˾ͰѴĶˣһרŸһУһ绰Ķ֡
Ǿ˵ຣĻ𳵣˵ŸϵຣȻϾɫ˭ȥϵÿ춼ҪϼΣֱҪץˣʯͷɫҲЩ
ģطҪôѽͻС㣬ֲǳˣҩҵȥŵͼҷͣͼʵ̫ªˣ˵ǣƵרҲ㲻
ҵصʣȻ˼ǣصİտ϶֪һ˿ģҪһ򵼡ŵͼüͷ˵
ǵຣסڶʷȥ򵼣ʷҪеĶࡣ
ûãʷȻһˣǸǸʮͷĺӣȥݣԵʮֵľɣӦǵصɡ
˵طʷ˴Ǹǰ˵
Ǽ򵥵˼䣬˹Ȼǵص񣬴Сຣϳֽ˵ǰСʱ˵ຣһһ֮ͱ˴ɽҲຣƤɽ
óŵͼ˰ҲûȻֻ˵ƤɽɽֵģǶ˵йһ˸Ͳҽȥ˵иһ֥ʱ򰳽ȥһΣ·ˣҹųҲûнȥһȥ
˵꣬治ɵĸˣʷ򵼵ıȻȻ֪˵еʲôطôҲȥƤɽܱǽȥûͷĲӬһҴҪõĶģһ򵼿ʡȥܴ
ֻԹ·滹Щ£ƺôԸǽȥҸϽ˵ֻҪԸǽȥǮ⡣
ô˵ϵһ£һۣС˵޴ˣҪǷӣҲȱǮǿһǮôһǲУֵһǽȥ
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ƺû뵽ô󷽣ǮڵƤЩ죬صĵ˵ͷ˵УҾͺҵһ
ҵˣһ׼һЩװ׼ŵڶһҪɽ


163 Ƥɽ
ڶһ磬ҵǣԱ߸һģмĺӣ˿ȥҪἸֵ꣬ܣ־
˻ƥǴװһ򵥵ʰһ£ຣߵĴɽȥ
ֵһֻŵĹɽǰʱǾͰѹɱˣѪεϣȻָͷմϣÿ˵Ķͷ϶ͿĨһС㡣
˵Žоɽ񣬶ͷϴŹѪܹõɽıӣʱǸݽɽ֮ǰʽȻʽһĿĶһģΪɽıӡ
ֵǣǰ棬ĨһԼĶͷСֹţиá
ȻҲЩãף˼ȻǵصĹأһﻹҪصġ
һʼǰֻǼСɽЩС·ǵߵ磬ǰɽøߴʱƥѾûа취ˣǰѶȡȻɿƥǵƨɣ治֪˵һʲôƥ˻һתͷȥ
Щ֣ʵҵ𣿡
ѿһЦ˵ܣϻ治ôһʶ;ƥˣ߶Զ֪Լؼҵġ
һ̯ͼΧſһ£յͼıǸ˵еӦھຣԼһص˳Ӧòд
һ涼Щûףຣߴȥˣ˭֪ʲôʱҵͼϵǼһʱͨһ˵ϣǰĴɽĿͷ߶ţɽүүӣҵҸɱТ
ȻûһǴһ涼ûеףܲҵȫҪˡ
ɽǰϲԶһɽȣҾ·ģҪСһ㣬ʱͲ֪Լô߳ģ˶˵ǵطſͣȥĵѡ
һʰϵĶʼɽɽ㶸ȴʮֵĸߴ󣬹һ춼˵ȥ
ɽľߴ󣬶Ҷ֣˿֦ҶһŲȥݵŲӣʮֵĳЩߴľ涼̦޺һ֪ߵ棬ɽгԶʱĴĵЩ
ҰޣСһ㡣ûжãʯͷӣŵ϶˵
ǰһֻʯͷµĵɢһѹͷЩͷڻմŲѪ⣬ӲƤëԿӦһĶ
⶯ﲢСôܽԵĶӦø⿴ɽӦϻһ޴ڣһﲻɵмֽţߵĸӵС
ûжԶʱѾҪȻҵⶾɽ棬ҹ·ǴɣҸһ·һҲҪϢ
˿΢ƽĵط˵ʲôһֵҹʣµ˶׼Ϣڵϣոе˯⣬ͻȻо͵شһʹָоȫһ۵Ҷ̲סˡ
Աߵʯͷҵļʹһӣ۵Ļ亹оԼҪˡ
ʬĶԵıǰҪǿңһʼܵʹֻһţҪһֲֶܹȥܵǣƲ֪ʲôʱʼ˺׼ʹֱҪˣÿζеĸɱһȻûÿ˶ܡ
ҲһѶͷϵ亹ЩĶʯͷ˵ûˣлл
ʯͷҵ˵ͷ˵סǺܿҵҩģҡ
ʯͷͻȻ˺ܶ࣬һȻʲôǵãһҾ;رаȫУЦǵĻ治ɵֱͻͻ˵ģҲгΪһеǱʰɣ
ʹҡҡͷЩ߰Ķ˳ȥϽ׼˯컹Ҫ·ҹֵˣһӺʷǼһ˯ĺס
ȻǼһĺķңʵ̫ˣһҾ˯˹ȥ
һҲ֪˯˶ãͻȻһиˣӷģЩţʲôҸϽһڵ
ǰһֻӺʷһһɽĿЩŵվһԣ۾ĶǰںĴ֡
ʲôʱһﶼˣʵ
жղŲҧҡʱͷ亹ղŸŵòᡣ
˵жһﶼó˸Եʯͷߵǰʵʲô
ģû壬̫ˣһӾȥˣֻһźӰܴ󣡡ʯͷ˵
һûʲô⣬ҧûп[Ǹʲôٶĺܿ졣
ҽͷתʷʷ˵Ҳû壬ֻһźںĶϺᷢ⣬ǻɫĹ⣬ƽһ
ĻһӸеˣʵ벻ʲôҰ޵ϻᷢƽһĽ⡣
СģʱһֱվԱߵʯͷͻȻһһûôأ;ԼļһһѸ˺棬ҿԼǰһźںĶŶСţһֵǣʱĿϷƽɫĹâ
źӰٶȿľˣȻСǾһɫһתۼ˺ںĴ֣Ӱ
ұŵóһͷ亹ղҪʯͷҸһѣھͻᱻߣ⵽Ǹʲô
ǸϻҲûʱʯͷ˵
˵ղŵϻ治ɵЩ֣ⶫ͸ϻǲ࣬ǳһĺëѲһֻڻϻĶô죿ղҸǰʱҵпƽһ˸Ĺâʲô
ڿǡʯͷǶʧĵطһۣ˵
Ķ̫ˣټڰͻȻϮʵԷһֻñΧһʱ˵˹ˣɽûϻѽǸʲô
ո˵꣬ʯͷӷҪˡ
ǸϽӷȥֻǵطڵĴɫĹӦþǸֻ۾
ΧһǶӦҲ֪ܼͻϮ˳


164 è
ĿݲݣǸһ˫ɫ۾ĶľһֻСţһǲµϷǺ죬߽Ҳⶫȫò
ⶫͬʯͷ˵һ㣬ϻί񣬵һëȴǻҰɫģǸе𾪵ⶫȻԴ
˵Դʵ׼ȷΪֻļһ𣬸ղǿֻ۾ʵϵҲ۴һ飡
ʲôһֻԴӾ͸һʵ
˳ͣǲԶĵطֻǰ۾ĶǣѪ
ϸϸĹ۲һֻϻΪ񣬵ǿ·ȴèһ㣬ⶫֻԴĲ滹һִȦȦڻѵӳͣķŽĹâȻһƽȦ
ⶫղҵǰҿĽӦþȦֻ治ɵĸӵĸе֣ⶫһֱԼԼŪƽȦȥѲֻèĲɣ
ʱһﶼⶫȦֻ۾ĶⶫĲӣƿˮС˵ģⶫĶǽģ
ֻɫĴèȦСֱһϸôĻƽҲѹǼһ￴ĶֻǸһ𾪵ⶫȻģ
ûϸۣǶǰ쳤ӣֻʹſһ

ⶫ޴󣬳øϻ࣬ǱΪĽҲХ࣬û뵽ȻᷢһèУһŪôҶһ㶣뵽⻹ľһֻèôͷèһϻҪ󣬶ҿⶫƣһ˵ĸоôǻ
ڴһﱻĽŪһ㶵ʱⶫͻȻͶˣֻǰһȻǶӾͻһɫӰӣǾ˹
Ҷ֪Ǿ̲סǹˣǶٶ̫죬һգ۾ѾǸǰӵ͸ٶȡ
һֻèǳȥģⶫֻԴ͸ɵˣڴ죬Ȼȫ˶öٶ̫죬ۿҪ˵ڵأʱʯͷһ˫֣һǶȥ
Σʱ̣ʯͷþȫֻһһʯ֮׼ȥĿǶϣȻͷè;޴󣬿ɻǱʯͷһԱ߹ȥ
ŵøϽÿӣ֮˫èڵϹĹ˼£вĽԵüΪʹࡣ
ʯͷĺڵж֪ģһʵʵĿǶϣҷ֣ԵмǱ֮⣬ϾȻѪڶûг֡
ʱץסᣬ˫èոͿ۶еİӵĴֻèϡ
Ǹе˼һĻˣֻӵǹèϣûд棬ĦԵĻǣ˵ϡ
ֻ˫èֱУһʧ
ʱһﶼɵˣղŵδҶⶫǱʯͷݺݵÿһֱ˼ǹëûе⵽Ǹʲô
ӵҲµô죿ͷϳһͷ亹תͷʵ
ʱǶȻʧˣǶ֪ûԶ϶ǿٶǣʱһ˭ҲҴ⣬Ľһ
˭֪ʱֵȴͨһ˵ϣ˫èʧĵطͣĿͷ˵ķԣӦʲôȻֵѾ˫Ĺè˵ӡ
صķңЩջ˵ͷܸƨãģڣǶԲǵģүҲƤ
ӻһĿ־壬Ͻ˵ֵɱ˵ǽɽðɽүǴèɽүɽģҪھȥɣ
Ҳǽⶾ·һ˵ɽûɽүҲҪȥһģǼһûһĭݺݵ˵иƨɽүʴүҲ£ֵû뵽ӾȻôţȵĳͣһʱҲ֪˵ʲô
ûǣüͷһᣬȻ̧ͷʯͷ˵ҾǶǻ
ʯͷʷڼҶǿ۵ˣҿĶҲܿҵĻ֮˵˵ͷʷ˵ҲЩԾⶫһҾ;ǸĶ
ҵ˵㣬ֻҪѪ֮ûвӵģǸҲܽΪʲôܹǹ롣
Ȼ֪˫èʲôͷͺðˣڻͳһɷÿ˷˼ţŵֻ֪ͷעֵҲ˼š
ɷרԸֻҪֻֽèĶͷϾҷ𣬲ٶ̫죬ֱȥ磬ҪֽĶͷϣⲢǸ򵥵ػ
ŷֽһҲиŵǰֻ֣˫èʲôطһаСʱȷʵһ㶯ҲûУǱǸ˵һҲˡ
ʱһﶼЩͷˣֹţģⶫᱻ˰ɡ
˭֪Ļո˵꣬һӰԾ˳ֻɫ˫ͷè
Ҳ֪Ǳʯͷ˼ǺĻʲôԭèʯͷֱ˹ȥܻ֣ʯͷЩ͵ģûǶ˵ǰѾĺڵһͿ˹ȥ
˫èʯͷĲҽһԱ߾˹ȥóӵķ
Ǽһû뵽ûüֱӱ˫è˸ţзһҽУȻ͸Ƕһ
һȥ͸˫èŤһŪõϿҶɣǸͿ״Ҫȥæ֪ô
Ҳүģʱֻϵӷһ󺰣ȻðȥֻǼһֻ˫èϣвͣĴУֻİסǶԴһǵͨ졣
ŪȻ˫ְס˫èԴǸղһ˴ķֽͲ֪ʲôطȥˡ
ҸϽ˹ȥľϣֻ涼һɷǶͷŷֽܵǰ߶ʮһһѾͽŷֽİ˫èԴ档
ҲҿǼһ֣Ҫǻ˱˹ƻ水סֻǹè֫ͣڵţҪӵĿƣҵķֽһȥ˫èӾ͵һҲû˶ӷ۵һ©Ƥһ㣬һźɫĻҳϵһӾ͵ˤ˸ʺ


165 ͷ
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ұһĿɿڴЩĵһıʵû°ɣ
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ҪһֻèһһֻŵĶͨʩ֮ڵһֽ֮ĶطֻèԼ϶ᣬôʲô˰ɵأ
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һǸ͵ҪǮҪһҪȦ۾ɵôģ䱸ʵҪ
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ҿʱҲߵҵߣϵĻƽȦ˵Ů˵ı飬ƺ˵ʲôҸϽȦ棬ֻüͷͣĴʮ֡
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һ˸ûȤûͲٷϻǻƽȦ·˲䣬СĵԼı档
һɽôŹֵĶһﲻɵĶЩģ˵ȥ֪Ҫʲôأһ˿Ҳɡ
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˵Ҳɵĸо֣˵ɽѲʲôԻ˵Ķ潫µͨһһܹ۵ռĹ
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166 
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ⳡϽһԼϣǰ˼˲סǸЩһıϣ治ͣĴһĲҺֻЩѾͷ䵽˵ϡ
Щವĵ˻ȥ۾ǰȥһſŴִľ֮Ҳûбķ֣ǵĵʲô
þ㵽ҵĺ棬ֹЩͻȻϮʱӱ۵һĺǰһô˹ȥҪȥЪЪ
˭֪ʱʯͷȴͻȻ۾ӷһ󺰣Ȼһֱۣеĺڵ˹ȥ
ǼһɵˣܶˣҺʯͷһģǳҪǿô
۵һ
ʯͷĺڵһӾͲ嵽ǿô֮ϣ˶ʯͷΪʲôҪô
ֻʯͷĺڵ嵽֮ǲŷƺЩŤһҵĽ洫˳
ǿôϵĲҽŵֱǽĶǿŴֻͣŤš
ⳡһ涼ɵ֣˵ѲǻĲɡ
ǹһȫˣŤ֮ϴʱһǶϸϵɫһģһһʱ䶼ûп
ֻǸһߴֱֻ۳ĳ棬ͬһ㣬ǿô֮ϡ
ʯͷһУĳֱҲϻʮ׳
ǶһᣬȻԴҲһˣСĵߵǰֻⶫֱ֮⣬ĵطļһ
ϵƤƤһģһղŶϣǶûз
⵽Ǹʲôѧҳ𣿡ǸʯͷһĹʵ
һ˭Ҳʶⶫûܹشʯͷ֣ĺڵǹҲ͵˵ϣǿĸӵɫ̦޺ȥЩ˶ġ
ȥ̵ģһŽǶʬ߷ɣʵô߲ߣ
仰Ƿϻʬľ綾˵мֹֻǵɽ𺣴һҲҪһ
ʯͷ˵ͷڵ˵ⶫֱ۱ȽϹһ㣬ҲûʲôµģСһ㡣
˵ǰ棬ǽĸ
һ߽棬ʱŷ֣ϵɫƺϵɫЩһΪÿһ涼˺̦޺ȻҲУҪٵö࣬ĴڲͬӸЩϵɫЩŻ㵽İɡ
Ѿ֪ʲôģһҲղţӲͣĶƿڴҪЩһ
Щֻѧ˵Ӧ˻ƾڰ˱ǲ¶ͷ
ǼһҲˣԼͣʱǰʯͷһ󺰣Сģ
ֻವǵͷЩһֱ۳Ǿͳ˹
һþ㵽ҵأ˭֪Ů˱ҪĶ࣬Դ˵ϡ
ҲȥˣľЩֱۿ˹ȥһʮŪһæңһСľͱ鵽ؿϣоǰ˺ݺݵһӣؿۡ
֪ǾҪ߳ƬˣЩһǲͣĽҽ˺ü£ҲֱУҪʷʯͷͱЩˡ
ʱЩֱۻڲͣǳֻǵֱ۲ͣıǿϣѾһ㣬ֱ۶Ͽ֮ͻɫҺ壬ʱܵͷǡ
ʯͷһۣ˵ȶסһᣡ
ո£ʯͷת˳ȥһͲӰһߣǼ˾͸ˣЩֱ۸žž죬ⶫȥ͸Ƥ޳ȥһζĳ棬۵ǿ಻ԡ
Լ˰ɣӱЩֱ۳ľƤһͣڵȥʵҡҡͷʯͷʲô˽ģܶ¶ԼȥģȥӦʲô顣
ǺҵĻЩͣĿϣʱҵֱѾ۵÷оҪˣʯͷʷҲҺòȥٶԵֱݺݵĳ˼¡
ʱĶˣ˵ʯͷȥˣô
ʱҵһŲһͷȥֻʯͷɿ˹ֻʱĺڵ嵽˼棬ֱʮ֦
Щ֦ͬСֱһϸʯͷ˰һСһСصģһͷļġ
ֻһֻ֦ǰ汼ܼһֱ۾ͽ֦ͷ˦˳ȥ
ľͷϲȥ洫һҽУһɫӾ
ʯͷܣľͷͣ涪ȥҽУֻﱻЩͣĳǵĹҲʯͷȥ


170 ʬ
ʯͷٶȷǳĿ죬ЩֱȻĸ󣬿Ǹӣʯͷȥ֦һֻֻϸ
۵ļѣҲܵ϶ЩϵֱۻҺ壬һƨɾ
֮¾ǸŮȻҲǱɫҺ壬ǱҪ࣬ʱͳǹֻͣǵԸʯͷûȣ˰Ҳһֻ
ȻҺҾЩģҺⶫûʲôŵζһﱻһ⣬ЩֵʵζΣ
һﱻʵһ㶣һŤû˵ʺһѳԣͳ
һﱻȫǺӡķ̲סЦʵԹʺ
ӱҸʵһ㶣ſЦ˵ҵĵʿСүѽͷ۾ͱˣûʲô顣
ʵҲϲ죬ղűЩĻʹֻ̣Ҹ˵˵ɢһע
ӡʷֵҲ۵ֱǰȥֻЩֱʯͷֻʱ׷ʯͷֱܵѾʣ¼ֻ
еʯͷһͷһֻﱻЩԭ׷ʯͷֱͻȻðϴһУЩֱ۷ɿ˹ȥҲûа
ֵһᣬûжЩܱܿʯͷˣڶˡ
ʯͷ˹ʱóһƿҩˮ˵ԼɵɽϵҩģĨϾ͸оˡ
Щҩûô飬ղűЩĲˣ۵ֱֻɻҽнӹҩƿĨԼϡ
ҵЩˣӱһ磬׵ͬͷһ㡣
ҽҩˮĨϣʱһԭ۵ҲоʹҩˮӦúҩĳɷ֣ܹƤʱоʹ
ҩãҾ˵
ҿҩã˵ĵ˵ͷһЦ
׼ҩˮͿĨһԼֱۣ˭֪ǼһѾ˹һнƿҩˮ˹ȥҵĨš
ҩˮ࣬Ĩҩƿˡ
ˣЩĳһЦ˻ҩƿҵ˹˵˼ʿСүˣﻹһҪҪ
ЩЦõżһ˰ȥãʱʯͷѾߵǸǰҿĶͷ϶Ѿð˺飬ղһ׷϶۵ĲᣬҸϽڱͳһƿˮ˵ϽȵˮϢ¡
ʯͷ˵ͷšƿǾһ͹࣬ȻЩҲûг֣Ƕˣ˭ҲطϽǰ·
Һǰ˲ԶѾ߳Ƭߴ֣ǰȻһƬѵõĲݵأʱոʱ֣ݵ濪˸ɫС䣬к治ͣķɣ˲ղȼֱ֮
ƬݵأһҲ̲סˣһһĶ˵ϣƾůůյԼϣϢһͷ
ڲݵǰȥֻݵǰԶͬͷһĶɽ壬ɽ֮ºȻһ޴ĺڶһ޴һ㡣
ֵ˵˵ӦþϹŵͣ
Ǽ򵥵ʰһ£ǰȥȵɽ£˶ǰǸ޴ɽ𾪵Ŀɿڴ
ֻǸɽֱʮɣֱֱɽ֮жȥ治ͣð˿˿Ϣ
ⶴڣвɵЩ֣һ·ոյֹ֮⣬û⵽ô£Ѳү֪жһҵҩ
ʱǰʯͷѾŶ˹ȥѾҪˣǲʱͽʯͷֻǽȥ鿴һ¡
ɽֻܹںһţɽȥûжԶȴһ޴ʯͷǿʯͷ˸ߣڶм䡣
ʯͷ˹ȥֻߵǿʯǰʱȴͻȻӡ
һʱ棬׼Ӫֻһڿʯͷֻ׵Ϻóʱ䶼ûЩ֣Ϊʲô£ʲôҪæ𣿡
ҵʯͷվӣû˵֣ҿϵı飬֣һǸϽ˹ȥ
ߵǰʱʯͷָŵ϶˵㿴
˳ָȥֻʱĵϣһʬǿǿʯͷǾʬҲ֪жͷˣϵƤѾˣ¶ɭɭİ׹ǣҸһ˵ط˼ôʬǣ
ҳԾʯͷ˵Ļ
ֻ˵˾
ǾʬѾõûһ˿Ƥ⣬ֻʣ˲Ұ׵ĹͷͿòʯͷΪʲô˵˾
֪ʯͷ˵ˣ˵һԼĵŵϵǾʬǲɵĻЩ
ôܣҳԾʯͷʵ
ʯͷû˵ǶӣֽǾʬֱ۾ʱſǾʬֻʣ°׹ǵֱ֮ϴһ˿ñɵģмһŶݣǿݵĶԵȱһ顣
Ҿ˼֣Ϊʮֵ죬ϴһģһ
·ϵʱӿϵʹ˵͸Ķຣ߼񵽵ıǴɵģǿʱ򵽵һƥǵɵģһСģһ飬˺ü죬ʱʱҾԱߣҲ
ҶӣʬϵĸϵһģһЩǹؼпܻһģȱλøϵҲһģһ
ϲɺϵ飡뵽ҵһһĭʯͷ˹ȥϵʬģһ·ǽɽʲôˣʱоԼĺëҪ


171 Ѫ
ûпκε쳣ǻһˣǰʬҪν͡
ιأǼһ￴ǶʯͷԱϰ죬ʱЩ˹
һҸϽ˸ƣͷˮ˹˵ʲôŹ֣
ϵʬǵʱ򣬳һ˵Ҳ٣ôˣ
һɤ̫ϽһѾͽסˣŶ׵ϡ
ʲôѽʿСүЩš
û˵ָָʬϵһʼӻΪҪʲôǵ֮ˢһӾͰˣͨһƨɾ˵ϣɴ۾Ŷʵ⵽ôһ£
˸ƣȻתͷʯͷʵô죿
ʯͷƬ̣Ȼ˵װʲô鶼ûĿڷ硣
ǰһǲţ׹ǲΪʲôһģһĶѴҲһģһǲܵġ
ʬĻô˭ļôѵûз⼸Ҳǲܵ顣
뵽ҾԴЩˣͻȻͷһĹͭ˵ѵطҲͭһĴڣһĹͭƳֻжʱѣ⵽ô£Ͼʲôܣ
ʯͷʬȡŵ˿ڴ棬Сĵ˻ȥֻźЦʱҸо˵ıŤ
ҽǵķ͵͵ĸ˾ʷĵܵһ֪Ҫζ˵һʱܲˡ
ɫոհǾ޴ĶѨȷʵͻȻһ¡¡ʮֵľ޴ɫЩףĿɿڴŶڣԾ˵ҵĹԹԣ治ɣ
ǲ֪׷ʲô飬ŵŶڣֻǺ¡¡ԽԽȻðһֻֻɫС㣬ЩСڶгſзȥ
ſ壬ĶȻһֻֻɫЩ֪жֻӲȫڶ˳ղ¡¡ͬ޺һЩɶڶĻ
𣬴һﶼһЩʵ̫ˣǲɵЩ
ЩȫɳڣʱҲĺΧڻԣһûһĸѽ㵱ŵطʱ򶼼ʲôѽ
һ£ƺΪʲôҪԼ⣬ʵĻشɽ·ˣǰҹϴĸԹˣʱҸŻˣΪԼⱲҲźˣۣ˴Ժľ˳ȥ
һֱϸĹ۲˵ʱϵɫȻͿһ˿ѵĺۼֻһ˵˴֮ԺԼ˳ȥҸоЩףΪɽжǿɶ֪ģôһ߾ܷɽأ
ʱҽĶŵǸʬϸĶԱһ£һģһ汴ǵɫֺ⵽ôһ£
䣬ʼ˵·죬ȻĪ˳ȥȻЩţҲ
ʱӲ֪ʲôˣһﶼĬоЩ֣ͣĴӣŪһΪʲôԼ˵ġ
Ҳ٣͵͵ĴӵʱǼһȴͻȻһֱڵ
Щֵżһʵָ
ƨɣƨɣӴĽţһԼƨɺһںĶǶĺëӵвͣŤţȻһֻ
ֻȥֻӵвͣͣ¶ݣʱմѪӦþǸղӵƨҧġ
Ѫ𣡡ʯͷеһڵվŵ˵
Ѫ˵Ǵûмû뵽ȻˣֻӵвͣǼһǱҧˣһѾͽ˵ϣ̧Ÿȵϡãջ˵ҧү
ϣʱһԵҲסԼļгļȥֻļͷҲſһֻɫ
һ´һˣղڶɳжٴһﶼǿҪЩǹôǱ֤֮أ
ʱѾоΧҹ֮ڲͣķȥ˵ؿҪù
ʯͷʱȴǳǴһѻѷֿΧԲȦ˶վȥ
ĻһһĶﶼ»ֶ£ǸϽĲΧһȦ˶㵽˻Ȧ档
ʱЩҲҷɽȦǲɵһӲͣסƨɽʹ˵ѿ
ֵʵ
Ѫ涼жģ㲻˿ڱȾɡ
ҵĻһû˵һӾͰѿӸ¶׻ƨɣĵתȥ
ҳҩˮӵƨɻļ˶ܶпȮ򵥵ûãֹֻܷȾӺֻүӣҧǵûдָĲ
ûˣô죿Ƕ㵽ȦȻʮֵİȫǿĸɲޣȦάֶ೤ʱ䣬ۼһİȥҲԽԽ࣬һ涼ɵЩ
ȥ񡣡ʯͷվӣĺڵ˳˵
һҪȥһץסֱۣĵ˵̫࣡
ʯͷѵõЦЦ˵ˣЩ𲻸ҺҵѪ
ʯͷһѪҺֻ˭Ҳұ֤ϵѪЩá
ֻʯͷһԾ˻Ȧûмȥ񣬶Ǿվԭع۲һ£ֻЩĴҷɵһɵǰʲôµĶһ㣬һתһ߶ȥ
ԼѪЩãʯͷŷĵǰȥ
ⳡвɵһԼɽͷ֮еѪ֮ҲЩһг˺棬ҪһԣҲѧʯͷ˳ȥ


172 ˮ
ȥ֮󣬶ȫɶʱȶҶЩ£Ǿĵһᣬûһֻ䵽ϣҷĲ٣ЩҲǲҿҡ
Һʯͷ˿㹻Ĳ𣬵ȵ°ҹЩҷɵı٣ȫʧӦǻص˶档
һҹڣһŵĶû˯ãȵ֮ʰװ׼ǸѨ
СĵŶȥʯͷǰ棬⽫һʬǵԱߡ
ôˣǾʬһ˵
ϸĹ۲ϵ֮ɫԲװģĸеԾҲһЩĳۡ
ʶ𣿡ɫЩף΢΢ʵ
ӵĻһ£ֵһۣͷˮ˵үʲôЦõֻʣ¹ͷˣϵá
ҿ죬ƺ˵ʲôϽʹ˸ɫ̫죬Ҳȷȫ˵֮ᷢʲô飬ӱ졣
ҵɫӺٺٵЦһ˵ûʲôûʲôֻʡ
ֵĿһӣȻͷǾʬǣЩֵ˵ϵ·Щ졣
Ļһ涼ɵĿһӣ˵֮Ҳûʲôı֡
Ĺ濴ĺֻһƲд꣬һ۾ܹҲЩͭƳһΪͭ渴Ƴò˶þͻ־ɢ˲˹ĹѾȥѾʮʮˡ
ѲĲ氵뵽
Ͽκε쳣ֻüǰⶴںܴʮֵĸֱֱǰҸоз紵Ǿ֤ɽһͷгڣɽһɽͬһһ㡣
СĵǰţԽ棬Խö˱ǣѬǶ³ˣ֪Щ㷢ĳҺһξ׼˷ߣǸϽȡϣŸо˺ܶࡣ
ԽԽڣⶴҲ͸ԵǰûжԶǵĶͻȻһ֨֨ҵĽ
ǰʯͷָָ̧ǰ涴֮ϣ˳ָȥɵĵһֻǶ֮Щ֪жֻӵһ𣬽ڸҵģѹѹһƬ˿ͷƤһ顣
ǰʯͷ˸ƣôһСһ㣬ҪΪЩѪǸŪѣҺʯͷ֮⣬ʣµ˿¶ֲô
ʱʯͷȴûмǰͣӣЩ֣˵ôˣѲʲô
ߵǰһʱҲɵˣֻǰĵ֮϶ѻź㣬ЩˣҲ֪ⶴ深˶ˣڵϵа׺濴˲ССж
һ´һﳹ׵ɵˣЩķǰĵ·ҪǰͱҪ˹ȥҲ̫ˡ
ط̫ǲժߣֱֻȻŽ˼䣬ȻЩ˶ģǴһ϶˶ҪǰԵһﶼ˵ͷ׼˹˶ĵķѡ
ʯͷһ֦СĵЩķ˹ȥЩѻһģʯͷһŲȥǷ㶼ѾûСȡ
ȻĵĶҪˣڸûбİ취ֻҧ߽ȥ
ЩķһΪѣһŲȥݵʮֵѣ˰죬һﶼ۵Ǹû߳ȥԶ
˶ĵǣһߣɽϵڲͣһһܵȫǡ
ҶĵĶҪˣͷһľȻߣҿϵı飬һŮӣӦñҸöġ
ʱԽߣͷϵԽ࣬ҲԽȻѾûǵ䡣
طʯ֮ϲͣˮε䣬ЩҲϡ˺ܶ࣬ڻһ
ͨ
ʱҵȴͻȻһˮתͷһֻǼһﲻ֪ôѾˤɵĻ棬ڲͣĻֻ˴
˵һ϶ǱʲôˣϽ߹ȥץסֱۣҪķһץӣҾ;ЩԾΪҸоһɾ޴ӵȥһˣ
ҼĴһûз֪ԼŷߣҸϽֽժǿŵĳҸѬò㱳ȥ
Ҳܲôˣ˵ĺжסˣ
¾ͷϵЩԲֻ̫С
֮ҸϽ߸´ϣĳζܰ˸Ѭιȥ
ʱסӵִ˼ֻ֣ץסسĳ棬Һһһȥ
ʱʯͷʷѾ˹ʷæץסӵֱۣϹʯͷָָӵ£ж
ʯͷҵ֮˵ͷӵĽŸ˹ȥǵطˮϲͣľУ֤һʲôڡ
ʯͷڵ⳯£һˮ¾ʹ˹ȥ
һȥͼˮ֮͵һʲôȻˮ·һӵһᣬѾǼһ
ʯͷŵˮ棬ֻȥĵط治ͣðѪˮȻʲôˡ
ҺʷϽһ߶ȥʯͷҲ˹ֻԭվĵطˮ潥ƽȥǹûãˮпʼðһУʲô治ͣĽһ
ǼһҵļȻժԼ֣Ǻߣߣ
һͷ㣬ȥҲ̶ãһɤ֮ܲĳָϽߴ˻ȥ
ҲɵЩ֣ˮһߵĻΪʲôһһҲûУҪ֪ҧӾģֻˣȴûбҧ澿Ǹʲô
ǽĶˮʱʯͷתǳ˹֣ʾǿܡ
ﻹҳɣǰͳ˹ȥʱˮ洫ˮתͷһֻһںĶˮֱӣ
Ƕֱжʮףֱңȫºںģģ߲࣬ͷȴû۾ҲûбӣֻһűͣԴԲԲģģûһƬȥһֻŵһ㡣
Ȼ֪⵽ʲôⶫܹ굽ˮ淢˵̫Σգһﻹǰȥ
ֻȥȻ굽ˮ棬ˮϲͣķ˻ǳ˹
ߵһǳһŵģٶȺǶˮٶȿĳ棬һѾ
ԽԽһϽժߣԵʯͷĺұۻƷۣ
ۻƷ߳ϵĿǣʮֵĺãγҴ˺üȻ߲̫񣬲Ҫˣɻҽɣ
Һ֮ͱʯͷֻʯͷٵߵҵı󣬽ұıȡһۻƷۣźˮ˹ȥ
ۻƷƯˮ֮ϣֻǶˮһ͵ǶŵĽ䱸ţǹԥĳˮ濪ǹ
ǹˮ֮Ϸ˼ѪԲûӰǶٶȣֱ嵽ۻƷǰ
ֻԭͣ˻ˮһӱƽǶԴˮǲûǷǵͷź˹ȥ


173 
Ƕͷߣ˶һط̫Σգˮ滹֪ʲôǲҶϽǰ˹ȥ
аСʱͷҲһֻӰӣǲ߳γɵ
ʱһķ㣬ĵ£Ҳûбİ취ֻǿš
ժ˷ߣһڿطѾŲЩһ˿ĿǾ١
ǰȥֻɽǱֱǰʯͷȴվɽ֮ǰͣ˵֡
ĻһϽ˹ȥֻǰɽ֮ϹȻʯͷһֵ֣Щֲ֪˶ˣʯھ绯ѾԵЩ߲ϡܹЩ̬
Щ֣ҵо͵һΪȻʶЩ֣̬ȴֻ˫ͷèȦϵ̬һģһ
ҸϽ˵Ȧó
ӽ⿪ңȦ˹ŸʯһȽϣЩȻ̬ͬһģһӦͬһɡ
ǽϵЩ֣治ɵЩ֣˵Ĺʯֵ֮ʲô˼ϧǣмûʶЩ֣Ȼ֪浽дʲô
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˵⣬̧ͷһۣ˵ҲүүһΣˣҪ˵֣Ҷˡ
˵꣬ҵ˵ͷĴ˵кܶಢ޻̸֮֮д˵ΪҲķǼ顣
ǿЩ֣Ĵ˵ģطпĹĹء
⣬Ǽһ˼ѪһԵ˷ȭĥƵ˵ҵǿǸѽҴӽһУûеôĶء
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ҵĻӵƤһϽЦȻҪ˳㻹ܵǸٺòˣ˵Ĺ⣬˵ĶҪҵء
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쿴ǰй⣡ǰʯͷͻȻָǰ˵
˳ָȥֻǰԭںɽȴǵطɽĳ֮
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ݵصмһ峺СϪˮݵԭмֻɫӣȴǸŵɢӣһͲӰ
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ҲʱûķСϪͳ˹ȥúõϴ˸ɾ
ϴ꣬ҲˣطȻȥƽ˭Ҳұ֤ûΣգǵ濳һѸɲ񣬵˻ѡ
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ϴһΧŻѣſ㣬óľƣоǽɽɵһΣʯͷ˺üڣһľԵĲУھȥͺ˺Ȼڵ˯ˡ
ûȥΪʯͷѾҹû˯ˣǺˣ̫ˣҪϢ
ʱǼһһŷѾƨһɤӾҪСһߵһƨϣָָ˯ڵϵʯͷСһ㡣
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ʿСү㶮𣿡ʱȴǴյҵĸǰСĵʵ
ڶǾʬǣҶĸоЩ֣һĿ־壬ʱյҵĸǰɵԱŲŲĿʲôҪ˵һûҲûзϣǷʵʲô飿
ɫ΢΢Щף뵽ʲôе־飬Ȼѹɤӣ˵öˣһֱͬһΡ
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ʱ׵ĸӵˣС˵μɽ·һֱû߳ȥһƬŨġ
ǸɽǾʬǣҺʯͷʬǼʮֵϸûа˺ۣѲǾʬҲǶģ
뵽ҾͲҼˣϵ·亹ʪˣο˼ҹΣľһֱ棬ŻΡ
˵⻰ǰοҲڰοԼΪԽԽҸо־塣
ҵĻ֮˵ͷ˵ô¡
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ϵ·Ѿȫ亹ʪˣʱҲ֪λشֻǶҵĵ˵ͷٿ˫۾תͷԱȥ


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ҸϽͷŤһߣȥ˭֪һתͷȴԶĲݵһɫӰӣ
һΪԼۻأ۾ǵطȥֻӰڲݵϣǾȻһɫɴŮˣ
ԶҿŮ˵òֻܿ޳һͷͬٲһĺڷɢϣվڲݵ֮ϡ
Ů˵¹¿ȥһջӦòҪڱĵطҿ϶ʮȥŮӣ̵Ĵɽ棬Ůˣ
뵽ͷϾðˣһӾڵվǸŮ˿ҷһһɫӰһźƮ˹ȥ
ԶɽڣŮ˸ûֻ֮ͣͬһ㣬Ȼ˼ɽ棡
ͻȻվһҲڵ˳ҵĿǰȥȴʲôҲûпЩµʵʿСүж𣿡
ʱͷ϶Ѿð˺ˣǰȥݵϿտҲŮ˾ûгֹһ
治ɵֹѲԼŵóֻþ𣬿Ǹղҷѽ
ң£˵ûʲôղеۻˡ
ҵĻһ˵ϣֻһֱֹղŮҿǿۻĿԲ󣬿ɽҰôŮˣѲŮһֻɣ
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ߵǰ¹⣬ϸĴʯڣ泤ɫ̦޺ǵӲݣûʲôһģҲûзʲôر֮治ɵķֹ˵ԼղѵĿˣ
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ŮԴͷܳɢţסԿȥںġ
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ʱҲڶʯڣһ̧ͷǼ档
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ұŮͻȻ̽ͷŵĿɿڴһհףܡ
ŮƺҲҸŵòᣬŴͣ۾һۣҷŮ˵һ˫۾Ȼʮֵȴģûһ˿¶ȡ
ֻŮ̧ͷһۣ𾪣Դһŵصɽ棬ǰɽڸûаı仯
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侲һ£ղԼĶһ˵һ飬˵ɫЩףֵ˸ŵòͣĳɽڿͷ
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ҹȥʯͷ˵ȻվҪǰȥ
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˵ĿɿڴʯھȻпյģ
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ǶŴΧ˹ȥֻʯͷǸΧͲʯðɫĻҸŵݶɵһǽǽĺʮңʱ䳤ˣǽ汻Ĳݺ̦޺ǣԿͨұڼһģһôһ£ͷֱ治
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洫긯õζطӷ֮Ҳûд򿪹
ǼһƺһҲûŵЩŵζվڶڣ˷ܣ̧Ĩһͷϵĺˮתͷ˵Ҫǽȥ
֪һŵȫĲƱɵıӵ˵ѰǵģֲǵĹӡ
һҵĻӼˣ˵ǲѽҾͿⶫԷأһ󶷣ȥŪ㶫Բʦүѽ˵ˣⶴ˵Ҫҵء
ӵĻһﶼĬ˵Ҳмֵطʮа˾žǸ˵еĹĹĹǧĽŮᵽط϶ǶطǳϤ˵ŪǸԼŮᣬǡ
ҪǽȥӿЩɶڴʵ
㲻Ҫˣط֪˶೤ʱˣĿܶˣ˵ˣͲǸŮ
ҵĻӲ˼ץץͷƤ˵⣬ҴˣǾ͵ȵȣٽȥ
»صԣղűŮŵùǺҲЩһʼôҲ˯ţҲòˣԺľ˯˹ȥ
Ҳ֪˯˶ãҾͱǼһˣһ۾ͿһһյҵĸǰҺʿСүˣѽ
ұһһЩŷѾȫˣһҲˣһ˫۲Ѫ˿˷ܵû˯ţɸ˼Ѫһ
Ǽ򵥵ĳ˵㶫׼ɽ濴һߵڣָõζһҹѾõ࣬һϵǸŮҾ;Щ治̤ʵϽͳֽÿ˸˼š
Ů˸棬Ȼϣ¹⣬һǿıȽŮһƬҰףֻƤ֮ȴЩ࣬ȥЩˣЩ


175 ½
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ӱҸŵһ㶣ҲЩ£ˣվԭسǺٺһЦҺʯͷߵǰ档
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ЩӰǰ·棬ٸ
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Щ˵϶Ե˺ۣЩ˺۶˵ˣеĸʬĺеıԴеؿڱ͸ЩʬвɵЩ굽׷ʲô飬Щ˶棿
ЩӦöǵ޽ĹĹһ߸ʬ֮ǰ̧ͷ˵
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ϤһĹˣӣǵ꽨ĹĽˣйĹŴУкܶĹˣɱ޽ĹĹһΪᣬΪ˷ֹĹλúĻй¶
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ٸѳĹǼһϸǳ˷ܣСֹţԹԣĹҪٸ޽ٷ֮ٵǸ󶷣ؿҪˣ
ʷҲ˷ܣȻѾϴˣϾӳôĹҲЩ˷ܡ
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֣˵Ĺ꽨ɺѲʲô˴˽ʯƵģ
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ģ޳ôӣ滹ûлʱżĪӣһĹû˰أһߴСС
ҿһһۣ˵ĹûüãЩصƷʮа˾ҲûüһķκпҪˮƯˡ
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Һʯͷⶫǰ棬Ǿⶫĺ档
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ŵĴһûľǰȥٶȷǳĿ죬գ۵ĹѾ嵽ǵ
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һƨɾ˵ϣҲŵЩʱһɽȫǻ춯
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ֻһͷⶫϣһͷȴͨ˶ڣʱĶ֮³һںĶڣһֱͨ档
Ҳףղſ϶Ƕڶ棬ϵĿǺɫģڵɫ࣬ʮֵĻ谵һʱûпԲء
˵ǣⶫȻٶȿ죬ȴ
ֻûԶӾбıֱ洫ǵľҸϽǺû£
һᣬŴĻش𣬹Ҳⶫ˩ŵ߲̫ԶҲûиղôš
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ҺʯͷҡҡͷⶫԲԲģȥһ㣬ҿкܶϸĽţ򼣬Ľǳߵģȴӵ·Ե
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ͣſڵϵʯͷǰ溰һɤӡ
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ʱ½еĸӵңͣҡž޴壬ζ졣
ʯͷһⶫԴϵʱֻ½͵رֱϵҲһ
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ʱҺӲǷӦ˹ӴһҲ٣ˣȻתͷû˹ȥ
½֪ˣϵ˺⼣ղһڵأû뵽ⶫʯͷˣȻ
ֻ½һɣ໽Ǿͳ˹ϵڵϣĥһǡ
ʱʯͷѾ嵽Ҹǰһѣûǰܡ
Ƹղűʯͷˣ׷ǣûܶԶѾԽԽˡ
һͷһۣܹĿⶫúԴ治ɵһëϽתͷһĵ
˭֪һתͷһֱǰȴͻȻӰӣдһ˵һôĪʧˡ
ͷˮʱͻȻǰʯ֮ðһźںԴ
ԴҸһһǼһﻹ˭
ֻӶҺʯͷ֣ͣǺطи
ǸϽӿ켸嵽ǰȻʯ֮һڣⶴһʯţҲ֪ǼһƿĻǱûϣʱԿںĶ档
Ǵ½ѾǺܽˣҲϸĹ۲춴ΣϽ˽ȥ
һǸϿ֣ƶʯţҪϡ
ʯǳƴ޺֮Ҳûйع쳣ĳأǻƵö
ʱѾڶˣǶʹ˳̵ƶʯţֻʯڿ֨֨УĹ
ʯŸոչϣ޴½ҲѾ˹ȻͿʼײš
һУصʯűײ͵һʱʯţ½һײʯŷһӾͿĵҵ°棬ҸĵѪ
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ʱĴ½øӵȻþ˳̵ⶫĶֻ֣ʯһһıһ϶
ʯͷǰ棬ñʯţĺڵͣѾʯŵǴ½Դš
ʱϽֵͲһʯ棬طмһʯͷ̵Ĺײ֮Ҳûбʲôûпܵĳڡ
ˣιҪ군ˣô죬ô죡ۿ½ԴԽԽ࣬Ѿ׵û⣬ͣСֹš
ʱʯͷͣõڿ½ԴȻԴͱϡãŵһҲûбС˼ʯţɱһһƿ
Ҳүģۿ½ҪѾ׵ĺˣһҲ˺£һֻŭĹţһԼеĴ󿳵½ͳ˹һͣĳԴȥ
½ļӲףеͨͿһҲûȥǴ½п׵ĵطһ½ѾʯͷϡõԴкһͽԼϸŪ½ճѪҺ
½ѪҺǵɫģһµȳζǼһѾƴˣﻹܵô࣬еĿ̧ͣ£½Դͬһ


177 ſڹײ
ȫƴˣҺʯͷĶסʯţ˭֪ʱǸоʯ֮ϴѹʱ˲٣޴½Ҳֹͣ˺УڵһҲ
Һʯͷһۣ֪½ӦѾˣҲ֪Ϊ˹ػǼһ￳ʲôĵط½һҲˡ
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ҵĺӲ֣ͣЩ˼ңϵ½ʬ壬ȷʵˣ
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ҺʯͷҲ۵ĹǺҵϻʯŸһӣڻѪϽڱͳһѱҵס°͡
۵˵ûˣԳĬʯ֮Ϣ
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ûһˣƶ죬ЩŵĶǰĹҡ
ֻһĪɭĸоֵ綯ǰȥĹſڹײ֮ҲûбʲôǼһڴеĽƱûг֣ɵЩͷɥ
ֹ۲һᣬҲŷ֣ĹȻſڹײģϸϸһЩײĵİڷǼΪĽġ
ֻĹҵм䣬ڷŵһھ޴ͭ餣ǿڹ˸ߣƺ棬ȥһεѹȸС
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˳ֵͲȥֻ֮Ȼ˺ĻҳܹһһĶ߿ľͷײ̽Ȼʧǿͭ׵档
Щ˿ڹײĵĶߣǱڻҳ֮µһִ
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ֻǿ΢Сһͭ餾İڽ棬ȥƺԵЩ¶Ҳ֪ǲǵⱻ˸档
ǸҺĻĽʵʵһŽһŵķֽѲڹײ汻ӡʲôɣ氵뵽
طôǸоЩɭɭأʷʱſ˵
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ʱӽԼıңȻͳһ򣬶˵ȻǸˣǸһһֱعأҵطǳ
˵ÿһĹѨͻĹѨĶϱĸһ֧ĹйĻЩͻԶϨ
ֻץһ֧ôȼûеŵ䣬ͿĹȻ˲ɫӵһҲյ͵ģȻ۵һˣ


178 ʶ
ϵͬһһ۵һ죬һŵòͷϵ亹ʱð˳ѵһĭʵвɾĶ
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ЩǱĶӷһǲëȻĶ߿ڹײġ
ʲôǣԴ㵽
Ҳ֪ô£ڴһȫɴ۾Ķ߿ľƵĹײģֻЩͬһҲԽ
ڴһĿɿڴʱ߿ڹײеһڣͻȻһ죬ֻǹײĵĹ׸շķѵ˵ϡ
һڹ׸Ƿ𣬽֮ڶ߿ڹײĵĹ׸ȫ
ǰһĻ֪ʲô飬ʱײǵԽ
ţһںӰڹײӶֵǣ߿ڹײͣĶһ
ЩʲôЩײһɫӰӣԾĴĽš
ֵͲһڹײģֻĺɫӰȻһ˵ӰӣֻϴźĿףͷҲźɫͷֻһ˫ɫĻǵ۾Կ
ұЩһϸȥֻЩӰĿ棬һɫİΧţЩŵζ
ܣЩϳζļʿŵЩŴҺ
һŵòˣҵĻ֮󣬶Ҫܡ˭֪ʱǸͣĹҽĹײȴͻȻһҫ۵İ׹⣬ǵǰһ
һʱҲܣĶǿڹ餡
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ұһڻָѣЩǳģ׵ʬһȾ·˹ȥ
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Ļ䣬ȴЩŵ˵ö
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ŴӦþһطķԣطģöŮ˵ĻҲ֡
ҵ˵ͷ˵ֻǸŮҵĽҵȴǸӵĸеʹǸŮ˷һֻΪʲôҺҾȥ
Ĺǰ˿ڰڷֵĹײģ뵽Ů϶ǰ˿ڹײйϵмǿ˶ͭףղŮǱĺڹ˻ȥ
뵽⣬ͻȻӿһǿҵĳ嶯ҾԼҪǸŮ˸ȳ
Ҳ֪ԼΪλǿҵͷǸŮ˵ΪҿŮ˵ʱȻһʮϤĸоŮ˾ҵһˣһҹϵǱѰŮˡ
ҾҪǹǿҵͷʹҶԴ˵˳
ҵĻ֮΢΢üͷʷӶŴֵͣϱɫҡ
Ϊʲôʯͷüͷ΢΢ʳ˴һﶼʵһ仰
Ҳֻ֪֪ŮҸоǳϤҾһʲô飬Ҫȳʯͷƽ˵
ҵĻʯͷû˵ʲôƺһᣬȻᶨҵ˵ͷ˵Һһȥ
ʯͷϲ˵ȻɾҵͷЩ֣ɺԥվߣЩжһۡ
ʷһ£û˵ֻǿҺʯͷۣȻ˵ܹŹ֣ȥ̫Σգǣ޹ҵģ͸ٽȥһˡ˵վҵߡ
û˵Ƭ̣ҲվҵĸǰԼ̬ȡ
Ǽһʱɴ۾ǣ˵ģʿСү裬Ƕŷˣ
Ȼһͣһ£ҡҡͷ˵ϣȻǶȥôٵүҺ͸һˡ
ʱֵֻǸǡ


179 ɽ־
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ҰԼıҽһҴĹȡһɽ־Ϲֻõ֮ûһķӳЧá
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ӵЩȻܲҽ
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ҸоԼЩһｻʵ̫ˣת˵ɽ־ֻзչܷӳһǽȥ棬ЩڣǾɽ־ͷչ⣬Щﶼҷ𣡡
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ҵĻʷҵڿһӣʯͷȴޱĵ˵ͷʲôҲû˵ϵûʲô仯ҸͲ֪ʲô
ΪԼһͷҪһһƴһΣҲ֪˵Щʲôһ·ϳĬǰš
ЩʬûͨУΪǸղû׷ǣзĹңҪǸȫǱ뻹ҪȥһĹҡ
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ȻûпЩʬ֪ЩһͶЩײĵ档
Сĵ˽ȥո߽ſڣ߿ڹײǷһ㣬ͣĶȻһ׵ʬڹײֱӣǾͳ˹
ڶοЩѾûеһθռʱĻţۿЩԽԽʯͷһܣ
ǸϽǰȥֻĿĵҪЩڣܵĲ졣
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Ҵһźͳ˹ȥʯͷʷҲĸҵ
ǲܣǳ˹ЩԵһ£ǳ˹
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ڣѾܹŵӺ;ֻץɽ־ŶڱȻš
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Щʬǰ棬ſ£ɽ־Ĺâͻյϡ
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ֻǵͣĴһĲҽſڵϻعͷһֻۣǵʱȫյЩʬϣǵ屻ƹסȻͣڿ֮ðһƵİɫһʱ涼ЩĲҽҲɵëȻ
ûãĽֹͣȻһ󻩻ʱЩƾʧһϵĿȫɢ䵽˵ϡ


180 ǰ
Щʬ屻ɽ־һգʱðһ˿˿İɫȻǵðһ˿˿İɢ
û֧ţϵĿ׻䵽˵ϡ
ʱŸڵʷ벻ɽ־ȻôһӾܽ߸ʬճһ̣档
Ҳ˲ͷϵĺˮ߳˶ڣʱҲɴ۾˼žеɽ־Ǽһһ˫۾涼Ҫˡ
ҿǼһжӵĿܣæھӹɽ־ŵ˱档
ĽһڿˮʵʿСү⾵ʵ̫ˣȥĻʲôӣһ¾׵ˣ
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ʱҵһ˿Ŀ־壬ΪղŵĽʵ̫ˣʲôܷ˾޴Ľûס
Ҫȥʯͷʵ
Ȼղ洫ľ޴ҸоʮǿҵĲһ뵽ǸŮҵĽҵͷͳѹ
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲô˹ǸŮˣֻҿǸŮ˵ĵһۿʼҾ;ҵĸоʮֵϤ·һˣ˵һ㡣
ʿСүŮʲôͷΪʲôҪȥǼһֵʵ
ʱһҲңȻǶҵΪҲеʮֵĲ⡣
һ£üͷϸϸһ£Ȼ˵ҾǸŮ˸ҵĸоǳϤҾӦʶһˡ
û𣿡ҵĻǼһɴ۾־ҪҵĶͷһΪҷ˵ء
ЩĶ㿪֣˵û˵ġ
ʱһǳ˲⣬ңǼһǴ˵˵ʿСүⲻڿЦŮǧˣôܸʶѰɣˡ
Ȼ֪˵ĺеŮ˸ҵϤĸоȴ˵ǿңҸûа취Ӷ
ҵһ˵ʱȴңСĵ˵
ʱгʣĻϽתͷȥʵʲô˵
ǰ˵ֻת˵ϱӸϵеˣ±㻹ǵá
˵꣬һӾסˣҵȻҲ˵Ҳһֱţֻ鵽Լϣһʱû뵽ѡ
˵꣬ȫɵˣûмǸŮˣŮ˸ҵĸоޱȵϤһƺֻ˵ܹ͡
Щѵһĭ뵽ѲǸŮĸԼǰʲôϵ
Ҳ̫ѪˣѲǸŮǰǵʿСүϱǵʿСүϱĹɣǼһ˲ˣȻҺ񳶵һȥˡ
һתͷһˣֻǿҵЩ죬Ȼͬ˵ġ
žЩε˵ǸߣòҲ˻ƶϰɣ
ҡҡͷ˵ʶǣҵѾȫˣҵԸǸģҲҿ϶
εĿЦһ£˵ĻȻңǴ棬ҲƺȽͬ˵
ҸɴڲݵϸϸһԼŮʱĸо
һۼŮϣʱԶûпģԴɽðҸ˸ȻҲ̸ʲôо
ǾڸղţĹʱŮվڹײ棬ǵڹеʱ򣬷Ĳҽȴһֱҵģһ;ޱȣ벻ܲ˵ĳȥ
뵽ҵĿüȻŪǸŮ˵׸ʲôϵ֪һʲô⣬Ҫȥҵұȥ
뵽ҡҡͷڲݵվ˵ҾһҪȥ
ҵĻһﶼû˵ʲôʯͷҵ˵ͷҲʲôһﶼа
ʷʰһԼ·׼һνȥʱǼһĽеҲŽȥһ˾ˣүеĶëˡ
ҸмһӣûţΪȻֲǱϾǸŮˣһֵˣЩġ
һʼӻͬ⣬ΪƲֵһۣȻʹ˸ɫһĺܣҵ˼ص˵ͷû˵ʲô
ղŶŪͷЩǶĽҹҲǼܹԸģǵĲǰǶڣȻþеɽ־Ƕ
ҺʯͷʷɽȥһֱǰûþĹ֮ǰ
ڸղŵиҶ˲СӰǲðȻȥվڶڣԴСĵȥ


181 
ĹһڣֵͲȥֳ߿Ѿõľͷײ֮ľǸղųȥʱ򼸺ûзֱ
ҾЩ֣˵ղŵô£
ǹײĵĸӱˡͷˮʱʯͷȴ棬Ķ˵
ĻҸϽмǿھ޴ͭףĹ׸ǹȻѾˣ
ҸϽֵͲȥǹײĸѾ䵽餺ĵϣֻ¶һǣԸղҲûע⵽
̧ͷǿͭײģŵֱ˵װĵǸʲô
ſ̽Դһᣬɾĵģûа㶯
һ۽ǿҪСһͭײģ֪װŵľǸµŮӡ
Źײķֽһִв֪ΪξȻʹ̧˹ȥҵһǿҵĲƵͷҪǸײģ
ʯͷʷȥҲϽȻĹ浽ĵģּžȻ˸еǿҵĲʯͷʷһߣһ߽Ķǿڴ˸ӵͩף
Ǹոǰ߳Զмǿھ޴ĹͻȻһŭʱķŭĺС
ǱһͣӣǻûӦϲͣĴЩ߿ڹײĵĴִʱȴǲͣĶ
ֻͬһ㣬ڵϲͣĶһĻҳ
ãſ£ʱʯͷͻȻһ󺰣ֻĺһִдصķǾ;˹
Щг˵ֱһϸҪǱⶫ鵽ϣͷ϶ֱӱҶϣ
ХǵͷϾĺ紵Ƥϵë׶ſˡ
Ǹոڵʱڶֳ˹Һ滹еЩͬһɫĴһдصķһһǾ
ȥһʯͷǷһ󺰡
ҺʷŷӦϽſھͳ˹ȥ
Ѫ֮ҪǱЩһһĳϣò˶󹦷ͻᱻҳࡣ
Ǳֵܳ˶ڣʱڲͣķ裬ڵʯ鱻ҳɷĩ
ⳡǲɵЩ£ͷð亹ʷչʵʿСү⵽ô£
˵֪ѽҡҡͷ
Ȼʷ˵ȥǸͽȥѽ
ĻҲɵİż治ͣȥ˵ˣֻӬҲŽȥǺã
һʱɵˣֻվڶڣ档
ûжãĹ˱仯
ֻͣĴʱȻͣûãĹ潥İֻиղűЩĻҳĴƮš
ҪҪȥԣʯͷתͷʵ
ҵ˵ͷȻСĵĹ˹ȥ
ղЩжǿɶǿģڴһߵķǳСģʱܵ׼
һΣʮЩʧȥ˻һ㣬Ҳûжһ¡
ΣһﲻɵһʱȴͻȻЩͷǸоԼĺ󱳱ʲôһ㡣
ָоҼΪĲ͵̧ͷĹмǿѾ˸ӵͭ˹ȥ
ֻǹײ治֪ʱȻվһߴӰǵֵͲյ˵ϵʱȴǲɵ۾
Ϊ̫ˣϲ֪ʲôֵͲĹһȥȻõĽɫʱֺڰĻ棬ͻȻ⣬۾Щ̫Ӧ
۾ȥֻײվŵһĸߴӰӰн׸ߣ쳣ͷϴźͷſףǸо˼ǣ˵ͷͿ׾Ȼǻƽɵģ
ϽĿףҾ֪ղΪʲôᷴˡ
Һʯͷƽʱʷȴǵɴ۾ŴͣǸϴŻƽ׵Ӱȡ
ɲǸ׵ӰһˣȻûпò֪һˣӿӰ֮ҵȴͻȻӿֳһǿҵ񣬸оǳᡣ
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôֵĸоǸӰûһһˣⲢɣһ
벻ͨԼΪʲôֵĸоǶվڹײ棬ӸµǣǸоʮֵĲͷһ˫۾Ȼķһĺɫâ
ⶫΣգǸƽ׵ʬʯͷɫأתͷ˵
ʵ˵Ҿ֪˾ҲԲⶫĶ֣Ȼʮ⣬ҪģʯͷĻո£ҴһܣȻ˾Ĺҿڳ˹ȥ
ǵӸոһǶķһЦϲɵһļƤ
һһ߻ͷȥֻڹײ߸ߵԾȻһ˵ϣϻƽɵĿܷһ
ʱҲܿƽ׵ʬ壬ֻңףȥͬһСɽһⶫʱȻһѳĴ󵶣Ǵ󵶱ҵӶҪ
ǽʬ淢ͷƤĺâһ֪ǰѵΪķľܽ˵Դ
ֻǽʬڵϣ̧ͷһۣȻӾͶֱȥ


182 
ʬڵ֮ͿʼͣıܣܵĲ죬ĸߴǰһԶ
ϵĻƽܶÿһȥ϶ᴫһƵսһ㣬ͣǵͷ
ʬ̫ˣǸͲҸûǰܣȰڣɽ־İæⶫͺöԸˣš
˭֪һǰʱĽʬִһһûüͷȥ͸оʲôͷϷ˹ȥȻһ죬һͲ嵽ǰĵϡ
嵽ǰĲǱĶǽʬеĳ
ɽ֮УԽµĵҲȫǼӲʯû뵽ʬ׳ĳȻĲ˼Ӳʯ棬ֻгĵڲͣĲ
ұͻȻԼǰĳŵͷϽͣӣҲ֪ɺϻ⣬ʬֻѡҡ
ұͻȻ嵽ǰĳŵòᣬһҲ֪ʲôɵģȥںģϿ벻ⶫȻ˷
Ҷһ£ȻһҪǵԱƹȥǾôһͣ٣ҸоĽŲˣԶ
ʱҲˣ͵תͷȥֻǽʬѾԶһ־ץסҵļ
ŵͷƤʱǶȻ֣Ҿ˹
ⶫϴףӦһƤɵģֱһҲŽɵļƬֳָּ⣬һӾܽҵļ͸
ۿǽʬԽԽҺȻǣһ͵ض˵ϣȻ˫ֱͷͬ«һ㣬Ա߾͹˳ȥ
ǽʬû뵽һôһУȻǱϾһʱûзӦȻǰ˼ͣӣתͷһ˫ɺ۾Ķҡ
ڵϹһȦˤһĹͷۣ֮£ﻹҳɣϽڵǽʬ
ʬϳ˱Ϣ˵Ӧøе£ǲ֪ΣһⶫҵȻĪӿһɷŭ
ַŭҵ˫Щ΢΢ͻȻҪȥսһĳ嶯ΪʱȻʬԼһУ
Ҳ֪ԼôֵͷϾ˹˵ģа˻ôˣôȥأ
ǽʬĸߴ󣬿ŵǰѴ󵶾֪϶Ҳֵܴܹ˵ģҾȻҪսʲô
ҸոѹͼǽʬͷҾͳ˹ûзһֻҿһ˫۾ĺɫâƺʢ˼֣ҵͷһ
ֳԼˣҷһ󺰣תͷҪܣһֻмԶǽʬֻҪɵ̧߼ץˡ
ҿץŵƣŵϵĺë군ˣ
飡
ҵ۾ʱǽʬȴͻȻһƵⶫǱҵһ΢΢Ļһ¡
һҲʬŹңźתӡ
һתҲſֻʯͷʷվ
ʱʯͷǱڵʷȴ˫һǽʬղ׳סҵǰѳ
Ӹղں湥ʬžһ
ʬתҿĿ״ʱѾвټƬӦǱʯͷʷġ
˵ĹԵʬΪջֻʯͷʷһŭ𣬳Ǿͳ˹ȥ
ұҪأһ⹥ʯͷǣͣ
ֻʬǰһƳʷ˹ȥ
ʷæеĳֵ˭֪ʬûһɴȥ
ֻʷͬߵķһ㣬ǽʬһƸȵ˶棬Ȼſڵһ֪
һƽʷȷɣǽʬûͣʯͷֳ˹ȥʯͷ˹ȥ
ʬ̫ʯͷҺӲƴⶫٶҲ̫죬Ҳˡ
ֻʯͷĽżڵһ㣬ͬһֻһ㣬߸ߵԾǽʬһƾ˸ա
ӽʬʼҵľһֱţʷȻʯͷ˹ͼĲУڿʯͷĹҲɵһ
˭֪ҸոһֽŵĴСģ
ԭʯͷ߸Ծ𣬶㿪Լʱǽʬ־Ͷ
ֱֻϾ٣ʯͷĽץ˹ȥʱʯͷڰգûһ취תжܣһӾͱǽʬεץסŵĽ
űץסʯͷ֪ãڰзһУӹеĺڵǽʬԴͿȥ
ۼʯͷĺڵҪⶫԴ棬ǽʬͷִ֮ٺٵЦһʯͷӾһڵһֱӱ˳ȥʯ˹ȥ
ֻһУʯͷصı˦ʯ֮ϣȻڵϹ˼ͣ
ʯͷȥֻúڵŵ棬ƺҪվɫڲ԰ףлѪӸոֱ͵ˡ
һĻг˷ŭһΪⶫȻʯͷΪǹԭǱķŭҸͷ˳
ҸоԼ۾ѾѪˣ··òҴһǽʬͳ˹ȥ
ҵӲ˼ĸ߸ߵԾԾͷȻ䵽ʯͷĸǰ


183 ֮ս
Ǹʬн׸ߣƽҲͷȥҸûиеԼȻĪԾ˹ȥ
תͷǸʬûһĺ£ֻó޾ķŭҲûǰһʷڵϵǰѳҵһ˫۾ӵɺ졣
Ȼ;˳һŭ˻ҵͷͿȥ
ʯͷ˺أʱ򿴵ʬõңҪڵȴһɵľͶҪһ
Ҳ֪ԼΪλ˵飬ҵֻзŭɷŭҸоԼڳ
Ҹ߸ߵԾӣһžǽʬ˹ȥ
һҪܣһſĳ棬ֱӾؿڡֻһУĸߴĽʬȻҸߵź滬׵ľ롣
Ȼںˣʬûе£ֱֱվţ֮ͣ󣬲ûԴң˼һ
ſڵϵʷɵˣʯͷҲǽվֵңΪʲôͻȻ֮ӡ
ʱһƬհףֻзŭҵֻһͷǾýǰʬԴڱľ
ʱǽʬڶˣһӿͬһɫ磬Ҿͳ˹еĳһᣬҵɨ˹
ûܣһľеĳӭȥ
ҪҾȻҪӲǽʬĳʯͷʷͬʱһ󺰣ǸղŸʬ֣Ȼ֪жǶסҾ͸ˡ
ʯͷʷĴҵĶ䣬ҵԺʲôû룬ֻ侲ǰѳ֪ΪΣҾԼܹ¡
һ죬ҵľںǽʬĳҸоһɾ޴Լ˹ֱϴһۡ
ǾʱҵȴӿһǿǳдȻֲȴֻҵӻһΣûʷһֱӱҵķɳȥȵĽ
ʱʷŵȥһɴ۾ңȻתͷʯͷʵʿСүôˣ
ʯͷȻҲ֪ôˣΪԼҲֻ֪ʯͷҡҡͷʷ˵Ҳ֪Եĸоǰһˡ
ʷһڿˮ˵ѲɵʿСүʲôɣ
ȻʲôԼҪǣҲŪԼôˣ붼ûȥ룬ڵֻһͷǾǰǰܡ
ľͳǽʬԥյȻҵͷ
Ǳҵиûжܵͷ˫־ľӭȥ
ػʮغϣҸǽʬȫӲӲĴ򷨣ʷʯͷĿɿڴ
ɽĻҳĴ򶷣ƯǵӰЩʡ
һҵײҺǽʬڷ˿ȻĪı˱̬ǱϾѪ֮ʱҲɵĴڵĴϢţǽʬǸúԿȥҪɵĶࡣ
һ¶ˮʪˣˮϴһʱҸǽʬԶ˭Ҳûȷڳѵõİ
ڴʱǵͻȻһҵĽŲźһֵӰӡ
һ￴ǽȥϳʱ䶼ûгΪʲô鷳Ϲ֧Ԯġ
ӿſڵϵʷзǽɫ׵ʯͷһȻ̧ͷֿǸʬһҲ٣ˣôٵӣ
˵һӣеĴ󿳵Ҫȥæ
ʯͷһѾץסӵֱۣҡҡͷ˵ȥﲻæġ
ǽʬжʯͷ֪ģڵҸǶ˼ʮغϣ˵ˣʯͷûҲﲻҡ
ӵɴ۾ʯͷֵ˵ʿСүһУ
ʯͷû˵ֻǵ˵ͷ
ȻЩʯͷĻûиϹæЩȷҡ
ʱǸʬͻȻһ𣬽žڿ巢һǵȻⶫȻı
ʬͷ͸ߣףʱ㳤һͷټһĿףȥһ㣬ѹԡ
ʱҵ۾оǹɲ֪ôֵǿ˼֣ǽʬ붷־
ʱʬˡ
ֻ͵ǰһϻƽ׻죬ȻĳҵԴ
ⱾǼΪ򵥵һУٶ̫죬ֻһգ۵ĹѾҵĸǰЮſֲĳѾҵͷ
һûӲƴӯͬһֻһ㣬ĵƮ˳Ȼһ̧һⶫؿڴ˹ȥ
ۿһҪⶫؿڣ˭֪ʬȴͻȻһŭӲԱŲ˼ҵĽûд̽ؿڣǴ̵ı۰֮ϡ
ֻʬһУƺΪʹ࣬ͷĽҵľֱ棬ǿȻð˿˿ɫ
ʬȻǱϾһľЩĿǣһȻֻⶫֱۣȴе˵ʹࡣ
еľֳȥ˷ֺȻֻǶеĳһ֣ҵľ˹ȥ
һУľȻֱӾͱҵķȻڵϡ
Ҳɿľⶫղŵʵ̫Ȼڲ֪Ϊαñǰǿö࣬ǱϾѪ֮
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ʱǽʬûҴϢʱ䣬ֻһʹˣֽһҵɨ˹
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ҵĵţҸո˻صʱ򣬺ʯͷҺ
һͷֻʯͷеĺڵҶ˹
һѽסʯͷĳֱҵľضˣղһ£Ϊľ̫̫խǽʬĳһ𶯵ķȷǳҲΪʲôһӾͽҵĻڸѵԭ
ҸոսӹʯͷľʬҲѾһεĳ˹ղһӲӲĴһʱ򵶿ʯϣŪʯֱ䡣
ں濴ĵɴ۾˼ĴеҲ٣ʿСүôˣ𣡡
ûʯͷʷɴ۾ĶǣһεķֿȻԳ壬ڵͳڰײǣȻԷ
ҺʬһεĶײþѳͬʱֶɣ˵ϡ
ǴʱǵӲûͣǺһײһȻ˿˼
ʬϵĻƽױҸײƬһأϾпױҿɾͲˣź˼۵һ³һѪ
ʬǸͲ֪Ҳ֪ۣȻҲʮǿǱϾѪ֮һζײҳ˲СĿ


184 ն
³Ѫ֮ͣĿԣÿһ¶Ѫ˿ҸȳղӲӲײѾˡ
ǸսⶴʱƶļƻҪʬȥҸûпǸ⡣
ӿʬĵһۿʼҵðһǿҵķŭһҪԴĳ嶯ⶫҵɱһ
˵⵽ô£ڸͿƲסԼеķŭԿ̧֮ͷǽʬһεĳ˹ȥ
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ⶫûҵԶҵȭͷϣȻӳһ㣬ɰ˼ȭÿһȭܽҸĵɳü
Ҹһÿһαˣֽͣų˹ȥ
Ҳ٣Ĵ򶷣ȭͷϴĳ죬ɵľЩᡣ
һαʬ˳ȥվסˣתͷʯͷˣʿСүҪסˣҪȥæˣȻǼһֽһǾͳ˹ȥ
ʱҡҡληǽվŵʯͷɫȴͻȻһ䣬ԭ԰׵ϾȻֳһĨɫĹâ
ȻʯͷӾվֱˣûһҲǰ˹ȥ
ʯͷҵֵסǽʬһζܹԼǱܣǻԼ˼
ʯͷٶȺܿ죬һӾܵӵǰ棬ӸһǼһֽһӿٶȡ
ʱҵӸպԾһ˽ʬؿڡ
ֻҸߵƺһź
ʱʯͷһһҵҲ嵽˸ǰǼһֽһӸ߸ߵͬһɽһһӾҵǽʬϡ
ʱĽʬպñߵƿӻûվȣȻһͱӸҵϡ
һһķ⣬ٶһֱӾͽʬɷˣ˵ϡ
ѹǽʬϣ˫ֽıסֱֻۣⷢһŭ̧־Ҫӵĺ󱳲ȥ
ʱʯͷҲ˹ۿʬֱ۾Ҫ嵽ӵĺϣһȥıס֡
ʬڵϲͣĴУֱ۶ӺʯͷѹסˣȻһʱҲѡ
ʿСү춯֣ҳŲ˶ãڵϵӿ۵Ĵš
ʷ֪ʲôʱڵʯͷĺڵҺš
һͷӹʷĺڵȻڵϱʯͷӰסĽʬҵǹɷŭͷӵǿҡ
ȻҴһ˹ȥʬ棬һͷͿ׷϶ĲӾͲȥ
ڵɵĴ϶Ȼ嵽Ĳӡ
žʬĿзǺǵĺȻҸо͵һ𣬶ʱʯͷӵͷ˳ȥˤϣ
ûаԥеĺڵһƫȻǶһԴͱҸʱֶֻѾץұƤˣһ̾ͻᴩ͸ҵţԴҿĴ
ʬԴȻҸĲȴûһѪˮֻǲͣðŰɫЩĲðҲϿ׵ķ϶ð
±ԴĽʬͻȻоĪ˷ܣ˷ҿƲסЦоɱ˸ԼѪĳһ
ЩɫĲͣðµĽʬͻȻһƾʧһ㣬ɫĿȥ
ڽʬϣһʧһͷԵ˵ϣЩԭȫͬˮһɢȥҸоԼһۣؿڸ۵ҪѪ
ſҪһ˭֪ȴǰһڣ˹ȥ
һ۾ʱ򣬱ǿҵ̵۾ۣϽֱˣŶһϤ˵ʿСү
ӵģȻһ۾Ӧ˹ߣͿӻֵͷյҸǰңҴʱڶĲݵϡ
ŻһӣֻȫûһͷۣղڶҸǽʬĴս϶Ǳġ
ʱӦ磬ҿ˿̫˵ԼӦû˯ã˭֪Ǽһ˵һ˯һ죬ɰҸˣ
Ļһ֪ѾǵڶˣҾȻ˯ȥһҹֲҿǼһ۾ô᲼Ѫ˿һΪչңһҹ϶û˯á
ӣЩжĶ˵лл
Ӱ˰֣ԴյҸǰ˷ܵ˵ʿСү벻ѽȻǸز¶ĸˣѹҵһμ;Щڲͬ⿴˵ȻϬ
һﲻ˵صһҵļ򣬰Ҹĵֱ
˵꣬ҳĬΪԼ֪ҳ˶֮ϾǸϲģĹ浽ô£ôô
ϸϸĻһǽʬ򶷵ϸڣԼɼǵʱԴȻʲôû˼ħһֻſǶԴ
еǹǿҵķŭ֪ԼΪʲôȫͷԡ
ĵô£вͣԼ
ǳ˷ܺͳݵ۾ûнʲôΪ֪Լ˵ˣһ϶Ҳš
Ťһͷ΢΢ЩԾʵʯͷʷأ
ӽԼŲŲ˵һˣʯͷǼһչ㵽ҹڻ˯ء
ӵĻŬڵԱһֻʷɫЩ׵ڵϣЦЦʯͷǲԱߵĲݵϣ˯ӡ
û°ɣʵ
ҵĻҡҡͷ˵ûʲô£үֹ˼ţ⣬˯˾ûˡ
ӵ˵ͷָмһʯͷ֪ǿд߶ԼǱܵط˺ܴʯͷѾˣɺԥľͶˣҵʮֵĸж
Ȼ۵ҺûܹվұӷϵѪ˲
׵ʯͷǰҼһĺƽڻָɵһ
ʱתǸڣȻ뵽ǿڽ˷ֽĹײģǸͣҽеİŮӣʹ
һʮǿҵ뷨ǾǸϽĹȥǿڹײģ
ҪȥҶվԱߵ˵


185 
ˣĹͷɢ˼һͲʺٴνǲ֪ΪʲôоǿҵͷҪȥǿڹײģȻ
ҪȥһﶼһǼһյҸǰ۾˵ҵĵʿСүѽ˻ûãٽȥʲôôѽ
˰֣˵һβΣˡ
ղϸϸһ£ĹǸͭףʦ˵ɷס
ɷһ󷨣ǸʬΧ߿ڹײװŵĶɷʮʬ
Щʬǰ϶ɱĺݽɫĴŨصɷмǿڹײĽʬɷŨ˹µ󷨣߿ڹײɷǽʬϵɷ
һֺܹϵ󷨣ʦҲֻ˵һΣ˵ܹǽʬӣҲǱ˲˹Ĺ
һҪȥŶڣҼᶨĶ˵
Ҽᶨգգ۾Ȼ˵Ǻðɣһȥ
ʱʯͷڻ˯ʷͦأٽˣҪչǣֵָϣֻˡ
ҸмĿһۣĵĶ˵ллˡ
ץץͷƤЩ˼ЦЦ˵ǿ˵ˣҪʲôǿҪϽ
һŵǸģҲɵЦ˵Уͷİɣ϶Σյġ
Ȼ˵治ΣգһͲģߵʯͷǰ˵ϳ
ⳤǽʬģƺǸ˳ⳤ࣬Ӳ΢İ
кúչʯͷʷɽ˽ȥ
һֱڼǹǸµŮˣߵرĿ죬һ˸ղǴ򶷵ĵط
һֻҵĽӡ֮⣬ϾȻʲôû¡
ҽͷתӣֻһЩ˼ץץͷƤ˵һĿ׶ǽģʵ̫ϧˣ
ǽʬϵĿ׶ʵʵĻƽģһﲻֲǹ£ֻû뵽ȻŪôɾһƬƬû¡
ʬϵĻƽ˵ҲаٶһﱳЩѵͲ
ǻҪߺԶ㱳ö𣿡ʵ
ٺ٣û£Ҳ֪ӿͰβȣٸһҲŪȥ
ӵĻҲɵĸеЩ˵һﻹǸļһԼӳǾźˡ
СߵĹҵڴȻҾòʲôΣˣҲҾðȻĽȥǸȶſСĵĹ۲һ¡
Һͷ˹ȥֻ澲ĵģûа㶯ڵϼһʯͷ˹ȥ
ʯͷڵϷ̵ҲûбĶ
ӳұȻһƣ˼һаȫʱǲ˽ȥ
ӱǿǰѴ󵶵ģʱ棬СĵĽ䱸š
ŶڣһǾͭײĵķߣһ߹۲˿ڹײġ
ߵмǿھ޴ͭ׵ĺҲŷֻ֣ײǰȻǶһ˽ǵܹͭͭյǿСһͭײġ
ͭҵͻȻһɷŭȻҾǹײ˹ȥ
ںһѣ˵ѽʿСүҪʲôô죡
ûлشҡҡͷֱۣһǿԭڽʬͭ餣ûа취ֻں
ǹн׸ߣ̧ͷֻͭǾӵܶ˹ŹֵĻƣȻҿ֪һַ䡣
澵ӣʮתͷ˵ǾӸ
ҵĻһ£֪ΪʲôҪŪ澵ӣߵǰǰѴ󵶣ȥͭ
ͭǸһǼһ˰춼ûаŪһ
үģ׷˰Ҳˣѵһ¾ͽ˵ϣź˼Ȼǰͳ壬Ծץסͭ׵ıԵ˫һӾͷȥҪվ潫ǾӸ
˭֪һȥˣ˫ֳڹײıϣһҲһֻһ۾ɵôģҲŵȥһ
һΪͭײʲôϽҧһѱס˫ȣ͵һͽһק
ӱҸקһҵ˵ϣһûиоʹһһڵ˫ֽץסҵļ
õܴ˫ְִҵӸۣҿ۾ţ沼Ѫ˿ķⲻͣĶ¡
ӣ氵вã˵ǹײѲɻʲôһϸסˡ
ҧҧþȫ̧žҪؿȥ
˭֪ӸûвҵĶ˫һһӾͰҸ¥˻档
ôһ§һҲˣоֱյҺѣҴʱһҲʹϣ군ˣһˣҹƻᱻŪ
˭֪ʱǼһȴͻȻǷʴҵĺص£ҲѪȻɿңץסҵļһҵҡΣвͣĴţʿСүǷˣǷˣ
ұһҡεͷתһʱҲûзӦãʵʲôʲôˣ
ʱڲҡңָָǸߴͭܣ˵Щͣһײ鱦ҪǶŪȥ±ӵĳԺȶóˣ
ʱҲŪһôͻȻĸ˼Ѫһԭǿ鱦ˣǽʬϵĿ׶ýģײҲٲˣѹһἤ
ʱȴЩջ𣬱Ūͭģ˭֪һһ鱦ͱһ
ҸҪѵһＸ䣬û뵽ȴֺǺǵĶ˵ʿСү㿴಻࣡
Ȼһ˵ҵ˫ȾͽҾ
ţͭĶҿ
ȻʦǮͲõûǮǿǹײĶһǸ𾪵ĵɴ۾
ֻͭ¶ʮ֣Ȼȫ˽鱦ֵһգ̵ҵ۾һۡ
ײĵĽ鱦Ҷ𾪵İŷӦղǷӦҲ
ұӾţ۹һɨȴͻȻײĵһǣЩ鱦ȴһСһС塣
ʽӨһϺõɵģؼǣһ壬ȻޱϤĸоҺԥ־ͽץ˹


186 
ǷǱֻ̳ԵΣİһβȥޱȵܡ
֪ΪΣһ壬һϤĸоͺԭҵһҺԥľץ˹
ʱӰҸе壬ɵ۾һĴָ˵ǸöѽʿСүȻǺҲˣ
˵һһȥײĵĽ鱦澪̾ѣǸŻƽ׵ļһЩҲѵûţ
Ȼһ﷭ͽ˹ײ棬νûдңµıһＱֱš
ȻԼ¸ûľͰЩ鱦
ҿһЩˣ¶ˣеˣⶫûȸҪ
ҵĻһ£ȻЩ˼ץץͷƤҺٺٵЦһԴ˵ЩǰͷŪˣ¡
˵һذףſͭ棬ȥͭ
˭֪˰죬ӳһĺͭȴһ㶯ҲûУһ°ӸˣһѵģүͲŪ㣡
Ȼֱһǰһ졣
Ӱͭذ׶ˡ
㶵еذףȻ˵ʿСүǳģŪѽ⵶ӿʿģϱǮˣ
һɥһۣذûٻǮ
ûнĻ磬̧ͷֱֱͭͭŽǿڹײģҾúܲԾľӦðⶫȸŪڸ˲
ģô죿
ڵתȦȻһӺ·ǾӸϣ
ǼһһȻЩԥ˵һҪ·װأ
ҿһԵӣĲᣬ𵽣Щܲˣǳȥ㱳űװپװ٣ֻҪõö
ҵŷӦһѾͳ·ͭ棬Ȼڹײͳ·ѹס
תͷǿСһͭףվǰ档
ֻͭȻСһЩҲʮֵľ£Ȼһ˼ܹӵеġ
ײʱ˻ɫķֽɰһͼȻǧ꣬Ƿֽɫһ㶼ûб䣬ּʺĴۡ
Ҳ֣һһŵĽЩֽҵڵϡ
ÿҽҿһŷֽҷ·ײʹһĳǿŮ˵
ڹײŮ˵ĿҹͰˣȴûиоһĺ¡
һŵ½ŷֽŮ˵ĿҲͣҵĶ䣬ҵĲͣĲ
ڣ̲סˣӿֳһĪԵ˸Уҵвˮͣҵе䣬δδڵϡ
ҽеķֽҵʱͭײĵȫòѾ˳
ֻײ治֪ΪξȻһ⼣ҲûУȥ·ոһ㣬ײĵһֻֻչɵķˡ
ڹŴֻǻ׹ݵרãʵôӺŮǷˣܽ˿ڹײϣŮ˵ݿ϶Ǵͷ
Ȼ̰ƣ˻ǲƺЩ̫ͷһӾڹײʵʿСүôأô£
˰֣ʾԼû£õģȻҽԼײ棬ʱŮӵĿøӵ
ҵĸоǳ֣ԼİŮ˶Լһһ޵Ҹγϣͣᡣ
СүʿСүʱѾߵҸǰҵĲԾһŵùǺ
ֳһѣûɲͣſͭϿš
ʱӸŵͷϵ亹ð˳۾Ұ죬Ȼ˵ģˣ϶ǱʲôɾĶˣ
һ˵꣬һѾͽҳ˹ǼҪߡ
һ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֪ղԼΪʲô澵ᣬҸղžǸоѹǸŮ˵Ŀʱѹӵ޷ơ
˵ô£ЩƺͲҵԴ棬ȥ䣬ƫƫһҲ벻
˵ǰвɵ뵽ѲɹײŮĸԼǰʶ
ʱҿǼһΪаˣҪҸæͣû£
ЩŵĿ˿ңʵûµʿСү
ҵ˵ͷһԵĲţʵ֪˭𣿡
Ҳ㱻һ֣ӣһ￸ܣϽ˵ӣһǵġ
ҵĻһ˵ǵʿСүûаˣ
Ȼһһ£ֵʵղſʲôŪΪ㱻ʲôɾĶء
з磬ɳ۾ˡҲ֪ôӽֻͣ˸Ļѡ
һĵעһײĵĽ鱦棬ҵĻ˵ͷûطɽ棬з硣
ײŵķֽȻҶҿˣɲִ
ЩСĸ첲һ֣Ȼ˵涼⣬ţһûа취򿪹ײġ
ӺһõõЩϵˣ
ҵĻӵ˵ͷǰһ׼һһеĳͿȥ
һУȻ󷢳һǡ
õСһ¿ϣеĳĵ˳ȥ
ҴսһֻһȻûп滹Ǳһȱڡ
ǸȱڣӺţܿˡ
Ӷû˵һȥǼȥͱˡ
ȻӾųͣȥȫϣһҲ۵ͨһƨɾ˵ϣڵĴϢţͷȫǺˮӸ۵Ĳᡣ
ͭ˹ȥȥƶĹ׸ǡ
ˣòûˣǹײĸǵ˵ҲҪٽҲƲ
еҪײ浽ʲôԼִ򲻿۵ĿҪˣֻӵš
ϴһᣬӲڵվߵͭײĵĸǰ
ģײı𿴱ǸҪСһţǱǸԵľ¶ˣЩţѲĶĻҪã
һ뵽иصĶӵ˷ܣϵҲˣֻһ͵һӾͽǹײĸǸ
׸Ǵ򿪣ǸϽȥֻײʲôûУֻһɴŮ˾ڹײ棬һҲ


187 ǧ
ӱΪײҲװ鱦أһۿǸŮˣһһ
ӵٶʬҲ٣ֻһ£Ȼ󿴵ײŮ֮ҲûбʲôɵЩʧֵ˵٣ôʵһΪʲôöأ
վڹײԣŮˣֻɫɴ۾ıţͬ˯һ㣬ͬϵŮһ
ŮϼǸŮֻڵϺ¶֮ȴǸֳһ˿־ĺɫߵ㡣
ŮǷİɣҲŮϸֳĺڰߣԾĴе
ʱҷ·ûпŮϿֲĺڰߣǲĸӣǸŮ˫֡
һǿҵԸǰŮ§ԼĻ档
ʲôʿСү
ʱվԱߣҪȥǸ˲֪Ůˣһһҵֱ۾
ҾԼ˲٣ӵĵң̽ʵû°ɵʿСү
Ҷҡҡͷû˵ʲôڵղһǸŮˣһƬհףʮǿҵҪ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô췢һжЩͷԣֻŮܹһоô¡
뵽һҿӦþŮ˵ĻǣҲ
ҾҪȵϣתͷ˵ҪȵϣǸŮ
ҵĻһ£Ͻ˵ʹѽʿСүŮһǱģɱñ˸Ƕԩѽط̫ΣˣǻǸϽȥɡ
ҡҡͷ֪ΪΣʮֵĿ϶ǸŮ˵ĹҲ˺ңҲʮֵ
ҡҡͷ˵ûµģŮ˲ẦңҪǺ£ȳȥɡ
һ£ȻץץͷƤ˵⻰˵ģôܶأȻûΣգҾһ
ȻӾҵߡ
һЩжҪ˵лĻĹ洫һæĽŲ
ǸϽվһֻһӰ˽ʯͷ
ʯͷߵԱߣǵ˵ͷʵû°ɣ
ɫЩ΢΢ףӦûûȫָ϶ǸѾ͸˹
Щ壬Ͻʵû£
ʯͷҡҡͷʵʲô
Ǽһ˹ʯͷֱȻ˵Ǵƽ׵ļһײȫǽ鱦
ȻָָǰĹײĽ˵ײֻװһŮˣղŵʿСүʧķһҪȥ
ʯͷһۣȻŹ˹ȥ濴˼ۣ˻üͷţ˵ӦˮжŮǰʳ˴ˮƤŻֺڵ㡣
ҵ˵ͷղҲ뵽һ㣬ֻǲ֪Ů˵Ǳ˸ĻԼɱġ
Ů𣿡ʯͷʵ
ҵ˵ͷȻޱĽԼŮ˵ĸо˵˳ʯͷһҲûбΪҾһǳʦֵ֮εˡ
ʯͷĬ˵꣬Ȼ˵ͷûзκֻǶ˵ȻǾ͵ȵڰɡ
һ˵꣬ŵȥһȻ˵Ů˺пǸѲɵʿСүϱӻǸүɣ
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ҺʯͷڵϣҲôϲ˵ʯͷǼһ͸ûˣֻô۵С۵໥š
ûãִһҵĽŲһβֹһˣкü
Ťͷһֻӡʷֵȫˡ
һĹҿڣӾ˷ָܵǿͭܣ󺰵ײģȫǺö˵ˣүȻ⣡
һĻҲɵĿЦһ£һ֪Щ鱦̫࣬ԼòˣԸɴǴһﶼ˹
ûǣ˹Ҳһ۹ײеŮˣȻҲܿŮжģЩֵʵΪʲôȥ
ŮŹ֣һֱЩ⣬ԼҲ˵ʲôֻǵ˵Ҫڣ֮Ů˵ĻǸгЩҪ
ȻĵĲ⣬ĺܣеķζûмʣԱߡ
ʱӼѾǴͭ棬ֵô鱦һӾͿɵˣţ˵ˡ
ʷˣǱǼһȥģҲĽ鱦𾪵Ŵ͡
һѽԼıһҲװ˿֣ҲӦ˹ײʱҳһš
ĿڹײæЩһǺװ̫ˣ·Σգ
Ǿڵϵȴţʱ⼸Ҳæˣһ涼ùĹĵģղž˵Ļ˭Ҳûȥ
滹кܶѽװˣ̫ϧˡһͭףЩ˵
ǼһȻҲۣǼװ󷽵˵˲̫̰ˣЩŪȥҲ㻨±ˣҪֵ⸣
ֵϽǶһж£Щһֿ̧ʱ䣬ʱѾϰ˵ˣҲѾҪˣǸŮ˵ҲҪˡ
ʮֵżΪ뿴ǸŮˣΪʲôһ͸оôϤϲʶҡ
˭֪һֱȵʮӣǹײ滹ûа㶯
һסˣվΧŹײ˼Ȧ˵ûѽŮ˵ĻǶܳ˶棬Ũʱô᲻ˣѲǺ˶
һȦҲòܣΪŮڹײʱҺҾģʱӦóҲǡ
뵽ͷһмǿͭףҲǽʬײǵɫĹâ²ѲŮ˵걻ǵâˣ
̧ͷһǷڱӵ·ڵסͭǵɫĹâӦþ澵ģֲҿ澵Ӿ;òԭܹӰ쵽Ůʬ
Ů˵ʮа˾Ǳ⾵ӷĺڹӡˣҪܽĻǸ
ڿڴͳһŷֽŷֽʲôûд
ҪллСʱõģγûʱֻԼһˡ
Ҫɰطôأ
ŷֽԥһ£Ȼ˺ģָŵԼ棬һھҧȥ
˭֪һиĸͲһҧָۣ۵ҶֱҲͲҧƤһѪҲ
ҵǱһЦ˳ͳһСɾµذף˵ⶫɣҧǿˡ
ҾЩ죬ӹذףʱһ󺮹棬ذһͲˣĺܡ
ذԼָһ㣬ʱͻһѪڣѪ˳
ҸϽſϣԼѪڷֽ滭һл
ɰõĻϣֻ޵֮˵ѪˣҲŽָơ
лߵ˹ײԣСĵĽֽŮ˵Ķͷ棬ȻְסĶͷвͣл䡣
ܸоŮڵ궯һ£ûгһܳڡ
Ҳ̫ǿ󣬿еĸӿˣȻ͵ɿ˰סŮ˶ͷ֣һ
ֻһɫӰվ˹ײ棬ǸŮ˵ꡣ
ȴֱֱңϳˣֻĶҽеɣҵһǧ꣬𣿡


188 
Ů˵Ƿ֣Ӧöʱȴ
ʯͷ;֪Ů˵ʲôЩŵĽ䱸š
ʱӺҲΧ˹СʵŮ˵ʲô
Ϊûܹöһ£Ȼ˵Ů˽еʿСүɣ˵һǧˡ
˵꣬˶ɴ۾Ӹ˼˵Ҳ٣ϱӻʶҲ̫Ѫ˰ɡ
ǸŮ˵ĻǣһӰӣʬһЩˮĺڰߣȥˡ
Ůңͣĳţеˮ䣬ֻˮûеڵϣϻ֮ʧڿС
߹ŮˣҲſڽ˳˵ĻǸŮһ
ʱ۾ɵôģ㲻ôͻȻ˵ַˣһ£Ͻʵ˵ʲô˵ʲô
ʿСү߹Ͻ
ҵιԹԣǸѽһЩ˵
ʱûǣΪʱҵʲôûУֻǰŮˡ
ҽ߹ŮϵˮµĸˣȻһſ˫Ҿ˹
ӿŮˣҵо͸оʮֵʹ࣬ˮʹʪҵӣڿҺԥſ֣Ҫһ§ס
ȴ§˸գŮ˵һûκεͣ˹ȥ
ǹˣǸͲ§һ
һعŮҲתԶһʱ䲻֪˵ЩʲôֻĬĬᡣ
Ҳ֪Լھôˣûȥ⣬ҵӾǱһԼռˣԼǸŮ˷ǳϤ
ҵϥڵϣǰŮʵ߹ô£ô
ǸŮûлشңǶ˵վҲϲ¹򡣡
ᶯͷһůڵվ
ŮߵҸǰȻҵָ̧֣ҵĸţ˵ﱻһǧˣÿ춼ңˣתûǰӢˡ
ҵĪİˣſ˵߹
˭֪ҵĻû˵꣬Ůȴ̧֣ҵͣ˵ҲҪҹҪݼݼ
ҪȥץֱۣôҲץֻ̾Ϣһڣ˵ôˣǿҪˡ
ҵĻǸݼݼĹһҺҪȥҲҪߣҪߣ
ֻεĶЦһ£˵Ͼңֻ㻽ӡʱ䵽ˣ
˵꣬ҵ͵һȻػָǣղȻ˵ҲܹԼ壬Ƿʲôȴǿ
ǰͣŮˣۣ̾Ϣһ˵ˡ
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôҪô˵Ϊϸ˵ղſҲңֻ֪ҸղŲһղŵҲŮ˵ҡ
˵ͨŮ۾ҡ
ҸϽŤͷȥ롣
˭֪ŮҵĻ֮ϵˮֶ޵۵Ǳ˸ݺݵͱһһ
Ů˶˵ʲôڵһҲֻ롣
˵֪㲻Ǹղŵˣоõ
ǰ޵ŮӣҲ֪˵Щʲôֻ˵ǸȻֵʵ⵽ôһ£ôᱻһǧ궼ûȥͶ̥ת
ң˶Ū⵽ôһ£ң˵ҵǰŮ֮䵽ʲôϵ
ǸŮңȻ󻺻Ŀ˵
Ƿ˵Ļ
ԭŮݼǵĹĵ߸ŮԸղҲŽ߹
Ĺһة࣬նةһӣɡ
˵ʱǸ߹ҵ˵ͷ˵ɾ㡣
Ļҳһ˵ԼϱӣϱӣȻһةĶӣ
˵ʱǸŮȻֻһ꣬ԵֳһĨ⣬Ȼ˵ǴСʶʱǴСһ档
ʮһ꣬ѡһλҲ㡣Ů˵ʱһ˫۾Ķҡ
治ɵ̾˿˵϶ܰҵǰҲǸɣֻΪʲôֱӡ
ʱ˵ˣʮ֮ǳɻ飬õǸ壬ǵ͸ҵĶ
̧֣е壬֪ԼΪʲôһۿⶫ;Ϥԭǵ궭͸߹Ķ
Ƕ֮ȥ˱߽һֱĵȵʮһ꣬ڻˡǻֻʬ塣
Ů˵ˮȻ׼֪Ⲣһİ£ôҲ벻Ȼ˵Ĳ̡
һ÷ˣȻڽҪɻһƻ˭Ҳܲ
ڸ֪ǣǸɣҲҵǰôġ
˵ɳެ˸ɱģҲţҪ㣬ǶҼҲҵĶɾôˣΪ˵ҪһӶҵġ
Ů˴ʱ˵ľͷЩѹҵ۾ˮŮ˵һʹɡ
ˣһҲûʲô壬ҪһߣǸ֪ҵ˼ÿ춼˶ңҸûлȥ㣬ÿ춼㣬ûһ첻롣
Ů˵᲻ͣϹ䣬˶һᣬʧȥʱˣı
ûа취ҾͿʼʳԼܸˣ˭֪Ҿʳĵ죬ʹͻȻ˺ܶЩѻʹΧɱ˺ܶˣҲǸ


189 
Ĺ˵Ҳ֪ǻֹϲ죺¡ҪȡʵĵλԲŷҡ
ٺʾͱŰѻλ˻֣ةǸʵϳԱ塣
Ĺ˵ʱСĵңȻ֪Լ֪ϼӵˣԼǰ塣̲סЩŭ
أǰŮˣʵ
ܿͿ˳͢Ϊ˸л˺ĶӣǸĺ
˵ʱ۾мǿ˶ͭףĿ⣬һʵѵǸ׵ˣ
Ĺ˵ͷ˵ҪǸʱҪ飬͸ˡﻹˡ
һֱĺѣû뵽־Ȼ
һңû˵仰ͿʼҶֶţȻҪҡ
ӵķŭָͷţס
ҵӣ߳ŭֻ֪㣬ĺȻ˵һܡ
һľǸ˵ܿ϶Ǹйϵģʵʲô
˵㲢ެģǱµıٰެ˸ɱģɱ㣬ΪҪõҡ
⡣˹ΪʲôһǸоͻĪķŭԭɱҵǰɡ
ŭˣȻĲ¸ʣָָĻԽԽҲܼ޸Ǹĺֻȥ㣬Һˮϵ֮
һۿʪˣǰŮӣĶ˼֣ǸŮӡ
ұΪˡǵܵظܼҵĶˣɱ֮󣬺Ҵŭʦ֪Ҫȥ㣬ԾͽҵĻǷӡڣҲתǵȵʱᡣ
һﶼɵķŭǼһһŨ̵µϣ޺޵˵Ĵүҽ쵹Ķֱе
Ժ󣬻־޽ĹҲǻ¸ɶˣ֮ûһ£ǺҲͻȻˣĸף֪ϲң԰һ𣬻ʱڼ£ȻҲʲô
Ǵһ֪üĿЩֵңôҲ벻ҵǰȻһĹˡ
Ҳ˵ʲôо˶֪ԼǰǰҲôģڲŷ֣֪ԼǰҲʲô̫õ顣
ǰĹɵ̾һȻʵô£
Ժĸ׻ҪԾʦɷǻĺµԾͽҵķӡĹײһ澵ӣǾӺҸ߲˶ԶǾʱܹҸӡ
̧ͷһǷڱӵ·סľӣղҾ͸о⾵Щ죬û뵽Ȼá
ǡһμҵʱΪʲôҪܣϵһμʱԴɽ֮̽Ҳ
ҸоϵϢеϤʱһǲȷ㵽ǲǶɣҵʱҲоʲôͣĴһȥֱߵʱҲ֪ҵĶɣҵ֮ȫĶ
˵꣬Ҳɵĳ̾˿ŮΪɱֱ˸ӡǧ꣬ʵ̫ȻҵǰϾйϵҶĹҵĸоҪȱ˸ӵĶࡣ
㡭ʲô㣿̽Ůʵ
ںѾҷڵķӡѾˣȥͶ̥תΪˣǲ֪ΪΣҵоȻЩᡣ
ֻŮ˶Цһ£Ȼߵҵĸǰ̧ĸҵӣû壬ʹҵĸ۾һգҲգңᡣ
ûôŮ˽ӴƽʱŮ˸һ۾ͻֽĶ˿ǸǰŮ˶ӣһҲûоñŤΪҵĸоԼһ
ҵĶѾڵظˣ㣬ȥͶ̥תͻֿҲ뿪ҵĶɣҪһ𡣡
ЩãȻ֪˵ЩʲôֻȻʵô
̫¶ҪҵĶɡĻո£ӾĿʼ䵭Ȼ󻯳һ׹⣬ವһ¾е档
ĹͻȻʧұһϽ̧Լе壬ܸоǸŮ˾档
屾ͽӨŮ˵ĻһȥȻйǻһ㡣
壬֪˵ʲôȥͶ̥棬飬ұϾǶˣҶٸоЩŤ
쿴ʱӽһָĹĹ餡
ȥֻʱ˻˻һᣬȻһѺɫĻҽ̾ȫĶ
ѾǧˣҪĻǱӡ棬ӦøˣڷӡѾĻ棬ʬҲͲܼȥ
ʱ˵һʲôоû뵽Ȼᾭ飬ҸоԴЩҡ
ʯͷߵԱߣһҵļû˵ʲôһﻰ٣ڸ֪ôȰҡ
ǼһҲ˹ҴͷŵĶϸĿһ飬˵ʶʿСүʱҾ֪Բͨˣû뵽ǰͷҲô󣬾Ȼиةĵ
һ˵꣬Ȼ̾һ˵ģҲ֪үϱʲôġ
ϱӿ϶ͷ䲻˵
Ǽһﱻ˵Щջ𣬲ĽҲþܴùһӻ֪֮ġ
ȻŭƨûһǺĹײһڣûʲô
壬оЩģǸŮ˾棬Ժһֱң뵽ͻȻЩůŵ˻档

ҸոսŻػǰͻȻһҽУҸһ
̧ͷȥֻҽеʱһŻɫĹâ֡
ŹȥֻԴͷǺײϵͭͭԭǱ·סˣ·ȴǼһ쿪ˣվǾӵ档
ھӷĻɫâ治ͣĲҽУӴ󺰵Ͻסˢ磡
ʱŵùǺϽ·澵ӸϽ˳
ʱɫ԰ף촽ϣղǾӶɵ˺СвɵľЩ֣˵⾵ӵʲôͷô˱յзӦ
ҸϽץסֱۣʵû£
ҡҡͷ˵û£ղŸоǱһ¡
Ȼ˵û£ҿɫҰףղſ϶ܣֵȴ۾ֻһ˫۾ͣضҸҶڶһ㡣
ʱǼһҲڹײߵǰͷˮ˵Ҳ٣Ǿʲôͷôôû°ɡ
ҡҡͷȻԼվʾû¡
滹Щ֣ǸͭйŹ֣ôһҲӰ죬⾵ô
뵽⣬ͻȻһӶԻ˲˺Ƕ˲УѵǸˣ
һʯͷֻҵ˵ͷҲ뵽һ㡣
Ȼһƣʯͷֵ˵ͷȻһ˵Ƕȥɣطۻĺܣǵҹõ㡣
ҵĻһﶼ˵ͷ½˳ȥֻҺʯͷ档
Զߵӵ棬ʯͷ˵ȥҿ·ҿ⾵ӶԻ˵ûӰ졣


190 ˻
ǺײľӾȻãҸо֣յ֮ı顣ҵɻ
ǰɽǸʬǣҸЩģ϶ʲôܡ
ʱҲźʯͷҪһǸͭ׶Իûá
ʯͷЩĵ˵棬ȥ
ҳ˰˵ûµģ㷴Ӧ죬һжѾӸϾˡ
ҵĻʯͷû˵ʲôǷ˹ײ棬СĽҿӵ·
ղž淢ĻɫâյĲͣĲҽУҿǿȻҹ򶨣⻹Щ¡
ҽĶ棬ֻʯͷһƿӵ·Ǿȴһ㷴ӦҲûУֵһᣬǾʲôӦҲûС
ʱѾ뷨⾵ֻһãǻ˻ˣ
Һʯͷʷǿ۵ˣҪʲô쳣Ļûеһ·ıֶһһҲ⣬˾Բˡ
ǻˣǰɽʬ˭澵ΪʲôзӦ⵽ôһ£
ͷˮʱʯͷڹײҲվҵԱߣʱ澵ûзӦ
أȥʱĹҿ̽һŴԴǸһ϶һ￴ûһȥۻˡ
˵˽ͿͭǸˣҺʯͷվھ档
Ҳ٣ҪˡղŻҵģһǺ
ҺʯͷѪҺЩ⣬ͭûзӦҶЩ¶ۣʱһ߹Ͻֺ⾵Ӹû⡣
Щ˵ĻҺʯͷһҲûУ̽ͷ̽ԣСĵ˹
һߵǰ̧ͷȥǾӻһ㶯ҲûУҵɫɵıѿ˵ҸʯͷѪҺ⡣⾵ӶûӦǸͨˣھҲûзӦǾֻһԭ⣡
һȻֵģҲǸˣҲˣͷ˵ѵģѽ
˵ͷ˵⾵Ȼ֪ʲôͷѹĹõģ˵ûпܶһӰ죬ղҾЩɣڹȻϡ
ʱͷϵıһһӷŵ˵Ͱһﱳûװ˺ö
ֻӽҷ֮ߵҸǰС˵ղһΪԼأڿʮа˾ġ
ӣҸϽʵʲô顣
ֻ˵Ǹղţյʱ㲻·סҾ·ȥǣʱҿžĶӰ
˵ʱϵ亹ˣұҲЩţϽʵ㿴ʲô
ʱżǾҲûϸֻƳһۣҿһѰ׻Ķһ˵Ĺͷӡ
˵˿ĭ˵ʱҾ͸ųһ亹ҲûΪԼۻˣҲû˵ղſûҾ;Щͷ
ӵĻҵ˵ͷȻ˶ǺĹײ棬һžһ顣
ͭ治֪Ϊûһ⼣յҲȽ˶ûʲô⡣
ֻˣȥԺҪעʯͷ˵
ʯͷĬĵ˵ͷɫȴЩ׵ʵʿСүǹѽ
ĻҲ֪ôشźãϸûаҸ˲ûзֱҺжôһ¡
˰죬ֻö˵Ҳ֪ҹӦǽ֮һ״̬
ҵĻӵһ˫۾ɵøȻһȫ޷һе˼ʵҲ㲻һ컹ҪʲôҸϽ˻֣˵ˣɣģȥҪעһ㡣
ҲûҶʣ˾߳˶Ѩ
ʱѾһѾһ˯ˣȫĵܵæ
ߵǰڵϣСʵû°ɣ
ҡҡͷ˵˯ˣҾʲôһ
ҵ˵ͷѹøЩʵûʲôķ֣
ǱӴˣӶ֪Ƿģ϶Ҳ֪ûбҪҴչͷȥ˵ǾֻһãǶû¡
ҵĻ˵ͷɫЩףһ졣
һҹ£ڶһ磬һͼ򵥵ʰһ£׼ǰһֱй۲ֻɫɲ԰ףҾȻЩķ࣬۾ͣɨŵ棬װʲô顣
˹ȥʵ磬û°ɣ
ҵһϽһ˵û£û£һҲûУ·ġ
˵û£ȻɣҲöʣֻǸղҽӽʱƺŵһɵĳζҲûзϡ
װ֮Ǽǰɽƽ̹ʮֵɣʱǵǰͳһƬ֡
ƬֲߴľʮֵĵͰߵҲңɽЩߴľֱ֮
ȥȻСʮֵïܣ洩оȻоЩѡ
˰죬ڴһ۵ʱȴͻȻҲ٣ˣôѽ


191 ʧ
챾úõģǴģġ滹ðŨŨ
Щ֪ʲôطðһƮ֣涼Է
Ҷѷߴϡʯͷǰ溰һ
һϽ˳ʱǰִһӣֻʯͷ˵̫󡣶Ӱϡɢˡ
ĻҸϽԼ˸ᣬȻ󴫸ӡ
ŨŨʯͷô죬ҪҪ˳ȥ
ѽҲʲôⶼѽʱӺһɤӡ
һͷһȻ˵һ˻ȥǰ߻ûʲô̫
ʱʯͷǰ溰ǰߣһﶼСһ㡣
ȻҾ;ӻζǰѾʼˣҸϽѷߴϣֻʱŵһɵĳζ
ɳζҵǰģҵǰ
ҲɵЩ֣˵׶ûϴˣôô
⵱ͷҲû̫࣬߾͸Ŵһǰߣڵһϵƣִⷽ߱ɢ÷
̫󡣻ʲôҲǰֻ׵Ҷ壬ֻܿɫӰҡΡ
ֵطһʲô͵ҰޣԴһߵĶǳСģҰľ˳棬СĵΧĶ
ûжãͻȻоЩԾΪǰӵ˵ϣ
ҸϽӣ˭֪ûӾѾͷˣͷԵǱõӸϵģ
ǶϵһӾɵˣǰΪʲôҪӸϡ
ЩʪȥоЩģҸϽӾٵǰֻͷմѪЩѪʣǿȥЩڡ
ûʱͻȻоԼĺ󱳱˸ײһ£һ°ҸһϽתһײҵĲǱˣӣ
㶵ңڴŷߣһֻ˸ƣ˼Ϊʲôˡ
ҸϽһժԼϵ֣ӺˣӸˣ
ҵĻҲһѳԼϵߣŵ˵Ǽһȥˣ
ôôܹȥˣֻҡҡͷʱҵıǿִһɳζ
ʱĳζȸղŵҪŨҺܶ࣬Ϊζϵ淢ģ
ѪЩ֣ѲղʲôˣղžǰҪʲôҲܲоǣӺǱõӸϵģֻ˲Ż
ѪоЩ죬ѪĻΪʲôôĳζǸ˺üʬ巢ĳ
أǼһһѣʵʿСүأ
Ļ濩һӣղŹˣȻûˣʱһѣҸϽǰ溰ɤӡ
˭֪ܾ֮ĵģһҲûУҲҵһ
һۣڽʱܹǲҲһ
ҺӶһۣΧȫŨûа취ȥʯͷǣֻмǰֻһֱ룬ôˣôͻͻȻʧأȥ
ʱֻʣҺˣǺ߶ˣԲһ˭֪ûȴͻȻͣ
ΪʲôϽľΧȥֻܰããĵģһ㶯ҲûС
أȴĳһҵ䣬Ȼָָϡ
˳ָȥֻʱǽµһ̲ںڵѪѪղ濴һģһ
ЩѪҸһʱ֣̲ɫѪĿһĶ
ҶһɵĵһֻǶȻһ⣡ϸܵëףȻһ⣡
⣬һѾͽ߸ղҺӾժȥЩŨûжʲôӰ죬ЩӦòж
⣡ָǿ˵
ӵ˵ͷҲժԼߣ˵֪⣬ǹؼ˭أ
һժҾ;һɶ˱ǣҸѬˣζڵϵѪʬ洫ġ
ŵɳζҵһϵʱҿʱŵĲҲζ
ŵζЩζһ˵
ҵĻӵҲˣǿ⣬ʵʿСү˵Ǽһﵽôѽһ·ӿһҲûʲôѽ
ҵ˵ͷһ·ʮֵҺʯͷҲûзʲô⡣Ǻײͭյ֮ԵЩһˡ
쵽ڣû˵һ仰ƺĶǣÿβ˭ֻҪһͻ룬ϵǹɳζ
⿴Ǵѽһ˵
ղҿʱѾϳһ˵Ĵ⣬ֻһ㱻ĺۼûУȥͬԼһ
ϵôܻԼѾˣϵ⿪ʼá
뵽⣬ҵ濩һӣϵĳϵĳԾʬ帯õʱ򷢳ĳζ
쳣а뵽ѲͷԼϵ⣬ԽŻԶ
ҾԴЩˣô£ΪʲôɽڻһһģһʬǣΪʲôײͭзӦΪʲôϻиõĳζǻ
ӽǿ˦һߣڲƤϲ˲ԼĿʵô죿
ʧǾŪҲҲҺӶû˰취ֻüǰߡ
ֻŨŨûжԶеЩΪԽǰߣҾ;ߵͶһ˿ɫǲͣǰߣҲԽԽŨ
Ҳ֪ðģ֪ھԲٽǰˣҪȻͻд鷳
֣ͣûۣЩиоʮֵ֣ʵô˵ʿСү
ǲԽԽûлشӣʵ
ҵĻӳĬһ£˵ͷ
ԽǰߣҲԽŨҾǰ϶ʲô
ô죬ҪǻȥɣһжϵķͶһ£Ͻ˵
̫Ҫԭ·ظͲܣҸоɢĶӦþǵǰָָ˵ƹȥ
ӵ˵ͷȻǼǰߣֵǣôߣҶоŨĶԽԽ
֪ˣһѾסӣȻһԼĽ£ֻµݶģԱ˲̤ĺۼЩݲǱ˲ȵãԼ
ԭôöԭشת
ʱҲɥ˵ʿСүǸô죿


192 
֪ô죬߲ȥҲǰ취Ҳջıһֿڣ̵ģ
˭֪Ҹո˵꣬ǼһһӾҸǰץҵ·ŵǰ˵ʿСү쿴ʲô
ұһ֪һ϶ʲô֣˳ָȥֻǰŨŨȻƮɫӰӡ
ЩɫӰŨһξͲˡҲûǵǸʲô֪ǿ϶Ǻö
ʲôѽʿСүӵɫףץҵ·ʵ
ҡҡͷղЩӰ̫죬ҸûüľЩǳģҶ˵Сһ㣬ҾЩΣա
ӵ˵ͷ˭֪ʱҵĺͻȻǱʲôץסһȻһʹ
һ°Ҹŵͷжҧң
͵һתȴʲôҲûпʱҵĺǶһʲôҵĺ治ͣ䶯
һŵһ⣬쵽ϣһץסһĶԼĺϳ
ҰںϳĶϣŷ֡ǾȻһСֱ۲֣нʮ׳ĺɫĴӡ
ճҺղҵץȥץһһǳĺ䣬ǣӵԴȻĳһ
ûж֮⣬۾ӺͶĺܣֻЩһСС棬˵Ĺ졣
ʱĺɫֳ汻ҸϣӲͣŤſͣһͬӤһĲҽУͷƤһķ顣
ſ棬Ҳ¶ɭ׵ݣ˵м񣬲ЩݶģȥĿֲ
ʱǺɫֳ治ͣĲҽУſͺ滹մһ˿˿ɫѪ֪϶ⶫղҧҵʱġ
ֻʱǳڵŤĸеĲҽҲԽԽ󣬹һȻڵһҲ
ΪⶫѾ˵ʱͷϵֻ۾ͻȻ˿ԹһۣҸĻ
ֵĳַһҽУͼͻȻˮһһӱøɱȻžһһźڻҡ
ĿһɫӰֳƮ˳ʧŨ档
ɫӰӣһ͵ϳӵʲôͷˣǶ棡
ʦ˵֮󲢲˵ĻǶµظһЩ֮ˣЩ˵Ļǲظֻε־⣬ֻܶؼĽ档
ЩĻԹܴǲЩĻͻḽһЩϣҪӵ壬Ƕ긽ڳγɵġ
ЩĻ֮ˣϵԹЩҲΪ׺ݡ
ǸղҸû˵棬ΪʲôܣڵϲͣĲҽУĪأ
üͷ˼һ£ȻղſѪ˿ҧұƤȵҵѪ
뵽ЩȻˣӺȹɽͷŧѪϵѪҺѾȻ˱仯ɽʱЩѪ𲻸ҿֻ벻ҵѪȻҲܿ档
ǶѾˣҲɵһȻתֻǼһͷŵϣ֪Щʲô
ҾͲɵľЩ֣ղұǶҧӾȻûа㷴Ӧһڸʲô
֣һѣʵʲôأ
˭֪ӵζûлһ£ûиоһ
׼ҪڶµʱӵͻȻһ
ĺ洫ģȥСĿһ˵Ĺ졣
ȻôһֵļһѧСЩЦȴһҲЦΪ֪ȻЩ֣ǾԲֵطѧСģӻˣ
뵽һ㣬ҵɫЩѿ˵һﵽôˣ
һĹȴ͵̧ͷһ˫۾ֱţȻһţҵĲӾ˹
ĽʱҾ;ӿܻ⣬ǰ׼ڿҸϽԱ߶˹ȥ
ʱֻ۾ûһɣֱģȥʮֵˣͣ΢΢ţǾȻͣѪ˿Ŀˮ
Ƴһ΢΢ſͣƺһںĶ
һǺںĶʹвãǶ棬һھȻܵӵ棬ڿ
Ҷ㿪ӵĿַСһֳ˹
ҺõǣһڱǶˣӦȽҺɵľܶ㿪
ҰĵĻĶ棬Ƕڿ϶ѾӵĶ棬׶ʲô
ڵӵİΣҲĴˣæԱһžͽӸˡ
ֻû뵽ǣǼһʵ̫ˣҵĽŲѹϡ
ӿвͣķЩֵСȻӲͣڵƺҪ
ҸϽһһӾﵽһϣĸѹϡ
Ҳ֪̫ôҿӵѾ̽ͷ
ﻹҳɣ˵һѾץסǶʹקš
סҲӣӵȥ
ʱѾˣоͣԼĶ棬ŵɫףͷϵ亹ֱ䡣
Ǹˣ֪ھڵһҲ
ץǶԴоץסһۿҪҵĿƣӶ档
һҲɵļˣһھͺݺݵҧԼ棬һɾʹͱҸҧˣЩЩȵѪˮʱ˳
溬Ѫˮ׼ӵ;ȥ
ҲǶӵĶ棬ûʲôð취ˣȻЩҵѪҺֻһˡ
ֻһھͽӸѪˮҺõǣвӵ棬մǶϡ
ҸոĶ淢һҽУҸоԼһɣһѾͽǶ˳
һʮף治֪ôһôӵ档
մѪҺҲɵЩģһûˣ
һѽǳӸ˵ϣⶫѾҵѪ絽ˣ˶೤ʱ䡣
ȻֻǶҸ֮󣬺һתۼһҲ嶼һѻңȻһɫĻڳƮŨ棬ҲӰ


193 ʧɢ
ʱҲͨһͷԵ˵ϣӹϺһ治ͣš
˺ôһͣҸϽߵǰֻڵɫ԰ף۾ʵʲô
һҲ󣬱굽Ȼûӣ϶ܡ
Ҽ򵥵˵һ£ʱӵɫˣϽյҸǰŵܣʵ治ᶼЩɣ
ղҾ͸оǰŨǰʮа˾žЩϳˣЩ棬ٶֿ죬䲻ĳҧһڣȷʵǸ鷳
ΪѪԵʣǲЩӿɾûа취֤Ҫ취С
ҳ˼һᣬȻ뵽Щ»ģһ·˲ٵĸ֦ǿɶϺõĲ
Ӹ󣬼˲ٸɲ񣬵һѣطЩ֣ô߶صԭأǸɴڻϢȵɢȥ˵
ұΪӦò˶þɢȥ˭ֱ֪ڣЩŨŨлͣĴ֨֨Ĺֽ
ҸĹǺҲ֪ʯͷܵʲôطȥˣҺӳɤӽ˰죬Χûа㷴Ӧ
óֻһѾϰ˵ˣǼһ￴Щ濪ʼʵʿСүЩôɢѽ
ͲͣĴˣ˵ЩҪǲɢĻѲҺӾ棿
ڿӵĵӣһǰο˵û£Ӧò˶þɢȥˡ
ӿһۣҾͿԿһﲢô˵ĻʱҲûʲô취
Ǽ򵥵ĳ˵㶫һֱôڻԱߣҲ֪˶ãҾԼѾʼˣͻȻӴһʿСү쿴ʼɢˣ
ұĴɤŸһǰһΧȻаɫΧƣЩŨѾϡ˲٣̧ͷȥ͸ѾܹĿнɫ
Ҳɵһ˵Ũɢȥˣóֻһʱ䣬ѾҪӽʮˡ
Һ־ĵһᣬЩȫʧ˵ʱŷ֣Ѿ߳ƬͰ֣һƬĲԭϡ
Һǰ棬Щɵ㶵վֻǰ治ԶĵطһԼ׸ߵ
泤˻ĲݣֻһۿȥҾ;·ŨŨ
ĪЩʱЩġ
Ȼߴ󣬿ȥۣܲȴҳ˾裬ΪôⶫһĹ
ӶһۣȻܿ˿˵ӦǸһСʱӦúܳˣķˮˣ濴󡣡
Ļҵ˵ͷĵ˵ȥˣ

ҺӲ֪ҪôʱͻȻǰȴĴһҽǲҽ෢ģֻ̫Զ̫ģǸ˭Ľ
һҽҺӼĲط֮⣬ﻹлˣ϶ʯͷǻ˷ģǵʲôΣա
Ȼǽֻһ£ǻܹģҺӸϽŪѣ׼ĵطȥ
ֵ磬ŪҪΪ˷ЩģҶӡ
ҽǰ洫ģҪǰķ߹Ǹ𣬲طҵĸоܲ뻹Ǿƹȥ
ҺƹǸһǰһţʱǸĻĲݴҲͣĴֵ֨֨ʲôڲͣĥһ
ŵͷ亹˵ЩˣʵʿСү浽׻жٳѽ˵ҪЩӶǿôѽ
ұһﷳĲУû˵治гӣнʬأСһ㣬࣬ҪҲȳ㡣
ʿСүҶɱˣղǳȥûҸҶ¡
ӵĻҲЦһǱǶŪӰ
໣
˭֪ʱһͻȻ
ϸ쳣ž͸в࣬Һŵòڵ治ɵİп࣬˵Ĳô׼ɣҸղŲ˵ġ
ʱӶҪˣ˵ʿСү׼˵ӻС
ŵãҲܣ㶵ֻǽ֮ʹһƵ
һŻĲݵͱȻһɫӰӾ˳
ϣȻɿǵǸʲôֻһںӰⶫһŵһŨصѪζ
ǺӰ֪һѾŴӣĽеѽ
ӱһǷӦ˹ֽһȾǰ塣
ղŵĲҽǰ洫ģʯͷʮа˾žǰ棬Ķ϶ǺöԸģǱҪϽʯͷǻϡ
ҲЩģŸղŵҽҲ֪ʯͷʲôΣա
Һǰ壬¶ǻĲݣĿİģٶȸͿ첻
һֻۣǶѾԽԽˣò˶þ׷ˡ
֪ܲˣӺһˣ׼ɰɣ
ȻǶųӰҪƴĹͷһһҲĻѲ嵽ϣóǰѴ󿳵
ʱǵӰҲѾ嵽Ǹǰ׵ľͣܵʱͷһۣⶫ׷ǵʱ򲢲һܣһһģؽڸûл
ѲǸʬ
ǵ嵽ǸǰʱҺӶɵĵһ
ֻⶫǸΣȴһҲӣΪͷţȫ˶ĵĶ档
Щһ޴ĺɫһմǹϣһڲͣ䶯ϲͣµ˶ĵճҺ
ұЩŵõһӸղű굽棬ӰڿôĶ棬ŵˣһҸģôô࣡
ЩǹȫȥӦаٶֻҡ
ֻЩһĶŲǣзСһĽҺӶɵĻֱƤ

ʱͻȻִһĲҽУҺӵעڶǹͶϣ䲻Ľŵͷˡ
ʱѾˣҺӶǳϤĽ
ȥ˾治ͣĴģ˵ôˣڸ
ǱĽŪû׵ʱֻЩ滩ľǹҺӳ˹


194 ʬ
Щٶȿһɫ磬ǳҺͻˡ
ϵѪҺ⣬Щ⣬Ӳѽ
ҸϽܵӵǰסȻеѣ
ҵĻӲǷӦңŻѲͣкЩѾŽΧס
ʱлѣЩӲмֻѾҵϣȻҧһ֮ˤڵϣȥһᱻЩӸҧ
ʱҲǼˣһֽԼͷҧƣȻȡˮһˮˮϡͿѪܾ˹ȥ
Щ̫࣬ҪֻѪǣƲҧҲʧѪࡣ
Ҳ֪ҵѪ쵽ˮЩûãҲƴһѡ
û뵽ǣҵѪЩþȻʮֵԣȻѪѾˮϡ˲٣һȥϵĶͷһҲʣµĻľ˹ȥ
һţʱͷ滹ѪϽֹ˼ˮ絽ΧĵϣֹЩٳ
Ҳͣŵʱȴǳһҵ䣬Щ˵ʿСү㿴㿴ʲô⡣
ӵҪ޳ˣʱȻΣղЩ棬ǰЩĶ
̧ͷǰȥֻǵǰվһߴӰһ˵ӣֻûдһ·ӣƤǺɫġ
˱ϺǰýɫϸһֵͼͼȥЩԣǸԵǰҲûм
֪ⶫǻʮа˾ǸʬҺãγʱҴŴģⶫڿڴͳһŴףӵ档
Բ֪ŴܹƽʬҸһŴףһӾɵˣ˵ʿСүѽⶼʲôʱˣҴ׸ʲôɽҰҲû취ѽ
ұһĲһѪ˳û˵ŴףƽʬģǽʬһҪǳͰŴϡ
û뵽Ŵ׾ȻôãӸϽ˫¶һԼҲͳһѣ߬档
ʱֻǸӵĽʬͻȻ̧ͷϵ¹ⷢһĳХҵӻ亹ֱð󱳵·ʪˡ
ֻ⽩ʬĽʱЩҵѪˮ絽ģڵϵĶ϶۵һ죬ȻһɫӰ괫ǽʬȥ뵽ڡ
Ȼǽʬͷ˹һ˫۾ȻķɫĹâ
һ⽩ʬһ˫۾ҵͿһӣп࣬˵ǵѪùˣⶫѾǼ򵥵Ľʬˣʬˣ
ʬԷֳɰ׽ڽͷɽǴҶ֪ģȴǷɽʬɣ
ʬʱˣͻʬɣʬɵ֪һĽʬ٣˵ȺͻƵ۴սӦĻƵ۵Ůһֻɣ
Ȼеʬɶ˵лƵ۵ŮǾԴ򲻹ģ
һһŴ׾˳ȥŤͷһӣؽеܰɣʬɣǲ𣡡
û뵽ҾȻ˵ܾܣһﷴӦҲ죬ֻһ£Ҿ
һܣЩ͸һľں׷ʱҵͷѪϽ˼ˮ˹ȥЩɵҵѪҺһʱҲٳ塣
ǻûüһǵʬɾѾˣֱֱֻǰһһӾȻԶЩҲϡ
ȶ涼ϣʬҺ׷˹ٶ̫죬ȻҺǰ壬֮ľҲѾԽԽˡ
治ɵİп࣬ۿʬɾҪ嵽ҵıڿڴͳһŴףͷľ˹ȥ
һεŴȫϣֻʬɵӶһ£һҽУûüˣವһҾ˹ٶȿľˣղǱҸˡ
ʱ֪Ѿܲˣⶫٶ̫ˣҪ׷ǺɣƽҺӾͽˡ
Σʱ̣ʯͷǰһʯͷң
ǰ澲ĵģûһҸоѪζѾԽԽŨ֪ǶѾ󣬴һ͵תӣһ˹ȥ
˭֪һոתͱʬһӸؿ棬۵Ҳ㱳ȥӳźͷ˳ȥ
һӾҵϣֱӰҵڵϣʱʬҲѾ˹
ӵıϣؿըһۿʬɵԽԽ
ҲڵɫָҲǺɫģָֻɫҺɣһӾɵĲҵؿ档
ұһƸѾûһܣֻĿЩͬһָԼԽԽ
ѵģȥɣʱѹµӹֽһһҵڵϵľʬɵƾʹ˹ȥ
ľרʬȻкܸߣһӱľģ͵ذָ˻ȥ
ʱƥһҾͳǰ˳ȥ
ʬƺӸˣһֽУһҵͷץ˹
ڵŵģٶȸͲ죬ʬһԾѾҵͷҾͻᱻⶫԴץơ
ۿʬɵĴҵͷԽԽҵѾ׵ľˣ˵ԼҪطˡ
˭֪ҪͷһŰɫĹâͻȻҵؿð˳Ű׹һǸʬɾһֽУź˹ȥ
ֵ֣ҵûһ쳣ǸղǵɫĹâôһ£
ͷˮʱҸоԼؿЩ΢΢һǿ壬ǿװĹ߹ǵ壡ѵ
ɻʱʬҲѾ˵ϣֱңһŭĺС
ʱؿڵİ׹ǿңȻһɫӰؿڳ˳ڵϣҺʬɵĸǰľǸĹĻǡ
ʱӷ˸ҸˤϣȻŵʵʿСүû£
ҡҡͷֻǽĶǰĹʱҲǸŮˣ˵Ķˣ˵ʿСүţѽҪʱóһΪء
û뵽һͷôƶһŵĳ嶯Ҳô
ȻĹĹˣһǸеʮֵĵģΪʬɲͨĹǹܴܲ˵أ


195 Ӱ
Ȼںܺ£ǻ֪ĹĹ򲻴ùʬɣǲûܡ
ֻʬ˵棬һ˫ðŽ۾ĶĹȻſڷһŭ
ʬɸոһУĻ́˫ֻۣ·ϵһӷɿı䳤һ৵һͽʬɸĲ
ĹӲסʬԵüΪŭͣķŭĺУֻ͵һ˿˿ɫϲͣð˳Ȼ˫͵һ̧һӾͽĹϵӸ˺ķ顣
ɫӻһɫĹ㣬Ȼɢҹ֮С
ʬվԭһҲûж˫ָ߸ߵľţʹţĺУһͬһʬɵð˳Ĺ׷˹ȥ
ĹƺʬɿзĺΪļɵһǶ׷˹Ʈ
ǵͬһͣ׷ᡣ
ҺӶֱˣ£ǸͲ岻֣
ֻǵͣ׷ĹȻٶȺܿ죬ǵٶȸ죬һĹһҽУѾǺ
ɫסĹвͣطһĲҽУȻ۵ǿҲסˣһľͳȥ
ɫסĹӣͷһͷһͣĹȥ
ʹģ治ɵʹһеľȥ
˭֪һȥ͸ڿһǵûаá
ֻĹĽԽвɵðŭץһѷֽ嵽ľ棬һָľһƣ
Щڽķֽ۵һ죬һӾʱҲ˽һǵȥ
һǵһ͸룬ĹһͷɢӰŮҲɡ
һʱһԵȴǶҷһ󺰣Сģ
֪ԣǻûüӦ͸оԼһžǱʲôסһһҲá
ҵͷһֻԼӴʱʬɿзĺɫ˸ʵʵ
ⶫҿһأû뵽ʣµȴǶҷ˹
ҸоϱյĺۣǺɫһסҶɵЩ
ҸоɫһڲͣıյѾʼϵĹͷǰǰɵ
ʱҾԼҪ군ˣû뵽ȻᱻʬɸԲϲ
ʱҲˣһ󺰾ҪңոһʬϵĶ滩һӾͳĽӸΧסˡ
ﻹߣŵվԭأֻѲͣЩĳӡ
ҸоԼԴʼΣҲʼеģˣʱҶ洫һŮӵĺȻһɫӰʬɳ˹ȥĹ
ûг嵽ʬɸǰͼʬɶ˻֣źɫϷɳһӾͻĹĲҽŵ˳ȥ
ʱȫˣ֪Լǽˡ
˭֪ҪĹͷҵĶͻȻһŭĺУȻִһ죬סҵĺɫһӾɿˡ
ͨһӾˤ˵ϣʱһĹͷ۵ĸһûа취ֱӣֻǰ治ͣĴʲôڲͣĴһлʬɲͣĲҽС
ҵڵϴ˰žú˺ܶ࣬ڵһ̧ͷͿǰվһɫӰĹ
еңҪֹңֻһ꣬ҵӡ
뵽Ů˸ղŷܲľңʮֵĸжЦЦʾԼû£õġ
ʱǰɲͣĴʬɵŭƵҸϽ̧ͷǰȥ
ֻһӰڲͣĸʬŤһʬɵж֪ģû뵽ǵӰھȻܸѷ֣
һʼΪʯͷأǿΣʯͷȻãҲܸʬӲӲк˵˭ֻǲˣ
ʬɱӰ˲סϵĶƺҲܵʲôӣͷӰ˹ȥ
ֻӰĶĳ棬ǻûпЩӾͱһֻֻĳΣ涪˹
ʱʬַһУֻЩƮһɫС㣬ʬɾƮ˹ȥ
ЩƮĺڵǵ꣬Ǹʬƺܹҷ֣ƺÿ̵һֻ꣬ʬɾͱǿ˼֡
ЩӰһֻֻĳƬҪʬɰЩĻǶɵˣж
Ҵһãʬɶ꣡
ӿһۣε˵ʿСүû취ѽ
Ҹղűʬɲ۵ĸվֲڸûа취ȥֹʬɡ
ĿЩ곯ʬɷɹȥʱֻߵĹĻǷһХӾƮǰµŮһһӾƮЩʬɵм䡣
Һ㶵֪Ҫʲô
ֻĹ˫һӣɫһŴһſЩĶĻȫװ˽ȥ
ЩĻһ뵽Ҳûа㶯Ȼٵʧ
ЩΣҲɵĿɿڴĹȻǰʲôĻǱϾǧ꣬ԸЩ滹ǿԵġ
ҲɵһתͷʬɺǸһӰ˹ȥ
ѾеԶȻǸͿǸӰʲô
ӦǸ˰ɣϴ·ءüͷ˵
ҸղҲˣǵӰȷʵǴ·ģȻòҿȴޱȵϤ
ʿСүҪҪ·ѽСʵ
ʬɺǸӰһţȷʵĺûᣬʱܺܲӦΪǺӰ֪ܴܲĹʬء
治ס尾ʱͻȻĲݴ洫
Ͳɵİп࣬˵һʬɾ͹ԸˣѲɻʲô
ҺӸϽͷȥֻٵ߹ɫӰ
ЩӰӸһһѽҸ˼棬ܵҪܡ
ſļͷϣϽȵȣԾ


196 
ҵһ£ʵʲôԾ
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ǺһӰȻϵģǵòЩӰҿŶʮֵϤ
𣡡ź溰һɤӡ
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ǴĻȣǻǸϽ·ɡͱ˵ʱǽ
˭֪һﶼû˵ȴһӾվ˵УܶҸ磡
ûͷûԵһ仰һסˣҲֵʵʲôѽʱԼӣҲ֪ܵȥˡ
ȴĲµʲôתͷʯͷֻʯͷҵ˵ͷָǰ˵Ǿ硣
ȻĲµһ㣬ʯͷ˵һǲɵĴһֻǸʵͽôܻô
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ͷˮʱһȴͻȻˣ˾
ʯͷ˵Եúܹ죬Ϊֵʱģһȫ·ֻ۾¶档
ʯͷûпҺӣ治ɵĸеȥȥ˭֪ȴʲôҲû˵ֻʯͷǡ
ʱŨѾʼֲٵĶ棬ֻʯͷоֵǣЩٶȻ죬ǻҪĶ࣬һ·ϲ֪жٶ汻롣
ŪôͻȻô涼ʣǲôʣһԲֻǳĬĴǰߡ
ߵڣҷѾ߳Ƭ֣ŨҲѾɢȥˣǰȺɽ֮µһƬƽ̹Ĳԭ
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ԼʱŵùֽһźȾܣʯͷҲŵ˼
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ɽ֮ǰһѪĴˣǸͬͬס˼죬һҾԿԱ֤ΪʲôĪĸأ
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ĿзٺٵĿЦȻ˵ʵˣֻԼ֪ѣϱǸһգҾͼе飬ˣѾˡ
ʱһﶼͷˮʯͷҪ˭֪ԶȴͻȻһУ˶һ
ʱ㣬ʱҺҲպ֣߳ĽӦþʬɷġ
ȻûжãҵĽһʯͷҲסˣǵķͳ˹
ȴҪĶ࣬ԲŻʬɵָʬɴһš
⣬ҾЩԴЩңǲǸʲôҵģǲܰԼ·
ȥʯͷ˵Ȼĺڵǰ˹ȥ
̫Сĵ㣡ʯͷ
ʯͷͷҵ˵ͷȻһǰ˹ȥ
ʬɵս̫ңٶȿĳ棬ʯͷȻߵ˸ǰһʱҲ岻ȥֻ֣Աһ㣬һԶš
ڣʯͷһյһеĺڵʬɵԴȥ
ʬɵĶ̫죬һͶʯͷĹ־ؿ˹
ʱѾˣֻаѺڵؿڣӲʬɵһơ
һУʯͷӾͬߵķһźˤ˳ڲݵϹ˼Ȧ
ʬɺѾһеּأͲܹͨסģҿʯͷӰЩҡεڲݴվϽû£
ʯͷ˰֣ʾԼû£ղһ£ҲóȻˡ
ʬһƽʯͷķɵĿռ䣬ͻȻһ󺰡
ȻӾ͸߸ߵԾһžʬɵԴǾ˵һһžߵ֮ͭһ
ʬɱһԴź˼вͣطŭĺУȻצǰ˹
ֻӸոһĹҲһХȻֱһֻֻӷɿı䳤ʬɵؿھʹ˹ȥ
ҸղžѾˣĹЩ֮ЩһˣʲôطһҲ˵ܸоϵƺŨ˼֡
ʱҪǰʬһӣƺΪļɵһֽУźҪߡ
ѾˣֻӾһವһͽĽʵʵ


197 Ůʯ
ĹһʬɵϣͷһĺУҿ͵һƺϴһӸϡ
һȴһ㶯ҲûС
˻ᣬڵϵһߵʬɵؿϣߵź˳ȥ
ʯͷһ㵶ȻԼĺڵ
ڵľһֻӣһѽӹʯͷĺڵʼʬɱܣĸǰеĺڵͷͿȥ
һ죬һͿʬɵԴ棬ֻڵʬɵԴȻһǡ
ǲɵĴһʯͷǰѺڵжһ֪ģû뵽ʬɵԴȻôӲ
ͷϺݺݵİһʬƺΪջǷһҽУȻͿ¿ʼⲻͣðɫϢ
ЩɫϢðʬɵҲʼͣĲ
ľʲôõҪ
ڵڲͣľʯͷĺڵһµʬɵԴк˿һĻ֮⣬ûʲôʵԵ˺
ڣʬɵĺֹͣȻһУĹڱˡ
ֻʬһɣžʹһǰһ塣
ʱ棬һʬһ۵һֱӴ͸ţֱ͸ضĺ̽˳
Ȼʬɵ־͸߸ߵľӱֱ֮ϡ
Ȼ̸ʲô飬ӼɽڵǾʬ֮ҶһֹĸоڿΪ˾Ҷʬɸ͸ضлǳ˷ŭڵǰȥ
ʯͷʱҲһУʬɾͳ˹ȥ
֮ģȻʬɸһӴ͸ţֱϣȴûоʹȥ
ֻ˫һݺݵĲȵʬɵļ棬Ȼһ󷭣ʬϷ˲ݵϡ
ʱǸոճ嵽ǰһĻһȫסˡ
ֻһڼѾһûƤ⣬¶ɭɭĹͷȥȵĶҪˡ
ʱؿһѪʬɸղֱ۸ģڲͣѪҺһ紵ŵϴһɳǸõζ
ŵζвɵİԾ˵ŲһĹôḯõ̶ȣ
ʱʬҲûжվԭأҷָղƮ˿˿ɫȥ˫۾ڿȥƺȸղŰ˲٣ղĹȻûҲ˲ٵ
߰ӰһĹվҺʬɵĸǰŮʳЩ֮Եı仯ϵһʼ֪ҪŨ˶١
ЩĻ꣬ʬɺĹ˵Ǵ֮Щ궼ĹʳˣűǿʬɶЩɵ
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ǱǰľŪĿɿڴʱԱȴǴһ
תͷһֻѾ˲ݴ֮С
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һߵĸǰҾͲ㱻ϴĶѬˡ
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ҵĻЦһ£Ȼ˵ӦñҸ֪ʵˣǾʬǾҵġ
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˵ʱͣŬһ㡣
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ҵĻ˵ͷ˵һʯͷһεģɫʯͷϵʿ˵ʲôŮʯ
⣬˶סˣŮʯϤ˵طһеΪǿŮʯ
ŮʯĹ𣿶溣˵Σ˵ǿʯͷǺɫģôðһɫŮʯ⵽ôһ£
ǶϢ𾪵Ĳ֪˵ʲôʱȴǲͣѪҲ֪Լʱ䲻ˣȻٵ˵
ϵʿ֮˵ҵǱǿɫʯͷƵģϻһЩ仯Ȼ˵ȻŸһǧܱյˡ
˵˺ܶ࣬ƺҲûдҼסҾͱˣʱѾɽ棬ɽ淢һҲȫˣֻǵԼɽ·ȻԺ˳


198 ɫ
˵һͷʣһеĻôܸǣ
ƺҵеʣЦһ£Ȼ˵澵ӣұյ֮ͼ顣
⣬ţǣôпԶҲҲ
̾һǵ򵼣һνɽ棬һлע顣
澵յҾѾԼ˱仯һһĸáɳƣǻֱƤ
ֲһŵζԭڸá
Ҫˣɩӣչ˺úӡͷתĵܵȥͷһᣬҲûϢ
һԵޣʬ壬˵˵ʲôоӦˣƫƫӵһ壬һô꣬Ǹϵʿʲôͷ˵ǸŮʯôһ£
ʱɢĳζӵŨң˼ֻۿɼٶڿٵĸãûãȻֻʣһ̲ŧˮ
ʱʬɺĹѷָ£ȥæûֻͳǹʬ˼ǹ
Ȼӵʬɵֻ˼ǣǰֱУʱĹһβʬɵϣʵʵĲ
һסʬɣĹͷǽһʲôǴһﶼסˣΪǸֻ֪ܽ
ǿǹŲ˶õġϽǷ
⻰ҲɵĿЦһʬӵ򲻽ȥôܿĶղһʮⶫû£ֱӲ
ڴһûʱͻȻһľͳ˹ȥ
ʯͷǰܣһҺа취𣿡
˵ͷͨĵ˲ʬɣҿǻģȻ֪ܲãҲֻһˡ
һţһľݺݵԼһȻľԼ˿ϲͣĲţľȾԼѪ
Ȼڿڴͳһѷֽ嵽ľ棬һܿһ߲ͣȵʬɵĸǰʱҿдһ߸ߵԾ
ֻľķֽ۵һԼȼͿĨľѪҲһ㣬ʱľȥȻ嶼ͨɫһպһ
˫ֽס׼ʬɵĿڣһľͲ˽ȥ
ľʹ죬ǽպˮһʬҲͣķһʹĺС
ҸоһľӣȻЩ
ʱﻹҴ⣬ҧþȫ˫Žǰݺݵľ˹ȥ
ֻʬɵĽӵĲңȻҸоһᣬϴ۵һľ͸ʬɵš
ʱʬǴһȻ͵һĹϵĳһӾͱƬƬƬĹҲһʹ
һ嵽ʬϵʱҾͷⶫķˣľŵʱҾѾ֣תܡ
ҿҶÿ죬ֻʬһѿƣҾץ˹ֻץҺϵ·ŵҳһ亹
ǰ˼ʬȻڴУǲû׷Ҳɵ˿Ͻͷȥ
ֻʬǷһͣԭرţзһĲҽûжãʬһӾͰһҲȻһᣬͨһˤ˲ݵϡ
ȻⶫˤˣǴһ˭ҲðȻȥǶ㵽ԶԶģ
һᣬʬˤĲݴͻȻɳɳ죬ǵ۾ݴȥֻʬɵϲͣðһɫͬһЩһʼڲͣزûжãȻһӾ˷ɢ˿
Σ֪ʬѾ׵ķˣһĴɢɢΡ
ʱĹͻȻһХ廯һ׹⣬嵽ʬɵصĵط
ֻĹſ˫֣ЩʬðһɫĻٻһ㣬ɿӿ˹ȥȻȫ뵽档
ڸʱĿɿڴʵ
ȡʬɵ꣬ҪǿԼҵȻܹĹڸʲôȴɵЩģʬڵĻ̫࣬ҲǿĹһӶ˽ȥҲ֪ܲܶס
˴ʮӣʬɵҲûĻðˣĹʱƮǸǰ
ֻ¶͸źɫ֪յʬɵɵģɵЩţܿסʬɵĻ꣬ơ
Ҹ˵ЩʲôĹȴҡҡͷȻӻһ׹⣬뵽˹ǰ档
ʬɵصĵطȻһҲǴһ˭ҲҹȥԶ˵㣬˸ѣһ췢е࣬һ˭Ҳ˯š
ҵǲѾϵʬɣǰ˵ܣΪʲôðһŮʯѲŮʯĹ棬ĵط
һʯͷʯͷҲһۣȻҲ֣ӸôãҲ֪Ůʯ飬ڵ۾ʵʿСүŮʯмѽ
һ£ûҪôشû뵽ȴȿˣֻ˵Ůʯֻһ飬顣
Ļ˶;ŮЩ֣϶ʲô飬û뵽ھȻ˵Ůʯ顣
Ů洲죬õʯҲɫͬʯͷһŮʯŮʯɫֱǣ죬ƣףࡣ
⣬ȻȻеʮֵ𺳣ɾЩԾΪ˵ŮʯɫֱǺ죬ƣף࣬溣綼˵ĹŮʯǺɫģ⵽ôһ£
ЩŮ˺ܴҵ֪ʲôȻ˵ĹǿŮʯǺɫģɫģֻɫ̫ϸĻɫĲ׷ֱ档
ҵ˵ͷȴӵ֣ŮΪʲô֪ô࣬еĲ͸Ĺı̫죬ǵʲôĿģ
Ϊʲô֪ôࣿž۾ʵ
һۣЦһ£ȻͻȻ˵ΪЩҸ׸ҵģҵĲǸ顣
һﶼͷˮ˵㸸׸ߵ㣬㲮Ǹʲôϵ
ͷӦ˹ɴ۾ʵ˵㲮Ǹ飡
˵ͷȻ˵ǵģһձ˵ĺ顣


199 é
˵꣬һͶŵȥһѼ
ֻЦһ£ֽ˵ҸҲ֪Ѿ˺飬ֱе·ϲŸ˸һУһøװ
߸ףĹĶһŮʯŮ洲Ĵ˵пܲڣĴʯͷ
˵вɵЩ֣Ȼʵձô֪Щģ
ձйõ˺ܶŴףЩ淢˴˵Ůʯܣ֪еһ飬Ĺ档ֻձսܣйһֱûлõǿʯͷԲŻҲͺӣȥѰŮʯ
ʯͷһֻۣʯͷͷĬ֪Щʲô֪鲢ûô򵥣û뵽Ȼôܡ
ʱʯͷ˵ʱҲ߸ףڵǸز滹ڼ飬ǵһ쵼
ǺСԪ𣿡һ溣˵ǸƭܵĺСԪʵ
˭֪ȴҡҡͷ˵Ҳ˵Ǹն
˵⣬ҲüͷŪøӵ˷ˣǺСԪձһģôڿĿصˡ
ֻЩֵǣǺСԪһձһյĿľǿŮʯôʱȥˣΪʲôûһνĹǿŮʯأ
ƺҵʣ˵ͷȻ˵ΪôЩ˶ΪŮʯǶڲͣѰ󴸡
ҵ˵ͷʦĹ֮ΪŮʯܣ϶ɢŮʯѾˡ
Щձ֪ŮʯҲͺǵձȥġ
֪ΪʲôҪȥЩֵʵĲֲǰ׳գȻձ˿ܸܶǮƣ֪ǮҲԸѽ
ץҵĲĸ֡˵
ҲףΪʲôᱳѹңԼİΣҲҪǽĹ棬ԭǱձźв˵Դֻ̾Ϣһ
СձҪЩʯͷʲôҲӵʣžʵ
ձ˸Ҳǵϵ֪Ҳֻ֪࣬ģձʦ
ձԴййһձʦЩһѾĻҪȡŮʯ϶ʲôı
Ůʯ̫죬ѵЩСձܹŮʯ
ЩձյĿҪŮʯõ֣ȻͽźЩձ˵ϣҲûа취顣
Ǻأ㲮ȥҽʵ
ʱ˸֮󣬸ҲͣȰȥûа취ֻһ·϶ʦõŮʯҪȥץס͵Ϯû뵽ʦ̫»ܸҲƴ˸ܾˡ
Ҳȷ͵Ϯʦ֣ҪŮʯĹȻǾĲ
أž۾ʵ
Ҹ״ŲҪɽǲȴȻʧˣ۸ôҲҲ
׳ɽԺ󵽴ѰЩ˲źͺӵձˣҲҲĻ䣬ȥҲûл
ʱѾȫ˵ˣһĬ˵ܣ˵ŮʯĻôȻǿʯͷǺɫŮʯˣֻǸϵʿʲôˣΪʲôǿŮʯ
еЩձûõŮʯѲɾˣձ˵֪Ůʯܣڸ
ЩȫͷҲȥ룬̧ͷһ۾ȻʵλعΪʲô
Цһ£Ȼ˵ôЩһֱⲮȥһĲԿ˸׵ռ֮ҾҪĹһˣҪ֪굽û
˵꣬ҵ˵ͷǿʯͷĹ棬Ǿ˵ĲûлȥʯͷȡߣôôЩȥأѲɱʦ֮Ѿˣ
һҹ˭Ҳû˯ţһֱȵʱӼ飬ʬɵʬ嶪˹ȥҵǶϣһ㷴ӦҲûС
ǰ죬ʬɾǻҲҳԴһﶼһߵ˸ǰ
һֻʬûģƤⶼڹͷ棬Ѿûһˮ֣һ߿ֲĸʬ
ؿȥֻʬɵؿǹͼýۻһһâǵͼ
ýŰӸ˹ʬȻߴ󣬿Ѿ˸ʬûж
һ֮ҷıҲֵͼΣֻͼδһﶼûмҲҡҡͷ˵ӦһͼڣҲǺ
֪Ǿ͸Ӳˣֻա
һ򵥵ĳ˵㶫׼ǰѾһ̲ŧˮĵĿɤӣȻһǰߡ
ǽһƬĲԭ泤˵ϥǵ̲ݣҲǵ˴ԭһ
ȥֻܶȺɽƣƬԭǱȺɽµһƬƽԭѡ
ǳ̫һҲѱϡ
ǸͲ֪Ǵ˵еʲôطֻ溣ǵżªĵͼֻһֱߡ
⼸ʬĶԷԽԽƵжͣżüͷǰ棬һµĲݸ˵ģطôҪǣȥҹҪˣٶҪˡ
ҵҲǺܺãйĻҲûȥοֻǰʯͷعͷǼᶨ˵һҵġ
ᶨ۾ҵʱֳġ
һ·һϢƬ̣ҾԼؿЩ΢΢ǿ壡
ҸϽǿ島˳õһֻԭ֬ȻĸֳһĨɫϢı
֪Ĺڿ϶ЩʬɵĻֻֻ꣬ǲ֪ܸܲĶϾЩĻ̫࣡
Щģʱȴվһ棬ͻȻָǰ棬Ǵĺ쿴طзӣ
ĻһϽڵ˹ȥ
вɵİ֣˵طû˽ôܻзأ
ߵӸǰ˳ָǰȥĿǰǴԼصĵطһͰéݷ
ǷʮֵļªͰҪһۼ治׷ֻ֣ͷ̲ס֣ʲôˣȻ


200 ʹ
طƤɽҪΣգһ˸߲طôéأѲطסɣ
éֻһ䣬ԶԶȥֻܿéݵݶΪļª
ģʺĵط𣿡ЩԾ˵
ȹȥ˵ɡһｨ
ҵĻҶ˵ͷû顣
éݵķ˹ȥֵֻطͻȻһéݣԵЩ죬ԽӽǼéݣһҲԽСġ
ǼéǲأûжãǾѾؿȫòˡ
ֻǼ䷿ӵıڶģéǣҲ֪Ϊʱ䳤˻ʲôԭСӵǿⷿϵéûʣ¶٣ǽҲкü󶴡
һľţľţҲһ󶴣ҶڻЩںĶ
ҸҪǰʯͷȴͻȻֱסң˵ȵȣЩԾ
֣ʵĵطԾ
Ǳ˴ƵģЩɫĶѪʯͷûüش𣬾ȴվߣǣüͷ˵
һѣϸĹ۲һϵƶʲôӲҳģҶڵĺɫѪҺֻЩѪҺЩͷˣѾ棬÷ڡ
ӻһӾͰĴ󿳵ڱ˳˵ʲôѽ鷳һĽң治ỹʲôɡ
һﶼûʯͷҲԼĺڵ˳˸ƣվԭر𶯣ȻһԾſڣһźݺݵľȥ
ľҲ֪жˣ͸಻ʯͷһȥľžͱķѣɢһء
űʯͷãǶŵ棬ͳǹҪʲôŮ˿϶ڵһʱ俪ǹ
ǳϵǣű߿˻ҳͣƮ֮⣬Ҳûа㶯
ʯͷһ߽˷䣬˵û£ûΣա
Ļһﶼһ½˽ȥ
ֻһŰʻһ֮⣬ҲûʲôĶĽһéݣطסǶéݿܾǵõġ
Ȼаʺӣȴɢ˵ϣӣΪʱ˸£ҳһ
ҷַĵϻһںĶ뷢ʣʯͷȿˣֻ˵һˡ
ǶһϽΧȥⷿı涼Ǵ󶴣Թ߲谵ǿʮֵŵһµˡ
ֻ˾ڵϣ¶һѾΣûһˮ֣һ˿־ĸʬ
ԵǸˣϴһɫɽַװڸû˴ӦʮʮǰС
ע⵽˵ؿһڣҵϺ·涼Ѫֻʱ䳤ˣЩѪɺɫĿ״
ؿڵ˿ڱƽӦǱһȥµģһʮֵĵ꣬λ˵棬һ࣬ǰ
쿴ǽϣʱͻȻ
̧ͷǽȥֻⷿǽ֮ϵһĻۣЩۺǱģЩ۵ǳСһǺܶģǽϵЩ󶴣濴ۣ濴ǱӲҳġ
ǽϵһĻۣжɵ𾪣ط϶һսֻûа취֪Щʲôġ
е㲻ԾڴǽڵʱʷȴͻȻ˵
ǶֻüͷĶǰ˿ڡ
ЩֵʵﲻԾ
ʷû˵Ұľֻýǰ˿ڴ·ȻһһĽ¸ˡ
ˣ㻹˼ҵ·˸ʲôӱʷŪͷˮ˵
ʷȴûһһĽ˵·ˡ
ʱҲЩԾΪ洩ŵɽϺͨǼ·ȴԵϺõ˿ɵģ
һ洩ͨ·ˣô洩ôһ˿·е㲻ϳѵɽֻεģ
ǰһѪϵ·͸ˣǼ·ɫǻֱʷľ·ӣǲŷ֣洩һɫ˿
Ǹӵ֣˵˵ʲôͷô·ôŹ֣Ҫ֪һ˿ĳŵҲˣοʮʮǰ
ϣϻбʱȴǰһȻһһѾ˵䳶һʲô
ȥֻһ̳ɵİƴС壬Ϻܲ屻ϵ˷䣬Ҫʷ¸ǻ淢ֲˡ
Ǹоֵȴǿ״
ֻеǿȻһߵ״ֻǹǣ߲һԴĲȻһȦͷЩͷţĿ¶׹⣬ȥֲ
ӣвɵĸе֣ΪʯԵĶϲΪ˼Ĳ塢̵ĶһЩԢ⼪޻߶ôһ壬һôԴĹߣ
һߡˣģа˸Դѽǿ壬ϸһͷ˵
һ˵а˿ԴһʲôȴôҲ˵
ʱ򣬾ȴеǸ忪˵ձİ᪴ߡ
ĻлȻֲøղһ˵а˿ԴҾЩϤձİ߲᪴а˿Դ
᪴ձܶձ˰˰˿ԴĴߵ˵᪴ձ൱й
ǿ᪴ߵ壬ȴЩֵ֣ͷһڵϵʬʣôһ᪴ߵ壬ʲôˣ
ǿ·ʱʷľָ˵ؿڶ˵
˳ŽȥֻǼ˿·棬һԲԲӡǣһͼΣ
ӵˣ˵Ѳɻһʿ
ֻǸͼȴżʮֹ֣Ͳй֣ȫ
ʱǼ֣˵ձ֣дǣʹߡ
˵꣬һ˵˼ֵĹ죬˵ݵڻѾȷˣһձˡ
ֻɻǣձôܵطģΪʲôʲôɱ


201 
Ǹձ˵ʬ壬͵һ˵ģձ֪ŮʯһţйضѰŮʯټ˵ȻǸϵʿŵľһɫŮʯѲձΪǿŮʯ
ʱһﶼ뵽һ㣬ձ˵һĭž˵ô׼ɣ˵ձˣǾ
˵ͷ˵пܣǸȻϵʿŵŮʯձ˺пܴϢŵİʹߣѾݣӦһʦ
´һ·䣬˵˵ģطǵ긴ǸϵʿסĵطôձʦǳȥģǱɱġ
ʱʯͷͣڷ߶ǽϺ͵²ͣĴȻ󿪿˵طһĸڴ򶷡
֪ʯͷ˵طĸڴ򶷣ǾͿ϶ˣǸϵʿȥձʦ֮⣬˭
һӵʣֽⷿ׵Ѱһ飬Ҳûбķ֣ϴһﶼûϢãڶ۵ĹǺһƨɾ˵ϣıһķڡ
ȻǺײ鱦һҲǸ̰ƵҲûеΪǮҪĵز̫鷳ӵıҲû滹вʳ
ֻϣһţ˺ͷſڴֻոҧһڣһɫֱȴǽϵĿ˳һһ㣬һѾͽеĽţˡ
еĽţͻȻɣǼһһ£ȻڵһڵϾĽţҲ٣˭͵ҵţ⣡
Ǳһֻڴһﶼڷ棬˭Ҳţߡ
ʶһ㣬Ǽһͷϵ亹ˣתͷ˵жղҵţ⡣
˭֪һո˵꣬ǽϵĿͻȻ̽һëԴǿԴ泤˰ɫëѿ죬֨֨ڳЦһȻವһ˻ȥ
ʱǽëԴһŵһһƨڵϣһֽź˼
ʯͷǵһӦֻһſھͳ˹ȥҲĸ
棬ѰңѾǶӰӣΧǻĲݣҲ֪Ƕܵʲôطȥ
Ǹʲô⣿ʷʵ
ӦǸӡʯͷüͷüȻ˵
ղǶԴǽ̽Ȼ죬ҲͦȷʵһֻӣֻϵëȴǻҰ׵ɫ
ʱҲڷ˳ղŵòᣬѾˣ˵ǶֻֻһֻӣɵƿڴӸ͵үţ⣬Ҵ㲻㣡
֨֨
˭뵽һĻո£ǰĲݴͻȻһ֨֨ĽֻһɫӰӸ߸ߵڲݴ˳һצ
ǶӰСһβͣһֻӣֻϵëѾ˻Ұ׵ɫӦòСˡ
û뵽ӾȻҳһԼʾһ¿ɰǼһˣ˵Ҫȥ
ҸϽһѽһסˣΪǺӸոʱҷĲһʲôǶҫ·ɫĹâ
ԼǲģӵĲŶֻһܣǾģ˵ģ
ʯͷ;ԵҲ뵽һ㣬Ƕһۣ˵ͷʯͷ˵ֻӣ
ĻһϽǺܵķ׷˹ȥҺƬԭĲݲߣֻȻʱʱʧڻĲݴ棬ǲþͻ֣ټʯͷıܹŵζܸϡ
ֻһֱıȥ׷һСʱѾ߳ԭķΧɽµ棬ֻӵӰҲȫʧˡ
ô죿ҪҪ׷ʯͷʵ
ʯͷ˵ͷ߽棬ǰ˲ãǰʯͷͻȻͣ˵ЩԾ
ﲻԾˣþ֣ʯͷĻһӾͰѵ˳ŵš
ʯͷȴָǰ˵ط˴򶷹
˳ǰȥֻǰ棬вڴֵľڵϣֻЩľЩʱˣټϵϳ˻Ĳݣϸͷֲˡ
ߵǵطֻľʮãʱжϣطĴ򶷣ӦøǸéµĺۼͬʱ䡣
ҲһˣʱһߵӴĺ
һﶼ˹ȥֻݴһ߰׻ʬǡ
ľڰ׹λһʱһǶȻմǺ׾ֱܷҲһ壬Ҹǵһ鼸һģһǵ̵İ᪴ߣ
˸Ƿһģձʦʷʬ˵
ҵ˵ͷʬ֮Ըéʬ屣ȫͬΪĵطһ
ط棬ϳĲݣʬ׸ãԲûֻܱ治ɵİ֣Щձ˵ʲôˣ
ʯͷéݵǽƶϳ򶷵һĸѾձ˵ʬ壬ôͻʣˣһǸϵʿĻôһ˭
ЩձһΪŮʯġʱµİ׹˵
Ǽһһžͽձ˵ͷ­߷ˣһŨ̵˵үȻûɹʲô£ľЩСձģƾҲŮʯ
ѾǸëӵӰˣʯͷȻܹŵǺζѾ˰ʯͷ˵ǺѾɽˣ׷ȥҪɽҹ̫ΣգԴһϾطӪ
ʯͷȥһˣʱִ˼ֻɽһ￾Ժ꣬źҹʱ䣬˶ȥ˯ˡ
һӺʷҹһû˯òˣڵϾ˯˸չȥ
˯Ժģ͸оҵļҳһ͵ڵ̧ͷһҼʯͷ
ֻɫЩ׵Ķ˵ѣǱȺΧˣ
ĻһӾˣҲûа˯⣬ϽڵֻʱһﶼѾˣŵվڻԱߡ
ǰֵȥֻֻĵ۾ڵһǺҵĶ档


202 
һµڵͷѾһͷ亹һǺΧסǵǵС
û뵽طǣһȺǼ˽ŵıվţɫף˵Щʵô죿
ϣŪЩǵľЩѾǸΧܶˡ
ǲǣʷͻȻĺ
ĻвɵһֶȻײСǲֻҪܵȥҲͰȫˡ
´һۣǺһôǿôҪ˲ܺϱĹвٴִ֦ӦܳܵסǼˡ
ָǿô˵죬Ͻȥ
һǿȥǾʱȺͻȻһǺǺǵĺҪö࣬ӦþǴ˵еͷǡ
ͷǵĺУһ󲻰ȻΧסǵȺķУڻӦͷһ㣬ŴЩǾȻΧ£˹
áǺ֪ǵͼ´һ£ɫص˵
ģЩôôһ˫˫ĵ۾Ѿ亹
ܣʯͷһ󺰣ǸϽӿ첽ӣǿô˹ȥ
ûжԶѾںڰ˳˹
ƣѾҪƴĹͷˡ
ʮֻǣĴ󿳵ֽһӭȥӸոһʹǹ죬ľǹˡ
ǹǰֻһµµڵϹȦҲû˶ǹ׼ǹ׼ȷĴֻǵԴ档
ǰͷֻһʣµһ£ľźȥ
ǸϽǰ˼Ѿǿô档
ϽȥҺȶסʯͷŤͷǴ˵
ȻʯͷΣգǵʱ䲻࣬ҸϽ˵ͷ;ȥҺв֦ɡ
ȥҺʷҲʱǰдͷĺԭǹŵú˵Ⱥһγ
һһ´һȦվøߣҲȽֻΧڵ浽һ˫˫ĵۣȻʮֻһȺ
ʱѾǳ嵽ˣֻʯͷӶһǳֻһֻʯͷֱӰԴ룬һֻӵĿӲҷ˳ȥ
ȥֻ֮ʯͷӺ
ǸˣҲֻ˵˾Сģ˫֦ȥһȻֵ֣ĺܡ
ʱʯͷѾȼųȺͶ˹ȥЩ»ŵæ˿ȥ
ʱѾ㹻ˣʯͷһҲϣЩһȿֺľ˹Ҫ˺ҧʯͷĽš
飡飡
ʱѾϣһ֧ľʱĿǹֻЩҧʯͷСȵǸȥ
ģ֦ϣҺʷһ֦ʯͷ֮Ҳ˾Աߡ
ʱȺѾȫ嵽棬ͣͷĽţһ£Щʮͷ
ԱߣȺֲ̧һĺˮµ˵ģЩôô࣡
ʱЩǵֵĺڰǴһǺͷǵĽֶȺ֮еȼĻֺȷûÿȺ涼һֻͷǣͷǶӵ꣬Ƕӣǣͷǵķӡ
ֻͷǵ֮ԭ治ͣҽеȺʱͰſڵһҲ
Ҳ٣Ҫʲô治˰ɣΣӳԾĺ
ҸоԼɤӿʵҪˣǸղżæҶûļãʱֻĭ
ЩЩһʯͷȫſڵϵȺ˵
ʵ˵һҲĳΪͷǵ֮ЩǾһſڵϣһ֧Ĳһ
ЩеаѽʷЩ΢΢˵
ȻӣϾЩǣȴǰЩ䣬治ɵֱͻͻ˵ЩѲɶ˾Ҫһֱ棬ǻᱻġ
Щǵ⣬ͷ⡣ʯͷʱ۾ЩȺĺ˵
ĻһЩǵжȫֻͷָӣ˵ЩǴֻͷǴǵһֻʲôǣ
Ⱥĺ棬ղŴķȥȴһڣʲôҲ
ͷǲһֻһֻʱǽȴǳԾĶǴ˵
ʷ۾ҹҲܹȻͷغڰ֮Уܹ
Ļ˶һ
йиǱΪ飬˵ȺһֻǳúĶⱷҪСϺֻܶ࣬ǰĲм·ԴʮֵĴͷǵľʦⱷһͷǵıϣвŻǱΪ
ǶǱΪ飬˭Ҳûļֶǰв˶˵ֹ֤ʵֻȺвмǣѲɽȺĻд˵еı
˳ʷָǰȥȻǰ棬ЩȺĺ棬һںӰӡ
ǵԵıȱҪ࣬ıһСһĺӰһһ˫۾ںҹɢĵɫâ


203 Χ
˫۾˵涼Щ飬˵ǱȺľʦźܸߵǻۣǱǸΧסҪ¡
飡飡
ʱվľǹͷǺͱصĵط˼ǹŮ˿ǹкûŵҺӲˤȥ
ֻǹɫӰһšʧ棬Ȼִļŷŭ
ʱϡ߱ͲãټͱǵľԶԾһǹûдС
˵ѽ´οǹ鷳ܴܲкҲ͵ȥˡ֦Ųһƨɣ̧ͷ˵
ҺӻʷڵǸ֦г˵ĴȴϸһһֹסĻζҸһӺ𵽣ıˣŪһȥ
ôӣҺ˼䣬ǼһԴҲҶˡ
ЩȺһţǸûа취ȥֻţ̫ţȻʱûΣգҸͲҷɡ
Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻԱߴŤͷһֻǼһſ֦ϡȻ˯ˡ
˵һĿͷȻ˯ţȥ̧һƨɡ
ߵһһӾŪ֦һҵҡΣҸϽıˣʱ㶼˯ţͲµȥ𣡡
Ӳ˼ٺٵЦȻ˵Ͼû˯ϰҹˡ
˵꣬һӦҹûкˣҲѹϣȫǣҪ˯鷳ɾʹˡ
ٷһûһĸţ֪Ѿˡ
ʱҲûôˣһۻǵȺһĭջ˵ȥǰ취ѽҪЩһֱߣǻһֱϣҪȥ
ʱҲĸȹϵϣ֪ȥǸͳŲ˶ãΪ˻գһǿЦ˵ϵ࣬ҪǴһĶסʱ򣬾Ū
ҵĻǼһһ˵ʿСүɱЦˣҪҾȥιҲȸǳǿ
ҲѵģҸټӶһ죬û뵽һȴ͵һĴȣָǰ汬һֿڡ
˳ָȥֻ¶ӪĲݵϣſֻ
һֻǸͨҪһĻǣӦþȺһֻȴһֻѩ׵Ķ
ǶȥҲǵģȴֻһֻèһСƺûǰȣſڵϡ
ӣһﶼ֪ӦþǴ˵еı
Ǽһ֮ԷŭΪǰצͣ˺ıңҿѾˣǺĹĽ鱦ɢضǣЩͲȤҪӱЩʳ
ֻӵıһȻצ˺ŵǻëıĸǰȳԣ̬ʮֵĹ
үҵĽţѽһĻӷһʹĽҪһƻֱȥ
ֻֻƺӵĽһ̧ͷһۣӵıһʳſڴ
ƿڴ̫࣬˭Ҳȥ̧ǹǺͱ˼ǹǾ̫ԶûдУǹһӣֻԼϣ˲ݴ档
áһûͬأһѾͽǹ˹
ֻһȺһͨ䣬к޺޵˵ĳү⣡
ЩǱһӸֻŵö㵽˲ݴ档
ʮһ۰ֻǵĿ죬ǹӵˡ
ŻعǹݸЦ˼ղЩˣӵˡ
ĺһǹӹȥȻȡһУ˵һˡ
ģһɫӵأһҪĶסˣҲϻžǹӲأӵֻʣһУӲҲûϷˡ
ʱţͷѾˣѾһҹûк۳ԶˣһĶӶùֱУ̲סˣͣ
ʵúһ㣬ؼǿʣôʱһˮûкȣҵɤͿʼðˣ촽ʼˡ
ô죿ʯͷʵ
һֱֻҪʯͷһԵΣնӭж⣬ʯͷȴǳĬҡҡͷҲû˰취вɵЩ
ȺļõһͲݴ棬ĵǣǳŲסˣԼȻһӵϣǵʳ
ȻѾûκΰ취һҲãԴһﶼ֦ϣһҲû˵һʱѹ˶֪˵ʲôֶֿ˭ҲûǾˡ
治֪һʲôŲһǷֵӣ˭֪ãһԻŵǸ֦Ȼǵһ
һ֦洫оͰвãҺӻʷһ֦棬̧ͷһۣûü˵֦ͷһ׵ĶϵˡҲŵȥ
ʯͷһҪץסңֻҵ·ˣһУ˽ʵʵˤ˵ϡ
һˤϣоֻһͷǳ׵ˣɥǣԺлᣬһҪһúüʣ


204 Ͷ
һصҵϣȻǸˤ߻أǻһµڵʱЩһֱȥķһУ˹
ģƴˣүҽҪˣ
ǿ˵Ѿ˾ӴһһĴ󿳵ǰͳ˹ȥʱѾ׵ˡ
ҺʷҲһȺ˹ȥֻҵӸոһһɫӰҵԱߣʯͷ
ֻеĺڵͰ˹һǵԴֱӿƬ
ʱϴǹʱмֻǱڵأǱǹŵĲͣź˿ȥǵѹʱ˲١
ֻһ߿ǹһߺһ֣ɽܣ
ѾˣȥҲֻǵûлȥǰǲԭڶأõѡɽܡ
Щһʱ֮䱻ţǹźȥȺˣһʱ׷ױܿǣʯͷ˶Ϻɽͳ˹ȥ
ʱȺĺִһǽֻġ
ֻЩԭ˵Ⱥĺ֮ǳ˹
ǵٶ̫졣һ׷󣬴һһ˺һͣ赲Щǡ
ȻЩһͱǸ˻ȥһһͣǳǵѾܵĵѪҸоԼֱѾʼᣬ֪ò˶ãҾͻֵסˡ
һˣֻҲҲ࣬Щǵ̫࣬ͣǶסõġ
ʱʱȺĺһɫӰӣֻűȺĺ
ʯͷźһۣȻתͷ˵ȶס
Ļһﶼһ㶣һûҪȥͼʯͷӰһһһֻǣӸ߸ߵԾ𣬾ȻȺ档
һ𣡡ӿ嵽ȺʯͷĽš
Щǵ̫࣬ʱǹƥȺȥ֪ʯͷȥģô϶ԼĿġ
Ⱥͱһۣʱʯͷ⣬ЩȺȫǿͱָӣʱҪܹ߱סõ㡣
ֻʯͷһȺʮֻǶʱͳ˹ʯͷȻһͣȺ洩ߣЩǵٶ̫ˣϻǱЩǵצӸץһѪڣ·һġ
ҴһȥסȻľȺͳ˹ȥ˿ΣҲҿɱȺ
Щȫû뵽ǻͻȻǸһ㶣һĹͱǸ˼ȻǾǳ˹ʯͷѹʱ᲻١
ֻӿ磬ͣȺ֮д󣬵߸ߵԾһӾȺվǰźڵ˹ȥ
ƺû뵽ʯͷȻܹǸϵİɫıһһĽһԱ˹ȥ
ʯͷһգָȥʱҲӦ˹̧ǰצʯͷؿ˹
ٶȺܿ죬ʯͷȻؿڣֱȴһӱצӸץѪڣӶˣѪͣµ䡣
ֻʯͷӻһ£ǲûкˣת˵֣һѾץסϱĲӣ
ֻʯͷ治ͣţ˲ͣţʯͷѾ֣ﻹܵεץסĲӣֵĺڵᵽĲ档
ֻΪͨ飬ʯͷĺڵһܵĲϣⱷ͸оΣգȻһһҲвͣķͳĺУһ㡣
ʱֻϵëʯͷͣĵţ촽Ϸ¶ɭɭݡ
ʯͷҪԼֻǰһֻͣǱĿзУֻëʱ͵ȥź˼
ǼѾȫȺΧˣȻڵֵȺĹϻǱһֻֻͣǸץѪ졣
ʯͷһۣоֻǾͳ˹ֻֻзһХԭΧסȺ֮һӾɢ˿ȥ˵
˴ˣҪмӣƶסˣڿȺɢȥ۵һһƨ˵ϡ
ҵֱ汻ЩǸץ˿ڣ·ҲǸõģĶۡ
ֻʯͷֻߵǸǰֻȺǺ漸ԶĵطĸţȺƺںֻͶûжǷ
̧ͷһʯͷеֻֻСϵëǰɫ֮⣬һǲûʲô
ֻⱷûǰȣǰֻ͹򣬸Ͳ·Ȼ˵еһĲм߶Ҫֻš
ʱȻ̱ˣһʯͷֻסͶǰһӾڵվƣݺݵǱԴƣĳӵ⣡ӵ⣡
ֻƸĲͣĵʣȥΪĿȴǿⶫڲͣǿģֻװġ
ⱷӲͣĳֻԵʮֵ÷ַŭХһȺ˹
һ°ǸһҸϽһѳӣһֻŪջˣһеĳǿɾͲˣ


205 
ЩȺʯͷоֻǰһеĺڵǱĲֻ֡һ˻УʱϽȺź˼
һĻǲɵһֻЩǲðȻʱȫ
ǳɣʷվӣĴɽ˵
ҶˣҪһҪѱùüͷȺĺ˵
治ҩͱǵĲڴѾˡҪǲŪ㶫伢³Ų˶á
Ļʯͷ˵ͷоֻȺ˹ȥǸϽڵĸ
ЩȻһֻֻǶĿ¶׹⣬Ǳʯͷ棬Ľ֮¡ԹԵ˿Ϊóһ·
ʯͷǰ棬ȻҶָ֣ЩǣͣƿڴȫЩö
ҵעȺ棬ǽĶʯͷеֻȺʮֵĹŹ֣ŹֵͲȺһ֧ѵصľӣһӦöʯͷֻСıŷֲĹϵ
ֻȻʯͷԵʮֵĹɣҿⶫһ˫۾ڲͣĵתţڴʲô⡣
ʯͷһ£ʯͷĺһϵּ˼ֻ֣һ˿ʹ֮ɫȻ޺޵һۡ
ֻֻ˲ֱ飬һоͲɵһ˵Ѳֻö˵Ļ
ͷҲû˼˼⣬ΪѾӪĵط
ֻǵıȫЩǸˣĶɢһأҺЩֻӵıʳȤĶû̫𻵡
ǸϽʰһ£ϱңɽȥЩȺȻҶǷǶںš
Ƕ˵ˮһľ񶼺˲٣ӱʳЩǸԵˣһﲻͣƿڴ
ȻʱûΣգЩһֱĸţǸ˦ǣȥҲǰ취ǳ˶֪Ҫô졣
֨֨
ǸոɽߣͷȴͻȻ
ǸϽ̧ͷһֻͷ֦һɫӰڴϲͣȥֻţİëӡ
ֻǰëվϣͣĶ֨֨ţһ֦ͷ
ǶֻӵĲһͭƵСԣĲ治ͣĻζ̫Ĺߡ
µƺ֦Щջ̧ͷһ׹˸
˭֪ǺӲ£˵Ĵ֦ķһĹЦǰëӸӦǸ϶ͷ
ӲүǿţҲӸҵĴҴܵǼһ˵ĹЦ
Цһ֦׼ȷ䵽һͷϣҵİһ̧ͷȥֻǺӶ˸֨֨Ľš
ĲᣬָǺ˵İǣӸţ⣬ҡ
ӵĻм㲻ԣֻëӣǣҵţ˼ģġ
ϵĺҲ֪ö֨֨Ľ˼Ȼָָߵķ򣬽һÿôԾǸȥ
һĻһﶼЩ㶣ͣһôϲֵͣİëӣЩֵ˵Ǹߡ
ǶǺӵ˼ˣϾֻһֱԴһﶼЩģʯͷʵô죿
ʯͷǺһۣ˵ɡ
һﶼûǺӵķȥֻֻ֮ͻͣͷǣڵǡ
ӱֵͨԣԽĸе֣ӵʲôͷҪȥ
Ȼ㲻ǼʮֻǣֻȴҪеĶ࣬⼸ѡǺԥֻëӡ
Ǻǰ˲ԶǰľԽԽߴ󣬽ƬɽֵָЩɭɭģڴʱȺȴĪĿʼɧ
ֻͣķĺУȺҲһһ˻š
ǲ֪ô£ģЩҪ̲סǷһŵøϽ䱸
ʯͷ棬߸ߵľеֻȺĶȴԽԽԽǰߣʯͷеֻҲʼͣķһͳĺУҷоȻ¶˿־ζ
һҸоԽ֣˵Ⱥô£ôͻȻ֮
ʱһֱǰ·İëȴͣһô棬ͣĶǷ֨֨ĽȻֱֻǿٵĻ衣
ǿȥӿӵƣǴ˵
ȺͣɧǸоʮֵΣգֿǺڶ֣ҿȥʮֵż
ʱͻȻһĺУĽո£ЩȺǳˮһĳ˹
ʱһʲôҲ˲ˣһ󺰣תûľǰ˹ȥ
ǰûжԶͻȻ֣ǰȻʯͷǽһһΧҺЩΧߣֻһңǺɵľͷ˹ȥ
ǰһξ룬ʱȴǷһ󺰣ǿ쿴Щǲ׷ˣ
ĽȥֻЩںֵĶͣǷĵͰΧǽ棬ȻһֻǲͣķһĺС
ʯͷеֻȻʼвͣķʣԵüΪĿ־塣


206 ʬ
Ȼ֪ЩΪʲô׷ˣһﶼһʱʯͷıȴͣĵʡе͸ڿһΧǽҲһİ
ҿһֻֻʯͷ治ͣķֻ۾ıţǸоĪĿ־һ㣬⣬ҵͻȻһֲԤС
ģڸʲôһȺһʯͷеıֵʵ
ں¡ͳ˵
ʲô⣬طѵʲôʵֻһȻҲ뵽ʲô˵ԽԽ͡
˶ʶ⣬ǰΧǽߣǶɵķЩˣΪʲôЩ
ں£طʲôֵ˴һȺµأѲֻëӣ
һͷȥֻֻëӴʱվͷĴ棬ֻߵطֻͺӾͱرİһҲûз
ʱֻ֦ǴֻıԲֻӣôط϶ʲôܹȺоΣտ־Ķ
뵽ҲɵЩѵһĭȺӴ󣬾ʲô͵ҲǵĶ֣Ϊʲô߽Χǽطʲô
Сĵ´һֻۣƬɽ沢ûʲôرĵطֻǵɢһʯͷεʯѣЩʯѵͷˣѾ̦вٶɢҵ˵ϡ
һʯѣֻʯѵ棬һ˶ͷǣͷǵ״ӦţģʯɢɢҲֻʣõţͷ
ЩţͷĹͷѾơ绯أʱƶϣ˵ҲǧʱˣЩʲô⣿
Ȼ֪ЩʲôЩʯѣһǸоĲ
ЩӦöǷĹʱһѶѵʯ˭˵
ĻǼһڵ۾е涼ˣ
˵ͷʱҲоǲɵһķΪƬɽϣʯѵǣȥǧ֮ࡣ
˰죬ܽĹˣ˵
ЩĹģΪ࣬ĶҲŪӣôķĹʲô˵أ
ĹȻ˾ź£ЩֻܻĹظе־壬ôںµʲôأ
ŤͷµĿһۣЩʵʿСүطʲôɾĶ
ղҾʹһۣط˸оЩɭ֮⣬ް쳣ȫͷԣЩǵںʲô
Ȼûʲô֣һֲԤȴǵͷ
ڴһ񲻶ʱһӰȴವһ䵽ǵĸǰֻëӡ
ֺֻƺҲ¾ŵʲôһ㣬ʮֵᣬԵüΪأǷ֨֨ĽȻ֣ڵһһĵЩĹȥ
ҪҪȥֻӣʯͷתͷǵ
ȺΧǳȥ϶ᱻҧԴһԥѡ˸ֻߡ
˳ɽϣһ·ЩֵķĹԽԽ࣬˶Ծѣ뵱ط˶ˣ
һһ߹۲죬˵ЩĹӦһԶŵĲģ塣
˵꣬˵ط϶ʲôڴ˾סҪȻҲôķĹҴЩʯͷķͷЩʱ䲢ͳһݾĹ۲죬Щͷ֮ĿӦڰϡ
ѾԿ϶طʮа˾žǸĹء
ԽǰߴɻԽŨңֻëΪʲôǸ쵽ԭʼķĹʲôĿģЩȺΪʲôһĹصĸǰͻ˺£ǵηʲô
Ǹֻëһ·ϣԽֻӵĶԽᣬֻǺµĻҲҽˣ۾ıš
ʱЩʯɵķĹѾˣǰһƽ̹ɽ£泤˵ͰĻĲݣɽºɽ֮ϣȻһĶڡ
ǸڵֱдԼ׸ߣڹ¡˵ģȥһֻ޴޴ſ͡
ڣ˵涼ɵһ˵ѲھǴ˵еģ
ף
ʱȴǷһ׵˵ϣҷǵϱɫ̦޺żԲεʯ顣
ֽ̦޺Ǽʯͷ¶˳
ֻЩʯͷһγһԲΣЩʯͷһ棬ԵЩڡ
һʯͷҴչȥһʯͷЩͷˣ绯ȽأԵĻǿԿʯͷǱһ𿾹һµ̻֮⣬еĵطѾˡ
һʯͷһļ̨
ڵһȻֲַּ׵̨һвѾ˵չޣطںܾǰ϶˾סĺۼ
˼ЩʲôʱֻëƺЩͷ֨֨ĽȻǸɽ˹ȥ
ǿΣҲϽȥֻҪȥʲôһ
ߵڣ͸оһ棬֤һ϶гڣӭ洵ķ缫ΪĸһҲʪ
ͦЩڣǸϽֵͲһգֻⶴڿľһмλȻһʯͷӡ
ӿ϶ǸⲿģֻǰȴбһĿĸʬʬϾȻһҰ׵ĵۣ


207 
û뵽տɽȻһʬ壬ǾʬѾȫɣһĿĸʬ
ֻֻëСʱѾǾ߸ʬĸǰΧͣתתȥз֨֨һ
ط̫죬ǺʲôΣգϽ²鿴һ£ֻмǰʯͷ֮ҲûʲôĶĺһȥĺӴӴĶڡ
طʮֵĿ󣬾һۻĴһмǰʯǸһġ
쿴ʲô⣡ʱһߵʷȴʯڵ棬Ǹĺ
һϽһֻǰʯ棬úɫϻһ޴ĶԴЩԴ죬ȥֲ
ЩԴһ͵ͷӻ滭ķһͼһ㡣
ʱĲԭǵǿкܶಿ䶼ΪԼͼڡһ־ǽϵͷ˵
ǵ˵ͷطӦþһԶŲڵأֻǲ֪طĸ壬Щȥ
оһǼͼڣûʲôµķ֣ʱҰĿתмʯǾ߸ɿݵʬ塣
ֻǾʬбʯϣֻֽؿڵλãʹţ鿴ȥΪʹࡣ
ͷһ߸ߵķ٣ͷѾɼǰ׷ȻʱꣿѾСˣϴһɫҰ׵ĵۣӦһλʿɡ
˲ʮꡣǰϸĲ鿴һǾߵʿʬ壬Ȼ˵
ʵһҲĳϵĵ˵ʮֵأԵֹܹģǻϵʿǹˣִˡ
֣˵ִϵʿôͻȻ˵Ǹ˵ϵʿһѵɣ
éݷɽ¶ձʦʬ£ӴĽеѲЩСձģ
ùҵľؿڵƣ˭֪ոһֻëವһӾʯ档ͣĶž֨֨ĽţֱֻۣԵüΪķŭ
Ӱɾŵ˼ҿӵı飬а룬ʮа˾žˣҪʬ壬ӲŻỤ
ղǾѾˣ˵ϵѪЩѪѾ·棬ɺɫĿ״ЩѪҺԴͷǵʿؿڡ
˫ֽؿڣƶ˿϶ؿ棬ղžֻҪ鿴һ˿ڡ
СӷŭӣвɵЩж˼ʮˣֻӾȻػԼ˵ʬ壬Ⱥܶ˶Ҫġ
ֻ̽ʵ
Ӻͨԣö˵Ļ
Ҹ˵ֻ꣬Ǻӵ۾ת˼Ȧͷһ͵㣬ʯĵˣĺȻ˵Ứ
һӻö˵Ļ˵ûж⣬ֻһ塣
ë˵꣬Ǽۣ˵ϡ
һǵǺӲˣǰĽǵؿڵƷ˿
һؿڣжһֻϵ·Ѿ飬ȻһȭͷСģĿĵѪ
ʿأǵ˿ֲ̫˵̫أֲõط
ƿǰ·ϸĹ۲˿ڣֻ˿ϻ·Ƭ˿ڴѪѾó࣬عǶѾ飬˿ھǱȭͷӲҳһ
ʯͷ֣ճȭͷǵؿڵ˿ڴȻһ£״Ȼƣ
ҵιԹԣϵʿѲǱ˸һȭģŵϵ˿ڣо
ǶоЩ˼飬һȭܹ˴ǵϵʿֵ˵ж
ֻӻո£վһԵϵİëȴͻȻ֨֨Ľȥֻĵ˼ºͷ
ܹöԣ⶯֤Ӹղ˵Ļġ
δһɵְ˼֣뵽ֲ˿ھȻӲȭͷģǵǸʲôˣ
һֻӣֻӲԵ޹ʵİǸֻһҪʲô顣
ǺʵǴҪ
ֻֻëҵĻ֮͵ص˼ͷȻֱָ̧ʯεĲǲͣ֨֨š
֣ʱʯε˵
ǸϽ˹ȥʯοܿжʮףֻʱдżʲݵּЩּԵѪдģΪʱĹϵѾ÷ڣЩдļΪʲݣѱϡ
Щ֣治ɵЩ֪ӦþǸȥĵʿǰµԣһʮҪܡ
ǴֵͲϸıѪֻ֣дڴѰ꣬ڣѰɫŮʯ˶̲סļϵʿǸĵˣ
¿ֻдŮʯоһ֪꣬ܣʯи壬֮ЧһȥԻ֮
ձ˲֪ӺδõϢ׷Ѱˣսʦ˱ʽ֣֮ʯ
ɽҶˣڶ
ּȻֹһĬŶһۣϢ˶еԾһû뵽طǿѰң˾ȻɽڴյŮʯ
ҲһŰ˶꣬ʿжʮˣ
ڴһﶼûҵ˷ܣʮֵķŭŭЩձ˾ȻҶ˸ǿŮʯ


208 ʽ
СձôĶǣӺ޺޵һ䡣
ȴĸ࣬Щձ˵ĳƺЩŮʯйءѰŮʯҪ鶼õЩŮʯ涼żΪЩձҪЩʯͷʲôı
һۣȻ󿪿˵ҲΪձ˰µʱ͸¶һϢ˵ЩձѾ˲ֹһʯͷȷλãڿЩձͶˡ
ҪЩʯͷʲôʵһȷеϢ
˭֪ȴüͷҡҡͷ˵֪ҲֻǱձõӣЩձ˲ܸġ
ҵ˵ͷвɵЩʧʱִ˵ЩСӵйǵı϶ʲô£үҵǣһһǵĹͷ
һҶؿϵĿֲ˿ڡ˵ЩձĺܣҪˣƻᱻ˸
ˣ˵İ˱ʽǸʲô⣿Щɻʵ
ӵĻһﶼɵһ㶣Ҫѣ˱ʽˡ
ʽʦ˵˵ʽձʦƵĿܣЩܶЩʦЩꡣԼ
ձкܶʦʽĴ˵ľǰӵݼΪأǳ¾ʮ汾Сձ˵ǰ׺֮ӣҲǺĶӡ
˵ⰲСͨ飬ֳΪΪΪʦ˵Ű˸ʽ񣬺ųư񽫡
ӵ˵ͷȻֽңϵʿ˵ڰ˱ʽģ˱ʽ񵽵ģ
ұʵЩסˣ˵ûʽ֪ʲôġ
ӦǶʽһƺЩӽ͵
ҵĻüͷ˼Ƭ̡Ȼ˵ҾǲаֱۣԲŻа˱ʽ
ĻҲɵһ㶣˵һĲ²пܡ
ģаֱۣǲһ뵽ⲻɵĸеһ񺮡
ּһʯκǸҶˣҲûʲôķ֣ʱһ۾ŴǸںĶڣطǣܹʬģǡ
Ѿǧ࣬ҵˣһﶼЩǲôˣΪڶˣϵһ㶫ûгأûʳǻôǸѨ
ӵת˼ȦȻʯͷֻͷ˵治оͰ˳˰ɡ
ֻӶ÷̵ŵϵëвͣصĽţһ
һѾͷˣƾͳֻԴ£޺޵˵ģϳүĶүҪ㣬ǱӦ
ⶫܳԣЩǻ棬ǳȥʱҪءҸϽһȰȻڶ棬ɲͣĴǺЩһֱûߣҪǰֻˣƳȥͻᱻЩǸƬ
ҵĻЩͷɥһ۹һתͶԱߵİëӡ
ǰëҶģӶͳ˾ˣʱ򿴵һﻹ֪ʲô֨֨Ľž˶͹ʯ棬涪˼ʯͷǼһﰥϵĽš
ȻЩΣǼһǱӣһǲɵЦ
ʱʯͷߵҵĸǰһѽֻҵ棬˵ȥ濴
涼ȺʯͷҪȥҲɵЩģϽʵҪȥ
ʯͷЦЦȻ˵ЩҪǣǾͳ
ʯͷ˵źڵͳ˳ȥΪһˣϽҲ˳ȥ
ֻЩȺɶΧǽ棬һҲһڶ֣ǲͣķһĺС
סһ㡣ʱʯͷͻȻڶ˵
ʱѾ֪ˣһ䲻ĳȥŪֻǽ
ⷽȻΣգǣ֪жԵ㶫˭Ҳұ֤ܲߵȥЩֻʯͷãֻȥˡϧǹӵѾˣҪǻӵĻɺܶࡣ
վʯͷĸǰסֻʯͷӸ˲ݴ棬Χǽٵ˹ȥ
ЩǺ֮һͰΧǽʯͷһſ£ЩǾͿˡ
ʱһҵֻŴ󿳵ĲϣͣĲҽУЩǶͣķһĺС
һڷɢЩǵעʱʯͷѾһΧǽǰ
͵͵ָָһ£ߵΧǽһֻſڵϡ
ʯͷƶһ£Ȼҡҵ˵ͷȷ·λֻʯͷѱĺڵ˳һȻӿͻȻ۾һ͵سΧǽ档
Щǵעȫе棬ûзʯͷͻȻ
ֻʯͷһӾǵĸǰеĺڵɾһͽǵԴĸҽûü
ʯͷһǵӣΧǽ˽ǻһ㣬ֻĿȾͱ˹ǸˣʱץѪӣȻһصˤΧǽ档
ǸϽһʯͷͳ˹ȥҺЩȺ֪ΪζǵΧǽ˿־壬ʱȻԾ
ҳ嵽ǰʯͷ˻ҺϱץһѪ֮⣬Ҳûб˿ڡ


209 
Ǹ˻һ˵֦ѡӽֻǸƤһһ֦ܵϾͿʱһϽԼ˿ڶһ¡
һǾһҪûֻëӴһƶҪ군
һѾˣⶫȻ㣬ϵ̫̫ҧʮֵķѾڴһﶼˣжԾѾˡ
˺һŵֻĸǰֻû˿ԥſͳȥֶʮֵѪûʳʱͬʳǺ顣
ֻëӱζҲ˹Ҷһ⣬û뵽һŵڣȻµ˵ϡı飬Ȼûӵţθڡ
ֻ֨֨ĽһԾľһŴ棬ȻһýһõԶȥһͲӰӡ
û뵽ӾȻкˣЩԾӣȥȥˡ
Ҳ֪ǺӻزǷҲܳȥֻȥˡ
һԱ֮ǵӻʣһ룬ʯͷõпָÿһ㣬ҪȥˣʳǱҪġ
ǸʰãͷִǺӵ̧֨֨ͷһֻǺӲ֪ʱ˻
ֻ䵽ϣһƬɫҶǸһ۵򿪵ʱֻʺҰ
ЩǶûмȴǷǳʳǰëӶ֨֨ĽȻָָǶѹӡ
͸ǳԵʵ
ֻͣĵͷڴ
ֻʮֵͨ飬ҲжĹӸǳԣ⼸ӿȥûʲô⡣
ҸҪ˵ллǼһһӾͳ˹Щˮ§ڻóһҧһڣǺ˵Сģүţ⣬ڻ֪Ͷұ
ӱӸ˹ȥӰëֱ֨֨УڵϼһʯͷҪӡ
ҸϽվǰ˵ǽһԡֻӲŹӡ
ʯ棬źǸںĶ˹ȥ˭֪Ǹտڣʹǰë֨֨ĽǼС
һͷһֻСԶԶվڶڣǲͣĻֱֻۣǲǽȥ
ұΪӻһأû뵽ھȻַӦʮֵĴǾ֤⣿϶еΪ־Ķ
Σգֻʵ
ֻС֨֨ǲͣĵͷȻֱֻۣҪǿ
ЩжȻ֪ΣգǲܲȥΪжҪõǡ
ǺӿЦһ£Ҳö˵жҪȥǡ
˵תŶ˽ȥ
СӲܻųүҾͰȥһһ˵
˼ҪԸС䵭ĸһ
ȻЩջ𣬲һƺ¾ţҲûз
ⶴܿбб¶ȥģҽһһڵʯݣⶴ̳ģӦóסǸ䡣
Ҳ٣ˣûԶǼһǷһС
ĶѨ棬䲻һаѴһﶼһֵͲһգֻӵѾʪˣһɧζϴ˹ֻ棬
⣬ҲЦʱֻû뵽ھȻһ
ûСеӣֻıֻֻڻڲͣķһ˫۾ĴҹԵüΪĺ£Ǳģ
ֻıֻ֣ӣ治ɵӿһɲԤУֻﶼΪĴڶֱ֣ⶴ浽ʲô˸о־Ķ
һﶼע㡣ҸоЩ䣬һ˵
ּȥûжԶʱĵ·ѾȥˣֱֱǰҲһΪ󣬾ⶴ࣬Щʯ֮ϣȻʱĳһĶڡ
Щڵֱʮңȥģͦ
ЩֱֻʮףԸͲ˿ģѲģ
ҾЩ֣һ£ֻЩڵĵ϶ɢŲٵʯͿһӣ˵ѲЩǱʲôڳ
ϸļһ¶ڵıԵֻЩĶʮֵĹ⻬ȥʲôģҶ滹Ĵһɧζ
ʱһﶼ׵ҵĸǰǸڣɫЩס
Ŭһĭ˵ЩѵǱʲôڳ𣿿طǼӲʯ飬˵ǶˣùҲ俪⵽ô¡
ʲôʱʯͷҵǰ˳ȥڶץһѣȻ̯֡
ȥֻʯͷھȻ˼ִֵëЩëɫҰף˵ͷϸ
һָкӲ滹һŨŨɧζ
⵽ʲôģʱҲ˹˭֪ոտڣֻıȴͻȻһİȲͣߡ
ⱷеʮֵңǳһİëҲһЩջǱƣʲôУүˣ
ҸϽסӣȻǸڣźƿ˼˵ں£Ķ
ʱһﶼЩԣóĶǸڡ


210 ʥ
Щ洫ΪΣյϢҴһᡣûʲôǲɵһ
ʯͷǰǰ˰֣һϽȥ
ЩڼΪĹ죬ԲȻɵģҲ࿪ģѲʲôӲʯڳ
һξ룬ЩֵĶѨɢĳ֣ÿ˶ɵĵǸоЩѨһ˫˫۾ڽĶǡ
ǰ˲Զǰĵ·ԱͻȻһʯֻǿʯа˸ߣʮң滹ι״֡
ͣǿʯϸĹ۲ţֻʯһֺɫʯͷɣһֺɫ棬Ȼ֪ȥ˶ͷˣְĻҳ֮󣬿
дʲô⣿ӽĻҳ֮󣬻عͷʵ
ֵĽṹŹ֣ȫʶһ塣ӦԶʱסǸ֡
һ۾Щˮƽһ㣬ܹϵ֡
˭֪üͷһҡҡͷ˵һԶ֣Ҳʶ
طУʮа˾˼Ǽһ￴һﶼʶ֣˵
ҰһһۡΪôҲǣңֻЩִ˶ɽĳƺ˲һС
ȻŪʲô֣Ȼûʶֻգ׼ߡ
˭֪ʱҸоؿͻȻһ̹ǵ⣬ҸĻ̲סĶ£ǸװĹǵ壡
ûҷӦֻһҰ׵Ӱҵؿð˳ȻһӰվǿʯ֮ǰ
ӰĹֻһʼʱԵĲͬ
ĹǰĻһ׵ɴȻֻһĻ꣬ȥ޾סӾȻһǰɫģһȴںڵɫԵüΪĹ죬ɢһŨŨ
ֱ֪֮仯Ϊʬɵ껹ûбȫڸŶĹҲ֪ܲܽʬɵĻȫɵ
ֻĹվʯ֮ǰĸһ֣зһ˵һʲô
ĻǼһϽ룬ܺǸĹʱŲ˵˵ʥء
Ļһﲻɵһ㶣ָӲ²ʮǧУʥء
ʲôʥأʲô⣡Ĺʵ
˭֪Ĺû̧ͷһۣҿҲֳɫһһҺɫͰɫӵĲֻڲͣĲӦıںʬɵ겻ͣĶ
ֻһۣٵ˵˼ʲô
ɫпȥЩżٺܿ죬֪϶ʲôҪҪǣԵĻһ䣬ҸϽʵ˵ʲô
˵ط˵ķԴأǼʥءϽǷ뵽
Ļ̲סˣֻǼһץͷƤʵʲôǼ壬⹫ĹôֳǼȥˡ
ӵĻ̲ס˵ǵ˽ȨԴǼģǼҲǵȡ
ǻȻʱֻĹּٵĶ˵˼ʲô
ȻŮ˵ǸʬɣûʱǣطǼķԴأҲǴ˵еʥأഫط巢ԴܣҾ˵кܶΣգǧҪСġ
ĻĹ˵ͷֻЩĵһۣȻವһһɫӰӣ굽Ǹ˫档
һû뵽⴫˵еģȻǼķԴأЩʲôأ
Ǻϸ֪һɽܣϧĹʬɵĻǣܳǽͣһֻüߡ
ǰ˲֪ԶҸоܵĿռôֵͲһգԭǾȻ߽һ޴ĶѨ棬ⶴѨ̫ڿһ۸ߡ
벻ɽȻôһӶɵˣʷĴһۣЩε˵طôҪȥңǣ
õǸͼ̫ڼªֻŵıʾˣλãڣθûаʾ
ģܲϹΰɣЩɵ۵˵
Ƕû⣬һһ˰죬˭Ҳ֪ôߣֻǰ߿ˡ
ʯͷǰ棬Ȼγɵɽĳ棬һգڹ¡˵ĸ߼ʣһ·Щ顣
ߣطʲôʱʷͻȻָ֣ǵ˵
˳ָǵطȥڹ¡˵ʲôҲʷ۾ܹںڰ˵ǵطжǾͲ
ǵָĵطȥ
磬Ǳʲôѽʱӱ߱ʷʵ
Ǳߺһӣһšʷ˵
вɵ֣˵ɽ滹еºӣΪʲôȴһˮѲǺѾûˮ
ǰһξ룬ʷȴͻȻֱ̧ۣЩ˵ǰ棬ǰкܶˡ
ĻһһϽǰȥ֤˵ĻһǸոһ̧ͷͼɫĹâǰ
Щ翴ȥͬ˵ȭͷһСȥûа¶ȣڵ֮ĴδһͲӰ


211 ˶
⼸âȻܿɢˣǸոʱ򷢳ĹǿǰΡ
ֻǰĵϣȻɢһƬ׻Ĺͷ
ǹ𡣡ҶԴ˵
ǼɫĹǹ𡣴˵ڵԹɵģСʱҼⶫˡ
ǸղڵϿЩ׹ǣЩͷ˻ʲôģҪ
ǸϽֵǰȥ˲ԶͷֵһӣǸô󣬶ʱȻ˷ƵĹͷ
ЩͷһЩͷˡ涼ѾķƣǺµЩͷȻ˹ǣ
Ӻܴ滹֪жôһӸҪˣ
뵽һɵĴ˸£ʱֵͲſȥֻĹͷʮֵңЩ˵ʬֱ˸һһ
滹ǹͷϡɼһƤǾȻʬǣֻʬ涼ƤϵƤûиáǷ֮ĸڹͷ棬ط˲֪жˣƤ⿴ȥڵĸࡣ
߸ʬȻûбɹͷǲֱۺֻȶѾˣԵøӵĿֲ
߸ʬе⡣ֻʯͷʬ塣üͷţǿ˵
ĻҸʯͷ߸ʬʲô⣬û뵽һһȻʬǿӾͳ˹ȥ
ǱĶһһûüڣͼʯͷѾ嵽߸ʬĸǰ־һߣֳ˻
µĸʬĽŲȵÿ֨֨죬ϲͣƤ
գۼʯͷ˻Ǿ߸ʬ˵ϡ
ǸϽӲ鿴߸ʬ뿴ʲô⡣
ʬǱʲôйһʯͷվԱߡɫص˵
ֻǾ߸ʬϵ֫ѾȫˣԴӰֻذɭɭĴȹǣѾɡ
ȥֻȸȴǻƤ⣬ֻЩƤĶѴȱڣľǱʲôҧһ
һﲻɵĵһѵɽʲôĶ
ּһʬֱֺۣĴһҧžͣǳǸѾԱˣǹıһ
ҾĹ棬Ǹʦڸʬʮ꣬죬治ɵĸеһĶġ
ʱʯͷĶ߸ʬȻͻȻ֣һúڵͽϹŵƤˡ
ǸʬӣֻĸģһƤϣһֱֱĵڡ
ʯͷڵǸʬ˿ڣǴֵȥֻʬĶӾȻֻһƤȫˡ
ЩʬǾġǾ߸ʬ˵
ʱΪ˸õıʬ壬ʬȡľʱ򻹻ƵĹ˵ıǿ洩ȥӸʬǾľ
Ļһһ£ЩԾû뵽ЩʬȻǱΪĴģĶ
ľʲôط񲻶ԾһʱȴôҲ벻
Щ˶Ǿ⴦ģôӦøһǸʬѽʱͻȻûͷûԵ˵һ䡣
ӵĻȻЩûͷûԣĻһˢһ¶ˣҲ͵ץס˸ղŸоԾĵط
ʬǾ⴦ģⶪģôԣطһȺ֮أȻǲ֪Ǽף˶ΪΪ԰ʱر𽲾ġ
ôЩһʬ嵱һǰڷŵģȥʬİ׹ǵɢ䣬Ǳ˸ڹһ
һǣЩʬ嵱ʱǾ⴦ģϵƤⲢḯãǻǰ߸ʬһʬЩ˵жȥ
治֪˲֪أʲôȻܰЩ˵ⶼԵˣ
໣໣
ʬ˹ͷˮʱŵֻȴͻȻĺͣӵţǼһһ
̵ģҽʲô⣬үˣһӷһƾͳ鵽ֻԴ档
ֻܴǰֻҪһ͹ԹԵˣһҲԣڱӸһֻ֮ȴǲͣĵĺУһ˫۾Ķǵš
ջˣֻ̧ҪһƣһϽסӣ˵ֻǸоʲô
ʱҶֻֻ󣬲ͣ֨֨ţһ￴ͷӿһɲԤС
ʱʯͷȴתźȻվһᣬ͵ػعͷҿɫʮֵأֻǵ˵жˣܣ
Ļһһʯͷ˵ЩģֻǰܣǰǸ׹ǵʬӣһ涼ɵЩ
ܣЩҪˡʯͷһȾͳʬ档
ʱһﶼһᣬʯͷͳ˹ȥЩ׹Ǳǲȶϣһ
ʬӵһһĵºӣǵº׿ʷָָߵķ򣬶˵š
ָķɱȥȻһʯźںϣ˵ţʵһȻںľʯѡ
ţ濴һֻۣǵºȻˮģֻЩˮһҲӶ˳
ʱǵѾĿҵʷ۾ںڰп濴һۣǵ˵Ҳ٣ô󣡡


212 
ʷĻǶɵЩ֣ʵĶ󣡡
ʷ˵ͷ˵ʮֻأģ󳤵ñȹ󣡡
̲סĻͷȥںڰпֻԶʮ˫ɺâ۾
Щ۾һбΣȥ̲סһļƤ
ʱѾʬʬǷЩѾ嵽ʬˡ
һǿϵĴʯͷʱǲܡƶᱻЩ֣ʯͷôһﶼͣ£طʯŵ赲ں淴Ҫ԰ȫ
ЩûУʯͷתʷʵ
ֻʷ̽ԴǰһۣشûУǶʬء
ЩûзǣһﲻɵһЩµʷʵ磬ЩĶѽ
ʷعͷһԴǺǣſ˫ֱȻһ£˵ѽһô󡣱ȹ󡣡
Ļһﶼɵĵһ˵طô£ôܳô󣬻᲻ʷأ
ȷ𣿡Щŵһʷ
ʷ˵ҵĵʿСүѽҶˡ󻹷ֲЩȻףѽ
Աһһ㶵ģһĭ˵үģܳôЩɾ˲ɣ
Ļո£ǰʹһڵ֨֨ĽĽ
ЩڳĶܴЩֵʷʵڸʲô
ֻʷüͷ΢΢ţȻžȶ˵Щʬ꣬мֻڿ߸ʬ
Ļһﲻɵĵһԭ߲ȱȫĸʬǱЩҧģǾȻ⣡
뵽ҾθЩʬİ׹Ƕľȫɢİ׹ǣʮа˾ҲЩϵˡ
Ҳ٣ʱʷȴǰͻȻһǶһ
磬򶨵˻˵ģֿʲôˡЩ䣬Ȼʷʵ
Щ棬ϳ߸ʬڳԵءʷ˵
ҲɵĳһʬĸʬǱ濴ֻߣЩ׹滹Ų֪پߡ
뵽治ɵֱðʬ浱϶һ߾ߵĸʬǿЩ׹ֻЩʬԵ֮ģʬӵ浽׻Ŷپ߸ʬ
طǹǼľסأԺᵽطӦǼϰףһڴ˾ס˲֪꣬ĸʬ϶ʮֵľˡ
һڶ뵽һ㣬ɫѿЩǿЩʬϵġ
ô죿СŴʵ
ȣֻеЩԱԼȥһͻᱻЩֵġʯͷѹ˵
֨֨
ʯͷĻո£ǰдĽֻֻĽȴҪȱĶ࣬ȥȻ͸¶һϡ
úô󣡡ʹ֮ʷǰ棬˵ֻԵЩ£˵΢΢ķ
ĻǾЩͷϽǰȥֻʱǰڵĿռг˵ȭͷһСĺ㣬а׸ߣȻһ˫۾
ҵѽж󣡡˫۾зһ
СţӲˡʷʱڲȻֻŵŵòᡣ
ЩͷͷЩ󶼲Ҷˡʷ˵
ţŵļһ϶ЩˣΪʲôܹôѲǳЩʬϵ⣬˱
ãǺˣʱʷͻȻһ
ֻո£ǰִ֨֨ĽЩҲȻǾͿһɫ۾Ǿͳ˹
ǱЩˣҲûʲôˣһϽֵͲ򿪣ź˹ȥ
һĶ˶һɫüΪѿֻʮֻ˶֨֨Ľǳ˹
ЩȻʷ˵һЩ˶ųıӣԲԲĶ䣬¶ֻƬһĴǿĶ
ЩӶһС֣ԲĹĵľһһϳֻɫâ۾ϵëǻҺڵɫ
Щ˶ҸоԼһôҲ벻һֻȻܹô
⻹㣬ΪЩһΪߴĺӰǸӰһ׶ߣںڰеӸһСţֻ࣬ȭͷһСĺɫ۾Ķǡ
ܣһڶЩɵˣֻʯͷѣǺһɤӡ
ǲŷӦʯͷԼǼһͷŤͷȥ
һһ߲ͣĻͷȥֻЩѾ嵽ʯ棬ǵȻȥԲĹĵģԵʮֵķ֣ٶȵǿĳ棬ҪĶ࣬ò˶ǾͻᱻЩ׷ϡ
ֻЩڲͣ׷кüֻѾʯţ˭֪ʱǸһľһ̶ˮĺͻȻһ죬ֻһںģ͵ںˮ˳ϵһֻ;˹ȥֻֻüһҽУͱϵˮ档


213 ±
ҿĺղˮĶǺɫģմճҺȥȥȻĴһ
ֻⴥָˮֻ֮ͨһ죬Ҳû˶ʱЩȫͣҲپʯš
ʱַֻֻ֨֨ĽȻ˶Ӿϳ˹
һڿĿֻСţһ㡣ϵëԵĲͬȥڷֻաһ
ֻոճ嵽ϣˮַˮɫĴˮ˳һӾ;ֻϡ
ȻסȴһҲţſŲԼϵĴҧȥ
һҧֻֻ֣ˮִһͬţһĳƺˮֻĴʹ֮⡣
ȻǾͿɫĴವһֵˮ棬ǱֻҧһҲҳ
ֻҡڵʯ˹ЩǾͳ˹
ʱŷӦȾǰܡطֵܴͲĹ߸ղǰľԴһﶼäĿǰ塣
һᣬ۵ĻˮʪˡͷһЩɶѾѾܽˣò˶þ׷ˡ
治ɵЩ飬Щ˶ӻϴ˵ҪЩΧסǾ군һ뵽Щǳ˳ģ͸ҸоһĶġ
Ҳ٣ˣǰû·ˣ˭֪ʱǰͻȻӵһ󺰡
ǳ嵽ǰǰһֻǰȻѾû·һ£ȥںģ֪жߡ
û뵽ȥȻܽһ·£һһӾɵˣʱЩѾǸˣܿһ˫˫ɫ۾
ʱʯͷһ
ͲһգֻʯȻ֪жߣǲ㶸ͣв͹ʯ飬ЩʯӦܹ
⣬һǰһҲжߣȥôЩҧҪǿöࡣ
±͹ʯ鲻٣ҺɵľȥǼһ̫أÿһȵýµʯ黩ֱ䣬ֻ˦ı棬ֻ¶һԴ
Ѿ˲ԶˣһǼһֻո뿪棬ʱЩѾ˹ֻڵӾ˹ȥ
ҸϽѽЩˣ
ӱֻʱҲŵķһİ
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ʱµվ棬̧ͷĶǣֻͼһҪЩҲҿɾͲˡ
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үУǼһղ־£ŪһĺںĴڴƵĽɵĲȻŭ˳ʯͳԴȥ
˶󣬿ǶȴǳӵʯͷոնȥӾԱ˿ȥֻԱ߶󣬶ʱֻּѹ˵ϣ֨֨ĲҽС
ʱԵøӵķŭӲͣ֨֨ţֻӵı棬۾ıţֻ޴ŵòͣİ
ĽУүҰ㶪ȥι󡣡Щջĺ𵽣ֻƺܹöвȻŵûڲͣķҲҷ
ʯŪʯͷҪѧһȥأ˭֪ЩȻź˿ȥǺûԶΪǻܹǰĺڰ֮Щһ˫˫ɺ۾ڲͣ˸ֻŭĽ
Щǲģֻܼˡʯͷ˵
طôôôûôءʷЩԾ˵
Ҿʮа˾ΪЩǳⳤģӦ÷ĳֻ졣˵
Щһ˫ɺɫ۾ǵ۾϶һŨŨЩΪǳιʳµġ
ҵĹԹԣЩֻ⣬ʬжˣӳԾʵ
ЩʬԶǼ岿ģ˵Ҳǧңʬһʬ壬Ҳò˶ܱЩԹģЩЩʬʳ
һʼĶӦþЩġսʱ򿴵ЩֵĶڣ˵
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ֶÿ춼ڳϲȥҧӲĶǶˣΪ˽ݸĥЩ֪ط˶ˣʯҲûпܡӽ͵
үѽط̫̬ˣǸϽɡֲ̧һѶͷϵĺˮ
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ҿӲʯϢһᡣʱʯͷ棬Ǻ


214 
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棬ڱóˮڣְǿȡ˺ŵⶫȻѳԡ˰ˣۻˣҪ
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һҧأþµĶϾ˹ȥĹҵƾѾ±֮ϡ
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վǵǰֻԵǸˣֻһңŴձƫͣ˵ڵʱӦò㰫ˡ
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ӦһìͷӦõһ֧ìǸìͷ˵
ǸоųìӣӦһ
˵ĵȻªǿİ˸ԵʮֵӢ䣬ӦþǼ岿һ˾ͷɡϸļһ˵ĵȻ˵
ǵ˵ͷͬƶϣʲô˲ôҲûбҪŪôһ񣬶һ⽫һչ¶
վ±棬ڸ䣬ǵ겿컹ʲôˣ
ط֮⣬ҲûʲôĶҸڵϣҪϢһᣬ˭֪ʯͷͻȻ˵ߣطϢ
Ļһﶼˣò˴ʱ䣬˭Ҳټ·ˣֵʵﲻԾˣ
ʯͷָָǸȻ˵Ǳ˸ģǾ֤طܹȥĵ·
ĻһﶼסˣŶ˼طȥĵ·ôЩпĵ·׷ǣ
뵽һֿʼһӾڵʱʷǰһۣȻֵָķ˵ǵطи


215 ߲ĵط
ֻʷ棬䣬ֽҡҡͷ˵ԣһ
Ѿûеطȥˣ˵һϽȥ˵
ʷָķ˹ȥûжãȻұ֮ϷĶڣڼһģһһʱɵˡ֪Ҫһ
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˵ʮеڿȥһģһҪǲСѡȥĶڣЩ˸ͷǿɾͲˡ
ô죬һʯͷʵһʲôѽ⣬ѾϰԵˡ
ʯͷûлشҡߵĶڣǰ˰֣Ǹû˳ֱߵǸ˽ȥ
һʯͷĸ죬ɫҲЩѿ˵ȥģЩѾϳ˹
ʯͷĻһﶼѾʱʯͷָĶڡǺ㣬ȥ
һһԵǰ˹ȥ
ɽܿխʯͷ˵Щ׷һﶼŵĹǺһǰ˹ȥ
ûжԶ֨֨Ľ氵вãЩѾ׷
ڴһﶼһĺҪЩǶֲʲôôȥ
˭֪ʱһֱǰͻȻͣɲһӾͺݺݵײһı棬װĶǺײŪĽ鱦һ²ûаҸײɢܡ
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ǰ˲ԶֻоɽƺڽıС˺棬Ȼֻһǿͨһǵٶּ˲٣Ǽһﻹǰߵĺֻĸš
ʱĴÿ˵Ķ棬ҼǼһĳôʲôض㺦ˡ
ʿСүѽҲ֪нѽҪ֪ڣҲôˣڼҲѽһﶼҪˣܱ߶˵
ǰʲôڷ⡣ǲĵʱǼһͻȻһɤӡ
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һһӾסˣʹ̧۾ΪԼˡ
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˳ָȥֻǵطԭںʯ֮ϳһĹ㣬Ȼ㿪ʼϵıûжãȻͱǸղſǸһģһ


216 ·
ĿǶʧȻֳɽһʯϣ˶ɵˡֹľͶӰͶӰһˣֳһ򿪡
ǸǵȴʵޱȣͶӰͶӰͲ˵ʵ
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Ȼֻʯͷϰǰţļһ̾ʳԱһǰͷɿĳ˹ȥ
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һǶƺоʯͷٶȣʧҲ죬ֻգ۵ĹѾȫˣʱʯͷӻǰٵĳš
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ЩѾǺܽˣһҲˣɽµѰһǳǸղŽǸڣͣλõĶ֮⣬Ҳûбĳ·
군ˣҪ군ˣǼһͷϵ亹ֱ䣬˵
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뵽һһԵĶܵ˶ڣǷֳڶڵߣʯͷһһңǰ档
ʱɽ֨֨ѾԽԽˣЩʱҵĽŲѾˣ˶ѹ˺֮
ֻԽԽڣһֱԴڶ̽˳ųıӣڿ£Ȼһ˫ɫ۾¿һۣͷǣ֨ĽһԴ͵ȥǸоΣգҪܡ
ʯͷеĵѾﻹܷŹĴһĵɿԴͿ˹ȥ
죬ʯͷӵĵԴ棬İԴֱӱǸҽûüˡ
Ҳ֪ѪҺԽʯͷֵǡǸ͹˲ϲΪֻԴ̽˳
˸Ͻ̧еĵֻ˹ȥֻһֻ̫죬ûпǵԴǿϣֻһʱûȻ֨֨˽


217 ˭
ֻӱˣڲͣܣȻͨŮˡǱϾҲǸŮˣʱŵɫҰף
ڲͣ壬ʯͷӸûֻҺʷ˹ȥһһ½ֻԴֱӿ
Ҳ֪ǲΪЩԭЩϵζŨ£ǵѪǴŨŨȳζ
ڸûЩĳζΪֳֻʯͷӵİΧ˽ҺʷϽְֻʰˡ
һЩ˵еܹʯͷӵĵǾܲҺʷ֡
һᶴڵʬѾֻҲûа취ˣһﲻɵһ
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˭֪ʱͨдǶвãֻû뵽Ҳˡ
ֻ֮ͨ洫ϤϤʯͷͷһۣɫһ䣬˵ãʬ塣
Ļո£ֻЩڶڽڶסʬһֻֻľͱ˳ȥҺʷһֻЩͬʬͨĵطȻȻſڴЩȻͬʬҲԣ
һʱͨ涼Щڿʳͬʬ巢Ŀ֨ǲɵëȻ
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ղǸڳȥʱ򣬶ܹȥģغأҾҵĹ۲죬ֻҪŲڶԱߵĵϣھͻʧôûпΪŲĹϵʧأ
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ǿߣסʯͷʱɫʮֵѿЩǺ
ҲߣҸһ¡Ҳʯͷغһɤӣ£ҪҲһ
ǸڱҪ߽ȥ˵ҪһסЩ󣬲˶ȥֻ·һ
ǶߣүҲߣ˶һֻǿϧˣүò׳ٶ⣬ͷι󡣡һϵĺ⣬һֻԴһ롣
°ɣǶᣬϰҲˣҲûʲôǣˡʱʷЦһ£˵
һ˵ʲôû뵽ʯͷȴͻȻ˵ôˣҺʷߣȥǴһҲ
ʯͷĻҲ֪ôʱϵԽöҲԽŪĸ˭Ҳȥ
һԥǼһһĭվǸ˹ȥһһ˵ʷ磬ҪܻųȥǷһҪˣÿĽ죬Ůȥ㡣
˵꣬Сĵߵ˶ڣͷһۣҿ۾Ѿͨ죬ˮȻǰţ˳ȥ
ˡʷʯͷң˵
ѾˣʷȱڣЩڲͣǰ壬Ҽᶨҡҡͷ˵ҲߣҪһ
˭֪ҵĻ֮һֱĬʯͷȴͻȻ֣һѾͽҿ˼ͷȻźͳ˹ȥһûô£;һᣬڵһֱֱǰ涪˹ȥ
ԭʯͷҲߣȻֱӰҸ˳ȥ
Ŷڷȥ̧ͷŶڵΣֻʯͷһ뿪ʷͷһ󺰣еĵ棬ӭЩͳ˹ȥ˲мֻצץ·Ѫ졭


218 õľ
û뵽ʯͷȻҸֱӶ˳ȥûа㷴Ļᣬֻҳ֮ǰͷһۡ
ֻʷһЩֱӳ˹ȥֻ˲ͳ嵽ǰӸץѪ졣
ʱҵԴһƬհף۾ˮƲסһ˻ߵĺ
Ȼһ̣Ҿ;ϴһĸоǰ׹ҲʯͷʷǿĲݵأлɫ¹⡣
һУֱҵ˵ϣĹȥԶʯͷõܴ󣬰Ҹˤûͷۡ
Ȼʹޱȣڸ͹˲ϣ͵ڵҪȥģ́ͷǰһʱɵˣֻǰһƬ⻬ʯڣʲôҲûС
֪϶Ǹ±λãϽŤͷűȥֻʯʲôҲûУûǸĶڡ
Щڵϡ֪⵽ô£һᣬͻȻѾһˣƶӦҲԶҷĴǼ˵֡
˭֪Һ˰죬ɤӶˣΧȻһûдֻжûУǵĻˡ
һֲõԤУ˵ѲǸõλñҪܶ࣬һֿˡ
һֻۣǰƬݵزǺܴԶԿɭֺɽ壬ݵΧûҵģ⾿ô£
ַĺûҸоЩۣޱȣһ뵽ղʷֻйĳҵѪ̲סͷֱ塣
Ҳܲ˵ʯھͳ˹ȥһ˵棬սȭͷݺݵ洷򣬿дţҲүѽӳѽ
ƾôʯûа㶯
Ҳ֪˶ãѾû˰϶ѪĿʯڣ˯˹ȥ
Ǳһѵģһۣ;ǰһʹѾ˰죬̫ͳˡ
ǰȥֻݵصıԵһСϪϪˮ̫յ档Եˮ⣬ʱϪˮ֮վһֻֻ˶İɫ
ԶЩɫĶ￴ȥֻһС׵㣬ҿԿڲͣȶӦһࡣ
ҵĶдЩĽֻǵĽԵ𣬸߿һĺЩһֻֻİ׺ף
Щ׺ȻұȽԶһܹ壬ǵ˶󣬱Ҽİ׺һࡣ
ʱҵǰһƬ̵Ĳݵأ۵ĲҶ滹ŵ㾧Ө¶ˮԶϪˮʹ֮峿ҫ£һ㵭İɫ
̧۾ΪԼΣǰľֱɾûʲô
һعҿŵʯڣֻһֱϵɽ壬֮УȻߵĿʯڹ⻬ͬһ澵ӣ˵ˣǺӹҲȥ
ֺݺݵһԼĴȣʹĸо֪ⲢΣҲ˲ЩǴɽ塣
Ҿ汻ʯͷģȴͲ֪Ӧôȥ
һۿĻ棬֪ʷʮа˾Ѿˣʯͷأ᲻Ҳʷһ£ɽô󣬾ټӼˣҲǶ֡
֪ڵôˣǰ취ûУɽǰת˼Ȧһع˫ַŵϣִĽӺ;֡
ԶЩ׺ױҵĽŵɣԶ˹ȥҷЩ׺׺ûзɶߣʲôһ
Щֵ̧ͷһ죬ֻ֮ϲʱƮƬƣûκε쳣Щ׺ô£
Һ˼ɤӣǳ˱ɵİ׺׷֮⣬ûаĻ
ʱҳ׵û˰취ȫ֪ô죬زȥǸɽҲҲǣطֻʣԼȻǰķ羰续ɸе¶į
ڵ˰죬ջǾȵȣΪҳǸڿԲͣı÷ӦкܴĿһγʯϡ
뵽̤ʵһ㣬ӹĽڱóûг⣬ҵ˼ڡ
һֱȵͷбǸûг֣֪Ѿˣǰ߰أҪŪɲѾԲûѡ
Ȼطͬɾ˭Ҳ֪ԶĴ浽ûʲôΣյҰޣҰ˲ݣԼϣȻô󣬿ܹڵԼϵζ
Ҳ˯һֱĶǸʯڣһֱûٴγ֣ȫİĵطֻԼһ˵Ļ£ֱǶʹļ尾ѹֵҪУҪ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱ򣬷һ˯˹ȥڶһѾˣԶ
ҸϽһʯڣ糣Ҳ֪˯ŵʱǸûг֣вɵЩûڡ
תǰȥֻ׺סϪˮ֣һϡգЩε˵ϣƬ֮ȴһڵϵǰ
֮𾪣ΪǰľȻȥһɷ⣬ΪЩ׺ףСϪСϪҲҼ֣
мͻĴҼǵǽǼͲӰط濳ģСϪԵıҪϲ٣ˮķҲȫ෴
Щ֤ʲôĻСϪҿĿһɫʯͷǿʯͷˮţһСҲʧ


219 һԴ
ʱһѾܹ϶Ȼǰľ쿴ЩͬȫططԼã
뵽治ɵһķȫŪ⵽ôһ£̶ľΪʲôܹԼá
ҸϽԼһۣһǣɽϲûʲôֱ
ǰȥϸĹ۲һ£Ѿ۶ϣطȷʵһҹ֮Ϣı˾ֻõĵطǰƬݵءԶϪˮƬ֡
Ȼ쳣ȫ֪ô죬Ҫǣһܹ˶ûС
һƨɾ˵ϣ˵ô䣬Ӿʯͷǡ
һɽ֮ǰ죬˵죬ҾͿסˡҵȲȥˣǿ⻹бˮѾȫˣټȥҲҲᱻġ
⼸̲ס˯ȥ֮⣬ҼڶƬʯڣǶʼնûг֣ҶҲЩй˵Ҳǰ취ɽһֱ֣Ѳһܵһӣ
ҽһ£ڱԶƬֺϪˮ⼸һֱڲͣıţһһӣȻÿεľ󶼺ͬһֱĹ۲죬Բд
ҵܳǰĲݵغԶĴ֣ǸƵɽ壬ȻǸҾЩûףֻôһ·ߣοѾûʳˮǰˮϪˮӦû㡣
⼸һֱڿǿɰͰ͵⡣ûгԱһ뵽Ϫˮп㣬ҵĶӾͲ֪Ĺ
ĭ˵ԼҲѾ·ˣǰ̶ѨСүҲҪȥһˡ
ǰȥ⼸ڹѹ֣ҲɵĴһŵЩϪˮ׽ԵɺԶĴַ˹ȥ
ҿһĺɫɽ塣ֻЩɽҲ֪жԶȥЩģɽһ¾룬ôҲӦа￪⡣
뵽гһ˵ǰɭֵѲаٶ๫Ҳ̫˵㡣
ܲͣĲ鿴ţ˵ɽô£Ӽ˵׸͵ʯͷûг
ȻǰƬɭִҵЩеη壬涢ŵĶСϪΪֶֿðˡ
Ҽһ·Сܵĳ嵽СϪߣֻСϪ׵ľ롣ϪˮɼɫԲԲĶʯɼ
ſϪˮߣ߶ʮһǴڴڵĺһͨϪˮɿڣκοȪˮζá
ˮϴ˰۾ĶϪˮ棬ֻϪˮһȺȺСڲͣȥ
ЩССĿأҵȻȥץԣϪˮмȥʱԿһʮҵĴȥ
ЩɫϳϸϸƬ̫һգ⣬ȥʮֵҴûм㣬ǹĹĵӣҵĿˮҪζ϶ʮֵ
ط֮ӰҲҸɴѹ·ͨһϪˮ棬һϴ裬һ׽㡣
ЩʮֵǳЩΪʳİ׺׶ˣҺϪˮмҲֻոյҵĴλá
ùľվϪˮһҲĶԼǰˮ档
ֻһмεҵĽűߣҾŽٵһͲȥЩʵ̫ҷ˰ŪѾ㹻ҳԵҸϽϪˮһߣŪһѸɲ񣬽Щ㿪ƶ֮󣬼ڻϿ
Ȼͬƶϵ֬ܶ࣬һͣµֱͣҵıǿס
㿾ˣҾһ̻ʣϵĹͷȻ࣬Ͳ±̵ϵһ˵ȻûзʲôϣһζҲûС
ҰֻԵĸɸɾſڲݵϣ⼸˵㲣ڳԱ㣬ڲݵϣůůͷһɹڵЩ
۾ǰȻطԨһԴһԴһֱһԴûôûнҵǺط
һ˯ʱһͻȻϪˮƮһʲô
ҵԴ˹ڵϪˮȥֻƮĶǱģһ·
·ҲڵΪ·ʮֵ죬Ǽһﴩ£
ҸϽ嵽ˮ棬·õһȴǲɵһֻ·һĿӣǿǱ˺һ
·ĿӣҲɵĳһͻͻֱȻû淢Ѫ滹ǲɵİģӵ·ôôһѵʲô˺µ
·֪Ϫˮ˶ãȻûѪһǲҶ϶Ǽһﵽûˣǰ溰˼ɤӣǸûл
Լ侲һᣬӵ·ϸĹ۲ֻ·ĺ󱳶˺ˣͲܴˣпܾΪӸġ
Ҳ֪·ôŪ滹ǲɵľһǰɭɭ֣Щ˵Ѳ⿴ƽ滹ʲôΣյǼһڵôˣ
СĵĶ˰죬ɭûа㶯һ򵥵ʰһ±ңСϪȥӵ·Ʈģ˳ϪˮϣӦкܴĿܸᡣ


220 
һ·СϪǰߣ˾ͺȵϪˮ˾ȥץԡһֱߵҲûпǼһ治ɵЩϣǼһʲôΣա
Ϫˮϵλûᷢ仯ҺԼҲϪˮλã㿾֮ҾԶԶܵһߵĲݵӪ
һ˯ѣͳֻһʱ䣬ֻѾʮˣݵЩ䡣ڵһӣ˭֪һ̧ͷȴͻȻǰϪˮԾȻһѺ
һ°ҸһϸһǰľȻڲֱ֪ģѾǰҿǸ龰
ֻԱߵĲݵϣʱһںӰӣӰӵģӦһˡ
ѺӰмĲҪѹסˣΪֹĵط˭Ҳұ֤ǸӰԼˡ
СĵǰȥǻѻʮԶĵطֻڵϵǸһڵϵһѴ󿳵ӳԱ߻ϷĹâ
Ҳ٣ǹȻһ𣬳Ҿͽ
ûһĺ£˵ĴΪվ˻ĽҶǳϤǸһﻹ˭
ҵĽǰһ£ŷӦңϽҴĺҲ٣ʿСү
˹ȥ˵غģһ˭
ʱ䶼һ˶ȹģ˵˶ûУǼһӦøҲһһԷֱ
һѽұסˡĴҵĺ˵ڼˣ⼸ɰҸˣ
ұյЩɹЦĺĴ¡
˭֪ҵһ䵽ӵıϣһͷһʹȻɿ֡
ʱҲϪˮзֵ£ʲôˡ
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˭֪ҵĻǼһƤȴһĳ鴤˰ҲûлشҡҿıƺЩΡ
ıŪͷˮļʵôˣ
ʱǼһǿ˿ڣ˵ǶڳʱһžͲ˸գֱӹҵˡ
ԭǼһȥĶڲǽŵ棬ɽ֮ϣ׵ľ룬һһȥֱˤ˵ϣҪĶλһôһʱ·ҵ˴ϡ
˵꣬ҲЦ˵һҲùģֲҿ·ûʲôѪҲ֪ǳȥĶľ
أӶһ٣Сʵ
֪ʵĲǾʯͷʷһ£Ȼ˵󿴵ĳ
ʷӦˣʯͷʱ¶ۡ˵
ΪҳʱʷѾֻסˣʯͷֻ֣Ҫɵڶ֮кܴĻܹȥ
ֻӾ˵꣬˵ͷû˵ʲôҿ۾ѾķỨ
Ȼ̾һ˵ǰһĹЩһΣնǵһ·үҲϰˣԭΪʷʮʮҲˣû뵽ǸүǣٱүǡԺÿڣҶŮȥ
˵̲סҲܲζתƿ⣬ʵأ
֪ʵǾҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ǵطˤҼǸˤϣ˭֪浽ʲôҲҽȥֻˮһֱߡ
һϽʵѵûз֣طÿ춼òһ𣿡
ҵĻǼһһ£Ȼ͵һĴȣ˵Ҳ٣ôһ˵һЩһѹÿʲôطԾﵽʲô
ӵĻҲɵЩ˵һĿɹģ˼죬Ȼⶼûз֡
һۣͻȻһܹ֮طԼþΪɽ´죬Ҵĵطûб仯仯СϪ֣һֱСϪߵģҲǸСϪڲͣıλá
СϪǰ濴ɫ࣬ǲݵغɽ壬Ҳѹһûע⵽
ҸϽҵƶϸ˵һ£Ǽһһ£һĴ˵ģҵĶˣ¶ţ˵˳СϪߺôҲԣ˭뵽Ȼ
ҿӵǰ֣ͻȻһ͵뵽һ㣡طȻ֪Ϊÿ춼þ󣬿Ǹ⼸Ĺ۲죬СϪƺΧǰƬֵġ
ôûпܣֺСϪǸˮϵļľ壬ÿ϶һλãǲô䣬СϪʼնֵ档
һ߽СϪߵһƯľϣֻҪϲôͻľƮҽܹ֮ӣܾܿΪڵǿľԼƮҵĸǰ
ҸϽԼƶϸ˵һ£һһ㶵ģ˰źϴŵͣ˵ʿСүȻҾ뷨Щطпܡ
ҵ˵ͷһֱ˯棬ûжǼһ˯ڻԱߣҲûжǲģҸղŵƶϡ
ʱЩĪļΪһֻҪڲݵϵţЩÿԼƮôͺпҵǣΪֻҪûнֵ϶Ҳеһ֮ϣܻƮǵĸǰ
ҰԼ뷨˵ˣͷ˵Сү⼸û⡣


221 
Һһ£СϪĲݵϵȼ쿴ͬҲ²ƬǷָļĻôֻҪ˲ȥ棬пܻŰԶߵǰ
ȵڶһҺ濳㹻ĸɲ񣬶СϪԼһ·Ĳݵϣá
һط˼ˣͱﻵˣҲһһǼһûšǶġ֪Ѿĺ
ˣҹϰҹǼһ֮󣬾͵ڵϺĴ˯
һֱĶǰϪˮ֣ҪۿطôԼõλá
֪ʱѾʮ㣬Ȼ˸ûʱˣһҲûУǼһ˯һᣬǰľûз仯Ҿٵһȡ
ʱһһĹȥ֪ʱǰľͻȻŨŨİΧһʼǲҶûע⣬ǵעʱǰѾŨƬŨֻܹ֮һӰӡ
ʱҾúЩ٣սȭͷĶǰ棬ֻڲͣĻζ
ʱûһ˿磬ЩľͲԼζҽŵĶҪˣһµڵϺ˯ӡ
⼸춼ԼһˣǼһһֱŸ߶ȽڣһڿԺúõ˯һˣһ߹ȥһȻûа㷴Ӧ
ҸϽֲһţһõЩǼһ͵ؾڵĴ󿳵ŵ¿һۣȻʵôˣ
ָָǰ棬˵쿴ǵطѾʼƶˡ
ҵĻӸϽǰȥȿ֮һҲɵĽתͷС˵Ҳ٣طĻԼ⵽ôһѽ
Ҳ֪ôһ£ûа취شֻҡҡͷ۲ǰı仯
ֻŨЩӰӲͣĻȥһֻֻĹӰһ㣬Һͷֱ
Ҳ֪˶ãЩһҲˣȻŨŨİʱϢɢ˿ȥ
ЩŨɢȥӳָ̧ͣǰ棬˵ˣȻˣǿôûˣ
ҺڰʱѡһñȱľҪߵĴƬѾǿôӰӣطȻͬҲ²
ͳֻһѾ賿ˣЩۣǼһкȥ˯ˡ
ڶǱһѵģֻǼһһ۾Ͷָǰ棬˷ܵ˵ʿСүˣǰһѻң
ԭһһһܵСϪԱȥˣСϪ߷һѻҽвٳʣµͷ
͵ؾڵϽϪ߳˹ȥܹҵ˵ҶЩ˷ܡ
һߵСϪߣҾ;ЩͷΪǰľҸеʮֵϤҿǶµĻҽ̵ʱ򣬲ɵĿЦ
ǼһﲻֵʵʿСүЦʲôѽѽ
ƨǰġҡҡͷЦ˵
ѹָղŻῴ죬ԭطǰͣĵط㣬һӵ··֪˳ϪˮƮʲôطȥˡ
뵽ӵ·ҲɵЩһ㶣ǰСϪطɼСɵĻôСϪӦôͣЩÿ춼飬ĻôСϪˮӦ͸ˡ
⵽ǸʲôطͻȻЩټû˯ãϪ߾˯ʱֶѾˣһŵһ̧ͷһǼһﲻ֪ʲôʱѾץ˼㣬ڻϿ͡
˼㣬ҷһƺȸսʱҪˣ͹⣬Ϫˮ㵹Ǻӡ
ʿСүǻȥʵ
ûбİ취ȵȼ쿴ɡ˵Ǽһ˵ͷ˵
ҺӾֵ죬ÿ϶ܵСϪ߿ûµĺۼÿζһЩʼҵƶϵȷ
ȵ˵ϣӻ˯ߵСϪߣһҷֺϴЩһˣΪСϪߵĲݵϷһнӡһѾ
µĻҽϿжϣǸ뿪طӦò졣
ʱĵ˷ܣطʮˣڷ˵ټˣҸϽԶӴ˼ҵڵһ£Ȼ֪˷֣ƨƨߵľͳ˹
ϸĹ۲һµĽӡмѾԶ϶ͣ˿϶ǾɣΪЩӡȳ˵ҪСϲ٣һֻоһ˲ӡ
ʿСүط֣ʱվǶµĻҽԣҴĺ
ҸϽ˹ȥŷ֣ԱһϵĲѾ˸Ȼ˼֣棬طߣ
ּܷ㹤Ǿɡ
µ֣ҺӶɴ۾Ϊ⼸ʬĶַ˼ΣȻϲ˵涼ɵİģѾȥ˿һˣһ£ҪҲǣǾˡ
ҺӶһۣжЩ˷ܣΪɽأûмʲôľͱЩ˳ط˼죬жЩˣû뵽طƽʬԵǾƬ档
Ϣи˹ˣлŲСʣּԿ϶ǾģŮΪʲô֪ô飿϶ʲôǣŮ˲Լ˵򵥡
뵽ְѾһߣ˵ΪĲԲŻ֪ôŮʯܣһҲʣȻܹЯǹ֧
Լһǹһμʱ˫֣ˬҲһѲǹõĻǲı׼ǹһԶǹŮǮѲǹ˫֣ˬڳվôͨİ죿
뵽ҸӵĿ϶ǸŮˣһʲôǣݾԲԼ˵ô򵥡
ȻþЩ֣ǵӦòƭǣΪΪֹ֮ûʲôľ
ʿСүҪҪȥ˵
һǰ֣Ȼط˹죬ȥ滹֪ҪʲôΣգǣǱҪȥ
ӵĻ֮Ҷᶨĵ˵ͷ˵ȥ


222 ʧ
ȻʮֵĹ죬治֪ʲôǿΣգǵջǶԡ޷ܣҲûѡΪûǽⶾǾͻ
ҺӼ򵥵ʰһңϪˮץʮ㣬֮װϴ棬Ҳ֪ܲҵԵĶ⼸ܹǶ졣
Һʰ׵֮гˣܰ١еľ࣬Եúá
쿴ûԶͻȻָߵһôҺ
˳ָȥֻǿ棬һƤѾ¶׻ƤƤ˵ְһС
ȥϸļһƤǱõӻذ׸ģҪʲôۼӦþǾǵ
˵Ů˹ģ֪׷ٵĺۼǰߣԶǰͻһۼ·һָǰһҺӶʡ˲
Һ˳žĺۼһֱߵ˰ǰЩۼͻȻӰЩģµĲһһҲûз־µĺۼ
⵽ô£վӣȻ˺ۼˣǾͲܰ;ϡʲôΣգ
뵽治ɵĿһӣһˣҪʲôҰޣ׶༪٣
Ҳ뵽һ㣬̧ͷһۣ˵ǲʲô鷳˰ɣ
ҸϽֺӷֿѰһûʲô֣ǰûκεĺۼߵطĪʧһôܣ
ǾʲôҰޣ϶һҰ޳ԵŮ˵Ը񣬿϶ƴĲôͻۼǰĲݵʲôûУ̫ˡ
̧ͷһӣ¶Դıһ⼫ΪĴұӱȹĶ飬ԡ
һѽӵı˳ⱷΪҪôŵֱУһ˫޹۾ҡ
֪ⶫװûǰൽºۼһ̴ǰʵȻҲö˵סζûУҵˡ
ûֻûбϣû뵽ⶫҵĻ֮ȴӵĽβ˦£ҵ˵ͷ
һţϽҴ·ֻûǰȣͲ·ֻҰβָ·
Ǽһ￴ⲻɵЦ˵⻹еõģҿǰʱûаˡ
ֻӣԹӵĽ
ⶫΪĴûǰȣԼߣ䵽ǵ棬ǴطѧĹһ㣬Ǿ㲻ŪطһûȺչ˵Ҳֻ·һ
ָֻ㣬ǰһξ룬˭֪ʱֻβȴҲָǰ档
Щֵһһֻ۾ǰ棬ӵĽţãȻ
ǼһΪֻ͵־ͳһƣģӺúô·͵СҰƤ
֮Ǳһ򣬷ҵĺУϿ˿ûиָ·ֻǵһ˫۾ңβͲͣİȥ
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ҸϽʵǲŲµζˣ
ӱҵĻ֮󣬿зӽͣĵͷ
һʧ䣬ȻҸˣߵѾȫʧȥټôܣʲô飿
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ӱҸһȻʵʲôƶ˵ʲô
ҸϽ֮ߵطȫʧȥ˾ټΪûط
̫ѾɽˣҺӸһ·мϢһΣǸŮˣҪһЩԾߵطʱӦϣͻϢ
طɵһôпܣھϢʱڵǿƵ˱λãûºۼ
ҰԼƶϸ˵꣬һգգ۾Ȼ˵ͷʧ̫ͻȻһˣͲôĪʧҲֻһܹ͵ͨ
ͨһҺӷĲ٣Ů˲ʲôΣգǰҹﱻµİָ˱ĵطȥˡ
ϸһ£طıһƯİĻô⼸Ĺ۲죬Ӧǲͣת仯Ǵﵽڣߴڵ仯ģҲΪʲôǿСϪһֱԭЩ֮תһĹɣҶ
뵽ǰһۣͬҲ²ôֻҪߣкܴĿܻ棬Щƶ϶һĵ㣬ֻҪߵĵ㣬Ǿܾ۵һ졣
ʱѾĺҺһ£ϾˣΪΧǴִľ֦ԾĶǣɭ棬ϢҪڵϢȫĶࡣ
Һѡһôȥϴξһѹ֦ҸһȺ棬ûιǣһҴҲٴһ֦档
һһ£ѡ֦ϣҲҹӰֻó˱ңŵԱһִ֦棬ⶫйΣգһʱܷ֡
֪Ѿˣֲ֪˶ãףȴôҲ˯žԱߵֻͣķһͳĺУͬǺҲ֪ǲ˼Щˡ
ҷ˸Լ飬֮Ի˵ʦͻȻ뿪ŷֲĹϵֱӵĹϵżʦƤ
ƤȥĹȻŻô鷢룬ĸоЩͷΪһоڹָȥһ
˵߹ʦֺʦ嶼ȥģҲϵľȻ˵ʶҸͲţĹ濴֮ĪʧˣҲߵġжĻŨ˼֣Ϊ룬ȥĹ
Щͷܣ֪þ˯˹ȥҲ֪˶ã˹˯ѵģǱѵġ
ҵֻֻͣķصĽʧںʲôһѹüͣȥ˿־塣
֪ͷһӾǰһֻǰ֦һ˫Ҷ۾ĹâĶҡ


223 
һ˫䶢Լ۾ŵõһûһͷԵȥҳ˫Ҷ۾һʲô
Ҹһֻ˫۾һȻ洫ˢˢ˫۾ƺҸŵˣʼܡ
Ҳ٣ӱҵֱˣ㷭ȥһץס֦ʵôˣʲô
ǰһָ˵쿴
ֻһɫӰӣһÿô治ͣĴ󡣽ҶԶȥ
ӰһӾʵǸʲô
ղⶫҶ棬Һ֮ͷɿˣϣ߲ãټǶܵķɿ죬ҲûпǵǸʲô⣬ڿӰӣƺǸΡ
ֻǺӰһÿô֮䴩Уÿһе֮ľ벢һԾ˹ȥֱȺӻҪһʧǵ֮С
Ǻ𣿡Ĩһͷϵĺˮʵ
ҡҡͷղǶĶȻݵĸӲ࣬Ե
ⶫҪһӴĶ࣬ȥһ˵£ǸղϷɱʱҿⶫϵƤ⻬ûһëԲһֻӡ
Ǻӡҡҡͷ˵
ҵһˡ˼һ¸ղſΣ˵
ҵĻǼһŴͣȻʵ˭
ⶫȻʯͷǼôǡطѲɻʲô˲ɣ
뵽ҾЩûףôһڣҺ˭Ҳ˯ˣ֦ţһ²ͣĴǸڳ
Ҳ֪˶ãľЩԾ۾ȴ治֪ʱѾƮһ㵭İ
Щоͽ⼸Ĺ۲ҺǴطı仯
ԭÿ賿ӵʱطͻЩܿͻɴƬɭȫڵһʧңƬŨҲԶɢȥľѾĵķ˱仯
ˣҺӶЩţ֪طֿʼ仯ˣֻһθǰһǰҺӶԶԶĶ棬һȴ䣬Щš
ֻЩԽԽŨ˲ĹѾȫƬָЩ濴ʱãҸ棬֪жŨòףȻԷ塣
ֻƺŨŨоʲôΣգͣķͳǺͬʣҺ˻
үģҽи󣬸ү죬Ҫ˰˳ˣӱֻŪͷðһѽץ˹ı档
ȻֻټˣҸ˲ûзɣΪŨŨǸоһǿҵΣպѹָС
ҺСĵſ֦һҲҶʱȴͻȻԼֱ߷һƺߣƺ෢ġ
ȻƺӦǺԶʱѾϸ΢ļˣҵĶ棬ȴǲһΪҷǳǳϤʯͷ
ҼһվӱҵĶһҸеô˵ʿСү
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һΣӸϽҴĺʿСүɱܣҸϣɢ
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ҵ˵ͷϽһԼϲţʱǰĴƺߣȻһҵĽŲŲԽԽԶӦǵķȥġ
ҾŲ϶ʯͷŹϵϽĵطĴʯͷǴ
ҵ֮ԶͻȻһӦ˰ַŵڱ߷ʯͷѾԿ϶ղӦþ
ҲͣӸϽʯͷķ׷˹ȥֻط̫ŨҺӼµ·ߵĺСġ
һǰߣһߺʯͷ֣֮󣬾ҲûʯͷİϢôУҲû˻
ҵʯͷǼһʲôΣգＱȹϵϣһֱҲûʲô֡
ʱȴһѽҸסˣ˵š
Ҳ֪Ҫʲôһһŵӣ֪һ֣ɵһ
һҲ֪ͷΪϴĿĴһѪζζҸо
ʮа˾ʯͷǼһģֻЩѪĻĵġ
һҪǰȴһץסҵ䣬˵㿴ЩҪɢˡ
̧ͷһЩȻȸղűϡ֪طλѾƶˣҲ֪ûиűλá


224 Ĳͬ
ЩıȥûжþѾɢ̧ͷһֻҺյǿŴѾˣطȻֱ任ˡ
ûЩϽŸղŴʯͷĵطȥ˴Լ׵ľ룬ǹѪζҲԽŨ
ֵͲǰһգŵòûֻǰĲݵϴʱѪЩݶᣬȻط϶һս
ǵطҺһɤӡֵͲһƬݴ˹ȥ
Ҷһֻǲݴ档ʱ̽һֱֱۣѪ
Ȼ溦£Һӻֱ˹ȥһʼΪһڲݴ棬̽ء
˭֪߽һȻֻһֱֱۣڼλˢˢĶϿ룬ӦǱʲô˸һġ
ֱۣʯͷƺ˵ʮа˾ⶫʯͷ֮󣬱ʯͷġ
ҺϸļֱֱֻۣƤڡûëǴСϿֱۼΪƣֻƲͬ
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ﵽʲô֣ôģֱۣʵ
ҴûмҲû˵ƳĹҿµĴ򶷺ۼҾֶ֪϶ʮֵѶԸ
һҺӸѵĺӰа뵽Ѳⶫֱ۾ǸһĹ
ҺӸϽϸļһµ棬ĽӡͺۼЩﲢֻһֻֻ
ֿʼʯͷˣôΧҲ֪ʯͷǼһûˣȥ
Ũɢȥֱ֮þĵģҲûаЩżĽʯͷ֡Ǻ˰û˻Ӧ
컹ûü׷٣ЩйʱǰȴͻȻһЩɻǰǰǵʿСү𣿡
ҺӶһ£ȻʯͷģҲǳϤ
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һǣֱҪ޳ˣֻðο䣬Щֵʵô
ԭɽ֮ɵˣΪǰģΪͻû뵽һȴֻԼ
˴뱲ӣһֱʵͽũûмʲô棬Ҳû뵽ǶҲλá
ڶȣһȾ͵죬òˣŵСϪȥץԵġ
˵ԵüΪĺ£Ķ˵֪ط̫ˣҿÿ춼һӡ
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СѧûҵȻʲôȻ󣬲ҵĻ֮ԵһŶǼ˵
ԭһֱСϪߴţ˾׽ԣһֱǰ죬ͻȻһѻҽǶѻҽǾġ
˾ԣҪǣԲŻǡ
ĻҺӵ˵ͷһصѪˮЩʵʿСүطôѽ
ĻͻȻһղܹ˵϶ǲԶղʯͷЩ򶷣ҲûѽΪʲôװʲôҲ֪⣡
뵽Ҳɵһۣע⣬˼ƣȻָָ
Ǹˣҵƾ֪ҵ뷨ҵ˵ͷĵתĺ档
ղԱߣװʲô֪˺ܴģֻͷͣŵϵѪˮԵüΪĺ¡
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硣һ
ЩΪʲôͻȻ̧ͷʵҡ
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ٶһѹȥͷһҺſڵϲͣĽţǸʲôҪʲô
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ʦ˵ɽо֣ܹûεĲղŵıЩ죬ҲŻǲʲôֱɣϾֵطܷʲô˭Ҳұ֤
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ѽʿСүֵܣôˣ࣬ҶҪˡ
ǼһĽ˽ֱۣ۵ǷһɱһĲҽС
ģʲô֣ʿСүǻᷨģӲСİˣв
ʱϵ۵鶼ˣغţѽϣֿˣү֣
һĶ۾ЦȻʵȻܽһ¸ղôΪʲôûĴأ
ҵĻһ£ϵɫ䣬һ˫۾ֱҡ


225 
һ£ԥ˵ʲôһֱ˯ʲôҲûѽ
ҿı鲻ѡһʱӻϣšֱۣϽӽɿ
ͷˮңʵôˣ
ҳӰ˰˵ˣŪˡ
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ҵĻŤͷԱߴһۣȻ͵һĴȣ˵̵ġ첻һˣ
ڵطһղųĵطȴǸȫͬͺܺýղΪʲôûˡΪͲʱµİϢԼƶ˹
Ҳ뵽һ㣬һϷϽĴϵ˵˼ղܴˣû˵𣿡
Ǽһѹòᣬھδ㶵ǣʵôǣ
ҸϽǷȻһ£ҵĽ֮ȻתͷӿЦѹˡ
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ʱϵҲˣڵļֱֲָͳֻһʱ䣬Ѿ賿ĵˣҪˣֻĺڰ
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ǸϽּһƬսûзָõĶֻһѪǰ졣
ǸѪǰߣͨڵϵĽӡԿĳЩ׷ʯͷΪǰµĴЬĽӡԵʯͷġ
ʱǲſ壬ЩµĽӡȻҲֺֻͷֺͷܳҶѼһ롣
ҶڵϸоһЩµĽӡԽֶĽһˮĶǵָͽָֺܳӦҲܹץĺο
⵽һʲôѲֶˮζ֦䴩Ծ
ǰ˲ԶϵѪͽӡͻȻʧˣǸûгֹһ
£ڵϵĽӡܾôƾʧģֻطܣΪڲͣıá
׷Ҿ֪϶ǵַ˱ãʯͷЩܽһ飬ǲ׷ˡ
ȻЩʯͷİȫһһطʯͷĺۼ֤ʯͷûǶ棬˳֣Ӧòʲô£ֻǲ֪ʷǻ
ô죿ʯͷĽӡʧʵ
ҲˣֻмǰߣʯͷȻܹɭ棬ʮа˾Ҳǿ˾ּҵЩľһŮϼ쵽׻᲻Σա
Ǽǰߣ磬һﶼùǺڵһϢһ߽ʳƬϰٹСҹһλã߲㣬ûԶӦĻԶš
ҷ֣ԽߣľԽܣѾʼַ˵һСľͻᱻ̵

ڵϳŶȻķ·һ
͵̧ͷΪԼˣתͷӺȥֻҲŸղķ򣬺Ҳˡ
ˣһӾڵվ
ǸŮġ˵
ղĵطȻһξ룬ȥ΢һﻹóŮ˵Ľ
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ӳǰ棬еĴ󿳵·ǰ˲ԶǾȻ˻ˮ֣ǲɭֵ滹кˮ
ԽǰߣˮԽʱǰͻȻͣǻһֱۡ
֪϶ʲôʵʲô
쿴ǰ棡ֱָǰ˵
Ҹվһ˳ָǰȥֻǰֳһƬյأյصǰȻһСӣ
СӱСϪҪϲ٣ҿȥˮҲǰ棬СϪԱߣһţľ޴ʯʱǿʯͷȻһŮˣ
ֻǸŮ˱ǣʯͷ棬еչԡһ㣬ʲôûд¶ѩ׵˫ͺ󱳣ںڳͷɢʯ档
һУǶɵˣ𾪵ǣŮ˾Ȼû˫ȣ£Ȼһɫβͣ
ʲô𣿡۾ֱǰ棬Ѿɵˡ
ҲĶǸŮˣ¶ıʮֵƯƤѩף˵ĺɫβͣκ˶ѿջ
ǰǳһβ͵Ů˷ʱȴǷһ̾Ϣ
һ㶣ΪǳϤǾǸʶôʱ䣬Ȼ
ʱͷϵ亹ˣһۣСʵүⲻǸŮ˰ɣ
Ҳ㲻ʲôⶫղŷһģһͻͻֱ˵ѲɻǾ
Ů˵һβ͸׵ıĶԱȣı׵ĸѩһβȴڷһͭǮһСƬͷƤЩ顣
˵ôܻӣ⵽ʲô
ӿҲشֽ˵Ҫԣ
ûһشһǰһŮ˺һɤӣι˭
һɤӺȥҶһֻŮ˵Ҳ͵һȻͷĺڷһתͷ


226 
ŮһתͷŵòֱڵΪʵǺˣ
ֻŮ˵һҰסûһѪɫ⻹ҪҪϾȻҲŲٵĺɫƬȻָ״СǶϣȥ˸о飬˵Ķġ
Ů˵ĺĳջǴҲ벻Ȼôģ̫ⷴˡСĹֱܸ
ֻŮ˵һ˫۾ɫģƺӸһŵǣȻſ졣һ
컹ãһǵһֻŮ˵Ȼֿ˰Ѫ泤һſŵεϸСݡ
ҵŮһУŵȷܲˣͨһƨɾ˵ϡ
Ҳ٣Ǽһһֱڵ
Ҳһ亹оԼͷ
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ⶫڼдںġû뵽طȻҲˣ
ϼЩǵƺͽƿӦҲˮУѲɺЩʲôϵɣ
˵꣬Ӻɴ۾ЩǳªĶǴ˵е㣬Ӳһͷϵĺ˵ģͯȻƭ˵ģԭô󣬿үˡ
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ӵĶ԰İ֣澲ĵģûаа֣벻ֵطȻ˵еˡ
쿴쿴ҺӶ쳤˲ѰӰʱȴָ
ǸϽת˳ָȥֻߣһôƤ˸ڵһ飬¶ɫ
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ϸ鿴ıǵʱһǵı
ұһתͷӣϽʵô£
֮ӣΪղŵģһΪһַʲôֻû뵽ɫף˵û˵ңȻ͵ת
ʱҲ֪ԾΪղȻӷģȴǵľԶͲġ
ҲϽתͷȥֻɫĺˮУ̽һʪԴǿԴɢһͷɫĳֱˮ˶٣Ǹˣ
ֻֻ˵۾ǣϡļɫ·Ź⣬ȥӵ˶ġ
ι˭ʱֶǽɸӵһģһ
һļƤˣǼһǽŵУͷϵ亹ֱ䣬Ϊ˷ֱ̫ˣԼֱ治
һĹԼ˵ⳡҹƻ˭ҲܲˣǼһԵЩסˣڵϼһʯͷһҲѣ˾Ͷ˹ȥ
ѣӵĻ䣬ַһһģһĽȻ󲻵ʯҵԼԴʧˮ֮£ӵʯ鹾һˮס
ȻʱһﶼЩţղѧӵҲЦ
ֻһʯȥ˾ͲӰӲһͷϵĺˮתͷ˵ģⶫѧ˵
˵Ҳˣ˾Ȼι״һģ˵
뵽⣬һղ˲ùôܼܿ
ѣѣʱӸߵˮðͷͣظӸղĻ
Ȼ˵ģʵйֲʱ̲סˣһЦҲٺٵЦ
ǼһĲᣬҲ˺ˣץһʯͷֶ˹ȥдүҲѣ
˱һǱˮǹðͷһֲѧүҲѣ
Ǽһⶫˣͣƿڴ
ʱЦĶӶˣһӵֱۣ˵ͣɣ˵ʲôⶼһ͵Լ
ҵĻһ£뵽⣬ֻһһתһĭ㺰Ҳѣ
һֲͣĸѧҲѣ
ҺƿԵӣȻĬĬ˴Ĵָ


227 
֪ǼһǸˣû뵽һȻôܣɵĴָ˵
˸Ͳ֪ӵȦסˮ治ͣһţǼһڻ̹˵Цһ仨һĭ˵ү治㣡
֮ĵϣ˾㼣Щۼ뿪طʱӦò졣
׷ԲͣʾӺһǰ׷˳ȥ
ӽĸҵ󣬾ıǸԶͻһߵġ
һξ룬ͷȥֻֻ˲ûиǿʯͷϣɹ̫
ʱȻ뵽һ⣬ΪǹżļصУǴ˵УЩ˶Ⱥģطˣôʮа˾滹У
ȻЩ˳ʮֵˣûнţϰҲ߲˶Զ΢һ㡣
ǰߣһֱоĺۼ˲ԶǰһۣͻȻǰĺӱ߱һƬ¶ɳʯ̲ʱƬɳʯ̲ʮڵ㣡
ӺҲЩɳʯ̲ĺڵ㣬ӵҪãһ֮ЩŵĶ˵Щˡ
Ļҳһ˵ȻҲµһط١
ЩˣһﶼЩԥǰ߿϶ᾪŵЩЩⳤ̫ˣǶЩ
ô죿ʵ
ҸҪشֻֻͻȻӱı̽ͷصߵֽ
еͳҺϵëģǸϽתУֻıں¡ж
ǸתֻоһӰٵԱ߾˹ȥӰǲԶһһҲģ
ֻǶϼһĹʱǰ죬ǿĸӵֻǶȥĸûʲôһƤڣûдһ·ֺͽŶرĳԵúӺܲЭţһ޹һ㡣
Ȼﳤ޹ٶȴǿľˣֻһգ۵ĹʧУҲټ
⣡ӷһ˵ͷ
棬ӦڼǣҪֻѣǻķֲⶫṹʺˮһ󵨵Ĳ²⡣
Щںӱɹ̫ǴԵģղŵǹ᲻Ҳˣеأ
뵽ҾôпܣЩʮа˾Ҳˡ
ιʱ˸ղʧĵطͻȻһ
ԵŮ˵ǷǳϤǾ
ȻǾһﶼ֪ЩܹģԲûбֳ˷ܣǳ˾ǰȥ
ֻǰ洫һһӰ˳ǾֻڵģͷϺǲҶղӦڵϣòҶҶαװġ
Ǿ𣿡ȻӰһЩģ
ֻǻ˻֣˵ң
Ļش𣬴һﶼһӦΪЩֻģ˵Ļشǰ˿϶Ǿ
ҸϽ߽ӣߣֻһ㲣⼸˲ٵĿͷ
ӢûУ߽ʵ
˺ҶղžЩҶԼαװѹôûз
Ļһ£Ϊ֮Уƺʯͷ档
ûлشʵʯͷˣ
˵ͷ˵ҽطĵһϾˣ⼸һֱһġ
Ļҵǳһ벻ʯͷ⼸ȻŮһֻЩ֣ʯͷôֿģʵôֿˣ
̾һ˵ֹкüֻӢΪ˾ңЩȥ˱ĵطҾҲûм
Ļҵ˵ͷĴӦþʯͷհЩŪġ
طкܶˣЩ˸Ͳ˿طҾԽЩҲͻԽࡣ˵
Ļҵ˵ͷ˵ȥʮа˾žЩ˵ĳѨЩӦԼļ԰
ž۾ͻȻһʵ˵ط
ĵ˵ͷȻ˵ڹżϿأ˵ຣɽ֮ΪҾ˵ڶУһԱ״ɭ棬Ըطҹ۲һ죬ȻŻԡ
ô֪ôࣿҽĶž۾Ů˼Ȼ֪ôڽһ溣˵ʱΪʲôһ㷴ӦҲûУ
ҳɵĻûǶЦһ£Ȼ˵ô𣿡
û뵽ôֱӾ˵˳ŪҶЩ˼ڷˣúõһ˵һж϶ʬĶҲʲô֪ܰĶǡ
˭֪ҵĻ֮󣬾ȴЦ˵ΪʲôҪ㣬ֲȥǡ
ŮˣҲɵĸоЩƽʱûӴŮˣ԰Ů˴򽻵ľ鶼ûУȫ֪Ҫ˵ʲôܲǿɡ
ⶥ˶ߵӣһһۣȻתͷС˵˭֪˭֪᲻Ầǡ


228 
ӵĻ֮󣬾ͺЩĺһ
ȻȥǸŮӡǼһƽʱŵӣ㵽ҵ棬ЩεЦ˵ģôܺǣôƯһǸˡ
ұһĻǺ޲ץסһ١
ĺһȻ˵ģҲẦǵģʵطˣʬĶҪǲܽ⣬ֻǸɺϡ
ĻҲɵһ£Ȼ뵽һ⣬ŮдҪط
ǸڶҶˣϿԿǿɫŮʯȡģҪط϶ĿĵģĿѲɾǿŮʯ
뵽̧ͷһۣŮ˹ȻûԼ˵ô򵥣ΪԼŵĹĿľŮʯ
뵽Щɻһۣ˵ŮѲɸһҲձ˵ļҶѾˣǿɫŮʯѾձ˸ˡҪձĻӦҲ֪һ㣬һҵƶƺôŮ˵ݵʲô
ҲˣֻҪ֪ҲẦǾУҵǳ֪ġ˵
Ů˼ΪĴһҵı֪ҿ϶ԼҵĲ²⣬˵˳
˵ϣҲټʲôһұҪȷһ£ǾǾǲձļǵĻҴҲһȥ
۾ʵֻһ£㵽׸ձûйϵ
ҵ⣬¶ı飬˵ģҾԲȺձйϵǸйˣ
˵ʱһֱڹ۲ϵÿһϸڣȻ˵Ů˶ԱһҪֵʲôıֲûа
Ҳ֪ҪʲôҲû˵ǾֱŶԷԵЩΡ
ˣˣ˵ЩˣˣǵʲôطѽҪϽҵѽȥȫ군ˡʱǼһԲˡ
һŵǰ϶Ǹ׵ĺ飬ȻҺһֵƨһţ˵Ļмֵʣµʱ䲻ˣҪҲǣľҪˡ
Ļһﶼ˾ΪЩֻŮ֪ࡣ
ҪȥûطǲĹżأɭֵĻһƬˮںˮмĵϡ˵
û뵽ȻһƬˮһﶼɵĳһֲطˡ
ֻȴע⵽˾ղŵĻ͸¶Ϣ˵ǶңһŮѲʲô֯
һһֱǵˮ¶ҲûзֹǶңӦġ
̧ͷһŮˣЩӡ
ôҵǸѲɾ߹ȥ̧ͷһǰ棬Ծʵ
ӦˮˮǺģ෴ķҲܹҵƬˮ̫ԶҪʱ䣬ֱֻӴȥ˵ͷ˵
һˮգգ۾˵ѲҪιȥ𣿡
ιȥЩ̫࣬ȻڰϿûʲôΣգһˮ棬ͲǵĶ֡
ô죬Ѳǻܷɹȥźˮɵķ˳
˭֪ȴָָ֣˵ǿԿܵϡ
ĻǼһ͵һĴȣ˵ⲻҸղôû뵽أ
һ۾Ů˱ֵԽԽҶķ˭ҲϣԼĶһһ˶ˡ
ĵط׿խĵطףԼܵȥǼһ˵ɾ͸ɣߵѡһ𿳵Ϳ
ҺԸһһ߿һߵʯͷǼһҲ֪һ˶ԸֻˣûΣգûҸǰԾܾЩûס
ǰǸܵ˺棬תͷ˵ϿߣҵطղǸ˿˶ˣһƻͬǡ
ʯͷô죬ôǣ뵽ʯͷ֪ܲҵǣвɵЩż
һۣȻ˵ı㻹֪ҪҵǺףҲܣûĻ˦Щ˾ҵǡ
˾ûһ£˵ЩʯͷȷʵòģȻһ׼ɴ֦԰ȥ
ǼһԼȹȥ̽·һʵ̫أû˸ҸһߣԼȹȥˡ
Ҳ֪ԼȷʵӲˣû˵ʲôĴ󿳵ɡ
רſΪȵֻһȥͲ˼£ߵмʱǶЩġ
СĵŶ԰ȥʱҺȻµĺˮ淺һˮһںԴˮ̽˳һֻˣ
ֱֻۣӵĽŲӾץ˹ȥ
ҴһӣСĽ£
ǰŵҵĺһͷͿֱۣʱ˵ֱ۾ҪӵĿˡ
үֻǼһ﷢һеĴ󿳵˵ֱ۾Ϳȥ
۵һУһʵʵĿ˵ֱϣȻ˴һҵĺУˮвӰ


229 ҹ
˸ӸûӰӣҲɵһʱҲѾߵ˶԰һҲ˺ӣƺıӸˣҲҳ
˶԰ıóһֽװŵǰɫķĩ˵ⶫͿĨϣܹڸϵζ
ǸϽ˵ְɫĩⶫҲ֪ʲôɵģӦùáҪȻҲܶ㿪ˡ
ĨⶫиоЩԾʯͷıӺ飬Ǻ̶ܴӵġĨⶫȻܹ㿪Щ˵ĹһʯͷͲҵǡ
ƺҵĵģ˵ûµģǿ·±ǣӢܹöЩ˿
Ļҵ˵ͷǼǰߡ
ǰҲ֪˶ԶҺȻǰ治ʱĴһвɵЩ֣˵Щ׺Ѳס档
ʱһﶼЩ׺׵ĽȴԵЩ˵ˣǿ쵽ˣ
Ļһľ񶼲ɵһǧҪҵ
ǰһξ룬ҸоķԵЩʪ⣬ѾˮԶˣʱ̫Ѿбˣҿһʱ䣬ѾˣҲҪˡ
ǰһξ룬ǷѾ֣߳ǰ߱ûȻ
ֻǰһƬ˶ĺˮĿȥܹ԰ľҴĹһˮߵһӦжʮҡ
һﶼǰĺˮ𾪵ŴͣҪҲţƬïܵɭֵмȻôһƬˮ
ֻϦȺİ׺ںߵ̲ͿѰʳһпȥʮֵĺгãƬˮмһͬһСС󣬵泤ɭɭľȫĿڵǿ浽ʲô
ǸСһﶼɵЩӦþд˵еܽ⿪ʬԵǾ档
һᣬһعǸСͻȻ˵룬ǵҪôܹȥطûа취ţѲǻιȥɣ
Ļһʶص⣬СľʮҪιȥƻᱻҾܹεĹȥ滹֪жˣˮǸ˿û
һﶼɵˣֻоɫƬС˵طƬֻϱλãǰƬˮȴһ㶼ᶯÿֱλõʱƬˮͻ½ȻϾͻһͨСĵ·ʱһСʱҡ
Ļһﶼһ£벻Ƭˮĵطֻҵиʣʵ֪Ǹ·ʲôط𣿡
Ҳ֪ҵĻһ£Ȼ󿪿ڻش
ĻһʱЩйƬˮֱжʮҪǲܹȷ·ֵλãǿɾЩ鷳ˡ
һƨ˵ϣ̾˵ģ벻ô鷳Ҳûбİ취ֻÿ컻طŰɡ
ӵĻһﶼЩĬΪ޷ȷͨλãҲֻһ취ˣʱ䣬ÿΧź߼أҲʱģ΢İ˵㡣
ʱ̫ѾϢɽˣؼѾʼıڣǲЩˣֻм򵥵ĳ˵ĴȻȥ
һϢһֵҹרŸǰƬˮˮλһ½֪ͨˡ
ϰҹֵҹһ۵ĹǺԺľ˯˹ȥҲ֪˶ãҾںˮ½ˣ
ӷģһ۾ͿһĶǰĺˮǵĺ
ҿһʱ䣬賿ӣѾֵҹˣҲ淭
̧ͷǰȥֻԭƽĺʱ治ͣĴˮЩˮڲͣĴŰߣһƬƬˮӺˮλȻȰʱҪ½
һﶼ̲ס˷ܣվӣ¹ȥʱϣȻ¹⣬ǸԶľ룬ϴʱһ㱡֡
һ£֮ڲûп˵ͨĵĵ·ɵЩйתźһֻۣѾȫŨŨİɫʲôҲ֪ƬϢıλá
ȥźˮߣȥ·Ϻһȥ
ĻҲϽһ·źߣ˳ʱ뷽תţһһǰĺˮ֮ţϣܹҵصĵ·
ʱҺȻʲôںˮ洫һʼһΪǷǵԽԽЩԾΪͲǷڿһŮ˵Ŀ
ڿޣҲ˿ͣɵ˵
ʱһﶼ˿ǿںˮ洫ģСźˮȥȻˮ¶ںӰӡ
ЩӰӷһ˵ԴҿԿɢڱĳвɵһЩˣ
ǸϽӣ±Щ˷ֻ֣Щˮ¶ԴͷڶϵһĿ
һ֣Щ˵ĿһſһĶǵϹ䣬δδ䵽µĺˮ棡
ҳԾĳͣҲֵľ󣬵ʵģЩǵôȥһ


230 ͨ
ӵĻһ˵㲻Щ˵Ļ顣ΪҹĹҴСʦ˵ҵʱǵʦ˵ǣЩˣʱˮ飬ЩΪġ
ʱ򿪿˵벻ҹĴ˵ȻģЩ˵ˮǼֵǵ飬ܡڤǡ˵ζչϣ˳뺣ȡ֮飬֮ҲԻ顣Щÿһֵǣ
ǼһԵЩЩڲͣ촽˵ġĵȻôֵǮүǼʶˣôʵ˷ѣүҲǺõѽ֪һëַˣɵ˵ȥѽЩҪȥ
Ǽһ뵽Щ˿ֲףɵĴ˸£Ц˵ʿСүͱ𼷶ˣԸҪҲԸ⿴һ
Щ˻ڲͣĶƺûвǵĴڣǰָָʾǼǰߣʱһǻعǵĿҪҵ·ǿޡ
ǰȥֻˮʱʱľܿһֻֻڿޣߵļΪСģ¾Щ
ǰ˲֪жԶʱҷƬˮҲ⣬Ŷǻ˻֣˵ˣˮλͨҪˡ
Ļһﶼͣ˽ŲɭһֻۣղɭŨŨİʱѾʧˡ
ȥѡôʱѾֵҹˣӰֻóŵ֦棬ɵ˯ֻǽûмͨĵͨҶЩʧ䡣
Ժ˯˹ȥ˵ڶһǼ򵥵ĳ˵㶫н˯ΪҪͨų֣԰һҪþС
ϣڰ˯ˣһﶼû˯һһ߽ĶǰĺˮʮʱҷֺϿʼȻһңˮ濪ʼˮ
֪ˮʼ½ˣȥϵĺϱҪĶ࣬˻ˮ֮⣬ҲûаĶЩ˲ûг֡
вɵľЩ֣Щ˲ÿ϶ҪܳޣҪӵġ
ЩûãҲõıǿźһֱǰߣ˸Сʱûм˵еͨۿʱҪȥˣ治ɵĿʼЩż
쿴쿴ǰ棡ʱǼһͻȻָǰҺ
˳ָǰȥֻǰĺ֮ĳһɫӰӣǵӰӾһǽһںźˮȥȻڿǺĵǴһﶼ֪϶Ǵ˵еͨ
ֻͨˮаңһں¶ľһ㡣
û뵽ܹҵͨǶ˵ķһ󻶺ǰͳ˹ȥ
ȵͨǰϸĲ鿴һ£ⶫΪģȻˣɼӲʯɣҲ֪ˮͷˣ˻ˮݺͱࡣ
ͨҪнף沢ⲻ
ʱͨһҪһѾͽק
ô˵ʿСүϽѽȥǣӲʵ
ָָϵ˵ʱҪˣ߲һˮͻʱЩץȥŮ
ҵĻҲ뵽⣬һԴҺٺЦ˵һ˾͸ˡ
ûȻڲȥҵͨϴһͿˡ
໣
˷ܵͨʱȴͻȻһУĳҰ޵ȥżʹ࣬ܵ˹һ㡣
ǸһһϽתͷȥʱĺˮڲͣǰŨҲúϡˣӵλѾˡ
ֻ֮вͣĴСĶֻһֻһ洫žĴ
ʲôźں˵
ͷˮʱִһʲôҰ޷ģʯͷǸһ
Ҳ̲סˣһʯͷȥæڱľͳ˹ȥҲĸҵ
ʱżΪղŴҰ޵Ľкüֻʯͷڿ϶ڱʲôΧҴڵܳ
һߵָǰĴøӵˣҲԼ·ͳ˹ȥ
ߵһֻǰһƬССĿյأʱǵطվʮӰЩøʮƵˣЩΧһţǵмһӰǵӰһѺڵⲻͣԾɱһƺߣ
һǰѺڵҾ֪˿϶ʯͷʮΧһţͺˣһľս˹ȥ
Ӻ;Ҳ˽ȥ
Щû뵽ǻͻȻԵĸһһֻ˱һ˼򣬷໹ֽж˿ȥʱҲ˹˶ʱͽЩ˵İΧȦ˺һӡ
ҳ嵽ʯͷǰֻڻѪѪ˲˶٣ϵ·һģҲ֪ûˡ
ӣ治ɵİģϽʵû£
˭֪ʯͷû˵ǳЦЦȻһͨһ͵˵ϣ


231 ط
ʯͷ󵹣ҸϽȥץǶˡһûץסʯͷͨһ͵˵ϡ
ҸһΪʯͷأҪȥ鿴һ£ʮֻķһ󺰣Ǿ˹
һʯͷڵϵĺڵ˵ΧһԲȦ
ĺĸ˸ϽĽʯͷΧЩ໽ųһȥͿһһÿ˵Ĳ棬ʯͷδ֪Щ˺ģһþȫһӾͽ˵ĲӸһ롣
ֻ˵Ĳ۵һһɫѪ絽ҵϣǵѪҺһŨŨȳζζһҲѬˡ
Ҳһ˸ڵءĸжǱվţЩһͱǸ̵ֻʣµĲ˾ֻһУź˿ȥ
£ҸϽߵʯͷĸǰڵϲ鿴ƣʯͷϵ·˺üʮ˿ڣӦöǱЩ˸ץġ
Ҽһ£Щ˿ڲЩƤˣûһʱʯͷȻɫ԰ףڵһǺƽȣӦ۵ˡ޴󰭣Ҳɵһ
Щ˱ɱˣǲûߣǾ۵һȻͷͣ໽ǵĽ¿вࡣ
ﲻͣĽţɫ䣬Ǻãٻͬ飬ǿܣ
Ǻ滹вֻ֪ˣһ˵Щںͬ飬һһҪϰֻ˸ΧסҲܲˡ
ӽʯͷϣźܣЩȻټȴĸǣһξ󣬴һﶼǰ취Ǹţһ
ѽҪ취˦ǣӼͷǺĺ
Ҳ֪УЩ˵ٶȺܿ죬棬߲죬˦ˡ
û𣬿𣡡ʱǰһǴ˵
ĻһϽѰҸɲҺݲݺ͸ɲв٣һŪһѡ
Щһֱں㶵Ŀǣ֪Ҫʲô
ͳȼ˲𣬻˲Щһŵ÷໽ź˼Զ
һţЩĺ»𣬴һﶼɵһ
ʱӿЩ˻ߣĴһŵ֦Щ˾Ͷ˹ȥʱְЩŵһļɹ
ʱǿⷨӹãҲŵ֦Щ˶ȥе˱Ѹŵ໲ҽУһͲӰ
ЩӦû̫Զжǣлѵ赲ЩһӦһʱ᲻׷ˡ
óǰɫܹڸζķĩÿ˵϶һ㣬˵Ͻߣҵط
ǸϽźˣһһ߻ͷЩ˹ȻҲûи
˲ԶͻȻתȻǰȥûжãֻص˺ߣֻλղųͨĵطһصľ롣
˵ЩϾӦ벻۹ͷˣʱȫ
ĻһһӰʯͷڵϣϸļһʯͷȷûб˿ڲŷģʯͷӦǾƣŻεģһ϶ֶܹԼǱܵط
ʱͻȻԶһ۵ĽŤͷȥֻԶɭʱ߳һȺںĶ
ǶһЩˣʮֻ
ֻЩг֮ź˹ȥȻͨͨһֻֻȫ˺ˮ棬Զ˹ȥ
һɫЩÿЩ˵ô࣬ҪǱǸϣҲܲ
һֱȵ磬ʯͷ˹֪ÿζ֮ӶѣϽ׼õʳˮݸ
ʯͷû˵ӹ̻ʵĳȳԺǰ׵˵һ˿Ѫɫ
ҸϽʵû£
ʯͷҡҡͷ˵û£ֻ̫ˣû뵽ЩԽɱԽ࣬Ҹ˦ǡ
ԭһʼʯͷ;ֻֻʯͷǸ֮ȴôҲ˦Щɱû뵽ЩͣĺУԽԽ࣬ʯͷûа취ŶҪպ϶Щ˵
ʯͷһѺ˵ҺˣҪȻĲ
ʷأʯͷʵ
ұʯͷʱʷѾЩȻҲ֪ʷʮа˾ˣлǱһ˿ϣ
ҵĻ֮ʯͷһ£ɫЩѿ˻ɤ˵ѾˣסЩҲܳġ
ʯͷĻһﶼĬˣһȭݺݵҵϣдҲү
Ҿ۾ЩᣬЩʷôˣôûлŵĿܣЩ⣬ʷᱻЩгһѰ׹ǣҵ͸һܡ
ĺӸҵĵһӡ󲢲ãǾôʱĽ֪ȻǸĺӡ
뵽ҽסȭͷа뵽ȥ֮󣬲һҪʷʬǸȡԱ߰ᣬܾɽ档
ʯͷתͷʵҵˣ
˵ͷ˵ҵˣҪϲŻ֣ڸϿָ˵һս
ʷÿ˵ͷЩܣһһﶼû˵ʲôߺѹ֣˶ڵϣͨٴγ֡


232 Ӱ
̫б콥İһȻû˵ʲôǿĳÿ˶ǳĽţΪ֮⣬ǶҪҵⶾϵǵ
֪ҪͨͨߵСȥ϶ЩˣѾԳЩ˺»԰ʱӺ˲ٵ֦ȻǱı·ȥ˼ֻѡ
⼸ֻȻŲ̫ʱ䣬ΣͷӦûܹó
һʮѣÿ˱Щеÿݲɣеǵ·һжʰͣ͵ϵĺˮһε½
ʮңˮִ죬˶ŵź棬ֻˮһһȥǵͬʯһͨһγǵǰ
ʱ濴һֻ˵Ӱӣʯͷһ֡˵ߣ
ǸϽͨʱͨո¶ˮ棬ǵʱ䲻࣬ҪںˮһʱߵĵȥҪȻȺˮǶᱻЩ˸ϵȥ
һʯͷǰ棬һͨʯͷתͷʵ׼𣿡
ǵ˵ͷȻ˾Ϳ첽˵ߣʵСܶҪ죬ĵľʮңˮʱֻһСʱǸûʱ䵢顣
һʼϻƽֻԽǰߣǺˮҲԽҲɵЩԾ˵ˮм䵽ʲôôᴫô
ŽµĺˮԽԽͣаѲˮоһ©һ㣬ڽˮͣ©
Ȼʣǽ²ûͣһ·ǰŵʱ򣬺ˮͻȻһ¿в࣬ǸϽתͷȥֻһӰ¶ˮ档
¶ˮĶǱģһֻˣֻǣвͣķһĽ
Ҳ٣군ˣⷢˣӹֽһ˳ּϵһʯ˾Ͷ˹ȥ
ֻ˵Դˮ棬˲¶˳ʱˮѾֹһֻˣ½ĳʮֻ
ܣܣӿٶȣʯͷЩˣĶǺ
֪ҪЩһԵĶǾֲ˺ȥԴһڶƴǰߡ
ֻʯںˮв֪˶ˣ滬߲죬ЩˮеǴ磬ٵǰȥȥһͳǡ
ģЩǰˣʱֺһ
ǰһֻЩεǰ棬һֻֻʯأЩͦвԣҪǰסǡ
ѻѶţֻǰ壬ܸǾʱ䲻࣡ʯͷһһ˵
ĻһﶼڱȡѣˣЩԭʯһеĻѣŵ໹ֽͨͨĸϽˮӻŻѴĽţѽѵģѽ
ҷв˶ʯ߹־ҪǵĽŲӣŻһЩһôСĽ¡
һֱǰ壬ǰѾܹǸĵˣںˮĻҲͣҷˮȻڻǣ
ʱǵĻѶֻʣֻˣЩ˻ڲͣĸǣһĶҪǰ塣
һξ룬ͻȻЩһֱԱߵ˾Ȼȫˣ±ðְȴԵЩ£ǵЩûס
һֻۣЩȫ˺ˮϣʮ׵ľ룬ͣ໽ţҲûһֻ
ô£ЩôˣЩֵʵ
Ҳͷˮ㲻⵽ô£ȴͻȻһֲԤУʱȴͻȻ˵ں£
Ļһ涼ǿһӣЩ˵ô࣬ˮֱԺߣʲôܹǸеµģˮмѲɻʲô
ʱǸĵѾǵľ벻İףʯͷǰ溰ˣϰ˵
˭֪Ļո£ˮȴǴһ޴ĺǺͬţУȴţҪĶࡣ
ǱͷͻͻֱȻźˮִ֮һһִģںĶǰӺʯͷɨ˹ȥ
Ƕٶ̫죬ǸͿʲô⣬ֻǿȥںģһ޴βһ㣬ˮ;ʯͷӵǰ
Ҳ٣Ǽһû뵽ˮͻȻôŵôһȻ˶ܣҺǰʯͷһѾͽ˵ϡ
޴βͷɨ˹ȥ־˹Һ;Ͻſ˵ϣβʹˮɨȥ֮䵽˺ˮ棬һ졣
⵽ʲô⣡ſڵϣСʵ
ղǶͷɨȥʱҷ沼ƬЩƬһƬƬ˶һ㣬ⶫͿžһߣ֪϶ǣΪߵƬ֡
뵽ͻȻһѲⶫȻһɣ
ϳۣһĶȥҲֻˣѲطһ˵еڣ
βɨȥ֮󣬺ָֻƽҲûа޴βԾˮʱķһѾӰӣЩ֮Բ׷ǣǺǸ
ʯͷſڵϣһʯµĺˮʱĺˮѾҪˣͷǺǰ壡


233 
ʯͷĻǸϽʯǶˮ档ȻΣգҪȵˮǲ군ˡ
һûǰţǾʱ򣬺ˮִ죬ֻֻԴǰĺˮ֮̽ͷһ˫ɫĹ۾Ķǣ
Ӻʯͷǰ棬ⶫͣҲɵĵһ
ֻǿԴȥһͷǸ߲ͬǡⶫĶͷȻһֻĽǡ
ֻнʮֳǰɫģ¹ҫ֮¾Ȼʯ⡣
ԴˮͰһִӣ߼ΪʶȴǲɫͬһƬ
ѽȻһֻⶫʧ
Ҳʦ˵˵껯Ϊԣǧ껯Ϊеָ棬ΪԻΪǧ֮׵籩ꡣؽҡֱԾɽٺ󷽿ɻ
ǰΪֻǴ˵ѣû뵽طܹһֻ˵֮е
ֻֻӽˮ׸ߣӸǣҵȶֹסĲִ˵еĶ˵ѹֱ޷ݡ
ҿǰֻֻצӣżмصȫһ¶ˮӶϣˮ»֪ж೤عһ峤ҲӦʮס
ʱͻȻͨһ죬һͷһֻע֮Ѿܲˣһƨ˵ϡ
ûȥЦΪҵҲڲͣķԵľɫ԰סг˾Ǽһķⶼֻʯͷһ̧ͷֻš
˵군ˣֲЩ˲ҿģԭôһڱˣѾܲˣ뵽治ɵĳ˾
ֻֻͷǣע֮»罬Ҵڡ
ͻȻſ죬һͬţһĺ
һУһȷʱ˹ѻ죬ĻѶʱ͸ˡ
ʱǰҲܲˣһҲͨһƨ˵ϣдһѽ
ȻûһҲֻûҪûŵ棬Ҳȥˣⶫȫֿ
ֻֻһ֮΢΢ĻζĺˮҲҪǷˡ
ҪתܣȸͲԼʹֻһķ

˭֪ʱһֱվǰʯͷȴͻȻһǰͳ˹ȥһһ߽УͣĶԼеĺڵ
ʯͷӣǶɵһ㶣˵һѵŷˣȻȥ
ҪǷû뵽ʯͷȻͻȻУһ߽һܣӾڸʾһ㡣
ʯͷһ£ȻŷһŭĺУƺû뵽СȻԼʮֵʯͷһ̽Դſҧȥ
ۼֻԴʯͷԽԽҽŵ඼ҪˣһҪѽ
ٶȺܿ죬һգ۵Ĺͳ嵽ʯͷǰʱʯͷ˫ڵ͵һ٣ԾһӾͶĹȻĿɿڴ֮УȻĲ档
ֻֻʯͷԽʯ䵽˺ˮһߣʯͷһֻֽץԴһŤͷǺǿߣͺһ˺ˮ档
ʱӺڵûǰ˹ȥҲǰܣֻһźˮĺҪѽ
޴ʯͷȻﵽĲ棬ǵˮֲôģʯͷԼΪȡʱ䡣
ûиͷҺʿСүѽ
ҡҡͷĶź棬ʯͷ䵽ˮ֮Ҳû˶Ҽĺ޲ֱȥ
ӿҲߣҧҧתͷ˻׼Ҹǿߡ
ҪߵҸǰʱֻڵʯߵĺˮַˮԴˮг˳зĺУֻ˷ŭʹࡣ
̧ͷһֻʯͷĲ棬ץͷϵĶǣźڵĵһĲ濳ȥ
һγˮǼһŵòҽһһƨ˵ϣ̧ͷоһСһ㣬ֻˮһȳζ
֪Ⲣ꣬ʯͷĲӣѪˮֻЩѪˮЩ죬䵽ģͱûմˮһ
ʱûЩѪˮϵ쳣ǽĶϵʯͷ
ֻԾˮִ֮һУʯһߵĺˮ˽ȥʯͷҲһˮС
Ȼʯͷϣ֪ڼΪΣգһ˦ͻĿв͡
ʱҲ̲סˣҲ֪ЩѪˮ䵽ϵԵʣǵʯͷԭ򣬾û˿־壬һҪˮβ;˹ȥſ˫һѱס
ˮ֮ǰӷһ󺰣Ҳ٣ķ𣡡
βͣһͷˮ棬ʱˮѹѹϵĹͷʹһСĻǺںˮ
ҸϽսأıסβֻͣʯͷˣβͲͣ˦ţҺüζ㱻˦ȥ
ƬץסȻ֣ڱǰľ


234 ԡ֮
ұֻβ͸˦ЩͷתֻҧһԼͷԼѡҲ֪ʯͷǰôˣֻֻ֪˻ɱǻŻлĻᡣ
ҳľþȫӾͱȥ˭֪ϵƬȻӲһȥƬͱ˻
ҧҧͷľĽ쵽Ƭֻķ϶þȫͲ˽ȥ
һӷ۵һ죬еľһֱĩȻҾ͸оʼƴҡβ͡ӦǸоʹˡ
һΣһӾͱ˦ֻҵľ棬ҧأ˫ıס
ľѾ͸ӡʹԲŲͣҡβͣԽҡΣͻеľϵ˿ڸĸ
ұҡεԴȫˣֻ֪˫ץסľĽʱҾܵĺˮȻùһڼڻϿĴһ
Ŭ۾ֻǰһƬѪ죬ӦöѪˮȻҸоеľһᣬѾ뿪壬ҿβ;Ȼеľ룬ȻҶһǰһڣ׵˹ȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãĵ˹һ۾ͱǰ̵øϽˣȻ̵۾ۣȴǲɵĸܼ⣬Ǿ֤ڻûһţ
ʱߴһУҲ٣ʿСүˣ
۾ͿӵһŷյҸǰ˷֮ɫ
ЦһЦȻȻʯͷǸһ͵ڵʵʯͷأǼһôˣ
Ǽһ￴ͻȻһҵĻ֮ٺٵĹЦ˵֮Ȼ氮ǼһһʵҲ㡣
ȻתͷԱһ˵Ǽһһ죬¶ûС
˳ӵȥֻʯͷ˹ϳ˹ģʵû°ɣ
ʯͷûҲɵһʱҲŷ֣ʯͷ¶ƤƺʲôһϸһһƤھȻһ㵭ĺɫͿĨʲôһ
һһԼӣûһĲʣ˵ˣȻһʹо氲ңû뵽ǲܹҾȻûˣֱһ漣
أҸϽʯͷʵ
ָָֻһߣ˵ǲذɡ
Ļһ˵Աߣһô˵ĵǵҿ֮Ͳɵһ
λںߣʱֻںߵɳ̲ϣѾһҲܶˡ
ֻԴĲѾ˰β͵°Ҳֳ룬ⶼҺʯͷġ
ţƣͶأȻܰôһˣǼһĳݡ
ʱ˹һ鿾⣬˵˰ɣԵ㶫
˵Ҫһ˵Ҷ͹ĽоѾǰźˣץݹĿʵ˯˶ã
ָָʯͷ˵Ժ͸ŸˣȥǸģ˯죬㵽ɡ
ӵĻҲɵĴһû뵽һ˯Ȼ˯죬ֲһоôء
Ҳ˲˵ˣץ͹ͺݺݵҧһڣһڣܴ󣬶ҳȻ㣬ҷԼûгԹ⡣
ҿ˼飬ֻֻһСĳҰϵ⣬Ұ޵ӦòС
ҧһڣžʵʲô⣿ͦѽ
û˵ǼһͶҺٺٵЦ˵²¿ʿСү
˵һﵽ׸ʲôԿ⻹ҪҲ£ĪЦݣҵȻһԾ˵İɣ
ץץͷƤЦ˵ƵֻûУҲץס浹в㣬û㹳ҲûҲû취ֻгһˡұΪⶫ˲֪ˣ϶Ŀвû뵽ͦóԣ⣬¿⣬˵ͦףû뵽үҲгԵһ졣
һ˵͵ĹЦԱߵҲźٺٵЦһԳԵⶼܵ⡣
е⣬ĿɿڴӣСĵʵûɣ
ʱȴǿ˵ľУⲻûһǴ󲹣ƽиԵһ飬˵Ҳܶꡣ
֪ö࣬ʱҲûбҪƭңһȻôĺôҸϽ̻ʣһͽɽ˶档
ֺ˵ˮҲŷԼЩһΪڸоƤķ̣ζ͸ҵһαѪܵһ
˵ѪѵжɣϽ̧Լֱ۲鿴һ£һҪǰԼһ
ֱֻֻϵƤڶͨ죬ǱˮһʯͷϵƤһ
ҸϽʵǵƤô£
ʯͷҡҡͷû˵ȻҲ֪Ǽһȴǿ˵Ѫģ϶ܵⶫѪιȥ˻õģҵһоˮһ
ӵĻҳԾŴͣѪҺ϶ʲô⣬ŻǱ


235 Ҳ
ҽͷת˾ʵѪʲô⣿
֮ҪΪЩ档ֻоࡣ
˭֪ҵĻ֮ȴҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ⶫѪʲô⣬ǵӲжӦùͺˡ
˾ĻҲɵһȻҲŪѪʲô˵ǵⲻǶٷġ
̧ͷһСֻСֻһСмһжʮ׸ߵСɽ泤˴ִľ
ŵϵСɽʵҵ𣿡
һˣС⼸СѾǸ鿴һˣھСϵĻӦܹǷ֡
˭֪ҵĻ֮󣬾ȴҡҡͷ˵ûҵ⼸Ѿұ⵺ϵÿ䣬ûзжڡ
ʱǼһҲ̾һ˵ڲҲǿɾͳ군ˡ
˾ĻҲסˣ벻⼸ȻûҵڣŮʮֵϸǵˮ¶˵СѾұˣǿ϶κ©
ѵͲطš
ҵĻ֮󡣾ᶨҡҡͷ˵϶ֻһҲĵطѣӦܹҵ
ҾӦңǶѾ˼ˣ˵ϳ֡ʱʯͷͻȻ˵
Ļһ£Ȼ˵ͷ˵е
Ǽһ͵һĴȣ˵˵϶ôģѹүҰطתҲҲ
ȥѰһﶼϽϢֻ˯ѣڰ˯ҲûС
վһϵĽǣȴǾЩƮƮģо³κʱҪá
Щ֣˵ѲǳĺЧҲ̫˵ɣҸոճȥƻûء
ҷڵϢʯͷһɫĶⶫҿе죬˳־˹һⶫȻͷĶǣ
˵ʯͷһȻͣȻĽǸֻֻͬɫʯһ㣬֮·⣬ȥ·ĳħһ㡣
ҿԱ߻вٺɫƬЩƬǴƤϸģۼ׼Ӳҵľ̲ȥƤɿһܺõķߡ
ôĵһǼһ뵽ģýָͷܲµĳ
һ뵽ֿ̧˿ԼƤһѪܵʱҾͲ쳣ʯͷ϶ϿɱʱܵģǼһһʼҪһȥҲܵˣ˵ƤŻ
Ҳ֪Ѫܵ׻ᷢʲôֻ治ɵİģһƤԺˣҿôţĸضүһ϶ᱻ˸Ц
һ˻ԴȥЩûõģŰߵ˹ȥ
ֻԭݳưƬˮһںߣԴĲӼʯͷĿˣβҲľˣֳ룬ϵƤһ¶ɭɭİ׹ǣˣѪѾʼڣȥѾ˳ζޱȡ
вɵ̾һڴһﶼ˯Ҳû죬ֻֻ˵ѽ磬˵ǺοأԹ޳Ҳ鷳ģֻҪҵǣΪʲôҪԣڱǰƤ⣬ˣѽ
ҪûʱĶ˵ĻҹһڰҸˣѾˣͲˡ
˯ûСһȦûʲô֣߻ʱʯͷѾ˯ˣֻǼһﻹſڵ˯øסһ
ʱѾƻˣߵǸǰͻȻһҪ£ʯͷ;ʵˣЩѵûй𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵Щη˶ҹ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ЩӦû֪ѾˣȻûйҷĲ٣ҪЩһӵǿɾ鷳ˡ
ֻЩĵģҪǱЩ֪ѾҪô죬СôСǸûа취أҪϽҵǸУ
ʱѾȫˣǼһﻹں˯ţֻƺҲĺķڵԶԶĶ㿪
ֻһֱԵĶ⣬ҷⶫϵëƤǰĸӵĹ⻬ˣҲõ˲Сĺô
ߵȻѾʼãͿ˼⣬㹻ǳϼˡ
ʱһҪȥѰڣһߵϣǼһֱˡ
Ҳ٣˯ԺӱһŸߵֱڵΪʲôΣգ´š
˯ˣϽʰһ£ȥЩջ˵
ҵĻӲ˹ֲ̧˲Ŀˮֻһߵı˱棬ұ˼ϡ
ǿʼѰСһֱʮһ㣬СǸһ飬ûκεķ֣һﶼ۳˻ĺˮϢ
ӭҹ磬ǼһЩջıһֿڣҲүģѽȥǿɶҪˣ
ǵҲֹܼ꣬ͷԽԽ˷ִ磬ҪסüͷԶĺ棬˵أڵأ
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˭֪߶˼ͻȻĽǶһתͷžȥֻɫ䣬ָǰĺˮִһܣ


236 Χ
ĺһﶼһϽ˳ĿȥֻǰĺˮðһſźɫԴϰֻ֮࣬ȻЩˡ
Щ濩һӣвãղһЩǧҪѾˣû뵽ǾȻô˹
Щһʼ֮Բ׷ǣȫǾסںĵѾˣЩӦþҲûη塣ǵĴ鷳Ҫˣ
ЩˮϰٸҪǵȫӿϰҲˡ
Щ治ͣİ˵ûбˣͷ䵽Щ˵档
ǸϽڵܣЩˮζٶȷǳ졣һǵľͲס
ȻܹڵζķĩʱЩȫܹõǣҪȰ˦֮ܲ
Щ˲ˮٶȿ죬˰ҲǳľˣǵľۿԽԽˡ
˭Ҳû뵽Щ˾Ȼ˹Ҳû׼ѡ˵һεϰֻŪ˻ѹҲŲǡ
ǰţֻͻȻһƵĺУǰĺҪҳϵζ
ŤͷһֻЩȺ棬վһֻĸߴˡ
ֻ˱ͬ߳һ׶࣬ȥͬһһ㣬ⶫƤ¹ҫ»ŵɫĹ⣬ϾȻһƬ
Ѿֻ֪޴˿϶Щߣ
ֻйһ֮ҲķһȻһΧɢ˿ȥ
һһ߻ͷţʱⳡɵĳԾǺЩڸʲô
Ťͷ˵ãҪΧǣ
ҿЩ˷ֱֳС߳ò˶þܰǸΧס
氵Ծ벻ЩȻ˵ĴȻΧ£
ô죡ЩҪǸΧסǰʯͷĺ
ʯͷĬƬ̣Ȼһָǰ棬˵ǰ壬嵽ǰȥ
ĻвɵһڴһѾȫû·ЩȻѾˣʬӦöǻеá
ⶼԼҲ²ģ֪Щ²ʬ壬ʯͷҲһûףѾû·ֻˡ
һһܵʬԱߣֹһ죬ʬӵĸϴȳζҲӵŨңһǰûбѬιȥ
վʬԴڵĴϢţ˶ĶǰˣֻѾΧ£˹ǵ·ֻת
˭֪ҵ뷨ոճԺǼһſǻ˵Ҳѽ군ˣЩĸҲˡ
ҸϽһɵĵһߵ˾·ˣ
ֻĺˮʱϰٸ㱳ŮˣЩŮЩˣˮȥͱ˺Ƭ
үģƴˣһǰЩˣһĭ˵
ҿһЩǸΧ·µŵˣֲˮĴ˻ǰϵˣûǳжʮ׵ĵطǡ
ֻЩ治ͣķһͳĺУЩ涼һǾǿ־塣
Щ˵ȻẦǣǺµԵѾȥ
һϽһס˻Ŵ󿳵ҪЩȥƴӡ
ͨղŵĹ۲죬ѾȻѾˣôƬˮаԵЩ˶۸ˣԵڿʬ嶼Ҷ
ʿСүҸЩúøһܣͷˮҡ
ҸϽ˵𶯣Щһʱ᲻ҹͱ̼ˡ
ҵĻЩˣҵĻ˻ȥ
Щˣüͷţ˵ȥǰ취ϾѾˣʬ岻һֱѹסЩ˵ġ
˵һҲ֪ôǰ涼ЩܲˣǼһ̾˿һƨ˵ϣ˵ǾһһɣүȴһܶɱֻҲ㹻
ʱʯͷǰЩˣɫͻȻһ䣬˵ЩҪˡ
ֻֻ޴վǰ棬ĺʲôȻȻ̧ţһľ˹һһֱվԥҲǳ˹
ӿΣ֪Ѿƴʱˣ͵ڵϵеĴ󿳵Щ˾ͳ˹ȥ
ҺʯͷӶˣҲǰ壬ֻǼһһͷЩȺ棬໴УһЩƴĿɱʱֻ˱ǼһԴȥ
Ȼ£Щ˵̫࣬ת۾ͰӸΧȻֻ˼צҲѾץӵϣһֻץȥʱӸܡ
үҹˣֻЩ˶淢һ󺰣ȻЦ
ҺʯͷĿЩ˾ҪӸ˺Ƭ̫죬̫ԶǸԮҼĴĶЩ˽Ҫѽ
Щ˲öҵĻöҲŹӣֻЩ˼ѾץӵϣҴһ۾ĿӾ˸
Ҳ٣ĸүôƲ˵𣡡Ҹձ۾ǰ滻ǼһĽЩջ
һֻǼһúõվЩ˶棬ϱ˵˿ˣȻ׵ûг֡


237 
ղźöֻ˶ץӵϣһӾͰϵ·һһģֵǡǼһϸûһ˺ֻۣץҲƤûơ
ǼһȻ֣˵ЩƲԼȴ֪Щ˸ղŸû֣ΪצӴӵ϶žž
ҺʯͷͣǼһ۾ɳˡ
˵ĵô£һƤôôӲˣЩ˵Ȼָֻÿһָںڵָ׶һذһȵӻҪ
ʱ򲻹ǣЩҲȫסˣΧһʱûжƺҲ벻ͨΪʲôץǰһӵƤ⡣ʱǼһڷӦ˹Ȼ֪ԼƤΪʲôôӲˣЩ˸ΧסȳҪģ
ȥүǼһ𵶣ͿԼǰһֻˡ
ЩƺӸסˣûзӦֱӰǸ˸һ̵˲ǷӦ໵ĽֳӣǴʱѾͷ˹
Щ˸ӵƨɺǳҺʯͷһͳȥ˭֪ǸǰЩ˾Ȼתͷˣ˵ʮ׵ľ롣вͣĵУ˿־壬ֻҲǣԵЩηη
ʱǼһѾ˹ǻͷ˻ȥˣͷˮֵ˵Щڸʲô
ЩһǺүˣղżʶү£ڹƶ˿ӣӽĴ󿳵ڼϣݵЩˡЩ˵ȫû뵽Щ˸Ͳӵġ
ʯͷȴüͷ˵ԣǲ㣬ں±ĶղܻЩ׷ģЩܱŵ˻ȥ⵽ô£
ںڴһͷˮʱͻȻ˾תͷһֻŮվǵоһ
ŵĶǱģʯͷͷĶǣھǹӵˣûĶʮֳͷϺܼ⣬ҺܼӲʯͷ˳־Ͱ˾
ղߣΪóߵǸǰ˵
һﶼеǣⶫͬϺðһ㣬治ͣתŵӫ⣬ǲӫȥȻʥζ
˵ģôһֻ浽ڣٻҲǰ棬ͷֻһֻǣֻǾϣЩ˿ĶǲŻеη塣
ȻôžеǣԾ˵
Ǵһﶼû뵽ǾȻܹЩˣ⻹޾֮·
ԣǼһԲһֱǾܰЩ˸ˣһھн˹
ֻǼһǣǰˣȻ̧˹ȥֻǼһﲻǰȺ˾ȻĹֽһźƿһξ롣
Ǽһ۾϶Ѿֿ˻ǰֳ˼˼еǡ
ֻЩһźʮײŸͣ
Ӹ˻ˣǣָȺƿڴѵģбٸүУ
ܹѹסЩˣҲɵһղϷ쳣Ͻӣ
ҵĻǼһҲټϷЩͲҹˣ˻ʵʲôµʿСү
ղô£ЩΪʲô˺㣿ҳʵ
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һ£Ȼ̧֣˿ԼƵ·Ȼֵ˵Ҳ֪ѽһΪЩƲүˮء
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Ҿ֪ˡҿ˼ʱʯͷȴͻȻ˵
֪ʲôˣǶֵʵ
˭֪ʯͷûǣǰӸϾȥ¶ԼֱۣȻԼĺڵŸ첲Ļһ¡
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ֻڵʯͷ滮ǳ֮ǣʯͷϲûг˿ڣ΢΢Ƥֻһ۵İ׵
ʯͷѺڵжǴһﶼ֪ģȻղһ²ûһ˵ƤҲԶסӦѪעˡ
һƤҲӲˣҷʯͷԺбĳһ󵨵뷨
ֻʯͷһΰѺڵԼֱϣһοԵĿĳڵֱ滮Ȼ֨֨ĦȻűһѪڣѪ
һʯͷõǳҪƽʱֶᱻֱӿȴֻһСС˿ڣʯͷĺڵһÿǵ˿ھȻͲѪգۼѾѪ衣
ĿɿڴǰһĻʯͷû˵ùеǰͨĴ󿳵ȻֱӵӾͿ˹ȥ
û뵽ʯͷͻȻõԼŵùֽһҪ̫ʯͷĶֿĳ棬һһͽʵʵĿӵıϡ


238 
벻˶û뵽ʯͷȻõȥӣǷӦʱʯͷѾʵʵһӵĺ档
ֻһ죬ӱͱЩ˸һ·ʱֶһĵڡ
ʯͷһõСֻǼһ﷢һҺһͨһ͵˵ϣ治ͣ໽š
ɣû£ˡǼһﲻͣڵϴеʱʯͷȴ˵
Ļϵһ£ȻһӾڵԼĺ󱳣ɴ۾˼ʯͷô¡ôûˣ
ղʯͷõСһҲоʹˣ벻ϵ·֮⣬ԼȻһҲûˡ
ӵĺȥֻ¶Ƥһ΢΢ķ졣ȴһ˿ҲûС
ʱʯͷת˵
֪ҪʲôϽӽֱ˳ȥһûһ򵥴ֱ˵ٵͿ
ʯͷֱۣ˵ͷӵǰѿҵֱϿȥ
õСҵҵֱۣȻ֪һȥ϶ϵĽһŵýı۾
ȿ֮󣬸оʹҸϽ۾ֻҵֱϣղűʯͷĵطȻܹоʹһ˿Ҳû¡
ʱ˶ˣҺ˸Ŵ͡˵ʲôôܱõǹˣ
ʯͷʱתͷ˵Ҳԡ
ֻóذףָͷһѪʱ˳һ
ҲˣԭЩֻҺʯͷ˵Ƥõǹˣ⵽ôһ£
һͬǾƤ죬֮Ƥ죬ΪֻѪܵ뵽һ˵ϵֱ仯Ѳɸйأ
ʯͷƺ֪ʲôҵ˵ͷ˵µûǵ֮ԱӦþܵѪԭһʼΪԭ򣬿ûб仯ֻѪ
ʯͷĻ˵ͷûбѪܵǵƤ˵һֻ˱仯
Ǽһڵ˰죬ʱ͵վһץסҵֱۣʵʿСү㿴ǲô£ܵѪӴԺͱõǹˣ
˵ͷ˵Ӧô¡
˭֪ǼһҵĻ֮໵Ĺֽһڵһ߸ߣǰҸһ
ȻͼһͷЦţһЦһߴĺţҲ٣үԺ͵ǹˣĿ˭ң۹
ҵûһ˷ܣֻЩԾ벻ѪȻ˻ãһ뵽ԼԺԼƤøƤһҵȻЩŤͬʱ뵽ϺɫƤɵİģҲ֪ܲʵȥ
һʯͷֻɫƽһ飬Ҳ֪Щʲô۹ǲͣתתȥĽвʱԱߵϵ
֪ǱѪԡ֮ĵǹĽѾʼˣﻹѪܹĳ
ܹɱȫңҪʯͷټǰѺڵżĲҲԴ
Ŀǲͣ˸Ҳ֪ЩʲôĿҸоЩܸоڴǵ⡣
Һ˼ʱǰдһ޴ĺУǸϽ̧ͷȥֻֻĸߴģйһ֮ⶫȻһ˹
ҪˣҸϽһѴҡ
Ǽһڸո֪ԼõǹˣеǷһȻҹʯͷùԼǱ󿳵ǻ˻֣˵Ƕ𶯣ȥʰ⣡
һֻֻԼ˹˻ԭһͣķͳĺУӦûηеǸǡ
ȻҪ߳ͷ࣬Ǽһڸһ㶼£С˵־һ㣬ҡڵ˹ȥ
ƺû뵽ǼһȻһ㾴ηҲûбֳĴһӾͳ˹ȥſӾץ˹ȥ
ۿצҪץӵţǼһȻƾָץԼǰ·еĴ󿳵һӾͿԴ档
ֻһ죬һԴϣҲ޴Ƶź岽
ֻ˼ӺٺٵЦţϵ·Ȼץˣȴûһ˿ڣצץԡѪ֮塣
û£ȴеңȻⶫźɫӲƬӸղһֱӰԴһӣѪˮʱ˳ǶǣȥӵĿֲ
໣
ƺӸˣͷһֻĺЩԶԶվţηǵǾͿʼȻһֻֻǾͳ˹ˮеĴҲˮΧ˹
˭֪ҪĹͷĺͻȻһˮȻͿĺ֮ͻȻһֱ׵ĴУǺͻȻ˸һһ㣬ӿ˽ȥ
ѾιĴ˸ʹ벻һӾͱиȥֻʣµķһֽУźƴ˻ȥ


239 
ˮǸУֻˮȥڰվŶܸоΪˮֻĴ˸Ӧ;˽ȥ˲䲻Ӱ
ˮȥҿˮĿʼ½ЩɣѵÿϺˮ½ԭΪУ
ƺҵɻתͷ˵вǹ̶ģÿϱһλá
Ҳԭ֪еĴڣеλò̶ÿ춼λá
ʱǰһŵȴͻȻһҽС̧ͷȥֻһﲻ֪ʲôʱȻ˼ϡ
ǱӣҲӸڵĲᣬϾǼһڵǹ룬Ͳ
ֻӸڼͷһŭĺУʯͷһҪȥӣ˭֪֮˫Ӿͳʯͷ˹
ǼһٶءʯͷͲӲӣǶ㿪ҲУΪȻѪܵõǹ룬ȴûôӲôԶľҵϲ˲Ź֡
ۿӾҪҵԼϣѵʯͷֻôһ֣ӵӾ˹ȥ
ֻֻһӵϣͷɿźȥַ̫жܹ࣬ҹ
ȻʯͷӦܿ죬ֻ̫˾͹һź߹˹ȥ
Ǽһʯͷҵڵֱ֮Ӿ͹˺ˮǸм䣬ûзͲӰ
ҸϽǰҪץסڼǰʯͷϧѾˣֻʯͷϵһƬ½ǣʯͷͨһˮ棬˲ʧ֮С
ſںʯͷʧĵطһסˣȫû뵽˾Ȼôʧˡ
Щˣʱľһ
һͷһֻЩԭЩηֻĴ£໽ǳ˹
ĽǶЩѹãȴӵǼһ棬ԭмּɵҲû˹˼ɡ
ô죡ôô죡ЩˣŵĴš
Щ˵ϰֻھʣˣҵǹ룬Ҳһ˾ܵסЩˣڰǸǰֻ·ҪôЩ˺ԵҪôȥ
һ۾Ů˿϶Ҳ뵽һ㣬ͷ˿ǸУҵ˵ͷ˵ɣȥ֪ȥ·һ
Ļո£һͨһ˽ȥ
ҵɴ۾źˮ벻Ů˾Ȼô˵һҲûԥҸǣŮ˵ϸûпһ˿η壬漫ΪŮ˵Ը˼㣬һĸŮ
ȥڰֻʣҺˣǼһŵڵˣӲͣĶţͷϵĺˮֱʡ
ҿЩϾҪ׷Ǹǰˣһѽ
Һ׼˭֪ȴǶҿЦ˵ʿСүң
һап࣬ԭѾŵվˣûа취ֻܵǰһѽ
ʱǳǰҲѾҵ󣬹ֽһҾ˹צӶѾҵļ档
֪ҪǱȥǿɾͳ׵군ˣһһֱֻһֻץסҼϵצþȫˮȥ
һȥʮа˾ǻˣҲҪ汳
ʱպǰ壬ȻҲ֪Ҫ˶ٱǻɲ˳ǰǹɾһӸ˺ˮ档
һˮҾ͸оˮĴ̹ǣȻӱһɴƶٵתǹҸ޷ΧĺˮϴѹҵžҪѿˣſкˮҵĿй˽
Ȼҵǰһû棬Ȼ棬ҵ廹ڲͣתƹƹ֮УҸоԼײͣײһʯͷ档
ҺǱˮһ棬һ赹֮ǰԺʶ
֪˶ãҵĶͻȻδδĵˮҸоԼһС棬±ĺˮڻʣˢҵӡ
͵۾ȴǰһƬڰʲôҲҪڵǸոһǿҵʹʹҵ塣
Լˮеʱҵײ֪Լ϶ǱЩʯͷײģȻۣȴҶٵһΪܹоۣܹ֤ڻš
һᣬԼĺķƽȣһԼ壬ֳʹ֮⣬ϵĹͷûжϣһĵطҪϵĹͷˣǿɾǾһˡ
벻ˮȻطӦǸ¶ѨǺˮĵ¶Ѩ
뵽͵һطѲɾǧҪѰҵǸ˵ǵ
뵽г˷ܣҧʹһӾڵ
ҸоҵĴӶһҺòûжҸеʮֵˣӦΪװźöþߣܻļͻһЩ
ڱһ£óһֻõֵ磬ⶫǷˮģҺûиײãƿ˰ťֻԼľһѨ档
ⶴѨ׸ߣҲңѨм仺һСϪСϪ档
ֵͲǰһ£ûʲô֣Ҳ֪嵽ĵطҷɤӣǲûκ
ʯͷҵǲôģΪ˵ӾѪܹ֮󶼱ļӲû£ǵӦò
ĵǾôײҶʹ̣ͨ˿϶סģҲ֪ڵ


240 ԩ·խ
ǶѪܵӣȻõǹ룬֮ŻûˡƤûʯͷҲҵࡣ
Ǿͨˣһײ֮Ҳ֪ô
뵽ǸҳǶƤ񣬹Ҳ̫⣬뵽Ͳɵİڣ˵֪ôҾͲˣⷴǸԼ鷳ˣ
ʱǱűͷˣһأ˭֪ľȻҪһսˡ
Ҿˮƺһ⻬ĶָϸоȽϤֵͲһգֻǺȻҵľ
ұΪһڡľ֪ᱻҸȥأû뵽Ȼߣ䵽ˮʱӦһֱֽץġ
ľڵСϪˮûûҵĽ棬ǰš
ֵͲһ¶еǽϡֻܵĶڶ⻬ͬһҸоЩ֣ߵһߵĶԱߣָһ£ȻҾͷ֣Щ⻬Ķһˮˢĺۼ
ЩۼЩˡǺˮгУˮЩˮ϶ǾͨȥģԲŻѶڳˢĸɾͬһ
תˮķȥֻˮĶҲ
ǰ˼ۣҼǵԼˮʱһֱıģ嵽ȥˣǰ滹Ǻ档
ΪѵʱˮͻȻһ΢Ľǽʹֻ̫Զͷֲ嵽෢Ǳʲô
Ȼ֪ʲôģһǾȥľϪˮ˹ȥ
һξ룬Ҳŷ֣ͨǱֱǰģǳһת䣬ҸոתȥͿǰϪˮһźںĶǶˮвͣ䶯ҿҲڷһ΢
ΪǾеһأֵǰһգȴǶǸŵŮӣһɫβͣǼֻĴеһֻ
ֻֻ¶ϰһһģȥҲ̶ãⶫҲֱˣͣڵ䶯ӣȴһҲ
Σ֪Ȼȥ϶ˣӦıϣ˼׵Ӧñײˡ
ʱңвͣķһҰͷȥȥ˵
һŲҰ׵϶ϡϡĳָ״Сĺۣȥ͹˵ģһײвƬȥһѪʵ˲ֱӡ
ұҪⶫԱƹȥǰߣһߵǰұʹеһɵ̾˿һʹ˺֮С
ҿıȽ׼һڱţ͵س鴤һ£Ҳˡ
ȻЩ˸Ƕͷʹ࣬лЩ̣һҲһֽѡ
ҵֻһֻˣûҵͬ飬ҺʧȻǰˣǾ߰ɣҲûоĿ꣬ܲҵȫҪ
ǰһξ룬ͻȻǰ洫һ죬ˮбʱŲȵˮз
аĸˣΪʯͷǣϽǰ溰һɤӣǰ˭
˭֪ûκ˻شңǽŲѾԽԽʱѾЩԾˣϽֵǰ棬ֻһӰǰҿٵĳ˹
ӰһΣȴ׶ߣһ˫۾ֵ֮¾Ȼĺ⡣
ⶫŵòһѵģôôùȾ塣
һӰҾ֪ⶫԲǵˣΪû߳׵ģⶫһ˫۾Ǻɫģ˭
Ѿʱķһ·񱼣ԽԽĽŲ漱İ˵ԼʱǷΪʲôҪһԼᡣ
֣ªޱȣͲʺϸᣬû뵽ڲûᣬ˸ԩҾͷѽ
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طֻһ·ûٶȿ죬ԳҲᱻ׷ϣһ·񱼣Ѿ۵Ŀûˣ͵ͣתľĵ
ʵ֮ԸͣƴһҪԭǾڵѾǰϲһȫͬˣѪԡ֮Ѿ䵶ǹˣֻҪҲһץסȥӲƴûа취˵ҡ
û뵽źȻͣŪõһ㶣׾ͣһ˫۾ңзͳĺ
һֵزˣ֮ѾȫܱҪһսҹңҰһᣬһеľ幤Ϊǿ
˸û뵽һҸŵùֽһԱ߾Ͷ˹ȥ


241 ս
ٶȿĳ棬ȻҸһǻǸɾĶ㿪ҵĹȻһƾͳҵŸ˹
Ҹܣžһͱצץ棬ָͬѷذףץҵ·Ȼ󻮵ҵϡ
ָֻҵϻ͵죬ǵӻһʱ
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ƺҲû뵽Ǽһ֮⣬Ҳץҡ
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ʱҾľͷԭӸ˿ھͿ˹ȥ˭֪ľûѾҵϡ
Ȼڱõǹ룬ĳ棬һƸ鵽ϡҾ͸оǱʯײһؿ۵ķ·ѿȻźͷһҵϪˮ档
ҵƤõǹ롣໹Ǻܴһ°ҸˤòѪԭ۵ķ·һĹͷڸӵʹҾúһһѪ
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ֻһ죬һǿһľͷ棬ҵֱһ飬һУȻûгѪǷŭĴһɿ֣ź˹ȥ
žһˤϪˮ棬Ҳ˲ϻʹϽֽŲãǰһξ룬ȻվתľСĵĽ䱸š
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ҲǱȽϴģ֪צ˲ңҽҵײЧġ
ٶ̫죬ҸܣһҪǱײʵˣƾҵԡѪҲᱻײýϹۡ
鼱֮Ҳû˱İ취ֻôһڵһţֱӾͷļߣȻһӾĲ棬Ȼźȥ
оҾȻﵽĲϣһӾͣŭĴһȻֻ˹һӾץסҵĺ󱳡
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һѾͽұ·÷飬ǲûаҸȥʱַŭĽһ̧ץסҵȣҪҸ
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ȻұųһɺݾɾܳãҸоԼĽŲӶҪˣҲҪסˡ
˭֪ʱȴͻȻɿ֡
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ҪʲôʱֻǼһȻתһԼļ׼ʯڡ
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ڵҲҲ̶ãһڣҲ̲סˣſھһѪ
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ʱѾͷˣȻԺ͵һ˿Եģô᲻ҲһԶͬ
뵽ҲܲôˣսȭͷĿ¾ͺݺݵһȭ
һȭһȭȥ͸оҵʲôԲĶһ㣬Ȼ͵شһʹĺͨһְҸˮ档
벻ķӦô󣬿ղһ£һоʮֵʹһһ¸ղŵָУһȭӦǽʵʵĴⶫѵ棬ֲķӦô
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Ҷû˵һڵȻſ˫֣һ§סĲӡ
ڹƶ챻ҸŪˣ໵Ľֻһҵĺҵ졣
ұҲջˣһȭͳԴϸղűӸѪȥ
ǿղȻһòᣬͷѾʼˣһȭȥֱӾͽսѪˣ۵ֱͣУȻǾһˮ档
ĲסӣƾôڵϷһȻʱ֣ͷȭ
û£ˣ
ҸϪˮйȥʱһϤͻȻҵ


242 ܣһ
洫ǳϤʯͷ
̲סͷϲȻץҲҧңǸôʱ䣬ұڵĻɢ˼һЩסˡ
ֻһ󼱴ٵĽŲ֪ʯͷѾˣƴȫץסֱۡ
ʱҲоΣգʼƴҪҵĿƣұĺܽѲֻƲͣĴҵı
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ʱʯͷҲ嵽˸ǰֻһӸ߸ߵԾһĲ濳ȥ
ȻżӲĺɫƬʯͷĺڵ࣬Դܿˡ
ֻ۵һ졣ʯͷһȥֱӾͽԴĲһںȳѪҺŪͷǡ
Ҫǣʱ͵һ鴤ֻϵֻצһӾʹ̽ұƤ棬۵Ҵһ
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ʱѾûһʯͷϵ˰ߣһҵ壬еʵû£
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ߵҵߣ˷ŵϣתͷһ˲ǱˣǾֻڵľɫ԰ף۾ıţһҲ֪
ĶͷϺŲ˿ڣһѪȥҲ̶ãһΪѾˣϽʯͷʵôˣ
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ʯͷҡҡͷȻ󿪿˵Ҳҿ϶Ҿʮа˾Ӧþǡ
ôߣʯͷʵ
ҼˣС涼ǶѨЩѨȥͨСĵģҾҪҵӦߡ
Ӻô죿ˣ治ɵİġ
ʯͷҡҡͷ˵ˮһ©ΧСܣȻΧĶ棬Щ̫࣬ǸҲǵ׸һЩڶͨȥģûӦҲߵ档
ȻӺĶ̫࣬ǸͲһѰңĶѨ滹֪ʲôأֻðʯͷ˼ȥ
ѾϢĲˣվһȽţȻؿڻʹǲ޴ˣʯͷڵϰѾŶеСϪȥ
ʯͷ˵ⶴСϪĺˮγɵģ治ɵİ֣Щˮʲô浽ûд˵еǣǶΪǶģҪҲǶðѾȫû塣
ǰ˲ԶʯͷľͻȻһǸϽͣ½Ųžȥֻ΢΢۾
ƺоϵʹŮһüͷȻһۣʵôˣ
ȶˣûΣաҸϽ˵
˵ͷȻʵ


243 ܣ
ĻʯͷĬĵ˵ͷȻ򵥵˵һ¡ʵأ
ʯͷҡҡͷ˵ǱˮģŲµζҲǡ
ſʯͷļϣ´һۣǰ棬Ȼ˵طܹúˮôˮܹȥĵط˳СϪӦܹȥ
Ů˱Һʯͷ˵ļʶҪö࣬ĻǼǰߣʱͻȻ뵽һ⣬Ծ˵ǵģĹͷܲã
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ʱǰͻȻʮ־޴ˮˮӸߴʱΪġ
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ֻΧĶϸԶһڣЩ涼ͣϪˮУڵλþЩеһ
ڵĶǸӵλôԼ׵ľ룬мһȦƽ̨ϪˮӶӣȻ޴ˮͣڿӿ𣬽ռŪƣ·ɾһ㡣
˴ǰӡǰһ𾪵ľþʵ벻ص֮¾Ȼ׳۵ľ
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ǶֻһͣҸϽʯͷ;ֻ˵ɫʮֵأ֪Щʲô
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244 ܣ
ڶڳĺӰҸ߳ͷʮֵľ޴һ̲סľľ˹ȥ˭֪ʯͷȴͻȻҴһҪ
֪б䣬ľѾȥˣֻ֣ǸڶڳĺӰȴǷһ󺰣Ҳ٣Ҫѽ
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ӻζӴ˸кžҲȥطˮĻһҲ費ȫֻץסӣҪǾֻ첲סҵĲӣҸʹ
һھ棬۵ĻѣڵϴڵĴϢţȻһΧ
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ڴʱԶɽͻȻִһ
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245 ܣģ
֮ҺʯͷӵϥǶ̲סһ㵱͹ȥұľȴ۵һֱӾ³һѪ
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¶Ѩޱȣ˳źˮһֱǰûжԶʯͷͻȻͣΪʲôŵĽ䱸
ֻʯͷָǰ˵ǰж
Ļǰȥֻǰ棬ڵĶѨʱȻ˸ż΢Ĺâ
ǼâǵɫģǲԲϸͿ
ʲô쳤ǰţתͷʯͷʵ
ʯͷûüͷҲǰȥֻǸֻһţƺƯڰУڲͣš
ȻǵľԶһȥҾȻеһĪѹʱǹҲǷһĸԣȻԺҵȻһʮϤĸо
ָоر֣ȻҸо˳һ㡣
Ҳ٣ôоô֣ĲԼΪʲôָоʱǼһץץͷƤ˵
ĻһϽʵǲǸоǹϤ
ӵ˵ͷ˵ҸоǼеĳﵽô£
ҲָоӵĻҴһ˵Ȼתͷʯͷû˵ʲôǵ˵ͷǵĸоһ
ûָоҸϽľʵ
ұΪ˶ָоģ˭֪ȴҵıҡҡͷ˵ûиоУֻúѹ֣ѹЩ
ʱľ˵ЩѣǸӰʮֵľ޴
˵꣬һﶼɵˣŪ⵽ô£ΪʲôҺӻʯͷоǸУȴоѹޱȡ
ҾǶϵĶҵĸоղŵĽһʱֿ˵
Ļһǲ⣬Ϊʲôⶫֻоܣǵĸоָ෴
ΪܹѪʱ뵽ʲôͻȻڶ˵
ûлǻǧ֮٣ҲϱѪܵǶŻ⣬µĲǰӦþ֮
˵꣬Ƭ̣ȻǼһ͵һĴȣ˵˵ô˵ǲΪǱѪܵǰ˼ҾͰǵˣ
˵꣬Ĭĵ˵ͷͬӵ˵˭֪Ǽһ˵ǰϹѽͿ˲
˵Ȼ˵㣬ϸϸһ뻹мֵͲϹģȻܹоǣô϶ҲܿǣȻҲֱܷ࣬Ͳ⵽ô£
ʯͷĬƬ̣Ȼ󿪿˵ȹȥ˵ڲûбֳ⡣
ĻҺӵ˵ͷȻѾŵϣϢȻûж⣬ǾУΪԽϢҲԽǿңܲˡ
Ƿŵ֮Һӻʯͷǰ˹ȥ
ߵԽǸɫĹҲԽ󣬵ȵǺȻ֣ǹžȻһģ
ֻɫεĳһңƯڿУͣζߵĽˣζĸһڲͣҡβͣȥΪĸˣ
쿴棡ҺӶƯŵĹɵСȫĿʱʯͷȴͻȻ˵
ĻҺӸϽ¿˭֪Ķȴ𾪵һƨɾ˵ϡ
ֻǸɵС棬Ȼһ˶ͷǿͷһںˮ֮Уһڰߣ洫ϵϢˡ
⻹ѽǿ˶ͷӵˢһӾͰˣ˼ֵָǰ˵


246 ܣ壩
ǰĶһͷǿԴһ䷿СֻͷѾûƬѪ⡣ֻʣ°ɭɭĹͷǾǹϵϢǸоЩ
ʯͷҲ˼³һͷĳҲоޱȵ𾪡
ʱӲ࣬ȫѾɵˣۿͷҲĴڣȻҲǸʿǿֲ̫ңԶֱʱԼۿĵ𺳼ֱ޷
ʯͷ³֮ͷ֮ƯŵĹɵСȥǹϵϢСɢġ
ӦþˡʯͷĿ˵
ʲô꣬Ļ𣿡ʯͷʵ
ֻʯͷ˵ͷ˵ĻǣȻѾˣǲ׵ɢǾꡣ
ʯͷ˵꣬˵ͷ겢ֻܸܿоҲΪʲôеĸоǵԼɢ׽
ǾˡҾҪȹȥŪͷһڿˮĶ˵
Ϊҵ˵еǣһʼ滹ûǣ֪ʱԼۿ֪˵Ȼġ
ֻҪȡǱҪ߹ȥҪðȻĶʬǣ֪ʲôӦ
֪Ϊʲôԭ˺֮¡ͷӦọ̀ҷ֡ȻڣѾɢ˲֪٣֮ʣµϢ㲻ǿ󣬲ҪҲ㡣
ҪҪ߹ȥʯͷ
Ȼ֪Ƕ֮ʲôӦȴǹϵǵԱҪõɢϢǶЩġ
ҵĻ֮ʯͷ˵ͷȻСĵǾʬ˹ȥ
ߵļΪСģʱƯı仯ֱߵͷ֮ǰһֱû䣬βͷȸղŻζĸиҲǸоԽǿҡ
ʱĳһҵӣȻ̧ͷָָ˳ָȥɵĵһ
ֻͷʬһڰߣһûںˮ֮УȻͷ֪ж೤
ͨʬĬһ壬ֱ׶ࡣ
ʱŵֱţҪǻŵʱ磬˵в֮ܿԶҲ֪ˡ
ּһﶼıͣϵʬȻ֪ڷ˶ͷȥɢͬʯһӨӨ󣬿ȥʥ
ǲҶԴƹԴźȥ
ʯͷߵһǹһеǸǰͣ
ҪôŪУǵҪôⶾӿʯͷСʵ
ĥɷۣˮͷСʯͷش
ǿŪɣҪҹζࡣ˵꣬ߵǸǸǰԱһᣬҪ۶˭֪ƾþȫǶǽžļ׵ǣһҲ
Ӹ۳ͷĴ󺹣һ֣˿
Ҳ٣Ҳ̫ӲˣƿھŪӲһͷϵĺˮ˵
õԡʯͷ˵ž;ԼĺڵͿ˹ȥ
ֻһ죬һȥǿһ棬Ȼ죬ҸϽȥֻϱʯͷһһߡ
Ҵһʯͷĺڵж֪ģֱࡣû뵽һȥֻ濳һϸİ׵ӡ
ҳԾĻں棬ֻʯͷǰѺڵ۾ŵУ𾪣˳ĿȥֻǺڵĵʱȻһڣ
溣˵ѺڵǵһʮʱŴɹģӲޱȣ࣬벻ĹͷȻȺڵҪӲ
ҺʯͷڵϵĻڣɵĵһʯͷĺڵҲǣǿô죡
һʱ䶼ɵˣһᣬǼһȴͻȻһԴʯͷһ˵а취ˣĵá
ǲ֪һҪʲôʯͷǰԼĺڵֻʯͷĺڵߵǸǰ˵ǾֻҪǷûҪǶŪϡ
Ȼһһŵһַŵڵķ΢΢ϣһȥϻıٵķĩ
벻һȻô˴ĴָǼһͷ˵Ͻŵ㣬ŪͻȥƵطܾЩ̤ʵ
ҸϽ˺һԼ·ӵĺڵһһ£ûж೤ʱ䣬ȻѾӵһСѵǷۡ
ģǼһЩ⣬Ҳ˺£ƶëַˡ
ֻŤͷһƯŵ꣬ȻҺʯͷ˵ǹǣ˼ҿǴ󲻾ɣţҹƻһǡ
ʯͷû˵ҲһϽߴٵϻˣϽɻ
ǼһٺЦ˭֪Цû£ǵʹһϵ֮
֮ϷģһεĽԵıǰĶҪǾԱߣһ°˶һƨ˵ϣܶ
ֻ岻סĻζƺԵüΪ˷ܣȻӾȻһӷֳʱ֮гһģһֻ꣬ҪȸղŵһҪСܶࡣ
ޱȵľ֣֪ᷢʲô飬ƾþӶһҲܶȻͿ껯ɫĹߣ˾ͳ˹


247 ܣ
Ŀǳ˹ھǱʩ˶һƾôþڵһҲܶͰǼһ˸Ѫͷһѻ죡
ٶȺܿ죬ֻգ۵Ĺ͵ǸǰֻǰȻȻҵ档
ұŵòᣬ˵Ҫʲôûܵҵȥʲô
һ̣ҸоԼָֻɣҸϽڵʱʯͷҲ
˶һۡľ֣ϸһԼţʵȥˣ
˵ͷͷϵ亹ˣŵöҪˣģǽȥҪʲô
֪ܵҪʲôҲĸе£˭֪ʱߵ֮ȴͻȻһֵ졣
žžžǳĶӱѿһǸϽȥֻԭףӫתͬʯһʱǲȻѾĪʧˣɫҲÿݻƣͬһ֦һ㡣
ˣֻžžЩǵȻͣĳһϸСѺۣЩѺ˲ͱ鲼ǡ
Ǳǰľ𾪵Ŀɿڴ֪⵽ôһ¡
Щ޴ӲǾȻһȫɻҰɫķĩɢ䵽˵ϣԭϾ޴˲ͲӰ
ͻȻǸһź˼һᣬҲŷӦЩǶɷĩˣ֪ܲܽ⿪ʬĶԣҪʧȥЧãǿɾͲˣ
ʱӺʯͷҲ뵽һ㣬ֻǼһһͳ嵽ɵķĩǰһѣʵ⻹𣿡
Һʯͷҡҡͷ˭Ҳ֪Զǵ׻᲻ãЩɥĽǰǶϣȻɫ˲ʮѿ
ҿӵ͵һ£˲ͰˣȻ̧ͷҿϵ亹ѾˣͷԵüΪʹࡣ
ȻӼҧгݵĶǺãڶ
ֻӸո˵꣬ͨһͷԵ˵ϣͣķӣһĲҽС
ұһҪȥ˭֪ҵĽŲոȥһ̣ͻȻԼؿںʲôһ¡
һ֪ؿڶĶ϶ǽڵ꣬Ҳ֪Ҫʲôʹӣҵ亹ˢһ¾
ʯͷҲͣӣһԲɫصң֪ڵ϶Ҳˡ
ҸҪʯͷôһµʱ˲͸оһҵؿڱ񱩵ҵȫӿȥ
ǹպˮһ㣬ͨҵľһ˲ҵȫǿҵʹ̲סſ췢һҵĺУȻһͷԵ˵ϡ
ҸоԼھ˻һ㣬һѪҺȼˣȻҵտڵ磬ҪǣЩͬһһͣתתȥƺڲϵѭһ
ֲֿʹоҸоԼҪˣ˰ѹ̵ע䵽Լһ㣬ʹֱȱ˷ŵ͹ըҪʹࡣ
ҲͣڵϹȥĴţֻÿһں溰ȥͬһһ㡣
Ҳ֪ԼôˣҸʲô֪룬ֻ֪ͣķС
ǹȵҵڲ֪˼ȦȻ͸ҵƤȥڵĸоǱ˼ܵϿһ㣬ձȫÿһƤ
ִڵʹҼֱҪˣҲ֪˶ãڻָƽͱĥĻڵϴڵĴϢţ˺ôһǿĳڵ
̧ͷһֻʯͷҲҲǺͷǱˮܹһɫ԰ףǵʹҲᡣ
ҸоԼ¶ģһɢһŵĳŬ̧֣ƿԼǰ·һֻҵƤھȻһ㱡ͬһĺɫණЩҵƤ棬һճζɢġ
ұԼϵĳѬò˳Ľַ£ʱһߵȴǿ˵ĵôˣɰүĥˡ
ӵΪģղҲ۵òᣬζ붼̲סĴ¡
֪Ӧԭ򡣡ʯͷڵϣҲĻش
Ҹ㲻Ϊʲôܵǵڣиղǿҵʹô£ʱʯͷȴֿ˵ȻۣҾ겻ںǣҸоԼںһЩ仯
ʯͷĻҺӶһ£ϽԼ壬ͻȻԼ˲٣ָоǴڵɡ
оԼı仯治ɵĳһ˵Ѳɽڵǵ¸ǵ岻ɣ
ҲѵģүٻʮҲԸĿˡǼһȻô˵ıһҲоԼѾ˱仯ӣоһ˫۾ǰҪйʣ˼ǣһȻȸղԵҪһȦ
ӣ˵Ȼ棬ܹ˼ʣ
ڵϢһᣬϲʹʧȻڵվ
һվҾ͸оԼ˲٣Ҿ㣬̲סҪ쳤Хĳ嶯Ȼ֪ǵԼڵʲôָоͦġ
ǵ϶ǲͬһɢųĶǹζʵ̫̫ˣǸûа취ܣһվǶû˵ͨͨ˺ˮ档


248 ܣߣ
ºˮԭǱ̹ǵģһȥȻһҲûооʮֵ֪϶Ǹڵԭ
Ȼʯͷ˵ӦöûʲôһЩģ˭ĪܽȥһҲо
ںúõϴ˸ɾϰʱҷϵƤǰЩһˡ
ֻϵƤȻǰȥҪ˺ܶ࣬ƿ䣬ֱϵƤҲǰҪס
̧ͷӺʯͷʱ͵ɴ۾ʯͷԭƤЩڡǴƤļһ͸ˣһϴǱһһƤ𪣬ȥ·ʮꡣ
Ҳ٣ʱҲҺʯͷı仯ɴ۾һȻ˵ôһգ۵ĹͶϸƤ⣬Сϱһ
ҲһҰһۣ˵
ǼһﲻˣԵ˲٣ȥﻹǰһģԵʮֵĸ
ģ굽ôôܰǸıȻƻŮףҪǳȥ˸Ц˼һΪүұأӲš
ҺʯͷûǸϽź˹ȥ;ڵϣղֳʱ򷢳һҲ֪ǵôˡ
ӿˣҲˣƶ죬ƨƨߵľ͸һҾ֪ԭͻԡǾŵģڶڵϡһҲ
ǸϽܵǰֻɫҰףǴһѪǰ·ҲѪղӰʮֵľ޴
ָھı̽һ£ֻĺʮֵ΢Ҳʮҡ
һӾͻֽţʯͷһߵɫЩ׵˵˵̫أҲ֪ܲܶȥҪϽȥ
Ӻʯͷ˽ڱϣĿǰֻһ·ºһֱǰߣǲ֪ºͨʲôطȥȻˮܹȥǰӦûгڡ
ߵЩǱɵĹǻҸǰСĵڱóһϴװһЩȥǶѾ˹ǻңҲ֪ܲܽ⿪ʬĶҲֻһˡ
Һʯͷˮźһ㣬ֻǼһҩЧ˹˵һ˼ڣһСľ͸Ǻͨ죬ͣĿԡ
ǷûһζһҲѺȣʵѲѺȵΣĵĻ׶ʬĶûá
ҰѸǷ۷ŵ棬̾˿ǽʱһ߸ˣˣʷʮа˾ҲЩĿУȻѾҵǷۣȴòˣ󿴵ʷǾͲɵһܡ
ŵºǰ˲֪жԶһ·ҲͣĲ鿴žƣͨôص˹ѾУһ·ȻǻԲѣȴǵĺȸղҪĶ࣬ԽԽƽȡ
֪϶ǳԹԭ˵Ǳøһǹ룬Ҳĵĸıǵ壬ԶϵҪͨǿϲ١
˲֪ԶȻ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ɸ۵ͷ󺹣ֻԭϢ
ıͳһȿô⣬Ĵ󿳵һһ飬ȻֻڱҲһ顣
ֻХ֮һֱӵı棬˵ʬѾˣСڲͣķ
ҿһֻۣСƺΪĺŶ£ʱ͵͵̧ͷһۣȻָϽͷ¡
ֻʮֵĽƻӱʯͷץ֮һֱֵĺ֪ⶫֻ֣Լܣſıֳ˳ӣһҲǣı鶼װġ
ڲһԵĸоֻǿ־ı鲢װģⶫں¡
ӿֻֻ֪£ȻⶼԣɵЩ֣˵ôˣ˲ɡ
ǣΪϢжϵĴڣⶫܹоõϢʯͷһֻ˵
ĻǼһһ£Ȼ͵һĴȣ˵Ĵ˵˼ڲܵʲôطеҰ޿Ƕ򣿡
ʯͷص˵ͷ˵ӦϾϴϢеĶͲܸ⡣
˵꣬Ǽһ˵ЦԵʮֵĵ⣬˵ģӴԺүڿԺˣ
һ˵꣬һĵֻĺ棬ջ˵ԣԵĻӰˣ
ֻӵĽЩί̧ͷһӣŽյǿǰСĵĽ
ȻǼһҪԵ侲Ҳ֣ΪϢԺͲú͵Ұޣ뵽ϢӦþͲٺЩĴͿԽʷʬǸȥ
ȿȣа˵ʱԱߵϵľȴͻȻ΢Ŀ
ҸϽȥֻѾۣߵӸϽֽСĵʵû°ɣ
ɫ׵ˣҡҡͷ˵ʱûʲô󰭡
ȻŮһˣֵʵôˣôоЩһ
ŮأоͲɵһ¹شҾûǲҪźá
볶أ˭֪ԱߵʯͷȴͻȻڣһһʮİǾһ㲻ʣȫ˾
Щֵһʯͷ㲻һΪʲôǵܺޱȫ˾ҸеʮֵĲ⣬Ѳʯͷһ֪
ֻʯͷ˵꣬ԾŴͣͣ˵ɨɨȥ˰ſ˵꣬벻طȻвд꣡˵֮Ů˵ĿҺӵɨһȦ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôʯͷֻҺӿŮʲôҸоЩָоǱһǼһҲЩŤŲŲƨɡ


249 ܣˣ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪҺӣҸоܲʼվŮԼҶû˺øС
ѽû뵽ѡˡ˵
ӦѪԭ϶ѪܵԶѡˡʯͷԾ˵
˵ͷһҺӣȻ˵¹شȻһ֪ǵǴʲôı仯Ӧûл
ҺŮԶԶģΪŮǵҺӸоܲ
ȻЩѾˮݵЩףû˻ǳһ㡣ǰ߻֪жԶ·أԵ㶫Ͷס
֮󣬻ӱʯͷžʯͷһۣЩɣӸղıһԾʮֵΣԥľ͸ǵܣʱʯͷ϶֪һЩܡ
ҶԾǸŮʮֵĺ棬Ů̫ҸоܲжԶԶ
һһ߿һʱ䣬ֻѾ˵ڶʱ֡Ѿ˲·ֻ̣ºӵͷ⵽ж೤
һߵߵ࣬ĵطһƬĵ¶ѨһҲڡ
ʱһﶼۻˣеһ˿Ӱһƨɾ˵ϣڵĴϢşֲ̌˲ͷϵĺˮջҲүģطж೤ôöͷ
ȻҵҲʧ̧ӵļҪżǸŮڵϣüͷĬƬ̣ȻȻ˵һ¾룬ӦѾߵƬɭֵˣûĻºӦøˮֻҪټһᣬǰͻǳڡ
˾ĻǵĲǶٵİһϢƬֽ̡ųһҲ֪˶ãȴͻȻͷ治ͣĴ¡¡ڴһ𶯵¶ѨҲڲͣĶ
һоصĶǼһŵֱӾſ˵ϣֵĽʲôǣ𣡡
ҲϽ洫޴¡¡֮ǳľ޴ȴ׵Ҫ𶯵ͷֱ־޴֮Ͳֿܹġ
ƬƶſʯͷĺϣǺ
һ£ȻϽ̧һڹȻѾʮˣʱƬɭƶλõʱ
뵽вɵİԾɭؿǶƶֻһ㣬棬ûиоһı䶯ҲаԾʵ벻ͨʲôµȻƬɭÿ춼λãֱͲ
ͷʱͻȻҲ˺¡¡Ҳû⣬ǵԽԽʱȴŵֱڵתͷԱߵĵºˮ
ֻԭٻĵºˮڱļ˲٣ˮٶȱǸոʱҪ˲ֹһ
ղҾ뵽ˣÿɭֱλõʱҲǸĺˮµʱ򣬺ˮ£ֻһȥǾºӡ
гģ֪ˮǶôĿֲ¡¡ӵˣͬڣǼ۶
֪ĺˮγɵˮʱĶѨһ޴ĳˮڣᱻȫûڲܣô϶ᱻӿˮֱӸߡ
ʱҶ뵽⣬ɫɵĴ䣬ʯͷһܣȻѾǰͳ˹ȥ
ǼһҲڱ󣬷һǰ塣
ȻǵٶȺܿ죬ˮٶȸ죬һ˿־ˮѾǵһһ߻ͷֻɽľ޴ˮǳ˹
ұҵˮŵͷһһ߲ͣطûбĳڣҲֻһǰ塣
ôܷò˼Ǿͻᱻˮߡ
ûжԶҶѾܹоĽ˻Լĺϴĸо͵ػͷǰȴһ˻ûҽгγɵľ޴˻ͽҳ׵ûȻҸоԼӾеһƬССҶһ˻ͣ·
ǹˮ洫ʮ־޴󣬸ͲֵֻܹˮǰȻֵסˮ޴ĳڵȴʮֵѣȻͣıˮһҲûиоͷΣ֪ΪѪǿҵµġ
Ŭ۾ǰһƬڰˮʲôҲԱ۾ƾˮҵȥ
ҡҡλΣתҲ֪˶ãͻȻоΧˮðȻҵӻǱˮǰƶˮҪС˺ܶࡣ
Ȼˮ治֪˶ãҲûиоƣǾ֤ʱ䲢ǺܳҸϽ˫ĻˮԼȥࣵһҵԴ¶ˮ档
һ¶ˮ棬ҾŵʵĿȥֻﻹĶѨ棬˶Ѩ棬ͷ¹£ܶɭɭľģҾȻ˳ºмˮ档
Ű˹ȥµߣֻˮнˮҸϽǰȥֻӺʯͷ
ֻǼһո¶ͷһȻһְֻ߸ߵľţһֻֻˮŰʯͷҲž˹


250 ׺
εߣȰԱһ£ǳ˱ˮǺʱ˹ȥûʲô󰭣ӦǸղűˮʱʯͷ˻סǡ
ɵݵϣȻ屻Ѫܵڻ꣬Ǳٵˮǿˮѹѹǻһۡ
ڵҲ֪˶ãѾʼЩԺʱͻȻˮȻ˻ʲôڻˮһ
˱ŵһڵˮȥֻʱĺˮʮںԴ˹
ЩԴȥһųɢڼͷĳڷЩ˻ʲô
һڵʱвͣİп࣬˵ղۻˣȻطЩ˵ĵ̣ںӱϢֱ
ܣǼһһˮ˾ʹһҪ·
ܲˡʱʯͷȴǵͳĿ˵
ĻҺӶһ£ԱȥȴɵˣֻΧȫΧˣЩ˾ǣȫΧǲ֪ʲôԭ򡣾ȻûǷ
ҲүѽһЩǸΧסˣһ໰־Լһķڣ֪һӦǸǡ
˭֪һ﷭˰ҲóһҺʯͷ˵군ˣǶˣ
ϢܹѹסЩˣǶӸŪˡЩ˿ô죿
ֻǼһҲ˺ˣһùĴ󿳵˵ģүҶû¹ЩȻһһеĿЩ˾ͳ˹ȥ
˭֪ǼһոǰһЩ˾ܵ˾һ㣬ķһֽУоͳ˹ȥһһֻҲˣֻʣǼһһſĪǰ档
Щһڸʲôãŵ˻ʵ
ע⵽ˮЩҲӰƺȫǼһһ㡣
Щ˵һֻҪĴǻǹ룬Ҳᱻ벻ͨΪʲôЩռƵ¾Ȼͷܡ
Ϊǵ꣬Щ˸Ͳҿǡͷˮʱ򣬾ȴڵ˵
Ů˲֪ʲôʱѹģղŵһĻѾˡĻҲǵ涼һꡣ
ϵȻ겻֪ڵصƯ˶ֲ꣬Ϣɢ˲֪٣ֳַݽ뵽ǵڣϵϢɲЩֵܹģһʼǲûжǷѡ˹һӳȥЩҲܲϵŵĶӡ
껹ĹãǼһڸ˵ĺٺֱ֡
һۣȻ˵ϴϢǵҪԼ͸ջֻû뵽ǲ࣬ƼǧҲһΣʵ̫ˡ
˵꣬Ǽһһ£ȻĹЦҺʯͷļ˵Сľ˵ãǸǣͷ˵һҲûȫմҵĹѽ
һӽһִԴޣһȥǰһǰ֣ȴͻȻ֣һôһ׹⡣
ǵ׹֦һͬһһ㣬¹⣬ܹĿ壬һëļһⶫҸһ˵ɭѲɻűĹ
ҸϽӺʯͷһɤӣãǰж
ʯͷһصǰȥǼһȴǴֵǰڱϣɢ˵үͲʲôҸŸɣ
أ
˭֪Ǽһո˵꣬һͻȻһŵò
ԭǽӵģǱĶֻһֱı
ֻ䲻һǼһоûӣ̧һľͽֻһͷǲǣûϹʲô
ֻڵеصĽһ˫۾ͣĴӣԵʮֵĿ
һֻͨҰޣԴʮֵĴҸղеȥʮֵĻ죬ڴкһ㡣
ֻҲĶǵӰʲô
֨֨
СĵĽ䱸ŵʱǰͻȻ֨֨ĽǶһ£ΪôǺӵĽ
طк𣿡Ծ˵
ʱҲ𾪣ΪʱҸû淢һùطͲʺϺ棬ôкӽء
ڴһĻɵʱֻǰ߹һɫС㣬һֱ˰ɫëĺӡ
ֻӣҳһΪǴһﶼϵӣ·ȻҪֹǽȥϵĺӡ
ǶЩôͻȻطӼΪͨԣһʼʱһǽ֪ΣգûиһôΪʲôͻȻط
ֻС׺ߵʮԶĵطͣһ˫۲ͣ´ǣǿʲôһ㣬ҴӵıǾȻ˾η뾯衣


251 ֯
û뵽ֻ׺ȻܽڿƺЩǡ
ֻӼΪĴ϶˵ǵġ֮Բҹ϶Ϊԭ
ҿСӿӣ˻֣
ҵĺֻǺԥһ£Ȼ̽һ˹ߵǰֻǿԼһ˵ֱС
Сû̧ͷһ˫ۣͣɨɨȥɻη塣
Ҫ˭֪Ӹһε̯̯֣ЦǲẦģ㲻ú¡
Ȼô˵ֻСӲûзʱֻӵıһ⣬صСӲͣĽţƺֺСһ㡣
Ӻͱʶҹǰ϶ͷֻܴ֪ϣǸǺЩ顣ڲƴİͽᣬºʰ
ֻǰ׺ֳɻĿһֻۣȥֻǿϳ֮һ˫۵ɵϴ󣬾Ȼһ˿̰ȻһšֱӾ˹ȥֻצͷſڴ
ⲢζǶȴЩãֻҲ֪ĺô
һ̻ʰǿ¶ӣСĴ˸ãԵú㡣
Ҷ׵ǰֻҶģͨ飬ܹöԣʵôܽˣ
ȻСӻǶϵϢЩη壬ҵĻ֮ȴ֨֨ĽָָǣȻָֻͣš
Ȼ˵ӵĶһǿ˼ԭǼ˽֮СһֱǣǰȴͻȻһ˴ˡ
ͨӵıȻһĸҶɷ
治ɵĿһӣڼΪأǻ溣ĵͼײ߽ģ֮⣬˭ܽɽ棿
᲻ЩձˣʱͻȻ˵
ĻҲɵĵһЩձ˰Ҷ˶ȻǿɫŮʯôп֪λõľЩձˣֻܽʲô
ǲ֪ܽͨǵģֻСʵ
ҵĻС֨֨Ȼ˵ͷ
ЩжǸӸ̸ʲô飬û뵽Ȼܽͨ籨š
ʱǺֱȻһ£ЩӦѾҪ߳Ǹͣ仯Ķڣߵˡ
ģ˳Щձˣô죿תͷʵſҴɱ֪һһձ˾Ͷɱˡ
Щձ˴Ҷ˺ɫŮʯ·϶ûģ֪ҪʲôȻ֪ˣԲӲܡ
ǵҶӦñҪɥЩձ˵һĸҲ֪ܴܲĹ
ձˣ֯ˣӦǿµļǺţġ˭֪׼Ŷսһʱ򣬾ȴͻȻ˵
Ļҵ͵һתͷĶ֪Ů˲򵥣׿ڳˣŮ˸һ߽Ȼһ·֮ºۼǲŵǣǾȻһ˶ûз֡
㵽ʲôͷҽĶžʵҲŵĴ󿳵ߵվԱߣֻʯͷɫƽ˵ϡ
ȻʯͷķӦЩ֣Ҳа˵Ĳձĺ飬ѵԼҲǣĿľΪҪЩձ˽
ֻǿŮʯѾձ˸ˣڽҪʲô
˼ˣҲձˣҵ֪ˡȻǱʣʱľһƽŵ΢ЦָָԱߵʯͷ
;ʯͷķӦЩˣһĻϽתͷʵ⵽ô£
ʯͷһ۾Ȼң˵ỵˣǲú¡
ʲôͷʯͷĻиӵ֣ʵ
ӦǸһ֯ģӦҵϼʯͷƽ˵
ʯͷĻҺӶһ£һ˵ʲô˼
ʯͷʦ󴸻溣һڹǸΪصĲţֻǴҲ벻Ů˾ȻҲǸһԱҼʯͷҪߣ
ǰû𣡡Щֵʯͷʵ
ʯͷѾʧˣʧǸ˽ʮ꣬ҲһԱĻʯͷûпܲʶѽ⵽ôһ£
ʧ䣬һֱǲŵײ㣬ڵǸСǸأû˼ǡʯͷüͷü˵
Һӵ°Ͷ˵ϣͻɾ⣬벻ȻأʯͷѣڼȻô˵ˣô϶ҲѾͨĳַʽ֤ݣıֲŻ˵֡
ҸоԼһ˼˾ֻŮ˶ЦЦ˵Ҹ׺ͲȴҲǿһԱֻ길˲ʧ٣Ҳ꣬汻ҵǸЩŮʯģҲС飬֪ôǲ֪ܡ
ҺžоЩɴһƨ˵ϣһ˼ֽʵڸΪʲô
Ůʯǵ˶ȫѰŮʯЩձˣҪǸЩձ˵ǰͷҵŮʯоŪЩձ˵Ŀġ


252 Ե
ÿҶһЩصĲΪ֪ص֯Щ֯˶ӵһЩӵеͨһ˵칦ʿ
ǰֻڵӵӰʶʯͷ֮Ҳ֪Щ֯ǼٵģʵڵģҵʦʦֻʯͷҲ֯һԱ
ֻôҲ벻ǣȻҲ֯ģļʯͷĶҪߣֲһʼŮҾ;ء
Ȼл಻⣬һһܹ֤վǵĶ档ǵĵˡ
˵꣬һͷʵŮʯձ˵ôһ£еĹôһ£
˵һеΪĹҵһûŪĹĺܶܣʦֺʦȥ򣬻ǸָȥĹô¡
ҵĻ֮󣬾ĬƬ̣Ȼ󿪿˵ձȻսܣǴ˺ܶҪףǱǸŮʯܡЩձ˲֪ʲôĿģŮʯһֱߣҾôĵ飬Կ϶ձ˵곷йʱѾһŮʯҳһ벻ЩСձȻͼıŮʯôˡһҵһ飬Ҷ˱ߵһ飬ŮʯСձһˣЩձ˵ҪŮʯȥʲô
ЩֵʵЩձ˷ѾĻŮʯҪ
ԭΪ֪û뵽ҵĻ֮ȴҡҡͷ˵ձ˵ЩŮʯȥʲô˭Ҳ֪ҲǾձ˵ļ֪һ˿ձս֮ЩձʦѰŮʯжҲֱͣʮǰǵõϢ֪еһĹ档
˵̾һ˵ʱǹҸձϵţЩձȻ֪ŮʯĹ棬ǸͲ֯ȥѰңձļųڷ磬˵ĹһĳԽȻ˹ҵӣ˿ȥǵļϸͻڿ档
Ҳɵĳһ˵ЩСձ̴ÿ治ÿӵȥ̽ĹܣȻżϸɡ
ǸһձʦҵĲձ˰ڿļϸ˵ﳤ̾һ
һʼǸʱ򣬲Իû뵽һȻһձʦֻСձƣΪʦ֣ˮһա
Ҫ󴸿ݣ˵ǿŮʯͻᱻЩձ˸ˣҵʱǸͲ֪ŮʯܣĿ׳ġ
󴸳ȥ֮󣬻ص֯Ȼе˵˳ͨձ˵곷ʱûüļ֪ǵͼı
ҸоӶЩˣǼһŴͣǾ׿ڸǣҲ벻ȻôĻ
ǿɫŮʯȻѾˣǹصͲ˿󴸲ûнһֱĹ棬ˣҪһĵطȥˣǸɴɢϢ˵ǿŮʯϣʮЩձڵ
˵һۣȻ˵ʦҲ֪󴸵ģҲȥֻ㣬ȥ˻ˮһֱûиеܡ
ͷƽʦҶȥ϶ȥʦˣӦû£һ뵽Ǹûмʦֵ걻Ůʯ˵ɹĵʵʦôˣ
һֱ˶ʮ꣬ǵطһܹѹסŮʯķɣһмλһֱˣʦҲȥˣƲӦȬˣ˵ղֻСӿ󴸻ʦ
ҼһӾվϽţʦǶһֱܹ˵ܻôܲ
ҵӣЦһ£˵ڲŵǸƶĶڣҪϵطٻҪһĹ㲻żǵġ
Щ˼ץץͷƤһֻëСӣͻȻһʵҶ˺ͺɫŮʯô£
˭֪ҵĻ֮󣬾ȴǳ̾һȻ˵ҶɽĸˣӦҲ֯һԱ˵ʮǰĪʧˣû뵽ȻҶ﷢ŮʯЩձʦҲøˣŻᱻ˶
˵Ǹ֯Ȼڣ涼һЩõˣƽնɢڸأԺɢרŸϵЩ˵ģʲô˵⣬֪ͨЩˡ
ҶҲ֯һԱӦεʱĵõǿŮʯȻײҵطձˣԲŻɥڴˡ
һ£ЩձѾõŮʯټĹһ飬һ飬ôӦûɢ档
뵽ֵʵŮʯҵûУ
˭֪ȴҡҡͷ˵ŮʯĹżף궼˵ձ˸ձǸͲ֪ŮʯλãЩձȴ֪ġ
군ˣʮȥˣЩձ˹ͰŮʯˡ
˭֪ȴ˵󴸴ŮʯϢ֮˶𾪣Ȼ֪ЩձҪŮʯʲôôһǸ߶ӣʮһֱйעÿһҵձˣڻȷŮʯûбձ˸ߣͨЩձ˵ĶѾܹƶϳŮʯĴλá


253 
Ļһ£ҹĵĲŮʯǾǸ֯Ӧÿǵ顣
ʦ֪飬ͼȷǲҽʦ뿪֮ΪʲôҾǱ˸ָһһߵĹ棬ǸָҵĪʧ˵
뵽̲ס֣ʵϲʶ
ҵĻһ£ʵǸȥĹ𣿡
ҵ˵ͷ˭֪ȴ˵Ҳʶ룬Ӧò򵥡
ĻҳһȻʶǸΪʲôǻߵһأ
֯еΪˣеѰЩձ˵ټǲֻһˡ
˵һʯͷ˵ҪһȥĹʱҲȥȥһΪȷһǿʯͷڲĹ棬Ҫûе겮ʧû뵽ǾȻϵǣһΪ֯˸͸¶Ŀڷ磬ڿӦòǡ
˵⣬ɫЩأΪһȥĹֻм֪Ǹһ֪Ķģô֪ģ
֯˸ߵص˵
ҲɵİԾ˵ʲôͷ֪Ķ򣬶һѾĻİǺ;Ūһ飬ôΪʲô
ҵɫҲЩѿ˵֪϶Ǹ֯ʲô⣬ʲô˾Ȼܹ͸Ǹ֯棿ձˡҲ̫ˣ
ڻŪȳȥ֮һ顣ɫЩ˵
ʦʶʮˣʲô⣬ƾʦıӦͿˣ⵽ôһ£
Щʱûд𰸣ղ˵Ѿ֪Ůʯλãʵʯͷʲôط
˭֪ҵĻ֮ŮȴصһЦ˵ǹһܣǻ֯ˣ԰˵ܸǡ
Ļһ£ʱԼЩ³çˣֻܵȷʵҺ֪˵Ǹʵеˡ
˭֪ȴҺһۣͻȻ˵ڸҲû£ΪϾԼˣʯͷһɽһ½̲档
˾Ļҵ˵ͷȻ뵽Ů˸ղź˵ҺҪԼˣ⵽ʲô˼ѲҺҲ뵽Ǹص֯治ɣ
뵽Щֵʵʲô˼ʲôԼˣ
û뵽ȴǸ˵ЦȻ˵涼ǣѵһĻȻ֪ʲôôȴ֪ԺԲͨˣ֯ȱ֣Ǽô
ĻҺӶˣû뵽ǼǸصĲţ֪ǱʱҺֹҾ֪Ů˴һʼѾ⣬ҪҺӼ롣
ȻʯͷʦʦֶǸصĲ棬ȴһҲϤҲ̸ʲôøУǸŶ˵ЩңԶأټֱ˵ĸоĻ֮һֱܵĵִɵüͷ
Ǽһȴһڵ˵ҲŲʲôƨأүһңڣ͸жá
ߣ
Ӹո˵꣬ȴĺһƽʱֵģر¾Ůˣһӣʵı͡
һĹһ͵ĶӦùηһӵˡǼһ˵
һĻǼһǱһһӾסˣȵ˵꣬һתͷǺϾȻһĨɱ⡣
֪һβͱ߬ѾɱˣҪɱڡ
Ҫڵվסӣ˭֪ûüŮַЦ˵ôɱѽ
ȻԱߵʯͷ˵ǸһģɱڣԼܴù𣿶滹ǵˡ
˵ĺᣬҿǼһͷϵ亹˵ʵʯͷͬһţȻĿɱ
һճʱû뵽ǼһɫͻȻһ䣬ԭɱںⶼѵһЦʢľջһޱȡ
ֻǼһһЦţһūһԾ˵ҵḶ́ôð˼ң˵ԺҸ죬ϵɽ»ҲԲẬ
˶ĵĻҲһѪ˳ʵ벻һȻô죬˻ô޳ܣղŻһɱգۼͱһūš
Ǽһһۣ˱ӣ˵Լôô޳ܵļһʯͷƤҲ̲סĳ鴤¡
ûӣһۣ˵¹شϢޱȵǿ󣬵ڸͲ֪ôƺԼԱҪǣ֯ˡ
˵зһĨȵɡ
ǲܿǾܱú̽ʵ
һĻǣܸ벻ĺô֯˶ˣһܹǵġ
ǼһԵüΪ˷ܣžͣĵͷҼ룬Ҽ룡
ʱȴֱֱңȻԾûʲôøУʦʦֺʯͷһģʵûʲôܾɣֻõ˵ͷ


254 
ҵͷŮ˵ϸֳһĨЦݣЦҸоܲɵԶ㣬ʯͷԱ¡
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ʯͷıЩΣҺٺٵЦ촽˶ƺҪʲôһﲻԴǣջʲôû˵
ӶžһĵͷȻҲյҸǰСֹʿСү֪Ů⣬㿴Ƕ˰ɣҲ֪Źض಻ࡣ°뱲Ǹͽˡ
һͣȥм쳣֪ʦʦûиϹ
ֻʱȡһɫͬĴָһϸСͲǲ֪Ҫʲô
ͲһľƵӡֻŮİǸľεȻͲзࣵһ죬һɵɫð˳
ǹһðɢҹ֮УҲӰ
ǶЦһ£˵ǧ㣬ɽĵǾƵģõģ֮ڣǾܹ֪ǵλá
ҺӶԾŴͣ벻ղһɿƲ۵ȻôãȻܹ֮ڵ֪ǵλáֲýǧ㡣
Ҫľǵţ⣬֮ǰӦþҵǡ˵ɵɵ˲ݵϡ
֪û˯šҺûа˯⣬мǹʦʦ֣ǼһΪĪļص֯
ܸܲ˵һ£ҲҪʲôˣȡߣɢˣʵڲʲô֯ⲻҪƳһڵϵľСʯͷ˵
ʯͷһۣ˵˲ݵϣļ˵ΪȡȡģȡҪȰƶ˲УʵʵĴŰɡ
ǼһﱻҸһһ㶵ģֻ̾һ˵ģû뵽үҸ˰뱲ȱ¹ھȻ˹ҵˣģ
ûֻͺӣֻֻСӳ˱֮ܲȻֻıϣһһģĺǿġ
һֻƺһʼЩһˣֻӺһ
Ϊԭ򣬰׺һֱǳη壬ҵĺ֮ͣһ˫ҡ
˰֣ʾСԥһ£ֻߵҵĸǰ
ֽںӵıֻ֪ҪʲôŵõֱУҽൽǰȻֻǰһˣ
ĲмûֻǰȣǷֻʱǰ֫͹򣬿ڿȥǰȾȻнʮֻ֣мȾȻԼڳ
ͷˮңֵʵô˵ʿСүﲻԾ
ҶָָǰȣȻ˵ûз֣ȺԼˡ
ҵĻһ£ȻչϸĿۣ͵һĴ˵Ҳ٣ǣô£
֫мҾǺ챻ģҲԼҸо֣˵ֻѵʲôرɣ
Ϊԭ򡣡ҺӴ۵С۵ʱһڲݵϵľ֪ʲôʱ˵
ǵģѪŻǱõǹ룬ȻѪ˵㣬ǳԺǻкôģȻΪ⣬ҺҲڡ˵ָָԲѵ
ãԶҲãӦþǳ⣬Żмıֳµ֫塣
˾ĻҺӶоЩ˼飬벻Ȼ˵ĺôʱһѳıң淭һ飬Ȼʧתͷŭеı
ֻɱ˵ĿŵòֱͣУ֪ղֻСӳԵ϶һˣڵµʱǾͰŵӵıǿҲһ顣
ôõĶȻֺֻõĸ˺ӳԣôֻܲһֻۣȻתͷֻӣ۾µµֱתһɱӿƶǰȡ
ֻСӸһоϴɱ⣬˸֨֨Ľһһľܿˡ
ǼһĲᣬһ潫ֻߣһߣ޺޵ģܼ⣬ǿһˣ
ֻˤòᣬڲݴصĽţֻԭѾ㿪İ׺˻ֻϵϣԶ־˹ȥֻߵʱ򻹲ڵϼһ飬һǼһͷϽҵĻͷ
ƿڴ̲סĴЦʯͷ;Ҳ̲סЦ
ӺͱûԶԱߵˣʱĴǵĽǾԭһֱš
ʱ콥̫ҲҸоЩⶼѾˣĺ浹ǿԿӰӣǺˮûȥץֻţ˵ĸ֮ǰӦþҵǣֻмȡ
̫һ룬ҵҲԽԽ֪ʦ˻ʦˣֻ˶ˡ
ǵȵļٵʱͻȻһХХ෢ģƳŵˣİ׺æֻ˳
ǸϽڵվЩţʱȴһۣ˵ýţԼˡ
Ļո£ֻл߳ĵӰ


255 ʦ
ֻĵӰ߰һ̫ԶҲǵò
һԵüΪ˷ܡһɤӡ
ֻĽ֮ٶ˲ӿ˲٣Ǿͳ˹
֣߳Ҳŷ֣ĸ˶ˣߵһǸȥʮ꺺ӣƤڣеģ۵ǣоȻһɫĳǹ
Ǳǹǻɫģȥûͭһ㡣
ұһϵĵʿһĵۣͷҰף䣬һܶϵĵƮҡȥмɷǡ
ϵʿұߵ˸ӵֻۣ˺ȻǸϵĺУһҰ׵ɮۣһľһĹͷ⡣
ұߵһȥʮͷˡֻ˴һĺ£ƽͷһȥΪĸ
ϵûʯͷôԣԿȥҪ࣬˵΢΢ţ·һ˿
ҵһۼˣȻһʮϤĸоûпʦҸоЩʧ
ĸ˵ٶȷǳĿ죬һǸǰֻмǸϵ˺ͺУߵ˫۾ͣҺʯͷӵתתȥϹһ˿ɻ˵Ȼܴˣ֮ȴŵľâҺ˻Ĳ
ǸųǹȴǶ׵˾ǰеĲ֪˵ʲô
ĸ֮ұߵǸȴǿ첽ʯͷ˹ϴſĵЦݣſ֣һѾͽʯͷ¥˻һĴļһ߹Цţ˵ʯͷʮûˣģû䣬ǵ𣡡
ƾʯͷ֣һҪסһΪѵ飬ǲ֪ʲôԭ򣬴ʱʯͷûжƾ˽ԼסϵıЩŹ֡
һĻ̲סЩΪѾĲµ˵ݣǸûмʦ󴸣
Ҵһһʦ֣Ҿһֱʦֵʲôӣû뵽ҶٸоЩͻȻһʱȻ˸ôк
ֻʦɿʯͷҺһۣȻȷʵ˭ҵʦܣ
ҸϽǰһӣнеݼʦ֡
ҵĻʦָ˵һЦߵҸǰͣҵļ˵úãʦ۹ȻСʦһ˲ţ˵ʦҲܸոʦܡ
ĻҲЦֻǼһʦһۣƨҲûҷţʦһǲһŲȥùͷء
ʦ§ҵļͣţȻֽʵСʦûж󣬵ȳȥʦָܼƯ
ĻұǺÿ벻ʦֵܵһμȻô˵뵱溣˵ʦ֣ӦþģҲ֪ҪôشֻúٺٵЦ
ӷ𡣡ʱһֱɻǵϺȴǰһһš
Ȼڵҿλʩе֣ô£
Ļ濩һӣϺзǿ϶Ϣ
ҺӻûüڣԱߵľȴͻȻ˵ʦǱ壬涼Ļǡ
Ļ˶Ǵһ񿴹һĶǣʦҲŴͣĲ˼顣
ǸкĺЩȷ֤ʵһ¡
ֻĵ˵ͷ˵ʵ
ȻͰǽԺľһһʮȫ˳䣬кǸĵһֱͣĵͷгԾ˵ţѽ
ͨĽܣҲ֪˵ݣǸϵʿɽ棬Ҷ˵ʦܡ
ǸϺ̨ɽλõɮ
Ǹһ˳ǹˣֽ£һλҡ
ʦûпʦҺǵģæʦʵ
ҵĻʦЦЦ˵ʦû£ǵطмձˣʦȥʰˡ
ԭЩձһֱѰʦֵټʦһֱǸصĵطձ˸ͽȥԾһֱ档
ʦֵ˺ˣڿԳˣЩձҲͿʼҪһʰЩСձأǽӵϢԾ͸˹ֻʦλ˶ԸЩձˡ
ҲɵЩʦЩձʮֵҶ˾ǵϣʦ᲻Σգ
ʦֿϵĵģҵļ˵İɣʦı㻹֪˵λʦһʰЩձӻ㡣
Ȼʦ˵ҵ滹Щĵģ뵽ҶʱдѪ֣ʦʵЩձ˺ʲô˱ʽǵǸʲô
Ҷڰ˱ʽ棬Ҳرĵġ
ҵĻʦһ£ȴǿ˵ҲʦѪˣ˱ʽͷһ˵ӦЩձʦƳһǿʽ񡣡
ʦҲ˱ʽô죿Щĵʦʵ
ҵĻʦֵɫҲüΪѿȻҵļ˵Ӧûµģǰ˱ʽӦò࣬ʦûôɸպϵģ˵ˣƾ˵֣ҪҲѡ
ʦ⻰ڰοң֪ԼҲûףľЩ顣


256 
ǰ˱ʽ֪ʲô⣬Щձ˵ҶˣǸΪĶʦȻڰοңҷҲֳһĨĵġ
Բۣʲ
˭֪ʱǸϵ˵ͻȻһһ㣬ֱӳ˹ȥ֦ͬһ֣һѾץסӵļ
ǼһһǿеĻû˵ɫͱò԰ףͷϵ亹ѾˣӲĽĻʵ˶档
Ҳһ֪ϵҪʲôҪǰ˭֪ʦȴسһ£ʦֵı֪ӿ϶ж⣬Ҳͣ
ִֻӵļϡɫءڲͣ˼ʲôһ˺һ뿪ӵļ򣬶ʱͨһƨ˵ϣһ˫۾Ķ棬Ҳ֪ԼҲϵ˵Ķ֣Ǽһƨûš
ôʱǺȴߵ˵ǰʵ
ȷʵڣ˲֪꣬ڼϷֳݣ˺ܶ࣬ǸǵĺôҲ㹻ˡ
Ҳ֪ղ˲̽ڵûж⡣Ǽһƺ˲СĿͷηһˣСĵԱŲһ㡣
и⡣ȻѾˣҲܹѱģҪѱڵ꣬Ǹ鷳˵üͷһۡ
Ҳ˵ͷ˵ܹġϱѪܵϢӦҲ˺ǡ
ǰĺк͵ʿһһҲһ㣬˵˰ѱڵ꣬ڿûϷˣһ۾ԽľԼŮ˸ƭˡ
ֻʱԼİȡһɫķĩȻһװˮϡ֮СĵͿĨھϵ棬֦СĵĸϣִϹͷѵĵط
Ʈһҩζ֪ǺɫķĩӦһҩƺԽǶЧá
ҾǻǸϿȥһ˺ͺ˵
ֻ˵ͷʦİóʳݵҵϣ˵˰СʦܣϽԵ㡣
ʦֵлϽӹָˣһҹͶüˡ
򵥵ĳ˵㶫±žʦֱȥڶһ˹һôİ׸ŵòᣬҸϽһ£˵ǽǵˣ
ȵڶʱ֣ǲ߳Ƭ֣СϪ֮ǰʱҲһΪҪ飬Ǿ֪ĵطǲ֪ôȥ
ǸڲͣıλãǽĶԺģ˺ܾҲһֱûзֳȥĳڣǺã
ʦǼȴִʱǵϿһĽʱҵ̤ʵӦ֪طĳڵ
үү֪𣿡ſ±ϣǰ˺
ֻǺǵЦ˵۷ҵ۾ŮľС
˵ϵͺǰ棬Զһʯȥ
ߵʯڵĸǰҾɵˣֻǿʯҵĵط˼죬ڻܿĺۼ
֣Լ˼춼ûзֳڣʯȥʲôûУǸڵʲôط
ƺһı飬ֻ˺ͺ˶ӵЦЦȻߵʯ֮ǰһһҵվá
ǲ֪Ҫʲôɴ۾ʦֺȻҲ֪Ҫһɻ
ֻĺʱ򻺻Լ֣ʯ棬ȻҾͿǵƺһ⣬ʯȻˮһһȦ
һΪԼ۾ˣ̧۾ʯɷһȦȦ
ʱ˶ͣ˼ǰʯڣֻֻëСԵüΪĸˣڵ㵸֨֨Ľš
һۣʱ֪Ϊʲô˵˷ܣˣҶҲַ߳ȥġ
˵ע֮£ֻ治ͣʯƽʯ֮ϻĳһڡ
ǸڣҳԾͶҪˣôҲ벻ףΪʲôһúõʯĪĳһڡ
ֻʱ˺ͺɫЩ΢΢ףղǿĴ򿪶ҲǺķ˲ٵķ
үү⵽ô£ʱҲĳԾʵ
ֻǺǵЦһȻ˵ܵһĿƣԲŻ᲻ͣıλãҺͺʦղֻͣ
컹ҪЩʲôȴǻ˻˵ץʱȥⶴڲʱǸסŲ˶õġ
ϵͺУа˵˹ȻȻ÷ǸڸӲıƳ
ĻһϽŶ˽ȥȵһ棬ҷǰһжôϤطǳȥǸѨ
ѨʮֵļΪʱʷԼסЩ޴󣬲лӳȥȻһĨŨŨĿ־壬־һ̾ͻῴʷʬǡ
תͷǸͨȥֻͨڴʮֻȥĴЩǱǸġ
ʱЩʬԱһ߲Ұ׵ĺǣһ˵ĹǼܣѾûһѪ⣬ͷϲӡǱʲôѪеһ


257 ʬ
Ǿߺǲߣĵһҵ۾ʪˣԱߵӴһȥͨһʬǰޡ
ҺʯͷҲߵʬǸǰʱҵѾƲסţʯͷ˫ҲѾ죬±ߵ˸ǰһ̾Ϣ
ϵʬǲǱ˵ģʷģȻ׼ǿ˲ң滹ͬһʹ
ʷѾһ˿Ѫ⣬ɢĹɢĵǣ沼ӡǱЩй֮ӡǡ
ǿеʹԼĶ˳ڵϣһİʷʬǼ档
ʷΪģҾԲܰʬһҪȥһ
Ҳүүʱͬһ㡣еĴ󿳵ŵЩʬ岻ͣĿš
ܹѪ壬Ӵŭ֮£ϾȻһ㵭ĺЩʬ屻飬׺ֻŵòͣĵţ㵽һߡ
Щʬ嶼飬ƺǳһڶϵǲɫâҲĵȥ
ʱ˺ͺȴǲͣĶӣɫأ֪ЩʲôҰʷʬǶװ˱棬ڵվ
ǳȥɣС˵Ҳ˲ˮ˵ͷȥ
һ·ϲϵЩʬ֣˲ԶҷֻСͬţһҲ·ߣİֻԴûˣӦʦǽʱɱġ
һʬֺˣܹȥж˿ŽޣߵǸʯԱߵʱֻкһһҵߵߡǻм䡣
жСһ㡣СĶ˵
ĻҲǸսʱһһĶסֻҲ֪ʲôʮֵ㱻ˮȥ
Сĵߵ԰ǺǸȴһֻҲûг֣Щ֣˵ѲϢ
Ǻкȴվ԰ĺˮĬƬ̣Ȼֻʵʦ֣ʱ㿴ĵʲô𣿡
ֻҡҡͷ˵ٶ̫죬Ϳ塣
˵꣬Ұһ˵ôԽطԽԾܾǶѰ
Ҳ˵ͷ˵ҲмΣǶҲû취
ˣЩˣطҲʲôǻǸϽȥɡҡҡͷ˵
ǵĶԻˣǸսʱ϶Ҳ˺ĹǶûпǵǸʲô
ǿĳһĶںˮһӾ;룬ֵͦһβͣһߵβֻͣβȴûһƬ
˰Ҳ֪ǶʲôڿһתߣϽȥ
ߵڣҷڶڵҶ˵ʬѾˣȴһѣǽʱҶ˸ˡ
߳ڣ˺ͺҶĹǰ˫ֺʮľһ
һҾ;ÿгһŨŨѪζȥֻ浽ʬ壬Щʬ嶼ȺģȻЩһֱǳȺʦԲűɱôҡ
Щʬ壬ʮֻȺȻһ롣
أ
СӸڱϵıͬʬ壬췢һͳĺȥΪİˡ
һ־ͽֻ棬˵ʲôУԺ͸үˣܱЩȺҪĶࡣ
ֻ۾ۣ֮ˣصĽǴӦˡ
ҿһЩȺʬ壬ûзֻߴѾ·ˣҲǱɱˣҲҳˡ
죬߳ççɽຣһҽԺ棬϶ˣҪסԺơ
һǼһҪߣΪıװ˲ںĹ͵Ľ鱦ȥ֡
˭֪ǸŮȴ½ˣֻŵЦ˵ЩǹŶڹҵģҲ֯ˣǰһַĹ
ǼһﻹûзӦͱһѽҸ˹ȥЩģһ±ֱɱܡ
ֻһһҪƴֻûüµƾʹļϡ
ֻǼһɫ˲ͨ죬Ȼ԰ףͷϵ亹ֱ䣬һᰥϲҽһͨһƨɾ˵ϡ
߳⼸죬Ҳʹʦָ˵ᣬȻȴһѧʦйкܶز¶ĸ֣Щ˲Ķ书
½ʮ꣬ǰ˼ȭ˼ȭ̥ǹһ˳ǹèĹôĶ֡
ֻǼһϣŵøϽ˹ԶԶģڴĶҲˡ
ຣ죬ֱϣʦͻȻ˵Ҫߡ
ҿʦֵϴżֽأ֪϶ʲô飬Ͻʵʲô£
ʦ̾һ˵½Щձ˵ټҪϹȥ
Ҹһȥ
УЩձ˶Ǻʦȥ㣬ױ¶ʦֶҡҡͷ
֪¹شҲͲǿֻദ˶̶̼ҪֿжЩᡣʦȴЦЦȥӺʯͷй
Ҳ֪ҪʲôǰӺʯͷе˷ֻǵҽʱȴַˣǺкˡ


258 
ҽžͿ棬֪ҪʲôֻǼһҪߡ治ɵİˣ϶żЦݡ
ǻܿԼڵ꣬Ժ׾ܹ˿֮ǰҪǰӡ֮ڣϢйҲͲ׵˵ע⡣ɻǿ˵
ǵ壬ڳ˵вûʲô쳣֮Ǻǵһμʱ򣬺к˾ͷ쳣˵һǸͿƲڵꡣйġ
˵꣬ҵ˵ͷֻЩҪʲô취ѹڵꡣ
ڵȻֳ֣ȻǿĿֲѹסġҪ̸һĿھֻԼܹꡣ
ֻ˵꣬ڻͳһСӣҵУе˵ҺͺʦоһʺǵÿһϢڣй
ַһ£дҳ֮࣬ʱ˺ͺΪܹס˲ٵ˼
ҸϽǰ˾һʾлȴǺǺһЦ˰֣˵ҪϽߣʹ˸ǡ
˵ͺͺ߳˷䣬ҷʦҲ˱ҡֻߵҸǰҵļȻʯͷļ򣬻ͷ˵ҲˣǣȻ˵
ʦ˵˳ȥֻıӰ治ɵİģûлʦо̤ܲʵ
ӱΪǶҪߣû뵽»оޱȵʧַһ潻ҵСӣһƪھɬѶĵطϸע⣬һƪھ
˵߾ˣڷ۵СۣǼһ̾һԹ˵˵Ľôһ£үҺòŪֵǮĶû뵽ۻȫİæˣ̫ˣҪ˵Ǳ͵һˣϽ·ɣԺ˵˻Ǯء
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һǼһйˣȻŲתֻϣ¸˽
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ǳˣһֱ취ҵʦ䣬һֱҲϵϣӵżһֲõԤС
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Ǽһ¼˾߻һ£һҪң˳뿪
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˾ĻǼһŴͣû˵Ҳֻ³һĴͷСֹţ̵ģүⱲӾԵŮˡ
;ֿҺʯͷ˾͸ʷϼңźһ𣬺ʷʶ˼£ΪǶģԴһ涼˵ܡ
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ֻһ·вɵĵģ˵һʦϢͻϵң⼸Ҹûյĵ绰
˻𳵣ߵſڣҾͷּžȻû漤֣Ϊʦأ˭֪һŽȥͿľ
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ԭʦȥ׷Щձˣ˭֪ȴСȦףһˣʦҲˡ
ҲɵİżϾе㲻ͷʦˣһʦˣôһأ
һأʵ
˭֪ҵĻ֮󣬾ȴص̾һ˵һǼϸ˵ʦ
Ļҳһ벻ȻмϸҪ֪֯˶ˣͲںǮ֮ôܻᱻ˸ˣ
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ʦأʦʲôطҸϽʵ
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Ļҳһ˵ʦôܵɽȥˣ
ȻˣǲûߣһֻЩձˣھɽ£յϢ
˵һ٣˵Щձ˱·һȥ½һȥɽڵүү½ܸϻҪȥأȥǣ֣ص˵


259 
ĻҲûʹӦ˵ġʦˣҲܲȥһشʯͷŵ˵ͷǼһûа취Ҳֻиš
ʱ˵ҵȻûкãûа취һȥһ֯˶ȥ½ֲЩձ˺ҪСġ
ҵ˵ͷڼǹʦİΣҲûϢ򵥵ʰһ£ͳˡ
˵ʦɽصˣص۾ຣֶء˵ĵ۲޵ĵۡǰϵۣ˵ǵɽ֮УΪҡ
治ɵİڣ֪ʦȥǵطҲˡ
˻𳵣ǸͲ֪Ҫôȥصֻۣ˸򵼣ǵصԼǲˣƤڣֽ༪
Ҷ˵һԼҪȥصۣ˭֪ȴǵɴ۾񿴹һң˵ǵطξ㣬ܵʲô򵼣
ЦЦͬʵƻ۶ģӦȻȥµۣɵľ׬·ѡ
ҲҪȥĵۣҪȥǰϵۡ༪˵
ҵĻסˡϾȻһĨ־֮ɫѹ˵ȥǵطʲôǵطֹģڸû˸ȥ
Ļǵǳһʵ벻ۻֹһ˵ֻ༪յ۸ǰѹ˵޵ĵۣ˵ԭַ޵ģʵǣϵۻҪɽȥʮء˵úҸɾˣʮҲûһˣⶼ˵˱ӦԺû˸ҽȥ
ҳһʵ벻طȻôһţʦйҲõģи˵ǣ༪֪ǵ۵λõġ
ǹȥǮҪȥֻҪǴǰСǼһ༪˵
Ļ༪һ£Ƥ鴤һ£ЩȻ󿪿ʵܳ٣
һǸʵˣҪǻɱ˹ͻʨӴ󿪿ڣȴܳ١
һָͷ˵һֻҪҵǵطǮ
ҿ༪˸һ£ȻҶָֻͷ˵£ȸһ򣬵طٸһ롣
ʱ༪˸˼£֪Ѿˣڱͳһֽҵϣ˵Ƕ𣡡
һǮ༪̾һ̧ͷ˵ҿԴȥǵطǰ͸үүȥһΣǸԶָҿģҲұ֤νȥܲҵ˵ãҲǮҲ˸ˡ
ҹһЦ˵УֻҪ㾡ҲǮҲġ
༪˵ѿ캩ЦȻСĵİǮŵ˻档
Һʯͷڱס£Ӹ༪ȥ׼ɽõĶȻͲº䣬һЩƷʳˮǱҪġ
ȵ˵ڶһ磬༪ˣһƥأ༪˵ɽѩƥ߲Եֻա
Ǹ͵ص۽£ǽ޵ģȥֺ룬ˡ
༪ȴǴƹۣɽȥɽȫǺĻѩһǳһŵģΪĳûԶҾʹ죬ţ
ʱȥѾȫǰİѩκζó׼õīһһѩߣҪǲ۾׵ѩä֢
һСʱһͷһŲ߳ȥأ༪˵ģϵֶʮأҪߵõϻҪѩйҹ
̫ͣͣѾƫˣϾҪɽǰ治ԶȴǳһƬ֡
ƬֶǸߴҶľ˰ѩҲǺĻѩҪˣǱҪҵŵĵطǰָպúʡ
һֻӺϵС׺ֻǰַĽֻֻӵıϣСڵ
ֻϵĻѩ̫ǺһȥûˣҲᣬľǰ˹ȥѩһѩǵǹЦ
ֻСܵУһôͣҡϵĻѩȻȥһͲӰ
ֻӺͱһ𣬱˶ҪҲǻܶˣϽߵУӺÿ濳뼸Ƚϴִ֦ϵĻѩɨȻֿһЩ֦
ЩľҶľ֬㣬Ժ׵ţһǾһů͵Ļѡ
ģƵطҲҰҰģŪҰζʿڵϣıóʳݸǡ
ط̫䣬ЩʳĸʯͷһӲͽֻȷŵѱ俾š
֨֨
˭֪ʱԶȴͻȻǰëСӵĽм仹ֻĺУԵúǻңʲô顣
ǶһϽڵվʯͷǰ˰֣˵ȹȥ
ֻ˵꣬ĺڵѩһһľܽӵӰ
˰죬СѾֹͣ˽ʯͷȴûд֣溰ʲô
طˣǰ洫ʯͷĺǵλô׵ľ롣
Ƕվұϣķ˹ȥ氵ֵʲôط
ߵ棬ֻʯͷվһôԱߣǰһССĿյأʱǿյΧ沼˺ۣЩ˺ԶǱģеֱӾͰƤˣط϶һս
ҿЩ˿ڻȽʣⳡսȥûжãǰĿյ΢΢¡һѩѣȥȻǸ˵״


260 ʦ
ʱǸεѩѾʯͷǿһ㣬¶һɫĲϣȥ·һǡ
ڱȡԼĳǹǹԷֳڣǿԲ𿪵ģƽʱͷֿڱϣͲע⡣
ֻѳǹϣǹ嵽ѩϣһѩ֮µʬ屻һӾ͸
ĳǹȻȥͭ⣬֪ԲͭɵģΪͭûԣ֮ԶԭǹкܴķȣӦһĽġ
ֻѪ£ѩϳһɫװˣ˿ȥʮңһǹѩϡ
˵üëͷ涼Ѿطһڵʱ䣬ĲһۣǱһл˺¡
ǽ࿴ˣŵһƨɾ˵ϣʱҲϽǰȥ鿴Ǹˡ
ȡֵͲյ˵ϣһ˵òǶ̲סĵһ
ֻݵƤͷݣͬһֻãƤɫ΢΢Щ࣬һ˫۾ţͬȥĽһ㡣
һ˵ò¾Ϳ˵ձʦаȳݺܶ࣬Ƥࡣ
ĻҲ֪ƤɫΪаűɵ֮󶳳ɵģΪ֤Ļʯͷ˵һ
Ƕ֪Щձʦ϶һ᪴״壬Լǲձʦ֤ݾ塣
ֻʯͷһᣬȻ˵óһɫ壬Ǽİ᪴ߵģձҲǼһдĶǰʹߡ
ȷ˵ݣҵЩֻʦһڸЩձʦɽѲʦʦɱģ
ҸϽΧĻѩɨһ㣬һֳǳձµѪ֮⣬Ҳûķ֡
ʱȴһΧΧתһȦͣЩ´򶷺ۼľϸĲ鿴ţȻ󿪿˵Ǳ˸һܵ˱˵ļл󾭹һսߵģЩʦӦϡ
ң鿴ֳӦñȽϿţһҲҸӵģʦΧߣҲ֪ûˡ
ϸļһֳûзʲôõĶطǰӦøո¹һѩЩ˵㼣Ҳû°㣬Ǹûа취׷
һֻֻص˻ԣ༪ʦʬŵòᣬȻǲɵͨǵĸղŵı־֪ǲͨˡ
ֻСʵֵܣֻǸʲôûеǲẦҰɣ
ұòЦϽ˵ģǾԲǻˡ
Ȼô˵༪ţǵ۾ɻη塣
̾һ֪ôοǼһȴǴ˹һƨ༪ĸǰһ
Ǽ˶Ǿ죬㿴ղǸ˰ɣǼһձˣɽбأЩһҪ͵ץǵģúñ֣ȥԺҲǹ
Ǽһﴵţ˺һףһĸ༪˵ţôζ
Ǹʵͽ񣬸ûʲô棬һӾͱӸסˣȻôǶǾ죬滹߰˷֣ĵ˵ͷ
ϣǹʦİΣɫôÿʯͷҵӣҵļ򣬰οûµģʦǿµġ
һƽʱ˵˵οˣӲһ򼱣֪İοҵģ滹ǸоЩůůģ˵лл
ʯͷڸǰȱ˺ܶ࣬ǰһҪǲ֤ƨţһǷǮƵá
ڵʯͷ˵䣬һԼһѾʼùĺͰοˣøжĵطſҲһֱˣʱʱĻ¶һȿ޻ѿЦݡ
ҸоʯͷҼϵֺůǵһǰѪҺ⣬ԻǱģھȻһˣа뵽ӦѪĻĸı䣬ָıͦãٲĳʯͷ
ȵڶһ磬༪Ĵ¼ǰߣȵʱ֣༪Щָǰ棬ǺûУǰиɽϵ۾ɽ棡
˳ָȥֻǰѩɽȻһɽֳ룬ɽλþǴŻء
ϾҪҵˣϾҪʦˣҵ̲סЩɵǰӿ˽Ų
ǵߵɽȥʱ򣬴һȴɵˣֻɽİһֱǰȻɽתһ䣬ʱɽ˰ɫĻѩȻʲôûС
ЩԾʵ⵽ô£أ
Ǽһ˵Ǿ죬༪ǽʱСģҵĻ֮ЩŵĻشطʱСλʵڼǲֻ֪һɽ棬ҾɽǰӦþܿˡ
༪ĻȻںżҲûκΰ취ֻð˵ģɽǰߡ
ֻûжãһֱǰʯͷȴͻȻֻͣʯͷڱĺڵҲڱȡԼĳǹɿװ˶ŵǰѩأһء
ô£ǿǵӶһ֪϶ʲôǼһ￪ʵ
ǰѩжʯͷûлͷĶǰѩ˵


261 ʽ
ǰѩ֮ǿûʲô쳣֮ѩ֪ʯͷ˵ĸ֪Ҫǿࡣ˵⣬ѩ϶⡣
֨֨أ
ʱֻӼϵСӺֻҲǰ֮оȻĴһ˿Ŀ־塣
һûзӦͼѩصĵͻȻȻһɫӰڻѩд˳һѩǾ˹
ǺɫӰӷһӰ˹´һһеĳǹӭȥǹǹֱӾʹ˵塣
ǳ֮ǣǹ˵ϣȻһͬ
һﶼһ£˵ѵſײɣ
ֻµǹˡܴǹɻΣȻ͵ǰ˳ȥҲֱѩ˳ȥԶĵطվš
˵˫ϥûڻѩ֮УǣʱҲſ壬ֻϴŵǸǰֵʦһĺɫװֻ˲֪ѩ˶ˣϵ·涼ѾˣմŰɫĻѩ
治ɵİ֡ϵ·ò񡣶Եѩ˲̵ʱ䣬ôֿסطģ
ˡֵʱһǹ˸˵ȴͻȻ˵
ʱҲ˵ȥһȴǲɵĵһ
ֻ˵òȥǸʮҵˣֻɫ΢΢ЩףҳԾǡ˵ҾȻһ˿Ļ˻һɭϢ֣ȻǸˣ
ﵽʲô⣡Ҳǰ쳣ԾĴš
ձƳʽ񡣡ʱ¿˵
ǸоǹϢҲ˾ȻһѾȥˣ֪ձʦԼʽһĶöƣڶ֮ǰͨǷӡȻͨѪԼֻһЩиʦʬʽ񣬴˵ձһʦʮͽʬ˰˸ʽ񣬺ųʮ񽫡
û뵽ԼȻۿһձʦʽ񣬶ٻЩԾҾ̧ͷȥ
ʽڴ˴ЩʦҲǲԶһ뵽Щʦҵֱͻͻ
ֵǣܶããİѩͿӰҵ֣˵ЩձѲǲʲôǿĵط
ֻֻʽĶǣûзκζúϳɭɭһеѹָС
ҷʽԭȥǲһ˫۾ʱȻʼı÷죬ȻͬȼյĻһ㡣
ͷͻͻֱ֪ҪʼˣʯͷǵǰһصĽ䱸š
ͻȻʽ񷢳һͬҰһĺУȻӣַֻڵϣ͵ڵһţºʯͷ˾˹
ֻ˷һ𣬵ǹʽӾʹ˹ȥ˭֪ӾȻڿһתºʯͷĹȻҾ˹
û뵽ⶫȻᶮս֪ۿҪ˵ҵĸǰҸֵ
ʱʯͷһתͷҪңѾˣʽѾҪ˵ҵĸǰųɭɭȥ
ŵôһһѾͳľǻûȥʽƾѾҵļϡ
оϴϢͷһ˵군ˡ
ȥүģʽƴҼϵһ˲䣬Ǽһ﷢һŭ𣬽Ųһ죬ͼʽǱһɾ޴ײһ㣬ббķ˳ȥڵһҵ·һ顣
ʱҲſǼһǰѴ󿳵վҵĸǰղڽͷһҷʽ񣬽Ҹ
ҸмһۣʯͷʱҲ嵽Ҹǰһۣеʵû£
ҡҡͷԼ޴󰭣ʯͷһȻʽķȥֻʽֱҵ˻ѩ棬طĻѩܺʽһҽȥȻֻһӣӰ
ֵһᣬѩ֮ɾĵģûа㶯
ģүһ˰ɣӿûжȷ˵
Ļȴҡҡͷ˵ᣬղҴһǹʽаƣӲĸһǹ룬һ¸˲
µĻи֣˵ǶȻû£ôѲɱˣͷڹꣿ
ȥʯͷ´˸˵ֻµ˵ͷСĵǰȥ
˭֪Ǹո߳һֱӱֻɫСȴͻȻ֨֨Ľָߵѩϡ
һ֪ԾϽתͷָĵطȥֻѩĻѩ΢΢¡𣬾ʲôٵƶһ
ʽ񣡡´һӸ߸ߵԾȻеĳǹ¡ѩʹ˽ȥ
طĻѩ֪жֻµĳǹһӾʹ̽ȥ֮Ȼѩ֮´һ죬ǿƶʽƺˣͣ
ңִʽһƵĺȻµѩͱ˿ʽѩи߸ߵԾ
ʱеĳǹʽһۿǶҪ˵ԼͷֻһһڵأһŸ߸ߵ̧һп߶ʽ°ֱͣӸ߷Զ


262 
µĻѩ֪ж񣬸ͲȻʽ߷ɡµȴǱʽ˹ʱľ޴ֱӸҽ˻ѩ棬ݵ
ʱʽѩŴ˻һĿͬһ㣬Ǿ˹
Σʯͷͳ˹ȥѩиʽһֻѩ̫һŲȥݵϥǣʯͷٶܵ˺ܴƣеĺڵûпʽ񡣷ƵЩǱ
ҺӸϽѩ¸˳һһеĳǹҲսţּսҺӸûʸ룬¾ȥҲΪԼ˵ĸվһԣŵĶⳡս
ֻһ룬ʯͷѹ˲١µĳǹͬһͣĴʽӣڶֱǶϵ·̵ǧٿףҲû˵ֺ
ʽӵǹ룬Ͳܹͨ˵˵ġ
ֻʱʯͷĶ˵סҿ
ʯͷĺڵ࣬쳣ԲͨıУ֪Ҫһ῿ʽԼĺڵܲܿöǹ
µ˵ͷ֪ʯͷ˼һ˳ǹĸӵܲ͸磬ǹ⻮һԲȦֻʽ񶼸˽ȥǹⲻͣĴӣڶĶ
ʱʯͷһʽ񿿽ʽֻһҵʱԼ·ſһӣʯͷһ̧ڵʽͿ˹ȥ
µĳǹȻ˲ʽ񣬲̵ϻǽĲֱͣУԵ÷ŭ쳣ʯͷһǿ׼ʽܳǹļ϶ͷͿȥ
ۿһҪʽԴϣ룬˭֪ʽȻǷӦȴĳ棬ҪͷӾȻӲԱ˹ȥ
ʱʯͷĺڵҲѾֻ۵һ죬һûпʽԴϣֱӰ۸
ʽʯͷһۣһͬ޺һ˻Ȼź߸ߵԾ𣬵صʱͨһֱҵѩ棬ѩҳһӣӰ
벻䲻ĹȻûнʽɱһﶼһǰһóǹʽڵϵۣѩӶ˹ȥǳһ֮⣬澲ĵģҲûа
ʽ񲻼Ӱһν˭ҶĶǰѩ֮£ǶһͻȻð
쿴㵽ʲôطȥˡתͷϵС˵
˭֪С˼۵ϣȻҡҡͷ֨֨Ľƺûʲô֡
ʽʯͷһֱۣǲûһѪҺⶫ˳ֻûѪģҲ֪Щձ˵Ƴֹ
ȥкʯͷһСĵʽʧĵطȥ
Сѽʯͷʽǹ룬ֲڵ£رʯͷİΣ
ֻʯͷҵ˵ͷ˾ѾվѩԱߣԼĳǹ嵽棬Ľһ£ȴһ㶯ҲûС
ⶫӦˡ˵
һһ༪һֱĸҵ棬ʱͨһƨɾѩϣղŷһѾͱ˵ˡ
ʽѩ治ǸܰҳԴһҲûͣɽȵϷǰȥֻ˭ҲȷʽûиǣߵʮֵСģһֱϵСӣע۲졣
ͷһֱһʣطǲûзЩձʦΪʲôʽ⵽ôһ£ʽǱԼ˿ƵģѲɻߴ·ֿɣ
Ұе˵˳ֻͷ˼һ£Ȼ˵ʽ¾Ǹȥʦʽ񡣡
Ȼһ٣˵ȻҲ֪ʦʽһаѪҲ˵һֻʽһֻһˣ˸ûа취ƣʦ˸ɱˣʽҲͲκ˵ƶϣӦµʽ񣬲֪ôܵطˡ
µĻҳһ벻汻˸ɱʦǸɫȻܹһƵʽ񣬿Щձ˼Ÿ·ֻʽֻããѩɽ
ģ⻹᲻׷Щµʵ
֪ҾСһ㡣ɫص˵ǵɽһֱǰСʱûתɽ֮ʱ̫ѾҪɽˣȻ겻ú䣬ҲѾ۵Ļ·ʪ͸ˡ
༪ǸͨˣѾŲסˣҪʯͷһֻƸ߲ôԶ
ҿʱ䣬Ѿǰˣûа취ǰˣҪͣϢطȥȫããѩأҸ¶ӪĵطУҪ˯ѩϣǻܶס༪ᱻȥ
Ϣһ£Ե㶫ǰߡʯͷһǰɽȣ˵
ȻۣǴ֪طͣóƾ¯ץ˼ѩˮŽȥ󿪣ȻʳҲ˺һ˹һﶼһ㣬ůůӡ
ϢĲˣٴǰȥһĸСʱȵתɽͷǺȻǰɽ֮һƬɫӰӣñȽԶټϣ߲ãԿòĿԿһƬ
һ鶼ĪļҸǸ˵ҪУ⣬Ӧþϵصۣʦ档


263 ѩ
þǰȥǽľǴأѩҪôԶǷǳġһˣÿǰһ͸Ǧһ༪Ͷסˣʯͷ
˭֪ǰȥʱӱֻСӺͱͻȻȥһ˿Ŀֻš
ãǵĽ֪СӲָͣǵ󣬴һϽתͷźȥ
ֻǵıһǴʱѩϵĻѩȴǹһѩһĸǵ
Ǹʽˣ´һ
һֱڷôҲûжһﶼΪأ˭֪ھȻֳ
ֻ´һӳʽķ߸ߵеǹ⳯¡ѩʹȥ
һѩһ㶯Ҳûдһǹûһǹһʽ񣬶ʱѩȴҲû˰㶯ֻʽȫʧӰ
֪ûԶǶǽѩصĸڵȴʱǷ
ʱվɽµıϣ¾İ׸ߵɽȣʯͷһʧȥֻʽټ˻Ǹ
һﶼŵҲҴĶŵ¡ֻ֪ʽֻʲôطð
ǶŵĶǰѩ֮еʱӱϵֻСͻȻ֨֨ĽǸϽȥֻСӲûǰָָͷֱֱ£ľţֻһš
һСӵı飬Ҿ֪Ҫ¡һҪܣ˭֪һûüνţ;ԼѩеűһֻƸѵץסˡ
ֻʮֵץҵĽžקȥͨһ͹ѩϡ
ҸϽеľͱȥǻѩ̫ľʹ̲ʽ
ʱʯͷһץסҵļţ´һһеĳǹҪȥ
˭֪û´̾ͣһ𾪵ǰѩأǼһҲ𾪣˵ģҪˡ
ո˵꣬Ҿ´ǰһһҾ֪²ãڵѩҪˣ
һֱ˳ɽߣλþ±ߣЩѩͦʵ׵ķѩǸʽܵѩ꣬ڰѩˡ
Ǽһһ໰Ļû˵꣬һƵµĻѩɽȾ͵ȥҲѩˤȥ
һֱ䣬лѩͣҵϣȻһֱӾҽ˱ѩ棬һ²֪ҽȥжҸоԼΧȫѩ
ҺطǻѩҪڱĵطôߵľˤܹѪҲᱻֱӸˤһ̲ࡣ
ˤҵԴһԺϵĻѩıĸо˹
ҸоЩƣȫѩҲ֪жֻƴ̧ȥѩץסҽŲӵʽҲ֪ˤʲôطĻܹ˵ȳȥ˵
ѩסȻȱɳסҪõĶ࣬ǺĻѩ洫ѹҾкܴѹ
ֻһͣٶѩһһȥ
ҸϽ˹һһţֱָֻͷ챻ɱҲžͷһᣬѾ¶ͷ
Ҹ¶ͷʯͷͳ˹һѰҸ˵ѩţʽ֪ʲôط
أû£һѩһʯͷʵ
ֻʯͷָָһ߶˵
˳ָȥֻҺʯͷ֮˶ɽվţֻ༪ڵϣǸղŵʱˤˡ
ҸϽʯͷڻѩ˳ͷһֻѩһô࣬ڻѩĵѾ¶ɫʯڡ
ҲϽߵǸǰתͷʯͷʵֻʽأ
ʯͷҡҡͷ˵֪ûиһڻûټ
ԼʱڰֻʽץҵĽŲأжʱһ֪϶ǸһˣҪʯͷЩĻѩ洫ʽһУȻѩĽӸ߸ߵѩǿ˹
Ҳ٣ˣӸһ˵
ע⵽ʱʽһɫĶ˵ôǵҿеĶȴԭʽõĲǱģҵľ
ҵʱľˣû뵽ᱻⶫȥ
ʱʯͷ¶һۣһһҵʽͳ˹ȥ
ƱʯͷһֱֱۣˤĲᣬһεʽԵüΪŭ໽ŲȥܴԼϵµĳǹҵľûʯͷš
ƺҲ֪ʯͷкڵʽҵľԿӣʽȻЩ书ʽǽһֵģôᶫ󵶷ǼһҲʽ쳣Ծ˵
˵ʽĵôЩŤԭСձĶ󵶣ʱҲʦ˵Ļʦ˵ЩʦѡԼʽҲǾǧѡģ갲ʮ񽫻ŵʱոǿ֮ˡ
ʽȻǻһЩʱʶѡʽ˻ŵʱԽɵʽҲԽǿ󣬿ģֻʽŵʱ϶ǶģڻһЩʶ
Ȼŵʱʮڱ˸ʽû˵ָӣҪС࣬Ȼ˵㣬ǲûʯͷ
ʽкȻ뵽ⶫȻôҵķ䲻֪òá
뵽ڿڴͳŷֽߵսߣ˼ֻŷֽҵ۵һȼ
Ȼǰһֻֽʽͷ˹ȥ


264 ʦ
ֻŷֽɵĻһɵʽĸǰԭڵʽǱŵһֽһź˹ȥ
ֻŷֽڰȼճŻҳƮڵϣһֱ˵ʽͣʯͷֳǰȥһһҵʽйȥ
ͨղŵʵ飬֪ʽǺ·ֽģһڻͳŷֽʯͷ棬һһʽ񿿽
ֻʱһеĳǹǹһĻȣһӾͳʽϡһ֮Уʽĸҵѩ档
ʽѩߣ굽ѩ棬ǲעʱ򹥻ǣǿɾ鷳ˡ
ֻʯͷһһѶеĺڵԾʽ˹ȥʱʽѩꡣʯͷ˹ȥһѱסһȡ
ʽȱʯͷסһŭĺУѩľʯͷĺϾͲ˹ȥ
һΣŷֽҲ˹ȥʯͷԶʱǰƹֻһеĳǹǹֱӾʽ
ֻʽֱǹ͵һеľ־ͷ˳ȥˤѩ档
ʱﻹҳɣһŷֽ߸ߵԾʽĸǰһӾͷϣ
ֽһʽԴϣ͵һȻ󷢳һҵĺУֻʣһֳֻҵؿھ˹
Ҹоһɾ޴ؿڣҸֱҵźͷһˤѩ档
Ȼؿ۵ϻѩ̧ͷȥֻʽڷţŷֽԴϣʱʽԴϾȻͣķ˻˻졣һɫϲͣð⻭濴ȥޱȵĹ졣
ֻ˻˻ԽԽ죬ûãʽðֺɫȫѾŵһŨŨĶ
ʱʽҲκֹûãɫɢֻʽڵϣӱýڣͬչһ㣬ȥЩˡ
ˣʱСĵĴ˹еĿͱͱʽӣոһʽӣһֻԭŵʽȻһӾͿɢصĲ֫ǰǼһһ
ʽӶɢ˼ˣ˵϶ʲôвˣһﶼһѩϳĴڣȻǰɽȥ
ֻһƬںĽããѩ֮ϣӦþصۣ
һ򵥵ʰһ£ǸСӰҰ˦ȥľ˻ҸмСԴСӶһЦӱı棬ֻһ
ȥһջƾǰСӺֻ˳СһﶼΪͨԣеʱ˶ҪֻӳԹԺȱǰ֫ƺĳҪˣɱһĹҪõĶࡣ
ɽȣһǳһŵǰȥǵۿȥԶɽСʱߵ˸ǰ
ֻǰһƵĵۣռӦʮĶֻĽ඼ѾƲԶԶȥͬһɭĹһ㡣
ҷ۵ǰ棬۴Լаʮ׵ĵطһССé¶ѩأéݺСҲߣټϷ˻ѩ߽˺ѷ֡
Щ֣˵۵ôһ䷿ӣⷿӲײģʲôͷ
СĵǰȥߵС֮ǰŷⷿӶľ彨ɵģǸоֵǣⷿΧĻѩȻеڻļ
ΣһﶼһΧѩڻļǾͱⷿ¶ȹߣôܿˣ
뵽һϽź˼СĵĽ䱸ţǼһɤӣſûأֻǷӵľŸ֨һ˿
һеĵƹð˳ȻһĺӰҲ˳
ǸӰһˣֻ˵ȴʮֵİС䣬СһǶһ
ǵǿ˵֪ԲСӣΪ˵ϳ˻Ұ׵ĺӣЩӳĶѾ˵ϣҴ˽ڣȥľûõëһ
һ˵ģСˣǰ˼ֱеСһģһ
ֻϴźĴֲ··Ҳ֪ûϴˣմۣͷϴһñӣɨһϵ·ȴ·ʽһһ㡣
ֻһţ͵۾ǣһ仰Ҳû˵ȻɢϢҿԶ϶һˣڱĶţǻЩ䡣
·˵أðǰԭ¡ʱǰһǸİС˹˹ֹ˵˵ȻСǴĺϾѾܹ϶˵䶼Ҫ½ǰӦòд
˭֪µĻ֮һվſڣû˵Ҳûжǡ
ʱͻȻŵƮһɵҩζҩζİСľ洫ģ
ŵҩ㣬һѲˣǿı鲢˵ӣ뵽ͷͻͻֱǵϢ˵ʦˣصˣѲľ滹ˣǸ˾ҵʦ
뵽̲סЩţǰһҲһȻʵǰǲһ˵ˡ
ȣȣ㵽׻ˣ
˵֮վſûа㷴ӦǴʱķȴǴһȻޱȣڶȴͬһ㣬ΪޱȵϤǴСҸʦ


265 éɽ
һʦҸ˵Ĳ溰ʦ𣡡
ҡû뵽㵽׻Ǿˡʦһ̾Ϣ
ŵ洫ǹҩʱҾѾЩɣֱʱٴʦҲ̲סˣȾŷ˹ȥ
˭֪ҸոһǸһֱſڸͷСȴ͵ǰһ췢һ
˵ĲԣҰһĺУʮִһӾͰҸסˡ
ٿڿвͣķصĺͷͺӶƮһֻŭʨһ㡣ΣյϢ
Ȼ˽쵽󣬾ȻڱϰγһխĳǰѵĵҲǺɫģǼխһѽȴǵ״ŵ㺮âһȥͼΪķ
ұ˸ŵͣס˽Ųʱ˶ŵվҵĽ䱸֪⵽ʲô
ū£ǽʱִʦźǶſڵ˵ġ
ֻʦĻ֮ǳ䱸һۣȴǰǰϸĵ嵽˱һվſڵѩϣÿһ·
ʱǲŷ֣˵ĽϾȻûдЬӡǳһ˫ţ˫ų˺ɫϼ롣
ÿСĵŷ˽ȥЩֵһˣ˲֪ʲôͷȥӦúһֱû˵һеҰһ㣬ѲǸưͣ氵뵽
ʦղŽūѲ֣˵϶أڵ˼ȫʦϣֻǿһۣ߽˷䡣
ⷿСһŴҲûбֻһԸɲݣʱʦڴϡ
ǰȻµĺۼ滹һԸɲݣѹĺۼӦǸʦū˯ĵط
ֻʦڴϣ̧ͷңɫʮֵĲ԰ףԵر˲ҩζ
ʦӣҲ̲סˣһӾ˵ǰץסʦ֣еʵʦôˣ
˵ʦˣҲͣʦɨɨȥȴûзаĺۼǿʦ˵Ĳᣬѵˣ
ֻʦһЦֳĸһҵͷ˵һˣ㲻õģֻڸһЩ˶ѣͺˡ
Ȼʦ˵ɣǿ˵ĺأܷĵ£ʵôһ£
ʦûлشңʵ㶼֪ˣ
֪ʦʵҹʦݵ飬˵ͷʦ̾һ˵ģôᣡ
ʱһﶼ˽ºϵʦǰһʦһнеʦ
ֱҲ֪ʦĵŽ٣ôһֱ֪ʦ϶ţһֱ֪ĵš
ʦĶµ˵ͷҿʦɫȻ˲ᣬӦòΣգǰѴߺԼ鶼һ顣
ҾȻƶģҲмɺϣʯͷ棬һɺϡ
ʦʲôˣ˵֮ʦֵʵ
⣬ӦþǸһĹˡʦüͷһ£Ȼ˵
Ҵһ벻Ǹߵģʦǵ·ˣͽܣȻ
ҵӡУϹһֻۣȳһȵģǸߵ˿֫ȫ⵽ô£
ƺҵʣʦһЦȻ˵ҪװȳףҲ㲻򵥣ǰװ˽ʮ꣬ҾȻûп
ʦô˵лȻˣĹҲΪǿŮʯǱʦָȥˣҲʦ֣ǾһֱʦߣӦʦ˺֮ʦɡ
һνȥĹӦҪȷһǿŮʯûбʦߣû뵽ȴʦһԶ档
ʱеƺѾ⿪ˣΪʲô֪жһ㻹ûܹ֪ھԱߣǸ֯϶űĿġ
ʲô˰˵ģʦһʵ
éɽӡҵĻ֮ʦ˵һš
ôʦ壡û뵽һʦĻȴͻȻ˵
Ҳ֪˭³Ծӣ֪˿϶򵥣ʦʵ˭
û뵽ʦȴǿЦһ£˵˲ˣʦҵͬʦܡ
ʦĻȫסˣ֪ʦǵˣֻ뵽ȻéɽҴˣǸ֯ͽȻʦܣҵʦ壡éɽԹžǵʥأйܶõˣͨϤĻéɽĵҲéɽʿץ
ʦéɽȻҸеԾѽǣΪʲôϵ˻ͽһʦˡ
Ҫ֪ʦˣԽǮûʲôټǸص֯ǵκҪ󣬸Ͳܱ⵽ôһ£
ѧɵ֮ɽʮŻعһɽʱʦһͽܣҲϣȻʦֵܣɢûôعɽԸҲû̫Ľ
ʦ˵һ٣Ȼ˵ʦ֮ҾҲûлعéɽ֪ʦҲֻ֯û뵽ȴһа·
ʦ˵ǳ̾һüͷ岻֪ʲô
ʱжʮ֪ǵ׸ʲôҿʦ˻䣬Сѵʦ׸ʲô


266 ʿ
ǶԾǸʦˣ֯ͽȻҵʦ壬ʱ˶ʦҪ˵ʲô
ֻʦһ£Ȼ˵һֱéɽôҲû棬ʦֵ˱Ƚ֣Ϊ˾ʦ֣ȥϵ·ȥһéɽҲһȥ˭֪Ȼ͸Щձ˻һ𡣡
ʦ˵ǳ̾ϢһҲʵΪʲôѽʦΪʲôЩձһ𣿡
ҿЩձ˸Ͳʦˡ϶бԭ
ȻҵĻ֮ʦ˵ǣ浽éɽܣéɽӹŵ񣬿Էֳɣһéһé
˸Ӻ棬û뵽éɽĵɣéɽܡС©ʦ˵ÿһ֡
éͳĵǺéͷȴǸ󡣡
ʦĻһﶼ֣˵Լû˵ʲôéʦô˵éͷȰéͷأ
éɽǰкܶ˻һЩЩéɽΪéЩݴΪݣԲ˺ڰ֮ϰé뿪éɽ¹ơͷһа
һﶼɵĵһ벻Ǵ˵а¹ƽͷȻéɽ֮ϴģϢ㹻˸еԾ
ЩǰȻ뿪éɽеķȴһֱںɽе
ʦ˵̾һȻ˵ϸʦֺܽҲ֪Ȼ͵͵ϰ˺éѾ˺þá
éɽɽµĺéıԴЩΪ˶ʱͱʮֵǿ󣬵ϰЩȴǶŲɱķɣéѾܵ˷ɣÿʹ絶֮ԸЩձ˹һΪЩձʦа취ܹкéķɡ
ʦ˵꣬һﶼĬ벻ʦȻЩձˣϰé֪ˣÿ϶Ҫܾеʹ࣬ʦ˵ʹͬҲѹᱻЩձá
ûа취ܹ𣿡ʦʵ
ʦΪܲסéķɲżձˣôʹ಻Ϳ
˭֪ҵĻ֮ʦҡҡͷ˵кéʱѾ̫ˣһԼƶҩãԼĹЩձҲֻܰѹʹѣҪûʹֻ࣬ɢһĹ˵ǾԲܵġ
ʦĻһﶼĬʦΪȥ͵͵кéһп˵ԼȡܵЩձ棬ȴһ鷳
ұ֮ûܣһֱǣֻʵڳŲסˣӦѰǿŮʯ
ʦĻһͷɵİżʦЩձѾȥ˺üˣ˵ҪҵǿŮʯˣҪ취ֹǲС
ΪʲôֻǼģʦʱʵ
һ£˵û뵽Щձ˻ֳ·˶½ϲҲ
ʦ̾һ˵ʦһĸūɱһ滹ڼϣǲǵĶֵģˣô죿
ҲҪЩձ˸¡³ĬƬ̣Ȼն˵
ʦЦһ£˰֣û˵ʲôı֪Щˣûƴ
·һʽŪæˣ˵滹ټϣôܻǶ֡
һѾվڽǸʦūˣ˵˸ͷߣ벻Ȼôܹɱһʦһ˳
ʦʱץҵ֣ͻȻһ£һЩֵҡ
Ҳ֪ﲻԾͷˮʦֻʦһֻҲ˳ֻץҵֻ䣬ʵô£ôǿϢ
ʦĻҾˣһ֪ڵϢˣȻ춼ͺн̸ķŽϢѹڣʦȴץҵ֣ƾĵȻܹ֪Ϣ
ҸϽĽʦһ飬˵꣬ʦ̧ͷңȻһӺʯͷ𾪣һſ˵Ȼ꣡Ȼ꣡û뵽˾Ȼ˴ĻԵ
ʦ˵ͣ۾ĶˣȻ˵ǼȻ꣬ϣ
ʦĻ֪ʦ˵ϣֹܹЩձˣЩʵʲôϣʦƺΪĿģһЦ˵֪ЩΪʲôҪܽѩɽ潨һ𣿡
ҡҡͷֻʦ˵ˮѧϽɽйһص۵֮ԽطΪ˵¶֮أ¶۵ĵ£
ʦĻһﶼһ벻ص۾Ȼͷ
и˿˴˵صԲطһֻۣǺȴһЩ仯úúõһ۱һѷ档
ʲôʣֵʦʵ
ֻʦ˵֮һаɣʿЩаȡ˵Щһ㶼ϳţȡصո˵Ҳкֱܶȡ˵ĸ죬һҲᱻǸ
Щһֱڽ棬ǵ˺ȴһ˲ĹʿǵˣȻۣĵȫɱˣռصۡ


267 
벻꽨۵ĵ˾ȻᱻЩʿȫɱЩʿȻѾռ˵ۣôֻطһƬ档϶бܣ̧ͷʦ
ֻʦ˵Щʿռص֮޶ɽ²֪ץ˶ˣȫȦ棬Ϊ˾ǸȡԲŻ˺ĺɽջٵۡ
˵ʦһ٣ȻʵɽʲôһЩҵĸ֣Ҳ档
һʦ˵˵ĵĺջ˵ۿΪ˶ĿϾʿִСĿֻš
Щʿս죬ֱЩʿȫɱǸĹʿ챻ˣȴˣ˵̫أӦûˡ
ʦ˵ָһվűߵǸū˵ūǵ걻ȳġص۵СʿȴЩʿƣЩʿȻûľѪҲһģ
⣬ǶǸˣ벻ڵģǱЩʿģ˵ͷʮа˾ҲЩʿȥ
˵Щʿɱصȴ֪ʲôסˣЩʿ֪ʲôֽţ۱ԽԽɭҶҲԸ⣬ֻһѻ۸ˣұҪһɽģֻԸ⣬Ծһ
һǸū˵겻ɽԭʮа˾ΪԼģ˿϶ص۵ĸ鼫ôһֱҲԸ뿪
ʦ˵꣬вɵЩ֣˵ЩֹܲЩձʲôϵ
ʦƺǵɻ΢΢һЦ˵صȻЩʿڵҲû˰㶯ڲһˣΪǣܹ꣬ȥǴ
һﻹͷ֣˵ܹʲôãѲܴЩձ˲ɣ
˭֪ʦȴصһЦ˵Ȼ꣬ҲģͲܱǿƣ껽֮ҲܰŻڵꡣ
ҾýʦҪ˵Ļ϶صˣ黹أЩŵһĭ
ĻǣڵܹѣӦҲиЩʦƴһµʵʦ˵
ǲףԭʦѣȻڵ꣬Ȼͻᱻǿơ
Ҳʮֵļ˭֪ʯͷȴǰһʦ˹˵ǰȻ˵ڵҲģôôܻ
ʦͽһʯͷЦһ£˵ʲôҵֻ֮赹̸ǵķţϢͷųȻѡ
ʦĻʯͷ˵ͷû˵ʲôǼһȴļǰһ˵ǻʲôǸϽƵȥһˡ
ʦӵĻȴǰ˰֣˵ǵȻյòˣȴ򵥣ԹһϢһ£ūȥ
ʦĻһﶼûʲô˶ڵʼ׼ȥǵһȦ
ʦܵ˺أͣĿԣҶȳѪˣҲɵʮֵģʦԵҩūѩɽģΪϡ٣ò
ҵĵʦ˵ʦôأҪȥѽ
ʦ˵ͷ˵Ҿͳȥ
ҵ˵ͷʦʵЩձȥ
λòǸ˵ӢҲ֪λãһ·ȥġ
ҵ˵ͷ֪ǵȥͷˣҪȻããѩɽҪҵЩձ˿ɲһ׵顣
˵ô࣬ʦԵúƣһȻѾ۾˯˹ȥһֱʦĴߣĵ
ʱһߵҸǰŤͷһʯͷֻҵļ˵õģʦʱûʲô⡣
ҵ˵ͷ̲סĵģΪʦղſȵѪȻĴһ㵭ɫ˾綾ĽʦϽ֣ȻûˣڸһֶΡ
һֱʦҲ֪˶ãȻԺľ˯˹ȥ
ڶһ磬ǱǼһѵģһֻһﶼѾ˯ˣҾԼſʲô棬ģЩůо
һ£ֻԱŵʯͷһҹҾȻſһĴ˯ãֲøоô
Բ𣬲˼˯̫ˡЩ̣Ͻʯͷ͵
˭֪ǼһҵĻ֮󵭵һЦ˵û¡
ҷĻȣûվҸӾò˼ʯͷһȻҲˣڴѹһҹˣѾվˡ
ҶǸЦЦ˵һҲ˼Ҫǻ˱˹ͰҸˣһһҹ
ǺϵʦֲͣĿҸϽҩιȥ
ʦҩʯͷҲָڵֻ·ЩһȳһգȥЩЦ
ʦ˵첻ˣǸϿȥūǡ
ҵ˵ͷһһ£ҺʯͷаһҪȥģūǴ·ҲҪȥط֪ȫȫʦˣҺܲģ༪ǸͨˣԴһº༪տʦҷĲ١
߳ţǰѾճƱڲԫص˹ȥ


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268 ͨ
ⷿŵ۵ĴŴаٶ׵ľ룬ӦǵūʦߺԼģļҡѾȫһƬ棬ǻչĺۼȻ󱻰ɫĻѩǣֻЩûеĲлϱ˵⵱˴ĻԻ͡
ߵӦǵ۴ŵĵط˽ȥūŽŲѩ棬ȻһҲ䣬طôѾϰ˰ɡ
Ҳ٣طС꽨ʱ϶˲Ҳ֪ûʲô϶¡Ӳ´һۡ˵
һﵽҲ׬ǮûİһۣȻһԣ裬Ҳ֪ǼһôˣͼϣҲûʱüȥǸС
һ߽۵ĴţȻꡣɾЩ䡣䲻䣬һ߽۾͸оһɭɭϢ
ģЩŤѽƺҲо쳣ץץͷƤ˵
һֱūǰʯͷҲͣüͷ´˼ۣūǰ濴ͻȻͣƺЩǻ˻֡
ӣǸϽӿ˽Ųں棬˭֪ûءʯͷȴͻȻͣҸô£ֻһĺڵһԼղվĵطȥ
Ķһ֪϶ʲôȫͣע
ֻʯͷһѩ֮󣬽͵һֻϵĻѩķ׷䣬ȻһںԲԲĶ͹ѩй˳һֱǼһĽ²ͣ
ֻǼһǸɫĶһ£ȻǱβ͵èһֱѩдһҲ٣ź˼
ʵǼһôķӦҿǶ̲֮סĵһ
ֻǺںĶȻһ˵ԴԵıչˣϵȱȫҲ֪˶ˣط캮ضԲûиãȥҲӵĺˣûֻǹͷ˸оһ㡣
үˣǼһ㿪֮󳤳Ĵһظ˵
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һǿ壬˷ܵ־ץסǷ˰쾢ȴһҲǼһоûӣһ໰׼ټӰ
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ķӦϿӦþǵ걻ɱĹʿģӲѽ˳ֶѾͱεĴ󿳵˳ڵϽǸɫ
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ʱѾҸŵΧצľ˹Ѿûк·ܹˣۿǵҵԴԽԽа뵽Ҫ군ˡ
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ЩƽҪץҵͷҲĿʱͻȻһɫĵֻǸҸһ۵ĶԴֱͷϾͷԱһᣬͨһ͵˵ϡ
һûлعֻɫĵǰҪ쵽ǰֱֱӱ⵶նˣžһҵǰ
ʱŻعתͷһֻʯͷ֪ʱѾվҵĸǰ΢΢һЦ
ҿͷǺˮɫ΢΢ЩףһֻЩԭΧĶѾԴڵϡ
ʱʯͷ֡һѽҸҿʯͷϵ·ƿڣȻǱЩץģЩо綾ʯͷ֪ûˣ治ɵЩġ
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СһһۣҲûа취СӺͱƺ֪Ҫȥ̶ˮһη塣
ˣʱǼһһĴԴ˵
һ촽׵ʵ̫һͷǾ͵һξӨĿˮҸеһģϽһԶһ㡣
ֻıһڡһͳϴӦװʳõġ
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276 
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ʱֻҲ˹ͣӵӽŵϣСû£һһ

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Ļһﶼ˵ͷ˼ȻĿܾ֮ܵеķ档
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ʰãƬ־˽ȥζʯͷܹŵõǰ档
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277 
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ѽЩ˹Ǽһ﷢һ󺰣ͷܡ
ʱҲӦ˹Ťͷɭֵ˹ȥõȣЩȴгģټϵȫǸõ֦ҶٶȲ졣
һͷһֻһֻѾɵҵıſֻצҵļץ˹
ֻɢĺâĽצŵͷ͵ǰһˣһӾ͵˵ϡ
Ȼĺܿ죬߼ȻⶫץһӣҼϵ·ֱӳһ飬ȻҵƤѪܵɱⶫаĽצץۣ۵Ҳɵĵһ
ſڵϣǰȥֻʱӵһֻѾɵǼһͷſצӾҪץͷƤˡ
Ҽſ죬ҪһǼһ˭֪ûüͼı棬һɫӰӡ
ǵɫӰӵٶȷǳ죬һӾӵı˳ֱĺϡ
ӰӲǱģһֱӱֻëСӡ
ֻֻСһĺϣŵþһȶͷ˳ȥʱСվĺϣֻצץĲӣһӢµʿһ㣬һͱֻܾʧ
ʱĨһͷϵ亹СӺʧĵط촽˶һ䣺ɣ
ʱҵһ֮ŤͷȥֻʯͷūѾ㿪Ĺʯͷ˳ֿһֻ
ʯͷһֻڵϲͣ
еɹ֮Ҳ˶ǲûд⣬Ϊ֪ЩûԶǶĳ֦Ҷĺڶǣʱ׼һζǷ
ֻڵϲͣʯͷеĺڵһתֱӾͽǶԴ
߹ȥһֻĸèͷӥ࣬ͷҲ£ǳèһǲҰ׵һ
Ǿ۵һ´ţǼһûֻڵϼһִֻ֦ӱı̽ͷСʧĵطͣķصĽƺܹԼСİΣ
ô죿ʯͷʵ
ֻʯͷüͷ˵վһߣȫһЩ
Ļһﶼ˵ͷһ֦֮⣬ÿжмһվһȻЩȥ磬࣬Ҳ˲ǡһСĵŲŽŲһһǰȥһҲûУĵѹֵоЩѡ
˲ԶǰִǹĽŴҶĻ̧ͷһֻһֻǰǾͳ˹
Ҳ٣ˣǼһһ񣬲ɵĴһһе֦׼Ǽһһӡ
ȴǷһ쳣Ϊı󿴵һ׺ĶֻСӡ
ҸϽһסӵֱֻֻۣ粢û³ǹͷתһȦ֮źˡ
һ߷ɣһ߲ͣĲҽУҿϵֻСһץĲӣһȭͣԴһȭһȭš
ĿɿڴһһʧĵطǼһĴָȻһ£˵үĳȻԣֻ̽Դصĵš


278 Χ
ʧеСӣɵİΪЩģҲ֪СܲܶԸֻ
СĵǰȥʱͻȻִһĽֻһεԵҪЩеĴܶ࣬Ȼ洫˳ȶ
ЩʱϢģʱȴ˳ȶܴ󣬷˵ȶǰҶ졣
һһ;Щͷһ̣һ޴ĺӰƿǰ֦Ǿ˹
ֻĶǱģһֱֻֻȴҪǸղżҪĶ࣬ųſסӴĸһͷСţһ
Ҳ٣Ĵ𣡡һشŵǼһʹסˣ۾ǰ棬Ĳ˼顣
ҲⶫһӦӲ࣬һʱҲ˶ܡ
ſ£ʱԱߵʯͷһ󺰡
Ǽһһʯͷͻعˣԥ˫ֱԴͨһſ˵ϣūҲſˡֻԥһ£һʱûзӦ
ۿǾ޴Ѿ嵽ҵǰʯͷһԾһӾ˵ϣֱӾѹ˵ϡ
ֻ޴ͷХȶĳϵĿ֦Ҷǹһɴһ
ĸͷ̫󣬲ľïܵĵطУ˹ȥ֮󣬳ȶϾͷ˹ȥͷͣ
޴ɵϣҲɵһ˵ⶫôôһҪ⣬ֻ·һ
ã˭֪ҸոһſϵʯͷȴǴһһӾ˳ŰҲ
վӣǰһֻʱǰ棬һȺ˹
ЩȸղŶ࣬жʮֻѹѹľǶ
ΣҺϵĺë亹˲·ʪˣû뵽ЩȻô࣬ͷϻֻģοҪпͷˣ
㵽ȥЩ糯ǷʯͷһҾһô˹ȥ棬ʱӺūҲ㵽ԱߵĴ档
ֻȺϢǲĴӹзֹĽмֻ·һצǶصĴƤץ顣
Ȼд赲Щûܹ˵ǣǸɲֻЩȥ֮ڰתһȦͷˡ
ǸϽת棬Щ˼Σд赲ÿζ޹
ʱͷֻ޴񷢳һУֻ֮ЩԭͣǷһӾɢ˿ȶȫվΧĴϣĶǡ
ô죿ЩΧסҲɵһĭתͷʯͷʵ
ʯͷû˵ɫҡҡͷӣ治ɵİп࣬˵˦Щ񣬿ûôˡ
ڱŴڸܵУЩҲûжǷվ֦ϣǸΧסţֻҪһ뿪ĴЩ϶һʱ
ȻҺʯͷ϶ѪܵЩצӺץǵƤ˭Ҳұ֤ܲܶסʮֻΧ
ģЩ⿴ѽнǸ֦һ߽ŵĶܵ磬һǺ
ʲô취𣿡ʵ
ֻҡҡͷ˵ʲô취
Ȼһһĭϵķһᣬɱȥ˵˸Щëƴˣ
ҾҪȰֻӦþ׶Ըˡʱʯͷȴ̧ͷһֱͷֻ;޴˵
ֻӦȺ죬ЩĶָӣȸŪʣµЩҲͲΪǡ
һֱͷľ޴磬һĭǶɣҲûǹһҪôɵĴһŪֱǸɵ
ʯͷ̧ͷֻͣ磬üͷ΢΢ţҲ֪Щʲôʱֻſڷһ
ĽǰԽ䱸֪ⶫʮа˾ڸЩ񴫴Լ
ȻЩһֱվ֦ϣǵͶϷǾ˹
Ҳ٣ˣЩɹǼһһŴһе֦һ˳ǰһֻԴϣֱӾͽֻ˵ϡȻһֻи˹һææҡ
ʱҺʯͷҲŴеų񹥻ţЩķӦʮֵ֪ܵһ֮ͷߣڿһֽŹ
ĸ˱ŴЩŪæңҲҿǴЩûа취ںǷڸܵУһʱǻܳŵȥ
Щǹ˶ʮӣ۵ĻǺ·ʪ͸ˣЩץ˼צӣϵ·ãҪʯͷʱʱҵ£һڻҪҡ
˺ҲЩԼҲˣʱͣЩһߣҾҲ̲סˣͨһƨ˵ϡ
ͣĻӶľҵֱ۵ķ·ʧȥ֪첲ڲͣĶš
Ӻҵ࣬һﱻץҲؤʯͷūֱǿö࣬ȥǱ֪Щٷι˭Ҳס


279 
Ҳ֪ЩʲôʱٷһڵϣץʱϢĻָȥǰ취ƺûб·ѡ
һιЩʬڵϣǼһһֻ֮⣬ʣµĶʯͷūġ
Щжʮֻֻûʲô壬ֻʱʯͷ̧ͷһֱͷľ޴磬˵ҪɱѽҪȻŲȥ
Ҳһֻ磬˵ôҪɱ̸ףڶ档û취Ҫڿĵط˭ҲסⶫĹ
ʱַֻһһҺڵ֪ЩĵڶϾҪʼˡ
ҸովЩվϵѾĵֿһսִʮӡ
ʯͷȻǵʱҲԵҾ͸ƣоֱ۶ѾҪ̧ˡ
ʱһֻҾ˹ֻĽצץҵţʱѾԾˣʯͷҲתͷҪٵңѾˣΪѾ嵽Ҹǰ
ѪܹȻôҵץƣǿǷĽצͷ͸оЩ㶣İ۾
飡
ұ۾צץϵʱ˭֪ǰȴǴһ죬ʲôײһ顣з紵ҵϡ
͵ֻۣһɫӰղֻ˹Ѿ˵ϣҪȶһη
ڵҪᣬһͿĲ棬Դֱӿ
ʱҲŤͷȥ뿴ղžҵĵʲôҿ֮ȴǳһ
ֻֻɫСӴʱֻ棬һֻצץסĲӣһֻצͣĻţһ޵ʿһ
Ҿˣղſ϶СӾҡҲ֪ʲôµֻһֻײˡ
ֻСµ磬Ӿͳ˹ȥʱպӵĸǰһֻ磬ֻСԼֱֻӾײȥ
ֻһ죬ֻʵʵײһ𣬶˵ϣСֻײ֮ǰѾԾĴϡ
ֻڵҪӹֽһֱִֻ֦ҵԽѡ
һЩ¼ʬ壬»صϣѾ۵òˣڵʯͷȻڻվţҷȻֶ΢΢ĲţĸЩսǿʯͷҲס
氵п࣬˵ȥѽҲǸ
ģүû㣡ڵϣһԵСӹЦ˵ؿ佱СӵõӵĿ佱ҲԵʮָˣ֨֨ͣĽţҫԼսһ㡣
˵СӻͦȻﵽĲϣһܹǼһ
ʱʯͷȴһǸ֨֨ŵСӣȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬͵̧ͷֻڲͣľ޴ȥ
ʯͷһֻȻֻСֺ
ʯͷĽֻСһһ£ʯͷһƽ߲һƨ˶н˵ֻСˡ
һʯͷԼСԵʮֵĳԾצץץͷƤһ˫ʯͷ֪ļһԼ
ʯͷֻС֣СȻЩ֣֪ʯͷẦһӾ˹
һҰǸȥòáʯͷָָͷ񣬶С˵
С̧ͷ֮дһ˿Ŀ־壬ƺе㺦ֻ޴磬Ƭ֮Сӷ·˾һ㣬ĵ˵ͷ
СӴӦʯͷ˵֣һԴ
ʱҲ֪ԭʯͷԼȻСıȥ
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ҰľݸСӣʵ᲻ã
ֻСһֻץŽǰ濳£ȻģһߵӿԺ˵ĹЦСӺԣһϣͷ
СӶһЦˣȻľȥ
ʱʯͷת˵ûһȥȥ͸һ𡣡
ҵ˵ͷʯͷ˵ҪСġ
ͷϵֻ̫ʯͷȥҺΣա
ֻʯͷҵ˵ͷҼһģ˵ġ
ȻϵСӱȻһƣǰ˳ȥ
ҸϽֵǶصǿŴ棬ֻʱʯͷѾߵԱ΢ĵط̧ͷͷֻ޴ĺһɤӡŮͶ͡ʯͷ·һĺ񷢳һŭУֻӿٵȻʯͷֱ˶£һֻҵļһ㡣
ʯͷվԭһҲǣڿиԼԽԽ֪צӿҪץͷʱʯͷ͵ضӣԱ߾͹˿ȥ
ֻצʯͷӣһץ˵ϣץһŸҶȻȶַ
ʱһɫĹԱߵպĺϡ
׵ھͶСӡ
ֻºһ䵽ĺϣֻצסľĽֱӾͲĲ档
һӣûзɸߵľ޴ڰ͵һȻ󷢳һĲҽУһᣬԱߵĴײȥ


280 ɭ
ֻ޴Сһ˲棬޴ڰжһ£ȻԱߵһŴȥ
ֻһ졣ֻײϣײҶԭ֦ŵòͣľУȶų
ײϵһ˲䣬СӵһԾıҵľʱǴĲӺ档
ֻǴųͣĴŤŤַǰѽͲԴ棬ֱĩ̫أԸͿƲס򡣾޴ӲͣĴһײһ档
Ƕ£֦Ҷͬһ㻩ֱ䣬ЩСθŵòͣķɳӡڰвͣ
ֻײŴ֮ڳŲסˣͨһҵ˵ϣֻȻȶȴһҲɲˡ
͸һͷСţ࣬ϵҲ͸ԵøӵĿֲ
ŲҰ׵ƣǶ񶾵һԺĲҵľѪͣ˿ⶫǡ
СĵߵĸǰֻѾһϢˣڻȶų򣬻Ҫһηǵһ˫۾˶񶾣һЩë
ʱЩСһͷͣһĽûһֻƺһЩѾ˷ִˡ
ʱūֻ˹ȥǰ棬ǰѳһӾͿĲ档ֱӽԴ
ֻĲһѪˮԴڵϹĹ£͵һ󶶶Ҳû˶
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Ҳ٣үˣΪЩءһѶԼеĹӣͨһ˵ϡ
߹ȥⳤ̫ˣҶûһȤֻҪԼľѡ
ҰѽĲ˳ʱһﶼڵϢֻܹʰˣȫСӵĹͣǼһ˵Լıͳһţ⣬Сӡ
ֻС˵֨֨˺ţ⣬ֻһڳֻһþˣϵǺܺãʲôóԵĶ֪

Ҹո£ǰȴǴһ˻Ц
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˵·ǸûһǸҶĵϣȻһûд
ֻ֮󣬻ͷһۣҲɵĵһϳ˭Ǹһʱ򿴵Ĺʿ
ֻǹʿͷһ֮һͬһһǰͳ˹ȥֻգ۵ĹѾʧ棬Ӱ
ʿȻǽƬ֣ڿ϶һֱ͵͵Ĺ۲ǡ
뵽Щ֣˵˽ЩΪʲôֻǣѲЩĲɣ
ģ˲˹ĶϽ׷úõʰһ١ǹʿʧĵطͷʯͷ˵
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ʯͷ˵꣬ҵ˵ͷղ˿϶һֱڼǣ˵ʯͷӦܹĵԭһֹŹֵķڸԼϵζ
ڵϢƬ̣Щʧȥͷ죬ҲûлǸоЩУһ򵥵ʰһװǸʿʧĵط˹ȥ
ûжԶǰͻȻ˱仯
߹ֶдУ˴Ǿʹ￪ʼȻ֣ǰȴһÿõĿҲһɫϢ
ֵȫһģطûκεеֻζ
ͣƬϢֱϣǰȥֻһ·𹬵һĽĳƬֵ棬ѾԶ
⣬ʲôطǰ̧֣ͷһ¶ͷϵĺˮ˵
ֻСӺͱڶı棬ͷҲ
ʵһ߽طҾоһɼΪѹ֣ĸоϢ
ϢѹֵŤͷߵʯͷֻɫҲ΢΢ף޽һ亹ҲܹоطϢ
ǻҪҪȥѽӿû˻شĻֲ̧һ¶ͷЩԶеķ·𹬵һĽͬһֻ޴Ĺһ㣬оĵȥͶ
ȻˣȥɣǹʿӦþ档ʯͷĬƬ̣תͷ˵
Ļҵ˵ͷӺūҲûбһǰ˹ȥǵĽһȽƬ֣¶ѻĿҶ߷ط鶼ˣҶڵϣֵǣЩҶûиãǱļΪĸˮֱȥһ
ʱǰʯͷúڵߵһôһֻ֮ϴ˵һ죬汻һȱڡ
ҴһǸȱڣҲ֪˶ˣһˮֶˣֻһȦһȦ֣ʾŴꡣ


281 ҴĹʿ
̧ͷ´һۣͻȻЩͷƬôΪʲôֻطľôˣڵˮҲһʧ׸ãľϿһ㸯õļ󣬾ЩͻȻ֮ȫˮһôܣ
Ȼò˼飬ľȴȫģԲΪģӦһȻһһ氲οԼ
û೤ʱ䡣ǰѾûľһƬյأǶƬյϡ
̧ͷһۣ⽨ĳֹһ㡣޵Ļֺֻ˻ҳһưģ
⽨ǰżʯ̳ɵĽݣϽǰһȱɺɫĺľš
ľڽıţϵĻҳȴ٣ͭɵ״Ż棬ǿһĻҳȻž˸򿪡
ſڵʯҲ˽ӡ˾ֻЩӡȥң˽ӣһŵӦòᳬ
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ȻŵϷܵȻ˶ʲôƣһɭɭͷ
ֻǸͷһһСⶫƴɵģһȥһ˵ͷһ㣬Եʮֵĺˡ
ͷı־ȻˣطûдĻӦЩʿռص֮޽ģֻЩһɽķĻĸһӳʲôѲ滹ʲôɸ˵ܣ
СĵߵſڣߵĽˣǿµӡЩӡµʱֳжΣǴСȴһģһһġ
ӦǸʿġʯͷӡ˵ͷ˵
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ǣϵǣű򿪣ںķȴκεĶ
ʱѾˣ̫ϾҪɽˣȻʯͷƿľţĿռǳֵͲȻҲֻ֧õ
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ȻǼһΣϴ̫ԶĲʿǵǰҲԵÿֲ
Ҳ٣Ǽһһʿŵòɵĵһź˼
ֻǹʿվڰ׹ǱǰһɫĹӣǹͬһֻȴһͷӣǸõֻ۾Ҳ֪ʲôʯǶģȻе־ĺɫâ·գһ
ʿҵһտʼŵҪڷûôˣײײӣһеľʵǵصߵǸʿ벻󣬾Ȼ˭֪ҵĻ֮ǹʿȴһ㷴ӦҲûУһĶеľȻͻȻʵѽ˭ģ
˵Щƣɫ˵ҲǺע⣬˵ʲô
һ£ΪҷȻ˵һҲûж֪Ӧһִһعʿһֻ۾ע֮¾ûЩ䣬еľԼ˴һͦ˵ʦҵģ
˭֪ҵĻ֮ǹʿȴֳĬˣһҿʣµֻйâǹâǳ޵Ĺâ
ֻǹʿһᣬȻͻȻЦЦƺΪĸˣֻЦͶûжһ£ټ˻ĿֲףҾЩ¡
ȻٵͽܣȻٵͽܣʿָңͣķ
һ£ˣʿǱʦ˽ʦõľľһһľѾ³ҵݡ
⼸ʮÿ춼ҪȥǸţϵȥû뵽ȻˣһЦ
ʿĻвɵİеùʦذںòˣ˿һܽҸˡ


282 ֽ
ȻЩ£ͷʦ°ܽǰ˼Ҷ˷ӣǿ򶨵ĿһһһۣȻ˵ʦ˵ˣһܽѩɽ棬Ѿܻųôţ
ֻǹʿҵĻ֮ͷǷһĵĹЦ
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ʱūѾ㵽ʯͷҿӶڷȻһʿūеӰҲŨڵûеʿ档
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ٺ٣ֻʿĶ淢ƻЦ
Ȼֽ˵ΪЩ˶Ϊ棬ʵǼٵģ档
ʿ˵šаɫȨ˶ٵ棬ԵЩ⡣
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283 
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䡣Ҿ֪ЩԾϽ̧ͷȥֻǹʿ˫Ǹȣ淢һֵȥһһ㡣
ֻĲͣǹͷñʯǶ۾ʱ쳣·һӻ˹ڶǲͣգ۾һ
ȻͷͻȻðһ˿˿ɫЩԽԽŨȻûһõģ
ֻЩɵĺɫͷƯǹʿǰʮûһ涼ɭɭĹҸоԼĺë
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ӵ۾ǰһᣬȻ󷢳һ̾Ϣҵļһģ˵ܸӶǸʿ꺦ģһȥǹʿʮа˾ǻˣҲǱ˳ˣҲֵˡӵĻҵ˵ͷ˵Щֻһ뵽ūôˣЩеϧ
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ʮֵľ޴ҶܸоԼµĵ𶯣Ļҳĵһʱ䣬ֻһ뷨ǹУ


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Һӵ˵ͷȻղŵص´ĽܾǹʿǸһҪɱˣūˣǴõĻᡣ
˳ѪȥֻЩѪ˴һͻȻʧˡ
ѪͻȻǰʧǸо֣ΪѪʧ̫ͻȻǹʿߵ֮ͻȻ˼һһ̫ϳ
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ľͨ򿪵ģΪǹʿûһҲܰط˿ط϶ʲôԴ򿪵Ļء
ҵɨһȦԱһ֧ŷӵӣӵ·¶һɫʯͷǿʯͷԵʮֵԲڣһǱ˾γɵġ
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ذͻȻȥǼһ벻ҲһͷȥҺʯͷʱ֣һץסļ򣬽
Ҳ٣ʿСүѽ´ܲ鷳ǰкѽҲ̫ͻȻˣ˵ƤˤȥҲû£ܲѽǼһﱻʯͷ֮ұԹ
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СĵǰȥûãɽѾͷǰһ޴Ŀռ䡣
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ȥֻеѪǸȥ
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طôֱôˣӵɴ۾²鿴һ˿Ҳûз֡
Ȼ¶ȱ֮꣬ǲûжӰ졣
ǰ˲ԶǰʯͷͻȻָͣǰ˵쿴
˳ָȥֻǰѾߵ˾ͷһʯȴǳǰʱʯ˼Ѫӡ˸ƿһ϶аɫĺϢǵ϶ð
ǳһطȱĵطԴͷӦþʯŵĺ棬ǺʲôȻܹط˵ĺ䣬гʡ
ʯ֮ϵļѪӡǳʣӦþǸʿƿʯţ˽ȥ


285 
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ֻǰһˮ̶һ򳡲Сֻˮ̶Ѿ˺ıұ϶˿ֲͷγɵá
ЩһСɽһڽű̶ˮ棬׸ߣЩͷ棬ڷһڵĹײģ
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һֱӱĽ˵ϣȽֹͣʱֻǹѾڹײվ
ⶫļΪĸߴнңֱûһ˿Ƥ⣬ȫɭɭİ׹ǣټǰǰŵ߹ǻſֲҸо·߽˵һ
⻹ô򣡡Ǹź˼
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ܣҺӶʯͷҪ˵ôʱû뵽Ȼ˵ôһ֡
ҺĻһ£ȻӦ˹ⶫֵ̫ܹģʱܣʱ


286 ߹
תͷʱķҪܣ˭֪ǸոһǹϾͷһǵȻߴӾȻֱӾֻһһӾǵǰ棬סǵȥ·
ڵϣ𶯵ĵ淢һ죬ȻתͷĶǡ
û뵽ⶫٶȾȻô죬һӶɵˣ֪ѾܲˣֻӲƴˡ
үģǼһһӾͼˣūǰѳͳ˹ȥҺʯͷҧҧҲӵ
ֻǼһﻹûг嵽ǹĸǰͱͻȻȭͷҵؿ棬źͷ˳ȥҺʯͷҲǹһһߵ÷˳ȥ
ǵڽɱ̶ˮ棬ؿڱǹһŸߵۣǰĹɫѿĶҪˣ˵군ˣοǶҪˡ
Ǹ֪ⶫǻϽڿڴͳһѷֽЩֽʱȼȻһƬƬֽһһǹͷ˹ȥ
ۿҵķֽ˹ȥǹȴûжƾֽϣȻϢڵϣһûõĻҳ
ап࣬ⶫȻҵķֽȴ˲еԭΪⶫ̫ǿˡ
ٺ٣ҹʿһʦүǹʿഫ˼ʱ䣬֪˶ԩͼѹˣ֪ҵڰѹˣ
ʱ̨Ĺʿǵ˵˵֮зĴЦֻ̫أһЦͲͣĿԣ˲Ѫ
үʿ˵꣬Ҳ֪ǹʿһʱ䲻֪˵ЩʲôſһҲ໰
ǾЩʿһԩģѹ϶ޱȣȫͲǶ֡
ֻǹʿĻ֮ҵȴͻȻһΪղ˵Ǳŵ֮ϣȡ֮Żѹģô
²֪˶ıˮ̶һۣ˵ˮ̶ѲɾǴ˵е
뵽ҲҳɣĬĬĹԼڵζֻǰʦ˵ĵеġ
Ҹо˿˿ҵӿЩһʲôΪȤĶһ㣬µ̶ˮӿ˹ȥ
Щȥ˲֪жͨЩ꣬ĸо洫һ˿ΪϤĸоϢ
ʱϲ֪Ŀ϶Ǵ˵еǹϤϢڸڳȥϢ̽ӴţͨӴҷ֣ǵϢȻڣѾЩεĻԾ
֪϶ЩʿɹŪ֮ϣһԹѹסˣЩȡ
оĴڣ˵ʯͷӺ
Ϣ΢Լڵûа취Ҫ˺С
ҵĻʯͷ˵Ҳ˼˿˷ܣʱǰĹǷһǾͳ˹
һҵвɵİп࣬ʵ̫Ǹһ취ҲûУֻߣϢ棬һҲûа취ѡ
ǹԽԽֻڵ׼ܡ
˭֪ҸովʱȴͻȻоԼؿڴһĸоһȻǿ壬ͶĹ߹
߹ɵʬɵĻ֮󣬾һֱûа㶯ôʱȥˣҶҪˣû뵽ʱȴͻȻ˶
ҵؿڸоһ⣬ȻһɫӰӾҵؿƮ˳ǰɫӰĹ߹Ļǡ
ֻ߹֮г֮һҲûֱͣǹͳ˹ȥȻݺݵײһ
ֻһ죬ǹײ÷һź˺üĹҲƮǵǰ
һֻۣڵѾû˵ģüë΢΢ȻĴһ˿
֪ȡǸʬɵĻǵԭʬϵ
㻹ðɣȻҵĸоЩİһ߹ʵ
ֻתͷһۣѾ֣˵Ȼ
û£ȥסץʱ䡣߹һ£ȻѾվȵĹ˵
ո£ͼ廯һɫӰӣǹͳ˹ȥǹҲһŭĺУԳ˹
һ߹ûиѡӲӲһбԱƮ˹ȥ˫һ˦һ㣬һӾͲǹ档
ֻǹһͨһҵ˵ϡ
ǹڵַ֮۴֮ӣֻצһӾͽӸƬƬɫĹ㡣
֮Ҳվڵϣǰ߹ַһŭĺУʱʮɫĹıð˳һĹУ߹ͳ˹ȥ
һвɵİ߹еģֻʱ߹зһ⣬͵һӣӶʱͶ˿ϵӾȻһֻֻɫľ޴ĺɫ
һսĿɿڴһʱҲ˭ռϷ磬߹ʱ䣬ĿǰҪҪϿ콫ѡ
תͷӺʯͷ˵ͷȻһ׹˿˿Ϣǵð˳ɱ̶ˮȥһ洫˳


287 
С·ո˯һ֮Ҳ˶١ΪӡڶӦ
ǲͣ˶Լڵӿ룬һʼֻĻӦ˺ҸоƺҲڸǵŻȻ󽥽ģҸоɱ̶ˮڻ
̶ˮı֪ж񣬿ѣЩҲڲͣڻһʼֻһһģ˺棬ٶѾԽԽ졣
ʱǹ߹սѾԽԽңǹ·ʲô췢һУֻЩɫһӾͱ쳣߹ӻûɵĺ˲ײķ顣
ʱǹҲѾڵֳ˹
ʱ߹ַһŭ⡣˫һһӾͽٻĺɫȫ棬ȻӾƮɹǹͷȻһ䣬һӾͽĲӸˡ
ǰĹ߹Ӹӣͨһˤ˵ϡȻֽӸķ飬ֻһǹǶŭˣٹǣתĶ߹
ֻһŭĺУ֮϶ʱ˻һðһźɫĻ档
ûкɫģǴʱǹ˻һ粻ͣð˳
ȻһЩ֮ϲͣȼյĹһɫĻȦǰ߹ȥ
߹ûüܡһȦɫĻ䵽ϵʱѾȦм䡣
ֻһȦɫĻո䵽ϣʱʹܣһȦǽ߹ȫ档
źɫ治ͣĴ߹һҽУͷۣ֪ڿ϶ʮֵʹࡣ
߹ɵʬɵĻǣʬȻǸǰЩģʿ˼ʱ䣬ȻּŻѵģʬҪĶ࣬߹ͲĶ֡
ʱǾ̶ˮⶳٶѾԽԽ졣ڻ̶ˮ·޵ٵڻı㣬ǹҲǻһԵʮֵĻ졣
Ȼǹס߹ңͷʹȷʵͲܾΪϾҪѣܹһ
ֻǹһĶűɫΧס߹˫۾ɫԽԽŨйâı仯ǺɫĻҲԵҡ
ҽĶǰ棬г޾ķŭʱҸоµıѾֻʣ±һ㣬Ȼһ̣´һЩ֪˶õ̶ˮȫⶳˣһ̶ˮ֮д
Ȼ̶ˮⶳ˵ӲûˮУûһ㣬Ưˮ̶֮ϡ
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Ƕһ뵽ǵڣҸоԼڵǼһ㣬ĵζȻһҵײһ𣬻ںϡ
ײһһ˲䣬ҸоԼһӳǹǿҸ֪ȥйֻſ죬
Ӻʯͷ˵һģһʱ˶УǿдȴǵĽһϵ֮
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ҳ˹ǹƺԵЩֲֻֻʣ°׹ǵƵǰ棬ƺҪ赲һ㡣
ڸо޾ǿҸоԼǳ˴ҩѾ۵ĹţһҲûľֱӾײǹֻơ
ֻһ죬ǹֻʣ¹ǼܵƾȻôҸֱײˣǹзһҵĽź˹ȥ
ȼյĺɫ棬һ˽ȥֻ߹ſڵϣһҲͬһֻè
ӣۣ֪Ϊ˰ʱ䣬ŻᱻǹճҪȥ˭ֱ֪ȴֱӴӣ
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ڵ֮ոںϣÿǸով˵̵ĺˮһӿţֻ棬ǹӺʯͷֹ֮³Ծ˿ͷ
Ҳһǹͳ˹ȥڵӺʯͷ˵ļлæңûа취㿪ҵĹ
еľӶһӾͽⶫȸֻͨһ˶һӾ͹˵ϡ


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ڵϢոںһ𣬷·ԶҲòͣӿǿ쳣ڷйǹõɳ
һǹȸ˶վȣͨһ͹˵ϣǼһһŵŹ˹
ʱڵϵĹҲһУֻǰ淭߹ǷڵһȻһ˳ǹһϰ˳ųӺʯͷ˴˹ȥ
ȫû뵽ȻôһУǼһ﷢һ󺰡һӾڿ˸շ˹ȥ
ʯͷȴǾǰ棬׼߹Ƿɹλáдһ岻˷ڵ߹ǾͿ˹ȥ
ֻһ죬ʯͷĺڵͿǹɹ߹֮ϣȻǸ߹淢죬˲䲼˹ѵ·תۼͱһصм
߹Ƿɳȥһ˲䡣ǹתͷվǰңŭĴһѾûƵҾɨ˹
ǹٶ̫죬ֻ˫ֳסľסҹֱۡ
һ죬ȻҵסĹ̫һǱҵź˳ȥȻص˵ϡ
ڳˤϸûиоʹվǰһֻӺʯͷѾ˳ȥ
һɨǹȣʯͷǸ߸ߵԾǹۿ˹ȥ
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ǲǺţˣʱ˿Լ˫ֿ֣˿ҺʯͷЩȷʵ
ҸоԼڵѾǰһˣǰȻҲܹоĴڣֻǴڣ֮ҲûаϵҲȫûа취ڵꡣ
ڵĸоǰȫܹͬĸоԼڲͣζǹֻҪһͿԵ
ӦǺǰЩһˡԼֻ֣˵
ҵĻӸ˵Ĳһ˷ܣд˵Ҳ٣벻үⱲӻܱɾֱ֣̫ˣȥһҪռͽܣǸҶ˲赹ˮ
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ּһռ䣬ûзֱʲôǹ͹ʿѾǸɱˣڵҲѾѣһ˽ĿѾﵽˡ
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ߵ棬СӺֻڴǣǳ˵ĲͣĽš
ߵūʬԱߣ˱ϣǴ֣Ƭݵ֮ǰ
Ͱɡͣʵ
ҵ˵ͷطصڵأūǵص۵ĵӣҲһޡ
ڵһڳһӣūʬ棬ūǰѵʯͷĺڵ£ûˡ
ūķͷǰ˼ǽ̶ˮ˹ȥ
һΰСӺֻץԼı棬ȻСһŵ֨ҽУҪȥֻһ취ǵȵˮʱ˳µ̶ˮ棬ڳȥʱ˳ˮԱȽʱٶҪ˲١
һߵ棬Ӿ͸ϽңһСӺͱȻǺòͣĿԣûлȥ
ȪԶ±Ƚϸߣǰ·ŵʯ档
һȥããѩɽȻ꣬Ǵʪ·Ҳס·ŪɣƳȥһò˶þͻᱻ˸ɡ
̶ˮߣ·ɣҾƤеܣȻ֪˯˹ȥ
Ǳʯͷѵģһ۾ͿѾ·Ҳ֪˯˶ã·Ѿˡ
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289 
ĶڣСĵİǿ˻ȥطѩò˶ãھͻᱻĻѩǣ˭Ҳ뵽һһƬ̲ɽȡ
ǻصūļСӣūûиʦºܳԾҸϽĽ˵һ顣
˵꣬ʦ̾һ˵벻ǼȻǼٵģǸʿȻӲдôꡣ
ҿʦбеɫ֪ūҪο䡣˭֪ʦȴȿ˵ūӣǱǹʿģôɽ棬˲ˡģҲһֽѣǰɱǹʿҲǰˡ
ʦ˵־ҵĿҲɵİģΪҿʦɫһʼҪѿ࣬طȱҩڵ𽥼ء
ʦҪϿȥСڵ궼ѾˣЩձ˽ǾͿˡʦе˵
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ҵ˵ͷʦЩձ˽֣֪ǵ˵Ѿ˸ЩձһսǾӦòࡣ
Ǽһ£ʦ˵̫أܾҪϳȥУ༪ֻһͨʦȥǾԲĵģԴһҲһȥ
ȻµֺܺãᷨЩʦòԻʦȥȽϺá
ʦǸˬˣԺ±׼ɽ
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ѩˣȥ˰ѩǰѩ˶ҪˣһϿȣ˶Եʮֵ˷ܡ
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ǰ䣬Ƕ𺳵ĿɿڴǼһŴͣ˰ŷӦдеҲ٣Ѳйڶɽ٣
ɽµ㹻׳ۣԾԾҲûεķϣΪֻ仯ѣżϰˡ
ǼǰţԽƬϿȣΧ¶ҲԽȣµıѩı䱡ϿǳҲڳ˰Сʱ֮ɢ
ûжãѾϿȵڴͳָҪһ·λֻһóȴҳһ
ָָֻھǱĳصһ㣬ͣĺһζţͣ
ô˵ʿСүǼһ￴ɫ֣ʵ
û˵ǰеָ˹ȥʯͷӿָı仯ɫɵһ䡣
ʲôѲʲôЩֵצץͷ˵
Һ˵⣬˵һطĴ̫ˣָͻʧ飬ʮа˾طĴų˵㡣Ӷһٽ˵
ҵ˵ͷ˵϶طĳִԲŻӰ쵽еָ룬Ȼ͵ͨҵȴЩ̤ʵľúʲôҪһеָ룬ָ뻹ڲͣĶǿ־һ㡣нӡʱʯͷȴǶӣֵͲŵ˵
ǸϽҲֵϹȻŲҵĽӡЩӡϿȥ
µĽӡϿԿЩ߹ʱӦþڼ֮ڣû⣬ӦþЩձģѾϿ棬ǿŮʯ϶棡
СĵϿ˹ȥϿмʮµǺɫģϡϡŵͰ̲ݡ
ߣƺҲı÷ѾԿƬ̵ء
쿴ʱֵͲǰһݵضǺ
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Сĵ߽Ƕʬǣȥһͷ˶ģֻط֪жˡϵⶼѾãëƤҲã¶˶ĹǼܡ
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ͷĽͲǲǶʬǡȴľʲôطԾ
վǰǰʱѾȫһƬڣĵһ㶯ҲûС
ҵһƬƤطӪأطвٿľŪ˵֦һѡ
ҺʯͷѻʱǼһﱧһѸɲ˹ֻüͷţеĲŵϣ˵طĶ٣ܶʬǡ
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СĵߵЩʬԱߣϸļһ£ЩʬǸһʼܵʬǼһģһûһ㱻ҧĺۼЩ֮󣬶Ϣȥˡ
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ȻЩûףǼʲô˶ˣҲκ£ʲôҲһƴ֮
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ʯͷ˯ûʲôǼһ¾ףĺ«ɽвͣĻصš
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ԺڰܻĪ־壬ÿԺڰʱܻǰߺжڶԼ
Сʱҹ·ʱôһָоǾԼıʲôȻסǰܣԽͷĿ־ҲԽǿңǸоĶҲڸԼһ
֪Լڵ͸СʱҲ·࣬ŬԼҪҿ
ˢ
˭֪ǰ𷢴ʱҵĶĴһʲôҵԱ߿ٵӹӴġ
ͷһϽ̧ͷһֻۣһƬڰĵĿκζ
ҿЦһ£ҡҡͷ˵ԼҲ̫Сˣе紵ݶľҪǼһ֪϶ЦĶۡ
Ҽһɲ񣬷ŵ棬ʱ࣬۹ɨȴӵıҵڵϣֻСӺͱڱ̽ͷĶҵı
ǵ۾Ĵģд˿־壬ǿʲôΪֲĶһ


291 
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Ŭһĭ͵ػعͷȥ
ֻһëĴʱҵ
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ղǶٶ̫죬ҸովѾʧˣӺʯͷûп
ӵĻϸĻǶףȻ󣬵泤˻Ұ׵ëߵʱҿⶫֱ·ģҲźĻҰɫëϿһֻӣͷҪӴܶ࣬ⶫվʱ±һҪ߳һͷ
ûֻӡʯͷ˵
ˣطк𣿡һӣطš
ղǶͶҵ󡣶;޴󣬿ڵϼ˰죬Ȼ̧ͷһɻʵʿСүղŲ˯Ժ˰ɣ
ĻЩ֣ղһҲҿҲԲǻþһǿԿ϶ġ
ҡҡͷ˵ղһֱѡ
ֻǼһһ£Ұһ˵ǾˣôʲôûС
ĻҲһϽ׵ϸļһ£ֻûκεĺۼ
ôܣ
ղǶ߳һͷ˵ҲٽңǴʱĵȴûһӡ
Ѳɣ氵뵽ϷͷҸղſǶĺ沢ûг򣬶ߵʱȻٶȺܿ죬ڶģҲ˵·ģôûһĺۼ̧ͷЩһۣһﻹǻҸղһ˯ˣԺĻþ
ҸҪͼ䣬û뵽ʯͷȴͻȻ˵жŵµζ
ʯͷĻǼһɫҲվӣһ䱸ǰ档
ղſǶʱҵһҪ֪ڵѾˣΣյĸ֪ʮֵ񣬿ȴܹϢߵҵıһҲûо쵽
뵽ֳһ亹ղǶҷ֪ʲô
ϣûа취ȥѰǶĺۼôһڣһ˭Ҳ˯ˣɴΧŻһȦÿ˶ܹ˵ı󣬷ֹǹһϢ
ҿһӱСӺֻСһʵֻһһҲҶͷڱ棬Ҳ֪˯ûС
ӽϿȣСķӦЩΣյĸ֪ҪĶֻ࣬Сһһоǲ֪Σգֻϧǣǲ˵ûа취Լ֪ĸǡ
˾ڻһֱȵǸֵĶһֱûг֡
һǼ򵥵ĳ˵㶫˳Щձĺۼǰߡ
ֻ˲ԶǰֳһƬҰ޵ʬǶѣطʬҪȸղżĶ಻٣ֻ¹ʬ壬ֻ¹ȻǸոյûжãϵ˿ڻڲͣѪ
ǰʬǶѣжЩ˼飬ʵ벻ףЩΪʲҪѲɶҲɱôһ˵
ģүҺþûˣп¹ȳˡǼһʬǶֻˤûõ¹ͷ˵
Ȼһ˦ӣ˹ȥǰѳӶ¾Ϳ¹ȣൽ棬˹
ʱҲֻûûεļһﻹųԣֻ¶Եʯͷȴ͵̧ͷµϷһۣȻһãӾͳ˹ȥ
ҲϽ̧ͷһֻۣʱһںĶ
ǶԽԽȻһֻ;޴ĺܣʱӵͷȥ
Ȼ꣬ҲѪܵѾõǹ룬ͨĵ˵ǣͷֻܿ²ٽôߵĵطҪҵӵϣұ֤ǼһԶסʯͷĺһ£Ȼ̧ͷȥдһҲ٣
ǺѾҪ䵽ӵͷˣۿӾҪܸͷ£ʱʯͷҲѾ˹̧ţһصߵǷ͵Ķ棬Ǽһû˵໰ֱӸ߻˶ӣźͷ˳ȥ
ʱǺ䵽˵ϣһ죬ҵĵ涼Ŷһ¡
ֻܺ׳ֻôߵĵطֱӽϸҳһӣҽжûüѾˡ
ǰϵĹͷ۶ϣƤ⣬¶棬ɫĹͷ˿ѪȥĿġ
Ҳ٣ʲôӺߺڵղվ֮ĺܵɴ۾˵
һﲻͣŶӣȻղűʯͷһŸߵĲᡣ
֣ұվţʲôͬʱеԽԽŨطʲôֵܹЩԸɱ


292 ʧ
ȻûŪЩΪʲôԼ緹䣬¹⡣ֻơ
ǲ±ߣʲôٴҵǿɾͲˡ
ǰ˲ԶǰһƬɫĺĺһƬïܵɭ֣ں߰¹ϴɾ
ʯͷǲͣĲ鿴Щձµĺۼһᣬʯͷתͷ˵һ߸ˣ·ƸԵĲͬ
ĻҺӸеЩ֣ΪЩӡĽӡǸͿʲôһĵط
ֵʯͷָŵϵһӡ˵ǿӡȻȥļһµĺۼǳȴǻͬġ
ʯͷĻҺӻͷˮʯͷֱȻһ£ȻŶ˵ߣеǽŸأеǽżأŵʱǰءߺأصһġ
ʯͷĻҺӲȻ̧źŵǲһģʯͷʱָǸӡǰǳһģһҲ˵·̧źսŶһ·ʱǽֱģ
˼ǲߵģǽвмǲһ˵ĽŶôֻһܡӡ˲ˣ
ʽ񣡡ʱͻȻ˵
ҵ˵ͷ˵ʦʦһ˲һֻʽټϵˣպ߸˵Ľӡ
ʱӵտҲѾˣһ﴿ǸԻȻŵζϣ¹ȺƱζ磬ԵҶ˱á
ֻСӺͱȴԵԽĿ־壬ⶼҳԡһֱӵı治ҳ
ǲҲûа취ֻǸӵСģɽ浽˹죬һʲôֲ顣
궫ЩձĺۼߣֻЩձƬߵģֻ˲Զ֮ЩӡȻĪʧˡ
ЩձĽӡʧ˺ߣʧĺͻȻߵ֮Ȼʧһ
Ǹоֵ֡ϽΧһߣǰۼҲûҵ
Ҳ٣Щձ˲ͻȻ˰ɣͷճԾ˵
ôܣЩʦȻ˵㣬ҲڻƼЩһʧ϶ĳǲ֪ԭ
ǻ᲻ȥ˺棿ʯͷʱź棬Щɻ˵
ĻҺӶתͷǸƽķ·һ澵һĺ棬뵽Щձ˺棬ҪȻǰһûа취͡
󣬵Ǻˮ̣ȥӦúЩձ˺棬϶ʲôܣ˵ǿŮʯ棡
֪ʹǱˮ豸ˡǰĺˮ˵
ˮȥͦЩձûȥڻֻԼĲ²⣬һһʱ䶼Щԥ
ȥʯͷ˵
Ȼѱҷ·ѵֻʣһ̿㡣
ɽ˹죬ˮҲ֪ûΣգʯͷҪȥЩĵĶ˵Сһ㡣
ʯͷҵ˵ͷ˵ֻȥһȻǰѺڵͨһˮ档
Һվں߾ĵʯͷһȥȥˮûа㶯
Ȼ֪ʯͷǼһˮ¿Գźóʱ䣬ƽĺ棬滹̲סЩġ
ֹһֶӣҺ˵ȵĽʱ򣬺ˮ¶ʯͷԴ
ֻڵĺ˼Ȼ˹ϰ֮ҷʯͷɫЩ΢΢ףҲĲš
ɽȻҪůһ㣬¶ɺܵͣټϺˮҪ䣬ʯͷҲЩס
ҸϽ·ʯͷϣһʵʲô
ֻʯͷҡҡͷ˵ҸûףҲԽԽխһ©
ʯͷĻҺӶһ£ʲôŹֻ֣ʯͷҲǱȥҺӾ͸ˡ
ģô죬ûʲôǱˮĶοҪ׷Щձˡӵɴ۾˵
ʱʯͷѾ·ЩձںߵĽӡĬƬ̣Ȼ˵Կ϶Щձǵȥˡ
Ҳüͷ˵һ¿ô죬ûа취ЩձˣŮʯǾ͸ûϷˡ
Ŀǰֻеȣǳʯͷźƽ˵
ĻҺӶһ£תһ룬ҲĿǰΨһķЩձȥģôпҵŮʯ֮ǵпܵȵǡ
ֻ滹һڵĻǾȫû˰취һ˿ϣǻҪȥһ£Ҳûʲôİ취Ǿȵȼ쿴
һ죬ɽ涼ûʲô쳣ÿ춼ᵽ±תһȦˤĶʬ壬죬ҷһﶼˡ
ȻÿԣƬˮÿ˵жʼżЩձ˲ѲǻҪһӡ
ģУҾȳȥǱˮװӺݺݵҧһ˵
ĻʯͷĬһᣬȻ˵ͷȥǰ취ҪµȥҪǱˮ豸İĲУҲֻɽȥЩװֻһһҪ˷Ѻüʱ䡣
ϴһҹһϰҹҲ֪ʱȥ˶ãֱ̧һ£㣬ˣҿ˯㣬ԼҲԾڳһᡣ
˭֪ʱˮȴǴһľ޴


293 
ˮʮֵľ޴󣬵תͷȥʱֻƬԭĺˮһֻ޴Ĺ˷һ㡣ˮ治ͣķ˻Щ˻Ȼ׸ߡ
Ҳ٣ôˣôǣˮ洫Ӻʯͷ˶ˣǼһŲͣ˻ĺˮɴ۾лš
ʯͷĬǰһǰĺˮüͷţЩĵߵǰˮڷ˻ԽԽһֻ޴ĹޣڲͣĽˮһ㡣
Ҳ֪ԭƽĺˮΪʲôᷢ־޴ı仯ʱˮͣҵͷϣǲɵź˼ˮ
ҾЩ֣ȴԱߵӺҲ٣ˣ
Ļ̧ͷȥֻ֮дʱܲҲһǣͣ
Щ֣˵ˮı仯ѲܵӰ죬һ죬ˮͱӣ
ˮ̫ò˶ϵ·ͻᱻʪʱһϽԱߵͳ˹ȥľïܣӦܹ赲һΡ
˭֪ǸոûжãͻȻоǰһɫĴ۵ĹȻ¡¡һ޴
ǵɫĹʮֵĴִ󣬴ֱֱ֮ôǰӵǰһִ磡
һ޴󣬵ϵըĴɽŵһŨŨĽζϽɴ۾ǰȥΪǼһеġ
ֻǰĵֱӱ⵽һֱԼҵĴӣʱվڿӱߣϲǺɫ̳ͷϵͷֻСӺͱı治ͣصĽš
ҸһΪһﱻ׸ء꣬ܵѪǱôִҲûкá
ôһӴĺ
ҵĻո£ͼǼһӶһ£Ȼתͷǣſ˵赽ʲô
ǼһϴʱҲҳټϱˮһܣԵòҲ̶áҺʯͷһһӦûʲô⡣
ʱɫĹâͷһʱ佫ɽҫͬһ㣬̧ͷȥֻͷʱͣһͬɫ磬¡¡
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үģǼһʱһ˹
˭֪ܲҪһܶɫ·ܹ֪Ķһһһɫӵͷȥ
ܣҿǵɫҲвɵİп࣬һͬʱһᣬڵϣµµľԱ߹ȥ
ʱʯͷûкˣӭӳ˹ȥһžߵһĶ棬ֱ߷˳ȥ
ʱǵɫҲ䵽˵ϣȻһξ룬ǵûҵҵϣɱըǣͷϵͷоһĶ
ȥһӣ̧ͷȥֻӺʯͷ˴ʱſڵϣһҲҶ
û£ʯͷǺ
ϵʯͷŲӣҿһۣȻ˵û£ҪҶ׺׷ġ
Ĩһϵ治ɵİп࣬˵Ҳ̫аˣѲײɢȥǾſڵϲ
ֿ۳ͣ޵һ£ſǻǺҲүѽˡ
ں޲óȥţ˵һǸɥǣҸղŲ׸ˣһǴִɫ磬͸оһĺ¡
ſڵһҲҶʱͷɫ׹⻹ڲͣԽԽ󣬲һѾꡣ
ˮڵλɽеһأˮϣźע롣
ɽϱˮȫʪˣſڵϣҲˮţضЩʱĺˮڲͣķˣһ˸߹һˣԵüΪ׳ۡ
һſڵϣִȻǰǸûзֻʵʵĵ׵ɢȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãҾϵˮļˣ̧ͷһȻܲͷѾ˿־ɫ磬ĺˮҲƽ
ǲҶſڵϾĵһᣬֱͷȫɢȥ¶ǹ⡣
ʱһϽڵҶûЩӺʯͷҲҺòȥ˵ɫЩס
ʱŪѸɲȡ𣬿Ǹո¹ô꣬ȥҸɲ
ʱתͷԱߵ֣֪һǴ㵽ȥûбܵĲ
ǿ쿴˭֪ʱʯͷȴͻȻָǰĺˮǴ˵
Һ˶һΪˮʲôܳأϽͷȥ
ֻոƽĺˮµı仯ǺˮȻת
ϵģټǺˮոעˮԵûǲǺѿϵı仯꣬ƯŲٵĿ֦ҶʱЩ֦Ҷڲͣζ
ֻЩ֦ҶںˮĴ֮£˳ʱķڲͣƮһʼٶȺܻǹûãˮתٶԽԽ죬󣬺ˮмȻԵĿһ޴С
ֻмںˮתѹĿص죬Щ֦Ҷȫ޴棬ҲӰ


294 
źмǸ޴Уж쳣ʱĺ¾һֻ޴ĹһֻŴͣͣĽˮ̵ԼĿС
ô£ҳԾźˮо̾
ʯͷüͷǸ޴У˰֮󣬲ŻĿ˵һЩձ˾ȥ档
ʯͷĻҺһ˵ʲôЦôУ˱ȥͻβˣ˵Ǻ滹һʲôء
ǻɵĿ⣬ʯͷĬƬ̣˵Ǳˮȥʱ򡣷խһ©һܿһͨĵطͨ
ҵ˵ͷʯͷ˵ҲûеȥʵˣûǱˮװԲܾðȻȥ
ҿʯͷǼһ۾ð⣬֪һп϶ȥϽһסֱۣ˵磬ȥ̫Σˡ
ʯͷһۣȻЦЦ˵֪Σգ뿴浽ʲô
һ˵ѽˣҾڸϽҵɲ·Ҫġ
ϴקİʯͷ˺ߣߵ棬ͷȥѰҸɲ
Ȼµܴ󣬲ľïʢвٸɿݵ֦ûбˮܵұһѣ˳
һպǼһҲŲЩֵʵʯͷأ
˭֪Ǽһһ£Ȼ˵Ǹһ𣿡
һ;ЩԾϽ溰ɤӣǾĵûаʯͷ棬Ǿòܲشҵġ
ап࣬Ӷһۣź߾ͳ˹ȥߵߡȴǺˮмľ޴ѾʧˣѾָƽ˺ˮһʼҪһЩ
ź棬һҪĳ嶯Ϊ֪ʯͷһļһʮа˾ȥˣԥʱȴֵͲŵ϶˵ʿСү쿴
ϿȥֻŢĵϴʱһ֦дּּʯͷġ
ȥõġ
ʯͷּĲһ˵һȻȥ治֪ʲôأȥֱ
ʱҼˣ߶ʮһźͳ˹ȥͨһ˺ˮ棬ϵӱҸһһС
ȥ֮һͷ˺ˮ棬ˮ̹ǣҼΪĻǣȻŷˮĵͲʲôҲ
ŬԼǱĸǰ㷢ҲûУԽȥˮ¶ҲԽͣûжãҾЩסˣҲñܣֻȥ
Ҹո¶ͷͨһ죬̧ͷȥֻǼһҲһһߴĽţҲ٣㲻Ҫˣ
֪ԼǱȥвɵЩʧ䣬ʱҲεҵĸǰұһץŰȥ
ϰӸϽ˻ѣʪ͸ںˮһȦͶĶסˣӶЩ
ӰѻѸŪˣѵþ⣬֦·طӰûУҲ±˿
ҲʱźˮȥϣܹʯͷӰںˮðֱûпİӰӡ
ӵݸһ鿾⣬Ȼ˵ʯͷǼһѽƽʱ߲һƨǸһֻҪ϶飬ǾԻȥ
˵Ӷһ٣Ѿ峺ĺˮ˵ǼһôʱûӰӣˮ滹һͨ
ӵĻҵ˵ͷʯͷǼһȥ˺üСʱˣڻû¶棬ʬҲƮģ϶ҵͨ
ҲҪȥ뵽⣬һӣ˵
ҵĻӰһȥ˵ûǱˮװ²ȥѽҾûǵŪװ˵
Ļҡҡͷ˵ʯͷôȥģҾôȥҪȥװһһصҪü졣
ǻûнɽȵʱͿһ꣬ǵڶ֤ɽˮʮֵĳ㣬пꡣ
ˮڵλӦɽ͵ĵطһˮ£ע뵽ˮ档
ˮһһһкˮע룬ͿῪڣͨĻҲʱ򿪵ġ
ҵĻǼһҰҰ죬˵̫Σա
˰˵һҪȥΣտǣԼȳȥ
ǼһƽʱͱȽǺ滹֪Ǹʲôȥ֮˵ǼΪΣգұҲûԼһȥ
˭֪ҵĻ֮Ǽһɴ۾·ҪҴһһڵϾվĨһգ˵ʿСү⻰˵ģദôˣ㿴ĴԼһˣ
ұŪЩΣϽ͵ҲǸ˼̫ΣգûҪһðգ
˵ʲôһˣвһȥĵҾţһȥ
˵꣬Щж˵һƽʱȥ̰û뵽һģȻҲӡ
Һ˾ںߵȻƶɽˮӦøͻУһ׶ûУͣգ˵Ҫʮ²꣬ǿɾͲˡ
ֻСӺͱô죬ƺҲˣڻӱ߶һ£ǲԶ
ҺһȾ͵죬ֱڶϣͷڴѾõ¡¡


295 ͨ
Һڰ׼ˣĵطǺߵһʯͷ棬汻úҶһӡֹˮ䵽ϡ
ʱͷѾʼͣĴ¡¡ԭƽĺ֪ǹɿ񱩵һ㣬ʼһ˻
Щ˻һʼС˺ԽԽ󣬺Ǽĳֱһģһ
ʱϵҲҺſڵһҲҶɫ׵·ܹ֪һֻҪһܾԻᰤ
ȻӴɵܲˮҲϵΣֻܹΧ׸ӳճһƬɫҺſ棬ﶼЩûסһֱӰϵ
ˮı꣬ܵĻˮʼƬע룬һСʱңˮҺӰͷ̽ֻϵѾʼʱĺˮмѾʼһС
ǸԽԽУ涼ĪЩš
˵ʵЩ¡ΪڵĺˮȥǲǸ޴оһܹɵһеĹͣҪȥ˭Ҳұ֤ᷢʲô顣
ǸУЩѵһĭСӺֻڱ˳Сˮ˵滹֪ʲôأûҲһȥ
үҪȥһˣҪүȼ졣ҪǲȾԼҵطȥɣҲǡ
ֻСӺͱΪͨԣ֪ҪʲôĽǲᡣ
СһԴվ˵Ҫȥ
ȻûףʯͷǼһȻȥҾҲӵ˵ͷһ׼
Ҳү˭֪Ҹո׼ʱԱߵȴǷһֽСͼֵһһź߾ͳ˹ȥȻ߸ߵֱӾҽ˺ˮ档
ұһһ벻һȻô˵׼ûС
棬ȻͲСƬˮڲͣתһȥȻˮûһȥͲӰ
ʱҲԥһźͳ˹ȥȳ嵽ߣ˫ڰһţӸ߸ߵԾźˮȥ
һҾ͸оӱˮľ޴תĺˮ˲Ͱ˶ûҵͺͱӿ
ҽıͣƾתĺˮмȥûãҾ;ԼԴԽԽΣϵˮѹҲԽԽҲ̲סһſ͡
һſˮҵĶȥҲ֪˶ٿˣֱӾ˹ȥ
Ҳ֪ԼʲôʱѹģһǰһƬڣһҲûУҲ֪ǰ컹ϡ
ҸоԼˮӦһСϪ档
ûҲΪڸҸоԼĹͷɢ˼һûһָۣûˣֻεš
΢ϵǣҵıҲûбˮߣұ£ҴʱѹˣȻԼʲôطѾ֤ͨģҶû£ʯͷҲӦû¡
ǰӣҲ֪Ǽһڱˮʲôطȥ治ɵİżǻۣҸͶˡ
֪ԼϵĹͷûжϣֻǱˤʱ֪ײ˶£ҲҿҵǱѪܵģҪǻһˣɢˡ
аСʱŻһֽţȻڵժ淭ֵͲ
ȿһʱ䣬賿룬ұ嵽طʱ䲢ֻĸСʱӡ
Ϫˮ棬ֵͲһ£λһѨⶴѨֱңһСϪмȥ
ʱСϪм䣬ֵͲͷһ£Ǻڹ¡˵ĿͷҲ֪ǰͲʲôط
ڱ淭һʳŵ֮ȥûãҾ;ԼϽ
ұϱңڵվǰһۣҪҪҵǸһǼһһҲ֪嵽ʲôطȥˡ
ҹţǼһأӦ棬Ϫˮȥ
ûжãҾͣΪʱҺȻǰ洫һֵо޴ĺžϪˮ֮󷢳žž
ϾͿǰĿ϶һȻĵһʱ䣬תҪܣҸոҪܣȴ洫ĺ
ҷǳϤǼһﻹ˭
һӵҸϽͣ˽Ų֪һ϶ʲô鷳⶯ô󣬿϶Ǹһ治ɵİп࣬˵һȻǸɨǣù¶ˡ
ΣҲܲȥȣǰͳ˹ȥûܶԶҾͿǰںֻͨ·һ»ζ֪ĳֶ۾
Ҳɵĵһ˵ⶫôô
ʱֻһɫӰҾͳ˹ǸһҴʲô
ҵһ£Ȼ󺰵㣬ѽʿСү
ʱѾ嵽ҵĸǰֵͲźһ£ȻһֻȻǳ
Ƕֻצӣ޴弸Ѩˣ˵˵㣬ҿŲΪۼףϲûУ⻬ƤճҺ壬ȥޱȵĶġ


296 
һ˶ĹҾ͸оһȳζʱǶ͵ſ͡һ޴ĺУȻҿſ棬ۺɫͷȻһֻһҾͳ˹
û뵽ⶫͷȻҲһֹŵòⶫͷҺ壬оһĶġ
ҴһתӼ粢ܣһһһʵôǵôһģ
˭֪ҵĻ֮Ǽһſǻ˵ô֪ϡͿ˵ȥأû뵽⣬׷ѽĵ˰˱Ѫùˣ
˵һֱǸɨǣڲʱҪ˦Ǹһ
ҺǰܣǸҲһֱĸ治ɵİп࣬ͨҲ֪ж೤һ·ܹ·ڶûпȥҺӲԵҲҪ
۵ʱǰͨȴͻȻ˾ͷͨĳǿһƬģ
Һڶһֻۡطշ·һɵͿϵǡ
ֵͲһ£Կƺһˮ̶еˮȥγһٲ
ˮ̶ľ߰ʮң¿ЩΡ
վڶڱߣһĭĨһͷϵĺˮɴ۾˵Ҳ٣ͷˣôʿСү
һ̶ˮһۡʱǹѾԽԽˣϾҪ嵽ǵĸǰ
Ȼ¸ߣʱҲûбİ취ˣҧҧ˵ȥ
Ǽһһ棬һԵʮֵĺ£ʱǹ￿ĸˣǹŻȳζҲԽԽŨҲ̲סˣһȥ
ȥ˲䣬Ҳ˾ֻڵһ̶ˮȥ
ֻһֱӾˮ̶棬׹ľ޴Ӳ̶ͣˮȥһǾˣҸоЩƣϽ̶ֻˮȥ
Һˮ¶ͷϽȥֻ洫ǹĺУûиһ
һ̶˹ȥϰղĽŸйȥŸо䡣
ϵ¶ʪ͸ˣĲͣķ
ǰһۣԿǰӰӰŲٵľֵǣЩľ沢ûпһƬҶӣ·֦һ㡣
ʱҲŸоЩ쳣Ϊˮˮ̶洫ĻˮطȻһҲûУܾĵģ˸оޱȵĹ졣
ط·һ㱡ĺɫҸоʲôЩģģ
Һ˶ҪˣҲܲôˣǰ˹ȥŲȵϣ
ֵͲһգֵǵͰĿݲݣЩݲҲ֪˶ˣѾû˰ˮ֣ýһͱ÷顣
ԽԽطЩСĵߵЩӰǰ棬ȻһƬֻ֣ľȫˣЩľ֪˶ˣͺͺ֦һֻֻצһȥԵرɭֲطŨŨ
ȻЩҺҪǸϽŪһѻȡůҪȻǻᱻȥ
ЩĹ֪ȥ˶꣬øɿ쳣һҺӾͿһѣϽ·ѵþ⣬ڻԿ
ʿСүҾЩѽǼһһ߿һ߶˵
̧ͷ֪һ֡
ֻüüͷ˵˵ЩձʯͷҲӦǸߵһ·ЩһѲɾûǸ𣿻УҪ·϶ҲʪˣҲͻһ𣬿Ҹղ̶ˮΧһȦûпĺۼ
˵꣬ҲʣЩձ˺ʯͷߵ·һĻΪʲôûĺۼѲطбڲɣ
üͷҪŪôһµʱ򣬶ȴǼһɲ񣬶棬ͷţѹ˵ʿСүжҶ
ӵĻҳһϵĺëӽŵӣ֪Լ϶ʲôö
һҪ˭ָ֪Ͻ˵𶯣أڹ۲ǣ𾪶
ȻЩ£һװŵûлͷһᣬװҪ·ڵվ۽ĴƳһۡ
ֻǿĴ棬ʱһ˫ڵ۾ڶǣǰлѣ˫۾ҲӳŻ棬ڵĿռһһš
ұ˫۾ŵóһ亹ֻһƳûܿĺֻĿ˫۾ƺһˣһһͷڷˡ
ʮҪתͷ֪һܻܿᾪǸˡ
ҷ·ڻԣʹһɫҪô졣
ֻӲɫľڵϻ£֪˼һƵȥǶ˵ͷ
ֻӿڶ˵ʿСүȥŪ𡣡ȻһƹĴź˹ȥ
ʱļ׼ӶֵźžͳȥֻӣҶٸоЩŤһ˿վǰ˭ҲоȻǼһ⡣
ֻӵɵĴſƵ棬Ȼ͵תˣǿôͳ˹ȥдеʲô


297 
ӵҸϽվǿôͳ˹ȥһǰһļлǸˣֻҺڶǳĹӣȥЩŤ
ֻһȥ˺һǰĴһ£ȻҾͳ˹
Ҹŵһ㶣Ϊ˳óª£ΪҸһҲǹӣµ⣬ҲǸүǡ
˵Ľô¡үǹӣҪŤһǵжŤ
ôһĹѾ嵽ҵĸǰҲûжΪܵѪһ˵Ҫǿܶ࣬ӲӲĻûʲôҵĶ֡
ҴһҲ˹ȥתۼӾͺݺݵײһ𣬷һ죬֮ǡҾȻֱӸײ÷
һӴҾ͸оϱûһȻҾ͸оϴһɾ޴ײҵؿۣӲİεضźȥһҵ˵ϡ
һأͿ˵ӰһȻһҲûͣתۼʧ
ʱҲ˹ڵϰҸҹĵʵûµʿСү
ҡҡͷҺӵ۾涼𾪣ǱѪܹ֮жǿֻԼ֪ǸղŸʵʵӲӲһײҾȻ·磬ôܲԾѲ˵ǵĶҪǿ
ʲôˣʧķʵ
ղȻֻһ棬Ҳ˵ò߸Ҳ࣬ǳʱûԭһͷĺڷɢͷסҸûпݡ
ϵļڣҸĽײһʱҸоԼײһ棬ؼǣ˵ûиоһ˿¶ȡ
ܲܲǻˡһ£Ȼ˵
ҵĻǼһһɴ۾ʵǻˣѲǹǽʬɣ
ҡҡͷʯͷѪҺȽԭһʼʱҲģֻǱ˵¶Ҫһ㣬һ¶ҲûУҸղŸײһʱȴϸоһ¶ȣȥûµģһһ
ҡҡͷ˵ǽʬʲôҲ˵Ҹоһˡ
˵ٶ̫죬һĹͲӰϵģҺҲҼ׷٣ֻԭϢ֮˵
ط˹죬Һ˭Ҳ˯һûһ죬֪˶ã콥
ֱ̧һʱ䣬ڶѾ˵ˣطȴ
ǵΧһʵĺɫǵ߸ͿԶֻܿǰһƬֻ֣ĲľȫɿǾĵģͬһ㡣
ǵ·Ѿ඼ˣҺӸϽ·ϣǰ棬ͷҲɫֻ֣ʵĹߴͿգָо˾ʮֵѹ֣Ҫһڡ
һۣʵʿСүôߣ
ĻҲɵĿЦطʲôȫ֪ںδ֪Ҫıߣ
ڿڴͳָ룬ⶫǹеʱ򶶶ĻҪɲһó
ЩջһѰָϣһۣͻȻǵǸˮ̶˵ˮ̶ȥûĺۼ
ҵĻӵ˵ͷӡǣ߻ˮ̶ߣ˰죬طԼĺۼ֮⣬Ҳ쳣
һƨϣ治ɵЩй˵ѲʯͷЩձ˲ûеֻ˵ں׵ʱǽȫط
ʱҲͷˮȫ㲻״ߵҸǰ˵ҹŰɣôҲҪȥ棬Ҳûа취ȥ
ҵ˵ͷڵվһǰ˹ȥ
ֲ֪ΪʲôԸ⣬һľȫɿݶϵĲҲˣһƬɭɭͺ֦ʱʱ֣һͻȻĹצһ
ҺСĵǰţûжԶͻȻǰм·һźںĶϽ˵쿴ʲô
ϵĶںģȥһ˵ӰӣֵطͻȻӰҺӸеԾ
Сĵǰ˹ȥȵ˸ǰŷȷʵһˣϴżª鲼·µſڵϣһҲ
Ǹˡһ¶֫ҾͶ϶Ѿˣʱ䲢ϣΪƤͼⶼѾɿήӦһ߸ʬ
СĵǰеĳǾʬ˹һ״ŵһҲ̲סĵһ
Ǽһʬϵ·Ѿòǲһһһġ
ȥʮң彡׳һڵϻһ⼣Ŀʮа˾Ǹˡ
ҺӸӾ֣˵طҪѩɽߺüߵô˻￳أǸоֵǣǼ˵壬ȴûзһ˿ڣôģ
⿳˵ûһ˿ڣҺӲɵĶԭоʮֵĺ棬ּһʬ壬⼫ΪŤȥʮֵĿֲģһȥ֪֮ǰ϶Ϊʹࡣ


298 կ
ҺӶһۣ֪֮ǰʲô飬Ϊʲôʱôʹࡣ
ѲطǰסʱͻȻ˵
Ļһ£Ȼɵĵ˵ͷ˵ҲûеƬľǰӦöǻģôطһƬɭ֣ôпס˾Щһ
ƬɭΪʲôӣΪʲôһоһ޴ţǸͷԡ
һƬȻɭĪıأǰһжʾţط򵥡һһ޴ܡ
ҺСĵǰţǰߣҲͲͣĳһ߾ߵʬ壬ֻЩʬ岢ģǸָĶ࣬ҰޣǻһȺǵʬ壬ֻЩʬһʼֵǸ˵һһ߾ߵĸʬ
Щ沿ҲʮֵȻʱҲʮֵʹࡣ
ҺǰһᣬԽԽΪǷ֣ǸˡЩͬһ죬ͬһʱȥģ
ôܣط굽׾ʲôµ飬˺޶ͬһʱ䶼ʹȥ
Һʱŵͷ϶Ѿðˣֲ̧˲ͷϵĺˮŤͷ˵ʿСүѽҾطаѽĩ𣿡
ҡҡͷطһѾҵ޷ΪʲôطＸͬһʱȥط·Ǵ˵бħġ
ҺǰȥһСʱ߳Ƭɭ֡ǰƺһƬյأֻΧʵĺɫ֣ǸͿԶ
һ·ɲͣڵϷȥĶʬ壬һɭ֣ҺӸϱֲȻҲ֪Ҫıߣѹֵ˼𶼴һԼҪȥ᲻
үģҲֲ巽ǰ߾ˡӿǰָָҵ˵ͷǰ˹ȥ
ֻûãͻȻֽµĵЩ쳣Ͻ鿴һ£ֻǽµĵ沢ƽЩӿݣֻЩСӺйɡ
ũֹʱҲǽµĵ˵
濴ǿ˵ʬ֮ҾЩط˾ס֪ڿѹأȷˣط˾ס
طѩɽ棬϶ӣǵӦǸԴǲ֪ΪʲôԸ⣬ͻȻӡ
ֻ˻Щɫ˵ѲЩԭ򣿿Һӽôʱˣһֱûиоʲô쳣
⵽ô£ʲôԭеЩ޶ģ
ǰȥȻʲô֪طũǰ治ԶӦþͻũӣֻЩģЩǻ᲻Ҳеһʹȥ
ҺжðһֹĸоСĵǰȥ
ûмǰĿԿһӣطȻǸССկӡ
ȻһũңҺƿԺţȻ׼Ǹŵõһź˼
ֻԺ浹żʬ壬ҺһĸˣİСӦΪСӡ
ǰľʬϸļһ£ǵ״Ǹ˼һģһ϶ʹı顣
ҺӶһۣоһ⣬Щ̫֣Ѳկ˶һկ
ȻǸʿǼһǰǸģûٴһ뵽կȫѾɸʬǻǸоͷƤ顣
ط̫죬Һ˲ҷֿկӶһߣȻͬǲկƺûһӳȥŮףѾˣ״Ҳһģһ
ʿСүôое㺦ѽʱҺվկм䣬կΨһһС¥ǰ棬Щ˵
ʵͷëˣطŲ˸оѹ֣ټկȫˣ벻˭طҲס
Щһĭ̧ͷǰⶰС¥С¥ֻ㣬ľͷģľͷʴĳ̶ϿӦЩͷˣҲڰ꣬С¥ҺĿǰΨһûѲĵط
ҳ³һ˵£ЩʬûʲôΣա
ȫڰοӣʵµҪˣֻһֱţûб¶
ȥָָǰС¥ķţͻȻһֵĸоľãźʲôһȥŲѽʿСү˭֪ʱǼһȴǰľţԾ˵
һΪʲôҪźһһ㶯ҲûУ֪ǼһͷܸҿЦϸĴľš
ľˢǺɫϣڷţѿһ϶ʲô͸ǵ϶ڿһҲɵĴ˸¡
ֻۣҾѾ⣬ɾ̫ڸɾ
˲֪˶ˣĵط涼˻ҳֻǰţڵĵطȻĥһȻ˾ƿţ
ҳһ̧ͷĶ¥ϣ˵ȫ˵ĵطѲɻл˵Ĵ
˽ھȻףˣʸλ۲ŵ㣬ٺ٣


299 ʯ
Ǿ˸ƿģ뵽һ㣬Щšˣ᲻һʼǸȫˣֻûһ˿Ļʵûа취ȷʱʱˡ
ȥ𣿡ӿһۣתͷʵ
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һûüشӣ¥ȴͻȻֵ죬˹Ž¥߶Ȼִľ巢Ŀ֨졣
ҺӱһҺǽŲûֻڶ¥춯
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ˣһ̧ͷӾͷһ󺰡
ʱҲ֣Ǵӵķ϶һ˫۾ھĶǣ
ֵ˵ĵطͻȻԼһ˫۾סκ˸е־壬ҺӸŵź˼ʱȴӷžһ죬ͻȻ϶Ǵ˫۾֪Ѿ
ȥҶӴһһľ嵽ſڣһŽ߿˷棬ĸҡ
浽˳Ǳ߿֮󣬴ĻҳƮԵһƬ
򷿼һ¡ֻⷿյġʲôûУֻһ¥ݣӦͨ¥ġ
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ҶӴһƣ¥ݾͳȥ
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ҿƲסǰȥҺúּۿ죬һѾץסҡ
Ҹŵĳһͷ亹ûü洫̵һ죬ʲôص䵽˵ϡ
Һɫ䣬ͷвã϶¥ϵڴһ¡
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ߵ棬ڵϴһ£Ȼһ˫ӡ˫ŵûдЬӣǳŽŵģҽӡݵ£ڸ֮߳ȳġ
˫ӡǰ죬ʧ˺ɫ֮С
үģղǸˡ£̧ͷͷϵĴӡ
ŵ㼣˵ٶ̫죬Һڷ˳ûпӰӣ֪Ҫȥ׷϶׷ϵģѾڵ˺ۼͷŽӡ׷١
һعͷŷ˹ȥѾߣղ¥ϣ˵ʲôܡ
¥Ѿ࣬һžͷ֨֨ҶߵʮֵСģǼһûа취ֻҡ
ҪʲôΣգֱһߣҺ
˵ͷŵ¥ݵľͷǰһľš
֣˹ȥֻľŷ֨֨һĴ˿
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̫谵ֻѴֵͲĴţղ˾ȥġ
ֵͲһܣʲôҲûз֣治ɵİ֣˵ط˾סĻΪʲôŴҲûУҺӼСկӶһ飬ûзһĺۼѵҲóԷ
Щʱĳû˵Ͽһ˿ĻѲһˣ
Сĵź˻ȥطʲôҲû£Ѿ׼ȥˣոһֵͲһɨͻȻ֣ⷿӵǽʲô
ҾһֵͲǽ˹ȥֻⷿǽ浽úɫϻͼ
Ȼбڻ
۷Ź⣬ǽ˹ȥ˺ܶʱΪ˼һЩش飬ͼѲǽľطܣ
Щţߵǽ֮ǰȥֻЩͼúɫģͼķΪĴֿͼªҲ֪˶ˣкܶطѾ߲䡣
ӣϸĹ۲ڻֻڻĳƺһɽΡ빬ǹʮֵľ޴׳ۣǽһɽͷġ
ڻ⹬кܶŮҿһ۾;ЩԾΪڻȻǺԿԿó⹬˾ȻŮģЩףҲûһӣ֪ж⣬Ͻ濴ȥֻĹǰһ޴ĸ̨ʱһϵŮڸ̨档
Ůͷϴ鱦ĻʹڣһɫȨȣȨȵһɢŰɫâıʯǿűʯĴСȻȭͷһ
ڻúɫϻģĽڻȨǿűʯʱȴԵðɫ̻ǿűʯɢĹâ
һۿǿűʯҵо͵һΪűʯҿŷǳϤ
ֻǿǶȨıʯȭͷһС״εģĹǿɫŮʯһģһ
ĹۼǿŮʯģӡ̣ҶһֱεļŮʯӣֲΡ
Ȼ˵ŮʯһоаɫŮʯѲɱڻ棬ŮȨʯͷǿ鴫˵аɫŮʯ


300 ͨ
ƲסļֶЩǿǶȨıʯʮа˾žɽеŮʯǷô󹤷򣬾Ϊҵ
ҼۿڻֻڱŮԵüΪббڱϣ۾գվֵĶ
ֻθߴȻһֱŵģǻ˳ëȥֻͬһ
һֻëĶҵо͵һںߵʱǸҺëĶŮ˱һģһ
ֻҼǶϵëǰɫģǱڻֻúɫɫġ
Щֻ֣Ҳǰɫģֻڻ϶úɫϻģԿȥŻǺɫġ
ֻԳһĶ֮⣬Ů˵ı滹ֻ޴Ұޣͷϻһ㣬ϸϸĿһ£ֻﲢϻֻ˶ıӣ
ֻ˳СèһſŮ˵Ľ£̨ǹȺǶʮֵϣڵϣͷ̧
ԱߵĹʮŮӡŹĴȥǵԱ׵ŮѺͣЩŮӵ϶ۣмڻͷš
ǽϵıڻֻô֮࣬ҵиӵĳʣڻ浽ʲôطѲɽĴڹһ˶֪
ڻסڹĶŮˣǸ棬ԺյŮӣ㣬طĴǸصŮбΪڱڻԿŮӵĵλԵҪ˸ߡ
ϸļһǽڣҲûбķ֣Сĵ˻ſڣȻ¥ߵ¥¡
͵ȵüĲˣһϽ嵽ҸǰʵʲôʿСү
ûʲôֻһڻЩŹ֡˵
ҵĻǼһɴ۾ʵʲôŹ֣
Ҽ򵥵Ķ˵һԼĶ˵꣬Ҳǵɴ۾Ծ˵Ҳ١Ů𣡡
˵μŮһ˶ûУǱڻ棬Щŵв˵ġ
ҡҡУ˵ˣڻбŮŮġ
ǼһȤˣҰһ˵Ѳ滭Ļ첻ɣ
ҿЦҡҡͷ֪Ǹ죬ұڻĴӦñƴҪĶࡣ
ƶϣطӦһʧģɽУΪ˵֪Ĺȡ
ڵᾭĸϵᣬʱŮ˵ĵλҪĶ࣬ѲɱڻصĹĸϵطһ֧
ղ˵ŮʯˣʱǼһҵص㣬һ˫۾ʵ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ŮȨıʯӦþǿɫŮʯ
ǻʲôϽȥѽ⣬һĴȶ˵
ĻҲɵĿЦһ£˵磬ط򶼷ֲ壬ܲܳȥ˵أȥŮʯ
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֪˵ڶ¥ǸˣȻŪ˵ûбĵطȥҲֻиȥˡ
ҵ˵ͷ߳䣬µ㼣׷˹ȥ
طȫǹŹֵĺɫ̧ͷһʲôҺӵͷֻиĺۼߡ
ûжãǰͻȻһʯڣǰӦһɽ壬ֻЩ֣ǸͿɽ徿ж߶
ʱǰʯ֮ϳһںĶڡ
ǼһӦܽȥˡָŶ˵
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ҺӰΧ̦޺Χˡ
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ҺŶ˽ȥһҾ͸оЩһΪȻڶУĿȴǺʣҪʵĶ࣡
ӭ΢΢з紵ķһ˿˿⡣
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Һӱһеĳǰ溰Ҳ٣˭үˣ
ײǽǰҲûа㶯ֻҺڶоõⶴѨһ˫۾ڽĶǡ
ҺСĵǰţԽǰߣӭ洵ĺҲԽңûжãǰȻһ˿⣡
ҺӲɵľһ֪ǰӦⶴѨĳڣֻǻûüˣҾķһɫӰʱվڶڱϣǡ
ʲôˣ
ǺɫӰſڴУֻĻû˵꣬˷һŹֵĽ˫Ǿͳ˹


301 ɽ
ǳһˣǰǼǸˡ
ֻзһͬһĽҾ˹
аеù֪ΪʲôͿˣǿǼһֳɽһұȽϺöԸһ㡣
Ҹйһγײ֪ӲӲĻҾֲôȥģԿҳҴһԱ߾˹ȥ
˵ҵǴһ˲䣬һƲ֮俴˵һ˫۾
ֻ˫۾˵۾۾ȫ۰ףû飬һⷭš
һҲҿҲӵϵƤɫҲڵģҼȥ·ûһ˿ˮݣһ߻ᶯĸʬһ
ǼһʱΪ˻ṥҡūǰѳһͳ˹
ǳ֮ǣǸһĹ˲ûлعͷǣǸҲ֮󣬼ź˹ȥ
ǹ˽ģıӰеĳ嵽ϣʵ
ҡҡͷεĽӴѾ֪ǸνġˡʵǲһˣΪϲûвһ˿Ļ
ҲûϿһ˿Եһܶ϶ˡ˻ǻˣֻĳֹ
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ʲôܣһҲҡҡͷ˵
ҿһһڿ˵һܣҹ˶Ը
ʿСүţˣһ￴ȻŹ˵㣬ʰɡ
Դڵ֮һ͸˼صĹţһҪҸ
ҿЦҡҡͷĵļһ˰֣ǰĶȥ
ߵڣǲŷ֣ⶴһԼһףСͬԲһʯ顣
ҺӼһʯ飬ûʲôرֻ֮ԵõرĹ⻬һ˾վš
طǾֻʣǸ㣬˲˹Ķʯͷ϶ˡ
ʯͷλ붴ڴԼ׵ľ룬վԿڰİѩ
ҺվʯԱߣŶڣֻããһƬİѩ֮ʲôҲ
Ҳ֪˳ʯͷ濴ʲôطֻԼ˼άĻһоʮֵĹ¶ɡ
ѲûгȥʱŶڣͻȻ˵
ĻЩûŪʲô˼Щֵһָָֻ̧ۣǰ档
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뵽һ㣬ҲֵһֻۣǼһͷڶŪһʯ顣
Ҳ֪һҪʲôɻ÷ֻǼһһʯͷǰ涪˳ȥ
Ӳûʯ鶪ĲԶֻһңһȥʯ飬ǼһĽţͣҿš
̲סʵڸʲô
ʱǼһһתͷ˵Ǽһﲻ֪˶ˣҹҳȥǲطлʲôģûУСһû
ӵĻҵ˵ͷһﳤֵģ˼ͦϸ
ֻּһʯͷǰ涪˳ȥһαһεԶһ㣬ȻͣһǰţֱڣΧҲһֱûʲô
ģⲻлѽӿһۣץץͷƤ˵
Ҷ˵ͷ˵߿ɡȻҵǰ˹ȥӸϽ
˵ұϿŹʮֵ򶨣ҲЩģôûߵڿ϶ԭģطҪʲôĻأҺӿɾͲˡ
ÿһߵļΪСģǾѹͣԼһСĴʲôء
Һõǣ֪Һߵԣⶴûа㶯ӵĵĻزûг֡
Ĳѧѽӵɴ۾ͷһۣץץͷƤ˵
Ҹ̧Ŷȥû뵽ǼһһѸץ˻ֻĶ˵ҪСģԡ
ֻеĳ⣬ҵĻһȦ˴ĺ֮⣬ʲôûС
ӾЩˣ˼ץץͷƤ˵ʲôҸûע⵽ǽĶŶ⡣
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ȻŶɽѾĻѩȫǣһһ۾˳ΪЩѩҲһӣɽ֮ϣֻѾѩڸǡ
ɽǸֻŮ˵Ĺɽ棡ָ̧֣ǰɽ˵
Ҳ֪ʲô˽ģ֪Ǹڱ֮ȨȵŮ˵˭֪ŮȨϵıʯ°ɫŮʯҪȥɽϣ
Ҳ٣ǻʲôϽߣǼһִʮֵ˷ܣкһǰ˹ȥ
֪һһ˵ʧĹŻԵ˵˷ܣЦҡҡͷҪĽŲ
Ҳ٣˭֪һûߣǰӷһ󺰣ȻӾѩ׹ȥգۼͲӰղվĵطֻһѩ


302 㼣
Ǽһոһ˾ݽѩ棬ҴһΪѩ߱ʲôء
ҸҪܹȥֻѩ洫ǼһҲүģѩҲ̫ˣȻҾͿһš
ҸϽܹȥʱŪѩȥԵʮֵǱҸоЩЦ
طѽûߣһȥ©ȥˡĴԼϵѩĭתͷ˵
ߵڣһֻţĻѩȥһµĻѩʹ֪֨֨ԼҪǲʵˣ϶Ǽһһݽȥ
̧ͷǰ棬ǰɽ֣طĻѩȻܺ񣬿ǲҺ˲һѩȥҪ취ѽ
үģղǸһʮа˾ſҲΪԭһֱİɣ˿ĭ˵
ҡҡͷȻźĻѩҾǸġˡҪȥĻӦú϶ʲôԭ򣬽档
ҵͷ˼Ƭ̡ͻȻǰһһԴ˵а취ˣ
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ѩСŪ֦Ь棬ѩһܹѩɵǰˡ
ҵĻӵ۾ҲһŤͷ·˻ȥɽľ٣ҺһɽҵһŴе֦ȻӽһЬӵ档
һֱæ꣬ǸĹʼնûг̧֣ͷɫɽȣа֣Ǹ˵ʲôͷΪʲôһֱɽ֮вȥɽΪʲôˣ
Ȼӵʣڶ˵Ҫ黹ҪҵǿɫŮʯҺվڶڣǼһ̫أǰ棬Сĵȥ
СĵİѽŲȵѩ棬Ь֦ҵĽſȥشŵѼƣȵѩϣµѩ֨֨ûݣҲɵһ
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ѩһֱûͣҺ˶ŷѩߵȶӶˣߵɽ£ҿʱ䣬Ѿϰ˵㡣
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ʮ׸ߣȻѩǣĿԿ̵Ĳֻ࣬ĸߴĺӡ
һڱڻϿֻͬһĶа棬ѵǣ
񱻰ڷڽɽΨһڴֻػһػɽϵĹ
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ƽ̨ĺȸߴʯšɽڣʯ˺ı㣬ʱʯ֮һ϶ıɢڵϣǱ˸Ӳƿ֮µĺۼ
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ҲȫǱطôãԴһۡתͷ˵
Ҳоʮֵ֣Ǹڻ濴طˣʲôԭطɷ·һı磬طʲô飿
ʯֻķ϶ֻܹ˲Ӽȥ嵥׾ͽȥˣǼһȴǷ˾ţӲļ˽ȥ
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ͨǰ˲ԶǰͻȻÿһƽأȻһǰ
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ҲϽԴڴ˻̧ͷȥֻھĵģûа㶯
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ֻǼһͷϳһ亹ָŴ˵ղжҲ洵
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̧ͷŴȥвɵЩţ⹬沢ɾ϶ʲôǿĶڡ
йɣֲ̧һͷϵ亹ʵ
ҶҡҡͷղֻԼĸоҲûпжԻ½ۡ
ǽȥǸںĴڣ˵
ҵĻǼһһӣȻҧҧϵĺһ˵УģүͿ浽ʲôŹֶ
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źɫСȭͷһСٶȿĳ档ɫһֱҺ˵š
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˵ڿڴͳһѷֽЩֽ÷ˮСװţԲûдʪ
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ֻŷֽɵŻٵź˳ȥȻ󷢳ҵʲôһĽͻȻȻϨ
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ΣǼһŵһ£ûһƨڵϣϽվҵһֻֽĳҵӡ
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ԭǱߴʱվףͷͷǵ䶼ų佣Ǹղſֻꡣ
ŵòᣬȴʮֵ򶨣ΪȻڻڱվ̬֪ѾˣǵĻҲѾƮ壬ڵǾûκ֪ʬ塣
ҴһۣûзĻǣСĵǵʬ˹ȥӸҵЩʵʿСүҪʲôѽһ²һ£ҿǻǸϽȥɡ
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˭֪ҸոǰһҵĺУͷȥֻĹֻźɫС㣬Ҿ˹


305 
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˭ֻ֪ڰͻȻ͵ش˸תܿҵķֽµʬͷ˹ȥȻҺӵע֮£ֻɿ뵽Լʬ档
ݵĻָ˰ȴʬ壬ľЩҪӳϿܡ
˭֪ʱʬͻȻžžǶӱѿһȻ˲֪Ů͵һ٣ϵĿ׷һ졣Ȼǻ̧ͷ
ҷͷ۾ɫĹâ·еҹɲһ㡣
ҺӻûзӦˢˢ죬ĳҺӾͿ˹
еĳҵͷҴһԱ߾˿ȥǼһȴŭһǰѳӭȥ
ǣȻǼһзһƺߣͨһƨɾ˵ϡ
׷ҵǸʱҲͣһӵͷͿȥ
ʱӸոձһϡûȥۼǳҪԴ棬вɵĴ󼱣һеķֽʹ˹ȥ
ֽһ֣ʱͱһŻ۵һֱҵϣֻһҵĺУһ٣еĳҲͣ
Ǽһúܣ׼յһڵϹľ͹˳ȥ
ܣӴһȾǴھͳ˹ȥ
ոһ棬Ҿ֪Բô׶ԸģҵķֽǵϣȻܹЩãǸûжӰ졣֪˶̫ǿ󣬻Ҫ
Ҳ֪ӲƴҪԿҵĺܣ˭֪˻û׷Ļ죬ԽԽĳ
һͷһֻѾ嵽ǵıеĳҪͷˡ
һ°ŵû⣬Ȼ屻Ѫܵͨĵ˵ǣ֪еĳ϶ܹ׵ǵԴ
ʱҲ˲ˣһӾſϣľ͹˳ȥһ죬ͷʱֻһֱӿ˵ϣһѿڣĽ
ǼһҲһһߣһҪܳȥѾˣϽڵľҧҧӺֻӲƴˣһһ
ãԱߵӴӦһȻһ໰ֵڵϵϸߣеĳߵһͷͿȥ
ֻһ죬һֱӿͷ棬𼸵ǣȻֻǲһͷϵͷȻһ룬䵽˵ϡ
ΣвɵһˣΪӸɵأ˭֪ͷ֮¶һ
һŮ˵ǿȥȴ˵࣬ķεģüëֺڣƤɫЩڷϣһ˫۾ɢĵɫâͷϵĳɢȥޱȣ˼ǣͷȻӸˣͷϲûгһ˺ۣͷûбһ
Ҳɵĵһеĳж֪ģ˭뵽һȥȻһͷûпϣѲ֪˶ǱѪܵӻҪӲ
ʱѾŵɵˣǰǸŮǶƺһЩջ𣬿зŭĺУһӾɨ˹ȥ
ʱӲǻعһᣬԼǰ
ֻһ죬Ǽһƺӵ˶Ľҵź˳ȥȻصҵϡ
ʱҵǸҲѾҳ˹ҵӵİΣϽץŷֽҵ˹ȥ
ЩֽɻϣҵĲͣȥҸϽܵӺ͵ĸǰжŷֽʱˣڵϸеʵû£
Ǽһʱ׵ˣͷϵ亹ˣղһ˲СĿͷ
ôôȷŮˣһĭʵ
һķӦҲɵһһڻйϻǾ֤ûˣļ˵̫ǻҪӲӲסǣҵ˵
ӵ˵ͷЦһ¶˵ؼӲҲס
ʱǳ˹ҺӸϽֿһһź˳ȥ
嶼ýӲȻǵٶȺܿ쵫ԶûлҸղžͿһ㣬ܵʱҪͣ䣬һܹٶȡҺһһΧŴ֮ڵӲͣתȦֻ֫ӲԲҺʱǰȫ
ֻһҾ;ЩԾӦΪ͸оۣҺȴˣھѾ۵ĹǺˣ³Ų˶೤ʱ䡣
ģҪ취ѽһһͷţҪӲҵķֽǵòһʱûʲôð취Ըǡ
˼ȦͷѾ˺ˣ֪ԼŲ˶ˣʱҺȻһ뵽ԼѪҺ⣬Ȼǹ룬ǰҵѪĨľ᲻ã
ڷҲû˱İ취һһ߰Լ˳ֵľ滮ȥ
ǵƤʮֵļӲҪǳܰƤƣֻϳһѪڣѪ˳
֪Լ˿Ҳϵĺܿ죬Ͻľյ˿ϣմԼѪҺȻͣľתͷдһǳͿȥ


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Ů˿ҲеľƾҿһҲΪ̫ţⱾǳͷȥһȻƫˣ档
ľĿϣһ죬Ҹоֱһ𣬵ľûбȥ濳ȥ
ֻϵĿ׷һ죬۾ȻֱӱҸ
ֻһļϲͣķ˻˻죬ðһɵİɫŵ˿˶ĵĿζ
ʱĿзһĺУź˳ȥ
һⷽãвɵĴϲӴĺѪѪͿĨϣ
ҵǼһһ໰һһߣԼӣҲٹǾľűҿһֱ۵׷˹ȥ
ǶҿһֱۣƺΪʹ࣬вͣĲҽţźţϷŹһľͷȥ
ľ䵽ͷ棬һκǿ˶һڵһ죬ֱӱҸƬͨһ˵ϡ
ʱǱҲһתͷȥֻǼһųһɨֱӾͽԴʬ׷Եڵء
Ҹոһ˭֪ҿƬڵϵʱȴͻȻЦ
Ů˷ЦĴԵüΪˣϲɵһļƤ
д󾪣ѾҸƬٷЦ⾿ô£
һͷһֻһźɫĹ㣬Ƭ滺Ʈ˳ǰһҵǰʱֳһһģһ
ǸĻǣȻҸƬĻȴǺˣʱվǰĿҡ
ǱߵθһǼһﱻĻǸû飬һѵģһеĳͿ˹ȥ
ǰֻĻǣ˵ǣֻӵĳ洩ˡ
һĭ֪ԾŤͷ˹վ󣬽ŵʵʿСүô죿
ڽĶĻǣڿڴŷֽӣ֪Ļǿҵķֻֽܸ˲ǣʱҲûʲôõİ취
ŷֽŷֽҵȼҪŷֽȥʱĻȴͻȻǰһ
ȻͬʱſͣҺӷ˻
ǿзǺԽԽǿҸоԼĶһʹȼյķֽ۵һʱͱŻҳ
ֻĽԽԽǿʹ˫ס䣬һĺӶ뵽ǵԺ֮УҵԴ·𶼸ըһ㡣
˫ֱͷҪߣԴ۵ĸ߲·ߴͨһ죬ֻѾ̲סĵڵϣԼԴͣڵϴ
һҲ̲סˣҲ˵ϣвɵİп࣬벻ֻȻ˵ǿ󣬿Һǽˡ
ҺڵϵʱǸؿڵͻȻһ󶶶ȻҸоϢһ׵ĹâҵؿվǵǰǸһֱ֮еĹ߹
ֻ߹վҺǰſ죬зһХХʱͽĹѹȥҺ˶ʱɲ٣ڵϴڵĴϢš
ղűĽ˵ĲᣬһԼԴͬһۣҪ߹һᣬҹҿ϶Ѫ
Ľ߹ѹȥҲټУһ˹ȥֻͲһ
ҺӼѵڵڵϣ󱳿ŷڵĴϢţ߹Ļ·ɵĲһ
ʿСүҪǳ߰ɣµĶҽ
ұӵĿһһۣȻҺ߹ֻǰԵľȹҵĻʮֵǿһжʤܻ˵ôܶԼȥ
ҪԼ߰ɡҶ˵
ҵĻشӾ֪Ҿһû˵Ҳûж֪ҲҲߣЩж
ʱֻֻսѾԽԽң߹Ӳͣ·ɣǹһĻǹȥ
жг仹ûдǣͱɵɫĹ㡣
ʱһ߹ĳ俳ϣйֽһӿٵǰƮеĳֱӴ߹š
д󼱣ϽСģ
ֻ߹һᣬյıܹһһֳ˹һͷ
ʱҲ̲סˣڿڴŷֽ궯ŷֽŻʹ˹ȥ
֪Լķֽ˵ܹ赲Ƭ̡
ֻŻǵϣǸĿйֽӲɵź˼
ʱ߹ͬһֻɫĺһ㣬źƮ˹䵽Ͼ
ЩԾĹôôаţѲ֮ǰʩʲôɣ
ʱķһУų߹˹
ֻ߹վԭһҲϵİɫͣƮȻ̧ͷзһС
ĺУҺӶһΪͲԼŶ죬һʱҲ벻
źֻ߹ϲͣð˿˿ɫȻӾȻһڱ


307 
ҺĿɿڴĿ߹ǳƤһһһĹȻΧơȻһģ
ʬɣǸʬɣʱ߹ԾĴ
ӵѣҲ߹ӣǸ̵˻ǵʬɵģ
ò绨߹գֲ֮ʬɣͷ󾪣˵ѲʬɵĻǲûܹȫɵڷ
ȻҲ߹ͻȻõӸһͣʱ߹ɵʬɿзһֽУ͵ǰʹ˳ȥ
ʬɵٶȿۼ׽ֻһգ۵ĹҺӾͿѾ嵽ĸǰһֻ֣ץסһֻĲӡ
вͣţֵĽʬһҲû֣ȻͻȻſ졣
ֻһ켸ֿ˰Դͷһھҧȥֱӽ̵˶档
ҵĹԹԣǸʲô⣡ΣǼһŵþг
Ҳ֪ôһ£Ϊʲô߹ʬɵӣֻнŵĶǰ档
ֻһʱǱ˵һзһҽУźƮ˹ȥʬɵĶҪĶ࣬һգ۾ͳ嵽ıڱסĲӣղһֱһھͽȥ
תۼĻǶʬɸ̵˶棬ҺȴһҲ˲ΪʬѾתӡǿ
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ҲûףҡҡͷĶʬɡ
ֻĿһᣬȻ̧ţǾ˹
ԽԽҺҲԽԽţǼһﶼԼĳֱֱʬɣͻȻһֱ˺ǡ
ֻʬҷ֣ÿһϺɫƺͼһ֣ҲڽıС
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ұӵһһۣ˵϶ûôʷҪ֪ǺųǧܵŮŮˣﻹȱˣϴȱŮһȱŮϹ˲ܿ
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˳ָǰȥֻǰһյ֮ȷʵżӰЩ˵϶űѩһʱ֮Ҳ㲻ѩˣˡ
ҺӸϽǰ˹ȥֻЩųһоŸ˫ϥڵϣԴʹ
ЩѩˣѽʿСүʱǼһЩĶ˵
˵ҲѾЩ˲ѩˣԺ󱻱ѩɵģΪǵͷϡԿɫͷ
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߽ͻȻָһ˵ĺ˵㿴ʿСү
˵ıֻ˫ֽıױϵ¶һȦһȦĸĲסЩ˾ȻǱģ


308 Ů
ҺӶѾ͸˾ȻǱסֽŸǿзŵģ
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ҺӰһߣЩũ֮Ҳûбķ֣ɵһ
ҺӸе˵ǣȻһé֯ɵ̺ӣӦǵڶ츲Ļľá
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˭֪ҵĻոճڣӵȴͻȻһܵ˾һ㣬һŴ־浽ҵ档
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ǰΣ治ɵЩţʱ黺ǰҲѾߵǵǰ
ʱѾܹһԼʮҵĸˣǸ˵΢΢ķһҲԵ֣һļֱǣҷⱲӶûмƯŮˣֻȻĴһϵϢЩֱӡ
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ǿŮʯҵﲻɵļһ˭֪ʱǸϵŮȷʵͻȻתͷƺĶסҵ۾ǹһĨصЦݡ


309 
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˭֪ʱǸбϵŮȴǻǵķתͷϸֳһĨصЦݡ
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ľЩԾҪ۾ŮϷ·ĳħһ㣬һҲܶ۾ҲС
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ʱͻȻоһֻƴ˼棬ֻͬһһҵļϣҵһ㼦Ƥ
ȻҾ͸оҵļϲͣ·ҪҵļһʹĸоҲԽԽǿҡ
ʱǸϵŮѾ̧Զ˹ȥлصһ·һЦ
ŮȻѾԶһܶŮ˸ʩ˶һ
ϵֻƻڲͣҪڵ屻ѪļӲӦͱķ顣
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Һڻ亹ղŵָоֱ˷ǽĶǰ棬ֻⷿŲ֪ʲôʱ˿һںĶվҺӵĸǰ
ǿǶӣɵĵһ
ֻǰģһϰŵġˡֻ⡮ˡ·ûƤһ㡣ϵĽⶼ¶棬ȥޱȡ
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ҪǲһܿԴ档
ֻ˿зһֽУԱһ࣬ŹҵľȻͻȻſ죬һںڵմճҺͷವһͬһһһӾͲҵ档
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ʱ˵ͷӸˣһ治ͣδźɫѪΣвͣŭţԵüΪʹ࣬ȻǷ˷һ㣬ſֻƣӾͳ˹ȥ
Ǽһ￴ͣӲƴתܣ˻ͦǳ𣬶Ҹܲˣֻ֪׷ӡ
ҿ׼˻ᣬƵ˵֪βʮֵһеľڵϵβ;ʹ˹ȥ
۵һ죬ľ͸βƬֱӽִβ͸̴ˡ˿ַһʹĺУβ͵һ鵽ҵϣҸоԼһɴϮźͷ˳ȥһҵ˵ϣˤûۡ
ʱǼһ￴׼ᣬдһ͵ػعеĳһӣֱӾɨ˵Ĳӡ
ֻˢһ죬˵ԴӸɴĸһ˵ϡ
ֻ˵ڵصŤ£Ҳûһ㶯
ҺӱڳһĴ󺹣ʱҲϢϽſȥ
ֻղЩѾȫӰǴûֹһ
ҸոһԱߵȴĳһҵ䣬ָŴ棬СĶ˵㿴ʲôʿСү


310 ط
˳ӵָȥֻŮʱķʱֳ˼ӰǺӰһ߸ȥ˵ӡ
Щŵӣ֪߸ʲôͷ˽ŵĶŴ⡣
ֻ߸ԽԽǰɫ·ͷ԰ˣҴӦöʮҡ
˵ĺ۵ˣȫԴҲں棬ĸߴ󣬿òֻһۣҾͿ·Щ֡ǵ֫ȥƺЩӲ
Ⱥ˵һҰ׵۵ˣ·ƮƮķһɫϢмɷǵģ
͵һһӣͷ±Ⱥ˸ǵĲ֮ء
ѾĲµ߸˵ݣǰӦþձʦмǵʽ񣬶ǸӦþҵʦ壬éɽϵˡ
ЩһҺӺһģʯͷûҵǻҪСһĺá
ۼһȺŮʧĵط׷˹ȥҺҲɵһһƨϡ˵Щ˾ЩСձ˰ɣģʲô
ҡҡͷоЩ֣ģЩһӦڸٸղŵǸŮЩձ˵Ŀĺܼ򵥡Ϊ˵õǱȨŮʯ
ŮӦֻһӰЩһʲôã
뵽ҵ治ɵĿһӣѲɸղŮ޵Ӱ񣬶ʵڵģ
ŮղתͷԼЦݣеĲּᶨ˼֣ôܡŮ֪жˣ⹬֮еǺôܻţ
Ҳ٣˹ˣʵʱͻȻŵĳһҵ䣬ָҺ
ұһ˵ôˣϽȥ
ֻһӰԶ˹
ߵļΪСģǵҲ鿴ҿڲʱ̧ͷñڿš
һǸӰҸ˵ĲΪ˲ǱˣҿѰҵʯͷ
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ʯͷ˵ͷ첽ߵſڣȻߵ档
Ҽǰȥһץסֱۣеʵû£
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ҿһһۣЩջ˵һ˵õһˣкһԼˣǿɲһ
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ǣкҲһҺ͵ʿСүɼˣˣôܽģΪʲôһֱûзֵټأʱֵʯͷʵ
Ҳǳ˺棬Һں֮ûмʯͷĺۼѲЩձ˸ߵĲһ·
ҵȥĵطҲһСկӣȫֵˣȻ˳Щձ˵ĺۼʯͷش
Ҹӵĺ棬ҺӲ඼ǸСկӸתһ飬ǲûзκµĺۼ⵽ô£
뵽ͻȻһʯͷ˼կص㣬ʯͷǲͣҡͷ˵ûп
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Щձ˹ӣɵĵ˵ͷЩһĺܼɵǸŮֻҷѽǣŮѲĲӰʵ壿
ֵʯͷ˹ȥʯͷ֪е뷨ҡҡͷʾҲ
ҪҪȥʯͷʵ
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ҸϽϢԼҹʯͷ˵ͷڵϾ˯ˣһȻ
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ӶкһҲ˯ˣСĵĽŹϣýӹصֻʣһ΢Сķ϶۾һգҲգ档
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תͷһ۵ѾӸԴˣѲɾǸŮղٻģ
ɻʱֳֻ˼ӰҸϽȥֻЩձ˺ϵȥ
ֻԭϵǰ棬ʦһ˵ʲôԲϡ
֣ҵЩȥʲôʱ֣ǰһձʵ


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ֻǸϽֵձĻ֮΢΢Ķ˶٣ȻͷһЦɳ쳣ȥ˸оʮֵıŤ
ϵҪżȻȥϢһǾȥҿʯšǸհʦشȻǲ˵ӰʧҵҰС
ǵĶԻһѲЩձѾŮĲ֮أ˵ҪȥҿʲôʯţŮĪǲʯ֮ڣ
ʱʯͷ˯㣬ܲܽǽҸղձ˵Żᶯ֣Ҳһʱ
ڶһʯͷ˾˹Ǽ򵥵ĳ˵㶫ȻҰĶԻʯͷ˵һ顣
ʯͷ˵ͷ˵ϳֵŮӦþĻǣµûЩձ˸ӦþҪҵķĹǿŮʯһͲķĹ档
Һӵ˵ͷֻЩձصӣŮķĹ϶ʮֵգ֪ʲôΣء
ҾںǾУЩСձˣٳҲ١ǼһһЦĶǽ
ȻЩصǶĿǰ˵ȴõİ취ʯͷڣҲ¸ЩСձȥСԶԶĸžͺá
Ǵ⣬ڷȴЩձ˵ĵߵ·һ
ȻûãͳЩձ˵Ӱֻһءע⵽ǰǸʦƺһʲô
ǿ鶫ǸȭͷСɫâҲ֪ʲôõģһҵоӿһֲõԤУǸȻһʮΣյĸо
ǽԶǲڷ˳ʯͷǰ棬һ·Щձ˶ȥ
ֻŤ˹յģҲ֪ת⹬ʲôλãתҺӶͷˣҪûʯͷڣҲϡ
ʱǰһԺӡԺһƬѾ˵˹һߴļɽ
ֻʯͷߵſڣҺӴ˸ƣ֪Щʦ϶棬æſߣȥ
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ͷˮʱֻǰëַһУ̧ȭͷǰ˱ʽȥ
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ֻǽװ˱ʽ·˺һټǹƴµļֱһı棬ֱӸ߸ߵԾǹԴͲȥ
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ʱʦ֪ֻʽսͳ˹ȥǻûߵǰͱǹŰ˱ʽҵķ˳ȥ˶ſڣĿɿڴĿⳡս𺳵Ըӣ벻ǹȻôԭţƵİ˱ʽھȻŰӡ
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ֻһ֣ѩƯǰĿзһѪʽǹͷ˹ȥȻǰ۵һѿһѪ


313 
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ⳡսǾʱǰëһҧǰ˱ʽĲ档
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314 
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Ŷ濴һֻۣģʲôʯͷСĵǴ˸ƣ˽ȥҺӸϽĺ档
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Һ޲һţֱǸ²ĻһһΪּû鷳
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316 
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Ҵһʯͷж֪ġ˵һֱĸЩձ˵󣬾벢ԶûеͻȻʧȥǵζЩձƾͻȻʧˣôܣ
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ͭϵ̵ͻȻЩ죬תˣⶫҼŮ֮ҺӷϮ
뵽⣬ҳһϽŵȥֻѩĺۼһִµĺۼȥЩˣ
ҰԼƶ϶Ӻʯͷ˵һ£ߵһ䷿ſڲ鿴һ£μǰһһģһ
ϸϵµĺۼÿʮжҺӿģһܳʮֻҲѹЩձ˻ѡ·
ԹԵģЩСձųûǼһһЦ˵
ȴҡҡͷ˵Щձ˵ùֻЩǱ˿ŵģһͻᾪЩˡ
漸ûסĺۼȴôˣʲô˰Щ˷ģ
߰ɡʯͷ˵
ҵ˵ͷʯͷĺǰȥȫЩձ˺µĺۼʮֵķ㡣
˲ԶѩϳںӰӣ߽һֻˡ
ֻǵԴ˸ϿڴʮֵĹ⻬ȻһӸɾĸģҲ֪Щձ˻ϳ֡
ǰߣЩ˵ʬҲԽԽ࣬һ·ɢɢľȻʮʬ壬ЩʬбԴģҲвٱӲ˺ġ
治ɵһѺЩȻ࣬ǲܶձʲô𺦣ֻҲɵİ֣Ǹĸߴľܵȥˣ
ǰ˲ԶǰľԽԽϤһԺ䣬һѾɱ˹мһɽǼɽ´ʱһںĶڡ
δһﶼסˣļһģһѲŮķĹɣ
ߵڣֻһʯЩʯһʯţոձ˴ûж೤ʱ䡣


319 
Ǹ˱ʽѾֱۣҲ֪ʯǲǱƵġ
ûжͣǸϽ˽ȥ
һȥͿص˵ʬ壬һ¡еӦöѾȫ
Щ֣ɱЩˣΪȥ˺󻼣Щ˲ڶģ˶棬ЩԾˣѲЩձǴƶ֮Щɱģ
뵽ҡҡͷЩձеõ۲пôϺӦڶЩɱȻƶڣ߽
ʯͷʱƺҲ뵽⣬Щ˵ʬ壬Ȼֻͷʯš
ʯźܿܲձ˴򿪵ġʯͷ˵
Ļҵǰһһƺ˵ͨˣʯЩձ֮ǰѾ˸ˣܽȥ֮뵽ҪɱЩˡЩ˲Żڶ
ôһһµְǵǰʯű˴õʱ䲢Ǹշûõ飬ôʲô˴õأ
Ǹˣ
ҺȻһʼڱڻпǸĸߴĸձ˴һľˣǾ˿ȥͲСпЩձһⶴСʯŸˡ
뵽иӵĺ棬˵ʲôͷЩ湬ľʲôϵ
飡
˭֪ʱͻȻһ춯صĴ޴ʯͷһһҵͷһҵ
֪϶ڷʲô飬Ͻ˹ȥ
ͨĹһ±֮ϣվ±֮ǰȥֻȻһҲڣһ㵭ӫ⡣
еĹǵͷֻɽϵʯҲ֪ʲôɷ֣ͣķһ㵭ɫɽǸо·ɾһ
ʱǰִһ졣
ǻ࿴һۣϽڶܳǰȥ
ûжԶǰһ޴ʯ飬סǵȥ·
ʯ֪ҪǰͱҪʯͷȥ
Ǽһ죬Ҫ˵Щʲô˭֪ʯͷȴ͵֣һסһ
ҿʯͷŵӣ֪϶ʲôϽȥ
ֻʯͷ֣žʯָָ˸ơ
Һ˳ָȥֻǾʯʱſżɫӰЩЩձ˺ϡ
ⶴȻйǲǺЩʣҪʯͷѣһʱ仹ķֲЩձˡ
ֻЩձ˴ʱſʯͷ棬һûз̽Դ治ͣĴ̽š
һЩһҾ֪ǿ϶ûиʲô£СʵȺ˶ڸ
˭֪Ļո£ǰͻȻִһ죬Ǻܽ޴ʯҵײһͷĻֱ䣬Ҹоµĵ涼ڲ
ǿʯͷһ洫ģ֪ʯͷڿ϶ʲôڷ
ʯͷǴ˸ƣҺ˸ϽСĸ棬ǿʯһ˹ȥձȫƺǾʯĺ棬ûвǵĵ
ЩձԶһЩȻȥǿʯȥʱȴǳһ
ֻʯһƬյأȻһʯǽʯڽıţʱʯ֮ǰһĸߴӣڵϲͣĴϢ߷һһͷСţһСʯ顣
һ۾ϳһʼ֮ϿĸЩձ˴һľˣû뵽ھȻܵˣֻļƣҺҪʲô
ֻǸߴڵϴϢƬ̣Ȼڵ˫ַ·һĭһɵľͽǿСţСʯͷ
Ŀɿڴͬһľˣǿʯͷǧأ˿ȥɵľͽ߸ߵľٹͷж
ֻǻûüԾͼ˾ǿʯͷǰʯžص˹ȥ
һ죬Ҳ滬ȥֻǾеʯͷʯϣʯͷ治ͣʯʯȴһ㶯ҲûС
ҵһ˽ʯͷȥǳжˣҲ֪ʲôʯͷɵģȻһҲûС
ֻǾ˲ûаݣǼһߵʯͷһ˹ȥ
ʮΣǾͣղһ˵ϣǶĺ
ǿʯͷأȻܴ󣬿ʮҲе㶥סҪϢһС
ҵ۹ʯȥڿԿ϶ǣʯһ汻ƵһҪӲ˲֪ٱҪʯţͱһӸˣžõʲôʯϣ
ҽĿתǸˣֻڲͣĴڴϢǿ֮ðİɫ֤ǸкĻˡвɵ֣˵ʲôͷЩ˵ľʲôϵ
Ȼ֪Щ˵ǺЩʱ䲢̣˵ҲҪкüˣһĻôǶлģ
Ƕ˿ʲôûУѲ˿ԲԲȵĻ
ϴŵƤ·ȻªǲվŻţ϶¶һָ߸ϵİְƺģȥ֪ݿ϶ʮֵĸ߹
ʵֵʲôҪͣȥǿӲʯţ浽ʲôطǸصŮķĹĻָǸŮʲôϵ˻ѣ


320 ѩ
ֻǾڵϢƬ̣һξ˽µĴʯ˹ȥ
֮УеǿʯͷԽԽСԭС֮һǶ˾ܲܽʯŸҿʱͻȻһʯ֮ϴ˳
ʮֵ࣬ʲôѿһ㣬ǸϽʯȥֻʯʱһۿɼѷ졣
ѷĳǾʮֵ˷ܣֻ໵ĺһξеʯ飬ʯž˹ȥ
һΣʯҲֵסʯĳһȫ˿һڡ
ǶвڰɢİɫâǱ򿪵ıһĲƱɢ˵Ĺ
ǶڣǵжɵЩǴʱǾȴûмŽȥǳ䱸Ŷڡ
Ҳ֪ڿʲôķӦĶƺΪļɵ
ֻǾֿǿʯͷһŶо˹ȥ
ʯ鶪ڶ棬ҳ¡¡һǴһȻǶŴУǺȥ·ĳҰ޷һ㡣
ֻĺԽԽ֪жҪܳˣɴ۾Ŷȥ
ֻдһ˵ĽŲʲôٵıܶҴŲĶֹһֻ
ǲ²⾿ʲôʱӰѾڶԾ˳
Ӱٶ̫죬ҸûпǵʲôֻܿǵӦòС
ֻӰſڵľ˾˹ȥգۼѾĸǰ
ֻǾ˵Ŀзһŭһ࣬һӰȻȭͷһֱӺ˹ȥ
˭֪ǳž˹ĺӰȻӲڿһ٣һתǾ˵ȭͷ˵ϡ
ʱҲ㿴ӰʵĿֻǺȻֻľ޴ѩ
ֻѩկıڻϼŮµֻ
ֻֻѩҰ׵ëͷСһŵˮţ࣬ʱһǰһΧǸˣϵë
ֻǾŲӣԼֱֻѩ䱸
кϷˡԴ棬һڴ
һĵоϲ֣ǰֻӺ;˵Ĵսôܲе˷ܡ
ȴǽĶǸˣһָоֻѩԲĶ֣Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôֵĸоֻǶǾž޴ġ
ʮ˵ЩľһطôһǸŮĵˣ
ľ˶Ѿˣôģ
ֻֻѩ;˶ԳţзصͳĽûжãֻѩڰβסˣͬʱǾ˾˹ȥ
ֻһǾûжһһֻѩ
Ǿ˵ٶȿĳ棬ֻǰһѾ嵽ѩ֮ǰ֣һѾץסѩֻǰצ
Ȼ˵Ŀзһ˫ץֻѩһֱֻ˹ȥ
ֻһ죬ֻѩĲҽУһֻѩֱӱҵķ˳ȥڵϹµµԶͣ˰ǿվһʱӦòʲôˡ
ֻǾûᱻҷɵֻѩеֻһʯھͲͣȥ
Ĵ֮Уѩ屻ͣҵʯǽϣûм£ѩ°ѾѪģۼǻˡ
˭֪ʱǸͻȻһʮֵȥŮ˵ҲŶһ£ֻŮƺ߶ʲôֻķʮֵĹ죬ҸȥʮֵĿء
Ƕѹ˺ŬҪŮ˵˵ʲôǾʱŮ˵Ȼ𽥵ı·˷ŭ޾ϡ
ֻǾһжʱһһ°ҵѪģѩŶж˽ȥȻȻ͵תŲܣӾȻҪܡ
ǿһ˵浽ʲôȻǿľ˶ŵðܡ
ֻǾ˸ոûǶͻȻںĶǶٶȳĿ죬һɫһգۼѾ嵽Ǿ˵Ľ£ȻˢһֳֻһĲסŲ
ǾǰܣŲһסʱĲȣͨһҵ˵ϣ涼ö˼¡
ԱߵֻѩʱƺΪԼĻˣֽһǾ˾͵ͷȥֻǾſڵϣѩҪ˵ԼͷʱһӾڵϷ˹ֻ֣һ֧ץסѩĲӣһ֧ץסĶǸ
ѩ־ڱصãû뵽˵ķӦô죬ʱǾ˸ץ棬з󰧺ֻǰצͣ
ҿѩצӲһͽǾ˵ӸץϡãƤ¶˳ֻգ۵ĹƤֱץ˿ڣѪ졣
ʱԭסǾĺɫ˻˻죬ٵĲסȣҲͣϰ˹ȥ
ʱľƺԵüΪķŭзһУȻֻһֻѩʹ˻һ죬ǹͷ֮󷢳
ֻѩӺԴѾȫ˼ңֱǾֻ֮УǻѪҺͣǾ˵¡
ĿɿڴǰһУǾܴܹԱԴӲİǸеرĳԾһע˸סĺɫ


321 ͷ
ֻһźɫĶǾ˵Ľ¿ʼûöʱѾӵǾ˵ȫİȥһֻɫĲӼһ㡣
ǿԿǾ˵廹ɫĲӼ治ͣǲȴʼѲסĺɫ
ֻǺɫĶǾ˸ס֮󣬿ʼŶȥһǾ˵ӾѾʧǵ֮С
Ҳ٣ЩʲôʱǱסˣɴ۾ʵ
ҿĺղڶͻȻðĺɫһɫ˿ɵģЩ˿ںڣһֶֻһʱôҲ벻ʲô
˵ͷʱʯͷͻȻ˵
Ļ͵һ𣬸ղǶͬʯͷ˵˵ͷ
ôܣʲôôͷʱһŵ˵
һ¡Ȳ˵ܲܳôͷУͷֱֲۣԲһԼȻǾ˸ס
Ȼ롣Ǽĺܶණǰĵģ˵Ƕп˵ͷ
ʱԺкȻֳǸڻϵŮòͻȻһŹֵͷľãЩͷӦøǸŮйء
ֻǾ˱Ͻ֮ðǸϽԴź±Щձ˿
ʱ洫һ˵˵ʲôӦþǸаձ˷ġ
ֻ֮Щձ˰ϡȫʯͷŶ˹ȥ
̽ԴĶЩձ˵һһǰ˱ʽѾֱۣȻʣǲȴǰëָҧһڣԴԱţ·ЩȣûзϵҲѾظǰ䡣
һֻʽȥҲЩҲ̶ãϵĿ׼ϡãһ·ͷЩձϵ·Щã϶ǸǸ˻˲ʱġ
ֻЩֵȴϵˣֻЩձ˵ĺ棬һҲû²ĺۼԵա
治ɵЩ֣Ѳϴһʼûг
ʣЩһӦǸˣһйһսȻͨܽ
벻ͨǣЩձ˲ûиǸһ϶һˣڿߵƺǸˣЩձˣܵˡ
һжǸ֪طĴڵģĿҪ
뵽еɻӵŨأ˵ʲôͷĶֵʲôܣ
ֻЩѾߵ棬ǲûпڣǸڱž룬С̽š
֪ЩһǼɵͷһĺɫĶԲŲҽȥЩձŮʯҪˣһ̲סġ
ЩձߵھͱǺɫĶȥ氵š
˭֪׼ϷʱǶͻȻһۻĺʮֵϤǸ˷ġ
Ǿ˺й֮󣬻ûǷӦִһŮ˷һ㣬Ȼִһ죬ָֻƽ
һ֪澿ô£ЩձҲŵź˼
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ֻǸʦǰ̤һתͷʦ֪˵һʲô
ǶѾϽֵձЩʦ죬ʽҲֻİ˱ʽġ
ҵעϵǸԲԲҲ֪ʲôƺ治ͣĶһҪǣԲȻһɺǿҵΣյĸо
ˣֻʦеһǰĻ֮󣬴ӦһһŹֵ
һʽӶǶھ˹ȥ
֪ʽ϶ʦģǰҪʽȽȥ̽̽
ֻʽϵãÿһ죬ǽĶҪʽߵڻʲô鷢
ֻʽһŶȥֱȶڲһ׵ľ룬ɾĵûа㶯
˭֪Ϊʽ˳߽ڵʱɫͬͷһĶ͵ڶ̽˳һӾͲʽϣֻգ۵ĹʽһͷһϽ˶УӰ
˸£ʱЩձ˶ɵˣǰŭһ
ҲЦǰֻڵձĶȴǼǵúձӷŭʱ˻쵰˼꿴ǰһĸһҵ治ɵİˬ˵ͷЩСձȥźá
ԡЩСձ޲ߵʱȴͻȻǰһеĳ΢Ц򰲱˵
ǰϵĻԵһ£Ȼ͵ػعðй˵ϵԸæȻãֻǶ̫ˣа취Ը𣿡
ֻû˵ǶŰЦЦеĳŶھ˹ȥ
ҽĶϱıңǱҽļͷһʮֵĳأ治ɵʣһ·ϱôصһʲô浽װʲô⣿
ֻһߵ˶ڣ붴ֻ׵ľʱͣסӣȻԼ䣬һ滮ȥ


322 С
ֻһԼֱۣѪҺʱ˳ֻ˶ԾǣѪȻǺɫġһֵɫ
Ҳ٣һѪôɫģӱһ˹
ֱɫѪҺҲһϾ뵽϶ϰЩéĽ
éвЩȾҪԼһ󶾸֣ҲΪʲôձ˻һԭ
϶Ƕأ·һ󶾸һ㣬˵վѪ֮ô඾ڣȻ˸оʹࡣѪҺѾɫϵĶز֪ж٣Щطɵʹ϶ʮֵĿ£ŻͶЩձˣֻΪܹϵʹࡣ
ҶӺʯͷ˵еԭίӵɴ۾ΧԼϲϹӣֵ𣿡
ӵĻҳĬһ¡кܶˣûһ˵뷨һģԵѾ߻ħˡ
ʱֻϽֱϵɫѪҺȫ䵽ֵǰѱĽϡȻŶ˽ȥ
ﶴֻԶʱǺɫͬͷһĶڶ̽;˹
Ƕɴ۾棬ҪӦԡ
ֻϲŲæ˫ȵվڵϣԼĺɫͬͷһĶ
ɫĶ˲;ϵϣûжþѾӶ
ȥΪϼһжⲻ𣡡ӿ˲ͱǺɫĶס˵
ȴûΪΪʽǾˣһⶫס֮󶼱ڵأʱϵȻǺɫĶסվûе£ûж
֪Ͽ϶жԸЩͬͷһɫİ취ȥ
ʱ洫һֵ죬ǱסϷģʲôһ㡣
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ֻһɫĻ磬ʱͻȻںסϵð˳ɫĻһðɫĶͷ˻һһӾͱմˡ
ʱǲſɫеǰѳ
ֻϹɵЦݣһӣеĳǰһԲȦЩڶĺɫһӾͱȫϿϵЩҲͬʧȥ˻һ㣬ɢ˵ϡ
ЩɫĶһϣҾдһŮĲҽУŮ˵ĲҽִһŭǸġ
вɵ֣ǾѲ滹û
ֻŮ˵Ĳҽ󣬶ͬͷһĺɫڵһವһŶо˹ȥ
ʱźеĳϣͣĴڴϢ΢΢̵ϴʱѾ˺ˮ
Σ֪ȻǺɫĶˣԼɡ
ϵû°ɣʱǸںʵ
ֻ˰֣ʾԼû£Ȼ쵽ԼļͷһӾͰѱϵı
ڵϣһ졣
ͻϵı󵽵ױʲôˣʱɴ۾ȥ
ֻǱһڵϣʱͻĶ¶˳
һеĶҲɵĵһǼһɴ۾ָ棬оҲ٣С
˵ûǵСӣСԼӣһһŮ϶Źĺɫ·ͷ϶һСӣȥΪۡ
Ȼϱı˻ɣǴҲ벻ȻᱳСֻһҾͿԿСѾˡ
һﱳʲô̫ˣʱҲСѾˣתͷʵ
۾ϸСȥֻڶı۾ϵƤһѪɫǺһһ飬еĵطķࡣ
ʱҲɵĵһ֪СӦþԼƵС
ҺʦǰͰСֻСֻǰ˸ıûбãʱߵֻСȴСһéɽéƳģҪС
СҪҵĲСʬ壬ȻȡСĻǣ֮СȻСͷϴһЩˮˮı鲼С壬ӶӲǹ롣
СΪѣҪϼʮʱ䣬һһܳɹСһƳɹȴǴĳ棬ǹ룬ޱȣСֱСʬƣ̫£ԱΪééɽеϽû뵽ϾȻƳֻ
ֻϿһֻС۾һӾ˿ֻС۾ɺɫȥΪĹ졣
ֻֻСһ۾һһҵվϵߡ
ΣвɵЦϸղŶԸЩɫȻϰԼֻС˳ȻЩձˡ
ЩһȻһ𣬿Ƕʲô񣬸ԶŶԷ±Էɵ
۲ۣа뵽
ֻǺɫĶϿ֮ҲûгǱһ㣬ʱĿŰ֣˵֣ڿԹˡ
ЩձĻ֮˹ȥֻǽаʦϾһ˵лϵ


323 Ůʬ
ϰ˰֣ǰ߽Ųײź˿һ
΢΢ǸֳһĨЦ⡣ͣס˽ŲǶȥʵ澿ʲô
ֻϻشӦͷ
ôͷʲô˵ͷôϵĻشǰһд˵
ûлش𣬶ǳĬһ£˵ΣգҪСġ
ղýնǺɫĶʱҵıŵһͬëȼʱζ˵ǶͷҲû̫Ծ
ʯͷǸģֻǼһɫŵЩסСֹţ̵ģʲôôͷô
ҿе㺦£ļͷʱЩձ˿ʼŶ˽ȥ
Ǿĵ߽ڣһһ±ϸ֮ڵϵĶЩѾʾһͷ
ŶȥֻǶв֪ʲôɢİɫâûиһůĸоǸоӵı䡣
ǽȥתͷʯͷʵ
ֻʯͷ˵ͷڵ˳ҺҲϽԼСطΣգһҪСĲС
ǻŶȥĹߺֵǣǸͿʲôֻܿǰһƬããġ
ʯͷǰ߽˶УҺӸֻǰʯͷȴͻȻʧӰЩɫĹͬŨŨİɫʱڸΡ
ҸϽǰ׷ȥ˭֪һͻȻϴһ⣬ǰĹ߱ð˲٣̧ͷȥֻԼһĿռ֮УطĲ֪ڷ˶ٹײģ
طӦɽͳһɽҴŵĹһ£ЩײĵӦϰپ֮࣬ЩײĲ֪ʲôɣȻ͸ģ滹ɢһɫĹâʬյ
ʱʯͷվҸǰɫصǰĹײģǼһҺ棬һЩײľ͵һоһҲ٣ʲôǣ
ǰȥЩײĶ͸ģɢŹâŵҲֻЩĶŮˡ
ЩŮеᣬеϣ϶űİɫڹײ֮Уǳ˯һ㣬ûһʬиõļ
ⶼʲôˣڱС˵
֪طĶЩʲôˣطӦǸĹأҲصôأǾ֤طŮݺ͵λ϶򵥡
ǰĹײмԵ𻵣ӾǸոձ˸һһ㣬ϻϺۣʲôȥˡ
ϵϺۣ֪ǶǸ˺ʽϽʱģֻǲ֪Ǳͷϵʲôطȥˡ
ʯͷñڿᣬȻָǰ˵ЩձǱȥˡ
ǰ棬ɵһĭǰһͨҪͨҪЩײм䴩ȥЩײŮȴвɵĸоһĺ⡣
ֻʯͷǰ˹ȥҺֻøϽ棬ЩײĶ͸ģһͷܹĿײеŮ˵ЩŮ˶֪˶ˣûһѪɫȥͷֹסķ
Ǽһҵĺ棬ŵȶӶˣһһֹ߲ͣʲô
ҵͷ˾һڹײģֻһԲʮòŮӣŮӵͷϴһΣıۣ·˯һ㡣
ҸҪתͷƿߵʱҵĶȴͻȻЦȻҷ·𿴵ŮʬͻȻ˹
Ůʬ۾ӵһ飬ŵĲɵĵһҪС
˭֪һûнгȴҵĶŵֱȻץҵֱۣŵʵôˣôˣ㿴ʲô˵ʿСүɱѽ
ûᱻһץ۵ֱֵۣͷŮʬȥֻһúõ档
Ѳɸղۻˣа뵽Ǹղŵĸоʵѽ
ôˣʱǰʯͷͣתͷҹеʵ
ĵ飬кǸмЦһ£˵û£ղֻǿˡ
ʯͷ˵ͷǸҪǰߣ˭֪ʱǰĶȴͻȻһ֮ԵʮֵĻ̼ǱȽȥձ˷ġ
Щձ˵ԽԽʲô˳
ǵһǰ߿϶Щձһġ
ʱʯͷԱָָҺܸϽ˼ڹײĵĺ棬ЩײȻ͸ģʬ壬ں沢ױ˷֡
ֻԽԽǼձ˺ϵӳ˶ڣǵһźɫͷڶڲͣĻ裬һ֮ͷûн׷ϣǻ˼£˻ȥʱִһǾ˷ġ
Ǿ˵вɵЩ֣ǼһﵽڻûЩҵϡ
ЩȥֻǴʱԵʮֵǱȫֻСɸϵ󣬿ҷ֣ǰİ˱ʽʱȴӰ
ǰ˱ʽӦˣҲ֪ûбϵ˵һ¡
ͷ̫࣬ͽȥ˸£ʱǰЩߵ˵
ĻҾ֪ǶͷһʼʱĲ֪˶٣Щ˸ͳ岻ȥ
꣡
˭֪ʱǰһ͸ĹײȴͻȻһѿϸϸѷ죬ȻҾͿײһƵŮʬͻȻתͷһ˫۾ңǸֳһĨЦݡ


324 Ƥ
ҵ۹۲Щձ˾ٶʱ˭֪ǰĹײȴͻȻ춯
ҵͷֻײŵһϵŮ˵ʬ壬ʱʬתͷ۾˹
ŮʱӦòСˣһƤһƣӹǣŮ˾Ȼ΢΢ǣȻ΢Цһ
һΪԼһοأֺݺݵԼĴšһѣ۵ҵһһεͷŹײȥֻŮʬϹŹЦݣ۾ҡ
ʱҵͷֵطһŮʬšǸоֱҪŮ˻ǸƵӡ
ǲ
ʱײִһĸһӾ˿ȻҾͿŮצƣ̽˹
ȻЩձ˾ǰ棬ŮʬצʱͿҪ쵽ҵˡҲܲˣһѵģľȥ
һȥŮʬɿݵͬצһƾͱֱӸһ¡
Ҹոһʱŷ֣Щձˣʯͷӣ˶˹
֪ԼʱҲزסˡվڵϣЩձ˺ٺһЦ˵˼ˣǾ͵ҲھУ
Щձ˺ϿͻȻվһ˵ǻعǰô£˸£
СģʱʯͷͻȻһҳ˹еĺڵһӣֱӾͽҽµǾŮʬҵķ˳ȥ
ԭղվʱעЩձˣŮʬˣץҵĽŲӣҺʯͷְŮʬˡ
Щձû뵽ðһˣһ£ʱǼһ˿ĭҲںվ˵ģҲزסˣ˻үأ
һܳˣЩձ˶ɴ۾ȴһֱеľȻ̧ͷʵͽܣ
ϴ˵ʦһҾͺ޵ŭ˵ݼʦ壬ʦѳéɽЩձ˻ͦѽ
ҵĻϵɫһӱ࣬ȴû˵ֻһ˫۾ңʱǰдУ˸£Ȼ˻֣ʦǾ˹
˭֪ʱռ֮ͻȻ˺ֵܶŮ˵ĵϸȥкܶŮ˵ЩµЩ͸ײġ
һЩ˶ͷŵȥֻЩŮ˵Ľ𣬵ϵĹײһһǲǲЩײȻѺۡ
Σ˶ɵĵһаٶڹײģҲ˵аٶŮʬѲЩŮʬҪ
ĿɿڴĹЩײһһ˿һֻֻŮʬڹײ˳ӿ˹
Ҳѽ˽ˣǼһĺ
ʱվڹײĵм䣬ҲУЩŮʬŵΧ
壡ʱʯͷĿдһеĺڵǰŮʬ˹ȥ
ֻŮʬûжһӾʯͷԴֱӽԴƬŮʬӸûлζһ£ֻ֣ʯͷץ˹
ֻʯͷڿԾ̧һŮʬţߵź͵ȥʱǼһҲһֽУǰ˹ȥֱײŮʬ
ʱѾ嵽һʯ֮£ʯڣȻԸЩӿŮʬЩҪȸղܵҪɶˡ
ǰ洫ЩձһŭȻЩŮʬҲǷ˹ûйǡ
ЩŮʬ̫࣬İǸΧס嶼岻ȥЩʹ򣬾ԴɲͣǷ
ûãϾͱЩŮʬץ˲֪£϶ܵѪҲûбЩץˣֻϵ·ץãͬؤһ㡣
ʱһߴһҽУҲ֪Щձ浽˭ˡ
ǵȣʱʯͷҺӷһ󺰡
ĻҺӸϽеЩŮʬ˫ſȥȻ˫ȱˣЩڵϲͣ˹ΣֱҪҸƷˡ
ǸŪͷ󺹣ҪѵʱǰĶкȻִһǾ˵ĺִһŮԹԹĵૡ
ʱЩЩΧǵŮʬʲôһͻȻһȻŹǣǶ˹ȥ
ЩŮʬ˵߾ߣһԵ˸ɾֻмֻǿ˫ŵĻڵš
۵˫ֶڷȻûбЩŮʬץ˿ڣҲץĵۣҪڵǰһˣͱЩŮʬˡ
ЩձȥֻҲǽϣ˰ϻվţʦһڵϣһǽš
ǰа˱ʽֻСæֵЩŮʬ˿ȥȻҲмǱǲûʲô󰭣ֻʦûôˡ
ֻڵϵǸʦԴѾˣһ̲ѪҺĲˣһǽŵʦڲͣѪۿҲˡ
ʱ򰲱˹ƺû뵽ЩŮʬİΧ֮лЩԾ
ֻת˼£еһǸֻʣֱۣŲӵİ˱ʽ˹
Ȼ˱ʽǰëִսһ֮Ѿ𣬲˶Ѿƣʵûˡ
ܣʯͷʱһ
ĻҺת̧žҪȥ죬򲻹ܣⲻˡ
˭֪ǵĽŸո̧Ƕôһ𣬺Ǿ˷ģֻһصȥ·ʹࡣ
Ǿ˵ĺո£ŶдһнŲҲʲôײɷ
ǰһ£İ˱ʽҲͣҲϽŤͷźȥ
ֻǴ죬ɫӰֱڶھͷ˳ҵ˵ϡ
һǱģڹײܳŮʬ
ֻֻŮʬڶзɳˤϣ嶼ѾˣڵҪվŤ򾣬ȥرĹ졣
ҳһŮʬǱʲôֱ˳ŮʬڵǸҳĶľˣѲǸˣ
ʱеĽŲԽԽڣһߴӰſڡ
һӰ˶̲סĵһһ㾪г
ֻڵӰʮֵĸߴӦþǸ˵ġ
֮ԾӦǸ˵ģΪӰڳ֮⣬޷ϡ
ֻ浽ѪһƤ·ոձһ¶ʺļ⣬µǣӵĶЩ¶ļͣټϲͣѪȥǴĿģ
ǸˣֻһƤȴǻı


325 ᪴
ֻǾϵƤһҲûʣ£ͷƤȥδδͣϵѪҺֲǡ¶ĽʱһϵĺڷЩɫͷĽ֮䣬ȥ˸оΪĶġ
ҷȻ嵽ſڣĺ󱳴Ǳڶͷš
ֻǾſ죬зһŭ𣬽͵ǰһ壬һ˺ѵǵĶ棬ǲھ˱ͷڱһӳ˿
Ǿ˳ͷǰһ壬պǸԭȴվԭصİ˱ʽ
Ǿ˱ӣԵñǰҪ񱩵Ķ࣬һǰ˱ʽ񡣴һֱһѾͽĲץסֱӸ
ʱǰϵɫ䣬вͣֻǰ˱ʽʣµֱۣǾ˵ĸ첲ͣ
Ǿŭһ֣һסʽԴҲûʲôֻһᡣ
ֻһԭݵİ˱ʽȻһӾͱԴ
Դһǰ˱ʽ񳹵׵ͣƾҲһ
Ǹǰ龰𾪵ĿɿڴһʱҲܣʱǾǴһа˱ʽ壬ŰϾͶ˹ȥ
ֻ˺Хһһ˹ȥڵϵʦûôˡˣڵһҲܶһ¸ֱӱ˱ʽ˸š
Ǿ˵ֱϿֲֻʦһУԴֱӱ˿ϵĹͷҲȫΣǰ˱ʽһĵ˵ϣĲˡ
һͶЩһ﷢˹治ɵİĸˣʱӳ˳ҵ䣬ָָȥĶڡ
ʱҲҪߵ飬ϽʯͷŵŶȥ¾ǸѾûƤľˡ
˭֪ǸոûмǰȴͻȻһӰӰպõסǺ˵ĵ·
˲ǱˣǸɶİ
ֻǷһٺٵЦȻð˵ôҪĺϷŸոݣһ𿴿Σ
ѧģܲӴʶһܺõʦҪҪ¡ǼһһһĶ˵ҺʯͷѾս׼
˸£Ǽһĵ٩ŭһ䣬ʱҺʱѾ׼ͻϮ
˭֪ʱִǾ˵һȻŲ
ǻͷȥŵøεѣ⣬ֻǾ˴ʱǳ˹
ʱǰҹ˲ǣһԱ߾˹ȥ
ҲѵСձǼһһҲϽ·
Ǿ˵ٶȺܿ죬һľ붼ҪԶǲǰܣ׻ᱻײϣֻиǰԱ߶ȥ
һı䷽ǾȻͣһ£ֵͷǳ˹Щ͸Ĺײеı飬еıߵ÷˳ȥƹƹҵͣ
ǰİͷһۣǴغ𵽣˸£ǲҪңΣ
Ҳ˱ڣҪ㵲ţүͳȥˣ˭㲻ҪϷ𣡡
ʱɵӦþǸˣֻڴԼСһʯվţǾ˵ע⡣
ûãǾ˵ĽŲѾԽԽ֪ҪˣǼһҪ׷ˡ
ͷȥʱʯͷͻȻһ
һʱûзӦϽͷȥֻʱʯͷѾܣǻعͷǾ˾ͳ˹ȥ
ǾѾܽˣֻʯͷһ壬ͰȥһµµľǾ˵Ŀ¹˳ȥ
һţټܷҲᱻǾ˸ץס취
ҧҧҲѧʯͷİ취׼Ǿ˵Ŀյͷ͹˹ȥ
ɿֵʱѾǾ˵ıǰ壬ûͷǰ滹ˣԲûǣҲɵһֽ
ֻǾ˴ʱѾǼһԽԽˣѾ֣ĺ󱳾ץ˹ȥ
ΣвɵĴ󼱣Ӻ
ǼһҲоͷһۣйֽһ˫ֱͷϣź͹˹ȥ
ֻӵһµµǾ˵Ŀ¹˳ȻˣǼһڵֽһǾͳ˹
ʱǾ˵ǰֻʣǸˣֻǼһͷһɫʱͱˣϵǣһȻûټܣͣתǳʽ
ǰľУһҲһֻžܰȳһô
ֻǰдڵĴϢţԵʮֵǱɫȴʮֵļ㣬ȻǿľǿŸСͷˮ
ֻǰʱֻ۾Ķˮ򣬿вͣ߶ʲôʱˮȴͻȻ˱仯
ֻˮʲôĶһʼͣתԽԽ죬ˮתֻǰԱ߻ĳһĺɫ
ǲɫԽԽŨֱȫûȻǾǰĿзһ
˵ձҸ˭֪ʱǼһȴǿ˵ɣ֮꣡
һ£Ծӣֵʵ㶮
ֻӲ˼ץץͷƤٺЦ˵ǰΪ˿Ƭ㣬ѧôһ㣬һѡ
ӵĻһѪû˵ҲУһﻹǸ˲ţ
ڻҸпʱֻǰĺЩΧסĺɫͻȻһȻವһʧ
ǿЩȫܽеǸˮȥˡ
ʱǾҲѾ嵽˰ĸǰƣͷץȥ
ֻǰеˮǰһ죬ִһȻˮ濪ʼɢɫĹâҹâԽԽʢ
ڣˮ洫һ죬Ȼһĺ˳һߴӰ˰ǰһײǰľˣȻǾ˸ײź˼
Ҳ٣᪴ߣһڰǰĶſڴ
ӣҵһۿǶҲʯͷ΢΢ſ͡
ֻڰǰĶ׸ߣͬһͷȴŰ˿ųªͷβҲǰ˸Ҳ֪˻ô£ͣµ˶ĵճҺ塣
ⶫǰ᪴ߣձ˵гŰ˸ͷ­β͵ľ޴ޣ˵᪴ÿ궼Ҫˣһ֮еļһˣ֮ڿ᪴ߵβ͵ʱ򣬷һʲôƽ
ǰΪЩⶼСձYYĴ˵û뵽Ȼۼһ᪴ߡ
ֻǰ᪴ߵİ˿ԴͣĻȥǲͣˮȥޱȣǾһʱûз
ҿǰڰ᪴ߵ˳еˮѾӰǾˣϴһĨصЦݡ
ⰲҲźȻǰЩʦʬ壬ÿһ䶼һ᪴״壬Щձ˶ԳʲôʹߣѲЩһĶǰ᪴ߵˣ
̧ͷǰ᪴ȥȻڿȥݣһľЩͷΪ˵а᪴ߵӿǿɽǰ᪴ԵҪСࡣ


326 ս
ǰ᪴ߣ֪Ǳǰеˮųģ᪴ߵôôС
Ⲣİ᪴ߣǰ᪴ߵһƲлꡣȻձ˸Ƶ֮ϡʯͷʱǰ棬ڶҺ˵
ҵ˵ͷǰ᪴ߵͱ֮иˣôֶܻĴڣЩձʦֻŪ˰᪴ߵĲлѡ
Ȼֻǰ᪴ߵĲл꣬᪴ߵħһĴڣҲǾ˲׿
ۼ˺Ͱ᪴߾Ҫһս±Ҫ׼ߣ˭֪ʱȴһĴ졣
ǸϽͷȥֻǰЩ߽еŮʬ֪ʲôʱ˳ϱʯԿأҲˡʮŮʬΧм䡣
ֻϵֻСĸǰС𿴸ͷߣۣȴĽֻֻС֣ͣץסŮʬֽšһ͸ƬһĹǰѾ˶֫кĵǡЩŮʬȻϣǻڲͣ䶯ȥͬ˼һ㡣
еĳҲڲͣĿɱųŮʬ
ЩŮʬаٶΧסϵĲʮʮĶǳ˹
һΣҲɵĵһ˵û·ˣǰǺлһʱ˶ɵˡ
ģô죿תͷҺʯͷʵ
ʯͷüͷ塣Ȼ˵ǽڣܳŶǶðɣ
ĻǸϽʯȥʱǾҲڶˣֻзһ𣬻ȭͷǰ᪴߾˹ȥ
һУһȭֱ˰᪴ߵӣصҵʯ档
ֻǰ᪴ߵİ˿Դſ죬һĺһβ糵һǾ˾ɨ˹ȥ
飬ǰ᪴ߵİβͶɨ˾˵ϣɨź治ͣš
һսŪöѨһǾһˣøЩŮʬӭײϣЩŮʬû˼άֻ֪Ǿ˾ץ˹ȥ
ֻǾ˿зһŭĺ־Ůʬ˫һӣһɨڵģһƬŮʬֱɨ˵ϡ
ʱǰ᪴䶯ӣ˿ԴһǾ˾ҧ˹ֻǾһӣеŮʬǰ᪴߾˹ȥ
ǰ᪴ûкˣſѪڣһӾ͵סŮʬԴҲ˹ֻһŮʬ˿ԴƬȻǰ᪴ȫ̵˶档
һЩŮʬŰ᪴ߺǸΧ˹ȥһʱ䵹˲٣ֻǰ浲ţҲȥ
ǰ᪴ߺ;ڶŮʬסˣźһֻۣǰʱվǲԶĵط
ӣʹ˸ɫԴǰᡣ
ӻعͷһ۾ͿǰǹһĨЦݡ
ӴСӣѽ̧ͷǰ˸к
Һʯͷǰ߳һһǰΧ˹ȥ
ǰİ˱ʽѾ׷ˣڵİ᪴ȻǾ˲һ飬ҴһⰲѾûʲôܹвǵĶˣʱԼ䵥˲ռײռ
ֻǰվԭأϴż˿ƣ룬Ȼղٻǰ˱ʽѾķ˲ٵӦǿ֮ĩˡ
Ǽһϲɵ۸ˣʱϴŻЦǰһȥ˵СӣڹүļͷһүһģȫӣҲԷԾ
˸£ǰӵĻ֮һǵĸһһ˫۾ݺݵĶǡ
ȥү˸̸ܣҪүʺʱǼһѾŭˣһĭǰͳ˹ȥ
˭֪ʱİûܣվһҿƺһĨЦݣȻͼͻȻӣһְֻϣ治֪һʲô
ľٶǶͣľʲôطЩԾǻûǷӦµкȻںĶЩһһӾͲסǵֽţһҲܶ
Щٶ̫죬ͻȻģǸͺ޷һӾȫˡ
ֻȻǸסǰȴûгһƨ˵ϣڵĴϢţͷϵĺˮֱ¡
ȻҲ֪סǵĶʲô⣬ⰲס֮ѾûҲɵһ
үѽб¾͸үĸһѽ͵ϮʲôúѽǼһѾˣŰĽš
ֻǰڵϣ̧ͷһۣðձ˵ұ֤Ҫһ䣬һһȸͷ
ĻǼһһ£ˣʵʵһ仰Ҳ˵
Ǽһһֱŷı׼ǺúǰοҪͷ
Ǽһﰲˣҵͷϸ鿴סǵĶֻЩһɫɿݵ֦ڵðǵֽ֮ϡ
þȫȥѣЩһ㶯ҲûС
̧ͷһԱߵʯͷֻڵĺЩأɫҲЩףȻղҲѾⶫӣӦúһ
⵽ʲôʯͷʵ
֪ӦЩʦһַʯͷҶߵ˵
ҸղСձ˵ʲôľҲͷС˵
ʦĿľּܹľͷƽ⣬ǸѲԾλҪ׷ˡʱǰ̧ͷ˵
ʲôľҸû˵ʯͷһӣҲû˵⣬ҪôƳⶫ治ɵİż
ʱһߵսִһ죬ǰ᪴ߵ˻кǾ˵ĺ
תͷȥֻЩŮʬڼѾʰ˸ɾǶ֫кǰ᪴ߺ;һεײһ
ǰŮʬҲѾ˵ϣȻʱվţҲԵʮֵǱǽڵϲͣĴϢţֻСǰ
ʱ˵ĿⶼǾ˺Ͱ᪴ߣҪȻĲ˭ʤ˭
ֻǾ˺Ͱ᪴ײһ֮˿ֺݺݵײһһûзֻֿǾһֻץס˰᪴ߵһֻͷĳţǰ᪴ԴͣİڶǾ˵һڿڵҧȥ
Ǿ˷һź˹ȥֻߵһֱֱѾǰ᪴߸ҧϵļҲǰ᪴߸еһţȥޱȡ
ǰ᪴ߵҲ˺òȥֻ˿ԴеһѾǾ˸ӲİʱҡӣͣĲҽţȳѪĵǡ
̣֪Ǿ˿϶ˣֻʣһֱۣǰ᪴ȴǻ߿Դôûʤˡ
ҿʱǰעȫھ˺Ͱ᪴ߵս棬ϽĻԼֽţЩסֽŵĸɿ֦ͬһһ
ҼĳͷĴ󺹣ʱʯͷȴͻȻ˵ѪǵѪá
ʯͷĻһ˵ͷԼҧȥǵüӲޱȣҪҧͷһʮѵ飬ҧ˼£۵죬ͷҧˣһѪ̵ŵðЩ֦˹ȥ
ֻҵѪһ䵽Щ֦ϣǷ·һ͵һȻһವһ棬ҲӰ
ʱʯͷҲѾ˿ƣǼһҲϽҧͷס֦˹ȥ
ôܣôܻƵҵķʱǰѾӦˣתͷһԾǡ
үģŪ⼸ɰ֦סүңʶʶүȭ
ǰĪסǸղҧͷʹ࣬ǼһˣһߣӣҪȥǰһͨȭ
˭֪ʱǵִһ죬ͷȥֻǰ˱ʽǾһεײһ𣬹˵ϣ


327 
Ȼڵأͣ˴һҲ˲ǰϽź˹ȥ
ֻǾ˵ֽסȭͷһһµĲͣԴ˹ȥ
ǰ᪴ԭͱ˸εһԴֻʣ߿ţԴŴͣͣķһĺУſǾ˵ҧ˹ȥ
᪴ߵʱĽǾ˸סˣǾ˸ûа취վһΣҾ֪ǾѾˣֻǳŶõ⡣
ֻǾڲܲˣʣµһֲͣǰ᪴ԼԴһǿԴͱҵѪģ
ʱǰ᪴ߵһԴѾſ죬һҧסļȻصһŤֻǲһֱӽΨһұҲ
ֱ۶ϵǾ˿зһҵĺУתۼǰ᪴ʣµԴſ죬ҧ
Ǿ˫ϣѾȫû˵ֿתۼͱǰ᪴߸˺Ƭ˶档
Һʯͷ˶ʯ֮ǰβɵĻ䣬ֲİ᪴Ѿû˶ֻ֡ʣ
ֻǰٺٵЦڵվ˹
ǿֲİ᪴ߣһİҺʯͷɵŬһĭǼһȴǰһһЦĶ԰˵үϺá᲻£ղðͰƨ˰ɣף޽һͳ
һһ˵һߵͷʮһū࣬һŵùǺƨĻ˵Ĳײࡣ
ֻǰֺٺٵЦȻתͷǰ᪴ߡ
ΣǶһΪⰲϾҪð᪴ǣȻ֪򲻹Ҳܾսе
ǰ᪴ȻȥǺ磬һֻԴǾ˸ӲİһŸղҲϡãȥмǱһԴشӦûǰô˰ɣ˵Ŀƴһƴ
˭֪ҵͷոͼǰǰһǰ᪴߾ָ֣ſв֪߶ʲô
תͷӿȥֻǼһһ̯̯࣬˵ˣһһ֪˵ʲô
ŰȥȻʲôľЩԾΪҸоΧһֵ
һΪⰲҪЩڵð֦ǸסϽŵȥǰ㶯ҲûС
ʱǰ᪴ȴǷһʹĺУӺԴͣŤ
ǲ֪ʲôֵǰ᪴ߡ
쿴ԴڳʱǼһȴͻȻһ󺰡
ĻһΪ᪴ߵԴڱ󣬿ϸһûжһ᪴߱Ǿ˸εԴĲȥ
鷢ˣֻԴĲʱһɫΧסС᪴ߵԴ߲࣬᪴ӵŤĿĺȻ³һԴ
ǿű˴õԴȥֻԭѪģԴھȻѾ
ôҪ군ˡǼһʱѾİ᪴ߣ˵
жϺȷǺѳȥˡҽ˽еľ˵
Ǿ͸ģҲҪⶫһԴһڿˮ޺޵˵
Ȼһǰ˹ȥŰָ˵СձҲʮ˴
ǰӸŭ죬дһ˸£
ֻĻո£ǿֲİ᪴߾ŤӣǾͳ˹
ҿųİ᪴ߣиûһʤ㣬ֻžƴУƴҲᱯ硣
ۿǰ᪴ԽԽ˭֪ҪĹͷǶͻȻִһŮ˵һصһ㣬ȥеŮƺһ
Ů˵ִһֵȥȻζʱ
һ޴ĺڶд˳
Ǻͬһͷͻͻֱڵ궼˷Ӧ
ȥĳ־޷ģѲⶴлʲô޴޲ɣ
ֻǳİ֮᪴ͣתŶڣ˿ԴͣŤţ·Ÿղŵĺʾһ㣬ҲͣķһĺС
ҵһİ᪴תȥǼһͨһƨɾ˵ϣղǰ᪴߸ǵѹʵ̫󣬱˵ˣҲоȶһͷ亹ֱ
ʯͷһֻۣҲɫ԰ףͷ亹ǰ᪴ҲһоСѹ
ֻǰ᪴ߵİ˿ԴڶĶǸڣĺţ·ʲôĶһ
вɵİˣⶴ϶һܹ᪴߸еɵĶںѾ˲ˡ
ⶴʲô治ɵİĲ²š
ʱǶͻȻһɫӰӣǰ᪴߾ͳ˹˲佫ӸĲס
ⶫǰסǾ˵ĺɫͷһ᪴߱ס治ɵİˣͷȻ֪ô£Ǿ˸ȥ֮ҲһƤųӦҲ᪴ߺһġ
ֻͷסİ᪴߰˸ԴϵͶ˿ķһŭȻǾͿİһͣһɹɫҺ塣
ֻЩڰ᪴߿ҺЩͷ棬˻˻죬ֻתۼĹЩͷһȫ˿дһŮ˵ľȻЩͷ͵һȫ˶С
ʱǱжŵһŵȳζ˼ĺ㸯֮󷢳ĶһЩԴǰ᪴Һ塣
û뵽᪴߾ȻôһУĿɿڴͷ˶Уʱִǰһ޺ͻζ
ֻǰ᪴ʱ˿ԴͣĻζһȻôŹǣŶ˹ȥ
ǰ᪴һ߽ڣҲȥǲûʹɰǼһԱ߻ϵأߵֻСɲǳصġ
ֻһۣ֪ΪʲôûжǷһҲŶ˽ȥ
ʱ֮ˣӻڵϴڵĴתͷʯͷȥʵô죿
ʯͷǶһۣ˵ȥһŮʯ
Ļҵ˵ͷƣǿɫŮʯʮа˾ž棬ǸղǷеĶʲô
ǶνҸоԼڵ궼Ҳ֪ΪʲôԭתͷӺʯͷʵղĶеʱûʲôо
Ҹоڵǻ˹ڵ۾˵
תͷһʯͷֻҲ˵ͷǣҵиӸо֣ǶǸʲô⣬ΪʲôڵиӦأ
ǽȥɣʱʯͷתͷʵ
ҵ˵ͷȻʯͷĺǰĶȥֻҵȴǲͣھ֮ȥԵúǻڣҸо·˲١
ߵȥֻһţǰûжòȻһǴ
һڶУֽ˼֣һûаǸͷ˺üվ
йִǰ᪴˻У𣬰һĴǵľһ𣬿ĶѾ
ǸϽǰȥǴǲǺԶ
˼ǰһʯǽֻԱһѷ죬ǸϽ˽ȥǰȥ
ֻǰһƬʯ̨ʯ̨ǰûþǺں£ƣҲ֪ж
ֻʱ±ϣվһͷľ޴Ķ
ǶﲻһͷĴҪߴͷϳֻǣһŴ죬ԴȥȻһͷ
ֻⶫȴȥһֻ޴ϻһ㣬ʱվ±ϣݵĶǰİ᪴ߣ


328 m؅
ͷϳ˽ɫëȴźƬֻצӷ쳣ȥݡͬ˵еһ㡣
ֻ޵һִΧ䣬ӸĲס֮⣬޵Ȼһֱ۵棬¶н׳
һ֧һ㣬Ǿ޺ӦòĺʱҲ̣Ϊ¶Ĳ֣Ѿ˺⡣
ΣǶһ벻ݵľ޾Ȼᱻһˣʲô˸ɵģ
m؅벻޾ȻţʱֻǰͻȻڳԾĽ
ĻͷˮתͷʵʿСүm؅ʲô⣿
ϺⶫֵʱҲһҪ˵Ҳ벻ͷ޾ȻǴ˵еĪm؅
ʱ򲻹ӣʯͷҲ˹˵mya؅yuϹޣ˵ĶӣҲϵ񡣱ҲиҲ񳤵ʮֵ񣬺һΣļһm؅ˡ
ȥΪǼһ﷭˷ۣʾʮ
ûƵ֪ˣʵ۱ʾʮֵŭȥɱm؅Σط˷
ȻѪm؅̧ɽصļλʦòҩȻ
˭뵽m؅Ȼ֮󣬾ңɽµˮһοµĹޣϲʳˣ˵Ǳüˡ
˵֮ҲʯͷĲţҲЦһ£ҪǰҲϻЪm؅ִ˵еޣʬǶˡھ˵ڣʲôŵأ
ⲻúôţתͷָǪm؅˵
ҳĬһ£Ȼ󿪿ڶ˵Ǹ˵Ļm؅һαɱɽʦòҩȻôпm؅ڶα֮ɽʦȻˣֻ˴˵ضѡ
Щɽʦð͵͵ֽm؅϶ԼĿģǵĿʲôأ
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Ǿ߹餣ҵûɵĸе˼ֽţЩɽʦðm؅ȻΪػǿڹ餣ǹ浽ʲôm؅ػˣǿɫŮʯ
ʱǰ᪴ԴŪm؅˹ȥֻǪm؅ſ죬һ޴ĺУֻǰצǰһˣһӾͰǰ᪴߸ź˻ȥϵƬĵ١
ֻm؅޴һԾҪ׷ϧǣϱסոֱ䵽˵ϣһʵŭ
аһϧm؅ŵǸһĶӦþǵֻһֱϣȻˣҪǰ᪴Ҳ϶Ķ֡
ֻǰ᪴߱Ǫm؅һ¸ɳȥ֮󣬾Ȼһֳ˹ȥҿǰͷ亹ˣвͣʲôҪֹǰ᪴ߡ
ǰ᪴һުm؅Ƿһ㣬Ͳٻɳ˹ȥ
һ˿ˣǪm؅Ͱ᪴һǴ˵еޣһһ𣬿϶ǲݵľ棬ǰûа취ֹ
ֻֻһײһǪm؅ҧס˰᪴ߵһԴһھ͸ҧϡãǰ᪴ҲûʾβһɨֱҵǪm؅ϲŵĺϣ֧һĳҵŪm؅̽˼֣ȻֻĹֽһ˿
֮ϱֻ޵Ĵ򶷸Ūʯɣƺˡ
ֻǰ᪴һ˻ǰһдһǰ᪴ߡ
ֻһ֮ǰ᪴߱m؅ҧϡõĲϳһɫգۼĹǿԴȻָֻ
ʱǰƺҲ֧Ųסͨһƨ˵ϣϴĺϵְæ𣡡
ֻϺٺٵЦֻСǰһȻǰ˼𽥱
һԭֻССȻ˲ĸߴ׵ľˣݣͬ˵е콫һ㡣
Σһ벻ϾȻôһ֡
ֻСöɵĽ콫֪һéɽܹʱֻСϡ
±ߵĪm؅һֻۣǰ᪴ߵβ͸вϵĳʹ˻ţ治ɵİģȻm؅պգϻźֱסǰ᪴ڼֻСûɵ콫m؅ѴĹǡ
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ʱǪm؅ĺɫ޹ͻȻһĺŮ˵ÿ˶Ƕһ㡣
Ů˵ߣǶһ£Ķǿڹ餣֪ʮа˾žǸڻгֵŮѲû
ǽŵǹ餵ʱͻȻһɫĹâǹ˳
İɫâ˸оһůмֵĺ䣬ɫĹâʹͺĪm؅ϡ
ֻǪm؅һɫĹâסͱһֻ˳Сèһſڵϣ۾Ҳһ˿ʹ֮ɫ
еİɫâһǪm؅ǹâչֱ֮ݣǰ᪴߻ֻСóɵ콫һŭ
ұm؅򲻹᪴ߺֻСأɵһ¹˭ֻһء


329 
ֻǰ᪴ߺֻСûɵ콫Ǫm؅ͳ˹ȥǪm؅һ󶶶ϵ춯ſѪŭһĵǵĵ
һٻֻСȷ˹ֻһһҽǪm؅Χм䣬ȭͷȥ
ֻǪm؅ֻСµȭͷһֻǽĶмİ᪴ߡ
죬ֻСûɵ콫ȭͷݺݵҵǪm؅ϣǪm؅ֻǻζһ£Ȼ󷢳һֻ̧ǰצųİ᪴߾ץ˹ȥ
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ֻǪm؅ŭһԱһֻСĹ˻ٶȿľˣȻͼ̧ǰצһӾͽһֻСû콫˵ڵϡ
콫һҵ˵ϣɢȥİССǪm؅ſ죬һھҧסСԴһ¾͸ҧ
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Ͼ칥ѽǰڵϣϽСٻزɵĴ󼱡
˭֪ȴǶŰҡҡͷû˵˼ѾˣԼСƴûš
˸£ʱǰŭһɫ
ǰ᪴ʱֽһǪm؅һγ˹ȥǸոճ嵽ǰͱǪm؅һ˵˵ϡ
ֻǪm؅᪴߸ѹϣſԴͽҧȥֻһĹǰ᪴ߵԴѾϵ
ǰ᪴Ҳ򵥣βĲסǪm؅ӣұԴͣҧȥһͽǪm؅ҧı˺
ձ᪴߾൱һĴڣǰֻǰٻİ᪴ߵһƲл꣬İ᪴߱Ҫ̫Զ
Ǫm؅ȻϹޣϲźֱסҲǴǰֻ޽ǽţ˸ѽѷ֡
ֻڵϴ򶷣Ūô֮ϵʯӵɽƺˣǪm؅Ȼ᪴߸ҧıˣһֱѹǰ᪴ߴǰ᪴ߵԴѾ㱻Ҫһ룬ֻʣĿţȥѾǿ֮ĩò˶þͻսܡ
ֻǰʱִһ˸£
ȻתͷһߵϣԹ֮ɫ
һϲϸղŲæѾǰмǺˣȥһҲһദˡ
˶ǺˣĶܾ˲źã氵뵽
ۿǰ᪴߾Ҫֻުm؅ʰ˭֪ʱǰȴͻȻһذס
ͰС첲СȵӣѲҪȥƴǪm؅һβ;ɨ
ǽȴÿ˶Ŀɿڴֻǰذףȴûվһ֣ذ׾ȻԼ۾Ϳȥ
һһʧķ˲ɣ򲻹ҪԲ
еذ׼Ϊķһȥ͵Ѫ۵һ˳
ֻĿзһƺߣɫʱòҰףһûԼͣѪ˿ڣǶеذףϵֱ۸
ҲѣСձҪǰԥԼֱ۸ľٶǼһŵõһ
ֻǰڰӶѾѪȾˣȥΪˣʯͷҲûС
֪ձ˶ȽϺݣû뵽һȻôݣһֱۿȻ۾գһ£֪Сձװ׵ĿԼֱۣʧķˣӣʧķ裬ôһԼĿġ
ֻǰԼϱۣв֪һʲô֣Լǰ᪴߾˹ȥ
ǲ֪Ҫʲôɴ۾
ֻǰֱ۶ȥ֮󣬿вͣȵֱ۽Ҫҵ᪴ߵϵʱ򣬰۾͵дһ
Űĺֱ淢һ죬Ȼڿֱӱ˿һźɫѪ
ֻѪ䵽˰᪴ߵϣ˻˻ȻЩѪⲻ˼ȫǰ᪴ߵ档
ʱİ᪴߿зһŭʣµĿԴ߸ߵУҷ۾ھȻѪɫ
ѪʱߵʯͷͻȻ˵
ʲôѪֵתͷʵ
ֻʯͷ˵ѪձʦһǵʿԼѪŪֽӷֽĵֻЩձõԼѪ⣬ѪҲ⡣
ʯͷĽͣҺӶһǼһ￪˵ҲѵСձĹݡ
ֻǰ᪴һմϰѪ֮۾ͨ죬еĺҲǰ࣬һֻͨһǪm؅ȻһӱƷ˵ϣʽʱת˹
ֻǰ᪴ԼĽǪm؅סֻԴͣҧȥǪm؅ȻڷĵֿӶѾסˣѾ·磬һϵ˿ֶ˲٣ȥҲ̶á
ΣавãǪm؅ѾŲ˶ˣջ᪴Ӯˡ
ǲ
ֻڵϴ򶷣Ǫm؅һǰȱǰ᪴߸Ӳĸ
ֻǪm؅зһŭʣµһֻǰצͣǰ᪴ץţѾû˶
ǰ᪴Ȼ˺ۣ˿ԴֻʣĿţѾռϷ磬ʤϾͻ
Щջ˵ЩСձȻm؅ǵĶ֣Ҫʲô취ܱǸҵǿŮʯأ
˭֪ΪѶʱֻǪm؅ĿǴһ޴ĺУûаҸһϡ
ֻm؅ϾȻɢһ㵭ɫĹâǹâm؅ðɫĻһ㣬Ҫǣǰ᪴ƺım؅ϵĻյһֽһɿ˲סӡ
ֻǰ᪴߷һֵĺУź˻ȥʱǪm؅ѾڵվܵĪm؅зһŭһţ˹ȥ
ЩǪm؅ȻкֱסϾǴ˵еޣô׾ͱǰ᪴߸ܵģ
ֻǰ᪴˻ûһףֱӱm؅˵˵ϣȻǪm؅һҧס˰᪴ߵĶӣĽ˹ȥ
ֻ᪴ߵĿвͣķһĲҽУĿԴǪm؅ҧȥ
ֻǪm؅ðɫĻ棬·ȼһ㣬ϵһһӾͶ˿
Ǫm؅û᲻֪Լҧǰ᪴ߣ͵̧Դź˦˹ȥ
ֻǰ᪴ߵӾȻһ˦ķ¾͵ȥ
ʱ򿴵һѪڣǰ᪴ǳ׵군ˣm؅Ҫʰǰˡ
˭֪ǰ᪴߸ոյµһ˲䣬һںĶ˳ವһӾ;Ǫm؅ϡ
ҿĶǱģǰ᪴ߵһβͣⶫȻm؅˦ȥǲģҲҪǪm؅
ڵĪm؅ֻʣȣϻ˿ڣһӾͱǰ᪴ߵβ͸ӡ
ǰ᪴ߵٶȷǳ죬Ǫm؅ֻ£ͱһȥգۼֻ޶ѾӰܳʱ䶼ûֻص˭Ҳ֪¾ж
˻һۣе𾪣벻ֻ֮һսȻˣֱЩ˼顣
ʱǰһƨ˵ϣԼĶϱ۴£˿ڴѪʱֹסˣֻ԰׵֪϶ۡ
ڵϴڵĴϢţзЦźתͷȻǲĵط˵Сѣöزصˣ
ĻǾ֪ⰲ϶֪ǸˣٲȥҲûʲôҪҺʯͷҪȥû뵽Ǽһȴһ˳ȥ
ȻͼһָŰҲүСձǹƨûˣԼֶˣүأСҰһֱֻҲϡ
ֻǰӵĻûлش𣬶ǹЦȻԴһᣬԱһָ˵ϵԲῴҵֱ۸ϵġ
ֻϴһ˿Цݣ˵ͷ԰˵Լǡ
Ļ£Ǳɽ콫Сһǰһ
Ǽһ￴İ᪴ߵ£ԼҲһֱۣҪʹˮһӰϸˣ̧ͷһǱҪ߳һĽ콫Ŭһĭһ˵ղֻǿЦҶˣɱɱĶ಻ã˵ǲү
ҺʯͷǼһΣգǰ˹ȥվ
תͷϣһ·ΣգܶͶ㣬һֱڱʵȻڸⰲһҲһģ仰˵ǹģΪ˼Լéɵʹࡣ
ֻСûĽ콫ǿһӵŰˣϺ𣬱ϵҶйˣʲôǺ˼ұ𼤶⻹ʦֶأ
Ǽһһߺһ߳˳ҵ䡣
˭֪ϻû˵ʲôǰȴͻȻ֣Ϻϵס֡
ĻЩֵĿһֻۣСͣĨһͷϵ亹Һʯͷȴֵǰ֪ڸʲô
ֻǰĿзЦݣȻ󿪿ڶ˵λСܵطҲΪǿŮʯɣ
ⲻϻΪʲôǾΪʲôľձˣⰲĻ֮ûİ˻ȥ
˭֪ǰȴûЦȻ˵ǴȻͬǶͬһĿ꣬ǣǿŮʯͲǰĹײ档
ȻھͻǿŮʯǹײ棬׿ȷϣҵлЩļֻЩ벻׵ǣⰲΪʲôЩ
ҸЩĿĺܼ򵥣ֻӦˡʱİȴ˵һ˶ϵĻ


330 
ǰĻסˣһûӦǼһдҲİ˱ڣӵ飬λûѰɣ
ʱҲӦ˹ǰһۣ꣬Ҷ˵ҲСձģΪйˣ
˭֪ҵĻû˵꣬ǰȴͻȻ̧֣ҵĻȻ˵ǿŮʯײ棬ȥǲԶǲֵĻ˭Ҳòǿʯͷ
Щ֡ʵΪʲô
ֻǰָָͻʯ֮ϵľ޴餣˵ΪŮ׵Ĺ餡
ʲôŮ׵ģͷˮʵ
ֻǰٺٵЦż˿ĳζȻ˵йĹ£û뵽ȴҪձǡ
ĻҵһƬ̣ⰲ˵ĺеɶļһ֪ȷʵҪࡣ
ԣ
תһ뵽ĲͷձйѹŮʯصĹżϼѹһգȫձҾ֪Ҳûط֪ⰲȻҸ顣
ߡǵ϶ȥձҵ֪ȥǰ˵
ҵĻǰ˸ټ⣬Ƕ˵طϹŵʱĲ䣬סĶǹһ壬ÿһ춼ѡĴŮΪŮպҲһŮ
ҵ˵ͷֲطͳǸŮˣԭôһ¡
ʱǰ˵Ϲ塣ÿ˼ǶĸԴǿɫŮʯ
⣬ǲɵĴһ˵ŮʯȻ˵һ嶼ӵ
ǿŮʯҲ͵֮ǶȨ֮ϣŮܡ
˵ǰ˶٣Ȼ˵ԭɽ֮У˶ϵķϢҲͱԽԽǿҰҲԽԽòҩȻުm؅Ҫ̲ΧĲ䣬ϧǣһȴŭطһƬѩأһҲʧ䡣
˰ĻͻȻ˺ֲܶ࣬طһƬѩأԭȡ
뵽һ̧ͷǰ˵ձ˵Ǻ񣬵ǵԣҲõ˱ӦֻҪ˵Ķ࣬û塣
˸£ǰҵĻ֮ŭĺһһʮֵѿ
ҸͲЦǼһ˴Ĵָ˵ʿСү˵úã⻰˵ǿˡ
ʱֻǰһŬԼƽҺɣⰲİ˱ʽͰ᪴ҪڵĻ϶Ҹ˺Ƭ
ǲҪЩνҪľҪŮ׵Ĺ餣ǿʯͷȡʱ˵
Ļһ£ϸ룬ȷʵΪŮʯŽɽֻǵĿĲǵõǿŮʯΪֹձ˵õŮʯȫûеȥǰŮʯȡ
ⰲЦ˵̴ˣǲҪõǿŮʯֹǵõڸòŸǺ
˭֪Ҹո˵꣬ǰȴǺٺٵЦȻ˵õǿŮʯѲҲȥ𣿡
˵ʲôʱʯͷǰһĶǰʵ
ֻǰǺٺٵЦȻ˵ǹײ治ŮʯгȥͨҪȥͱ餡
ƭ˭ӲŲһأⰲĻǼһ˵ֻԵЩ顣
ȥͨ棿Щɵǰȥ
ֻһһɵı飬Լ֣˵ҰԭմģаԾ򽣴Ĳú
ģиƨãƭƭСӻУҪǷĶ飬ү˼ٻˡǼһ￪˵
ĻҺʯͷһ£˹ȥȱǰ϶ûٷģҲ֪һﶼƭʲôˣôô׾ûһˡ
ƺʶԼ˵ˣǼһһ죬Һʯͷ͵ǶǸģܵ棬ҾСձںǡ
ҳ˳ӵ䣬Ҫ˵ˣմձһձʦǷմΪ񣬶ձȻզǶۣĶǺصģⰲղǶǵմ񷢵ģͷɵ˼֡
ϱı仯ǰЦЦȻ˵ǻŵĻҲûа취
㣬ֻײѲʲôŹ֣Ҷ԰ʵ
ʱЩɫӿͷǹײŮ˵Ц֪ڹײľԲ򵥣ҪȻⰲѾǹײôûȥȡǿŮʯҪˡ
ŮĹ餣˵Ů֮ǰһƿҩòѹڹײ棬ǿЩͷġǿھ޴Ĺ餣һ֣ص˵
ĻҺʯͷӶһۣɵĵһЩͷжǿۿģҪǴ򿪹ײİŮųǻˣ
ˣϵСҲһֻ򿪹餣ǸԸǸŮ
˵һ٣Ȼһֹһۣ˵ҿĳǵƺһʮǿ֣


331 
˰ĻҳһһȻûп꣬Ҳڵ쳣
תͷʯͷֻĬƬ̣Ȼص˵ͷ
ʯͷͬ⣬ǰõģǾִ˵
ҿͷȻӦһֱ㣬Ȼ鷳ôⰲʰҹǰҲôġ
ҪʲôŰʵ
ǹ嵱ȻܹƳҩǪm؅ȻҩΪުm؅ƵģҩԺܴ˸Ͳܷã⵽Ǵ֮ŮҡԲŷⲻҩһûʶĻˣӡУûг
ǿڹײģһʼֵĺɫתͷŰʵһʼͷŮģ
ֻ˵ͷЩ֣ŮͷôΪʲôǽ֮ȴһҲûǷ
ԭϺһеʣЦ˵ΪһʱЩֶΡŮͷҳ
ҳһ˵ⰲԭȻ򵥣Ҳ֪õʲô취ȻŮͷ
ϵ鷳ǹ餸򿪰ɡʱ򰲱ԭתͷ˵
ĻֻվŲƮƮʯͳ˹ȥ
ҿֳֽڿڴͳһŷֻֽСûɵ콫վ±ߡ
ֻϳʯӸ߸ߵԾһӾվǹ棬ȻдһһͿ˹֮ϡ
ŮĹҲһֻеĳͣĿȥðĻǣӦϡ
ʱֻڹײдһ̧ţһžߵ˹ײ棬Ǻؾ޴ĹײĸǾȻߵ÷һ죬Ȼź滬˹ȥ
ײĴ򿪵һ˲䣬ϵ˵Ӿһֻһ㡣źٵķ˻㵽ԼС
ҿǰԭһֻۣɢȵĹâĶǰĹ餣ȻǸֳһĨŹֵЦݡ
ԭϵЦݣľЩԾʱѾˣΪһŮЦǹ֮
֪ЦһǸŮģϽתͷǹȥֻһɫĹâڹ
ǹâ׵ҫۣȴ˸оı䣬̲ס˸£ʱȴǰ˾Ȼ۾в֪߶ʲôҲûȥǹһۡ
ľЩԾֻȫ벻ͨ˾Ҫʲô
ʱŮЦҲ˲ϺͰԭתͷǹ˹ȥ
ֻаɫĹâֱ壬ֵֻǣƬ֮âȻһʼɢ˿ɢһ΢Сİɫ㡣
ʲôĵӰ𣬵ؼѽɢİɫ㣬ԾĴ
ʱǹִһŮ˵ЦǽĶŹ餣ҴľŮҪˡ
Ծŵʱ̣ߵʯͷȴͻȻһҵ䣬Ҷ˵
ҸϽתͷʵô飡
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һתͷʯϵĹȥǹͻȻʧһ㣬ŨŨ֮С
ҷЩһ΢Сİ׵㣬ɢΧȥͬһ㡣
ղŻܿŮĹأգ۵ĹѾʧˣ⵽ô£
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˭֪תͷʱԱȴѾûʯͷӰӣҴһղʯͷǸҰŵģһҪʲôж϶ȸҴкôôأ
ΪʯͷڵסˣԱץһ£ǿտҲʯͷѾڣһһˣϽתͷһȥǱԭվǼһ
ǵתͷǿտҲǼһҲʧˡ
ʱڼˣ֪϶ˣǰĺûκ˻شңĿЦ
ŮģȥģҵĻһ㼦ƤҸеܵǣŮЦ˷һҸоŮʱΧҵߡ
ѵģ
һ֪ˣ̫ΣգҸϽͷʵиоŽķǰ˹ȥ
ǽĳҸղվĵطԶҲͲʮף˭֪˰ٶಽǰ˰ɫ֮⣬ʲôҲûС
һĻˣ˵ôܣҸղſļǵͨҵôûˡ
ʱлңתͷԱһξ룬ûʲôȻֳһߣߣҵķѾȫˣŪԼڵںδˡ
վԭأ˵ȥǰ취³ûҵҾҪˣҪ취ѽ
ڿڴͳһѷֽЩֽʱȼҵһЩȼŵķֽʱһſŻǰ˹ȥ
ұΪܹⷽɢǸİɫ˭֪ȻܹɹȼյķֽһȥʱͱŨŨûӰһöûС
Ҿ֣ԭ˰죬ͷеһ˿⣬ΪֹѾûκεİ취Ѳɾط
ʯͷӣȥˣִʯͷӣŨŨ֮ȴûа


332 
ãȻվ֮УȻ򿪹ײĸʱǰԭЦݣйײеİ׹ʱǰԭϷľٶ
һһ֪ײĴ֮ᷢʲô飬ǰԭôĻΪ˸֣Ǹ´ˣ
ǰԭİ˱ʽͰ᪴߶ѾϵˣԼҲһֱۣϵСȻֻʣһֻڸƴĻ¹˭ֻĲ˵ǰŻùưǸ
ǰԭ֪ײĴ֮ᷢʲô£Ҳһ֪ƽİ취˵ǼһڰûͷĲӬһתء
뵽治ɵŭģĽеԭҲʮ˴ڣ
֮ûа˼ɤӣҲˣû˻ӦҲûʲô˼һƨ˵ϣľΧܵΣգֱ㶵ǰ
ڵ˰ɿ֮ʲôãֻվӣûͷĲӬһţԭ±ǱһƬޱ޼ʵƽԭһƾʲôߣǰľɫһֻŨŨ
ʱɵˣĽʲô˴һܣܣΪͲ֪ԼںδһֻʲôΣգоǱ˸ŵƿеһҵͷ˾
ԽͷԽҲ̲סˣʯͷ˵֣ĴƾҺ˺Χǰ㶯ҲûС
־ĸоֱҷˣ֪ԼͿҪˣϽԼݺݵơ䣬ƽ
ʱҸоԼǰɫɵ΢΢һĳһӰ
ǺӰ֮Ȼòֱܹһˡ
ֹطͻȻӰȻЩͬʱҲ˽䱸СĵǰʱӰĸ˺Ȼʯͷ
һʯͷӰֻҲ֪֮еζжܡ
ֻڵʯͷңվԭأ֪ڿʲôҿд󺰣ʯͷ⣡ܾ˹ȥ
ʯͷûҵĺһһҲûжҿҪߵǰʱľòԾվסӡ
˵ıӰȻʯͷĺ񣬿һ߽Ҳŷ֣˸Ͳʯͷ
ʯͷǼһϲĬƽʱȥЩģǰʯͷȴǹڱ䣬ҿ͸оԼ񿴵һһ㣬Ҫǣûзһ˿
˭վڡʯͷıľСĵĽ䱸ţʵ
ֻǡʯͷûжĿȴǷһЦ
һЦҵͷͷһûΪЦͲʯͷģһŮ˵
Ů˵ЦҲİǹײŮЦ
ڽŵ˼㣬ԼŮˣ϶ûкùӳԡ
ֻǰ桮ʯͷӰı䵭һǰѾʯͷһɫŮӣŮӱңתͷ
һһһ£ҺӶǹ߷ʱһŮһȻúԶҺɱòˡ
Ů˼վţҶ˺ҵѾһƬհס
ֻŮǣôЦҴ˹
˲ɫȻŮƯĲˣ֪²ͷҪܣֵǣƾôҵȴһҲˡ
Ů˵ԽԽϵ亹·ʪˣôŬ嶼ˣֻÿЦһ£ѾˣƯŮܱʲôµĹҪõöࡣ
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ʱҸǰﻹʲôŮȫһ߸ɿݶѾڵʬ壬Ҿҧ˹
Ҳ벻˲ֱӵŮͻȻĵĶҪҵϣҸŵһҪ֫Ӳ¡
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дһ֪ԼοҪ군ˣǶĵһ۶࿴ı۾ҧ
˭֪ʱҸоԺкȻһ޴ȻҸоһԼֳ˹̲ס̧ʱҲ۾ֻǿֲĶҵȴҲǰ˷ֺΪҵǰ
ֻҸоֵǣֵסǶȴһоûУǵſһ㡣
Ҳ֪ô£ָֻоЩ죬ֻǻûü֣һɰҵֱϴ˹ҵӿ˳ȥ
һҵǰͷһ죬ֻԭҵĶĵĶǱĲһһӾһƬһƬġ
ʱҸоԼܶˣֻղŸŵȷʱҲסˣͨһƨɾ˵ϡ
ֻǶĵĶ屻Ƭֵǲûһһɢգۼ뵽˰ɫ֮УҲ˰Ӱ
֪ղڵԼҸеֵĻǸƬĹǰİɫӿһ뷨ѲҸղſĹֻһֻ룿ҪȻΪʲôҰ֮ûһк


333 þ
뵽һ㣬Ҳɵİ˵ͷǶʵĻղһ²ܰƬȫɢǾֻһͣǾǸղŵĶʵڵĶֻһ
뵽еûһʼôˣǾڵϣеͷβĶһ顣
ϴ򿪹ײĸ֮ͷɿĺˣȻͰԭ˶۾ҿл֪ʲô⣬һʼʱҾ;Щ֣ӦĹؼ
Ǹԭ϶֪ײĴ֮ᷢʲô飬һʼǾ׼
뵽ŨŨİɫһۣɵĿЦһ£벻ǲ֪ľǰԭĵǰһУǰŨֻǻѣ仰˵ڿһжǼٵġ
ԭ֪ײĴ򿪣ǵ׹ʱسֻ˸Իϲű۾ʲô֪֪С
ҿЦһ£Ȼ֪ǰһжǼٵģȴ֪ôȥƬŨҲһͻƿڡ
ڵȻûһģҲԴУڻߣ˵ܹŨ֮е
ҸովŨִ֮ЦǸŮġһ㶼ûᣬһǰ˹ȥ
Ҳͣţ˷ͣתţǸͿһ˿ϣʱ̧֣ͣЩɫԼָƮȻԼ춯
ղҿǸһӰΪʲôǶŨ֮У
ҵüͷǹǰֻһԭǾǰ˵ĳ־ûֻ
֤һ㣬ǾƬһǱĳ˻ĳ־ڿơ
뵽һһ뷨ղǹﱻڵһӺƬôûпܣƵƬŨ
ƬŨŮĹײĴ֮ǵ׹ʱųֵģԿƬģʮа˾žǸײеŮ
뵽һ㣬Ȼ֪ɫԴͷҪࡣ
ĬĿھҵҸоһֲڵÿһ淭ڣЩҾУڱһһҵڲͣת
ҪǸ˴ܵĻڿ϶ԥľһȭ˹ȥҵǰûеˣֻããԸû
ҸоڵѾȫѣ˿񱩵ʱſ죬һ
Ǻҵһ֮
ֻߵİɫ˿ȥһУ֮дһ˿ʹ࣬Ůġ
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ǵĺ֮ҵĶ洫һ죬ȻǰĿռǱƵľһһһ˿ΧҵİɫҲʧ
ĿɿڴǰΣֻվ±ϣֻԱ˼ѣʯͷҲԶһãȻҡ
˻࿴һۣЩǱ֮⣬Ӷûʲô⣬ҸϽĴһ£±ѾϺͰԭӰ
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Сձ͹ȥˣʱҲѾʧϺͰԭɴ۾ʵ
̾Ϣһղһʱ⣬ǰԭУһ·ˡ
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ŵߵʯ棬ʱʯͷڿ˼£Ȼ󿪿˵Ǹձ˺
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ȻޱȵʧǻǰȥûþŮĹ֮ǰ
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ֺɫľ϶ʮҪط˲֪ˣȥµһ
Χż򵥵ͼǼӣҿ˰ҲûȻֻ̧ͷȥĪżֽš


334 ɽ
Ůĺпܾǰڹ棬̧ͷţĸемֵĽš
ǿ쿴ʱǼһͻȻڽ
ĻһΪʲôأȴӲ֪ʲôʱܵ餵ĺȥˣʱԴǽлš
ҺʯͷϽź˹ȥֻӴʱ餵ı棬ҺʯͷҲϽȥΣɵĵһ
ֻ餵ı沢Ǻɫľͷһ׵赣赸һ濴ļһģһ
ʱǵжȵĹâѲǳȥͨܽͻصһʵ档
ûжǽĶʯΪ֪ʯǳȥͨĻô϶б仯
Ȼϣûжãʯ滺ĸֳһͼͼ⹬Ĵ֮ǰ
ǳȥĶӿ˵ĽȻ˵ʲôǸϽȥ˵
Һʯͷûж̧ͷŹײ˹ȥ餿϶ŮĹɣֻǿŮʯ֪ûбԭϸߣǱҪ֤ʵһ¡
ȥʱʯͷҺ˵
Ȼź˼͵ǰ˹һԾ˫ץס˹ײĵĶ˫һӾͷȥ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôкȻӿһǿҵԸʮҪۿһײеŮǶ˵ӣæȥȥ
ǼһҵĻ֮һ£治֪һʲôȻӣҸϽһļȥ
ոȥӴĳҺţʿСүʲôֵǮı˳
ȻǼһеĴҸûŹ档
Ȼ޴󣬵ʲôƷûУǾһµŮӣŮ޷ݣҼεŮ
ֻŮڹײм䣬۾ıţȥ˯һ㡣ӿһɳ嶯ȥһߡ
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337 ձ˵Ŀ
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ȰʬãЩͷ۵һԱߵСЩⶫҪô죿ѲԺҾҪߣ
ҰǸǵСľ֮Сһֱңڹ֮еʱСɽ׾˵һĻҿǿֻ֪ϧǣ̫ˣûиҪôԦС
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Ҳʮֺ棬˵ĶʮʱƵĽϹƣҲ֪ʲô֣ľڻ˳


338 Ѫ
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ʱʯͷ˶ΧңĶź档
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˵ĽϹƣ˵ഫ֮֮ǰѡֶ棬ȻЩȫŵһ棬ɱĶƹƳ档
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ǸƳ棬ЩԾ˵ôô֣ϻʮʱƳˣȴѲʲôŹ֣
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ʱҵĶִ˵ŤͷһֻǺɫĹƳ治֪ʲôʱַɻҵߣҵļϡ
䵽ҼϣһһƨɾϣղӺľʹȻܹѪԸ⣬꼸ظͺΪټӲҲӲǳëֵĵ
ӿǺɫĹƳ棬ŵԶһ㣬ߵǳëֵĵǰ棬۾ŸձĶƣͻڴţ벻СôһӰ͸ˡ
Ҳ˹ȥǵ˹ȥ渲źıѩЩѩ֪˶ˣ͸ʯͷһӲˡ
Ŀһ£׶õҲҪ죬ҼϵСһȴգ۵Ĺ͹ȥˣô쵽ģ
ʿСүļ񵽱ˣǼһֻ۾·Ҫһ㣬ĶҼͷϵĹƳ棬˵ĽʯͷĶǹƳ棬ӶܸȤ
ҺٺٵЦһ£û뵽ҵľȻôĶֻǺɫģƺٽнˣӦýѪϲࡣ
ղѪԼѪʱָоͷ΢תͷѪϣĬĬ˵
ֻѪϷ·õе뷨һСԴ˳ȶ˵ķҵǰ


339 ɽ
ҿŷǰѪϣֿһǸһһѪ˵һӵžͷ˹ȥ
ѪϵٶȿĸࡣӸӦҲѪֻżһ￪Цѡ
ֻѪϼӵıӼͣʱӲǷӦգһ۾ͨһƨɾ
ʿСүѽǼһɫ԰׵ڵϣҴĺ
ҿһӾ֪ŵòᣬæЦ˵ЦЦֻҪѪ
ǼһҵĻҪˣ˵ʯͷܴ͸ʵ飬ĲҪҵӿûѽʿСү
ٸһһѪϷ˻Ȼҵָڿвͣתתȥҵļϡ
飬ѾѪϵĲݷⶫͨԲʮֵķ㣬ֻҪͷһѪϾͻɳȥ
ô۵СܺľͰѵ͸Ȿֱ̬ѪϣԺˣֻҪҵһתۼܰѶ͸Ǽ񵽱ˣ
һǸСȻСҲʮⶫϾƵģһһģȥͲûѪϿɰˣˣѾûˣֻôˡ
ҺʱʯͷѾʼĴĴʱָ߷˵ձˡ
ĻҺӲǻعˣѪŪãˣŮʯڰԭУҪϽҵСŮʯȥ
˳ʯͷָķ׷˹ȥԭߵĵ·ǽĵ·෴ķ֣Ѳɳȥĵ·෴
Щձ˴ĻǵĵõŮʯΪ˸ǵ᪴ߣԸײߣֻҺĻЩձҪõĶǶʲô
Ȼ֪ǶʲôЩձ׼˼ʮ֪꣬˷˶ǶһǼΪģҪľǼֹЩձˣ
ѩһ޼ʣұΪǰԭ߲֮죬Ӧú׾׷˭֪׷һ죬ûмⰲԭӰֻѩϵ㼣
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ڶһ磬һ򵥵ĳ˵㶫ǰ׷ʱǰڲããһ޼ʵİɫѩأǳɽ壬ɽֻһϿȣɽϻĿɫֲ
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ĻҺӶɵ÷ָ˵ôãҵȥĵ·ˣֻǰԭû׷Щż
ȻżѾѾ̫ˣɽûҲ֪ûʲôԻϢһȥ׷ǰԭ
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ιܲŪҰζüûĳԹˣܵŤͷʯͷʵ
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ĻҺһϽϸţղûע⣬ʯͷĻǲŷ֣طȻһûУҲûУŵһƬ
ְҵе㷢飬ɵӣ߿˿С˵ղŻûоĵеаš
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340 
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ߵʯԱߣʯȻҶߣǼʯɵĵҲȥ
תͷЩƷȥֻм״Ǳҵ󣬿ϴһһжǱŴһ㣬˸Ͳá
Ҳ٣ⶫҪͷ˲ѽʱһ䡣
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ҵĻһ£Ҳ뵽ЩˣǼһǺܴһȦ档
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еˮʱһɫ粻ͣڿ£غĲͣĶⳡ濴զ಻ѡ
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ǿ쿴ʱǼһﾪһָŶǽе
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Щ˶ĸߴľˣż׵ĳìۼڶƬյϡ
һͻȻôˣҸһ˵ʲôЩôͻȻðģ
Ҳҳתͷʯͷһֻۣʯͷüͷ壬һۣȻתͷ˵õģЩֻӰѡ
ʯͷĻȥŷ֣ЩͻȻֵľ˻Щһ꣬һҲûܵЩ˵ϣЩ˲ͣȥеĻڴ˵ʲôȴһҲǰֻӰӣˣ
֪϶ɽȵĵ⣬ĳضĳ֮±Щһξڳǵǰ
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ȻûжãЩתɽȵĳȥǰӰҲʧ
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ĻһЩס岢ԶʮֵǿЩ˾ס岻Զĵطؾܵ۸ʱĻֶʮֵȷǿʳСĿ϶ܵ衣
ȻЩ˵ĸߴô㲻ƣǵ̫ǿЩظͲԶ֡
Щսڹ棬ǵܲķֻ̫Ծʧܶա
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ֱһɱЩĸûöþͱЩͶĳǹȫ̵ڵϣѪɺӣеһʱûȥͣڵгʹ;
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Ҳ٣ΣǼһﵹһź˼ҸоθһĶģתͷʯͷһֻۣɫ΢΢ףȻǰĻҲоʮֵĲ
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״̬ʮֵĲã׷ˣͷ۵һҲûУǻŬд£ȡдһ㣬Ҽ£


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ҸϽ˹ȥʱҲңһ˻˵ʿСү
֪һǷʲôϽ߹ȥϵĴ꣬ϵ忪˲٣ʱϵ֮УȻ¶ڰɭɭĹ⡣
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طǵŮɱ帾ĵطǼ¶Ĺͷ˵
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ΣҴһСģ
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Σ˵ǼһҪ군Ҹûа취ȥвɵĴ󼱡
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ǱڵصһɹŴһ죬ǻ·
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342 ιˮ
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֪ǰëֶĺڵľˣҹ˲Щʯͷֻüͷţʹɫ
ʹӣҸоһʹ֪һղΪ˾ң϶ˡ
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ǵ˿ںѪͣƤⷭȴˡ
һʯͷ˿ڡҵ۾ͺˣΪ˾Ҷǰëָ˳Ҹоޱȵķŭ
ʱǰëַһУȻĽŲ˹
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ҸСٻһ˵ȴͻȻҵĶ棬˵ҵļ洫ġ
һвɵһϲһһֻޱȵѪϣ
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ֻ۵һѪֱӾһѪ˽ȥֻǰëֵ͵һ飬Ҳû˶
ֻѪԴһ߿˸˵ķɵҵĸǰҼϡ
תͷһۼϵѪϣֻͨ죬Ҳ֪ûմѪһղⶫǰëֵĶӺԴ涼Ҿ;Щġ
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һıӰʺһװĴүתͷŵϵʯͷ˹ȥֻǼһɫ԰ף촽ѾɵѿˣҪȵˮ
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ԥʱʯͷŤ˼£üͷ¶һ˿ʹ֮ɫ
ӣ̾Ϣһô˵ҲΪ˾ҲܵôصˣҲֻιˡ
ҰʯͷӲ෭һˮȻյĿڱߣĶ˹ȥֱһˮιȥſá
ҸϽˮڣҲ˵ȥ
˭֪ʱǼһȴǴһЦ˹Աߣ˵ϵʯͷһۣȻңзٺٵЦ
һı飬Ҿ֪ղſ϶ûȥǶһ͵ˣһһЦݣҲɵͷŭһѪ˵һҵļϷ˳ȥͣӵıǼϡ
Ǽһû뵽ҾȻôͷŵùֽһźͷ˹ȥȻźܡ
ٶٿҲ첻ѪϣôܣֻѪһֱ˵ķš
Ǽһ۳һɴͨһƨڵϣ˵ʿСү֪ˣɡ
ǼһҪſˣһֻѪַɻҵļϣ俴һӣ˵Ҫ˵ȥҾѪ档
ҵвǼһŰˣİ˵ұ֤Ҳ˵ȥ


343 
ӵı֤Ƴһһۣ˵ʵһı֤һšܲѪ꼸һڵ̬Ҿ٣ʱŹһ
̧Ĩһͷϵ亹˵˵ʿСүԺǧ𶯲ľкѪˣ̫̬ҸͶס
ûһŵϵʯͷһֻۣˮ֮ɫȸղҪÿĶˡ
ҺڻԱ߼򵥵ĳ˵㶫ҹҺһû꣬ҲûʲôĶܳ
صϰҹڶһ硣һ˯Ժʱ򣬾ǼһϣѹˣʿСүˣû°ɡ
һӵҾ֪ʯͷѾ˹ϽڵʯͷһֻۣſڵϣЦЦ
ҿɫȻǺܲ԰ףѾ˵Ѫɫ֪ںתɵһߵǰʵû˰ɣ
ʯͷѿЦЦ˵ϵ˲£˿Ҫźá
ҵ˵ͷûһǸ˫ۣϵĶ˵лл㡣
ʯͷû˵ǺǺǵЦҰ˰֣Ȼ˵
һǰǸʯͷڱҪöˣٿȥЩζǻǲ࣬һ䲻ֻ֮ʣɵЦˡ
ԽԽøмԺлҲҪһתͷһ룬ʯͷҲֹһˣⱲҲˡ
ϼ򵥵ĳ˵㶫ʯͷڻ·Һֻõ̧ǰţһ·ʯͷͣñţһҲҲǰԭζͺۼ
ʱ˶ͷˮѲǰԭϿ֮һ·
Ͽ߶Ƕ͹⻬£˸ûа취ȥǰԭһֱۣӲȥ⵽ôһ¡
ʱʯͷĬƬ̣ȻҺ˵ǾֻһܣⰲԼ١
Һӵ˵ͷҲֻһܣֵǣⰲΪʲôҪԼ١Ѳڸ
룬Ҳûܣǰ֮ǰߵϿȣʱ˻ѩϣĿԣҲǰǵټ֮Ե١
ô쵽ģֵʯͷȥʯͷȾȮҪҪ˦ǲܰ쵽飬ⰲʲô취ġ
СձЩһͨصˣ˵ⰲҲءʱǼһ￪ڶ˵
Ļһ󣬲ɵĵ˵ͷⰲͨձҲǸ绽˵Ҳϡ档
ֻһȴżǰҪĻԼټǻô׷ǿŮʯѲɾȥһ˲ǰ
ô˵ǻҪȥҹǰȻܹԼ٣ϾһֱۣҲ߲˶죬˵лϿ֮ǰסʯͷʱ˵
ĻҺӵ˵ͷ̧ʯͷɵļӿ˽ŲϿȺһҲûпȥƬˮ־ҵطӪ
Ҳֻ֪СôˣûԼˡǼһڻ˵
ֻ֪ͰëСӣȻֻﶼԣϾѩɽ˺ü죬ҹֻһʮа˾Ų֪ܵʲôطȥˡ
ϢһϣڶǼ·ֻô˵ʯͷҲҪ̧ˣԼߡ
ҿɫЩף̲סʵ𣿡
ʯͷ˵ͷ˵ⲻǸʱ䣬ȡϿȵĳڴǰס̧ߵ̫
ҿһֱ֣Ҳûа취ڸʱ䣬ҺӶŻ˽Ųܹǡ
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ĺҺʯͷʮֵĸˣǧ˻ʮֵ˷ܡ
Ҳʯͷ˳ȥ̧ͷͿˮǴںļªﻹڡ
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˭֪һվںߺ˼ɤӣȴǰ㶯ҲûУǼһﲻɵЩʧ
Ҳʯͷߵʧһۣ˵̫⣬Ҳһںһֱǣοǻֻ
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Сĵ㣬Ҫ̫ԶʲôʹС
Ǽһ˵ͷƨǰ˹ȥ
ҿ㹻õĸɲʱѾˣҸոѣǰʹǼһĽŲǰȥֻһļ滹Ŀһֻһֻ
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ӵıӰвɵİ֣Ͽ浽ʲôôôĶԶ⵽ô£
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ֻӽһڻȡŵ׼õҶõһǰȵݸʯͷȻֿһݸҡ
Ѿ̲סˣſһھҧһȥĽʱҵĿǻмֱ
ӿһڿˮֽһȾ͸õУſһھҧȥ
˭֪һһҧ£ȴǷһûҧȣҧһеõ˾Ȼˣ
ҲӸոҧµһ˲䣬ҿļһɫӰӣһӾͽеȸˡ
ǺɫӰٶȿͬһ㣬Ҹûüʲô
ֻ㶵ĿԼ˫֣ȲɣһﻹΪԼۻˣ̧࣬ȷۻ
ȷԼпĲˣǼһŷӦеҲ٣
ʱѾվһѽľ˳Ķӵ
ҽŵӣ֪ԾԼĳҲվת
Ƕӵţǳ˲ԶһõͰľ֮⣬ıտҲʲôҲûС
ҸղſĿǶӵֻһգ۵ĹôͲء
ϡʱʯͷ̧ͷӺ治Զǿָָ˵
ĻҺӽŵȥһǼһһߺϵʲôϽүҹԹԵİȸһ
Ҳɵİһһۣ˵Ķʲôʱˣһﻹųԡ
˭֪Ǹո߽ǿͻȻֵĽ֨֨
һͳȥ·ѹ˵ǽ
ҺӶסˣֻ֦һζһɫӰǰ
ʱǲſµصֻСӻֻı
ֻǼһһëӺͱ˵ĹЦһѽԼеĳ˵ϣ˵Ҳ٣үΪأ
ֻֻСӵıϻ˵ϣʱҲŷֻֻ֣ǰѾȫ˳
ֻСһӾ˹ȥһﱧڻ棬ĵӲͣķһǺǵɵЦ
һ˵ԭֻСһǾûʲôˣ벻ֻСһȻ˵ζߵǻ
˭֪ҸҪߣֻˢһһӰ
ӰҸһϽתͷȥֻһ£İСˣʱ˵ӵȣһߴڵĽţһ˵ղζܺã


344 ŷ
ǶΪԭϾֻֻСӺͱ˭֪ͻȻһ⿴ȥޱȵͷҺӸŵò
ҺһеľСĵͷֻһ£·浽ۣȥģҰ׵ͷһͷϡ
ĸͷߣֻұӴ΢΢ŵıбһѽǰѽֻһذ΢ôһ㣬۵ǣ⽣ĽȻǱɫģһһ㣬ʮֵƯ
ʲôˣľСĵĶͷһʵ
ʱʯͷҲ˹һ˽ͷŵΧ
ֻͷ̧ͷһۣٺٵЦӵĿȣһƨɾ˵ϡ
ͷǸʲôģӵ˵еĵ׶˵
˭֪Ļֻ֮׺ȴſӼ֨֨ĽֻצͣıȻֻڶͷûȥע
Ȼͷȥ֪һ򵥣Ϊͨͷ߲طͷ󻹱Ž֪ΪΣҸоһĪѹ
ֻͷڵϣûлشӵĻſҧһ⣬Ұһ죬Ȼһ졣
ǿĶΪҪʲôŵźһ˭֪ͷȴóһС«һοƿǣһŨŨľƮǵıǿС
ֻź«˼ھƣҰһͣ˵ʹ죬ʹ죬ںȾƴڳ⣬ʹ죬ǼСҪҪһڣ
ͷ˵ꡣȻ֣ƺ«˹
˭ҪȡʱǼһѾͷĳ׵ŭˣ˵ֻĻû˵꣬ͱƴˣӿһۣ㬵İʣµĻʻ˶
ͷŵΧסϿһ㾪ţµĺȾƳ⣬ҸӸоͷĲһ㣬˲ǸӾͿ϶Ǹˡ
ӲǸӣǾͿ϶ǸˣǼһһ˵໰ӲСԲŻĻϡ
·ľ˳ֲУͷľһȻ˵ǰ֪ǰкָ̡
ͷһͱ˵ãƺҲ޶⣬жĻҲƾָ
ͷأҺƣʱôҲҪʲôĿģܾܲΪһȳԡ
Ȼ֪ͷݣһͲСˣһҲ޷
ֻ֮ͷžƺ«΢Цңϵƶһһʢľջһ
ұͷûϵļƤˣϽʵǰ䣿
ʱͷڲٿˣͷһЦ
ȻЦЩ֣ǲֵңҲɵһ
˭֪³ͼͷѾֹͣЦ˵ţʲôңͽܵ۹ɱǿˣʦ󴸲СҲ
ĻһӾסˣû뵽˵ʦĵźʦֵ֣֮У˸ʦĽƺǳ
ǰʶʦʵ
˭֪˵꣬ͷƺҲǳһȻָͷָָԼıӣ˵ʦѵûжң
һ£һʱ֪ôش˵ʦûУһķûнңиʦֶûô˵㡣
ʦ˵ˣҲ˵Լˡ˵
ҵĻͷ˰֣ӵ۵ģ˵ëţӣӸһӵĽ飬ȻûжԼͽ˵ңˣ
Щһʱ֪˵ЩʲôʱһѾͷû˽䱸ΪĻͷʦĽ鲻ǳ
ֻͷ˰Ƣֹھƣƺ˳һЩ˵СӸҼסˣȪŷǰľҸƵġ
ͷĻҵ˵ͷϾЩԾеĽľľǽ׵ľƣŷô˵Ƶģ
ǰ⽣ľġԳŷ˵
ֻҵĻ֮˰֣˵ѽľģ㡣
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ҵ˵ͷȻͷָұľ˵ôӲľ𣡡
ôһ˵סˣСҶ֪ľӲĺܣֱ˵࣬ĺһ⣬Ǿǣѽľģľ׶ѣľӲ̫
סˣŷһͺ˫·ĨĨȻǰͦţϴżֵ˵ëţϵʦڽɳŪһľ̳˽˵ʲôľ亱Уаɷĺݣ̫࣬ͲãһţɵˣϱӾŪһпõĶûЦҡ
ͷ˵ϸԵõ⣬Ȼ˵ѽţҵңƤҹҪһƿʮĻ棬Ҳðء
ҵͶſˣһ벻ͷͷȻô󣬶벻ʦҹһƺȡ
ƿķϣҲóԼصĻ֮ͭעľ棬ľܱô
˵ͷұһۣȻͼһУұľȻһ󶶶Ȼ৵һôԶʶɣգۼ͵ԳŷС
˶һָ𾪵Ŀɿڴ㶵
𾪵ӣͷƺоʮֵãЦȻ˵ŷʮ˴ģеĺýС֪ľж
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ǻɫĹâͬһɫ磬һӾʮԶһôȻ֮ģϾȻһƺߣȻһӰϵͨһ˵ϡ


345 
һʼŷһֱ죬𾪵Ļˤˣ⾿ʲôˣ
Щͷŷ֪ϲأԲһ˸նˤ֮Ҳû˰㶯Ӧˡ
ʲôˣŷʵ
ֻһľȻˢһ˿ұĽ֮УҸųһͷ亹
Ȼ֣˵СձӶѣͽһĶء
Ļֳһû뵽ղűһնľȻǸձˣЩձ˾Ȼֹһвձɽ棡
ǶͻȻ𾪵ŷȴǲ˵ϣץȺݺݵҧһڣȻ˵Ҹʦʶ˼ʮˣǰëϢ˵ɽϣһˡ
ĻҲ֪ŷʦиŻģֻЩձô£
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Ȼ˵һʼûôЩһ͵͵ĵȥһˣ͵Щһɽʲôһаˣ˵ʲôŮʯѾõˣˣ滹еڸš
˵ŷһۣȻ˵ɽ֮ǰţӾ͸ˣǸЩձ˽ɽһ룬ʲô˿϶ˣҲûߣǻ
ҵ˵ͷŷģԲŻǰ׺ӺͱŪȥЩڶɽձ˿϶ǰҵŮʯ֪֮ʲô취Ϣݳȥİ֡
ҰЩһɱ˼ŵЩСҲҽˣһЩһﶼأиֵļһɱЩ鷳ҲֻܵסǶѣղǸЩһ̽ġ
Ҳɵĵһ벻ھȻΧˣ·ѾЩձ˸סˡ
ʱ뵽һҪ⣬ŷʵǰûпһһֱ۵ձ˳ȥأ
˵ǰԭǼһϴŮʯǸһ·ûмӰҪȥЩԮϣǿɾʹĲˡ
ûУļ죬ֻӬɳȥҵ۾СѵŲ𡣡ŷ˵
Ļҡҡͷ˵ŲǰֻǰϴŮʯ¹شֻҪȷ¡
ҵĽͣŷ˵ͷ˵ľУʲôûпܶҵ۾ܳȥ
ҵ˵ͷǰԭûӳȥͺãֻǼһϿ֮лûһ·
ӦǺ档ʱʯͷͻȻ˵
ⰲԭˣͲߵıǿ죬ɴغԼ٣ǵ󡣡
ʯͷĻǶ˵ͷǰԭٵֶʮֵĸʯͷҲûбҪ˵ƴ·Ǻ档
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Ļһﶼˣһ£˵ͷҲ̫ˣⶼʲôʱˣﻹĳԶ
ŷͻȻ˵ϽѶһͻһսˡ
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ĻǴһӶҪˣ֪ձˣʱˡ
Ͻ԰ɣҪģϢŷһȸеøɸɾ˿ھƣĨĨ˵
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ŷббڻԣ۾ʱغһھƣȻ˵Щձ˳ǸȽļһ֮⣬ĶЩСߣɱĻʣ¾ŸܶԸ𣿡
ĻҲɵһ˵ôô࣬ôһ㣬һҪԸһתͷһſԼͷϵѪϣʱģŷ˵ѪϣԸЩӦòѡ
ʱŷڵҼͷѪϣһֱҵֻСüͷһ£¶Ӷı飬˵ѲţѾˣȻԼͽȥƣô顣
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ҳĬ֪˵ʲôŷƺڻʲô飬һң˵ȻѪϺСЩ߶ǼΪͨǱɱļһҲǱɱˣ㻹ûأѾ˵ˣԶԸЩһѪϺСûʲô̫ôΪͿǡ
Ļ˶һӿ˵ǰѽǻôܣⲻ𡣡
˵꣬ŷƺЩջ𣬰Ǽһһۣ˵ڣ¸򡣡
ղŲ˵˲𣿡ǼһһΣվرţŷʵ
ӵĻֻŷ˰֣Ȼ˵ˣʹСһ֮
Ļһ£ż벻ŷȻ̸Ƿһ֮ʯͷ۾ҲȻҲ֮ΪĸȤ
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ĻǸϽͷŷһ̵˵ǼСһˣȻܹ壬Ľˡ
ŷǵ˷ܣĿһ˵ǰǻ˵ɡ
ʱŷǻعȻϹһĨصЦݣϵЦݣıˢһ죬Ȼһ̹ͻҹգͣǵǰ


346 ѧ
ǱǵǰһҲ
ĽĽһ̵ͨɫ·ʯ̵һ㡣
⾲ǰɫ̽˶ԾŴ͡òŷ¶ֱ죬Ѿ㹻𾪡
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˵ǰûпЦɣѧֱҪʮʱ䣬ЩձϾҪˣôѧӵ۾ŷ˵
ӵĻҲҺʯͷͷ̧ͷ˹ȥҪŷô͡
ֻͷǺǵЦһ£б۾һۣȻ˵㵱ʧķ˵ʮѧᣬ˵һˣһ涼ָ꣬һҲѧˡ
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üͷ겻٣ǼûôùǲãǸͲá
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ھֻж̶̼ٸ֣кܶľѨλͷˮȫ֪֡
ʱŷҡҡͷ˵鷳ȻϸĸǽЩѧѨλλá
ֱ˶Ūˣŷֶ˵Ĭھڵ˳Щߣ֪Լ
ĻҸϽһҪڵ꣬˭֪ǼһȴǴ˵ǰѽҺʯͷûнѽõǵ
ӵĻҲһ£˵ѽӺʯͷõǵҲ֪ûô
ʱŷԼĺ룬ӵĻûԼĺӸȻһ䣺ģ
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Ǽһ￴ǰ̵Сֱˣһ˫۾治ͣð⣬һѾͽСץʣٺٵֱЦ
СŷĽҪСһЩ֮⣬һģһ̵ͨɫһǼֵƵĶ
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Ļһĸ֪ǰѲԼľȻȴܹ֪ôľǾһҲ
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žķɣʱһҲоҵȫŵ˱ǰľ档
ŬԼʶ½Ӵľڸ̸һ
ڣҸоǰľضһ£ҪԼѽʷɳһ㡣
оһϲһǾĿԼٻйһᣬҸоľֶһͣĶ৵һڽз
͵۾ֻǰľѾͣҵǰڰգһҲ
ͷһϲ·̧һոµһ㣬µ˵ں档
תͷʯͷһֻۣʯͷʱҲ۾ǱɫСͣǰʯͷ۾֪ڿЩʲô
ӣҲɵЩʧΪԼǵһɽ֮ˣû뵽ʯͷҪҿˡ
תһ룬ʯͷ˼࣬ûʲôҸɽ֮ҲС
תͷȥȴǲЦ˳ֻǼһڱ۾ڵϣͷϴ죬·ʪˣȥʮֵŬǱɫСȴɾǰĵϣһҲ
һϱоǵĹеȱ¹ɶˣ˵һѾ۵ˣȻ꣬Ҫ͸֮Ϊˡ
ֻŷɴ۾һҺʯͷȻšͺ«һھƣȻҰ˵ۺܲѽû뵽ôĶˣԣ
ĻҺʯͷһವһͷ˳ȥֻɽҷɵģǰҵɵģͷɵġ
ָоȻѪϻҪˬѪǸԼ˼ģҿȥʲôǷе·ȴȫҿƣɽȴôô
ҺʯͷʱڸոյõߵĺһͣɽͷϷȥ
ҲүүүҲѧˣҺʯͷĵԼıͷʱԱߵȴǷһŭĴС
һľɻ˱Ľ֮УתͷǼһ￴ȥֻǼһڵϣһͷĺˮǰǱһСڷƢء
Ҹ밲οһ䣬˭֪ŷߺߵЦȻ˵꣬һǾӵĽ̵㻹УǸȱûٸɰɣ̫ˡ
ŷ⼸仰˵˵˵ϣˣȻܹóӵʲôط
ϵףǼһǵͨ죬ŷɲ⣬Ҳҷֻͷ
ҿЦϽοżֻҪŬѧġ
ЩСձҪˣĿô졣Щε˵ǾҪˣѾˡһû˵ŷȴͻȻ˵Ļ䣬һʱ϶ɱվǰȥ
һӣҾ֪϶ЩձѾˣϽҲڵվǰ˹ȥǿȴһƬڰʲôҲûС
ߣȻˣǾͳɣʲôʱŷһȻһĶ̽ವһʶǰĺڰʹ˹ȥ
ɫıٶȱ綼Ҫ죬ƿзһ죬ǱɫĶ̽·ȼһǰͳ˹ȥ
ֻɫıǰɳȥʮ׵ľ룬Ȼײһǽһһ죬ɫĹâʢʱɽȶ
̽ʢŵĹâҪǿǰľֻǰһźɫӰӣЩӰӶˣЩ϶Ÿҹɫһĺ£ǽðɫâǸͿ
ֻЩ˵ǰ棬ʱҲվһˣ˵˫ǰƽ죬һ·ԲһĶеסŷ˵һ


347 
ɽɫĹâȻһţһǿĺվǰ˲ûЩһϴź¡ͷҲźͷֻ֣¶ֻ۾
˵ͷûдͷ֣ͨòԿǸˣӦòСˣΪͷͺӶѾ˰ɫ
ͷֵӵסŷķɽɫĹâɢȥǰѽವһַ˻ͣŷǰ
ûУ϶ľЩСˣоŸһҸϼһƴʣµľŸ߾ͽˡŷʱĶǰ棬˵
ĻҺʯͷ˵ͷʱǼһȴǿ˵ǰһѽ
ĻŷĹ۷˷˵ǹƨ¡ԼѧģһҪ϶ƴйչ㣬รɣ
⻰ֿ˼֣ҸϽ˵ľУһ󡣡
ʯͷҲתͷӵ˵ͷǼһжĶ˳˵Ҳ٣ؼʱ̻ǿסҲһ߹ôط
ǰѣֻҪȽһˣÿ·ɺãðġʱǰȻһЩϵȻ˵йЩĿİͰ͡ȥʮֵıŤӦþǸղŵסŷɽǵǸ˵
˸£ʱŷǰ˵˼䣬˵ȴһҲûΪ˵ľȻձ
û뵽⿴ȥŷȻ˵ձɵĳһתһ룬˵ǱЩձ˵еʱ͵ǵ̸ʱûע⣬룬ҪǲձҲûа취͵ǡ
ǰǲѧû뵽Ȼ˵ôõһձʱָϽŷƨ
ֻŷһۣЩĻ˻ԴȻû˵ĳӵƨоʮֵá
ʱǰձ˵˼ʲôֻŷִһ˸£Ҳû˵Ľ䱸
ǲ⣬Ϊȫ˵ʲôϽŷʵǰСձ˵ʲô
ֻŷһȻ˵ģЩСӵɵˣ˵ȥֻǽӸ˳浱Ӳ֪ŮʯĴҪСˣ̸ˣҪˡ
ŷĻո£ͼһһֱӾǰ˳ȥǱɫķɽӡ
ʱҿǰİҲԾһӰŷײ˹ȥз죬ŷķɽֵײһ𣬽ײһȻ䵽˵ϡ
ֻŷ̧ȭͷСɢϢдһүүİȭǰķձһȭ˹ȥ
ȻֻǼ򵥵һȭȭͷдϢȴʮֵľˣз֮
ڵϣվţձ˸Ͷ㲻һȭֻ̧˫֣ӭȥ
ֻһ죬ͷݺݵײһ𣬾Ϳձ˫Ͼ٣Ÿ񵲵ƣֱӱŷһȭҳȥʮԶձ˻ĵϳһ
ŷһȭձ˸ˣǶɴ۾ʵ벻ŷһȭȻ˵
ֻձȻˣӲû˿Ļζȵͣ͵ǰһ壬Ǿ;ǰһΪձ˵Ķ̫ˣǸͿӰһͳŷǰԾһžŷСȥ
ֻŷֵԼǰȻסһţҲߵź滬˳ȥӦûˡ
Ҿ֪ͬŷԼ˵һֶ࣬ģһʱĺѷֳʤ
ʱȫ˵Ĵ򶷸סˣȴͻȻоڳҵӣȻҵҾһ󺰣Сģ
ȻһɫĹâǰŵĺɫСķ˳ȥ
ʱǻعղŵʯͷģĨɫĹâŷ͸ǱɫСŵһֻöεĺɫ䵽˵ϡ
ҳһ亹ʱǰ滹žŸǱڰҹеأ
ҸϽ۾ľʯͷֻСӸŵΧм䣬ǰȥֻǰ澲ĵģһ쳣Ҳ
Ȼǰκ쳣ظоЩձѾܽˣֻصĺܺãǸͷֲˡ
ձľǶνĶ˵ܹʲôܣһּΪЩɫһΧĻþ֮У˸Ͳ
ҽŵǰ棬˵ǰϵһƬƤһľЩձߵ֮ʱпͻȻҺݺݵһ
ʱǰŷǸձ˵սԽԽңŪɽвʱĴһĴ죬ڸҷȥֻĶǰȥ֪ΧĶ
ǿĵʵ£µͿĵˣЩ˾۾һʱǱ𣬸һڡ
ҽĶǰûκεı仯ǿҵΣոоԽԽǿңҵ۽̲סĳ鴤֪ΣϾҪˡ
ʱǰԭ쳣ĵͻȻ·һһһһӰҾ˹
ҿһǺӰǰǵ֮ɱ⣬ҵ۾ɵ֪һ⣬һҿĵ⡣
û˿ԥ̧еľӭȥ
˭֪ҳԾǣҵľûǵ⣬ǵȴǿٵʧղڵԾӰҲѾˣǰһ糣ʲôûзһǸղŵĵۣҶΪԼۻˡ
֣˵ղǸձһҿ֪ңϵķ˹Ļᣬ
кǳԾ˹ϣһˣԲսЩ߿ЩѲֵĽɫѽ
ҽĶǰʱߵʯͷһƺߣŵһһ죬Ҳ˹ʯͷĶҿ죬ձ˵ĵ
û°ɣûתͷǽĶǰʯͷš
û£Щ˵ٶ̫죬ҪСġʯͷ˵
Ļҵ˵ͷеľĶǰ棬֪Щ߿϶ǰ棬֪ٺõҲЩߵ
Ǹ㲻ܹŵζ𣿡ʱΧмӿ˵֪ʵʯͷ
Щûζ϶ʲôζڸȥʯͷش
ҵ˵ͷЩձߵӦöģԿ϶ᶮڸԼϵζʯͷıڸɲó
ʯͷĻո£ǰĿռͻȻ۵һ㣬Ťתһ£ȻһӰһµߡ
ֻвԶֱֱͦ΢ʿҵؿھͲ˹
ҸϽľǰ浲˹ȥ˭֪ҸոһĵַһӰ˳ҵԴͿ˹
ʱܵУҸûа취ȫ㿪ľǰȥͬʱһſҼϵѪ˵һͷߵǸ߾ͷ˹ȥ
ҶһǰҴǰʿȻǸӰһʧҵҰ֮УǸ߲ûôˣǱѪһӴ͸Դͨһˤ˵ϡ
ѪϷ˻ŵȥֻڵϣͷһָͷһСѪͣѪ
ϴձͳ߷һ΢΢ʿѾĲˡ
û뵽ѪһŪһСձĴһѪϾ˵ķΧǲͣĴתٶȼ죬һɣһȦΧһ㡣
ʱǰָֻƽЩձǱһҲûа㶯
֪Щһ϶ô״򷢵ģɱŸ߶ȵľ衣
ʱǰĿռһŤһɫӰ˳ֻһԶҲûжǷһǶһŰɫĶ


348 
ŰɫĶһڿбһŰɫķĩ
Ҳ٣ǷŶʱǼһһǸϽס˱ӡ
ʵĴڡͰٶˣʱֻǸʶľٶһҪѪȥǸߣǳϵǣѪϾȻûж
Ҹ֪ѪϣȥֻѪϾͣ󣬵𶯳ŸԶĵط˹ȥգ۾ͲӰ
ҳһ˵ô£СھȻڽҪͷչ¿ɲˣ
ѪȻѾˡͨһܹоĵֻƾôСȴҲˡ
ʱҲû˰취ֻľĶǰ档
ôµʿСүôӲˣֵ˵
ʱͷϣһʣû˵ô֪ģȥը󡣡
⣬Щձ˵⣬ղĲʲôۣΪѪϡʱʯͷͻȻ˵
ĻҺӲǻعԭЩСձĶΪѪϵģ߶֮ͨѪȻ˵ҲֻһֻӣȻͺµζ
һѪϲҹˣֻпԼˡСͦȫ֪ôԦ
ʱҲˣ˱űĶǰ
Ƭ̣ҸоǰĿռЩŤ֪Щ߾ҪϽľһΣǵϣʣµǰ˸߾ȻһȫˣЩ˰ΧһԲȦŵǾͿȥ
Ҳ٣ǿձǼһ﷢һֽС
авãΪѵҿ˹û㣬Ϊô㶼Ҫһӡ
ֻҧľɨ˹ȥ
ֻҵֱ۸ոһͼǰһ̹ƵձźʱҸо˲١
̹ɿΧתһȦ˶ΧʯͷǰɫСֻСʱΧһɫĹâ
ʱЩֶʧˣֻߵһȴɻڣûлͣĴĽţеĵͣǰš
תͷһûЦˣԭߵһֻС棬ôСǲ֡
߼õͣСϿȥСˮʿϳ˷֮ûһô
ֻСƺеջ˫һšߵʹһȻ˵һֻžȻôıСšѪͣţҲ˲Σڵ໵ĴĽš
ʱʯͷķɽһ̹һֱ˵ĺϲһѪֻ˫ֱסвͣķǺǵӲͣŤ
ʱʯͷһ£֪϶Ǿ߸ղŽеʮֵʹ࣬Ҫѣû뵽кһʱỹˡ
ʱСǰ˹ȥ֣ס˵Դ˫һǲһ͸š濴ȥ
ʱǰȻ৵̧ͷһֻĺڵˮһǾ˹
ЩЩߵķڣεڡ
Щ̫̫࣬죬ǵصģǸûа취ܡ
ҲүҪǮѽǼһһǸϽסͷ
ֻЩϣȻ˵ϡ
Ҳҿǵһ˵ҪӲĶ࣬Щڲû˵ǣɱĻۡ
Ҳ٣ˣӲͣŤŤȥڵĽš
ǰһƬƽҹЩڿ϶ܳԾǵķھȻûá
صڣҺȻһ˼֧ʯͷȻһ£ʯͷҵ˼ҵ˵ͷ
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ȻЩߣȴ֪Ǿǰ棬ǵûôӲǿ϶ܺԼķڴϡ
ڴǣЩһһæĶһǵõĻᡣ
ֻеǰͷ˳ȥҺʯͷĶǰ棬ֻߵһֻڵǰռ΢΢ķһ˿Ť֪ǵطһһߣҪ䵽ԼϣҪܡ
ĶٿҲûʯͷķɽ죬ֻ̹һǵطʹһҽУһӰ˵ϣ߱ʯͷ
ʱҲӦ˹ڵץһڣǰ˳ȥһҲûʲô쳣ʣµѾ㿪߲ĵط
ʱҸо΢һЩЩѾǸڻһֻҪסС
ԶһֻۣŷǸձ˻ڴ򶷣Ǳ̽ͣķȥ˱˲֪ʲôһɫĹâ̽ͣײһ𣬷ľ졣
ʱҲſձ˼ĶһʼŵǸŷɽһĶ
һʼûп壬ڿⶫģԭһźڰͼͣɢŻɫĹâ
ȥүģʱŷĿзһֽУֻǱ̽Ĺâʱʢ˼֣ձ˵նȥ
һУֱӱվձֽס
ô㱾ˣүүһûأʱŷһЦ
ҿձ˵ɫ΢΢Щף֪ղŵĽһ˿ˣвɵİˡ
˭֪ûҸ棬ͼձ͵һѪһӾ絽е棬ȻֵĿ·Ȼձ˵Ŀкȵ١ߡԡСڡǰ


349 Ϯɱ
ֻձаԾ·˹һ㣬ͣ׷ζ淢һ㵭Ļɫâ
ԽתԽ죬ձ˵˫֡ڰգʱձ˵˫ֺһ𣬲ͣıƣڱӡһ㣬Ȼвͣغ١ߡԡСڡǰ
ֻһ仰£ǷĹâʢ̵ǵ۾ҸоԼµĴ΢΢Ķʲô޴ĶҪһ㡣
𾪵ǰ棬ֻǸձ˵ϴʱҲɫĹâ֣ȥޱȵʥ࣬ŷȴһأȴûǸձˣǽĶǰԶĵϡ
ϴĶԽԽǿҡڷһ죬һߴĺӰƿ棬վ
ЩڵĶǶɵĵһֻǾȻһĸߴˣ
ЩһоŸ֫ȫɵģÿһ׶ߡ
ֻŸվӡǰŷͳ˹ȥ
Ÿ˵Ĳһ£ȵϣĴضͣĶҲǵͷֱ벻ձ˾Ȼ˵ܹٻֶ
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ӣҾ֪һǾŸˡ
һĬĬٻֻ㵽һߵѪϣձڵ˼ȫǾŸϣҳû͵Ϯĺûᡣ
ոһѪϾѾ˷ӦֻһɫĲӰڵϵձ˾ͳ˹ȥ
вɵİѪʯͷܴ͸ԸձӦôࡣ
˭֪һûüأͼձ̧ͷųȥѪһۣȻĿзһߣϵĽɫâͻȻʢһɫһ㣬ֱӽ
Ѫϴʱó˹ȥǻûǲɫĹâͷְԭ·˻Աߵһϡ
ûѪϣ֪ձǲɫâ϶ѪвͲҿ
ڴʱǾŸѾŷŵΧǿΡֻŷŭһ²ͣڵϵľ޴
ΣǲɵİģŷסǼˣвɵĽ
ȥæΧߣЩһںʯͷķɽûнһǿ϶̷
ҽһʯͷһۿȥȴҸһֻһƺûһĴ죬˫۽գ˯һ
ڸʯͷӣҳһʵҪǱɫСΧǵӲͣķȥΪ˯ˡ
ֻʯͷۣ˵ܸ֪ܲЩ˵Ϣ
оûУҸϽʯͷʵ
˭֪ʯͷȴЩʧĶҡҡͷҾ֪ûи֪Щձ߻ѲҪ취ѽ
ǰ治ͣĴţʾ֭Ű취ʱʯͷֿ˵ֻһּΪαװÿһαװϸ۲һҳǵġ
˵˵ͷ˵ǲ٣ڼҪȥŷսپ
ҪİͺˣЩûа취صôʵʱ˵
һ㶼ϻҹ˵ֱαװãҪǵ˹컯֮£αװͻЩˣǲôľ֮£ֻҪһͻ¶
Ҫ취ЩһﶯѽʱѾ뵽ĹؼǾЩձ˶Ҫй⡣
뵽ƳһԱߵĻѣжʱ⡣
ĬĬŷ̸ǵھڵٻͣŵ£Ȼһеľ뿪ƣ
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Ҷ΢΢һЦȻ˵ûУ֪ôЩǾƺðɡ
ҵתľŻѾͷ˹ȥһһλȼյľͷȻַ
Ҹղž͹۲ˣǵܶǲݵأЩݼ˵ϥôߣؼǣЩݶǿݲݣ׾ܹȼЩձ߾ͶǰЩݲݵУҪֻҪѲݸȼС
һľһػȼյľͷǰͷ˳ȥȻΧŲݴתһȦʱͽǰĲݵرһƬ𺣡
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ûǺʯͷһ𣬽Ķǰ棬ֻԽԽ߹ˡ
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ʱǰӰԭЩ֪Ѿزȥˣڵ
һľǾʹ˹ȥ˭֪һβûЧԭЩһжһɫĶƣǶƻܼӲҵľȻûа취͸
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ЩȻͨľǱɱѾزסˣҪƴˣҺҲһеͳ˹ȥֻСǺ棬֨֨۵ĽҲ˹ȥ
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ֻСҺӻΪ̫ӲЩ߸˲ޱȣһץ군ˣЩ߸ͲҿæҺӻôǱ
ʱһҳ˹ҴһһͷϿ˹ȥֻ˾ϵĶƣסһӻź˹ȥ
һûüɿһɭɭĵҵʹ˹һΪյ꣬ȥĿյҸûа취
˾Сձɿľһľڿһ˾ʹ˹ȥ
ֻ߿зһź˹ȥֻѾ˵ˣֻһǼһٵұֱҵľѪˮ˲˳һ
ߵڵŶϱ۲ͣĲҽУһľ£ֱӽԴ
ʱʣµĸ߶źǱҸŵˡ
ʱҶСкһϣֻСצЩ߾ͳ˹ȥ
СһȥЩһļɹæ˻ȦҺʱﻹҵϽҲ˳ȥҪһЩСձȫ
ϵ·ҺӸϽ̧ͷһֻЩձҲǲࡣ
ֵֻǣЩձʣĸǰֻ⵽ô£һܵȥˡ
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ҴһСģѾˣǼһﻹûüͷǵѾҪˡ
ۼӾҪ߸һڲϣд󼱣ľһڹ⣬ǰȥֻ֮£һ˱ߵĵ棬ǰѵֱӸ˿ȥ
ʱǼһǻعŭһеĳǰһͣ۵һһͽߵĶӸֱӴ͸ˡ
ҸոһȴЩԾΪҿ˹һҵͷֱһֱֱҵĸͱ˹һɨҵĲӡ
ʱǷӦԭЩձ˵ĿͲӶңҪľľɳȥӵĿյ
ҿͷϵ亹৵һҪǣҵĺ·ȫʲô취㲻ʿ
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ʵҲƴˣΪѾû˱İ취ֻһѡ
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351 
ĲͣעǰľʱðһɫĹââԽԽʢһľȼ
ҷʯͷվʱҲܵԱߣҰʯͷһܣ
ʱһͷϲӲͣʯͷڱϣǰʹ˳ȥҲԱһ˵Ĺ
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˵ĴȫǽʵĺɫԭҸͿһȥľŻɫĽâȴ׾ٵĴ˵䣬һӾͽȸ롣
Сȱҿϣ˾޴һӾʧȥƽ⣬һΣǰȥ
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ӻͷһۣдһҲ٣Ͻǰ˳ȥתͷ˵Ŀ´ź˹ȥ
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352 ɽ
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ղŪôĶǰԭΪʲôûг֣
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353 ʯ
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һһ߲ͣıʦոսҵļԦСĿھȱˣһſĶһ顣
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һСʿ˵Ҫļҵķ䣬Լȥ
СʿϽָָǰ棬Ȼһ̾ܵĲӰ
ҿµۣ̲סЦǼһſڴҲЦĸɱһĴָ˵ʿСү⻣˵ıҲ硣
ҰһһۣôŸղСʿָҵķ˹ȥⷿӰţƿţȻֻͷһۡ
ֻСڱȷӻߣ϶ûа취ˣҸϽ˵ˣҪӻᱻ˵ġ
СܹöҵĻҸ˵꣬ߵŲ࣬վһҲ
˵һ콫Լطţ˯Ҳ̤ʵ˲٣ʦ˵Сɽ콫ֻܹάְСʱңʱһֻԶСӣ԰ҸͲõһŵĵʿ
һҹ޻˵ڶһ磬һֵʦķ飬ֻڴһﶼûͷ֪һжʲôΪڰԭˣʦǸЩձҲӰе·ͻȻһ
ɽסһ֪磬ͻȻ˱仯ǣǺСԪʲô˵˳ȻԼ˵ģⲿ˶ʩһķеܶ˵˳
ҺʯͷһۣȻ˵Щձ˵ϳ档
ʲôҺӲʯͷҲüͷȥģɳ˶ʮҶûˡ
ձйʱǾѾ׼Ұ᪴ߵԪ桱˵
Ĵһﶼһ벻Щձ˾ȻͰѰ᪴ߵԪŪйˣһ˼ʮꡣ
ҿʯͷһۣжɵһ£ЩʱǸڵĺˮͻȻһĶǶֻȥѲǶͰ᪴йϵ
ΪʲôѡʱʦʳһҶ֪⡣
ֻüͷȻ˵ΪҪĶ棬ߺͰײҲ֮С
˾ĻһֶһҺӻʯͷȥģ벻ЩձҪĶҲ档
ЩһﵽҪõʲôʱ̲סʵ
ʯ˵
ȺõȻᣬĻ֮󣬴һﶼĬʯ˵ഫŮڲ֮󣬿ʼˣ˺һʯͷŮ洽ϡ
˵ʯͷʼس¾Խ֪ͨ˼شһ죬һʯֱ춴֮⡣Ů洷ȥֻʯ¾ԺͷؽᣬֱĿԶˣһƣʯΣ졢ء֮⡣
ŮŮʩǿʯͷס˷ס˺󣬶ȱԵֻλΪʯʯͷΪǰһԵߣӽһֱ˵ʯͷźܴħԣŮ˼ŵ˹ŹӱߣƹԵֻء
𣿡Сʵ
ĻҲɵĿЦһ£ʱ䣬鼸ǰ붼벻ģʲôŵģȻõ鱨Ǿ֤Ĵǿʯ
ֻʱֽ˵˵еŮʯͷӡϣʵǣʯͷһֱ棬ߺͰײڴ˵ʯͷЩձ˵õ鱨Ӧġ
ǵѽڵģʱӴʵ
ഫձÿһλΰʦ󣬶һƲл꣬ЩʦĲл걻ǵĺСĵıţЩʦһƲлԼõǿӵЩʦ
ҵһԭЩСձĿľΪ˸ȥʦɶձʦһˣǻˣһҪֹЩһ


354 
˶û뵽Щձ˵ĿľΪǿʯȥʦ
ЩܰԼһƲлʦǰ϶ǼΪĽɫҪЩСձĿĴﵽˣ»ң
뵽һ˵ɫΪѿ
˴һۡȻ˵ЩձѾõŮʯĹһΪǵ棬ڿҲû˼ôпܣЩձѾòǿʯͷˣҲֻĿʯͷܰǰ᪴߸
ǸϽȥֹЩһѽ˾ˣ˵
˵ͷȻ˵Ѿຣˣʰһ£ҲϽɣһβϧһдҲҪֹЩձˡ
˾ĻһϽڷصԵķȥʰʱѾĴֱӦģԱܹٶȸϵຣ
ʵûʲôģڷ򵥵İ·ײ׼ȥ˭֪Ҹߵſڣžͱ˸ƿˡ
һʦЩ֣˵ϾҪˣʦ˼ҽʲô
ֻʦ֮ҲûзϻֱӶ˵ʱͲҪȥˡ
ʦĻͼˣʦ϶ǾһʮΣգԲҲɡ
ʦҡҡͷ˵˼Ҷȥôܶں棬˵꣬ŷǰҲ̸ܹæġ
ʦ˵꣬ǺЦָԼĺӣȻ˵ȥԭ򡣡
֣ʦʵΪʲô
ֻʦɫʮ֣أȻ˵Щձʦ棬Һŷ϶ˣǵʤ㲢Ǻܴ󡣡
һҾͼˣʦ˵ԽҲҪȥѽ
˭֪ʦ˰֣˵Ϊʤ㲻ʦȻȥһطǵطһǿİ֡
ҵ۾ɵôģʦǻҵӣ֣صİֿ϶Ƿֵг˺档˵˾˭
ʦ֪ʲôû˵ڻͳһɫ塣ǿСİһͨûһʣҾӨһϺõı񣬲ֵǣȻǱ̳һӣ
ֻǺһ۾΢΢ıţƺ˯һ㣬ֵĻβͣβͲһкöֻһʱҲûа취嵽ж
ֻʦ壬Ȼ˵Ҫҵֲˡ
ʦĻҸһ˵ѲʦҪҵʲôħ
ЩĵӣʦֺǺЦЦȻϴһ˿˵ȻΣӦɣΪıһֻꡣ
°ͶҪϣСʱ˵Ի˵ĺ꾫û뵽ʦ˼һʶһ꾫ҼֱԼǲΡ
ֻʦûҵ𾪣Ǽ˵Ȼһֻ꣬һܸȣΪĺᣬŵǾβѪ
ʦĻӻûתΪʲô꣬˴ĺ꾫Īڼ槼ڵĺ꾫Ϊ꾫̳ԴӹŵǶںⶫûйʲôøС
ʱݺ꣬ǵͼھǾββϹޣʵѪҺ˵סɽ档ʦʱ˵
ҵ۾ʦ벻ȻһֻβʦĻβһʮֵѲʦһξҪȥǾβ
ĴһһߴԾֻ׺Ҳûзϣ˭֪ȵϣΧϰֻ꣬Щ궼ǰɫģҵʱţΪЩûиоһ˿Ķ⡣
ʦ˵ʱǹһ˿Ц⣬۾¶һ˿ϲã·䵽ʲôõһ
ʱЩҸΧסһ۾ϳǰֻ׺ҰģȻһŮӾЩм˹
һ̧ͷһʦֻǵЦŨвɵ뵽ʦƺ涼һֱǵŮӣŮ˿϶ʮƯǲ֪ʦûиŮ˷ʲô᲻Ů˾ɢʦ
뵽治ɵĻЦֱҪǱʦ֪뷨ƻݺݵʰһ١
̧ͷһʦֻڷ·˻һûпһۣ˵ţŮ˺һӶûмҪƯŮˣ
ʦһϻյӣҲɵһĿڰʦ˼˻
ʦһۣһؿԼΣȻʵǸղ˵ˣ
Ҹֻûش˵Ů˺ˡ
ʦֿȻ˵ŮȻƯһ֪ˣһֻһֻ
Ҹоûж⣬һûĿ
Ҳɵķ˸ۣ˵˭֪ʱǲǱ˼ҸԵߵͲ֪ˡ
ȻǸŮߵҵǰңǾβĺᣬǸǴ˵е𡣡
ʱһû뵽ǲ۵Ȼ𣬶ǰǸŮӾȻǾβĺᣬΣп϶ʮֵĸʱҲ֪ʲô˼Ժ֡
ʦ˵˶٣Ȼ˵Ů˾Ͱ彻ң˵Ϊ˸лҾֻС꣬˵ԺҪʲôҪæģȥһæ
ʦ˵ͣǵɴ۾ʦ벻Ȼôһ
ˣʦʵ
ѽ㻹ôʦЩֵĿ˵
ҺٺٵЦ˵ʦҲ֪Ů꾫죬˵ҾͻһʦˣֻǶ˵ʦ˼һûд֮ļҪȻ϶һ档
ϹŻЦʦ֪ҿ϶ûʲô飬ҲǻعϽɫʦʵ˼ǲҪʦޣΪǣ
ҸղŵĿʦɫֺ˼֣صĺһҺϵ亹ˡ
壬ȥ𣬾˵ɽææԸЩձʤҪϺܶࡣ
ʦĻϽİǿ˹Ȼʦʵʲôط
ɽˮسһǵطһƬ֣棬֣һֱߴԼʮؾܿ
ôԶһû֣Ƕˡʦ˵
ֻʦָָ棬Ծ˵ҺѾͷ˵ˣһֱǲϲ˵СӻǸһȥУҪסֱһҪԶԶͣ£ΪЩϲ˴š
ʦĻûҵ˵ͷȻߵ棬Ұʯͷӽ˹˵һ£ʯͷüȩ̧̈ǼһһĴȣֱӾɴ۾˵Ҳ٣꾫ѽʿСүʦֱҪ̫ţƣ
ûǼһǿһֻۣᷨܺһɽϣŷˣҲܰæչˡ
ȥӵһȻʦֱϷɻͷȥɻļʻԱǴžװľˣһξֱӶõľӵ
ҹߵĿĵأǰΪֱǼܺ飬ȴ˸ÿͣضĵصȥ֮⣬϶κĹģ·ɻʱȶġ
ɻͣˮһûأȻ󲿶ɳʦ˵Ƭָȥʱӣ֣һ·ɻǸͲϢֱӱĿȥˡ
ĿĵأѾ賿ĵˣǼ򵥵ĳ˵㶫ȻһСᣬһ˾ȥ
ƬֵؼΪĿ²аʮصķΧǰʦ˵ģ֣Ȼһ·űȥ
ǼһѾָһ뵽ܹ˵еĺ꾫̲ס˷ܣʯͷҲһʮָȤӡ
˴صӣԽоԽЩԾָоǱ˸һ
û˵ʲôͼʯͷͣתͷҺ˵Ҹоʲôڶǡ


355 ׺
ĻҺӶͣǼһҲо쳣ʱ۾ĴĴš
ǵĲӵ˾˵طа׺겻֪ô˳ȥ˲˵͵ԣЩ͵Եкܶ඼Īӵ棬˶˵úˣЩ͵Ե˶ˡ
뵽еͻͻֱ˶ŵĸо˶оˣԲдʲôѲ͵԰׺ˣ
ͣĴʱǰͻȻһУӼϵС⺿֨֨ĽֻæǺӣԵüΪη塣
Ƕ֣ղŵĽмǵĺСҪϸĶ࣬Ե
ֻǽǰĲݴ֮кȻһʲôҪ˳һ
ʱֻСӽſӵıϣһҲҶֻҲſ˵ϣӺ޲ýԴȥ
ǰëСӺͱǼΪͨ飬ڵı֣Ҿ֪ط϶ǸоΪΣյĶ
̧ͷĶǰĲݴԡֻԽԽЩǵ˷𣬿ѾǸŵΧ
ڣһɫӰڳǰֻǶȻһֻѩףûһɫĺꡣ
ǺֻСèҪһ㣬ֻһ˫۾ȴǺɫģȥԵʮֵĹ졣
ɫС꣬һﶼһǻûǷӦֻΧĲݴַ˿һֻһֻİɫڲݴ˳ŵΧЩֻŵĽΧм䣬ҿƣЩ궼ǳ˵⡣
һô꣬ǼһŵòһҲ٣־ͰѺĳ˳
һѽһסѵŻȥȻе㲻ģɰѵ˻ȥ
תͷЩֻ꣬Щ궼Ǳ׵ë֪ǾǾβĺᣬҪǸѾεĺ꾫ġܸЩ˳ͻ
ǰЩ꣬Ҳɵķ˳ЩǶżΪǿҵĵ⡣ǱЩ͵Եļһǵã˳Ҳǵ͵ԱֻЩ˻Ҹ֪ôǽ
ʱǰЩȻֻ˿мóһͨʱֻߴĺں˹
ֻһİ׺ҪҲֹȥǹһԭ׹⻬ëƤѾ˻ҰɫȥԵüΪĲϣҲ֪жˡ
ֻֻϺߵǰ棬һֻۣоȻŨŨɱ⣬вɵĴ˸ͻͻ֪Ҫ£
ֻֻϺһ֮ͷͷһУСһֻϺĺһȻͬˮһ㣬Ǿͳ˹
ΣӺʯͷҲ̲סˣԼ֪ȱģʱɲܸЩ˳ͻ֮ҲЩöǾͺιǲ͵Եģ󣡡
ЩҵĻǾ˹
ЩԽԽһ͵һڻץʦҵǿ壬ָ߸ߵľţЩ꺰ѣǵˣ
ЩСڳ壬վںֻϺڿе֮Ӷһ£ԭǵ۾澫ⱩǣȻֻϺͷַһС
ֻǵĺйЩۿҪ嵽ǸǰСȫͣȻź˻ȥȻһҲ󣬼ֱѵصľһ㡣
֪ԼóãʱЩǿ壬ͣĶֻϺ꺰ţѣѽΪһλˣ
һʱҲ֪ôƺǸѾεĺ꾫ֻù˳ƺ
ֻϺҲ֪ûö˵Ļ˿е壬ҵĽȻתźߣЩСҲؽ˲ݴ֮С
ӽصϣĨһͷϵĺˮֵĿ˿е壬Ȼ˵ʿСүҿ˼Ǹȥѽ
ҰŻػӺʯͷһ֣˵˼ϣ
˽ĸֻϺֻϺҲ֪ʹ˻Ǳʲôԭ·ʮֵĻҸǵ㶼
ߵ˴ʮ֣ǰҰͻȻÿֻǰѾ֣ǳһƬĲݵء
Ƭݵ泤˻ĲݣЩĲݶܸߣ㵽˵䣬Զǲ㲻ϴн¥ߣҲǳ˻Ĳݣȫò
вɵĸ֪ӦþǴ˵еɽطһںΰĶ࣬ԲűΪɽôȥˣط紵ܵģѾôһ۵ˡ
ǰﰲβסļһ뵽ϾҪ˵еĺ꾫̲סЩţ꾫˵껹ʦеʲôϸ
Ȼʦ˵ļ򵥣һ㶼ţǾֻ˵ĺ꣬˼Ҿͻ͸ǿ壬϶ʲôûиҡ
ʯͷҲЩţ˭֪ʱֻϺȴͻȻͣȻתͷǡ
Ҹ㲻ֻϺҪʲô̽ʵôˣ
ֻֻϺǵĽȻ̧ǰצĵ档
ҿǵӣ̽ʵ˵š
ҵĻֻϺǵĺһȻ˵ͷ
æ˵֪ˣžǡ
ֻϺҲûǣתͷǰȥ
Ҳ٣ҲѽȻҪ֮ͨǽӵֻϺԶЩš
һƨĵһ˵ȵȾǡ
˭֪һȾһСʱǰȻûа㶯һҶסˣ˵⵽òǽȥôҲ˵һѣ˵ڶѾˣͶöӹĽˡ
ʱǰĲݴ洫һ󻩻춯ΪֻϺˣɵĸ˭֪ݴԷֿȻֻ߳Сꡣ
ֻֻСĿжһֻɽŵǽµĵϣصĽȻת߽˲ݴ֮С
Ҳ٣԰ɣӽֻɽһۡ
ǰĲݴԣ֪治֪Ŷٺ꣬ӲǲˣֻеˣҲ֪浽ô£Щɽǿ϶ǻҪٵȻᡣ
Ӱֻɽʰɾ˸ѿһͿֱͣȻӵղڴһﻹԶ򵥵ĳ˵㣬ʣµȫ򷢸СӺͱˡ
һȾ͵ȵĵ࣬ǰĲݴڴֻһֻϺ˳ǵ£Ȼתͷߡ
֪ǽȥˣϽĺ棬˹ȥ
ߵ֮ǰϺȴĺת˹ȥ泤˳ĻĲݣԶʲôҲý˿Է֣ЩĲ֮кܶԶԶĶѨЩСƽĵط
ЩѨ֣˵ѲҲҪȥ
ֻϺƵĺ棬˹ȥ
Ҹ󣬲ݴԣطȻһܹ϶ȥͨͨյм䡣
ֻߵ˾ͷȴмȻһεƽ̨ƽ̨ڻĲУͿ
˳ƽ̨ûжԶһʯźȻǰֻϺҲͣʯǰ棬Ķǽ
֪ƿʯžܹߵ棬ɵЩʯŵӺǳأӦǺܾûб˸򿪹ˣԼǲС
ͷһʯͷӣ֪ҵ˼ߵǰһʯ֮ϣ˹ȥ
ֻʯŴһ֨֨Ĵ˿¶һµͨ


356 
ұΪʯŴ֮һƬڰǳϵǣⶴȻһҲڣеɫĹ˳
ʯŴ򿪡ֻϺ굱˽ȥǸϽĸţʯ¶ȥģһǲŷ˶йߵԴͷԾĳ͡
ֻⶴм䣬Ȼһֻ޴ĺֻ꣬ʦ͸ҵ弸һģһֻȴҪ࣬޴֮ڡ
ֻ޴ĺҲǵ̵һ㣬ķڵϣӨĹâɢġ
˳ǰ޴ĺֱͬһ㣬ô˴һֻ꣬꿴ȥȻͲǵ̵ģһ㡣
ûʱһŮ˵洫
Ů˵һ㣬·ͷɵһ𣬸Ͻȥ
ֻһµŮӣʱİǺĻУԱվһֻϺꡣ
Ů˿ȥʮͷһѩۻķ·𴵵һ㣬òҾȻһʱ֮䲻֪ȥݣΪŮʵ̫Ϣ޷ݡ
ƺ˵ķӦŪЩŮĺһ
ĺҲǷӦ˹аŮȻȥᣬһֻɵΣҲ֪˶٣˵ʦǾʶôҲҵǰȷʵЩò
ƳۿԱߵһֻۣһ۾ֱˣʹšˮҪҸϽֳһһѹ
ȻתͷǰںеŮʩһ񡣿˵ʦǰ
ŮҵĻƺЩԾۣһҾûľͺҶãʵΪŮ̫
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Сĵ̧ͷһŮӣֻϴһ˿İģ˿˼ֱ۵ȥΪƴĳ嶯
氵ʦϼһＸ䣬֮϶еʲô£ҪȻŮҲӡ
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ʱŮ˽˻ȻתͷֻϺ˵ҪȥǸˣտˡ
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ǸŮ˵֣߳ȻϳֱϾ͵ຣȻֱȥ
һ·ļ٣Ҳ֪ʦôˣɽ죬Ҷסéݷ
ǷˡԶŮ˾Ϳ˵
Ļ֣˵éݷôˣѲЩʦ
ҸôСһ㣬ͿŮ˵һգۼǰʧˡ
һ°ҸŪһ㶣һӾдУҲ٣أ
ղŵһзʵ̫죬ֻգۼĹŮ˾ǰʧˣҺӴ۵Сۣ֪ŮȥֻʯͷָͷǰָָȻ˵Ƿ档
ʯͷĻǸϽǰȥֻûãéݵķű˿Ů˳Ȼ˵ǸУѾˡ
ĻҴһЩձ˶ʦԲкУ϶Լˡ
ǸϽܵ棬ֻһϵ˺дʱϥڵϣ԰ֽǰѪ³ģ˶ʶǸ̸ǷסĺУ
ǽŬ̧ЦЦȻ˵
ҸϽ˵ͷʵʦô£
ֻЦһ£Ȼ˵ЩʦķұǸˡ
˲°ɣʦǵȥˣҽʵ
ҪҪЩʱˣʦʹһﶼȥˣЩձ˲֪ʲô취ȻһŮʯǰ᪴Ѿѣò˶þܸˣһﶼƴȫȥֹˡ
ҴѾû뵽Щձ˵ٶȾȻô죬ǰ᪴߾Ҫˣʦڽȥ̫Σգ
뵽治ɵżʱֻվŮ˶˵ǵٶ̫һˡ
˵û˶ܳȥһﻹİӰӣŮ˵ķǿȥæҸоİ١
תֲ鿴һºƣȻ˵ʦһû⣿
ֻ˰֣˵û£ǲҪ󣬸Ͻȥȥһỹһ
Ļûٵ飬ļ٣ĸеҪġ
ͺǼӿŲķȥ˴аʱڸеɽ£ʱѾ΢΢ļֿ́ʱ䣬Ѿˡ
һϽɽǰʯͷȴһתͷ˵ǰѪζ
ĻһﶼСĵǰȥûжãֻǰִľᣬǰֵؾȻΪƽء
ҿżӰڵϣһҲ˵״
Щ˶ˡʯͷǰҺ˵
ǸϽܹȥֻϵʬߣ˴Ӵ·ʦǵʽ
ˣʱӶһʬǰЩ͵ĶǺ
ӵĻ֪ȥĿ϶ԼˣϽߵǰǾʬĿҲɵĵһսȭͷ
ԭȥĲǱˣǸǹĺ֣¡
Ǻһһʱ䣬ȻʯͷҲ಻˼仰˻ǲģһʱദҲǢû뵽ʱ򿴵ľȻʬ塣
Ҽһµʬ壬ֻؿһ󶴣صλãǻһƬѪģ಻֪Ǳץ˻ȡˣȥҲ̶á
ҲүСձµʬ壬۾ˣҧÿֱ֨졣
ҵ۾ҲˣӵļʯͷʱȴͻȻ̧ͷȻ˵ж
ĻҺӻΪЩձأˢһڱҪ׼ƴ
˭֪ʱֻȴǰ˳ȥȻͣӣͷصĽ
ֻй֮ǰŴǺ֮ȥȻż˿˷ܡ
ǺΧһ춯Ȼ¶һ˫˫ĵ۾Щ۾˶һƥƥǡ
һߴӰг˳ͣӣǸǰıвͣĵصĽţǰצͣĴŵ档
һ۾ϳˣǵһνʱҪʱ̧ͷǣ׹¶Ȼֻǲ⡣
ֻֻվǵǰ棬صĽţ·ڸʲôһ
Ǽһ￴Σһѽ˵ʣֻҪѽүҶզ֪ģϿЩǶү
ֻͷһۣһ°ۣȻָֻţ̧֪ͷһֻۣһҷеĵҪ࣬Ǵż˿ɻ󣬿ֻĻЧ
ֻֻĽȻһ˵ͷзһХִһ춯ֻһЩǲûߣȫ˻棬ֻǽֻ˹վǰ
ĸߴ󣬸СţӲ࣬ȥе˵ȴǹ˲ô࣬ΪҼҪҵʦµʬҲܾˡ
ҸϽʯͷڵϼ򵥵˸ӣ棬˲ڣȻҪȥ
˭֪Ǹո߳һֻȴͻȻһҧסӵĿȡ
һ£Ȼͣ˵Ȼദôãطļңѡ
˵ӸһⱷԴ׼ߣ˭ֻ֪ȴҧסĿȡ
ֻֻͣ˵үһмأҡȻֻ
˭ֻ֪Ӹ֮󣬾Ȼ˹ҲһھҧסҵĿȣҸ˦ͻȻЩԾ
ֻ˲˵ֱ̼˲࣬˷϶ʲôԭ뵽һҶӣʵǲʲôҪǣ
ֻֻҵĻ֮ſɿҵĿȣɴ۾ң˵ĵ˵ͷ
û뵽ⱷҪ˵ҸӸо֣ʵʲô顣
ֻֻԴһᣬȻصĽͷ̧ǰצָָֻߴ
Ķȫɵˣ֪⵽ʲô˼ɻ
ֻֻҲƺеżԴһᣬȻ嵽ձʦʬԱߣصĽǰצָָֻ
Σ͵һ˵˵֪Щձʲôط


357 ϳ
ֻҵĻ֮Եʮֵ˷ܣлĽȻĵ˵ͷ
תͷֻȥȻһЩطģ仰˵ǲطˣЩձ˾Ҳ㲻ЩǵĿ⡣
Щ֪Щձ˵ѣƺǶ棬ҪȥĻ϶ʦǷֿһʱЩԥ
ʯͷһۣʵΣ
ֻʯͷĬƬ̣Ȼ̧ͷ˵ҾҵЩձ˵ѱȽҪӦڵֿǵˣϳһ飬ǿԳᣬ˵ܰЩŮʯ
ʯͷĻǼһ˵һĴȡ˵ӲЩСڿ϶ûʲôˣں͵͵һѻЩӾ군ˣ
Ǽһһ˵һ߹ŻЦҵ˵ͷŮҲȥʦæˣʱӦòʲôΣգ͵Ϯʱ
ȥֻ˵
ֻֻߵĸǰصĶţڽʲôһ֮ӣֻԼĺϣȻ쳤Хһеٻȫ˳
ȻǰȥֻſıϡصĽһϽȥ
ֻЩǲûɽתһ䣬Χɽ¶ߣƵɽĺ棬ԽǰߣЩǵĶԵԽСģ׷֪Щձ˵ѾԽԽˣҲԽСġ
ʱЩǴǼǰߡǰͻȻһأǵͻȻȥһһӡ
ǸСĵߵӱߣȥֻһ춼ѾȫˣĿ徰ֻǶ⣬һ˫һɢĵĹâ
ʱֻߵǸǰصĽȻ̧ǰצָָǰķ
ĶҾͽ֪ǵط϶Щձ˵ϳ治ɵĽ
Ǵһҵľ룬ȥǲڶڵֻѡ
ط̫ߣҺܶټѾȫˣǸҲȥĵ·ֻתͷֻ˵ܴܲȥ
ֻֻתͷصĽһ£ƺЩԥǶӣֻԼĺȥ
֪ͬȥڵʱתȺһУǰ˹ȥ
һȺûиҲֻȥʮֵΣգԲûǸ
صıԵǰ˲ԶȻһͨĵ·ֻ·滹˻ĲݣȥΪС
ͱ۾ܹǰ棬Сĵĸں档
˽СʱǲֻȫǵͰľ滹ܿ⣬Ѿû˰Ӱӡ
Ǽһǰ߳ţղǻʲôš
˭֪Ļո˵꣬ͼһӻζһ£зһȻͨһſ˵ϡ
ӵӣΪһﲻСˤˣһҲ飬֪طЩձ˵ϳԶԽе
ҲүղźиӰˡˤ֮͸ϽҪڵվֵ˵
ǻûվȣǰоͻȻһ
壬壡ζ
󣬿ڼžҹڷӣͷͻͻֱ
Ҳ٣Ǳ¶ˣʱǼһʶԼִˣ˵
ΣҵȻ֪ǼһЩձŪĻˣһ룬Щձ˿϶ϾҪˡ
ҵطϽغãһֲʱʯͷ򶨵ĿڷԸ
ĻҺӸϽҵغԼΣ˵ҪЩСձӾ͸ݺݵһڶ֮˭˻治˵
˭֪ǶһֱһСʱǰûа㶯ûǡ
ȷղ˶õҪЩձڶڣҲԻõô£
ʯͷڿ£ҲЩֵ˵ûѽ
᲻ЩСձΪ˶ԸǵˣһҲûȫˣӲ²˵
վӣǰһ£Ȼ˵Щףֱڶûгǣ˵׼Ĳ²ҲģҪĻǿɾˡ
ҪǼǰʯͷ˵
ֻʯͷ˵ͷֻűߵǰ棬ǰߣȻزû˳ѰǣߵʮֵСģԽǰҾ;Խ̤ʵܸоʲôҪһ·˳е̫
һƬԣһǰһֻǲԶǰȻһںĶڣʱⶴ޴͵ƣǸղ濴Ĺյ͵Ʒġ
ڣǸϽſӣڲݴ棬ĵһᣬǶڰ㶯ҲûУûһ㡣
ȹȥʱʯͷתͷ˵
ҵ˵ͷ˵ҪСĵ㡣
ʯͷһȻſڲݵϣһһڲһǶھ˹ȥ
ֻʯͷСĵεڵλãڲݴִһᣬȻվͷ֡
Ӵһﶼ֪ûΣգϽǰ˹ȥ
վڶڣȥֻⶴкںȫκζһⶴڣ͸оһǿҵ÷ΣոУ·ⶴʲôҸе־Ķһ㡣


358 Ѫ
ڣʯͷӣֻϵ鶼Щ쳣ҡһҲо˴˴յĹŹ֣Ѿʼźȥ
طЩԾҪС
ʯͷĻû˵꣬ҾԵĵͻȻһ죬һĺӰ˳ΧһԲȦǸŵİΧ
⶯ǶһȥֻΧĺӰһоŸŸӰȫɫ׵ʽ
ЩʽҲɵõһֲӴ֮Щձûȥǵ鷳ԭڶ͵Ͷء
ֻͻȻðʽµĴһ׼һյͷܣֵǣЩʽû׷ܵҲûж
оЩԾǻûҷӦأͼǰ͵һ٣췢һҽУӾײһεǽһ㡣
ǿʮһ˲䣬ǵΧͻȻһɫĹâǻĹâΧסһ޴Ĺһ㣬Ǹ档
ǻɫĹâһҿϸǼһĽеҲ١ѲǱˣ
ֻʯͷüͷ壬غһһɫĹâ߷˳ȥǰֱ壬֪̽һ
ֻɫСǰֱɣһɵղŵĵطԭȥһĿͻȻһ죬ɫС·ʲôһ͵ĵ˻
ԼķɽʯͷĺһǱɽתһ߷ȥûɶԶһ˻
ȰǻǲҪ׷ˣǼʦֲµǸͳȥġʱ򣬶дһ˵
Ȼ˵ģԵĲǺЩ죬һ˵ҾȻоǳϤʱߵȴǴҲ٣ǰԭ˵
ʱҲ׹ֲ˵˵Ϥԭǰԭ
ֻ֮һӰڶе˳һֱߵͣ΢Цǡ
˶һۣزǸİԭֻɫ΢΢ףϵƻûȫԭ
Ǻǣ벻Ȼλѽδ꣬˵ҲԵŷֿûþȻּˡԭһɵ˵
ҲүбүҷŵһܣЩı۲ۣһⰲԭĻͼˣſھ
ǰԭҲûӵٺٵЦȻָָ̧ԼԴ˵Ҫӣֻ֪ʹڣΰİ߾Ҫˣûո˷Ѵ࣬ϣλ졣
ⰲԭ˵꣬תŶ˹ȥһ°ǼһĲᣬŶƿڴ
ԭӵţ·ûһ㣬ȴĿһҸоһɼΣգ߾Ÿʽ˹ȥ
ֻЩԭһʽԭ֮͵۾˹
ҷЩʽ۾Ȼǹĺɫͷͻͻֱ治ɵðп࣬ŸʽÿжһѳĴ󵶣һףǱ棬ռޣܶУһؿҪпͷˡ
ֻǾŸʽ۾֮Ӷϵ׷ֻűſڽһҲҶ
֪ЩϾҪǷˣ治ɵðп࣬ƳһߵСϽ߰ֻСһĽ⣬εıøߴ˲ͱһ콫
ȻСóɵĽ콫ЩʽҪ߳һ㣬ȥݣҪԼԸŸʽ϶ǴӮġ
Һʯͷӻ࿴һۣסеѾ׼Ҫսһ
ֻСöɵĽ콫ȻǰһֳȭһӾǸʽ˹ȥ
һУʽһӾͱҵĵ˳ȥȻǶεǽڣʽһ£ȥȴʲôҲûУֳʱʣµİֻʽڶˣǺС˹
Щ̫࣬ǱǸΧסˣһ˵ֱͷĴûСǿ壬ֻ¶
̧ľҪܿһʽĴ󵶣˭֪ʽĳ棬ЩһӾ͸ſ£ҸϽһèʽ˳ȥ
ЩʽΨһǸеҵǣЩĶôʱǻܶ㿪ǵĹ֪Ⲣǳ֮ƣЩ͸оۣȴŲ˶ãȥҲܰǸ
ȥүģǼһⱻһֻʽ׷ƨܣһһֱ̹Ӿʹʽţӵķɽ
ֻ۵һɽֱʽţʽûиоһͣûͣ
Ҿ֪Щ²Դǽ˵ˣҪǵͷС
ʱֻСóɵĽ콫һ˶ԸʽȻʽʱرҵĶᣬЩʽĴ󵶻һµĿϡ
Ҳ֪СܲܶסЩʽĹֻЩʽͣõʮֵĲˬ
һѪϾҼͷ˳ȥֱΧСһֻʽȥգۼϴ˸͸ʽûзӦ
Ѫϸоҵ⣬ʽĲӾͷ˹ȥȻʽĲ治ͣĴػʮΣʽԴںͲӷ˼ңȻһˤڵϣҲһ
ʱҿʯͷһڶֻʽĹĬĬĴ߶꣬ͨ˲ӿ뵽еľ棬ֻľϷһɫĹâҴһʯͷͳ˹ȥ
Ӹ߸ߵԾһֱʽԴ棬ֻԴ룬ȻҲƬһ˵ϡ
ʱʯͷҲһ͵һеĺڵֱӽһֻʽԴûҷӦʯͷֱһһžߵһֻʽ棬ߵź˿ʱʯͷȴϣһͽʽƬ
תͷȥֻǼһҲ׷ʽԴڴڵĴϢţȻղŸ۵Ĳᡣ
ھͻֻʣֻʽСûɵĽ콫ѷ֣콫ͱЩʽҪĶֻ࣬ѪϰæһһֻʽѪ͸˲ӣȻһ˵ϡ
ǽʽĿзһץסһֻʽĲӣֱӽڵϸȻһֳֻסĴȣ͵һʽһԴӲİ
ⳡ濴ǲɵһ񺮣ϵļƤˣǼһƲƲСǣ˵̫ˡ
ֻʽֻʣֻҲסСɵĽ콫ûö󹦷򣬾ͱȫԴ
ʱѪϷ˻СվԭأԵݣֻڶˣſڵһҲҶ
˵ҿСҪȻǿ϶һսСѾֹһεİҵĴæһ뵽ԼһμСʱвɵЩ
ʽ񶼸ʰɾˣСĵǰȥΪ֪ط󷨰ΧߵļΪСģȻûжԶҾ͸оǰ·𣬳һ͸Ĳǽڣסǵȥ·ǰ벽Ҳ߲
һεǽڣ˵үСձΪƶסүˣ
˵һеĳ嵽˵Ͻϵ죬Ȼһĭһץס߸ߵľд򽻵ƣ
ֻǼһǵͨ죬һһǰͿ˳ȥ
һ죡
ֻһͿεǽ棬ǽʱһĽ⣬ŽǼһȴͻȻһȻʲôһ㣬źͷ˳ȥһݺݵˤ˵ϣ֮£ǵȻҳһӡ
һ°ҺʯͷĿɿڴҸҪܹȥ鿴һһͼҡҡλεڵ
ޣ
µ˿еͣҺʯͷǽ̫Ӳˣ迳
˵ҵȻ֪㿳ҪȻھͳȥˣ˵ҵûˣʵû˰ɣ
ҡҡͷ˹˵û£û¡
ҿҲ£ɵһתͷǰǶεǽڣвɵ֡
Ǽһ֪ģһ¾ȻҲǽڣǰԭҪǸ󷨽ھͬһ㡣
뵽ҺһʯͷԱߵ˵ԡ
ҪСġʯͷҹе˵
ҵ˵ͷʾһ㣬Ȼ꣬ľֳһ㵭Ľ⡣
ʱҲһֱڵеľǰͿ˹ȥ
һ죬Ҹоþȫһǿʯͷ棬ҵһۣ·Ƕϵһ㣬ȻҸоǰƹһһɾ޴ľ淴˻ҵֱӸ÷ź˳ȥȻصҵ˵ϡ
һҵϣҸоԼؿһۣڵؿһڣҲ̲סˣſ۵һ³һѪ
ʱʯͷ˶ҵߣһѪһʯͷϽҸǰʵû£
ȻѪֻǸղűε淴ŪѪЩڣ˵ûУʯͷҡҡͷ˵Լû¡
ʱʯͷվӣǰѺڵ˵ԡ
һѾסҡҡͷȻ˵ҲģΪöܷõԽܵ˺ҲԽ󡣡
ô죬Ѳĳȥ𣿡ӵɴ۾ʵ
ĨĨǵѪҪʯͷϽҸȻܴһ£Ӻʯͷ˵κε󷨶ۣνҲģֻҪܹҵۣȻҲˡ
֪ģʯͷʵ
ҲɵÿЦһ£˵Ҫ֪ģڱ˻ʯͷҡҡͷ˵֪ǿҿʲôĵطһĵطǵطۡ
ҵĻӺʯͷһ㶼ûԥѰ漸˸飬ȴûҵڡ
ʱһﶼЩǰԭߵʱ˵ʲôϾҪˣڵôʱҲ֪ôˣҪǰ߸ѣǿɾĲˡ
뵽Ҽͷϵ亹ˣǼһﲻͣʯͷüͷһҲԣһﶼѾûһ취
˭֪ʱСûɵĽ콫ȴǶֻͷһۣȻŲǰ˹ȥ
ֻסǵ͸ǽ֮ǰ̧֣ݺݵһȭǰͺ˹ȥ
һ죬ͬһ㴫ǵĶ棬ΧĻƹ
ǵɴ۾ǰȥֻǽ콫ûҺһֱӸ÷ɳȥֻźһ
Ȼ콫ûб֪ղŵһȭһǷصԼϣֻǿƺⲻ
ʱѾûһİ취ˣ̧ͷϣ콫ϡ
ֻһǰ˳ȥһȭҵ͸ǽ֮ϣ˻
콫ûͣ£һȭһȭͣţÿһ͸ǽ涼ᷢɫĹâҷ֣ǽ콫ȭԽԽ࣬ǽϵĹâҲ𽥵ı䵭
һ˿ϣҲǽҲûйâʱҲĻƿ
飡
һ촫ֻһΣҷǽ콫ҵǽȥ֮ȻһӾɢ˿ֱ۾Ȼֱӱˡ
Ҳ٣ʱô£Ǽһ￴θһ
̧ͷǽ콫۽ЩʪÿһζзõԽ󣬷ҲԽ콫ȥûʲô£ЩȴǶ㲻ģֱ۲Żӡ
ûˣǽûͣ£Ǿ֣һȭǰȥ
ʱв֪ʲôζֻķǳܣǽ콫ĽеˣҪˣ
ֻȻͷҿһۣҿƺһ˿ЦݣȻ̧֣һȭһȭǰȥ
ǽϵĹâԽԽûиƿһУǽ콫Ҳ˿ֱѾȫûˡ
콫СûɣСǺԩСӣԹأҲΪʲôһʼϲСԭ򣬿ʱദҷСǱЩζСҲҼΣڿֱ۶ûˣҵ۾ɵĺˡ
ǶΪ콫ֱѾûУҲκΰ취û뵽ǵͷЦһ£Ȼź˹ȥֱһߵǽڡ
ĶҪʲôһҪѽ
·ûһȻٵǰţѾûֱۣԴȴǰš
Ѿļȥ۾һ̣һ촫ҵĶǲһʲôһ㡣
ײˣײˣӵľ
۾ֻǽ콫޴ڵϣԴѾˣӹţȻϵĻƹһ𽥱СıСӡ
ֻСĹڵϣֱۺԴѾʧȥΪұ
Сӣ̲סʹ۾ˮͣСѾ׵ĻɢˣΪ˾Ƕɢˡ
ӺʯͷҲ㶵ǸСûһϲã̧ߵСǰֽӸڵϡ
ƾˮҵӣû̧ȥľͣŵϵСǰǺԩֱ꣬óΪ˾ǣԶĻɢˡ
ʯͷ˶æһͰѿӸںˣڻӳǸľͷ̳ɵżԭСĻǣСѾϳأСĻɢΡ
ҰżСʬ嶼ŵ棬Ȼ˵ȻѾɢˣʲôҲˣҪ˵лл㡣
ӵ۾ҲЩʪ󣬽תһߣʯͷĬСϡ
ȻбʹҲ֪ҪҪ붴ȥֹǰԭ
ǰСʬȻŶ˽ȥֻֻСӶ治֪ʲôΣգǽȥͰﲻʲôæһСĻ
ߵļΪСģЩձʲô壬֪߽һ쳣ûз֡
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