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ҶϷֱݣȴ̤һʿĵ·Ϊң֮䡭 Сʦݺ


1 ɷ
׵ҶϵĴ̫ˣֲѵͻȻӵ˸׵ĵ绰Ҫϻȥһ档
׵һܽҶɸƭȥϸ룬ҲûǸҪȥֱ˼ҵ˼֮Ǹ˻ȥ
ֻǣԼҵԺʱѾкܶھӰ츸׵ɥˡ
ҶΨһˣ˵ĸСʱ򣬾͸ˣԣн죬Ǹһָġ
ҶϳԺӵʱ򣬾ͳ׵ɵˣԴ죬һ¶ԺУҲվˡ
Ȼ뿪ˣԺ쬵ģ紵ҶɹҲûһůˣΨһ´棬ѾȥˣҶĵ䣬Ҫˡ
ϵҶϹڵϣһ̣̲סᣬ֪˵ʲôãʧȥ˵ʹ޷
ϣɣһ㸸ǺˣǴϣһøãһλǰ˽Ҷϡ
ϣ㸸ˣ֪ԼѾԣγȥµʱͺ˵ˣҪúõھѵһλǰǸڵүүܻųүүǵһˡ
Ҷû˵ԴһƬհףʲôҲ벻ľګ߽䣬˸׵ǰߵͷϵΪʲôңΪʲô

ҹĻȻĽˣɽҹţ鱯ʹȥصĸˡ
þĵģǴ˲˼Ǵ˺ţɢˡҶϸĵˣչĸ׻ɷ
ʱߣ˼һɷһкܶలŵ飬ԣһ˶øһˣ븸׸ټһ档
ҹʱѵ˵ʱǻɷʱҶЩڴЩ¡Ȼ֮ǰŹִԣһԹײģڻ谵£вЩë
ڴʱһ紵õҲһˡ
ҶϻվѵлɷһΨһĲͬкɭĴŴžžžԺȥ
ҶŴ̨Ѱһ񣬵ڴʱţͻȻһ֨֨űƿһ
ҶȻŹ֮˵ȴҲܵӵӰ죬һЩֵĹ£оͰ˻ɷһ˵
ҶٴתĿɨһĵģûһˣҲͣˣĴ򴰻Ҳˡȴ֮һݶһǽϣһ̨
һ̣ҶȴûɵĿ־壬һһķƤҲð˼ƤúйӣǿѣָоС
ԼԼ׳֮˵ܵ棿
ǼѰһֻǾʱ򣬹ľ֨֨֨Ĺ֮һ׵ľˣŸܹеĿ־壬ĿεŹľԽԽͣŹľİʣҲ֨֨ŹľһС϶һѩ׵ûһѪɫӴӹײķ϶˳
ϵû𣿡ҶϾе
ϣΪѾˣҷһٵ˾Ϊʮӣкܶ໰Ҫ˵Ī£Ϊ˺ģѩ׵ûκεı仯ǣɭȴӷлصţպǹ졣
ϵΪʲôΪʲôһҶϺţϤӣû˿η壬Ǹ˹ȻηŸס
ϣΪʱޣ˵Ϊ֪Ѿԣ⣬˭Ҳı䲻ˡΪҪ㣬Ҫ𣬺úõػصӣúõػȥ˶ɭĻ䵴
𣿡ҶֱӪʱѵҲ侲жϳײʵ˭˭ϵ
ˣϣſ£͵ʲô¶ûзſ¡ɭȴһ˿ůһֹػһְһ޷˵Ĺ顣
ҺƴˣֱֱɱǡҶϻص
ˣ˵ĽŲ
ӣúûȥԱϣѩ׵֮󣬳һֻ֣һҶϵԴһ̣ʲô֪ˣоԼۣ˯һʹ˱۾

һʱȥˣҶϻ۾ûһ⣬ĵģһһˣʲôˡ
ҶϾ˾񣬵õʱ򣬼ӰӶڷϵңЩӰûһǰһĵӰ
ιǸʲôʵΣҶϲٿ־֣лЩǹȴҲ£Ӱӱ˹ȥ
һ˲䣬ЩӰͻȻʧӰ١
ߣߣСܿǡԺдɭĻ
Ҷ󲽱ſڣֻ⣬ͷɢɫ׵Ӱ׷ʱƮҹУҲûһӰˡ
ҶüһжΣǻþйԼԼһ⣬ʣ޼ֱһжģ
Ҷϻæӣ̳ҵ񣬵ȼ
׵ʬ壬ȻڹײУһ㶯ûУҶ룬Ϊʲôûг֣أȥˣ
ΪȷԼǲΣǲĻɷˣҶϴҿײģҲ˲ÿײТĵˣҶһֺеֱ׾ڹײУû뿪
֨֨֨ײĴˣ׵һֽݡ
ϵϵҶϿʼףֻǸûлӦ
ʲôҶͻȻָ׵ظϣôһֻаƴСĹĵģװ˺ܶණӡʱ򣬾ҶԼַŽȥģʱҲûⶫ
Ҷʰ𲼴˷ڲһЩֵĶˡװһ飬ȰƻСӡС⻹һСӣëʴдš裬ٵ֡
Ҷϴ˺ӣȻСڲȴ㣬һϷдС֡衱һ㿴ȥװıȽϾ£дС֡ٵ
򿪲һУгʮҵҩҩ֮ϣϹ⣬ȥ졣
ţִдšٵһУͻȻзĹâӶĹâˡ
ʲôʣ˺ӣȡǱȰƻС鼮
éɽëӳ˵éɽʿһЩԣéɽʿǳħа
ôЩôһֱ֪أ
ҶͻȻһ£ӽˣǸ׳̳ƽģֻʱС£곤ŴӱִͬǵˣһˣҲ˼ǵˣֻھүүһʱǼ¡ȻѾǳ£һִ˵Ѿûȥ֤ʵǷʵˡ
ʣҶϴ鼮ֻ˭Ҳ벻һʱĺ棬ıһˣӴˣ̤һƮʿ֮·


2 ɷ2
ҶϸϻˣֻΪ׵һ棬ϧˣԺӵʱѾкܶھӰ츸׵ɥˡ
ҶϣֲӵĳԱʮ꣬ʮյ죬ӵ˸׵ĵ绰ҪѸٸϻأͼ׵һˡ
Ҷ϶˵ʰΨһˣ˵ĸСʱ򣬾͸ˣԣҶн죬Ǹһġ
ֻǣԺӵʱ򣬾ͳ׵ɵˣԴ죬һ¶ԺУҲվˡ
Ȼ뿪ˣԺ쬵ģҲûһůˣΨһůѾȥˣҶĵ䣬Ҫˡ
ϵҶϴһ̣̲סᣬ
ϣɣһ㸸ǺˣǴϣһøãһλǰ˽Ҷϡ
ϣ㸸ˣ֪ԼѾԣγȥµʱͺ˵ˣҪúõھѵһλǰǸڵүүҶܻųүүǵһˡ
Ҷû˵ԴһƬհףʲôҲ벻ľګ߽䣬˸׵ǰߵͷϵΪʲôңΪʲô

ҹĻȻĽˣɽҹţ鱯ʹȥλΰĸˡ
þĵģǴ˲˼Ǵ˺ţɢˡҶϸˣչҶϵĸ׻ɷ
ʱҶϲߣ˼һɷһкܶలŵ飬ԣһ˶øҶϣ븸׸ټһ档
ҹʱѵҶǲŹִԵģһ˹ãľګӣѾӵȥһˡ
ڴʱһ紵õҲһˡ
ҶϻվŴѰһ񣬵ڴʱţͻȻһ֨֨űƿһ
ҶȻŹ֮˵ȴҲܵӵӰ죬һЩֵĹ£оͰ˻ɷһ˵
ȻתĿɨһĵģûһˡ
Ҷ̾һ֮˵ܵ棿
תҪѰһʱһѩ׵ûһѪɫӳˣǰ
ϵˣҶϾе
ϣΪѾˣҷһٵ˾Ϊʮӣкܶ໰Ҫ˵Ī£Ϊ˺ģѩ׵ûκεı仯ǣտȴӷлصţպǹ졣
ϵΪʲôΪʲôһҶϺţû˿ľ¡
ϣΪʱޣ˵Ϊ֪Ѿԣ⣬˭Ҳı䲻ˡΪҪ㣬Ҫ𣬺úõػصӣúõػȥ˶ɭĻ䵴
𣿡ҶֱӪʱѵأжϳײʵ˭˭ϵ
ˣϣſ£͵ʲô¶ûзſ¡ɭȴһ˿ůһֹػһְһ޷˵Ĺ顣
ҺƴˣֱֱɱǡҶϻص
ˣ˵ĽŲ
ӣúûȥԱϣѩ׵֮󣬳һֻ֣һҶϵԴ

һʱȥˣҶϻ۾ûһ⣬ĵģһһˣʲôˡ
ҶĿɨõʱ򣬼ӰӶڷϵңЩӰûһǰһĵӰ
ιǸʲôҶϴ𣬳Ӱӱ˹ȥ
һ˲䣬ЩӰͻȻʧӰ١
ߣߣСܿǡԺдɭĻ
Ҷ󲽱ſڣֻ⣬ͷɢɫ׵Ӱ׷ʱƮҹУҲûһӰˡ
ҶüһжΣǻþйԼԼһ⣬ʣ޼ֱһжģ
Ҷϻæӣ̳ҵ񣬵ȼ
׵ʬ壬ȻڹײУһ㶯ûУҶ룬Ϊʲôûг֣أȥˣ
ҿ˹ײģҲ˲ÿײТˣã׾ڹײУû뿪
֨֨֨ײĴˣ׵һֽݡ
ʲôҶϿ׵ظϣôһֻаƴСĹĵģװ˺ܶණӡʱ򣬾ԼģʱҲûⶫ
Ҷʰ𲼴˷ڲһЩֵĶˡװһ飬ȰƻСӡС⻹һСӣëʴдš裬ٵ֡
Ҷϴ˺ӣȻСڲȴ㣬һϷдС֡衱һ㿴ȥװıȽϾ£дС֡ٵ
򿪲һУгʮҵҩҩ֮ϣϹ⣬ȥ졣
ţҶִдšٵһУͻȻзĹâӶĹâˡ
ʲôҶϴʣ˺ӣȡǱȰƻС鼮
éɽëӳҶ˵éɽʿһЩԣéɽʿǳħа
ôЩôһֱ֪أ
ͻȻһ£ӽˣǸ׳̳ƽģֻʱС£곤ŴӱִͬǵˣһˣҲ˼ǵˣֻھүүһʱǼ¡ȻѾǳ£һִ˵Ѿûȥ֤ʵǷʵˡ
ʣҶϴ鼮ֻ˭Ҳ벻һʱĺ棬ıҶϵһˣӴˣ̤һƮ֮·


3 ͨ
ҶϵĸѾʮˣҲéɽƵġߡˡ죬Ҷϴӷس˺ܶң֮ص˼ҡ
ϸ磬ڼ𣿡һŮԺд˽
Ҷ΢΢һЦǸүүŮأһͨȴᣬɣһ˵Ůӣڵģɣ
ϸ磬Ǽ˺⣬үүȥԷһ̤һ˵ţǣһӣգ۾Щֵʵϸ磬Ҫô
Ҷ׼һЩֵĶһż̳˻ƲϷմһʢС֮һͨһֽ꣬ţһ顣
ؿЩȴһľ£æ˼
£ֻѡҶϼæ˵
һ˿㯵ɫ鸽ƽҶϵԣϸ磬쵽ҼҳԷɣȻ˶ˣ
ô˼ÿǼҳԷأҵȻԼɣԴӸһֱã벻ͨϽξĻɷʼоéɽѧ˺ܶδţδĹ¡˵ȷǻɷˣҽǰĶˡ
ϸ磬СʱÿҼҳԷôȴǻˣ˵ţӸ첲Ҷϣ߰ɣ߰ɣ
ȷôһ㣬ǣһ𳤴÷ȴһҲʲôֵġ
ҶϱƳ⣬ҲٿЦűڼұԺ
ڳŵһ̣ȴĻͷһȫһսһ˿ĺâ

үүǵô飬һĸҶϼвˣ⣬Ҷڸߺҵһּҵů
ͱϣүүĽҶϽеԼķ䣺ϣ㿴ҲСˣȻؾˣүүҸ飬úõعӰɣ
үүһᡣҶϼæص
ũĺӶ磬үү͵ʱѾˣүү˵ţ㲻Ҫ룡
Ҷ˳үү߿ȥߴıˡ
үүֻǸѣ˶Ҳ岻֡үүҶ߶ˡ
صУҶϿʱ䣬Ѿˣæˮˮ壬ϴϡжͨһŵ˽⣬ϸĻ
νͨ飬ʵΪΣ࣬ʿͨҲܵײơ
һΪ飬Ϊνͯ׶ΣΪ˹ͨĹܵΪ֮һ׶εʿܵƣͨȫǹǹˡ
ҶҪģҪͻƵһ㣬Ϊʿ
ʱѵҶ徻ɾ·Զ̳ȼ̴ڣȻڵϣջֽţͷָڵϻһʮ֣Сѹڡʮϣϣõʽϯضһ΢գͷںŴΣȻֳɱ״µĬġ
λ̫ϾԶɣʦˣɽˣɽСãϺũԯʵۣۣ̹ʥĸԪʴۣɽɣɽɣ쿪ʣأ̳Ԫ˧éǶʮޣֳַ䷨ҶԸѣβħаȴԸǧǧӦ飬顭
ͨҶ˸һɫĹâֹâӺҹһĳ
ʵͨʿӺҹ磬ؼܿ
ڶͨһ٣ֻпͨܺ͹н
ͨΪҪС˵еĸӦٽ֮ͨˣܴӻ΢仯гǷйֳû
ͨ٣޽Ų·ʿûţͲ׷ƮƮȥĹꡣ
ͨ©ͨͲͯ׶Ҫյͨˡ

Ҷغһ³ɹĽˣ˳ĳΪһͽͯʿ
ЩҶϼʱ磬ʱǹֳûʱǴӷ̳֮һľִӲȡ˸һЩƷ
ҲΪεģзĲͰɫɫɫɫɫ࣬ɫͬʱҪʩߵĵҲߣĵҲɫ֮ɫɫִ֮͵ǻɫҲͨķ
󲿷ʿһ㣬һֻͣʹûɫĵϣǿʩչ߼ķ󲿷ڷ޷ʩչǻԵɺʩչɹҲ⵽ķɣ߾ң죬ѪȻǵʿҸУҲɳ߼۹򰺹ıʯķ󲿷ֵĵʿһĵʵͽıڣǮƹ򰺹ıʯ͸߼ķֻֽʹЩɫ
ķʩյķ󲿷һµģΪʩʩʱӦķſʩչȻҲЩҪķ߲ҪеķҪеķͨڶʹãռͷ
ҶеЩɫռͷ̸УǸոţԣֻʹЩռ͵ķ
ţҶһ·ҲǺнģǹŹأʱѾӽ֮ʱӦöˡ
ӵ棬һڣүүһ˴ԣϸʮǡ֣ʱȥˣ壬ûȥᣬʬڣڵȻʮ꣬кܶźݴԺҲʲôһ˹ͷ˴Ŀġ
ǸʱֻҪϣŮСĿɭһϣһƬû˸ҽӽˡ
ҶĵطѡڣѾΪʷﻹ᲻й»ҰҲ˵׼ǰ껹ŮӵĿԲ٣Ӧûй»Ұڡ


4 
һӺҶվȻݻƵĲݵϣ쬵ķ磬ЩŹա
ҶϲЩʧԭﶼûйˣûйڣ׵ĻɷȻһΡ
̾һת뿪˼ͻȻһ紵һǧƮҶƮ
ҶһзëԼ˸ȻûнŲָоȴԽԽǿҡ
ҶͻȻתվһˣЩûԴЩû۾Щȱ첲ȣЩѪһͨģй꣬ɫɷףҹɫ֮УЩɫףΪĿ
ѵǹҶϴæӱϰľ۶Ⱥꡣ
ʱһϹĿһƮƮ
ˣֻа׵ľ룬ҶϿˣȻǴ˵еĻ́ΣһλŮӣŮһϮ£΢紵£ƮƮɣɴ棬ݡ
Ļ́κܿͣҶϵǰŮӽҿɴһѩ׵ףʱҶϵǰ
˱ʿҶʶ˼
ҼңȥŮ˵ˣɭսЧǻտܴ
Ҷȫһʱ˵¹ǾαˣһμôĽ룬ܲ£
ֻǣԼԼ׳ѾǷˣľлɫǲҿġ
ǣɺܿ챻ˣŮһ磬Ÿأৡһӱ㿿Ҷϣɷ׵ףֻһҡ
ץܳˡŮɭЦˣֻ۾һѪᣬѩ׵£ΪֻۣͻȻ˳ƮҶϵǰ֮ſСѪ죬̼Ҷɶ
ҶϺԥһվ⣬̽һϢ֮ɣֱƣǸٶȾֻŮˡһ֣ٶȿ죬Һ磬ܣӼ
СһϣСӣŮͻȻһֻѩ̫ţϵƣ㹻һ׵ȡ
Ҷһ٣ѸڵϻһȦٴм仭һʮ֣커ػʮԪү
ʮֻ飬һ˲ҶϵǰӲֱۣѪĴһ˲ƽס
̫ϾҶϱ۾



һ˲䣬ҺȺĶ飬һˡ
Ҷ۾Լܣһ͵ĹâǵâֱͨʣҶϰС
Ϲһ쳤ܵĲݴԣľʼˣ𣬾Ҷγһ籩ҶϺɶ
Ҷϴ󺧣Ȼ赲һĶ飬ȴֹֹĹ֮
æҧУľϵһѪǰѾ׼õͯľ֮ϡﲻò˵һ£ҶϵͯԴͲԼϡ
ľ񣬽˼Ѳ˺겻¡ﵽˣ籩ȻҶϱ籩УֱӺ˳ȥҲڴʱˡ
ۡҶһѪѾ˰⡣
̫ŶƮƮķˣ¿ƶĲ̼ȻѪٴ
ȥɣҶϴеĻɫ׼Էգʹ˳ȥ
ۡŮһҺɫˣŻɫķŮͻȻȼ˻棬Ůӽţڵϴ
Щ飬״һɫ̣һ֮£Զˡ
Ů˼ͻȻһʧҹɫУһģСӣơ
ҶһϵĺˮһսһʤԺðʧˣЩûô򵥡ʿ͹֮䣬èеĹϵǲʿģֻʿŻսʤеĶ顣
ҶϻվԼĶӣоɡéɽ˵Ӧȶǰ׼æӿڴһȥ
ʵķ÷Ӧǵȼþˮһ룬ճɻңˮз£ʲôˮֻ⼱ˡ
òûãֻЧѣһаӦòʲô⣬Ȼȥķʽⶾ
¶ǣɵĸо˺ܶ࣬Ҳָһ
ֻǣʱ۾һԶһѲݴԺ
˻һһֻͯӹӲݴսսĳˡ
Сëô㣿ҶʮûмϤףһӿͷ
ǰֻҶʶССëҶһ༶ģһǺĸǡСʱСëӳĴشģҴһ˵ĹͷؾʹӦŮѡ
֪ѶˣСëΪ棬ҶϰٰȰ⣬һ˾䣺֪ҲϲأҲҴÿ˹ͷ˰ɣҸң
Сëһȥأڶ죬˷ײһϣ۾ԲĹĵģܵ˹ȵľš
Сëٴαÿֲ˵硣ѧУӣΪڱһأɫҲû˸ҽȥˡ
ϸ磬𣿡ͯӹ־Ҷϡ
ôΪʲôûгҶֵʵСëѾʮˣճôŶӣҲֵ˰ɡ
ץҲܳˡСë˵ɷ׵ξӨỨ
Сëһģ㲻Ҫޣͨʱ򣬴ȥ˾ŶӡҶϼæ˵
ϸ磬ûõģѾҵĻѾǿˣֻһֻóҰСëȷҶϵ֮󣬾Ͳڿ־ˣֻǣкеıУҶ
СëСëʱԶһĽشˡ
ϸ磬ˣҪСģһѰġ˵ţСëһɫĹâתۼʧӰˡ


5 ѹ
֮ǰҶѾصԼļУȻգȴҶйڣ׵ĻɷӦòһΡ
һΣҲ˵Ǳ˺ģҾ˭
ʣҶһ˯ⶼûУ˿˸׵ľӣӻǸĸ׵ʱģϰףŮޣ˾˵ҪױԴҶϼǵûм״򿪹ľɫЩصĶҶϸ׶ûзŽԣҶϾһиصĶ
ӣڷŵľȻһ׺ɫļױһ˫ɫĲЬҶϼЩӦũ˽ʱŴõģڶеĻɴɡ
ǸˣĸôˣȻЩҶһĪᣬΪ˸ĸߺýŽܹܶ󣬸ǮǿˣŮһҪҶˣ׾ܾŴһӵĹ
Ͷһߵʱ򣬷һȻƵıӣЩµĺۼˡ
æӣһ߼һЩЩȻǸһ׽ļ¼ÿһ¼棬һĵãڵҶ϶ԣõĽ̲ˣéɽȻأЩҶȴ޷͸ⱾʼǣҶϲ֪һЩ׵ĵãվ飬·ѩ̿
ҶϷһӣʱ˺ܶණҲѧһЩ׽ļɡ
ĵʱڼСˣ棬ǲǻ˯
Ҷϼæ׽ʼǣصѾˣɡ
Ŷ룬ո̤ͻȻһҶõıаɨһۣ鼰ڡ
΢ı仯Ҷϲ׽ˣϸء
ͻȻüͷϾȻֻ֣ͨ۵˲ܿüĴһغɫš
ϸ磬˷ˣˣغܲڵҶϵߡ
˼ѾԹˣȥ԰ɣҶϼæص
ʱҶѾ뵽һ𾪵Ĵ𰸣աéɽ˵ŮüĳֺɫţӦײͻ顣
ײͣͻ÷񲣬˵ЩҲͨ׵Ĺѣһʿ
ǸͲðˣֻǸһټֻʱʢĵطܵȵľţһײλһ̣л룬֮ڣǣ껹ǺģֻоķɣطʮңͻὫ귴ɳɹҲνĶ飬ʱͲǱˣʶȫڶơ
üȻ˺ɫţ֤ѾʱˣѾǿһ塣
ɹˣҲûУʵʱһЩ˱Ǻˣǽ䣬ʮңͻһˡ
ϸ磬㲻ƭҰɣ㻹˯غɵ
ѾԹˣҶüصĻص
ؼҶϲǺܸˣΪ׵ǼˣЦЦ˯ɣˣ
뿪ˣҶϺһؾȻˣЩΰ
Ϊʲôûз֣Ըڱʼм¼ʽӦͯڵ裬ְܲ
ѵոճ
ؾöɹҶϴæéɽҵ˹ڶ֪ʶ
˵һֻܷŮϣʤܵţʱǿӦúŮûܵŵʱ࣬Ϊʲô˱Ů˵Եˡ
УȴͯŮȻҲзͯӵˣ٣һΡͯŮ֮ױ֮˵ŮӱԴڵģ꼫ͯŮûմ˵ʱǿĶʢ
մȻû˵ǣҶӦþŮŮ˵ʱӽעڣŮӻǾͲôʢˡ
ܼ򵥣ŮṴˣͬ˵Ȼǿ
Ҷϼȥһͣһʿʩģֲָܵʩ߿ƣʹһЩù飬ЩаʦὫɹͻɰ˰壬꣬йܷɣܴ򣬻ˡ
ڶɺϸָȵһҪö࣬ɹ꣬ǱˣȴûκεĹ˲࣬ҲЩ鲻Ͷ̥ˣðűɵΣգѡֶķʽ
־ͱȽϹˣȴһ֣õֻйͯŮϣĸÿΣμİ£ʵǾһַ׳ƹѹ
ȥ̧һˣϸ磬ԷҽŰֵȥͲԷˣԼȥԣүүڼҵġ
ҶЦЦεĽӹ룬룬˵Ůл㡣
ߴĺʶʲôˣ糺죬ͷɵ˴ߡ
Ů㣬ϻ᲻ΣҶͻȻʵ
ʻɫʱˣһ˫۾ֱĶҶϣ㡭ô֪
˵⻰ƺ뵽ʲôæתһȥܿҶϵĿ⡣
Ҷϵ˵ͷûˣǹ飬һǹѹ͡
үү˵ģ˵ܶʱ򱻶ξѣҺܺ棬㾭ĶξʲôҶʵ
ҡҡߴһ󣬲֪˵Ƕ˵飬һƻŮÿΣĪǼʵ˼ˣȥЦˡ
㣬ǴʲôʱʼģҶת˻⣬ղֻȷһ£ڿͲһģһˡ
ǰˣүүεˣȥҽԺؿʼξοʼġ


6 ۵Ի
صĽ⣬Ҷ֪ԵɣҽԺһ£ڼȥϲũĺӣΪ¥¡
ʱɫĵҽԺ¥֮ûˣΪһũĲǽǾڷӺ󷽡
ײײرȥԭҽԺ̫ƽ䣬ɫˣƣˣܽȥˡ
һ֮ԭ̫ƽ䣬˵ĵط¥Сŵñ˳ʱ˵ĳӣСײ˳ϣͷײһ顣
ÿʼˣξһģʲôξûиҶϣҶѾ֪ˡ
ߺҶϼоƽ֮ѹƽ֮һǳƽ֮Ҫ̳ҪǾͯĩڵĵУҶȻֻܸɵۡٿڶƽ֮ʱ׵ɵˣ򵥣ֻǹˡ
ҶֱӾιȥĸоéɽȻַʽҲ֪λʦоġ
ϸ⣬ȻеͯŮʧȥͯ࣬ˣҲξķʽȡڣᱻɡԣ鲻ƣ鲻ģ͸Ͽ֮ززɣ
䣬һõͨҲǣ˭ȥأѵҪԼȥ
뵽ҶҡҡͷȻүү˼ԣҲǸ˼ȴһֱֻãǺã
Ƶûţ˴һͻȻϵ׽ʼǴ˵ϡ
ģôô磿ҶϴæѴϣӵϼ׽ʼǡ
һֶʱˣæϸĿΪУȻص֡
֮Ҷϲŷ֣ͷϵĶ飬ֻǸ׵ΪҲֻͯڣںĩȫ¡
Ͽ˸ѾоһʱƵķʽֻʽȽ鷳ҪʹһַߣȻѵӣĳŮӵڣʱƶ飬ֻǣҲû˵ܲãҲû˵ܹܼʱأ
Ҷ룬׶ȻǲȻ˰취ȴδʵʩȻֻˡ
᲻̫аˣҶüԼοԼʧȥڲ٣ʽòƺܲʱ˶飬ؼˣ֮£Ͳô
ؽ겻ˣΪͯĩڣҲ̳ɢ˶顣
뵽ϣҶϴؼҳ극ĵ˵ŮȥҼҰɣεķˡ
غܼĵ˵ͷĵػصȹȥϴ͹ˡ
үүĵߴЦŵ˵ͷԹԵĻصȥˡ
ʮӣĵҶϵļУȻһ𳤴ûм棬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ҴҶˣ֪Ů֮һЩ¡ϺȥҶϼеġ˺ףôЩ฾ˣȻصܲãũͳеˡ
ĵҶϵķ䣬ڵϵҶϣϸ磬ˡ
ҶоʹõԻ䣬֣éɽ֮еΪƿڣࡣ
ɣҶָָϡ
ϸ磬£Һ£صһһ
Ҷ΢΢һЦһصϣٶѾԶԶسصʶѾ˶˼ˡ
ȥ񽥽ػָգ۾ϸ磬ᷨ
ֲӵʱѧһ㣡Ҷֻô˵ˣܲ˵Ǹոմ鱾ѧһԣҪһȫУȻٺõķҲѴ־ǿˡ
ֱѧİؼʶǳΪֱ
࣬㲻Ҫ˵ˣҵٻߣ۾Ҷôߣƿڵķûжٰա
ɡۣۡнϸػ㡭˯һҶʹ˴
Դοʼ;˯һֱܻ㱣ľ񣬺˯ߣһرͷһˡ
ҶʩչԻ䣺ܲܲܡ
ո꣬رһͷҶϵĻУŮŮҶϱأصգûκεķӦ
æӷ̳ȡһŷ䣬Ǹдõģ˼֮ǰѾ׼ֻһֱ˼ʩչϵ˽졣
㣬Ĭ˾̳ͷ䣬ŹأĬа䣬أһָͷͻȻһɫĻ棬飬ɽʥ
һֻֽʥ֮ϵȼͻȻһӿ
Ҷ϶˵һִֻæŮӵĿӣһɫСʱչǰһ𣬴ʱܷģǽķȥԼҪ࿴ܶ࿴
ҶϾųƻطصǸλãһӿƵƣǸλৡһӹ˽ȥ
壬һڹ͵һӾء
ͻȻ۾ʱ򣬾һůڡ
ܵţͻȻһǣȴһҲûƶһ˫ˮܵ۾Ҷϡ
Ҷϻ۾ڿԼ֣׵ɵˣʵղõͯ׶ΣֻΪ֧ͨˣԼһᣬʵûжʶġ
㡭㡭ص۾֪˵ʲôˣӵĶˡ
Ҷ϶ŮӵüģˣĿҲ峺һ㣬ѾʱˡٿԼ֣æ˻ת˵Ů촩·ɣѾˣ
żԼǸɶڻأæ·һܵˡ
ˣԻҲ̫ˣô̵ʱ䣬ֲøײأҶ֣æ˳ȥ


7 Թ
Ҷ׷ȥˣصӰһѾҵĴˡ
Ҷվؼſڣôȥأȥ˵ʲôأ
Ҷϰ̾һΣʹ˻ؼңתҪߣԶҴӰƮûһŲܿʧڲԶԹſڡ
ףѵǹҶĿ˸üԹȻһӵĹˣΪȴܲǰͺʹҪˣΪǹɣһȾơСʱԹҶϺܺãÿνǻʱ򣬶ҪһЩǹ
Ҷһλ֪ͼˣۼԹҰܲǱؼң˼һľɱȥԹС
ĵǱԺӣһƬڣʲôԵģҶϺԹϲȥţŻؼңڻûлأ
ҶתҪ뿪ȴйЦЦǹ죬ΪһλͨʿЦܹġ
ҶսľһƲǰ
ЦͻȻֹٴλָƽֻĻþһ
ҶҲŻþˣ񵱳йһΪһλˣôֻþأ
ӽſڵʱ˽һһŮеֿһԹˡ
ѵԹʹеǸظŮ㵽һˣ⼸ũʢд򹤣ܶ฾Ůɷȥ˳򹤣ظŮȽ϶࣬ԹǸŮһ𣬵ҲΪ棬ϾŮ˰һˣϲôһӣԼҵɷڣҴϵӵҲȻ¡
ԣղŵǸЦǹЦѲԹڸ
뵽Ҷ۾ˣ˹ֻܳӰƷ֮УʵʵĸҽӽأǺ͹ͬǾԵɱ˱ͻ˥߶
˼ʱдŮ˵ĽŽģǡ֨֨Ĵ
ũĿһ֣һˮɵģֽܷ֣Ǵ˴֣忻
ͽϵĺĬŮ˸տʼǿǵƵıȽСҶվſڣȴҲ޷ԿˣԽԽ󣬶ɤҲˡ
ȻǹҶҧҧ촽һ߿š
ͨ۾Ӻҹ磬ԣһĿȻĿ˴ϵȫ
һλŮӲ濪˫ȣڿϣԹڻ˶ʱײѶŴˣ۰Ͱ͵ſڣչĶҶϵǰ
ҹ壬ǲɢˣҶŵľܵ˹Ӱ죬ؾâ
ŮһУһ˱ѣԹҲ˿
ϣô㰡ȥٺ˵Թ֪ҶϵĸʿԣҶϻֲ֡
壬ǹҶŽһһ߽
ϣһӵĹ̹̹ȥɣ㸸֪ģ㻹СԹ͵
֪ҶסˣôĿԹأ
ҶɨһֻŮŮüһ㾫⣬۰Ͱ͵Ҷϡ
ʩ²ˣüĵһ㾫⣬Ǹڹϵķ䣬ǹ٣Ҳ٣ôأ
ƭˣֻǿܣֻаʦŻֺ𼺵¡ҶϲţľָŴϵĹꡣ
ϣֻʮ껻ģ㸸ģͲùˣŲˣһһ죬ֺαرأԹҶϡ
ҶϾľͣ˰Уϸһ룬ѾʮˣҪòĲ֣Ǹ˾󣬺ûȥ͵˼ҵţѾܲˣͷɹƭùѸţ˵Ĵ׽סͱŭĴŪˡ
壬ǺοأҶϺǰֻѾɫôˣЩѪɫˣҲ֤Թһֻһһĳ̶ȣ˷䣬Ȼһֻ顣
ʲôҲû˵Ůļ򣺡£ֶ˺ģ
ֻ˵ͷĿȴǿ־ҶϣŮʹġ
Ҷϻ˵ʲôأĿǰ״ԹӦûܻһ࣬ԹʱֻҪΪ˼ˡ
뵽ˣҶľתҪ뿪ſڳһӰӣһ֮£һװϵĴ󺺣ذֺͨӣͷһյñˣ˾ˣ
ƽ⣬˼ӣȥɣ˵ţͻȻһһŮһʧ˲С
ϣΪʲô㲻ѵһҲҪôԹŭˣָҶϵıӡ
ҶʶԹǿ˾ģۼ뿪æȵظˣȵȣȵȡ
תɨһҶϣſҶеľСӣʿҴˣ㶯ˡ
ȵȣ㲻ܴߣҶҲ֪󲽵˹ǰ
ΪʲôҶϹҺ֮Լ˭Ϊʲôң˾Ҷϡ
ʱԹҲˣҶϵ˵֪˲ҶŮǶҶһ£㸸в裬͸һɣˣԹͰ͵Ҷϡ
裬ٺٺ١ԭҶϹֵĶӣͺ˵ˣֻҪóһ裬±װ֪˾裬ˡ
ҶԭҲʥˣҲǹִȻ֮¾Ҫô
Ҳգǲ裬úˣ˵ţҶϴӿڴһҩ͸˾
СӣԺʲô¾ңֻҪв裬ܸܶ෽㣡˾˵ţӿڴеŮ
ȵȣһ󣡡Ҷϼæе


8 ı
˾ﶼԲܸȤܻӭǼʮ֣ΪһһսȻҵıֵҲһԭ򣬹ؼ˼ʱյǮ̫ˣͨҲǱȻ顣
Сӣʲô㾡˵˾ȻתҶϵĿ⣬Ƕµһ
ϰ˭ģҶͻȻʵ
Сӣʮ裬ǲ˵ĳޣûʲôϵҲԪѾϼ֪Ǳй¶ĺܲң˾˵꣬ЦЦһԾղˡ
Ҷˣұ֤׾˾ĻػѾжϳˡ
ҶɨɨһԹรɣ̾һת뿪ˡ
صӣҶкܲζԼĸױ˺ˣȴ޲ߣ֪ǺΪ
һ׿˱׵׽ʼǿ
һҹ˺ܶ׽¼Ҳҵ˵ڴ˵Ǽ£ݱʼǼأǴŭҰҰ
ҶһڰУðɣҲҰ᲻Ҳأ
ǱȻ飬ֻǾͿˣһ㱻˵Ĺûһصʱ䣬ǻָ˵ģԣҶҲǺܵˣڲ
ͨЩҶϼĶ׽ʼǣҲҵԹǼ£пһ䡰ʵڿСϵĲ̣ʩչŮһֻ
Ҷ̾һԹҲһλˣ˵Ҳôأ
ڿͻȻһ𾪵سƼҸۡײͣȥ׽˹ʢ
ҶĿ˸Ѿһ׽¼ˣȴֻһ£ȴûм¼׽Ĺ̡
ײǽ׽ôһȥڻ·ˣѵƼйأ
سƼңҶسǶУسǵļ岢İƵ˶ȥˣǣܹƼҡȴֻһҡ
Ƽģ˵ֵкܶҹ˾ڷزһƬСس¢ˣõĵƤĿƼռˡ
ҶҲ˯ˣշתڿϹһϣڶɫ΢΢ˣʰ뿪˼С
ǰҶϱ͸үү𣬵ǿǵصΣҲͷ뷨ȥسǵĳȥسǡ
ȥسǵ·ϣҶһǳôçײȥƼңϳŹأһȫ֮ߣ׵ҲֻܴƼҽ⿪ˣΨһѡ
ԱһλƯŮһֱŶֵҡͷԡ
;һ绰˽ŮӼæ˵绰𾴵˵үүѾ·ˣСʱ͵ˣ㻹ô

õһˣôײණˣ˵ϴҽʿڻ·ϾȻˣ᲻ǼйأŮڵ绰ϼ˵
үүСаʿڻ·ôɰɣ
ҶͻȻȤɨһŮӣŮüҲһڣôڷİԭΪѹͲڡ
ҶϵλŮ˵绰ɨһŮͻȻЦŮ岻Ǻܺðɣ
λŮɨһҶϣæһŲһ£ԶҶϡ
ҺûñҶӣݡéɽأŮӦǱˣһźȻǹǣüһ˸ӦΪа
ֻǣڵ裬ͿеʲôаéɽмʮаȻܶажϲġ
ҶϿ˼ڤ룬ЩаһһĹһ顣
ͳվˣԵŮĿǼһ߾
С㣬ǲ¾ҶϻȥˣҲȷ˵ˣֻܴλˣ취ƼҾˡ
Ů⻰زһ£ɨһҶϣת뿪ˡ
ȵȣҵĵ绰룬СʲôҪĻʹ롣Ҷ˵ţӿڴóһͰ͵ֽӲλСˡ
ҶҲȷԼ˵ĶԲԣȻ绰ѾˣȰɡ
˳վſͣһʱݣŮӴҴ˳ʧˮһ֮С
Ҷ̾һԼжϴ󰡣ȻǸŮаȴǼġа
ʲôаС˵ҪһӿˣǾû˼ˡ
ҶϵǮ࣬һұȽϱ˵סޣʲôģ˰ɣ
Ҷѧʱ򣬾СسǶ飬ܿҵһҼȸɾֱ˵磬һʮԪڱҲλˡ
ϰһλҺʵˣǼ֤Сӣ305䣬ȥɣȻͿˮ
鷳ϰˣҶϱС¥
ʱѾˣ˺üСʱĳҲЩˣֻǶӹ죬ͳȥ˵㶫
صݵʱɫѾ¥ʱͻȻͷƤЩ飬һֿ־ʱļ䡣
ֿ־ԴҶϽֲ֮󣬾Ҳûָоֹ
Ҷɨһ۶¥¥ֻһ䷿סˣ෿ӶڵϨģǳĹ졣
Ҷϼǵúʱܱˣһѧżٵʱ򣬾סѧǰҲܾûȻûĶˣ¥Ҳֻǳȥ䷿
˽ŲϰˮˣСӣԹˣ
ճԹҶϻص
ҶϺ֣ϰһֿ̣־жʱɢˡ
ԹͺãҸˮˣϰЦǺǵĻص
õģȥɣҶüͷ΢΢һ壬ǰùضˣʲôԭҲ
ϰҲûоܾҶ¥Ҽǵ㣬ǰڳ飬Ǹʱ㻹С񻹴ŮһΣŮأڸôѧҵ˰ɣ
ҵˣҶͻȻһλŮӣ׸ĴкǮ˵ϹˣԴбҵȥ˲ӣʧȥϵˡ
ϰеġŮѡΨһ׷ŮӣǴ˼ҵڿѧǰһȡҵģ벻ϰ廹ǵá
ǸŮӳĺƯϰడŮˣϰʵ


9 
̸ŮѣҶоͲǸζϾŮѾˣٴμҲδʶ˵Ѿ˯˱˵Ļˡ
бҵɢˣҶϱеҵ
Ŷϰࣿϰת˻⣡
ҵˣҶϱϰʵԽζˣ
ϰЦЦЩε˵㻹ᣬеǻᣬңһϹͷˣϰ˵͸Ĳɣ
ϰ壬Ҽǵܺ𣬽ôе壿Ҷϲ̸ЩƵˡ
ǮˣˣƵҲԽԽûй˿ˡ·ϰĲãⳡ̸עԲýˡ
ϰˣҶϿʼиķֻӦһЩеǿԣǿĹǸûжˣڵ¾õ֤
ͯ׶Σķ䣬䣬䣬䡭һʮһַҶûʵս飬ֻܹ˼壬ѡֱȽ˵ġ䡱䡱͡䡱
ַҪϷµʹãҲ˵ѧửҪ׾ֺ׾ֵ־ܷͨ
ˮ䣬ֽ䣬Ȼձ֣û׼䣺԰ط£±ʣأߵͨȾˮһڣ֮۾һʻ£߻䣺պճմ˷ɨ飬֮ˮ۷֮⣬׽ʹʿƲɷգ֣Ϊ飬
ɣ֮󣬻ɷ޸ֲ죬ɷ顱׽ɷѡݡéɽ˵ɷҪɷɷӿȪɷ͡ɷõɷӿȪɷʲôʲôɷʲô䡣

Ҷ³һһɷĻɫʱɣֽϵķģȻһǳɣȴҲص
־־򵥣ͼ⣬ܿˡ׾֡͡׾֡
پ䣬ʵҶϻûͨʱѾˡ
Щ˵򵥣ǶһѧߣǷѾʱʱʱ䣬Ѿҹʮˡ
ҶϽõķװڴڴϤһ־ĬĬ˼
ʱ򣬶¥ͻȻ˾Ҷһ飬ű˳ȥ
¥һλŮ˵ľ
ҶϺԥ¥ȥһڶ¥ĿһλŮӴ˯£ڵϴ
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Ҷüͷǰѹ·ߣôƾʧˣ
ۣҶԺ֡
νۣǱɱ۾Ե˻£ǼߣǽһԭȦӡ
Ҷҧҧ촽ȥˣǴҴҵͳԼСܵܣǰһǽ
ｽңåǰͻȻһλŮӵľ
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Ҷһ˳ң䣬ĬĬ̼䣬ָһɫѪģӡ
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Ҷŷ䣬һӰӱȥ
СӣԭǱǴţСˤȥӰһλ
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ϰ壬СİǸŮǹҶԭԼͨĿһֱûʧ飬ֻǹʹһϵˡ
ʲôǵסղܵ˾ܳˣϰһͷͷѪڡ
ҶסˣǸղȥ˭
ǹ
뵽ʣҶϾԼֱ۱ģոպͱӴһ
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10 ԩ
˻ص磬һϰķ䣬ϰĹ̨ϣһλ긾Ů⸾ŮҶϲİŮˡ
ҶɨһۣĬɳϣλսսŮӣҲһԣɨһ۹̨ͻȻرסҶϣĿ־ĶŹ̨ϵ
ϰɨһֱۣ߹ȥӵӹ̨𣬳ſ˳ȥ˻˰
ҶûŮӵļŮӼѾӳȥˣôˣӻڲϵĲ
ϰ̾һеĴͷԣŮˣҲŹң
ϰ壬⾿ô£ҶѾǵһμˣԣǻָĺܿ죬ڻֻй죬ûһˡ
ġϰٴ̾һʼˡ
ǰϰȥˣش˼µĹӻˣˣҽԺ飬˽һ¡
ϰһŭ֮£ݺݵŮһ٣ŭģСİӶеĺӸߵˡ
ϰ֪ˣŵˣ˵ɱ˼ҵĺӣϰ弱ˣͷǸ˸˭֪ǸûȴмŸˡ
˼ˣµӾ·ˣѶϰ屾ȥ׵ģ֪£ٴھ֪ܵԭ򣬾Ͱ¸ĵ˽ˣϰҪʮԪңʱ˵ʲô㣬۾͵ˣ´ȥ˭ûкô
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ϰִǮԼˣô˵ҲԼ
Ǻþոհ꣬ԺоֿʱϰӴϾͿԼˣסķ䣬ȴ˳һΡ
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ϰ˵ɱӵԱа֮󣬾Ͱǰɱӵĸͷӵڳ˴ߣˣŮҲҽӽˡ
ǣ¥ܶǷӣ⣬ǸĺõطŮûڶ¥¥ס˺ܶΣһǧɣʱҪס¥ϰҲҰţŮмûгˣλŮҲҪס¥ϰŸҴӦ
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Ȱĵƴ򿪣취¾ͰˣϰҶϵĿ⣬Щڴ
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Ůԥһѽӹȥ۾һգཹཱུĺȥ
ҶϸŮı仯ŮüĵˣҲôˡ
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׿Щ⣬Ҷ϶ϰʵλʲôط
¥棬ôˣϰص
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ڶ죬Ůһط䣬Ҷֻȥ¥ϣڷõ·ŮεɨһҶϡ
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ת㾡촩ϰɣҶתŴ⡣
һӺŮС˵ˣ磬лл㣬㣬ֻͱȥˡ
ˣʿ׽ҵְ𡣡Ҷϻص
ǰŮ˵绰룺ҽߣһж飬ʱ棡
ţһģҶŮӵԶŻص硣
ϰ壬ʮ㣬ʢʱȥҶ˵
ϰóǰѱĴͷҶȥ档
Ҷϸո벻ôС;ô˵أһֲĸоָо֮ͨˣŻеġ
ǰǲˣû޷ʱһسҶʵ
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Ҷϵ˵ͷص֪ԭˣλǲǰѹӤĸ
Զϰָŵ˵ŵӤǰһҰɣ


11 
ֻ֮ԱôǿˣΪӤԹӤӤ˾Ͷ̥ĻᣬȴΪĺԹȻδӤأȣǼ֮
ҶϸĿ˿棬ѾˮһλǰŮˡ
֤ʵҶϵĲ²⣬λ⽫ŮˮĵطչõֽþˮʴֽˣȻȻıܳˡ
ҪŮĿԹˣȻӤԹգéɽʦүˣҲѽҶϽ
ϰȥھһһǣӤĵط׿ȻӤڵ²ûиãһڳɳԭСӤô֫ȫˣ۾գ촽֮ϣ֡
ܶӤѾʬ䣡Ҷϼæӿڴһŷа䣬Ӥ֮ϡ
ô죿ϰҶѾʩϣʵ
ˣȥЩҶϷԸ
ϰҴҵ뿪ˣҶȴüͷһֱ취ĿǰŮѾ㹻ԹֻһֻʿͽŮһŮǶ˿ŭ⣬ǲֳǲˡ
ˣھ𣿡ϰ屧һɲһˡ
ȵȣǾôˣϲߣˣҶϻص
ˣϰ循ֵҶϣһ˫˸
Ҷϵ˵ͷȴҲûн̳ͣ
һ׼һӣһЩƷӰᵽӤĵط
ҶϽаӤȥʩаһйٽаԶҪŮĿ÷Ů淨֮
ʽòãܲãͲˣڸ׵׽ʼУҲûƵļ¼
ΪȷҶϻⰴաéɽ˰
˵İר׽ģҶõĹУѾȫ޸ˡ
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ԣҶϴ󵨴£˸װ˰˸Ӥָͷе߸ӹ߸λһûйȥһŮͨ
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ˣܲŮͿǵ컯ˣҶһһκЩš
ô죿ϰһֻӣ󷨣͸պһԣ
˸ˣֻҪ͵ӣվҽȥɱΣƶסλãһСΪǺţվڿУվλáҶ϶
ţԣϰ˵ţֻʮĿС
Ҷȫһæ˰ɫЩɷףǿˣϾûЧˣ
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绰һھӵүүǽͨ˵绰ιҶϡ
ϣôʧˣ绰ǱһλŮӵ
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ҶϿЦҲֻʱ˸ѣҵˣ޳ȥ˴ల£ǺǺǡ˾ͺãŮпϵкӣˡ
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ҶҡҡͷҲشСͶкøУֻһֱر⣬ͻȻ˵һʧ䡣ʧʧɣ㻹Ǻõģһ治ܵ˼ңһ棬ҲΪƳϵĸ顣
ҶϽֻװڴֱɫ΢΢ػҰŲˣϰ壬Ҫһȥзĵƴ򿪣У·Ҳ򿪡
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ȻˣǲҪȥ֮УˣҶϻص
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ϰľګҡҡͷ߻Ժӡ
ţˣҲװ˯ڷвü󷨣ſϱа˵ţҶϽǰ׼õķһ˴ſڣڼһа
ʵЩһЩŮĹЩûжá
Ҷϼװ۾ʵ۾гһС죬һֱŶһ¥ڰʱѾйܽͨһͱ˵ĻֻܴӶ¥ˡ
ཡϰеҡʽӣһϵʮȻˡ
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12 
Ź磬ͻȻԺеĵƹˣ¥úģֻҶ϶ڵķ仹ŵơ
ҶĿŶһ¥֪ʱһӰѾվ˶¥ֻǿݣɫ£ҹԵø졣
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ֻǽƽһ㣬ٶȺܿˣƬ̣ѾվԺӣֻǣУǱҶϣҶ϶ûпŮݡ
ɭһЩ죬Ǵģˣгһ硣
ϰһµѾˣ֪ܲŮˣеĸͷĽأĿĶŴ⡣
Ҷ΢΢һЦֱʱѵذɣ֮ȴó侲
۵Ůתˡ
һѪģҶϵǰԺӲ׵ľ룬ĺŮұ߰ӣ۾ڣһظͷӡǣʺѪΡ
ҶͻȻµĸоʵ̫ˣֲ˶Źϰ壬࣬ȥ˾˾ҪĲգѹԹ֮
ŮٴһеƹһʱһƬ

ҶһĹȻܿ˵·Ҳ̫ţˣؿأȻܲݶˡ
ɱҺӡҺӡɭܽڶ˵Ķһ
ڴͬʱֻƮƮطˣֻմѪɫŴץ
ϰͻȻվеĸͷѾٵϸߣֻҪŮܴܽ͵ͷһͷ
ҶȴһЦϰļ򣺡
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ҶͻȻһϵķһͻȻƮŮ׷ȥˡ
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ꡫŮϣð˺̡
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ŮӣҪɱҶϵʱǶ˺Ů֮䣬ͻȻһϹ⣬Ǳаˡ
Ůֻ΢΢һ٣ЦٴɱˣСӣķ˲
øͷҶϺһ˳ľλ̫Ͼֳַ䷨ҶԸѣβħа
Ҷ۾Ůײϰ壬һֻѪԵ۾ͷаҲˡ
ˣûͨ飡ҶˣʶʶԼġ
ͨҲΪéééͣõľéνéָɣϣܽͨնɱħҪһΪһΪߣʱ벻ɵģéŵʦ֮ģȻòˣΪûŵʦéǹʵϾùͨ׳ơ͹ѣھͲ͹ǶһЩˡ
ȥɣŮһ˫Ѫ֣Ѿץˡ
Ҷӷɿ죬һⲽվ֮󣬻ãȻˡ
ŮˣȥɣϰͻȻվŮͷ­һͷ
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ŮشҺű˴⣬ǶԸͷη壬һͷһֻлɢˡ
ŮˣܣϰҲˣŸͷҪ׷ȥ
ȵȣҪ׷ˣҶϼæȥסϰ塣
ϰ屬ɫŤɱȻ
ҶϻȻ򣬹ֲϰ׷ɱĹлԭйѪж֮͵ˣרҵ˵ǡʢһĹǽġ
ǵļƻˣҶϼæص
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룬ܵش뾡ָҪҸұ֤ھ¥󣡡Ҷʵڲֵʱ򣬾Ůһͳս̫ǿˣУҲδɱڰȴһ㡣
ߣŮǶֽţˣҶ˵ţ⡣
ϰӣеĸͷȴûж£ѾϵϰˣǰŮŵʱŻŮö֮ѾϰߣϳţŸͷ
ڼ֮󣬾ͳںԺŮҶʵҲһ۷ӤƶһλãԣŮҵӤҪһʱġ
ȥ죡Ҷһϰ壬ϰһģվõλãеĺӸ߸߾
ŮҵӤæſȥոսӴӤӤ֮ðһ̣ŮıС
ŮȫսѪģӣúģȫð
Ů֪ϵˣݺݵĵҶһۣͻȻҪӶݡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦյ̵ƣŮǿСӣײʱ׹˵档
ҶϺɣһ֮Уеһ˾Ůͷ
ŮҲȥˣ֪ԼɱҶϣˣȻðű˵Σգץסķ
ꡫȼ˻棬ļָͷնˡ
ŮӣͻȻһѪ죬Ҷɶ


13 а
ҶϺȻȫëֱƽĸоЩϢĻʲôʱȥʹʲôɣûˣɶûˣʲôУǲܶ
Ҷƾų֣һһ٣˰
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Ҷϴӿڴȡһƿӣǧģǽĺöͯ
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ȫʧȥǣһϰ֮ڣϰɱ˹ȥ
Ҷ¼ˣɨһϰ壬ٿеĴͷһѶӭһͷ
һͷ˿ŮϣԴͷˡ
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ҶһƨɶڵϣͷϵǺˮ⺹ˮԲ۳ģųġǺ򶷣¾ǹˡ
ϰҲһתʵСûУ
ˣˣҶĻص
ϰ⻰Ҳһƨɶ˵ϣڴڵĺŮˣˣڰˣ
ϢһӤˣҲ˴ӸԴֻĲϣȴûգҶ֪ǽװһӣʩҪ࣬ռ
СӣҴæˣҼҶס죬˵Ҫһɣڳʶ˶࣬ϰɳϣ鳩˺ܶࡣ
ллϰ⣬һ߰ɣҶԾܾˣʵУЩ£ԺǴҲסˡ
ϣҶ˯һþֱڶʮʱ򣬱绰ˡ
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Ҷ𣿡绰ǱһλŮӵ
ңλҶʵ
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վĹ⻪磬㾿˭Ҷʵ
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ҶƲƲ죬ٴһˣҪȻҲ̫ͻˣ
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ոϴϣϰ¥ºСûУ㣡
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Ҷϵ˵ͷܲ²Ĳ²ûдаȻΪ˴£ʵɣСǸʲôֻһаҲͨ˵ġײаˡ
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ֻԶƤëѣСǲǺƼʲôϵҶϲĨǣֱˡ
ô֪˼ɫһ䣬ʶԶҶϡ
ܵλʿǻؼҵʱ汩еλʿĶӣ֪ΪʲôˣҶҲںŮӵķϾƼҵ̫ۺˣ˭ƼҵעⰡ
ʲô˼Ҷϵ̸У֪ҶĿĵģֲ·زʶȴҪ
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˵͵͵ؽȥ׽Ļ֮ˣ˼ǳô仰еںˡ
ƼҶԣǳ˺ҶѣǱ˳¶ԴҶкôС㿼һ£ӦҵҾ;㣡Ҷϻص
κҵĲҲ취˼ɵƼˮ꣬Ҷ˵ٺãҲš
Ҷһ⻰Ϸˣ˼˼ܼ򵥣Ҫа취κĲ跨ҶϽƼңãСеǡаַϵһֹ򵥵˵˽С壬ʲôͯŮʬʱֻ¾ʱһͻСƽ⣬ÿ춼¾ѪҲ֪ôģһּķҶϸĽ˼еа
˼ɫʱʧȥѪɫһ˫͸޵Ŀ־塣
ֻǣҶϽаˣаֽСȹơ˼Ҳ¾ѪʵҲַֻܶͯŮ֮ã˼һͯŮ
Ҷ֮ܿéɽǡƽⷽ˹ʺˣȻķͿǴɡ


14 ƽа
СԷģûһصǲģҶЦŻص
⻰˵ɣǶһŮ˵񻨶˪Ҫˣսᣬвµĵ
˼ǣһ˲ľ֮󣬱ʵƽ⣬ʾ
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Ҷϻص䣬óéɽϸо˺ܾãȴҲֻôһƽ֮
ˡéɽвߴһʲôéɽⶾķʽҲô
ûˣΪ˽ƼңΪ˲׵Ϊ˱ֻ鱾ˡ
һһԱӣҴҵϴּ䣬˴Լʮӵʱ䣬ųˣʱҶϣɫЩףʧѪӡʵȻһԱװĿɲʲôѪҺһ𤽺һʡ
ҶڿӣЩ۰ٸŮ˷ˡ
ţӷϣһӴӱмгһ𤽺ʣ뾻ˮ֮УҧָͷˮеԼʮѪ
̶˶䣬һаˣճɵĺɫֽҷˮУÿӽȡ
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˵ҲǸʦˣ˽ԽԽˣͰǿˮаЩ׬ǮͿĹϰ彨
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ȷ߶͡ˡһĶԹҶϾǸؼ⣬ֻģͺѶԸˣ߲ԹۣʱǼˣѧУеѧɱ޹Ͳˡ


15 У԰¼
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ðɣңҪ߰ʮӾܷҶ˵ţĲӣһ̵Ĳˡ
ۣѧУһܲھ߾̾


16 ˰
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18 У
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绰Ǳ˼磬ȥˣ
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19 
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Բ𣬶Ҳôǰˣ߼æǸ
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20 ܺŮʬ
ȻһֻҶϾûжȥˣɱ˵ĿҲȽȷΪһ֮˽ô
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µҲʲô⣬ҶϽջ꾵ٴͶʱʵȻˣȻûлǣ˵ҲһȻȥŮʬѡ
ҶϲţǶ֤ʵÿεĴӦһϵȷûлǡʱҶ˻þ뷨ֻǣԴ̤еʵûʲôܣֻԼšʵ飬֤ĽŮûһǵĺۼ
ǹҶϲεˡ


21 Ե
ҶϾԼ侲ȻѾʬôкܺͻһжʲôʱģôģûлǵˣҲ
ˡͻȻҶϵԴУ㹻һˡ
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һһֻ԰׵׻سˣ׳ֵһ˲䣬Ҷϱ㾪ˣȻϣڵµľȻ
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ǣȴԼһ˥ʱȻԼƣξѣˣȥҲĲף
ˣֺڵŮ̸ŮһˣѧУΪ˱ֻҪܰұ˳Ҿͻ뿪壡
ʲô𣿡ҶϾʵ
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ʵŮµȴҶϣǱˣסУ԰ѾˣܶʱͣϢУԼǿ⻹ŮᣬĵһֱһȣŮһֱû˷֣ӺλŮӣҲûҳ֮أҲͲ
Ҷϳֺ󣬾һŮŵ壬ӿ˸ƻ


22 л
˭ҶͻȻʵ
֪ԼҲȻѾˣ˹ȴ֪˭ɱص
ŮаǰУʣһģгŮ˲е
μһУ԰ᣬǣʵҲһˡ죬׶衣
ѡѧУ֪ͨȥԳʱһӰûУҲܣ衣
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һɫʱչǰҶϽһԣ֮󣬼֮лɣ
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Ϊ÷ЧҶҹһҽԺʳã͵һͣ͵Ϊһλʿٲˡ
ȼյ͵ƣһյ͵Ʒͷӡ֮ϵյƷֻŸ
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վǽǣǰͻȻһССյյ͵ƣ͵Ƶ΢΢Уʬ壬ʬԼġ
ؼˣèҹؼŶؼҡְڵԷĸй꣬ԺԾ˷֮лꡣ
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ǣˣΪʲôһİԩ˶ûУңΪ˴ﵽĿģУЩνƽʿҲ̰ƣ̰֮˭Ĺ˼Щȥ˵ĿԣŮԹҶϣ񿴣ˣҶ϶
⻰ҶϲòͬУֻҪй֣ͱضǶ飬ǺģʿôΪģʿְƽ⣬оͰԩƹְ
һͱʷˣʿΪ˵õĲƸѾٹ˼ĸˡ
ֻҪ˳Ǯͻԥȥ׽ŲʲôΪʲôҪˣ
ȻҲȫʿʿҲˣڵҪ棬ûǮǲеģҪʿæ˰ɣ䲻ȱңǷĲֵĹ
ʲôһڵңԩ˰ɣոʮڣ㻹ǱˣǰʿʱĴ𰸡
ˣԼôĶ֪˭ҵĹ꣬ҽ˲У˵㣬ûԹŮʵ
УһУҶϻشĺ䡣
˱ãҲĿҪһͿ˵ţֱۣסҶϵĺ


23 ־
ŮĴҶϺҲѣҶϼˣеĽ𽣣Ůһ
Ů𽣴ŵ÷ˣ˳ʮಽվǽǡŮͷƮصչֳˡ
һ̣ҶеĽ𽣶趯ȻŮɫɷ׵һѪɫǣǵòȴޱչֳ
Ұ㱨𣡡ҶҲ֪ĸˣ鲻Խ˵
е罥ɢˣŮͷһڵգлл
˵ţŮһһʬ֮УˣҾͶ
ҶεƲƲ죬еڴӦºְܼ
ʹʱĿд˵˺ͳޣĿҶϲ
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֪ᣬͱ˲һҴϿͭζԼϵĵȥˣӲ
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ҶϺܴĺ԰һƬóһѣȴŮϴЩƬһ©Ƽңǿɲġ
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24 ӦƸ粨
ܼҽ죬һλУһװϣЩձʮҵӡ˼һ۾Զ˵ͣû취ߺȫķȡϸΪǹͷһ·ܶʱǶԴ˳ЦƼңƼ˸УȴܼҶûԱ
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ţ˵Ҳһôλʦʶô˭ߵýҶϼʵ
鳤˵ǰһŵġ߽͵
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ǰҲʶ߻ص
Ҷϵ˵ͷȻʶ˵һȥˣǸʱþѧУ飬ԭҲ˵һЩ񲻽ǽӲὲô򵥣ǼһﻹаʲôϵֹڷϣͽǼһµ̨ˣΪ˵ĴڶѧУа֯
Ҷ뵽ˣͻȻ֪ˣȥѧУ


25 
ҶվҲѾԱˣȻʣһЩҶҪ뿪Ҳ͸˳ȥ
ҶϳУ԰һ·ֱУ԰ȥУ԰·ϣҶϷԸߣߣ֪Ӻ˭Ĺϵôȥ̽һ£ȻҸ绰
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һ鷽Բʯ壬ҿһ϶϶ǿװһˡ
Ҷɨһ۷϶ײ㣬ʱȽɣӦھģǽٿ
һӲĶһץһþһϱ۳ϡϱ۱ȽϽСӾŮģȻѾˣøɿݣȴȻż֯ȥ͸ʬһģ
Ҷ΢΢һЦһ£Ȼ˻ǣȴ÷ˮѧǰʪ϶ĵطҲֻʱԵĽڵ²ʱʧһǿ
ϡٳ¶һɢʬ壬忴Ů屻ж߿飬߿ʬǽİڷڵ£Ҷץ첲ԭȥһǵĹ죬첲ǡþװѡ
󣡡ҶһƵķɷֻǣɷһܰڳġ
νǽ˴ж߿飬ձλðڷţȻϽɷɷס꣬ν󣬷ǴĻǣóֻرɷʴɢɷԵĶͬǰˣǻˡ
λʩ߲νȻѾɱ˰óȾתͶ̥ǣαҪʹķֲðΪĹꡣ
ʵ̶ԹأＰټϹܵɷĥԹǳĴһֻǹأ
ɻҶ̾һǿȫλʿɵģɣЧΪǵװѳǹŹأǡñˣĻǾɷļ尾вϵǿˡų˰Ĺ꣬Ųһʱ䣬ԼҲ
һеѾüĿˣûɱˣֶܶʿǲʹõģΪŪþһ෴áǡúайأʹҲȻ¡
ڰΪʲôʧȥһμ䣬ֻ˵ĹУûˣ壬ῴʱ¡Ʋ⣬ʱж߿ʱ򣬰ǻŵġ
һɱ˰ȻʱѾ֮¡
̵ֲֶΣҶ̾Ϊֹʳǰﶨˡ
Ҷϴӵϼ𼸿ʯͷɷ֮ʯͷķλڳ΢ǹ졣ѹɷרõ΢ɷ󣬲һ߶㻯Ѫˮˣֻ¼ͷ
ҶЦЦƣҲκοƣɿ뿪һ֮ˣھͱ˹»ҰǸĺûᡣ
մմϲʱǰͻȻһһŮĿҶϡ
Ҷϻ̧ͷЦЦԶ㣬ǲĶ֣
ӺλŮҪҶ磬ȴŮסˣΪһʿӦþȻˣǰˣ
ӦûаκˣҶ˵ţվôҲ벻ŮӾȻܿʲô
ǷҪأŮӶҶϡ
ͬΪıʱͿ˭ķˣҶ˵꣬ͷҲص뿪ˡ
ţʲôЩ⡣
˽ƣŮѾȫԳκεطˡУٽšŮӵӡ
˪ãôʲôҶϵıӰ
˪Ĺҡҡͷ˵жǲֻóѣ
˵ӵɴ۾ʵ
ţһᣬǲ֪ŮûҵףǿȥҹԢ¥ɣȻˣ˪˵ţСܲѾŹԢ¥ȥ
ɨһӣü˼ʲô⣬׷ȥˣ˪ãȵң

ҶҵߣҡҡͷҲ֪ʲôԭ򣬽ʦǰûһѣһµʦǷû˺
Ҷϵ˵ͷ㲻⣬ӺайϵѧҲ֪οһʦأܿҲȻ¡
ֻǣҪ֤ӵְǲǺʹйأѾ޴ˡ
һҶʵѧУһλϽʦǸֵģٽڻѧУô
ڣǵʦ߻ص
סȥҶϻص
ڼ¥ʦܲģȥҳԷоһλˣͦģ˵ţż¥ȥˡ
ٽǵǸӣһͷЩ˵ǻѪԼ˵Լǻͻ䣬ϻѪ˵
ʦǵôҶЦٽк
СӣҼǵãֿΪһλŮ׸һԭ׸У԰ٽһ±ϳҶϣǼ¾ͷĿãôôһλأ
ѽ磬㻹ôһοɸİ鰡ס㵽סǲİһ˾ŮǶЩа֪
Ҷ߰󣬾Ȼ˼ǵ׸裬г˼ôһС
ԣ׸дģͰв룬ʱƭ˵ҪרԭΪ׷ŮٽָҶϣһʱȻ˵ʵҶϺٽĹϵǺܲģȻҲһ
ʦԲ𡭡ҲƭģҶϼæǸ
ˣǶǳˣСƭңҲǲˣٽЦЦ̶˵Уɣ
Сһʹ䣬źŰʮˣ
ʦѾˣֺܾû˽ˣҶЦʦԱߡ
ǺǺǡٽҲǻļ䣬ҶϵĿǺơ
߾ˣô˵ҲѧϰίԱǰϵ򵼣ٽĺ죬˼ʦͽֱĴڰ
ȿȿȡΪʦע⣬ɿ
ٽЦһߣܺƵ˵Ǿñʦͽˣˣɣɣ
߲Ըһԣֱܿʦͽ˺ˣϣ㵱ֻΪ椣
ʼǰɣԼҲϲ֣һڴ֣һ׸ʯƬ˾ˣͻˣҶϺٽַĶ
߼ˣȻ֪Ҷϴĸʻʲôӣ᲻͡㵽סһ飬ȴòҶϻ飺磬ȱˣʦţĹ
԰ʲô£ٽҶϡ


26 รɣ
ҶϺͶ겻ʦ̸ֻߴˣҶϵһߣʵʱ磬ʦúһģżɽ̸£Ե²ˡ
²ҶЩȵĻص
ǲȻѧУô죿Щĸо˺ͳԴ׵ĸоࡣ
ϣ㲻ɣٽʵ
Ҷ⺢˵ǵģôͲ֪ĨأѵҪʦǰݳ֣òƻᱻʦЦɣ
Ҷϵĳɣٽ𿴳Ҷϵ˼æļ˵ʱҺԼƽʿ㿴ѧУ£Ҿͺ޲վУ԰һѧϰ
ҶüĿ伷һ˿ЦݣʵԼҲⶼʦڰοִ߶ȷĽ죬ѾˣϡΪͱҵõöˡ
ʦһ㣬ҼǵõѧУ鳤ǸȥĽӽˣôҶʵ
ٽıЩڣ̾һ˵ӵûһϵ
ʦҲǸ˼Ȼûһϵְֻ֪ܵʲôεģҶϼæ͵
ѧУʵȨ˲࣬ҾͲָ˵ˣٽص
Ҷϵ˵ͷһ仰Ѿ֤Ĳ²ˣ̶ʵڽְǼ죬ǲǷʲô£
ʱ䳤ˣѾǲˣָĸ£ٽʵ
ѧУһλѧʧˣǼɣҶ
ٽãŻص£캣ѡλŮǱ̭ˣ벻ͨҳ˰ɣ
ĸѼӣԲԣҶϼʵ
ӡ󣬸質ʵЩĸ赹ͦʺϣȴѡ˶裬ôУ԰ֹйϵôٽص
еϵѡʱȷѾ̭ˣҶظһ顣
ɼҲͳƳģѵһ֪ٽȻѸߣȴ
ôʲôʱ֪ͨѧ̭أҶ׷ʵ
ٽܿ϶Ļص
ǸŮӵϾͽӵϢ˵ѡѾͨȥַ裡Ҷϻص
ٽƺµһ㶫ǺϸĽ˵ʱľصʱַܴˣǽӡô˵ǸŮѰˣ
ô˵ʦӵְǼ죿Ҷʵ
죬ҼǵúУңɼҪˣҲ֪ɼѾ˽ӣ֮󣬵ڶӾְˣҲתȥˣٽص
Ҷϵ˵ͷУ԰¼Ҳи˽ˡҶϺٽԼ´μʱ䣬Ÿȥ
˼¥߶Ҷϵʶ仯ˣǰ֪׽ܾǺأ֪ԵʥдĸʱжһĪиУһԵʶҶϼأҲһˣһͬһˡ
ô˵ˣҶϾһܻ˵ҴʶڣԷʱվôΣֻص˰졣
һܺðɣƯͻݣˡԲŻС㵽סľߺûг硱
ҶôγôùأԴسǣһֱǸѾˣÿ𣬶һ˵ĸд㲻ϱˣǿ֡
ĭܸУǧСɣԣڻûҶϻֻЩˣǸ˵΢ЦҲѾеˡ
ЩЦݣȴҲû˵һֱҶϡ
˵ѧУҶϾô̫ΣˣһӰ£ᡣ
ڽ¥ʱתҶԶȥıӰ֮ϣøֱҶʧУЩʧ¥ˡ
Ҷϸո߳У԰ͿһϤİŮӣѾվ˴ſڵˡ
Ůߣָż¥¥ڶ׷Ҫҵˣ
˵ţҶϽһŷӿڴ˳˰ŮӵӡáΪƽԷϵĻģƳɣֻҪʼƳ
ллŮҶؾһһҹɫУһжδһ
ҶϿЦȻ֪Լûдȴˣڵ磬Ѿڰɱ˵ʿˣùɱ˵ʿǲ١
ҶԶļ¥ӦѾɱȥ˰ɣ˵Ǽ䷿ӣѾƻˡ
ֻǣʹʱУ԰зһеĲҺһҺë
ǰѵҶɨһۼ¥¥Ǽ䷿ӵĵͻȻˣһһŮӴԴŵ档
Ҷϰһ̵ģȻСһÿζһƻȻѧУҲô޹ˣ
Ҷ˳Ŷ˵Ŀ⿴ȥһɫӰӣѾһˡ¥ϵһһѹ׼ԡչ˹
չչǲ̫ģҲһַľʲʩˣһֻСҲδУ͸Ӳˣʩ֮չСȻȴǾѷ̫ٶ񶾵ĹֻҪУûл뿪Ļˣ
˪ãһֻӿ佱˪
ɣڲƨʱ򣬿üһ䲻˪
ԭղŮɱ˷䣬ոսȥˣŮ޷£ͱ˪͵Ϯɹ
ڴʱ˪ˣŵ棬ֻҶһⲽŮֳ
⡭ҺƴˣӶҶϵıӰȭͷ֨֨졣
ɣȵȣŮѾչˣʱͻɢҵ뿴ʲô;Ȼ˪ЦЦص˷䡣
ʱһλһľ֣˪ӵΪ죬ֽ΢΢ʵ˪ֶŮŮûУ
ûУȻỹ˪ˬʵĻص
⻰һֱӱˣ˫һ˵ϣɫҲһ˿Ѫɫˡ
УҾ벻ͨˣΪʲôŮҪȥأɳϣĿЩˡ
û̱ڵϵˣѧУУһУ֮ε¼ֻ˹ĵġ
Уͽʵ˵ɣ˪ҲȰ
У˺Ϊѣ촽˺ܶΣȴ˵ʵࡣ
Ȼ߰ɣүүҹ£ԼɣȻֻʱʱ䣬ɱ㹻ˣ˪˵ţվչ䡣
ҲվУ̯̯֣รɣ
Уˣæס˵ȥ·ʹ˵ֶŮֶǱߣ˵˵


27 ֮
ԭΪѧУһ֮У˺뽫ѹڴϣ˺ܶλӽϰ⺢ӳĳ죬˼ȴҲһÿζǱʶίľܾУ
УԽǵòԽǾζǲ߻Ǵε
ùĵĽӴţհˣӾ֣Уôȥأһϡ
Ѿ乬Ľӣһ췹ץУİѱȥ͵ýץ˰ѱ
ӵĳ֣УУ鼱֮£˰Ǵ裬ӿ˻ᣬʹаסĺ֤ʵ˰
УŻͷӣֻҪܰȻлְ
ͲҪˣ¼ı仯ҶѾȫĲ˴¡
ҶϵһμУУΪ࣬ĸĸѾѧУʼȥͣ°¶ĳУֱҶϣȴθҶϵĴûᡣ
ǸʱʼҶѾУˣѧУ£ҶܹΪ˭ˣУȴλᡣ
ҶϸӻɵľϼһǰһֱŻôʦȻܵ˲̶ͬȵľţŻȴ࣬£°ҹţ
ҶΪȷ£ٽ
ģֶֶŮһҪ尡ͽˡУԼ׿ڳ֮˪ˡ
Ҷϣǽɣ˪ͻȻЦˣſ˵
⻰˵꣬ҶϱŶ룬ŵģǰĻǡ
ΪʲôšǡУˣһͿˡ
Ҷ˪һм񣬼̶˵Уˣϣ²ģΪѧʧˡͽˣ
ֶŮֶŮҡУ˪ǰͷݡ
УƭңҶǲ֪ѧУҪ޹ΪѧУİһΰɣ˪΢Ц˵
˪ã⾿ô£ҲˣղǻҶվ෴ôһӵҲأ
ʵܼ򵥣ǰһϣҶѧУҵ˪ʵںˣǾˡ
˪ǶһϷյУԼϲ䣬Ȼˣչ˺ŮҲֻһϷѡ
ӣԺ˵߰ɣǲˣ˪˵ţһѾ⡣
ӾɨһҶϣҲ׷˳ȥ
ҶŮļ򣬱ص˵𱨱ϣȥ˾ɣҪΪ˼ˣ
Ů˵ͷûŵУһɱ
Ҷת뿪ˣֻո̤˰ĺУҶȵȣȵȡұѪûʲô㣬ֻһιл⡣
͡Ҷȫһéɽдˣʬͽʬͣͣǹˡ
ʬҪĻױƷˮԭ֮һȴһˣéɽأܹٵģڵᣬʵõȴĪݣ˵ʹһٵܹʮ꣬۴̣ͷֲڣҲƣ͵Ҫ̥ҪõĶֻ࣬ǹռ̱Ƚϸӣһֱ˽ٵΪױƷʹãΪһ˵ǹģ
£Ҷеһιͣٵֻǰٷ֮һȱٷ֮ʮŵҾʮֻͣѶȿ֪
ҶҲûоֶܾղǺõģ͵У˾壬һŻֽֽ֮󣬽ͰС
Ҷ뿪ˣڶ죬ѧУУУҽϴʱһˮǺˡѧǿѧȴʼսͲ˹֮˵ԣҲֻе˺Ҷ֪ˡ
Ҷ˽ѧУ£Ҳһڶ˯š
Ҷæ·ŵʱ򣬼˼
ҶϲǺܴϾӦûЩԹʵʲôô
Ϣˣ˼Ц˵
ʲôϢ㲻ǴҰɣҶϻص
ȥϰ࣡˼˵
ҰɣҶЩţѡУǾЦˡ
߰ɣأ⽻׼˾أ˼ЦŻص
Ҷסˣ˼Ӳ˵ѣҲûеϢ֮⣡
ܽһ仰Ƽ˹Ȼǹ񱣡
ι˵˭أ˼²ˡ
ֻƼҵĽףõôɣҶϻص
˴ӽҲƼҵˣ˼Ҷϵļ򣬺кֵܸζϳɣСԽͣǵһλ
Ҷ϶˼ʶҲ仯ˣ椳˼֮⣬ȴҲһλˬŮӣбжš
ƼңҶϱŰոսУӭһˮһʱһʪ͸ˡ
ҶϷŭһˮ֮ˣôϤƼҵĶʱһƤСһ֣ú棬ú桭
Ҷ⣬ǣԼҲֻɵӲźɵӺСƽϣԣϵֲϵˮ顣
˼룬״ε磺˼ƶ徭е˶ûޣ
ҶϿЦлò˵û£ˮµģ
μڣǱһһʱҲûа෴̬Τ̾ɾӡʱ
ԵĻ˳ϣҶϵһνӴƼҵҪƼϥӣλӶˣ֮ǰҶѾ֪ˡ
Ƽֻп״˼Ǵˣһλ꣬ʮ߰˵ӣ˺ܻ飬ܣҶ֪ƼĿǰ֣ҲѪԵϵһλףĸãӸĸգƣһ֡
ܸʶҶ˵ҶֱʱҼзעǣ˵;ֹ֮䣬йʱϢȴûһִĹʡ
Ҷϵ˼ȴ棬һѵõĻᣬƼôһҵĳԱһôŨصһʮа˾ŶˣҪ˼һһƼҵҪԱ
һһƼҵҪԱĹУҶϷһ⣬ƼҪļ˶азˣܼңǸĶ壬˼аѽ⣬Ŀǰûණˡ
ҶϸӾȴƼҵˣھȻûκаĺۼ⣬λƼҵĶ֮Ҳûа
ⳡе֣Ҷţ˹ʶƼаˣӶ׷µ·
ҶϻһܣЦƱ˼͵Цһֱû˵һ仰Ҷϵľ鿴Ѿȥһˣ±Ȼǡ
׷£ûеڶˣľۻᣬҲֻϼһĲ򵥣һţڶţеı仯żȻġ
һλؼûгᣬҶͻȻƼҵС㣬ײ͵ĲƼҵСôôûгأ


28 ֮
Ҷϱ˼ģ룬ϾǵһƼңкܶ˫۾мпܰƼҵڹҶſڿӣڵĶɣɾǷҪ˶ƼҵĲƲڻ룬ǸһǰЩ֮С
Ƽҵ·ϣ˼ҲƼҵĽ˵һ飬оڵ䣬Զһ˵˼˵ƼҵȷڹѾעܾˣǶԷܽթһֱû¶β͡
׿ƼС㣬ҶϽɵĶСݲƲļ̳ȨӦӣǶŮ
ʱѾ࣬ʲôаҶĿǰ޷֪˵²ǷΪ
ƼһŮѾ徣ѾͲƲҲϹϵˡŮҲΨһĺϷ̳ˣѾûбҪٸˣҲ֣һյõƲǣƼСѾԹ˲Ͼˣײ;һ㣬Ȼ׾ڻ·ϣôƼһʲôܣܻʲôҶ޴֣
ֵܽǵ̳ˣ˼ԣ丸ҲڵıܣǰѾˣΨһĵܵҲʮǰˡ
پǽףǹؼƼڽ˼˼һЩһˣǵһϷ̳ˣ˼ǵڶϷ̳ˡ
˼аҶϣҲʱҲ
뵽ˣҶ׳һɵ¼֮У˵󣬵ڽʱ򣬹ⶣһ䡰ĿǰƼε˾ҲҵдչȭţͶ۹ǿˡ
ھĽܣһ㰵ʾҶߴ˵طѣȷ㣬Ҷ겻ȻôȡΡ
ѪԵ̳˿ȻںҶϣǲòϣģ˶ûажΡ
׿ѪԵףһǣôĻмλϰ壬ֵ»췹ԵģЩ˵ɲΪǺлƼڲֽţ˼ϵаǽע룬Ͳа
ôһҲСƼҵĹܼ죬ε֮һȴųֽš
ҶϵãµķΧС˺ܶ࣬Ŀǰɵˣ޷Ǿ͹ܼˡ
ҶϽɵͶܼҵʱ򣬹ܼ˿ĿͶվƱҶԺǾһˣⱭףԵͬһ¹
ҶϾƱӦܼҿˣԺʲôطģҪأ
ϣ¶һһЦݣҶǫˣƼҵİȫȫָˣҲһ£Ժ˭չ˭˵أ
ԺƼҴԺұۣԺİȫһ˶УϣЯֺͬƼңͬʱƼһṩõߵĴ˵ķʽر̽ʱ䳤ˣ˵Ҳҵ
ƼҿĹʣҶϻǺģнһ飬ڱѾеĴˡ
ֻǣҶϵĿĲڹҲûּۻۡڵĶҶϼæվģֻҪҶһ죬ԺͲа
⻰һڣҶϹ⽫ܼҺͼڶҳ˿ȴʧˣЦĻôȻ
ȴ͵͵ЦЦ˲ã˲ɣڣȻѾˣھ͸Ҷ㹻Ŀռ䣬Ѿ֪Ҷϵ⣬˼Ҷϵһںγ뾾ǸˣһֱţӽټŮײͣͲòˡ
Ҳ˲ɵԸ񣬵ĿǰڹѾƤӵˣȴһ˿ûз֣
һˣʵҲлɵĶֻǣһֱûҵ֤ݶѡҶϼȻˣͬĿģҶϰĻ֣һѡ
ȻҶҲɵ˼ʱѾµ֪Ѿݡ
˶֪ȴûͱƣ֮䣬͵Ĺϵվһ֮ϡ
ἴʱһλԺҴҵڵĶߴ
ɫ΢΢һ壬æվ磬Ҷһˣ
ҶϺ͹ܼҼæβڳ˴ԺڻԺĴ£һȣϿ죬ҲʮңŵһյĺŴ
ţڷԸ
ԺóԿףǵš
ʲôҲû˵ţҶ϶˽󣬽ţʵû뿪ƼҴԺֻǽһԺ
Ҷ̤Ժһ̣΢΢һһͣ˵̫ƽһ䡣
Ȼָоģֻ֮ͨ˲ᵽ۵ֵܸܵķΧ
Ҷûйܼһԣֻװƣһ飬¶ݣһ޾š
˱ԺҶϷֺıԺͬһޣߵĽ࣬װ޺װвͬҶһΪıԺƳġ
ʵƼıԺԺ´󲿷ֵһһԺĸӣļұԺԺںʹԺһ𣬱ĶȫģԺСȫ
ڽԺӣһ䷿˽ȥŮӵĺԺѾװ˸ЧѴԺ
Сǰһų˽ȥҶϱȥģŹܼܽȥˣ΢һ룬װ궼ǾõģܶǽڶǷۺɫзۺɴΪҼӦСĹ뷿ɣ
뵽ƼС㣬ǲȥҲýȥˣƼСһֱײܴͣеõʲôأ
ʣҶҲ˽ȥһ˽ţͼһλŮӴСУλģŮ˰֣ܲڵҧгݣҵĺУҵ
ѾŮӵǰһһĺŮӵ֣ôˣѰ
Ҷ˳е⿴ȥһףȻëңȴβ
ҶôЩϤϸٴһȴ벻ʲôط
ʶΣʱ̣ܼѾŮץƼСȥˣڣһ͵ôˡ
뵽ˣҶҲæȥץסŮӵһָֻոֱʱһʬŮϴˡ
ҶϲûжܣĬһа䣬ȻЧȴҲܿһʬ
ۣҶͻȻˣɫһ˲
ôˣҶôˣܼҼæסҶϡ
Ҷ΢΢òվ˽ŸŵϵŮӣô磬ˣ
ûаôûоܼһԣȴûһ㷴Ӧ
ҶҲҳˣɵվŴϢˡ


29 Сˮ
ϣƼҰҶϵסޣֱһױԺҶϱͦ˵ģ˱ԺˣɼƼҴӵܾЩëڣȻʿһôһİܾ岻
ƼֵֹĻ̻̣ɫոպͼһӰˡ
Ҷڴϣ˯ţԴӽƼң̤ŵһ̣ͺԼѾһս֮С
ƼС£ɼ£ԷѾ̽ԵĳˣʱϳʬҪͨնԷ˾ҪĻǵŪˣ
룬Լһʼͷһϣ̫ˣǻ˵Ҳ̫ûˮƽˣֲöԷҪһ
ýƼҵУԼ̫ߵˣһʼӦñһʵģһĵѾˣ治ҳ֣ģͱ潻ΣյĶˡ
ôͱ¹滮һ£һ½·ôߣ
ʱϵͻȻ˵ϣһ춯ҶվŵϵˤһƣǵƽͷһΪӱ÷ǳҶϰ̾һֻûУôͷأҪӵϼʱ򣬼ѷ֮ϾȻðʺѪҺ
Ҷϼæסֱ֣ͣڰУƬĹ仯
Ҫ˵ʲôҶϼĹҲˣڶּ򵥵Ŀֲߡ
ңҡʹʱ⴫غԵ޾ɣƵɢʱһ˿
Ҷϼæţڴŵһ˲䣬һֻӰӣʹһӽʧڴſڡڿǰԺȷǲ֮ϵƼҴӡͬҲûп˭ʹק
ҶϺԥֱ׷ȥʮಽ֮Ѿ˱ԺĴš
ţ΢ĺת˷ѾӺԺǱߴˣ󣬴ֻȷһ·
ҶѰ׷ϣһܽ˺ԺԺֱռ˶򣬶һƬǻķ˵ҲԺģֻǺ岻ãˣһƬ˳˼ɽȪֲ󻨻ܣҲƼĵط֮һ
̤ԺӭһɵζҶϾһǸеȻϸֱ֮󣬺ǴӼɽ֮Ʋɽ֮
ƹСʢĻ԰ڳ˼ɽ֮
ɽ֮һλŮӣŮӱһɫ͸ɴܿڵ¹£߹յ쾡£ɫ¹⣬ʵĹߣһصĸо
Ҷ˼ŮͣôһСæתע˵ģôͿأ
ҶƿĿʱŮͻȻһˮС
Ůӵľˮ潦ˮ
Ҷϱô˻ﴩɴ·ˮıѾˮʱˣһаʹ۷ˮУˮĵس֡
ֻǣϸʱ򣬾סˣˮŮӲǱˣƼҵС㣬ͬʱҲٵʱ͵͵ƼҺԺҿһλŮϴ裬ŮҲƼҵСôֲõһμ͸оôϤأ
Ҳϰ߰ɣҶΨһĽֻͣǣºϴ谡ôϴô
ԭˮеŮӣԴˮ֮󣬾һֱҡڣһҲˮԣ㲻ˮҲûϵˮվҲֻǿǹβ
ҶϳɵʱŮӷһתֱӵˮУֻŶ죬ڿвϵҡڡ
ǲ壬ȾˣҶʶô򵥣ƼСаڶȻײڲӪȣֻƼСˡ
뵽ˣҶһ̤ˮУŮӣֱʱǱˮǳãҶˮоһֻ㣬һץסŮӵ˫ȣһʹŮӾһת
Ůӻǳ˺ܶˮҶϼ۾Ϊ΢ˣæǰĴ£СĴвλˣѪʹʱŮеˮȪһȫҶϵϣϣôһ侲ˡ
ҶҲ˲ôˣҪǽ䱧Ҫ뿪ˮء
˭֪ʱŮˣգ۾һµվ˫ڱǰҶϡ
Ҷ֪ղûǵģǽ͵С㣬Ҽˮġ
ң˭ΪʲôƼСʵ
ҶɨһƼС㣬ʱϺͶͷʪСһ
ҶҪ˵ȴȵŰߣĿվˮرϣ󻹸λԺ
Ҷ¼ˣΪ˲Сȫع⣬æԼ·Ůӵϡ
Ҳû˵һֱҶ˰ŽӹԼŮǶȥɣ˭Ҳ˵ȥȻݹϷ飡
Ժһĵ뿪ˡ
Ҷվڵϣڣкܲζڵı鿴ӦǺܷŭ
ȥϢɣҪܣҶϲȴڵķԸ
Ҷвڣ佫Ů뿪Ժ˱Ժ֮УӰʧˡ
Ҷϱȥ˯Ȼû¾ôװ֪ˡ
ֻһ²⣬ΪʲôڻĹؼϸһ¼ľ˹Ȼץ˼ҵŮǴŲģŭȻ⣬뿪Ƽҡ
ֻȻôúƵˣŮӵ˱ԺҶ϶һ𱸵ĻûСҲҶϿ̤СıԺ
ʱƼС㣬Ѿ£˵չ£˸·ͷҲˣһԻŸס
׼ҶϽˣ̾һҶôԺģ
ҶϽľ˵һ飬ֻʵѾҶϴ۸Ĺˡ
ţҵ࣬Ѿǵһγˣ˵꣬Ҳûж˵ʲô뿪ˡ
ҶϱСĹ뷿λæȥˣʱֻƼСˡ
ҶǣڸһᣬŮ¡
ҶһСʵС㣬Ǽıڣڽ췢飬źΪ˷ֹƵڷܲҵ£
ۡСɫͻȻˣҶϾͿ
ҶɨһС㸴ӵ֪ǹˣСʳʲôѾûϣˡ
Ҷк˽Сͽң뿪ˣһѾǵڶĿС÷񲣬ȷණȴණ壬ûе֮ǰҶϲóȻ֣׵Ѿ˵óȻֵĺжˡ
ʣҶϻصԼıԺɺ壬԰знһƻá
ʹʱҶͻȻǿҵԤУ˸ˣǴӺԺˮӿʼģƼСԺʱⶫһֱſڣڼˣ׷˹
Ҷû֨Ų߽˷䣬˴ͷ˼һȻת
һתſһλʮҵĹͯӣԴĴѪһһ˺ۣǱӻһ


30 һƺ
Ҷľǰһ̣۶ͯӹһҪⶫһ
ͯӹ촽ۿɼٶȻѪˮ
ҶһѪˮ˵棬о֣ƼҾլլҶϿʼƼ˶ǹһլ
뷨Ǻܻģôڴ֣һ׬Ǯô
ǲòϣƼլӣ˵ʮֻסλͯӹסҶ²ͯӹӦþסڵԺУڻˣŵˡ
һƺЩ꣬һĳʩģȻʱ˾סĵطô˾˭
Ҷϸұ֤Ҫڹһλ˲ʿҪһλмߵʿ
ҹƽĶˣżèУͣȣѾˡ
ڶ糿̫ûгɽԺžͱƿˣŽŲˡ
˭Ҷϴһ
ңܼ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ壬Ϊʲôѵǿû£ĪƼҵ
ҶϴźţܼЦǺǵĽţ˵ˣҪ㷿еλߣҹ˵һȻʿƼ£˳λµʱ㣡
λţðɣƼҲŰҶĻص
СвɾĶҲˣүé®붯سʿ֮һ΢֣Ȥȥܼ˵ţɨһλĿһλôˣ
˵ϣˤһ㣡ҶϻػʱһɨһλðѪǵɴڣֻͷ˿һϸȴһ˿Ѫ
˵׼ʱԷаСʱһˣ㾡ʰ˳ȥԷɣܼ˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
Ҷϴ֮󣬽ԼļҵЩʱǲ¶ĺá
ضʱԺдŮӵĸ߸ЬҶ΢΢һЦֱÿ˵ĽŲϸ΢Ĳ𣬼ϾͺжϳӦ˼
˼ЦŽˣһžʵϣϢĿɺã
òŹأҶĻһ䡣
ô˵
㿴λһ˯ܺôҶϵһ˼
˼ЦˣһҶϣЩ
˼ԷģһƼòͣЩҪĹغͳҪһҶϡ
ҶƼҵĹأǶ࣬ԷҲΪ֣òͱȽ٣ܶʱΪԵӴ򷹣ȻԵľˡ
ҶûˣҪԼ֣һòͣ˼򷹣ȻڼʳõĲͣڼûƼҵҪͨˣ๤ԺռñȽ϶ࡣ
Ҷϵһϰ࣬ͺƼҵһλСһòͣ⵹Ľˣ˼òǲǴãƼңƼҵС㣬ˣԴƼС֮󣬾Ҳû˺˼ˡ
ҶϺֱȱ˼ʺĽ񣬲־ȴƼ̶ˮ̫ˣֻпٽ⣬뿪ƼңȻȫѹֵճ罫Ҳòأ
ʿҶͻȻʵ
УӦȤȻȥ˵سķˮʦ˼ص
һʶһ£Ҷϻص
һʱ磬˼ҪΪƼһЩƷлƼõһЩЩ˼Ǻ죬Ҷһ
ҶҲ⣬ƼҵܸӣҶ֪Ķ̫ˣСϵײ̫ˣΪҲô¡ԣֻܴӸԴ֣
ҶϺ֤һ£Ƽҳ⣬ΪΪ˼Ҳ²Ǽ٣жϣƼλ̳˵᲻йأʵ˼Һ֪˵Ƽλ桯жף
ƼҵĶ巢裬ŴӴӴϵˤˣӺˮǺˣӷˣԼܳȥײڳײˣٺ˴󲡣ûˡ˵治棡˼ʵ
԰Ҷ̾ˣŪˣɱǣ޶ȣȷĹˣħһǿ
ôˣ˼ʵ
ʱûˣҶʵ
ʱ򣬷˶ڣԶԷ˵Ĵ̫ˣôɵˣ˼ص
Ҷϵ˵ͷ⣬Ƽ֮ǰе鶼̽ˡ
Ƕ˸編֮ǰˣ˽Ʒ˹ܼңȥСıԺ
ʱıԺվ˺ܶˣʮλԺһȺˣʿŮĺ١
µ˽΢سǰһҵ۵ˡ˵˾ЩˣΪۼҲ˶ѡ
΢سǵ׽壬سǵػ
ƼС㻹ûзأһ㷸ҿʼǼдŻ´ӵˣȻϷˡ
һ񣬾СŲ˵˵ʿǰ
ʿҲЩֶΣһﶼʱȴС㶷һ顣
Ҷ֪ԼˣƼҹڣҲһɣ
ǺҶͻȻһм򵥵֣ͽСеĲ˵ˡ
ʲôץסС㰡ڷˡ
⻰һΨûܵʮλԺһ֣ôˣڼҶһֱһӵʱ䣬㽫ƼСסˡ
ҸӰסʱҪˣ΢ָƼС˵
һλԺȥһԺԼӵʱͻˣʱһϸӡ
ԺǺҶһŮӰԺеһŴϣһ
ƼСһֱҲ֪˵ʲôƽʱҲⲻΪ档
ȴЩͬСһӣԼѲˣǺˣǷŹҰɡԺ󲻸ˡŹҰɡ
Ҷϼײ͵Сˣæȥô£
ǣѾʼˣ΢ʾҶϲҪˡ
΢éɽͬһɣʹõʽҶϲİȽֽУֽһľ֮ϣò˵һΪ
һ̣СȻı۾˯ţһˡ
ŮӴǼԽܵ飬ҶϼæСļѹ
ණҿˣСʲôʱѣ⻹Ǹδ֪΢ʿæе
ҶϼæվһԣʲôֻҪˣӦ˰ɣеȴһ˵ײͣϵĲòã
΢ƺǵ˴ҵԻǽ͵СϵײѾüˣСĻҲ֪ʣ¶٣ɢҲûޣ
ҶüƶǶС˲ûôɢأ겻棬ǻܻ
ǡ˼СŮп뿪ʵ
ţһоͿ컯ˣ΢ص


31 ׷
΢˵Ҷֻܰ̾ԼļʶƱײ֮ʱ䳤˳״鶼֪
ǽС̧˴ϣкչˣʹ΢ȥˡ
ҶϻصԼס޵ıԺܾв΢ΪǲǴﵽͨͨ׶ˣȻ򵥵ķͽײˣˣ
ҶԽԽ棬ºϷһСײͣһ㷨ܽġ
뵽ˣҶһµվȻıԺǼȵ塣ҴҵҵԼıԺǽϷȥĵСıԺ
Ժʱ򣬼СſڣȻվλͯһͯӹ
Ҷĵضڴ֮ϸĿͯӹ뿴ЩͯӹҪʲô
Լʮӵʱ䣬СͻȻˣ߳һλ˯µŮɫֽһûһѪɫ
С㣬ѵСѾˣҶϺʱֵС㣬ˣĻǣĳ̶ȿӦǸոȥϼһ˿
ʱֻͯӹһ֣СĻܻ񣬴˱Ժ
ҶϱȥС״ӣֻͯӹҲҲˣǴæӿڴŷԼϣĬֻ˱һƬëһŷķ
׷Ҳֻ׷ʱܳЧȻʿܷˣô綼Ҫɷ˵ˡ
ҶϴӱһС죬У׷꣡
˻һ׷һӷλͯӷߵķ׷ȥˡ
ҶһĲ෢ȫļҲڰȥˮרŵƷʱġԻ׷족ǾײĴʿģԼλҲȽϸߣ
׷þ׷ֻ꣬ҪĿ꣬׷ܰ׷ٹ꣬ʮа˾Ŷ׷ҹǿġ
Ҷ׷ģһҹɫдһԼ˰Сʱʱ䣬׷˽һƬس֮УƬسĴҶΪޣ׷ޣڷسܵ˹Ĺţ׷ˣ
ҶεƲƲ죬ҹķس׵ĴȥһһֻˣҪץʱеûҪ鷳ôķسƴҲҲֻͯӹˡ
Ҷֻôظʱûйˣ׷ʧЧֵֻܻȥȻֱܵٶȿԺͳ⳵УǾͷɻĲˡ
һСʱҶϲŻصƼңȫ죬ոճſڣͼ˶ԺдæıȥҶϰ̾ãѲϵˣ
Ҷϵסһλˣʵæʲôأ
ҶүղأСˣλ˴æص
ҶԴ죬ʲô£Сܳʲô£ǶֻСץˣô
ҶҲҪˣһ·񱼣СıԺȥ֮СıԺѾԺдĿ
ˣСѾˣҶϾԼƽųصĲ˱Ժ
̤Ժͼ˼ڵϣֱ۲ỨһЩڿȴޱ飬һѽϣС÷
ͬʱҶ˳ȥ˰µ΢ʱԳȾС顣
ҶϻߵڵԣҲ֪˵ʲôãȴڷҶϻˣҲûжʣֻת˵һ仰Ҫҳף
Ҷ϶ڵΣиеޱȵĲСȻûжٹϵ˳ʿݽƼң˵ܱסС
Ҷϵ˵ͷҲ˹˵ϡֻǣҶ˼ȴĳ֣ѾˣȸС㣬һӿ첽
ֽأαװˣڱҪʱ򣬾Ҫֻ֣ˡ
ڴʱͻȻˤˣͬһ˵ϣ泯棬ˤһʺĲ״
ҶϾæڣԺȻЩȴ
εˣҿ˰ܼҼ״æ
⻰Сˣȫһ͵˴ϣϢˣҲƼҵרְҽ
ҽϣڽǼģֻҪûˡ
Ҷȴ֣һλǿˣӵûн壬ӦóǰǿˣͨˣľˣҶϸҿ϶ûб֮ǰǲᵹȥģӸղҶ˵һ仰Լʱ侲Ĵ·ܿˡ
Ҷϼʱû£ο˼˼ԹԵĻ˱Ժ
СǱ߻£飬һЩҶ߹ΧԵøӵˡ
Ҷڴϣϸ˼£ˣѾɱſˣһƼҵĲƲľͻ֣֮ʱ뱨̸ף
Ҷ˺ܾãæéɽѰʺԼҪķ
죬ƼұҵķΧ֣ڼҶһֱûмˣ˵ѾɵԼŮ˲ܣҲÿԼɷɣ
Ҷ˼»᲻ͷйأɵļ֮С
ʱһֱϵˮѾһˣûʲôҲˣմʮ죬Ҳ御
죬ҶϿڣ˼Ϳʼ׽ƻˡ
ѾСȥĵˣճ˵Сɷһ⿪ԾֵҪһܴС֪λͯӣٴӹ֣ͯž׵Ķˡ
ҶϰлڱԺĵز󷨣һСɷͻᱻл꣬ʱֻҪСĹ˵¾üĿˡ
Ҷڶϱиһľ׮ÿľ׮֮ϣֱͯѪʱҶϣʶʿУͯǶôĿɹˣҲΪʲôܶʿһҲԸȢ׵ԵɣҶҲֻܱˣڵͽײʿҪȥһǶôǣ
ЩҶϲͨһ룬ʵԸģȻԼޣͲòˣ
绰ͨˣ绰ǱһλŮӵͨ绰ͿʵôҪҵİˣ
ҶֻܿЦӵ绰Ȼ˪ˣУ԰¼У˵Ĵ˪ˣ۾ֻҪԷҪ洫浽һӵ֣
Ҷϵʱ֪ԼһӮȻҲڴӦƵĴģ
ǺǺǡ˪ӣƼҳһ£ҪİҶϻص
𲻺˼֪ͯʿͲӦˣľӮҲˣ˪Ҷϴĵ⡣
򵥵˵Ҷˣ˪֣˪׸£
ʵ֤˪ûǸĵȴҶһǿ󣬾ְŵɣҲҶϵʵǿˡ
ǺǡСʱƼң˴һ绰ҶϾüȻѾôһλ֣͵и˵ӣ˵ҲǶ˽顣
㡭˪ݺݵ䣬ʱ绰ǱߴཱུĹҶĽֻɳϣ


32 ͯ
СʱҶϵĵ绰ˣҶϴҴ߳ԺƼҵſڼ˪ҶƵǣǸҲˣӣǼһһԴʵʲô£
ӣҺûɣҶӵһμҪȭӣôҲҪһɫȻһԺָжأ
Ǳģƨ£ҲֵøעôӲмɨһҶϡ
ร浽սʱ˭˭һأҶϻص
ӵɫһӳˣҧгݵĵҶϡ
ˣ°ɣ˪ͬʱһѶˡ
Ӻܹɣʹ˴סˣҶϿɲˣ˵˪ӣԺŰ£òҪ·ۣҶ˵
죬ȭͷĿ죬˪Уûз
ҶϼҲˣǵ˵ͷһ˿Цݣ˵ȵסȥɣ
˪Ҷϣһ·ϸĹۿؼҴԺ̲ס̾ؼǺų涼Ǵʯװģ
ţģһˮװһױס
˪ҧҧ촽ܲ˼һӣСٸҽԣ
⵽˾һЩЦ⡣
ҶҡҡͷȻôһ㱿׾ȴŮӸ΢ҲǺᣬһеԴת䡣һҪҸʰһ£˪ѾˣܲӰʹթɣ
ƼҴʱһ㣬ԺҲæɥȥˣǵ죬кܶѶС㣬ƼǺ׽˵ģҶڴ·˪ûܵκεţܿ˱Ժ
Ժģ˪źıԺٿֻһپǼסĵطˣʵ
ǣҶϵ˵ͷŶ롣
ƼҵʲôˣƼҾȻôı˪ɵҶϡ
ҶϿЦ˵Ѿȥ˾ˣ˵סǲչأ
˪͵Цţбӵ۽һۡʱı;ˣղҶƼȴԭˣסȥгĶˣֽкõĳ嶯סĵطѾˣ
ҶֺϾһȭζǴˣ֪ҶǲæЦЦģ㲻ǵûаɣ
ҶϳһưͿҲûж˼Ӷˣ˽뷿䣬˵Ҫǰץסһֻɷû⣿
ڽ˪ʵ
ǵģ
ô˵ڲл˥𲻵ˣ˪мңȻ׽ǻɷֻʵãЧˡ
İɣʿѾлֻҪ׷ˣҶϻص
ѪõǲǼѪʵʺѼѪүүҵģ˪ʵ
ʲôѼõԼѪҶƵĻص
㻹ǡ˪ʡ˺ģ˵ԼˣסתŴ⡣
ҵϷˣҶϵĻᣬ˵㱾Ѽӣ
Сӱ̫磡Ҷϵһӡ
Լõ󷨣Լ׽ǸãαҪǳأ˪Ĭһ˵
㷨ãһҪΪðȫҶϻص
̸ȫӾզˣҶֱַ̬Ĵη壬ҲҺҶϽϾˡ
¾ô̸ˣһһûһ˼Сʱ죬ʱʧѾˣһ˱Ժ
ڼСԺʱѾ侲ˣֻһЩ˻ң
ҶϽȥ֮󣬿⼸춼û¶ķˣһСϣľګҶ֪ŮѾɵˣ滳ߵĹϵأ
˵ĳ֣Ҳûκע⣬ЩˣѾƣˣûʲôˣ쵿˶ˣǽͷҲ֪˶ˣ
˪ִҪߣҶҲֻܸȥ㣬ӲԸվſڵȺ򣬵С񣬾۾ĵظ˽һ㡣
˪㣬͵һȥˣûʲôˣҲ˵ʲô
˪ȥĵҶϣǣ椽󣿡
ҶϺɵȷһĿɶϣƲƲصʮ꣬ôȤ
ûֻǾÿϧˣǸɱôϧҰﶨˣȭͷҧгݵĻص
Ҷ벻ӻȺһڣԺûа취ˣ
㣬Ժſڸ˪ڳ˼ʲôҶϳˣ΢΢һЦûзʲôԣ
˪ôһᣬҶϽɨˡȴɨõ񣺡ǲָƬ̫ÿˣ
ͣ˲Цˣ
գҶĿеӣ
˪ȴΪȻѾϰˣĿҶϣҲˣô𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ŷ֣ͷˣֻǺ˼˵ܵȵĴ̼Ѿɵˣͽעתˣ
֮о̬ԣȴ˵ô£˪Ŷķˡ
һģʱˣ׼ҶϿ˿ʱ䣬Ӿǻɷʱˡ
˪Ӧŵ񷢴ӾһȭȻɷƬÿĶ࣬ҪȢţ
Ӽæջߣǲ˵ô
Ҷε֣̽̽ðɣʲôʱ˵ˣǰ⻹Сأҿϱɫˣߺ
ģôûأӻص
ס죡˪޿̣
ŻˣæͷĬĬظ˪λˡ
Ҷ֮£һ۾ܣ
ϵسǷ賿ʮµʱ򣬻ɷʱ䵽ˡ
Ҷһ˪ˣѾջ׼ٿԺſڣĵģûһ
žЩȰҶһôҵаûгһֻأ
ǣҲʱжлʼλѪ׮֨֨
ҶĿ˸ʲôȥˣȻôѪ׮ˡ
ʱ򣬲ҶϾ棬߳һײ˪Ҳ۾֪룡
ͬʱʶһ⣬ණ󣬾Ȼʲô
ΪʿͨʿȻЦˣʵǾʿͳʵȻʿǾͨģҪ߳һײ㣬ͨĿǿģǲӺҹ硣
Ҷֻ΢ĳɣԼٽľ׮һһ̵ĺͻȻȫƵϳ䲻⣡
ۡ
ľĴ̳Ѫ׮һͯѪۣ鼫ϳҶſڣдСֻͯһģһҶϸҿ϶ֻͯӾֻ֮ͯһ
ͻһ˹ͯӵĸ첲ֻǺܿϧҶϲûʩͯˣԶҶϣ
Ҷϼæӣֻͯӽ㣬˪ֹ󡭡
һѵģƻץŮ
˵ţһ岽ӳ䣬һ֮¾ɱͯӹǰ
ҶϺ˪໥˵ͷۼѪ׮γͬʱˣ


33 ѪӤ
ͯˣȴһҲķӣɫͻȻһ䣬ŻİĭӣͬʱҲôˣ˲֮һɴСǿȥȴһͯӵģ
ɱӴĹͯӣȴ޴ˣеǵֻڹͯӵӡãŻãͯӵһȣͱһ˻Ҫߡε̧ͷеķѾϣȴֻܺĸɵۡ
ͯôվţһֻȭͷͻȻӵϣֻȭͷܴ󣬾һֻ屿׾ӦѾˣһĶôӵϡ
ӲҺһ˵屻ңײ˴ϣŵ䵽˵ϡ
һ촽Ѫ׵ĺ޼
ҶϺ˪һ֣Ҳ˳ֻͯѾ˷Ȼûлֻͯӣȴֻͯˡ
ֻӵĹͯӣȴû׷ɱӣǻصԼλϣʹİγѪ׮
˪ʵǿսҲҶ϶࣬üͷ΢壬ðһߴ֮£ȼ˻档
ţľȼյķϣĬľڿн˸˼£ܵնľеһѪ׮֮ϡ
һĻˣԴ̽Ѫ׮ΪԴۿɼٶɢĸѪ׮֮ϡ
̼䣬Ѫ׮ͨһɫĹâںҹУΪۡ
еˣˣôֵһĻһŵöȥˣֻĹͯӣףǸ˶ŻģһλôˣƼҵķˣһ䵭ǰ飬š
ľ׮֮ͬϵʢֻͯӾҲѪ׮ˣһҺ˳ҪӶݣȴֻͯӽԱ󷨲ƣֻܵҶϵ˶ǣ˲ˣѪ׮ֵ֮֮󣬲СʱǾͻɢˡ
Ҷϼͯӱ˵жˣľָһλͯʵ˵˭ǵģ
类˷ˣˣ˪ҡҡͷ˵
ʱһֻ쳤Хе˼£Ƶľ֮
ҲǹͯʱҶϿ˹ͯӾȻûͷǱ˷ˡ
һܷܲ˼ɣñдͲͷ˰
Ҷôʱ˪һڷˣǲдֻ֣һĹ
ѪӤҶϾȵ
ûв´ӦþѪӤ˪ص
ʲôѪӤӴӵǵѪʵ
Ҷϼ򵥵һ£νѪӤЩûгӤ̥֮󱾾Թаʿ̶̥꣬ʹﵽ˺ĳ̶ȣ
Ǹô죿ʵ
ؼֻҪŹ̫Զʧ˪Ӧ
ҶϼӹӤеõʲôѾûָˣǵ˵ͷֻˣ
뵽˪СͳһѾֱĸҶϺӣƽͣնħΪΣ߶˷Ҫһġ
ţףҶӦŵ
ʵҶϺν壬ֻԵģûо壬òȻʿΪΣʵȴΪԼı룬éɽѵͲʹéɽͻ٣һ˵Ա̰ۻ᷸һ֪ǷģȴȻִԲֻǣ̰۵ĹԱж٣ж٣ԣ涨ЩʽˣԲϵˣѹûжͨϰյǿԡģҲǴ߷ʱ򣬲˼ˣ
˷ֱλԵԶһѪ׮Ѫ׮ʼʩֻѪӤֻͷӬײȴҲѲ
ҶϱͲϤھģèҲģ
ӵʱ򣬱Ժǽͷһʮҵĺӣ⺢ӳһ˫ɫӣͷɷɫɷ׵ӣͺһֻҰ죬Ȼĳ֣û⣬˵רѹûзǽͷĺӡ
˵ӲʲôѪӤǹ꣬һͨˣеһУԣͨˣûиӦʲô쳣
ֻǣ⺢ӵЦݾЩˣͣںڵֳһ£һӣһֻʮĺӣֽףâںҹεĹա
ڴʱϵƼҷˣͻȻվйֽУСá
һ죬ñƼҷҵ߰㣬Ʒ㵹һأȼõֽޣȦˣһ̹
Ҷ˵ľæɨһùỤ̃ԼҴܵǣæãȥˣ
˸ո̤ãͼ˹ЦڻдȻЦʲôѵλ˶ԻҲ
ʵȴëսһ飬һ飬ֻǺܲ˶ѡ
Ҷݣһⲽ˻֮УӵϱˣŨһ
мλ˱У˪Ҳеͣη棬һУȳһλŮӼĶţţһ˸ߵĻ棬˰ɣ⸱ҲǾ˵ϣǱˡ
Ҳлעֻתһסˣӡӡǿ쿴
ҶϺ˪մӻбӵľУæת
һһλʮҵĺӣѾγĸѪ׮Ŀǰһľ׮׮ֻѪӤѾ
Ҷ϶˵æã糤ңӻһӰٶȣ㹻ɵ˪Ӷˡ
ƲƲ죬죬ûйΪҶϣȻŭһǾͱħһ׷ɱ
Ҷֻҵʱ䣬ѾڱԺſڣֻǣֻѪӤסȥ·ʮֻ͵۾ƮڰгǰСǿĳ棬ҶɱˣһѪ׮ûаγͳ˶һǽԶ͵ͽڣƽأһǽĺ汼ȥˡ
Ҷľһ˫۾ʮ£ڴͬʱһٶȣһӱһֻѪӤϣǲôһ㣬ûӡ֮ϡ
ֻѪӤҺӻѪˮʧˣʧӺҶϼʱһģһС
Ӻ˪ɱѵҹɫȼܻ⡣
ԶƼҵ˿Ժˣ߸ˣѪӤһѪˮˡ
һŭݣ촽ոУֻѪӤ֮ǣһֻʧĵط˼ֱľˣŲĵŭһֳӵ
ҶԽԽĽŲˣֹӶԵ淢ݣӣ˪ȥұԺһɣȻүҲý͡
˵˵ͷȥҶϾסıԺǸո뿪ƼҵĴСһ˶ˣûŻڹܼҵĴ£һȻˡ
ҶϼԼҲ岻ʲô֣ԹԵ뿪ˣ˺ͼλ˵ˣҲ͵Ժȥˡ
ֻҶϵȴ쳣ʧ䣬СɷֻѪӤߣͻȻðС˭׷鵽ˣ


34 Ӥʬ
ҶϻصԺ˪ѪӤ飬Ҷϻˣ˪ʵѪӤ𣿡
Ҷϵ˵ͷΪһʿ˵ʲô֪аéɽж꾡ĽͣѪӤǾֻδӤаʿι̥ĹͯӡһֻֻǺǴչ˾ֻνľ֮еľﵽ޵£ɱҲɱ
Ҿ»ֻûг֣ȻֻѪӤͼпǾֻ˪ǵ˵
ѪӤƼҾʿȻ˵еľѪӤɣԽԽˣҶüŴҹȴΣķ
ҶϵܣȰ㻹Ƽϵ˵ĿǰֻѪӤҲԸˣοǾֻأҶϵļ
Ҷϵһӣ˵ӣСɣԺýҶ磬Ҷϵܣף
ƾʲôҽҶϵ̧㣡ӱҶһѡ
ҲҺҴģҶôĵķʽѾһλ֣е㲻֣һˡ
ʲôʵ
ɱаʿԺͺ˪һҰɣҶϻص
ɱأӶҶϣʾľͶģ˾Ҫ˪õ
ɽҶ֪Լг룬źӴģͬҶϲ뿪ƼңаʿһҪҳҪˣԱɱ֮
ҶԽԽȷ׵һֵֻѪӤйأΪսˣʲô⡣
ס˪ɱаʿɱˣ㶼ˣӸһ
Ҷ͵͵Цˣǰﶨˣ˪Ҳû˳ȥ˼
ܲȿô£˪˶һۣΣķʱ򣬾ȻڴģòѾ˵ҶϴĵʱҲôã
һо׽ļƻֻôоʣֻѪӤˣԺ󻹻֡ǵķֻѪӤӦƻСɷģСľ
̸ǸֵСʱ˶һĪչ޴жϡ
ϵأڷǽʱűֳˣҶϾǸСԸҲȽ
Сĳ֣һֱСȥֻзǽһɲǺǹ˶ˣСãûƮұصӣǹƻ󣬾͸ǹˣ
˪˵ڶ뿪ˣҶϼƼңϵǳȻûԱñգƼСʱѾճһ齹̿ˡ
ڶϣҶ˺΢ƼС㣬صƼѾˡ
ҶϺڵ״ˣָӹˣҪ֣Ļܱ𣬹ֻɱ˵ĹߣĳӦˣ
ҶϿʼƼҵˣ˾ǷˣܼҺ
ʱһȥˣڴ󲡲ȥ˺ܶҽԺϲʲôԵɣȫҽԺҲȥˣֻһ飬ûؼҶЩӪʳӹ̫ˣûʲô󲡡
ҶԴӳΪʿ֮󣬾ͷִĿѧҽڹǰԵôԣҶϴڽӹӦմʲôаĶǾ΢ˣһͽʿҲҳ׳
ҶЩߵıȽϽںҲ𾴣أеĵʱ򣬾ҶȲ裡
ҶƼҵӣúͨˣѾˣ˵ģѰģĻţ
һҶںȲ裬룬˵ҶϹͷǳв˼ˣҺƼҵĿģܰﲻʲôˣˣĻˣһˣһ£𣿡
ڵһҶ̹ϵ˵Ҷ⣬ҶҲûбֳʲôģ˵ͷ˵ɣܼ£һ㡣
ʵҾϲĸԣһţҲͲܲ𿪣һˣҶŰһ£һܹ쵽飡ڽ
ҶӦŵڵнӹǷţСװϡ
ھǿڼϵһʯͷˣغһ𣿡
ҶҡҡͷʵҶϺҲûʲôԼֲˣοһˣƼҲʮѡ
ڶ˵ʱ򣬹ܼˣЩţº˵
˵ɣҶˣûʲô¸ԴӲҶϵ𣬾Ͷˡ
ҽȥ԰ݲݣһֵĶȥɣ鼰ڵ˵
ֵĶʵ
ţһֻӤʬֻȭͷС˵
ӤʬҶϵɫˣڶӤʬУƼңǰĹӤй
ʱѾˣӽ˶԰еĲѾήˣƺĻû£ȥ԰ݣ䷢һõжĺۼΪˣǲõˣʵ˹ȥģҶϸ濴ЩõѾˡ
ź棬һ¾ȻһɫĲƿӣƿװһȭͷСӤҩˮţûиࡣ
Ǹ飬͵͵̥ˣڿ˵
㻹뿪ɣⲻӤô򵥣ҶƾֱѾµһЩ
Ҷ˼ǣԻ
ܼң²κһȥɣｻҶˣڶ
Щ⣬˷ˣֲòӣǴʻȥˡֻǣһȥʧˣֻ˵ʧ٣ΪʧƼңү˵ܼҵԶݲˣȥ̽ˡ
⻰ƭˣҶȴܼڵĸױĺӣôأ
ЩҶ֪ˣӤŻԭλããõ֦
Ҷϻص䣬æóéɽǵһаӤйأ
ǴСС鼮
ʹʱüûм˼ˣĵҶϵķ䣺ϣʲôأĲȥ棬ڷжģ
ѽС㣬⼸ȥˣôһֱûм㣿Ҷϼæ鼮
꣬𳳣͵͵ܻģ岻һشԺˣ˼˵
ô£Ҷʳ⣬;ԼôôǣԼйϣ˼ŵùˣƼ˶ˣ֧˼ȥˡ
ô˵ģⶼʮˣûҳ˭İ˼ʵ
ұһûУҶƲƲ졣
ðɣ֮㣬ϣջعԺ˼ص
˺һ󣬶ЩϻҲû⣬ʵҶϺ֪֮ĶѾ˼ˡ
˼ѾʮˣֹµĺƼ˱˶֣ʱ˯ˣǿӣû˳ˡ
ΪҶϵҹǡṩõıҶϻ֮װʮŷЯľĵȥˡ


35 
Ҷϳ˱ԺҹɫĵģûһֻԶ󹷷è֮
ҶܣӴƼңӰûУǾ͵ػһԲлһʮ֣̤УĬ䡣
ϣҶһһľһֻλһҴҵ˻԰
ҳٿֻװӤĲɰķС
ҶһڲϣŴӱѪ׮һȻ˲ԱߣϵһѪ˾һš
ЩҶִӱȡһ̣ڲ֮ϣָʾ˵ǰλãҶ̣ʾӦǶŶǸ̵ֱ߷һֱȥһֱߵǽǴûзжĺۼ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ϸѰ˼飬ɼĵط
ǷأִϣѰңҲûҵκεķۼ
ҶʧͬʱȴӵĽˣӤӦò裬ν裬ʵһ󷨣Դ󷨣ԽլլӴаħ־ɳƼˡ
Ȼ裬ͼпɷҶϽѰɷò̵ģ̧ͷʣְѳϷ
ִӱȡƼҵƽͼҵԼڵλã̶ݵǰλãϱǵǼʣƽͼϵߵ㡣
ЩҶϾͻȥˣûжջˣסһֻӤɷɷ󣬾͸ûֻӤķ
ص䣬ҶЩƣڴ˯ˡ
ڶ緹ʱ䣬ҶŵߵƽͼоһλԺˣҶҶү룡
ҶϴæƼҵƽͼŻԺȥ˴ԺԺ鷿УҶϼڣһ̬춼û𴲣ҶϵһμŴϣ˰
ûʲôˣȥɣڿһӣ֧ˡ
˸ճţҶϾ͵˴ǰǲˣ
ЦҶҵʲôˣ
Ҷҡҡͷصʱûʲô⣿
ڽ̸֮ҶϼڵıȲǼˣǻָһ㾫
ҶϸȷԼĲ²⣬Ƽҵܣµķ֣Ѿ֪ڵĲˣǣڹ˭ôȥҳڹ
ȥ߸ɱֻۣҪһ첻û˸Ҷ˵һ֣Ҷϵжϣʱ֮ǰõĶˣ
ҶЦЦһ˵ƼԱ̫ӣ˶ӣҪҵ㹻֤֤ҵĲ²⡭
ʲôҪ㾡˵ڴ£һ̣þݺݵسһڣоǳ֮ɫ
ʵҶϺڵĹͬ㣬֮ǰ죬ĿĵĿˣȻͬĿģһֽ˽һ

磬Ƽٿ飬ڻϣԲյļˣĺ룬ѾڸͨӣʱѾûжѪɫˣһλԺķ˰ϣȿȿȡȿȿȡ
ˣʮа˾ŶˣʵƼѾ˥䵽˼㣬һҲˣƶʮǰ˷財ϥӣ졣
ڵȴĶ࣬ʮˣнһҵˣҲ˵Ƽ֧ϵЩģȻѪԵϵȽԶѡ̳ˣҲûйڷ֮ǣѾǺ˵ˡ
ȿȿȡȿȿȡҵĻСϵһպ󡭡ȿȿȡϵƼңҪ桭ȿȿȡͣͣؿԡ
һ£ҲôżٻؼˣȻΪ顣
ϢŲܿ촫ǧ֮⣬ڶգֻҪƼһϵڵõôˣʮ𼱵ĸ˻ƼҴԺԱԽԽ࣬ڶ糿ڵˣʮλһֱԴ𣬴Ϣĵڶ翪ʼڱŲֻмλΪ׽ĻԺػչٽӼκˡ
׶̸⣬Ϣͣ㣬ڵڶҲƼҴԺֻǣѾˣصֶҲ֮⡣
˼ҲˣʵûԶ뿪ƼңڵõϢܲʱҲѾˣ壬鼱֮£ҴұҶϱԺҶڴյĺӣƼҶַˣڵУ
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˼֮һ˵ͷҲûٶ˵ʲôת뿪ˡ
ҶҲûж˯ˣó绰˪ĵ绰˪һҰɣƼҵ¸˽ˣ
˪ûж˵ʲôһڴӦˡ
ҶЩͿʼˣֻʱ䣬ĻڹʱľҪˡ
죬ƴˣҶϱٵĽ£Ѿֲˣٿ飬˲μˣҶץס˻̤Ƽҵÿһ䣡
ƽͼҳ⡣
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ϣҶһӷʮʱ򣬾˯ˡ
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Ҷϱ۾ȴ͵͵Ц֮ѾƭĻ֮ˡ
ֻѪӤֺ󣬲û˯Ҷ϶֣ĵǱҶϵķ䣬ڷĵط˶
ҶͻȻ˶ӣʵ˯ۣӴ
ֻѪӤæǱѪˮˡ
Ҷһȥϴּ䡣뿪ֻ֮ѪӤֳˣзһӣӴͷҵһţȻֻѪӤͬʱʧˡ
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ʱϴּˣһҶϣʱһĹЦȻӺ˪ˡ
ӣƼҲûͽˣҶ˵ţС
˪Ҳ˼ʵ˵Ҳ׸ҶȻУȴһ˵ı죬۱ˡ
ӼԸ˪ŭ񣬾εӦŵˡ
Ҷ϶˴СǽĵطΧǽһ·׷ȥˡ
˪ãȷǷֲ׷Ҷһ߿񱼣һʵ
ǻɽ˪˵ţŲӿ죬ܿҶ˾롣


36 
Ҷϼæ׷ȥʵֻͯеǷţѾ˪ֽŵŷ⣬ŷ⵽ֻҪó׷̣ʾԼ롣
˪һ߷ɱһ߶е̣һսȹڷ裬һ㶼͵ζ
ҶϿЦһԼʲôǿ׷˪ɣԷ򵥣һ֪׷٣һʹɱ֣˪ԸӣˣδԸˡ
Ҷ뵽ˣӾ˵һֻܿĽŲٶȹ죬Ųȷ͹ĳֲࡣ
ҶٶԽ죬˪ٶȾͻ죬ٶȣֻܸ˪ĸҶˣôôǿǣͶԷӵʱ򣬾ˣ椵ѹûأһƶ
̧ΡҶε磬ԼҲ˪ʿĵڶײ㸽㣬жã·̧Σ
һֱ׷ȥǵٶȣ㹻һܳˣǾȵǣǾȻû׷Ǹֵĺӡ
˴ԼʮӣҶ϶Ѿ˳УʱһƬ׵ؿ񱼣ҶϾϤϸһ룬һ׷ֻѪӤǴﾭġ
ҶѾ³ˣǸĹӦþѪӤ֮ء
Ȼ׷ʮӣҶϴŴ˪ңһԾ빫Ĺ
ȥǰ涼һƬƬ̣Ĺʮҵľ룬ܿߵͲһĹ
˪ͻȻͣ˽Ųв֪ʱðһаĬҹɫС
ɢˣ¶һĵ·
ҶϴŴ˻ϢһͬʱҲѧһ㶫˪·ʱ֪ԼѾණסˣ˹ǽˡ
˪귨תɨһҶϣ¶΢΢һ˿ЦݣܼôҪˣѾƶˣһ·
Ҷվ׵޴̼񾭣û⣡
Ҷ϶˼·ڹĹٶǲҹģڲ֪ʱ򣬾ͱණʹһʲôľͲˡ
һ·ҶܵĵɣղŵۣҲָˡ
ȵȣǰгҶֱʱѵ˪Ҫõö࣬ȷһǧҡ
˪æһͣˣһңת˵ɽҰģôг
˵⻰ʱһعâԶɨˡ
˳ŵƹ˪ɫˣ˭˴󵨣賿֮ȥ
ڹҶҲţǵøеʱ򣬾һϵй¼Ϣ
˵Ҳ֣˶Ѿڴ˵ǧʷˣֻǽʮű˳ʮǰһλ׷һֻҰ붴Ѩ˭֪׷һҵľ룬ͱˣڶ˲ѣʱڶ⣬ɴ˶
֮кܶ಻Źˣдߣʶһ¹ʲôӵˣȺȥ̽գǣÿֻ̽һң̽߷ֵʱ򣬾ǵڶˣԼƽ޹ʵĳڶڸһͱˣֻڸתȦӡ
ϢһЩʿȥȴΪһ̫֮ҳʪˮòֹ
ҲͰˣ˵˼йûڹ֮ǾʬֵسǲûˣҲû̫ע⣬ǺϢҲû˸׽ˡ
ӵĵƵ˹ˡ
˪ԻԶҶͶ̣һ˪㿴㿴
˪æջߣĿͶ̣һ֮£۾һĨ־壺ⲻǹ򡭡ѪӤˡ
ǣҶ˵꣬Сȥ֪ͨڣƼҵڹˣڶЩԺ
ι𣿡˪ʵ
İɣû֮ǰǲģҶ仰Ѿʧҹɫˡ
Сġ˪Ҫ˵עⰲȫ֮Ļһ̧ͷѾҶϵӰˡ˪ЦһӵһμҶֱڣиУʼնԻ
̾һЩԶмһһյ̵ƴԶسˣյƾĻ˪ߡţ̵ƽسˣһ˴С
˪ӿڴһң䶪̵֮С̵ĵţûκηӦ˪гһִӿڴһңȥȥȥҾôˣ
⻰˵̵꣬ƵһͻȻˣ̽ӶֻһλЩͶȥͲ֪ˡ
˪̵̤ƣλϣسǣƼң
̵ƴ򿪵ԶرˣյƾȻһسǷˡ
Ҷһ·񱼣Ϊֻһҵ·ȴңڹĹʱ򣬻ܵ˹Ӱ죬ʾλһĲ졣
ʮӺҶϷ˱ܵٶȣΪѾٽͣڹĳˡ
ҶĵǱԱߣţˣǴӻọ́ǰ˪ụ̀׷ѪӤ
ָѪӤȷѾ˹
ҶĿһŽڰ׵ĹģŶڡ
Ҷһᣬ߽˹
ԽǿǰԽԽأո¹һ꣬ΪʪˮҲԽԽŨˡ
ҶһֱСģһͻȻһ£ӱһƿӣƿӲ󣬺ͽӲ࣬װ˿ڴȷʱó
ֻǣЩʱ򣬸ո̧ͷͼǰվǸصСС죺
СзĽзŮɭɲںڵݾ¶ֲĸо
ҶʶһѾСˣǱСӷˡں˵ͬʱеľѾֵ׼
СֻǹЦЦһתܣŹȥˡ
ҶĿ˸ȻĺѾ֪ˣҲûбҪˣֱɱȥ˵ȻޣûһؾóȻǰǺҶľŲɿ죬Ѿ˹
һһ߶ûˣͻȻһ𣬽ĳڷˡ
ҶϸӦеı仯ͷһۣʶˣ֪Ѿס˶ڣҲû⣬ʿԣֻһָоڵҹʿܺ͹һκζ
Ҷϸ˴˶Ľṹǳһǰֻһֱ·߼Ҫһ䣬λСѾʧӰˡ
Ҷϲڷ׷ϣ룬ָ룬ȻָŸ
ҶϽһ۵ĵطһ˪ǣԼľǰѰ١
һߣҶϲʮӣһ·ֻöеԽԽԽԽʪȴӰӶûš
ҶЩˣǲйǸСģƭ˹
ɵʱǰһֻ͵ĻǣȻһСĻǣ˽ˣŸȥˡ
ҶЩԥˣ׷ȥԷݽǰװ׵ô
ţǰһϤӰӣҶϼǸӰʱȴһŵɫ
ô㣿Ҷߵ


37 
Ҷ϶ǰϤӰӣ¶һĨɱ
վĲǱˣƼҵķˣе㯵Ļ
ҶͻȻ˼·еңΪʲôҪԼĶŮƼҵĲƲһ̳˾
˶һҶϣȻתһ仰Ҳû˵˸
ҶĿ˸Ĵţô룬Ҳ벻ͨ˳˼ʱ򣬷˶ڳͻɷˣǵһˣȴΪ飬Ҷϴûܾò
ʱˣҶϵɴ۾ŷ˿ܵٶȣͻȻһһ
Ҷϱ׷ˣԭص˪ȱ룬Сڶڵĳ֣˵ĳ֣
ʲôܣ߲ʲôˣ
ҶͻȻȤӿڴһ׷ֻĿǰûĿ꣬Լܷɣֻǰ
ֹ˼䣬ÿˣƹ䣬Ӧú͹ײĵӲ࣬Сڲڿ
ҶʮӣûټκιˣˣвΪԼߴ˵طȻʮ䣬ȴһֱûв
ҶϿ˿ʱ䣬ԼѾ˰Сʱˣ·ߣΪȷԼİȫҲߵñȽһ·ˣ
Բ٣һ·֮󣬾ͻֵյ㣬Ҳ߲ȥˣ
תһ䣬涼һ̶ҶϸĹۿ̶һˣӽӡеӦλ˺һλС
ҶЦһЩ²⣬ȴԽǺ棬Ȼˣ˾˭
۲ӡ˼ʱĿͻȻһվľָǰװŪ
һЦӹսǴˣڹУĻԭһԵΪ졣
Ҷ֪˵ЦԲûжټˣ£֣³һֱţˡ
ЦͻȻˣһλŵʿװ߳ˡ
㡫ҶһĨɱΪһˣ֪Ӧû˺һСԣûֵ˼
˳ˣĿ˸ҶϣСˣ
ߣ΢벻ƼҵĻ֮ˣ㣡ҶĿһŵӡ
ϷôӲϷ򣡡΢Ŀ˸ҶϵĿЩ֡
ҽ˵ЩϻɣҶͻȻʵ
Ȼǣ֪ƼҵĿģ΢Ҷϡ
㻹ǵǰһλʿƼչôҶϷʵ
ǡ΢΢΢һ㵡
ҾĶӣǲɱҶ˵ţеľѾ΢΢ˣھгȥɱ΢ĳ嶯ֻҶ΢ı֮һƼڲûڹ
ִ̫ˣҪһܴͬӦңƼʮڼҲ֮һģ΢ص
ԭҶϵĸ׵Ƽסʮ죬ҶһľѾĲˣֻͬѪӤ˹ص㣬Ҷϸ׾ܾǵ飬ԼԸһˡ
ȺһΪ˱ܣҶӻؼҵ·ɱ
ˡҶ¶һĨЦ⡣
û˺Ǯȥ˷Ŵ㣬㸸׾õӣѵ㸸׵ķǿ΢Ҷϡ
ֻҶȴд㣬֮һļҲôʣµ֮أ²Ӧһ΢ģһڹģ
ֻһʿĲͬʱҲĶ֣һһЩʣ㽫ƼҵɱˣܵõʲôƼҺйϵôҶϾеɱ
Ͳùˣɽƣ΢ص
ʲôҶϷʵ
ڸǷţ֪һ飬ڻֻҪһ鲻٣Ƽҵʲǵˣ΢˵ЦݱЩо̰
ǣһ˭Ҷ϶΢
ǺǺǡѾµ˲𣿡΢ЦŻص
ӹҶͻȻ
˻һһλȥЩݵ˳ˣȻյӣȴĶˣһĨЦҺܺ棬ô뵽ģ
ʵҶų֮ûаΪƼѪԵеԶˣǹΪ˽µյϣǾ㹻ĻὫıеס
ֻôҲ벻ϣѾʾҪ׷ˣҶȻɣҲûн˵ˡ
ڶν̸ǴڽĸҶʱ͵͵ظһݣεˣ
ôϾֻʣ¹ܼңˣ˶УܼұˣڱϺܼ򵥣ûʮλţôߵ졣
ܼұֻͯӻǳˣ˵͹ܼѾûжٹϵˣؼڹܼҷɷ󣬲ԵĽ¸ڣǸʱҶѾų˹ܼ졣
ôʣµ˱ֻзˣҶϲףһΪǮƣȻԼŮ֣Ǵ˱̬ô˾ԴˣƼСɷϣҶϾͻɷ˿ˣڸղţ˵ĳ֣ҶʱնҶѾ֪Ƽҷˡ
ô˭ˣ˭õƼҵĲƲ
ڸղţ΢˵Ѿµ˭ʱҶԴһһνƼңǸƼҶٺһϵеķӱݣ
ݼУʮķӣûб˷֣ҶܷأֻΪԼǷӣҶǰݵ̫ˣ
̫ˣԣʱıˣһ̣һڡ
ȵȣѾƼҵĶˣ㲻װɵƼҵĲƲһݣ㹻㷢һˣΪʲôҪϵ˶ԸԼˣƼҵλӣһλС㣬ҲѪףҶʵ
׹ͨӣͻȻ޵ĺޣ
ţƼһʷˣԭһһλ˽ӣƼүŽҲһΪֵָܵģԼĻ˵ϲ棬ȻûжˣϲҤӣϲƵأϲܣϲеϲܽ֡ӻ
ү죬õԼǷݼҲģүȥ죬ʦ顣
ֻ˵ֽȥ帣ƼҵĲҵȫڣ
ߣ뿪Ƽңңڿγɹģ
ǣУͨеԪһ٣һ޳ɣȴ
ѾûصƼˣһɣýʣļǧǮ˼λԼһ٣װԼɵˡڵ֪ϢͽӻƼҡ
ôҲ벻ң


38 ˣ
϶øʧԼΪıȡƼҵʲʱڳˡ
ʱڣǸԲɫɷףȫʧˣȫɢǿϢ
㡭㡭ŵŴڡ
϶ûʧ˰ɣŭڣͨӣʱǳһƬ˵󣬺ͱŭĹүȫһӡ
ΪɷɱҲ̫СˣҶЦ
ԭԴӵò𣬾ѾĵҶϼԼǲаˣҲûȥ׶ҽֻǰЭҶϳ¡
ܼҷɷһɷҶȷ裬ȷɷˡʵɷ֮һʱ򣬾ͲµˣڵĲ֣Ǳˣʲô
Ϊɷʵ֮ǰЩƣɷȴ飬˵꣬򵥵˵ǽ˵ɷ֮Уܵɷɣλ죬֮˵ļգһΪаҶǱéɽУ꾡
ҶڼװΣٿȫĻ飬Ҫÿ˶μӣһǴԼҪѶϢپΪ˸Ѱɷĵص㣡
ҶϸƽͼԼǼʣҵɷɷΪ˲֮˵ע⣬ͽþɷôѪ׮ɷڵȻȻɷɡ
΢ĳ֣ҶһҲΪ棬ʵҶС֮ϣѾˡδ˵ײͣ˵ҶΪ֤ʵ˵Ĵ˪ȻȻҶһɷķ֣ҶϾ͸ȷˣǼһֱûƼҵʿֻ΢ˡȻûȱ֮£ֻ΢ϼһˣ
ȿȡ϶ɻҼ㣬˭֪Ȼ߱ŮĹãҶϵһ£ɱǶˣ
ԱϣðʮλԺЩԺΪЩȻƼҳӣȴκ˽һ㶼ڸдӣֻеŻðʤˡ
ʮλԺǾ˳ôǰһƾͳ׵ĸס΢ˡ
ڣɱңҾɱ˵ţָͷ
̧ͷǽһʹֻϧѾˣұսʬ壡
Ů
С㡭
˽ԾʮλҪֵĻԺһŹֵڡ
ְɣСѾˣҶϺʯеģСһ˿лѡ
ҧҧϵתߣɱ
һľɱ޵ĺޣ޵ķŭ
ʮλԺˣҶȴЩǣһֱŹսǴ
ȻսǴӰһƼҵķ˳ˣԾԳϵٶȣ˻Ժ֮ǰ
ʮλԺһסˣͣ½Ųû취СĹ꣬Ƿˣ
ͻȻЦˣЦĲ׺죬Цʹ飬һӸµĹ°µĿ𣺡ɱɱ
ڣ棬þƾʵҲͻ˶ǿЦˡ
ˡҶͻȻԺһӲ
νˡʵˣֻаʿˣһƶķʽ˵Ļͨײ󷨴壬Ȼ󽫶ĻǵڣͶɹ˲࣬ͬڣ˱еĹ
ҶϾɵһ˲䣬˳ˣӾ࣬ȻڶѨзˣʮλԺ֣ÿһγ֣ǳмѪ
žǹʱ䣬ʮλԺȫˣ˽룬ʣµҲǹۣ߽ӽսˡ
Ҷһ̵ģȻ̬Ķڣ˪Ҳ֪ȥˣ֣һԸ壬һԸ꣬δزܻʤһ˶սеѶȡ
Ҷϳɵһ򣬷Ѿɱǰˣһֻȭ̫Ѩ
־˰
ҶϼæˣͬʱŴ˵һѣܣ˪ң
ŷӦ֪ԼʮλԺѾɾˣתܡ
΢Ҫˣһ־ȥҶϣ׷ڡ
Ҷһ̤Ŷ͵ʯڣȻͷһԾһ־ס˵ĺȣһӲӰоˤ˵ϣ
Ҷʧȥֵ֧㣬Ҳʧȥƽ⣬ˤڵϣһʯͷǹһʹ
˾ûһ֮վҲҶϣ׷ڡ
Ҷϴæǿľʹһ׷ȥ
ڴʱ˵ͻȻͣ˰Уܵ˵һӲһ˲ȫð̣ë֮дëζ
ʱֻ˪Ӷվһ̧Ÿһϸһԭһյʽ̫ƣ
ҶͻȻЦˣһеǲֻҪǹʹùߣᱻ̫ˣǰһõӣ
ҶеһʯͷˣֻѪӤأ⣬Ĺ꣬ǵĶˣ
Ӹǲ޽ҶһѣǵĴİ
˪Ƚ࣬һۣʲôʱˣ춯֣飬ɱ
Ҷ⻰սֱϣŷžһ
֨һ죬ûд̽ȥȴˣ
Ҷϳ׺ˣղһˣôԼõľǴ̹õģôͶԻ˿ˣˣûţԼı
ЦˣͻȻһһóĴ㹻˵ĳ̶ˣͺҶɶ
Ҷһվ֮⣬Ѿɱˣһֻǻʵɱ˹ߡ
ŷ˵ԴһֻĿ죬һת֮£һڴסһɽţߵʮ׳ȥˡ
˪ŭһûãչƣȥԸ
ӼæӦŵǹãٶȻǿ죬һ˲ӹչƣŷˡ
ǿ֮УȻǺҲʹùһʹùͻһαչˡ
ԣҶں˪һˣһ˹ȴʹˣ
Ҷϵһǿһ̤ǽڣһŷͻȻһתƽеƽ棬ȭͷѾ˷˵š
ƺһʮ׶࣬Ǵʱ˪һʯͷ׼ͷǺݺݵһʯͷ
֨
һԸǹѵţҺţʱˡ
Ǿڷ˵µͬʱǱ״ˣȴǴһѵţչˣ
ҶϺ˪һȥֻǸֵĺӣһʯͷ͵ϮɹѾźӶˡ
˪һǸƿڴ
Ҷȴ֣һ󲽵סСӵȥ·
С¶ںڵݣŻµĸоֻǴʱǴеǰŶģǺӾһȭ
漣ˣСӳĿ죬һ֮£ҶϵĹҴ֮˹ȥ˼תʱǸѾ΢վһ
ؽʱ򷢳Ĺ
ҶѰһ˷˲ˣȻƽ޹ʵĳʮˣӹЩӣСֻʮôߣ


39 ѪӤ
²ҶϾˣǼʶȽ϶˪Ҳ۾˼Źˡ
˵Щߣǿֲͷ­ϴһʺѪΣѾͿ˺ɫϣѪɫ֮Уֻܿһ˫ã
ҶϼȥǸ취˼ҵĵط֪жأð⼸ֻñһõֻ֤ѪӤĿǰûг֣Сı̬ٶȣľĿǰСȻûг֣ǣԲƽ֮
뵽ˣҶ˪ʹһɫ˪˵ͷҶϵ˼һѷ֣Уγʮ棬ס˷˺ñĹ
Ҷһ³Ŀ죬ÿ̤һҪˮ
һ˲䣬ҶѾ΢ʿǰͬʱһȭ΢ȥ
΢ȻǸڵĵʿȴԹһϲͨۼҶǿƵĹˣ˺ͬʱԵĹСƵҶϵǰ
Ҷϵȭͷ֮ı䷽򶼻Ӱ칥һȭŹСȥ
СҶĲֹһԲ˼ĽǶŤˣһߣŤҶϵһȭ㿪ˡ
֮кһߣϵ·ͻȻˣۿɼٶȳһ˲䣬ӺҶһСֻǿȥȴȻһӵģ
ȫ·ѣ¶ɷ׵ļ˾Ϳ˰ɫȾһʲô⣬⻹
ǣôһʲôаĶ֮⡣
ֻǣҶȴûл֪ˣȵ⼸ʱ䣬һֻͿ˰ɫͿϵȭͷƫеĴҶϵš
ҶƺһľĴ󣬻ţǧʯһ㣬ײʮҵľ롣
ҶˤڵϣȫһĵľʹʧȥֱվȴġҶϵʱ򣬹Сһɱˡ
ҶϼˣСȭͷһλϣ㲻ҲǲзˣԣҶϱƴ뷨ҧָͷСɱ֮ʣͻȻϡĵϴһһͯдѪķ׼ȭͷȥ
ڷӴȭͷһ˲䣬漣ˣֻ֮ðһ˿˿ɫ壬ֺ󣬶ѨͻȻ
ɫ壬ӴСȭͷϣȭͷˣðһ̣ȭͷͣ˰С
ҶϼͯѪȻЧǽմͯдѪķȻһѶСȥ
ˣСϵɱˣ˷ͲǰˣҶϡ
΢¶һĨɱӱȡһɡɡֻѪӤͬʱĳˡ
΢һ־ָҶ˵ʲôֻѪӤĿͬʱҶϡ
ҶϾò΢ҪˣСѪֻѪӤԸˡ
ҶЩصӣվˣɨһ۱˺ʮֻù£ڽڽڰ˵˪ˡɫһֲ˿ڴĵóһҵ
ֻѪӤһɣȻɱˣҶɫһƿӣӭֻѪӤر
رʲôϡĶǲԼϵҺͯеҺ;Ѫ֮ļƷ
ˮֻѪӤϣѪӤЩã͵Уð˺ֻ̣ͯҺޣ˲Ƥѡ
ҶϴʱԼͯǺȷҲ֮ǰȻʧȥͯ
ˣ΢ⷽʽЧô
ϻݺὭʮ꣡ʲôû΢˵ţŲȴ˵øӵĿ졣
ҶϼԷѾߵ뷨֪ԼʱˣҲ֪ԺδȻվӣϵĴˣеĳޣǾͱ΢ˣ
һǰͬʱӵϼһʯͷӹĹУһʯͷȥ
䡫һ죬ǿʯͷֱͷ̺Ⱦˣõûͷתͨһӵ˵ϡ
΢ʿ󺧣ͷҲصıˣ
ҶϷɱھʱ򣬶һȭţҲûһǼ󲽸΢ʿ
΢ŶȥģôҲû뵽ҶϵӰһ㣬ͻȻǰ
Ҷһӭ΢һȭ
΢ҶϵʱѾڶʱͣ½ŲˣôײҶϵȭͷ֮ϡ
΢ȫһԼײȭͷϣײ֮ϣǰ߹Ƕĸ
΢Ȼ˵ڵϣ˵ͬʱֻѪӤһɱ
ҶϾˣΪֻѪӤ֣Ѱ·ֻ΢ĳɣлһմ˴Ѫķʹ˴ΪԼһҶϴӿСǰܣڼӾ׷΢
˭֪΢ᣬһʩҲٻˣСҲˣȻĽҶϰΧС
Ҷҧҧ촽ҲûʲôˣֻܿȭͷԿЩһȻ˶ԣҶǿģڹԣֻ޲ˣغϣͱСͷ˻ˣӵڵϡ
΢ɱһ֣мĬֻѪӤһֻСһˣͬʱɱˡ
˪ӶฺˣȻȴҲҪʮʱ䣬ҶҪõǵĽȣѾˡ
һ̣ٽһĨʣһĨޣӣȴվ
ֻѪӤٽŻĺˮĴ죬һ˲ӽҶϵͷ­
ǧһ֮ʣֻѪӤˣܵʲôţţֻѪӤѪˮ˵档
˾һðˣ·ȼΨСһ磬һ֮ûټ
ʱһλȫµվҶϵߣɨһ۵ϵҶϣҡҡͷŻͷ߱˪Ӷˡ
˪ӦȽϿ죬ͣ½ŲߣҪͣ½Ųȴǽһˤһʺ
ϵ΢ʿһ˿֮ɫ󷽹䴦ƶ
ʹʱһȺ촳ˣͷϵĿɢˣЩܶ඼ɱ˵ģɷ֮ѨʢйǱˣ
Ⱥֺǹָÿˣһܻˡ
һˣһλټæվ˵ˣˣǲ˼
ָҶϵˣǰɣʿ
콫Ҷϵ˷ˣ˪ЦЩӲǰүүҡ
ȥ˵ɫ
ԭλ߾سʵʿԼŮм죬͸ųˣ˭ֵ֪ļʱȻҶϾ군ˣ
ллˣڼæǰл
ǾŮУҲҪлңؼҺƼҵĶԹԺ㣡ү˵꣬ԼŮ뿪ˡ
ҶϺúõлһģȴҲûилĻᣬл֮лٻˣ
鿴ֳѾҶ֮еˣһȭǸ˶
΢ҲΪıɱƼλӣһλС̣Ҷڵ֮ͦ£ɱ˵
Ϊ¾ĽˣҲ΢ڵĵۡȴôҲ벻лһֻĹͻȻбĿ⣬ѾһƬǽĵۡ
һСڵϣֻѪӤɵվһԡ
Ҷϣ㺦Ϸ޷õɣʳϷһʮٱ㣡˵꣬гһɡɡֻѪӤˣֻѪӤվһ𣬾ѪӤٷ


40 аʿ
ԭֻ۹ǵ۵ڵݷԸ飬ǰӦõ۵ǳãֻý˵ļݣԼѷһֹϵĳɼأֻǴ˵᲻ĳɣ˭Ҳ֪
ʵԸܺýͣͷоѪӤ͹Сʲô²첻ɵأ
Ҷϵĳ֣ƻϹĻ룬۱а֮ر⣬ǻȥ㣬ȥΰ
˵ҶϣʱסҽԺѾָĲˣ⼸סԺʱҶǺҸˣȺ˼չˣټ˪ӣסԺסζ
ڶҶƼҵıڣҲһֻǴԱҶѾûжȤˣڿǲǸûصֲӼѵ
ҲìܵʱڼСش˵绰ϸ磬үүȥˡ
ˡҶϾ⵽һĬңʵүүܺãô᣿
үүߵ֣ҲˣǶ˵йˣԹҲˣҶ˵˵ҰһλʿʩϣҪˡغĵĻص
Ҷϳ׵סˣҰǵİɣѾĸˣֻ˵ĹӦûָ˰ɣ
ҾͻҶϻص
ҶҪˣһůѾûһ㰲ȫˣͲڿ־лˡ
ֻҶôҲ벻ʱĴׯѾаʦˣȴ꣡
ڶ죬ҶϴҴҸϻ˴ׯһׯ͸ܵһֹգʱɫոպоһӰûˡ
ҶϴҴҸϻүүļУԺӵʱͻȻ޵ıˣλؼңǸ飬һǸףһΨһˣڶүүչĶˡ
ҶϴҴұãʱûжˣ඼үүˣ֮٣ʱϰԶĲҲûУܼжôˡ
ҶϹã֪ʱỨʪˣүү˶ڣغܱУŷҶϣϸ磬һ·ˣͲҪˣ߰ҲûʰסҼң
Ҷ׸һмҡҡͷٿүүɣ
⻰ڣҵ˶ˣижбУġ
ҶϹڵϣһҹңΪһʿ˲ʧ˾ҪҶΪүүһˡ
ڻɷʱүүô£оʲô£
ǺܿϧүүѾˣɷʱ͹ˡ
үүڼм죬ϣɫ΢΢ʱ򣬾ˡ
صУҶϾúۣͻصԼ˯ˣҹ飬ûкۣƣ
ҶϺݺݵ˯һֱڶ磬ű
أ̧һðǸոġ
ҶϽӹҲûжʳΪ˰οأӲһһڵĽˡ
ر鼰ڣ꣬˵ϸ磬ͷͷˣүүһ
үүôģҶһֱֻ֪һֱÿʡ
ײ˵ţ΢΢һܵķӦӦ־塣
ײҶϾȵ
ţڴڡؿʼľ
صĽ⣬Ҷ֪࣬үүʹһһײģúõˣǷ裬ͻȻţţܳȥװǿŹ֮ϡ
еĹҲǵҶʱǿô
Ҷ꣬һ˿ھռ飬Ѿʮа˾ŵȷˣڵЩ»ҰڻˣҲҶϣͶŴ֡
ػȥˣҶҧҧڱҪȥһˣǳģӦƽ
ͬʱҶҲôڵֻŮˣԼ˪İ£дгĿǰѾͯڵΪˡ
Ҳ˯סˣҪĴȻˣأ
ҶˣµʰһЩ׽þߣİȥˡ
ɵǣʿҲڴʩ
еӣʮа˾Ŷڴ峤ٻȥˡ
ҶϳֵʱѾ̳һλڱ񣬵ȴʱ䵽
ҶϳȺУҲû˵ע⣬ϸĶʿһλܹʿһͷڷûʲôֵģͷɢ͸Ůһųڵ˰ԵЩصĸоˡ˵λʿԶģ;˵أй֣ȴ
ʱһʿ۾Ҷһ̾ȵŴͣΪλʿһ˫ûеĹ񣬺ɫģѪһĳɫ
ʿˣҶһֱ뿴ǲͲò˵һ£ָǲԶƤëļһԴƭ˵
ʿһϵе׼ˮ䡭һϵеļһҶϲٻˣһﲻʲôǲ֪ʵˣ
ܿ죬ҶϾզˣ˺ڴȻйʻⲻһʿģйʻҪϵʿйа
λʿȴúɣһھˮȼ˼ŷ̶赸ʮҵ
һӵ֮ͻȻһƬ峤˻ɫʣ
ţȼʮŷһй䡣ϣɫӺڰڰΣ칷ʳһׯ˺ҹ
ҶϸӾˣӱʿѾǶ⼶ʿˡ
ţһľΧǿô赸϶ʩҶȻûмڵӰпӢʩʽе񣬾˵ӢҲéɽһɵĴˣҲ˵һҲéɽ˻ߺᡣ
ݱ䣬éɽѾݱɺܶˣÿɵķҲͬԭһǾþµϴ񣬺ܶéɽʧˣҲഴµĶˣһ棬ÿɵּͬЩעЩעرаЩרעᳬȣЩ׽Щǿˮԣþ˺ܶɣĿǰҶϣ׽һɵģּҲ׽Ϊġ
ǣ׽һҲͬЩŷаҪ֮˺һСһҲеľԡɡ˪һɣһɷȽϾоɵ磻⻹һСɾԹһɺ̰ܶа΢ʿҶһɣм䣬ԵĹɱһֻƹŹһֻɱҲҪ㹻ɣܼɱҲҶУ԰ֹ¼УŵپǷ
λʿòԣӦһλԹɣһͿˡߵǾԵġͲֹ۾ߵҶһм䣬ʩĹӦúҶЩƣʵȴԣλʿӦаɵʿ
ʵʿаҲǾԵģаɵʿһǻаʿҲһǺˣؼʿ̬ΪΪħֻһ֮䣡
Ҷ˼ʱ漣ˣĳ˹λʿȻĽˣһĹˣأţһӵף


41 ּСë
ǧ֮ϣɫͷ­⽫Ƕô飬ŵˣóһȦӣȦгаʿҶϡҶ϶ֻͷȵ˵
ԭģɫͷ­ۺ󣬾ȻҶСʱСëҶȥôһ£ǵҲ˵
Сëͺ󣬺ȻУƴȴ˵ʲôҶʿҲˡ˺һӣʹ࣬ĿɨȺȺǰ棬Ҷϣ񿴵һݣʹ˵ʲôֻҶȴһ仰ǣҶܴе֪ȡ
ҿˣΪСаʿžֵˣ޽˵
СëӦΪǿңҶһҡͷҶϾôЩΰСëҪ˵ʲô
аʿ˵껰ߵ̳ǰ׼ˣھ֮󣬼СѣǺˣھ̾аʿ߳׽ͬʱҲںɱɱ
ҶĿ˸ָⵯһѪѪܿСëüģСë΢΢һҶҪͨˣʹõķͨѪ䣬ǽһ˹ֻ֮ҪѪ䣬ͿԺ˵ͨʽģͺֻͨ࣬ƼչˣéɽҲڲϵ˳³£ʱ
Сëʶ٣ֽʽĹ˵ҶϵѪ䡣
Сë˵𣿡ҶҲǵһʹַܶʱδͨŻģͨ͹ֱӽˣʿôһЩ飬ʹôΪСëԼʵ
ϸ磬ңҪɱҡСëҶϵĻĽе
˵ô£ΪʲôУϵ˶㺦ģ𣿡Ҷһʵ
⻰һСëĿˡԩϸ磬ûǸ
ϻ˵㣬ǻ˭ΪλУҶϻĶСë
ģ˵ŮˡǰһСκˡҪ㣬ҲͶȫˡСëŵòڿˣæ򵥵Ļ㱨ʵ
ҶˣԭСëﵱʹˣСëҶϵĶԻڸĹˣȥ͸һŭ֮£УڿǸʱͿʼ߻ƻˡ
Ҷϸô£аʿ֮ǰȴЦЦӷ̫Ͼ֮նɱħ֡
˵ţǼһҶϣһĨаЦҶϾǰգҶавãһѾʹѪˡ
ȻаʿǰסСëĹӱϺݺݵشһȭСëʹһŴͣһѪüӡ÷˳
аʿռھˮ֮Уôĵӣһλֻˣе鶼һֲ߻ģ
Ҷϳ׵ɵˣΪһʿ׽һɣ֪͵ʶ֮˲ʶԼһǽǶôһ£ҶϸҶ϶һǹģ
аʿһȻһҪаʿɱΪȥֻع
ɱаʿɱаʿϼһһӦ
ҶƲƲ죬ⶼʲô£ӳҲа֮ܵģôһӱħˣСëһ£
λĴǣ԰꣬аʿУڿʼһһˮѪںϣаʿϼһɿѾλˣͲƻһˡ
ҶһԾվǵѪҵģ
͡
˵һɣޣ죬öֲͬҶϣ
ҶЦһͷŴ񡰸λףҽ˹⣬Ҳˣ͹ûκιϵ˹Ѿ˽벻ģɱˣ
Ʊ磬ǣΪǵİȫаʿ
˱˴˶ȴҲû˳֣ҶһӵˣҶƽʱ˺ƣûкκй֮˭Ҳаʿ
аʿҶţԼȳˣľһСë
ɱһֻĹҲŹκһֻҶϺԥĳˣһаʿҪֹаʿСëСëյĻ飬ӦСëȥͶ̥˪ָ£ѾͯڵΪˣӦСëûа쵽κƤӵ
ȻҶֹȦףаʿһ۸ߺѵǵȵʱ𣿡
˭˵ǿֲģԣҶϾȹһȭаʿаʿҲˣǰ׼׳ͷһӵϡ
ܿ㽫ҶΧУ߰ıȴҶϱƵֻܰˣû취ǰǸǣܴܲɱɣȻ޴ȴҲũ񣬴Թǣаʿ̫թˣ
ҶˣΪаʿṩ˻ᣬаʿľ۾գҲգһ£Сëһ
СëϽѾգһͻСëꡣСëɫǵ㣬һɢˡ
ҶϲʣŭһѾһأɱаʿСëѾɢˣһΪǧˣ
ŭĴһһҶϣҶͷۣҲδмܵˣ˴񣬶δطŹһƨϰһӣҶϾһͷܣ
⻹Źһݾʮ㣬׷ҶһȺϷˣèһǿЦҶϼˣǲˣ뵽ˣӿٶȣźɽֱȥ
ɽ֣λڴׯϷׯʮأûеõɱԭʼɭģ
Ȼⲻ˵ׯ˱ʶãǺɽйϻӣܵʳ˶
һƬɭ˿ǳһЦϣͼɽҪľģֳһ˷ܵĲˣΪ񵽱ˣ׬һڣ˫ʹ˴Э飡
һľˣĽɽľһȥľʮа˾ںɽ֮С
˵λˣǲڲһӴλѣҪڿˣ˵£θɣһùʲô¶һˣҲʼծԾˡ
ˣɽسǣʦȥɽ׽˼λλʣˣɽıɽˣ˸ǲҿˡ
ҶɽԵ׷ᣬ˺ɽԭʼɭ֣ҶϽ˺ɽǰ귢Ĵ£һ˴˶ɣ
һЩ˲ڱԵȵڣûмҶϳɽŷȥˣ


42 ֽ
ҶϳɽտʼΪ˶ܴ񣬲Ը𣬵˺ɽ֮󣬽һС··ˣɽһ֣֣޷֡
ҶеĻţɽһҲ֪ǰŰɣʿ֪ôһЩѧ֮Ķˡ
ҶԽԽζǾյĺãණǣ뷨Ѿˣ·ˡ
Ŷӱȡ̣⹦ܣȴҲָܺһжϷ
ֻǣó̵ʱ򣬾ͳ׵ɵˣܵ˹߱ʲôųӰ죬ڲϵתôתҲͣ
ҶƲƲ죬ҲǺˣֱʱ򾭳ѵҰӪǰԭʼɭִֹһ졣
˵йɣʿս飬Ӧòѡ˾ԼԼģҶηɵˣȻںɽҹ뷨
ôģɫȻ谵춼·ɭ֣߳ȥǾǳ˵ˡȥ͵Դ񣬴ڱаʿƭˣŪ
ȻҶԼĵĽܿˣһˣһʯͷϢˡ
벻ǣһȻĻ˯ţֱĲˣⲻ֪һʹҪݾ飬ʱ˿̸ǹҲϢʱŵԺͲôʯͷ˯ˣ
һ˯һѵǿ˯˴һСʱͻȻ۾ڴͬʱзɳһѾذס
ذ׾֮һԶĲݴУСļУҶվЦˣ߹ȥӼеĵطץһֻ˵ӣذ׽ȥǰȡ
ҶϴӵϼõһСʱһĿζɭнɢ
˶Ӷ⣬ɫѾȫˣԭʼɭЩ˵ֵС񣬴ʱ
ҶдһӣҵһŹͺͺֲɸߴ֮ϵ棬һ֣ôһܰ˯ĴǺһյһְذһһ˺۵ͬʱҶϵѾˣʱϢһᣬż
һ°ǳҹҶϣȷһ˲ˡʱоһ췢顣
аʿ˫۾аЦݣԻаʿһʼʵڲʲôʱôһ
аʿôаʿĿʲô
ЩԴҲûޣֻǴ룬׿Щʣʼ滮Լô
ںɽȻ⵽ΧˣҲǸ취Ҳ˵ɽգԼǵбħͷһҪ壬ȻҲŹԼɣ
һɽϴ跨߳ɽؼһ
ţţʱȻĹȥˣ֪ʱˡɽȻҰһʱʱʱᴫҰĿЦǹ죬ȻҶȴҲŲǵ̬ȣļʲôģҲǣȻǿˣҪһ㡣
˭֪£ʹĹֻֽٽҶϡ
һЦҶ϶ûǣˣһļ硣
˴һģҶЦǺǵǰƽļķʽܼ򵥣ǲͷͷ˺ȣ
Ҷ໨Уûˣͷˡ
ҶҡҡͷʵеĹֵ͵һΪĹޣɽһΪȽʢĵطȥܵɽˣ
Ҷֻɾǵڶ֡
Ҷҡͷԣֻ̾Ҵ˵ʱһƮأɷˣ
Ҷϴæӿڴͳһմ˴ѪĿ棬Žٽ
ھʮҵĵطͣˣŽɢ߳һֻֽޡֻȷֽޣ磬࣬Ͷ˹ģҲ˵ֻֽ޾ոߵŮ
ֽ޿Ҷϣ΢΢Ƿ񣺡ӺδҪδȥ
Ҷ϶仰ôرϤĸоϸһ룬ⲻǡμǡǾ仰ôشƶɮƶȥ󾭵ĺС
ۼֽ޺òҲ棬ʹϷˣ뷨صұʮĴ˵·ˣǣ֮Ҿͻ뿪
Ӳ߾ͺãǡҼ˵Ļ֮գլκ빫ȥȱϲƣĪƳ١ֽ޺ܿ˵
ҶϿЦǲе㱯ֵù£ڹϲ£Ǵˣμһι磬ٵõùʱأҲ䴫˵ûпɿݡ
Ҷ뵽ȣѾùˣڵùһЩǵùˣԾܾ͸˵ĺҾͲˡ
˵ţҶϴӱͳһңȼɹʹõˡҶͦм˪ģ˵ʿ϶Щ򷢹ңкôġ
Ʈֽߣֽ޽䣺˻˵ǲǵʲôˣڴϲ֮ռѪӵĳѾ׷ˣϣȥ㣬ںɽû˸Һԣ
׷ˣôûǧټƵҪȥ׼û¡ҪܾҶͻȻͶԶһɽӦɽǿۣӦٹۣԴӵһôǿҲûôǿġ
һıע⣺Ǿ͹ˣ
ԭɽ֮ϣһȺ飬Ϊߣһ£ҹɫΪۡٶ飬ư߷ˡ
룡ֽһƣһУһɫĹ˺Ǻ
Ҷֻɨһۣ֪ǰ˹̧Σ˸ǡǰֻġȻʿмʱˣ⻹ǵһμҲǵһлԸоĳĶˣ⻹ûгԹź棬Ҷ׷ĿֽޣƮƮķֽޡ
ֽ޸ǰҲڿһԶ򿪣˽ȥ
̵ֽӻ֣ƶˣ빫ӱ۾һ߹ӡ
ҶӦŵʹ˱۾˻ᣬֻߺХķĴڵУԼڷɻϣߵķড
Ҷ̲ס棬۾һС϶һڰɽǧԭʼɭ֣ܿӰӣֻǾһǰС
ӣ۾λֽϤԼԼĴ
Ҷϼæ۾ٵͷ˵ȥ
һΣһ㡣
ʮңߵķͣˣЩ̹ǵҲˣվһůķС
ӣǵˣʱֽ޵ҶϵĶߡ


43 
Ҷϻ۾ǰһܿĶѨڵƻ֮ͨӶѨд
ҶϺɵɨһֽޡֽЦǺǵĻص
ȻˣҶҲûѾˣڷغǼһﶷӦȥˣȻǻ磬ŲֳʲôѪȵɣ
ҶϾ˾ȥֽ޸˴ԼһٲѨÿˣʯڻһЩͼҶϾԼȥȥ̫ɽ
ǰѾˣɽˮģҲûнӵˣŸסֽ޼ҶԻĶǽϵĻ滭Ž͵
Ҷϰ̾һֲֲⱣԭûػ
ڻһ·ڸӿˣڵĵƹ⣬Ǵȥġ
ǡ磬˻ǷЩѪе֮ϣ˺ɫֽװ̨غ⣬ѨϲķΧ
߼ʮףڿ˶ѨȫòһѨӦ˵á
ѨЩǹ£װγɾǽڣװ˺첼ȷ˵ĻиоĶˡ
Ψһв㣬ǲμӻ̫ˣ˵̫ˡ
ɹһλȥʮҵˣ峯ʱɷеô£
λˣһһŮа˾ʮӡ
پϯʮңղŵġ
ɼпˣæһ·ҿˣ뵽֤ҺӵĻҵңСȥ衭
ֽӦŵһ˳˲š
ҶСԭڵӾС
ɹһο˵
ҶĿɨһȦЩˣԴ·˵أλλ
Ļҵңɹٻص
˵׻СѾ˲裬̧Ų豭СҶǰһ񣺡ò裡
Ҷϼæӹ裬ͷϣⱭûȣֲƬУͷʯͷģҲòȥƲѪණˡ
ɷģģǲɺ񿴳Ҷϵĵǡ
˵ţ˫̧豭ĵҶϵǰ
Ҷûѡˣæӹ裬һۣڵ̲衣ֻܶ˵ߣһСڡû⣬ҲҶȡ
ôûмأҶϼæת˻⡣
·ϣһ͵ɹӦ
˵ţһֻֽޱˣͽҶλһģһͺӵˣ
ˡˡ
ˡ
ϯеĹһվ죬Ȼ෴Щűȿ޸ɥı飬ȿ޸ʵ˷ѽ⡣
ЩƮƮһһƮѨˣЩҲ˳ȥʱѨֻҶϺλˡ
λʼû˵һ仰۾гһ϶ϸΪ˯ˡ
Ҷ϶ûʲôȤܡ
һ죬֡
ҶϵʮӣɹٷһλŮӽˡŮӳֺҶϾ͵ɴ۾ŮӳصĽŲȻǻˡ
˹ҶϾּˣֲһ˳μӻԭֻȢһλŮӡ
Ҷ϶ŮȤ˭ŮӣȻ͹飬ܲ¹ŮУҼ޸ŮӣΨһˡ
˹죬ҶԻ˾ɱŮֻҪ͹ֶͬ˻ᱻŮ˾ͻᱻ
Ҷһע⣬üͷͻȻΪŮӺϤһ˳еƣȻźͷģߣˣϤʵ̫ˡ
˼ʲôأôɽ֮УһҪ޸ֻҶ
ʽȽϹϣչʱİأҪ붴
հأһֻֽ޴Ҵææܽˣˣ
ڰãͣɹһڷ
Ҷϰ벻ôͣȻôʱ׷ˡɹٵĻǷĵĶˣСԣɹһһλĹ
С飬ҵ˼𣿡ɹٶֽ޺
СӦȽϿ죬æˣȥ뿪СæСеΡ
ȵȣȥɹͻȻס˶ˣתҶ˵Ͳȥˣҳܸ㶨
ˣҶϻص
˵˵ɹ˵ţʹ˼ֻȥˡ
ʵҶϺʶһɹپж㹻Ը졣
ʵֻ֤ܴ󣬹˴ʱ䣬ɹٻˣʱжһңмͼĹ
ùΪԭƶɣӳЧǾ԰׽һ˵ǲҩʵжٹЧ˭ҲҲƷ͹Ҳһ˿ڵĹ
ҶϿֱûʲôֱеٵͲ裬ٺͲƷֿˣ䴿ȣԭǹܱȵġľǹͺñȻƽ𣬶ǰ׽ٵͺʯһ
лл㣡Ҷϼæл
ڱĵ̣;ܷİɣɹٿ˵
ҶˣɹزʶΪʲôҪأ
Ҷʲôʲôʱɹȴ̸һ鷳ǰˣҵ鷳ɾûˡ
ûеڱ£ȻһԼĿĵġ
Ҷϻ죬ɽʱ򣬻˴·ʵʲô⿴ܷˡ
ǻˮɹ˵
Ҷˣˣ˫˵ʱҲҪҸͣȻ˺ѹһʱ򻹻ֳ⡣
е֮ðɣԣҶƲƲ죬׷ɱһ±ֻҲûʲô
ɹлԸֽ׼þȥˡ
絽ﱾýý붴ˣҪֻڰϵȺˣ͹Ŵ˵Ļһʼûнҿͷ
̳֮Ҷɹ٣뽫ͷ˵дһֽϣˣ
ɹӦŵĶߴߴ˵һñīʼдˡ
Ҷǰ׼㣬̳ˮ
һɹٽдõֽĹҶϿʼĶֽ
Ҷֽͷ£Ҫ֪˵֡
ȿɹٵϣ˹Ȼ峯ˣѾһٶĹˡ
ҶĿƶʱ׵ľˣһôϤ֣֡ĭ
Ҷ⵽˵һסˡĭôѵĻôһҪ޸һֻ
ʺţһ˲װҶϵԴ


44 
ҶϾһ֪ԼڲЩʱ򣬶һ˫۾򾲣˳˼·
¿ʱڳĺһĭǵúһʱ䡣
ΪȷǷʵҶ϶ʵɹ٣ǵĳظң
ɹٺܿ챨Լ峯ǣ˳Լǵ˾ٹ⡣סʮʱ˴Ⱦ
нˣ˵ڵĴӣȻҶͬһӡ
ĭôǴӣҲֱֻ޳ɣȴҲһС˵Ҷ϶ԴĹ֪Щ֣ɱСһѣһӣӦͬѧ飬Ժѱ˴µĹûһλܺǰġ
Ҷüòûô򵥣Ҳ𴩣ӵʲôЩ棡
ʱҪɺ泯أҶҸҿͷʶһλŮӣ˭֪ŮӺ֪Ҷϵ뷨֮˫ֽסͷԼ¶ĿȻŮôȫĵģʱֻڶҹɽҿͷȻ
ɣž붴ˣҶһ붴һĪıˡ
ڽǰ⽻ССúкҶϣסһڶȥ
͡ˡˣССлкҶϡ
Сķ䣬סһҺСסҷ䡣Сò˵
̫鷳ˡҶϼæл
ҶֽСͬ£···ʱڴ򶷵
Ҷ򶴷һۣͣ˽ŲЩŹֱ֣ԴǺеġ
С춯ٿҶϣɫʱߺˣ춯ǲǴһ̻ʲô춯ɣǴΡ
˻ᣬˣҶƲƲ죬ѵԼˣ£ĽŲˡ
ҡҡͷתҪ뿪ʹʱ
Ҷһ˾񣬲ǸŮˣǸٵٱ꣬˭
ŮӺôһȻͲˡҶҲˣһ˶
СˣֽԺ͹һ˺ûӵˣ嵽ſڣסҶϵȥ·㲻ܽȥ
ҶǸͷˣڼֽ޵·һֽͷϣôһӴֽޡֽȫðһЩžͱֽˡ
ֽʵûֻһЩ˵ʬȻ仯ģɱײˡ
ֽҶһ߿ţһȫ¶ڰǻ
ﱻڴϣú첼סˣ·ЩңȴҲû¶壬˫ס۾ͣʱ˳æҶ
ҶϽţŮӵһ̣סˣտʼӰڼϻɻҶҲʶòߺһⲻĭ˭
ĭҶĳľ̾
ĭڴͷжỨˡ
ҶٻͷһɣһԻ󣺡㡭ǡ
󵨶ǿǿŮҶ˵ţʹӱȡľ۶ɡ
ˣԸңɹҶôȥʵˣʱæڳ
ð֮ںˣҶǰȥĭϵĺ첼嵲סĭ
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ԭţǹ֣һžͱɰڴˡ
Ҷһͷˮʲô
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ҶϿЦĭҲ̫ˣΪһǹɱһֻǲ쿪ôǹҲɱҪʿʲô
ȻÿһǹȥǴ˿һӹϴȥ
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ͻȻָ֣÷ޱȣڿлӰĭ󱳴ȥ
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Ҷľһ̣׼ͷ­ԹΪأִָץĭ󱳣лͷ­
ߵڼ̽ĭʱͻȻͣʵȫлɱĭȴûУһȴҲûжľķâľ̽ļ
ľ壬ڴеĵطðỤ̃һȻԼֽľ˳˵ϡ
ҶϽԷνʱĭӣֻǣǸܳͲòͣ½ŲΪǰ˼ʮֻѾΧˮйͨ
ĭ˵ǼҲԾԵʵǹˣ£ȴڽ͡
ҶһϷǹİĭ˰ɣԼôͶһأ
ڽƱˣѾָΪĭ۶Źߡ
ĭȵȡҶϼæ˵¼ȻǣˣǸײе»ʲôᡣ
ߣҲн죿ʹʱڴһŮӵĹЦ֮
ˣҶϾ̾ĭǱˡ
ö̧ͷŶڷ
ʱֻһ£Ļ֦չɺɺҶϿǴڵµĸо
Ҫҵ˶⵹鷳ɨһҶϡ
Ұְ־ǲǹɱģĭʵ
ҶֱŮ궼ǰһѧϰɼôرˣȴûԴأ
ɵ㱻ˣҶϼæһĭ
ʲôѵҺܱ𣿵˭˵Ҵģ֪ƭңĭҶһۡ
Ҷϲˣƭ㣬谡Ƕǹȥˣھкݺһĳ嶯


45 ޸ˮ
Ҷϱֹ΢ԥһ£ͳˡĭٶе㾪ˣһߣ˵Ұְֲɱģ
ô᲻أĿɱλ죬λʿص
𣿡ĭͻȻЦˡ
ȻȴɫͻȻˣĶĭ㡭ɱ㡭
ĭٶȳĿ죬˵껰Ѿ嵽Ҷˡ
ʱҶϲŷչĴһ𽣡
ҶϺͿˣķչԾ̫ǿˣ˼άѾϽˡ
ǸʲôɻڿߣʱЦǺǵվҶˡ
ԭ»ǸӣҪĭںɽ˵𣬾һֱĭ˸ھ참ģҶһĭҲǵͥģĸʱִˣ
ĭһֱסҶڵСسǣżѧԺҶһбҵġ
屲Ƕ⺢ӵԸ񣬽ʵˣҲǾˣԼ跨׵ϣ֪򣬾˼ɽˡ
ɽĭ˹ߣĭղһִ˹죬Ҫɱ߱
ΣȻɽĿǰǾԵĴ磬Ҳ֪ʵڻȥ·ϣҲڣɱģûãĭ뾡취ҪŪ
߱ĭִŴˣǴӦĭ˭ɱġ
ʵò飬򣬾㲻ˣġ
ĭ͹߲취ȻΧŮ
ǡºɽһƬ̣һƬʢǹ֮ءĭܵڿԼĸȥˣһޣˡ
Ҫɱĭʱһλ¸һ顣
ĭһλʮŮµĽ飬޻ߣ˼˹ߡ
ôҲ벻ͿҰģ߰˼ϸὨþǼϸһ뻹Ǹð취Ͳˡ
ҶϵĴ룬ǵļƻ֮ڣҶʿ跨Ҳ£ʵйͬĵˡ
ߵŰΧĹȴͻȻЦˣߣҲ̫ˣѵþһ֮ҲɱĳѨô
ҶܾòԾߵľֲĹˣ˵޷죬ֻǵ㱾죬һҶ߳Ѩ
ʱЦŶˣɱǣ
˻һߵĹΧ˹ˡ
Ǹ췴ŭ
˰֣޽Ļصǿɣ⾿ǲǵĹ
һ˲䣬ˣ˺ƤĹ
ҶһߺĭļƻȻ޷죬ȴ֪ԼĹ类͵
ɫˣĭϷȻҶϲ֪飬һģˣ˶ֻ֣֣൱
ǣҶϺĭսʤϰٹ
Զ׼˾о֣²Ѫǲܵˡ
øӵɨһĭۼѾɱǺȵ跨ߣҲ
ҶϿЦ㲻ѵῴֻͦԵģǾһѣߣɱȥ
Сֵܣлл㣡˵꣬ͺ͹ˡ
ҶϷ˸ۣ뻤סĭĭ׼ľȥ
ҶϼǿıӰҲͲôˣľɱȥ
ʹʱĭһ߷ˣҶɱһ漣ˣľڿУ˵֮ǰӵѹû˵ҶˣûйԷ߰
֮ʱһֻȭԴϣԴ졣
˵һȭĿһһǰӵϼĽ𽣡ľˣľн𽣴ڵʱһľԵķʧ飬ĭĭ㺦ˣͲҪãһ𽣣һľΪץС͵أ
ҶƲһˤһĭǻӽϣ߶ʮһɱһѪ·
뷨͹磬ˣһͱֻΧС
Ҷ϶ŹһͨԼˣֻǺúõġ
Դһһ죬α͵Ϯˡ
Ҷðǣǿžʹʮಽ
ĭԣľʮΣտʼŵöˣֱľˣľȵ˼㡣
ٿȻǰޣվ˫ȭѵ֣ڲ֣Ǽʮ˫֣кöڿռƣֻվһ
ҶĿ棬ͻȻɱģŹߺߣӳȥҲʩ
⻰٣Ųܺûӵһ׼˭ʹ˭ڳͨɱ
Ҳ뵽ҶϿʲôɱһԽŶȥˡ
Ҷ¶֮ɫӿڴһѴ԰ȼ档
ҶһѾĭ˰֮£ߡ
Ҫ𡭡ĭĵ
ɽڣûգɣάӣҶϺ
ʱһȺɱã˸γϣ˱ڣײڴϵĹһ˲仯ѪˮˣţȺֻܸɵۣԶóһٿҶ϶ˡ
Ҷϴ߾֪ʱжһֻƿӣĵشƿӣƿеơһӭ潽ȥ
ϣʱȫð̣һֱҶϴԳԭˡ
һŻöϿķ֧·ˡ
öŶղõˮʲôĭҶϽˮ̫ˣΪʲôʥˮǺ⡣
޸ˮҶЩǣǿĻص
ʲô޸ˮҲҪһҪȥֻĭһܣһ׷⡣
ҶҪôأǱԼϵͯ
ĭɨһҶеƿӣƿлһЩһֶȵңȥȥͻء
˵ţĭ˴ٴγȥ
Ⱥ֪Ĺĭͯɱ˻һλˡܰͯ򡭡
һ˲䣬ĭסˣеƿӵڵϣߺӡ
ҶֱˣȺĭɱæ׷˻ȥЩմĭ
ʲôܰҶ˵ţӵϼƿӣΪͯ򽽳ȥˡ
ŵúˣлӶܡ
Ҥ߾ſڵȺ򣬼˳æ˵ߣ뿪ɽɽһ챻ƣ֮ɱˡ
ҶϺĭæŹߣӶ򶫶С
ʱɫѾ΢΢ˣֻǺ£ɽͺҹûʲô
ӳԶڱκܶĵ̫Ŵٴ׷ˡ
Ҷϼˣĭûͨ飬·ײײȥʮӣͻ׷ǡ
뵽ˣҶ̾һҲĭԸԸ⣬˫־𣬾һ˦˱ϡ
㡭ŪˡҲ֪ϧˡĭҶϱǴ
Ҷҧҧ촽ʲôʱˣǸ˲Ű
ιں˵ô겻ˡĭҶһǰܣҲǼʵ
Ҳѡһõطòãܲӳȥ⣬㾹Ȼ˼Щ⣡ҶϺŴûĻص
ⲻ㱳Ҵڱģ졭ĭص
ҶϷ˰ۣЦáðɣͶ


46 ڼС
ľͷˣһĬжûУĭ˵ȣС졣
ˣͷˣ㻹ĬҶϹҡҡ壺ٳﲻˡ
Լߣ㱳ҵĺòãĭص
ˣ˰ɣк򣬲㾢·
ҶϱԺ͹ʹ׷ٶȵȻڿĶࡣֻĭǾֻܴˡ
ҲûһôģڰУһȺ׷˺ܾãûмҶϵ˵Ӱӡ
⵹øһ·׷ȥ׷ҶڵĴӸɫ峿ڲص£ͻᱻɱ
Ҷ϶ڹߵĴ£˺ɽںɽԵˣܲգ͵˷غɽˡ
ˣҶնˡ
ĸǾ죬һʲôĭҲ
ǰ;ҶͻȻԼ֮Ĳ಻һĴѧʱʵЩ֪ߵغˣĭһֱûдӦҲӦõģѧûвĻ֮Ĳ಻һĴˡ
ĭҶϲ˵ʵǷˮʦˣ
ҶϿЦͲ˵ְҵж⣬ʵҲ̸ϴʦԶƤë˵ھҵ񣡡
Ӧ˵ְҵߣҿֱǿˣҲ̫ǫˡĭЦŻص
ҲǶˣҶϾ̸ûеôˡ
ĭҶֲ˵ˣʵڽûУ
һʳ˶˵£е䳡ˡ
Ҷϰ̾һĿⲻɨգȵƯˣһ˫ˮ۾Բϻ˵ױƯ֮⣬һݳ졣
ûУ˭ԸңҶЦ
ǽȥģĭ̸ȽΣתƻ⡣
ӳˣǸȥأмҲܹ顣
ȥҰɣ㡣ĭ
Ҷ룬ؼҵǱϰȫĶ࣬ͻȥ͵͵ش̽һϢɣ
˶СʱڵڣĿôʱ࣬쿴ȥ͵ڣʵȵֲ죬Сëǲˡ
ĭߵԱߣŹã̾һְ־ߵģ
Ҷ׿Լĭļ򣺡ĭȥˣҪúõĻȥǶõĻ
һҪ𣡡ĭĻص
ҶȫᣬǵͥģΪ˸ױֱˡ
ڴʱԶһ˵ĺҶϣҶϡ
ҶϾϤæ̧ͷԶϤӰӡ
ҶЦˣӣǰ˪ҶڴʱǣǼ
ǡĭҶЦĺܿģʵ
س׽ӵܣǣǾͶһʤ㣡Ҷϻص
ĭЦˣаˣܲô
һҶϵǰ˪ɨһĭۣƯŮŮѣ
ֲüǲˣ绰ػˣԭǡɫѡӲҶϻػڿҶˡ
ǸҶεЦЦ˵ʱҶ˳ɨһĭ˺ܲڵƿĿ⡣
ҶϲϾȥתƻ⣺ôˣѵѣ
Ӻ˪Ľ⣬ԭǱųˣϴι֮£ؼүʶһ⣬ǵѾ˻ѪӤǰԱûˡ
ԣǾͱųˣ˪ЦЩҵ
Ǵûǣ֪ȥģˣүү˵ũࡣӽ͵
ǵǴӣ˵аʿˣ⵹һ£Ҫȥɽأ˪Цˡ
ҶϿЦľ˴µĽһ顣
۾аʿô˪ʵ
ܸıɫ˵ܲôҶϷʵ
ţܽһ仰
ӣҼǵ֮һԼأҶͻȻӵĴġ
ǴڽңΪԼϴԩҾ͸ˡӽƱ
аʱڲҶڴӦˡ
֤Ҿڹ˵ظ˵
ҶѼ棬ĭĭ޾ɵĸƨɺ棬ǽαŰһѣܲζ
Ȼشӣ˽㡣
ǣ˭õаʿĲ߻ľ֣Ÿոտʼ
Ҷ˿쵽ӵʱ򣬾һȦһʽС·ӡ
С·ƧҶСʱСһֵģһ㲻ô·߳ȥ͵ҶϼҷӺһСɽٴȥ͵ҶϼҺԺˡ
Ҷ˴߳Сɽﻹм׵ʱͬʱͣס˽Ų
ǰԶ׮ϣһλŮʱҶϵˣ˷ܵ߿񱼶
أԴҶϱߣһֱ֪ҶϻһֵС
ҶЩжضԱĭõĶ࣬ĸ࣬һ̣УĭͯеĹϧӣؾǸֻӵĴãȻñȹҪʵڵĶࡣ
Ҷϲ֪ǲǰȴ֪ԼݣԼʲôӣǹӡ
رҶǰ˪˱ΪһӵȻʧˣشͷϸҶϣȷûܵ˺˵ϸ磬һ˰ɣȥȻ͵
˵꣬תҴ뿪ûע⵽ҶˣԻȵأ
ߺɫ죬ƲƲ죬ַһۣͶ˪˪ͷ۾ˮ峺͸
ڿĭˣȴЦĺܲá
󲻵ò˵ҶϣĿ˸ʧԼߣתЦھӼҵСãͦģСʱһ𳤴󣡡
˭Ͱû˵ʲôʶͶĭ
˪һЦڼСã
Ҷ֪ǵ˼ͬҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪͣѵԼ;ôʲô
׿ҶЦ߰ɣǰҼҡ
ĬĬҶϼȥǽԺ֮ȴˣһŴ棬鼫Ϊѿ
˻صߣҿ԰㣡һصĺ󷽴
תһ˫ڶ
ʦô㣿ؾȵ
Ѿħˣ㿴һŮɽ߳ŮˣôƯ𣿡аʿ˳

꾫ƻˣٲܿͻаħаʿ֮УͶһŲɵϡ


47 
Ҷ˻صУӺŽӡһţҶϱǰһӴɨĺܸɾ࣬ɾǸϴľӲķ
벻ôɾ˪̾
иڼСôĭԴʵ˵
ϸ磬ҪԴˣ˵
ˣҳʲôףĭ˵ţ˱ѣ˼˯һۣ
㲻˯һôҲû˯ӶҶϹһЦ˵
ҶϻеۣоֻһŴܲܺĭͬɣ
ľͷˣҪ˯˯ԱǶⴲСҲʲôǷ֮룡ĭ˵ţת˯ˡ
Ҷвɵһ֣ͬԼͬˣ룬ȴҲûʲôʲôˣеˣһ˯ˡ
˪ȴûôĸⲻһսҪ֮ǰһٵŻ׷
Ȼ׽ɷѣɷķģûķұаƷһûһͨ
ճٵСʱϣҪЪϢһֱ
Ӻ˪׼Ʒ͵ԺȥˡҶҲȷˣڴϾ˯ˡ
˵ǽжڲǸǽжһ˫۾˫۾ҶڴϣһƯŮһ𣬾ת뿪ˡ
ʮ࣬ˣҶϱѣӺ˪ƷûлˣԼȥš
ſˣ̧һˡ
ҶϼæлŮˣ
ϸ磬㲻ܳȥֻһ棬ǺҵҼҳ԰ɣر鼫ڵɨһ˯ʵĭ
Ҷ룬ȴҲʵô˼ȥ̧أҶϽ˪кʱĭҲˡҶϵİţ͸ȥҳԷˡ
Ҷϼ죬̧룬Ӿͳˡһȼ£ھͽˡ
ǣȥ۾ое㻨ģģһ
أʶЩģˣʶȫģ֮ǰԼԼƿŽˣžʲô֪ˡ
Ҷһ۾ʱ˫۾
ҶһĭأӺ˪һ
ˣͬʵ
ҶϾԴЩΣ벻ʲô£ʵôˣ
εˣĭص
ǰعûУͿڵϡ˪ص
ҶһӣǼǲʶģһ̷ʲôˣ
ԽԽͷʹʱѾˣ̫бˣһ˯Сʱ
ھֻһСʱˣҶҲûʱεˡ
˪Ѿ˾ʮŷˣõķɷһҶϽɴ
ȻһпޣڷϵϴѪͻɴͨһΡ˪ͯʿķϵϴѪͺͯĩڵĸĴһˡ
ʿĵвͬķͨȫͬɷԽԽߡ
ҶŽɷҧָһһŵĵѪ
ĭҶһٶ̫һҧԼָҧˣҰ㣡
Ҷϵһĭ治֪˵ʲôãУ㲻͹ԹԵĿţҪæĻ˪Ͷˡ
ĭҶбߵӣæ˪в㶼ҧָˣָҧô
˪æſĭߴ䣬ĭɫˣӺӳȥˣ
ϸ磬ͦ˼ĭҴȥıӰ˵
Ҷ˵ʲôأ˷۾
дƳɣҶվͻȻЩ
Ϣһܾܲʡ
֮ǰǳɣҶϢ˼ӣ
ӦǰͻȻ˵Ұɣ
Ҷ̷ˣȥ档
ˣһǧѷĻᣬаʿݣ㡣
ʵֻҪֻаǲϴҶϵԩҲνˡΪ֮뿪ӡ
غܲԸȴûкҶۣĬĬص˵ͷ
˳ˣΪ˲ʹͻҶ˻ǴС·ȥСʱɫ谵˳ڡ
ҶϣӺ˪æŲ˰ڵҶϵĴѪ
ĭʹвҪˣܻһĻᡭҶ϶ĭ˵
Ҫһ𶷹ĭĻص
Ҷ椾ǲǾ죬ѵ¹ɣ
ʹʱǧͻȻỤ̃Ũ̳֮Ҷ߹
Ҷüͷ벻ɫպĹˣҴʬ
СģĹˣʬסҶϺȵ
ĭ˵ô£ˣȴæץסҶϡ
Ҷһ󣺡ʩ
ǣʬɢٶ̫ˣ̼佫ǰСҶϺɣ֣𣬵ȼ
̫Ͼ֮նħڣһӣʬ
Ҷһĭͣһֻץ½ǣȷºҶٿܣˣӺ˪ˡ
ģҶϳһź˵֣һӾȻû˻Ӧ
Ҷҧҧ촽뵽һۣ
ۺ͹Ȼֻһ֮ǹЧȴȻͬǰס۾һߵĳŶҶ϶˿Ӻ˪һ
˲þĶ٣£˲þڶ´һ˵ˤ
ƽ⣬֣һǷҪʩͯĩڵУڶ־ͼˣƽۣǽ࣬Ǵжǰ
ô죿ĭĶţʩ
ҶƵˣǸУᱻˣ
ľͷˣ˵ѽ㲻Ҳ˰ɣĭҶϡ
ҵĵвҶϻص
ǡ㲻Ǵ˵ĭˣҧ촽˵Щ
ôҶϵһĭ
ҡҲῴһ衭ĭص
ҶҲȥˣھҪ˪¾սǲģӾ˵ˣӺ˪һۣҲˣǷֿˣ밡
Ǻ͵ͳǰˡ
ĭˮɬ˼ץҶϵҲſˡ
ĭԶҶϼæ
⻰˵꣬ȴûĭĻػ
Ҷò룬ͷһһɫӰһ֮£ŨӱӰӦþˡ
ȻĿȴûĭʧˡ
ҶǿѹסеľţǰʬûʧȴԽԽŨҹҲûƽ⡣˪ûг֣


48 
ҶԻˣѵǹۣƽ֮ȻϣͺһЩβһЧѡ
ҶϾʱʬٴγƸͣҶϻ˵һ磬ͺĿǰʬ൱Ҷϳʿż뵽ܻа󣬵Ǻܵģ䴦оѪֱǽĲ
ȻԼѾһȥˡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦһгĵҪɢʬ
˭֪ȼʬûɢӷ
ҶͻȻһ⣬һδȻûжͨ˵һѷģӺһȼʵ൱˵Ч
ѽһ˲䣬󷢳֨֨
ҶٴȡһѷȥˣֻЧ΢΢ֻ΢΢ͣ˼ӣøˡ
Ҷҧҧ촽ȷǷˣ󶼳ˡ
ĿͨҶٴοͨĿȻƳۣȴܿණ
ͨĿˣ˷ŸֹߣΪ࣬ǲֱӿ󷨣ȴøֹǿ
ҶϳһһδһѷһȦԷͨԼⱻʬ壬ʬ
Ŀ䣬ӰȡһƿɱͳЩĹȥ
ƿеľɱһ˲ڹϡ
һͣеĻ˴Ȼǹֽſʼһ
ҶϳɵˣѵԼ߳ڼ飬ͯ򶼵ˣ
һˣŨҵʬ
ҶҧʳָȻͯ򶼳ˣԼѪܲҲ˰ɣ
ʱһֻѾɱˣŶͷ­һָͷ
ڿͣһ룬ȴȻſ죬ֱͷ­
Ҷˣǻֱۡ
ҶվȽŸһžһűаһȥ
ţ˫ֺʮͳһȼҪԷ͹ˣԴӳΪʿƾ贿̸֮ӹһδڴЧˡ
ʼ࣬ˣǨţһ档ף뵱仯Ѹźٷڱ¬ɷ㣬Ҷ䡣
νף巽֮ΪԪʼǽ١
ȼҶĿ棬źҹգȻʬֵڣͻȻ⡣
ҶɢֻɱĶ飬ݡ
ͻȻվ׾һָգۣ໥ײһһ֮Ҷָָķ
䡫
һ죬׺ʬϣŨŨʬһɢգ٣ʱҪĶࡣ
һ䣬Ĵð̣ƣһ˶ֻ顣
ͻȻȻҶͻȻֹʧˣΪԶ˪
ϸ磬Ӳˣףĭأ˪󲽳嵽Ҷϵǰ
ҶɨһԶ֣￴ӣĭӣҶָԶ׷ң
˪ģҪԼҶȥӺĭ
ȥҲҶΪ˴˪뷨仰˵ն
Ҳʱˣһ·Ʈǧ֮⣬ͷҶϡ
Ҷָһת׾׼
䣬һϣȴˡ
Ҷϰ̾Լַǲ죬ڿһ룬ܱ׿ˡ
ĿͶԶɱˣǼ߶䣬͹ˡ
˪ıӰһ˿ӵЦݣ΢΢һҪ˵ʲôȴû˵ת̤ӯĲӺĭʧӱȥˡ
Ȼʹֻϧķһֻܴ߶Σ˵һ߶ɹҲһҵģͯڵʿ⵽ܾ
ҶҲԼĻޣһûô˷ѣǺܲó͹ˡ
һƺ֤һĴ֮ˡ
ΪʲôأûкŮܽӴѵĭͬ˯ʧȥ˴û˵
ʵ벻ͨ⣬ͨ½ͨⲻ˹ۣѪ˹ʧȥͯʲô
дɱҶ׿ʣһɱСĵУŲ˶ãһһҰǶ࣬Ҹǰͺ̵ΰҶϱֵֻֻʹá
һӣҶϷһ⣬񶷵Ķ飬ȻΪһΰ󣬲սɳΰһȽϽƻ͵Ŵһˣ׽Բһ
Ĳǵ顣
Ϊ֤ԼĲ²⣬ƴ˷ץһֻ
ֻ֣ͷһŷһƣֻ۵һ죬ðһ̡
ҶһΣ³һɫӣһ೤ȫ˺ɫë
¶Ȼ֮ɫһŲ˳ӣͬʱֻͷһ־ֻȫɫǵʧˡ
ţֺЩˣֻҲûĺȥˣ˪˻ûлҲ֪Σ
¶չɱһˣˡ
׷ҸϣγһҶһٶףͻȻͷ׾䣬ں¡¡У˸׷ĳĻҷʮа˾ûӹĶˡ
һǴģҵĶ顣ʣΪļֻҲˡ
ˣˣҶϺѶԸļһﻹûг֡
ȻԶĿݲݴУһֻŮ
Ҷ΢΢һЦĵһɫѾˡ
̤˷֮λ䣺ʸ߻ңңʺͶңϱȫʲӹܻ̫꣬ǣػţŮˣԣ
䣬̫ϻܴ̫ϻʵû뵽ʲô飬ֻԼԼ̫ɷֻԸֹ޾ûжˡ
䣬򣬽ɹ˿ء򵥵˵һͷϵķ
䣬ҶͻȻԼһˣԼʶȴƲסԼж
ŮɱҶԼǰȥˣһͺɱһһֻӣҶʶƵʱٶȸ죬ԶϷ֮⣬ͺͷһ㡣
ֲУҶϾͷŮѾˣָе㲻˼顣ͻȻСëһλСκˣã»һЩ֪Ļ
֣ͬһ㣬ֻҶʶʵ൱취ʤϣһսܣ϶Ҷ֮زز
ʱӦһλδ¶ɫ


49 ׶
ҶһϵķѾõĲˣˣһûãǸװİǸ׽ʱ򣬿ǳ˴
̫أҲûл谵ĵƹ⣬ڸղѾƽİУյչƣԵչƣȲܺԵİأ
뵽ˣԼͱͨűչơ
Ҷһ죬ѵʲôе֪
ʵ֤ȻˣԼĿ£ܿյչơ
չڼͬʱرˡ
ʱٴɱҶϵ֧ͨ£յչƣͷܡ
ǰɣҲܵʱҶϵʶ֣ΪԼ뷨ڿûȫ֪
һͻȻתһҶϴδ־־ô棬һһ̽ӣһ٣æˣڿ˼ƯĺֻȴʵӶܵķʽк֣ܶӦѡһͽģóֱӷɶܣҶôֱѵʹǰٶȻıϾ
ԣñҶϸ磬˧ӶܣȴĻᡣ
ҶΪӱȡҶֱʱ򣬲֪ɵ
õᣬĻᣬ죬°󣬶Ӷܡ
ˣҶ͵Ϯóѣ˵жˣмȵķŭޣɱҶһȻѽͷ֮ݡһμҶϣΪ͵ͬʱûǰһϣҶͯΪٵõɽͷ룬ԽԽԶˡ
Ϊһޣͷһ᳤˼𣬾˻Ͷ̥Ĺһֻء
ҪȥҪϵΪܻĸá
Ȼǹ޵뷨󲿷ˣʮԺ󣬾ԼȥҲһʱ䳤ˣͶ̥
޾֮ˣΪͶ̥ǰ޳ϧһдۡΪ˵õ֮غɽϧһдҪɽͷ졣
ҶˣǴæ׷ҶһѾǰ롣
޻ʧȥǣ˵Ļǣкγأ
һıһҶϣȴ֪ԼѾ˰
ƵҶȥյչƣ࣬յչƸλʽ
һ̣ҶϺǼѾĹˣȫ󷨣мһԺǿչƣͬС̫ĿǰĹ죬죬ڱϣգǱе㻬Ц
ֻǣչƹλ֮Ц󷨣Ȼɹˡ
ϣǡ˳Ӧ˰Աԡ
ǰײһͻȻֵǽϣďˣλãֵܡ
Ŵչƣ뿪Ҷϵ塣
ҶϾԼͻȻÿ㣬ڹͻȻ³һо
Ҷ֪ѾˣæԼ壬յͬʱâϣȫð̣æûչƵĵطӴܡ
Ҷ˫ֿյƵķӵȼ档
һȫð̣彥ɢˡ
ڴʱһλСӱ˰ҪֻˣѾҷˡ
ҶϼλкһͻȻһЩ£λӲǾƼҵλСΪߣ¾λСɣ
ɴˣ²³аʿΪҪԭ
СѾ޾ȣתԶҹɫɱȥ
Ҷϱ׷ģһ֮󣬾׷аʿҲóˡ
ȻҶϸһվڵϣܳ˺ܶˣȫжˡ
ҶϰвãаʿԻ˴ץˡ
ȻҲûжʴӵˣʹ֣ԸѡܣӴ뿪ӣԺҲҪˡ
뵽ˣҶϹ۲ܻҪҳشߡ
ڴʱаʿˣĭ˪ˡ
Ҷϣͬ꾫ѾǲٸӣǾͻǣаʿ˵
ҶĿ棬ˣǶаʱĿͣһ
Ҷסˣô죿ܴаʿпˣĭ˪˱ɡ
ʲôˣаʿȻƼйأĴӳ⣬ҲǴΪ֮
Ҷֻԥһӣаʿָĭɱ
ҶͻȻȥվаʿǰ
ٿһҾɱ
˵ţаʿһֻޣʮ룬ÿ룬еĶǲ޵
׶ޣҶϾȵ
׶ޣֻĴȻڱҳһλмߵаʿУġ
ⷨéɽнֻἰһ£ûĽͣűд֪Ĳࡣһд㹻Ҷĺˡ
éɽԻ׶ޣȡ˾Ѫڲ֮ϣ̲ɿ
ҶϿɬЦˣͲ³аʿ֣Ⱥ֮УֵַģĹǱʩ˷Ŀܣȴ뵽аʿߵ˶֡
ҶγԱȵģȴаʿһ˿ЦЦա
ԭλ۾аʿسǵаʿ
ҶϻسסԺ˾ĵسڴׯʱҶϣĲ߻֡
˵м뵽ˎ񣨱һƽ飩ӎõҶϼȫϡ
ҶϺڶ˽赶ɱˣСȥȺ֡
ɱҶϣȻ֣Ҫ鷳
Ҷϵʵһ㣬УһһΪʤһ˰֡
ϸ磬ѾаˣôʦаɣشȺ˳
صһ̣ҶԴͻȻһӰӣǸӰӾһҹࡣ
һͻȻ֣ҶˣΪʲô֮ˡ
Ҷ룬аʿ֪аɱҶ̫ˣǴУаĶ
ҶϵĺԺаʿҵ˻᣺أ꾫ĶֻͯҪͯ꾫ͶûȤˣʱֻҪʩɢϵӹһ٣
ʼôҲţ͵͵ҶĺһŮ˯һ𣬾Ϊ棬ȥʦ˵ûȾɣ
ʦҩôɷѿġذаʿ˳ƳҶϵĴ
Ů㱻ƭˣҶ֪ʲôھΣ˼һƻŮΪ˾һζˡ
ϸ磬ΪʲôԹ޻ڣֻҪܰѺ꾫ؼĻص
⻰˵꣬ͻȻȫһڵϻˡ


50 Ǯʹĥƹ
ôһУصµһ̣Ҷע⵽׶ޱаʿһ룬æء
סħԷˣҪˣаʿһ£ĴǰΧģѾ̧ȥˡ
Ҷϵаʿˣ׶޿Ƶأĭǡ
ǣǱƭˣаħͨ˶ٴˡܲܺҳүүںŮذɣҶϳϿҵͣϣ
ǵҶǰû˹һˣַǳãȴ֣ԥˡ
ʹʱһСһȺгֱҶϡ
ҶһǹС֣С̫죬ٶȸǾˣӡ
Ҷ뵽ˣһתСһš
ۡСŹȥˡ
ʱŭ˵ˣںħԷСŹ㡭ϣҺӣǸͿġ
ҶסˣϸһϲҺǹСǴҵĺӣõĲǽһʳƷϴҶϻ⺢Ӿû棬֪Ǵ˵˼һģúӹģôΪʲô
ҶϾţӣһŵԼδܵˣοС
ʹʱһӴУŭ󣬺֪ҶϾȫʹϡﻩıڲϵϣҶǳͷʲôĴһ
ҶϼæԼԴֻҪллˡ
ȻʹʱҶϴ˵ĺӣעʱ򣬱仯ˣȻһ仯Ÿ塣
Ǵһᣬһλֹ˴ҡٴʹˣаˣͽʿɡ
סˣҶȴܸоΣ١ŲŲѪܵ壬̧ͷһվźöѪӤ弸ֻҲûЩѪӤͬʱˣײҶϵ壬Ҷ塣
ոĻǷǳģҶϵĻǾԼһ綼ֿˣ΢ķ磬йηĿܡ
ʱǲſɱģǾѪӤʱɱ
ҶϳһӶǴˣǻŹ
æȡһ裬һȥͬʱԼ壬˳ŷܣһ·
˰ңѪӤѾΧסҶϣҶϲòͣ½ŲһĨˣѵҪˣĻǶ¡
ֻǣʹʱЧˣͻȻȫǿˣǡһ󼲷磬ȻһҲо紵ǣҪ߻ߴɢĸоˡ
ҶϿһͷܣعģڻ͵һΣȥεһȦϤһ»ΪһʿҪȥעʿ֤ģ⵹һᣬõʿ֤ɳˡ
һ·ѪӤ׷ܿǰһԼԼƣͷվ˺ܳĶӡ
κţҶüͷ΢壬ѵͶ̥ĶŶˣ
ѪӤҶ˹ӣںһֱҶϣҲ顣
ҶԱһλϹʣ壬ǼȥͶ̥
Ͷ̥ôףȥ䱨Ųκţţͽˡ߽͵
ôͶ̥ôͶҶһԼͰͶ̥ˣ͸ˣء
ҪȥҺţ˾ס䣬ȴ֪ͨͶ̥˿ϻأϼƻʴڳʣȴͶ̥Ķȥˣǰ˴Ҫʮ˲ǾͲüˡ߼͵
ҶЦЦ䣬ÿ˶ճͬ벻ͬĿռ䣬Ҳһ̻һŶӣ䣬Ͳ֪˴ڵĵطˡ
Ҷϸ̵ʱƮĿռУ߳λĿ䣬齩Ӳûһϲŭֹϡ
Ͷ̥лߣ˵лҪʮҡ߼ԼԶͺҶ߶ˡ
Ǯʵڱֵ̫ˣõ˿ӺҶƲƲ죬Ӧһ
˭ҶϣλվӴĹȺʵ
Ҷüôôйӭˣ
ʣҶǰǣʲô£
߰ɣһ
ȥģڱҶϻص
Ѿ㴦ˣ߰ɣе㲻ͷ˵
ôõĴ˲òĴǡ
߰ɣһλͷ˵
ҶϳէȻ˹ֻܵͷӦŹˡ
ֱҶϱˣѪӤĵ뿪ӣʧҹɫ֮ˡ
Źһ·һ·ڱΣĻشڿ⣬⿴ڡ
شǰǧСÿСͨԶ
ͷһҶϣҶԻͣ½Ų˵ߴ·
Ҷľګĵ˵ͷԽԽòԾЩ˵ĸܣҪʲôˣ岻
ǴȥģҶбҪôⲻɣ
ҺͶ̥شļĶࡣ
ûҪȥͶ̥ҶεƲƲ졣
̧٣ִй׵Ĳࡣص
ҶЩͷˣˣĴ͵ЦһˣȻȴôҲЦ
Ҷ룬ӱóһһֵңڵϣ̶˵ˣ˭Ǯˡ
Ǯ֣ͬʱתЩܵʵģ
Ҷָָϵң˫ַϡ
λ¶Цݣ˴˶һ˵İɣ
һֻЦöʧֵܸ룡
˵㿪ʼǮˣǳһǮ̬һӺˣЦǺǵҶϣһλʵҶϣһʰĺùʲôҪᾡ㡣
ҶЦˣǮʹĥڿ仰Ǯʹĥƹ
ǺǣôչСܣСӦТǲǣҶչϼϡ
Ҷϵܣִйٵ˼Ӧúִйݣʶִйٰɣһλ
ҶҡҡͷԼûִйʲôݣȻⱲӸǸ˻߹ٶˡ
ǾʲôˣǸһִййϵ˵ЩѾһСǣСƾɵĳ棬ҶСʱļƾɡ
Ҷϵܣǰǹ֣ҺŴˣȥҺŰɣܸܲͿ컯ˡ˵
Ҷ۾ˣ̫ˣ̫ͬ͹˵ˣ۾ϼһʵ̫ˣӤѪҲ׷ǽƽ䡣һ̤µľ֣һ
ҺŴˣǽȥɣ˵


51 
ҶϴʱӶܣһ·ѾֳΪλ꣬پһ֧һ֧Ѳ߹
ڵȵͶ̥˵ĻᣬҲҪˡʹʱһλ󺺴ӹ˳
ҶֱǶķ̡Ͷ̥ǶôĲףԣǶôĲ̡
Ҷȭͷа¾ģϧһдۣҲҪ
ҶͨЩ롣
Ͷ̥ҺŴԱ࣬ǼǹҺԱֻˣͶ̥֪ͨͶ̥ԱҲ˶ѡ
ҶϴѾˣڰͶ̥ĵطȥС˼䣬ǰҶ˵Сϵܣףˣ
Ҷϵ˵ͷҺŴҺŴֻ죬ҶС˵¹Һš
ֻͷҲأ죬ҶмΪ죬ðɣҪǮôҶã˪Ļװ˲١ʼװûȼյңռطЯ䣬Ŭȼպҡ
ץһѣӹֱ̨Ӷ˽ȥιҪǳ٣
ֻǮۿЦݣʲô֣Ϊ£
ҲҺͶ̥븴ҶϳɤӺ
͡
˻һͶ̥ǱߣҲ÷ǳ죬ǿ
˾ˣǼǵĶͶ̥ģǸģڽĹû˸˵⻰ô򵥣йˣõͶ̥ô
⻰ĲǴ˴ĹԱвļֻΪҪǣ˴˴ĳ١
ٶҶϣͷţӽŵͷ֪˶ٴΣҶϣȷǸģ
Ҷϵ˵ͷʮʱ䣬Ȼȳ˳ٵôһ仰Щʧ
ǿ󣿡ʵ
ҪֻҪܸ֤ٱڸǿ󣬶һӳʮϵĹ٣Ҷֱ׳ն
ЦұǿţǺǡ֮˵ٵѾ˼㡣
Ҷڴó裬һٵЦķڳٵǰ
һҩϸ鿴ԽЦԽŨŤˡ
³֮ͬһҶϼʱ죬׳չջ
ҶҿˣʵδֻѾˣûлȥĵɣҸѡһ缶ĸ̹Ӹ磬Σλٲ˻£㲻þͻҷ
ĲܻҶ϶λʵ
ѰԴ䣬ץУδû˻ķʽкܶ࣬ǽٻص
ȻˣʱҲͶ̥˵䣬Ҷ϶˵ҩС⹻ңˡ
˵꣬Ҷת뿪û߼پ׷ˣҶлú˵ȲҪ뿪
Ҷϲûʲô⣬ʵ˻̹ȥ䣬ҲٵͲ׳ˣǮǮ׳ȥɱһ
Ǯ˵ʱǮû˲Ǯʱ籦ʯǮ󣬶ҿԻǮ⡣
½Ҷ˹ҺŴҶҴӦˣִйﲻð죿
ִй൱ְֹڱڰãִйٵͬһСʵۡ
Ҫ⣬㾡ܿڣҶϴʱѾᵽжôˣҵҲҪͨЩãԼ
Ǻǡжٶңȥ㣬Ǯƣú棬Űɣÿһؿٻص
ҶÿһʣµĶ˳١
ȫҩ٣ҶⱦԼģ
ҶϲƭˣƭģʱֻôˣܸҪʱʱã
⻰ٸˣҶæﶨˣҲ˵ֱ䶼ˣȻнɽɽҲ򲻵ⶫ
ҽд껣ﶼҴߴҽˣ֡
ҶϿЦ˵ĵǺһα˵˲ǽ껿ϵҲҶϣǵҩбһѴ껣Ϊ˸Ǳģ֣ա
͹ףһǷĵģǾǳ⣬⾳ǽ̸׵Ĺ¼һһЭ飬⾳ΥԼһԣҶЩҩô㣬Ҫʱ򣬾ô껽⾳򿪾ˡ
ô̸ˣҶϱڹƴĿͷϢˣ껾æˣΪ˵õҩʼĴ߶ˡ
һλ˼ǳܵĹصĹˮˡ
ȥݷִй٣ٵӦ³֮
ִйֻһ仰Ҷϱٽ㰲Ͷ̥ˣûͶ̥ôˣ뱾ûйϵ
õִйٵĬ¾ǳһˣ˺ܶصλԼְλߵֱһٵԼƽģ裬ԼְλСֵĵλһ裬ʣһЩСÿ˵һ
ڵڶ죬ҶϾ͵õմ𰸣вͨҴ˼ܣ꣬Լģʣٵһ
ֽ֧֮ڣҶǷʮٵ
ߴΪҵ£˲ģʣµ㣬ˣҶ֪ԼܸǷһʹ뱲ӳľծΪ˸Ҳֻܻȥˡ
ߴҲûпֱ˵ҩͱĥƤӣּۻۣǵõһôôǰŻһˡ
Ϊ˻ɹߴⰲλ׽ҶȥѰԼ塣
йиŵϣҶ˳뿪䣬ֱ뿪ʱ򣬲֪·жôҶܽһ仰;ѣ죡
ʱļ尾ѩɽݵأɽԽ룬ͺ͵ĺһѣڵҪؾΨһסҶʱ򿴹С˵ٵĽѣڷе٣
Ϊ˸õıսףҶԼһ裬һٵĴԼգʱܷܵЧ
һֻȥѰˣʱ߾ֻһֻˡ
̤뵽ǣǾܳǣҶظ˴ߴĶ
˴ԼһСʱʱ䣬ҵˣҶѾѾȥĹˣ
Ѷû°ɣҶʵ
ֻһӺһŮҵȴĻɷ󷢲㽫ˣص
Ҷϵ˵ͷվԼȫƲļ̌ͷ
յ㣬̫һ㶫䣬ǡô򶫣ڴ
ҪͨҪڣУһ·򶫣ڶڣ


52 
Ҷ̧ͷ˵ǵ·ʵͽʱĻ֮޼ۿȥޣƮ졣һơ
Ҷһһ⼸죬Ѿϰ˷ˡֻӯһƬë죬̶Ŷڷɶȥ

ʦ˸ҲʱڹƴУ껾һλߣǼ׬ߵǮ߶ˡ
껣Ϊʦִй˶ʮʦүˣΪΪʦǽҵԳô˵ţ΢΢¶һ˿ЦݣϣҶܶףԺٵˡ
ʦδйųȥҾҶϱɣ껺ܿ϶Ļص
δأδأǸǻǻ㲻Ļص
ѵʦ˼ҡ껾ȵ
й¶ߴ˴껵Ļ
ԭ˵ִй٣ؼλߣִйٵʦүִйṩһĲԡ
ԴģһִйѾյаʦĻ¸ڱԼаʦĻ¸ٵ߳ԶֹٱᲢˡ
ִйˣΪʲôаʦȻҶ븴һʵҲ̫ѣһҲ˷֡ںˣҲûˣӦаʦĲ֮ܲǰɣζǲɵģٵЩ
ִй٣ҵһơ߳ײˡ
ԲѣʵֻҪȡִйٵܴӹŹطҶϣ仹ڼȻѾӦаʦͶ̥һҶӲʱаʦ𣬾˵Ҷˣô򵥣
ֻǣκ˶ܴģǷҪãţ֪
ʵϹʱŵ󷨣һǽҶڵλãǽĽ洦ܷǽз϶Ϊ˽ֹ˼䣬ͱ
ҶϷ˰ңǰԽԽ۾ͱ۾ûʲôƾֱһ·򶫡
ٷһ·˻㣬ȻɫĿռ䣬ȴܿܵĿռ䣬Ҷãֻһִ˵ɣɫĿռϤʱ򣬾̤ɫĿռģҲ˵ɫĿռ䣬ܽˡ
ֻǣ뷨ȻܲʵɫĿռ䣬ոշʮңͷк¡¡󣬾վҷȥһϡ
Ҷϼæ̧ͷֻɫĿռ䣬ȻۿɼٶȱɫӶ߻ҰǴӻҰشġ
ҶϰһѺˣУͻҷ
ȻҶ̤ңˣɫУͻȻһ磬ٶȼ죬һ֮£ҶϷ
ҶӲͣºݺݵʹ֮ڿӼӶݵķյĽƲ࣬ٶȱֱӷɱ߳һҡ
ٶȣȻǺܱ̬ģ֮󣬷ƮƮģͱ˵ʱ˲ֹʮȻҶó壬ĹУʵȶﵽѭʹãܽͣͬʱԲķʽǰٶȱֱߺͿײҪٲҲֱֻŶģתʽԭġ
Ҷϸոڳʮף֮ǰĵطһֱ˿УɫĿռȼ档
ҶϺȻǺεÿռȼϣжֲˣοڲˣڵĹ
㵵ʱ򣬻ɫѾȫΧͷŹ֮һһ磬
ҶϺȻѧģ֪ٶȱö࣬ǰ̧ͷգ½Ųͣһֱ򶫷ȥÿÿ֣һǰ
ܿҵ˹ɣÿǰƵһΣÿζյӹȥ߷ٶȻˣЧȴ˴ԼСʱҶϿɫռյ㣬ˡ
ʮӣڵɫռľͷڿռסˣǰʲôڣ׵۶ɵĵ塣
һǹȥĵ򣬸ղŷĺ¡¡ԭǳģ֮ǰ׵磬£С׼ˡ
ҶɫˣǳڣһֻӬɲȥοǹأ
Ҷͣ˽ŲͷһԼ߹·ЩռѾƽˣɫҲָɫ
̾Ϣһʱأ᲻أ
ʹʱһӰشɫĿռˣҶϾˣԼ۾ⲻô
ֻӰû⵽ܿҶϵǰҶ죺ϸ磬ʱ䲻ˣߣ
˵꣬زҶʻһ̤˸ĿռС
һ̤ȥĻɱҶҲ˲⾿ôˣһԾС
ֵ³ˣӷɿ죬֮׵һɵķɹȥˡ
ֻؾͲˣһСģ׵Уһ첲ۿɼٶȽˡ
˭֪һҲۣ䣬Ȼһ첲
ŮҶϷɱȥ
زûлͷǰٶȱ֮ǰˣֻǣٶȣע׵磬ӶžؾȻԼײһȫʼڻֻĿɺܼᶨҶϿҪ׷һֳʮף֮ڻ̣ǷɻһðŨ̡
ҪҶʱ֪ˣԭ·ˣѵҲˣô֪Ҫ
Щ⣬Ҷʱ޷õˣҲûʱ˼ȥʮؾͱ˿ˡ
Ҷʹ˳̵׷ȫѾãأһץסһֻ֣ҪҪŮͣ
ػͷˣЦˣЦЦݣҶϸұ֤ⱲӼЦݣҳĴɣϸ磬ңǲġ䣬Ҳ֪ԼǶô޴Բ𡭡
˵ţʹץסҶϣǰʮಽֱֻʣһ첲һȻЦݣϸ磬ʮףͿԼˣҾˣ
Ҷץ壬۽Ѫ᣺һҪ뿪һ뿪
ʹʱһλŹϷװľ˳ҶһҶϣ߰ɣĲֵ
˵꣬һȥʣʮףӲͷƤȥˡ
ʱͻȻҶϵĸǰҶϵӣߣߡ
һߣҶץ壬ʹǰ塣Ӿһ磬ֻŹϷװĹбȥˡ
˰˲ҵʱҶͻȻͣ˽ŲΪԵĸоԼе岻ˡ


53 
ҶϾֵĻͷһЦݣһָָ֧ݺݵײҶһ£˵Ҳ֣һָͽҶײܲĿռ䡣
ҶϱײˣĿЦˣһ֫Ҳײ֮󣬻ʧ֮ˣ
ʱô̤ط˸Ŀռ䣬֮ǰȥֻװŮץסˣӣȥѾҷˡ
װŮ㣬ҶѾʧˣǶû£Ϊܻų׵ɢˡ
ҶϴڵϣŽʧ׵㣬иζ
ӣʲôˣװŮʵ
Ҷϰһ椣ʲôɣѾ˼꣬ÿ궼кܶ¹᲻ʰɡ
Ҷ⣬ֻ򵥵жϣװƺˣ
װҶûлػΪģ˵ʱδزһֽѣͬҷҲֻֻˡװŮҶϵļ
˭ҶϵһŮӡӺôӵļǲѵ㲻֪ʿô
ʱҶϾһֻ蹷˭ҧһڽŮȻʱ˵
ĹŮڻ֮ѾˣҲơŮһҲĵ˵
ãû㣬߰ɣҶ˵꣬һѾʧӰٵա
̾һѾˣҲˣõı𣬾Լȥ¸ҵʵҶ϶һᡣ
Ҷ׿Щ뷨ŴӷȥֻǷһ·װŮȻ˹
ιûôҶϻͷһŮ
Ҳ֪ڻ֮˶꣬ڶһ㲻ȥģŮص
ҲûбҪҰжԶ߶ԶҶԹûȤҶƲƲ졣
ڻ֮ģֻҪ˭ңҾҪ޸˭Ůص
Ҷȫһⶼʲô£ɨһŮ۳࣬زȻĭ΢ѷɫһ㣬ȴҲǧŮķϣĭܱȵġ
ңڲǸʱˣңҲҪԸȢ㰡ҶεĻص
㲻Ǻ㿪Цαôأҷģ˭ҳҾҪ˭꣬øұĻ᲻ǣŮǾˡ
㱨ѣҲܣӽǷ㲻ҲһΣǳƽˣˣҪٸңףҶĮ˵
ŮɬЦЦվԭҲû˵ʲôҶһԾƮƮطˡ
山ӵĹĹУӺ˪ѾڳҶϵ壬ʱû濾Ҷϵ塣
ţ˵ֻ˵ľǲģ濾ֻʬ帯õĸ죬ƭǣǲǡЩƣҶ϶Ѿˣһ˵鱾жֻǼأôʵأ
Уޣûйһеģ˭˵ûй˪ص
εƲƲ죬Ҳ׽ңֻǵһѾûˣѵУһ˵һƵЦһǺġ
ӣôôϻ̳ûУ˪һ߽𶪽ӣһ˵
ӲԸ˪ĻûѡأԴƽ˪йƣ˼ףӾһֱԼӶԴˡ
γ˵ɣһѾʿˣˣҲеҲ˵˪Ҫȥ׷ˡ
һ̳ã˪ǰţһ׼ǿʼɣ
˪վҶ£ѾָĲˣǵȼ㣬¯̶ȼյ͵ƣΰڷҶϵʬܡ
Щ˪ʼлˣ
Ҷڸ山·ϣͻȻٻϸһӵ
Ҷһů벻Ƽˮ꣬Ҳæ
ŶҶϴӦһ仰
ӦʱͻȻյƣҶлƣûյƣߴˣϴ
л֮ȻɲͬȴҲͬС죬л꣬Ҫ͵·ҶҽԺ˷
ҶյƷٷɽԼʮӣڿԼʬ壬ʱһѻԱߣΪȷҶϻϸܻϸĿʩĶˣȷûд£ŸҷɽԼʬ塣
ʬͻȻغһ
ӣ֣ڸʲô־ˣ˪ͣе־һӡ
ûдϢһֱںӻص
⻰һͬʱĿͶŵҶϣû
һҶͻȻ۾һ̣һæ˺󼸲թʬ
թͷˣ˪һеϲãȴԱ
Ҷ۾һ̣ʶЩģһȫ飬һµӣ˪һˣ
εЦЦЩҶߣ˪Цĺܿġ
Ҷ֮ĵһ£аʦȥ򣬽ĭΪλ
˵Ľ⣬Ҷ֪һ겻񣬾ͽҽԺҽԺɱˡҲаʦаǺɽֻһȺаʦսһǣаʦһλСˡ
ʵ˪Ҳаʦ̫ˣǹҲĶ֣ǹߴһٶŶ飬ӤѪȥ׷Ҷˣܱʤʵң
Ҷ֮󣬻һ⣺ĭأôûм
˪һ̶ۣ˵㣬ˡ
˾ҪԺ·ôˣҶϽԼҲ˶ˣֱͷˣǷծǲ˾Ҫʮ˲ó
ҶϺγأѾûѡˣزӵ£ѾΪȥˡ
βôٵͲ裬һ⣬صаʦйأʳȻˣǲϧһдۣҲҪ
ǻزˣôΪթʬڴһΣسǰɣҶ
سǺйǳģʮ裬ٵô죿˪ʵ
һٵһֻͣҲǰ˰ֻܴչȻֻʮ֮ͣҲһֻŰֻȥң˪ü
ɱɽǾֻôӻص
ɱȡͣԹĹǲΪϵģĲǵҩǶҩҶˡ
ڴʱҶϵĵ绰ˣ˼ģҶϽͨ˵绰ιþò
˵ϻˣˣׯ壬Ҫ죡˼˵꣬͹˵绰
ׯ壬һ绰ҶϾʱȥ
Ҷ룬һ¼ʹĻ


54 
ׯ壬ֺܴа쳯һķ緶ʵȻȫΪС硣ׯҲǷ˳ΧСһİڡ
ֻǾȥ֪꣬ɣѼһĺܿˣΪǵϾֵʲôģͽЩʯҿӡ
Ϊˣ˭֪һͿʼ˵һĲ֢߲ࡣ
سרҼƨûмҽѧǶȿЩ˶Щ˷˲ȴǲСžͲ׵ˡ
ȫ˸ڼģһ£鲻ûкתĸӶˡ
ʵҲԭ򣬳˴ׯֲᴫȾˣͽڲ֮䴫Ⱦ
ûˣҪȥɻ鲻һҪԷİľҲ̨ɣӦ£ȫһٶ˺ƺƵĻص˴ӡ
ֻһȥӱˣ̤ӵʱ򣬾;õ˵ϢҲҲլĸоˡ
ϵĲľˣ涼ˣҲͰˣʰׯʰգһʰʰˣֻҪɫſڴ̨ȥָĹׯȫ˹С
ˣҲסȥˣ˰ȥֻǰȥˣˣڴׯӵĿֲ˼ˣҲû˰ȥˣڴе
ǡǡʱ˼ȥ˴ׯ壬ԭׯƼҵıңϸ㣬ܶ˶еѪԵϵġ
˼һ˵ӷô飬ͻصȥˣӣ˵˴ׯѾһ壬ֻҪȥûгģ߸ȷһЩˣǴڴӣʲôʱһδ֪
˼۾ˣׯѾûʲôˣ˵ӷ£һʱͻȥˣҲǣ߸µľȡ
ʱ˼ˣҶϻ˭
Ҷһڴׯ壬һ̤ׯͳˣҲ˵ׯСɳڵС󱾾ͳڵûʲôģǱǳˣĶܼڵׯڣԤ뵽зľһĹ¡
һȻݻƵС󣬾̾ϸ磬˵ӵǲвôС󶼲ˣǳʲô
ûвȥ֪ˣҶϾ⣬Сһ֪
˪Զ̾һⲻһӣϸ磬ȷǴׯ壿
ȻȷСʱȥׯ壬ĿǰšׯȻҶϴӲһȴҲ벻̫ԶǵĻҪͬһ೵˼ҶϣҲԵɡ
ȵȣϸ磬ҾбҪ˼ٽȥ˪һȽϽŴӣܾⲻһͨլ෴լ
⻰ҶϼоɽеĴׯ壬һ⣬ҶϾЩ죬ʲôط
ĹֳҶϵԺУͻȻһôլĳֹĹвеҪﵽʲô̶Ȱ
ȴһȻӣˣҲ£ɱӣˮ֮С
ʦδӣѵԼô˪ӡ
ӼæͷĻص㲻˵ӺɷҪǿȨΣգֱǰô
⡭죬Ҳÿʱ˪ŭ
ӲˣҶϴ˵绰Щӵʵϸ磬ܿʱ
ҶƲƲ죬ʵ޷ش𣺡óԷʱԷùʱôʱ򣬸ɱʱɱ
Ҷ˵һԼҲ֪˵ʲô
Ϊ˵˼Ҷһ·Уٶȱ֮ǰöˡ
Լʮ֮˼űˣһƼڹ¼У˼˴󹦣ڽǶֶŮı
СųҶϼ˼ʹȤ
ˣĽҲ٣־͹㲻ˣ˼ص
˼кϳҶϾܾˣ³˵˵ׯ徿ʲô£
˼ü򿪺ţҲϳ˵̫ˣ
Ҷϳ֮ŷ˼ŶȹȻ̫䣬ҲǴЩεʱˡ
˼ܵҶϵĿ⣬æϵĶȹʱûд·Ѿزȥˣǽһλʦġ
زˣʲôҶʵ
ģ˼ϸķ˴ٵ
ҾðɣǻǲȥĺãӲȶ˵ȷˡ
ǺǺǡ˪ôҶʵ
Ȼֵ£Ǿͽȥ߰ɣǳģҲһλᣬ˶Ĵӣһ۱裬ռ;ںòˡ
Ҷϵ˵ͷʵд뷨뻢Ѩɵûӣ׽ΣԣĿǰΪҪǹͺ͵С
̸֮˼ҪҶȴͻȻԶһô󷽣һ˫۾ڶ
ȵȣǱˣȥҶ˵ţһԾ³ӣŴȥˡ
ҶϼܵԱߣȴִӰûС
üһ˫۾ԺС׷˹Ļ˵ڳ׼ʱڶֵģ֮ѹӰûУ˵ϸ磬㲻Ǵļ˰ɣ
Ҷ̾һܾòԼۻˣȴҲ֤ݣֻεĻص˳ϡ
һЦŴׯ建нһ·Ҷɨһ۵󷽾Ȼ˸ųӿ񱼡
ǰţԴ˿ˣӰûСٿûˣ
Ҷβûиˣȷۻˣһο⣬ڶγ֣۾⡣
Ҷ̧ͷһϦµϦڴϣһζôҲܲĴڡ
˽ӽСʱʵ·Զɽ·УҶҪ˼ӿٶȣοֵĶѾЩëˡ
γʻ˴ׯ壬кֻܰżһλҴҶ·ˣÿÿĴŶţǾʱʱľڴǡ
ƼլûȫǨӶ˴еλ񿴹ܣڿȥЩ¾ɣȴǺܲɣ
Ҷ˳̧ͷһԽԽкƽ
ߵſʱƼҴͻȻһ紵һ֨˴ˣӭһ
˼ӣȷǷ򴵿ţЦ˵ҸɣҾԺгģ
˪оյĲԣҶϵ˵ͷӵļ򣺡ӣ߰
Ӧŵ˽˼Ժ
Ҷͣ½ŲͻȻתһλŹȣһȳһյкǣȴߴߴһֱ˵ʲô
Ҷɨһ۴ˣüͷֱ˴߹ʧڹսǴŽ˴Ժ
Ҷһ̤ţһŻ⣬ԺСӵЦЦǹ죬ΪһʿҪ룬ܶ϶ǹЦԥ׷ЦŴԺ˽ȥ


55 Ժ࣡
Ҷٶȷɿ죬һ̾ͳڴЦĵطƼԺڵƼҴԺͲһģԺͺͺģֻѾɿݵڴС
ϸһϹһľ壬ԭʼǧʱûһ磬ǧȴڲϵĵ
Цڴߣȴǧ֮⴫һն
Ҷ΢΢һЦŵȥǧָǰͨĿһԣͨĿϻԶڰ죬ֱ̫ɽ֮ǰǲῪģҪҪͨ
ͨĿҶٿǧֻǧ֮ϣһλСŮǧĵСŮЦվһλŮŮֲϵǧҶϵĳ֣ƺûоŶĻ
˵լȥӾҪɱˣҶѸٴӱȡľָֻ
ŮȻһ˿ȴܿˣǺùʲôִ͵ˣ˽ͷ档ҶϵķùŮһ˲ˣʿʿ𣬾ֻӶݣԣһ˲ĳ֮ŮСŮԾǽڣܿʧԶ
ҶһһεѹͷΪžͼ˹Ϊ̫ոɽйҡڵĳլҲ˵˵صȻ޴ˡ
Ȼ޴棬ͼпȫʧˣ뵽ոս峤ڵ˵ʧжˡ
ôʲôԭʧأ
Ҷһûһͷʱӳˣϸ磬ôСԷأ
Ҷľһ˷䡣
Ƽװμ򵥣ͨϰռеķӲ࣬ҲûиߵߵΣзһŷķΣľģͿһᣬپʣǳӣֵũҲˡ
ԱߣһСݣгһŴ󿻣Ҳûʲôװˡ
Ҷ߽ȥ˪һۣҶףѯʸղŵ£Ҷǵ˸Ӧĳ֣ô˪ҪҶö࣬˵ҶܸӦģ˪ܸӦ
ҶЦЦ̯̯֣һȺСˣܵˣ
˪˵ͷҲû˵ʲôӣһҶϣһ˪Ͷ˶˵ʲôȴʲôҲû˵
ҶϸܵӵķӦԣӺ˪֮һ޷УģΪüĿ飬ӵļ򣺡ǣҿŽ鲻ãСҪСˣ
ţôˣͻȻˣЩ˪
һ˪ûзԱ˵ӵţûзӽţֻһĨˣûе£˵
һ鲻ãæǰʳʶ̣ڳԷʱ˪ЦݵԼܺã̧𷹳
ӻл̫ǵľҶа̾ͬʱɨһ˪ĹȻһ˫ۣЦЦ𷹣ԷԷ
¾ôˣڳԷͻȻݶһ죬ʯ˷ϡ
̧ͷɨһݶųԷˣ˼ȴԶҶϿˣһٷԵʱ䲻Ȼȴ˼Ҷϵϡ
Ҷ룬ЩĪζǲѾͷϲϰˣ
뷨һԼˣôᣬŮ˶ʵˣ̸ʱŮ˵ĵһ⣺з𣿡ڶ⣺г𣿡⣺д٣
ҶһҲûдﵽ͵Č˿˿Ϯ߸˧Ƶ׸ǶС˵УʵеČ˿Կˣ¾սһӣϮ߸˧ͲˣƵľǰ׸
ҶϷ˼êˣæջƮģֻҲʱݶˣ͸ղһģһ죬֮ǰˣǷ΢͵
˼һҶϵĻУϸ磬£ÿô죡
Ҷϸļ򣺡ˣڣκаĶҲΣ
⼸ĺ£ģ˼ѹ˺ܾõһӱŷˣۿӨỨ
Ҷϱοһ˼Ǻзִģ鴤һЦˣҾ˯þˣ
Ҷϼ˼ָĲˣ˵˪ӣչ˺˼ҳȥһ£
˪ĵ˵ͷվϸ磬ǳȥ׷ôҲȥ
ͷôҶϵһۡ
ӣһôҵİ˪һ
ӼæתЦǺǵĻصţұ㣡
ҶϿЦӵĵȻԼ࣬һõԴ˰ɣҾͺˣ˪
߳ӣҶһݶʱµգԶһèУĺҹУĹ졣
ҶЦЦݶķɣٶˣ
ʱһλϹ̽һЩӵҶϡ
ҶϿЦһ۾ͿһֻڳŵʱҶϾͲµʲôһܶݳڲסˣйôݶ׳ơ÷
÷һ־ڣйݿţ͵ԼļˣסǺˣҽֻ͵͵վݶݶˡڶԼеȥ֮ĳԭûȥ䱨÷ʲô⣬Ầˡ
ƽ÷ʵҲ򵥣Ŀɱ֮֮ӦøһյֽǮʹˡ
ҶҡҡͷӱóһЩң׸ͷӣ߰ɣԺҪˣլҾ㣡
ͷӴӵϼңɨҶһۣʹ˷ˡ
ҶԶȥıӰ¶һ˿ЦݣѵׯôСͷĶƹ
մմϲʱͻȻԼӰôĴԼ࣬ˣƵСׯ¹ⶼģÿôӰأ
ӰӹҶԺ֡
ӰӹֹҹӰˣǱˣͻᱻȥ꣬׽Ͷ̥һ
ҶͻȻԼĻǣһһ뿪Լ壬ûоţһֻЬӡ
ʱԼһֻѾˣҶϼһӰӣ˵ĹӰӡ
ҶϽµЬЬ׳죬գȻûЬҽŶʮŲ̶Ȼͷһ
ʱϵӰɢˣţԼһֻǴӵƮԼ塣
Ҷϰ̾գЩƽⷨéɽеóʶ⣬Լѧղһˣ
һΪԼʤ˷ʱͻȻɫˣܵͻȻǿɷһɲĸо
ûꣿҶϲͷĺͬʱͻȻתƼԺô˶
ֻǣתһ̣һ˲ȫˣͨһ¶˵ϣ


56 ٹ
Ҷ϶ڵϣӼæˣⲻǱˣˣΪˣμʮ֮һĵ
ϵɱԹ̫һ㶼ΪʵԹضһΪŮԣһӣѪȡ
紫ԣֻŮϳһƴСͷǵĹУն£ͷĵһĵҪöࡣ
Ҳˣ˹ɢɷ㹻ҶľȻŵȴΪɷ̫󣬶ǵһԸڿò
ҶĿǰ̬һŵģˣʲô£
ǣںҹתһ˲䣬һűֽףûѪɫӣϺܲЭĳһƴСͷĵĿ⣬ڶ㣬˵£ǹˣҶϲˣҲòŵˡ
ʱػָǣϸ˹һɷصѪɫԼһңޱ飬˫Ҷϼ
Ҷϴæվһվ⣬Ŀ˸ĶŵƣǹôôôĹˣ
ӲҪҶϣҶͬһַʽһֽӹͻᱻ˹ȥһ
ҶһʿĹԶ򡭡
˻û˵꣬ͻȻˣڵ󣬺ԥľһ
ҶҪס֣ѾˣӵûжֵӿӦ̽ԵûкŪֻֻἤŭ
ľ壬һҺҶϣͻȻתѪɫһߣɲǼסӵĲʹһӱص壬Ȼʮ࣬⻹ֹʹӷݶ
ҶҪӶˣҸû˵ĵطʩչ֮һԣƢΪͣȻҲѰ̼ǣƢŭˣıˡ
ҶϺԥ˫׷һţҪ׷û뵽˪ĶҪѾܣͷһ䣺Сһˣȥˣȥչ
Ҷϸոշ˪ȥĿֱ꣬Ӵ׸ߵܵ
鷢չ̫ˣҲ̫ͻˣҶϲˤڵϣȫһʹվƳһ˪ԶӰǺܵģ˪һֻˣΪͯڵʿˣ
˪ܿʧҹɫУҶת˷䣬ʱеƻ͸ǲ¹û
˼Ҷϻˣɫһϲɫϣе¡
Ҷ⻰һ£ǲһְʾأǣǲǸץסأ
ֻǣ뷨һͱԺеĹˣҶҲˣƼԺ֪ŶٹҲȥˣ㵽ʧˡ
ǺҶڷһϵеİȫʩ
ЩҶϲŵϢʱҹɫѾˣ˪ûй
ҶϿ˿ʱ䣬˪Ѿ뿪СʱˣԸһֻõôʱô
Ҷ룬ȡֻ˪ĺ룬һŲŷ֣˪ĵ绰ڹػûźŵ״̬¡
ѵ׷ԶˣҶüŻҰʣЩ塣
ϣ˯һɣżҲû취ܲܳȥǰɣ˼Ҳ˯ţڴ϶ţҶϽӣûһ˯ˡ
ʹʱҶɫһ꣬ˣ
һŲҵˣݽŲӦò죬ҲǺ
ӽŲ֮󣬴ԺűײˣһӰ˴Ժ
Ҷûһ㾪ţΪнŲôţҲôԣһ˶ʵ̫Сˣ
ϸ磬ϸ硭ǵӰӽţԺд˪ĺ
Ҷһ˪󲽱Ժӡ
ʱ˪ѾųصĲӣϿӣҶǰ
׷ˣö࡭ö࡭˪仰û˵꣬۵ĵ˵ϣȻιȥˡ
Ҷһӣһ˪Ҵҵؽţǽŵһ̣һδˣųһ꣬Ҷϵľ鿴Ӧһٶֻ
Ҷϴæ˶ڴϣŴӱȡ˰󣬰ڷУ˵Դ
ɱĹֶУҹҲͬȷԴϱлë˵صĹʵ̫ˣԺΧˮйͨ
òҲǺ˵ģѪ㲻ʲôȱ첲ȵҲ˵ĹȥҲ̶õĸһƬѪģģҲôʮֻ
Ҷ˼Щ˴ϴһ̣вĹˣǰͺ̣һײ˷֮ϣҺڶ
ҶϴʱأԼµͷûжģôùһһײҲŲοʧĴׯˣܳǵڶ죬ոա
ڵвǳˣµ󷨺ͷҲһ
ˣҲٹһСʱ֮󣬵һˣн뷿䣬ҶϴæӴ˪ӣþֵ˼Ҳ˰
ãǺܲķ󷨣СʱСʱ֮󣬰󷢳֨֨ڲúҪˡ
Ҷ¼ˣõķˣõҲùˣȥˣĿǰɽˮˡ
Ҷǿסеľ֣˿ʱ䣬ʱѾˣܳСʱ֮󣬰ٹӦûյڰ˵ⳡجҲ͸ýˡ
˼Ȼȴˣ󷢳Ŀ֨֨
µҪһеĳҶϵĻУʹıҶϣץסһһܷʲô֡
ҶûˣԽԽ֪ѾƵıԵһᣬƿ˼˼ţܷʲô£Ҫ뿪󷨣𣿡
ϡҺ¡㲻Ҫҡ˼Ͱ͵Ļص
ҶϿЦҲֻȥСʱˣǶ
Ǻӱȡһľ㣬׷
Ҷϵȼ㣬ðһһУԴǿ׳Լ壬һéɽо񡱣
Ҳ򵥣ģǹ񣬶˵㣬ǽԼ̵ʱڱǿ壬ȻȲȴҲһãԼٷ֮ʮĵֿ
㣬ҶϱѬñһѣһѣ϶ɫˡ
ţᣬľƿ˲ֵ˼¸ҵ̤˰
̤һ̣׷߶䣬
Ҷϳ֮⣬˰ٹע⣬һɲǵľ֮еĹ꣬Ҷɱ


57 ׷ɱ
Ҷϳһ̣ǶǼ̼佫Χסֽ֮ڶ
ֻ׵ĳҶߣľһ٣ϣָڿһ㣬һʱʳָ
ţʳָľһľȼ棬ҶĿ˸նɱ֣
ͬʱҶ϶ӭļֻ̳ʮལÿһŻ棬һɱĶ飬ʹ˴ˡ
ţһɱҶͬһУ񹦣ʵҶڽΪһԹ߹ۿأ
ֻǣδȥȴ˽룬еĹ֣Ҳʧ˼ΣѾ˲ˡ
Ҷʱˣڹؼʱ̣ذΧˣȻסˣһһɱĹҶһͻȻˡ
ҶϵڶѾ֪ˡ
̫˼ˣҶؼԼޣ飬˼ҲδԸ֣ΰҶϳ֣ѾˣѵҪ˼Ҵһ
ҶľĴ̳һ򣬺ֱײԾ˴ӳԺС
ȥĹУײһ𣬡֮ҲײȻǿˣǺֱײһĶ飬ײ֫ˡ
ҶӸոһοʼˣ׽ױ׹ģ׾콫ģǣɽ𾫣ִ֣ţն뷣׼С
ǻ䣬ʵ˵ͬһң붼񣬲Чһʺڿ㣬ȷ˲˵ĵطʹãȴʺǰСΧĴ򶷣
νĻ䣬ʵǸϣӲǲնɱ
ϣҶգһ׾ҪûУԸսԣˣҪԼϣԼΪͨĹߣʹõ֮
׾һ㷴ӦûУٿգѾһڱΡ
ǽ첻飬еصزӦûˣٿӣеĹʮа˾׷ˣִûˡ
ҶԼҧָԼѪջ׷ɱ˵Ⱦܣ󷨣Ϊ飬ʵôɵڳ󷨵ʱ򣬾ķչˡ
󷨣˪ӻԣϲᷨ˼ǵУذܣ
һӳȥ飬ʵսĻһˣȴ׸սܣҲܵĻᶼûаɣ
ʵ֤˵ڶֿܣڵ״սܲֻ࣬ܣԭƻУԼѪΪնеĶ飡
ȫˣ˼˰ȫˣȻҶȴΪѪζһȺ飬ڴ϶ܣڱܵĹУܶʱڡ֮塱ǿȴ󣬲º͹ײһһʱȴҲûΣա
ǣׯĶ飬Զ¶ö࣬ŵѪζȫ׷ˣײĻԽԽ࣬ƵײϵķζʧײϹܸܵĲײȥᱻײ塣
ֻأ׷ȴûй׷෴ǹ׷
ţײһֻ޹ϣ׶ࡣðŽǣЩε
ʱ׷ĹȺѾӴһ߰ʮֻһת۾ͽΧУҲ֪жͣһ˲ٽҶϡ
ڴʱһŹװŴŮͻȻˣڰУһ˦һײתųˣٽҶϡ
ҶϺȻһһŽߵĹӭİײƲˡ
ƴһľͻȻָ֣ɿ죬ڽѪһ̶ŭһ
һľͻȻȼžĻ˻ǵ㣡
Сٽͷ࣬éɽУΪأҲ׵ʹõ򲻵ѣʹ
ٽľΪʿĵһһܷô
ʵٽľҪͶͬھͬĵǷǽԼȼɱʽľɱ
ȼյĻǵ㣬˺ֻܶڣǱǵĶ飬һ˲仯ɢˡ
˹һĻȺŵüæˣճһԲȦ
Ҷһǰվ̧ͷͬȵŮͻȻЦˣкǸм
ţ׷еĹװŮͻȻ
ܣҶϴһ
װŮ֪ԣھȣҶѾǰܣ
װŮһתӡ
Ҷ׷ó׷ŮԶȥˡ
ϵĹ׹ҶѾ˰ˣһ׷϶ȥ
װŮҶһӳֻǺζˣΪ˱һֱԶԶĸҶϣҶʱܳˡ
ʱЩ⣬ҶôһܷˣڸղŻ׷޼ƿʩ
ʹʣеٶȹͣײӱ׵缸꣬ķٶȴﵽ˲˼ĳ̶ȣҶմĹ⣬ٶȷǳ졣
Ҷ¶ϲɫֻ֪ϹȷˣȻʿܣһֻùǺõİɡ
׷ǰڴׯ帽һҹֱڶնմأɢ˵֮УҶϲһкװŮҶϱеһСɡ
ʿԣҶм׽ʿɡľһҪΪǵּǲɱһֻùŹһֻɡùùʱУҶǰ׼Ҳó
ȥ·ϣҶϵֻ֪װ峯ŮӣС˼ѾߣжţˣŮǰӵܵĺˣǳϲȡֶš
ֻǵҶôʱ򣬶űտڲᣬʲôص飬Ҷϲöʣʹա
⻹֪һ˵Ϣӹ࣬ԸģŲȷǸҶϵ˵Ϣ˴ׯǧڣͻȻεˣʱ򣬾Ѿׯˣ
ҶЩüҲε⵹ǵһ˵һⲻ⣺Ž㣬һһʣ㲻ԵĽׯҲԼķĹɣôͲأ
Ҳ˵ʢ᲻뿪ˣŲɡУҶϵıд˵
ŵ˶٣ͻȻ£ҶϵıҲҡһҶϼæʵŽ㣬ôˣ
ˣˣɷأžֵ
ҶͻȻתȴֻԶԶ·ߣһӰһ֣ٿܣҲû˳֡
ˣÿٶȡž
ҶüԴӽׯ壬һ˫۾һֱ˾˭
ʹʱǰĴ·ϣһλͷŹȣһȳһյĳˣͷҶ෴ķȥӦǳȥˡ
ӦӦͷҶϵǰʱͻȻ˼䣬ſЦԶˡ


58 Ѫ
ҶȳӽʧУתŴȥ
ӣŵգżˣҲ޾ɣҶôһλİҲˡ
ҶƼլµԺһֱĺԺĸо϶ӡ
Ҷһ·ֱߣĿǰΨһס˵Ҳҹֹĵط
ǰǸոٷϴһ㣬ŴõһͿûһ춯ûߡ
ҶϴҴ˽ȥһӣͿ˵ˣˣ֮ıϲϡ
Ҷϱȥ鿴˵ĺȻεˣȴ
һһ̧ϣϸ鿴˼״ͨĿ֮£˼ӣ˪һһκаļ
ҶϴӱȡСɡرŴ˴̶˳Ž㣬㿴ôˣ
Ż߹ȥʼˡ
Ҷϴ㵵ŶţôҲ벻ŻʱҲһ֣ѵãزҴȺŰ
ŵһ˪ʲôҲû˵ֻЩ΢΢ľɡ˼ͬû˵ʲôֻǱӳˣֵˣһ˳ܣڵϼһϸߡ
ҶϻΪ˼ʲôأֱϸߣŻȻ򣬷⽨˼뻹ڽ
Ȼһ죬ϸһ֣һ˾ǻ֮󣬲ӵĸ첲ϡ
ϸߣϸİһϸߣ̾һ
Ž㣬ôˣҶϼŰлˡ
˵ӣǵ󶼺ңȴʲôüص
ңҶ֪ѾǹˣҼȻľֻЩ
λӺλС΢һ㣬ʮµľָӺ˪˵֮Žָָ˼ֻǣλС»˼ˣ
⻰ҶеľԱʱԴеңڵĺѵİΣͬʱȴ벻ͨ뿪﾿ʲô£
˼ΪʲôǱֱӳˣ߹ˣҪȥ
ͬʱ˪׷ӳȥΪʲôôһȺΪʲô˪Ӷˣǳȥ󾿾ʲô
Ҷϴʣʼ۲ƬһƬһƬļ󷨲ϣϸ֮һԵķλˣԽԽľӲϵѺۿ㹻ȣֱӻģһٶֻûн飬ѵбһֻĹ
벻ͨЩҶֻգ˪Ӻ˼ֻԣʹϵֹѲ˸ϵģȻ˪Ҳ⣬ֻܴӴֹˣ
ҶöŶСɡУͿʼʩ˼ʮŷֽӵľװ˱ӵĵʿȻӿ󣬵ʿЩȴҲ޷ҶϿеԼôһСʿӡЩҶϱŰƼլ
һĻУǴģ˷˴еʿ֣ȥ峤ˡ
ҶϽӴߵ˴Ϳλ󺺳ԶԶظ
ҶϲûǣҵһŻȡľŻЦһҲڴУɣ
˵ţҶϳŴһһȥˣɿݵ֦һء
Ҷϵһγﳤȥ
λһֱԶҶϵĹ춯ŻǴ̣֮£һ
ֻǵλ󺺸ո£Ϳ˴̵ĵطһʺѪۡ
λ󺺴󾪣һʿɣôӱ˹УǿҶȴҲ·ϴƵ飬Ҷϵ̫ᣬһֱҶϣǼȰֺ޵ָоɣ
ڼǰһĻҶһǽʿӦʵʿԴ峤ΪףλҶ׷ȥ
Ҷһߣһ߿ЦնѪҲⰲŵģֻǴϹô࣬ΪĻУֻ漣ˡôǺ飬ôһϷ
һϷȻЧʮӣ׷Ҷϣ͹ɣȾǴӰɣ
ҶҡҡͷҲֻ·˵أʧаУֲⱣǻǾ߰ɣѾסĵطˣ
ɹȻҲӵȷֲⱣ̫ɽаûҲߣߵûһܻ졭ɣȾǴӰɣ峤һλʮҵˣӿ࣬һһλӢµˣŵĴڣȻʹеһңͺ͵˾֢˲ࡣ
ҶһΪѵӣʵѵģǰмǴˣǿ
峤һҡҡͷʵÿ춼㲻еô֪죬˿ˡ
ЩУȻûм˵ڴӣҲڹͣλҺͬ飬ֻܰĪˣԲ𣡡Ҷ˵ţҪ뿪
ɣӺʿֹҹйʿܣ᲻ѣһλæص
Ŷд£ʲôطҶϾϲʵ
ӻ´򶷵ĺۼֻѾϰ˫Ŵ£ûз֣λ˵
һҶ⣬ϴׯɹУڴ͵Ĵ춯ҳ
ҶżȥĵطȷһЩʩĺۼҶϼװϸ˿ڽӡϹһԣ
ȷѣȷ򶷹ҶЩϲʵ
ǣ뿴ǰһףҼңܱ֤ص
˾ͺãҾˣ׷Ѱѣ˳ǽһС⣡Ҷ˵ǴʦĿ
ɷģȫ̽ѵ䣬ûмǵĴ񣡡峤ҶԸæһС⣬˷ܵĽѰҶѵˣ
Ҷϸżλȥ˴峤Уһ·ϣҶ˺ܶڽһ귢Ĺ¡
˵Ҳ֣һǰߣǻԼľͻˣܶ඼Ǳҧˣ峤ص
УʼĶˣڴϵ˽ʣһλˣʮˡԴӹг֣ͿʼˣСҲŹһλе˵
һλ˻ţǲǷӣȻЩȳ·ȣҶϲγǰȳˡ
ѾˣԴӹг֣ͷˣÿҺҽУӿҪˣ峤˵˵
Ǿڴʱһλ񱼽˴峤ңžͺ峤峤ƼԺˡƼԺҵΨһҲ첻ˣȥɣ


59 ٹ
峤һˣܿȥƼլһƼլٵһͿɵˡ
Ҷϵһ˷䣬ʵ֪ῴʲôʵһ˻Եڴϡ
ֻǣҶΪ˽ϷȥôΣܵߣӺ˪˪ӣôˣ
״˷ʲô£ͬʱҲȷǰУж˾Ҷϵѣ
峤ǰϸ鿴˵״ҡҡͷ˵ʱ򣬴඼״
Ҷһʵ峤˵ʱѾµˣҲǺܾ棬ȴΪ˵ӵˣ
峤鷳㰲һҵǣȥڵҶ磡ҶϽ˴峤ȥˡ
Ҷ磬ƺǱʣгӵƫУҶϲ֪ھǺбģǴӵĴҲ˲ȱ£ûϲ̣ƲҲûˣҴӴ˰ˡ
Ҷ縸һ͹ƶũȴϵĻԹȫû˺ǽ
Ҷӣ˿ǻڵõӦˣϺˣ
ֻҶ縸ʮʱһӣкͱе˳Ҷ磡
ҸҲʮʱҲǽ꣬ͺܶһ˼죬һغˣ
ĸĸ磬ʱҾֻжһˣȴҲӦ˱Ӧһ˵ĳ˶磬Ҷʲô£˱տڲᣡ
Ҫȥң񶼲ԸȥǴ峤˼˸Ҷȥҡ
ҺƼһһԺϵķݣΪʧޣѾúͷˡ
ҶϽҴԺ;÷ΧһЩԣָоȵһνƼҵʱԵĶ࣡
ҶϻȷƼйסһƼҸ࣬ʿͨľܸܳ
Ҷƿţ߽ӣĴ֩ûסˣʵȴǣһŹϵļӴϣһλ̬꣬ʮһӣӹݵƤǣȽͷؤݵĶֻ࣬۾УĿѾɢһ˵
ˣҲûκεķӦֻĿͣһһڵĳ
ЩҶϹĵĽ㣬һ۾Ϳ˴ڴϣȻڱǽϻӰӣӰӱȽϻɢ˵ûսӣ
ҶϿͨĿϸ˿ҶüģüһһĳʱһЩʱСһЩʱʧˣ
ҶһԸļ˽Ŷⶼʧˣ
ʹڻܵĲͨҶüġ
һͻȻһüƮҶϴæָӼ˺ͬʱԸͬĴŴսӣ⣬ʹʧˣ
ҶϻȷضаˣȲǶ飬ҲǸ飬ײֱͣӵɡ
ҶΪȷԼĲ²⣬óһʩ˶Ķͷ
ҶͻȻվоһֻͷĲӬײ
Ҷһⲽ䰴ڵأָһذüĵķϡ
ʼҡڣŷı䵭ˣȴһֻһֻСһӰӣֽһһŵιȥˡ
Ҷ϶ʱ۾ϵСһ⣬ʵʾڵĻǣ
Ȼǻǣ꣬Ҳ˵СӰӣȴŶӳ֣һһŵιȥÿʮһʮš
ٹٹҶԼ۾֮ǰ˵һ㶼겻˵֮УΪڱ֮УԼǿ󣬼ʮֻͬʱ֣ҲСʱܹĻˣ
ͬϵණһֻҪܾײһ̣롣
һֻһˣ֣飬ɹֻһֻԶ֣Ȼڴһ
ĿǰֻһֽͣٹǶ飬ͬˣǺͬʬԻˣ÷䣬ɵģ
µҲǶôˣׯһһλаʿ
뵽ˣҶͻȻ֡ٹ䡱
νٹ䣬éɽмأʮа֮һéɽûмʩḶ́ȴһƽ֮
ҶϽôһӰ죬Ϊʮ֮һΪһӶһΣû̫⡣ˣֻ²鿴éɽˣ
Ҷϱڴ峤ҾסƼԺѾʮСվȥˣʮСﶼҶѡģģʤԣڲڵƼԶרѰƽʮ֮һİٹ䣡
éɽأƽٹ䣬ҪϵĻλͯӵҺһٵ˺ˮ
ҶϲεʲôƽⷨѣͯҲ򵥣һٵκˮȥңʱ찡
ֻε磺ΰ취ƣܲɣ
Ȼֻ֮δᣡ
Ҷ룬һĹַˮԼĻǣ
˷УҶȻ֪жãֻǿƼ㼸죡
ӣɫǲǺˣո˯ѵĶһʵ
ɣһأҶϻص
ųˣҶڵķ߰㣬һ߿ʼʰ䣬һʵʲô£ӾܷԸ
ҶƲƲ죬صŽ㣬ܱܲٽҹˣ
ǽʲôЩȵʵ
ҽϣűŤҶϻص
ðɣ˵ʲôҪҰæʵ
ҪǱУĴ̽Щ۴ׯ壬ǺԵɣҶϻص
£ðɣȥˣ˵꣬ЦЦ΢΢ǷҪ뿪
ȵȣȥҶʵ
ǰôˣŷʵ
Ұ׼˼·һϰɣҶ˵ţӱȡ˼ֽ·ÿһĿʽУĿǰе·Ʒһ
Щ˷ܣȴûСŮһֱ˹Ķŵӹ·ϸ
һҧ촽ЦЩεҶϡ
ҶϿЦһûˣϰĹˣôأʣһ·̫¶ˣ
Ž㣬ѡɣִ˶·㲻Ϊ̥ʹʱһЩҶƲƲ죬¶ЦݣʵŴ·ʲôЧлЩڴĹ
εЦЦһһѡʵҶѾҪˣһһ㣬һɫĳȹһѡһ
ȻһһѡϣǼɫȺóϣɣ
ҶϵͷӦŵһִ·Ϊˣʲô¶и̵ģǽӹɫȹʹ˵ȼˡ
ŵõ·ͱ·ɡУֻһȥͲˣҶʵڵȲˣŽеŽ㣬ɡ
ŶٵȵȣŻص
㲻ҽˣҶϻص
ˡˡżæӦ


60 ħ
ҶϴʱܿһλŵŮװʲôأ
ʹʱŲС˫۽汧ظˣɫ糺죬ͷ͵Ĳ㿴òˡ
ҶϸŶţŵĶҪ໬ж໬ͻȻ֮䣬ҶϾԼһҪ޴Ů֣Ůŵñ䡣
ңҺ𣿡ԴɬĵҶһۡ
Ҷ׿뷨˵ȥǧҪȻһ׼˵У
⻰ȥֱۣͻȻҶ˵ϣý㴩·ÿô
Ҷϲ켫ˣԭǹװ̧ͷԭתһȦԼ
ҶϿЦһԭʼĳ嶯ȻûˣҲûж˼ڿˡ
ǿռ˽ıˣתȦ̶ĳôһ仰
ҶŻȻ򣬸Ƕһɣһסˣſǹǿ˰ɣŴŮ˭ļҪ޸˭ŲҪ޸ɣ
ϣʲôأ㻰أÿôظһ⡣
ÿǳÿҶϵĽ㣬ܲÿôҶ̾ŵʱ򣬹һ˵Ľܹϵ
ŰһҶϣûҶϻ֮⣬Ƕȥˡ
ߺҶϿʼһ֮Ҷ֪ʵһλʿǶôҪһ¡
Ҷǰ̴̳㣬ߵĬģʱÿһζġȻÿַľҪÿ636顣
ʿĵʵǺõģ㣬ооڲ֪
ǣеȴкܴĸӦҶϴͯڵͯڣܸӦжһ˿ֵֵһܹֵʱ򣬲ŻصĹҲνͨ
ÿоʵۼͨһ̣һͨﵽһƿͻͻƣоͻ
ͯڵͻƣ븶׶Σ㹻ͨͨ澭ͨתʵսĹ㣬
ĿǰҶϣڻͨĽ׶ΣѰģȻѾʿˣܵʱ򻹵黹Ǻ֮֮ȥģʱ벻Ҷϵԣ׶εʿҲʵսɥ
ʿʵս͵˵ϵȴҲȫȣ˪ѾټͯˣЩʿһҲͣ׶ΡȻսҶǿ˶٣һ鷽治㣬Ҳһ档
ҶȻеͣʺã죬ܵʱʹͨһӡ

Ҷһ۾ʼжģľģһһٶ֣ͯľľʮ֣һһж
أҶнһõĵزֵزʵ˯ŵģȴһֱĬģéɽг֮ΪľҲõľ硣
ҶĴͻȻһ紵˷ţҶϴоѡ
۾ʱ򣬼ǰһֻëͬƣͬˣǺëΪǰһ澵أ
ǣҶϾ㵵ʱһǿͻȻڡ
Ҷ϶һëͷϳһЩɫһĶҶϵڡ
ҶľϵéɽУⷽļأڵ޶汾УһʴҪʿʱҪж䣬⵽Ķ
ڶʲôѾûп֤ˣƾ˼֪ͶƣȻռ壬ضռʿĵС
ҶϺʱ˻ˡ֣ƽ⣬éɽûмذ
Ҷ޼ƿʩʱͻȻһֻֻ֣־סҶϵ֮һƳ⣬̶䵤ﴦһֻ֡
ʱҶ֪ˣνĶǹ޶ʿ֮еͨͨԹȫ£޿аĶΪԴȻͨһأ
ʵҶϲ֪ԼˣҲһˣԭܼ򵥣ͨڣ˱ǿ󣬶ĹУԼҲǿǿ󿿵Ĳͨǹͨͨǹĸ
ʱΣҶҲûʱٿˣúëɹҶһʧȥָͨͨʱС
ҶϺɣҪվ֣ôҲվۼëѾԼ֮ڣȴֻ۰Ͱ͵š
Ҷϼˣʹ꣬һ֣ͻȻ۾˼
ҶˣԼУֻе꣬˼룬εḶ́éɽΪϣϳȥεˣָ£ڶʱ򣬻һļƬԴУΡ
пѧϽ͵ġ˼ҹΡʵεһֽͣʲô£ﲻʵˣȥˡ
żУɱˣĳޣɱΥģͻȥɱʱʿһߣܳɹɱС
ĿǰĶǷУëһֻħħɱ˵ģԣΣһɹҶͻʧȥеĵУ
ȻУҶϾ˷ˣ궼壬壬ںһ𣬾ܺͺëһһĶһˡ
뵽ˣҶͻȻԼ뿪壬һվ˺ëǰ
ëЩ죬Ϊһɱ֮еħɱõʲôܵõʲô֮һ귴ʱ͵ôսһˡ
ҶϲԼУҪվԵħһսϵˣֻ۰Ͱ͵ű緢ˣħһһֻǣȻŻȥڶڶǣŻȥǣɹҶϵĻǾͺ׾ٵľɱ֮
ֻǣħεҶϣעֻУҶϻӷɿ죬ԼյĲڻûȫʧʱȫ
ǺħһȭħҶϿٶȣһȭʹǰ
ħײˣˤǽϣվһѪеľָʵҶһҲ£ѾħСгɾ͵Ĺˣһ˵ĻȽǴ򲻹ħġ
ҶЦĻǺ͹࣬ԣĿǰĴܲ˺͹ûбҪʹ÷ʹ÷ԼԼŪͬĵ޶Ը˵ĹҲʧЧ
ô͹ܾͺ͹˴һľȭͷ
ҶϲõЦˣԸħˣʿĹ޾ħΪ⿴ͨĿҲ
ҶմմϲʤȯյʱħӻóһɱһҶϼˣͽֿȭԸűĹԼһӶûˣתħЦɱ


61 
ҶһɣħѾɱɱҶӭ
ҶҲûл˼ˣӷɿ죬ȶһ˵бɣ걻ɱڹĻɢȻ궼ˣҲͲڻˣ
ħɱ˵ķʽɱ֮Уħħɱˣڶֻһʬˣʬ壬ɷУ
ҶվǽǣֿȭһֱȥҲǰ취ٺãٿ죬أһСľͻᱻɱ
ҶϺص壬ԵкħԼȻܶ˵֮£ص壬ĸ죡
ʱħһɱɱͷ£ҶϽԼԱߣԼıϽӹһܣһߴӱȡֻӣ䶪ڰ˸ͬķλ
ţҶԾݶ컨֮ϣûֽƹ̶ֳһԾµ档
ħȻ֪ҶʲôȴҲЩ죬΢ͣһŰֻӣĿ˸
ҶվڵϣĿ֮һ˿֮ɫ̶ȡ̴ģæ
㣬Ϊ˱ӣǣҲѸһַʽ㣬㹻Ҷϻָȫˡ
ħȻһֱ벻ͨҶϻ壬ĻôôǿԭǳģһϵеĶΪԻҶϴĻᡣ
뵽ˣħЦǣһתɱ
ҶϼһԼõȦӣ̶ߴߴһ֮
ħ׷ɱͷ󺹣һΣôٶȱǰӿˣ㻹ûнأǺεҶкˣ֪ԼϵˣղŵһϵжԻô򵥣ʩ
һɵʱͻȻͭǽڣС
ʱҶһҲǼǣӤָͷɵİһֱЯϣѾǵڶΰΪˡ
ʵҶϵʱҲûһģϾԼ壬ؼڣװ֮İԼʩҲûܵɡ
ħڰкֱײһײǽϣһײ˵ϣеƹգʱŭǵ˿Ȯһֻ
Ҷϼæλ壬ʱһһʱӲѪҺ̣л֮ҲܸˡһҶϸʱ򣬾˪ӰӲʬ忾һֹǣѪҺҲڻˣŸˣһʬ彩Ӳ˪Ӷˣ
壬ҶںʮӣѪҺſʼѭ۾
Ҷ۾һ˸ãʱʱĻȴôҲħ
ҶͷȻգн⣬ĸˣ
æӱȡչֻһӣյƹλ̶ƣ
һ̣к֮𣬹һӣ˲ҺţԽԽС󳹵ײˡ
ҶħĹ죬ûнˣֱڶ죬յգһ龵ӣ뷿䣬󷨡
ֻǣˣðһЩ̣Ҳûʲô
ҶһħѾҷˣֻҶϺܲķ֣һˮһľ壬С
Ҷϸ鿴ڲ鿴ĹУҶϷ־ðһưɫ壬Űɫţڻļ
ҶϼæȻ֪ʲô⣬һǱ˹֮˵˵ģΪᾧ壬˵õˣˣһΪһײ㣡
ѵǹҶ룬ЩΣҲóȻȥǶҩʲôģô죿
еéɽУȻûⷽļأҲΪֶ֤Ҷ˪֪һʥһġéɽͼ־ȫéɽ鼮ѾټˣҲֻӣ˪شģŻУ
Ҷϴ鼮Ŀ¼ҵħƪ£ϸ鿴
ݡéɽͼ־ħΪ֣һˣһһҲһֺ˵ԱȽƣһֺ͹ԱȽƣһ־ͺԱȽƣ
ͼ־ԻߣѪԣ죻ߣɷййԣ͹죻ߣ壬ԣ졣
ϸУҶϻǷֻ֣ħӦֻħëǲᷢëɫֻħĳַļһݱ
ȷһֻħ֮ҶϾ˷ˣȻéɽͼ־Ҳûħ˵ǼȻһԣҲ˵ҲǱȻˡ
Ҷó壬ͻȻ־С˺ܶ࣬װ˱УڲϵıСմȥһʱʲôҲûˣ
Ҷϼˣҵ˹Ƿ֣뿪壬ͻὥػʧˡﻹṩķʽһֻ󣬽װܷӣŽڻӣ֮ڻ󣬲ӣͻһֻСҧƺӳܷУǿ
ҶϳţڸһֻԣǷԲ֮ضľɿˣĻʲôأ
ˣ˺峤ˣ
Ҷվɱȥ
׷źȥڴˣΧһֻֻ۵ĺӡ
˵Ҳ֣ӾȻֻۣʱΧסǽ޼ƿʩ
ô£Ҷϼ峤ҲУ͹ȥʴ峤
ӷôֵ飬һǳֻɱӲŵ԰峤ŭڡ
ҶϿЦǲͶҽֹʵҴҶаӻһλаʿȴôҲϹϵǰֻɣɱ㹻ˣαҪôӱɹУһʹаҲаô
峤˵ұ֤з£ֻΪҶϳϿҵ˵
ǻʲô㲻ҪڳƭˣԻˣǧ˼ƣ峤ص
峤ְɣɱ԰һλ˵
峤Ҷϵļ򣺡ɣֻ׽ˣ£Ǵ
Աϣ峤תԱһλнӹһѴ󵶣λ񣬴һϣɱֻ
ȵȣȵȡҶϼæվҪֻӣֻҪһֻгˣûʲôˣºӾһƷȻⲻа񣬼ȻҪɱ˺ӣΪһСС
ĴһҶϣЩĿⲻҶϺֻʲôϵһ㡣
˵ұ֤ʮеĹ֣һĴӣֻҪˡҶ׳һǰ˵Լ˼


62 Ч
Ҷظ֤ʮʱϵֹ¼ȻĶˡ
ֻǣ˶ҶϣվɣĻҵȲûɣʮպֹô˵һλ󺺺λĸǰñˣڶԹ֮ǡ
ʮպǴϻһֻҶϵŴлҶϷĵ
ֻҶϲ֪ʱ˲ڽ͵Цʮ죬ȫӶǹһɱһֻʮɱˣ
аЦ뿪ˣʮ죬ͬҲһ飬ʼˣ
Ҷϻߵֻ۵ĺԱߣԣȻûܣǹɵվĿֻ۾Ŀ˸Ҷϵл
Ҷϲúӵĵлʽȴаľ˫̽Եıӡ
ӲֻҶϥһߵͣɵıˣ˺ӵͷ­
֨֨֨ӹֽУҶѣһԾҶϵļ
Ҷ¸ˣӵԱȹҪǿĶ࣬ԼץΪʵ飬ЩΡ
ɣû⣿ҶҪ뿪ȴ峤סȥ·
ҶЦЦ˵˭ˣ
Ǵ峤ǶɫΣһʱزϻ
ҶϾ뿪ˣֻһֱҶϵļ֨֨֨ĹֽС
صƼҹլҶȲĽװһֻܷԱȽϺõӣӵ´һСֻһУٽӵײС׼ڣַסӡ
Ȼ֨֨֨ĽţûʲôԾĵط
ҶЩʧⲻʲôͣңûʲôֻӵĽԤĳӷɳûг֡
Ҷ̾һǼһǣӴ򿪡
ӵһ˲䣬ͻȻ˵ֻ۾ǵֻĿȻɫǴɫ
Ҷ۾Ҫϸ鿴ͻȻԾӣ漣ˣûأҶܿʼ֨֨֨֨֨
⡭Ҷϳͣ˼źӡ
һҶϵļϣŰĶˣ
Ҷ˷ܵĲĹԣ
˫ڱǰţһɵ̴ǿף־ܵĸо
ҶϿ˿ʱ䣬绹һСʱˡ
Ǿ͵شУһȥ
壬սʳͿʼܽˡܽһʣ澭񼣵Զ˵
Щڻʣ뵤ܿ뵤еͨںˣҶܸܵڲϵıںͻȻôһЩʵѸһһʹϲ
ҶǿûжʱһһĹȥˣеں壬ڽССʱʣµһּ뵤ѭĴΣͨ͹ڻɣҶϵǱʶУͨ屶ϣһ϶ûˣ
Ҷ۾Ѿվֻ۾תӺǿɰ
Ҷվк˷ܣӦͯڻĩڵĵ˰ɡéɽ˵ͨװͯĩˡ
ҶЩţʿһһͨװе󣬶һװﻹСӦǺڣ˪һεİɣ
ȷнײķҶʱʩչ˪ȷһ£
֮࣬ʱѾӽ磬Ҫȥ
ǴæӸƨɺ棬һһƼլĸңҶһڲϣӱ鿴񻯵ҶԱǿףϢѾˣٲ˻
ҶΪϵĹϵȥˣ֪˶࣬ȴûԸҶֻԼ̧֣һӣϻֽ
Ҷ׼ƷʱӾͶڷ̳ϣҶϣ
ʮӺҶǰ׼ŽŴԺз˼ǰ׼õĲù߾ͶŴ
ʱ䣬ʱľʱǾʹ˹أӺܹɣӷ̳ҶϹһ
Ҷȼ̴ڣջֽţͷָڵϻһʮ֣Сѹڡʮϣѹϣõʽϯضһڻ˶ٲҲˡ
΢գͷںŴΣȻֳɱ״µĬС䡱
ϣҶϽĬо䣬һʱͨʣϵĻֽһ۾û
ɣҶ۾һ̣Щˣץϵķ۾ͨĿϾǵͻͽǰմ˪ѧʱʱЧ
ӵֻ۾˸æ˵ſڣֵҶϡ
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ҶҲע⵽˺ӵķ΢΢üȻֻѾˣĸӦǿ跨һ£
һעˣӵӦ˵ܰԼܴæʿȻܸӦǴΧʧǵкͯڵʿǸӦģ
뷨Ҫʱȥоģڽһ뷨׿
˾ÿһɣҶϲ޸ˣеͶ͵֮
ɣҶһ뾻ˮŽžҶĸ֮ϡ
Żص̳ǰȼһ뾻ˮ̧žˮҶԣῪ죬С
ˮ죬Ҷ翪ʼֱȫķˮŲжˡ
ǣʹʱ֨֨֨Ľţ嵽Ҷϵļ߾ֵŴϵҶ磡
Ҷϱʰ뿪ģӵķú棬һͷһͷҶϵණˣʱһ˱ͷ첲ӣȴֻһǹ죡
Ҷľ֣ʱ֣ʱѾЧΧסණߵĻᣡ
Ҷ뵽Ͷ֣һ꣬ľϰֻͷ­ȥÿһȥһֻͷ­ɢһӹͷ­ʣ࣬ЩûдƵԴһЩණ鸽Ҷ壡
ҶϿʱ䣬һСʱˣʧĴׯ̫бѾûжˣʱֻգڶͬһʱ䣬һΣɱһζ飬ͲҶò
ҶҲҶʩҲڴׯĻԣһξʧ֣
귨Ҷܰһ󷨣˼ŷŴ˴峤ĵ绰峤Ҷ޴󰭣Ҫ


63 
峤ԸһصȵȰɣûԸ⣡
ҶϿЦǲȱµģΪȺڵĹУǾ군ˣ뵽ҶϲԼԩϻ֪ˣ³Ҫ壬صĳҲҪеڴһյ
ǺðɣﲻûˣҶ´峤вˣⰲһ飡
һϾܾˣһҲûҶˣΣֻԼڣ
ҲҶһ¾Ҫʱ˵
ʱһϴйֽĴǣҹһ¾Ͳˡ
ʱҶʱǲˣ͵ϮĹ
ʱһӱ岻һӣһȥֻҪйﴫ߹ֽҪȦ
ʹʱͻȻĿ˸һӴܵҶϵļϣֵ⡣
Ҷھ棬ڵĵУҲûиӦʲôԾһҶһණˣӦѾԺˡ
Ҷϰ̾ԼһλʿȻһֻӣһ仰רҲӡʱǡʿźӡ
ҶϲΪĿſڣһ֨һſˣſڳһֻ޹ӿൽֻͨܿظװӦһֻйʱҶϻһ쵽ӣ׷ɱʱ򣬲Ǿͼһֻ޹ֻǵʱû⣬һһֻ޹ɣ
޹ſͣ½ŲŽһ̴ֻСͽӡ
ˣŵĺӵ£ֻգŹ
Ҷһ̵ģʲôһƽ壬ûбӣ۾ͣ䣬һķΣ
ҶԴʿǳ˼ʶˣĳ治УĻǣӦúǰһʵôûôֵأ
з¹ĹҪҪһЩʱ䣬Щʱ䣬㹻Ҷϱսˣ
޹˽ոǰƮ࣬ͣεӣһ˼£Ȼûǰת뿪ˡ
ҶغһһսֻǣҶϸ˵ʱҶϿһ˫۾˫۾ǽͷڿɫȴҶ˼μ棬ȴһֱʧٵ˫۾
ȻҶϸոտòûп˫۾ʧˡ
Ҷüе֣˫۾ʲôΪʲôÿζץȻҶ׷һ˫۾뿪ںҶ硣
˼֮£ǷˣһҹҰҴԺֻǽܵԺкŨŵһ뿪ˡ
ҹǺܰˣûйٴ뷿䣬ĵʱҶˣ˯ʮҶ磬ˡ
ڶϣϢѸٴ˴ӣҶӮ˴κӵӵ£տڲᡣ
ֻǣһѾʼˣڴ̾ҶϷ߳ʱһλɣ峤嶫Ӽһˡ
ɣ峤һˡ
Ҳţ

˽˼ˣҶϺʹ峤˶ҽңңҶһҹ֮š
Ҷһһҵϸ鿴һ࣬۾ԲĹĵ¶Ͳȥˣʿ˵һҲİܵȵľţһ۾ӡ
Ҷϼʬ壬дǣΪʲôôˣЩʲôԭҪôȥЩ˶ʲôԲ£
ϸʣðɣӾһɵӣһ˶ڻ򣬷ɵȴܵʲôˣ
ôΪʲôҪɱأɱǣܵõʲô
УһһλаʿǴô࣬Уβ
̽ϢĶûлһеţһûˣ
Ҷüڲ̸ʲô׽׽ʱˣȴǵһ峤ʼҽ齫һҵʮ˸СӣҪͯʮͭаͲ֣ʱܱס
Ϊģ峤
ʵνվÿһ֮ˣ¶ճģ֮ףȻ¶̧ͷһ죬صģ
⣬Ȼٻˣǡͯ¡峤ЩǿĻص
ҰɣҲͯҲУһЩҶϻص
ǰżȺٻˣһǧٶˣǵ˶࣬ұˣҲֻƼҵԺǿôˡ
ǴʱѾǳˣغܲ¶ɣôվԺԼȶˣ
񣬴ɹʳӣԴʱ񣡡峤
¾ôˣȫΪ˻ȥһһ죬ƼҴԺܿ챻һһڱˡ
ʱҶȥһ˸ңҶһ£ҶϵĹȫҶлҶϿ˿겢ʲô£˿
СʰϵƼҴԺȥɣҶϼлĳϿңľͲٳʲôˣôһķԣ
ɣҡҾͲȥˣõʱΪ˼ҡԾܾ
Ҷ̾һ꿴СѾܰϰˣ˲ͷϰߡ
Сðһ䣬ϾʲôˡĴ󣬽ŶôˣΪʲôҪأҶϺʵ
ʳҶɫ΢΢һ䣬ܲڵĻصɣҼϵĴ²ֵһᣬӦܰۡɣһûгԹɣȥ緹ˣ
ӸպãҪϢͲˣʰɣҾˣҶԾܾͬʱаΪʲôϵ˶Ը£ʲôأ
ҶǸҶȥƼҴԺǶ˳ʱһ䵭ӣΪҶڣҲûдҶ硣
ҶϽҶ簲һСУʹһ𣬺ʲô
ɣʮλͭҵˣһλһȺ
ҶɨһۣɬЦˣС꣬ϵ߰ʮꡣ
ȵȣҶϿһλߣŹȣһȳһյģҲʮ֮ͭУ
峤λҶü
ɣʵڴղͷ˵Լ¶ģһˡ峤ص
ǣָǲǾеءҶʵ
ûУǾ˵Щأ峤˵ţͷ֣ͷл㣡
ͷ˵ͷãҾ
ͷ˵ţһֱظ֣һȳһյˡ


64 һν
ҶȳͷһһһΣڶμˣܾô˺ǹ죬ϵаʿ᲻
ͷˣصȥ졣
ϡɡͷǲֻ˵֡
ҶѾ֪ͷҪʲô£ǻصϣӹǻŵסô峤ӽһλˡ
ġСͷ˵·һǣҶܿӹǻǿԵģٻ궼ʲô⡣
Ҷϵ˵ͷصǾͷˣ
ΪˡӡͷЩ˵ûжˡ
ҶϷԸʮͭ˾λ֮󣬾ͿʼʮͭһǿһһԲȦƼլ׵İΧС
ЩҶϽ峤н䣬ܵĶһ峤󣬾ټʮλ׳꣬ȥѲˡ
ҹһνٴأׯȫ˶ŴӴ˲кҹǣǲܵ飬ҹҲ絽׼ʱ׼ˣ
ҹڴׯ壬һΣÿ춼εǣʱֿʼˡ
һǧ˵Ķ飬һССĹլȴİֻżӵĿپǴԼӲҪֵ
ҶڷУһ裬ʱĿĶԺӣʱڵĵطƼһľ¥Ķ¥ϣֻҪڴ̨ϣܸԺȫ˵طǰǿŵ˾סġ
ҹˣһ𣬳˺ӣҲ˯ţ졣
ҶϿ˿ʱ䣬ѾӽʱˣʱаߵʱҪӱСģǷԸһԵĴ峤
峤ԴһȺ׳꣬һɫɱùմɷ֮һ㶼ɱѪζŨ֡
ʱˣҶվĿԺİҲѾˡֻĿӣһֱվҶϵıϡ
ʹʱ֨֨ҽУһܵڣԶĺڰ֨֨ҽС
Ҷ˳źӵĽѭȥֻԶһӰƮƮ
ҶźӵĿ飬벻ֻˣÿζܱ緢ֹꡣ
Ҷ룬ϵĶѾˣһӣϻһȦӣĬ䡣
ӰԽԽҶϿװһɫĳȹٿӣǶŽ㡣
ͣе΢Ц֣
Ůɨһ۴߷ˡӯһ֮¾վ˴̨
ô񿴵㣡Ҷ˵ţһס˶ŵı۰ط˵ϡ
ʹʱĿӲ֪ʲôʱܵݶȥˣһӴܳһץס˶ŵͷֻ۾
ͻȻһǧʯԴϣëһ˲䱻ժ˺ܶࡣ
һо˴ʮ֮ͭ󣬱ʮλ׳Щ׳ѪȺصɱ¥
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Ҷϼæ֣һץסӣһþʹɿצӡ
Ŀ֨֨ĽУǲϷ֣ҶѾ׳¥ĽŲˣǲ֣ţһѪɱɱ˶ţҶϲһΣֻĿš
ӣ֣ԼˣҶϼĶţ֣Ȼͺ˵˻
⻰֣Ŀ΢΢һһȥˣſ˶š
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ܵŨҵѪζԼǿɷһ̤ϴһƮȥ
ܲۡҶһ㡣
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֮̾һƬͬʱҶҲ˵Ͽ˶Ŀڴʱ򣬼֮ʱļ
ҶϿЦֻ֪ģĲ׷ɱĺӣʲôأ
ʹʱվڷϵĺӣͻȻֵ֨֨ҽУһ֮䣬ɵҶϵ
ੲݵҶ䣬۾ȥ
һҶϼһֻӰӴҶķ˽ȥ죬Ҷ緿й룡
Ҷ˵꣬ҲȴӦӴ̨һԾȥϴһֱҶķ䡣
һ߿Ҷķ䣬ѪȵһĻʱչҶϵǰҶĳӣһӣһͷڶһͷһֻС
ҶϵĴ룬˹ͷһ̣Ҷϴסˣֻװ壬ķεĹ
Ҷһ֣ǰһˣһ̤ǽϣһͻȻת˹ͷϣ
ˣ̤һԽԺ
ʱϵɱӾǼ˵Ĵ񣬱ȷ蹷ֲŲԼǲǹĶ֣һʹˡ
ҶɨһҶ磬ѾûһϢˣѾˣ
Ҷ̾һɨһ۵ϣ
Ҷüͷºܹ֣ǷʧЧǰʧЧ
ݲϸ룬ѾмλˣҺϴ
Ҷľ֣һ̤⣬һ̣ǽǴһ˫۾ڸɿݵǾޱ棬ߣ
Ҷɨһ۹ȴֱǾޱ֮
Լ׾룬ҶϸոܳʮɣɡҪˡ
Ҷתװ壬ӵļһͻȻԶߣ
ҶתʱǾޱ˫ѾʧӰ٣
Ҷϼֵ׳Ҫ׷ɱһ˴ţæȥֹĪ׷С˵ɽ֮ƣ
ʵҶϾ˫۾ֲģһֱߣ
Ҷ˵ˣһͷӦŵЩĵķƼլ
ҹİһֻҰûְԴӴׯֹڵһΣ
ڶ죬ǶڻΪΣѾԶȥˣڻָƽʱҶȴüͷְ֪һּĽŸոտʼңѾʧһΣֶܽȦɱһˡ
ˣҶ֪Ǵ峤ˣڸղô˴峤
Ҷϴţ峤ɫöˣʱȥȴҲһЩϣЩߴ͵ĸо
ɣң峤ʵ
峤㶢ˣ㿴ʲôҶʵ
ԭ˶Դ׽ʱ򣬴峤ȴһݸҪһֱڸߴŴӵĶ
ûʲô쳣ģͷ;һҶ۾࣬Ѿĸˮ档
ʲôʱ򣿡Ҷϼ׷ʵ
һӣ¥ϵĹУҶ类ɱ峤ص
ȷֹ֮ǰͷѾˣҶüѵĻĽͣ
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Ժ˵峤֪Ҿʲôȱµ£ΪʲôˣдֽкãҶ׿еʵ


65 
ҶĿ棬Ŵ峤ҶˣбҪһ¡
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ͨ峤˵ϣɫһ˲ɷף쳣ݡ
ҶϲΪԷ˭ʲôԭҲһҪɱҶ磬ȻذΧӦòǹɱô򵥣ʮͭȻŴ񣬵ҶԼһնվλ׳է֮£һûУʵҲûзȴˣɱҶҪѺܶ࣡
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ʹʱͷָĿɢȥʧȥһûʲô
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ͷ㻹ʶôҶʵ
ͷҶϣҡҡͷϤ졭
Ҷϰ̾ѾǵڶνˣˣĻ󾿾˵ӦòһˣͷϵĶϣˣҪ˿ö࣡
ͷ¶ôҶϼʵ
ͷҡҡͷһӣ졭ѩ
Ҷϵ˵ͷȻϣʮͭ˱˵ˣֲ赲ֻ
ҶϽ¸ߴ峤֮󣬴峤ľګĵ˵ͷҲû˵һ仰
Ҷ֪Ǵ峤ںԼӵһۼ峤ҶϾ֪˶飬ʹ˼벻һ
Ҷϼһʱ峤սˣǾ׼ĵνɣȻҶڵأԣ෴ҲΪʱܱǣҪԡ
ǣ˵Ҫˣȴ˵ʿõ˫ĳͷ˪ӣ˼Ҫ£
ҶϿɫһһѿˣвζͶ߷ɷˮˡ
Ҷ˼ԣ״̬ģļԲˡҶϰ̾һϣܳŵ⿪һ죡
Ҷ귨տ˵ʱԺ˽
Ҷ˳ˣǴҴұȥŲո̤żͿһλϤıӰһɷɷӣָ߰ԺӴ𣺡峤أƤȥˣҹ
ûƼҵļڣӳһſԼҵլѵĳˣ
Ҷϰľʶһ⣬ΪʲôͻȻˣԣѵĻ֮Ҫ壬ٻˣ
ڻڴȴһþò
ͻȻɣŲ˼񣬻ͷһۣҶϾվͻȻЦҶôҲ
˵ˣլ㼸ɣҶϻص
ȻҶ˵ˣµȻûˣӦŵ
ӣҶϽ߷µĺ˵һ飬꣬ɫ࣬ԼֶŮҶ˼ͽˣһҪȾ
ǵȻҺܺôҶʵ
ˣϸո˯ţҾμ˼ڽңҾҾʹ绰ֱϣϵ˼Ļţˣڻص˵Щںһ䣺Һ˼ĸ飬ѾŮҪˣ
ҶϿЦиǾⲻʲôӦ˼Ѿˣɷ죬ǣĳˣͻȥڣ˼ĻǻڣҶÿöǷֹܣ
ôʲôѣһⷨСˡ
νˣҲǡˡһũĸŮɷ򳳼ˣʱͻҳߣѰͳһУȡں˵ķëһȻһԣܹҪ˵ߣ֮˼ĲµˣһʱҲͻˡ
ڴ˵أȻǳߣȴ࣬ͬڸˡ
ڶ˽̸ʱһλҴұ˽壬ôҲ˼أμ˼ˡ
ƼҵڵһˣҲǼ̳ƼȫҲ
ѵҲͬΣھȵ
ҶҡҡͷվſڳİףεĲֹ
⻰˳ҶϵȥɵˣƼҴССˣһˣЩǴϷ򹤣ɻϻģ


66 а
壡
ʳģ˭ׯ徿ĳˣȻҪΪͷ
ҶһŴ˶žˣȴһϲɫûУҲζ﷢飬˭Ҳò
Ҷʲô𣿡ڴӷˡ
У࣡Ҷϻشĺģ
һ֪Ҷ֮ʹǴкԴӵľԴ˵Ȼѣ̰֮Ҿһɹѹأ
¶һϲɫҶôҲ벻ô仰ץһֻģ˵ЧӦɣڴϣǾԵĵ¸صǰ
Ҷϻص˷䣬Ǽŵסķӣոھˡ
Ҷǲǻʲô֮أʵ
Ӧûһλ˲аʿλаʿʹޣһ£뷽跨ׯ˿ڶˣѵǻžôҶϾôԽԽˣؼаʿĿģ
Ŷûвʲôʵ
ǺǡҶЦҡҡͷ̶˵ڵһ˶ˣҺܺΪʲô˴񶼺ܱУˣҷܸأ
¡ȻҶ֪ҵ֪һһŻص
ȿȿȡ˽ŲŽŲһĿ
ֻܾʹգͬʱſڣ峤Щؽˣϵ֪Ĳ࣬ѾǴеˣ뿪ɣа񲻻Ϊ㣡
峤ƥԺô£Ϊʲô֪ͨһͽȫ˰ˣ𱸵Ŵ峤
峤ЦЩǿȴҲڵǸˡ
ֻǴʱҶϣȴվһĿ˸а񡱶ʱĴǡ
Ҷϸһ۴峤ѵǴ峤
аһΣҶʿҲʹ֣аȻ֮䣬ȴһ˾ʹģа񣬼ȻһˣҲһˣׯɽصȵһˡ
˽̸һӣҶϲŷֶ˵ʱǺܶûмˣҶҲһžͺ峤˲ʾϵˡ
ĵúͶҶϲ岻ʲô죬˵ȥ˼ˣ뿪ˡ
Ҷ¥˯ˣʹźӳȥˣ̫ڰУǲģҲõߣڿԳȥ䣬ҲĿģٵÿӵķˮʧķ򣬺ȷ׽򣬾ǹķһ㶼ɡ
Ҷ˼ȦӱһվҶϵļϣı۾ͦܶġ
һ·ֻ۾ͻȻһԾ¼һˣ߱֨֨мҶȥʲôһ
ҶϺܺ棬͸ȥˣ˴ӣ˿ʱֱӷˣһǰ
Ҷϼӿ˲˰Сʱʱ䣬һƬʯֳȺĵطĴ鶼ʯ֣ߵͲһ״һ
һ˽ȥлԾҶϾú棬͸˽ȥ
ʯ֣źХķĺܴ󣬵ҶϷ֣Щķʲô磬Ǵׯʧ
ҶĿɨһܣϸ鿴˻ûκεĸı䣬ת˴ӡ
صӣҶֱӵ洫éɽͼ־оҶϾû͵ʦ˼Ϊ˾ˣҲҲҹҶѧȫ棬õķ
ҹˣ
ҶϱأʱˣȥǵȻѾɱҶ磬ȫлɱˡ
򹤵Ůˣܿҳλ꣬ȻҶЩȥɶ¶㣬ûһλ֮ȴҲ֮ǰǿˡ
ͷҲȥˣҶҪ峤ͷŵԼߣҲʱչˡ
峤һˣɣҲͬҪͷѾҪˣǼҪػߣһ̡
Ҷ꣬ЦˣΨһͷҪˣλͷӦñ˭ҷʲô°ɣˣ֪ľˣϵ£峤һҲǺ
Ҷô룬ԺͷĺУӦӦˡ
Ҷ˴峤һӴԾ˳ȥڳȥͬʱеİܰڿ
һⲽҶܻ˽µͷͷܻȴһ㷴ӦûУֻ֧֧˵ʲôȴģˡ
ҶʹͨĿ鿴Ȼһ⣬ͺ֮ǰһͷûао˺ܶ࣬Ҳˡ
Ҷ˼⣬˼ѹǷ˳մ֢һ˵ʲôĿȴһֱܻɢԶۿ
ҶΣ˷ˮһ룺°ɣ뿪Ⱥ벽
ҹɫԽԽǰһҹһӰûУվ·ڣͨĿһֻ
ҶϺٻضŽ㣬ֻԴӰ£ͺʹ峤һֱҶϵķ䣬Ҳû뿪˼
Ҷϸո˵ȥۿׯˣֻҲԶȫӽһǧ˵Ķ飨ж򹤻ģͼһԺ֮ǰɱҲһһɱǹҲһԽôУ࣡
ҶڽֵϻһȦȴ֪ôٻضţȻийʹãⲻʹֻҪǹᱻ
ֻ̾һĿӻȥˣ
ص䣬峤ڻ죬˾Ǽ겻ˣ飡Ҷںϣ峤ܾ뿪ں񲢲ںʲôѵղǴ峤˵ˣָѾҵƽİ취
Ȼ·вͨ·ҪԣԣҶϾŷװ֡ʵڶҶһֱˣһˣӾͻֻˣͻᱻŵӴܣ
ڼ䣬Ҷ϶̽ԵǼ£ÿζ峤ת˻⣬ںҲϴ峤װ֪ҶָµĹȥˡ
һǱΪ飬Ҷǣֻһ֤ݶҲ㻳ɴ峤ҲûһʵԵ˵·ҪһһߣɴҪһһĽҿ峤ֻɴһЩų֮
һʱˣҶ֪ճһĴνѾʼˣ
ǰνҶ϶һĺʤ㣬²ܻһЩԵİɣ
ҶԶĴɽʱ򣬾ӴԼһǧ׵ĵطֻӰӷУһǰһǰĸߴ󣬳ȷǰװһֻӰӣȴź·ӿֻӰӵǰƼլ
Ҷʮͭ˴һƣʮͭԴ׳ɱǴһΣҶҪһɫ


67 ڷѰ
ҶһǰһֻӰӣƲƲ죬ͷһԴƼҹլ
ֻһͷ̧ͷʱѾֻʣһֻӰˣӴûʧľǷǰֻĺӰѾʧӰˡ
ҶһһνǾսˮ̬ȳֵģ־˭Ҫʲô
ȻҶϿֻһֻɱˣȴҲòеĵˣʱпܽһսıɾսΪȷȫһĴ㡣
Ŀһӵ£һ˲ʧӰˡ
ˣǸӰԽԽòȻһķΰװ쳣Ĺ졣
ιǿֱݶԴĴͻȻһɭЦʮˣʮˣѪծѪ
ӦӦˡӦˡʹʱͷʮͭˣֽԺҴܣ
Ҷҧҧ촽ǲǱӦߴׯʲô£Ҳñʮˣʲô£Ҳڵˣǣ
Ҷ뵽ˣ׷һִֻһơһ֣ʮͭȼ棬ѾصĴˡ
ţһǰһ̣׳ͬʱ֣ԺΧˮйͨ
˻ԴͻȻԺӡ
Ҷŭһɱ
˻һڣʮλ׳еɱͻȻڿγһ󷨡ʮɱڿе϶¿һ䵶ɵ
ԻѪɷаһаа󷨣éɽУа󷨣ټɳΪéɽʮа֮һ
ҶóһƿӣҶմһЩˮѪɷаɢ˳ȥ
ΰװļһٽһ˲䣬ǰʮɱһΪΪģķΪˡһգۣһȫɱɵϡ
ΰװĹ︩ٶȼ죬ӴԵЩ׾ˣѾ޷ı䣬ĿԼײ˵ɽ֮ϡ
ҶЦҶһȥˮ飬ǾӨ¶ˮںҹоȻ˸Źâ˵ڵɽϵĹڡ
ҺڵɽȴѵɽĿƣһĨĿ־ռ
ʹʱԶһ˫ֳˣֺ󣬼󲽾ͳڵɽϣӵץǽɱȥ
ٶȼ죬֮ɵġҶ˫һֱصڿµϰźɴһŮˣȻӳĺ˲࣬һҲŮˣһۣҹɫǡһɫֲҶÿοˣֻһ˫۾
Ҷϲû׷ǽ⣬һͿ˹ǰ˸Զˡ
Ҷ׷ڽ£һԾ˴⣬ţϷһ˾ͿҶϵ˵ϣˤñ׵ģڵϴأ
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ڴ˹ĴνҶʤˣ˶Էһ档
ͬʱҶϺһѾһμ򵥵Ľˣ˵һιֳ֣ȻһѪսˡ
Ҷڴͬ»ص¥ϣٿںʹ峤û뿪¥Ҷϻȷ峤Ļ֮һղͻȻ֣߹ˣף
ͬҶҲȷ˴ЩУûʿǸˣаʿ
Ҷľģȴǹ˵ļ仰ʮꡱʮǰĴׯ徿ʲô£
Ҷڤ˼ʱںʹ峤ˣڿżɽҶѾʹ峤ˣΪ˲ˣһе䣬ҲҪི
ɣ֣Ҳǵѡ峤Ӧ
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ǷֹѸˣһһˣȥʱ㣬ʱ䣬Ҳ˵һҰ֣丸ȥʱµӷѿˡ
к֮ˣͽʱĴ峤峤ˣ⻹˵ãѸУǶȫ˵
Ǵ峤ȥ׽飬ǽ˳˼Ǳˣϣ
·󣬴ŭѸشˣںɽѶʱһҧǹѸһ޶֤
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ң˿ӿܵŮȥĹѸ
ţΪǹˣҪݺϣйʱԼϺ˹Ѹɷ򣬱ȹѸ
ʱ֪ɱ˹ѸѾɣֻԷ·ˣʱׯȫ񶼲μɱѸ£ԣﶼҲôȥˡ
ǣ˭Ҳ벻ʮĽ죬װһһ𣬶ìͷָ˵Ǽ£
Ѹˡ𡭡𡭡ͷԺк
ѸѵǹѸˣ峤ֵҶϡ
ĹѸǲı˶ˣҶҲûףң峤ڵĻȻէ֮ûʲô⣬ϸãìܡ
ԣĹһΪ֤ʵѸǲĴڣҲܿȥʮˣ᲻ı˶꣡
⣬Ҷаʵ˵ʩģǶ飡
ҹ˼飬ֻﶼ˵󷨣ö鴳ʮͭ˸ǴãéɽеϷ
ڶһ磬ҶϾʹʮλ׳꣬ڴ峤ڵͬ£ȥ˺ɽ
Ȼ˶Ҳʮ꣬ǳʱѾüˣԣĿãѰĹض⡣
峤ҵ˵ʱļأ֪˴µķ򣬴һСʱҵһʯͷʯͷǼеĹ
Ҷ˿ʯͷһаһ󷨣йڣܽ˳󷨣
Ҷôڷأһδκ͹֮ȴҲ¹ˣοǰ죬ʮӣҵĵط
ھʮӺڼһЩľ壬ݼأʱ򣬾ùѸĴʱöӶһӣѸӽӡ
ڳľ飬һζľսĺɫڣȷҶ˵ط
ǣҶóͷѸͻһЩʬ岻ḯ࣬ڷѰҲҵʬ峤ë߲࣬߸һ֣ǴףһƽⷨǼ򵥣ӡ飬ʬһ𻯣ɢ


68 һһһ
Ĺھ򣬴ʮӣһͷӰӶûҵ˵ʮķĹɥӲֲ࣬ȫ࣬Ϊɥֹһרҵܹ帯ãͷͷëӦôڡ
ҶüץһѺһиǾ죬ѵֻʬ
ũͨ˵У˲಻꣬ɥܳ˵ܹôȻȻʬʬ岻࣬¾˵ĸʬͺͽʬûʲô
뵽ʬҶϲһƨɶڵϣʬҲ˵ͽʬ˺ü죬ʬһĽʬȽʬ˼룬һֻ˼ĽʬȻǺֲܿġ
ҶϸŪԪغѹûиκ飬⣬ʬôһֻʬģ·ʬȴҲ彩Ӳֻһ忴ȽѪɷаиˣ˺ܶѪʬǸĸʬʲôѪ
뵽ˣҶкǻȥˣѾˡ
صӣҶϾͿʼսˣ︺ˣ²аʿһ֣ⲻһս
жӣЩ׼Ҷһ硣
ҹһ٣ɫոպҶϿſǻܵԺе쳣ûֱӷɽ
ҶϿŻˣæһ߳ԺӣĿѾ
żӣŵýˣ񾪿ֵźӣ֨֨š
Ž㣬ѾʶˣҶ˵
¶һ˿Цݣ̽Եǰ˼ȷûж⣬ҶϵߣϣһֻĿ
ҶϽľ˵һ飬̶ʵĿѵӻר֣
ɵܵܣõԼĿǺԵֻ֣Ϊ䳤˵ֻ۾ܴܿյ쳣ܵΣյĵʿõĿ绢ϣҪˣ󡭡
ΪʲôץסͷʱֵĻᶼûˣҶϻĿ˺ƶͷƤǼ¡
ĶˣЦŻص
ô˵ҶϾжʲôܡ
Ϊһֻñǵͬ࣬ԼĥȥɣŻôһ䡣
ҶͻȻÿͰ͵˵Ž㣬֪һԼֻ˵ܻô
ҲǰûޣǹͷŹأһŹرܣĹҲֻ־ˣŻص
£ҶȤŶŸŹںδΣͽŹظҶϣСӸճͷĹͷһѷ죬ЩֱӾһС۲СӣͻᷢǸλãǹŹأҲŽ
ҶϢ˷ܣԺʲôǿУǿ취̹һ
Ž㣬鵽ʲôˣҶһת˹ؼ⡣
˴죬ʮа˾ŵĹεˣʱѾڴˣ߲ˣһ˴һͻεַԼص˴ׯŻصΣһģ
ôҲ˵ЩûʲôĿˣҶϻص
ţܶ඼ǷԲ֮ڵĹ꣬Щ·Ĺӣ궼ܱԹһ˵ܴڹ뿪ӣȺȥˡŻص
ˣҶϰ̾һɡƼլˡ
ӶŵĻУҶ϶϶ȺѾаʿˣ˴ξսȻȫֻҶмɰգ
ɣɡ峤ˡʹʱһλ󺺱ֵĺ
ô£
ղŹˡ󺺶϶Ļص
ĿͻȻԾҶϵļ򣬵ֻ۾⣬ֽų˺ͬ
Ҷ֪ӶȻʲôǷԸ󺺣׼ս۷ʲôʮֻͭƣɢ
ԱϣҶ׷˳ȥԽСĿͣһߵĴլԺǰ
Ҷһ۴լԺ濴ʮûסˣһľ鵲ס˴ţݵһͿ
ҶŶ룬ָոսӴſ飬һˡ
ҶһԺӣһ̤Ժӣϰ͹ƽˮӲݣһǻլ
ĿԾҶϵļЩµŷ䣬һ䷿Ŀ˸
ҶϻͷһĿ£ǳȥ
˵ţһ߷Ű壬һۣﱳҶվ峤ڶ˵˷ϣˡ
ǣҶ˵ţľָ֣Ź
֣һֱûлͷҶϣҶ϶Źһ
ꡫ
ȫð̣ɢˡһֻʣ·ûӰӡ
ҶľæܹȥҵĶˣɨһ۵ҵĶ˱˲ˣ
ϵˡҶϴæתֻǽϳӰǽһ˳ܿ콫Χˡ
Ŀֻ۾һԾ֮£վ˷֮ϡҶһѷ֣һһָͷðһ棬ȼ˳ȥ
Щһֻֻȼյķˣûƴ˼
ҶϵȻҲսǹ˸ľϼſڳȥ
ȼյĻ棬Լɢ㣬æóһҶ嵽ԺС
׷Ҷϻͷһѷų˴ţٻţŽ㣬ɻƼլ
ǰˣ
Ҷ׷죬ͬʱһѷһҺ֮
գĿһǿĹ׷ӾͶˣץҶϵǰҶһڹͷȻӳȥ
һһһϵ޷죬һӣһɱ
ӺһһһͣҵݶɨһƼҹլ⵽Χٶ飬ռƼҹլ
ʮͭ˾Ҳûжʱļ󣬴ʮ֮ͭУֵһһĶ鹥
ĿҶ֮ǰסķһҶ˳źӵȥǼ䷿ӵĴţһɫӰڴڣ
Ž㣬ȥǼ䷿Ҷָŷ˵
һһһ̼ݶҶȥһĵӡ
У峤ڰڰϣһλɫվǰ
ҶϲΪϸĹۿ
峤⾿ô£ںɵŴ峤
ڣ꺦Ѹˣ游һɵģ峤Цţϵӡ
游˵𣿡ƵĻص
֪Ѹʲôȥˣʲô𣿡峤Цʵ
ҡҡͷ峤˵Ѹ游СˣҵĹܼҡ
ڴһʵô˭˭Ϊʲôô޹񣿡


69 
峤ͻȻЦˣЦĺǷɨһԱվŵߣ߽һֻ֣˺ߵס
ͣڣҶҲһ۾ֵˡӦ˵һˣߺʹ峤˴峤
峤ҶϵһĿһгһ˿
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Ȼˣ˵䣬µĴ峤˺һƤһ˥ϣ԰׵ʱˡ
ҶһԭһֱߣȴĴѰң룬һ鶼ӭж⡣
ֻǣһʣ峤Ȼ˰ΪʲôҪ׽ΪʲôҪ׽أ
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һˣȻܲңˣΪ˽졭ȫˣ㣬峤ɵߣʱһɱ
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ûϷǹѸĶӡ˵ţɨһ۴⣬֣ʼˣ϶ٻη꣬ʱһˣȦӸСˣ
ȻˣˣֻĿ˵Ǹ˾ƼҵĹܼңѸ游ˣ⾿ô£ʵ
ҶǸϵˣûܾǣҲʵ㡭ڵߡ
ߵĽƼҹܼȢүˣȴҲʵȢҲΪ˸үṩһ㣬ԺʱȥܼҼа£ȷ㣬Ҳע⡣ڵʱȻǵͥȻƼүѾʮ꣬Сֻʮ߰꣬¸صƼү˳Ц顣
Ȼ֮գҼͿŮˣƼүЭ̣ԸðĶػŮˡ
үһȺ£ʹӦˣܼҳֻһӶѣĶأѾˣֻҪǮʲôŮҲ
ԣƼүų֮ҹҼ붴¾ôƣȻɹٹܼҺ˾ƣүĻˣҼŮ˵ĶƤ˶һŭ֮£ҪҼƴʵַܼӦΪ˺ϣΪ˱ӵŮˣѾû֪ˣ֮ˣһҪɱҼ
ҼܼҺȶ˾ƣһСķҼɱˣ
鵽ֳˣƼү潫ѹȥ˭֪Ҽһβ񫣬ҹѸĶػģһҪֵۣѸˡ
ֹѸˣͽ͵ӵĴҹ
Щľʹ峤Ĳֻ࣬ǶһƼүѡ
ǺܲɣѸûϣѸ˴ӣڴϿȴǹɷˡ
ѸҹƼңү涼ûͱˣƼ׷һӣΪǹҲ׷ԶѸ뿪ӣȶʮʱΪ徣
Ѹ˽ӳ䷢˹ѸĿѱʼǣҪĸױ𣬴ӴѧаΪһаʿ
˽ҵ˴ׯ壬ʼĸƻһﱾҪҵķĹҼ˭֪Ҽ˼ʮˣǾȻûͶ̥ñ˽ײˡ
˽ӽ˹ץˣŵ֪ԭƼҲ룬Ұ˵ƼҵαҼ
˽ִҼҲ׵Ļǣ˼ʮ꣬ٽ֮ʱˣ
ߵĽ̾һǴȶԲ˼ĸӣƼҸףͱ۾ְɣͷŹɣ
Źôû˷Źĸס˽Ц
¸ʮ꣬ϵѾɱˣΪʲôҪأͻȻݶҶϲ䲻ȵ
˵ͬʱҶһŽݶһ󶴣˷䡣
Ҷϣ㻹ˣЦҶϡ
ǺǺǡҺͬ飬ǣصѾɱˣͷŹЩɣҶߡ
˽Ц˭ŹˣӲҲ޹ģȴҪСۣѵӦô
Ҷϼǰλ߾ȻΪ˱аһʮĻԹ˵ʲôҲ޶ԣȭͷĸ
뵽ˣҶͻȻ֣ߵظǼȭ
ܵشڵϲҺžôһغˣ
һ鲢ûн峤аˣӣ˪˼ûԺЩ飬ڹʮͭˡ
ҶԾȥվſڣ˽ӵʬ˳ȥսĹ꣬ӦǳȥаʿѾˣһסˣܵˡ
񻶺ڸһˡֻȴ֪ĶΣŸոտʼ
ڶ죬Ϻ˪ӣ˼Ⱥˡ
ȻѾƽˣҶϵ֮󣬵ڶ뿪˴ӡ
峤ȫˣҶϣ˪뿪ׯ
ɣͶסɣ峤˵
ǰɣǺúТ˼ҰɣӦ
ҶһһлԾܾ
ҶƼҴʱΪ㳨ϣȥҼͣڴ˼Ҳˡ
Ҷߵԣһһ𣺡´·سǣһϰݷá˼أ
ϣô뿪ô˼Դ𱸵Ļص
ǺǣҼҪׯѾˣﲻҪˣҶָӺ˪ص
һɰɣ͵⣬ҶˣһֻĿ뿪˴ׯ塣
˴ӣеĴ˵Ӱˣӻͷһۣׯ壬һΣϸ磬ôţɱһλаʿ
ϻ˪һӣͶҶϵļ򣺡ϸ磬ϲֻӡ͸Ұɣ
ܴߣҶƳһ˪˪ڣһֱҶҪӡ
˵˵ˣֻҪ˵˵һܸҡ˪ص
Ҷʵûˣºӵļ򣺡ĿԺ˪ɣ˪ˡ
⻰û˵꣬Ŀ˪ļϣ°˪ֻˣЦͶˡ
ӡûЦӾסĶ䣬ʹ˺£˪ʹ۽С
Ŀ֨֨֨֨ĽţصҶϵļϣҶϿЦ㿴ˣҲԸ͸㣬Ը⣡
úúãҲҪ˾ˣԺĵʱҪ棡˪˶Ρ
ðɡҶϼæӦˣˡ
˺üСʱʱ䣬һֱ·Ҳ֪ȥģôһֱȥʵ̲סˣʵϸ磬ȥģ
һĵطϢˣҶϻͷһ۴ׯķ
ϣ㾿ʲô˪ͻȻʵ
»ûнʱˣǻȥҶͻȻص
ȷ˪Ŀ⾪ֵҶϡ
ʲôǹȥȥģӲ
شׯ壬ʲô·ϸ㣡Ҷϻص
Ҷ˵꣬վͳų·ˣ˪棬ԴһԻ󣬳˼һѾԶȵңȵҡ


70 Ԫת
Ӻǿвʵľ׷϶˾ʣʲôôû˵أǼ٣
ҶЦˣӣ;įԸڣֻԼҲǰʿ֪ҲӶ٣һҶϾҪˣӣ֮˵ǡéɽͼ־ܵĹ֣Ȼ֪
һûˣéɽͼ־ĴұðɣҶѾѧĴұ죬Լȴ˴̽ԼҵĴұ졣
ϸ磬ͱȡЦˣѧʮ֮һķͲ棨ӣˣ˪ƲƲ졣
ȻҶϵ뽲һ£Ϳʼˣʵǹһֻ֣һصĹԽ˹ڣһһ̶ȣͻ仯˵壬Ҳǣһ̶ȣܻûΣĸıģ
ˣҲͺһУŮ£ӻص
Ҳܴ˲ŰҶϾ̾
˪ȴĿⲻԶʣϸ磬Ҿɫ԰
Ҷ̧ͷϷէһ꣬ƮϸٿɫƮǹ
⣬Ҫˣߣׯ군ˣҶ˵ţӱȡĸ˸һԼһ
˿һۣЩԻ˪Ҳľ񣺡ϸ磬ʲôôû
ҶϱͬһѵģΣûǸʱˣֻشһ仰ѾĿ׷
׷˪ЩʣҶϽ˽ϣͻȻˡʵҶ˵Ҳǡéɽͼ־֮е
Ⱥ׷Ҷһ·յ·ݵأ׷ɱħ
˽žŻˣ˵ӣǷĵһ֮£ʧһɽ֮ˡ
ׯ壬ʿҶϣ˽˷ܲѣΪʿˣǴϵĶˣħͷˣ
ڴʱׯͻȻһڸǣţٴγˣֽ֮
´ˣ˷ܵЦӲϣЩ˾Ͳ֪ıѪ
СʱҶ˳ˣ˴ׯĽֵϣˣɾѪĴһʱզˡ
ǼѰһȫĴˣǲˡ
ϸ磬ô죿˪ͻȻʵ
֪Ҷ˵꣬ʹҴұ˴ׯ塣
˴ׯ壬һ·ܣʵܲˣڵЪϢˣҶϺ˪ˣһǰһ󣬱Զ
ʮ֮ҶϺ˪һСɽԣĿⲻǰһƬʯ֣ʯ֣һǡ
˪㲻ҪȥˣȥҶ˵ţʹ󲽷ɱȥˡ
ٽʯֵʱҶǱΣĿʯ֡ĿӾĵǰܣظҶϵԱߡ
˪룬ҲˣӽСѼ·һ㣬ܿϵҶһԡ
ҶɨһۣҲû˵ʲô˱˴˵˵ͷһʯͷȥ
һڵʯͷ֮ʯͷܹ죬ͨСܿʯеȫòˡ
ͬʱ߸Ͷһʯ֮ȥ
Ҷ¶Ȼɫ˪Ͳôˣ㾪г
Ҷ˪ļ˪ǿź棬
ʯУѾҶϴ߸ˣʱʩų֧飬ÿһĳԱľګһϢûС
ҶעĲߣڵϴķΰװĹ
ʵڴ峤ʱͿʼɹڴУһֱڴѰңԴ۲϶࣬Żִᷢ峤Ĳַʯ֣ʯ忴ʵһټ󷨣Ҷϲ֪˭ôᶯʯɽֻԴӼֻ֮벻£ûвڵ£
ΰװĹͻȻ˵ˣӣﱨѩˣҲĿˣ
˻һ˾ȵĲΰװĹȻߵģֻﲻҶϼ棬˪׷ӣҲֻﶯ֣˪Բѣ˴а
˵ǹ˪ʵ
Ҷϵ˵ͷﱻѪɷаˣѪҶϾͻǹΪĹǲѪģˣѪڰҲѪʵʵڵѪҺ
ȱ𼱣ֻʯͷأȥˣͻȻվҶˡ
Ҷ϶˼Ѿ¶٣Ҳˣվ۶ߡ
벻ǻȥҶϣҺܺôûģߣľҪĶࡣ
Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪɱģ㣬Ǵ峤Ҷˡ
ʵҶϻɹǹʱ򣬾Ͳ³˴峤滻ˣΪܱ仯ģţҶĵغ飬̽һ´峤ڼװʹ峤飬ûĴ峤˵ϵã͹ϵð
ʵȻƼǵײ㣬峤һ峤ƶײĴʱҵһͽ˶Թ
ĹϵܺõôҼ˴кҲ֤ʶѣôأ
֪ͺڹȣ֤峤Ѿ滻ˡ
ߣ˫ԾʱҶϽǽ˴ſ£ʵȴȭʹ˹ô׶Ըʿǻ׽ʿô
ۺЩҶϾ뿪ׯ壬ú¶βͣ
Ȼֻܿͳ˵ˣⲻֱܹˣҷ뿪ˣȴԼ߻ص
ȵȣһһ²⣬ΪʲôҪ׽ļƻˣҶʵ
˵ˣҵ͵ƣ뿪ˣҲҪЩѪҲûһ˵Ѫã߻ص
ҶϣԭıʿѪܽǣﶼԣͬʱҲĹ֣ԼļƻֹҪܶˣҪܶĹ
ԪתƣҲó˪Ƴһߣһļ̡
ԪתƣַҶûмֻ˵ȴ벻λϼһôķ
νԪתƣǽ˵ԪתƵĳһ˵ϣ˾ܰװ׵ԪֻǱԪˣó
ŰپʮŰپʮֻϾľڤ޷찡ҶϾ̾
ʩչԪתƣҪŰپʮŰپʮֻÿһһֻܸԪһٳɹͱǧϹˣ
̫СˣľڤҲ㷢ˣֻϧԪתȻ˶ͻȻЦ
ʱܵʯԶƶˣ̼䣬ΧһȦӣһ󶯵أһյ޴͵Ƴˡ
յ͵ͨɫƿֱ׶࣬ݻһǧ˵ԻѪƣҪѪΪͣùΪоܵȼ


71 ʵ
ɴ˿ɼΪ˸Ϊ˵õһǧԪɷѿģÿһֶ޷죬ֻͳҶϱʶһʱ򣬾ͷ˽Ϊ͵뷨һϷϣҶ뿪
ĿĴﵽ֮Ϣȥ֣ѪѪʩչԪת֮
û뵽Ҷϲǿ󣬾ԴҲ˿֮УͿı˰һϷ֪ʱͻȻ˳
ȻһнǶǣһ˵ҶʤˡǣʵĽŸոտʼʿ֮ľһ棬ȻʵҪ
˵ߣȻаҶйĿ࿴ĸܣֻǣ£ܿˡ
ΪһֻֻĸӵҾڹؼʱ̶Ӷݣһ棬˫ʵ࣬ͯĩڵĵУϰһЩܵаϹʵǷֱǿǿϡ
ҶһѷɫĶˣȴ˵֧Ѿڰ·ˣ˪ԣһλʿʵǿõôǾ仰ͯڵΪȴûʵս飬ͺñźӣȴʶ˼֣Ӣû֮أ
ҶϴҾˣǰʦͨʱʵǿҲδõϣ
ѷԽԽ󣬺ɫѪƽϵĻҳһ紵Ѫɫɫ˲
ҪǾͽˣ˵ţӺˣͬʱԾѷ죬վѪ֮ϣ
ŷΰװȴŮ˵ģĶӣ첻ĸӣǾҪ
ꡫ
ҶϺ˪ͬʱһôĿͲô
뵽֣Ҷϻ⣬ֻǿѾаĴֻܴͷ̫˵޹
Щʱ򣬹ѾɱˣҶϼϵĺӣһӵˡ
Ҷôˣ¹ȴһֻҶгĸݣҲĿкܴϵ
ппǿѾɱ˪һȣϸ磬аʿͽˣȥȴӦ
Ҷϻػ˪Ѿ͹ˣֻǣһغϣ˪ͱһ߷ˣ
ҶϿЦǹѾԽ˹˵һֻ͵ˣôʹأҪҲ䰡
һóѣɱ˪ҪһԽںҶ϶֡
ϣҶתԼָͨΪӯ̼䵲ڹ֮ǰһָͷ˹š
Ӳһ˺ѷεĺУŵ˳ȥ
˪գ۾һ͵Ҷϣһ˿ů
ҶϼȻЧǴӱѸͳһ˪
˪¶һ˿Ц⣬ӹͳ˹
һֳԽȻһʵҲֱʽȻЧ֧һӣҶϾлȴˡ
˪ȻҶϵУڽ׷Ҷϵ͹˳־ս
Ҷһתһ̾ͼˣʩֻ߰ʱ˿֣ÿиһѳааʿٻ£ٽ֣
Ҷӷɿ죬ⲽͳʮֶֻԱߣľͷ䣬նɱֻ֡
Цһ˫ֺʮָգһֳֻˣҶΧסҶϣ㲻ɱôҪɱ
Ҷϻ֮Цͬʱ˫ֺʮ˼ɱ֮ʣܳ˽ֻ꣺ѵӾͲô
Ĺ֣ܵ˲ָͬܿɱһ
ķô˲ˣս߻ΪԷķɶ𼸺ȫͨʵս
ΪʩߵߺҶ϶ʱܷĹֻᰴǵָܣƲױƬɾԣ߼Ķų棬ָڿлŸַţʵžǶΣսʽָ
ٸһѹˣͬĵһѹˣҶϺܷģбȶԷҪĶ࣬ȴΪԼ΢΢һ㣬һнĹ걻ɱߣȴʮֻջжԷĴƷ֣ҶѾӮˣֻĹ꣬ʹõԼͨÿλжԷĹ꣬һ
ҶɨһۣæٻţŽ㣬ҿŲסˣ
ŵ˵ͷҶϵ˼ܿ˹֮Уһֻ˼룬ԼʵսĹƿ֮ܵУԵöˣһɱ˶Էʮֻ
ɨһۣ΢΢һЦΪаʿͲˣֻ߲һֻȻȻ֡ӻȡһСӣ򿪺ӣȥɣЩʳǣͻƹΪһֻˣ
˻һгһ̣һƮӣǰͣԭһֻ
ҶɨһۣŰƴСͷһѪɫӣǲƼլĵô
ԼͿҪɹˣɱģȺסһֻԵһֻסһֻٳԵһִֻѪɫӣǵֻɷ֮ЩͨĹ˾ˣһ㻹ֵĻᶼûУ
ǸӣĿ˸ȴҲ׿ɱǴȻǶеɷ
ʹʱĿﲻ֪ʲôʱˣҶϵĽ֨֨һУ˹Ⱥ
Ҷ϶˵Ⱥȥһ˲䣬Ŀ﷢ˣһ֮£ڵͷץס˷ܵĿ
Ҷ϶죬һڵĶͷӼٳˡ
ĿһԾ𣬳Ҷϵļ򣬽ץסҶϵļµȺС
ҶϱŵߣţȾܣ
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ʹʱһһֱ˵ͷϣҺĻᶼûУͱĻҷˣԱߵĹȺҲ⵽Ĺ꣬ѱе
ҶϱŶţźӣվ˰⣬ĿĲ״
ǣߵʤҶ˷ܵĻᣬ˪ĲҺתһɱڵϵ˪
̵ģȥɣҶߣ׷ðŻ𻨣ڹǰӭһ䡣
֪æӣ˳ʮ׶ࡣ
ʱ߿ǧѷĻᣬҶȥչ˪ˣôָӣףʱ֣һپܻҶϡ
󣡡˪Ҷæ
ҶԣкȻΪ˽˪ȻѹˣˣҲ͵ͨʱһֻͨȡ
Ҳ˻ᣬٺҶ϶˶ֱȺҪһҶϵĹ
ͬʱֹ˹һ˲䣬еìܼһʱսֽľʤ׶Ρ


72 Ը
ҶΣָڿȦȦ㣬ٴжӣֻǣʱѾֻʣ¶ʮֻǿսĹˡ
ҶϾţʮֻĵˣˣҲ͹Ѿţһͱ
˪ӵվųصĲŹȺȥҶϼæȵ˪
һЦŷǿһ˲ʮֻʧˡ
Ҷϸܵǿķ֮Ѿʼˣͨ⡣
ɿʼҶҲûл᲼жӣɱˣæǿԵסͨ
ͨסˣȴ߳룬̼䣬ֻʣһֻֻ꣬겻ûɱǱ˪ץˡ
Ҷϸмɨһ˪ֻˣͨͻᷴһգʱֻܵ
ֻǴʱʮ裬ĻܵĵطأˬʵЦˣѾʤ⣬ڿȦ㣬ʮֻһ˲Χ˪
Цʯ֮Уص˻
ȥ㣡ʹʱһⲻͬˣ˻
˻ͷһ󵶣仰˵һ˲䣬ͷ­ȥˡ
ߵͷ­һһΪԽĽѪ
꣡
һٿߵһλһһܿ˹
Ҷϳغһгȥסӿһĳ嶯˪ЦˣΧĹ꣬ʧȥָһȵŷӵĳ档
סˣԼ۾ңͻȻһȥĶԡ
ӼˣȺѾܾˣʶʲô˹´󵶣Ⱦܣ
ðɣѵӢ棬òװһĽ˹ƻˣ
ߵʬڵƿͣ˺һѪҺĲʱһͷԽѪơ
ţѪƣŶӵʬҶҶѡѡ
ҶĿ˸ɨһѪеĶˣһƣͻȻƮָðŻ𻨣Ѫ֮У
Ѫƣָϵڹϣ۵һҺҪߣȴԼѪеѪҺճһôҲ޼£
ɷѪѪƵȼˣǣͱԼѪҺоԼĸף
Ѫȼ棬ںڰУһ͵Ĺâ
ʱЩаĴһˣʩߵаԶʧȥ˹Чףô
﷢ʲôˣ

ȺУں˼˳Ҷ֡
ҶЦ˹ȥһγɹɱаʿ˹˶˵ϣڣںʹ峤ϷĹУ޷죡
Ҷߵߣк󣬶Ŵ˵ҿ뿪ɣʮӣǹˣ
⻰ճڣͼŵѪƵѪζˡ
ǱˣһˣһȺܵĸ죬һʣ²ļˡ
⼸˶⼸ҶϻٽӴˣлҶϵ֮󣬲һɢˡ
ˣԽԽֻ࣬ѪƵ̫ˣЩĹ꣬һ˽Ѫƣ˵о
ֻǣ˷˼ǣЩĹ꣬ǰͺ̵ѪУǷɶ˻һ׳ۣ
߰ɣôˣӦó˪ҶһֱѪƷ뵽Ҷһ硪ɱһֻƹŹһֻ
ҶЦЦٿţҲЩǶ¿ˮˣȥһӣҲܲ˹ƻ󣬾ͻ˽Ѫơ
ҶϼæóɡУļ򣺡ӣҸýʿлл㣡
ƲƲ죬ҶһۣⲻǴ𣬱ҽõķǡéɽͼ־ģ
ҶϹЦˣδ򶷣õķȻ࣬ȴʮа˾Ŷǡéɽͼ־еģһЩʶѪƣ׷ĶҲѧԡéɽͼ־Ҷڲ֪ԼϵġéɽжôǳˣѧǱ飬Ҳֻһƽӹʿ
ǰýʦˣӼҶϹЦˣ֪ˡ
ҪҲʦұ㶮áéɽͼ־Ҷϻص
ԺָҽĶⱾ飡Ц˪ǰ
ϸĴ˪ţû°ɣ
ӣӣ˭ˡ˪

һСʱеˣӱůĶգָյԭ
ҶϵҲƼլô£Ҷп࣬˼Ҷϵߣϣʲôô
ҶЦˣԼѾϲʿˣҪֱǴңȴСң벻ְҵˡ
ҶҲԼʿһҪ񣬻ʮͰٵʱܲΪǷɣ
Цʲô㻰أȢңƽ˵ɣ˼ĵʵ
˼л㣬ɣҶ˵
˼һӺˣղǾ仰˵ʱҲǰ뿪ЦжʵԣԼҲҶҪȥ̸ĪҪ
˼ЩڴЩìܣЩɬЩ£ܸ֮ӣľګĸҶϽ˷䣡
Ҷɫ˼ҲأûʻأѵѾµԼʲôˣ
ҶƲƲ죬ʵڲ֪ôڣ˼һһҧ촽
ðɣ˼ȼˣҶϾʲôôи˵ɣǹʵϣʲô˵ɣ
Ҳ֪ôأҶץץףܶˣûȹ
ʰɣһʵش㣡ҶɬС˼ƽࡣ
Ǻã㣬ǲͯŮҶͻȻʵ
ͨ˼˰ϣаʣȻһ˵ϡ
ҡ㡭ҡ˼ĺͳĺƻһ
⻰ҶϾʲڣʳˣǾûʲôˣƳһ̱ڰϵ˼ЦЦ˼شңĺҪ
ʲôˣ㻹ںЩĻǡͯŮ˼ҧأ⼸仰
˾ͺãôǲˣҶϼ׷ʵ
ⶼʲôⰡ˼ͿˣЩⶼ˽Ⱑ˵һλûб˿Ů˶ԣЩǺصġ
˼˰죬Ҳ֪˵ʲô
Ҷڿ˼ȽʤɫЩף֮˵ŮٵʱƽҪصö࣬ͯŮ
ûشˣȻὫ¾ռһɣдôҶֱӵԼ˼˵꣬뿪˷䡣
˼ҶϵıӰһԲ׵ݣȴҧ촽ĿЩ룬˭Ҳ֪Щʲô


73 ƽľڤ
ҶԺӣڼջ߹ȥ˵ҪһֻڹҪͷˣһֻҪ͹
⻰Щϸ磬ҪڹѪаĺöڴһֻ
˪һۣ˵ӱɣڹؼʱ̳ʤҶϺ˪˸ãξ˵ʤҪأаʿҶϻԼǲȥ˾ˣ
ҶĵĻصʿȻаʿѾˣʮа˾ѪУǣľڤƣòż죬ׯһ壡
ӻȻֻѧе뷨Цʵƾľڤ
ԼȥϾУҶϻص
ƲƲ죬صˣҿͷۣ
Ҫ󣬼æӦŵó绰һ绰ܼһֻڹ
ڹͲˣ㵽Ҳʱ֮ˣҶеʱ䣬ϢһᣬͻȻһ£˪нײμģ
£˪ӶҶϵһҹ֮ͻͽǶ˶ԣȻһ˯߰죬ȴҲǱۣ۾ĹҶϵĵоһӡ
ϸ磬ôеģܸܲһؾЦʵ
˪Ҳʵϸ磬ҿĵѾǿˣ⾿ô£
ҶЦЦĻصǲҲһ찡ûϵ˪ֻҪӦҼУҾ͸㣬Ϊʦ
ܾ̾ˣոȥ洫ķ޵УΪʦǲô
˪̴ӦͿʼ׼Եеķˡ
ҶϾһϢһϢʱ䣬ӾͿʼˣһҶϵߣϸ磬ҴӦ֣͸ҰɣҵУҲȵˣ
ͽܾ֪ؾô׵飡Ҷϻص
ΣƲƲ죬ԼǸҶϺ˪ʵЩˣ˵ʦͽ̽Ұɣ
ʦôݵôҶϻص
ΣΪУεĿͷʦϣͽݣ
ʦɣҪҶȴ˵ӣû˵ԸΪʦҾԸ㣬ʣʵڲհ
ͻȻԼҶˣˣ㱩㡭У̫
ͽҲģ⣬ҿ㻹Ҹʦɣ
ðɣʲô˵ɣɹڵϡ
óһ⣬罫éɽͼ־ΪƷ͸ΪʦΪʦʹӦˣ
ҡҶӦʱܿéɽͼ־ˣ͸ʲô𣡡ӻص
ȵȣ˵㲻ǲ뿴ôûϵΪʦ㿴Ϊʦѧ˸éɽڽ̸㣬ǰֵ˺ܶෳͣҶϻص
룬ô£ҲǷˮﲻǣʹӦˣéɽͼ־˫ַϣ
˰ʦɣ˪Ѿ׼˵м£תЦϸ磬ϲһͽܣȹԵаɣ
ҶӦŵеķʵѣ˪һ̶˵յ͵ƣľײ㣬һֻǸײĵУ
Ҷϰ˪˼վһ⣬ʹһ͵ƣ
һȥյ͵ƣյ͵ƲһˣȴΪѾˣֻܾʹգ
ͯڣͻƺڣĩڣ˪˷ܵĻص
Ҷûһ⣬ںаʦܵʱͲ³Լĵˡ
ۣʦܸеķ𣿡Ȳʵ
ҶϽ˵һ飬꣬զ಻ѣ̾Ҷϵã
ͻȻ뵽ʲôʵϸ磬ǲɱһֻ˵᲻¹أ
ӵ㣬Ҷϵȷ£ֻΪ͵ƽˣйҲ͵ûˣοģȴһЩĶĻǱ仯ɵģ
˾񣬳ţȥ
˵ţӾʧſˣҶϿЦԭҲôٵʱ򰡣
һСʱƣ͵ӻˣһʧ䣺ëûУ
ûϵһˣΪʦһŪһҶϰο
ӵͷӦŵڴٴֻҶ꣬ǧôõʶһ㣬æ֮ǰҪΪʦķԸͶȡɣѧϰéɽ
ӴӦˣ¾ôȥˡ
ǽ̸ʱ˼ߴˣ̧һӣܲڵҶϵߣϣҪĶ㣡
һһֻӣΪʲôöæܹȥӹӣʦɶСݵĺò裬ʦӦչͽܣȺһڰɣ
˵ţҶϻػʹ˱ӣ̧һڡ
ѪôѪѪۣæ˳
˼ɫһӱˣתˣ˪ӣٽͶҶϣѯʵƽľڤѪ
ţҶ̯̯֣ص
ȻŲѪʲô֪ģ⻰εӷϣܽϴּŻˣ
ҶסͣЦĴ
˪ҧ촽ܿˣȴӲ͵Цѡ

ڶϣڹ͵ˣҶһӣһ£ĸˣ
ʵΣͻȻԼʦҶϣʵͷԷˣںˣ۵Ļˡ
룬ӺΪʿһУʦʦ㲻أҲʦĻֻȥˡ
ȷǹ֮Ҷһӣһ˲˺ڹĲӣһôռ˺ڹѪ
׼ҶҪˣ˪ӱȥˣȥϢˣ˼εЦЦȥչ壡
·ˣȫĵͼóڵͼȦ˿Ѫ׮λãͳˡ
Ƕճ֮أľڤЧҪѪ׮̫
ʱ˲ҵѪ׮ڳͿ˺ڹѪѪ
ôˣӾƽ̫ˣʵ
ûУ˪ûţׯûʮصʱ䣬»زˣҶϻص
˪룬ͻȻҶˣȻķӣľڤйͬʱеȳˣѪ׮ϾͱΪ뵽ˣ˪аĽţʮţ
˵ţ˪ͽѪ׮֮ϣ˵¡
ȥѰҵڶϱĴľľڤѪ׮ˡ
ڻȥ·ϣӻһͽܣϸѯƽľڤԭˡ
ľڤ޷ƽģֻʩ߱ҪʹԼϵѪѪ׮ϣѪʿͨѪҺµľڹѪѪǶǻеļƷѪ㹻ˣѪһƣľڤ𣡡ҶϽ͵
ʹʱȳӳˣһȳһյ߹ҶϵߣӦӦӦˡ
Ҷ˲ߣֱԶȥŻ˴ӡ
Ȼһ·ͷһҶˣ۾һĹ˸һĨЦ⣬۶ԶȥıӰ


74 
Ҷ˼ܾͷ⣬ȴôҲ⣬֮ǰжϣͷܻ죬ǽһ࣬м¾͹ˣ˵ɣͨҲ⡣
ʦôˣӼҶͣ½Ųʵ
˪ûзͷʲô⣿Ҷʵ
˪ͣ½Ųüͷ˵ȳôеʧĻûʲô⣡
ʦѵ˵װɵʵ
ϣǰɣˣȥҶϲٹעͷ˭Ҳ벻һ󻼣ʹĺ󻼣
ڴׯһʱ䣬ԽԽŨöˣֻΪʿ˵Ѿల£ҪѰһĵط
ȥģҾðɣǸȥɽ֣˵ɽҰǵǰʵҲڶһҰ˪
ҾǻҸ˵ĵطжԣѾǶˣɽʲôԵģӻص
֪ԣѾ˽ˣüˣ˪һۡ
ӺεЦˣҲû˵ʲô˾ͶҶϡ
Ҷһ󵨵뷨ͷгͣĬһҾǸÿꡭ
ꣿ˪ȵҶϡ
ʦҪǮת֮󣬸׬˺öǮҶ֪ôˣТ˼һ㣬ʿ̼ˡ
ȵȣԴϸ粻Ϊ׬ǮԲԣ˪ƺһҶϵ˼
겻Ϊ׬ǮѵΪ˷𣿡ӷʵ
˵ĶԣҲҪ׬ǮҪ׬ͣãҶϻص
꣡
أͬʱͬʱһϻôõ⣬׬Ǯ׬ͣ
ûҾÿһҹбҪĺôһͲҪȥҹˣùǣڶôǵõ͵ͬʱ׬ܶǮԺȲôܷ񣡡Ҷϻص
ԽԽĶڷ˶ۿ۾ã˸ɷµĶҶϡ
˪ЦˣͻȻҶϵ˼ϸ磬Ӧûһôծ
Ҷϵ뷨˪𴩣ое㲻˼˵ʵڵģ뷨Ҫһǻծ
ˣ˵һ֣һͽܣܲõͣײɣǮʯˣӦʯʿҪ԰ɣҶҲһɷ˪
ʯۣ۾ɵԲԲģʵ˪ҲʲôʿСС;ͯڵĵУҲûҶˣһһˡ
ô˪ĵôģԱʯΪҩģһֵеʿǾ粨Ϲսḻûս飬Ҳԭ
һ㣬ڵĵУȻǳڣûͻڵĵУȴҲǱʯģټϼ︸Ѿ̣һֱҪӸ游״̣洫׽֮ҲԵɣӲҪǮʯԸһȥ⣬֣ȴҲͬʮʯ
Ӽѡ׽ȴҲ˪Ѳ˹ϵıʯԼ㻨ǮȻ͵͵ģ
ʦôõķӣֽͬкã
˪ЦЦ̶˵ǳģֻҪй׽ʲôҪ
˾̸ˣȻһҹˣôѡأ겻ȷ˵ĵ̣ѡزҪѡڷĽֵ̳ȵط෴Ҫϡ٣ߵĵطЧѡ
ˣҼլԽð˼һֱ岻ϻ׽һУ⺺ԺܶʱκУֻ꣬Ҳһ飡
ʦھ͹ƿŰɣȲ˵
ׯҲסˣòױլȻǵŬǰ׷ˣҶϾܾˡ
ȥ￪أ˪ʵ
ȥϰɣʢﾭй룬ҲӰ˵ǣҶϻص
˼Щʧ䣬ƲƲ죬Ҳû˵ʲô˪ͻȻЦˣֻ֮ⲻھưɣ

Ҷ˳ϣĴ֣˴˵۾Ҳ˵ģһҹ꣬ôأѵĵ̴ڣŹأ
ңصĹ꣬һ˵ע⣬Ǳȥ˻ǣ
˺ܾãһСһ⣬ͷ˷ӡ
Ӻܴ󷽵óʮΪʱĿ˵е֪Ҫ˪һ𿪵꣬˵ļʮԪҪ澭̣ʲôʱӾѻشˡ
ҶһԣҪӼˣصһҵĻݣ
ӵĸˣνĻݣͽǹҺŶѣĵ̣ӪҲʿƷ丸ƭ˼ǮӼæҶ˵绰
ҶϿЦôôɵأһˣȼ֪ˣ˾˵̵գѿ˹͵ˣ
ѡɣǹƵˣͷˣѵҲͱһŪʲôʲôĻȻвͨˣ̾ӪĶʿƷߣеıʯĵ̣һĹˣܶأҽ
ϿţдһֽڹҳĿǰֻˣҶ˵
˪Ҳ벻ô죬ֻͬҶϵ뷨
ĵ̣ﶼֻ࣬Ҫй֣Ϣܿͻ䴫Ҫ棬÷ѣ֪
Ϊ䲻䣬ҪͨĳֽʴϢеĹֻҪҶһŻԭģõ֤ɳ˾ʮа˾žͽ˾һʱ䣬ҪϢ˾ʲôʹЩϢô
ӼԼʣµǮܶ࣬ܳȥˣС˵Լ֣⳵˾߶Щ˾ɴһ壬ͣµĳͿˣԸ˿ͣ
ҶϾҲɣôû˵ĳ⳵˾룬⳵ǸխСĿռ䣬Ȼˡ
ȻСʱӿһռϴĳӻˣҲʲôƣʮͨӵѻǺǵģ
˳Ҷϵԣʦʱ磬ǲǸóȥߣ
ߣȥģ·㲻߶ˣ·ʧģҶϻص
ʦOUT˰ɣڵĳӶеģ߲߰ɣ߰ɣȻѾҶΪʦˣ£ʱһ
˪Ҳ˳ȥ棬͸˳һ복ӣϵһʻסˣӣȥ椰
Ǹģʦ˼ģͽܵģܲܿʦһӴǣӻص
һΪҵģ˪һۡ
ӾȵĻص⻨̫ˣҲʺʦˣҴĻ
ǲҲǻ𣿡˪ƲƲ졣
ҶӰ򻨣Ҫ͸Ůӣпһ£Ժðһ˵Ӱӣȥǣ
оְʦ㣬Ȼ°ˣǴ°ʱ䣬ͼˣӻص


75 
ҶųˮϣȴӦӵ飬дһڴ
ʵҶҲԼΪʲôҲҪϣѡĵشأѵйأҶϸӲھڲУ
Ӵڰ·ϣʮӾ͵йֵſڣҶͻȻع񣺡ӣͣͿڱͣ°ɣ
Ӧŵͣйֵſڣ֮ʻ͵ҶϵУʦ㲻֪İ칫ң
ҶϰµģӹʻȴǾëڣײײ˼ҵİ칫ңʻǲõİɣ
̾һʻһԣȵȰɣʮӾ°ˣҪİɣ
±һҶϣʲôʦǲҶϼ˵ʱŵӡ
ʹʱһλ˹ɨһ۳ӣʹһó
Ӵ˳꣺Сĵ㣬Ҹģûô
ӣﲻͣ쿪ߣȻҽоˣɨһ۳ӣʮӣʮӵˣжͺвˡ
ͣƨ£ҪǾ죬Ǿ죬ΪͣΥץôӺ
˪üĿ俴һ˿ϲɫԽԽ˵ζˡ
ֻõ󣬺ܿͱԼƻˣȭͷƾҪӣӾǾ죬Сǲǣ
˾ȻǾ죬ٿһֻȭͼˣæתʦҪҡ
ҶϷһۣ˵ģ˵ģЦŻصλ̨Ϳߣ̨ŹһԺ󲻸ˣ
ʦóȭ˵ľ죡ԭǽҶϵǿƣںٻײһֻǣ
λӺôĿֵܣҲӣӲӰ˵ţ³һţӽҪţôţ
ӿͰ͵ҶϣϣҶֺܳˡ
ʹʱһϤӰˣŰɫĽëɫţп㣬߸ѥ˵Ĵ磬˵Ե쾡¡
ҶһⲻһμоͻȻìܣ򿪳ţȥкûˡ
λȭĥƵľ죬Ҷϵķ˳ȥǸŮӡ
ıˣĲɵ˵ãŮˣǿ㿪߰ɣȻͱŮӡ
ŮӼλ죬΢Ц֣λ챼ŮӵǰЦߵһԱߣ˳ӣӽԶҶ
ҶľګŮӣ뿪ˣһĪĳ嶯ΪԼղŵ侲ڵҪ֪ղͶˡ
Ӻ˪Ͼ٣Ը鷽Ҳûʲô飬ܾӦðοһҶϣȴ֪˵ʲôã
ڳԶȥʱҶͻȻ˳ӺһŮˣŮ˵ٶȺͳ޼
˪㿴ûУҶͻȻʵ
ˣһ£ͷһ磡˪ص
ӣ׷ȥҶϺ
ԣΪҶҪλƴˣг࣬һţʮȵһƯƣ׷ȥ
û߶ԶӾͽһѳϴĴּĸҶϣǼһԴ
ҶһӣֻѾҪʧˣűûʱֽ֣ӹ˰֣һԣ
˪Ŀ˸ôܼⶫأ
Ҷû˼ЩȴǸ˵İοˡ
һ·٣˴ԼСʱӣǵĳû׷ϱֻǾԽԽ
Ƕ׷ϱʩˣҶͻȻ˵
ûûбҪֵˣ˾ֻһ壬Ƕأ˪
˪ķҶһҲûô򵥣
ӣ٣һֱǣܳȥҶ϶
׷أоһ˷д̼ʵڲ٣ǵʦͼæˣԶԶظ
һ·ɳۣٶȼ죬ֻȴ׷ᣬһֱ׷һƬ֡
֣ת෴ķ򷵻Ҫأʹʱһλߣһۣս𽣣ֵһ̣ʹ˹
ʹҽһɽ֮׷֡
ͣ˳ֵǰģ˳ֵɱˣ԰ǸŮа֮ﰡ
ҶϺ˪ͬʱ̾һԭڲŷִײˡ
ֻôһͣʧҰʶһ㣬ʵǻ׷׷ˣ
ȥɣɫˣŪˣһûУһаô죿Ҷϲ׷ˣЩį׿Щ¡
ϸ磬ҾðɣӦ̸̸Ͼ֪㸴ˣ˪
˪ôһѣҶϲ֪ԼѾһˣ˱ˣҲܹοԼȴЩ졣
ʦµŮȥˣƾ㲻̫˧ȴҲòصʿݣϲŮһƬαںأӼ˪οҶˣҲæһᰲοҶϡ
ҶϿɬЦˣʼջǲȻˣһԵɣǸŮеĵλҲûѧʱôˡ
صɫѾֻǳеҹͰûʲô·µĽֵһҶͻȻԼɵˣĵطȷЩã
ֻǷӶѾˣķѣܲ˵þͰ߰ɣֻʱպϼ죬ˡ
Ҷ˽˹ͿʼˣûйӣҲаں󷨣ѾҹʮˣҶҲˣûйʱ˯Ϣ
ʱ֮ǰҶſڣһֽ壬дɫĴ֣
ӹ˹ſڣȻĽֵһĪܣ̾һͻص˹
ӳŲסˣ۾˵ϢһǿһɣȻ࣡
˵꣬˶¥ȥϢˡ
˪ҲȥϢһɣһ죬ûʲô⣬һ㹻ˣҶЩƣ˪˵
˪ȴЦˣƲƲ죺ϸ磬ĺϲ
Ǻܾǰˣֻ˷ǰˣҶ΢΢һЦص
˪⻰һůȴͻȻ˾񣺡ϸ磬һ𿴵ɣи˵ܲġ˪ص

һûһ˵ԼһСʱӣʱӽʱĩʱ򣬴ѾӰˣһƬȽƫƧסҲѾ˯ˡڴʱͻȻһ磬·ƶʱϨһ룬ſںһƬʲôҲˣ
ҶϺ˪Ȼܿκζ˱˴˶ȴ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ϊˣ
ڶ˷ܵʱһӰˣϢվ˶˵ǰ
ʶȫѪգɿݵѪۼɷ׵ףȫһƬ·Ѫɫģ壬ѾŮ֮ǵˡ
ǹҪʲôôҶǿסеĲ˾˵ˡ


76 Ѫ
ԭһֻѪʵҵһЩ˪ʿŵöҶϵȻѪģӣֱð亹
Ѫɨһ۶ˣĿҶϣͨһ¹ҶϵǰȾңȾҡ
Ҷһǵһˣа֣벻һô죬ҶϿ˹ϣϾһ£ȫΧڣҲҲڶƵĵˡ
ż˵ô£ҶžֵѪһ˰ϡ
˪ʱҲع֪Ѫ⣬ͲˣȻǣͲаˡ
ҡѪҪ˵һɺ̷ֱҶϵĵ̡
Ҷẓ́кȻźԹɣһֻԹĹˣʱ֪Ĳ⣬ҵҲˡ
ѪҶ϶ΧоǾ֣ңҡ
Ҷſһɡȵȥ
Ѫԣһ˽ȥҶջɡ˪ˣҿʲô⣡
ʹʱԹֱҶ϶ˣҶûǣľ֣ҧָѪ档
ݹ£ʶĽֻһɱˣԹԹдһ۵
ģͯӹҶа̾ȴû˿ı仯Թ˵ǹ㾹̫ͷ϶ǲ
ɱ󣡡˵ţԹֱҶϡ
ֻǾٽҶϵһ˲䣬Ҷǰһ͸ϣԹײ֮ϣ۵ĲҺһ
ţԹΣΪһֻȭͷСӤ֫ȫȴȻ̥еƣյȭͷڶԣȫһ
ԭûгӤ˵زĵطȥӷһ·Ҷߵ
Ӥһײ֮󣬵˵ϣһֻ⬣ͻȻӤһ˫ȫ۾ĵĹâȵһʱͲܾһ
ӤԱϣһԹɳ˹
Ҷһ˲Դгһʣƾľ飬˹Բֻͣ򵥵󷨶ܵסôһԹ¶ΣǴһɡŽ㣬
ŸճɨһԶȥԹ˵͸ŷˡ
˪һ˵ϸ磬Թ
ǰзҶϻص
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ҶˣһѪԲӤ΢΢һЦ˵ɣǹĵһλ˿̹ͣϽһ㣡
ѪΪѵվһڿ˵ˣҡˡ
ҶˣҲҪ̫ĽͣᣬЩŮԽԽ㣬ҸҲԽԽˣ㻳˾ȥҽԺٵ֮ˣֲӤ˴Թ
˵ɣΪʲôҪ֪һֻһͶ̥Ļжɱ˼ң˼ҷŹŹأҶϵһѪϵѪۣðɣǱӦ
ǰ֪˲֪ˣһѧŮʼˡ
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ӤѪһɱɱҲͰˣҪ˴˶˵ĻǣɢŽͷ֮ޡ
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Ҷҡҡͷ΢΢һЦȴҲû˵
ѪˣѵıעˣҪιͣΪһֻιֻͣɢοΣⲻҪô
ҡǾΰɣѪһҧصʵѪҶѾװӤĶˣʲôҲˣ֮£Σˣһծ¡
ֻҪһιͣǹһأҶϼѪĳģҲ͵Լʵ˼
ѪлҶϾͽսɡУȥɣϢ죬Ȼ̫飬ȡ˹ͣҾͰȥ죡
Ѫɡ˪Իʵϸ磬ʲôұΪ㿪Ϊ׬ǮôҪأ
Ϊֻӻ᷸ɵѵùǮôǸһȥҶϷʵ
ˣΪұΪʲôطԭǹͰ˪ص
ȫǣڸ׵ıʼУһгǶʮԪ㹻һʯˣҶϻص
ôʲô˪ʵ
ݡˣԺˣһЧ
ҲŲҪأϵĶ࣡˪ص
ʹʱվҶ϶˵ԣϣ⣬⣡Щȵ˵


77 Ź
ҶϺ˪̸ȵŶţѯʵĿ˸ã
ֻӤֻǣ겻ڣһǶ̫أûҽȥŻص
ֻ꣬궼ôţƣ⻹˵ãҶϾ̾
ϸ磬ô죿˪ѯʵ⻰ͻȻҶǰһӣʲô¶Ҫô죬ԼʼԼˡ
ȥţǵ·ôҶʵ
ǵãǵãŻص
ڼ̸ʱһֻԴſ̽˽ɵڡ
ҶϺ˪ͯڵʿˣӦй֣ͬʱſڡ
ֻԴȥˣӺЩӣҶЦЦˣǸ˳ȥ
ֻ˸˳ŵôҴӶݡ
ιȵȣʲôҪôҶϼæ
⻰һڣֻͣ˽ŲͷҶϡ
ҶʱڿȫòһֻӦģϸܲһаװȽϳ¾ɣǼͨ·
ҡոһǮ𣿡ϹЩʵ
У˵ɣҶϼæص
ԥܾҶϵӡҶ̾һÿֻôˣͲҪʿˣ
һǴžӣźĴţͬ࣬Ųôˡ
ԺˣûǮ˾޷桭˵
У֪ˣҪǮҶϻص
ʮǮ㻹Ͷ̥ûʮǮŲͶ̥ʱ򣡡ص
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ڹһ˲䣬ò࣬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬˵һһ
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ˣҶʵ̫ܵˣᣬôһЩֻԹӤҶϲ棬ͻẦˣֱԹʧΪֹǣ£ܰЩԩӴؽ
һ˯˯˵ڶϣһҹҶһӴֻһֻѪһֻ⻹һֻ
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Ӵλ˿ͣҶϻص
λô࣬ǼʦүУʢһʱȴҲһӲ˿ͣӸݾص
ҶϺ˪˿Цûлشʲô̲סˣʦһ׬˺üǧɣ
ëûУҶѧһӵľ¼
ʲôǽӴɶѽʦ㲻ɣʵ

СʱҶ·ˣڶŰ첻ܳϵʱһŴµĵͼ
ݵͼҶȷĶӦһСɽİɽϷ򣬳ǲԶӦþǽӡ
ȻɽϣͲҪڳƣӴ򿪵ֱϷ
һСʱҵСɽ̧ͷɽмʮұǼģ˵Ǹ
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Ҷֻٻ˯ĶţŽ㣬һƬкܶôң
ʮּܡЩԺĻش仰ͼ˯ˡ
ľһֱɵλϣҶ϶˵ĶԻͻȻһԾ˴⣬˳·
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ӣľҶϼæ˵
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ʮӵӣǰȻһͶ·ϣʱҡԴɹ̫أ
Ҷϵ˵ֽ֨֨֨ų˳ӵĴֻ۾ȴ˸ǰһ
Ҷ˳ϸĿһĶ¶ЦݣĶӦþǶ˵ĵطΪڽɫʣ֮ϣôשװһʮּܵͼ
ҶͻȻȻˣĻȻͬз̣еЩٹ̵Ҳ˹̵ȣŷҮգҮյıʽһʮּܡ
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۾гһϸ죬߶뿪ӭŮˡ
ιʲôģΪʲôҼңŮˣӡ
ҡС㣬Ҽӡ÷ڣ֮װӻشٶȳĿ죬ͺҶϺ˪ǰػ
ŮӣɫԵı飬תǽǴȵСףİ˽ˣ㿴ô
˻ո˵꣬һֻС׹ǽǴܳҶˡ
ȥʿǰɣƭˡŮӷˣŹ͡


78 
Ҷ˵ĻᶼûУûУǱˣ־ǣе㻨յŭˣŹ͡
ֻС׹ȻȴĿ죬һ̾ͳǰҾһֻ񹷣˾ҧһСӿȥŵȾܡ
ҶϺ˪˴Ҵ뿪Ժӣ˵жˡ
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۾֪ôˣ˪˵ţָףҪӵ۾ŵӳӡ
˪ڲʱûпŮʲôԾҶŮ˸ŰɫСڴſڣǡ
ûУûа˪ܿ϶Ļص
˪Ȼ򣬿ۣϸ˿Ϻ֮ˣ
ԣճ棬Ϻ֮͵ɫ㣡Ҷϻص
Ӽ˷ˣ͹ɵĻص˳ϣϸ˵̸
ôʲô˪Ҳˣʵѧéɽѧ˵ԶԶ㣬ҶϽéɽ͡éɽͼ־ȫĶˣ֪Ҫٵöࡣ
飡Ҷһ
鲻ɣӦüͷϺŲŶԣ˪ص
Ҷҡҡͷϸڶ֮˵Ҳкö֣£еĶ飬Ĳ飬ӦǶﺢӵꡣ
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ȥհңƷ⣬Ҫ˵ЩûõĶˣҶ
˳ţͽֻܱԼ򳵸ʦһƨߵߵӣ˷ܲѡ

ֵˣҶϾЩۣȥϢˣӣ˪ҲûϢã㿴̣Һ˪Ϣһˣˣʮʱڹӣþ˸ס
Ӧŵ˪Ҳ˼ϾʮԺ⣬һܸεְԱ
ȥ˯ˣĵҪĶҶϹ涨ĵ̹ˡ
ǹ͵ʱƲƲ죺ʲôѵ׬Ǯ
ˣˣĵؽӹſڣյʮ㣬·ˣͿʼˡ
ʵҲ̫󣬹ʿѪī֭дģһֻɫ壬ϸǿϾûйҵơǹӸˣһῴ̵ġ֣һǽ֣˿װƵ̻Ҫ۵Ķࡣ
ڵ̹£һʣ⣬һһң
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ʹʱλŮӵ֣ɱһ˵̣
ŵһ£ģ
ʶԼʿ֮󣬾εİγľ͵վſڣ̵Ĺӹ
Ҫʱһӵͷŵӱ֮У˿ҲˣԹԵˡ


79 ҵģ
ȥڱǰȵڣŮڿˣͳżѾˣ߰ɣˡ
ٻ˵аˣλʿҵģҲŻȥֻܻȥúõĻȥҸ㸻еƷΣӻױƷ㱦㡭УҰ㣬Ҳϣ£Ůӡ
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ΣȥסŮӣѴĽַŮӵĶϡ

ͻȻŮӵĶƤϷһУһ۵ȴɭ˼㡣
˾ʹסˣţ֣һ
ţŮӵĶӿʼжڶýŮ۵ĵڵϣ˺˷Ӥӳ⡣
һԹˣڵϹ˼ȦһȭͷСӤʬģܵ˷Ĺʱһ
ץŮӵ֣Ⱦܡ
Ҳ˳ɽһ͵ˣ쵽ʱ򣬹׷ˣ˴æ˹

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ҶҲˣֻһˣǲ˵ֻǶɵЦС㣬Ҫʲôô
ҡҪŮգ۾֧֧˵ˡ
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Ůɨһ۶ţ˼ŵǿѾܵˣĿӵſڣǰͷҶϣʲôʱҪˣҡ
ųſڡ
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ûУҪллҽΧأҵĺý㣬ãҶŵͬʱһ¶˵ĹϵܳԽܹϵ
ЦЦɨ˵ϲô۵ŮӣͻȻĿһףôôصʬ
ʬҶͻȻ뵽ʲôԴӸղŮӴһֱڣʵһԸ֣ȻʱֻӤʹȴûһֱ˼һ⣬ŮôˣȴɫϢϣ͹ôһأ
ŵ㣬ҶˣϢȷʬһģһ۶ŵϵŮӣϸٿɫһѪɫûУ׵Щһ·ıܣѾŨױĩˣʱģò
˰֮⣬һЩۣճӤһһߵ㶼ûУµĺۼҲͲũŮӣҶҲũģũŮӵɫô۰׾ģСʱɹĺۼеİɣ
ǡҶ뵽һ֮ɫʱˣ


80 ȡ
Ҷɫ죬ЩȵľȣһߵŮԣӣһ˫ӣŮӿ
ŮӺܲڵ¶һ˿ЦݣӦҶϡ
ҶϿһ˵أѾʶˣҪҪЭͿˣ
Ҫʿæ
Լ˵ҶϱĿ⣬ɨŵüæͣĿŮӡ
Ůӵ˵ͷ˵ʿȾҰɣ
ǺãȻ㲻ʲôʵشңҶĿô׽͸ĸо
һʵشŮæͷ
뿴һǰƬ𣿡Ҷʵ
Ů˻ᣬǰ˽ʱʱҴææ˽ˣ·ʲôûʲôƬأ
ʹʱͳһǮȡһų¾ɵ֤ա
ŮӿƬ۽Ứҵʱյ֤գһţǶ˵ģղˣôҲ벻Ľ죬ŵԣűˣ֮ƬɲǮУһ֪࣬Ƭ
ʿǰƬ˫ַϣϹϾ
ҶϽӹƬϸһŮǰȻûһòЩѪ˿ˣһҲʧ֣ΪԾģȴ֤ϣܿŮϰ͹ƽг컨µӡۡ
ڿڵŮӣȫһ˵ӣҲѪ˿͹ƽӡ۶ûˡ
ٻС㣬һ⣬ʵشңһֱʹõʲôױƷҶʵ
ꡫ
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Ŵͣߴʦòǿ˼Ů˰ɣ
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ֻǴʱٿŮӣķӦģӾһŲӡ
ٻС㣬ڵشҵ⣡Ҷһ顣
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֪룬һҶϣž׷ȥˡ
ҶЦЦŶԶȥȡ
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һҶϵЩûͷûԣڶŮӵķӦǹ죡
Ҷ˰ϣЦ˵׬ǮģǸ񣬺οҲҪ˸㣬ӣӪҵ
ԣһ˿ЦݣʦͽѾӹȥˣ
ҶϿһʱ䣬ʱýӽʱ֪ôˣһӲҸ棬͵͵ǰӪҵˣȻôͻȻһֻɫأ
ҶЦǺǵߵӵԱߣƨɾһšҶֱȣֱ߷ӡ
ײǽϣײñףȴҲ˵һ֣ΪҶˣԴӺҶʶһֱڣֻһΣǹǴ游ױʱ
ӻվϹǸʦ֪ˣԺԲˣ
ҶҲһʱΪ飬ѾԹʧˣǴѧ̥ũŮԴôѣٽһ£Ǵιſڵ顣
ʱΥҶϵҸ棬ȻҪˡ
Ҷӱ׵ģĲ̣ԼôˣͻȻôô𣺡û°ɣ
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иӴܹȥˣҶýָŴ·ǰ
ûаǹô˪ʵأǹôûиӦأ
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ôһʣ˪Ƽҵ飬ʱһֵĺӣѵֳˣ
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ҶϾͽˣðеֻѾӽʮˡ
Ҷҵһɾ͸Уҹ˪ӿ̣Ϳʼ֮ˡ
ڼڣҶ˷ԴÿһζԲףȴӲ迪ʼ
֮ǰûвϵʱ򣬽ŵĳۣûעϸڣ򷱶࣬ҳɹֻаٷ֮ʮȻ⻹ڱѧõˣɹʲٷ֮ʮ壡


81 ¯
νǵͨһЩطƵҩʳһЩıʵЧΪģ㻯ʣΪĵҩΪȻҲһҪԲƷγɳ֣ԵҩԹͷΪ࣬һǳһǴ󲹵ȴͬģΪ˳
ٵʵҲֵҩĸı䣬˹ϣ˱˹ĲϺƷûб䣬仯ľ֮˹͡Ϊܼˮĵ¯ûиı䡣
ҶһֽҪƷгռЩƷҪʱ䣬ҶҵһЩˮǰˣļгϺټˡ
ͱ絤¯Ѿˣˮרŵĵҵ̾С
һ֣һͣѾҪˣˮг򵽣̥ҪԼɱȡ̥ˣģݣéɽ࣬éɽͼ־ͼƬǸҶϲٷ㣬ֻг򲻵ģڱȱֲҩ壬ݣͬǱ֮֥Ȼģ۸Ƚϸߣ費ࣻߣ㻨ڸı䵤ҩζģпޡ
ڶ죬ҶϾͿʼռЩƷˣӿųڳһҷˮרŵ꣬Ƚϴ͵ģˮһУڻƬѾãҲʲôţ߹֣ĵڵġ
Ҷϸո̤Уһλʮ߰Сˣӭٷˮרŵ꣬Ҫʲô𣿡
ûģҶʵ
߶Եطˣˮ֮⣬һˣλ
Ҷ˸λС˵ңСܵһ¥϶۵һЩЩƷڵң
ҶӦŵŽһҡҵĿռ䲻󣬶ʮƽȴŻܣϷڸָƷܶ඼ʿһвõġ
¯ϺĲͬ¯ΪϡСƷҪһƷʵ¯ڲϵĲͬĳɹʾ͸ͬԽƷ¯ɹԽߣС͵
ҶĿֱͶƷ¯һţȡһιͺ䲻ףڵ¯ˡ
ֻǵƷ¯֮󣬲ҡҡͷ⺺ϼأõĵ¯ӦǹͭƣνƷ¯ҲǾͭѾûдֲڵĸоˣֵ¯пá
Ѿõĵ¯ˣǵļ۸Ҳöʿõĵ¯ģλСҶҡͷͼæ˵
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˵ţת뿪
ȵȣǻһƷ¯ҪҪۣλС㼱æ˵
Ʒ֣ƲƲ죬оǵˣ
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λСҵһǽǣǽһǽȻƶˣһţϸ濴˵ͨ
ſ֮߳һλߣ߰ʮӣŵʿĳֻЩͺëʣ޼ľȻ
һˣС˵ʲô£
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Ҷ˰ľ仰ıͶʵ壬һԣֻͻͯڵˣܿͯڵʿиߵͣҲ˵ǰѾǸײĸˣϣеʿѾΪˡ
ҪƷ¯֪ܷ򵽣Ҷ׿˵е룬ӴʲôûУģʿ࣬һλʿǰⲻΪ档
ֵ߰ľˣһеģʵʵһУʱŪһˣŪһֻϻ򵥣Ϊ˵˵ңֻҶϵ侲ѾԶԶϡ
Сǽ˵꣬ͷС
λҶϵ˵ͷ͸Žȥˡ
ڽŵһ˲䣬Ҷϻͷ˵ȵȰɣȥͺˣ
˪˵ͷʿһթĵطʿ򽻵һҪȻ˶֪ôģʿɱ˶ᱦıƺǶȥˡ
ȴԸͺҶҪȥʲôöһ
˪һӣʹһɫŻȻӣɵվſڡ
ҶϽУֻһŴİӺһŷεӣ
ҶϾߣЩһ㼫Ʒ¯ǶʮԪأ㹻ʿıƺˡ
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Ҷ֣ʱڵĵ¯ȫǴͭ
Ҷ߽¯ֻһ׸ߵͣͨЩɫͭ⣬ȥһĹŴͭ¯
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ѾʱƷ¯ˣڿƼôõĴͭ¯Ц˵
ڵʮؾͱʱĵ¯Ҳ켸ֻҶϻص
⻰һɫ΢΢һ䣺ȻмңȻмңҾͲ˵гͨõĵ¯ƷȻŴƷеļƷҵĿǰֻһĩͭ¯Ҫ͹ɣ
ҶϰľߺļıзƱŴƷ߷Ʒؼˡ
һδһȴһĸӣڳ·һɫĹͭ¯
Ҷ߽ٴμ𣬹Ȼһ䱦ұ֤ģһһϡ
ǮҶЦˣһõĶˡ
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Ҷϸȷ䱦ˣЦЦصװãֻ¯Ҫˣ
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ʮһͰɣʦкδƬϣкöϹﶼн߼ʵ
˵ʦͨҶɻشĺܼ

˼䣬¯ѾװãҶϽ˻Ϳ뿪ˡ
Ҷϸո߳ţϼһһЦóһֻֽޣߣ˼˳ȥֽڿзˡ


82 
˷ˮרŵ꣬ӽ¯װ˳ĶҲװ䣬һҶϻǺ޳ɵģҶϲ֪ĳЩʱ򣬱һ˶ϸ
ʦĲϣҿˮרŵҲУΪʲôһϳʵ
ҪţʳôСƵ⣬ҶֻܿɬĻصΪһеһҪظУͬУ
£ѵܵƷˣʵ
˪Цˣ͵һطеĲϣ˵˻᲻µҪʲô
ʦ˵ǵط½УôܲµأӼ׷ʵ
ǺǣӣܲµûʲôصˣҶƳһӣ·ں˵ô£
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ʹʱҶͻȻ̧ͷӺ󳵾ɨһۣЦӣǣ
ȥĻôӾɵ
˪һҶϣҶϱأһ£ȥȥôôϻأ
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ʹʱͻȻһֻֽˣȭͷСð˻档
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գ۾û˵ʵڲŷ֣ҶѾԶԶ˪ܱȵˣεֽ˸٣û֣˪Ҳûз֣ܼҶϵʵпʼҶˡ
ʦǽȥģʵ
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·˲һӣ˳
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Ѫѵӵϣ˪ƼլסЦˡ
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ɱΪҶϷˣӣʵ־ӹ׷ٷ۵ѪֻҪӴ·ȥܿһƬλմѪϴҲϴǶ·
˪ЦʮӣҪǵʱҧסˣֻǻһ㲻⣬Ҷʵôֽ޵İ
ֽȻʩˣÿʮӣҪһΣֻҪ㣬ôῴأҶϻص

Ǻ˪һ·˵˪Ŀ⣬Ȼӵ·ҵôиԣȥȺҲ˧Ҷϲ̾˪Ҳһװɣ
ҪСѣ˪ص
·Ӵ·˾Ϳųȥ˵Ļݡ
Ļһ㶼ʿƷĵطһһңسʲôĵطͲ꣬ȥңȫĵ̣߸ʿʹõĶȫҶҲֵ̲кöõ¯˵ɣѡȵĻСķˮרŵ꣬ҲȥĻݣĵطһ֣ͱʿˣȫĺôĳ˱ȫ˶֪ܹ
ĲϣЩȥĻݣͱȽȫˣֻ㲻֪ģû򲻵ĶȻҶطº֪ط
ĻݱȽϴֺͣͳһϡŹֵĶĿҶѡҪĶ벻ݣҲУһˣʡɽȥɼķա
ôֻʣ̥ˣڵĻҲ򲻵ɼ䷽ϡˣȴǳ֮Ҷһֻе򣬽ɱ֮ȡ̥Ͼȫˣϣ⣬ҲˣͲһˡ
ڶ죬ҶϿʼˣŹ˽ţ˰ϵĲ迪ʼƲ衣
ȵһҲҪһǻ򣬽ٶΰ񽻸ӡ
̧һľ㣬ǷɵģȼȼգһʱľҲܳãζȽ㡣
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Ž¯ĸӸǺãһֱȣֱˮ¶Ӧõ356.7ȣΪˮķе㡣
ҶΪȷ¶û⣬¶ȼƲһ£Ҳˮķе㣬̶һȡ˹ͣС
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óһӣˮ͹͵Ļٽ̥Уðӽ
ʱѾˮʼӷһһƵð˽ǰ׼õĿִãԷˮжٽ֥Уֽʮң¯еҺѾճˡ
ڽݺݼУ书ЧҪȥҪһ֮ڽĹУϵųȴܺõıһֱֻҲںϵĹڣǺøӡ
Ҷһ̲ǺѣȴΪһΣЩֱţЩţʱɹĸѾӽһˣͲһϺˮ
˪һֱվһԹۿʱڻḶ́ԼϵȺ˳
ǣʹʱͬʱЩȣУһֱûкκ˽Ӧòɣ
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ǰһλһϢûˣȫѪԱһλŮӣŮӵĶƤԲĹĵ¶棬ǾҪˣ֮Ѫ
ģҪ˲ȥҽԺʲôвǽţӺ
ӵ̧ͷȾȾ˵꣬ͻȥˡ
ͻȻ⡭ⲻôǸŮ˭ôôĶƤ
ź棬߽һˣģⲻǸٻôƤıȴĻ죡


83 Ӥ
ʣһˣֻҪȵҩҪ͵ʱ϶㻨ɲˡ
Ҷһð̵¯Щɰڴһ١
˪һһѵĽľ¯˿ԴӳѾͶ˼ʮˣӼǮɽˮˣһܲɵҩϵŹܲܳԶȥ
ʹʱˣùˣƿţҶС˵ʦˣŮѣŮѺôĶӣ
ȥ˪ٵʱ򣬽㻨ӽȥҶϷԸ
𣬻ȥɣﻹǽȽϺãһ˪վ뿪ˡ
Ҷϲҷģ¯зľ㣬ľȼպζӶŨŨ
˪¥ſڵĶˣæǰԺڶ˶ûŮӣĺҪһЩ
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ӣæ̧ȥֹѪȻ˪Ҳ֪ڸôˣֹֻѪҶɣûʲôӡ
Ѫģļһһڿ˪ŭ󣬼æˡ
˽ȥٻ̧˹˪룬·˿﷢ôһ飬Ȼ˾ˣӽڴʱݵʱ䣬һƫƧС֣ǡû·
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ӾΪˣǻǵΪʦֵŮɧǼ£ôأ˪ɫˡڵأҪѵŮӵĿӰ
˵ѿӣ𣿡˪ˡ

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ҶϽĥĶ㻨ץһ㣬УŸǺ˸ӡ
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ʱҶϵʶУ˵¯֮еȫò¯е״̬ĻڷأͨĿ£һһߣڵ¯пʼתתٶԽԽ죬ڵ¯ıײ¯΢΢
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ͬʱҩԽԽСȭͷɼСɼСɴĴָСڳ͡
顫¯ĸԶҩسˣһ̣һɶ㻨ζľζ嵭ˡ
Ҷ۾ҩУһ̣ԺԼһöҩһöҩġ
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һһĹУںڵѪͣ
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Ӥһɱһ˪վǰ棬зһȻȥҪӤӡѨ
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㲻Ѿµװʲô⣿ӤЦŻص⻰˵꣬۵Թ
֪˾ȥʰɣˣҪ۵ٴλָɭɲԱϣԹгһ׳һѾ޴ǯӣŶɶ


84 ̥
ٽһɲǣǻἤ˵ǱܣҶվľã˸ָҪӤһ
Թٴɱƹ
ֻǾǧһ֮ʣˣһϦӣʹ͵Թ֮ϡ
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ͬʱתٻڰУŸأֻԼĲӣͷ³ˣ


85 
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ҡٻԻ󣬵ҶͻȻӦˣֻһûӶݵ뷨ˣͨҶϵǰݡ
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ʱٻĶͻȻС˺ܶ࣬һֻԴŮӵĶƤϳˣҶһۣԩԩҪԩ


86 ȥͶ̥
Թ飬Ѿˣг֮ˣǰѾĻڹϣܸһĻᣡҶص
Ҷϴʱʹõķ˼һ˵ۿʩ߲ûʲôԵģȻֿͱ˰ˡ
ɣҪɱǣҶһͶ̥УҪҵ˳ˡԹ֮УһֻСԴĿ˸ڶҶϡ
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ǰһλɱĴ˾ٸͶ̥Ļᣬȥ˾£˾ҲңĵȴѾҿʵԹͶ̥ϣȻĶˣĵĺҶϽ
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87 
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ҶϺʹ޴ԹӤ˹Źأ޴ҵĽŲߣȻ˶Ͷ̥ĵط
˵꣬ǰһһҹһǰ֮ߵĺܸӣȴԭתȦȦ
ҶϺԹӤŲƶһ̧ͷˣ
Ҷˣôˣ̧ͷȴԼڣһλŮˣҪˣҽһԲ͡
СȥɣȻܳˣһԹӤԹӤһͷԽŮӵĶС
ţҽͿʼˣһһֻԴͳˣҽץסСԴͻȻһʹӳˣ
ǸճӤİװ֣а˽صӣҽһۺӵĳϲϲһӣס⺢ôأ
⣬ˣ껾
ʱǸճСӣҶϺʹ껣¶һ˿Цݡ
ɣԪ뿪Ҷ˵
ƲƲ죬ҶϣÿζӣһΪ⳥˵
ɣɫһҶزȥҶϼæ˵
ֻǾʹʱһֻԴڴڣĵҶλֻҶѾǹˣܲйӽȻϤףһͷܣΪֻǰɱ˵ģ

˪˵ȵЩȲÿһӣһͣ˪ֱͣһˡһֹȥˡ
ʹʱͻȻţ쿴쿴
˪̧ͷŵٻڱϣۿɼٶڱɫɰױڣƤϸֲڣҲسˡ
⡭۾
ٻԼȴ֪飬ѯʵˣֻǣ˵Ĳ죬ˣƺʶʲôˣӿڴͳСӣСӼ֤Լһһ˥ϵò
ǣ˾ȵǣٻȻһӣûзԼһһ׷ΪƯ̥Ů˵Ƕ˾ȵһ¡
ŮһֱžеԼЩƵڱ仯ˣͽת˵ȥɣصȥɣѾˣҲˣĸ
ٻĻͶΣȴһ̹ȻӣҲûнǾ仰˵꣬վҶ϶һӺ˪һ߳⡣
ԶȥıӰúˣҶ㡭Ұ㣬ˡò
ٻ⻰֮󣬽Ųͣһ£΢΢һ£ֻûлͷһֱŴˡ
ҶԱߣͷȻ˪ӾϹҲˣлԶǵǵĶ顭
˶٣ƺ˵ʲôֻǣٻӰѾԶȥתͱ˳ȥٻӰʧ˺ҹУ


88 Ԫ
̵ģˣСԺˣʮתƣⷨ۵Ӽ껺ʩٻʮԪСӵڡ
ˣǹˣҪɣҶЦŻص
СӣҴ򣡡Ҫ֣ȴʿĺӴ߱ȥ
⺢ӶҶ϶λЦЦȴͻȻüͷһϸ磬ҳ˾㡭ûȥй㣬鷳ˣ
ӤĻʿͻȻ۾䶯˵ӤͻȻһ𣬽Ӥڵϣһܣһߴ𣺡
ҶϴæסӤ仺طڵϣͷŴ⡣ûй̨ܵҽԺſڣվһλݵߡ
Ҷ϶ֻɫ΢΢һ䣬ˣѰˡ
СǲҪӰŭ
ʱĴ޴Ѿ̫һ̬Ҫô޴ǲܵˡ
㲻вóǳˣ׼ܴҶ
ԸóôصĶҸЯôŭ
㻹Ǿ˰ɣҶϻص
ȵȣƣȥ˵ţǽ
ҶϲȷһйܲãҲƮȥˡ
ҽԺĴԺУλˣĻǾǶ棬۶Ŷλ벻ּˣ˵ã˰Ԫ飬ۣȵˣ
Ԫ飡λһ˲ɫˡ
νԪ飬ǸǼ򵥵ȻȡһеõĹУΪܹЧЧʣ̻ȡԪͨΪ¯ΪķʽνڵԪۼҽ֮תΪΪԼգԼĵСЩ̺ӡǵڵΪԪһԣõԪ飬̣һͨˣҲееʿ
ǣùõԪ飬Ԫ飬ﱾǰһĵУɴ˿ɼǰѾǿʲô̶ˡ
ôĵӣйڴˣҲ񣡡껾ŭ
޴ôĹո귨£Ȱٹ£ȥ
ǿĹֱô޴ԶԣһҶ˵ϵܣҲﲻʲôæҾһˣ
ԱϣҶϻػԾϿУͷҲصˡ
ҶεƲƲ죬ֵأֵܺͬ񣬴ʱԷɣҲӰɣ
ҶϣΪʹ޴һӾͲɱˣ㣬ֹһˣЦ˵ͬʱӽر˺ɫ壬ȫðỤ̼̃䣬ɱҶϡ
ҶϾûʿ֤˾֮󣬷ʲôľûһˣҲΪάƽ⣬һֽԣΨһѡ񣬾ƴ
ǲɵľǣԷԪ飬ȴûУҪԹ֮սѻʯ
뵽ˣҶƮһ˿˰ɣ
˭֪ˣ׷ɱһỤ̃ͻȻҶǰ෴ķ
ҶϺȻ壬Сʱʿ꣬һǿȴҲסһ
Ǻ˼ǳĵطȥŨ̽Ǻֱðᡣ
ܳȥҶûˣֻܽϵһˣ֮׵Ĳ裬ɹ
죬ҪҵʱգЧҶѣһ⡣
ţͻȻΣΪһֻߣͨİɫʮ׳ӣֱʮףһˣſſն˵ĥΪʱ
ҶĿ˸ͨɫĹҪԪ׷ɱˣ
Ҷ˷ֻܵһ㣬Ԫ黹ûк͹ȫںϣֻܽԪ˾ģһҪ⣬Ȼ
Ǻڴʱзʮӱȡһ֧ûѪ棬ʱûʲôͨûʲôѪΪ壬ѪҲܿ棬Ȼ𽣷ɣĲǵˣԼ
ԣóֻܵʹãҶ轣ϣţͻͽվ˰ߵͷ
¼ˣʹҡͷҪͷҶǸᣬվһ̣ͷһ
δ棬Ͻ𽣱Ƿʲô潣治һƬһĿס
ꡫ𽣶ˣһΪеһ룡
ҶץסƬף˫ľס۰֣
߼ǣͻȻһ۽£һʯɸߣǿʯȥ
ҶĿ侲ҪײʯͷˣһĨ֮¶һĨЦ
ţ¡¡һ죬߽ͷײʯͷϣɸߵľʯں¡¡бˣ
ߴЦ˵ײ˵
ҶϳһײɵʯͷϣʯͷԶˡ
Ц̣ͷѪľѪû˵ҶϣԼײԴ
ʮ֮ڣضɽҡ
ҶϺȻʱڵĵҩѾҲζĿ߸ʹסΣУԪҶˣҪ̸֮ףֻȻЦôֻ壬ԷֻһߵͣлʤĻᣡ
ŭ𣬼ɱٶܺͻеƴˣ̼䣬ײҶڵʯ顣
Ҷһڿƶӣ෴ķɱȥ
ȻӴ󣬶ôˣײʯϣʯҷ𣬶ӣȴҲǰʮҡ
Ҳʮ׵ľ룬ҶϷһңʱѾȫˣӱ֮ǰĶ࣬Զȥ
ͣΣҶϵӾһֻϣЦͬʱ׷ɱȥ
ʮӣֻʮӣһٽʮڣǿëȻ
ʹʱ޺ȻȥվڵŹ͹ҶϽ߾ȫ㡣
ιϵܣ绹ɣ޺ȻЦ
ϻ˵ְɣҶϺȵ
һٵҰ㶨޺Ȼص
̵ģʱҪթӰҶϳ
Ȼ᲻һҩֻܵʰ㣬ʰˣ޺ȻЦǺǵĻص
ҶȵְɣҴӦˣ
޺ȻЦˣӻóһֻɱСҲܴ󿴣ΪıûôţƣȻȴ˾ԱУչ׽
һ֣̼һʮ׳ʮ׿ʮ߲⡣
ţã˸һǿ˰֮ڵĿռ䡣

а֮һգ۱ս˱ȻҶϾޣڰײ֣ȻҲˣⲻǵڱһ


89 
һ׼յлƷֱҶϵͷŴ˪ڷ̳ǰȼꡣ
ӣٻҶϣ˪Ը꣬Ϳʼлˡ
ӦŵϺϲΣ̶ʦɣʦ
ûסˣͷ˪ţöˡ
˪۾һȺ׷ҸϵŹˣӣӪҵûйң
ûаӻص
ڽ𣿡
ҵĺͽܡأ
ͽ㲻ʶʦ𣿡

վһȺָˣ߰ģֻ˵ˣ
ӣΪʲôҪʦʦˣ򷢰ɣ˪ˣӺʦֻ֣ҪͽܵĹͽܻţдһǣҵˣ仰
лĲ֮ǰѾ˵ˣлΪȥʧǸǣĳˣл꺰ģһ㶼סʱҲд꣬Ҷ֣˺ľ࣬пܽ˵ĻнҶϵ壬ֻһʬǰܷ壬ȫϤ˵ƾ𣬻ǿԼʬģֻܿлơ
ʦ־ͱȽϷָˣԣ°Ҷûлȴ鷳ˡ
˪ɣһյƣЩͲҵҶϵˣֻǣȴˣҶôܻأ
ʱ˪ݺݵ⣬ڸô죬Ҫʱ򣬷Ҷϲߣһʧ䣬ʱĶһء
ͽҵĺͽЩҽţ˹

ҶϽ뱦ڿռܴ󣬷Բǧ׵ӣȥܶǺģʲôҲ
޴ҳȥҶϼæ
޴մմϲ޽˵Ҷϣ㿴ɣôһͱ׵ˡףô
˵ιұˣҡҶϻˣͻȻͣˣΪֻܳںڰϰһѾܿˡ
ιô˵ˣǲǱˣ˸ˣ߶ǺѲĶ飡޴ű˵
Ի˾ƷȥһΣҲˣ޴Ѿûдˣǿ飬ԩ꣬Ҫ˾ҵļһУеΣճ̶ȣ֪
ʱͻȻһһҶϱΧЦǺǵͷҶϡ
ҶǵУǽ첻飬еصزӦˣΨһϣֻܼڴˣ޴㣬ӾͿ챻ˣ
򲻿ţȥ򿪣껻ص
ʱڵȺҶϾȻǵĴ˵ڴ껵ĳޣȫҶϵͷϣڹһҶϡ
ҶϺȻƾŵҩڹȺӴܣҪð
СʱһСʱҪʲôʱң껻ص
ȥѵģʱͷûˣھ跨򿪣ҶϺ
ǣⶫô򿪰һ껳ɵĻص
һٵ򿪣ҶϼˣʱѾЩˣͷ⻹һֱָʱأ
ⲻǵҩ⣬Ҿˣ껻ص
ȴ򿪣Ȼսȥ͵ˣʲôõĵأҶ뵽޴һǵĹߣǺ
޴һӲ˵ʮŻص˵һٵ
ѵģ򿪣һһҶͻȻ֣ԼôͲһٵˣǸпǧ
˵һҶϽܵشٵЧЩҡЩļȴûлҷĸоܳһӣʵЩѾһˣԶǰˣǵʲôвֻǣѲڣټֻߣҶϾͷˡ
ʹʱˣͷһӣһʱ䣬й겻ڴˣȫ˳ڡ
ҶҲҳɣ˭֪ʱֻͻȻβɨҶϵ壬ӲĴӿдףȻҲ׷ɱһ̳˶ڡ
ҶסӣѾʮа˾ŵĹﶼȥˣԼٲȥֻûлˣǷʹ̵˶ڡ
㣬Ⱥˣ껼ĶţҶϳһץסҶϣڶ׼Ӷݵ
ֻǣѾӳ˰⣬оֻԪĹ
ʮа˾ŵսԶȥİߣ껷ˣͳһֻӣ˳ȥ
ڿһٶȼ죬ʧˡţǧİһ˵ϡ
ߣûôף껴Ц˰ߡ
Ҷ׷棬ֻˣÿ˾ԱжһЩǵĹǿǿȻԷڡ
ٶȷǳĿ죬ҶϵһӾǧףվڰߵԱߣóҪ֮
СģҶϼߵβͻȻһ£æ
⻰˵꣬ڰ⣬ߵβͻȻһɨ˴껵塣
Ǳ׳ȥڿдĳȥˡ
߽ᣬͻȻ𣬰ڶ˼βͣʧˣ
䡫껵һʯͷϣˤˣһţһʯͷϡ
Ҷϵ۾ǿЦݣ߽껣ӵϷ𡣴껾һֽһҶС
˵ٸҩҲ֡ŭۿɼٶȽرˡ
ҶЦ̰ᣬܴһ٣ֻֻˣһⰡ绹İɣ
㵣ĵëûһصʱ䣬ٳ֣ûĻص
¾ôȥˣʱ䣬ѾˣҶϾˣӶôлأ
ϵܣҴӦĵ绰´ʱǵô绰ȫ춯ģӵĹɢˣֻ۾Ҳˤˣҵޣ
˵ţͷһͣһֻ۾ϣˡ
ҶϽӹ绰ȴأۣ⻹ǾʮĴ󰡣
Ͳˣ˾Աȱˣȥ绰ģõģ˵һȥץ껻ص

ôȥˣ껼ҶɫĬ
һȥˣҲ·Ҷü
ʲô˵ȥʱ䣬ô˾껲
ҶͻȻһֲԤףƾ˪Ըˣѵˡ
뵽ˣǽѵ㻹һȥȻ
ҵùˣˣ껽Լ۾װۿֽԼͷ԰װãץҶϣԶɱȥ
һ͵˹ŹأҶ۾ˣҴ˾


90 Ԫ
ҶŹŹأʵ벻ͨҪʲôĪҪԼ˾
˵ؾ˵Ĺһǧ·ѵҪȥ
ҶϻȻ򣬸գҹգǰƶ·ֻЧ
ǣȻΪ¶˲䴩Խ˵ţֿʼ̤ˡ
Ҷ˿ҵŲӣһһ߳ȥֻӵҶ̧ͷһⲻǵſô
˰ɣ෴ԽԶԽ죬Ĺɣӵİ칫һãף鷳ˣЦ˵
ҶϴæſڣӱҵһͿһȺں˪򶷣ǽǶأ
٣ӸߣйˣȥˣҶ˵ţ˹ȺԳֺ͹
ͽһˣӵùӻóһƣȻƣȵӹȥ
⻰ڹͻȻס֣ͷƣһɢܿӶˡ
Ҷż𣬴껿ƹͶ̥ȨĹԱˣһĹˣǻƵæǰллл㣡
ӿë˵꣬Զļ֮ɫһ䣺˵ˣ˵Ӿͻزȥˣټ
˵ţ껾ͱˡ
˪ӼҶϻˣ˵ܹӣֱӴҶϵϴ˹ȥʦɻˣףأ
˪¶һ˿ЦݣЦˣ
ɣȻҾͻزˣҶϼæ˵
˪ͷһʰ˷̨лƵ£Ҷڵһɢصʱ򣬻վˣհ
ҶϽԼľ˪ӷˣֱð˪꣬̾һҲֻ֪ʲôʱǵŬˣ֮ǰһҪͻͯڣΪڵĸ֣
ҶһҲ˼ν˾ֹˣھʮٵʮծˡ
ϣ껲Ҫʳԣһλ˾Աʮ죬һ˪õδ
ҶЦˣͬγأҪծ˵ĵУûбʯټûָ㣬ûʮصģǳɲʲôģ
Ϊ˾õԼһٵͲ裬߻ԺթһЩ˾ÿһֻıӺ󷽣˹档
Ҷһϣڶ˯һʱ䣬ֱӪҵʱ˲ˡ
Ҷϸո¥Ŀͱˣӷ̳ϳľ˹
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ʮֻŵöˣйתӶݣһֻĹʵǹҪ񣡡
ҶϻȻ򣬼æסܵĹȺŶ߽˹
ۣô˿ͣô֪ģӾ
һֻһű֤䱳ҶˣǴҵģ
Ҷһ֤֪ôˣĵЦˡ
ʦôȻ뵽ڱ֤棡ӾҶϡ
ҶϺ˪ЦҶõЯȥô
ʮֻһһŶӣһЩոȥЩûǮģЩͻйǼﴫһЩԣߴһЩ飬ʲô£
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մմϲЩʹȵʱ򣬶·ϣųӳһ֧飬֧鶼һɫŮ
껲źöӲùİɣҶϺɵ
˻֣ʵأһȺȥȵĲһץһļ򣬾±һ紵ߵӡ
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ҶѾϰ˶ŵ仰ֻҪòԵʱܻ˵仰Ҷѯʣ˵ˣҲ̶ֳȰ
ҶϿЦ˭ӣҲ֪Щ˼㣬һ·µĲǱ紵ô
˵˵ô£ô˾ͻǸӣҶϼŶӵĹ·ǶԶʵ
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ҶɨһΪ׵ͷʵǹҪʲôô
ʿءһ仰û˵꣬еĹˣһӹһƬǿͷǿ
Ҷˣ˵¾ˣ޶ƨãεƲƲ죺˵ɣʲô£ǲҪˣٿҲˣ
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Ҷϵһڹ֪ԩˣȻҲң˵ɣʲô£
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Ǳ֮ˣ˯֪ľˣұԪ˶ܴ·ҲҪһߡΪ׵Ĺص
Ԫ˽ԾΪԪÿѧĽͣŮӵӣʿ۹⿴ǲ֮ԴʢԪ
ҶЩΪˣѹסеľȣϸĽ֪ЩȻ֪ԼôģʵЩˣһԣ֮󣬾ͻ֪ԼôģЩġʣȺһʮһֻȻһ˯ʱúõأڶͷԼѾɹˣ
ң˷˼ȺʮȺʱʮ֮ڣҲһĸˡ
ҪҶʵ
Ҫ׹֪ԼôģҪԩڹӦ
ҶԥһȺҲ̫ˣܲȡ¹ͻһⰡ
ʿѾ֪ĹˣȻڻָʣʱһȡһιͱ㣡ڹص
ҶĿ˸ȡһιͣǶôջ󰡣Ĳϣο̵ּǰеĹ񣬶Ҫ
뵽ˣҶϴӦˣðɣڴѺΪ֤Ǿͳ˽Ը
ڹߵ׵л֮һһĻѺΪ̸֤ɣӽˣҶϾʹЩŮȥˡ
ֻǣ˳Ĵ򿪵ͼѰҵĵͼͳü˵ʦԭʼɭְ
ҶϺһͼһɫˣͻȻʲôʱһſӣ򲻽ԭʼɭ֮УʮǰŷֵĴӣԭʼһӣǻԭʼ


91 
˵õһϢ֮󣬲˵ˣĬһ
ʹʱҶӵ°Цˣ˪ܺ棬ӦǺŭʱôɵЦأǺҶϵĿһʱסˣһɲ֮󣬾һ
ԵŮ۾ܵˣӲԣʵҲûôӦôˣ
ԼɣҶϻص
ӵͷԼҡأȻٿĿ￩ĽţҶϵĻС
ӣɱ㣡Ҷϡ
Ŀһ˷̳棬һܵˡ
εӣɫ糺죬˶٣ЩʵʦԪǾҺԪǲǡ
ˣӣҶϻص
ӵõҶϵͣͽղŵһɶϹϾˡ
ϳԷʱ̸ٻܽһ仰Ʊж񱨣
ȥˣȱʾҪҶϣҿͰ͵˵ʦһͷ飬տͼˣ
˪ЦϣһղտֻԸҪ
˪ĳ𣿡Ҷϻص
˪ЦŻصʵڹҲܽӴһЩҲˣʶˣҲǻ£
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ʹʱŴɡˣ̤橲ôˣ
Ҷ룬ʱڣδǺ£ʹ׷һǧǻصԸȥǵȻҪˣ
ҲǸ˼˵ͽҴɣһֻҲЦŻص
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ҶϼǳҪ뵽һӣţȥǧһ˲䣬ȥʱͻ֮ǰٻصһ𣡡
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ʵĵĲͲʲôˣ׷Ҳһˣµȴԭʼɭ֣
£һĸŮˣΰԪʮɱһ˾ǹֹһֻһ鷳£
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ⲻǿǵʦԲ⣬ųЩӵĻص
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ҶһһһţһƫƧĵط˵Ľ׷ŵһ˽ŷƮ¥ϱˣ
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ҶĿ˸ӱóһذףذӵʱùģϣֻԴʿɲʲôóˡ
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Ŀ￩ĽţϵѪΣɵĶҶ˵ǰ
ԽԽϲĿˣ˪ҲĿϵѪָźӡ
ĿѾ˪ӻˣ˪ѺãӾϷˣǴΰεӵĿӣƵ£кܶ࣡
ʱŻˣӸովͼٵ˵Ҫˣˣˡ


92 ڤа
򣬱ׯ˵Դڹʱָ࣬ôΪﻨĲ䡣ΪԭʼɭУû֮˽룬Դ
ڼǰһλߴﵽ򣬽򷢾˰ͼ֮У򲻺ò뵽һЩᶫ͸
ȻͼȴһֱŸɣϴԻҰˡ
Ǻ˽ҲƽֻǾʮǰͻȻʼˣȥģϱȽᣬòŮӡ
ʱ峤Ĵ£飬ϹŵһЩŹǽϹŵһЩ֮
ҶĵӣмӰĵﵽĵط
ʱ򼸺ȫ񣬶˷ú¡أһԲ׵̨ӣ̨վһλʦʦװһẮգűһƤ·ǿʽûи첲ĸ٣ʲôҶڳ
ģЩ˲ôӾ
Ҷϵһӣ߼Ͷ̨룬λãһʮķ̳̳֮󣬾һѸɲѻΧһȦӣȦӵ룬һֱһҵӣϰһλŮŮȫ㣬ʱֵᡣ
󿴣һ񣬺ɫӣа£ֻ⣬ӷǳ
ʹʱһλЯųͷˣµı̨Ůˡ
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˻һһȺ񱼳ѾˣҲʮڱסô
ڤа񣿡ҶԺҲôһλ飬Ѿһԭʼ䣬Լػ񣬶ڵɣҲνСǿֲʵͺͶħ࣬ڵõĳĳݣ㣬ͱĳЩطط飬ȴǵط񣬲ĵıط˵ͻͷ߸ɴһЩС񻹻ÿҪһλŮˣܶطĺ񣬽ŮͶм飬һֻƺаĺ࣡
ʦְɣȻȻˣôˣ
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Ϲʱڣδͣü飬ԭʼ䣬Ҳ¾ˣҶϻص
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ҶĿ˸ʿһУѾ͹˺ܶĽ͵֮ȴδڴأûνа
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ҶϴҴҶӺ˪ĵ˵ʲôȻӺ˪ĵˣ
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ཡཡһִſնа巢
а񣬱Ǻ¡صļ룬񰲾һ˲а巢զˣֵа
ʦͷһۣаԴ΢΢ҡǻ˹һʱæ¹򣺡ڤаˡˡ
μڤа񡭡һ˲価¹򣬽ΰݡ
ʱֻڤаͣˣȴһֵ˼µԴɣǣҺܿնǴӵдһ񣬽ñ֮ɱ޹ﲻˡ
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˵һаʲôˣˣһͷˮ
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λŮӵĸףȺб˻𺣣ȥԼŮˡ
˿̣ͻȻһ磬ԶƮһյ̵ƣ̵аļϣͣһƮ˵档
˽ŵ̵ƣһ̵ƴ򿪣߳ˣΪ׵һλ꣬ʮһ꣬һۣ϶һֻĿһһŮеЩ֣ͬһۣŮİ׾ʹڵķɫγĶԱȡ
Ҷϣ˪ӣ˳ֺˣΪ׵Ҷ˵λУǰ׽ʿѾˣپȳ޹Ů
⻰һ˲ΰݣž걼ȺŮˣ
һ֮󣬱ĻѬڵŮӣӻоȳԣȴлŮǰҶˡ
ӵĿģɨһŮӵĳЩвλ˪ɱ˵Ŀⶢʱ򣬼æͷ
ҶϷŮ˵ǿԻؼˣϵĹǻᴦģ
Ůһѱ飬һᣬ˵ʲôҲҪҶ˴ؼҺúøлһ
ҶΣֻӦŵҪһ飬ת˵Ҿɢ˰ɣϣ֮£
ӦŵһݣͻȻ䣬ҶϾԼǵػˣһ룬ϵػС񣬾ֻԼһԼŸŮȥǼС


93 Ӧ
󺺽󣬼бֵܣȴڼǰһδԵʱ򣬱ǳˣĿǰĵֻʣһˡҵŮҲǰţĿǰʣ¸ŮΪԭʼ䣬һǿʳĵطγǩ鵽ŮѾѾ˵ҲϴʦͼλȨڶġ
Ҷ꣬úܲ˼飬벻ƬϣȻϵĲ䡣
ѾѾһ·ϻ࣬Ҷȴһ⣬һҲںԼӣһǰ档
ʺܿ͵õ˴𰸣һͼû·Ů˴߹Щں
۾ֻҪһλӵŮˣҪֱۣҶһ˯ʱ򣬻ھ̾ʦҾûаоһ
ŶʲôҶϺʵ
Ů˵ṹӻص
Ҷһ˯ˡ
ڶ죬˻˯˪ͽˣǸˣ峤ˣԺӵأ
Ҷ˯ۣܣԼӾȻ˯һֻƽҵķУܶǽţźֻܵͣһ˸ߣСֻйСӣ˼ӣǴˣʱ̫Ҳû⡣
Ҳ̫ˣҶϸ̾
ﻹãҺѾѾס͸磡˪ص
ҶϺ𴲣߳ſڣ͵õ峤һȺ˵ĹݣɱԭʼĹأߣ𾴵ˣҪݣ
һҶϾúܲϰߣ峤һλѮˣͷһˣڹ٣
ӵܣĵغҶ˵ʦҸоԼ˻ʵˣ
Ҷֱˣݽ峤ڱ˵ķ²ŻվЩ˵ʿǾʲôҪܵͷʿʾ
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ҶֻôݵЦЦ͵ϵ飬Ҳֻ˵д֤
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ҶеһʯͷˣֻǾʹʱһλ߱Ժӣʿ峤ˡ
Ҷϸոһ⻰֪ԼѹˣȥߵļС
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Ҷ߽䣬һѪζıǿף־ĿܣƲƲ죬ǰ
ŮʬڴϣϸƤҶ϶˶٣ҿƤ
ڽҿƤһ̣˪סͣת뿪ˣȴһʵЩѿ
Ҷϸ鿴ȻѾˣȴǱȽŮʮ߰꣬һȴˣŮӵ֮ǵܴȸѪһƬģֻһȾѪɫëپȫû״Ǳ첲СһǴ̵ģ֮Ķ
ҶϿȥˣͽƤϣ߳Ժӣ߼е̸̸Ҷȷ͵Ⱥһģһ˯ʱúõأȻ˷־ͳˡ
ڻɣߵԪȻǸӣƾǵȡԪĹߡ
ҶϽȥ˵ڶңڶҵһλٸֻͬģȴǺѣǸλȴ˺۲󣬹ͨȡԪЩҲһ
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ϸ磬ҾӦа취ˣ˪Ҷüëһ˿ЦݣǶ϶Ҷʲôˡ
취һֻ˭ԸأҶҡҡͷܾǸ취ʹ
ϸ磬㲻Ů߳ɣ˪Ȼӡ
ǺǣǣԸ꣡Ҷϻص
ҪӦ˪
νӦһа󷨣жӺһӾͱ򣬾ˮûˮԴһֻӵаͻȵƽ̣һа֣ͻƽ⣬εΪʿӦһ㣬ȴӦǳԣĸԴҵа
ʦǸϽʩɣôõķӣΪʲô˵˷ܵĻص
𼱣ֻŵ㣬ǡ˷СҶϼܹڶӦ
ӦȱҲԵģһҪʩ꣬Ȼ˴棬жӵЧʹׯľľڤƣӴж֮ڼѼʮڷľݣʮһ֮ڣˣ
Ŵͣδ˵ķ⻹˵ãҶԲ٣аʿѧˣĳط׾٣練ƣ


94 һֻͷ
ӹ˼ɵ⣬ʵз˷֮ˣѾƺ֮ʩԼͻᱻɶֱѣǶ£
꣬զ಻ѣҲ֪ʲôأھ˵ϧǲʹˣ
㡭ҶϾȵ
ûʲôⲻǾ˼êôֻʹòķӻص
ҶƶǶӻʲôӵƷҶŲʲô£ҲͲٹˡ
Ҷ峤֮峤ȥˣһλ˵ˣ˺ǾҶϹݺֱӻش𣺡Ůֻһ˹͵ΪĸŮһ°ɣʿȫ
Ҷϵ˵ͷظ˶Σ峤Ӧˣϱԭʼ䣬Ҳûټݣܶ˶ǴԣֵΪǶڣв
ҶӦŵʼ׼ˣӦҪö궤˵Ļǣֳɰ˷ݣֱ붤궤ҵӵ˷С
˷ָϱĸ򣿡Ի
ָǶϣĸλ˷ȴָǶϣϣϣҪȫĶ飬Ҫ˷ҶΪʦ˻ᣬҲڽ̵Լͽӡ
˪ȴһ͵ʦʵôȴҲ֪ôʹã
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Ҷϵ˰˼⣬ΪʲôϽɱˣȴûиӦĲأ²⣬һӦаϹģ
ɱ㣬ɱʹʱһλЯɱҶʬһҴԺС
˼æס󺺣ҶҲ˳ȥѯ
ҿˣҿˣҵŮǸԴҵŮŮ󺺺š
λ壬˵ô£ǼҵĹѾˣҶϾһʲôĻ
󺺲ţҶϴŴ󺺽ӣʬ֮󣬲ˡ
˵˵㿴ʲô𣿡Ҷѯʵ
һƨɶڵϣϢ˴Լʮӵʱ䣬˵Ϊ˰ȫҸŮϰӣһжҾ͵һʱ֪ˡ
λ׾˯Ůڵķ䣬Ů˨һӣһͷ˩Ůϣһͷĸ첲ϣϣͻȻӶһ£λ׾ѣſڣһֻͷƮԺУͷˡ
ҿҵŮն˵󼸸֣
󺺱䣬һŮıкʱιȥˣͳһɱˣ


95 ͷѩŮ
󺺽֮ҶϷһ⣬Բ٣ûпôЩ˵Ӧǽñ˵ͷȥɱˣ⾿ôһֻȻǲųĿܣ
ʱ˪ĵسߣϸ磬һٹ֮顷㿴ɣҾǱ鲻ʲô׽Բûо
Ҷ⻰۾ˣ赽飬һͷУоĸСʱĸСʱҶϻججĳˡ
Ѿ֪ʲôˣҶЦǺǵ˵
벻óˣʲô˪ʵ
ͷҶϻص
Ϊͷ
νͷʵһ꣬˵ϣ߱Ϊɺšͷ˯ʱ壬ɱΪ֣һḽϲɱ²ޡ޵ϣ7ڻɿݹǣҲǱӦɡ
ֻǣҶϸоľǣһε飬һŮӼң˭û»ܳȥɱοɱϷɵС񣬵Ҷµʱ峤شһ仰ϷɵģǵԻҲδɱֻ
ҶһصˣѵǷͷ
Ƿͷûƽ֮˪ʵ
ĿǰûУһձĹǿڰҵҶϻص
죬ǰɣʵ
Ҷü峤˵ټȫŮԣʮϣʮ£ڷ̳ϣ
峤⻰֪ҶҪ׽ˣԸȥһٵĶҪμһεļϣ
ȫһǧٶʵŮԣСʱ֮󣬾ڷ̳Ҷųɶӣʮţÿһһʮˣ
ǺǣʦоǻʵۣѡأЦǺǵ˵
ѡôϵôҶָһ긾Ůص
һ󣬶֮Ҷǲÿʮ˸𿴺ЩŮˣҲΪԷһʵ֪ҳͷҲδ֪Լɺţߡ
ҶһȺ꣬ȺҶ֮ܶ󣬾һ鿪ʼŲˡ
УҶһֱע飬˿Ҳи
ͻȻȺоʿʿиŮˣиŮˡ
˻ھȣﶼŮ˵ʱһλһλֵŮ˳ˡ
ҶϱŮԱߣЭ꽫ǸŮӾȺ
ŮţҲ֡ҡҡ
峤һɱչȣ߽Ҷϣ㣬ŮŮúõأôأ
ŮǣѾͷˣ㿴ϴŸɫӣֻзͷˣŻڲϴɫӣҶϽ͵
ڷͷļĿǰֻһʱһλ󺺳ˣҶϵ˵Ůµǰ죬ͻȻڲϴ˺ɫӣһɫ˵ϲɫҷ˼ˣ
ŮǰҲǡ
ԣҲǡ

һʱ䣬վ˵ҶϵһʯͷˣȷǷͷΪңŮһһȡԪĶ
ô֤峤ˣסҶϵ֣ʿһҪȾŮ
Ҷϵ˵ͷʵһ²⣬ͷȻһֻ꣬ȡ˵ԪⲻѰ
ϵϰԣͷϲɱˣȴȡԪЩʣҪͷƳŮӵ壬֪ˣ
ΪȷץˣмŲ飬̳ӱȡģʹ˰֮Ϊģ
ţͽŮ֮УҶһѼһӼ˺ӣ
ںӱϵһ̣ŮͻȻεϸһֻӰӡ
Ҷϼæһ־ŮӣƵ֮⣬ԼҲ󱼳󷨣
ʵȻһֻӥײ֮
һ̣̳Ҫϵŵöأ׸ߵĴ⻹ǵһμ˭ܲ£ҶϣҲڰľ
ӣң죡Ҷϼæ
ӱȡ͵ҶϵУҶһⲽͻȻԾһӣλģͨӡ
ǾʦķҷʱҶϾܵˮרŵ벻óˣ
λϳһ⣬Щ⣬һд񣬴һήÿһλУҪ֮һ
Ҷľ۶Ű
ʹʱͻȻƮһƬƣʮӵʱ䣬ͽ̳С
ҶһЦȻһֻģ¾ǵȡԪĹְɣǺ룬ˣ
⻰һڣһˣ̳֮ϣѾˣ
ȺУͻȻƮһλˣɫͷһͷɫĳŮӳֵһ̣ͻȻ˴ѩëһ㣬з
ѩŮҶϾ̾ȴӵԻˣ
ѩŮᣬɽУɽ£ƹܶѩѽѩɽû˵ĵطǣǵͬʱȫȡʳá
ѩŮĺӽѩͯѩͯǴһѩ֡ഫڹŴΪδһرһЩoֵĴ˵ΪȻֶoǸƿصģԲѩѩŮ̸
ֻҪڱѩصĶӻ·һʳΪѩŮƶĪѩŮŪƱ䲻ӸԣʱһλܾŵԣвҪأħ編򣬲øйԼ£򱻱ѵѩŮضǰȥӵԸַ
ȻԱضᾪʧȡѩŮΣŵȥ֮ضسŵйѩŮоϲӶԵѩŮαװƽŮӣλ³ŵӣӵĺøУһΪºӣһӸԣǷسŵƽһӵϡ
һľʱʱɻֺµģֱһ죬¶ĽѩŮǵ̫̫ϣܷĶΣû뵽ȴҹλµУԭ˹ƻˣѩŮֻúɱСӣĵشźػرѩ֮СϵѩŮ˵ǼձС˵ŵիСȪƵĹ̸֮У˵ֱ䲻Ը
Ȼ¼˪ġٹ֮顷ҲҶֻһۣϳѩŮ
ʹʱǸֻڴ˵еӣҲˣǴŭѩŮ󺰵㡭ôֻǰˣ
ҶϺȻӵʻɱŵԣһĳ嵽ԱߣҪӣ
ֻǣѩŮ³һһƽôı飬һ֮£ӵͷȥӱһӲıУ̱һ֫壡


96 ѩŮ
Ҷϳ嵽ӵԣѾһˣֻתеĹ㣬Ϊʲôɱôˣ
ѩŮ۽Ǻᣬڿһ㣬ͻȻһʮľ
Ҷϴͬʱ׷ͻȻ
˪Ӧӣ˰
䣡
һ죬ķѣӥзɳһѩŮĸ첲ϣ
ҶѾվѩŮԱߣľȻ棬ȻѩŮѾǣֻӥȴǣľҲȫû֮أ
ӣˡѩŮҶϣӥļ
ӣҶҪ֣仰һһԺ
ûҺǸŵԵ˵ĺӣҽɱˣɷͷѰԪѩŮȥᣬ顣
ѾۣɱǻǸһӣΪʲôҪɱҶѯʵ
ʵѩŮɱԼɷʱѾ³ѩŮɱ˵Ŀģһֻ࣬أҪԼ࣬ҪŮӵԪԪ֮еĴ֮ϵȻͬӣܿ챻Ԫ
ñŵԣһǰѩŮԼӵʶ죬һḶ́
ԭֻѩŮմ˵ؽѩһӴԣѩɽ·ֻ˹ϵ֮£ͷصӣӦй¶ܣӣ
ѩŮ֪Լӵĺӡ
໶֮ɽˣɱһŮӣԼģͼ޸ӡ
ǣһʱԼ㲻ԪӵԪǱ˽룬ÿ£һӣ
Ѿ໶֮ѩŮͲˣԼҵ˺ܿҪɣɾͻȥԭʼĹأɷˣҲҪعѣ˾УѩŮͽµĺȡϸһֻӥ꣬˷ͷɱ˵ȡԪ
ҺܰǣñǵŵԡѩŮҧ촽ŨŨĻѾɫͷڸˡ
ðɡҶϼѩŮԸ⽫Щ˵ɼ˹ѩɽ뷨ˣӦ
ֻǣ˪ȴʱ˵ˣ֣ǲаΪԣΪ˻졭Ϊܡ
ѩŮëķѩͻȻ˱ˡ
Ҷľ˪ôʱŭأȰԶ࣬Ҳǻ£ؼ֮ʵʵ̫ˣ
ʱֻѩŮһֱϵӥӥģˡ
Ҷϻӽϣ֪ѩŮҪˣǰѪս
ӥ仯һٱ˪ҶϺɣһ̳
ľУһãһ´ӥûḷ́
һֽУһֻӥӰɢˡ
Ҫ˪ͻȻһ˵ŵ峤֮Ů
ҶתһֻͷһβͣȻŮӵǰ
Ҷ¼ˣɱȥԭƭˣɱӥ꣬ȴķͷӶˣ
ֻǣٶٿ죬ҲһɲסˣֻӰµβͣһӲŮӵ룬ŮһĻᶼûУһغˡ
ţӰӴβʹ򿪵ѪУŮӵ塣
һ̣Ůӵͷ­Զ룬ϴųسӣѪԵֻڿб󣬾ȻֻƴСĳ⣬˳
ҶϴһЯϣ
˪һվһ𣺡ʲôְɣ
Ҵ򲻹ǣӻشĺʵ
򲻹Ҳô򣡡˪ţ׷ֽţͳ죡
Ҷһ䣬ľΪͨΪԴһɫ⣬ľ׷ͷ
ѩŮЦһ飬ֱӺҶϴײ֨һ鱻飬ɢȥ
ȻͷᣬѾƲ㣬ͷ­ķͷ֮󣬾Ҳ⣬ԭʼɭֶˣ
˪̤ѪһΣһһͬʱУɱѩŮ
վӵļϣֵս˵Ҳ֣¹ˣµľһŵӵ꣬ѩŮŵòҳ
Ҷϼ˪ѩŮҲ׷ɱͷˣǳȥ˪һԿѩŮ
ѩŮһЦץס˪ĸ첲³һ˪̶˪ͷܣ
ҶϽⲽ׷϶ȥʱӼˣӶڵϣץӵţɱ㣡
˵ţӷཱུӣգ׷ѩŮȥˣ
ʮӣҶϴϢĻᣬһֻӴӰҶԷɹҶһΪʲôˣһȻӣÿٶȣ
ʦ׷ȥˣ˵꣬һӰ˸ʧˣ
Ҷϵ۾ʲôʱôˣԶһɵĺ磬µ׷ֻӣоã˸
Ҷ˼̶ĿҲͷɹڷɹʱ򣬻мڳЦҶϣ
Ҷ¾ˣǵתˣҲݲ˼Ӿ׷򲻹ѩŮҲУ
Ҷϲ̤УԼһֻתһȥٶ֮һ
׷һӣˣѹɽ֮Уִĸо
׷ѾĿ꣬Ŀ껹һǧ֮ڣǲҪעⷽ򣬸׷ܾˣ
СʱҶ׷ӣڴϢҲϢڣӣôô죿
ѩŮţ˵ܲ첻˵̤꣬նȥ
ҶϰľȻΰģȻܼǱܣӶ˪İҶϸп࣡
ţҶ϶תֳ֮ܿԽӣһ߷ɣһ߾̾ʦ˼һ죬ȥѧѧ
ǾôԽһɽɽ֮󣬽ɽһһƬ
ҶͻȻͣ˽ŲŨԽԽŨѾֲָĵزȥҪײʯͷˣߴɽˡ
ҲˣŴʦ׷ôôͣˣ
ĿＸͬʱִͣҶϵļ֮ϣĿ˸
ҶϺųԶԣѩŮͣˣɱǣǵʵܺͺȫûԵܣ
ǰɣôӦɱǣѵǿأԻ
˵ţͻȻŲԶĽˣ
Ҷ֣˵ˣǵ˵ĵطǣ
ֽ䣬һѣʱ׼
ʱ߳һӰҶ϶
һ̵ģҺƴˣ
˪Ҷϼæ


97 ֶ
ǸӰӽسˣҶ϶˵ǰʮңҲȽˣȻ˪
ţô㣬û°ɣ˵ţҪȥ
Ҷϵӵȥ·ʹһɫǵѩŮԼϣһλӵŮӣŶӵģ̶޸ӣʱ˪ץô׵ķŹô
ֻѩŮ̫Ԫ˵ϢһģһĿǰ˪ѩŮ䣬Ҳ޷
ǣǺ֤ܿˣ˪ĿͻȻһУ෴ķӶˡ
ҶϲΪЦٰʾ֮ԼЦǺǵȥ˪û°ɣ
û£ѩŮ׷ᣬͶˣ˪˵ţȴƹҶϣȥˣ
ҶĿ˸׼ãʱ֣ڴ֮ǰǺ֪ѩŮʲô
ӣûĵļһˣôҲ֪Һ¡˪˵ţȥˣ
ҶͻȻһ㣬¶һ˿Ц⣬˵ӣ˪һŻˣúðһ°
⻰Ц춼ϲ£ˣţ㰡һΪѩŮأ
ôܽҺѩŮȽأ˪ԹͬʱӵĻС
ʦȻ˪ѾˣǾȥɣ費˴ĵطӺĽ
Ҷ̧ͷ죬һŻصӣ˪߲ˣôŨǵɢ߰ɣϲǻ
ǡǾҹӾ
ҸŵĵطɣҶ
ǰиܴҾﱻģ˪ص
˱ã߰ɣҶ˵
˪Ը£ǰ·һ·Ҷ˵ȥһ£ҪҪȥ
δˣʵҲ˪ĲԾˣʱ˪ᣬ˹ɹ
һ·ҶϾͿʼˣͬʱʵӣ㰮˪ô
ʦ㻹˵γΪӺܿ϶Ļص
ǡǻƵգΪʦ֤˪ͳ˰ɣҶͻȻ˵
⡭۾
ҶƳһԶͻȻߴ̶˵ӣ¾ôˣʦʦĸĸһʦܲ
ʦİţӼæӦŵ
ʱҶϽһصĶӵУӼæװ˿ڴ
̸Цŷˣ˰ٲ࣬˪ʱ˪һЦ⣬Ҷ϶ˣôôһΪǶ·أ
ûУҺһ£㿴ô㣬ΪԹҲж鰡ԣΪʦȫһԿԧ졭Ҷʦһ磡
ʦ𣿡˪һҶ϶ʦˣ
ҶЦǺǵĻصǰӽжһλͽܣ
˪˷ܵĲ·ӵ죬һҵǸѨ
ⶴѨڲ󣬸߲һ֮ͷǿȥ
Уһů֣ͻȻһ񣬸оһ㡣
Ҷа̾ܰɽֻϧסȻ·˵֮ˣǿԵܷ塣
붴ѨߺǿֻǺһЩҶ˶ͨʿӺҹͷöˣһʯͷ͵
ԴӽҶû£ֱһСʱӶסˣȴ˪̲סʵʦյûУ
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˾ˣҶͻȻһʵ˪ҾͲˣΪʲôѡӣȴѡأ㶼ǿҪɻˣ֪ĵ㲻ãԺ椵ʱעˣ
㰡ʲôã岻ãûӽʵ˪ѿڶ
ҶϿЦ˵ʲôöУѵģֻҲûмһ˰ɣ
ü˿ҶϣٿԼпЦֻ²ãðɣ
һӣҶνļʱˣɻǺܼ򵥣ҶһΪѵӣӣ˪ɽҰĵطҲûʲôܸʱлһ˸һԺЯҪʱ򿪣ɱһƽ
Ҷ˵ţʹӿڴȡֽţĸˣ˹ǰذɣһι϶򵥵Ļϣܰͷϡ
˼æҶΪˣҲǼ֤ˣҲǳ˹ŵĳɻ֮
붴Ҷ󺰵
ʦûжͻȻʵ
ҶüһۣӺ˽̫ΣգҾǱ˯ˣԱɣҶ˵ţվˣһʯͷ֮ž˯ˡ
Ӷ˱˴˶˪Цſӣ˵ӣǽȥһɣʦã
ǲҪ̫ʦ˵ˣΣգص
˪ǣӵ֣ȥ˴ԼһףӾ˵ˣţͺãٽȥ㿴ģ֪û֣
Ǻðɡ๫Ĺ˵ţ˪֣ӵϻƶˣϿʼ䶯һߣֱϻȥֱۣصǰһ飬һĽ⿪ӵŦۡ
£ֲ㣡˪ܵӵЩ˵
Ҳ£Щҧҧֱһֺһֻ֣شܽ˪죬ֱֻ۲ȴԽӵˡ
˪һֻڽҿŦ۵ͬʱһֻ־ͻӵĿǰֱץסĳ
һѪȣĳһ죬һѴɡˣʱĿܣ
Ůӵ΢΢ЩָĽ⿪ӵ˳һһͦأзũū־
ҧ촽гһ˵Ӱӣ۾ֻֻ˪ļϸ۵ģҪ˳У԰Σ
ӵ֣شŮӵĺ󱳣ֻС󣬴·ܣһʱֱֻ׾Ľ⿪˿ӡ
Ӿ˾ȡؽҿŮӵ죬ʱŮӵĺѾԽԽ٣Ͳˡ
ŮԼ˺·ʱ򣬽ӵ·˺ȥ·ڵ̿˾Ͷ·ϡ
һ˪˿ӣԼˣʱ򣬺ҹжܿŮ糺ɫ̰
ӷǳѩŮһѩŮڲ


98 ɽ
ʱŮȻУһдۻĶʧãȻܴڵʱˣʱ۾żһ̡
ͻȻҡҡͷһгһСֽֽװʲôصĶһۣڿȪˮĳ׼ȪۣһʹȪۡ
Ů΢΢һѾõĿˣһһ΢롣
ֻһ̣ͻȻȪУðһɺɫ棬һ˲䣬ͽյһɶ⻹ֹأһƬҲ˽ˡ
㡭Ůӱ׷ɱˡ
תܣлڴ󺰣ʦʦ
ʱŮͻȻͣ˽ŲΪǰһˣѾסȥ·
Ҷϣֵһ̣һѺɫĩͬʱһȼЩĩı˻棬ڿȼ
һСĳŮӣͻȻ˺󣬼ˣȴļϣϣ˲ðѪݣ
ʱŮУò仯̼䣬˪ͷѩŮֻǣգѾյһ죬һϣϺ䣬ѪϣŻĸо
ҶеĺɫĩԼŮڵֽУǴ֮ɰɰʿԣȼѪЩ֮ʵãʱ򣬾üѪī֭ɰϣЧӡ
Ҷ֮ʹȵ׵ķʽѩŮҲһݵģȻѩŮԪΪа֮а֮ضС֮С
ɴˣҶϾ뵽֮ŮӵĴ洢Ԫλãһ֮аͻƣݵģѧ˵
ҶһǰһͻȻðҪ˻ᣬѩŮ
ʱͷͻȻˣһ֮£ɱַһɱѩŮժͷ­ѩŮһͷʬ
ҶϺȻľ֣Ҫһͨͷ
ԴΪǣ֮ͯ󣬺ܶѾҪ֮ͨսˣԼͨѾ㹻ܴˡ
һ̣ͷ뿪ֻͷ­Ҷϵǰллǽҡлл
ҶסˣһƺͨһЩЩҪˣ΢΢һЦͷĻڹͽ˪ɣǷ
ͷͷڿһǰһǽˣ˪ǵǽ֮Уʱһȵŷͷ챻ʩסˣ˵
ͷһ˪ϵӶˣҲˡ
˪ͻȻܳǳӵģʲôͻȻͣ½ŲתҶϣų嵽ҶϵĻˡ
ҶеΣ˵ʵڵģһξ˪ӹû
ӿɬЦˣͷԼ·صһʯͷ·ȥˡ
ǣһ̣гһ⣬ӶҶǰΣȻһλС񣬴Źۣ˴˵ɽӳȥ˲֮£𣬾Եׯ񣬱ƽ
ҶϾ֣һ񣺡ллˣ
ɽЦˣǷͷ͵͵ȥţڹأתŷͷͷ㱨йдףӽҴѩͯ䣬ƹһؽѩ֮£Ҫú
⻰˵꣬ɽڷͷͷһ£ֻͷΣȫ£ɫͷӢȫȫһ˧С
ͷԼӣ˵ĹݣǿͷǸ˵ЦһֻƵĹ꣬һλһյ죬Щ꣬ǧ꣬Ҳ򲻵硣
ɽΪ˴лҶˣȥɽͣҶԾܾ
Ȼɽģ뿪ѾмˣҶЦŻص
˵˵Ȼִھߣɰ׻뿪˵ţɽһ
ʱֻ׻Ӷⱼ붴ѨɵĶҶϵ˵ǰ
ɽһֵֻԺϻͨһֻϻվҶ˵ǰ
λֻϻǾ˳뿪˵أɽЦ
Ҷ˰ɽָϻһ·񱼶ȥ
ֻ׻Ѿ޵СɵˣٶȲ죬֪򣬰Сʱ֮󣬾ͽҶϵ͵
񣬼ֻ׻ҶˣѾǵһΰˡ
Ҷ˽ľϸĺ˵ףһŭ֮£̳ˣ޽ɽӴ˹ɽˡ
ɽ֮ԣȴﻢǺܾϸݣȴܿΪ׵һλӢѣһһŮеЩ֣Ůͤͤ
ֻǣЩѾǼ֮ˣҶϵ˽˴ӵ飬ϵȵ٣׷Ŷзˣ
һ·ϣӲٺ˪˵ǣ˪ȴһֱܺҶߵĺܽҶкܲζ
ص¡Ķˣ뿪⼸죬׬һٶιͣҶ¸ˣһͷ¯Ųʮպǵĵһٵˡ
ʮûнӵʲôѶȵ񣬵Ҳ˻
죬Ҷϸ˵óһٵĿǰеĻڸ߶ϣѾˣͲò·
Ҷҵ˸ǰµ·һ绰ȥιãҶϣǰҽмҩ֪ǻһУ
ԷͿʼҶϵˣȷҶϾǰ֮ӣŻصҩǻֻǽȱˣһֱϵĸףԭ㸸ѾˣȻˣСҩ裬ǿ㸸׵ϣҲҪˣ
һ̸֮Լ˼ص㣬Ҷѯʼ۸ʱ򣬶Էش𣺡ҩˣһʮһ¸ǼۣҲƭС
ҶȻͶԷδ棬ȴҲóԷһλˬ֮ˣڴӦˡ
Ҷȴ뱩¶̫࣬˵ԼֻǸġ
Է꣬ϧֶǴʲôģˣ㸸һʿ׬һκҵ࣬㸸׵ʧʵϧ
Ҷ룬ΪԺ˵Ѿְˣֻ£һʱгƷ
ԷϧĹ˵绰󻹲һ䣺ֶԺҩ裬һң۸ģһеĽľ
ҶӦŵ˵绰벻·չô˳Ҫ˳Ķˡ
ֻǣôҲ뵽ףҲʼΪŰµ顣
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ҶϸճţͿʼߵףʿȾɣȾɡ
ҶɨһŮӣŮӾʧȴаļǻصвȥҽԺߴط˰ɣ


99 
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ҶϾкǵ뷨ֻ룬ԼһУǼùģھӿˣһᴫķзǻ˵ԣɶôˣȥ˵ɣ
ҶϵĻش걧ŮӣʹҴҵ˹
һ̤Ůϵһɡɡˣɡˡ
ҶɨһǰɡⲻǶŵĲ֮ôͻȻʶһ⣬ŮӾͨĿ
ҶϽɡ˪ֱ˪ɡ¥ŮŲ֨ˣĶкӵĻС
ʿȾɡܿණкӳϿҵĻص
ҶϼƴѾƲȥˣôֵģֻҪһȷʲôˡ
ǻʵ˵ô£
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кӸĸǴˣȥһһȥ£һµʱˡ
ĸߣŮӾͰкӵļУ˹С޵ǰʮ춼ܰݣһ죬ڿӣŮڳϴ룬ͻȻֵĵڵϣָſöˣöˡ
кӾȵǣӰôˣ
ԺÿϣŮӶ÷񲣬߰󣬾Ҳ־ˡ
һ죬һȥЩණгƴˡҿкӴſ˵
ȵȣһ⣬ôҵİҶʵ
ңŮ˵дʿģкԻĻص
Ů֪أҶ׷ʵ
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ŵõڵϣŮӾţһӾŵĶˣټܷɵĺӣƵˣ
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ĿӵϺеˣҶϵֵĺȡ
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СӺܴʱȻ׼ſóһţ˫ַϣʿǶʮ³֮ٸʮ򣡡
ĶˣֻҶû֨ĳ˵ǵȵȰɣȥȰȰʦ˼ұȽϹŰ壬Ҳ棬ǮҲδشӦ
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룬ʲôʱˣˣҶüһԺת
ҾǻǾܾɣ϶Ǳ˽˶˵һնϹأǲǣǸŮӻ˪ص
᲻ֽ׷ǵˣҶҧ촽Ŀȴûлش˪Ļ
˪ƲƲ죬ҡͷڰϣҶľ
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Ҷ˵ͣˣĿ֮УһĨɱӦǣ
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ͷͣĵлɼѾ־嵽ʲô̶ˣ黹ûأͽ˶ʮĶ𣬻뵽ǲͶҽ
ȻŮڻԵʱ˵طλãԼʲôģҵˣ͵͵ع۲죬Ҷϵ˵ȷ죬ģҲһԭ
ҶϽϸһ飬һһŮһȥ￴
ʱ΢ԥһ£ϵƭɨһӡ
ӺһصʦǻȥʦӦ£Ӳʳԣ
˵ͷžʧŮˡֻŮӸոʧߣҶϾͽĿתƵӵϡ
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ӼҶͬæڵ˵ʮǶ³֮󣬻ʮ򡭡
ôࣿҶӣпЦλˣһͶʮԪȻˣܲôһʯˣ
뵽ˣҶϽװϣ˵ĶԻ˪ˣʱվ¥ڣҧҧ촽ǻȥأ


100 ź
Ӽ˪ͷһ仰Ҳ˵ˣԴӱǼ֮˪һֱ䲻ȣ˪ǰӵĲ֨ˡ
ҶϰһӣпЦһֱĥţ˪һǹǵǽ֮󣬿ӶѩŮûԼֶţ
˪ͲˣоӰȡ֮еҶЦŻص
Ҳȡ֮еǳû٣˪һ۶ˡ
ҲеӼҶ϶ˣԼҲ˵ص
ӣ˵ʲô˵ԣ˪ȭͷһɷӡ
šҡӾȵĲ֪
ٽţѩŮ˪⻰ڣɫʱ糺죬ཱུı¥ȥˡ
ԴˣҶЦ
仰ͻȻǱ׻ˣһ౼¥ȥˡ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ʲôϣԼú͵ҩ̼ʱ䣬ҶóͼǸС˵ĵطڵͼȦ˳֮󽻸ţţ¾Ͱˣȥæ굤ҩ£
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ʰðҶϽҪ׵ĵҩ˪ڸţûʲô⣬Ҿȡҩ
˪ͷӦŵ˾һˡ
ҩףԼһҲ¥ҶǰһСʱ͵ˣڶ濧˶ͺˮ˳Ĳ¥
ʱʱҶϾͺ뿪˿ȥ˶Ĳ¥
ԼĶ¥ӣҶϺӾλˣ裬Ʒ衣
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Ҷֻ΢΢ƳһۣźȲ裬Ҳٹעʿһܴ߽Ҷ϶ˣλϢһ᲻
λ࣬һҶϻص
һӣʿص
Ҷϵ˵ͷǼİţܵ⣬һ㶼аš
ʿºԹԵҪһ裺λˣ
ĪҲǣҶϻص
ҪģʲôԵ㣬ٴһɣʿص
ʱûУȥԵĸλʦҶ˵
ԣת뿪ˣ֪ҶҪȥõҩˡ
ʿЦŵлͬʱҲҽˣҽаéɽһŴӣ
ν⴫Ҳģ£ҶϾһλ⴫ӣȻéɽһɣȴѾéɽûһˣéɽҲʽéɽʿţĳλʦΪʦŶʦͣ
ҽҶϣʿҶϻص
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ʿЦЦͽϵСװڻУλСӣϵ£иˣ
Ҷ϶˵ͷȵʿԶȥˣҶϲӣǮû⣿
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Ҷ϶ڶĿҵ˪˱Űظˡ
ֻһ·Ҷɫһ䣬Զãˣ
˵ţӻóһǸ֮ϣŶŵĻһصʱ򣬶ֻҪԻУҶϾܸӦӵĲ
˷Իͨ˺͹֮䴫ϢһҪʽȻ˾Ѿе绰ˣصʱ򣬾ûһˣò˵éɽкܶ෨Ƽ޷ġ
ֻʩչͨҪԸȡ»ᣬ͹ϵķëϣ̶ꡣ
ҶŲӣæӣ˪ȥȥ
һȥɣ˪
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Ҷһؿ˵ͼϵλãֻ֣Ǳס˺ܶˣһһСԺ֪οһŵͼûУ
һҶϴӱóһֻ̣ĸӦ̶ȣҪʿĶ࣬Ȼλгôණһȸ˼ҶһЩ
֣ҶĶ̣˵תһ£ָ󷽣
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ҶϱλСӵļң̵ָֻʲôΪȷǲ̵⣬ת̵ķôתָ뻹ָһƬɭֵɽ
ŲǱץȥ˰ɣҶüɽ
ɽһС𣬲ҶʮӾ͵ɽ֮ԡ
ֻǣ̤ɽʱͣ˽Ųŵϵˮէ֮£ƺûʲôϸȴ⡣
ˮɽɽϸˮߣжɽ
˫أһķѵɽһأ
뵽ˣҶϲǰ˴ֱʿʩ֮ˣһ֮ˣҾǷˮ֣ɽйﰡ
Ҷ˻ü·ɽ£ס·ʵ壬鷳һ£ɽǲסһλʦ
ʲôʦסһλؤȱ첲ȵģҪģ·˾Ǹľ񣬻شĺǿ϶
ؤҶ̧ͷٿɽϣʲôûУصģںδ
ؤסɽУҪɣؤܹ֣ÿϾͳȥҪˣ췴˯·˵꣬תˡ
壬ǲסһˣĸһֱֻһСӣҶʵ
18ţ˵Ǽҳˣϱʲôˡ˵ŽԶȥˡ
Ҷ¾ˣʲôʱؤˣȷδ֮󣬻ٹ£ֻǴɣת˱


101 
Ҷٶȷɿ죬δݲ˼ؤˡһ֮Ҷϳ˸ʮ˺űſڡ
еƻ͸üͷ΢΢һ壬ûзʲô°
ΪȷǷһּ󣬳ԺӣҲҶ˵û
ҶϳڿʱڿӣŮĻУأѾˡ
ҶϽˣæŮӣվʿˣ
ûзʲô£Ҷſʵ
Ҳأණ֪ˣûгְص
ҶһͻȻһ⣬ϵˣ
˵˱ã㿴Ůѣһһ˹
˵ţһ̲ˡڻȥ·ϣҶϽӺ˪ĵ绰ֻǶԷ˵ĵ绰˽
ԽӵĲк˾٣˾Թٻᷣ
Ҷ󶪳ǧԪк˾٣˾Ǯٶȷɿ죬һСȥֱ
һ֮ҶϳڹųţںģӰ
Ҷܽӣ򿪵ƣĴѰңһӰûУǣһǮȴҶϵķ䡣
ʹʱĿˣһ֮£վҶϵļϣĽ
أӺ˪أҶѯĿ鼱֮£Ȼֻһֻӣô֪˵ʲô
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ҶϺ棬ڵϣ̽һһˣӲĲҶϽһۣϳ˪
æʹ˪Ժںȣεˡ
Ҷ˪Ѩã˪һˣЩ룬Ҷ֮˽ҶϵĻУӡؤù죬֡
ʹʱ˪ͻȻһ߿ˣţһӰ
ҶϱˣŮˣôϤǻת
תһ̣߶ʱסˣеǹ֧ۡһڵˣ˾ֵҶϣ㡭ǹ
Ҷͨͨͣôأһʱ֮䣬Щȣ˪վĭô
ԭĭҶĽѾõĭҲǸȫľ
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˵أҶʵ
ץˣǳģӽҴζڴ£ҾʲôҲ֪ˡУӺҶ˪ʼʱľˣ
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վһλؤģͷӣͷһذ̺ۣЦ벻ҲܲһĻƣֻϧûүүô㽻ƣӷһ·
洫֮ܹˣɱңүүүүʳӾҲҪߣ̶˵Ѿ߻ħͨӾûֻ
Сӣ֮үү͵ڻ˼˵Ҵ֮ǸȥүүһҪ϶ŻƷӣӽɱ㣬ȥ϶һųһֻͷ­ÿһֻһǵ壬ٻ壬γһֻ³ˮӡ
ӽʮལȻͷ­һ룡
˪סˣǿһǼСʱ游ҪҵΪУһֱһ̣үүĿģԭص洫֮ʿɱģڿҵ洫ɱɱˣ
һͷ­飬߹˷䣬ͻȻתһ۾ֵ˪¥ţѾйˣҲĶ֡ʦ˸ҸǱ顭
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Ҷ꣬զ಻ѣ˵ӱǶģ
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ҶͻȻ˪ѩŮߵʱǸٶȣʵˣټʱ̾ԼĲʹáӦһбǺܶණ
˹Ҷһһ˵ĸо
ţ׿˵ġи顭˪˵
Ҷϴæӱȡéɽͼ־ϸٿȴǿʲô⡣
ҿ˪ӹéɽͼ־ϸ
۲һָ׿˿һŲͼɫǳ̸࣬ڹνһȥһڳּ
Ӳǰһָ׿۵ھ˵Ļ˪٣˶٣˵벻ǸʱѾһƵĲط֮ˡ
ҶһͻȻӱúİһֱǶûзӵǿԼϵܡ
֪ӸһƵĿģһˣΪܾȳϸ磬Ҫϰûƣһղ֣ǲɱӵġ˪ţʱ˪Ѿ侲ͬӵ˽⣬ʼ˵û˵Ļˡ
ҶϰľͻȻ֣Ӻ˪֮䣬Ѿһ鹵ͨĵزˣԼȴܲ¶εûע⡣
˵ţ¥˽Ų˪Ҫéɽͼ־ҶҡҡͷѾ˭ˣĭ


102 ĭ
ſˣ˵ȷǾĭ죬ŴһС죬˽̶ˡźĭҶϣò˵㡭һΪأ
Ҷпһȣôںôֻǣ뷨һ͹ȥˣĭѾѵˣϲҲʷϣڰ
ҲûʰҶƳһ۾ĭ
ĭҧ촽ͻȻһЦûͺãˣһǻȥ׷ҵĸƨأ
Ҷ⻰֤뷨ûĭҲֻ֮ʺѣ仰һ䣬ǵʷǹȥˡ
Ҷ뵽Ҳ̹ȻˣЦĭô
ĭҲʶʲôˣľˣʶһϵʿô
Ҷ΢΢һԭ﷢ˣǵͷӦŵ
ɱʮˣˣĭص
ǺʲôϵĪΪץңҶϾ
̹׽ɣҾ㣬˾֣ʮ죬Ҳδ˵塣ĭص
ʷأҶЩһĭ
ĭǺҪǿŮӣϰŮǿ˵ǹػţ˵ôͱˣһҶԣһʱ֮䣬бߵĳ嶯
ϸ磬ĭǸ˼ǹǣ˪æ˵Ρ
˭У˪ҲǺýðɣǹ㣬ǣĭ˵ţͺ˪ֵĺȡ
˵ôҵҵģҶʵ
㣬Ҹ˪ĭȻڹˡ
ҶϾ뱩ߣһ۶ˣŸոչγĻܾת뿪ˡ
Լķ䣬Ҷϴ򿪻һҳһҳж
ƣȷϵ壬кܶණǹеרҵҶϿһƶǶ
Ҷϵ⿴ƷΪһǻ⣬һƣͨôһ׷̶ͨһϵеĸӹУɻ⣬˷ģ˻ĳһλ棬Ħ˻֮󣬲
ʿ㣬һѾռÿһɱ鱾ϣǣҪ߱иϵΪעʿɣ΢΢
ȻͶȡУ⹦ֻҪ֮ͨˣ͵гȣԽԽ
ݻƾע˹ֻڵн븶ڣܷӳͻͬͯǧ֮һٷ֮һ֮䡣
ҶϿգ۾ǧ֮һٷ֮һӵ裬ǽ븶һ£Ƕôֲһ£
Ҳˣʿסдջй֮ǰʿƼ置Ϊƣ置Ѫƴҹаٷ֮ʮʿڹиһЩڽͷҲһΣʧˣȴôҲ벻ϵõ˴˱
˪Щ֮Ҷֻզ࣬ѾСʱĻˣЩԿɬѶѵҪ졣ƾǻĵڶΣûж
ϸ磬ϢһɣԹо˪
ľͷˣöȥɣӣĭһۣ˪˲ϡ
ҶƾڲǰԷˣ˪ǲܴˣũ壬Ȼʰһ
ôôأǸռ棡ĭҶ˵Ҫ뿪ˣûжٺҶϼƽȥˡ
һаħһ죬˵ǻܴôҶû˵
ҲŶ첻ڣؽ˼ˣĭԼˡ
Ǿвö˶˵ģ˽լ˵޹ʲô𰡣ҶϼĭҫԼĴڣṩ˶ٵĺôʱ򣬾͸һƨɣ
㡭㡭ô˽լ޹˰Ҳ˵ʿɱʮˣݰŶͨѶ¼ɱ֮ǰΨһϵľ㣬ǸǶλϵͳҵĹĭһ˵Щ
̣㲻ʦ̫˷ſˣлˣ֪ľˣҶ¶һĨаЦͻȻ֣Դٹάĭ֮ĭñˣÿƯǸʱǴڰɣúƵĶˡ
ĭˣκ֣һ仰Ҳ˵ͷԷˣⷴҶ񲻰пʼ˼ǲʲô⣬ʱͻȻ
ͱϣҶȴһ绰ʱ£ҲֻȥƼլˣԼĴӣǻزȥ
ι˼ҽϡ

ҪլõģϾ͵ˡ

ݰݡ

Ůɣĭ˪
˪¶һĨصЦ⣬̶˵˼سƼҵֶŮҲ˵ƯĹ
Ƽҵİĭޱ飬ֻУȴһ˿޵Ĳá
ĿҪˣ¥ϴɵҶϵļϡ
ĭĿøУҶһҶֻôӦ͵ĭС
ĿѾմȾ˵ǿŮˣһ֮£ĭϺݺݵһ£ƺܵ⣬ҶͷȦҶֻܷۡ
ʰöҶ϶˾ҪˣĭʵҪȥ
ѲɻɻȥҶͻȻԼôͺĭûûˣԼԼһѡ
ףһ·˳磡ĭҶϴͳʿһ˿Цݡ
ĭҶ϶˵ģ͵վҶ϶ͬʱܾˡ
ĭײ˶ӣģ˪ɣľͷһ˴
ĲҪˣĭ㻹ȥɣ˪ٴξܾˡ
ĭͣҧ⣬ߣ;ͲͣΪԶ˳ˣ
ֻǣĭŸԱһũ񹤵ӣúЦЦˣǣЦ֮ŽԶȥӰȴԽӵľͣҲ֪Щʲô
ֱ˵ıӰȫʧҹɫУĭ뵽ʲôЦˣǵׯʱ򣬺ٺ٣һȺˣ
Աϣĭųȥ˾ھҵ˾٣˵ˣһĻɣ
ĭΣյİӣ˶࣬˭ȥ飬㻹ǹԹԵŹȥɣ
壬Ҳְ͸һλɣĭôˡ
ĭǡ
֪ǳʲô£ˣҲû취ҵĸĸǣӦӦңһҪȥ顭ĭ˵ţתҪ뿪
ȵȣĭѾ˴ˣȥһһµϰɣٻص
Ҳ壬ⰸӾͽˡˣˡĭ˵ţ˾ٵİ칫ҡ
ʱһλĭԶȥıӰЩԻ󣬾ʹʱٽˣǣһ£
Ҵұ˾ٵİ칫ңžʵְ֣ʲô£ҿĭҴ뿪ˣǲʲô񣿡
ȥİӣˡ


103 Ƴײǽ
Ҷ϶˴ʩĻ́Σû˶ţҲ󷽱ˡ
ϸ磬˵Ż᲻£ܾö׶༪٣˪ͻȻ⡣
ҶϾҪ̤ϹΣȴͣһ½ŲصֻҪƻϣӺͶʱ£Ƕʱڣ޵һĻЩӣڳ֣ù֪ǵĲ֮
˪һ۶У˵ͷ̤ĽεĹΣһѵС
ҶͬͳһңУŲ̤Ļ́ΡĿûģ͸źȥˡ
Ļ́ΣٶԶԶȲ׷ֻǣĿǰҲֻˣֻĹҹɫСʱСʱ֮ڵ˴ׯˡ
ׯ壬Ҷϵͺ˺ܶ࣬ũ峤ĺӣũر׽ĸо
Ļ́ΣͣƼҴԺﾭһֹ飬Ƕ˹ˣҲصΪĻ́ζŴ
Ҷ϶˸½ӣͿ˼˳֪ǰҹôôʱ䣬Ҳ˯ˣ
˿ЦĹӣȻ֮ǰ׷ЧĿֻǣɲϲ˼򽻵˼ĿкĿֱˡ
˼ע⵽ûһȴ뵽˱ȥˣòŶˣʵǡϻﶪӣ
Ҷʱͷһ˼еţͻȻ˼˼Ǳһ˼صʲôأӱ˰ˣ
𣬸ղҴ绰ˣǵֻڹػӵĵ绰ڿ˼ص
ûнӵ绰˪
ԴӱץҶ϶ػˣ¶Է绰һҪͻʱǽƣһֱػԷᣬʮңԷӦǸĵģ˺Ʊ
ûӣ˼ص
ţҶϺ˪ͬ˵ػػ
˼ԣ߳ϿңǿЦʹæóֻػˡ
˼ѯʱ˪ϸĽˣֻҶʱûţݣ˻ˡ
һ㣬ҪԼͨµСؼ׵ͨβ̡мأͷ裬շֵ£⡣ӣظ»
ڴ˹УͯζûдͨͨȫҪͨζ
Ҷһ˫ۣŵеͨ
أ뾲֮Ժи˵ȫòﲻ󣬺ͼһСԲĹĵװͨ
Ҷ˫ֺʮһֻͨطɢðŨҵ壬ڵıڲɢŵγɴڡ
ʹȫһŴͨɢţ׶һ̶зһͨ׶ӣһŵĴ߶£תתͬʱתСؼ׵ϣֱ嶽
ʶ״̬£ĶһɫĸĤһƤһס׶ӵȥ
Ҷҧ촽߶ת׶ӣ̶ֱ꣬׶ĤӴת׶ӣҶʹɫһ˲ɷס
ǣҶҧ۾֣촽ҧһƬѪǡ
Ȼʹ£ͨҲˣʵȴǣĤǿĺ׶ӷս
Ҷ̲סˣһδ߶һֵͨԴ˼ӿ׶תٶȣ׶Ӵﵽÿһǧתת١
ҶͻȻһͻȻƵĸоͯŮʧȥͯһʹȫս
ǣȴûôʱϢһ׶Ҫڵͨͨ
׶Ӿͨβ̡мأͷ裬շֵ£⣬һĿ꣬ǹζͨͨתȫ磬ͺ͸ڸһϰһЩڵķˡ
ҶϿ׶ӵٶȣڸ֮ʱڼ٣һΣҪ͹νʹʹһӴͨˣ
׶Ӵﵽ֮ʱѾۿתٶˣէ֮£׶ǲһٶǰ
ǣڽӴһ˲䣬һӱ㴩ȫζҶϣ۵һҺʱεˣ
ڶ죬Ҷ۾ʱ˫۾ڶ߽˶˪˼
ˣͬʵ
Ҷϴæͨζ֮ѭ˼ˣҳɹˡһѾɹˣ
⻰ҲΪҶϸأ˪˷ܵ㣬һһ㣬սˣ
ǰϣڶ㣬㶼Ҫ̫ѣҶϻص
죬ʱѾӽˣһ˷Ҷϱȴ˼һ⹴ĺģϣͷĲַˣҺ𱨳𣬴ϴ˽ӵ긽ˣ㿴
Ҷϵ˵ͷϡǵ뿪ׯʱͷĳ֣ϵһ𣬵ȷ˵㣬᲻ͷĺ͹й
ʹʱԺеСˡ
ĿҶϵļһֱ⣬˱˴˶춼ˣôأһǿųģׯƶټϺֹѾʵĻʲôǮȥӣĦгȫҲû
᲻ڣҶʵ
ᣬͱˣȥģҪʮˣҶϻش
Ƕһ£ҳȥҶ˵ţܳԺӡ
˼ȥģ˪סˣǵĴΣգʱпǿУǳȥֻᵷң
˼˵ͷ⡣
ĳӣǷɱڲͣĴȣཱུڡ
ҶϺܿ⣬̼䣬վڴſڡ
һСγҶϵԱ߷ɱȥ
ף⳵Ӻ죬ԣȵҲϤˡĭҶʶһ㣬㱩
Ӽǰ⣬һǽǳȥֻװǽ֮ϣũǽֻܶʯͷɣֱײûʲôˡ
ҶϺɣó̵ĭĳӣֻǸոʮңʱ복ӾʮףӾǽֻжʮף
ɲҶϴһμ٣嵽˳Աߡ
ֻٽӵʱͻȻɫˣۣͨ˳֮󣬰һλŮˣʼգưֻͣһųܣ
ҶɨһţӲɲ⣬ڻУһҲתѶϵСأˣϷһһȥײǽ
ҶҲûлԥˣӾǽڣˣڵٶȣһͨ¹ʾҪչǰˣ
ͻȻҶͻȻҪֹˡ


104 ʬ
Ҷϼӿٶȣһľ֣̼䣬𣬾еһһӥչᣬľҹĻУһ⡣
꣡ľһ̽ƳŮ壬һŨð
ƳŮƳǷҶϣŮתһ̣Ҷϲſòڿòһ̣æˡ
ôܣҶϾȣŮһģһòϢǻ˰ۿҶϻ濴һֻ
ŮҶϡҶɨһĭ䳵ѾͣˣͷײǽϣͷΣӦⲻ
ȻĭûˣҶϾܷһˣľâһһǰͬʱһ̳
һٶȼ죬ϵͨﵽĿǰҶܴﵽ̶ȡ

ŮһӽӲһ£ͻȻˣһϢûˡ
Ҷ֣ôôöԸأоЩƻãȻȡʤˣɱ˹ȴһľȣһƾľ飬ֻûôӦĭ˭Ĺһ㶼ʿġ
Ҷŵϵʬ壬߽ϸ鿴˿ڣ˿ڴɢ֮󣬳һӣȺɫ⣬ȴûһѪ
ʬ壡ҶƲƲ죬ôĸʬ壬ǵһμ⼸ͻһˡ
ιľͷˣ㿴ʲôĭӳˣŲһ壬ȴҶſһʬԱоʣ
ҶЦǺǵ߹ȥôˣ
ιʵ˵ǲǷģһ·ͣĸôǺˣĭŰۣӳ
˵ʲôҶϼʵ
ѽľͷˣǲǳɷǰ칫£ǵ鰸أĭص
ðɣôʬ׷ɱˣҶʵ
˵Ƴĳﰡʬ壬˵أôĿֲҶɲˣǱܡĭһ۵ϵŮʬ塣
ĭϻôô࣬ش⣬ʬôأҶظһеǡ
ۣԻҩˣô֪׷һ·ˣҳӿÿ죬ֱͷƼҵĹլűⶫ׷ˣĭص
ûңˣҶ̾һ
Ҫллأˣʬʲô⣬ÿֲΪʲôʱôһλţˣµģɱҾһǹôͱʬˣĭһܾСӣ˵Ҷϵһ¡
ʬ壬ʵʿ긶֮Ļǣʬ֮Уʬһңºʬ帯ܣ͵ó飬ѡµʬ帶顣
ĭ꣬Ҳ˵£ȴҶϵԣǾȥɣ
Ƚȥʰ⣬һʬⲻҶϻص
ҡĭҧ촽ȴû˵Ļ
ʹʱһˣٶȸ죬Ⱦ͵Ҷ϶˵ԣһ
˼æӣóͣţŴˣһλ꣬˶ʮĵӣīǾ
īҶһ۾ϳһⲻĭѣ컹ھſںִأ
³ժ۾ɨһҶϣЦĭ˭ôô죬˵ɷ
ǣǣʲôĭʵ
ģЭưˣ˻ص
Ҷһ˵˵ʽھſڵǸӣŻԹԵȥʰŮʬˡ
ֻǵƹӣ֮ǰʬĵط;ˣŮʬˣæĴѰңȻһ
ϣôˣ˪˺һӣҶϻͳˡ
ĭ˪ЦŴк˪ˣ
˪ЩЦݣȴеǣǿкܵҶϵߣҶڳӺ棬ǽǵȴѰʲôʵϸ磬ʲô
ʬ壬ôͲˣҶһʬ壬ֻա
˪ĵؿҶϣϸ磬ҲˣһᣬŪ
˵ʲôأŪΪһֻѼӰҶϰһۡ
ʿʿŪһͨˣɱһֻѼûʲô𣡡˪ص
ˣʲôʱҲúһûԴˣҶ˵ţԹԵĻصԺȥˡ
ĭ֪վҶϼνӴԽӿ͸ˡңҲܲһִˡ
˪Žȥģһ뵽пˣתǿЦĭһȥɣ
ĭ˵ͷ͸ȥˣ˪ĿͶӵʱ򣬾;㣬㲻Ǹľ
С㣬ʶСӶ˪죬ȴ벻ˡ
ſڣ콣ϸȥĭ̬ˣвǡ˵˪Լ˵©ˣæס죬һ壺ĭѰɣǺǺǣôеƦ䲻ĭأ
˪һĻ˵ŭҲ簡ҧĭЩѣ
ǰѣףôˣĭʵ
ҡͣҾ䡭ص
㲻֪ҵôĭʵ
û˵
ôʣ
ҡ

ĭȥɣףôˣ˪Ǹһ˾ͺĭ˵Ҳˡ
ĭͷ֪ʲôԭ򣬵֪Ҷҹʱ򣬾һůԭһﻹôһζ
˾Ҫţĭͷɨһ꣺ǣȥɣһᴦԺѣ
ײˣһʱ֪룬뵽ĭȺ˵ںԽʱͻȻʶһ⣬ʲôϣССѧʱУҵĭ
뵽ЩֻܺƤĭ˽Ƽҹլ
ǣ˪һǰһȥ֮󣬾ͿҶϺ˼һ죬һųϣĺܽӰһ
ĭһĻֱˣ˪һ𣬶ǸһˣҶǲ˼Ҳ֪ĭأ
ҶϻͷһǣҲûлػ
ҽǣܸʶǣĭѣҲǵѡλؾɩӰɣǼᣬͬʱҲԼĿģһ仰ǿҵĹʶ
⻰һĭ˪סˣҶϣииԵ뷨ͬʱ˼ҲεҶϣҲ֪𰸡
ҶͻȻЦˣǣһĨ䵭Ц⣺Сӣ˭İѵѲץȥСݣ
𰸣ǺĹһʱ䣬ƿԣ
ӹȥӾҪ˽լˣҶͻȻվĿһɱ˵ĵӣݺݵضǣ


105 լ
ҶͻȻѾϤҶƢ˪ҲŵöˣҶϺ˵Ƣ꣬ÿηƢ̫ԭġ
˪֮ǰҶηŭһΪױʱһǵǴΣڶηƢҲȫΪӡ
һΡ˪зԭһ϶ǼһھſвǣȻҶϵϰߣֳС£һɶˣһǸ⡣뵽ˣ˪ɨһĭЦˡ
˼ŵò֨ΪҶϺλСжĳأ͹ɵĶһԣʵȽҶϵʵһԼҶϣʱְŵġ
ĭֱӴˣԴһƬհףеҶѾֹһȫĵ߸ˡ
ãáҶϣţţеǻʰ㡭ھ֮࣬
ҶϾȭͷһսٻغϵӣ˪ĭм䣬Ǵˡ
߰ɣ㾡ҡĭ˪ҶϵĻᣬƳš
ҧأȴҲ˵ʲôֻܻ뿪Ƽҹլ
Ǹأ˪ͻȻʱҶϾһӣʿϣѾһλСʦĴˣȻУܻ嶯漰ԼʱЩţմ˵ʱǸ侲裬صҶϣǲĿǰҶϣ
˪ԼҲҶϽԼѣͬͣͣǲ嶯Ͳ˵ˡ
ǰҲˣº˪˼̸µ飬˼µĶ塣
Ҷϻص䣬ԼУ飬ԼҲԼǲǳԻҩˣôͻȻͷôĻ𣬳ΪױһΣη𣬶Ŀƣⲻʲô¡
ҶϾԼתƵӺͶŵϣһȥأԼȴΪ֥С´󶯸λʵã
ҶóֿʼˣĿǰҶϣѾϰʿڰжôյ飬㴦Σ֮УֻҪʼͻһ㡣
һѾͻƣǵڶ㣬һǴĻڶͽؾˡ
ڶ㣬Ҫڵͨתɸʽһ壬ͻȼܵĿ
һܹؼǻڣҶ˿ת֮һһİ룬ΪΣ̺ͨţ۲ϸ˿Щϸ˿ڵ໥ײ໥ѹ໥Ħʹ¶Ƚߣ̶Щʣζĳȥ
꣡һ죬Ҷϱ۾˫һƣ棬ʱ
˵Ҳ֣ڿȼգײǽϣͽǽ󶴣⻹ֹأǰȼԺһСӡ
Ҷ۾ǽڣմմϲСɣ˪ԣӵĻҲ˵ڶ㣬ֻƣҲǺţˡ
ҶϽᣬҪȴһԳƵ㣬ڳƣַҲʱ䡣ٿ㣬еڶ㽫Լͨ״֮תʮ֮˹εĻϣһǿˣøղҶϵķԣһäĿķڴܵʱÿһζôäĿĴȥδеˣԼԼۿˡ
ۣŻˣȻ𰡡Ȼ𰡡
ϸ磬Żˡ
ʹʱԺУŮӼ֮ҶϼæվܵһԺУһľʹݣѾȼ˴𣬻ԺٲʱƼҹլͻһȼ
ũķӣľṹķӣµľһ𣬾߾ȫҲδˡƼҹլӵǣΪǹϵլԺзݶȫľṹкľر࣬һȼһԺ롣
ҶϷֻԺƼȼʱ亹ֱðƼһľ¥ǵȼˣͳǧˣƼ汲Ǻ
Ҷ϶˵Ӵ˳ȥסǶ¥òһηˡ
ԺӵʱŮӴһֻӣѾæҵĴˮˡƼլʲôһʷĹˮˮҲϰʷˣǺ˸ޣҲѹ˳ˮ˪ҡŴˮķţǳ鲻ˮ˼ĭֱţµģǶˡ
Ҷæӹ˪еĻˮôһѹ֮ŷ֣ûˮ
ùѹ˶֪ûˮǸǰ裬ʹ򲻳ˮ
ˮˮأҶϼæʵ
ˮˣûˮˣ˼Ļص
ҶͷˣܲǰİɣοҲ
򣬽ϸ磬򲻾͵ˣ˪ǣȻôһӡ
ҶϳҲһӣĿǰʲôأҶϹ˵ʱ򣬸Ĵ˺ԼҵˮͰˡ
ҶϼæһΪʱæкһλˮͰеˮΪˮǴˮˡ
ȻһڣѾһСյ߰˰ˣ֮УĴƮɢܶĵطѾȼˡ
һλϳҶϵˣæӹҶеĻо飬ˮˣɼˣһھˮޣɲ
Ҷ÷Ѿֻ׵ľ룬ñȻյĿһ˷䣬ӷóصĶ˴
ţҶҵ˱շӵ˷еضС
Щ֮漣ˣⲻٱ紵ȼ𣬻أҲ֮ǰôˡ
ԽԽˣӸҲˮ˻ɢһСʱ֮ˣǣһССķӣѾճɻҽˡûɢƼñ
ϢƬ̵Ĵ񣬶һҶϵߣô£
Ҷϱʵƿԣôشأ
ĸСӲİɣ˼Χˡ
ţ𣬵Ͼˣ˭ҵĺҲ̫ȱˣĭҲӭϡ
ҶϱտڲͷǽϵյĶӣ֪ôˣ
ͻȻʶ֪ŵ˰ɣǵڼأ
ҶվʰڵϵĶȥˡ
ܹƻƣ˸׮˺ܴãӦùĻ׮Ϊʱ̣죬лûʧ꣬ҶϾװ˱벻ó
˸׮һʱҶͻȻĿһűվĻҳܸӦĪй
Ҷϱ˷֮УһɽζЩϢĸоԽǽ룬еԽʢ㱻һӣȴûбһ£˵صﵽʲô̶ȣ
﾿ʲôҶϴʣ鿴


106 լ
ҶϸĲ鿴ŷ棬һһСǰÿ̤һһݣҶϰľ
˪Ҷϻ˷棬ϸĹ۲棬ƾҶϵ˽⣬һǷʲôĶǣ˪̤˷֮Уһ棬һɲǣɫҲˡ
󲽸Ҷϵʵʲô
˵׼ҶϼˣַأڷΣһָ˼µ棡
ཡնƾҶϵľ飬֮һĿռ䣬һʲôаĶõ֤
ιأճˣٿҲòˣĭԱߣЦŶˡ
Ҷվ˪뿪ˡ
˿к˴ѾˣæĴͷתģһߣĭ͵һŲסˣͣ˯
˼ҲЩεҶ϶ˣˣۣţܲȥ˯ɣ
˪˼ȥϢɣˣأ˯һҶ˵ˡ
˪Ŀһ͵ͷӦŵˣǰҶüĿ飬ðɣǶ֮İ˼УֻƲ죬һ˪Ѿķˣðһĭ
˪˼ȥ˯ˣҶһڿʮңͳˡ
Ҷһֱȥ˷֮У֮Уʲô⣬Ҫһ̽
һ֮£Ȼй֣ײһ֮ϣҶĿ˸ܵٿ¶һ鷽Բһ׵顣
ҶĸӦŨŨǳ֮£һᣬҿ
򿪵һ˲䣬һŨҵ˼µͻȻҶϼæסͣյգ⣬Щڿɢˡ
ҶһۺĶӣеСȴһûеƹ⣬Ȼ⣬ȴҲھʲô⡣
Ҷֻ̧ͷһ̣ͻȻ˪ŵҶȫһôһ
£ѵ㻹˲ɣ˪Ц
ˣȹˣҶƳһۣûʵ
˯ˣûСʱѲ˪ص
ʹôˣ˵ˣǸ¡ֻ㿴ǡ
úúãһΣˣүүһ£˪æӦգҶϹػأ˽ֹӵЩΪҲһֹˣаһЩʹá
к֣ܶϣΪԭΪյɡ̼ע⡢ȣһ˯ַ˯ߵʶ״̬
ȻڻǧʷУʷƾãԴԶڡھҲἰŴġףڽеһЩʽ硰񡱵ȶдߵĳɷֻ֣ʱƭģһŻ
ȻéɽУȴһʽ߷ߡ˷Уֻȡ䷢ëһл֮ë˻гڷë֮ϡǣһз£һʹöˣõӦڱӦʲôéɽһʴéɽɫɣһЩӦʾʿʹˣܷɣԣéɽƵĵҪ죬Ӱ췶ΧҲȽϴ
ǣѾΪʿҶϣõӦĶ̫ˣҶʵڵģԣҶϵʩԭǵѣʹκδűӦ۵ķ
£˪ʹõĴɾҶͻȻأʹõֲĴܴأȫЧӦǽˡ
ʲô˪ʵ
ҵĸоûдƼҹլ⣬ȥһֵ磬ȥҶϻص
ʵҶϵһƼҹլ;òԾˣƼҹլĹ֣Ķ࣬һҹ֮䣬ôĹֻǺΪ˽ʩҲͽˡ
ڻƼҹլɭɭģһλҶȻɭգֻǵˣΪׯûлָĴҲûзϡ
һƼҹլʧֻѨԶҪ˺ˡ
һ˪һֵˣϸ磬ֵûжٵ磬Ҫȳ硭
Ļ¹ߣǽȥҶϽӹֵ磬һӶдܽȥˡ
˪ȥҶΪ£ϸ磬ڶӦͻ˰ɣ
Ҷϵ˵ͷһߣһ߻صͻƾˣˣһߣ
붴ӣʯѳɵ̨ףбʮȣһֱŵص졣ͨһ߹ȥҶֻ֣˪
˪ڽӴҶֱ۵һ̣һܸܰоָоϤϤ˸ܰĸоֻʲôҲǲˡ
ʵ˪ϣһЩܣ˪ǲʮǰ飬ݼ˵ʮ꣬һǰļ䶼ˣ
ǳһֱӣӾԵˣ⿪ĻӴ˹˵
˪ǷǵʱҶͣ˽Ų̧ͷǰǰһţƤƳɵģδ򿪹ϳ˺⡣
˪ܵҶͣ˽Ųæ׿еͬһľȣһţ
ҶߵſڣſЩ϶϶֮ϣȥˡ
һܣ˵ͷ˵У¾ȳȥҽȥ
Ҳ£˪Ļص
Ҷʵ֪ˣ˪Ը񣬾£ҲǿţοʿΪһʿϲĪڷһЩĶ
ҶţǣѾʧޣƵ˲һʹź¡һˡ
ŵأļשͷͷҶϵԴҶϵķӦһĿ죬ץ˪ܣ˳ʮಽȶڲٵ֮ʱŻǰˡ
Сĵ㣬Ҫ߿һ㣬ϱٵҶ˵ţ˪ͽˡ
ţڿˣҶᵽʯ͵ζ
ҶʹͨĿһյƣʯ;ǴӴƵ·ӷġ
ҶǰƵȼˣȻʿڰ첻ͨȫԲõƣǣ򿪵аĶͲҳˡ
ƹ⻺˶ѨⶴѨʮƽһյƣȫ
ײġϸ磬ײġ˪ת˹ײˡ
Ҷ϶һľһһСĺĹľһСȴֻһ׳
ľ֮ϣͿѪΣ϶Ѫ֮ģҶ߽ϸ鿴ľǻľɣһ̣ҶϾ;ĪѪľⲻʬô
ϸ磬ʬ᲻Ƽģ˪뵽ҶϺƼҵĹϵˣʵЩʱ˺ΪѵĹҶöԲߣ
ƼҹլլȲ鿴˵ɣҶͻȻЩˣҪף˺󼸲


107 ع
ϸ磬ҵĿײãҪȹ۲ٿס˪
˪û⣬ҵĿ׵ȷãʱ˹л꣬Ǳң׾꣬
Ҷ΢΢ԥһ£һЩǾף֤һʬ꣬ʬҲʲôص⣬оŻô˵ʬ仰˵ʬжôˡ
ʬ壬һݱĹǸӶģͨ˵Ľʬһǡ׽ʬʬغһºʼװëཀྵʬжٻǳ׶Ը⣬Ҳ»ˮ¼¹ˡ
ڶǡڽ׽ʳţѪȥëȡ֮һ糤ĺëʱһжҲϻʼ¼һ˵ڽ˻رܣҲֱӺ˴˯вʳѪڽ׽ϳΪڰ׽ɷȫũѱ𡮲Ѫڵ¼ΪҰˡǺڽ
ΪʬڽѪټʮ꣬ëȥжʼΪϿԶ⣬ҲκμƽʱܽеĹһڽʬͲˣèʬͻУ
ļʬʬ»ݱ䣬ʬǰĽʬжݣԾɣʳǶˡ
弶ʬѽħΪɡֳơɡɡɡʬɾ֮òνɲܱòԻˣ񣬺ɴ˶ŴźӣϰǾͻŲɵΪǺ֣
һҲµĽʬӦ˵ѲǡʬħΪꡱӵĿֲǧĵУԬöӲƽʬܻɠ꣺ݽԣ֮ʨ֪Ҳ֪֮꣬˽ʬ䡣ʬʬ󣬱ᷢţԾζȥʻԻʬ亵ɣٱ伴Ϊꡣ̻ͨʷѹ֮
ɴ˿ɼʬʬйԵʱپǰķʬ˹ṩʬõķ˵Ҳð˾ʮʱݱ䣡
ԣҶ϶϶ľУʮа˾Ĳʬ壬ǹ
ڿ֮ǰҶóһаһһڹľܣΪ˰ȫ˪һ˵ϣڳһŴףǽʬ֣Ŵ״
Ŵף֮Ը겻ôЧǽʬˣΪٶȿ죬һ㲻ŴĻᣬʬڷʬײ㣬ҲʵԵڣŴ״֮Ҳõķˣ
Ҷ϶ڹľܣ㹻Ŵףߵϣһ㣬ҲΪԷһðһֻʬ㹻ĻӶˡ
Щ˿ʼף˪ϾŮӼңһֱվҶϵԣҶ˿ľûжӣ
ֻۡľ˿ˣӵ˵ϣ
֮£һŨƮҶϼæ˪Ӷݡ
ʬҶ˵䣬ӱȡۻƺɰĻĸ˪һЩȥûˣ
˸һѷĩʣǺᣬҲУʬжģһʬڱţΪɢϵʬϴ˷ĩʡ
ЩҶϲŸһνӽľСײԱߣ֮£һʬ壬һŮʬȫ㣬ܲ˺ܶʬ֮ʬ屣ĺã͸˲ࡣ
ҶĿһͷһöͭǮüͷ
˪ľûʲôؿһ㣬һ˿ҵŮʬɫ糺죬æ˿ˡ
ҶϹ۲ŮʬֲûаëëҲ˵ֻʬҪôڣҪôʬ߷ʬ
ֻǣЩҶϹעĽ㣬ͷһöͭңһ󷨡
ҶһԱߵСľ򿪣ڴ򿪵һ˲䣬˺üһ⸱ײУһλӣԲĹĵģոӣˡ
˪ʿҲŵö˺һᣬ̾ùʽ
Ҷȷֻʬûиļ֮󣬾СײĵԱߣӣϸ鿴
СײУСԼ߰꣬ϸڹײĵĵ£
ϸ磬ʲôˣ˪߽Ҷʵ
㿴СǱ˻װڹײ֮вŶģӹľĹ쿴СӦعףڹʱķʽǺܳġҶϽ͵
νعףǽ˻ᣬԹܴʿɱ۾ͻػ֮еĻǣΪҳϵػᣬڵѾˣȴôҲ벻Ƽҵĵص£Ĺ֡
ô˵ŮʬӦǺݵˣƼҵһŮ˰ɣ˪Ʋ
δأĹлиӹĹУ߰ɣһл֪£ʱҪĹ֣Ҷ˵ţתҪ뿪
ʹʱ˪쿴ӣǺӡ
ҶתĺӣӿʼԽԽңССĹľڻζ
ܣعҪˡҶϺͬʱץ˪֣Ⱦܣûж˽ʬԹؽʬҲУʬӶݶˡ
˪Ҷϣһ·ɱ˽ʮӣ˵ضڶضһ˲䣬ɫѾˣͷϡҹ
ô˪ֵҶϡ
⣬һ£ͱˣڶдʮСʱˣҶһɲ˷ʲô¡
ϸ磬𣿡˪ͻȻҶϵϡ
ҶѾˣ䣬ϸ


ܣСӵЦЦ죬ߣȴǧ֮һ㡣
Ҷľ֣Ƽҹլһ˲䣬ֹլģȫȫһլˣ
ѵ˼Ҷ뵽ˣĿľ⣬ڵϻһȦӣлһʮ̶֣˻䣺커ػʮ޻
˪ɣҶϸջȦӵʱǰ˻䣬ʱ۾˶վһƬ֮Уǽŵ£ԺһƬǽ塣
ϸ磬ô£˪¼ˣǵһμô顣
Ҷһǿѹסеľ죬ϸٿܡ
֨֨֨

һظĻеһСӵĻЦ֮һ𣬷ֲ˴ˡ
Ҷһѭȥ⣬ϤһĻгˣһλŮˣһ£ƶ죬컺صϽسһλСӣЦеСԼڻصĹУĿ֮֨
ĭأҶͻȻĭȥһƬ棬֮УͬһĻˣһλŮ죬һλСӣڻƻƵĵš


108 
ƻãʿһ·Ŵ̼Ȼڴ̼ͬʱȴҲһ·ߣһ⣬Ĳף
Ҷһ˪ȫȫĽլܳƵϹլլˡĭ䲻˼ݿɣһеһУͻȻ˷롣
˪ǺլˣǹۣǹǣһҪסңɱȥ˵Ҷ˵ţҧָľѪһΣõѪľϷϺɫĹâҹУΪۡ
ϸ磬ٳǿˣƽɣ˪ץסҶϵ֣Ŀ⾼Ҷϡ
ҶĿǰѾ˹һ֣֮ǹй֮˾ͻһϵеĻþĿǰΧһλŮһλӣЦеӣҪɱ֮˭֣ЩþУôһһģȥɱȷֻǹֻǻþ
ټ٣٣ʿأй֮һֲ١
ƽ֮ûУ̫ͳˣ̫ΣټҶԻǺһԾȦȵȣɱһֻ񹦣
ˣҶתͨͨתͨζľͨһӿ̼սľһǹĹꡣ
ͻȻðڹֻ㣬ֻǣ͵Ļ棬һӾͻֻ
ȻƮԶѾҶϵĿƣû֮ǰҶŻƣľ٣ֻգ۾
ϸ磬˪ݶͻȻ
Ҷѭȥܵķ֮ϣһֻֽһףǷ٪֢СˣòȻϣȴС
Ҷ϶˵أһۣϳЩӶعףֻعױʿʩŲ᳤ջϣ̺壬Զͣȥһ̡
ֹԹͺǿڼṩԴԴϵʱܳΪ飬ͯʿʮ꣬˾ЩҲδЧ
ֽ֮ʱͬʱعɱˡ
Ҷɨһعɱٶȣ֪ʵһĶԱ⣬Ǿ͵شתͨͨġ
̼䣬ֻһģһعٽȻȦֱȦâһɢˡ
û˻ȦҶϺ˪ͱ¶ڴԺ֮УֻعףףͻȻ˪ܣѾҶϵһѻ𣬱۷ˣһûйҶϣȫ˪ˡ
ʹʱҶͻȻƮһٶȣֻع׵ƣ̶˪ͷܳʮҡ
ʮ֮ͣ½Ųͷֻعױˣʱ۵Ľšȶ˸ˣ֮ǰع׵ݶֳֻһģһعף˵ֻȴ̲ˣ
ϸ磬ƽɣ˪˵ţһΣ˵껰ָֻˣȫˡ
ҶεƲƲ죬תȡԼĿеļһ͵ˡ
һĻ˪ָֻøһҶˡ
ƽԭʼķҲЧķŮǱϣôķʽԽ໰ЧԽѣ˾ҪҺ֮У̺żΪḻԪҶѾǴУʿԪҪһصöࡣ
ֻع׹Ŷ˵һĻЧˣֻعʧˣЩһֱˣĴСҲˣǧҲʧˡ
ǵǰһУǷŵӰһر仯ӣȫı仯ķݣۿɼٶȣһھһңûټ
ͬʱڷ滭ĹУһЩʵĵò
ԼһӣܻȫĻˣ˾ķ֣ѹû߳ңǰɷľһһСľ򿪣һֱվڹľԱߣûƶ
˱˴˶˪Ҷлĳʱ򣬼æתųڷ򣺡ǻǾ뿪ɣ
ҶϼæÿӣɨһܣٴսľϸһŮͷһöͭǮ
߰ɣ㻹᲻뿪ˣĪǱʬƯòסˣ˪˵ţתŶȥ
㻹˵椻ŵʱһһλŮأҶ̾˵ͬʱҲת򶴿ȥ
ʹʱһɭŮ˻ﴫлл
ҶϷӦתӰûУʹҴҵܳѨˡ
˶Ѩ̧ͷƺѹѹܼһⶼûУˣ
һƹⶼûеƼҴԺһƬ棬Ȼһܵķȴõıš
᲻ǹ˪
Ӧòᣬȥ˼ĭɣҶ˵ţһ˪ɨһۼžҹսζӦòǹˣ
˽뷿ʱ򣬼˼ĭѾ֪ˣϱӺ˯ˣû
Ҷ֣Դ֮У´棬֤ĭ˼뿪á
һӣҲ߳䣬Ǵڲģ֤˼˲û뿪Ժ
ϸѰңƫϵһⷿŰ볨䷿Ҷ֪ǵдƼҹլҲûд򿪣װöһЩʷĶҲʲôֵǮǰ汲ùһЩƷм壬ȴûʵֵ֡
Ҷ˪ʹһɫĵ˿ⷿһⷿҶ϶˾Щľɭɭģһܸܵǿڡ
Ҷϴӱȡʮţ˸һѣͼȥǰһ䶼ˣһٶƽ׵ӣΣʣߣľȳ¾ɵƷ
Ҷ϶һһ򿪹ӣڹұˣҲûм˼ĭӰӡ
ϸ磬ǻ᲻ᱻˣ˪Իʵ
ʵҶҲĸо֮󣬾˼ĭǰҲҶҪǿٿһͨĿϾʹʱĿﲻ֪ʲôطĳˣһ֮£ͶҶϵļϡ
Ҷ϶˻ͷĿӵֻ۾Ĺ䣬ȻϵλãȴһӣʺѪΣһһεĻ䣡
Ҷɨһ˿ڣһ۾Ϳ֮Ķҧ˵ģǴӱѸȡһɰĩͿļϡ
Ŀ˼ĭأҶϲ֪ʱѾʵˡ
Ŀ￩һУһһŴӵ¡
˴ź棬һſڵϹۿһĿﲻˡ
⡭ȥˣҶϺһ
䣬һֻССĺͷ­ʮĵ棬Ǵһ˸ŵֻ۾Ҷ϶ˡ
ڶզһ˲䣬ͻȻ֨һͷ­˵֮£
ѣҶϾһֻӣ֫ãӵ¡˪ɣ棡


109 ̶Ѩ
Ҷ϶˴ӵȥһֱʮףʮ׵ĵطһСӣӲǿȥһֻӡ
Ҷϸ˿СӣжĺۼһᣬһͿ˺ͻյطһһ塣
һңҶһƼҹլ濴ôİ꣬ʵ̶Ѩ
ǲ߰ɣ˪ʵ
ȫпܣ߰ɣȥҶ˵ţʹСдܽȥˡ
˪С͸ҶϽ˶ӡһУϤą̃ףҲǸճһģһ
һģһ˪̾
Сĵ㣬Ŵ򿪵ģҶϻص
˼ǵѾ򿪣;ˣͬʱҲˣһŵĴ򿪣֤ж룡
Ҷץ˪֣˻˶ӣߵſڵһ̣˳׵ľˣڼѼ֮ëضǡ
ѪʬҶϾסǰ˼һ֮ڡ
ڽеһ̣Ҷ϶˼ëһλŮ˴ҴұȥϸһĭĭȫϺ֮ɫǽʬҧˣûгˣ
ҶϴӱȡһɰۻƵĻĸ˪˪Ҷϵ˼ĭеһЩΪɢʬһЩ
ҶϷ֣ǰ˼ͬľһףһСףѪȾѪɫ
Ҷǰϸ˿̶һĿֻǣȻûһټѨĿռ䣬Ҳһٶƽףûʲôսǻ߿ǽǡ
ҶȷĿһʬץ˹ײУǲԥͽִ˹ľ
ڴ򿪹ľһ̣һŨŨʬϴεĿ׾飬Ҷס˺ԣһһʬҲû֮ڡ
ֻǣ򿪹ľһ̣һֻͷͻȻڹײУںɫĳëһ糤ĺëУֻܿһ˫۾һ˫۾Ѫɫǹ죬۾һ˿Ĺâ
ҶЦתͨһɲǣڽʬո۾һ˲䣬ð˻棬һѨ
ʱЦµĽʬǵڶĺڽéɽУѾڽϸƽ֮Чľǻ𹥣ԣҶ𣬴ʱ
ֻǣ˭Ҳ벻һ룬ʬ˳ڽҲˣ漣ˣҶϼæû֮ڽ֮Ҳûͣܣ͵Ͻʬ߷ʽһģһ˫Ų䣬ȴٶͿ죬ԾѾӳţҶϵĻ𹥣ûһЧǽ˺ڽ·˼ëյһһŵı˻ɫˣʱƤϣһɷëսζС
ҶϼڽѾˣʹæľУ˼ټĿʧôһСѨ֮Уұ֤˼ڹľУǣһС
ֻǣŹľпһ֮󣬾ͳ׵ɵˣΪмһŮʬȫ㣬Ҳ˵ղߵĽʬǹײеԭˡ
ϸһҶסˣ۾úһԲĹĵģȴ˵һ仰òž˼
ŵĲǱˣǡþ˼ֻǣʱѾȫȫһʬ壬ͷһöͭǮ֮ǰĹľŮʬһģһ
˪Ҷסˣͻæܹһɨһ۵ʱ򣬾ͳ׵ɵˣ⡭ⲻ˼ô
ô˵ͨ˼ôˣҶڼ壬ȷѾʮʱ֮Դһˡ
һ̣ҶһʹʧȥһʹֻҶϸȥүүȥʱ򣬲ŻУ룬ȥ˾ҶΪԼѾΪ˵ȥˣǣһ̣ģҲһΡ
ʮˣϸ磬Ҿ鲻԰˪üȻ˼Щ飬ȴҲȲҶôԣǱȽǵġ
˼˼ôأҶɱʧȥѵ˸гУʱԴհˡ
ϸ磬ܲ˼˪ҶѾȫԿˣǴ仰
ǡҶϵĴԾ񱻵һ㣬Ȼ˹
˹㿴Ĳ˼ҶһѣŵŮʬòˣȻ˼Щ񣬵ǣ俴ŮʱӦʮ˰ɣ˼Ҳʮһѣ
⻰һڣ˪۾ʱ򣬼ò仯Ҷϼһģһ
˭˭˸ߵĵУȻܹýе˾ܲþҶϾ̾
ʹʱСľ֮УûײĵţСӵĿֽСӵҶϵ˼·æСľĿϼ˺ۣſСײ֮СԾǺ֮ǰһһλСӵʬ壬ΨһͬľڣεСӱ۾֮ǰľͺƵĶˡ
ֻǣҶ˫ֱʱ򣬼СһͻȻ۾Ĺ۾Ҷϡ
ҶϽｻ˪֮ԼĭŶⱼˡ
ܿ죬һӵض뷿䣬һа꣬ҹܾͺûʲôһ
Ҷһ˵˪㽫ĭ䣬󷨵Ⱥȥ˼
š
˪Ӧŵһϵе飬ҲûһðյľˣԼڻǲʿˣ
Ҷ϶˷ʱͻȻһСŮܳԼʮһ꣬СӣڼҶ϶˵ʱͻȻͣ˽Ųת
ꡫҶһ̵ôˣһֻƼҹլȻڵĹࡣ
СŮҶ϶ˣЩӵӣŶһʵǿ𣿡
裿Ҷϲ
ŮˣҲˡء磬㡭ܰ𣿡СŮ
Ҷϼæֹ޻ãһЩҲûʲôȻڿ֮󣬾ͱˣ۾ĲˮѪӾ͹ҵˡ
ڿǾͲˣҶͻȻСŮ֪һЩ飬ƼҵĹ֣ô£ûСŮ
ҡҲޡޡСŮ۾һͲˣĨƽˣͱˣһű¶һݽȥȫûСŮɰˡ
ָģɣӺ֪ô˪æ˵ˡ
СŮܹɵıˣתһͱ˸ռʱǸģˡ
Ҷ϶˴æĭ˷䣬ڴ֮ĿȫͿɰЩʱֻСͷһֱվһԶԶعۿڸܵɰ֮󣬾˼ȴҲû뿪
æЩҶлСŮˣתʵСͷƼҵŮˣ֪ʲô


110 Сͷ
ҶʻˣСŮɵҶϵԣȴҲЩ裬ĿҶϣʵ磬ܰҵ𣿡
ҶֻܿЦ̶صСͷû˭ôң
˵˵粻ƭңȻҾⱲӸ㣬㡭ڣǴׯƯŮˡСŮʼˡ
СŮĽҶ϶Ƽҵ˽⣬ѾȷСŮеĸ׾ڴׯķˣֻҶϼҪ˼Ҳûж̫࣬ӦŮӵҵ˼ٰĸס
ȻƼҵŮôӦ֪һλý˼ɣҶʵ
֪֪ղŻڷأСͷҶϴӦĸףͱֵĺܻ֪޲ԡ
УղţҶʵ
ǰǽôʱ˼ڴվţˣųȥġԣˣһֻСͷɷ̫ˣ£ˣ˼Сͷص
Ҷϵ˵ͷоȻ󲨣ʲôʱϣʲôʱ˹ۣԼҲֱ治ˣΨһֱ濪ģ˼ˣһֻɷȽʢСͷˣ
Сʲô˪ֻпܾǵһν붴Ѩعף
¡Ҳҿڴ¡Сͷص
ҶϿЦӴʲôУҲһǰֻСͷ˵ɣһ۾ͿһֻС
ϸ磬ȥ֮ǰǸӿɣƾߡˣҵòֻʬ֪ܵȥˣ˪أҵ˼ȴҶϽض⵽ع׵ĹԼһĭѹҲСʬʱп֣ܳοƼҹլĹ࣬Ǽʶˡ
ҶһƼҹլĹֵЩΣôĹȻһҹլټϵµʬԴһң
ҶϸҪ̤ţͻͷˣСͷһע⣺СͷпܾҼļУҴһȥѰҰɣ
Сͷ⻰˷ܵĲƨߵߵظҶˡʵȴ֪ҶǱģһֻ۾˹ֻСͷȴôҲаɣΪа
ȽǳǸӣ˭֪СͷǵС붴ӣܵɷӶݣҶӲץ˽ȥߣһָˣ
СͷֻøҶϣ˼ͲҪҶϷСͷһ˶ˣСͷŵöصɷ磬ҡ˵ţͽҶϽץסҶ϶һ˶ˣ
붴ѨֻײģСͷȴֵĲ£ҶϾʱСͷ˵ôһ仰˭ҵķôݳޣͨѪװޣҪôĴ۰
ҶͻȻʶһ⣬Ϊȥ˼⣬ʱ򲢲ģһΰɣ˾÷ǳĹľͿѪǿĴˣڹԣô֣ҲһӶѡͺñ˼˷ӣ˭ҵķ޵ݳޣڸţڹ죬˲־ĸоΪǾһס˵Ķѣ
ҼңжáСͷʢĹײģɷˣȻ˹ײģ
ҶͻȻ뵽һ⣬ܹƼҹլԭƼҵôĶйǹ£˵ֻʬҲǱƼҵµջ
һǲ⣬ƼΪʲôҪô֮ѵΪʬʬһλ˶ԣʲôã
뵽ˡ֣ҶͻȻʶһ⣬ƼҺ͸ڵңǵǶһУʵȻƼȴɻڴˣҳΪСسһָĸˣȫʡΣЩǮôģ᲻ǰĹײģʬʲôأ
뵽ҶٿһʬͷͭǮͻȻ뵽һ˵е󷨣۲뱻֮󣬲Ҳֻô
ѵ۲󣿡Ҷüͷֻǣéɽ۲ûôӵ
ֻڲ֤ʱƼûо۲ƣ;˼ûйϵҪľǾȳ˼ǣû˼ӰӰ
Ҷ룬ֻײģʬϸղŷֵĹײĺʬ۲ôӦûֻײûҵ
뵽ˣҶͻȻ㲻۲ֻعף֤ͬòŶԣҳֻҵ˼ˡ
ҶһץڹײСͷͷܣ
ڰɣڰɡСͷ̰˳ˡ
㲻𣿡ҶͻȻʵ
Ҷϵ㣬СͷָǣᶨĻصҪ衭Ҫ衭
˵£ûعףȴҶϸżûֻعףпֻعܵһȥˣСͷץ˼Ӧþֻع֮һһεѹʱѹҶϵϣѰ˼̲ݻ
Ҷϳ˵ضҴұ˷䣬˪жţк˪۲ô
µ󷨣éɽֻἰһ£ûϸļء˼˵ɣ˪Դܺʹһ뵽Ҷϵ˼ˣ
ȷȻλɣҶʵ
ʵҶéɽҲ󷨵ֻƣȥֺ£һ۲󣬷Բһ֮ڣܵӰ졣۲֮ƣʵȡȡ˵ĲˣΪԼƣԣû⣡
Ҳֻһ󷨶ԣй̶Ĺɡ˪ص
Ȼ˵ϡĸ򣬶۲ƣҲ˵ϡλҶ˵һץСͷͷܣ
ţҶĿǰѾֵѨȷ򡣵һηֵƫڶֵƫϣ෴ĵطȷ
Ҷһӣ˩ϱλһӣֱһӣҵмӽλãƼҴԺ뻨԰У
Ҷ԰ýŲӵĽ㣡
ཡ·նжϣȻйŹ֣
ҶϿ˿棬ĵ棬ѾһûжĺۼҲ˵ų˼
˩һһͷֱߣһֱߣߵĹУŸһֱڳԣǲǻеңһֱһٶףá
ҶһƼĸ֣ŲͣſڣűҶϾọ́ҪδһЩٺõķգһЩйɣ
ʧˣһָϣһָָ򣬶˵ĵطҶһ߾УҲһûٿûй
෴Ķߣ˼ָ벻ҡˣֱָҶͻȻ˾ץСͷŶȥˡ


111 þ
ҶץһֻҴ򶫱ȥƼլ󣬴ӻ԰ֱ򶫵ĴŷҲһҡһ׵ľ룬ҶϴԼʮӵʱ䡣
ܲͬʱҶϵһֱû뿪̣ڴſڣͻȻͣ˽Ųǰһָ෴ķ˺һָǰ
ҶýŲ˼µ棬ȴµĵطкι죬һָҷһָ󷽣ҶüͻȻһ̧ͷĿ˸Ķͷ
ƼҹլĴŻǹϵ¥죬һ¥ǹ֮ϻһ䲻ôķ䣬ҶϽĿͶһ䷿ӣȺεƼңû䷿ѵй졣
뵽ˣҶʩչֱͽͱڵĹ򣬺ܿ㵽˶¥ڶ¥ⷿһСҶϲûмųȥſڴһۡ
һֻع׶ʱһһİε˼ϵ·ֻعףǼǧûмŮˣֽŶڲͬʱ˼ѩ׼չֳˡ
ҶͻȻʶʱٲ֣ðɣһλúõĻƻ̣ˣΪصȴЩع׽ɫһ棬ؼȴҶһʹѪʱ򣬾֪˼ͯŮˣͯŮϵѪһڹ˵ǴƷ
뵽ˣһȭ߷˴һǰѾվ˼ǰҶϵͻȻ֣عף˭˵ͲˣȽأټҶʿѪһأôͻȻɱֻع׹ŵ˺ü
Ҷϼæ˼Լ£̶תʱֻع׶űѪһ߻ھƹҶϣ͵˼塣
Ҷϰ˼ôгһӰӣģļ
뵽ˣҶϼæջԳ˼룬ȴͻȻԼҲůæָȥãһָȻҲѪˣҶϿЦڿֻع˼壬ҶѾ£ȴܿһЩأҲʵĸоˣҪҿһɴһ뷨ֻǳС
Ҷһ˿ЦᰡĻǧ֮УͨתζֱƣһҶϸܵͨҪˣһһΪ׵һλعף
ع׵һ̣ͨպ壬һǿĻ棬ֻع֮һ壬̼䣬ֻع׵屻洩һӣ󴩳ȥһȭͷСĶӣ߾ܿһֻعף͵һֻ⵽ͬضˡ
Ȼ㹻ľȻʣֻͻȻֻܵͬһ˲ȥʱˣŮȣɹͬʱֻʶһ⣬ҪõŮҪҶϾǵϽʯҶǲǾͲԸԳˣ
ֻ˴˶ñ֮һϣɱһŮһá
⻰һֻع׹ˣ־ɱУֻĹ⣬ֱҶϣƿƱҪһսҲϧʿײĹ
Ҷ˿ղ͵Ϯɹһֻعףʣµֻ֮Ҷع׵ʵʵҲ뵽ˣҶһľһĹ⡣˫ֺʮֻУ㹻ͨһ˵ʵңɱĹ⣬ҲպٽҶϡ
ӭľһֱһֻعףֻع׵ҲĽƶһңľĻɱȻֻعվȽŸѪľߣԼת׷ɱֻعף
ҶߣֻѾֻһ׵ľ룬ع׵ٶȣһʱ䶼Ҫϣֻع׾ײҶϵϣʱֻҶɱ۾üĿ΢ͻȻֿӭֻ
Ҷַ棬ƣĹ⣬ѾٽˣͻȻð棬ʤֻع׹ӶݣֻǣѲĻ棬˵ֻعףأһֻ첲
ֻҶ񹦣ҲҴˣתܣתۼ䣬ɫǵʧܣ
Ҷϼæܹȥ⿪˫ְڷ˼һǽǵСͷ˵˵á
¡СͷѾ³ҶҪտ˼æص
¸񰡣عѾҴˣҶϾţˣôûһӣ˼ɵЦѹףֻҧ
ҡðɣðɡ磬һҪҵ衭Сͷ϶Ļص
ոȥס죬ҴӦһҶ
Сͷˣæػ˼ԣĿҶϡҶҲ𣬾Ͳǣ̧ͷͷڳС֮ǰҶϾѾע⵽ҵĲ˼һһСײġ
Ҷץסһֻײģʹ˹ײ֮ϣ
˹ײ֮ϣҶϺԥһִСײĵĸӡιײҲûжʬйֻǣҶϿСӵӺ󣬾Цˣԭλعյýظ֮ϣһڴС˿ڡҶϾֻʬɱֻ֮һ
ţҶϽľһһ⿪˵ϣЩѹ˴ˣҶҲأ̶ִǸײģһλŮʬ֮ǰһģһͷһöӲңۡ
ҶͭǮ϶һżŮʬòһϤȴҲ˵ʲôط˴ǰ޷Ǿˣ˼ѾˣŪĹ֣ȵ㣡
Ҷתϵ˼Ҫ뿪ȴСͷǻͷСͷſڴײ֮ϣĿ
СͷʲأҶʵ
ʳڣҶѾ֪ˣĪСͷҵ裬ľѵ裬ôɺϰɣ
衭ءСͷͻȻ޳֤ҶϵĲ²⣡
Ҷ֪ʱĵʱ򣬾ͼæкСͷСͷĻѾˣһʬûһã
ءСͷţȫ綼ֻһˣֱҶϣҶϾúܲˬ
ҶΣȥץС֣ˡ
С䣬ͻȻǿҵĹâ̼۾Ҷǿ۾̫ϦգҪɽˣ
ôǰ죿ҶϾ֣Ȼǰ죬СͷأһϣӰûСͻȻñһûˣæӱϷ˼
ꡫһҶϷһֻֽˣֽڷƮƮ˵ϣ
ѵǻþҶͻȻֵһУѾȫԽֻʿɻһʽȫ̵ɣ
ֻǣصʱ˪Ķţĭ
ˣ˼ҵûУ˪æվʵ


112 լ֮
Щ滹Ǽ٣ʲô棬ʲôǼ٣һ̣ҶԻˣͻȻһ˿â
˪ǰ˵Ҫչ˺öĺӣ㻹ǵôҶͻȻʵ
˪仰ʱ΢΢ٶһЩߵĻصҼǵãԡ
⻰û˵꣬ҶͻȻһȭ˪ǰ˪۵һ˺ʮಽǽˡʱһķŭվҶϡϷ͹ˡ
˵ţ˪վˣվĹУȫһϹ⣬ЩϹ⽥ʧе˪˪һҶϤס
ڣΪʲôҪôҶ۶ڣаޣڳֵһ̿˪ףԥˣһȭʹϼһˣ
ҶϣұþˮˮҵĶˣʱɳƼңƼΪʲôѣԸҵ㡭ǣ㲻֪ƼҵĵضܡҶϵһȭܵˡ
ҶЦƼҹլܣһ̾ҪҿˡҶϲСƼҹլ֮һʱ˼Ҷϵ˼ʵԶڳеڣһջٵܵϷӱޣϻҶϷеܡ
ǣƼҹլʱǡüҶϺ˪˵ңһ̣Ϳʼˣ
ڣҵѰɣºûһϵҶ֪Ĵ¾̾һ˵
ǣΪɵ𡭡˪Ѿ֪ҵܣ֪˶ҶϣƼڹķϣҴӦλ֪ľҵֶŮ˼˪־͹Ƕ£ɱ
ҶϿЦҲķôҲǸжôʵ֪һеʱȰȰڣ۲ˣ͵ʲôҲ֪˭֪ںˣûü˵ЩѾ·ˣ
ʱӣ㻹ڹ˼ˣһ·ʱ򣬱᲻һ·ԣҶŭˣͻȻˬʵЦˣȥڵĽ飬ôһЦˣΪɱң
ЦˣЩŤͻȻЦˣ˾ˣϷûʮİգϷᶯô
ҶϲòϣƼӣϥӣڶܱ侲һ㲻κ˶ģڼȻԸҶˣֲҶֻع׵İΧȦô򵥣ҶϾÿЦǣֻع׶ǺʱģûнӴŮˣֽסǣҶɳΧ
ʵʹ峤ƭҵʱѾ֪ˣֻһֱ벻ͨ㾿ʲôҶϿЦһ˽ӻìܣɵĴ峤һЩµʱҶѾˡ
Ҷϣ˽ӲûңҲˣͻȻŴŵĭ
ʱ򣬵ĭȫͬɫâɢȫһģȳӡ
ȳӣɹˣҶϾ
ûϷǻ˶飬벻ɣȳһȳһյ˴
˶飬ôһ£éɽҲᵽǣҲ⣬Ҫ飬飬͹ȫ£ʿҲܿԣҶϲžȳӹ죬ȴһֱҲ
ԭ¾ľڤʱ򣬾ѾʼˣȳӵΪٵĳеߣٵʵȳӵ꣬˽ӣٳɹȳٽ˽һ˳ĵȳ壬ȳӲˣˣԻҶϲܽ͵ٽ֮ˣȴͻȻò˵Ĺ飡
ͨЩҶϻһ²⣺ڣ˽ǻģѵ֪
֪۲õġЦŻص
ΪΰɱʱҶ϶ԽԽˡ
Ϸôأ⻹Ҫллأ˽Ȼص
Ҷϵ˵ͷһУԭˣׯħֻʱĽˣ˽ӵĸֽһսˡ
ֻǣҶ鷢ŭˣǶԸ˵ģο̫ͨǴĴεͨ飬ֻˡǱҶϻһݣֱţԸˣֻҪɱ˷ŪɲзʲôģӦò⡣
ǺҶϳˣҪȷˣѾƵܷ񷴰ΪʤͿԼȭŹˣ
Ҷӷɿ죬˫ͬʱأ˫ȭֻͻͻȻ˽ӣ
ȭٶȼ죬ڶԷΪǵĳЦҶʱͻȻ˫ȭˣ˽ӶȳӣжͲ㣬һתҪܣΪʱ˫ȭֻһ˲䴷˽ӵĺ󱳣žйѵ
˽ӲҺһʱأӲôҲ벻ҶϲǵȭŹҲ˵
һﲢ£ȭſֱɱˣֲȴǷɱ֮УʬҲ飬ë鲻
ڵӶݵʱжһС죬أðỤ̃һ˲䣬䱻Ũ֣һҲˡʱ򣬾ĽŨзӶ
ҶɨһۣЩ죬һλƼҹլģǵһֻѾѪ֮ˣôˣѵ
ûѪ֮ей궼û˰ٻ죬죬Լɵİٻ֮У˽˵
ҶĿٻ᲻֪ٻԴڻ죬챾Эʿ׽õģڴѪܳΪɱ̺֮ͻ࣬ڻ쾭ʮʿѪ֮ٽУҪưٻ죬Ҫǧ꣬Ҳһǧֻ֮꣬󣬾ͻ໥ɱʤ߻ڻ֮УΪﵽƽ⣬ҪȥܶĹ
մʿѪĻ죬ȴʿУЩʣǿĹ꣬ȴҪ֮˵ʹɴ˿ɼһ㡣
ҶתͨεͨʹãʱѾͨЩˣ۵һεʮ֮һû⡣
ڶϯʱҶͻȻһҶûкһͨƣȫʮֻײϣһ˲ҧסҶϵ壬ʹʱҶȫð𣬻Ȼȴ㹻ٽЩˡ
ꡫһҶһ֮ڵĹ꣬һ˲仯ҽ
ǣ˿ӰԷʵٻ죬һֻ飬ʮֻˣǼʮ֮һʵҶ϶ԣͿɽˮˣ飬ͨɹˣ
Ҷϣ񹦹ȻҾͲɱһٶֻһԣ˽ˬʵЦ
ǣ仰ƺδ˽ͻȻˣֵŴ⣡
⣬һˣһ˲ײ˴һֻߵľͷһ˴Сͷô֣ڣһˡ


113 Ƽ
Ҷͬʱע⵽ˣƳһ۾֪˭ˣкϷˣҶϲδһᣬдһǰſӶݳȥ
ҶϳԺӵʱķֺ֣ˣ⾿ô£ǲһֱڱأ˭ôţƣܿˡ
ʵȻҶǰһѨģѨбˣʱѾˣһֱǺҹþģ˽ӵ֮Ҫ˵ĸߵͣҶû˽һ裬˽ѧĶһЩ֮ͳéɽ֮ԣܶ෨ҶϴδһЩéɽɵʿҲδؼʶôĻ
ഫԴйĺһ־ĹͨǿľһЩǲ⵫ȴصĶͼƬҩʹԷ뾫㱵״̬ʶвָĻþڶг֣硶Ӱߡ֮һֻǶеĻѾʧȥζˡ
ʵڵģڹŴкܶ鼮ˣ˵һʵٶķӡ䣬ߣν֮ν֮á书գԣ书ǳ֪û֮Ҳʼѧӡ
⣬顤ǡ顤豴κ顤򴫡ͼ־мأйŴĻ࣬紩·ڻߣոͱ㣻͸ӣȡηױ㣻ֽ֣Ȼԭֵȡ
ЩԭΪ˼Ƶۡ׵ۣЩСϷѧȥƻաԳˣթлԱõʹ͡ݡ̫ƽ顷Ԫ꣬Ƹڰ¥кֵԴΪϷΪֻϷǻŪգʣҪٽ׻ˡ
֣һԳ㣬ɰ̴㣬޻öɵȼԱ˲þڶôñ˲ϡɡĿ֮顱ѺԼĻöԼתξԼ޷ŴΪʵ˶ѵľ磬ܵƸı䡣Сȫרע̶ںλáӶﵽɷķֻ߼ģйŴķ
ҶеĻǵֵһݱ䣬˽֮ͨҶϲ޵Ļþ˽Ӻ˱ĭ˪Ҷûз֣֮Ƕû߳Ҷ϶ȻĿ
Ҷ뵽Լ˻о֮ôҲ벻ϣéɽͼ־֮УҲһʴͽһ»֮й֮ͨ
ڲȵʱŵһֻ̣߳ƴӶȥˡߴһţŨ̹Ḻ́꣬һ룡
˽ӺȻæ˰ٻ죬ٻǷ˺ܴ۵ģҶǹ̥ȫĻʮֱֻĪɱĴһ룬жڵѪˡ
㡭㡭ʲôŵõǽ֮
磬ôܲʶأҶСӺŪҡſ˵ˡ
㡭ôɴˣھ֣ڵƶʵһ˲ľ֮ѾָǣھΪһ鷲ӣڵ㹻һ۷
ʱ˽ҲָˣһߺڣҶго㿪ˣֻ΢΢ĳɣϼһʹ˵ߣĳҶѾſˣȥ׷ɱɣºûʲôϵһˣ
˵ţ˽һȳһգľսĴӴߵͷ­Ա߾Ǿո߳ңһڴסСӣѪմȬ񲻿գ
⻰˽۾ˣû뵽¼ɣȴǰ·ɱҧԼڵѪһɣһɵı壬ˣӻͳɰһ˰ߵС
ڴڴڵѪѪɰǸܲģǣ֮ɹ棬Եɺ֮µȼѪ⵹һ֮ܲ߳ʹͷһ˦ϼһӳȥײǽϣصʱ򣬴ڴڵѪ
һᣬҲҪŪ֮һڣǼɱڡ

˵Ҷϣ֮󣬻ѽ⣬һжѾʵܣҹɫĵģͻȻһӰӴ÷򱼳һ֮£ͳҶϵļϣ
ҶϺϤĿζҪȷĿǣ︺ˣͷһۣĿЩѪΡ
ֽţ÷
ҶĿ˸ñȥãһӴзɽȥˣҶ΢ɣһ߿õš
ҶϵһкöˣԣöĹţһλ˾ʮ̫ţ̫ſȥȽͣĿ侲Ҷϡ
Ҷϼæ֣˵˼ߴطˡ뿪гĿôɵˣЩɵ£
ʹʱһϤϣ
ҶתǽǴ˪ĭȴ˼Ҫأ˪Цָָǰ棡Ҷ˳˪ָ˼һλԱš
Ҷһǡǲǡ
˼ĸסڵΪ˼ǸŮˣ˪ˡ
ôҶϲ˪ûлػ˼ںҶϣϣһ£л˵
Ҷ˼ΣͻȻЩŶƼҵɣ뵽ͲòԼˣƼҵãѵҰãǲô
ţҶЩľګǰߵ׷ԲԵߣ̣л˵
ǺǡҶƼҵ˼Ѿˣ⺢ӱɵֶΣǵǸͬʱҲΪƼҽȳλл㣡׷ԲԵվܷѾҶϾһ
Ҷһͷˮ⾿ôأ
ʹʱӹȺһλСŮСŮ˫Ŀ˸ֻ۾Ȫˮһ峺磬硭лл㣬Ѿҵ裿
СŮҶץԺӱܵСͷֺ󻹸һλŮ⸾ŮҶҲӡСŮſڹײԱ߿Ůʬ֮ꡣ
ŮߵҶԱߣͬʱģŮˣһλ˼ĸףŮˣһСŮҶϰΡ
ǡҶϺµһЩҲûг־ĸŮˣολӶƼҵˣѲĺڵɱԼҵ˰ĳ̶ˣҶϽѯʵͶ˼


114 ۲
˼΢΢¶һ˿Цݣһ˿ЦݣҶϿôĲڣյ˼ˣ˶٣˵ϣģ㽫ǡ˯֮ǲȥ˵ضô
˼ļ򵥽ܣԭߺ󣬶һֱ˯ڣҹ˼ˣܣĭѾˣ˪ҶҲûһӰӣҪȥѰң˭֪ʱ˼ԺһλСŮܽ˷УιһСŮӣ֪ײˣŵվڴϲҶʱҶϺ˪ˣСŮˣæҶϵ֣˪֣ȴԼֻԼҶ϶˴˵뿪ˣ
˼鼱֮£׷Ҷ϶ܣǣոµ棬ͿһֻӲСˣСһţץ˼ܣС˼һضУйײĵǸطתˣ
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˼ϵĺȣϣҶĺҲ֪˶ã˼ͻȻСײеʬȫڣǸոմӴȡһ˹ײС
˼֨ˣʬѨгŷëսζǣʬûлԱߵŮʬ֮УȴسһӰӣӰسΣ˼֮࣬ŮɫЩϤСʱ
ʱӹײ߳Ůŭ֮˪ҪɱйԹʵνץͶ̥ץ˵йʱԹԲŻԹ֮˵ԹɱˣֱйеԹȥͶ̥ˡ
ȻֻҪ˼һɱˣŮɷһٽ˼һ˲䣬˼ͻȻ˴˭С˼
ŮͣڰУӲһϸ˿˼˵ˣ˼
㻹ǵСʱ㾭ȥҰƶҵǼ꣬˯İ˼æ˵
Ů飬̾һƮ˼ߣ˼ͷ㶼ôˣʮ˰ɣ
⣬˼޳ˣһ꣬Ƽ˵һجΣһҹ֮䣬ʧŮˣӣŮ˶ƼҵϱӶƼҵͳѪ
ȻˣŮ֮Уһλ˼ĸף˼ӿĸʧ󣬲죬׾ʧˣ
˼ʱľĶʱҲ𣿡
ƼҾʲô£˼ʵ
ڣǸ˵ġ˵£Ůҧгݡ
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ŮҧأĬ˺һȰ˼˰󣬼̶˵˼¹ޡ
ŮˣŮĽ˼֪һҹ˯㣬ͱˣƼ˴ע⣬⽫˼Լһ˯ַʱҹ뿪š
ֻ˺һӣ˵Ʊˣҿȥɣ
ŮŴˣæ䣬ͽ˼£˼غ˼žͿˣڡ
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ڵضУŮӻıװ˹ײģǹ·̶ͷһҪŪҲͰˣʩ֮ȻĻڣߣ
ңһһСײģСײ֮ģǾʿū۵СӣСһþعףһû飬ôײеߣ
˼һѺǶ˵ҲϺһڷˣ
ǣΪʲôҪô˼һ벻ͨɱϱҲͰˣϾƼûѪԵϵǣɱӣأʲôԭʹҾ徣߱ɱѪ׵
˼ƼǲǺǮŮʵ
سǮļˣ˼ͷӦ
Ů˼ײԱߣָʬĶͷ㿴ÿʬͷһöͭǮʩ˵۲󡭡
۲󣬴ͳ۲ͭСͭǮöСͭǮһöһ̶ֻͿɺ׻̺ɫÿϵһͭǮ½ԿɡѡϣĸλڼвȽĵطһ̨ӣϴͭǮͭǮ֮Ϸ롣ÿʮϰ˵зʳõĶǼʵԷáϷ㣬Ҷ̷ãȼ·ֻºô
ܾ۲ƣȻ۲󾭹аʿĸװµķչµ۲ѡŮΪ۲֮ԴиݵģΪŮ˱Ƚϳּңһ㶼취޼ǮƼҵŮˣӦƼǮԣѡƼŮΪϵԭ򡣵ڶͷһöͭǮͽŮ˺ͭǮһ󷨵ҪŮ˾൱ͭ塣
ԱߵعףΪѡƼҵΪƼѪףĲˣͻᱻֻعɣֻعƼҵĹ൱ڱƼҵˣƼҾܷɻڴ
Ҷզ಻ѣڰڣӾͲõʱ㱣סҲƶ͸㣡ƼҶ壬аĶˣ
ֻǣںҲˣҶͻȻ֮ãںѪֲһŮȻԭǰѾɱԼˣȻԼģҲǽ׵ĺӣ
ʱ۲λõŮҲعѾãֻŮһθмҶϣż˵ԭҶ֮һ򿪹ײĵʱ򣬽аʿΪ˱ײĶڹײеĻȼˣ̶Ͳ˻þ
ڲþʱֻع׾ʱɱ˴ߣع׵ְ𣬵ǣû뵽Ҷһֻعף
ҶϺ˪ŵӳ£˵棬Ҷִ˴֮ϵǼ䷿ӣʵҲں˽ӹⰲŵģǹųʬ֪ҶϵĴҵʣµһǾͽܻ˪ĭŪãȫˣ˭֪ƼҵǾˣ
Ҷһ䷿УĴֻعֻ֮Ҷϴ򿪵ײ֮عףֻײеŮˣһֻСͷ裬Сͷʹȥã¸֪Ƽҵȣ


115 Ѫ
ԭƼ滹֪飬Ƽ֮ȥ˾˾ˣü˶ûеõͶ̥Ļᣬ˾ǵɾƼ֮£Ҳʲôֻûصã
ǣҲʲô֪ƼҹլȽأҰ۲ΣвƵͬʱҲҰƼΪ˱סԼĵ̣ûٺ͹֣Ҳɢ˺öֻƼȹ꣡ģƼҵľӢˣ
Сͷĸȥø淢ڵʱ˼˼ȥĸˣڶİ£˼ܿҵĸ׵ĹأعױҶϴһϢʱھޣͱԹɱˣɱıȽǿץУֱˡ
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˪ĭҲһ㴫ɫʣĭ˯֮󣬼ҶϺ˪椲֪ԵɵĺܷŭֱʵԸע뵽Ժĳ䣬ҶϺ˪ӰӣǱ˳ȥĴѰңҶ϶ûţȴӴԺĽҵڣ
ĭһİˣΪ˼ά϶С͵ˣǹָڵԴ־
Ҳһ벻ƼôһλǹĿˣΪ˲һǹˣںܹɣֵͬʱ˵ᣬᣬŻˣǻģڣˡ
ĭҲûԴһ˹ʲô
ⲻһ·ϸϻ˵ˣڻص
̸ûбҪ̸ȥˣΪĭ˵һε⣬ֻϺ꣬Ҳ׼ĭȥˡ
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һĭˣòȴˣȳˣȳһ־ס˪ڲ֪ʲôʱҲˣӺһ˪ͬص˪ʱѾУֽŲûаǱһȺΧסվ֣Ҫ͹ƴʱĭˣ˪Ҫ֣Ǿģ
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ҶⲻڵôҪأ飬ϣԼһͷײ˽һ̤ţͳɵˡ
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ʹʱˣХų嵽ſڣڼӵĹһԼڵʱҲסˡ
ҶϻͷѪϢһδ˵ʱƸأһᣬǧѷĻᣬﲻֹһˣˣһƸԭͻͯڣΪ֣Ҳδؽǽ֣δܣʣµıֻн𽣺һѷˡ
ڽ𽣿֮ʱҶڽĲͨתһ˲ִ𽣣ͻȻһţҶӷɿ죬˴ߣ
꣡һ죬߻ûзӦ壬֮ϵĻ⣬㽫ǰһڴСĶӣζĴƮ㡣
벻̣ôһȥټ֮ǰɰķգȻһβҶϻʮಽõţҲﳹ׵ƻˡ
߼߶ʮһתӣӶݵͬʱлڴ𣺡Ҷϣƥһģ
ߵִ̣ţҲܺͻ̫еñˣҶ뵽ˣЦˣ׷ɱģĻ᱾٣ǼӶݵٶȣֻϧˣڵͨǸղųʤһƵУҶûĴңĵУֻͨʣ¿տˣͺûз۵ķ䷿һˡ
ҶϻһܣڹԽ𽣵ļɻ䣬ͼæ˽𽣣ڹ˵ǵѾˣδͿǵ˼ˣ
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ϡ㻹ȣ̫ŲΪڵûһ顢ɫʣ
ѣҰҡڼҶ˪ĭ˼ھ֪תˣǹؾͰݣʵڵȴҶϵ˵˼
ϵһ仰Ѿ֤Ѿ¶ˣһ۾һɨ˵ͷܣ
ֻǣûܳͱֻԹˣ
һֻԹӴڵϣˣҲӶˣʵһѾܲµˣ
ҶͻȻʲôתͱã̶Ÿոմ򶷹һͿסȥ
ûܳҶϾֹסŲˣУԶȥһֻʬϱȳӣѾԶˣֻܿЦһսߣ
ۻƼõʱ򣬼ѪȵһĻڵԼ࣬ѪԵľ
˼һҶϽˣͨһ¾ҶϵĻУᣬͣس鴤š
Ҷ˼ļ˵ûˣûˣǾȡյñӦ
ڰ˼ͬʱҶĿƲĭʱ򣬼ĭƤ촽ҧѪˡҶһĪ˷ܣһֱأֺҶԳɣһܵ˾ţʱҲΪ
ĭע⵽Ҷ֮ͷŵѪȵĳѪĳ棡
ҶϻȻ򣬸ĭı仯ܵ˳ѪĴ̼ˣ뵽ˣҶϾĵİ˼ʱܸܵ˼ʹһĸ׵һɱĸ׵Ǹڣվ˭ϣڵģһڵѪ
һӺһͷûҶֻܸܵԹԹڲϵĽֻͣԹҲ֮ǰһֻôˡ
Ѫ֮󣬽ӽˣ˼ĸ״ҴұץҶϵ֣Ҷ֪˼ں㣬Ĺ¿˼ͽչˣ


116 ֽ
ѵиô
һ˲䣬ҶһɵˣиѵϷ绯ڣҲʵУ
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СߺãСͷʻҲΪҶϻ˲Ρ
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ҶϼæͷȽ˼ĸתʱҶЦǺǵĻصĸİɣԺһúչ˼ģ
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ҶϱҪôģ˵ŮǰˣҶ֪һģ㲻ҪҷģԵˣʵӦ飬ͷûʲô𡭡
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Ů˵꣬ͺ˼û˵仰ͱˣ˼ᣬĿĸʧҰС
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˪ĭھҶϵʱҪ˵ʲôţֻǶ˶㣬΢΢䶯ʲôҲû˵ͺĭһ뿪Ƽá
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ҶϴʱʶԼĻѾ˺˼Ǹȥ˼ֻ룬ǲһ㲻¹Ļ͸ȥɣ
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ƼҴԺҲûеط˯һˣȰףһˣһϵЩţһصʱƼҴԺ鸽ƽֻǣ϶׳۵ĴԺѾ߰˰ˣͺԲ԰ַࡣ
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ʱһֻֽڼ˵ʱͣ˼˵ǰ
ĭڴңһֽǺ棬һץУιǿֻֽܷа
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˾ˣôأͻȻֵֽʲô⣿
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ҶϼǵһΣһλСӣŴȥˣڹ㶫ƭ˼һϷС椻˵Լסسǣ󣬼νسǣƨׯС椲ˣεܣСӸýһһεץһеͨѶߣ椻Ҫܣûˣͽÿǹ··һǸʮҲҳˡ
椾ͷˣСӵĺӣСΪԼĺӣͲˣ͸·Ů·ˣ
СӼмˣûлҵĺӣҲˣǼҵ֣˵ʲôҲҪһʱҶϻڸУź棬ȥˣ˵ˣŮѾǼУȥˡС֪ԼΥ£˼ҲˣĻȥ¾ô֮ˣ
ʱĭ飬ʱ鸽ʱ򼸺һģһᣬɬѶ˵ͺ͵ʱһģһ
ҶĿ˸ĭʲô˵ɣ
ĭ⻰ĴҶѣԺоŤһŤһҶϺ˪ˣ֣֮ڣؼ
⻰˵꣬ĭʱأȽŲһûжˣ
ҶϺѾˣҶϼæĭһ̣ҶѾ֪ץӵҵˣȻľȴǶԷãã˺ҵǣǿ󣬴Ӹղż̵һ仰Ȼǵһ˳ơҡҲ˵θĭľȻץ֮˵꣬߹ϣǧ֮⣬ܸ飬˵ĵУֻͻͯڣ
ҶϾ͵аһˮĭУλŮӱĭȥ·մ·ڴˡ֮Щ·͵طա
ֻǣĭһֱԣͻȻֵĻ̫ǿˣĭ꣬Ȼû壬ûСʱѲˡ
ϸ磬ô죿˪һʳ⣬ѾϰˣŭѾͬҶϵĴڡ
ĭˣǾͻȥȥʰһɣҶһѾǽˣֻػҲһʱ䣬ȻԷˡ
ֻҪԷ֪ͨǣǲ֣׶༪ˣԷɱӣ˸첲ʲôģȻ


117 Ůʬ١
˪뿪֮ҶϽĭԵʱ䣬ʼҪĻָͨǿĵˣòĻָͨؼ⣬һԵĲһˣ˹Ĺʦ
Ȼʦأʦ磬ǣʵսʦĪˣոߵ˽ӣһڻкĴʦǲòʹðٻԸҶϡʦͲһˣ˺ܶƶЩƶɱ˲գ۵аħֵĳԣΪ˺ˣԣֵĹƶ¹ˣҲҩ
ƶҲʲôҩжĳӣ˵춾Ƶķһǽִо綾ĶЫЫȷŽͬһڣʹ以ʳɱʣµΨһĶǹơƵ༫࣬Ӱϴ߹ơȮơèơЫơơơɹƵȡȻƱϿ֮ԹƾͱΪܷΡá⣬һȥٵ֮߿÷ңعƳʩּ亦ڶ²ķŲɣ꣨1048꣩нιƷġηһ飬ۡǧ𷽡ݸĿҽжжй֢״ϸ·Ƶҽ
һУ֤йĴϸٹ̣Ϲ㣬ĶڽǰϷﵽ̸֮ɫĳ̶ȣ
Ҷ뵽ˣһָͨһֹͣĭĴͷתͨһĭڡ
Щ˰Сʱĭˣ۾Ҷߣ¶һ˿Цݣôˣ
̫ˣû˯ԵʰɣȻˣȻǾͻȥһȥǣҶЦʵ
ȻȥˣǳģΪϲﲻˣĭ˵ţ˱ӡǣոͿԼϵ·ˣܸܵԼڿ㶼òˣ;Сͣһ·
ôˣҶվӭһ䣬ʵڵ˼ˣڳ֮ǰǾ֮ܵǰöԲߣ־ܣ
ѾǻˣûмֻƵǣҲڵǻˡ
ľͷˣ˭һ·Ҵ㣬Ҫ㡭ĭţҶȭߡ
Ҷϱĭ˼άЦŻص˵·˪˼ģң
ô˵ĭɵҶϡ

˼߳ţ˼˳ͷײĳϣҶϺ˪˵ϳɣ
ͬĻصĳ̫ŻȥҶ϶˾ܾˣĿȴţ˳ӣʱҲڸԭ֮УҶϲУ¿ԼҲ뵽ˡ
߻ȥĭһĿ֮˸һķʽɻȥô
˰һĭҶϿЦΪϷأڿ֩
УҾˣҿߣôǡĭ˵꣬˳ӣӺ󣬾ԹԵĿˣ
һ·㲻ˣ˪Ҷʵ
Ǿ찡˼㻹أҶϻص
˵ʱͻȻĿһ˪쿴ʬгˣ
ųԶȥһλʬٶȼ׷ĭ
ϸ磬ĭΣգ˪Ӧ
ߣ˵ţҶϽ׷ߣһһ̤նȥ˪һҶϵıӰЦѣҲ֪Щʲô
һ֮ҶѾԶȥʹæ׷̤շжȥ
ĭһĿﶢŵҽУץײĭĭĿȻһʣǣӴıϾ٣˽٣ļ򣺡ŶǵٺҶϻϣ
Ŀһֻצָŵһץ
ĭʶʲôˣҧأһ۵һֻŮʬҲׯʱһֱ׷Ůʬֳˣʱһң
ĭ¼ˣһ䣺УУ㶪½һ˿Ȼȥû꣡Ȼ˳ǿǣѾ֪׷а֮ͲʱˣҲǹŮʬֶԺ˵ˣǼ٣
Աϣĭһ̤ţðŹỤ̼̃䣬ٶƮˣٶȣѾֱܹˣ棬Ͼöˡ

Ҷ׷棬ۼֻˣһƺܸܿϣ˪Ҳ׷ˣҶϲǺԶֻǣ˶û뵽ĭʱ٣ǾԵķǰˣǸ٣Ҳ쭹˼ޣﵽʱˡ
һĭ͹˾룬ͺҶ϶Ҳ˺ܶľˣǸʬƴ׷ϵĻǶᱻ˦ˣ
Ҷھ̾ĭͬʱȷʱĭʲô£͵һ˪Ӻ˪ϵ˽ż׷ϣȴһֱ˦󣬺ŮʬҲ׷ӿٶȣ
;Ӿٹ·δ򶴴Խһɽ£Ҫתɽ֮ɽټƱȽϸߣڸԭˣһ죬ѩɽͲòˣ
ģ·Ҫ㲻ɣĭһ·̣òǰٶȡһ·˴ѩѩȫڱ˳ƣзӱţˣǰһңҡڲĭֻܿЦ³ǰȻŮʬûǱԼˣ
³ĭҴҹӣھУҵĭҲеͣӵٶȱһĳ˾ö࣬ӵʱ䣬ѾҺӣɨһۺ׷ŮʬУɿӰӡ
ĭûзɾ裬УҪ˵ӰӴϷˣĭһ۾ϳˣҶϺ˪
ۣԭʿţƣ⵹ǽԼ˺öǮĭھ̾УȴˣǾЦݡ
̼䣬Ҷ϶Ѿ˳ӵԣҶóι򿪳ţ
ĭĴмЩжæ򿪳ţϳϳ
ҶһѽĭƵʻλȥԼһ˽ȥ
ϸ磬ô˪˳ҶҪˣ⵹ǵһμҶϿЩ֮ǣ
ǰϣһɣĭص
ǹۿ˵ͣѵֱĳܱȣҶϷһۣһ˿ӵЦݡ
ֱһ̣ĭŻȻԭЩȥˣֲҶϲˣͽֶܴϻˣԭǾֱħһѵģ
ãֻҶһӾӵһȥˣŨѩĻ£ܴ
ǣþû߶Զǰһ״һӣͻȻҶϼʻĳӺɶϸһŮʬ˫ӣ֪ʱŮʬѾǰˣ


118 Ů
Ҷһʱ֮䣬׵ɵˣ벻⸶Ůʬôİ취ǰĳӣԱͺܴ󣬾һƺᣬײڳϣҲ㹻ˡͺͷɻװз豸һɻɵĹУٶȼ죬ǺСײһ𣬶п¹ʣײϣбըĿܡ
µٲȷɻȻҲСصĶ࣬һײһ𣬺Ԥ⣡
ҶһԼ侲ԽԽĹƣҪͣƵǲܵˣһ·ܻɲڹԵ£ǰһףڶͣ£ӻǻڳϣӳú·һ
뵽ˣҶҧأܾûмݳˣټڵСγ;ӵĳ޷ȣ˵ǲһεģΪڱѡ
ˣٽʮ׵ʱҶ˾ģͻȻһٶȲ죬Ҷһ
ӣ복ӽףԵǰ˫ٶȿһգ۵Ĺ򣬾ײһˡ˪ĭͣŰۣŮʱĹԡУ
ֻǣٽһ̣ܶ˶һ˲ó侲ڵĭ˪Ǳ۾ȴһ
䡫һˣڳӵУˡ
һ֮漣ˣ˪ĭ˵ڶ죬ҳһεڳײͷϳˣʹö˲۾
ڶ۾ʱҶЦǺǵŶˣĭ˪һ˲ʶǻǰɣ֮ĭƳһҶϣ㻹Цˣ㲻һô취ɣ
˪ҧ촽˵˵ûʲôûȥˣϸ磬취ɣ
ǵͷúõػŶã˭ûȥҶǿЦáˣõűԴ˵ô
˪ͻȻѣһͷϵĴĺУаˣʹá
ǰɣҲⶼˣ˽ϣڹߣİɣܲҸ󣿡ĭû˪Ļ
ûûԼһԣ˪ҪڳֱģСͷײڶˡ
ĭһԼԼһ⣬ҲЦˣĻʹû
ϳ۵ģõҶϺ˳ӣȥȥŮʬûУ˷ܰɣ
Ҷ˳ǰ˼ͿײòĸŮʬȱ첲ˣԽҲһأľûѪʵǸʬˣѪأ͸ɿˣӵٸ飬Ҳˡ
ҶƲƲ죬ղŵһĻǺ²ѣڹײڳӵһǰʹֱɳ֮óӵͻȻأйˣ˹ϣڸ٣ǰûѹƹӣɹȥײڸŮʬϣǡüأһ̣ڵӰУ㹻һˣ
ȻҶʱһ죬۾ˣæתһӺǵĳ׷βˣų·߻ȥˡ
Ҷһ˲侪֣ŮʬŪˣŪͲˣ֮£Ҷһδʿͽֽס˻еĳӣʹơ
Ҷϣ㻬ף·±ϣͣˡ
ĭ˪ŵӲսս˳ĿԾ˳ӣ;Ҳ̫ˣв죬ȴҲֻˣҶϰɣһĹ򣬾ˡ
˸мĿͶҶϵʱ򣬾ŻˣҶϰ±ϣΨһľݾһСİǱȽ׶ϵľʣĶ죬׶ѡ
Զ복ӣ£ҳŲסˣҶϺһŵ椾ѣ椼æˡ
ҶϼѾԶͻȻ֣ӻ£һǰվڵˡȻովͿײŻˣǰĳӣǰĳ£ҲҪȥˡ
Ҷɨһۣһλ󺺣ʱѾŵĿɿڴˣæһ߷˳ţ󺺴ӳ˳
󺺳ˣҶбһųӣбŻгȥ·ߵ·׮ϣӲûеȥ
հ˪һ
ѽľͷˣҳӵˣôȥĭüʵ
Ҷϻ˵λҶϵ֣һлĴҲûУݺݵصҶһۣȻ󱼵ĳԱߣʮĳӣĶˡ
ʹһӣֱ˻ҳӡ˵㣬һӼʮ򣡡
Ҷϱŭⶼʲôײɣͣ·룬Σ˿û۾𣬾ײˣȻҶоǴ󺺵ڳ㳵
һֹʮɣҶŭ
ΪӾô㣬ˣʦҲܾȻӣ˵Ƕ£ӳӣ󺺲ġ
Ҷϰľϸһλ󺺣еãϸղŵĻ϶ͬˣֻǲ֪λʦ£Ȼʵͽܣòϣ仰˵Էʲôǵġ
ι˵֣ʦأ˵ʦأ˪ˣ
ʦӣûܹļһĭҲŭ
ٸƿСӷֻɫǣ
⻰˵꣬ҶϾЦˣΪҪ֣һܿ군ˣŮǰ˵ǣȻһ̣ĭˣĭֽ죬ȴȭţǼһ˪Ҳŭˣûоô֣Ϊһʿٻеʵģڴ˼ţ󺺵ȫˡ
豨ץȺ쵰󺺿ˣóֻҪ
ô绰ˣҾҪץȥҾǾ죬Ϯˣз̰辯죡ĭ˵ţóλε
´󺺼ˣֲ˻УĿĶĭ
ҶĿһһɱ˰ɣɱʹʱ󺺴ӻȡһֵСֽӣ˺ӣðһɺ̣һ֮£Σվĭǰ
ĭܾһۿʲôö˼սҶϺ˪
ҶӸ죬ʱŮǰһĨɱСһֻԶ㣬˱ʿùӳԣ
Ůʿ֣һ˿ɫȴҲûж֣ҶϵĿ⣬˻ա
ǲʿɱǣŭһ
Ů⻰ȴһӣ˾ͷһˮҶϾζһԣ
ŮɫҶϾ


119 ʵ۴
ŮɫѾһˣֻɫſˮһһĿҶϣͬʱϵ·һһԶ䣬˲䣬ϵһ·ŮվҶϵǰ
Ǳ˵ŮȻɫȴǾԵˣˣѾŮоƷˣĲһ㣬ģ˶
ƷƷˡŮƽ
ҶĿĶԣҲסôһСʹʱҲ֪ĭһվҶϵǰԶ㣡
Ů⻰ŮֻȤڿֹˣҪƴˡ̼䣬ֻ׼ĭһҧȥ
ʱҶѾعͳһѷ䣬ŮѪ֮Уͬʱͨתһƣ׼Ůһ
һУŮأɢˣ
ﾡǾ֣ðɣ䶯һнӲסŵƨתܣ
ĭ⻹ģ󺺶𱨣Ǻ޵ҧгݣ׷Ҷϲ¶ˣҹɢæкĭ
ĭĵĻˣȴˣգ۾ϣǷɻȥɣһûзɹأ
ɻȥҶϺ˪
ôˣǲǷôĭʵ
һ˲䣬ҶòǵȷǷģڸŮʬѾˣʲô׷Żȥͱˣ
ʱˣɣȻǻزˣ˪Ц֮
ĭ⻰վҶϵԣЩӵŶˡ
ɽҰ⣬ֻûй̧ΣҶһʵܶĹڶȥ˿ܼĵطˣȻ࣬ʱ䳤˲ãǣ˿ڶĵطʿҲ࣬׬Ǯ
ʲôڵĵУǶҲշ˪ѾȫҶϵʵˣղųɱǸٶȣɱ˵ĻĶࡣ
˪ôһ˵ҶȤˣǾ͵ʩкַܶʽһ㳣оɣɣɵȣҲʬҶϾͲҪô鷳ˣΪв裬õĲϡ
ҶȡһЩһֻۣʹһ裬ʮι㹻ˣ͵شתֽͨʮ֮һ֮С
ڲɢһ̣֦޷Զžžž
ˣô죿˪
ǿ죬йһֱǣǲ֪Ƕ񣿡Ҷϻصʵڸղ³ҶϾ͸ܵԲǧɷصĹڡֻǣǹһֱûг֣ҶҲǡ
˭֪ǸҪϢûƮǹˣҲ˵ֻģԼˡ
ĭŹգҶϵϣҶ廤Զһ紵ѩڿתҶϵΧм䣡
Ŀ޾ɵҶϵļϣЩ£ʱδȬûһսԣһֱܹɣղųŮʱһֱ˵󣬴ʱܵɷʹܵҶϵļϡ
ҶôӦǱ֮ľ֣ȵηʿ
䣬һЦдôĿڱٵĵ̣û˸ҳԲپͻСӣ
ͳҶͬʱ뵽˵еĴ֮ףַԸеԡĭԽˣͽץסҶϵ½ǣֵ
ʱһӰˣһ峯Ʒٷͷһɴñһرӣһͨɫòƺзôһƣ˹ֺһɱз˽֣Ͽɱ׹ݣ¿ɱƽգңǶԻϵĲңϡ
ͣͣͣҶϲϻˣĿ˸Ķеǰѽ𽣣ʵѾ֪ˣ˴ɷ֮λԱĹ꣬еǰѱ
ϸ磬ý˪һԾ̾
Աһסˣ»㵨Ϊ֮ȻзҲͰˣȻзⲻ
󵨵񡭡λԱûˣԷ⽨ĹأҪиҶϵأ
ס죬ǲǸմӷĹ֪ʲô𣿡Ҷŭ
ԸϽĹϵĻѾתپͳˣѵˣԱʵ

һʱ֮䣬Ҷ˶Цˣֻҳأ˵ɵأҶ̾һߵ·ϣ
ǣԱͼˣзӣд󺰣֣ô֣ϱң
Ҷ߻ʻȥĭԾ참ģҶֹˣڻߣԱеǰѱǾаĵһȸڵʿĽ𽣸һ
ʻȥֻгˣĳᣬȵʵȿ֪ʲô
ǲǹĭֻɵĿɰҲͲˡ
ǹ֣ǾˣԱʵ
һͼǰ˽˶ûǸġ
ҶüͻȻ˵ˣҵˣΪһĸĸ٣ǲǸǻȥ
˳ˣһյĵٸоƺڵѾкܶû˽йˣȻ˵ǸĸˣҪиĸٵӡλ˰һټӣ;򣬷£ҲǱٵȻҪǻȥ
Ҷϼæлĭ˪ȴסͣʵЦתȥˡ
Ҷл֮󣬼̶˵ˣĻ́ô
Ƕһ̧˾˵ĽӣϽΰɣǻؼң˵ţԱзС̶ӿڴȡһֻСУСڿнر󳤿ʮң
ҶͨɫĽӣͷҪǲǻģסˣ˼ͻȻԣʵ۳İ̧ΣһϽΣ
ʣ˪Ҳʣ˪ϽӵʱʵӺǻʵô
ǰѾͶ̥ˣѾûʲôôˣǳҲˣԱص
ҶһϽӵʱ򣬵˪һۣ⣬òҪֵڶΣ
˪΢΢һƺҶϵ˼˰̧ΣȻĭȴԥˣվڰ̧ӵԱߣҽҶ֣ӡĿЩԸŰ̧תһȦ˽
ˣݣԱ˵ţ˽ӵ£ŽҶ˵ķˣ
ĭϽ֮̾һоΣǻʵ۵Ľӣ̧εƷԱ˴
˪ĵضҶ˵ûиеԼǻʵۣ
˵ĭ˵˵ʬ׷ɱ㣬ô£Ҷ뵽⣬Ҳûܻʵ۵Ĵˡ


120 
̸ĭŮʬ׷ɱս࣬ҶĿĶĭ
ĭһ޹ӣƲƲ죺ô֪˵ǹҶ֪أ
ȵȣһ£ǵһʱǡһֻŮʬ׷㣡Ҷһֱ̫ˣµģ
˵Ǵΰĭ˺һϷһϷǡҶϲᣬҶϾϿ˹Ҳû뵽ˣߴߴĻصҺϷ
ûϷֻŮʬô£Ҷʵ
ĭ⻰Щʧ䣬ĬһžЦˣһΪΪǸԭûмأȻҶˣڸŮʬʵ
ĭĽ⣬Ҷϲ֪Ǵ鲻ʲôɺϣϽһϵеļ顢ɱ׷鵽󣬷顢ɱĭĻ֦չϾư
ԣ顢ɱŮνɣҶϷʵ
Ҳôģ˵ˣŮԪˣĭԻ˵
û˵Ůʬ𣿡ҶͻȻãĻӦûһλף̶˵ץˣ
һֻŮʬΪȻץˣʴֻ顢ɱҲûзĭص
ðɣôҲ˵Ҳû׷ȥҲ˵Ϊ참Ӿͽ᰸ˣҶϼʵ

Ҷһһʵûеʲôˣ
ûаһֱҴӣھϣ鿴ȣЩְܺ˭ԹĭҶʵͷԡ
ٶ㲻ҶЦЦĻص
Ұְֵϲ£н죬ҰְһЯģְֳ֮һֱչңĭص

̸˲Сʱĭṩʵ̫ˣְȷҲ̫ٽӴƵ¼ˣԣشⶼܷǳ²⣬Ϊһ죬ҲЩʧˣ
ϸ磬ʲôô˪ʵ
ʱ˵ϣȷһţĭΪȫסڹҲչһ㣬ǣ룡Ҷϻص
¹ǰȥסҼҰɣĭ
ðһŮӣʵģܺĭסһҲи˵Ļ鲻ǣ˪ӦˣͬʱҶʹһɫ
ҶϿЦЩŮӿôôأϿţʮӣһֱҪӣסĭôⰡ
Ǿֻĭˣ˪˵
ĭԼ˼ɣҶϴ
ĭ룬¾ôˣͼɣλʿһʲô
ţ̸˹ӵ飬ˣȥٵľ£ԷһλаʿаʿһЩΪڸڣҲͰˣվнİ취Ȼͷ۵ģǹ
ϸ磬Ǿֻܽˣĭ˵
ѡҵĵĲǻΪװҵԴУѾйˣҪ취ξȳӣҶһص

СʱҶ˹̧Σ峯ԱŵƻͨĳУʱȻѾӽǣִᣬڴкѷֳͺҹǵͷߣҹգҹ磡
ˣȥϢɣۻˣҶĿɿڴհҹĹԱ
ϵܣѵıˣԱò˵һ˵ôˡ
λԱȴ£ҪҶϤһµᣬСγȤڲΪǹˣִ̾˵Ĵ
ҶϹЦЦ߽λԱֻڳд죬Ȼ㣡
죬̫ϧˣԱεĻص
ȻˣԴʮ£Ҫһ۶ѣҶ˵ţ۾ԾԱıϳۣϵһֻУװŵз
ʲôۣԱװͿȴþ
ǿģʱҪٸңһ㣡ҶϷ˹Աˣֻʱĸô¡
һ·ɫҪˣԱмܲסˣæȣҶϵܣҸطҲɣҿŲסˣ
ҶóһɡͽԱٻ˽ȥ˼һ˳⳵ȥˡ
̫һôİ꣡ҶóԿףţ˾ͽȥˡ߽ȥҶϾüͷ˵ˣĹ
˵ţȥ˶¥ڷ˸飬ȷûв֮󣬾ʹ˴̱е֮
صһ¥̣˪ĭʰ鷭߰ӣҶϺֵǮĶ뿪ʱѾˣ齫׳죬ҲҲʲôƷ
ʰ䣬װ˷֮˾͹˯һþֱϣɫʱˡ
һ극Ҷϴһ绰Ǵ֮ǰѾ֧ʮԪСӵģҪӣҪС֣ΪĿʼСΪߵģ
ʿȾɣ쿪ʼϲַˣСӴſǻһҶϣȼֲ졣
ԭҶ뿪⼸죬ŮӵĲĺˣСΪҶϽһξЩණ˵жҶˣһǮֻǣʱ򣬹ţһؾ죬ÿ춼һΡ죬һŮһ˹ɹţֻܷȥˡ
˼УɫȻŮӸСӵһţŮͻȻأָ컨𣺡ˣˣ㿴컨ϵء
С̧ͷһΣĿ컨ϣ߰ĵҵĶǹһЩСӣ컨ȥ֣
С˵ץŮѾ˼Уʱ˲һؼңסһҾƵ꣬ҲҹҶϣֻǹɹţͻȻʶԼƭˣΪҶǮ·ˣ
ҵַһҾ͹Ҷ꣬ȻˣѾˣ
СһһʮĽ˵˵ڵı
Сʱ֮ҶϺ˪ĭ˳ˣĭģֻҪţҶϿǵǲڵʱǸŮʬٳһֻĭͲӦˣ˼ǰ󣬻Ǵˡ
ȥƵ꣬Ҷ˸̨ѯԽüķ䣬̨Сֱӻشǣ˵ǰˣǰһһ仰ǣ˵Ѿؼˡǡ
Ҷ˱˴˶ͻȻ˼ͬʱ˾Ƶ꣬һֱĿĵأһ̣ǶˣңĽѾʼˣ


121 ߹
ҶڰСʱ֮󣬾ͳСӵĴſڣǳֵʱ򣬼Ժк壬ǣȴǳģٿӣʱһƬڣЩ档
Ҷǰ棬ʵʱѾûбҪˣԷܵĿҲȷͼ򵥵Ķˣֱӽ̸ˡҶţ̤ӡ
Ǹո̤ӣͿһλι״ͷڿУˣСӺŮѣǣȴӵټ
˺˪࣬һԵĵۣҲܹ˵ģһӴӴˣӣҲûдΣôţ⣬һ첲ҲˣӸ첲⿪ʼһۣ˵ι״һҲΪ
ô״ˣһĭ˵Ҷϵ
ˣûУһͷӵҶһۣʵ
أҶϾ˾ڲҵӣҲһ˶ѣ£Īǻ˲ɣ
Ҫõؼȷؼ֮ȻӣΪ⣬ŮǴ߰ɣ˵ţϹһֻСˣС
СǶţӺվƶһӣƮģصʱͻȻô˺ܶ࣬ǣӵѾܻظôˣһ״Сܻظļˣϣҡ
ҶҡҡͷʾʲôҪ˵ˣһɡɡ֮У˵Ҫӡ
뿴˵ţָǽϡ
Ҷϵ˳ָȥǽϹŵʮӢߵĴӣ˵ԣʱԶˣͷĻ棬ʵĴҶϵ˵ǰ
ϣһòƵؽһĵطڵϣήӣֻܴ߰µĿһӰӣͣѾжϳû
ͬǴкɣȻǲ棬ֻܳΪϷˣϹŵӻ
⻰˵꣬ڶеӣ̧ͷͷ̹ȻЦˣϹɱңʦ˪Ѿ˹ƶϹǲ׷ҵģǿ߰ɣ
Ҷһʱ֮䣬һڵӣѾյľòˣЦôǣǿôĿɬɫɷֽһۣ˪̾ӣˣ
Ҷһֱ˪Ӽʣĳôһ仰治֪ǲӵļʳɹأ
Ҷ϶žǷϵӣ˵ˣ棬ѾƾˣһҪסһ
ʦ˵˹ƶӺ
ֻǣ˵ʲôѾ֪ˣӻĵԴˣϹһаЦҶϣ콻ƾȻӵҲұ֤ܻ죡
ðɣҪ˵õӷˣǽҩҶϻص
ǵȻϹص
Ҷϴӻȡһ飬ԶԶ׸Ϲ
Ϲһһéɽͼ־Ϸˣү𣿡
ǣȷǻƾ뿴ͼҶϻص
ϹҪֽѵǣһ⻰ͷоˣһһ˿Цݳ֣ûȷǻƾүõˣ
Ϲȷ֮󣬿ЦˣԽЦԽ̬òвŮǡ̫һ
ҶĿ侲һ̣ѾϹ࣬˵Ļδ棬ʹһɫ˪ĵشĭԺӡ
ϹʶҶһߵ춯ЦͻȻͣˣĿ֮Уɱڿһ㣺ûôף˶
˵ţָָҶϣͻȻһ
Ҷ֪Ҫʩˣһʩƣʳˮȳʳñ˽Ƴȥ߶ߣЫйĹƶ˲ҧܹߣйˣ
ȻֱָĹƶǾݱһ֮ʩƵĹƶɱ֮Уʩ߽ǵһָܹ߲֪飬߲Ԥֻ
ȻҶüİɱ촽΢΢һĬĬŹƹŲͨŹŲ
һƵһ̣ȴʵ飡ҶǰʲôײˣͷһһֻͣǰڣҧϹڣ
߹ƣҶһ̾գ
߹ƹ߹֮У֮һ߹ƺų߹֮Уƣ߹жģʮգкȻ͡ʳȡȡ졣صϡǡйжתؽᡣҩûκõϣ
߹ж߹ƺƣҲЩ㡣磬ֹΣΪߡΪڸҧͷҲʹҹëҧ⽻޷Ρ
Ҷϰ죬֮ǰѾ˪ϣ˵˴˻ʩƣ׼Ȼһˣ
ҶϣϷСˣȻĹҲ˽⣬ߣǲ֪λǲҲйƣ߲ҶʹʲôƽǣҲһƽߣڹһһСɣԼԣƽĹ࣡
ǣϹȴһЩĶܶĶûʲôѧԣҲûʲôɿԣȻȴ汲һ㶼飡
˵ʱϹﰵľΪʲô˲ͬˣǽʩƵĶתƵĭ˪ϣ
Ϲﻰ﷽䣬Ҷת㿴ĭ˪ʮֻΧ룬ʱһһ˻
йƶҶϺһ
⻰һڣĭ˪ͬʱϣֻ߳Ůǰ֮ǰһıˣ
Ϲɫһ˲ˣ벻һʱ֮䣬ƶ֣һʩƵĲ߹ƣһ߹ƣ
ҶϿЦļıɰҲһ˲䣬һŵϹʩƣͺðˣȻЧڡٹ֮顷ǣԷ㶷ʱ͵͵ʩƣ֪ʩƳɹҲ˵ϹҶ˶ϹҶ϶ͯڵʿһˣ
ϹԼʩʧܣо֮ٿҶϿƿЦˣһתɱǣһɱ
ѾʮֻЭˣһֹƶݺʮأԴӶʮǰүүϹǱʮ꣬ٴγɽѾе֣
ǣսܹһΣһεˣǿУ뵽ľǲսܣˣҲܱɱˣ߱ˣһȣһ첲һս֮ƷûжĶˣ
뵽ˣʮֻʬιĿܹɱҶˣԼȴѰһᣬʹߣ


122 ͷ
ϹȻӶݵ뷨ǣʮֻܹҲһ漣Ĵڣʮֻǡʮ󣬺һǾ˲ˣȻҶԵģǲһȺɱһȺ˸£
ӿµģȺǾѵɱ˹ߣɱһˣͺһֻһң꣬Ǽ˾ɱʱϹһ£һ˲ֻ߰ɱҶʵֻҪûܳʤһɱһĹ꣬ȻΪ˲ϹɱڣԾƾĴȴʹãĿǰ㷭ҲҪ˼ӵİȫǣ
˪ľ֣Ѫ棬̶Ϸһֻдݣٶȼ죬ԵǰľӦòڶʱ¶ùлɳã
ٿҶϣľڹȺУ󿪴ϣÿһ̳ЩǻֻٵĸˡĭߴʵҪȥԸĻ֮ˣ
ĭЩ£ؿˣԴӺҶһûͲǴŮӣһ˸Ҵԭʼɭָ𣬿֪ʵҶϵ˶ˣڶҲþ޲ˣ
Ҷսͬʱ۾ʱʱһϹĭˣҧҧ촽һֻɱҶϵıӻ־ˡ
ҶϹеľҪȥʱ򣬾ķ֣ԭŸ߸ЬܽɣֻΧ£ܶܵôҶǴ۽磬ãĭôһܣʮˣǸᣡ
뵽ˣҶͨһ˲ۣͨ죬ⲻǻƵһִ򷨣ַаȣȻ˻ùֹʮ
꣡Ҷһ̳һգ۵Ĺ򣬷Ǳ֮ȫð̣һιֻ
һ̣ͻȻţսĹڻ⣬ͬɢУסˣÿֻҶϵıˣ˵Щǿܣ˲ȫƣҲôһ˼άͬͺɱӺһͻȻֻǿĹˣкܶͻȻʧˣָоǲġ
ϹĿսԣӼᶨӶݵľģѾõûбҪٺҶƴһһһɱ
ʵЧһֱҲΪģȻڶ䲻ȴҲڣǾʹƹ֣ϹʹĵڶЧƿѪƴ
һָʣ¼ֻܹԴУͱ˷ţƹսķţһ˲䣬ÿһֻʧȥɣҲûһ˿˼ˣҲͲپҶˣֻһʱȫҶ˳
˪æЯϣҶУոշһεҶϣȻڶʱڣҲûôսˣԣ˪һ㣡
ͬʱĭЦ͵͵ӴܵϹͻȻȥһм򵥵֣ͽϹڵأһнͽʽ֪ھУʱѵ˼ٴǧΣԣĭٶǺܾ˵ġϹﷴӦʱѾ
ϹڷϹȻǣǷǹԣĭ֮󣬾ô޲
ҶڴܣĭһнϹϲſΣգ
ĭһͷˮòץһֻһץȥⶼ£˵ΪССĹͣپ㹻֤ݸְˣ˴ʱܷŹ
Ȼɵһ˲䣬ϹͻȻˣӱǣͬʱųһֻһֻԴ
ﰡĭţеϹȾܣ
ҶϿЦͬʱһһֻһϹһֱʵǵȴᣡ
һٽϹʱеľһ棬ʱ伸ֻһ˲飬ľҲûбջͳϹߡ
ͷ֣Ӿ뿴㾿мֻԴҶ˵ͬʱľƣʮ̳ľսһ̣Ȼʮа˾ŵԴĿǰֻʣֻԴЩԴûг֣ͱҶϻˣ
ϹҺţڵϴأǼϹͷоֻͷֻǣֻѾʱֻͷѪϣߣЩ߲ߣߣǼѪĶƣƲŲˣҲʵѪζջ󣬾˶Եģ
ԣЩƳֺ󣬾ͿʼʳϹѪϹץֶƣڴڵĳȥ
˪Щ죬ԽԽҶ֪ʵ̫ˣȴҲҶһˣͷ֣û뵽һʮֻϰֻͷ­ҲЩ̫˰ɣ
ʵͷֲѣéɽ䡰ͷ桱Ѿڣķ룬ͷľǾɱ
ͷԴӦǴ˵еľŷͷɫ࣬Ѽäҹˣޣ˼˸˻˵ƾΪȮһѪѪ֮ң׾̡
֮ۺԴһȷģа֮а֮䱾ԱȻаµľͷ棬ϰֻ꣬ںϣγɺ;ͷһԵĹ
ʵ˪Ϲһٶֻͷӿһ룬ȻûжӰʱ򣬾Ϳʼˣͷڡéɽͼ־͡ٹ֮顷һȻײȴǹԣ
Ҷϳֿ죬þֻͷϰֻͷۣΪͷʱ򣬾ͺպͶ϶ԸľͷһѶԸ
Ҷһóľһ֧ͨתľΧ˪ĹȺͻȻһâ֮һ˲䣬ֻܹʧˣ
ţҶϺԥǰȥͨתߵͷ­һҿһĹ򣬾ֻͷеİֻϳͷҶϿˣһֻʣ
ĿǰΨһʣµģǱ壬ֻͷҪҪĵˣΪǱ壬˵ԴһһˣϹɣ
ȻҶȴҿĭˣϣְɣʲôû
ĭ˼Ҳܼ򵥣Ǿ죬ʲôûҲ˵˲Ҷɱģα֤
ҶϿɬЦˣ߹ȥһ־סϹ߶ʮһӸˣϹҲͱɷһˣӲˣ
ʱϹȴЦˣڵϣѿЦͬʱͷµ˿ڣˣָ˵塣
ĭҶϲ֣ӵ϶һѰʣɽȥҪһϹ
ҶϼæֹˣʹһɫĭԸĶ˰ʣ
ɱҰɱҰϹϣҶϲɱ
ʰʰ㣬ĭҶ˵꣬ȡһľӽϣû취Ŀǰƻ⣬ֻܴһλһ֧ľԣǰװ֧


123 ֶ
Ѹٴ˼ֻҶתĭŲסֻǣȻһε͹ĭˣתʱĭ߸ЬϹϣһֻ־סϹͷ޼ƿʩ
Ȼ񾯲죬ֶιţ棡Ҷ̾
һߣʣ²ļֻѾҶϴˣʧȥϹĿƣѾûжսˣ˪һˣ㹻Ӧˣеľ󿪴ϣһʣµļֻ
Ϲﲻģ봹ŭ˶ңһɱӣ
ҶЦǺǵǰ°̧ϹӵĵţһûȤǣһʧһɱ㣡
ϹЦþᱻŻˣɱʶķſүүһˣӻܻų
Ҷϻ֮Ц
ţϹתε£˽ʬԣһˮö˺ˣţҶϺ˪˽һ·ɳϣڼв󷨡
˴ϹҪ뿪ȴ˪ͻȻʲôͻȥˣóֽͱʣһֽϣڻȥ·ϣҶ˪ʲô
˪ЦſҶϵĶϣԼԸҶϣҶϴһ˪࿴ڻһ仰Ϊ㲻ϲǮأ
ǵǮܲҪ˪ЦŻص
ιߴߴ˵ʲôɶӻһ˵ڵʱĭ˵
ǽǵˣҶϰһĭ
⻹ĭǳԴˣ˪Ц
Ųأһֻľͷˣĭһۡ
ȻϹȴһҶ˵̸Цһ䣬˵ɶԻ뵽Ѿ뵽Ըķˡ
£ȻһʩʧˣԶʧܣʩƻѾˣҶһϣѹ޷ʩˣⲻԶûлˣֻҪ˽ʧЧһлʩƣ
뵽ˣϹЦˡ
ǣԶԶû뵽ȴģ˼Ĵؼң˽ϹװһֻӣžͲˡ
ȻҶ˲ûоʹ˵ȴܳż컹˵׼Ǵȥ˸ոջǸС
һΣǲûȥСӵļУȥҶ֮ǰѾֵϹʩıɽ
;ˮҶóһˮˣԴҶϵҲӣڶ̫ṩɽԴԴϵܽɽ䣬ӵİΣֶһ㱣
ıˮ·̤֮СɽһУаĶˣֻѾʢ㣬һĹҲҿǴеһСҵϹ֮أϼһﻹǺܻѡطģɽɽȻסĶѨԱߣȴ˾󣬽յ˶ѨⲻʧΪУıɽͲ㣬֮󣬼еľ֮أ
ϹסĶѨһ֮أһ̤Уһ֮ҶϾѶˣСģ˵عգ
Ҷ֮˵֣ȻоΪλɭ
̤붴Ѩһɶζ˳ĺĻסˣסӣһ·ˮǳĳʪ˼Ҷͣ½ŲٽȥˣӲ
ǰɣϹס֪֪ĳѨô᲻أĭԻ
˪üһҲ˵ǵģǸӦһضһߣ
ĭϸ˸ղſĻ棬ʱˣߴطˣ˵ײײĳ˶Ѩ
Ȼ뿪Ѩʱ󣬳һ˫͵۾˫۾һҶˣֱʧڶѨУʧˡ
˶ѨҶ޲ߣСɽһӣһӰӶûҵͲòˡϹȥǸ취Ϲﶯ֣
뵽ˣ˾ͻȥˣصſųɳض飬ǹˣŹһ£㹻һֻЩĹ˿ͣ
˪ȥк˰ɣҺĭȥϹ죡ҶϷԸ
˪ͷҶڣҲйңǣǰ⣡
ҶϺĭ¥ӣҶ϶һԣʷĭǾ죬һרҵĶ࣬;ˣ
ĭǿһ־סϹͷϾƣϼһ˵㽫Ӳصˣ
ԭǾ㱾£Ҷϣǲ˵ӵĲ֮ˣϹݺݵĶҶϡ
Ҷ̯̯֣ǰûˣûа취ԸϹ뵽ˣаЦˣ
ĭʷ˵ķӶóˣõ˹ŴһЩ̣Ҷ϶ЩȥˣʲôϴϴָŮͷһˢӣϹһˢӣһˢˢǸ״ʵ˲Ҳ̶ãָȣϹǿžۣʼղڣ
㻹ôãϣ׼ʬ˪
ҶҡҡͷпЦѣֻܻصĭһϽеֶζˣ
ĭҲʶԼ˵ˣֻܵͷϻǺҪǿϹţеǰ취Ը㣡
˰ɣĭټѰӣɣҶ˵ţӿڴȡһŷ
Ϲ￴ŷʱ򣬳׵ɵˣһ۾ϳ彵ƶƷҶôôĽƶ֮ȷҶڹһǴʦġ
ʵȴ֪үүһʱԼҲ˹ƶļڣүүԼΪоѰн֮ȻԼڹƶ裬ˣȴЩϣЩڡéɽͼ־֮м¼
ҶϽŷϹĶͷаЦƺˣԼҲһ¹ƶ֮ʱĸܰɣ
һвŽǸ÷ӡסʩ˵ʩȴӡƶɣһƶͻ᲻ϵ˵ꡣ
ƶ˺˵ͬʱ˸˺ܶʱ򣬼˲ԸʩƣƶʩƺˣȻͻˡ
ԣҶĽҪƶϹ壬һϹԳܾʹῪڣ
ӵİΣҶϲǲģڵһϹõƾʹ˰֣Ҳڳ²ߣȻΨһ֪һʩϵĹƶһй˵ʮ֮ϣҲ˵ҲϹ
ЩҶһĬĬΪţӸǺá
ʱ¥´˴֮ҶɱȥĿһҶһ¥ݣ


124 
Ҷϳһ¥ʱ˪ѾһֻˣһֻйҲеʵ˪֣Ҳһʱͻˡ
Ҷһ̸£ʹˣ͹⣬ܶʱκ֮䣬ⲻڣȻ仰ҲЩԹʵڵᣬܶʱ˺֮ĹϵǼ򵥵ĽǮϵǻʲôڣ̸£ðɣԺ͵İˡȻ͸ֱһЩһЩֵҪ󣬻Υԭͻܾһŭˣͻ˴
ԣӪҵһʱ䣬Ҳкüδܼ¼ˣֻЩСС֣׶ԸģȻҶϿյĴܵʱ򣬾Щɵˣ߹ҿҪ˪ƴ
ְɣҶվ֮ڣŴܵĳ棬붯ֵģѾܾûжˣӰɣ
Ŀָʾڿն𣬾ץѨһ֮£ץס˶һɲǼ䣬ˣֵҶϡ
Ҷϸ˪䲢ûи˾ʵô°
û£һֻҡ˪ػʱЩڡ
ҶüҲûٶʣ̰ɫ֮ˣ֣Ŀɱɣ
ĿĿ˸⻰̿ĽֻצӣѾ֮ʹץܿץһӡ
ɱ˪ͻȻ
Ҷϼæкס̶֣ѯ˪һص˰ɣЩС£ﲻ߰ɣ
ҶԻɨһ˪ĿǿЦתţԺע⣬Ȼ֮ʧ٣
ֻû˵ֻض˪˪ǣԹԵĻصȥˡ
߰ɣҶ
⻰ͷɵҶϵļϣеĶ顣Ƕʼû˵һ仰뿪ʱɨһ˪ʧĵط
ҶйʧҹɫУЩ֣죬ȻôһСȻȷʵƵģһٶʮ͡
׼ʱˣڶ죬һ磬˾ȥֱˣĭҪ£ֻȮȮЭȫӣڣСɽ֮ĵض֮ҵӣʱӣȻһϢҶϼæһˮúȥȻˮܽⶾȴҲһá
ӻصһϵеˣ֮󣬾ȥϹˡ
ɺһҶסϹͱ˵жˣȥӣһѪܵĹͳ׵ЦˣϹ벻ӻܻŻɣ
ϼһˣϹƶɣʱѾҪˣ̧ͷ޾ɵӣڿӵʱɫʱûɫʣ񶾵ӣߣܻҲ졫
ӻ죬ܿȥӣаЦ
¾ôˣֱһڶ죬һȥˣϹɲ죬ӵķ䣬֧˪Ҷ˵ʦ˪ãһûа׻Ҫˣ˪Ժֻܽʦչˡʦ
ҶһӣѾٳƺӵˣΪѾݵĺͨ˲ˣӡ棬ҶҶĵĻص
ûõģ游̤ȴҲֻһʦ˪úãֻҪ֮ǰϹԼĹƶԼҾˣÿÿҶϵֶΣͲòˬ
ȱ˵ˣϢһȥϹҶϻصʵھһȭϹֲǰһ̣֮ʱΪ֮¡
ţ˪ſᣬĿ͵վţҶĭļ򣺡
ĭľګĵ˵ͷҶϵ̸ѾˣʱʹҶȥһ䷿
һţҶϾʹӣ棬ػӵĭŵһ£
ȥʰҶڷǳķѾʧȥˡ
˼ҶĿɱʹҴȥˣһӣһ̧䣬ҶҸζϸ˿ڻպ죬žϹȫȥ̣Ĵ֮ϼһﲻҲһվڶˡ
һδ֮ϹڳŲסˣҲͨˣǿڵҿԸҩǡҪģõҩһ·
ҶĿ˸ڻǳŲסˣЦͬʱȴһʹӦˣϹﲻģҪҶϾ͵ط¶ģҶιأϡ
ȵȣʿĲôİɣϹҶϡ
Ҷֻܰʿķķʽʼģ·̳ľأ̫ϾɡΪ֤Ϊ֤շ¶ģõҩϹ뿪ԺѰ𡭡Υ
ϹҶϷˣڷˣΪһʿģǲӣԺͲʿˣûʲô㣡
ܸҽҩ𣿡Ҷʵ
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ڹ֮ɽѩʵģǳգЧǣɵҩҲǴˡϹ˵
ҶҲȷǲģǣȻѾһ˿ϣͲܷˣڴʱǶգɽѩ죬ͱõѩˣ
ţϹнƹƶɢ˵һҶϣҶʩϵĹƶ
⵹һķǾʹ˹ƶӺϹŴ֮ˡ
ţҶͣ㣬ʱһȥ½ķɻƱ˪տӣСʱ֮˷ɻǣ̤ϷɻͼһϤ˳ˣҶϳ׺գ
ȥɽȥʲôҶɨһ۳ǰĭ
ԭĭҲ͵͵һƱ֮ǰ˷ɻʱѾڷɻϵˣվкˡ
ĭ۾ҧ촽ɷ
ɷ֤ݾץҰҶϰһĭ
ǺǺǡòײ뵽٣Ҳһ;į𣿡ĭһСŮ˶ӻص
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Ҷ˵ʲôĭǲ·ɻɻˣֻܴˡ
Сʱ֮󣬷ɻʯӷɻһ·ɻ˼СʱĻ𳵣̶ֹһ⳵ֱɽ
ڶҹڵɽ¡
Ϣһɽɣĭ۵òˣ۾
ϢɣҸ֮ǰҶϻص
ҪһȥĭĻص
ഫɽû㻹˰ɣҶϻص
Ҷ˵ĭûˣҲöѿ࣬ʹĭҹɽ


125 ɽʯ
ɽûôߣҲͣҶǴȥصģΪԼԭӦزˣֻѡɽɽѩѩ
ҶһһɽȺ壬ָߵһɽ˵ؾǳѩɽһ˰ɣȥ
ʵҶϱģȴǺůͣĻ֮Уһ飬δǺ£Ȼ˵ֻ»ֹЩأ
ţϣʲô㲻ܶңĭűѩأлЩµģֻǲ֪ΪʲôԴӺҶٴȴһ˵ĸоָоʹԼŵ
У˾ͻȥҶϰһĭ̶˵ɫ̫ˣһǰ㿪ͨĿɣ
ͨĿ˰ɣ¿ÿĶĭЩ
ĻܿôҶϻص
Ұĭ֣С죬һСŮһ
Ҷ΢΢һЦʱ飬˵ж༤ˣһ˫֣в֪ǣ˶ٻˣȻʵȴδӴһֻϸ۵֣һʱɵˡ
ι֣˭ǣĹǡĭЩˣ˵žҪԼ֡
ҶֱѵĳٶȣֻԼѾõ֡ץסֵֻʱֱֻǣ뵽ĭΪ˲鰸ӲŽӽԼоһˡ
˶Ǿ˳Уĭһк·˶ЬٶȸӵĿˡ
˼ѵһС壬ҶϻܣǱ䣬촽Ͼͽˡ
ĭ䣬Ҫǰٶȥ֮ǰҲѩɽһ壡Ҷ
ﲻߣѾˣĭص
ǻܷȥҶϻص
һ⻰ĭʹսҶϣؿҶϼϣϣңﲻǶɣ
ﵹûУϴһֻҶϻص
ĭһˣֵҶϡ
ʲô㲻ûмֻȻҲôʱ·ǣҶϻص
һǶţĭС죬˵ˣҲ֪Щʲô
ҶΪĭˣʹóһɡŽ㣬ɣ
˻˵꣬һ̳֣ڶǰۣһ׶ҵСˣɴ˿ɼȻѾָһЩȴǱȲ֮ǰ
Ҷ̾һ֮ǰùĶҩţŽ㣬˰ɣ˾ڶʱڻָˣ
⡭֪Щҩôģһ˾ļλ˫ŵҩϣҲҪ̫ˣһҩҪٴִܻ㻹Żʯɣ
˰ɣˣֻ̫æˣ¸ˣҶϻص
Ÿж飬һ˽ҶϵĻУϣã
ĭҧ촽ŶŵĿ䵭ͬʱһʶһ⣬ҶϣѾǵΪһҶˣ
뵽ˣĭ̾һĿȺɽʱоЩɽȣԼģѾй֮޲ıˣ
ҶĶŵļ򣺡ϰɣڿ֮Уͻɢ
⻰ͼæһȥˡڲ֮󣬶ŵۿɼٶһͺһСˡ
̫ˣҸоԼȫ˷ܵĲ
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һԽգվڿŻͷŶˡҶϴæó׷ĭĽϣֽλҶԼĽϣĭҪˣûзɹҪ̬
ĭһۿѵĶţҧ촽Ҳ£ܷɣҲܣ
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ٳֻͶŽȱٶȣ޹أĭҶϵ˵
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ĭҧأ˵һԽգʶʵҶ࿴
ľͷˣʲôȻ׷ˣĭڿȻ̫ȣȻ̬ȴĺã
ҶҲٳɣǵʱޣʱ䣬˽ֻʱˣΣǲҪõѩҪȥκҪκˮǧᣡ
һԽϿУͷŵһȥûзյʱ򣬿̫䣬ڱѩУľҪᣬ˽˼ʮ·ЩŲסˡ
Ҷ룬Žĭ˵ĭһ߷ɣһܣԼȻǵ˵һ壬Ѿɱˣ
ӻǲȻܵ׷ƣȻǰȻŲҲͣܲܲһһֱͣܣ
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ҶֻεƲƲ죬Ȼĭ˵Լܷˣ˵ʲôأֻԼСĭҲ֪Լ֧ʱ򣬾ͣ½ŲɷǰˣһҲɵĲ
ԼһʱҶڵ˵һİɽҲɲˣˡ
Ҷϸ֮ǰĵϣλãӦľɽδԼǧңѩĵشϢ˼ӣֻһƬһƬѩѰˡ
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Ҷֱʵƿԣĭ֪ǹһ£ЦŻصǲѩ·˰ɣ
ĭ˵ͷȴ˵ʵ仰ʵԣҲء
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Ȼû߳ĭ;ֵŵ棺ϣ쿴ôĽӡ˹һλأ
ҶϿЦҲֻŵķΧУɵÿɰ
ҶϵͷϸһѩһӡӡʮңֺӡӣɼûлѩӦǸ뿪ﲻԶ
ʹʱͷʯˣͬʱ̧ͷһǧʯӶͷűѩһѩˣ


126 ѩ
һʯͷĵ֮ҶһɫӰžʧˣҲûлϸˣ˫ʹĭԼԭվŵĵطƵڵأ˳ʮף̶ӱϹȥˡ
Ҷϴæһ־סĭֱţķʽһ־צһӹ⻬ıϣָץŶӵ´һ׶೤ӡǣڣһֱֱ֣֮۲֣飬ס˵ơ
˴ʱٿ£һٶ׵һ£һ˲侪ֵЩսˤȥǲʲôˡ
Ҷһ˾񣬻ͷĭ˵ץסҵĿȥ
ĭЩ˼ԥһΣ֮ʱҲ˲ôˣ͸Ҷϵֱۣ˫־סҶϵĿ
ι᲻ϣĭˮҲסһ˵ء
ӵģţƤܹסٽĶİɣҶϻص
˵˻ҶҲҵˣǴʱɳһʯͷض·һҶ뵽ˣ˫־ֻӥצ⻬ı飬ҶϵצˣӥצץСһÿһȥָӡҵȡ
ҶϺɽһӶ͵ıϣһߣһߵƶ
ǣ׶࣬һ׶͵ƽصʱͻȻܱԶĹֽʧˣҶϾãץң
˻˵꣬ԼڵıͻȻˣǵһֱžҵĲܵı鶯ˣһ㣬ʼ
Ҷצٴƶסƽϵı飬ʱѾܶѪצƿֲӰͻȻֵѪһɲ
Ҷϼӣ˵һӣѾƽأ̧һֻţҪȥȻʹʱجˣץĵ棬ͻȻˣʧȥ֧Ҷ϶ˣһһı飬ˣ
Ҷ»ĹУûзɾ裬һʾץһѨˣһסˡ
Ȼҵĵ𣬲ûоʹֹͣԽԽץıѿ˷϶ţɲסı棬ˣ
Ҷ϶һε䣬ֻǣҶ˫ָ漣һģʮ֮һץס˱棬ǣѾĴѺ۵ı棬Ҳܲˣٶѹٴˣ
һαѸأһһʯͷһı飬Ŷ˵ͷȥ
Ҷ¼ˣٿ棬ĴѣͺڹĹһĴѺۣһ飬һģֻҪͻѡ
һ½ٶȸӵĿ죬ҶϼˣȵŽ㣬
ųˣƮڰ֮У죬ɹ
Ҷɨһĭæ˵ĭȷұţɲ
ĭӦŵҶϵķԸĭæţƮ˶ţȻΪĭȴˣϵ׷ڸղŵĹУһŵģֻʣһŷˣʧȥƽ⣬ת䡣
ҶϼǾʹ˸ԽȥֻǣԾ֮󣬾֪ԼɵˣͬʱһĭһСô䣬Ҳ׷ĭǡ
Ҷ뵽ˣæţ׷ĭ
ԣѸ׷ϣһ͵ĭĸҶϽ׷ʮҵľ봦׷ĭץסĭ֣һѰܹŵĵطȻԸΥһСС̨׵ʱ˷ܵĲæ̨ϡ
Ҷ϶վӣĭѾŵѪɫǶЩģˣ˽ҶϵĻУ΢΢Ĳ
ҶڲƿǣڲʱһαѵļæŴӿڴȡ׷һţĭȥ
ȻնӣµĵƻҶϵĽ£ĭվĵط룬ͻȻѩѩգȻý˸ڵĵطѸѷ죬һĳ֣ͷϸǴѩ飬׹䡣
ķѩѩ飬ʯĴ׹䣬ģҶϵĿ⣬ҶϺɣкŸĭԼܴԽˣ֮Ѱĭ
ǣոԽնʱ򣬲ԶĭһžûжˣҶϴѩ֮أڶʱѾĭӰˣ
ţĭûУҶϼæʵ
ոգ۵Ĺ򣬾ͲˣŻص
ҶϻܣѩѾͣˣҲˣѩҲˣػָ˰꣬ȻĭӰӶûп
ҶϼҪ룬ĭץˣǲ֪ǹжϳҶϲĹ⵽Ϯڣ˪Ͷһݰȫϣԣʽˡ
Ҷϴһĭþûصҹɫ֮УȻȴ˻ӦΨһӦģֻĻ
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ҶϷЩ͸Ӷ϶ĭǱѩˣ֮ǰҶϾѾ֪ˣΪƽ޹ʵķѩһʲôа
ҶϽѩ촵ֻʣǰĻѩһӡȫ֮󣬾ͻȻԭǴӡĹģĭʧĸ˴ӡ
ҶϼѰҽӡڣһƬϣӡֱֱȥˡ
ʲô⣬ô棿Ҷü
ϣôżҶѰ˼⣬һֱҴţڼʵ
ҶָϵĽӡ˵Ž㣬˳ӡȥɣ֮ϣǲʲôѨ
Ӧŵֻǣ뿪֮ǰתЩԻ˵ղûжӦòǹ
һҶҲѾ⵽ˣֻǣ¼ȻҲȷˣҲ˵Ѳļһˣ²Ӧղ֣ѩǵҰҲˡ뵽ˣҶһŽ㣬ֶѨҪȥѸٻңﲻܶԸģ
֮ʵܴ󣬺ܶǧ꣬ܳƵǹ˵һֻɱһֻɱһסȻҶƺˣԼһ鷲ˣ˺֮Ĳ࣬͹֮䣬
֪˵꣬˳֮ϵĽӡ˳ȥ
ҶϾԭصȺ򣬵ûѩ֮У֮£һκĭ
ĭĭ
ϡҡԶ֮УĭĻӦ
ҶһϤжϣĭæٻţûߵ࣬ܵٻѸٷء
ţĭǱߣǹȥҶϽ˵
ǰ֮УҶ׷棬Ȼ뿪ã֮ϣһӰӣһˣѸӶˣ


127 ѩ̴
ǰУһ֮УҶβٶȷɿ죬нͷ֮УȻҶϽƵʱ򣬾Ϳŭһֻ
ҶɨѹûмĭӰӣҶ϶ʱˣ˵˵ĵɽ֮ƣʣЩȵȻǴ˹Ϊһľ䡣
ֵֻɨһҶϣתӣҶӶݵĻᣬľźХĻ棬ٽ壬һ˲䣬һͷû¡
ϣ㲻ɱĭûˣ̾һ
ᣬǻнӡô߰ɣͷָŸղŷѩĵط
ðɣǾ춯ȻͽĭԶˣ˵ţѩ֮ء
Ҷϼ׷϶ţָѩֵѹȣȥϷȥ
һ֮һһȺѩ֮صϷһƬȽƽ̹ĵطֻǣҶ֮󣬾ŵͷˣѾ֪ýӡˣ㿴
ŵͷһ׵ɵˣضǽӡصĲˣýթĹ
ҵĵĵթô̵ʱڣôĽӡ̣ʵҶţͶźҲûôٶȣ
ٶȵĿһ˵ɾʵ
ǹΪʲôҪĭ֣Žӡͷ˽Ҷϣֺ
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ĭһֱڻ״̬˵Ҳ֣ڹϣôٶȣȴôҲеļ
֮ϣ̤֮һһָӡǡ
һֱܣ౼˰Сʱﵽ˺ǧ׵ɽѩı֣ие͵ıɵġ
ԾУȥһҵһССĶѨһ׶ߣɵ԰ţȥģ
ﵽ˶ڣĭڵϣӼٱ仯һֻޣһλѩƤµ꣬òӢòҲǶʮӡ
һĨаЦĭ۾ģͷţھʱ΢΢ͣһ£һ˿аЦ¿նˣȷֲ֮촽
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ǣµֻѩ̣Ѿһѩˣѩеһ֮⣬һЩΪֻѾһں壬һֻɹѩ̣˲仯Σɽһ
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Ͳòɮȡ;Уһδεˣò棬͡μǡ֮ͬռɽΪ³ȺɾǡμǡĹ÷ʽȻҲһݵģЩأλѩ̴ƶģ꣬ȴһ߶ᣬǡμǡҳϷ˿
һȺæӦŵ̧ĭֱѨ֮УһλǰΪβѡһƵգ
ղײգ㶮򡭡˵ˣѩ̾ͷһ̰ӣһڿˮʮûг˼ŮˣҪѸ٣
λǱͷĹüɽƧĵط㲻ˣ˼ôأ
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ͷֳ壬ҲӼˣôʲôҪظأѩ̼
ֳһĻǣǰϲĲǡμǡȻһ붴ѨʲôŷɣܲٶˣӸЦģһλСʲ
һУѩͺȵСʲӹɶһ·ᱳʹ͸Ӵɣ
ǣСʲĹ˵ģһϲһλŻëͷСǰæѩ̴ˡ
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Ļ磬ûзôųλһֶ£ŽԿصĴҲɱֻţΪʳƷΪϲơ
λƵ϶ţȦˣôţץͷЩӵѩ̵ԣǵĴѾˣ
ǻֻĸţôɱ˳ˣӸˣͱˣѩ̻ص
ĸţѾɱˣͷû״˼
ʲôİǸղŻ˵ϸһλĸţѵǳӲڣˣѩ̱ŭ
ǡ
ôͺǸͷһУͷܵԣѩ̺
ͷ֨ѨУλͷȻȽҺʵҲصǣʵȴһǴ֮µĵһˣҲֻҺѩôµĶԻСŭѩ̣ΪյĻףʳˡ
ͷһСѨһǣһֻţֻһ˵ԴСңܿɹȴֻţѾСˣǻΣβȻڣ֫ţӣͷţͷͺŮ˵޼ˣ
ţӷҪ㣬ֻӲ㣬Ȣ绨˼ţίһ£±Ͷ̥ţѩƳһ۴ţ߿ţĳЩطʱ򣬾һڿˮ
๫๫㲻Ҫɱҡˣ๫ţ⻰ͨأǿͷǰ


128 ѹկ
ĭˣֻǣ۾ͼһȺŮˣΧʰأβͷͣŪ߰㣬ˣ
ֻǣû˼Щվŵܣ
ھܵѩ̴һµվΪλ˶ĭһ߷СʲٶȷɿһСѨ֮С
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ˣȺﲻ㿴ķŪʲôˣ㲻Ҫ£ҲԴеģķкܶ࣬Ͱʰ˵ţѩгһ磬һɷ紵ȥĭķͶʱˡ
Ū߰ķͣԶ˾ִǺʱеˡһͷ֮£ĭøˣֻ۾ˮģ˫ƤüëŮ˵ķϡ
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ǴĭĴӴŲӡ
ǣǧѩ̺ĺϳ壬࣬ҪȽһЩô˵ɣҳڶУһһߣѩ̲޽Ļص
ĭ¶һ˿ЦݣԲ۾һתʵҵأ᲻ɱǣ
ģѹѾȥˣҲ˺ǣˣѰѩİɣȻһȥһ֧ѩȥͰĵĺҳסѩ̾һλӺظص
ҡ޸㣬ҲӦ֪ͨ˰ɣĭͼû˺Լ˼͵ˡ
ˣ᲻ǽôЩ⽨ϰף۾Ͳˣѩ̻ص
ĭҧأ۾һתһƣܸμӰɣô׵ģŲ޸㣬Ҳм֤ˣĭص
ѩһ⻰Цǵ͹λŮˣĻ֮УȻѾбһѣţЦŻصû⣬ѹ֤ôⲻ⣬ȥǣ
˵꣬ѩ̾ͳ˷䣬һţͷ֡ͷæɵʵѩ̴ʲô£
ʮֵܣȥɱѩɽǸ˺ֻٰ˴ѩ˵
ͷӵѰʮλССѩɽ

ҶϴʱѰҽӡѩϣǽӡҲ뿪Ľӡȥ͵ûʲô̧ͷԼڵıɽţȥɽϿɣȥվǰ취
ϣôɽȺɽȷɽôŷʵ
̤ѩɽҲҪҶϼĻص
仰ʱ򣬲̾ϢһҲû˵ʲôƮƮɽһɽһת
ҶϺɣһ׷׷϶ȥΪ˹۲죬ֻɽҶɫһֱѿʱǶ˻ʬ⣬ȻĿȴһҲû뿪µı
һһɽСʱٶףȻûһ˿ԽɽԽ࣬Խ񣬶ңƮŷѩǱƣѾѿˣ
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ɷԣȷɷһɲ֮Ҳоˡ
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Ҫ˵ˣŽ㣬ʧٵ㣬Ҳ᲻һеľ㣡Ҷϴ˶ŵĻ
⻰Īһ˷ܣ˵ͳɷصĵطȥˣ
Ҷβ󣬲Ҳһ㵣ĶûУ֪ɽлƫɽаֻǣΪ˾ˣҲȥˣ
Ž㣬лл㣡ҶƮɵʱ򣬵Լ
ɵܵܣͽô˵⻰أ¾ҵ£ЦŻص

һһԽƣͷѩһ𣬽Ʈɽ
ڷɳ׵ʱ򣬶Żͷϣɷһֱڽӽǣǲа֮ﶢˣ
Ҷһγ֪أȻԷѾˣٻͣǶڱѩ֮ϣĿⲻɽ
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ˣڷôҶԶһƣȻܿ챻Լķˣ¡¡ģǽһƤ
ңһŷƣ죬Լｵ
գͬһϣһսˣǲ֪ж٣жٵУ
ܹƼˣҿŹأҶüͷ壬벻Լûͻͯڵʱ򣬻ˡ
˾ľⶫԸѾԵЩ̫СˣִӱͳһõԸҪǹʵĸɡ
ţȥѩɣ㹻ˣҵѩȥӣҪٻˣҶϼԽԽǶԶ˵
ϣҪһôܶأżĻص
ǹֵĻᶼûУңҪ㣬ڻزУȥκҪǧɣҶ˵ţóһɡ
ϣ㲻Ҫ㣬ϡżæص
Ҷ˿˼ŵİһȥɡ֮У̶һʯͷ棺ţСʱܳˣȥӣ
ԱϣҶɨһֻһٶ׵ƣȾܣ֪һս⣬ԣսˣ߷ֶŵټ


129 ˤ
ҶûκεķͽܣһٶȾǺܺˣУǾ֮ˡԣҶûܶԶѾڸҶڵĵط
Ҷͣ½Ųͷһƣ֮УʮһֻСΪ׵ǱͷͷһվһϣһλˣҶϡ
ҶƲƲ죬һ۴ڹ۲ܣʮֻڴƤģƤĲ󣬺СȻЩֽȭͷڹϵʱ򣬷ȴġ
ҶһеĵѽգĿŷһȺ
ιϵǲѰһλŮˣΪ׵ıʵ
Ҷһ⻰ȤӶԷ˵Ѿ֪ĭˣֻǲ֪ǵѣصǣʲôˣ
ͷͻȻЦˣָһָҶϣԱߵСˣ˵ľСǣɱ
Сһɱ̤ſеĿܷеȥ磡
ҶϵһĻҪĶ࣬һʮһֻСǣéɽѵûиڵĵУѰ·ԣһʿûͻͯڣֻܼţҺΪС
ҶϳɵƬʱ䣬ʮֻСȻɱˣҶϺɣ׷һֻȽԼܷˡ
׷׷һ׷ɱаʱʹõģ˵Ҳ֣ǿǿĵͣҶĿеͣͱȽѡ˱ͷԱͷĵУ㹻ˡ
ȻҶ׷ĹЧ֮£һֻСҶͬʱʶһ⣬ͨĹȷһεĴڣɺͨʿ֮Ĳһ
Ŀ˸аޣǶȺͱȳĭˣ뵽ˣͨתһֻСȻһֻʨǧɵʨСҶһᣬھһƣһʨײһڽӴһ̣һɻ棬ʨڣʨһϱһĶӡ
ҶϰЦС˻ƾΪͯڵıȻУȴôҲ벻ԭɱ⵹һ漣
һеʵ飬ҶϲִɱˣɱЩСһȴҲȲĭ
ոһɣһֻСӺҶײһҶϾǸƼƮڵأһƮȴ⵽ǿʮֻһ֣ΧУڲӶݡ
ҶеľõʣµľֻСдɱ䣬ÿһγ֣ȻѪӲǷÿһֻܶЩһˣȴ
һҶɱһѪ·ЯŵӣѸٳվйսıͷһӣûôף
˵ţͷԷˣ̼䣬ٽҶϣӺ󱳾һơ
һͻȻٶȸ죬Ҷֻǰƶӣһ֮ȻͷѾӵ˳ʵʵʿڵķһƣҶϷɳʮ׶ԶڵϵʱȻѪ΢΢
ҶȥǵѪܣһʹ˳̵ٱˡȻҶϵͽܣϷɵȣǾͲһŶˡ
һЩСɱˣΧУҶתȻû·ˣȥ£档
ҶһһƽͻȻһҧ֮ȥ
ЩҶϽʧ֮УЦˣӸ磬˵ˤȥȻǣ
ôˣͷŶ͵ľڣüܾòǺҶϸտʼɱһֻʨǼ򵥵һУȻôˣҲûʹðķ
ַթҪˣҪʬǼµȥңͷ˼Ƚܣ˵ˡ
ֻСӦŵ£ȴվһҶУûлֵ²ҶϵĵбضǳðһΣͨѾþˣҲ˵ͨ
һͷضѨ֮ȥˡ

ѨУʱ죬ַǷѩһ»һλˣȴСУһ£οһλķ࣬пܾԺõŮˣѩһֱõ˼Ůһ´Ҷ֪ԣһıʱ򣬸¡صĶࡣ
翪ʼһʱˣȴɼյŮˣɹ٣ЩȲˣ˶ţСʲȥʰˣ
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ѹկˣѹկˡʰûУ
ûأٵȵȣҵûУдĭĻӦ
Сʲƨߵߵسѩ̵ԣ˵ûʰá
ȥɣѩ̶һƣԹԵƷ
˻ʣûУСʲһ˵
⻰ѩ¶һĨЦ⣬Լվȥ˷ˡ
ĭΪԼĿģѾ˴·ʱʰͣͰɣʰĸСʱˡ
ˣʱ쵽ˣ˾ʰðɣѩЦ˵
ţȥҵѰɱ𵢸ʱաĭ˵ţԹԵʰͣҲѩ̡
ʹʱͷˣһž͹أܣûҵ˵֮ˣ
ˣϳȥź򣡣ѩ̺
лɱ֮
ţмֻСͷˡֱ߱ͷѩ̲Ц˵˰ѹѾȥˣһȥң㾡ʰɣҪʱ
ĭ⻰ҧ촽ټҶϣҪȭйʱķŭȻµЩǲģֻţһһɣ
ѩĭӦŵתȥˣʱͷѾˣʣûУ
ƴ
ʲô
ʬ֮ȥˣµļȥˣ
ɼȥңҪˣҪʬ֮Ҫȥңѩ̵űͷص
ǣͷӦŵѩ̣ʱʼ
ڵʮӣʱ䣬ץǿаأ͵ϡҾͲӳӵģѩЦǺǵ㽶򣬲֪ʱ˿ˮ
ʮ֮ѨȻ죬СİѨſʮʯͷɵΣĵصڿ֮С
ʱнϵĿˣЩ˺֣һЩСЩûһЩȴȫģȻȴͬС죬ܶ˶̧һֻ򣬻һͷţˡ
Щ˱鿴һϲɫҲѹ֣ѩʮһλ磬˼ҵĵ֮Уÿλ磬ôУһܶʱ򣬾µĿҪ͸ѩˣȻ졣
˵ѩȢ˼ķˣǾͶôһ񣡣


130 ͷ
ĭһʱģǣС֪ҲϲˣֻÿٵʰͷŽǹװӵװԼǰ
ոʰЩʱʯŴˣɹٵȵĲͷˣٴδߴĭ˰ɲˣѾ˺üСʱˣٲȥСǶûˣ
ĭֶֻԼҲȻײеһ棬ɱ֪ôЦǺǵ˵ӳȥ㶪ˣҳأ
µһƷж֮˵߰ɣѩ̻ص
ĭֺǺǵģȴڲϵҶϣսɽʱ򣬾˵˲ںˣѹկˣȴɼҶϵӰӡ
ţŲȴͣ߳˶ѨѨһ̣һ˲䱻סˣۡһŴͣǼһ㡣ߣˮгȥһڵĳ嶯
ģһȺ˭ڿ۾ѩ̴
һ˲侪ѣһԸתߡ
Ҫ˵ĭƯӹɵģֻΪְҵҪ󣬺ٴˣһױȫһλˡ
ģʲôλҪسˣѩ̴ʱ鲻ĭӣ޲
ߣҲ֮ɣ˭ûģ˵ģܶ˾ͽŮ˹ҹˣʵȻ˲ҲϲŮ׽ôҲϲŮһ·ôѵһģĭǡѩ̵ģ
ǣǴСæӦŵ
ҵѻûȥǺ𣿡ĭװһĵ˵
ôһˮĵĻһ飬ѩɵˣһ־סͷڰСʱҵ˵ѣɱл
⻰һڣͷɫʱ࣬һ˵ϡ
Сʲõѩ
Сʲ˿Υӣƨߵߵصıһˡѩ̶󵶣˹صıͷ
ʹʱĭֹˣϲ֮գҪɱô
ѩͷһЩʶȷǳ֮գǷ˵Ĵϲ֮գ˺ܼɻĳϷѪ֮£һ֮ףҪȥĴ󵶣ͣڰУڷ˵ϣ㲻
ͷһλҺ֮ˣûелǽмĿͶĭлл˵Ĵ
лңȥĭ˵꣬ҲǱͷԹԵһʯͷϡ
ȥԺ˵ĻͺӵĻһ˭Ҳӵɱѩ֮ĭ۾Ȼ𾴡
ʵѩɽΪһ𣬾ΪŮͷղһ˲䱻סˣʮʱ򣬻ˣĿǰЩΪϷôܲŮģһʽ
ȻȴòϣͷѾĭˣԼģ벻ȴΪ˼ױпɬЦĭߣˣǾðɣ
ͻȻ޸ˣĭѩ̡
ѩɫһŤǿѹеŭ𣺡˰Ϊ£ǲǶ˵˰õİ
㿴ôСڣ㻹˵ȥѰˣ˲òӦңĭҧ촽Ŀ˵
˺γԣǶȥѣԸҰ𣿡ѩĭȻȴѾǺˣġɪɣƵ㣬㻹ôɪˣͽˣ
ȻˣֻҪȥѰҵѣھóˣĭص
ѩĭӦˣ˷ܵתСȥѰҷ˵ѣֻСչ˿˱ǣ
ѩѾȫŮסˣձײеѩ̣ʱΪŮʱɱǣͲ˵ʲôڱͷĴ£ɽȥˣ
ôһߣֻʣֻСʮֻףصĿˡЩ˼ѩ䣬ոӵĲбˣ˭֪ɽһôһλ󱩾ȴҲǲǲ𻹶㲻ôһλվѩ̴Ĵϲ֮գҵȱȥֻǣȻʧɢҵҲòæѰң˽˵һ׮ԸҾȥˣٺϲƲ٣
ȻȺģȥѰҰɣȥأ粻ɢһǻѩ̴ص
⻰һڣ͵ȲôһĻأν黢λѩ̴ϻײеĶˣ
ҲȥæѰҡ˵һ˾뿪ˡ
ѩ¶һĨյЦݣ˳ˮۣνˣĭһδκǣѾ߶ȷˣôһᣬҪˣ
Ȼĭкγûй⣬ЩС뿪ˣлˣԸĿǰʣֻһη߰˿ӵǹ֧㹻ˣ
һ˵Ҷ漣һ֣Ҳĵˣ
ˣǰðɣѩ
ĭʵ⻹һСĻģЩСˣǲӳһ°أȻ󡣹ȻСǸߣҪãңҲӦҪõģҽڣֻҪˡ
ĭңԶʣ֪ʲôһ̾һ˵ðɣӦģܷڣ
ѩ̾͵仰ˣһ⻰úããǰã
ʱѩ̣Ҳһɽ֮Ҳû˸ղŵɱȻЦҲࡣ
ʹʱһλͷƮˣˡ
ѩɱȻһԾ𣬽ͷִϾҪãһȥ
ˡˣͷֽͰ͵˵
ӻûأѩ̾Ҫ֣ȴƺʶʲôˣתʵʲôˣ
ͷ־˾񣺡ͷˣˣһλɱˣ

ѩĿ꣺ٴȥ
ͷվָŽµ£
ѩ̴Ҵұ±ȥˣʱĭȴһ˿ΣĿ֮У˸
ѩͻȻתǼ÷ˣȥȥ
ǣСӦŵ
ѩתҪ˵ûͷִȥʱɫһ˲ˡ
㡭ѩԭһתһ˲䣬һλεĵӣѾؿڡ
ͷֳּ죬һ˲ѩ̣ѩ̾ȵһ˲䣬ͱӡ

ѩ̳غһŻͷ־һȭһȭٶȼ죬һ˲˻ͷ֣ͷֲҺţʮҵľ롣
㲻Ǵɣ˭ѩһֻסؿڣƽϵĻͷ֡
ͷִЦվ
Ȼͷֻػһǹ죬һöӵٽѩ̵ԴȻѩ̵ȷȻȴҲһöӵ
ǣӵֹһöڶööͬʱ
ǧһ֮ʣ漣ˣѩ̱Σӵ̽˰ɫë޵ĶУС⣬ɱӣǳ˵Ρ


131 ѩ
κѩ̣¶䱾ĿһֻİɫޣǴӺ󷽿зŴʮİ׹оǣǴǰһֻףѪԵĹޡ
һѩǵĵ棬ִΧѷ죬ѩ̱Ϊѩ֮񡱣ԱѩһȻĿ֮ǰѩѩѣǰ󲻹Сʱʱ䣬ܼʵǷˡ
Ҹһ߰˿ӵǺܾ˵ģѩȴһ˺ûɣӵǾȴһãѩ̵ǰʱʺѪΡ
ѩӵ֮󣬲ûоʹ׷ɱǹĭת۶Żͷ֣˭
ͷһϵĻƤزˣҶϵףǵСֻͷ֣ԭҶʩģҶϵȻûһʮ䣬ֻһ۷éɽУǡһָķһ㸶ڵ˲ʹãȻҶ֮ʹã˻ĵһйء
ĵһ㣬ѹǻӵмٵĸڵУʩչһЩڲʹõķ
ϣˣĭ˷ܵ˵
ҶϵһЦʵֻͷǺܴģҶµʱѾ³ˣֻˣҶϸٵĻᡣ
ԭҶϺСѪƴһֻ벻ЧһƣԼȡͷ̶ٱͷΪ׷˱ͷһǧ֮ڣûġ
֮󣬾Ʋеȴ׷ɱ֮ȻмֻСˣĵɱеһֻͷ֣Żûɻͷֵģĵظűͷɽˡ
ɽ֮󣬼ô֣ǲö֣ﲻòĭĴˣĭ֧ЩҶ׵֡
ѩ̼ҶϵЦݣǶλɽһֳЦŭˣӣͻȻɱ𣬹ˡ˺ҧչѩ̵ĸֹʽ
ҶϵһѩѾˣȻʵԶԶʤÿһζв񣬾ͻбɱĿܡ
Թ۵ļֻСԸĭģ̫˽ԸˣڶԸĭʤɱһǣɺܼ򵥣Ƕѹկ˵Ĳ
ǺЩСԥһȫҶϡ
һʱ֮䣬ҶǵУһ˿ɱãҪЩСһƻһһ֣һֻСҶսˡ
ꡫ
һ˲䣬ֻСѩ̣סˣǺεţƵķһֻСѩ̶ˣԭΪʤȯգǣһУѾһء
סһ˲䣬Ҷӷɿ죬ץסĭתܡ
ҶԼҲûҪ׷ɱΪԷ̫ˣֲܷУͽܣڱѩϣٿٶҲȲϷС
ӶݵĿĲ׷ɱǽĭ԰ȫĵطлȫˡ
ȥ죡ҶָһǿߵС˵
ĭæӦŵһ·СܣСӶݡ
ȻҶȴûиȥתѩѾһɱˡ׷ڽϣ̷Ŀѩ̣ٶȸ죬ݡ
෴ѩʱѾѪ࣬ҶϣҶϴֻС֮Уÿÿһƣһֻȥ£ʮ֮ڽֻСˡ
Ҷϻؽ䣬۶ѩ̣ӣ¹ӻῼǷһ·
Ҫ㲻ӵĶֻ֣͵Ϯȡʤʵɣѩŭ
ҶϽЦˣս֮ϣûбɣŵľʤߣ


ҶϺѩڷϻȻĿȴһֱѩ̵ǰʺѪΣɲϵѩϣմȾѪΣһѪʻһ
ٺѩ̷ϻһӣѩսӵһЩιɱ֮ǰ뱨ţӾɱС
ɽһѩ̣֮ꡭѩ˵ͻȻʶԼǷһҶϹ˵һΪѪԴͨһǸĭӶݵĻᡣ
뵽ˣѩͻȻˣ˵ʲôأҲû˵ҶһһﲻһֻޣǾͺöԸˣĿǰԴƣʵѩֱ̣ˡ
ƴˣҶϾˣѩ̣ͱ뿪ɽˡ
ѩ̰ɫһӰצӣڿһӰӰͻȻץҶϵĶͷ
ҶӼ˺ڴͬʱͨת֮һ档ѩ̼˻棬æˣĿɻŻ档
ҶĿ˸»ӣѵĿǣǸޣҲ˵й͹֮ͬµĲҲǻô
뵽ˣҶϻȻʣȻ»ͺ˵Ķˣóķǿػսˣˣһʤ㡣
ѩ̵ȴʧһɱҶϺһһֻǣȴһѩʵ»𣬸ղǹҶϵģҶʮʱѩɱˣһצֱӴҶϵǰ
ҶϲҺһֱӺɳʮףһѷ֮С
ѩЦڿ㣬ԭѵѷ죬ͻȻٽϡ
Ҷץڱ飬ûеʮңոסӣߵѷҪںˣҪѩӰ
ҶϾ̾һǿžʹ׷˸ѷ켴һʱͻȻܳѷ죬̫ˣһֻżѷ֮Уһʱѡ
ʱѩٴɱɾҶϲĻᣬЦţһȭҶϵԴ
Ҷ¼ˣһʹڵϾһȭ
һȭȥĽĽ뿪ѷ졣Ȼͷѩ̣ȻɱҶֻӣһǰӾǵСʯӡ
ѩ̵һȭѩϣѩһƣȻ͵Ĺ˿ڶʱѪΡҶվӣдϲҪѩ̣Ҫ˿֣һҪ־ս
뵽ˣҶϲǿŶʱʤĿ˸ѩչλսأܶͶ㣬ǲѩƴ
ѩķУһ˹ӵĻ˿ѪѪͨĽͨߣѪҺˣͨҲˣȻ񹦣ԽԽʹˡ
Լʮӣʮ֮ʱҶͻȻͣ˽ŲΪӭѩ̣һӳһļ죬ЩͻȻתӵһӵʱ䡣
ꡫһʮ׳õӣȫѩ̵塣
ѩ̱ǰצһӣӲûгأǰ壬һ룬ҶϱˣһֻǰצҶϵǰ·ץһƬǰѪֱ߹ǰɭɭ¶˳
ѩ̿Цһ⣬У׽ˣһѪۣӽҪһ飬һĳ㣡


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Լⱻ˳ԵĽζѪȵĳ棬ɱ˲գ۵ħͷҲδغܣҶǸŭͲдˣؼڣҶϷŭʱȴҲûʧȥǡ
һҶɱģʵ⣬ѩǺҶתȫͨҲܱɱ
ˣͻȻһֻȭͷðŻ棬ѩ̳ȥѩЦ򵥵ĹʽѾɹһˣҶڷŭѾȫʧȥˣɱһʧȥǵˣʵԼǱһֻϻ򵥡
뵽ˣѩ̷ҶϽûʽĹͺͨ˴һһҲвֻǣԾ𣬶һʱȴһλεĵӣҶϵִ
ܿٹȲСѩæˣæˣȻûг˶Զǰѱһذ׳һĵӣٴδ̽ѩ̵ؿڡ
һΣҶðٴθ˵ķգѩתһȦУȻһθˣѩһצӻҶϵļ򣬼һⱻѪۡ
⻹ֹأһצӻҶϵǰҶϾ׳ȥڿתŷˡ
Ȼһһฺ˲ᣬһצӴֻ꣬ǰŹڵϣؿѪ
ѩ̳׺ˣһһεʧ㣬Ѿ׵ıŭڸղŻմմϲأȴʧȥǣһ쳤Хһվ
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Ҷϼѩ̺۾ոأͼæֳţȴôҲվʹʱˣʲôٻ
ҶͻȻԺһڵϣôҲվˣģͨģѾ˼ˡ
ʹʱѩһεʱѩҲûжͨ㻹һЩȴҲڶദѪܶѣҹʹˡΪѪѵʹͨʱ򣬾ὫѪҺƳ⣬ɱע⣬ѩ̻һıûʹã
Ȼѩ˼ͻȻſѪ죬ѩѾ͵ĴСƣһ죬ݵҶϣ
ơѩ̴һӻһӰӣɱҶϡ
ҶϵҰУѩ̵ʧˣֻܿһѪ죬ͷɶ
ҶϴһڴĹУгһѽıⱦֵһ̣ǿɷ֮һ˲ɽ֮ۡ

ĭһ·Сܣ˲༸ˣȴɲҶɽȻ֪ԼȥͻΪҶϵ׸ȴǲԵķˣʱѩɽۣ֮ÿһŴͣæȵļ޸㣬㲻Ҫɱ
˵ħһѩ̳һҲᣬҶеıͻȻһѩ̵Դһ̣ţûһ
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ĭӷɿ죬סҶϣϣϡѰҡ
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ҡҶѵǱô
Уʲôأ˵ô߳ѩɽĭص
Ҷǰװ׵øһˣ㻹˵ĭ߲ѩɽôһվ
ʱѩ󣬵ϾȻһѩΨһʣµıˣҶһֽӹ˷ܲѣһдɶĹ͡
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ҶЦˣһĵϢͻȻò̫ˣһõ챦øзɲСӣղзȥǸ̰Ĵ껴޴ˣ
зնɱа֮˵ɱ˶ˣҲͱˣԣڵзأҶϴŹԱɾǿ˱
ҶС˱װУǾ뿪ȺСҲûˣ
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Ҷһ룬ȴҲʵ˶ѨڶѨĴѰңڶѨʮʱ䣬˾ѰѨ
ֻǣʱĶɫһʧ䣬ѨгһЩصʳ֮⣬ʲôûҵ
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Ҷ˳ĭָ̧ͷһһغʽĶѨؽϴһ϶ϸΪһ㣡
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ȥɵĶѨУ챦ʲô֥ݵ࣬һţڶǽ֮࣬оһԪ鱦ĿǣҶƵģȴûмѩ
峯Ա䱦۾ˣ̵ģһôûôõֻϧǹˣЩһôûУ
Ҷϻ߹ȥڶѨĴѰңҲѩ
ϵܣЩǮǶȥȥٻЩֽˣ˾ҲܷһˣԱ̾
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ǣֽҡ͵ʱϼһȻΪһʿѵֵֽ֪ǮҲϷˣϵܣҪ
ðɣֽֽɣ취ˣȻôණôȥҶ˵ţʼһһļǽڣĭͬУѩжûѩˣߴطˣѩͱСǳԹˣ


133 ֮
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˵ȥ˵ţٹеĽ鱦ӷɿĳ嵽ǽϣžͲˡ
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Ҷ˳ŹٹָȥҲǱ鶳ɵǽڣ߹ȥãȻпҶ˾óõһ飬һĻ
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Ҷϰľѩ̵Ҳһλ˲ţȻ༼ɽˣ漣ѩ֪ûԼҩû
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ҶϽȥѩװǰ׼һУһܷԺܺõӣһܳտաҶΪ˸õıѩͽˣȻװԼıС
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żҶȫѪ۵ҪſҶϵϣϸ鿴˿ˣϣû°ɣ۲ֽۣ㲻ãûչ˺㡭
һȫȫ棬ǿΪΪʳᣬʱѩˣʵģĪڱͷˣѩһҾӵͷΪ
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ˣѾõˣҶϻص
ͷЦԺҪЩʱɽãɽĶûУѩкܶ࣡

ֻ΢Ϣһ˾ͶˣͷŵԣҶͳɽֱͷŻȥˡ
ڻȥ·ϣЦѣһϵеķռһȴҲǽϵĻܵ˵ɽ֮Уջ񲻷ƣ˵õʵĶ֮⣬Ҷϵս飬Ҳһһˣǿڴ򶷵ʱ򣬷ֳע˼λʤھѵûѵ
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һһȥʱ䣬ȻսۣҶȴ˲ˣȥɻԲѣ˪۵ĻᶼûУĭտӣ˪ڰ˯ˣ
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ϣôˣĭЩģѾ˪ҶϵĶԻˣҶһȥ飡
ôҲȥҶ̸Ц
ľͷˡĭҧ촽ȴҲ֪˵ʲôã
˰ɣչ˺Ӱɣ˪ѾˣϢһɣҶ϶
ľͷˣΪҲľͷ˰ЩҶĭص

˪ѾǵһҶȥ˾£ԣû֮ǰôˣ㣬Ϳʼˣ
ҶڵϣΧźü¯¯֮Уȼú󣬺濾Ҷϵӡ
Ҷϱ۾۾ʱѾ塣սûãӹҲûжͨҶҲ᲻óһҩֱˣ


134 κ
ҶϵĻ֮Ŵ֣ƮƮķɳȥˣ˹ҶϺһߣһǰĻˣ˾ĹŹһγ֣һȥĹųһųض飬ڵȴĵǼǡ
Ҷϻǰһβһȥ˾Сڶйָ·ǣһԼҪȥκţһȥĹ꣬ȥκţֻõתͶ̥֤ȥκţȥκŵ·ϣһ·š
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ôˣҶǧᣬеٵҪأ
ֱӺʮޣʮ֮ûˣȥҪʥˮƽϢһ粨͵
ҶЩһ˴أǣΪ˾ӣ㵶ɽ𺣣ҲҪһ


135 ײ
Ҷһʮ޶ӣžһˣѵǴ˵вΪǿȨͷôԸ󣬱ϾΪ˾ˣΪɱ¾˵ỽŵͬأ
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Ҷеһ֤ͨĿЩͣã̾һӱʹ˳֪УһỬգҶϼæȥᣬ׵ʼһĨȥİ̡
ŶӵĳĶ飬߹ȥھʯʱλҶ׳һҶϲҪȥʯˣֱߵŶͨеĵط
һΣҶϺһûŶӣȥչˣҪԽǮȺ̰ļһ
Ҷϸ˲ļйȵιعصļһү
ҶɨһŭļһǼһһλӵĹһٷмйٵĸоֻϧǧû֣עֻĻ¹ˡ
磬ֻǮģǵϱûǮʱһҵôҵʱ˵±ӺùһһֽңǵôҶЦĴȥʱҶЩԼˣֱһӣ͵ūŴ
ֻǣλūȴūţֻһҪֶζѣһŻӣү˵үĶǴ߹ġ
ҶοԼȴǲΣķ¼ˣֻܰοԼɷ죡
žҶϰԼʱһҶϵϣʹһ˲ˡ
̵ģթĹҼöˣ¸ǲǣүһףĹָҶϵıӺ
Ҷײ˶ˣ˵еˣҶ϶ȾĹԱЩøеģһưҲûʲôæ˵үţ֪ͨһ£
ţʲô°Աʵ
£ܼܼ£һ£ҶҲ˵ԼĿˣĹԱȻǺ£ǣԭ̫ǿˣӦ˵ԼĿģָӭԼģ
˵ɣ㲻˵ô֪ԱҶûжٺøУ˵
Ҳ˵˵ˣҲò⣬Ҫ˵ǾȥŰɣҶϾͲˡ
£
ȻǴˣ춼ˣ˵󲻴󣿡Ҷϻص
ðɣţƭүүһ㣡˵ţ̨
Ҷϵ˺һڼһλ׷ԲԵ̫Ż̫òԷ˵ķʽ䣬ҲþʮˣһȣЩƣ
̫֮¹֮ЩͶ̥ĹҲһŹˡ
ȻڼŵҶϣȴˣٱţţô
̫żҶϽɫ䣺վס˭Ҵκŵİ
̫˵ʱ򣬷â¶һ۾˸ɱãݺݵضҶϡ
Ҷϼæͣ½ŲавãԼײˣˣ


136 Ȼ
Ҷһʱ֮䣬۾ˣⶼʲôţԼһûô嶯ºˣţҪǧᣬֻ¸ӵˣ
̫ɨҶϵȫûһ顢ɫʵʵʲô¾˵ɣ˵һɣͶȥͿϴһ
ҶϵͷһͿӣѪɫģˮǺɫģʱʱľһֻðһʹͷ­ȣȻЩҲͰˣĺģʱܿѪߣѪѪܵȣ̫֮ѪɫĶЫ󡶼Ѫɫģ
ҶϵһԴࡣ
ưˣưͶͿϴϴԴ±ӱ֤ˣűŭ
ҶͻȻЦ˵жˣһʱ֮䣬ܵĹŴˡ
СκžңҾȥ죡˵ţŵӱˣ̼䱩׶࣬ǿ࣬Ѿ˵ģˣ
Źȴ벻Ҳ˵αӣ֪Ա̸ִιҶ仰ǳɤӺġ
ܸ꣡ӵļžˣڹҲҳһڡ
СӹǷˣʱʮа˾ŵĹ꣬ߴ
ȻҪֵȴ˿УòŷӦ˵ִˣСӣ˵ִ֤ݣе㣿
Ҷһ˶ĹǰָһλִߵĲ㲻Ҫ𹫷ߵġȻŲںߣֻǣαӵñǲԸܵģǧһգδй˽֮ʱ
ԴӺɳΪ磬ƹһУ˼伴νؼΪܵظ绮ϵ£٣㶼˾ְŴֿʱϣΪһɢ١򿴵˶ԹҲϷ£ܵظӱߣκŵͷһڴ˷Ųµ˼£ǰİжǰİһֻءɢһˡĪ֮˶Թ֮඼ǧź
Ҳع˵ʱ򣬾ͲٶˣһӢͻһͻ˴ʲôȱµ£˲𴩵ʱ򣬾ȻҪɱˣ
뵽ˣŻأʵСӣָ£Ŵҵ˵
ҶϾ˾ھ̾յͬʱԼ˵ǣţ㲻ֵӵڵĿڱʵҲ֮Īŭҷ˵꣬ںԣſڴƻƣ͵ɱңǾԲ˵һ֣
һαҶĹѪͷȭͷſ֨֨죬Ȼȴ֣ܶǸǧĹ£ܻһСϡɱһҶϣһֻϼ򵥵ĶˣȻɱ˵Ĵȴܲģ
㣬Ը꣡ǿѹͷķŭʵ
һѪ飬Ϊ˱ĿڱȣϴΣ緢ңʮǧᣬȻܾˣǧ᲻ȥɱˣȥˣ˽ľ˸޹֮˵ǲѪ飬˼յҶϷʵ
żɽĵһ⣬ʵʵˣԶԣΪҶ˵ĹУѾܾɣܾҲΪ˲ǧȥкȻЩҵĹ꣬ȴɱ˸ˣ˵ⶼŵΣ
˵һӲı飬ϲŭ
ְȨɱ޹Ͳ˵ǰɱ˶ٹڰɣǿˣΪû¹򣬶һʱײ㣬ҪȥͿӱܼ尾Ϳܻ߳ģ֮һ˵ǲɱ޹ðɣҳײ㣬𣿡Ҷص
ͬǺģⶼ֤ȷ£ҪɱҶϣҲˣȻȻأŵݣɱֻصĹ޿ɺǵģǣҶôһᣬһ뻹ô£
ųһҲûɷ˵˵
Ƣ꣬ЦݣװƣһַĸоȻ֪жٹжٹֱͶ̥ʱҲҳЩϱӹȻǶȻ尾꣬ǧ꣬ʲôˡõ֤ͨҲͶ̥ʱȴڿСţЩһδб㺦Ķ಻ʤͷֱֻĵ֮ӳǷʡĹ˰ɣҲͶ̥ˣҪǺЩͷ᲻ǺˣѾ˵ˣΪһҲ벻ôͷҶϼ˵
ʵһ۾ݲȫκ¶ԣųǺõģЩͶ̥Ĺװ󣬲پһĶԹһոµˣһոµ㣬һǶƣҪάֵһȻȴҲĽʮ˲ͷԼĳͷܷ֮ˣڵᣬʲô¶ˣΪ֪ĳͷôпᣬ֪ûгͷһ˵
аɣҲ˵飬尾ǧ꣬Ͷ̥ˣҲκεļ䣬ԣʲô²Ҳô飬ֻҪǰˣ߶ʮһ
Ҷ˵꣬ڹ˼ͬ˼üͷòųһһڷǧѪããá
Ҷ͵ЦˣŽһƻ̾һǰСǧһգҲûй£⣬ֻҪ΢һԭ򣬾ܸıˣҶϴһ˿Ц˵
ŻǱҶϵĻסˣʱһзʽı䣬ǺҶϣֱ˵
ڵһ⣬¶ԣҩɱˣܾˣͿôʹˣǧ᲻ǲܶãӦõõĵطѵ𣿡ҶϼԷʵķʽԣɼǿǿԣ
ɫЩˣȴû˵ĿⶢҶϡ
Ҷ϶˶٣һ˼ʱ䣬ȷѾԼ飬Ҷż˵ڵڶ⣬ҪԼˣûܸıԣȻΪ˽ǧǰԹ𣬺βһȥԴǣúòõ֤ͨȥͶ̥ˣܹЦٿ־壬ǻĺ֣ҲѴǶԹͬʱ˳ͷԣѡԵǵļ䣬֪ϱʲô£ܵ˶ٵĳͷߣڤȡʮ˲ĳͷټһЩ˼䶼ڼ̣ڶԣһ㶼д̣Ҳ˽蹫ãһγͷǣΪЩͷˣûܵͷһʹʹĺǰ¿ʼ
һ죬֪ĿĺڣͻȻʵ


137 Ƶ
ֵҶΪˣʲôⲻãȴƫƫԼĿģ᲻˵Ĳ¼ɣΪΪһ֮˽źűôһӣ
û׷ʣ֣Сӣ
Ҷ¸ˣæ첽ȥֻҪĴ֮ͥ²ԼĿģǻһˣǲˡֻǣȻˣ֪ʲô̫鷳
ŵָ̨ǰ㿴ļҡ
Ҷ˳ָȥõľǹֵҹһȺŶӣ˪æֽңһֻһֻĽӴˡ
Ҷϵ˼룬浽˶¥¥УɻԣĭһӲҶϺԭĭҲô֮ˡ
ǧһգǧһգЩŲ˿֪ʲôСӣܺãǧˣǵһλָұӴˡǶſ˵ȴҶС
Ҷһ˷ܣһΣʵ̫ðˣһнܹݣһá
Сӣʲôˣ̾һʵ
ҶϼæĻصͽܣҲҵĺֵܣ
ˣ
ǣΨһѾȥˣֻһˣҶһ
Ϊһͽܣðңѵ㲻ôŷʵ
кξ壬һ˻鶼ûˣʲô𣿡ҶϻصղϷô仰Ļ
ĬɫŻããʣܾöû˵ֱҶΪ޻˵ʱ򣬲˵㿴ӣԻӡǧһֻһֻĹ·ͷңԼļңµᣬ֤ǧĿ֣ʹҲ֮Ķ
ҶϵͷŽ£һССĺûӣֻתһȦѭ
Сӣ¶ԣȻ޳еĹ۵㣬ǣ˵Ĳ޵֪ΪҸһЩ¹ȻǺ£ż˵
ҶҲòϣŵȻдǳǺõģҲΪ˽ǸԹֻǣҶҲץסôһɣ벻潫ǧѩһ̫Ŵˡ
ǰǧһգְ𣬲ҲǾУ˵ʮ޶ܾˣҡûװҶϼ̫˵ĻˣԼҲͲˣ̫ŵҶϵ˽ҲҶԼҲˣ
СӣҲԸ⽫ǧʮޣֻǲܿһҿܶҪ뷽跨ĵõǧᣬ˵ǶˣٵĹ꣬ǧ֣֮˵ţӻóһССƿӣƿ͸оӨһˮڹ
һˮò˵һΣðԵķϣҲסûеڶΣŲڼ㣡
˵ţű㽫СƿӼĸҶϣҶæͷСƿӽӹ֣Сǣƿ֮ҶҪл̧ͷȴŵӰˡ
Ҷ˳̨ǰڳض֮ǰһڹžڴ֮ԣ΢΢ЦݣһӣһӵҨЩǺгЦŵл
ˣôıˣҶ֮УЩŵĸоҲΪͶ̥Ĺһ°ɣ
Ҷ˳κߣ˲Զʱ򣬾ͿͿӵɫرˣȻĺӽһˣӺˮĳ£ѪɫʧˣЩߣЫ֮Ҳʧˣ
ţһȺʹˮһѪ۵˰
Ⱥϰ֮󣬴ҴҵҶ߱ҶϻΪôˣȻŵʱȺ¹򣬶˵ͷ
ҶͻȻˣײţŽϾһ̣ǿˣǵлˣҶϻһһǣúõصɪһţӵİΣתˣ
˲༸·Ϳʯ֮ԣֵֻҶЦЦӻ֣ӰӺܿʧҹĻ֮С

һΣҶˣ۾ɫȻº͵ƽڵϣӽĶգѾôˣ
ĭ˪һԽһˣ˷ܵʵϣû°ɣ
ҶЦˣһ㿴µô
õûУ˪ϵӣʵ
ҶϴӻͳһֻСƿӣ̾źù񱣡
ŮǺ棬ĭһɣ
ȥҶֱӱһĭصҲǾ˵Ļ
ôˣҲˣĭص

ҶϴӻȡһֽϹǰµֽƵҩ·д˳ҶϸĲȷס̣ſʼ
Ҷ˶飬ЩѲģҪ󣬽һһ뵤¯еһԣһǼˮͺ벻ˮһ
ˮ֮󣬼ݵȵҩӣţֽѩУѩ¯һֵ̣һĻˣðһ̣ѩһˮ̼䲻ˣ
Ǻøӣһֱ£ڣ֪ڵҶϲŴ˸ӣ¯֮£һĶڷ
ҶСóССƿӣ˸ӣαǧ뵤¯֮У̶ٲûʱˣҪͨҶϱ۾ͨӦ¯ҵеһʣ֮ͨʻתţת
תһҶϾķ֣ԼͨлӣȻ°빦ЧһӲɵĵҩʱͳˣ
¯򿪣һĵҩζǣЩܡҶҩϸ꣬ҩ͸ģͺˮһ
ҶվСĽҩλһΪһݶ࣬һ٣һٵģõڵķ䣬̶ľӡ
ϹʬһУЩӲ
ҶϰϹͷҩУžһԹۿӦ
˴ʮӣϹˣЩʵ۾Ҷϣòʵõǧˣ
ֹõѾˣҶϹ˵⻰ҪϹֵķӦ
ϹЩ죬˰εҶϣôõǧģ
Ҷϲ˵ת뿪ˣϹķӦҩûʲôˡ
ӵķ䣬ĭ˪ڽĵȴϸ磬һɫ仯쳣ǲʱ䵽ˣ
ҶϿ˿ʱ䣬ˣʱ೬ʮңæóҩӵС
ڵҩʱͻȻɱɱ
˾ŵ˼ֵӡ
һԾ´̣۾ͨ죬ǽȡһаͳҶɱˣ


138 ͷʬ
Ҷˣһʱ֮ɵˣʲôµҩôͱײˣѵҩթ
Ҷ뵽ˣвãֻǣһɣѾɱˣеıаâһҶϵͷ
аĵӣľҶʩ֮һĹǲҿġÿ䶼ôһ֮Ƚʢ⣬ЩǱеģ
ȻôҲ벻ڱаɱ˹ˣɲҶϵĳԣҶ϶˵ͻȻбץסҧأϾжȽϳٻȷл
ֻǣץסʱһХеĵͻȻбҶϵĶƤˣ
ҶϾ˼ʱ䶼ûУǳһӣȴģɾ·һڵҲͰˣͽѵĺУֻҲԸɣ
ҶϳһѾûлˣֻܺӲأһбӳ˵ʱ䣬ҲһᣬҶϴ˶ֵĻᣬһŴӵĶƤϣӲҺһ˳ȥ
һҶϼȫû취ڵӣѾ־ˣʱ˲Ҷϣ˵ĭ˪ʲô⣡
һθ˲ᣬ׶ľ룬ɼҶϵжˣڹȥͬʱеĴ󵶷˳ȥ
ҶϺɣһǰͽӹ˷Ĵ󵶣Ȼٳˣĭ˪ǰ
ʦôڴңӱŶƤԻҶϡ
Ҷסˣٿ۾Ѿָʱҧ촽һߵʵЩˣ
ӣˣ˪Щȥʴ
ţˣӺЦЦҪվȴסӣȥ
˪æסӣʵ㣬ôˣ
ҶվһԣǿЦãҲղŷʲô£ϹʱȽϳ٣Ѿ죬ԣڷµҩҩûзõʱ򣬾ͱƶȫϡ˴򶷵ʱ䣬ҩˣˣ
ȿȿȡղšҶʦʹͽܣʱҲζȴҲ֪ôأ
ӣ֪ղŵҲ֣ץǽϵĴ󵶣ϸ綯֣ǽϸֺãڡ˪æ͵
ʦҡεЦˡ
ˣˣȥˣһҲ̫ˣҶЩ˵
ȻЩʹ࣬ȴҲоԼϹƶˣ˵ѲѲһˣϵĹƶоˡʦôҵİ
ҶȽӷϢڴϣһ߳һѪɫҺûˡҶһʼԼκϵ
ʲ֣ĭĵ绰ˣĭЩ᲻뿪£ϣȵңҽӸ绰ԭʿһ̼鰡
Ҷϣ˪ӣͬʱЦĭ
ĭһ룬ʹһƣ꣬ĵ绰
һ壬ҶϵȻ֪ˣͲڳ
ĭ˵绰ٵĻɫԽԽˣţϸϻ
˵绰ܲڵ˵һȥ
󲻴󣿡ҶҲûд̽ھֵµ˼ֻǹĭһŮӼңѡʲôְҵãȴҪ죬Ҳǹϵӡ
˵ģҲϣǣǾͺˣĭһԼƯķƵֻװ˿ڴ
ǣǣԻ
ϴǸǺĵʿɱˣɳȥʮλԱˣĭüͷҶ˵Щ͵ˣ
éɽӣôɱˣΪһʿɱͨбҪôĭˣ˪Щߴ
˪⻰޵ʿȥͨһǣ÷ɱһλͨˣһֻϻ򵥣һ֪ģ
һΪħһɷûʲôϡģҶϻص֮˵ȴҲЩԻҲ˵ʿ棬˵ĳͷʿҲԸ;򽻵ԣʿʵ磬ȴһ磬˭ûȥɱˣ˭ҲԸ⣡ԣһԣʿǲɱ˵ġ
ʦ۵ǰɣҽǻǶһ㣬˷ˣɱҲǣɱֲУ
ǺǺǡûΥʲôҶϰһӡ
ӣôôС°ĵвҲˣز¶Ҷƭˣ˪ӴսϹǼ£
ҡҲԶƤëҲûôֻǴˣӻص
Ҷһ£ĿɨһȦȫӣʦЩҪʦɣҶ΢ЦŻص
ʦͽ֪ˣǧô˵ʦĵУѾĵزĪʦǧȥӼæ
ӸҶǿеĴһññҶϻǺõģͽǰҲôһˣ
ƨڵĶţҲûϢҶţоͲζˣóŵĺ߿˿лӦûʲôΣգ
ϸ磬ɻģҪŻҪİɣ˪ο
ϣ˰ɣϢɣȥϹôˣҶ˵ţվ
ʦҲȥ뿴϶Ǳӣ˵ţҪ´
˪סˣ˪ָյǿӣȵӣҹԹԵ£
ΣֻЦǺǵϴˣ
ҶϳţҪȥڷ䣬ͻȻɫˣŽյţôˣЩɣæ˽ȥ
ӵʱ򣬼ӴţһֻԴѪһڵϣӸһ̲ѪٿӣðɣϹͷʬˣ
ҶԴ죬ˣͻ䣬˭ɱϹѵϹĳҲɡ
һģǣӦϹδѵʱɱˣΪʲôҪȵڣ뵽ˣҶһãҪԸǣ
ҶϷɿı˷䣬ֻǣʱ¥ѾײŶˣţһȺ챼ǹָҶϣ˾ٱ
ҶһһˣھܴӴߣǣ˪ӣͲòɵľ˫֣
ȥⷿ俴ǼȥǱ߷俴һλȵ
ӵλٽ˷䣬ҶϵɫһӱˣͻȻˣ˹˻˭
뵽ҶȴˣȻҪݺԸʶһ£Ǻηʥ
һλˣȻʬ˳١λһĺ⣬ҶϣСӣӲСôүүĹϽɱˣߣ
ʱ⼸λ죬ҲӺ˪ץ˳ͬıˣһȥ˾֣


139 ͫ
ʦô°Ҷ˱һľгǹľǣ
ϹﱻɱˣҶ϶ԻĶ˻ص
˭ģ˪ֵ
ҶҡҡͷǣӳһͻȻŴȣúðúð
ҶϺ˪۵ӣž쵽λǹľأλӵķӦüĿ֮Уһ˿Ц⡣
Ǳݺˣ˪̾һĿѯʵҶϡ
ҶϺ˪˼ɵӶ֪Ǳݺˣ˪ѯô죿
Ҷһͷ˪һ۾ͿҶϵ˼ˣҲ֪ô죬ƲƲ죬ĿŴ⣺ľɫҪ
Ҷ̧ͷ֪˪˼ҪˣҶֱ֣ʵλ죬Ǽֱ̫ˣǣҶϲߣ뿴ǺηʥҶ֣
ǣҶҡҡͷ˪õϢֻܷۣ˵İһݣʦţôû滷ˣҪ˵ũĺã
͡Ҷ϶ֻܿЦ

ܿ쵽˾֣Ҷ˱͵˲ͬСѶҶһľ٣һԲ
㻰أưˣסլʬ壬ǲɱģٵһҶϣչƶ׼Ҷϵߡ
Ҷϱ۾żֳĬȴݺ֮˵ģоСԾ˵٣ģһǲģ
ţȥþٷԸ
ҶˣΪ˲Ƥ֮࣬ǿڰɣ˵Ϲרңʩ棬ץΪʳҩ˲ɱģôģҲ֪
Ҷ޹ı飬ھٵУǾʵȴҲһҶϣΪʲôйأû뵽һˣһЩ⣬ȻĴ𰸣þƿˣ
ҹǹɱģ˲ԩǱȻ飬ûһϵ
ʲôɱˣõŶôһֻɱˣ֪αضһ٣
͡
ھһʿˣΪ죬һǲģɾʿȻţȻҲʣ˵¼ʵڵġ
λЩţŭһԻڣʲôǼᶨʱȥ֤ʵйҾ㣿
ҶһЦ֤йʲô£Ǿ֣ԩȥˣֻǾȽʢһڲ̫ƽȵطԣҶϻص֤Ҳѣȥ̫ƽˣ֤ǿ۽磡
ھɵˣΪǷ־֣ҲûʦҲ͹򽻵˵⣬ͽִܾˣҶȥЩһסˡ
ٺ˵˵ǵעٵһӦǲҼԣֻܶҶϴһͨ
ʰɣˣЩһǱҶϵĻסˣ߳Сݾо٣¼Ӧñܾȥһûо飬Ҳûʡ
ôˣپ͵仰ˣʵǰҲˣǵһΣһֳһɵƣץһλˮʦҪš
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һص칫ңپͽ¸ܾˣܾ֧ԮֵܾĴҲ϶ȵȰɣ⼸ܾ飬ڵأ
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ϣҶĵҪ˪һҪӶˣʿһûмҲúúõģҶϾܾˡ
˺ܶ⣬̵˯ˣɶηҲǺ£óԺúȣٲҪΪⷢˣ
Ҷ϶Ӻ˪Ϣ֮ҶóߣɾԣŰ࣬һϢûУһˣô죡
ҶϷʱĿˣײ˲˽
Ҷ;ˣĿԴЭӪ֮󣬰춼ں˯ôܷץˣҵģ
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ʹʱһ˫۾ˣ˵Ҳ֣ҶϵͨĿҲߵӣģһ˫͵۾۾֮󣬻ƮҶϡ
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˫۾ǹ죬ٶҶ϶ǲˣǹǣ
ֻǣ˫۾ҶҵʱҶͻȻ֣ԼˣԴһ˲հףʹʲôˣ
ٿʱˣĿͣɵĶҶϵļϣ
ʹʱͻȻһ߿ˣһλ̼ˣľâһ˫۾
ۡ
ľ۾һҺţ˫͵۾Ӱ٣̾һ̵ģˣ
۾ʧˣҶָǣ˵˵ۿȥһλ뺷꣬ԼʮңĿ⾼ڿҶϵһ˲䣬üͷ
ллǣҶղԼ񱻹ˣˣ׶༪ˣ
ô㣿ϸɨһҶϡ
Ҷˣʶ˰˵⻰찡
㡭ǡ
ȳȥ˵ɣﲻ˵ĵط˵ţҪҶ뿪
ҲߣǱԩˣ뿴˭ҪҶϼæص
ôһڣӺ˪ྪˣԻվҶϵ󣬾ˣ
ǵ֪ǵĳ˭ǻǾһ߰ɣ㲻ص
仰ҶϣӺ˪Իˣ⾿ôأ
ΪʲôҶϷʵ
ôô⣬ҰаǣͱסˣҿԸ㣬ҪǣĻͶɣ˵꣬תҪ뿪
ȵȣ˭زʶΪʲôҪǣҶྯˡ
Ǽѵļǲˣˣǵʧʹˣ֪Ϊʲô˸㣬׷ͫģ벻ͫѾǶˣ˻ص
ͫ


һʺţʱҶϵԺУֻǣûȷԷ֮ǰȻ׸İ뿪
ʹʱ߻תתһ̣òˣ
㣡


140 
ԭ߲Ǳˣ֮ǰҶĵʿһ˲ı㹻˵Ĺ
ӾֵŰòʵŶʿһ㣿
ӻ˵꣬һα仯òǸ첲һΣֱˣĴˣĴ˲ʲô£ңڵû˼ҵĿĿǰѾͨˡĿˣ
ҶһܾЩΣĿóˣûʲô⣬еţȥڽ⿪٣кӺ˪ʰˣ
ȵȣҲһ£˵ţóֻСˣǲޣһ֮еĲ޾Ȼˣˣ˿ȥҶϣ˪ӼΪơ
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Ҷ˾񣬰ЦҡҡͷЩСϷ˶ãǾ뿪ɣ
Ҷ˽޷ڵذϣͳ˼ˣŵʱҶϻЩģһλվڵľں˯ǴˣҲк֮ǣ
ţͼһ̵ֻҶ֪ǰĻ́ΣҲû̫⣬Ǵӱٻ峯ĹԱˣҪ鷳ˣ
˵Ļ́ôұǿ峯ԱָŽڰǰĻ́Σ
峯ԱȷǴţҶˣȻȵٶȻȰأ
Ҷ˾ˣڶ죬ȥηôڵϣһӣӦûУʹȥˡ
λӣҶƵĲ޵İȫð̣һ˲ȭͷСɵˣηлԹȥ
СʱϢܾ֣ܾ֮һţֳУһޣͿ϶˵ץˣǲ޶ѣҲˣǴȥɣ
߲ˣȽŴһҲ̫ĳ˰ɣ
ǿž֣ȥ̫ƽ鿴ʬ壬ðɣʬˣͬһֻûͷĲޣ
¾ôȥˣԺҪȥǣ߲ˣҲ˵ûбҪ顣ʵĴ𰸡
ðɣٲһ亹һʱԺĲ¼򽻵ˣҲ̫ˣ

˵Ҷϣλĵʿȥ˸һɽϣɽһСۣλĵʿǵ۵ΨһһλʿҲţԼԼ٣
׵˵Ҳô£Ҷϻʡ
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׵УܹƳʬ˲ɣҶʵ
֪࣬ˮרϰپаһɻвļˣְɣ˵Ҳ֪ص
˵ǵĳ֪˭Ҷϼʵ
ҲȷҸұ֤Ҫ㣬ΪϢǴӾֳġ˵ͻȻסˣС˵˲˵Ļæתƻ⣺źܿҪ֪ƵĵҩˣҲò򷽺£
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Уʱܻȥǣй¶ҵ٣춢žʲô¶ˣ˵
Ҷüͷºûô򵥣һ澯Ҫһð˵ִϢ⾿ôأ
СӡСֵܣȰһ仰֪Ķ˲ã㻹ɣ׬ǵǮôУĲ֪˭ݺģΪҲݺˣЩľ죬һϵûУҶϻھ£˵
Ҷٴεл֮뿪ˣǰҶԼùͼöҩصͬһĻˣſȻǳض飬Ȼӹ⣬Ӫҵ
ţǶŽˣҶ˵ţͱ˹
һ̤УͿ˶ţЦǺǵӪҵϸĵǼǣǮĹʹ¥һӣһӵİң͵УպгҲ˼ĵһ
ҶϽžͺŽ㣬ˣ
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ô˵ҶͻȻʵ
λ־ֵľֳ˵ûдҶϵ˰ĭƵĻص
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ҶҲ´µ˳ˣҳ˲ļλɶ󣬲¼ȻѾȥˣȷһߣͻȻһ£һһҪ죬뵽£ˡ
ף㾿ʲôطҶǳһʹ
˺۾Ϲ׵һйأֻǣãã˺ҪȥѰˣֻĺӣſܹȥȴҲûм
ҶԻʱĭİСֻˣϣϣҪ㣡
ҶЩ棬֪ĭһ˲࣬ʵ˭
֪ϲ֪𣿡ĭص
Ҷϴź棬˵绰ãҶϡ
Ҷϲɳ绰дɭɭж϶Էһλӡ
˭Ҷһ˲ʶ˻ݺˡ
ѣɱ֮£Ѿȫ֤ݣԣҪһ¡ԷżɽĻص
ʲô£ҶϵһȷݺıضǴˣץסİѱȻҪЮ£
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ҶҪػ绰ѾҶˡ
ཡ
ΪҪһ䣬ȴôҲ벻һСʱ˵ڶ壡


141 
ҶϳغһֻĭĭɫЩɷ׵ˣæЦĭļ򣺡ôˣôֲң
˭ĵ绰ĭʵ
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ò˵Щж͸һ£Ϊ֮ˣͬУͬеٮٮߣ
ĭ˵˪һŮӼңϲ˯ƤҲãŮӲעЩôҺͶŽȥǶϢһɣҶ˵ţٻųˡ
ʲôңĭڻ˵еˣ
Ǻǣʲô㣬ף԰ʲôʱôˣĪǡ
ٳ˯ȥˣݰݣĭ˵ţ˷䣬ٶȷɿĹţ
ҶǵһЦվ˹һܰĹģͱøӵѵˣ
Ž㣬ȥɣҶϳһ˵
ŵ˵ͷĬĸҶ¥ˣֻǣüĿȴһ˿ĲãȴҲû˵ʲô
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Ҷһ˵ô࣬ӺͶֱۡüͷ΢΢һ壬ҶϵĿ⣬Щˡ
ȴЦǺǵ˵ʦõˣлˣ
ĿҶϵ֮ͻȻǽǴ˳һ֮£˷̳ϣֻ۾Ŀˡ
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ϣҶϼŵһ̣˵ˣ
Ҷϻͷ΢΢Цŵ˵ͷҲ˵ʲôˡ

ţҶϲòһٻ峯ԱιԱе㲻ˣϵܣⶼרýηˣ
ǧô˵Ǵˣĳ񣬴˰ӣ˾ҵȣҶЦǺǵĻص
㻹ҵǰأʲô֪ˣ𼤽ˣʲô£ǲҪ̧ȥ°ٹʵ
ҶεЦЦٹ磬һΣұ֤
Сӣ˵ģҲͦ᲻ģֻϧٹ̾һ˵Ҷϡ
ҶסˣһĪѾ֪ԼȥʲôˣҺɵӣƲƲ죺ٹ磬ܲ˵ģ
ģðɣҴ뿪ˣԺͲܰʲôˣһЩ᲻㣡ٹ˵ţһᣬһѱģһ㣡
ҶϻȻԭٹ˵ĲԼҪˣЦһٹ磬ȥͶ̥ˣ
ȥ˭ҪͶ̥˲ܷɣҪǣ㿴Ҫȥĭ˵һ֮ҵ뿴ٹص
˵ɣϴҶЦЦȻ͹ٹʱ䲻ȴûǺԼһͦչĹ
úã㲻ңôϴٹЦˣ
޿Ϊ˺ϴɣҶЦŻص
ûУϵܣһֱֵһ
ˣ֪Ҳ״һҶ˵ţɵЩˣ

棬ǽ껷ʱȾأ˵ģЩʲôģҲ߰㣬겻ס˵ĵطȫȫǷˡ
Ҷڷİأ֮кٹɡһһСؿ棡
ſڣҶҪţȴһ紵Զˡ
ॡһ죬Ŵһȡ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һʵԲģץ֤ݣⴿ죬ҵ֤ˣؼ꣬²Ҳ͹ȥˣ
ʿһֱܲǾͲǵ̬ȣΪЩʿУЩаʿˣɶ¶ó÷־־ֳǰ֮λɣǼаʿȫţ
ȻҶȴˣҪ־˭
ԺУֻˣֻɶѡˣ޷ǾǺϹֺλԼߵС죬ңСּºСӵĹǣǼһôô
ֻ޷Ǿϳ˽ӣһ֣Ҷʤİղ
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Ҷһ䣬ʵĿǰľ磬ҶѾܹʹͨѾЧˣȻһЩ۵СͷһЩûбҪ鷳
֮Ҷ̤ԺӣһԺܰЩ棬΢紵ſݲݣϸϸһжô͡
ǣҶ˵ؾһ֮أܹȻݵĺãȴҲܹоڵģؼǰ˼ϸĹۿܣһСıĳһֻ˵
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һСŮɨһҶϣ಻֪˴һֵҶϣţתܡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦһǶָ·İɣ׷ֻСͷӲ죬ȴҲȷȫ£ɽ
׷ֻСͷһֱ˰׵ľ룬ԽǰԺ˺ԺǻԣԺһƬܴˮӣԲΣʱϸϸˮ
СŮһֱɵˮӵĿϣͷҶ֣ͻȻͨһˮУ
Сͷˮأһ˫ֲˣˮ鸽ƽ
ҶпЦܣ־㱾µĻʵ̫Сˡ
Ҷϸ۲ܵʱˮӵıϣ֪ʱֻСͷһСװ磬鶼͸ղŵһֻһģһ
Ҷϲǣ߼ǰڳӵλãһλŮڳ룬ȫһ˿ҵͷҶϣеȻȻ϶£ǳ
ҶкˣǰӱϣһλŮʯϣŸľ鳣ڴʯϵ·ˡˡˡ·ϣն
תٿܣӣĴǹȴŮмλˮ裺


142 
ҶЦЦûдԺгգװЩǲ£Ҷ϶ȻΪС
ҲʿĹأЩ߼·ߵʿɱҶһǺǵģҲ壬ɱ
ҶϻǰӵıϣŵǼֻСͷһˮУȻʹʱЩͬʱҶһͷվˣϴ·ˣ質ͣˣĿһ˲䶢Ҷϣ
ҶĿ˸ʱֵ׼ĪЩĳаʿģܵаʿĿƣʱҪˣ
ֻǣҶȻ´ˣһ̣ЩŶӣһͷˮУһ˲ʧӰ
Ҷתľ֣ĿǰԺʱֻһ̵ֻ˻ĺԺУҶ֪Լˣڣֲĳˡ
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ҶϺɵʱ򣬵ˣгһλˣһڲͺҹһĺҹУͨˣˣȫԺҹɫںһ
ȻҶλʿԣĿˣͲòˣ
˭Ҷϻʵ
СϹˣͳЩɳƣ͵绰ϵˣ
ҶˣʲôʱСˣҪûʲô캦飬Ҳ͵͵ѣ
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ǺڶԷһȭʱҶһת̶βһ˵ļϣ̺ɳȥ
ģӶ֣㻹أҶߣͬʱӾһһ㣬ȭͷգսʽһȭȥҪԷ߹ˣ
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ҶһĿźˣЦţһ𽣣
ðɣԭˣľ̫թˣ֪ҶϻʹľУҶʩʱĵó˽ʩ𽣳֣ľҲûһˣԣ˴ʱƽˣҶһţùҧ˺ۣ
Ҷ϶еľٴӱȡϷ˽һŨɷ֣һʱ֮䣬ʣµĹҲҹҶˡ
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ӾϷ֣֮ʵЩ̧ˣ뵽ˣҶбһӣߣ
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Ҷ˳֮󣬲ʱϸһԭѪавãҪ룬ѪһѪߺڹѪ֮ģ
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ҶϱŹٹҪˣд󼱣ͻȻԾ׶ߣһ͵ķȣߵظһκɳȥ
ʹʱԺǽǴͻȻһǹ죬Ҷŵý̵ģһգ
죬һ֮һûǹ
Ȼȴǣղ߷ɵǼһȻҺһӷɿһʯ֮󣺡С˱ɣһȡͷ
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⡭ҶϾǽǴ
ֻĵٶȷǳĿ죬һ֮£ʧӰˣ
ʹʱǽǴˣڴ˶˳ֵʱҶϲεˣôǣ
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˪ıҶϵߣűҧ˵˿ڣæӿڴץһɰϣͿȥȻˣ
Ҷϰ˰ֻ֣ܵȭͷСĹٹԱߣӿڴͳһҩٹ磬ȥ
ϹٹͣҡҡͷϵܣѾˣȫѶϣ鵤ҩҲûˣ
ҪˣĭŴֵͣҶϺ͹ٹ
ٹ磬סһа취ģһܾ㡭㲻ȥôټһ¡Ҷϼٹر۾æԾٹ
ϣʩɣĭͻȻ
ʩҶϻ治֪ʲôȫѶϵĹˣȻĶ伮Ҳûʺϵǰȹķ
˪˵ϵз¶ϵɫ˫ַзϸ磬Ҳ⡭ʩɡ


143 Ϊ
Ҷ˫Щڽӹʱоǹһǧʯ֪˪˼ˣǣǾ˹ٹô
ԥˣԥȥٹʲôûˣ˪
ǰϣзӾȹٹ磬ΪʲôԥأĭҲߴٵ
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ʱٹѾ˴ıԵʶѾģˣ֧֧˵öʻ
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Ҷϵͨڽ֮Уһһ֮꣬ȶ˽ѻҪѵö࣬ؼڣ˵ǿ󣬺ҵ꣬˲ڵĵزǺҵġ
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ѵģǶԱȡ飬ڵͨȵ컹ѣ
ҶϽֱ۾ԼľԼڵĳ̶ȣпʼӦ꣡

ʱһ룬һĹȥˣĭͿɰҶҪĻͶ˪ߣҲҳһ
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Ҷϱ۾ͨһǿ뽣࣬һΣѪˣȻ׽ֱ꣬ͨɱɱҲ̶õʱͨȡ飡
˪ָͨ˲ʮ֮һʱһĿݣĿ΢΢һʹӿڴȡһͨĭйɱˣ²
ĭûͨĿǿģ˪ĻΪֻ֮˪һȦӣܲµǱǵģԣһֱɵĶ˪һԡ
ʱйɱˣ΢΢һ£ʱ򣬿Ķֲģԣĭ쬵ģĿɨӰûмԻûаҶܿٹ磬Ϊʲô˵Ĺ
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˪ȻԸĭǣֹֻΪȦһƣǶ꣡


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Ҳ밡ʲôأǲȥǾֻеˣ˪̾һ
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˪һʯһ񣬾æŸӲԵȥˣ


146 м
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ѾͰǳϤˣȻ֮Ĳ޵ĵҶϻ֪ģֻԭΣȴҲûһĭߵʱ򣬾ͽǹ֧Ҷϡ
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ЩȻ챦ʯֻǲزͬ۸ҲвͬĿ˵ţӪҵԱ˼ʯһ˶ԣһžܶʯΣרҵԱȻҶȴô鷳ĿڱʯһһɨһѪɫıʯϣʯɫһҪһЩڵڲô۵ıʯҿ
ӪҵԱһȥĶɾ͸ˣʯбʯߵģ෴λȴߣʮԪ
ӪҵԱæóǺʯǧ챦ʯѪɫɫʹڲͬλСϣһϲλСƯƷɲγ߹󡭡
ҶϲòλӪҵԱĿڲţ챦ʯʹˣһֿӪҵԱ۾ˣղŻбҶӣһǱأ
ѡǶ֮ȻͬһײһۣЩǸѡģмҵġЩǱЩϿͻ鱦ߣԴ̿ڱһӾͱҶѡˡ
ߣЩʯɸٵÿ˵ˣϰ֪ΪͨˣΪֵֻ̾ǮӪҵԱҲ룬ȥϰˣȵһΪĶ࣬ϰܸۣܲ
ۣһ飬˾Ӧŵ˸λˣ
ӪҵԱѪ챦ʯʱһɨһۣðɣѪ챦ʯһͬѵһֻǴûзֶѣ
뵽⣬ӪҵԱ;ˣòλ˿;ķŴ󾵶ûã˵ˣ
мңӪҵԱܽһ仰
ӪҵԱºϰ˵ˣϰཱུ壬΢΢һ£֮
ǰǰӪҵԱæӦ
ȥλмңϰ建վŵˣ
Ҷ˻ڴ죬أ
ϰһ֣Ŀ˸ҶϣǺﻹһҼһ£ֻҪЩ鱦ۡ


147 ҹ
ཱུϰҶ˽һС䣬ʹӻóһµĺӣӻش򿪣ڴ򿪵һ˲䣬ɢĹâڵƹ£һǳɫԲ顣ϰߵǽǣӵĵƹˣֵǣص֮󣬻ɫԲɢ֮⣬˴ɫ
ۣӳͣЩմʮˣһμҹⱦʯ
ҹ飡ҶһⶫѾټˣʵغЩģȱʯ
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ҶСͼʯһʹͨ鿴һʲôҲûС
ϰҶѾˣʹ˵ȣƹ£Բлָ˻ɫԲ飬ĻɫΣ
ҶϿʼ˼νҹ飬ʵһϡеıųơ顱顱顱ȡͨ˵ҹָӫʯҹʯǴһЩҽ緢ĵ˶ڿʯжɣЩϡԪصʯͷӹ˵ҹ飬л̡ǳȺɫӫʯŵɫӫһգͻᷢӫ⣬ַԵıΪҹǿ
ǣǲҹ飬дԵѧ˵ҹϷ⣬ʹһǣҶϸղͨԵʱ򣬾ͺͨʯͷһʲôڡ
ҶΪԼԴˣһνͨ̽Уʼһ񣬵ǣҶϳͨʱ򣬷ʲôͨһ֡
Ҷ¾漫ˣʲôȻͨʲôʵڵĶͬͨͨ
Ҷüһ̽ͨһһûɣ˼⣬ѵԼоˣԲᰡͨʹԣָоһӵʹ
Ҷϻ̧ͷҡҡͷϰ壡
˼˵ⶫҹ飿ϰЦʵ
˵ǰûмҹ飬˵ǻ߲ǣҶϽĻص
۹ҲԱⶫĳһˣϰ˵ţͽǷ
Ҷϲܼֻ֮ܲˣҶҲںǼǮǮԣֻһ֣һﵽĿĵĹߣ˿ǮȴǮˣһӵĽǮū
ǮҶ˾뿪˱ʯֻ̣ǣϰԶȥ¶һ˿ЦݣҲ֪ʲô
ϸ磬ûм˪Ҷʲôû˵ܾùֵֹģ
ûв´ǶӦʲôʯͷҹ飡Ҷϻص
ǾǱˣΪʲôǴ˵ɿʯͷǱˣеģı˪æص
ϰͨôҶϻһ䡣
ͨˣҿһûʲôͨģѵ㷢ʲô˪ص
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²ӦúͬУڽӵʱûиоʲôԾģҶϷʵ
ûаҾһж˪ص
ʦ˵öԣʢӻص
Ҷ⵹ǹĿ࿴ˣʵӵĵд֮ͻƳڵͯڶ壬ʱͻڵĿܣУʿѾˣ
ӵ㣬˪뵽ˣʵҶһע⵽ʢģֻǣڽȥ֮ΪǺ챦ʯɢû⡣
ôֵģ˪ʵ
ǿҹ֮УвлڣӦģҶϻص
ʵҶΪ뵽ͬУͨǻ뵽ģϵǸϰ彫ôĶװϣһҲǣԣ;ǿӣǱʯϰ
ԽԽˣҶһûʿʱ򣬾Ͳй֮󣬲ˣ͹򽻵ڸǷôʿʿ磬òûô򵥣
ʦ֪үү˵ԭϵһһаǰܣĻʱˣصˣ˾Ϳʿˣӻص
ϢҶϾ࣬˵Щ¹ʲô£ڻɣҲʲôϵˣԼˣ
صŵ飬ӳˣӽȣȫԶһˣԣҶϺ˪Ҳܰĵˣ
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㣿㲻ԼɣҶϻص
ʲô㿴Ӱöľ죬Լжϼĭص
⻰ʵ˴һҶϿЦ˵ʵòã
УҾҪǿǲңҾһȥ£ĭնĻص
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ϣĭҪȥ참Ҷֱˣ참аɣȥ鰸Ϊ׽
ĭ룬ô£ȥ鰸˭ܲҹʰɣ
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ص䣬Ҷó˺챦ʯϸһеıʯѪɫһţΪкеĻ̫ˣ˪ԼˣøҶˣ
ҶҲԶʺԼȻҲʺӣֻĿǰڹ̽׶Σʱˣⵤܲס
Ҷһͨתеĺ챦ʯԶҶϵǰҶϱ۾ͨȥӦʯе
ͨոɫʯ;ǿ谭գֻܺͰеһһ㣬һͨ룬ÿһΰ㹻һСʱ
ͨİ£֮ǰһӺ챦ʯаγһţָƬС̶ڿз룬ţĿǰҶϵľȻ޷ܣֻһΪʮԻƶСĿڡ
ڣɢҪתͨάٶȣζܽ뵤ǵһգʹѵζͺŮʧȥһεʱһԣֻͨһ㣬һͽ뵤
ȽϿգգһֱգȱʯһʱ򣬵ҲװˣӲҪװȥǳȻԱһǵﱬѣʿԣһзĸԴһﱬˣ˲ͱʿе÷ˣ
ԣҪ뵤ת̲ͨڷһ֮ͨУ
һǷǳӵģҼзգһת̲ͨأɲɣʿʿĹˡҲƽ˵߻ħأпܱħˣ


148 鰸
Ҷغһؼʱ̵ˣɹ񣬶غԺչغ
ʿ·һ̼ȴҲʱп·ߣһ̤·ҪϵķܽϵУֱĳһΪ
ҶϾųеԼֹˮʼˣ
ǧϵ£һֵΪʹˣͨ񵯵Ļеԭӵ
ҶĿǰĵУδʿ߾ͨ飨ͨ׶ΣȻֱֻתܸɵͨ
Ϊʮ֮һССţڵͨʧرųЩҶͯڣӽĩڵʿڣȻǲᰲֵģһðͽһΣĴε֮ﴢͨķѴطͱٵһͿ
ҶϴæתеͨЩֵȫһײ˵Ҳ˺ţֽͨǻģҸǸӵģͺͻѧʵһҪתͨһʵı仯Ӹһײ㣬ɵһײͨҪĺܶͨɡ
˰һշʽͼһЩʱѡһ㣬һУͨ˻棬νڻԵΪ¯ʼ
֮ͨ£Űˣһ˿һ˿ɢһ㸴ӵͨЩͨṩҪɡ
֮Ҷ֮ǰͨĴɵĽӽһͨҲˣֻǣһͨҲǺܾ˵ĹȻ֮ǰĺҪһЩ
ҶϾͽЩͨأʱҶ˺챦ʯ챦ʯ˰ɫ塣
ҶϸոֽӴһ£ͱ˷ĩˣ챦ʯ׵ıˣû֧ţͱʯˣһֵûˣ
Ҷϸ۲쵤еĴطԶѾԲĹĵıŵĵﲻͨһĿտյˣװͨ
ȷһʯΪӦͻƺڣĩˣֻҶϲ뼱ŲԣӰ飡
뵽ˣҶЦˣŵʱ򣬼˪ˣֻٶȱȽÿ˵ʽͷͬûӴҵʵ֮ԣ֮һҾ˵аٷ֮ʮʧˣ
ҶϾͽԼվ̸˪Ϊοʿϣÿ˵ǲͬģʺҶϵδʺ˪ԣǲοҪԼ
ճԹ緹ĭ͵ȲˣסҶϣϣ˵˽ȥ鰸ģ߰ɣ
ҺûӦ㰡ҶϷһۡ
ľͷˣæҾ㲻ˣĭҶϡ
ãﲻȱһλŮ˰Ů˵ˣ˪Ц
㰡ҲŲϡأĭص

˶һ죬ʰ˶ȥ鰸ˣ
һγȥҪλһܺߣĭݣҵֱ̫ˡ⸾ŮĿǰסǼ˽ҽԺľƲ
ҵλŮʱĭԾݺǼˣŴҶȥλŮʱ򣬸Ů־壺ӣȵңӡˡҶҺӡ
ĭҪǰʻҶ϶ˣȵȣǺ˵
װģĭʵ
㿴װ𣿡Ҷʵ
ϸ磬˵ˡ˪ӴתƺҶϵ˼
ţҶϵ˵ͷ˾ڲУСʱСʱĸŮȻеĺϻ֮Ȼķ֣⸾ŮȻ֪Լĺӱˣ
ʦ᲻Ǻ˵أЩţһʱ䣬ôȥˣСʱķ軰ʵ벻ͨҶҪʲô
ĭ취ܺߣǲҲҶʵ
Ѿ͵͵ҵؼ¼ܺ߻ȡӤ飬Ѿʲô֪ˣĭص
ߣһߣҶüͷ˵
ߺֻ࣬ǣʵһԣһһߣȻһ־꼫ȽţΣգ£֮һ֮ͻ뿪ߣȻһ壬ͨ壬ˣ
µλĸŮӦƵ̥ʱ־ߴ֮һˣһ׷ȥ̥̣ͱųˣ
ʱȥʲôط˪ͻȻˡ
ԣֻҪȥҵףҶЩ˵
һô򵥾ҵףĭЦĺϲˣֻҪƽӣǳõĴ͡
𣿡дͣſˮ˾ˣ
ֻǾʹʱ˪һˮˣûô򵥣Ҫ꿪ڣΪô׵
Ҷһȷһ⣬ĿǰŮ־壬ңˣҲδؼסͺεһûмܳڵļš
ǣμǲסҲԭģ˵־ͼһԣܵƣǲģĽ꣬ԣ˾ܼס꣬סˣҲһСֶѡ
˵ڵ⣬δ֮һʳһأ
ҲûУֻǣΣҲ󣬸㲻þͻŪҶͯδͻʿðյķһ㲻
ϸ磬ѵľû취ˣ˪ʵ
ûУǲʩΣ̫ˣҶϻһ䣬̶˵ѻܽ⣬ǡ
Ҷ˵ѻ꣬ʵС˵еѻȫ£ѻ꣬ȡ꣬ȥһЩ飬ѶǺܴģɹҲֻаٷ֮ʮ
԰ôû뵽ѻˣǲסĶһ겻ǺļǵôֻҪֻץȥ·͡˪Ƿ´½һЦˡ
ǿʵʩѻĻ˺ܴ󰡣ҶƲƲ죬ŷĸŮ
⸾Ů˵ɣȴҲһǣͻȻֽţҪѻ꣬Ҫ𡭡
̸һԵĸŮϹˣŮϹһλײְԱʵԻǵ˺ж󣿡
˵׼һܻͺһجһزҪл꣬˺һЩҲҶϻص
أŮϹʵ
򵥵˵ҪϢգգΣ֮һ˯ʱģҶϽ͵
УǾѻ꣬ɱ֮ܲŮϹĻص
¾ôˣԼʱ䣬ʱѻ꣬ҶҪ׼һЩʩģͺĭһ뿪ҽԺ


149 ѻ
ʩչѻ䣬Ҫĵʵ̳࣬õһЩߣֻǣѵĪѻķûзЭ֮ǸҲδ
Ҷһŷ̳ϵıʺɰѪīˮŴӵнӹһɫֽš
һɫЩšɫǱȻɫһεķĲͰɫɫɫɫɫ࣬ɫͬʱҪʩߵĵҲߣĵĹҲɫ֮ɫɫִ֮͵ǻɫҲͨķ
ǿʩչ߼ķ󲿷ڷ޷ʩչǻԵɺʩչɹҲ⵽ķɣ߾ҡ죬Ѫ
ȻʿҸУҲɳ߼۹򰺹ıʯķ󲿷ֵʿһĵʵͽıڣǮƹ򰺹ıʯ͸߼ķֻֽʹЩɫ
ҶĿǰ״ȻѾУԱȽϸߵĵˣ
Ȼķʩյķ󲿷һµģΪʩʩʱӦķſʩչȻҲЩҪķ߲ҪеķҪеķͨڶʹãռͷ
ѻȸķ䣬ҪǷǳߵģͨҪߣĲ裬Ҳͬܺӣ
Ҷ֮ǰȱ۾ԴϸһĲ裬ſʼʩˣ
ÿʩһǾģľа޴һƬհף׽ڻǰȾʮӡ룬ͷԿհףֹƺľܳң״̬
һҪиӦνĸӦڤ룬ҲǼ룬оŷ򣬻ڽһ塣·ڼලԼֶһҪ¡
أҶϸӦǿ֣һ˳ˣ
Ҷϣɷ𣬵棬ʥǰԸԻңլˣơһТ壬ף£ԸڷӵҶϻɹ񼣺պգâɣ͸Ҷжġ
νһķȻҪ񣬵ȡ֮еķضҪʾҲǰģĿģ⣬гεһ㣬ԱʾصԶعؾĿһдһƪ
д֮󣬹ڷ̳ǰĿһعؾᶨٴģٰӡ㣬Լ˰㣬ģȦٻձϣ˫ֺĬлӣ̴ʡ
žǻص㣬ǰ֮δ򷢺ʩֽͬ飿
ʱȰɼ٣ѻ䲻ȻҪǰ֤ؼǴ
ԲԣزԲԣںηҶϼסXXXX·XXšҹ֧㣬ǧƣ춯أ绽꣬ƣߵŮǾ̫ʦԼʥ̤ƽʮ磬գϱڣ޴棬ʥɼٽҲҶϣҹλɼܽ٣򣬴͵Ըɻӣ͸飬ԾˣҶߵ󡣡ҶĬоġ
Ĭ֮ʶгķ壬Ҷϵܣһ͵Ĺâŷ̳
ʱҶ֪Ѿ뵽ˣǵ棬ǰṤ
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ֽ䣬ˮ䣬īԼ䡣
Щһǻˣжȡ䣺ʻӣ԰ħа̫Ͼ
ȡ䣬ҶͻȻеıʿʼˣı֣±䣺ͷԲط£±ʣء
жͬʱֽϣжҴ򹴻мţһضʦɷȥǧ⡣
Ҷֽзֻ֣ǣ󼸱ʣȴǷѾ֪ôˡǣĵóһʯͨձʯ
ͬʱм뷷䣺̫ϾŮǾԼʥһ֧ħָ壬˳á
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ҶϺһں챦ʯ֮£ѻһţ
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ҶϣлŮǾ̫ʦԼӵôԸ˷񼣺պգɹâҶϹ棬ɷʥɼܰ磬պȼߵɼܽ٣򡣵ҶϽϹӭ
Ҷ϶֮ܵǿһ˲䲻ˣҶһ۾
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ˣŻˣĭҶ۾˷ܵʵ
ôˣҶԴκģͺһˣ
˪ӱ˽Ҷˣ˶˷ܣлһɫˣˣԼˣ
ԼˣҶϾȵҪǸղôô۾Լڴϣ˷ԼֻƵ飡
˵ϸҶڻһ룬Ҳ֧ͨһűʯ֮󣬾εˣⳡʹ˽ˣ
˼Ҷϵ壬ͨ̽ͨľͺ͸֧һĵĶˣεˣ
ȻӺ˪¥ʰ̳ʱȴķ֣ҶϻһķȻԶһһĸˣһһɫֽζ֮˺ɫּ
ϣҶϵһ֪ʲôˣһֱǵԼǵε
Ҳ˵ˣ
Ͼߣһ뿪壬ʱ߰״̬˷ֻʿңоܵͣһϣǾͲгϣ
ô˵ֻҪѻͺãȥҽԺɣҶ˴оָıȽϿ죬ѾӰ첻ˣ
ҪɣҴ绰ȥҪϢĭ
ˣһᣬһŮʲô£һеͶˣҶ˵ţͽԼİ


150 Դ
Ҷ˵ҽԺǸŮɷ񲣬һ˵⣬һ˵ǣ֮еĻûжٿŵģǣҶȴһЩ
ѻʼˣ̳Σڿʼ֮ǰһҪʩʱֵңһẦŮ㲻飬Ƕңô޷ɹ
ϣҪһͬҪ򵱵ص飬кҪȷⳡһʧ
ҷԶȥѣҺ콫رؽ񽫣ٱٽ񽫣УĬ֮ſʼʩ
Ů̧̳ǰԴ߻ߣҶͨŮӵڣͬʱȼѻѻͨЭҶϡ
ɫķͨǲһһ˲Ůӵ壬ŮȫһսѾߣǿͨǲ㽫ˣ
Ҷϵͨ壬ҵ֮꣬һĿȽǳ룡
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ǻǹأҶʩ񣬽վҹƮȥˣ
Ҷǰ׷öŸŻǣ˻ǣһ·ɱ
ŮĵڶҽԺֱҽԺһСɽȥˣҶĬĬ׷棬Ϊǰɽϵģ׷˼ɽ˾ʮ·һɽˣ
ɽֲȽϺã֮У˼׵ʮ׵ľǣǲ
֮Ҷ˾ͼӱСˣǰԶǵĿĵأ
ȻڶɽʮңͣһĶڣĿ˵ŶѨ
ҶȽϸģڶڴ¿һۣȻ˵ĽӡȻǺܶ࣬ӡȴȽ£
Сģ²ʲô֣ˣҶϹ۲˵棬͵óۣ
ľͷˣ㲻ǿЦɣɽ֮У˭ĭ۾Сص
Ͳ֪˰ɣǶܷΪʲô˲ܣ´ˣĭʵ
˵ԷҲʿĭͻȻһ
ⲻǷϻôǽȥҶϰһĭ
Ϊȷȫĭʿ·ֻӵȼ˻ѣҶϽ򷢻ȥˣһ̤붴Ѩ
һȽϿĶѨСһڿˡߵʱҶͻȻָ֣ԱһСѨж
⻰˪ӾȡľһһǰĭҶϵϣе΢΢ز
Ҷǰ棬һСѨ֮УһУĻЦѨеŹƣ͵ģ
Ҷӵ˵ͷǰѲ˹֮У̼䣬ˣ͸Ļѹ
Ҷ˼ǰ˳ŻЦĵطȥһȻԽ˶Ѩһ˳ȥȥɵˣһƬƽأԶһƽĴ峤ׯ˹ƺܸУС¥
ӣů͵մأһȺСӣˮˣӨĺˮΧׯɽˮԷĸоߣŮеϴ·ͷͷһȺɹ̫
ۣľͷˣԴĭŴͣĿŴׯ
Ҷ֣¿ͨĿǰһĴׯĭԣĿǰ״һƬ͵Դ
Ҷ̾һ͵ĴׯǲҪˣתƲߣ
ȵȣϸ磬㿴ˮ㿴˪
Ҷ˳˪Ŀ⣬һȥˮˮһѪӣš
ٿӱߵĸŮһӶˣЩԼͷˮУЩһţһŵȡݣЩһ׶೤ͷǻеĵ
Ҷһû뵽ߵˣԣʱǺҹô˰ˣ
ۣҶϼæ˵
⻰һڣЩĿͶҶһ˲䣬ëȻĸоҶϲΪʿôˣʲôûмֻǣģĹۣȷǵһμ
˿ҵʩͨʮ֮ڣ̶һаȼ
ȼմʱܵĳˣһ˲ɰ˺ҹׯˣվڶѨУǰȴվһλССһ֣Ҷеľâһó޵۹ⶢСȻ㣬أƥ򣬸ӹӸˡ
СĿһ飬ȴҲûлشҶһ仰
˪ӣĭСһⲻҶϵĳҺϹекô
Ҷһ˳ңһ˲֮󣬱侲ͷԣ⺢ʲô֪Ҹ֪⺢Ӿжʵٶ֮죬Ѿ˲˼ĵزҶϺ⣡
ҶϼСûлػǾɱȥԸλСܳƣһ̳ͬʱһֻתͨһ˲ۡ
ľڹʱ򣬹ҶϣС쵽ٶȶˣչڶֹһðһ棬˹С
ȻǾȵǣǿ޵񹦻౻ԷˣҶѾѧ˻ĵ㣬ܹʮ֮Ļ⣬ûлйС
Ҷа⾿ʲô
еľ죬ȻӰУǴԼص⺢Ѳ˸ϵػ׷ٶѾܿˣֻǣСӰӣȫӰڶѨε
Ǻ֣Сʼգûйǣ
˪Ҷ޷СͺһˣӣĻɱȥ׷ɱ
˵ţ˪ҪȥĭһŹСߴӵ
Ȼ߿ӵһŴйСĭò˺󣬽սҶˣ
˪ˣľâ˸嵽Сߣ׷Сŷڵ˪Ȼб֮ǰ߲˶٣ȻսḻˣÿһγУɱУ⣬ҶϺ֣ĸͬķ򣬽СУ
СͻȻĽһɫһ˾ЩģȻҲǱֽе𾪵ʱ򣬹СͻȻ˰ΧһѾʧڶѨˣ
˪ŹСҪ׷ɱȥҶֹסˣĪ׷ǲĶ֣ûг֣
ĭҶϵĻֵҶϣǶĶ֣⺢ʲô
ҶֻܿЦҲ֪ʲô׷ЧһֻǣȴûмһĹǹˣʼ޷϶
ϸ磬үү˵ʱڣһλаʿаʿʿ֮⺢ӻ᲻ǹ˪üͷص


151 Դ
ҶԼԴôܰأûٹ֮顷֮Уйڹֻ˵һձĹعԱҶϺˣ
νĹʵǹǺӣʵʵڵĺӣСӳĵһ쿪ʼӤϵѪҺʬʹιֱܳԷʱʼӤʳƷһӳͱ˹ʮ꿪ʼй˫ԣʩչܺһڰߣ
Ǳȹ£ĭ̾
û򵥵˵˽˰죬һţǣֹǶɫɱ֣˪˵
ֹЩĹͳ죬Ҳ˵ÿֻлٵĶһЩūѪӤѵĹūҶԽԽ档
ǵĵ˺ǿ󰡣ѪӤʿаǰĶ飬ֻĿǰڻĲûĹǻǾ뿪Ѩɣ˪
ԽԽ£ʱĿܣ˪뿪ξԲ˵ģʹߴҶˣʦ˪˵ôȥѪӤ
߲ˣҶ̧ͷԶ
⻰ֵܣͻȻ֣ڸղųֵĶڣһγˣһչ붴Ѩתٿ󣬽ʱĶѨˣҲ˵Ŀǰֻһ·ǰߣ
˴ź棬߳ѨһοԴһУôͣ
ҶȡʩʧΣǰһУʵһ棡
ǽȥɣǾʲôҶ˵ţŴׯȥˣ
ȻЩǣȴҲòҶϽŲһС߶ڶѨУ
̤ȥׯСЩǼ˹һҶˣҶϺЩǹ꣬ͻȻ˽룬һ󣬺ϡ棬ǣͲˣ
ϸ磬˵ЩǲǹĹū˪һȺȺеع꣡
ӦòǣЩ˼룬ӦǾþڴ˵Ĺ꣬ˣ𣬾װ֪ǹǣһҪ߾裬ҪʲôҶ϶
ߴʱԶУԽԽ
ţӱϵĸŮվҴææıĵطˣЩˣСܵĿ죬ӾӰûˣ
ҶָָѪӣӣʲôϷȥ
ĭݺݵһҶϣʱ㻹ô
л˵ǲףҶƳһĭȵԽѪӣ
˼æϣ˪һҲԻˣҶΪʲôҪ壬ⲻ֪ɽлƫɽôв⣬ǣȴҲҶʲô뷨ˣĬĬظţ
ԽѪӣҶһȣ˴ׯ
ҵĵطҶ˾Ǹˣʮ֮ҵ֮أʵһֱһ򷢳ҶԽԽˣҪ˹Ҫôǻþ
һƹ㳡ĵطʱַǷΧһȦӵˣСڴ˵ӵȥǻã
ҶϻߵȦ㣬һСС̨Ǵ﷢ģĄ֣̊́ӰûУ̨·ġ
ҶЦЦһλ˵ߣЦǺǵʵүүʲôϲ£
ҶϵĻתЦЦĶҶϣ˵ˣ̨ǻӭأ
ˣҶԺظָ֣ǰɣ
ҶϺɵʱͻȻͣˣţһλǳ޵С̨ˣ̤橲СһŤһŤˣ
λǣǵôôһôλСϸ˵
ҶͻȻȻ򣬸ˣ˽ѾԽԽӽˣ
һǵһλɱĿˡһЩˡ죬Ǽλ˽ˣҼţǲƻĺгȻԹӭǡ˵ţλƯŮӣĿͶҶˡ
ϸ磬᲻ģ˪ĵʵ
ɣȻٿҶϻص
һӭǣֻ޵Ů˵꣬ˣңҶˣ
֣óһСλ޵ĹС
ǺãӭǽԴΪʾǵĳ⣬Ϊ׼˼СĿȻΪϣλŮ֣Ѻõӣ
Ӽæ֣Ů֣ãҽ棬˼ʿ׽Ĵʦ
⻰һڣҶϾһ߷ӣڹǰҫԼⲻ͵û·ǰҫԼô
޵Ů΢΢һ£ŻЦҶ֣ãҽȣܸʶ
ҶϼӵĻûмŭŮͷˣæ֣Ҷϣǳлǵ
ĻȻԴԺҾһˣôĿǿɰ
һˣҶߴ仰ʲôѵǲˣ
ʱĭ֪ʱ˹ȥ֣ãҽĭ죡
һ죬ɫ΢΢һĭ֣߹ȥֺ˪кˣȣܸʶӣӿͱСأԺͽȽɣڹԴʲôҪһҾˣ
ĭ֣ڿͣһڵ˻ҧ촽һԲ
ʹʱĿʼˣһˣ
һǡȾǺǣ˼Ǽģͣһˣ˵ţȾ뿪˹Ⱥ
̨ϷֻŮŮվ̨ϣҶϷ΢΢ʩ񣬽žͿʼˣ
һֻǰԼԴȡĻҶϼöˣֻᰡͬ˪Ӷԣⲻʲô˲ľ
ǣĭ˵ֻڵЧмĻ棬ͻĳ֣ǾµģҶϵӣ
ţڶֻŮͬͷȡ͵һֻһУվһԣţǵֻͬĶ
Ҳûʲôʵİϧ
㻹Ŀˣ˪ݺݵظһ⣡ղǾûͷԵĻټӼŮʱֱ
Ӹܵ˪񣬵ͷ
ڿ̨ϣֻͷԼԴŤһͽԵͷ­ǰĵϣ
õϵֻͷͬʱ˵仰
⻰һڣһλ󺺾ͽ͵̨ȥˣ
ʱ̨һֱܳŵڹͻȻʹĹƣмˣ
ҶһʲôĿЩϲˣȡͷЩ⣬Ҳˣʱڴˡ
ֻͷǫ̃ԵΪߣŤһܴ󣬹˼ֹĸоأ
ŤһȻǻģţֻͷͻȻƮ̼俳ϵֻͷ
Ҷϵһѵɱʽıݣ
һ̣ͼϵֻͷԱΪģһΪϢǼȥֻͷг˰˿飬ܾȵİ˿顭


152 
ۣⲻҪˣλʿҲ˶Էǹ飬δ෴ʱ飬Īˣ
ϡĭô֣ž˽ҶϵĻУرҲҿˣ
˪һӣһǵĶˣҶһ㾫ʱݣòˣ
Ҷϳ˾̾ĸ֮߳⣬ֻиĭϵ´ˡ
ɰ˿ͷ­ûʧȴĿ֮£ˣûһһŵͷ­ֻݵĹеĴ󵶶һԣӵϼ˸Եİ˿ֻСȭͷСͷ­ΪݵĹߣСϷ
ֻͷ­ǰһ׳ȥֻͷǰһһͣһֻʱһֻнࡣһֻнֻ࣬ͷһͺ͸棬һһ
žžžž£ʱҵ
ĭ˷־壬תһۣǺ棬գ۾ԭˣӼ
ҶֱͷˣӼģǹ
Ҷȴ룬ˣȥһĿôʱ䣬ңĿǰҲûҪĿ춼ˣ
뵽ˣĭļ򣺡𣿡
ĭʶԼòƽҶϵϣңĳɣöҶϵǰʵЩˣһ˲ߺľͷˣҳҶ
ҶŶ԰ɣҶϷһۣ
ĭŭƿҶϣжô֪
Ŷ˵ʲôǶҶϷʵ
㡭ĭͷ
ҶתЦ˪˵ȥ̨¶֣
㡭ʦҲݣӾ
ϸȥ飬ݣ˪һӣŵò˵ʲô
Ҷ̨ЦŶԴ˵λȻӭҵˣô˼ûиĿء棬Ҳ¶֣
˵ţҶϲ̨·Ӧʹӱȡһֽףĭֽ׻ǵдҵ׬ģҲʶһֽʵǻģ
ĭ⻰ͨͨɫ糺죬ȴһů´УôҲ벻ҶʱգˣȴӶҶдҵֽף
ʱֻҶ˫ֽףͻȻеֽ״һڣЩֽһ˲ƮڿнػûȻɺˣЩɺ׵ĳ֣ǹ˸ղͷϷҵĿУ
ǵģڹ˵Щò˵Ϸʲô⣬ȻҪֽױɺףܵ飬ǹͷ𣬹ԽŪܽŪ𣬵ȻԵ˵
ҶϺһɱéɽУڸ߽ײķˣҶһµʱ䣬Ŀǰɱȴޣʱͽֽ׵Ƕʹˡ
ȥҶָͷͺһ
ʱûɺһӵϣֻͷ׳ͷ­Уգ
ڹһʿҪǶˣ
ڹ뵽ˣһɢܵıӻ죡
ֻͷΪʧȥͷ­һ㵹أҲվˣ
˪࿴Ҷ϶ˣľ֣ĭӣѾյ͵ʵˣҶѾ˹֣¸ҵվ˪֮ǰɱɣ
˪΢΢һЦȻӵʵȻѾлҲܺȣ˷ܵģĪӵ¸ˣ
ˣע⣬Ĺ⣬һ֮£վ̨ϣڳֵһ̣һĹҶϻӳһȭ
Ҷû뵽Էôͳ֣ҹĹ꣬ҲĻᣬϸղšɱķ̫ͨԣһнҲýӣҲ㲻
ҶֻԴͨܣͬʱһȭɫĹ֮ϡ
䣡һ죬Ҷϵ첲й۵ļʮңסţо֮Ǻεȶ֣Ȼ˺õ֣ѵǹޣ
ĹޣָĲһĹˣԩʲôԹܣԩԽɵԽޣͲ̸ʲôԹˣʵʵڵĴ֮Ϊ磬ɢڤɹ
ɢͺʿͨһʿһͨɹͱͯˣһɹɹɢȻɢҲǱȽٵģ̫ѣܶһˣһصͨʲʮ֮һɢĹͬʿͯڣΪʿ񣬶ܣһϣһĹ꣬Ǵ򲻹ʿġ
ɢԹԣͺͯڶʿһǼͻƵľ磬һͻƣҲʵı仯ˡ
ͻɢΪڤĹޣѾܵ˾һְٰˣ껣ĿǰҲڤڵĵжѣڤĩڣ൱ʮ޵ľˡ
ɹͺʿͨһʿͻͨڣ𻯳ɣֱӷˣɹҲһɹҪѵö࣬һѾһĹ޳ܵˡ
Ȼò˵˵һΣⷽ˵һҪһݱ̣ù˵ɢ֮£һĽײ㣬˹ײ㣬ܺͬܿʼڵĹ
ֻһóѣɱҶϰ¾ģǲǹޣһѻԣЧȻǺãûЧ취
ס֣ʱһֻϹˡ
ֻڱƽҶϵĹڿͣһ˴ߣɱλˣѵɱ
ǿˣЩᣬɱ٣Ĺص
ֻֻܺһļλվһ𣬲һǹޣԴĹʮа˾Ŷǹޣֻǰٷ֮ʮĹûͻƹĽײ㣬ûܳΪɢ
ҶϾλĹĿΪһССݶԣ
ˣǵĺˣ˵һԹֻҪ߽Ҳ߲ȥˣԣˣҲֻĹ˾֪Ҳ˵ﳬ򵥵˵ǳˣɫ˵
һ˲侪ֵŴͣʵǾ޴ģգǧʷУΪˡ֣֪پأĴ£
С˵ҲǻĶŮĽô
ǲҪţʮǰһλͷܣϵɱˡ˵
ҶȷⲻΣǲûȷ˵ǳˣ
ĳˣʲô˪Ҳ֪ѯҶˡ
Զˣǿ㹻ʱص
ôջһʣȻˣʲôĭͬԻѯԼҲѯǡ
ǺǺǡǧ֮Ժ룬Ǿôӵ˳ĻᣬǰǳˣʲôҶҲ֪Ǹˣˣߺ˪ĭһԻˣ
ƳһˣЦǶôˣãͬ٣³棬ԡ


153 
һˣĳ
֮ͻȻˣĿȷҶˣһ˾һҸ飬ҶͻȻˡ񻰡ǲӾ磬ǳˣȻĿ
ǲҪҪ뿪ҳ·ںηҶһ˲㯣żĻص
˵ţΪʾĳϣҶһӡһֻֻͷɺ׻ˣɵЩСȭͷСͷ­Ҷϵߡ
ҶͨתЩȻ۵ͷ­һ𣬸ͨˣЩͷվԼͷ­˲ϣֻˣ
СӣǹԸ㣬㿴ԴǣûмֻҪ˭ȥͶ̥ΪһǡЩӵգ˶ټ˵Ѿǡ
Ҷϵһʹѵûг·ˣҶһιۿԼķ򣬱ˣͨӵ·ˣ֮ľûһ
СӣˣҲûʲôˣһļҶһ壡Ҷɽͽ͵
磬ν˵صģҶʵ
ҴȥҼҰɣ·ںǽͣ̾һ˵
Ҷ˸Źȥ˹Уȥ·ϣϸ˹Դĳ֣ԼԴĳɳʷ
Ľ⣬ʮǰﲢݹھǸѨһȺϸʮĶһȺѰƬأͰ
ΪЩȥ˾ܱڰյĻȪ·ȴҸ徲ĵطһأ
Ǻõģǣǽﲻãһλͷӣͷ֮󣬹ԴͨˣˣǱѺڴˡ
Ǻ֣ഺפˣʱʮ֮Ҳûйϵǣ
ȵȣ֪˵ˣǲʿҶʵ
һһλ˲ʿص
Ǻ۾ԲԣҶϼʵ
סô֪˵ˣǶɢˣСȻԻ
ǱƭˣûҺö˶˵ĻţҶϻص
ǰɣһֱܺ棬֮ǰһˣ˻Ļȴˣѵص
ҶЦˣȻ˳ȥ˵أΪ֤Ҷ˵Ļһȥڷˣײ֮УëûУ
Ϣܿȫ崫˳ɹ뿪˹ԴϲѶȫڹҵĴԺ֮УεҶϡ
ӾˣкЩȴ⣺ʦ뿪Դֻǣǻ֪ʲôģǺǣûϵҾ͸ǣģֻҪԸڳȥ֮ÿֻȡһιʹлǣһа취뿪˵أ
ڹһһιͣЩԥ뿪Դ֮¾ʹӦˣ
ҶϿȻĶٶֻأ뿪ٵ꣬ת֮ĹһʴĿǰ⣬Ҫһµʱ䣡
β߳һ⣬ͻȻһ£˪˪Ҽǵ˵үүһˣַɱһλаʿд£
үүĽôأʱүүһǼһģүү£˪ص
үүû˵аʿ𣿡Ҷϼʵ
ô֪Ӧˣ˪ص
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⻰һڣڹԻˣĭһ仰УаʿΣʮʱһжһݶûˣ
ȻҶҲ˵¾ҶĺһλаʿܶθܿԽʮʱѵѾ˴˵еͨ׶ˣ
ᣬԲᣡҶһκаʿ֣Կвֲֻ̫оѪӤϹսıĪǺϹֹ˵У
뵽ˣҶɽѰҳ·ǰ취˪ȥ˾
ϸ磬Ҫȥ˾˪۾
ϣܴܲң˵˾ô棬Ҳʶһ£ĭЦǺǵ˵
У㲻ʿܻĸʾǧ֮һ͸ȥҶϰĭһۣ
ĭĬȴеʧ䣬̾һȥأǵ
俴Ƽ򵥵ĻȴΣˣһ˲䣬Ҷǰδеļᶨһܺܿǵң
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˵û˳·᲻͵ķɱаʿʲôأҶ˵ϣ
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֣ǣȴʷδйѿҶϣظ˵ǾͽҰɣֻҪҹǾͲ£
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뿪ĳ۽ǺᣬֻǣȴҲûпˣ
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Ҷϻ飬һһ̣ײһǽϣص˻
Ҷ̧ͷܶͭǽڣĭ࿴ˣ
ҶһǽڣͻȻˣȻеʿԽƷӡ˴˵أ
ҲͲѽˣƷӡ֮󣬾һηϢ֮ھһ̲ˮ˾ҲҲƣʶĹ˾ˣ
Ҷʮӵĳ·ܶͭǽڣҪȥûлˣ
ͬʱҶҲĿǰĵУҪƽƣǾ췽ҹ̷ˣߣǸڣҪǿƽ⣬ٵаڷŽһĵУԣΨһĻѰҽ֮ģֻҵ˽֮ģݻٽ֮ģͻƽƣ
ֻǣڵҶϣȻˣȻö෨ȴʩչʶʿ֤ǶôҪˣ£ٴĴۣҲҪõʿ֤
õʿ֤ʿŹǲҪģֱӿ룬Ҳ˵ʿ˾ʩչõʿ֤ʿ˾һ˾Աţ棡
Ҷ׿Щ͵شڲͨ޵ɢѰҽ֮ģֻǣڽƣҶһ˽ⶼûУʱ򣬻ڡéɽéɽͼ־ҹϸоҲƶǶʱҪѰˣȴԼڽƵʶһä
ʱһһĹȥˣĸСʱˣҶ۾ͭǽڵĽƣڲ֧ε۾ðŶǳ
ѵҪˣҶͻȻԼ̫嶯ˣǵɲȫ棬Լƣ


154 
ǰ޳··ʱҶϣͺСһʧȥɡҶϲ䣬˾񣬼Ѱҽ֮ģÿƣǽıʽֻҪǽܻƽ֮򵥵˵ʩ˶һ·ֻҪҵ·ܳȥ
ֻǣһεʧܸеƣڲܿ͸֮ģӼᶨеľģ
ʹʱҶϰеĵ绰ˣҶϲ켫ˣѵ䣬ܺͨ绰磡
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˵ɱ˺Ϲ֣â˸
ԣֻҪϹһԴƣЩͶ̥ȫƵ۹ֵϣ޶֤Ҳలˣʦүص
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˵ؾ˵ĵطȥ˵ҶϣҪЭ̣˵ţƮˣ
һҶϣԾ׷ʦˣ


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һ·ɱҶϱԼܷеģٶȲȴ껿죬껾ץһֻֽޣǰ屾ں壬ûж
һ֮ڴ껵İ칫ңɫҶϣòʵСӣϹǲǺг𣿡
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˶ѨһִѲк󸣵ĸпֻǣʱˡ֨֨֨֨
ʲôĭ˵ţץסҶϣ
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ʵҶһ˾ֻܻͭΪ˽̸һ㶫֣֮󣬲ʮӾͻͭʱĭ˪ִѰƿӤҺϣЩδ
һѻˣҶϻص
ǣڻʱҶȴͻȻдҪˣУϹֶûг֣ѵ˵֮󣬾ûнϹô
˻ӤҺԼռӤҺ߳˶ѨֻǣǸոճ֮󣬾ͽӵ˪ĵ绰˪˵绰үүүүôˣ
аˣϻ


156 Ƽɱ
ʿаˣҶϵĵһӦ̫ˣǣȻ˪ĵ绰ͲòˣҶϡǵõڹ֮У˪үүֲһ˱긽ƼҷˣҶҲļǵãƼòƺ˪лţ
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˪в㸻УȴҲسСֵļ壬˪үүʿԵʣɱŹϵĺԺſڣŶˡ
ո̤ؼҴԺؼҵƻͨԺУ˴С
үүүү˪ͱ˴ԺԺ֮ҶˣȻͷ֮ϣվһλС
ҶĿ侲Ȼվڴ֮ϵģǺϹеĹ벻ͺϹֵĽĻ
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ڴʱܶס˪үүУͬʱҲᶨסڵаֹа飡ܳãҶҲҿ϶
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ҶҪ׼Ķ̫࣬;ѪӤ֣㲻þ
ʱͻȻһȺ˳ؼҴԺԺʹƥӹ
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Ҹ磬Ұ֡˪⻰ͻȻԴ磬ְ֣硭
һѾס˪ʦ˪ϲˣｻˣҴȥϢᣡ
ǵ˵ɣ⳥Ԫ͵ʲô¶ûз𣿡˪ĸһκ
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ؼҵĸ˵ˣҪʮǰ˵𡭡


157 ƽ֮
˪ĸ׵Ľ£ؼҳһλʿţʱͻͯڣ˪׸磬ֻǺƼҹլֹˣԵŰݷãүӳչ
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үӽһᣬҵУ游֮һ͵ӵУӰװ׼˸ϱ
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ʵŮһӼܶͬƮƮ֮ˣʵֻһˣѧ˵ԣǾνͬͬĳˣ֮һ£ͻһеľ裬ȫĵĽˣ
Щѧ˵ǷʵҶϲԼҲûôľ飬Ȼòϣͬȴʵʵڴڵģ˪һָоϣͬҶ׵ˣʵǣȴʲô¶
ȻЩǼ֮ˣ´ΣգݲҶȥô֮࣬ǰ뵽˺˵ͨƳѪӤڿֻҶϺӶˡ
Ҷ룬һ󵨵ķðͷԣ
ӾֵҶϣȻҲˣֻǣǸͺͶĲһʤ룡
ַʽһΪԴϵԴȥа֮һΪԴϵаһֽ֮ҪʵһҪʤԷȻɣͻᷴԴɣΪߵ˻̻ɢ
ӣؼжжҶʵ
࣬СӲ߰ˣղҲˣܳˣˣӻص
һⰡؼ޹ؽҪˣȻðվˣЧơҶüͷ
ʦȵȣȥЩ˵ţӾҪ뿪
ȵȣһֻԱʱ֮裡ҶϷԸ
ӦŵʹҴұˡ
ҶϽɲ˪˴ϣļʹôܿˣֽĭĭ˪ͽչˣȥ飡
չˣ⻰Ӧ˵İɣĭһҶϡ
ҶϿЦʱû˼죬뿪˷䣡
ţҶһλүӵţҶȥؼˣÿ׽壬ңǱȻ飬Ϊ׽ĵߣһ㶼ٱ¶ңʱ˹ʲôģһ㶼УЩԼļ˶ܽӴ
ؼҵڵңںͱ˴ĵؽһںСȴЩռ䣡
Ҷ˵ңѰܹóķСسǲ׽ķ̫֮ϡˣֻүӵĴңܲҵʵĵߣ
һңҶϾ͸ˣؼҲ׽ңϡŹֵĶڵأҶһϣҵʵĲϲǣ


158 Ź
ؼҵң׽Ŀˣָ챦ôҶǴ˵вŻֵĶǰһԣҶϵĳ϶Ӧǧֻ֪ǣϧǣҶϲʹã˽˵רƷѪҲʹãѪˣ£Ҷϻǲģ
׿ϣҶҵҪĻ׮׮Ȼǰˣδͬ⣬ҶϲȡĶȻѾĿ֮̵뿪ˣ
õ׮ҶվؼҵĴԺУĿ֮Ժһԣ˰ԴСպðԺӣҵۣ׮һһС
ҪģǾŹ󡣾ŹΣȫţνַɣڲṹΪк֣õһһڶھŶŸԾʽŰʮһšػŵ
Źʱһ󷨣ഫʱʯѳʯ󣬰ݼ׷ֳݡˡšţ仯ˣɵʮ򾫱
Ҷûɵʮ򾫱赲ֺ͹ϾѪӤĹͨҲܴﵽԤڵЧҶϾĺ;ѪӤƴɱһ
Ҷܶʮ׮¶һЩĿľԻͺϹ֣ԺϹֵĵУܲһۿҶûжٰգ
ŹԻ׮ҶȡѪ׮Ѫ׮ͻ׮ǰȫͬģѪ׮մʿѪһЧ׮ͲһˣĻ׮ҲôһֻУҶʹõүӵĻ׮ÿһеĻǲʮֻ
ţѪ׮ҵӦλһһУڶ󷨣ھŹ֮Уһ򵥵ľַܿ㽫䲼úã
Ҷϲķ˲һСʱʱ䣬ղӾʹһȺˣҶɨһۣ䴩Ŵ磬Щ񹤣Ҷ֣ӽеߣģ
ʱǮǵȻԸˣӻص
ûк˵ʲôҶʵ
˵ˣЩ˶ţҸÿԪĳͣ˭Ըӻص
ҶЩã˵ũ񹤳ȥ򹤱ƭˣƾĳƭİɣǣ̧ͷʱ䣬ѾҪˣаʢ֮ʱֻºոѪӤ
ֻܰ̾һЩ˵ͱԪˣȫУ
Ҷһߵũ񹤵ǰҲòǰһ£һºΣգʱпΣǻǿˣ
ٷϻʲô£ǻҪȥ׬Ǯأܲϰʱɣһλ󺺲ͷĻص
ǾͲǰǳЦũвҽȴڼиţҲǳҲòȥһλ󺺶ӣ
ӣô˵أ˼ҵǮҪ£ũ˵һλʮҵͷӣһ̵˻𣺡СӣǿʼɣʱһνǶʮ˵ʲôܽ
Ҷգ̫ѾģٲΣոˡͻȻȺҪǮҪ񹤣вζѹҲˣũģũһͬУ
ʦʩɣӼҶϻڳɣʹߴˣ
Ҷתʵ͵ûУ
ˣմ绰Ӿܵӻص
˵ţſͣһһλŶ룺ǲǶģ
Ӽæȥкǣǣת˴ӵܣҶȥץˣ
һ֮󣬼򹫼͵ԺУͼϰɷкʵд˰
Ӧһ£Ǯ֮ϰˣͼϰ壬ҶкӽųһÿվλãþǾŹÿһڲѪ׮ڵأÿһϣվˣλΪҪһ³Ųס
ЩҶ룬кӸÿֻֻǵϣ׼˰Сʱһо֮һԺһСİԳͣ
ҶһۻʣµˣͷԸ˳ֱһˣʲôǳеΣ
⻰һڣЩ˽ˣΣհɣʱڰɣˣЩ˵ũûʣڳ໰ȻȴЩ˵ǴӦ£ǩ˺ͬĶá
һλСЩӣ˵ҰԪ㣬ߺ𣿡
ӣǸũˣӦ˵£ڷƨһλ곤߾ͺ
ӵСɫ΢죺үҡֻǺǿЦ
ЩũˬʵЦˣ
Ҷһ󼤶۽ỨܶˣҲûм˴ӵũˡΪũˣҲӵЦˣû뵽Ԫũ񹤣£
ؼҵ˽ү̧˳ڰԵλһϯүƽϯ֮ϣʦǿʼɣ
Ҷϵ˵ͷ߽˾Źģڷ̳ǰӣ˵ϣӣң
ӦŵıҶϵԣԱߵһϣ˫ּĸҶһɫĽ
ӣȻҵ֧ͨţͽͨڣҶ϶ӣſʼʩˣ
ӦŵһӦԵĵ˲ǳһˣҶϺȥ˾ˡ
ҶϽڷ̳ϣÿʩһ˼񣬰عŲſʼԽŮ·Ź
ŮƼ£ˮ˹Ӣԣ֦ޱߣȥããЬۿڣͷ죬ʦŮӣԴڣ̣ȿ䷲䣬һר룬Ů𼱼Ҷ˼־
ɺҶϱ۾ܵˣҲ˵ŮѾˣʵͨ˵񣬳ììǹŵʦ֮⣬ìľ񣬶ҲһѣȻôȫµ˶룬ǻ
ǣѾʿڣڤǿˣ֪Եοֲ
ȻҶȴһֱڻɣûνɽ磬ڤĴڣȴδһֻУܶ˶Ϊֻһʽɵ󷨶ѡ
ҶϷԼ˼êˣջ˼ľһ̣ڽϣֽвߣѺᶼǡ
ϣȻ𣬺֮УΪҽ


159 
ڽȼմһ̣ŹͻȻˣУ֪ʲôطðỤ̃󷨰С
Ҷϻͷһۣ֮ǰùĵӹ˵ϣĿ͵ͷæҶվˣһ˳⣬Ҷ
ԣŵȽŶ£ȴҲǿվһʬһﲻƶˡҲʶˣҶһȷһ˵ķ£һһվֱ
ҶͨĿ۲ˣÿͷ˰ɫ״٣Щ֮һһƵһҶϷƮˣ
Ҷһ˸âƮİɫ״Ҫ֮ȡĲЩô
æ֮ϣӽүӷǰǰ
Ҷϱ۾ԽԽԼ޵Ĵ򿪣˾һ˵ũĥĸĥһţʳڣ
֮Ҷϵ壬Ϊһ壬ĵߣȥȴĲôЩȥˣȻǱҶ뵽үӵˣ
ЩүӵڣЩܣǺҶ͵˵֮УͲڿܣǲϵˣ
үӣѵӣȻĳ£ѪӤүĸ硣ѪӤ֮󣬶˵ͺԿˣ
ҶϳǣѪӤȻǿ󣬾ȻˣһЩһЩͺͨҩһЧࡣ
ҶЩֺˣֻɸǣ
ҶˣѪӤڣкͣٶȷǳĿ죬Ҳ˵ѪӤл½һ㣬ᱻ
Ȼᱻֻ³ŲסˣҶϽԼڵͨһڣڹǶҩĻͨըҩӴߣǣ
ǣھѪӤЩˣͨǿɣͱѪӤֱˣҶϣͨɣʹݿˣ
ӼҶϱ鲻ԣ֪ͨԳסˣǾ͵شԼͨҶϵڣӶֵʱ򣬾ѪӤˣ˭Ҳ벻ѪӤȻյ˳
ͺԶһֻоԵʵǹԷȡʤµܼ򵥣ʱһʮ׳ϣѾûжˡ
ʱ򷴹ܱѾǲɸıʵˣ
ҶҧأˣаţȻЩ˺תͨÿ˽ϵֻϣһ˲䣬еļըˣװһը
ıըѪĽһЩС֮ˣŵεˣʧܣ󷨶ˣ
ʹʱүͻȻˣԾѪӤɣѪӤɱ˸䲻۵Ľţүӵڣ
ѪӤֵһ̣֮Уһǣһ˿⣬̴ֻСͷ­֮󣬾˾Ź
Ҷɨһۣľ֣һԾ˾ŹһǧѷĻᣬѪӤ귴ɣٵĸˣһЩ޷ʩչˣʱǲǣҲûлˣ
ŹˣҶ֮ˣ࿴ȫò󷨣һ磬ҷԲ㹻֮ÿ׮ĵطһǽУһǽǣֱ治
ҶԾеʱÿһֻͷСǰȥ׷Сɱȥˡ
С˼һǽǣӰӶҲˣҶֻһ磬һңһʱϢУȻţɫˣҶǻоŹ֮У׷һֻͯܡ
ҹĻĽ٣þѪӤ˷Ļˣ
ҶϸոմһðͼѪӤӶˣ۶
ҹĻУ̴ֻֻܿСӤͷ­ɷ׵ףˣ
ҶһľͻȻ˸һֻһ̳ȥ
һٶȼ죬ɱ˸ѪӤֲһһֻѪӤѪӤҺһȻʧӰ٣ͬʱ׷ɱļֻͬټ
ҶϾܣһ񣬱ѪӤɱԼ֮УȻֱ˺ܾãҲûѪӤǹˣоŹ󣬾һֻӬҲɲȥοǾֻأôɵ󷨣ֻҲסҶϵȻˣ
ʱͻȻ֮ڴ𣺡ʦʦˡ
Ҷ⻰˳Դ˹ȥѵ˵ҲŽˣҹˣ˾Źˣ
û߼ͿŨУһˣѾˣ
Ҷ϶һôĭĭʲôʱˣ
˵ۼΪʵΪ飬ǣҶʿôãѾ֤һ£ۼδʵǲţǺܽǰȥͬʱͨӦĭͨͨĿ֤ŵģĭʱˣæȥĭĭ
Ȼȥһ˲䣬ĭͻȻתʱһҩˣ
ҩЧҶӵһ˲䣬ʲôҲ֪ˡ
ǣʵȴǣҶһٿĭһ㣬һ˿ҵڵϣ֣ϣ֪һֱңͱҡҡ
ҶϾһֻľżһſĭϣţһӲ࣬ʮ֮ҶһմվԶȥ
ʱĭѾˣԼŪõһ̲Ѫ֮䣬۵Ҫǿʹ·ϣϣҷ㣬ûꡭܣվס
˵ţĭǿĳ֮ʹ׷ȥȻгҶϣȴ֪Ϊʲôһ˼ûУңʱе㼤е㽣
ֻǣ׷һ·֮󣬾ˣУһһŮղ飬ôǸӰôϤϡ
ĭһشһƽʱһһŮѾˣȴȻŮ£һ
ʹʱŮ˵ˣϣҸоϲĭϲң
˼ôô˵أҳСʱϲСʱΨһˣ㡭ҺĭϷĲϲӻػˣ
ĭһ˲סˣ˾ȻҶϺ˼˼ҶԺоߴߴ˵˺һĻѵԼ˽ˣ׽ֻһô
ҲţҪ췢ģ˼ص
УҶ췢ģֻ˼һˣ˼ȢȻ׺䣡Ҷظ췢ˡ
֪ʱĭˮֱϣҧŵ촽ʺѪָԼƣޣ̹ĵĺޣһ˲ռĭ飬зģҶϣҪ


160 ĭʧ
ĭҧ촽һǽǵĵطվķӣֱĶ˴·һʧߣת뿪ˡ
뿪֮ͷУһ˫ɫ񣬶ĭԶȥıӰͻȻЦˣЦɲЩΣҶϣӶ㻹أǡɣ
Աϣ۾Ϲһ˾ŹٻѪӤһ֮ҹɫУǰһֻС󷽸һӰԱ߻оֻͷСԶȥˣ
ͷһ죬Ҷϣ۾ԼվԺУԺеľŹѾƽ⣬һλŮӣͷһ˼
˼ôҶϴæ˼
ʱһվڴſڣҶϣųӵĿ⣬ת뿪ˣ
ӴҴܳӣҶվԺУͽ˵ĭأʧˣ
ʧˣҶһסˣԴЩѣΣмĭȴôҲǲˣϸһ룬ðɣȴ˼Ĳ࣬ĵĹ̼ˣ
˼ҡôھŹ󣿡Ҷƿ˻⣬ԴЩӡȴΣ
㽫Ҵ󷨵İ˼Իˡ
ңҡҶϸӵľ棬˼άһԾҲδظϰ
˼ߴĵͷͨӣ㲻ὫķҲ˰ɣ
ģҶ΢΢һѵΣ⾿ô£
ⶼˣ㲻ƭҵİɣء˼ίĿ
ˣһ㲻ʲôأʲôҶϺһ䡣
˼ŵòˣҶϵѯ£˼˵ˣ뿪ֻСʱɣˡ
㣬Ҷһ˲ˣǱ˵һˣˣ
ѹûȥ˼һ˲䣬ΣͻȻڵĸܡͻȻӸղ˵Ļæתӣ˵ĭʧˣ
ǰʦö˶˵ģôʧأӻص
㻹ңҶϵһӡ
Ӽæˣԭӱǳ󷨺ҶϲսģǣҶԾ󷨵ʱдһУһ˪䷢ģͱ˽ȥȥ֮󣬼˪ɰڴϣȻĭȴˣΪ˱˪ûн󷨣
ȷҸս󷨣֮Ҷ׷ʵ
ȷӻشĺܿ϶
Ҷһ̧ͷϡҹ̫ˣӺϹϷˣҶϣһƻҶɷѿĵľŹ֣ҶϱɣȻʲôԭúϹַɱȴһٵİĭ
Ҷϻȷĭǰˣн֣ȻϹûпʲôطȥѰأ
Ӳĭĵ绰绰ͨŵģȴһֱ˽ҶԼʱȴػˣ
ʦô죿ӽʵ
ȣֻܵˣҶѾˣȴһǸǽģԷĭһĿģֻҪĿĵİܣܻϵҶϣ
ⳡԣҶϰˣȻүˣĿǰڱչ֮Уأ˫ʵͲǺܴˣ
Ҷȥ˪ɰ˯ţѾ˯߰˸Сʱˣʱ򣬻᲻ᾫʧҶ˵ϣֻ⣬аˣҶ޲ߣ
ڶ죬˪ˣȻãȴֲָļ䣬ֲֻᣬʣϸ磬ӣүүأ
İɣѾʦˣүүڱչأܿܳˣӼæص
ϸ磬лл˪Ӵ
ţ˪˹ĭ飬ҶֻܿɬĻصʧˣҲڵϢ
ϸ磬ҲҪ̫ģĭĿĵģźܿϢ˪ֻܰοҶϡ
˵ʱ˼һֱվſڣ죬ԼƼҺؼҵĶԹǵͷ
˪ɨһ˼˼㣬վſʲô
˼æӦŵЦǺǵĽˡ
˼㣬ҲҪ̫ھΣƼҺؼҵĶԹһ֮ˣҲˣ˪ͻȻ˵
⻰һڣҶϺӼͬʱʶ˪˳ޣ뿪ˡ
˼塭ҡ˼˵ţͻˣ
˼㣬Ĳӱˣ磬סүүƼʩүүأһȰ˪ص
ҶϿ˪ǣһŮѾˣ
үӱչأҪʮʱ䣬ֱ죬ûĭϢҶϽ绰򵽾֣ĭûлȥҲѰңٴ绰Ѿͣˣ
ҶΪϾѰĭϻǰ⽻Ӻ˪Ƿǳʱ̣Ҫʱ̾裬ؼңĭϢһʱ֪ͨң
仰ҶϾͻص˹ĿͶŵĴ£Ӫҵһ糣ҶϾȥһ˾֣ľ˵ˣ
һüͷô˵⼸һֱһ𣿡
ţҶʵص
˵ĵӤʲôӤҺǲģ׷ʵ
Ҹͷ¾Բ٣Ҷظص
ðɣСʱ֮ë»ӾЭ飬콫ĭһĭʲô£˸κĸأپӴ˺ܶ참ӣԣҶ˵ãȴҲеˣ
ڶʱͻȻ˽Ҷϣͷˣݣ㻹֣㽫ĭȥˣ
˵ţһֻǣҶϣҶһĶˣɳϡ
ǣҪʲôٴ
һգĵĵҶϣĭʲộҺû꣡
Ҷֻܵͷ֮ǰǣܵõٵЭѾܸмˣοأ
ٽѵһԼĶǣ֡ʱȥˣһ֮ëˡ
ëһλĬԵʿ뷿䣬Ҳû˵ûкٺҶϴкưһվٵİ칫֮ǰ
ٺѾϰëµԸ񣬷еĻëʣĭʧˣ¾ͽλҶˣҪúϣҵĭźã
ëû˵ֻǵ˵ͷųĬˡ
λҶѾֵӤһЩˣȥǸӰɣٽ
ëһεͷһ䵭ӣʼգû˵һ仰
ˣ¾ôˣӣǺúýһ£һ£һˣ˵꣬ʹ·ˡ
Ŀǰٵİ칫ңֻʣҶϺλ˵ë¹ˣҶϼһͺľͷһԹԵĵһˮҶϵߣҲʰ飡
Ҷ̲סˣţһӵľë¹˵ˣëֻ꣬ػشһ仰ȥ˵Ǹӿ
ڣҶϲΪëưˣǣĭԣëµȷһܹˡһλʺ鰸ӣùˣ
ȻҶϽ˻ᣬҲֹĭһӣһҪֻ֤ǲܺŹʻ棬ˣ


161 Ѫʬ
ҹһյ̵Ƽһ̵УˣһҶϣһɾëˣëʦųĬԵһ磬һ·һСʱʱ䣬һ˵仰
Ϲεʱ˵һ䣺߰ɡڼصڣ˵һ䣺ɭе׼
ҶͨɢŬĸӦܵգȴôҲֲ⣬ëԲ飬ѾԶԶĪˣ
Ҷӵ˹Σһ̵̤ƣ͸оȷɭɱȻɱȴɭ֮УǶѨҶһҲֻǹͣ߰ɣ
ëһ仰Ҳû˵һοһɭдһⷨһ֣Բһ֮ڣһŨܵڸǣ
ҶɨһܣΣͻȻˣо֮˺ĵУжϣӦǸϵĵУղһн˼֪аĶʾʺĳаĴܶͷĽС㡱
ëҶϾУ˶ѨҶϻͷһ󣬸߽˶ѨСλʿǱȽţʿԣûʹֵ磬߻ѣ
һ·ëͣ½ŲóһʾҶϴ·ҶҲٺ˵ˣһȣӤҺĶѨȥ
붴ѨҶȻƵ¯ͣ˽Ų
ëƳһ۵¯ڿ˿ܵãüû˵ת뿪˶ѨҶϼæϣǣû߳Ҷ϶˵ǰͻȻ͵Ĺ⣡
Ҷֻɨһۣ֪йˣľ֣ܣ

ͻȻһܴ֮ǰһҵľ봫ǧ֮һԼԼ
ȥëһͻȻðһ֧ͨһ֣ʧӰˣһ̣ڷһҺ
ë̤ųȵĽŲǰֻû߳ҶϾʹһСģ
⻰û˵꣬ë¾ͱʲôײˣ˷ڵأסؿڣһѪǺ˵֣Ѫʬ
ѪʬҶ𾪣ӱСģͨɢʱսٻغϵ׼ë˵ǱѪʬˣֻ׶༪ٰ
ѪʬһʬĿǰΪֹڽʬϸ΢Ļ֣еĸߵͣҲÿһ׶иµķΧȻѪʬȴûУΪڽʬһ죬бͬײĽʬҪĶ࣬ж
뵽ˣҶϾķ֣ëµ·ͻȻ˺ˣǰ˿ڣһѪѪһ֣ѹˮһƮԶ
ҶͻȻһͻȻˣΪʲôѪʬѡ񹥻ë£ҶϣΪѪʬѪѪͻΪѪѪʬ
ѪôһЩֻ֮ͬǣҶϵĿⲻʱ򣬿ëµļϣȻؽӡ
ҶͻȻһʶֱһĹʽ˵Ƥ⣬˵ֹǣƣ֢ɾǲзϵ
ѵëºֱˣʸðͷԣͻȻɫһĻ
һ˲䣬Ҷˣϴ绰Լȥ棬󶯸ɸ֮ˣȻë£
ë¶ڵϣɫ˼£ȴûҶȣǽԼѨסѪ
Ҷϱ붯ֵģһë²ҪԹԵĻһȦӣԻ佫ԼȦȦĿܣ
ҶЩ棬ëº򶷵ʱ򣬱ȵɼԴܺʹȻȴԻˣѪȻǻסѪһַʽǣԼԼѪѪ֮ҲͽԼˣһʱ䣬Ѳ
򵥵˵ʽɱ
ȻëµĵѨѪѪʬ⣬ڷ򣬲֪ʱһֻӰӰȫһƬͷţûһɫ
Ҷ϶һѽĹ죬ͺͻƤ֮һϵƤõӹȥˣѪԵģֻۿݽȥԶԶȥһ˫ڶ
Ѫʬ֮ȴֵĶӣֵֻǰţСһӵģţץڵϣץĵ棬ѪѪɫ
Ѫʬͺһֻһǣǲʳķӥһ˲ë£
ҶҪ֣ȴëϣصӰڻζѪʬ˵üĵʱӰͻȻˣѪʬͷһŷ
Щأɫҹɫи˵ĸоǾһֲ̫
ѪʬͷʱѪʬҺһͷð̣Ѿ˲ˣܣ
Ѩë¶ҶϺһ
Ҷ΢΢һʵھһȭͷëµԴǣϸһ룬ëµӣȻĬԣȴл۵ˣлʲô顣
뵽ˣҶëµߣëµѨ
ëһ㿪ѨлĻҲ˵תܣ
ҶЩˣ֪һһòûУͲùŶԣ룬Ųȴ˳ȥ
˶Ѩë̵̤ƣͷҶϣҶƺһһ˼͸̵̤ƣ
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ֻǣʵ벻ͨʲôʱôһλʿңϣëһھԼȴʵ벻ͨʲôʱ飡
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ë磬ȥģʹʱҶͻȻ÷򲻶ԣʵ
Ҷ˵ˣһ˫ֻزˣë۾׷
׷ҶЩ㵣Ѿë´Ϊһʿѵĵ
˴ˣҶϻһ䡣
ëֲ˵ˣһֱǰɭ֡ǶԾһɽ̵ͣˣ
ëµһ̵ƣߵһôԱߣĿǿô
Ҷˣֻǣڿǿôʱ򣬾סˣһ۾Ϳ˴꣬ҲνĳˣֻʢӦǸո겻ã
Ҷϵ𺳣Īë¸ģѵë´ԽһɽΪľѰôһֻС
ë߽˴ã
⻰˵꣬Ϳһδ͵İɫӰӳˣӰӸһ֣ҶϺë£æأʿүүǷŹҰɡҴû񡭡
ҪҲɱҲ򵥣ʵ˵Ѫʬë
ԭë׷Ѫʬģ⸽͸ˣüֻСʹоʻˣ
Ѫʬ֣С־ҡҡͷҪңʲôҲ֪ġˣҽһֻаСûʲô¡
㲻˵ǰɣҾһ㣬һ˵ţëһֲֻСĶӣͽһССڳ
үү˵˵Сͷ°ëˣ


162 Ĺ
СܿˣҶҲǼë²̵ֶΣڳҪ֪һ֮飬Ҫʱ䣡
˵ëŭһеѾɱˣȥҲˡ
үˡ˵ҪҵѪʬҷɽ֮УǴ˵صߡˡҴȥСæص
Ĵ·£ëºҶҵһĹĹһлص֣ûʯ
Сȥë
Ҷ룬ëʣǲǸûȥˣȻѪʬѾˣͷŹһΰɣ
ҵѪԴˣëĻص
⻰һڣҶϾ;һѪԴȻߣˡѪԴṩѪѹĵطûѪԴѪҺͲתڿѧ˵౻ˡ
Сɵȥˣò˵Ȼ̫ܶҶ϶첻κεΣգȻĹȴһ֣ڵϻһһľͳˡ
ľҶ϶վ֮Ϊƽ棬ľӦ¶ġ
ëнӡŹľһӡҶ֪ӡԴӡܽľǴ˹ײģеĹ಻ӳ
ݣëһ
СЩӣΪ˻ͻȥˣֻ־ȻŤŤ֦Щ֦ţΧסײĵĸӣһʹľˣ
ڹײĴ򿪵˲䣬˷˼Ĺֶһ˲С
ۡСҺҽڵϴ
Ƥǡɾ֡˺󣡡Ҷ˵ţһվʮ֮⣬Ĺ֡
ëһҲҶϵߣһЦ֪Ĳ٣
ҶϿЦҲ֪ëڿ⣬ɾѾдˣɾһаĻֳ֣ơƤ֡˼壬Ƥ½Ļ֣Ǭ㡢롢ޡҰ˸һƤдߣĪıЩƤϣŵ
֪ƽɾֵķëתҶϡ
ҶֻҡͷҲֻڡéɽĹ֮мƤֵĹ֣ûмƽ֮Ĺ˽΢̸ƽ⣡
֪֪𣿡ҶϿЦʵ
޽⣡ë¼򵥵Ĵ˵仰ʱСӻѪˮˣ
˵һƤڵϣȴǲóȻǰĹһԣǳƳǰƳǰĹľȻֵãܿľЩּ
ëָһһһӳľײ֮ϵĳ¶Ѫּף
ɷ֣ëºХһĶҲŵɫˡ
ɷ֣ǽеаĹ֣ǽ̡ɷ֡еһ࣬ͬԭഫԪɷֺʮɷ֣Ұʷ˵Ԫʱõʮɷ֣ǵʱܴﵽ߾ˡعͬɵĹ֣ÿĹжײģһĹΪסһǽ˷ףԱߣΪɷԴԹػĹѨϿţףڽУơˮʩۻ൱éɽеġľˮ
ҶĿӣһֱԹ۵̬ȻɷֻھһײģӦûһ⸱ײĵԱߣĸײģڲԶĵط
ëסˣ̾һˣɷ־ҵܽ
˵ţë´Ҵҵ̵ƣҶϻͷɨһĹ֣͸̵̤ƣһ·ͣ㣬ٻ
ڻȥ·ϣë˵ˣϵܣҵѪԴһط˵أ԰𣿡
Ҷϱһھܾģ룬Ҫ̴ѰĭֻܲԸĵ˵ͷޣĹ֣Ϊģ
ֻҪػײģƽ⣬а취ë»ص
ȻعײģҲعöߣð죬ѲɻܷɳţĹֻҪֻ̫һ·
뵽ˣҶˬʵĴӦˣʵΪһʿЩϡŹֵĶкܴĺģңҲδһĻᣡ
Ҷϼɻģë»ȥϾٻ㱨ϼʱ˵ˣͲˣ
ڶ죬ë»ȥ֮󣬽ʵ˵ˣȻʡѪʬһ£ֻһ֤ҶԷ飬ѨУȷӤҺĵ¯Ͳϣ
һӣϧһдۣĻ־һĭ
Ҷ϶뿪˾֣Ҷϻعˣë¾ȥ׼ˡ
쵽ʱë³ڹһţͿҶϼϵĿզࣺȻ
Ҷϴ㵵ë£ٿϵĿ
ӱǼ֮ֻѾĵˣӦ˵Ļɣë»ص
Ŀ⵹һ£ҶһֱΪһֻڿ͹ˣΣԲˣͲˣ
ڷȥĺӴ·ɣë˵
ҶҲʹӦˣȻȻҲҪóˣ֮ǰǶһǣһ㶯ϣܷˣʵһϢ
ǰһ·ȴҲû˵ëȻǰˣǣһˣٵĿ
ʱҶ϶ڵ˹ײ֮أĿһأʹܵҶϵļϣĿ˸ĶŹײġ
Ҷ϶˰һֻ֮УȻŸƤĸʬͺҶ϶ϼһģһ϶ѪԴͱֻ׿ˡ
ҶϣʩסײģͨѪʬë·Ը
ҶӦŵ̫ʢаܳף˾Ͷˡ
ҶתͨһͨѪʬë̶֣Ѫʬͷһŷһѵӣһ磬һĻѪʬظҵࡣһӲ࣬һѪҺͻȻ
ë¶˵һ׼ڣལཱུѪˣ
ҶϿֱҡͷôѪȵĳ棬ʵ޷ĿӣתԶ
ǣҶתʱ򣬿һƪƣڱ̫
⣬ë¹ʣѪԴ̰ѪˣҶϼæȵ
ʵëѪʲôѪԴʧѪ
ëһ̧ͷһۣˣõһ磬һĻ࣬ѰѪԴѰҵʱ̫âȫȫڱˣѪʬͻȻغһ
Ҷ֪ѪʬҪˣͨȫѪʬͷǿѹѪʬ
ëҵѪԴһžӨɫѪӣһԼУҶϣܣѪʬҪˣ
⻰˵꣬ѪʬͻȻ۾ҶϵĽһԾ˹ײģ
ţܵطһģһĳˣ֮ǰһײһģһӡкɫ֡
׸ˣߣëºţѾܳȥˡ


163 ƽĹ
ҶϾҪӶݣײͻȻܣ·µأĿһ֨֨ţͷ˳ȥ
Ҷ׷棬ĿǰΨһĳ·ͷֻǣӸҪƮײİΧһ׶ߵʱͷƮһֻѪʬһǧʯͷ
Ҷȫһæأ֮ͷһ죬ǿʯͷסΨһڣһ˲ֹ֮ͣײ΢΢һøǿʯĿռ䣡ʯͷܵʲôײһһ죬˳ŹľҶϵͷ
Ҷ϶ԱߵĹײģǺݺݵһȭһȭȥ겻Ĺײģ׵ҳһȭͷĶӣȻһȭͷôСĶӣȻʹӶݡ
һţһȥײѷˣǣռɺСҶϵһȭһѾ˻ӰһٶˣȻͷһ׶ߵʯͷȴҲˣ
Ҷ¶ϵɫ̧ͷʯ飬ͨתҪԼ΢֮ǧʯϾ
ʹʱҶҺ֮ûзӦǸԺηʱһ˫ͻȻˣΧɵ˳ȥ
Ҷ뿪һգ۹򣬾ʯХˣʮ׵ӣ֪ҶϣһƬ⣡
ҶϳغһɨһͬЩֵë£ëʣлл㣡
Ӧл㣡ë»仰ֽĿͶֻѪʬ
żѪʬͬʱеĹײĸӣ־Ҷ϶
֨֨ĿҶϵͷԶƮˣ
Ҷ϶˵׷Ŀˡë¸ϽһͬҲѾˣѪԴѾõ֣͸ҶӶˣ
һʹ˳̵ľһֱӶݣǷ֮󣬾֮Уȸղţɫӵĺڰˣʮ⣬Ҳ
ʿӺҹȻȴûжԣԼҲз˶ãܸӦĿǰԶȴҲ֪ʲôʲôλˣ
Ҷһ߷Уһ߾ЩԻ󣬶ëˣʵڿ͸֮ǰڷУҪأ벻г־ѵɴˣëµ˿ڣһɺϣ
뷨ոðԼԼһѣ֤ɽĽӡд
ҶϾ͸Իˣë֮ǰΪʲô֣ѧѧҶϣԹһ£ҶϲˣһԸԳˣǣΪʲôҪ־ҶƳһë£͵ͷˣ
ֵ鷢ˣҶ϶˷˲֪ãȴɣճ˵һ㶼һƬһƬЩطϡܿɫɣ
ǣԽԽƣԽԽòԾˣ˼ͬʱ֣ǺһֱһȦӷУû뿪Ƭɭ֣
أҶϴһ
ţҶ϶ˣǰˣڶ֮󣬸ܲһĸоˣ쬵磬Ѿҹˣ
˾ȵ̧ͷ죬࿴ƣǿǳ
Ҷóֻ˿ʱ䣺һӶѣΪ߲ȥˣѾˣ
ԣ֮Ѿʢ˥Ǻҹë»ص
ҶҲӦˣǣ֮Уʢ˥ˣҲڽʱҲ˰ɣ
ʱˣ취뿪˵ëЩĻص
뿪ûô򵥣ѪʬӦƽ֮ɣҶϻص
ëûлػǶſнϵĴֻǣʮδȥ֮ûƽ
ϹˣûõģҶϸĿһʯͷЪϢеĹУܹģȻͨд棬ƣͣҲ򲻳٣
ë²ڣʹе񹦣еȴĶҶϵߣڴڵĺҿһҲѵʲôƽ֮
Ҳ﷢ܵи˰ѷɣһǱѪʬ͵Ϯզ죿ҶϷʵ
ͻȻ֮䣬λĬԵʿϾҶϵĶˣ룬ʵʲôϵ
ҶͻȻë»лĬص˵ǹţ˵һû˵ʲôϵ
취뿪㱻ˣȥٺϸ˵˵ë»ص
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ壬ѵë֣йϵ
ֻǣڲ̸ʱ򣬾ë˵뿪벻֪ٶ࣬ʲôã
ҵһķҶĻص
˵ɣʱҶˣֻ֣Ʋõë»ص
ǾҪԿˣҶϻص
Ťĺ͸һ˵ë½ʵ
ҶƳһë£ķˣŻʵӦûǴаɣ
㡭Ҷϣ⻰ʲô˼£ѵ̸Щϻ𣿡ëЩŭ
غܲ뿪Ҷ
ӣ˵ë
ֻҪǴУ¾ͲѣҶЦĻص
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ǾͼˣڵϣɻˣҶϻص
ëֱˣʲôϸһ룬ȴҲ޵ʿһǴУеľѪңѪҺӵһЩ
ǡȥκ˵£ë¶Ŀ졣
ᣬҸҷĲй¶ȥҶظ˵
Ҷϵı֤ë¶˾ģֻҪգʧȥ㾫кη
뵽ˣëڵϣˣ
һ֮һɰɫҺγȥţǰۿɼٶȽԶȥˣ
ʧ֮ܵĻˣ֮أȻһĶѨѨкܳʪͷˮδ𣬵δ
ǽĹѨУëӣĿܣ
ĹѨҶһĸӦ֪ǵȷĹѨУ
ĿЩԻ֨֨ĽţȴҲ뿪Ҷϵļ
Ҳòƽ֮ǿ󣬵ǣǾȻа֮ĹѨУβӶݳȥëʵ
Ҷϰһë£һôͺ˪һһûˣʲôⶼô֪ӳȥأ
ҳڰɣҶվŶѨһȥ
ë¶˵ĵظҶϵĿⲻܹۿ
Ѩֻһ·ߣһֱ˳·ǰ˴ԼʮӣɿڣǣȴһǶˣѨԽԽʪԽԽû
ߴ·ǽĹѨˣҶͻȻ˵
ëûлػĿɨĬ˺һӣŻصĹֲƣ벻ĹѨģ
ëµĻҶϵһˣƽĹ̸֣ףֻ֣׶ʰˣοĹأ
ǰҵĹ֣ûзƽ⣡Ҷϰ¾ģڲӱܵʱĹ֣ʼջҪƣ


164 ɷ
˼ǰ˼ˮҶĿ˳ˮķȥ
ë΢΢ͣһ½ŲҶˮȥˣҲȥһˮͻгڣʵҲЩ
ֻǣ˽ȥ֮󣬼ȴǳ·ײģײľ·һ龭ӹʯͷϣһײƽţһȻԱߵһײȴŵġҶϽǰŵĹײϣȻУף
ײĵĵײʯͷһˮУ·ͱˣˮȻģѭҲ֪ʲôṩˮѭԴ
ɷ֣Ҷ΢΢һҵɷڣǰһĹ֣Ӧɷ֮һˮ֡
ɷعͬɣÿĹжײģǰƽŵĹײģӦǸĹ֮һײҲνġסԱŵģӦþǽ˷еġɷԴԹػĹѨ
ˮˮ֮ˮ£ǹˣֻǣˮɷУһԵĹ֣ͳһΪġס
ɷֵĿģЭһˮףɣ߳ģԳˣ뿪ľǴȳ֣ˮ֮е׾ҸĶˣ
ֻǣڿ֮׵Ĺײ˺ۣӡǻǸոնѵģҶϻȻ򣬺һ˵أѾĹˣ˵ȷеʱ䣬Ӧǳһӣ
ԣ֮ӶݣһֱУʵĹתȦӣһʼ˵ѪʬʩչģӦǹǽƵķ
˶ʿһÿιƽ֮󣬹ɣʩչĹҪһСʱʱ䣬Ѫʬٴγˣ
аСʱˣҪڰСʱ֮Ĺ֣ȻѪʬһγֻ֣û֮ǰôˣҶһʵղë¡ɻƽǳʤٸѪʬһᣬȻ᱿ʹáǽƵķԸˣ
ëи۾飬ҶϷḻĶֻ࣬ǴɻУ⻹ǵһʹã
˷ķȥʵǵķˣһԣɷӦεʽᣬֻǾԶͺ˵ˣ
ڲԶǸոһ׵ӣֿһѨⶴѨлһ˱ǵҶ϶Ͷˣҵ˵ڶףУȫֳ濾ĸоǰʮ״ײģͬһһͬڣ·ʯͷһɫĻڲϵŻ𻨣
ҶϣҵףеĹ꣬ʲô̶ˣֻ¡ëҲĹסˡ
ܶʱɷֶΪ˷µһɷ֣ȻѾǵĹôˣŵĹײģõ֤éɽ˵һַʽ
ʲô̶ȣǶĶ֣Ҷüͷéɽ˵֮а꣬һֻڤĹޣǧ꣬ܳɴ˵еġɹˣ
ͷ۵ˣסȲˣҵף
һҶϵͷٿ𣬾ķ֣ײĶϣȻһӣЩİٷ֮ʮϵ˶ˣ
ҶϻȻһ㣬һ´ȣסǸӣ
ë²һҶһʯͷҲͿʼæˣĬԵԸ񣬾ȴҲҶϣֻǵȴҶϷסǸӵЧ
ҶĿţɵ˹ײĶϣǿʯͷ˶ѨУëСģڷЩкĳȼճˣǷëЩζ˴źӣҴҵ뿪˳֣
ˣë²
ƸȥˮûзӦҶ˵ţˮ֣ȥһķ֣һֱѭˮˣˮ
⡭ëЩ˼
²Щ˾ṩˮԴҶϽ͵
šƽ⣿ëµͷȴһݵʵ
ˮݣǾˮһ𣬿ûзӦҶ˵ţӣϸĲ鿴ˮף
ë»ⲻ⣬ֻǣô⣬һô໰ͲˣǶһԿš
Ҷ˺һüͷ˵԰֮ˣһƽ֮ûɡ
Ѱʲôë̲ס棬ˡ
ѰֵͨͨҶϻһ䡣
ë֪Ҷϵ˼֮󣬾ҶĲÿУȷкܶණģǲ֮ˣһ㶼Լһ·
ڶ˵ͷѰҵʱĿһԾײĵµʯͷϣŹײĵĵײ֨֨ˣ
ҶɨһۣЦˣȥŲײԣ
˺ᶯˡסװᶯʱܵˮһˣһβѭǳҶ϶˵Ľ
ˮжͶ¹ײıˣ˸ﴦҶ϶˻ͷٿײĵһӣˮǸӡֵǣˮ䣬Ǹͬʯͷһ𣬽ˣ
˷ܵı˴˶ҶԵطˣǲ֪ûЧ
䣡
ڶ˾ɵʱһ죬ӻζˡ˱ˮ֣ղȥǸըˣðˮĻ
ʵҶ²ˮֵȷͳͨƽ֮ʱֻҪˮբˮ֣־ͻᱬըĹ־ˣ
ڶ˷ܵʱͷһ죬һʯͷһһҵʯͷ䵽˶֮ǰվĵط
˺ŴҪûбʯͷʱ򣬷Ѩˣԭ·ʯͷµأţվĵطֿʼʯͷˣ
·ֻһҲûѡˣ뱻ʯͷֻѨӶݣ
˼أһ·ɱĿ˵ǰһңǰû·ˡ
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Ҷ֪ˣëһַḶ́кܶˣ˼ά˲һֻҪϵΪʲôŻȥë¾͵˰ɡ˵͵ˣɵĿܣһһ־Ǻ컷Զˣڿѧ̳ɣҶϴæջ˼ë˵صˡ
ûĲˣ˱ȸʬ߼ĻʬԼںʬë˵ĿѾâ˸ʱɱ˵ı
ҶҲëµĻסˣʬ֪ģǽոȥ˶꣬һڻɷʱץסʬĹ꣬ŽԼʬʬڣɵĸʬ壬ͽʬȸʬֹ߳һΣ͸ʬȣԼĹԼڣںϵľҪõö࣬һжݳ̶ȣǸʬܱȵģ
ֻǣںʬ壬ʺʣҶϿؼУδֵĹںʬʲô⣿
ںʬǽڶʬںһ𣬶ǽںһʬϣһֻںϾžŰʮһֻ꣬ǵһںҲͰˣںʬ壬ȥĻǣ᲻ϵʤ̭ǿ߳ߣ˲裬˻ǵʤߣͽ֮ʮ֮˾ŵںϵһˣë½͵
⻰һڣҶȫ亹ֱðһ£һֻԩжǿǽʮֻֻںһ밡
˵ⲻǻ޹𣿡ëֱҶϣ
˭ˣҶҧأ˾˭ҪҶȥˣ
ǺϹ֣ë»˵
Ϲ֣Ҷϲг˲죬ǲˡ
һ룬ˣϹȫɱǣԴӸ֮󣬺ϹҲҶ϶ˣ˪еһζԾԷˣһȷûֵ˼
ҶϸĻ룬һжҪ⿪ˣ
ҵɱ㣬յ׷ɱҪҾĲ⻪ĴأֳȺħľ󣡡ë¼͵
ˣҶԽԽýˣͻȻǾϵĻڽɼ
ҶϸëµĻ˼·ڽϵһˡ
Բ²⣬ҶϺͰ˵һ֮󣬺Ϲ־֪Ҷϸˣֻǣ˲ȫҩ裬Ϲ־ͷɱҶϵĴ㣬෴ڰаҶϲٴΣ
ҶϱëݺǴëɱ˹ʦҶɱһ֮ˣǺϹںģͲòһ£ӦǺϹֵˣ
ʱҶ˰ë¹ʣ֪ô
ɱ˾Ǹͽ
ǣҶʵػ
˵Ǹ˺ͷˮרŵʦֵܣ˵ͺϹ֡ëµȷԩˣҶһίӦúͺϹһĹͰĹϵ
ǣҵĵҩǾ֣֮˵ʵӦþͺͰѲ˹ϵҶϻص
ԣҵĵ飬ϼţԼ֪ҩȥ˭ˣë»ص
ҶŬĽеһȴҲǾÿ̫࣬һʱϵһ𣬵ǣΨһܿ϶ľǺϹʱɱ
һˣϹץĭʲôɣҶʵ벻ͨˣ
ûĭʧ٣ҲǺˣëƳһüͷҶϣ
ǺˣҶظһ飬ͷ
żȻǺϹܻĭͲ£ս֮ǰ£෴ϹΪΪṩҩһٵİë¼
ɱϹȳĭҶصĻص
򵥰а֮䣬꣬ǧ궷˭ҲûкùӳԣаʵɴڣҲֻţ򲻵ѣҲа󶯸ɸ꣡ë̾һŴӴϷ⣡


169 û
漰а֮Ľˣ͸ӵĶˣΪһаҲϹҶϣȻаһ
뷨˽⣬ǣһҵú˵һ֮ƺаʵ޷ģ˵ģϹרңЩ᲻һͿ˼ˣë
ҶԥˣȻаǱʲôҹǣë˵Ҳ޵ѪӤδ¶ĻʬںʬЩһҶ϶Ƕ֡
ҶֻܴӦë£ʲôϢë»֪ͨҶϣҲ˵ӽҶϳ˴˵еʿˣҶ϶Ǻܸð
Ľɣֻ֮У˲Ϊ𡱣ЩʿҲǸĿģЩ˼һνԭҲǽħ򵥵˵Ҷ϶ԣ֯ҲΪ˾ȳĭ˵Ҳһ֮˽
ҶëΪʲô֯ʱëЦʵҪشҶ϶ܲµһЩջһˣë¾ΪŮȥЩµˣԣֻǮƺ
ô˵ϵܣǵõЩʱͬħˣҲİ˱ˣѵ𣿡ë·ʵ
ҲǣаʿǹûʵĹҶЦŻص
˵ʱҶϵĵ绰ˣҶһֱڵȵ绰һİ룬غһæͨˣιҶϡ
ϣȥˣҵĵˣôӰûУ绰Ǳ˼
Ҷ˵Լϻϻȥ֮󣬾͹˵绰
ǰҶϲë£кϹֵϢһ֪ͨң
֪ˣëʵЩͷˣҶ仰˵˲༸ʮˣ

˹˼ŸƤ䣬ϿһζĿ˸Ҷϣ
ڳһ֮˼˽ҶϵĻУҶϵϣϣּˣ
Ҷϲ֪˵ʲôã˼ĵҶϺûһϲõĸоΨһֵø˵أҲԺһˣи˵Ļ飬һģ

ôӭ𣿡˼ҶϴЩˡ
Ȼˣ⣬еˣҶ˵ţȥˣ
үѾˣ˪ӵȰ£үӳ˶Ƽҵ䣬ֻǣ˵ǺܷģүֱչˣӺ˪ҪԺܵ˼ƤҶϣԼ̤
ǡҶЩˣȻӺ˪ûиϻһŮӼңܵë
㡭Ҷϣǲˣ˼С죬ͣ˽Ų
ҲǸ˼ҡҵȻӭˣҶϻŹ֮еĲ࣬ڼҶϵԣһ˲զˣף쾿ʲôˣϹֶǲһΪ˶ԸͬһΪƽ⴦֮Ҳ⡣
һ˼࣬ǺĿģ
ĭ᲻ĭйءҶͻȻ£ЩĪĿ־С
ϣ֧֧һ˵ɶأǲ⼸ǻȥˣһĲš˼ѾԼĶŽ˪ķ䣡
ûҶϾȵЦЦ
ȻҲʱһλŮվڹ¥ϣĿĶŹŮһԲоɱ
ͽܣ㿴ûУΪʦûƭɣʱһӰ֪࣬ʱŮӵ
Ůӱٿһ۹ת˵ʦҷҪ𡭡

߳һӣ۾˼ʲôã۾˫۾ѪɫȾһͨɫĿ⣬ɨŮӵӣһȥ
ԱϣһСӳˣڵϿͷ֮һָԶСӾֱӷˣץŮӣӼʧʣ
һ̣Ŀգ֨֨Ľţ񿴵ʲôһˣ
Ҷϻ̨Զɫ⣬º͵ڵϣ︴գԺв
õģǣҶϴʱ飬ԶһƬڱεأ
ϣԷд˼
Ҷ̾һ߽˳Դ˪зײ֮£ʱգҶûкúóԹһٷ඼ȥгԵСԣ
ԷʱҶϽϣ˴ŴӱȡһɡŽ㣬Էˣ
Ҷϸո˵꣬һȹװʱеĶžʹɡ˳Ѿϰִ˵ԣʱУ̬ܶׯ塣
һ֣ɨһ˼λӦþ˼Ӱɣ
˼֪ɡ߳ĲʲôɾĶ͹ɵһԣʱ˵ˣЩȵҶϣ
Ҷվ˵һ£λ峯ĶŽ㣬λƼǧ˼
ӹȻˮˣֲýϾأ˵ţ˼ߣ
˼ʼĴɣֿҶһЩǣ˼ƺԺ󾭳Ҫණ򽻵Ǿ˾񣺡ŽҲƯأǵǽıҶɣ
ҶŮ˵̸ʵûжȤڿ͹ȥͷҲʲôû˵ͷԷһͳ
ţҶˣȥˣͺϹֵһսԽԽˣԼҲֻҪòһ£Ϲһ֣
Ҷʱ򣬶˽һžҶϣϣҿ˼ĲȢԺǵˣٰ㶨
㣬ܵϷοⲻ峯ˣһһƣΪ峯أȢҲû˹ʣҶϰһ۶ţ
ʲôһһƣɶһʰһλԱͷСأҸɶǺԭ䣬ԭȥʰġűǰйԱŮԱˣһСչôأŻص
ҶϿЦѣڶŵĻҶ޷شҲ֪ôشˣʵϵᣬ£Щ£һϰ˵ʲôԼǣ
¾ͱҶԳĬ˴𰸣ϣҶһֱպ챦ʯһȥտˣڷ̳ϣĿЭţ
ɱСֻӣڱҶĶˣ˾ֻҪ̸𡰹һھǡĿ
Ҳѹ֣Ҷʵٴ⣬󲿷ʱ򣬶ǶŴ㣬Ŀ֮ǰĿҲĹûٶ֣ĿľץѨܿ촫˾ֻҪģɻĲǶֻ꣬ҲҶλǿʿֻ˵ȴһһϵ
¥ҶϵķУҶרǱ޵ʱͻȻһ˫֣رס壬һƬ촽ϡ


170 ǧ
Ҷɱ۾ǣֱѾ˭ˣĬ˺һͻȻһվסܡͷվס
ҶͻĺУŮӣŵһ£ǽǣʱҶһŰ˵ϣ̣Ҷ϶û۾ʵһǲѵϣ۾֮󣬱Էˣ
ôһڣŮҲûжˣ̾һ뿪Ҷϵķ䣡
ŮӸ߲ãҶϾ۾غһĵؽԼķˣЩҶ飬Ҳû˼ˣ˱ѣֻ밲˯һ
ǣһжô⣬ո˯ţͿĭӰӳˣĭһɱ׷ܣϣϣǽ㣬㡭
ҶϾһӶоˣǳ̫ˣҶѵʱ򣬻ڶ֮С
ҶԼԴȷֻ֮һǣһ˯⣬ôȥˣҲ˯ˣֻ𴲣ɣ޷ģֻȥ˰ҹʵڳŲסˣ¥ȥҶˡ
Ÿһ⣬ýӣŴˡżҶϳˣЦ˰ϣϣͽһһɣ
Ҷ׳һмʵǶſ˼أ죬ơҶߵЩУ޶һЩ˽Ҷϵˣξĭ˼֮ĳ˵Ĺϵǣ˽Ҷȴ̸ж߾˪ʵ˪Ҷϵ֪ˣҶʲô˪ܲµţ˽ʱ򣬶ǰﲨţʹȻǣһĹͨ
˽ҶϵˣʵǶţҶ϶˼ĭֹϵ֪ҶΪˣȢ檣ȻЩʵǣǺõģ
ҶЦ˶ŵԣѾܾûкĹˣҶϲȷ֪֪Ҷʲô᲻İˣ
ϡĭ˼ǺܲŮӣҪպŶҶϸžͿ˵ˡ
ôöûн˽أҶϷһۡ
ˣǹ˹;ɶ㻹ҪȥͶ̥ҪһĵŮչ˰ɡҶϵĻĶĿ죬ҶϵУʼôһ࣬ׯŵŮ
ҶʵϲλˣҪԵ˵Ŀ⿴νġ㡱ɣȻĺô˳Ҫĭһ͵Ļֻˣ˼ǽڶ֮ǻŮˣ
ŮˣҪҶ˵һõģҶҲҲõģȴҲҲģǧ
㣬㺦ˣҶϴӶŵ°̧ŵͷͺɶӾУСӵϷҸŮĶôһƣֻǣźѾϰˣҶϣһﲻ
һӣƿҶϣͷС˵ϣϲ˭
ҡϲ˵ȻǽˣҶҪҳһϲˣȴûҳгֵĭŶţŲ˼
⻰ҡҡͷ֪ϲ˲ǽ㣬ͱٿķ˰ɣ
Ҷ»޻˵ˣϲĭϲϲϲϲ˼ôҲϲǣԼҲ֪ҪһΪ֮ˣЩò⡣Ҳ˵ҶʵҲԼ氮˭ߺܶʱΪԼ氮̥أ
Ĺϲ㣬һȢΪޡҶЦŻصʵҶҲŮӣѡĶĶ
Ǹ㣬㲻࣬Ծͱ㿿̫𣿡ŷʵ
ҶϿЦѣʵտʼʶŵʱע֮ĹϵûֶΣǣˣΪ˽ˣʱССһ£ǣҲڿƶ֮ĹϵԶŵǣҶ׷ôҪһҲӦ
ˣǺ㿪Ц˵ģҶοǻ˼ĭм䣬Ҳ㾿ϲ˭ܶʱһ˻ϲϵŮˣҲǺ顭Ż˵š
ǵģϲŮˣֻһһܶ࣬ǡˣȴֻһҶϺܿ϶Ļص
ôĺ֪㰮˭˼ĭ׷ʵ
⣬þõǻҶϵУһֱڿ⣬Ȼŵ׷ʣôҶϺĻشȥˣ
ͶŽ̸һгĶˣ˭˵жʯʵܶʱ򣬺Ҫôһλ֪ˣİ㣬ҲͲ̫ˣ
ڣҶ֮ǰ̤ʵ˯һ
ӣҶһеٳţȴҲһֱûеõĭϢûеȵϹֳ֣
߱ڴʱţ
һתۣһ¹ȥˣ죬Ҷϵĵڵ˴˵еͯĩڶ壬һʱΣҪչأһͻͯڣ봫˵еĸڣ
ҶϽ̵ټһаѾӣ˪Լź˼ˣһֻӣٿһ򵥵˼µĻ飺ҵ鶯׶ΣҪչؼ죬ȻʱչҪȥһˣͽǴˡĭϢһʱ֪ͨҡ
һҶϵ鶯׶ΣҲǵͻƣȴûͻƵǸʱˣ˷ܵĲ˷֮࣬ȴҲһݵǡ
Թ֪жٵʿ鶯׶Σ׶βҸǼ߻ħһ⣬ͲǼ򵥵ûˣĳͷǱʿķ
ǣͯĩھһˮ룬һͻƣΪ֣ԪӳʮңҲͳΪͼĵˣԼܺڤһµĹսʤڰٷ֮ʮϣ
ҶϿ˵ʿɢһĵײ㣬޵еĴڣ
ҶϾҪǶȥˣŴҴҵرϣɣ
ллŽ⣬һҾͺˣҶԾܾˡ
ʦĻɣ˵һͻƵʱ򣬶ѣΧɴ󣬱ͻַ˳
ҶȻԾܾ󣬾ֻһˣһֻ뿪˹
ȻҶ뿪ãԶһ¥ϣһ˫Ѫɫ۾һҶϣǧգñһʱȥֹС
⻰˵꣬Ѫɫ۾߼ϣһ˫۾۾ͼ֮䣬ƵһĶ֧һ˫ǡ۾
۾֮󣬾ͺתʽһתߵǰֻ۾ͣˣˣǷɱ



171 թʬ
Ҷ뿪һ·򱱣˳ǣһƬ̺Χһ˽룬ߣҪġ
ӣҶϵѰҿԲĵطҵһĹĹеĹǰĶѨܶطУ
Ҷ˶ӣӲһǿУ֮ҶϽڷߣҵȣѨˣһͨĹѨûҶ֮ǰЩѨôӣҲˣиûʲôִڣǾޱչصĺȥ
ҶУ͵شӱȡһź챦ʯгˡ
Ҷһ׿ʼպ챦ʯ
֮ǰյľ飬Ҷպ챦ʯ֮ǰٶȿ켸ˣһź챦ʯǰСʱʱ䣬ȫգź챦ʯɫҶϸоԴԴϵĵУﱻùĹĵģҪըһ㡣
ʹʱҶͻȻ۾â˸һܣһα۾Ŀ䵽ҶϵļϣĿڴ
۾ʱ򣬷סڵʯ֮䣬ͻȻһ˫͵۾˫۾֮󣬴Ĺ⣬ĵرƽҶϡ
ʱҶϣòѾҪʱ϶ĺ飬һΣһһ㣬ڵϣʪ졣
һ˫۾Ҷǰͣһӣţֻ۾һγһһߣͻȻҶϵĲӣֵǣһУɵˣҶϵļϡ
ˣֻʱҶͻȻ۾ֻһܻһĹţð̼䣬һĹﻯΪҽ
ҶһЦʵ⼸죬Ҷͷ˶ˣһֱڷγȻ˹˫۾ͫϸ룬ߵĲȽϴ󣬽ѣ
۹ͫҪʤһµһ˫ȻȲ֮ǰͫʽڻǺټģбϵָǳͬһ֣֮
ȻٵļһѾɱˣҶϾܰĵˣЩ룬ҪɹûʱȻˣ

һߣһλھޣͻȻѪɫ۾ǰһû˹â¶һ˿Ц⡣
ȻҶ϶Ȼ޷֪飬ʱ֮ǰյЩ챦ʯҶʱһ룬ʱֻóһź챦ʯʼɡ
챦ʯڣһαһα֮ǰһҪӶһЩﱻ÷ϣЩ͸ˣǣþĵѾ˺ܶԣΪѣ֣һôŹˣ
ҶϣͿʼˣͻͯڣʵһִڶĸı䣬ʿΪķˮ룬֮֮ͯǧ֮ʿܵ︶ڵҲ޼ǺΪأӶʹӼٶȱ֮ͯʿνһǧ
ڵз棬Ҳһײ㣬򵥵˵ԷΪֱŹι뷨ͻḶͨΪʵʮ֮ڣɱ֮У
Ȼı侭֮֮һʧܣзϣһֻɹʧܣ
Ҷ֮Ϳʼˣ
ȵһͨľﵽĳ̶ȣһҪͺͨӵһûͨӵˮпʱ뻳ɣѲʲô⣡
ȻͯڣͨҲھѭǣǽ֧Ҳ˵ֻһСͨһʹеͨ㣬ͯʱͨδ꣬սʿѾаɱˣ򵥵˵Ҳȫʩչ
УҶתȫ֮һͨѾĿǰܳܵļˣյ俪ʼѭ⣬ϵѭٶȴﵽܿĳ̶ȣ
УҶ۵ҧأһΣһεĺˮһӣܹһһˣ
ѭ˰СʱҶͣˣΪ֮ϵͨˣҲ˵ͨĹУѾ˺ܶطҪʱ޲
ڶ޲̱Ƚϼ򵥣Ҳûжٷգȫ˴жʮѾǺٵˣЩ˵һͨҪʮ˺ۡ
Ҷͨһһ޲ѵ˿ڣ֮ͨ£ںһˣ
ǰСʱʱ䣬Ҷ޲˼е˿ڣתһЩͨԾ˼ӹ̣ȻʼڶͨѭΡ
һΣΣյһΣһܷɹ;ܷͻͯˣΪһҪеͨںһΣ澭תžŰʮһתղˮĻھˮղˮιԣܼ־žŰʮһתѭɣ
Ҷһתеȫͨһ磬һġŲͨǿȭͷСһȫѹʯͷӲȻҪǿܶ࣡
ôһţҪȫľѶȿ֪
ͨţ뿪֮ҶϾ;Լͺһֻĸһڹ˾µȷȭͷСţҪ澭ɺĸµ࣡
תĹУֲʹͨΪ֮ԴȻڷɢʱ򣬻Կпͨʧʱʧһе
ҶǿžʹһŲͨһһ챦ʯԺ챦ʯתֻͨ࣡ǣµһʹֻԼĬĬسˣ
ͨѾͨľһ·ת;ζһСʱ֮ڷ˵֮У
ҶϳغһһɣʱԼ֮УͺŮ˸꺢һ㣬ƮƮ־Ҫĸо
Ҷʹͨȫľ˲󣬾ͽ˵ڶѭ
ܶʼһתһתڵ糿Ҷһת˳ʶڣ
ȻҵʹȴҲһͻƵϲøУ۾ɵĶһԣֻ۾â˸
߰ɣҶϻվͻȻ̫ˣͨһµ˵ϣ
ĿﶢҶϿ˼ͱˣ
ûãҶ˵һȣѵ˾ȱˣ
һɣԼͻԹȥˣ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶϱ˵ļˣۡ壬壬㿴ʬ廹к
쵰ʬкһߵһλ˻ص
ǣ˵ʱתˣתһ̣ͻȻסˡ
Ϊνʬ壬ҶϣҶˣԼ۾ʲôζô
˼ţתܣթʬթʬ
ԭĹİҶϵʬˡҶϲԣһ˵ʬרҵǲ̫ɶˣ
ֻǣʱ򣬵ͷһǹɳζǴԼϷȫ·ɫʪ͸ˣٿָָˡ


172 ػĹ
ҶϾȵʱĿˣӷɿ죬Ҷϵǰһ˲䣬ҶϾ뱧һΪɽеҰӡ
Ҷڸм֮࣬벻ͨˣǳЩӶģ
ҶǺ棬ҶţﲻƭٲһЩĹӸǽӹҰӣ
ҶϿʼˣ˷ܵҶϵǰںСһ֨֨нģ
ԹҰӣҶϴҪ뿪ȴ˴ϸһģ˭ӵĹӣ
ҶϷһۣҲ֪ԷĿＱ뿪˴˵أСʱ֮һһɽСϪԣҶϴæϵϴһˮǺģҶֻͨ壬ϪˮУ˳ζţ
ϴɾ֮Ҷͨ濾·ŴϣʱȫõĲˣдսһĳ嶯
ҶϴظϵʱҶϵĵ绰ˣӴģһͨ绰ӽʦĵ绰ͨˣѡǸ˵Ĺʣм£Ѿˣظ绰ɣ
Ҷһë´ĵ绰ǲĭϢˣǶ˵͹ҶˣŲͨëµĵ绰ë磬ң
ˣǵõϢϹȥػĹˣ죬ػĹµķ֣ϺöȥػĹë»ص
˼ҲȥҶʵ
ǣȥʵڲǰ취ĭںϹֵϣȥͲڣУ˭ɱ˺Ϲֳδһᣡë»ص
ҶϺԥĴӦˣֻҪϢܲȥ
Ҷϻصʱ˪ѾʰڵˣһҶϻӿϸ磬ͻûУ
ҶƲƲ죬Цܲͻô
ţˣұͺͻƵĲҶϣԼ˪Ϊ˷ܵʱӻصиڵʦѵֵø𣿡
ҶεЦЦôҶҲᵽΪҶϵĵˣĲˣ
ȺУֻ˼ֵĲǺܳԾΪøζʲôʵҲ˵ʿ޷ᵽʿѣ
ʦǲǸöˣ˷֮࣬Ӵ¥ϱһվҶϵԡ
ȵë£Уһγȥ쳣ҪԺϹǿУ˼ͲҪȥˣҶ
˼ҶϵĻҲûбֵķҪȥɣֲı飬͹ˣ
¾֮ҶȥʰһЩ򵥵ķȥˣĵظҶϽ˷䡣
Ž㣬𣿡ҶϼĽһʲôº
϶εЦЦ˵ʲôǣߣջȥˣû£û£ֻǲǶѣ
Ž㣬лֱ˵ɣҵĹҶһʰһ߻ص
ֻ㣬ǲǺ˼˵ûһˣ˶٣ż˵㲻Ը˵Ҳʣ
ֵҶ޻˵ˣĬã˵ʵĲ֪쾿ʲôˣ
Ǿˣϣ˼ɣһŮ˺㣬ΪǽǺֲܿһ¡Ҷϣ
Ҷ⻰вɵһ־壬ǶѣҶû뵽Ů˺ǿʲô¶óģ˭УǱŮˣ
ϣ⼸죬Ҿ˼޷ʱܲȶ޶ڵϣʱȭߡˣҪһˣ̹ȻȥԣżҶϲ˵ˣͼ˵
Ҷһ⻰пһһƨɶ˴ϣи߰㣬Ҳ֪Լʲô
ҶϵߣԼ׵ܵһҶϵļһ˵ϣ˼İ㣬ҿԿǡҾĭ
γأҶЩԻˣԼҲ˭Ϊô϶أ
ְɣֻҸ˵ļ⡭ϣҪùϵŮ֮£ͷˣ˵꣬ת뿪ˣ
Ҷ컨壬һ󷢴Ҿ˭
⣬һһһ쿪ʼһֱҶϡ
֮ë¾ˣϵܣǲǸöˣ
͵ˣ߰ɣҶк˪Ÿ¥ˣ
ʱ˼һֱû˵һСϣҶϣ
˼㲻ĹеĹ֣ǿԺһȥҶϻȥ˶ŵĽ飬˼Ҫ˼
˼ҶҪȥæصҲ£Ҳ£ּöˣҲûʲôˣ
ϵܣȥȼأë˵ˣ
ʵë˱Ƚֱʣлֱ˵ˣҲ˼˵ĸܣõǰ˵ɣôȥһ׸˪ӣǶһ㣬Ȼλ˼һ㳣ʶҲһ׸ˣ
ë磬ʲô£ҪһƽĶԴȻǶȥ䣬棬һˣҶϻ˵ʲôֻ˵Щϻ
ƽģһμʱ򣬻᲻ƽģë·һۡ

ëҲһ飬ҶҪϣҲû˵ʲô˵ʵѹûʸʡ
Ҷϻһʣëʵë磬ػھѾܾˣʲô·֣
㣬˵ʼʼĹˡë»ص
һʵôڹƾһѰ׹ǣһ߸ʬʲôֵôȥأҶϾãһʲô˵ĵطȻɲôķ죡
Ҳǽϴԣпֳܳҩëѹɤ˵
ҶϿЦһγĻᣬֻǣǾԲǿ֣Ȼгҩ֣źϹȤˣ
һҶϻ벻ͨʼгҩ𣿡
ķкܶ࣬Ƿأë»ص

ɫ֮󣬼˾·ˣΪ˱ֵ͵磬˴ȥ˽ȷĵطٻֻ˹̧Ρ
ǣϽӵʱҶ߶ѳһѣ˵Ķ飬ëǱֻһˡ
ë磬εˣӣȥëһɣҶϷԸ
Ӧŵڿһ˪ͷ̵뿪ˣ
ʼ꣬ΪйʷϵһλʵۡʼĹڰ˴漣ĻŲصﱣλʼλʡɽ¡ʷأʼ13꼴λʱͿʼӪ԰ة˹ֹ滮ƣº๤ʱ䳤38֮꣬ƴ֮ΰ⽨ͳݳ޺ִ֮ڣ76ף԰÷ضǣڳܳ2.5ܳ6.3ڣλڳϣ涫ù餺ĵطΪʼ꽨Ⱥĺģδ
񣬷ù餺ĵطھ򣬱Ľʿ
ϣֻ̧ػϣ߳Ů


173 ׷ĭ
ػɽˮɫɽμˮҶϵʿרҵĿ⿴Ĺ½еķˮأɽΪμˮΪͣϰ֮˵⣬Ǵɽػл㾦֮Ĺ޽ɽ۾֮ϣ
Ȼķˮѧ˵ѾܺʱᲢۣҲ˵ػܶණ˵ķˮѧ˵ȥδܽͨԣҶҲûǧδ֮գ
վڵϣķ磬Ĵǵ壬˵Ŀܣ
ҶҪǰȥȴëֹˣôȥ
ҶԻë£˵ػھڹڲȥѵȱ˶ȥٽȥ
ȻҶˣػھڹΪάޣӹ̣ЩܽеģڿҶʿȥоһߵĹȥɨһգ
˵ԭǵĹҶϵ֪ЩϢ֮󣬾һĿݡ
꣬Сë˵
Ҷϵ˵ͷĿɨһЩطݴ֮ĺаȻ˺ܶˣ
Ҷ˲ûвػ֮УѻһЩ룬ʵĹڻ꽨֮£ڷ֮£ȽɭϣѽӽҲûж⿪ţ
Ҷһ˹̧Σ̧εڻǶȻ޷ػѣ
ڹ̧εڻ£ʮ֮ĵǱ˷ѣʯҶϵ˲ʲô⣡
Ҷĵëµߣëʵë磬ȷܳ״
˵ϣӦܸܵкܶǱ˰ɣждͨߣֻҪţһʲôǻȥʱȥǣë»ص
ͨߡҶϱĸˣëºԼǸڵĸ֣ѵִ˵еͨڸ֣˵ǸʿѾɣ˾ʮҲҪأ
뵽ˣҶһȻԼҲͨߣָǵе˾׵ĵزʱָкͷ̸ܻͱҶͯڴĻһķһֻڸڷܴƵķ
ԣͨ߷ָˣһǵиһǷ
Ҷ˼ƮҡʱһλԱЯǹˡҶϼ˼æӣҲҳһ
ǣλԱжˣһֱеǹˡ
Ҷϴӵһ·λԶĲݴſţűһҪȥ֮һֱۣһ
ֻǣڱԱ;һŷʴʱͻȻϢĵˣһбĭӣҶһаˣˣͨߣ׾һλǹа⽫һ漣ǿһԣձ֮ˣˣϵѻǳʢһа֮Ȼҿ
ڣĸĲ٣ë
ڴʱҶ˽ŲԶԶأǸ߸ЬҶ͸ݴԣԶŲķǸþǱٸ֮ء
߸Ьóϸ˺һӣڿһλŮӣӶȥķ򣬾Ƿڣֻͨڣܽڹ֮У
λŮӵĳֵʱҶͻȻпһ죬ôӰĭҶϼæ۾ĭĭ˰ˣ㱻˴ˣҲһ˿ڣɣ
Ҷܽһ仰һԼˣֻǣ۾֮󣬿ĻͬıӰĺĭ񣬼һˣ
Ҷһ˪˪ͣĿ⿴ص̫ˣ̫ˡ
ҶȷˣۻˣҪôĭˣҪôǱʹ۷׷ȥǵڶôʩչ֮˱ȻǺϹ֣
ǣˣʩԻǣë»ص
ëһλоˣҶȻԼ޷жϣȴëµжֻǣĭĻػ꣬ܲ󣬻᲻ǳ֮治УӰ֮ͬˣһУ
Ҷ˼ʱ򣬼ǸӰתˣתһͷƮҡڱĶͷȻҶҲһϳ˴ˣĭĭ
˵ţҶϾҪȥëһ־ĭһ£Էⲻ갡ȵȣڿ
ҶϱëµĻˣ֪Լֳ嶯ˣЩ֣ѵһδΪ嶯ǶŽ˵İˣ
ĭһŮӣͻȻҹɫ֣֮󣬼һλСӴԶҹɫгˣ̤ſƽأȵվߣ
ҶڿСӵʱɫˣ⺢ǹҲ˵ǸŮˣʮа˾žĭˣ
ҶǣˣȲסˣһҪɱȥֱ˪סȥ·ϸ磬ôô嶯㿴ĭ͹Ϥ
Ҷ̧ͷٿĭԹ֧֧˵ʲô˵꣬һĹѨˣţĭԾȥˣ
ʹʱܵĲݴԶˣĺӰһһ죬ӶıĹѨУ
Щŵ֮ҶϷ࣬ëҪȥҶסȥ·ǵȵȣȽȥˡǿúϹ֣һ֣
ëһ룬Ϲֵȷûг֣թͣ˽ŲҶҴҵرĹѨ֮У
ꡱһҶԾĹѨ
ҶϽ֮ʱмӰӱĹѨУ
˴һӵʱ䣬ɼϹ֣ǣʿ϶ȥˣֻԶһЩģڸ
ë룬ӵˣĹѨУ
ҶϽĹѨ֮󣬸ǰˣһ·񱼣ʮңڵڹ֮ĳǽ֮Щˣվʮλ͹ԱѾԹȥˣ
λѾƽˣǣػĹأҵ֣ʤĸʻһЩȽȥ֮󣬾ͿԼʵˡһλ
⻰һӦͣܶͬˡ
Ҷʷǡͳ鼮ػĹصļأʹ򾫱ȥĹˣǣĹѨڳһֻܷɵĽŵټھΪػĹĺʹ˵һ죬һѻ˵ϵĹֵǮĶѹһգµĹңȴ
ңػĹܣÿ֪λãҲ֪ƷķʢȻĹҲûнڹɺϣգ˵
Ҷϵ˼ȴȺѰĭ͹Ǻźʮ˵Ķ飬ұˣȴҲûмĭ͹Ӱӣ
ȻЩʿ֮󣬾ʹӵϼ֮ǰԱùǣȹߣڹǽھ


174 Ƥ
Ҳĭѵôʧˣȥĵطˣѧ̽⵽ڹСһҪһЩټܵĽɽΧǽΧĲ֣ʮƽף
ҶҲĭֻһԵëµˣػĹһȦƾͺ߶ˡټĭ͹ߵĺܽǲǹҸû˵ĵطɱ
ȻҶĭôǣĭаʿƣͺ˵ˣȵëһ˽֮ȥѰң˴ʮӵʱ䣬˪ëһڵˡ
ʱھΧǽ߳״ˣھһλˣ۵ĽһһһѿˣǶѵĿһǿѿͬʱһΣһεѪɫˡţ˾ǵʧķһ㣬۵Ľţ·ˣڵ裬Ť˼Ȧ
һҺȫ˺ɫѪۣһһñӸճһ㣬ңЩѪ۶һһһһĳ֣ͺεıӳһģһ
ܲסʹ˫ȥץѪ۵ĵطһץ֮£һƬûˡֻǣҵʹѾôʧȥǣڲϵץš
һץȥһƬ⣬Ŀ֮£ԼԼϵһץˣ¶˰ɭɭĹͷֻǺ֣⣬¶ɭɭ׹ǣȴ
ϵץһ飬ҲжˣٿˣһѪԵˣҶ֮ǰѪʬӵĿֲ
⻹ֹأץ⣬ûץˣץͷԼԼϵ߹һһİعǣپץӣԼӶժˣץۣڣʣһ첲ץԼԴѪһԴȺ
˼ŵһµҶϵĻУǸѪһԴҶһҵĵطɹȥǽϣԽĽ˳׵ˣ
ȻУĳǽǣһ˫ĿⶢҶϣĿԽԽֱ˼˽ҶϵĻУ˫۾ʧˣ
˵һһʱھˡ
ػĹǧ걣վбɵģܶ걻ȴΨʷ󣬱࣬ĹѨȴõıˣеĵ֪
ĪţĪšжˣ׶ŴҶŷ߰ɣһλվǰһ˵ˣ
һж߶ˣػĹǰ׼ߣֻɵˣ˭֪ػĹˮΪˮӷ˵УͻжĿ϶з
һ˲䣬˶˷ߣţвǰȥھˣ
ҶϵҲзͺʹһߡҶϴߣͺëˣë磬ΧǽһȦûĭϢڴ˵Ⱥɣ
ëĿģҲΪ˲鰸ҶԸһȥѰȻˣڴӦ
ʦҺһȥӱ˵
˭ҶƳһ˪˼
ͷõģʦСĵ㣬״ܣ˶࣡
Ҷϵ˵ͷҪ뿪Ȼ˼һֱҶϵֱ֣ҲϷ֣˼ͲҪȥˣİĵطһʲô
ϣĭ͹һ𣬲ɺϰɣ˼ͣʵ
˼仰Ҷȫһˮһһսʵ뵽ˣǣһֱȥ룬Ƿȥɣ
˼һҶϾҲò˼ˣ
ĭǸʱǺϹֶԸʱ򣬵ڶǺһſǺϹֵ˰
ڹһΣĭôͻȻˣаӣٷϿƸְˣôɺϵľȻԼ
ںһֱڸѵڼ
ǰҶΪ׷ĭϧһдۣ伫ǣȴۺ͵ˣ뿴Ůˣ̬ȣͺһ㣬ֻǣһƺϷ
Ҷ뵽ˣԴ죬ҧأǰϵһ˼淢ֲ⣺ѵǼٵô
Ҷһʹ֮󣬱ôδйʧ䣬һ̣ͻȻ֣İĭˣΪ˼ڵʱ˼ʧٵʱָоͺ;˪һһ˵ĸоĭǣһֺ֣ݵĸо
ֻǣʵں˵ɵӣ㱻ƭˣҶϵģ۵ЩһΣˣһθܵ۵ĸоˡһֿţȴ֪۵ĸо
˼ܵҶϵʹ۽ỨȻỨĸоܿ͹ȥˣţǹһ˿Ц⣡
ʹʱھ֮ˣٳ״һβڵˣǸղվ˵ߣȣȡ
Ŀ⾪죬λߣٸһ¿ȰȻڵضЩƣȴûж¶ȣѵаˣ
뵽ˣλ߹ֽţϵ·һһѵˣȫ㣬ֻһͻȻץסԼӣӱشӸϰ˳Լͣһˡ
ͣ˴󺧣ǣЩ˶ʿҺܶ඼ϹȻû˿ȥλô£ͨײ֮ģǾͲˣҲһۿ
ʦʦǿ뿪ɣˣһݵҶϡ
Ҷڴ˺ѷεʹˣǰһĻȻ֪ʲôˣӣ⡭
ʦû°ɣӾҶϣҶҲɸղŵλһ
ӣô˵أ˪һֱվҶߣҶϺ˼ļ򵥶ԻҲˣңҶеʹ
ʵ˼ôһᣬ˪뵽һЩһǱݺɣĭǱ˴绰֧ģٺֱǳˣųˣ
˪ë£ݺǵʱû֪˵û֪ͨĭ£ֻǣ״ϣǰλߣѾӶˣԼˣʲôѪȵأ
Ȼ黹ԶԶûнһֻ֣ͷ˺ԼͷƤͷ³һ磬һģͷƤȫͷذ˱һʹƤӼƶƤϣͷϣҲκαˣֻһֲѪɫԴ
ѪɫԴУֻԲ۾ڶĶˣһ˫۾ǳ˵ģ
һ˽ȫƤӰ壬̶ץĿ֮£һڣһڵĳˣҿӣԵǽζ
ҶҲǰĳˣã˵ȴˣʧ֪ǸĿ˸ߣпʼ˼⾿ôһ£
ԼƤһ㣬̻ʣһͳ˸⡣ʱ߶ʣһѪģϣһ˫۾˸͵Ĺâֵ磬ɨڳÿ˵ϡ


175 
ֵͲһĹ⣬ɨҶʱҶϼæ۾֮ǰͫ۾Ϊ߱ˣ̶ɱˣǰ˫۾ǲҲأ
Ҷڱ۾ĹУȴͨ̽ܣһʱǸѾƤļһ﹥
ʹʱһλŹͷߵļһӶڷ˽ӳ֮ʱͻȻŰƤļһһƣһƴȥꡱһ֮Դһӡ
Ƥ˾ȻûеȥҲûĿ̧ͷһĨɱ֣һȭеĹͷߴȥ
⹷ͷ߶죬һȭͬʱһ궤˴ƵԴУڻ궤ȥһ̣ƤļһɳƵĺһţȫϣĴѪһƤļһﻯѪˮڹ⻬ĵϣԶߣ
Ѫˮû߶ԶͷڵϻһȦӣЩѪҺȦУŴһɫķȼյĹУһЩâѪҺС
ЩâѪҺУЩѪҺȻĻûһѪɫԪһ˵ԴҪܶࡣ
һֻԪҲʵ̫ųˣ⹷ͷ߿Цˣǳĵͳзһ㣬ɭ˵ͬʱѪɫԪһȭͷСװ˿ڴС
ҶϵĶҲߣȴںɣ˾˭Ϊβ˵ôͨ˵أ
֮⣬Ԫ꣬ҲˣʵԪûлǵģΪԪǮôǣڹԪͻɻǣͺñǳɱ˵Ľɱţɱţɱˣ
𾪵ĲԪ֮жֻǣɴ˿ɼػĹ֮Уֻ¸ӿֲֵĶȥˣţײ˳֮УԼԪ֮꣡
ھԪ֮أͬʱڷ޳ɹͷߵˣսһ۾ͿԼ򵥵ʽܿ˱δ֮꣬ʵη
λҽػĹΪľǻòƸ鵤ҩǾһְɣ˷סѪӡȾͶ֣У߶áλΣλͷͭǽһǽ˵ǽִˮǽ̵Ķˣ
⹷ͷߵ飬ͿʼĲ࣬ȻȫƱͨȻҶԣҲֵ֧ˣУ
ͷߣһ˷͵˵ͷȻתתһ̣гһ֧𽣣ŷӵһǽϣ
һȥ̵ǽڣһСӣ𽣽֮һˣ
һĿˣʩĽ𽣶̲ȥǽڣֲ˽ӽʮˣӴСĿռҲûھ
һĪչʱǽССĻУһɫҺΣҺγֺ󣬾ˮһһֱ
ʲô˸ӵľˡ
λʩĹͷߣæһݣһλʿСģɫҺմӣһȫͳɫ֦Ҷ
ʮ˵Ķ飬ʮңҲû˸ǰˡ
λ֦Ҷʿ뿪֮󣬺ܿѿ³˵Уͷϵ֦ɳ֮󣬾ͳһʵʵڵʯˣ
Ҹ˷˼ģʯϵĹӣʺִ󣬾ոճʯ˿
䣡Ҷ˼
Ҷ⻰һڣ䶯һ䣬ûˣû磬ᱻ֮Уȵʱ͸ˣ
ʦҵβƽأӽ˪ԼҶʵ
ҶҲͷˣ˵ģҲڡٹ֮顷ϼЩļأȴûƽ֮ڡٹ֮顷ϣһ֣֮˵ܵ䣬ɴˡ
ϣҺ¡˼˵ţҶϵĻУҶϵϣɫֽûһѪɫ
ҶϽ£뻳УͻȻ˵һμ˼椵ʱааͬһҲһ䣬᲻Щأ
뵽ˣҶϾ֣ë磬һ£Һһ£
ëҶϵĻʹҴҵˣʵҶϴսѪʬѾ۽ˣȻǸɣЩˣǣʧΪʤëʱë²֪ԼԪ˷ɻȴܴ
룬²ҶϵߣҶϽ˼˪˪Һë´̣
˪Ӧŵæ˼
Ҷë£һǽǣſߴһӣ
ë֣꣬ҶϣǹëǲǣξǴҲ
Ǻǡë磬Ȼ㲻ĭҲûһϢ߻ȥɣҲûйϵǣҶЦǺǵ˵
ԶԶؾؼһˣҴҵʦǾ߰ɣ̫Σˣ
ҶЦˣؼʱ̣ôʱÿÿѩ̿ĪˣǴֵĻصţ߰ɣȷ̫Σˣ
ȵȡʹʱһֱվǽǴë˵ˡ
ҶһЦػͷë磬£
ҶǸװı飬ëѪˣҧأһһĻصҡȥ
˵ҪˮҶ˷ܵĻص
ʧȥĶ֮ǰҪһ£õأҪ֮ëԼ
ȥɣȥɡɶظûȤҶϰ˰֡
ʦػĹбأǸɵйĲƸ˵ǮǸˣҲˣ
ҶŹʯһ꣬ʵ֣ػĹǹص㱣ȫĲƸַģǣĭڶѨʧˣģƭҲҪһΪʲôߵʱɱ
һ֮ë¶һССմˣһˮҶϣû˵ŵҪĶˡ
ëⶫ൹ʯУ㿴Ǹ;ҪʧˣʧˣһжˣҶϻص
ëҶһӣȴҲû˵ʲôʯС߳ȥˡ
ʯʯ֮ǰëż⣬һˮ䵽ʯϣ֮С
ˮʯʯʼ΢΢زǷ˵һ㣬ڲĹУҶʵЩҶ͹ʵڵϣͱһΣһεɫҺΣ
ʧȥҶ͹ʵʯʼή׶ߣرС֦ҲڲϵıС֮Уһ֮ڱһ˸ߵֻͣǣɣȴ˹ҡôʯˡ
һͶë¡
ңĹͣĹ͡ϾˣëȴûԼĹͣһƲ£ӲƵҶϵϣ
ҲҪǫˣǴĿáͽƽ֮ҵʹô˷Ƴ䡭ͷ˵ţë


176 Ԫˮ
ëĵģЩ£ݵ飬Ȼǻˣ͸ҶϣʵȴǣЩ˿ƽ䣬Ҷϣԣ˵ʲôҲҪƽ֮
Ҷ͵ЦѣӿˣͷǳҶϣʦʲôƽ䣬Ҳܺ棬ͽаɣ
Ҷϰһۣ˪˵˪˼ȥǱ߰ɣﲻ󷽱㣬ƽ䣬ٻӣǻرһ£Ȼڹ
һǻ˪֮£󣬾˪ȥǽ֮
˪˼뿪֮Ҷת˵ë磬ͽƽ֮ߴҰɣŽ󡭡
Ҷôһ˵֤ʵë¹ǲй¶ܣһϵеıһӿë˹УоԼ޵ݣȵĵҶϡ
΢ĵһпʼҪƽ֮ˣЩó˼飬ǮǸǮƽ֮һֵ𡭡
ǰҲʮ飬һ㡭
Ҳ࣬һ򡭡

Ǯ֣ͷˡһӣһӵǮ۾ˣҶϣʦǸƽ֮Ӧ֪ɣ
ҶɨһӣͻȻЦˣ֪֪
ʦңЩǮǵˡӿҶϡ
ҶЦŽ˵ӣһһʣ͵ǮвҪĵػĹжٱأδ֪Уеķտ֪ڽȥ֮ǰܵõһʲƵ룬Ѿܲˣ
һЦˣŶӣǡҡ֪
⻰һ˵Χۣλӣ˵ЩǮԸ㣡
ʮ飬ĶˣУʹԪˮƽ䡭
ԪˮɫͻȻˣЩĶӣ
ҶϼԾվ˳λǰλ硭ԪҪ֮ЧԷˮ
ҶϾӲ˵һƭӵʱЩϹһһ½;ͳˣ
ЩɣĿͶë£λ磬˵Ƿʵ
ë¾Ͳûתܣ۶Ҷϣ
ҶЦ˵ë磬ⲻǴʵʵ˵ɣ
ë»Ȼ򣬹ֲҶϺǰ޿֣ԭҶߣ˭Ҳʶ˭
뵽ˣë¾̧ͷصǣ
⻰һ˶ЦˣȺ߳һλͷߣëʿô˵أĴҵôã
ëֱ֣ϼľͲ
ҶϼæץסëµļС˵ĹѨɣ
һ⻰ëһͷ
˳õʮ飬˷ܵװԼıУһСƱƱҰ㡭
ȻϵԪƽ䣬˷ˣ˷֮࣬˵ռôԪأ
ͷһֱֱܵʱ򣬲Żص֮Уʮа˾žǴаɣԼѵȡԪ
һ룬ô£ôĶСѧˣȻʿһЩƣܶ˶
ôȡأһλʨͷĴʵ
ɻɣûǵ󣡡Ҷɨһۣ˼ܼ򵥣Щʿʮϵ䣬͵ʿŴֻƽԼԼˣ
͡˵һһЩߣ֨ˡ
ҶǴүǣ¸ɶǴеĳͷ߶˵
ǰɶôɶ˵ģǸûһλӦˡ
ôһӦϵĳʮˣԽ󣬵СҲ͸վˣվ֮󣬾һóԼǻ
Щһض飬ҶϾһԤʼ
뷨ֻ룬ܶѾʼˣһŸ룬һְǻʿģǳ֮ԣʱҪѰʢԪ
ͻȻЦˣĵغҶ˵оǾһ֧͵ڱ
ûɣ㿴кö֧ǹأҶָеļλүǣ
ǼˣСһǹ㡭ɶûǹӲ
ǰвʦAVͺˡ
ʦˣѧø

ߣһȺáˡȻȺһôҪҶԾͰһΣǴӱȡһֻֽޣʩչɱݱֽ˸֮
ʱеֽԶ˵ϣ̼䳤ˣһŮӣΨһͬߵĹɿţ
Ҷ룬ô˵ŮƯƯ˵һģһǣڿһ㣬ͻȻһźɴڱֽ޵ţڿ˼£Ϳֻֽ޿ʼˡ
ˣҲоģҵоˣųһԲεĴȦǹһֻ룬ǸɣͻȻձAV֮еĳһλ棡
ҶһʯͷϣĿ˸ȴЦЩնصĴΪһĴڣֻǣΪ˽ǰһ֣ĹȻף
һ֮󣬽нǳɹˣ
ʮ֮󣬼˶ˣ̧һֻ룬ЩҶϺӣ
ӣкʩɣҶ
Ӽæվһʦ緶λǶõˣһˮаΪϣ
󣬾Ͱӵ˼ˣЩǾýĴʿҪٽ̵ʩˮԣЧǷǳõģһ򣬴͸һˮȴһô
Ӿ쵼ĸоǲһǣ˵ˣˣûҶϣʲôˣ
ʦȿȡɶʲôӱ鲻ڵʵ
ǽϱǣҶʵҲ֪ôˣҲֻشˣԼ·ǽǽϲãҪɿˣ
Щ˶һˮһԾųɶӣӴԤ
һʮλʿͬʱˮǽϣڷˮӴǽʱ򣬱ĵطǵˣ̡ðŵ𻨣
˾˺ԶԶعǽ档
ôųʮӵʱ䣬žûжˣٿǽ棬鸽ƽֻһһķˮۼ
ӣûУһλʿȲˣǴʵ
ʦ
ˣҶҲ㲻˭ô䰡ǣûѡأ
һǰֿʼˡ£˺ˣǽôˣ
ҶѾӣĵﵽȺ棬ӶݵĴˣô˷ܵתӣһҵӣ
ʱ˪Ҳ˼һˡ
ϣǽϵʲôôЩ졭ˣҵʱõַˮɣ߻Ķ˼գ۾ʵ


177 
ȿȿȡҶϸɿһʱ֪λشǣʹʱ״ˡ
ͨˣͨˡ˴ţ˶С
մͿЩʿƴ꣬һλ߲Сģͱ̤˽£̤ʮˣλ߾Ͷˣǣŵĳ棬ȥڽӣ˭ں̤ˣöˣܶһЩ
ҶŶѨ۷øղŵôȥˣ˼Ǹϣ޷شˣ
һ򣬶ȥˣ̤ͷӣپҶһˣ
ϵܣҲȥɣë¼ǰӵı˶УзǼҶûнȥҲûкЩһżϾػĹĵط
ȵȰɣȷûˣڽȥҲ٣Ҷ޶ԣһʯͷϣĿȴһֱŶӷ
ŶӵʱͻȻĭ
ʱǵ߶û뿪Ѩԣ˶ˣһƯıӰ͹ͬʱɽ˶Ѩ֮У
ҶҲˣľ֣˶ѨУӵҲű˶ѨУ
Ҷ̤У깷һһ߻ͷȥȻڹʱͻȻסˣ֮ǰʮˣӰӶûˣ
ǰһƬãã磬ĿܿɽȻɽͺһɴʵĿȫòֺմţгŮȫףʵУ
ҶһػĹ˼£ȴ˵ĻҪӵĶ࣡ͬʱҶҲò̾˵ĴǣȻسʱ򣬾Ͷ֮ˣ֮ûԼҪĶ
Ҷզʱ򣬽ë£ӣ˪˼ˡ
ëһ֣ǰȥߣȻöˣ
ë˵ţǰңţҶϵˣţë¾ͱһ֮󣬽ʧڻɫĿռˡ
ëµʧҶϸӵؽӣǻ֮أʱΣգչ˺˪˼ҿûƽ֮
ţİɣһչ˺ǣظ֤
ϸ磬Ҳƽ֮Ǿͻȥɣ̫ˡ˪æҶ˵
Ҷϵ˵ͷʵҲȥֻڸղӼĭ͸ܽˡ
ϣСĵ㣡˼˵ˡ
Ҷ΢ЦŴӦˣŻأһһǰȥ
Ҷÿ߳һҪǰ׳һ̽·ʯëһСĴ˻͵һطȥ
ǣҶʯ̽·̤ʮʱ򣬿һγˣǸоͺһ˫֣Ҷ֮У
Ҷʵмܲסʧʱ򣬴һӣǳȥ죡
⻰˵꣬ҶϾʧӰˣӾ֮ʦʦ
ʱ˼ҧȥ׷ͬʱʧ֮У˪ˣųУȵң

ҶͻȻǰһ۾ԼһŵԱߣűһƣͷ
Ҷ̧ͷۿܣͷһһ˴Сʯȥʯ֮ԣҶ̧ͷʯּ
Ҷϻ˻ӣͻȻһɾ磬ʯϵĳɢˣ
û˳ּĳˡϹ׭ֲ֣࣬ǣҶϲʶ׭壬ʮӣǷˡ
ʱȴڲ䣬ʯ·һиС֣Ǽ֣һ۾ϳһЩ
ҶϴæӣϸһϷ򵽴һΡˡ
Ҷغһиӵľּ֣ƮȻ˼ǿ֮
Ȼּʲôʱ¼ȥģѾ޴֤ˣǣӳٶʮ˰ɣ
Ҳ˵ػĹûڣּˣѾ˻ˣ
ҶϼܣҲκεĻȥ·ߣһӴֻһ·ߡ
Ҷڵ˼ʯͷ͵ϣûκεķӦǣҶܾ⣬һʲôأ
뷨Ҷ϶ȻðȻǰӱȡһֻޣڽǰյһֻ飬ӡڲУ˵һֻޡ
֮ҶϽֻʹ÷ƣָ֮һָȥ
ԣķͷٷУǻأһһ̤
ǣھⲼ̤ϻʱͻȻˮУһֻһӰӣӰһͽһˣ
ţӰӲۼ˺֮У̲һӣҶûпˮľʲô

ҶϾ֮£ϸĹ۲죬ֻǣһڱˮ棬ʲôҲôղͻȻð˲޵ģʲô
ҶóһֻޣʩƮŲŵأûƮԶͱͻȻֵһˣ
ţֳˮ·Ҫҳһͨķһ飬һ鳢Եʱڵĵ棬ͻȻζˣ̧ͷһĵطȻʼҵĲ
Ҷ϶˵æʯ֮Ŀ˸ĶŻζĵطһһ¡¡ռһѷ죬ѷУһֻԴһųˮݵӣէ֮£ͺļôһЩơ
ҶϼæԴʯ֮
ϴһҲûʲôˣһͳĻѷǱߴ
϶ǳȥɣ
ߣ

䣬ʹűһĽŲ̤ն֮ǰҶĵعţͬʱ˵󣬻ǸɫΪ׵һλձһաľһ꣬һλᣬȴһλäˣĿûһɫʣ
Ӵ磬ǿƽ֮ôϹʵ
ûУ󡣬ȥ̽̽·Ϊ׵ӻص
Ӵ磬ôȥλΪ˻ص
ϴ󣬻ϴֻѵСôӰһ۸󡣡
ɨһϹӣ̾һҲգܲϹȥɣ
˵ţλͻȻڵϣƨŵأҪڷɣȴͻȻĿһӴ磬Ǳˣ
һվʯϣĿҶϣ˭
ҶϱӶݵģ룬أһСģͻᴥأǿĲԣ粻ҪӶݣ⼸˵ĵв˵ܴȥأ
һĹҶϺηĻص
ԭͬУ˵һС鷳Ǵ·ɡȵõֵһ㡭ͻȻվҶϵԣҲҶϴ𲻴Ӧץȥ
ȵȡҶϼæ
ȻֻϹò׼һλ̽·ˣŹϣ㡭ӹţ
磬̫ˡСӣĸˣܻźֵܽڹⱲӾͷˡǣˣһ㡭˵ţͷˣһֻͷĹһŴУŻɫҺΣ


178 ĹŮ
ҶϾһɱЩһֻǣиԼһײϵģʮа˾Ųˣ˵ò֪ˣңκεķ֮ˣƲô
뵽ˣҶҧأȥʮңҶŻͷԭһЩСӴ·˻ţ
ҶϵļֵһһŭǸ󡣬һ̤СӣŲһ㣡
֮һ̤ǿҶʮףȻû£͵ˣҶϣ
ǰģǸ󡣬ǣ׶࣬һֻӰӴӸ˹ȥţ񱻱һ߽ˮһ£
Ҷϵͷˮ棬ˮķˡˮϣֻܿˮһɳѪҶʱ֪ղųֵ⣬ԭˮ
СӣʹթӱҶϣ
Ȼӷ׵ʱͻȻ״ˣһ缱Ŀӣ
ɨһ磬֣ͬһֻȭͷȻӭ磡
䣡
ӵҲȻ֮һȭһ硣磬ӱѾҶϵԱߣ
أһֻҶץʱӰͬʱӵܣӼæջعҶϵ֣תһ̣֫ãȻˮˮУ
Ҷϵһôţ棬ֵٶȣ˹Ȼ࣬һʲôа֮
뵽ˣҶϾ·֮վʮ·һ㣬ǰᱻŪ˻ᱻаŪǺãȻоĻһСʱˣǣĿǰֻܰȫߵǰٽһҪˣ
磬˲ɱһɱʱϹͻȻ˵ˣ
ӵ֣ڿͣһʹӸ첲ܻҶϣȴûж֣תϹӣ϶ѾˣѵǾͲɱййô
磬ܹʮ׶ءϹü
һ룬ô£˿֪νĹأ㲻֪ûŪҲһ
뵽ˣ֣ǣֵһɲǣҶһŷӵĶͷĬж䡣
ͻȻסˣӲƶʱҶٶȷɿ죬˫־𣬾ͷֱȥ
ܵĹУͷ׻أһһ磬ֱӵϣµãǽҶϵƵģһжתˣӳҶϵĵƣ
λŭ磬ȥɣһ㱨𡭡
ҶһЦһ·ɱһվ˶ͷϣϵıɡ˵ϣһȫ׵Ѿˣ
ҶϻͷһվڶͷϹӣһЦǰȥǰһƬʲôҲ壬ߵʱһֱһֻǰ·´˻أĲף
˴Լһףƣǣȴǰ˴򶷣Ҷĵǰܣһʯͷ֮Ŵܵĵط
էһһλŮӣʮһ꣬ȻŹװںͼλŷߵʿܣҶϸٿһǹɣ
ͨĿۿˣڹ۲һӴܶʹù㣬ҲȷŮˡ
ҲǵĹŹװװʲôƣЩϹɲΪŮ˶Ź㣡ҶϿЦţºûйϵͶʯͷţǴˣǰҪ鷳
ֻǣ粻ֹʹʱŮӱһ߷ˣɵǣŮӾҶϵԣԴײʯϣ˹ȥ
ҶϷһۣ׼뿪ʲôӢ۾ҶѾûǸˣĹŮӣòȥ˾£
ȻҶìܵʱЩʿɱˣҶϺŮһΧУȻͬ
ͬҶ⻰ƴˣͼæͣҺûйϵͬ
磬ɱǡɱǡʹʱϵŮĿ˵Ҷϣ
˵һģֵǣ˵ɱǡ˵ţλŵȱ
Ҷˣ˭˭ˣղҪɡɱ޷ˣϻǻΪǲèˣ
뵽ˣҶһԾֿȭͺλ󺺸ˣһҶϽһλһ߷ɣһǣתʱǸŮѾټˣ
ҶϸӵķŭȻ統ʱ㣬ǣʵȴǾ㣬û뵽һлл˵ôˣ
ʵȻһ֤ڵˣԽԽˣԺٶ£
Ҷ뵽ˣ̾һһֻޣǰȴìܣĭڲһʼڶοû˵һ仰ǲĭ˵أ
ȻѾߵˣͽȥɣĭȥҲˣ
޿·ҶϸŲޣʮңǰͻȻȻʣһƬӴĽէ֮£ΪϽǣ춼ôƣ
ܣŴӣ̩ɽкػĹһĵӰҶ̧ͷٿͷǿգУ
ҶϻϣϸĹۿǷˮĺ֮ԣһССĶľšҶָһָľţ޳ɹͨ˶ľš
ҶǰҪ̤϶ľţͿļ̵˲޵ϣ
󣡡Ҷû˿⣬ǲŲأͬʱҲھ̾˾Ǩġʷǡǡʷ֮ʵ˾壬ػĹдôʵŵػĹľһլڻ꣬ٵع
Ҷϻǰû߳Ϳһڶľŵıϣк棬ôľأͲ˵ؽˮжû£̫ľɻ
ػĹܶණʵ̫ˣǣȻѧҪصİɣ
ҶϾʹͣ˽ŲֿʼоˣоһǵһЦһǿбĳһߣͨɫڴСһ־ɱҶϣ
Ҷָһ𣡡
˻һɫڴСߣһ±ˣһֻľӵ˵ϣ
ǽҶЦݣ֮ǰڽоһżֻ¹ܵˣ
ţҶ̤˶ľţڶľȴûʲôأ˳ͨˣ
ȻľţҶϾԥˣǰĵ棬ʯͷĥĵذשСȣȳƣǣҶЩذש֮УȻʮа˾װ˻أһ̤ȥͻᴥأ־ͺ֮ǰֻһҼĶ
Ҷԥʱ򣬹һһţͻȻȼ˵ƻ
ҶǰһյƣĶŵͣⲻ͵ơ
̧ͷٿգձˣʵʵڵĶѨˣ׶ߣֻǣ䶥ȴŷⷢıʯղſǳЩʯ塭


179 Σķ
͵ƣҶϽ˵صʱ򣬾˵ˣ˵ֵܳõȼȥǲģȷڿҲˣĳֻأɣ
Ҷ˼ƮʱͻȻýŵºͷһһѷ죬ţɽѷС
УѷȻպˣ
һ֮ҶϳһƬããĵطռƻ֮һ㣬ĿҲֻܿʮ֮ڵ״ҶΪ˲鿴ռǷгڣͱĿͨģȥ̽ܣǸʿŻеһֹ۲췽ʽôۿĵطǽǶܹ۲쵽ȻͨȽһֻиԺ󣬷ܴ󵨵ʹˣ
ҶҲǱûˣͻȻôããĿռ䣬ֲ·عֻܾ͵شͨۿ
Ҷɢͨ۲ܵʱͻȻռ¡¡һ죬һſռҶϴæͨת׼ĵطһһ˴ӿռ䶥˽صʱһ죬ţվˣ
Ǹˣ㹻׸ߣӿ࣬һֻԴһСôĿ˸ĹâվҶ߱ˣÿ̤һһ䡭䡭
ҶôôЩأȻȫ㣬Ȼ˺ۣǣϵˮݣѵǱˮ˵ĸ󡣿
Ҷ뵽ˣ𾪣ײ˹ˣҲͰˣһӶݣڳ˾ûʲôֲûʲôֵ𾪵ˣǣûǸˣͺ͸һģһ
˴ź¡¡ĽŲһɱѾҶһ׵ĵطˣ
Ҷ϶˵վܣҲܹ˼ˣҸһֱԼҲûײϻأûлأĿ꣬ѾԼ
ҶϱܵĹУԱߵʯ֮ߴȴҲûиܣ
Ҷ˿ҶϾѾ˶ˣǾ˾ֻʮˣ˵ʮ˾ֻƴӶݣܱ벻׷ϣ
ʯͷԶ˵ĽŲͻȻͣˣţ˺ȣҶϻͷֻץˣˡ
ҶһҲֻǼ˾ץ
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룬ڵ취һ˫ë֣ǴӰģ˭н׵ڰ⻹ץһܣ
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180 
ֻͷҶһ죬ڿùͷ֮ҶϲĵˣŶӣҴҵﵽһȥˣ
ߵͬʱҶĿȴûɨһץĹһۣĵĸоˣΪǰһֻɣë׵צӣǴצӣ
ҶĿĶźɣľ֣˭
⻰ʳ֮ҶԼͱԼˣȻһֻ˵Ƕţˡֻǣ˵껰ʱֻȴһĿ˸һƬʯ֣
ҶɷǺ棬˳źɵĿȥһλŮվʯ֮ߵһʯϣĿ⾼񣺡ôɾ㣬㻹ҪɱⲻǶô
ҶסˣŮӣˣѩ̿İɣˣܻӳָɽŮӾģ
ѧ£ҶƳһŮӣ
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ԭŮҶϸղžȵģ֮ǰŮӲлӣҶ϶Ҳûʲôˣ
ŮӻǺܲģӯһֻһ㣬䵽Ҷϵߣλ磬Ҽҵʱ򣬻ӵģôŧˣɣûлڼ̫ˣ
ⲻǾʱ򷢹̫ˣ˥Ҷϻһ䣡
˥Ůߴһ䣬ˣν˥éɽе˼ǳ˵ˣҶǸǷı飬ȳˣ֪е˼ˣ
ôĬһŮ˵ˣΪʲô
ҶƳһŮӣⲻŷϻôʵЩмش𣬵ɨһЩߴŮӣЩԻˣƮŮӣô崿ģѵͯŮ
뵽⣬Ҷ϶࿴ŮӣŮӱµĹò̸ǣȴ㵹ٷ֮ʮϵˣòǴ֣ǰʮ֣
ǣҶҪעȴԶԶŮӵòǸһǲͯŮϢӣʲôҲûиܵŮӣҶϳȵţʱǲ֪ˣ
ҶߴѵͯŮ
뵽ҶͻȻʶһ⣬òԼ˼ôԽԽˣ˼⣬ŮӣʵǸ
׿Ҷǵ椺ʲôˣϸ֪֮ˣǵĹģأ
ʵҶʵǷϻˣҲ˵Ůӵ⣬Ƿϻ⣬ﲻǵĹѵǿְ
ѰʦġǰʦػĹѶŮӻص
ʦػĹҶͻȻ˸սػĹʱ򣬿һ֣ѵλŮӵʦµġ
֪ߵʱ˵ȥػĹҪҺúȻˣʱһС֪ػĹʲô˵ػĹҪھҾˡŮգ۾̸Щ£ŮӾͲںˣ
ʦ˭ҶϼŮ֪Ĳ࣬Ҳǰʣӭһ䡣
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ǰҾ108㿴éɽŽָŮ˵ţʹӿڴóһµĺӣ򿪺ӣһֻϵָ
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ͻȻҶһˣʵǸʶô
ҶϡؼǵãһμǼһ˵Լ109ӣѵСǰʦ
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ôҽС࣬ԺСӾСŮգ۾ص
ҶͻȻһֻȻڡӴ桷֮гֵģǣǰλС࣬òҲһֻɣ
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˺һӣҲˣŮӾҶϣϸ磬ôȥ
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181 Ϲ
û˵仰˾ͳˣһγֵģǸһεӣһΣӵĿֱ꣬ӾǶˣһֵڣûб
ҶȻվСְ࣬ɣ
˻һղŻߣӵŮӣɫվðһľľһָǰСڣߣ
СŮӵ˵ղŻ죬һսٻغϵСڣ˵ͷܣ
Сڵٶʵˣͳ˺ӰԶˣСɨһҶϣϸ磬ߣ
ҶԣȻת̤ſܷˣȻһֻԶޣȻδΪɼԣֻҪҶ϶׷ռ䣬ܳͨ裡
СڹٶȣоḻҶϣһʱҲûסŸͺͶδصСһֱײٶȴǳĿ죡
˴žȦȦȦһתһתһתͻȻ֮䣬ҶϾԼ˺˷Աˣŷɴ̫أ
ȴĿĵģÿһηУҪһԶ׷ǵĻᣬվˣ˽ˣͻȻɿˣԶԶˣٶˣңмļʱƵ൱ãһģٸʧ;˾ˣ
УĸСʱʱ䣬󣬾ڳסˣٶԽԽԽԽ
ҶĿĴﵽˣʱ죬ͣˣС࣬㹥ҹңСʱӶݵ׼
ҶϸշԸ꣬һⲽɱ˾ˡʱľˣտʼİȻ޴棬Щήɫ̫࣬ˣ
ССߴ˼䣬Сڷ˾ˣǣûмŹھ˵ͷһ˵ѹУԶԶԽֱӹҲսһֻ֣ҪСڲ˾ҪȥСڣʤĸʻͻȻ
СҲ֪˲ǹͽľˣֱһѵӾɱ˾ˣ
ǣҲȷĲһ㣬һɵΧ֮£ȻܴУԾԵͣסҶ϶˵棬ȻкõսԣʵǺҪģ
ʮӣҶڿ˵жԽԽʱˣҶͻȻһ
СҶϵ˼һ˵˼ʱͷСͻȻһһսľˣԶ̧ͷһա
ҶϼˣЯϣŹݺݵزһӽȥ
໡˳ʹһƻҶϣ˵ǳĴһƾͽҶȳ׶ľ롣
ͬʱССڼͬʱɱˣСںСӭƣȥСĶˣСҲֻ̳ˣ
Ҳʱ򣬸˾˴ϢĻᣬҲսֻץסͷգʹһ˺ռһŰײ˼һ㣬¶һѪɫĿռ䡣
һ̤ռѷ죬žͲˣ
ҶĿ˸һС࣬٣
Сһָѷ죺Сڣȥ
⻰˵꣬Сھһӣ˿ռѷˣСȥ֮ѷ켱
Ҷһ־Сֱ࣬ռѷ죬һ֮󣬾ڿռѷոںϵһ̣ҶϱС࣬ɹõĿռ䡣
Ҷϣ˴ѷһ̣ȫȫɵˣǰһƬѪɫ磬һһ׸ߵܣʿеĽ˵ߣˣ
Щ˶ɵĶڵϣͬķĿգ
Ҷһ̤УЩʿֻɨһۣľȴͷҶ̧ͷһϤҳ޵ӣ
Ϲ֡Ҷϱ
ԭսһ۾ܿȻȻҶϵĴ˺Ϲ֣ʲô
һҶЯϣҪӽһһһʲôɣȻѶԸˡ
ԣʱɱ˺Ϲ֣ǾԵǧѷĻᣡ
ʶҶһΣٹ˼ʲô·ЯϣֱӴĺϹ֣
ǣҶϽڳʮңǰֻˣסҶϵȥ·ֻˣǸӣҶ׼ӲͺֻĶˣ
ͬʱϵС࣬ͻȻһʦʦ
ţһλͷӣͷӺһڱĿ
Сĳ嵽ߵǰʱͻȻ۾˵еĴ򶷳棬ͷһ֣оâ˸ƹҶֻ˴ܣֱϹ֣
ֻǣ嵽ϹֵĲӸʱϹͻȻˣаȥ
⻰һ˵꣬Ϲ־ͷӴһͷӾ⵽һ㣬һкУ˵ˣ
ϹֿЦˡ
϶ԭһֱţͷСĲվ
ԴǰˣҾһֱţ۲Ķ򣿡Ϲֻص
ôŵһЩ˵Ҷһվ˰⣬ĿϼһִֻҲٹˣҶлŪŵˡ
ԭϹ־Ȼ֮εģһ꣬һ꣬㹻ҶʱԸˡ
ʮǰϹ־ͺʮĹŶػĹǣϹڹײ˻أһӶݣԼǰȡġ
ǵһػĹڹ֮ˣʮλĹֻкϹһ˻ңĹѨУתͶ̥
Ϲǿͨ󽫵ˣӴˣһ˯ضʮʱ䣬ֱʮСʦéɽʿУñոѲõĺϹܻˡ䷨Ȼħūȥĺܶ飬Ҳǲˡ
Ӵ˺ʿͱūۣû˼ʬ⣬ʿˣҲͿʼ߻յ֮ˣ
ҵҪлл㣬㣬ô˽ػĹƽĹأϹִЦ
ԭػĹµķ֣ϢСʦųȥģΪľʿȻʿˣһʡáΪ˻뿪ʿ˾ˣ۰κһ
ҶϿģĿǰڵϴЩʿˣ˺Ϲϵһֽƣ֮ǰֻ壬ͬ˽ƣĿǰС
ҶںЩϢʱ򣬺ϹͻȻҶϣҶϣмˡ
仰ǿҵļζĴҲ˺Ϲֵһֻǣûʵˣ
ǾҶϴڴͬʱһɱ˺Ϲ֣
ҶϱһҵʱͻȻͣס˽Ųһ˲ˣʹǰһˣ
ĭҶϲͻȻҶǰĭһ
˭֪ĭûһѴ󵶣ֱҶϡ


182 
Ҷסˣôĭ֣ǲܵ飬ֻǣһĭƹһĵڣѾٽҶϡ
еĵӣâһ׼ҶϵظҲ˵һǴ̽Ҷϵ壬Ҷʮа˾žͻ𻵶
ǣ㵶ѾλεشˣҶȴһԽĶĭ㲻ᡭ
ȻҶ仰û˵꣬оǰһһ̽ȥˣһ̣˺˺ʱ̱ڵˣ
Сɨһߣĭޱ飬һξ˵ӣָһָɣСڣȥ
ɾһ磬һ֮£첲Ҷϵļϣ֮һҷĭӭ濳ĵӣ˵ϣðһ𻨣
С˫ȭһֻȭôĭĶϣĭ˳ȥʮ֮ʱ֮䣬һ̲ʺѪΡ
ĭͷһԼӣͻȻӦӦ㺦Լĺӡ
ֻǣЩҶѾˣʱΣʶѾȫģˣ
СڣߣС˵꣬ʦ
Сֻצӣ̽ҶϵǣԶˣСʦСڿ񱼶ȥ˽ƵЩʿУͨǿ֮ˣһɱȥ
ҶϷǱ֮еķצץˣɨһŵʮλʿĿԴһƬҡԼԼֻǵСھĭȥˣǷ񰲺ãѾҶϿˣ
ⱲӶټˣҲˣܽ뿪ػĹģһٺĭκεĹϵ
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ҶͻȻ˱Ӱ죬ȻŸ֣ʶĸод󺧣æվСһСֻͷߡ
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ߡҶһʵĭ͹ֵʱҶϾ뵽Ϲˣͷֵ߳٣ֵʱϾ͹ŸߣԾԵʵҽĹأ
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СҶϵĺȣҶϸ£æתͬʱһ佫Ҷϵ֮С
ҶһǱʶķɣ׵Ļˣ

Ҳ֪˶ãҶԺ۾ԼһϵķУû⣬ȴһյܴ۵ĵƣڸոѵȫȻ۾
Ҷϱ۾һλ۾ʱ򣬼һ˫ˮܵĿ⣬עҶϣϸ磬ˣ
ҶԻԴ֮ǰ飬ҲǰŮӣС࡭ӳȥˣ
Сոջ˷ܵı飬һˣһۣѾˣܶǺ߲ȥ
ǡҶԻܣղŴ۵յƣȻ͵ƣͻȻˡ
ػĹڹ֮С޽ʱסˣд̡С͵
ԭҶε֮С鼱֮£ͽԼѪҺѪҺһѪףˣѪںһʵѪͬСһӣԼһѪܸƣѪҺעҶϵѪУҶϲŵԸ
ô˵һˣҶлС֮󣬴Ȥ
СһЦͯδϣһһЦݣɲأôһ磬Ҳڡ
С˵Ͳ˵ȥˣŴ⣺ֻĽػĹҪʲô鱦ҩǡ
ô౦ҶЦʵ
ǰаûأһЩͿֵǵϡ䱦иָıʯΣʧĹҪʲôСһ㣬ʦƿռУѾ뿪ˣ
Ҫ뿪˵һȥһԴܳǣһǳˣҶϻֵķ֣ؿڵ˿ڣѾȫˣֻǣһЩʹڣ
ġǺǡϸ磬ôԭز¶֮˿ڸԭǸڵĸ˰ɣ˵УС;Ҷϣͺһλǰһݣ
ţոͻƣˣҿҲͯƿ˰ɣԺлҰͻơҶ˵ţװ·
𣿡СԸͻƣ˵жˡ
ô˷ܣҲĹȻбҵͣö࡭ҶĿ˸ĶС࣡
˵ֻҪܰͻͯڣһ̸ܶéɽСӦ
ҶһڵéɽڴӦˣеġéɽСӣѾ⣬ܶ޶İ汾ˣɾ˺ܶණѾܺڵéɽᲢˣ


183 ʼʺ
ҶϺСŮСһɢеƣվһ̵ûƫˣûд࣬ȻûĿǰҶˣ
ȻѾȥˣȻѾ˰ģǣܾпտյظоܾһеĳЩҶϽ߾ȫЩ죡
ǣһԵС࣬кܶ벻ͨˣҶˣصӣʱǸʵʵ˵ģ󺺣ʮӽˡ
ȻΪʲôںһμܣڶǰӣѵľôһԣҶ˵ﲻΪ˵ҲѰ˵İɣ
ѰˣǸ˻˭
ǸеŮˣСͻȻ
ʲô˵ʲôҶʰָĲʱ򣬾ҪѰҳ·һ뿪طǣҵ˻ܶأ˼˪ӣǲһֱ⣬һëҲˣȥˣЩ˽ƵУ᲻
ǴһŮˣˣɲСĻĶˣϣ°ɣȻЭаʿ񼫣Ǻվ޹İСգ۾ص
˵ʲô˵ĭˣҶϼϢ㹻ˡ
ûĭֺиԡ磬ʶСЦǺǵʵ
ҶԺһγǸΣǸʱţȻûʧԽԽˣѵģ
뵽ˣҶͻȻҪؽ֮أа취
ȥСΪԼˡ
ţҪȥҶظһ顣
ǡ
С࣬ƽδ򿪿ռѷ죿ҶϽʵ
ҲᰡʦҲˣҲҲһûްСƲƲ죬ص
ʱҶϼˣ䣬ſץһֻ蹷һлڳ١裬̵ģռѷ죬򿪣򿪡
СҶ˷Ӧüͷһǰģк£ԶԶš
Ҷ϶ſֱĸСʱǣûۣԽԽˣСվᱳʹ̲ס˵ϸ磬㲻ҪéɽмأҲǰ취
С⻰˵꣬ҶͣٶȷɿıСߣҡȥƽ֮
˵ţͽС౧˷УСϾСֲ£ŵöҶֻǣɫȴ˺ˣ
ӣҶϽСڴϣƱ˵ſ֮ϣȻûнӴȴҲôˣСࣺҡéɽҡéɽ
Сæóһ鼮ҶϣǡéɽôˣҺ𣿡
ҶϼéɽͶ˹һͷУҲ˵ˡ
ȥˣ죬Ҷ̧ͷûС
ʱѾȫָǣֻǣеʧ䣬һԵС࣬Ҳһ󷢺
С࣬߰ɣҶϻ˵
ߣȥСҶ˵ˣæӦ
޾֮·ȥѰҳڣҶ˵
˾ʹ;λõػĹСƳһۣϸ磬ȥ
ǺǺǡЩǣǻ뿪ɣҶϻص
Сգ۾Ȼ⻹ǵһμǮ
ʵɣҶҲһҲҪֻһͿټϴ˵ػأһΪǮ֮˻Уʵǲˣ
ǣ뿪ʱĿռͻȻһѷ죬ѷ֮һ˫Ŀ⣬ĶԶȥ
Ҷ϶ڹ֮УһһҹʼĹÿ䶼̤ˣҲڣ֮׼˵һƬءʼĹң
ʼĹңĹĹɣĹ޽ĹԺʮĹѨǰϽͬµģаĽ֮У
Ҷ϶˲ҴŶ룬ϰףŽĶǴ󳼣ĹѨʲô󳼣ԣǵ·ضǻأ֮󣬾ͷǽ˺󹬣Ҫ󹬣ʼĹѨ
󹬵ǽĸߣκεطҪ߳ܶ࣬ҶĿ˸һǹŴϰװɣʼʵº󹬺ӳǽͽǽıκεطʵ߳һ׶࣡
Ǹ鷳ˣҶֱɵķԽȥСһλʿṦ࣬ѹϲǽ
ҶƳһС࣬ЦǲÿŮشԣǻһֻô
СڡˣôأСȻһóһָֻĬһһӰӴָƮ˳صʱ򣬱ֻһ˸ߵ͵ĺɣ
ҶͻȻԼҲӡһֻ꣬ʹæз˳Ѿܾûйۿзˡ
Ҷó֮󣬸оһǿϢˣĹѨ
ϸ磬ʲôոմСϿС࣬ܵǿϢѹȣоЩ
Ҷͨȥ̽зͶһзɷѾȫˣǺǣѾںϽ˱ˣ
ţⱦǰӦɱ˰ɣȻѾסɷǣɷɴڡС಻ڵéɽ֮ˣ֪ľǱҶ϶࣡
Ҷϵ˵ͷͽ߰ɣȥʼĹ
˴һȣ˺󹬣ʼʵĺ󹬣ǲͬ죬޽ĺ󹬣ǷǳӴ󣬺󹬽԰ƣǶԳƵĺԺʽǽĶ֮
˸ո̤󹬴Ժһ쬵ķ紵ǽϷͭ˼ͬʱľ֣Ҫ˵˵רҵˮƽˣƾֱ֪ණˣػĹص£ʲô磬з磬Ȼˣ
ڶ˾ܵʱ򣬺󹬴Զˣǣȴ˽˽ŲĽŲֽŲҶһҲİͺ;ѵܲ·ʱһ
ҶһοͨĿͻȻ𾪵ĶŴŽһǽǽ߹һ֧ӴĶ飬֮Уûһλжʮ꣬ʮͷСѾͷų˳ض飬ڻ
ҲˣСජһǽ
ˣʼʵĺ󹬣ǻǾ뿪ɣֻҪǲΪУǻΪ͵ûпҶһԭ򣬹
Сͷľһ·Сܣֱŷ
ֻǣǿЩŮʮа˾ŶĹŮȻᣬ֪жԹңЩԽܵıǣػĹõ޷죬Уͨ಻ܴǽڣ߳ػĹͶ̥ת
νԹϼԹʱ˽ܷŹô
Ȼſڵʱ򣬴ͻȻرˣţĿһֻ˴Ժ֮С
ϸ磬Ǻ߲ˣСĵ˵
ţǽɡҶ˵ţǽȥ
ȥʱ򣬿ģȴǽڽسˣȻͶķһ𣬺󹬾һΨһĳ·ˣ


184 Ѹ
þսҶϣѾΪЩȾˣһЦת˵СĪ£ǣ
Ȼ˵껰ȴСĻشһȥСȻվߣֻǣ۾ԲĹĵģˣĿһ
Ҷ¼ˣСʲôȻŸʿšܣûпʲôôˣСļ򣺡£ûµİ
СĿһֱͻȻһУľأŵԶԶرˣ
Ҷϲ⣬ôԼųǸˣѵԼʲôˣͷһӣסˣϵ·˾֮Ļۡ
ͻȻͷһñأĿһƲͷмƮ
ȵʱǰ˼ʮֻŮڵϣū澲μʼʵۣ
ҶϻȻѹָղŵСˣԭԼ˾֮ʼʵۣҲ̫Ļ˰ɣ
ֻǣʵЩӶɵĺһ㣬ͷҲ̧Ҷһ˲ĳ֮󣬾̹ȻЦˣȻʼˣٵȨЩİɣǴһڰƽ
лʼʵۣЩŮһվˣųĶӣʱҶϲſΪ׵ļλŮˣȷ绨񣬾֮ܺǰĳ㡰
ЩŮӶûֵ̫ģ˵Ůӣ۸ıҲֻƳܵӰˣųֵΪػǸִ˵ࡣ
ҶϷԼ˼̫ܵԶˣæջǰȻʮˣȴһܴҶϳʹģ̾һԶķ򣺡һŮȥˣ
ʼʵ۵Ļʺװ磬ԵȣΪ׵һλòŮӻص
ʺ󣿡ҶϾͲûѵĲСҲˣ
ҶϺɵʱԶ̫ʺݵ
ࣿҶͻȻһˣǱǰĹѸ壬˺ʼ֮䣬һ΢ĹϵԿʼʱʼҪ޽ĹҪĵɰұˮʱȫɰأһǰͿĴһԽ㶫һѸƿصľͿɰĿȨʼʵĹдʹɵɰˮĿĲӪֺˮһص۹ĽͼбʬԸˮжҲԷֹĹַ
ɰĲأ԰ͿĽɽҲͳʼ赤ɰҪṩߡ
ԹѸļУңƳҩʼʵȥݷù壬ˣ֮Ĺϵ˭Ҳ˵ˡ
֮ʱʼ˵ಡһּ˵޳ǣṩɰĹطΪ긾گ빬סꡣ
ʼʴһ׳۵լԺŮ˽չˡʱʱɵ֮볤֮峣˵ҪǻԵǳģʼʵĳԲ˵ֻǻԵδһɵɡ
岡𻯷ʼʰԸ˻ļ磬ڳɽկͿһߴļ̨д˱
ڵĻʺࡱǡ塱ǡࡱС໹ǹѸ壬ˣ
ҶϺʱ򣬼λ̧ŽˣӾԶԶؾͣһλŮҶһģȻС࣬ͰˣһȷСû£СɻʺʵҲ̫ίǧϹɷްɣ
뷨ð֮ҶϾˣʲôʱ򣬲淨ߣڿЩĵ⣬ǾһС࣡
С·ʱ򣬼ȽڲҶϾ֪һûбסֻܵ˾ţһӼҶϱʼˣʵˣԼҲȳ˻ʺеĿ־壬֪
СķӦὫԼҲ˰ɣҶţһԼʱˣĺ룬Ǳˣѹָղˣ
Ҷֻܰ̾һڲǽ͵ʱ跨뿪ǣ
С൨ӵҶϵߣĿ֮Уǿ־壬ûһɫ
ʼʵۣƼʺйһλ̫Ц˵
ҶһץС࣬Ⱥ֮УֱŷڱܵʱС໹֪ҶϣЩأֻǣͷ˵һ䣺Ҷϣ
С⻰ٶȻˣһǰһ󣬳˴ſڣ
Ҷɨһˣ𣺡ţ
ʱȺдһЦŮӵ
Ҷ˳Цȥһλϸ˴з˳ˣһԺʮĻʵۣΪβ
⻰ñ׼Ĵ˵ģһӴӵĺˬ֮硣
ЩŮλˣ˵һܵıȺӻ죿
Ҷסˣϸ˭Ȼ˴
ӲŲϡЩŮأҶϵλϸˣôһϷλϸ˵ݵİɣ
㻹ӵ֪˼ǣ˭ɣҾ˼Ѹ塭ϸ˻ص
Ѹ壿Ҷϲᱼˣⶼʲô°
ǣͻȻһ£ѸᵽͿȥˣôʼĹУһǼٵģ
㲻ǹѸ壬˭ҶϾ
δ٣ԣҾ˼ͿĹѸ塭ϸ˵ţ߽Ҷϣ
Ҷϲ䣬˽ŲһˣسˣѵػĹдǧˣ
㡭ǹҶϵĶҲþˣ
˼ˣ˼Ī£Ҳ˺ǵġϸ˼ǰ
Ҷϼ˺󣬹ȻˣȴôˣֻҪˣѲɻ
뵽ˣҶϾʵѸ岻Ѿѵǧꣿ
ûǧˡϸ˼Ҷ϶һֱһľ룬ͣ˽ŲŶˣ̾һ
λϸ˵ļʼ׷һֱгҩȷƳ˳ҩֻҽʼʵۣһҩҪ˯ʮ죬˯ʱ򣬺һʮ֮󣬱Ḵһһʼʵ۳˯ʮ죬һΪɱʼʵۣһ߱
²ˣ곤ʼʵۺܶ꣬ʼʵ۶ȥȻ徵ʱѪҩʼʵۣǣǸʱʼʵۣȴҩǿˣ
ǣû˯ʮ֮󣬸ˣӹײ˷ܵȥʼʣǣ·ǡˣȥ˻𸾣һɽͷϴضʮ꣬ˡ
ȻǸʱʼѾˣɽػĹĻıǣضһͳػʰҵˣ
Ļ֮ػĹ
Ҷ϶£ֻܰ̾ʼʵ׷˰뱲ӵĳȴùѸ峤ˣ컯Ū˰
ϧ֮࣬ҶͻȻ˷ܵʵǰô˵Ӧ֪ػĹγ԰ɣ


185 ط֮
ѸĻǺĵģҶ֮࣬뵽ıǹѸܽػĹܻǧ꣬һ֪ķû˱ػĹˣ
СӣػĹƵ˼ʱѾеĴ֣ڣһԣ߲ȥѸ廹һڱ׼ĴþʷıǨЩڻЩģ
Ҷھʱ̵ֵܾǰһˣԴİԣѸĻһЩãǰϵҲʹ֪˼ˣ
һأҶЦЦʵ
Сӣһ˼ģΪĹʼĹѸԥıܾˣ
ҶһĿݣΪأ˼ҵһϷССǣ֮Ļر뿪뷨ģ
㣬Ҫȥء㣬ͿҰɣҼлʮĸסС˵ĶԻ֮ͻȻ
˭֪ѸӲԣһֻҪҹѸһ죬ͲκƻĹ
ðɣǰôܲȥ֮أҶ˶Σ㲻̰ƣ̰ɫķϣҵ˼Ըȥӣƣ֮أǣֻǣҪ֮أĿǰΣյĵطǰڽ֮һӹ˼Ѹص
Ǿͷǰˣȥ֮ءҶϼæص
СŮӣȥȥ֮أѸ彫ĿͶСࡣ
ȥȥС༱æص
֮󣬹ѸʹȥһĵطСӣ㲻İɣȥ˼֮ǰȥգҪȥȣͻ㡭ȺΪ֮
˵ţѸ彫Ҷ϶ֱƽƬ֮أոһ̤룬¡¡ĽŲŲҶϲİǱ۾Ҳ֪Ǿˣ
ȻƬ̣׷λǳʿڻռзɱţкܶľ˳ˣʮֻң֮Щ׷ˣֻͽĿҶϵϣ
Ҷ϶˹Ȼܱܻܻ֮֮أȻˣ˵һν֮صľ飬Ͳûлˣ
׷׷Сڻ֮أ;ٶȴƴһҵľˣСڷٶȣǺֲܿˣһҶϺСմСڵĹ⣬Ϸˣ˲پˣ
ȻǵĿĲϷˣˣĿһֱܣڼһλʿˣֻΧ֮£˳ܻˡ
СһָץʿľˣСڼ׷ȥСڵ˸ʱ򣬾˺˿ռѷ죡Ҷ϶ٶȷɿ죬ھȥ֮ǰһͷײ˻ռ䣡
˽ȥ֮һγֵλãǺϹ󣬼Ͼ׷ɱЩӶݵʿȽңԣҶ϶˾ĵزˣ
˲غΣȷᱻ֮Ź۲ѾƵʿһҶϲ˳ȥΪë£˪Ӻ˼ĿǰȺжš
ǺźҶϺˣȴӰӶûУźͬʱҶвòϣһηӵˣҪˣ
Ȼͬʱ뵽ˣʲôã߲֮أ߳ȥҲ벻ػĹĽּȫһˣ
ָоŽʧˣһеŬͽͣ
Ҷϰ̾һȻҪβĺңαҪǽأȴˣѾΪĭ嶯ˣ
ƥӻˣҶͻȻվĿᶨ˽֮ء
СͻȻҶϳȥˣȴѾˣֻ۰Ͱ͵ҪʲôʦЩȺУֻ׶༪ˣ
Ҷϵĳ֣˺ܶˣһֵȻ֮ǰҶ϶ߵʿȻΪ𾪵ģĪںϹ֣Ȼǿ˵޵УȻֻܰѽƿƣܶ౾ȻʹҲɱһҶϱһֻҪ򵥵Ķ࣬ôͲˣСѵĲ˵ҵƽ֮ˣ
˪ҶϵȻ̧ͷһҶϣЦˣУҶϾܵû첻ɵ£
΢һ룬࿴ˣӵķӦǿˣȺ˼£ʦҰʦɱֻϹ
˼෢ˣѵðΣˣһ̣ԼҸˣȻ಻üöŵ壬Ҷðȣֵˣ
ëҧ촽ҡҡͷ̫ˣ
ҶЦЦվӴĺϹ֮ǰҶ˵壬ϹǰԵ΢ˣ
ƥĭأҶߣָ߱ӣ
һ֣벻ͬǣвò˵ľ˼΢΢һѾƭԼˣǣʵ֤ҶϽػĹȴΪĭңô¸ңվԲΪʵƼҹլҶĭͬǣǸʱֱ͸ҶϰĭȻ̲סİ
һݸõĲǣҶھŹ֮Уˣһֹϵĵһζˣ
һŮӣһֱ֪жкע⣬ǣûкͱĸӵһ䣬һѰһҹ飬Ӹ磬ҹꡭ
ũ峤ģ˼ɺܱأһֱΪĳҹδɷģҶϣ֪Ҷϲĭʱ򣬾ûֹϵ
ǣһжҶϴƵġ
ʹˣȥǲĤʱӵۣһĵۣЩһ˲䣬Դ죬ǰˣǰ£ͺͷӰһ㣬Ҳ֪ˣ
Ψһǵõǣˣ䵽УѵӴĿڣ׵ˣ
ҶϣϷ޸ŹλŮȺź㣬ѵøмϷôϹֿЦˣ
λŮź򡭡ͻȻҶԴըһ㣬һλ˼ǵãһλأĭԣһĭŹ󾿾ʲô£ĭʧٵģΪʲôĭ˫峺ĿͫˣΪʲôĭӴ˲Ҷʱ޵񣬾Ϊʲô
벻ˣûϵҲ㣬ͺߵλŮ˷˹ϵ˼ĭɶŮϹּ˵
ҶһԼƽΪʲôҪʲôô
ôҶϣҾ㺦ӲܰѽƣӲܳɣдݻӵӤҺֹӳЩ㹻һٴΣһǧˡǣҪ㣬ˡĻϹֽŻص
ӤҺȷһٵģǣҺ㲻ܰѽƣܳɣǴӺ˵𣿡Ҷѹеķŭ𾪣ص


186 ɻ
㲻Ƽʩĵʿ˰ɣҵͽܣһͽҲˣеͽܣкһǧ˰ٸ޵ȻˣۻˣҲûˣӶ˵γ񡭡겻ܳν⿪ϵĽơϹ˵ˣһĨɱ֣۾øӵĳˣͺҪγѪˡ
βɴɱңѵһžôôҶϷʵͬʱеһŽ⿪ˣµûдϹֵȷƼҵйϵ
ʲôᣬҩˣռɻҩЧͷ㻹Ҫ뿪طϹ˵Ц
ɻʣŵɫˣνɻɹ꣬ɳһֹֹһ䣬ǻĴڡ
éɽʷмأʱһֻɻÿһ䣬ͻ䣬˵꣬ĹУʵֻ᲻ϵسɳѭڶ̶̵ʱ䣬ɻʵʵˣΪ֣δʱͨڵʿδܽǳ֣ͨĩڵʿҲ
ֻɻǳʿʩޣһѪģʩ޾ǽĺӵǻĲϣǰҸĵ֮ͽ޵Ʒֱ׸ɻˡ
һɻ˵ʿ֮Ҫ֪ǸϹħʱԶаֵǣոսãû𵽸еãԣǸʱʿһһͨߣȻᣬôʿͻƸڣͨڵģһ˵
ñɣΪһ֮˽Ȼ˲кµа֮ëͻȻȺб˳ָӴ壬
󱲣ӶԴʸ񣬽ˣһҲ뿪Ϲߵ
⻰˵꣬ղŻûټʮֻˣһĿռѷ˽ƿռ䣬Χסˣӻǵļ˽վ˺Ϲֵļϣ
˴СվļϣȻֻܺĶһߣֻ֪ѾӴʲô̶ˣ
ʿܿ־壬ɻĳ֣˵ȻսҪˣһëվ˳Эֻ֣
ֻǣЩһҲвϹ֣ЦˣҶϣĭɱЩʿӺѪ
ʵһδػĹгҩ֣ǺϹֵڽϷŷЩʿĿľǰһֽƣ̶ѪѪ̲壬Դӳ֮أ
һ˲䣬Ҷһ⣬ϹֺǣȴɱΪ˲裬Ŀǰɻڻ֮أ˵ûɣҪṩ裬ߣĭĿľҶһ췢ĿڹҩһĭϹԼҶϵһöӣûһöӣϹҲޱĽ˵
ҲɱĭҶߣһЦҪĭ
ĭ⻹򵥣ɱǣҾϹЦ
ҶƳһϹˣϼһﹻݣȻ֣ȴüˣ˵棬ڴˣɱֻҪˣĭԼˣĭû뿪֮أпܺ͵һ˺ϹֵĶУ
뵽ˣҶ϶˵ľĿ꣬˲ɱȥ
һĨЦ֪˵ţӲмһ˵ӣϵĵͻȻԾǿƵĹʽһȭӭһȭƼ򵥣ȴԷһֻȭͷ㹻һţСҶϵͷֱ¡
ҶϼĹʽ͸ˣȻȭͷôѾڱ˵ߣ±߸СԷȻȻǰҶ㹻ٶȡ
ʱҶϵӰӣһӰŵȥɵȻǸԼȡôһʱ䣬ĹУ֪ʱѾһصʱͻȻһһ
ȭͷҶϵʱȴͻȻͣˣűȭΪצӣֻצͷ
ҶѾȥĽȴҲڿж˶٣һȻ˵ӣϹҪͲȭΪצˣֻǣİҲͼˡ
ǰողŵĹҶȷţһҪɵطֻ֣ڻ᲻˵ӣͺ˵ˣϾ֮зδʹãΣ˭Ҳ˵ϣ
ѣҶϷһ̶ֱԷģ
ʿ̫ˣѾμսϢνӣʶˣ˵Ϲֹעһз̶ֱ̼Էġ
ۡ
һ쳤һţСģۿɼٶȣһӣţѪɫ󣬲ſһֻͷһӣֻ޴ֱˣ
ӳֵʱȫѪΣһֻѪԵˣզ֮£ͰƤһ
ʦӼʦѪˣһֱӻӭɱһֻȻԴӵĵ֮󣬻ѾˣȻһһֻˣ
񹦣ʿĽʱôˣҶϣ˪ˣССͣսʱĵУ飬һЩʿһв֪ɷ˶ˣ
ֻǣϲ͵ӣγûں˵ĿֱҶϣܵʱ򣬽£ģðһл˸
ֻѪ˳ֻ֮΢΢ضһ£űһӣһ㣬бļ
ͣ
һ죬һˣûľһĸ첲Ӽˣ
ʱϹֱŭһֺֻɨոնһ첲ҶϣûĻᣬͱһֻɨˣƽ׳ȥ
ѾٶˣȴһӾ˺ܶսѾڱȽоˣ֪˵ʦǰҲ޲ǲٹעʦð̣ͬʱкϹֵȣ
壬Ƕģ壬屻գǺʹһ£ǻ𻹲һĻ𣬶ͨ
һΣϹҪ׷ɱҶϣȴôһ֣еʱȱֱӴ˹ȥͷҲնˣ
֨֨
Ϲֵͷһ̣ȴѵһͨ˵ϣ
ʦʱӲʱ䱼ҶϣֻǣûܳҶѾվһֻŸһ㣬һתĵ꣬ԱΪͷֱϹֵ꣡
ӷʦû£Ͱˣֻǣһʱ򣬱ϾǱǧʯˣ˲Եĺɳȥˣ


187 
ҶתķʽȥɱϹ֣Ҫһ̴Ϲֵ꣬һ̽ĭ᲻Ͳأ
ȻҶԱߵʱ򣬵꣬һȻܣܶȴܹҶˣ
һ̣漣ˣǸλãͻȻ˽ȥҶ౻սȥ֮䣬ֵ׶ýһˣ
ӴͷԵվһֻɱֻ͵ϮһðŻ棺㡭ɱ˵
˪ҶһͷУǱУҶϱӣУʵֹҶ£һԣűںϹֵĶУǺҸɱʲôأ
ҶϱһǿȥײͭǽһڲҶһģεˣͷײһټѪݣҶϲûзЯ̣һеڱϣ˱ײڵ
ҶͻȻ뵽һַͭǽڣĪ˷ˣȻǷǾͺ˵ˣƽ֮ķ
ʼûʱзͺ͹˹һҶȥˣ
յڵʱ˪ոճ֣ͱҶһײˣ

ڿУȥըתԶȥˡƮĽƿռ䣬ޣǲԶǽڣռΧΧĻȻֱӷһٶףûиͷǺѾ˵һȥһֱɵ֮ģ֮ǣ֮˭Ҳ˵յ㡣
ҶżʱһֻԱߣŶ˷ҶЦˣ˪Ŀɣ
˪һҶϵ˼׷ڿԼ塣ţɴŶ˼ս
ڻĹУСˣϸ磬ҿϹٻʲôǻ߰ɣ
Ҷֻ΢΢һüͷѪӤûг֣֮ǰë˵Ϲֹֻûг֣Ϲֵʵʵ˵ϣ֮ǰΪֻǺϹ֣ʵȻֻֻ֮꣬һĶ壬ı𣬽ء
һ˲Ҷһľʱλᣬһμʱֻʮ˸ͨʿ֮ܲ
ʲôʲôѪӤ֮ðˣ⻹ֹأֻʬսתҶһ˶ƣЩǿʵƽˣû߰˸غϣѪӤɱ䣬˲ʿԽɱˣҶϵһμʵʵʵˣһһλڵʿ͹ͷˣԷҺĻᣬ
ǿĹƣʿҲûмѪսˣһͷܣѪӤʬ׷ɱ
ϸ磬취뿪ɣԺеǻɱֻҪͲǣ˪ص
Ҷһ룬ȴҲˣǵ˼άȻ跨Ϊףɫռ䣬ó;ѪӤʬϣʮ˸ҶϣͬΪ
Ҷ뵽ˣ˾ģ͸Ͽ跨ߣϹһ֣һδ֪ҶһҲӳĭֻҪţϹҪ跨Ȼвأ
ֻγȥҶ̾һ
ʦڣ㻹ʲôСЦĻص
ʦû°ɣҶϼæʵ
û£װ˶УŵԱȫʦ˵֣ҲаʿĶ֣ǻǾ뿪ɣлᣬɱ˲٣Сص
˵䣬˾͵аʿˣСʦͲһ䣬һˣС˵߰ɣ
˵ţվҪȥ˺ռѷ죬Ҷϼæ˵ǰȵȣһͬڴˡ
ôһһ裬ȥЩʿ֣ϼһָսλʿ˵
ҶϸպƳһսһ˵Ѫ֮С
Ҷϰ̾һӣһսУ䵱˷ǳҪĽɫȥľˣʮа˾ŶɱģֻǣһٶȣѪӤϣʬĽթڸˡ
ӼҶ֣һҲѾûжˣֻɢһаŷɱҶߣ
ʦû°ɣ
ҶһůͷȻԼİΣԼĺͽܣĴмƳһӣ߰ɣг·ˣ
һг·ˣ˵رʦˣ
ҶϼæһƣȻЩʿڣǣ˼һֱںϹֵڻҳأ
˴Ҵұ˼֮ϣСǻϣ
ˣСʦһ
ˣǰʩɣҶϻص
ʱվſռ㼸£̶˫סһʹ˺һ϶ȥ
һٶȷɿ죬˿ռѷ죬һУҶϷгʼĹˣҺ֮ǰǳֵλò࣬һˮʣ
ҶϼæкҴϷߣһ֮Ҷӵļ򣺡չ˺ǣҲܻǾ跨뿪
ʱռѷгСʦһֻԴҶһƻȥˣ̶Լһռѷ죬̼䣬ѷ첻ˣػĹֻʣӣ˪˼Сˣ
ʦӲĶſУ
ʼջǷŲ¡˪ЦЦ
ʵ⻰˵ҶϷŲЩʿʮأָĭȻҲĭ
⻰˼ΪָĭҧѪΣһԲ
˵ҶϣһԾѷ֮У˵һ¾ǽСʦһԣۿſռѷʧЦǰĪڴ˵Ⱥȥǰɣˣǰٹܣȥǡллǰˣ
⻰˵꣬ҲͷʲôӦתͱս
һéɽƽ̣һСӡͷ̾ϢһȴҲûжֵ˼ͲȺˣ
˵ͷûһģǣÿһ˺ѿռ䣬ҪľųɵͨǲúûָСʱֻ֮ûл˺ˣ
ҶϽȺ֮һߴܣһ߽ԼĴŲ˵ëµȴ֮ˣëµĵؽҶϵ˼תˣһ˴ˣܿ촫飡
ʱֻųһ˰ԽγһߣϹȥƶĹУҶһ˶Ϻ󣬼˵ʱ֮ÿһУɽҶֻʬ
ʬǽھѪӤ͹֮ĴߣȾѪӤսȹ΢һ㣬һʱ֮䣬ѪӤҲֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŷ鳷ˣǰˣ


188 
ʱһֻɱˣܸǹҶȫСĴţһŲҪһԽҶϡ
ҶЦͬʱӭ˫ţһƣ
һȴţԵ΢ˣֻǣСܰɽȸСȫɲҪСһֻ֣ƻڽĵʱһðֻ̼һĺɫˣһɿζɢ
۵ĽţȥˣҶôǿĹһʱ֮䣬ˣ˵ŽҲôʿһۣͨǺƺƵ֮ɽ
Ҷһˣһʽ˿ռѷ죬Ҷһȥڽƿռʿȫˣ
ǣҶϺһܴĴЩǣػĹƸʿػĹ۾ԼػĹʱ򣬷ˣһػĹ
ҶϴһҪֹȴ˶ûУػĹˣ
СӣѾˣ跨뿪ɣͷҶϵļЩȥʿֱҡͷ
ҶϺˣ֪ôһȺֺ̰֮αðշһأë˼Ҷϵĺͣ½ŲεЦŻˣ
ǰβ߳ػĹҶ룬ѸܽǿĺϹ֣ЩʿҲûкϹֵʵ͵ɣ
뵽Ѹ壬ҶЩùѸ֪ģֻһŭ֮£Ƕ
Ϸ˼ػĹڻռҵ˻أֻǣڻռ䣬ﰡҪȥռ䣬͵þ֮ءͷӺ鼱֮£ܵʱˣ˵۾һˣ
֪һ·Ҷϻص
ԣʦҺͽϸǴռģС˵˵
²˳٣ںϹӦ벻ǳڻ֮أ跨׷ɱػĹǾ뿪ͷ˵꣬ߵƮУ
棬ڵʱ˴Ҵҵ׷ɺɴţ˻֮أ
Ҷһʧʱ򣬿ֻ޴ļһͨһػĹһֻҶʧĵطජۡ
ʹʱػĹ֮Уһֻһֻʬ˳˾ǰЩػĹȥˣ˹עҶϵʧĵطˣ
Ҷϵ˳ڻ֮أֱϹﶢϣͷһ·ɱͣ㣬ڰСʱ֮ϵ֮ͨ
ͣ½Ų˷ֲû˻߹׷ɱһ
ͷ˫ֺʮڿעһͨţǰÿռ䣬þâ
ھâ˸ͬʱһֻسսһĶ
ǣҶһ벻ܲȻ
Ǵ󣬺ϹֵĵǴģͷӻص
һжҶ϶ԣȻʣȴûʲôˣʲôþģ˼Ĺ˲֪ˣ䲻֪˾֪˶ٴˣ
ԣҶϿҲһͨ߰ˣ
СӶϹˣҲǲ˵ţƳһë¡
ԭë¼ɵˣǺģôһϹŴǳڵ㹻һСˣ
һϹħʱĽͨߣһֽ֮˲佫˻͵֮⣬ԶԺᴩһ򣡴󲻽ڸ˳УڴģӡʵĴ͡ظԿռϵˮΪħÿռ䴫д͡ռϵˮһ̷Ϊ󷨲֣һҪʱǶΪԴ֡
̤սһĴʱͷӴӿڴð˰˿űʯֱ𶪽˰˸Բε͸У
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תۼ䣬ˣ˻ھأһ΢紵ŷ֣һƬɳĮҲκζˣ
ôˣëǻڲ˼Ĵ֮У
Ҷ̧ͷּεգһ¸֮ҹܲʱĻѻ
λ뿪֮ǰҪ˴󣬲Ȼֻңһѽƣ½һƽ١ͷһǿգܾûмǿգûлɵܲ
ȵȣܻ٣Ҷϼæֹʵĭ͹һ𣬹ػĹĭضҲˣ
Сӣãͷ˵
ǣ߻ûгŰɣҶϻص
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ʦ˭߰Դ
˪ʾ֧Ҷϣ죬һҲˣ
ϸ磬ʦǺ⣬οŮӡС໰˵һ룬͵ͷˣ
ϣҾǰ˵Ǹû˴󣬽ЩֶȦڵ£˾Ͱȫˣ˼һ·û˵һҲ
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ֵܣҲ뷢ʲôҾĶǶԵģǸˣͬ˼ë˵
ʦһûдҲ޳ɣӸվҶϵӪ֮У
ͳƵĻҶһ˪ӺëˣҶˣһߣ˼ͷӺСˡ
СҡڲվӵʱվмλãȲԣҲ֧֡Ļ˵ϣҸͬʦǣ˷ǲľ飬ϣͬϸ˼ԣȨ
Ҳգһ٣Ҳ㲻ǣڴ֮ǰҪѪģôһ죬Ҫ컪ʿҲҪ˺Ϲ֣Լɻа֮ͷӶҶ˵
ҡ컪ʿұʾҸû⣬ǣʿƹܣҶϼæص
ҶϣĪҪǫ飬ѾˣһʿУΪģ㶼ǲѡߣӣ˪֣Ƕǻʿٮٮߡڼ֮ǰһֱСǻһţʵˣͷӻص
һϯҶϣ˪ӣǺõģ˭ϲǰ佱ңλǰɲ򵥣éɽڶᣡ
Ҷ룬ôһ죬ҲԼеһΣʹӦˣãôһ죬ԸĶŮ
Ѹ磬أСӦ£
ң˪
ң
ǶȥħˣҲ֣ëӦˣ


189 éɽ
¸ո̸ãҪСڴ·뿪׷
ʹʱҶϵĵ绰ˣһҶϾסˣ԰Ȼ˾绰Ǵ껴İɣʶ㣬סˣѵѾˣ绰ֻ״̬²ʹõİ
ϸ磬ĵ绰и԰Ȼ¼˹ΪȤĹСգ۾Ҷ˵
꣬绰ԣӦ˴İɣͷü
˪Ȼ֪Ҷһ绰аŵǹ绰Źأ
Ҷһٿ˿Լûڵģôܽӵ绰ˣ
Ȼûͨ˵ҶϾͰ˽
ϵܣȥˣм㣡ڵ绰ϼٵ˵
ȵȵȣΪʲôܽ绰ˣѵˣҶϾȵ绰һ£Ҷǲڹʲô¶ܽӵͽҶˡֻγδϣһˣϴһܴ绰ȣԶװҶϵİˣ
ë˾绰汾Ѿܺ˹ͨˣҪʿ˵ڿͨͨĵ绰ȿ֮ԽԽͨˣ껻ص
ҶЦѣˣȻ֪Լ˻ǻţǶ˰һԼЦŻص˵ʲô£
ҵ££Ѿ֪ɱ˺Ϲ֣ܷأ˵ʿ֤ˣЦŻص
ˣҶһȷˣĳ˻뿪ϣͻʾˡ
쵰ǵõʿ֤˰ɣʱҴɶɶ͸ˡ˵ţ
Ҷھ֮󣬹鸽˳̬Ȼõʿ֤һҶϹעǣԺܳͨˣҲؽ˾һ·Ǯˣ
õģʲôʱʿ֤ʲôʱҶʵ
Ѿʮ绰ˣ껻ص

˵̸˵ĶУ켫ˣéɽڵĺᣬͷʿ֤ʱεôһλéɽӣʹõʿ֤Ҳһǰģ˵ʮ꣬ûгһʿ֤Ҳ˵Ŀǰ׷޵ʿʮа˾Ŷʿ
Сӣõʿ֤ˣͷ̲ס棬ˣ
ûƻҪɣҶϻص
ͷĿȻ𾴣éɽʮ꣬ûõһʿ֤ýϺܶСɣаɵéɽһɵİѱ벻ǰλõˣϧéɽӰ
ĵӣԷѵô
ͷ뵽ˣЦǺǵʵСӣʦӦҲéɽһɵİɣ
ʦҶֱԶԣòûаݹʦĵУԼĥģ
ʦʦͨʿأӲ޽ĸʦ
Ŷô˵СûʦͷӼ׷ʵ
ҶԻˣͷһʿ֤̬ȱˣв뷨ɣҶϾɨһͷӣЦеĶԶ
СҲԻˣʦôˣûмʦУҶϵ񣬾ͺҶһ㣬۾Ҳգһ£
ʦ㡭ôˣС༱æǰ
СӣҿķԴéɽһɣéɽɰɣһӣéɽأÿѧһЩͷĿ˸ʵ
ҶϻȻ򣬸ͷʿ֤éɽɵɣûж⣬ϲ⽭ң֮䣬ϲŹ֮ķֻܱǸЦЦǰɢԸ񣬲ͽܡ
ͽûϵʦܰͽܣ̫ˣͷ˶Σ
С಻ˣͣʦ㲻ϺͿ˰ɣϸʦܣҡҵýʦ塭
⺢ӣ£ʦôˣԺָܶأͷӵһС࣡
СǿЦЦͶҶϣһ
ҺС඼ˣʦ壬־ˣһǲˣҶʵڲ˼ֱӾֻܾСղŵĻΪԾܾ
éɽһɲмʮؼԸéɽɣЩؼʱģǸãͷӻǲģ
Ҷͷˣʵڲ֪ôشˣ
ͷӣûʦéɽһô⴫ҲǲҪأӼҶ޷شˣ˵ˣ
ӣٺ˵ܿéɽءⷨҲéɽɵģéɽǾһˡҶϺǳӡ
ʱЩҪ˵һЩӶ˵ˣͷƤٺҲ˵ʲôˣεЦԣԣǱһˣéɽᣡ
Ȼô˵ͷӻһĿҶ׽һ㣬Ҷ룬ͷһûģҸֻҲܾˣ㲻õˣ
ǺҶԶҪȥ˾һˣһˣڣ
˵ţҪй̧ΣȴͷֹסˣСӣô˵ǶéɽᣬҺСô˵ҲҪǻصסܰȥ
СһҪȥҶϵס¶һЦ⣺Һ񿴿ϸס˵ɺˡ
ͷӾץˣʲô꣬ʲôʲô񣬶ָɶĵطѵȺСӿ˹Ǹˣ
ʦ㻹֪ɣȫΨһһṩģһ£µԩܶ࣬ɱԹͲȥͶ̥˹ϸǾܰЩԹͶ̥ˣ˵òأСʦԻˣͽ͵
ȻҲҶϸ֮˵һ𸴣ǽڣܲ˵ԼΪ׬Ǯɣ׬Ǯ˵Ȼˣ
У޺ûǮˣҪֻҪһι;ǣӲ޽Ūˡ
Ҳ⣬ҪôĹʲôͷԻˣ
Ҷһ̲֪ԭڵéɽУҲûٵͲļأȻһؾôصĶ֪ǴʲôطŪġ
뵽ףҶͲզˣνػĹջǵ֪ĭϢǣôҪʱ򣬺Ϲ־Ȼûó׵Ļв׵ĻǼпܲϹУ
ֻǣʱػĹУϹ¶һ˿̵Ц⣺һоڱƿ֮С
˵ţжһһڵϣȻĭͷĭͽ㿴˵ûɣҶϲ㣬ҪɱеĺӣǺӿģˣòɱ
ʦҷҪҪ𡭡ҪɱҺӱ𣡡ĭҧ촽¶ͨɱ
ڴͬʱ˾Ŀأڲ֣֪Ҷϲúͻ˾֮¶һĨɱˣԴ¾Զĳˣ


190 ͽ
˹ɫҪˣҶҲȥ˾ˣǣСʦͷʧǣѾŴˣȻˣ
͵ſڣҶҲʧ񣬾λˣո̤ͷӾóľӣȥǣ
˵ţͷЯɱȥֱ¥ҶһɲǵĴ㵺֪ͷһ˶źĿˣˣ´󼱣˶¥
ȹϵҪӿֲһЩԣͷѡľ׷ɱɢа
ͷһӳҶϵķ䣬һ߷˷ţһֻǳɱȥ
ĿоͻȻӴɱҶϾ˯Ĵϣͨһ˴£ͷӼϱӾһͲӣһλͲӵУһ˱ӣ
һȥӱľһӣͷЩȣôͲѪ߲Һأѵû֣
ǰһֽҿ˱ӣˤ˳ȥĿⶢűӣ
ʱҶǡøϵſڣӸͷϣڱˣͬʱĿӦԼˣͱͬʱҶϵϣͬȦڱˣ
ͷĿһֱܵڱУңӳȥоͳһ֮Ǻűӣһȭߡ
ҡҡҶϱĪһ٣ȦڱУ׵İȭţ
ұҶϵңǲϵģ˵ţűһȭţ
ҶϺȣΪթа֮ҶϵթƭͷӣаһٴڣҶûˣڵװôţ
ʱˣСһվʦߣʦϸأ
˵ʲôҶ¥ˣͷӵɫ΢΢һ䣡
˻ûлشأ˴ҵȻˣ򿪱ӣҪѽ
Ŵͣʦôˣ
˵ţҴææӣҶϱýأڱУ򿪱֮󣬼࣬ϵ˺ۣȻǲˡ
ȻڱӴ򿪵һ˲䣬Ŀһ֮£վ˪ļϣĿ˸Ķͷӣ
ͷסˣû˵ٿĿɾҶֹǣþûðˣӹǳŲסˣ
ͷٿĿԭ˼ȺСССɣ˵Ҷˣ
⡭ҡô˵ŸСͷ֧֧ĺһᣬôһ仰
һֻأӺ˪һ߰ҶϰһûĻص
аʲô𰡣ͷҵһɣ
˵ʱ򣬶ĵ˽һҶȫ˺ۣ۵ıȥϣôˣ
ʦˣȥһ¥ϢɣǰСҡͷص
Ҷϵ˺ۣŪ˰СʱڰСʱ֮Ҷϲųһ¥ȫú޻һ
Сӣҡͷæӭȥ
ûµģ֪ᣡҶϼͷҲһ׾֮ˣ˴󣬾ͺëһ֪˵ʲôˣǿЦŰοԷˣһƤ˶ѣһһҹܳˣ
ͷεЦЦȴҲûеǸʮӣʹСҴȥˣСӣȺúϢڵŰݷã
ҶϷһۣͶ˵ſڣߣҾͲԶˣ
ͷӻû˵أСĿһϸ磬ҺʦڵŵǸϣ㲻Ҫƽϣ
ŵǸͷһߴͽôôȻ˶ڼƽˣ˵Ѿȥˣͱؽ򵥵⸴ӻ
ȻӭҶӦ
Ϸ⣬ʵϧһҪĿһº͹ֳ棡Сԭŷƽ˹أ
ʱҶЦӦ
Сһ·ͷҡҡ֣һټƣűıԶȥˣ
˼ǣһžһͷ˱Уֱ֮󣬴껴˵绰ιСôشѾˣ
ҶĿ⿤ػĳˣôں
԰ʲôص̬ȱ仯Ҳ̫Ŀ˰ɣһȥʱ򣬸Ͳҧ仯Ϸ÷꼾ɫӵı仯Ī⣡
ʲôԭҶϽͱȥ˾ˣǼһȻйڣصһأֻڲǵʱ뵽ˣæʰ˶
ҶϽ֮˪ˣˣ֮ҶѾʰ˷̳׼һУѾ׼˪ȥ˾
˪˵ͷҶѾֹһεȥ˾ˣҲûʲôϡˣҲûڹĵʲôģϾһȥ͵ģ˳㻹ҪһǷµĵҩ
һҶϵĻ뿪壬Ʈ˹Źأ˹ŹصʱвһЩŵĸо
Ҷ΢ͣһ½Ųͷ˶ţҶϵ˵ͷʲôҲû˵
ҶЦӭһ£һԾ˹Źأ
һκв̤ͬ˾йվԶ֣ҶϾЩ棬ֵֻǰ
Ҷȷ֮СֻܲԱߣٵ𣿡
ǣѾܾˣ㣬ߴ·һλĴ󺺻ص
ҶԽӵв̤ʵˣòƺͿصĹϵûôɣҲ̫ˣ
ţ͸ֻƹ˷Ŷӣֱӽ˾ֻǼǵСҶϣ΢΢ЦЦȴҲûдк
ҶϽ˾֮󣬸ֻ̤󷨲ǰģ壬һ壬ôӵĲҶϻǵһߣ
˼Ҷһߴͣ½Ųλ磬ȥʲôط·
֪ˣػģǴĹ
Ҷ棬̤һ
һ̤֮󣬷·תǰһڣһڰâĵطˣ
Ҷ۾ʿͨĿȥ̽⣬һƬڣںڰУ֨֨
Ҷüǵʲôطˣ
ҶϺɵʱͻȻȼڤ֮𣬽ڵĿռˣ
Ҷٿܣλ󺺲ˣĿǰܿģֻһƬأ֨紵ܸɿݵľ֦
ûߣҶ϶Դ˵صΨһܱ㣡
ǻһ㣬̳ЩĹҪﴦҲû취УһλӵĴֿ
ҶϰľѵԼϵˣ
ţѰԶչһ⻭ͺ͹Ŵ̵ķһģһй٣ʿ䣬ʿܿ㽫Χˡ
󵨿ͽδ˾£йٴһ
ͽѵģʲôʱɿͽˣݺôһһĴñӰ


191 Χ
Ҷ֪ʲôˣΧˣֻǣҲӣֻ룬Ҳ֪ˣȦףϹˡֻǣΪʲôҪôɱܵõʲôô
ǵģɱһɵģûǿأػҪأѵͺϹйϵ
ոɱ˺Ϲ֣߾Ҫڣһˣôؾǽ赶ɱˣ
ڤ˼ʱֻѾɱˣоŹһһһޣ
һɷ˵ҶϵĻǣͺҵĿˣÿһжɱУӹɣЩһֶҲʡˡ
ֻǣҶϱϾֱ޷ʩչȻϵĹӵĹ
ܿ죬ҶϾͺֻˣҶݵĹֻԺֳܿʤ
йٴ˵۾ٻ˼ֻ飬ǰɱҶϣ
ҶϺֻ߰˺һȻûжʱսܵļȻܻʮֻǻ񰡣
£ҪͶԷľȥȻǲǵѡǣҶϽǿƵļȭţ߷ֻйٵͷɹȥڹȥʱҶʵйͷһţҲˣһɱ㣡
йټҶһ鷲ˣȻôǿߣһ󾪺ǣؽ˾״ģǴһ׷ܵĺǣҲҪץ
ڹӦŵһգһ·ɱ׷Ҷϵ
Ҷϳ̳ȴһƬûҶĴɭУʵûҶӵģֻҶϴӵһǶΪҲǶû̫Щ
״̬£ҶϵٶȣɲЩü꣬ʮϹ죬һֽȦڴɭУ
Ҷ޷ˣֻǣȴһҲţλ쿴Ǳɣǣ֮ǰ֪ܲԭ򣿡
ĿǺðɣҲ㣡˵ߣȻ⼸λ׷ɱĹͷĿ
ллҶĴ
ʵɣҲֵ֪ǣɱͷͣ˵ţλ󺺱յֱҶϣ
Ҷһαˣˣаޣɱˣ
ֻĿһڵӴؿڵʱҶͻȻˣĿǰѾԶ֮أ̵ĵطܣһ˼һˣֲģǱ߾ʤˣȱһоͱˣ
ҶһЦͻȻ֮һ֮£֧ǿ׷ɵһֻ
ҶͻȻ֣ɱǼһ޷ҶҪôҪͶˣҪôǼߣȴôҲ벻ŰΧ֮УͻȻ
ͻķǴ󺺾ѵʱѾҶһȭں̶Ѩһָͷ

һ˺ѷεĲҺΪ׵Ĵ󺺾ˣصʱѾ̣ȫûһӰӣ

ΧҶϵļֻʼˣ⹥ʽʵ̫ĺˣַҵѨļ򵥷ʽʵЩˣ
ֻǣʹʱͻȻһɭɲЦһֻͰѶųˣεΣʹ
⻰һ֣ڹֵգӶµĶܺͶƤеıˣ
ǿأͻȻһ
⻰һڣһЩڽļһһ߱һӵ˵ϣȻˣ
ʣµļֻȴˣһĿȣҶϣ
Ҷʵڲ֪ΪǣǿȨ
ˣҶһ߷һֻٶȸӵĿˣߣ
ڿʹõĽǧﴫûгУʶҶѰһɱеĻᡣ
ҶϺ׷ɱ֮˳־սһ·跨ɱһֻһ·ɱһֻ
ȻǾжԶԼҲߣȥŹأȻǰ취ÿطй̶ķʽȥŹأҲ̤Ŀǰ̤ȥŹأҶϵȻ֪ˣ
ң֪Լܵʲôطˣ
ôôӶݣΪ£
һȻǷɢзıһƣԼһ˼ĻᣬӶݵĹУԴһֱ˼ԣʵ˾һصͨ죬ǣһ֮ԣУ
һֱһһҹʱ䣬ҶϽ׷ɱԼʮֻһ֮
ҶһĿ˸Ķǰһɽ
һСó绰ͨһ룺뿪һƬɭ֣
ϵܣҶ֪θ㣿绰ǱȻǴˣǼһװòȻʲô¶ûзһ
֮أҶϻһ䣡
ôȥˣǱнƣһ̤룬ͱſ󷨲뿪ǡ껾
ʲô㵹˵ҶϼЩץ
ӦٵҾ㣡껻ص
ҶͻȻüĪˣǴ껹أǵõٵߺͿթأ
ϣܹҩ򷢣ͼ򵥵Ķˣ
ǴӦˣУֻҪܾңҴӦٵ
Ҷϻ䣬ԶͻȻˡ¡¡¡¡ĴŵضɽҡƵһ㣡
ʲôҶ϶֮أ
һ⣬ͺչһһ㣬ӵһķ죬ܰΧ
ܷ֮ŽɢˣɢҶϼ鶼ǹɨһۣһǧֻɣһģȻ˾ÿֻһССսղŵЩս
Ҷզ಻ѣʶһвϷֲ֮ò̾ʵ̫ˣһֻôˣ
ôɼľģһŸӴܣʶҲʶԼĴӵΣˣΧӴĶ飬Ҫɱȥ̸ף
޼ƿʩʱЩսΧȦСˣӴĹѹ
ҶִĸоǿɱëȻ
Ҷ϶˵ʹ˶ڵϣӱȡһЩ󷨲ϣһһڷڲõķλһͰڳ˾ĽľŹԭŹ󷨣Ǵ󷨣ȻʹãȻû˵УͽԼŪˣȻҶ˸Ľľ飬һеĲ϶ˣʿѪѪ׮ͱĳѪѪ׮ˣеһȫ෴󷨣ͱ˴ˣ
ѾɣȴûʹùЧΣԼҲ
үӵӰɣҶ˵ţ˾Ź
ھŹһ̣ܵĻһαˣԼվһԹλãܵĹˣ֮ĵ·
ֻǣû뿪ֻǾ֮˶ѣܲУԼҲûף
ʹʱսһֻǿĹ£սΪʼײŹˣ
䡭䡭䡭
֮Уضɽҡ


192 Ѷ
ŹʵԹãڵģЩ﹥˺һӣƻʽȻѧʹͨдС˾Ź֮У
һвڰȫҶѾֹһν󷨣Լ󷨣ÿһжһŵӰ졣
ڸʱΪڽҪͷԼ겻⵽⹥
ԣвһ֣ǹˣȻ֮ҶϾͷĴ󵨵ĶһСУһ󷨣ǱԼǿߣȻĲ֮
ЧΣд֤
ҶУһʼˣǴ껵ʦ˺Ϲ֣ʱ;ЩԾҪ棬زԼ𣬷Ҫñ֪ܣ
ʲôɱ˺Ϲ֣ɱڣʲôϵأ
ţţҶϻһطԴ
ûһ͹ԴʲôҶϺܼᶨǴμأԴʱ򣬿صľ̬
ңĹϽڣôԴĵطôĻǲͶ̥һʵʮ֪ժصɴñǲǹأ
ǣԴγΪ֮صģһΪҪϡǵãϹֽڹԴλظɵ£
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ôʲôѱأ
˵ɱ˴ħͷˣӦõõϼĽְͣһֱǿְλ
ߣϹڹԴ֮УӦɱȥַ㿤ûˣҲӦϼɱ֧ԮɣȻȴûԴֱӸˡ
뵽ˣҶϷֻ֣»ʲôĻ
ͬʱʶһ⣬ϹԽԽˣһʼΪһλаʿϰˣٺػĹұػĹУغϹ֣֮һ
֪Ϲֺ޵еĴڣ
ϹȥػĹʲôҶü
ҩѵΪ˳ҩҶߴ
Щ⣬ҶԴҲ޷ȷǣڿͬʱҶͻȻʶԼһֱǷһҪ⣡
Ϲ˭
֮ҶϾͻȻͬһ⣬Ϲòһֱ׷һ¡
ǰӤҺɱ޹ӤĽ죬͵͵ӤҺɼ˶ڳǶôĿ
ҶͻȻ뵽һˡʼʣʼһ׷ĲҲǳô
뵽ֳһ໥ìܵ⣬Ϲ˿ȴҲȥػĹѰҳҩɣΪʼʶˣҩҲװڹײвǣ
ôϹΪʲôػĹ֮У
뵽ˣҶԺһͣһ;ǺϹֲϲбİãǮŶȣЩջػĹ
һͣҶ룬ˣзĸоǱǺϹֱػĹеĹĵֻ꣬һûɵ壡
ҶһǵڶôֻĹ˭ѵǡ
Ҷ뵽˵ʱһֻС̽ͷ̽ԵһѳƣĿҶڵĽ䡣
˵ֻԴ
ҶԭԼڹע뵽ڶֽ͵ʱ򣬲ˣ˵ˣ
ǺϺԹԵǽǡ
ֻ˺һӣûзʲô쳣ģת뿪ˣ
ҶϺһȻУòҪ¶ȥȻһ֮ܺǧĹأ
ҶҸоõģǲ嶯ȻųΪĭΣߣʶȤһʱ֮£Ծ·
׷ɱһһҹ˵ɣӲӲĴ򣬾ʮλЩɱǵĻսԣԼ֮٣
һһֻˣһֻȥˣһֻˣҶ㹻Ļ֣һɱ˹ȴҲûж֣ڴ֮ǰ¶Լ٣
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УҺͽϸ綼ȥˣһҲġ˪Լˣ
ҵû£ҲǵεĻص
˭˵ˣʲô£˵вҺͽϸ磡˪ֱԲ䣬ҲȷӲǰ¡
ȻЦǺǵĻصǵҲǣԸðգҲأ
ڶһĪչʱ¥Դ춼ǹŵģٿţҲʱ֮ʱŴ⣡
˭ˣ˵ţȥ¥¿ˣ
һ¥ཱུĽŲ˪ȷǸŮˣǣһԣûп˵ģԣʢҶϵӺˣǽȡ±аվſڣ
˪㣬˪㡭ŲſڣͣˣŴŮӵĽк
˪һ룬Сİ
˱аŴˣ
մţСסͣǿҩζнˣϸأӣߴߴĲ֪˵ɶأڲڣ
£˪ͻȻһСĵѩ̿ˣƲƲ죬ӣ
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һ֮£ʱŴͣƬ̾Ϳˣϸ磬ǲʶȥˡء
ߵſڵɱӣʦʦˡ
˪ǽţӵĳ˼·ſʦĺò
ι˪ǸŽϸأ
ûǻˡֲ÷ҩζô󡭡ȥˣȥ˾ȡʿ֤ôСķӦǱȽϿģ˵žͲᣡ
ǰӣʲô֣ѵ㲻֪˪ֱˣ
ûʦⲻ˰ָС˵

˺Ѽ䣬˪Լ뷨ϸѾûϢˣǺܵģһʦʿ֤



193 ǧե
ҶڽеУһ˾ҹʱտʼ죬ϵйѰǣ˵죬ЩҲûټˣѾעˣ
ȻܵİΧȴӵˣÿڣ˵Ҳһٶֻİ֣һֻӬҲѷɳȥˣ
ҶзǣȴҲûа취뿪󷨣Ȼ󷨽ԼȥˣǱر֮Ѿûг·ˣ
һ绰в֪껵ʮ˴ٱˣڲӵ绰Ӳ١ĸ
һΣ껳Ľˣι㻹ûУ
ǲˣǲҲıɱһ£Ҷϱŭ
ȱҲԭģ˵һ˹㣬ҵҼֲǣЦǺǵĻصⲻǻô
ˣʬˣҶûĻص
˲㣬ѵһʮ£Ƕûޣ껻ص
ʲô߼ҵ䣬زȥⱲӱȥˣڴǰһ׼⣡
İɣڲ߻Ӫ㣬ǵĿǿأŰɣٸʱ䣬һ֮ڣ˵꣬ҲҶϴ𻰵Ļᣬ͹Ҷˣ
Ҷìˣǵأ취ߣȻҲɱȥĳȥһȫ֮ߣ

С˪֮ʱͻȻۿףʲô˵ʿ֤
ţֻҪʿ֤ǲܽϸͽ˾һǾ˾ýϸ񲻸ã⽣ϸǻز˪Լ˼
Сһ⻰εƲƲ죺ҲԸ⣬ֻνʿ֤ʲô⣬ûлһ£
ѵéɽںҲƭˣӶС࣡
ȻƭˣֻǡҲ֪ʿ֤ǣʲô⣬ûмС͵
ԭéɽɵĵӣҲûмִ˵еĶʦУéɽͳʿ֤ûлһ£
ǡϸֻµȲǹ˪һϸĶҶϵɫȻ˲ˣӵ
򵥣ʩչһĿҲܹ췽ŸСص
Ǹʲôˣϸʹô˷˪ص
Ǻ䣬ǧեһڸոȥϣСص
ǧեֻǣⷨںҲУ˪ʵ
ʹðɣһѹʦզ죡ӻص
СЦŽˣǧեԭȷ˵ķǧեһ֮أҲڸֶ˰ǧեΪ˵ҲеǧեʹϺǧڶҲ̧ʹϺǧѹȸУʹ˲ܶʱ߿ɻʱ䳤߿Ҫ
Ȼһȴ֪˷һЧǷֹʬ࣬ʬߣôʬ屣ʣ
С֮󣬾̳ˡ
ڷ̳ǰԻ䣬ٷʹ̩ɽե̩ɽصǧեǧ﷨եͷեѪˮ˳Ư̧ͷŲգģ̫̌Ͼ
ͬʱýָֻҶϵϣ
ܿ죬¾ˣ
˪㣬ڴ˵Ⱥȥʦܲóʿ֤ˣС˵꣬ٿһҶϣʹҴҵ뿪ˣ

߱ڴʱţ
йȥˣҶϾڵ죬Ͼûдǧɱȥһɼ껵ˣͻɱȥսϣܱðɣ
һҹȻϢĻˣҶ󷨣ˣд죬һû뿪
̤󷨣Ҷоõ֣һ´ɲ绰ҲͨˣǼһһʼǰʱ䣬˽ͳˣҪض֣ˣ
ڿصֶΣҶϳզ࣬˵ʲôأȴҲòǸУǣ뵽ԸԼ͸ӵķˣ
˼룬Ҷϳ˾Źһ󷨣ܺѹѹĶǹ
ҶϵͻȻ֣ɧˣϻɱ
Ҷһʱ֮䣬治֪˵ʲôãһν˾һжˣЩУˣ
ֻǣЩѾҪˣӶݣǵǰٵ⣡
Ҷϸһ֣˵˾Ź󣬾â˸ӴĶУ
ʱҶϵķΧˣͺһżȥײʯͷ졣ɱСҶż֮е⣬֮УΪҲ壬ʩʶֻǹʵĸɡǣӴĹ룬ҶϾȻķˮȥ磬ûиˣŶ飬Ŷǰ
Ҷ֮ɱɱֶμ̣һȥһֻԴͱһཱུ࣬һȦڻûѰҵͷ­ʱһغˣ
Ƶʮ׵ľ룬ҶΪɱ˶ʮֻʵˣ
Ȼһʱ䣬һ󵶣Ӻ͵ϮһҶϵļϡ
ҶһҺоԼСһأ
͹ܣ꣬˵ʱʵǲѪģʱ򿴵Ѫһ۷ߵӣӰΪ˴ﵽԤڵĹԣŪļٶ
ʵĽУ帺ˣ긺죬˳̶ȵĲͬСǸ˹أѾСܳܵļޣֻ飬ƽ˵Ļɢ
ĿǰҶϰһС࣬ңᵽΪ˳ܹСĹУʹ
ҶҧأսݲͣһС
ǣ֮ҶϴһֲСˣ򶷵ʱ򣬾Ȼ޷ȫʹˣٷ֮ʮ
һҶϵĴˣȻ˾ս͵Ĺˣֻͨ΢еҲ˵ͨҲܵͳ˹ˣƲ࣡
ǣ˾ĹԱ𣬻ǱȽʵģһԣⷽ棬ĴʵĳǮȨƣҲְ
˺ҶϣԸŰΧĹԵЩˣ
ɵǣȺĹ˧ҶϸˣڹѾˣսʮ֮ڣܴˡܲˣֱɱ֮
ڹҶɱˣ
ʵľӣְҲȣ͵ȹߵȹ˧м䣡һ˧ͳʮһͳһٱҲ˵Ŀǰսģߴһǧֻ
£ҶɱģʮֻһԣڤĵУͺʿڵĵв࣡
ʮֻкҶϲļһҶϸ֮ϳҶ϶ԣ⽫һս


194 
ЩΧĹǣһԶɢˣÿһȦӣ
Ҷ֪дҪˣĶܣʹʱʮӰһͳҶϵܣΧס
ʮֵֻḶ́ʵҶϾôһѣڲͬĴ󽫷װӳֵţ淽ʽѾʵõˣ
ҶʣʮֻУһֻбͣһ֪⽫һĽ
ʮֻ֮һλֵļһһָҶϣ죬ҵģǲܺ
ƾʲôƾôһ仰ôǺһ˭еĶ࣬˭ģһλСĹ˵
ô˵Ҳģ֣һλȽϲҵĹ
ѵģҵʲôˣȵҹˣҶŭһһöҩУ
ĿǰҶ϶ԣҩĴѾСˣ·ˣЩҩҲͲڻɱʯˣ
ԣҶϳҲûʲô۵ĸоһھȥˣڣ֮䣬Ҷϵ峤˲٣գ۹ָ˸߰˰ˣ
ĥǲ̫ˣһֻ
˵ţʮֻͬʱˣʮֻʮֲͬıһλŴĳ˹֣Сòªȴǳ־ˣ
ҶϽӹʮֻ֮˹ִһᣬһӼҶϵһȣͬĵ겻ʲôӶˣٳһ𣬾壬ԵСһأ
ţһθ˵ҶϣѾ˱ıԵʮһʱŪҶϣ˳սһ֣һֵĹУҶѾز֧ˣ䣬ضູܶˮ
ǣ岻зţЩˣ
ҶǿżսȻûãʮֻʹһɫͬʱҶ϶Ҳ㲻ˣһ˼һμСˣֻһ׸ߣ
Ҷڴеʱ򣬻֮һȭһȭʮ㣬һУɱһֻȻҶϸˣȴҲԷŵʣµľֻʮ׶࣬Ҷϣ
ʵҶֻΪһȭɱһֻǻмɵģжԷǹҪȻôɱأ
ֻǣɱһֻԼĴȴһҲֹۣոճһŲ裬ٳһţҪҩȣ޷ҩˣ
ҩжˣһҩҪĶ࣬ϣ
ĿǰȻʣµľֻǣܲǻôĹô
ȻһֻȽϴһ˭ɱͣ
ɱڹһҶϣ
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ʲôҶϵԴðεͻȻ֣ԼС磡
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˶һǹ˧һλһλˣҶϲİҪصĿأ
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һԣһصĵֻôһ֧飬˧ȻڿأǣȴΪеľȨһ㶼ͿƽƽȻҲиͲصĹ˧
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˧ĪĪ˲İһȻ
ģ˧ɫʱˣ
ѵҶϡߴ
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һʱ֮俤غ͹˧ɫˣȻǶģǲҶģҲҪˣؼǵˣ
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ˣЩ̤źƣ߼ֱ׵ʱչһȦӣΧˣ
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뵽ˣҶһִѲк󸣵ĸܣ벻һز¶ϡǵô껽ӵ绰ʱ˵Ҫ취ԸǸôһ֧
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С󣬸һλˣǴ껣һۣϸ˵˻ģûƭɣ


195 
ڳһӣӾļ̫ˣҶûĵһ۴껣
һЦݣԶĴƣ㻹ɣ
ǿɣֻǣЩʮģҶ׷ʵ
ȻˣѲһʦƭɣһҿѪˣð㰡껻ص
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ԼֵܣͲˣ̰ۣлߣݺ㡭һϵе֤Ѿʦ͵ʮУԣһлҺʦЦŻص
ҶϿЦʲô̰ۣʲôлߣЩǸƣ˾ǸԱظ˵Լṵ̂۹ûбл߹
СӣӦҵŵҩһҪҡˣȻǰİɣȻȥʱܻ壿лڵŵҩ
ҶӦŵͬʱ͵Цһҩȴˣ˵ķĹϣ
ȻҶеĵҩֹ̰ȡˣֻ跨թǸĵҩ
ٿһԣеĶսȻϵľӾͽȻ෴ˣղŻڱսıǣƣһãȻŹ˧Լ˾ξ
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СȥϵĺˮҲ֪ǱҶϵ۵ģŵãҲǵһôǿĵˣȻã֪ö࣬ǣʵս鲻˪ԣų亹ҲȻˣ
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ȻӣҶϾ˴𣺡Ҷϡҡ١ĸ
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׷ᣬڴʮң趯űɱȻ


196 ʿ֤
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ɴ˿ɼϹ˾ΪεĲ񣬾죬ͦߣؾϹʵڸ
ԣҶһ⵽ݺϹɱΪڸ飬ɱڣΪҶϲӴ˺Ϲ֣֪˹ԴĴڣˣɱǿصһĲ
ԭˣҶ̾һʵҲû˭ʵʲôҲ֪֪ˣǺܶùصģһЩºԼûгʱ򣬾Ͳ֣ȻƺӦ˹Դ֮ǳЩˣȥʮԩҲǿɱһԭ
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˺˼ңҶϷĵİаĶǣ벻ԼܴлҸζʵںǰҶϾͱˣÿ쿴µˣ˶ˣнĵ壬ɢˣ
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Ҷϵ˵ͷȻڼƻԶԶڳʣԣͶ̥һһһ㻵Ҳûˣ˳Ͷ̥ССһ󣬾Ҫ꣬Щ¸ʲôģȵĸá
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ҶϸսžͲˣǵӸУйڵʧܿ죬ҵˣԣéɽӵʧһ״һŵи߷ϳڶΰ˲ðݵ顣
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ϼأƴǸֽ㣬֮ǰֻнûʱеɶһʦţݣҶĸӣԵĸǴܼĸǵĲ㼶
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ԣ𡢵֮ͥķΧйءҪᵽһλ񣬾Ǻ˵Ķ۾ʱҷ˻࣬ࡣԩεûΪ˵õ飬໥˶漲ֲزš
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ͥҪ˼㽨ҵ˼𹩷Ϊʷԭ̺ͥΪ㷺㽨һʱΪķز̡
˺һöطռˣдķչǰ;һʲôռˣǻô죬ڵ£̸Ҫɶ
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𡢵ͥ˼䷢չԼĵ̡̰Ҳǡ
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շʹӦ£̵ܵܵظʮ־ͷ̵ʮ˲ˣ˫쵼쵼ˣǶ۾
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ٿҵƽ֮
취һϴéɽƹִ֮ˣػҶϿɫЩѿѾģéɽ飬ʱܽŴִִУοû˭֪ǽſͨ飬ռָܻȫĵУ
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ҶȰ裬ȻСǲ˵ʲôҲҪȥҶתһ룬ҲǺ£Ͼ飬ڹһֻﵷңֻ»¶ˡ
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ҶδɢѪζҲ֤ϣǽϵѪ಻СʱɴƲ⣬λŮӱĿЩѪԴŴİɣ
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200 Ů
ŮҶ϶ħˣͻָһЩǣʼ
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ӾͲˣ˵ʲôҲŮӳ˵ڸھħԣҲȥҲΪð
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201 
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˵УҵطʱéݣɽȪأסһǣȴһӰҲûУʶǾȡ塱˵֮ǰסɡ
ȻֻһϵĴ˵Ѿ޴֤ˣǣˣԼĶصԣȻҲǻԣǣǹϵԣһһأȻ޷
壬ľǳĺÿͣһİˣΪػ߽ڱ峤Ҫһӭˡ
֮ϰͳˣ峤һƤ£ɫëǰ׺ƤƤ¡Ҷϼ⣬ҶһãȻͶԱߵһλߴߴ˵һʲôžҶ˳ʾһơ
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Ҷ˸ո֮ǰ峤ȥµСӻˣһλִĸŮ
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ҶϵõЩϢ֮峤峤ˣܲɸǼСӣǴĴң
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203 Ů
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Ҷϼͷϸ˿԰ͷඪ£ᳬһ꣬Ϊû⣬ʵļͷɣģĸɽϣ걻ƣ̫⣬ǳʪɵĶһ¾ͱһɫˡ
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ҶϲΪվ±ϣĸſ仯ʱһɾԺХŴȥ
ҶͻȻתתһ̣һֻڿһѡ

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ҶɨһۼԶȥһӣûôף
Աϣ˫ֺʮһӻǣͻȻźХķֱ
һн׷Ӱһִķ׷֪˶ٱֻǣⷨҲֻиڵĸַʹá
׷ƣٶֻܺĿһεģҲ˵׷һֻ˼ٶһֱ䣬ƽȵķУͱ׷ˡǣ׷ӰһֻҪʩչɹٶȿĿü˲Ƴ׵ľ룬ܶʱ򣬴˷˲ơ
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204 
ҶͻȻһĳ֣ʵŵŮŮ㵵ɨһҶϣҶеıȻԹԣǾǿһĴڡ
һʱӣŵˣŹңֻһֻҰѡҡ
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˵Ƶģ˭ˣҶһɱȻеıʱɢɫâ
˵˵ŮӦ
壿ҶһʵȻˣŮе壬ؾ岿ɣ
岿䣿Ůüͷҡҡͷصûô䡣
ҶһˣˣһϳѨ֮ˡ
һ̣ҶϻȻЩĹźʵǺ๵ͨͲ˼ԣԣ˻˵ԣǳЩģûлӴ࣬ܶȻӻûˣȴɱ
Ҷ뵽ˣʵ˭
ŮԣŮˡŮ˵ţͻȻԴըˣһ̲ˡ
⣬ˣҶа
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ҶһСģֻйˣǺηеŮˣȻ
ƣЦȴӰħ̣үүŮүү鲻β͹ɣԺ󶼲ҪүүȱջӿЦˡ
ҶеǸŭͲˣȻҪջʵ޿̣ȻΪӺ˪Ҷֻȥܴ裬صӰ֣ͬħ뿪ԣŮҲУǣ֪ҵѣǰһһŮʮһ꣬еӣŮŮ
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ǣҶϽһˤˣʲôAˣͷײһѪݣʹЩˡ
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ʵŮȫͬŮϿŮճֵʱ򣬺߰СһС˵ȥĺ֮ͯóһֹ
ϲ磬ýɭֵ˸еΪ֣ǵϰŮǻѼԵľѪԪԪĶ٣ǿԽ࣬ԽǿԽߣԽӽߡ
ǰֻŮѾһ弸ߣѾ֤һ㣬ֻŮĲ򵥣յԪѾ㹻ˣﵽߣԣԸȻѲĶˣ


205 Ѱ
½ĳǡĽգСϲķΧУССڴţԼСˣӵȺԼһԼƷҪ⵽ˡ
ֵĴȣһǽǴһλʦҡͷԵСͽܣڴӰһЩԵĵߣʦĽһдСӡֽţƽڵϣͶ˵ˡ
ͽһֻӣװһֻӣǺӺˣһֱͷġ
ʦ㿴Ǳпʼˣˣںöأһ׬Ҳ׬ǧ˰ٵģֻĿӣһʵ̫ϧˣͽܵЩԸ˵
֪óȥͷգﰡ߻ص
ǡʦÿ׬Ǯȥ͵ǲͽأСʮӣƳһʦ˵
ܺȣǸˣվȬһܶ޵кܴİЦŻص
֪ˣҾͲһֻˣ˵½е޵ôˣҲ޳˵ʲôˣҲûڷ԰ɣûѧᣬѧ͵飬ͽҲĺС̾
޵ǻԵţӵоɸʱ򲻵Ҳܳɣҡҡͷһ˫ӣһĨ͵Ĺâ
ʦʲôɲɵģͽҾͲˣһ죬ʽ⣬͵ΪͽܵҲˣͽ˵Ҳǳʵʮһ˵Ļ
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ʱǿһһŮеʮ꣬Ůʮ߰꣬һ
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ͣʦ͵͵Цˡ
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ţǾ鷳ʦˣŮɺϡ
߿ʼˣԽ߿ʼİɣǽǼٵģҲˡ
ǣ߽֮󣬵ŮƽʱȻҡҡͷɻˣһֻԹۣ
ͽܵĶȥˣæվ˵ˣһλ˿ͣɱΪʦ˵ŪˣղʦĽ⣬Ǽ٣ŷˣô˵⻰أ
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վһԣҡҡͷʲôˣΪʲôΪĿˣܱ滰أõãȰܰɣȻҵĿˣ
Ȱܣûȥʦ϶Ҵ򣬶ǱȥŮ˵㣬ʦ˼ˣ㿴Ƿˣﲻ㣬ǣ¨װŵģĿ쿴ֻ۾أרӡ÷ڵĲ
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İСʱʱ䣬˳ǣ˱֮С
΢΢ԥһ£ű˽ȥ
ӣͻȻͣ˽Ųʱؿҧһӡ
Ŀһӣ֨֨֨ĽţڹͷһܣͻȻٶȷɿԶˡ
ӣǱܷеĺӣɫˣڽ׷ĿͻȻٸȥ
ʱǸһãȻŴҡҡ
һ仰û˵ͨһڵϣžûһ㶯ˡ
һ·ɱ׷ϺӣֻǣʹҶһ˲Ʒֻ۰Ͱ͵ĸĿ󣬱һҵľ룬һֱôȥˡ
ǣԽУɫԽѿ
Ŀе㼣ӦҪȥˣһֱű߽ȥСʱ֮󣬾Ϳڸˡ
ͣˣһɽ΢ͣһ룬ڹ׷ʱ򣬼ˡ
һΣˣĿǰһɽԶɽзë⡭ⲻʦ˵ɽô
ԥˣͣ½Ųվһӵʱ䣬üĿΪʲôҪɽʦɽʱѾһϢˣѵһ˺ô
һصɽһҧ׷ȥˣ


206 
ҶѾ޿κεĳ̶ˣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀϵ·һһʧˣţӶˣԼľ¶ˡ
ʱŮһҶ֫ˣܶƶһӵûˣʹŮϺΪ
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ҶһԼԼУϢ
Ȼһж޲Ҷϴ̾ϢһӵһӢͻڴˣ
¶Ҷ˷ӦЦһҶϵһʱ֮䣬ҶҲĿˡ
Ҷ̾ϢһʵûˣŮ֪ԸˣԣķʽҲǾʵ֤
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뷨Ҷϳķ֣Ů淨ԳƵһػıڣһһ£ʵ죬ƮƼĸо
˵ģ⻹Ҷϵһ֪һʵᵽƮɾĸо
ԣ£һҶϾͷӵˣҶϲ֪Լ˶٣ȻȴŮལཱུڣ
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ҶϺһĹУҶûҩûбʯ֮󣬱øˡ
£֮ûбʯҩ͵ϢʮңǣҶܲܰȫĴʮӣȴҲǸ⡣
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˵꣬ҶͻȻ֫ܶˣǣֵǣԼֽ·ˡ
㣡Ů˵ţһɫĲУХķˡ
ҪȥҶϳʵ
ǺǺǡ˵ҵõ˼ƷˣҴȥǿȥɣˣ㾡ϢӣȻһⲫСʱʱ䣡¶ص
Ҷ⻰Ͳˣⶼʲô£²ÿÿôȴŵ
ҡϢһɣңҶ
ˣҵȻȻһסľھˣ¶ص
û˵ϼ仰¶˵ǵˣɣ


207 
˵ţײԶˣڰײ򿪵һ̣ҶȫһΪһ˫Ŀ⣬ڶ
ҶʶһٿֱҪˣģȻһֻ󡣬ֻ۾ͷϣȫɫˮݣ˲ŮǴģ
ҶֱҲܲˣסͣͨת˹׼
ѣϴǷһ飬Ҿʹ㣬ͷңŮ˸ѵʻżɽĻص
УСӻðɣʵ
ˣѾһѹͷˣŮصһΰɣסֻһΡ
УУôƷˣһӣ˵ţһֻϵŮˡ
ҶڿϣʱӵĶˣ̲סһĭһ£һλ׷ԲԣƵ̫ţͺɶˣ˭Ҳܰɣ
̫ŵҶϵ棬ϵɫ·¶ι״壺СӣĪ£ˣ
˵ţֻѾͳҶϡ
ҶкâһҪ֣ȴֲ֪ʲôʱаˣӶá
ŮҶҲˣϾһλŮǣµѣϰʮԸ⣬ǣŮķ̫ˣڹ಻޲ߣ
ǣֻϸ˵ҶߵʱͻȻһӰһ֮£ϸԴϣǵӰӳֵʱצӴ̽ϸͷ۾УһӾͷˮˡ
ϸ۾еɫҺΣҶϵϣҶ޿̣۵һڣ
ǣһ³ҶϾķ֣ԼôܶˣٿԼ³Ķ͸ӶˣȻһֻһӡ
Ҷ̲סһŻˣ
ʹʱһλ˽ӺŮѾˣֻϸ󡻹ڵϴʹһѵģҵ㣡
˵ţԾնһָһ΢ɨŮļ
񽣣ŮŸ첲ֵꡣ
һûӵĴ˹ʿɣ
ӣӾԹ޳ΪҪ飿Ůӣȫܲڡ
ԭڱ߽ǳģȻ˼䣬ΪǱ׾·ʽ˼û˻Ƴ
ȻǼһڱ߽Ĵ׽ͺܶа֣ʵƣͽܹһĶ񽣣ǻʮа˾Ҫġ
Ů˵ʱһ΢ٴλŮһ첲һ˵˽ˣŮҺ֮һժֻ첲
ţһԾգſХķ̼ʧˡȻʧʱ򣬴һͳĻҶϣĻң
⻰˵꣬ȫټˣӰӶû¡
ҶϱĶ񽣾ˣʱŻ£꣬һ
˵Сˣһ־Ҷ˶Ƕʽ񽣺еư
գһɷĺֵܰĺսٻغϣ
˵꣬ɨһĿһ֮£վҶϵļϡ
סҵʶ㣿Ŀ⾼ʵ
Ҷ϶ʱˣĿ˵ʱ䳤ҲҲǼʱ䣬ѵڴ֮ǰǸġ
ǰʦǰɽ֮¼񵽵İ˵ţӵ׽Ҷ³ӣ߹ƣѵģǻʹù
ҶĪһˣò֮ǰǸصѾҺܾˣ
ģǿϧˣҺϲأˬĻص
˵ţϵӴһʱһСˣ
Ҷ뵽С߾ԼĶУӵĶģ۵Żһӡ
磬ˣڶûʱ򣬾ˣȻص
ҶһǶƣͱˣԼ³ˣȻľͱɱƵаʿˡ
ллҶʶЩ⣬Ϊĳ֣ŵԽͼæл
¿ҪлңͽֻΪ֮񣡡Ŀһֱźӡ
ҶΪˣ׻˵ˮ֮ӿȪ౨ǣСӶҲǰĶˣıǿɶˣһ˵ǰˡ
ǣĿô£Ѿֵܸˣôأ
֮£ҶֻܹʼʩСϲ㣬벻ȥ
һϵҡԴҶϵĲϣצӶץҶϵУһʹ
⡭ӵĺˡ
Ҷϵ˵ͷҲˣӲԸ㣬ѰɣԺʱܺˣ
ҶϵĻ룬ͷˣ磬ҽйʴմ
ҽҶϣԺҽϸǣҶϻص
˵ͷĿȴһֱû뿪Ŀ
ҶЦЦļ򣺡ȥһɣ
Ŀһ⻰һ³ڹļϣһʱŵ
ʶ֮Ҷϴ̽˹ɽĴ˵ص㻵ɣʦ˵ġ
ǣܻҶϼģҲûģʹŹһȥ塣
һ·ϣҶϲ֪֮Ƕ񽣣Ȼʦģı졣
㻹ǵϱ˭𣬻ǲʿҶϽйҲţǣı죬;Щˡ
֪ʦ˵ţɸ޵ĺòϡʦɫͳˡ
ʦһʿ˰ɣԺлһŰݷãҶϻص
ˣƭ˶ƭǻиˣӦ
ƭ˾ͲˣҪҶϻص
磬˵ҲǱͷӱƵãɹƭͶͷˡԼµĺҶһ¡
Ҷ꣬һЦ⣺ʦǸֵأ
ֱֹ֣Ǳ̬ص

һ죬һ߸źӷУܿ죬͵֮ǰҶʮ֮ˡ
Ϊ˱ֵ͵Ҷ϶ڵϣȥ塣
˰СʱӽʱǿˣǲӣһҲûб仯СӣŹȥɽϴˡ
ЩСһҶϣһЦʺãֻ˵Ļѡ
ҶˣЩôҲûж⣬ΪʲôҪŮأ
ЩͽҶϵļϣܿ־ӡ
ϴ磬ǽȥʲ֪ˣ
Ҷϵ˵ͷĿǰҲֻˣСǧ°
˼Ҷϴ͹壡


208 
ҶϼվһֻӣһλСӣһǰһ̤塣
һΣҶһӣ͸ܵǿӣΣȷ˹ƶӦڵһμ¶ҲǸڸ֮йƶģɴ˿ɼһУпóġ
ҶϽӣû̫ע⣬ЩæģҶϣһֻЦŵͷǴкˡ
ϸ磬ЩֺĺأЩ棬ӡУûмֻУǣûмһΡ
꣬˵Ҷ⻰æСֹ
Ҷ϶˵峤ſʱСѾſڵȴˣһҶϽͷɱһĳҶϵĻУ磬ôأˣ
ûˣûˣҶСļ򣬿СһȴʼԻˣ峤һˣǺ⣬ǺôŮˣأ
ҶԻʱëóˣº͵ЦëͺСһ㣬ɷǿɰ
ҶϾšëãһĨɱ𣬾ʹʱ峤ˣЦܺơ
ҶϻƿС࣬ĿĶ峤
λ峤ҶϲƵЦ˵ˡ
ëķ룬峤˵ҶȻѾµˣҾʵ㣬ǲȫڲһϣǼٵģ
Ҷϼ峤˵Ͽң΢΢һȴҲûпڣ
ǣģҵȾûе⡭峤˵
˻ҶѾս׼ʱܳˣ
Ǻе⣿峤˵
ǺϻŮƭҲɥǣҶ۶һڡ
ϣëҶϵĻʱĵĿˣءûƭ㡭ϸ磬ϲ㡭
ϸ磬ǰˣЦʵ
ȥСƨʲôҶϵһ۹۶ǰһڡ
ءûƭ㡭Ů˵ﲻðɡءĲ֪ëԽԽģȻһᡣ
ҶϼᣬͻȻһĪ˵Ĳ٣Ĳ֪飿
Ҷ֮ô룬ʵҲ򵥣һǲӵ˼ĸģȻΪᣬװװĴڡ
ỬŮӵӣţںϳ˾壬ƮҶϣ
ҶϽУԵģΪ˭ᣬͻ˭ߣȻëĵˮᾧΪҶġ
Ҷ֣ģд̾һëˣ㣡
ëҶϵĻæЦ˵ģ磬ˣ
Ҷһûᣬĺëղſˡ
Ҷ뵽ˣɬЦˣë˭һоôô
Ҷˣ峤ҲЦˣкҶϽݣԿһ㵹ˮһҶϵԱߣ˹ľҲǴ˵ˡ
壬ԭһϵûУ֮ǰҶ˵崫˵ԣֻһĴ˵岿Ѿڼǰһˡ
µ壬ʵ˵˾ľۼأôҶϾͺˣЩǴʲôʱģ
Ǳ֮ˣһνս֮ʱռеռѷ죬֮͵ĵطë丸׵Ľ͡
֮ˣҶ⻹ǵһ˵壬ѵĴô
ʵˣëļȻ֪䶼ʲô磬Ҳ֪ûɽ磬ǣȴ֪ǱȻڵģֱΪ˼磬ڤ硣
Ҷզ಻ѣֳ֪ʶˣԭڣô᲻ɽأ
뵽ˣҶ̧ͷգаǴңܹһҲ
ɴ˿ɼҶѾһλʿתһλɵʿˡ
ֻǣģʿмλ̤ϴ˵еͨ׶Σܹأ
תʱ֮·ļᣬѾעҪһһˡ
֪Ҳ֪ʵ˼羭꣬ǧɵĹУܾĥԣǳģΪͱǸһȣʶ˼ûжٶкøС
ǣͬһԶ໹Ҫһȼģڴ˵еɽ˼м䣬ԣĳӤаĵУ޳ɵļʣҲҪ߳ܶࡣ
ֻǣ飬ûͬһռУʶ޷֪Ĵڡ
ҲãоͲֺһ㣬Ϊ޳౥ܼ尾̶ӡ
˼ߣΪȽ飬Ҳ޺ôԽԡ
ҶϾ˼һʵҵѣӺ˪
⻰һ֣峤ɫͱˣ˵壬һǷִ
Ҷ֪Ӻ˪Ŀжڣ׵ҵ壬ȴǲףֱɱ壡
һ£˪Ȼͨ챾죬ҲֻΧ£սˣ
峤бᣬûкļ¼Ҳ˵Ⱥĺعأ֪ǿѹͷߵĵʶĵɽУ˴򽻵
峤˵¾ô£ǣʻʱӶһ֪˹ˡ
峤ΣˣɱǣһĹǲɱɣֻȥй¶飬Ӵˡ
峤ʹ˰ʱ䣬һеĲԶûֻܽӺ˪Ѻڵ¼
һֻӺһֻʮλ񣬽Ӻ˪Ӽнˡ
ֻӽ忪ʼֱӵɨʹ壬Ŵ˻ᣬӺ˪ˡ
ǿ֪ȥˣҶ꣬̾ѣԭ˹壬ǿص˼ôֻŮɫŮǿ鹤ģǻɱĿꡣ
뵽ˣҶϸӵˣôŮػ֪Ѿ˰ɣ
֪׷ɽϣɽû׷ȥëص
Ҷϻһ²⣬ʵΪʲôҪҹǵĻأ
ë⻰εĵͷֺγǱ׫һµĹ£ȷƭҶˡ
ʱ峤ȴػˣҰŵģСëҵ˼ǣ
ëԣæ˷룬ֻǣͷȴ̧һֱͷϸĽ
ƭ㣬ǾͲɽ֪λѣһɽʲôطǣҪɽë峤˼


209 طɽ
һڵĽðɣҶˣ²˼һˣ෴Ҫмأ
ֻŮȷ峤ȥģȻҶҵѡҶϼȸжв֪ô˵أ
ŮҲֻİɣЩģ峤˵
Ҷһ룬ô£ֲýָֻŵýһһʮ˵ǹİǱˣһ˵Ůģ
Ҷϲòվ峤ؾһô˵峤жȴΪ峤ǻһͼĶ˼άһǻģͺһĻţûʲôֲԣǣʵȺӵһкл
⻰ˣͬҶҲ𾪣޺ת˰ɣ
Ϲӵж񽣣һûʲôܵġ
㻹ǵɽôѵĴɽ磿ҶЩʵ
ԻҡͷƲƲ죺޺ôǴ忴ˡ
Ȼӵɸ֮ˣҲûУջȴǵһ峤ص
һ峤ô˵ҲͲòԼˣ룺ʦ˵ǱӤ
ԭʦӽͷģһۣǰʦλʹˣԣ֪Լûеأʲô޺ˣ
ϸ磬ҴӦ㣬ǡȻʵһĿѾʿ֮ٵĸڵˣͻƸڣ봫˵еͨڣɷȥɽ֤ʵһ´£˵
Ҷϵ˵ͷôһ죬һȥɽ磡
ʵ֮Ҫԭֹ峤ô˵С۵ĵ˵ͯջ壬ʦҲô˵Щģ˵ʦƭĻ峤һμ棬һλİܲƭɣңʦǸȷ˵޺ʵʦҲǿнջ壬һ
ҶԼãʰһЩȱսƷʹСӷɽǰëӲҪȥҶһڷˣһδεĽѵԺŰ£ܴͨŮӡ
ëԸǣ丸෴ֻ֣ܲԸ
û߶Զ˵ˣϸ磬Ϊʲô椣;ҲįοǻЩģǿ԰ǣ
ҶˣԼôˣ¾ǲԴ椶ôܺͨŮӱء
ԣҶϺˣǻ֣ܶʤҲߺܶࡣ
ɶŮð㳤˾֪ˣҶһɵɻش˹
һЦ˵ϸ磬ҿ椶ܺð
⻰һֱĬСˣСҧ촽Ŀһ˿ɫȴҲû˵ϾСһεսҲεġ
˴ӣȻ֪壬Ͳڹ˼ʲôˣк·һͷգɽٶȥ
һǰһһ·ɱֱɽ
Сʱ֮ڳ֮ǰֵĵط֮󣬼ɽ٣ܿɽ
Ҷһǰȥ
СҶϵྯܣ󷽣һɵӡ
˲׵ľ룬͵̨֮أֱ̨УҶ̨ɣŮȴټ
ڴ˵ȺȥҶ˵꣬ͺһƮ̨
̼䣬Ҷ̨ϣĿͷšҶϸ̨ҲûʲôأվˣŮˣ
һһ飬ʮ֮ӰӶûмŮûг֡
С͹ɵϣ˾Ͷ̨֮ϣʼˡ
һȣһֱڶûмŮֻҰκһ˵ĵУѾҰǵĴˡ
ϣֶſһӣûˣûмŮ
ϸ磬Ů᲻Ӻ˪ˣСüͷ˵
ӦòɣҶҲЩˣѵĶˣ
а취ͻȻ˵
ĿͬʱƳһĹЦǺǺǡСڣ
˵޷СȻͲȴҲˣʮһĹУҲаСӡ
û뵽ˣǺа񣬾˵;ˣڴ˵һ
ҶϿЦδһаŮԣջֻĪаˡ
ֻǣС⻰ɫͻ䣬һȭСƨôô˵أ
ⲻǰ˵˵ĺòãεĻص
С뻹ô£͵ͷˡ
ҶҡҡͷʮǰѾԼˣǵ쵼˵ĸо̾һɣֻˣ
ͷٵĺôаûʲôˣͷ𣺡ŮаˣǸ;ˡмƷС˧磬ǾԵĴ֮ء
ص£ĳ˵Ůа񡱶֣Ѿˣ֣;Ϳʼ䶯ˣ
һҶϵڵİ⣬һʯͷͻȻ˶һŮͶǿʯͷϣĿ̰Ķǡ
峤æ񣬲Ҫ󣺡Ҷҵס˼磬Ѿ֮£ֻ֪ˣʿõҵȱؽ鷳Ҫй¶ȥ
ҶڴӦˣùصҶϾųǵġ
峤ɽ֮ϵĶʲôҶϺ峤˴˿һӣżʵ
ɽ֮ϣһֻһֻֻ֪һһŮʲôҲŮֵƵ˵Ůڱչأأų˰ѵĿܣҲ˵Ŀǰֻʣµֻлᣬǰҹ˵˲ܵġ峤˵
ϸ΢ãڽƵŮϡ
ŮȻ磬һ٣ϰȴ֮Ȼ෴áˡȡ˵ԪΪ޵ĸ峤͵
Ҷһ⻰͹ЩĿĸоٿһڣȴһ鶼ûСҶżǰɴ˿ɼǲעЩġ
ͨЩҶҲͷſĶˣô峤ŮζԸ
Ů޸֮ֻأҪ̸֮װ峤̾һüͷ˼һ
峤˼ǾȲˣҧأ룺ϸ磬ҾɱȥûлᣬܻŮŲˣ
Ҷҡҡͷ²ߣսܣпɱʣҶŮа񣬻Ϊԭ
峤һĿ˸ĶŹһĨĹâλܾȳѣ
峤ʾҶϼæʵ
Ǵ֮нջ壬չ˵˵޺תˣ˵޺һӲŮɫԪǾѵ֮Ϊնзհ峤Ź˵
ظ
ظ½ڣշѣ¼


210 ɾ
򶨵վ̨Ŀ˸ĶŮ
ŮŮһ㣬һϮ£ڷз裬ʯͷϣ̨һ㹴飬Ǹˣ࿴ۡ
ֻǣŮжôҶˣŮɽ٣ҶȴŮͣΪӣС죬ǺйϵĹ
Ů䶨֮󣬼˺ľȻǴСӣʱŭڣ㣬ﻹû㣬Լˣ
˵ţŮ˹Ҷӷɿ죬һŮ͹мλãȥŮĶһԣס֣ҰĴ֮ˣ
ԶԣҾǴ֮ԸҡҶֹŮͼæ˵
ŮĿһ˵ȻˣǾɣ
˵ţϵ·ΪƬɢˣһվŮǰ
СһæסԼ۾ŮŹĳͷ˻գðð
ҶϽ˻ᣬŮľϣԵźû⣬ǣҪӺ˪
УŮܹɣһֱŹĳ
ܽŮסɾӰҶ˳ŮĿɨһۣȻͬ죬ȻСӸ첲ô󣬶һһ죡
Ҷɨһۣ˼һСǵǣɲŮһĻգ
Ҷ⵽СΣæԼ¶˹ȴ
æӦŵ·䣬ͺʹȹһס
ֱڱˣŮĿ⣬ɲƿʱҶϼæ˵ͷʹһɫ
ͷ̶صŮߣͯϣ¶һһЦݣףǸ˰ɣ
úãǿ˵ţŮͽԼĻУĿɲ뿪ĳԶߣ
Ҷһץ۾С̤࣬׷ȥĿ󣬺ֻһ׵ľ롣
һСε·̣һ£֮ϣĴĶѨɰǧ
ŮվһȽϴĶڣһֱȥˣ
Ҷ̧ͷɨһۣѨ֮ϣСǧ߶
ҶһСֱ࣬ǧ߶
붴Ѩǰİ׷ȻҲŮ
Ҷ϶ʱӿٶȣŮˣʲôȻǵ֮ǣǧ߶ϾǧٿףڲṹӣһŮǾ˷۱
ǣҶ֪ܲŮ׵ı۷ˣڳ֮УʱܹǵĿܲ
ȻҶ²ʮ֮Ҷ׷ŮǣѾһʯ
ʦҶϽ붴Ѩһ̣һĽк
Ҷϼæ˳ȥһ˩һϣͺһӲ˩ӡ
ӣҶЩŵӡ
ʱӣáӡˣѾ㲵˼㣬񣬱ҶϸӵݣȥͺͶࡣ
ӵȫ£ֻڳһ鲼һһ߹ǣɼչͷ߸ϵһߣѾȫĸıģ
ҶϱӵԱߣ˵езâһͺǸƣһ
۵һ죬ҶһΪ
ӣ˪أҶϼæʵ
Ƿӡǿʯͷ֮УܿǣǿĻص
Ҷ˳ӵָȥһԲʯͷڶڣףֱһҡ
Ҷסˣƽӡ֮ȻϿǣǾڶʱܹʩɵġ
Ҷü̶ֱȥʯͺߣ㣡
⻰˵꣬С߲ͱˣˣȻұ㣡
Ҷϱʯ飬С౳ӣĿĴ£Ŷڱȥˡ
ѨȻ֧·ǳĶ࣬ǣĿͼ򵥵Ķˣӵʱ䣬Ǿͱ˶Ѩ
Ҷ̨򣬺һΣյĵطȫĵطѡ̨
ϸ磬ûĵطðɣСཫӷ̨ϣڴڵĺ
ðһԣ˵ΣյĵطȫĵطôҶϻص
Сһ룬ҲǰѡȻкܶôһŮ׷ɱΣȻŮĵ̣һҴ
ҶҲʯڵϣţñڵʩչ˻Ϊ̨֮Ȧ
ЩҶûʱͣС࣬ｻˣȥѨ֮п¹һӦ
СǵԭƻҲûʲôģֻҶ뿪ʱС˵Ҫ㰲ȫĻ
Ҷϼӣ˶٣һʱ䣬һ̤գһ𷵻ǧ߶֮С
˵ǧ߶ŮＱĽžҪＱĸһϧĴ֮ŮȴѡǹʵĸһǺҶϸɵɾѪ
Ͼûжپ飬㱻УֱԺҶϼѾ뿪ӣͻȻԼѹʱŮѾȫһߣڹϣŹҪ
ͻȻˣбӣ𼱣ҵĵһΣҪҵȤɣ
ȤŮȤˣʵŮԪΪǣȴҲĶģ룬ȷȤĺãʹӦˡ
ҧ͵Ůǰ̶۾ŮȻ֪ʲôͷ촽
һӹȥˣһʹһũūŮѹ£ʱѾ죬ǣҶȴûз
룬ǶְɣȥĴػ٣ʦ͵۵ĵǲ²⣬Ķ񽣣ͯӹһʧȥȻ˹
ԣԼʧȥ񽣣ڵ۵ʱ֪ζʲôǣ˵ۣʦεʱȴŷ֣˶񽣣˱ոա
Ůѹ£ʼһһ磬һĴϣ⻬ȥ;֮䣬»һֱ˶Ƥ
ʱŮѾ԰ΣԶ򿪣ȴղܵʱ̡
һֱȥԼ˫֣ȴԼ֮ϰһ¡
漣ˣȻһϰӣذ¶ĿָֻСҲӲġ
ǸϰӰ֮󣬹͵͵Уʱʵǿĵģװ˲ٶ
١ٶȡ㡭Ů˫ס˹ļԣǹСû̫Ŀһѳֲס
õģϾ˵ţŰӵֻ֣¶ϣðֱ֮䡣
ùȫһ


211 Ů֮
˲֮ʱȴͻȻ˵תˡ
ιˣףôжŮãˣǽԼһֻ۾ץõ·ȥһʱôͶһϰӣһǱķ죬һģһ
֮£æȥץǣָյ֮䣬ͻȻоһ֮ͨСŮͻȻʧɫ
ͨ˵Ƿǳֲģͣ
νָ࣬ľӡǣͲһˣӡĹУͱ¯ˡҲ˵ͺʿĵһ
ܼ򵥵ķ֣ӵͱö࣬ʵҲǿɵղҲ򵥣һжơ
ǣͨ˺һѳе֮ͨ٣٣һġоʧ޷ʩչ򵥵˵Ƿ˵УҲܳΪˣ
ɼһйǺĴŮ壬ɱ
Ҫ˵⹥ĴҶϾ֮أ͵͵ЦˣһΣһѩŮҶϻ˾飬һθټ֮ͨ۵ţһ͵ĵط⽫Ƕôֲһ¡
ѩŮѾ֤ʵֹ
ֻǣҶȻ͵Ц̫ˣһʲôѩŮǹѣһһǳֻص
ŮһֱֻϸĶһӲԼĶѨС

һҺֱֻ۲ȡ˳ֱ۳֮ǰָѾһƬѪģˡ
Ůֱ۲ţûСǣָѾȫĿˣֻһֻѪɫĴӡ
ԭŮԼѾ޷ͨɢ͹Լһֻ֣ͨ׵ˡ
ңҲϰװЩȡ˳ȻѪˣҲ˺
ҶϿ׵סˣ벻Ůһ֣ͬʱҶҲʶΣˣһαؽŮһɱ䡣
뵽ˣ󷨣ȥٻӴܵĹߣ
ʹʱŮߵһɱǣ
ţ˱һӰٳ
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Ҷ϶ҲûлῴˣأܳѨ˵Ҷϵľ飬Щ󷨣һһƽ⣬ֻǣһЩʱ䣬һЩУ˵δһ¡
һ˳˶Ѩǣո̤ȥʱ򣬾һͷһС˳һӰͳڶǰסĿȥ·
Ŀ֮£װǵӰϣֽŷˡ
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Ҷ࿴ˣ߾ȻһֻѪϸһⲻŮôһӱˣ
ԭŮŭ֮󣬾һ·ֱײû󷨣һ·ͱĿǰģˡ
ҶϻЩţ󷨽ŪģˣΪʲôûŪţŪʲôġ
ͬʱʶһ⣬ûлˣֹҲǺ£
ʱոصŮһֱ֮ˣǹˣǾԱҶϽŪǺޣһ֮£ٷ
Ҷϱֻ֣ɱ
磬᲻Цǣţյָһָͷ⣬ֱŮ
壬Ǻǡɱں꽲٣Ҷϻص
ʱ⣬Ȼ嵽ŮԣŮٶȷɿ죬æ㣬ȻѾûˣǣݺݵظһΣڶûȬ֮£ȻǼɻĶ񽣡
ȻҶᣬ·ۿһڶûˡ
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Ů׵ķˣܽâ˸·ˣЩ񽣣ȥض񽣴̳ѡ
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ǣȻһε͹ҶϣոճҶϵߣҶһ塣
ͨһûʲôģǣǱȴһаĿǣ֮
һȥӾͼС˽롣ҶϺһŮǰһʱͻȻлһ
䣡һ죬Ҷٶȷɿ죬ʮң۶Ů
ʱŮȫǷһһðẓ́׹ˡ
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Ŀӷɿ죬һ֮£ץУ㷵Ҷϵļϡ
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ҶϵĿ⣬ȴˣûϸ硭ʲô񹦣ôţ
ҶЦʵղŻɱŮĹȻǻƾʽѾƾķˡ
ǰãҶ޳ƾϵͻƸڣʵ֮ǰѾˡ
ʦأھ̾һμҶϳ֣ˮʽ䲻Ĺսʱ侲ۺǾǾƷ׽Ĵʦ
ǣ˼ͬʱ֣ĿڵѪһ֮£ǰ츺˵˿ڣѿˣѪ
˶ϲʹѣҶɨһ˰ɣ
ʵĿǰҶϣҲǱˣΪеϣѾҪΪ֮̶
ǣΪҶϻǽӹС
￩ֽţ˷ܣͽֱˡ
ԣЧǺԵġտ죬ںϸӵĿ죬еһ졣
Ȼֻ۾ˣɫҶϲ֪ԭĿ۾ɫеġ
һֱҶϵļϣϵգں̤ȥ̨
ǣ˸˲Զ̨ǱУ
⣬ʲǫ̂ˣҶϺƽ⻭Ϊ֮
İڷĻܹǶ˵
һ񣬿ԼȫǳģԥˣϾǱСڣңʯзӡģòҲһŮˣ
ԥʱһ죬ŻΪ֮ѾƽˣҲҵˣ壬֮С


212 ƽɽ
ԭҶ뿪ãһֻ˫ǵϬţͳˣϬţ֮Уһͺɧǣǲ͵Ӱ
Сŵһ£ֵϬţ༱ˣ£ڣȻǺܶܣǣΪˣȻһ嵽ǰ档
ӸҶôˣѾкܶϰߺҶϷǳˣǰĵСųѾȫĿ˷ˡ
ǣ뵽лΪ֮ʩչıȦͲЦˣлΪˣ
ȻΪȻҶʩչǳĴ󣬵ǣϬţҲһ㣬˫ײһӣͽΪ֮׵Ĵݻˡ
ǣʩչġϬţ˵һ룬סˣΪľŮһһŮһʯͷ֮ϣڱʯͷһ㡣
СϬţԵһСʵ
ǲǡҪԼ
ʶ㣬˭С༱æӻص
ȻԷ֪࣬һʱɣĵУԸܶʱƽҶʩĻΪ֮ߣʤ㲻
šζ˵ֻСǲǲ͵⣿Ϭţűӣ˿
ʦʱӿҶĵﵽ̨
⣬⡭СĶ࣬һδӵĻ
ʵСҲҶϣǣʱǱ¶ҶϣȻǵ
⡭⡭ֻСǲŮ£ʶүүɣԺϬţүүˣأүүڣϬţ˵
СͻȻЦˣָϬţ󣺡󣡡
Ϭţԣæתǣתһ̣һȻ
͵ϮүүϬţһҶ϶ûȡرͱϬţһ߷ˡ
ҶϷ˼Ą̇ıϣٿϬţıѾʼϬţȫϬţˣһסҪ˱ȴǱȫճһ
ܳĸϬţһĽγ̶˼ֱۣһԼһֻ֣ӹʴ
ֻǣУҶѾվˣȻɨУȴ˺۲ǵƤˡ
һγɱʱСľһתӣͻȻ̽Ϭţĺ󱳡
ϬţһθˣӵķˣͻȻתǡһľˣһСУһϬţڡ
ǣϬţɱСʱҶϱһɱˣһ̴һֻӡ
̣ðһɣһɵŨ̡
ǣϬţ벻ҶϺС֮£ȻʩһӣһλˣǱʹϬţֱϡ
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ǣڶԻʱϬţϱ۴ۿɼٶȣȻֱۣʱ˲ŻȻ򣬸ֱۣϬţκӰ졣
ͬʱҶ෢һ⣬Ϭţûӣ̨ҶϼŮҵӡ
Ҷһ˲ˣؾǺŮ˫޵İ°ɣɱ˼ҵ˫ް£͵ڻ˼ҵǰ̣ʶ֪ˣⲻһս
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Ϭţһɫ۵һ˦ҪԴЩʡ
ҶϿʱ򣬾ЦˣǾɲ򵥣ǹĶ񽣣Ϭţǵ͹˹ˡ
Ȼ񽣵Ϭţı۰ʱųͣһһϸСķɽˡ
Ϭţ鼱֮£ֱֻۣǣôĿ죬ܿӴֱ۵ķɽ
ͣͬһʱ䣬ɽϬţĸ첲Ӹ첲һһΣϬţֱ۳׵ķˡ
ͬʱҶЯҶ֪Ѿٵ˺ϬţľһΣҲɱˣ£ϲߣڸ˵ʱ򣬲ɱ
ԣҶһָλãϬţüģҪһϬţ
ϬţʱѾ֣벻ʿˣλǾĸ֡
ԣˣתͶˡ
ֻǣʱϬţҲҽӴˣתһ̶ߡ
׷ᣬϬţһʧڼ˵֮С
Ҷ̾ϢһϬţʵ̫ˣǹСϣҶϵ֣ûһȡʤİա
Щģһδ⣬ųˣǣصʱСεı۾촩·
ʲô·һСࣺСֲûм˵壡
ûҴ·С۾
㴩·㱼ĲɣʵտʼҲͦ˼ģС྽ȵӣûʲôˡ
˻ʱҶӵߣӵļ򣺡İɣһܽ⿪ӡ
Ѿ˺üˣҲӡ֮ģεƲƲ죬ҡҡͷ
°ɣ峤ûа취Ҷϻص
壿Իˡ
ȥǸ䣡Ҷϻص
ˣ֪ˣǷ壬Ҳý³̾һ
أȥˣҶʵ
˪ϣһ𱻷ӡȥˣָʯ˵
ðɣǾ뿪̫ΣˣȻϬţǰȱж˲鷳£Ҷ˵ţͱʯ顣
ιˣǻȥҶϺһ
һӺ󣬼ĿĴ·֮£һ·ɱֱ塣
ʦǲǳɣЩǣϾ˪ͶŴ壬һӣףͺʹˡ
峤һλ¸֮ˣƽϣͲָ·ôҵأҶЦ
ʦҴˣͻȻ˵
ôˣ
˪ǹ۲ٶ֣˾ĻҲδʵҡԴһε˵
ԭǽӵ֮󣬾ֱˣ˾ṩĵͼжźҵʵ̫ˡ
һ壬ӼɱǣҶȴЩжҲΪİΣ
ͨӵĽҶϲ֪Ŀ˪ɥɽˡ
񽫶˸ɽ̶ȥˣǸ̤ɽײŮ
Ů˴һսˣŮҪɱ˪ӡ
ʱĿûΣŮһǣĿϾޣҲֻ԰ֽܾս
ǣ֮ǰһ仰ڣƽɽ
ҲɣŮŽǵĿ˲ƽɽ
ܳΣҶϼţ۾


213 
ţܰһƯŮأЦǺǵĻص
ŮҶĿ˸ǰڷеĿоǲ졣
롰Ů֮Ĳ֪࣬ôҲܽһײĺӺŮҹһ
ҶϺܶʱ£Ŀ˯Ůʲô߹ˣ
ʦ㻹ŰǺãŮƣ˵ţǰ˼ӵԱߣʦŮŮʦ۽磡
￩Ľţҡҡͷ
ΰ㣬ʦ뿴˵ģһ˵
ҶϼȥлŸʯ飬ŵĿ⣬ϸĿ
ĿͷУȴڵĶ˶ҡ
˵ҶϾһ
ˣҡҡĿͰ͵ģС˵ѱһ㡣
ΰҵ뿴ÿҵ㳤ʲôأҶɷк˵
⻰Ŀҧ촽ĬһԼһԼĵֻ۾ֻ۾ͻȻʧȥ˹âںˣֻ۾Ҷϵע֮£׵ʧˡ
ҶϾ֮ͣʯͷڵϣ׵סˣ۾ĶĿأϳһ̶ͷϵëںڣƮݶϵëʧˣ¶ѩ׵ļǣ仯ǰصʱһҶϵĻУҶϵ¹ס壬ű仯Ůģ
ҶϾֵɢĵ㣬ǰȾϲЩ
ˣҺÿ𣿡ϣ¶һĨЦݡ
šÿҶѪĳ嶯ԴѪˣֻǣһƻãȴôʵ
һоС඼סˣգ۾ɻ᲻Ҳܱ仯ˡ뵽ˣС糺죬ֻɿǹİ
Сɫ֮ǰһҶϲ࣬ͬˣĿûŮǻû˧磬һһ
ʲô֣ҶϻˣȻͷ΢Сһ㣬һ弸ӣҹȴҲʵʵľ˰ʯǺջˮ
ˣҽĿﰡֻ͸ҵģѵұӣͲʶˣŮĿɺӵʱһ崿
֣ȻѾܻûˣԺ͵˵֡ҶüͷòײŴлָ
Ƕ˰ȡһְɡЦǺǵ˵
Ҷͷˣȡ֣ȷһ˵Ⱑ
磬ɣôСཨ


214 £
С飬ǰҶϣĿ˸ĶŻеŮѯСŮ뷨
ӣ򡭡֪ϣôʲô˼أĿ˸ʵ
Ưͻݵ˼Ҷϻص
Ư֪ͻʲôʵ
ҶϳˣĿòĻ࣬ǣߴߴİ죬ǲ֪ôͣһ䣺Ǻõ˼
Ưãôõְððһɣһķ羰䵽Ҷϵˣ˲ʱҶϾˣɶڻɣظǲǶܴ󣬺ˣ
ʵ֮뷨ҶѾ˲ٵŮŮˣǴͣҼߵԵͣ
ҶϻȵĿ⣬￴ˣֻ˵һ仰˾ҪȢң
Ҷϼæ۾ͷˡ
Ѿ˵ŶοѾһ˯ټ޸ˣǲǲˡУһҪǣ¾ˡ
ҶϾͲûԼ⣬ʲôʱˣĿⲻעŮ˵ЩȻǷǳĲµ飬ðɣ˰ɣ
Ҷϲȥת˻⣺㻹𣿡
⡭⣡崿ľͺһŰֽһûзҶתƻĿģ̾ʹӦˡ
ţҶϻһ䣺ԺҶˣ̫ˣ
ҽʲôգ۾ӣͺһ峺͸
ҽϸ硭Ҷϻص
УСͺһôܺһأⲻ˱ˣĿＱæص
㻹޸ʦǲǸ治ˣЦ
ҲǰǣҾͽ㽣ϸ硭Ŀ˸
ҶӣһӣһôԴĺĺ
ʶԼ˵ˣ͵ͷһԵС࣬ͣϸ磬ҲҪ޸㣡
ͣ
ҶϣӺ͹һӺ͹ҶϵĿ⣬ǸͽʣĽӺˣ
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ûڣҲܰϸأСɫ΢΢糺ͬʱȴǳļᶨ
ҡðɣðɣ¾ʹ˴סȥ壬˪ʯͷأҶεƲƲ졣
ȥ·ϣҶϲ֪Ŀﱾּһ־һĶѾͨĺӣԣ˼άǳĺãܺ͹һᵽ˵ζΨһ˲ģԡ
ǣҶϾĿʵʵڵһֻСˡ
Щʱһֱؾܱ仯ˡҶһˮ˵ͬʱнˣ仯ɵŮҲһӵˣ
ȻһӾûôõˣܾĺȴȫëֻŮ
˵䣬ͷɽ˴ӣڽ֮ǰб仯˺ˣϾտʼûΣʱ䳤Ҫĵ࣬Ͳò仯ɺˡ
壬ӣͱòôˡ
֪ʱ·ʱ򣬱Χˡ
ҶͻȻͣ˽Ų˻ûзʲô쳣ʱͶܺ͵͵ģ
Ҷ⻰˵꣬ʮֻˣΧУȴû̶֡
ӿƣľ֣ѵģǲܣ
ҶϼæֹǺҶѾ֤˵ģ֮԰Χǣһһεʱǡ
ֵʱ峤Ҵҵرˣզ£զ£
ֻ峤㱨ʲô峤֧֧꣬˵һʲôЩĿƵĶˡ
Ҷ֪һ峤ǽΧˣֵл
ţ˾͸峤һ峤ļУֻе鳤У˷룬ǲܺ峤
ڻȥ·ϣ峤ҶϻеĴʯͷۣȴҲû˵ʲô
ص鳤УëüҶϻˣһһ飬Ӻ͹ֻܸӵĽʣˣ
ëķ֮£ҶںǴϻˡ
ǰȫ峤֣˵ˡ
Ҷл峤Э峤Ĵû
ˣֻǡ峤ĿͶǿʯͷҡҡͷ
峤Ѿˣʲôʽƽ⣿Ҷϼæʵ
ǵʯΪΣƷһִֻ߷ƽ⣬ֻ˵δ֪ƽ֮ϧһλˣѾˣ䣬˵֪ء峤̾Ϣ
˼޽⣿ҶϺӣͬʱɴ۾
峤ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһǻشˣ


215 ı
峤Ļһǧʯһ㣬ѹҶϺӵϣʲôʯΪΡδδš
νĵʯΪΣʵһƣַֻ˼ټԡˣ͵ȥͻƿˣ峤ȵ˵
ǣôȥӽʵ
˼ȫռ䣬Ҳ֪ǣȻҲﰡ峤ص
⻰˸ӵĽˡ
峤ôʯͷ֮У᲻£Ҷϼæʵ
Ȼͽ˹Ѻãʮ֮ڣ£ʯУ峤ص
ҶϺһڳ
ţ˺ܶ⣬ܽһ仰ûͨڵĵУǲҪ˰ɡ
峤⽲һ£ڼǰһλͨߣڿռѷżȻ磬ͱ統ǹץˡ
͵Ʒȥоˡ
˲֪ôӶݵģ˵ˣ
ҶͻȻĿӣ뵽ʲôһʵѵпռѷ֣
Ҷ£峤һ£ˣ˵ֻأһοռλλʱн֮ʱʱͻпռѷ֡
ģʲôʱ򣿡Ҷϼæʵ
󣬰ǰйһΣǣǽҵ˽֮أʱϵȴʧˣ峤ص
ʲôط˷ܵʵ
ִҪȥգǿԺһȥ峤ص
ҲֻˣҶ̾һ
һʧ䣬ʯ飬۽Ứ֣ꡭ
ҶҲã˪Ĭϣ޶ˣʵ͵֪ˡ
ԣ峤˵ΣεĿֲ˽磬εıңȴһҲŲҶϡ
ʹʱ峤ԥʲô˺һӣ˵ʵʷϣȥ磬Ҳص˼䡭һλзǳտʿ˼ʵ۵ʥּģǵʥּʲô֮ͨʥּټ˵Уʶص˼䣡
˭ҶϲŹκε
ֲ꣬ǣ˵еʥּʲôƵڡĿĺѰŮഺפ֮峤ص
ڣҶ֣ˣôֺڳϹϵˣѰŮ˲֮Ϊģǡһ쳾Ц֪֦㡣
ʦ㲻˵ɱǸôͻȻҶǰ˵Ļ
Ҷϵ˵ͷֹɱǵõһҪϢûжȤȥ̽صģڿ̽һβˣ
峤г˿⣬Ҷϵ˾Ҫˡ
ǰëһĿࣺϸ磬ʲôʱ
ҶЩҪңá˵ôëѧĺﲢ࣬԰ɣ
ɣҶϻص
ܴ𣿡ëҶϡ
Ҷҡҡͷ⣬ʱҪ뿪ˣȻʿɱ䣬ˣ
ǰë㲻ܻˣ峤˵
Ҷ˸ˡ
Ҷ뿪ã峤ϣ¶˼թЦݣҵҩˡԿҲȥѰˣǺܶ鷳£
Ҫϸ統֮ŵҩӣëֵ
ܣϸǺˣ˵
ˣ˻ܵô峤ɫ
УҲ㺦Ҫȥš˵ţë̫գҪ׷Ҷ϶ȥ
ϣȻˣ峤ŭһڿлһȦӡ
Ȧӱ˾âԲȦ峤һȥУȦӺܿʧֵʱѾëȦС
ȦӺһ㣬סëʱһȦһȦë죬ܿë˾âһԲֵֻܿ
ðɣС¡æ顣
㣬㲻Ҫ˵ˣһӳȥһ¾Ǹ߽ϸʵëᶨĻص
һãȻͦõǣҲò̾⻰ǱŽ
Ȼ峤ȻŭʮأѵȲʶ죿
ֻ֪Ǻˡëص
峤ŭһ߼һСʯ飬һ㣬̶˳ȥʯ׳ȥʱͻȻˣҴλô򿪣ëɽȥˡ
ʯΪΣʱ䣬ú÷ʡɣ峤Ե
ˣðɡ峤
峤һĺ⣬ǲҲȥ
һɵվʯȥˡ
ߵʱһֻϬţͻȻձ峤ǰ͹˵峤µѾɡ
ҶʵΣ峤ʵ
峤ȫ˾֪ˣǴģȥˣŮˣ峤ܷϬţص
ǿãһֻˣʵ룬ֵˣ峤ص

ԭһпƺܺĹ£ֻһֶѣ˪ʵȥ˾һְٰߣ֪˼һڣǣ˼㣬˾Ҳûޣԣһڵĺ÷ʽ
˪ӱץ֮˪Ϊʣ˵µľ
ôˣҲûʲôģǰʿûϰҲмʮˣʵǿģװĿͰͣȡҪ˵ǵĴڣʵߣɱ֮
ԣ˪ɾˣοȥģ˹Ȼã
ԣŮϬţɽ˶ˣǣ·ɱҧҶϵĳ֣һжˡ
Ӻ֮УѾ֪ҶŴˣţȻǲã
峤˼ȥ뵽ôһȫıŮϬţϷ
ʵŮҲǿģ˾ʲôУҲǹ

˵Ҷϣ뿪壬һ·ֱ˪Ͷţ;ȴҲе¼ţ
һС͹Ҳ壡
ǴҶϵ˻ȥʦģסʦֽһţɵõԵ
Ȼ󣬾ûӰˣʹˣ˵ʦѾȥˡ
òҶȥ˹
ʦûжٺøУ֪ʦȥˣֻ˵һ䣺ԺҲȥˣ
պ󣬼ڻص˹
ϵģſųӣ⼸ûл˺ܶĹ˿ͣ
Сգ۾Ŀ˸ԭôĹ˿ͣ
ӽĻصʲô죬죬ֶǹ˿ͣ
ྪȵҶϣǻ᲻ṥ
ʮҲңȴ
һС͸ӾҶˣڣǵУҶϾͺһĴڣ
ӣϹţˣӪҵҶ˵
ҪάȥȻռҪٵԺʹﻻȡʯǣδʱ䣬ҶԼԼһҪͻͨڣȥһ磡


216 ǿ֮
ӿʼӪҵˣҶϾͽʯ鱧¥ϣ˪Уҧҧ촽˪ţǰĵĵȴһӰɣ㽫ͱһҲὫǾȳ
Ҷ˵꣬п˼ʯͷת뿪ˣҶ뿪֮ʯͷˮ
ҶϻصԼķ䣬͹ţҪ˼һδ·ôߡ
ϸ룬Ҷϲŷ֣һֱǱ˱һһ̤ǿߵ·ߣȻǿ֮ĵˣѾʲôͨĹˣǸǿޣаʿԣһֱˣڷгɳ
ۺʿĶʱ䣬Ҷܽβһʿֻһ·һ̤ǿߣ޵¡
ûɣû޵УǣһΣһεѾ˾·ǿֻбǿ̤ԣǿ֮ģҶϵУȼһ
ʱҶϲףʵԼ̤һ·˺ؽֹļա
ҶϺѾϰˣ£øӵĸȤˣÿһνÿһɱ֮ôһĿУֿУʹһΣһεĴ򶷡
ò˵̤·ĳΪ˱֮ȴݱһģȻʱգҶԼҲԼûģûΪ²ܵаֺ壿
ǣҶ֪ҪţҪԼԼߵˣ
ôԺָúȥδӣδÿһֵȥ
ҶһŴĻ貣һѪ嵴
ҪȥֱľͷҶȭͷ
ȻԼ·ߣ͵һʲôӺ
ܵһôߣһĲܱ䣬Ǿǿ֮ģԣҪȥһ˾ٵͲ軻ȡʯŬУ
ڶɾҪȥѰڵܣܷҵǵʥּҵȥصһЩϣ
⣬һγǸ֮ȥѪŮˡ
뵽Ҷϵ׳־ĶˣȴĵʹʹһһѣΡ
֮便ʲôҶ㯵źҹǳ
ʮ죬ӪҵֻǣӪ˱ˣһλСкʮһģͷϵÿһͷźӵӣѾǺţˡ
ǣй̽ԵĿ⺢ӵһֻײеԩ䲻ԣͳ⺢ӡ
⺢϶Ҳһ£ָһâֻڣţֻȻϢۼʧˡ
Ӵˣ˾Ǳ߾дˣˣǲĽɫˣҵˣҲˡˣ֪һǹǵĵط
ʮ죬ҶȴĿյδȫ⼸չˡСõʿ֤ȥʦǱˡ
֮ҶϺӶ˴ӷгһ;ǳȥɼˣҲҪ̲סǣ
ҲˣԻ
Ҷϲҡҡͷָϵľζܶʱ򣬶ľΪȼղϡԣʮʱȫףȥľζȻ㡣
Ƴһӡ
ʦڱңӱ
Ҷ⼸죬Ϊ˶˵⣬֪ô£ӾǺ͹ϲ
˵СС˵󲻴󰡣
ԣҶü̶õһԣС˵ӰѾǴˣԺɲٺСӼƽˣС˵ĻǶ޸ݵģСӼƽϣͱСӸɵˣ
ʦ˼˵ɵӣҶϻеĵǺǱӵɨһ۹
ҶȻôΪˣôΪȥɣԺҲиԽУԽйȻǺõġ
Ȼ쿪ʼӵʱǻ֮ԸӱӵĿ⣡
ùһĪչʲôԭԽأ
һ죬̲סˣʵӣΪʲôҸоأ
֪˵ʲôΪʲô㶷˰ɣǺǺǡʦ˵ˣСӣԾǸɵӣɵӶͱɵӸɵ
һʱŭҶϾһԣֻЦҶϡ
ҶϷһۣʱȻ򣬾͵ЦŲ˵ˡ
ЦʲôЦʲôֵץˡ
Ҷʹһɫ̶˵ӣ㿴ˣˣЦǲ˵û
⻰ӵԽжʱˣͷͦأ˵жˡ
ҶƽʮǣƽȻá
˵ʱһֻɴܽ˹ͻȻĳôһֻȻ˵Ĺŵõڵϣ
¸ҵԽУź֣Сڣˣ
ֻɱߣӺӡ
һֻôŵ㣬治֪ôʿģӼ
ʵ˭ôƽ޹ʵģ죬ڶУðôһֻɣŲŹأ
ͺһǰͻȻĳһˣŵ壬οһֻë޵ĺɣ
ǺǺǡСССЦǺǵ˽
¶ˣȵЦţô֪Сڰ
֮Сǻùˣ̧ٵķʽƭӣӵĺӣˡ
Ц֮ҶϱСʵС࣬ʯΪ֮ʦ˵
Сɫһ˲̾һµģʦ˵ˣⷨû˵峤Բ飬ֻ緽ƽ⣡
ҶʵҲûбϣڴ֮ǰҶѯʹë£ʹҲû˵ԣھ׼ˡ
⻰ͻȻͨһƨɶڰϣ˵˪ʱܻصߣ
Ҷӵļ򣺡ӣҴӦ㣬ֻҪΪʦһȳĪʧǾͻƵУͻͨڣҾʹһȥ磬ʦͽ˼ʶʶ磡
ҶʮĻӶʱָ˶־ʦ㣬ϣûʦ첻飡
ҶϿɲӣֻпЦ峤˵һȥ磬ǺΪУȻ޵£ǣܳܵסһĹô
ȻˣҶҲ֪һҪһ˵·
ҲҪȥСεҶϡ
Ҳȥϸ磬ҰɣҵĶ񽣣һܰܶෳյģ˵
Ǻǡһ˵ǰ棬ˣԺܲʯĺһ˭ͻͨڣͺһȥ磡Ҷϻص
ðð

Ҷһ䲻ĻȴһĴ󶯵ȻԺˡ
Ҷɫһΰóʿ֤ʿ䣬ŹŹȥ


217 
õʿ֤Ҷϣ˾ѾҪʽˣһ·ȥ
·֮ʿȥ˾ͺ͹ȥ˾ûʲôˡ
Ҷһһٲ̤һٲʱǰĻһתԼվڹŹءȥһųĶ顣
Ҷû߼·ͱλعŹصĹˣһһֵ࣬һҶƮ
ҶʿˣλƮʱԶԶؾк
Ҷϵ˵ͷصҪȥռʦүһ£
˵ţҶϾҪȡʿֹ֤ˣҶʿԺǴкʱƷŵù
Ҷϵ˵ͷʿ̶֤λ˼׵Ļ̤˹Źء
Źأһѡ·һͨ˴·ߣÿһ·ߣȥĵطǲͬġ
Ȼ·ˣ̤ģǺ֮ǰ̤һߣߣǰߡ
ǣʿҲô鷳ˣָڿл˼ȦȦһ
ţǰӵ·棬һ·ߣ·ϣ˽ӡҶŽӡʼ̤һǰһӳ˾
ҶϺÿһ˴껣ιˣǰкִĺ£
˼ֱɨǣڹؼʱ̳أˡðɣʲô£Թԣ
û£㻹ˣҶϻص
˵˵ֱӽǣԼֵܣкͼˣ껵Ļˡ
˾ʵı仯ͱ飬Ҷ뵽ǰ;һһƬȶǰαϳֹıɫҶϸ껣
ҶҲ֪һǲ̣Ҳǵһμˣ˵ֱߵſڣŶˡ
ҶϽȥ֮󣬾ͳ׵ɵˣһУҶֱ
СӽʱôҲŰ껲ĵĽԼǻһֻŮ˳ڳʱ򣬻ֻƨһƣҷ䣬ǵ±׼ûˣ
ֻæصл
Ҷһԣڴ껵ȺãѾֲˡ껴·˵޴󴦳ǹæ
ǺǺǡͺһڣ֪ҵΪʲôѡְô֪ɣΪŮˣְλȻûжȨȴˮĲŰЦ
ͰɣҶƳһļһ
Ͳ˰ɣһŮûȤŮĶˮ͡ЦеĻص
Ҷԭһָ̾ϢһҵĲṩ˲ٰ
ǰûв裬ôתأ
ҶϲپŮ֮Щϣת˻⣺λҳ˻ŲԼһٵ֮⣬һʦү
Сôͻ˲裬ٵžͻˣһܲɣЦеĽҩ
УҶϴ
ˣʦʲô£ʦȥʮ빫ȥˣ껻ص
Ҷһ빫ģ֪ռʦүҪˣһĿأһ
ʲôʱҶʵ
˵ϣȻѾ˾ŲʮľǿشˣǣĿضȥˣҪͨʮеͬûƱ֧֣˿أ껽͵
껵ĽͣҶϸ˹Ĺ£νʮޣѳ˾ִߣڤ֮£֮ϵĴڣȻҲѹڤǮƣǴܻߣҶϸ̾ѣѻһڣ
Ҳδأһ⣡껻ص
ŶѵڤүҶϱʾȣʵ˼䣬ڤѾϰǵĿˣ
˼үǼһﱻΪ̿ͷտʼӴʱһΪպǮ̫ˣ¸ָС֪ȥôˣֱӹŷŹ˵ȫһս
ǰɣҶϾ
ϳļһǼһﱾ˾Ĵ٣ǵһޣȨ֮󣬿֪ڤˣҲҪ֡Ҳˣ˼һ죬ˣǵڶޣѾȵˣ껻ص
Ҷͺˣ˼ڰĴ˵ǾͶȥˣĵӾ磬ǽݵĳ뻯ԭǼһﱾ֮һ
Ҷϸѯʣ֪˰ԭǷ˴ֻ̫ˣʰ
ڹٳҪʮޣط٣̰ۣ֣ͷա֪ɱ˶ٵĹ
˽£壬ʵڿĹ˼вһСߣĵǼǣͷŻȥˡ
һڤйԱҽܻ¸Ǻʹ˵ее
ǣͬòôö֮Ϳʼ֤˲ˣ״浽ڤᵽ˼ȥˣ
뿪֮󣬾ŵڶ޷ȥ˵һޣӴˣڤͱڵˣ
̿ͷع֮ʺѹصĵһΪɣᵽ˵ڶޡ
һ̿ͷĻ䣬ҲôĹעڤˣ̰ۣлʢУҲ˾ռˡ
ǣ̿ͷȴ̰ۣܻߣȻǳȾ
ȻڵڤѾʱˣʶ˳ǡޡ
ô˵ͷϵǸҲڤԱˣҶϺʹ֮£ѯʡ
ɲأģ̿ͷڤӣǣճʱͷһԲԲʱĻʵ˿־壬˽һ룬ֻܱ޼ˡ껻ص
ҶԽԽ겻ѣ¹Ȼ֣٣˵еİ졣Ҳֻ룬Ը˼ң˼δԸ
ҶϵԸרȥͽԱ磬ȥô
ǣôĲɣʹʱ껵ĵ绰ˡ
һ룬ͶҶһƣ̶˵绰
ʦʲôڶΣ껲ոջ˵ڶ޺̿ͷʦ绰˵ˣˣ
˽̸һӣ껲Ź˵绰˵绰֮󣬴껾ͽĿⶢҶϣ˵ܲٲܲپ͵̿ͷҪˣĹٽ
ʦүʲô˼Ҷʵ
ʲô˼˻Ʊ£˵ľˡһٵȥһأٵʹϧ˵
Ըȥʶһ´˵еĺ̿ͷһٵҵԸ֧ˣҶĿ˸ܾýύһλţ˾ԱȻҲһ¡
֮⣬ΪҪǣ̿ͷӡ̫ˣĹԱˣڤƱظӰˡ
ġðɣʹȥҶԸ֧ٵ˵жˣͲûؿͷл


218 ʮ˲
ȻܲһҩȻˣҵһԩͷ֧Ҷ϶ԣٵȻ֮ףǣ˻ȡʯûһˣһٵһλʷϴѾֵˣ
ۺ˸ãԣһļϣ
ȻǱǾ˺ɣʹ˶ȥʮ
Ҷȥģǣȴֹˣˣʮ𼱣ҲʮУ
Ҷԭ˾ܶƶҲǺܹŰİ
˭˵أУֻһǶ޵Ĳ˵
ֻܲˣԶԶҶʵ
Զһ֮󣬱Ƕ˾ƻͤʮС֫塢ɱߣ뵽ʮСܿ࣬ת̷ԣֵĴ򣡡껻ص
˵䣬ǰĻ·תһµĴ󹬵һͣǳ׳ۣ
ſڣվһŹǹڤϵĵУһױһͺ̩ɽĵһɲ
ҶϷȥϹеһ޵ĽңϸڤĹӡ
һޣǺˣ·;ֻܽܲУҶ˳̽һʮޣҲʲô£
һع
عҪְ˼ڤס
գĹԱǼǣȥһޣߵãתͥˣʮͶͨˡ
ǰһ·һ澵ǰŶӣȫ˩Ҷʯࡣ
̨
ڶ٣뵽̨̨Ҳ̨࣬ԼһɣʮΧңһңд߸̨֣ǰ޺ˡ
ر˵Ĺ꣬Լóһ񣬺һӰƬĻϣȻɹڶĵȥ̣ʱ֪ƽһȴѾˡ
˵ˣΧǳ㷺Ск塢治ТԺɱŰıƺǷǡѪԼһɥĺ˵ΪһʵʵϣȻѺڶӦõ̷
һע⣬ǲ˸ĸĶ£Ϊ˺С飬ȻɱΪТѳΪ֮⣬Щˣܵ޺޺ʹ̼ɱһҪڶȥĹ뵽밴ʩ̣Щɱˣ겻ɢвʣڰҹֳʱӣʹ˿һǲѺ̣
ÿũ³һգĹݣĺ𷨣նȱΪȼƶ࣬ضܹ٣帣ʵһ󸣡
ԭˡҶǳ֪ʶˣʵʿ֪֮˼һЩ˾ȫġ
ôأҶ̧ͷڶһ·ʵ
ε࣬³˵˾ƺʮС𳤣ߣܵۡι̣֮תĵ
ĵʮյ˾ƺϴ¾ѪصʮС˿⣬թߣСܿ࣬ͽˡ
Ӱ³յǰӵһŷŻѩ˵˾ƽлʮС⵽˵ߣѺ̨֮żϱң£漴ϸζٷʮСģʳաףաܿգ
ϣ³յ˾ƴлǣʮС治ТߣСþʬԹȵأԱߣ¼Ҫܵ׶򡢻̷֮ٷСܿ࣬תߵٲޱ
ߵ̩ɽ¶ʮյ˾յĥ⽴ʮСȡҩߣٷСܿգתڰ˵Ρ֣ԡܸ桢թıƺߣ͹̷֮ڰ˵ƣ³һյ˾ƴȴմƹʮСТʹĸ̹óƷߣٽС̣ܾʹ࣬⽻ʮͷ棬Ϊࡣ
ھŵƽ½³յ˾ƷᶼǵʮСɱ˷Żնߣ⵽ÿͭ׮౧ɿգ̽ĸΣ淢ǵֱ̡߸Ͷ׼⽻ʮ˵ص޵
ʮתѦʮյר˾⵽ֱ꣬ƶ񣬺˶ȼĴͶŮزƶϸأÿ»֪һעᡣ̥֮ʪĺ֮ٸͶ̥֮ءͶߣѺ̨£ʹǰ֮¡
ҶЩ̾νʮ˲ɣ
ǣνʮ˲һ㣬һ㣬ͺ¥һʮ˲㣬ʮˡֻһָ֣ܶ࣬һʮܵĳͷԶԶʮ˵̷ʮһ飬ټǧ꣬꣬ͺóһˣ껼͵
˵ʱѾ˵ڶĲԶҶ̧ͷȥһưĴ󹬵ǰ
ɫңϿּڶү߸֣Աͬڤӡ¡
껴ҴҴó˾СƣҺŴүͨһ
Щһλվ˳ӹƣϸ鿴һӣȺȥͨһ
λ˵꣬ʹҴҵ߽˴Ժˡ
һ֮󣬴˹ˣҶһһ˵үǽȥ
ǼæлҴҸȥ
ǣҶϸո̤Ժһ̣ʱȫĺëһһð亹ȥÿһǸܷĹ͹ߵɽ𺣡
ˡͻȻҶһϤ
ҶϺʹ껼ͬʱ˳ȥһλϤӰʱȫģһת֮ϣǶʱʱٵתһΣһεѪҺĴȥ
Ҷͣ½Ų̾ϢһŮǶ̥֮󣬺˳ݵŮˡ
ллǣһһȥͶ̥ˡŮ˱ʹ࣬ǣȴһ˿ϲá
߰ɣ߰ɡҶϵļС˵ҰһЩһǱˣ
ҶŮЦЦתλ˴



һ·ϣĴҺͺȵ̵ֲֶΣҶϲĶ࿴һۣԵͷ


219 
Ҷϵͷߣǰȴ˼ĳͷƣ
˼УӦýЩͷֶΣ˶ʶʶͻ𵽸еˡ
ںܶǰˣִֻƼ嵭ˡ
꣬ĻȻ˸գǣӦ֮˵Ѿˡ
ѧ߻ɻôάģΪûһϵͳͳ˼룬ȻָǴ򵹿֮
ԴˣҶҲԼ⣬ĺֵĹֳˣäĿĸ磬δƷһ֮ĺ֢ңɴڡ
ЩǰҶϳϹϵΪҶϽһˣǣЩ
ʵ˵ˣںҶϸûһϵˣԭܼ򵥣ѾΪһʿʿ׽ȴιҲϹϵˡ
Ҷ뵽ˣ̾һֻ룬ԼʿɣЩ·ܰ쵽ģ
ˣԵһȥһ·Ĺ˵
⻰Ҷ׿̧ͷһǰһر׳ۣ䣬ϵĴ
·Ĺţүˣ
ǽɣڴһĻػ
Ҷüжϣ˺о񣬲ٽ֮˰
뵽ˣҶ˹׼Ȼ˵ʮ޴ǣȻʮ޶̰Ͳòŵ㣡
⻰˵꣬ǰĴԶˣװԶһ㣬һûУ
λүڣһơ
Ҷ΢΢ԥһ£껴ҡڵĽȥˣ˽ȥ
ӣûһֲķΧ͹ʱͬһޣĶ࣬ڸӵʿרҵ۹⿴ǹݡ
Ȼרҵ۹⿴Ȼֲˡ
̤УҶ˳ȥÿһλվõһѴԱߣǰһŵߵķ̳
ǣҶϾþȴǣǰѽοţҲ˵үڡ
λһ·ˣүʦүԪʢλ˿ʼ˵ˡ
ʦүĴˣܳأһֱҵż񡭡һ죬ੲݵƨ
λϴ˰ɣǵһ쵣үʦүǰֻǺôӵСɫԪʢص
⻰һڣ˴һһ껶ʱǺ
һ죬Զܽ˵ˣ˵ʦүɱô˵ǴϼǵòǴΣүŹҧҵһΡʱҾ֪ܷɻڴ
λҶ˵ϴˣҽ츮ʮѣʮ֮ڣүأûлͣûзŹҧˣԪʢ˵
Ŀ˸һȴʷһת̶˵ʮܵʦүţⱲӼвŵĹ
⻰ԪʢˣҶɨһۣĿͣҶϵϣλҶʿҶɣ
Ҷϵ˵ͷ£
ү㣬Ԫʢص
ǣҶϼæӦŵ
ȻƨĴ껣ʱסˣ㵵ĶҶϣԻĳһԪʢǡأ
ȺɡˣһǼˣ㲻ƨĵ޵ڤС檿ˣһҹ֮εĴ껴޴󴦳ôԪʢͻȻĳôһ仰
ڸĴ껣ͻȻסˣ̶ͷҲҸȥˣ֪Ĺ࣬λʦүȻһУͲòˡ
Ҷ͵Цˣ벻껻ôһιٵʷӵɨһ۴껣͸ԪʢӲŽã
֮ҶԶԶ˿Ե˳ſȥǴ󴫳ġ
ʣסģһүˣүǲĲᡣ
Ȼô룬ǣȴ٣һָֻϵָʲô⣬ܵһʱ䳭һˡ
ǣһȻˣԪʢߵ󣬻ƿţһƣүڣ
Ҷϵ˵ͷȻ䣬ȴķΧôˣ̤뷿䣡
뷿䣬ҶϾͿһλ긾ŮһŹϵľӴ߳鴤үңô
ҶᲽǰ˼һλˣ˼Ŀ⿴Ѿٵˣ׻ĺĵӵˡ
ңҶϸʱ򣬾ͿźϣһƬɫۼ
ȿȡˡڴϵү˵
ǲҪˣֻǹҩģߣҶϼæ˵
Ǻá˵˻ǳŲˣû
Ҷϵ˵ͷ鲽ǰ˴ϡ
ǳȥɡİ˰֡
긾˼æվɵ뿪˷䣬һȥģԪʢʦү
뿪֮оֻʣ˺ˣҶͻȻүʲôԼ˵վ˴ߺܽĵط
Ҳˣٵûˣúݴءȿȿȡ˵
Ҷ˵ǳģˣ͸ߣ˵أ
ݴء˾ؽѡȿȡ㣬ջδү˵һغˡ
үүҶϴҲ̫ɺ˰ɣңүĻû˵أ
Ҷϵĺſڵֻˣͱ
ֻǣֻʱÿү˻ҽͺûһģһ
ҶϾֻпʼߴѵݺ
ǣʵȴǣֻ˵үĴߣ£ֻǣүѾΪҽˣһͷ˿û¡
˾˹ǲҪɥµģȥǵڶޣҲ˾Ȩĵˣһ˹Ȼڤڶʹһޣүǵˣ
ԣ޹֮ɥʧǽˡ
긾˽ҶϽеһԣʵүʱ򣬿ʲôԣ
Ҷľګҡҡͷʵ˼ү⣬ȻѾҶϻԣʲôݴأ˾ֽʲôΣʲôΣ
ˣĪ£үʮǰѾˣ¾ʲôϵ긾ŮҶϴɵһԣƺүйأǽ͵
ʮ죿仰һһ㣬䵽ҶϵĿϡ
ү˵ȻޣǣѾǵͼˣԣ긾˿ʼ˵
ҶŻȻ򣬸Լ˴˵еˣǣӾˣѵʮǰүҪ˾һԵɺ֮£츮ʱһʵ̫Щ˼ˣ
ϵܣǻȥɣѾûʲôˣ껼Ҷһֱһ˴츮ļ˵


220 
һƻõ;Ҷ̫Ӱˣݴѣָʲô⻰иôӺ˵
һӣȷҲһĿҶѾڴƮ˺ܾˣѾ޳ȻԴҲ벻Ͳˣɽǰ·
Ҷϵ˵ͷǺðɣǻȥҺ֪ʦʲôʱȥ£
˵׼Ҹղųȥһ£ʦȥһʲôȥˣƻҪһ죬Ȼ˾ͲҪŻȥֲϣزȥҲǣҴ㵽úϤһ»Ժ˾Ǽ򵥵Ķˣȥľȥǣ껵ͦĵġ
ҶҲͽˣȻѾʿˣԺ˾˾µĻͶˣϤ֪عȻǺ£
ȻҶȴôҲû뵽һ˼ˣ˾κ£ֻǽһ룬ʣɵʱ򣬾Ͷˡ
֪Σ뽻һѧѡ껹Ȼǹ⣬ȻɵֶҲʹó
Ҷε̾һ껵Ľʽò۷ͺС˵м˶ʱ򣬸һ»طֽһ
ҶǾסջˣóһ裬ͽŪˡ
ţֿʼڶ£ڿʼ֮ǰҶǰûбĹԸ⽲ͽԸ⽲Լȥ̽
ǺǺǡⲻǼˣ˲Уֵܣܲ𣿡ºˣ껱ɺˣ⻰˵Ҷϲֵܰ
Ҷֵܣ湻ܵģ
ҶϲˣʶֿʼһЩˣʹõֶθӵĸߣȻԽһһʵͨ½ԭðɣͬ˾ͳʶҿʱ򣬴ͣˡ
ϵܰҽǿڸͽˣټҲǺæɣ껵ѵ
⻰Ҷֱ˱ߵ뷨ǣ龫ʰʶôı룬ѣóһ鲹裬һҲˣٽһĹ°ɣˣ
УС껼裬Ӧŵ
һҶҲѧ˽թһҩ˺֪ܶʶֱҶʱ򣬲Ž͸껡
ǣⵤҩУѾˡ
һ죬Ҷ϶˾ƣѾļˣǸעĵط˾ʲô˲ˣʲôǲˣһЩʮޣÿ˵ϰԣÿ˵İãˡ
ǣҲǲصģһ껽衣
ڣڵʱҶϼ˲ռʦүմʮǱ߻ĵһ¾ǻҶϡ
ҶʿҿǼˣҵľǰ֪γȥǷһƨɵծǲռҶϵʱſھ˵Ļ
ȻҶҲ֪ռָծɾǵҩˣЦû˰ĻҶˣֻҪʯǶС°
ȻС£ʯȥˣҶʿͻ֮ǰѾ׼һˡ˵ţռԼָͳһôӡ
ɣһӶʯǰոմ繺ģ㹻Ҷʿĵҩ˰ɣռҶϺǿ
ҶһĿʯƮʱȻĶˣУͰ˵ļλɣϵȷһЩҩ
˵꣬Ҷʳָ֮ϵָȡʮٵʮ裺ŵ
ռҩʱ򣬺ǺǴЦ˱ã˱á
ǣҶȴߴˣʮٵʮ裬Ѿһˣһ£һǧٵιͣϵٽǧιˣ⻹ǰҶȥ
ǣôӴݣһҲû𲷺ռľȣеĵҶϲòľ
ǣֵ黹ֹЩأڽĹУʯĿţ֮ǰһ㡣
ҶϱøӾˣͻȻãԼߣһֱһ˫۾ڶ
һν˾飬̫ɺˣһүڶǲռ֮С
ҶѾ˲ôˣĿǰҪһ¾УֻҪõʯ㲻ٹ̫ˣ
˳õʯҶϾͻȥˡ
ֻǣҶϸո뿪صйݣռ֮У߳һλӣһİ̺ۣǣһ˫۾ȴҹɫзڻɫĹâҩõˣ
ʹߴˣҩѾõˣռϹĻص
ãҩˣ㾡ϿصıɣΨһϰѾˣޣѾӦˡǺ۾˵
ллʹߣ˺ʱ̤ĹѨռʹŵҩҪ뿪ˣʵ
֮Щҩ಻һʱ䡭˵ѳһĨ˪һЦݡ

Ҷſڣͺ͹һ㣬ͻȻ˳Ӫҵһʦˣ
ҶЦŵ˵ͷʱѾӽˣҲûʲô˿ˣҶϾӹŴȣҪ
ǣӽ˯С͹ٻֻʦ飡
⻰˷ˣ֪ҶѾˣȥĿļȻԣ˺һڴҶϵҡ
ҶڰϣЦˣ֮ǰҪȥ£һγȥ˵Ҳʮʱ䣬ԣֻܽˣ
Ҳȥ˼ͬĻص
УһҲȥиҪ񽻸ǣҶ˵ţͻȻһӣش򿪺ӡ
ںӴ򿪵һ˲䣬ǿҵ
˼ͬʱɵˣôʯ㹻һռʮˣҪ֪ǿʯǱʯ̺ȱʯǿˡ
ʦ⡭Щʯ
ʯ

Щһ֣ʣµĶˣҪ뿪ʱרԼĵУշлһ̤磡ҶϲŲæ˵
ǣӵһӦŵ
ţҲӦŵˣʿԣеȷǺ˵һ£ʯĳ֣ҲûԸȥðˡ
ʦȥɣһʧģʯ˵ж˷ˡ
ǰǰö񽣣һֻҵĹҾ͸ɱֻӦ
ϸ磬ȥأС࣬౻ʯסˡ
Ҷϲҡҡͷһȥ˪ڣ߶ţ;Ҳڼį
Ҷһɨһ۱ʯԵߵˣת뿪˹
˹Ĵţһģû¶ˡ
ѵνĸּįҶ̾ϢһԶȥ
û߼·ҶϽӲϣȴ¶һ˿ܿɹЦݣˣ
ϸ磬ҪȥĹң˵䣬ҶϵļϣվһֻСӴСŮ


221 
ֳԭΣⱻ˿ˣҶɨһܣæ˵
ءҪϲգ۾ֻץҶϵĶ䡣
ˣ㣡ҶϺһ
¼ˣæ˺ӣӰûУ²ԸˣֻǣҶѾָǰ߰ɣ
ҧҧ촽Ҳ˵ʲôԶˡ
ҶϽ׷һ·׷Ŀ̩ȥˡ
ڸȥ̩·ϣҶлϰµģǵʥּ᲻ҵҪϣһδ֪
ңϣҲһ̩꣬пڵı֮УҶϾòڷĹĿܴһЩϾ񱦲صʱڻ֪ԼС
Ȼô˵ǣҶϻǾôΣأɷĹ֣ǡþһܺõ軳ɣڵĹ֮УһĹյĶ࣬ɷ־˭µģ᲻Ǵ˵нλţˣ
һҶϾÿǷǳģͲ˵ģ·;ɷߣǵ֮ôһλţˣڵ̩꣬򵥣
ҶµľڵĹ̫ˣǾûжֵ̽ˣ򵥣֤Ĺּпλţ£ʱǴĹ֣ǴƷУлҵһ˿
ǣҶû뵽ǣո뿪һλ֮͡
Ҫȥ˯¥и߸ЬཱུĴˣСûд߸Ьʲôа֮ﴳ˰ɣ
뵽ˣԱߵӣȷڵĹС඼ڷ֮ת¥ݡ
һ¥ĽŲȻֹһϢûˣӸȷʲôа֮ﴳˣȡľ¥ݡ
ת¥ݿʱ;ˣŴһ룬һ¥ĴҵŰ볨š
жˣӴһ˴ҡ
¥ϵĶ˸ոϢžѣڼôһ౼˳һ¥ȥˣӣʲô£
һܣһߺж봢ˣ
˵ţڴҵſڣǣһ۵ʱ򣬾ͳ׵סˣǡ㡭
ԭӿĲǱˣʧѾõĭǣ֪ҶϺĭ֮䣬ѾĿɳҶϻһԶԶ
ӣ˵ǵõ˺ܶʯһЩɣĭЦǺǵ˵
ȥʦҪɣûСò˵ڽҪĹͷӾѣǧʱɵӿ
ĭЦЦ֪ߵʱһ¸ǣͷһЩɣ
ҡ
ʹʱС͹ͬʱ˴ҵſڣɨһۣʱԭС͵ϻʲô
СɫǣʼĹŮӣңҶϺ֮䣬ĹϵģֻǣĭΪʲôѽˣͬʱСʶĭĳ֣ʼĹΣһ٣
ʱһ뻹΢ЦĭͻȻˣһһ̽ӵĲϣʯɱ㣡
ɨһĭ̾һ̶֪С͹֣Ҫ֣ȥҵķ䣬µǸУʯ
һɷӣ۶ĭȴҲҶ֣ϾӵĭС
Сҧҧ촽¥ݣһʯ¥ˣӣʯɣ
ǣӱǳĸӡ
СӦŵʯ͵ĭУĭЮӣߵſڵʱһ߷ӣţʧſڡ
һɱѵģȥɱ
ȵȡӱʹֹ˹ɱɱʦһɱ㣡
⡭ʹˣѵŮӺҶʲôϵ
̾һ˵ʱҪʦˡ
Ի󲻽⣬ǣѾųصĲ¥ˣãЪϢɣ
ԵŶ׵ɫһ㯡
Сı͸Ӹˣǣһֱû˵˭Ҳʲô
ʱȥˣʯȻ㲻ʲôʧԣҶǲ֪ˡ
Ҷϳ̩ꡣ̩λѳѳضʮ幫ﴦɽɽϡɽ716ɽѡҲɽΪ꣬ɽнĹңǽ
̩԰ʮ˹¹ȥ꣬幫䲼ƾʦǣڳһţֱΪţţ׻ţţȸšš
ǽĽǽнڣڻ׵¹¥ȡڶս𲻶ϣ԰潨ѵȻ޴棬ֻһЩʯ̺ͱ﷫ױġԪ̩ꡱʯһͨԪܿǻ䣩
ҶվɽͷԶ̩꣬濴ȷ̷Ϣ֮ƣ˵ѡĹڴ˵ɣ˵Ԫʮ꣨Ԫ729꣩¡ɽɽ̷Ϣ֮ƣνԻǧ˵ء
ЩʷļأǷʵѾ޴жˡ
ϸ磬ᵽΣСĹѨ򵥣ûɵˣվҶϵļϡ
ţ׻ţȸţš￴ȷͳǺǾʹŽȥɣҶĹѨĿ˸
ΪʲôǲǺôСŮҶϵǰʵ
ҶͨĿ̽⣬֮ϣת׻а׻Ӱƶȸ֮ϣд裬ȣĵţֻܿһǽڣԼѾòһš
éɽԻҹŴĺǻֳΪԫ͡ߴ
νġԫǡǽ˼ԫǡ΢ԫʹ̫΢ԫԫСԫűǳ״С
ڡԫΧֲš󡱣׻ȸ䡱
Ҳ˵һһֻϷһֻ񣬱ߡڵΧ̫תյҲżתÿ֮İ֣֮ȸ֮׻¶ͷﶬ֮
éɽܳΪĴޡ
ȻҶ֮ѡţΪڣǰĩ֮ʱ֣ȸȻ׻¶ͷȴڣδѣԣͨĿſ䣬ʶ룬Ͳ޵Ĺ
°ϸ磬˵ⶼĴػĹѨˣѵͲĹѨеĹ겻ɢôҶϣš
ǡǡ෴Ұ׻ĹѨе֮Ĺ˵ĹѨУӡʷϵʦĹ˵Ķˮ֪Ԩ֮ĹɱʿȥԨںӶϼҵء
ҶϻһʷĹ磬ʲô֮£ĹʧˣԨϻʵ۱ʱ򣬵֪£ͽʦɱˣ
ǣµĵţԼ֮ȻڵޣѾȫĹҶϵ֪ȷһˣȻûʧ


222 ɲ
ҶϺĿһǰһ󣬵ţʹͣ˷еĽŲҶ̧ͷţҹɫһʵɴԵʯʨӣͺֻһĿ侲ĶҶϡ
ҶϵȻֻһָоһʿеĵоָоʵһΣеʵա
Ҷʯʨӵ۾϶ۣʯʨӵĿ֮Уɢع֮⡣
Сĵ㣬ȷ򵥣ҶٻĿվļϣ̤š
һһǰʱһķ紵ϴɳɳɳɳ֮ͺ̤ɳĮһµأȻһ㣬һİƤˡ
ҶɨһۣһЦʲôɾĶˣ̩꣬Ŀɲֹڣڵ֮ˣм꣬ĵطͺ͹Ĺ࣬ʱȹĹ˸ࡣ
ԣĵطһֻˡ
ˣҶҲԩ޳Ĺ𣬾ԹԵ·
һľǵ֮ƶʲôͼȻˡ
飡صĽŲϸһʮ֮ڣߵļˣĽŲͱüˣˣĽŲˡ
ֻǣа޷óˣĿŵĸҲͷǲмһˡ
а֮ûˣʹ˾СҶһһ̤Ϸѵʱϣں
ĿܵҶϵָʾһֱϣ۾а֮
Ҽ֮ϣߵĶ丽ҶϸһͲǷ˵
ǣһʧˣɱҶˣһʱ䣬ڣа޿̣Ҷϵļ
ǹļ磬Ҷʵ޿̣תһ۹꣬һƳҶȫëΪһֻɲ췢ۣɲǵеĵһڹӡɲš޲šΪ񡱡η
𾭵伮硶塷һʮмʮž׾֮еġƷȶмء
Ҷϸһʹ˵һģһŻѡŻͷΡû֦չⱦ
ҶҲ˹ԻŮѪء촦Ԩ
Ҷϸۿȫʱɲ²ˣ¶òˡ͸һɲ׽
Ҷϼæһ䣬ͶȻֻһ֮ȴȻͬǹʱڶãǵзǣ书ЧǾģųһջ
ϣҶٿɲڸԼ壬лڷ΢롢㹻˹ˡ
ǣҶо令壬ʯһ㣬תǰŲ
ɲŭˣһ˺ѷεĺУʱðڤ֮ĶͻȻҶϡ
Ҷϱ۾ܵɲķʳָָͻȻһ֣ͬʱȻתһС
ۣţҹɫһҺǲҽ֮籼һ㣬¡¡ĴԶ
ŲҺԶȥɲټһѪ
ҶϿЦȻɲѾǷǳĶˣǣվǹޣԸһĶҶٴˡ
Ҷһɲ˱ǰ
ǣԶĵϣһ̲ˮֵһ̲ˮͺˮһڸĵȻȴһҲûС
һźˮһֱ˷ѣʧĹѨ֮
ҶϼǰȴҲԽԽˣ˵ϣΪʲôջ˵Ĺ죬ǽһʿİʾ
֮Ҷϵ˷֮ϣĿ˸Ķǰ
Ұ׻ĹѨӦþҶǰһ֣ߵĵƣұߵĵΣ׻Ǵ˵еĹأ
˺ģҶϵĿ˸Ķ
Ҷϼǰ֮ϸۿܣȴһ֮£һ鷽εʯͷʯͷдĥĺۼ
ǣҶϽǰ׼Ĺڳ
ʯ¶ʱҶϾˣһĹǣ֪ԵɣĹмѣֻʣ֮һֻܿһ׭塰ߡ֡
ҶԻˣݹ˵ĹϰߣһӦϣϺᣬ͡ߡֳκεĹϵɣ
룬ͻȻʷϻ¹ٵһˡʿ
ʿڹڼ䣬λﵽ㣬ƽΤʺ̫ƽ֮ңڳţ۹󽫾ͬ˾ʷΪͻ֮һĹڲ벻Ϊǧͻµһˡ
ȷʷأӦԪ꣨762꣩ƴڼλʿݣ֪Ϥϻʼݱʿ泯ŻѪ䡣ڸԭְݴ󶼶̩ꡣ
Ҳ˵ʿ̩꣬ôѵǸʿĹأߴطˡ
ȻʿôڵĹأӦòԶ
뵽ˣҶϴгϸ鿴̩ĵͼ
˵֮أô˸ʿⲻ֮ǸʿôָȥҶԻˡ
ڵͼϹ۲˺ܾãҲһ
Ҷоìˣھأڸң
ۺϵͼʱĿڵͼɨһƵ֣Ҳ֣
ķ֣ҶȤæٴδ򿪵ͼ
ΣҶϴιۿȻķ֣ĹѨԲǧףͻᷢһɽƣǵ䷢ֵ֣ϡ
ѨҶ뵽֣
éɽ˵ǽĹѨѡϣΪѨѨҪĹغõö࣬һ£кãϺãͿɼеĲˡѨʮоǿѨ
뵽ˣҶϾ˷ܵһַָ򣺡ǱߣȥǱǵ֣
ţĿ˵ͷŷѨ
һĿҶϱһѨ֮ϣͷֲ֣̫ղŵǵ֣һĿȻҲûʲô֮
Ҷϼ۲ܣȴķ֣һҲ򵥣ɽƿֻϡз羭ǣһɽ壬ס˷ǸӸߵһɽõס򣬱һʯͷݳɵǽڣߴʮסһУɺϣ
Ҷ뵽ˣͻȻЦˡ
Ŀ⻰ͻȻһ֣ȥ
ȵȣȥҶϼæ
ǣû˵꣬Ѿ֮Сصʱ³һƬϹ⣬Ϲ⿴Ƽ򵥣ʵ˸ŵ⣬ͺһĿＱæ׶ܣɻǱһ缯ˣء
УĿﷵ˻ǣҶǰʱѾȫëڣһëζҶϵıӡ
ءɿˡĿί˵
ҶϿһƲأż֣в֪ʱѾָƽɫĵ⣬ʧӰ٣
Ҷϵһ


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224 Ĺ
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Ҷϳĺһǣ̧ͷʱ򣬳׵ɵˣһֻʬðʮֻΧ


225 
Ҷ϶һʱɵˣһγֵĽʬȻûܷеķɽǣĶ࣬ѾѹЩˡ
ҶһŴףȴ˼ˣĿǰʣһŴˣʵĹѨ֮ǰҶѾ뵽пʬԣŴ׵ĴǷǳģڸղƽʱ򣬲֪˶ٵŴףĿǰֻʣһˡ
ԣҶϵ״Ǻֹ۰һŴףһӶȥֻʬΣֻ߰أؼӵнղ֮зҲܴһƤë
Ҷϲץ񣬹ؼڣéɽУԸʬķֹŴףֻŴ׼򵥶һѡŴˡ
ʮֻʬʱҶϲòһŴһ㣬һĴȥ٣һŭ˽ʬǿ˺ü
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Ȼʬû۾ģŵʶǿɲ֪ŴףֱӳҶϡ
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ӡ緽磬ɫ編ʩŻδҷŴҵֵľ壩Ϊѹа
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ǺεҶϲˣȻ֪ղľʬĻŴйأճʬˣĻҲ˵ʬȫأûڽŵװ
ǣҶҲÿѧĿ⿴ȻǲԵģΪЩտѧĽͣǲڵģڵ˵Ҳһһ˵Ȼиݣʿ֮ҶҲ֪ȷһĽ壬ǣ˼룬һУǿѧܽ͵Ķ
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ֻʬǿˣǣʬˣҶϽ֣Щʬһ㲻ҧѹϣҲ㹻һƬѪˡ


226 ʬ
ʮֵΣҶҲûлȥ˼ʲôˣǰҪģӳֻʬħţ
ҶεʱֻʬͬһʱɱһһҶϡ
Ҷҧҧ촽ûˣҪɱˣǺͻȻһг棬ֵһֱ̣ɱĽʬͽʬ

ŹֻֽʬֻϵĽʬܵƹգʱڵأ
Ҷһʵ뵽û𹥣򵥣ЧĹ֮һĽʬԳŲס
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ʱһֻһֻԴֳˣģǽʬûꣿ
䣬ͿһֻһֻӵԾˡ
һ߰ˣֻҶ۾ˣܼܲʹûƾɣֻλˣµЩһûʲôˣҲֵˣǣֱǧ׵ȣԲֹ֡
ԣʵһ׸Ҷһѡ⣿
һɾǻƾɱЩʬսĵĻ࣬Σաڶһ϶ԸʬĶмðΣմսһսܣߵһ·٣
ܿ죬Ҷϱѡ˵ڶҴսһǰҾڵĹУֻбʵһһ߳ȥ
Ҷе̸մãٿ棬ǰֻʬڹֽϲǽһ㡣
뵽ˣҶ¶һ˿ЦݣȻʬϲǽڣҿǽѰҳ·ߴӣֱͬòƴһ֮УȥĹѨУĹѨȥ·ͺһϵûС
뵽Ҷ϶˵ڹͺͺǽߣһһĴǽڣÿƶһξ룬һǽڣǽڵĻ죬ȷǽĺȡ
͡ϵĺȡҶϵһʲôⴿһؽѣڵؽѵײ㣡
ҶϾ̾ʱ򣬸оƨʲôץת
תģȴһֻСʬӾʮֻ꣬ƨץץȥˣһ㣡
ǣҶһǽСһŻˣֽŵ˵档
䣡һ죬ֻСʬڵϣСʬĵ䣬ڽʬע⣬̧ͷſУõĽʬȻҶϡ
ԭҶ⣬ʬûŵϸոﾭһս˺ܶཀྵʬζȽϷӶѡ
ֻСʬҶϣȴڶҶˣҶŵõȥˣͱڽʬˡ
ɽҶſǽϣͷżֻʬˣˣȻûô򣬾УҪĻУҪԷʱ֮衣
˲䣬ֻɽȴﵽҶ϶˵ͺɽһǽϼߣеıߵĹˣÿƶһҪ²һα
ǣҪ彣ߣٶܿһͱذΧˣ¼ˣЩʬǽϣƽأٶ
Ҷϴæ׷ʬҲһʬԣݾ飬Ӧ׷ŷ
÷Ҷһ̤ռ䣬ǣ漣ˣԼ壬ܿƵĵˡ
䣡һ˵棬ˤˡ
ٿ£ԭʧˣԼĽ±ղŽʬ³ĺˮȾһͿʬ³ĺˮȻжģǼʬʬ֮УɺͶˮУʧȥһ
Ҷϼæסظվǣʹʱ־жƨɣ˵ʹת
תһ̣ŵû궼ɢˣΪθƨɵģɲǸСӣһλ˽ʬһλүǣʱеǻ㹻ͨ˵ĸ첲СӲĳſɡأ
գҶ϶˵ͷܣһӦ⽩ʬǱרҵôˣôǰײЩа֮
ǽʬ棬лĽš
Ҷϻ겻ıһ䣬жʱһѷ֮ڿγһ𻷣Щʬ
ʬ֮ڣȻƮҶϣȻ󣬵ǣӭͷֻʬײϣȥˣķɽȴһķ
ҶеıɿڵϻһȦӣ̶ڽʬײʱһ̤ȦС
ȦӣһΪܾ֮֮һŷɽƻ˵ģܳһСʱɣ
һҶϾȦУȦĽʬˣһ취Ҷϰһôõķô벻أ
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ǣҲýʬʲô˺Ͼǻûģ𵽱ãͺһһ㣬ǻȴ˵С
Щʬ۾ȻǿģᵽҶϾǰȻһ˻𻷣ǹ𻷣һԶԶضߣǣʬ˵𲻵ӦЧֻ۰Ͱ͵ĿŽʬһֽһֵ
Ҷ֪ڵкܶඨʹóײ𻷵ĽʬѰһᣡ
һֻʬͷ­ײ˹⻷ϣҶһŷֻʬڰС
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ĹͭǽڣҲеһ̣ʮ֮󣬻Ϊ֮ûĹ⻷ҡҡ׹Ѿѷ죬ֻǣҶϱ˾УѾ޲ʮˣȴƻ޲ҲŲ˼ˡ
ǣҶϷŭǣֻʬһζֻеĽʬѱʬײȥ˷Ѿһθˡ
һҶֲòѰµ֮·
ʹʱԶһĴЩʬƶµӣһͣײóһ
Ҷϼæ˳ȥѵģȻ֮ǰҶƨɵֻ꽩ʬȴóĴϵ£Ѿݲ壬һһˣʱ
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ŶݺݳķɽսȭͷǵģǺ£ʵµȴǱˡԣڿ־м˶־ԴȴͻȻѹ
Ըκа֮Ӹ̸𣬳ֲ֮⣬һԣеĹеĽʬ󻯳ɵһаǼùģҲ˵Ȼ̫
ǣû̫ô죬һѲҶϵģǻлƾô
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һУҶϱ¶ǽ֮

ݻٱȦĽʬһγΪ׵ֻʬڳʱȴбӳҶϵƨɲһϲ嵽Ҷϸͣһ£ֻץҶϵƨɡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦͻȻ׼˽ʬ
ھ׼ʬһ˲䣬ɢ͵Ĺââ֮һֱ俿Ľʬ
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һ죬յ֮ð˺ֻ̣ʬŭһ̼䳷ʮҡ
ʱٿҶϣҲһãȻʵʹþ˽ʬδٿСӣҲгͨӰ
ǣΪʲôһͨľӣṥʬأ
һǵһ֮ǰδšʵ˽ˮ֮ⰵʵǽʬľ֮
ֻǣӵҲƵģͣʱԽյԽ࣬Խǿ
µľӣԴҶ֮󣬾һֱװǬ֮УԷʱʱӿʹáԣδ⣬͸ղɢǽˮ֮Ͼӳ֮쳤ؾյһҶһҫĽʬϣȻҲЩâȴ޶ٹԽҫʱ䳤Խûˣֱȫľûˣͺ͸ʬһ㡣
ʱ򣬽ʬһɱˣңҶֻаĽʬȻЩʬ죬һֱڰָЩʬ
Ҷϰľܹ˼άĽʬѾʬԶˣʵ˵ʬǽʬɵģ˼άܹ˵Ľʬνʬ
ǣʬʵȴһеĽʬΪʬκһ׶Σп෽Ӱ£һֻʬ
ԣʬĽʬʹˣ˼άʵһԣͱͬײĽʬĶˡ
ƽ˵ʬʣǱʬ֮ͻƶ߽ײ㣬þܷĽʬ
ֻʬЩ˼άҶϾ֮˼άѾͣһֻɽ㹻Сɡ
ڽʬ磬ѾǶĴˣܹ绽꣬кɵĵطͻ᳣ɺ꣬ΪʱҪܶʪԲǧ֮ڵʪˣͲڽˣΪɡ
ɽħһʵһΣǣԹʬʼд˵ȴȽ϶࣡
뵽ˣҶϸӵľ裬ֶֻ˼άĽʬǳļɻ䣬ĹעһһӲҶϵ۾
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ҶЦЦ׼ֻʬǽʬȻЩ˼άڸ֮ܵͬ󣬼ˣ̤ǽڣҪײһµ棬Ȼӵ¶ߣ
ǣҶᣬӹâһֻʬͷϣĻһѷ죬ͺͱһ㣬һΪ
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⡭ҶԼĶ䣬¹ۿǣռ䣬ȴôİ꣡
ҶԻ󲻽⣬ҪջĿʱȴһսͺһˮĸо
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ڵĿռ䣬ҲҲһˣͺղŵһĻͺͻþһ㣬θӵŹ֡
ǣҶȴ֪ʿʿûʲô²ܵģ·һĻһʵ
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Ҷϲģһ飬һĿʼˣȻˣһ
ҶϾͲòĿⶢǵ¥ݣа̾̤¥ݣͷ֮ϣǺȻҶھԲǺʹȥԣͻȥԣδһᡣ
뵽ˣҶһ˿Цݣ̤˸ߴʮ׵¥ݣһһȥǣȥʱ򣬾ȻԼ߹¥ݣۿɼٶȣʧֻҪŲ뿪һ̨ףһ̨׾ͻʧˡ
һȥ޻ص·ҶϺһŲ΢΢ͣһ£ŸӼᶨĲȥˣ


228 Һħ
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һҶ̤ҶԼԼһţƮһˡ
Ҷϻͷһۣͷ߹·һƬµ̨ףֻʣˣңΨһĳ·̤벻Զһš
ҶĿ˸ĿǰѾû·ˣֻ̤šò˵Ĺˣ˷ˣҶߴ᲻һĹֻһλŮַŵĹأ
ʵܳʲôҪ̤ȥԥӣһ̤С
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Ҷϸ鿴ȻûҵκιӰӡҶ֣ôղſǸŮأ
Ҷֵʱ򣬸оͷһˮĶͷҶϴæ̧ͷһȴһɫҺ壬̧ͷһ˲䣬ҺٵһΣպҶϵϡ
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˵ԭʼҺħֲҺħֱ仯ǳϡ٣ǣȴֺܶҺħڣΪʲôأ
ΪŮˣǱҺħͱҺħˣԣҺħɢǷǳģ
Һħһԣͻṥǣ֮ճסŮĲλӽϣեȡԪΪʳ
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ҶɨһۣĶˣô
ҶԼ۾УϸٿȷҴȱϵһӾ
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ĵеΣʵʿһģéɽͳһΪͨڣึڣͨΣͨڵΪɣɽһıɣ
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ţŲͣĹѨС
һҶڿһټķĹǰѾĹѨλˣֻǣλãǰľȴҶϲ첻ѡ
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Ҷ϶ӣһ飬һİȥСʯͷȥࡣ
ˮḶ́éɽг֮Ϊйɷ֣ýΪýǽĹĴɣýᴥءĹֵҪˡĹˮԴ֮󣬲Ƿǽ֣ҪˮйɷԻĹеĹԹ
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䣡ͭǮ̼ǿԴ
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ǣǿǴ˵гֵĶéɽмأéɽʿУһλͨڵʿѪսǣǿȡʤλͨߣȴҲΪƹض
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Ҷϸ뵽ˣ;ԼһʲôײˣͷʱѾײ֮ϡ
Ҷϻ۵һУˮ̶֮Уˮ̶ҶϸսӴˮ棬ȥˡ
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һʱ䣬ҶϼԹеİ취ǣûһôҾλƾ౻ʹˣ
ҶϾɥڵϣӶˣȻѾ˸ˣԭǿԱٹȼģǣԶϰˣӶĻţû취뿪һĿ־壬ٽҶϣ

߱ڴʱţ
һ󣬾ҶȥУгһλӺһλ꣬ѾǵεˣһΣվŹߣҪھĹѨ
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˵Ŭҹ·е֪֮Уֹľ
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ʦԸ˼ʱ˵Ҫ˺Ϲ֣񡭡һܹʦԸҪɱ˺Ϲ֡ȭͷһĵӡ
̾ӵ֮⣬ȴҲа̾⻰ҲѾҶȻˡ
ȻӶˣĵģĿĲݣʵǿ˰ɣҲˣӣһ㣡
лл㣡ҧأһǳɣ
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230 ۶
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ǰô˵Ҳʿ˿ĹǶ׽ǣһξǲǹ
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˵硣ǣ˵̸ͬ˵һĹ̫ţˣӰȥ٣ɱ֮У
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ʱ򣬴̼ѻȸ峾ڽϵĵλӹɵģڵʿ磬ʮа˾ŶéɽһȥģԣһλéɽᣬҪһ
߸һλʮ߰СŮŮĿ͸Ȫˮһ㡣ʿУʿǵĿ⣬ʮа˾Ŷϣĸо
λټҼڴˣؼһսķ룬ɢĺ͹λսȻǿѧ峾ʿ
ǰ˵˵ԣһǰָʾһλӴӦ
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ʱȻκεӰӣǿֻ˵һΣ̶ˡ
ǣܺƻľһѾԽԽˡ
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ʱȺͻȻһ˱һԾ֮ߣԴڿۿɼٶȣըˣ
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˷ӡ֮ܿ˾ʿںڣʲôˣͷɱȴȻڼУ
ʹʱһλӺһλСӣиһľһɽͷϣ֮ŵ棡
ֵǣԣԹ壬ӺСȴɱ˵ĳ濴һͷðĺУһֻȻһӼڿһ̣еħʿ
˵ħʿָػĹ֮УЩȥˣֻʿȻһλˮݣȥܣħľˣҶǼˣһϳ
ôǲǸóˣԽԽʿ֮Уǽӣ
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峾ٲǶһλ߳嵽峾ߣ
ǰˣĺңӭˡ

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˻һһ˺ƣһͷײƵʱ򣬾ķ֣ЩȻһϣѹ겻ȥײϣһҺŵˡ
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232 Թħ
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ΪӤħеġšéɽзָܶ࣬ԣкܶʵǺܶں壬жٹж
Ӥħһɲǵľ죬̶ָ˳̬һµӣͻȻڿ̤һֱˡ
ʱֻ˲ŲæʿȻǼ򵥵׾֣־һᣬοͨʿһʿһӣΪһλǣһݣҲǴʱҪġ
ǣ˵ĳַʽһɵӣ׾ķԸһСǿԣԩδЧˣµľӤħǶѾħһĴˡ
ô֪־ǶԸħҪˡ
ʱոջϲ峾̾һҡҡͷǣܷ죬ָֻһˡԣ˵ߣȴһҲû뿪ˡ
ʱֻѾɱߵǰʵʵľһȭȥȭͷľ磬ߵķë𣬺Ҫһ㡣
ʹʱ߲Ųæĳˣף
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ҶüѸ徿һˣˣˣȻҶҲ˲õĺ뻵ۣԣӦ˵滹Ƿ棿
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ʲôǧˣħҪʲôҶѯʵ
ҵģҪûУһ־жһͳһ£ǹ˵òǣؽӤħص
شȻҶϾ֮УǣȴһѣʿŵöˣˣҪˣ
Ѿûκζ㣬ȰصĹȥɣ۽鱦ɵйɫŮȺ۹ȰҶϷȰ
׹벻ô̧٣Ǿȥɣ˵ţǧħӣҶϡ
ȵȡһΣȴҶϺͣˣһûиಽ
Ӥħͣ˽ŲЦ˾ǹӲ֮ˣҴӦһ£һλ˵˵Ը
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ʶϹõأպƭ壬ǽҶԨ䴿֮ɱ֮
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ӤħЦŻصǸɵŮӶԹ˹κεвԣܹ˵£
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뵽ҶԽԽͷˣĳˣòԽԽˣ
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ְ֪֡ҵúÿ࣬죬УҲҪȥΨһˣΪĶӣӦТУְ֣ҽܻܲ뿪ҶҪ뿪ħĿƣҲҪܿ࡭Ҷᶨǣ۽ȴѪᣡ
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ǣˣԼŵԣŹҸףҶĿ⽥䵭ȫɷһ˲ڸ˷Բ֮أ֮ڣޡ
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ҶϲĿ뷨УֻҪ̫ƽ񰲾ҵͿˣû̫ԸٸǿʲôģԶԵģ緢ң۴ΣãĻԣǳǿ󣬿أӵܽ
Ҷ֪ԼˣЩǵ⣬˭һʿҪ˾ӤħΪΪԼĸףΪǸŮˡ
뵽ˣҶ϶ʱȫսȻֻһ鷲ӣְܲ͡ɣ
ʦȵңң̤ձڶ
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ʦôˣӵһϵ
ҶϿЦܻŻѾˣЩëôܻ
ϸ硭ңҡС嵽ԱߣӵģȫĳëˣһεЦˡ
硭һŪҵӣء˵ţ໺ƮҶϵߡ
Ҷϣ̫ˣ˵һħģôһһˣһ̤ն̼Ҷϵߡ
ë´硭Ҷ۽ǺᣬЩˣĺֵܣԸȥĺֵܣ
ʱʱֵܲܣˣߵʱ򣬳㵽ֵܣĺֵܡ
ëǣǣǣСǣ
Ҷһ̸еԼοˣҲһµҲһǿֵģ
ʦҴ˾ˮǲǺǷһ㳩֮ɱСӱ˳
ãҶϺεºܣһȺֵֵˡˣֵܡҶһʱ𣬴


234 ӡ
ӼԼĽ鱻ñطʦˣ˵жôĸˣæӱȡһӣӴ򿪵һ˲䣬ˡ
ðҲڵʱǲÿ춼ںȾƣҶϵӡ
ӺЦЦ̶صʦˣ˪ʯͷ֮Уÿʯͷ˵Ǿƾơ
ðɣô˵һֱ͵ǲǣҶʵ
ûУʦһʱ䣬ѾͻͯڣҲǸڵĸˣӲ޽Ļص
Ҷϵ˵ͷӵĽٶȣȻģƾտʼӵĸоǸڣǣ벻ҲһͻˣеᣬҶȻ
ͬʱҶҲо̾Ȼΰġ˰֣ҶϽסðһ˵Ӱӣһˣܻ
ǣҶϺһΪףѵ˵ĿУûбҪô
뷨ոðͺܿˣҶȻ٣ʱˣ¸ӳˣھӤħѡһʱԥѡԼĸףʵȻĭѾΪӤħĹߣӤħȻмֵʱɱǣ׺һھӤħпޣңһˣһݱϡ
£ҶϵȻҪѡףǣѡȴòĳĭˣĭһԥʧˡ
һȺϣȻͷˣװƣðɣ˸װƵĻᣡӤħЦվʮ⣬ŵϵҶϵˣǴʱĻҶϼ˺;ӤħĴСϺ˵ıһ㡣
ȵȡʹʱһλ̤գڶ
̼䣬վҶϼ˵ǰСʦéɽΨһǰվгһĨЦݣģǶéɽᣬǣҿéɽǿ󣬿éɽľкξ壬кΰϷһҲߵ󣡡
Ȼ峾ˣѪʿһվҪһ
ҶϼһԷйԼʱĸж飬Ļ飬ĻѪж
ãһɱⱭƣҲҪһҶĵ˵
ʿӦŵƵʿһó˺þƣΪʵЩֻкһּ棬ǾӤħĳ֣Щ˾ˣ߳ˣһ˴ʶ
ʿڻģصһˣһ㶼ٺнҶƵʿðͷˣʵ࣡
ǣЩİˣȴԼͬĽһ𣬹ȻҪġ
ӤħҶϵĿˣ˾ԲȻڶ̶̵ļʱڣô˸Ըȥʣǧǰͳһս۵ʱһ㣡
һƱһɱ
̶˾ɽúһ㣬ˤеʢƹߣĿ˸ĶҶϣ֮УЩѾҶϵ쵼
Ҷϣʩɣ峾ķҶռȥˣںЩҶ˵
Ҷϵ˵ͷۼѾЦɱ˿ԥһʿ»󣡡
ԣֻ΢΢ĳƬ̣Ҷϵ˼ΪʵԻ˵ĶУ׭ṹһʿͲֻǵʿˣΪһ֣
󣬵ǣҪʲôΪͷͷ̫ܳͨתҲνĵв
ʿŶӵƬ̣ӤħѾɱˣһĿ꣬Ҷϡ
Ҷһ治ʱ򣬻δΣ̸ʲôˣټʿһ㶼ǵսкĻᣬĿǰĴΧ峾ǵһβ롣
ҶĿ˸ۼٲ֣Լڻûгɹ֮ǰȥˣǼٳˣڳ˵ͬʱһУͨ
ӤħڼɫʱһɫҪɫҪʿĵӦǸڣҶðеɫǵеҲ˵ҶǸڵĵˡ
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ʱɫĹâӷ֣̼γһټȦӣӤħСĳԩһķΧ޷뿪
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ʹʱҶðһɫУһεķڽ֮󣬾Ȼûκεͺһֽһ㣡
һйЧɫķƮھӤħģӤħԥˣΪĶ˵ģԣһηûһûУӤħȴˣڵȴķ
ǣͣһʱ䣬ȴһδķκε
ϵˣӤħɵɨһҶϡһۣÿҶϼЦ
һӤħȴȷˣǲҶϹŻʲôֻûѣ
Ӥħ֮أбжˣıѾóһˣ
Ҫʿˣ
֣ҶͻȻһ
ҶϵʿͬʱֱͨӤħ
ֱڣӤħûеȵɫȷǽǺУʱ䣬ʿ᲼
뵽ˣӤħЩˣԵʵǹҶϣȴҶϵСˣˣаޣҲϵˣ
ǺӴȭͷһȭʿһƻ󷨣
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ӡʿһ벻ҶϾȻʹ÷ӡ
ӡéɽУɬѶĶѧҲδʹãʹҲδشﵽЧݹۻʿ磬ʹáӡʿѾƵˡ
ɣӤħͻȻҲˣҶҪסȻӡ


235 Ϊħ𡭡
ȻӤħҪӴܵʱȴԼһⲨסȥȥ·ٿܣͬĹⲨ̧ͷͷһ澵ӣⲨǴɢġңϵķţһ㣬ɢǿķ
ӡҶϴһɱȻ
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Ӥħ˼оԼȫȼˣȥͨ죬Ҳֻˣ
뵽ˣӤħʹɱﵣ΢΢һһ󣡡
һӤħԴͻȻƮڿһ֮£Ȼ˹Ȼа֮ǣȴҲ˵壬һӡͶ첻κε˺ˣ
ЦһͻȻٶȵӰĳ̶ȣһ֮£Ͷſеӡһȭ
ӡȻڻû֮ùâ˸ǣ˶ԣʲôҲûУͨȥŷһϣһڵϣΨһһ㣬ŷͬʱƮƮķ򼸺һģһ
ԣȥһȭ
һƣӡ֮ƽ⣬ƾͱ΢ˣ
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һþӤħǿ˲ֹһʶҶҪ˹һӤħ൱ڵһ
һͻȻʧˣֵʱѾվ˹ǰڳֵһ̣һȭ˹ظ
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ְְ֡֡ˡְ֡ҶһɱУһߴ
ҶϴӼʮɵĹڣɱɱȥȻȫѪܣϴ˺ۣȸ־ȴɲҡ
ʦʹʱɱ˽ҶϵĲԶ
ӡҵģ뿪Ȼˣֱɱ壬׷ʿҶϴ
ʦҪߵҾ͵ӻص
Ҳ͵ȥʿ˽Ȼĵʿ磬ľҪ군ˣҶ϶
ʦǱĭҡΪѵĻص
Ϊħɱ֮Ҷҧ촽еı󿪴ϣÿһֻ̳ȥ
⻰һһأڻҪˣʦµһ죬ˣ
ɵƬ̣ͱһֻУɳȥˣ
棬ӽҶϵ˼峾峾ͬӾӤħĻгǱ߹ҲѾˣΪǰڶԮıûǣѲҲֻ룡
ˣлˣȴֲˣҶһھӤħĶдܣտ֪
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ͳ֮󣬾ӣС͹˴ʿȥɽׯסͳ϶ˣȴҶս
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ֻܵ˵ͷİɣҶʲộǰأ
õ˵ĳŵӱߴˣʿػ꣡
ߺ󣬰׷ԲԵ˳ϣĿ˸âһ峾
ңҲ֪ô죿峾ص
һħһ񰡡ħ֮ˣûħȴ٣˳һ
ҲΪħ峾ôһ仰ͳ˾Ӥħڡ
˳գϣⳡƽپĽɡ
˵仰̤Ӥħڣ
һսشҹֱʱ򣬲Ҷ˳ŲסˣӤħŲסˡ
£ӤħųҶϵĸס
Ҷץ׵Ļǣͷܣλǰ׵ĻѾõǳɣ
λϼһѾ۵òˣҶϵĻһһÿ죡
ںмѣվȷŹǣ죬ʮˣʱ򼴱£ƿڹУӤħҶϵʧУ
ҶһǱĳػ꣬Ӥħû׷ɱϢĻˣ
һһʯͷϣڣڵĺ
ɶҶ˳ϽͰ͵ļû˵һ仰
塭С˵峾ĵ˳һۡ
˳Ҳû˵ԹԵĵָˡ
λϼһҶһᣬб죬ܿܺˡ
лλǰҶĵľ֣һʿ
𡭡𡭡λϼһﻹҪ˵ʲô׻ǣ˵
ʹʱҶͻȻת˭ˣǿ
תһ̣׵סˣΪһϤİߣϻŸϤˣ
Ҷϣҵˣ
Ҷ϶˶ϸٿǴûİߣ䱳ŵģ˽Ӷȳӣ


236 ħߣ
һδƽһ˽ӣʲôʱֲãȴĳڴս֮ҶѾƣûСʱͨǻָˣ
ʵҶֻ֪̬żȻΪػĹĹһһǴĹ֮£ʿΧۣ
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ǻҵҶϣڴս֮ǰѾҶϣȻҶȴ֪顣
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ҶԴƼ֮˽֮󣬾һֱ߶Ƚ䱸ֻҪǧ⣬ҶϾܸӦжˣܶζˣ׷һΣ˺ܶΡ
Ҷµ飬Ƕ֪ңҲǵһ֪Ҷϱˡ
ۺ˵Ҳ˵ֻһֱڰжҶϣ֣żȻ
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ҶϣͻȻαװҹðɣȫ˺ۣȻҿڳԣȳЦż
лᱨˣţûİЦ
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ǣֻصʱͷֻ֮Уͺͻβһ㣬ǿĻ档
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ĵȥɣôãˣֻＸӽУҶˣվֻǰ˵仰ת뿪ˡ
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ôʦֶ֪Щħȥˣʻˡ
֮һֱڴӣֱڶ죬һλʲôͽЩħˡ˻ص
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ɽȥˣǿȥɽϰɣЩħֵĻᶼûУ˼æ˵
⻰оͺͶսˮһ㷢䡣˵ĵУѾɵش˻Ǵ¿ҲʿˣʮͣǸҵĵˡ
Ҳ˵һȺħӦòػĹĲЩˣ
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һ⣬ʲôмҶ뵽Ȼĭ
δ˵һλŮˣǻص
ŮˡۣҶϾͰͲסˣѵĭԾӤħ˵˾Ųʮĭˡ
뵽˵ʱҶϾȻЩССϲãЩССΣ
ǣϲúΣһ˲ʧˣΪĭѾԼվ˾ԵĶ棬һμⲻ˱뵽ЩҶĻʲô˼˷ܡ
ȻˣǾɽɣɽҲ׶༪٣Ͻ˵
ȵҡҶ˵ţóһɡУְ֣ѵʱǼңȥͶ̥ɣ
˵ţͽǰɡУҶ϶ᵽ׵ĻʱѾһϢˣʶø׷˲裬Ŀǰڻָ״̬С


237 ܡ
ˣҸˣ鷳˵ȥͶ̥˾ڵˣҶϵ˵
⡭ЩΪѵųϡ
ϵ˵ͷʹӦɣɽׯģǵѣ
˵ͷʹӦ
ҶϵİΣһлģϵĲѾˣֻǸ˵ȥ˾֮Ͷ̥͹һ裬Ƕı𡭡㲻ӹȡ
˵ţҶ׳һµĿƬ̶˵ִ˿ǰҾ֪ģ
裬۾ˣⶫڹջ󣬱ȽǮŮ˵ջ󡣵ǣҲһλ˼֮ˣ漴ʵĵַǣ
˾ûмֻ֪ȥʾҵˣҶϻص
¾ô̸ˣϵ齻ˣҶŸ峾ͳϳԺӡ
ϣǾôȥҶѯʵ
ֱȥȻǰ취Ǹɽׯһңû֪Ǵӵɽ˵ע⣡ϻص
ҶϺ͵˵ͷ͸ųϳСȥҰˡ
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һ̤ϿȣԶԶشȵĹֽĹУżֻͲˣ겻̫ߣһ㶼㣬ǹϲĵط
ǣʪеĹһ˻㣬ǣʿûǸҪˣȻڶѨˣʵ֪ǺټĹޣ
ԽϿߣԽŢңϿȣֻǿһͨﵹҲȫа֮δִ˴
ǣһǧң̤˹İУݴµľ㣬Ӧİףܴɽȥˡ
ʹʱԶһĺ
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ס˼رˣȻϵɫȴԽԽѿˣŲҲӿࡣ
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Сǰӹ߿һŷ֣ԭһĿһҵĴ￴ȥһλʮҵͷӣڵϺأ
ˡϼȴҶס͡
ꡭ²򵥣Ҷϼæ˵
ϵ˵ͷϸһ룬Ҷ˼ܣУԼȥģɽׯֻΪļ֪ͨңҾ϶֪
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ӣôĵӣҰܱ𣡡ڼ˵һ˲䣬
ĲңšҲҵʦãӴĺ⡣
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ʦòȥҺĺȥˡӿЦţжʦã֪ʱʦѾӵĹ⡭ԣлЩԺӵ֮
С࡭Сͱµĺӣ
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αƵװɣˣͲᵶᰮӦŮԸԸɣŭ
㣬ǳջңȢοҲ֪еһ˵ȻҲǻʿٮٮߣʲôŮȢҪȢ
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˵ʦá꣬ϲļһϻʦôҵ߶ˣ㻹˵޹ģԽ˵Խˡ
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ȽӣһԵԲĹĵ۾ӵĶŶˣһŹԹŮ


238 ȥ
һУ̫ˣҶò޼ɣĿǰԼľ̵ֻŽЩˣΧԼڶѨзһεܡ
ɲʲôţˣС˵һһֵ֮ɵΧȻһħʱС˵ڣôĿЦҲʿһҫˣʿټǣֻһȥֵһħĹǼֱЦ
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239 Ը
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Ŀǰǰս֮ˣѾһˣңڴսһ֣һֵĽսǿˡ
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⻰һڣĹﶼһӿɽׯͬһʱ䣬ɽׯ֮ϣ˼ˣһλҶϣҶϳֵһ̣Ŀ̲סһ۶ɽ
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ǣҲܽĭߵʵ
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240 һ
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Ӽæסͣ۾ҶϡʵҶѾϰӵ˵ʽΪȻЦЦ
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ͬһʱ䣬ɽУһλŮһԣĿ͵ĶţԱ߻һλߵСŮͬСŮҲһԲǣһ˫Ŀȴʱʱɽ
һƬ¹ʧˣǰĺڰʱҶŻص˷䣬ĵſڴ˯ˡ


241 ħ
ڶ̫һˣɽׯϵĽһУ·̤֮ϣӰӾɽĸо
İ쵽ˣƼļʿȴûһȤȥ࿴һۣҪôǴҴ·ҪôԺ۾ڿտ֮˯Ĵڡ
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Ҷʵ˯ۣһˣʵǲóԷԵģΪħ壬ֻһЩ֮ģ߷ֽһĳɷ֣ܱˡ
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ӣŲڴȡˣ˰˹ǶȣѵͲʹˡ
𣬹ʿۣӼæص

˵˵ЦЦʿȫ飬˴ԺС
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һ١ӲˣЩУķģһôһٷںˣûзˡ
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ӣҶû˰ɣҶϽԼһݷӵС
ʦ԰ɣüûԶˣӼæͻȥ
԰ɣҿˣҵкãٹȵʱ㳤οڵصµʱѾԷϰˣҶϻص
ڶӹཱུУһʳ̧ͷʱҶѾˣӾѸٵĳ
Ҷֳ±ϣͷɽȣɫոպȵһƬããģ죬ʱػмħ
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ôɽȵħһֱӪɽȣɽһг·ߣ˵ģ˵ĳԷˡô˳ԷôԼɽϼʮ˵Ŀ˳Էܳżأ
սСҶϿʼˡ
Ҷϲˣһηʮ죬̽ӶοӤħѾˣֻҪʿ룬ˡ
ʮҶÿ춼Ҫ±ȥ̽ɽȣһϰˣǣֵǣԴɽһͳʮȻ˵ӰӶûм峾ҲֻһΡ
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ҶϼҲһҶϳ滭˼ʮɫķٽӡɽӺë£Ŀǰĵ˶з£ǿʹá
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Сʱ֮󣬳Ϻéɽ峾һˡ
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һȻǲˣµĴڣΪʲô
죬үү

԰꣡ɨһӵĳУ˵ǻһõʿ֤ʿѵͲͳô
ȷһܺãܸɣ˾ԼҶϸʸ񣬵ǣʸʿ֤õûУΪһʿʿ֤ݣλʵ
Ȼʿ֤ˣһ˵ʲôֻܾҶϵİˡ
ȻƵȴҶϣôˣΪħ죬ҲڵȵڲŸ°ɣӦøһĻᡣ
ϲʦʦѾˣӰ˷ܵ˵
ҶϿЦܾ°ɣЩ˵Ĺ죬ܾú¿ô򵥣ǣô£ֲ²
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Ҷϻػʱ򣬿ԶĵЩ죡
ҶüҪ˵ʲôȴԼˣֻѼ䣬ǴӦԼҲΪҲǱģʵţظסδĶ֣
˱ã˵ˣǶˣ㾡취ŪЩʳԱսʱʹãϰ£ͽҶһſмǮһɽ


242 ׾
һпȥܺǣҶԴӳ֮󣬵оôǿңذɣɽׯˡ
ôһɣڿʲôùˣԼ˹֮ĵطˡ
ϣʱ򣬾ķ֣Լ·Ѹ⣬ⲻһ
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Ҷһȷûа뷿֮Űȵ˯ˣڶ糿ҶϵѯʣԭСҶϻʱ·ʪˣͰѹˣ̶˴ͷ
ͲѽˣֻҶϾȻ֪С·Ȼ˯һΣ˯úܳ
ȵȣǵúѾѡһٶʮ˵ľģԣûгȥ·ôʪأ
ʦѵˣԻʵʵɣֹҶϲ֪һӵҲһ֪
Ҳ֪ҿ·ʪˣˣСĻش𣬸Ի
ˣҶԼ·Щʪ
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µ͸ӵˣֻǣȻҶల£ʹˣ
ϴ֮󣬾Ҫˣ
һγȥݣտ֪ȥʱ򣬿϶ⲻһսʱˣ
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ʮ˵Ķ飬ǳȥݵˣ⻹һ˵Ķ飬רŴڻģ
һһٶʮ˵Ķ飬ڴԺС
ҶվЩ˵ǰĿ˴վҪħƤӵݣΣ൱Ĵ󣬵ǣǿˣҪԷݣʿĶ飬ơ
죬Ҿ벻ͨˣȻѾûˣΪڲƸۣһսأһλʵ
ҶƵƲƲ죬ʵҲʮˣʲôˣǷΧ˵ʱˣǣʱգƨţðɣҲգںˣһȨˣȴս֮ǰȹһݣ
ⶼʲô°žԩͷʿǻΪԸսأ
Ĵ㣬ʱ⡭ҶֻϹŽ˼仰
ǣ̸˴εʱЩʿˣɽʮûˣһλʿԭ
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ҶϴźƺƵʿɽˣһ·ź裬Ӫһսľս׶εķΧ
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ɽȻһѡ񣬺ܶһĹ֣̫ɽ֮Եĵ˾Ҫٺܶˣ
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˻һһֱڹսӣСë³սˡ
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һľһʱԷĹֶŴˣл֣Զа֮ĿǣʶһĲҿǰˡ
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ۡͻȻ׾֣ôҲ벻׾ⷨȻ׵硣
һʧˣļѪᷭ¶ɭɭ׹ǣӸӵˡ
ʵ׾ֱǶԸ׾֣־ʹʱһרǴǣ벻ǣӤħŪһƲʣڹʱ򣬴һף׷磬ܵͬ׾֡Ǹʱ׾ֻȴ׵˹ϣ
ôɺϣѪɣȻûǣϾ˵壬˵ܳסôǿǿû嵼ҲǷ񹦵ģ
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ţ׾ּ磬ź¡¡˹ȺС
ĸˣħĹӹˣΪھӤħУеУǿˣܺ˶Դܺ͹Դ跨
ǣˣˣοǣħȻǣֻһԣҪôģʬƳģˡ
ĹԵ֣
ԣۺ˵ܱǿ϶ĸң
һȺʹʱź֮ðһֻӴ塣ǾӤħ֮󣬹λ˾ӤħԴ
ţӤħеһħߣʼָвÿһȦħĿɢһЩ
ʮңħﶼ׵ıˣһ׾֣


243 ׶
ħߣǿЩħжĻߣӤħһȦһȦĲʱʵǸٶȣħ
ȫƵħûκ˼άģԣǰǵɽ𺣣һܲĳȥ
Щħʿʧȥһе˼άͺʬȫ죬һһĲ׾֡
ʮֻҵħ̳׾֣ڸոսһ̣׾֮У˸һһɫ׵硣
Щ׵ϣȫð̣Щһ㿾˽̿ǣȴûһֻ˵ġ
ֲĵˣǲģҶˣ׾ּͨÿһηŵ磬Ҫǵ֮һͨҲ˵ԷŵΣ׾ֵʮֻǲźЩͬھ뷨Ҳֻɱֻ
Ҷ뵽ˣæ˵ˣ֣
˾һ
֣Ҷϼһ
֪Ƕˣһһ
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ԣҶϼʱ׾֣ʵǵţʮף쳷
һսһʿһܣжʮʿͳ˰ΧȦ෴ķˣ
ĭĿҶϴ߾ͻȻԽն𣬳ҶϾһ
һϮ£һҲɱһ˲ٽҶϣ
ҶһοĭˣĿ˸âתһȭ
һмһǳɣգ۵ĹûУԣ䲻һȭĭӰȥ
䡭
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ǣҶϵӰӣѾԶԶʧˡ
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ˣڱĺ֣ҥ˵ͳ߲бѾŭԹˣĻ֮ãض
ȺɣӤħûһ֮һΪѾǵɽײˣɺħ֮Ĳ֮࣬ﰡ
ʶӤħԼʵϣ޵µĴڣһ磬ʲôҲǣ
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ӤħûоԵİյʱǲΪҪʵֵ̫ˣ
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ת䣬Ҳһģڤ˼룬ȻǣʵÿһԷϹץһʱҪ˽һʷı仯ضһֱҪЩ֪Ĳ࣬ǣЩ֪ľͶˣΪ˻ýĶˣ
ʷ˱ô⻰һҲ٣ʼʵı仯Ǵʷľܽģ
뵽ˣػͻȻЦɽͷսǲһһ䣬ʤǧ֮⡭ķöԷڿ־ȥ
ҶһߣȻǿӱޣСΪйߣҲһ죬һСسǵʱѾǺҹˣ
СسǾ̫֮ˣ಻ʮԣ֮аսۣѾӰ쵽СУҶ϶ʮ˽ǵʱȻոڣѾһӰˡ
ңУƻͨҹһ㡣
ʦΪʲôûҹУвСӶˡ
ҽ£ҵӣʳ󼴿̷ط֮壬ܶ˵⻰ͬʱҶѾжϳֿܣһ־ħΧ֮ɽׯʱħ˳ǣڳΪ壡
ǵڶ֣ѰˣħѾͳСسǣʱڰǱڵȴǵĵһǣͻŴ򹷡
뵽ˣҶһϣǵһǧǵڶ
ʦ㿴ǱһֻʱͻȻ


244 Ĺ
Ҷ˳ӵָȥȴӰӶûмˣٿӣָһǽǣۣͷۡ
ҶĿ˸ڿˣһԻһ۵Сۡ
ҶϸӾˣͨĿȴɼ˵Ĺһ̣Ըתµԣֿܣһ˹ڶ˹
һԣܶһйĿܲҲ˵һ˹Ŀģ
ˣҶĿⶢӵӣжһǲĿණˣ˹˻þ
Ŀණӻͼ֣˹ʲôҲֻǹʹһڴߵķʽ˲޵Ļþ
һ֮£ҶϾ;ˣ۾Уһֻ۾ͼ񣬾ʲô壬ǣһֻ۾ȴʲôҲɫͫ峺ף
ͬʱë෢ˣù졭
ӣס۾Ҷϼæ˵
ҶϵĻæס۾ףôʲôҲˣ
ҶĿ⣬һɨǽǴƲƲ죺߰ɣʲôûУֻǻþ
ȻҶȻԲǻþĹˣܱܹͨĿĹ
ȻܱܹͨĿˣΪʲôӻܿأ
ʵѽͣҶֱڲ֪ΪӵĵнˣΪǴ˵еİ֮һֻۣ۾ͨĿļۣ֮ǲͨ飬ܿ
ͨĿһôκʱ۹λأȴɱβۣ
ۡë뵽⣬ߴ
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻκζ𣬵ǣҪҲû취ָյԼ۾һ㣬ʱֻ۾ų˺ɫĹâǳĿ⣬ĿʬŻֵ۾Ϲ֣һ˵ϹֵĶᣬʵͺʬ࣡
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Ҷ۾ɺɫ֮ٿ֮ǰ˵Ľ䣬һԼҲסˣǸǽǣһССĹѣվʮֻʱڹ۶ǣͷظϳֻ۾һ׳ͷڵѪһֻǳİɣһһϸһһԲĵطһӡǣһڲϵѪѪֻѪ
پǳ˰ϷˣӣͷɢֻۿѪģҲôֻֻ˵·̫ˣֱӱҶˡ
ǣҶϵߣһŮϣŮȥʮ߰꣬ŸƤǿҪиˡ
ȻΪһʿҶϺǲܻеģԲỳУ˹ӹлỳУ
һ£ֻһʽڣôҲܲԪϸ췽ҹ̷ˡ
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ԭ棬һ棬ӤԴԴϵȥͻӳһ쿪ʼԶһ棬ȻԹ̫󣬴ӳʼ޸ĸһӤ죬ĸļգӤĵһ£߱ɱĹĸףΪӤ֪Լһ̣ͺܷŭɱΪ֡
Ҳ˵ùеˣԲΪʲôˣҶ룬᲻ǾӤħأ
ȻǵòʲôˣЩվǽǴûǹҶüͷ΢߰ɣûˣ
ʦ㡭ӿҶϳ۾ιȥë£СǣҲ˷۶Ҷϡ
Ҷ֪һԼ۾ˣиĽͲУ˵ǻƽͫ¿ģ
⡭ӣ˻ǺܷҶϡ
Ҷ֪ǽЩĶҪʱģֻҪԼһƣĵĶԴÿһˣܽܶһܿʹøӹҲñĴ
뵽ˣҶƳһǽǣЩ֮ˣһɵĲǽǴ
߰ɣҶ˵ţһǰȥˡ
Ӷ˵͸ȥˣǣȴ໥۾ڱӣһŸȥ
һٶ˼ǰ˾ûʲôǣҶԽԽľİ׵ľ룬Ҷ㿴һֻҵĶ飬඼ԹܴĹ
ûйǹ⵹Ǻ£ҶҲо棬˭˴˵صĹǾкСΧع꣬һĹǣΧأֻ¾ǹô򵥡
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ǾӤħΪʲô
˺ܾãһûУֻܰ̾һǾ칺ʳǣ
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Ӧŵǰȥˡ
ཡϰ壬ҪʳŰǰˡ
ǣʮӣһӰûУ˿Ŷ¥ĵƻ;ˡ
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뵽ˣҶŶ¥ͻȻһԾ˶¥򿪴˽ȥ
Ҷȥһ̣һֻҶϵԴҶƳһۣһǰѾվ֮⣡
ͷٿʱһλŴ󴸣һλŮСӣ۶Ҷϣʲô
Ҷȫһ㱻һҪδվֱӣģʲô
ɾҶϣԵжǹ֣ͱαװˣҾ˺ҵ޶
ҶϿ󺺼ᶨЦǺǵó˹֤͵ȻѾ֪ˣҾֱԲˣʿγ֮屻ʿݣ
ҶϵĽͣˣͬʱ˵СسѾһˣǴһǰʼ֮屻Χͱˣ˭Ҳһ
ͬʱȷҶϵ֮󣬺⽫ҽԼҵ͸ҶϣǺϣֲӾͻΧ֮һǡ
Ҷϵ˵ͷģһУ
ô˵֮Ҷϵ˿·ˡ
ǣҶһ˽ԶеʱжˣһĹСسǣʮ֮⣬ʱйâžĹĹ֮С


245 ࡭
ϰӲǺܴװһһ棬֧ʮϣһ·϶ӼݳҶϣë£СڳỤͣ
˶ڿзУ복᲻ǺܸߣҹңĿĵֻʮ·
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248 Ե
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ĭһóѣˣʱѾվʮ֮ˣͻȻЦһӤħһְɣ
ӤħüͷгֵļӰӣûһʱ䣬ʦңΪ˽죿
ûĭѾش˾ӤħһȥشľӤħûһȡʤġ
ԣ⽫ԼԵˣˣܺôĿİɣ
ȻӤħûֵ˼ܸ߹ˣΪҪô˸ǰ°
£ĭͻȻЦУʲô£ʲôɽԼûһϵһСŮˡʹ޵ˣʵǰֻ
һУĭҶϺ˼ϣԼ̸ĺɱҶϺ˼ɱԼͶͬھ
ǣ²ֻ֣һ˳ߣ
Ȼ뿪˪ļ֮󣬾˺Ϲ֣Ѳ⡭˲š
˵ţϹĭ߹ĭеô֪ڵ飿
ǡп˲ÿĶһҿԸɱĻᣬҪ𣿡Ϲֻص
ĭѩڷŭ֮࣬ʵһֱأʲôʱôḡˣȻһκһҶϣ㵱ʱڣ


249 
ĭӷ֮ǡɼϹ֣;ºͺϹѲ˸ϵϸ֮󣬾Լô󷨵Ķˣԣʧ֮£Ҳض˵
˵֪һǺϹ֣ԣʱʹӦˣҪҪɱ
Ϲ仰ʱ򣬾ЦˣĭУôһԼӵĿҶϣȻҶϲҪΪṩҩǣΪ˷ֹ⣬ĭòֶΡڶĭ԰ȥһЩԼɲ˵顣
͵ϵͽܣ
ȻʱĭȴҲ˵ûһԹԣȻԹϴ󣬵ǣǻеģһ㣬һӺϹͳ˺ܶණԽ֪Ķ࣬ԽľԽ뿪ˡ
ҶǵĺϹ֣ѾӦʱ򣬾;һֱȴôһ죬ͬʱȴҲڲϵѰϹֵѨ
첻ˣĭһ֮ҵ˾ӤħѨ
ĭԼĿ֮ʱҶϣӺë£˸ϵˡ
ҶϵһأվŮӵĲԶĿ˸ĭҡ
ĭɨһҶϣߴ׽ﻹûԭأ
⻰ҶͻȻЦˣȻûв´ĭһֱߣָоһֱ߹һʱ䡣
ǺǡңȴǺεҶϷʵ
ҡҲ£ĭ
ԭҶڵµʱ򣬶ĭĿʵǻ룬ʵҶ֮ĿβҵҶϵʱҶѾˣ
ĵ뿪Ŀ̩ʱ򣬾ͿĭˣѾҶϣȴΪλҪأ
ĿǰʵǸ𣿡
Ŀĭϲ֮ʵҶأĹѾüˣΪʲô
ʱĿ֪ĭһֱڰйעҶϣǻصѾء
⻰ĭͨһӶڵϣһ㣬ͷǶתơ
ĿＱæϸĽҶεȻĭǲҶѾˣ壬Ŀȥ¿ˡ
ʵˣҶѾˣ
ĭҶȥˣǣǷһ⣬ҶϵĻǣôʬϡ
ĭѾǻˣȻڿռȥ磬ͭǽһңȥ֮ӵ֣ҶϵĻѾ״̬ǣȴһҲ࣬Ƥͺͻŵʱһ
ĭܺ棬Ȼȥˣ˼ʱ򣬷ҶϵĻѾظˡ
ǹһΣһΣֱĿǷˣҪǴɱ֣ʱڽˡ
ǣǸʱĭѾ֪ҶϻḴˣԣԼļƻվִš
ոһգһȥˣҶϹȻˣûĭʧ
Ҳ벻ɣһǰ֪ĭĿˣԣѨ֮˵Ӧˡ˵ţӤħͻȻ̼֮ǰһС
һ̣Ҳ֪ԭûһ˼򵥵ģ׽Բһ˺ܴȦӣ໥ơ
¹ԭ¹˭֣Ϳˣ峾̾һͱ۾
СʱصҶϵߣĿű֮ľӤħ
䣡ҶͻȻһԼһ˵ͷ߿ǣ˳׵İС
;ӤħѾǵһζˣҶϵȻҪֳʤô򵥵飡
Ϲֱӵɨһ䣬Ļ䣬Ѿֱˡ
Ӥħָһָ󷨣ӵ˵󣡡
˵ţϵĹ꣬ʮֻ֮С
Ҷ϶ڵϣָץһѻƶ˳ȥˡ
ڻƶصһ̣ȻһӾµľӣ
ɱʿ;Цˡ
Ϊɱⷨһܹʩչģɴ˿ƶϳҶϵĵУѾ˸ĩ˰ɣ
ʱЩ׷ɱҶϵʿѾˣҶںħԾͲ֪ˣֻѰ
һѰңûҵҵ˳ϣڳϵе֪һС
ǡǻɱɱҶˣһλʿʵ
ɱˣɱˡϻص
ʿֻΧۣۿҶϵ˺;ӤħĴս
ʱЩƶɵĽʿȴǻʩչʿڼʮֻħ֮ʣЩʿиһţеĹ֣һֻֻεˡ
еʵʶһѪ˵ţӤħϣϰֻѪĹ
ЩѪ֮󣬾Ҷʩ仯Ľʿһ˲䣬㽫ʿɸ⡣
ҶϼһѶӣǣЧ΢ûΣͱѪˡ
ҶϾӤħʵ̫ˣһκʵʵĴҹսˣһѡ˶һν棬·ˡ
Ҷһҧйʱǻʮ硭
ϣɽͻȻ֮Ĺ꣬ҶһָѪ֮
ЩＴ̶ѪľһеѪ
һѪӤħܵ˺ȷʵ˺ܶ࣡
һӤħҲ벻ģɱҶϵľȴӼᶨˣǿ̲ݻŴˣѾΪᣬһҪ֮
Ǵһ֮һǳˣȴҲֻң㹻ҶĹһսˡ
Ҷϱܾ˵뷨һҪ˴˴γֵЩꡣ
ǣոմ߶Щ궯֣ȴһγֵĹȻǹޣӣ㽫ԼĹɱƬײ
ҶҪһʩʱЩ޳嵽֮ϣײ֮£λɱС
һӵ˾еæˣľ˸ͳˡ
ҶһֻӣҧָڵϿʼ׭дéɽʦүűǼ̶дϡ顱Ĭߴ
ϵķһ̣ͻȻһҿˡ
Щҿ֮˺ӰӣЩӰ֮ͨĿ֮£ֻЩǴ˾ߴٳģһֻʶҶϣһҶϣʵҶʿٻҵȹΪ£
еɱǣҶϴһ
ЩԣӦŵսˡ
éɽʦүôЩСҵ洫浽ǲ
ȻЩʵĹɱһĹޣֵһ㽫ɱ߰˰ˣ
ȥɣӤħһδεС֮󣬱ŭɱ
ꡱһȻѷ󣬾ӤħһƽˣҴźХķɱˡ
ӣӭһֻǣľӤħˣһȭӷ͵ȥˣ


250 ܾ
ӤħһóѣһĿҶϣǣҶϵĽѾȫķˣΪӤħֱȭͷҶϣǱǻڰֻһ͵ȴҶϻƾսɡ
ԣҶϵǰʱද˼ΣͻȻͨĿҲκεĶˣһƬ
ҶƾֱͭǮ󣬵гߵ⣬һš
ţںĿռУһСӵĲҺ
Ҷüͷٿܣĭë£ˣֻܿĿͶҶϵļˡ
ͬʱҶҲʶһ⣬ȻͭǮСӣ˵ˣһ˵Ҳ˵ӤħˣȫħҪеʿ
һˣһֻӤħһ֮ʿ˺ƵСǣ֮ħӤ飬ԩ꣬ɲȶÿһֻɱһλͯڵʿȻ֮ۼ˼˵Ӵ飬ͻƸڵģ֮һҲʮ˶ѣԣжٶʿǺѾסһģ
Ҷ룬ӤħǷ˶ĹʱвҺ
Ҷ鼱֮£ҧָڱ֮ϻһš֮˷éɽʦү֮ڶʱԻ鲻Խĸʩ֮ķ
֮˺·ոջõķӡԼظϣ
̶ĬһʱڵҹɫУֻظһƬѪ⣬ǣʿ龰ħУͿ˵ʿѪڷ
ʩɣҶ϶˵һˡ
ȻЩħʿѪʱһһ̰ʶ׷ɱˣһ˲䣬Ҷγһĺɫӡ
ҶϸܵΣǣȴҲûгĿһڷɶȥˡ
һڷɣͽʮа˾ŵħ֮⣬ûƼʿֻһƬӴĽ
ҶȻ˹ܣȴͨĸӦ˵صĽȺ壬Ƶˣ
Ҷͣ˽Ųͣ½ŲͬʱһѷͬʱҶ϶μӹİǰ
̶ҧأýԼļӡ˷һƤظ̶׽˰
ʱЩħѾɱֻǱһѷò˶ӣģģߺͷֱײһģ֮ǰĲôһ㡣
Ҳһʱ䣬ΪҶϴһᣬٶȷɿ죬˴Ժ֮С
ӸոصʱǱ߰а֮￪ھâ˸һ˲˼ʮֻ֣
ǣҶȴûΪɹϲðһЩ׮֮Ķ
̶ٶȷɿ죬ܿڵϲһµ󷨣
Իƺ󡱣éɽʦүǸݽľƺԭ;ƺһ¡һѹʽʮĻƺӶ
ƺ߻׮Ÿθ߻׮һʮ׮ľʮ˸УȻúľľŸţ״䣬ϷһܴΣоʮ䡣
ĽǺʮ׸ߵľźɫķ죬鶫ľϷ𣬱ɹˮ켺СǬаרõġ
ھÿһоŸλ׮ϹҾյ˽Ǵİ֣»١ϲ顢˳һʮյ׮ľϵɫĵƷֱžյƣΪ׳۵ľƺ
Ҷ˽ӽµʱ䣬ڵ¸쿪ʼÿ춼ԣҶϽѹˣǱס˵ֻ˵Ѿˣ
ڰں󷨵һ̣Ҷϲϵͨ
ͨƺ֮󣬵ټ󷨿ˣ˸žâҹ
ܵʿ󷨣զ಻ѣٿһһҶϣг˾֮⣬ǲˡ
󷨣Ҷ϶ʿ
˳һһһ죬̼˾ƺ֮УȻкܶħ׷ɱԱߣһͣ½Ųˡ
ҶȻӴĹȺ壬¶һ˿Ц⣺ӤħгǧҲһֻһֻɱˡ֮֮𣬽죬Ҹˡ
ԭҶڲĽ״̬ˣµʱ򣬾Ͳµ˾ӤħҰģҲ벻˳ôһ죬ԣѧ˸ӵľƺ
죬һжһ÷ĻǷˣһʿ˾ƺһ̣ҶϾ֪Ǿսʱˣ
Сˣ˵⣬ƺ֮ˮһһʲô£ȫʹɣӤħ˵ţ̼ħںϣħĴСֻ֮ǰ֮һˡ
Ȼ֮һҶȴûȡʤİգֻǱ㶷߿ˣһ㣡
ʹõķѾʹõĲˣõĵߣѾˣĿǰֻпͨ;Ӥħһսˣ
뵽ˣҶеı̼ó죬һһĻȼ
ӤħҶʹþˣæһǰһαã̶һɫĳֽһҶϡ
ҶĿڳԼԼһ̣бͻȻ֣һɱ֮𣡡
ԱϣŻıֱӴ̽˳壡
һȴһµ˼ûУҶϣ
ҶϽһżԼͣһȭһȭǣ
һȭӴ򹷣ֱɱʽĹȭͷԷͣǿǼֻħûͰ
ֻǣȭͷٽ͵ʱһֱȥ˳֮С
һμС˺ܶ࣬ǣȴ˲һҶϡ
һȥҶϵһ첲ضˡ
һҺҶм𣬽ֱԷ۾ȵط
໡
һҺӷ˳ʮס
ڿս֣ܾˣ
ҶǿžʹһֹѪֹסֱѪ
ʱ򣬾Ӥħȫ˺ܶദҲڼٵĺϳɣ
ʹʱë£ӣС˿˹ϣͬʱӾƺзɳŷֱӤħħ塣
ҪҶϼæ
ǣǺˣٽӤħ֮ʱȴһƬһƬħ֮УͻȻһͣһھˡ
ʵҶһֱ⣬һھӤħڴҹһֻͣһֱûʹãˣ˻мˡ
ʹʱҲ֪ĭʲôʱֵģȻվ˾Ӥħļϣ׼ӤħԴһ
ͣ
һôĿ죬ǳ䲻⣬һεóˡ
ǣһǿľӤħ첻ɶ˺Ӥħתһڱĭ


251 
ƽ֣˵ҶʤһΪӤħѾֹһθˣļС̶ȣѾԶԶس֮һˡ
ȾӤħ֮һļС̶ȣҶ˵ģһ첲
Ȼһ첲һ˵ģϾûж˻ɶ۴
˵𺦵ıбȽϣӤħǰˣ
£ûӵ˼룬ʤδǣӼ˵ļ룬ȴҶϴ˾Եơ
ڵǣҶϲֱñȥɱӤħˣΪӤħʣ
ңҶҲһ˱ɣӾˣǣӵʿȻֵʱ䳤һЩӦ֧ʮӣ
һнⳡսޡ
Ҷ϶һ۰ʱҪͶԷսʮӵʱ䣬һҲûпǵʱˣЯһɱ˾Ӥħ
һΣҶϹĲǾӤħ壬Ϊ壬п˵ڲʣ
ԣҶѡǾӤħԴԴɹûģûԴħҲһǸʱɱͺɱһͷţһļ򵥡
з˸žâͼͬʱھӤħԴһֱĿ꣡
ȻзоӤħԴһ̣ҶĿĭ׳ڼеĵط
Ҷ¼ˣæӲĽĭıˣ
ȻڳصĹУԼȴ˾Ӥħǰ
ȻӤħӴѾС֮һҶھӤħԴͺһֻС
ӤħͻȻЦˣһڴסҶϵӣĽӴмһΪ
һΪʬԣҲǺϲһģӤħӲ̵ľǣҧҶ֮󣬼ҶϵȣҶϼˣȼһ첲һսЩĸоˣ
ȻҶһλײĲˣ԰ӣӾӤħУӲǶ°ӡ
ȻԽʣһ첲Լ°תܣ
ڶߵͬʱҶϸʩںûӵ°أ
ӤħżβͶߵҶϣͻȻЦ͹˶Ҳ̫ˣ
ں֮Ҷϣһ⣬û˫ȣֻһ첲ȴһɱȻ
ȥԸɾһͷʣӤħ
һ̳˾ֻԴͯӹ
һ̣ҶϲŻȻ֮һٰܣһĴ󣬽ں֮ľӤħһĹԴˣȻѪӤĳ֣һӤħʵֻһֻħһֻħȥҪһȺȥҪһɱЩ֣ˣʣµȻǱˣ
ͻȻҶϸӵķŭΪʲôһ뵽أ뵽ٻʿͺ͵һκ;Ӥħһһ˶ԸһֻֻĹһܻɱİɣ
ȻʱѾٹˣͨά־ƺƣҲάֲ˶á
ٻʿ֣㣬ĭӣëµ˵Ͳܱסˣ
뵽ˣҶֻһˣȻѪӤͱ˷
ֽУѪӤͬʱſˮͺСӼʳһ㣡
Ҷϱ֣ھѪӤɱʱ򣬵ҿһͨҲܲܿУͺͷһҿ
ǣʹʱӤħıȴͻȻ춯صĲҺһ
һҺͺͷ˰˾żһضɽҡ
ҶϾžӤħѪӤĶžӤħսָƽ
ʹʱһӰӾӤħб˳Ѹ塭ҶϸţѸ岻ǹرڵôôͳˣһǴӾӤħбģѵҲӤħˣ
ʱ򣬿Ӥħ壬ڹѸ˵ĵطһӣӻڲϵ죬תۼͳһ״ĶӣɵʿһӶ˳
ѸΪʲôΪʲôÿγɹʱҪֹˣӤħùѸûޣ˵Щ
һѾʱˣǳʱͻһѪȵĲɱ˵֮󣬲ɱˣѸ巴ʵ
ûǣҩˣǹˣǹħܻ죿Ӥħߵ
⣬ѸһԼȴⳤˣ㣬׷һȴδܳһȥɣﲻˣѸɫ˵ʱЩˡ
Ӥħ̾һ˵ðɣҸȥ
˵ţӤħվ˹ѸǰһļһʱôĹˡ
ҶЦ֪ڹѸǰػ˹ɣ͸ȥѰҲͲнˣ
ţҶƳһ۾ӤħǵһĨЦæŹѸСģ
⻰ճڣͿӤħȫĴǣס˹Ѹ塣
ҪܻĸӤħЦһոһӵӣֱȥˡ
ţĿ˳ĹѸҶϵǰͱӤħж˿飬Ȼˡ
ҶЯֹǣܿͺ;ѪӤһˣѱֻ۰Ͱ͵ŹѸʹȥ
ȱ첲ȵҶϣѪӤ򶷣һ㱻ѪӤˣΣҶϵΣʱ򣬿ӤħϲĿУͻȻһߴССŮ
СŮɾĿĻˣһŰɫʣֵһ̣˳žӤħ壬ȥ
תۼ䣬һ֮£վ˾ӤħӴԴ֮ϡ
ӤħɺĿҶϼ̵ӣЦ
ʱҶϣѾˣϵľѪˣ˱һƤǵĹͨˣˡħ壬ҲסôڣѪӤŹѪ⡣
ȥ֮ڣֻֻ꣬Ҳˣʱ򼴱ˣҲȲ
Σʱ̣˶ˣа׻һƬͻȻ˾ӤħԴϡ
һƬɫĶӴӤħԴһ̣ҶϵľѪӤͻȻһ˾Ӥħ塣
ţͿӤħ壬ۿɼٶڱС
ҶͻȻ󾪣ŵģǺȻþӤħڶʱȫʧȥ֮ˣ
Ȼµص㣬ΪҪģĪڳᣬ˾Ӥħ
뵽ˣҶϵĻ壬ЯֱӤħھӤħԴֱӱһ
һ̽ȥ֮󣬾ӤħţҺţԴ֮ϣ¶׹ǣţٶȼɢ塣
һ򣬾Ӥħ壬ͱһӴˣͺͿʯֻ࣬ʣЩ֧ˡ
ҶϳĺһȴҲɨһ۾ӤħԴϵİɫʣʱ׵סˡ
ǰɫϣѪѪ


252 
ҶϸٿȴŮ˵һƬһʱѪĿҲ̫вˣȻ뵽֮ħ֮ԭ˵ѣֻһ벻ˣ뵽ˣȥأ
ʵҶƽľڤһΪӤħֻ֮ǹɣ乹ǰһ󷨺ϳɵģһƽ󷨣Ҷϲ֣ںϵͱӡһʿ֮
Ӥħֻʣ¹ͷˣӣ˲Ŵ߹֮˳
ҶЦźЦ
æҡͷָһӿ߹мӣ뵽ģôвţ
ҶſӣëӣЩ⣬Щм
ΪôţƵķȻ뵽ˣмȴΪôͽܣٴΪģֱţǣڹؼʱ̣ǳʤ
ֻǵҶӵʱȴ˵ʦҲһ˵Ĺͣë´˵Ӥħĺϳɣһһ󷨣Ȼ󷨣Ҿ뵽ƽľڤķҲ֪ʹʹĹǻҪСˣġ
ӣڸҶ˵һ֣Ҿɱ㡭С
ʵҶڵĵУѾһ۾ܿŮǷΪǷ¼ٵʱԣڿʱ򣬾֪һСˡ
ҶĿɨС࣬ӣëº͹˵ϣȴĭȵĭأǲһô
԰ĭأһãȻ
ëҡҡͷʾûмҲʾûмҶϼˣ˹Ǽ֮С
ڹǼ֮ʱȴĭЦվԭ㻹ǵҰ
ˡҶϳ׵س˻ô£ǲҲ͵һӵһСʱǣ
ڸĭˡ
ҶͻȻԼĭ֮䣬ôᣬ鲻Խ˵ĭкöĻ˵ȴ˴Ӻ˵𡭡ҡҰ㡭
ĭֵʱǵ¶һ˿ЦݣǣȴȻ޶ԡ
ʹʱӵУӵӵ
ĭĿ˸룬ͻȻҶϣȻںҶʱֱӴȥˡ
ҶԼò״̬ˡ
ʱĭͷ˵һ仰ǻȥɣһûлؼˣ
ҶϼæӦŵƨߵߵĸųȥˡ
棬Ҷϻ˲Ҳ̶õ壬󷨣ʱЩʿ֪Ҷϣ֫ȫ壬ɶΪ˾ǰȴ˼ҵħɽͷ
ҶɨһˣҲ˵ʲô£ԲĳһˣԣЩ˵һлĻ
ʹʱҶüͷ΢΢һ£ɨһԶͽٻԼߣĵضһЩ£̶ĿĴ·£뿪ɽͷ
ĭë¶Ҷһ뿪ɽͷɽͷֻʣӺСˡ
С࣬ȥŸĸĺ°ɣȥħʵЩۣ˵ţͿ±ϣ䶪Ͽȡ
һҹɽׯҪˣ˼ļˣ˶˷ܣΪӤħˣģ綼һϢ
Ȼ෴ɽУſڵϣĿ⾼ȻĹͷ
һ֮ӿһֻͷβĹˣǴӹͷгֵģ
ϸһȻž֮Ļۣ͸ӾԼʦˡʦʼû˹ͷ֮С
ǣʱʼʻ磬Ѿܶκ˹ΪвˣӵɨһܣҪĵضߡ
ȥʹⶫǣҶϷԸɱֻܰй۲
ˣھɸ㶨飬ΪҪһأʼһôĶ飬ֳΪˡ
ӺɵʱճһӰӣ̼վʼʵߡ
ʼսսˣ˭
˱ӣӰôϤһʶˣֻһʱ벻˶ѡ
ǰʵˣɣ˻ص
֪˵룿
ȫµ˶֪룬ϻ˵ߣ˵ţץʼʵĻǣһʧӰˡ
аֲʦ۲黹һֻûгأ
վٸϻȥˡ
˵Ҷϣ֧飬Ѿˣħϵˡ
ʹϧУҶȴ˵ˣһɥⲻûô
ǡ磬ӡ̾һ
ϣģҶ뿪㣡ʱĭĵſϻص
⻰ҶϲӣԻǣڵǷһֻҸЦˡ
㿴ñһĭҲԻˣҶϺںԼ塣
ͻȻʶһ⣺ħ壬㻹᳤Ƚź͸첲𣿡
ҶҡҡͷΪʬʰ
ʬһ壬ֻеʬʾ磬Լ޸ʵ˵ʬҲˣв壬в꣬졣
ҶϽʬ޸
ǡڸɶأĭɵˡ
ڸ˺źңûȽкηҶϻص
УҪ޸壬ȻҲŲм˵ķأĭص
ë¸һԴЦ
ʹʱëµĵ绰ˣæһ绰
áϻëߴߴĻص
Ҷϼëµıܲڣʵʲôˣ
ֹһˣȵ˳Уϵë˵ţͿʼٻ̧ˡ
Ҷϵ˵ͷصСĵ㣡
֪ΪʲôҶֹ￪ʼֲԤУʲôطִĵطȻлкܶԩǣʥĵطɷ̫أһ꿿ҿôֹأ
ëӦŵ˹̧μʧˡ
ҶëµıӰܲζ
ˣëĵУԩҲκβĭȻܶҶϵġ
һʱˣһһа֮һܺͺеĵҶ׵ģ
ҶˣҶ̾һոսһֻͨħͷôħͷأ
ԼοԼ֮׿ȴʼ˼Լһʲôſһʱ䣬һʱ䣬Ҫ̫ˣҪƣҪ仹һֻħͷҪ
ԣʱ䣬ҶɿĻᶼûУ
ǣ֮޸壬ӳȥܶ˵ģ
˹ĭ͹ʼʰˣҶʼʩٻһһǣʵܻڣһһǵĹֻͣԼӤħɱȴǵһһǡ
ôһһȥˣ
⣬ܿõ𰸣ΪʱʩչķлܿٻԼһһǡ


253 ƽ
Ҷл䣬ͶڵĿҹɫ
ĹţԶһյ׵ƣعââֲָҹڱҹɫɣˡ
һ쵽˼ķŹӭ洵УںҶϵ֡
쵽˼㣬ĭڴɨ䣬ķŵñ¥ݡ
ʱǿҶϰĶڵϣʲô¶ûзһ㣬ֻԶķԽԽ󣬶ϸ֮󣬸ӵľˣϡ
֮УͻȻˣţлɣȻ÷ʼ֣Ҳ̫а˰ɣ
ڶ˾ʱ򣬴·ϵ·ƣһ˲ȫû˹âȫȫҹˡ
ҹҲɵƹ⣿һ£Ǻҹҹ⣬ǽǶôֲһ£Ƿƹ⻹иƨð
ȻЩǲԳ˵˼άȥǺҹǺˣÿѧǽͲͨģȴʵʵڵĴڡ
ʹʱҹгһӰֻߴСͺĿһֱ
ʲô⣿ľ֣ȴĭںǺǵЦţˣٿʱߴСˣѾվһ¥ˡ
ϸ硭ֵ
ûǺӣĭֻߴСҶ˵
ԭǸзСˣȻҶϣͺ͸Ƴһģһֻ߼С˶ѡ
ٿϣǸȻ鲻Ҷϣǰָָ㣬һ㣡
ڶ˵ĿУߴСҶϣֺԻǲȫ죬Ŀ͵ڴҶˡ
ţһֻõ֣ڴҶϵͷ̶ץס˻ǣһ磬һ롣
ڻǳĹУÿһΣħСһΣһЩ
ĭЦˣֲһﲻŲæģԭ׼壬Űħ岻һ£
ʵˣҶڵ긴֮󣬵һ¾壬һһǷȥҵһľĵط
ܵʱ򣬱ʹģںʱһ꣬ʱȥʱȴû뵽ôħͻˣòԼܵٻ
ҶϵĻǣһ磬һĳˣһһʱħʹˡ
ǻǳֺֻûץţһ磬һķ֮С
Сʱ֮ҲҪˣҶϻںɹĺһվ
ôµˣϸ磬ˣܲܰҲŪһ˷ܵ˵
ҶȥͷĺˮʮһĹһСվһ𣬴Ӻ󷽿ͺֵ졣
ڹĻҶֻܿЦǱƲѣҪʱ䷽ܳɹңһΣһأʮأҲ֪Լжٸۣ˵ܿһغˡ
СܣСܣλСܵܣӶûǳԣĭգ۾˵
ҶϷһۣǿЦð廹ûɣȥȷиСԺҪ˵Сƨˣ
ĭǰҶȻôˣðɣ㣬Һ䣬һůɣ
˵ţҶϱĭĭЦű˷䣬ĭŵ˲䣬ҶϾһֻһ㣬һȥˡ
ţдЦ
һۣʲôʱҹʿҲܺͽϸһһأ
ʹʱոչرյľţॣॵˡ
˭ϸ
ֻǣǺȵֻͲˡ
˺һӣûзӦȴЩԤУϾӻûлĿȥˣȴûϢ᲻ӳˣ
뵽ˣֱ¥£ٶȼĴ˾š
ڴ򿪷ŵһ̣ë硭ë硭ôˣ
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ҶȴʲôҲûò˵ĿǰĵУĭ֮ĲǺܴģ壬ȫûںϵڣֻ֮ǰʮ֮һĵС
ҽһҪ㡭Ҷ˵ţһ˳ȥ
ǣ˳׵ʱͻȻͣ˽Ųĵȷȷھ
ϸ˺ܶ࣬ںϸ硭ϸ硭ëˡ
һҶ벻ԶϹǴɤŵ꣬ͨҲһ
ǹͳ˹
Ҷϳһ¥ʱ򣬳׵ɵˣë´硭ô£
ҶţëµĵȻûߣǾȽϷḻ򲻹Ӧòɡ
ǣµë²ȫͺ͹һƤһ㣬ѪܵģѾˣ
ҶϼæóһëµĶͷ
ڷȥһ̣̾ꡭղʱ򣬿ë´ꣿ
ҡҡͷûУҳʱëѾˣ
ԣǶˣ겻ô塭Ҷ֮ô˵һʶԵ⣬֮ǲ֪˵ģҪôǹ˲֪Ҫôķ֮˳׵ˣܿԼ壬Ҫһ̵ġ
չҲһӶ㣬Բ壡ңˣҲΪţһźȣԣһж㣳
Ҷ˼ʱ·ƽûɫʣ·һƬˣ
ҶһĿ˸ĭë´ʬ̧䣬жˣ
ĭӦŵ͹˽ʬ˷䡣
ʹʱҶ䣬ͨ£ԶĴϣͺһڱܣ
Ҷϸ߶Ⱦ裬ĿһŴ·
ǣ·ϳ˺ڰǺڰòǲϢģӦǶȰ֮ʱܿʮڵĶ˰ɣµʲôҲ
Ҷ֪һιĶˣë±ɱͨĿʧ飬ڣܿ
ͷĭ͹һãȻ
Ҷһˣǳ֣Ͳˡ
뵽ˣҶеķȼ̼˿
ֵƬ̣Լؿڱʲôҧסˣһĵʹȫ
ͷȴɿһҶϱ۾ƾֱӴһѷ
ǵҶ£ͺһ³һɭĴƽǰзǧ֮⡣
Ҷϱŭ벻еʱô⣬ǻƽȮۡ
֮룬ȴٶ죬öͭǮͬʱ׳ȥͷͺʹһԪһġ
裡ҶϺһͭǮ֮˳ȥ
ۡұʲôˡȻʹʱȴ
ĭˣҶ϶浱Сܵһ㣬ֻץ󷨵С
ʹʱдһꡱһǿסа


254 ֵ飬˫
ȥɣĭһľ˳ȥ
ǣľڿУȴʧȥͨһӾԶˡ
Ҷϼæó˼׮Ҫ°輸󷨣ȴˡ
϶Զȥˡ
һʱҶϺ͹˼ͬʱˡ
ĭһˣҶ϶ϱҧһСӣԴԴϵѪ
ڿöͭǮϣѪΣǱǵĽṹ
ڿ˿֮ҶϺ͹۵۽ˡ
Ŷнأĭ˵ţʹӿڴȡɰͿĨ˿ڣϾǹ˵ģԴпܱ֣˵ͺ͹ҧһµÿȮһ
˿֮ĶˣֻǣڻһˣֵܣȴôҲò
ϸ硭ëĺԩһҪֻë£һɱ
ʳһҪǣڴ֮ǰҪȥ˾ëĻȥ˾Ǳа֮ˡҶ˵ţóʿ֤컹ûдֱ˾
Ѿһûȥ˾ˣڹŹʱֿعŹصĹˣλȥǳ͵Ĵ󺺣иһе⣬òҶ⡣
ϵʱһȥˡ
̡Ƿæһ죬ˡȥú˯һһλ󺺱ԹţһĹĵذ
һλǱ˰⿴Ŷֽ࣬أŮ˶
ɲأ˵ǰλֵعŹʱһλʿ룬һ̵ģѹμµĶҪ࡭󺺱ԹţȴƳһҶϣףǱôиСƨ˰ɣÿÿĶ
ë˾ѾŹˣʲôһλȵҶϡ
ףûʼҶϵĴҲˡ
ҶϾ˲ԶղŵĻһ˾Ĺǻҩͺôˡ
뵽ˣҶЦǰʼʩֻֽ
СʲôҪܿڣֻҪǸܰϵģһܰһλ󺺽ӹֽң˵жˡ
Ҳûʲô£Ҫȥ˾£λи㣡Ҷϻص
⡭ʿһλʵ
ǣŵʿ֤ҶһԼ֤顣
˿֤飬ȵʵҶҶʿ
ҶüԼ˾쵱ĴˣҲˣνз磬뵽ˣҶϼæԼԼúõظôĶ
λ֪°Ǿͺ˵ˣҪȥ޴鷳Ƿһ£ҶϿ˵
޴󺺾˺һӣźɵҶϣܾû˾˰ɣ
ҶϾòԾѵ˾ַʲôˣǻصȷܾˣ˾Īµı仯
仯ɴˣ˵Ĵ޴ƹܹҺŵĴ޴һλƿ˹ţҶ˽ȥҲŽˡ
Ҷϻص
ڿǴˣ֪Ǵ޸ĶӰɣһߣһ˵
޸Ķӣ˵Ǵ޸ĶӣҶϾȵ
еĴ޸ҶȻ֪ˣʮ֮£ϯй٣ƽĵһˣһֻһˣԣȥԩô࣬ܲһһĶаɣ
һ޸ʵй٣ִžԵȨֻһСִ⣬Żɵһ
Ȼְͬ˻ظţͷ棬ڰ޳ŵȣֻȨѡ
ڲССĴˣ˵ڶˣ󺺻ص
ҶһϢȷ˰벻ǵȺɫǮۿļһҲޣǱˣ
Ҷϼ֮̽飬ϺԤһ£ռȻ˿صı
ֻ𲷺ռ˵ʱҶɫ죬Ŀаɱ֮ԾӤħܹĹ߳˹ˣϵĲ裬ٵռ֮תһ֣󻹲˺Ϲ֣֮Ӥħˡ
ȵȣҶͻȻռ;ӤħϵһνΪΪʳʲô棬ȥʼʡ
ʼΪ˽ɽˣֻռʲôô
޷ãһȨòƣɫôռҪõĶʲô
ȨǮŮɫʵֿܷҶ֮ԷֿˣǰҪһ˵
غȨڽǮŮ˾ССĹԱͶܵõһЩֻȨ˾ְģΪһȨѹͲȻܽ
뵽ˣҶͻȻ뵽һοǰ˵Ļ룬ָǲռ
ȨȨҶҧҧ촽һӣָȥκŵ·ߡ
ȥһκȷǰѾͶ̥ˣṩֻ˲һöȻ뿪ˡ
ڳκŵ·ϣҶ껴һ绰ӴϢ˵ҶϾ֪ʲôˣޣôæ
ֻ˵æŮǺǡɶ˵ˣѾһˣûӰӣΪ˭ۻأСûػص
ҶϿЦȻ껹עĿģֻƫƫˣҸҪ
̨Ǻùԭһֱ˼ֵܣֵܸжһѱ飬һᡭֵ˵ҩһúл㣡Ҷϻص
ֵⲻǼˣ˼㲻̰ͼǵ㵤ҩģǵҩǺãֵܺȲǣ껻ص
Ҷ΢΢һЦ껹Ȼϵˣ˳ŸֵǱֵܻףǧֵ鰡
ԣֵܱͬ񣬴ʱ˫˫ɡӭϵ
˫˫ɡҶϲˣԷɡأ
˼˵ôҵĺֵܣǲĺֵܣ
ǰĺֵܾǡԣ˵ʲôͻȻסˣ
˵̫ˣҵһλֵܻ׵̨ˣǲҪȥҶϻص
аһеѵй¶ҪĹ绹أֱӾܾˡ
˵ֵأҿɣ˵ңһֱǿеĵҩ԰ɣҶϼײסԷʹһּ
⡭Уⲻ˸ô껳ˡ
һû˵꣬һˣǼС˰Ҷϻص
ã˵껱һӵĻص
ֻ㿴ѵڿû˾Ҳй¶ôҶ
ѵ𣿡껷ʵ
ٶѣڣʮꡭҶϻص
ʮ꣬һٵ࣬ǾٵһٵģûЧʮٵֵܵϣҾͰˣǱˣʮٵҶ껻ص


255 
ҶǿЦãҪ˵λΰĴ껴ˣĸо޷жһȻٲ̰ƣ̰ɫȻǿڳݲһҪ˵ͭᰣʹһߵͣʤһǴ껣һλϿɱ˾¿ƭ֮ˡ
뵽ᰣҶϾЦˣӡУôͺ컬࣬ƶ˵ĺͫ|ôһأ
ҶϷԼˣæջ˼룬ȥڰݷô껣Ǿôһ绰Ͳȥˡ
ΪҶϲʶ̧٣Ǽһѹûб䣬˵ڶޣȻôɫࡣԣҶϺ֪Ȥȥֻô껷С
ȴ껵ϢҪһʱ䣬ôһȥʲôȥռϲļһڸʲô
뵽ˣҶϾЦˣ϶ȻҪɱģȴڣΪĿǰʵԲ϶Ķ֣ߣɱ٣Ҫ˾ģ㲻þǨŭʮޡ
ɱϼһ֮ǰҶҪҵһ˾ܹİ֣ܹ֤ǣ˾ʶ̫ˣϵеľֻдһˣǣϼһǴ껵ʦҪɱ˼ҵʦǨŭ껾Ͳˣ
ԣ²ܼԴͷ϶죡
һӺҶĵǱ뿤ظۡǽ룬ڴԺǻ˺ܾãҵ˻Ǳ˿ص鷿
˾еƣǱŷ⽨һףҴȥ鷿ûбĹ
ȻҶ鷿˿شˣʱռڲ鿴һЩ鼮ҶˣѵԼжϴˣ⿤ش˻Ƿʳ֮
룬Ҷһ䣬ĵشǽˡ
鷿ҶϲԾĻһս鷿ɭ˼㣬ңͨĸоΣķ
ѵʲô⣿Ҷţ߽ء
ʹʱйٽҶ϶֮
߲ûţͿغӣֱŶ롣
Ҷ϶һһλƯŮϸܴܵԹڣӦһֻԩꡣ
ԩ֮ĵعţأ㽻ҵ飬Ѿ׵
ػ̧ͷЦܺã¾ܺ˵Ǵ껣껽ȣʲôԾĵطֱ֮
ţ֪ŮĻص
Ǻðɣ㾡뿪ⱻ껷ˡػص
أղűСһӣйĶˣܲܡŮ̽Ե˵
вһȥӣ˵ţƮһµĺӡ
Ůæӹӣллشˣлشˡ
ȥɣȥɣһ͵ơ
ˣҶϳˣҪСģŮ뿪֮ǰ
Ǽһﻹţؾȵ
껶ΪˣǽֳˡŮСص
ܳĸ˵ˣҶ۶ֻ
ʹʱǣҶϵĵ绰ͻȻˡ
һһһͻȻˡ
绰Ů
ǣûд绰Ů˵ţҶڵλá
ã˴ˣɱصĶԱߡ
Ҷϲˣôģٲ绰粻绰ƫƫڹ硣룬϶ȴĿ죬绰Ҷˡ
ϹѾɱȻеһѼëӣƮҶϡ
ҶϼæǽڸҪǽ
ʹʱ⴫һλŮĴɤţ˭绰𣿡
ϼһＱæջӣſڣߣӺųȥˣ
үãԵȡ˵ţ㴫ཱུ
Ůͺ͵һ㣬ĵشӺˡ
ҶϱŮߵģ˭֪űһرˡ뵽˴ǽӣǾķ֣ǽھȻʩˣȥ
Ϊ˲ݾߣҶֻܼشţʱһλֵŮ˽ˣϹй̸£
˭ôļӣȻˡ
Ǵ껰ɣŮ˻ص
Ǵ껣ϹһĨĹâԥ˺һӲŽӹ˵绰
ιǴ𣿡ӵ绰ʱǼһº͵Ķˡ
ҶϻˡţţɶûвٵеĻȥҪ
û㣬ǺðɣԼȥ˵ţϹ˵绰
ڹҶϵ绰һ̣ϹͻȻðɱ˰ΣҪȥһ¡˵ţϹﴩϺۣʹҴҵˡ
ŮУǰɨһϹոտ鱾ۣϻûأ¡
˵ţŮӾͽ鱾ת뿪ˡ
ϻҶߴ
˺ϻ֪ǲ˫޵֣ǣղųֵǸƯŮ᲻Ϲ˫޹£ǸŮ˹治򵥣ԺһҪŵ㣡
ţҶпʼѰҳڣǲСײ˴ûţͿ֨һˡ
ŮӸߵſڣͻȻͷˣصѵʿүķˣ
˵ţŮͻȻ죬ֻһ׳˸͵Ĺâһ˭
һ̣ҶʶԼٴˣŮĻأ˼ܣһٻ䡣
뵽ˣҶ϶˵ʹӴһҲٹ˼ŮܲܿȾܡ
Ů˻ǲ򵥣ȻҶϵΣ׷ˣվסǺˣ
ҶŮ˵ĺ֪ԼѾع⣬һ£͹죬ӱӰǿݵģǽȥˡ
ŮйԼ׷Ҷ϶ݳ˿ظۡŮ˵ٶȳĿ죬һգ۵Ĺ򣬾ͳҶϵǰסҶϵȥ·˭
Ҷһ£֪ԼòعˣŮ˺ʶתһˡ
Ůһӣ
̶ƺжٽҵ壬ƮƮķˣһʮףͺһ㡣
ҶϸܵŮ˵ٶȣоּˣ벻ռǲԻŮӦǹڤˣԼûܣܺһߵͣǣڵھԵƣǺã
ţԼͳ嵽˹ϣȻ˾ҲкҹͰ֣֮ھڰ磬û⣬ĴȴڰããʣԵ
˾İ죬൱˼ϣܶϢˣֻĳЩҹ껹ӪҵС
һҶͲײʶĹˣһ·ɱ뿪˾ǹѾرգҪȥǵطȥĵطֻһ·
ܿ죬Ҷϱ㱼˹֣һããСɽˡ
ûܳķŮֳҶϵǰˣҶϣ˵ΪʲôǱ뿤ظ
ҶȫһŮôֵ֪ģѵ֮ǰ
˾ߣֻˣһéɽᣬһ˾㣬ѵ㻹װɵŮ˼ҶϻϣǺ
⻰һڣҶϾͱԼһѣô򵥵ĵΪʲôû뵽أֻǣȻŮѾϳˣ;


256 ̬Ů
뵽ˣҶһˣͬʱöͭǮ
öͭǮ֮󣬷öŮˡŮѾҶϵʮ֮ڣͻȻöͭǮŵһģȥˣҲöͭǮŮ˵塣
ŮͻȻһһ׳ʱѸ쳤һ˲סҶϵ塣
Ҷϵһĵʹ̽ոںϲõЩڳȥ
Ҷϴ󺧣ŮǷһ
һٶȳĿ죬һӱֻҶ޿̵ıǶ˵һ壬ͺĳߣ߿
ҶϼˣԼ첲ۿɼٶȣһĹĵسƤζ
һһ궤Ƥ̶ʱһѾ壬ظֱ࣡
̵ģҶϳһ߸궤ͬʱظ಻Զ
ʱŮվʣµѸ쳤ٴֱҶϡ
ҶϾ̾ԼĵУ֮ǰֱתߡ
ŮѾҶϼŭˣһֱֻ̼쳤һңҶϴ첲סֱ󱳣
ҶǿŸ첲צӴʹһ̽ʱ򣬽˸һٶལ
һٶལƬһƣͺ͵տĳʦƹһ㣬Ƭء
ҶۼѾ쳤ˣͷֻ첲ʹˣЧУֻ첲ˡ
ֻǣŮҲ̫ˣ첲ϵֱֻۣؾš
ҶҲ˲ôˣŮʧȥûֱ۵ʱϲߡ
ǺһֱŮˡ
Ůһֻ̬ĹͻȻֻ͵۾ۿ˳ͺöӵһ㣬Ҷϡ
Ҷ¼ˣôҲ벻Ůôһ֣۾ܵʹãаˣ÷Ǵ򲻹ˡ
뵽ˣҶϼǰŷڱϣöӵһ˲䣬һǰֻôڽϡ
͡
ֻӱŷսˣͺ̿һ㣬ʱڵء
ò˵ʿʹ÷ǿɲġŮҺһˤڵأ۾۽
ҶϼʱѾˣǳǰȥһֱŮ
ʹʱʤȯյͻʣŮȻǹٽһ˲䣬ֻϱۺץ첲ϵ˫ֽһ𣬽ҶץŮԣ
ŮͻȻվҶϡ
Ҷ̧ͷһŮʱһ亹Ůӣֲһֻ
ֻͦţϺһۣɷɷ׵ģֻ۾ֻۿӣһΣһεѪѪգѩ׵ݣγμѪӡ
Ҷϲǣܿͱץ˻һλӶȴԼֱֻѾ˹ͺ̱һ㣬ƶеı̼ء
ҶϼˣͻȻֻͬʱŮӵظŮӵһ̣ȴͻȻһ
ٿԭŮֻ̽Ľġ
鼱֮£ҶϼæջȽţǣһ֣Լ˹ˣʧȥ֪ͺӲԼġ
Ҷ϶˰С
ŮͻȻЦˣ죬ҪõĲƷˡ
ЦţҶ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ͸ܣԼѪҺֻŮ
٣ѵˣҶߴһһ̣Ҷ϶Ȼ䣬ֻǵǰԼĴǳΣգ֫ܶţ嶼ܶˣľˡ
Ҷϱ۾Լͷ侲ͻȻ۾֮еͨת̾澭ֱġ
ҶϴһͨѪҺһŮС
ŮڣڵʿѪһһͨʱͻȻ˳ȥʮ֮⡣
һҺͨŮпʼת
ðɣһһǴƽˣҶ˹Ůȴʿ
ͨԹԣǶ㹻ɢ
ŮأͻȻһţеһֻֽ׶˳ȥ
ֽһ̼ʧˡ
Ҷ±ף벻ŮȻһһֻȵֽףζźܿͻй֪߳ˣȻ׷ɱ
뵽ˣҶľ壬ѾĶڵϣʼͨƹǣⷨҪʱɵģܷӹһ٣Ϳˡ
Ǿʹ˱۴ʼ塣
ŮһЩ֮ܲסͨɣ͵شˡ
ҶͨѾӦŮ˺ԼһҲڵˣͺͱһλֻһλ뿪ǵһƶ֮ˡ
׿еҲȥŮתͨٱѾĿϵĶ
ֹѾĿϵʱ򣬾һ亹ٳһӣģ㲻Ҳûʲô
Ǳߣʧȥԣһֻϵİ˰ȫȫѪħͷ
üʱΣͨһ磬һı˹ָǣѾĿϵĹҪˣ̸ס
ŮԣжȽߵбȽ׵Ķˡ
һŮվӣѹЦűҶϣˣ
Ůٶ죬һӾ͵ҶϵǰһδҶϡ
ǣӴҶһ̣ͻȻԥˣղѪҶϵѵ᱿Ѫ
ԥһ˲䣬ҶͻȻˣһŷŮĶͷ
̶һվһ֮⡣
ҶϴڣڵĺűյشŮ̾ա
ŮԥһӣڵϵľԲŮ
ʹʱҶͨͨͨһִδйΣжʱˡ
⡭ȱˣҶϴһæǰ𱦽ַ嵽ŮߣŮͺвһ㣬һҿ
һӾʮŮƬ
һҪӶݵʱЩƬȴ¿ʼںˡ
Ҷɨһ۶ɽĳ˼ֻʮа˾ŶǹޣеٶȾ֪ˡ
ȥɣҶһŽںϵ壬һڻ
ȻͨתĻ𣬲ڹϣðһɣһɵ棬ʱζ
ҶϻˣƬݶյˡ
ǣһ޷˷˺ܶʱ䣬׷ɱЩѾ׵ķΧڣǱߣ˷ˣȻ֮ء
ҶɨһۣмʮֻĹޣѾʮ׵ķΧˣǶ˵תߣ


257 ׷޵
ҶϾҪӶݣȴüӵϼǱϻװָռ䣬һ̱ˡ
׷ɱ֮սʱֻһսĵ棬һ˲׷ЩŻˣô׷ˣȴɱֵóˣÿ֪һĺܲҡ
뵽ˣͷͷָָҶ϶ߵķ򣺡׷׷ĺǣҲҪɱ
ڹӦŵҶʧķ׷ȥˡ
Ҷһ·ɱ״̬ѣЩܿ׷ˣʩչٶȱҪö࣬Ǻйϵģʿ䣬ʱĵͨҪö࣬ʶٶҪһЩ
һ󷽵׷ڰСʱ֮󣬾ͿҪ׷ҶˣҶϽİ׵ľ롣
ܲǸ취еʱֲʩչ룬ͻȻͣ˽Ų
ţҶ̤󷨲ԭתȦЩ׷֮ʱͻȻʧӰ١
Ϊ׵Ĺŭһ̵ģȻӵŹȥˣֵǣȥŹأ
ڹӦŵһ͵̤֮䣬ʧټ
ҶϳڹŹأȻǹŽգλŵĹҲȥϢˣŹؿյأӰӶûС
ҶϺԥֿʼ̤Щֵһ̣ͻȻʧӰ١
һδûҶϵ̤ʶ֪ҶϵȥˡͷļһĿʮ˵·ڣȥĵط޷ԣΪ飬һȥʮ޵ڶȥκš
ͷԴǺʹȻôһҪȫѲ֡
Щͷİţһȥʮ޵ڶȥκšһ˲ʧˡ
Ҷϳ޵֮ǰһȷЩûпԼ̤ʶҲ֪Լȥˡ
ɿĻᣬͨͨͨĸˣҶ֪Σѵ֪ȥʮ޵˵һα˳ȥ
Ҷõʿ֤ʿһˣ˳ĹȥȻǵ޵ʹ÷ǹأֻԱܵķʽֱڶ
˵ڶҶϿһλˣͻȻЦˣʶһνʮ޵˴ȥġ
Сӣˣʲô£ڵڶЩλģһλŹ٣ļǵãҶϿǰĹȻүѾɢǣ˵ţڵظֵܵġߣ˺εĴ껣ͬʱڶ˺ֵƣȻҪˣԣ˵ʱǳĿ
Ҫޣͨһ£Ҷ˵
ޣõģԵȣŹӦ
˵ţǹԱ߽˴ţȥ˻㱨ˡ
ʹʱҶ٣ԵĸоΣѾˣתһмֻ¹ڵһ˵
ҶϼˣЩ֪ɱ˿صķˣһὫ֮ͨٵķӰɣһʱʮˡ
뵽ˣҶҲܵˣͲͨ˵绰껣ſڣй׷ɱ
ʿ֤ɣզô껻ص
Ҷõʿ֤ȥκεطȻͳڤԴ
Ҷϳһóʿ֤Ͷŵλ˵ʿ֤ڴˣм£Ƚȥˣ
˵ţҶҲЩʲôӦͱ˴Ժ֮С
ʿ֤ЩȻ֪أҶϵĳ嶯һҶϵıӰû˵ʲô
һ֮󣬺׷ˣղǲиСӾ
һһ㷴ӦûУΪ׵һλͻȻʶʮ޵ſڣһǶǲ𡣾ͼæò˵ǵزռ£ռصķ˱һλСɱˣǲǾˣ
һλصûСǻȥҰɣ
ղŵһ޹˵ˣ磬ʹ˲С˹ҪΪҵСˡæ顣
Сûʿһλڶ޸ۡˡ˵ʱƳ˺һۡ

ҶϽԺѾһ޵ˣֱ޸ۡһǰʱȴһֻŮڶ֮ϣĿ˸ҶϣôСˣѵѾһˣ
Ҷһ˼ıܣȻû⵽̵ܿŮһĳڵڶ޸ۡ껡ˡ
֮󣬾ͻȻסˣĿɨʮλƺˣĿĶҶϡ
Ҷ֪ԼçײˣæĿڣ޴ˣ޴ޣˣ
ʲôѵ֪ҹ·ǳæ𣬼ȻˣԼλԺɢȥҵĿˣһӸۡд˳ȴǿУҶ϶ȫһ
ЩΧĺ۹ʧӰ٣һӰӶû£ҶһŶˡ
˸ۡõĵطҶһڵŹ٣ŹһΣҶ磬ĿͶݡ
ҶƳһŹ٣֪ôˣЦЦֱˡ
һãʮֻŮЩŮеҪģ
ȵȣҶϴпһλŮǣǵŮǣҶˣŮѵˣڵö˶ĵӰǰûƬأ
ȻҶͻȻʶԼַɵˣ»ô࣬ѵûгģңǹޣܹûԼݣԼλŮǵģԣһжΪ档
ȵȵȣŮޣ껽ƳһҶϣͿʼˡ
Ů̷˺ѷε
ŮҶȫðľȻ͵ŮɳƵôƣЧAVϺöˡ
ΪAVһ˵ǸŮǣ䲻һ౻ϲľɳƵĽˣ˾ǽɤţ˳
ʱ֪жٵĻжλŮǴǹ֪жٻĵһΣ͸ƵϵŮˡ
Ů˵ɳɤţǸ˴ĳһСʱҡ
ڼ䣬δŹٵĻ㱨һвռµĹڶһռµĹξˡ
ǵξͱˣŹٻ㱨ռ
Ҷռ֣ͻˣ벻ϢѾ˲ռĶУѡѵĿǲռͽܴ껰ɱ˵ŮǴ껵ʦﰡǴ֪£᲻ᷭˣ
Ҷϵǵʱ򣬴껾ŮƨһƣŮǣǲһ㣡
̶Ĵһˡ
ǵĽڻҶϾȵɨһŮǣĳЩλȫĸƣѵŮڻˣ
뵽ˣҶϼæջê˼룬´ͷˣЩûõĶɷҲ


258 
Ưɣ԰ɡ˭֪ʱ򣬴껻̸⡣
Ҷһ룬ëڵĶˣҲû֮ǰô侲ˣ״̬Ѱ
ʶ⣬Ҷϸһ룬ǧ˭״ǲռʥ޵˵㣬ʵʮ˲
뵽ˣҶͻȻЦˣѵǵһŮǣ
ԭҲעЩǺǡͬˣǣ˼ʦŮǣ˵ţŲæĴ·ˡ
ҶϺһˣ˻ģ
ƨĺúõأ껻ص
ҶԻˣ⾿ô£
ʿģѵô껷ʵ
ֻеһꣿҶͻȻˡ
ûһꡭĵӰԻ£ʮ˲壬㼸죬ȸˣ껻ص
԰ȫİҶԻˡ
ʹ裬ںôһֻ껿ʼʵ
ԭ椱ڻĵظϽǣȴĵӰ˻ģľȨǣ֮ĽɣҲҴֻܿһֻǣڵظ
һԻټϺСͲɱ̣ǳԵסˣͺķҩһֻĹֻǳĨȥʶ̶ںϣһֻȫĹ
ô֪ȫжҪˣҶƳһ۴껣ˣôĽǣǵˣȱˣл췦ҲȲ忪ʼǲħŻȥ
ңӿֲıǣֻǣΪںϲ˵ֻǣͻλ꣬һֻóĹ»Ұϲã²˵
ǺǡԻӰ񽡿ʱôûôһ죬ֳͷ·˵СӸʾ㲻Ǵͷôųϵȷ뵽̫ˣɹȥ׽һֻǻ̶ʮ˲ܾ尾ֻǣõĵòǣֻڲħȥͷˣҼţأһµĳͷƶȣǲǹƽˣһȥ˵ˡ
ҶϾּˣ벻ԼΪһ֮˽˺ˣĳͷƶȣԱܷҪõö࣬Щڲħһ죬һȥһӦ
ֹأߣͻὫ궤ڵϣû֮ͻ᳹׵ıڣͺһ齹̿죬ûͻȫ࣬ϳְɫʬ桭˵ǽζҶĿɿڴ
Ի᲻̷ִҶʵ
ᣬȸһʱ䣬ȥ塭椹עĺܣǲҲƷһ°ȥɣƷһ£ھǸûᣡ껻ص
ãŮˣӶģҶ뵽ҪŮ£Ʊҹҵ椸˶ġ
ĸƨˣûĹҲصɶ˼Ҹʲô껻ص
ҶǿЦð˵ĵҲ޵ǣôʳ˴һۡѾùٸٿһȷģү
ðɣðɣڰ껻ص
ڸƨ˲źأҶϻص
סûôϻͯˣѵҲϻͯˣǲֻСĴָСˣֲװģ껱һҶϡ
Ҳģõö࣬𣿡ҶϷ
úúã˵㣬˵ޣΪ粻֮࣬벻Ĵ粻ð껻ص
ҶͻȻЦˣȻͬԴ껵ĿˣпЦͬʱȴתƵˣ˵ģֵܽѣǲ
ǵӦʦɣ껻ص
Ҷ޻˵ˣǵĵȷǴ껵ʦֻܿЦ㲻˵ֵ飬˫˫ôʦҪɱңԹˣ
˭˫˫ɣ˵ô£ʵ
Ҷ룬ʵ˵ˣɱʦĸ
ҪӴ治ǲǣ顢ɱԼʦĸ껱
ɱӵƷζûôͣҶϻһ仰
ȴͻȻЦˣŮҲǺ°١˵£
Ҷ껻δȴ˵ˣͻȻ˴Ϊνкã⼸ûٱŮƵɣ
ȥĵҪ˵ƵӵǿҪҲƵ껺
ðɣæǲȻӾͲʦͨ飬еɱǸӰҵŮ׷ɱӰˣҶͻȻЦˡ
˭֪ЦˣҶȦˣðӱ㣬ǣһȻвӣ˺Ƥ˵ˣȻ㲻ʣݹӲ壬ʹ򿪴ţʦŽʰ㣡
£òͷҶˣ˵ðɣǿˣǹջӰ˰ɣ˵ɣҪʲôô
ǺǺǡ֪ߣҶҲͻȻЦˣ˵䲻ǺܳϿңôأ
ʮҶͻȻ˵
λ㲻ԼԼôѵ;ֵֻʮҩ껻ص
Ǿһ˰ɣҶϼ껵Ŀ࣬ȷҲȥֻܸ˸߼ۡ
һٵҿһ˰ɣѾǷʮˣ껻ص
Ȼ㲻ԸңҾͳȥƴһǣٲһˣҶ˵ţҪȥ
һ룬Ҷˣ˵׬һҩ֮ǰʮٵҲˣȵȣȵȣֵܵϣͰڻһܲܳɹͿ컯ˣ
컯ƨȨЩУҶƳһ۴껡
ʹʱͻȻޣһˣڲߣ
Ҷü꣡Ҷһͱˣһơ
ôˣһСţǳˣ껻ص
СţСǲǺʦʶҶϷʵ
ʦܸҵģ϶ʶˣأ껻ص
ˣʦϻˣǾˣҶϱһѴ껡
⻰һڣ껳澡٣ŭҶϣҶ˵ţ㻹Ҫ裬ǲǹΪа
ˣ֮ɱʦĸǱ˿ظʦĸˡҲǴջ벻žȻͲռ˫ޣֵ㲻ֵҶ̾Ϣ
Ե棿ͻȻʵ
Ŀãңڸʲôı˵ڶĹλأҶϻص̶ԼķŴ󻯣˴껡


259 ɱ
꣬üĿʵ㻹˭˵
Ҷϱ˵ûиκ˵ģ룬»ǲʵ˵ȥȻǷˣɱڣҲκβǣ䣬޵ĵ̣ǿѹͷߵĵǶãЦЦĿǰ֪˲࣡
˱ã㲻Ҫ˵ȥϣͰĵŰɣ˵ţ߳ȥˡ
ŵһ̣Ž⴫껵˵ˣɣʦ£ȥ
ţôôһŮ˵ŵĴ
һأôôŻŮа껵ģˡ

Ҷһ˴ڷУб˵жˣ룬Ȼ˵˵ƯҪȺ´껻ᴦǣ⻰ô
ţ
Ҷ뵽ˣʩչĵ䣬̶ŴԺǱгȥո߳ãԺͿռһȺˡ
ޣˣӴ˺ܶడռȻǴ껵ʦǣǷ⽨ƵƣǧٸԹԣҲô˵˵
ʦĻûʦ̵нĴ껡ʦʲô£ܿڣ껻ص
ޣҲ˲˵ˣʦˣ˵׷㸮ˣ̿ͽĸۡûпʲôİ˽ռˣһɱ˵Ҳ˹ˡ
ûаʦǲˣһֱڸۡûмʲô˽껻ص
ʦľһ²ˣղŽǲǴ޸ϵˣϼһﷴʵ
ղ˽Ź١Ź٣ҳ껴
ʱλŹٴҴҴȺ߳۶λղô
ش޵Ļûп˽븮ۡŹٻص
ʦĪǻҵɱʦɫһ˲
ϼһ￴껶ˣһŭݣȴ¶һ˿ǣǿЦ⣺ޣˣҾĳЩĻ֮ˣ䣬ʦͽĿɳ𡭡
˭ң˭ҶĻϲ⣬ӵһɱŭ
ϼһüͻȻ˵ޣҽ㻹ǺúŲһ£ۡˣʦͽԼˣ鷳飬ͽҰŲɣ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬벻ԼʦͻȻðôһ仰˾ǲǣܾˣ㣬䲻䣬⽨˼ٹ̣һΪʦΪ˭ҲðүĳΥˣүҲͷˡ
ðɣʦվ￴ţ£Ҳûˣҷʦأ껻ص
˵꣬껱һָһ˲䣬ԺгһٵľԺ
ˣһǱԺҿȥĴѰңһֻӬҲܷŹ
ȵȣޣҵ¿һλʮһСӣԣŲʱСͷһ£ռ˵
ûУһֻСͷȥң껺
ʹʱԶǽǣͻȻһ£ٿʱȴһʮһСӣ׸ߵΧǽϴȥ˻أص˻
һҺСӵ˵ϡ
ռӦ˵䣬һ֮£ͽϵСӴԴϾ˵ǲɱҵķˣ
СĿһ۴껣̶صûɱģ
⻰ʱˣС˭ΪʲôԼܳأѵˣ
Ϊʲôɱ˷ˣռ˼һܣºΣֱۣûдȥ׷ԭˡ
ǲģҪɱҪΣϤ㣬ȻѾסˣӾû뿪СĿһ˿µӡ
ͻȻŭһһâţСӾǲһ㣬̼ˡ
νġԪסˣҲͲ֮ˡ
ʦѾʦﱨˣ˼ҾͲҪŭˣݺȱɣŲռʵЦ˵
ˣһȥҪʬأռ˵ţһ¾뿪ˡ
Ȳռʧſ֮󣬴껵λ绨˵ˣ๫ΪʲôҪɱǸúúô޸ۡģ
ôģ·ߣŴɱӵʦӣɱ󣡡⻰˵Ȼ˿ˣòԷ飬λţҲˡ
ˣȻʦˣҹȥɣܲܲŲʰɣŮ˵
ţȥɣҶչʦ¶˼ҵĴᰡ˵ţ̾һ
Ů֮󣬾ʹҴҵ뿪ˡ
ֱŮʧӰ٣ŶԱߵŹ˵Ҷʿ飬ܺκţ
ŹٷǳĴʵ㶣Ҳ˵ȥģղػʱûп˽զ֮£˵ûİ˽ĶǸۡˣʶų˸֮ۡд̿͵Ŀܣǣ⻰ϸãһЩ顣
ʱҶͻȻڴ껵ǰղ˭
һҶһۣԺǰʹ˵꣬Ҳǽгʣ
ѾɢˣôУҶε˵
һȥ˵Уڿָָ㣬һһλСڹ˴껵ǰ
л޲ɱ֮С˵ţͿͷˡ
ԭʹֻ޲ŻĶžСӵĹ˿ˣûʧۿĻɢʵһ۷
ֳԭΣǺˣΪʲôĿ˵
ǣ޴ˣ仰ڵʱҶϳ׵ľˣȻһλŮ˵벻ͨĿһαƭˡ
ʵҲߴأĵȻҲûһλŮ˱ãŮ˵ҲЩͣ
ڶεУСִͷ˺һѷ죬̶ϰһƤ
㣡ҶϺʹ껣ͬʱȵ
ҶϱһұӦõģŮ΢΢ǷǷˡ
һ£ͻȻӿҶϵͷŮ˾Ǵ̥λʹ飬껹Żڵڶ޵̣벻ڹؼʱ̣Ů˻һ
Ҷһʱд϶࣬û˵ʲôͶ껡
εƲƲ죬̶˵˹ѾĻڹΪˣŮкҲһʹ
˵ţ껴ȡһţָдһԵɣ̶ŮǣĸȥͶ̥ɣ
Ͷ̥֣Ůؿһѱ飬һ᣺ҡһúˣҲ̥֮ˡллллǣǺˣţҲҪǣ
ϲ㣬лл㣡Ҷһ
߰ɣȥ˵֪λʿкܶɵ㣡˵ţͻȥˡ
Ҷ򼤶Ůһۣ͸Ŵ껽ˡ


260 ԩ
仰ҶϽղŵĲ춼ԺеĿģΪëµ£;зô⣬ЩڴˣɢԼսʤռķˣȫ⣬Լָֻͨʮ֮ңŮ˴ҧʱԥˣĻᣬȻһ
ҶţͳںáҶϽȥһ̣ͿЦ벻һŮ˵ƨء
ҶĺǷˣ;ˣ̸̸ܲ£
УУȥɣ˵ʱ۾شŮӵɨһۣô󰡡еˣ
ҶˣԹԵĶһŰϵȺ򣬹һӣڻصˣǸëµ˺ϵ
ҶһһֲԤжʱӿͷصȻҲѰ
ҵ˼һϵͲҪˣһۻ֣һ˾ۻ꣬˾мأڶʿۻ꣬˾ȷǣëµˣħۻ꣬ȥĺúõأ껻ص
ħ飿Ҷһ亹ȷħ飿
ΪһʿҶȻ֪Ϊħ飬νħ飬ǹǡײʱ˺͵Ļ̶ħĹ꣬٣Ҳδܽ
뵽ˣҶһ̶˵˼˵ëµĻǱħˣ
˾Ųʮ껿϶Ļص
ôħƽ֮Ҷϼʵ
ҪԸħ飬ҪҵԴħ龿ʲôԭΪħ飬취٣кüħ飬ǲ֪ͣ껻ص
ҶϵõЩ𰸣ȴɻһ²ʵ껴ˣëµʬ屼ȣϸûлǣħʲôϵô
ҾͲˣһԣûлǵʱѾˣôܵأ껻ص
Ҷֺʹһ̸˺ܶ⣬ֱϵʱҶ뿪ˡ
ڹУ˰ҪֵÿֵˣҪ顣
ҶϲҪ룬Щһǲռ£ȻֶĺܸǣռʲôˣȫŲŹأ
ԣҶϲҶයĵһ֣̤󷨲ȥ˹Źء
һŹأҶϵͨͨͨвãæΣϸۿĹŹء
һȻ⣬Źزʱйζʮλɣ
Ҷ۾ˣռȻ⣬ֻǲҺʹ껷ˡ
ǣڸôȥأ
ȷһͷ۵⣬һҶͻȻЦˣﲻǻȥĵ·ô
ȻƹܵͶ̥ǣͶ̥ҲҪ䵽䣬ֻܲͨлˣͲһˣ
뵽һҶϵԸ񣬶˵ֱκţҶϳʯԣλʱλЦǺǵӭҶʿֻˣǲţղŵ֪ûȥڱԹأȥɣ
Ҷһˣ˵Ÿͷڵأһξ˳ͼ䣬˵ϸһˣɶ¶˵ˣ
ҶϺλкȥˡ
κͷһ룬һ·Ͷ̥
Ŵˣ˵ңҶЦǰ
һҶˣеĻһλˣСӣ޸һͷǲǹƽˣ
ŴǺùͶ̥£֮ĳͷֶΣѾ˵ˣȷܸҶһ𣬲Ҳﻰ
һʱЦˣѾˣǺǡС»ͦĵģֻż£
ҶϼæصŴ˵ĻҵȵȻҪʮӲǣ
סҶϣʲôʱúʹСһˣǲɶңͻȻüʵ
ǷУ¶ѣҶϻص
Ż˼ǧˣ˵滰úһ³ͷֶεףҵǻῼһ¹Сӳ֮£Żص
Ҷ⻰ͳ׵סˣ벻ϢôͨȻ֪ˣεЦЦбףͷԣĳǺõģңͷҲλ˴͸ǰܵӦıӦǣһ㲻ò˵䣬Զǻ֪ͷȻǺãǣͷĲס
ʵҶҲںˣͷʽȷܺãǵ˲֪ԼΪʲôħʱܻзʡһʱЩ㲻˵ʮа˾Ŷ뵽
һȴЦˣǹͷ̰Ѿ֤Щħߣһ㶼ǹֲµĿƼҲ鲻⣬ͱǷʡͲˣ
ҶЦˣ̶صͷֶΰɣҲҲ⣬Ҫ˵һҾͲòˣ
ЦŻصСӶ˵ˣͷƶȵȻˣҲΣΪʱ
ǰǡŴˣһλѳˣҵĸϻȥܲܰ뿪䰡ҶεЦ
ٰŵҶһۡ
ҶͻȻŵ֮⣬ֲŶأԭʹһǣϵĵҩأǻصŴˣΪҵ٣Ըˣһöٵ࣬ˣٰ׬٣
żٵоâһСӣ㸸ҰŵļͥˣҲһǣң
ҶϳϿҵĵ˵ͷеĵҩ˫ַϣŴˣҵĶ飬Ҵһöҩǲ£ǶԽгɼ
ƳһҶϣ̶صҰ£ҲΪңΪ˾˲๦ͣǿеĵҩⵤҩҲգ
ŴˣˣǴȫµ˸м㣬գȫµʧˣҶϻص
ôһ˵ŲЦл²һƬ죬ؿɼ
ҶϺֺһӣŶ˵ţҸˣԺлģ
Ȼм£ȥɣ㵽ڹŻص
Ҷһ͸ˣ˵͵شǱƳ
ƣԼȥɣ˵ţ͸һ
ҶϹõǶȥ
ָָκžͷ̶˵Լȥɣǧߴ·ڻȥ·ϼκˣҪͷ
Ҷϵ˵ͷԼҲȥ·һΣգһ·ԩ֪ж٣
ԭҲ򵥣ִᣬ̥ͺŮ˵¼һѰȥͶ̥˶̥ˣҲԼȥ򣬾ֻ·ǻֱڶԪѾ֮󣬷ٻص˾ŶٴͶ̥
Щ겻Ͷ̥Թ֪ǡԩ֡ĵ
ҶߵͷŻããԩ֣ԥһˡ


261 ·
̤ɫĴܽǿ֮Ҷнƣռ֮ǰ͵õĶһ·ǰһ·ڣ׳еƣƣ˳ĵĿĵءмǣʲôܻͷ
Ҷǰ̤ƶʱͻȻںҶϡȵȣҶϣһлҪ㽻
ҶϼתȴͻȻŵĻ̫ŲµˣѵԩĹꣿ뵽ˣҶϲûתǰȥ
ҶϵԶȥʧˣ
Ҷ̾һؼҵ·òҲĲǺ̫ƽʽߵģ״̬۵״̬ʹãͺ֮ǰһδ˾ʱ򣬾ȫͬģ
Ψһĺô·͹һƮƶٶȱȽϿЩҶƮʱ򣬶ͻȻĭϣϾҡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻ֪ʲôϷһˡ
һԶȥĸСʱž·ԶʱͻȻͣ˽ŲΪһϵף޾ɵƮ
ְ֡Ҷ΢΢һ
Ʈ߿ҶϣɫͻȻˣϣôôˣ
ҶϾһ۸ףѱ氡СĻص˵֮£
ҪȥͶ̥ҶģĹ⻰üͷһʹϧ
ţְ֣ôҶʵ
ӣʱ˲ðŸҸͥͶ̥ƣֻڴ˵أҶʹĻص
ҶһĿʱʧȥɫʣпһ죬ıñ˼ˣְ֡ǶӲТûб㣬뿪Ҹ˳ͨǡ
ӣⶼˣⶼ˰ȥͶ̥ɣΪȼʮ꣬ҲһͶ̥ˣҶص
ʹʱһλϹڶ˵ǰҶȻתϹɫˡ
ֱϹԶȥҶתصףȻûйкαΪȣȵȣȥһͶ̥ȥͶ̥
˵ţҶϾƮֻϹʹʱҶͻȻץסҶϵֱۣӣ㻹ǵΪĽôҪȾ
仰Ҷ϶˵ͨǰס㣡
Ҷһ̣Ķˣ⻰ĵȷȷҶϸҶѧʱһֱһ仰
ϹҶϵļ򡣼̶˵ӣȥɣȥͶ̥ɣʱڵȵȣ˵ÿʮҪһԩʱΪŸͶ̥Ļᣡ
ףԭ¶ӵƭҲȥôͶ̥ҪؼңҶϻص
ؼңҶ
ְ֣һؼҰɣȥ֮취Ͷ̥Ҷϻص
Ϲһֺˣã
Ҷϴ丸·
һ·óİһֱӰӶûмҶϷģְ֣һ·ûʲô
Ŷǰǰһ·ȷûйڣ·ѾԶйҶص
ΪΣҶϲ
·ȥͶ̥ģھ·ԶһֻõͶ̥ߣͨҶص
Ҷһ룬ʼˣϾˣֻһͨʱ᲻⵽ɱأ
Ҷ񿴳Ҷϵĵǣ˵Ϊȷˣ·ȥɣܺһ߹·ˣ
˵䣬·ҶϵǰҶһ·֮У˵·ߣһһһġ
Ҷ룬۳һֻƻǵӰӣ·Ӱӽ·ʱͻȻһˡ
Ҷһ·ͻȻתְ֣ţһܸϵ
ҶĿʹص·ǸӹҲˣȥɣ
Ҷҡҡͷְ֣뿪취ǣ
ҶЩΪѵĽӹƣõƵһ˲䣬ͻȻˣͷСȴ㸸װɣһˣ
ҶɫʹһĨɱȴԭţû׷Ʈ·Ϲ
Ϲ·ͷҶһۣʱҶϿһѪģ
Ҷ۶Ϲûж֡
ϹЦŶƣȻһ̤·ǣϹ·һ̣Ƶˡ
ʱϹɫʱˣֵسȴΪʱ٣һˡ
Ҷվ·ڣϵļⲻ鴤˼£һĪʹۣʵصʱѾˡϹ˵ף״ûԡӡƺ
·ߵĹУȻϹεļһ˿ǣҶȴһ£Ͷ̥ߣκͷҪȻŵ˴˼ңǣԭǿˣ׼סǰĻᣡ
ԣһжǼٵģ
ڵó֮Ҷ룬ͻȻˣʼźĭһжΪͷдЩˣԣҶȷһԼͷԣԼͷеһЩ˻ûԴϵ
ڷֵļʱҶϻûһöӽɱֻֻȴҶˣǸ׶˵Щ
Ҷϱ˵ʱִӵĺʦʦȵң
Ҷ֪һʲôˣ˵飬еƶ·
ƽ·֮󣬶ʱһֻСһСҶ϶˵һ̤ơ
Ҷ̤֮ͻȻһתʱ򣬿һֻƵıϣҪᣬ͵أ
ҶͱŭˣֻԼҪɥڴˣ
ǺתҪȥһţһֻϤĹ꣺үү
ԭʱſϵĹȻҶϵھүү
ӣҪ˵ǰɣүүæص
ҶһԥˣȻѾƭһΣǣЩϤףǶжЩˣݲĶ֣
ʹʱһˣһүүүүһͱɢˡ
Ҷϲÿɷ񣬱۾б˵жìˣ
ĿŴүүôˣȴ޶ԣĶΣ֮һܣ
ֻԼοԼһǻûĹ
Щڽ·;ϣҶһֱ۾ҲԸ࿴һˡ
Ѿȥˣ·ȻûһֻˣҶֻߵĺ
ͻȻͣˣҶ۾ͿԼѾڹſڣǣ۾һ̣ŵë£Ȼվв֪ʱһӪҵӡ
ӣС󣡡Ҷϴһͬʱӷɿȥֹ
ǣƺԼѾǻ״̬ӵӣĿһ̽ӵĺ󱳣
ۡһҺѪ֮С


262 
Ҷϼæһǰ̶ץסӵ֣ʹ֮ܿС
ʱëһֱԹۣ¶һɭЦݣҶ㶢ķӣźʬһ뿪ˡ
Ҷεĳë£ϾԼ״̬״̬ȻҺа֮ﶯ֡
ʱĭ͹ҺҲһ¥ˣȫѪʩչʼֹѪˡ
ĭҶϣкǻϲ²Ǵεʱ򣬺͹һֹѪֻ֮ȥҽԺˡ
ȥɣҵûлȻҾȥҽԺǣҶ˵
ĭ͹ӦŵȥҽԺ
ҶŶʧУĿʱһľʲô⣬ħûдˣֻǲ֪γɵħ飿
֪͵ħ飬ָʰأ
ӵһμħ飬֪һڶ⣬ѾūʬɱˣͲˣڹ컯֮£ڴǧ磬ʱпɱˣ
Ҷ뷨跨ʱλ̤˹һʬ˵ϣҶʿѾ壬㾡컹ɣ
Ҷϼæлϸһһλǵʱŵʱµλ󺺣ЦŴкֻһóһֽȻ͸ֻ鷳Ǯˣ
õǮֻЦ뿪ˡ
ҶϽԼ֮Уæ
Сʱ֮ҶϻվɫָһѪɫֻǣںǷѣСʱʩչ
ʹʱͻȻˣҶϡҶ𣿡
ҶһӦˣϸ԰Ϥˣ
ںǷѣΪˣԽԽɤӶЩɳˣҶʶ˼пܵʲôţѵʬɱ˵ħˡ
뵽ˣҶԥ͵ÿš
һţһλ걼˹ɫɷףͺ͹졣ţͨһҶϵǰҶȾҰɣ
Ҷɨһۣλ죬ʲôطأɫɷˣͺϳˣǡ
ǣǼ桭꼱æص
Ҷ֣ˣλа
㡭ΪΣҶϺҪһλйһô򵥣һλԸ꣬һ£
ҰְֱɱˡҡҲҲ֮֡ǼٵĻص
Ҷϵ˵ͷʵ˵ȥѾµħΪˣֻΪȷҶʵ
ǽľҶϴµ˵һ飬ʱгֹ֣ɱˣëȥѰҹ֮ëһȥأ˿ëˣڶϣħǱٵļУɱˣҲһ
˵ˣֱӱˣ
ѾִˣɣѹѹͽҲˣҪȥ˵ҶϿͰ͵ǣǷǰӡ
ллллһĿͷ
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Ҷǰʮ󣺡ĭ鷳ˣ
ţҪĭҧ촽һδεķ룬ڷʱ鶼
ҶЦŻصİɣֻһֻѣ
ĭǣǿЦˣǰ֪жյĻʿ֮󣬾֪һеģǼù⣬⽣Ӱ
Ҷѵ뿪ĭʱܹ˵ÿ쵣£ĺۡôͰһλʿأ
ҶϳҽԺʹȥˡ
ȥֵ·;ϣҶϻ뿪ʱĭһ˫ǵͻȻʶԼģʵҲ̫ˣ˵Ǵȥɽˮˣͨ˵
Ҷ룬óֻ༭һţ˪Ͷų˯ʯͷ֮УҲܲܣҴӦ㣬£Ҿʹȥ桭Ҳˣʱˣ
ţҶĶˣŴҴҶȺѵеͷŮˡ
СʱҶϳھ֣ĿǰѾû˺ʶˣʣһһӣԣڽʱҪͨԼıˡʱҶϾЩˣôǴأ
һʿǰ׸ɵģҶӴĽһȦҵʱѺ˵һŰ׷ӣһڱ΢΢һЦ
ţҶðһһڱȼ̶ŷ׳ȥûֻ
ֻȥĹŹ֣һһףͣ͵ų򣬷ʱ
ںȥʱҶϾ͵ش۾ȥܣ
Ǵ˵еġͨԼ۾ͷûĺ۾һ𣬺ģҶܿᵽɡ
۾ҶϽؿһԺӣԺվһŷˣЩ伫Ⱥǡ
ҶϿͻȻЩˣֲüƺЩѲ˸ϵ
ƹΧǽǰУɽļ֮СһҶϲȫһսɭۺϾȻԶԶ磬ʮϡ
ۣҶͻȻˣѹֻأԭеĵ۾ڴ˴
˵ĵָۣǿһ㣬ĵ㣬éɽ̡ڸ̵̡ȵɵѧ˵г֮ΪۡÿжУĵԩˣسɴ󻼣ñɷ֮ɷԹʲƽ
ƽҲֹģСʮɣʮԹħ˵˼˵ʮ޳ɣʮԹ޳ħԩеˣÿ˾͵ͬһҲ˵ͬʱʮԩԹη֮ۡɴʹŵɷҲѹסġ
Ҷ뵽ˣɫ䣬ħֵԵɣǵʱ򣬿гëµӰӣͷɢһ֮Уͷ˯һ㡣
Ҷϸоë¶ŵĵطҪĵطɭĶ࣬ë·Ȧֵǣë¾Ȼһֱͷûһ㶯
Ҷ뵽ħɱˣĵ۾ɱĺûᣬǲͨĭĵ绰ϵһǣѸ


263 ˣ
ǣ֪ĭ뵽ʲôЩ档
ҶϽľµ˵һ£ĭæӦŵ
һĭص绰ˣ˵߳ҪȥӰɣ
ˣԼȥ㿴ӣҶˣֻܴعûǣǱΪǽأ
Ҷϳڹʱˣŵ˴£Ҷϵ˷䣬Ҳˡ
ˣתҪ뿪ʱ忩֨һ£һڴ²أιң
һΣɬ˴ףʲôأ
ģʲôҶƳһǣҽɣ
ʲôʵ
׽ҶˣСӺ񱻹ŵʧȥǣô۵⣬Ҳʳڰ
׽仰ǺŵͨڵϣĿûһɫʣǹ˽𡭡Ҳʿô׽
Ӻİ㣬˵ǹ˽뿪ҲˣҶֱӱˣˡ
ȵȡȵȡȷǹ˽𣿡Ƿʵ
ڸҶ˵һ˽Ӿͽֻź㣡ҶָǵıӺ
ҡԲҲǸ˼Ҳ׽ȥǰְôǻص
˭Ҫ׽Ҫȥ⽫ӵǽˣҶϻص
⻰ǺͷʡˣԼС֮ģȾ֮ˣǸЦЦ˵ˣֻǰ׽֮£ȫָˣ
ҶεƳһһǺĵǣǡ˵һ£ʵĵˣȻһλ߰Сӣͷβأ
һ˼ʱѾˣ˵ʱȽʢʱ򣬴ʱõʱˣ
ͨǺľ֤Ҷ͵˼ſڣǼһȻԼܿ־壬ȴװһӣɶ˵¼ˣҪϵ飡
Щʱھ֣Ǽٵľ֤֪ݣæ˼λϡ
ǴȺǣȥҶϾܾǵİ
ЩͲúƲأܲմǣͲմǣԣæӦŵ
Ҷ˳ĽˣҶϾ÷һһķ飬ǣͨȴ쳣ƽ
ҶϺͷƤʢʱһ˵ӦĳЩҹ·ھһЩطʱ򣬲ĻͷƤ飬˾ͻĺ¡
ǣֵطδйߣ֮󣬽ž;ú˸ԼĻпܾණˣǻþĻ
ҶϵȻûожԼⷴЩ죬ֵطһֻּǺ£ǰ죬ҲǺ֡
ǣ֮ǰļſڣŴţһֲԤС
ˣ
ҶϵһӦǺ˼ˣˣ
λؼ˽Ҷʿôˣ
ߵأҶʵ
ĺżû˰صص
ҶüýƻĶһʱ򣬲˯ˣǹװû֣
ôӵȥˣкĴңǣˣӰӶûҵ
ȥ¼񣬽¼пһֻʮֻͷĹĵȷȷʹǸУһСʱ֮ǰ뿪ˡ
ҶϵһȻʮֻԩϳɵħ飬͵йأ
ֻǣħȥأ
Ҷ룬ͻȻüͷĭһ绰绰һֱͨţȴӦҶڲӵĵ绰һģû˻ش
Ҷ¼ˣ£һˣǶǹٳ֣ҵ绰ǣ
˵꣬ҶϽ绰ˣ̶ֱҽԺ
ҽԺһͨͨͣǲͨǵǼӼꡣ
Ҷϼݻʮ¥ߣһ¥ǣʱ򣬾ͳ׵ɵˣڴаڷŵһ󷨣ˣ
Ҷľʱ֣˲տҲĲһӣ
ҶϾ˾񣬻ùˣԹ̵ֶΣ᲻ɱǣ뵽ˣĿӵ
ţסԺĴͷԴ¶ȡȵģҲ˵뿪á
ҶϾԼ侲һ绰Ǻģ˲鿴ҽԺƵɣܲҵ
Уϴ˹Ǻæص
˵绰ҶϾͶڴϣʼ˼£һδɱˣһץҲɱеĻԹǣȴһвҶϲ£ɴ˿ɼжеɻҶϡ
ڹ֪Ҷϵ⵱Ȼһζս֪ģҶ˾쵱ţԼ
ôҲ˵ħͲɱӺĭ´һȴҪܲµ
һжҶϵĲ룬ԩܴĹܱ꣬ܲǣ˭Ҳ˵׼ˡ
Ҷһβĭĵ绰ȴҶ˳ǽԱߵӺҵ˵绰
ĳһ۵绰ʱסˣΪĭĶʾĻϣҲ˵ĭյţһֱƷζŵζأ
һ̣ҶϵȷܸжʱЩЩ˵ֻҪమˣľᵽ
ڣĭյţûлشҶϣ˵Ҷ̫ߣƵĻһֱʾţ˵ĺ뿴⼸仰ʶһ飬һĿţĬĬ
ʹʱиİĵ绰˽Ҷϼæ˵绰ιҶϣ
Ҷʿǡǹץ˻ص˼绰Ǳ߻ص
Ҷ⻰ȫһҧ촽Ͼ͵ǧҪ
˵꣬͹˵绰ȻɱҽԺӽָٻĿҲ˲ô֮ͥ»᲻ᾪŷˣҽԺĴԺУҶһָǰȥǱߣ죡
ĿҶϱ鼫Ȳæһ̤գ
Ҷһηˣڴ֮ͥ£׷ĿƮһһĴ¥֮˾ֵУʧС
ȫǺ䶯ҽԺСĽƵй¶ȥжˡ
ڻĵǾ˵ģͽ·ɱˣȺɢˡˡֻĵһ˵й¶ƵֻǵԺϳɵģŽѹȥˡ
ȻⶼǺˣµҶϣȴܲô࣬ʮ֮󣬾ͳڼ¥֮ϡ
ʱѾˣ֪Լһ󣬾ͲپЩˣĵǱſȥˡ
ˣͼæţ
УҶѾ취ˣ¾ܴݾߣȻĭӱɣ


264 
ҶЩȥۿƵƵʾʮǰˣԴӵһͷڼſ֮⣬ڲʧȥ˿ƣǱƻˡ
Ҷ룬Щְټһһʮηһη⻹Ǹδ֪
óȻȥɣضõȦףǲȥɣܱ֤ʵİȫ
Ҷ룬˵Ҫ͹Ի
ܿ˻ӦƼװӣϵͳһԡ
ţǴҶϵЧĹңһֻ߻ͲҶϡ
ҶŻͲлû͹ԻͻȻúǿѧǺ˵Ĺͨһ㡣ΪһʿٽӴ֣ʶôƵ飬Ҳûʲôˡ
ҶŻͲȴ֪ôڣ˵ȷһʱһ仰һ˴ϵȵףҲһ˴ӹȵ졣
¶Ҷ϶ԣ˵ЧҪʵĴˡ
Ҷüʼ˵ˣħţ㾡ųʣҶһë׷ĺǣʿŹ㣡
һ̣ҶϻǾǿӲļ˵ȽϺãϾħ˼Ĵڣħɱʣ
ȻҶԼڵĭӵĵв࣬ȻĭץǶ֣Ҳòȥ
ԣò˵ʱҶװƣǣòϣװƵʸ׻˵ձʵأʵպδ˭˭ء
һԵˣҶϺ͹˾Ȩһ֣ĻͻǺ˱־ĺá
ֻǣҶΪװƵһ仰ֱˣҶεƲƲ죺ħ飬ʲôҪ󣬿ǻᾡ㣬ǰ㲻ɱ
⻰ȻЩˣǣղŵһǰǵģԣ⻰ǻìܣһЩܲܺ͹ϻ
˺һӣûлӦҶ̾һֻܷˡ
ǣҪ»ͲʱͻȻˣҪɱǡĺԩ
ƵƮģɳƣɭֲϢǴ̶
⻰ҶԱߵļλ̱ͨڵϡ
ҶƳһǣа̾ɣ⼸λϹƶԩģȻôŵأ
ţб㴫֨֨ҶһͲҪ̸ʱͻȻըˡ
ҶϳԶվʮ֮⣬ð̵죬ҡҡͷûˣɱ㹻ˣħǲˡ
Ҷ룬ͻȻ뵽һ취ûû
ҶϴæǬȡһѵķֽк׼̳Ҫ
һЩ㰴ҶϵҪ׼һӣϻֽ
ҶǬȡ˸Ʒþߣһһڷźãīˮ˼Ѫɰ
ţҶЩųɳһ֧飬㿪ʼ
ĹУҶÿһһŷһһѪһֱɫٶŷ
ҶϽЩŷԺУÿһ֮ϣһСʯѹסⱻ紵ߡ
һԺ鶼Ƿ֮ҶкЩķ˶תƵʱռ࣬Ժֻһˡ
ҶǬ䣬˴ӽָ˳ϸ硭ôˣû
ʱûСŷȥŭһ׷ɱ㣬һŷȻһŷܣٶҪ죬вɱץס˵㣡Ҷ˵ţŷĸĿ
ĿӦŵӹû˺ӵģٷɽ˼
֮ҶϽᣬʹæԼڴ˼ſڡ
ʮҵʱʵڰͲסˣôûһϢѵаܻ֮ˡ
˵ֿԲҲ˵ѾСˣʿڵĵУ˲ٵս飬СӦѲɣ
ҶһڵϨļһۣʹʱдһ
ҶϸˣˡǴʮֵľڼſڡ
һȻ׷ˣĿﵽ˼ſڵʱ򣬽ڶŷ
ҶϵͨĿ£Ƿ֮󣬾ͲǷˣһˣһؾ졣
Ĺһ죬˵׷ɱĿĿھϣ̼㽫ˡ
УҶٻһڼſˡ
ǹɱ˾죬ڷ⿴ȥԺ鶼Ǿ죬ȻԾǺ֮ǣֽһ˽˾ȺУ̵ɱ
Ҷʱ򣬲ſħĿëµӣͷȴʮֻԴʮֻԴϣʮŴͣʮó
ħȺУѣѵɱ
ҶĿ˸Ŀĵضܽ˼
ϸ磬ߣ֮Ŀ·
ܿ죬ҵĭӵĲ֮ǰҶȥǸĵļС
ʱԺڵϣԻˡ
Ҷϼæóţ˼ˮĭ˵Уһĭһˡ
ԺĿҶϣͳҶϵĻˡ
ֻǣһԵĿȴͣв֪Щʲô
ˣˣѾûˣҶĭļ򣬽ֻ
һˣ˶ǷˣҪһӷҶϱһλһλĭ౳һλﱳ֮һ̧һλСӣĵ˼
ոðԺдһЦúãҪɱǡ
Ҷϼæкͣ½ŲʹûΪ֮ڵϻһȦӣż˶Ȧеȴ
һӵĿһֱŮĿЦʮֻԴʼֽˣȽϷӡ
˴ԼһСʱڵˣҶ֪Լʱˡ
Ƕ˺úõشȦУǧ뿪ȦӰ벽Լܳȥˡ
ԺӣҶصʬ壬һЦڿֻѾɱˣڵϢĹ
ιҰ㱨ˣԹѾûˣܷܲŹҵѣҶϻħ顣
ħһҶϣʮ˫۾ͬʱһˣëȻҶһλʿ
ҶϲԶͬʱг˼Ѿ˹׼
ֻǣʮ˫۾Ҷϣ̾һΣһܻ𣿡
ܻɱ
˰ɣѾɱ˺ܶˣ
ҲɱˡȥͶ̥ˣ
ɱǾȥͶ̥

ħʮͣʮֲͬĹ۵㣬һʱҲϲһҶֻܾħ飬Ҫķǲٵģ


265 긴
ҶϾһԣ侲Ŀʮֻìǻڣڼ֮󣬽ˣҶͬȥͶ̥ϾѾˣҲɱٶˣԹɢˡ
ѾڼУԼȥҰɣȥͶ̥ˣħ˵
ȵȣռʬ壬ѣ껹ңҶϻص
ħ鲻ˣ۶ҶϣǾˣǵĳˣҪǣܷ
Ҷ¶ɱͻȻħǰţǺӹȥǰɣӰǱѩˣǻҪҵѣ
˫ˣ˭ҲԸ䣬ʮͣ֨֨ҧߣ
ѾǺˣǻҶ˵ţгһ
ⱦֵһ̣ϳһĿĹǹһɱħ顣
ͬʱҶгһһ𣬸ɱȻǸҴë£Ҷһսһ
ʮң˫û׳֣ԭܼ򵥣ʵ˫涼Ը⶯֣ħȻǣͺһС
ҶҲֻв򲻵ѣƽ²ǡѾ֮ܺǰˣͨڳȼʮӵĻƾ֮ѾЩŲסˣȥӣҶϾͲòˡ
뵽ˣҶͻȻһȻûӾɱ㣬ػǱǣ
˵ţҶ̤ǰеıâһ˳ɫ
ҶʿȵȣʵǲΪУһֻôǣ˵ţһֻ۵һ³һֻССĻǡ
ҶϳǿӲ̬ȣ۶ħ顣
ħ鲻Լͬ˵ҶʿϢŭҶʿϢŭѵĻǣ赹ԣϣҪ׷¡
Ҷӹ˻ǡ
ʱʮֻϳɵħ飬һֻһֻԶëµ壬ҶЦŴк̶һڿշˡ
ҶϿЩԶȥʧҰУڳĺһʱ̱ڵˡ
ʱŴˣһȺǹľ챼˽ͷǹǡ
ҽԺģ;ԷȥˣС̰棬˼֣ͷ飬ҽԺǣ͸һ𷵻ˡ
ʱԺ׵ɵˣͨĿ֮£Ϻ˵žʬ壬ʬУȻҶڵϡ
ϸ硭ȥæҶϡ
ڹеӺĭæˣһ֮£ŵ̤صʬ壬Ҷϵǰ
ҶϳĺһЦû£Ǳˣ
Ҷ˵ˣڰеģ䶨ˡ
۶ŹιڲŻǲǵȹֽǳˣʬ
⻰һΣæҶϵǸҡҲǸ˼ϸ硭
ˣû¾ͺãҶ˵ţվӻǺղȻûдܣų̫ʱȽŻЩ
ʦôľ죬С㣬ȻˣΪֻأĵضҶϻص
ҶһͻȻЦĸоٿϣȷصʬ塣
Цҡҡͷڿдһⷨ󣬿صʬ壬ͱһţһķˡ
⡭Ӿֵ
ʱĭҲֵҶϡ
ҶϽᣬ̵һЩʶһαװ˵ķ˷˵ѪҺͯѪЧѣԩɱˣƽϢԹ˲Ͷ̥ɱȻҲԹγ˶ѭéɽĻһ÷ģ˵ùΪԼѾɱ˻ԼһƽϢԹԴ˿ɱԩ
꣬̾һӣ⡭ôķ
ҶƳһӣ˵⻹ҴǱéɽͼ־ϵķǾϲֵ
ʦȥһңĹʮа˾ŶԩôһУԺ¾̫ƽˣ˷ܵ˵
ǵδأһǼԩ֪Լôģ˵ĳɱģԣֻҪûûɾģԹǰס˳ˣķʽδؿˣҶϻص
ʵȻһвĽԩ֮ǣҲûȱ㣬ղЩڵѪûĻˣֻǾ죬ǣȴֻǴиӣ˳ҵĹһоͲˡ
ϣԩͷն˰ɣĭʲôˡ
û׻˵£°ҹšҶϻص
Ҷ˵ЩʱЩɫ죬ǣ඼һЩˡ
ҶϽֻһ׳ë»óһУë̫ˣʱ˻꣬Ǿȥɣ
˵⻰ʱҶͻȻһѪ
ʦ
ϡ
硭
˼ͬʱסҶϣҶԼظһ궤̽Լ塣ţ̽궤
֪Ҷʩ͹ԹԵشһԡ
ҶɷĭæȥҶǵѪΣϣôˣ
Ҷҧҧ촽оּˣоԼڵĹȻиˣճʩĻͲˡ
ʩʩҲǲռķѾˣǣΪʲôḴĪǶû
ɵĿ꣬˹ߣ޽⣬ͨﵽͨڣҲȥͨƣֱʩˣͶ̥ˣԶ
ҶϾ͵شתͨһ˹ŻվһκհȻͨĴʱˣЩģһģֻһԼһֻū۵ħ
û£ֻЩʣһȥ˵Ҷ˵ţָָë´ʬ̧ȥ
æӦŵܹȥëµʬ屳
Ǻܲڵվһԣȴһֱû뿪ĭ뿪ʱǺ˹ҶʿĴǺû
û£֮ͣҶЦЦ
ǺĿͶĭ鸴ӵ˵ĭ㣬ϣܺҶʿͷϡְֱɱˣʱһΰɣ
˵٣ĭɫһӱˣϾĳĸûʲô۽Ǻ᣺ϣȥɥ£Ȼȥˣ
ȥɣҶЦ
塭ĭǵҶϣ֮ˡһһԼİˣǸҪ
ȥɣӣڰûµģûˡҶϻص

ʱ˾ĿظۡռǰһУװһѾһͷ˿һĻǣһɱˣһ긴մ󷨣ѹ֮ʱǳ˶ͷ֮գ


266 ˹
Ҷϼ˻صһ粨жǺܳ죬Ƿһ⣬ÿ˶ǿʼʿָоˣоϲд̼
෴·Ѿ̫˺ˣ˪ͶűʯͷӱɱĿǰжѣǣҶԼҲСˣһʹ׿鷽ĥ˵ζԣħҪƴһҶϻͼ̫ˡ
ʦ˪ۣ֮ӼҶϲ˵ʹ˳Ĭ
ҶƲƲ죬ʵӸˣɽׯս֮󣬾ֻۣǣ˪ʯë±аɱͱȥ·һֹĲ·ֻвϵıǿܻ
Ҷ뵽ˣ̸һǴЩ飬һȥɽˮɣҲˣ
һԵĹһ㯣Уֻһ룬׷̤ǿ֮·
ԣԴ˶˵뷨ЩܽܣǴ˶ʿˣҶһʱ䣬̤˸ĩڣлԵ޵£Ϊһڵͨʿѵһۣʿϣҵõݾ񶼲ЦôõĻ˼Ȼ
ȻҲ񽣣Ҳǳ£ԣҪȥ
˸˼ĿûСŮǰĨ֣ͣ˴ûôǾʲôѾܲĶˡ
Ҷϳ˼Ƭ̣ͻȻ˵ӣһʱ䣬ǱҪͻͨڣȻûлʵҵˣ
ţʦģѾһЩֻǲȷҾ죬һдͻƣʮ˵
ͻơҶĸ֣ͻȻЦˣѾǸڵĸˣдͻƣпܻͺԼƽƽˡ
ǣһԣͻơʿǺټģǽԸ֮ʯҩȡ
ɣ㾡ҵовɼ취ҵʯҩԸ˵һءҶϻص
ӼæлֻһԵĹҧ촽һ˵ǶˣҾͼįˣ
ҶϲмƳһ۹ȻСǳʱãȴһǰ;Ǳɰ
˺Ѽ䣬ҶϾ˷䣬ڵĴΪڲѷͨһ˹һ޽ġ
˷䣬ҶȴһĲҲһоͿʼ鿴Լңȱʲôüʱȥ
ǬʱͻȻһ顶ϻǽ˳ǴӲռģֻһҲô
ǣںʹ£Ҷϴ鼮
ܼˣ˹˫ޣ
Ҷϲ΢΢һЦҲ֪ǲִܵС˵Ӱ죬ģȻҲ˫ˡ
һҶϸӺˣǴŵķ
ǸҪԼһЩô
ҶͻȻ۾ˣпôһ仰꣬׳ơꡯʿּ׳꣬޳ߣɰٶ֣Žһ
ЧҶ۾ʱˣǣȴˣȻŮľһ㣬ҪŮϣͬڣĽϡ
ҶϿͽ鶪һˣȻ˽ⶾϣȴʺֻա
¾ֻܸˣһҶϾо˲٣ٿеز裬ٵĿѾһʣˣʵûˣδ³֮õĿɶӵĴ
ҶٿĿֻкöԭϣ㹻ʮٵˣҲһԭϡ
ҶϼæϹһʼҶڸмܰæǣȴжˣ⡭ôصҲҿ
ҶͻȻסˣƳһ۹ðɣһӰæ
ɫһ˲ɷףͱ˵жˣ˼ҶԸˣȴԼ⣬ںˣҶѾˣҡҡ
ҡˣʰȥһôôֵǮôҶεƳһ۹
ϲཱུľ¥ȥˡ
ҶŹСӾСӣıãôͯ棬ϲˣٲļơ
Ҷ¥ˣ죬Ҷ϶ڸһСɢŨŨľζˡ
ҹֱʱľζصˣ紵Զ
Ҷɫ󼫼ѵĵҩеϲãһƳ֮һļƷҩֻ֮һѾʷõһˡ
Ҷȡ裬ĸҩԱʱ֮裡
͸Ӽˣһѧ˺ܶ࣬ɣܵõҩѾ˷ܵĲˣȴûһƣĸо෴õҩһʱ䱼ߣԼջӷ
ҶѾûеһεʱϲˣֻһ߶ѣΪĲƷʵЩϧˡ
֮󣬱һ绰ʺĭ֮󣬾һͷУĴ˯
һ˯˵ڶ磬Ҷ˯ʵ۾Լķһˣھþɳһ
ۡˣԭڷеĲǱˣĭѾˡ
Ҷôͽŵһŵ˵ϣҶɨһۣεЦˣΪǱǡϻʱ͵ƷϣȻȥˣºˣҴӲռô飬û뵽
룬ˡϻ᲻ϵĹأĭգ۾ʵ
Ҳȷ˵⻰ʱҶϺʶʲôˣһ󼤶
һγԶ԰ɣ㲻ܽⶾҲ꣬ʿǿˣ˹򲻹ϲǣĭ˵
Ҷͬ뷨ֻǣ⡶ϻ֮ʵ̫ˣҪŮ˽ϣ뵽ˣҶ׳һѯʵѵĭ˼Ǻϻ
ĭҶϻȵ񣬾ͼæͷɫ̼糺
ʹʱĿͻȻ˽ۣϸ磬ʲôҪһɣ
⡭ҶƳһĭ
ĭҧأȴһԲ
ҿҿĿｫҶе鱾ȥˣ˼ۣͻȻЦˣϸ磬鲻أ˵ͽϵĹˣΪ˽ϸ磬һȥˡҽҵĵһΣ㣡Ŀգ۾εҶϡ
㾡˵⹦ôأҶϼæĿĻ
ҶȻûˣȴ˼һЩԣԾû˼ȴĵİ
ôУ㶼һ˯ôãǻôĿĻص
⻰һðɣĭȻתҴҵ뿪ˡ
ĭ


267 ʬ
Ҷϼæ׷˳ȥĿʵ̫ˣ浽˵֪ˣҶ˵ʲôԴˣֻԼĭˡ
ĭ䣬ҲûܣͽԼķˡ
ҶۼžҪˣæԼĽţţһҺۣҵĽţ
ҺĭһתʱҶϽᣬѾܽ˷䣺ĭ˵£˵ûлûεʱǸʱҲ֪Ů
˵ʲôйϵôĭƳҶһۡ
ҶײˣҶǺ˽ˣʲôʱװںʵڲں˵ֻܸܵĻһֱʾ˵ɣ
Ҷ룬бҪԼĭ֮Ĺϵͱƣžˡ
뵽ˣҶϾһֻǣͻȻȥһڴסĭͣҰ㣡
ԱϣҲĭҧ
һ̣һֵζʧԼݾıҲԸ֣һӣһֱţţʱԶͣһ̡
ֻǣõʱ䣬Ǻܿģһͱˡ
ҪĭƿҶϣڲϵزԼ͡
ҶЦЦҲȥˡ
ʦûʲôɣɨһĭЦ
л˵۷أҶϵһӡ
ЦЦͻȻɫ䣬뵽ʲôˣæ˵ʦҸղȥëʦʬˡЩõļˣ
ɣʩչǧեôҶϷʵ
ʦʱͨ࣬ⷨ󰡣ӻص
Ҷһ룬ԼķͿˣһʹǧեֹֻܷ巢ζȴֹãͨʿͲһˣͬķʿʹȷʬ岻ḯ࣬һܱʣѪҺҲ̣ǣҪܶͨ
Ҷʩչǧեʱܱͨ첻࣬Ѿܲˡ
ǣҶŭıǣǧեֻʹһΣʬ帯ܣͲʩˡ
¾ѾָһЩͨǰѾ˺üˣӣĭ˵ĵвˣǣˡ
Ҷӣȥһ¥Ĳֿҿʬˡ
һţҶϾŵһʬ帯ʱĳζҶ¼ˣһʬܵ˰ɫë
ʬˣ⣡Ҷɫ
ʬһǲʬ䣬ǣë²һ֮ȱ壬ڵ˼죬ѾһʬĻʹˡ
ʦҪ佩ʬˣӲ
δأһ㷢ʬʬ壬ֱ仯һǽʬһ־ɥҶϻص
ɥëʦǬбʬôɥأͲˣüճ棬ʬΪ齩ʬ齩ʬ֣ë±仯Ҳֻ齩ʬ
ͨ˵ɥΪ»Ұȥ˾⵽ڹײеʬ֮УܳΪɥˡ
ɥ֣֮һɥǺˣĳˣʬڵ²࣬ɥоʱʱĳ£ߣʮа˾Żɥŵʱ򣬱ȽϹĵˡ
ԣµľǱ˵ţɥڵ£ҲͦįͻὫԼˣںץȥڵ
ǣɥͲһˣԼ޻꣬ҶһһǳĹҲɳǵħ
ħ⻰Ӳɵòһ£ڵħĴ˵кܶ࣬ħѪħǣħ֮ǵȣǵħǱͬĴԣǣѵʵĴô
ڣֻûд˵ôѣҶϻص
ǲʲôӷɵˡ
ë´˵ħͲܻˣңѷɫĵħɱϵĸ֣Ҷϻص
ͨһˣʱ̱ڵϣͰ͵˵ʦ㲻˵ûôô
ǲȺ֮ģԶˣҶϻص
沿鴤˼ӣòڵ˵ǡʦʲô취ô
취Ҷ˵ţͽӸˡ
Ǿ۰Ͱ͵ĿëʦɵħӾδվ
ȻˣĿǰֻһ취뽫ëĻڣһµĻǵʼʱȽϴͻᱻë´ĻˡҶһ˵
ʦôõķô̾Ͳˡ
ʬɽʬأʬһ֮ȴ֮ӶˡʱͻᱻʬֱˡҶϻص
ƶǶ򵥵һЩҲ˵ʬɥëµĻǾͻᰲȻֹʬɥǣǱɽʬͻꡣ
ԣҶϵľǺзյģ׿éɽмΪܲܳɹ˵ɹ֮󣬷ոռһ룡
ǣҶ˼֮Ŀǰûʲô취ʵʩˣΨһİ취롣
ӣȥ룬ĭȥһǺļУҵë´Ĺ磬ë´Ѿ죬ħ壬֮ǰҪһλѪûµѪҺ룬ǲܸģҶ˵
ʦ껹ҪѪҺȥ˾ö죬ôܸӷʵ
ֹǻѪһ׵˵Ѫ縸ĸֵܽãѪͬˣҲʹëȥ˾ȫ£ȥ˾ϣȴǱĳ꣬ħ壬ڵѪҺѾħѪˣҶϻص
ӻЩһˣҲȥ˼еĵȻʦôҪˣҲͲϻ´Ӧˡ
֮ҶϺӣĭһ뿪˹ˡ
Ҷѡȥˮרŵ꣬ΪѾֹһȥĻˣĿһֱţһʱһȥҶ긴ˣʮһΣһǵƣУٵġ
뵽ʣҶϾͿЦˣԼжۣʿüٵˡ
Ц֮࣬ҶֿʼǷˮרŵϰˣϼһһֱأҺͰһ֪ʲôùĶԴҶ֪éɽʦŵϹͽ֮󣬾Ͳϵˡ
ңԼеĲŪϹֵУ˴ǲͰˡ
ΪѰ룬òȥһ˷ˮרŵꡣ
ҶӣЩ壬֪УѾͣڷˮרŵſˡ
Ҷӵ̤˳⳵
Ƴһ۷ˮרŵʱ򣬿һλͯſɨأˣһ̵ı˵С
Ҷϡǵãλͯһǰ̧¯ΪμԼͺͼһһ̵Ĳˡ
ԣȥȥˣѵˮרŵڸʲôùĶô
ʣҶϲᶨ̤ˮרŵꡭ


268 
Ҷ̤ˮרŵʱ򣬽ŲĶ˶٣Ŀ˸ֻ΢ĳƬ̣˽ȥ
ˮרŵһǰĶˣҲ֪ʲôԭ򣬾ǿȥ۵Ķ˺ܶ࣬Һܶ׽߶гˣ֣Ȼܳʱûк
ҶϾֻһһŵĲ鿴ߣ˴ķӵʱ䣬ˮרŵϰˡ
ϰҶϣֻ΢΢üȻЦ֪Ҷʿݹ٣ʧԶӭ
ַеĻһҶ϶ӵģԣǣǿЦЦҪһ֪ûУ
ҶʿҪʲôܿڣֻҪСеģһ˫ַϣϼһе
ϰˣҲǰǵĶҶϻص
⻰ͷӺ˼Ƭ̣ҶʿҪʲô
룡Ҷϻص
ۣ߲ȫһʲôʵһ˾룬Ҳʹð
ڵкܸߵҪһֻиڵʿʹãһǰ۵ʿҶϣһʱڣ˸ϵʿζʲôζžʥѾֻһ֮ңˡ
Լʹãǰ򣿡ͷӾ˾֪ҶϵĵС
ҪĵɣģĹ˿ͣУαҪôأҶϻص
⻰ͷѾʮа˾ȷҶԼʹˣֻͷӾǴ˵ˣҶʿԼãҵǿ취Ǳˣû룬ҶʿҲ֪Ŀɹɣ
Ҷûˣ˵һһͷӻǺˣⲻвôصѳˣȻԼã
ͷηûж⣬ΪѾ׼ֻǣǿЦЦһ겻ҶʿΪˣܰﵽҶʿӦҵң
Ҷϲ֪ϼһ«ʲôҩʶЦǼǰڵۼ棡
㿴ԣ¶ˣҶʿȥɣСûУܰŪãҺ̹ͨһ£ڼλ̫ͣӦȷȻСֻ·׬һǮͷЦŻص
λ⣬ллˣҶЦ
˵һСС󣬻ҶʿܹȫͷͻȻʷһת˵صˡ
Ҷʹͷ￴˲ˣ˵ϼһﲻô˵˵Ŀˣ˵ɣܲ
ѣҶʿֻСһ㿴ⶼһˣȻһβ׵ĹȥҲéɽᣬΪһʿ֮ǰõ֤飬Ǻһˣͷ˵䣬мЩκ͵ˡ
Ȼõʿ֤ǣϵеС⣬ܰﲻ㣡ҶҲشֱ˵ŲռѾٲµɱޣԼʿ֤ŪģڹеǺ
ҶʿˣԼ߶֪û㹻Ʒȥǽѣͷӻص
ҶͻȻЦˣһȦӣԭҪҩǻصǰʦɣҲéɽᣬӣҶ˵Ҳû˵ȥǸˣ֪Ҷʡʲô
ͷ⻰ͲҵЦˣҾ֪ҶʿѾµҵĵϸˣһʦİɡ²װ
ҶЦͷӹȻéɽһɵǸˣ˵ʦ壬СʦС˵ʦֶ
һٵ㿴Ҷ룬һ⣬Ҳ첻ʲôӰ졣
ɽͷٵȻֻһǿһļλѾˡ
ȵȣһһٵֻܷ˾гϣҶ
ͷӺϼ޻ڸղţѾҶϵˣΪʼʸ֮£ͰĽһҶϾԻ
뵽ˣͷӶģжģ
ҶЦǾˣȻȥˣ
˵꣬ҶϾ͸ǶȥˣǣҶôҲ벻һٵȻ˲ռķˣԼһǿĳҡⶼǺˡ
˵ҶϣӺĭѾˣһӾͱ˹ʦʦ벻ëǱ߽ʿ㻹ǵǴȥôȻֻмǧ׵ľ롭
壬Ҷпһ£˼Ƭʵǲǳлڣ
ǣһСӡӻص
ʱ˳˵ϸ磬ʦһΣȥ˵ܼأ
Ҷϵ˵ͷпʼĥȻҪȥ帽ҪҪȥʲô仯
Ȼûеõ𰸣ȣȥΪ˾ˣʱȣǣǱߣȴҲȷǣֻǵʱˡ
ʦ㻹ҪʲôϣϿͼҲеģӻص
Ҷ룬Ͼڱ߽ϸԤ˵ͼǣҶϿһƪʱ򣬾ü԰⡭
һŴӷɻƬ϶¿Ҷܹܵգ磬¶ףĶׯ
ϣ㷢ʲôˣĭʵ
̫ˣҲ˵׼˵ĸо㿴ҶָͼƬ˵
ۣһֻﶢŴׯĭͻȻ
Ҷϵ˵ͷУһֶޣƾʿרҵ۹⿴ǿطĲǺܼ򵥣
峤ë壬ѵסĶëˣҶ
ֻйϵͳܹҪҪȥһ˾֣ĭ
˰ɣЩ޹ؽҪģʰҶüͷһֵֹֹĸоһļ䡣
һҲҪȥæ˵
ҶϵȻ֪ȥĿģʦͻȻټˣһʦˣǻصӺĿҺĭȥͿˣ
ôңûôȥĿＱæ˵
Ҳ㣬ǣûѹ帺ˣ³⣡Ҷϻص
ôʦôȥɻ𣿡ЩԻˡ
ǵģɻȷȥö࣬˻ǻ˹̧ΣһٶȲȷȥҶ˵

£Ҷϣĭ͹˾͸ʰȥˣ׼ĵߣΪһƣҶ׼ǳĳ֡
ڶ죬Ҷһȥˮרŵ꣬ϰȻûʳԣͽҶϣҶϰԼҩϼһӰʮң׷ǳǢ
ţҶŰ˸룬Ҵҵط˹뿪֮ǰҪë»
صҶó˰˸ʵ룬ϸ
룬ֳĸ룬һģ峯һλʿķרֹ嶪ꡣéɽΪݿˡʡǷ֢״ʱԵĶйأ걾˵Σ󣬵ĳЩ£ĺȴģҩ塣
ҶҪģ꣬õԭȴϵԭֻвѡ


269 
ǽ룬һðǰ⣬⴦еֹ̣⻬䣬ڻƽʵرȽ˺˽ĳ룬ȥ˵ֱ̣һۣʩ󣬿ͨ봩ƤֱӰϣȻҲʹ࣬ǿˡǰ붼Ҫ֣лϸͷǷֿģתתͷ̣̽Ҫʱ򣬷ת̻ȥ޶ȵļߵʹࡣ
ҶϸĻЩéɽеļأһǬһ£ϳһСˣʮңĶҶϵģӺ񾭲һ粨
ҶһۣгǰδеѹУ¼Ѱ찡꣬ɹֻаٷ֮ʮҲ˵ëµĻǣ߳ɵĿܻᾭסڣһغ
ë´磬Ҫ׼𣿡ҶƳһëµĻǡ
ʹʱһɼΪɭķ磬Ҷϵϣͺڷĳ־һ㡣
Ҷ˳ŴңգܲʱĻûɸֶޣЩĶŵ档
Ҷ϶ʱѹӵĴˣǣһδεķ粨һŷ˵ģԽѹԽ侲侲
Ҷ¶һ˿аЦ⣬аʲôʧȥѾˣëҵѣѣҶϲؽУҵѸ
뵽˵ʱͻȻһһ˹ſڣϻһӡ
ĭŵ˼Ҷϵϡ
Ӻ͹Ҳһľݣȴû˵˸ԵĵߣĿĶſڡ
ҶѾожˣƱֹʩģȴ֪ʲô⣬ѵǴ˵е
뵽ˣҶϼӿٶʩ
תͨëµĻǰУ̶ʬó˸е
ԭ֧ݶ֮ڶУҪġãֻ󣬿ɽӡݶû·Ƴȥ֮Ҳˡݼأڸ壬á
뵽ˣҶһһ롰ݶ̶֮ʹͨëʬ
Ҫģ꣬˻ʱ򣬱زٵһΪ󣬼ǲܵҲڲЩۼУǲų壬ͻˡ
ëµĻǣвͬΪа壬ʹ˺ܶ壬ڼϵյ֮һĶ࣬ë꣬ɢˡ
ԣһĻһΣѵĲֹһ㣬ʮϡ
Ҷϵͨëµ壬нϵһ˳ͨķͻȻҶϡ
Ҷ϶˵Ӵͨһʱ֮䣬߳ƽˡ
ڳƽĹУҶϷ֮ˣһԼĵУȻ֮һҵͨôɵˡ
Ҷľǣ֮֮ͨԴһǿ
Ҷɫ䣬ȥ겻ɣԼᱻġ
ѣҶͻȻתȫͨϾͨǴ̼֮ѹס
ţͨһ磬һıˡݶֻٶȳĵͨˡ
һҶϾ͸ӵľˣͨĴʱųʧܣǻᱻġ
ʹʱĭҶϵһ㣬æҶϵ󣬽ͨ䵽Ҷϵڡ
ҶϲͬĭΪйѾˣظоƾӺ͹δӦǣԼڹؼʱֻ̣Ĭˡǣܵĭͨ壬æתͨΪãֻǾųǡ
ĭͨЭٶȿ˺ܶ࣬ͼٱˡݶ
һͿëʬϣݶ̵ϣһ˿һ˿ۿɼĺɫ塣
ɹˣҶЩϲãȴ˿ëڵ벻Ũȣųģֹ֮һء
ʹʱͻȻһ֣ϻų׵ĺһӣһ˴СĶӡ
ͨӣľȻûһˡ
칷ʳ£Ӿһ
ʳྪ
ʵ˵˵һģéɽУʳǡ칷ʳ¡˼ȫһµġ
ҶϰľĻˣʲô칷ʳ£ĳ֮£һƬ˺ҹˡ
Ҷ뵽ˣһͨעëʬ֮УͬʱëµĻģʲôĿһëµĻǡ
ʹʱͻȻˣǲ֪ʱȻ¶֮أ̧ͷܿϱĪ
ӣͬʱ̧ͷգһʱʧɫˡôľˣ
󣡡Ҷϴһ
֮ⷨǰ˵е˼󣬵ǣղŵѾȫȫƽ˷ǵǰĻ֪ˡ
ԣ͹ˣͬʱźߣʮǰõĻ׮֮䴩󣬲һǵͷһ֩һĺɵ硣
󷨽˿éɽУΪ󷨣һֻиϵĵзʹãӺ͹Ų󷨡
󷨵ڷͬʱһĹһᱻסȻĽǣµľˣܷЧͲö֪ˡ
ʱеľˣźХķҶ
˲󷨣͵شԴԴϵͨע˿󷨡
֮󷨣Ѫɫð֩ӡ
ˣ̼䣬ѾڰڣֻǣǾ˿ݣֻܿһӴ˼׸ߵӰӣӱɫơ
ǾڰڣͻȻͣ˽ŲһֻɫĴ֣һһ㣬ͻȻҶ֮ء
ҶɨһۣҧأȴǱ۾ĭĿǰѾˣһ̷ͨɣ˶ɡ
ڱ۾һ̣ҶϷסԼͨͨĿȫĵʩӺ͹
ĭҶȫͶʩԼ۾
ڶ˷˶Ŀ֮ʱֻ鶯Ĵ֣Ȼ˿֮УڽӴ󷨵һ̣˿ǻŴϯȥ
ȻʹʱӴ䶯һ£Ǵз˺һ֮˿ͣ˰Уʼںʲôһ㡣
ʱӣоԼڵͨڱĳһ㣬ͺԴԴϵͨӴ֮У˷ֵʱѾ԰ˡ


270 ֮
Ҷϱ۾˫Ŵ£ƾβɱר־ı
֮ϣɢһƣһƺɫɫԽԽ࣬ŨȷǳĴڳһңصˡ
ҶһеĶȴû̶ͣγȻëµĻóʼʬںϡ
ٿǣһŤѾ鲻һΣһεѪǣ壬ӲӦͨģѾﵽ˼ޣʱ֮ԻվţǼҶϻûɷ¡
˵һ㣬Ϊж񽣣ǿţҲǶ񽣣˿ƽ֮󣬾ͿŶǿŵˡ
ʱǾЩȣڿж˶ӣͻȻ͹һָͷУһӣͻȻ˹
ͯľʣͨǸӴСָͷػˡ
һУ֮Ĳ֪࣬ˣľͨȴ˾˵һָͷֱ˴ŵ鰡
ԣ飬Ϳ֪ˣӣ̼䱻Уһɼǧס
ʹʱǹҶϷ͹
֮䣬ɱһֻ޴ֱۣҶϵͷȥ
Ҷϸոں˻ǣһҪɣǾýʣ󣬽ʬ֮С
Ȼ򵥣ҲҪҵʱ䣬ֻӴֱֻۣӣҶϡ
ʹʱĭͻȻ۾һʽ򵥵׾֣ףھ˵ֱϡ
ʱ֣ۿɼٶȼɢˣʱֻӴӰӱŭˣİ׵ĸ߶ȣûһӰӰէ֮£ͺһֻӴͷ
𡭡
ͷ֮Уһֻóһ֮£Ӵͷ­ײĭϣĭһƬҶӰУһգ۾ʧˡ
ţӴĹͻȻҶϣȸղŹĭĻҪ͵Ķࡣ
ȻＴײҶϵʱҶһ룬ǰ꣬غһ½
ֻȻڼײҶһ̣ͻȻͣˣһ˲֪ʲôˣͣҶʮҵĵط
ҶɨһȻлһתһʩչʱ򣬲Żʩ;ͣ㲻ٹˡ
ʵˣȻ･صˣͻȻ𣬴ԶȥţеĻˣҶϼ˶ڵϣһΣһ㯵۾
ĭȴڵϣҶϼæˣĭȻڵϣȴûܵһ˺ӣһԻ󣺡ϵ˺أ
ǰҲҲôֵ˵
ҶüЩ̫˼ˣ˵ȥҲδмţüͷëʬԱߣȴķ֣ëµʬС
ⲻΣҶڹۿܵʱ򣬼һ糣׻ľϻţҲķҶҲ֪ǲһΣΣҲܹɱ˵Ρ
ѵνҶڵϣкɵ
ȥˣϣⳡĺÿֲĭųûдӸղŵľлָ
ϣֻһΰɣҶգ˵ζ
ʵҶڵĵȴҵѪҺ֮һʩʱеĹ᲻
а̾һνɽǰ·ЩȷһŰɣǾҵë˵ѪҺУʮ죬ʬڵħѪһʱ򣬼ѾסëµĻǣҲᱻˡ
һ֮ǰһУ͵ͽͣë¾Զܸˡ
뵽ˣҶԶ
ԱϣҶϴŹĭӿ˵˻͸ӣһ̤һµ;
ʦҪӱص˵
ϸ硭һġһԽµ
ҶЦŻصĻȥɣʮ֮һ
Ҷ̤µһ;Сʱķɻ絽˱߽ĳΪ˸ʱ䣬»Ǻҹʩչһֻ˹̧ΣٸĿĵء
Ҳ֪˶ãھĿĵزôԶˣֻǣԽԽľȥĵطòĺܲ򵥣ʪɭĳ̶ȡ
ҶϸŹ򣬾ͼæк˹̧ͣȻĭ͹ԻУӶ˰˹̧Σ򷢰˹̧뿪ˡ
ǰ˹̧θոʧĭ;ȵϣһмǧ׵ľ룬ȥ
ǰϸ磬ǧ׵ľ룬ʱߵŻص
ҶЦûзԼͨĿͨЩأ
⣿ףĶ̾
ͨʧ飡ĭص
éɽеļأڼʪĵطͻʧ飬ͨĿͨʧȥáҶϻص
ˣ°˹̧ʹթȻһľ
Ҷϵ˵ͷǵ⡣ԸѡУҲðգ
ɣҶϳĬ˵
˱أŵͼʾķǰҲ֪˶ã֮˼֮ԶˣԶˣ
ҶϺĭ˷ˣһ·˳ŲԶҪѰҵĵطˡ
˴ٶҲöˣֻǣǰ·ߣʪĿ֣ٶҲ̫졣
ڣڰСʱ֮ҵ˽·ߣȻ·ȴǷ´·һ㣬
ӣһţһų¾ɵķݣкܶéݣȣĴεȴܶ࣬һĴҪһЩ
ҶϼһϷޣ˵˵ЦЦҶϼæǰѯʣүүţһ£УëļͥûУ
Ϸ΢΢һ£ϸĴҶϣͺҪҶϿһ㡣
˳˺һʵǲǱ˰ɣ
˼ͬʱӦŵĿ˸ĶλϷޡ
ëңʲôˣϷʵ
Զݣ֮ϣһЩҶϼæ
ëҰˣԶһǺ˰ɣȥǼеȺ򣬵ˣȥ֪Σػģλϸˡ
ллšҶϼæл
ǣ˸ǣ߽˴һ·ϣҶѯ˹ӵĴ
Իҹ塱һϢĴׯҶׯֵʱ򣬾Щ˵ĸоָоǳǿңǣȴ˾ô⣬ԣѹҲֹĸоԺη
Ҷٴɨһϸ˵ϰҵΪλֵĸоˣ
һԵʣһ·һֱЩͣǲʲô⣬ûйϵһҶ뵽ˣĿĶˡ
ϰѾƺˡϸɫĻص


272 ҹ
ϸ˵ĽͣҲЩҶҲ̫ˡϸԣϷ޶ŮֻΪǶҶϼ˺ǿ
ϸ˴򷢸ڵһλСȥëҿˣİɣǻˣ⺢һǣ
ЪϢϸ˵ļУϸæȥˣ˵ʲôҲҪÿ˳극ȥëҡ
ҶϵҲûʲôϾЩƫƧĵط鶼Ƿǳõģûбִͬ
ĭϸ뿪֮󣬾ſҶϵĶ˵Ҿϸеˣ
Ӧò°ɣҶϻصΪһũⷽ治ǺС
ĭô֮ҶϾҲƽˣϸ۲ͷӣأͷӺʬһ㣬ǣͨĿȴʲôҲֲˡ
ȻҶԼҲʪĻ£ͨĿδЧ˹͸ȷˡ
Ҷ뵽˵ʱϸһֻ˽ˣǱæߣһֻɽǣһûгԹôԭζĶɣ
ҶЦЦҪ˵ȴˣɽܺó԰ɣܾûгԵɽζˣ
˵ţ㽫Ӵϸнӹлſˡ
ϸֽ˫ӷֱ͵ҶϺĭУĭҶϣȻǵȴҶϵķӦˡ
ҶϽӵֵĿӣл֮󣬱ϣܶԲҲϲԼ⣡
ϸӣȰ⣬Ҷɾܾˡ
ǣĭûҶô͵סˣϸȰ֮£ѾԵĲ˵ˣͿˡ
ʱѾӽˣչˣһӵʱҶͨĿЧˣȻĭ͹ڳԶ⣬һŶߡЩߣʮа˾Żƶӡ
ǿʲôûҶɨĭ͹һۡ
ЩľګȴҡҡͷĿ⿪ʼɢ
ҶϲҪ룬˶һ˹ˣǶ˵иһŷ˶˵Ķͷ֪ԣ
˻䣬ҶƳһۣλˣҴҵˣſڣͲˡ
Ҷű嵽ſڣӰˡ
תٿĭ͹ڵϣʲôݰҲ˵ղһУ˶⣬ǻûģʵϾͲڡ
Ҷϱȥˮö˺ȥ˴ԼһСʱҵʱ䣬˲ˡ
ҡͷΣĭԼԴ
ôˣôڵϣʵ
ҶƳ˶һۣεЦЦ˵˸ղųԵĶ֮߳ģ룬ǲҪĶˣǱƭˣ
ƭˣղүүءԼԴо뵽һЩ
ѵһϷа֮ĭʵ
Ҷϵ˵ͷóͼпʼоӵͼҹɽƣλÿĵȷȷһûУǣΪʲôһƬ֮أ
ҶϹۿһӣֻܰ̾һȥĴ
Աϣ˾ʹ˶Ȼĭ֪ոշʲôǣ˺ܾʿǣԴܲµˡ
ԣһո˼˵лʲôζҶϼæٻһ̽ǣҶͨ̽ʱͻȻ۵һˮ
ҡҸоʲôҪˡǿ˵仰оðһֻŵںɫСߡ
ǼһͻȻˣһһĺɫ֣߳ŵƨ
Ҷϼæ֣һѾˣ̶ԶԶ˦ûˣˣͲ£
ҶϵȻʵǷˮãа֮塣
⣬ѵĭҲôŶҶͻȻʶһ⣬תۿĭʱ򣬾ͳ׵סˣΪһߵ°ͣһ磬һ鶾أ
ĭҶӿٶȣһӾͽ߳ڣۣôҲҵĶأ
ҶεЦЦĭʿϣʵȹ¸ҵĶ࣬һӣôܺʹᲢأ
һ·һߣ˾ôࡣһʱ֮䣬Żһˡ
¾ôˣһ·ؿдׯ֡
Ҷϸʪȣգ۾ͻȻ˵ǰׯ⣬Сĵ㣡
ԱϣҶ϶˵Ųȵ̤µĴׯ֮Уոճڴׯɫͻ䣬ͨĿ£һнãۿȥŷӣͨĿ£鲻Ľֵ
Ҷ룬ۿĭһαɱˣװԼҲɱˣһãȻ̤ӡ
һҶ˼λˣȻʲô⣬ǣܳҶϾǶǺˡԣҶ߾裬һλʼʻˣǻҹ壿
İˡȷ˵Ļҹ塭һλ΢΢һ̶ص
ҶϵȻѱ٣ֻܾʹգ̤ӡ
ʲô𣿡ͻȻҶǰһλ꣬ҶϾú죬ǲ֪ʲôطˡ
ˡҶϻص
֪Ҫ˭ˣص
Ҷһľȣδı棬ȴ֪ҵ˭Ҳ̫̬˰ɣ
ͬʱЩϾë¼֮˵ģҲ֪жá
һ·ĬĬ꣬괩˼֣ͻȻһ˵ſͣ˽ŲǽȥɡҪҵˣߡ
˵ָָ꣬һԺҲû˵˲У뿪ˡ
ҶͨĿ۲Զȥȴûзκε⣬ȻˣеļƷˣһ˿ֲˡ
һͷˮ꽥ʧˣű˴˴۵СۣҶ϶֪òýԺˡ
ԥʱ򣬿֨һԺţ޷Զˡ
ҶϾŴԺӰûпһҶϵĺģԥһ̤С
̤֮Ҷɫ΢΢ıˣԺͺṳ̂һ㣬һһ쬵ķ磬ĵ׷ë
Ҷ̤Ҷ˴ԺԽߣԽ÷ΧԾͷƤëһֱԼһ˫ëȻĿ⣬أ
ȻΪרҵʿҶֻ֪һ룬ǣطͲ֣Ժ֣һʲôΡ
ʣҶϼǰڴԺΨһһӵſʱһԶˡ
Ҷھ֮࣬˳ſڿһ㹻ԴˣΪ䷿У˺ö˵ĻЩǽϣ¾Ȼ͵ƣ¯ƷҲ˵õĵط
ҶϸٿͻȻĿеͼ֮ϣˣȻҶ֮ǰһϷޣԼոָݵꡭ


273 ݺ
һ˲䣬Ҷϳ׵ɵˣרҵĿ⿴һεҹ壬ǰˣĹ
ãĭ˾ֵҶϡ
Ҷϵ˵ͷ̤ãУҶϼ˵Ļ߽һЩÿŻϣּּȻڻĺ棬ǽҿеһŻ
Ȼڻ棬ʱѾãּīӡҶϸһüͷˣëֺë
ţҶϽĻ񷴹ˣÿһź棬һë֡
ѵëҹҶ֮ǰ֪ë¹Ȼҹ壬ǣҹ廹һġ
һˣһˣͻȻָһŻ˵
ҶϺĭæת˳Źֱȥһ˲סˣë¡
͡
˼ͬʱͣһĶű˴ˡ
ҶϳĺһԴȴ˼ëڳҸոȥã˵֪ǣΪʲôĻҲأ
ʣҶȴú¿е˼ˣǱô򵥡
ںʹ£ҶϺԥժëµĻ񣬽䷴һɼСдСëλĸ֡
ҶϽսԼǬ֮С
߰ɣҶͻȻ˵
ߣȥĭ
ȥѾûлˣҶ˵ţ̤á
ǡëôأԻˡ
ֽͣһ֣ëµĻǣʵڼǰѾȥˣΪŻͣǶʮ꣬µë磬ѾʮͷˡڶֽͣëëҹΨһ뿪ˣ뿪ʱ򣬾ôһãֽͣëҹлˡ룬ëҹʲô£Ҷüͷ
òʦ˵һַʹȥĹ˵˼Ҳ֪ܵȥˣƵ˵
ûõģǷҾͻᣬûǼĹôҶϷʵ
ûȱʲôĭϸ֮󣬻ص
ˡȱ˻ˣҶϴ
Ϊȱٻˣǹ꣬ˣʵԴ࣬רżһЩģǼʱ飬Ǽǰ飬֮ùʧȥ䣬ʵжģ˻ˣʧȥǰļ䡣
ѵǶ
ŵԸ񣬺ǳҶҡҡͷ
ôأʵ
Ҷ̧ͷգʱʱѾȥˣܵһγˣҲڽŨۡ
뿪˵أһ̫ƽҶȻһЩ²⣬ǣϾûһݣֻܾʹգǣΪ˰ȫҪŹĭ뿪
Ҷϵ⻰ҲʶһˣȷøտʼʱһϷޣǳ˶ߣ治֪ᷢʲôˣ
뵽ӿ˲ӻ·ϣһ·ɱڹ;УʱʱĻᱻһЩа֮٣ǣȴҲûа֮ڴǹ
һɽڿ⣬ȻѾϦȴ쳣ͣͷٿ˳ɽɽһƬơ
ҶϼǵëҹʮĵطһСׯҲҹĵطó˵ͼϸٿ
ڵͼϣҶҵҹһСׯݺ磬ʹŶˣϷǰ֮ǰһҪҵס
СʱҪڵʱڵݺ磬Ȼڽݺʱڴһλ꣬ڵϣ泯ֽǮ
ҶϺɵɨһ꣬˳ĿȥȴǴɽ֮ëҹ
Ҷϲ֪ǲɺϣǣбһĹ뵽ˣҶϾȥˣСӣм⣬𣿡
ԣֵҶϣĶҶʮ룬ͻȻһУʲôһ㣬תͶˡ
ҪȥֹӶݣȴҶֹˣҪ׷ˣ
Ӧŵʹͣ˽ŲȻ֪Ҷϵ˼ȴòӣһΣһμ֤Ҷϵ漣ͺ˪һҶϵУͬС
Ҷϼĭ˵ǽ͵էǧܵﵱˣ
ӦŵΪֺЩģһʱˣԭҶϽǿѹͷߵ˼
۾죬۾죬ľˣҶεĻص
˼ǰ˼׵ľ룬̤ݺ硣
ǣոսӣҶϾ;ΣķͻȻͣ˽ŲûиоʲôԾĵط
ûаһжĭص
ˣԴʺĵطʼһжˣĭ͹Ѿʧȥʿеͨˡ
ԣҶֻܿԼжϡ
֮ʱ˳Ǳˡ
ˣҶͻȻˣղ֮ԼܵΣУûиоȫ裬ͨ鳶ʲôϵ
˾֮ʱͱΧס
ǣˣɱǣһλͿúһ飬һļһ
ǣ峤ӦŵͷȹߵĴΧҶˣҶ˹
ҶһȣڱĴ֮У˸˼ӣͽλļһܻˡ
죬Ҳûܵһ˺ٶȣͽŴˡ
ǲʲôˣһˡҶ˵ǳϿңȴذָ峤ĺ
峤ˣæл˵е
ЩһҲ峤Ļ
Щ񶼷֮Ҷϲذף峤·˵أסһҹ峤и㣡
Ǵȥױ峤ʵ
ҶΪ˱ʾԼĳ⣬ͽ峤ſ֣ǴӶжȥëҹ
ëҹһ˲䣬еĴ񣬶ֵˡ
Ҷھȵͬʱȴֺˣ֮ݺ磬ʵҲΪ˳ëҹ֮£ڿЩ֪ëҹʲôˣͺ˵ˡ
뵽ˣҶϼæЦǺǵĽ͵سˣר㸾ŮģҹѾܾûкϵˣǳ̫ຢӣˡ
ƻ峤üͷ
ҶһЩ񣬲ʲôϢ֪͸ˣͷӦŵ
ĵǳŵǿԳ𣿡峤֪Ҷ˵ʵĿ֮󣬾ͱӣиëϵ
Ҷϼ峤ˣŭЦˣǣǴϢã·ɹ涨ЩǿƳĹ


274 
Ҷϵ仰˶ʱ˷ܵ
ҶϻĵЦˣĭʵ벻ͨ£ҶϣΪʲôƵĳôأӶ˰
Ҷ㲻ò˵õʵ̫ˣǡְũ˵ĹһӲǹأһԺׯûƫƧũ壬Ƚϼܶʱ׳£红Ϊðпˣ컨ȲҲһֺˣһɻǱȽϵ͵ģŮˣǲԺûĸô
ȻЩڷǳɽ壬ݺƫƧҶҲ벻ôʽӽ
ǡǹҲǲôĭԻ
ûŰɣǰճ̨һţԼƻ˷ɣ껹أе߶бӦòˣֻǰǶѣҶЦ
ݺĳͻôˣΪѣݺĴ񣬸ǽҶ˵ϲϲһ㣬óԺúȵĿ
ڼ䣬ҶϾҵ˻ᣬ峤ʵ峤֪ëҹʲôˣ
͡Ҷ⻰֮кܶһͣЩֵϡ
Ҷ峤գüǧٸ²⣬ȴôҲϵһ𰡣
ѵǸׯ뷨֮ҶϾˣʿ֮󣬹ˣĳͷöˣǣ쳶Ϲϵ£û
֮Ҷ뵽ѵëҹ£ҲǸйô
꣡峤һҪ˵ƣ̶С˵Ҫ£ÿ£
Ҷ⻰ʱȫһͺʲô۾Լһ㣬µĸо
ô֣ҧ촽һĺ档
ǰôɺϰɣĭҲ˵
ǻһ񣬾ʵĽëҹ㱨ȥܶٸһʾҶϼ˵
¡ҶҪ֣ѾˣԺ˭Ҳ£ȫɱ峤Ϊѵü
ҶϻкܶʣǣȻѾˣҲͲˣŭЩ񣬲ȻԼôĶ֪ǵ͵ɽ߻ʵԶɹܲ
ԣҪ֪£ôѰͻƿڲǣʶ̸ǱȽǢġ
¾ôˣϣҶҲ˯һȾΪ˰ȫҶϺ͹ֵҹֱڶ̫˲߳˷䡣
ǣո߳䣬ͿһλСӵײײĳ峤ļУ峤ˣˣֳˣ
񣿡ҶһãȻΪںηʲôأ
֪ǵһʿһûпɣվ˵
ǺǡԴˣҶϺĭȫ֮ԱǣĶܴôƫƧĴׯҶϵļƻһУʧЧˡ
ôô¶أ
֣峤ֵĴб˳˭ҳˣ
ţгˣСӼæص
峤ĿⲻƵɨҶһ̶ۣ̾һ˵˲ëҹģǾǲ
Ҷһʱסˣ峤Ǻˣۼ峤Ҵ뿪Ҷ˼æβ󣬸ȥţˡ
ţڴͷ峤вǺԶʮң˾͵˶ţУǳԺӵʱ򣬾ڿ
΢΢ͣһ½Ųͳ˶ţС
̤ţһŨŨѪζʱҶϲϸٿһλʬ壬ʮңԴ룬˰ȥˣȴЩ롣
ѪȻ̣ǣӣѾѪȾˣƤ·ѾѪˡ
Ҷϻǰϸ˿ڣѵ˿ں룬Ǳĵһ㡣
񡭡ȥ뷨ʦ峤æ
⻰һڣһСӣӦŵԺӡ
ⲻʲô֣ɱģҶͻȻ˵
⻰һڣϹŵһλŮˣСӣʱٿѯʵ񣬶Ҷϡ
ûȷɱģĭظһ顣
ˣ峤ɵĶҶϡ
ǿ˿ڣõӿ˵ģʲôʲôɱˣõô鷳ôҶŴڣŲӣ˴̨ϸۿһӡ
ǲ뿪䣿Ҷϼ̶ʵ
ǰϻˣʱҺͺѾ˯ˣһϵĸŮص
ûеƣҶϼʵ
ڴ˴ׯƫƧڶûϵ磬ǰú͵ơ
ûУ˯ˣŮ˺ܿ϶Ļص
㿴Ż˯ˣôᱻ˿ͷأⲻǺΪɱˣһ˯Ů˺ӷֵأ峤ʵ
ģ֣ҶϿ϶Ļص
֣һ˲䣬˾Ҷϣϣõ
Ҷüȥһ̶˵㣬ѵûŵһζô
Ҷϵѣ˾ȥţŨŨѪζУȷʵζֻǺܵܵ
Ҷʿ˵ϸţ̶ڵϣѰһӣȻڴ·һ㣬ȻѾյòˣǣЩġ
ҶָŴף˵𰸾
˼æŴȥܿ㷢Ĺؼ
ţҶָŴ̨˵ѪΣ²֮󣬽ʬᵽ˴ţԼͰ˱УԻǣŽʬӴƵ˴ϡڿߵ·ѪҺʪ͸ˣһкܶѪǣʵȴȻ෴ֻвһЩѪΡҶһһɵ㡣
Щɵһ𣬾ĭĿɿڴˣҶһܾˣûзһ̽ϰ
Ҷϵ˵޷죬ҵ㹻֤ݣ֤ţʲôɱˡ
ܸǺΪô峤ʵ
Ҷҡҡͷ̶صҲʲôɣô֪˭
⻰һڣ峤ɫѿˣȻ֪˭˵Щʲôã
ۼ峤ˣҶһæصǣһҳף
˻棿峤ҧгݣħӵĿ¡
պߵĹʱ֪˭ˣҶϼ̶ص
˵˵֮󣬾ͻȥ˾ȻȥͶ̥ôԺУһĻ
ʦˣʦˡ峤ϵ˵
Ҷ˳ȥԺгһλߣԼʮңһѳ룬˿ȥʹ޼
ҶϼˣһֲһĸоָоϾϤʲôطǣһεѾ˺ܶ飬Ȼ黹ǵãǣϸڷ棬ָоһʱ˵ˡ
Ƿʦһĺ⣬һԻڡ


275 طëҹ
ѵ׽ҶƳһۺ۷ʦ
˵ʲôﱾʦϼһ㱩ĿĶҶϡ
û˵ɱ˺ðɣҶЦһĿ˸۷ʦͷţٴӽſͷѰʿƵϢҵȴë
㡭峤֮ˣɱˣ񻹻ή٣ݺͻëҹһأ߼թĺ
ʦ˵˵ֻ֣Ҫʱ䣬Ǹʱ䣬סɱǲ٣峤
ҶϽ峤УͲ³ϼһȻ򵥰ȻԴʦ壬Ѿݺ磬ϼһһ־ǣѵʲôù£˵˾Ļĺ֣
¹ǲ֣ܰԼ͸һѣǺϹ֮һҵɱˣ޻֤
ͣ
һ˲䣬˶סˣҶȡְɣû֤ݣͿʼҧˡ
ǰɣٸݱʦҾɱ㣡΢΢һ£ͺ
ǲݣԼֹݺ磬ëҹЩˣҲɱģҶϺη壬۶źߡ
۾˵Ϲëҹ£ͱʦûһϵǰд񶼿ˣеһֻɱǡϼһ޿̣
ʦ峤һ
ϼһͻȻˣ죺峤ҡ
ˣ¾ô˵ˣڣץףԻˣ峤
Ҷа֣֪һëҹ飬ǣȴӵȷëҹˡ
е񣬻᲻
ȵȣ뵽ˣҶͻȻʶһ⣬ëҹǰϿͼƬȴһǰƬƬϣҶϿӰԼеޣ
һ˲䣬ҶͻȻ֣øˣǰʧĴӣȻǰͼԱĵл˵Ƭ
뵽ˣҶϾԼԴʹˣңëҹ˶ˣǸô£˭Ūȥģ
ߣ˻һĹѵЩûһúúõģǱƭˣ
뵽ˣҶֻܴӦ峤Ҫ󣬼̶ĭ͹һαëҹ
ϣ㾿ʲôﶼǹĭ棬ȴҶϴеĿġ
ǰ磬㲻ȥ׽ɣôô׽һãȻ
һֻһֻ׽Ҷϻص
ǵԶԶأһĸǣһֱһǧҵľ롣֮У˾룬ȻطˣҶûз˸١
Ҷһ·ɱӱ޵ĸʱ򣬵ëҹʱǾķ֣ëҹȻкܶࡰˡȴʬûʲô
Ҷˣĭ͹á
Ǿķ֣Щڽͷ߶ˣʮа˾ŶλҲ˵ˡ
ϣǻǾ뿪ɣȻЩûǹǣҾطˣﲻǸĵطĭЩˡ
ʵʱӵԶԶֹһˣҶϵ򾲣Ҳʼˣðɣ֪飬ֻһ·ߣ׽ף
һ̣Ҷ¶˾ģݺ׽ף޷֪﾿ʲô£뵽ˣҶϴæŶ뿪ëҹ
֮ǰлصݺ磬ݺ磬һŨĺܲʾʱпֲܷ顣
ҶϻصׯֲѯˣȥߵļУϸ˽ʵʲôҲ֪֪ţȥȥˣȥʲôȴһҲ֪
ţҶҪȫӵϵ飬Ӷţ뿪пʼѯˣû˿ţ
һҵһλСӳˣñֽдҼţȥ˷ʦУ
ʦסˣʱλߣʩͱ峤ˡ
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ϵĴССĹײģģ峤˵ţͽҶϴ˶ţС
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Ұһ£ҾҪδȻѾȷ˺ܶǾڽգ峤˵

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276 
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ȥưɣɱ˺ˣĭæ˵
ҶƳһĭĭɫ΢죬˸տʼϻûпʼȴȥˡ
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Ҷ˷ٶһʱ˵ע⡣
ʱҶƳһۺߣһɱ񶾵ĶҶϡ
ޣҶϣСӵţʦ˹Ҳһֻԩһˣ۷ʦ
Ҷϰ̾һʵԩκһˣȻܵĻô
ҶϿЦ֮࣬Ŀ˸ͻȻ嵽ϣŲĴ˵ֻ˵۷ʦ󣬵ǣҲû˵һ֣Ǹ
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ҶǧҪɱˣׯల£ѵ˵ô峤
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ȷҶϻص
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ȻҲȷɷǣҸȷһ֣ԣҵ׼꣡Ҷϻص
ìܵ˵ϣô˵ԽԽˣĭһãȻ
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ˣǰëҹҪĶǣëҹһ塭ǵǰ۷ʦʼľ
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ˣݺëҹͬҹ壬ʶݺĴ񣬾ͼȥëҹ֡
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ΪʲôҪأʲô£ҶϾûкܶδõ𰸡
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Ŀǰ˵׼Ҷϻص
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ûУֻײײҶϻشҲʵڣԼȷûжٰգֻǲ²Уһֶѡ


277 ߳
ʱһιȥˣڶϣҲǻɷˣҶϷֱĭ͹֮󣬱һȥ˶ţļС
Ҷϵţеʱ򣬿ܶѾڶţУԺӣվ˴
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ɢ˴񣬾ֻʣҶϺ峤Լţļˡ
ҶϺ峤˷ֱڹײĵԣţļ˹ڵϣһֱֽǮ
Ҷ˵ɷ᲻ˣ峤Ҷʵ
һԷģ˺ţļˣڻ᲻Ѱָͺ˵ˣҶϻص
⻰峤Ĳһ£ȫǽһˮһ㣬Щ־塣
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ʹʱҶͻȻ۾Ŀ˸ĶŴ⣺ˣˡ
˻һ峤վֵŴ⡣
𣿡ҶϵҪ󣬶ţļӿʼС
ţôܶǣǹ¶ĸԺôţҶϵĻʱ鴤ˡ
ʹʱԺ˽ŲͺԺбܣÿһνŲ̤ҶϵĿϡ
Ҷվ˴ڣĵȷȷһֻԺܲأûģǣȴнŲǹΪ֮˵ģ
ҶϽƳһֻһĨЦֻǶţǣڶţҵԺУɺϡ
뵽ˣҶһ̤⣬վԺУΪҹլΡ
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뵽ˣҶ϶˵ðһߣٶȷɿ죬˳ȥһʹֻ
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ЩҶϻصӣȴĻɷ
СʱʱҪȥˣҶϿ˿ֱɷǲˡ
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Ҷ϶˳ӣ˳ȥԶͻȻһֻɫķˣ϶һλСӣԶȥˡ
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ûҹ嶼ʬ塭ëҹҲʬ塭ʬ£ʬص
Ҷϸľôȥ֪ͨϢĭҪʬɱˣ뵽ˣҶͻȻɱȻʬʲѲˡ
żŮѾˡǺǺǡҶϣͻȻЦˡ
Ҷ˳ĿȥһȺӰӣΪ׵ļλУץŹĭ
Ҷϵһ¾ô£ԴǧٸʺţûһôʧܹȻʬһ򽻵ôãûз֣
ͻȻҶԶĿ⣬̼ʧɫˣë¡ôܣ
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Ҿһֻ׹ˣҲһΪҳϵĲ¡Цˡ
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ǰһص
ǰȻǰô֪ǰҹαʬģҶĿзһ˿Ƶʹ


278 ʬ
ҶǸʹͲҪ˵ˣëºôãȴʬʬҲͰˣϾҶҲһʱʬǣȴĿɳ𣬱Ҷϡ
Ҳܺ棬㾿ô뵽ҾֵģһİһҲɻҶϵĴڡ
Ҫ˵Ҷηִ˾ֵģҲѣһҶϽݺ磬Ϳ˴ڴͷֽǮëҹԣҶϻ˻᲻ëҹ뿪ΨһһˣȻë֮⡣
£Ҷر˴ˣһ֪˵سǻ滭ҶëҹЩĻ񣬿ɶǻ滭ֻģʶҶڻɷ֮ҹɹȥ۲ˣù׷ٴˣ˶ţи
ãǳãҵȷëҹ˼Ķ֮һЩȷһġĺֵܣë£˼ĵڶʬص
ôΪʲôҪôҶԻˣȻëҹˣΪҪӱʬأ
Ϊ̫ųˣҪǿߣֻǿߣʸ棡ص
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һ̣ҶͻȻˣΪë֮ᷢ仯Ϊһֻʬ
ûֹɺϣµһ塭ȻջΪõһҪǼ˵
ҪʲôҶһʱԻˣԼõʲôȻЩʬˡ
Կף򵥵Ļص
ԿףȥԿףȥ磿ҶͻȻˡ
ǺǺǡԽԽϲˣģ֮һ˼룬һֻ˼ʬص
ҶôйأֻЩˣҪõԿף˵ͨкԼȣõԿ֮󣬵ȵųֵһ죬һȥ磬ҪȻ˪Ͷŵİ
Ҫ־͹̫ǿˣȥ˭ȷ㵽ʱ򲻻ᷴڣص
ҶˣһȦӣع鵽ˣҲ˵¾Ϊ
ҶϻȻôһЩʩҹʬӣ
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ΪƵʬ˼룬죬ңҲʬҲһ졭ص
Ҷˣԭֱ˼ʬ˲֪Լʬţ֮Ի֪ԼʬˣҶˣҪͨҶƽϵʬϣţȥ֮󣬲ȥҷʦˣȥҶˣȥ·ϣŪˡ
˵䣬ëѾץĭ͹ˣŵģȴֻΪļλݺĴĶ֮ǰëҹʬ
Ҷʹϧ񣬶ë¡
ë¼Ҷϵ񣬲ɫ룺ҶϣеԿףܱ㲻
Ҷ⻰ͻȻЦ׻˵ֵܾѵģǶˡë£ԭӽӣΪԿף
Ҷϣǲͬ࣬Ͳ̸ʲôֵֵܲܵˣҲ㲻æǶǹȥˣͬͬΪıǸΪͲҪЩˣëº˵Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ΪʲôҶ˵񣬶ë¡
ΪҪɣҪë»ص
ɣǺǣôҶƳһë¡
Уֻе磬ʿֱܹյ˽磬ֻʯвУʯ磬ʵ̫ˣë»ص
ðɣë´磬ڽһ磬ӽҸ۶壬ӽ󣬾ǳˣҶ˵ţеıͻȻһתԼ½ǣնһƬ
ëһ̣Щ룬ǣܿˬʵЦˣҶϣҼӣţ˭ɱҶϣҾɱ˽죬˭ɱԣë
Ҷ⻰иӵ㯣Ҳһӣһ֮ҶϽתĭ͹Ŀӵȫǰδеɱ
ǣӽҲһĻᣡҶ
ë¶һ˿аЦȻҴӦ㣬ͲŹǣȰſ֮һὫǻ㣬һͷ
˵˲㣬ĭְɣҶͻȻ
⻰˵꣬Ϳĭ͹ˣͬʱʧˣֵʱѾվҶϵߡ
˲ƣë¾̾
û˲ƣҶЦ
ôܣŻ˵꣬һľ֡
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˲֮Ҷһ꣬޳ˣĭ͹ԶƤëʮ֮ڣʩչôһΣ˲Ƶľ룬ûҶϵİٷ֮һ鼱֮£Ҳʲôˡ
ëĭȻ޷ʩչɹֻǣ˭Ҳ벻ַ˼䡣
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ҶͻȻЦеıâ˸ǾɱһѪ·뿪
ԱϣҶϵһȥϾëйֵ飬ѡ˹ʬʣҪëĶࡣ
Цһë£ཫʲô壬ɱǸãҹζ࣡
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䣡
һ죬ضɽҡ֮Уײһ
ҶͻȻ۵ĲҺһʮಽʺѪҺ
ʬʣҪɱǽɱӾͻὫʬΣëͻȻ
ǣʬʺһҲںëµĻʱһιóѣͼɱˡ
еͷ֮ϣһֻһֻĺӰӻζԭⷨУĻǣһֶ๦ܹ
ͷ˵壬ǹģȴ˵꣬һֹ࣬һ
ʹʱˣ˫ֺʮʮָͷͬʱȥʱʮ⣬ֱ̼ͷ
˹ĹɱҶϡ
ǣӵʮ⣬һ֮£ɱ÷һ̣÷֮УǧĲҺ֮
꾪ֵһע뷨ķһˡľ֮󣬾ͿЦɱˡ


279 
۵óûܵ˺˺ǶʬûһӰ죬֮࣬˹ɱҶϡ
ʱĭˣӺϹѧ˲ٵĶа棬Ҷ϶мɻ䣬ΪҶϵĵˣɲ򵥡
ʱͻȻһȽ١ͿܵĿͻȻУ֮УֻˣǻûʵģҶҲֻǿӡ
ʵȽаһ֮һգ۵ĹУ뵽Բһǧ׷ΧڵԹ飬޵аΪá
ʬʣֱҶϡ
Ҷ϶˵׾һдҲˣʬʶ䣬ǲôʬʵĵУʿѾͨڵĳ̶ˣҶδͻͨڣҪͨʤ޴Ķˡ
ԣһף÷
ʹʱһ̶һգ۵Ĺ򣬻ͷߣˣɱҶϡ
Ҷ¼ˣӼæˣͬʱöͭǮͬʱɳȥ
ʹʱĭĶ鶯ˣһ˶ϣһ㣬ͷϡ
СɽͷȻмܲסЩţǰá
ҶϼˣзãöͭǮԱǵķλͻȻʬʵͷֻС̫͵Ĺâ
а֮µıǹ⣬͵Ĺ⣬ʬȻ»Ҳ̫ܵ˺Ȼʩ֮ͭǮͱ̫ⶾĶˡ
Ҷۼ걻Уһʱ·ʹ߶öͭǮټеʬʵ۾ϡ
һ˲䣬ʬʱյĲ۾Ҷҵ˻ᣬͻȻ͹ͬʱĭϳ
˺Ϲһֻ۾Ĺ˵򵥵Ķˣ׾ٵıҶϽһ
𡭡ʬʱһͷײöͭǮ۾ɱҶϡ
ҶۼԼͭǮѾƽ⣬֪Լ֣Ҳδɱʬ꣬Ǵ
˻һĭһһܵÿ죬̼䣬ڰΧȦӵıԵЩΧʬ
ҶǿŽУУһлЩεȥǿ֮ۼĭ͹ǲͻΧ
ʱʬ෢ˣ÷һ鶯ĳߣһ֮£ȻҶڵλãˮйͨ
Ҷ϶޿ɶ㣬ֻǿӲĽС
ڱ÷ӴʱҶϲҺŵˣʺѪҺѾȫȫ˽µء
Ҷ෢ˣ²һţصķ֮˷Χˣеı˸գ¶ԣ֮ͷҷ
Ҷϳˣƾ͹
һʱ⣬ͱⷴɣһգ۵Ĺ򣬾ͱճһڵĺ̿ȻȷڻƾĹ֮£ȻûƤѹͲ¡
ʱӵıˣָǾˣŭһ⹥ɢͷȴͻȻһκһ𣬶ںϳɵĹУÿͷһֻʮֻۼĺɫէһۣҲʲôͷˣһţһĶ飬Ǻ֮ʱȫ˴֮
ǽ̿һʬʣָָ㣬ҶϿ෢͹ˡ
Ƕ˵ðʮöͭǮ׳ȥͬʱĬзá
ʮöͭǮһ֮£ʬܣԶʮ޷λչʬΧС
ʬ쳤ХָһҶϣʱЩ÷Ǻѹѹһƣǧ꺿УҶϡ
ҶҧͣʯΪ׮ٰ˹
ҲС󡱣éɽһ֡ꡱķڹڵʱʯһʯϣ۵Ʒһ·Ӵ·ԩ꣬˹塣éɽУԵصλͼΪ׼ʯڳķʵеģ·ǻͨеĵطѹڴ··λͨʯ·ߣȻĿĵһԦ׮ҲǿС꾭һֵ̳õľģǣǵãĺ׮ӣڴ˴תǸһǽԼԹվ쳤ʹͨǲǶҲɶ
Ҷ֮ʹô󣬾Ϊ˶Ըǧɶͷ֮еĻǣ֮󣬾ЩӴʱͻȻ˲Ƴȥ̼ڰ⡣
ʱٿЩʯ·֮£Ȼ˹ڰ׮ܿʼת
ˣҶһ֮ǰΣǣÿζʧܸˣΪûжԵʣ벻ڶļ֮£ôµ󷨣ͱڳˡ
Ҷ˷֮࣬ɨһ꣬һľݣڵأ
ҶһСүֵʱˣ
˵ţģ֮ǰ׳ĶʮöͭǮͻȻâ˸һ󷨶ʱˡ
׳ءרķסۣҹֻҹģ˹ʱҹշΪʮ˸֮Ϊʮޡÿްɸǣ׳ءĲڶΧ28ͭǮΪһٵġʮޡͭǮԱԽ׳ءһ롰ļ󷨶Զûʲô˺ֻ𵽽ãʱӶĴС̵ĸߵͶ
ʬλãһƬ⸲ǣͨ⣬Կȫ
ʬ㯵عۿܣͨĿ£ܶһͻ׳أĺܲҡ
ǣҶ֪ʬʣԶԶǲģΪⲻô׳Ҳֻһ裬һеİ󲻹ơ
ʶҶðһŻΪʮСţֱ˶ʮͭǮ֮ϣһʱ֮䣬ܵʵʵڵĻ⣬һʬҲŲһΪƾ
ҶƳһ۹󣬼Щ飬ڰ׮Ӹǻûҵ·ٿʬʣҲԭضţ׳
ҶĿͶë£վŵһȺʬȴҲûг֡
Ҷϣ߰ɣëͻȻ˵ˡ
ҶϴʱӣҲ֪˵ʲôãȻת˹ĭͻΧĵط
һ˲䣬ҶϳͻΧ֮أðŻ棬Ӿʹһͨߣ
˼æӦŵǣܵĹУҶ˷Լ˳ʱһĴûдĿѾ֮ͨʱˣȻˡ
Ҷҧأ׷ʬһҴڻ
ҶϣȻҶϵ˼սȥڰҶϣΪܳһǧףҶϿ˲ƣ׷뵽ˣ˵˵ͷˡ
ʹʱֻʬΪĻˣͻȻ˳ٶȷɿĳҶϡ


280 
˵ɱҶϳ׵ɵˣ⻹˵ãȫͨѾʣ࣬ǿ֧һ˲ƣںͻ˶һηȻ˲Ʋˣʱ֮еĶӳʬʶԻ룡
뵽ˣҶ϶˵߲ǵһǺƶ˲Ƴȥ̼䣬׷˹ĭˣ׷϶˵ʱҶϴһ죬׷ˣ
ˣȻƣĭ͹۾ˡ
ʹʱв֪ʱһ˫צӶݵܻˡ
һ˲䣬˱ץҶ¼ˣ벻﷭ϵͨľԻ˵ٶȿĿǰ״̬
к˲Ҫ֣ۼץǣŴɽȥˣû̶֣һ
ץˣԽɽҹ֮һɽϡ
ۡ˼ͬʱڵϡ
ҶϷӦ죬һȻ֣۶Żˣȴʼߴˣ˾ʲôΪץȥأڰ·϶ǣѵҪڴ˵ؽǣ
뵽ˣҶѾ˾һս׼ڷеĹУҶѾָһЩͨ
㲻ʶˣͻȻ˵ˡ
⡭ǣҶϾֵŻˡ
ʱ˱ģرһλƯŮӡ
ëҶϺ͹ͬʱ
ңǻôëգ۾˵
ãôʬʵˣҶԻ
¡ëʼЩΪѣֱҶ׷֮²֪ԭ뿪壬峤ӰħĶԻˣֹͱ峤ʩŪһֻˣ͸ʬΪǳͷˡ
Ϊʲô徿ʲôҶڸм֮࣬Ի
һıʲôҲҲûиҡëһ̶ص
ıҶ㯵Ķë
ʹʱëͻȻҺڵϴˡ
Ҷһסëëôˣ
ҡ䣬䡭Ҫȥˡǵ䡭ëǿžʹɫһ˲ɷס
䣡Ҷߴ
ʯͷҲ䡭Ҳ䡭ëǿžʹ˵⻰ƿҶϣԾնȥˡ
ҶϵһëûɻʧˣвǸζ磬ʼջк˵ĹҲˡ
뵽ˣҶϵöˣǻôһĵѣëȻȴΪɱ˵Կ
椺ƯأѵһȣĭͻȻ˵
ĻѶѡҶεƳһĭ
ðɣϲ㣬ΪôĭҶϡ
˵Լ̳ôҶϷʵ
ȥ˭ϡĭһۡ
˼죬ǺǺǡǻǾ뿪ɣЩ׷ˣһĽţĴ棬ôǵһμ
Ҷϵ˵ͷ²ôֻܵȴ֮ųֵʱ跨ʱȸڴ˰ɣ
˴ɽҶϵһ¾Ǵһ绰ѯӵιû°ɣ
ʦúõô⻰ڵ绰Ƶʵ
ֻҪþͺãëµʬأҶϼæʵ
ߴߴĺܾãŻصʦ˯ˣȥһʲôû٣ʬ岻ˡ
ûˣھͻˣҶϵȻ֪ëǻԼ뿪ˣë¶ٹ˼һЩ飬ȻӵİΣʵѱϡ
磬˾Ϸɻϻȥˣʬ飬ʱôˡ
Ҷ뿪Сʱ֮ë²Աߣɣ
ģ˭ߵġӾôǵ׳զ죬Ļ棬ѵģҶҲ̫ˡʬʱԹ
󷨲ҪƣԴһ۷ë˵ţʹЩʬ뿪ˡ
ʬʻЩη壬룬̽Եߣ׳صʱ򣬷ĵطȻûһ㹥ʱһɱ㣡

˵ҶϣڶǾͻص˹ڹһûзʲô⣬һ͸Ҷ㹻Ļа꣬µʬʲôǣû㹻ʵͱȥֹˡ
ëȻҶ˪Ͷ䣬ȴ֪ƽ⣬󣬼ǵɽ𺣣ҲҪȥһ
һҶϾͺĭһչˣѾԹˣҲͲٹּɻһЩˡ
ϻǻǣǿ꽡ǵĹҪ˫ޣȻҪӱСģһС޷λ͵ԼɱԼˡ
˸ȥ·˴ԣȻѾûʲôܣǣ¶ԣĭɫЩ΢أ
ҶƳһۣһѪ٣ѹĳ嶯Լ彻ϣǲƣʱ򣬾ͶһΣգԣֻܽ⸣Լȥˡ
աϻʽҶ֣ؿĭһ̣ԭʼĳ嶯Щʧȥǡ
ܿԭʼĳ嶯˳æ۾ȥ׳ȥ룡
ţҶĬͬʱĭʮֵ˫סҶϵӡ
ֽܷܷӴҶĳ֮ʱȫһϺĶգһˮһ㡣
ҶϾǵˣȫһǣѾһҲܷר
ĭ۾ʼĬһ
һ˵ƣĳƬɱѪꡣ
أ˶뾳ˣǵʶУԼ˵ĻǣسˣͶ˵̬ȫһԡ
ԭʼ֮£Ҷϻǵһ˳ȥ壬ţֽĭĻǻشо˳
һȫĳ㡣ԣҶϵĻǣ˵жˣҶϵʶУѹĭȫ
һĭҲ뾳ˣ֮ش
ĭݺĽУҶϵĻǣŶ룬һĭ塣
ţֻǲ־Ķڻǽ֮гˣʲôϺƳȣʱҶϲ֪ԭ
СʱôȥˣڣһХ˲ΡΡıһ
Ҷϻ۾һ˿̰һ㣬뾳ɹˣ
ĭ۾ɫЩҪ˵ȴԼڻ״̬ʱЩˣ̫һʱߺæ·һβˣ
Ҫⲻ˵ôҶƳһĭ
ĭ˵ţཱུĽŲ뿪ˡ
ҶƳһĭĵطһ̲ˮвһЦٿԼɶͱĭĶˣһ̲ɢڵذ


281 ٻ
ҶϾȼˣȻʱֻһˣǣлЩţܾʵ̫ˣĭ֣òƻһֱĳĹ
뵽ˣҶֻεƲƲ죬ȻѾˣʲô˵أ
µ£ǵһΣЩΣԺ󲻾ͺ£ϰˣȻûˣ
οԼҶϾͳţһʱ䣬ôһζˣʵ˭Ҳû뵽ƽҶһ¡
ֱһ֮һ˾ĴҶ񾲵ţò԰
죬ҶϺĭո꡶ϻ¥жҶ϶Щ죬ٴ·¥ȥϾܾöûзˡ
¥ҶϾһľȣþöûк˾ϵˣ⣬Ŀˣ⡣
ҶϡǵôˣʯԣǸ󺺣ǸкȥŵĴ󺺣ȴĵ̣ҺӶˡ
ס֡ס֣Ҷϼæ
ҶϵĴ𣬶˼ͬʱסˣͬʱĿͶҶϡ
ôˣҶϼæʵ
ʦ񱣬Ҷ˵㲻˼ͣǲҪӲǹһֻܴġȻӡੲݵĻص
ţ֪ˡҶϽѯʵλ󺺡
ҶʿҼ㣬м£󺺻ص
ʲô£ҶϷʵ
˵ʱ֮ڣϵκţκŵ㣡˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
ҶһãȻҪûʲô£ȻԴǼ֮Ŷ̬Ȳǣʼһλߣûɻ
ѵǸʲôͷƶȣҪҲııҶ뵽ˣͻȻЦˣ̫е˼
ϣҿ㻹ǲҪȥˣ㲻˵Ƣرһáν黢ĭæֹ
Ҷüû˵ЩɣֻһײУҶϲɵɨһĭ
ĬҶ˵һȥɣǲıı֮ǰҾܷҶһŻص
ĭ仰ʱ򣬱ȽϸӣҲû˵ʲô
ҶƳһĭоЩ֣ĭѾֹһֹȥˣһǵԼİΣˣ˵İɣȥǣҪȥܣ
Ȼʹûж˵ʲôҶôǷ͵ʰ˼·ʹ˶
һģһҶϴӹŹض룬ǣˣںЩʱˣŹؾȻӰӶûмŶӵĹҲûһֻ
Ҷˣпʼߴˣ˾ڸʲôȻŵĹûˣˣ
ʣҶ̤˹Źأ֪еʱ򣬲ſһȺʱ۶˭ʲô
ҶƳһۣһҲʶü̶ЦҽҶϣǳ֤ʿҪ˾£и㣡
ȥ˾°ðɣȥɣȥɡһλ˵ţʹһţȥɣڹŹسֵ㻻⣬ûʲô£
ҶƳһ˵ߣ΢΢ЩģǣȻ;κˣ뵽ˣһԾŹء
ǣո̤УĹҶϻͷʱŹصĻȥ·ߣѾȫȫıպˡ
ҶͻȻʶˣһǳˣɫպ͹رճȥ·ߣҲ˵˾ûһֻ뿪ˡ
£һ£˵ûжٿˣң˾ĹԽԽ٣΢΢ˣ
ҶΪרϻн¸ˣˣŹؽճ֮ţѾһʱˡ
Ȼڷ⣬ǣΪʱȥֻܼǰ
Ҷû߼·ͿĹ˹ŹأЩ߾ֱĴڡ
ҪȥǳȥЩֺֽУҶʱ򣬼Ҫȥ
Ҷϸȷ˾һʲôˣǴҴҵó绰æͨ˴껵ĵ绰
껵ĵ绰źţȴҶûн飬ҪҶϵʱ򣬵绰ˣڸʲôߣҶϾͳ
ﰡ绰ʲô£˶û¾͹˰˵ţ껱Ҷ˵绰
ҶߵĲ߸ߵľֻҪˤ飬ǣָ߸߾֮ͻȻʶһ⣬Źؾͱùڿ껶ˡ
ҶϺʹ껲ٴ򽻵ˣȻ˻޶ȣǣʼȴҶĵ绰
뵽ˣҶϸȷ˾һдˡ
Ǻ˵ֱκš
һȥκŵľ飬һ·СܣٶȷǳĿ죬ʮӣҶϱͨ˱˰վʯԱߡ
ʯʱ򣬷ЩԾûһͶ̥Ĺûһֻ
Ҷ˳κȥܿ쿴һϵıӰһڴǰһ
ѵҲˣҶߴһȥ
û߼ͣ˽ŲΪǰ·Ʈˣͺ·ͨãֻҪ˳ɡ
·ͨѵҪɵˣҶߴ
ʹʱͻȻʧˣֵʱѾվҶϵǰֻҵľ롣һǸ⣬ĬҶϣˣҪǰ
˵ţкҶϸȥҶһˮ벻ͨź«ʲôҩ
һҶվʯԱߣѯţֵأͦϲǵģ
ȲҪ˵ʯ۾Ĭͨ龭ġŽķԸ
ҶҪΪʲôʲô
ǣƳһʯʱͻȻȫһɾˣţر룬̼䣬ʧȥ֪
Ҷϳ˯ȥ֮ʯ֮ϣʯϣһλ꣬Ҷϡ
ĿĶʯһֱۿȥˣҲû̧ͷ̫ŴĿⶢʯҶϻһԣάҹʱ䣬죬ڱ۾΢ЪϢһ롣
ʱҶҲչ۾Щ㯣սӣŻصţղš
û£㿴֡
Ҷˣղŵļ䣬ôһƬհףȻһῴԼʲôģʲôˣ
뵽ˣҶľګŵԣʵţʲôˣΪʲô˾һжˣ
ˣˡɡŻߵκűϣһֱǰ
Ҷ˳ָȥʱ˿ۣһλãһ澵ӡ
ǿ쾵Կ֪⡭㿴˳ˣ˵ţһҶϵͷ׽˿쾵
ʱ쾵ȻϹ⣬Ϲ˸ͬʱسһţһŹ쵽˼ͼΡ


282 쾵
쾵ͺ˼ĴĻӻسӰӡ
ҶôҲû뵽뿴ĵһ£ȻǴ껣쾵ͱAVĻˣ껵ľ䶯չڶ˵ǰ
޶ȡ޶Ȱ˾ȴ£Ȼ˾֮˾֮ųɤӴҶϸұ֤ʱǴ껾ǰһᵱɱҲᶪѪϴ輸ꡣ
Ҷھ̾ͬʱȴһ⣬֮ôŭ˾ʲôˣôʲôأ
Ҷϸ뵽ˣ쾵֮ϵĻ棬ͱ仯ˣռڿ쾵֮ϣаЦţɱɱܿӵˣ
⡭ѵǲռˣҶߴ
Ҫ˵ռȴҲǸ˲ţеޱ䣬Ҳ֪ô쵽ģŻص
ＸûһһˣѵҲˣҶЩԻʵ
ҵܴߵģȥμ֮սˣŻص
ǣҶȴĿû뿪쾵쾵ϣͺ˾õɭɲʬҰ
ǲɵǣҶϿֻڴӽ֮ѰұҶʶһ￴ʯֻ
࿴ˣҧ촽ոջԼߵĹţ벻ܿͿô˵һĻѾˣʿƽ⣬飬òˣ
֡ûжٹϵҲôοһ֮ǲ֣ҲҶȻսǣûи֮ǰ׵Ĳ֣ɲС£Զٵġ
ȫ磬ֻһܽͻȻص
Ҷ͸ԻˣôʿȥˣΪʲôҪô˵أ
Ҷϣ겻£ƹȨ֮ˣͻɲռż˵
˭ƹܻһ˵ûڤƹܵʱأҶһֵӡ
ʵҲߴأŵ˵ʮ޶ˣǣôûвսǼһΪʲôԼиӵԻˡ
Ҷ뵽˴껣쾵֮ϣгͬһĻڹսҴԽսԽµļ
ſ棬׵ıˣҶϣ벻ôųˣǰǸز£ںͶͬھ㣬ܵȥˣ
ǰǰ˭ô֪أҶϷһۣ׷ȥǰ˭
ǰǡǰ˭ҪҪѾʿˣ磬ĿǰܹϷֵľֻһˣ㿴ôɣһ٣Ҷϵ֮úĶˡ
ҶȴӺˣѵԼǰʲôòϣʿһУǧţѵôٶȣԼǰй
ţϣܸңΪʲôҪ£ʿҾһѡȨɣҶҪһַʽ̽Լǰ
й¶Ҳ£͵Ųռ㱨ɣͻȻص
𣿡Ҷ㯵Ķţ̫ѵʲô¶֪ˡ
ûռķѾ֮û㱨Ȩڤ᲻Ź㣡ŷʵ
Ҷԥˣ黹׻˵ҪͻĸοȨڤ
ˣ͵Ϲˣʿ֤ӰЭΪõôŵҶϣһʧ䡣
Ҷ̾һǹҲùܣҲùˣһ񹲷ߵʿֻµʱһ·ǧĵ͸
ðɣұκȨǣҲ㿴ǣҶƳһš
ڵ˵ͷ̶˵ľˡ
ռǧ껱ǹǼ֮ԣռɾ֮󣬾ͺ͹һԣʱܳ˾Ͳͬ࣬ʱҽϽڤϢĻᣬڤլʺ˵ҲкֻҪ£ڰɣſʼǰˡ
ŵĽ£Ҷϲ֪ᣬ˾Ҳûʲô֮Ҷ˴ˡ
ǣʮڤֻأ˾飬ڤܵڤһְҵڤƽϢˣУռΪΣ˺ͣ˵õڤʶǰѵΪڤԱͽ䵽صߣʦү
ڵʦүʱ򣬴Ѿȫ˴ҲûˣʶĻᣬƺأ̤Ͽر
ʵڲռ̤Ͽرʱҹʮޣʮ޾Ѿռӵÿ죬ɥ֮֡
ţżæϢУ鲪ȻŭеĹҹռ
ϲռ˻ڤʱرһٵóѣĿǰڤѾڲռСţռһзĿǰͳѾԶˡ
ҶһľݣûռһϺһľ֮ǰȻйνӴû뵽ôĻȻôأλΪɣ
ͬʱҶҲһⲻ˵ԭڤڣԴʿڤҲ֪˶ɱˣȴδڤ
Ҷϻе˼Ȼһ̾һ̶˵ȷ˲ֹһҲųǵʱͦ飬λģô쵰ֻҪ˾ң˵ʲôأ
ҶˣԭڤĵλҪߺֲܶ࣬øҶʮ޲ˣôûгϢҲܱӻһλŰɣ
뵽ˣҶа̾ٳȻĻడŵԸû淴飬ֻҲǹ˼Լĵλɣ
ǣһҶϻǸ㲻ʵţڤʲôѵɽô
ԵΪһԵǧȸߵһˣûɽ磬Ҳ֪ǣڤڤ̸ܷ飬ͱԶˡŶ϶Ļص
˼Ǹ߸ϵڤֻһ鷲˶ѣûȣôȸأҲֻˣҶں֮£ʵ
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ҶЩдԭ˾ҲûһģڤͺܲΪ˰飬ԸһУ⡣
ҶϣʲôżҶû˵ʵ
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Ҳ밡̫ңԶˣҶһ˿㯣ʵ˭ͻȻһ񣬷ӦһǺܺðɣ
ֻҪʹл֪ǰ㹻ɣЦ
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ҶǼµĴ֮Уʵ飬ں棡
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Ҳô˵ǿһЩйӴͨһٺǶԿǣڸЩأ˵
⵹ǲǾҪˣմȨЩĹӦǴǳɹҪ٣ҪߵͶ̥ҶĿ˸
Ȩı˽Уһڷˡ
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ŻǷˣ˵Ļ᣺ͲҪ˵ˣԭ⣡
ҶϿЦѣ˺Լֻиȥ룬ȻѾӦˣͲȥܵΪԼƴһѰɡ
ôҪһʲôȥջЩأ
Ҷһʵˣʲô壬ʧ֮󣬾ͲŻ˺һУڤͷˡȻʤˣҲӦ쵰ȥ
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бôΰ飬ҶҲʼˣǱ˵һ¶ĳˣͻ벻һЩ뷨֡
ҶвкܶϲĵҩôԵҩΪջ󣬿ʼ˾ȥܿкܶĹͶҶϣˣЩûһսĹܶ඼һߣʱпĹԵҩǿ壬ܴ̰
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ᣬⲻҶϵԸĳµʱ򣬾ûа;ϵʱǺҶϾ뵽Լвǻиϻô⹦ʺ϶ʱͽһͶļֻ
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ҶϽ˾µĺĭӣԼһ꣬ѡ
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ŹͷˣֻܽܳߵĹѹͳҶεƲƲ졣
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֮ϣҶΪ˱һѵͷԣһ٣ٶʹ÷ϵľƱƳȥˡ
ѰһᣬԼ⡣һˣЩˣûнһɢˡ
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ţһָ̼ʧӰ٣Ҷϵһ˺ͬʱһ亹һָȻƽˣǣƽ֮õʵ̫ˡ
ԭȴ֮˵ӣĶԽѭУ֮˵
֮ҶϵľѪƽһָʿѪ֮Ҷͨߣ侫Ѫһ㴦еҺԪĶࡣֻǣһʿѪΪѪϵһһ跨֮Ѫ㹻ʿٻˣҶʵڲ֪Լܻþãǣһָʵ޷ƽ⣬ֻˡ
ΣҶܵ壬ںϻûȫϹδƽȫĿǰֻˡ
ѪһָʱҶϾԼ꣬һ־һ˺ܶࡣָоһʿǸܲģǣϻҶ϶ԣ΢ܸܵ
ҶһۼԷΪʿѪķɣǸˣȻǺأǣһǧѷĺûᣬǿĵˣȻá
뵽ˣҶһѷ֣ͻȻУžıըˣĽ˰Χˡ
оƷʶǿ󣬿֪˵ĸˣҲòȫԸˡ
ЩͬʱȻģǣڸ˶ԣȴҲԶƽȽɡ
ȻڸƽʱҶϳ룬ͨ۵Ļƾڷ֮У˸
⸮ӦһѵķȻ޷ڹ˼ҶϣҶڼ̵ʱڷʶǷùȥˡ
ۡ
һҺƾײڸ˵ϣһ˲һӡ
⸮˵֮󣬳һԾգƣҪӶݡ
ǣҶһһأһߣһ˲ƣ֪ĵطͻȻžӭͷһȭϼ壬Ҷϲûʹúֵֻܴһȭ㽫˵ͷ­ˡ
Ѩͷϣͺ˵̫Ѩһһ̫Ѩǻ٢ҲΪͬĵҶһȭԴˣô죬Ҳֻܷɻˡ
ɱܵĹһһֵҶϡ
ʵݵĹϵˣ˭ǵһֶӣȻλڴ޸֮£ǵڶǣǵһޣǿǵһй٣Ȩŵһ޵ôҶϼţ겻Ҳܵ޿ƣһҶɱ֪
ҶڹĻʱŲʣʲôһô˾ͺӴ칬һ㣬ֵعͿһ޸Ҳҹ˽
ţҶĿ˸ɱâͻȻ׼ڳʮλϣεķѾһĹɱһɶˡ


287 
ʱҶϣһɱһ㣬˸âһһıƽЩ
ʮλһʱڣ˷ӦһٳˣǣȴҲûӶݡ
ҶϺЩҲͰˣ²ߣҪѪսװȻֻв󣬼ȻЩһﲻʶʱ֣ԸɱҲɱˣµǲĳ˵սûӢۣеֻˣҶ϶ȻɵӢۣ뵽ˣеıͻȻâһ׳Ļⱦ̶һ̳źХķһֱʮλ
䡱һ죬ıڴʮֻλõʱͻȻըˡ
һһ̼֮䣬Ļ⣬ͺܵǿĹһƬһƬˡ
ģⲻܵشˣǱ۵ͨըˣԱըʱĳ統ǹȥ
ЩһƬһƬڶ»ķҶʮֻϯȥ
һ̣ŹطԲ׵ķΧһ˲û죬ͺϽͣȻȼ˻
һ£ĻУܷ
Ѿ˵ˣ˵УЩһǣʵȴġ
ʱ򣬿Ҷ΢΢һЦ˼ЩͻȻʧӰˡ
ڻɢ֮󣬿ʮֻڵϴѾյòˣҶ¶һ˿аЦûЩһȻҶϵı⡣
ͻȻһһֻһֻĽһߵĹץͺֽһ㣬ֻʮֻ
ţĿ˸󷨣˵﾿ʲô󷨣
Ҷʿ֪ʲô󷨣֪ǹ󡭡һλˣæص
ǣһ̣ҶϵһӣѵǲռԲģʮֻҲڲɣ
ô󾿾ʲô֮أ
أؼڰģùĲ϶԰ɣʮԣǰϵе߾ܳΪ׮Ҳ˵󷨣˺͹Ѱ쵽
ᣬԭʼɭֶƽˣû˲֮һֻϵ߾ȥңһֻǺľһѪҲδҵ
ԣҶϲž󷨣ǧ껱裬Ҳǲռˣ
ʵˣռҶѾ뿪˾һ󷨣ҪǿҶϾ֮⣬˳ĵڤıʱҪһҶϣҪԼˣֻҪҶϵϣֽţҶϳΪһ»Ұ
Ȼֻǲռ쿪Ҷ˭ҶȷؼǣǿʿѾõʿ֤˾񣬱˶޷赲ĴڣȻʮ޺Ͳռڡ
Ҷ·һ˿аЦûоԵĺˣҶϣһֱΪһˣǣʵȴǣߵ죬Լֵȥ˶ڣʶκ˶˽ĵģҶڡ
ʱ֪˹ҶϵȻ󷨣Ҳֻвˣ֪ƽ⣬ƽ⣬ĻǲҪĺá뵽ˣҶϲûǳĵЦˣȻռܿıλһ·ϣõĶˣҶҲԼʹһӡ
뵽ˣҶŹͻȻ׳һֻֻ׳֮󣬾Ͳƫе·ĵһ֮ϣҶһ̤˴˹ϣӴ˹һ̣׳ڶֻڶֻ˵ڶϣţҶͻȻһԾվ˵ڶֻϡ
ʹʱһֻͱˡ
ҶеĶͣ׳ֻ̤ϵֻ壬һ̣ڶֱֻˡ
ѭҶ̤ʣµİ˲󷨲ӣɹ뿪·
ǰĻһҶվʮ޸ۡǰǲʹ÷ģǣҶԼҲĿǰ˾Ѿңûʲôضԣʶֱڶ޸ۡ
ǣҶôҲû뵽ǣռ󷨣͵ҶȥǣҶû߳·ֱӷԾȥһվ˵ڶ޵ĸۡһռĲõĵڶߣͱҶƻˡ
Ҷվڵڶ޸ۡſڵʱҲЩԴѾʧˣһΣֺ͹Դһɣ
飬Ҷǰȥкˡ
ڶ޸ۡλڰѳŵ񣬵ЩҪնɱҶعصʱˣס֣ⲻҶôǾҵҶǲ
ŹòѾֹһڶ޸ۡˣֻǣ֮ǰĿǰڶ޸ۡҲˣοһ̤ڶ޸ۡ᲻޸ۡ
Ǻǡþò޻ðɣѣҶЦǺǵĻص
ҪȵȵȣȥͨһɣŹЩΪѵĻص
Ҷ룬ھɨһܣķ֣ܾȻʱĵڶ޸ۡѾб˿ˡ
ȻҲ֮е飬Ҷʱ򣬾ѾµˣһҶϷִ껷ڼӴ˵ɣռɵԸ񣬶ȻŴ껡
Ҷ뵽ˣеʿ֤˳ʿ֤ڴˣѵǻô
Źٱ鸴ӵҶһ̶ۣ֣ȥɣ
ЩõóһҶϾ̤˵ڶ޸ۡ
븮ۡҶ϶ʱľѣ޸ۡѾʵˣܷЩҲûһֻˣӴԺӣѾ˺ɫֲܾöû˵ӣǽǴǰ׹ۡ
Ҷһ̤ȴֵڶ޸ۡЩԺͻȻˣΧסֱֳУĿⲻơ
ҶɨڻԺһۣûлԺóʿ֤Ҫޣ
ʱԺĺ󷽣һλŮŮɷ׵ף׺Щ֬ȥ졣
Ҷһ۱ϳ˴ŮŮǴ껵λ˰Ǿɨһ۴ŮҶϣʿ֤Ҫ껣
껵ȷܽеġҶϣ˵ˣӽټ㣬㻹Ǿ뿪ɣ
Ҷһķŭͬʱʶһ⣬һαȹԴĽֶҪܶడԴҵȨĹڹ껶ܼˡ
ʿ֤Ҷ֤˻Ρ
˾ң˭֪ʿ֤ǲģ㻹Ǿ뿪ɣô˺Ůص
ҶϿЦȻ˰û֮ǰʵѾײڵ׼ˣ⻰ȴһҲ⡣
ǣ´껼Ǻã
ҶϲˣǼ˵ͨһҪ̸
ҶװĽɵƵı飬ǱŮˣ˵˴޲㣬ʶľ뿪
ҶƲƲ죬ʹ˶֣Ůɱˣٳ޸ۡס껵ĶǺ˼


288 Ѿ
ҶϺǷŭһĨɱͻȻ֣ĶŮ
ǣҶһȻŮһ˿Ц⣬ͻȻʶһ⣬ԼıŭĻᣬǴʱ֣Ȧס
ǲְɣ껵涼Ҷѵʱ򣬾ķ֣ЩԺԾϸٿѽˣԺһЩСֲһԺӣ;òԾأ
Ҷˣҵ껣ѵҪԼ˲ռҲ˵һͲռεĹϵеʵȨͱ˵ˡ
뵽ˣҶЦЦǴ껽ģȥҶ˺ܶ࣬˻⡣
Ҹմ߳ѵһ֪껵˼ŮһҶϡ
ҶϷŮ˾Ųʮڹ⼤ŭԣϣܸŮһ쭵Ļᡣ
ٶ˵һ֣ҵɱ㣡Ů
Ҷ沿鴤һӣȴˣ߾ߣߴСӣҲˣ
˵ţҶϲĵת뿪ˡ
ʮ޵һ·ɱֱκţһ·˳磬ʮ֮Ҷϳκڴ
ǣ̤ŵĵʱûһײѲĹһʵʵҶĵػͶ̥ĹȺУµĹ۲죬һٶֻڹж٣ȷǣλУֻ¹һǧɣ
ô죿Ҷҧǣһ·ǧ谭취ʱһֻףһˣ
⻰һڣһλһ˲佫ĿͶҶϣһλҶϣ;Ҷˣ
Ż䶨ֻһ˲佫ҶϰΧС
Ҷϱ¶٣ҲͲˣӹȺл˳ƶŲĹУѾһѷˡ
ҶˣɱһֻͷĹһЩһӵϣ飬۷һ㣬Ҷϡ
ҶһɱһѪ·Ȼ޷κţͰ¾ģзըγһǿĻ⣬ҶڻУһ·ֱײ߶ʮһȳκ㡣
ЩɲҶϵĶ֣ķըУشͨһκš
ʱλˣЩһǰ׼Ѫڷ֮ϣһ˲佫ˡ
Ҷϼæ㿪Ѫһճϣͱ뿪ˣΪѪԼƷϣܷӡʿķ
ʱҶϣǰййһƶĻᶼûУ⵽ڹļл
ҶһûˣĿǰΨлƾ֧һӣǺ̼䣬ȫð𣬾ͺһһǰɱȥҶ֮ɱɱʮףˣֻҵľ룬˳κţǣԽǰԽ˴粽еĵز
л⻤壬ûиˣȻô͹ķӣҶϾͳԲˣƾĵͨһĶ࣬ÿˡ
Ȼʹʱӹгֻĺڰ޳޳ֵʱ򣬹Ǽͬʱסˣսĳ˺ڰ޳
ҶϣҪѾ˵ţһӣһߣͻȻҶϡ
̵ģپˡӾôҶһˡ
ȻһĴڣʵڰ޳ǲ£к࣬ͺ񾯲ʹǹһ㣬Ҷϲ˼ӹӵĵһι
ɿļͻȻúһתۿʱֻ޳Ѿıϡ
Ҷתһ䡱һ죬ӷॵĽȻûһġӣϹ汦һܿϣͱˡ
ʹʱǸӣںڰ޳еһˣͺǴһ㣬ʯƾҶͽ͡⻹ֹأһˣסҶ֮󣬾ͷֲˣһϸ˿һӣҶϵȫסãһӾͻݽ塣
ʹʱڰ޳ͬʱʹһҶϾԼ꣬塣
ӣҶϵϡ
ҶϼˣڲУֻҪˣȻ˽蹫õޣɢûˡ
뵽ˣҶͻȻˣˣǵҶϻһ񹦴ûʹùûǡϻҶϵĻǣ뿪֮ͻȻųһӣ˺ڰ޳ɱȥĹУǱޱȵǿĸλûһֻô
һͻȻ嵽ڰ޳ߣɱһֲȭͽڰ޳ˡ
һԺڰ޳ˣҶϵҲͲˣһλɣǣҶϲðԻ״̬սôĹǳ˻ʱʲôأ
뵽ˣҶһ֮䣬Լ壬ŶǰĹأһ
һ۵ͨԼǺ˵ģ׵ĳȣһ⸲ǵĵطһ׵Ŀȡ
һȥһһӵÿ죬ɵͭǽһ谭ʱһ϶
Ҷ϶˵ֱ壬һգ۵Ĺ򣬱㵽ʯ֮ԣͷ·ѾһƬ
Ҷϳغһ
ˣզˣžͺһ㣬ͻȻҶϵǰ
ܾöûбŵҶϣŵóһ亹ţɶʱܲǰ˵˵ˣ
ðɣզˣżʵ
Ҷϲҡҡͷһʧ䣺û뵽ǶԸ֣
Ⱑ⣡ͻȻñ
Ҷȴбһţ̶صûʲô⣬Ҵ⣬ʤ죡
⻰ͻȻĿ˸ĶҶϣȴ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ҷˣ̫ŵı仯Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Ҷʧһ̣ŶҶϵı飬ȴͻȻâ˸ҶϡѾ
ҶƵƳһţԼҲоˣΪϳҺŨһԣֻн֮ˣܳ
԰һμʱ򣬻ߴ
ҶЦˣԭ֮˵Ĵڣһ֮ѪзԼȴнٴȥˡ
̫嶯ˣŵ֪֮󣬲̾
˵Щˣ취һҶϼæ˵ҶʿȻ˵ڵˣ겻뿪壬Ҳͱ齩ʬˣңḯһΡ
һ£һûȫ⿪ʼãɿݣǽǶôֲһ¡
㲻ٵôŷʵ
ֻܶԻЧЧҶˣ벻ԼƵĵҩ٣ֵԼҪˣȴһ㹦ЧûСͺЩ̣һ뷽跨׬ǮԼʱȻɵйʲôأȥ
ҶĿ֮Уǰδеıˡ


289 ۵
üͷĬ˰Σ˵ҵǲɽʬ߸࣬⵽ɱ
ҶĿ˸š
֮ˣ٣ѵû˵ôʿ޵֮ˣҪɣҪ׽ٵİŻص
ǡô˵٣Ҷϼæʵ
кܶ࣬񲻾ǰ߾ͱٽɱˣǣһδŻص
ٺѵһӴľ𣿡̸£ҶϵԼĴˡ
ѵ˵УһάƽĻ֮񣬿磬ƽ⣬һ֮£ӲķۣŻص
ҶˣһѵУëµʱľˣ֮񣬹ֲţǴβûмʩչ취һɱǡ
˵Ǿ֮ˣһһΣͻᱻ֮ϣһΣǲ˵֮񣡡Żص
ҶεƲƲ죬ʲô֮˵ɣһĺúõأŲԸأ
뵽ˣҶϼæ˵ţͱʲôˣ취סҵɣ
ûй׽㣬㲻Ǿͻôŷʵ
ҶϲˣʵЩ̫ͨˣһţ帯ˣǻ˸ɴһ㡣
һųƤңҪ뿪ģͲҪ̫ںˣŰο
ҶϸǷŭŶûˣĻʲô˼ǼŵôţӲܻ٣
Ҳûˣŷ
ҶЩȡ
һֻǳ£ⲻʲô˵ʱЩˡ
ҶϾпʼˣ⻰޴ӸݣҲֻˡ
Ҷ֮£Ų˵һ˰ɣӳǣڰ޳Ź㣡
Ҷæлӹҩһˡ
ӾסˣҶҲ˺ܶ࣬ϾԼʱ䣬ʱ䣬㹻һЩʹˡ
¾ôʱһ䣬бȻԽԽĹ룬ǣȲռʮǧ
һºҶʮҲСɣǣ²ĺŻ㱨ɼʱһϢκšռʱڤպʽʱڤı
ΪʲôʱҶЩ㯡
˧ӡ֣Ȼʱˣڤ˷⽨ƶȵĴķʽԣû˧ӡΪŻص
˧ӡȥˣҶʵ
⣬ڤѡͶ̥ȥˣڵڶڤεĵ죬˧ӡͱ˵ˣŻص
ҶͻȻˣֲһֱûзʱԭûдӡ
ǣȻŧҲڵ̶ȣŻص
ǴӡӦҵӡʱͻкܶҳϹͶҶ룬ص
ɫЩɡ
ʹʱ㱨ˣţš²ˣռųڲ켺ǼǵʱҪʵִͳ
ҶϺţͬʱվЩ֣仰ζʲôζΨһûͳεκţڽѪϴ
ĿͶҶϡ
Ҷҧ촽ֻʮֻһǧ޷ս
Ҷϻشĺܿ϶һǧռİٷ֮һڲǵ˴ܣʵ֣֮սϣǾɱ˵һȨ
ǿǺãҲýˣȭĥơ
ȥɣûж֮ǰȥɱҶȭͷ֪⽫һô嶯ľǣ»أһѵĹܾôɱˣ
Ѿˣ㿴һָǰĿ
쾵ֳˣǲռһֻϻǧںƺƵκɱ
һ·ϣõķߣЩɱĿǰʮӾɱڡ
ڣżæˡ
ԣֻʹҴҵıκͷʼ󷨣κŷˡ
ҶҲһ󷨣ӦòٸһǵĻûİɣ
ΪԷһҶϻǽԼĶټսƻһһλ׼ʱӭս
ɵʱ򣬲ռѾɱڴǲռ󷨣ͻȻһơ
һȥκŻζͺͷʮϵĵһ㣬һоۣ󷨻þκŶҪˡ
ҶϺסΣĿͬʱա
̫ţҲռѾ¹ģȰ㲻ҪνͶɣһն֮⴫˽ʹκſռ
ҶɨһţȻЩսƻˣҪһ˼
üͻȻռӡ¹ģˣ̫ŵһ
ҶϾ⻰˵ĻǺмģûֱӷռӴӡ֣һ̸еķʽ
ʵҲôģҪռһᣬҶĻᣬʵھͺˣϴеЩһڶܳȥսˡ
ţ֪ҽڣʱɣռص
ռ̫˾һԾŶԳеģֻҪܵõӡǾ⣬̫һЧ㡭ص
ȻŶô˵ˣǾóЩɣҪҶСӵ㽻ҿԸȴĻᣡռص
űҪȴҶϵסˣĵſŶߴ䡣
üͷ΢΢չЩǵҶϣҶϣ᲻̫ðˣ
Ҳˣ԰ɣҶϻص
УԲУˡ
ʹʱĲռˣλȻŲʶ̧٣ɱȥ
˻һٹ֣ǿˣһųһ飬Ե䵽ǰ˵ڣԴƣһһӴ塣
ЩදˣһĽ壬Ŵ˴̵ʱ򣬹ôһ㣬ʼǿйˡ
䡭䡭䡭
ϵһһĴκҡҡ׹ʱٿκţһŻиڶŻڲͣҡڡ
ҶϸоεЩͷΣЦЦȥˣͽˣ
˵꣬ҶϱһԾգд˳ȥȥʱ
Ҷϵʧ֮žͺˣռˣҶϵĶԹûʲôϵѽҶ׼ǵ飬ԼɣҪų㣬óӡɣȻҲǳصģ
˵꣬űתȥκţԱߣӣˡ
Ҷϴٹ̤ƣһӺ˲ռͷ
۵ˣĳˣȥɱɣռһָգʱ


290 
⻰һڣռһ˹̧֮УһλӴĸŮէһһɽģҶҪٿò֪ǲռķˡ
ڸŮֵһ̣ҶͻȻԼڣѾȫƵȻзļҶϼæתͨ
໡Ҷϣ벻ﻹɣ໡ɱһΣҪɱʮΡ˵ţɽһӴ壬ͻȻҶϡ
ҶȻŮǶôʵҶ֮£֮󣬹ƻЩ䣬֮ͨûȫָ
΢ĳƬ̣Ů˾ͳ嵽Ҷϵʮ֮ڣʱҶϾĵ̵λͬʱҶϵǰҪŮƴ
λŮֱˣɽһ壬ײλϣֻʱҺźɳȥ
ҶϵһòñǰǿˣæһԣǸӴ壬߳ȥˣȻɲסţ˰֮Զ룬óҶϴĹ֮С
ЩһӵϣͺŮ˶һˣһҶϾ˿ӣɨһ۲ռһ﾿ʲô̶ȣǧ껱ʶһأ
뵽ˣҶֱɱ˲ռбâ˸û׳һĿ⣬ֱӴӲռͷȥ
ֱ벷ռֻһҵľʱռȻ޶ԣҶϼҪ룬Ĺ౻ռˡ
䣬һ֮󣬽Ӵ˲ռͷ֮ϣǣڱͷ­Ӵһ̣ͻȻռͷһϣͣͷȥˡ
Ҷͨת¿ǣһжͽͣʹʱռһХͷıըˡ
Ҷܵɣ첲һʹ˳ʮ׶࣬վʮ⣬Ѫγˡ
һιУ֮Ĳ࣬ԳˣҶϲ䣬ƾʱչһɱȥȻҶϵЩΪǾеĹڲռǰͺͼһ㣬ֵһᡣ
ҶȫðŻ𣬾ͺһһ㣬ڲռһҵʱҶȫһ̳ǣռаЦץסһ죬Ҷһıر۶ˡ
ռ˫ָűһ뽣棬ͻȻҶϡҶȫ϶ϽֱҶϵ塣
ۡҶˣءڵϹ˼Ȧӣס
ҶϻվȽڲһ̣ᵽͲռ֮Ĳжˡ
ǧβܽ
һ˲䣬ҶгżϼһʯͷԣֻŴˣȴ˲ˡ
뵽ˣҶϾǴСǿһɱ˲ռ
ռ¶һ˿аЦһȭҶһδˡһΣҶҲûվˣڵãȴʼ޷վ
λ౻ռĹܻˣһߣٶĹŮɱĻһˡ
һսۣҶǰˣҰܵúܳס
໡໡ռЦˣΪҶϻĵǻвǣȴôҲû뵽ԭ˵ŧ
ץȥųԣռȺãҶʿǽӽͨڵʿɣѾӽˡ
ǾѵĲƷԣ˲٣Ϊ
뵽ʿ⣬ռ¶֮ԣҶϰץߣͷ⡭໡
ʹʱȫӹţӲŲһҶϣͻȻĿһţĻͻȻ壬һ˲䣬˫ȭͬʱڲռǰ
ۡռھͷſˮʿʱͻȻ⵽ǿĹӻͷ֮ϣˤ
ҶϵĻǼһóѣ˵ǧѷĻᣬֽϣ̶һ̽˲ռ壬ַɿ죬
ۡռҺš
һ̣йסˣôҲ벻ҶϼٽԭΪ˽ӽռ͵Ϯ
Ҷɱ𾢣ռǧƬȻɱַݣϽâһӶͷ룬ˣ壬һΪ
ȻҶ𾢵ʱͻȻһ䣬֪Լˣһһٶ죬͵ϮŮظһӣǺźΪ𣬽˺СˣһȻɱŮġ
ŮһҶϵظʮȭÿһȭȥҶϾͺֽһƮһЩ롣
ҶϼȴϱŮԶˣԭϷģǹ塣ˣ⻹ֹأŭıǣռˣӣۿɼٶںˡ
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ţ˴꣬ˮڹϣһֻֻĹ֮䣬ɢ
ǧᡭռһɫһ˲ɫʨޣܣܡ
ͷԣ˵ĵ֮УԶԶعۿߡ
ʱĵطЩǱǧеģһͻɻҽˡ
ź˾ķûйµǧᡣ
ŮӦٶۣýҶϣʹʱһǧŮĶͷϡ
ŮŶͷůڿܣͻȻůԺηæȥöͷ
Ȼֲʱ򣬶ͷϵ⣬ֱ۵һƬ¶ɭɭ׹ǡ
ţɱ㣡ŮͻȻ󷨡
ŮȷкȥÿһƶʱܿƬ䡣Ȼ󷨴йܲˣһһʮа˾ŶŮϣŮԽǰԽǿֻʣһ˫ӣӲһ··ˣ
ռվ֮⣬ߵһУĿ˸
˵һ̣˵Żʨһɱˣ尡κšɱɱǡ
ЩڴһˣǲռҲһκˡ
ʹʱŵڹһҶϵ壬ץĻǣһ˲ʧӰ١
ռɨһ֮УԼһȥˣӣûôף
˵ţʹֱκͷ֪κͷһͶ̥·ԩŴҶϣһ뿪κţ


291 
ȻռʧˣͶ̥·ڣվƺЩζͶ̥·Ŀ粻ţܣöûзʲô쳣֮
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ڲռһȺԩ·ʱ򣬺ܶոأͻɢˡ
ţռҳԼϰʿԭΪһǧᣬǽʱˣܶطѾӷˣǣʣĲǧᣬ㹻ϰֻ
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𰸣òռˣԩʱ׷ԼЩ꣬һֻ
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ռڤ˼룬ܽӡ䣬ǣڤת֮ʱͻȻ

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292 ˽ᷲ
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ҶŵĽͣһԼʲôƨڤתŲ뵣ôصΣ
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ĭȥģҶͻȻˣڳȥ޿粻ȥأһ£񶼺Լûжٹˡ
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293 
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Ǿˣغϣ֮һȥ壡Ҷ˵꣬ĭļ򣺡Сĵ㣡
ĭͷӦŵ̶صҲҪСĵ㣡

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Ҷ϶үӵΣǳĸлһسǣһȥ϶ҪȥؼҵģԴ˪֮⻹һλصؼңѾˣ
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˪˵⻰ҶֻܿЦҪү
һؼңʱѾˣʱڣҶϲ˺ܶ࣬Щ˶ǲģˡ
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ؼҵүŹȣش˳Ҷˣˡ
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үӵ̸ǳǢǣҲҶϿһλʿһ죬үܽһ仰ϣүүһ仰춨ܾܲȳ˪ֻܿԵҲС
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ȻҶȥˣ˼룬ԼԼУΪҪ𣬾ܱϺ˵˼ͬˡ
̸һӣҶϾ͹ƿ⣬ѯƼҵˣүүƼˣǲǻǰӣ
ȻҶָǰһƼ۲һƣ֮ƼҽΣ𣬼ڰڿȥһϵʲ
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ƼƲˡүˣүӵϸҲΪƼҾѪŬһ࣬ǣй˾Աĵڿ˹˾ʲʮλԱЯߣƼұҡҡ׹پķ粨ͲòƲˡ
˼һֹ˾أҶڻƵԼĵˡ
ʧܣ˼ǺвŵŮˣǰ˾·˵кˣһŮ˼Ҳ˾ȥˣˣƼҴԺЩˣ˼ءүӼص
ҶͻȻɫ䣬Щȵʵ˼ˣ
ǲ֪˵ǰϲùӣԼϵǷݼҲүӻص
Ҷһóֻһβ˵Ǹ룬ǿպţ˼Դǰ뿪ҶϿʼͻ˵绰ˣѾˣһֱûٺҶϵ
ҶϺүһ緹ؼҵ˾ҶȥƼˣʵҶлǺìܵģϾ˼ϲΪĵز
ǣĭһδζ˼ͷ˼֮ԷʵҶҲΪֻܵĭ
˼Ѿ˺Ϣȥ᲻Ϲʲôأ
˵ѾкˣǺˣȥһ㣬Ҳûеˡ
뵽ˣҶĶˣĸӤһЩӪƷֱƼˡ
ܿ죬ͣˣҶϸƼҴԺӴԺĿǰѾܸܵϢˡ
ǰһҶƺܾöûˣǽϵĻ滭ҲѾߺˡ
ҶипʱһСγֱײƮƼҵſڣҶϽƳһۣͿ綥⼶ĺ˹˹
ҶЩԻˣƼҶˣѵ˸߹Ĵн飿
뵽ˣҶͻȻʶһ⣬ѵŵ˼ɷ
ź棬ҶĿһҲû뿪ʱʻԱҴҵرгſһɡȻϵĴ˳š
ҶüôѵһλŮˣ
뵽Ů˶֣ҶϵģͿʼͨͨͣЩЩεļۿ
ŴˣӳһλŮˣҶϵ̫߱ɡţֻܿɫĽԼʮֳĸ߸Ь
Ů³֮˾æΪ糿⣬˴˵Ƥ
ǣһǱҶϣҶˣֻܴжǷ˼
Щ֡ȵȣӵŮˣмģѵ˼ҶĿû


294 
Ҷϼĳȥǣ֮󣬾ͿһλССĺӣƼұ˳żλˣһɷӡ
ҶϸܵյĲԾСӺŮʲôһ㣬ƣҪܵǰడ
һҵСӣλŮʲôޣҶϺܺ棬ͣ˽Ų
ѽǸʲô߹λڿ˵ˣǣڵʱҶϲŷŮ˼һλˣ߼򵥵ĳΪ
ҶϾ͸ˣ˼վں侲Ĺۿ
ʱСӣָָˣ̬СүȰٹƼҰĵط
вôǺǺǡѵƼûˣһδɵСӳ˵Ļص
Сүδɣλ岮ǣɱСӱһɱ
үҪɱôЩ岮ǾֵСڡ
ɱѹƼϣһɱһСŭ
ٷϻҾҪƼҵĴլӣͬͬ⣬ʦҲˣƼµǸŮ˳˺
ʱһλǰһˣƼҴլ㻹ذɣȻҵҪˣ
ŮӼ̵ЦЦƼѾˣԺסôȰǻǩ˰ɣ
Ҷˣԭ˿ƼҵĴլƼѾ䣬ݳ޵ĴլӣҲ㹻ʮˣ⵹Ҳһѡ񣬲Ƽ֮˺񲻴ϲǸүҲ֪ǲ˼ĺӣ
һǮƼҵĴլǳ˵ΣƼҵվŭ
Ҷ⻰ʱһɱ벻ǿģǿҲͰˣһһǮҲһǧһɣ
ҶҪִ£ȴ˲ҺһһСһƤɵĵԭ˲ʱСһ
˱Һһÿֵʱ򣬾ͿϵѪΣʱðǸҳˣͽо콫
˵ţóֻڲţʹʱСֳ˵Ͼһ
˾ֵܵ˳Ӻ棬绰æ绰
ҶϿв֪ʱһʯͷָһʯͷͺһöӵһ֮£ֻϡ
ʱһеֻͻȻ˻
˭˭ŭţ泯ҶϿ
Ҷһıӣ˳ȥ˴ˣҲɱ㣬֮ʧһˣһԴҪˡ
ƳһҶϣͻȻʶһ⣬ղԵĸоһֻʯͷĳ棬Ǵ˿ȣڻֻ֮ˣֻҪһˡ
νúǰ뵽ˣ˵ҶϣСӣţһģ
˵⻰Ҵҵϳк˾æһ̹ʧˡ
ҶϻͷɨһۣһλϳҶϣҶҶ
ҶЦǰкھһãȻСһǰʱ࿴ֻۡСȻֻңȴһ˫Ҷ϶ӵʱƺûһСӸеĵӡ
⺢ǣҶ϶Скʵ
СĺӣҶлл㣬ǻǽ˵ɣ˻ص
Ҷϵ˵ͷصϣƷһ̣ƼҴԺſڣվһλŮӡ
ҶϿŮӵһ̣ɵþˣ٣Ů˲˼ô
˼Ҷ΢΢һ
Ҷʲô˼ȻһҲӭҶϣǳĲơ
С㣬ղҶߵġ˼æǰľ仰ˡ
Ҷô˵ҵлл㣬ǺðɣȻˣͽɣ˼Ǹ䲻ȵ̬ȡ
ҶƲƲ죬ʵѾƼˣ˼ķӦ˼ѾԼӶˣһ˼񾲵˵һ׷ŹƼҰɣȻˣҪ£Ƕһֲɣ
Ҷϻ飬ɨһ˼ȴԼûʲô˵͸߽ƼҴԺ
İ䣬ƼҴԺԶԻǺõģ෽滹Щլ
˼֮˼ԸλƼҵкҶϣԼ뿪ˡ
һҶϵҲûô⣬Ͼ˼Ѿ˸ˣ涼Ҫעһ㣬ҲܺǰһԼ˵ˡ
ʱҶϣЩڿǸҵĺӣ̹ȻЦˣΪ˼ף
ƼңҶϾͺһƼ˿ֻ˼ǸСӣһֱҲûг֡
ҶһɢڴԺ֮У˾֣˴£øʱ뿪һʱˣĿǰֻһʱˡ
Ҷɢʱо˸Ȼתתһ̣ͻȻЦˣԭβĲǱˣλ첻£زµСӡ
ιСѣʲô֣ҶƳһСӡ
壬㲻ܽСѣ˵ˣĺѣҵý壡СӱҶϷˣץץͷһΣȴҲûӡ
Ǻǡ㻹ûлشҵأʲô֣Ҷϼʵ
ҽеأʲô֣Сӷʵ
ðɣҽҶϡҶϻص
ۣ賣˵ʿ̫ˣ֪𣬸ղҴ˵ʱôġҾ룬һҪһһصӺҪ衭ǼżϵҶϡ
辭ңҶпһ죬֪ʲôԭ⻰ͲɵЩ
ǰ壬ܽҽħķôһΪϵ񣡡һЦ⣬Ǳʹʱıһģһ
ҶЦЦֲҡҡͷͬ⣬ҵǿԽһ㣬㻹ɣ
ˣ˵ҵ¾ҪԼնĻص
ˡҶһʱ⺢ĺй̫СˣǲҪѧˣߣʿǳΣ·ߣȥ飬һˡ
壬ǲǲԸͽܣҶϲ˵ˣʵ
²ڻС㳤ˣѧ壬һ㣡ҶЦŻص
ѾˡСͣЩԸˡ
л㣬ְأôӽžûҶڻʳеǡ
˭ܳģʹʱһĻӶ˵
Ҷϼæת˼һλ긾Ůһ˹Ǹı飬ϣҲһЦˡ
Ҷкܲζʱ䣬һ࿲ɣһŮˣһңǲװ


295 ɱ١
˼ӣҶоҲûһϲɫˣ鸴ӵ˼
˼ҶЦЦСӲ£֮㲻Ҫƽϣ
ĻҺϲģҪѧأͲ֪ˣҶϼæӦ
С˵ɣˣƼҲ֮ǰˣкܵĵط㺣˼˵ǿˣǣϵı飬ô䲻ȡ
ҶϵҲûмƽϣ˵Բ˼أڶѾˣ˼ˣ
˼ƹҶϣΪȥϵĳ㲻Ҫܣôǲأȥ
Ск˵ͷܱӣǣȴҲû˵ʲô
˼ͷЦЦСкȥˡǣû߼СкͻȻͣ˽Ųˣˡ
⻰˼ɫˣҪ˵
ǿڷһλŮָһ˵
ҶͻȻȫһͨĸа֮ˣ˳Скָȥһʱȫ΢΢һƼҴլĽ֮ϣһλɫɷ׵Ůʱ۶ǡ
Ҷһ˲ˣԭСкۣȻܼ
ҶϾ˾ЦǺǵ˼ߣźӾȥɣأ
˼ɫЩѿȴҲǺܻţ˵ͷҲСкԲԣץͿٵ뿪ˡ
˼һλ긾ŮϸĶݶ⺢ӣ֪ƭˣ
ûУ㿴ǲǾվݶôСкһߣһ߻ص
긾Ůɨһݶ;ŵĸ˼뿪ˡ
Ůһֱûƶӣֻ۶Ҷϣֱ뿪ˣֻʣҶһ˵ʱŮˣ㲻Ҫ£
ҶԣЦˣ벻лһλŮأֲðô޿֣ͬˡ
һֻŮȻʲôвȷ˼ѾԶ֮ĿⶢŮƼ֮£Ҷϵ£ģ뿪ԺҪˣ
ҶϡŮҶϵĻػ֮󣬲Ӳһ£Ҳ˵Ҷϡ
Ůһ˲ĳ֮󣬾ЦˣҶʿұԩ޳𣬵ǣƼҺңҪǳ
Ҷü˸Ĺˣǻصνԩͷն˵˵˭ģ
֪õʿ֤ʿǣҲѱȰ㻹ǲҪƼҵ¡Ů˵ţͻȻҶϵǰ
ҶϲΪŵͲʿˣ֮ҶӺŮ̸ΪҶϺԼ˼죬ɱҲû£ǲСӶˣ
ԣҶں͹̸УͬʱҲѰһʤķţһȡʤںɱһֻ
ȻְҵҪɱֻ֮ǰҪô£
Ӧְ֮ɣҶ˿ûηʵ
ǸˣΪ˻ңҲƲ跨ңƭҵĸ飬õҵĲƲ֮󣬾аʿŪʮ꣬ڣҳˣֻϧѾ㴦ǣһԹҪɱƼҵˣҵĶŮҧгݵĻص
ȵȣʲôҶͻȻʵ
ҵܵܣ˺ңֽҵܱ֣ܵʳ˵òñŮ׷Ҷϡ
ȻñҶϺܿ϶Ļص
ΪʲôҪֹŮ˵ʱѾɱȻ
ؼԪѾˣҴģҲ˵Ұ㱨ˣǲǸøлңҶϹŮ׽
û˵Ҹøл㣬ǣҼĸͶɱѵˣʳˣŮ׷ʡ
Ҷһ룬ûˣǲ֮
뵽ˣҶͻȻˣŮȫ޷£һͽˣҸ㣬ʲôҾ˼һˣ
˵ʿ㲻ֹҲͰˣұһ⵽ǴģŮŭ
ҶһЦͽ䶪ԼǬ䣺ˣ
ŮǬ֮ҶѾٹעˣǬ֮зӡɣԹˣŰͶ̥
ͻȻҶƳһΧǽźȥǽʱ򣬾Ϳڶߡ
Ҷ϶˵嵽˵ߣͽܻˣĵǣҾ˺ҵѣ
̽ѣȴҶϵһ˫֣ͺצһ㣬ľסҪ˺һ㣬˼æȣҲˣҰɣҲƼˣ
ҶһЦʩ죬̶ԼǬ䣬Ŀǰ£Ψһİ취ɱС
£ҶҲ˯һ̤ʵڶ磬ƼֻΪļʱҶϾ͸ˡ
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ôͲҪȥϢˣˣʱһģҶЦ뿪ˡ
뿪ƼҲӣ԰֮󣬾ʹһŮӵ̾ϢΪʲôҪҺͺӹúܺã֪ΪʲôҪжһݵء
С㣬罫ʵɣһλ긾Ů˵
ʵҪˣһϸĸףԼϲˣԼʹûǳôȥɣŮ֮Уŵˡ
ǡǺѵҪһûˣ긾Ů˵

룬Ӵˣ˭ô˵
ˣûǴĻλǣҪȥһʹˡǼһΣգΣաȻԸ񣬶ȻģһлһиŮ˵˵ţģˡ
Ҷ뿪Ƽңֱ˪УؼҵʱүѾһˣһҶϽæкҶ
ҶϺӶˣؼҳ˷֮㱳ʯ飬뿪ؼңүǰ˵ϣӣүүĻ¾ǿһ
Ҷ϶ԣæͷǣУһ˳ܵЩ£ҶϺӿʹΪѣΪ˰ˣòɵʹУ٣ǴǴû¹
һ·ϣҶϺӾͿʼ滮֮£˳֮⣬лЩǵġ
ʦҾǿôƣл᲻ʲôıһ˵
УһУΪ˾ȳ˪һҪȥҶϼᶨص
ЩжҲЩʦܹʶ㣬Ҳĸлл
Ǻǣ˵ɶɵءò˵û㣬ҶҲûн죬ʦͽˣ˭Ҳٲ˭˵һҪͬʱҲҪлл㣡Ҷ˵ţЩһΣܾзţʼն޷侲ԣ


296 ʧ
ʹʱҶϵĵ绰ͻȻˣҶϼæó绰էһһİ룬СسǴģüͷ˽
ڽͨһ˲䣬绰Ǳ߽һŮӵļ֮žûжˡ
ҶͻȻɫ䣬æ˵ȥƼһˣ
˿ӱ޸ϵƼңֻϧƼӰûˣԺˣƾʧһ㡣
Ҷϳ˼˽˷䣬ϸ鿴֮£˵ڵϵһֻѾغͻǷˡ
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ʦ⣬˭ɵģЩԻʵ
²ӦģҶһ
ʲô壿Ӿ
û׵ģǹĿǰҪҵģֻ壡Ҷϻص
ǡô죿ӽ˵
ȥû£ȥؼҿȻϣҶ˵꣬ʹҴұƼҡ
ʮ֮Ҷϳؼң̤ԺӣͿԺд򶷵ĺۼ׷źۼһүڵϣȻԲˡ
ҶϳȥסүӵѨֻǺܾöûзӦԺֻѾǳ΢Ͷ˲ࡣ
Ҷϼˣóһ룬үӵĻǷӡУžһװãʩչǧե屣ʣ̶װԼǬ֮С
ϸѲؼңѾҲһ˵ӰˣҶаޣҲʼԼ̽ЩˣͲ£ʱôû뵽Щأ
ҶһͻȻԼϵĵˣЩʲôʲôı˪ʯͷ֮УѾˣǣΪʲôҪһ٣Ҫ˫գ
ʹʱӳؼңһҶϣʹҼ˲ˣ
Ҷϼæĭȥһ绰ĭǱû£ҶһҪ£Ǿŵǣ
ӵ˵ͷ˾ʹҴҵ·ˡ
ڶ죬Ҷ϶ڵĭһˡ
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Ҿֱ˵ˣһλȥûк˼ʲôĭƳһҶϡ
ҶϺ벻Ů˻ʳô⣬˵Ҳĭİ⣬Ů˵ǺСģ˵ҲûˣЦ˼ӦѾˣҺĺӵĺܿģ
ǲЩʧ䣿ĭͻȻЦˡ
Ҫ˵ʧ䣬ҲûУҶϵĵȷȷЩʧ䣬ǣͬʱҲ˼ˣǸСһʵ̫ˣĸоܲ
ȻĭҲ֪˼ץˣվѵϣǷǳǵģһҲܿǺӡô
ƭСҶϻص
㡭ĭţټӿ졣
ѽ׷ѽҶ˵ţͻȻ˲ƣڰ֮⣬ЦǺǵ
ĭˣڰоȻöţǵڵϣһ¸Ǳŭ׷ҶҪɱҪεĺС
һӺͼˣȫˮȻ׷϶ˡȵĭ׷ҶϵʱҲȫڴڵĺĻʲôܰ¾ô֮ˡ
ȻҲĵ·ϣһССĲ˭Ҳᵱ棬ڣһ塣
ոյǰһɽϣͣ˽Ųϸ̽ˡ
ɽԶ뿴һ糣Ҳûʲô仯˾ͳ壬˵ǣ˵͵˵ˡ
壬ȴ䱸ɭϣЩմԵСˣȡ֮ȴһ֧һ֧С顣
Ҷʱŷ֣ԭҪӵĶ࣬ʲôӣһ֧ӣ
һ֧ӣ˼䣬ǺĿģ
ʣҶϻ̤塣
ЩСʶҶϣһҶˣмλӭӣҶˣ峤Ѿܾˣ
ҶϱΪǿбȥʲô£ǴЩСķӦ峤ûд˺Ƥ
Ҷϵ˵ͷ͸λСȥ峤С
ս峤УͼЦǺǵվſӭӣҶˣ
ҶЦ𣺡ǰˣ˵䣬Ҷɨ˼ۣȴҲûзëкܲζϾëΪ˲ٿࡣ
ҶΥˡʱ峤ӼЦǺǵĳӭˡ
֮ǰҶһһǣ峤Ѿжˣ뵽˵аֶΣͲɵֻǱЦЦ
ιϼһαˣǵأӼ峤һЦ⣬ʵڿȥˣ˾˰ɣõôαô
ѣ峤ü
Ҷûֻ۶峤ķӦ
峤ҡҡͷصһʲôɣѲ
ҶϿ峤ƺеϵ񣬾˵峤ѱ˰ˣǣºûһϵ˪ΪǵĵѺѵô
峤ԽԽ㯣ͻһ仰ŲţѺûһϵˣСû뿪壡
ҹأҶͻȻ˵
ҹ塭Ѿ֪ˣûһ䣬ѵѵĻҹ壿峤ʵ
ҶϲٻػˣȻϼһҪαƣʱװŰɣһ֮£ٲΣŴ֮١
ʱҶѾˣŴ򿪣峤ʣȻ峤صȥ
Ȼų˰ߵĿܣҶԼҲòϣڼ¹磬綼ڶ
ͨ㣬ҶϾ˵ӣԺ˵֮ŵ°ɣ
ҶϵĽӺܲ⣬Ȼû˵ʲôǣȴһԸ⣬һֱҶϲʦ˵ı׼ôôˣ̸أ
ԸھͰѻ˵ǲԸʣǾͲύԿף
ӵƣֱҶϺ峤̸ܽʱĭ˵ˣӣҶϵļı£Ȳʣ˴ҵ
ľګĵ˵ͷϸһ룬ȴҲˣҶһֱ鶼ǳĴ㹻Դ벻ˡ
Ҷһʯǰ峤һֱڳĬ峤һڲ裬ſˣҶԿõûУ
õˣҶϼ򵥵Ļش֣
ſ֮գռƻǾ͵öȻſ֮ʱ峤˵
ȵȣһλѻûҶϻص
ǲһλϸˣ峤룬ͻص
ѵѾˣҶϺɵ峤
˵ѣǰģѾϢˣȻȥ峤ص
˱ãҶϴ
˵ҶϻѵҲЩץˣЩʵĺ


297 Ѫħ
ȻþɳҶϣȴһ峤ǰ˿ûһ־Уŵ
Լʮ֮Ŵҡڵ˽ʬϡ٣Ŷʬ壬˵ʬ壬ĹУȻһЩ仯ȴҲ仯Ǻܴ󣬴·ƿǻһˣֻ˵ʱˡ
ҶƳһۣеЦĸоôǿ̫ţôһ˵ڣʵ˿Цá
ò˵Ҷ£Щ⣬ˡ
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⻰˵ҶϾ֪һĴӭǲ̫һ㣬ȻҶ˵⻰˼֪ûΪšǣܲ뵽ҶʵںԤϡ
峤סһλ̼У˵Ҳйͬ⣬Ҳ֪ѾˣźûҶеĲ˵Ǹļơ
ҶϵߴˣѾֹһ̽ԵĲ̫ˣǺ֣̫ŵƢ֮ǰˣǲŭ
ȻҶҲȷûܵίһ㵹⣬̤ĵһʼҶϾͻȷûˣȻĻƢһǹ£
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ΪݣԴų֮ҶϵһֱƺţȻŵ㹻ҶϼٱˡҲϲƺһֱ
ϣ֮£Ҳ֣֮飬̫ѾˣͲϹκˣİɣȥҵŮ˵ţת뿪ˡ
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뿪֮Ҷתƻ⣬峤̸۹֮£ʱһλС˽峤峤Ҫ
˵ɣ峤ͷС
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ҶԼˣʲô˼ҪǣǹϷҶһҲݣеͺ˶һ㡣
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˵䣬ĿͶҶϣѯҶϣǲҶϽϢȥˡ
ңҶֻش֣ʵҲھأϾ飬壬Ⱳֻ¶ˡ
峤˵ͷ˼Ĭʮӣ˵ȥ̽һʲôϢһʱ
ֻСˣת뿪ˡ
Ҷɨһ峤峤³ʲô̬ȣ
ʵҲûʲôſ֪жҪʿҲ쾭£峤ص
ҶϵȻνˣʿ̰ҲˣҪȥɣҲ޷ٺûһϵңһԼ磬Щ࣬Ǻõģͺñһһֻ⣬ǻƤˣԵ磬ҽҲöࡣ
ʵеĵĻ˾һ˾һſ°ɣ׷ɱҶϣѾһˣοռǲн˼˵
˵ܲٲܲپ͵뵽ʱһλСˣ峤йƽţ
ſǺְ峤ͻȻЦˡ
ҶȴӳˣĿǰ״ǰǣлһСģͻɥ֮С
ϵܣҲöˣֵӣøϽȥմ֣峤Цڴôһһ
峤ıУҶƺµϢ峤ųȥİɣ峤ųȥôΪʲôҪô
ҶϺԻ󣬲һ뿼ǵ̫࣬ǵɽ𺣣
峤ټȥˣʮ֮󣬳
Ϣոմȥӵʱ䣬㳡Ѿվʮ
Ҷ峤˹㳡վһԹۿ峤ȥžȥˣʱǰʮӣȻ峤Ž
ҶһֱŴһǵǰɵһ̽ģǣȻռҲκϽˣǹԹԵĸ˵սǾǹܳܵġ
ֻͻڤ磬ǹ˵һֻץ㹻Ըֻˡ
ֻǣһ·ϣҶȴҲĬԣ˵һҲģǾǷϻˣУһֱ˼֮£Щ̫ˡ
ң˼ˣ˭ץˣĿǰֿܣһʬһ峤پǲռ
ʬ׽˼ǾΪԿףʱҶϽԿ׽ˣǵõԿףҲΪ˴ţһҶϻлᴳ磡
峤ȻĿǴţֻҪԼŴˣҲɱʰɣΪǺҶϵʵһˣһѵĺã
ǲռͲðˣΪֻǳҶϵģ취ҪƸۣһսҪôѡ
Ŀǰ״ֿܣģҶ֮ųռΪռжǹ£ȴк˲ռˡ
Ҷ뵽ˣ̾һԴʿһȥģûһգѾ߻˼׷
ǣҪʵִеģĿǰߵʵ棬ֱӿԺˡ
飬ҶҹѪħûзֵһƬأɽӴһƳ긲ǣڻ򣬵ǣʱգûз
ѪħŵˮԽӣ¡
Ҷ֮Գ֮ΪѪħΪصѪɫĺˮǺˮ棬ֻһ峤˵
Ҷϵͷ˿棬ˣһӦкˮǣôῴ泱ʪأ
峤ƺҶϵʣʹһţһһƬص˵£ϳһƬһ״СĶӡ
㿴û˵ɣ峤ָŵ˵
Ҷ˼æǰȥݽȥĶУѪɫĺˮˮϸͿĺۼǣȴĴ̵ˮȥǳ
ʦ⡭ѪӾ
ϣҸұ֤Ѫĭص
ѪҶͻȻȫһʿȥţĵȷȷѪһɵѪζɢ
Ҷһ˲䳷ף峤Ѿȫλ׼ʱ涼ܽս״̬
ˮ̫ˣò
ҶϵķӦҲĭӺŵһ·Ӧ˼ͬʱʮס


298 ſ
Ҷˣͬʱ֮Ѫħ֮УͻȻĳһͨѪɫһֻͷ˴С
峤һžͷһȭһȭȭٶȼ죬һգ۵Ĺ򣬾ͷϣͱôһӣŰһѪħ֮С
СģѪħ֮УͨħһǻɱѪпħǰ峤һɱħͶС˵
Сԣӿٶȣ̫СɢˣҲҷС
ҶϾ峤иԻ峤һʲôǲҪ磿
ϵܣûǰɣ峤֮תҶʵ
ŵûУֻѪħѵѪҶϷʵ
Ѫħ˼ʱ򣬾ѾڣҲźܶСֻ̽ûҵѪħԴ峤ص
Ҷϵ˵ͷкĭӺ·ˡ
·ƽһ·֮󣬾ͼʿȺǰţЩʿҲҵԶԶض㿪ˡ
ҶЩʿУϤףͱɽׯĳЩˣҶڴ֮УЩ˵ûע⵽ɣ
ЩˣҶ鵹Ǻһ㣬ϾȹЩˣٲɣ
·ܳСʱ֮󣬲̤һƬݵأ峤˵Ѿŵʮ֮ˡҶϲʿǿһЩЩܶ඼ҳ֣ϾʿͨΪߡǲУʱʱĻðһֻԴۣЩʿ͹𣬾˹Ĵˡ
Сʱ֮ڵĿĵأһƬƽ̹ĲݵأݵϳһӴʯɽ֮⣬ȥɫĲݵأޱ޼ʡ
ٿʯɽɽλѿһ϶濴һ綥һ칹졣
š峤ָһ˵
Ҷϵ˳峤ָȥһλãоĲ
峤˵ŻСʱ֮Զ򿪣ǣһգ۵Ĺſһ̣ǽԿ׶֮Уžܳʱһֱرգ
ҶͿʼ۲ܵĶ̬һ۲⣬ҶϷǱʿȴΨһһ֧վһ֮ǰĶ顣
ҶһֱڵȺ˼˱ܻ񣬾˭Ϊûгأ
һĪչʱƶдˣҶ̧ͷȥէһһˣǾʬʺëһӣʬҶϵ˵ĳȺʬҪߵĶˡ
ҶĿë£ɫһ飬ֻɨһҶߣˣȻȻųɶ飬վǲԶҲûйעߡ
ʬʣ֮ɨһߣЦĹˣ峤ˣ
峤ɨһȺʬǺܸðӣֻǱǿӭһȻĿ⾼һ죬Ҳûǡ
ʬʺײˣ鲻ǺڣҶϵԱ߹۵Ҷϡ
Ҷ΢΢һ˿аЦĿͶһ죬Ҳûǡĭǵһ˿ӵЦݣȻǿӡ
ʬʺǲĭԱ߹ʱ˵
ӷһۣз֣һսȻӡ
ʬӣһһӣȻͻعʬˡ
ʱ䣬ʿԼ֮ĶȺħƼˣʿҪܶࡣ
ſаСʱ˶ھ׼֮ʱպһһ˲䣬ռˣ̤źƣаһ㣬˵ͷţڳ֮ĿɨһȦȻվУҲ档
Ҷȴߴˣ˭˼Ϊʲôû֣ѵҪȵ磬ŶԸ
Ҷǿе壬ſ
ϵܣżҪǰ׼Կײǣõʱʱ䣬ſǰֻʱ䣬ҪڣԿ׶֮С
Ҷϵ˵ͷָָһɫͷðУںɫͷֵһ̣Ŀ⣬ͶҶߡеĲռҲ࿴ۡ
νԿףҶƸڵĹײѰõΨһһ֮ҶϵȻҲȷǲνԿףֻǣ⾭ʩģǿԱ֤ġ
Ȼкܶ˶ҶеĶǺ֣ʿ߹ʱ£ûŲֻǾվ
ʮŰġһһ֣һ֣ſʱڶ
һӣȻͻȻһ֮һ磬ۿɼĹⲨһλá
һ̣ˣһĿתĶһ졣
һ챻һУеλãͿһƣһƵðɢ֮ǴһСɢ
ҶĿ˸ͻȻסĭ֣²
£ĭ۾Ļص
ҶҲû˵ͨӦЩðУȷ̺ǿ
ʱֽܹ֮һȺδ֮䣬ȫһ졣
ϵܣҪˣ׼Կף峤ͷһ
Ҷϼۿһ죬ԽԽŨһ˲㽫СˣҲˡ
໡໡ʱԼԼħĺ֮ԼԼƴǧ֮⴫һ㡣
ϵܡԿף峤һ
ҶϷſĭ֣ͻȻһԾգٳһ졣
ҶٽһʱԼĺȻ֮С
ҶüͻȻһЩڰлͷһ峤Ŀȣʲôֻӵ̫ˣ
ҶȻתµ֮У࣬ǣΪ˪Ϊ˼ɨһһ죬У֮С
̵һ̣ɽͺǷ˵һ㣬ʼζ
Ҷ϶һǸ׺Сӣڼٵĳգ۹򣬱һ˴С
ҶɨһԼеĺɫͷٿǶӵʱѾʼСˡ
һ嵽˶ӸڶӼٱСʱ򣬽ɫĹͷ˶С
ںɫĹͷһ˲䣬ҶϿˣ˸Žɫķâ
Ҷһ˲ˡ
˵éɽУΪķҶԼʹãǣŵԭ֪ģǴͨߣ޷նɱħõķ
һıͺͷе׷࣬Կ׾ǴǰԿף
ϵˣҶһ˲ˣҲ˵峤е磬ڣŵģӦþ峤Ҫȳħ
뵽ˣҶϷ˵棬һ˲䣬һ챬ըˣɽͺһԭӵں¡¡Уըɵʯ飬ͺһµ


299 ڤת
һ˲䣬ذ޹⣬ƵеɢˣȻȴɻҳǣգԲʮ֮ڣһƬɫ
Ҷסͣ棬ȻʹʱԼϣͻȻʲôסˣҪУˡ
ңʲô⣬سȥʮ׶ࡣ
Ҷһһ̵ģȻһҺ֦̫аˣɫҺ֦һ
ϽӴɫҺ壬ؿˣһϵɫҺ壬ͻȻɢˡ
ɫҺ巴ɶ֦֮ϣףҶϡ
Ҷһһ˲ƣվ˰֮⡣
ʱҶļλʿȥģͱɫˡ
Ҷϳĭ˵ߣһߣ
ȻӣĭţӣҪӳըӰķΧڣٿ
ˣͻȻͣ˽Ų
ҶϻܣĶǳ׵Χˡ
һЦӺ󷽴
Ҷͣ˽Ųתȥֻʯɽ֮УһŲǿͨɫֱңϳĸ٣էһͺһˡ
ŵһ
⡭Ҷգ۾авãˣųһ
벻߾ʿȻûɱŲҡҡͷ
߾ʿһãȻ
ţʶֻĭʵ
ֻ˵ǵʱڱһ𼸸ӡſʼˡ
ŵĽ֮£Ҷϲ֪ԭߵȷһλ˲ʿλʿǱˣȻǸ߾ʿ߾ʿ֮ԳΪڵţʵҲΪ
֮ں£˭ɱͽ֮£·򣬾ͳһʿȥЩʿһȥŭӿ񱩵ɱˣҪɱǣ˽
ŵΪֵλãһһӽ˾ǣҲ˵ȷɱڡ
ʱһڣ˵ڴϲټ˴ˡ
Ǻĸ߾ʿڻʵǰ¾״ǰȥĲˣ߾ʿصʹڵš
֮ˣΪһθ߾ʿɱǷˣĹõԿףɼ֪ûֲø߾ʿһߡ
󣬴Ը߾ʿԸȥˡ
Ǹ벻ǣȻڶĽ죬±˳²ֻҪͿ̿ˡ
ҶŵĴں޲ѣҾŷų
⣬һж⡭Ҷϣĭǳֻͣлɱˣ˵
ҡҶϾȼˣûţȻǰͻͨڣΪʿһˣǣҲͺ峤ʬһΣӸղűɽҶϾˡ
Ҷϣ벻ӻŰɣʹʱһˡ
ӤħҶƳһۣһγˣվߣһɱ
ĳ֣ҶϷһҲ⣬Ϊȥ۲죬֮˾ˣ֪綼ֵġ
ˡʦ峤˾ӤħͻȻ
ҶϿЦѣڲŷ⣬Ҳʵ̫ˡ
μ𡭡ʱеزΰ
ˣ߾ʿأ
ʱ峤ռʬʺëµˣվһߣ˵ˡ
Ҷһ˲ףԭЩı
ͬʱҶҲʶһ⣬ߺֻĸˣ˵ټһֻӣˣ
һأΪʿ֮⣬ȫħˡҲ˵ڴھԵơ
ҲǾԵƣȺһʱ֮ˣҶϵ˿һսȷΪȣǺжһЩģܿ㽫Լ˰֮С
ûõģϣְɣʹȻҪҲû취ˣŽæŰ˵
ҶƲƲ죬ðɣԼûʲôѾĭӣ˪Щ޹֮˰
ȻҶҲĿܲΪţֻ㲷ռͳڤ磬´ҵĻﲻ
ҶϻЩҪžһΪûмˣ벻ıǣ峤û˵仰ָҶ˵ѾҵƷֻҪܶˣܳΪˣʱ˳µ˼ˣ
ǰڤѾͳˣĿǰֻҪõϵĴӡڤ罫ٻˣռĻص
Щ꣬ûñʧãҾȶˣʵǵĺͼ룬Ҳ赲˵ţҶϡ
ʹʱĭҶϣϣ飬㻹ǵôȥˣֻܺ
ȵȡĭ˵ʲôôҶץסĭ֡
ϣǵǵԼĭ˵꣬Ҷϵ֣ͻȻ֮С
֮һ̣漣һıˡͷϿʼëţҲˣۿɼٶȣ֮䣬һֻȸ
ȸҶϾּˣһ̣Դ񲻹ˣôҲ벻ԼˣȻһֻȸ
ȵȣȸѵĭеֻȸôڤ˭
ҶϲĶţ۾ľͺһ鼦ôСš
ûڤصڤնĻص
ڤҶţôܣǣϸ룬һеһУôȻ
Ҷõʿ֤עͲǷˣΪˣ˾ûзһʿ֤ʱʿΪʲôҪһʿ֤أΪݡ
һΣսŵļޣŲû˺޸һĳͷƶȣ
һΣĪܵү룬ôڤ缴һƽ٣˼伴һƽ٣磬Ҳʲôɺϣ
УΪʲôڶ̶̵ʱͻͨڣʿһ꣬ҲͻƣֻһҲɺϣ
ҶϻعԼһʱĭѾˣȸͻȻô赲˹
һֻСֹЦЦһȫ֦ͻȻĭ
ĭһҺӾһҲŲˣǧȸѹͲһεĴڣԣΪܼķӵʱģˡ
ҶͻȻ̧ͷɨһĭųȦӣĭˣ


300 
ҶһԼǲڤκ˺ĭֵһ̣еɫһѣʲôȾйԵķ
һֵĳʮңҪ֪͸߾ʿһսʱ򣬸߾ʿ߽ײķҲɫѡҶһ֣Ūò
Ҳֵĳ֮ʱҶϻӽϣһ˰ĭɫ֦
ĭᣬûΣֲİϡ
ĭû°ɣҶ˵ţץĭ֣˼ʮףһսô򣬵ǣܺͶԷӲӲʵ⣬ʵ̫ˡ
û£ϣְɣ̫ˣĭüͷ˵
Ҷҧ촽ĿĶ
ｻҴɣϸղŵ³˺ܶ峤ɵ˵
ǿ𣿡Ƴһ峤
ǣа취һһҶϣ峤æص
ðɣܻ˵ţ˺ȥˡ
峤תëºʬʣǶܻأڸʱˣ
Ҷ⻰֮оǳޣ벻ë¸ɵģһΣҲԥˣë±ɱ
ʱëЦǺǵĿ𣺡ˣ׳֮ǰҪõһ֤
໡Ǻͱ̸ô۶ë¡
ë²ңֻ˵ȥ֮ϣԼĳŵë»ص
ȥ磬⻹򵥣ȥɣܻҶϣȱɹȥ磡ص
ë¼ȥǺЦǣ˵֮ţδ򿪹
ѵƭ㲻ɣë¡
ðɣʾߣ㣡˵ţëһɫĺӣֻһôС
Ҷ֪һԼǬһһֿռ䴢ңǣҶȴԥʱǳ֣һẦ˼ȿĲ٣
ӹӣƳһۺӣߣ
ûһﴢңʾߣë»ص
ͻȻг˳ë£ͽҪɱ㣡
˵ţë¡
ʹʱëתһţڷɵӣӰ߷ˡ
Ҷϱ벻ëһһ涼³çսǣȴܽһëߡ
ǣҶϼٽëµʱͻȻëгһ𽣣ǽ𽣾âһǴԼǴ
һʱͱһؿϡһһȭë¡
ҶڿУæת΢΢һ٣̶ë£ӿнס˷ë£ë硭
ϡԲ𡭡ûɱëԴˣѪԴϳһӣʮа˾ǻˡ
㡭ǣҶһãȻ
ԭë²̰ɣһӱɱˣڣ֮󣬷ִӱʬ壬ʬҧԼʬΪľ˱
˼תˡǻĺúõأͻԼȥˡë˵仰һغˡ
硭硭Ҷ
ʵë¸ϵľʲôңֻһԥӵĳ֣ëµļƻˡ
Ҷϻطë£ͻȻƮѩҪһ㣬ǺĿӴߣȫһս
ҶһһǰȥʱĭҶϵߣϣϻ
Ҷϵ˵ͷǽزˣһɫţէһûʲôͺһ㣬ϸͻῴӰڻζ
ϻռ
ë´ˣʱ۾ѾʧȥˣҶϺĭĺ壬ȻûУһɫŵԱߣɫţһȭ
ֻǣһȭȥͺ֮УӴڿ
ʱ峤ˣ̼ɱ֮Уֻǣ֮УҲˡ
ռһɱüͷ΢壬ͻȻЦˣ嵽Աߣгһƿӣƿӣһƿˮϡ
ͻȻвãҲֻ֪ƿװǧᣬǧԸ꣬һһɱҶϺĭ֮깥͹ûʲô
Ҫ֣ʹʱɫͻȻըˣҶϺĭͬʱɳȥˡ
ɣһɱҶϡ
һҶ֮ǰܿˡ
ϸ硭ϸ硭ʱͻȻź
̧ͷһһʿ飬ڱƽΪ׵ǧСࣺˣϸ磡
֮䣬Щʿˣصһ˲䣬ݻһ󣬴Ӵս
Сһ˭ҲҺ;Կʶһ˲䣬սһΪ
ҶϼæĭĿмСࡣ
硭ˣС嵽Ҷϵǰ
Ҷϵ˵ͷлл㣡
С֮ԳҲżȻʮǰҶϾСˣʱȻ֪ᷢǣûô򵥣ʵЩһȺһȺʿСǰģʿǰѾڰмˡ
ûʿѪ壬úãúãЦţ嵽˾֮ǰܿ;սһˡ
ʱҶϵˣҲһһս
ҶϵĵһĿ꣬޷ǾǲռĭԸʬʣתս峤ӴһȺʿϻɱʬС顣
һʱ֮䣬ս˾Եƽ״̬ȻǣƣͺٽʿʶֻǺ;
ҶϺͲռսȻռһǣҶսḻݣҲܳƽ
ĭʬʶսɵض࣬ϾҲǧȸҪ΢߳ʬһЩ
峤Ŷ󣬵ǣǧľ飬Уͱ峤
ΪѾ˸ĩڣԸСʬǴ´࣬οʿЭӣСĿսƾ͸ˡ
硭硭ʹʱˣʦһ𣬹Դӳ֮󣬾Ѱʦȥˣ벻Ҳˡ
˭Ҳ벻ʦȻʿָˣڻӻӵʱ䣬ɱʮֻ
ȽϴҶϴк֮󣬾ڰУۿսƣҶһ˭ΣգԼ񽣻ɱȣһһǳھԵˣĿǰһСʱսܻĻ᲻
ٿսͺһսǳļҡ
ǣ˭Ҳ벻ʬͻȻɱУһлĭΪʤɱ˸˵ĭ
ҶϷˣǹʱ֣ҲҪռˡ
ҶϷռ嵽ĭߣͺӭʬʶһˣѣսռ


301 Դ
ʼջһӣս鲻㣬һ죬ȴôҲʹڲռϼ޻Ĺ£ʮ֮ڣѾ
ҶϽʬʣȻʤȯգУñʬʵĺţҶʬʵĻǡ
һʬʣ׹ˡ
ȻһߣȴҲ˺ۣҶֻܷĭһͨӭսռȥˣҶ֣ͼ򵥵ĶˣƬ̵ʱ䣬ռˣˣǱҶϿһ첲
Ȼʱͻʣ֮ˡ
бһĽŲƬ̵Ĺսһ˸ˡ
ˣҲ֪˭ôһսʱͣˡ
Ǿ˱һƣݣǣȷӺܴ󣬺ܴ󣬱ҪӴʮ
ͣڰУֵͲĹâڵϺɨһȦҶϵϡ
Ҷϵһٲ粻ƫƫʱˣʲô
ɵƬ̣ȫͻȻһĶҶҪȴԼȫûһӦ˵оʹΣǺͻȻưˣű˺Լ˵Լȴ˵ȷһЩǶУ㿴ˣ뺰˽㣬ǣǷΡ
һգ۵Ĺ򣬾ͱ׽˰Уʱĭ۽ǺᣬͻȻһſϣ㣡
䣬ĭգηɱ٣
ʱҪˣһֻӴֱ۳֣һԴӣӳ֮޹⣬һ˲ֻԴ֮ϵĽӲӹâ
ԴӣͻȻֵ
ഫ֮һŮ洴֮ٵӣӲܿ٣ܻ磬磬ٵأԵôߣܳΪΨһ𣬾񵱳Ůһƿ档
Դӡ˼ǧӣë֮𣡡ͻȻ
Դӣڿʱûһ㹥ģԣ׷ǧ룬ǰ
ˣͻȻһһ˲Ʈݣ͵˱ԴӵԱߣһɫӴֱۣ־ȥץԴӡ
ڿٵĻ֮񣬼ǿɱԴӣæֹʱĭѾƮҶϵߣָָûɷĵâҶϵˡ
Ҷһ飬֮еһץסĭһ˲ƣվ˵ϡ
ʱ漣ˣ֪Ȼս߶֮УصĴڣһʱ췭ظضɽҡ
ٻˣһ˲䣬Բ֮أ͵ķ⣬νķ˰ɣ
ҶϵһѵģûԼǶһеа֮һɱ
һ˲䣬ħ֣ƬײղŻںС򶷵ľӤħҲһ˲ˡ
ţħ֣һ֮仯̲ˡ
յռʱռæڤսۣȻ漣һˡ
ҶҪӶݣֹˣûõģڤӡӦӹһ٣
˵ţб˲ռڤӡԭεʱž͵˴ӡΪܹ˳ĵڤ
ڤӡ֣̽ڱˣվڴӡ֮£Ķһ١
Լӵʱ䣬ϳʿѾһֻħֵʱ򣬷Ȼɢˡ
ڷɢ֮󣬲ռڤӡͻȻһⲽӰжڤӡתͶˡ
´ӡҶϴһ
Ȼʹʱŵĳ䣬סҶϣϣܿͻǿߣ
Ҷϼŵĳ䣬ûз˵档
šҶɫӵš
һһһս˭ʤ˭˵Ҳ˵ϣǿߣҸұ֤ӽ𣬾ڵʧˣżæ˵
ǰɣҲ̫ŧ˰ɣѵһֻɱһ㯡
ɵӣÿһο٣Ҫʧȥٷ֮ʮͨǿ԰ٷ֮ʮͨսʤ𣿡Ƴһӻص
ԭһ˵˵ҶҲɵһô뵽֮󣬻˲
С࣬ʿ뿪죡Ҷϼæ
ԣС౼ҵʿȺУߣߣ
ʿԣһĶˡ
ҶϴȺٻ߰ߣ
ʱ񶯵ĵ涼ڻζܶطѾɽ
Ҷĭ֣һ·ɱ
ڣڰСʱ֮ҶվһɽϣԶĪƣһľݡ
ϡƳŲ˶ˣ㿴ѾһسΧˡŰ֮˵
Ҷüˣӳ׷ɱ˵˳ˣǣˣ˭磿
ĺƽٰϣһõԴӣ潫𣬻һ磬Ϊ𣡡ɫӳصûһϲɫ
񡭡ĭԶĿ˸һֱ˽ֻźͽأȴҺͽϵִţƽ١
ʦܻ𣿡ҧʵ
֪Ҷϱʹ
浱Ȼ𣡡ʹʱһӰһ֮£ͳڼ˵Աߡ
ʦ㡭ôһĳˣ
ʱĿһͶʦ
񣡡ָŹʦ
ҶȴһˮôʦҲһ鷲ˣŲ˵ǼùҶϵЩأ
ǣྪȵˡ
һûһغƽ٣ҾͲˣʿģĹʦص
ɡԣŮ洲֮ʱһͬ٣ѵֽѵĻ𣿡ߴ
𲻸ҵϷȴҲĲ֪жˣ˻ص
⡭Ҷһˮ
ϣδǿģĭ͵
ǶܿҶϷʵ
ûǶܿΪ㣬ûзˣ˵ҲǷˣֻǻûˣͲǷˣЦǺǵĻص
˵ָ꣬ڿлһȻеͺһۿ
⻰һ˵꣬Ҷ۾Ʊһ£æ۾۾ʱ򣬾Ϳϣ֮⣬ϲ˵ɫˣǽɫĵһɫ
Ҷϲٿˣˣĭһֻȸһ񣬹һͯӣͷϵķͣͺƲͯһĴ磬ٿӣȴķ֣һƣ˿ӣͺһģһֻǸͷûôѡ
⡭⾿ô£˭Ƕ˭ΪʲôˣҶˡ
Ҷϣ㿴Լ˭ͻȻָҶϣ˵


302 Ԫ
ҶϼæͷԼԼϵķζˣһ׹ۣͲռʱ򴩵·һģһ
ҶϵǺ⣬ȻѾǰˣı仯ҲȻ
ǣӵı仯ҶΪ֣һƣòģͺһͰ
ӣ㡭ҶϾȵ
ҡôûˣôأҲԻ
ѵһãȻ
ǣֻһ˿ͷսأָ˵
棬ߴ
ţֻһص
ˣ˭淴أŻһ仰յǳҲ˵ˡ
˭Ҷ϶ͯʵ
֪֪Ƿˡص
ҶҲ˵ˣһУ棬ԼĪıڤŮˣϲͽܣһһеһУ
ʹʱսǱߣһһ˲Ŀս
һ˾ּˣΪСˣֻôˣߵսɻڳ
ˣҪŲסˣž
ô죿Ҷϼæʵ
֮ƣֻҵԪأӡ滹һص
ԪأҶԻ
˵Ů洿֮ʱԪ˼䣬ǣ˭Ҳ֪ˡ֪Ԫأܹһ²Ů洵ԭ벻Ů֮ڿ֮գԤ⵽˼һΣˣҶϣǷˣз˵壬ֻҵԪأ˵
ҶһĿݣðɣǷˣȴǷ̥أ˭֪Ů洽Ԫˣڹⶼһأ
ʦԪأǲǽľˮͻȻʵ
Ŀ˸Źã˵ѵ֪Ԫأ
ҵļУˣֱǽľˮ񣬴˽ľˮˣȥأܻԪأͻȻص
ȵȣЩģæʵ
㯵ҡҡͷһ㯵Ļص֪䣡
ôǣҶϼæʵ
һ֮Уص
һ죡⻰ԼͬĿͶսķ
ʱذ֮Уһ⣬ǾǴӷӡһзţȻ鲻ɽ壬ںˣƬ̵Ĺ򣬾ͻָ֮ǰģ
һˣһ
Ⱑǣ֮ˣֻ˭Ի˵
ٱ֣㣡Ŀ˸һ̣ϣһУɺϣã֮ˣЩС
ҶϣԼ˵˳ָһ㣺Ȼǻ񣡡
Ҷգ۾ƻãһкɺϣ˻ƾȼдö࣬ԭΪԼڿͻһʲôϵ
ţԼֱ˳㣬ȷľûˣָӣðɣˮѾˡ
ǣںηأ
Ŀ⣬ͻȻĭȸӺε
ҡ𣬵꽣ת˾ʮ꣬뿪˾ȥѰˣ˾üᣬҾͶߵ塭ĭص
ԭĭĸĸҲʲôĸĭŮӵ֮󣬾ڷĹϵȴļɥŮʱֽǮ졣
Ǽˣĭװ·ͱ˾סĭŮŮ𣿡
Ů˸ĭϣһĿĭĭҪ衭
ĭװʶ˵Լǹ¶ũ
ǶԷ꣬ͽΪŮʱĭŮֻʮ꣬ϳе䣬Ƿ֮ҪĭȥѧϰǷ򸾵ʱСسǹѧʱлʶҶϡ
ʱĭκ˲ᶯ飬ֻʶͽҶһˣҶѴʼղܴ
ֱҶϳʿ츳ĭķ֣һһӰӣͺˡ
ȻʱҲûаҶϣлżˣֱĭڶμҶϣڹҶϳӰӣ˵ӰӣֻĭĸоǱܿģͺҶ߽ˡ
ٺҶ϶ԸϹʱʹһйҶԼûз֣ǣĭʶˣһйĶŹ
ĭͻȷҶҪҵϹʶĭ͹ҶϷϵҲһΣҶԺʱ򣬾Ȼȸĭ֪ԼҶˣкԵס
㻹ǵ𣿡ʵ
ȵȣһϿ֣ģҶͽƷһֱϡĭ˵ţӲȡһɫʯʯ˻
ʯһͿʼָˣֲ֮ˣˣԭнߣܶѹס񣬾ˣ
˼ĭ벻ټĽ񣬾ǵߡ
ˣǧĵлס壬Ȼȥҽ˰Ŀ⸴ӵĭ
ĭҶϵ֪ĭΪһ֮кǸм
ĭһЦ˵ϣòʵȻŮˣһûأ
ˣȲҪˣֻʣ֮ˣţ壬ǲ񣿡æʵ
ô֪ҶĿǸʬ֮ԿȥЩһûɣҲˣ粻ˣεƲƲ졣
ô죿һľ˺ܶ࣬ǣҪȥأ
ʱͻȻ˵ˣʦұϲǻһô
Ҷż𣬱һֱʯͷУ˪ô
˪˪ʯУ⡭Ҷü
ҿʯ飬Ŀ˸ʲôӡ
ô˵а취ȳҶϼæʵ
Ⱦɣͨ͹˻ǰ
ֻа취Ȱ˵ţĿͶĭ
ĭҡҡͷ޷ʶʩչʲôȻ˪Ҳôð
Ǿûˣӣ֪˪ֲ˪񣬼ʯУҲһȥأ
εƳƲ죬ҡͷ˪˵գʶʮˣûйһհ
үүˣүүҶ˵ţָָ֮Уһλߣ߱ס˻ǣĿûʲô
԰үүһ֪˪ʲô񡭡ӻȻһ˵
ǣүүѾ⿪룬˰Ҷüͷ˵


303 
ϣһߣǣүѾƵҶûſôˣŵ˵ڤڴʱһΪ£үӣȻҪʱҶˡ
̾һͻȻʶҶѾˣĴ壬ҶѾһͨˣΪ壬ȥס
ȻòϣҶϺ͸һΪĳ󣬸׵ȥϧߵÿһˡ
һбİ취ҶϽĿͶš
εƲƲ죬صΪòѾûˣһˣ
ҶЩȣΪٶأһһ¯û⣬ؼòĲϣûвϣƣҪžŰʮһ죬ÿִвϣʱ
ʱ̾һЩԸóһҩϣܶܶˡ찡
ҩžֵŻ
Եһҩɣҷ˱Ѫͷ컯СǺǺǡ˵ţεЦЦ
Ҷϼæӹҩĭһ𽫵ҩ͵үӵУҩոշУүӹһȥˡ
һӵʱ䣬үȫ˾⣬һһ㡣
⿪룡æ˵
Ҷԣ嵽үӵߣεˣڻεһ̣ү۾Щ㯣ڿҶ֮󣬾¶ЦݣСӸĹɣѾǲҪɷѿˣ֮ˣǴΪôͷӣֵõģ
ҶϻĵЦˣҡҡͷүүѾó֮Ǻǡ
үһ
û˳ҩԺҲóˣЦŻص
үӲ֪ϲĬһĿ˸ţǣ
үӣţ˰ɣЦŻص
šҡүӼ˵
㻹Ǹлɣĳҩ㣡ָŻ˵
үӼæתصлл𣡡
ȱŵлǵŮ˪ֲʵ
Ǵľľûˣүӻص
⻰һʱˣΪʹȻľˮȫˣ֮УȴôҲ벻ȱһľˮ޷ȫͲȥѰԪء
үӿҵı鲻ԣ;ɵǣ
ҶϽµ˵һ飬ү꣬ĿͶԶսǱ֣ʱʱĴ֮ϧүҲľʧˣ
Ҷϼæο䣺үү˵⣬ʹȻҪ˭Ҳûа취
ǣ⻰˵֮ҶͻȻüˣﻹһˣ
һˣĭɵҶϡ
ʱҶϴǬ֮УȡһˣǴƼץˡ
ĭҶϵĿ⣬Щˡ
ʦ벻ϲ⣿һľݡ
Ҷϼæܻ˵Ĺ̴µĺ˵һ飬˴ҶҶϵᡣ
ǧɱңʲôǵġ˼æġ
ãҪҲɱԣ֣Ҷ۶ˡ
˼æӦŵԼձ˳
ָһ㣬ͻȻЦˣⰡҪѰҵ񣡡
⻰Щ̤Ьٴȫѹɣʮ㡣
Ҷһϵˡ
˻ɣתҪߣܻˣܣûôף
ҡҲΪƼˣͿҰɣ˼æҶġ
ԣðõһҶĿĶˡ
Уһǡ˼æӦˡ
²˳٣Ƕɣ˵
Ҷһ˳ˣΪ˷ֹ˺Ӷݣùһǰһš
ҶƳһĿܲܽأҪˣ
ͷİɣ磬һǳأ
˵ţĿһȣա
ҶϵŷŻˣͨһڵϣɫɷף֡
ģأ߰ɣ˵꣬ͺ͹һ첲ˣա
˴Уŵ۾ûˡ
ʮ֮ٽ˴򶷵ĵطҶϺĿﲢŷУָָߣƹȥ
ĿӦŵ޷ƵսҶѡƵ
ڣֹʮӣ˴һĺ󷽣ʯɽ֮ԡ
ʱͣ˷еĽŲĿ˸Ķžʯɽ
ʱгһ̣ʼһ쳣ˡ
һͨע̣ˣڵİͼ任һһɫâ
ʱ䣬ԼӣЩ⼯Ҷ֮ǰԿ׵ĵطˡ
ֿʼУһȦһȦķһ졣
֮ǰԿ׵ĵطѾȫںˣֻͷ˿һһϸ죬ǲϸȻֲˡ
ҶĿ⾼ͷ˿һķ϶һҪȥأ
⻹򵥣ȥɣĿվ˳ӳһȦһȦĹ⻷һͱôˡ
עⰲȫҶϼæһ䡣
ȻСˣȴСлл磡
˵꣬㻺شѷ˽ȥ
һ΢Сӣʧڷ϶ˡ
һֱվţʮңɲҶˡ
᲻°ĭҧ촽˵
ǰûˡص
Уǲȥˣţүүִ򿪷϶ȥ
Ҳֻˣ˵꣬Ϳʼλˣվεķλ
ʩվãһ
ʱϳûֱۣЩֱۺһѰצӣڷ϶˽ȥ
ţһ𷢹㽫ͷ˿һķ϶ذῪˣһ磬һƶʮҵʱͨĵĹ죬϶ʮ׵ѷ죬Ҳܴˣһкϱյļ
Ҷϼæкһͨڣϴҵһ򿪷϶
Ҷϵ˵ļ룬϶ˣڣ϶һ˴СۿʱǻããĿռ䣬ʲôƱһڸһ㡣
ҶɨһӣкһȥԣæӦŵһˣ˷϶֮С
ǹĭһȥˣֻʣҶһˣ϶Ѿʼպϣæһ仰λǰػõԪأšԱϣҶһ̤ɫռ֮С
ҶϽӴɫռһ˲䣬;ԼˣһҲûСʹʱǡһ紵Ҷ۰Ͱ͵ĿԼ屻紵ԶƮȥˡ
ĭӡģҶ


304 ׷ٺӰ
ҶͨԼþת򣬵ǣ룬Ӻĭǣûôõ֣ӦûŷƮߣ뵽ˣҶϾûʹƾռеķ紵ߡ
ƮĹУҶһֱڹעܣĭˣƮ˰СʱңڰСʱ֮ײʲôˣͷײģ۾ðǣͣ˰С
Ŭ֮£ڿĵطէһȻһӴʯɽͺһһӴҶϻʯɽʱʯɽɽʹĹУƮƮˡ
˼ӣڵʯɽ֮ǰǻããĿռ䣬ʲôҲҶֻܱ۾Լ۾ϰߺҹ۾ʱԼԼܿʮ֮ڵķΧ
һƽ̹ʯ棬ʯͷĶõģƽ̹Ҷϴĺ˼ĭûӦ𣬾ͻǰȥ
ƽ̹ʯ治֪ж֮һʱȻ߲꣬Ҷ˼ȥǰ취Ǿ͵ش۲ûʲô֮ʹ֮֮壬ƮȥѰĭ˵䣬ػ壬Ȼֻһ꣬ǣΣʱȷӶݲʲô⡣
ҶϱĿӦֻǣͺһģһֻǲֻͬǣֻ۾һȥεʯ档
ǣҶϸεԶͻȻˣֻԶλΪռУܵǿΣУǻعһ˲䣬ԶԶиɫӰƮȥ
ҶźɫӰƮߵķ׷˹ȥֻǺܿϧ׷˺ܾãëûз֡
ҶϾĸӦͨĿͨĶˣȴһΣжӦҲ˵ռǰȫģͨڵʿѾܹ׵ĸܵΣˣһֻ⣬ܸܵ
ˣָоԺη
Ҷһ㯣ѣнԼһֻǷ룬һȻֻһˣΪһֻǵķ룬˵Σµģа֮﹥һֻǣֻҪһĻǣ׵ĻصУһ벻ǺԶ
Ҷϸոշ֮һһοɫӰӣӰһţҲûйҶϡ
ǿΣУȻڡ
Ҷϲѣһνջ֮󣬾Ҳ첻ΣˣҶһĪչǺӰʲôһֱڸ
Ҷü֮ûйͲǺܵģǹҲ£ʿˣʲôⶼˡ
ҶվһǰȥһߵʱϳԼ˶ʮӣڶʮ֮Ҷں
ϸһ˷ܵĭûˡ
˳׷٣һ·ɱ
ԽǰԽԽˣҶҲ˺ܶ࣬ӵҲĭһ𣬾ͺˡ
ĭҶະ
ϣģĭԶԶƮ
ңҶ˳Դһ·ɱ
˰׵ľ룬ڿĭˣڵϣһ
ĭôˣҶϽܵĭߡ
Һ£һΣұһֻӰץˡĭ˵ţ˽ҶϵĻС
Ҷϸһ²ˣĭ֮һˣ
ҶһĿݣֲҸĭֻļ򣺡ûˣˣûˣأûм
ҼˣǶһڵУӣ֮Сĭ˵Ҳˣ
ҶһӰܻĲĭ֮һǵĻǣҲ֮һ
ǣ⣬ʲô˻ǣںη
ĭ֮󣬺ҶϵһŷƮ
һҵ˵ɣҶ˵
ĭ˵ͷЩǵĸҶϣϣ˵᲻ƭǣ
һﾪˣҶϵһǻթƭҶϵ˽ֻͲôˣ
ھͿʼˣƮôãһֱǸ߶Ƚ䱸Ϊʲô˻
ðɣȻѾˣ˵ʲôҵͬ㣡
Ҷĭһֱ˳ſռ߶ǰͬʱϸܵӵڴ˵أһǵġ
˺ܾãһ˺֮Ҷ϶˳ȥңҵˡ
ʱˣʣ꣬ڵϲأ
Ҷ϶˷ٳ˵ߣôˣʲôˣ
˼ҶˣƺҶ֮飬æ嵽ҶϵߣұӰץˡұץˡ
ҶȻе˼û֮һˡ
Ҷϰοһˣʵأץģ
֪սҾʧȥ֪һΣʱҾˣҲָһǣҶϸǽΣڱ֮ǰ򾲵Ķˡ
Ҷü֮˶ֿˣռѹҲʲô·ֲĿ֮󣬾ûһˡ
ţҶϴĭˣѰңڣҵӺ͹˽֮󣬵һˡ
ʱҲǾֵĶڵϣܻͬһֻں¡
ӣû°ɣҶϼæʵ
ʦڼˣΪҲˣǸΣÿֲӿǻ˵
磬ҲͬΣ⾿ʲôطأĴôԶԣҪǵĶࡣ
ڶ˵ķӦ⣬ҶֻܿЦô֪֪ͺˣ
һ𣬵ǣȴôҲҲĿռʵ̫ˣô죿
Ҷһ˵Ӱʲô⣬Ҫʶռ䣬ôӺӰ֣
ʦǧȥ⿴ģֻӰӣйӼæ˵
ϣҺһȥĭᶨ˵
ĭĿǰõģ㣬ҪǵİȫҪסҵ壬һȥУҶϻص
ǡҪСģĭص
Ҷϵ˵ͷ£ҶϾ͵شȫ壬ֻûз룬ͺ͹ࡣ
Ҷϻǻ뿪壬ɨһ۵ǵˣЦЦȥˣڴ˵Ⱥ򣡡
Ҷϸ˵⻰ֿӰˣǺ֣һӶݣһ㡣
Ҷ϶˵ھ֪ɽлƫɽУ׷źӰӱȥ
ǺӰӺĳ˲֮ÿһ׷ߵʱ򣬾ʧˡ
ҶϵĻܸΣдķ׷Ҳ׷ˡ׷һСʱڣҶϳƽ̹ʯ棬վʯıԵ
ΣδʧҾǰҶǰֻǰص߿ĵطԽԽˡ
ҶϿǰİУڹһӣͺĭĵطȫһ


305 ɷ
Ҷǰ鸴ӣȻܿǣȴңԶңԶ˼Ƭ̣һ
ĹУҶĿеĶϽͻȻˣڶϽֵһ̣еĶϽͻȻ֣ǰȥ
ۡããĿռУͻȻһҺһӰ֮䣬ûټ
Ҷϼæͣ½Ųһ㯣ϽԼˣ⵹һ漣һķ֡
ǶϽһصΣ֮󣬻عҶϵǰҶǰ˵
Ҷ϶һѽ긴ˣҶϼĺٹ磬ٹ硭ˣ
ˣڽ˭磿ֻһָͷСãҶϡ
ҶϺһʱˣκ˵Ļǣһɽ꣬ͺϴԵûʲô𣬾Բǵǰ飬ֻܰ̾һԺͽйٹˣ꣬ûУ
ˣл˴Щ΢΢ز
ٹղųֵǾʲô⣿Ҷʵ
갡ٹص
ꡭҶһȻ
ˣһֱһֱɣأͶˡٹص
ҶͻȻˣԼڷӡٹʱ򣬽һֻȡ˳װǬ֮У뵽ˣҶϼæǬзûҵֻֻ꣬ҵһɫӡ
ˣ⽣Ӷݣ᲻
Ȼ˽࣬ǳ쳤ãзնɱаħɷɣţ̫ɷҲΪղҪˣֻܳ䲻˺ĴҾĶ֣ص
Ҷ꣬Դʹˣؼ涼ôأѾֹһγˣǣÿֻܿһӰ˵ĭӵбܻˣҲûм®ɽĿ
ҶһȾ˰ɣ
УˣǧܹȥһȥǶ꼱æ˵
ԭÿ֮ϣһɱߣһ˴룬ͻᱻɱɱ
ҶһĿݣ⿴ڸǽĭ˵ĻǿˣǺã
ٹҲڽ֪꣬ʲôʽƽôҶεʵ
ӡĽ꣬ȻԷ֮ǣɷɵĽֻ꣬ºѿư겻ҡҡͷ
ҶûˣûĵˣǿĹ꣬ܿҲ÷򶷣˵ɣܺ⣬ǣһʿҲܺУ򲻹һˡ
ٹܿôҶϼæʵ
ܣղҲǸɱжϳλãٹص
Ҷֻεķأ±ϣһңȻңɼ
Ҷ侲˼ˣٹõʲôҪĻΪʲôֱɱĭˣҪۻ꣬ⲻǶһô
ˣô˵˵ĻǣɣͻԼĻˣʱһֻĹκٹص
ڹٹĽ£Ҷϲ֪ԭسɷɵаħǲģֻһ꣬ûиĻǣͲ壬ǿֻ꣬ǸǶȻ޷꣬Ҫֻֻϵĸǣܱڡ
Ҷ⻰ǾּˣҪֻǣĿǰֻõֻôˣΣͻὫ֣ǱȻ顣
ȻҪ֣͵ŵˣҲ˵õһΣҪԼ취
ǣʲôʽԸأ
ֻҪһǵĻǣͱԶƣһַͺʩˣһٹ˵
ҶϵõЩϢ͸ȷһжҪԼֻ֣һڲԶʲôԸأ
ɷɵĽ꣬ôҪɷıԴ˵ˣҶϽӴéɽУ඼ƽӼɷġҶϼǵúڡéɽͼ־йɷķ
һֱɷλѹҪɷλɷΪǾҪɷѹסѹסɷɷסˣɷͲҪԼͥԱӦԼͥĲҲܴƻáɷסˣĲͻӯڣͥͻ缪ϲ֮
ɷ֮üͥгıص¹񡢳ȵȣҲ÷ˮ֮ˮߣЩɷЧѡ
ɷһҪȷķλȷĵص㣬򲻵𲻵ãһá
رǷ֮ɷ֮ɷɷ׵ģʱΪ֮⣩֮ɷסýӣʱչ塣лɷ֮Ƿˮ߸ãͭǮ̡Ǵ̵Ľˮߵȡ
һʽУĿǰܹȡʹõģֻˣǣϵֻľʲɣ˼Ҫʲϣ룬ֻܷˡ
ٿڶɷλ˾ɷλܶر֮ɷ֮ɷ¶һ׼£֮ɷķλ͵طǧܶرǶճҲòҪд죬Ҫλ͵طᶯҾߣҪλ͵طűڵȵȻ
ɷλ˾ǲҪжɷλɷɷᷢһɷ׼ԣƽǾɷɷλ߶ɷ춯õ˵Ļ֮
ƽǳ˵ģ˥ǻᴫȾģһĵط˴Ĳһɷĵط˴˥ɷ֮ĻǳҪֻǱȽڷ΢ĸо
УʤһСӣȥһطͻȻգСûҲûëҳĪʵӾȥ˲ĵطС岻ǿܲɷòġ෴Сȥ˼ĵطСӾͻܸ˵ЦСӶĵļɷӰϴ
￴Ҳ˵ֻҪҶϵȲɷͲɷӰ죬ںܾǰΪȹٹͶɷˣ˵һͬʺˡ
ٿƽ֮ɷλۡһͥеĲλɷλϣǾ̫ˡ۹֮ÿסɷλϵɷ
ȻɷλϻԷˮ֮Ķɷλ֮ɷȻף۹֮סɷҲûа취ˡɷλɷɷλϰؼͲԼͥĲˡԼͥԱķӦͻüͥԱԼΧĻల¡
Ҷ뵽ʱͻȻ˸Źâһòƺǰʹ˺ܶε֮ԸЩƣʹһѰͻƿڰɣ
ҶһЩ䶯ͻȻΣгķһͷ˹ȥ
ٹæеˣΣգΣաҿԾǸλ
ҶϵȻ֪ǸλˣΪֻҪɷзλģ˼ɷֻͬһƶ㵱֪ɷʱ򣬴ӿʼѾ֤ˡ


306 ɽ
ҶԽǿΣԽǺ֣ԶҶôУҲ׷ϣҶƺһ⣬ԼûƶԼһڷУ
ҶϿƵķʮӣΣԽԽأȴôҲ׷Ҳ̫˼ˡ
ҶͻȻ֣ǽأͺһһеһУôãóжϣԼ˼άˡ
һͷԼʯĸͺôҲɲȥʵ˵ˣԼѹԭδ
֮£Ҷϻعʯ棬ôãʱȴǼͻˡ
ҶεվʯıԵ룬ֻðˣԼĻ̫ǿˣڽ겻֣Ȼ׳һնʲôӦ
Ҷ뵽ˣͶڵϣ֮һ룬ǣոշ֮һʱͻȻʲôסˣһǰԶһƬɫģһ·һ֮ǡ
ҶϾδŵʲô⣬֮ǿĶͻȻ֮һǰƶҶһľݣ֮һΣرǽס
ڳ׵ʱҶϵͻȻվһץס֮һڻããĿռУ
˵Ҳ֣Ǻƺɫ·⣬һֱǰ꿴Ȼ֮һȴĿ
ͻȻ֣ƾֱǺɫӰӡԼȷع֮£Լʮľ룬Ҷһգ۵Ĺ򣬵ִǸλãͻȻðһƬɫԤĵط˳ȥ
ЦҶ֪һγ쳣ԣںĭϻʱ򣬳ĭڣղ˼⡣
һ˲䣬ǰ۵Ľһ֮һһö˺ɫӰ֮ϣţǺɫӰӻرСˡ
ʱ֮һͻȻֳֶϽȥһգ۵Ĺ򣬾ͽϽ˰ɫ֮ϡ
ۡţһ˲Һ֮֮һ·ĺɫӰӣر̲ˡ
ɷˣ
Ҷһ壬ռ佥ر仯ˣˣĭ˵ĻǣƮƮȥˡ
Ҷϼæ𱦽ת׷ĭ˵Ļǻȥˣ׷źɫӰӳҲ֪˶ãԣ׷Żǣֻֻ߶ˡ
ֻôҲû뵽ֻ˼ӣͳһƬĵϣǻɫҲĶˣͷһĭǣͶһ鲻ôģֻзԲʮҵʯͷϣ̧ͷԼء
ҶϾȵգ۾ǵĵ궼صˣҲԼ֮С
Ҷ۾ˣʯͷûôޱ޼ʣҲ˵ղŵһУΪаˡ
ʦԸɷоУŰɫ⣬ǲܷӼҶϻع壬һ¾
ʵղҶϺͽĶӣĭ˵֮һˣصԼ壬пҶϴһ㡣
⣬ҶֻܿЦƳһĭĭϣ˲使죬ҶЦŻصʦĶŷлٺ˵
ĭ
ҶϾ˫֣εЦЦôˣôķӦѵҪʲôô
ĭһķ
ʹʱͻȻָǰ˵ʦʦ㿴
Ҷ˳ӵȥ⣬һֻӣӵǰһ鷢ɫâС
Ҷǰ
ôˣҶϵһ嵽ߣֻǣѾˣһûС
ϸ硭ϸ硭ҡʱͷɫ֮УһСɵգٺ仰֮󣬾ͱˡ
Ҷһ۽ỨϵĿﱧʹһ仺طָ֮С
ϡĭȥ۽ǵỨǵҶϣֻ֪ʵҶУĿĵλҪصĶࡣ
ҲʵҶϣһֱǾ࣬ǣĿҶϴ񣬶벻еĸ飬֪
ҶϻͷһĭٽĿͶˣҪȥĵطȥ̽̽û⣬
ʦȥɣӼæ˵
Ҷҡҡͷһ֮С
ϵˣĭΪףԥһβҶϳɫ֮С
Ҷϳеһ̣֮УһˣţܳһԲԲıڣһһɫ磬ƶӼǰȥ
Ƭ̣ҶϿĭ׷ˣ˳ʹ嵽Ҷϵߡ
ҶƳһĭû˵ǣ飬ѾҪκε˵ˡ
Ҷץסĭ֣˾ӰӾдʱǰ㣬ǰȥߵķںĴš
Ƭ̣ץ˸͹һǣ֣߶ˡ
һĴ˰СʱңͻȻǰһźӰһ̣ͻȻʧˣҶڹԵĳ£һƬơ
Ƭ̣˾úײʲôĶž˳ʲôˡ
ۡۡۡ
һҺУǰˡ
֮ϵһźɫɢˣгŻ棬Żȼգռ䶼
Ż£̧ͷǰ
ǰĵΣسˣһ˸âĴɽǳĴ󣬷ȥɽһͷ״
ţŻ棬Ʈɽ֮ϣɽʱҲĿԭһĴɽ
ӡöĽӡӴ۾Բɽʦˡ
ҶĿӣأǽԪذɣ
ĭ˵ͷĿ˸ϣҾýɽ֮ϣиһֱٻһ
Ǿûˣ񣬱ͺͽԪĪĹǴ˵еĽԪذɣҶ˵
ϣȥˡͻȻĭĿû˽ɽ
ĭҶϼæٻ
ǣĭһ㣬ѹͲ˼ҶϵĺУһ˲㵽˽ɽ
ҶϼˣԪؼȻܴ꣬²ô򵥰ɣģֻǣԣһʲôա
뵽ˣҶһ˲ƣ嵽ĭǰĭͣͣ
ĭѹͲǣһ߷Ҷϣ˽ɽ
аˣҶһ˲ʶ⣬ʱĭѾʧȥˡ
ۼĭѾ䵽˽ɽ֮ϣֻһ˲ƣĭͬʱվ˽ɽ֮ϡ
صһ˲䣬ҶһץĭĭôҲ֣෴ķߡ
Ǹոշʮôߵʱ֮ǰվĵطͻȻˡ
𡭡𡭡ڵһ˲䣬ж޵˳


307 ˽
ֱĭ־壬ЩһֱҪҶϵĿơ
Ҷıĭһ˲ƣվӵ˵ĸɫɷ׵ľ˾񣬽ţϸĹۿĭķӦ
ĭĿЩ㯣ֻҪɽͻᷢ裬Ŀ⿴ɽͱƽһЩ
Ҷ֪ⲻʲôаӦһԪ֮һʲôӦ֮һԭࡣ
ѣҶһڲסĭ۾˼ӣĭűˣϣҸоɽ֮УһһֱٻңͺǸĸٻԼĺһ
ûˣҪǧϵɽ֮УǶޣҶϼĭǻָˣͼæ˵
ޣ𣿡ĭʵ
ȻģҶϻص
⻰ĭЩ£ȫ΢΢һʵǡû°ɣ
ûҶϻص
ʦɽ֣ôЩǵҶϡ
Ҷϲ̾һɣ
ѧ˵֮Уˮˮľľ𣬻ĭǽȻȥֱӽӴɽˡǰ񿴣ҲȥɽΪֻ±ĭɽӵѰ죿
ӣغˣɽҶ뵽ˣȷԸ
ǰ˵ľǲȥˣ˽Ҷ΢΢䶯һ£
ϣǲҪȻǰȥĺãǵȫ֮ߣĭæ˵
ҶҡҡͷƽУֻܴˣ뵽ˣҶһ̤˽ɽΪǸͽƲĻˣӦܿƽ
Ҷϳڽɽ֮ϣ΢΢ԥһ£ˣżӴһ̣ɽʱζ
֮䣬µĽɽͻȻѣѷ׵ĿȣҶС
ĭ۾ǿһеģԼҲȥڲֻ㣬ֻܸżӣôˣʲôû°ɣ
ʦҪػ
û£ٺͶ޴أԴҪʹö࣬ĭһʱżȥڲʱˣоûĭôֻ㡣
ͻȻʶĴˣȭͷ𣺡ʦͣעˡ͡


308 Ԫ
͵ĿƳһӣҲźۣôȻûһֻ赲Ĳ
ʱҴ򶷵ƣĭ˵
Ӧŵһ򶷹ˣڶ˵ıУҶͣ޵С
ȻҶϣǲôҿҶϣɽ֮󣬷ֽɽУһһͨͨ˴Ҷ˴λսʱ򣬲ô
ͬʱҶϸ߶Ⱦ裬֮ͨУʲôҲλս
뵽ͻȻýµ涯һ£æŲصһ˲䣬һֻɫĶޣͻȻվĵطˣһûлĿ꣬ʧˡ
Ҷϴ󺧣Ȼλս򶷣ҲûʲôΪû𹥣֮У˽ʹû𹥣òķˡ
ǣµ״ѰλսѰˣõλս˵ɣ֪ڰ˶ǿĵˣĹӽʱһһСģµɱǺڰпǹˡ
ȻҶϸոʱͷгһֻһҶϵԴ
Ҷȫһæ㣬㲻ϱҧһڣǶҧˡ
Ҷ˲Һһתһֻɫޡ
ǶޱǹڶεģҶȫðˣֵӶݣȴҲǱսˣһ˲˽ˮˡ
ҶϸոһҪֹѪϾʹʱһֻ޳ˣһĿǹӡ
ҶҲðˣð棬ǶڼӴӵһ˲䣬ͷˡ
Ҷðһڻ𣬽Ƕޱһɽˮˡʱٷ֮ٸҿ϶˽ûˡ
ǣֵĶޣж٣һֱɱȥҲҹδɱꡣ
ԣҶ룬ɱȥǸ취뵽Ѱҳڣɽû𹥣һԽɽճˮֶɲˡ
뵽ˣҶȫð𣬶ͷճһͨ˽ɽ֮С
ȥżʮֻޣ˵Ҳ֣˽ɽͲڹҶˣһ˽ɽ֮С
ҶһҧŽɽǿĻ𹥡
֮У棬սɽʱ򣬿ɽǻѩ˷ˮڻˡ
ҶһϲɫԼ²˵ʱͻȻͻȻʶһ⣬ҪõԪأɽô󣬼ںˣܳɺӣܲȫȥɣ
ôʱ򣬿ɽͻȻĳĶޣҶϣҶϺԥתЩ𣬲һ򣬾ͽЩɱ˸߰˰ˡ
ʱӺ͹ٱˣʵĭĭһЦ⡣
ɽǻѩڻأһˣҶһľݣѵԪؾôʧˣ
ָôأ
Ҫˣ뵽ˣҶϾûջػ𹥣һֱɽ
ȥܴһɽڿǻ֮£棬Ȼʮ֮󣬾ͳ׵ںȫˡ
ʱҶԶĽԪأüͷ
룬صһߣ治֪˵ʲôãڻһɽǹţ˰ɣǣûţڵϰԪǣôռ
ϣٻˣǲǽԪҵˣĭͻȻ˵
ɽڻˣǡҶʵڲ֪ôش⡣
ĭԼϵĺڲȡɨһεҶϣ֪ôˣȻûй۲죬ǣµĴ򶷣ӵĽѾٵ֪һЩ
ͻȻԶԪء
˵⻰һڷɶȥҶϼˣѵаˣԪؿˡ
ϣѵģҿ˽Ԫˡһɫˮ򡭡㿴Ǳߡĭָǰ˵
Ҷ˳ĭָȥֻܿڻĽˮʲôҲ
ֻܿȥðɣĭƹҶϵֹ˵
ҶҲûֹĭͳ˽Ԫء
ʮҵʱͻȻ˽ɫҺ֮УʱӶټˡ
ҶϾֵŽɫҺ壬иǲҪѵĭˮˣ
ɵʱ򣬽ˮ֮УðһֻͷͷɽɫˣǣȴһСĽɫ
ԪأҶ˵ţĭ
ǣҶϳ嵽ĭǰʱĭͻȻ仯ӣһֻӴĶޣһڴסҶϣˮ֮С
Ҷ϶˵ȫð𣺡
˵ţһ湥˶ޣֻǣһǶޱҺ壬ĹȻûһˣ
ǽɫҺͻȻɣĹЦǧ꣬лԪɻˡ


309 
ԪޡЦţɫҺ壬һһֻжСҺ壬ЩҺ壬ͺһģһҶɶ
Ҷ˿Ͼⲻǣɫϣ˭֪ôأ
ǺҶеĶϽͻȻĿ⣬Щ⣬Ƭ֮䣬һϣԼС
ʱɫҺ御ײ⻤Ȧ֮ϣȻڽӴһ̣ɫͻȻСʼĻȦӣÿһڣ΢СӣҪһЩȦӦҪܶࡣ
Ҷָһָͷðһƻ棬һôָһϸȻ׼ɵСҪɱȥ
ʹʱЩСĭһţһţףĭ
Ҷԥˣָһ¡
ȻʹʱһСҧƻȦ˳ĳҶԣҶϺɵƬ̣СҧסҶϵ壬һʮѪҺ
ҶͻȻʶⲻĭѪħһѪĽɫС
С飬ҶһɱָʼɨЩɵСһͽеСˡ
ʱҶĿܣ᲻ʲô仯أ
ȻʱĭӽɫҺͻȻˣɫ壬һֻȭͷôС
֮һĵϣҵ˽Ԫأ
˵ţҶˣ֮ǰĹ仯ҶЩɣǰĭǲĭ
ɵĭʱĭЩȵɨһۣôˣණôǶأ
ҶͻȻЦˣһĭûˣΪ˵ǸϹЦı飬ǻɻңҶҲǵá
ЦŻصûˣԪظҰɣ
ĭ˵ͷԪظҶϡ
ҶϽӹԪأװԼǬ֮Уĭһ𷵻˵棬뿪ĹУɽʧˣЩɫҺ壬ͺϯĻһ㣬ʧ˵С
ʦԪҵˣӼҶϻæʵ
Ҷϵ˵ͷͷʱ򣬿Ŀ˸ǰ֮£˳ŹĿȥ
һ֮£ղϯĻˣʱչһɽˮɽˮлвݣɽ֮ϣĻľ
ҶƳһˣæס˹۾ˣľԪأ
ͷԻ㲻ûбԴȥ˵ĭҪеֿĶࡣ
ҶϽһɫĲ˩ڹ۾ϣл۲µԪصò
ͬʱҶҲ̽⣬ϣܿĿĿĻǱռ䣬ǣȥˣ˼һ㣬ղڴսԪأȴҲûлѰҡ
ĿǰľԪѾˣҶûмõԪأɣֻҪԪԪӦò
ӦҶϣһ˷ƮĿռ

˵ƺƵĴռ䣬ֻǣþõأֻǵĻȴĿӦ
ҶüոȥĺӣһǸʹһУǾסռĴ򣬾ˣҲδûпܣ
ţֻܷˣĭӣǻȵõԪذɣ
ӦŵĿͶǰʱǰĻѾͣզһһɽֻǽṹǵһԪأԶԣȽϸһЩ
ڴҶŴɽʱͻȻˣ˼ͬʱ˴ɽ
ҶƳһۣæӡȥ
ûҶͻȻʶһ⣬һξǼ򵥵ĵһԪأӦľˮԪصļ壬ʵԪأศɵģڴȻУɽˮˮ߾Ѻõֵܴڡ
۾ȻûˣӺˣ񵱳ĭһ˻ƵģԪ
ӺˣߺĭԶˣҶϼˣһ˲Ƴ嵽Ԫ
ǣҶϳֵһ̣ͻȻ꣬һ꣬ԪˮԪ꣬ҶϱδУȫһսʱӡзһ㣬۰Ͱ͵Ӻ˳Ԫشɽ֮С
ĭۼҶϲƶһѾҶһԪ
ǣǳԪʱ򣬾ͿˣӺˡ
ҶͻȻߣզһѾˣ
ӡҶϷӣ˼룬ǣȻûˣֻʣһʬ塣


310 ֮
ٿˣðɣͬҲˣ
ĭɫһ˲࣬۾ӣ˻һһ˻޾ıʹ
һ˻æȥϵĺڲһҶϺĭڵϣǰʬ塣
ӡ㡭һǣ仰˵ʱĿͻȻû̼ʧȥǣĿȵĳԪ
ҶĽк֪֮ȥ˺ڲæתתʱ̣Ѿ߳ȥ
ҶϱԪס˷ʱֻкĭȥܻĭӦŵ˹ȥĭոնʱ򣬾Ϳӣڿͣͣһ룬ͺһƬҶһƮˡ
ĭ嵽ߵʱ򣬹Ļǲˣˣ
ҶĿЩͬʬ壬һһļȻװǬ䣬ţҶȫ¶ǿɱ߽Ԫġ
ĭ֪ȥǷǳյģǣҶϵʱҶϣͲˡ
Ȼ嵽һʱȫһʹ׹ˡ
׹һ˲䣬ˣǰ׼깻ǿ󣬾Ȼûкһ궼ˡ
Ҷ뿪һ̣;һ޷ܻʱһ
ʱĭĻǳˣԭĭҶˡ
ҶϺǸжһץסϻ
ĭԣæѵԼ·˾Ͳһˣϻ˵Ҳ֣ͺһ㣬Ҷ϶˸ոת˿ơ
Ҷ׵УҪȥĭֹˣסҶϵֲţϣ֪ǵĸ񣬵ǣ㲻ھȥ
ȥĭſңһҪǾȳҶŭ
ȥɣָһƣǵӳأĭæص
ҶϾԼƽȻ룬òԼ̫嶯ˣçײȥҵӵ˵ĻôҵˣҲǻǣʲôȥǣ
Ҷ뵽ˣֻܰ̾һĭҳ嶯ˣðɣȥ󣡡
˵֣ҶĿ͸ӵıˣɽһڻ𣬽ţĿɽ
һڻɽϵľȼֻǣʹʱһг֣Ԫꡣ
ҶϺԥĴӵϼ˵ʬ壬֮С


311 Ԫر
ҶϼǣʵѾˣһʬҲûʲôã壬ȴ񣬻嶪֮УƽԪ֮
뵽ˣҶĿ˵嶪֮УȻͶһ۹ۿ
嶪֮кз¡¡һȻ˴гˣŸԪԪʻ֮ɫϸԪⷭ
⡭ĭ䶯촽һʱ֪˵ʲôá
ҶƳһˣιԪ͹
ԣ۾̶һԼڰУŵ۵Ľ
һ£ʧȥƽ⣬ڵϣˤòᰡҺѡ
Ҷϼæ˹ȥԪڲҺУڲͣĵллܻųˣ
ҶϲɵЩ΢죬Ͼ˼ҵʬ嵱ƷУȴ벻Ǿˣ
Ҷĭ׷£סϵľۣͽ˵˳
ԭӣԪˣԪʱҶýʬ嶪ȥˣʬԪޣͷһԪޡ
Ҳ˵Ԫ޵ĶʬֽԪˣȻĻǾͻص֮УİɣȻ˵еңǣҶϺܿ컹ص㡣
˵˵ͷԣԣģ
ҶۣͻȻĿһ䣬Ӻ͹ʬ壬ͬʱ˳
ȵȣô죿ĭæֹ
ȥҲû취ѵҪʬȥҶεĻص
ĭһ룬ȴҲʵڲԣֻʬȥʣµԪҲһܵõˡ
ǺҶϽӺ͹ʬ壬ͬʱ֮С
¡¡¡¡֮УҪըһ㣬һһĴ˱֮
ҶĿۣ֮ڣûټֻɱȥˡ
Լӵʱ򣬹ͻȻˣֵʱһֻԪ򣬿ҶϵˣЦŷ˹
أûпӣҶϼæʵ
ҡҡͷŽԼҶ˵ˣһģһأδ飬᲻ʲôͬΣˡ
Ҷеķӵʱ䣬ȴɲӹļ٣ڵˣȥ
˵ţҶڷɶ𣬳˸â֮Уĭæ׷ȥһȥɣ
ڶͬʱ۵ʱͻȻһը̱֮ˡ
Ҷ϶ܵը죬ͺͷȥĻһ㡣

ʹʱһӴˣһںڵƣò
Ӵ֮߻һλˮŮ
ֵĶųֵӴ
Ů˵ſˮ˵
ʱеҶϣڶסӣͷɨһ۵棬ǺЦĭ֮䣬ĭһס˵档
ӡѵӣĭԻĶӴľ
ǵģ㿴ûУ˪ˣҶ˵
˪ĭ˳ҶָȥӴԱߵƯŮˣ˪
Цű˪˪̧ͷգ۾ԶԶؾҶ϶֣ϣĭһˡ
Ҷ϶˳嵽˪ߣ΢ЦŴк˪
ҶϷֺĭһг˪ֵʱ򣬼æתĭ˵˵
ʱ˵ͬһ仰
˪ЦҡҡͷҲڵʱ򣬿ĸ鷢չٰ벻˵ôĬˣ
Цű˴ƳһۣǣҶϺͻȻ뵽ʲôü˪Žأ
ϡʹʱӱ֮УӵˣϱŶţЦҶϱ
Ҷӵĺˣ벻⿪˪ͶŵķӡĿĶԣѾʹ
ӳ֮ǸӴɫӣͽڻˣһţһŵĺɫӵ֮С
γһԪ򣬲ӵĽУͱȽдɫˡ
ȱԪɽ˶ӣսӣԪ޾ͿʼĥԱ㽫ˡ
ʱΣͱסʯ飬ðɣͽʯһˣϲŮˣʯС
̽⵽ʯд飬ĥʯͷˡ
ǣԪ޵ĳθȻн湦Чؽʯϵķӡˡ
ڷӡɵһ̣˪ʯ飬ʹʯͷбˡ
ǣȴûôˣ˭֪Ԫ̽⵽Ĺ꣬Ϳʼȫţˡ
ʱӵˣһԪޡ
֮Ԫ޹ʱ䣬˪ͳ֮⡣
ţʽŴԪ޵ĶȡΣա
Ҷ꣬˼ӣΪѹͷǸÿһΣҪãһΣ˷ӡ˪Ͷš
ͣȻǸ˵ز˵ˣ˪ȥҸ㣬㲻ڵʱҸʦ˺ܶ¡
Ǻǡģ˪Ƴһӡ
ģұ֤֮һ˵ûˣӻص
桭˵ʯͷеʱĹ۲ҷ֣ͽϸһǸӢۣҲ˵ûˣ˪˵Щд۽Ứ֡
Ӽæóһֽ˪ǧޡ
Ǻİˡ˪ſ˵
ûûСͷҡľͺͲ˹Ƶá
ҶϼæſӵĶ˵ýţӵʱˣôô
ƳһҶϣȻ򣬶˵ȥס˪Ż˵ţˡ
ǺǺǡ˼ͬʱЦˡ
ŻҶϵߣ΢΢һϣǳлΪҺ˪һУȻʯͷУǿˣˣһΪ˽ǣҲųħͷ
ҶҡҡͷصⶼӦģŽ㣬Ҳˣ
ôܣһԴ׵İĭ嵽м䡣
źҶϣͺ񿴴Сҡͷԣ˴˿Цѡ
ȻҶϺͶ֮ĸ飬ҪֻҪ˴ôƳһۣˡ
üĿ顭ﲨĭһһ˵
Ҷĭļ򣬵ȻҲ֪ĭĳԴףֻǹ⿪Цѡ
ҶЦ̧֮ͷԪĿǰľˮԪ֮Уֻʣ»ԪһˣǣԪһκ⣬ûб仯ǸղŵģԪؾȻûг֡
ңҶҲûиܵĭ˵ԼͬԪسֵʱ򣬾ͻٻ
˼ӣԪûг֡
ʱͻȻ˵ʦԪزˣ
ʲôҶϾֵ
Ԫ޵Ķеʱ򣬾͸ӦԪ޵һ뷨Ԫ޵ʶУǸʹղԪأΪԪںܾǰͱ˵ˣӻص
͡һӱˡ


312 ٻԪ
ɫӵ⻰һʱ֮䣬ѻȸ㿴ңҿ㣬ǳĸӡ
ӣûиܵ˭˻ԪأҶһʵ
ľګҡҡͷص֪ϧǳɱһ룬ܸӦ
ҶֻܿЦ°ɣ֪ԪرѾǺܴĶˣȻһ˷Ѹʱ䡣
ȻԪѾߣҶϵˣֻ֮ѰҳڡӦ뿪Ԫ
ʱҶϵǴһɫ֮ģ³ȥʱȴֻܿһƬơ
Ҷ̧ͷŰеĺƣָָƣǴƣӦ֪ڣ
ӦŵҶһȣ˺ƣﵹҲûʲô⣬ںƵĺ󷽣ҵǸɫۡ
˸Ҷϣһ˽ȥ˿ûһ⣬ͽʱһͳ˴
ɫĴ˾ɫѿˣΪڶռˣĿռ䣬ȫǻããһƬѹҲκһ㴫һĶڡ
Ҷ룬ȡָ̣һ˵ֻˣ
ô˵ǣҶȴҲĿǰֻôһҵ˰ɣΪǽʱ򣬾ǱԺţĿǰ෴ķģ
ڴҶҶϣҶûκεĽͣһĬĬĸ￴ȥҲԥĸҶȥġ
ҶϸдԼҲûеףʲôҲû˵Ȼһϣϣ飬ʱǸģʲô˵
Ҷһ෴ķһֱУһ·Ҷܸܵʱ罥سˣоЩڴеٶӿ졣
ĸСʱҶЩҶ϶úȥĲǰ취ɣ
㯵ʱռ俪ʼζ
ҶϼæкҼӱСģʲôˣ
ҶϡҶϡڻζ֮У
ҶͻȻ˾ϸȻǻڶҵĵطкҼӿ˲·ǰҼ֣
ҶϵĻϻˣ׾룬ҶϵķӾ͸ϵˡ
ֻǣǸеʱ򣬳ڵѷúαأʧˡ
˴ڴڵĺȻѾٶȺܿˣȴˣֻܵȴһλٻˡ
ǴҶʩչһηҲʱ䷽ʩչһΰɣ
Ҷ룬ȥǰ취кͨôܷĿռ䣬ǵڳʱ򣬴ҲϵôĵطʣӦûɣ뵽ˣ˾Ͳϵôռ䡣
ʩչһη۵ĶڵϣĿ⾪ֵսսܣѵҪһֱҶϻ˵ˡ
żҪ棬㼱ǣʲôأɣ˵ţĿƳս
սУԣҪү˵ˡ
ǣһ¾ʱһθˣںɫӣֻͨôСˡ
Ǻģʱʮ࣬Ҳ˵Ҷϵ뿪֮˵ĴСЦʮ
˾ֵʱһУغ¡¡֮ãһˣ
ˣȷǴӵ·ģʱеζ
ǻˣ
ֻǸոʩô죬ûж˰үü΢ŵ˵
񵤣ҩԲڶʱڣָܻС˵ţһҩԼ͵˵С
үӺźԥı˵ҩȻһϢʮңͬʱ۾
ҩ𽹼ʵ
źүվʮŻ𡣺ðɣҩѾҪ˻شˣдϡ
ϻʱ˵һ仰հⵤҩֻ֮˷ܷãǶܲסҩԡڿǶ˵壬Ǻܲ
֪ǵŲסʵ
ըص
⻰ɫһ˲˭Ҳ뵽Ƕ˵Ʒˣ
ҲǵѣǻǾѷɣҹζ࣡æת˻⡣
Ȼв֣ǣ¾ҵʱ򣬾ֻˣ
ǣʱսǱ߷һҾ徵Ľ壬ıɺˣҲûˣ紵ţһ˿˿ʧС
ʧһ̣õ˱Դ飬ͻȻЦӽ𣬱Ǵ֮񣡡
ЦʱͻȻԶһУ¡¡ͻȻתߣ
һһһѿڣҴѿУһһˡ
ͻȻʶҶϺܾöûгˣԭȥԪ˰ɣֻǲ֪ҵûУҲҲˣҵ⽫Ŀǣзӡˣ
ɵƬ̣ҶһˣֵʱһֻԪ۶
ʱ֮ȡ˸ԵԪֻǣȴΨһһԪ
ͻȻʲô뵽⣬ЦˣԪѵҲзӡˣ
˵ţǹͻȻɱ
źүӣ˼ͬʱ˳ȥˡǺܿϧͨʣ࣬ӣһҺŵڵء
ɱˣȫ֦Ҷŵϯȥ
Ҷϼˣȥ赲ֻǣʵӦģһУͽҶ͵ʮ֮⣬۵һڵѪ
һЦӵˣĿ겻ǼɱˣҪõԪȷԼǡ
˼æԪһ򶷣ֻǣ̫ģͽӵһˡ
ţЦһҶϣҳǣ岻٣
˵ţסĭ̶һĭ
ҶϼˣһȥˣҪжĭһУ׵ڵϴ
Ҷصһ˲䣬ץʱˣȴҶϻͷʱֻʣ¹һˣڴ
Ҷ۾ˣվͻȻһ壬ԼڰУŭһɣ
⻰˵꣬㿴Ҷϵ壬ڿбһյ͵һ㣬ʼȼ
ϸ硭ֵգ㲻ϸ硭
ֻǣѾˣҶϵ壬֮䣬ͱһð̵Ľ̿ˡ
ٻԪ򣡡ҶϴһղűɵԪһ˹嵽գҶϵ壬ںһˣ


313 һ
һ̣ԪתлԪصԪҶϵ仯ģҶϱǻ򲻵ѵ£Ҷѡ˷
Ԫںһʱγһֻ͸ɫ壬֮ϣأ͵Ĺâ
ԪؾҪںϳɹǿ˶ϣҪֹںϣ嵽ںϵʮ׵ʱͻȻе⣬ۿɼٶԪء
ȫһֻ棬ڼǰ;һˣǶ˵תӡ
Ȼ̤ڶʱһ⻷ͽȫסˣ̶ǵ⻷ԪںΪһֵһߣڹ£֮䣬ֻһ׸ˡ
ʹʱĭһ⣬ֻǣĿǰҲֻʣˣţӣţүӶ⡣
ֻǣǶ壬˶û
Ҷֻʣվһ۹ۿĭӵ˳⣬һ˿Цݡ
˾ӳʱԪɫ֮У򻺻Ʈ˵ˡ
Ӵһ˲䣬ѷһοɽȥˡţսʮսǷֳʤ
һսУ˫ʧǺܲصģȻʤҶһǣҶһˣʧȥҲǳ˵ˡ
ҶԼԪأŷӡһԲˣ
˱˴˵۾һʱ֮Ĭˣһ콥ػָƽ˼һ
ʹʱдˬʵЦ
˼ͬʱ̧ͷ鸴ӵգ
ռһıӣһȺʼջӲֻأ
һγأÿ˶ǻʽڣǳΪϵĹˣȻǹӲֻصˡ񲷺ռƹ˾ˣ͵Ӳռİţ
ҶƳһĭһЦ
а취Ҷʵ
ǺǺǡǺ˵ǰȻˣĭЦ
ҶֱӺˣɶʱˣĭڿЦҶֻܵһĭϾ˸ã̫ˣʿЩһֻҲɵǡ
ȻʵȴǣǼʿȴҲһҲֹۣһֻǣսʤһֻǣԷʵǼʮ֮ϡ
ӡǲҸǵһλᣡռЦվߣĹѾԴʱܹ
ҶϲƳһţ̾һţӡǣɣ
۶Ҷϣû˵Ȼǲˡ
ĭæſŵĶϣ󹾹˵Ҷϵ˼룺Ҳգõʿ֤֮ǰҪԶɱǣ
ռ⻰Цˣţǲ̫ʶʱˣǻʲôʸ̸ûϵǲԸ⽻ӡɱȫӽϴ˾ǡ
Ϊûдӡڤλãʮһε߽ᡭͻȻЦ
⻰һڣռɫһɱвϷ߽ᣬڤȱϯҲһˣ
Ǻǣȱϯʮΰ˴Σڤ߽֮ͬأ㲻ǣû˻ĴڣżЦЦص
ûϷһγ˳㻹һ񣬾߽ףһᵱ棬뺯˵ţͻȻðһɫҡ
ʹߡռЩȵŻ
ûϷ߽ʹߡЦǺǵ˵˵ʱȫɢ͵Ĺâ
Ǹ뺯ӦңҲڤףռ
𲻽ЦһʵԲֻڤӡ˵ţ𽫺ɫҽҶϡ
Ҷϲÿɷƣǣʱע⵽һ˿Ц⣬˻˼æȥ뺯
ռͻȻһһ˲ڻҶϵмλãֱץס˺ɫ뺯ҵģ˭Ҳߣ
˵ţץס˺ɫ뺯ʱһЦһƿҶϡ
Ҷ֪ҪˣԹԵĶˣ֮䣬Ʈĭߡ
ʹʱһЦɣ̰ǧУ
⻰˵꣬ռеĺɫ뺯ͻȻһɫӣռȫ
ţͻȻս˲ռ壬һ˲䣬ռһ飬һˡ
һû뵽һʱĲռôȻϢ̵ľͱ֮ˡ
ǣΪ˳ֻóһֻСƿӣƿڳ֮ͻȻúܴ󣬽ѵ鶼ˡ
һҶҲЦˣռһЩʧȥ˧ŵݣǶȻҶ֡
ʹʱдһ¡¡̧ͷٿʱȴǸ޶ȵĴ껳ˣһȺԶԶؾͺҶϣϵܣû°ɣ
ҶϿЦѣһڲų֣ʲô˼ѵǲ֮Уʦˣܳˡ
ܺãֻǱɹ˶ѣҶϻص
һЦݣ֮ɨһˣĿɨĭʱ򣬲Ȼʧ񣺡ϣ˭
ٸҿʦһۣŪϹ۾˳ס˴껵ߡ
ϣôƷŮȴȵˣϧ˵ϻˣҽӭȥģӦ֪˰ɣȻѾ֪ҶϵݣȴҲһɵӡ
Ҷϵϣ껾ʮȵתزΰܲأ
ϴ˵⻰֮ȴǹˣȻֵܣǲ١껲μڤ£
⻰һڣЩڲ֪Ĺһ˽ˣһѡ˹Ҷϡ
ҶͻȻ˴껹⣬а̾껻ûб䣬ȻǴɫ
Ҷ΢Цǰ˫ȥ껡
ȻҶָӴ껵һ̣ͻȻ껱һҶϵؿڣһֱ˩Ҷϵϡ
ϡСģǴ껣ĭţ嵽ҶߣֻΪʱҶϵ߿ˡ
㵨ڹһҾͰģģ˿ЦţɫͻȻ任˲ռա
ղ˭ҶͻȻֵ
ȻҵĺͽռЦŻص
ԭռѾ˴껵ǣҪ֪µĵطɱˣһʧԼ
ӡҵģҷŴӡúãռ˵ţһ
ҶͻȻҺһػԲѡ
εĴӴ֮Уȡ˴ӡǣҪ㷢ģˣһҲɱ
ռͻȻЦһͻȻһж˴ӡ̶һ̤գɱǣһҲ
һܵĹͻȻҶϵˣ


314 ͳ
ĭæ嵽ҶߣٶȽ⿪ҶϵĻߣ
Ҷ۾һڷɳȥĿǰӭսˣλǰֻĭˡĭȻǷ򳪸ս
˭Ҳ벻ڲռЦŷһξ֮ͻȻͣס˽ŲЩֵǰǡ
ԭ˷ܵ뿪ʱǰͻȻһӴĺɫӰӣӰӿȥʮ׸ߣȫһƣݡ
ռϸɨһۣȷ֮ͻȻЦΪʲô˲Ľɫأԭ¿û±ܳ˺òã
ͻȻŭһ˲أص˲䣬˪ɫ嵽ߣЩӵӣ۽Ứڡ
ӹ֮󣬾֣΢΢ԥһ£˵Ըɣ
⻰˵꣬׵˸Ƶ壬ͻȻʮɴСһ̣ȥɣ
⻰˵꣬һȭ㴷ڲռϣػʮ׶࣬Ӹոս񣬲ûеõԴ飬ټ䣬˵Ҳ죬ܳΪԣʵԶԶûô
ռ֮࣬ͻȻЦˣһȭȻˣǾǻԶأҲ˵ɱĿܲ뵽ˣռͻȻ³Լȵĳ˵£ŲŴһӱмʮô֮󣬼ʮ֦ӵ֮ϣ̶ÿ֦һֻȭͷӵϣÿһطˡ
ʱλǰһһ׷ɱţ壬ҲֻǶѣʶһٱŻүӡ
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315 
ڤ飬ʱôˣտʼëºʹ˳ҲͦĵģǣԽʷԽԽ࣬һſһˡ
ëһĿɬҲ֪ҶΪʲôҪɽøˣ
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˶Ҳ˵˵Դ껵ҰģеȨëȻ֮ǰٲǺܸðǣȻӦҶϵУ;ṼˡҲҶѡëΪ̳˵ɣ
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