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1
Һײ˹סҽԺ
鷢ĸ֮
æһݻ߹ˡԼѣϼʰһЩ
Ϊԭڶסϼڼٹһس֮УһһЩڼ⣬ʱܹȥ
һΪյĸϢ˼٣һȥ
ĸ׵ʬھӷֵģƽʱ岻ãƽʱ绰ϵʱҲû˵ʲôʹ֮ࡣ
ھӷʬʱĸѾ졣Ϊûߣϵ֮Ҳ˾
˵ҽĽĸļģ֮ûϢ֮
ϼǱߵķףٰһɥҲûˡ
ɥҿ޵ĺܲңʵںƽʱûг̫ʱֻڣһжѾˡ
ѵֽ죬һֱڰοң˵Щƽڰ֮Ļ
ͷߺĵڶ죬ҽӼʰһ£һЩõĶһͬ
ϼҵҹĳУ·ֻͨһ·ߡ
һϹ·ǵ˳Ϊɽɽ·Ť߲˶ԶһһɽŤģ
쿪ڸݵλãΪʵ̫ۣһϳ˯ˡ
ԺɫѾҿ˿⣬ɽϵӺںģʲô
˲ԶųƣҺȻǰ·վһˡҲ·ϣģ
Ҳˣ֪ΪΣȻһ˵ǼˣʮѾ߰˸򳵵ˡ
Ѱ˼ɽҲʲôֵ飬û׼˵ĳˣʵڵȲˣԼǰˡ⣬ʲôѶϡ
ĸ׸ԵʣЩΣɶ˵ͣɣû׼ʲô鷳ȫ»¡
һۣҲҼƽ̫ࡣ
٣ͣ˱ϡ
ҡ³ΪڵĹϵ˵ֻҪȥģ
֪֧֧ģֱֻȻҺһۣĵ⻹Ǹư͡
ûģֱӶ˵Ǹʱ䣬Ҫ˳·͸ϿȵҪ³ĵطͺһ
ͷѽѽģ򿪳˺ϡ
ֿʼǰһۣɫܰףۿȴܺڣúġȻҲٽŴٵ飬ҿοҺˣҪĻ죬Ҳǲµġ
һֱǰΪո˯ѵԵʣҲû˯ˡֻһûһš֪Ѿ߳ɽ·Ҳûưͽк
ֹһᣬȻң˵ֵܣûое䰡
ӣе¡Ϸ·ݵҲó
룬Ϊڳ̫ãҹԵʡ
ǹ˲ã˵˰˵ǲеͷˣ˭֪쿴˺ӾһۣͻȻһ˵ʲô
ұһΪ˴ٵģæתͷȥ
һȴ㱳ȥ
Ǵư;ȻˣϣĪ˸õֽˣ
ֽ·ֽĿӣѩѩף۾ĵطźֽ
ƽ޹ʿֶҶʱҲˡ亹ֱðưأ
Ҳˣɲ֪ͣ˰쾹Ȼûһô
ˢİˡҹԼҲòȥżѣͻȻ۵һֽУŵһһ
ֻ԰׵ͻȻӺ˹һץסҺļ
ǲԼͬȥֻưͻȻֳںϣ̽ͷ
ֻһУһԵһײ·ߵĻϣͷĿѣʲô֪ˡ
ʱҽԺʿ˵Լƶ̫أͿԳԺ
ļͰߣһֱҽԺ죬ʱо˽ϾУǻµסǶǸֽ˵ֻδᣬ֪˵ˣҲֻΪǸӡһҧɲʧԵʣ΢ҵǣ첻ɵ˵ҲǺһ̨ʡ
֮ҳԺˡĵһ£ȥ졣
Ҹ˼绰һֱǹػ״̬û취ֻܴá
СѾͷС͸ҺƨɺܣҲ֪˵ñЩһԵʱѾתԺ
Ϊ֪Ϊĸһϼң顣ʱһֱظ飬ĸΪܲæתԺԶһЩ
СѾͷڵ绰º˵һ˼ǣĸ鲻ڲϣҺ棬ǶǶʮһΨĺ꣬ŷЩĶûаЩϡ
ֻǸסҽԺλãԼĸƽʱҽԺʱ䡣ĩˣСѾͷһ˵̷磬Ҹɵˣ֪ǲ𵴵Եʣǲ˰ɣ
￩һĬ˰ûش
Ҳȵĵİɣ
æΣͺ±˰Լ￴һ˵ܰǳ⡣
СѾͷŶһû׷ȥ
ʵҲɹ᲻Ϊĸ׸ոչ鲻ãڵԵʣԿˡ
һ룬ҲŶԡ˿ãǾȥһ档
絽ҽԺСѾͷĻʱĸĸڡ
²ţ603
˵ݣһ·ֱ
˲ҵ֡
һң
Ѱ˼Լûſ޵ͣæôˣ
һҵ֣ŪԱߵᡣ
˵ֵܿ㿴ˣһΪˣ˭˭Ҳ˵顣
⻰ҲЩѹֻʣһ˵ĸо츸ĸ˼УھǲĴʡһ˶ٶЩţҶӣҿ϶Ҳ⺦סԺɨǽӴ
뿪ڰο䣬ҵͻȻ˽ѹ˵Ҳ˰ɣզײ˰ɣ
һʣҷ֪ôˡȻҾԼûпСѧϰ۵Ķʵûеס
ԥʱͻȻиͷ߽
Ĳһ֡ͷһԱߵĴֿ˿ǣ˵Сӣߴ˰ɣҵĴ
㶿죬ͷЩɫЩ㲣ǲ˺ܾá
컹ûعұ廰˵үֵܶס˼ˣûúסĸ䡣
˭֪ͷģԼλ
ģվָŴβĲүƣ˭Ĳ涼д
ͷһۣ˵ûҵĴ
һ˵Ҷʱɵˣæǲȥ
ֻһд֣¶
ͷָ֣˵ƣû˵ɣҵĴ
֪˵ЩʲôĳȥҲңŵı顣
֪һס˼ĲˣҲûɵܴĵزæͷ˵үһ£ȥʻʿû׼Ǹˡ
ͷֻһûмѡ


2
Ҹͷʾһ£æ߳һ·ûһʿ˰죬ڹսǵһС칫￴˵Ӱ
ţһ΢ֵŮתͷʲô¡
ǲǰѵĲͲŪˣλء
Ůûһۣ˵²ֱ֡˵졣
һеļ¼˵6031ǿǱߵĴ
Ѱ˼û˯طɴβǲ֡
ŮƺЩͷ۾ŭֻɶ˶סˣѵǻ
Ҷ̬ʵ˭ǲˣ͵ÿɫ˭֪˽¸ʹʲôӡ
˵ǲϣдǸг¶֡
һ仰ڣʿɫʱˡ˭Ҳû˵Ǳ˴˿һۣŮûȻһ䣬˵дʲô
¶
ظһ飬ͷڲߵأȥһ°ɡ
˭֪һһ˵꣬Ů˺Ȼϵļһģȵ˵ͬ־ɱǵңæأ
ҶʱˣĸİԼ⣬󻹷ˣԼŮˣҲ÷ֻ΢΢Ӵ˵˼ͷʹˣûŪǺôȥһۣѲɵţ
ŮˢվҰһͷŲӵң˵㴩ģģȥһˣ˿Цܿǰɣ
һ⻰ʱסˡŮ˵ҵӣޱ棬Цӣ亹һ¾ðˡ
˼Ҳ˵࿴һۡҹҵɫܲʲôҲû˵תͳĲȥ
ſڣҺȻҽȥվԥܾãӶͷ
һ뵽컹أŮ˵ĻǼ٣ܲһԡ
Ҳ΢΢ͷ￴һۣøƵġ
˭֪ʱ򣬺Ȼ˴ӱһ£ŵҲ
æͷȥŷǸֻʿһۣҲҵķӦˡ˵ģһһէĸ
˵꣬һ۾ͳȥ
æȥ˸ԼһܹһЩ
ɽ˲ȴûͷӰӡֻһĪĿˡ
Ůң˵ģ
Һ죬ʵͷأ
쿴һۣʣͷ͸ȥ
һ⻰žˣͷѵǸôʶ
ϸ룬ŮָŴβĲͻȻ˵ƣдĲ죿ʲô¶˿ЦҲҪиȣ
һ˵꣬Ҳǣתˡ
Ҽæǿȥֻһȷʵ֡ոһУѵֻҵĴҲͷѽ
ֻҵúܣ̧ͷɫҲѿղŮ˵ķӦҲ˴룬˰죬ŵǵң˵ôˣѵּˣ
˰죬֪ôش
ʱɫȻһһ˫۾ϴֵ˵һͻȻֲõԤС
һûعͷȥһϵЩƣʣСӣŪ˰ɣҵĴ԰ɡ
һĭÿڸվԭزҶϵ·Ѿˮ͸ˣڱϡ
б۾¿һֻۣϵֱ֣˳¶֡ڴϣֱֱ󣬴ҳһڡ
ȻֻԼʲôһѹ۽ǵ⿴ȥҿһֻϿ֣ҵļϡ
ҾһһҲױˣ۾壡ҲһͦӣʹӴһ·񱼡
һֱܵſڣͣİµİťԽż;õݵٶԽ
һ·ܹ˲˵ע⣬ο컹Ųŷ۾˹
ղŵŮ˻û߻ذ칫ңͿǴӲ񱼳һ£׷ϹܹʲôҽԺҪҪײô죡
һס죬ǳ㣬һ˲úţɶ
켱ĴУԺҲסˣҲסˣ
ǡʱݴһŻһ´ˡ˿ֻʿģһ㶡ҺҲô̧࣬žʹ˽ȥ
ٽţһ603ķһۣǸͷվſڣ˼Ŀˡ
˵ݣҺȻ
Ƕû˵Ҳ֪˵ʲôһֱǣƱ⾪ʧģŵùǺݸһ㣬һ򿪣ˢˢȫˡ
Һ첻ҳȥֻŵݸϿ쵽һ㣬뿪ҽԺ
һ·£;żͣһᣬţȴûһˡ
˰˵ݵİťΪȴת˻ԭ߿ˡҺѾܲ˾ţܾⲻ顣ÿζ͵Ĳϰŵİť
ڵ˵¥ҺͬʱһŴ򿪵˲Ƕסˡ
վŵģĸĸ
ͬҲһ㶣벻￴ǣο컹Ų˵·
һ»عͽ˵죬Ҫȥģ
˵ֿ˿ңô
ͣ½ͣˢľ˳ȥĸӦ˵վסʲô
ȻڱǼƽ飬Һ춼һֻգòײĸоôлǲͣ£ͷҲصĳҽԺ
Ҳ첽׷ȥֱ߳ҽԺţյĸо
վҽԺ⣬ֳϴҲһ¶ͷŷǺˮͷƤϡͷһҽԺĴ¥ҵ603λáǴûأ紵ҷš֮⣬ûʲô쳣
ĸĸ׷˳ûԶŷһЩ
輱æܵߣʲôˡ
Ĭ˺ܾãζû˵һ仰ʲìͷһת˵Ҷôˣ
֧˰죬֪ôֻͣͻ˵ײˡ
ǸŵˣҺʶʼѾ֪˵ٹھ񾴷顣һ仰ʱˣָҵıҾ֪СϲɾŪҼҶסԺ㻹ӲҪŪûſģҹ
ұڽһ衣
ϻģЩ׿ײ鲻˵쳵סԺºҲѲ˸ϵֻ÷̣˵

һû˵꣬쳣һģͲˡ
޷ֻܸʹɫȻ˵䣬尢̣ˡ
һæȥк졣
ǾոһƽһЩڻؼҵĹϣһֱڻ顣
˰ҲûȻֻҺӦöûʲôϻײ飬˵ײôԵ޹ʵģ


3
뵽󣬲֪ǲҲճԺõԵʣԴ۵ҪɴͲˡ
һ·ǰͣͣߣʱˣȥˡһվҲ͵ҼҸ
סڶ⣬·΢еƫġƴҪǼѵ顣
ﳵϵ˻Ǻܶ࣬Ǻһϰ塣һվˣùԵøӵ
һＷȥҲкܶСùǺ
߾ͱһˣǸͷ׵̫̫ƽʱҲе㹫ĵģʲôҲǳ£ֻǽʵû⾫ˡҲҲܻǵãҲ˶
иëڽҶʲôܾߵ˶ڶңָָ㡣֪㲻㱻֢֮ࡣ
ԥһ£ûס뷴Ҳ쵽ˣվ̫˵ɡ
֪˺޷ӦҵһվŵļɻĿһۣЩΡ
һ̾ȥ
ǲһ¾ͱˣǳøģ
㵵ĿһۣͻȻһ䣬ɵƣ
ҪŭӺȻһ٣Ūվȣæһץסŵķ֡
̧ͷǶȣպܹϵͶӰұǻŭͻȻһ¾ήˡ
ΪҺȻ֣ǴӡӰȻûվߵˣ
Ҿվűߣץŷ֣Ҳҳһڡ۾ֱĿǲϵͶӰãб۽ǣɨԵһۡͬһҲң·붨һ㡣
ҲҶ࿴ͻȻע⵽ԼٸнֻŹϿͣ
Խξ͸оʱԽ̶̵һվ룬ҵĸоͺ˳һȦôԱߵ˳˾Щӵ֮ⶼûʲô쳣ͻȻ֣ѵֻһ˿õˣ
¸ոʱ˵ķӦȷʵûǰվŸ˵ӡ
ѵԵ޹Щֲ飬ǳģ
ҲҼȥ˾ͺһ̲סš
ʱ򣬹һɲһϲڿվˣ
Ÿոմһ϶ҰȾȥû뵽ûסӣһˤڵϣ
һ󾪺м䳰ЦЩҶ⣬ŻŵĴӵתͷһۣŲҲûͣ¡
һҾͺˣ
붨һ̫ţѾվҵֱڶϣĿ͵ң
ǰܣ֪˶˵ע⡣
ҹһŶʮƴˡʱǧԼѾԶԳԽǰٶȺˡ˹ȻͷܹǱġֻԼ϶ͷ
ƽʱӹվ̨ҵסҪʮӣû뵽һ·񱼣Ȼֻ߰˷ӵʱ䡣
ķƳд֣Ȼõģʩ㲻ƽЩƫƧĺͬǰֽŶµͳԿףԽļľԽǴ򲻿ţﲻ֪˶ٱ顣
ҲϻͷȥǸ̫ŵӰӣһ
һţ˾ˡȻһκϴֽôΣգ̼֮£ҵľѾ˼ޡҪһҹԼֱֻſڵϵˡ
ܽһѵ֪ʲôʱ˵ģ֮ĶбаĹܡ
һЩѹˣ˵˯ʱ򣬰ѵѹͷ£ͲٷƵ
ƽʱЩŹŹֵֹ˽ⲻࡣȫҽõֶλˡ
ڷſڰ˴⣬ź˾ӡȻ֪ʲôãǰĿֲӰƺôݵġ
úһУڴϣȫñӸǵʵʵġѵͷߣֻҪ־õ
һֱڸ߶Ƚŵ״̬κη紵ݶҾʧ롣
ôһֱڱƵóһҲһ
һʵ̫۵ĹϵҲ֪Ȼ˯ˡ
˸Σμĸ졣
֮ǰ˲̽ӡҾ͹ڹײıϣһһǻ
ȻȻһѣתͷﱧŸֽˣһĿң˵Ÿѽû
Ҹ֣ȻָŹײ˵ơ
̽ͷȥȻֹײĸǲ֪ʲôʱ򲻼ˡĸ׻Ǻúõ棬ûиζҼһģһ
ͻȻ˵Ҳ㿴棬㿴
ֻĪ̧ͷȻֹײһߣȻһˣҸղ̽ͷŹײʬ塣
̧ͷҲҵһЦ
Ҷʱסˣźһ裡
͵һʱ˹ŷԼ亹׸ղŲǸζѣųһ
֪ʱֻͻȻˣֱŵһΡ
ҾԼһһէЩЦϺĨһѣԼһЩôɹġ
ֻһʾġ
ҽôˣ
˵⣬˰ҲûӦ
ŷȷʵǽڣ
˵šȻ˵绰һʱ䣬˯һ졣ֻﻹʮδӣǸ˾һͬ´ġ
һȥ쿪ţһ˴绰ʲô顣Ȼ뵽ٵѾˣϰӣ
һҪ¶ˣ֪Ҫô͵λ͡
Ҵţվ⣬˷ܼƵģûסԺˡ
߽ڸŶ챻ĵˣǶڼﲻ
˵˯һܸôˣ
ٺһЦ˵ġ
һ̫߳ˣҡͷš
æ˵費֪ȥ˸ģ¸˼˵ˣȥаء
һѰ˼磬Ӧһ£ҪаŶ԰ɣ
ȻôţҲû˵һ£ʹӦˡ
λҲûȥϾǮȣСȽҪ
Ҽ򵥵ϴһ£뵽Ҫţﻹûʲô
ڼȻƵĻţҲҪȫöࡣ
ɫԣæǲֳʲôˡ
Һ˼䣬ûؼҵʱײ¡
˵ʵȻһʱ䣬ѵҲֻˡǴСʶҲܵԼײ鱻֪ҲһϲɾʹԶҡ
ٻЩ˽ĵġײ²ͬģ˶Ầ£ҲŵʲôʱҲҾԶ֮
ϴ꣬ڿ㶵һСĵӣǺܶ˹Կܸ֡Լһο
ţҲſֵĳͣڶ棬ѵѵҲһҲ˹
ɻǿҵ˼˵ǳϴײ˰ûҲҿˡֱӰҰֵĳˡ
⳵ѾˣɸпǮǺã⳵뻻ͻ
վڳԣһϳ㷢ʲô㶰
ҲŻܵλϡ
һֱųߣþͳЩģа
˵ҲôҵģЩ⽨ŵȦͦ˵ǸϹ̫ţҶ̫̫
˵־֪ʲô񣬵ЩƬĸо
ЦЦ˵ǰҿЩ˵ģû뵽һײĵˡ֪ҵù㵹ùء
ô˵ЩΣһֱһԵʣˣȻȻ;ҵ⡣


4
æѻ֪֪Ǿ̫̫ʲôˣ
˵ֻҽ£˵ڼϾţСͳ۰ʲôܿҶŹ֣ԶԶʮ˻û޳ȥò˸ȳȵˣǸʱ˻ûʲôΪġ
Ϊ˹ӣ̫̫Ϳʼĵֵеû뵽ЩϡŹֵ鶼һ˵һ׼⽥ˣҲˡ
ڣ֪ܶеǮˣٻЩЩ񰡵Ķ㿴֪ˡֻͼƽҲǮǮ١ŮͳɸˣԱ˲Ž̫̫
ô˵ʵﻹЩ̫̫ͬ̾˼һϹӣһȳӣܻ쵽죬϶Ҳס
˵İ̫̫˺һûˣǲϹģһһ󲡣Ժ۾Ϳˣ˾˵ƽʱй¶̫ˣͷԺһֱƽûʲôˡ
ұ˿ڣþ̫̫ĹȫԸıһ⽨ŮԷܶʷˡȻ̲һЩô껹㸻㡣
°ͣ˵ˣǾ̫̫ңˡ
̧ͷ˳ȥŷѾǽˡΧЩСƽֻһӵСǰͣһ˵Ǿ̫̫ļҡ
˳վ⡣Ӽ֮ͨǰȫͬ
һΪ̫̫סĵطһۣܿڲͬЩаƷǽ˻ɫֽǰǷ㲻֮ࡣ
ЩһûУҪ첻˵ҶһǮ˼ҡ̫̫µ͵úܡ
ţһ溰ˡ
һϳ˵裬˱ѵ׼
Ȼһ򿪣վڷæ죬ôȥôãɵˣҪǾ̫̫˵һȥķһ
ϹҲסæ˵Сֵģû¡
һۣ˵̫̫ء
ûйΪѣһ˽ȥ
һӣҾŵһѬζζ
ζŨЩŶ˾ȻЩͷΣ·Լ˰ͷ¯һеŻ
ҿһۣƺζУ֮ǰûʲô
߽İڷŵļҾ߼Ϊ£ƽ˼ҲִͬļҾߣ֮Ķһã湩ŵģЦշ
һߵɳϣһͷףúŮˡ˿ܾڵߣ֪˾Ǵеľ̫̫ˡ
ϸϸһۣ̫̫۾ͫǰɫģէЩˡ֪ǵùʲôۼ
֣Ц˵̫̫Ҷˣ
˵꣬кҺǰȥ
˭֪̫̫ͻȻѱŵֳƵšһ𣬺һ
Һ춼סˣҲһﻹû˵Ļȥ
̧̫̫֣ͻȻָң˵ȥ
һָòƫУҡ
ҺһۣЩ̫̫ǲϹˣװϹͬҡײƭ
ȥ
̫̫ҲּӴһ䡣ӶʼǺ޲վϡ
̫̫æǳ̫̫ȥûУ
Ҳ֪Լˣ˵ˡɸҳȥȻңֺα˷ʱ䡣
յתͷߣæһѣ˵
˦֣˵㲻
̬һ¾ˣ˵ţʲôٺ˵
ûԹ߳䡣
һŵĿǼûŨζʱࡣ
˵ʵôԴûǲܵġͺ˵ײ˹ˣҲԲʲô̫̫һˡ
ԽԽɴ⣬˸̡ǽƵҩһǿһЩ
űߵĿϣ£תͷһۣǽ߰ŲССޣÿֻȭͷСúֽſӡĶһ𣬴Ŷʮӡ
ֽϣŲ߰ͼϸǲע⵽ġһȤһ
ֱģ滹вˮգɵ¶ˮµĺۼƮƮģҡҡ졣治ѣҿĺֽ
ʱͻȻˣΪ죬תͷһŷֲǡ
ǸͺҲˣһɫTһ˯ģһۣеĹӡͻȻ˵Ҫ㣬ͲȥЩ
Ѱ˼ܾ;̫̫ӣҶ˼ҵĶǲõġƲƲ죬Ͱѹ˳ַ˻ȥ
ߵǰ̣߰ЦЦ˵ʵûأҲһ֧ɡ
Ұһۣǳһ֧Լֵһ֧
һڣ³ЦЦ˵ϳˣԳ㾿Ǹʲôˣ³
֪ԼˣΪǾ̫̫ӣ˵ģ̫̫ʮ飬ڹʮ꣬͵ȻӦúҲࡣ
˵ʲô뿴ҵĻҸоԼ԰ĺӣûɵơͰ㿴ʲôˡ
һ˵ᦰ
ûһ飬ʲô
ᦡ
һ̣˵ͺлᦣһҡˡ
ƣҳֶˣ
˵Ȼָֻ࣬Ƶһƺѣ˵ġĶײ
ȻûЩ߶߶˴ﳣݵģǶȸ۸ñӣ˵øԺ˵ôôֽܰѣĿľΪǮ
ߵ·ӵǺ͵Щһ
ʲôֻھ˵ˡƽƽ˶ʮ꣬Ҳ̯Щ¡
ЦţҲ˵ƣ뿴ҪЩʲô
ֵֻ°ɣȽѴʹˣͽֻЩ־ܽС¡
⻰͸һ̫󣬲ôһзӣֻǴ۴㣬ȻҪʼҪǮˡ
ҺٺһЦֱ˵Ҹô죿
˭֪ûƣ˵ô죿£
һЦӣҲЦˡ
ڵϰͷŪ˵㻹ţոսҼңûŵζ
ŨŻζѵ滹ѧʣ
˵ζƽ˿ŲģרĶҪžòǾ˵̫أù㵱ͬˡ
ղŽݵȷʵûʲôӦζЩͷĿѣġ
־ҵİϷû׼ֻΪܲǸζ
Ҳ˵˵ⷴӦҾˣ˵û
ţȻӿ㶵óһŰɫֽݸһʱЦá
Ƭñʻġдֺ͵绰룬ԭ˽ǰ滹ģд˸רҵʦš


5
ҿƬһоԼϷˣ˭ôһͻŪдƬ氡
˵պˣ¾ʹ绰ңһġ
ҶʱˣĻƭǮֻߵ·ӲѰѡ
ʣղŲ˵ֻܵˣǻҪ绰
һЦһûأе棬ӴӴԺҲо顣
һĴȣСǰҵС˰
˼ͷ˵Ҳ룬Сһܰ£û׼㻹ܻõ㣬໮
ǡʱֿˡ
˳ɫܲÿﻹŸֽˡһģͻȻǸˡ
ƺҲͬڵľһһ
ҼɫŹ֣ôˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ûʲô
㱧
쿼һ£Ÿң̫̫˵ֽԭʱյĶںܶطֻͨǰֽ˷ڷĹԱߣʱȻšⱾν顣صصĶʱˣٶմȾһЩ
˵һ룬ͻȻտڲˡ
Ƶúܣ˵
쿼ǰ죬֧֧ĵƽʱҲûʲôˣһ壬ЩϵĹҲɢˡǡ
˵ֱ졣
˵ֻ˵һ룬ʱЩˡҪæҽͣ˵ЩǾ̫̫˵ġ˵ΪϹ̫أͱɽЩûյֽ˶ˣǰ·ظѰ
һţĩˣȻĵ˵ͷӻԣҪĻ⳵ֱӾͿϻȪ·ˡ
ͷ޹ҡͻȻҲղŤŤӣ⻰˵ھΡףǺͶ֮ǰ˼ࡣ֮һеķΪҡ
ԭɣֻǲȷѡ죬ҹԼҲ֪ôںͣҪûҪŵԭ˵
ôһ룬ҺȻȻˡղŵĻҲɢˡҹ¼ҹһּͥͬԴͷңܱá
Ҳ˵ˣΪһæסң˵ᣬЩҲǰŰɵġʲôԭһǰ㵱ֵܵġ
ЦЦȻסֻǲڼ⣬ʣֽҪô
˵ֽ̫̫ˣǳĵطˡһ䣬һȥҸš
˳һ䣬ô죿ҲҲײˣ
æ˵ղնһģҪײϵĹءҪȥˣû׼
⻰һ˵ԼûʲôȴˣŶֵ£ʲô죿ϲ۹ʲô£
һػ۾գգͣһίĶ㵽ұ
Ȱˣֻʵʵ˵ѡ̫̫ô˵ô¡˭ֲЩ
ݺݵĵ˶һۣŶһָָֽˣ˵ȥȻȥⶫյĻš
ҵͷҲûݸ;̫̫кҹҲҡֻͶҡҡ֣˵ݰݡ
Ҫߣһ˵Ǹ绰
ЦЦû
ϳӣֽ˶ںϡоϴײʱһǰ棬һֽˡչŹֵûš
ҲˣҲϴεľǶЩ£ת˻ȥֽ˷ں̹һЩ
ȥ·ϣҺ춼û˵֪Ȼ첻⣬Լθпһû١ҿãǾԺҪʲô飬ҿҲѴ̵ġҲҲŹҡ
Ҷ˵ڻҵ˾ȥɡ̫̫ǱӦûʲôˣҲûع˾쵼˵һһûȥϰ顣
ҹĵطǿ˳վһԱֻЩµԱƸ׶ΣǵĹһ¾ʹ˲١
⣬ڿվѾǨ⣬쿪öãܵһؼʡ˲ʱ䡣
ûʲôϾ˵ֻһн΢͵ĹҲҺڣӲá
ûǾ͵ˡ
˳к˵˾䣬µĻ绰ϰֻеϵܰ
ҡһ˵ģֻǺ쵼˵һ£ʲô¡
ŷӡվ·߿Զˣȴһֱû߽λ˵ʵﻹͦġϾֻǻڷԣÿ쵼ɫﴧĦ˰ý͵ĻײȻǲ˵ģֻ֮ǰĳ¡
ôڣҲųλ˹ȥǲŷ֣ʱ˴𽻵оϾͺײһһģýŶС
٣ѧżٻؼҵĸ߷Ѿˡվûô࣬ɻﲻ
߽칫¥ֱ쵼İ칫ҡɸ߲ԶͬһҵԱѾʮƽʱ硣һݱңæкӴС̷ˣôͳԺˣ
ԼסԺҲû͵λ˵ô֪ˣ
˵ǰһסԺ쵼֪ˣֻҲ֪Ҷæһȥءû뵽ôͳԺˡûʲô°ɣ
ЦЦ˵û£˵Ƥѡ
Ĳ˵Ҫ̽ôҲܳʱġƽʱ˹ͬҲûʲôҲϡĻ˵ͽп룬˴򽻵һˣҲûʲôѡ
ôһ˵ҶҲЩȻ쵼Ҳ֪ҲòȥϹࡣ
ͽ߿ֱ쵼İ칫ҡţӦһ˽ȥ쵼ڰ칫ǰͷϵļ
ɫ̫ãʱ۵ùǺңŴϵļǿЦһ£˵С̷ˣôͳԺˣæһȥء
⻰һģӡģ׻˵˵ȥǼ䡣
˵ûɶ£ѾԺһûϰ࣬쵼Ǹ
쵼˵ûû£㼸١ھͷӦҲˡ
⻰޲óԼһͣ˭Լƨƨߵˣ
ǿջЦ˵Ҳûӵżٵ֪ͨ
쵼治ɫ˵С̷֪ģֲԱֳЩ˳顣쵼Ҳͷ۵ĺܣһʱչ˲ҲеġûˣͺúϢһ£ϰɡ
ҹ˵µԱָˣЩ˹˾ȵ˼һӻֲĿŵıֻ˵ûˣ׼ʱġ
쵼˵ͷ˵ãϺúϢϰо
߳칫ң̰һӻûطܲʹ졣
ʱ˽ҵ֣Ҽ磬Ҳûʲôɫ
߽ˣı˵㿴С̷ʹͿˣղžøģ˵仰ˡǰĲ񱨱ҵǲѾˣȥҪûʲôͿԽ̸쵼ˡ
ҡŶһʵûʲô˼˵磬ҴؼϿɣҲ޸ģϰʱֽ쵼
ͷ˵û£С
˵꣬͸һǰһ¥
칫¥£ʵǿվƱͳ˳ʱˣʲô˶ܼ
Һһ߳;ӲѣЩֵ
ⲻһ¥Ϳȶ˾Ƶںﳳ£ȻڵȳУ֪Ϊʲô鳳
һһȥ˲ԶԶΧۡ
Ҳ̲ס濴һۣһ£ŰӣΪ˾Ƶԭƨɡ
ҵģȴǵִǸ˱ϣſһͲСŮƤЩң̫ûȱѪһɫֻ˲ϣһ
ƺû֪ÿҪĶȶܴ󣬵ǲСӱ˦
·ǸоҵĿ⣬СͻȻתͷҲǺѪɫңͻȻһЦ


6
ôǸ飬ιЩ꾫ԣĻЦݡ
ҾһСֱǼȻģɾ˶ĻһţᱻСӵѻ˵˰ɣĶײ
С̷ôˣ
ɫŹֳ֣Ҽһѡұ˼СϣõͻȻôһ
ŵ̷˵Ŀⶼҿ˹
Ҽæס죬ڱҵ·Ҳܲô˫۾ߡʣС̷㵽ôˣ
Ҳţֻǵ͵͵ĻӦ磬ǸŰӵ˱ϣǲſŸСŮ
˷ϵ۾۾һۣ˵ǡֵֹġ
ҿһȻҲܿ˵СӦòǹˡ
һ־òԣ֮ǰֽˣҽԺͷɶҺһ𿴵ġѲ˭ߵ׽ˣ˭ܸҿЩÿģ
ԶΧ۵˼Һûɶÿģ½½ƿߣתǼȥ
һ֮ǰľ𹫽ϵ̫ţƺӾһĶղӰӵġվͣųʲôĴȱ
ͷһҪ̽׵ĳ嶯ˡתͷ˵˾䣬һᡣ
ûӦһ̾ܵһſͳǰĲ˸ǶȣպܹĵӰ
⣬ɻѣҲվԱߣֿٶͷԡ
ҿ˰죬Ȼܹ򳵴ľ󣬵ǼվŲΧ۵ˣҪСǲĴڣܲ㡣
Ƶúܣ翴һģʣС̷Ӹղſʼ߶߶ĥʲôأ
ҿһۣڻ˾ûɶתͷ򴰻
ţҳױŵˣ
⻹ǵĿǰΪֹҴδйĸоͺһˮͷ˽ţ
˵ڿ־ʱɥʧ˼άûа취ǽк룡
ڵ
ҿϵͶӰǰԼġǰȴտҲֻӳӰӣͺһ⳵ǰû˴ڸС
磬Ȼǹ
һĿҲ۾濴ҡȻǰ˼ҵļ
ʶ࿪ӣ̧ڿһ£ң㵽ôˣ
Ҳ֪ڳ޺ӾʲôҾԼΨһԶһ㡣ſڣ˵Ƕµġ
˵磬㡭£Ҵ绰
һһ˵꣬ӦѾӾͳܣʱͷһۣվԭأЩĪҡ
ʱ飬մӺܳ־ʹӿ㶵ͳֻҵŻֽƬԼûһʱֿˡ
ֲܿƵĶţκİѵ绰˳ȥ
һξõȴôҾԼһӣϾҪȥĸо
绰ڽͨˡֻͷ˶е˭
Һ˯ɣҶҪ㻹˯ɣ
û뵽Ӧͦ죬ȻֻһΣѾܹϳҵ
˵㰡ôţײˣ
æͷӦššһ
ʣأ
Ұѹ˾ĵַû뵽һ䣬ҲҪҰɡ
һ˵Ҿͺˣôô׵Сӡҳ绰һһײʱרȥԼˣõ㣡
绰ͷš˵Ҳԣ
벻ٸСӺˡҪҵ绰ͬʱһۣŷѾˡң˹
ҼöҪˣҶ㻹׷
ͻȻǰ˺ң˵̷أ
̧ͷһĳͣڶ棬ڳﳯ֡ϲ⣬ȥһţʲôҲûֱͣ˵쿪쿪
ɫԣҲʶڣûжʣһ¾Ͱѳˡ
ſλϣҲ⶯жǱһֱ磬վ·ߣǳԶȥû׷Ҳŷġ
֣Ȼңּණˣ
ҵͷûп
˵ôôμʲô
˵ͬ°ҲһģǸ硣
ȻҾȵö࣬һ˵Ǽһˣʲôʱ鰡Ҳû˵
Լ֪ʲôʱȥġ⼸ٲڹ˾ʱ򣬻˵һֱ
һеţҪǸǹ˾ô˶ʶҲû˻ɡ
ô˵ҲסԺ⼸ˡͻȻ쵼Ǿ仰˵ԱֳЩ˳飬Ϊ˵ңڿ˵ӦŶԡ⻰ǹ޵ģֱ˵Ҫɣ
Һʶһˣ͵ķߵǸһǻ̲סµġеΪѹҲⷬųûˡ
ֻҪҸͬŷָղŸĵ绰ڶûҡͨʱѾʮˣ̽Եιһ绰ͷϴ˵û
ҺС˸綼
ʣ˭绰أ
˵;̫̫Ƕӡ
мĺһ˵ֲ裬Щ˴ʲôء
˵һֱֻӰѵ绰ˣֶҡ
ҲûȥҲǰ״һ㲻ס
ҷµ绰ҵһĵͬ£ȥ˵ǲǳʲôˣ
Ǿȵң㻹֪ǰϳţٵˡ˶£ͱˣֵڻûץסأʣźˡ
һ·ŶŶβ˵绰˵龭û˵˵Ϊͬ£òȥҼһ°
һ˵ɵ㶼ˣȥ
һҲԣյĵطһѾܣƾͳˡ
ڳͣ£պǳԷʱ䣬˵ĸտ˼ҵ꣬涫óԡҲߵ̫ǰЩͼϽ顣˶Ļ˭Ҵˣƻᱻҵù˴Ⱦ
һᣬ˵ûθڣԼȥԡҲҲûؼˣڼŰȫһЩ
ɫһû˵ͻȻҺ˾䣬Ҷㆪʲôһ˳Է㲻֪һ˶ˣǻֵ
ͦжҲû׽ѡⲻѰ飬ȱǮһ׸ãҲҵѵȥײ˭û취Ҳ֪ʲôʱСû˵顣ҿǣȻҲô˽
æ˵㲻˼Ƿǳʱڣ˭Ҳ۵ģҪˣһǲŽҪֵܣһȥ͹˼ˡûˣԷȾơ
첻˵ˣһִڷϣ۾һգգҲ֪ЩʲôҲʣǸ¿ӣȰ档ȻÿĿȾ֮£˶Ҽˡ
Ĭ˰ΣͻȻӣһ¾ͳ˳ȥŵҼæȫ˵Сﰡ
ŬŬ죬˵ؼҰϻôôࡣ
˵ĺôҲ˵һ⳵һŵӲˡûˡ
ְһۣ˵ˣ
ûöʱ䣬Ҽ¥£һ·ϼû٣һڳôĳŵò塣öζ·ںܽӴˡοڻŵ


7
³ʱȻģصһҳţ˵ˣǿҪҹܡײι㻹ֱӼϵȥ
˵һײ˼ιôˣû׼Ժܽ¾һѧɲŸ̫̫졣һ쭣ҾԼʱû
ߵ̫̫ûǺõġ
˵ˣү㳶ЩҲˣҪԷҪ͸ȥɡһ˵ˡ趼ܲˣҲûʲô취ˡ
һҲûҪߵ˼
һһߵߣļ˵ֵܣҺ֪ˡҲûȥú룬û׼ԼСʲô
Ĭһᣬ˵ãߣԼɡҪ绰ңҪҲóŵ
ȻǺ⣬⻰ڶﻹӦûšԸߣһͦ˵ģԼһѪûаװ˷ѡ
˵úãҲ
˵˳ţȥ
Ұڰ˵ǾˡҪ뿪Ȼֽסң˵㶫ˡ
һͷһǸʱëֲֻ֣СĽ˹Ȼһۣſ뿪
ıҲǣҲǡȻҵĶ󲿷ݶ֮ǰŪõģһҲûǸ޷ֻôŻؼҡ
¥šﻹǿյģ뿪֮ǰһģһҰһЩ
ҿʱ䣬Ѿ쵽ߵˣӶ÷ţгҹϰߣﻹһЩ棬żͦģ˶Ǵ⣬ҾֻڼЩûӪĶǵڵҲֻܽһЩˡ
ˮȻȥϴ
ϴԺ󣬿ӣҲ֪ǰסԺԭ򣬻Ϊණ̫࣬ɫȷʵܲ۾ﶼѪ˿޽ӡ
Ҷ⾵ְ˸ǲܻĿơ
̾һת𷽱׼úóһ١
һҾ͸оԾˡ֮ǰ˸ֹˮ䣬ﻹͦзġ
ڶУֻƮƮûʲôо
üһƿǵ롣澹ȻûˣֻʣЩЩˮ
һᣬԼֳ￴һۣЩҲˣ
һֱӵڵϣһˤ÷飡
֪ԼϹˣһҷĵļ
æվҳһڡ
תͷܿȥƽʱļҾʲôûУҲûʲôܹ˵ĵطҴӿ㶵ͳǰСȻܷ֮˵ǲ׵ģô׳
ܿڵӣϸҳ
СèӣսĹӣĿ⾼İ·
ҽһһúǼѣȻǰͦܳǿϣһһ¡
ȷ˿ʲôûУҲСҳһȦɫеĵƶҵˡ
ɲ̽һȦûзκҿŵϵƬɻѡԼۻȴǰӰӡ
ƲѣѵҲẦߣ
ȻҿֻҪ뵽ԼôһҾͻ
ɳϿ˰죬һβΪԼ׼ģҪ߳
Ҵ룬֮ǰǸλáȻŰ¶һխķ϶ſź͵ϵ档
ұźҷһԼ˵ͣ
һᣬ֪ҵĴôܾøƺһ㡣òôĪʧ˰ɡźȥͻȻžһǰʱһڣʲôҲˣ
ͻĺڰŵҲгӣ鼱֮£ԼźԵһͷʵʵײŰϣ
һӵڵϣ˫۽գֽͷ۵úҪѿˡ
òʹѵֱӣҴӶͳֻĻ΢Ĺǰȥ
һҵһ
űߣխķ϶ȻվһӰƣƣ
Ҳ̧ͷԼʲôµĶֻŷһ˫ţСûдЬƤǻɫģ
ǶֻһͻȻŵŵŵܿˡ
֪ܲͷ۵Ҫ۾ҲЩ衣ҵڵϣҲҶ˵ˡ
ʱҺȻ⴫һľ죬˵ĺͷһ飡ֻܾӣԼоȫһЩ
˺ܾãͻȻͣˣ
Ҳ֪ô£ֻǶѾˡ
ֵһᣬȷⲻʲôŵǰһὫһЩ̽ͷ濴ȥ
һĶˣ
֮ǰɳϣһӰĶţ֪Щʲôһ룬ҲңͻȻվӳ˹
ŵæҲܵϸɲɾֻϣǽͻȻܹȥûԶķš֨ѽһƿˡ
ҲҲͷȥҲ֪ʲôӲֱץסǶҪôҺôҲи㲻ҲҪƴͱ¡
˭֪ͻȻ΢㹻ܵ
һ£ҪȻһ˵ڵϸѽ
һЩϤæתűվһˣֻҡŹ⣬ҿ˭֪Բ졣
߽ЩһǲģŵĶֽ˽׼һΪǿ
˶ǰһᣬʣץŸͨͰſڵϸѽ
Դսһۣ̽ʣǶ
һ˵ԣҡ
ҳһڣһ̱ڵϣȻʲôûþƣˡ
һѣ˵һΪûأû뵽ڲ
ǿվֱӣһܣǺĵʲô
˵բ˰ɣȥ
æ˵վűߡ
治һ˴ˡ뿪ʲôֲ飬Ҹովŵ˫ţҿ϶Ƕġ
ŶһֻĹ߳䣬Ȼڵһ﷬˰죬ҳһֻˡ
ҿǰһۣҵĶӦǶһġ
Ҳɹ˵úÿǲǻйҸղſˣ
ƲƲ˵ղһҽԺʰˣûˡ
ˣȻʮţҲ㰲Щ
ҿһ۸ղŷϵķ棬ǵѾõһߣֻʣһˡ
ʶղǸʲôôϲԷ棿
һ㶣˵ǰҳԵġղſźǿ
ҶʱղſɳϵĺӰ档ȫ֪СЩʲôˡΪҲڼңͻȻ˽ϰʲôǲǸе񾭶ô
һ룬־òԣæʣôģ
ٺһЦ˵ҿڵϹģΪ㲻ڣҲϲˣֱӰˡ


8
Цú棬Ҳ˵úȻҳˣ벻׾̫̫ô̳ôһͷ壬Цݲ֪߳ܵĺ˵˻µĶӡ
ֺôûԵĳ˽Ȼ治֪øʲô³˿ٺЦŵӣҲǣҲǣЩЦá
ֻתƻ⣬Ѹղſ˫ŵ߶˵꣬ӣЩֺ̫ܲȻ
˵ղǸѽǸСһͿˣҲܼ򵥾շ
ҵһ뷽ôûġᵽշҶʱȤæôģ
ĴһͳһɫĶ
һ֮ǰھ̫̫ſŪСޣ⻹׽õģ
޷ϣҽ˵ʵͦ򵥵ģԪǶϲĶҶ֣Լܵˡĩˣһ䣬ԼԹˣԪ򲻺óԡ
Ұһۣʣˣ
ͷ˵԰ˡ
ԭΪӰˢˢռŻƷȻɰľ֮ġû뵽ˣ
˵ЩҲеģС̫ͣòЩ
룬ѵҲŵȣǿ֮ǰЩЩ͵ȴεġ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ôͣЩ׻ﳣ˵ܲ׽㲻ûǻ
һҲǣ㲻ٶʣոգڻ¡ñ̸Щ
㣬ͷͿ罻ҵı뵽ϰƻҾ̲ס˸
ķ棬ӣ˵ȥﶶ
ҳһڣǰ죬ž˵˵ϾڿҲôˢӣűЩװŪˡ
ҵĻ˵Ҿûʲôµѽİ࣬ĹûɶӰ졣
ҺôûӰ죡쿴Աתתȥ㲻£
룬ͣ˵ʵɣҾұöֻ࣬ſʼײĹˣϰˡ
æ˵ȫǲϰߵ飡
̧ͷžԴһ£ʱˡ˵ǣôҰѻ˵ꡣ
֪ǺǸողűһҾֱȭͷȥˡֻܱ˵Щʲô
Ҿȵǣûô飬ǸҽСʱľ
̫̫ʮ޵ˣҵһĸǸȳӣǸʱպĳã̫̫СͳۿüʱԼŵˣʱʰúܲңܻ֮Ѿˡ
ò׼˳ȥĸǸȳӣƽʱֻܸɵ򵥵ӻûж롣Ǹʱ򣬾̫̫ӹúܲҡŸĸ￪ţˣΧҲǰųǡ
ǡýڶ̫̫꣬ˡΪ˼ĶҲΪ˸Ǹʱʼ̫̫оае
Լ۵츳ѧĺܿ죬Բ˼Σץ˼εСûãڵЩ˿ʼǮȥаȻ⣬Ҳɫ
˴ڣͳˡպǾ̫̫׽ĵ꣬˵һ꣬׾ˡ
˵ױǲնģ̫̫ҲһԺ󣬾̫̫Լ뱲ܵĿ࣬СԼһܿЩÿģֻϣܹƽƽǧԼʵ˴뱲ӡԸȡֽǰҵҡʱϣܺǷʱһ˵һ֣ⷢܰٹ֡
ĸһΪЩԱʮӣҲϣƽƽġҲûʲô˾̫̫˼
Ȼ֤ЩֻǾ̫̫һԸ뷨ֻһ˵ƣȴ޷䳤õƽ
׵Ϊ̫̫һ⣬ʱȻСϾӴвϱȽĹ֣޲ߵġ
ʱڴл˼Ҹϱؼû೤ʱ䣬Ů˾ƵƵЩ¡Īεֱ²˴ɴһ˯Ǽ졣ݵüֻʣͷˡ
ɼļˣĴҽ֮󣬲˹һסûʱ䣬ҵ̫̫ˡ
̫̫ʼҲԥ˳ֺǴ󷽣һϼƣ⶯˼ͳ˼ȥˡ
߽˼ӣ̫̫;ò䷿أҪǰֵطǱܶԶ֮ġ˼ҵǮùҲˡֻײŵӣӲͷƤӡ
֪һȥһڴϣ߾Ȼ˯һѪˡ˫Ѫ۾ֱĶ
ֱ̫̫֪˺ĹѾļѰֶιûôת˳ڿ˺ܾã˶ߣסĴߴ̫̫޷ֻӲͷƤ˽ȥ
ӰóѪĺߣСİͷ˩ָϡǹһֱ̫̫װԼӣʵŶѾʼˡ
ʶʲôã
˵ǹĻѹסˡԲų˯ѣʱˣҲˡ
ָ֮߰ϣꡣоϻ˵ʮָģǻľ̫̫ôѱѹסĻȻٿշǸ
̫̫ѺߵһͷԼָϣһŪã͵һû뵽ǣ֮ǰߵʱһΨʱصúʯͷһ۾̫̫ôʹ˿
Ա߿ž̫̫Ķƺ֪̫̫û취Ҳû̫෴Ӧ
̫̫аϵĺߣߵָۣžһ߶ˡ
ҿǺ飬κﶼٽ㣬Ժ󣬺Ȼǻϵġ
˵ȻϵĶͣͲô鷳ˡ
˵էϰŵģָʵϰŵģ˵Ļꡣͺ˵ÿ˽ϰŵϺһߵﶼǲϿġֻĹУʵ廯ˡһϣζŻˣ
̫̫ͻȻϿɱŵò塣ϸղȣһ¾ȥϵĶײˡ
Ǽ춯һæ˽̫̫ڵϣҲһæҪʸɫ԰ףֱţˣĻҪˣ
˼״ΣҲǸѪˡۼϢ΢Ҳ̫̫˵һ㣬ʱˡ˰ѵͳ˽ץž̫̫ģӿ
̫̫֪ģ鼱֮£Ҳ벻ˡָŴϴ󺰵ԱأѪԱ߻ſ룡
⻰һڣɼҵȫסˡ


9
̫̫Ҳ֪Լ˵ʲôԱͻȻ˵ˣҲɿ㶵ŴϿտҲĵط·ҲܿǸһ
ΣͻȻһ̧̫̫ͷȥɵ裬һţһţ˵Ѿˣ˰
һˣʱˣŵ壬˵ޣ⹷ķȥ
ôһṦɼҷ졣ĸֵ̫ܳȥ£Ҳæ׷˳ȥ
̫̫ԭǰ˾Ȼʶģ֪ʲôڣۿȲˣҲԼǳǷǣǮһ룬ο˼Ҽ䣬͸ˡ
ԭΪ¾ôȥˣȻûʲôæԼҲõһСǮ̾Ϣǻϲ
̫̫Ҳȥ˵˵ϱǰиˣ˳ĲȾƣѼܵòˡ
żȶˣؼҶһٺô
Ůܲˣֱڼֱ˽ܣż޸ڴˡ
˱Ǹ̫̫Ҳ֪ʲô飬֮ǸˡҺĺܲңͺ̫̫ʱһѪ
֮ɻ˵ķظˡ̫̫˵ʱƤһֱϾ˷Ĺ飬ĸңִ˵ﶼǼġ
С˴Ϊˣ̫̫רųիˣĹűԼ
֪һݣ¾ˡ
϶һֱڿޣ̫̫ˣ˯ߵĶ֣˵ȥôˣ
˰죬˯ģȻûзӦ
̫̫оԣæһۡһľˣ
һߣ֮ǰǸѪ˯ֽŶְֵĲӣ
̫̫ˣʱ޴ţȥڶְֲϵ֣һǱƤˡ
ֻѰ𣬱ϾķرˣܴһԭΪԼݡ
Ӻò˵ǮҲʼתľôöְ
̫̫ҲƵĴӴҳЩѪȾĺߣ֮ǰʼְꡣ
һ߾Ͷˣ
̫̫޵ˣûͣǰѺһһָϰ󣬰˺ܺһţôְֵ־ǲֺ
ˣŹڴǰ棬һĸǸͷŪͷѪֱ
˵ˣҲʼ
ҲˣпࡣұΪǾ̫̫飬֪һȷʵˣ˼䣬ȻʱڲԽŲܶܶ飬ǵ
˵赽ڣͷϻе̺ۣǸʱµġ
֮飬ҶԾ̫̫Щ
޺˰죬ͷѪֱҲǹɿҡĶҲ޵øˡ
̫̫Ȼһҧ˵ҶԲס㣬Ұѷظ
˵꣬һϵѪͳȥˡ
ʱ˼ӣ˭ش𣬶Ϊˡ
̫̫һ·񱼣ֱܵǸɼק˼ҵ·Ϳ޺˵ķصģ
ǼҲ̫̫ģŵûţҲͰλøˡ̫̫ûٶһ䣬ֱӾͳŷصظ˹ȥ
һŷĹһԣײҲ˳ббһߣʬҲ¶˳
һᣬϻ̫̫꣬һŮˣǷصʰ
ѹײĸǴ¸ǺãƵصصĿȻһһŵϵ
ԽԽ֪˶ٴΣҲֽ֪űɳʯĥ˶ٿӡֻһֱţˡ
صرصĵطһŪţܲʱһӰĬĬվԱ߹ۿ
̫̫ȫǣһĹáææȥ
ɵƿţ㳹׾ˣ
Ǹˣ˵ĺҲûˡ
֮󣬲֪Ϊ˵ŭģڷصһ̫̫꣬һ󲡡
ⲡһϾ꣬ȻھӰæչ˶ͲĺӣҲ˲ٿͷ
õһ꣬ũ°ʱһ죬ſڣŶԺˣͻȻһ˽һһգվڶǰϧĿӡ
Ǹ˵ģոһϲȴǸ˵֣һһڽŰְ֡
͵һŷ֣ҲǺһСܿЩŹֵ顣һֱĵǱʵѵԼĶӣҲҪԼһ±ҵ
һһ˵ţ鶼æһֽ˵ЩҾԼϵ黹㲻ʲô
һŰѹ¼˵ȥ
ϣ̫̫һҹһֱظ˵ţңȫңҲð
ھ̫̫һҲ֪ΪʲôޣֻǿᣬԼҲ͸ſˡ
˺ܾã޵ˣҲ˯ˡ
̫̫ȴûͣ£һϣ޸ˡڶһ磬۾ʲôҲˡ
룬Ȼ˵үͷʲôĿϹϵҲˡ
ԭ̫̫۾ôϹġȥҵȻĶܸܵõġ
̫̫Ϲ۾ִŶôһӣҪתиҲˡֻܼŪϱС
ǰĽѵҲ˸ֻۣҪΣյĶⲢӰԽԽ˽ľ̫̫
Ϊ˲öԼ·νģԼʮĶ̸˶ӣҲʱʱ뿪ԼһЩǲѡ
룬Ҳڶ̫簮Ĺϵ˶²˺һͻʮСƵԸ񡣵ҲԵֱˬ˵ᡣ
˵ô죬ϵҲյòˡ
ᣬתͷЦЦһʰϵ꣬һ˵԰ǺڵġͺСʱһҲЩҺµĹ֡ʽ١㿴öˣҲϰˡ
ͷԼδܹ˵ôϾЩһʱܽܵ˵ġ
վӹ꣬˵ŰɣŪ
Ҳƴǣֱߵ⣬˵ҿ·ûԣϾڵϹģЩš
ûãƾˡЦ߽˵ֻբˣû¡
ҵͷˮתһ±һţѾˣ컹һ¡
̾˿ǿƲˡ


10
ԺҲŷֶİܴ󣬹ĹҲ֪װЩʲôæһ䡣
Цһ۾գգ͵ģ˵ҵӽ쿪ʼͳסˡ
һ㶣˵㿪Цɣ˵㣬̫̫ҲӦ
˵û£ҵģô˰죬ŸѵҪĵַ˳ӣȻҲҲסʲôط
ھ̫̫ʱҵ̬ȣ϶ô״ӦôţΨһıӣƶ»ˡ
Ҳ˵ġҪļһҾԲְܲ㡣
һ֣밴նԸһϴӦʲô飬̫̫Ҳסġ
Ҿ˵϶᲻ܶ԰ɣ
һۣ˵ƨҪʲôֲĹܵĿ϶㻹졣
Цһϳŵĳ嶯һѵıڣȻд·ʱܰﲻʲôæ׳µûġ
ôһ룬ȻˣԺˮ緿һһ룬šһ˵ԣܳԵľˡ
ұΪԼ׬ˣŷԼˡҵʳͷǶľͷ㣡ûͰҳԿˡ
ȻЩǺ󻰣ҰѿеķһҲպùס
ҵǣϰʱô硣˰ûֿʼѯ
ѰССĹóķڴ̨ϡ֪ЩչõģԶԶĶ㿪ţҲȥ
˵˵°ɣʵ˵Ѳѣ˵Ҳ򵥡
ûʣô˵
תͷң㿴СûУ
ҡҡͷȻһ̾ϢһǲӰ˵ģЩΪţʵѾˡͬھҹÿ컹ճϰ°ȻؼŴС֪ԼѾˣѾ硣
ϺǺЦţȴҪɵ˻߹Ż
ںùӣ˵ͦģʱ̫ͻȻﻹûӦ͸оԼһجΣ㱻һѹǸʲôʲôΪԼǰһ
ѵؼһϰ࣬ûԣ
˵ûֻ֣ܿԼûᷢ顣ܻؼԺԼûĵǰΪźӿֺء
ܽһ£ӦһֹŻõľ񲡡
ʶ˵Ҹôء
˵㿴üü㣬ҪʶԼѾˣȻˣǸøȥϹתˡ
һ⻹ͦ򵥣Ҫ磬ҾͰɱŸȻ徻ˡ
Ұ뷨߶οĵ˵ͷ˵Ȼ͵ɣ
һ˵ҸѾ
ٺЦţӶͳһ֧̣һڣ˵취ʶ飬һӴ̼ࡣǺģȻڻûֳʼԹһСľͱˡ
æҡͷ˵ûⱾ£ˡҴְԺ󶼲ȥϰˡ
һ̣˵ôôûأôͬ£ʶһ˶ˣܰͰɡԺҲˡ
һҲǣϾҳ˾ʱҲ粻ٰȻ꼶̫첻һ飬ǷЩ顣
ҳ˰죬¶ҧҧ˵Сӵðң
˵ɣȥˡ
Һ޲һƳȥС̫費˵ˣ
Ű´ҿʱ䣬ҲѾʮһˣ˯ҲûںͶϹģ˵һȻźһӣñ˿ˣֱƵԼ˯ȥˡ
ҼڴϾ˯ˣԺģһȥĸо
۾ȴһ
һæȴԼϼңɥĸ׵ĹײԱߣ
ĪĿһۣѲϵǰ޿˱ˡ
ͻȻһѣһͷһ졣
ɫôֱĿң˵Ÿѽû
ֻⳡЩϤ˵
ҷָŹײģ˵ơ
ײĻûиӣ̽ͷȥͻȻһҲվڹײĶ棬ڳһơ
һţæ̧ͷ˿ȥȴ裡
ſڹײıϣЦĿңǱİ·ŵģǸûһ
ָָײ棬ʾ￴
ԥһᣬͷ˫Ŷʱˣ
ײŵ˾Ȼң
ƤѾʼãܹŵһ󸯳ζ
æ죬ô£
һٺЦţȴ˵
ԽԽ£תͷײԽ˸оͺԼԽ
벻ףֳץ˹ȥ֪۾ͻȻˣû۰ףɺһƬݺݵңоͺһ澵ӡ
Ȼ͵̧ͷҵǺݺһȭ
ҶۣһӵڵϣȴȻߵĳֱˡ
һͬǣھȻڶķ䣡
һ˵أ
ʶԼոǱһȭСһҲҾԼˡ
ãȻվʱ䣬賿㡣
ڴϣһ˫۾ɵøţһҡ
ЩͷΣҲ֪ʲô飬ôˣ
˵֪㰡úõĲ˯ҷˣſڴߵҡûô˵ģ
һģץһ£Ÿղŷ顣ȴһҲ벻ôġ
ֻǵǸûǵĹײģ裬ҵʬ塭
˰죬͵һμһģֻͬǣ֮ǰ컹һֽˣֽûˣڹײˣң
ɫԣң˵㲻εëɣ
ü룬Ҳû
ҲͿ϶ĵ˵ͷ˵Ȼǡ
˰죬ɻʵ˵ôظһεģ
ͷ˻ᣬ˵ÿεʲôûвġ
һ£Ͱε˶ϾҲľԱʲô¶עһ¡
ȴһ̬ĳĬˡԽӣҾ;Խǲ򵥣˵ֻԱ߸ż
Ĭ˺ܳʱ䣬Ĳŵ˵ظͬһΣμĻȥˣףԹԤס˵ʵġܶ˶òףΪп̫ĸ׵Ĺϵ
£ò׵ĿҪһЩĸѾˣٰܻһûҲûйײġαʵĿԼûУȻôţʼշŲ¡
ĿƺҲ˵ɿôһһߣ˯ȫûˡ
ﰲúܣڵʵܲա뿪Ҹ⣬ͻȻʣǴʲôʱʼģ


11
붼룬˵֮󡭡
⻰һڣҶʱֻȻĸоʶԼΪҪ顣
Ǻһֽˣ֣֮Ǵ֮ſʼģҵΣҲǧ˿ƵĹϵֻڻ֮䣬ʲôϵ
һγصı飬üëӾһֻꡣ
Ȼңʲôû
Һı֤ûУǼһֱѹȥʱҲûߣЩԲ
ʣʲôûУ
һ룬һ治֪ˡһȥ˲æҲкѣʱʱ̶̿һ𡣵һʣһ¾ˣ˵ǻ죿
û˵ɫֳ˼֡
ûףһֱڻΪãҲûʲôĵط
Ȼ˵ӦҲĹϵЩ飬Ӧ㡣벻ףǸǹףΪʲô棿Ϊֹô죿
˵ΪõֵܣҶǾεģμӦҲǹ¡
һڣ˵⻹أҪҹҰžǰɣ
Ҳ֪ôشɴͱտڲ
Ҳ˵ʼ磬ңҪǻϼȥ飿
ҿһۣģࡣʵո֮ͨҲ뵽⣬ûмڣ֪ʲôʱлᡣ
˵ӲãҪЩϡŹֵ飬Ҳʱ
ɶʱʺϣ
һ֣ĴָʳָȻ˸֣˵°룡
һ㶣漴ƨأ㳣ʶһеġǹڣʱȥ
˰֣˵ȥ飬ѵ㻹Źȥ
Զԣϲģֻ˵ʱٿɣû׼Ҿͺˡ
˵Ǿɡ
˵ֳһָҳȥӰ˯
ֻûصԼķڴϣӶǸղ˵飬ôҲ˯ˡһֱߵһ죬ӴϷ
öţһҹҿԼҲû취ġ
ϴʱվӣԼȦˡҲࡣ
Ҵұͳˡ
ʱ䣬Сͬ͵꼸Ѿ⣬µĺ֡
ߵ¥£Ųͣˡ
ҿ¥ڵĵطվһµŮˡңЩȺһҲ
ҷֲ˻ǹֻҪһɵĶҶĳķȥ롣
վ¥ݹսǴԥһᣬ֪Ǹ¥ж˵װϰ˻߿
ǡʱ˴ţһŮ˴߰Ķ˳վſڣһ£ֵĿһۣ¥ȥˡ
һֱĸӵĶЦĴǰŮ߹Ҳûʲô顣׳ŵȥ
ߵԽҽԽǶ£ͺԼ·һ
ŮʱҼûпװһæŸ·ӡ
ҲʱҲŷͷܳβȻϲͷŮˣû˼
ǲʱһŵһɸζͷɢ
Ҷʱһģ̲סʶתͷһۣ̾סˣ
ҾȻûŮ˵ǰͺһģһԴû٣ŵģȫͷ
ҪĽָңҹƻΪתȥ
ڣûг˹վԭһ
ǿװ򶨼ţԼע⡣µٶȻǿ˺ܶࡣ
ͳֱֻӰ˶ĵ绰˰ŽġιһԵúܲͷ
죬ٵ˵¥վŸûĹô죿
һ˵ֻһ
˵һҪ٣
˵ұΪģϵԽԽأͻԽԽĹ˵ĵطҲһ
￩һԽԽˡ
֮ǰֻҴ˵˻ܵԼӰ죬û뵽סĵطҲһֻͷ۵úܣæʶô죿
˵Ǿ仰ǱĹĹƶײϣøȥɡ
Ҿ⻰˵˵û˵ֻ̾˵绰СĻͷһۣǸͷû׵ĹȻվ¥ûиҲ뷴жڣ˯Ȼʰһȥϰ࣬˳㿴ܴܲ顣
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̧ǰ£ͻȻһϵʣСӣˣôҲŪţܸҽ»
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ðĵһͷȻǣ٣ϼһӹǻôߡ
ɽͷһתͰˣҵͷܿµķ϶ͷĽȥҪſƵóɣ
ͷûӦͻȻһ쵽ǰһָһָʣ費裿
Ҳ̧֪־ͰĶ˹ȥųʹһߣ̧ž˳ȥ
Ҳ֪ӻҪãȻֻǶ̶̵ļ죬ˡ


12
ҲߵʲôʱҪע䲻ðһⲻֳдиþ鰡
ЩϡŹֵ飬ҳ֮⻹ֻܡ񶡶˵ˣҸɴˣαػҪ
Ҵӳվż˴߾Ҳûкƨ顣ֻһͷǻؼҵ
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ʱһ㲻ˣҲˡ
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ҿ˵磬ŪҰɣܱȱǿ
˷ϵ۾ο˵ģǰ;һƬã˵Щʲôɵء
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˵ţҾͳ칫ߡϣҲԱߣ˵׼ˣ˵ϸҸıı
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ҵҲ벻ͨһô˵ˣԺһԼ
ҿ˰죬ŵ˵磬ҪͻȻ֪ԼҪˣô룿
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˰Σ˵Ҫˣҿ϶ǷŲźӵģźҿС뱲ӣӱ㻹Сϼ꣬ҪǿԣҺôȸ·Ȼһߣǹ¶ĸģҲѹ
Ļ̲סЩжʣҪûüţԺһᣬô죿
ЦЦ˵С̷Խ˵ԽˡôֻҪһᣬֻܺź˵仰ܽǺúûţҲ˸Ըɡ
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˵ģҲġ
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ͷǳǽϣôʹáҼõϸţܺϵͷ
ҸոһЩҾʹסˣ
ˣ죡


13
۾ţҲ֪ǲѵģ˫۾ﶼͷǿ׺Ҳһ
Ҵ֣ûзӦ
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һ󷢺־Щģһ룬ѵⷢҺ쳤ûͦÿԸղžϮǣ
˵˰ɣֻͨϲŮףǱϵĹԼҲ˦㣡
˵ɲһôҲǸŮģֵ˲ͬ
һ˵ԼϾˣˣȫû㰡ǳˣ
СӻתŻԼûôҪġ
ٺһЦ۾һת˵һ˰ɣʱҲͦģ»𣬲ֻͨҪǳëĶ»𡣵һĻûãҪĻ𣬳𣬴һ֦㴫һ֧֪ȼ˶೤ʱ䡣
ͨ˵Ըǲϵ㵻棬Щ㣬á
ЩңôѰĻЩûá
˵æ·һȥˡȻСҲͽˡ
ôţĶĲŪõҲȥȡһЩ
˵ҼҾа蹩ǳģ˶ʮˡ
˵ã̫̫Ȼǰġ


14
һЦ˵ǣôɫһˣ϶Ҳǳġ
ҳ˸ۣǡʱһæȥֻƤһֱѹ
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һ˵ƣ㻹Ұˣǰװһ˭ӡӻ᲻ʲô飬ϸ绰㻹ӡΪڼӲ˸žˣ
ҿӣ治˳Ĳ˰ұüڵضûУҲýϼѵ绰ҳȥԲûӵĵ绰
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ϲ񣬵ûһԺˡøոһĻѵֻҴ췢βɡ


15
򶡶쿴һۣɻʵҸղǲ˯ˡ
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ҼɫһҪͶһ٣æӿڵ콲콲Ҽأ
˵ֶ̹ŵʱʵһеЩԡµĿȫ෴ģƽʱǿΪΪҪԼùԼҪ͹ΪܵĽӴ
ȻõķʽǹһռӣʶɢʧʲôƲˣûҲΣյһַʽ
ȻЩ˾һ취
һʵĶͺһıкܶĵطЩ˾ͰԼ͹ֶһˣ˴ԼȥҲﲻϽַѭϢ
ָоͺһߵ˶ڳ̣Լ飬ɲ֪Уǻһ
㿪ʼܻᷴУľͺϰˣԼŲζ·˶һġ
ЩͨӴϵϢҲᴫϣʱˣľͱÿɲΣҲ̡֮
Ժһ㣬Ѱ꣬ҪͻŵʱһȦ˴˶ǹûôˡǻ˶ΣЩǲȱ档ΪõĲлȽܵơ
Կ̹ʱҪΪСġΪ֮УĹ֡
Ȼ˵У̣ͨҪǸˣ̹õ㣬ͲӺ㡣㲻Ǿ͵עһЩƮˡ
˵꣬һҿһ̵ˣʱ򣬻û˼ǰɣ
Ҳ֪ôôȻİΪ񣬵ҪӴһ㣬ʱǸӣ˵ˣҲóġ
˵ҽֻ
Դǵ˵˰ǲ֪ŽѰưɣԼ鷳˰ɡ
ҿǸģǺ޲ó
һʣô죬ҵͷ᲻
϶˵Իġñˣʱŵˣû׼ͱץȥչˡ
쿴ż˵ǷʰǰɣϽ취ƶ
ҺЦæ˵취УܲףǵðǸȱĹҵֻʣ¸ˣ֪εء
ʣѵҪȥǸ̹æ
ⲻǸð취Ҷһֻˣϣû׼ϻһлꡣ
Ҳ˵ûõģҲֻһԴĲл꣬Ҳ˵ܲסþϣᦵܰʣĲлǴˡԽ࣬ҲԽ࣬˵һͷûУȥң
˵ҲʵѶȣƾͺҪҳһ֪һ֪Լɫ϶ÿӣҲ˵ģ˵ȥϰ࣬Ҫˡ
쵹Ǳĵö࣬æҴ˵𼱣طٴһ컹ǻϵġ
һůһĵ˵ԵϾ͸һͷˮ
˵Ҳôʱ䣬ӣһ֮ҲĻɾûˣ
һȻֻһܵʱ䣡
˵ǰΪİֻǸл꣬ҪһĹ꣬죡
ҵһ¾䵽ȵˣԼôˣҲһ˿ϣϲŸոձ翪ͨȴֻص֮ǰ״̬ˡ
һڵʱ䣬ҪҲǸлĻĿȥֻԳˡ
˸ţĵ绰ˣҲ֪־ġ
СѾͷϸУҲжʱûˡ
ŵ绰Ȼ˵ʲô̷¥£
ȻҺվһߵߣȻСѾͷվ¥£̧ͷǣæЦŻ˻֡Ȼܽ¥
Ҷ˵طҲ㿴־ʲô£ȥĵطɣݡ
쿼һᣬãԼôģҲЩ͵˵ͷ˵á
˵껰žͱˡ
Ѿͷɵİɣôˣ
ҲˣæվͳߣȻ־ѾſˣˣֲֵŪ
æȥ˵߰߰ɡ
־ȴһ֣˵ѽ磬һû̷кءҶþûˡ
˵꣬־˽ﻹжһ£ǷѾͷģװúǶׯᣬ˵̷磬пڰ
ҿ˶һۣʳһһҲûҪҽܵӣҾ˵һѣж
šˡһһ˵꣬ͿʼڴڵĳԶ
ҿ־ΪԭЩæ˵ѾͷϿΰôˣ
־һ죬˵̷Ҷô㻹ѾͷѾͷĽأ˵бء
˵˵Сˡһ⺦ߵģѵЩġ
ʱ˽˵㲻һȥ߰ɡ
ף赣ˣ־һȥ
־ȴˣ˵ô̷ԺҶûءôҺ̷˵ỰôĻǻܳ
ӶһľǳʱȰ˭˭ǣֻ˵Ѿͷʲô°ղžҪˣǡˣһ·Ҳĵ㡣ٹ档
־첻˵ˣҶСŮװӺû취ֻƵһۡ
˭֪컹û˵ͻȻ˵ûñطֲɾײء
һ˵˶סˣȫû뵽ᵱ־˵Щ
־һûӦɻʶո˵ʲô


16
˵ײ˲֪𣬻˵ġ
־˼ĵͦЩġ
Ȼתͷң˵̷㲻ЩϡŹֵ˰ɣ֮ǰ㲻Ǹ˵ûµ
ұôһ𴩣治֪ôͣȫҿѾͷ۾ͺʲôԲ顣
ͻȻ˵ѹҸÿ춼ôżأȻСҲǴСһ𳤴İôң
ҿЩæȰʵûôӣȷʵǷЩϡŹֵ飬оգֻ˵㾪š
־ңҾҪˣ˵⻰ģ̷磬Ҹ綼μˣÿζɹײʵҲͦµģԲµĻҲҪ˵ҿǰ㵱׸ġ
һ⻰Ȼһ£תͷһҲҿ
ҳһᣬǲȷ죬ʣʲôμˣ
Ŀһ£˵ûʲôζѡ
־æϽӻҸ˵μϼңμ裬ڹײкܶ಻ʶμɥ񣬺ֲܿÿ費ã
Ǿȣ־˵ģ⼸
û뵽쾹ȻҲһظֲֿΣ
һˣǻ˵ɺϣȻҲһǹǶ˵Ĺ˰ɣ
Ҳ˵ľĳ֣һϼңڹײμԼڿȥ裡
ҿ˶һָۣڴߣƺʲôһ仰Ҳû˵
ֻе鶼תЩΣЩϵĹ֣ǰһһתЩͷΣæסɳ
־æַסңеʣ̷磬ôˣ
ҡҡͷ˵û£еϢһᣬȥɡ
˵꣬Ҿͳҹȥ뿪һξ룬ͻȻ־һУһӶʱˡ
ŷӻ־ţͷȴٶƮڿС־ûϵͻȻ飬ֻ۷ֱһ֮ͻȻ˹ȥ
һɼҺ졣
˹нӹ־˼֣־ʲôӦҲûУȻԲѡ
˵𼱣Ȱ־ɳϣ
̧ͷͳҺʲôб𼱰ãͷ粻Ż˭㣡
˵ţ־̧Ⱦ壬߻˵һ䣬̷ҵţҪʲô£ͷͱӻزˣ
һ˵꣬־ˡ
һ£ҲûôģԼӣ֪жΪҶ¡
ͷһͷƮ˴ڱϣһ챧־¥˲˵ע⡣ںǣֱӰ־Žžˡ
Ծһԣ˿ңֹģƺ֪ǸðοһǸ˵ЩĶ
ǸӣΪסԺΪҲڷ־ոձҵŻ裬֪Ժ󣬻ʲôӿµ顣
ҵһֵͷþԵǹ˵ֲ֮Ĵڡ
Լһֱڴܹɹȥÿ֮һζŶңһʱ˺ԼߵˣôججĻţʲô˼
û˿չԼһӣСʱҸ뿪ҺҾѾˡ
ͻȻҪȥҪȥҵԴͷҪеһС
ҳĬվߵߣʣ̷ôˣҲ鼱˵ɵɱϡ
˵֪־ãҵĵĲٶ١
˵ͷЦЦ˵ŶԷˣһˣõ
һ˵ţһҵͷٴηڼϡ
ҲʱҲŷ֣ʵҲϸĵһ棬Ȼƽʱ˵²ԣؼʱ̶˷ġ
ʵûʲôθڣֻ˵˾Ϣһ£Ҳûش𣬾ֱ߽˷
һһñ·պÿסԴھǰ濴һ£ͷͲͻȻˣֻҪûɳȥҲô˵ע⡣
ҵһ㲣⼸ҲϰԼģΨֻͬвмĵطеһȦʺ֮ɫһߣƹǱ˻һԺԵ˿ڡ
̾˿˵绰һЩǮͳ˷䡣
ǰøո뿪˵ȥЩԵĶϺøٴ͡
ڷûгΪ˯ˣŲࡣ
£Ϸһֽݾ˵ҳȥһˣΪҵ֮ࡣ
ȻԼСͳȥˡ
ҴĽֵʵ֪Լôʲôطϵһڶ˵Ĳл֪꣬Ǹһûͷ­Ļǣһ۾ϳĶһǹҺͬһξ
һȻҲϿȥô򵥡ôһҪ
ڹվ̨һᣬն˵ٻʱ䡣õ̵ʱҳǸл꣬Ȼٻϼҿʲôµ
һһʼûϳֻǿͬȺȷʵдĸоҸմ㻻طȥЩƫƧӿվ绰ˡ
ͳһǸİĺ롣ӡҲûм
ҽιһ
绰ͷûкӣȵĵźŲõӡһ˼䣬û˵ֻ˴ˣ˵绰ûϡ
ɸչȥ绰ĵĽ𣬿ɻǺ֮ǰһû˵
ҾЩթƭõϵͳԲ룬ϵȥȴյһϢ
дţСɣ
ŵ绰һþÿ֣ΪСˣֻ衭


17
ҳһᣬŸôظϢ绰ͷʶң˵ĿӦһΪҹϵˡ
ѾˣڼȻǹҪңαֲȷĻ
ⲻǸĻǵ绰ͷӦǸܾöûϵˡ
һᣬһϢ˭
ǱƺһֱڵҵϢշȥܿͻ˹
ûлشҵ⣬
ӦһֿĻرܣƺı˿ϢݡȻ˵ҲͲûش𣬷Լ飬˭ĵù˭
Ȼŵʮӵʱ䣬ŵϢ˵ֹҲǲסˣ˵ģ㡣
ҿһ˵ӣֻһֶѣȴŪأод⡣
ͻصˣ¡
绰ͷЩģ˵Сģֻǲ˵ѣĵַȻҹ㣬㿴Ҿ֪˭ˡ
һ£˵á
ѵַȥûԭأܵϵĵװҪĹţȿ˵˭ȻٿǺͲ⡣
ҲԼΪʲôôأ⼸飬СֵĹϵǲĹײģʲôϵץסһССϢ񾭶ͺϷһÿһµ˸⼤
ŵ˰Сʱ绰ٶ𣬵βϢ硣
վ̵ĳ棬ϸ⿴ȥ
绰ͷǸˣܴҲżոսͨͼ͵˵СѾˣأ
˵Ҿڹվ̨ϣû㣬㴩ʲôɫ·
˵ǺܼɫĻɫģ
ҡŶһ̽ͷ⿴ȥվ̨ϣȷʵиµˣѾˣʮ꣬˺֣ͦԲĶӣվ̨ȥһŵ绰סţСأûС
Ҳʶˣ־Щ죬ƺʲôط
˵ҿˣҲʶ㣬ʲôֱ˵
˰Ӵһ˵ҵСڰɱˣ
ҡžһ¹˵绰·Ҳ֪ʲôĿĵˣӲһЩ
ҿŵ绰ι˼ͨĶˣһ䣬Ȼٶȴ
ҹһŽֱӸ㵽˭ֱ˵û㵢顣
Ҳûа취ͻȻѵ绰ÿСĳܿһۣЩĪƺʲô˰иעһһ
˰ѵ绰ڶߣһ죬ѹúܵͺܵͣ·ıһ˵ܺǡС˰ˣСʱ򻹱ء
һȻѹ־ģЩ졣
ĵܵܣҺСʱ򻹺סһ𡣵֪ʲôԭүү˳ȥȻ֮Ҳʹ裬ÿζֻЦһ¾ιȥʲôϸҡ
֮үүȥҰְͻȻ뿪ûϢֻʣˡɥҲû
ٹ꣬ҲԼôһݡʱһûˡ
о仰²ͻȻ˳ҵҵϵʽ϶ô򵥡
ڵ绰ﲻϵĴߴţ˵Сڣˣ¡
һ£˵ãǵš
Ȼҹ˵绰˹ȥһֱվ̨ϵˣƺ֪ĸҡ
ߵװӣһ˵ӴСˣþòˣʲô£
عͷϵⶼһ𣬵ģ軹ſͷǴ󺹡
ңС۾´һĨȥͷϵĺˮ˵Сڣˣˡ
ЦЦ˵ͼʲôüġ
С˵õã²㣬ģҲԷĵˣզҸط߳Աġ
æ˵аطѡ֪Һõġ
С۾һתһᣬ˵С˼ͦСѡĵط㰡
ЦĻᰡ׾˾ˣ
Ҽƻ˵õãѡѡѡģҺø˵顣
ҵͷ֮ǰȥļطһ飬Щ᲻ûǮĵطȻֻǺոսӴ֪С˾أСʱҪãǮתŴҡ
һΪΨһĵܵܣɥʱûҲЩ
ҹ˵һĵط۾һУúöң˵ţǻ˳Ѫɡ
һ⻰ƺҲ죬˵֮ǰҲסط
һֱֱŵĳ˵ϳȥ
Ȼּۻۣ֪ЩȷʵǮдºתһ룬־ûʲôܹġӦԽ죬ĹҲԽࡣ
Ҹ˳˵Сˣҵʲô°
һ·̣˵ӰҿȻ˵
ղ̽ͷ鿴ӣû׼汻˸Ҳ˵תͷȥһۣҲûʲô
ûöʱ䣬Ǿ͵˵Ǽҷꡣ
һ߽ȥҵČ˿ľͷˣֵطǮ˲ġ
ұС˷ᳵ·ֱӺкǵķԱ˵ʲôʹǵȾͷİ
Һҵ˼ˣҲܺòóԣûġ
ԱȥԺ󣬰ֻҺСˡ
ղŻһȲӣԺ󣬺Ȼ
ҿģװ绰ӣҲûȿڡ
Ĭţбۿһᣬƺ¡һִϣָͣ档ָϻһȦҾһˣӦҲ˻飬ĽָûС
ŲһӣͻȻң˵С
ˣ
ֱӴĻһ£˵֪
һ¾ðˣ˵֪費ˣʱô㣬ʱȥˣ¾ˣҺ
û뵽ҵķӦôæ˵£Ҳ֪ҶԲס裬ЩɼġȥҲȥˡ
⻰Щ֡˵ѵ㲻ɣ
Ĭһ£˵Сÿ˶ԼѴģұүүϳŵʱûҪȥˡ
˵үүģүүҲ˺ܶˣûϵʲôͿ˵ɣЩûõˡ
ϵһ˦˵Զԣȥľ͹ȥˡ
ȻӣһЩ˵ССʱɣͷЩѶﲻæˣ㿴ܲܡ
һˣҪǮĿЦһ˵С˰㿴Ǯ㶼ܴԷǼǮ
һ͵˹۾һһ˵СҲû취ˣ֪ûǮڱ˴ߵýֻܿ취
ڹվ̨ηηβӣǷ˱һƨծҪծ˸ұæܰ̸Ǯһ취Ҳûеġ
Ц˵ˣС֪ûǮǻҸ
ִսЩѹ·±˵Ļ
С˵ôİɣ㿴ոչЩֵǮĶ㣬Ƚһȥѹ˼ңȹʱϿˣ㡣
Цⶼˡ
治ɫ˵Сǳȥ˼ңҼﱾö죬ƽʱҲʡԼãʲôֵǮĶư赹һѣɶûð
һ£յҶߣηη˵費һѪ׹ҪȰǸң


18
ǰǸڼŮˣסСس´飬ΨһһΣС˵Ѫ׹ƽʱҲӲֻǺúõںҲ֪׹ʲô壬Сʱмα͵͵ó棬ǻᱻһ١
Ѫһ֣ɺƵɫǶԵ׹ɫûжãֻĴָͷСһСС춹һĶҲĲôʲô
ҲСΪʲôᵽȻ˵ЩʲôҲܹ͡
ҳĬһᣬҲûдңֻǾһԣĿתĿš
ܲĿ⣬æ˵Сˣ֪ܲЩļǮɣһξ;ܻǮһԵ׹Ҳͼǧ飬ѳء
˵¾Ͳˣҿ϶ҵЩʶԩͷüǮ
ҾǽЦһ仰ˣ̲סЦһ˵ȻҵʶԩͷϽһȥƲ͵ˣαһҪĶ
ô˵һ£ƺ֪ôָֿʼһһš
Ҿôͷβû˵һʵĿľΪѪ׹Ȼ벻ⶫʲôõģܴ׳õϢ
һ³ɫҲղôˣֻǶԼ֣ĵСҾ;׹ͦõģû׼üǮҪö࣬϶ҲһЩ㡣
ԽԽС˲ʲôܳɴµҪֻ˵Ƿһƨծҿܻţ⻰Խ˵ԽףȻᣬҲûʶͷ࣬˼Ϊһֺҡڲ
ЦЦԼȻЩ˵һͦȱǮģʵڰﲻ㣬ǶԵ׹ʱˣҲû취
ӳһͻȻЦһ˵СЩ겻Ҳƭˣ֪ϣҽ㣬ĶҲзݵġֻҪ׹ʲôҲҪ
ҺٺһЦ˵Сûƭ㣬ҲŮˣòЩϲˡ
С˱һ˫۾תͽţͲҵĻô˵ˣҲû취֤˭õʱء
ָԽԽ죬·ԽԽżһԲĵ㻹˵Щʲô
˭֪ȻվһҵĶţ˵Сʵ˵ɣ㻹ð׹ңҲøϹˡ֮ǰѾϼҰϷӺúҹһˣķءҲˡ
һˢһվ˵⻰ʲô˼
Լ侲Խ鷴Ť˵ķأѾٿˣ׹棬ģѾºˣϾҲҽ㡭
ֻ˵һһףЩԼĻ˫Ѿˡ
ǰˣȻΨһĵܵܣҵľ˾ˣ
ָ˵ѸղŵĻ˵һ飡
û㣬ֻǶһ£˵СңʲôóҲ˺㣬ֻҪǵ׹ң㻹
ŭЦûϻˣķȻһӦӣ
Ҷû˵ǰĵӾͳ˹ȥ
̫أûж㿪ԴҸţѽһҽо͵ڵϣԴϲ֪ˣѪ˳Ŷͷ
ҵʱҪɱĳ嶯˽ŵĵӣ׼
û뵽ŴȻ˵úãһ˰ôԴҵģ
Ļһ䣬µĵذкȻһ֧
ҵĶ͵һ̶̵ͣʱ䣬ֲ쳤һɫӰͻȻӵذ˳
ȫǺɫ۰׺ݡҿ٣ֻ治ʱҪǶҾֱӽӡ
ԻһͻȻָ֮ϣȻһһƬڵԵüΪԣָϵһģһ
ͻȻ𶡶˵ھ̫̫飬˵סģ˵꣬Ҳ֪жôǻţ
ΪҷСҲܿõĴڡ
ڹһתͷһۣȻ˵̷ɱˣҲɼġ
һ䣬ڹͻȻͳ˹
ʶһն㿪
С˿ҵĶһ£ͻȻ˵ôҲܿӦõģӦõģ̷ʲô
ϾȥĻȫֻںڹϡûʵ壬ÿÿܴһ磬Ӵ
ﵽŶжܲ㣬һˣײϣײۣ˹
ұΪҵﴩȥû뵽ҾȻܹӣһҲʮֵĴһ¾ͽ̷ڵء
ҵֽŽѹţʹŤҪʧȥж
۵죬оͷʱϵʱĺûкͶúѧѧķȻһܶһᡣ
С˼ұסӵܼ٣ֲһ¶ͷϵѪ߹˵̷㶷ҵģһǾ仰㽻׹ҾԲ˺㡣㻹
ҧһȥɣ
һݣͷʱ˳ȥ
С˿ӣϵһæһˣ֪һģݺݵˤ˵ϡ
ҼûԼҪʲôֻҧһ
ֵĿңŤȥҺͷ㾹Ȼ˷ͷԭѾˣ
ʲôҲˣͳҧ˹ȥҵͷȴûô飬һ±ҧֱۣ۵۴У
ҽҧŲɿڣһĵ棬ͻȻһִӵذ˳
ҼƲҲ֪жƵƵĹΧҵܹķѣȻֻڹͶԸˡ
ԽԽҧҲԽԽ
۵ô󺰣һֳֻһȭһȭĴÿһ¶û飬ܿҾ͸оͷۻըһۣ
ȻͻȻϵĺʱתܶͷ˵꣬ǿٿعֵĻǲûӣͻϿͺڹϵ
ۿڶֻڹҲȫӵ룬ͷϵľʹ׼ӲϳҴֵ֣Ŀյһҧס֡
ҲûϴˣҧʱйζĵҲ³ΣͷֻǿаµȥŲҧסϵĺߡ
ƺʶĿģʱһֺֻݺʹҵͷ
ҾԼͷƤ챻ˣﶼʹڶֻڹѾߣץҵͷ͵һק
ڹϳھôһ˲䣬ҧסĺҲˣ
ڹĶȻһͣͺߵľżһұѹס͵һƣͷһѳ
ұʰӣʱӦҲܿ죬ѾץϿĺš
ۿûлᣬҲܼͷڲϣ·ϵĶñһףͳȥ
ʱͷһۣҲݺݵĶңҴһ˵̷ţһģ
ֻƨһƿž˳ȥպûײͲ͵ķԱǱŵľٶһҲû˼ͣͳȥ
˷ҽûͣȻô׷ϾаúܡܵԶˣҲͣ˿


19
ҿʱ䣬ѾĵƹⶼѾһҸģֻңһ֮ڲ֪˼ΣÿζѣͺҿǸмΣջһ֪˻ǲҡ
óֻ绰Ǻع顣У˰Ҳûдȥ룬ְѵ绰
ղС˵ЩҾԼڲֻô򵥣ƺкܶһһſҾ֩ķɶһʱײ
ָоͺڰ˫۾ңһһҲ᲻漰ԼߵˣԱ־룬ûġ
ڽֱߣϸϸС˵ĻЩľٶ󣬾ԻˡܹƹΪԼ£ǰӵģΪѾ˵ԶԶ
ɾˣҪԸһͦ׵ġ
ηηβӣڿ˵ȷʵڰǡˣǸʼû
С˵ƺ˵ԷһǸԶ֮ϵˣܹƵԼΨһ˶֡
ҵһ֧̣ҪӣԽԽ
ǵĿľѪ꣬Ѫ꾿ʲôôΪҵɥĲܹȥߵķĹҰⶫ᲻ľûˣ
ָоҿʼײ֮ԶֹԼô򵥡Ѫ׹óϵҲô׽
СǾ仰ڷܹڹʱңʲô
ҵʱϸ룬ڻ仰кܴ⡣
ʱ򣬺СͨŮûκβ˯ǹɡһеӣͺƽһʱʱϲѰͨ
С˵Ǿ仰ƺڰʾҲһܹعܶС޷顣һ󣬺ҼȫԲһ顣
ֲ²⣬ȻиŮ˳˹վǰҵͷպܿµĸ߸ЬվŲ̧ͷһۡ
Ů˴ʱУҲƯڻͷʺܸߵ֡
΢΢ӣĿҡ
Ұͷֵʲô
Цһ£˵ǲ㰡ӡ
Щƣϸ˿òûʲôɵĵطҲܸоĺȷǱĹ֡ҵȷʶҾղŵ飬İ˵ķǿЩֻЩߣҪ˵ͻȻȻĵŶˣѶ԰ɣƺһƬ
֣ĵ̷һЩ
ҵͷʣҲѣ
ЦһЦߣ˵Ѱɡ
⻰ֵͦģʲô˼
΢ЩʧĸңʵϲܾˣһֱûӦѣô䲻ȵģһϲελϡ
˵ţ̾һں飬·Ǿᡣ
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һĨͷͻȻЦ˵ҸղǱ߿ܾˣϴһ룬˵ǸѣûϴǵƬҶܶˡ
šŶŶһк˵á
һЦ˵ôҽл
ҡšһ䣬û˵ǿҲ̫飬л΢ЩΣĬһᣬͻȻ˵ǸܲܰҺʱ˵˵ûΪرԶ
ΪʲôôˡԭҺĹϵɹλһʶ˾˵ֻҲ֪ɵأ̫ϲ伫ˡ
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һͷܲŮ˸顣
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绰ܿͨˣлװһСŮ˵ӣ˵࣬һļƤ
죬أ
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һ㶣ôҼңѵ־ãҪҵˣ
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ҾȫǸûʲôԵŮˣ߸˵棬ңȫһʶ˵ôԼ顣
ƺ룬ùϵЩСŮ˵Ļ֪Լأѿʼ֡
һ·ϻ˵żӦһ䣬ġ
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ȵʲô
лûңɰҷĹһһ򿪣ƺʲô
æȥҪֹĶһһʯͷȫ


20
ҲȫȻңһζķĶ
ҵһоԼײˣһ־òԣлкˣѡľٶϳǧӣﻹˡ
лһϣûҵҪĶ˦һףײǽֱӱƬЩˣ
վңЦ˵ѪҲûзڼﰡû취ˣֻˣ
ҾôҲ֪Ѫ飿ʲôˣ
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Ҿȵķ֣֮ϣͺһƬȫûͷͷƤ֮ϣȴһ죡
ͺܴܱպϣﳤһҵݣһͷ˳
ͺĴͷ˳һ
ǰ˵̷ڿǶúأҪѪ꣬ҪԼ
ҿԺĵĴ죬쵽սСʵСģ
лЦһ˵ҷϣô鶼첻áԶ֡
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ұѬ͸΢΢һٶۣͷͱͷס
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Цûһ˿ԥ˵ȳͷл껹ڣ㻹Ѫ˵ҿǡĶˣ
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лŴӵԺͲ϶ţͣ³ѪȻˢһ»عͷ۶񶾵ĿҺͶкһͻȻʧˡ
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ڿĲˡһһȭͷͳ˹
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˵Լ㷿
ɻ˽ȥַж߰㣬Ӷ˳һҵ÷飬ϵһȦ򣬼Ѿˡ
һУĳһģһ
ȵô£ǲ
˵ΣҲǸҪΡ
Ҳźҽ
˶֪鲻ãȰҲûʲôãԾͲңҲֵԼ˶һ˳ԡ
ϣûжҵͷֻ϶绰æ֪ŵӣȻ÷ſˣΪȥ̽һ£ȴûʲô֡
߽ûһᣬȻﴫܴĶܹȥһͼҷĹһһԶ򿪣Լǽײм
ܲ˿ִڵϢտʼΪ˴û׹һ޲ߵĸо;̸ˡ
պ˰һ־òԣ̫̫߹ʲôҲʵҲգܻһܹõ塣
뵽Ĺֶ˸飬뵽֡ħ


21
Ȼεˡ
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ʲôã
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ֻħˣʱҲûʲôԺҪϣôԸ
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̽ͷſһ죬Ҳһ£ͷʲôҲû˵
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ĥôڣȻ˵̷㲻ỹڹ˵ĻɣʲôʱôСˣ־ѾûˣҲûһһʮ˵ˣҲ㣬ֻһʱܲӡԲҺ˵һչ˺Լ
Ҽ˿ڣͲټֱ˵Ѿ֪־ûˣ֮ǰڵ绰Ѿ˵ú
һ㶣üͷʲô绰


22
⻰˵ʮȻû˼ѿڶҺ˴ʮ˽⣬һ۾ܿԷǷ˵ѡ
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Ǻ͸֣Σң⣬ҿɱˡ
˽Щ֮Ҳ֪ôˡǰڻڣ־ȴΪҵŰ취Щ˼ɫЩΡ
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һۣƤֻûĻ
ҿһֱſű˵ϸŵģɱŮ
ͷ˵лͨΪʬ岻ųֵģ˾Ųʮˡǵȥʬ帽ң˵Ĳл꣬ε
ҶɱĴ̲ô˵Ѿҹϵˣʬھʬ飬ȷ֮ѾˡҲû̫ţϾѾˣϣһҪץ֮ûʲôҪʬѾˡĸĹڻҲڵϢ
˵ͷ˵ͺðˣϢȥǸлꡣȴ飬ϾʱϵԽã𺦾Խ
Ψһİ취ڣֻܵǱϢȻһĴ㡣
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Цһ£˵Сܹ𰡡
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˵ţ̾һίӡ
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˵ʵûһǲܵġ
ΪҪ쭣û뵽Цһ˵ʵûԼԼˡ
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죬ҲңɫҺö١Щղô˵
һ̣³ͻȻָָڶķ䣬˵ҲЩ֪УҪעҵ㣬ΪҲ֪ԼЩʲô³Ҫ֪ұҪ˺ġ
˵šڵʲôëƽʱʱҲʲô⣬òϴγĺ֢ɣ
˵Ҳôǹ־ȥҽԺʱԼ˳Ҳһҽ˵ָúܺãûʲô쳣
лھ飬ʱע⵽Ϊ֣ЩŹֵȫ֪ĸҵһؼҡΪʲôô£ҪȥҵĽ䱸
һͻȻʶһ־棬˼ǣѾע⵽ߵˣҼֲѪĻǻͻߵ˿ʼ֣ܾѾǶˡ


23
Ҳ˵뵽ʲôˣ
˵òǱʲôֽŰɣҪöúÿ
ü˵̷ô˵Ļأ治Ŷˡܾô飬Ǽ鼴
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ҲΪ˵һѾ㽲ˣҲɵӣôԼ̷иܴ㣬̫űˡһˣôҲ֪ϲ⣬ѧһûġ
˵ҽЩˣЩ˭˵ϻҲһ䣬ҪܱҺõȥ
ƽӣ˵ұȸƨҼĿɱȶˡҰߣţ˶úܣϴҲ٣ʲô滰ʲôǼٻҪֲɻµġ
ҺǺһЦ˵ôǶľľ٣㿴óô
˸ۣ˵ڿԺ󿴲
˵ˣЩûõģ˯ɣһΨһܹľֻ˯ˡ
조šһֹ˵ƣһʹ
ȴûô˯ڴշתࡣ
Ѫ꣬Сˣл
˿Ѿ˯죬Ȼ˵ͦɣһ㶼ֻǲڵ̫̫ġ
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һ´ڲϵѪ׹·ŵ߳ӡ
ÿСģ³ˣֱ˷ţſ첽¥ȥ
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ἰ飬棬ʵ˼˵Ҳ
۾һ˵Щɣǲú˵ġʵҼұһ׽ң˱ûѧʲô費ͬϴķͨ
ҵ˵ʲôΪҲ֪ҿɴû顣
С˲һϵĺ˵ô㣬ŲžˡȷġʲôҲˣӡ֪Ϊʲô
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ŵǼҿңҲΪܼҡʱʵҽ޸ְԺ󣬺ܿ㡣
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ҰְԺΪǵԭСҲᵽҼլס
ҰִӲ֪С׽ı£ȻżһЩΪ⹫ԭҲûзϣϾڹĶһžˣѻߺס


24
Դ⹫ҰԺС˶ص飬ֻۣû
Ҳ֪⹫ҰܵԭСÿᵽǺȥȻ˵ΪҲ²⣬ܸ̫̫ǣơ
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С˵˵ҰְֺܹŰˣһ˵һֻԽݣҲܲйڵʵ˵ƭȻǹ¶ĸˡʮһϢҲûС
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С˽Ѿڸϵһˮȥ˲ǵˮգ˵С㿴֪Ҳ˵ˣѪǲǿԸˡ
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һһЩ֮ǰûС˹ҹŪڵ·ȥ
һ´С˿֪飬ʱ˵̫ңһ˼·
ȣ⹫һң׽ΪҲһͦʦҸ׽֮õѪ꣬ȻȻ֪ʲôʱѪϵѪΪѪɥ
С˵˵ӦѪѹƵûˡֵǣ֪ʲôԭѪ겻һ飬µģǻаһ֡
ôʵңѪ꣬ҲǶ˵ᦡѪȴˣҺһ壬Ի˵ЩҲǳġ
С˵ĻҲ˼ֻһЩһ벻ף紥߱仰µӣһ֪ѪȱһæߣٻǶ᲻Ϊⶫȥ
ҲȥֻϣԶﴫĺҪǶ˸̣ҲԲþ̫̫ҲҪҵ
ΪԷһ»ؼԺúͶ˵һиǺõġҪǴ߱Ҳʱ취ֻܰοԼ˵ҲЩֶεˣô׾ģ


25
һ·ųߣûпһų·ϾһˣŲԵøĴ
żһ磬·ߵľû죬⼸챾еúܣܻ᲻̽ͷȥЩɭӰŷŲ
һᣬԼવĽŲȻòԾҲȥһĽŲȴ
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žһǳǳĺŪҺĪܸоЩ죬˵


26
ҲӰӿһۣ֮ǰûʲôͬǽϣֱ˶ŵĸо⻹ұ֪ʵվŵǸŮ
һᣬһǹ˵ƣ۲Ĳ˯˹ȥ
ĵͷ˯ˣɾͺ񿴵ӰһҸһ۾ϾͿʼǸΡһڹײ濴ҡɷԼˡ
ҿڳ£ȴᣬֻЦ
ŬܸоԼʲôţ񱻰һεһҳŴ۾ɵٴȻǸڷµŮӰһѹҵϣҵֽţ
һ͵һͻȻ˹¶ͷ亹Ż
ҳ߿һۣѾˣڷҸտʼ·˽ˣ˵ҸأϢˣ˵Ůڳķꡣ
ҡŶһûôӦЩŹ֣ʵôˣû˯á
ҿ˿ʱ䣬Ű˵룬Ҳֻ˯СʱǺǰһôáôȥƲö೤ʱҾܼ˼ˡ
·ͷϣ뱻쿴Ҵŵĵ׹ȥ˵ĵ׹ɣôⶫóˡ
һæֵסøϣû
ֳǰһһ˵ʲôֲҪ㣡
Ҳ֪ôͣһ˵Ҵ׹аúܣ˵˻ȷ֮ǰñ𶯡
üëһЩŵ˵ôаŵĶ
˵ûлȷأСĵܱԺҪǿ
ű˿ڣ׹顣
ǡʱ˽۾һ˯߲ӡ˸ĹǷһ޺ģһﱾǸڵ׿ȹס
һۣ˵ʰҪˡ
ȥģ˵ϣûɢɾصȥû׼ҵŮĲлꡣ
æʰȻҸоԼģҲͦģϧֻ죬ɡ
ܿϴ֮Ǿ׼ˡ
ҲҺͶôҲҪȥ
˵ǰڶ˲һҵȥ
һҲǣڵͦ˷ĵġͷһۣû˵Լ£ֵһ䣬㲻ƽʱһ
ûֱԽ¥ȥˡ
Īͷںקǲĵˣôûء
˵û£ԲϤ˾ӣʱ˴˽˾ûˡ
조Ŷһû˵
ĳһ͵˳԰
ʱ̫ѾܴˣѾ£ҲԽԽ硣
˳һƬ԰ǰûʲôˣϾڻûɨĹʱ
ܿһᣬ˵ˣɢòˡûϷ
ҲûһξջҪô˳úõȥ
ʶڸЩʲô
˵ҵŮ˵Ĺɣ֮˵
һ£˵˵Ů˵֣Ȼͷȥҡ
ƬĹϾר޽ģĹеĶ룬һѡһ
صģֻ㲻ײƽҲ˱֮ġ
߹һĹϸ֡ʱ̲סܿ³ʲôԾ顣
ҲǺĵġտʼãûãҺȻص˽ʼֻ½һӰɽžʮЩˣıȽټ
ЩҲ֪ǸģڷصȥûиĿġ
ЩԶĶһֻۣͷţҲ֪ûע⵽ЩͻȻֵˡ
۾ϸһһǳͣÿһܷӡ
תͷһ£ȴЩ˶ǳ߹
ҵŴҲҳͷԼʲôûע⵽ֿ֪ǸŮ˵Ӱӡ
һȻƵģ۳Щ˿ȥŷӰӶûУ
һæŶһŻعͷߵľҲסˡ
ʮĳ߹ıܶǰ취ͷˣҲܲˣоô߰ôȫ
żͻȻǣֻЩûؿȥĹ»ѣɲʲôġġ
΢һЩҪȫġֻܾȥǣԼһЩôЩ»û㲨ǲܵġ
ҰͷѹúܵͣӲҲͶϿˣŲĳһŲţɸ߲˼Ϳһ˫ѾߣҼ
ǿװ򶨣æһˣٶȱöࡣû߳ͷߵĹ»ҲˣӲסҵȥ·
վסˣ̧ͷһһͷͣƵ̧ͺһͨӡҵ붼˻ɲʲô򰡣
û뵽ǣͷֳһ̽Ȼʹﴩȥˡ
ֻоһ䣬ͺƽʱúôȴĪĸоʲôҲû
һԶ춢ңҲһ
֪ͷģ˸գתһΡȻûʲôµģҲͲˣŪҺȵģòһ
Ҹ߿ͻȻ̷𶯣
һ㶣ĪǣɫѾˣܹڰﲻϷʲôһֱ󿴣
ѵʲôͷһĹ֣
ҿ˻ŵģһͷֻܽ۽ǵȥ
ŷָոճ߹ļ»궼߿ˣٶȱȳʱҪϺܶࡣͺʲô¶һ
ۿŶܹѾܽˣͬʱҲñһʲôѹһ
΢΢ͷͻȻһ˫ѪֳܵҼϻֱҵԴץ˹
һʶĳǰһӸնͻȻӭͷһ档
ûϵһһˤĹǰͷײ棬̾͵ӱãǿعͷȴһûͷ­Ѫſұϡһ
ŵæϵӣŬҪѳ̷Ҷ
˵⻰ѾˣһѾ
ͷŮˢһվ𣬼ææȥ
Ѿҵߣһ䣬æϵһץ׷ȥ
ҲæְҴӵϷû°ɣ
˵û¡ֻ˿ͷŮ׷˳ȥһĹΪ£ǹһ·ͨ裬ȴòţͱһء
ż׷ȥ
˭֪ȻһңҿһۣɫŹ֣Ҳң̧ҵϵӰһȣһ䣬׷
һͺһֿҴδŮ˵ӰӺȻҽѳȥ·һźӰͷŮķ˳ȥ
һŮ˵Ӱ֮ԼӰӲųڵϣ
죬ͷҲ벻ͨղһĻô¡
һѣʲôʱôˣ
ͷң˫ãһ£ʣʲôͣ


27
ҳ׷ȥӰһָѾȥͷŮ󣬺ɫӰͻȻӵϳ鶯·һߣͷŮĽſʼһȦһȦȥ
ķӦΪȣеҿʲô
ҿȻһ֪ӣոշҲȫǵã˸һ˵ĻûôأһղŵķӦȫͺһˣʹ
ҾɲеעﶼӰӺͷŮϡ
Ѿ׷ȥеһһ㣬Ĺϣһֶ档ֻһСӣ˻
ߣҲſ屻ϵ
ϣֻһֻͨҪСࡣΨһͬģϰССϵ˺ɫɰһƺһͼһ𣬿״
˵ֻˣӲġӰŮô£ΪʲôͻȻǣ
Ŷ˵еʣӰŮ˵ǸһŵĶ
ͷɻҿ
æҡͷ˵ԼҲ֪ôͻȻȥˣ
ҿһ׵ӣæ벻ͱˣͷŮҲץˣҪôܰѸϵĲлŪ
ûʣ˽˵Ȼȥ㻹óЩͷ
˵ͷ⼸Ҳ˲ˣٵҵ⣬ֻҪܻžС
˵꣬һЦŻذ˳ȥһѣ˵߰ɣһǿСôء
˵꣬Ҳȥվԭһᣬ˵ıӰ֪ĸоƺҪԵ飬ǣҲԽԽࡣ
ǻصͿʼãָҺѼҾƵһߣ۵󺹣ȻץһŴףڵذϣһѡ
ȻͷֺͽţֱźõŴ֮ϡſڣΪлᶯԼܳû뵽ոſһŴ׵Ǻ
쿿ǽţôʲôã
Ҳʵ⣬κڿڲԡֻŶ
˵ŴױҲаõĶͺӰЩʬҧ˿һиݵġʵŴںǿ̷ϵģ
üͷһ壬˵ڹ˰ɣüǿ
˵ҪǸͷŮ̷ȥǽ̷ϵų˵Խ׳ԺԽŲ뿪
һ⻰̫˰ɣȻֱӰϵĲлñһΣ
ҲЩģʶҪǱ֮ء
ͦģ˵һֻܹһ꣬Ůľ̷ˣ
һŴ׸˳Ҳæվ˵ǲУҪʧˣɱʲô
ڳһ޹ӣ˵ûҲҪôڻеᡣ
û˵ˡҿһۣʾû£ҽɡ
ӰץӣߣȻҺָϰ˺˵ȰסǼǿ㱣հɣʵڲо͸ꡣ
˵ֻܵͷ
ţְſʱӰӾʹ˳ͬǣӰŮȻǽϣûйҵĽ¡ͷŮͺ۾һ̾ͳ˹
ֻŵһѪζûԴһһҵ塣ȻһһûҵҽŵĻҪǶʹסңͻ
ͷŮӣͺڴһ·ֱ֮ϣûʧһһ㣬ʼ˫ȣףۿžҪʧҵǽϵӰͻȻ˹һ²ͷŮĽ֮ϣһлûнҵ塣
һûֹ
Ҳû˼ЩֻԽԽ䣬˱ʼϻһһ£֪ͷҲҪϾͺɺʹŲϳ壬ƺҪһ
ҵʶԽԽȻʲôҲ֪ˡ
һֱڽҵ֣һֱظҶߣҷֲ˭ҾԼһܿտĴ·ϣɣûκνҰֻܿСһƬ
ǰĴһֱںҵ֣˳ǰȥ·ûоͷô߶ڡ
ţҺȻоڱңͷһϾȻһܴ֣Ҳ֪ģһɺܴȥ
Ҳ֪룬æͷһۡ
ȻֱվһŮˣѪһµѿڡվҵҲ֪೤ʱ䣬ôĶҡ˲Сľš
ұܵˣϵĺͻȻҳŮײ˹ȥ
ƺҲδϵæסҵļ򣬰ʹȥ·Щ֮С
ϵĺҲǳصģ֪ʹקңҴŮ
ŮҲϾʹ˰֣ôֲ£ʹק˼£۵Ҹоˣ
ɾʱҺȻһŮ˵֮ǰһֱڽֵһ
̾һȻ˵ȥɡ
̸еһѣָоͺ񱻳ײһ£ǰŮסʱҷ˳ȥ
һ
Ҵӵ͵ſΧ
һڷһԽĿҡſڣЩеŴǺ
ϴһϲɫ˵ˣΪôûˣ
ҡҡͷԼһ㣬ǻϲл顣
æʣŮأ
һеһСӣ˵ѹǰһ룬ﱻײˡˣ
ԼĲоƽͷҲʱļ
һϲɹ˰ɣû˰ɣ
ͷ˵ûˣǸղ˵㣬ҪŮĽűӰŮסˣҿ᲻ĻꡣлԹ̫أͳˣֱͦΣյġ
ҳ¿һۣӰŮӰֽҵĽϣҵӰӡ
ӰŮɶ˼ֺøУȻŹŹֵֹģȷʵҺܴæ
ߵߣ˵û¾ͺˣղżˣ˵ŮҪʬ꣬ĻƳȥ
ղž飬ðһ亹æʶ˵Ҹղźһطɵģ·ֺûС
һ۾úܴ˵㲻˻Ȫ·ɣ
һ֣ҲһղŻãڲʶԼĲûˡ
ҳĬһᣬһͷŷԼͷǺ
˵ҺڽңŮƴң˴Ӻһƣ˹
һۣнĪ֮ɫһᣬ˵ôֵطҲйأ
ĳͷᣬͻȻеѹ
˵Ǹ衭


28
˺ȻĬû˵Ҳ֪˵ʲôһᣬҵļ˵ѹǸˣܻġ
ҵͷܲζ趼Ѿȥˣѵһ绹徻Ű취𡭡
վҴӵϷ˵ȻˣЩǲġȻ͸úúûţʡġ
ľګġšһûж˵ʲô
СսɨһµϵŴס˵̷ڻҪȥҼҰɣ׹飬衣
һûӸղǹ˸еﻺֻ˵Լһɡ
죬˵㻹ѹʲôʱ򰡣Щһ첻ǳĻ˾Խ㲻⼸㶼ڹŹת˼Ȧˣ
ǰ§ҵļ˵ֵܣ⻰ûҪ㣬֪ӡȥ̫̫ĵ׹Ժٿǡ
ѵüﶡ˵һλֵĿһۣЦЦƺҲʲôתͷͳŶСԭ㻹е㱾µġ
Ƥô˵Ҳǫ飬ǣСүʲôˣ
ЦЦҲɨȥ٣˵˺ˣҪȥĻھ߰ɡ
ʰһ£һհ˵һȥҲõ㶫ȻԺϵĹֿܶöԸˡ
Ȼң˵̷ǵ׹ء
Ҵ·һۡ
˵ⶫ̫̫аòҪˡ㻹ǰŻǸȥɡôеá
ҡŶһȥҳӣѵ׹Сķ棬Ȼʲô£ҲòһЩҲԼţñ
˱źԺ˾ͳˡ
ûлعңЩ˷ܣ˵ǰɣҲô·
ֵĿһۣ˵ֲʶ·Ҫǰ棬Һô
Ҳû˵үԼҶʶ
˵֪ģҼǲס·ÿҪȥﶼֱҳȥġһ˾͵¥²ҵġ
˵ãûҴط˱˼ҵ
ҲΣǵþ̫̫ҵλã˵ϳɣĥˡ
ҺͶһӦһλһ˰ռźš
Ӽʻ⣬ûþ͵˾̫̫ſڣ㶡ۼ⣬Һ춼ЩǲĶӣµĻͿȥˡ
˳߽Ժӣҿ˿ܣһûʲôŵĹӶһЩ
ţͷǱ˱֣˵ɡ
û˵ʲôֱӸȥЩɣſһ£ŶԶ˵㻹Ⱥ;̫̫˵һɣϴβűϳððʧʧܽȥ֪ء
һ֣˵û£ɣء
޿κΣֻܸȥܸƨ°ֲ㡣
Ҹһ߽ӣŵϴǹζҽµӰŮˢһ¾뿪ˣĵϲҽȥҲ̸ϵͷͣĵĲȥ
·Ҳһ£Ȼָûһ˽ȥ
æסԼӡ
쿴һۣôˣôͻȻ׳
ͷ˿ң˵ΪҼѬԵʰɡ̷ϵĹϴʱˣܲǺġ
˿ëסڱǡ治֪Щʲôе㣬
Ÿ˽ȥ
ƽоϴûʲôͬǹЦգ̫̫ɳһǣĹ㲥ͷú룬Եͦо
Ҹһ߽ȥȻͻعͷ˫۾һۣʱôˣȥ
ҳ˸ۣٺһЦƺһͦĵġȻ̫̫ܵǰ˵裬ȱҪء
̫̫ڶͷһһţ˵ҵСڣܳȥ컹ûڹڻˡ
ž̫̫֣Цһ˵ĺˣæҲ˵ʲô㿴Ͼߡ
̫̫üͷһ壬϶˼ֿɬ˵ʲô㻹Ҫߣ
˵ǰһû湻ء
̫̫˵ʲôκҲƲסӣһܲ죬Ȼ˹ȵҪҿʲôǸϹǲ֪
̫̫ǳΪѵӣûֻӰóװŵ׹ĺӡó̫̫Ȼסһ˵䡭
ĵţ̫̫Ϲˣһ¾ܷϵķġֻ֣ţƣ
ҰѺõ̫̫ǰҪӹûݸ
һ£ͷȵôҿĶɣ
æ˵ǲǣҲԭģԼźһ㡣
мĺһֱǰٿҡ
򿪺ӣ¶һѪ׹̫̫ͻȻһͷˢһתͿ˹
ţȻԵһ졣һ
æתȥһ𹩷㰸ϵЦշ֪ʲôԭԵڵҵķ飡
˭Ҳ֪ô¡̫̫ͻȻһ̧֣žһģͰѵ׹ӸȻæջ֣½ʹţ·Լʲôණ
ұֻһѪ׹ѣ֪ʲôǻԺС˵ĻԱһ£Ҳһ١ȫʼδġ
ŵǶƬֿеĺӣ˵һ䣬Թԣⶫ̶ֳȰԼˡ
˵꣬תͷž̫̫ӾȻҲˣæס裬ʲô
̫̫˺ðŻعЩµ˵Ҳ֪ʲôⶫǲ߰ɡ
˵꣬һס˵㲻׼ȥˣҴڼԽԶԽá
üͷҿһۣѵüɫصӣ֪ѪΣѾˡ
̫̫ûҺ㻹ߣѵҪǺŸġ
æԲ˵̷̫̫û˼ֻϣæѡ
̫̫ƺֻǲͷ˳ķȥ˵ɡҲЩ飬ȰҲܣͷ˭ҲȲ㣡Ҳ˵ģ
ʱεһۣ֪˵ʲôá
ҳĬһᣬ̧ͷԶ˵ȳȥһ¿԰ɣЩ뵥;̫̫˵
˶һۣЩ֡
ֽ̫̫˵Һûʲô˵ģ߾ˣ
ûֻʹ˸ɫ˳һ£뿪ӡ
ֻʣҺ;̫̫ˣɳͷһ£ƺҪԶһЩ
ͷһᣬ˵̫̫侲һ£˵껰ߡ
ûң͵ǰҵĻš
Ҳû֮ǰ˶˵ⶫ˶ϸҲ
һû˵̫̫꣬Ȼڣ˵аĶ˭մȾ˶ûҲֻǸʱ⡣
һ£Ȼеף治ϣĴ𰸡
ҳĬһᣬһ䣬ż


29
̫̫һͻȻһץסңһ˫ûкʵ۾ֵĵ˵ʲôôˣ
۱ץۣЩֲæ˵һûкͶ˵֮ǰҲ֪顣̫̫֪Ķ࣬鷳һûʲôȵķ
̫̫ȻɿңĪȻйһ˲䣬ҷ·ʮ֮꣬ǰȫͬ
ɳϣҲû˵һȥĸо
Һܽţһ£һƵųҿ˹
סң˵±ö֪
æͷ˵ã̫̫غһ˵Ҳ֪ʲôȵķʲôġаģһģû׼жܹƷ
С˵ĻЩۣҲ˵ҵһѪܹ꣬ҵ⻰;̫̫˵ģͬһ˼
æ߾̫̫Ѫ걾һԣһ룬֪ʲôط
̫̫ץҵһڱľһ˿ϣȻСܱȾúá
ϲǰҳû׼ѹⶫоˣ
һ룬̫̫ҲûķˣڹغҪеĻ˵ˡ
ֻõģһһҳԲöµġҳȥ˵߶㣬ڼҵϢɡ
˵꣬Ҫߣ̫̫ҵȴûɿ
ɻһۣ˵ö㣬ûʲôƹı¡ҵһ֮ǰԲȻֶ࣬Ҳ᲻١æٶҲܿһЩ
һ⻰֪̫̫Ѿƹˤˣ֮ǰһٸԸⶡһ𣬵ҺǰһϵƣЭû׼ҳ
̫̫ȻҲѪҵĶҪ;ˣͶˣҲû
һûӦ̫̫ͳһö
æΧھ̫̫ǰ
̫̫ͷϧǣֲұֳֻǿװ򶨣Զ˵ˣȻҪȥǾȥɣҪӦңΣԵȱԼҪ£Ҳͻȥˣ
춼֪Һ;̫̫˵ʲô⻰Щ֡
ɴ۾˵ʲôɵأôһˣ϶֪Լ̷ȻʲôΣҿ϶ҲԼܵģ
̫̫һ⻰Һһۣεʼ硣
ֽ̫̫˶䣬Ҳû˵ˡ
Һŵһᣬ˵һߡ
ݸһ֧̣;̫̫˵ʲôˣôһ¾תӣúƵġ
Һݺһֻ̣˵׹ˡ
̸ոշŵߣͦȵʣ˵׹˿ܻ̫̫Ҳô˵
ҵͷ˵ǣǶ֪
һ£ҲˡĬ˺ܾã˵ðɣԺСõ㡣
һ䣬žͱƿˣĻҲʱʣôУСү⣿
һڣ˵Σ
ٺһЦԳȥ
ҿǸӣͻȻеѹ治ȥҲһ׹ᷢʲô顭
ֱӷؼһ·˭û˵Һ鶼Щأ෴ƺ˾̫̫ǣ࣬
˼ҵɳϣȻ۵ָоϵƣۣһԵĸо
Ÿ裬ĵӼĶҿһֶۣЩСӡԴϴ֪Ź֮ҲûⶫЩ档
ʶѹյʲôã
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𶡶䴰̨ϵЩΪÿܹɹ⡣һ־ëëģҼﾹȻôҪǳʲô⣬һƣǲȫˣ
˵𼱰ҹﶼֻЩСɲʲôġĹֻ࣬ԶഢڣҲΪԷһиϡ
ҵͷֿʼ˼Ѫ顣²ϣ뵽ֻȻϼһˣȥûʲô
ǰС˵˵Ѿҹһ飬Ѫֲϼҡ
Ұҵ뷨Զ˵һ£Ҳһᡣ
˵С˱ϾѾ뿪ôˣû˽⣬˵ʲô©ĵط
˵ȻȻ֪Сڰʲô£ǶҵϢˣϼҾ;Բ©ʲô
ͷ˵֮ǰ۹õĻ°ʱȥʱû׼õ裬Ȼٴ͵ˡ
ʵҲ˽ģ˽⵽Щйϵ֮󣬾һֱܺһ棬ߣС˵Ļʼձǣϣ׶ࡣ
ȻˣȴôҲõȵ·ݵʱ򡣿Ҳ֪ԼͶûʱôã;˭ʲô⣬Ҷǲġ
ҴӦ̫̫߶߱飬ֻܵЩȲˣҪȥȥһûʲôҼķ
üһᣬ˵Ул꣬ܲҾͲȷˡ
Ѱ˼ӦþƱ֮࣬һַʽ
˵ⲻͬɵʲôģܹͨ飬ģЩԩһͲߣҪġ˵л꣬ضһ˵лⲻһԱġÿԸ
̾˿˵Ҳܱû취Ҫá
˵ͷ˵ȻҪȥˣʲôʱ
˵ȴһµλ飬һȥʱе㳤ʵڲְֻܴˡ
⻰һڣŷӦԼûȥϰ࣬ΪЩ飬ѹ׵Ժˡ
ҼתôҲû˴绰ңͳֻһŷûˡ
æóһᣬһмͬ´ĵ绰ġҷһϢ˵С̷Ҿʲô֢ˣ˼ǣģλҰ㶥ţҲ쵼˵ˣҲû˼úɡ
ҿԺЦãȥͱ˵ҵðҲõ˵ﻹͦлôֻҲûʱȥˣҪæҲõҴϼһԺ
ĥŸô쵼˵Ҫٻߴְ飬Ȼһ˵ˣЩˡҰְŪ׼Żȥɡ
ҡͷİְͦ˵ҪǱ֪ˣһñѪͷ


30
˵ôīˣôˣֲһ·һʣΥԼ𣬶¡
˵үΥԼǮûа
˵ɶµҪ
һ⻰ҲˣȻڹңȻȽҪԺҰݶʦѧ㱾ҲȥŪЩ塣
æ˵ãȻʰһ¶ߡ
ûʲôֻҪ˴·ȥʲôطν
ҿ죬ڰ֣˵ûʲôʰģҪߵĻ˵һˡ
ҵͷʰһ¶ϾˣͰֵǮĶϡ
Ǿͳ
λͺ֮ǰһ˶ͦĬԼλá
ﵽϼңҪСʱʮһҵ
һ·϶ͦĵģҺģһֱںԶ˯߲һ˯ˡ
Ҳ֪˯˶೤ʱ䣬ͻȻоһɲһ°Ҿˡ
ҷֳͣ·ϣΪʲô£һжͦġ
æôˣ
û˵ָָǰ档
˳ָķȥԶƣǰĵ·յú
ŷѾɽˣʱ˵һײʱϵֽˣ
ҶǰһͻȻǰתǴһվͣһһյĳ˹
Ҷʶ֪ǸȻϴǸĴŴ磬Ȼ峯ģ
æӺ̽ͷһۣ˵ԹԣӺܳԺҲֽˣû׼ͦģ
Һû˴һۣ˵ô죿ֱӿײɣ
˵ãֻǸֽˣײҲûˡ
˵Ǳ𼱰ֲʲô˵Ķ
ҺϱϾûٷȨ˵ʲôʲôҲûѳϨǵɴ۾ֽһȳһյĳ߹
ԵĳŲҴҳ˭֪᲻ϴϵֽͻȻ
ѳҡһĴֵָķ϶һͷһպÿֽһ˫۾ڴϣ޲ð
Ҳ֪ҪôֻֽһЦ˵
ֽѽѽĿʼȻָʹ죬ѳŪͺ˵һ
˭֪һЦͻȻˣֽͷ˵ûŶ
Һ춼һ㶣ֽ˺оԼϷŪˣ໵һͼֳ̧ųң
һǣ˵߰ʲô
ŷӦһţĳ˳ȥֽ˶ʱ˦ں໽ţȴ׷
һͷһۣЦǰͺСʳԶ˳ɵǰɣǶǹˣ
˵ûֻǶͦģҲˮ»·ɹúܡ
ˢתͷ˵ӣҾͰӳȥԣ
ЦһֹסˣͰ͵ңƺҰ˵ûҾ˵ã
ȻһعͷûֻŴ⡣ɽϵľԶôܣҲ֪лʲôԼԼܿģӰУõ治Ǽο顣
˲ãʱԤƵһЩѾʮˡ
ҼҺܶΣֵָܷ·
ϼҵسҲչ˲٣طǱȽҼҵլھɳǱͨЩСƽûʲô¥áҲ֪ʲôʱᱻ֪ͨǨ
Ͻϵĵ·ȽխֻһųʻֻҪ·ڷ˵㶫͹ȥˡ
쿪һֱʱת䶼Ҫ졣
òסˣһ̽ͷ⿴
˵̷طͦģԺһֶû
˵ҲĶõĶʲôֵġ
˵ûְ㿴ֱЩӣЩשǽԽֵһ߶ȫľ壬ͻɡ
˵үүСʱסˣ϶Ȳ˵ġ
ͷͶ˰Ϸӣһ·ʲôֶûԼ
һ룬ͨ˵óɾĻҲûеŪҲɻ
Һ̽ͷ⿴ãûʲô֣˵Ǹˣˡ
ǻͷһͿҼҵլӡ
ǸȽϴһӣΧһǽŵľ嶼Բ𿪡ֻһľš
ҼڽֵһСӵϽһײʯšվ⿴һᣬ˵ӵĻĹƬ˰ɡ
Ȼתͷң̷ϼӣүүǻᣬҲеǮɡ
˵ô飬֪УҲˣֲˡ
ͷûڶ˵űͣóӣŸ߽ӡ
ӴǸôԺӣǰ̾ЩݣҲķˣԺӲҲ˲٣мһïʢûʲôӣҶľҲ˽⣬˵֡
ķӦȴֿ֣ɫЩŹ֡
ôˣ˵ûɶˮЩҲǾֵֹġ
˵ǿɶ⡣˵ӣԳȥ
Ϊլûסˮ綼Ѿˡ
Ҵӹҳ򣬵ȼԺϡ˿ܣûжٻҳƱСһҲû೤ʱ䡣ڵĶڷŵû룬ЩңôСûط
ڸתһᣬǳһ˵̷Ҳ̫ɾ˰ɣɾЩˡ
Ȼ֪˵ĸɾ˼ҿû϶Ǽ¡
ҡͷô˵ֿûסӣûö֮ЩɾĶľӡ
˵ʱ䲻һӾͱռ˰ɡ
˵ǰֹ쵽µѪѽ˵йۼЩҲûܣ̫ɾˣҷˡ
˲ӣ£˵͸òĵģҪһֵĵطҲûУǲǰˡ
û˵Լ˸λ¡
˵лʲôʱʼ
˵ҪȥЩֽ֮ҪõĶŪ
ҵͷİš
ϢһᣬȻȥ˰ŷ䣬լطȻ󣬵ס˻ûġ
ҲæǸʰԵķ䣬׼׵֮󣬸Եһ˯ˡ
Լϣֻصطշת࣬ôҲ˯šлԺҪ裬ָôڣЩҶûס
һֱЩҹԺ˯š
ɻû˯죬ͻȻģ۾ͻȻһ˽ҹҿòһˢһȵ˭


31
ֳ߽͵һ˵ң
һʶǶŷæô˻£
ߣ˵
ҳɵĴӴ·Ŷ˳ȥ
ҳ˷䣬û˵Ҫʲô顣ߵԺ£ˣ̧ͷïܵҶ˵һ;ֵֹģֲַʲôĵط
һɣ˵Ѿ֪ˣСʱ򻹾ȥ棬үүúܲҡûʲôرġ
˵ɲһָҡ
ɻİȥסһָͷͻȻһҧ۵ҲæջһָѾҧˡ
ҵȮˣ
һ˵Ѫѣʲô˵ġɱˣ°쳳ŵ
ҶϵѪæסңָմһѪͿ֮ϡ
Ҷٶ治ѣҪѯʣȻ֦һֵͳ֮
֦ԽԽ·һ˼Ĵ紵ţ֮ᱻ
ҺͶæһԾⶶĴ
ҼʲôҲɹˣ
һﲻֻǳճţòŵҲǵһμʵ̫Źˣһ£û뵽ⶫǡ
ʲô
һʾҿĶ
˼ֻʵԽԽ󣬾ƹһ㡣ⱾǸʵҹһ˲䣬һرɫĸоҾȻһֳ֮УЩ͹ˡ
ϵҶͻȻҹ￴Щ֮ͺѻǰ裡
ɫأŷڲϺˣƺЩǰľ
ֻŸȻһָѽˣ
תͷһȻǹͺͺϳһϻ٣϶ʹ֮ɫһ۾׷׳ҺͶ˹Ľкţ̲ס䣡
˼סˣһͻȻĳ˹ȥ
һǵֱֹ֣ȥȻûʶʬ⣬һ㷴ӦûУ
ôǼ߹ȥһһ̤ţ
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ʹһѹԺһۣͻȻ˵ݣ
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ʱСˣоڶֱСţϵŷѾͷ󺹡
ʣʲô
˵˵꣬һûУôɾǱ̷Ϊʲôֶ
˵֪ǰһֱֻǿͨҪôһŪҲ֪ȻôΣգ
ſһ˵ϰȫĽкš
ʶô죬ǲôյŰɡ
˵û취ȥǸȵ쿳
һĭ˯ˣ˶֪ѾˡС˵ôôôŹֵĶֲˡ
ҿһʱ䣬賿㣬мСʱڼֻŲٷʲô飬ҺͶмܲסˡ
֮࣬ϻһ˿˷ܣ˵̷Եطˣ㿴ûУطѣʲô鶼ܷ
û˵עϵֻɫ̫ʵڿǵס뵽ղŶľٶʣҪѪŻ
˿ˮ˵ǣƽʱֻҪй꣬ԼȻͱ̵֮С֪ġѪΪҡ
ҲȵˮʶѵҲѪһ
ҡҡͷ˵֪ô°˵ʬǣΪִ̫ǿԲѿѾһֹˣһֹ֣˵Ҳסͨ˵ѪûõģúµʬѪԵϵҪңҲҪѪ
һѵǰȻҵݻڣ
Ҫô׳˵Ҳиɡû˺Ҳȷ治֪ǿң
벻ˣ˭
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ҿޱ飬һ֪Ȼҡֻųߣű߶һ£Ͷֳ𶡶ϵĻƷ
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ĲѸӿæôˣ
Ŀһָۣ⣬˵ڽҡ
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ϵĻƷҲܹ죬ĻҲһ㶣æʵ˭ڽ㣿ʲôڽ㣿
컹ָ˵ǡ
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ģʲô
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ͻȻʧȥ˹ҺͶȻֻ֨ѽһžͱˡ
ϹХȻǼæס䣬ܹЩ˵Ĺ
˳ȥôһգ۵ĹѾǰ־˹ȥ
һӣҲˡҲԼ᲻ᱻԻ˳һӾͳ˳ȥ
úܿ죬ͺһֻӣҴûôݹ
ץӣܵ£Щ޺ĹʹһҡеʱȥͬʱҽҲˡ
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һƽʱͦģܳʲôأ컹ϣ˵øղյǵҲñ㿾˸ɣ
æţ
˵꣬Ҷ˵Ӿͳȥһ־ĸоûУŭˣҲǾŹľˡ˾Ще֮⣬һоûС
Һܳʱûһŷּޱȣ֮ǰֲޱȵɣڻģƺǴƤĶҲ֪ЩʲôģҺܴ
ǿȥһ㣬žĶˣһֱڻֻҪһǣþȥˡ


32
һϣñ֦ܿϵĹжǳѡ̧ͷһۣѾڼм䣬ЦĿңƺ˵̷
ԽԽ󣬻治аˡץɾȥ½ĿңһᣬƺܲˣתͷܻӣصһŹˡ
һ䣬һﻹ鷳ͲˡϸһЩ֣ͶŹĵˣҳ˾֮ܳ⣬ûĸоûֱǵӰ졣
ڵûʱҿǣֻŬĳòȥһЩһȻֽŶ˲Ƥ
ҧŬסӣɵһٺЦţҵһһҪʰһ٣
Һòһ룬ԽϣԽԽ࣬飬ûҴֵĵطһһɫķңŤòֻ۾ңһƤ
Ҿ첻һףֻһģЩֽŲãϼ
ָһ䵽ϣоͺһƤģͻȻͰȥ·ûƤ⣬ûиĵ㡣ͺһͻƤϳһ
Ҿм粽СղѣתͷͿĹæж֣Ӧһҵ
Ҵ󺰵
֡ŶһҿӰææȥ˰죬ŲͻȻƿŸ˳һһľͷ˵㲼յҲǺֻܴǲЩ죬һŷ·
ôﲻãһﾹȻ·ˡ
ʤޣſһ֦ϣ˰ŰѻУһˣֵܻ
˶Ҳ˵ѾͳǰĹȥ
һӽĽˡҶֱ죬һȴˤ
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ǰĹܲ˻¶ȣͻȻðһɺζǺ˲ܺѸٸɱȥҲˡ
һŶʼһһĿԼճһ·
Ż⣬ſƤϻĶʲôڶǰɫҵҲһ
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Һòճһ϶ٶȥͷϵЦǺǵĿһСסĽţƺ֪Ҫ뿪Ȼæסߵɡ
ҼҲûӦֻЩǰ֮ϡҵߣµ鷳ǣҲ֪ôŪȥҪӲǻֱӵȥˤ
λãǰңֻҪ۾õĵطܼҽĻѣܿһۣһͻȻסˡ
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ʹĺţߵһƺŲ֪Ӻδĥһ˫۾ֱֱңļ²ѡ
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ܶʱͻҾһ߻˽ţϡ
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ƽʱҲ벻ôط
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һܲ˵ôû취ˣܶйģֻҪУᱻȥ
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һίı飬ֲ˵ˡ
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ҵͷһҵӰѾָҲǰǸŮ˵ӡ֪ʲôʱʧģҲ


33
ȻˣǵĹҲ࣬Ĭĵ˵ͷ߽ӣ¥ĳڶ¥ͷǸ˵ö׼¥һܽһûӦżƲ˳˵·ôˣ
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˵ᣬȥҲöȣǲ֪ܲ
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ɻʱˣûˣǳүүĶڷŵЩƷ֮⣬ʲô
˵˸¥Ҳæȥ
ɵҳһоͺ˸ףȫǰľ
󼱵ҽУ˵ǿʲôˣҰ
ֻһƬհףֽŶʼҪסңЩʹˤȥˡ
ҿ¥м䣬ڷһڹײģʱÿεһڣһģһ
ߵײԱߣ׸ǸǵüΪʵ֪һʬ壬˯һˡ
쳯ʹɫ˼Ǹڸ¥ˣھͶڹײ
ɵʱҷûȥƿ׸ǵһһιĶǸΣ´Ժ󣬷ŵˣԼ
ײҲһ£˵̷Ҳ̫Ź˰ɣͲ˵ˣôϲѹײķ¥ϡ
˵˭Ĺײģ
ҡҡͷ˵֪ҵġ
һ£ŻȻɫʱһ䣬˵̷Ҫˣ
첻飬һ䣬ʲôף
˵̷һΰڸеĶˡ̷ֻˡ
һĭҵֶ֪÷
Ļ˵Ĳլ죬ײģ⣬еһжˡ
ԽǰĹײģҸӲҴ򿪡
ƺ֪ҵĵǣֳҼģ˵𼱣ܵһһʱ䷢ô£Ҳûļǹȥġ
֪ڰοңɱϾһ仰жǡҲܰԼһֳ鵽ͷҪԵġ
һӹľ˵û£ȰѹײĴ򿪿˵ǸˣھͶ档
˵ͷʹ˸ɫ⣬ǰվߣվڹײǰͷսľʱ׼š
˿һۣҵ˵ͷֳײĸһֻһ׸Ǿͱƿ
̽ͷһûκˡˣǴһ
ײ˺ɫСӣҲǶ˵չĹڣ
һһ۷֮࣬Ȼмٸ
ҲǳԾŴͣϴŵɫϸһᣬȵԹԣҼĹҪ࣡
˵꣬˳һӱֽţֽɰ˲ٷġ
أſڹײıߺúÿ˿ÿһͶеһЩڣй
ͷ˵㿴𣬾˵һйҴЩЩڣǺѶԸĹ֡
һǰһΣ˵ķͨĹһͿԣҲסĹҲǸŮġ


34
ҶԷĲô˽⣬ΨһһνӴҲѪ׹ĺϡЩûкǸϸȻô˵ЩҪˣƵðȥ
ײĳֵĲףŵģ֮ĹڣǸĪʧˣһкҵʲôϵһʱ벻ס
һ£˵̷ЩĵּѪһġ
һ£˵˼Щģ
˵ͷ
˵ܣС˵˵Ұְ뿪֮ҲûЩҴСһҲû
˵κӳԱһ£ֽɫûȥҷĵӡǻϾɣЩڣŪ϶ᳬʱ䡣
Ȼϼң֪״Ƕ겻͹򽻵ΪʲôͻȻֶ
Ĺڣ£Ȼô˵ʵҲȷ˵Ҳٸڣôûץô֣ЩҪֻǰ֮ھŪõģö
ûЩܿƵģȻܴ򿪣ǾͰ֮ǰ˽˵ȫ̫ɹɾ
˵𼱣Щ϶ĿĵģȻĶǲлܼĻˡ
ҳĬһᣬ⻰Ҳԡһüͷ˵̷ҽˣԺҪǰĻˣǿ϶ᱻȥ³Ǻܲҵġ
͸ݶϵĴ濴һۣڹͺͺģҶȫڵˣ֦צĹ
ԭҲƻˣǿãûʲôãŻյĻȻϳϾҲڳһʵ̫󣬹ƻ鷳
Ȼϣ걻ȥܶ鲻ֻԺѩһԽԽ˲ʰĵز
һû˵ִ˹ͷ쵽ǰҲԺһۣ˵ҰҪˣûӰ죬һпɾͶˡ׻᲻Ӧ飬ȻҲǺһˣᷢʲôֲ飬󲻵ġ
ҳû˵˵ĶҶһһ뵽ˣҼ費ʲôҵ飬ҹһ˵ȻڻѾ߱ˣʵֵĿɺܵ͡
⣬Ѫ飬Ӧû˭ܻܲûİæȫ޲ߵġ
ȻЩΪģҺҪ裬룡
һμѾǹʱˣΪԭʱҲǴ˵ĸ߷ʱڣȫ¶ڷż٣ֻʮϢ죬ؼҳԸԲڶľҪϰࡣ
һǵϣ˺ܶˣˣڵ￴һҹĴȻƽȴԽ
ƺȥѧʼڼҵʱԽԽ̣ߵʱҲԽԽ١
ڻǵõʱݣǿŵӣʱЦЦʱ¶ԽĿĿԱ߰˵ţһƽʱûʲôֻͬǵڶ뿪ʱվſң˵Ժʱ䣬ɡ
Цŵ˵ͷû뵽ǣһͱ𣬾ͳˡ
ȥʱҶߡ
ΪһֱΡײԺҲֹһεǷܹټһλᣬԶΣգҶ
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˵ȻˣǾͰ˵ˣǵĿһѪꡣ
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ŷӦԼ˵һװӣ˵Ҳֻ뿪һ¡
̾һ˵ˣ׵㣬οľʹᡣ
ٺһЦ˵֪ͺá
ҡҡͷ׼¥ȥ׼ôˣ˳ȥϴһԼϵѪա
֪һͷȻмȽصĽӡһһǳǸȳ߹һǰеעײˣ˲鿴һܵ
һһ˵ĽӡȽ룬ӡӣȴҲв٣һ·˳ڱϡ
ǸͻȻʧĺӰֿߵ죬кȻ˵һ£ʱˣ
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üͷ˵ܣһֱء
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ϵƺԽԽˣʼΪͺԼĿơ;ʲô飬ûκμ䡣
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ңԽԽѿһǵͨ죬һסң˵̷ûӡ󡭡
˵𼱣룬벻Ҳû£ȻأĿǰûкǵ˼
⻰ٴЩοʣֻΪ˲ôѿھΪ㱣ŬĻǰ飬󣬻εҡҡͷ
Щʹ࣬˵̷Ĳ֪
̾˿ûж˵ԽԽ⣬ǰ԰ֹһΣϼңƺˡƺֻҪԽ࣬ľԽǲá
ҿһ£Ϊ˷ֹʲôֵһ߶һ𣬵ʱҲиܹƵס
ͷû˵ʲôؾĻҲЩ
һ¥˳ĸͭǮҲ֪ʲôġ
źתһȦ̧ͷ˿죬ֹģڼʲôţֽöͭǮֱĽǣɸ״Χ
Һ￴ŪһУת˻˵лҪȵԺ֮ʱɹЧʲߡȵǸʱסžͿʼлꡣ
ҵͷл껹Ҫ׼Щʲô
˵Ҫ֣֡ǰùĶĶ׼Щ
ҡŶһݰϢдȻ˼·ʶ
˵ˣȻӹڰֿʼĵ̵С¯ᵽϣִӰóһƿɰдд
ҺһֱԱ߿ţҲﲻæ±ƺңͼֺйɡ


35
ǱҺ쿴ܲˣһƲ죬˵ʲôһȥӰСү
ЦЦ˵С
ҲЦһˣϡҺֲֿϸɺԵѪˮϴȥˡ
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Ȥ䣬·֪˵ݺݵĵһۣĻӲ˻ȥ
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Щֻڡ
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Щ䣬ʵڲµ
ڷţ˭û˵Щѹֱ֡ͻȻһ֧㣬˵һˡ
Һ˾񣬷׷׳˹ȥ
ŵȼ߳䣬֮£ǹͺͺ֦һۣе㳯һ㣬ֻһҲ֪ﴵķ磬Ŵ֨ѽ졣
Һ춼һæסŴǰĺȴûбնϣˢһȼһνһΣΧ֮ڣ
Ȼ󶡶첽˹һ£˵ˣ
˵ǰ㻹ôѵΪʲôɫĹûӰŮô
ҵͷһŷֲ֪ʲôʱǸŮ˵ӰӣٶȳҵĽ£ĻҫţһһЩɭ
ҹ˲ֻ˵ʱȣ㿪ʼɡ
˵ͷתߵ
ϷŵȼжСעĶŵô
֪Ȼסһأ
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˭֪תͷȥﻹӰҸղעڶϣһʱûע⵽ȻͲˣ
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һæתͷȴּվլſڣҵ
ĿҶһһ£˵Ϲǽˣ
ڹǽ˵Ҳ˵٣Ǳסȥ·ͬһطתȦۿǼٸӰԽԽҲԽԽô졣
ûлشͷѾˮæָڿһҧ
ֻüͷָѪܡնԸƽʱԼѪǾԲģ϶ԸҧҲԸԼһˡ
ȴһԥûУĿ־ּ˼֣
Ѫָϻһͷвֹ֪һʲôһ·ͼæվ˹
ûܳլǽ֮ϣͻȻ۾ǽڣһգһգ
һûüкµĵϣͻȻֱֳۣÿһֻɫͺһƬֱ۵Ĵһ
Щַ׷׳ץȥֻһƺߣ˾ͳǰȥϵֱûӱ˺ţʹö


36
Ҽæ£ӶͳСҲ˲ûãֱӳֱ۴˹ȥֺҵĿš
ڣСеô͵һϵƾͱһܳ˿ڣƤȴûѪҺֻôһ¡
ЧѾʮˣæѶӵϵ·˺˺ܶ࣬¶ƤҲ˲ٿӣѪİTȾð߰ߵ㡣
һͷһοôǱƺҲɵˣһֱ۶˦ҵ֣һǰȥ
ܵűߴ±죬պȵҡ
֪ȻһɾקҾ
æתͷһֻµСӵͻȻһɻˮŮקұոհ챳ڱϣӾͱһᣬ˴ű߷ȥ
ֿ죬һֽץסұϻȥֻһֻץ·
ǲСӵŮӷ·棬ϸһŮƤѾˮݵøˣʱγˮ
ӷ׵ֽק죬ҹԣʹץ·ָѾˡ
ҼĴУ񺰶֡
Ѿܳһξ룬æͷһۣڵԥһ£ȻûתǼǰܡ

ҳɤִһŲһ£ƺԥһֱݺԼͷת˻
ҿó£һУĹ֣ΧڡѾȫһˡЩӰƽ֪ܲǱŶٽвֵĹ֡б£˫ȭѵȣֵĻᶼûУֻһζĶ
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״ʲôҲˣҵһѳȴˮˮУ۵һһˮһֱӿԼ׵ĺȵȻӰˡ
ҼĴУһѣ˵ڹܲôˣҾǰ
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ҺͶһĪչͻȻýһ·𱻶ͻȻס
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Ҳƽʱû˿ԵӰŮΪʲôͻȻٶȼ죬ת۾ͲסҵȫֱҲסҲܶ
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ҶһһѪڣҧס˶ʺڵӣϵĲס
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ţĻͻȻһͣ浹޴߽ҧĲţһһ֮С
ҼǵôУӱӰӽŶãŶû
ҵѾ˱ıԵˮвˣڱߣ֪õ˻˵Цգ֮䣬䵽³
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ڣȻ˯ڹײ
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˳ﲻ֪ѹǲʣ̲סͿ˳ҽҧ촽ﶼѾܵһѪζ
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һƣ죡
ϴŹЦݣŹײҡ
ҿҲ˵ţֿҵ裬һվڹײһߣЦ⿴ҡ
Ҳ֪ʱôЦóôһ˲䣬ҺȻоǶİȻվߣַ·ҺԶԶ
迴һᣬ˵Сûµġ
ұһᣬųһһ麰ʶôˣ
û˵ֻתͷ򶡶ʬһۣ˰Σ˵һ䣬ʲôѹġ
ҿӣֱŭһжѾ˶֣Ѿزˡ
ڹײϵӰŮյø
Ҷѹסҵӡ
һ˵ң㵽ôˣ
һﲻЦЦĺҲҶˣջ֣վڹײıһ
ߵԽԽ죬·ڴһװ֡ŬͷܿȥԺﵽǹӰָΣǶվһطһ·ڵȴʲô
Ǹɱ̫ţŲϵĳɫһ濴ϵߣ¸µЦţҺ޲ʬΣ


37
ҵԭΪμЩӰھӣһŷȫǹ֣
ҳ躰һعͷĿһۡ
ҪʲôΪʲôҪҷڹײ
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תͷ쿴ȥĳ⣬ǿװƭң
Ϊų˹ڣĹ֣еļƻơҲΪˣŶ
ûңֻɨһۣתͷȥ
˭֪ͻȻ˵㲻ýˣ졣
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ףԭʱ֮ǰһоѾźá
ŵ˵֮ǰСˣҡ
ҵĻ֪ˣҲ֪˵ʲôСи˲õԺһҪԶ
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˵ͷͻȻܵĹֺһף룡
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39
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40
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ЦЦ˵е㣬¥ƽʱҲûҲûʲôů豸µ͵ġ
ĵⲻǹůⰡ
˵ǲǺ°ɹģô¡
һ˵꣬Ҫǰߡ


41
£æȥʶıܿһӰ·ң·֣һһüë˵û°ɣôҲëˣ
ûǾšЩͺ԰ʱһһȥͷ׷׶һ˹½ϴңתԽ
ʵ̫࣬ҶֻܲԽԽ䣬̲סʼֽš
·ңüͷԽԽҵҲԽԽ֣ûмʣֻǰ·
ҽһһǰ̧ͷһҵӣд̫ƽ֡Ҫǵ·ңİΣһͷߡ
·ңŴ򿪣һʱϮ滹Ҫöࡣ
˵ƣ￴һۣͣʬеĲͦΪ˲ʬ帯ר豸
ܿգֻмͣһŴһˣһײڵĿ
·ңӲһĴ󣬿еģ治֮ĶֱߵʬԱߣˢһ¾ͰѰײˡ
ҴǰȥһʬƤѾȫɱȥĺʬһȫήֻʣƤͷˡ
ĵҲܲ˰ɣǲ֪ʱѲܡ
ʬϻƽʱ··ңϸ˿ͷֽţûʲôԵĵطžͰǿ·
ԭһͦӣû뵽ȻЦһ˵˿ζͦˡ
ûӦͼָʬ˵׹أ
ҵͷһӾͽסˣ
ɱʬǰȻҵѪ׹ڹײˣô
·ңҪȥҼæһŵ˻
ֵĿң˵ʲôѽһ
æһץ׹˵ⶫ
·ңһ£˵ʲôѽѵ׹ŻȥȱǮ˵Ķܲɡ
ҿЦãҡ˰ͷ˵ҵĶ
·ңüһһεı飬˵Ķôö˶˵ĵˣŻȥ
˵ߵߣΪûҸߣңƺõЭ
˵ҵĶǰöˣ֪ΪʲôϡҲԭˡ֪ôģ
·ңһЩ˵Ŷ˵˵ôģ
˵ѪȻҲ֪ΪʲôֻҪ
֮ǰѪӣʱ˵ѪҧҲۿָѪҺ͸ǰˣƾΪѪĹϵһ˿ѪҺøɸɾ
ֵǣѵûио𣬾ȻѪһֱ
·ңüͷȻû̷һܿóʼմһֲθС
ͷ۵ĺܣŮ̫Ѳˡ˵Ȼ͵˵Ķǻǿ߰ɣȥںͣ˱Ѫ꺦ˣҲ֪᲻ʲôʱҿû취㡣
˵ôṦЩ궼Ѿ߲תƣҺѾɰܿԼëˮ
·ң˷۾˵ô
Ҷ˵䣬߰ɣ
һһ䣬ҲתʹȥҸһͻȻʲôסˡסҵĶǳӲûһСҵͷһһϵʬ徹Ȼˣ
ץסѪֲſ
ŵһˣ·ңæסңҺʬм䣬Ҫǿֱִÿ˵û£˸ˣ񾭻зӦŻЩ⺺ǹˣǸеļˡ
Ȼô˵ôǿ־һôҲܴϰǿ
ҷǳżָоͺԼûֽһܡֻſ·ңʹš
̧֪ͷһȻʬˡתͷң
ĶǳӲľżÿһ¸˵ĸо쳣ɲ
Ҵһ£漴·ңļûңһ߰Ͼͺˡ
ֱĿŴϵʬ壬Ҳ񾭷Ӧ
·ң˵ɶ
̧ͷһۣҵı飬ͼæתͷȥʱҲסˣ
Һʬм䣬ü漴ʬſͣ¶һŷƵݣ
·ңһʱӦľګ˵һ䣬Ӧǡթʬɣ
һڿʬķӦ·ңһͼתȥ
ұⷴӦһæȥʬץҵ֣һֱӱҴӴԵһ죬ڱĵ֮ϣ
ˣֻûзſͱһֱǰȥ
·ңܵſڣתͷһǱŵʬ壬ɫһ䣬־ͰŸ
һŵʹȥǷţ·ңסôҲŪ
һŮˣ֮ǰӲͦһ״ܵñӻ죡
ۿʬһֻɱץҵĽţһ߿żɨһۣͦʬõļ״֮⣬ûκζ
ʬ˳ֻһֱڷתȦһ·ǽ˦֪ȻѾ˾߸ʬ廹ͦʵģƺȫܲʹӣÿα˦ǽϣһ죬ûʲôЧ˺
ֻҪһиҪץҵȡȫͣʲô°Ӷǹ겻˵һôһ˲˹Ķ֮ϹܣʱʱᱻЩͻȻ˹Ĺһ
һֱץţһֻҵڶİ﷭ң뿴ûʲôõĶʬƱ˦ŭˣץҵֶʱӴֱֻһۡûüӰҳʹһϮİ͵ȥ
ʬ˳һץһֻžͱݺסܿԼƤⶼðȥˡֽϱץĵطʱ۵һµڵϡ
ʬ岻һеĳҿʹţͷѾɱûѪɫֻһŷǳ͹ԳؽţƺҪһȥ
æһֵ֧סӣᣬȻҴĶ࣬һʱҧ
ڵĸоͺںһͷ޲һ΢עһͻᱻһҧ
ʱҺȻ⴫·ңЩĺ̷㻹Űɡ
ͷ󺹣һ˵Ҳˡ
˭֪һӦͣʬصһͱ߿ˡ
תͷһ·ң˽ﻹһֽţǳţƺԼһѽĴһͻŸͷ˹
ԭӣǳˣ·ˡû뵽·ң踫ͷ˲䣬Ȼµİ۾ˣһӲƫеĳԴͿ
һæӳһŤն㿪ĸͷصһڵϣҵԴȥģ
·ң죬۾ҿûУ
ұٶŵֶˣҪҲôأæ۾ڿʬһİɣ
·ңһ۾һʬ嶼Ѿؿˣæ˵ŵ㣬Ҫˣ
˵ְѸͷ̧׼ʬı˳־Ҫ֡
һаһʬһˣҾôУʹֻʬץסֳһ˦˵㳯Ͽ׼㣡
·ңŶһĿСˣΣ׼֡
ұͷȥҿоͺ̩̹˺ϵĽܿ˵ʱһģŮ˽æ˺£


42
ֻԡһѾڵذˡͷһҵֻڣǸ˵ݺᣡʬĴĵطһϣܿǶϱ۵ĵطЩɱƤ⣬ǹѰ׵ɫûһѪҺʳ
һͣæʬƿڵϣæѸͷ·ңӹʬץסȵ־ͺݺݿȥ
³״ѳһæӵתͷһʬ徹ȻҺ·ңһݣḫͳԴһ֪󣬾ȻֱӰʬ嶤˵ϡ
ɾˣЩȱ֫ڲ趯š
·ңһѣ˵ܣ
·ңûлӦѾӾͳͣʬ壬һܳţ۵һ¾Ͱŷ
һ·ңɫЩͣðŻع˵һǵһμ
һһ飬˵˴˱˴ˡ
ȻͿһģҴææ˼ôˣ
·ңû˵ֳָָҵͷһŷǱµĶ־Ȼץϲţǿ
ʹóѪˡ
·ң˵𼱣ȥңҰʳһٿ顣
ղӣ滳ûˡ
ҰڸסֱۣҪ뿪ͻȻһ죬ǰĵźȻˡ
Һ·ңһ㶣Ϳһװˣһ˳һǸղǴﳳµ߼ˡ
Ϊ׵תͿǣֵһ䣬˵Сңô
˵ֿ꣬һۣ˭ǹԱǲ׼İɣ
Ҳ֪ʲôݣǿ·ңɫãҲûڻش
ֻ·ңһ߼Щ˼ɵĶ˵֣ôҲˣûʲôÿģǻȳȥɡ
ֵĿһۣ˵ôˣ飬ҽԺӰܴܵʬ廹ɣ
·ңɫƮ͵˵һ䣬ڡ
ְƹǣ˾׼ͣʬȥҺ·ңһţʶĵǰһ·˻ˣְüͷһš˵Сңڸʲô
·ңû˵߼һŮ˾ͺһ䣬˵ǲܵʬֽŰɣ뿿ЩֶжΣŶûУ
˵ţȻתͷҿ˹·֣Ҳزˡ
Ůָң˵ʲôزصģ
Һ·ңһۣܸܵǶ·ҶҰ˿
ǼҲ⼸ҲˣŮֱӳ˵Сʵ㣬ǸղŽȥʲôˣ㽻
һ˵ţһͳϵ·ץһѾסǶ֣
Ȼ·ɫҲԱˣɻĿһӣȻˢľͰ·˿
Ҳ֪Щ˿ֳôģǿץֱϵĶ֣ͻȻͲ˵ˡ
·ңİְɫǳѵҪγѪһͻȻȻŭСң⵽ô£
·ңŲҿְ֣ûڣŮ˾ͺָ·ңֱ㻹ô£ʬֶˣҽԺȻɥ飡첻Ǹ˵ǾͰطˣ
һ£ļŮҲһӵϣҾͳ˹ȰҸסϾ˱ʬ飬ﶼûġ
·ң״˵ģʬʬˣǺòײܳģ
Ů˲һϵˮݺݵĵ·ң˵ʬ䣿㵱Сƭ
Ļû˵꣬ɫͻȻסˣ
һضͻȻſҵֱۣŮ˾һץ͹ϵķ
ڳһǽضֵĶֻץŮ˵ȻŬš
Ůɵ˰죬ͻȻɤӹŪҺ·ңæס䡣
ҿһܣֱϵ˶ŵò壬ǰһڵģȫ˵ĻƹϣӲ
Ұ·һ־ͳŮɨȥǿץĲ·ݺһ飬ʹӵϵڵϺҶţֱס·װ
ĳŮ˿һۣѾģ溿¡Ұ·һݣ˵Ҫȥ
ԾСһ˿вϵĺҲҪҲҪ
̾һҲ֪δض֪֡·ңְֺȻҿɫ͸ղȫͬǰĵƺĶжˡһ˿ϲɫ
˵λСңѣҴɣ
ֵģ˦һһҲûоֱܾӰ·˹ȥ
·ְзǳģҷǳѽ⣬Ҳֻ֪˵ʲôø˵ģ
·ңңʹһɫ˵߰ɡ
ҵͷҲûͱ˴к·ңְֵ䣬Ǿ˵ݣ뿪ط
ȵŹϣҲŰѸղŶ·ְֵɻ˵˳ѵǸģ
·ңҡҡͷһۣ˵ʲôƨأҰְǴˣʬԼ⣬ܸҽԺƲϵˡڹںǼ̸ء
룬ǣǰһ뻹µҪأһΪӰ죬˵Ҫˡ
˵ݣ·ңҪȥģ
˵ҵȥѡ
·ңͷû˵ʲôڸղŵ飬һ󲻽ı飬һ·ң;˵ʲôһᣬְѻȥ
һᣬű˳һæǰȥϲɴɫɷǳ԰ף˻ǻԲѣһֻϻŵΡ
ҷǳģ·ңһ䣬˵ô
Щ߳ҽЦһ£˵ãǱסˣһʱ䣬۲һ״
⻰΢һЩ
Ҹһ˲ֻһСᣬʿҪò˺úϢû취ֱ˳ȵĵϵȺš
·ңһֱûߣ˰죬ңղʬ嵽ô£
ҡҡͷ˵ҲЩ鲻Ԥϵġ
·ңô⻰˵ղͣʬ㻹˵һһ۵ģôͻȻ͸ĿˡҿǾˣɲƭҡ
ʲôʱˣ
·ңڳһ˵ģ˵ǹӲŰҪûңղ㻹֪ᱻʬôأ
ɫһ˵ղҪû㣬һᵽͣʬȥء⻰Ҳû˵ڣϾ׻Ϊ˽ҲŵþȡֻǶʬʵ˽ⲻࡣΨһܹ뵽ľǺҵѪйϵ֮⣬Ҹһ֪
·ңµģҼͷһģһ˫Ŀң˵̫˼ˡ
ȥЩ֪ԽԽáæת⣬˵ʲôʱԿѣ
·ңһᣬŵΣڹȥͺˣ״ȶСطҲûʲô̽ʱôϸ
ҵͷվɲڰտһᣬеҪȥһ¡
·ңǳԸڵӾͺƤҩһȥ͸׻˵ɱè˵ĺһͷۡ
˵Ͱһ£ҳȥѹûߡͷ֪ʲôҶ㡣


43
·ңһЦ˵ô˵ͽˡڻϤҽԺҵҲû飬СæǿԵģ˵㻰Щǵ߸ʮˣҪǲŪҳģ
˵İɣ֤˵
˵꣬ҳ￴һۣ˯úʵڣܾȡŷĵ뿪ҽԺ
Ҵ˳ֱȥĻĵأ쵽ҷصصλã˾ͣ˳Ұռĵһ󣬺òײҵҵĿշء
ʱҲʱúù۲һΧĻصûĹֻһѡײտҲһ»ȥ֮⣬ʲôҲûС
ЩڵϺ͹ײѪҺǳԣէ֮Щˡһʱ챻Լϻӵľһѹ
Щʪ󣬽Ų棬½ӡѪ꣬ҽԺǾʬ壬񵽵Ļǹƻнӡ¡
һܣȴֻҺӡӡ֮⣬Χûʲôĵط
ͷһ̽ҸӲˡѵѪ껹Լӹײ߳ˣ
ɻǣֻҺĽӡ֮ǰ˭ҴӹײųģĿԣڻ֮ǰЩҲûʹ򿪹ײĸǡļʷǳС
ûнӡѵĸķˣְҴӹײ˳
ҡҡͷ뷨Ӳˡ֮ڣ͵Ĺ֮⣬ûһ¡
ſڵϸţҪҳһ˿ȻԶһ΢ĽŲҶϣ֨֨µ졣
æӵվװ·ģ±˰ѵĵɵĹˡ
ҴӰóһ֧̣װӣѹĿ⳯Դȥ
Щҵ֦֮ȷʵһӰһۣĪľǸӰЩϤǵЩ֦棬Щ
ɻ󣬾ԼῴسϤеѾǳˡͻȻİˣͻȻܳһɻ
æһƬľԺ󣬿ԽԽ·ķ򣬾Ȼǳŷصض
ϴһ׺·ñӣúܸߣס˰ҿࡣ
ۿ߽صأͷһۣӺȻһ𣬻æܵײԱߣǸģͺʲôȴûӰһ
СĴӵϼһʯͷڱŵĴӹľԺ˳ϸĿŵϵѪͺҸղһûз֡
мʵ̫ɡ
ҽ˽ڱʯͷֻҪһԾ׼ȸһ¡
һĭںȵ˭
ˣһ£ת
ǿ˴˵ӣԼͬסˣصˣȻİְ֣
ʯͷžĵڵϣ˵壬ô
İְûлشһ£Ųȷʵ̷û°ɣ
ҡҡͷû˵оԽԽ졣
֮ǰģר̵ģҹһˣŪôأƽʱģȫͬȻ֪﷢ʲô顣
Ĭһ£ңؼҡ
Ҳ֪ôشҪ˵ڵᷢɡתһ־òԣ죬ӦҲȥҼլңôֵܵط
ҳһһ飬˵壬㵽ʲô
һ죬ƺҪԼڵ˰ΣͻȻ˵һ䣬̷ǶˣȻǸСʬġ
⻰˵úҶߣͺһһƬհס
ʵ⻰ʲô˼
ͻȻһ˵̷㲻װˣҪһҶṩˣԼĶӶó㵱ֻҪʬȥѵҲ
һ᲻ԼĻĬ˰죬Ļ룬˵ǣָЩʲôˣ쵱ȻұˡһУԤƺõģȻҲ֪Щʲô塣
⻰ģǡóĸ֣ζţڱûЩ飬ְֶһֻǳȥȻʰʬ壬û뵽ȻʧѪ࣬һû
ҳĬãŵ壬ղŵĻǿЦɡ
ŭңָоͺһƥǣĶԼһ
ΪҲ֪ײ飬ΪƾСԸ񣬻Сȥôʱ䲻Ųʣм䶼ţûңСôлֵطڹײģһǮģ
ͻȻһŭ⣬ֱ۾ҲԽԽ䣬Ȼ֪˻ᷢ飬֮ǰΪʲôֹǡĶӰ
ͻȻһ˵ûʸ˵ЩҪǲС죬ھͲֵطҪֻ֣ܹ̫ݣҶûˣҺ̷ҵĶԹһʹӴ˻Ƿˣ˵Сʬ壬ˣ
ҶҵһοİְֲȻŭӣһ㺦µĸоûУҲ֪ҼҺҾйʲôԹҵӡȻ˫ĸûʲôҺСô˾⣬ûֹ
ҺȻԼ춼ܿɱǼʲô֪ͺһȥ͵ȥģȵҪʱִ˴֡
Ҿһһٵ˵û
ҿһ£¶ŵı飬ƺеϲɫһܿĪĿ־֮С
һһģ״εĵܵģܵģСܻţ̷ƭң
˵㲻ŴԵҽԺȥȻûѣѾûΣˣ
ְַǳţƺطѾ˸ۣ˺˵Ųû˼ɻ䣬ʲô鶼ѿڶΪţЩ飬춼ˡ
û뵽컹ţָܻܿǰҲȥ뵱֪Լʲô飬ͺұʱһԼţ
İְԽԽţֻʵĿһۣ˵̷ղ˵ģǼٵĶ԰ɣСһˡ
˵ţ˹ָԶ֮⣬˵㿴㿴ҵĳǱߣȥİ
˳ָķ¿ȥԺʲô
ҸһͷͻȻ͸оͷһʹͿֲ֪ʲôʱҵڵϵʯͷͷϾһң
˵һ룬ʱ۷ڣֱȥ
İְֻģæѹҵϣ־ͳҲڵϺץţ֪˶ӲݡֻҸ˰ȴʲôûֻ˫ȥ֡
һһкţЪ˹˵ȥ̷ˣСʲô֪ˣ
ȱ͵Ϯһ£žͱôѾлˣǰƺԽԽģֻصڹײҪϢĸо
ʱְͻȻɿ֣ҵĽк˵Щʲôֱ治ܸоЩʧ룬ܿܿˡ
ڵϣź˵˼ǰʵ΢һЩͷϻ۵ѿһһֱʯͷеĵطѾˣ˲Ѫͷһ
Һò״ӵãȻĿһְۣûӰ


44
һΧֱ˷紵ҵ֮⣬һ㶯ҲûС
ְֲô׷Źң֮ǰĻ֮䣬ӦвҲ˽ĶԹҴͳӦʲôǷҼҵ顣ҶӵԸ
ͻȻֵӦûǺܰģԸ֪ԼһִٳЩ顣ְֻЩŤ֪ĶѪǰˡ
·˲ͷϵѪðѪͣ·ҲˣôȥҹԼñ·Ǯ
ͷϵʹվӣͷһܵĽӡְ뿪ʱǳңϵĽӡҲġ˲ٴΣƺӱʲô
˳ŵϵĽӡһ·ȥ˺ܳһξ룬ſǴ·֮ϣİְѾųԶԶˣٷǳ죬Ƶġ
Ǹģ뿪ǾǰЩӡͻȻˣĪĶųһһǳ츸׵Ľӡȥ
һӡլĸ¥￴ļһģһһ¥ϵĺӰǸˣѵһֱܶţ۲ҵһһ
ͷһòˣȻмҪδˣҿһӶû֪˭
ʲôû룬ŵϵĽӡ첽׷˳ȥ
Щӡǳ£һЩʪﻹܿˮա˳һ·˹ȥ֪ʹӻĵߵ˻ĵصıԵվ·ԣǰһᣬԶǴ·Щӡ·ߣһЩӡӣûʧˡ
ǳʧ䣬úòǺӰһ֪û׷ϡ
̾˿һǰ飬ͻȻðһֵͷʬ岻լ᲻ǱǸӰˣҪʬʲôô
һһ뵽Ӷˡֻþʹա
ǡʱֻóһǸİĺ롣
ҽͨԺ󣬵绰ͷ·ңƽѾˣȥҽԺ
ҡŶһ˵ְҪҳԷ¹Ǿʬ顣ұȥģΪԼʬҲû̫˽⣬Ǻһ·ңҲǲ٣ʲôĶšʵڲ˼ؾֻͬˡ
˵绰·ߵ˺һᣬг·
ѧˣ·Ѫĸû˾˵һҽԺĵַϳˡӸշãһͷһۣطǳѾڳˡżܿг˴߾
һղŵľܾһҸҪתͷͻȻ·ߵ߳һڣ¿ͣͷģ·߳ȻҿһۣȻתֳĵȥ
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һҪ˵ɺϵĻǴҶšǳĽӡԾµģæ˾һͣ
˾һ£Ҳȥ
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һ£˭֪ǾȻ·ƽˮͻȻһʯͷͻȻһȦһȦĲ


45
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ŴӾǰ뿪·һʱͷһۣȻǾӰķԭûжﻹ̲סë
ǴһᣬһǰƿһһŲ֣ܳѾں˸ʳ
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һһӣͰҰ·ңⳡŻˣҪǰңȴ׽קš
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·ңһԾŵĴУڱһţͬá
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ǵˢһ£ʹҺϻѪʱ˳ѾȾͨ졣ɢʧʶǰֻ·ңĴУ;ұһĲӡ


46
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·ңһֵңôˣ
Ҳ˲۽ǵĺʶ⾵ģ
·ң˵⾵ӴҳڼﰡкܶͷˡҰְżóһ£Żỵһ
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·ңȻһ¾ӣûֹջת׼ǰ
ûжȻվھǰֻǿŹֵľӣֽŷ룬ⲻһιװɣղſɱ֮ǰΣյĶ࣬Ҫ鰴չĻҿɾûˣ
иֵĵطǣû˯ţָоͺһӣǶ̶̵һ˲䣬Ϳδᷢһ
תͷתߡ·ңǰ˼վԭûжɻĻعͷ̷ôˣ߰
û˵ɿתšղʱ·һۣܵĻǴץҲס
תһ룬컹ҽԺأҪˣҵҽԺߣָʱͳʲô顣
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˵ҸоǳãһҪ飬ܰȥھתԺĵط
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˵߰ɣְֵء
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·ְһЦҲ˵⻰˵ĶԲԣܹеϲɫŨ
ǡʱҵ绰һҵͷһ·ңĶšҸյ㿪·ң˽ְЦһ˵ûˣһʵϰĻʿʱţǵò˲ˡ
ְֳһЦ˵û¾ͺá
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47
·ңܿƽǰʳûֳ̫
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װܶӣֱ˵壬ӣȻ˵ѾˣǾҿӵĲ̫壬ھӵѾܹȫѹסˡȥǻǸ
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ҼԼЩֲС˵ӰǵסĴʶˣΪ˵һ㣬ҪӣһѪӱȿһǿǲ֪ϼһŻǲš
Ȼϳһ˿ɻı飬һξ͹ô
æȴ˵ҪǱ˵Ѫһ趼ΪǾ˵ѪЧǲͬģһξ͹ˣҾ˵ûţѪЧŲʧȥ
˵󣬻Լ˸գҲЩ÷ˮôģ֮ǰһƣöҲҡһ¡һѪھϣûЧһܹ˵ˮʲôѾıˣ˵ʲôǿڼá
·ְֳһ£û˵˼ҵĻ룬ûףԸⳢһҵķûЧĻɱȡѪҲ١
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·ңһְֵۣĻΪЩɷģһͲʲôˡҿóЩţæЦһεľ棬˵ԭҹԺ󶼲ô˶ˣ·ƽʱ϶æĶ࣬Ҫúöġ
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֪˵ʲô϶ƶЩ˳ҲͲˡ
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·ְִӶóһСݸ˵̷Ǽʶһ¡
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Ҿĵӣ϶ҲšʱһһĹȥûκιļ
Ҽ亹ðˣæתǺЦţ˵ͳˣӵѾʼˣȹʱ䣬һжõġ
·ְ°ͣۿңĬ˰Σ˵̷ôоûʲô仯
εЦǲеģģ·壬͵˵ǰɣ϶ƱƵġ
һ˵ţһҪǰߣΧŵмҸӣ֪Ӹһ·ңְָסˣ˵̷ûƱɣⶫɲգﲻ̤ʵ㱣յֶΡ
ĵˣ϶Ȼôƭģһ䣬ǰͻȻͳץ˹ҼæһеСǰȵǱ𶯣
·ңİְֹһЦ˵СӾ˼Ҵۣ㻹̫˵㡣
ûţһСľײھϣҲû·
֪ʱ·ңͻȻһֻ־ʹһ׳Ժһңͬʱһ̷ܣ
ұ⼸Χм䣬ܵĻᣬ·ң״æסףʰ֣⵽Ҫʲô
·ְֽץס֣˵СңҿţϹ֣
·ңѳŵĳ˹ܹϽǵı顣ֻǶ̶̵һ˲䣬ݺȻһͣŵĴ󺰵̷Сģ
ҿǰ˻ûļ󣬵֪Ǽ˶·ңһʱԭءֽŶʼ¡Ҫȥ̬
ɻ󣬻ûӦʲô飬ͻȻоһоҶߴϼƤˣ
תͷһŷֲ֪ʲôʱֻ԰׵ִӾ˳ץҵļϣֵƤѾ˷׹ļϷǳ䣡
Ŀһ飬һͺˣϣһԴͷɢģһ˫նû۰׵۾ֱĶң


48
ڳƺŻˣ·ңϰֹҲû뵽飡
ֻоץҼϵֱۺȻһϣһûվȣһ
ƺû谭ҾȻֱӱŮ˾֮У
һæҪһ֧ѳ⾵̫ʵûзֵĵط
·ңһѳҪסңǻûߣҵһ¾ʹ˾ӣ
ǰ·һҳ۾ٶʱǵһղǸŮվǰǻҰ׵ɫң
ſӣѾЩˣ˷ɫ֮⣬û̫ວ˵ĵط
ϸ˵һûг
ŮòȻа˷ƣ
˵ˣŮĳҪԵòһЩ
ȴȻûӰһƬҰһжԵôģ
վԭزҶ˲һᣬȻ¶һ˿תͷһһţһ϶˽ܵĻʱıˡ
ҷ·վһϷһͨƽߣǰ˲ټҾߡһУǻɵģͺһϵӰһ
ǽ֮ϣһΪϲ񣬶ǽߵϣ˿ڷһղŵŮһԣĶһһֱߵĴڡ
ȳźͻȻһӰǸµˡ֣Ůæµ־ͣһۣôüġ
һ˽ӭ泯˹Ҹȴﴩ˹ȥûһۡ
ϸһᣬЩ˺񶼿Լһ㡣Ҳⷿκζ
߽ŮԱߣĬһᣬͻȻ̾һ˵·ҺҲˡ
Ů΢΢һ˰βƽ̾Ҳ̫ɥˣҲȰǼҺܶˣǳȥ᲻ӣʲô취
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ᲻õˣҪĻڵ˯֣Ȼȥģ
Ůû˵һᣬֿʼжǡ˵鶼ǳãƺЩҰ̾ʱ̧ͷ⿴һۣͻȻգǶʲô
һ֣֡˳˵Ŀ⿴˹ȥһͱСŮվ⣬̽ͷ￴
һУɵɵһЦ߽ӡ
ҿӣľȸԽǿ࣬üһģһֻԵһЩ
ֻ˽վߣ˵֣Ǳ·ˣҵӴء
ɻŮ裬ǰŵһһŮҵ⹫ˣҲ֪ھʲôҿľѵһûгǰͷ飿ǴԽˣɺ͹״һڵĴڸмǸ㣬ߵȫܺй
Ҳ⹫ŵ֣ΪҳǰȥˣôȥҲûʲôӡ
ò⹫˵Ļҡͷ̾һվ˵ҳȥ
û£Ҿһ޺ӳ˽
ϸһˣ߽һݾ͹⹫Ͽͷ˵ĸ磬ͷȱȾ½Ұɣ
󣬻Ҳ˽һҪСһЩ΢֣һˣ˾С˰Ӻڱھһˮ۵Сһ߽ӵˣҶʱЦˡ
ķݣԲôȡ˾ʱ·ңְ֣϶˵ĻҲȫǼٵģȷʵЩ
ڵϵ˲ϳ⹫ͷ⹫Ҳæȥǲôǲӵһѱһ˵ĸ磬Ҽ˶ˣ㿴ǸӿһѰɣ
˵꣬һߵĶӣԼһ¡ҿó·ңĸȻΥЩԸģֻװӶѡ
⹫Ҳַǣ˵Ѱ찡ǵطֻǷӣҲһġʼΪֻǷˮ⣬ǺҪһ£һڣû뵽ڳôͷǿǰҲ֪ʲôõģͺ˿һɷ̫أסǸô׽
޺һ⹫ô˵ǰŲֱס⹫ȣĸ磬ҲֵһҾôĸ磬±ӵţԣôȾҶӰ
⹫¶֮ɫ·ңְֿһۣһ̾˵ðɣȥ׼׼ҳԶţȥҵ㶫ûãҿɾͲܸ㱣֤ˡ
ͺץĵһһϲΪЦæĵл˵ʹæŶӻؼ׼ȥˡ
һߣæһӣ˵ͷҪʲôطȥˣ
ڵҪȥɽʲôɣһȥһز֪೤ʱ䣬жΣˡ
⹫µĺӣ̾һܹ˰Ҳֵðհɣ
һȻͲԸˣΪ˱˻Լȥĵ˼⹫Ѿ˵ʲô޷ˡ
ֻСվ棬ͷԵ˵֣ҪȥҲҴϰɣҲҿ۽硣
ͷһۣû˵˵ʲôҪȥ֮һ˳Ų֪жΣգȥԼ
С˲˵㣬ֶû˵ȥʲôأôô϶
ͷ̾˿˵ҪһҾͲʲôˣ˵Ĳ׵Ҫѹ·ȥΪϹϡ
С˻Ǻ⹫ģͷͲ˵ˡ
鶨ڶǾͳˡ
ֻоǰĳϱ仯·Щ飬Ǵŵļȡġһվ⣬ͱ⹫·ͷ뿪ŵӷǳģһʱ伸Բ¡Ҳ֪⹫ȥⳡһ֮ǽϵѾЩƾˡϣŸҪ˯£˽ŵ
æȥһ⹫·ͷվ⣬һϲ֪ʲôźڲ
ŵ˵ƣǽԺСĽϵĶ鶼ǳˡ
ԭΪ澵ӣǿһ״Щԡ
Ҳǳ죬ΧⶫһᣬҵĶʲô
⹫ЦЦ·ͷʹ˸߲ҵĵɩ㲻֪ĸǸʲôСߡ
ľž˵ɽ˺Щطûʲô⹫˸ʲôӣС·òײҵһĹһգ
˵ú֣С˺ҲһᣬС˾ͺ񻰹һԣûʲô飬Եóصöࡣ
Сֿ죬˵꣬ͰѺڲƿһһ΢ЩõĹײġŵƹ⣬⣬ǰɫ
Ҳ֪ǲʲôζڲһƣ˶æѱ賯濴һۣıˣӱǼ߳˵ƺǡѪס֡


49
·ͷϾͿͷ˵ԵĶԵģǽ֣ǴֶŮмʶЩС˵ģǲ֪ǸʱиСЩ˼ǲסʱԼӶɱᣬЩŮһϵڹײǰɱ˷Ѫȥ֪˶ٺˣ֮ڹײĶѪˡ˾ڹײҪɻǳħģŹֵĵã
ûнӻԿԿıЩأһᣬų⹫ʵ֣ⶫҪǴãǼҲŵùİɡ
⹫İɣҿ϶ƺòġ
ô˵ңüͷ΢΢ɿһЩû˵
ڶһ磬ʱ򣬾һôȥһ⹫ԺǿڹײĲ𿪣Щøľ壬һһš
ҺúÿһײĵľͷԺ涼ǰɫЩˡ
Ҳ⹫ڹĵʲôûŪã·ͷˣָ˰һܴľӡ
ŷӦԭǾɷȫھ棬Ѫɵľ
Ҳһᣬһ֣Ҫײĵɷѹھɾ飿
ͷһ濴ľͷһǰײĵɷ·Ҫǿö࣬ѹƽһЩȻкġ
ЩɫҲûмȰ衣
һʱ䣬Ž⾵Ūã⹫滭˺ܶණͺһʼΪװεĻһڲʶЩķġ
ֻĻ̫ӣͺµĺһѾԭӣЩÿ
ŪãڼԺз죬⹫˵Ҫ̫ɹһ£ɢһЩа·ߣڼլ
ӻϲصˣ⹫ͺͲһϹ˺컨Ե÷ǳ¡أСһԿţЩٶЩ⣬裬˵㣬ⶫǼܹã
迴һۣ˵ĻһõģǼҵ˵Ӵ˾ͱˣƸȱ
Сһ۷Ź⣬˵ôǰôԼһװױͷ
һۣ˵Ϊô򵥵飬ǼԺĲƸЩȥ˵ģҪԸҲԸŪһ
Сһ˦һۣͲ˵ˡ
ⱾǼ£⹫վھǰ·ͷ죬ŹƼûʲôⷢҲ˲١Ҳǳֺǣֻ·ңְ֣һ˺Χžת濴ֿ
·ͷ˵Ŷһл⹫ǣӺһһллˣ
֪ӿôˣֳȥû·ͷĽֻȱ־ǰһѡ
һɾͳˣ
⹫ģЩƽĵط·ңֱһպþһСḷָ̌ʱ̳ѪȻֻССһ㣬⹫Ͼͱˣ
ֻǵѪһ±ľͷ֮УȻһ·ʲôҪѳһ
ڳ˶һֻ·ңֻɵվھǰ㶷֪ʲô¡
ֻǾӺȻͻȻˢһ£ֻ֣߰·ңְץ˹ȥ
ŵȶˣܵûУֱͦͦվЩץ⹫һһѱʺɰ
軹û˵꣬տͻæܽ
·ңֱǼֻһץžͳȥ⹫æǰҪгû뵽һʮֻ˳һץסֽţҪ뾵ȥ
ҿˣǵôУҲȥæһԼЩҲ֪Ǻá
ǡʱһֶɰһëʣЩץס·ңֵһֻࡱһͺ̿ˮЩֱմɰĵطʱ·𱻸ʴһ㣬һһ㰼ȥ¶ƤµѪ׹ǣ
һ˲䣬ҷ·һҽУΪͺмʮŮһ޺һ㣬ǳˡ
⹫Ҳ˲ôֽ࣬ӹıʣЩסԼϻһᣬЩƺʹæ˾֮С
⹫ѳɫʮѿæһɫû˿и
·ңİְڵڵϣֵ֮ϣ·ŵò塣
æס⹫æû°ɣ
⹫ҡҡͷ۾סӣһ仰Ҳû˵
·ͷҲŵĻ񣬹үүͽ˵ĸô°ⶫ̫ˣôûؼȥ
⹫ķҪںֹͻȻһĽûӦͿһ޴ӰӴӾ˳
һ£ͰŰڵأ
ҴûֶΪԹˣҲŵòᡣ
Ĺ֣ҿȫһ⣡ܴ󣬺ܷʵһţÿһ֣Ů˵٣۾һֻһֻöãȻĿ档ҲţһĴ󺰴СֵûнţȴֱۣͺһɲĻһڵϣֳӣаزھ
űѹ£ŵôҪ˼Σû⹫鼱֮£еɰȫǹϣ
ʱǲҽӴ̶ˡǹڵŤţűѹ͸Ѿɫţһֱȥһǳ٣ûи˷Ӧʱ䣡
µֽץŵӣգ˾ͱϵ˾
⹫˾ʧҪȣûиǻᣬһ뾵УеĴжʱˣñѾûͺҸձ뾵ʱһ
ǹץڻҪȥķǹǰʱεֻž֮⣬⹫ǾŵĴţƺҪһ
ǹֱ΢΢ɿѳһ棬Ȼƺһ˾УõĳȴԼһ˲ȻףԼӵʱ򣬾Ѿˣ
⹫˫ɺ죬Ĵţ澵ûа취Ҳ۾̲ס
һлûĹƺȥ֮ϵĶˣûгɣһ¾ʹӾ˳ȥƷڵءϵַ׷ڵϣٳȥ
ֻ·ӾŵĽкС˵ľ˵ˣ
⹫ŭģҲٹ澵ӣ׷žͳ˳ȥֻһſھǰᡣ
ҳճտźֻ֮ôһ㲣ȴ˹Դᡭ
ǰĳˣָֻ֮ǰһƬɫĻ״̬Ҳ֪֮澵ô·ҵģҲ֪ǾӳȥԺôˣҸղſ飬֮ǰС˵˵Ӧ֮žͳµľ飬⹫һҾͿʼûˣͺ˵һãҲҪŵù
ҺȻЩ⹫ǻȻС˸ҵģڵңޱͬϣСԺһţҪԽ˹Ľޡ
˹Լ磬һԽ¶ģֻֻѡͺڵһһԼͶ̫̫˭ûдֻӹ


50
ֳһʼվڻɵŵĹһԣ·һһҲ֪ҪЩʲô˰죬̽ԵĽһûκηӦ·ҵһ㡣
棬ѵûʱһھ˶ʮꣿ
޿κΣղſһԭŵתͷž⿴һۣһͺһ޴ĵĻĿ淢
֮⣬ǼƺղŵһĻˣԶԶĶ㿪˭ǰһɱԽʲôǶ£ֵˣ̲ס﷢
·ңһֱעţȻҾ˸׵ɫǳüͷšţ·Ҫγˮ
·ңĵģĬĬעţҵĿһ𣬾鶼Щˣϧҡ
ô˺ܳʱ䣬·ң׻ع˵ǽˣǰҲġ
ǳȷ룬֮ǰƺΪֻҪҵѪûʶᷢڵ顣ı鿴ƺҲǳģΪǸȫֵĹӾܳȥһҵǷǳϲĳ棬Ŵȥˣ϶ܰ·ҽ췭ظ
ҿһۣȴûĶôվţž֮һС
֮⣬·ңְֵĻüһתͷʵģ⻰ʲô˼˵ǰҲ˱뵽⾵֮ȥ
׿˵СңţΪǼܹɻڴԺ⾵ӰְֻҪ㣬Ҫúػⶫҵ飬̷ҲǼѪˣԺҪӾӵɷҲˡ
·ңûЩϣֺһ飬˵֣ǲǰҲ˱˽ȥ
ְһ£˵еģ̷š
·ңɫһŵı飬Ĭ˰Σŵһ䣬ǸˡӾûУ
ְҡҡͷ˵ҲھˣҪǳˣ⾵ӵɷɾͱˣôˡ
·ңôһ룬ͻȻסͣһ˫۾úܴܴ˵ġ̷ˣ
·ңְɫһЦ˵Сңô˵˭Һ̷ˣ˭û֤֤飬ͱˣ̷ʧ˿ڶѣ˭ҵõʬ塭
׵Ļû˵꣬ͻȻǡžһ·ңһֱӴְϣôһ룬˶סˡ
·ңԾԼ֣·û뵽ԼȻôȻִԼһơ
·ְִһᣬҼɫһ䣬ŭ־ͳ·ңϻ˹·ң˸ʵʵһᣬֱӵڵϡ
ְֵ˵Сң²Ϊڻᣬжڰ㻹֪ģҲΪԺǣ
·ңҿ߲һ£֪ûгѪҪǿֻ࣬Ǿɵھǰޱ飬ûпޣҲû˵һ仰ﲻ֪ڴʲô⡣
·ң׼̾һҲûٶ˵ʲôҡҡͷҲô澵ӵע⣬ҪǾˣľˣ̷Ҳɢģúɣ
˵꣬һ֣˸棬ת뿪ˡ
ʱûһվھǰְ濴·ңͷŵ棬˺ܾá
ȻȻվ˾һۣתӾǰ뿪ˡ
ΪˣǲһӣȻת˻һӣӿһۣȻ˵̷ѧҽҲΪ˾˵ģⶫŲ֪ˣ̷͵һɣǸûܾ㡣Բˣ
˵꣬ĵӸ߾־Ҫ⾵Ҹ飡
һ¿ɰŻˣȻҲ֪·ңְǻǼ٣Ȼ飬ǿ϶ǲܳʲôģſ϶Ҳᱻʮꡣ⾵Ҫ汻·ңˣĻһϣˣ
漱ĳ·ң󺰣ҵеĵѾۿžӾҪˣ
תȻоһƣһվȣֱӳžӵ˹ȥһ£ͻȻִ͸ӣǰľʱ֮С·ңûϵһͻȻ֣һеĵѾղȥˡ
ҵͷոմӾǵӲƫУһԴ֮ϣҾͷϿ϶ˣ˵һ»ҳһ͵ڵϡ
·ңҲŵˣӳԱһŵĽҵ֡
ҴӵΪһӣ϶ͷʹѣû뵽ҾȻһоûС
·ңɫǳţ㿪ڰο䣬˵ˣû¡
žͿ˹ȥھǰ˵̷ôˣɲҪҰ
֣֪ʲôأǵתͷһ˾ɵˣ
ҿ·ңǰһң
ǸҡɫǳҰףͷѪ۽ţĵ·ң
ҼԼ۾ȥƿ·ңġҡ˵
û뵽ǣҵ־ȻֱӴǸһﴩȥˣûиоκ谭
վһԣһƬհףôã·ңšҡ弱æȥˣжǳѣ·ŵʮֳء
Ҵһᣬо·˴ͷһˮȫûа취
תͷžӿһۣ־ûд͸⾵棬һܹŵӰӣǾһң
һԼվȵûС·ңѾšҡԶˣӰʧҵ
Ƶ߳˴ţһ·ǰʲôϰҶûܵκʱҲʶ
ǹˣ


51
Ҳ֪Լô뿪·ҵģججһ·֪Լʲôط
ɲԼڵ״ԼӣһЩУƽʱĸоûʲôͬ
ǲԸʵô飬ұסл긽ҶɾǸոôһ֮ǰȫȵһĻȴˣ
ڽϣû˿õңЩ˴ﴩȥ᲻ӣͺұЩ͸ʱһ
Ŀĵǰţ֪ȥδ˵Ժйĺڰ޳ظҾһˣһܹ˵˶ڡ
𶡶֪ʱǲҲָож󣬵ûһԼĵطжˣȴоԼ޹ء
뵽ҺȻҪլȥû׼ڴҶǹˣȻ֪᲻ỹﶺ˵׼ܼ
ͷúܹ֣Ϊ֮ǰȥʱûпӰӣʬ壬꣬ҶûмΪһʱܲ˵ִ̼ܾΨһܹ뵽ĵطҲΨһܹϣĵطˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãܾýûҿլʱѾˡ
Ͻϣƽʱͷǳ壬ڸûʲôӰˡܳһξŻһյ·ƣм䶼Ǵδεĺڰżһ󹷽еҹЩˡ
תһ룬ӦûŻ˲ŶԣԼˣʲôµģ
ҳլȥһᣬȻЩԾĵطһƣſլﾹȻŵƹ⣬Ȼǹǳ谵ȷʵǴӼճɣ
һüôˣ
תһ룬Զ˲ˣʶľÿܻǶͺһû׼ͻ
ҿ첽ȥЩΣͺ˺ܾãҵһԼĹ鴦һ
ǵǰҪǽһܣȴײ˸ۡ
ҳʹסӣۿĶЩǣǰ˺һᣬ֪Ҳǻ۵ģǰлǵĲҽһֱܺ⣬ڶûˡ
վǽڣǽӲģĶҴҲʲôԭ򣬵پÿܸйϵ֪ʱǲǸŪʲôĶ
ֻŽȥһƿûüȥ￴һۣͺˡ
ŶûпӣͿԺ
ҿŵһ˲䣬ʱҿ֦ⲻϵط賤ɶŤʱ֦ð˳Ť
ⳡϴκͶһ𿴵ʱк˰ٱϴλûܵʲôӰ죬ڵȫͬЩ֦賤һξ룬ͺһվſڵҾ;˹
ƣһǧԲܵĸоҿܶˣ
֦ͺԼʶһžһ£ͳҵؿڡ۵ȥ˵װģҾɵİ¸ˣ
֦׷׳Ϯͺһӣ͸ĿЩ֦ϵһһŹ˵ЦݣҵĿ⣬·ͺ񿴵ܹ̲ʳһ
һ£ʱͱ֦סſͣһһ˺ҧϵ⣬۵ͷ󺹣ֳЩ׻ȥһȭԼоۣ
Щײ֮ǰȥûѪ⣬ڵĴз·ʬһ㣬ЩӲôǾǲɿڣͺҪȥС
۵ôУ˶֦һһƹȥ
ͻȻмѿˣڵһƬʲôҲǸҵĸоͺһŸ죬֦ݣðҵʳһȥ
ҼľˣҸǶ֣֦ϵҲһ쳣˷ܣҧϵƤⶼ
ҳ￴һۣ˵ֻǿ˭鼱֮£ֻܳܳһ£
ƾҺң˶·ҵҾԼⱲˣô׵˲˵˹Ҫʳ֪ұȥ֮󣬻᲻ҲΪ֦ϵһÿ˰ֻܵйȻһһڵĲʳ
ȻûԹζ϶ã㳹ʧҲãҲԸΪĿܣ
ֽŶţӻϱҧһݣʲôҲ˲ˣͳҧ˹ȥڶһɸζŪҲˣֻǿסҪ֦ҧϣ
ʵͽͣΪҸûʲôʱˣղҪһСľм˾Ѿ͵ɵѿ֮ϣ֦ţӲ
ʱҼѾˣҲ֪ǲʲôһɢķԱҿԾʹɢøӹϡǾ֪ҲѾˣ
ұ۾űȥʱҪôۣʱҺȻﴫһ
ҷǳϤӦòãСˣ
ǵ־æڴ󺰵Сҡ
򿪷ţ̽һͷɻĳһۡ
Ҳϵĳ֣еĽҲûͣС˵Ե÷ǳֱַǳĸо
ûĿһתԺﻷһܣû״˳֮£ŹֵĶ
Һľ벻һףұǰҪȥקɾǲôһ㹻ǵֻܼкæ
С˵ķӦǳ֣ûпңֻһȦ˼ʲôô̶̵ļӣȻһ˵ûйϹʲô
˵꣬Ȼ̧ųһᣬҾͿ֮£߱ĽŴ⻹Ƕ֮ǰĶ
СóǺһ㣬ͷˢһΧķ״
ǰһ׺ģһ𣬶ʱһʣЩ賤֦ʱ˻ȥҲʱڡ
ϵͻȻɿֱӴӿеˤڵϣ۵ܣһôСҲסˡ
ӵЩҧӣûãȻиԭļҷǳο
תС˴к֪ȴңֱӾͳȥ뿪ַæȥһѣ˭֪ҾȻҲϴȥˡ
ҿС˴˸飬ͻȻͷһ˵˭
һ⻰оǳԣѵңСܹعˣܳ
̽Ե֣ǰһΣðƵȥ۾Сһ㷴ӦûУƺĿҡ
Ҳ֪ϲǱȫ벻ڵ״


52
Сɻĳܿһۣ۶Ҳңޱȡüͷһ£漴һƮƿ߽
æ󣬳ŷŻδҲ˽ȥ
Сһﲻǰϵϵ͹յú滹ڷһƿ׾ƣóǰҲ֪ԼʲôãֻҲһԵĵ¡
һֱûжֻϵµӡżٱһڣ˳˼Ҳô͵סӣһʵܲˣ̽ԵĽһȻ֮ǰ;þңһҪһԡ
С˻ûзӦĵ׷²һ£ҸԵʣҲոձɹԾС۵ˣҲδܹ
ҲôȥҪƱҼæǰ棬ϵľƱһƣ˳ƾ͵˵ϡ
ֻчRһƱӦѡСһ£Լȵ̫࣬۾ˣ˵ϵľƱƬһۣ̾˿ҡҡͷ漴ֳϵİ׾ץ˹
ע⵽ҵĴڣլ֮ڣƺж֮ǰҴ͸ҼܹƷ
Ҽǰķáæϵİ׾ƿңƿӦøڿвŶԡ
һС˳žƿһۣһ۾ٶȻͻȻһ飬һģŵӵ˵ϡ
һѹˣûüӵָžƿͺ˭˭
ҿЩ£־ͰƿеľƸ˳һһ㣬Щˮд
СϵּӺȻһ𣬿оȵĺһ̷
Щ㣬Žƿ·ϣãȻĳƺȷʲôطһ߿յĵطɨ˼ۡ
С˽ŵƽһֱ̱ϡ˵̷ӣѵ𡭡
ҡšһȻŷӦҵôˮдֻӦ˭֪Ȼ¶һ˿ʹɫǽž⣬Ҫȴǰʱ򼤶öࡣ
ɫһ࣬ĵô˵ģ
һ棬֣뵽лǡСƺ֪ܶ飬ӣû취ǰٸнǵд֣Чʵ̫ͣ
֪С˺ȻһЦһ˵ˡĺã
һ㶣ղŵȫѹȥϾʱԼΨһ˵ֻﻹǷǳ
С˺ٺɵЦţͻȻùƿһİ׾ƣȥϵЦŨˣ˵СˣǾû취ˣүһڡ
һ˵꣬еľƳŵϵһЩǺɵЦһЦЦͳˡ
ҴûҲһ棬ӿһů⣬ԭǰƿƺȥҲȵüˣѾ⡣ҡҡƿӣѾˣһ˦ƿžһײǽϣˤ÷顣
ȻִӰͳһƿŪԺԼûźȣȳ߸߾ɵЦţ󺰵㰡ˣⱲӶȲˣᡭһᣡȻûסСôǡ㣡ҾСȾһ
˵ţͷƣһ
ҿģﲻ֪ʲôζǸոĸ֣˵ѵôΪ˸һʸܹ󲻱лǾ
Ȼ̫ףоž˼ҳ濴һۣǰʱĳҴżҲŽҵ˺һᣬǽڵķɽţķû˭Ŷĺۼ
ĵһʧ䣬Ҫ£С˺Ȼһ顣ɫѾͨˣʣҪվǳѣŬ֧ӣڵķûĿĵĿţмС㲻ܴղǵС󷨣ֻŰСʱѡߣȻˣ
˵꣬ײײľͳűȥ֨ѽһֱӽŴ򿪡
ҿԺǿŹͺͺĴ֪׺Ļκξµĸо
ﻹкܶҪСʸʱ䣬ѾˡղŲ㱻Եĳ棬̲סëȻ
΢ԥһᣬҲž뿪С˵飬ԺлᣬҪǱˣҿɾȫˣ
ҿСһۣȫһڰҳˣҾ㲻ߣҲûоҡ
ҼæܳԺӣоǳãΨһϼҵĵطҪԺûлڽԺ뿪֮治֪Լȥ
ƿţͷһۣС˹ƿҿŵĶһֱӵǮ˯˹ȥ
ҴԺռŵĽֵ֪ıߡ
˼ţȻһ⣬һ¾ͽ·յ÷ԵĽﶼһɫ
ɻĻعͷȥŵûɢ
һŷǳ޴˻Ҫ޴Ŵ죬۾ԵĿУƯһɫĹ𡣾ôͳһھܰҸȥ
ܣʶı۾ֽŶѾˡ
ۿҾҪһȥǧһʱȻˢһ¾ͣסˣ
۾ŷҺľ벻סܹŵʺеζѬò³
ͻȻͣ£һƾһ㣬ͻȻΪʲôͣˣ
Ҵ㶯⻰Ĳѣȫ˼ţһ˵ӹ
Ǻд֣Źͽ˵ֱײİɣͰˣ
Ǿ޴Ĺššֻ۾ǰһתһȦ˵û
˺˵ôûУ
⻰һ䣬ҾͿҶȻˡһTţп˴˳ͺҲ
ҿģǳ֣΢΢ƿӣǰһƣʶ⾹Ȼһųž޴ĳӣǶǳţҿ⾰󣬸о·һ£۶ˡ
˹Լһۣ˵ԭ꣬ôֵط


53
ľګ˵Ǽһ澰ˡ
Ȼűϵլһۣ˵㲻Ǵİɣ
ãȻĵ˵ͷû˵
¶ȵı飬˵Թԣ㵨ӿɹģÿδĵģ㾹Ȼܵȥûˣá
һһ˼ı飬ûж⣬Ҹ⣬ո˵ģʲô
ɻһۣ˵㲻֪
ҡҡͷ˵ԼãЩ˽ⲻࡣ
֪⻰һڣͻȻЦ˵ʲôã㻹أ
˵һ˰죬³˵ҡû
ֱǰͷ˵԰ν갡˻ţ˳λһεˡӦǹҲ˵
ȻϲҪûĻǲǻлĻ᣿
ϲͺϾһæס˵һ
ĵĿһۣ˵õҰһ꣬ͺˡ
˵ţü΢˫ֵҿӣҲʲô϶ʲôģҲ֪ƮˣҪ岻ˣֻҪһɾˡ
һ£ҵڴӾԺ󣬾ͱ·ңˣƿûжҽԺȥˡ
ҵĻǱ߿϶Ҳѹģû׼ھͺһֲһҽԺ֪·ңô
ＱȣæһлתͷҪߡ
˭֪˽һ˵㼱ʲôϳȥ
ʵڲܰ޴Ĺͳϵһ΢΢ԥһ£ûڴӦǹüͷĸˣתͷֻб۾Ǹˣ˵Сͷҿһˣ갡
˱ѾߵϣͻȻĶ䣬۵ɫ䣬ӿֲŪžġ
ŷſ֣˵װʲôأʲôȣ
棬С˿Ѿ㹻֣ңҺͿʲôﶼҪ˹ӰΪС˵ǵԭȻڲҪйֶҵĻһʲôлһ
˼ҷ㶣Һһ˵߲߰ǻء
ҵͷæȥдĹߣܱԼڳϹҪõö࣬ǳȣֻЩ
ǹĶ˽ȥվſںȻҶˡ
ŷ⳵ʵͦģ߻һλ֮⣬Ȼ߰˸ߣûκһ⵽ңҶһ
תͷһֿۣ꣬Цһ˵ô°ںûʲôʲôµġ
ЩΣҡͷ˵ûУֻһʱӦˡ
˵Ҳ˽ȥǶһĳŸұҸط£һ뻹ˣվߣЩȫС
˿˿ңҲû˵ʲôֻʣˣʲô֣أ
ҰָŲ²·ңҵԸȻҲôȷʶľӦôǸطŶԡʵڲУڻ·ңļ￴
˼·̧ͷǹһ桰Ŷһ䣬ˢһ¾ͳǰ˳ȥ
ҶⶫЩ棬ֱֲӿڴֻ̽ʵոպ˵ԼҲɣѵ㲻ԼˣԶ
ӹ۾˳ȥ濴ͺǳĴһۣ˵ʲôµģұǸЩģһ˵ˣҵһֱߣû
ҳųŬһ죬ҲŷЩӰ֮󣬻һˣһһ˯һϴ·Ҳһ
ɺǶСǣҲûôѹĺּ˼֣һ䣬ǲ֪ô顣
·𿴴ҵ˼˵ôʲôеģȻϲ˿̫ãҲҪ̫ˡ
æһУҲ׽ģ
һ£˵ʶ׽ʦҺǲͬҲ׽͹
ŸоͦʵģĿǰΪֹû˵
˸˵͹ɣ㲻˽⣬Ƶ˵϶ġ
ʲô
аһЦ˵ʬ
һȻ򣬶ڸʬ˵ǸŲŲСףҲжŵģƺǱߴü࣬ʱҲʱܹЩڸʬ˵һʱҲȥ
ʬʵǹʱʬͻعһеڿƼѾˣҲˡڶ̸һĻ֡
ֿ˳ϵĹһۣһ£˵˼ЩˡǣЩؼң
˵ͷЦŨ˼֣˵ӿɽҲЩ˰ɣ磬ŹҲȥ·Ȼ͵ÿȴ󱯵ˡϳȻͻȥȻ㣬Ҳ֮һɡ
˵ţĳ໽䡣ааһЦ˵ǣйĿֲʵͦģǻؼҵ·ϣΪɥԺڳϱɵĹ֡רλؼҵġ
ҿ㿪۽磬õΪֹĹֶвͬɫɫиص㡣
ҲЦЦ˵ʬ˿бܻģǻȥܲһ㱨궼ûаɡ
˵ǣҪȻһôҲҪǵĶ˻ҵġ
ҿû˵֪漰˵˽Ҳöʡ
ͨղŵĽ̸ҺȻ뵽Сʱ򿴵Ĺһ˾磬˼Ϊ統Щ˵飬Ȼϣȥ͹ֲҪԼĸ
Ҳ˿һƵǲйʲôģҾͲˡ
ǻû˵仰Ѿ߹˴سǣٶǷǳ죬ҪǼʻԱָöءûһᣬͻȻ˵һͣϵйһεҪæסϵΣҲɳȥ
˺òסӣֵ˳һѣ˵ʲô˺òã
˵꣬̽ͷ۾⿴һۣȻһ˵ҽԺˣ
һ⻰ЩˣƿĶ䣬ֱȥɲ̧ͷһ·ңҵҽԺǳһңģԵҪСܶࡣ
ҲʼɫǳݣͷһᣬɫȻһ䣬˵ԹԣҽԺʲô
ŴҲȣҸղžǱϢһû˵һֱͣˣ
̧ͷҽԺһۣоʲôĶ
˶˵㻹ϤЩɷϢоģҽԺɺܿµϢ
һ£ֵĹҼöˣǻûйָо̲סҪһɳȥɱܵ־úܿ¡
һ䣬ҷȻֳϵλ궼վӣҪҽԺȥ
ҳһѣճҽԺ¥ϣһ²͵ľѹһã˵ж
˵꣬ҾͳܣƺҪһ㡣һ⻰ͻȻֻȻĸо˵ǹϢ϶Ѫ꣬·ң֪ײŹңΪҵİȫ϶͵ҽԺˣ
ҳҽԺ¥һ¥ֻŵƣʵ̲סתҪҽԺܹȥ
Ǹһ־Щԣոƺ˵ֲֿϢɣ
Ѫ꣬ʲô


54
æͣ½ŲתһǶѾ˹˳Һţ˵㻹ŸϳȻ
վԭûжԥѣҿ϶ȥҪѪҵҲ϶⡣ǲȷⶰ¥ϻʲô
æʣһϢʲô
ڵ¥һۣ˵Ҳ֪ӦǸĹǲȥǵģ
һ⻰ҺȻһҪֻǸĻܽȥӦû⣬ϾڲǹֲҵмȻ֪Ϊʲôܹõң²ͬΪԭ
Ҷһл˵ߣҪȥ
һ£ŵĿң˵ȥ
ҡҡͷ˵İɣû¡
˵꣬׼뿪ŷӦһ֪֣Ͼ˰һԺлĻܵûرһ¡
ҳһ˾̾˵ͽСˣƽˮ꣬ҲûмĻˡ
ҡŶһ˵ǿɲһ
ŽĶϣгŹһ֪⳵ȻûжҼɫŤͷ˳ŹһۣŷŹ۾ֱˣֱ¥ϡ
Сһ˵㷢ʲô˵꣬͵ĳųһģʹ໵ĽһĿŴҽԺ¥˻
⻹ǵһοѪԹֵӰ죬ԭôԶľ룬ܹŵǵ˼άҪСһƣƹֱӾͳ嵽ҽԺȥˣ
Сڳϳҿһۣ˸صȻһĹһ¾Զˡ
Ҽ뿪ֻʣһˣӿҽԺ¥Ͽһۣ㷲ȥ
ұһ룬Ȼ꣬Ҳˣ֪᲻ӵһЩͺ񱻷ͷһʱͷܷء
뵽Щ̽Եĺһɣ
һվڵûжһûҪһЩ߽¥֮ڣʱҽԺѾˣЩյ֮ǰСĻٻЩ¡
ҿǵſţ˽ȥȥ֮ŷԼֻܿһû뵽ұ˹¥Ҫ¥ݡ
Ҹ뿪ͻȻһִֻҺ˳ǵһ
һԭزҶˢһ¹ˣ
ҽʱ򣬵һ˶ûУʲôˣ
ҲתͷȥһͷͿʲôֲĻ棬ֻ΢΢ƶӣűŲŲȻߵܹĵطСĵĿһۡ
֪ʲôʱһŮˣϴŲ˵·һѪܵģһֻﻹһƴ˶ٵӤۿţǳ
һǸиģĲٹиǼΪѲĹܾ֡СоǹɿֲϢԴͷˡ
ŮһԹĳſš﷢ëתһ룬Ҳǹοܻңʲôµģ
һ룬ҶЩȻˡһۣûзӦŷһЩ
ϸһᣬڻӤû۾ѪܵģֽҶ֮⣬ûʲôжϵĿҲ²Ů˿ѲġҺһҪݣҲǸɵ
кȻһͷҵѪҽԺĸŮӦҲᱻֻҪĺ棬Ӧþҵҵ塣
⣬ֻһᣬˢһ¾ʹˡ
Ů˳ȥæһ·±ײϡ
̧ͷһۣѾ˰¥ӦǲŶԡ
Ҹ˳ȥƺԼĿĵһͷҲصĳ˹ȥ
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ҶʱŵòҶ˫ûи۾һǽڣһҲҷ
һΪˣǵһᣬŷֻķš˿ĭСĳ˼ȷĿûиһ
һֱڣƺܹĶǳ棬СĵŲ²ӣͷǽһ̽Ҫ
һ￪ĵòˡֻǸֻһŲҵڴϣϲܡ·ңҲһڴߵĵϣһֳԴƺ̫ۣ˯ˡ
ۿ뵽Լܻ֮ǰĿ־жȫԺˣæݵһ´ǽڣƽ˲֮УС˵һꡣ̾͸оһɺʵдȫůģоͺ˯һ˵
ҿһ۾΢΢һ£·ңû˯죬о̾˹
Ҽ۾˯Ȼ̧ͷһ۵ŵҩˮʣһ룬̾˿ֳ˹۾һ㶣Ȼ󾹺ĵ˵۷Ứһ¾ϣ˵̷ˣˣԲҰְ־Ȼ顣
ǿһ£ЩӲ̫ãһֱûлԵʣҸҪЦһ·ң˵ûˣõġ
ǻû˵ڣҾͻȻһͷҵԴﴩ˽ˢһתһ˫۾ֱ·ңң
һæǰοĻѹȥ־ͰЩͷ
·ң״һ£ͺ˵̷ʲô
ҹ˲ϻشæӴŷϵǸԴ·ң˸Ķ·ңɻĿһۣ۾һתȻ׹һҲˣվֿܿвסңأֿʲôˣ
ҸоԼͷˣѾͷҪģŮ˴̼һӺһ¾ʹ˽Һ·ңľ벻Ĳ
æ·ңԼ󣬿һܣҲûʲôõĶֻܰҩˮƿŮ󺰵Ҹ˵ȻҾ˰
ŮͲңһһĳ˹·ңˣ˶ǽˡһûа취־Ͱҩƿ˳ȥͬʱһ·ңŴһܵ˴Ķ档
ҩƿûʲôãǸŮֱӴﴩ˹ȥǽˤ÷顣
ǳѷóյҺ·ңҲûԥֱӾͳ˳ȥ
Һ·ңʲô˲ϣǼ·ܣſڣֲ水ţ٣˺
·ңܵؿڲϴϢţһ£˵̷ֿʲôˣôһӾô̫ƽأ
תͷһۣտյģŮû׷ŷһЩ˵ҲǸиɣѲӡ
·ңһһ£ѿڵ


55
ƺ֪ʲôһ¡·ң˵ҽԺҽ¹ʰɣҿ϶Ҳţҽԭ򣬱ܰѺģŪһʬڼҽԺ˾ء
һǺģԹƱһĹҪصöࡣﻹȥǣֻ뿪ط
ǡʱſˣҳһ·ңҪȥȻһСĿӵﴫ
ҵĽŲһͣȫ򿪣̾ͿǸŮվ棬ź䶢ǡγֵʵ̫ͻȻûз汻һĶӺ˳
ת·ң¥ܣݺݵһ˲ƶղŻëĵݰ
·ңûӸղŵ״عͱһų¥ȥҿЩԲˣŷŻһٶȡ
һ·ңסֲԸ⶯ˣŴ˵⵽û갡ұҵԺûôܹˣƻûôԼˣ
ҺǸŮ׷ͻȻܣｹѣæȥȰ
·ңˣ˵ǲԽԽ治֪ôźá
·ңһͻȻ̧ͷ˵̷˵ǳĻǳģ
˵϶ǳҰ
һ̯˵ǲͽˣģ׷ģȫûʲôϵ㲻ùңӰɣӳȥ˸Ҵ绰㡣
һоôһ£ŮǱѪģ·ңûʲôϵ˵һߣ·ңҲలˡ
æͷʾͬ˵СһЩԣʹУͻ
·ң˵ˣ߰ɣҺôǸŮˣڲˡ
ûж˵תͳ¥ȥ
Ǹոܹһ¥ݣ·ңȻһ˵̷ģɵðСסȻ㵽ҽԺģﲻ
һЦתͷһۣһҾʹסˣŲҲǰһ
·ңҲŵò壬æӵվֵǲʲô
ҡҡͷҴ˵ֻǳ·ңָָ
·ң⣬ͷԼ翴ȥֻǸƴһЩѪܵӤſļͷ۾һĶ
·ңɫǳѿǸֱУ̷ʲô
һӤԭյ˫ͻȻһˡۿȫǺɫͫʣ߼ûн㣬ܹ·ң
·ңվԭزҶŵĴ¥˵𶯡Ҽܹ·ңڲϷҲ˵δ֪ĿֲĿֲ
СĵſϵӤһһŲӣƺҪ·ңøһЩ
ȥҵֻûǸӤϣҾͿǰǸŮ
Ȼ·ңӰһ𣬱ԱվšڿһƵĶæһֻ֣һס˶
ǸŮͻȻתҳһһĳӤ˹ȥۿžҪӣ·ңȻžһ£̧־Ͱҵָˡ
ҾȵȻϺҶһɵɫŷ֣־ȻǸŮץţŮֱۼתһٰʮȣô·ң־ͱƶ
·ңŵĽ̷ô£
ʱô࣬æֻֽץסԥҪȥֻĹָŪһŷֻץ÷ǳͺ֮ǰʬʬץסʱһ
ҷ˺ôûܽŪŮҲûͣеĶţ·ңһֻҲץ־ͳҴ˹
ϱݺݴһƣۡ
·ңˮҪˣ˵̷Ҳ֪ô£ûġ
ҧҧ˵𼱣ֻǴһ£û£
תһƣֻϵӤץ·һһ·ңĶһǳֵͷⶫҪ·ңĶͺЩӰƷ˳˻̥һ
żӤеٶȷǳðһ
·ңŮȴҪúܶࡣҿֵֽŤһһ·ңӣͷŤתһٰʮȣڳϰ֮⣬֫ͷ­ת˻
һ㻹ˣ
·ңڶָоͺһЩͬΪ·ңԼʶһοǶԷһжǵá
Ҫǲܶ·ңܣһ֮һҲ뿴ڵӡ·ңŮͺһεһô쳣ֲ
ץûɿŬҪ·ңŮѳ֪ŮȻһ̧ţ·ңĽžͱһҵĶӣҲ֪ʲôطһ۵Ҫӳһ¥Ϲȥ
Ҵûˤôҹͣʱ;תҲűÿطʹġôӣҸû취ӵ
·ңŵĴţҲı飬һҶʼˣ
һ˺һᣬӵ̧ͷϿһۣѾŮȻѾ·ңתȥһһ¥Ҫ뿪
ҵֽŻ۵÷˲ٿӣͷǰְƵĵطѿˣһѪ˳ҵĶͷԼڵӾԲŮÿ١
ҳһͳ·ң׷˹ȥ
Ҹո߽ŮͷȻˢһת˻һ˫۾Ҳҵĵңŭˣг𱨳˵£Ͷֶŵʲô£ֲǷģôи׶ǱѪģô׷Ͷˣϸм䵱ʲô
Ҽͷת˻һı鿴ңһɻͳһȭʹϡ˵һȭͦЧȻƨɱ佩ӲҲŪۡһܹҵĹһӳűһᣬϵҲԹ
һϲҲˣһץͷͳקȷʵоˣץ·ңֽŶʱſŤתͳץϸᣬһͰԴ¥ϣǺݺһȭ˹ȥ
ʱ˹ŮŤֵ״ͺһֻεĸһſҶ·ң֮䡣
·ңûæת˻˿ҵƣ̷
ûشȻֽŲãŮȭӡ
·ң⶯һ£Ȼһ䣬ڴŮˣ
һ£ƨڴŮǴȥ಻
·ң΢΢һͣͻȻ϶˵úã
һ䣬Ҳ̧̽Ե߲˼¡һֻ˵ҵҪйôҲѹʲôط·ңȫڳһԵĿϹߣ
ҿҲˣ׼·ңҪһӤҽеŷӦʰһϵģ·ңϻһСġ
ӤѾ·ңĸˡڻûֻ꣬ͷ۽׻˵ĸģ豻ˣͲˡ
æֳӤһץ·ңϰСַǳ֣ģϵô佩ӲͺԼסһһоʲôͷ
ҽУȻҪҧңҲ˲ʲô˵徫ˣȻһӤºҲЩⲻȥڵģܹ˼ɵôࡣ


56
æ첲¥ϵߵǺݺһ˦Ӥͱôһ˳ȥұΪûˣûҪ²ŵŮȻһŪһȾײǽϣһֻҪɢܵĸо
ΪҲŭˣ֮Ͼͻһߵ״̬û뵽Ů˲Һ·ңˢһ¾ͳӤ׳ķ˹ȥٶȿãֻܿһӰӴǰһգ۾ʧˡ
ȻþҲܶĸ֮ģ²ǿʱ򣬼Ůʧæһ·ңɿĳ¥ȥ
뿪ҽԺܵԶһЩһһ¾̱·ߵĲݵϡһɣŸо۵ܣ·ǰʹӿһڡ
·ңһҽԺķȻŸԱߣǶһۣ˭û˵ֻҪΪ̫۵Ĺϵ·ңĻҲ֪Ϊʲô
·ڳ˼һ㣬һᣬֳҽԺ룬ֿңŪҺܲڣôˣ
˵Щ̫ۣʱһ¡
˵ͦģԼ˺üʱϰЩ
·ңͷȻһЦ˵̼ͦģϽʿεʱҪĶ࣡
ҺǲѧҽŮĻԳµʬ尡֮ĶӴĶˣֻܴЩҴ̼ˣ
·ң˵ģϾÿ˶ͬЩ¾һӣġǰЩడʲôĶµҪܼöˣҲЩζˡͻȻб˸ֲĶǰֺµľͷһ¾ˣȻ̺Σգ֮һְ಻סİˬ
ҷ˸ۣ˵·үˣҲÿζӵóܰˬ
·ңһüͷ˵ҲǣûΪ
ǿӲݵ˵ûˣؼҰɣѵҲˣһûµġ
·ңɫһֱ࣬סϥǣ˰˵ڲȥҴûҰǸˣڲ뿴
ҿЩѹ˵ҲûʲôðοġⱲӹҪסһӣҲˡȫǸ˰һһ룬·ң֣һǲЩǷֵģΪֵΪǺ޵ϡ
ֻ·ңҲǰ취ҲϣͶϵıٽٵϡ
ôȰ뿪Ȼ̧ͷң˵ڴô죿ѱ˴ҽԺˣҪؼһôģ
һʣҲŷԼʵҲûʲô㣬ϼߵӦҲˣҼһˣҲ鲻ʲô
һҪϻعȥһҲ֪ôˣְֵоֹƻǻǰװһȸģܴϻᱻڹȻûǲҪ˵Щ飬Ͼ֣ҷǸˣЩ˵ˣҲ֪᲻š
ˣԺҪôףһˡ
ҪģҪȥ;̫̫˵һ¶Ѷ뵽Ҿͷ۵ĺܣ뿪֮ǰҿǺ֤һö£û뵽ȫǵԤϡʬ嶼Ҳ֪ԼʲôȥԾ̫̫
һһͷˣͺ֮ȥһţҸо¡
·ңҲ˵ңŻع˵ҿҸطסһ뿪طˡ
ȥҴź˵һ£Ҫ顣
˰죬˵ԶܻԭΪ
εʼ磬Ȼվƨɣ˵ˣȥҸסĵطһ׼뿪
룬϶ǲܻȥˣȻ˵Ҫȫܶ࣬С˻ΪѾˣлҲ֪ˣôðȻܻȥе뻢ڵĸоС˵飬ֻԺһˡ
ֱܻܲؼȥлһ֪һţȻŷҵ鷳
ӡ⸽мҲľƵ꣬ͦɾ۸ҲС·ңҲ˵Ҳȥȹ˽ٴؼҵ飬Һúһϡ
˵Ҳûʲô뷨ϾЩ飬Ҫʱܵġ
ǵǵ˾Ƶ꣬Ҳŷ־û뷨Ҳǻеģ
ǰ̨СһǣϾһ㶮ġЦݣҪҺ·ңƼºܲ׷Һ·ң֮ǰϵѪͲòɾ˲ʡĿ仹Ҫµġ
·ңƼˣžһӣ˵Ҫ䣬ǰɣ
ǰ̨С㱻ˣҲǸģСѾͷҪƶһЩҲֻǺѡھίӦһãĸҺ·ң˷䡣
ε۾ʱ㻹ǲģҽҲñܴиŮܳ
Һ·ңķţ˵һ֮ûϵˡϴ˸裬˼ֽŲƵ˿ϣһɣ˵
΢΢һᣬ˵ƾ˯ˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãЩ΢΢ʱʵĺһЩͺҸŪһ¡۾ǷﴰգģģʲôҲ
ԽԽʼֻһС㣬ͺҴһ
ҼһֹˣֻҪ˿ԾĵطϾְѵƴ򿪡
ƹôͻȻҶٻоЩۣæǰһ£ô룬΢΢ӦһЩ
תͷһҷڷŵιӣλþȻˣԭڷڴԱߵĹӣڲ֪ô£ȻƵһԣǵطȴһӣҵĵڵϡ
Ӵץ·ҵϡСĹȥ̽һ£ɸһ´ϾͲҶˣ
ҿǽĴ棬¶һ˫ţ
ⴰǼصֻ֣ǹ˴һСξ룬¶ǽǵط͹һͺһ˶ں档
˫Ŵչţ¶һغɫװͺƤЬǸ˵ģ
棬ռϷ磬Ҳܹȥ
ֻŵԼĶȻ׼ӳȥ
úһУȻһɷӴⴵ˽ˢһ¾ͰѴˡ
￩һæתͷһǴ棬ȻһˣϵҲ֪ģ·¥ɫ࣬һ˫۾ɺѪͷһسӷǳˡ
ԭشһᣬճյģǴ¥ϵպײӵĴ
һ־òԾᵹӣһǱŵġҲӦⷿûйӵĵطֻܴ¥ϵĴȻϵɱϵǽڶѾ˲ָ׵ץֹۣࡣ
Ҳ˲ôණҲ˵ӣǸոģǰ
ֻܰѶһԵıڻתҪӳȥ
ҽ¸ոһһɳƵͺסһ϶ģǳˡ
ǳҵĺţҡ
ҽŲһ̲ͣסֻͷһۣͿôţŬҪסӵѳ
ǰȥӲͷƤҪ뿪ƺˣҵŤͺǰһֲһԵǽץţָװǽڶһۼȻӲ۶
ͻȻЩָоͺѾˣ˹ɻҪʱĥһҾȻĻع˹ȥ


57
лһĨϲɫ·ֹâֱסĽţôֻţ漴һᣬŲ֮Ū˳
ֻ˳ޱȣһվȣһԵڵءһײǽϣ·һһŬҸоֻǸӶѣΪʲô
ʵﻹµģԸһŪͻæͷܿˣһ»عͳ˹
ҵЩûзˣڴߣֵͿǽϲŬƺҪһ»ĸо
̽ԵĽһǺĶͣסˣһ˫۾ֱ˹ŵһ겻ģҲҿڶ˵ʲô
Ѱ˼ûҪæ˽ĶĿעСŲԼӣһһ㳯ŷ˹ȥ
һ߳һǿʱ䣬ߵӣ·ңڹƻû˯ѣҲңҲ˼һᣬֽҷ°òҳһŲİֽͷûбʣҿղѡ
϶еģҲҽȥʱ򣬺Ȼоһ£תͷһһֻ֣һֻԲʳһ˻ӡ
ϲæ˹дʱһ飬оǳԾæֵ˿˹ȥ
һ궼ɢˣֻǰǸˣվҵߣϵȻЦţҡ
һæ˺󼸲ǽڡֱӣվԭһǿһﲻ
һᣬûҪ˺ҵ˼һǳ˼ûӿҲûҪ߽˼
ҽŵһЩҸոհҲǸ飬һ¾ͱ
Ž˽İֽһעһ泯ֽдǸ·ңˣҪԺúչԼ˼
д꣬˻վԭûжЩգΪ·ңǰҺ۵С۵ŶԷʵܲˣ̾һ˵һ䣬߿вУ
˭֪⻰һڣͺõһתűŲ˼ȻֻǸ򵥵ĶҸоĲסÿһЩҲߵ·ңǰºĽֽŷ档
һֱңҲһֱʵǱĿ⿴ëˣ޿κΣֻеͷ¶һ룬û˵ȥ˼ͺ˵İ޳һֻǴıȽʱֶѡ
Ķ΢΢һͷл˼ȻͳƵȥ˾ȻһֱңҽŲһͣ͵תͷͷȴҲͣҶ̶̵һξ룬ϻǴĪЦݡ
̽Ե˼ΣͻȻͣ£ÿζͬڸҵĸоͺһֻ͹һߵ˵ﻹͷˣһƨ档
ײŵŻΣûзӦ޷ֻܼǰǿװ
˾Ƶ꣬վ·һųȻլߣСڵĻڻ˯ҿһǸϳԺվ·ߣ۳ҡ
ȳһŰЦһɵ˰ɣܵı죡
ͷոһͻȻͳߵĿλϣŵûסһ½г
ǵޱ飬úֱӻŵʱǸȽϺõġ֮£˾ͲôˣһУŵóһΡȻŴӺӾ￴һۣ˵ֵղŽɶûŵҸһסԺ
ҶЩΣæٺЦһԼ顣˾ֿһۣƾвҲ˵׼ѡ˳Ĭ
һᣬǾլĵطοǣĳͣſڣûбְ˳ִߡ
ƿţ⶯С˸ˣ߽ԺӣתͷһŷǵվſڣɫЩ飬Щµӡ
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ҽԼĶʰһ£Ķ಻٣֮ǰǮ˵Կʲôڡ
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ѹŹȻֻǸңʲôΣյĵط֮ǰӰŮľǿǲʹѪܵĽѵôô׾ͷŵڶδ
ҳһ˵ǰɣ
˵ͷеͷ˦÷ɿ졣
˵Ǻãţ
һһ䣬ҲʲôӦתͷͳܡȵ˶¥Ƶķӣӣ˸¥
⻹ҵ֮һϵطֻضЩСӣʱЩųȥ֮󣬹Ҳû˭Ըصš
ּһ¥ܳӣԺĵȻһ£˵ȥҴߣ
Ǹû۵ģȻҲᱻϵҰСһţݵһ¾˽ȥ
æĸһ֣ն֮ǰն˵Ӧǽ˰ɡ
Ұѹڣеһ£΢еһҲõùˡ֪ΪʲôͻȻԺУԼ񷨺һе˰Ӻϲ̵ĸо
Ҽһʰ׵Կ׾ϳˡʱҲŷиͦõ飬Ȼ𳵣иһ֮ؼʱ̻ܾȼ
ҰںᣬתʻλáһĹڣ֪ôźãں治֪᲻ԾͶڸλϣҲܿͻ
ҷ³լһۣ´λ֪ʲôʱˡ΢΢̾һ£̶Ҳ·ˡ
Щԣʱ䳤˯Եôʮֵľ񡣶ٶȻȽΪƽʱûῪÿζСĽġ
˺ܳʱƳȥҪĻƾһ·ɱҿܶˡ
һ·ǳͨûʲô顣ǵ˺ɽǲĻЩֽ˵飬ţʱʱ￴һۡ
죬żвٳңЩֽҲ
ǰһΣͻȻ³ˣ̽ͷһֳۣŵúܳҲ֪ǰʲô顣
Ҽǰмų˾˳ͷӶģƺڴ̽Ҳ֪ᱻ¶೤ʱ䣬ɽһӶȥʱˣֻĳʲôֲĶ
Ϩ˻³ȥһ


58
ǰǳŵһڣģҪΡҼǸ׵վڳſڣǰţͬεı顣
æȥͳݸһֻЦ˵磬ǰʲôˣô³
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һ⻰̾һܿ·ģȻǰһֱ֣еȷʵЩʲôˣ۾ֻǹӣŶ̵ġ
ǳͰôˣ˵ѾҽԺˣǰϳȹءЩ¹ʣԺˣûһǰæġ
Щζ̣һлȻתԼǰǰһۣʵ̫ˣһʱ߲˵ġ
һ룬ҵľˡסĳЩţ˵ʲôζͺڵЩֽ˳һ˵ʲôζ
һ֧̳꣬׼سϣɸһȻƬĲݴɳɳ춯һ㶣æǱ߿˹ȥҪ֪ʲô˰죬Ȼ̽һͷһǴ˹ܳġҪϳȻ־òԡתͷһۣŷֻѾӲݴˣӾȻֻаأ벿ѪܣֻһƨɵĲֻѾûˣ
ڲݴԱңҺĿײһ𣬼۾һһ⹷ˣҲͨԵġ
ҲҿΪԷһСĳҸһȥϵĹڣ죬ͺǸ治ײڱһλֱҡ
ŲѣⲻҪ֢״ɣæֽӱڻסӣ
ﰵţֵ治ʱ
һ˼Źڣһ滹òųĹȥǰãһͻȻˣͺ񿴵ĵһۣѿзҪ˵ôһСʱ䣬ݴ֮Уִܳʮ
ӣÿüңеƤûУȫ±ѹñģѪģ
һĻȻΣǱסľͷԵıҪöࡣǼһǻĶңʱͷƤ顣صһѳŹϣЩ˴̼ȳֻĽһһ¾ͳų˹
ųӳԵһ죬һڳϣֻóӶײҡһ£ľ󣬶ͷϺˮϵĵ
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ЩϵĳųײҶԵһ̶ûֹͣƺȻ̻ﲻţúûɶϵȫ
뷨ûʲôãڳܿĵطճɺĹѪײԽףһƤ
ǰĵ粣ѾѪȾˣһͷվڳͷϣϵĳŲÿһҶܸоⲣһһʱѿĸо
޲ߣֻܱŹڣλϣֵǡ
ڸܵĻᶼûУ·ǰãм䡣Ҫⲣ汻ײˣҹԼ͵Щˣ
ڳһ£ǸûпĶֻܿһ⳵ҪʵһЩ
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һҾסˣǰʮֵĵطȻиͷǿ˽ԴȫĹ⣬Ѫϲϵţһֻ۾棬ңԴţ
һ룬ͻȻſڣһ³ҧ˹
һæһն㿪ϵѪζǺҴ
ԼˣĵͷȥһȺ棬ƽʱȻԹ⣬ǿʳҲͳң
һ룬һǱұŵĹڣһµȥصһҿˡ
ֻǸͻȻǰҺм䣬ȫǶϵģصøһ£ûҸ
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û뵽Ҳ֪óһӣͻȻˣһĽǹһףȻ͵һףͰ
һ⻹רҵϵģı˭
һȻһᣬ⹷ͱǿ˽ڿвţһûһ̧žͲڽ£ӷǳҡ
ȫûпĸоƱۣƱܽĸ֣ȡ
֮һķӦһϲϷҵΪֹǵһοܣһˬС
Ҳ֪ǲΪǰ˵ĹϵӦҪЩܶ࣬ҶҲݵöࡣ
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ӣĵųȺһ¾ˡҿͷ¶һصģȫܰʲô͵Ӣϵ
ҿһۣ۽һ䣬ֳſһۣƺҪȥæֽŴ򿪣Χڳһ飬ͳŵæ
Ȼ˳ȥžһɣûǰŵѹȸСְѳŹˡ
һ뿪ЩΧӾͺȺһΧ̽ţû
ҿôˣ˺þãŷǰǸ˾ҲڿңǼҳͻȻһˣ棬Ҫ
һɲˣæʾⲻҪһﷴӦҪһЩԽߵԽ죬һ¾ͽǸΧȦӡ
Ҿֵûвԣűһֻؼſھͳҧȥ
һҧˣʱѪ˳˳ʹ͹һһ¾͵İΧȦ
ｹҲóǳţƽ޹ʾôҧһڣȻ֪ʲô顣
ĽкźҲˣæӳ˳ŻŵľҪ


59
ҸоԼֽŶˣܾܲβܡæ򿪳Ŵӳ˴һ
һ£ûҵĻԽżֲ֪ôֻܶ͡ڵһһĺš˾ǲ˵Ȱ棬ͺЩӰĵģȥʲôֵĵطƫƫȥ˶û˷һ
ʱҲһҿ۵úðˣȴУֹźӡŷһЩȥЩȫûҴϢĻᣬҸһȫ˹ȥӲƴűҧһ¾ˣôһֻһڣҲгɹͷˣ
ǵӦܿ죬һ˦ͺһÿһֻһ飬Ҳ֪ж󣬵һȥӶһһֱеһ¾Ͷϳڣſڵжѡ
ǰǵģΪǾӲȱˣжû⣬û뵽ˣ걻룬Ǻһû˷
Ҽúܣ̹һЩСܵԣŬ
ֽקңɫѾˣϵ˿ڷǳԣ˿ź£һѪҿ⾰󣬾ˣҲʲô¡
ҴƶҪڵ󣬵߳ͻȻһ󼱴ٵתͷһͼһɫС˹ۿҪײϣŵҲϣ
Ҵæ۾ֻһɲžԵһ졣ֻԼϱʲôһײûоۣ˾ͱŵɳȥ
ҵúԶײڵϣоҪɢһ
ߴһ󾪽һ¿˵עˡ
Ҷ۵úܣһƣԼǱһײ˸ţϣѾûˡ
֮ǰǸҧ˵˻վԭأɫǳ֣û顣ΪӸûײһξͣˣȴײȺ͵ϣͷȥһ飡
˱ǳŹ֣ңŵõô£Ǹûӣôͷɳȥˣ
˼ͣϵһ˦̧ͷͿ·ңС쳵ŵĿң˵ײˣ
ɻѾͷôˡһ壬ȻЩ벻ãЩײȫڵϲˣҲһ˹ڣˣҲܾСҲˡ
·ңڳԺúÿңҪˣҶűϣʵ˻ǹ
˵͵Ҿˣ
һ۽ǵˮæҷ
˵ô⣿
·ңŽһ£˵ǰ³ˣΪײֳʲô飬ǳģֱӾʹеϿ˹
ѾͷҲ̫ˣȫǲҪ°ǰĳҲסˣǹȥҲȻ֪ôçײ֮Ҫ顣
ﻹͦмģ־һΰɣȻΪ
æô׷ˡ
·ң˵Ҹ
üͷһ壬ɻ˵ʲôʱ˵⻰ˣ
·ңһͣȻóҸֽݵǰ˵ѵµġ
ҽӹֽ˵ǰ˿Ҳ˵ˡ
ֽ·ңõģû뵽дŵݣȻǣҪ뿪Ҫûطȥҡҳⷿĵַ¥ŶС滹ҵ
ҿֽһᣬ˵ô£дĶﶼǵдݡֽϵ徹ȻҵһһдеɫǲôдּģڿһģһҲһ覴á
·ңң˵ûʲô˵˰ɣڻƱ硣
Īͷԣּ࣬ѵ˿ҵֽˣһҵıʼģµ֮񣬷·Լдһ
·ңû˵˼ã벻ףΨһĿԣֻǸڻĵϵȳˣһֱң˼ûˡ
·ңȻˣ϶ǲڼⱳңΪ·Һ⹫ЩԨԴĹϵֻǾĿʲôҲס
֪·ңӣȰȥǲˣ˵һٳҲ뿪سǣȥĵطҲܶ࣬һҪҡ
óͻȻǱҧˣźӴԱ˹ȥжǽ֮ɫʱŻعȥæ·ңҲˣ΢΢һ£ͻȻܽóļҽҩһЦ˵ãҳдȰϰߡ
˵꣬Ͷְæ
תͷһۣǰͣĳѾĲˣȫߡﰵһãղŶ̫ڱΧˣ·ңã֪ô˼ҽ͡
һ£òܼˣֻܴ·ߣȻҲߵͨ·ܲã·ʱãҪڲܸϵҲֻѡˡ
ҵ·ңã˵һ£˿Χûжʣֻͷͽ˳׼ͷ
ҪϳȴǼסˣȵӣ˵Ҫ˵
ͷ˵˼ײǡ
Ǳ˴һۣûӦҾϳˡһأ·ң棬ͳ·˹ȥ
һ·Ƿ糾Ͱ֮˲ʱ䣬ȵˡ
ڳǻҳοиӣԼҲ˲ٻҡ·ңҺòȥ
ͣ³ӣͷһۣ˵ط϶ҲҸסȥɣе£ҪȥһѼҡ
·ңһˣ˵һûԶˣҲȥԶٷҲѰ
Щɬһ£˵ҲУȸҹȥһˣһȥԷ
Ҫȥģûشֱ˳
ȻˣǲʱҾԼбҪ̫̫ȥһˣѶӦԸ
ǵ⣬ǰʱҾˡȫԼĳ
̫̫ҾȻûˣ׵׵ûˣ
һѷ棬һһǱѬڵĲҶϱڣһж֮һˡ
ǰľ³ʱŶġ
·ңǰңѼң
û˵ֻǴţ֪˶ãҲ㶻ع̫̫ڣˣǻţ


60
Ƭһչķ棬ܲζ·ңɫԣû˵ֻǵվҵԡ
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ĬһᣬҾԳŸڵھӼȥ
Ҽƹ⻹ţţʮ룬һ˵˭
ӦһֹһᣬŲŴ
ŵǸѮŮˣֵĿһۣʲô
æ˵һ䲻˼漴ֳž̫̫ҵķһָʵǶӷʲô£
Ů˿ûж⣬Ŵ˳ҲǷһۣ˵ﰡ֪ô£ͻȻˣʱǸͰ춼պˣǸ˶ŻˣطֱȽƫƧʱӻûˡ
֣ٴĻҲ֮ǰͿ԰һճɷ档Ҿ̫̫ô˵۾Ҳʧûв
æһ˵ʲôʱ鰡
Ůһ£˵һڡ￩һַӣǶһ죡ѵ̫̫Ѿ֪ˣѾûԼӣ
ҳ˼ţŮ˼Ҳ˵ͻȻһ䣬˵СӣЩʲô°ɣ
æҡͷΣ˵Ƕѣû뵽顣
֪⻰˵꣬Ȼüͷһ˵ĸ
һ£ӿһֵͷ˵סľ̫̫Ķӣ
Ůüͷøˣ˵ʲô̫̫ӶѾ˺ܶûסˣ㲻Ҵط˰ɡ
һ·ߵĽֿȻֻطΣȻƫƧǲҡܹȷǾ̫̫û
ǸԺӣеϵĿӣȻʲôûˣҷǳϤôܼûסأ
Ů˵ı飬һ㶼˵ѵӡҲңڿһˡ
ǳæ˵ҿЦˣǰסҶʶôܻûء
ֵɫԽԽŨ˵סʮˣ⸽ҶʶҪסˣô֪ܲŵĻȥʡ
һͣҲͷˣü˵㻹ǿ߰ɣ˵ģ˵ĺܡ
˵꣬תƽӣصһ°Źˡ
վſڰûжǲԼ飬ֳԱ߼һһһʹҳ׾ˣõģͬһ𰸡
ⶰӸûס˭û֪
˼һռŵĽֵ﷢ҷԼƽһ˼άͬͺ񸽽ھ˵ûסĻǶ;̫̫ʲôݡ
иͷͺֹһɶ;̫̫ǹôæҲȥˡһǶӣĿοסһʱ䣬˵㲻Ϸǳ˽⣬ܹϤС
ǵЦǵñҴΣǵҲź¡һˣôǹ
ߵߣ·ңһֱվڼֻתơһң˵̷ôˣоһֱֵֹġ
·ߣûп˺ܾãЩѹ·ң˵һͬͬס˻ǹ£ͻȻ˵ĶĴ
ұΪҷйĺ·ң飬Щ
û뵽Ȼߣ˵ŰΪʲôܣ
һ£ɻ⻰ô˵
·ңǸϵʱſŮˣҪ֮飬Ҹ֪ġ
һһ£·ң˵ˣл
ǰлҲһڣƽʱû𣬿˵пЦһȱҼֶͬ
ѵ;̫̫ҲǣôӽңʲôĿġΨһܹ˵ֻѪôһҪĻͿԵ֣αػ϶һء
ԽԽңͷ·ң̾ϢһοҼ䣬漴ң˵ôʶģ
ͺ񻮹һһ£ͻȻӦҪ˵һܹ֤̫̫ͶڹĻǾ谡һʼҺ쵽ľ̫̫Ҫ˲ʶ˶
æͳ绰ʣתһ룬ĶȫҸϵһ£ž־
·ңԱĬĬңƺ֪ңûгš
绰Ǳཱུ𣬿ǹһᣬͻȻҵˡ
ֲ֣˹ȥһ˺ܾãΪû˽ӵʱͻȻͨˡ
ͷ־һھǺ˵ô˼绰ң
һ£ɻһ䣬˵Ѿͷôˣ
־ǳ˵ѾͷѾͷĽң̷磬ҽһ磬㾹Ȼڻôˣ
ȫ⻰˼һʱûг־ԽԽ˵ôҸ˳Ǹӣ㶼ûˣ
Ūһԭæ˵ѾͷԲûչ˺죬ûô򵥣е㼱£Ҫ죬ܲܰ
־ڵ绰ͷһ˵㻹Ҹ磬ǰûô򵥣ҪҰֻǣڻڹأ
һᵽְ֣һ˵ʲôˣ
һ£û˵绰ͷصĴϢƺѹԼһһᣬ־˵Ұ˵ˣҸϼңȥҪҰְּʱϵҸھûˣ㻹ʲô֪أ
һ϶Ȼһңҹں־ҲȥֻõѾͷ𼤶治ְָӣ˵ܲܰˡ
һû˵꣬绰ͷžһ¾͹ҶˣҴһ£Ĭã̾һ
һưͳԻп˵ĸо־ƺˣҲȥҴûԼһҪ죬Ȼȵ컹ѡ
·ңͻȻһȣ˵ղŵ绰Ǹѵðɣ
һۣô֪
˵ô壬绰ôʲôˡģģȻҲ֪֮ǰʲô飬ڽϣҿôеҪҽԺӣ֪㲻ܺ˿Ҫȱ˹ִ㣬ֻԼĶ;˵ʲôģױ䡣
һۣĵ׷һů⣬û뵽ͷܹҵģȻôһʶõŮˡ
վչһӣ漴ЦЦ·ңһл·ңĿϵĻҳ˵лʲôҰְֶ飬ûҾǺõġ
Цһ˵㲻ǶӶҴȥԶˡ
·ңҲЦˣ˵·̯Ҳԡ
ҿЦ㣬ҿɲǮˣҪ͵ĻҾʹȥԺõġ
û˵װĵһۣ׼ϳˡ
ǸոһͻȻĵ绰һǸİĺ룬ԼҲûӳһ£Ž
ιһ绰ͷһĬûлӦΪźŲãֺһ䡣Ǳߴһ΢еƣġšһ
ɫһݣ˵죿


61
ġšһ䣬ſڵ־˵ң
æһǡ⻰һڣȻ֪˵ʲôźˣǰЩȣһ뵽״ְֲ֪˵Щʲô£ﷴԵʧС˰Σôˣ
Цһ˵ҾһôЩûá
ҡšһҸո־˵ֽЩҵ顭
컹ɢӦһ䣬ȻҰ˵ЩҸô룿
æ죬û˵˼һ㶼ϣµģԸ˵ҡ
ȻҵĻ˵̷ÿ㶼లµġ
û뵽˵Ļһʱԭأ֪λӦ
˾ôĬ˺ܾãҲ̾һ˵̷Ұ˵ЩҲһ뷨ҲûСңҺ׽ˣ˭Ļţʱ壬ʲô飬æҲﲻˡ
ҰššһʵҲʲôˡһܹһβ֪᲻һ١ҾԼͦڵ뷨м䣬һһЩҪ˼һ˵ĸܡ
һ룬ҺȻ־ְƭ˿Ҳһ£ΪԶˣԼܱҪõöࡣ
һ˼Ŷ˵Ҵ绰ĿҲֻһҪ㣬㲻ùܵġ
ʲô£ҾͰѸո֪Ĺڶ;̫̫˵ˡҲܾȣ΢΢һͳĬȥûм˵
һֱڵĴ𸴣˺óʱ䣬ŵ̫̫ʶܾˣΪʲôڵҲ֪¹ž̫̫ҹƾԼش㣬ҲòʲôõĶ
ҶЩʧ䣬Ͼ˵ΨһɡȻô˵ˣҹûʲôϷˡ
ɣ˵úϢĻ컰һתȻ˵̷ҽû£ǰƬͻȻһ˼顣
ҶЩ棬ҪͨĶӦòʱæһ䡣˵𼱣һҰͼ㷢ȥܷܲʲôҾͲ֪ˡĲЩ飬ȫһΰɡ
˵һǡ˵绰ûãֻˣҴһ췢һͼͼһƬӣѾЩƳ¾ɵļˡ
·ңҲ˹ʲô
ҡͷ˵֪ͼƬŴһЩһ˵һƬȻǺڰ׵ģľԵĿ
ͼˣվмһŮˣȻҵ裡
ֽקʲôһˣϸһۣ˴۾ЦⰻȻǲҰְ֣Ҹ֪Ҷĳ˵ȫûмˡȻоЩɱϾҺ豻Ѿʮǰˡ
ȻͼУվߵһһŮĸĸЦöǳģұڲ֪Ҫ١
ЩãϾҰİʶ֮ǰ֪顣ƬڣҲһ㶼ϡ档
ͼǣߵλϣһһŮ
Ůһקߵˣһ֣ģܡ
ҰͼŴ˲٣ϸһᣬֻŮЩ죬벻Լ
һ°ͣ·ţüۣϤл֮ȥתһǱɷķӣӺȻһ͵ĻͼŮˣǵľ̫̫
ô˵ںܾǰ̫̫ͺҸĸʶҹϵȻ㲻
ֵǣΪʲôǰûбֳҸĸʶһİ˵̬ȫһ־֮˵ĸо
ϸϸһ£ְ֮ǰ˵ĻӦ֮Щм䷢ʲô飬ϵѣ̫̫Ǽҳ׶ϵļҲֻ豣Źϵ
ְ֮־Ƿһܴծ
ڵ²⣬ǲܲ³ġһᣬǳƬ￴˹ȥ
̫̫ŵˣҹƾǶĸˡֻǲ֪Ϊʲôǲ֣ЩعȵӣģЩģʵڿࡣ
·ңûʲô԰Ƭ޸İ취
ܿͼĳֹܹԭһ¡·ң˵ЩҲҹҲû⼼
̾˿Щá
·ңһЦ˵ʲô
ָͼϵң֪ʲô
ҵͷϸƬһۣ˵ȻЩģٵĳ໹ֱܹģ¶һ֡
һϲôŪ
·ңЦЦûлش𣬶ǴӰóһ֧ʺͱǩֽ˵š
һ䣬ͲƬϵӻҿ÷ǳϸʱƬһֵͷֽϻʡ
һᣬһŵ׾ͳֽϡû뵽·ңһ֣ΩΩФǰӵʱЩƬԸһ˵ﷸĻһֱʲô
·ңƬ΢ģݻȻܰٷְٵ񣬵и߷Ҳˡ
ĵطԼһЩţܰģĲָ
ҵ˺һᣬ·ң̧ͷ˵ˣܿòɡ
ҽǱǩֽӹһ˶סˡͼϻģȫһҼȻҪܶ࣬ҲҪܶࡣһһ۾ϳ˾֮ǰڻĵ￴Ǹȳӣ
ҵͼЩĶùƬԱһ£ȷʵ΢΢Щģ٣Ӧþ·ңŻģֺ
ӷɿתţͺץһ˳žһ
һԼĻͶ˵ĸǸȳӣҲ˵ְںܶǰѾˣҵʱǸ˻ǹ


62
ĬĬһ£ȳӦǸˡΪʱլһηмʱԺո̹ͣģǹ̾ʶҶʱҲ˵ûвɾĶ
ָоԼֲ²̫ͳΪٹҹеһϣԺͽϵǹ֣ûã֪ΪǰʲôֽţΪ֮ǰõǸν󷨵ԭ
ҵڶڻĵʱӣо˳ҪƬ࣬;̫̫ˣԴ￴ӦҲˡֻЩƺҲ
ҪǸ˵Ļˡ
һʼҽĹھ̫̫ĹǱʱ̫̫ŪġԼ˵Сʱڹʱ׻ػ
˵ͶǺϣǶĸףǶΪʲôҪһôĹ£ôĿʲôôΪʲôҪ׻ϵ飿
ǱߣڷҲֵһ£ǶһҧĸѾϡ
²⣬һģһˣֵҲ˵һ˲ͬʱôɣ뷨ĿԷǳССԼվסš
ҿǰ죬벻ͷҪ˽Щ飬ֻڻŵĵˡİ裬̫̫Ѿûָˣ֪
ϸھӶͬ˵ûдڹͺƾʧһҸûҳͷ
ҶƬܾãҲֻ̾һͼúñȻҲתͷ·ң˵ʱҲˣȰŵҼȥȻٳųԷȻϻ̫󳳵ھӲá
·ңͷЦһ˵ҲС
û˵ʲôŸ˳ǰ·ںţһᣬŵҵĳ¥¡
Ѿ³¥Ͽһۣоһ뿪ڣȻʱ̣ܶ⼸죬˵ĸоͺһô
ߵʱûüֻǰѷҲ֪ûжʲô
·ңһСͺһԵ÷ǳɣִСȫͬ
ҷ˺ôľŰЩȫϣϾҼ¥ҿɲµæˡҸ¥Ͳſˡôණüβ㱻קĴ¥Ϲȥ治˸ɵ°
·ңҺ棬żһ£ߴٵôôأϸ¥ô
۵æ˵㰡㲻æҲˣͱ˵ˡͽվ˵۰
·ңٺһЦǲϳְңҲ֪۵ģֻ̲סҪȤ䡣
Ǻòײ¥תͷһַŻǹŵģ̲ס˵ûãûС͵
ҸҪߵſڣǼ˵ͻȻʹˡһ߳ĸˣһСŶǰҵӣΪһ˶ͷͺһ飬ԵͷǿסһЩںļǰ˵Ǳ飬ںú㿴Ҹµķô
ϸһƣͺ˲ҷƽʱ˶קöƵģôűķˡôĺôҪ֪µķⶼõֻˡ
أһɵɵûгھѾˣǱͷϼ䣬һվʱˣһĿҡ
Ǳ֣üͷ壬˳ǵĿ⳯һңǰһϥģͻȻһᣬʱŭˣָҾ˵СӣҺĺô˵ķӸסôͲѧðȥǸŪЩ鷳
ұһһ㶵ģҲˣȵôˣ
һʹļ׵ӣ˵㻹أⶼߴˣҪң˴ˣ˵Ե
Ц˵˷ƨ°ֲ˵ģ˭˭ȥ
ֶڶָָʲôû˵ָָңŬһ
ҿӣЩЦʲôأȻ˵֪ô˵ĲҶ˵ֹסʲô춯ϿЩӰȥġŵĻ̻̣˭ס
һסˣǻŵģ˵ѵӣɺ·ңһۣ·ң⻰ҲЩ£һ
¿ˮװʲô֪ı飬˵ɱѪ˰Щ飬û⼸ϼˣûסʲôϵ
˵ӾһסҪ㲻֪ЩʲôãôüӴ˽ȥȫˣҲ֪浽ʲô
ҿҧҲˣȷʵҵԭûҲڱʲô˵Ҵ˵ĵطҲΪ̫ػǰû뵽Ҷ뿪һʱӻô
ֱߵǰŷһۣ˵ÿ
ĵĿ˿ңû˵Ǵǰƿ˽Ų
Ҹջͱôͷһ٣ŹɻһžͰѷŸ߿ˡûпƣںģһ¾͸о½ࡣȷʵЩණ
͸Ǽ˼ҿţವһ»ŵö㵽ֻ̽ͷҵһһ
Ұһۣʾ·ңſڵңҿ˵
ᣬվû߹Ž˷䣬ֳǽϵƵĿذȥһᣬȴû֪ǿصλá
֣ſǽţͻȻһƬë׵ĶһǶȻһҲһһ䣬˭֪ҵ͸Ǽ˶һ·ǹֶһҺ·ң㱻һɤűˡ
һһէģһŻعȥҵϤĴУવһ°ѵưˡ
ʱһ̾ͺˣ
ҸתͷһǰǽϣſŸë׵Ĳ֪ʲôֻ۾ǳ󣬾ͺĸһۣ浹ӰӰӡԴҺһȫǴ۵Сۡ
˰ΣҶ۽ǵ⳯ŷطɨһۣⷿ컨ϣϣǽϣɳϣЩɫĹӰģСһھͱΧм䣬һĿң
Ҷͷ亹һ¾ͳˡ·ңվſڳҺһ̷û°ɡ
˼شʶǽһžһ¾ͰѵƸˣ
ʱֺһӦǰһƬǿЩ֣ãͺҰοһ۲Ĳĸо


63
վںڰ֮Уſڵ·ңһۣڵλãȵĵƹյúܹĿǵ̽ͷķҲһ鶼أŵҡ
ҹԼڵı鲻Ǻö١ұЩΧм䣬ŵ˵ȳܣǸоֽŷǳӲվԭزҶ
ڰҲ֪ЩʲôʱʱһĶһ£һֻ֣һӲҹȥһ
·ңǰҽֻܴеһ䣬̷û°ɡ
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ǲô־ͺҲһȫûиף
·ңģŹ֣ɫӻˣ̷ôˣɱң
˵оԽԽΣҪָιȥ
ƺԽǽţܹʱԽ̣ϻ̣·ͷϵѪҪѹȻһʹ̵ĸо
ҾԼ̫ðʧˣԭֻǴȴҪΣڼǿһǣڿ㶵ﲻţϰԵҪСҳ⵶Ѿܳʱûˡ
ｹڵʹţҪܵĹ߿ԽЩ귴յԽһѹȸУʱ˷ӿ
Ҳ֪ĸζһ·ӿǺҸŬ
ҵֻǲڿ㶵ţȻ˵õĻʱȼһ˿ϣʲôܶúúš
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ڣһҶʱһŮĺ
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ŬҪǴǴܳȥǰһܣ˹Ӱͺһǽһôû취ͻƳ
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ɫԽԽ˵̷
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һ·ңߴ˹ȥҿſͣ¶βݣҪǡʱ·ңȻӣûС
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֫Ѿû֪ˣԴ֮⣬ˣܵԼҲúЩһƮƮģһȻǳȥ档
ұ۾ǾʱҺȻһһ£ǳæһִĲȫˣ֪һʲôһ²ҵؿڹȥȻصһͣǽϡ
ЩӰʱŤϵŵúܴƺֺʹ࣬ûһ˲һᣬͻȻȫʧˡ
͵һȫ·һ»ˡתͷһǰĹӰȻˣæ·ңû°ɡ
·ң·γѵӣŻع˵˾û¡
æѵƴ򿪣ܸɾʲôҲûС
ȷʵˣȫƬ˳ŸղſľǽڿȥȻǲؿڹȥĶȻһ֧Ѿǽ
Һ治ѣ˲ٹŰͷǽ˳ֳŴ⿴˿ںһƬ֪ʲôˡ
·ңҲǳ棬ӹȥһۣȻ˵дءǺſϵġ
һæнӹϸһȻһС֣ббĿżϣҿˣȻţ׽ʦרã


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æܵߣӶӴ̽˳ȥûκ˵Ӱ
ĽǶȣֻжǶ¥пܣǷȥʲôҲҳǱߺһ֣ҹֻһ˵ڻţûκλӦ
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վŰһ˭⴫·ң˯ûС
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ǸǶ׵ףҵĲл꣬ǸͷŮʬݣ


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ȻֻڶʱһΣ־ĶǵⱲӶˣһ۾ݣ
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ͬʱģΧһЩŮ˾ֵĽŷԭЩҲܹŮ˵ġϾƺǹǱ˷Ƴʬ
ûôһȣһֱΪϹͷö˼ʮҪѾǲܵˡ
ܲΧǰȥĬΧһȦΧм䣬з׷š
վúԶЩ˵Ӱš
ɹһᣬҾһ죬ͺͷλָоŮ˵ּʮȵһŤȻڵϣѾײñεˢһ̧͸Ⱥ˹


67
Χ۵˻ûзӦӦöŮʬĶɵˣţŮӵϸȫŤţвٵطѾˤѪģӷǳˣǺ֮ǰһƺоײʹ
Ⱥôһ룬ֱһŮ˼һɤӣװΧ۵˶ѹŵö׷׳ܿǰƻҪоȻʲôڿܾȻҲǸԼˡ
һûܣͱЩĴӵһײһ¾ͱײڵϣûǷǳֲһ£ҵڵϣ֪˲˼ţҲûңһֻûԵǰ޲Լ˳ط
ֻܽסԴϻǱ˲˲֪ٱ飬д߸ЬŮˣһҹƱ϶Ѫˡ
ò׵ЩɢˣæӵʹҲ˲ϻͷȥѾӾͳǰȥ
ǰܶУʱ˻عͷһֻۣǾʧӣ֪Ůһ
ţһ·ǻŲ·ֻҪǰп·ʲôܣֻȥҽ֣Լ鼱֮£Ȼܽһϡٵ
ĵ·ҪխƫƧöܼ࣬ûʲô˵ټ
ҲһѶͷϵĺˮͣ½ŲһתͷһӿڵĵطŮ˾Ȼ׷˹ڽŲӲȣ֮ǰ˽ŵҪصĶ࣬Ų֫һһ׷
ֻҪĵطһС
֮ǰϵȫͬǰҲֻǼܹЩֵĶȻգǴûôĿֻš
һΣֱǰͷ¶ˣͨҲܹ֪ʲôĺ䶯
һ·˵ʵûˣϾҲǸͨˣ嶼м޵ġ
ҿһһұƽԼлͺһһͻȻͻѡ
ҲˣٴڵҵƾԼҴ򣬹ƻܹһƴġҳ￴һۣһԵĹжѷŲ˳ֱӴһӣȻоһЩҲǿʤޡ
վԭصź񣬵۾һҲûдŮʬƿĵĳ˵ܣʵ߿첻˶٣ÿһ·ʱᵹ£ֻǲ֪֧ʼûͣ
ӿڵĵطвðͷԶԶʬĶóֻȻûԶδҲû˸Ҷ߽һ
ҽеľھҪϾҲǲµģŮʬҵľԽԽףףס
ҪҵǰҲŷӱԭҪֲĶ࣬ʱҲſֽţǳȣɫһϵÿһλƴһ㡣
û˼ЩѾҵǰˣһ˫̧˳ƾͳץ˹
һǶȻǳǰѪģֺɣƺҪҵ
Ŀϸּһеľͷ£
һ¿ȫԼֱ۶ۣܹԴһҳĭŮʬȻ޷Ӧͷϰȥһ飬ͺϰΪһеĶûͣ£ָһͦˢľͲҵҼϡ
۵ý˳ѪҲ˳˿ڵĵطƺǵ⣬ǿɲ϶һĨЦ⣬ǲ֪һ㣬Ҽָʹѹѹ
۵亹ð˳ֽŶǶġҺܲģҪ֮ǰЩŹŹֵֹĹŪҲˣϾû취ԵģȫһʵʵܹҸоĶҪҹԼҲỳһԹ
ҽҧݣݺݵеľͷͲЩԽӿڵĵطݺһң
ءһ£Ҳ֪Լ̫ԭҸûоʲô谭ͺûйͷһӾʹԴ´Ů˵ĵͷһ·˳ײǽϡ
ԶӿΧЩ˵һû˼ǣֻŴʬѳȥŷ֣ûͷ⸱ӾȻԶеĶûͣ£
һʲôǶûˣֻĹһһºݺţһͻȻͰֱץסˣһ£תͷһŮʬͷȻһԣߵ״
һ˿־ĸо֪Ǻãۿһһһֲݵľ档
ʱҺȻһ죬Ϊǵˣǻûתͷȥ͸оϱһɺܴײһ£ʬϣոճǰɳһףͻȻǰһڣһۣ֪ײʲôˡ
ڣһ£ʬʱҷֿˣһԼѵŤš
һû״зӦһ˵˵ѽȥ㿴һ¾ͳ˽㣡
Ҹо΢΢ЩϤֱӳűһۣŷھȻһ߶λոڳˡ
Ǹ˵ˣǰլſϣȥҽԺС
ҿϲ⣬ǰҲСæĵػڶְɡӦڹֻǲԼôġ
СɫܲÿҳҺʬ˹û°ɣ⳵ðڴϺֱײģûɲסһ¾Ͱˡ
ƺǳίȻŴƺҲڱԹ˵ô֪˾ȻõҵӣȻҲᱻ̽
СһۣȻüͷһ˵Ӵλֵе찡
µŶ೤ʱ䰡ͰҸˣ
εһЦ˵˾˰ɣұԾͲá
˵꣬ҪǾʬ壬ָո̧ͻȻһ㶣˵ѽͷײˣ


68
û˵꣬ͼʬ嶯Сһ㶣˰ΣɫȻ䣬ȥһʬż˭ôֶ
һ䣬ҲٹǾʬ壬תͳܰҲһ˴æȥֵǣСûдӹĶ俪ųȥֻ۾һڶ
ƶţͺһûзӦͷһۣʬѾվˣֻܸӶ˳ȥ
ⶴģЩʪζǳţҼǱġС뿪Ҳſǰй⣬æӿٶȸȥҳȥԺ󣬲ŷҺСǴӹǰǴŵ˳ѹָղŸоôϵʪܵģǳš
һСžĳŹһģ˵żˣжԶ˦Զڻҡ
һƺЩ⣬ûа취һ¾Ϳˡգ۾ʧӾͷ
ּһһæСлúһᣬҶЩëģ˵ͷ֮ǰ͹һΣʱ꣬ڱˣôڸЩ򽻵
εЦһ˵һѾΪʲô
С˵ұǼеתƵģûжЩ޼ҿɹĻǶѡպõˣǰúõģͻȻһ߳壬û뵽㡣
Ѱ˼⹤ȷʵҲô顣
һû˵С˵ϢоְͺϴҽԺſǵϢһ
ҵͷ˵ʱҡ
ȻȻҲ̫ˣҲоǹܲˣѹͻȻ嵽ˡ
˵꣬СȻаһЦֹչң˵ҲܣôΪűӣжܵøҸطϴɡ
æͷ˵ӦõӦõġ˵ţʹƵķߡ
·ϻһ£ΪʲôողܴӶ飬С˵ҪֻܱһȥУ൱ڱ˰ɡĻǾͷöࡣ
ҵͷһЩղҺʬھʱ򣬹ƹպ·һ·ӦҺʬ嶼ȥ
ˣ˵Ĺżô£
СͷааһЦ˵żʬһְɣòɱ˵ƴģֱͷɣ֫»⣬ûʲôǣǲʲôˣȻôŪֶҪ캦ѽ
ҵͷĬһᣬû˵ҵ˭ǳҵġ
תһ룬ָоԣżȻ˵ʬƴյģɱǸŮ˵ģɱɱ˿ѵǾʬһ֣
һ룬ͺһæСʬżѵͲҪʲô
С˵ôܲҪƺҪͬ³߳˵ʬУҲϦ죬ⱾǴ˵ţ֯Ůӣšϡֻһˣʬһ𣬲бʬżĿܡ
˵꣬һۣ˵»𣬾;ⶫöԸֻǿһ£һû˭ء
ҡšͷ˵һ·ò׵˾ƵſڣСȴͻȻͣ½Ųҽȥˡ
ҿɫ֣ôˣ
С˵ô㵽ʲôطйɺֲܿϢţϴҲһѵЩҲ֪ģ
һ£˵ʲôϢϴҽԺﲻǸиŮ
ҿС⻰˵÷ǳ棬ҲûƭҵıҪ룬ѵҴǸŮﻹЩȷϾֻŮһ۾ܳˡ
Сɫ飬˵ȱȥϢ̫ǿˣȥͻᱻֵģѹһ¡
һǵһ˵ѹѪϢʱͺô
ûشֻ˵ţ漴ҿܵƵҪһƿϣܵ¥ϣ֪ЩʲôȻԺͻȻƿϵݸң˵
ҽӹҲ֪ûãŰɵĿһۣæߴ˵Ȱ
ŹһڣоζЩŹ֣֪ʲô˼ںüͷʲôζ
Сǳˣ˵ˣ֮ϢѹˣҲоˡ
ô飬Ժʲôùˡ
аһЦ˵Ҳǣֻʱѹƶѣԭȡ
ҾζȻŹһЩܺùÿ챻ͬĹ׷æʲô
ҲܲˣһЦ˵ͯ򰡣ûУ
Ҹйһڣôһ˵ʱһͷһܲ˵Ĳһ˵ϰ
ҼˮڣһģҲνͯǴģһ붼ˡ
С˲˵㼱ʲôҪҪǹоˡ
һҲǣȻЩܣܱû
ûں೶С¥
ŵģͺһҸоǹϢһ·ǰǰһֱͦףû뵽һ仰û˵Сʹߵҷſˡ
˵Թԣˢӡ˭֪ҷһۣҡҡͷʾҲ
ţת·ңǰ
һ·ңΪʱóˣҲʼײ
Ҫ˵Сұһƣóһһ˵ʲô˰ôʲôܶУ
ҿ˿ܣûмӵͷһȻôҲ·ңİοСŴ򿪡
ûгܷǳһᣬֻǵһ죬ѿһССķ϶ǳţ΢΢ƿһЩ̽ͷһɫʱͱˣ
ҿһãڷױǰһһеĻױʳϵһƤ軭ţ
Сһ˵Ҳ֪ʲôйǼСʱǱŻĹֵĽɫƤ


69
Ҳ֪Ѿ˶ãǹͷѾڣжͺһȻֻйǽڵŻʣһһϵƤﹴӷǳϸġ
Сһĭӷǳţƺǳ£ŵòҶڵ˼ͬҿ־֮࣬Ǿ⻭ƤʲôʱģһֱβҺ·ң󣬻˵·ң
ҶͷǼǺˮֱŷڵãֻƤϻ˺ܾãƺǳ⣬Ҹ
Ƥͺ·һ£ʼԼĹͷϡ
ҿ÷ǳƤֻҪ̾ͳѪܺͼ⣬νƤͷһףʱͳ·ңס
ϣˣһʲôûˣ̲סᡰһ
֪ô΢΢һ죬ͱ⻭Ƥˣͷˢһת˹ŷһۡ
ҺСһæ㿪˵ĶͨͨţҲҳһڡ
Сһ¶ͷĺˮͻȻ˵һ䣬ˣܣ
˵꣬ҷӦͷͳȥ
ҿԽԽԶû̸ȥﲻ֪תͷ·ңǹƽʱӦҲǸùţǱ־иѹ
΢΢ԥһ£̸СĽŲҷһܣָоܲζСǺ͹򽻵˶£ȻҲûвµĵ
ֱȹսǣתӿʱ򣬻ͷһۣŷ·ңѾŷһͷߣϵıҴûǿϧԹ֮ǳᡣ
ҵĽŲûͣ£ҺСһ·ܵ¥£ûͣӲܳһξ룬ͣվ·ߴŴ
ԭͷǳǱڵӸΧۣ˵ϵ·ʬżŪõģϻһƬѪ·˶ҿǣû˴ҲǼ¡
·ߣ˺һᣬŻ
Сһۣ漴һĴȣ˵ôûƭɣϴҽԺоҲϢ
ҵͷ˼ţû˵ҵúܣҲ֪ûشʲô
СӣϷʵıһЩ˵̷̷԰ɣȻҲ֪ǲˡ֪ʲô
ҵͷû˵
С˻ϻһھͣ˵ǹ˵򵥵ͽлƤձҲصĴ˵ŮĻ˺ӿֲǣԼϢƽʱ˵ģǿҲֲǹˣֻеƤ֮С
˵ţ̾һֵˣֵ磬ܶ㿪ǹֻҪһƤܻ˵òͷֲǼ١
ɲлĶǺ·ңڵΡ
һʼһӣûбֳ˿⣬ǶҲãҲã֮ǰҪûҶ֪ڻʲôΡ
ͨһαʣܶණҶˣ·ңеıīζ֮ǰһֱòŮˮоͦŵģڿȷʵƤϵī֭ζ
ҵǰ֣Ϊֻ䵥ʱжǺɽʱҲ·ңһͶȺҲɢˣȻҵʱûע⵽룬ӦöǶµĹϵ
ⶫȻֻҪһƤܹ˷ֲαͻȻ뵽֮ǰҸ϶Ůлʱξһ绰ҲʸڷˣȻʱнݵĹҲǵұʱӡ
ּݣӦֻĻлǡҪһܹαװˣܹ˵ģµΩΩФѱ棬ҿ϶ҲǷֱ治ġһж͵ͨˡ
·ңһôɲĹֺ֣αǰװһ˵̬ʵĿֻҪ޺ģһܽܣ㲻ҪҲûоܾαôȦӡ
˵·ңʵƤΪ˵ӣǲ·ңˣȡ֮
ģڵ룬·ңǹ·ңĸǲҲƤĶħ
ҴӾ￴飬·ңĸȷʵ⹫ЩԨԴûҪһһѹϵôӡ
·ңô׺ǼײʬҲãиŮҲãֳģֻһŮĵͳֺαô̬
ߣҵʱµּֽȷʵҵĲ֮ݱˣǲ⻭Ƥ·ңΪ˸ֽţ
ԽԽң뵽ĪԼЩɱҵ磬ʲôˣ컳ңΪ֪ͻȻһĵӣͷôܡôȥҹԼûȥα˵ˣЩĵĸо
룬С˵Ǹһ·Ҳûκ˺˼ҲǺ͹򽻵ˣҲйܲΪǻƤôȫ̷񶨰ɣ
СмĿһۣһĴȣ˵̷Ҳҵȷʵв˵Ĺͺһܻиƶı׼ǱĹҸô˵ɻƤҪǲˣҾԼѬ
⻰ô˵
СôйˣƤĹɣȻӰĵ߰ģһûģǻƤģûֳʲô⣬ǴߣñڷΡ´Ҫ˵Ǵˣ⻰Ҷͺưһס
ҳĬһ£СĻЩŰɣҪ˵֮ǰԼûۿ鶼ǲŵģڣۼΪʵ仰˵ûʲôãȫͿԼһһ˿˵Ļֻܵοˡ
Ŭţ֪ߵСȻһһֱӵԱߣſڵϣţߣǾֵɫ
ҿӷǳ֣æһôˣ
۾ɵôģ֧֧ᣬµ˵ˡͷһæͷһһӰվԼûб飬ҡ
ͣ³·ң


70
·ңңһʱ˶Ĭͺʧȥ
СǾŵĵһԵģҿӣӲϲţȻǷǳ¡ȣһĪĸӸУͺкܶ໰ǲ֪ôӺ˵
·ңһۣͻȻӣҪҵ֣ʶĶ㿪ˡһ£ͣڿУ˻ȥ
Ҳ֪ôģϵɫЩȻһᣬſڶ˵̷л˵
ûлش𣬾ӻͷûУֻĬĬЩΣһᣬ̧ҲǷԸ⣬һңתߡ
ֵǣҾȻûôվСһţæһ˵̷㲻ܸȥ
һͷһۣ·ңͬҲСĻû˵꣬Ӳ˻ȥ
֪ڵʲôָоͺÿײʱ־һкܶ໰Ҫ·ңкܶȷϣһȥǼԼҲûף֪ԭزСûһܹġ
һ£С˵ͷ˵һû£߰ɡ
С˵ʲô·ңǰȴʼղܰ뷨͸¶
ĬĬһᣬ·ңһңҲû˵һ仰뿪ˡ
һ·Һ·ңû˵һ仰оʱúµĵ·ҲûоͷһҲ֪˶ãǲŻصƵ
ǰ̨ķԱһۣҵӣѾˣҺֻǺĴһ£ûֳʲô
¥һֱҵķǰͳ·ңһǰһ˽ȥһأҵľһ
Ҳ֪Լʲô飬Ҫƽʱغܶࡣվſڣûߣ·ңһۣȻ̾һƺⷴӦЩʧ
ߵҵĴߣͻȻŴһ
һ¡¡죬ͺжײһ£˶̶̼ӣʱƽ
봲µŮѾˣ·ңôһٶҸӻֲ̿
ۿֻˣתҡ
Ҳ࿪Ŀ⣬ҿֻһߵǽڣһ㲻·ң
˿ڣƽ˵ԣҲ·ң
ͺɵһվڷͷҿݵ㡣ҵѹֵ˼㣬һ˳˵ΪʲôҪٰΪʲôҪӽң
΢Ĭһ£ſڵ̷ƭ㣬룬ʱʲô˺𣿲ǹҲˣҪǿԣΪҲúûͨ
һʱȻ˻˵ű£Ҿһ֮ҲףʵǹԼ֮ͺҳΪʱĸоһ
ôֱӵİ⻰˵ģԼҲû𰸣ֻǻʱҲϣԼܺúûϡ
·ңȻȻһЦɥɳϣŴ⽥ĵ⣬˵һŵʱҲûʲôӣǵˣžǰȻĿ㣬Ҳںõö࣬㿴ڵӣƤƯʼղԭҡ
Ҵ۾⻰ȻеĸоȷʵûʲôԲҵ飬ҵΪֹ˲æʼշŲִֵУ˵ԣ׻˵ı죬վųڡ
ҿǽϣĪȻȻعͷȫ˿˵ĵط
·ңȻһЦ˵Ϊʲô·ңΪʲôӽ㣿̷Ϊʲô
Ҳû룬ֱѿڵΪѪ꣡
ЦͻȻˣЩĸо˰ΣͻȻ˵ѪꡭҪǶʲôáҰ·ңֻΪįʱֵˣʱ㣬Ҫһߣˣ
ҵȻָ֪ģڶƵʱҡʱҷǳȷʵϣиŵܹҡ·ңʱʶģھ׶һ˳飬ȶָ׶İ˼
⻰ﻹһϲ·ңţ
Ȼվһ˵·ңȻţѵΪһẦ
һ±˵°죬˵һ䣬
Ϊʣǹԩ޳ҪʲôֻǰӶѡڻϼǱߣǧСء
Ҳ֪ôôڵӣǸŮˣҺѽ֮ǰǸϵһֻò˵
˵ոջңΪʲôҪӽ԰ɣ
ҵͷ
˵üһЩҴǰܹĶݣȻûܰҵæҼҲˣҲֲ֪жģӽ㣬ֻΪڰаһʱѡ
ᵽ裬üͷʱԭҲɾ˵ֺαװ·ңӣʱ䣬ϵ鷳Ҳûмٵơ
ҰԼ˵˳һЦ˵̷ЩˣǵԵģȻ԰Ĺ֣ҲһֱߣŬİ˵ģұϾˣһʱˣҲ
߽һּڣֻһͨ˵һеʱΪһˣܹһе㽫ϵЩֲһᾡԼϢʶҵݣ˱ҪʱҲᶯ֣ϵһ鷳ÿԼ
⻰ǳƣ˼ҪԼһͨ˵Ӵߣͺо˵ģһ˵ʹ࣬˳еֻʣ¶֮һ
һεĹʲôʶϣ֪㲻һˣܻ˻һϧվˣϧǣҷݡ
ҳĬ˺ܳʱ䣬֪ԻôȥһʼڵΪ˵ÿһ仰룬ȷʵΪҿǡϣԼǰһݣͺҵĽһʼͻ
ֻ˵һ䣬֪ǻẦ˵ġ
һ£Ȼתӳűȥ͵˵һ䣬̷ǻẦˣẦ㣬㺦£ҿ뿪㻹Ըңҷ㣬һʱ䣬úÿǰɡ
ûκλӦû뿪ıӰֻ£Źءһ죬ʱֻһվԭأŵذϵĻơ
˺ܾã£˫ţڵĸоͺվ·ڣǰ·ѡ·ңվһ·խģһİɭ
ұԴ֪óһ·


71
Ҳ֪Լƴ˶ãǵһعȶѾˣòײվ̧ͷʱ򣬷ֵѾˡվҼ֮λãңһ
ͻȻЩһܹҵõ·ȻΪ֮ǰӰŮĹϵҶĻٵġҺȻʱ򣬲ҲãǹҲգ˭ҵߣЩοΪҾͲĹ¼ҹˡ
ʱʧȥ̫Ķ·ңһԺĪЩ£ǰԼʱ޿ǹ޷ңʶһϵĸо
˻磬ݸߵƽʼնİԼ˸ǾͲڳ֮Ϊˡһʲô˼
Ҷ˶ȣַĸоܹʧŵЦһЦ
ңƺһ£漴ͻȻҲһЦֿͦɵӣĪͷһů
˹ȥڴߣһﲻҡһᣬǹҲпεĶԲԣ
û̻ش𣬶һ£ȻָָԼЦŵ˵ͷ
˼ҪǸֵεĹ֡ͻȻת˲٣йЦ˳Ц꣬ͻȻĬˡ
ҳŷſһۣŶ·ң˾ģķ˹ȥ
վ⣬һšҺܿĽŲȻһžʹˡ
·ңվź󣬾ңû̿˵նЩΡ˴Űӣ̲סſڣû뵽ҷʱ·ңҲҵ֡
˵̷ˣ
ͷЦһ˵ϴҲǰ취ǲǻҪȥ𡣲Ҳˡ
·ңһ£۽¶һĨϲɫЩ룬ҲԼĸġ
صһͷСšһ̧ͷʱҲŷмˮϻЦţ˵ʰ¶
ҵͷûм˵תʼʰҲط׼һ£·ңŪˣһ뿪Ƶꡣ
ƺΪ·ңĹϵԸֻԶԶĸţϴ󲻸˵ӡ
ܾͺСһԭͿɲԭʼĿ־塣
Һ·ң֮ͺʲôûһֻǰҺõĵַһһϵȥһ쿴˲ٷӣȻܶҶѾ㹻⣬·ңªЩȶ߶ˣźòҵһʺϵġ
ллأ·ңӾͺŮ˹ƵģȻŮһ·һЩԲ
һӺܴ󣬶ҷҲ٣Ҿʲôȫһϵķ򸾣˵£̬ȶͦƵģ·ңҲǳ⣬һ£;ǵͿסʡȥ鷳
һ׼׵̵ɳϲһŮϽܻҪĸоϢһᣬŻ·ңһڰԼƷһһӰóҵͷһۣôˣ
һڣָоЩŤڸýʲô֣ܻ·ңɣϾҲ·ң
Цһ˵û£ʲôУԼ֣ˡ
һ£ԼȡҲ׵ҲܹܲŮƤĽû취Ǿ·ңƺԺƺ·ңҲûʲôĻˣȫͬͬպˡ
·ңûʲôЦЦû˵
һᣬ˵·ң㿴ôǲڣߵĹٵ㣿
תͷңߵҵߣͷһģЦ˵֮ǰ˵ˣǲģôôܲܿ˷顣
æ˵ǣֻҼ죬㿴ңͷϵˣûһõطôȥûѧӦأƾȱЩ۵üүˡ
·ңĬĬһᣬҼͷǼʬżŪѪ̾Ϣһ˵ðɣҰһʱ䣬˺ˣҿɾҲˡ
һЦæͷúãǰһҲǺõģм
һЦͷһ£תȥʰԼĶ
֮߰죬ûзκ飬ҼŶ̤һֻ￴裬֮⣬һŲܡ
ΨһҸое鷳ģ飬˵ʲôǲϽţ棬ģѰ˼˺Ժ󣬳ȥҼڣ棬Ҳĵöࡣ
ѵùô徲ӣȻʱ̣ܶҲģһ˵о
һŷ֮ǰʬżϮ飬Ȼ÷зģϵǹϢ
Ҵſһ£ϷƣԼۿʬӵ׷ˡݣ׾ǵһʱڣ⻹⡣
ҺʬżƴƵҲϷ贫ƾǵʱվӿԶԶΧ۵Ǽϴġ
ҵǣƵȻͦյģһֻ㣬ǾýԶܹڴ򶷵Ӱ⣬ϸڣҵҲֱ治
עҲǳ̨࣬ˣҲΪʲôģһֵ̽ĽĿʼ˵øʲô˴¥׹£ʬ帴ǾŪԽԽãǺͱ˽սĿ
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˵ţͷͶ׼¥ǰЩҵӺ͸·˵Ϳʼ˴;Щϣ׹ͲϼڵϣܻˤúʹԶԶûдôأҲǷġһʱڵҶΪѾˣ󻺺һ£վˣһʱ£Ϊʲô˸ˡѾ㲻еˡ
ͷһתͻصݲ˵ƵרҾЦˣ˵͵ĶʵкܶˡƵٵˮƽҪЩԾѶġ
ΪʲôרҴ𣬱Ĳ˵㿴Ρ
ָƵŹһ°ʬżͷɵľͷ˵˵ľ׵ȻԴԷǳǿҿӹ˶ֵԲһ¾ܽ˵ͷӼϴɳȥ߱˵ǹӣǶһЩĵҪһ¾Ͱ˵ԴҲǺܲ׵ġ
֮Ǹ֤ЩƵʵԡ
ĿʹȻȥ٣ϾҲһ𰸣ٷ˵ǲŵģȻвͬðʱһͺ֮ǰĳһŲţѾۣͲ֮ˡ
ЩĿЦѣһǸ̾ûϣܹǹȥˣһҲЩרҵǼ٣˵ôĵ
ҴУҲûע顣
ְӣֻһܶ㣬ϵ˺˲٣Ҳû뵽һоôˡ
ǻҹ˯ģģȻҵĴһƣȴʲôҲûС


72
ұΪԼ˯ԺˣʵĿһۣȴûзκ쳣ת˯£ͻȻءһ
ǰһ¾Ͱ˯ˡҴӴ˵ƣ˳·ϣŵߵߣոƿ̽ͷ濴ȥ
֪ͷոȥ߾žһ죬һûӦͼһӺһ³ϣоͺ˵һȭ۵æס
ʹŴ⿴һۣǵվ棬һһ³ҴۿˣɫһţͻȻͰԵһװһ²ؼӡ
һǰǿˣŻЩתһվŵˣȻС
һ£ȴҲûټоЩ֣ҪѯʣͼСһꡱƣʾҲҪ
֣תһ룬ʶΪǺ·ңĹϵų˵ͷȻתѹŽŲ·ң֣Ȼ˳
Ҹһţӭװһ޹ģЩЦšСĲɾ̫ˡ
Ҹ߳Сͳһ½קסҾܣŪЩֲܳóһξ˦֣ô£
СһͣסŲͷңŷȻˮǾǽ˵̷û취ֻˣҰɣ
ҴҲûСһ϶ˣȻҲôһϺæҲǳżæ𼱣º˵
Сǽקסңͺһ˵̷ȾҰɣû취ˣѾסˣҺòײ˳ӻڹأҪˣҲˣ
ע⵽СϸûºͺҵһοֻǸѡôǸƵĹ֣ҪˣȥҲܰʲôæ
Сͺ϶һǲ֡
˵ôȸҷʲô飬мＸҲ֪ģҪܰ϶㡣
Сһϵᣬ˵Һ͹Ѿ׷ɱöˣ֮ǰһֱҶ㿪û취ˣҶǳǲע͵˳ˣϢڣҵõ
һʲô°͹ؼҶᱻ׷ɱҲǸΣְҵæʲôġ
СһҾסˣ˵ǸŮǰһǻܣ˸ˮ·סˣ
һŮʱлˣŮ˲֪ҪʲôѵӴҪϾɱһ־òԣС˵ĻлһиͲ֪һţҺСҲСΪ֮ŷ飬ѵ˵ҵһһȻڰעţ
Сڷǳȣһ˵һǰߣæס˵ȵȣŮǸû취ԸģԼ֪ٴοˣҪһȥ·ң֮ǰǸƤа취
Сһô˵һ¾Ͱҵָ˦ˣң̷ɵǼɵ֮ǰѾ˵ˣŮĿʲôûĵģ
ҼС·ң⣬æͼ䣬Сȥ˵ƪ仰ûУΪΪʲôᱻ׷ɱΪȥŮĿ̷ѰɣͶŮһģ
һ㶣ʱЩ㱣ʶķһ䣬˵ܣ⼸ҪûҶ֪϶飡
СֱţأΪʲôȥұҪ㣬ΪйϵҪȥˣû׼ܹһôͲϰ
·ңӣ˵ĻЩԻ
Һһײϵľлҷֲʱ·ң˻ڵĻƤɾǴһοʼҾͱ·ңһѵˣ֮ǰĿ֮⣬Ҵûлɹ룬С˵лһģǵʱһУȫпǹòȡθеġ
СҲᵽǴӦҪҵҲպú·ңĻǺһ
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Сԥһϵˮң˵̷ǰңǲ
ĮƺЩʧһǰ֮ǰСǰҵʱҲûôԥڱΣգôԺô
뵽Һݺһҧ˵϶ھߣ
СΪЦ˵Ź
ҵͷûж˵æǰܣҹĴϣһӰûУһ·ֻõԼĽŲ۵ÿڸСҲͣ
ҳǰһǰһʩ¥ڵϹģ¿ص˯ˡ
Ск˵ߡ
˵꣬ЩǽȥӰһ¾ʹ͸ȥʧ
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ֻ߷죬һҲ֪ϵ˼¥ĿܹСҲ⻹ûнõĴ¥ﳯܡ
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Сֳ˸ƣȻͷ¥ߡƹǽСͣͺ񾯷ƬԵ׵ľһǽڣСĵͷ濴ȥ
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лߣȻһ̫ţͣҰ׵ͷҲЩǰ߹ţȴԵķֱ
ûпߣ̫жһ룬¥˵ĹЦǴзġ
ڸȥʱһʲôͻȻһɣۡһŹһˮҶʱһҽУ϶ʱˮŪһܾС˵ˮˡ
СĲ״ȭͷһûס׼ǳȥҸסǸˮ̫źȻٺһЦ˵Ȼǻˣ˱һ
лͬЦһ˵ղž͸оˣֻǲ֪Ǵʲôʱ
ĵſǲѾǷˣڵأҲǰ׷ѡ
ǻҺС÷׼̫źȻֺһˮ߾ǡۡһڣȻǼһξ룬ǿˮͺҵļһɿ쳯
СһһСģ絽ģ
ǿˮٶ֮죬ȻˣĶȥȫ
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ɾʱֻಡһ죬ֻоʲôҵĶ˹ȥһºǹˮײһ𣬶ʱķѿ
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ôһ룬ҿһɫںڰ֮У˳żʸϵĺȼ¥ճһƬɫ
лɫЩţŻֵԴͷһ˭
һ䣬һĽŲյ¥һһǱƽ
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˵߶Ǹ˵ӰԽԽźϵĻ⣬ݽŹϱżͲ֮⸱װȫݣϴŸƣɫ˿ûзɵļ
ҴԼ۾ìܶ˵Ϊĳ֣еĲеĿ־ʱɢˣ
󣬻̲ס֣


73
Ҳ֪Լôģ֮ǰֲ²⣬ͻȻһ¾ͱʵΣĺֻһξ
Щɫںϲȼţһ¥յһƬÿ϶Щɭˣһһ߽ͣ
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лҲףͻȻһ˵㾹Ȼţ
ٺһЦɴ۾ֱ˵Сүأ
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Сŵæȥֵң̷ô£
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лǱһûͻȻЦˮ̫ſһۣ˵ɣһĶѰ
һڣһ˵ܣ
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һһŶ֣Ƕȴˮ̫ŲסôҲѲڵعһ˦ͰסҵĲӡ
˵ģҾǣͷһʱ;òԾ
лôһϣҲ֣˾ͺʳƺڰκһڿУֱͦͦţӿǣһǰҲϵӲûҸ
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һ־ĸоûУܶЩѾϰΪˡôһӣҾԼˣҲܱȶһ̫һˮҪõöࡣֲȷڵĶǹֻò೤ͣҲҪȻŵʱС
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ҵͷ˵һ仹á
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ûлشңתȥĿɨͶһˣͻȻſڣĵ̷˶ɱˣ


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·ң⻰һܶʱһ㱻ΪԼˣ˵ıңһɱĻȷʵ˼
ҸסҪЩʲôǻûڣˮ̫һЦҲҵĻصһƤ
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ǿӣҵȴǳӣ߸˵Դ˿̵·ң˵ĿɬС
֮ǰһж˵ôǵʱֺһһᣬ̡
л˾ȻһôҲ˵СˣҲңԲҪȥӽˡ
֮ǰ·ңȫûбֳ˺˭ӣС˵ô飬ʼԸĻѵϣǹƪǿ˵ÿһֶǻԡֻ˵̫ȥˡ
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Ҳҽһֱӳȥ־ʹĸоʱӿôһʱ䣬۳һ亹
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ҿ񣬼΢΢ЩƺЩ̣ɻǲַ׼ҵļʸʱ־òԣлһǰαô£ܵǡ
۵ҪһƬң벻ڵ״
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Ҿọ̈ǻ˵һĲֵҲɮҵԳϣǿҳڷáѪꡣ벻ǻʲôĿġ
·ң·Ҳ¶вһһƽȥ˵ԣԼܲɱ̷
һ䣬ͺܵĶһһ΢ĹеļѾ˳ǻûɳ岽ԶǼͱ·ңһʱ͸·ңϡһ֣·ң˿ӦûС
ǼģϴڳһһӵĹȫˡǾȻ·ңû˿Ӱ졣
һæ֮УҪ·һ·ңûиᣬѾǰһֻ̧һ¿סʺ˳һᣬͽ棬ǽ֮ϡ
ǲϷ䣬ϰļʸ·ңͷϴȥҿУһһ£á
ֻ·ңЦû˵һ߾ʹСһеľŷԼղŵעȫڶ·ңϣСڹֱлסˡϷǳˮ̫һ취ûС
ǰһ϶Ļᣬɴ·ңһƾȫתˡǼ˿ûȥĿܣ
̷
ſڵϣÿһ¶˺ѷεۡһںңڱ·ңɫ˫ڿвҵţѾ˵ֻֿǳ·ڵȴҵľԮ
֮䲻Ǽʮľ룬оȴôңԶҼѵڵţҪȥߣʼ·ң֣ͣҪ˺
·ңû˿Ӧƺʱ򣬾Ѿ¶ҪСһȫɱ
Ҹо˺ܾãֻСһξ룬ֻǳھѾǳѡ
ҿڣ˵϶ģһŪҪʲô˼
Ժежͣˣһ˲һƬհף·˳˼
˵ǶˣѪûˡ
΢΢һҺȻˣҪѪ꣬ҪһţȻûʲô£ڣΨһܾǵˡ
ô룬˿ϵļʸֿ˿ڴĶԼһ¶Ǳǻţһڷˣңǣ
¶ģݺһҧһֽʸĩסþȫ·ңһ˵ſǣ㿴
΢΢һ£ȴûлعͷƺ˵Ļ
Ҽ˵ûãϼæҪʸӼϰγҴûôʹֻһ£亹ð˳ողźòֹסѪֽ٣
·ңżˡʱعͷҿһۡ
ҺĿһŷ֣İȻѾˣһƤڶߣ¶һڵĿݹһϵó·ңģ
Ҵһ˵̷ʲôѵĲҪԼ
ЦһĻ˵˳Ҫģʲô¡˵ˣӹ죬Ƿܹţ˭Ҳ֪
һ΢΢һ£һϵļʸһ°˳


75
һѪӼϵ˿˳۵üûУɴ˿ɼЩӰνʱһԶƭ˵ġ
·ңһ£סʹһ˦˾ͺһֻûлӣһ¾ͱ·ң׳֮⣬ءһˤڵϣô
Ŭһѵ֨һ䣬пڣŷһЩ
·ңվǰңһûƤϣڵ۾ͺһûе׵Ԩ
һȻЦһЩԳζ
ң̷ʲôΪԼˣҾͻŹǣ
ŬһԼٵĺ˰Σŵ᲻ŹǣҲֻʣԼһˣһˣ
·ң΢΢ͷ·֪ԼҵĻһ㣬Ĭһᣬŵڻ಻ţҴǰ˵Ļûƭ㣬ǲġ
Цһ˵Ҳǵ˵ϵ⻹ҪԼҽķʽȻǱһЩ˵ʵĲںˡ
·ң΢΢һſͣȴʼûзһ˿һֱڵĴ𸴣еļʸֱָԼλãû˿и
һᣬȻȥһǰлˣĮĺһ䣬ְͣɣ
лˮ̫һ£ͣԼĶȻϵı鲻ΪȻԶ·ңЩ£ҲĻ
ֻܿõסôɲĿʼվãݹ֮£У·ңУʼղô֡
лߵߣǳĬվһԣ·ڵȴ·ңķԸٶתףһۣ˵̷Ȼôҽ֣ǱߵӣסɣҲٻȥˡ
оϲ֪ΪΣȴһȻĸоһ仰Ҳûлشֻǵͷٿһۡ
ô룬һ΢̾Ϣģʹ뿪ĽŲԶȥû߳ԶŲȻֶһ£·ң˵̷㻹ҵġ
ҵ㣡
һ죬ͺһشݺһ£Ҳ֪·ңΪʲôô϶ͺ飬ڻûнϣһˡ
ҿˣһɣϵľʹٶϮû֧סһ¾͵ڵϡ
æܵҵߣϵıǳżңһûˡ
ӵһǵѪգͺһӣϻִѲ˷ܱ顣
ҺٺЦһȻҲ˹û߼ҾͿǵһºȻ˦һӣžһֱڶŲ֮ǰƺǳǰ
һ죬ȵҪ
˵ӣŸֹŹֵı飬ƺڿŶ׼
ҽǵľٶУûеֻ˵үòˣȰҽԺô
СǸĵģӹײײĳһ˵õңҽԺȥô̷֣Ҳñ
Ȼ⻰Ǹм㡣Ҳûһ°ҴӵϱȻͳ͡ѾãӸһϳûʲôˡСȻȻȥǹûʲô̫Σա
Կֻҡһ±ԼˣǹɿڳζҪںǰţҺѳŲ֪һôˣľһţֱӰҸ˽ȥˣ֪ԼܻܲŸϵҽԺ
Ҳһͺһڹϣ˵ҵ죬ζӲˢİɣ
ҲǸƣû뵽˻˼ͶЦ˵ûôˢ
ҽסСľھ׵ˣĸ첲һӶ·Ҳ
ǺܿҽԺǾһ˵ĥҲűǴӹ˳
ſǸĺʮֵơʱӿһֱĸо⻹ûһ£ѾεֵطˣԺ֪ҪΣҪVIPҹԼʸһš
ǽȥܿҽҼ˿ڣһᣬʶǣôŪģ˳ˣ
ҲܱʲôٻԸװ÷ǳָ࣬˵Լüͱġ
ҽһŵĹͼʸһ˫۾ǲεĸо˵ȷ
ĵ˵ģ˵ǰҶȰҪЩˣôΣգ
ôһ˵һԵĵԱ߲ҡͷָָңָָ·ҪҴĻԣϧҽŪƣ򶡶Ŀֶ˼˿Թ
Ҳô˵ˣҲ岻ֻСһ̫Ѩƺͷ۵ӡ
һסԺʮ죬Ǽң˿ڻָĺ;ûзʲô顣
Ժ󣬸оûй徻ʱ򣬶͵ͺ˳һ͵ôһͨǶһ˵㵸ıȻţϱףҸ˵Щʲôӻܳ
ֽǳƣǲвҪ˲Ÿġôģ
Һ˵ʵһ£ɷµ˵ɱ˰ɣǰһò˳ģ֪ôԼӡ
Ա߷ۣû
˵ˣֵΪɱԹƽҲýѣͨǻԼĵط߲ȥظ顣ÿ춼ظһԼḶ́Ƿǰһʹ࣬Ҳǳ
˵һۣ˵Сүǲͬģ
˸ӵƣݺݵĵһۡ
ǰС˵Ҳ֪ƺںܶڽᵽɱһôֻ̹֮ǰھƵǸӣʵЩΪʱڲŻҰҡ
ĲұȽϹĵڻϼ֮ҳ֮ǰһΪѾˡȷĸңڻúúõģ
֣˵ϡ
һһᣬ˵ǸʵԿҰɣңǸ
ҷǳɻô¡
ſڸҽ˰ٹҹһϣұȺΧס߹֮顣ᵽ߹ţһ£СİѷŹϣƺ͵һȷֻңе֮Ȼһְ̧ˡ
Ҳ֪ʲô˼һӣȴĪһ¡
ϣ߼ʼտڵλãȻһɫƬǣǳĿ
ҾȵĿţһ£ûô⣬˵ۣǹ˵㣬ͦÿġ


76
Ҳ̲סһ£һƬƬɫۣÿһƬĴָָôЩӲҸ䣬ͺ񶡶һƬһҹĵһ£ջȻɫȷʵÿϣоô졣
ңʱ߹ŵҧסһ¾жˣֱߴӹ˹ȥΪԼûˣû뵽ԼܻңⱲѵһκˣԼСȥˡ
Ҹ̾һѾȥˣоա
˵ʱҲˣ鷢̫ͻȻҲֳ棬Ҳŵò塣
Ӿͺʯһʱֻܱߣָܶһ¡߹һֿĹĹ֣ȻƽʱǳټҲġ
ûָԼܹ
ţоԼĹҪǸˡҲǾǸʱߺȻֻͣһȺӰԼΪ׵һŮˣôһ˵Ӧþҵ衣ЩӦþһ֮顣
ԭǳ־ģұһȺ̧ţͿﺦ£˵ֻǿ裬˭֪һڣסˡ
˵ĵһ仰ǣ㲻£֪Ķӣ
ھȵķӳӦñȶʱҪСö࣬ϾѾ֪̫̫ǰġ˾֪;̫̫ĹϵҲʲôֵˡ
˵ԭǳҪһֱĹĸоһҷӳ䵭ϱԹ˵ôؼĵطҪʵı飬ǵڵĻʰ
Һ͵ͬʱһۣȫûһᣬҪƬһ֣ʾұĹ¡ֻȰĻȥѹ˵ꡣ
ʱûзӦ˵Ƿֻɵſǰİٹ
Ȼ賯߹źһ䣬̫Цһһ̧ס߾ͷ׷˿صϡ
̫ŶǵʱϱҧĵطۣѾõļҲ
裬Īĸо·ʲôʱһ㣬Щ벻ֻǻղ˵Ǿ仰ץʲô˿ܱסҲǺõġ
ֻվߣиӰݸһֻѻ
ʲô˵ѻ͹껥ͨϢһֹߡ
ѻ˹гһݵǰ˵ҵϢԼɡ
û붯ȴˡЦһŷӦæ߹кһ̫ʼչЦţĥ͸˼ǰͻȻеߴһһָͷмָ׻ƵߵƤһƺɫѪʱƿڵĵطʳһһ붡С
˵ζⱲҲȥˡ
ëһȹСͯ򣡲⻰Ͳʺ˵ˡ
ȹѪ֮󣬶һЩ֪ǿܹӣоϼ֮ǰõĵط·ץһоǳôֲֳֻ֣ܱʹȻӹ̫̫һۡ
ٺһЦңдʲô
һƣ˵ô֪ϻ˵콲
ƺЧЦһݺֻ̣ܶһ仰ԭˣŵ˼˵Ѫ꣬Ǳ֣֮ûа취ֻæҿʵҺͼ裬ҼңֻǴ࣬ˡ
ҳĬûгն⻰ڶȥ̫̫ң˵̫̫ʵں豣ϵͬʱ˽¸軹һЩҾͲˣ٣ôʶˣ̫̫̬ȣбҪô𣡶лú˵ǵòҭŵģӲһһ仰˵Ūˡ
ûע⵽ұı仯һЦ˵̷㲻֪ɣʵı£ǺѧģȻҵʱ֪裬룬Ȼ
Һ䵭ġŶһԾ̫̫಻Ҳûֳֻʶ˵ҿһѪѪˣһܿʬˣôڡ
һ˫۾˵Ǻˡ
ʱֽݣǳ죬ΪҲû뵽ǰ·һֻŮˣȻԼļйôĹϵҲûн˵ݺϵһ
ǿǿӵٹǰоԼͺһ׳գ·˶֪ľֻһ˱ڹ
ָоҷǳ˽⣬ԼĸдҪȶʢ࣬һʼã֮ԽԽ࣬һЩ벻ˣñİҲǣ棬ΪƽʱΪԼ̫Ϥڷǵһ棬Ż𾪣Լ뷨
һ֮䵽׷ʲô飬ڻϣܹһ𰸡
Ƕ˵ʵҲ֪ʲô̫̫ôɻǶЩֲֻᡣ
Ŷ߽լ֮ǰΪʲôʧȥãɵٶȽȥŷǰúѹ󷨣ǰȫͲһΡ
·Ѿ׼һУҲ档
ֻѹƵͭǮͺԼŪҪ٣ÿĸӳһΣﵽ⣬Ÿһһ󣬾ͺ˹һһһȼյģǶǰõĴĻ棬Ƕδ깤Ĵ¥￴ɫ
˵ôоƺˣԭһЩԭ򣬲֪͵ѧģġ
˵ۿұڹײġʱһԿţʲôҿǸֽ֮ŷ֣ԼѪ꣬ȻôһʵҲǳǣֻ뿴ʲô취ܹ
Ҷһηǳ棬𶡶ڽ¥˵ģѾΪһֻƫһҾ̫Ҫ˻Ͳˡ
붡ȴ˵˲ң㣡
һ£˵û
ܿ϶ĵû͸㱻ԺҶڻȪ·ˡֻҪôӣͲܻùˡҲһ˵
ʱ˵Ļ˵ӽ쿪ʼˡ
ڿڹײϢʱȷʵһʱ䣬ֻǱ˼ʱ˳ǿȻ
ɻʱҴӹײŪˣѵ㣿
ʼ磬˵Ҳ֪˭Լæأﻹʱء
һҲǣҲ˲Ϲңֻ֣Ҽ˵ųˣڶһѡҲǽҴӹײȳ˵˭


77
üͷ˵ͱˣҲϲȥġ
̾˿˵ͷֻܼѹ¸ȥ
ʱԺͺһһֶæŲãֻɵɵվһԣµӡ
ֱǰҧסߣͻȻԺӴôֵһˣһŲһŤǰ
ҹȥǰľĿֻǴߣҲ֪ҪЩʲôֻԼߣȻǲ˳һ˦
֣ƺҪ˽Լģ棬Сǲ˴ӵϱ߾ʹһԣȻһֱѪڣûҪҧ˼
ϸŲ˿һۣ÷ǳ£ЩŻȸĵ˰ֲڡÿһĲߣǾѡģٺ֫ԽԽò˼顣
һԣ˾ȻԼһҲ˶١Ȼֵĸо·˾Լһ
ʱߣһ£ΪǰľҲǸӲģԱֵ÷ǳأڳİٹȽĻ˵һ¾ͱչ׽ıˡ
ҲԼķִ磬֪ʱο⻹ϵԼء
ܹķֻһһͬͬͬȥͺһĿ顣
΢΢ЩԾⲻ൱ھȻһȴһ޹
һۣһҼϣ۵һº˳˵̷ʾǵͣ˵ʱҪ
Һ޲ֱӰӲȥ˭ûлֵء
˵ҲǹˣȻû׼ܻٻЩⲻȥģһʱЩΪѣҲжĳĴɷԼܻ϶ֱӾֻܾǹǸӣһʱЩԥ
ƺ˼Цһ˵õķԼʱ䲻࣬ʱһҹҲܹҵһͶͬ˳Ҳ˵ⷽȻã㡣
ҲڣŷǰԼΪñĻʵ̫ˡַ
ƺһжǽȥˣҾãˣ챻Ʒˣ˺һ޹޹飬Ӧûġ
ȻҪﶡʱ϶һжѾˣܸܲ˶ԺԼȥɱһô
һеİ취ȻͬҲҪһЩۡ
æʲôͳԱߵĲһָ˵˱Ͼһȱ꣬ĳҲûа취İ취
һ£·һһ˵ҵʱڹײϹŵһѵ㣬ǲˣ
ͷ˵԰Ǹ
Щȣϸһ£˵԰ҵʱϵƤ٣ֶûʲôˡ
һۣ˵̷̷һôˣʶôô٣˵ǸʱѾиľˣûУ֮ǰϵֽˣѵһײǵʱô
æ˵ȵȣҵ˼
Һһοֽ˵ʱȻǻ˵ȷʵͳʲôͬȻЩ֣ǵʱҲûϣȫ˼ҵĶȤζˡǷֲԾӺӾ￴ǼһֽԺ
ѵ˵ֽЩҲ˹ѱĵز
ҡҡͷ˵ûʲôѱģʵ˲Ǻֱֻܴ治ѣҪ˵ѱ棬ѵܱȵߵĻƤ
˵ţӵĿһۣ·ң΢΢ЩΣæٺһЦιȥ
ֽ˵ʱķǸαװɶӣϷһЩѪմȾ˵ζ
Щ˵ͦ򵥵ģлҪһڡ
æⶫȥңѲ軹ܴЩٹһ
ұΪôЩѧϾЩֶǳ£ñ˳ճ˵˼·ѷڣ˵һãŪðٹ췴ҡ
֪ң˵ѵ㻹бķɡ
ҡҡͷ˵ô֪
ĳĵ̷ʵʱͦģعʲôҲԹȷʵȽ鷳ܹԦô͵Ĺ֣ȫŷ˵
ҵͷ˵ۼˣʱ˵ҶѾò˼ˡС˵˵ӦѪԭ
мĺһ˵Ѫô㲻Լô֣һ㳼ûС
⻰һڣʱüͷȻңָָԼ
ҺͶӣоЩģǿһˡ
⻰еҵ϶ٹԼֲˡҲûֹС˿˵ľѪǹؼ֮ҪôҿɾͲˡ
˵ѪٹǰԼмԦٹȫ뿴㣬úõڴϣͻȻһˣ㻹ƲסԼжһĳŴϹȥô룬϶޲ðˮʮ˴ΣԱЩͻȻĹŪ㣬ҲǺεġ
һ˵ͲҸõĶôûҲȴ߲ټ
ɫһ̧ʼ磬˵νˣ𲻴ġ
ҺΣֻ˵õãЩŽ
˵ʱҲǳǵ飬ΪĹϵڳԺİٹ֮⣬Ҳꡣ
Щ趼аţöѪ֮󣬺Ȼöú߰סԼߡһæ˵ҾͶˣǾߣǰĻǰһ
һۣ˵㶮ë
ұһҲ˵ˡ
Ȼͬǰ꣬ϾǶˣԶҲףĻȫʲôá
ȴǳ϶ֻö·һᣬҲˣŷԼļ֮ǰҧĵطЩɫƬ
һĻɰѶŵò壬Ҳ֪⾿ô£Щġ
Ҫߴȥٵýǵ϶ΪһһʧԺЩƬ᲻࣬ͺߣһַʽڶһǶҪĴۣ
ΪʲôҲ¶ۣΪַûһ£ܱԼȥɱҪúáҲʹӦˡ
׶۵ڵѾ˲٣Ժ󾿾ʲôӣҲ󲻳
ʲô
Դһ£˵ӣ飡


78
һ顱֣ʱôֲĸоͺ񶡶ʱðһһ֮ЩģҲûôںŰǸѹȥ
յʱ߸Ҳ˶һ֣ͺ϶ΪһȻȥһ롣
׵ʱΪʲôῴ߲ĲӹϵһĻԭΪ߹ŵϣû뵽ԭ֮ǰôһ鷢ǹϵĲˣӦҲȥһ֡
ʱ򶡶ΪʲôʱǻȻûо˵ʱֻҲʺ϶˵
ȻᵽҾͲòͶ߶ˣ벻壬ͺƾ޹ʵĽҷŽײģȻһ顣ȫ֪ôʲô塣ܽ⿪ˣС⣬Ҳֻжˡ
Ұҵʸû̻ش𣬷ͻȻĬˡ
ҿⷴӦԣֲΪʲôֻĬĬĵĻش
һֱ˺ܾã·˳˼һһ˵̷֪֪ⳡζʲô
ҡҡͷֿܣʱÿһ仰Ҷǹʱ׹½ңҺúô룬ͺ׼Ҳһ
Լᷢʲô䣬ͺԼʲôʱͻȻɹ߳һñŰıŰһû䡣
ѵõĳأң˵ģʵǳ֮󣬺ܶණˣֱֻ仯ôԣҲû˸ͣŲ׷ʲô顣
˵Խ࣬ʵԽżնƢ˵ͻȻ᳤βҶܹܵġһҾ;Щڳأҿյףһʱܻܲˡ
̾˿˵ʵ飬Ҳܼ򵥡̷룬ᣬ֮ô
ɻü˵ôҪǰǾˣһзնûˣڣ˾ǳԩѡ
˵ǰΪͨ˸֪ǵĴڣһжˣʵǻ˸ᣬʱ߸룬ʲô෴ġ
̯̯֣˵һû˼
¶һֿı飬һۣ˵ŮĻȻǶԵģ̷㵱ѾϺȵģҵ˼˵ᣬͳ˹Իŵ˵ͳһֲڵĶһ˱֮Щ˵ˣһǿҲ㡣ͳ״ӹֵʧˣ
ĬĬһ£˶˼Ļ˵൱һ޷ˡǳ֮ı顣
ʵȴڲϵײϵҪǿҵĴڡĻᾭЩ顣
Ƕ˵ûе仯Ϊȷʵţһľͳһ˹ֵܷĴˡ
һͻȻͦʧģѾˣʱӾ꣬ҲãǹҲգС˿ңңָоĲȫͬʵڲұĴиƨãѵȰҾôȥȻͳ׺绹Щ鷳ˣ
˵ȻֻһֿǶѡôǰᣬϣܹšѵû֣ʵ֮󣬶ŮǶûҹ鷳иƤΪ˲ȡΣһһεİ㡣
һҲǣȻ֮󼸴ζоգǰ϶ЩԼܹѵ顣лһʼڣ֮ͺͻȻʧһ
˵ص㣬һᣬѪһᡣ
˵ֹ֪Ǵڳģһڵ£ʲô
һۣΪѪǼܼ򵥵ңҪԼѪʮУѪԺѪȻȻΪˡҪһѪ̾ͻ״̬˭Ҫ˭ߡѪһ壬֮Ϸı仯ͬҲѪϣһѪͻʧκ˶ҲĴڡ
ǰĵ׹ЩɬʱʵͲҪһʼţֻΪɺ鷳̫࣬Ҫܹܣҿ϶͡
ôǰѪһҲⶫΪʲôҪҲ˵ԭ򣬵ڿ˼ϣⶫκ˶ûа취ȥ
һ˼ʶ˵˼ҪѪĻǾͱ뱣֤Ҳ
ͷĳһ˵ҵˡ
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ҪѪ꣬ͱ뱣֤ҵİȫԾǵˣҲ֮һ±轫ˡ֪ЩԵʱڴ¥Ÿ޼ɵĳΪףҪһţ
ʶҪѪֻ꣬ҪȷһžͿߣαЩ顣
Ƕ˵Ѫϵϵǿ˲٣һ˼ǲɷ룬ѪԽԶþԽСҲͬԽԽ֮ǰֻҪɱңˣͲڲͬˣڳһȺҰߣһʱ̵;״ɱ鷢ǹҪֹҲǼ׵飬·ңҲ
˵ǰʱҵһ⿪ˡұȽϹ֮󶡶Ҫû£Ϊʲôϵһ£о̫̫ǱߣҼҲͬһʱ䱻ûˣҲǲ֪顣
ҪǶȿˣ˵ղŲʲôҪô
һûӦһᣬʶǶְֵ飬ˣһȾ̫̫軹Ҫиˡ
ĸȶûʲôæһԵĹֻ췢ҵƬݵǰָž̫̫Աߵʵ㿴ϲʶˣ
ӹһᣬȻסһָľ̫̫˵ѽǱˣעĻҶûˡЩģҰְ֡
üͷЩأӣӦûûʶ飬ȷ֣
ֿһᣬ̧ͷң˵ͷ˵϶ǣȻҰ磬СʱʱҲЩҲǸ˵
˵һӣǳᶨ֮ǰ˵ҲŪܾúèצһָƬ϶֣˵֮Ҽˣ
һ£۾ɵôģ˵㲻˰ɣҰֵĹҶûˣȥ
˵ҿ϶ǹԺòıɣ
˵ͷ
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ңû˵۾Щǣ󣬻Ƿǳ϶ĸ˵ⲻܣҰ˺ܶˣȷʵҪۻˣҪǡ
ҿͻȻͣ²˵żҪôУ
۾תһ£ƺԼҲȷ˵ҪһҰֳһģһˣ
ʱ򷴶ãҪ˵иһģһĹҿ϶ţҪ˵ˣһòף˫̥ҲȳҲһȳġ
Ҳ֪ԼǴʲôʱʼԸйҲԸˡ֮ⲻ˵飬ԶΪһ࣬ǰļֵѾٵĲˡ
һ£ʶ˵Ҿðɣ¿϶ûõģٵС
һ̫̫Ȼһ˵谡Ҳ֪ܵȥˣҼұһѻ˰̫ˣɶҲû£
οĵѾ֪ˣԭΪܻ֪̫̫м
ͷȻصһЦ˵ͷУǲ̫֪
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ٺһЦֳԴһ˵𼱰˵
ұһӻÿκͶ˵̫໰оͷۣСлͲֱ˵ô˵һͣһεġ
˵ʵʱǳϣһ֮Ĺϵʲôܣ̻ؼҾ̫̫ʸˡ⻹û׽һʱ߲ˡ
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ЩܲˣҪƽʱֱӳһͳȥˣ֪ܷͬʲô飬߳¥һ
Զ⣬ͻȻͣ̽ͷΧǽ濴һۣܶŨĴƺլ⣬еﶼƬŨУʲôҲ
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𣬱һʣһ£ʱŭˣһ۴۾ң˵̷أ˵˲ҪģƤֻʣһ߹ͷĶôã
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ԼﹹһӣѵĶһƤ
һӣЬվҴϣ¸µĿҺ͵Ϲ״˵ǲ£Ƕʲô
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ҿﰵһȻµóڱȻЩʲô￴͸ﳯһ㻶ϲصĺһҶһԪĶ
ǷǳģһЦϱصģ˵ֶɥ
ұΪʲôϢһ֣оǷǳʧġⲻǳʱТõĶֻ͹ŹһЩ
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һ֣ʱˣǳȣ˵ԹԣܳˣѵϻӲɡ
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˵ţ̾һ԰̷Ϊ㣬ǰеһжҽȥˣ˹ԭʲôĶû⣬һ³
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æִĻҺ·ңȥ˵ˣܵھӶаһ˭˵ʶĸӣôʶˣ
˵и㿴Ҫȥʣǿ϶һ㲻ʶǡߵʱ򣬸ʶϣ˼ݣ֮ǰϵӣܹǵΪ
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ƣ̫̫ȻһϢȴûȥ߸ʲôҲ͸¶һ˿һҲ̫Źˡһ¾ùӿھӵУֶǣʲôҲŵŮˡ
Ҳָо˵εΪҲˣǰԶһ㣬꺮ůģھͺһʶһˡԽҲԽģȻģûϵҲĲҪȥҿ϶Ҳøȥû׼ܹҵء
˵ţʹ˸ɫͻȻսҶߵ˵Ҿãôƾʧˣڶʲôˡ


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ƶ˵úúõģͻȻѹһ£žͱƿˣתͷһۣСˣһֽĹҲ֪װʲô
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˵ֽ꣬˵Ƕˣ˳ԵĻ
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˵һָһΪֻһﰮأҰ˺öˡ
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ָŵĵطдŵģҰְֵ֡


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óƬúÿһߵˣȻҲʶյʱƬ龰ʶİҵĸס
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ҰְʮûгֹҲûҪĴ㣬֮ܶھǰЩ鱳һԱǲοķΧ֮ڡֻᵽЩִѡ
СֵĿңҵĻӦһ䣬Ұְ֣ǰҲһЩ΢΢Ŷһתͷȥ˵ˡ
ҽԺ˼죬ֱƺõòˣŰԼʰһ£׼ȥǰԸЩССʹԸڼҴҲԸ⵽ҽԺģ׼뿪ˣҺȻЩ᲻طΪѵôƽӣСܲһֱң⼸죬ͱԹٴ˵ҽԺ̫ˣŪԶûθڡ
˺ٵһЩȥʱЩԥ޼ҿɹ飬СĻƽʱ˯ڹҺͶԸһһδӹȥ޷ֻܻҺ·ңӡ
СԭǹطɾĿŵ·ңһļ֮¡һǣȻطãΪǰﵽ·ңǣܹҵõڶҵȫ쵱ʱǵǮţӣҲûѲǮһ¾ɽˮˡ
һ˵Щʵ⡣˶ֻܵͷˡһﲻĳȥСҸȫϳǰѹ֮⣬ʲôãֵڡ
ʹ˵ļѧġ
˵ûѧС⹭ͷŵ棬Ҳͻˡһֱ⹭̫̫Ķ϶ǷƷ
˵ǿ϶ģ⹭ģù𶯵ǼǶԼŪģͷϱԼ˲ķģ˶Թֲá
ô˵ţѵе˵Ҫʾһѡ
ֻţŹ˸ţʲôһԱߣŶеĶ
ҼǸɫϴżֻЦ˼ҿˡţսŹϾһã̾ˡһΪ΢Ĺ𶯵С
˵ڵļƾͺͷβ˵ϸ΢ҿǺͨѣûʲôرĵط
û뵽ǴŵȻһ飬ҿУоǳĪǶеĶûͣһ½һô֮ϣǡˡͲڶ
ҷֵƺܣֺʹ˺ܶ£ûܴӵҲ֪ʲôԭҿȻӰԭΪ۾ˣܿĸҡҡģǿŶַǳ
ͺһֱСæס֡
Ƕ֪ʲô飬תͷһżСվһԣ嵹ڵϣֱꡣ
ҼϷǳȣŶ·֪˵ʲôá
ŷӦСոӦòԼѡģΪľٶ걻ȴ˶ѡ
һ룬Ҳò˼飬æһ䣬˵ô£⹭Ҳã
Сһᣬ˵⹭ҵģһֱȥͨĹ궼ᱻɢһ㶼ڱ긽ϣѸĹ
˵ţС꣬ϵĻǱͲȣǾͱϳԺҪöŵ㡣
һоⶫе׺ܵҲ֣СϾģֻֻܵҿһ£֮£ͲҵöˣոտļӰӣ˵ǣЩȫǹȻֻɢѡ
ղűһǲ㶼ɢˣڿͷԵɵڵϣҲ
ҶЩʶ˵ôŪʲô֢ɡ
𹭼мֲܰ𵴣˵ˣ㿴һԸ񣬱ͺӲѾˣи
ҷŰۣСһۣϱҲ֪ҺĶһģԸͶĺû׼Ժ󶡶Ҳϵɱû뵽ӣڱ˴оȻĴڣҶԼͶԷ֪֮ǿɱǿɱ
ǰ֮󣬾ͿʼоһôߣУִˣҲҪֱǰ䡣
Ȼ飬һѶ֮һЩ鶼˽һ£Ҳ·ңһһ֮顣
ڼǶʱ䣬Сһÿ춼޶лħ׷ɱţüζͶ·նǡ
СйȻûʲôͣܵٶҲһǾôػŶ˼죬ֱһлˮȥعסܵĵ·Ǳл谭ֻħһŷһ°ʰˡ
ҺܺħʲôӣǶңⱲӻǲҪĺãΪǸ࣬ݣѹֽħƿԺÿجΡ
Ҳл̫͹ˣΪǰΣ˾·ħһԶԸҲڽ¥лʱ򣬻ЩԾŵԭ
˳ϵϢҹȥģʱΪûˣû뵽ȥ˽¥·ң
ҰοǼ䣬żǸ⣬֮ܶһеķΪҰɡ
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ʵ̫СҸоǳ󣬳˴ŵһλ֮⣬Ǹ֪ʲôõϡ
Сһᣬ˵طҰ·ҲûС
ҵͷҲ֪̫̫ǸطиʲôĿġǵط϶һҪ
оŸúʱԼ׼Щʲôǡʱžͱˡ
ܹȥ׼ţָŰϣͻȻ־òԡ
·ң֮⣬Ǵû߹סŵģҪߴˣǿ϶ʲôĿġ
Ұ˻ſ͸è⿴ȥ죬濴Ȼںģʲô
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ҿһè۵һߣһֻѪɫ۾ʹȻ֪ǿҵģﻹĪһ
վŵģʬż


83
Ҵŷ첹һèϣһƿһξ룬ǳֲ
С￴ҷӦԣæһ˵ôˣ
ûش𣬶Ǻܿĳ˽ƣʬżֱֻȻ͡
һۣ˵˰ǳ˰ɡ
ҵʱһֳȥĸоıȻףΪʲôͿҵ˼
ŵ߹ȥһϵĺˮѹ˵ʬżˣ
СҲ֣ʶһ䣬Ȼһĳ˹ȥ
ֻ֪ʱҺʬżȥСңʬż˦еĺȥˣҷǳô³ģҲûǹⶫȻܴӺͷҲ½ȻݵЩףû̫˺
ëˣһ䣬˵ǿҸֶԸ
ҺСһۣܿԷ־Ҳû취Ըǽ첻ǵˡ
̾˿˵ģһ׼ȥԵģ·ûôģڿû취ˣզھ͵óˡ
СЩż˵Ŷסˣզôߣ
⻰û˵꣬ҾͿվ̧ӣ־ͳŴȥֻءһ죬ʱϵĲһأҺСһ£ٶŪþסˡ
СҲⴰǿԴ򿪵ģ
ŻȻġŶһ˵û뵽Ӱؼʱ̲ݵ
ҲһǲƬ̨Ҳһסĵط¥ܴȥȥ
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ףѾʼжˣͺһδ¥ȥȷСȻңǶ
ʬżǸտʼжĿʼš
ԣ
þͺŵƵһⷿŵסһ˽
òװСȥײŵԽԽ죬Һ͵æҵģϴ̨һ죬ֻˡһæתͷһžȻıײˣʬżţӡ
ҺͶһһѣ˵ٶȿ㣬ҵ೤ʱ䡣
ҿŶһʬżؿڣһû֮ǰĺѪƺѪҺѾˡ
ʹĽһļʸȻٻЩõġ
û뵽мֻ֮˺Сһ˹
ҲˣӶûҰϣƨһߣӲҴӴ˳ȥһĻᶼûУСվ¥»סңһ׹ٶﻹҳ֣ۿԼҪŵˤڵˣͻȻ¥£һѽסҡ
ҵľͺһɳҷµʱҽŶġҲ˲Լæžһȥﶡ
˳һվԭزȥһһ˵Լȥ
һ˵⻰˼ּɫæסңҪȴѾ¥˳һǾʹ˵ЩûĵģͰһ˶ˣ
ҿһۣЩǱûʲô飬ҪȰһ䣬ͱСסˣ˵ϻϽ߰ɣʬż׷ˣ
̧ͷһŷʬżȻڶ󼸲֮⣬ײײĴ¥һǿɶҷϻˣҲס֨һ¾ܵǰ档
Сһ㶣ҲæĽŲֻһ˱棬˸ȥ⼸ˣʱ򣬾ûһӦģ
ǰѾܣܲǸ취ʬżǲ֪۵ģиޣһֱתһᣬעʹµĳˡȻ֮ǰŪ˵粣ҺѾ·ң޳ʱһˡ
ͷһֱӳųܣʬżƨһ׷ģŪ󣬶СˣվһԴϢұʬż׷ת
ⲻǰ취˸ᣬֱӰѳԿ׸ǣǰѳ˵ҡһӵԿףϷǳģæұ֤һ䣬ҷġ
ĵһʬżĹһ滹ǵĽôˡ
мҲæӵҷɣȻҲʬżûа취ǣһʬżٶȻûġ
Ҳ֪˶ã֮ʱһųӳ׼õһ£ϳȥû뵽ֱӾͰѳʬżײ˹šԡһ죬ʬżʱײɳȥԶԶһԣϵ֫ײɢƬ
ɾˣЩʬ廹ڵϲŤţͺгɼεһҪ½һ
æһ⳵ͷѾȥðһɰȫҶˣ⳵ۿôˡ
СڸʻϣŰˣֻж˷ܵĴӳ˵ô̷˵ĵİɡ
ҿЩЦã⳵·ģôֱӱŪˣԺҾҲⲻ𰡡
ûʱ俼Щۿʬżں׶ΣæСһ˼ӸֿʼûӴܡ
˺Զֱʬżټˣһ
С˵Ҳܻȥˣǳڳȥǣʲôļƻ
һ£˵ղײհɣҲˣֳֻЩ·ʲôģȵ˵ؿЩ
ǰʱҲŹһ˵߾ߣȥȥӣ쿴ܹʵˡ
ҶûеˣǺǣҡֻʵˣоȴѾ͵ʱȫͬ
һ£𳵣ԱߵתͳߡһΪҪʡһЩɻʲôģڲϷʲô飬ǺҲġ
ǵ˻վ°ΣպһСʱ˳гƱ˾ڴš
ͱ˴ССȽԵЩ̫ªˡȻоҪȥðһС˵ͨǴЩǹըһһĵӡ˶һѹǻǵƲŴ⣬ûжĶˡʱҲžЩС˵Ƕ಻ס
ҿںϣгʱ򣬱۾΢΢˯һᣬСͶҲûгңûãҾ͸оžҵļ˯ʣĻ˻֣Ҫ˶㿪
ȴģһһҼšоԾҪǶС϶һôһ룬۾һԭλûбǶСˡ
æͷһһִֻӺҵļϡˣֲ˻ȥתͷһλһۣһˣҺ棬Ŀû˿߮ģҡ
صǣĳ࣬ȻҵƬϣǸˣһģһ


84
ôûӦ͵һƬհףһ˼ûС
ֻңеıĪмϤ֮Уɵһع׼ҪſںʱǸоϱһġ
æͷһۣǶСͺһȥһûС
ɻĿһ̷ۣôˣ
ҹ˲ϻش׼סˣʱﾹȻмֽŵĸоƺһǵٶȻعȴλȻţûκ˵Ӱӡ
æվĿһһɨЩ򳵵Ⱥȴû˵һټ
Сһۣ鶼Щ֡ƺʲôõ鷢һæ˵㵽ôˣżӾͱôɹġ
Ҳ֪ôشǣΪŶȭͷֻʵǸأ
Ĳ֮ɫ˵ʲôˣ
Ҳ֪ԼǸ˯ѻΪżĹϵһ±ÿڸġȵ˵ǸոǸĺƬһģһǸˡոջš
Сüͷһ¾˵ʲôƬѵֻźڰ׵ģ㲻ۻ˰ɣҪˣǸôһģһ
Ҳ֪ԼӦΪʲôô󣬵һС⻰ʱо񱻵ͷһˮһΪһֱ²ˣҰְֵԭ򣬵Ҫǹô˵ҰְֶѾˣѾ˺ܾã
Ҵվԭأֶ·ôӣȻ˵ǹҲãһҪҳ
쿴һۣ˵̷˯Ժ˰ɣǸС⣬ûְȻõ˵ҺС϶㷢ֵ硣
С˫ֱǰҿ϶ĵ˵ͷ
һ⻰˵ȻͬģɴӸϾЩԸϣǸҰְҲòҲգܹǸйصʼշŲ¡
Сô϶˵ȷʵûй֣ҪֻǶһû׼Ϊ磬СҪȶ׵ö࣬Ǹӣͺڸң㲻ò仰
ãȻĳŵһۣվһԣҲǹУڷҸղſһС
쳣ģЩԼˡѵΪǸ̫⣬˯Ժε
Ҳһ¶ͷĺһᣬʶǣ˵ղŸɶȥˣ
СһЦһСָָ˳Ƿһ˹񫷸ˣôһ߳ȥǵװҲ鲻ˣֻ۰Ͱ͵߸š
˦˦ͷҪȥϴּˮϴ˵һСҿȥأҪʼǳˡ
ҵͷԳϴּ˹ȥϱˮһʱ˲٣ȥǵг̣̫̫ŪôصģҲһ˳
ҿžԼҡҡͷ̾˿ǡʱͻȻиС˽ϴּ￴һۣȻߵߣҵ·˵壬̷ɣ
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ҵЦһ£Ȼߣ˵ңС
Сһ¾Цˣ˵иҰø㡣
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Ұֽǿһ£һ˵ҿôȥڸǡ
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ҾװƽһЩ̫ļ⺢ŵˣæЦݣ˵Сѣոֽ˭ҵģ
Сգۿң޹ı飬˵λүү˵ˣұġ
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Сһ£ǣģһͷүү
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æȥˣС˵ֽԺ󣬾ͷҲصˡ
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Ϊ˲ԭɣΪҾ̫̫СȻûʲôĿģҲһطǻǲòȥġ
ҰŽСպãû׼滹ЩҲܲ͸ϢҲ˵һ
ֵһᣬǻԺûãǾͿʼŶϳ
ӲƱΪﵽǵǸʡݣҪʱ䣬Ʊʲôʵܲˡ
ڳ¸ղŷ飬Ҳһûͷһʳܿͱˣʱôȥ
ҹȳϨ˵ƣǲû˵Եڴ˯ˡϵĹẈ̂ǳˡ
һ·˯÷ǳȣһֱн΢Щҡεӣ˲̹
Ҳ֪Լ˶ãǿǿЩ˯⣬̹һЩǸҪ˯ţȻоϱһѣ˹СͶȻˣվҴͷɫǳѿ
Ҹʳʲôˣ֪Сæסҵ죬ŴָָʾԼ
ƣŴһۣڻţʲô
ҴӴһС϶ʱɵˡ
ҿһŲҰ׵ǵ֫ڻĴϣһЩ͵Ŀ⣬׷׳˹


85
ҿŴľʶ˿ĭջ¸ϣﲻϰοԼ۲Ĳ
ƭԼģȻѾˣܲܵڡ
ŵվ³Ա˯ŵˣһ仹İˣڹƶ˯ˣ֪жΣ
ѹæСʵ˵ʲôˣôмڴϣ
СӵĿһۣ˵ʲôǼʮ˳ߵĴһ·ȥ浽ǣģˡ
һ⻰ﻹǰ鿴ǳŲϳã顣
żæʶſڻʲô
һ£˵˵Ҫǵ·ôһӾ£϶ɺϡſڻϣ𳵳Ҫ£ʱһ˾Σˡ
￼һѿѵȻ˭ô
һۣͣ˵ҵѾˣ˵Ҳǿʱ򣬲ЩŪһҪ飬ҿɲ֤㻹ܻš
ｹȻѾһ棬ǰңڶ˹ƤҩһĲ֪ٹ֣ͺϴӡȻͷӵȺһֻЩ˶˹ѡ
һ£Ȼ˸⣬æԶ˵ǹǿɢǵĻһᣬ᲻ʲôЧ
һۣ˵ˣʵνģСĻ˵ҲᱻɢҪûĻھͶ֡
һ˵ţһĹСһҲˣæ˵ҿǶѰǱˣȻʱһ
ͷ취϶вͨġ˵СǵҲܲˣɱ˷ΧЩ̫󣬶Լûʲôյӡ
æʶѵûİ취
°һᣬ˵иȵۻƣǾۼһطȥҺö֡
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ƲƲ죬˵ҸղİҪһô
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Ҷͷ亹ðˣֻܼӿŲǰסԽԽ࣬Ҷˣ꣬Ȼβŵĵһܴ󣬲ֹסŲȥҲЩɳ
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ƺڿعͷһۣǿ˿ңֿ˿ʱһŵҺ͵ˡ
Χ˶ŵò壬һ̽ͷ߿ɫҰףţֿ˿ңûʲôֵĵطŽĿƿ
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Ҫأ˵һ仰
ңұȻһ£ָָĹָָ֣ңָָ
ҳĬһ£ӺȻһ飬ĿҲڵ״Ĺ֣ΧתȻҪĶЩôӰۼߣѾǷǳ˲õˡ
ҽֹĸо֪ôģͺҲߵôһ
Ҿãˣһˣ


86
־ϲԭϻˡ
ƺǳ£ϵıʼնֻо֡ҷǳҪ䣬Щôģǵһ£ҲʶԼڻûꡣ
ֳһ̧ۣ׼βϹȥ
ҸҪ˺ȻҺһ䣬˿ϵûпңһξ룬˵㲻ᡭҲᦰɡ
æҡҡͷ˵һ䲻ǡҿı飬ƺЩԸţʼʱ򣬾ҲѪ£Ҳ׸Ͼڣ֪ԽԽá
ҵĿ⳯Ŵɨһۣûʱ˵ȴ顣
˵꣬ҪߣȴȻγǰխ·ͨ⣬Ȼм֣ųᶥ˹
ĵãһЩȻѾˣ
ǼӰſڳϣͺڻһ棬̧ͷ߿һۣȻֽŲãӿٶȳ˹
֪Լɫ϶ǳѿȻ˶֪ʲô飬ֻҪ̧ܹͷͻᷢԼͷ֮ϣһŤӰ䶯š
ǿᦵҲˣһӴϵ
Ҳ֪ЩôģڿѾȥβĵطˡ
ʱ˿̣Ҹϸ룬ת׼ߡǸ˻æӵ
һӣĪЩ̹˻˶ʮ꣬Ҳһһӹģôʱ䣬һµľƨ
һǱȽ˵ģΪжܹ˲˵Ҳ˲ٱֶΡ
һ·ǰţǹ˷ǳ࣬ٶȸЩ컨ĹҪ죬ۿžҪ׷ˣ
һ˦ͺţõһһ¾ס׷ǸӰʹһקǹͱ컨ݺݵڵϣһÿ͵ˮƿصײɳˤ顣
ҰкãתͷһŷҲ΢΢ôʱѣͨĹԽԽ࣬һûʲôá
æһϡЩ֪ÿͻֿһᣬΪҳûҩʲôġ
Һ˺ò״ӹＷͨһγĵطһССϴ̨䣬ۿЩӰҪ׷ˣҪǼܣû߼ͳԲˡ
鼱֮£ֻһ߿ţҺ˯ʱ䣬ûռλáЩӰܴ͸ҿȵҡ
˽ȥû뵽Ǹ˱ˣֻûӡѰ˼ôҲͬܰһһѣæһ˸Ͻ
ⷽ滹Ƿǳֵģһ˦ͺǰһֱסǸᦵˡ漴һϣ˽һģӣӦͱϽ
һˣšءһƣҪ뵽ôһյЩӰѾ׷ˣһ°סűߣһֻɱ񷢺ڵ֣ŵ˹һʹҳ漷
ռ䱾ͲӸѾǰˣֱôһƣֱײˮϣҲ֪ײˣ۵һ´㷭۾ôˡ
ڵһѣȻվֱӵһЩˣֱӸһպʱֻڵһƣһͬɱֿԴ̽˽һͺĸʬһ÷ǳˣƤ඼Ѿȫˮ˼ϡҪҧң
ǰûԴϾһţԡһ¾Ͱ߷ɳȥǵסŵҲͷ˿һ°ҹȥ
̲ʱ䣬ˣҲŷԼǸɴ䣬ҲǵһμϲĶĴָ
ҶԹЩ黹ǵһα佱Щϲ̵ģҲǸ˵ʱΪԿԸоĹ־ۼԽԽ࣬һһͺըһʹײţĴ⣬ЩӰҲǼҪӴ
Ҳ֪೤ʱ䣬Ϊܸǽڣֻһ㵲ѡӶײ֮£Щҡεơ
ǳţǸҲһҪҺµö࣬ҿľ󣬺٣ʱ
ұкܶҪڸû˼˵һֱŶĹɲ²ȼţ·𲻹ζ涼Ϩ
һֱ˺ܾãⲻϴײҶȥһľҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ҺȻڽҵ֣ϸƺǶ
ϲ⣬æɤӦһʱ˵·ȫǹֹ˵Ҵûù
ҸշһЩʱֵֻǲû취ˡ
Ҳţ˵ֻܰѹ
΢΢Ĭһ£İ취ˣһҲЩţ̲סһ䣬˵ûа취Ȱѵ
˵ǳôʲôûҪиڣãʲôûʲô취
΢΢Щգû뵽˺Ȼһ£µĵйڣ
һ£ͿİóһƴСӣ漴ǰ˻Ρ
һϲҲڣæӹ˵һˢһ¾ڣȥˡһѸӸϣһԶ˵ˣҪСûĻͶְɡ
˭֪ûңҲ֪ûпʼжΪܵײʵ̫Ҷ춯
ҽŵŴЩӰһᣬȻǵһ𣬾ͺ˴һһһЩСģͻȻɢˡʣµĶЩǳֲλꡣҿǵȻЩģмӰڻζʱʶѾˡ
̳ʱǳ̣оֻмӣײСˣƽĹӰһҲˣȻ;˺ܶ࣬ĿЩǱɢɼӰӺʧġ
˿ߵһۣҲ֮ɫӶ˰ɡ
ֱ溰һûˣţ˳ȥ
խĵطʱˬĸоǸһʱ˳壬ӵĿһۣҹǱﻵˣղŵҲһ
վһԣŹͼȿңҪ˵ЩʲôֺȻŵˣɫһ䣬Ĭһ£ȻҲ˳˵ôиᦣ


87
ҿܵ˱Ƚ϶࣬ƶǱǰģæ˶һ£ʾСһЩȻҵСһǽ͡
ηηβվһԣûǰľﻺҲܿǶǣæһл
Щ˵ˣøȥɡ
˵ţָָңߵһ׸͹鷳ˣҿܲͻȻһˣǰǹʾѾûˡ
˵꣬ĹתҪߡæ˵һ⣬˾ӣ쵶ģϰ߾ͺˡ
ǰ棬תͷһ䣬ҿߣȥСû¡
ұģоһ¸ײĵãôһ˵ҲСİΣֻܺ㳶һ䣬϶ĽŲ
һ·ȥĹĵģҲ֪ǵģǺ˵Ҳ˦ҡ
ԼĴλҲſСѾˣڴϣûһֻҺͶˣ̧ͷһۣû°ɡ
ҵͷЦһ˵ûãоա
ԱߣĹȻһ˵øƨÿһʡĵģ㿴СֱӰѹͷһ¾ͰȺˡ㵽ãԼ¶꣬˼ֳһᦡԼĹǰɣڼǿһ㣿
ҵһۣ˵ΪⲻǻûβЩͽˣպôˣ˳㵱սѶһ¶ѡⲻ͸ǰһҪ˭ҲܣҲһٴˡ
Ұѵʱ˵һ飬Ǻܲ˵̷㳤İɣҲ֪ڶڰжţЩ·ģݵ˭Ƕ֪֮ڶЩ͹йˣǶܵԽԶԽãѱǱµľ֡
ô˵ȻЩҲף˵ʱǸµӣһ㶼װģΪйԶʱķӦΪ⡣ǶС׵飬ǴСͺ͹ӴһЩҪĺݽǣƽʱûʲôµġ
ҲͬԭϵĴһͨ˲ᵽּ򵥿־
ҳСһۣϣܰ˵仰СڴϣҵĿͺϵôϬ
һᣬ˵̷⣬˵ûҲûʲôģȻû»١Ҹкܴ⡣
ҸоĪôһṦ˸˼Ҽ˵Ļ䣬϶ǵˣ
һۣ˵⺺ͺúŰɣӴôˣͻƤӴĹˣ˼һûʲôע⡣
һ˵·ңҾͱµ˵ˡɴͱ죬С˵
СаЦһ£˵˵ͣӦҲǲˣҴķӦӦҲֶܹΣȻŹڣЩ;һ֪⡣˵һˣôʮģ
һ⻰ʱסˡҸտǸ˵ʱЩôģǺ̫̼Ǹˡ
˵ʱ䣬ֻһˣ˲֪ٴˡϿ޴룬ôӹÿһεѹصģӲҪ˵ÿζߣҴҶŵġ
Ҳ˵æǰͺ˵ˣģеˣǵʲôͺǵһμʱ㱻ϳȥһڿ滹顣
Ьӣչһ£˵ϣҲһû˰æʱ̫̫ң㲻
˵ұҲֻǺѣ˵ʵû뵽ܻôʱġҪǺǵ£ҶˡǶһϵƣ˭鶼˶ܲˣҪСһЩ
С͵ĵ˵ͷȴû뵽Ҳһ٣˵㵽ûʲô˾ˣӰ첻ǡ
Сæ˵ҲǺҪģҪˣҧǵģԣңҧģ
ͷ˵˵ˣ⣬˵ᦣ
ͷתͷҼ˵ᦵĹ£ʱõģûгʮģЩûѧ˵·ΪֵԭЩֱӱŪЩΪĸֱĽˡǿʱ䣬³ҲǺܲҵġ
⻰ЩأҲܹǵĲҿһӣƵЩ³ʼܼﻹЩʦʲôġʱһã˭ϲǵĺӣսᱻ󱻷
ǿţǵӿ϶Ҳǳѹ˵Щͬǡ
˰죬̾һĹڣѸӴ򿪣õ˵ˣҲˣܻҲףȥѹڣôҲ˸æлӦõģҲƤˡ
û˵ҲȥǲȥСɴʼ磬һԼӡ
ҡҡͷϵһȥȻҲҲģҾҪţ̹һЩǸˡ
˳Ÿղŵ·ߣȻͨģһ·˺ܶ࣬ôҲΪҿǣֻܹܲ뵽ᦣﲻһìܣΪԽѵģڿҲֻװһӣͺƽʱϵһ
ôţٻЩεġ治ʺϰһ˵ĽɫҪǻ϶׾áȻִô顣
ǵǽسȴûҵᦵӰҿϿյģΪ뿪һᣬԭص˰ҲûתͷŸһʣ֪ղ뿪ˡ
֣·;ûͣСվ㺦£ȥ
֮£Ҳǣ˳ߵһ飬ĶûᦵӰӣͺûϳֹƾʧһ㣬ûһټ


88
βֱѻ˵˰ɡôһˣղŻúõģͻȻˣҪǸ˵ùȥǻ˰Ҳ϶ܹע⵽
ܻصߣ˼һŵӣôˡ
Ұʧ˵ˣûôȡֻɻüС˵ö˶˸ˣ϶ҲǹȥԶˣ𳵵طխҪأҲǺҵġ
ͷ˵ɣҪû⣬αضزص˻ɡ
ΪҺ˽ӴıȽ϶Ĺϵ֮ЩĲ£ֳȥһ飬һӰûС
ԺƽСѾ˯ˣֻжһŷԣôණϵľȻζЩܲˡæԼĴ̣ͷ˯¡
ãŸղ˵飬Ǹᦣ۾ӶЩ£ܲˡɴాԼòУ˯š
г̣˵ûз飬ǴӻվӶЩǱ⼸춼ûкúϴ˷ǳϰߡ
³ԺڻվԱߵĿ͵˵㶫ȻһѸôߡҲôǱˣȻϽܻõĶ滻·̣ʳǶĶڣʲôҲҪ׼üֳֻΣС
ӣǾͳɹȥˡ;лӻվԱЩСʡĵͼǿ˰죬ҲûҵطС˵ֻǸӶѣⶼ档ǰ̫̫µϢᵽڴĸس⣬Ȼûȷе·ͼǴһһų׼öųسȥˡ
ҿ˾룬ЩԶ·ǳãԺϼǱˣ·ȽխҲࡣǵٶȣҪ߰˸СʱܵسǸ
ԭҺСſȻһ䣬˵ֳҲῪ
Һܾȣ˵ڹϲͦ
СɵЦһ˵ǣң˭ҲùߣǹѣȥȥãֲԼ֡
ҺΣǶ˷ܣҪ˾ųӰûˣܲˣһ˰ռ˺ŵλãʳǲԸҷһ㡣
һӲ˰˾Ÿͷ;΢Ϣһ£о۵òУǰĶֳ·ʻԱģһ˻湻Ǻ
سǵʱ򣬲඼Ѿߵˣļڵú˵Ҳг׺ļ
ҵط˵㶫;ͷԱһ¾Ǵȥ·ʣ˵ûطһǶɵˣҪǱ̫̫ˣǿ϶鱨⡣
𶡶·յëæ˵ûǴλðɡ
ظ˵ܣҵʱһñʼˡ
֤ļƣǶЩΪѣòطô
ǳ극ڳǻһᣬ·Ҳ˺ܶˣû֪Ǵڡû취ֻҸõסȻо
õһ£̫̫϶ôҡ·ϳЩ飬оط϶ǴڵġҿһᣬߵϷˣ˺ܾã˹עżмǹˮġ
ұʲôϣˣû뵽첻ˣҵȵһϢǻ˵سߵɽдǼҰӪߵ·ˣȥȷʵһӣȷǲʵΪǴӺСλ̫ƫûдо˻һӶӣȻܶ࣬ڵ˱ȽϺơ
һƾҵĵطϵȶһЩƫԭɽض࣬Ҳ࣬Ҳţ˵ɽ﷢ԭʼʲôġȻǴ岻ô󣬵˶ǿ϶Ҳôһԭǽͨ㣬ôһСطԸˡȱĻԸ߳Ҳ١
æлȻͻһ¾·˵ʵҲǲ·̫ߣǵʱǵ˰͵·ϣ˻
һû취ˣֻʱȥҰӪ·ӣȻ·߹ȥģ˳Ĵңû׼ҵ
ڶ˷䣬ͳˣֻҸطͣ£Ͼȥɽⶫûüֵˡ
һ·оҴ̽鱨һ·ŵǰ̫ܴسͰķݺܶ࣬۾ԶĴɽ
ǳˣƽʱʱ˶һ֮⣬ûʲôɽҪˣ߲˶Զ͵ЪһᣬĺˮʼΪˮ㹻ˣû߶Զһ붼ûˡ
òߵ˵ĵطֱſˣڱԹ˵ʲôˣԺҲˣ
СҲܲˣڵһΨһõĹֻеˣоûʲô仯
Ϣһᣬӵ˿ܵĻɽﵽӣԱ߾͸ˣ飬ⶼȫס˵ģҲˬ࣬оûôܡ
ܵӱһͺ񳪸һɳɳҷǳϲָоԭ̬ɶУϵСͶɾûôˡ
üͷţϱ鶼ЩƣһۣûӦС˵һ䣬羰ˣ
ʶһʲô˼
ͽ͵ֱǻĵطǳʶ̷
һڣ˵ƨĳʶͨ˿ľǷ羰ֻЩĶǲġ
һû˵꣬ͻȻסˣͿǲԶĵطһŮˣ֦̽ͷĴǡ
Ů˺֣˾ͺһҿͷ֦˳ڷܳɢڿУСȴֵӺ棬ֿӣֻһԴȫ֡
ǿҵı飬ҲתͷһۣȻ
СüͷŮ˿һۣȻң˵ŮɣŮˡ
˵Ŷˣֲǹְٿȫ飬˭֪ʲô
ǰͷԴһᣬ˵ְŮϲŻĶô
˭֪£Դʧȥ֧ŵһ£žһڵϡҵĸоǿһԴڹһĴһ
֪СͶһת׼ܣһû׷ʲô£Се˵Ůߣǧ˵
Ҹ뿪ڻӦһ䣬Դƺһ䣬̷
ҶʱһƤ񣬵ҪСĻջأ˳ھӦһ˵ɶ⻰ͽŮߵĺ棬һʱ䣬ͻȻоԼ͵һ£ˡһԼҸӣӺûжһžĵ˵ϣ


89
һɲˣȫã֮ǰڳϵЩĹЩƣȴʱҪӵö࣬Ϊʱֻûȴȫסˣֻܱŵʱƣգ۵ûС
뺰ǣͻȻԼһ˿ֻǰǸԴڵϣͻȻ
ڲſиģֻǰ֦סˣѡ
Դ棬ûвӡ°ͺԴĵطһֵûлƣһɫȹףǸһ̣ͺ۾һԴ
ҿϴһЦ⣬۶졣һһϣͷʱͺһ¶š
СѾܳȥˣǿҲæֹסӡ
Сȵĺһ˵ˣ̷жˣ
ҼΪȣҾôһжˣҲ̫˰ɣô룬΢ľ̾
һ˵̷˵˲ҪӦ
ҼĶˣп˵ӦСš
ЩѾûˣȫ֪ôźãţСһ䣬˵̷ϣܣ
֮ǰڳݶ汻˦¥ľʹҲһܹܵģҾܾˣ͸оӱһסһҾͱȥ
ŮҲǳصģۿҪӣɫһͺҵļһ⡱ĴӵϴһŤһڵĳǳٶȿЩˡ
ұΪĻҪһЩΪǰ˵ߵʱǷԼƶٶȣߵ۾ȱݣû׼ΣԾͻή͡
Ѿңһ·񱼣ɽкܶӲݣˮذôʹࡣ
С͵ǰ棬м䱻ţżʸ˲Ϻ
ҿһŮߵԴʱͷѪһֻǳʹĿŤһӣͷǼʸڵḩ̂ͷֳ׷һ¾ͺ񵱳ǰ·ңһûʲôãһʱ䡣
û뵽ôǰȻŮߵĴ˵ҲһЩСƭ˵չϿƵŮߣһŮ˵ԴƤˣҪģЩСĶ֡
Ϲţͷֲ嶫ϱˣǰһоϵͦ˳ģǺ·ԽԽߣԽԽܼҲ֪˦ײٿӣ۵ҪŮ߻׷ᣬֶжûʲôӰ죬ƽٶҲԽԽ죡
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ǰ桰Ŷһ־һŮ߾ͺö˵ĻһһͶ㿪˶ͬʱβһ˦ϵҶʯ鶼ɨңϱһ£ðǡ
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ҼҪѶǱͨ죬˵Сں濴æһСİ
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Ů棬ʱͣôһ룬ȻءһԵڵϡ
־ŭСȫڰﵹæŮϵ޷죬ҺͶԵˣ
СҲûϵŮⶫܰʱյôõģôһҲã߳С͵û£ҲŮߵ
ŮŤӣԴʱʱ³βһһѹڶϣϢţͺһһƺҪӸ
ҿ˸ͺûжżһһ±ӵס˴ӡ
ҿóڲսɫܿͱɫȻϻǰ־ȵı飬óǳܡ
ŮŴͣŷУȻƶһļǰǻ֮ڣͻȻҪŶһҧȥ
ʱͻȻһʯͷ˹ȥءһŮߵԴͺһԴ͵һˣٶ̧ʱѾȥһ顣
һŲ۾һСһʯͷץһͳŮңСǰٷеģŮǰ棬ͺӣҲ˲СĹʯҵı׵ģ
һûôǱģŮСжһ˿Թ֮ɫȻòôСŪ˵ˣܱȱŮŪöСҪá
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һ¿漫ˣæſڵȥ񣬵ŮĻᣬβһ˦һײСϣӲ˦һߣˤòҽ
һ룬Ů³ͣͻһھҧڶϣ
һ˿Ѫ˳Ŷ˿˳ҵʱΨһͷǣˣˣ
û뵽ǣŮҧס֮󣬹ôһ룬ԴȻ͵ҡһ£Ŷβһ¾ɢ˿ĵڵϣ
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ҳһĻֱһ¹ڵϣŷԼȻܶˡֽЩ飬æŶܹȥһһģܶطˡ
Ҵæַסôû°ɣ
һۣʱ˵̷۰
̧ȥɸһͰӴһæ˻޺Žеˣ
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СŶӴԱ˶Ůһۣ˵ô£һôˣѪж
һۣȻǰѸղŵĳˣһСεңʼ磬ȥŮߵʬ塣
ҿֻ̫Ǹһξ룬֦˴ûӦ߽˿
Ҳȥһŷֲ˰ŮߵˣѪѾʼãϵβȥȻڲҲʴˡ
ҺСһۣתͷȥľ̶ȿ֪


90
ûԭֻԼһ£ǰ˵Լ߹ŵһˣȻѾʳһֳϣ飬ȻǶ֪ʲôӣҹƾԭŮһҧûЧԼˡ
Щңһ룬־ûôɺϵ飬ѵ˵һеķѾԤ֮ڣԲŸߵĻǣΪľǵⶫʱ򣬲ڱŪ
ڻſһԵĵϣţҺСҲû뵽һ粨ܵ˺ԴŮߣСæŪڹǺġ
СýŲһŮߵʬ壬ûӸղŵعĵŮֶɣ˵˵ֻ֣ҪӦͻ᲻Ĳ㣬Ȱ˲ſġֻҪ㲻Ӧûʲô顣
Цһ˵ԭĹȻֲֻҪעһЩҲܶÿ
˵ţҳ˹ȥһ£˵ˣƤ˶ѣûþͺˡ
һסң˵̷ƣҿ϶˰ɡ
Լһ£ʵƿĿûж٣ǱʯͷҵˣЩףͺͻȻһҿӣһûסЦ˳˵ûɶǿŲ˵㡣
ǲ⣬ְ˵ûɶЦʲô϶ˣȻȥҾҲˣ
Ҳ֪Цأģ˵治ó˵˼άǣæο䣬һʱ벻ˡҾҲ˧㣡
ǾôһС̧ͷɫѾˣֻⶼïܵҶסˣ谵ģЩĸо
ҰѶӵ˵ˣզǻø·أڴʲôҿɲܣǶԸ
ˡСӣҲοһԱɵ֡һ·ѸղűߵʱմϵĳŪͷһᣬȻһĵҲ֪Ǵﴫġ
˶һ㶣ѵ⸽ڣ
ǵ𲻹ʮ룬ͻȻһɳɳԶ˷
ҳԶһֻۣ֮ϣҶɳɳôˣסһ˵ɶŮɢ
ҺСҡҡͷ˵֪
ǶҶͷʼںԶĵطԽԽܿ͵ͷ֮ϡ
ָоͺһҶһ̧ͷϿţæֵǰҶﻹЩʲôġ
ɳɳߣſͷЩʲô̲סһСҲǰľˣ
ҿһȺһȺŮߣൽͷϷ֦ȥԴβٵĦ֦Ҷ۶ȫһȥ
ҿֳ棬ûסгڱСһס͡ʾҲҪ
æͷһȺȺŮ߾ͺûע⵽ǵĴһҪȺ֮㶡ѪŪǣƶҲƶѪ
̳˺ܳʱ䣬ЩŮ߾ͺϼһúܿ죬ߵͬܿ죬ˡ
ֵһᣬƽû˶һ
һĭСǣ˵Щڸ
Сҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ǹƣӦøղǸйأͺŮ߶˹ȥ
ôһ˵ЩӡȰȶߵĳŮ߿϶ô˳ġ
Ҳô룬ԥһ£˵ﻹиڰҪĹȥ˵ܷʲô
ȻЩЩŮߣҲ̲ס棬ͷӦСȥҲû취ֻǨ
Ҳõģǹȥˣ˭ҵ֣ҶڻӦǰ֮ͬһﻹΣҾˡ
Сģ˳صҶȥҲһǺ棬ŵģһĿһۣô·ǲᷢ˿ġװԼͻһִ˲ƣ
˴ŰСʱŷеĴܶ࣬ڶûͷҾʲôطҲûףֻһ·Ҷû·ѡ
ֳǰһᣬȻСͶסˣҲһɻɫ
ֵǣΪֳʲôˣѹ˵ı黹ǺĪ˿ǰֿ˿ҡ
ͻȻ˵ָоǻǸᦰɣ
΢΢Щ죬˲ʧѵ⸽ˣҲǣҸоκζֻʣȷ
Сüëһ˵ֻǺ͵ʱϵĸоЩѣǲǣ˭֪أû˳ʲô
￿һ˵ԭ֪ǻиᦣȻңô˷ܣΪ´½һ
СаЦһЦ˵˾ͺãСƨͦġҲǱ鶢ңĲһ˰ҲҪСһЩˡ
Ƶĵ˵ͷŸӳǰȥ
ԭҪŮߵĶⱻˣ˵զǾ͸ϢߣҪȥʲôط
˵ϵϢ᲻ᱻ֡
һۣ˵㶼оɶо㡣
˵оˣϾÿ߶ܹġ
һˣ˵ͷľǹޡ
Цһᣬּǰһ߾ǼСʱǳ֣ϵĺۼԭӿݵĵ棬඼ĥƽˡ
ҽˮҲĥ۵òУС۵ҲǺ˵һ·ţɽˣĵҪȥʲôط
ҲǳգоѾƵɽˣҪȥҲѣߣҲ֪жԶ·
Žţֳǰ˼ĿԶһᣬȻǰɽƺЩ̣ԼԼģ˻м
һϲæһ˵ҿˣ᲻Ǿǣ
СҲ̽ͷԶһᣬһЦ˵û׼ǣզôԶҲͿôһӣȻ˵Щơ
һ¸ǲСĶһ־ĸоǼӿ˽ŲǴӸȥ;Ȼߴ˲ٵطչ黹ǵˡ
վӲԶĵطЪһᣬҺͶ˷ܣ֮£СҪĬö࣬˵ҲڲˡЩŮߣ֪ǲҲˡ
һᣬҪǻˣʱҲȥ֮ǰ˵ЩԱֶζѡ
˵ԭôģڿûˡ
˵ţȻٺһЦŪЩĪ뿪ѯʣ˻˵ãƣһ˵ˡ
תͷ￴ȥͼһ˳ȷʵǻǸᦣȻֻһ֮ԵģѾˡ


91
Ӵ߳ûǰк·ߵĬһ㡣ʹ˵˼仰ȻЦ߿ˡ
ң˵ôզҪ
˵ôŮߣҪ𡣶ڻȷӾǲǾǣҲܲˣզҸط֮о
Сͷ˵ǿƼҾܵȥ෴ģǲҪֲС
Ƕڴһ£ᦣҲûҪӴ˼ֻڴڵλתһȦһӣ̫ԶҲЩʲô
Ź˰СʱǶЩ಻סˣһڰĴһ֣ת˴
ԶˣŴӴһ˵вһͷϹתɶ
ҺСûŴ߽һЩϸ鿴һᦸղ߹ĵط棬Ȼһ˹ھĹ֣ǳҲۣķǳ롣
ҿﱻ˺ܶĩСִһЩڱǼţЦۻơ
ҶۻһĶû̫˽⣬Ψһ֪ĻǵｲЩ߱á֣СӲ֪ڸʲôһŮ߻ȻҲЩڲڴ⻹Ǵڣ⸽ۻƣ벻Щȥǲǳ
СҲһᣬ֣˵̷ƣȻܶˣǴһ㶼ûУͺһͨеĳһ
ҿһۣȻС˵һ˰죬Ҳ벻ȻԾֱӲȥ
̧ͷ￴˿ӷǳªէ֮£ʮ˼ңǰĵ·Ҳխĸ˲ǰоܰ·סݶשṹģһͻȫһ
ҽֵҲǳ٣˼Ĵſڷ첹⣬ûʲô˵Ӱ
ҳǺһ׼ȥǻ֮ǰһס޵ĵط
϶ûõģֻܺ͵һ£˸ЩǮסǼ
Ǹ߽ȥǼǰˣ̧ͷһۣĻͻȻͣˣһǡ
ұǿЩţҲ֪ЩʲôֻܰοԼ˵ӳ겻ˣǶЩǻѡ
û뵽ǣ߽ӣתͷ˼ۣ־ЩĴҲֵŴǡ
ָоͺͻȻ߽һİ磬Χ˶ע㣬Ǳ鲻һɫҲһеĮе棬еȷʵĵǡ
Һ棬ᳶ˳ҵ·˵̷ǿǸоͺڿ԰ĺӡ
Ұһۣǳ˵ʲôƨء
ǰ˼һͷǰҺٺЦһԼ޺ģ˵үɽɷ磬·ˣò׿иӣ֪⸽ûпԸǽ޵ĵط
ͷгẓ́ƣһ˫۾ȥҵЩӡ
ҵһᣬڣ϶ЩΣֻεСһۣСҲɻҿǰһ׼ڣ˭֪ͷһ̣ͻȻ֣СûطסҿԸָ·ץʱߣҲͳȥˡ
һ⻰оˣ˵ģӵ˴˺ȫͬҲû뵽ͷ˵ôһʱԭأ֪˵ʲôá
ҳĬһᣬ۸ôڣ˵үƣɫˣҲ۵òУǸָ·ǹҲûܹȥֻæܲܰļҿǽһµģǿԸǮҺ
˭֪˵ôһλͷûȥǹЬãŪ̲ݣĵ˵ˣⲻǮ⣬ӾҲˣʵû취ǡҪûȥŻûڣɽҸȫĵطһɣӺãµġ
ҿǲԸæüͷ㻻ʣ֪ȥˣֱ˵Ҳûô˵İûطסôڴĸǽ½һް㵽ɽסһȥԣҪû´Ҷš
ͷã̧ͷһֵۣͷӶһЩ˿ǡæ˶һѣҪʾ˵嶯ôҲǱ˵ĵ̡
֪ͷȻһ£̧ͷ˶һۣͷ΢΢˼һ󣬸̧ͷϱ˵ĹŹ֡
ëˣüͷһ䣬˵㿴ʲô
ͷεıͷȥǿЦһЦ˵СƢҪô壬ֻǿеѣЩһˣ࿴һᡣ
һ⻰֣æǰȥʵһˣ˭
ɱһЦ˵û£ЩǴҵСŮҲЩûˣһʱ̲סǰˡ
һ棬˵ѵǾ̫̫ϸϸ룬;̫̫ͦģֻǶΪü۱Ⱦ̫̫༸
ҼüͷƺҲڿͷĻ˼ģ΢΢ЩȣⲻỹҲ˰ɣѵôɺϵ飿
תһ룬־òԣⲻӦɺϣһֱΪ̫̫ľǳˣ룬Ȼǳӽϸ΢ĲеģϼҾ˭Ҳ֪Ҳһ
̫̫Ҹַʱû˵öĵطЩҲ֪̫СתתȥĶЩף뿪ˣֻҪǻһЩӡġ
ҳĬţһͰĲ²˵˵ɶȴȻˣ˵ֽ࣬෼ͮϲʶ
ҺСЩȣĬ˭Ҳû˵ֻԭǵ۾Ȼһ΢΢վвסظ෼ͮ෼ͮǵǵģ֣Ķӣ
˫ü˵ͷ
ͷԵø˷ˣǰһȴɫģ仯̫죬һʱЩܡ
ھӼһ̫űȻȻ˵϶ҵģæˣСĶӰ
̫һ£Ͱ͵΢΢ЩɻʣĸСࣿ
ͷһ§ļŵҪ㿪κͷ̫˷ܣôʹҲѲˣֻͷ˵ǴСһǸүҵľѾͷС࣬෼ͮ
˵ԹһĴȣ˵ǵģôˣ
̫վԭһ£ȻҲһϲæ˹ŶϿֿ°תߣתұߵģ˵ǳ񰡣
˵ţЦеߵ󣬳ŴڵķһᣬתͷԶ˵СһأҲ˰ɣô
ϻһĨʧ֮ɫ˵ʧˡ
ͷ̫һ£һۣû˵


92
̫ľȣϵƶ˰죬µʶ˵㡭ģ
һϷû׼ڣܹ˵Ĺϵסھ̫̫ᦵҲ˵
Ƕתһ±Դǵĵǣβɷģ·ˣ
ɫʱСҲһԴͷȥҲ
֪̫̾һҲû⣬˵ɣҪ߲ˣҴ㵽ȥЩˣôϲܻЩΪѡܲסͲˡ
ˣæڶǰ˵˾лĻ˻һʹĵı飬̾ҡҡͷʲôҲû˵תʹǳȥ
·ҿһᣬں˼䣬Ҫ֪Щھ̫̫顣
ƺԸᣬҿóǵı飬֮һȻˣŵһʳ˲١
ԭ;̫̫ͣסɽҲûôԶţɽҲûʲôģǹƽӡҪȾ̫̫ϵöࡣ
Ǳһ𳤴ĺӣ˼ҼһʶСҲҰ˵ģһȺӶһ棬ֻо̫̫ΪСֵܹԭ򣬴˶̥Լҵֵܽöų
ҹҲû̫̫ȥԺܿ÷ˮ𣬵ͯĴƹ÷ǳҸѹֳȥԺûҪ顣
֮ܳһʱ䣬̫̫ǸżĶͬҸ棬곤ĺСǹġ
Һܺͷ̫ôֻ;̫̫Ϊѵģڿ˵̫̫ͯľ˻Щ֮顣
һֱԱ˵һﲻҲǷͯҲ̫̫ô⣬̫̫ôҲǸͬܣ¶˸۸ˣ˶ȱҪһЩ
ͷ̫˵ͯʱЦЦʱ̾һᣬҲǻ»кָп
˵Ҳ˽⵽θ̫̫Ϊѵ顣ʵ˵򵥣žһδʧ𣬾̫̫ðȥ˸˳ʱ̫󣬺ö˶ҽȥ˭Ҳû̫̫ôСһӸ塣
Щȣ˵û뵽ఢ̵ͦİ
ͷ̾һĿ⳯Զһۣ·ֿ˵ľ˵ǵʱͻСҲˣһоǵģǺŷ֣Ѱģ
ҺСһ£Ҳ͵̧ͷŵĿͷ
ߵ̫ļ̾˿˵ʱСڻͲˡЩ˲ϳǽţǿܳȥ˿ޣŵøͲܶҲ֪СôģһᣬվǾͳܡǺ²ҶΪСıϻˣ˺ܴһ̡
ҳ˹ȥҵ˵ͷӦȷ̵顣
Ҳ벻׾̫̫ôģҹֻܹΪһԿηһյĴÿ춼Щ˱ӵǵ˭ûлȥο껹Ǹӡ
Ǵξ֮󣬾̫̫΢Сת䣬Ϊ˵Ҳʼܾ̫̫ĴڡȻ⿴ûʲôܶԾ̫̫˵ܹһˣƱκζҪҪͱ
̫̫һֱס˶ʮ꣬ܲ˴ЩĻվ뿪ˡ
ûкͼֻʰЩ򵥵Ҳֻ֪Ҫ뿪顣һϣǸ̫̫УȻȰܶ໰Ⱦ̫̫ȥʱҲŶþ̫̫ʮѹжô
ԺҲûյ̫̫Ϣ֪
ЩǿеĹ£ϾѾȥôˣҲ̫̫ӣ˵һۿ;̫̫ˡ
ͷ˵ʵⲢ֣Сڼŵھţ滹ĸ㣬üö񣬿ǣʵ͸Сһġ
˵ţ򶡶Ŀúö࣬˵ңǼмӣø⺢ҲЩֻڶʮüˣûһôġ
˵ǣ̫̫ʱȥˣһס˶ʮ꣬ʲôûˣȥƴ϶ҲǳףԹܶ࣬Ȼòʶĸף
һ˵ţһƹӵЩС·ȻĵطһǳͻĽש߽ṹԱߵҪ߳ܶ࣬ԲΣէ֮¾һﱤЩͬѰ
ϿֽͼƬЩƸͼҹ¥ͣҴûҲС
СͻȻһѣҶ˵̷ǽ
ҵͷ˼һᣬҲ̫˰ɡ
Ҳоˣǹ¥һۣɻ
װʲô֪ӣͷ˵үЩر𰡣ͦÿģʲôط
ͷ˳ָķһۣ΢۾˵ǰǴһ˵ãǼͰˣֻиݵĺţЩҲûǼһǴ˾ͺˣĳһСһԸĵط
ҿСŶŶֳСһ䣬˵զҪҪȥдţҲᦸ
СһЦ˵ȥ
˵꣬װһϵӣͷ˵үиëǷذݵġ֪ˣܲܽȥĸͷȻʼչȥԼϡ
ͷ¶ɫ˵û뵽ģҲЩطģլӵĺÿֻǽȥΣҲͳһʮ塣Ͼ˼סô˵ˣҲôš
ﰵëôô࣬Ӷĳˣ˶ʱܽȥ׸ʲôá
ֲֳֻܱװĵӣͷ˵˼ܰڳҲ£֪˽ʲô
ͷһ£˵ʱ̫ˣҲ֪ĸͷģүүСʱеĶǼƽʱҲ棬ҴżǵǼлլǸӣƱ㻹ҪСϼ꣬˵ǱȽϺƣ
һֻͦյģͻϿҲͦ䣬ǻᴵߣƾǸշôһˣЩʲô
ĳ񣬽һ£յߣ˵̷ûоҪҵĶ
ֵĿ˵Ŀģ
գգ۾˹¥һۣ˵ֻҪܳһĶҶ̲ס밡㿴ⶰ¥ԭлɣ˵ܸմߵ˭
һ£Ȼðһǳõͷɻ˵Ůл
ͷ˵УᦽҲģ


93 ϰ
ҸоЩľԱˣһ϶ô࣬һۣ˵ɶ˼ڰʾиܵأ
һµɴ۾˵̷Ȼһ¾ͷؼĵطˣôû뵽Ϊ᲻Զأ
ҺĿ֪̫߹ˣԼɵˡΪԼ˳˼·ţû뵽Լڿˡ
ú룬Ҳû̫̫ݶܳطҼҪ˭⣬һ㲻ϡ档
ֳǰһᣬͷͻȻͣסŲվһƾɵӵ£̽ͷһۣ˵ˣСĸҡǰ漸̫󣬶ѾˣŵļҲһëֻĸӹǻӲʡ
Ҳѧ̽ͷ濴һۣӷǳСǽϵѾ˲٣ݶϵ϶ﳤӲݣͺһΣһ
ֻһббľţŵĶѾɫˣܾûлһϵûУվ⿴һᣬʲô
ͷߵϣã˵Ļܴűϻгɤӳ󺰣˵ĸ磬ڼҰɣϵҰ㿴
һᣬûκλͷתͷ̫һۣ˵ˣƽʱʱĸ粻
üѵģΪϲ̫̫֪ҪԸɴˣ
С߽һЩվ˵̷Ųζ
Һͷͬʱתͷɻʣʲôζ
С̧ڱǰҡҡܲϢһ˵ˣϾ˰ɣôζŲ
ҺͷһֿۣҲȻĿСƺֻһܹŵ˵ζ
һ¶ûСĻع̫ȷӦϺݺһģżĽ˵ĸ磬㵹ǿŰ
һһʹţС̾һһѣ̧žͳľźݺ˹ȥֻԡһ죬ľʵ̫ϾɣȻֱӱСһߵˣ
͸һ˿ߣһҳסڱǣһۣⷿ󣬴ֻʮƽףжŵλãڷһӺͼͰľʣϻмĴͲ
˺ȻģӺ棬ȷʵһˣͺ˯һۣһ
ͷ̫Ŷǳţæ˽ȥһ˵֣ɵһϢ΢΢һϵıʱͽסˡ
ҺͶûнȥֻվ⿴ǡСüͷǰȥǺ΢΢һۣ˵˾䣬ȻģƽʱȻһ㣬ʱûʲôʹࡣ
ͷһ⻰͵̧ͷ˵ôģĸƽʱӹǶôôϢûˡ
СջĿ⣬˵ٺã㿴ͣҲʲô顣
վ⣬Ͷһۣ˵ҲݣȻûʲô飬ԼˣӦҲǸζ
һֱߵһᣬ͵˵һ䣬Ӧñʮɣ˵Ҳʮˣپȥûʲôźġ
˵ţһڣǲǸ֪ͨˣ׼ˡ
˵꣬˶ûκηӦֵĿһۣɥڵϣޱ飬ƺûӸղŵĴ̼ع
ҪǷͷڰ֣ܾ̾˿˵ˡҲ඼ǰֻˣֻû뵽⵽󣬻ܼĸһ档
⻰֣ƧģھӹҪһ壬ӦҲ¡ͷֿƺﻹʲôǲ˽ķһ
ͷҡҡվǣǲ֮ɫֳ̾һҡҡͷ˵û취ˣǽҲ߲ˣڳȥ治̫ƽˡ
ҵֵô˵ҲûҪߵĴ㣬æӦɴү㿴ǲҪ֪ͨǼʬ壿
ͷ߹һ˲䣬ҸоͺһϰʮһԭӲࡣǣҡҡ֣˵ˣûϰףжģȥӡ
⻰˶Ǵ۵С۵ģЩ벻⻰˼ֻͷǵ뿪Ҫʲô
ǵ̫˲۽ǵˮ˵ҿǼӣʲôΪĻˣûԸİڼҲߣ治ȫΨһİ취Ǵˣ˽뿪ɡ
⻰ЩĪղͷҲ˵治̫ƽˣǰߣڿʬ󣬷ûķףҸû˵йѵ˵м仹ʲôʣ
̫ƺԸֻིǰæ˵ˣʬ̧ȥˡŸŪãҪʲôǧҪ鿴һҹȥҲƽˡ
ɷѽⲻѣСͷ΢۾Цһţô˵ǿɲװӲˣǺֲʶôס
С⻰˵÷ǳϿң֪ʵװģأһŹ͹ˣ˵ĵطǲļˡ
˵Ҳ㹻Ӧˡ̫ǰϵţƺ֮˰죬̾Ϣһ˵ģ֮󣬸ϣͻжʬڶһжָԭ״ʬҲԶĲˡ
ô˵оͺиһ˵꣬ʬҲһȥ
Сֳһŵӣ˵ţֲС˵ЩŻǸ
̫ɫ㱣һᣬЩΪѵ˵ҲŻǣʲôҲû㿴ܣصҲûУǵķ϶дǶʱ̲ס͵ǰЩ˺棬ʬһʧˣҲûгֹҲ֪ǶģֻҪˣ֪ھͻڹѾڴˡ
ҸЦһ˵ţ˼˵ǽҪ뿪ӣȥû׼˰ɣô֪ûء
̫Ų¶ͷϵĺˮ˵ǴСǿŹģļˣͰʬ̧ȥ⣬ȻӸߴңǶҪˣ˶ڼҳڶһʬ岻ˣһжúõġţǴˣԲܳ͵ȻϣҲһߣ
һҲ֪ʲôĵ񶼳ˡ̫űǳأÿ仰һ˵ڣȷʵһ˼
ҿ˶СһۣҲڳ˼ţû˵
ʵסﶼνඥ˵飬ЩӦں̫˵仰֪ﴫһ죬˵꣡


94 ʬ
̫ˢһվ˵ˣǸϿģʬ̧ȥȻŸŪ˾ͱ
Ƕû뵽ķӦôһʱţûж
̫ſһۣ˵ǿ찡ѵҪŪɡ
ӦСһԸı飬û취̧ͷ̧ŵİʬŪ˳ȥ·м䡣
طΪᱻɴ󲻾ﷴȻ
̫ſһۣ˵ˣˣҲøϿؼҡ
ĩˣŶһۣ˵СĶӣҲϣǳʲô飬Ҹղ˵ǻҪסˣϾͺúôʲôţǧһʱ涪С
ո£תʹҴææˡƺǳ£еҪϻؼȥ
ҳܵĽֵһۣﱾϾûʲôˣһųȥͺĩһֻһṦ򣬼ҼһŽգҲһӰͣӶʱһƬšͻȻ˵ĿɲС
ҿһµϵʬ壬ӿһֱҪˣҲѶûУǻһӣߵʱǹһˣ᲻ÿ
ĳСһͷ˿վűߣҪѵŸŪкҹȥæ
ҿһ£ʵ̫ˣɫҲǶܹǰס治˿ֻһƣ϶ᵹ
̾˿һСŪһǣ˵طϰףҲֹ⼸ʮˣѵʲôʬô
С˵ҪǳҪУǶǺ͹򽻵ģ飬ûʲô˽⡣
û˵һԣһĿ·еʬ塣ãվĳĵҿӣͦɱģ뿪ʵǶԵģֵطͲ˴ģµģ鶼ˡ
һᣬ˵ҲϾɽ߳ȥ˻ЩϰһʱܱģҲܲˡ˵ģ뿪ˣԼһƬ졣
ҡͷ̾Ϣһ󣬽£û˵
ҺСŪãٲ׵£ŸŽӡ
棬оںģʲôⷿһ㶼͸⣬ҲȡӶûͨ磬һҹֻܿȻˡҺʱûָ˳ҵ·˲ǿܹ
Ǵ治ţСʱȥˡС±Ƚ϶࣬ҽ˲͹ǰϵţܹʱ䡣
ˣͬоʱ䣬ҲʮˡҲ֪̫˵ġǶʲôʱ
վ׼һӹǣû£һϤϤԶĽֵ
һ°ϵ˵һ䣬ˣ
ûĹߣʱʲôʵ̫ˣҲ֪ǾʲôֻЩëȻͺһּĶʯĦһ
ĵţһᣬѾ⣬ԽԽԵ÷ǳңۼźܶһ
ŵһ£ʾȥ֮ǰΪ֪ĻʲôǲóȻȥͬˣһΣ԰ǳȥ
ⷢﻹйڣֻҪʱȥͺá
ܵĹĶŵ˹ȥſź̽ͷǽķ϶濴һӣоȻǹҲЩµģȻֱӾͿ˲Ƴȥȿڻ
ҲֻǶЩͷı˵㿴ʲôˣ
û̻شֻǹ⿴ţһᣬһãȻĻعͷǱȻ
ҿָָԴŮһһŤﰡ˵ʲô
ڶйͬԵģһ¾Ϳˣȵ˵⡰ǶŮߣ
æĴָο
һʱüͷҲˣ̫ŵĻʬ壬ǱŮ߳˰Ůǹ¥Ǹģѵ˵һжĹ
Сһ£ֱǰ˵ûô򵥣Ů߳ˣҪԷ֣˴ӦŻ֣ʬԲ˵ˣǶûлӦĶûȤġЩȥǵˣƾŮߵ
ϸϸĶǷǳңҲ֪ڣжֹ
֪࣬Ҳûôˣܵղŵվλã۾濴ͻȻȵ˵һЩһʬˣŹ¥ȥˣ
һЩȻǸѲ˹ϵһ־òԣ̫˵´СʱʼˣͱһҪСһЩ֮ǰ϶кܶ飬ˣʬ嶼ˣôĿʲô
벻Ȼһᣬһ˵ڶŹ¥ȥˡ
һ䣬ͰѷŸƿҺСһ
ҳ濴һۣĽֵϿտҲûŮߵӰӣϵʬҲˡ
һѣ˵ǹȥôŪ
˵˳ȥ£ҲæȥѹŽŲ¥ܣŪ̫졣ɫǰ濴һۣʱͷƤ飬ǰԶĽֵϣֻܿںһѣ߰ĳǰ䶯š
Ȼҹ￴óжֲ
ʹС˵ֻҪӦǵĺû⣬˭ܱ֤ûɥĲ˾ҧġ
ǿĺǱһξ룬ȿ쵽¥ʱԶԶһᣬֹ¥ǹŵģЩŮҲûͣǰĽŲһһʼǽڳȥôһţǾʬ壬̵š
ת֮䣬¥ǽڶѾˣܼģԴӣͺһѨȴЩҡ
ֵһᣬֱ½ӣȫʧ֮󣬲˿
Сʣô죿ҪȥǵԺ
룬˵ԺƾûˣҲܽȥҲû˷ʲôɵĵطˣƾûˣܲɱ˵´Ρ
ͷ˵ʲôҾͰǰһѣɻĿң˵̷
˵Ů߶ǰǿ·
룬ڿϲϲߵǰ棬ǱȻһ£˵ϡ
ҸС鲽ţԼ䵥ˡſڣҲһأûȥײһ¡
ұΪŵģû뵽ôһŪ֨ѽһʹˡ
ҵͻȻܳʲôſԺ澹Ȼ쳣һ춯
ǴųĹһ׸ߵĵܣҪҷӦΪվһʲô
΢⣬ҳŵϸƣܿŵģһϰŮˣ°ǳβһΩΩФŴſڣͺڶǿһ
Сʶһ˵ʲôŮߵڣ
һᣬȻæǣⶫ֪Ǵ˵ĴŮ洣


95 
СüͷɵŮ洣Ǹ
ҵͷ˵ǵͷ˵ﱻĳôҲ֣˵ʵںܶСǵҺͷһϵķֲһЩ֮⣬Ů͵ŷ֮١
Ůڴ˵е󣬾ǺŮЩƵģִڣЩĻｫΪЩطֳΪΪ֣ζ壬ͿԸ⽫һʲôλá
Ҵû뵽ֵطĵܣ΢΢һᣬ̫δذԼ֪鶼ǡ
˵Ծ̫̫̬ȿԿйڵġĻͬʱֻż˵Ŀ־塣ǼȻŷŮ洣϶Ҳ֪Ůߵ顣
˵ĺĲΪ˭ʹͺһ£Ҳ뷽跨ȥŪʲôΪ棬вŮģǹǵ飬ڶഫ֮£ұȻղʵʲô֡
ŮȻЩ⣬ܹһЩ
վſڳ￴һᣬŮŪ̫棬һ˫۾ϾڿǣŪҺܲ
ǰ˼Сæסң˵㲻ỹȥɣ
ҵͷ˵ҪͶţҺ͵ȥиʲôԾҲһ¡
һ֣Լ÷գ˵ãôˡ
СٻЩԥһᣬʲôǶ֪ôðȻȥҪˣҲ㡣
˵ЩףΪԲǵҳˣҲҪõöࡣ̫̫ȻĿĲЩ϶Ҳڡ˵أûô
˵ţҳһѣ˵ұҲһˡ
ңһ£ȻظһЦƺ˵ҷһ
ĵһůܹ˵ģȻ˵ôûʣҪ˵һ㶼£ƭˣһҲŹᣬҲ붡Сҷգʼջ˭ߣ̶ѨҲҸҴһѾοˡ
ҳ˻֣˵һҲע㣬Ȼתûʲô飬ͳԺȥ
ⶰ¥мһƬǳĿյأ䶼ߣһԲҲûеƣںһƬǽɫܹܵһС
ֵǣ¥Ȼһ춼ûУǰЩŮߣͻȻûټһе춯˿
ŲŲӣԺ롣Ժм䣬һźܴһǿƷ֣ͬľҪߴö֦࣬ɴ׳ݣڼԺӶסˣֻϡ¹ӷ϶͸ڵճ߲Ӱ
̧ͷһᣬӰҲʲô
ҼǰŲӣǻû߳ͨһ죬ӿһ¡
͵һ£ŲҲʱֹסˡתͷ۽ǵߣһۣ־Ҽ֮ĵطһںĶһ
ҸպʲôһͲҿˡ⾹ȻǶǸݵʬ壬ôһˤѾˣղŻûټƾյ˳
һۣһƽһ½ŵ顣
Сվ⣬ǸǶȣõңʬֻ˼ͻȻͣЩżҿǶҪĴ㣬ֱҰ˰֣ʾû£ա
ҲȥǸʬ壬ϻЩϡŹֵĶ
ֻ˳ĵطͷȥҹʵ̫ڣʲôͨ͸Ϊ˱ֻܰʱСͲ˳ȻȺͷΧޣڷЯһҾˡ
ԭڹģΪȽϺӰԼмڿѾˣҪĲ̽͵ŪԷ״ֻܲԼһ˱¶
ҴֵͲһ΢ĹȻ󽫵ƹ⳯Ŵ֮˹ȥ
է֮£ֻЩҵ֦Ҷڵƹ·Ӱɨͷ֦һȦûзκ쳣ĵط
ɻͷŽֵͲĹ߳һתһԵʬ忴һۣʬ˱ҵЩŤ֮⣬ʱ󣬱黹Ƿǳƽֻ΢Щ
˿ŶС˸OKƣСһЦ̧׼ӦңҲʱǰɳɳٶеĶһͣæ̧ͷȥ
ȷǴϴģȴֻ֦Ҷȴûĵطֻڶݷ
ҲսеĵͲʱ򣬲ʲôܱҵʹһ
СͶĿҲ˫˫̧ͷ˹ȥ
Ǿôɵɵţ֪˼ӻʮӣɳɳ⣬ʲôĵطû֡ҲǷ紵ҵŮŪֶ⣬ʵ벻ʲô
һᣬȻͣͻļžһʱӦʶΪϵĶʹ˳ˡ
ǵһңһָ˳ָķֵָǸطʲôûУ˼룬һŮ˵Ȼ֦ת˳
ƹ£׷ǳ԰ףһ˫۾Եÿն֮תͷҿ
ҽ˽ȭͷֱһ᲻˭ҵ֣ҾԶտڲ
һǵ͹ǵף֦̾˳鲼ڡϱ鲻һЦޣ֦ͬһһӡղŻһټڣͷϵŮߵӰӣң
ԶԶһ䣬˵ҿαװ
ЩŮ߸ûһ˫˫۾˹еϲ򱯣һһĽкҵ֣˵̷̷̷
æסԼĶ䣬ԼҷһöûУǵ·޴ڣͺǧΧ㣬Ͻкֻ֣㲻ͷʱ򣬳Ǻһס죬ĻȴĽ֣ǱЩŮ߷ʳ
ʱһ˿⡣ݽҧ촽ѾܸоѪζԼһֲסͿڻشǡ
ҳһۣȻᦳ΢΢һ£ԼǲǸüǰŮ߹ͷﵣǣûмȥĶ
ȻʱҺȻһҹԵ󣬵ȴܴеĽкУ·һ죬ѹס
Ů߼ͬһʱ˿ڣֻصԭֳѹֵ״ֻ̬ǵûжϾ
æѰԴͷǰߵһĽŲæŴһ㣬֨ѽһһӵűƿˡ


96 ܵ
ҽĿڴ棬ҲȥͷŮߣ̫֣ȫסͬʱһ⶯ķΧͺҿŵһǽһ
΢΢࿪ӣŵķСһۣͿڰ֮Уһ˳һֻ͹ĵӣû̳߹ֻվſڣԺɨһȦȻȻһ䣬˵ҿˣöزصģɣ
һ˵Сթأúúõģ͸ۣȻĿõҡ
ôţҲû͵˱صĺúõģͻȻ˳ȥѵסͺСҪѶסһѾˡ
ɵҪһ붡ĻͳɹȥһţǸᦣ˵Ҳصĺúõģôҵģ
վԱߣҲһɻĵͷ
ҿСŮ棬ȫһҪײı飬֪Һڵһġ
˶͵һסһ˵ôôˣ
һſ˵ܲţ֪ˣ鶼Ĺ
˵ţϵʬһָ˵ǸҾ˾ˣҪô
˳ʬһۣŶһ˵֪ǴˣȻʹЩ˲ʮ񣬵ڻϵʱ򣬶ҲµˡҲþȡ
˵ţеĵӣһֻģɣҪʬ壬ʹȥҲģǸлڻϾһҲ֪ô֣ҲûԸı¡
мĺһ˵Ҫʬʲôҿڵʦаħȥ
˵ĶԻоԼ磬ͺС˵һԽ˵ζԽŨͶ꽻Թ۵˶ܲˡ
ҿ󷭸ֻۣŶܹЩص㣬ôĿʲôԼǷĺʲôϵ
Цһ˵͹ˣֲҪʬ壬ܵʲô
ŵӳһָֽ˵ղҪûĻǽ̷԰ɣҪ̷Ҷٻ뵽Ŀġ
һڣ˵Сүն־òףæĿڵСүûգͽж
˵꣬Ȼߺһ˵̷˸ղŶˣ㻹Ÿʲô
ҶʱоƣһԼŴ˳һۣҲЩȣû뵽ﻹһˡҾԼˮЩ̫ˣæѧŶӣŮСһ䡣
С߳ʱһµһƽҺͶͷϣ˵ô˵
ľˣڻϼҺͶ϶֪ǻСԮһǱȭͷҲ̷ܰˣǰᵱȻͷЩŮ߲ҡ
ҿƽһ飬ĿȻҿ˹´һᣬ˵ϴҴææĽӴһ£û뵽̷
ͷ˵𳶵øҺһģȻǸᦣֶôǿŮߣڻϵʱ򣬸װһӣƭүүأ
ǸЦһ£˵ӦҵĿദɣΪᦣײⲻ˵ġһСˣҲֻѡûʲôܹŮߵͣȫǿѡ
еĵǰſӵΣѰĵӲͬͨɫ˱Щѵļ󣬿ʲôƳɵġ
ҲⶫʲôطֻܴյСߣⶫʲôϡģ
С˫ֻЦһ˵ǹǵѣ˵ļɵĶѹһŮ߶ء
һЩģȡĶξֻҪ뵽ڿУҶһθ
ϴŵЦ⣬ȻͲ󣬳ҲԹɵģЩ飬һܲˣ˵һᦣҪʬЩûкôŪʲô
Ȼ߽һ˵Ҳ֪ҪûãҲܲҪҪס㿪ֵɧţֻܿЩʬԴԴϵͽɷأҲܰٹ֡
Ѱ˼˼Ӧþͺ·ңְ˵ķˮֲ࣬һԶΪˣӦþӪһùΪ֮µĻǲӽܴﰲ
ֶΣδһЩռʬ壬Ůͬ࣬ﲻ֪ж˺ϣͺ·ңһԹͬ
ҹعӵ⣬ȴһƷ˵ɡСӦ죬룬Ϳʬ屻ߵ飬˵꣬˵ҲмʮˣҪסÿᦣһ治ţᦵĴһģܹ͵ģҲֻ
ҿе֪ش𣬿û뵽СһۣͻȻЦˣָҵҵĻɡ⣬ҸȤǣǸ̷ɽȻʲô˽⣿
СǼһ£ɶȻĳ˹üͷ΢΢ţƺΪʲôһ
ұǿòˬæһųǻʲô˼Ҫ֪ôãʱڻϾͲ㣡
ңȻҲСһ΢΢һ㶣תЦˣЦݺ͸ղѾȫͬͺһЦЦһ
ֳ߽վǰҲһߵľ룬ͷ΢΢ҵһЩһ˫۾ƫең˵ӣҲһʲô֪ЩᦵĹϵ⣬̶ܴΪ㰡̷磡
΢΢һ𣬾ͺûһʶ㡭ղŽʲô
û˵˷ܵĿˣ˵̷簡㿴ɣû´ɣ
һȻĿ˶һۣ⣬Ա߳˴Ĵָһ˼ӺٺЦͷ
ľȻһܵܣֱѻ˵ˣ
ҶڿԴһŭһ仰ʵ˭Ķӡ
΢΢ԴҼӣ˵Ұְֽ

ҿظһ֣һʱ仹мİУתһ룬Ȼˡ
ǰˣᦣȻС˵Ķӣ
һֱΪСǹ¼ҹһǸӣȻòѣҲǸûǣˡû뵽ȻһӣǸᦣѾô󣬶ɽż˵顣
һûܴ˾ȵϢﷴӦ˵̷磬Ҫ֪Ůռʬ飬ģҲռλöѣ


97 
һۣƾðĵܵܣȻȷе˵ӦýܲŶԡڳ֮УӦСģ֮£µķ֮ȣȴеκһˡ
ûоɫ˿̿ǰǵȻöࡣ
Ҳ֪СǲҲסһ𣬿һλһҪңһҪֲҵӣǲԸġţЩԵĿ࣬ԶһҪöࡣ
Եǰǹɳ嶯ѾȻ޴ˡ
ĬãҲ˵ģռҵλãʲô˼
΢΢ͷҵĿûжȻһЦҰְǰңΨһľˣΪҵѾ˽ЩĹˣڿҲֻͷԵĴ˶ѡ
ˡ֣꣬µľֵ֣Ŀʲô׷ڣû˿ͷеļˣһݣһǾ˵ʱǶһߣͨӣƽӡ
ǵԺ󣬰ǵһŽҿŷѲʶˡ
ٶȳĬ̾һ˵ҵҪ֪԰ɣ
ҵͷ׼
ԥһᣬС͵һ˵Ҫ֪ҿԸ㣬ǲ
򶡶ǣ˱鶼ЩӡСĮĿӾᣬһᣬüѿ˵ҲǼ˵飬ǴģҪҲ˵ҾͰѸһѻˣ
飬ðպҵģΪ˾̫̫ˣںòһ˿ͺһҲ׷
һᣬ˭
Ҳڽһ£̫̫ĴݺĹϵ˵ˡɫƽûκα仯ֻû˵ˣҲû֪ģҲֻǹ̷ң趼ϱߡ
˵ЩʲôȴСסˡСһĮģֵ˵ʲôȥ˵ˣǾţҿȸ㣬̷һҲҪһȥɱʲô⡣
С˵ţֳͷϵŮ߿һۣУЩǸоȫ
ЦЦ˵ĺˣ˼ҶҰѹǵѽǣԿŮߵжǷ˰ɣ
Сͷû˵æֽǵѽӹȤİ
ûк֮ǣҲŷһЩһѣźʹ˸ɫ˵
Ҹ˽ȥںģʲôһСĻײΣ۵ƺһ
æֵ򿪣ܿһۣⷿͨͺһ򵥵鷿һԵļϣѷŸ鼮Ҵſһ£ֶֻЩγ鱾ѡûʲôֵĵط
ĿЩ鱾棬ЦһСʱѧ顣Ȼ͵úһֶʶˡ
һ鱾ϱ߽ǶѾֽҵʼƣһܺĻҳĻá
ҷƤһۣһҳϣббд֣
ͺÿСʱ򣬶ϲдԼ֣һһֻѧУô˭ҲʶĴЩôģҲ󲻳
ҵһЦ˵Сǰطдֵİɣ
΢΢һ£鰵˼֣ҡͷǣǱˡ
죬˵ôѵ˺ס
ǿЦһûлشңֻǰѻת˵ôЩҲҲΪʲôҪܵҴ𰸣ֻҪʹ費ͺˡ
֪˵裬ҲζӳɣֻѾȥˡ
ŶһӦԺƽûоҲûбˣֻ̧Щ鼮һ˵ţŲ֪͵طİɡ
΢΢ȣûбֳֻ˵
ͷ˵Сʱ򻹼һΣסһ죬Ҳûʲôӡˡ
ҳĬû˵Сʱô̶һʱ䣬Ҳʲô䡣ͺһͻȻİһü꣬ʱʱ䣬ҲˡͺñڣһСѧͬѧܼסĶѾˡ
һܣһ˵벻ҲһҡҰְִȥңȻڵҡҲǸӣʱֳҲŴˣϾСʱ򿴵ԼĸĸᣬǺǿġ
˵֮Ͱ͵ˣ
ͷ˵ǰҴطûйָҹɧšҰְҲһЩߵĵΪ㳼ĹϵȻҲǽġ
ʵϲ֣ҲûľٶǳҡȻ˵ΪҰֲظֻ˳һֱҺ͵֮䣬һƻæ꣬˺͹֮ꡣû˭Ҫ˭Ĺϵ
ԲôġҿЩʧ䣬ֻʵʱҼҲûʲôģҼլѰĹǲܿġ
һۣ˵Ҫס㻹ܹʮͨ˵
̾˿ԭ
û˵ֻǿϵ鶼ŪȻʹһƣƿλá
վԭزֻĶԭܵĵһãźȻŵϵתͷһֻ죬ϵתͷ¶һض
һôصսƵģŪôޡ
̧ͷһۣҰϵסݹȥȼԺ󣬾ŵضȥҸϡ
æ׷ĽŲŵͲһض֮£һ̨ܳףҲ֪ͨʲôط˳̧ȥʶ̨׺ܳת䣬·һԲһֱ¡
еķΧҵֵڰ͸һ⡣һᣬڵһ㣬̨һ䣬ǰһвŻȻʡ
ǰȥǰһϵһһ̧ͷһۣǰǽϣһľҶѾǳϾˣ֣ɸоԾϡл
ҳһᣬǰľ⣬ʲôûУǽϣȴֵ֣һ·ЩлľӶ࣬ȫм侹ȻŲ̷յ
ĩβһΣһлյ֮󣬾һ̷յġ˷ѭš
ҿ֣ǲһ
ڶ̷Ұְֵ֡
һлǶŮ


98 л
վһﲻĿҵĶֱҷ֣žȵĻعͷ
ָǽϵ֣ʵô£ΪʲôҰְֺл֣棡
ǽһۣ˵лǽϵģÿ˵֡ˣҵҲ档ֻξͲһˣһĵġ
˵ʲô˼˵ҰְѾˣ
ߵԱߣ̷֣˵ԭְͣҲࡣȻ棬ǾѾˡ
˵϶ʲôԾģС˸ңҰڷ֮ҳߵġԺҲûлһҪʱʶ裬һң
һۣ˵磬𼤶Ұѻ˵ꡣ
һ¿ˮʲô˵
ߵǽߣһл֣һ£ſڵʵҶְֵ鲢ֻ֪ǰлｨⶰӣǽϳֵһ̷Ҳ˽ҷֱһʼлҵ˾Ӷ࣬һÿÿֻһ˳
һ£ּڣҵ˶òˣҵԽ㡣ҵĻǰһˣֵľ̷ңҲĸס㸸ˣлһûһĺˣֻɳְͬл
Ҳел֪ĶŮǲͬһˣ̷ҺлЩԨԴĻǾ˹ҲӦҵ鷳Ŷԡ
ƽһ˼ſ̽Ե˵֮ǰҲһлĶŮ
΢΢һȻתͷȻһʧң𡭡
ҵͷģǶŮӦþлû
һᣬС˴ӸһʼͶŮһġڿӦҲʶ˵㲻ᣬҲҪѪɡ
ң˲Դ˵ҪѪʲô̷ػĶҿɲԸô
һǲģֵлְ֣Ҫ
Цһ£ǽл֣˵ҲŲҪЩʲôҺҰְ֣жûԼǲסˡֻϣԼܹúûžˣ㿴ǸлѾǰлˡ
û˵ֻ˼лѾˣҲ˵
ֳǽϿŵһ£˵ղ¥ңǲҰְֽʶְɡʵ͵ԺҰְ־Ҳûгֹˡ˭ҲܲӣŹһ죬һ졣
ûв廰ֻ˵ţһµ˻Щʹ಻Ĺ֮Сһǽϵ֣һ˵˵֪Ĺ¡
걻͵ʱ򣬻ֻǸĺӣʱлˣл
Сֻ죬ܲʱͺ׵Ӿӵһ˵úţ뿪һͻġ
ˣǴԺҲûС˳ֹʼ֣ʼ˼ʱˣ֮ĸ飬ȴˡ
Ҳ֪ôοźãʵԼƣ˵ҸףҲûκθ顣
һۣϵ˵ϰˣҲЩ˵̷ҽһ磬㵱ˣֻһѪԵѡʵÿ˵֣Լо̵ͦġ˼Ҷ˵ѪŨˮҼûܹһԼ˵ĸ顣
Ҳ֪˵ʲôãҾͺͷʴһ˵޻˵ҿܵܣֻ̾Ϣһ§§ļ
ûʲôӦֻתͷȥǽϵּ֣˵
С뿪ԺΨһˣҲֻеʱлˡ˵ӡлǸʣЦŮˣסֵطҲûлʲôı顣
ֻǵԼŸףлڻһһ鰲οȤҪģֱԼ޵ˣŻ˯š
лȻҰְͬҪС࣬лʱ򣬲Ҳֻʮ߰͡˴Ժ󣬾ͳ˶ԷΨһĴڣʼΪ
һʮ꣬˵Ƕʱ䣬лĸоͺĸһд֣ǿĻȥ
˵ЦһֿңȻ꼶ʮ꣬ʱҾͺĸһֻҪҵ飬΢Ҵûҵ裬Ұ˵ҳʱʱҲˡСʱҲ֪иʲôоǺлһҾӦþġ
ÿᵽл֣϶ʶһЦЦݺůԷθҿóлĸӦ÷ǳáϧлˡ
ʮôȥˣʱѾʮ꣬л̷лҵ飬Ҳ˽⡣
˵ֱһ죬һŮ˴ҲΪĵлˡ
˵УȭͷҲһ˿ߺޣĪ
ʱǸŮˣŽŵģû뵽ԼģȷһҪл
ûлȥḶ́ƺǶξȷĸңϵĶŮͲл
ɶŮҪһ긽˵ϣʳֱ꣬ԺȫſʱҲͱɴˣҿģֻһл壬ȴռݵǡ
ҳĬŵ˵ͷֻǺǸлŮʲôһõĴȴҾġ
˵ǸŮˣǸƤ
һ·ңеĻ˻ȥʲôҲû˵
ǶĬһ£ֱ˵˻عżл˾ûˣ̷ֵһ˳ˣҲ㡣
ǸӣһᣬſڵȻΪʲôȴ㣿
Цһ˵ƣˣᦣ뿪ȥһӶֻܴʱˣҹǵѣ˵Ҵ
ҶʱһУȻҲ谲źõ𡭡
һʱ֪ôҲ͸ҵ˼ֳЦЦ˵磬ʵҲûʲôұҲûбѡ񣬲ͦлģҪҾͲлˣû׼ܻڡҲĸԸġ
Ÿҿ۾ǸεĸоȥһЩ
Ҽæʣ̷ҺлΪʲô
Ŀɨǽ֣һ£˵㲻֪ɣ緢Ѫĵط
һ
ֵֻлӣ̷Ѫ꣬ǺüǰõķֹΪȥЩֹȵɧţ
˵ֱ꣬ңֵֻļңǣģ


99 ʬ
ᶨⷴҲ֪ôӦֻϢеҪʱúһ룬ߣҪ֮ǰ֪Ƚϡ
ȣ֪صݣǴС˿ʼһϵеķչҲ֤ʵĻûдͺĻȽиܴ⣬ǹҸ׵ģҼҵ⡣
Сûи̷лҵ飬֮УȫҼɳ⣬Ѱ˵ӣҸףҲΪܽݶҳߡ
ڿĻиܴΪĴڡ
ҼǵǸʱС˵ĻǳţֻΪһϵ飬ҵĻɽСӶʱҵѪһȷʵ˵Ҽϵϲ˸ϵ
ǣСΪʲôҪƭңȻ֪һУһҵݶ̶ΪʲôҪ̷ҵ顣
ߣȻС֪лݣҲ֪ڱ˶ŮһǺɱлĻƤһġСΪʲôҪǺѪꣿ
һĻͬʵġԴ˵
ҾãҪŪһ㣬ҰְӳΪˣʶ֮ǰ֮󣬻߸˵ҳǰǳ
ҴʱƶϣʱҰְѾˣлѾΪµˡҰְ뿪飬ȻףҲ֪ʲôԭ򣬵ҵʱӡġ
Ҳ˵л֮ǰҰְʵһֱڼһţû뿪˵ҪõĴʱ䣬Ұְ뿪֮ҰְֵʱڼһȽϣͺֹۣܲΨһܹ֤ʵ˵ҰְֳΪ˺̵ܶʱ䣬ͻȻȥˣȻл֣顣
ҾãŪҰְǺʱΪ⣬һҪĹؼ
һᣬڳʵл֮󣬻ʮˣ֪֪Ұְһ˶೤ʱ䣿
΢΢˲ͷ˼˰Σڵƺи߰꣬Ƕʱ俪ʼİɡ
һ⻰ʱ;òףǶʱ䣬Ұְһֱڼ߰ôһ˵æȷôʱ䣿
ͷлİְ֣ʮģ֮˾㸸ˣֱҲȥˣֵл
һĴȣ˵ĻԣļǵҰְǶʱǴڼģûпطҪһţǵʱˣ;ԲҰְ֣
һ£˵ⲻܣ
뷨ԽԽᶨ˵ôܣҰְֵʱܹͲܳطԴû׼˴Ұְ֣ȻǸˣҰְҲʧˣ˭Ҳ֪ȥ
û˵ңĬ˰ΣȻ˵ˣǲܵģ
һӣüͷ΢΢ţ΢Щ͵ı飬ȴǳᶨͻȻɻæ˵ѵĽͣ
ȻӵվӸµĿң˵
һ䣬תͳȥæĽŲһΣŷʯǽ֮ϣȻһţͺһҪ߽ϸĻֲŵĴڣǽ漸Ȼһ塣
վǰеݸңȻȥ
ֻ¡һ죬ǽһŶʱƿһ϶滹лҳŷһôֻ漷ȥ
Ҹ󣬳ſһۣڵ£û˿ȫƾֵ磬ǿһС鷶Χ
ɾˣĿﳯʲôֻⷿǳ󣬴ЩˣǵĽŲܼһ졣
Ҹ󣬼һֱǽߣԽԽζԽԽҼ뷨ûˡֻҪһ͵סθǿҵĲʸС
ֵ糯ŷһ£ʵ̫΢һ㱵ֻһĶ棬ʲôֿ
ǰȻͣ˵ѿڱסӲͨ磬ζɢҲ٣ǶÿһЩ
˵ţǽһ£סһľϸһŷһѣܾûù滹ճŲ˿
һ£һ̾ȼǶ֪Ƚϡѵȼտܼļ١ĻҲ
ĻѳһΣʱ˺ܴķΧ˳Ż⿴ȥ̲סһ
ǰЩʲôӣһڿڹײģм䣬һڽһڣųһԲеλãһ͹ŹֵĹײģһغֱֵܴ֦׿ںһƬǳ⡣
ãȻĳ˹ȥڵʲôͰЩײҲûʲôǣҲŪŵʲôˡ
ǰ˼ڽ͵ܰڷŶʮ˾߹ײģǰնʮ޵ֵġмһڶľףۡ
ҳǰϸ˿ŷЩײĶݷõλöǳܴĸǶȿȥ״һģһеĶľЩر֮⣬Ŀͨ
˵Щʲô˼
Դһۣ˵ΪƷղ˵Ļ
˵ţһڹײģѵУȻֳŹײĸȥ
ŷЩײĶûзһƣǸӾͺ¡һűһᣬһҳ
һʱ䣬Ǹζǿˣæסڱǣ֪ҪЩʲô
һϵĻҳתͷң˵ɡ
һ벻ʲôÿģײʲôˣܻô࣬˭֪Щʬģ˵ã˵ˣʬǱ档
ô룬Ҳû˵ֻüͷ˼̽ͷǿڹײ濴ȥ
ȷʵһʬ壬֪Ѿ˶ˣϺܶƤⶼѾõòӣطѾ¶˰׹ǡ
ǿǹɶζϸһᣬϴ·ʮǰĿʽЩϾɣ񣬾Ժ˲ͬ
Щɣǲȷֻܳ˹ȥײ˭
һۣ˵Ʒ۵֤ݰײŵģ㸸ף
ʵѾµˣֻȷ϶ѡ࣬ﾹȻһʧĸо
˵ʬѾˣҲ࣬Ҳ֤ʵݡ
һԸϣֵʵʬڷŵλãѾұǿڹײһһλΪûлʬ壬ﻹûб仯˰ɣŵģ˵ʬ壬㸸ߣлַŽȥģȷݵĻҲһְǷ񻹻ţһط
һоôһԽԽǺ£ģҰְ֣ҼǸҽְֵˣ˭


100 ׵
ԽԽӣ˲Ұְ֣үүΪʲôһ仰Ҳ˵ǣʬôܲ͡ĶһǿɾţˣȻҲʶ˲ٹ֣һǲܹһġ
Źײʬ壬ܾöû˵һ仰ֱһ£Żع̾һ˵ȻЩоһ㣬ְֲ֪ǹ㲻ܵģܱҺõö࣬ҰֻţҲûв
ûгԼеĲ档ǰͺӰӣһСʱ򣬼Ҹ׵Ӱģֺʵһǰ߸õʬ壬ˣ·ֲɡ
뵽ҸоԼͷʹˣ֪ԼжϡҲ֪ʲô⿪һգֵ֮ȴԽԽࡣ
ѹײĸǴӵأĶ΢ЩҳĬôһᣬߵߣѹײ¸ϡ
ѵˣֻܰʬͣط
ҡҡͷ˵ֻͦһʱѣ֮ǰҲˣǽϵж٣ڷŹʬж٣ײֻжʮ˿ڣֻҪµʬϵһ߾תˡ
ҳܻһۣĻЩײɵģ̷Һлҵˡ
ǣЩײİĿʲôתƵʬȥռЩʬΪʲôܶûĹصģŮ߽ŪֻܲΪ߸ѡ
ҰʸҲûκֱӸ˵ǵҸ˵İɣѪ﷢ֵġ
ҵͷʾ˵ȥ
û̽ӻǳֵĹײһָ˵㿴Ǿ߶ľףеʬ壬󶼻ᱻŵȥҲӴռʬһͳͳš
棬ھ￴Ѫǿڹײģװֻһʬͱ˵Ѫѡڶľ׵ӣҪߵײҪһЩôܷµôʬ塣
м߽ɸ߳ͲüͷԽָζԽŨңȸղŵĿ׿ʬʱҪǽϼ֡
æסڱǣûʲôӦζ⣬ӦûʲôΣաż˹ȥ
߽ľ׵ʱܵ¶Ⱥ轵һʶһ²ӣеĻѿһЩֵǣ滹ȼţȴо˿¶ȣͺڻϵģͨ棬ǹһ
ʶҪȥһ£һۣ˵ˣû¶ȵģﻹܼȼžǺˡ
Ȼ˼ﻹûסŻһ£ֻ˵һֵĸоûУڻ֮УܹеȼʱһĴСȴ˪һ
ô£
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ײĵԵʣÿζʱˣͷ϶Ὺʼ
üͷûٶ٣ֳŹײĿһЩ̽ͷ濴˹ȥ
ԭΪԼῴѻʬ壬㲻ǣҲһЩ֫ʲôġһֹײ澹ȻտҲʲôҲûС
ִ֣սһЩŷľ׾Ȼûе׵ģײӣͺڵһһ£úһɽ˿Ʋ
ǹɸζȷʵǴӹײﴫġ
ҽѽ˹쵽ײ棬Ҫȴ֣ײΪûµһ㣬Ĳ֣ͺһڣ֪ͨȥ
һգ߾ͺ񱻵סһ˿µĶѨ֮ڡҲ֪ⶴѨͨҲ֪浽ж󣬿Ļеʬ嶼ȥǽϵЩ֣Ͳ֪мپˡοЩ
ҳһۣطͨ
̯֣˵Ҳ֪лҲ֪飬˽ĺ٣ֻ֪ѪҵģʲôˣʲôõҲ
˵ţֳܵĹײĿһ̷ۣ磬ǸסײĶȻһֱƽûó̷Һлôһֱʬ嶼չȥΪʲô
˵֪л˵ӣ
ЦһҺлǰ¹ˣҲ뷨ͦ׵ģѪôĶЩײľסˣȻǲܵģһеķͺһΣյߣһҪȷ˺㣬һ滹Ҫ֤ӣڶ˷ҧһڡŻὫֹӰо޺ġ
Ұ⻰һ£оͺ񻮹һһʱˡ
˼طҲѪһΣգҪЩײİڸ󣬳õѹǲ׵ģռʬ壬ͺιʳߵĶһڶʱڽιˣˣǾûнҲâڷ˺㡣
ֻĶϣɱʵ̫ߣ˵ʬ塣ԽҲԽ˵طмֵȻȫоЩ̬ΪѾ˼ǧ֮á
Լý⿪⣬Ҳӭж⡣æʵ˵Щ꣬Щȥ
ҡҡͷ˭ȥѻʬ嶼ݳһɽˣڻŵˣûһ֪澿ʲô
ҿһ£ڵͺ󱦲طǰǶװصðһҪĶ˭ǰ̽ͷǻʧ֮ۡ
˰죬þҲȥ̽ͷȥûġ
˺˵һҵ뷨ڳ·˵
˵û£ǰ˸ȥѪŪû׼ûôΣգܵһҲʲôˣԼԼѵȱˡ
һᣬ˵ðɣ㣬̽ͷȥҪ¾ʹҰѾҵļˣҪи̣Ǹ˵ѻóң
ҵͷʾͬ⣬Ҳûгɣ˵ɾ͸ɡҰڿڱ棬ԷֹԼ洫ζǺιȥ
ǰŵѪһۣ˵ôҪľҲƽ
ҵͷû˵϶ľףŷײ涼ƽҸõĳסӡ
ںסҵĽţҷ㳯ȥҸոסӣͻȻоԾҲϴŵĵ׹ȻһҲһսͺ˺ݺקסһҾҪײˤȥҼæסײıߣҲԾһѱסҵĽš
ڣ׹ͺмʮһ׹Ҳ³ȥ
ҳ̵óˣһµǸڲ׵Ԩ档ҵͷҲҪȥˣ
ҲΪʲôͻȻ״ҲʱҺȻһҰ׵ĶǹײĵײԨ̽˳
ȾһͷȻһ˹ǣЩİײ
һ𶡶飬ʶĺеĶĹȻ޳Ŀɥ


101 
ǿɥһȫҪײȥѪͺԾʱڲϵʯͷһصƲӡ
ҾŵĳһѡһǿɥҲסˣûŵðҷſ֮⣬˶ҶˡҵĽкȻҲ޶ԡ
Ŭ˫ץסײıԵŵֱ۶Ѿʹ֮Уɲи
չôһ룬ǿɥѾӹײĵµĺڰ֮˳ҿĩβĵطһֱҰ׵ֻʣ¹ǽڵֽһһӹ׵̽
ҸҪɶߺȻһ졣һæܿȥԱߵĹײľȻҡΣײﲻϴײͺʬ壬Ҫѳ
ҺûԤϵģʲôӦĶûУС棬æ
ڲҪ֪޳ֶҿ϶ôçײںѾˡ
Ҿ׵׵ľ벻һףĿǰײҲҵĶֱۣţɢİ׷ͺͷƤһӺڰиֳ
ף׵ǵ۶һϵļ⼸ȫͷ֮ϣȻѡҲû뵽Լȶȿ޳ʲôӡ
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ץ޳ԴģŪͷƤϵİ׷ɢ˲٣ûڰ֮Уͳûټ
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102 
ҷײģڹԵĵϣæͷһۣ޳عŭһܵĹײĶҡҺæס䣬Ǹоʹ
Сס䣬һ΢΢һΣ׺۽ǶʱѪ
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ʵСǣкܶܣкܶǻ˽飬Լʱɻ󣬾Щ磬ΪĻˣСƽʱѵΪ£


103 л
СӣôĶ֣Һ޳֣ǵʱֺαл׷ɱ
ҰԼ뷨Ͷ˵£һᣬ˵ҲСְҵǲôԹΪ˵Ҳ١л壬ֻͨЩѰĹãͺĹϵЩλ꣬лּò󡣶СڹЧرġ
ҲԣӳȥúúúСЩ飬˽һЩûлġ
˵꣬վӣһϻ۵Ҫæʶ˵ôˣ
ڳһ޹ӣһָҲŷͲҿҡһ룬׹ҾǱһô¥ܳģ¥һ·ײײģϹͷûɢܾǺˣ
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Ұһۣĵ׵ľ㣡
֪ҲˣҪʲô飬ҲܲˣҲֵܣлҲ̶ֻȥ
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ǡʱҶֻֻ֪ܶʺĳϣͺһҵǺƽĸƽʱ÷ǳڣֻǸ衣
óһۣˣҺѾжʱûϵˣʱҲ֪ҪЩʲô
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104 
ŵ绰ֲĶſ˵ʲôȴԼЩ״ΡŬƽԼԽ򶨣ֽŷԽ촽ţʳһ䣬˵ʲô־ˣ
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105 
Ǽ򵥳˵㶫Ȼˡ
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سǣǻ˶˳ͳǻһ£һھܾˡ
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С˻࿴һۣ̾ʲôҲû˵
ǵʱҪʱСʱ˳ӣͣĳվܲٶȣҲϱԹţ˵̷ȥͶ̥ڶʲôʱˣϢһ߻
˵һᵽ˻ϾͿϢôʱ仹ܻȥ
һ˵һ泯ŻվϣͷһξԼôСĺϻȥҲϣԼ־
˻𳵣ٶʵܲˣʱ򻹺ãż޲𳵷ȥôͣͣߵġ
ڻŲһ۾һΣһԣԶˡ
ĴϣָָңָָԼͷ˵类̼˰ɡ
Ұ⻰û˼ǡһۣҵһֲҿʵģֻø˯Ϣ
ͳֻͨĺ룬ҲҴһκͨ󣬵һδȥ
ǵ绰˺ܾãΪæҪҶϵʱŽͨˡ
ͷһһӦôһҹ֮䣬Ѿȫȵס
ҳĬ˼룬˵㻹ðɣڻ·ˡ
Ҳ˺ܾãûлشҵ⣬ֻȥ
ҰѾ̫̫ǹڴЩ飬һҲûᣬͺ񿪲˿һ
ûйĲ죬ֻңţ
ҡšһŴ˯ŵĶ˵úúõġ
ȻҰѵ绰Ҳ֪ҪЩʲôڵ״̬Ҿû˳ҪҪЩ
ߵǰһ£΢΢۾һңͷͳ϶˵̷˰ɣò˯ˣְŪѡ
ûӦֻǰֻŵǰ˵˵
ɻһۣһ䣬ƽʱֲϲңҿ϶û¡
Ȼô˵ǽ绰˹ȥιһ˵Ȼ󶡶һһֵĻӦţʱšԡһ䡣Ҳ²˵ʲôȵ˵ֱӰѵ绰ˡ
˵һû˵ء
һۣ㻹˵ãǱѾˣҵʱ򣬺һȥҡ
Щ֣æʲô
˸Ƿ˵һʲôΪл£á
ͷһƵļ˵а취־ڳһ
ӵĿһۣ˵ܴ̼ܵɵ˰ɣǵʱȥϼңΪлţοɲѵģҪǮ㴴գȻҶ첻ȥˡ
һϲԼڷһЩĺôٸЩûмһһµĻᡣ
ͷ£ڴŤһ£˵̷һһΰɣôôˣ
ͷָоյģһμ־ҲǺͶһǴΣΪͷһʱúõģû뵽һڼʱѾǸЦѾͷˡ
һᣬŶԶ˵һ䣬־ɣǳʲôģЩҡ
һһĴȣԹһ˵̫ӵ˰ɣ֪ʱʲôҪ̫˵úá
ѵǰһ
˵һ룬òʲôӣҲʲôӣͺͷŮʬһͷˣҲʬ׷룬Ҫ־ʱײ߰˿飬лָжֲ
һֲõԤУ˵ﲻԣֻ־ߵİһЩҪ̫ʹࡣ
һ·ǰ;жûзʲô⣬ȵǵʱֱ㲵ƵӣӻվȻȥϴһ£Ҹסˡ۾ôĵһᣬһЭˡ
ֻǰԿ׽СȻȥ׼ȥ졣
һۣ˵磬Ҫȥҡ
Ĭ˼룬˵ǲҼңСȹȥ𵽴ܣǻҲҪСһЩСġ
ҵͷûж˵һ仰ͷֵˡ
ҺͶ˳˵ҵĵַͿˡС뿪õҲȥˣҪһЩ
ڳϣһֱǳأ֪Լһʲô죬ǸҪɱҵİְ֡·Ҷһֱڿ⣬óˣȵ˵طǶһ²ŷӦ
ֶʽķӣסھӣҲЩʱˡ־Ѿˣҵûиϣվ⣬ԺӣȻһ˿ĸϽš
ȥȴһѣӣͺ񿴵ʲôĶһ˵̷ļңֺΧĶɣǿһʤĸоͺܸΪһ
˵Ǯ˼ҵķӣ϶ҷˮʦģֲֵ飬Ҳ
ͷû˵˽ȥ
Ժ󣬳ŵҴɨỊ̇һңһ£漴Ц˵ⲻ̷þûˡ
ǿЦһ˵е¡
Ⱒƽʱ˾ͱȽϺƣæҽȥĳ˵ȥСɣСԺ󣬾һֱԼڷ˭¡
ҵͷο䣬ͳķȥںһ·ϣǶûİ裬ٸоҪһЩ
ţ춼ûлӦæһ֣ﴫһŲ
֨ѽһ´򿪣ʱôʱ䣬ּӡ
Ҫ࣬۾涼Ѿ˺صĺȦ춼ûӣ°ҵĳһЩ
վҺͶһۣ˵ˡ
ҵͷһ䣬˵ⲻǷϻô
Ҹ˵䣬ϾǸҪοˣȴһѽסһꡱƣͺʲôǵ˵һ
ʲôȴһѾͱ˷
ɹӣ˸ۣ˵ãַһ
ûҶߴսһЩ˵һ䣬̷ϸоʲôңͺйɿߣעҵһһ˵СһЩ
죬æŶһۣüͷһۣ˵ʲôûа
һ˫Ѫ˿۾գҲգһ£صĵУ


106 ػ
ҿһһէӣѾЩʵĸоˡƺǳȷ֪ʱһָоģͺһ˶㿴᲻ȻתͷһһȻ֪ʲôԭ򣬿ֱӵĸоܻ﷢ë
οǾô飬ɹĸоԶͨҪһЩ
ǶҲǳ϶ǸɾģʲôŹֵĶûС
ְֵ飬мۣҵڶûкԼͻᳯ롣
һû˵ȻվĿһۣȻתܵͷĹǰĶһһСóڴϡ
ҺͶһֶЩɰֽëʻ־һЩϴҪлʱ򣬶õȫ
ﰵһС⼸쿴Ҳûţʲô׼ˡǿӣƺ±˷Щ
֪Ϊ־ȥЩܲңڶܲʵ
ŻŵĽϵĶƵǰ˵ƣЩãҪʲô˵Ū
ϵƷתͷ˿ңƺЩӣüͷһ壬һᣬ˵ǲˣͺϴ˵һܲлҲûʲôա
һ⻰æץסļһ˵һҪлú취ǰҶ̬ȲҵĴ⣬ԺֵˣֻҪҪƴҲģ
ֱһѳץ̫۵ҽ˵̷Ұеӡ
æǰ˰֣Ӷק§ļһЩʱú롣
Աߣ̧ͷңǰͷס۾ôţһᣬȻĺһ
Һٿı飬ϴ˵ÿұȥҽԺʱЦŵġڣҷܹо
ҵ·ۿһ죬ŵ̷֪ҶûСһ棡ôˣܣ
΢΢һ£ŷӦҸû뵽Ȼ춼ûп־ǰӡæ˵㲻һֱڼС£ôû
ʵԽԽأ˵ԭúõģҶ˯ˣͻȻ˴绰˵СˡҺ趼ŵò壬ǵǵҽԺʱҰְѾˡŸǣ˵СӺѿѾ׼ùľװʬˡ迴ʬ壬Ȼοң˵СҲϣǿӣԲôŬᶼûмһ档
֪־ʮ߰꣬Ҳڰ͡ŮӶԸԼªһ汩¶ο־ƺǳѿ趼
˵δ̫ĥһЩڶڻѾ˱ıԵ
סң˵̷ҺͶ˵˵ûĺСһ档
΢΢Щ̣ͷͳһۣһԣҲһ޿κεӡ
ûһʧİ취
ɬûлش𣬶ǳĬ˰죬ͻȻһ䣬˵־ȥˣ
Ҳ֪Щʲôãһ´۾˵ڵˡ
üͷòôһ취ֻƽʱãҲ벻
ͺץһæǿЦһ˵ʲôֻҪңҪʲôҶԸ㡣
վһȦ˼һᣬ˵ǰлԺʱͷߣҲǸ֮˵Ļػҹʱ־ĹصлֶΣ϶֣и׼־ǺģԹҪͨĹҪصö࣬ҼȻܲңû׼ҲֻĲл̫꣬á
켤ò۽ǵˮ˵˹ˣֻҪܿһۣҾˡôҲҪĻ˵ꡣ
̾˿ʵҶ־Ҳкܶ໰˵ȻСϼ꣬һֱãںҷĻѾҪˣϾ־Ҫͱˣң졣
ο켸䣬ƽһЩŷ˲ãҺͶĸ׼뿪ٴμ˵ʲôҲߡֲú˵ְֵ飬ʵû취ֻǻȥ
Ҳ⣬ͺҺͶ⼸ͻȻʧһ͵ô粽ĸǡ
ҺͶΣҲİ֪Ҵɨİ˵˼䣬ҴȥɢģⰢҲǷǳģҲ֪Һϵ߻Ҷæչһ¡
ǻصСȷʵĻˡǶͷһμ죬Ȼ;ٹ飬Ͼİк֮ûʲô
ɳϣǳҿǸӣڶԱһ£˸֮̾⣬ʲôҲˡ
СѾ޺ˣʼﵽĵţһһŵĻƷڷﲻͬķλʲôֵĿң˵ɶʱһ͹ڵˣڻܣ˫˫ѼһôСȻЩƷסʲôĹ֣ЩλɧҲǿԵġ
뵽ŷ治ͬˣҲ֪Һ֮䣬˭ΣһЩ
ʱܿȥˣ;ȷʵ˲ͨĹ֣λֵ֮ƺҪǰҪǿһЩܾΪҺĹϵ
˶ָӣԵҪκ˶˷ܵöࡣһʰҺͶȥǰ˵һ²裬ǳʲô鷳ΪΪ費ϲҵԭûж룬ʹӦˡ
ǻصңǺһܵ̧һӽͷϻЩķֻܸ֣罫ŵָλȥ
׼һУ͵ҹ
;˸˯һֱڴϣ۾һգգӷǳšҳ˿̾˿⼸ǱߣҲӣȻΪ˯߲Ĺϵһ¾ͻ˯ţûҲˣҲ֪λôÿζ󺹡
ҳŴ⿴һۣѾȫˡ
һʱ䣬˵ˡ
ȻҽĵƸϣʱһƵĹ
Ʒϵȼֳǰһ˦һҲ֪˵ʲô
ҿ컹Ǻܽŵģһ£һЩ
ǶĻƷڵյøɸɾȴʲôҲûзﰲǵһᣬɻûκζ
ʱ򣬶ȻסһҾЩԾæôˣ
˵ȫûойļ󰡡Ҫ־ˣϵֻԼȼ
϶ʱ¶ʧɫ֮ǰ˵϶
תü˵ԣ϶⣬ͷ߻ػÿ궼飬ûֻԭһ־Ĺ걻ʲô˾Ѻˣˡ
һˣæվʵǻһԭأ
һԭ򣬾־û


107 
һ£ŵı顣ҲЩ˼飬ǶⷽӦòŶԡ
һ˼˵־ϣֶЩ˵ȥ־ҵӡֻһͨŮڽӴĶȫմϱߵġʹˣǸλѣ񶡶˵Թƽʲôġ
ڲͷߣô̵ʱҲûʲô׽ˣȥ
Ҫ־ûôµα־ĳ棬ĿʲôȻҶİְѾûʲôøУ־ûкôԡ˵ףһԸŵһƲ⡣
ұȽҪеö࣬·ĵһ˵ֻ־ûϢʲô˲ˡ
һץס¶ֿϲ飬˵Сûû
һĻƷɢֱµҲҲֻƲѣ
˵ʲôڻһһСûʶ־ĴԶҪغܶࡣǰʲôʱ¶侲ÿκҷʲô飬˵ͷͷǵģ˼άûˡһ˸߲ҵӡ
ĵʲô飬ȥס侲Ǻú־ǰһЩ᲻ʲôŹֵĵط
֮ǰڵĶ̫ˣҸס죬صһ¾ͱƿˡ
ҺͶһ£תͷͿİվ⣬һ£迴˿ĲãĿ漴ҺͶϣû̷쭣ֻɻô
İְҲңԭЩ㵵϶ʱһվ󲻳ֻǲ۾ɨһۡ
ҿģƺ㽫ǰͱǰǵװһϺ˵ģ
ʻҺͶ˴һۣҲʵڲ֪ôشܲ˵ŮлģȻҲǳЩ⻰ʼ˵ڡ
컹ûдӸղ״̬зӦһܵҺͶǰվϣ鼤˵裬Сûû
һ£죬΢΢ſ˰Σһ۾ת˵ʲô軰СۿŷŽײĵġ
ͣһ£ƺ֪ôشĻ齩һ£Ȼֽǰһƣ˵裬ǿ϶ŪˣʶǾ̫̫Ķӣ˵Ļ϶ŵġ
û뵽ԼᱻƳȥʱεĳ˹ĸҲ廰ȥǿװ
˶һᣬ˵֪Ǿ̫̫ĶӣСȥҹѾ
εЦһһᣬҲûӺֻ˵費סˣǳմȾģ뿪ʱͷŻˡʲô£
գգ۾Ҫеˮջȥһ˵ֻæСϣܰæСߵܹƽһЩ
ȻġŶһ˵ǾͲ鷳ˣСͷߣػҹǸղž׼أҪ
һ£̧ͷŶȻһסͣ˵˼ǣСڣ
æҡͷûûԹˣûЩ⡣
ҿְ˫˫һۣЩǣͿԭί˵һ£Ȼ˳ŶùԵ˼·˵ġ˺ȻĬһﲻ
ϸĿ˿ǵı飬̵ı˳ʹ֮⣬ʲôŹֵĵطһֱ裬ƺڵͬԼĹ۵һ
ȴ˵Сܻţ׵ʱҲڳȻӡЩáҵŮһ۾ܿϳݡʱˣȷʵС
Ҳ֪ΪʲôĴ𸴣ʶľҪţȻһֱңҿ۾ˮתģʵںǻѻԱһﲻ֣˵־Ҳ˫۷ź죬Ǻ±ȡЦһͷ˹ȥ
Ǻȣ쳹ɥ⻰˵̫̣ոջһ˿ϣһвһԸͷϣԽõ񶨵Ĵ𰸵ʱ򣬲Ż˵
ұ밲ο䣬ȻתӣǺһ䣬ǳȥһ˴ᡭ
̲סһֻ֣һӴĳȥ
ҺͶһֻۣ̾һĸĸת߳˷䡣
ڿòԵһᣬʵΣĸĸҺͶ˵ϻ
ʵܲˣ˸ڣ˵ʱ̫ҲҪȥˡ
˶ûֻߵʱ賯ŶһǻعͷȥֻԶ˵˼лĻȻҪ̫̫µַǱ˼ѻܹȥˡ
ͷû˵ɵǸţȴһβͬǣҵ֡
ɻֹģ˵һ䣬Ҳлл㡭С졭
һ䣬תתȥˣƺ˵⻰ܲסһʱҲӦ
ȥ·ϣң˵̷ּҵ˶Щֵֹġ
˵˭ûֺðɡ
һۣ˵Ҹ˵ģƣ־ˣ϶ʲôˣּҵ˾ȻȹĽ־ڵһЩûҪҵ־ǵ顣
һᣬʱǸ̫Щҹû뵽ʵҲͦĵģҾôˣ֪ʲôںڿҾǷΧ˵ùȥ㿴ҺְֶǱһױһװɣ費ЩʵӦŲ㣬Ȼ󲻻ỹˡ
һЩһᣬȻЦһ˵̷ǰͷ֣һֱͦģ˵ΪʲôʲôԲǼҵ飿
Ҽ붼û룬ֱӾ˵ɣСͲϲңǰʱҵǶزصģ衭
һ˵һ룬ȻסˣΪʲôңڲһֱȥ룬ΪСҶ̬ȣҼѾϰΪһжȻġ
һҵƬϵ֪ҼҺǰĹϵЩ˵ȥˡ
ְ˵ǷҼһծӵʱʬӦò֪Щ飬辿ΪʲôңܲԵ޹ʿҲ˳۰ɡ
һ£˵һллҺȻһû׼ܴĿ֪ǰ顣


108 Ĺ
ǰ˵ģҺСʶ
ϼңʵͬһطİְַ˲ƣСѧûҵ͸Ÿĸ˳ϼҵķҲˣЩûлȥһˡ
һطסʱ̫ãľǰĸͺĿҲȻȻķ仯һ
Ҳ˵İţĳֿ⣬СѧҵԺȻҵڵĳж飬ǴǸʱҺһֱͬѧ
еʱǽΪһµĻ߳⣬ЩòͬİˣȻȻߵҪһЩ
ҵһңסУͬѧϵദĻ⣬һ˶ûУܾΪϵһֱɼƽƽпҲֻǿһͨжѡ
ĳɼҺõö࣬ܽҲϣϰʲôһû£ʱϸصȫû⡣
ǣҵѧУǺһ༶ʱΪ飬Ʋһʱ䡣Ͼʱǵ׷ǳ򵥣Ϊ˳ɼΪʦһõѧУˡ
ҼǵʱһʹΪʲôص㲻ܵˡ
Ҳǳƣ˵ְҪģ˵ѧУʦܲѧһЩĿҲΪѧʲôġΪĸһܡ
ʱĶȽϼ򵥣飬Ҳ͹ˣ˭̫á
С汬߿ʱɼʡĴѧҺͺҵˣһˣһȥˡ
ļǮʱԸ죬öˣɼȥˣֻ˸רơо仰˵ǮʹĥֻҪ飬ǾͲǸ⡣
ֻû뵽ֱҵͬѧѧʱǵ̬ˣѧ⣬û˰ѧУһ¡ֻǻҵ֤ѡ
ԺԼ̳мҵ͸ϣֵúһ
˵ǴСദڣԵ֣ҲǺܶ˶Ľġ
ڻعͷ룬ɺϣһֻɺϣľ͸һͷࡣ
ͺڲһУߵ뵽ӲǴһ
ˣİְ֡
Ҳ֪ǲǸʱѾ뵽ᷢڵ飬Ҳ˵ӺǰڿԼᷢʲô顣
ᣬҳ˰ٹ׷Ŀ꣬ǸѪˡ
ҲǲǴǸʱԺߵĵ·죬ѾְַˡԲҪʲôʲôְִû˿ƫ۶ӣΪ־ĴҪö࣬ܵҪΪϸ񣬼ֻҪһ飬ᱻְĽ
Ҳԭжʱ䣬־̬ȿ˵ǳƣ˾ͺԩһ˳ܻǳܣºͰ͵ȥżְ
˹ϵˣ˵ͦһְҲֻЦЦ˵鳳ôðҲԼҪ־ƫöࡣ
Ǿڵ飬Ҳŷǵʱ뷨ǺεȿЦ
õö࣬ãֻǱѣͺһְֵĲΪһ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͻᱻѪӡ
෴ģ־ǸˣһһϸΪľгһգȥʱܹΪӳɫˣֲʧȥĿհס
뵽һ꣬ʱ˲ңס
Ҳ֪Ǹʱְθ룬Ǹ컹ţǺЩΪ
ֻ֪־ǱʧȥصĴ
óˣײϽϵĵ߸ˡڶһѣҲŷӦ
ңʲôأôͶ롣
ЦЦ˵һһǰ飬ûҵɡ
ͺ˵һȷʵһ㡣
ҵĺ޾һֲҪɵĸ飬ǴΪº׳ֹܶĲ˽Щ鱳ࡣ
ֻϣ첻Ҫһ𣬾ͺ񵥴ľһһ
ץסᣬܹúô֪ԭǻҺ˵һֽѡ
һ³ʶ˵а취ҵ־
ҡҡͷҵôң˵ǹͺ裬ʧˣôа취ҵ
ҡҡͷһʧ䣬ʵ˲ҪҲϣܰ־һѡ
ǰŲӣһᣬҪҡû뵽ʱ򣬵绰һ죬æͨʲô£
Щ䣬ֻ
Ұλø˵һţͰѵ绰ˡ
ҺͶоĪôܳﻹЩʡܲ˵һ䣬ҾھɱҲͣҪȻȥɣЩ
Ұһۣ˵ȥƨҵţ
ʼ磬˸εı顣
ǴŵʮӣͿһܿĳǳ˹һɲǰͣò·ϵĳ٣֪ʲôء
ҡ³һۣ˵˾䣬ϳ
һûͺܾèһȥ
ڸϣ˭ĳû
û̻ش𣬵һᣬ˵ģǰϼˡ
ҺͶһۣĬĶûᳵײ顣
Ҳû˼˵һȣͷӣһ³˳ȥ
ҺͶĪЩţҲҳǳʻȥʵ̲סһֻҪȥﰡ
쿴һۣûлش𣬳ɼǰȵĿĵһƬ԰ҿһȽϵεĵطҪöá
˳ֵطЩëסĿܵĻиħܳһ
쳵һͣ£ܵ󣬴Ӻ﷭ӣݸҺͶһһѡһⶫʱˣȵ˵Ҫڷأ
ûпֱӾͳȥ
æ׷Ĳӣ˵ûɣļҲûҪְ취
ͣ˵һʲô취
һʱ֪ôشҼ룬תͷֳȥۿԼȰˣæкҲ³ʲô⡣
ǲԸЩģҪһᣬͣһĹǰĿһɨܿ½ģҿŷΧᡣȻҲû취Ĺ־Ƭֱĸоַӿ
һԥûУֱߵ֮ϣһӾͲȥҺͶţһۣһﲻĶһһҺͶͿԽԽ٣Ѿ۵Ųվȵˡ
ˮҲʮֳأûзֻĹײ¶˳ǿһЦһ͹
æǰסŷѾ۵ֽŷɺܿܣҵ˵˵̷ҰѹײĴ򿪣ŵˣǲС
Ҳ֪ǱܵոȾЩ죬һᣬõһˣʬ壬ҲԼһ
뵽ֲĳŹײ˹ȥ


109 ʳʬ
ŲӣڹײıʹţҲû뵽Լһ䵽ֵزǵʱģôܺܿİײĸǸŪ
һҲ˲Ϣæ˰ֻ֡жվһԴˣŤ
òײŽӲײĸµһС϶˿е͵ͺ˾һȻʹһѹ漴΢֨ѽһڽײĸһһ£Ūֱʹ޲ԼǵӰĴһƾܰѸӸķˡ
һɶˣľͺðöࡣҺƣû˷Ѷʱ䡣
һǳһﷴõһ𰸣ܹӴǾһ˽⡣ɵˣ־һչײġ
ȵööִ࣬ڹ׸ϣţ˺ܾãûнƿļ˵һ䣬ɡ
תͷҼ룬ĵ˵ͷ΢΢࿪ӣóһλ
ַڹ׸ϣֱͺǴ˿̵һĬĬײһۣ漴һ߶ʱһ׸ǵĦ췴˼ӱңƺ޷Ķ
ƿû̳濴ʰһԼŵͷ
ײȷʵһˣ
Ȼҹܰһжģҿ
ʬ壬ͺ˯˵һķǳ룬֮ǰӦúúõĴһɾˣϣԾһƤⶼȱȫľѡ
һ˵˵̷㿴ûУײʲô
û̻شֻǳŹײʬսһЩҪϷֱ־
Ҳش𣬹ҲͲסˣת˻ߵײԱߣҲ̽ͷ￴ҲǶЩؿڵĶֿģڶȥˣֱֱײʬ壬ͷĵطҿ
Ķû˵ֻȹһᣬȻһ£ɫʱȥ
ôֱó
û˵е͵͡šһЩʡ˵С
˵ôֱģ
콫ʬͷ΢΢һЩָĶ˵С棬룬ǰЦ˵𱦵Ľŵװ塭
֪ڳϲԣһ⻰ͻȻˡ쿴Һֻһסû˸еģһ˿ϣҲˣֻŴʰο
ʱ򶡶Ȼһ仰˵ûʲôԵ
Һͬʱתͷȥû˼ֻڱǼȶţ˵ûע⵽ʬ죬һ㸯ζû𡭡
һ⻰ͷӦʬζҲǵһŹˣǰݵʱĶǹײǲ־⣬ڸûע⵽Щ
ҺһۣҲɻɫʹһ£ûŵʬĳζУһĪ˳ζȥȻܵķͷ֮ϣȻһССİ׻
ָоͺ񿴵ЩֲһǰССĻ٣գ۾ſҹ΢΢ҡڣζԽԽŨ
ʶô£ǶȻ˵һ䲻ãæܹҺһѣתͷҪԶܡ
ˣһⷴӦ֪ԣ͸컹һɵһѣҲ־ʬ壬ק͸Ŷǰ塣
ǴܳȥʮףڼϴĹͣסͺһں棬¶Դǰ
Ȼ׷ʲô飬ҲѧŶģ̽ͷ濴šǸղŴĵطһĹأÿһͷ϶ְɫĻôԶǻܹŵζ⻨ȻԽԽ࣬ǰķĹȥ
ѹڶߵһ䣬˵ʲôôֻ
ûлͷһĿǰӦûǰ¶ףۻô
ҡҡͷ֮ŷӦûпңæ˵һû
˵ţʶʶʳʬˣ
һ־͸оܲ۾עǰûãͿһںӰӣݵһ´Ĺغ󷽴˳һξ룬ҿĳ࣬һι״ӰӣЩŻķĹ
׻ͺǰ·һһ·֮ͷϵĶ໨ѸٿήȥżһûелģŷĹתһȦ漴ʼŬӾó򶴵һٶ֮죬Ŀࡣת۾ʹǵض˽ȥһʱܻŵģëȻľ׽
ֻһ뵽֣ҲڵЩʲôʶ˵ѵھǶ
㿴ЩΪʳʬԼϲԵʬõġл˵صʬûθڣҪǼţͻ굽ײȥʬԵֻʣ¹ͷҳŵʱҲûҪʲôû˶Żʲô취
΢΢ȣæõʳʬҲҲԡ
ҡҡͷ˵Իǿ԰ŪԺٳԡʳʬٶȷǳ죬ҲܲһצӾϿӡ
ղڶӣȫпܵġֻóЩ뿪һⶫʬ壬ʱˣһ˫۾˵Сʬ廹أ
ҿ鼱ģǳǣ·ʱȥһ
ݾߣæס·˵𼱰˭֪ϲʲôӵʬ壬û׼־Ȥ
쿴һۣȻһŵñ飬ֻסӡ
˴һʱ䣬ӰһִӷĹ˳Һôô̵ʱ֮ڳһʬġδӣŰ׻·߳ǰȥ
ͷİٻлһһģۿܿҪ־ĹǰҲֱһСҳһڡ
ڣʱһ׻գ۾Ϳήлˡ
ҺͬʱһԭΪôˣ֪ʳʬӷĹǰ˹ȥȻͣӣź濴һۣ־Ĺת˻
һִҼϣΪ͵һŪҲ˳ǿסæʶ˵ô£Ѿлˣô뿪
ҲƣҡҡͷʾҲ
ֻʳʬߵײǰмԥվԱ˺һᣬǳŹײԴ˽ȥ
վ˵һ̲סˣ׼Ĺسȥ
һǰĹײ˺ȻһʵⰵҹԵøˡǹײʬȻһҧʳʬĲϣ
ʳʬ˼£Ĵ


110 
ȫ벻ֱ仯첽Ӹһһʱԭء
Сۡһ˳̲סվǰţƺҲǰһĻԾѡ
Źײıߵľ־ʬôֱ㶵棬ץʳʬ˺ҧţָоͺոմзųҰһײУˣ
ʶ˿ĭŷԼ֪ʲôʱһƤ̲סһ顣־ʬĶ뵽ϼҵҽԺ·ңһ𿴵ǸʬֻǺǸʬȽ־ĶӲױöࡣҲҸ뷨ѵ־Ҳʬ˲ɣ
źֲĲŶ˹ȥ
ǰҼΣպֲĳ棬Ҳ֪ΪʲôĿ־ԶǰҪǿΪεǱ־ԭƷûܣ־Ĳ֪ôźá
վڶԣŵǰһУʳʬ־ҧŲӣ̧ץסʳʬͲӣˢľһ˿ҿһɺɫѪҺɽʳʬǰͱҧˣûжǰ·ϣЩͷϵİ׻ʱήȥ
ڸȥ־ֻǴҴһȻ֮ǰȣ仯󣬿Ǵ˵ĸоѾȫͬңӹ졣
ҳһ£漴ʵ־Ҳʬô
Ŀת־ǳ϶˵ⲻʬ䣡һûʬܹʳʬŪ
Ǹһξ룬˭ҲóȻǰȥֻ־ʬӹײվʱŷҪƵùͲȫֱ𣬺ʱ߹Ƕ̫һббģվڹײҡҡλΡ
ţˢһ»عͷŲƲһᡣŬƺ޷־ع
Ǻ־ʬһᣬ˭ûж˴Űʱ䣬ʬȻһתӾͳ԰ȥ
Ҹ볯ǽкһ䣬һ˵׷
һ䣬Ѿ˳ȥҺͶæĲʬٶȴҲȻһһбģȫûӰ쵽ŵĶ
һһ泯Ǻһ˵ⶫŹ֣ҪȥʲôطСһЩ
æӦһ䣬ĸʬ棬ת۾ܳ԰ҹϻûˣȻ˿ˣǳ϶ʬżҪࡣ
ҽ׷Ȼһֱûֵǣ·𲻹ô٣Һʬֻľ붼ǲġԶ׷ʱĳȡ
ҳűϺһ˵԰ôԶϵӣ
һһڣȴûеõĻӦɻתͷ߿һۣʱоһ쾹Ȼˣ·ϣֻҺ־ʬӰ
˵һ׷ٶȲ˸ոնߣôһգ۵ĹͲˣѵĹسʱûиϣ
һָоܣһֱ׷ŵģ֧ˣҲͬʱʧҸҸо㤵ǣҸһͣ½ŲǰʬҲͣվԶңһ
ֱǰеڵһж̫ˣһûӸղŵعھ˵ֲĶ
۽ǵ⳯һۣ·ϣûһܹõĶУҲ֪Լǲµ֣ʲôܹ־˺оͺ˺ԼһҲǲ̵ġ
ʬվ·棬ϵһж΢΢һģͺվһת˹
⣬ʶݣԭǰڰԲҪµö࣬ϲ֪ƤģһƤѾױĥ¶ǳѪ⣬ͷ۶һŤġ
Ѫ۾úʱһ˫ĵģһһĳ߹
ĸоǺ£ǲ־ӡһһ߽ҵǸӦԶһЩ
û뵽ҽŲһʬȻˣͺ񶡶һƾʧ֮
ãȻĳһۣ۾ĵطǿտյʲôҲûСͻȻЩֲ׷ľӰĹǻܻʬˡ
ǰһﻹǷǳɻܾԼ©ʲôһãѡҪתȥ԰Ǳ¶죬ȻһϤϤ
ţ־Ҷеģһ˿ǻһ̷硭
ұһ䣬תͷȥͿ־վſֲվҲһ֮ңǸʳʬѪƣһ´ҵļ֮ϡ
Ȼһ̷硭
ǿһһ֡
һҵȻһֻҲҼϣеĿ޺̷磬ĺòҡ
ģеĻʱһᣬǰĿ־жȻ޴棬ʣµĶֱ˵
Ҷһ£ڣ˵֪Ҷ֪㲻Ķ԰ɣС
ֳҴսһЩֳҲӴսһЩҲӴˡлڲظţ˵̷磬Ҳһ㶼룡
˵׵ģ˭û취ı䡣
ɫһףӶһ£Ȼͣˣ̧ͷҵʱſɲϣȻһ˿Цݡţ͵סҵĲӣ˵̷磬а취ģɣ
ҲӵԽԽ󣬵Ҳ֪Ϊʲôͺô˵ĸԸҪһûκļ󣬾ȻܹһЩҽѳ
ʱҺȻһһ·һڶըǰĳȻһڣͺϵ·ƶͻȻϨһ
ţҺȻ˲Ϻҵ֣͵۾ܿһۣŷҾȻĹߣǵĿҡƤҵָ
ҼΪ죬æô£ǲ׷־ȥ
һۣ㻹˵أûܼεˣǸĵģԾû׷ˣ֪һôжвѡ
һû׹ˣͬʱоϻۣæ˵СӸղǲǴˣ
ϰԵҪжΣֻڣҲңû취ֻܳϵôҪû⼸㻹ѵùһָȻͰԼˣ
Լ֣һ¸ղŷ飬ĺһһæ˵ѵħˣǱŪ
ɫһ䣬ȻĹϿһۣҼϰһССľӣѾҳƬɫԵø࣬˵ħ̷ſɣע̫ƽˣ
һʱû˼˵꣬ȻתͷȥĹľͷһۡ˳Ŀ⿴ȥȻһһĶǹսǵĵط˳
ֻһۣҾݣⶫǸ·ңҵľ￴ģֱۺ٣ûнŵĹҲǺŵԪףѪľ飡


111 
Ҳ⾵ΪʲôطҼǵõʱھ￴Ժⶫ˳ȥ⹫ŭ֮Ҳȥ׷ϣͲ֪ˡ
ǹǴĹһͷԼҲ֪ǲǸ˵ǸλͷΪȫļ࣬ͺһĴһȫֱ۷·Ľţֵ٣ֲͷβ
һǸģһ˵ģⶫôô
˵ѪĶײкüʮŮ˵Ѫأ
ɻһۣ˵ô֪ġ
ұúúͣǸʱ䡣ǹչֱۣͳ˹ߵʱͨͨ죬һ¾˲پ롣
һ´ܵ־ķĹϣһץղ˹ײõĲӣֱ˦һһ˫۾ž飬׼һ
վҺǰ棬Ǿһ˵ΪԼǹܰǳ˰ûоŸë
ǾԶٶȾȻӿ˲١Һһ˵̷ƹȥӺ
ҡŶһæһĹ˹ȥҪתȦƵĺ󷽣û뵽ҸһǶת˷׷Ҿ͹
æֺһ˵û£̷ǰϺ·
ͣӣֽŲӣҲ֪վ˭ķͷϣ͵ǹ
еĶ˷ǳܣǰ浲һĹֱ۸ץ棬һӳ˹ȥءһֱһ¾ͱҸұˣһѪҺ˳һͷһζǺҷ裡
һҲ̼˾飬͵һ̧ӣֻ߰һץסĹƾҪ
ʱ򣬶Ƶĺ󷽣Ҳûţ־Ҫȥⶫǰһģ۾Ҳ㲻͵Ϯ֮ǰͶ֣һҲ˷ĲӸո£ͱ˵ָץסˡ;һһקģͺڰκһæ캰һæȻû̶ȣһɵţûгĵ
ۿ⾵ҺͶ˼󣬵ⲫûʤ㡣Ҹ뵽ĲӾͱקɳȥһһԵĹϡ
û޴һʱĹϻһû㿪ֱӱײһ£һͷڵϡ
żҴһ˳ֽϵĲӸž˹
ɾʱǺȻһ󳤳˻԰ľͷڳ˶һ㶣ǾҲһҳǸһֻۣôӣڰȻһ϶⣬һŵŵĽŲ
Ե÷ǳңÿһ¶ǳֻԶĺڰƬ⳯ǳ˹ţȵĽһ䣬˵ǵ
ȻӰƽȷʵһƥ״ɫģ۾㶼һƻȼţϷ·ֻйͷҹͷȫڣ
һӣͺӰǹŴĳһ¡¡ĳ߳˹ұǰľ𺳵˵ͺûʵ壬Ĺأκζ
ֻһʱǰ˻һֻǰ߸߰žһȣһ£ͽȵڵϣܴѳ
æӵͿϵƿˣһɫ˴ӳöñסǷֱ治˭
Уһ˽Ǿӣ滭Ÿֹķţֽ̧⾵ӳžһģҶʱһţǾ޴һͺһһһ㱻˾ȥ
վһţȾȫʧҲŻعǸɻһ䣬˵˭
̧ͷӶñ¿һۣȻ˹һץסҵ½קҾͳ˹ȥ
һʶҪѳ֪ΪʲôţȫûһҾľż߾ͱߵĸо
æҳ˹һ˻һм䡣еĲӣָ˺ſҪʲô
ͣ½ŲһᣬȻ˵һ䣬ûϵ
Ǹˣ˵ǳ͸һɲɣȷԼûҲ˵Ҳʶ
ҵ֪仰ķӦҪҺ࣬һ£Ȼ߽⶷µˣ۾Ǿȵɫ
ҿⷴӦǳ֣Ҫʸ˵㲻ǡҰְְɡ
һ⻰ʱҲסˣæŶµȥŻϵĹſһԲϵ˺ܶҵĺӣǿҾֱܷ˾ǵϼһĵϣڳ⳵ˣҲһֱɵģĸף
Ҵû˾Ȼַʽǰڶ׻ԺһȲ֪˵Ĵڡ
Ĭſ˶һۣȴû˵ֻʹһѣקҳߡ
˵ʲô飬ֻ⸴ӣƺҪ׷ͬһԡ
ұϵϣһȣһ˻䣬Ǿˡٶ֮죬Ժ͹ȡ
ҳź濴һۣ׷˹ȫţֻܾĿʧ
ĳᲢûŵô󣬽ĸ߷װҲǳӣ͸һʱĲС
ҵĶ棬ժ¶ñ۾һգգңҸоʮֽš
΢΢࿪Ŀ⣬Ҫѳ֯Դǣȴ֪Ҹ˵һʲô
ʱ˿ˣң̷׼ô죿
һ£˵ʲôô죿
΢΢۾ƺҪ͸е뷨һᣬ˵ȻԺô죿ǰͨͨӣǼȥҪ֪ԣ
⻰Цһ˵ĺϣԼЩһ˭ԸԼܺúûţǰǹüһЩҲÿĵʱԼɥҪõöࡣ
ԼѡĻ᣿
֣ص˵һ䣬ǰеģȥ֮ǰУڻҲǡȻᱻˣֻҪ룬һᾡȫ㴴һ
Ҳɴüͷڻվ飬ʱȷиС͹ֽɡǾ˵ʱϵ˵Ҳ˵ĹңҴû˵ĻᣬһʼҾǴһһ֮Ҹǻʮֻ꣬ڱ˵ļıת
ЦЩֱ˵ҲףΪʲôҪңž̫̫䲻վǰҲܲʣһİ˵飬õ֣
üͷһأϵƵšֱ䣬Ȼ˵һҾ֮Ļ
˵̷˵Ķԣ˵ҿԲܣ㣬ôܷβˣ̷ҶӰ


112 
ŲƵǵ۾΢Щ죬ƺЩһ仰˵֮·ˣһᣬֳתͷȥֽץſӣȭͷ
Ҳû˵ϵĲ֪µһ䣬ղš˵ʲô
ղǻÿһҶһš
ȻҸ뿪ʱһףڶѾ벻ĳ࣬ǾԲǰ˵ӡҲ˵Ҹ׵ʬлµĹײûȷĻǾͲס
ҲȷҸѾȥܶ꣬ţӦʮʮ겻ӣӦǰһϡ
Ǿ仰ԾһһݺҵϡҺò뷨ҡ
ûгشңֻǵԴҵ˺ܳʱ䣬Žŵȭͷɿƽϡ̾һ˵㡭Ҷӣֻ̫ۣ㲻Ը֪ġ
΢΢۾˵̷лײŵģѵǵʬ
ԭã⽫Ʒ֤ݣû뵽һ£ȴ˵лŵʬҲҡ
һ⻰ѵǰˣȻҲ·ңĹֲɡ
ǵһη˵ĴڣǵʱϼҸ¥֮ϣȻûۼӵϵĽӡܹȷʵû
֮һΣİְҪɱҵʱӦҲ˵ĳΣڻվǲҪȥǵʱ
⼸˶Ӧûж⣬ϣǴ˾顣ɾΪĹϵʱ˾ַͺ񶡶ķʽ࣬ѵ˵Ҳģ
뵽ˢһվĳͷءһڳᶥϣ۵ǰһڡ
æҴսһЩҪҵʶĶ㿪ˡ̧ڿУô룬ε˻ȥ
ԴϵʹУһСĵһʣ˻ǹ
עң̾һҡͷҲ֪ԼʲôҺܶǰѾһˡʬ屻͵лţҿʲôɡ
⻰ȻһͷȻҴδǰһΣұͷŮĲл긽ʱ򣬶˵ǼһҪʬ꣡
Ī³ĸ֣˭֪Ȼֱӵ˵ͷ˵Ѿµ𣿲ҵʱǿӻ˹Ҳģֻвʣһʱͷ
ϸһۣͷܳҲңȫɢߣǺܾûϴһֱϣвٰ̺ۣеĿʱѾܳˣеģûȫȬ·Щ꣬ӹòǺܺá
˼˻˵壬Ƕ׵ˣ
˵ͷ̾ϢһҶԲְ֣ԸղţҲ֪ôǸӡ
ԳЦһ˵;Լˣ
һĭǰϴţ촽˵֪Щ㣬һҲң˵ʵСҿԽСɣѾʱߣֻӣѾܻصǰˣֻԶԶĿ㣬㲻֪ҲãҪһЩ
Ծɲζôһ˿ѹΪһûнҸǸλϣ㱯˵ĸоȻЩ䣬Ӱ쵽ҵ
ǰһжûзʵҲܶ൥׼ͥĺһҰְ֣ĸ飬İΪôһڣˣͻãôһӵ˵ҲǶġ룬ԼûбҪѸ˷ϡ
Щķ˽⵽ҸĸǲΪ֪һĻлĹײ￴ʬʱҲžãǸʱ֪һķǶֲֻᣬʵܵӦŶԡ
ʬ壬ļ˿ĺ⣬ֻǾãΪʲôԭ򣬲Ҫ뿪Һ裬չ鲻С˵ǳ
˿̣³ǰԱ˵ĳһУҷ·һһŹµ΢΢˸УȴʼһϷһ޷ԼͶӰȥ
һʵô꣬ܳʲôҲˣ㲻ΪԼڳǣҽһְɡ
Ŀ΢΢һƺЩ˸УֻװԼ漴˵ʲôɣӣаְԼоŤ
˵ţεЦһ̧ȳŵȣǰ˶壬ƺҲΪԼģЩ
Ҳǣն˵ҲʲôбµˣֲмҰ־㿿ӽʬһҲ󣬶жҲ㣬ЩһͷԿ϶Ҳġ
һ뵽Ҿɻ˵ְֵΪ̫̫һ⣬ʱ򶡶ճ̫ãҰְҪǽʬ廹ꡣǲ˵ʱҲҲֻһѣ֮ļ꣬Ҽұҽְֵˣ˭Ѳҵʱлһһְ֣
æ˵ǰʲôʱģ
Ŀһۣƺû뵽һ飬һᣬ˵ʮʱɡ뿪һ֮
һоףʮʱ򣬶ְֹƶѾõòˣ֪ܲһõ׵ʬ壬׼
ɻ֪Ϊ˽̫٣м䣬̫಻Ϊ֪飬ҲǱڹġ
΢΢һᣬæ̽ʵ⻰ԣô˵ĸѾȥ֪ˣĻʬꡣ
̧ͷңһ˵⻰෼ͮİɣ
һʱûӦ෼ͮ˭һ²ʶǾ̫̫֣æҡҡͷ˵ǣ˶֪ĸ֮ˣҶСʱ򣬻׵ĻǻҲţûƭҡ
ɿݵ촽˵ҸղŸ߹㣬̫࣬һ֪ûġǸжĺӣ˵ĻҲ٣ֻ˽飬ȫ෼ͮļѡ
һ㶣⻰ô˵
ִ˴֣ƺڿҪҪҵʱҲֻ±ƼˣʲôҲ֪
ԥһᣬ̾˿̶̵ʱڣѾǵڼ̾Ϣˣ·ֻҪ漰Щ飬Ե
һۣãʱ֣֣ǶףǶôƺʱ֣ȷʵûֻӦЩ飬Ȼ෼ͮôͬ⣬ҲĬˣԲǸ֣һʱ뷨Ƚϼ򵥣ҶԹ֮˵ҪηһЩҶ֪෼ͮʲôˣ֣ϢһȥҶΪ棬ûȥ̽ѰֻǿĸһЩ
ǲ⣬ҪǼĻôῴ׵Ĺ
ҰҡҡͷִøƵʱǸ֣Ĺ꣬ǶǺӣˣ෼ͮһЩǲҲһ˫ۣǡǶʱ䣬պҲҪˣһ׼̽һ¡
һ˵ţ̧ͷңҲֻǺᵽСʱ׶԰ɣĹڿ϶ûڼ
ҵͷʾ˵ȥ
һôĿľΪ˿ǺǲҲۣȻô鷳Ϊ෼ͮҸȷϡҲǰУŻǸӣԿǺܾãž֣ҪĵöࡣȻ裬Ͱһ˿ɹĹ֣װ֣ӣȥˡ飬Ҳ֪ˣֻû뵽෼ͮ⵽̶ֳȣ۾Ϲˡ
΢΢죬ѿǿ˿ɹĹǣ
ɫһǻƤ


113 
Ƥǰһ»·ңԭôǰѾй˵ĻʹڣȻǵ
ĸ׵ĹϵǶ½Ĵ¥﷢Щ֮ѾĵףһΣձǩλá˵ĻЩģ˵ģѾȫ
Ҳ֪ʱֻΪƭңôһ˲䣬ҲԳֵ˵ĵ׵뷨ҲߵĺܶһСˣĻԶʵͻ໥ӣԺתƭˣԸȫӣҲԸǻһʵ
ҳĬ˰ΣҰְ֣˵ƤģҲĻ
Ұֵ˵ͷ˵ûǰôͶ
˵Ƥĺ֮¡Ը裬ҲΪʼôһ仰Ƥѻǣ֪֪治֪ġˣԹȻ濴ĹϵͦãǱҲǻ˭óһ
˵һʦһǱϵĶݶ壬ܲ
û˵ֻš
ң̫̫۾ϹԺʵ趼ǳ𣬵ʱǿǹöĸ»طʵڲУһڰᵽҼסҲһֻϣ˳˳Ŀʼµ
Ұְֽ뷨֣˵ˣ֣Ҳǳġ֣ȻǸм˿𣬿ȴҲǳҲҰԸԭ󣬻һڻؾҰְ֣˵ȻӦҰְֵ飬ڻû꣬Ҳⲻȥ
ҰְĻҲ겻ѣȻܴ󣬵İ˵ѡ֣֮Ļؼҿ̫̫žǶల䣬Ұְֲڳ꾡Ҳ˽⣬ֻ֪̫̫֣󳳹һΣ֣ţˣֺ̫̫࣬ҲǸ֪жˣһչ˶Ρ
Ժ̾һ׾̫̫ҵ̬ˣô²ģ̵ԭ֪ĸΪ
֪Ұְҡҡͷ̾˵Сˣ෼ͮкޣҲֵ黺СֻʼԽǸ
ҳЦһ˵ôԽ˼ΪǣŪɢģûֱӶϵǺõˣѲ㻹ָÿζЦӭ
ңǼһ˵ģ෼ͮȻǸŮˣô꣬һ˳ۣʲô֣ܰȻߣһˣ۾Ϲˣܰ鶼׵Ǻܶ˶Ȳ˵ġޣΪ֣ˣ
ҰԼھ̫̫λһᣬ¿Ĵƴô꣬תۼС뱲ӹȥˣɱˣܶԺûɶָͻȻи˳Լһ룬ȻǸȳӣûʲô£ԺӣҲһͷ֮˶
̫̫µʱҲһһԺ֣ɳ׽λ顣
æ֣ôģ
ɫɥ˼һ˲䣬·ƮúԶһᣬ˵֣ҲΪҰ
һûĻ
ң˵СǵѾ֪ˣʱҴڼлҪţǹأǿܲˡʱڼŰ취ʵΪ˽飬֣æȥлšҲ뿪෼ͮǼ顣
ҶЩģףͺһ֣ҰְлҰְֲѰҽѳһеİ취ȻҲûгɹ
Ұְ˵Ļʱ֣˵õʱ䣬ֻ꣬ûҵ취֣ؼңҰְȻ滻
һ𣬼ܹ鵽Ѿʱ䣬˵˵̲ǣܿ͵ˡ
Ұְֳ׾Ѿȥл׼ɾʱȻһκѳԷĹУⷢһЩµԵʱͶ·˵
ǸˣǰϵҲǳҪãһγţƺ˲£־Ǳģ˵Ц˾ƺȶˣ˵óҲû˹˼ɣڽ
Ұְֱ֪ⷽԶö࣬ʼҲûϣȫ֣ţоͲˡ
˵ģһ̸ϵ¡
ʮڸиҵ𲽽׶ΣͻͶǮζͳܣȻᣬҲܱ˴йӿʼ㶵ﻹͨŶʱҲ׬˲٣ԺȲġ
˼ʶԽ࣬ǮԽǲãҲ뷽跨ϳǮꡣβͬǣǰұˣǱ
Ұְ˵ʱΪǮڻҲ˲٣ڸغУЩвóֵĶֻҪͷ֪ͨһ˳ˮ
ˣȴָҪ⡣֣ԼڣҲûţֵزͺмϵ˺úôһһʣ֪ԷǸͷ˵⣬ʵҲ㲻ϣֻп񣬴˳֡
ʯʲôĶûɶо˵ֻС⣬ҲûɶͷʱѰ˼ҪǺöͷˣﻹֵԸûϡ
֪߸մߣŹһʱ䣬֣˿ϵݣЩȻطϵϵдģһɫǹǿ£Ϣ٣඼ͷҵǣô׼ָЩϵ˱ķˣŴӦϵһ¡
֣˵ǿʲôֶβŰϵҳģ˵ЩżͬһʱȫؼĹѵͷɣͬʱڹڸ
Ұְ˵ʱҲôˣò˼飬һ¾ˣֻ֪淢顣
Ѻȵģ˵Ͼ䲻ȥҰְֺһ¡
˵ʱҲɻţѵԼǰӺڻ˸ҷˣ׼ĵϸҲǷǳףЩҲǰæѣҪ飬Ҳܶ
ŲģǾͷһ档һţܿԷͰźʱ͵ص㡣ʰһ£ͳˡ
ĿĵأҲûƬ̵ֱȥԼõùʱͷûǱ˼Ĺϵ۵úܣɳһûþ˯ˡ
һ֪˯˶೤ʱ䣬˯Ժֻ۾һѾվһͷűһֹЦݣһһգգĿ
һæ˵ֱӰѵƴ򿪣ΪţĵӶ˳
ͷû뵽ӦôһҲˣҲҳ


114 
ŵƹ⣬ſ˵ģ⣬ϵ·ǲҲʲôǮֻһŵסԼĿڴ
ۿͷûʲôϡĵطľвŷͬʱҲЩʧԭΪ㲻רģҵô˵ʲôϡ
ĵæͷЦЦ˵⣬һ˳⣬ĶҲûֻղһҲǳĵġ
ͷ𵶣һæЦ˵Ȼûû
һͷӦͱƵģپ˵ףȻȥͷǵúܣҲǳɾĺˣﾫء
ĬĬţֻڳһʵ޺ӣЦźͷ½ˣô뵽Ҫӡ
˭֪ͷҲǺöԸģһûһĺŻؼϢȥ
ײʲôʱȤŰѻƵǿϡ
ͷ˿ڣӶͳһб۾һۣž˵ǿˣֻǱͷ־ţ㣬Сһһ㣬ӷǳ
棬ֻһҿſʯĿ
ʯͨ͸̣һ覴öҲͺǰ˵ʯû˽⣬ȻúÿҲֲǼ٣ֻⶫֵǮ
ֻǿĻƣķǳ£ЩͼֹŹֵúܣ˰죬Ҳ̵֪Щʲô
Ҫʯùϸϸ鿴һ£ͷͺһʯסЦǺǵģȴȥͷΪȤ˵û˳ƾǮӲҪһֽǮһֽС
ЦһԭûȤ˭֪٣ûоɽֻͷ̫һЩ
װ˼ӣͷ˼䣬ֳⶫûжȤ˼ֻһ£ԼⶫҲѹѹǮǡ
֪ͷ˼ʱͻˣͺҪһæʯ˵úÿɫʵأ㵽ĶҲڶˣ
Цҡҡͷվ׼ߣ뵽ͷȻģֱһץס·һӲѼ۸񽵵һ
һ˵ͨˣһ۸񱩵ԻɣοⶫûɶȤתҪߡ
û뵽ͷһ¼ק͹ˣ߶߶˵ЩʲôҲ壬ӣͺǿҪʯȫûǰ־ģ
һ龰ﲻŭˣֻͷھ
ʱ򣬷ĵƺȻϨˣʱʲôͷһ£ӦΪբ֮ͣࡣ
ĨҪȥһµƵĿأͷȴקһҲ߲ǲŷͷȻƺںʲôһ
һ룬Ȼô顱죬֣ǰʱ򣬶ܿ¹⣬ôͻȻͱˡôһ룬ȻͷһĽŲһһ̤ѵصľ·һ
ûӦȻͷһɤӣŵһվԭغúӲǲҶ
ͷķӦǳ֣ǰǽôһźȻરવĵŴͷ˵ЩоĪĻ
ͷһڵԿͷһƵĵ֪ˣ֪ˣֻ뻻ǮѣڲҲ
ͷⷴӦŻˣŲŲţҪԶһЩǿȴͷţôѲ
ͷ˫ֲǿͻȻһס֣ӲֳŴͷмµҰˣǷŹҰɣ
ͷӣоһֵý΢΢˹ȥҪ֪յߣ۾һգ֮⣬Ҳ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͻȻӰһһòֱֻͦͦվ⣬һ˫˫۾ƺԼͷͷ
ʱⳡסˡһĭ˶ɵˣԼΪʲô߹ˡֻȲţҪܣȴҶ
ͷȻֲҽһɵĻعͷȥȴȵķ֣ͷôˣ
ǰһ뻹ڷˣôͻȻʧһĵæĳ⿴ȥǴЩӰȻҲͷһ𲻼ˡղŴú˵磬Сˣʲô鶼ûзһϨĵƺȻֻʣһˣǿǺ
ǿǺ֪ΪʲôʹȴŽԼİҹ˷䣬Ʊȥ
һֱڼûҳײˣæһڵСʦʦˣһЦ˵ǹͲƣף
Ȼţû뵽֮һʱ䣬⵹ԽԽŷ
Ұְô˵ҲЩ֣ͲȷЩǺȫͬͷΪʲô˭ңƫƫҪʱҰְҲ벻ףֻǽžƾôģ
һЦҲûֱӴӻӳԭΪⶫת˵ĴԵԾš
Ұְֽ˹էһҲûʲôϡĵطǿЩ¡ϸһƣȴЩˡ
࣬ŵĻƶطһһֻһ۾׹ǾǴ壬΢΢͹һС㣬ϸϸͣŶľ׵λáֻû̳лǾ˵Ҫлʱࡣ
ҰֵʱʹһıԵһ֣ͺõһæͼһط֮ܳһʱ䣬׼ҳʲôطȻȥһ̽
ȥǸطԺ󣬷лвٹϵҲû뵽ǵľء
ͬеһˣҰְ֣֣Ǹõѡ
֣˵ôҲȥˣ
Ұְ̾˿˵㲻ף˵ʱ䣬Ϊ֮Һ֣һ;ȥм仹һЩ飬Ⱥ˵֮˼ΣҲ͹ȥˣҲŷ֣һǲҵǵطͺǿŵԿһû;ԲС
û뵽˾ȻôãæѵΪĹϵ
Ұְֵ˵ͷֺȻȭͷ˵ͺһߣ˹ȥֻû뵽ϣҲΪǸˣȻҲΪҺ֣
ɫ΢΢һ˵㲻ǸǸ˵Ľˣµ㻹ҪЩʲô㿪ʼ˵Ҿ֪Ǹˣְ֣


115 ծ
һһ˫۾Ѫң˵ʲôֳĬȥ
һʼᵽǸˣܹЩ鴮ģԺоֻһᵽΪ˶Ҿ͸ȷˣڣҲǷҼʲôծ
ֻûףΪʲôʱԸְֱֵ
Ұְҡҡͷ˵ʵǺ֮䣬˵˭Ҳһ仰ܹ׵ġ
Ұְָң˵ʶҪͬвлʱҲûôһ£ֻ̽Եĺְһ䣬˭֪ͬˡ
ҰְЩ֣һûʲôӴˣôӦôˬ죿
ְЦЦֱӴӹﱧһͼֽչҰǰҰֳ濴һᣬҲǳ𺳣ǰǹϵĵģͼһʱ䣬òײҳһľλá
û뵽һֽϣĶǹǵط鱨ͼﲻǸĹǸعÿӵĸ֣÷ǳϸ
Ұְ֣˵Щġ
׾ЦˣæҰְ£
ʱõ֮ÿһʱ䣬ͻһֵΣȥһûĵطһƬʲôǵ֧ѣͻȻԼһʯܰڷŵģЩΪѵõĴŶһ࣬Լһû뵽Ǽֵǣתһʱ󸻴
ÿһΣݶһһģʼǳ֣˼ǸԤףǰʦʹ˵ǹףҲǴ֮סԤʾһ죬ľ󽫻ʵ֡ʦ˵꣬Цģ׵ʱ
Ұְ⻰ûףܾﲻԣ˵ȻȻְҲԸͬУǶˡ
еʱƤһֱЩģҰְ˵˲ٰοĻŶٿοһЩҲҰְҪСģǸΣǹҲãǺ¡ͨĹĶǶõģһСľͻǳʲôҲҪ뿪ʱڶҲ١
ЦĴӦţһҪġ׼Ҳͳˡ
ҰְûٹĿĵص飬̣ƺЩǸͨҲһ·ͣͣǷ˲ʱ䡣
ֻ˵ȥŷֵֺЩ𣬴ŵķ䲼ֵûЩϸ΢Ĳ𣬸Ҫǣ䣬ǿտҲʲôҲûСֲˣԼðΣɽĶͺȫһֱҰְǱԹ̫
ҰְּκԲϣʱ˵飬ķˣǿ϶ûʲôģУҲ΢СһܵĻ֣ЩС
ƹһһ䣬û뵽һеĵطȻһƿְֶʱû첻ˣ㱻ҵһʱһƿӣܵǰһá
Ұֲиǿæĸ׺һѾˣָһƿӵӶʹһʵŵһһ£ƿˤ÷顣
Ұһ˵ˣרŪõ⻨ƿۣ֪ѹʲô
뵽æк˳ˣճڣһӵĹˣ
ǸûµģһץסҰֺŭȥòװӹ˳û뵽ǣֹƵʱûʲôˣȻΪܣʶקҰһѣһ°ƷڵأЩһӵϣҰֶʱû˻ֵĻᡣ
ľѣָоͺҿЩɥʬӰһһȺ׷ȱ׷˻ᱻԵȻΪ˱ȰߵŪԭأɥʬʱԼһĻᡣ
ҰְĹ˵赭дģƺԵʱԸᣬֻ˵һ˲䣬ˣһֹרεѰЩѬĵˣʾȥѰԼķĹⲻǹͲƣǽЩȥ֮󣬾ʳǵѪ⡣Ҳ׻˵ģΪ
ʵͱֹˣԽǿ͵뷨ûҸǵԼֳҲͱһΡ
ҰְѹʱŷԼѾˣҲѾʳĲƲԱߣ֣ʬ壬֣꣬Ѿֱˡ
ʱΨһĸоǲġԼƴô꣬û뵽ˡ
һȻһһ׷ȥҲΪԼһ˿ô
ʱҲ֪Լôģͺͷһȣ뵽öְֵʬꡣҲͱģԼʬ˳ɵصŷѾܾˡ
ϴ棬˺ܾãžϣֻӣҲزǰˡ
ʱȷҲǺŴְִ֪ӳԺҲǼһΣģҰְֵѶ⣬лԡ
ʱ˵һ£ԭÿһ飬ûлɡҪǣ˻ƿһ֣˵Ұְֺ֣ûҵҪһʱִŪƿӣýԶʱȺһûƹԼҲˣû˶پ˳
δȫţ޶֤Ҳֻô
ҲΪ飬ʱʼͼǺףڼ˲鷳ûа취̸ֻܸͣҲ
ҰҲ˵ʵûҪʱѪҪֻѪѣкܶ෽ܹҵΪծڣ׻˵ծӳҲԼڷѪ֮ǲܹһУˡ


116 
̾һ׵飬֪һ쿪ʼһֱûж룬ʱڻĵأ뿪Ժ󣬴ؼĵһ飬ǰҥǵĹϵ
˵׻Ϊ˱ȫԼڱǰͺƭĸһ
룬֪Ϊʲô־ԼܹͺҰְ˵ʵҲֲ˭˭һңʱ˶ΪҶһԺôǻϵˡû׼ΪԲˣҲѣΪֻԼһЩ
ⲻֻͬҪǷԼϣÿ˶վڵƸߵ˵ȨʱҾ֪Щ飬ǲǸö˵࣬Ҳ֪Լ֮ô㽲ˣҲ֪ʲôΪ־Ѿ˱ıԵʵڲȷܽܵ
ҳĬҰְҵļ˵Сڵ뷨Ҷ⣬ѾˣôѡǿԼҪǣһֱ벻ףΪʲôҪȥǡ
ҳĬô룬ſڽҴϼһԺ󣬾̫̫ʧ٣ǿҿŵ붡ҸھӶݿƣעǵһһҲû취¡
˭֪ҵĻô룬Ȼɫһ˵ԣ⻰⣡
΢΢üͷҲ֪˵һ֡
ɫǳأҪǻĵطƾ͸վⲽˡֱֱɲͣĴţ·Լ飬ͻʶ
ҵ˺һᣬڣ˵෼ͮôģȻΪ֣飬˺ʮ꣬ҲǼϵּңҲֻżӴһ£ΪŮˣ֮ȫûвЩľˡ㵽ڣ֪飬Ҳ΢΢෼֪ͮѪ꣬ѪὫ޳ʱ޷ƣںңҲ
ɻʣ˼˵ǿǱǵģ̫̫ȫ֪飿
ɫصĵ˵ͷ˵෼ͮԭǾǴˣлʲôŹ֣֪˵һʧŻ㣬ӵԸӦҲԲһȥðգ϶˴
ҰְֵĽͣ뷨ʵҲ̫̫࣬㲻ϲңԹҸףû˺ɣҪµϢǿ϶ȰѶų⡣
ôһ˵оˣǿŲǾ̫̫ǵģŵˣҺͶ˽һǳ֪ҺͶõϢԺ󣬻һʲôľΪʵУܹǾ̫̫ĵϢ˶ûֱӽϢңװܵھӶֻϳ
ʱھǣûСĻϡСҲ벻飬ƾǸ¿ŵˣҲûϵֿƽͨһˣתǵ
гĺѡף·ңһһֶվסţְֶûпƼݵҴҰְֵھǵ飬Ҳ˽⡣·ңҪѪ꣬Ҳ֪ȥǾͺǵĳԲˣɴ˿ϢˣӦһʶǣû¶ˡ
ҽ뷨˵Ұְ˵Ҳδأ̫̫һң̷ңоǳϹϵˣѾˣÿ˶ܣ㲻֪ĿʲôԺ£ȿǺú
ҵͷһ룬˵һֱ֪л棬ʲôȻ޳ܳ
ҰְֳһڸҪ˵ЩʲôŵȻһͣǹ̫ǿûסӣءһڳϡ
΢΢һ£æʳʲôˣ
֪ҰְֺȻһꡱƣȻὫǰ濴һۡ棬ҲæǰȥĹޣֻܿһ϶𻷾
һ;ȵķڳôãȻĹ֮ڡͺһֱͣԭû뿪֮ǰȷʵһֲǰĸо
Ѿˣȡ֮ģǰĹխĵ·ϣȻ˼СЦţʯͷڵϻһߣȻһһСʱ򾭳ĲȸӵϷ
⾰Ǹ죬˭ҵĺҹʱ򣬻ܵĹֶҲһðŻڵⲽƺҪܳȥһЩǰĺӡ
Ұְֻһۣɫıæתͷң˵Сұкܶ໰˵ûʱˣ׷ңӳȥһ·ǰֱӻסĵطʲôҪͷסˣ
ұȻ׷ʲô飬Ҳ֪ʲô׷Ұְ֣ǵǻӣ֪ǰľҿѾѶԸˣӾʧȥж⿴ûʲôСȴΣճ̶ȿ֪
Ҹûпǵʱ򣬸һͷҰְһңһƿӣקҾʹӳȥǰǼСһǳȸӵϷͣסˣлģصĹҹû˿ϲУôһ˿ֲ
һһͺûһ˹
ҰְһۣǼϢһںһ䣬ܣ
Ҽûгɣתӣ԰ĳ˹ȥһЦһ±ˣСһȻ˿䣬ԽԽҷ·ҵ󣬲ʲô֮ȥһ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԼ˺СĹ־Ҫǿ࣬ͺҿֲӰʱһЩצĹܸһٵĸоֻҪֺӺ˵ӰĪķëҲ֪ǲҲ˺һ
ұŪȫëָоͺһһ紵㣬ëȻһ
ҽŲͣ£ǰܵʱ򣬻ǸомֻС֣һֱӻȽţеĸо̲סҪعͷȥ
Ҳ֪ҰǱߵԼԸҲֻΪۣȻҲǰ˽⵽ݣǲ֪ͬԼǲϣµġ
һ·ǰܸоʲôûͣ˲ã԰Ժܵ·ϣǿ޺СһЩһξ룬ųˡ
ҳһŵ̧ͷǰ·ϣǿտյκ˵ӰӣԸʲôҲûУܺùһˣǹһ
û뵽ǣҸһҪǰȻи䲻ĴӺ𣬴һ˿ǻ˵̷硭


117 ʬ
ƺӶһ£վԭزҶţһҲҵĴӱ
ǳ尾ܲסתͷ
׿⣬һӰվʹԴͷɢ·£ɿסббƺҪŬվֱԵһ
ҼѵһĭŷԼѾɬУſڣź֣˵С
޷ֱ΢΢һҲʱֹסˡ̧һʶĸźˣڵľ󣬾ͺǰסʱһյĴ·ϣֻҺӰӡ
Ҵʶ·ңԺѾ֪ܹž˵жʵͳһһģͺ̧ʵеҲһ̧֡Ψһͬ£ھԤһЩᷢ飬ͺ·ңҲΪŶ·ңɥĲıɱһ
ָоЩףԤԺһᷢ飬һֶδԤԣķӦͬҲı䡣
ΪǰĹصʱЩģڵͺ񽫵ʱľظһ飬־ҵĲӣҪҵģҶЩĺڣҲò߽һҾһһξ롣
־ƺҲʶˣŲո̧ûǰ̤ȥ
۾һգգֱԼһͳ˹ɲ֪Ϊʲôͣ½ŲԺ󣬾վԭ
Ǿôţ˭ûжһ¡֪һСᣬȻˢһ̧ͷԴ΢΢ŵģȴʱӼϵȥһЩȻŤѪƤõòӣԭĳ࣬ǸղĹ˿ײĵʱ򣬿ģҲֻЩѹѣһ䣬ҺȻöģ̲סͷθ
մѪ۾ңȻĺһ˵̷磬𡭡
ҿһᣬʼû˵ͺ̽һۣᳯһм˵ţҲģ̷磬ֻǰһʲôңԲԡ
ӿһ֮У̲ס˵ͷֳ߽һ̷̷ĽţȻĸоǿǰӣֿ־ģһ˷ǵĸо
Ҹֻ̾̾ʱҲˣ˵վҪСʲôûɵ飬ԸңʲôԸģҶܾ㡣
ԹһĨ˵̷磬Ȼ𡭡
ҲֲԼģԼʲô״֮СΪϡ
ǿҲףȻֹסŲʱ˵̷磬ղ˵Ҫʲôǰɣ
ûпǣȻֻ˵Ҿ
ֺȻ̧ƺҪסҵļϵʱһ۾ֱңҾҪ
һ䣬ʱ˹һתҪܣ֪ҸתӣȴֳҺ󷽣֧֣һ¿סҵĲӣ
Ҳ־ΪʲôôҲǸŵ߲ͷ࣬ۿԣʶľֳͷϴȥû뵽һȭ£ֻԼȭͷʯһҵֱһʹƲסĶ
־ͷ΢΢һˢת˻ſ¶һŲȱȫݣģȫܺ־ϵһ
Ųסţȴ˺ֺֻеץסҲӵԽԽΪѪ۵ܡţҺȻһֻɫĶ־ȥ˹ˢһ£ıϴ͸ȵĴ֮У
־ʹ̣Ͳҽһ˳һߣһò״ѳҲһµڵϣٵĺ
ţ˳ҺһԶԶĴ⽹
æ̧ͷͿ쿪ųӣԶɳ۶Źһ̽ӣң׼һӡ
Ҿͺ񿴵һʱӦˣһ˦˹ȥ
ѳһɲѳͣ·ߣҴһ˵
ҴҴææܹȥţ־ں溰װһģ硣
ǸģһﲻǳӣǶһ䣬˵ĻװΪԼأ
һ£˶⻰ʱ׹ѹ֮ǰһֱоԾģʬͲ־
һ룬ϷϵǴһʼȲ˵ʬ徹ȻܰʳʬŪʱ֣ѾܲԾ
ͺ˿һǳһȻЩ죬ֻҪ֪־ĹǲҪȥĹпյʱһῴ̽һۣȻ׽
ңˣĿң
Ҳãαװ־ʬҲգĿĶֻһѡҸоµǣֵˣҺ־Ĺϵǳ˽⣬и뷨Ǿ˺֮ǰϢȥǵ˿ͬһΪǶҵǳ˽⣬ҶϣҪҵҲ֪뷨̫໹ɻǣİְ־һ֪ûʶʬ־ͬһˣ˵ʲô顣
ԭѾ⣬ֳìܣ־ھǻҪˣʬȥҪţΪʲôˣ
ϸ룬ֱӴ򿪳˽ȥʬ屻ʶƣҲͣװǻƵӣסֻϵļҪѼŬӵ׼ǡ
Ҳûᣬ鸴ӵʬһۣ漴һȣҺͶͳ˳ȥʬԶԶ˦ںߡ
ԭʬûģӣӦҲ׷ˣǶŵ˵û£ղһ͹ܵˡ
΢һЩôʬģ
˵ʱҺʬʱѾˣʬ嶼óˣһ㸯ζûУʳʬͷϵĻѾлˣɾȻܰʳʬʱ򶡶о͹ˡ
ԭʬˣԭǸſʬҪȥںúоǸʲôû뵽ֳ˾ͻЩʣұ֮˰죬óֿȭģٳʲôӦžȻؼҵװ˵û뵽һˡ
˵ӺӾ￴һۣ˵̷㱻Ǹ˴֮󣬷ʲô飿
һ⻰Ҳæعͷң˵ˣǸ˭ǲҰְ֣
ˣͺԼͻȻǸܵһ֪λش𡭡


118 Ǳ
ҰûзӦһֱӺӾﶢҿҲüͷвס׷
ʼղ֪οڣ£ͺϴһҰԸңְ֣˵ѵѡڷϵѾˣҪȫгʵ벻ʲôá
ֻȱؾᣬЩؼĵط㲻ҲգǶǣܲһֱ¾̫̫Ҳ֪û׼ʲôʱͱ˳
ҿ˺ܾãңֿ죬ýֲסĴߴ
ſͣоֻǼ仰飬˵һȴԵ÷ǳѡ˺ܾã˵һ䣬ǸˡҰְ֡
һ£Ҳסһ£һͣסӣתͷң˵ûɣСʱҰҶʧôˣʲôʱӣ
ֻɵúܣ˼ĭſڽҰְֺͶְִŵĹϵ˵̣жСʱ򱻻Ƥƭ齲һ£Ȼмй׵ģˡ
꣬ķӦһЩֻǸоЩ棬ȻƽʬĵӰ͹Ҳ٣ߵģ⻹ͷһϡ
ҵĽܾ֮û˵Щ뷨밲ο䣬̧֡žһ´Դϣ˵Сʲôأһ飬֮ǰ̷ֵĹϵǲģȻҲ֪ʬʲôģְֱ᲻ʲôӰ죬̷ûйϵɱǣˡ
Ȼ֪Ǻ⣬ﻹ̲ס̾Ժ֪ʱû׼ӦҪȶǿһٱ
ԴҲʲô飬ҺټӣæսһЩŷۿﶼˮʱļ˵ҪҰֶԲǣҴҶУұ֤֡
˭֪Ʋ죬һ˫۾գգ͵ĿңһҼĸоȻתͷ죬˵Ҵˡ
һ£ҿһۣһ¾ˣ˵úãҴˣޣһүǣҶ޹ˣ
Ҳ֪ǱȽģƽʱϸǱһڣ۵ģһֻҪܵίˣߵϢ̱ˡ
ҲԺŷ֣ڶദʱΪС̫̫ϰˣܲ˵ľǱ۸վڹǰƾԼһ£һڹ֮ϵǿ֡ģԹֵʱǵٶĿ࣬ǲڳǰġ
ҿҲǸοĻᣬæСһĸԴһ̽Եһô롣
Դһۣ˵ʲôô룿
ѹװԼҲܿյӣ˵Ұֽʬ鰡
ԼԴ˵ûʲô뷨Ȼ֪˵ҲԸҸһ˵ʵԼޣְ˵ֻǹǸѡ
ҶʱһʯͷҲԱЦţԶ˵ղŰôһſƵ
ʱ·ʲôܴһ˵룬ҾȻ̷һɵƣҲƤƭһأ
һ⻰ԭôһ˿θУɢˣھͳ˵СеԲôĵôȰأľȻ
һ˵ģ˵֪ƨǹƭһζ˵ûʲôרҵ׽ʦ˵ǳ谡֌˿ǲᶮģ
æԲ˵˵ˣ˭˵һҾͰ³ȥ
һ䣬˿ˣҲһںϣתͷŴ⿴ȥһţһ¾ͳ˳ȥ
ǵҵʱѾˣ߽ȥҲſСڿ·ڵһǻæվû°ɣ
ҡҡͷЦһ˵ǰ࣬оհɡ
СŷһЩûлطȥɳϣߵλãʾȥ
ֵĿһۣҲ֪ΪʲôӣЩŹֱ֡ϢȥˣС˵̷е
ҵһˮţлֱ˵ɣŪô
ǰЦһ˵ģҺúÿһǵ״ڣǷֿһµúã
һ£漴ѿ˵Ҫߣ
ЩȻҵ˵ͷ˵ұҲֻʱǶѣ⼸죬ƺҲƽˣҵĹüܲһֱš
ҵͷȻĸо룬СҲжʱˣȻĹǲԸ𣬲Ȼ˵ҪҲûŵĵ
ֻǵ뿪Ժ󣬻·ң׷ɱһ䣬Ҫڵȼ쿴ûҲ١
СЦһ˵ѾǹˣţһûвܣҲûҪǶŮ᲻׷ǵ뿪֪
΢΢ЩΣ˼ͷСһּۣ˵ʵ߲߻ǴҪ⣬ǣǸܣ顣
΢΢Щ㯣æǲǳʲô״ˣ
ҡͷûУûֻ㣬ʱһܹѾܼˣȻе㱾£϶Ҳ˲Ҫ״˭˶á
ҵͷû˵ʵҴӾǻʱ뵽ģҲٺôұܣܲܰ߰ɣ
СֵģǳȥʱҾѾ̸ˣԼҲ׺һʲôԶİ취ҸպҪߣҲеطܹ
ֺһˮʲô취
ٺһЦ˵̷Ҽǵõһʱլɣ
ҡšһ׹С˼סҼլȥڣѰֵŲãҪȴǿࡣ
СĬϵĵ˵ͷ˵ҿԺȹһܹȥȻҲסϼ죬û˭׷Ҹø͸ȥˣҲһЩֻҪͬ⡣
ҲЦһæԼϼҵԿ˳С˵û⣬ʲôʱȥԡ
Сҵļ򣬱ǼһοЦЦ
СڶʹȻЩᣬ뿪ϾǶõѡû׼ԺЩˣǻлһѾԻ
һᣬǰʶʱ򣬵ӡ۵ʱǳݣǻͬѵľܶ˻һӣҲһΣԶЩ˵ιϵҪԵñöࡣ


119 ѯ
ڶһ磬С뿪ˡ
Ҹո˯СʱͱоԴ裬̲סϴ˯ͱḺ́Ƚϼ򵥣ҵ˳Ҫչ˺Լ֮ĻСȽϵ䣬˵һӦһ
ҴӶóһЩ׼õǮݸúţƴһᣬ˵ŰɣǮ̷͵ģðײá
һۣĳ˵ûúţһȥǱǮĵطҲ࣬ǮðײáҲԿ
һûŪ׾ôһ£һô˵ҲͲˣǮŽֶҪСĻһͱ¦ӣЦһ˵ԼˣŷһЩ
һֱȵҲжʱûⶫˣǵȥǵʱԭǹֱȥΪ֮ǰˮ˵̫صԵʣǷȥˡҲΪСǸʹӣû
뿪ԺԭҪȥ˯ȴһקҾͳߡ
òУϱԹҪȥ
˵㲻ǸңȥǵϢģզڻȥʣ˵ܷЩʲô
˯ֹ䣬治֪ôʢľҲֻ˯һСʱѡҲæ˵ҪһȥΪʬйŹ֮ǾᵽͷˣΪЩǳģ϶ҿҵ־ټͺ񶡶ҲôǾ̫̫һ
ʵܱʲô֪úãΪмˣ񷳡
˳⣬ûһ̫̫ļſڡ
Ƭ棬һ󣬶Զҵ˵û뵽ԼƵҪҵöࡣ
մӳмĺһ˵ʲôԺСүҲǮ½һõӡ
ǰһᣬתͳԱߵھӼȥæ϶ĽŲҲ֪ʲô԰ּڶĳŪ
ţ˴żʮ룬֨ѽһ򿪣˻ϴṆ̀ȿңһ£ʲô
ǰһ˵̣Ұ
Ůɫ΢΢һ£Ȼƴγһ㣬һϲЦ˵ⲻǶɣԼˣһϢתء
ٺһЦ˵˰̣ϴѾ˵ˣ㲻ǵ
Ůһ㱣̧Դĵף˵ôһӡûС
ַڱɻһۣͿӿ㶵һ׶ϻǺٺЦţװһɰӡսһЩ˵̣Ҹ˵Ļ
Ů˲թ΢΢üͷͷŶһЩиո˵˾䣬ҿЦ
Цֻû˵ڣе׶Դ˹ȥҺ춼û뵽ôһ֣һĶʱһСģǻֳģ
ŮҲĶһСѽľһˣͱе׶ţһ´üСȵʱֹסһȻ˹ȥ
æס壬תͷҺ쿴һۣԭأߴ˵ɵվŸæ
ҺһۣšŶһǰҿŮˡ
ԭΪбİ취ߵ˼ҼͶԷ˵࣬һʽȻٺͱû뵽ſھͶֱӰ˸ŪˡҺڵĸоͺڰһŵҪŮ˾ͳߣòװŪţܵĽֵûʲôע⵽ǣһ糿ǽĽֵϣ΢Щ塣
˳ϸһŮ˵ͷǱеĵطһѪķ·ϰһź춹һ׶մһѪȻ̽ԵķĶߡ
Ƕסо⳵ЩŹֽţҳһڡ
˴ʮ룬Ů˺оһȻǻԲѣϵıͷϲˮ
ţƤʼĶ·һУûãһɫһŤ䶯ĳӣʹŮ˵Ķ˳
ʶĺһ£ЩġҷѾһˣԿʲôоûСǳӴӶȫŤסӾҪһæһץס
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ȵӱĴָС￴һᣬ΢΢һԥȻתͷң˵̷
ҲֻǡŶһͰ˹ȥոձסʱһֲĸоʶջҲѾˡ
סҵֱ֣ſھҧȥ۵ҲۿֱϵƤͱҧˣѪʱ˳ֽһЩСֱϣһͺһһŤһͷֱϵ˿๾Ѫû೤ʱ䣬ֱ˶տǰĴС
ۿģѾˣŽӴֱϳ·Ůߣһһȥ
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һۣ˵ûǱҪûʲôԣѪʱһ㣬þͺˡ
һ˵ǰӵɸƶѪҵǲǳ⣬㣡ҧҶٴˣ˭֪ǲп񶡶
ҪŮ˺һתͷһۣ˵̷Ҫˣú
ҸоĪֿԼϵ˿һۣ׹û׼ΪǳҵѪڱҿƵ״̬
Źһʱ䣬ŮãȻ۾ʾһԼģһ»عղŵ飬ˢһؿһ䣬˵ʲô
ʱ˸ۣתͷҲû뵽Ů˵ĵһӦȻģæһ˵û⣬У
֪⻰һڣŮɫһͣҾͲˡ
һϷһﾹȻǳһϲ˵һ̧֣
Ů־̧ϱ黹ǳ͡
ｹ˵̷ˣ
ҡšһַ£һ˼˵Ѷұյ飬ĸǣ


120 
Ůûб飬Ӳľż˵ʱ򣬸оҲ֮ǰôȻҲƵԵʣܽĴẒ́Ѿˡ
΢΢һᣬƺӦΪ̫ãҪһ¡
ϣԭƽʱûʲô⽼ⲻƳô֣ɫһ͵ˣ͸ظңʲôģƽڡ
ŮҲˣϴһ׼Ӿϴ˯ǹ˲һᣬȻ⴫һֵһŷǴھӼﴫһʱ棬վڴһۣ̫̫ҵƹţΪǰóȥˣҲǵҼң̫̫һäˣҲòſƣ
ϸһξ룬ҲݣֻǾ̫̫ںһۣһһ۵ھӶ׷̽ͷǼҿȥ
۵˾ͺ˵һֻžһ죬ͺʲôڵϣˤ÷һһŻĪ˳󣬾Ȼ
̫̫Ȼ㲻ƣôΪھӣҲûʲô鷳Ů˴·Ϳųȥ뿪ԼҵķڣŷǳѾ֮ǰѾá󣬻̫̫˺ѷεĲҽ
ҳŶһۣҧ촽ɫǳǣʼûв˵һ仰
תͷּŮ˵ŵʱ
ʱ̫̫ĲҽУܵھӶЩͲסˣʲô˺飬ǼӴˣһᣬžǰȥ
þ̫̫ҵķţĽûоʹͣ£Ӳӵǣ鼱֮£ײŽȥǸո̧ţźȻˣ
һ㶣˭ûȶһ¡ŮվȺ棬ҲǰֻŲ￴ֻΪǸˣȥѾһ
һڳ˶һ
ֻ̫̫˵ڵϣſֻһ֮ңͷɢƽʱׯصĸоȫȻûˣ⼸ڵŬţƺҪӵذҪӳ
Ϊ˻عһгž̫̫һҪȥֵǣ̫̫ȻһҽУӾͺһһѣͻȻﵹ˻ȥ
ֻڵϲץţ˻ȥʱָڵذϻܳĻۣѾĥѪ
˶һĻŮҲһվȺ棬һֽͣȵ÷һ˿
ֻʱ䣬̫̫ͱϻ˿ˣĲҽ֮⣬Ҳһ˿ټ
ղǹһĻŵܵ˭ҽȥʲô飬Ϊ˫ŲţɫףһûüһȻһϤϤӷϴ
ԽԽŮ棬Ҫǰſڵļ˾һתͷͳź˹
һŮֻ֣ǿʲôֲĶԴǰһȻһƬɫĶӾ̫̫ҵ˳ϸһŷִûĳӣһȺһȺ·ɫˮһһ´ӿ˳˾ͳҲýŲöĴʲôŪֳӣûһᣬв˶Ƕֽһһµڵû˷Ӧ
ŮҲ⣬˵ӣҴææܻؼֳֹ˽ɻ׼ȻоԼһһŷֲ֪ʲôʱǳӾȻѾԼϣѾһӣѾ˶档
һʲô֪ˡ
ʱѾ֪˶ãĵߵߣ濴һۣھ̫̫ҵӣѾɣȼգֱʣܻвھӣ׷żͻľʵķƷǻ˶ȥܹȼյøһЩ
Ҳ֪ԼôˣŴľоǳƽһ뷨ûС
תͷһۣ˵˵ʱѾݿסˣǲ֪ԼЩʲô뿪ԺҲ벻ʱ顣
˵ţŬŬ죬Ȼʱüͷһ壬ƿү
ǰƵʱȻƽʱ״̬ͳûʲô𣬵;һֵ״º벻ǵʱûö֪ҲһȻӳëˣڿʱһЩ־ºľˡ
뵽˼ֿܣ̫̫Լʱ򣬾ͺ񶡶˵ģڶʲôһȻŻӡŮ˵ʱһһΪǸ;̫̫˷ŵĻ
û뵽ǣԭͷһѽճɷĻ棬ȻǸھŪġڱݿ֮һкۼɡ
ⳡ˺ܾãԿûд绰֣ǿ·˿ˣűҲˡǲ˭ڷ綼һ£ͺҵʱʱһһֻдھ̫̫ҵһУǵҲŻᱻݿƣ֮󣬳˶ݵʧ֮⣬Ҳûʲô顣
żѣҴߴ˵˭
ҴüͷĻŮظһ顣
˭֪ȴҡҡͷ˵ԼҲ֪ʱȻ̫̫Ǹ˭ûǸ˵ĳ࣬ʼòԾ󱻸ԺһƺѾźһûһ˽⡣
¶ʧıļ˵𼱣զǻȥú롣
εĵ˵ͷûп
ۿҲûʲôʳˣͿŮ˻ؼȥûģǼݾң
Ů˵ͷҲû˵תͷ³ȥˡ
üͷһ˫۾ǿһң˵̷ҪǶߣ
ҵͷ˵ǰôõĶҵĻԺû׼óء
һĵı飬˵ɣֻҪǹֶԶһЩУҿܹˡ
ҺٺЦһû˵ʲôֵһᣬǳӴŷ˳һŤһŤǳӣҵָϣҪȥֱϵ˿Ѫ
æ¶ôһ˵ţȥԺڹڣһιһѪˡ
ҡŶһҲȽϼ򵥣Ͷ˵ģѪ࣬Ѷرġ


121 
ȥ·ϣҿһƵģο䣬ͺڵ
ǸŮ˵ĻȾ̫̫Ǹ۵ӦǾ̫̫ʶˣ˵Ҳ
˷ִھӶϹȥӦǾ̫̫֮˲Сķ磬㣬ҾӦúлйء
һȥҾ̫̫ĿΪþ̫̫йл飬Ϊ̫̫ЩĻɸп϶ήͲ٣Ұְֵ￴̫̫ķҲеģлǱ̫Ź֣кܶҵڶ벻ס
ۿ̫̫ӦִͶ̫̫֡û϶˻˫Ŀʧ˶϶ҪԿһЩ
Ҿ̫̫ڵϱϻȥӣ˵˵ĿعƲھ̫̫֮¡Ҳõһ˼Ȼ̸һȥֵʱ˹˼ɣǰôһϷ
ȽǾ̫̫ڵȻҵķûо̫̫ʬף̫̫ȻߣԷǸЩֶεˣ̫̫ˣҲӲ
ΪԶԽޱ飬ǳ˵ʲôҲȰ
컹˸ʺϵЦԶ˵ƣ֪࣬䲻ھͿˣСҪ̷ָɡ
Ҷʱһƣ˵ҲûôһǴɣ˵ƨ˲ɣ
̾һҲûӻһӡ
쿴Ҳû˰취ֻǿһۣƲƲ졣Ȼң˵̷˵ϴųɣͣϼûôǰʱȻоˣ˵ǳײòˣզŪģ
ЩΣźϵĶһۣҲһ飬æյߣһ¾СˣſھͺǶײģʱ˲ϣųˣ
һڴɥ״̬ŵң˵ð̷Сӳˣѧˣ
ʼ磬˵Ҽզ֪ģֲŻѳײ
ͷбһۣ˵ãǳȥҲܳʱˣ֪ܲ޺ãСҲǮʵڲ˰ɣҲãͷе
Ҹ͵ĵ˵ͷǰöˣһǵһɨ⣬ʱҲࡣ
װһģҵλһںֹЩʲôҪĻҺһۣЦЦû˵ʲô
;ȥ˶ٷصҵʱ򣬲ѾˣͦóӣҲŷ¥ͣһŻ˽ϵļӳ¥ϰȥֻھӰʼҲûô⣬ֻ¥סЩķѡ
ţò׵·ó߽¥¥ŷ֣°ˣȻסҵĸڣЩڷżҾߵһһѷ¥ڣһĵˣվſںͰҹ˾Ŷ
˵ģҲֻ϶ѣǵαСױ˵ҲһҪһЩ쳯üë֪еľˣǰ꣬Ҳһķ
ֱߵԼſڣҲûҪ˵Ĵкʲôģһھӵˣ˹Ҳͬ³ûҪ׷ѹ
ҸմţȻ˵һ䣬һ䲻ҵĶ
ǰҹ˾ʦһۣЦһ˵̫һŪˣǿӣдֽС̷ʲôֿ
һ£æͷȥһۣھ͸ӣͰҹ˾Ĵ翴ǰһܴӡһᣬ˵ְ
ɻǿһۣҴӰᵽ֪ط˾ûԼŪĵַʲôô˸ҼĶ
һת˹ҿһۣŪҸΡȥµָָ˵˼ǿǸҵĶ
վֱӣϺܶ˵һЦҪǸŮ˹Ƶˡ˵ͽ̷ͦԵء
˵ţӳƹһȻ˵ҽСᰣԺզǾھˣָ̡
ҪǿԵĻϿ϶ǺߣģͲ˵ˣҲС˽ģ
Ҳܲ˵ĺһ˵ָˣӰ˰ɡ
С᰼û˼ҲΣֻ۾ҺͶһۣ˵λѺϲҰ
һµ۾ǵһ԰ҹ˾ĺһۣѹݺݵһڣ˵˭ϲ˭Ϲ㲻ǹζҶҪˡ
˵һûע⣬æһŷӦˮ֮࣬ζȽ嵭ŵõԼᰮˮʲôĶνϾǸ˵ϲöѣֻҾζͦŵģҲ֪ôô
Ժͷ̧ͷҲûʲô𣬹ϵŪ̫ǲá뿪Ȱ˵䣬ͼת߽ȥȥһ˵ӶҪˣȫʬת
һ⻰ջ˵ʲôʱȥСᰵĿҲ˼ĻҲڶУȴû¶ʲôĵɫֻǼ۾üëǴǳǳЦ⡣ֱ鿴ҾȻԾͺϵһϸϸһ룬˻泤һź꾫ֻԱЩλ
Ҷʹ˸ɫ˶ȥֻǵһлͶ׼Ӱᵽȥһ֣ҲŷӾȻĳһ˸ŪǺһ𣬺òײŪӡ
תͷţǸСᰵ˻ںͰҹ˾㶫ƺоڿתͷǳǳһЦĿЩζ
ɻüϷԺӶźһֱ֮ȥԱߣ˵̷򿪿װʲô
ߵԱߣһϵİװһʶôôŹ֡
ûϣһʣ̧ͷ˵ֹǹŹְŲζʬף
Ķһ£˵ѵǸ˰ᵽҸˡ
ҡҡͷ˵ԣţһúúõġŹֵԭϵζΪСʬ峤ģ˵Ĳģ
һ⻰һ룬ʱһθһûס˳
æҵĺ󱳣˳ְҲŰ֪մһ϶һɶζʹð˳һΪԼζܵˡһıŷֲǡ
һϵİװӸƿһЩʱˡġһӬ˳ѹѹһƬҷɣæסڱǣ̽ͷȥһͺ˽һˮһһֱĸоͷŵס
װŵģͷЩõòӣһһѵһ˳ӡ
ֱҿһԼʶҲ棬̲סһ
ھǴϵͷԴһͷȻǾǵĴ


122 
ܵĲӬҷɣһ;ȫ
־£ͷֶķθĸоȥ첻ֻһۣʱܽŻֻҺͶ࿴ű˴ˣɫӲѡ
һĭæҪӸ·վһԿҵĶҲŵòᣬǲҹæһǹʬ帯ζһ潫ԼעӱϣܿĿⲻȥĶղſһĻһֱصǰͺӰһ֮ȥ
ò׽·һ汻ʵʵһ˿ȱڶû©ǹ˶Ųˡ
ϸ˿ӵΧֶ϶ǿ͹ģȻôƵαװſݵϣҵֺ͵ַ֮⣬˵ַǿյģҲû취֪ʲôϢ
һۣԶԶ߿д˿һɢɢĶҲЩĴҷɵĲӬЩɳȥ
ɫЩѰףƺղǳŪùǺңʲô
ԼҲɶĺͷԣ֪ЩǾǴԴ֮⣬һ֪ҰѾǷź˵һ飬ɳϣüͷһᣬ˵̷㿴Ϊǰɣһ˶ˣ˵᲻Ӧ͵ˣЩͷΪǼס﷢飬Ǹ档
Ҿ⻰ҲЩͺЩƬݵһЩΪ˱רŰߵĶּĳȥȻһͻˣĶˣĿľΪ˸㣬˵֪ʲô顣ӶһֱӵĴ
ĲζϾǵˣҲΪǲ֣֮ҪҲ
ڴԱվһᣬ˹ҺĻ˵ѵʱǴﻹ˻ţ
룬ҲûпܣǸӣ̫Щסˣ֪ЩŹֵ飬Ծûʲô뿪ǶԾ̫̫ʱ̬ǾģӦЩܽ͵ķΧڵĶҪ˺Щ鳶Ϲϵ³Ҳô
ҾãӦûܹ޳ӳųʱȽˣûڴ˴ڡ˽һˣ뷨һˣìͷ׼ǣǻЩġڵЩ־͹ͷ۵ˡҪ˲ͽǲѾľ档
Ҹǣôҵסĵطģô֪֣վǴ嵱˵ĹϵΧǽٵļʶҪô̵ʱڴһ˵סҲһ׵顣
۵󣬻ûһȻ˵ɫЩأ쳯ӿһۣ˵ô죿Ҫô
һû˵ȲҪǰⶫ͸Ǹǵ񣬱˻һˣǷͷһֳԷ
ҳ˸ۣһ˵ó
ھЩÿֵһˣɺϣϸǸСᰵˣйôϿɲ˾ҸΪŵġֻǻ֪ǵѣʲôĿġ
üʶ˵ղŽģΪʲô⣿
죬һ촽ţһᣬҼǵ轲Ϊ˿ۣ
΢΢һͣɻظһ飬˵ۣ
ͷΪ˻ÿֵۣҲۡ
ҶʱúܸȤɳϱ˱ƣȤ
˵ֶЩУЩǺΪһЩ飬˼
˼ķкֻ֣ܶһضʱ֮ڣ紫˵ţĨ۾ܹţһɣʧˡ
⻹ģͨһܹͬĶѪ֣üƷһ٣Ҳ֮ͬʧǱȽ⣬һǸҴʱ̫ͬȾһȷ˵ͺ񷿼ʪ̫أþˣͻЩëϺʲôһĵֻҪҷֿʱˣȻͿˡ
ЩˣΪʵԭ򣬱ӼΪ˵ļǾһӶ͹Եһˣ뾡һзҲûмĻᡣҲ֪ʲôҳһַСʳʬıԼʡ
ʬԭа֮ʳãʬʾͱˣҲѣţ˵ĸоҲҲ˼
ǸСᰵ˾һֻ벻ףôԸַԼܣܹʲôõġ
ѵ˵һ˵˾Խ˷飬ԽҪȥ˽⣬֪жˣ֪жǹݣǻȥðϷһҪˣ֪Щж¡
̾һҪǻңҲ
˼䣬˯ˣ׼ȥϢһ¡ҲãһԴԺóȥˣֶҪǱ˿ƺҲϴˣʱֻܰڼж
ط˯ҺͶڿһռһɳҲ˯ʵڲеԵʣûӾ˯ˡ
Ҳ֪ãҺȻһϤϤڷҸոһЩΪЩͷʲô⣬ʱһһ¾ʹɳϴתͷӿȥӻڷԭûжһ
תͷ˿⣬컹ţҲѾ٣Ӧù˶೤ʱ䣬ͻ᳹װ
˸жתͷһһ̵ɳϣ֪ʲôʱѾû˶Ӱӡ
ɻվӣȥʱ򣬺ȻһϤϤ죬ܱ͸ⰲһ춯Ҷ÷ǳҵĽŲĶʱͣסŷȻǴͷ컨ϴ̧ͷȥһ;ˡ
˾Ȼͷ컨ϣӾͺڻſ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôӣȫëһ¾
̽ԵĳһǶûκηӦ۾ɱţ˯һ˵ⲻΰɣ˵¥Ҳû˵ܹǽİ
һȻͶˣӳű΢΢Ťһ£֫΢΢һ£һǰ˹ȥ
˵һͻȻ뵽ˡ顱֣ǰһֱ֪᲻ʲôΣƽʱҲûʲôģԶûϣһƣɲˣѵСҪˣ


123 Ѫ
æҪѶ컨ק컨Щ߶ȣҲνк˫۽յģƺһȫȻ֪
ԽżպҵĺҲ˳۾һۣ˯ʵôˣ
ָ컨ϵĶţ˵æˣ
ûӦ˵ɶ
һ䣬˳ָĵط̧ͷһۣһǸģҲˣʶĺһ䰥ȥܵǰϸĳŶһᡣ
컹Щʲôͣæ˵ұȰѶŪ
һ룬šŶһæӣҵ˫ţҲԼһˤˣץļ̧һҡһҡģŪûס
ֻܾסȻֳŶץȥȻ۾ƺܹоǵĴһһ̽ŤӾߣٶҲԽԽ죬ڵ±ңΪ׷öζˤ
һֱѶƵǽǣۿ޴ɶ㣬ǽȴһס֣һ¶ȶûУһ֣оԼģһѪ߸˵һ
һʹһϣƾͽӴݶקҲ֧Ųȣˡءһڵϣ
æһ˵û°ɣ
üͷƲƲ죬ȻȽʹ࣬ȴ˵û¡
԰һЩæ򶡶һۣһԣһ£Ҳû۾ӻǺһû֪
ʶȥѧŵ˱Ϣķʽַͷ棬ܵкһҪѹ
ӵ𣬶ҵԣֿңɻʣô°˯һͱˣ
ｹ˵Ҳô
һո£ؿڵλãºȻ͹ͺͻȻһһҺţ·µĶĶһ£·һֻƵġ
ͷһæһۣ·ǿŷֶϵɫƬ֪ʲôʱ࣬ԭֻؿڵλһЩż£ȻűһȦͺһߵӣһȦһȦ塣
쿴󣬶ʱһʲô
ȫעЩϣлһ䣬Ķûͣ£·𣬵ǿؿڵĵطֶʱסˣ
һôɫͷһһӶؿڵλͷ۾һɫĤͺҪƤһ
΢΢ſе²Ҷţͺ˴˸ǷһŵЩϸĶֱպ
Һȫˣ߿ڱպ۾ϵıĤȻһˣ¶ɫ۾ǵӰӰͫͺһ£Īһ顣
ǱŵˣһʶЬӣͷϡžһ£һûӦִſȻһ¾˶תֱһɫֻۣؿϵ״ЩߵԴҲȥͺͷͻȻֳҧһƵġ
ô˼룬Ȼһ΢΢һ£۾
û뵽һ¾ȻЧ޲Ͷҽײţһϲæͷȥãһۣб۾ڵļƣȻһµɴ۾žһ˦ϣֱӴˡ
һûʲô˼ͿӵԼ·мҺ죬˵̬·ʲô
ҶʱˣǺı¿ηΣվʲô˵ˡҲһۣ˵Ĳ֪ڳħ
·ǰûӡƲƲ죬ƺҪϼ䣬Щ죬Ծ͵ǲ˵ˡ
ĳһɳϺһˮд۾Ŷ˵СղǳԴɶˣ
һƺ˼ҿҲװģ̽һ䣬˵ô£ԽԽˡ
Ŷһ䣬Լ·ԴűϿ̾˿˵Ҳû취ⶫٶȺܿ죬ԽԽˡ
һ䣬˵ֹ񰡣Դɵʲô֪ء
ְڳһɻҾͰѸղŷ˵ˣɫʱһƨɳϣû˵ֻ¶յɫղűʹڶߣǸյӣ˵ǲʲôǰ
ûпңֻԼϵƬƵ̾һ˵̷ǲǵҺ˵Һ߳һ鰡
ҵͷûлش
һᣬּҵһ֣Ҳһ֣Ҳ֪ǲΪƬԽԽĹϵϸоֻˣʱоͺһʶһ
΢΢һ˼˵һ֣ƺҲ壬һڵ״ȻֻһߣҿɲС
΢΢һᣬղŵӣƾ˯Ժʶˣ߿סȻڻԣԺ۵˭Ҳ֪᲻أҿɲϣԺվŵͻȻͻҧһڣȻҧ¶ҲܶΣôǰҧҡ
æ˵˸ѰɣûʲôѹƵķ
ҡҡͷ˵ûɶҵһ֣ŪͺԼһҲûкôʶֶֻܿԼ־ᶨһЩûˡ
һǾףϾ˭־ʱ컨ҿһξ㿪۽ˣԺһҲ࿴ǼȻô˵ǾֻܿԼܶܲҸҽԼ־ǿһЩ
ıһû뵽ʱ绰ˡ
ҴӶֻͳһȻСĵ绰ĵˡҲ֪һû顣
Ҳ֪ʲôĿģһ뵽ڿլôҲúú˵˵
Ҹսͨ绰ԼûڣС˾ͷιһеʣС
Ҳ֪ʲôط绰ͷܴǷʹòɤš
ġšһһ䣬ƺǳ˵ӣæңǰǲǲʲôȥˣ
˵ģָӦþȥǼ졣Ҫ˵úһ٣û뵽Ȼ˵ˣʲôҲģֻ㣬һᡣ
һ⻰Щջ˵ûʱ׵Ժֻʲô᣿
һ£Ȼ˵㲻ڵʱһѪˣ


124 
С⻰һ㶣ͶһⷴӦɳҴսЩҪ绰˵ЩʲôҾͺӶ·һûع
ҿǿѪ䣬ڣһͷûУʱҹ˯žҲⶫ·ֻһѪ֣еһУܹһ㡣ҲֲõԤУԼ㵽ҲҲǿѪټ
ԵС⻰ʱҲ֪ʲôоͺƽĺȻһķ籩溧ˣȴһ˿춯
ҳĬһᣬͻȻָое죬СһҪõѪ꣬ҵĻֻƾҶѣæ˵Щʲô
СǱ߶һ£ֻصķ˵ôûĻԼɲȥǶ
Ц˼˵ҪȰǿѪҳѪ궼Ժ󣬺÷Ƕ
Сƺģ·׼һһڵ绰ͷٺЦЦ˵СûǿѪ꣬ԺӾ̫ƽˣҲֻǸ㴫ԸԸȥңǾͿԼˡ
һͺһ֪Լһ߳ȥͻᱻ˽ȫ̽䣬Ǹûѡ
ҳһᣬ˵ϻô࣬˵ʲô˵ô£
һЦСҲֻ֪һѪطѣ㣬㲻ûʱϵرȥ̽ǾʲôϣЩҶ
ңʱǿѪֻ꣬Ǳ¶һʱ䣬̺̣ܶܶǹϢŪĹֹĻ̻̣ʱ˲٣ǱǸᣬҳѪ˵ǸҪжѪϢʱͲˡʧӰ٣ûطѰ
һ£ǿѪƺӣȻһ෴ֻһӣ;һǵĹ֣Щˡ
ֻװεС˱Թһ˵⻰Ҳ߯ʵ˰ɡĶûȫǵĹ֣
һ±˵СΪòͬǿԹ޺ģ˵ˣһ˵ǹͺصըһҶ֪˭Ըط
һôֻǿѪԽ֪ҵԺǲа취ڵ״ٶȳĬȲ˵ⶫҵԺҸӹС˺ͶŮһе׷ɱ⡣
СҲ˵ڵ绰ͷһ䣬˵Сô˵ˣʲô
һ˵ұܰ׼ˣʲôţɺǡ
Сһʱˣ绰ͷǺܴķ˰Σڵʱʱή˲٣˵ȥлˡ
һЦ˵ȥô֪顣
һһ䣬绰ͷصһ£ͻȻ͹Ҷˣֻһཱུæ֪ټȥҲײʲô˳粻ٺ£Ͷһ²Ҳû뵽С˻ôһӦĵǲ֪ӡ
Χڲ輸ܣҲСڵ绰˵Ļظһ߶죬˸Գ˼һᣬȿڣ˵̷Ļ
ҡҡͷ˵ŲŶνһûУС˵ĻǼ٣ܵ취顣
Ȼһ֣˵⻰ǿŵģ̷ƣǴӻԺǲǱǰƽˣ⼸죬㼸ûʲô°ɣȷʵǰɾöࡣ
һڣ˵ûأĹصʱûˡ
һ£æ˵⻰ĹƺõĲ㣬һԺ󣬻ûʲôϡŹֵ飬ǰ߸ҹ·ûʱ
ü˵⻰İɣǺͷϻ࣬˵жҸ˶ѣ˵ǱѪˡ
ҵͷ˵Сǿ϶ҲҸңֻӵѰҵʱ䣬Բͷʲôȥġ
һ˵ưɣžҪǡҲ˵ҵˣӲš
룬û취飬תһǣҲδûлᣬֻ죬Ҫǻְô
ֵĿһۣû뵽һְҿǵģȲְƷôֻô꣬ҲвСĳɾͣϾϽˣıԼʶǱȲϵģֻܻ˼·룬ҪǷϣû׼뵽İ취ҪЩ
Ҳûԭֻ˼һ£ҪҰְɣ϶ﰵҲҲã϶˺Ҳ֪ģʲôģҪһЩ£һ£ˣöѣеģ벻ô
⻰˵Ȼ򵥣ܹһЩ飬ҿһᣬܱ£ˣûȻ˵ãû׼ҲܴСϵõʲô벻ջ
һҶ˼æ˵̷Ҳֻһ䣬ˣϾҰǺ˴򽻵ȥˡ
ЦЦ˵û£ǹǰҲ˲ǡ
û˵ָͷ˵£˭
ҵͷȻЩȻԥһᣬ¶һ㣬˵Ƥ
·˴̼һһ۾ôģһգգң˵̷ˣ˵СˣŮƤģ£ȥɣ
Ҳ˵Լôģǵ˵£ʣһðľ·ңĸ׸ִ۸ӵĹϵ˵Ҹ׺˵ϻСǣֱӺͻƤӴǵõϢ϶ӿ׵öࡣ
ǾµҲףϾǰϣʼ˵ʱ·ңദǶʱ⣬ҲƵʱ뿪ʱǸ񣬻˵ףһЩǾ䲻˺ҵĻ
ҡͷ϶ǲ飬ң˵̷㻹ӴҲ
εЦЦ˵û£ҪϵʱԼһȥҲһЩ
ֻǿͷ·ң飬֪Ŀɲһᣬ˶һѣʾԸһȻ⣬Ǿܾˣ˵ʵҲоЩΣգԶһЩҲܰġ
ôϣǲŽĿͶͷɫҲҲʱóȥˣȻʼëëģԴһӷɳˡ
ȥҺͶ˺ôŰӴ˳ȥողųżû¥ﴫһЦ˵Ӵôŵһζ
Ҷһۣ漴ӿȥŻţ˵ǰǸ°ھӡ
һ˵ûʵӺ͹һ飡
Ǹ˭֪ǽСᰵﺰһ䣬˵ǿţհûھӹء
Ҳ֪Сںʲô˵ţһתꡱһžʹˡ
ҳǱһʱסˣֻվźЦеĿҡ


125 
һŵǰˣ˵ǹ
ǸʮԴҲ벻ңҲ΢΢Щȣô룬漴ָ˵Цˡ
Ҫ߹ʱͽ䱸ղűڱϵĹһ¾ͳ
æɲסŲɻҲæ˶һѣ˵ȵȵȣ
ɻĿһۣҪ˵ʲôҲʲô״ѾԼˣǺԭһʲô֪Ҳ¶һ˵ˣ緢ʲôԾĵط
æվڶǰ棬ЦǺǵģ˵磬ô⣿
ЦЦ˵С̷жӲˣϵĲûУⲻ쵼ҲæôҲסߣ
ƣ˵쵼ʲô쵼
纩ЦЦ˵С̷ôûþͲʶˡ
һ˵ţһ泯һָ˳ָķȥͿСڿɳϣЦĪǡ
Ҹɻ󣬸뿪һ˵ʲôͱӺһѣҶߵͷһ䣬˵ǰ磿
û˵ֻ΢΢˵ͷ
һָͷָ֣ʾҿ
ҶһȻָϣȻһȦߣͺǰСƵЩһһ׹ʲô飬ʱû磬֪ʲôʱ˸ˣ˵ݣǺǰһ˵ֻǰԼĶǡɵСᰵǰ쵼ƻΪԼϰֻ࣬쵼æѡ
ǰĺãĵʱӿһɻӣƹ磬һ¾ͳȥ
Ҹһ߽ķž͡ԡһˣһ⣬æкæתҪȥšɲôŤŰأžһ㣬Ȼ˿Ʋ
żҪкͻȻһֻڵ֣ԽҵӣҲͬŰϡϸһۣʬ߶ˣʱһ
ԭΪվСᰣתͷһŷС᰻ɳϡһ޲ף浽߷첹ĺۼһѾɺԷڵѪۣģϴμʱȸӺˡ
ʬż
Ҳһߵľ룬ֻϣҳȥСɳϿңһϴһֻ˵Цݣ΢΢һͷͻȻ߿ŵλã˵̷ҲȥզǺúġ
վԭزҶһʬżһ۽ǵⶢСᰡԾЦţƺ֪ûѡԺ󣬾ͻԹԹȥҲûдߴҡ
һĭڿ㶵ţҪҳһĶԭֻ׼ȥԴˣ˶·˵װ֮⣬ʲôû׼
ֻܾʱ䣬ŶǳңоЩƣƴʬżҲûʲô취
Ҷͷ亹һ¾ͳˣʲô°֪߲ƣҲû뵽ô鷳ʬżϴܵϮǣԭȵ
һĭɤӣӳƿһ㣬뿪ʬżԶһЩҲûȥСԱߣֻǺվһǵλãʬżһۣ˿С˵ǡɱģ
һ°ͣתһ㣬Թ飬ɱģֻǾĻѡ
һ⻰һǰһ˾͹ѶԸˣ⻰˼˵ͬӦþ˵Ǹɱ˷ƴʬżˡ
ҽɨһۣȷ˲ŷһЩ
Ҵüôǰɱң
Цһ£תͷң˵ɱ˲ңͬ飬ֻ˵磬ߵʬ壬Ҿ鷳ЩԼߡ
˵ţȻң˵ôվŲ
ҼڻûжҶֵĴ㣬˹ȥھĵϣȻˣоȴձҲֻϣԼܹһЩ˼
Ҹȥ
ЦЦ۾΢һ£˵Ĺ̷Ҳûü˵ʲô
￩һѵ־Ҳйأ
֪Ҹôһ룬漴˵ĹزͬŪСϷѣΪһԸǣҲ㹻ˣ̷ܳ˭ҲûϵϾôˡ
ȻҰְ뿪ʱ˵׷ڿɣǿǵ䣬ҲѲɴСͿʼЩ顣
װһЦĵ׵˵˳
ϵıӣһˮң˵̷лǻˣ֪һЩɣ
ûпƺҲҪҵĻشֻ˵ǰ̷ҺлҾֱлʱΪŵ뿪ԴӼֳһЩǼһ֧ɣڰӺͰˣһ뿪ΪµԵʣҪֹǰй¶ȥֻĨɱˡ
΢΢һ⻰˼ˣǺǰЩ˵ĺᣬ˵ľٶֻҪԽǵı֣ͻᱻЩ˴Ĩɱ
˵˰죬ŵҲ̷ҵˣ
һۣ΢΢һЦ˵ҽ̷ᰣȻͬڣǷʱʵ̫ˣ˵ݶѾ̫ǿ͵ֻͬպˡ
ϸĹ۲ľٶͷβ̬ݣûκβЩѹɻһԵӿ˳ھл棬ʲô
촽תͷң˵ԼҲûȥ֪ʲôҪȤԼȥ
˵ţһתֵˣϴѪ꣬ὫѹסԹ鶼глҲѾǻˣʲôûƫƫһ޳ʱŵҰ۵Ǻ
˵޳ʱӴӣﲻֻֽû뵽˵ʱȻҲǴȫûע⵽м˵ǼȻҪˣȻҲҪл֪Щ˵һһ
վϵıӴ·ŻǸģͺںһһŵĸоûУֵԽɣҴѹָоԽǿң˵Զиʬżվһ˫Ѫ۾һգգĿҡ
˵Ҳ㰡̷ҪǲлˣҲ֪ԼҪǸƴ೤ʱ䣬ҲҺѲͬĵطҲԼ飬Լû׼ʲôʱ̲סˣҲѧְֿʼ⼸꣬Ѿ̫̫ˣǵֺͻǶûһ
Ҷ⻰ΪȻ⻰лҵ˼ûô׷Źҡֻ˵ǵĿļȻҵ㻹ʲôҪ˵ô顣
ҡҡ֣˵𼱣̸Ұᵽǲ֪ģʬżҲֻ˸ڶѡҪѣֻҪɹˣǾ͸߸·ʧˣǲҪʱ
һϷæʲô
һЦ֣ɱǸѣȻ̷лʣµЩˣҲͳͳ͵ȥ


126 Ϯ
仰˵꣬ʱְڳһЦЦĿңȫһϲӡ
ĸоôһ϶ȵҲ˵
ʵаһģûɱˣҲɱˣ㿴žһӵΪҵԭ޹ѾＫޡҲԼ֮ʲôľ
ƿĿ⣬ſһĵ棬˺ܳʱ䡣ƺҲ֪Ӧøʱ俼ǣҲδߴҡ
ڵ̬ԽԽӣȫ󲻳ᷢչʲôӡĵһ˿ΣڿԽңҵĺôƺԽ󣬾ͺǰڼͶһʲôͷҲֻܵŵҵһѪ֮󣬱˶Ҳ飬ұ˵ңͶҲѲˣΪչǾѾûдڵļֵˡ
뵽һȻüȻһɷ籩ڵǣҲһ˻ˮڽøһЩ
̧ͷ̷ᰣݺһͷ˵һ֡
̷᰻ЦЦģգһ۾˵ôʹӦˣҳģûʲôԼҪĿģ
ҼЦһ˵Ȼеġ
ңŶһ˵
û̿ڣɳ£ֵóһЩ˵ҿԺ֣ñ֤ҵİȫ֪ﶼײģѰСǿԼһЩǻƤŮˮǣðţʱƻûЩʣµˣҾѾǸŪˡ
⻰һüͷȻ̾˿˵ƤԸЩ֣ҿɲ˵Լܹշֹ֣㲻ԡ
ҵͷ˵Ǿͳɽˡ
̷ҵߣ΢΢ˣ㻹ʲô֪ģҶԸ㣬֪޲
Ҷ֪޲ĸֱʾǳɣҪģǾܵĶ̽һЩ鱨˵֪ԺѪû˰ɣȻˣΪʲôͬ黹뷽跨ɱҡ
ɳϣ˵ʵһʼ֪Ȼڴ淢ҲЩ˽⡣һԭѪ꣬ѪҲãЩǲܵģһƽ޹ʵĶˣְҲǸֵģΪ˱ұЩˣѪչȥҵһѾûʲôˡһʲôҲˣǶΪѪⶫܹá
һ£ֽ˵ѣͿʼʬżǸбµģŵʱǶûıӻԸ㣬ɾͼ򵥶ˡֻû뵽ǣһϼңͱˡʱǲף費ˣҲûô˳ǼҪɱ㣬ǵ֪ԽԽ࣬ǵ顣
üһʣǵ飿ʲô
ҡҡͷʾԼֻ֪˵ҪȵһʱףȻҪֻ֪ҪеӣлµĹײȥҲס
оûϷˣл棬ھǽǸҲȥ̽ͬʱɻҲһʲôܣе̷ᰶ֪
Ҳּ˵ԭΪΪԺҲܽôû뵽£յϢĨһһҪĻǸȥ
ҲЦһ˵ˣûҵҵĻǡ
˭֪üһתȻҲЦˣ˵͵ʱˣץ㣬ȻһܱյɱˣĻڷȥҲֵ顣
ҵɫʱȥԭΪǸвĵ㣬û뵽ûһô
ҸջһЩ飬ոſڣȻԡһ죬صһ¾ͱҿˡ
ҿ˽ڹײõĲӣͷͷ󺹡Ҵææĸ棬˸ճǿźʬżʱһ£ֿҺ̷ɳ̸ӣһ¡
һ˵̷ⱻţ㻹й졣
Ҳǲң۾תһ£ô£
æվ߹ȥʹ˸ɫʾ˵ǰͬզѹŻһںǽ͡
һ¾׹ֻǽ˽ĲӣӻЩģһ仰Ҳû˵ֻжɵ㶵Ŀһᣬ˵̷㼷üŪ۵ĸʲô۾Ҳ
ҵʱ޲ֱӰĲ˦һֻܿڣб۳ʬżһᣬ˵Һ̷һʽףһǽͣǺһ·ˡ
һ㶣˵ʲô룿
ҳɳϵһָ׹ʱЦˣ˵˽ֵģ
һ˵ԼҲûõȥĻʸЦˡ
תͷ̷һۣ˵ߣûɣ
Ц˵ͷתȥŲһ䣬˵̷ȻӦˣɱʳ԰ȻĻ³Ǻܲҵġ
ҽŲ΢΢һͣûлͷֻ˵һģ˦Ӿͳ˳ȥ
һšءһͺԶһ
ҳһŷԼղűȻ򶨣ĽŵС
æʶǣ˵զ£Ҳûһ¡
һ¾ͱԹ˵Сүˣһȥʹǽ˳Ļй顣磬Ҳ֪ԼԲʲôҺЩִһȰǣ˵ºú˵Ҫܣѱ˵ˣ
ûЦһأ
ңʱûˣ׼綯ˣȻ죬ǰһòˣæקס׼һȰȰǣ󷴶ƭ˼ս˹ڣ
ǰȻ֪翴ĶЩȻǹ˵ĽǶ磬һвϳ飬жǿģֻû뵽ԶԲôһ˵ҵ𶡶ǰݸҵģû׼һ˿һ̨ûĵӻɵֵΪȫڿֽĿֻڲжء
飬ң˵̷Ǹ̷ᰵģô£
ҿһۣû̻شֻװͷӣ¥ϳԺҲŽ淢鶼˵һ顣
ûг쿼һᣬң˵̷ᰵĻŶ٣
˵һһɣȻ֣Ҳܲš
Цһ˵ʬżھû취Ըˡô
ҺٺһЦ˵ѾǺˣҲʱʼϮˡ
ǻûҵ˼ͳ绰ͨ·ңĺ룬绰ܿͨԭȷȥǲ·ңǻƤԷһڣҶʱȷݡ
˵̷˵ҵġ
Ц⣬ȽϿƵ˵


127 
·ңû̻ػҵȴʱ΢΢Щģھͷˣ֪ҵһᣬȻЦһ˵̷ɲƽµķ񰡣ƽǱ֮ô˵Щˡ
һ˵ڱˣܻܲǺǰһ
Ҳ֪⻰ڵ绰ͷЩʲôֵһᣬ˵ãʱң㲻µĻ
æװϲӣã·ңָһַǼҲ֣Ҽû˵ʲô
䶡һֱûг˶Ǻúÿңҹ˵绰˵ã㵽ʱ⣬Ҳָҡ
˵Ҿòʲô飬Һ̸һ𣬵ѾŹһΣпڷŵڶΣҸо̷ûʲôɵĵġ
תͷңһ䣬˵զܰһͷŪȥģ
붼û룬˵־ķĹ˰ɡ
ı΢΢һͣȻЩԸҲû˵ʲôĻֻжţ˵ʲôҲֻǸĹѣʲôһ
ûڷϻֻǳҹɫͳĹضˣεĹػʲôһ׼ͷǿѡĵط̫࣬;ҪʲôֽţҪԤ֪ǵ뷨
ǵĹصʱڳϹ۲һ¸ûˣҲûŷһЩ³ͷ˱ֱŵģֺһ־ļĹȥ
ҷֵһƬǽģϴ뿪ʱûв𣬹ײĸǺһԵĵϣܵڳֻͬڣûʬ塣
Ĺǰ־Ƭһ£ȻȻӣءһƬϣһ½һ£ֱĹϵƬֶŪģˣͣ
ֻվһԿʼûгͣ£ӵײԱȥ
Ҹñȼֱۣһ۾̫ܿû취ֱӷŽײû˼ڿˣ޷֮£ֻܺһ£׼ͷȻʲô£ֻЩҪһˮʲôģҲ͵ˣǻͷио˳Բ
׼ôűԶԶ׿һأͺԼһ
ҲûòϵĽŪǶζһӬ˷ɳܷɸͣ
׼̧ӣһⳡ棬ʱܲˣæܵһ߸ŻȻģҲڱӣҿּܾЩ˵ҲֻΪˡ
ҽźҲҴַӵͶˣ͵һƣ߶ʱһžͷһһ˳ڹײ档ЩͷϵĲӬʱը˹ƵģѹѹܴһƬʱҾ㲻ܸܵǲײϵĴС˵һ¾ŪҶ
ԭΪԼ㲻һʵܲˣ͵һҪ罫ͷȭͷԼҲȵԱЪһЪֱӶѾҵͷͨµûãûͷˡ
˿ײЩͷѻһС𡣻ҪòӰͷŪƽһЩ
֪ҸӣȻ;ЩԣȻҪЩĸо·ȿҪࡣ
üͷѵӵײλãЩ˵ģѪס˲ɡиôһ룬ͽת˹һۣ˭֪һҶʱʹסˡ
ҿһŲҰ׵ͺӵϣɫͷչϵƤȫǰɫһ˫۾гһϸСķ죬סĴҡ
ûסȵĽһԶĶ΢΢һ£̳˹
Ҹֶӣ˭֪׺ȻһֻһѺݺסҵĲӣ֮һ¾˵żѣ뿪öǲҪôŬ
ڶһ֧ɫĴֹ֣סŲǰһоȵĽһ˵޳
һƬհףû˼޳Ϊʲô³֡Ĵڷ·ûʲôһȫ⡣
ҿ󲿷ӣֻܿǸͨˣҪܶԴֻ΢΢ǰսһЩҵľ벻һߣȻſͣ΢΢ѿѰ׵һۣϵıЩЦЦ
ҲǳżŲӣһԾҪӣΨж֪޳Ŀɲʹק嶯
ﾪŲѣ֣һе㷴˼޳СҲ뿪ˣҶԼиʲô³ֻͶܹӵÿ
˭֪޳ôһᣬȻ˻ȥץҵһ¾ɿˣԴ˻صףͷ·һ̶ˮһһһûȥʧҵǰ
Ҿδֻӵײƽƽ档һһ¾͹ڵϣ΢ô룬ȷû·ŷſ죬˹
վߣĳ￴һۣȻңһ̷
ҪӦһ£û뵽ԼȻŵ˵ˡһѣŽҴӵϷ
һ˰죬ŽŵƽŶһһ䣬˵޳ôͻȻˡ
ûлشңòӽǰӲ𿪣һһմȾЩѪ⣬űϸĿ档
ѹޱȣһĭڶǰҲѧӳ׿ȥֻŹļʸó¶һɫĻ棬̹΢΢һܡ
̹һҾͿӵĵװ֮ϣ¶һԲεıǣһŵӡվߣüͷʲô
ҡҡͷŶֻһᣬȻ˵л
Һ춼ûֿ˵Ǻĳ깵ַ֮ͨͨʽٻӰӣȻܹһЩ飬ҪСö࣬ոǸ޳ӦҲֻǸӰѡ
첻⣬ʶ˵˵ûӰӵ
һۣЩûУǾԵģ㿴ʬһְɣһһĵĳҲӰӵġ˵ĲѰӰӣǹӰǹһ֣ûǿȻ޳Բô׷ġû׼ǶˡҪ˵ѪƷ
ɻȻ֪˭һͷЩʬ壬϶Ҳֻлһ֣Ϊֻ޳ôһᡣֲҪҵЩʲôã
Ҹ뷨˵ͼң˵̷㲱ô£


128 ·
Լʲôôһ˵ҶʱҲëˣ˵ȥоƽʱûʲôֻͬղűöЩܶѡ
һҲĵطһۣһֱı飬ǰֻ΢΢Щǵӣֻ֪һᣬͫһ¾ͷŴ¶ŵ顣
żԾڲϲţвסǣ˵Ǳ𲻳ʲô
һᣬſڣ˵̷㲱иӡǣ
֣ΪѵǸղűӡˣǿı飬оҲô򵥡
üͷһᣬ˵̷㲱ӡǣںڵģ̥ǲ࣬״еҵӣҲݲʲô
ҸоӡǴͷҿɥҲ˵û׼͸ϵһŪԼ˲ġ϶Ǹ飬żæⶫʲôӰûС
ɫЩ԰ףɫţͺ֪òøʵһ
һӣЩŭһ˵лֱ˵ıµģھǷʲôҶ֣
һ£ſڶ˵̷㲱ⶫǹ
Ҳż˵ЩģҲ˵ʲôûУ
æͷŶĿӽҿóЩ£֮£ҸҪ֪޳ⶫΣ
˵޳񼶵ĹֲĶǰٹټһʱһͻֱӡȻ󽫴ӡǵɱɡ
֪ΪʲôҺȻ˿оѪûʲôͬڶѾϰˡ
Ƕһҵ֣ý˵̷ⲻһ£ѪôҲֻ½ЩѡһȺʱӣ
оǳϼңٹҹҹҪ࣬ʱЩȻûкǵĿģҲŪùǺοΣɶǳҪҵġ
Ҷʱæסո˵һŻйŻʲôʱ
һᣬ˵Ҳûֶֻ̫̫ѡһǱ˱ĿĲġڳĹȻ˺ܶ࣬϶һȺûӣĩգ
һûףһ˵̷켸ˣ
һ£ŷԼּ򵥵ⶼش𲻳ˡӹȻţǼ¼ŵ鶼Ѿˡ첻ôججģھ˵˳һŷ־ȻѾѮˣҲǣ;סԺǶʱ䣬Ѿ˺ܾá
̧ͷ죬·ϸһӣɫȻһҵĿֱ˵̷ֻʱˡ
һ˵ôģʲôӣ
һ˵һȫĻ˵󣬾ǹڰ
ҶʱĬһֱùʲôģҲֻһа˼˵ѣϴᵽʱ򣬸оޱңԶû뵽ת۾Ѿôʱ䡣
ҾЩԺӲҪ˵ʲôպ޹صĻҶԼƭԼˡ
֪Ĵͳ˵һ죬ŹصĴŻ򿪣һͨͨȥһλؼҵĻᡣ̫̫ûƤҲѡӡ
ҽԺ˵Ļһ飬оԼճһڵĻʱһҲ֪Լӹһˡ
ʶŲϵǳӡǵĵطִҪӡȥԽԽƤⶼѾһץҵ֣קҲſһ˵̷ųӡҪŪǻõŵ
ֻǱĻŪˣһҲҳң۵Щ̣Ҳ֪Լʲôˡ
ҲǳЩ֪ҡ
ҶӣŹײЩͷһУǰһģѾûַθĸоˣ˵Щҵ
ҽײĸ¸ϣղŶһԵĲӣҲ֪ԼôЩ飬һȥһһһ㽫ײ
쿴⸱ƣΪҷһЩҲùӶһһ㽫ײסֻжվһǣü۵ʹһ仰Ҳû˵
ǴŪ˰СʱŽײȫ۳һĪĸоЩʵ
һƨڷضԣҲҵߣ֪ʲôһӶͳ˳־͸ҵˣݸǺɵЦ˵̷磬һûͷˣҲڶܡ
ҽӹ̲ݣһۣ˵迪Цǲʱ
һЦֶһ̸ֻ˵СҲվˣզ룬Ҳѵֲõĵʱ򣬵ƣզǻȥúúһء
ǰһӣƺǲȻĻ˵ôɣҲ֪ڲǿջЦѣ㲻־飬ҵ͹Ƶˡ˵Щһ㡣
֪˵˺ܶ໰ҺͶǿĲ̾һ˿ңֿ˵Сƽʱֹͦ۵զͻȻйˡ
˵ţתͷң˵̷ǸղžҪ𣬲һӡǣƵˡ
Һݺһ̣Ҳ֪ζͣûʱ޳ŭӣû׼浽죬ĲңԶԶֹһϡֹܹ۵ģҲֻˡ
ҽͷڵŪ̧ͷ˿գһС뱲ӣʵһ½µʱҲòҾӱײʼߵȻ٣Ҳû˭ķҡˣлôʱ䣬֪˶ٱ
뵽Ҫ̾һȴȻסˡﻮ˵ĻҲһһ
ܻôͣΪлĹϵһ֮أɷһ̶ȣܵĹֶţȻһЩǿƵĹֻûӰ졣ǶѰ˵ͺһѾ޵еˣû׼˼·죬Ҳҵһ·
һϲæԼ뷨˵˳߶죬˵ȹ죬ͻϼȥһڣȫһЩڰӸһ£Ūɸլãû׼ʱЩûлǵĹ־ͲҽݣҲû취ˡ
ҵĻһᣬ˵ҲǸ취̷鲻һõģҷˮʲôҲ̫ʱ䣬ﲻʲôæ
ҷҲǸ⣬һᣬоͺͨһӼ˵а취㿴ڷŸ׵ƷҲһǲǡ
ЦһЦ˵̷ɶʱôˣУֶܲлͣô˰ɡ
Ȼ˵֪ôֻŪе鷳Ҫ˰æ
һϷæչ˵ʲô
һЦӣ·ңҵľӣ


129 ּ
汻⹫ѪľӣԭǺլһײĴ֮û׼ҾͶһİա
ҵƵƵͷ첻м֮Ҳ˵÷ǳһ¾Ĳ裬·ңļҿϵýĿ϶ò֣ǿܻҪ˼
Ҵ绰С˵Źȥ˾Ӿܡ
Ҿⷽ治ף·ȻֻȥһΣǿ·ңְҲʲôˣҲ϶ЩլĶһȥߣСò뿪ˣ绰ϵҲƽһǷһδ޳飬ʵڲԸ⽫
ҾԼͦԵģͶԼûɶµĻڻ治ʺڸˡ
ֵֻ̣ݺһڣһת⻹Ǵ˻Ƥϡһǰźϵ·ңݣû׼ֵֻ顣ֻҲ֪ԸԸæûס
Ƕԣ͵ҺͻƤϵԺ󣬲оԲߡ
۵ҲǻһˡվϵĳͳװͷһѻˣĻҳҲûʲôۼ
ֱӻ˼ңֻ¥ʱⰲ·̷᰷ʱ򣬶ѹǵ춯
ɳϣǸĹڣ΢΢һ£ȷԼûµӣҲôˣԺûû˴ʱ䣬˳һ顣
Ƕ˵Ȼţ̷᰿ţҪ֣ЩС鷳ЩԣǰѰϵĺ߽⿪𣿱ϾǰҾΪҧϹСϵĺߣЩƵĺڹͣһ¡
˵ûô򵥣߶ˣƻڼֻһ㯵ʱڣһ󣬾ֿסˣⲻ룬ֻʱǲѡ
̲ס̾һ黹Ѱˡ
һҹ֪Ϊʲô˯øãǰֻ̫ۣЩԲߣûôż̬öˣ˾;ˡ
һԼʰһ£Ȼ¿컹˯һģѵ˳ڹڣԭǺͶһܣһʱ벻Ͷȥˡ
Һڿ˿ȶˣֳһ٣ָ˵ҵʱͽһͷĵúܣѾͲˣбһӴڹڣ
û㿪ģһ⻰㵸ıȻӷǳ׵ģǲ˵æȰ˵˵ˣճͱˣȥ·ңʱ򣬻Ҫһȥأ
ݺݵ˵ͷһоֲԣʲô鶼ֻ֪ɻңƺΪʲô·ңٶϵҲֻʼ磬ʵû͡㵸ģҲ֪ˣǼء
òװϣʱ䣬ҲóˡҺҪĳԿףǧİ˵Сģ⳵ɲڻˣҪƲƣͰȥծ
һ˵ҶʱԿ׵ĶǸСģҪ汻ȥһӶ׬⳵Ǯ
Һ͵һ··ң˵ǼҲȥǵһŷȻװ޲ҲֻǸͷСѣ㲻ʲôߵĵطֻ濴һۣ·ң֪ûǮҲΪҿˡ֪ʲôԭ⸴ӣЩ˵ĸо
ҸҪ߽ͱһ£תͷһ·ңЦݵĿңһ׶ɫ·ͷûβȫŪֱڼͷЦ˵һ䣬̷ôѡҵ꣬ɣ
ԭһģľúÿһ뵽տݹǣֽ黳æһҪԶһЩ
·ңһⷴӦʱкһšҲңָߵĵ˵һ䣬㣬ſڣ׼ȥ
һ䣬߽˵С޹ңƺҵ뷨εʼ磬˵Ҳûð˼˵ʲôʲô˭򲻹
û׼ΪʱڳһĬĬתңſһŪҸ
߽·ңһ洰ǰλãһֺۣһƵģʲô°̸ģֲŮѣշǵŪôָ
Ķ棬Ѱ˼Ÿοڣ˭̧֪ͷңȻʣ̷˵ģΧʲôŪʲôá
εЦЦ˳ֳ˳ϵΧҪŪʵһЩȻȵЩܲ˵ģΪ˰ѲϵӡǸסû취Ͼ֪ԽԽãûʲôԸ޳š
ֻװƵģ˵С˵ˣҲ㣬ֻһˡ
Ŷһ֣ûмȥ
Ұ£ԼɻءҲֵͦģڼԤҺ·ңʱӦøֽţոѹֲŶԣڵ״ǾͺʶѾõˣûһûֽٵĸо·ǰŵˣ·ңǸ·ңһ
˲ˣִϣȻ˵ɣʲô£
ұԥŸôڣһʣҶʱ˻ϻһϲĽ
˵ô˵ɣҪǰæһҪ·ңҡǸ·ңլľӣðŪڶһ̷ᰵˣѾ֪иͬ˶뷽跨ҪҵȻ̷ڶãҪҰһҳôǿŰˡ
·ң۾סĵͷ˵ô죿ɱ
ûֻ̫࣬ҲҪɱҵģһô
·ң۾һգգĿңֻǰ΢΢αϣĿͺһҪ̴ҵֱ롣
ұ÷ţæЦһ˵ֻſҸѽô뻹ûء
ֳĬһᣬгһ˵Ҿúÿǰǲ̷
ұ⻰Ūͷԣ˵ֲ㣬ѵðҲɣУ㲻Ҳһ۾ϳ
΢΢ֱӣһƶߵͷĿ˸ţһ˵ԣһ۾ϳǰ̷ǸҷϣǵУôһ˼Ϊ룬ᵽֻŵҶӣȻɵ˵㣬Ǻܿɰûļƣ˭һûѹ
ô˵ţϵЦʧͣ˵һ仰Ҳ֪ʲôζ
ֵǰ̷໹ǺǰһӱˣԼԼµĹֳ顣֪ԼҪʲô˵ͷͷǵͬʱҲں˵ˡͻȻоеʧΪһϲǰ̷Ҫһ㡣
Ҳ˰Σŵǰ̷ˣȻʱ
·ң΢΢ҡҡͷȻսһЩ˵ˣʲôˡ̷֪ô


130 ͯ
·ңֱңı棬Ҫȥ̽ѰҵʹһϵΧ΢΢Ĭһᣬٶݺݵĵ˵ͷ
û̿ڣǳŴЩȺһۣ񽥽ӿͷ
ŸƽģԼĹ
·ңһͨũʲôλãûᣬֻ˵Ψһӡ󣬾Ǻ
ĸĺ磬·ңļǸŮ˵벻Ψһܹסģڼ޿䣬һ
ĸǸƹƽΨһİãǺȾƣ֮⣬ƺûκܹעһڣסڴβСż׺ˣؼһĸ׿ģͶĸȭߣֻܶľ崲쿴ţǿޣҲҷΪ׷֣ԼҲٲóһͷ
ʱĸ̬ȣֻǾ˿Լ񣬸ĮͬСļԵ쳣衣
ȻͺС¿ʼܶʱ򣬾ҪȥҰȥ﹡ϸݡʱؼˣͬᱻһ١ǰӣֻһһհġ
ȻΪƽҲܼԣƺ뽫ЩȾ̫ˡԼһ£ȴо쳣ʹ࣬ôġ
·ңң˵̷ҵʱһֱԼΪʲôЩ飬ͬ˶Ұְ֣˭ҲԸһ棬˭ҲҹǼҵ£Ψһ˵Ļұӻؼҵ·ϳΧЦҾƹҵķѾͷȻְѵŪø֦ȫƷֻܿŰѶպãǻصſڣ̰ɾװһûµӣɻȥˣǻᱻһ١
ã·ңΪܲӣһûϣȥ·ңʱû˯ţֻ棬ŵĸĸһǰһ󣬳˴û߶Զ͵˴ĺӱߡһ˺ܾãᣬͨһȥˡ
ʱǸĺӣ飬־£ֻĸڱĺˮ˼£ͳȥԶ뿪硣
ЩȻ·ңЦһ˵̷ֳ棬ڵȥˣҲһẦµġ赱ʱӵʱѾˡʼղ֪Լʲôҵĺɼ˰죬ȻŽԼ
ҿ밲ο·ң䣬תһ룬ⶼѾ֪ʲôͷˣڵҲ⵱һˡ
·ң˵Ժһֱվںӱ߿ţֵǣȻ£Ȼ־壬ûеһᣬҲû˺ȣֻǿӾҵȥתӣʱ·ؼңװ˯£Ըղŷ飬ֲֻᡣ
ڶһ磬ְҲ裬Ϊĸ׺ͱʲôģʱŭĶץʲôʲô·ңҲͳ˳ͲúܲңûˡޣУȴʼҧأһҲû˵
˵·ңȻЦЦͷȥŴԼĵӰ˵ʱΪԼҪˣ޵ﵽţ£ֱϳܳӡҲҰְ׷ľ²ʱǶ󰡣˼ˣһվԱߣЩ˿ȥˣҪȰ䣬Ҳ֪ҰְǸһ仰Ҳ˵һޣһǣ̬ʲôģҴʱѾˡ
֮죬·ңûгһţ˵̫أڸܴӴ׶Ҳܲʣ·ңԼͺĳһ벻۾
Ȼǵ죬˷ĸ׵ʬ壬ŵšֻ˵ʬںӵηֵģѾݵøˣһʱ䡣
·ңڴϣţûзһ׹Ҳŵò壬ƶʱһ룬Ҵææ˳ȥˡ˺ܳʱ䣬żǣ̧һ߹ײĻطСŲ£û취ֻܷĽֵϣŵλá
һĵһҹűߵСϣббűߣɥˣ·ңһֱ֪ʲôʱ˯ˡڶʱ򣬲ŷְֵһ˫۾ֺףѪ˿ƺ˲ʱ䣬ҲǸʱ·ңŷ֣ԭ׺ݵĸףҲĵʱ
Ĺ̷ǳ򵥣һǱȽ󣬶ƫƧֻ˸صˣշ˴Ļд˰ֽϣ򵥵Ūһǽˡ
˺Ҳ޷ƵģڵʱҲǼС¡ĸ׵˶׷ײ²Щ˵Ϊ׵ĹϵƽʱĸŮǴĸܲˣһʱ벻Ͷ˺ӡ⻹ǱȽϽӽʵ˵
Щ˵ҲһˣҪˣǻȵʱû׼ںӱһʱʧȥֻһͨѡ˴Щҥԣ˵ײˮˣˮǡ裬ͱϵˡ
·ңЩУʼû˵һ仰飬ӡɲ֪ģǲԸĿ̣ĸ׾ôģҲŪס
ǴԺ׶Ĵȴˣʼֻǻججģʲôʲôͺ񿴲ôŮһǲܲˡ·ңҲֵڣֻԼ飬ʲôʱַҽй
֮ͽˣְֺȻӣÿĻǲ̫ۣЦӯӯĴǺ£һ̬ӣ·ңӾ£ÿκ˵սսĵģ仯Щͷԡ
ԭ˵Ϊ·ңԵʣԼƽտĸŮⲻȥЩҲ֡
ǽ·ңȻӿϵ֣ȭͷһʱ䣬ҶĻֻȥ
·ң˵Ƕʱ䣬һֱ޷ϰߣʱȥ׶Ľ䱸ŽϵҲˣÿԵҲǰӣ̹˲֪١
ոжº׵Ľ٣֪Ȼһ죬ͻȻиǼ˵Ӻİ·ңûм˶ﲻҳ׵Ǹ飬óԺúȵдˣӲǰ·ңгȥ˿
·ңݸң˵˿ģͺڿһͷǰתһȦֲ鿴ûʲôë
ʱò
·ңȻЦһ˵̷죬ҰְְҸˣ


131 
ҡһȻޱȡȻղµһЩɴ˵ž⾰̡
·ңʱ׷ʲô飬װʰƽﴩŵ·һһ仰Ҳû˵Ǹ˴
·ң˵ʱΪʲôǺˣԭܼ򵥣ֻΪǸŮĸ֮Աǡ
˵ţ̾˿Ҷ뷨˵ǰĳЩƫԶĵһЩͥŮ˼룬ҲһֱڵġͬһЩ·ңѾǲ˵ģܾŰĸҲЩ˼ҸºӣһǸŮҰˡ
Ҿã·ңĸĸĸǳӰҲУԹҲСΪ·ң˵ĹϵֻΪԱټ·ңְôƦåԸ˾˵Ҳǰ׷ѿ࣬һ뷨±Ҳ׼ˡ
·ңԺ󣬸Ǹߵ·;һ䱧ԹĻûУһҲûЩ֣̽Ե໰ֻǵĻشţɫĮֳһֳͬ˵¹̬Щϲ
һֱһɽҲһӣֻǺ·ңԭĵطȽԵøСҲ
ķɽֻͨмһխʯ·ѡ·ңǸ˼һԣֻĬĬĹ۲һˡǼҵӣԼǰǸҪһЩ䣬ڵʱ·ңУǺǮһ
Ҳֻһڣͱ·ңҪСһЩϱȴҪ곤ʮ꣬һ˫۾бб𣬲סĴԼ˵Ҳ̱ûʲô
һӣѣѧ·ã˵̵Ļ˵ŷǳӣֻҪһż·ң
·ңԭΪԼ㱻ˣҲһ˳⻧˼ֻҪЩصǰæչǼСĶӡֻǲŮ˵ƢȻһҲԼĸ׺ö٣ƽʱ·ңֻҪԼиôҲٲöһ
ӾôһţҲ벻·ңǻһôЩġֻ֪ԽԽĮʱһ춼˵һ仰˵ԽǿӣԽĸһٺܡҲǸµģԼûҲǰŶԸ·ңֵҲ㳣
·ңҲôһ¡
ԭӣоͺһū·ңҡҡͷ˵ʱܳһʱ䣬һ˶׼̤һ磬ԭһӣ̧ͷֻܿķյСӣһֱʱ䡣ȷûܵ˼׼ڴ߶߶·ңŷ֣־ˣΨһһܶ໧˼УһŮͻСҲǹְյ
źΧ˵̽ѰʶԼǱطͯϱˡ
һ£ͯϱ˵ģҲݹ١ͨΪһطƫƧ󣬵ȢϱͽطŮڼΪԼԺŮи׼
˶򣬶ͥĶ⣬·ң֣Լڵһ˼ңҲ֮ͬĸʵ̸ϰ벻ֻС뱲иѡֻԼӳһ죬·ңͬԲ
ΪŽƽʱһܵҲӶࡣʱ˵Ķӣսģ಻Ŀ˵̳һµӣڼһͽ󣬸ЩĿ˵ļƣ·ңֻһ룬軹ûˣС̧žͳĿ˹۵ն²˴
ҲǴǸʱ·ңʶԼԺӣѾûжϣˡ
ҪӣѾĬĬ˼£ȴһŮ˵³òж
ҲǸŮˣͱ·ңҪ꣬ƽԵĿͷ·ң١Ҳôһ죬ҲܲҹҪӳӣɸ˲һ죬ͱץ˻˱ڴڵᲱϣԺĹűӲϳ򡣵ʱͯϱ˼һȥˣ·ңҲ⣬ҲףôǸЩһʾ
۾գҲգֱǸϵŮˣûѪûһõĵطеĲҽȰҹǺˡԭûҪֻﶯûִ磬Ůһûˡ
һŻ˲ˣ·ңôҲŮʱӣ·ϵˣԼһǼ˼ӣҲûʬͻؼȥˡϾЩ˶˵ֻǮŮĹ߶ѡ
ʬһֱڴڣ·ңֻҪһţܹ±紵һһӡһ죬ϰһ̽ͷȥȴʬûˣҲ֪ǱˣǱҰǸˡ֮飬ӰɥʧҪܵ
ֹ˲ã·ңʮ߰꣬Ҳ㲻סҲΪһһƤӭĽ֣
ʱǻ˼ҵĶӣҲʮʮ겻ӣƽ͸ŴЩֺҲûɼҵ˻켣ȻСʲô鶼һǼ˿Ц˵Щ¶ǴɫЦⲻ֪ôת·ңϡ˵ƯԺȡôôľɫܺһҹûҲֵá
ƫƫǶȱһͻͷˣСûзִ磬Ҳδ·ңԼԺϱ⼸˺һֿŸоˡ˵һֵ֡㣬Ů·ĸоȫֶֻѡʹǼƦܽԼӡ
·ңո˯ȻмӰҪڽл;ͱһһ㣬ʱͱ⼸˰Ŵӡ
һ·ɽһƬ·ңһ·ȿЩ˵ģǶҲʱʱ;ˡҲǵ֪ŮȻЩ˴ʲôע⡣
ǽ·ңĨ·ң޺ǶӼʱ˻˦һơû뵽·ңӦҲ죬ֱţԼϣתͷǺݺһҧǶԹֿʱͷ·ңȭ
·ңڵϣ۵ôеСˣ˳ͰԼ˴һѣŽ˷ֿȻЦţʼ˺·ңϵ·
·ңһ㻹Ҫϵһ̾ˡ۾ֻϣԼܹһͷײκԼ⼸ţûС
һˮЩѹԹһӿҧԾ߼˾ֵĽˡ
͵۾ȻǰվһѪܵŮˣƤһץԼǻ˼ҵĶӡһ˫۾Թ֮ɫ


132 
·ң۾ǰѪŮˣô룬к˷عŷ֣ǰˣȻǰڴڱ޴Ůˡϵı·𱻶һʱǸԹŭ顣
Ǽ˱ŵõڵϣҲûˣֽŶţΪ־ѡ
ֻŮһֽץǶӣ̽ͷţǶѾѪɫȫޣɴһ˫۾֪һ룬͵̧һֻ֣ݺݲĿ֮СǶ˼£һѪ˫ն¼£ôˡ
Եļ˾һƵӳŴӵķȥÿһӸǱ
·ңһֱڵϣŵǰһĻŮһ˦Ƕӵʬ͵ڵϣһһ
·ңûһۣеעǰŮϣʱףԭйġѾʱȼһ뷨ȻôۣǲԺ󣬻ɵöࡣ
뵽·ץһϣ㣬۾ûӣҲӣֻŮܹ˽һһ˽Լ
һᣬȴٳٲãȻ۾ǰŮ˾Ȼˣʱһ˿紵ȴ
ԭأ۽ǵһĨ⣬ɨǰʬ壬û˿ģֻһֱĸо·Լǲܡ
һֱ˼Ѿͣˣͺɵһ㣬ģһϸĽŲЩ֦ϣž۶ϵ
۳ԴͷȥҹĻ֮£һŮˣƳԼһϲΪǰŮˡɵ˵òȴʧѡ
Լûӹĳ࣬ͱԼ˶٣ģļΪ£ż򵥵Ĵֲ·ɽԵõࡣһһߵ·ңǰšüͷָĵ·˵ȥСʱӳȥ
·ңָķһۣûжֻջĿ⣬ֿǰŮˡÿЦѣﻹںԼﻹںǲܹӳȥˣԺô
Ůƺ˼΢΢̾һ˵뷨ף׻˵ţȥϣġ
·ңɲŮ˼Ѿģְ̾䣬˵·Ѿָˣ߲ߣȫԼһ仰Ҹ㣬δؾͱɡ
һ䣬תӣԭ·ȥˡֻһ̾ϢȻص
·ң֪Լ˶ãҪʱ򣬲ŷԼ˫ŶѾˡǿƶ˫ȣѵֱӣǰ·ƺڵĿǰʬɨʱȻһӿӼᶨľġ
΢΢һᣬӣĵĳŴӵķȥ
˴ӣɰˣͺ˶˯һɺĻصԼסһ洫
·ңŶ룬ŷ֣ǲԺＷˣ˺Źǰһһ߲ᡣԺˣǰܻļˡ
·ңĪǰˣһʱûӦ׳ʲô顣һ·ңվӣ޺ų˹קͷϳӲǰ·ңڵϣţȭҲûţ˳˸ľžͳ·ңңһݵı顣
·ң˫۷ڣѪһֱûſеףԭǼ˴˻ˣֳ֪ǺãһѰ˼;˵һֻ˵·ңǼȥû뵽ײƣ·ң鼱̧ʯͷһ¾ͳͷ˸ţǱһһ̽ŷѾûкˡæ˻ţһƵ·ңϣһֹԼһʱͿûס·ңջŸȥ
˵ô࣬⼸ҲЩĬŮֲֻᣬҲᡣֻԼϴѳ˲·ңֻ˵Ů⵽Ůı
˭֪˸һˣʱˣ޿ģҪȥǶӣҪ·ңŪң⼸˴·ﻹȥһʱ֧֧ģֲŮ飬֪ôźãżѡ֪ʱ·ңɾͻˡ
һͺ񿴵һﻹ˵飬޲ֱӰѾͷʬΣ˶Ҳ飬ֱ·ңϢҲûͣ֡
⼸һֱĬĬţһۣ˭ûпڰ˵һ仰ֻ·ңӴ˾Ͳ˵һ仰Ҳû˱֪ˡ
·ңʹѣڶѪζ۳ԼͿˣȴЩˣʮ̫ۣڵܹһա֪ԼˣСҲһϯӵ飬߻ʵԶ˭ܹܵõɽ顣
ֻǿǰ˵ָԹޣֻϣԼҲܱЩ۸Լˣһɱ
һ£ǵȻʹˣʲô鶼óʱ·ңҲˣһ˦˹ȥŮ˵ϣǻЩһζ֣ⳤѹĵеĺ⣬һϣһ˿ĸо
Ůû뵽ҷʱ·ңˣֱŭͺһѻֽϵࡣҲûˣתʹӱϵĲƽ￳õĵӣ־Ҫ·ңԴȥ
ʱԭյĴţȻءһҿˡ˶һ£ţǼ˵ľ
·ң۾͸ëϵѪ⿴һֻۣǰǸǸŮվźһģˡ
նʱˣ˵Ŀ⣬ǸŮǰⱩӣһʱҲǰľ󺧵òҶ
·ң֪ͻȻһŮĿ͵һֿŮ˵ļͷֻһУʱ·ңһŵ顣
ܵ˶һĻŴˣ˿޺һҪ֪ſڵŮҲһ̤˽ʱӵ˶ֹţ˭Ҳڶһ¡
ֻ·ңѵĴӵ˵ע£ȻһԵ¯һյžĲһ¶ĸɲ֮ϣͺԼʶһʱȼ
ۿԽԽ˶֪ӱסˣǼӣŮվſڣͺ·һšءһϣ˭߲һ
ǳ𣬾ЩĲҽУеĶ֮һ档
·ңڵϣϣѪչӣܵĿ࣬еĺޣ˻ҽϻЦŵġ


133 Ƥ
·ң˵ϲȻһЦĲ豭˵ƣ̷ЩȽһʱ˹ô
û˵пǧǰΪ˵ңʶģѾǱȽˣлԺлҲ˲ļꡣ·ңһһ쵽Ϊֹÿ춼ڳϵĥӣҲġ
жʱ䣬һֱԼ·ңദĲģֱҪɱСͶ쿪ʼҲС˵ġƪĸ֡ҲǴǸʱʼҲų׽ĵ׸ȥĹ£ȴԾû˿Ļɣ˵̫ҲԸȥɡ
Ҵüһڲ裬кܲζҲ˵漴ԳЦһּ
ҹ˺ܳʱǣӣЩʯṹģݶϣһƬһƬݻƵӲݣһܿͻӵھӵļ
ϣ˼Ҷ˻𣬻ӣĿ޺ǰΨһܹ
ҹӵ˶һһҵţǰȻܶ˶ˣΨһңôʼսŴš˵ĳ£ײһŷһȫСһˣѾ۾ôģҲҲ˿ڣ״쳣ֲ
һңǰڴڽܵͯϱ޴һ
һֱڶſȥæһ۵ùǺֻǽݿһۣϵĺ˵Ųʬ壬ѾյòӣΨ·ңӣѪⶼѾûˣֻʣһڵá˶겻ѣ˭ȥЩʬ壬ֻǷ˴ţŵѡӣٽʬŪһᡣ
·ңһֱڵϣ֪ΪʲôȻϵѪⶼûˣԼȻܹܵһжõ˵ҲõһУֻ㯲ѣ⾿ô¡
ֱҹɫȻһ·ɼԶĵط죬˼
߽ˣĺڶ߻صһ㡣ţһ΢ĽŲһһȻͣⲻˡ
֪⣬ǸŰ壬ȴǵӣȴܿ磬֪ΪΣͻȻôɣѾҹƬܿ
ҡһȻһ˵֣ѣͺվɽһһ
һ䣬·ңͿһ߽ڵʬУһ΢΢Щ͸ӰҡҡλεĴţʧ
ôӶģҡһ壬һ֣ˣ½վһȥˡ
ʱȻ׹վŵģӦþǴ˵˻ǵĹһֻǲԼˣǵúЩͬ·ε̾˿û뵽ȵǹȻûкֻ֣һ뿪ȻֹһϸĽŲ󣬾ǰããĴҲɢˡҲûһ㶯
·ңһȻӿһ󱯰ǷζţԼˣҲսǸĽɫ˵ʱˣ˹Ȼˡ
뵽Щ˸Уֻ΢΢˲ӣһõͷƬķգĬĬţûﶼȥã֮󣬺δſ
ҺȻԼܹʱĸܣͺҴӾΪʱһûй鴦ĸо˵·ȫֻʣԼһˣ¶
Ҳ֪Լ˶ãֻǺҹ¶ˮѾʬǣȻʱݵͻȻˡ
ǱһۣһӰⲽ˽վǰ͵̾ϢһԸԸߣ
ɫſվǰģǰǸΪָ·ŮˡԼĿһ˿Թһ˿ϧǿУʱƺܹͺǰһٸָһǰеĵ·
Ů˴Ӷóһֲʬϵ̳ЩڵĺۼͺӡڹͷһζѾɾˡ
Ҳ֪Լô£ҡҡվǸŮ˵˵ͷҲ֪ԼŮȥηǳţŷǸ޴ŮȴҲվǡϱʼûбһֱǸԹԼȴֻһûѪá
֮ܳһʱ䣬һֱβصŮˣ·ңҲ֣Ů֪Ķ࣬ĵҲһΪƤ軭ΪƤΪ¡ϰƤϹճͬòʱٵˣʱʮ߰ŮʱˣģԼԭʲôӣҲ벻ˡ
·ңʹǸŮˣ˵ʱлĹΪʲôһߡ
Ů˳Զһۣ֮ĸֻ̾˵Թǣ˹֣ջ޳ǲҪġֻЩľѰ꣬ΪʱûôǿҵУûк޻߰ͻŵʱΨһĲͬǶһߴ¶ȵѡ
·ңΪǼ£ڣ޾Ůȴҡҡͷ˵ȻΪ͸йȥϣʵǹԹһֳͷԶҲ㾭Ŀ࣬ҲԶֻԼʾˣΪվѾˡ
·ңҲǺܶԺףһһŵƤ£ܿģֻһڵĿݹǡģֻԼǰһĻĻ
Ĺ£һѹֵ˼㣬ǧѹУɲ֪Լ˵ʲôʲô
ҳĬһᣬ˵˵ǸŮˣ԰ɡ
գգ۾ͷȥ˼룬ص˵ͷ裬ʱǸ⹫ȥִɽɽֶȥˣֻû뵽ЩѡֻǿǱڴڵʬ壬һʹŮˡʱ򱻵ŵĹ˵ӣǵҲǼͺĵһӼͷųԸ׽㡣
һͷһۣվſţ۰Ͱ͵ĿҺ·ң
֪ΪʲôһǴһ˲ɨȥ٣ƽʱͶֵӣҲҼʶֽΪһ档
תͷ·ңҲŵ񣬳Ĭһᣬʲôʱʼıģ
ңȻһЦ˵̷һֱûбҾһ̿ʼоѾһĲֵˡ
üͷ˵Щ๼벻׵ǣΪʲôܶЩԩ޳Ҳµ֣СͶߡл
Цһң˵̷ʲôף֪лΪҶģ֪֪ʱôģ


134 
Ȼл֪һҲֻἰݶѡ룬Ҹף̷ڣǶ֮еһԱǵ飬Ӧò࣬лһŮˣǲǸԸһӶлҲ֪ҲԼԵĿ
·ң˵лҲԼҪִܳܲ
뿪ѯʣ˭֪ʱ򣬶ֻɻüͷһֹĸоʶľòǺ顣
ҿ˿磬һİĺ룬·ңһۣҲųɵĽ
绰ͷЩң״εġһʱûӦ˵˭ϸϸһᣬʶоЩЦ뵽˭˭һ
ֻô룬Ц绰ͷĻǳӣ֪ʲôˣжһһ䣬˵߰ģʲôҲ
æ˵һ𼱣˵
ôһ룬Ȼһ磬ӱˣˣ
⻰һ㣬ҡšһվһ绰͵˵ϣžһ¾ͺˡ
·ңҷӦ֣ʱüͷңʳʲô顣
û̻ش﷭ţҲоԭ㿿ٹţû뵽Ȼˣ
һæϵֻҪ׾ʲô飬ǵ绰ոձôһˤҲ֪ײʲôطôǺ޷Ӧ
Խ·ңһѣһ飬˵׳ʲô顣
Ұѵ绰ͷ˭֪·ңӦȴΪƽ˵ֻЩãסй֣˾ͻˣûʲô˵ġ
ҿ϶ԼɫѿȵĴ˵㲻ףҪǸԲܳġ
·ңüһΪʲô
Ҳ֪ôش޷ֽϵΧ΢΢һ㣬·ңҲһۣɫͽȻ䣬Ҳһ¾վ˵̷Ϲˣ
ҳĬĵ˵ͷһŷڶ̫˶˹·ңһۣͻȻҵ֣˵ǻط˵
һ䣬קҾͳߣſڣһ䣬ǡ
Ҳ֪ȥʲôطֱߵһƫƧû˵ټֻһյƵ·ƣһǣͣ½Ų
·ңվǰңв֪ЩʲôһᣬȻһԴתͷң˵Ҫʲôˣ̫ˣʱȺΪһֿܵ˵ģ
ҡҡͷ˵֪ⷽգԲҪȥŪ澵ӣһһᡣ
·ңЦһ˵̷Ǳ߾ﻹо飬ȻܰһᣬʱһɿⲻˣҲҪԸأǵأˣģš
˵ҾҲЩǿһٱ
Ȼ̾һĬ˵ú룬٣Ծ˲Ҫϣôʱж֪飿
⻰ĴѾôˣûٻôؼʱͻȻ飬϶ʱ֪ˣֻ֪ܵж죬Ȼǲỳɵġܹˣ뵽ģҲ̷ֻᰵǸͬ̷ܹҵڵĵطͬδؾʲô֪
Ҳ˲ͷĺˮ·ң˵ھֻһˣҪӦңһعȥҪʲôҶǣ
·ңһᣬȻĿбӵң˵ģҽǸ̷ᰵˣ
˵㲻ϽҲܹ׽ˡǰҼһһ˳Ѻͬıҳ˵ҾºѲ˸ϵ
·ңͷ˵ã⻮㣬ģֻҪз紵ݶҶ㡣
һǽ̷᰺·ңǱ˴עŶԷľٶҾòŵǻʱʲôҷĵڴӦǵ飬ҲõȵҶȹΣԺٿˡ
ҼѾ׵·ң㳶䣬ת׼뿪Ǹ߳ȥһֱ·ңסˣ˵̷ڲ׼լȥɣ
תͷɫƽʲô˼ֻǵͷûг
һ䣬һĶ˵㲻׼ȥһ٣ɵ궼ӳ˭Ҳ֪ʲôôóȻܹȥ
һعͷյӣģֻסլСİΣҲ˲·ң˵֪٣ҲΪԼ˲ǣϾˣͬԺ󣬲סլ֮ڡ
εģ
ֻ˵飬ûʱ俼ЩһȥģҪѪ꣬ǾͿܲһˣ
һһ䣬Ҳش𣬳ŵһۣܡֻ·ңû׷뿪ͬʱ˿ԾվԭأԶԶĵƹҿı飬ֻ⾰įѡ
Һ͵һ·ܻزͣڸĳˣһ£ϣλȥֻĳӡһţһ¾ͳ˳ȥֻԽϵԼãղŵ绰ǳȣᦣһ٣вġӦøշáû׼λȥ֡
֪Ҳųһ£ʹקҪıҵǰе·ﱾżͻˣ˵
ָָԼȻһܳıҶʱһ˵Լûûץģһƣ׹ҰѶ
һů֪Լһ˸ϻȥΣգϣҴ϶һ𡣵ǰ·ң˵ϼǱߣ֪жΣգ϶ǣû׼˶æẦǳ⡣ǲԸġ
ֻһӣͷһůǰһֱǹҲûϣ룬ҲӦøȥֱֻ˵Ҳ϶Ӧ
·ͣ³ӣװһӦӣ˵Ұѳͣţȥ϶ǸϿ
ԭ仰˵÷ǳ׾ӣû뵽û˼ԸҶǣٺһЦ˵ͷһ£ʹǰʧˡ
ڳһӣ·ĳˣ̾һһȣٶȳ˳ȥ׷ҵģǾԸҲҪȵϲг;İ೵ϳôʱ䣬ǵʱ򣬹鶼Ѿˡ


135 Ⱥ
һ·һСʱӿٶȣһΪڵԵʣļҲҿ̫죬ҹ̫һ˿˯ˣʱҪԼ´ӣԼ˯š
ҵʱ򣬲Ѿ賿ĵˣس⣬ų￴һۣŨƣ¹ⶼڵסˡо۵ףȴǺѹѹһƬһƹⶼûУȫͣļһֲּǿ˼֣ʱ˯ȫˣ񾭽ţͻȻʲô顣
ҽ˳ǣŵҪֵǲɸо䣬һ²ӡ
һ·Сģͷ亹ð˳ҹЩͬѰҲΪͣԵʣƽҹҲܻһϹҵҹèӣһŸ·ĳ
һ·ȴһӰûмҵĸоͺԼһһ㣬ո⺧ˡ
ҿԶƣǰĵ·յǰеһУж
ɵƽϳǵĽֵ߲ԶȻǰĵ·ϣҰɫӰĿĵĳǰţǰһŲĵģ·ʱһ״̬һһǰš
ҼæɲãҺϢ˰ҲҼǰ۾ֱĿǣת÷ɿ죬ȴ벻һ취
Ѱ˼һ·ԣ¶ǰǼӰȻͲˣҵɴ۾ǰô룬ЩӰټ
ҳһΪֹ·꣬ûϡ˭֪ҼţӴһȴôҲ޺޵һ֪³һ£תͷȻԭŵĸλϣͻȻһˡ
Ǹ͵ͷɫ࣬ӾͺλһƸֱͻȻˢһ»عͷŵ͵һƣͷײڳϣ۵̲סһ
סʹͷ۽һбŷֳһλϣ֪ʲôʱʼȻ˹ӰǰڽֵϿĻҪ࣬ͷһһɫĿһЩԴӺҿԽԽ
ҾֲѣѾ۾һֱǣƿֺڱ󲻶ţһյǰʮֵľ룬žһ죬ڱһŶʱˡҽһţ漴һײŴӳﵹȥ
һ¿ˤҲᣬͺֱײڵϣ֪˶ٿӡҲ˲ô̴࣬ӵҲܳĹӰҿһֱۣӳլķȥ
ûһᣬҸҪܳ⳵ķΧȻһЦһһϻصҽŲһͣãȻĳȥûʲôŹֵĶ
ЦȻһԲĶӽֵĺڰ˳һײҵϡ
ҵͷһǸϵƤ򣬸벻ͼǵƹĽϣվһİСŮҿӣֻܽһ϶һ˫СɵĲЬЩ࣬һɫȹӣҹĿ
ĵһæһĭǰⲻ˲ѾͷĽֵǹӰһ¾Ͱҵȥ·סˣ
ЦڶѾͷȻ˵һ䣬ҵң
˽űߵƤһۣѹֵܣӣƤǰϵʸУҸҪѾͷȥĸоʱˣ
סģͺ˿ߣͷһ⵹һƤȻ˵ԴһֲͷץԴͷƤһûס΢΢һͷʹȥͨһڵϣǰ
ۼҷ֣ڰСŮһͻȻŲӾͳ˹
ʶæ˺ֵ̫խû߼һ˼ҵŰ֮ϡ
ѾͷܵýˣſСȻûԴ⿩ܵǰվŵλãһ½ϵͷתӣһһ˹
ŷͷҲһСŮճŲٳƤҰףһһġ۾˿ڵ˲ٵģСŮͻȻһǰЦһ˵һɡ
һ⻰ˣȻﻹǺ£оСҲֵúܣȫһжֻϴʱһ·ƽ̹һֱ˵̫ɾˣһ٣ʲôֵֹĶðˡ
ǰѾͷûӦʱŭˣеͷʱһУΣæס䣬תͳǰܣҲû׷ҸоҲѡҸܳʱ;ˣҿԶͨҼլ·ϣǶ߶Ӱͺۻһҡҡλεģܵĵ·ɢҶǰǰ浽жٹꡣ
ҽŲһ¾ˣʱȵףֳ棬ȻûеٹҹһҪϿɲΪĹֲ֣˵λ꣬⸽˸ͱʳˡ
УҲЩصԹ飬ͺոǸСŮһ״˵ûһΣգҶǲŵġ
Ҳҹȥֻ쳤ӣǰլȥǱߺѹѹģЩܶӰ⣬κζû취ֻܳǰѿڴ󺰣С֡һеĹֶһ£漴ӣȻҹˣ
ҵԼ⣬ţǽСǵ֣ҲΨһİ취ǵһᣬܾۼĹӰԽԽ֮⣬ûеõǵĻӦ
ｹѣȥǲˡֻܳõķȥǣСٵʱѾˡ
ôοԼĹɢһЩڻһͷǰСŮȻЦվһ·ĽֵϣҲǹӰǲ֪ģȻһ¾ͽ·ȫһܵķ϶ûС
ҶʱˣԼһȺΧм䣬ƻõȵڵʱҾȹˡ
ǰӣûǹֱһȺ˰Χĸܣ˵ǹˡڲŷֱ֣ΧмĸожôҺܣҲһͨ·ЩӰԽԽΧһԲΣҲ֪ԼΪ»ԵʣֽŲ϶š
ƺѾ˺ڣҲ˱ıԵ׼Ҫ壬ƴһֿܹȭ򵹵Ĺ
Ҹո붯һɳɳͷֻЩ죬Ҫ̧ͷһۣͻȻžһ£֪ʲôӽֱûй·ϵһҵϡ
ʶҪ㿪ҿϵĶȻһ£һڴߣƬĦҵƤӲЩˡ
һ˫ɫ۾һۣŲţԴܵĹ곤ͣһʾԵ˻
ŵߵķӦӺȻһ飬Ȼһ


136 
ҵĺߵԴ͵ת˹ɫ۾ĿԣʹţӸұ﷢ë㶯һҵϣоأҲֱֻͦӣԼȥ
ʮֻߵľ״ֻ̬֪ӦǶǰҽģ޳һγʱеһ֡
ǶʶһЩߵʶһЩҾò׼ˣֻţٶ
ܵĹӰڲϾ£ýˣ߾ͺевһˢתͷȥз˻˻вһ㡣ֹǰ
ҿҲû˺ҵ˼̽Եĳլķһָ˵ҪȥǸط
תͷңŲ£ǰûжŪҺɻ󣬲֪ҵ˼ûС
ۿǰ취ֻŲŲӣݺݱһլǱ߿һۣ׼ȾͳǱ߳ȥǴЩӰ֮ڣײһ·
뵽Ҹɴ׼·۾ûһɣݺһҧͳȺ˳ȥ
ֻ죬һһķ䣬֪һ·Ӷд͸Ȼо죬ЩˣһܵĻᡣ
иôһ룬ʱ͡ءһ¡Ҳ֪ԼײʲôˣоģΪԵԵʣֱӳһӲڵϡ
߷·˴̼ˢһսӣյѪӿϷȣЩʹæ۾Ҳû˵ϹߣֻǳǰһۣҪŪײϵʲô
֪һҲһ£ҴûֶڳʲôӵĹҶѾˡ
ҵһм䣬ǰǣȷһ󹷣ܴܴ󣬳Դȫɫʱһͣ㹻ȥһֽͷȮҲǺҵġ
Դ߸߰ݷǳͣǿˮֱзֶҧ֮ǰȮֻ۾תţеעҵϡ
ͷһ˼ҪǱⶫҧһڣҲҲзˣӻûתмǸͷҺһ֮󣬺˲ѣֻöĤۣܵ궼ŻߣʱóһϮյͷȮóһͨ·
ҴæĴӵת÷ɿ죬ɾ벻ʲô취ʱ򣬿ѣҾͿ϶Ƕ֣Ҫҧ֪˭ҧ˭أ
֪߾ͺ̼ܵһɿҵӣ䵽֮ϣҺͷȮм䣬߸߰ԴһҪļơֻ壬ҲͱҴһ㣬ͷȮȽǻˮʵĲࡣ
Ҳû¶µɫжĵģû׼Ӧÿ죬ͷȮԸ
Լһֱﲻǰ취ۿѾլ֮ǰˣֻô룬ܸϵſڡ
Ұӣܵƣ׼һȥǸһͷȮͷˣһ´ƾҪҧңҲǳصģͣһŤͻͷȮǰͷȮƲ΢΢һӣĹȻûҪңȴǾ޴һײ˶ʱɳȥ͵ǽϣ۵Ҵ
Ҽѵӵ𣬿ڵһȻһӲĶһƣҵ£Ȼһͭ壬ǡõҵһ
һϲϳСл壬һ˲䣬ʱתֱ£лǲζСʲô⣿
ڵݲҶʲôֻлСĶлƺֲͬãһСǰնֵʱһ죬ֱӰҵײɳȥ޳ܵĹ궼ۼȥ
ҵԼʹ÷ԣҡԺЧʵ䷴ŬĻһСҡơһץҡһ¡
ԭǻǲҲãӯһ죬ҵĸоͺƾһ磬һ£ͷȮߣͬʱɳȥһξ룬ӲһԵĽֵϡ
һЧʱվֱӣвҡЩһ𣬶ʱͬˮһ㣬׷׵˶ȥͷȮ໽лţҿ
ҿһߣûгɣתͷŽֵĺڰֻ߮ȥһᣬʧҵ֮С
һҡһǽլȥȵſڣһҲʱҺȻﴫһ
Ҵûİ࣬лһ˿ͷĸо
ֻ˳溰һ䣬˵Ǻ£˷꣡
Ҳһ£ɻѣæŷ￴ֻƺǹĹЩʲô
ǸչãͻȻһǳǳĽŲŷ˹һ˿ȻϾʹ֨ѽһһ¾ͱˡ
ǿŵˣһǳɫ·ҿӣʱסˡ̽ͷҵӣ΢΢ЩȣС
һۿʪˣЩһ䣬˵үү
ˣȥүүϼǰûԼڿһʱ־ϲζ
үүǰģعͬҲп̽ͷĽֵϿһۣͻȻһѣһ½Ͻڣšءһȥ
ҽԺﵽˮѾˣҲѾճɷ棬ǰĻƷǳĴ˲ˮŽⳡ
ЩֵǣﾹȻմˣӦǹ
һվԺһǣϴʱ£ӶЩˡŮͺǲͬ
ɻţȻǰ˵Ǹ˳ȥŷ˵ˣվǰֱڱϸһƣȻűӣϵ·Ҳ峯ĿʽҲ֪˶ãĲ֦̾
ûлͷֻ΢ɻһ䣬˵ķʽ׻׻ԲԵģλСѣǺˣ
ԭվүүһڣүүתһѣǰȥ
ҲֻðүүҪ˵ԡ
΢΢ͷһۣſӣüëƽֱͦƵһʹԼʮҡҪΪⷢǸưͷû׼ִǸ˧硣
һۣȻһ䣬˵СӣǺ䣿
ܲ˵һһ䣬˵ҽ̷
ᡰŶһ˵̷ߣҲҲ֪ǲǵ֡ҲգҲ̸Щȿͷɡ
һ⻰ʱˣֱ˵ӷù˰ɣһ˸ͷĹ֡Ҳ֪ʲôë
˭֪һͷȥһۣүүʲôҲûУֻǲסĴߴҿ¡֣ӲվԭûжүүҼѹһ£⺢ôô££˱ڣ


137 
һ⻰ûסЦˣ˵үүİɣԼҲȥˣʲô˱ڣ˶ûôֱӵġ
үүɫһ¾ͱˣʱŭҪһҲëˣǰСʱүүһҲͺ²ҵƤˡ
ǹưͷ˳̾һҡͷ˰ˣնѽҲ̷ǰȻҲʲô˼ңʮ˿ڣеģûˣȻֻʣôһ磬ҲѹһЩ̣Ҳеġ
·뷴䣬һүүӲѻȥ
˱ңһ˫´һ˵Сõһŷ磬֪ɻ
ûùŷԼأʱĺܡүүæϹģЦϣͷʱǰˣߣý̫磬⺢ͻС
˱΢΢һ㶣̧ӵЩ˵ķ緶үүָ˵ͣҲѶʮ࣬ĻСʱ򣬶ӶѾһˡ˵ЩĴ£вϵĵѹ̷ҽǣ
˵꣬¶ŭɫһ˦ӣǼһүүϲӲӵЩȥЩӰһӣ׷˳ƺոԵıվһţǾϹߵ׵ģһвϵ˵ţϢŭʲôġ
Һúÿ˿ЩӰӣзδ磬йŴװ϶ЩʷҲôУ˾ʱҲ˵ֻǿЩģүүһˣ֪ôֻܿű˵ĶȻѧǺЦ
˱һ̾Ϣҡֵ˰ˣͳͳȥҺ⡭ıҲ㲻Ӻúġ
Ȼ֪ⲻˣڶУô졣Ҳ㲻ô˵Һ֮ĳƺϵ˲ôʡ
ڹǷֳǣֻүүЦǺǵģ󣬶԰˱˵ȸ̷䣬ֳײϡ
˱ᡰšһûлشֻתӣֽĿĿ֦ϡ
үүһԣһۣӯӯǲϵͷһ£˵Сүүôû㣬㳤ôˡ
ҲЩ飬ȻԾ񳤾δһͷһᣬе͵ͽһ
οĵ˵ͷңأ
ʱҰ飬˵һ¡үүһ̾۽ǵˣˮ˳Ƶ£ûڵϣʧˡ΢΢Щ꣬Ҳ֪Լǰ￴˵ûģΪǵĶ磬ڿ⻰ȷʵЩ
үүпһ£ֻ˵Сû£Ǹöϱû׼ҲܹĿˡ
һǷǳϰֻһ˵Щ߸ĸоһʲôĿôӲ硣ǰһֱΪ˵Щź룬û׼˵˵öࡣ
ԺĹӰһۣǰһ뻹һ𣬺һͻȻʧˡæүүô¡үү˵Ƕ̷ϵˣȫͶ֮УǿˣĻҲͶˣھʹ۾ɡ
΢΢һԺɾǹˣ֪ҪǷһ£᲻լϵҡҪȺڴӦû׼һСһʣӾǰҲסˡ
үү˲ᣬһѣ˵ȥϵȼˡǹˣ⼸ˣǵģǰǲæſͷæ˰СʱҪǹĻ廹ЩԲ˵Ҫиִ磬Ͼզǵڣʲôʹʲôǧ˹ء
Ҿȵһһ㶣İСʱͷöųô룬ﻹһٸԸֻүүһԸ˹ȥ
˱ڸֶǶοʱ˵˻ʫ䣬ʱҡͷվһﲻֻ˵治ģѹҲװƬġ
΢΢һᣬ˱ڲתͷң˵̷ǰҲסֲ֮°ɣ
룬ֻǻеģͺСʱȥûץȵ޵ذߣҲ㱻̵¡ֻ룬ⶼ㲻ʲôõļ䣬ҡҡͷ˵
ʵҲûҵ˼˵һ䣬ֻΪ˽иܹȥҡҡͷ˵㶨ǲ̷֪Һ䷱ʢµġ
һ࣬ʱ׹Ϊʲôվ̾ˣǰ˵ֶʼԼ˵ʬ壬ȻΪִ̫ǿԭԲѿô˵ŵģȻĸ˵ʬ壿
˱ϧ֮ɫĵң뵱꣬ڴͻơʫεȳ죬һУѾ˷ˡ
һǱһʵڲ֪˵ʲôãܾ˵ֵˣҸһԪġ
΢΢һЦתһۣȻ˵̷Ѫϡ
ҵͷ죬׹·˳ϱΪϲԭΪٶȼѪĹϵû뵽ȴҵ·˵ѣ˵װǿⷽ㣬֪ĸװһˣװ磿
Ȼָ·ӡŵĺ౦˵Ǹʱ·Ҳвͼûֹġ
ߣֻ⻰⳶ھ;ЩԽƬʲôĳ˰ɣȫһ棬ҪܴԽعŴȥûǱƷǺõˡ
ҰѪӲϳ˵˱ڣҪѪɣ
΢΢һЦŽ·ת˵Ѫ飬ֽһտʼ;ԶסˣҲ֪֮ͬ٣ʱˣǴ𲻳ġ⵹Ҵˡ
ҶЩ죬ѹҰְֽʱƺҲⶫЩ˵ģԭԼ֪Ҳûж١
æ˵ôΪʲô
ıȻ£ͻȻһʫһҲûֻ˵˻ɡ
ֽӹѪ꣬ɫ߮һ̾һ˵ֻѪǲ֮ѵڶػɼΪ֪˶٣ҵҲδ⡣ֻ뽫ⶫܽȴ룬Ѫ꾹ˮ֣ʵ޷֮ǰֻǽ˽ˣֻ񣬼ҵ㣬Ҵˡ
ϸһ⻰ҲͺҸһҪ˽Ѫ飬ޣû취һ飬û׼ֻѪǴұʲôú˼һˣΪܳ󻼡
һֲԣҪǹл˵飬ô֪ģ˱˵ӣҲ˵ѣû׼м仹ʲôʡ


138 Ԯ
ҽĵ׵˵ȴĻش𣬿ڳĬһᣬͻȻܿ⣬˵춯Ȼ۵ĸо֪ǲҲѧһı£Ȼͬܵ
ҿӣƺҵ⣬ҲôϾ֮󣬻Ǿͱ֮УЩ鲻˽Ҳпԭ
룬ղż񵽵˳֪һ΢΢Щȣֻǿţȴֽӹȥ˵ǹ޳֮ôҲУ
Ҳ֪ôͣղһݣһȺŪĪѣһʱС飬æ˵ղǴʱûпˣ
ƫͷһᣬ˵ƺеģȻֻǴҴһۣ˿ӣҲǶЩµˣһĹֶȺʱǹʱˣٶ֮죬֮̾
˵ǸֱǹˣôСŹӦûʲô⣬ֻߵ̫æлҲûз֡
ڵ绰ˤˣҲû취ϵǣ֪뿪Ժ󣬻᲻ȥǡ
˱ڳһᣬ̧ͷգɫȻԥֻ˵Ѫ֮£պ뵽һһɫѾ˵ʱҪģ
΢΢üͷֵʣ˵ǣ˭
лһĨɻ֮ɫң˵мȻл壬Ĳ֪ȺۼһطʱˣƱػὫ޳лѹ
ˡһͷϵ亹һ¾ðˡվԭؾȲѣ³һ仰˵ô޳
ҲʲôʱʼֻҪ޳ͻ᲻ԾĿ־ҶһֱЩ벻׵ĵط޳Ȼ߶Ϊʲôܴл³ֱҪҵҪһͷŪô鷳顣һ⻰׹ˣ˱˵ǡǡ˼ǣ޳֪һһȺҲǿܵģоѺģбл֮µģҲе·ңϹģж٣˭Ҳ֪
˱ϸҵı飬Ȼ˵㷴Ӧˡл壬㲻֪ںδ֮һðˡ
ﻹ˼˵Щϻֱӳүүһ˵Ҫ̾ߣˣ
үүûʲô飬˱ھͷЦˣ˵Сͨͨû뵽ôĵҲ㾹޳鷳ˣ
үүɫһ䣬ʱܵǰңϾֲѣܸоǱЩƺ޳ҲĪĿ־š˵޳ǲõģԺҪ취ƽϢ޳ķŭһңһ潫ҳƣ˼Ϊ
ұ໰˵ֻҲûˡǰ˱ûûεЦһ˵СĪͬȥ̷Ψһĺˣܷܲ㲻ܡ
һ䣬קҵ죬ͳȥһͷүүһۣԭأ۽ᣬȴʼûиǵӡҽĳһ˵үүϰ
֪˫ǵ۾һۣ˸е˵һ䣬СԺúƴͱˡ
˵꣬̾һתȥٿǡ
û⻰˼Ҳ֪ΪʲôԸ뿪ŬţҪתȥһߣ˱ھҵ··ƷһôҲѲ
ҵһۣȴЦһ˵СӵҲЩТġ㲻ͽͶһˣⶰӣΪ˼찮һշҲҵʱѪĵط˵֮ʱ˲ʦоģʩ̷֣֮˴⣬˭߲Ǽӡ
ҾȵŴ죬ŵǰһֱ֪ЩͬѰͺұԺκζܴﴩ͸ΩһҪŽȥһֻû뵽м侹Ȼô¡
Ǹ߳ӣʹŽյһ죬һţͷ·硣
Ҳңһֱֹ﷢
ŽֵͷĹӰǺǰһ飬ûмٵļֻܽĿͶ˱ڣʲô취
۾ЦһЦ˵̷л壬ȻлûʲôЧǲҪˣһʱﷳ꣬һ㡣
ҿЦһЦ滢Ȼ˵ãҾͽúڰôȥ
Ǻڰһۣ̾һ䣬˵Ⱥ֮ڣȻΪ꣬û֮мбµԹǣԸǿɲסһƣ֪
ƣ˵лֱ˵ˣ
Цеңǻûʱ䵢飬ҿ˵ܣզǾͳȥ
Ҹˣ˵ʲô취һ˼ϹǺʱ뷨һҲɾǳף֪һûӦͼһ֣иߺһ䣬ܣ
һ䣬˱ڶʱѾ˳ȥһȵǰ̡һξ룬ŷûиתͷһ˵Сô޶ۣҷŲѽ֮ˣʲôʲӣ
˳ȥﶼˣҺôһ˰ľôҵģû㻹һӣ
һţǽŲͣܵٶ̫ˣƴȫҲû취ĽŲǰ治ϴߴ٣бԹŸĸ̫̫ݣܸĻ
һ·ϣҲ֪Լ˶ӣһһķ䣬ѾڲЩȻӦȽЩֻҪһߣ˷ܼһ˹ģҵ壬ֻͽ͵һһ·ţЩ£ûжӰ졣
ɫҰĵطҲʣܵĹֲû˼٣ֻϱȽ鷳˶꣬ҪȫһЩ
ǸûǰȻˮһ㣬һɢˣһûŪô£Ϳǰ˱ͣǰǵͷȮҲ֪ܳģһ´ߴ˹ȥһɷ磬㽫Ʒڵء
æ˵ʲôˣ
һ˵йɼֲϢǹˡ
һΪ޳ˣ˼룬ͿųӣͻȻڵķ˹һǳŵˣҶʱϲԽ
·ңȻˣ
ʱǾ俴ܲһĻҲûа˵
·ңңˢһͣסӣͷ֣˵̷
æӳ˹ȥڻҳһ˵Լˣ
ƺһ䣬Ÿ˳
·ңûгɣͷһ³Զȥ
һ˵лĻ֪һڻؾˡֻ҆ˣ޳ˣ
һ⻰ʱоһתͷȥһֻۣʢĵ峿ȻһĴӲԶȻ£һһϮķݽֵû


139 
ԽԽ󣬿Уͷһӿһ½ֵϵУת֮䣬լӣѾˡ
ｹæ˱ڣ˵үүǲ°ɡ
ںŵλãסĴ⳵ڵĿռ䣬ȫûҵĻڶУһ飬Żع˵к£Ǽ߲ӣ޳Ҳţղ߻ǣҲͰˡ
һ䣬Цһѣ˵ӵǹŹ֣óܳǰΣЩǰ˵Ĺ֣Īȷʵһ࣬Ҵǰȴûм
֪ǰ⳵Ӻ͹ˣйЩģĵвס̾
ҼͷŨһоɲˣȻѾǳ󲻵һ׵ĵطͺ׷һ
ܹЩе궼ŨȥҲ֪޳ǲǾŨ֮Уǰľһ׼ûʲô¡û׼ֳͨŻȪ·
·ңȫǰˣʱ仹磬ɫȻ΢΢·˻ǳ١һ·ǰţΣҲСһЩ
ɲٶμӿ죬İʼս׷ᣬôһṦǳһ붼֮СһֱźĶۿвסĴߴ
·ңҲǳż۾Ѿˣƶ˲ϣһţǰ塣
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һ˾ǴһĻĿھͺذ״һʹ溦ˣҲǵĴһΪ˻ꡣ
·ңҵ˼Ȼûлͷᶨ˵̷𼱣޳ѣסŵ˲£㿴ԼûΪĹϵʱʲô쳣
ԼȷʵûоʲôԾĵطҸ˿ǰ˱һֲҰ׵ϣͻȻ¶֮ɫ˵ͣ£˻ȥϷ
Ҽƨſںϣεųİҿӣɻѣֿ˿·ңʲô鰡
·ң˵лƻˣ̷üһֵİ׳գ
εЦһ֪ôش·ң⻰ɴͲˡܲ˵ֻڣڻôһаɡ
ҿ˱һź󴰣һ̾ѣǳˣæƹȥ˭֪ңǰ·ң˵үƣļҵϷӣǰΪβмңǰ϶Ҳˡ
ҷ˸ۣ·ңҲʱŭˣˢһͣסӣתŰ˱ԴϾһƣһ䣬үã
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ҲЩΣڵӣҼҾǮܵøɸɾŹ֡Ҳ·ң˵ͲֻһųѾûסˡ
ŵϿһۣ·涼Ѿͬԭˣ·ûоͷŪϰµġ
·ңƵĿһۣ˵̷ԣѾûˣһֱ׷ǣӲȥ
ҸղžѾ·ԼʶһȻ˺Ƿֺģһ棬ͺ޳ĵһǶʱӴ̶·ңɫҲǳѿ޳ȻɲûӰ졣
һתͷź󷽿һۣŨһ߸ߴӰһһȻľ뻹úԶҿһӰܵİϵһֻÿһܵλζѡ
Ӻ˵ǣûһʱ䣬ҾȻ޳ֿһɫӰӣȫʯ̿һһƬԵøԡ
·ңһɫıĲûֻ̿˵ҲˣҲˣǺ޳ɱԩ꣡
лǰ˽飬л֪ж٣ΨǸ޳˳ҶֵĵһĿ꣬ǽץסҵѪꡣǰ˱˵ģѪ걾ʲôû׼޳Ĵ
Ψһܹҵģ޳ƺûлǸ壬ƽʱջһ̵ġ
ҿ·ңŵӣ˱ҲǸûõġڶһͳСпһۣ¶һ㣬·ң˵׼ôҵȥҶһġ
·ңŵң˵׼ʲô
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ҹӣСָأҲ֪ʱ᲻ҲҪл塣
ڼȻϣҲˡ·ңҵںϵһۣʱˣãȻܣƺҵλáô룬˵̷ģˣ
˵꣬תӣ·һ²ų˳ȥ
û뵽⳵һĶһ¾ͱӳ˦ˣҼǣæץסԼ壬û뵽Щá
ҳźһۣ޳ͣ˽ŲƺЩãƺͻȻҲĿһҶʱһԼò
·ңǳ̵ľóˣӺ޲⳵ܶ೤˸һҵǣûãʹŨ֮г˳ȥָоͺԽһǰʱҲְããһƬ
ͣ㣬·ңֱӿߣ˱Ҳѹ˸¸ָԺ󣬲˲·ңЦЦһ
˱ڳǿһۣãĲ˲˵ŷʲô飬Ϊˣ
˵ţźúÿ˿·ңһţСãʱ̿˵ķ糾ŮӣȻҴϽˣ££
Һ·ңһۣ˭û
һͷȥ˿Ƕȣÿʼɽȫǵķ羰ܿУģ·ʱ꣬Ѿв˿ʼˣΨһǸе飬ǽϣϳʼУڸŨŨİ֮¡ֻǶ˵ְͺھյһֻϣɢ


140 
ȥ·ϣҺ·ң˵绰ĶǻҹĻ·Ϻִܿˡһܼǵĺ룬ǲͨȥȴû˽ӡ
֣ǾûʱҲӦˣһ绰ͷʼֻཱུæһֱûнͨ
ҽ绰·ңЩԾ·ңҳüӣô£
赭дĽһ£룬Լ绰Ҳ֪ʲô˴˹ȥֻõ绰ͷȥ￴ڣҪǣʲôԾģ̻Ϣ
ڵĸоձһֱڵϢҲ֪ǲﷳԵʣ˼Ŷоܲ
ŵ˰Сʱ绰·ңûֻͱ˹Һܿͨġιһ
绰ͷһ£ƺû뵽߿˵ңһǿСˡ
ǾһȻƽ˵С˵ôö˶˵Ҫȥ￴أԭͻƤһˡ
˵ҳЩûõģ˵˵ʲô
һ˹˵ҲûɶҹȥһɣûˣиǲҪɢ˰ɡ
ˢһ¾Ͱˣ˵ûɣǵʲô
Ÿһµĳ࣬ȷʵҼǸ࣬һ¾ͼˣ˵Ұսڣһڻң
һ⻰ͱЩмģΪʲôҪķԸ·ңԱߺһ䣬˵ں̷֣˾ҵˣҴˣǻ
С˵̬˵ǣŹ˵绰żҪɻȥ
·Ҷû˵һ仰·ңʱӺӾ￴һۣҲ֪ﷳ겻뿪ڣͬһ仰Ҳû˵
Щ벻ףȻ뿪ǸطΪʲô˶ԶǶ֣ǵĴڲӰ쵽ˡСĵ浣ʲô顣
һʱ벻ʲô˻飬̷ǸҲãǵĿһֱңûҪŪô
뵽Ҳ벻ȻֻԽԽ̧ȭͷͳųҡ
·ң̾һҪ˵Щʲô˭֪ߵھһۣ˵ĸ꣬ɲ̷˵硣
ԭΪǣ˭֪񾭲࣬Ǹ˼񾭲
˵̷ϸϸǣκ飬ξ˿Ѱ൱ҵ֮ʱԼ侲ͷԣ֪˶ԩ
ҰһۣڴϣŴ·߲ȥӰһתһ룬⻰ҲûеȷʵΪ֪ǳͳסˣͺҸոյ֪С߳һ
뵽Ҳɻס˱ڣ˵ʱٵʱûпʲôġ
һᣬҡҡͷ˵Ǵг֮ʱǻ֮ﻹֳţ֮󣬶ʱԤıõġ
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˵ͨϸĻЩطҲ̫żȻЩô֪һȥʱǹһˣ϶ġ˵ˣһ³Ҫҵö࣬Ͼ߻޳
·ңǰһ䣬˵̷ЩҲûãʲôҲ²ֻܸ¸ûϵȻȥԺоɡ
ҵͷﻹǷŲֻ·ңĿٶٿһЩҪʱܷɾͺˡ
緹ǰڵ˳Ȼͣĳųȥ·ңĳӸոͦȣͱȥҴææܵ¥ϣ¥һ̷᰼ҵķҲţտյģһӰҲûС߽Լӣ̧һƣͿСڿɳϣĹʲôڵϣäĿǽ塣һҵĴһ
С˵ת˹һЦ˵Ӵˣ
û˼٩ֻأ
ָָϷŵһڣ˵أ֪ظö˵ò尡
æӱڻԭõʻһС˵ģЩֻ̣ܱŹӳһʱЩòע⡣
С˵һ֧̣Щνֻ˵ʱѾˣҲ֪Ǽѣ˻Ǳ˴ˡ
һ䣬·ңͰ˱Ҳˣ˿·ңû˵ʲô˱ھӴһ˵ôģ֡
С˷۾˰˱һۣս˵ĹŶ
˼ǳЩƽĴһۣ˿⣬ﶼ룬Ҳ˵鷳ˣΪѪֶǵĵȷȷġ
̷Ҳˣ˵ֻܵߵ춯Ȼææߵ̫æˣӵŶûйء
ⲽʲôһŶķ俴ֿĶĹѾˣƺǸͷ˵Ƿʱ򣬶ܴЩҲӴߵĿԣ˴ߵĻȻЩֻΪ
ɾˣﻹһѹôһʱ䣬ߵ˶ûѶֻһ˵òĵܰӹڣг
·ңǰվߣ˵̷ڿɲʧʱ߰ɣһµġ
Ｒ࣬˵·ңң̧ͷһۣ˵Ƕȥɣˣһ˾һ
ȰҼ䣬Ҿֱ߽ӣءһ¹Ϸţ˶⡣ǿȰⲻź󳤳̾һ漴кСһ㽻̸䣬ûˡ
ڴϣеĹڣһĸⰲԼĺһƬհף֪ôΪһҹ̫۵ԵʣĪ˯ˡ
۾ʱ򣬾ȻѾ˵ڶϣԺĳһۣѹȻĹڣˣ
ڵһ´ӴϴѱӶˣÿ䶼ҹȴʼûйڣټ
һΪ˳˯Ժҵӣɵҳ˷䣬ſڣϣ˱һ̣ƨ̧ø߸ߵģԴڹڣһ͵İͷ̧ңһЦ˵˯ˣ
߹ȥһˮ¶ӣڸʲô
ɳϣס̾ɳͣ˵Ȼ˽˯ˣЩҲ۵Ľұ㶯˯һᡣ
һ⻰ͷһҶ֪ԭ֮䣬֮以ཻ·ңδؾֱܹӣæ˽⵽ʲôˣ


141 
ЦЦ۾ңȻڳһ˵̷ǷãֻǸһǴ֮ˡ
Цһ벻˵һǴ㲻Ѿܶˡ
ҲֱӣǰֻװɵʵΪҲǣ˴ֻˣҴɲˡҲȰ㣬ԼǺǻΨˣܹߵøԶ
һ⻰ǰڳϵģȫͬ·ֱլǸŵӣʱˣһڳϳʲôϷӣʵûܵ޳ǸĹƻ󣬶Ϊ·ңԭװģñΪûʲôĹҲ÷ɾ衣
΢΢ͷȻϵֻ˵ΪڵĹϵ˿ǸģʵЩܲˡ
ڣϸϸ·˵̷ĴҹڣҲֻôһȥ׼һ
ɻһۣﱾ࣬ںͶһʧˣһֱڼõġֻ⻰ƺЩԾĵطֻΪʲô
Źϵ·˵Щȷʵ֪ࡣַϳˡϵ·˾ĵ棬ʱûʲô飬ǲ죬Ҳͻɢˡ
Ҷʱһæ˵ܣڣѾ˲ʱ䣬Ҳûʲô⣡
ڣҵǰ˵ԼЩۣ¿ȥģϸƵĻ˭Ҳ֣ᷢĵǶҪɢˣ档òʱ䣬Ҳͳ׷ˣ
һæڣ˹ϸһƣֹӿڵλãй޵ϣһЩϸСĻۣǰ˵ĲһӡϸĻֲֲ
Ҷʱˣ˫ֶϮ˼ȻƵϣϢľҪõɢΪȥģԵҷֵʱҿھβѡ
Ҫϵĺֽҿȴ˱ڸסˣ˵ȱ𼱵ģһҲǺõģֻʱ䲻ܴ̫ѡ
ųסڣɫȻ·ʲô鶼ָƵӣЩ˵ôҲ飿
ЦЦ˵ͻ£˽Ķ࣬κԼȥ
⻰˼ͺܶ˶öˣų٣˵ĵҲһһףҪֵʱǷᡣ
ڣ۾͹ˣҲΪҲ֪顣
˵ղͷ棬֪˽⵽ʲô
ʧ̾һҡҡͷʲôҲû˽⵽ϧŵǸ㵸ģǿ˼Һ֪ڿлɵѡ
ͷһᣬ˵Ψһܹ뵽ģЩ̷ҵˣҲ̷лҺǰķ֧֮⣬ûʲôɵĿꡣ
仰΢΢üͷ˵һɷ֧Ȼ˻ô
Ҳ⻰˼ѯʣ˵֮ǰҲͨ׼һɱڽѪ£һǳ˽ˡ˵ѵʱǻ˻֮Щ飬ż
⻰˵ƽȴľѣţҲǸºֵ뷨Щ̷ƣֻʱͬѾûôˡ
㰴˵һ룬Ϊһ֧˻Ȼ飬µҲ벻̷лЩ飬ʲôĿģô˵ȥʲôջǼȥ
Ĭһᣬ⣬ҲʹԼֻ֪е࣬лһڶľɳȥˣµײĵµģûһ
һ̾ϢȻеһУе࣬л棬ܽҲΪ޳Ĺϵʧᡣ
ǻǶֵˣҲֻһ֧˵ġǰ˱ڿһ£ȴҡҡͷ˵̷룬㣬ŪôĶ¶ԼĴô
ʬż׷ӣǶ˰ɣô˵ʱԵĿҲֻһѣڿ˵ĴУȷʵǵ硣
ĻɣʲôܹƵһҵжﶼǽȥˣֱһ޷ĵزҾҪƵ̫Һʲô
˱ЦЦĿңǸӣƺѾ˴𰸣ǲ˵
ܲӣֵˣ㷢ʲô͸ңôţܡ
ǳЦһҲ뿴ж˼ȫǽȥ¿㾭Ļ̫١
˵ˣּܸĴڱȣ
ͷĵô˵ֻ㣬ʱǸӣʲôˣ
һ⻰ʱĬ˼ڻСˡ
ȻЩǴӵһ֮լ˵ЩҶӡиĹۣʱҷЩ
ҡҡͷ˵Ӧòܡ
ϼҳ״ǱʶӦú﷢ͬһС˵Ļ϶֪ֻС˵̬ȣӦҲòȥСȻϾǸӣǰȥл˵ףҪһ·ģɾûȥĻˡ
ΪһϵڣҾòСˣҽŵĹϵͰ˱˵ˣһʱҲĬûм˵
һ˼׿˲˵СȷʵǸЩˣµΪ޹ģΪ˵Ҫڹڣ澲˶ûô
ԸųȥĻʵڲһҪʲô̶ȲҪҸƵ·ȥˡ
ҺԼҪ˼ɵģôһ֣˵ڰ·ңǣҾС˲ôͷԵˣܹˡ
˱վȻˣǾ;䡣ջ¶β
ҵͷƺ֮⣬Ҳû취顣
˱˵꣬תͳߡһ£˵Ҫȥ
ٺһЦȻǳѪ䣬ѲţͻԼ
һ¼˵а취֪Ѫ
һۣ˵ѪҲΪ취ȻУֻǲ֪ܲáȥæԼ飬ظҡǹڣҲҪ
˵ţֱ߳˷䣬ʧҵǰ
ʧĵطӿоԼһˣû׼ҵһѪ䡣


142 
ڼŪ˵Եģ˸绰û˽ӡ
̾˿һᣬ˱ڻûҪ˼ʹϹڣ׼ȥӻгµĹӡֻҲ֪ƽʱѡģ˼طûҵͬģȣûһҾ󺹡
ӻгһ·ѰѰ٣ƽʱҲֵط˲ɵˡҸոһ޵Ĵһ£еĹڣϸϸֻǽӹɨһ״͵ݻ
˵⸽ûֹӵģ
Ҳ񱾵ˣ̸⺩ͷЦ˵״ǰмҵﵹЩǲ֪ǲҪ֡
һе·æлҪߣ˭֪ͻȻסһѣٺЦţŪҺĪ
ɻ󣬾ͼһװҪƼҵӣ˵ֵܣҪСİ
һû⻰˼ɴ۾һۣ˵Сʲô
ͷŬŬ죬ʹɫ˵г˶ӵģҪıЩӸϰ
һˣ϶ǷڸңΪС͵ţֲţװӸѡæЦһֺ˸лͷû˵ҽ˽ĹӣͷҲصĳǰߡ
Ȼûʲô仯ʵһֱڴģҴҪС͵ʲôĶңһְҵ۹ⶼûСұȽϵĵǣʲôٴעˣһֱβֻ´ݾߣܻͷȥϰµġ
ҽŲһ£װһڿ·С̯ϷƷӣ˳۽ǵ⳯źɨʼûע⵽ҵ˭ô֮㷢һԵӰ͸׵ĵطÿβͷȥͣ½Ųװһйӡ
ҿĴҲǵҪ͵ӣ˸Ӽᶨ뷨ǿ˵ӣīһúܣҴûҲ²ݡ
תͷҪô취˦ҪôҾͰԼ͹ȥݣҪС͵֪ע⵽һ飬ҲˡҪʲôĿģǾǵѣҲݳҲи
ǡڣ߾иԪ֣˽ȥб۳һǴīվſڣһۣƺҪ߽ȴЩԥ
ԪＸЩòŵĶ㿴һȦȻһЩˮƤĵӣҲǳһ㣬˵Ҳǹˡһѣ͵͵ڿ㶵ﻹĻԼȣ˸Сġ
˳װһҪӣֻǰ˵һ䣬ֵܣҰˣ£
һ㶣û׼ΪԼַж漴ɫ͵΢΢һЦĻϲ⣬˵Ҳûôء
ƤЦⲻЦ˵ô̸̸
ʹ˸ɫ˵զҸطúġ
˵Уȡ
һ˵еĹڣ˵ˡ
һ䣬Ȼϵİһקһ澹Ȼʮڣ˳һң˵͸㣬ڿ˰ɣ
ҽ˹ԼûʲôۣȷûֵĶԼ
ǶĬû˵ֱ߳ӻгϣ˼ҿϵ»£ȻһʳӵĻϷſϵ»Ĺ棬˾ȻŹҵĸоͺһͨˣ͹ֵϵһȥ
ҳһᣬ˵ʲôˣʲô
һ±ϵī˵ô˵㻹֪ҵôҽлɷ硣
΢΢һᣬлɷ磬Ѳɾ̷˵Ǹͬ飬лҵˡ
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һ⻰Щƣһʱû˼߸˵ʲôŶԡ
ʣȿˣҲʱ⣬Ŀ͸īңʣ̷ôˣ
һ仰ҿ϶̷ᰵĹϵǰͨͨˣ̷ҪŪǸˣһǸ̬ɱ˿񣬹Ȼ˲ֻġ
һ뵽飬Ҳëʼû뵽Һһμ棬ͻֳ֮¡
Ҳܱ¶ֻܼ治ɫװĻһȻȷʵʲô顣
ͷ˵ô⻰˼
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ϸ׽⻰˼̷ӽҵʱõ˵Ǿҵĵôһ䣬ϧ˲֪ƵͷҪˣȷʵѡ
ڿҲΪ̷ᰵʧ٣ʧȥϵʱ䣬Ӧò඼ͬʱֻͺһֶԸ˶һҶ̷֡
뵽ҲɾЩЦ˵ףһûԸ̷ᰵߵʬżŪҹǺˡ
µҲֻװһȻصӣҲ֪˷ˣǲǻҵֶ֣סһһ̷ֻΣô
Цһ˵ܸʹȻĻĥ˵ķʽͦģ㲻ţܿԡ
Ҹպһϣһ⻰Ͳ˳˵׻Ҫҵﻹǽףǳв
ȶһԼԼڣ̷ֻ˵ǣһᣬϹֻȻסַ֪֪ˣ̷Ҳˡ
һ£漴Цˣ˵ˣң
һֱעı仯ոһ㶣һ˿ϲĻӦҲ֪ǲ˵ַԭֻ˵ԽԽãͺЩ񻰵ӾһǰķӦȴû׼⻰ܻס
Ҵ֣˵㲻ſ԰
ϵЦʱûˣתȻһߣ˵̷ݣ̷¹ƣ⵽˵ȷϣҾ뿴ץ㣬ĥ㣬ֶܼò˵̷ᰵ䡣
ҵ⻰ǰ䣬οԼ˵óɹˣôСҲǱסˣĻľͳˡֿһ䣬תȥקڣıһﻹȺﶯ֡
һţʱʲô˲ˣ˳ſ㶵һһ¾ͰˮӶ˳۾һգ͵ľʹӵ³˹ȥ
Ҳ֪ԼҪǱˣٵиɱɣô࣬ʱԹ˲Ͼ
ֻлɷƺһһůҺʱҵϣ۾ŷɫѾˡŵҡ
ܵããµµûע⵽״ǿϵ·ѪȾԽԽ죬Ҳˣ·иһֱҶߺţ˵̷ɱˣ
ò֪룬͸оҼһѣŵһһûתͷ˭һŮ˵Ҷ˵λҪæɡ


143 
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Ҳ֪Ϊʲôתһ룬ΪҺ·ңĽֻǲǸģǸлɷġ
ҴæվڿϲϲմȾѪҽĿɫģŪҲʲô
лһѣ˵̷ӹ󰡡
û˼гЩֻǻӹˣǿľлң˵̷߰ɣｻҿɱʬרҡ
ҵͷлɷһۣϵѪɫѾûˣһֽűҴеĶӣһֳϣ۾ĶҺл
ҵһζͱˣ鸴ӵĲˣֺ촽ΪŶϡò˵һ飬Һʱ򣬾ȻЩлɷ磬ʱͱҪǻңҿ϶ͺԹǣҧʹһûԳЩҺ׵ģˣò̫أڱʵĵ񷨻ϹϵԹ첻ԹˡֻԼûжԷĺ
ҲΨһһΣĺĸҡҲںȴãϵһΡ
ҳлһۣҲлɷ磬ȶһºҴҵľͳ˵ߵʱ򣬻ͷһۣлǰλϣлɷ磬ζ
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û·ϲһ£ŷȷʵ亹ʲôͷתˣҪлɷ統˼ҵô죬ллôʬ塣ǵӦûͷŶԣ᲻ͱľͷҪұˮˣȥֵطһͷײʹ졣
һصﻹһ˶ûУҾҸ˵˵йһ뷨ܣֻһɳϷʱţ᲻ʲôر𱨵š
ҾԼЩɱ˷ˣǲ֪лɷɱЩʬżʱһô̬
һ죬ﶼǳìܣӶˣԷ鶼ûУȵϣ˱ڻûлҲ֪ǵѪȥˡ
Ҵ򿪵ƣ˵ӵ֮⣬һ춯ûУ飬æڣóƿĺֽ溰һһᣬſҡҡĳߣһӣ嶼Щ͸·ûʵһ֪С˵٣Ҳȷʵֹۡ
һңʱͿˣ۾ﻩĵŵæο˵𼱣Ժ˵µĹڣû⣬ûĻͽȥš
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ұȻһ£Ǹǰһ¾ͷӦ˵˼ģǶŪģ
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˼ʱӦ˲ٹ֣Ȼ󶡶û취ˣΪ˻ֻУߣ϶ᱻֻû뵽˵ôҶѡ
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ô˵ʱլ˳Ҳٵġϸϸ룬һصϼҵʱȻˮȻ֮ǰҲȹһѣܰѷ˵Ļ𣬸ж󣬾Ҹϻȥʱ˲ʱ䣬û׼ܼȻĵʱܳ˹⣬ѾûˡҷĽֵϣˮѾ׸ˡ
ʱҴ绰ʱӦѾһʱˣֻҲôʲôĿģ˵üһЩܻȥΨһıϰ
뵽ҲɵСʼգլ飬Ҷûһ仰ΪϵĻᶼѾûˡһʱû׼飬Ȼǿ뿪ģС⣬Ҳʲô⣬˵Сʱ֮䷢ִ˶ŵСʧ䡣
Ȼȷжı£Ů߶ԸٻЩֶεġڽڵжԵһǵһڻϼ֮ƾʧ顣
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ǰֻһЩ£ĳɳ㹻һЩõ벻һϵеıʣĻף
һᦣڻϾͺܿɣרΪȥģô֪һڻϣ
һӷӿͺҪըһҿղѡģһҵԴƺҪοһ
ҳһֳĺ˳ʰһԼ͵˵һû£󽻴ڣ棬ȻȥϴһˮԼ侲һ¡
վžӣȻ⴫һƾһ̫ͻȻŵֱһ¡
Ҳ׷ʲô飬ߵԱߣ۾⿴ʱѾʮ㣬һӰûУǳŵ·ƣȻǽӴһһһġҹԵøˡ
ţȻصһ£ͷ·ƾȻȫϨĴϣʱһƬڰ֮С
ţһһɫĹһ㣬Ȼŵ··ĵƻһ㣬ͺٹҹһĳһ̧۳ųȥܼĵطһƬĵɫ
ǰĳ棬ʱͷβһһӰֵģ˳ﾪȲѣǶĹڵװ
һ죬ʮ壡ӣæȥһҶʱɵˡ
ûũʮ壬Ԫڡ˸һ飬ʮģͺʮΪǰϦһ˵һգŴ򿪣Ⱥ


144 Ϯ
ʱðһɺ⣬ƵŽŴȫȻ֪ûʲôãǿԼһﰲοҿŷеĵƣһС϶ŵſǽߣ濴š
ԾһƬڰĵĹ֮⣬ʲô
ЩӰӣǰϡҸ
ȫ񾭶ţҳһڣȫעڴĹ֮ϣҵһοȺŵľҲ֪Ƿͳľȫͬ뵽ϵӡǣе㺦¡
ԭΪԼʱܹһǵ׼һ̫ͻȻҸûпǵʱ䡣
ҽŵǣȻŹĵ·ǰУƺûע⵽ҵĴڡֻҸҷûãŽֵϵĹӰԽԽ࣬˲ι״Ĺ֣ߣʱ򣬽ŲȻһ٣һתԴ˹
һæŪʵʵģҲ⿴һۡ
ĽֵϣԵøžұǽڣ˼һᣬûоʲô쳣飬ɻ̲סƿһ㣬ԼӲͷƤ۾ȥ
һҶʱɵˣҵĿ⣬ֱӺһ˫Ѫ۾һڴĲϣɴ۾š
һһˣȴɹ֮ϣˢһ¾ͱˡŷ֣һŲҰûѪɫԹǻϲһһڴϣһСҽһ˲䣬еĿ⣬˹
æˣǻ֮䣬һûվȣءһˤڵϣĹӰƺ˷ܣЩŲЩȻһ¾ʹ͸ҡҡλεĹڴϡ
һԸǵİ취ûУææӵһץϵĹڣ׼ܣҪһֱԼô֪
ǹڣһȻϵĶţƺҪѳǷҪҡǿǵڵӣֻǼӴϵһѳȥ
˭֪ҸһŰ֣ͺһ麮һ㣬ڿŷ棬ذϣѾһ㱡ı裬·֮ľ󣬻ѩһ
룬ź⣬ٶȥţ֪ŷ·𱻶һþʹһקȴûһ㷴Ӧ·ŵһͷҲһ
һּһɻûܽŸ򿪡̧ȥߣһûö͸о˫űһҶʱʧȥƽ⣬ԴءһŰϣ̶˶ˤǰһײͷۻҴææתӣͿһϰ°Ѿ뿪мֻһЩƤǿһˡſڵϵһ̲Ѫ֮УЦţקҵĿȡ
ֵĺܣһͷȻܣǿ˵ģӦǳŻӡ
ϵЦҲˣ·ĸⲻģҪǰȥĸоһʹţҪԼѳǸһ֣Ȼͱһϸ룬һߣһ¾ʹ͸ҵֱۣ
۵ôһģҪѾߴ͸ˣߺȻһŴֲ·Ůˣãƺûн㡣ҿ·ʽǶʮӡһֽסһֽקҵĸ첲ͺ廨һǰһһֱȥлŸ裬Щʲôȫס
ܸܵЩߴƤ֮´͸ʹУϵ۵ҶˣŮ˶ߣ΢΢ҡţȫҡ͵̧һֻ֣ϻȭҹȥû뵽ȻĿⲻϣӦȴҪͺղһקסҵֱֽۣߴ͸һֻ־ͱͬһ߸һ
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һƬհףͺʧȥ˼һǱһӤĿѹһ飬תͷһŷߵŮϾȻһģŤӤ˿ڿֲֹŮӤһ£е͵ͺźӣ˵޲ޣ档
һ䣬ֽãĿת˹ߣֱֻۣĵطһһ·۵ôУڵϲϲšԭΪˤһԵĹڣζøͻȻһ죬ڣϷĺֽƾһһѾվҵߣ̧һźݺŮļͷӶ߷˳ȥ
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ԭҪ˵лĻŮѾվˣвٹ֣컨壬ԸֹƳ˹ֱϵʹȥ㶵Сתһ룬ûйڣıӻһҡҪЧĻͬǣ
뵽ڵһݣӲûӶͳֻǳһ䣬˵ߣ
ţתӣŷһһźݺ˹ȥԵһֱǶߣֱءһ촫ŽŵĶǰһ㣬ŲǱ˿
ûԥֱ˳ȥ֪һ˺Ŵӵϻ˳ȥֱײڶ̷᰼ҵǽϡ
סӣһŷ¥ֵǽڣ֮ϣȻȫǱм׺ʵһ¥Ȼѩ
ֱӣԼٱ滬תͷһȻһµŮˣԹվ¥
մѩͷüëѾ˰ɫһӣǰĵʱ򣬶˵ѩ֮µˣӣŮҲͽѩŮ
ҲһֱûжԹ֮Һ͵һۣ¥ԽԽкϢʱ˪һһƮڵϡ
ұľͼΪֱ£ǰϵ˿ڻѪȫѾһı衣


145 ۼ
С£һֱҵߣҺѩŮм䣬ԼһѩŮӵģţ˵ҲǸ಻ŮˣʱͻᣬҴ˶ꡣ
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ָоͺϴŵЩڼ羰ƬһƬﶼһɽ˺ģǷȥ¥Ľֵ֮ϣһ϶ûУģЩ򰵣ʵĹӰһȺһȺĳס߾£
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һᣬ¶һеĳرȻקָ˦Ȼӳ¥˳ȥ
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û뵽ǣո߳¥Ȼֹס˽ŲǶȥ·һԼĹ֡
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һ¾ڣſһûзӰѾȺû
ţֹŹֵЦҵĿ޺ܿһģӰӣȺ֮вϻӣҶһĹˣǰײһССĿӣɾԶԶԶԶ
ǰĹڵȴţͬʱߵĹ˺ţ󶯾ԽԽСģӰӶѾˡ
ֱڣҲͲסһ㣬˺ѷεĺ˳һʲô˲ϣȾͳŵڵĵط˹ȥ
ҸһȺķӦȴ˷ܵö࣬ƺҶǵԶԶǵܹȵϵġ
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ܹȺ֮УһֻǽקһҪҳĹ֡ɵܷ㶵ĹӰعʱӵϣΧסҪ˺һȴֲĸ򣬶Ѿû·
鼱֮£еһۣٶȽ߸ֻţһҡ֮󣬵ܹ֧ŵסܵҵĲ
ֱϵʹ͵һҡֻһ춯ܺȻֻһһ»صڶԡȻᣬ·𽫻ɢһ
ͣȴȵķ֣ܵĹ־Ȼûκһ𿪣ֻߵĹȫֹͣ˶·ʱʹ˱һҺȻǣ͵ķӦŵ˹ȥ
Ȼûһܹһж˳˳Щ¡ɵߣŷҲܵĹһڵϣһռŵЩˡ
ԽżһûеõκλӦҹ˲࣬ҪӵŪҸոϾͺһʱ۵ܡ
ʶȥŷ޳ǸӡǵĵطȻ·Ǹӡû̼һ
һеӡǵı仯˶ʱסˣһܵı仯ȻоԼʲôͷһᣬоЩš
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ƺҸղҡʱʼˣ
һԽ뵽飬ǿҵģõģﻮСԿصѹϮѾҹ˵ģСΪʲôᳶ
Ϊʲô
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ҶʱڵͷһȻվҵ󣬽ҵĲӣĮҡ
ţҪȴԼ˵ʿʼܵĹַ׷׶ܹоõպ֮ǰѾرˡǰЩԸ⶯˹ֻվһԹۣڶҹˡ
¥ѩŮҲٶȳҵҰ֮У֮Ʈ׷Ĵѩŵģһɱζ
һúͺһǰϵë۾ҹҲָϵָףָҪ涼ɫ
ָұŵĲͺƬһһһҺͷܸܵһѪָĵطʳƲö೤ʱ䣬Ҳͱ׸ˡ
ҲʱҺȻವһһ֧͵Ĵ˱ϴ룬һ´͸ųһǼʸͷʱſûзĴһ
˺ѷεģһ£һЦֻ֪ˣҲˣ
ӺȻһ±ٵУ˳һ־סģȻлǳͷվ·ңߣڹȺ֮⣬Ц
죬̷ᰣҲӺ෴ķ򣬳˹


146 ϻ
ǵӣһ˲䣬ҾȻޣҲϵж˿ڣӲŴӵվſյͳܹȥæŵһۣлͷţֽŻڿקߣҪ
վԶҿֻǽĳҴ󺰣˵̷
ҼѾԼŬ˵̫أٶȸ첻ڶͻȻ˹Ⱥ֮УйͼʸһţͺڴһӲܵĹƿ̷᰾ûǶֻվڹȺ֮⣬һ˫۾ۿǣֿ·ңǣƺЩɵ
ԭ·ңһ໥Юƣ񣬱̫࣬ҲûôģЩҲǳģҪΧҪҪæԱ㡣
ҳŶ￴˿м䣬Ųٹ֡Ҳ֪ʲô̼ƴһһ㶼顣ϵ˿ڲ٣ǰں֮УҲ˲ˡ
ϸһᣬЩּûа㱻һ壬໽лţǷƵĳҳ
иôЩֶԶû˺֮£ҾͲˣҲûܳ˫Ⱦͱһǰһˤ˸ʺͷһֲ֪жֻƴקסҵȣֻһҾͱϻȥ
·ңһǸоƽʱȫͬװͰ͵ģֱӾͳڵλó˹Ǳȶɵö࣬ߵܵĹӰǷ׷ɢҿһûãѾҵǰֽ͵һקӵ
ŷֱӣץҾͺСһһԵ壬Ƭ̹ҾĴ֮£ӹȺг˳ȥ
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ҿ·ңӣȻɣüͷһֱûɿæѵʲô鷳顣ûлشлȿڣ˵ЩͨĹ꣬ŵʱѣЩ鷳ģû
ԭЩδһ⻰ӽЩ˵ѾǺˣȻǸ鷳ġ
·ңҵǵӣ¶һ㣬˵̷ǸأԵĻھ꣬Ұߣһ򲽽Ҫǳ״ҿ¸һǻǾԲܳ¡
ҳǹȺ֮һۣղŵͻȻסҲӵʱһûȣѾ˵ϣ˵ʵڸͲˣŹֵĳ̶ѾҵҲһʱ⣬޳ǧ˿ϵĶ϶ǲҪմȾúáȻҲΣҪ
ҽҪ˵һ£·ңɫֱ䣬ʼûгܵ˶ͬʱĬҲĪӦҲһû뵽м侹ȻСŹ
ò״ӹȺһֱۣ˵ʲôߣ
кܶҪǣܵĹָûᣬÿһԾԾԣҪɱΪ·ңڵĹϵƺֲ̫һڲԶʱ׼ŵģ·ֻҪһлᣬǾͻҰƤѪ
˵߾ߣûκγɵģ˹ͬУܵġҿŶŮͷڿУһֱûзҲ״æʶ˵ôһ¡
ûпĹһţһң̫ͨһͱˣ޳Υ˵ġ
ұܱߵͷﲻɶ·ңл࣬׷Ĺ꣬ڿǣ첻µز£·ûʲô·ңһ
ҲͷŶһ˵ڵϹģѵ˿־
ѾѵıԵûİһۣ˵˸øﻹǸֻˣſĿҪûѪ꣬û׼㱻һȺΧм䣬ơ椣ʲô鶼֪ء
һ⻰Ҳӡ֤֮ǰĲ롣ǼҪܵ˶ˣû׼˿ǵķӦ;ǶһȺûҩ񾭲š
ǳǰţҾķ֣ǳĸܣ·ϣһĻǣͬˮһ㣬ԴԴϵӿһֱڵŷ򣬿ǵʵǰܵûˡ
ϵ˿ԽԽۣҲٵط˺ѿѪȻòǺܶ࣬ҲһֱûֹסһֱԼֲ֧סֻǿԼһ֧ԼǰСû뵽뵽һµˣȴǶ
ԭҵǰ棬ٶԽԽһᣬͨһµڵϡҾŵĺһæͣ½Ųһͺʱ˶ԺͻȻͣһҽһҲһûа취ǰ
ҹڶߣֽҪٴֱȴɥķҸϴŴɫЩҰףǰǸƴģо˶Ҳ֪֮ǰʲô飬һϵ˺ۣܶطܿ׵⡣ŷ˵ıҪģֻһֱû˵ѡ
·ңҵĽкͷҺͶһۣΪʲôķֻ˵̷ˣڻǸߣ
һ⻰ʱһ·𲻹·ңȹҼΣƽʱжãܻΪһ仰ͽԭõӡȫ顣ҺݺݵĵһۣоԼڵı飬һ˵Թ
·ңһ£ƿߣǰҲϳ׷ĹӰ˵һ仰
קҵӣƺҶһϢ΢΢˵̷㲻׼ߣûҿɾͻˣ㲻׼ң
æ֣·ܹһ㣬˵𼱣߲ˣ߲ˣҪҲ϶ȣ㻹ܻš
Ҳߣһԣƺкܶ໰˵һģʲôҲû˵ֻϸż
廹ܲܿסԵĻȱһ·һû˵ڣ̷᰽һ˵ʲôˡ
ͬһʱ䣬·ңлǶ˹ȥҲŬ˶ӣǵĿ⡣
Ȼ֪ʲôһǵķӦ֪϶ѶԸġ
ֻԶһƬڰ֮УֳһɫĹΧܴܴ󣬼Ըסֵ߰ٶȿˣǷٶ
·ңһʱͺϴ޳ʱһﲻɴ󺧣Ϊʵںܹ·ңֱ顣
һƬɫˣҲŷģʵʲôϡĶܵĹһȼŵĻ棬ֻɫɫѡ
ϻһ·ңлڲϺˣ̷Ҳ˸սһ£ֱӣֻ̱ɽקң˵̷Сģǲ֪𣬴˵ȼϵĻ棬մȾһ㣬ǶǱɢģ


147 Ů
˶ĻֵûоٿµĵطǸоⶫЧʵ̫ˣҪ˵һ£ͻᱻϻҿܻἱһ亹˵ʲôģ˵ûôĿԣҴһͨ˵ĽǶĹ۵㡣
·ңӣҵǸң֪Ķ϶ԽԶԽãϻԽҲŷǵķΧԶԶǰƵҪࡣڿȼţͺһǵصһĵطȫסӣҲûеطߡ
û֪ѾͷУһ㣬ѤãҲ¡
˭ûгÿ˶Ĭ̧ͷϵľ󣬿ԼʶһɫĻͻȻɢͺŮɢһڵĵط¡ֳ漫ûס̾һתۼ䣬ҺȻЩϻ𻨵ӣŤţմȾһ㣬һɫ˲ͷչӣһ룬ͱһƻҳ
û೤ʱ䣬ǰһڵȺȻɫ˴룬ģһ֮ҹԵøˡ
·ңĺʮּ٣Ҳ֪ΪʲôӣȻЩЦ˵ҲȥͷˣǿͻûʲôֵӣҲɱ档лżö࣬۾ϵϻһƨ̱ڵϣӾŵС
ĻŮγɣǱһԼ֮ռӣҲ֪ʲôڿⲻ֪𣬾ĿǣйֵĿǡ
ҿȺϱ֪ţﲻ֪ϲǣһ붡̷ǽŵӣ𲻽ԹãҲһкǿɱȻ·ңҲصǣΪûĴڡ
µĻƬԽԽ࣬Ѿвߣ·ңлƶ÷ǳ죬Ϊ˱ܿЩ棬ƶöѾ˻Ӱ
ǻŵ̧ͷ̷ǻֵʱѾƲǣƵĳǰܣţұŶҪƶȴ·ңٶȣҵǣͷĻ涼ûֱϣһһܡ
ҸվЩϻͺʶıܿһ˭֪ͷһЩɢܵĻ磬ʱ˽һ㣬һһ㳯ڵλþ£
һԣæһ˵ҸȫĵطϿ㿪
ҵĿһֿۣ֪һߣڵҺͶֻ۶ѣˣܻһһ
һԥı飬һʱӿһɻһϻٵĵطûݺһϣӦһʱ·ߵĲݵϣӦ֮ѾۼһƬ档
ЩϻһһƴиޣҲˣͺһϵ׳γһɫĻȦҺͶΧм䣬￿
קҵֽֽѾɫңﶼһ˿ǻ˵̷һ
ҰһЩ˵ɵӹʺ˺أˣҲҲ
һۣûΪҵĻȻ˵ͷۿɼģǾ顣ܵĲ֪ȼյĸⰲκ·ൽѹֵĻҪ˵
ڻȦ⽹Ĵҵ֣ĵطѾװȫ·ңлҲֹͣ˶ܣֻڻȦ濴ңһҲжٲģȴûһ취
ƴһ·ܵȦϣϻҪϨ·һմϻ𣬶ʱͳһƬҽҪֵÿ죬ǲ롣ڳ׾ͨһ¹ڻȦ⣬κζԵô·ңǴ˵ǲæİɣǰ
·ңҲûа취ĬĬһۣ漴۾תͷȥ
ףǱƵˣֲɰѶһЩҪ۾Ȼһ˻˻ϤӲԶĽֽһ£˳Ƿȥͼֵŵĳӣ첽ǳ˹
۾һۣң˵̷ְ
û˵ֻǿΣӦɣɾˣʲô취Ұְѵа취޳а취ϨŲ֪𣿲ǰһۣΪϻһգɾҲˡ
ܿǰǳϵһƿ̽һԴȴҸףǰ˱ڡǳɻ⳵ôͻȻ
ڳûǲϳǱƽϻһۣȻֿ˿ңȻһЦ˵һĲһһڣ
Ҿͺ񿴵һæɤûа취ǳȥ
Цһ˲֪ɱ֮Ȼǲҵġ
ɫʱ֪ΪʲôѾ׼𰸣Щʧ
˭֪ʱ򣬰˱ںȻЦһ˵ûа취ǱС̷Īˣǰȥȥʲô
͵һ㶣ԼĻԭؾȵĲܶûڣͼ˱ڳűϵ·ңлǿһۣ˵λȰһˣ˵ؾѾҵȹƿصˡ
˵ţȻлĵһָ˵ɷǸңǿûʲôô
л·ңһۣ·ңûзԣŽͷһ˦ѵ˱ڶ˳ȥ·ңͬʱˣϺͿҪЩʲô
˱סӣкٺЦţҲֻ֣˵ҲǺľλһȶѡ벻ɾ޹ˡ
һ䣬Ȼٶƿӣųﺰһ˵ˣҼСӣɾͿˡ
ᡰšһƾҪҼ쳤˲ӣҪ峵ŵĵ˭û¶ȴȴӺһ
ϻĹҿӣǰѪǸһģһĻҲˡ
·ңǵһӦģǸӣȵĽһȻѪô
һ䣬תͷ˹ûзԵһǿϲЩ£ͻȻһסлԶ񱼶ȥգ۾ͿǵӰˡ
£ܵĲ֪ƵԽԽѾףе˼ǸѪӵϣǰֿ־жѾȻ޴档ֻ֪ʲôˣʲôʱͨʲôõҪܹһУҲûʲôźˡ
ҵɴ۾ųţһŮ˵Ӱӣڳ̽Ҷʱ͸оЩ죬ɻ뵽˭쾪ȵĽһ˵裿


148 Ϯ
Ļһ£۳ųȥѾ˳Ȼĸס
ԵսսģŲ֪ԼʲôĵĴЩܿһۣĿҺͶߵĲ֪ϣʧ˻Ƶġ
ŵĺһתͷһһ£Ȼͼ˵С죡ôҲط
ûȥֻǵһ˫۾Ӳ⡣һ£ſڣûͱ˱ڸֹˡ
˱ڳһЦ˵ˣ˿ҲûжʱͶˣǰĻɼˣҺһ뿪ͰѺӸ򿪡þһ
΢΢ĵ˵ͷֳҺ춼һۣ⸴ӡ
һʱûŪΪʲô·ңˣ˱ҲҪߣǿֱӣ˵һѪ꣬˼壬Ⱥһ򿪣Ĺֶȫ
һ֮ϲ̲סҪڴߴ١ȴð˱ڸ۾ԺıڲϣЦ̷ⲻ֪ˣͰһѪȥǿһǰ㾭һУλӰڡ
ͷö˵һֱôһ죬ȥһĵû뵽ֱľ棬Ȼ־תôܲ˷ܡҪǱ֪Χм䣬ҶҪܹȥѰ˱ڸˡ
ѾףݵЦЦ˵һ䣬ˡ
軹һŵ֪ô˵ôӣ˵ͷ֮ʲôҲѵÿӣƽô˵ҫģһ˵˭粻ȴµĺӣ˵һŻӦһ䡣
˱ԺԼƸУҲٶ˵һ仰ʹһɫϣǻ˻һ˦ӣͳʱķԶˣգ۾ʧ
ǰźӵЩҲû˼ȥֻǲסĴߴٵЩӴ򿪡
ľګĵ˵ͷںӵһᣬΪŵԵʣŪ˰죬ǵҲͺȥæˣΪϸСġꡱһǺ
ͬʱҲ֪ﴵĴ磬һ£ӭϮҷ·һ޵ҹ֮лصҹǰһѪ꣬ͺܵٻһ͸һɱĸо
ԭȼյɫ磬ȻҵĲ·һɫĹӰһʱڵϸߣʱֵ͵÷ڵϣûӣȻ΢ȥ趯£ƾɢˡ
ҺͶûתͷһۣЩû֪չĲ֣ҲϤˡûо춯صĴ棬һжķǳѸ٣ôϢġ
ȷû飬ŷŶӵվɫǳ԰ףҲЩ˷ܡ
ҳһлҪѪӹƺ֪Ѫ겻ܴأæĽѪźһݵҵС
ҿźǿѪ꣬ҵϣһҲϡĵطζӣҲʲôݡֻúܲףҲãҲãܻżʼһ
ѪһۣҺٺһЦ˵̷ѪԽԽǿҲһǺһ𣬶ʱͻˣԺҲڷˡ
ҵͷֽѪӺͳִֽͬԼǿ·ͳѪ״һģҶǳԲҿһᣬûҵԽνһĵطҲɻƺҲڿǺϲһ
ҸоΧ˵۾ϵĶŪĪЩѹͷԣֻǰհ˱ڵ˼̽ԽѪһҪȻȻû뵽Ѫһ𣬾ȻͷֲˣӷǳŹ֡
üﻹЩɻ󣬾һ˵̷ƣѪ״ˡ
һȷʵЩͬˣ仯ĹƷǳۻֱܹóѪͺһĵһѪ΢΢ЩҶЩ״ͷβӣγһԲмճһЩûôҲûô
һֱֵһᣬȷѪûм仯һ
һᣬ˵ˣ
ҳɵĵ˵ͷһЦ˵ˣ̷ȻϿ仯ҸоõڵϢѾˣͨ˲࣬ȻѪϣǰ㻹ܹõܳױǰǸˡ
οЦЦѪ¹ڲϣ˵ѾǲеˣֻҪÿӣҾѾǳˡ
ҲһЦϵıԾЩѰ˼ž͵ҽԺȥֻȳһ˵裬̷Ķô֪Ѫҵû
㶿ãŻعѵһĭû죬ǳ˹Ҳͬкܶ໰Ҫ⣬ȾǵһҾڻǶҪҲʧ֮Ƕʱϸϸ̸ۡ
Ȼקһѣһ˫۾Ȼˮң˵̷Ľ
Īĺһۣ˵̣ˣˡ
ƺģקҵֽֽϵ˿۵ܡȻ˵ǰұܵĶҲʱǧҪҡûס
һ£һֱΪѪǱ͵֮࣬ҲΪѪĶʧŵû뵽ǣѪ꾹Ȼ蹰ͳģǻǽôһ˭ỳɵ⻰˼Ӧþ˵ûسŵӴ򿪿һΣ˵ӦþСǰģѪϢֹһεԵʣֻЩұȽϵĵǣûں֮£
šüͷҪѯʣ˭֪ȻһŮڱһҵ֣ȻģΪ·ңǻˣϾѪڣѾûвǵ
Ҳôģͬһʱ䣬ġšһҪתͷȥҺȻԼӲܶһͬʱԵڵأ
󾪣۽⿴˹ȥֲԶһϣһ׳䶯һŮ˵Դ΢΢ͷעǵһһ
շӦŮ֣һĵԶţ߶ʱһϤϤǺڰ֮Уݴֵ֮ϣ֮Ůߣһһ˹


149 ƴ
뵽ָչ˻
ûм״ʱͽæһץס죬ƺҪӵϸҺ춼ܶԼҲû뵽һŮһС߸˵Ҿû뵽ŮҲط
ʱʱͣȺǰķһǻ˼֮ǰӦòŴŮӳһΡ
żʵ벻Ŀģ˵ֻϣа취ֵ߸ŪҺ˵
Ƕ壬Ѿˡܹ˵仰ѾԵǿҪЩʲô飬͹ΪЩ
ǰŮѾԽԽˡУӸģͺ޴ǰϾǰһ·ϣŮ˵ԴǴ۸ӵӡ
ǹһᣬ˭ûһȻҺǱȵģǶҲһЩŮֲ߮ǰңһξͣһԴͷʱһ£ǵıĮ
ұΪǻǶûлֵˣòһӸͻᱻ˺Ƭ֪ǳۿ֮⣬Ȼûκζ
ǾصһᣬûãȻоǰȺЩĦЩŮߺȻóһͨһӰ߳ɡ
ҿɫЩ԰ףϻЩǱᦵʣϣӿ϶ҲùҪһЩ
վȺ֮Уûпֻ̫ɨһۣĿҵϣһ硣
ڶкܲζҪܹܶ˵͸һӣҲ벻ǻһô麰ֵġ
ܺõİһѣڣֱӾһƿڴ˵ĴžЩĻ
ɫ䣬ŶЩ㣬ƺҲ֪Լ鲻һһڵʱֱø򶡶죬˵û뵽ܹӳ
һЦְ׳壬ҪסСүŶûУ
֪Ȼǳɣϵˣ˵ʱ򸶳˶ٴֻۣǲǰƶѡ
ֱֱڿڣһᣬֽĿתҵϣ˵磬Ѫõ˰ɣֻҪǸңҾͷߣ֤Բ˺ǵġ
˫ۣȻ⣬ԭҲڴѪ⡣ǰᦣҪȫķӵһѪôֻҪٹ׽Ҳܹһ˰ɡ뵽ĳ㣬ҺȻָеЩĿĺһģֻһ飬Ҳֻһܹѳһ𣬵һʱȴܲһӣΪܲӰ룬һֿһ˾ͻḶĴۡ
ңͲ
ĶȻҲˡΪ˻ΣͷĻԼѡοǻֻʶһµء
ڵҵĻش𣬵ұŮ߿ţҲûпڵĻᣬƺҲףԸԸģĿǰϣ˵ʲôͽ͵ģô˵һһЩˡ
ʱ򣬶ЦˣЦ⳰ƺǸӡȻתͷ˵̷Ҳ˺ܺЦɣ˶Ѿ㰲źһϼҵլóˣȻЧõģܹǵķ涼Ѿ㰲ˣôмģ˵Ķ
΢΢ȻöֱȷܲʵҲΪѡ
Ȼң϶Ա˸ҰֶмˣҲҪȥı˵ĶȻֻǸͨòͨˣһôܹ֪㣬ҺͬĵطȻô˵ҺɳĻͬԵҲûô࣬ҪԼҲ֪Լʲô
ҲЩⲻȥ⻰ɫְ˼֣Ҳֱҵ۾ֻһһ¡ɾôһյȻ˼ʸһ£˳ȥ
ջعȻǼʸԼɫʱ䣬æֳԵŮһԼǰһ£ǼʹŮߵԴɫţҲŭͷ϶ʱ˺ˮ
ۿһУɫҲеĹžһµڵϣȻתͷңȻ˵̷ҪȥƴˣҪ£㻹ǵðҰҳ
ҿ飬Ȼ˵飬ǺͶƽʱЩŹ֣Ҳ֪ǰʧʱ򾿾ʲôڶȻ޶ǻ˺ǵ·ңһУҲûôԹ
һ⻰ʱ͵ҪǷĻ㶡ٴı£ҲôŮߵĶְȫ
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迴ⳡ棬ʱŵþһѪҸϵı飬ֻһײ֮£ʱιȥˣһûĵڵϡ
ҿӣǳģòҪôһͷײ˹鷳ɡҪƴĴҲ̫һЩ
۾ƺҲû뵽ȻôҲһ΢΢һᣬſڵһΪˣæ߶˳վԱ߿һۣǾŵ顣
ҿ⺦µķӦ֪һʺɱ˵ˣǰҲû˭ʱκ˶Ҫŵöֶ࣬ûж£Ҫӵת״
հѶʱʹסˣҲһҿѪͷһܴĿӣ˫۽ţһûϢؿڣ·ȻùĹҵģԣֽ·ƿһƣһ£һɫߣѪڣһ¾ͳҧ˹ȥ
ûϵ飬ն㿪һˤеĹǵҲһԣͷ亹еע˶ǰɫϡ
Ҳû뵽ϴҲֻһԴߣȻӶѾˣŶЩɫۣ·һת֮䣬һɫڶϣ߰ԴŻɫ۾ţֱǰ


150 С
׶νƴָʲôǳװԼײιȥûʶȻȥϵҪǰӻԾˣȻ϶Ҫö࣬ʧȥʶͬһʱ䣬͸ˡ
ﻹ̲סģ֮ǰ˵ֻ֮һܹţ߼ȻˣԸԸȥ˭Ҳ˵׼ҪһֱôԾȥԺ󶡶ǲǻôһֱѲ
µҲûʱЩڵϣԱˣһ˫۾ֱŶϵĴŵö˶ӣŵúܴ󣬰ڳһĵطS߽͡ǰơ
岻Ҷֻб۾һ̵ĹǵѣƺΪܹסߵĽ
ɫ˵Ҫǵߺ͸˼һͳҧ˹ȥ
һҴææҲ˲ϹǵˣͷͳŮȺ˹ȥ߾ͺҵԼĿһŤţ׷ĲȺ֮УЩŮѳߵǰж׷𣬲סĹֽţͶѾŤˣƺҪַߺ˻ȥ
߾Ȼȫ£ǰһܣֱһҧǰŮϣŮһβһ¾סߵӣŬҪֹǰжܵŮҲһ³ſھҧϡֳӣһһŤһ
վȺ֮ƺߵĶֹסһĿתߣҪ֮߱ڹѪӡ
ûãЩסߵŮߣȻûӶյģ̱ڵϣҲûжһ¡
֪߾綾ޱȣԶŮ߿Ტ۵ģѳȻ˿ڶЩȻȫŮߵ壬΢΢һ£ʱͳ˹ȥ
ɵˣ߳Լɱһܵ뷨ûСߵٶȿˣŤ£βͳǰһɨѾǰһͱ߳һԴſͷҧȥ
Żˣʱ̧˫֣ץסߵĲȻԼҧһڣҲһ±߰ڵأ֧ŲԼҧء
ҿǱߵоΣ֮Ҳû뵽ԼǰڵģתۼԵǶҪΣöࡣǿӣһϣɫܹȡʤǲܵþȣͬʱֲϣͺǰЩĿģ˲žЩѹͲ̡
ǲģҶ˵ȫֻܹͣĬĬš
ԵǣһˣӵڴϸĴ߿ոռһᣬϹҲߵѹùǺת۾ûˡ׼˻ᣬԴ߸һƾҪҧ£Ѿ۾ڿоȻޱȡ
ʱҺȻһ˱ŭĴߣһ䣬סڣ
ɻ۾ŷ߿ڻûҧƺҲ󺰵ֻԴǰŮߵǿ¿˹ȥ
ͬʱһǱ߿һۣ˺ѷεĺһ˵֣
ұͻıŪԺˣתĿ⳯ǱһŷС˲֪ʲôʱˣվ£ܻǣֱ߲ס˵ҪҶҶһ£Ҫ෼ͮ
ԴŴͳС˻һ˵˻𣬵ҲֻǷһЩɳƵˡ
һ⻰ҶʱоѣС˵ǳѾҸеˣ˼Ȼ˵̫̫ϣ
ʱ賯ǰһ΢΢ָ̧Сˣµ˵Ǹյĵܵܰѷͮˣ
С˿һۣһߣȴû˵ϣһ˫۾һգգĶߵĶ
ʱιھǸŮ˵Ļ漴˹Ů˵и˺;̫̫ۣų˼ݵ顣ԭǸˣȻСˣҲϢǴȥһеĿģѵΪܹõѪ𣿿ѵҲ֮ܵô
룬ͻȻ˱ڣǰǼСһ棬ѾСĻϲ⣬һԵ̫ˡ
СˣȻ˵ʲôԷڿⲻֻΪ˺ļٻѡǸӣС˵Ҳⳤģȫ˼һףֻû뵽ΪѪܹ꣬ô˶ǣС˺·ңһĿģû׼ҲΪ
ȻǶһ֣ȫǶʶҸⵣģ֪ǲǻᰴС˵ҪǶѹԼĸΪߺֵĹϵСҲɱˣҲ֪ʲô
ˣеעߵϣһУڳ˺ҧȥ
ҿóСҲһţһ˫۾ߣϵƤⶼڲһۣȻתͷֱűԼѹµȻһ飬ſھҪҧȥ
ｹѣַֻС˷Ľкһ߿ڿҪϣԮ
ǧһʱҺȻԵһ죬ûӦʲô飬ת۾ͼߵӵɳȥںԶĵط
Ҷһƣ־Ȼǹ˳Ҳ֪ôһһǰǶʲôطֱһͳ壬Žײɳȥ
󣬹ȶűƿСӳһģ
һ仰Ҳû˵ֽӵϷϵ·Ѿˮ͸ˣŬһᣬҲ˵Ŭãǿֱӡ
Сûк˵һ仰תͷ߿һۣߵߣӸµĿңҴϿģҲ֪ʲôƽֻЦݣȻмİĸо
û˵漴𶡶ԵĹǵѣұΪὫӽͺҲôһ
СûôĿ࣬ȻǵѷԼڱߣһ漴𣬵Ƿǳݣ϶ʱɫһ䣬˵ʲô
һ䣬æתͷȥСǿϣסǵŮߣȻصһ£һͷݺײ֦ϣʱˡ
һͻȻԼܹˣû̴ӵΪҲСô˼ѾһΪʲôҪǡ
Ҳһ㣬ɵɵԭأȫ֪СҪЩʲô


151 
Сûиǿǵʱ䣬սйǵѣٶȷڴһֻǵô̶죬ţܵŮ߶ȴǳǣǷ׷תȥСˡ
Ů߷ֳһȺΧסһȺСȥС˵ɫͱˣͷҪܣٶȸȲŮô졣ھŵĴУСԹСͲûж࿴һۡ
Ů߸ոսΧסʱſҡҡڰڵģϵؽл˵·ĸһ㣬Ƕ߻벻ŲѣæֽԼסƺԼһ񷢳Ů߸ס
ҿĿɿڴѵСϵĻᣬʵǹ˼ǵģʱ׼ˮ
ǣСǵѴӴ߷£תͷŹһˢһǰҷӦһţһ¾ͽС
̧вϻţɹӸӲŪֽŷʹ͵һᣬֻоһȣʱ»ȥ˳֮Уݺײ֮ϡ
ҹ˲ʹæֱӣ۳һͼҲӵǳҪС˹ȥСѾϵˣŹǵѣͺŵһذһˢһֱֱָ죬˾ôű˴ˣеӲ
һ룬Сſˣ˵꣬һʲôҲˣû취
ֲʹ˷ȭͷСֱӳ˹һȭˣȴСϴ˹ȥֱˤС
С۾ûգһ£תӣǵѣǹǽڲβһͷݺݳϴȥ
ֻʹƺһǹǵѲϣѪ˳ŵеĿռ˳ʱҲģҪȥСϧȥãСܾãȻ̾˿תӲǣֱ˹֮С
ϳûһֻۣ͹һ䣬صġһʱǰʻȥҪ뿪ط
ں溰һҵ֣˺ѷΣתͷһۣڵϣһż쳤ӳҴţֻվԣУָӵ
ǸƹֵȻһҺСͬʱŹսǵĵطȥͿǺڰ˱ڼƵ׷˹ﲻһϲСԵ÷ö࣬Ű˱ڣŹ˵һ䣬ٶȿЩ˦ǡ
ǵٶȼ죬ǹμ٣ʼոǺ档˱ɫأ;֪вСٴѹͣձܿһᣬͳôĲӡ
СûЩվڳ󣬽Ҫƴ׼ƿŷҲһӡҲûнҷϡ
ⳡ׷֪˶ãҲƹ˶ٽֵͺӰƬ׷ץһܵУҲŷ־ҹܿ˵ӰӣǾͺǰһڽϺҵЦţ͵ǰҲ޲ֻ΢΢оһģӶѡ
СҲʶôֻͽͣкһߵ棬׷İ˱ڣֺȻ㶵ҶһȻͳһлֻҲҵǸ˵кֶܶ
Сһۣһҡ˱ڶʱüͷϣȻ󲿷ֹĹ궼һȥˣѪ֮󣬻Ҳɢֵֻ֮ϣɻЩػصεţСһ죬Ǿͺ񱻿һ׷׳ŵ˳ȥ·ҪԼǰеĵ·
ȻǶЩͨ꣬ǶԵԣг˲СϰʼǿЩӰ¶Ĺֽ࣬ǵĵ·ȫҼ˱ڳһʱǰ㣬һ¾ͣסˣǴԭزܼǰֻ۰Ͱ͵ǽнԶⳡ׷˲Ż˾㡣
ۿûָˣһԵ֮ϣһԼſСʵ˵㵽ΪʲôҪôǲ𡭡
΢΢һ£漴ͷһۣƺЩ̵ûתͷܿҵߡһҲûлشֻǾߵǰ۾˵ȥȡҵ塣
ֺӦһһƫƧȥˡΪСὫԼһصĵطŷ֣Ǳ˹԰ͤһ˯˵ӣ򵥵ģûκηĴʩ
³ȥ֮󣬲Ŵӹٶ˻ҾͺץסһողǸյĶͷҾһסӣץͷᣬͬʱýŲıϣá
Ъ˹ĴղЩΪĿʲôҴû׹СЩĶЩ飬ҷǳܡ
Сûб飬ҽקסͷʼûк߳һûлشңҲûпңֻۿǰǸһĳᣬͺһûиһ
ҿӣ֪Ϊʲôϵˣ΢΢ͷڵһţӶ˽ȻŪҵͷıϱҲסĵطĿ߮Ŀһۣͺʲô鶼ûзһĹ˵һ䣬߰ɡ
ƺܹԼԥһᣬšŶһĿڰ֮УҹĻ֮£ų⽥нԶ
ҷ·ʧȥһһɢڵϣҲ֪ʲôС˵һ仰
Ҳ֪Ҫȥ˳ǺһСԹ˵ٶһЩɡ
ӦҪ󣬼˲٣СȻ⣬ֲϵĴߴһᣬ˵㣬㡣󣬹ٶȼ˲еʱҪ϶ˡ
ǾôƵ·ǰУֱɫ·һСʱС³Щʳʹ˿õĶԱߣһӺˮɴ֮Ķǰ˼ҳԼϵ˿ڣҲ֪ôģһֱۣӳ˹ȥ
Сһ£˿ңֿǹһԵİӣȻֽĻҳȻҧһڣ׽
ǳųţҺȻ۾һܿ챻ָȥˡǸӣȻӿһɱſڣ˵ʲô־жںʼû˵һ仰
ҳĬˣȴȻС˵̷֪ͦҵģ޵ɡ
̧ͷһۣȴûпңֻǿŴ⣬·ӡ
˵㲻ɱңҲ㲻һֱҪ֪ҵʲô㻹˽ĻҿԸ㡣
΢΢˵Ϊʲô˿ԣͲ
һ£ƺû뵽ҿڣֻ⡣һӣһתͷң˵ҲΪǶ㲻֪ҵְɣҵͽ޳


152 ְ
˵֣Ҷ߸˵ھô˵ּ֮Ѿӡҵĵף޷Ĩļ䣬ȴƲȷһ㣬ظһ飬˵ʲô
Сǰ˵ƶʱûˣһ㣬ſйâȴͷȥ
ӵվߵǰֱַץסļҡ˵𲻿ڰո˵޳ֻɺϣ壡
Сżһҡţһֱҿңֱƺܲˣſڵԣǽ޳ǹ޳ҵ֣ҲҰְֵ֣Ҽ汲֣
˵ⲻܣ֡
ı쳣ͺҪе⼸仰˵һұͲϵˣҲκιҵϢûлϣûסǼ⣬ûʶˣԼ֤ҶֽŲǿŪһϧϢҲǼٵģҲ˵ҾͻȻˣ˭Ҳ֪ϻô˴ڹ
һʱûŪ˼㶵ΣŲȷŵ˵ѵһʼʱ򣬾׼ӽҵ𡭡
СһɫЩ죬һ£˵ǣ֪㲻ˣĻνɺϣҴûԼ㣬Ҳû뵽֮󻹻ᷢô飡
˵ɺ֣ЩԺˣҲΪһжɺϣҺСʶһֱͬѧ;̫̫ʶ·ңһ·չһһǱ˿ⰲţѾõģһʲôɺ֣
Сᶨ·ͺҲһ·ϵܹע⵽ҺСĴڣƱػЪ˹ĺ
СַһΣĵ£ɫΪʹ࣬Ĭ˺ܾãŸ˵һμҵʱֻΪǸ˶ѣͺܵʲôԵʱкСĸʻԶ壬һƼ״̬ʱһʱĺ⣬׼һȥֻû뵽Һ֮ĽԽԽ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôȻڲûбֳҪ˺ҵ˼Եһ棬ȴСԶһЩֻվĲ棬һξ룬ʼûпȥС̧ͷһֳۣĬĵͷȥ
лӿ㶵óתţȻһᣬ档
ֺĿڣ˵ʮʱҰְ͸ҵҼһʼһֱڼεСʱΨһܺһģǱҰְĹꡣҺСе㲻ͬǶڹһ࣬Ҵû¹ϰ˰ɡ
ûпڣҲ֪òЩʲôȥվһԣͷ
СᵽС͸׵ЩʧĻǣȻ͵ضĵص㡣⣬ûκˡӣģҲϰˡʮһǣһС˷ܵĲ˯žΪֹһεĿŸøлӡͷĽֻǲһҲûףµҲں׵Ͼƽ飬ѾĽޡ
Ҳǵ˺Сףʵνļ壬ûѪԵϵɣǾͺһҲ֪ʲô֮һָӦ֪ʲôطиʲôˣҪһһУıʶʲôӦðæģʲôǾԲܿġȵѧڵһУôһ죬֪ԼҪ뿪ȥ紳
С֪Լĸ˭Ҳ֪Լĳ·ǵϴҴһ⣬СνĸףһһѧϰֱѧһУõл֮󣬾ͱ˹¼ҹһ
ڤڤƺиһʲôĵ·ƽվһ˯ڹ԰߻ĵأ˾ȥ͵̵Ķԡӳ˺̵ܶʱ䣬ֱһζһ͹ʱ򣬾ĪķԼڴ˶һǮ·񱨳һҲ֪Ǯ˭ģҲʡֻЩԼ
ǰĲ²⣬СǮӦþΪ£ı꣬Ȼôе֣ǹҲҪʹܹȥͺիصЩ£һÿÿİ˹֣յĻǮԪһЩһ
СЩ꣬ôһģ˹ǼⶫȤСһʱͰѹԼĴߣֻǲ룬ͳΨһѡ
˵Ҳ֮ǰԼڹ԰ͤӣûй̶סҲûп԰ԼػˣôݲݴҲǳ¡û׼һȥͷԼѾˡ
ôţֺȻЩҲǧһ˵Ǻǻƺû۵ʸ
С˵ܶ˶ˣǵһӻͷҴһԼһŷЩעġ
ֻ벻ף޳ʲôϵ̽ԵĽɻʳ
С̧ͷһۣ˵̷Ϊ޳ôģΪ˵֣Ϊʲô޳Ϊ󣬲Ϊֹ»ԹֻҪһǾͱˡ
΢΢Ȼ·۵֧㡣ǻţȴƺ磬ҲѳѰĹ֡ͺǾϻ˵һڤڤ֮УжǾǱѡˡ
µ˴𰸣ֻûпڣСȻЦһҲû˱ܻ䣬ֻһͻ޳Ϊ񡣻һְٹĽĴڣǼȻΪ񣬴ǸʱʼҾͳû˵кʶģ飬ǰչĹִУǣҲᱻɱ
ȻѾף⻰С˵ԺЩܲˡ޳£ûƤ͵ɣĹֱ࣬ǻȥˣǻȥ﷢˲ͬѰ£ͺұһҲִ
û˵УֻԼһ׹£ֻؾЩʲô벻ףСûҲ˵
Ȼ֪׹һҪ޳ĨɱĴڣɼȻˣ벻ףСΪʲôҪôΣҳĬһᣬڣЩʲô
ĨһѣƺҪԼһЩûпңǿһ۴ǰеĵ·ãһ˵ڴȥǣľµĹ޳ҵġΣ


153 
ҲΪʲô⻰ҾȻһ㶼£ȻеЦȻڣҪȥǸطʱлף޳ʱֺαض־ҡôһȦ
Сۿң˵̷ôҲǸ˰ҲԼĶҲԼˣҲôԼˡ֪ÿοͶһ𣬲ϵҪȥıĿǰ״ʱʲôǰǲںģʱˣҺȻеĽǣΪңʲôһģҸӲˡ
۾Ĭû˵ҲֱˣжѳҸⲻˡ
Сһĭһᣬ˵̷Һģ֪ɡ
ɳĬ˵Ҳһ£¹£޷ѵʱҲֻ̹Ȼܡ
ֻҲСΪʲôͻȻôһ仰⻰˼˵ôܻĻҲ߸˵Һ޲ͺһΪô£ҺȻΪ˻ţʲô鶼ĳģͺһһһΪģҲֻǻ
СĻȻһתЩԺ
˵ϣǸ֮⣬ûܹദôʱ䡣һһ£ʶСʼһ·ͬУ¡˵ͨޱȵһ飬ϣȻԵݳ
˵ΪƤ׷ɱ飬֮䣬ҲǼͷĽ飬ʱˣټ棬˴ҲͲʶˡһҪ˽ЩˣҲǸϣ͹ƵʱҪţϣܹԼһѣתһȦŷ֣ԼʶκһˣΨһܹ뵽ģֻмҡ
ƤʲôĹ֣ö࣬ϣѵˣΣʱðô
ֻȻϣ˳ҵϢ˹ǣҾȻͬǰȥæǳ죬ʱͻȻһͷҪ˽һʲôˡ
֮£ҵʱ뷨ûСôӣֻΪԼĹϵСҲɱ֮ЩζѡҲû뵽ǴһϿʼͳΪǹϵת۵Ļ㡣
Сӣ˵̷ҲھöˣЩоһӶǸϵ飬ȻûͣǸʱҲ֪ԭʱĿԲںԼġҲ
Ҳ֪ýʲôĵЩ̫ˣҶ֪οڣСҲûеһشֻ˵֮һ飬ĽӽǡʵƤֵʱСѾѾٶԼвҲ֪ô£ԭҲ˵̫أɵԺĴʱͺıǾܾһ˸·ңǼĽڣߡ
С˵Ҳ˵ʲô˼ͺ񱻹һĻѻ֪˵ˡҵǣûоܾȻ
סԺʱһӣСǳһʱ䡣һһ£˵ǶӸģΪ춼һµӡСͬԺʹûкͻһദôʱ䣬ÿȥӻŶ͵ܣ˵档Ҳ֪ʱһ˶ڷҡ壬ҽԺЩͨĹϳȥǿҵĲЩ飬Ҳڲ֪ģ±Ǩ̸ĸܣȴǰˡ
Сͺ˻ϻһſ˿ڣͣǲ֪Ϊʲôҷǳϲգ·ڲЩңԺǾҲûлһ
˵ǾȥǵʱҲ֪Ǹᷢʲô飬ʱӣǲ統뿪
ͺ´½һҺͶ治ѣԼҲܲȥͲֿζģÿմڸ֮䣬ӭһ꣬ǡ
С˵ͻȻЦˣͷЦԵЩˣϣҲ͸һ˿΢ϵ
˵𳵵ʱȻһۣ˵̷֪ôǻҵһ𳵣ʼŵҪ֪Լ᲻ʲôЦ֣Ҳͦ򵥵ġ
ֱĸоȴԽԽǿģͺ˵г׾ܹӴ飬˵ģǲġȻҵʱվĽǶ룬ǳζ
ҵڻĻŮߵʱ򣬳ȥ¥һβ˵СǵһκǲսȻֱŵģŮһ취ҲûУŪöǰǸʱȻʱ
Ǵл·һкеһУҲǱĬĸıˡ
ʱҺȥ˵£СֲĸоȻûڶǰֳҲڵŻᷢʲôµ顣Ȱ뿪ɵһǶ׷ġ
޳ֵʱСǵһоˡȻҲһɺܿµϢ˵ȻֻСǸоһ̿ʼ̳ŵص׳˽
ԼоˣɵǸײĵķ䣬޳Ǿ޴Ӱ֮ųˡ
ְԭӦòֽ飬Ҳ˵Ϊʲôʶͳл壬ʶĳҴ޳о˳
һһУ⸴ӣСҲĬһᣬ漴ЦЦ˵̷ҵʱԼôģǺˣ飬ͺ񵱳ڽ¥һΪܹߣҲֱԼвƤʱֻҪôһͷҪɣǾͻȥȥƴ
˵˵žЦˣû뵽ʵǶʱĶദԼѾǵˣû뵽ˣҲܹѵġ
˵һ룬ɫȻһͷȥڣҲ㲻˰ɡ
ûлشӣ֪Լ޷ΪʵĵӦҲһİɡ
һᣬ죬̧ͷ˵ʼղ˵ףһӵص׵ķȥֻʣҺ޳һʱҺһʽף
΢΢üͷ֪ʲôʱʼҾȻЩʣȻԼҲ·ң̷йЭ顣ֽףñ˴˵Ĳ
ҴһᣬĿڣʲôס
ңɫĪƺѿڣβżѵ³˵ҵ


154 ı
ҵ۾һΣûڻرܣ˵ϣƺҲףҺ֮䣬Ѿûлˡ
ֻ벻ףʱ£Сͬ޳ֽ׵ġС˵ʱڵصף޳ûѡĻᣬȻҴ֮޳ĹҲֹͣˣҪ
Һܲ죬ѵ޳Ҳǻ˵˻
Сҡҡͷ˵Ȼ˻޳˼ֻʱҲףƾ޳㲻飬ҲûĿܡȻɻ󣬿ۼл붼û룬ֱӾʹӦˡ
ҲΪСллصܳԭΪԼһ˵ҲֻǸ֮ƣ޳׷ʱһΪ޳Ѿµ뷨ǵӳлʱףʵ޳ԼĴ㣬Ϊ޷лǸΧ
˵΢΢һ£ȻͲеĵһеĸԴлſڵŮϡҽ뷨˵˳СҲûзϣֻǵ˵ͷ˵Ů洽޳ķΧǴ˵еģͳ֮ĸڵģӻ˵ĴڡȻЩǳҲܵá
СȻлãӹһΣºģ˶ǲѣֻʱͻȻֳ־飬ܵĴСѡ˳Ĭûн˵
Ҳ֪һ˻ôܣЩӣͦġΪͳʱҲһվĪİοʹĻмΪǵΪһ̸ҼǰĶ
ǵǻصȥС㷲ĵ죬ûκι鷢ʶԼһô޴Ĵ
˵ָعǰ˵Ļŵ飬˵ͱͺ㿪ҪȥͱǰȥԸ޷ĳŵһֻܵһĵ
СǼʱ֮ڣÿ˯£Уῴ޳վԼǰеϣɥƾҪӣҲǵþжٴδоѹϵﶼˮ͸ڴϣһҹһҹ˯ţףԼôβγɹףһӦ֮ʱȴģҲֻһĽ֣޳Ļᶼûˡ
һֱ֪飬һÿ춼Ҽ˵ˣҾȻ˿ûз֡
ҲԼôģͻȻһ˿εĸоΪڻЩע⵽飬ǰǶͬͬǻȥԺ󣬼ֻжˣС·һ춼ֻڼһֱûҪ˼ôı仯Ҷûȥһ䡣
ҳĬһᣬֻʱΪʲôЩ顭
С΢΢ӣĿת⣬ԳЦһȻƽѣ˵ʱͶȫ˼־ϣæòӰʱ˵ô
ȷʵΪ־鷳Ĳѣô飬ͷȻֻһաֻʱȻûע⵽Сĵطע⵽ˣǸˣ
ڼҵʱԶװһµӣƺΪԼᦵݣÿն磬ֻǺ˵ʱܹǿһЩǿЦҲһΪΪ뿪лϵĽ꣬ϾҲֹ֪̫ۡҿʱ򣬶ٶᰲο䣬ϾҴǰҲеĵҪѰ
ֻĽǵǣҲֻһϷˡ
С쳣ʼӽȼνĴͼСǵĹϵƺ֪һЩС飬ڽԼͼ¶ҲȷСᱩ¶Ŀ
СȻûоů˲ɵʱҾģ˼ˣҲ̽ԵģŪҪѪôһĿġСû̻شֻǴӦһ¡
ǰһֱЩ֮УСϵܵһô鷢֮ÿĶĥ֮£顣
˵Сתͷ˵̷֪Ǽʱ䣬жÿһ죬˯˻ţƺҶûһӲȥЩ顣󣬵һУҪʱһϣҲ¶˾ġ
ʵţֻһƶ鷢չѣСҪôΪѾôֻǹĹϵ˳ٳٲܺѡôţЩʧ
С˿ҵɫȻ˵̷ڴϣһֱ˵Ļ˵ʵҴûΪĻһġĿѪ꣬ĿҲѪ꣬ǿѪˣֻһܹõҲϣǸ㡣ҲȷʵΪĹϵŵһȥǵˣΪԼܷҧһڣǵһҲһмܹӹǼΣ
Ұ˰֣û˵ȥСĻˣЩΪܹһ
Եڶ죬ǴĹػصԺСɳϵң֮ǰһֱΪҺ֮ǰһ̸ڲףֻһƭֵĿʼѡ
Ҳû뵽뿪֮󣬲ûеլȥǵ˾ǣСҪûзùȥĵط
Īһͺʲôһֶһ£һͷģ
С΢΢ûֱӻش𣬳Ĭһᣬ˵޳Ҫϰ¹ȺɱҪõлֶ
ˣҪѪҲûˣȻҲͬô
С˵ͷ˵˵˵С˵⣬һѪ̶ֵ̳һ˲俪ʼͻѪĳʶУֻ޷ȷһѡҲͬҵķҪϾ·ŵ·ӵʱ˾ͻѪһΪ˶ϵĺ·Һȥլǰյ
⻰оЩףðС˵ӣôȫͺĲһ˭Ҳû취ȷѪǲǻûʶأû׼ҵҹѾûˣοǰ˱ڴһġҼ״ѾǵˣС˻治ֱµˡ
С˵̷̫ССˣȻͦɵģǶ⣬ҲԼֶΣҪǣκˣ˽裡ܹ˳˼·ȥ⣬û뵽飬ǹӣ϶Ҳǿǹģܲ׼һ·Сôŵģ


155 ʵ
С⻰޵С˱Ͼܣ˴һ𳤴ˣԶĲ˵ҺȽϣԷһǾܹԵ뵽һҲܹ³ԷЩʲôһ
ôһ룬Сƺӹ߾̫̫ʼѾһƣǣʶ·߰һһǵ̽һ¾ֻ߱漣֡
Сͷ˵̷ǵðɣǵһڻ죬ʵǴӾǳС˼棬س̵;Уǡñ϶ѡʱǳţԼСı¶˲취˻𳵣ŵĹǰһصǴȥ
Ǽˣڲ֪У߽С˲µľ
ΨһһλصϼңΪջͶ·ʱܹѡΨһӻϳ׸Сµģлǽǣαװæ뿪˴ߵģΪȷܹǸС˻Ϊ׼һݴ񣬾ǵͷȮ뷽跨Ľȥ
ȷٵϢ󣬻Żؼңֻû뵽һһֻǰΪ飬ҲὫߣȷܹڹڵ֮ǰ
ɵǷֻһ˵ʱһ˲䣬Ҳһ£ֱСȷ·ңǰȥңһ
ҲͬʱС˷һǳõĻᣬҲڣŮߣŶϮȥһҾǳ׹Ԯˡ
ǼȻȻɻ󣬵ҲѾϼҳµ״ǣ˶æ׼ʲô취ȥϼ׷ҵĽŲûзŮߣʣµļˡ
м飬򵥣ÿһĶǣΪһСģͿɥչḶ́ⱯһֱΪʱˣµҲףηǲңС˺ˡ
ҳŴ⿴һۣɣֱ治ŵ飬Ҳ֪Ѿ˶·ǻж·̡ſţҾʹˣʲôоҲûУֻǾãһȥٲˡ
ʱ˹·ϱ۵֮⣬û
СţҲ֪ЩʲôĬ˰ΣĨһ¶ǰͷ̾ϢһӶͳһеͷȼҪͷڿУȴסн˹ԹԵš㶿һᣬµһ̡֧
ɹŹֵĳĬţһ㶼ҽҪ̳ӡֵģûҪ˼ڳϵ˻һСǱ˵Ļһƴ㶷ûˣƵҲöԷù
ƫƫЩ飬ĵͷһ㶼
мͨֱһ̼ףڵŪַ˫֮ϣһԡƲ֪˶ãźȻС˵̷вУҪңܴҶ⣬һ仰Ҳ˵еܡ
̧ͷҲң˵ʲôܵģҪң㡣
С΢΢һ£վߣҲѧҵӱ˫ȣ˵ʹôһģҰ͵ȥ
Ҳͷһۣû˵ʵҲԼҪôҲԸ⣬ܣȴҲͺǰżһҵģһСģѡһһͻҰȥɳٳٲ£Ϊ֪Ҳѡһﶼ̲סڡ
СҲ˵ͷһ˵Ҳûа취ͺʱլҰлһϣܳĹܳȻлܷҡҡЧһģֻҵû취ź˵뿿Լֲá
̧ͷͷԼĽţް޹⣬û˿⡣һᣬɻûӦĻ
ҲûңԹԵ˵ѪŮ˵ģ飬֪ץǣҲûֻϣлӳȥ˳һѡʱڳҼ񵽹ǵѵʱֻҪԸ⣬˵²ֻ֣ܰȥ޳΢һ㣬ô
˵ţ̧ͷҶһ𣬱˴˺ܾãȻظһ飬˵Ҳû취
ⷬ˼Ŵ¿ͺԼѡһ֣䵽޳ĺܲ𡭡
һ£ۿʱʪˣæתͷʹգգ۾תˮŪʧ˵Ҳ޳ҪɱΪʲôҲ֪ôԴ㡣¹һȥˣ׶༪١û׼Ҳһμˡ
̾˿·Ȼһ㣬˵ˣʲô˵ʵܲˣȥβ˯һᣬʱҡ
Сͷ˺ܳʱ䣬ġšһ䡣
Ҿֱ˹ȥںŵλϣ鷴ƽö࣬޳ǹҲԼһգҪģֻǿһ죬ܿҪˡ
Ҳ֪Լ˯˶ãϾӽһһҹû˯ˣǱСĳŪѵģ۾һɫѾǷǳܿյֱӣŷԼϵ˿ڶѾˣܶƿԵĵطѾ
СûˣֻվڳͷŹ˵ôôô͵ˣô͵ˣ
һһƵĴţعֽУǳίӡתͷһԭѾ˾ǴˣЩҹޱȣѾûһȷʵ˯˺ܳʱ䡣ٶƽʱѾˡС˺ܶ࣬в룬ϣԽܻʱԽ𡭡
Цһ£ȻųһСͷһۣϵıֱ䣬˰죬ȴ˵ȥϻˣ
εĵͷ˹ȥʣھͽȥл»ͨ·ô
СĬ˰죬˵УֱӴЩѿĵܵľ
ҡŶһҪҰɡ
ҡҡͷ˵ã㲻ܡ
һ䣬ƺڶʲôСתӣͳŹ˳ȥҲæĽŲһ߳ҹϰϰоЩ΢΢䡣ǾֱлĲȥӣ;˭û˵һ仰еԣѾڳϾͽһ
ƬǰϸһۣŮԭ겻ֻԭȵǽں͵涼Ѿȥվǰŵλ¿ܿײľ׵λáĴ·Ⱥҵĵ


156 ʬ
Ƭ棬ܱ¹յúȻԾԵû谵ö࣬ɶƽûһ㲨ôһᣬҿС˵ֻҪҹȥˣ԰ɡ
Сĵ˵ͷ䣬Ҳ֪˵ʲôãģ·еĻ
ԵҪԵġתӣ׼ƬȥȴСһ£ң˵̷ȵȣˣȥЩܲˡ
ҵͷû˵ֻվԭأתӣʱĵ·ŵڴĹȥ
Ǹ߳ʮಽȻתӣ˹һקסҵ֣лҵУ˵ڴ㣬ҵ
ҿелһۣССͭ壬б䣬Ȼӿһů⣬ս֣ͷЩᣬǶһȥʮа˾žͻˣңңʲô˼
Ҳ֪ΪʲôǿסԼȴɵɵЦһ˵ҳһ٣
С˵ͷҲЩ˸Уһ˫۾ֱֱң˵ҪҰԼŸ
һ䣬ٶתӣһһŴȥûסһ֣ŵɽ֮Уʱص
ĽŲһ£ûлͷֻ΢΢һȻӿ˲Ŵ˳ȥûһᣬʧҵ֮С
ʱƺһжѾ¾ˡһתǷ˿һᣬȻֱŵŶϱȥ⳯µĶҪ࣬üûվȣһˤЩǽ֮ϣֽϺܶطЩࡣ
ʹһֱ£ܹǶľ׷УܳûһשǽԭȰŵĶʮ˿ڹײģѱѹòˣȴΨֻһڶľףһ仯ûУһƬۡ
ĵ˹ȥײǰЩɫ·¹£·ɵĺӹײĿ
ҵ뷨ȥӦǸʬأô֪һжʬﶪȥû׼涼һ׹۵ľ󡣸ߣϴα޳лĴʬҲѾˣ֮ǰСʱҲͺǰһǵʬ嶼Ͷŵ˹ײȥ
Źײ￴һۣڵǣҸʲô취ȥ˵ĸоףҼûҲôˤҾҪҵܹסӵĶͺ֮ࡣǿһۣһƬľ󣬸ûпõĶ
ţȻоľҡһ£ȻΪԼĴͷ濴һᣬոմȥͻȻһ춯һûӦȻһӶľ׵µĺڰ֮˦˳ֱӻҵĲϣһɴ͵һקһȣŶľֱˤ˽ȥ
һµǺڰ֮УǰںһƬʲôΨһĸоһֱ³·һûе׵Ԩһ
Ҹ֪˶ãʱĸѾģˡֱҵӣءһײڵϣͣһʹĸоûС
ӵǰǺںһƬûпЩνʬ壬Ҳ治ֲܷͬѰģǲҲϵƺ֪ܳͷʲôط
ҴӵվãȻĳһۣûѸƶֻǵ͵͵ķһɸоͺڿյɽһ̻صҾطûж󣬿ǻܣȴпǽһ
ǳûеףİĻһΪʲôӲ֪ĸͻȻܳһֱţĵġ
һ»ϵһѣûз϶ҲôҰסҵģֻŵϵһ·ǰ߹ȥ
ҲԼ˶ã·ûоͷڵϵһֱڻ룬ʱ䳤ˣקҲЩۣ;òͣЪϢһʱ䡣
ڵϣӷɿתţڵе㲻ԾϴҲŵײıϣ޳ͳӸֶ̧ͣҪҵڣȻţ֮⣬û쳣ĵطҪҲ޳ӰӡҾͺ˹ؽһΧܴķˣҲһӶ߲ȥ·ڵͽ̡
һᣬԼҪЩʲôЩҲãʹ㣬ܱȴʱһһȥҵͷܲ˷ĺá
һһ¿㶵Слû׼һ죬޳Ҳҵҵλá
ҽУ̽Եһҡʼʲô鶼ûзҾҪʱҺȻһӿڶߴ
ֱ仯Ҿţһ٣ҡƷһԽԽܹоӿĸо
ûãҺȻܹǰһССŷ֣ܵĺڰʵһ̳һ㣬ȻҡĽ࣬һһɢǹԽԽ󣬺¹һ㣬ܵĻյ
վл·Žڴ̧ͷűϿһۣһɽضԲεģĵϷǳƽаŵĶͷϷǽ͵ڣҵȱڶҲ·ľƾճһطƵġ
ȥŷ泤һֱӵɽͷһҲһ۾ܲΧĴСʵڲԼôطתôʱ䣬ûҵ·ûײǽȥġ
ЩȻæһվǹĵطȥȻоʲô쳣һᣬͻȻҺǶڵľ룬Ȼһ㶼ûбԭöԶڻжԶ
ҡҡͷ۾ﻳ̫żһʱ˵Ҳ˵׼ٶǰǰĵ·ǰ֣һԭⲽһ
΢΢΢ЩȣǺܿ췴ӦͺٹҹǸҹҺͶһֱӳȥһҰ̾һĪϹǽˣ
һһ¶ʱľٶƺЩҲ˽⣬Ҽǵʱҧ֣ڵѪŻһǡ
΢΢һ£ԼҲã뵽ָڿУݺһҧʹУ˺ѷһʮָġɸ̾ЩдѪˣ˶ľĲô
Һò״ָϼһѪûǱҪ֣Ѫʱ͵˵ϡ
ţһޣɽ죬ŵһûҧԼͷ͵̧ͷһȻɽľˣԭһͷϣȻʬ壬ͲһϵĴҲһѾõòˡܿĵطֻиá


157 Ի
еʬ壬ȫĹɽϣ˵ǹңֻΪʵҲһȷеĴֳ棬ͺɹ·һЩʬ壬һһߣ·˾һ㣬Щˡһаʮ˵Ҳǧġ
ȫʲô֧ǲΪҿӣҲ֧ŵֻҪһ뵽ͷϣʬ壬˵лв٣۾עҵʱһƤʱˣһ
ұһںңסԼֽţײײĳⶴȥǵǰʱҲȻ֣Щʬĳ֣ǸйĶڣȻˣ
ⶴĹûʧҲ֪Դʲôط·еһ飬Ƿ˼ģԭе۶ȫ顣
Ҳ֪Լʲôֻ̧ͷʬ壬ֱȷǲжǿһߵǽߣ˳ǽһһȥͺҪǽҳһԴ򿪰ŵĻһһȦ߹ȴһ񡣷뷨ĿЦ
ʱôһһţɽĹʼûиıҶڽʱ̧ͷһۣȻֱס˫ȣհһƬҪȥ˼ЩʲôһͷûС
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ӶֱУҳǿ֮⣬һ취ûСҷ·ͱֻĥԼʶֱҺȻһϸ΢춯ȫ񾭽
ͷȻֻ΢Ħ󣬺ȻԽԽܼ
ҼæվַŽ㶵л壬ͷϵʬȻ񱻷紵һǰڶȫעϣȻžһһʬͺ߰㣬͵Ĵͷ
ŵһŵû뵽ֻһʼѣʤʬ壬һ߽һߣžĵ·һʬһ㣡Ҽææǽȥ뾡ܵԶһЩʱ䣬ǰͷʬ壬ѶѻѨ֮ڡһѹһ·гЩɱòӵһ㡣
Ҳ֪ôһ¡ӻûת䣬ͿЩʬ嶯ֽ΢΢һ£ס棬µʬ֮ϣһһٵվ
ҽŵĴҳһҲԼҡԺ󿴵ЩΪֺڰ֪ԼҪԵʲôֲ顣
ЩʬֱӣЩѾõֻʣһ߹ͷЩ֫ûУ½վӸˡ
˲ûԴʬ壬ﱣõһЩƺ֮ǰ޳лĴһʬ·ûͷܹǰһһһתңƺûԴעһ
վԭһͬŵǣʵ벻ҪЩʲô
ûãǺȻתӣƵģŶѨһ˹ȥ·жĹһ㡣תͷȥķһŷɽǸڲ֪ʲôʱͻȻˣǰʬôһһųڵһϮ˹ȥ
ԥһ¸ôźã˺ܾãŲǳǳ˹ȥ
ҼЩʬ屣ͬٶȣߵ̫죬ҲͺҪװ֮еһԱһ;ʱмʬתͷңҲתͷǣҲǽ̫̫ȻʶǵͷкһЩʬϱһ仯ûУôһᣬȻתͷȥҡ
ǸǰʱҲŷǹߺ̵۾ȫѨЩʲôָоͺվڶľϣײµһ
֪Ҹո߽ǵ֮УϵȻһһϿʼ󾪣æתͷȥȻͿ޳վɽһͷɫӰԣ·޷ƮһĸоӵһͷקС
ɫ۾ңû˼ҲûУƺϣ뿪طֵǣҲͬûнȥֻ·ԼʶյԽԽҴһӵڵϣϵĿ֪Ϊʲô屻׹棬Ȼ޷ʶҲԽԽģĵȴһůĸо·궼ԾҪܳϴһ
ֻϧû೤ʱ䣬ƲһӣһʶҲʧˡ
Ҳ֪Լ״̬˶ãɵҽѹҺȻоµĶЩģǰôӲ΢΢Ųһ壬ȴԵĸоԼϻűӣȫ벻ףھȻһŴϣ
Ҹף͵һͷʹӴ۾һʱɫûдĲãһ㶼İҾȻԼķԼĴϣҼլ
ãȻǰһУﾪޱȣֳŲһѣֲϵҲˣǰϵ˿ڣҲϤˣûһ̺ۣӹǣҴŵѪ꣬Ȼˣ
ҴҴææĴӴվץһ·ϣ׼׵Ҫȥ˽Щ仯ԭʱҺȻ⴫һϸ΢ĽŲžŵ˵һֱûͣžһϤޱȵڷ⺰һСûУʱˣڲɾ͸ϲϳˡ
˵ٶʲôζ˵ŷ߹ȥһ϶Ϥס
վƽϲ·Ǹ˯ѰģңŵһЦ˵ôǿȥϴˣ˾Ϳȥɡ
㶵û˵һ仰ƺע⵽ֵĵطɻüͷ˵ôˣû˯
Ҷ˰Σҡҡͷòԣֵ˵ͷһ䣬˵ûУͦõġ
ƺЩţҲû˵ʲôֻüͷҼҶһЩתˡֻʣվڷˣ˰ΣûзӦ׷ʲô顣
ֱ溰һ͵ľѹءһ¹Ϸţž￴һۣŷģЩ仯ʱ˯߲źȦӣ˾״̬ҪǰҪ࣬ͷҪ֮ǰһЩ
ʱ򣬷ڴͷϵֻˣӵʱ䣬һֲߵ롣һӣҾɵˣѹһĪϤĸоǴһҪȥϰӣ
һֻءһµڴϣȫڵ״ǴԽصǰʱ򣬻˵֮ǰһУֻһ߳ξѣ


158 ε
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ҰֻӴʰ𣬷һͨѶ¼ûжûСҲû·ңֻĺ룬ǰһ㣬ڵ绰
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ûлش𣬲ߵߣһС˺һθڶûСֳѾһΣȫǰһʱЩһ顣һǺǰһֲ⵽ҴԽˣ˵һԤ֪δξ
ﷳƣһ㶼Բȥžһ°ѿӷϡ迴ӣ΢΢һ£˵СôˣһͲԾ
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һ㶣ôһ룬ŵ˵ʲôɵأû˯Ѱɡ
һ˵ţһ滹ҵĶͷȷûգüͷǲʲôˣ
ҡҡͷҪôڵĬһᣬҲ̧ͷ˵ҺһΣε㡭ȥˣȻҾͿʼײһеĸԴΪǶѪ׹
˭֪һû˵ֺ̧꣬Ȼһûȣһµڵϣˤ˸顣
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⻰ЩȣͺǰЩʵڵģ߸˵ʵᷢһ˵Ҳƾջ룬ķӦӦô
ƺʶԼ˵˻æεң˵εˣһˣ˵ֻĻ
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ûйǸֻǰ˵裬ǶѪأ
ҵЩֻǵЦһ£˵Ƕôûˣ˭֪ˣҲ֪ôεġˣ˵ˣ·ɣͷɲңҲúúü͸ɡ
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˵ڸһַϳȥҿһ£ǲסһ෼ͮŮˣҶ̫̫ӽ
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컹ڵ绰ͷЩϸ飬Ҳû˼ˣֱӹ˵绰裬˵ң
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ҴһѪ궼ڣֱڣûиı״һ飬ʧõĸоǳӡ
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۾ͬʱҲˣˮʱϻ˵˭ģ˭ģ֪֪ⶫģ
˵ЩҶСʱҲһҲΪʲôʱԣھͻȻˡ
һûһѽѪ˹ȥָ⣬ҳȥվû˻ߵһ䣬ŲӣȥһͽŸˣվ⣬ܹһ˵Ŀ޺
һ죬Ҳû뿪˾绰ҵҲֻҽ˵ʵûгӿһȥҪһЩˡ
˺ܳʱ䣬ֱҲûгҾͺСһǳζ˷ǲôУ趼Ų֮£ֻܽſڡ
һصԼķ䣬ڴϣҲ׽ǴǶԣҾԼģʵں£Ϊ֮ǰַչѾûˣϣô̵ʱܹıһЩ
ڴôţʶԺˡȫ֪Լô˯ŵġǵ۾ǰһУٶҸе𾪣
ֻصǸɽܵĹ΢ǰĳٶʧֻʣЩʬ壬ϵ˿ʹѣ֮ǰһĻĻӿµǣھȻڵ£ǺЩʬһɽϣͺѾΪеһԱƵģм䣬ǰң޾ʬ壡
ҿ״ױˣ֪ھ飬ڼִһ죬֪ʵ
ͺǸ˵ģׯε֪Ǻεׯܣׯεҷֱ治εǰ飬Ҵ˿ڴϣεԼɽ֮У
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ܰˣҵĺ⣬κ춯ҾͱϵѾˣϲоҲоƣ·Ҳһʬһ޳޷ӡҽֻ֣еȵɽںȻ֣һ϶׹ʱҺЩʬ壬ܹѳ½½Ӹߴȥеʬ嶼ѻһҲ֮һиоľģ·Ѿһһ
ֱӣһϰ߰ģǶڵİ׹߹ȥֻʼûлᣬʬ̤УֻҪߵϣ޳ͻͻȻ֣յϢԣȻҽһϼƽӡ
ҸоԼͺ룬ÿڼ˯Ժ󣬾ͻɽ֮У˵ʵ磬ξֻ߶һ֣Ѿϰˡ
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һֱڼҺܿϰ˵һֱԵ÷ǳʼΪÿɽеľһ߳޷԰εξȥ֪ҵľܵӰ졣
Ϊ෽һοװΪǲЩʲôÿ˯£ͷԼɽ֮Уǰ׹֣Ż
ҲΪʼղ뿪ߣø⽹ǣһҹһҹߣܶʱŷһû˯˱ԽԽ㲡
ҿǵ󣬻Ǿȥο䣬Ϊ˵ףЩ֮⣬ҸûжӰ죬ɽеʬ岻˵Ϊ޳Ĺϵ豾ٴҲǶԿˡֻʼղףǴʲôʱʼ޳ġ
ʱһһȥۿûбҲûʲô󲡣ŷΨһģѪĹϵȻ鷳ǲ񶡶ôӣΪҵźѪҺ
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֮⣬ҵյƽºҿʼоǰĵλѾزȥˣҲûзϣԺҲ뿪طլôԺĴԽԽ٣Ҫһֱó۵Ļǿˡ
˹Ҳһĺֵܣм˲æʼķӶҵġ
ÿϰ°࣬úйɣ趼ڼһȥΪҹֲĹϵҲù
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ʱǲʱŲգ֮䣬Ѿʮ֮ãżžԼŷ˺ܶ࣬ÿ˯Ժ󣬷Լɽ֮ȴǵǸģÿͬʬһֻڣѾ׵Ľɽз飬һ޷͵ξˡ
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꣬ûᣬֻǻŴСӣпѡ
һգҲһƻ赽ˣȫҵˣӣΧҵĴͷҿǣ˵ƽҲⰲꡣǵĿ۾ֱһϢʧһ㳹׵Ľˡ
ҲǸʱ͵һ۾ֻصʯ֮Уʱң˯źͬǣҲ֪ʲôʱ򣬾Ȼˮ·ԼһӾôȥˡԼߵһ˥ϣһĵ׷ӿģҲ֪һֹס
ҹڵϣһγûкЩʬһɽҿԼǰĲԶһߴİɫӰվϵ½Ʈţſɥһɫôվһ˫ɫ۾ĪȻעң·ڵȴʲôһ㡣
޷˼֪ԼһʲôĴڣֻʵѾˣɽλǼ֪ʵڵˣֻһûʧ뷨
޳ңȻתȥелһҡһ϶׹⣬·ǽϳһ㣬˽ȥҳһᣬӵվӣ޳ǵ׹֮С
âϨҲܹǰǰһȻѾͬɽ˳ǰһƬĸأԶһŵĹŷ罨ķݣֵϣвӰ
ҲɴһᣬԺĸоԽԽǿҡֻһͷǾǵԭ
޳Ѿˣϸֲַԣͺʵһ֮зǳӵľ
վ﷢Ȼһ˴ӲԶ߹ңȻһ£漴ЦһԶԶĺСֵģ֪ĸϣ
Ҷ˰Σµĵҽ̷ʲôط
ͷһҵ֣Ȼ¶һĽޱȵӣæһ˵ԭ̷ҵСүǾǴ


160 
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Ȼʱûоʹ˵ѾȷǸӾǾɣҴû뵽ﾹȻһǵĴӴڡҿЩ˵װ磬Ҳǹ˵ģмִװġ
ͷ˿ңǰС·һָ˵С磬˳·ߣǰܿһӣ˵֣ͻ˳кģͷҪȥˣ쵽ׯڵʱ򣬲ܵˡ
ҵһлţûб¶ֻ˳ָ·˹ȥԽԶܿҲԽԽ࣬ŷںһѹ¥УȻЩִӣֻ켣Уܲ۶ѡ
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һֱȥ·ˣĴһŪҺܲڣµٶȲɿ˺ܶࡣ˵֣ӾȻԵ쳣֣ӾСһխĽֵϣв˰С̯ӽַǳ
ֳǰһᣬͿһߴӣ￴ͻأĶ
Ӿͺһһ㣬ȫʺϳһվſڿһᣬȻж󡣸оͺεĳżһ
ŽţֻԱߵСţʱ˳һ¡̧ͷһִۣһҶд̷լΪԼԺˣǵԼΣɺݺݳԼһƣ۵ܿͺ
ʱҺȻһɽװģ˴С˳ԭѾԱ߹ȥˣͻȻͣӣתͷҿһۣ´һҵװ磬˵·أ࣬ǰҲû㣬ѵģʲô֣
ǸͷĻæԼ˵ˡ΢΢˼һᣬЦһ˵ȻҲ̷ҵˣֲĪмֺøС
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һ䣬ץӣŽС˹ȥæĽŲ
СŽȥһܴԺӣ˺ܶ࣬ͺŴļҶһæµţżǣᳯҸоǳ졣
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˳һ䣬˵⵽ʲôط
ͷһۣ漴ټԺӣ̷ҵĴլһģģлҡסŵģǸʱˣЩ飬Ӧ֪Ŷԡ
һ飬ʱҲǰһִԽĴڲʶⲻҴԽˣˣʵ֪Ѿ˶ãֻǿУͺһ㣬ǳ졣
ߵһе£Ŷ˵ϢҲþ죬ٴȥүڡ
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Цһ˵ƺϰ߲ҵҲܲˣû취ТҪصģү̷ҵ棬߸˵ǴǴطˣûҲûһСطţҲǵĹ͡
ԭΪ˱ǼԶĹˣһ⻰νĴүܱȰ˱ڻҪԶöࡣ˵ĻȻΪԼϣѲԼ˶꣬ﶼһ뷨õҼү̷֮лϵܣѪܣҶ֪
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˵ģǹһӣΪ˵ʵҵھᵽǸѾ˲Ǻܵңǵ˵Щ˲ǡ
˭֪ҵĻһ㾪ȵı鶼ûУֻԼ·ң˵̷һûУһΣ
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ȻЦˣ⵱ȻǸͨΣһѣˣξˣһж˹̣ȻҪעһЩͻᷢЩԼʶرܺ͹ĶҪԸ⣬һ顣
ڹ￴һʵƺľһˣоԼ˴󸻴Ҹһɵ󣬲ŷԼֻһΣʱݵģŵĻ׶û͸
ôһ˵ϸϸһ飬ŷЩĵطͺ̯ƳԼ֮ҲûἰѪ걳ĸ飬Ҹ׶һжûᵽΪǱʶĿԻرɵģΪЩԼҲ˽⡣Ҵû뵽ôʵĸо·ľ߳һӣЩϣԼľôͨͨĹһӡ
΢΢Щʧ䣬ȻطҪԵĶ
ôţ˿һۣϵıû˿ȣƺЩΪ˽һ㡣ɻüͷȷƺҲһ
Ц̷ΪôţôţȻطǾͶһġûҲкܶ಻ĵط
ڵһվطĹȻ˵ֻʵھĵͻ뷨ֻҸҪ˵Ȼоɫͺһ˲䣬̺һҲվ濴һۣ˵ʱأôȥˣ죬㣬ٴȥү
˵ţҪߣŷ֣ԺˣȻŷȥæסҪȥ
ֵĿһۣ˵ˣѵоԼҪôʱˣξҪˣЩصԼȥɡ
һ䣬˦ҵ־߿ֻһվԭأ𾪲ѡܵķݿʼҵĲ·ھһ޴ĵһ㡣
ˣҺǲͬҸо˵ЩΪһţĻţǣֻǻԼ
Ҵ磬Ȼֻһ޴ξһȺ˵ΣһصķʽΣ


161 ʬȺ
ܵķݻζԽԽש߲ϵڵϱһƬһᣬԭݻޱȵĽͳһƬ档ڲţǰģһƬĩհľԺӰգۼȫˣֻһˡ
ֵǣʲôӣվԭأܲ˿ĻζָоͺֻһͶӰһڵ֮С
Ҳ֪ǺãҪܣҲ֪δֻҵĲ׽ЩשߺȻһƺ̣ܾͺҸյ¶ľ׵ʱһڰһƬʲô
Ҳ֪ԼھʲôĵطĴһᣬ޾ĺڰ֮⣬ʲôҲûСҳţ֪ԼǲǸƶһ½Ų΢΢һᣬҪӣȻһǳǳǰƬڰ֮дͷ·һָ·ĵһ㣬ҲԾĳǸ˹ȥ
һֱûͣҲ֪Լ˶ãǽģҺȻһɫľ޴ӰӣӺڰһһ㸡ֳ޳ƮǰѰ׵ʼûб飬ֻǺҸһξ룬һζҡ
ʲôҲûֻǾĺ˺ܳʱ䣬оͺʱȻһ㡣Ȼתӣźڰ˹ȥæĽŲɲô׷ϣֻȴʼռһξ룬·ԶҲ׷ȥһ
һǰһ󣬲֪˶೤ʱ䣬޳ǰͣҿعͷζĿһۣ޴ƺȻںڰһӣǰĺڰ΢΢Ʊ紵ɢ̳һֻ˿ЩŤĺڰ޳ʲôʱͻȻʧҲֻ֪ҷӦʱǸطѾûκ˻߹ӰֻЩĺɫ֮£ƺʲôֳ
˹ȥѾֱ治ҾһʲôطΪҵţȫ޷ǰһС
ֱǰ޳վĵطֳǰһ£ŷЩ֮󣬾Ȼһ޴ʯ壬˵Ĵһ£Щֲڣú񺮶ĺˮһ㡣
ʯôߣһûκλƵΣֻһɽھķʯһ㣬ʯλ÷ǳͻأǰûκӵطĪĴ
תһһ飬޳Ҵⶫ϶Ͳ򵥣ֻһʱûʲôöѡ
о˺ܳʱ䣬ͻȻǱһƵģҺȻʶⶫƺǸšȻоϷǳΪͿյûκοͨĵطǲ֪ôģ뷨һ͸оԽԽ
ʯ߿һӣֲŶԣ֪ΪʲôģڵĻʯŵĴڣȻоҿĳС˵˵ŶͭģǸʯͷģһ޳µģô
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ʯžͷϴһƵĵطһȥĶСǳ죬ƺרŴĥһطֲڵĸоȫͬ
ҴűȻһ´С״֪ΪʲôоЩϤתһ룬͵һС״ҵϴŵѪ꼸һģһҲ֮ǰ˵ĻңǷѪĵطֻǵ˽죬Ѿû֪ˡ
ߣϴ޳׷ʱֵĵһץסҴϵһѪֻ꣬ǰȱһ飬һӣкܴĲ𣬵޳ҪҴҽԺ̬Ⱥ֮ǰȽ˵ر𣬲ûгᣬƺѪ꣬ʲô˼һ㡣
ôһȦӣȴֽطӣΪҽѪŹԭλȥ
΢΢һᣬЩ£֪ǲӦýѪȡǸȥҺôһֻᷢʲôԤϵ飬Ȼ֮ţѾԶԶԼԤϡ
ŬĻһᣬҪԼ⣬һ޳Ŀĺ˼·
ʼطʵֻСΪ˽õ壬ʬ⣬ûµľ׵£﷢飬ӦҲС˵Ԥ֮Ŷԡ
ʱ޳֣ĿѪ֮꣬ȴͨСҪҵô˵ƺҵһ벻ЧɾʲôҾͲˣҲܲȥȥ
С֮һΪҽײͻ⵽޳ĲɱôС֪һУҲ޳Ľ׶ѡǵͷеһУһֹı仯޳ûҪҵֻһһʵΣңһС
ͺ񣬸һĸо֪Щһʲô̬һҲ֪⵽ʲôãҪ飬ҲǽѪŻԭλһϵûС
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֪ҸҪѪŽͻȻһֻճĿ֣Ժ˹һѽסҵĸ첲Ҷã
֧ϣ󲿷ѪⶼѾõòˣܶطֻʣ·ڵĹͷֻؽϣǿѪļ
ҵֱۣʹһקͱƷڵأѪҲͬʱһ̣Ҽæתͷȥſĺ֪ʲôʱͻȻվһѪδȫãϣֻһŲβݣնû˫ֱֱۣ˹ҿ˿ϵţȻһ׿ףӣǰһ佫Ҳ˵
ãĿȻѪ֮ϣҪȥ
ȻʲôѪ겻ڱϣһ´ӵϴѪ˹ȥ
ɻѪϣͻȻ̧žһߣ֮ЩҶʱŶӹѪѾõϡ
ʹ޵ҪôܰѪӲƴ϶ǲеġ֪һûͻȻͷֲԶĺ֮УȻӰӿЩɽʬ壬ͻȻطĸеĿ⣬עϣ


162 
նʱѹֱֵð亹ЩʬȻܶ඼ܸоȫڶҡֻܴԭأ΢һĶ
վٶȷǳĻǴҲҳһڣҪǻʵ￼ǣָоͺΧһ·š
ǰǸ̯ƣѪ꣬ʹǸϸκα飬ǲ֪ΪʲôӣҺȻѪ꣬ƺŲͬѰĸһǳĹŹ֡
ֻţҸʲôѪһû⣬ͼ͵̧ͷҵֵ˺һΧŵʬ壬ҲˢˢĶһ£·𿴵ǾŵĶһ㡣
Ҷͷϵ亹תͷȥʯŵķ򣬾Ϳ޳ľ޴İɫӰͬһ㣬վҵ
ϣҴûмŭ飬ЩɫƤ⼸ѾŤУֲһл壬һָ߸߾ſɥֱԽң͵ľͳǰǾʬ˹ȥ
ֻءһ죬ɥֱõļͷʱѪ֣ӼͷλÿʼӦϣͨһµڵϡ
޳ʬǰǼģͺ񵱳лص׵ķ俴ľһЩʬ壬ֻҪɥһʱըɳƬû뵽ǣǰã˱޳䲻һ£һֻ⣬Ȼһ鶼ûУҲñŭ΢΢һӣſͳ޳ŭһһƵ״̬
ҿƣȫˣ޳а壬ȫ
òûһкʬ壬ͻȻӿҲûɶģȫһⲫ̬һһ޳˹
ҼæסԴֻоʬܹȥһ۾ֱ۵ķ϶һЩʬ徹Ȼһۣһ˦ӣĿ궼ֱָ޳ȥ
ſڵϣҪʬͷһۣһ˵Ǿ֣޳Щʬ島·ʯ֮ϣһһĺţĿɥϳܵʬȥһ£ȴֻܽʬһ¡һȴʬͬˮһԴԴϵӿǵ޳ȽȻ˵ϣȴҲˣ޳ͺһ͵һġȺлֵĻᡣ
һͬСɣȫû뵽޳Щʬ壬Ȼȫûа취ӡǿƵȫͬ벻ף޳̫СЩʬ̫ǿˡ
Ҳû˼ϸ룬Щϳʬ壬ͷڵһһǰȥȻͿһصڵϵֱۣһϲæĳǱȥǰһҪѪûҵָոһضϱ֮ϣϱۺȻͱһһᣬʱһ̧ͷһۣͿǽ֣Ҫϱ۸
ҵĶ΢΢һ£漴תͷúõҡҺʱһֱĿϵĶҲͣһҲҶ
һᣬһضϱ̧ż粿ؽڵĵطһһƽӶϱһͿûһ¸սϵֱۣתһȦûʲôˣ³ҿ
ſڵϣָоǳ£ӸµĿ⣬ﲻϴġõ΢΢һеѪ꣬Ȼһ¶ҵǰ
ҶٶȫͷԣֻţһעһȥҽѪһ
æѪ´ã̧ͷȻþȻңɽţֳűϵļʬһָȻ˵һ˻ңȥ
Ǽʬһ¾Χҵֽһᣬ߸ߵľϸһµļˣһϴ·ȻǰǸɽװ˵ӡҿģȻʬ帯ĳ̶ȸأŻֱܹûһҿˣǸˣЩʬͶӰÿһʬӦĶһˣû׼ʱ䳤ˣܹǰǸ֪лǸӵʱ򣬿Ǽأ
ƣԾǲϣҽѪϵĶȥƺڳȺӵĺ޳ԿţһʱЩģ֪Ҹվһ߲Ŷԣ޳ҪģЩˣҵҲãΪܣΪԼĿģҲ֪ǣ˶ˣöɥ
ﻹûתǱ޳ұ⼸ʬ̧𡣶ʱŭˣ͵ĽһִֻʬһҲ֪ģ־ͳ˦˹Ҫס
ոշɹһ룬ǰһ¾קС
ôһյЩ̧ҵʬ˦ӳԶĺڰ˹ȥ
ұǵˣȫʶطоһֱô翵ģ֪Ǽ٣Ҳ֪ȥãǰЩɫһɢŷ£ҾȻֻصǸɽǻܣô˿Ϸ죬ûκγڵӡڶЩɣǰǸǵĴӣ֮޳ȥʯšʵһֱⶴתƣûȥĵط
ֻǴ˿̣ͷϹŵЩʬѾˣҲڶطŪôԺ
˭֪Щ̧ҵʬȻĬĶˣֱӴӿеҵһƺߡˣǺܿĴӵҪԶһЩ
ǴɽװʬǰһۣȻң˵ԭΪһû뵽㾹ȻûˣΪʲôҪ޳ҪǶأѵ㲢ˣ
⻰һڣǼʬҲɷһ㡣
æһвϵĽ˵̷ҵûԼҲ֪ô£طûа취Ѿ޳Ƶ·ˣ
ʬЦһ˵һ޳ˣǼһﱻﲻ֪ˣʲô㣬ôС£ôػѪ꣡ˣҲа취»ǼûϢӡ
һ˵Щʲôһֱûп˵ȴ־ÿЦޱȡﰵ룬û׼ΪطŹֵĹϵ޳û취ʩչֶΣȻ˵ʬ壬ʮҲǶ֡˵ʲôҲһƨһЩȫ˽⣬ҲûҪػʲôѪꡣǰ˱ڲҲⶫˣ˭ˣ
ҾԼȫûҪں˵ȥˣһȺ֪ȥõʬ̸ҵһЦ顣
Ҽ˵һ䣬Ҫôı£Ȼҿ
˭֪ɽװԱߵʬ壬⻰Ȼ˴˿һۣʱЦˣŪɻѡЦ꣬ɽװȻһӣ˵ǣǻˣ


163 س
һ⻰ǳˣǿģ岻ˮɱȥǳ׸һ߰ãһ˵ӡɽװô˵϶˵ֻıǮ뵽˽ʬ꣬ΪǸҰְһȻΪʲôҪռôʬ
תһ־òԣΪõĶԼʬ壬лǸҲһ˲ڽʬ顣
ֻһҾͳ벻ˣǣĿɻ˵
ɽװ˿ҵӣ˵СӣӦף񣬾ǺúػѪģ飬Ӧÿǵġ
æҾǲףⶫʲôãҲû˸˵ԭҪһֱѪ˭Ҫ˭ҪҲָôš
ɽװ̬ЩǿӲɫʱ˵̷ﻹЩʲôˣ
Ұ˰֣û˵ʵֻûˣȫûˡ
ֺǼʬһۣҲǸʲô˼˵ôûУǣļˣֻҪúѪ꣬һ죬Ƕطȥʱͻףϵˣκ˶Ҫöࡣ
͵һŵǣһᣬظһĻ˵ǡҪȥ
ƶĵ˵ͷȥѵҪһֱطҪʵʵĻϣԶڻС
ҾȲѣѵЩһﻹķҲ̫ˣ޳а취ѹסҲûпܡ֪Ϊʲôﹴһֳ棬ȥ˳ɰǧˣȻһȺһȺ³ϣڱ˿һ漣ɶ˵ô֣оɲ
˭Ҳ֪뿪Ժ󣬻ЩʲôϾʱǻŵʱѾȫͬʲô鶼ܷǳ
ҼֵȻˣͺúڹײôοм䣬˲˵
Խ࣬Խòڣ˵̷л˵ĿģȻҲʮֿ϶ɽװĻΪȻҪôҲʮ飬ңɼʱӦ˵Ǻܶ󼰵һԸ
ٵ࣬Ϊɵãû׼ȥͦʬˡ
ɽװᵽǸүҲ֪ʲôˣ룬û׼Ҳáֻ뷨ҪŹһЩüƻҲԶһЩȻ㳤ʲôģܻƾԸˡ
Լ뷨Щ룬һֱΪһ˻ϣٳɵͷںˣһһȥֻʣԼһˣȫһܽܵ顣ͺ·ң˵һǻϣ޳һֳͷΪʼԼʧȥһеļ䣬Ϊվ硣
һԼ˼װһģ˵ڣӦô
ɽװŸɱǿһЦ˵ﲻڸĵطûȥֱԺٻڣ׼ȥ
ҲΪʲôһβɣһԼл뿪ҿ˵ǺˣﻹЩϲԺʲôǸǵĽŲɰǧĹأǾʹ˴סһͨ˵ӣһУҪ뿪Ժ˵
û뵽ɽװ䣬һкܶûʳڣߵļʬͽæҵ̧ɽϾǺݺһһӻûӦ˾ͳɽײ˹ȥŵæֵǰ˫۽գ
ǹãҶûоԼײʯϣ۾ŷҾȻлķڶľ׵ԱߣϻҸʱһ˿ڡ·澭һУֻԼһΣҲֻڶľԱ˯һ
̧ͷɫɵĿʼģ΢΢Щܵĵ֮ϣʪģƺҹ¹һСꡣ
Ҽѵֱӣû뵽̫󳶵ϵ˿ڣ̲סһһһ£΢΢ſڣŷԼڶЩɬòײŷһŴķлһС֡
ɲ֪̫СԵʣһֱûӦϵʹһ£ŴӵӣĵĴƬ˳ȥ
վŮԣҳԶһۣӸⰲһֻǲʱЩӿӹĻš
ȥһ·ϲϽкС֣ɻǺ֮ǰһû˿ĶС˵ڴһֱңҲҲգҶ˵仰һȦûټټĴӣֻһˣо֮
˺ܳʱ䣬ûҵСټһˣ״̬ҲԽԽʵûа취ֻܴǰȥҪһЩܹʹҩʳӡ
Ҹ֪Ǽ¼ţܼʱĶҲҲֲԼڶľǸд˶á
ڴһֱ죬ϵ˿Ž˰̣ÿӰּĵһ㣬һŽŲҰתƣҪҳһ伢Ķ
ֱѹҲž뿪طڻȥĵ·һϡǵһЩǰʱ򣬼Ҫһ죬״̬Ȼͻ˸ʱ䡣
һ·ûзκֵ飬ǰѪ꣬Լ񶡶˵˻ˣոЩοһ뵽Сҵʱ򣬶״ǳҲֵ
ҿ㶵ﻹһǮûֻ֤ܸĳȥڿվĲϴһϴ̨澵ӣΪʲô˿Ҷһ߽һЩǱ֮ӡ
˵Ҵŵ·ò񻰣Ҳǳͺ˺һǳǱ
ʱǸŮĴͷβһı飬Ӻ޲ðҴӳϸȥһǱȽǷӦңҲܲˡ
ֻǿƱӡŵʱ䣬Ҳŷִҵľ£ھȻѾ֮ã˵оȴĶݣͺȥˣʱ䣬ϵ˾Ȼһ仯ûС
һ£Ǹ£ҾͶȹôһӣ֪Ǻ»ǻ¡ǴɽװĻҲѾˣξƽһĿģֻΪ÷ζͨúĳδɵź
ͺǽֺҵǻңɼ·ôҪȥܵú컣󶼲ܴһʱⲻܵʱҪٻһΡ
ֻϧ˵ƽĹһģѾ㹻ˣʹ˵ûԶҲν


164 ˫
һ˱Ȼ𳵶һʱŻصĳУһɽ·Ӷ࣬;תҲ˷˲ʱ䣬ҵҲܾܳ;УһվҪϢһʱ䡣
˵һصʱ򣬿Ϥķ羰пǧµʱ伸ûκα仯Ψһͬģֻʱ佥ٽβϴ·Ҳö
ҵվʱֻһʮǮڸһٷʣ͸ˡ
ʱϸϸһ£ʱ˷ܵĸоɢˡͻȻ䲻֪ԼȥԺ֪ǲǻסڳⷿҲǸ⣬˵һϣӱƻҲͦġ
뿪ʱҲˣ»棬ȻһҪ裬ƽʱͲңǴ֮ӦøѼˡ
˳˷ڱ˵С˺ܳʱ䣬žȻس￴ڣǲеҡ
˹ųϵԼΪѪ鵣ǣҲͨͨһˣﻹ΢΢Щ
¥£Ϥһӳ۵ףһÿһоЩֱ¥̷ᰵŽţôʧԺӦҲûסıҪˡ
ߵԼűߣſûĶһţȴҲû˻ӦһŶ治סطˡ
ҶЩʧ䣬ԥһ£׼뿪û취ֻȥ￴һˣջ治ôĸĸ
ҸҪ¥Ȼ˵ӵµ¥㴫˵Цġһ˵ʱͷӦֵˣ졣
£һ˽Ӳ磬ƺڲıԹһҲǶһϲ˾Ȼûˣҿ˵Ѿõһˡ
һҪںһ䣬Ȼ˵̷û죬һžͺңȻûô׳ʵҲô۸
΢΢һ㶣ʱɻҵ֣ûңô֪һˣ⻰ҺһƵġ
ɻףҺȻһ˿ˡЦһƺڶԶ˵ҪֱӸ˵ȥҳ汳ġ˵ˣƽʱҲ۸˰
ʱɵˣԭûжҪںǵ뷨ҲûˡΪ¥´ģҵ˵Ƕһģһ
ȫŪô£ɻѣѵһ
ͷһתͿǼӰҪתҲ֪Լôģתͳ¥˹ȥǿһҲԼڶЩʲô
վ¥Ĺսǣһ٣죬ҡĻһң
ƽﴩ·දһģһֻǲ֪ΪʲôͺҲһ㣬΢΢ЩϵıʮָˣҲһֻһˣվ¥Ĺսǣֽŷ䣬ӿƲסĲţ˵ʲôо
Ǵţ˵Ц˽ȥֻһվһƬհף˾⻹Ǿ֣ҺݺԼһ£һǿƽ
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ҺţôֲͬЩѪӾ磬÷һ𳤴ˣĨͲʶˡûУҪǹĻǶ϶ֵᷢԾĵطڿ˼ȲǹҲҵʲôֵܣ˭ٰңʲôĿġ
óȻȥʱңǸðƻʵ벻ҪҲͰˣҪ෴Ľ֣Ҹô죿Ͼ֮ǰߵġ
ҿһ£Ȱй۲һʱ䣬֪ܲ˵Ŀģߵ䵥ʱһһϵҲܷ˵һԼ
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֪뿪ʱ򣬻ͷ¥ϿһۣȻǸҡվڴǰҪϣǺȻĿһɨҵϡ
΢΢һ£ĶһͣվڴߣҶű˴ˣôĬŹ˼룬˽һ㣬͵ĻͷһۣתͷһƺЦһ£ɽţͽҲû¶档
վ¥¿ãֽǸԽԽأ˹Ҳ·ٵˣֱӱļȥ
վ⣬濴һۣ밴壬֪ǼҴɨİ˳һңæһ˵ⲻ̷ôһˣСûһ
εЦһ˸˵һⰢæҽȥ˵Ҳǣ̫ģ㻹վſʲô
ȻǰͲõģæ߽Ⱒ̶ҵһ㲻ֱ˵̷Լ⣬ȳȥ㶫ҪСˣͺ˵ϼﲻҪȥԡ
ӦţĿ뿪ǽŷɳϣȻûְֵӰһǾЩΡ
ƺҲģתͷһңһᣬңôˣ
ҺٺЦЦ˵еҪʡ
Ȼ֪ѪΪʲôУһʼûھʣ˵ǳأҸû˼ˡ
һۣеĲ豭˵ϣȻ˵ǲǰɣ̷һѾڼˣȻ֪ˣһֱûãʱ벻ԼЩʲô顣ܲһһظ˵Щ´ΣԺ󣬳㻹ܼǵãдһֽڴͷϣÿҶġ
һ⻰ˣ⻰ԵӦòңǸ̷ŶԣǸĴ̶ɻǣϾȻҲˣҲѪ飬ϼͺһģһͬǣƺһ㾭ʧë
ȻˣҲֻܸѼϼܣʵף룬绰ȻҪʱ䣬ʲô飬ӦҲܹ˵ˡ
Ҹһڣ˵С첻ǸȥôҪҰл
Ҳ֪ôͣ΢΢ԥһ£Ҹ˵ɢˣ绰ûȻһûڣĿһۣȻ˵ò·ϰС˦ˣȻ˵㿴һһģһ˺СһŪǶģſģ
΢΢һȵ˵ʱҲŷ֣ǶѾ֪ҡ顭


165 Ƶ
֪ģֻǵ˵ǶѡԽԽҵǡ
⼸仰Ϣ
Ǹһģһˣ˽ҵоֹ֪ĽȦӡȻϻźһ˺ۣҪģµĻڹڵձڳܵÿһҪ¼ŲɣĻܹ顣͸˵˾Ȼ֪һǰ˵ǣһװʧӣһһԺ󣬲˭ֻҪһڼû˽飬˾ֻΪһʱûҼԼ뷨˵ҡʵҲζֽڣ˭š
⼸ǽܹ鶼ԭһһǽͣڣȴԼ뷨ҲͬСΨһܹ֤ķҺǸͬʱ˵С
Щ֮ǰڳʱԥҪǵʱҳȥȻҲжֹۣ˭ҵ˵ܱڲʲô˶ȻôҪõöࡣ
뵽ûмԥǿһɳԵĲ輸Ϸŵ绰䣬˵ȸ绰һּۣϵĲˮʲôҲû˵
ֻҲڵʱɱ˺룬ûһͲͨˣǱߡιһұΪڳⷿǸҡһֽӵҵĵ绰϶ͻֲᷢԾĵطû뵽һ˵أ
һֵĵطûУֻЦЦ˵ڻؼҵ·أôҲҼȥˣ
һ£ԼûϣǸղһͻȻִҸ绰ôҲ֪ɡ˭֪˵һ䣬һֱ
ڵ绰ͷЦһ˵˵ˣղźúõģ˭֪ͻȻ˵е¾ܳȥˣŪǶĪġ˭֪ҼȥˣڼţҪȥԷȻֱȥ
һ³û취ˣ˾ͺ׼һڻʲôķӦǵˣͻȻ뿪ӣһҲ֪һҪľ֤ҡĻ١ǰˣûиᡣ
ڵ绰˵ҪΪַˣǾΪʧˡֻܰٿĪѡĬ
˵绰һֱԭûлعŵ绰ﴫæཱུľͺڵһ㼱١ҿ˰죬¶ͷĺˮŷµ绰ߵǰװһȷʵ䲻ı˵̡Ǹ㣬ʲôʱصģ
̧ͷһۣüһ˵ǾҵļԺһʲô벻
æҡͷ˵ǣͷ͵ģֻҪ֪ұԺ󣬷飬ʲôʱʲôʽصģ
һᣬĿ⾫ϸһ㣬ƺҪ͸װϷŪ벻Щһұûţգ۾˵Ҳ֪ôģϣҾͿſҼſڣСסҽԺҲʲôڸ߾ȥˣҿȥҽԺ־͹ҽ˵ûʲô󰭣ϵ˾ǲá
ҿû뵽ǸҡֵľȻôͨûһ㻳ɣû뵽ǣȡҡˣȻƽʱҵҪǻа˱Աߣѹû׼ᶯְæͻȻģͦӦģʱȵ˲ҲãҲ²Ǹʱ뷨ƾͺһӡ
Ҷһ£˵ǰ̣ǵǼ¼ţ
ַͷһ£˵¼ҼǲҲҪӵˣֻ֪žСһں󣬵ʱʲô㶼˵Ҳ֪㱻ߺ󵽵ǿЩʲôʧġ
һ˵ţһ滹һֱߵıɫŹֵĵ˵ʵڿӣЩ£֮Ǹˣϵ⣬Ƕ˵飬Сȥɡ
һ䣬վҲٹңתͷ¥ȥҶڿˣأֻҪŪӣܵðǸ˸
ҾôŴʲôʱûз֣ڱһ£ŵ͵öһ£ָҹЦ˵ʲôأô
ҿһҾԼھͺϼǸ·ңһֻͬˣʼղ֪ϻһһģһ˴ڣȻǸƤϾõġе㲻ͬΪһҾԲǻƤô򵥣Ϊ㻭Ƥ񣬵ƭֻһʱģο߻һС죬ܹʶݵĶڡ
쿴ҷ㶣ֹסЦ⣬һ£ҵʲôأѲַˣ
΢΢һֱ۾˵һȥɣ
һҪԹողŻصңҲǳᶨ˵һȥˣӽ쿪ʼҶԲţҪĵطˣǾͼסǸ˿϶ң
˵Ҫȥһ䣬˵ַˣĹʲôʱͣ
ûڳ˵ܣҵĻˡҾͲǸа˺٣ܳȥһֱȻ¶ŵġ
쿪ųһۣŽ˻ȥڳԷϰһʳһһӭЩû뵽ؼɵĻûУֻǰѸղź˵Ļظһ飬ͺѾⲻͷһֱӶ䲻
һ£ְѼеǼͷóڵϣȻװ˸¼ĳһǸԼŪ˸ҼӣҪڽϿǸһˣҰƵóһţǲҲˡ
ô飬ĹֽУ˵̷ǳ׷˰ɣ
ָָԼԴָָң˸˼׵ģúǼƽϡ
һֱΪǸðҵ˻غܾòųû뵽Ź죬Ҿץм
ʱ˯Ȼ͸Ҵ绰˵̷㲻˵Ҹղſһܣ˵
һϲһӾ;ˣ˵ʲôʱ򿴵ģ
˵˸ŵʱ䣬ʱһ˯˳ܵǰ棬׼ǶƵҲûʲô˵ˡ
֪һƵ˵ǸʱûҵӰӣڿ˯ģ˶ܹĵɻæʱǰһЩϸһᣬȻңϴԼ;Գȥˣ


166 
Ƶ뿪Ժ󣬺ܳһʱ䣬ﶼտյģûκ˵ټ;𴲣￴һۣҲԺֵͷҲ֪ЩʲôŴӹڣкµһǰһ뿪ˡ
ʱŵ磬ҲҴ绰֮ǰһᣬҲſƵУűƿȻ˽ɳϣžҵ绰ܹ¼һĻ
³ɵˣڵǰֽŷƵ¼һУҸûһӡŬһ½췢飬ŴԺ󣬼򵥵ϴһȻһЩʳԵˣ֮󣬻ΪӶҳһ£Բһ˳ȥԷɣѵ˳ȥһֱڼ￴Ӵʱ䣬ʵ̫ˣŵɳ˯ˡ
ҽļ䣬ҲΪʲôƵ￴ľȻȫͬҽһһ飬ŵò֪ðźãŬԼҪú÷һڵ״ʼһֵ뷨ԼͶ˽һõĴ𸴣һ˵϶ҲǺƵ￴ľһƵǲƭ˵ģǼڼңҲ϶ֽš
Ҳѵ˵ģھ⣬ǲ飬ҲԼĻþ췢һУϿһңֻĹŹ뷨ѡѲ˵ģǸڱסԺһܺͻˣľԼ
һֱţͷ۵ˣɻǲܵóһΪҳԼЩ˿֮⣬ʼվԼûʲô⣬Ҳһָ֤ѾˣȻҴŵġô־òףôһʶԼ״̬أ
Ҵӵվʱ䣬쵽ˣ͵Ҳһֱûл֪ȥˡ
˵ǣ뵽ԼԺкܶûн˵һҹС˺ôˣ̷᰺Ͱ˱ȥ̫̫ûһ죬ôģҵڶ
ҼǲҲãʼվãԼҲÿˡ
ҿһ£绰˹ȥɺ뻹ûȥͻȻתתͷһһʳ͵˽
ҿһۣһЦ˵̷˰
Ҳûгһ仰Ҿ֪ԼѾûкѯƵıҪˡȷʵȥֻЩңкܶ벻ס
û˵һʳϣ˵۾һֵӣ˵ôˣô߶߶ģҿɾԼȥҵطסˣ˭֪᲻ҹͨˣ
æЦһղôΣת»⣬˵û£ȥˣôŻ
ӴĽһǳɥĵɳϣ˵ȥˣɻʲô鶼ʲ
һ㶣Ȼ֪ʲôطɲҵԤ֮ڡæߣ˵ô֪䣿أҵûУ
۾һۣ͵һ¾Ҷͷһ£漴Թ˵̷ַ˰ЩҪ˵ٱܼǵá
Ҷ㿪Ŀ⣬ĬһᣬҲûֻͣһ䣬˵͵˰ɣ˵һֲҪʲô
йһң̾Ϣһ˵úã˵һ顣
ԴһᣬŸ˵Ժ顣
ϣұС֮Ůû˿ƣЩͱˣôҪǴˣ֪ˣһֱҪǵѼȥȱˣֲãϣʵûޡ
߶ûѣ֮߱ײԺ󣬼ʲôҧʲôŮ߶֪˶١ǺܵĹﶼͻȻɢŷ֣·ңǻˡ
·ңһʱûֻЩﻹûɢʰС˳ҾˣûйһƤ֣ʱҲˣϾǰлʱͼƤܣѾûлˡ
Ҳ·ң߲Żص˶飬͸ȥҽԺȥҽԺûؼҵĻؼҡҲͱ·ңˣ¡
˵һ£˵̷㻹ǵĥöҲ
Ҹӡֻҡҡͷҿ·ңŪȥΪװƵĹϵ϶׷Ź
ʣ·ңǣûȥСҳ
ͣһʳһ߳һ˵ȥңһأ赽ڶûҵС˾ͺʧһǻƤ˶ֶΣûаҳƫƫЩ鶼СԼŵģȻһС˻һ㶼֪飬ȻƤô¡
΢΢Ĭһ£֪ΪʲôʱҾȻЩһᣬ̾˿˵ȥɡ
֪⻰˵꣬˵㹻ˣʧϷ͹۵ˡҴȥҿɲ㷢ʱȥ㣬־һξ͹ˡ
Ƶ˵ʲô˼
ָ˵ȥΣζҪȻҲϲˣĥôҲˡСӻÿζװһͬӳһҪ˼ҵ˵ôأô޶ˣ
ҳһ㶣ȫ벻һ飬ȻҪʲôҲͺϴڽͱлɷһǱƼˣȻҲôݡ˵ˣȻȷԲңҲûҪһ
Ҳҷ˵ģǶ϶ţڣԼϾʲôⶼ벻ס
˿ڳһĵڶҡһ£˵α֤κ飬ҸȻټ
һһۡʵܲôεĴӦˣ˵߾ߣͳˣߵʱһ룬ǽڼھŪƵӣҲͬĵġ
ҸŶֱ˳ҹյģ˽һ¥ǰ³ϸһᣬӱסҪõö࣬·ңȻǲԼġ
ɵǽȥˣҲŷ·ңڣֻǰǸˮ̫ţǿԼǰߣҲҶ˵ʲôһ·βŶֻǸ̫һֱңߵֱë
ȵһſڣƿתͷ˵ȥɣ
ƹ濴һۣⷿûд죬ĹҲܰһŵζֻˣһЩ˵ӰӣССڽ


167 
ҪǻܿڶҸ뵽ǽںڵһţһˡ߽ͷ˶һۣվſڣҲûҪ˼
ҽĿת˻뿴ӵĲãɨһۣŷûκμҾߣտյģǻҳ֪ûдɨЩùζ
ͺһֻܾһֽ˫ȣͷУʱŵ̧һС϶ĳҿһۡ
߹ȥӱŹһ棬ɸ߽һЩʶһѾǽˣ˻ȥŰ̧²ͷ࣬ģϵ·ǹ̸Ͽʱ򴩵һףڼƲˣòӡϣҲһһģ֪﾿ܵĥ
ֳǰһȴ񿴵һһ´ҪһЩʱŷ֣Ľϻ졣һ󣬶ʱˤڵϣæҪȥµҪִҴҴӵһȥˡ
ȥεĽڿУʹ˻ûڿֻǶԭغһ𣬿˸ӣҲŷһ˵£Ҳ˺㡭
ڽһңӣҪǷڱֽϣ֪˵ͬģҿŶо̫ŵֻӣһʱҲû취ƽֻܰ˰֣ѧŵӾЩͽ򽻵ľһ˵ʲôûҲ˺㡣ĺˣֻǡ˵˵
һεҵı飬һֽţŵҡ
˰죬һ䣬ʱûСҲԸ⽻Ѫ֣꣬Ҫǵ𡭡
û˵ֻǲң·ΪԼ˵Щʲô󶼻һٱһ
£ǿڵӣҲ첻˶ţúûţľ׵Щ֪˶õ˶һοǸͶֶѵ
ȷǰ棬֣ŷԼһᣬ϶ѾǻҳƽһԼһЩż˵ʵ֪ôԺͦʧģл￴ʱ˵Сʱ飬ҲϣԼܰЩʲôҪѪ꣬Ը˵һʱû취㣬û׼ԺЩˣҲҪõʱҲ԰͸㡭
Ƥ΢΢һ£ûг
ҿǸӣ̲סҪǰͷһߣͷ΢΢һ£û֮ǰһҽҵͷһԣŷϻһܳĿӣһֱ۵ĵط϶ͷӷǳˣ˿̫ȻˣҲûиĶһʱע⣬Ǳѿ
һ±Ե۵õһҪ˿ջĸо⸴ӣһ䣬˵˭Ūģ
˭֪һ⻰ͻȻǰһ£ͨһǰסĳ˵磬Ұɣ֪ԼˣԺҲˣ
ұⷴӦһæ˵ӣֻ˵仰ѣҲû˵ҪĥĻڻƤ˵ΪְֵĹϵ
˭֪ȥǲϵĿţһקסҵȣӷǳһģ˵֪ԼˣҰɡ
ʵڲϲ˾ҪסܹһЩһֱ̧֣˾֮״̬æֵԼǰҴһ
֣Ȼվſڣͷ溰һ䣬˵̷ͱˣģø˶ѹ
תͷһۣվԭأǲԸϵı΢΢Щƺܲϲڵ
Ұһ䣬˵ұûҪ˺˼ֲǣ㿴ڵӣͷˣöݵĲµ֣
˭֪ĵĿһۣ˵ڻҸҲؽȥͷ˾õӻĺðɣҪҷӦ죬㣬ͱͱˣֻһôһ£Ѿ˵ˣ
һ񣬱ָŶϼ䣬תƻעôţǶôһ˵ԼˡתͷԾɵǰ棬ҵĿ⣬ҲԽԽ־壬Ҳ֪롣
ҳĬ˺ܳʱ䣬ͷϵ˺ɼֻϣⲻģȻһеǰᣬһһĴϡԥһ£ȥĸ첲ͺһֺܸܵݺݵĶһ£Ҫѳȥֺ񲻸һء
ȵĽס˵𼱣Ҵȥȥ˾ûܶˣ
ŵңǽŲȴקһѣȴֹȥ˵磬Źң
ҸҪͣɶֲ˵һ䣬̷Ǳ˭ҰԼ͵һҪԼ˼ȥﻹиˮţ뿪ǻƤǱô죬ҪС˸Ƴ
Ķһ£һᣬŵ·ңǱһ͵ģﱻĥţˣСҲ֪Ҳ㿴ֵطңͷˡ
мһۣ˵Ƿ˰ǴҶ֪
һںϻ¿ǹڵϣɵɵţԼѾһûˡŶӣһᣬſ˵ҴϣΪͺԼҲһڡܾĲôǰô룬ڻô룬ҲȥҪ˵
۾תһ£ƺ˵ô໰һãСӾҵ̨˵ûʱԼͱлɷһأǶŮ㴦˾˵˼仰Сûˡ
ԹУתͷͳ˵ǱƵû취ˣҪǹɱҲ㵽ǿ˵ҪлɷҪ֣ҿ϶Ҳþۺɢġ
ʼ磬תͷңҳһֻͷҪȥһңͻȻúܿնɻüôˣ
ô˺ð죬Žع˵Ǹղ˵Ǹˣлɷ磿
ֵĸоǿ˼֣˵òʶɣ
˵ͷ͵ҡһ£ŪҶ˼ˡǽţȻ˵һ䣬лɷ磬Ǹ˵ˡ
ҵͷ˵ҵʱͱһŮˣҲûܻ
֪Ȼһѳסңǳ֮ǰһˡϥǳŲһ룬˵ı磬лɷѾ˺ܾˣлǽϣ֣


168 ͬ
ĶһͣлǽҺ̫ͬ࣬ҸǲһҸ׺л֮⣬лɷӡ󣬾ȫͣҺһϡ
էһΪͬͬգתľЩ˵ĿģҪ»صѵлɷҲеһԱΪʲôƫƫֻӶľ³ˣ
ʱóҲһ벻ģңҳ˵ȷ
һ£ݺݵĵ˵ͷ˵־л֮ǰѣȻһʱ䣬ϲá
ҳĬû˵ѵһεˣٶȻܹͻûвһΣҰ̷ᰵ˵лɷһˣҲ㿴ŶԷҪƾðģӦòܣҾͲ⵽ôһˣѵͶ̥תɣ
ҺͻȻĬҲɻ󣬲߽ӣ˵صģоʲô
֮ǰûǽЩֵ飬ΪһֱûжҪһҲһܹĵ㣬һֱΪֿǽϣһֹչ֣ͺߺ˵ֵˣǰΪ˼壬˶Ŭһֵּ뷨Ǽ¼Ŷľ»Щʲô˴һͬһµļһ㡣
ҳʹ˸ɫʾ滹и̫Źڣ̷лҵ飬֪˿϶ԽԽá
׵ҵ˼ſң˵СӴȥͲְһ
һûڣͼææ˵ǣģԺԲٷˣ
ҿӣе뿪ȥԺû˱ӻȻܰһʱæʼղһֱӦҲû׼ܲĥˣȥҲԸ⡣
Ұӵļת׼ߣû뵽ߵſڣͻȻһˮˣҪÿ죬Ƶͱˡ
̫ŹһϵĹֶԣϸĿǣϣµĳһֻ¶Դǰ
ҳһѣ̫Ź˵ҪߣҪǲУһƤں˵
ˮٺٹЦţһƤʼղ˵ӣҲߡ
ǶͻȻվ˳˵һʲôÆµģߣСүҿǺóʱûֹˣ
һ䣬ͰҺơЩģ·ңǲ£ɻЩĹ֣һһﶼ֪ЩʲôҲ׳¡ǳţŽ뿪ǰǽ¥ֵӣʱҪΪҵĻҲлˮһѣҲŷһЩæҪ뿪ˮҲʶ࣬⻰һҲͲٶˣֻһ˫ǵûн۾һֱǣֱҺ˷䣬ҲתͷҪϡ
ֻ֪İ˰֣˵˾û£ҵԶߣһᡣ
ҿӷǳģûҪֵĿܣҲһ룬źȻ׹ҪҾ̫̫Ψһ·ңڿҵʱǸȥģӦþҲ֪ʱҲ·ңˣʱվͳһսϣĿ궼׼Сˡ
һ룬̤ʵ϶ʲô飬Ŵӷ˳ԶԶ뿪һ·ͷɰ̫Ҳû׷ĻŷһЩ
·Եһ£ʼûг·ĵʱһֹۣĵط˵øأۿڷϣҲкܶ˿ڣܶ඼Ŀġ֪·ңǵôĥġ
ϵһ˿ڳȴȻһ̧ͷŽֵԶĹսǣ˵磬ôڿи˶
˳Ŀ⿴һֵۣȻ˵֣Ͼ˲߶ţҵû˵ˡʶĳһ䣬˵ѵ֣
üͷɻҡҡԴ˵ǣһ¾ˣĲое㣿
һ⻰￩һٶתͷȥŵҪ˵ӰҲɸоҪǰǸٵġҡҲˣǾ˵ЩҵĴȻƵû취ͳҵǸ˵ټ˵㹻ˣ
æ˵㿴ģ
ָ̧ǰֽǵһԺ棬˵ôˣô档
ﻹ˼ͣһ˵ȻȥͶţҡһ䣬ҾѾԺɱ˹ȥڱлˣ˵
ҸոճܽһЩͿһӰӺ˳ŤͷͳŽֵܹȥȻңԼӰû˱ҸϤˡ㱳Ӱ֪˾Ųʮ˵һҾƴˡ
һֱ׷ǰ֪˶Զϵ˿һһۣʹˣһ˵ӣҲҺòȥ뵽źһˣǳһƺҲһģҾͺһƬƵģⳡ׷ƴȫǱ˴˵־
ҧأۿҪֲˣﲻɴϲһ͵һˣ˭֪ûվȣֱˤ˵ϣҸοұϾѹϣûˤôңɲ֪ΪʲôûײĵطͻȻҲһۣŪڲ鴤
ǿֱӣһֳס·ϸһŷָһģһӡͬһطҪαװĻƱҵûг
ҽק죬ͺһɾͻһֱϥѹؿڣʲôˣ
ڵϣңһҲûУβ˵̷
Ļһ¾ӿˣҪ̷˭
һûסȭͷͳϴȥ˾ǼԵͷ϶˵ʵ֪һȭͷȥ˳ʹĽüͷͬһʱ̣ҲţͺԼҲ˴һ١
ҽԭأɻ󲻽⣬˿ҵӣȻЦˣӾȻеСȣû뵽Ҳֱܳ顣˵Ŵɣ˵Ҳʹ
Ҹ̧ȭͷһ½ڿУٳû£ﴧĦ⻰ʲô˼ɻûȻڳӶͳһСһ»Լֱϡ
һɽţ͸оһɾʹԼֱϴһ룬ֱϵƤȻѿˣѪһ¾˳ܿͳһһ˿ڡ
Ҿѣһ¾ͷõָԼĺܣЦ̷ҪҪԻ


169 
ҰڵϣĿʼûдƿʼմһҺܲϰߵЦݣҵһ˵ĸеġҪСŪˣƿǵģᾪȵ߲
ֽСԼĺ֮£ЦЦĿҵ̷ô˵ˣղǹɺݾȥˡ
Ҷݺݵĵǲ·ҹúܣҲΪʲô˺ԼʱҲͬ˺ۣòֻǼٰô򵥡
۳Ĵ벱Ƥ֮£Ȼֻǲһ㣬ҲоһʹϸϸһѪ˳ͺӰЩ̬ɥĲķһһѪĥԼͬʱðҲϡ
һһõ⻮ԼƤз֮ʹȻҲͬܣҷ֣ϻ˿ڣÿһĲ֮Щ°̺۵˿ڣ֪Ϊʲô뵽Īеο
ôȻ϶һв˵ףʵ˿ڻ̫˵ԼҲ˵ǰˣ̫أҲͨһȥЩҺȻеЦַɱһǧ㲻ϣȻû뵽׷Ҳô飬ĵǻֺ㡣
ֱ۾һͻȻһȭͷݺڵ֮ϣҪһһ¹ָȫۣ۵ҵһͬҲһҪֹѾˡ
ֻѽһҽУСΪʹĹϵһ²Ⱦ͵ڵϣҿ׼ᣬ͵ľʹӵϴһѳס·һֱӼһԵǽϡ
һϢ÷ǳأЩ˷ܣΪ˶Ҵû¹ȻӮԾռϷ硣
Դǽϣһ洭ŴһͷҡҲôѹţѾˡ
һֽղǻһ飬˵㵽˭ΪʲôҪҵӣ
һﻹеģҲûޣֻңʼղ˵
һ¸ʲôڣʱȻ˹Ʒ˹æӦһɸտӰӿڣǺһģһļһʱˣԴұ͵һײӴȻĺһ䣬˵Ķȫ
תͷȥͷֶ첽˹Ͻ飬Īһţ뿪ʸ˭֪ϺȻоһתͷŷԼѹ̷ֱ֪ʲôʱ򣬶һһ
ӣһİΩһ˫۾һƬīһںڣ۰׶ûУϣۡ
һҪ˿ŷԼͼ̷ܣһƬɵİҵ߶ȫڵֻֻɫ˵۾תţͨǣҲһƬֱֵ
ҪˣѾˣЩԭûʵʵȻͺһҵֽȫǼ̷һһǵѪգվǰЦһ˵̷ôô鷳أ
һ䣬־Ͱϵ·һǡҵһоǸ̬ȴаԼ·漴ϣִҵ·
Ҷʱ׹ҪһݣϾѾ¶ˣΨһܹϳͬĵطװ
ĵ΢΢ֻϣٶܹһ㣬ڰƹļһŪǽ飬һиֱĻᡣ
̷֪ȻһסҵͣҶԱߣ˵һ䣬Ժ̷ֻһˣúҵطɣɱڳ°
һ䣬ҺȻ͸о㶵ʲô˳ҵһһϣͷʱҲŷһɫĳӣҵĶһһﺧȻѣһ¾ͿǼݣæŤͷҪ˦ȥɼ̷ҵҲܶ뿪ڽкҲ
ڲıõģΪҺ綼Ҫʱǰһ֤Լףʼձȱ˻һһϴҪõöࡣ
ֻоϷǳƺһһ㳯漷ûʹĸоֱ֢״Ҳûˡ·ûһ
һн̷Цһͷܵһ˵ɣ
ƺһͳʣоһҵס۾΢΢һ۵ʱ򣬾Ϳ̷Ѿڵϣվһ̣û̿վŵңֿڵϵ۶ǲ˼ı顣
̷һܵɢˣŲĵҪܵߣǶ˿һû̺ӽ
æڳһ䣬˵Сģ˵Ǹһˣ
һۣͬǾɫȴٳûпڣҲûбֳκ˵˼
Ȼڶ־зǳˣ¼Ҫ֤Լݣһۣ˵϶ܹ׵ģңò㶯ְô
Ŀ΢΢˸һ£Ҫ˵ЩʲôǼ̷Ȼһ˵㵣ģҸղŰ
⻰΢΢һѵʲô飬˶ܹ֪һ
ҿվֱӣ״̬͸ղǸյȫͬȫһ޹ģǣĿýˣңߵҵ󣬾ͺͶվڶλãէһǶҺ·ģ
ҲòֶΣǵˣжҲǷǳģʶİԼںͶͳһսϡ
ŲոһȣҺȻͿȭͷһ³ҳ˹ƾҪһȭһҪ㿪Ȼƹңֱһȭļ̷ϣ
һϲҴүͱֱˡ
Ǽ̷ϰһȭһƨڵϣȻҲͬʱһۣԾɰβסԼϲ֮顣Ǽ̷ŵһ˵ʲô
ȭͷм˵ղǸӣ̷ô
һ⻰Ǻ޲õ͸һשҪڷһ䣬ɺȻԼ˵ֽŶʹűҵĶ̧ž˳ȥ
һУƺһĵĳǰȴ̷һסͬʱһ䣬˵СΪԼ
ݺݵĻͷһۣżҪͣɻǺ͸ղһһ岻ܿƵǱϵĿ϶˳ȥͺҪһ㡣
̷ں溰һ䣬˵Ÿʲô׷
ļȸԽԽǿҪˣɾҲͲˣ


170 
Ҵû뵽Լܹô죬Ӻеһ㣬ҵʹʱҲױݿһʲôĸܣͶҸЩھӱȽһؼǵüԼ顣ûʧȥμ䣬ˡ
ڸ˵Щʱ䣬ҪǿԣǺ޲ýԼȸϣҸ顣
Ҳϵĳǰţûöʱ䣬Ѿӡͼ̷Ȼ׷ңɽľ͸ˡ̷;ƺͣΣװԼԲģôϿ˾롣
Ҳ֪ԼҪܵʲôطôŴ·һֱܣҸоԼѾˣû취ֱͣþȫܵ˳ĻҰűһ£оǹɿԼʧˣһᣬŵ˵ϡ
ֻȫ۵ܣһָûУɿʵҪֻϣܹһ꣬ˮҲˡϧһ춼Ǵ̫ȻѾ磬Ǹо濾ܡ
ҺüӵֽŵļⶼѾһּޣ΢΢һ£ԳֵĲţֻƬĵܿտյģֻǲʱܹԵĴ·ϺХƾҲûܹҵټ
Ҳ֪Լ˶ãΪ͸֧Եʣһֱоͷۻġ΢΢һᣬ۾ŷԼѾˣȻɵҪ촽ѾѿϸСĿӡ
һ£ϻǺۣҲǿܹˡǲ֪Ǹ̷ڵ״ǲǺһƻᱻ̧ؼȥ
һ£Ҫ뿪طϸ룬Ҹ֪ԼܹȥʲôطǻزȥˣֻҪǼһ죬ɵᣬͻһ졣Ǽ̷·ʲôûһëǮûУͶ·ˡ
֪Ҫʱ򣬺Ȼһϸ΢춯ǽŲһ̵ĳ˹
ﾯţʱҵˣҲãҲգ϶ᰲʲôģ̇ͷһۣŷһź·ˣŶñϻߣŪصģȫӣҲ֪ʲôˡ
ߵǰĴҼӣȻ̧ңƺһͣקסҵ֣ҳ·˹ȥ
ԼԼܹŵһˮζʶΪ̷ᰣһûзӦҲȫңͺǸưһ
һһק·ߣӵĺһԲĹţҳȥˡ
ȻжǳѾҲһֱڰĹ۲˵Ķ̧㶼ǳ˹ģһ̵ֺĸоĺ̷᰷ǳƣҾǲ֪ΪʲôҽҲش𣬼һֲŲʵ״ֵ̬ǣΪʲô֪ڳǸطѲǸٵ̷֮䣬Ĺϸ
ӣײʲôǶѿѡߣҲûôྫ˵
ǴڳǱһСǰͣ³ʱҿ˿ƺȷû˻ע⵽ǵĴڣŴ򿪳Ž˳ȥ
̧ͷһطضҸ죬ֵ·ƶǻģܵסһЩˣΪߵķǰһЩ
Ȼ֪ҪʲôҲܵĴ㣬ȴûһͲ㵹ȥ˷һѣûˤڵϡ͸߿۾ڵϹĵطҲǷǳ񣬿мûκУӣƺڸҲҪһ㣬קҳȥ
棬Ҳŷֻһ䣬ΨһļҾߣһŰСĴֻ̣һЩ·֮ĶҵĶѻڵϡõĶֻһݶѣ߻ƻƵġ
קңȻϵשͷһһŷ澹ȻиңȻҲֻʱڳһԴĿӣǲѾ㹻ˡ
Ҳĳ¿һۣںģʲôһûü˵ЩʲôȻͱһѣֱһͷԵ档
ҡԡһײǷϣȻûоۣӺײʲôһоЩģɻûҷֱʲôȻһ£ȻŷҲװһݡ
һײϵĶҾͳµĲҶˣ
ǾȻһʬ壬·Ϊ˷ֹһһһϴɾһܹĿʬ˭
װŵģлɷ磡
ȻкܶڵʬѾԿʼˣܹϵʬߡ
ϴμʱ·һѾڵѪͺɱһôģΪһ֮лʲôֶΣڻֻʶ˺һЩҪԶһξ롣
ҲʱҲЩ˲̷ᰣĻлɷӦø˵úܲŶԡֻڹʬ壬ͺһ־ϵĳͷһҾ㲻뿴ɲҡ
ͨשʯϣûйصҵĵơҼǿž񣬲ұ۾۵ҪǰһʬĻ˯š
ҲԼô˶ãÿƤܣҶֻܺݺԼһѣ϶Ѿһ顣ֳ棬֪ǲǱӦأſӣûСʱ˾ͱˡȻڻûַܵ˵ĴͬҲܲܡ
Źһ޵ʱ䣬ҶӶܣҲʣǱϾϢһϣҲЩˣשͷ춯ͺҪ췴һߵ档ûаңƺǾûбҪҿ϶ôԴС
ЩשȫÿҼֳ涪˼ƿˮ֮ĶҪѿ·ϡ
ܸᣬ׼Ķ͵һ¾ק֣ûϵһжһȣʹˤ
ϥǵסӣҪס֣ɷԼڻûֻһ¾ͱѿŬҪӵϣЩæҵģ֪ô֮£һ˦Ͱϵ߸ˡ
ǷӦ֣һȻˣһ·Լǰʧ˺¡
ɲ֪ΪʲôԽĺоԽǿߵǰв˵ŻҪһЩŽƽ֪ʵܹ˵Ķ
ַϣȥǰ½ʼһ£֪ôģĬһ㣬ûڼ
·˫۾Ҳһﲻңɼ£ҿʱ־̲סһ׾סˡ
ȷʵ̷ûһֻ䲻ˣԭŶĵطڶѾѪգӿֲģͱסˣɢߴµ촽ѪҺȾ˺ɫˣ


171 
Ҵû˵һ仰ûб飬·ͺһ΢΢һᣬźȻͷȥּڵϵߣ´ϡ
ҿȫһϵеĶȻһڽĬţ߸˵òԶĬš
ʱվԭأ֪Щʲôźãշǳ΢ֱܲˣſһЩԣ˵ôˣ
˺ܾãżĿתһԣлɷʬ塣
ģ
˵ͷеĻӦоȻô԰
Ҳ֪ڹ뿪Ժ󣬵׷ʲô飬һ˭Ҳ𣬵ǻԼһĿ»䡣
תһ룬Ȼ־òԣſھ˵лɷǸʱѾ˰
תͷ۾߱ң˵ͷ漴ҡҡͷûŪʱʲô˼ǰۣлɷˣ֮ǰѾһˡ̷ᰵ˼ǲ˵ɱģˣҲܹ»
뵽˵ȷЩǡ̽Եĳһ䣬˵лɷţ
һ£˵ͷ
Ҿͺܾһˢһվѿʵģ
̷Ŀתң۾һһ·˵ʲôֻҲ˼
ŬԼһ㣬ܹһϵЩ˼顣̷ģԾǴһֱлɷЮƵ״̬ܹҵһ㿴Ǹ̷ֻҲǧ˿Ƶϵ
ȻûףһҵҺȻоһ⣬ͺ˽һˮһ㣬ͷ䵽šҲſ죬˵лɷң
̷ٶĵ˵ͷ֤ʵ뷨ǳױˣȫⲻлɷ絽ǸʲôĴڣԺԻܹıԼݡȫһˣ
ңȻʶ壬һУܹͬܡӿɲǣҺȻʶһ⣬Ƕ˵ҪŪ飬ȻΪֹĹϵһֱûе֣ϾܰԼĿıֵ̫ԣɾԭ򣬻ΪзʵݵĿܣ˵ףл澿Щʲôˣֻˡ
лȻˣûػ״̬£᲻ᷢЩ벻飬˭Ҳ֪᲻ᷢʲô벻顣
ǵЩʱ̷᰺һ䣬˵Ҫȥ
һ䣬תͨ˹ȥʬȥ̷ֵᰲûֹңֻԭһеķ
û뵽ְ棬¶һͷͿһӷ׵Դ淿ĵذϣҲʮֵľ룬һ˫۾첹ϴŹЦҡ
ҿʬż̲סһץҵͷҲæһ֣µµĿҵһƺߡʬżûֻǳǰһ㣬һҵһһ
ʶԼ뿪طѹ̷һ㷴ӦûСվӣĬĬߵߣ׼뿪ط
æһѳס˵ڸʲôǰҪӲźֵ
һ£ûκαʾ˹ȥֻʣһڵͷֱӰССĿ϶ﳹʧ
ԭΪѾ׼ˣǹһᣬȻһֽҼһֻд֡Ƕ
ʱҲף̷ѾˣΪϴû֣ܵĳͷѾԶԶԼȻҺ̷᰽ӴӡеӣӦֺܰˣЩ˵ǵһСοӣòҲ̶ˡ
ּ֮ǰڵϵˮʳһ¶ӡ;ҪѶǸݸŪһⶫס˵ȫɲԼҿɲھڶˡǲ֪ôģѧŶҧָǳȴûӦҪñ˵Ѫá
һֱڿʲôܴȥû̷ᰵİæʵǸͷ۵⡣ΨһŵĶֻѪѣѪԴӺһ֮໥þѾˣԲҪĻһͨѪûǸ̷·ʱҲһ飬״һģһģɾûԸһ١ҲܰѪҿΪʵڲȷôԼʲôӰ졣
²͸ҲܳʪҾǻľȡҲɲóﷳҲѣ뵽󣬻ֻв߷̷һ·ӿߡǲ֪ɹļʵжˡ
̽Եĳ¥ϽһûеõκλӦ΢ĽŲûɻŵĳͨ߹ȥҪ
Ǹոһ룬Ҿͱǰĳסˡ
ҿ̷ᰵڷһǣԣվһڵˣƺЩƣǽϿŷСӣҲžȵĺһ䣬֣
ҵһ㣬һ㷴ӦûУͺ֮ǰûӶ򶷵һ
˿̣ʬżվģܣΧżʱģʱֳֻεӰӣ⼸ӰӣϴŹŴһ·̧ǰʲôһ㣬ŲһһΧʬżת
ҿˣк񿴵мһḥ̂ʬżվ棬ߵļӰӲתʬżӾȻһһСͺõϵѪһ
ʬżӲŤţϵı鿴ǳʹ࣬Ҳŵúܴ󣬿ͬҽеһΪԼë
ҲȥԼͻȻȥʲôƻͺǰƻ˶ĺһ
ҾôһֱţֱʬżֻʣһѿݹǣܵļӰתȦݹǾͻ˻ңɢڵһء
һнҲſҰְӷֱڵϣһſЩӰ굽ʧ̶Ҳ·һнܴ˵Ķһ
æҰְתͷһֹۣһѣӣǼȣһ׽Ļûü˵ֻǰһߣ
һ䣬קҪ뿪һͷһ̷ᰣڵϣƺǻһ㣬Ҫôˣлɷ緢֣ðʣֻҲˣ
ͣ²ӣæҰ˵ȵȣ˵̷ܵߣҪҲϡ
Ұְһ£һҵӣҲˣ˵Ҳϣ
ҳ̷ᰣᶨĵ˵ͷ˳ڻһ䣬˵ôҵֵطģ
Ұְֻû˵źȻͱƿˣһ˱˽ٺһЦ˵ҵѪֻһ̷Īˣ


172 ȱ
ϲ⣬ҾȻû뵽ˣȻʱ򣬳ҵǰҼԳ֡
Ұְְ̧ס̷ᰣвɱԹһ䣬˵֪ҪߣҾͲðˣڻЩ鷳
һЦҲûйͣҰְֺͰ˱ƺҲ֪Լһûпԭ
ֻǰ˱ڼĴߴһ˵СҿЩʬżһ˱Ȼ֪ڵȥ⻹鷳
ҺҰͬʱͷ̷̧̧ŵŪӣŷɵŵĳӾͣſڣ½˳ӷ£Ҵææ뿪ˡ
ģЩ飬˻ῴߵʱҾͷֶиˣſãſڣǿ½ûټһˢˡ
Ҳ˲ϹԵģָӾ֪ʲôطܡ
棬˿Ұְֿ֣˱ڣﻹЩϲ̲סǣ˵ô֪Ҫæģ
˱ںһЦ˵Ǹ̷֮ʱұѾ֪˲㣬ֻװɵҲû¶£ȻҲһѪ꣬ƭ˱ˣƭùҡһѳҪϼѵѵӣװ뿪ˡֻȥ㸸׶ѡЩӣһֱѰ䣬ȴҲ׷ѹ
˵ô֪һţ
˱һЦһŵӣ˵ȻЩСסһ𣬿ҲʱעǼ̷ĶĿģʱչ۲죬ȴִ˶ЩСҲûʲô⣬·ֻݴһ㡣Ҳزˣ㸸׼֣֪㻹ҪЩ˸ʱա
˵ҰĵҼ۰˵㱻ǹôã֪˶ٿ࡭
æЦһ˵ûУҾͱôһ죬ǾˡҴӾǻҲûʱ䡣
֪⻰һڣ˺ȻĬˡͷԣΪǷʲôõ飬漴˱̾һ˵ҵôʱ䣬ҾǸܲһѪϢԭ㲢ڣԭΪϵսߵˣڿӣȷǲ
˵ŴһۻԵ̷ᰣʱ䣬һֱΪСǸ̷һ뵱ʱ״Ҳ˲ɡֻС䲻Ҳһ
΢΢̾һźһ˵ôϵġҪҰְֶû
˱һʻʱװһ¸صӣ۲ڳϡҰְЦһ˵ϵĶֻѡǰҲ֪ôˣȻһȫҵһ·ܣ֪ԭˡҵʱȻ֪鷳ԼҲû취Ͱˣȥһѣֻû뵽󻹻ᷢô顣
һ⻰԰˱ڸ˼֣ѹʱһװƵı飬ȷʵҲЩµˡȲЩˣҵҪȥζʡ·ѡ
Ұ˵̷꣬һۣϴߣЩĳ࣬ʵҲͦԸ̷⸱ģ̫˿ģûüֹ߾ͱҰָƿˡһ̷ᰵӣҲɵһһ䣬ֶҲ̫Щͺʬżһ
˵ʬżֺ˵ǸղŶԸʬżʲôǰⶫҹ鷳ÿҲûޣ˵ⶫ»𣬵ƺѰĶûá
˱ڵ˵ͷλѣҲЩ͡Щպ꣬ȻɫࡣѰĻõģԪյĲ֪𣬾ٶʬżҲñ㸸õԹƹķӣ׻˵ĥ⡣ĥתϼȦһб㶼ˡ
˼֣úʱ죬ĥĳҴĳСҰЦһ˵ʱĥȥˣΪԼʲô
ΪʲôҰԺҾ͹ĴϢԭôһԵʣô˵ʬżôһԺҲðȫһЩ
Ұְֻ£̷ָᰣ˵ߣʲôĿģ
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Ұֵͷ΢΢һЩû˵ǰ˱ںȻתͷң˵̷Ǽð֮ˣԼοǵģ
һ£˵Ҿһ˵ˣĵȷȷûоͶľЩ˵뷨ЩƣҲЩǴӶľܳġ
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ľګĵ˵ͷŷְ˱ҲĿң·ڹײ´ڵĶǱκ˶Ҫ档Ͼôûлܹȥܻġ
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⻰˵÷ǳп·ôҵһ𰸰㣬е˼ȴ¡һͻȻͣסˡ
ͷݺڳײһ£ʹҰһۣƿһС֣濴һᣬعͷʱɫǳѿ
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˵ж׷ˣ
Ҵӳķ϶ﳯһŷǰ·϶ǰããһƬͺǰǸĹǰһ͵ΪⶫöԸ
ⷽûзȨģҲ˵ˣ㿴Ұ׼ô֪ҰɫصĿңȻ˵СǵǰҸᵽǸط
ҵͷŲϵϺȻһЦ˵ǵþͺãھҪȥһˣûǽȥĶԸȥǸ˴ǰҲҪߣסûУ
ٴε˵ͷҰְ˵ǣǱ׼׵ˣܹҵʲôط
һ䣬׼ȥһûӦ˵Ǹ˭æסһ䣬˵죡


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һ£ǰ߹ҹǸع飬㱵֪ҪĿġҲףΪʲôҪ쳶ֱӴףǿԿƹֵҪָͲʲôѵ顣
һûü˵Ұְ־Ѿ³ˣ˱ں񿴳ҵ˼ƺ³ȥһֵǰ˵̷ãǿһͨ·µ飬㸸״ˡ
һ䣬Ȼһ¹˹óҷɣæסԴ۾ֱ֮俴˳ȥʱͿһƬ֮Уһ˫һĺɫ۾͵ͺﳤһž޴ҪǶС
Ұְڳ´һģҲ֪ЩʲôҪࡣԽԽ˱ڶѾ˶ڳޱűƽǵס
ֻоᶼһΣæס̷ᰵӣ˦˳ȥۿԽԽȲһ׵ľʱ˱ڿкȻƺһ̧ڳ͵һģͺõһһ˻ֻǰȻֻһ£ںڵϣĻ𻨶ʱð˳ͺһըһЩɫһʱɢ¶һ·
ײȽѤĳȻ̹ĵĻϴɫĲ֪׹£ֹŵһһ־Ķǵĸоˡ
ڵ·ֵһ˲䣬˫ڵϣ͵һקǵĳӾͳǰ˳ȥǹסûö೤ʱ䣬ǰľֱЩϤĽֵ羰һ·ͣҲ֪ǲǻ׷ǣ˵Ұְָסˡ
ԺĶǹ飬ҶǵΪܹٴˣĲϣڱ뵽æ°˱ڵӣ˵ѵҪ첻ֲͬǮûôǿǿҲϰ
˱һۣקָ˵̷֪ĸ׵֮ĽףԼһ𣬴±ѺûйϵˡծӳҲǷ㸸׵ծ޷ӱܵġ
ļ˵ծѾˣұʱѾΪƷѪˣ
ǰ˱˵ĸ׵ʱûҪ˵ǴȥδؾҪһ⣬ҲͬǱҪġ
ҿƲ˵ʲôѾȰˡֻ취һ£û׼ܹʲôתͷҲûһ㶵Ĵ˰Σһ飬ҶǸݵ飬ʹһ£ſڣȴԼ˵
ʶסԼĲӣͷ亹һð˳ԼôţݵκϢԶ˵
˱ڼұ鲻Ծüͷ˵岻ʣ
æҡҡͷָָԼĶ䣬ɷԼҲȫʹһֱ״̬
Һò׷Ҫ˵һеͷŷֱƵĸоȥæ˵ǻܳ
˱΢΢һ۾ϳƺһӵΪЩ˵ΪΣ
Ҳ˵Ǽݵ飬˰죬ֻЩûõ飡
ҪˣǲֻʲôʱֻᱻݿƣǵǸعԺʲô״ܶҪ˵п˵Ҫ취顣
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˱ѾȥˣҲزʲôòò飬ֱӾ壬ƿֱӵ˿ҳһŷֻͰ˱Ӱ
ŵվɳ棬ԭС۾ϴֱֱŰ˱ڣƺЩҪԶһЩ
Ҹ߽Ű˱ڴ˵ʲôϴҪѪѾͳȥˣ
˱ڲȫȻûϾŵʱҲǴ˼ңҲЩġ˵ַˣϴμ֮ʱеĻѾ˵ˣҽǴ뿪ġ
һƺҪһ㣬ֵҲ֪˵ʲôҶӡҶҲȥ
ҿģĶҪˡҲʱŷ֣ʵѾ֪ᱻߵ飬һκͰ˱ڼʱ챻׵׳ҲѾˡ
˱ǰһȻ䣬ֻ˵ַˣ˵һҪģֻǸŮˣȴʱգַˣ
һ䣬֪Լһȥܻɥﻹзߵĵ˱û׼ʱ̫ˣףǻ˵ȻЩ飬УͺСһЩ˵޷ĵġ
һºۿ۾һɨſҽӣͺ񵽾ıһ֣æָ˵̷̷Һ˵˵Сһ𳤴ģΪ㣬üûѽôȥأ
һ⻰ͷҲһᣬתͷŰ˱ڣɫ䣬·״򲻶һ㡣ۿû취ͨһ͸ˣ˵ϣİ취ɣû׼ǽǵعȥ˰ɣ
˱ڿҵӣ΢΢Щݡ̾һֱڱ˵̷㵽˿̣Ϊһ֮㸸ףλСѶĸף̷ȥˣЩ
һ¾Ϳ޺վվȣϲۣ˵Ҳ˶ˣΨһĶӣΨһġŮҲûˣʣˣҪҵҲߵģ
һǻ־ۿҲһ죬ǰôһѾͷҲûˣʧȥ죬Ҳ֪ǰŮ˻һôĴǼǮҲ򲻻ԼŮ
ҾôԭأһһŲŲӳ˱߹ȥסĳ˵ķŹɣһʼ޹ģ
һᣬͺһ㣬һ˵ûҶӸЩûйϵȥְ֣˭µ˭еҪҲǡҶӣҲߣ
ҸͷϾҶְֿ˵ȫûи飬ɸոſڣž˵ʲôҪȥģ
˳ȥվ¥ݵתǣȵǰһĻ


174 
һһ¥ͷһϣǼ¥ָһҲ߲ꡣϧԶչĿɨÿһˣڹصϣһһٵĵǸղţ˵ʲô
ҿ۾ѾˣȫƽʱҪŭģһʱҲͷȥһϵᣬȻתһѣ˵ǡǰ飬˵Щ˸ˣû£¥ȥɡ
ҸҪͷͼ˭֪һ˦֣˵¥϶ˣǻҶ飡
һ䣬ת˱ںңȵҪȥģǷǣʲôծ
֪Ȼ¥һЩݣɾҲҲ֪ôģƣЩס鶼һһͱ
˱ûκα飬ʱǰչֳǿƵһһֱ󣬳ǰһҲֱԵСѣǰұĸ׽Ҫȥһط뿪ԸԷҶҪߡϵծ̷˵
һ⻰͵̧ͷһۣ϶Լ˵飬һ°Ѱ˦ˣ֮ǰﻹЩȻķҶʱͷȥҿĿ⣬ͺڴһ
ɽţҾ쳯˵һ䣬̷վ
ҳĬ˺ܾãһֱڵûжҲû̧ͷûһᣬһѽҴӵҲôᳶϵ˿ڣֻҺ˵ȫ˵ˣ
˹ȥѾͨ죬üͷšһĿעңǳζ
ִߴһŽҧＷһµĵְ֡ǺҰֺͶֵġ֣
һ£ʱɻãĿһֲۣ֪Ŀ˿裬˫ͣ·Ҫ⼸䣬ʼû˵
Ĭ˰ΣȻתͷҵ˵һ飿
ӣᶼˣոջһڣ·жһһͺְֺҶ
һû˵꣬Ȼȭͷһȭݺݴҵϣϳʹһһײڲ輸ϣڷŵбյȫڵأͺڵһصƬ
һһ¾ˣæܹס˵С𼤶ʵʵ
ʵ˰죬ɺ仰ʼû˵Ҳͬסָ֣״ε˵裬˲̷Բǣ̷˵ɵģӦúͶһŶԣڶ˵ģ
ӵǲһ£ŷֿеѪһȭˡһûУЩЦЦ
˱ƽĿһۣ̾һת죬˵Ҵ֮ʱʵѾˣαˣծվҪġ
һֱۣӿңʼղǸģʧ䣬Ҫܵľ֮ɫ·һ˲䣬ЩĬ꣬ѾȻ޴ˡ
Ĭ˺ܳʱ䣬ȻԳƵһЦһĭתͷ裬˵裬ҰֳʲôʱҺ񡭡ûˡ
۲ϣƲƲ죬һͷ죬˵ˡҰˣԺֻʣˣֻ˵ļҡ
𣬴ӾǻԺʱ򣬴û׵Ӱ룬ǰ˱ڽһж̶֪Լɷ򽫶ȥծʱû׼ͳ׶Ͼ˺׵ĹϵȻϣֻΪ׳ȥˡ
⻰ϱɵĮƺЩѾܼĲһȻ˵̷ҹ
Ҳ֪ҪЩʲôֻת¥ȥҳһᣬӸĽŲ
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ҿǷ۾ãŽϼһĵʬ£ԼҸҵһУһһʮ˵˳˵ڼ䣬һֱı飬ݵôɵЩ򵥵ѾΪܹܵķΧ
Ȼϵıʼƽɵ˵һУƽҾЩ¡ͺһ꼴һ㡣
ֵԽ򶨣оԽǽšʲô˼һûκֹܹķ
һ̣ûһӾյüˣȻˤϵ̺ýźݺݲȳһѺĩȻתͷȻһЦ˵̷Ҹߡ
ûлشȻﲻϣ鲻ܹġͺҸ׺Ͱ˱˵ԸȥҲɲ
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ګګĿһֻۣ˵һߣʱ񱻳һɥɳϡ
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˱ڿһۣŵ˵ͷȻ˳ȥӿԶһ㣬ԽԶԽã˱ûоֱܾӴǵ⣬ȫӵĵط
Ŷ˵̷Ȼ֪룬Ҫףܲ˵ġ
ҵͷ˵֪ǲſڣϣʱ䣬ܹ뿪ԶʧҲףͺлС˵ҲһҲһ뿪ġ
һֱȵɫƬȻҲ˱ڿɫ˵̷ʱҲˡ
ұ۾ûֻ˵磬û뵽ͻһ䣬ĻѾһСʱˡ
͵һ´ҵķһֻǸйŨϵŨƣѾӡһƬɫ
żæߴǱ߸ϣֿҾͿѾͣҲԶĵطܶΧܿŻƽȥһȺ֮Ľֱߣ߰һССİ۾һգգһƬ𺣣Ӱ¶úһ޼ҿɹߡʱһ㱾ãǰ磬ҲĻ渶֮һˡ


175 ɱ
Ҵһһߵ£ʱŷˡתͷһֻۣعͷȥȼյһóһ֧̣ȼһڣֳ³
˵أ
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Ҷһ£˵ⷿӲҪˣ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҫˣ̫̫ⷿˣһסﲻ
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һ֧̳꣬ڵϰϨˣץǸСȻóһСɵʯ˵֮ǰҽҰְõһɡ
ҽӹ￴һۣ״ʽȷʵҸеĺǳһûڣͼ˵СʱҰְ͸ҵʱûôǮֻͦϡˣҺúղҲôˡ룬ԸԼ֪ʲôʱͰŪҲԡ
ҾеĹһ仰Ҳû˵ȻƲƲ죬ҿЦ˵ôȷʵǺöɣϾҰְ͸ɱĶʵôҡ
һЦ˼ûУﻹѹֵ˵·ҪЩ˵ѹĵײֳеÿһ仰ֳִ⡣
ʱҲվһۣƨ˵߰ɡ
һ䣬ȳ˹ȥҸ󣬿ıӰǲܿƵľһһŵһ㣬Ҳ֪ĵҺȻͣסŲ˵һ䣬ȵȣ
ͷһۣɻüͷôˡ
˵СлңǸ̷֮ǰǸû
ĪȻĿ˿û˵ʵĶȫЩǷǳϣô̤ó̡
˱ڿվԭûжżߵߣʳ˺£
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˱ڱһᣬȻ˵л֣ƽĸʾͶһ֣ҪȥûҲδزܣֻЩ鷳̷Ǽλûж⣬㵽صġ
Ҽæ˵鷳Ҷ£ֻҪûͺã
ǰ˱¶ɫƺҲ֪лɷ粻öԸʱĳȻƿˡ̷Ŷñߵ¶˳һοӣ΢΢һ£Ƕ֪ҪЩʲô
ӳûκԥֱߵǰΪ˵ԵʣӶóֻһ֣Ȼݵǰ
ҽӹһֻдţҰȥû
΢΢һ£֪Ǹϲǣֻһ
һᣬû̻ҵĻߺ۾עң˵ͷ
Ȼ̷᰾Ǽ£û׼ΪſԺлɷԿǱϾҪȥðգû׼кܶҪƴʱ̷һеһȷأΪǲȫˡ
˱ڴӳȻ˵Ǿ;ˡ
̷᰿һۣĬĬĵ˵ͷ
ҿ˱ƺЩ㣬û˵ʲô˶½ҵĳ˹ȥ
·ңΪ˷ֹҳ֣͵֮һڼ̷ߣϾҲǼٵһ
ȵ˳ݵĸ̷ͣĬĬ³ȥˡҳ¥ϿһۣĵƻţҲ֪ٶȳڶͼ̷ǰʱһʲôĳ
лɷΨһ֪飬ʬżѾˣǵ䣬̷ᰵľ飬û˿˽⡣̷ᰵ뷨лɷ磬ԼҸӳΪڣȽ¥ƭлɷ粻ܶԽ췢鲻Ųʣ;ԲѶ͵ߡһǿȽסڽлҳû׼ʶ̷ݡ
ȫڳｹĵţûãȻͿ̷᰺лɷ½¥˳лɷ֣ƺ̷ᰰ²ʱԴϺݺһƣ̷ֻǾŵĶһ£ֲҴܿ
˹Ѿ׼Ҫ³ȥˡ֪˵ĽŲȻͣסлɷȻͣĵط˹һЦ
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ʶʱһжѾˣûкһ֣ʱһţȡҿһӵƺʲôڳǿһ˱Ҳͬɫһ˵һ䲻ã
żҪӳȥʱǸļƺַˣֽһ˳Դ֮һܶڳİϡ쿴ҵ쳣ҪҸҵͺճľһζ
˴һʱ䣬ƽϢԴ濴һۣŷܣ֩˿һĶճѣһ̲һ̲ܵĵϣһ޴֩Уϵ˿Ūá
ţҾһϤϤĽŲұ߿ٵƶȻһֻɱ񷢺ڵ֣ȻϷһÿ
Һ춼ϢǸط֪һƿȻ¶һŮ˵ͷͺſڳϣ̽ͷ¿һûÿﲻɱĳ֩뾫ʣǰ˱ڿһӣѿھͺһ֩Ů
֩ŮнкŲһڳǰİϡҿȫӣﲻŻͳһ˵壬ԴϷͷ֮Уֻ۾Ľţȫһڵϣ⣬طܿ
һעǣͺڿԼһ֩ҿлɷ̷߽һЩЦһ˵̷ôܣҿ϶ץ㣬ҲȰ㣬þ͹ԹԶţҪڳˡ
͸Ǻ޵Ҫ䣬ͺȻվ̷ᰣǿʳһϸĵɵģһͱлɷ米ϣ
Լûüһлɷϵı飬ͻȻúϴһĵľʹϵ½ʱͱѪҺ÷


176 
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Լʹ˿ͺǶܹоԼһһʧһ쿴ҵķӦʱҲˣҪҴӳұϵ·ƿɫʱͰˣæҵģҪҰ˿ﲻӿѪֹס
һԵİ˱ҵ˿ڣҲͬһ޲ߵӡ
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ھûˣ̷һ̵÷ǳȻҲ֪Ǵʲôλоǳ߸˵£ΪľԼĻڲϵˣܹܶˣûһҸоӽġ
ҺֻԽԽ֩ŮͷѾ᲻ˡֻʶʼϡʱȻͣûͷֻһһĶһ¾ʹҵļϣ
Ҹûиоκʹһ룬ƺȫˣ̷ͱ˿ҲһûʹС֩Ůֻ֣ҵżһвϷתšŹ˼룬ҲŷתĹУ֪˿Ȼһһ㿪ʼҵϹ
ûãҾͱһľӣֺһӼһ㣬ֽŶһΨһĺôǣһһ˿滹пҲϢ
־Ȼڲԣܶﲻ֩ʳĳϲʳϲ˿ߣȵӶʱá
ڵ;ҪҴ֩Ůקȥһֱͽõ״̬üΣҲ㱻֩ŮǸһĶС
͸ǰ˿ӰһһɱоԽԽ΢΢۾ʲô֪ˡ
һֱڽңҾǷֱ治˭Ҳ֪ȥ˶೤ʱ䣬ɵ۾ʱҺȻԼҽԺͶڲǰ棬Ѿ˯ˣ۾һ
ϲϲ¶һЦݣ˶һ£ͺ̼ܵһ㣬͵ļ̌ͷ˯ʵϻһ㵭ѹۡϾϲһЦæվܳȥҽ
΢΢˶ŷԼϲܣҪ˵ϻ֣ѡ
æסң˵ҪҶǽˡҪģǺúϢ
ĪѣŬĻһ£ļ䣬Ǳ֩ŮסΣȻ֪ôյģǲܿʻ
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ֽ˼䣬ͶϵĵͷʾԼˡҽ˲ЦǺǵߣ˵̷ˣӮˣ㲻֪ʱлɷһ͵ҽԺȵʱҽɵˡ˵ûôˣϵ붼һģһ
˼üͷҲˣôлɷ磿
ǶҪ˵ȴˣĵĿ˶һۣղûҽ˵úϢµĸ
ŻȻЦЦ˵ԶԣϢ˵
һֱڴ죬ſǿԵĶҲܹ´߶ˡֻΪ˲ϵ˿ڣ˶ʱڴûôסԺҲϰˣҽԺĻʿҶЦ˵ˣҲֻЦЦû˵
飬ҲʳһЩϢΪ˱ҵʱҷ̷Ҳߣ΢΢Щ죬ʲôҲû˵̷ֻϷŵ߱ˣӻǺֲܿ˿֡ǵԺҲ˵̷һôһ
Ա棬ЦЦ˵û˵ϵ飬̷һְŵġ
˵ⲻǷϻֻҽԺˡ
Цһ˵ʵʱĿΪãֻǲ֪ѣº󻹱һȭһͦǸġ
ְõ˵Ȧӣ˵㡣
Ÿңʵϣ̷ᰵĿģΪɱлɷһѣֻлɷˣҲͬܣԲûƻ˵ϾЩðգûʮȫİգ˱Ҳ
ҪԶţ͵ðϴŵȳȥȻʱʲô⡣Ҷ˲
лɷڼһңɹףһˣ̷ᰱ͵ϮһΪ˰һˡɱлɷͬʱŬҵסһ
һᣬû⻰˼ͷü򵥵ķҽ˵ȻһˣϾ壬һˣһҪǻܻţ֮ϵҲͶϿˡɱķҪúоȻ˾ͻһ
룬¶ҲãϢҲãûҲգܵʲô˺ܵļޣҿ϶һɥѹ̷ȲҸ˵顣
һ䣬˵ѵõͱûˣӻǲˣû˵лɷҲš
һۣ˵̷ˣлɷǲǻǶ֪
ҧһ棬üͷˣôģ
˵̷ƺõİʱһ㹻ˡУ㻺һ£лɷûУı磬ͬҲΣգڲҽԺ
ҽһ£Ȼ׹ʵ˵мұ֩ҧһڵ飿
˵ͷ˵֩Ů̷ŵĶװǵӣȡлɷΣŰȫöࡣ֩Ůһ㿪ʼѪȥҧһͣͱҺˣٹܶѪҲû٣ǿżһ
˵ҲЩ̷ᰣô̵ʱѾƺһˣÿ˵ķӦҲ档
һû׵һǣȻҪлɷǰ棬Һ֮ϵΪʲô֮ǰᵽлɷҲ͵ҽԺȵ飿


177 
˵ʼʱҲΪʲôҪôǰ˱ھ飬֩ŮȻû˷ӦȲǣҲԸҷſ˳Ժ󣬼̷᰺Ͱ˱ڽһ£˱΢΢һᣬŽȥҶлҳȻ̷ᰴȵҽԺ
ʵ˱ôĿģһȻΪȷлɷ֮ǰǵлɷ練ˡ
ȵ˽ľҽԺʱ򣬼˺Ͱ˱һۣһȣʱҪҵ岻ˣлɷ绹ϣǾл彫Һлɷ綼ռǸ̷塣ҵǣΪ֩ŮصĹϵҽȵĽʱΣգлɷѾȲˡ֮˱ڳϲԼӣǵмݵŵľͰҸŪˡѹڸоһɡ
ԭҽԺҪץסлɷĻǣǲǣֻǴҴҼһۣĪʧˣѰһ£ʼûн
˵Ȼصӣս˵лɷ곤ʲô
ҳ棬ɻʵӦúһ
ٺһЦ˵ǣȻֻǴҴҿһۣлɷģǰļ˵Ӷȫͬʹʮˣǽһ󣬵ȴǰ˱һǸưͷǱѾˣֻǰͷûгӣӦĩʱˡ
ҡһ˵˻ôˣҲ˵֮ǰĻ˰˾ŲʮǴӶľܳģʱѾܳˣֻǲ֪»θıݵģֻǻŵӿԱ仯Ǳʵ껹ԭģ
ҾͺһֻƤȻܴͬ󣬵Ա˵ʱںʼġ
ƤҲŷֻԺ󼸺û·ңȻ˵ʱ֣Ҳ޶Сˣȫʱ䶼׷С˵䡣Ҳ֪ΪʲôԼͦģܾΪĹԺ󣬾·ңֱĿӽ˸ⷴС
Ǹպ˵꣬иСʿˣһڳͲˣ˵ЩԺĶҪٳԣͷæУһۣҲûɻ䡣Сʿ¼飬˵˿ϵòҪߵʱ򣬺ȻֺʲôһתִŵϼóһŵݵǰɻĿһۣûҲֻŷûзڡ
û̴򿪣˵˭İ
Ųָָ˵Ǹоеѣתһ¡
Һһۣû˵˭˳ָĵط˹ȥֱӾܿҽԺԺӣһᣬȻͿ͵֪Ϊʲô鳳ˣ첱ӴֵģҲȻһ߻ΧһȺֵˣҲȺֻϣԶһЩ
֪ЩΧ۵˶ǿģֻܹһ˶ſֽҲɺһۣ˭Ҳȥǣѹֱ˾ء
СʿԺҰŴһݾȻëдģҺܶҶҲǸưͺǰԺĵĸоһ
ս˺оһᣬҲŪǰ˱µģ˵Ϊ˵ԵʣҰְ־ȳˡ̷ҲһȻΪûȥǽȥعΪҰְϴȥѾ˺ܶ꣬Ҫȥȷһ·ǰͷǻ·ϸϢҺ·յǻϡ
ţ쿿Ա߳Ĭһᣬתͷ˵ǵعﵽЩʲô
˵ûȥ֪Ұ˵漸䣬ʲôûУֻĩβһڷŸƿѡصĹЩݶɱˣҲһˡְ־ӰӶûˡҰˣϸ飬Ҫô͵ȻϣҪô֡
˵˳ˣһʱֵ飬ȷӦŷˡæ˵Ҳ˼
ǿЦһ£˵û£ֻ裬ûа֡
ҿӣҪ˵ʲôǳĬȥ˰죬Žתƿ˵ˣһ֪ΪʲôѪһأ
ֱӣ˵ⲻѾ͹
һ¾лɷ磬ң
ͷ˵ɣǰͺʶ֪ġ
ҵͷȥңõһѪ꣬ȥǰһܣŽѪ꽻ġǰΪʲôû֪Щ֮Ҳͬɻ󣬿ֱ׵ΪʶҲ֪ûҼҵˣֻͬʱΪжʱ뷽跨ĥ׵ԭһıҲЩ£ŵʱǱϹϾģ˵ʲôӦʲô
ѪںֻϵķģܹѹסѪϢûңΪ֪Ѫ궼ϣǲῪʼҾѾЩѪˡֻһΪҵһҲܱסһ
ҾˣʱµģҪǿ飬ϵһ飬óôĿͷǻƤҲҵ
˵ˣʱµһ飬Ȼס˹ǷסˣͺлɷˣûõģҪҲû취ʵˡȻҪڹƽһЩûжȥˡ
룬˵ҲûǺģҵѪԺϵĹ֣ǲֱŷˡ
ٺЦһ˵㿴̷ǿϸģôˣôĵطԴţⶫ˭õ
ȷʵֻǸͨͨŮˣڼҴ֮ûʲô£ҲڷЩֵֹȻһڸеûУ·֪һУڱʼֻǸܲͽԹߡҲΪûκ˵Ļɡ
ʱȥּңΪ֪ԼܻѾˣѪ걻ô꣬ͺ̫̫˵һѪˣҲ̺ܶܶࡣ
֪һУ˾һѪ꽻豣ܣȻ£ֻ¡·ܹ˼һֽһЩ˵ֻҪӲ򿪣;Բκ鷳ֻѵʱ򣬾̫̫Ȼȡ
Ҳˣ֮飬ȫܹ뵽һ⡣ԭȷʵǸҪӣǣʱҵľ̫̫ȴĪıС˸ȥûҪҵĺ·յĻǹҾˣҲ֪ʲôʱҪõ
ܳ˺ܶ⣬ɶ˵ʱղʱ򣬻ܽһа׵ѾΪѵˡ̾˿΢΢ЩźһԺȥˣʱ˳ûкҼһ桭
˭֪Ȼһ䣬˵̷ˣǿŻȥģһܺɱˡ


178 
һֱΣεĻΪĳЩ˶Ѫ¶ɵҴе֪ѪԽʱ뷨΢һЩҲû뵽ɱֿܡ
Ҵ죬Ҳ˵ʲôζ˰죬˵ô֪ģ
ֱֱӣҲ˵ǰĲ֣˵ģ飬ǰ㻹ʱ㣬廰ʵġ
üͷһ£ѿڵú˵˵
Ž
һ죬轫Ѫ꽻Ȼн٣ҲǶ겻ѣ齻˼䣬ŷֲϵô׺ʱ⽥ȥò֮֮䣬ѾҲκοĵĻˡ
ĸһᣬǣţоҲܲζ񲻳˼ʱһʲôôԹԹķ֮£ǻǰʱӣϧֻҲֻһָл롣
ߵſڣҪֿĸ׾ͺʲôƵģȻ裬˵֪֪סʲôط
һ£׹Ͼܳʱ䶼ûԶˣڲϱ仯ѾǼӡ
Ҳ֪ʱôģĪЩпһ䣬˵û̷
ҡҡͷҲʲô飬ֻ赭д˵һ䣬Щʱ򲻼ȼҪãԼ᲻ˡ
̾˿Ҳ֪ԼôģȻһ̬˵ҴȥɡԶԶĿһۡ
һ£˵ͷûҵʱӣҲ֪ϰ࣬˳ţų͵ҵλĶ棬һֱСʱ;ȴԼһ˭Ҳû˵һ仰ô·ߵĻ̨ϣŸԵ¡
ֱ°վ·ڵŹۼ⣬Ҫңȴߵ·ߣĳһҡں濴ܲζ
˼ӣȻͳ绰Ҳ˹˵Ҳôһ顣
ʱҵų绰ֻƽʱʺĵ绰ʱҲûϣ룬Ӧǰһ˰ɡ
绰ǳƽͣҸû˿ĵطҲֻôææ֮ĻֻҲ֪ʱ绰ˣվҶĴϣĬĬĿҵһһ
󹫽ˣҼϳ㼱ææĺ˵˾Ļ˵绰ͳ漷˵վ·ߣ˹нԶûס͵ˡ迴ȥο˼䣬ʱҲûϵһܺͻȻ
һŵʱģְﹻ棬ţɸоͷһᣬæԴҼģο˵û£Ѿȥˡ
صǸʱҸҲסլֻΪ˱лòŵġˣ
ͷû˵ǾҰֶ벻ֱӣѾôˡ
һ죬ѵ˷ʢķˣԱ㣬Ȼ˵ǸС׼ĹأŪôˣ
Ұְһ䣬˵òôʱ䡭кܶ࣬ȥˣڶڿҲ١
ǲĵӣҰ˵ЩʲôߴҰֵĵȥҰ֪ԺᷢżҲšҲֻýҹɫȥˡǵʱ򣬺ȻϣȴһѾˣûϢ
ļģµĹ֣֮Уֱֹͣ
һҰְֿ޵ĺģڴ߿һԼѡ
۾ѾˣȫΪʲôԸһʱ䣬ֱߵͷ
˵⣬͵ǺȻŽ˿ǣƺҲ˸ղŵ̸Цݡֻ߹ߣ˵̷ҪףƻΪᣬҪǻȻʱû׼ûаˡпܸոȥ޳ȥˡҪϣͱѡһַʽԼͺһɱȻ˱޳ƻ飬ܹһһʵ֡
ҿһı飬Ҳ˶˼һӻúܼ򵥣ֻЩͬ˵ı϶ѡɱҪܵͽģƺںܶڽ̵֮У˵ҲΪңŽԼ
һŬҪԼƽɺʲôһǳܡ
쿴ӣ˵˼䰲οĻϢһᣬҽ˵Ҫȥ׼һЩʱöʹŶǳȥˡ
һ˵ڴշת࣬ﲻϻСʱסһӣֻں޸ַӿû취ֻͷԼһᡣ
Ժ˭Ҳû飬ͺһֽһ˭û
˿ڲߣϢ죬Ǿ׼ˡ
˺ܶ൶ӣĶ̵ģͶһҲ֪Եġ˵Щûʲôðɡ
ҡҡͷ˵ôûãҪõʵĹ߹ˣָܲܿӲƴɣ
Ҳͷ˵⼸һֱŷأͺҵļһѰ϶ЩôģȻҲܱһ
һ˵ţһ潫ЩӵݸҿЩ֮ϣȷʵɷϺܶණŻЩ֣ͺԼﰲοһǻǸһЩСķϣľڰĵģƺûôóһ㣬ΪżĻûطȥˣֻܸǣʣȥһ˲֪гٶ
ֻҲܶܣ˻ǰ
ǳĹ̺ܼ򵥣ǰҰְµϢǳ뿪ˡĿĵﻹǺԶֻҰ·ϵһЩȥǣʼãǽƫ·ЩԽԽˡ
һ챼ǲŴһ·˳òҵһС򣬿һȦȻûһõԸǡǶֵͦģһû
˵ǲ·ܴط˰ɣ
ҡҡͷ˵Ӧòᣬһ·˳Źġ
ûа취ŽһȦǻ첻ˣһСǰҰְµıǣʵҲ˼ҷϻ˲ôİȦӡ
³ǰţһᣬиŮ˽Ŵһ죬ʲô¡ǿһҰ̷ֺᰵӣһ¾ͷӦһӻ֣˵վſڡ
ҿŵӣоĪҪһ䣬˭֪⿴һۣȻתͷ˵ɣϻֹǿСˣ


179 
ŰƵȻ⻰ͺ˵һҲûһƭ˵Ҳ˵ü۶ʱһ˵ЩˣšŹأ˵ˣϴʱҲƵģ󻹲ǰͰ͵ˡ
װʲôӵ˵ͷǳϻŸءžͿһк˵ŸʲôгЩ˵
һ⻰æܵߣŮ˵Ļͬ˵ˣ˶Ĭһ£ȴԼͬĳ˹ȥŪһһ㶵ģ˵ǿʲôطҪֹҲûϵ࡭ܻᱻҰණ
Цһ˵˭˭Ƕܡ
һ䣬Ҳͷʾͬһ䣬˵ˣطҲˣ··ƶûУ˵ӰˣŸо͹Źֵúܡզ³˵ôô
ҵͷӺó˷һ£žͳŮ˼ȥˡ
һҲŷôֻС˵㣬滹һԺӣ䣬ڷŵĶǸũҵģӦùò
Ů˳ﺰһݾܳһ꼶µˣӷǳʵһֱֺЦ⣬Ǵкƺ־øֲòԵþнúܡ
Ůкһ˵ţȥѷɨøϢͷԹԵȥæ
Ůǽ̣к£ЦǰЩүʱ͸ǽˣ˵мСҪʱסҵ˼죬ʲôʱأˡ
˵ǸүӣƾҰְˣȻϿȷʵҪһ˵û
Ҳ֪ļǰҰ̷ֺ᰾ͽɽȥˣһǮûʲôʱǹȥоǸعһʱỹزҲûиǽҪô֪ǸţҲɽȥǡ
һᣬ˵̣оֵͦģҪûõǣⲻҵ
һ⻰Ӷʱһ飬æѹ˵⻰ǲö˵ģסҼܵøѡССصģõû٣ƽʱҲû˻иأÿ̫ɽԺ󣬶ˣܿ˸ǮҲԲ⡣
Ŀһۣ˵ʲôΪֹ
øݶԱ£˵ɲذɣҲ֪ˣûǰҲƹǰҳ飬Ҳˡ
̿˵ңҲǿõġʵҲһһľ֣ǳֻͨǸ˯ĵطСط·;ԶشɽͷǳƫƧƽʱʲôЩõ꣬Ǹ棬زȥҵЩС׼ģҲʶ˾Բס
жʱһֱûʲô⣬һƽʱҲأÿҲˡţϣסˣʼҲǰһڻؾҲĵģԸึһЩǮһ뵽״ۿǮͦģһƹشӦˡ
֪ϣǼŵļݾȫˣ϶и˿ڣѪܵģһǳ棬˶סˡʼû룬ֻΪʲôܵˣǵѰһҲûҵκأԼսһǮͳ飬ΪԼ˹бӦˣЩ뿪
Ƿ˺ܾõţ涼ûлŽȥһƾˡⷿǽϵϣѪ촲ʲôƵòӣҶһءع̨ܹһŷԼյģȻȫЩո˵Ļֽ
Ϊ飬ﵽĻ̵̻ģһûˣҲûˣһھͲҳš
һ潲£һ㵸ģ˵طϹʲôҲһˣһЩͲԸаײǽͷ⣬һһϼҳš
⻹Щ鷳Ȼʲôϵġ˵ҲСȤһûôŹֵĵطء
̿Ƕһı飬ĳĽһ䣬˵ЩǣʲôҶ֪ģɳİɣúԼûȤ
ĸͷҴĶû˭ĻˡȻ뿪ȥʰݵǲźϼһ¡
ң˵磬ҽ˯ɣл壬ʱҪʲôðҡ
ҿЦһ£֪ҵĽɫʲôʱһıɱ˵ȥˣССʲôû׼УġֻܱʾԼԸǵҶ
ûȣȴһ̬Ĳֹһ£ʲô
죬˵Ҿ룬ʲôɱ˵İϷǵöĵ˲飿
˵û׼ǶأӶȻɱ׼ţͺҼǰֹǸ͵Ķš
Ƕһۣ˵ŮݵӣҪǶײеֵزֱӳˡĻ˼ƭء
úۣϾҲ˵ֻð˰֣ǡʱ򣬻˹˵Ѿ׼ˣеִ٣˯һڸǺúʰ
һһл˷俴һۣŷҲ̫еĶˣͺũƵģмζ
Цݣզ
ͷ˵ѾܺˡϵЦݲŪ˼֣ǿ׼䣬ǳȥˡ
һɣоҪʱ·۵ҹͷɢˣǲϰַӣһʱû˯⣬ֻȥֿ
ҼվǽǷһڸʲô
ָǽϵһ˵ƣСĵͼš
Цһ˵Сط۾˵ģĻҪʲôͼô˵ţһҲչͷȥֻһǦѣǻҺĵʱŪģббܿͼϴŵķݽֵ֡СʱҲš
ҿʼûô⣬ɸոתоֺЩԾĵطתͷϸͼϿЩֵĲ֣ȷʵһ··̲࣬ɲ֪ΪʲôԽԽһϤĸо
쿴ɫŹ֣ôˣûֻǲʲôطⶫ뵽ֻǰ߹Щ·һһҵǰСӵĲ֣ڶľ׵¿ǸǴ壬ϿȻ˵ơ


180 
һ·ʱΪСƣݵĽľµĴӲͬһʼһûʶ⣬ĵͼһͷ·ҴǸۼʬɽиոճһԶԶĸӡеһжɱ棬һӾͷӦˡ
ɻı飬һʲôԵ
ҽĻ˵˳ҲͬһͼҲ˰ΣȻ̽Ե˵һ䣬ѵӣǶľ׵ǴӵԭΣ
Ӿͺ񻮹һɵ˵ǺеģķݽȻһֱڱ仯ɽߵԶĲֻûʲôıҲǿܵġ
ҰַڵͼϷצľ봦ûл۵ĵطűȻһ£˵Ҫ水ǲ²˵طӦþҵʱɽλá
˵ҲæĴ˹ԭίСһ¾ڵͼϱȻһڵλã¿һ·򣬾˵̷ָŵĵطӺɽﰡҪûŪҪҵĵعû׼Ǹط
ҳĬŵ˵ͷվǴĲҲûпܡһ£æǿóͼ϶Աš
ϸһƣϵĸֽ񼸺Ҳ;µĸۡ࣬Ұְǰ˵ĵعָҲͼָķλ
һ¸ᶨǵƶϣ˵Ǹ˻ǣǸʬɽʹعǵعﵽײʲôܣ᲻Ҳʬ壿
뵽ͺצһҪھͳȥع￴ԥŵҰְϢǿǵȫ⣬֮ЩŹֵֹ˵
ҹûڶ˵ʲôֻںúúͻӵڵȵȿʱ᲻Ϣͻ
ǸԷ˷䣬Һԭ˯Ͷסڸڡ
ҹɫԽԽұѾ˯ˣǲ֪ʲôоһֱһֱϷë׵ģеŪҺüζ˹ǿܣûʲôֵĶֻܵԼˣſΪ˵طһʱϰߣԲ˯̤ʵ
Ǹûһᣬë׵ĸоֻˡұ۾Ҫһ͵ķԼˣ󾪣۾ǰǺһƬֻе¹͸ǿΡ
ŬҪӴǲʹһ£һЧûСҿ뺰ŷҾȻҲ˵ΪԼֱŮ߸סˣû˭ҵֻ֡һǵϵļƤһ¾ˣһ亹ʱ򣬺Ȼһ΢ЦԼԼഫͺһ㣬ƺҺԶֽߡ
Һ΢΢һͣת۾۽ǵ⳯߿ȥʱоֽŷ
ҿһûҵԱߣ¹ϣЩ࣬ţ˯һһ׺һ㽩Ӳ
ԶһЩǱƺҲʲôԾĵطֶ϶ͺҪ˵Ǳס˲ӣһڶҲ쳣ʹࡣ
Ǹżû뵽ŵһ⵹ùӻİණˡ
ۿƲݺҧһݣһᣬŴ˸ⶫƴˣͷһתһû뵽ȻôˣͬʱתͷһҲѾˡ
΢΢һᣬѵƽǳ˵ĹѹɡȻǰûѹֲܶҲܷĸоͺЩĲࡣ
ҴҴææӴܵߣŷ۾ôģûпңԴѾ˾ʮȣڱ﹭лֶ϶ҳһûлӦһк
æҪӴҲϳŶ󺰣ֵǵ˼룬ȴûĻӦ֪ȥˣ
Ҳ˲ô࣬׼뿪ӣǸոհƿȻһֻ԰׵ִӱӵ˳סҵ
ұһһصһڴϣſӵ¾Ȼһȫ԰׵ĹȻӣһŹѰͣƿıӱԵܿ
һȭͳ˹ȥһȭ£ŰȻͲˡһȭգ͵ľĶϣһƺߣ͵һ¡
һܶˣæû¡
۾ŶӣһҡҡͷһⷿﰲʱӦûˡֳɤӣŶֺ˼ȴǺ֮ǰһһûС
ЩùһԵ·ϡ˵ţҹȥ
ҲղǾˣæסҴ·˵һȥҵͷСµл壬һǰһ߳˷䡣
ԺԵøⰲеŴŵߵǷſڣȴǷſţȥһϱ춼ЩңˣȴĪĲˡ
ڷһߣҺúüһ£ֶõĶһʣȫˡҺ򿪵ƣϸ˿ӣûʲô򶷵ĺۼоͺԼ˳һǳĹ졣
ղƹѹľ鲻ô򵥣һᣬȥǡҲһ˴˰֮ǰ̺÷ĵĵӱ䣬׼һȥ
ߵʱһ˸ֽ˵ǳȥһˣ⣬ʡһϻزŪġ
ǳӣվڽֵϳܿһᣬҲ֪ǲ⣬΢΢о䡣ֵû·ƣÿÿǺڵϹģȫͬŪǶЩţҪҸݵĻǾ֣
һۣҴ￪ʼң
ұ˵˷ͷȥӲò˶೤ʱ䡣תһǣ뵽״Ǿһ˸˹ȥ
ߵ÷ǳ¿¶ĸ䡣;һ·Ŷ֣ɳವʼնûз˵м
ûãǾѾһȦص̼ſڣɫǳѿѹֵܣҪҶĳ嶯ĬһᣬɽĿͷӺͷĴɽȥ·иϵڳҺţ˵ǽɽȥˣɽȥˣ
΢΢Щɣ֪ƾˣǲӦȥɽǡ
ʱȻһѣҿɫ࣬Ϊ밲ο䣬˭֪˵磬ûоãһ·ڸǡ


181 
漴һ㶣붼û룬ˢһ»عͷȥǳĽֵһۣһƬԾûκη֡
Ҫŵöֶ࣬ѾĵˡܹʿˮҪǻǰҿ϶ΪΪ̫ŵԵʶɹģʱУҲԲҵġ
ҳʹ˸ɫװʲôûֵӣ˵ǻһȦ֪ǲǿ©ʲôط
ҵ˼ĵ˵ͷȴʼûɿôţŲʶıúᣬȫעĶʱ۽ǵ⳯ź󷽿һֵۣǻǰһһֱһֱûκιĵطҸ˵ѵǴɺȻһ΢ͺŲ·ߵʯͷϻһ°㡣
һعͷͿʮ׺һģĺӰպҪ㵽һӵǽȥ
Һһ³ϵذףһͳ˹ȥ
ǺӰƺһŻŵתӣѾӾͳŷܹȥҾͺץһյһˣþȫ׷ţƳӣ˷·ߵʱ򣬺Ȼͳɽ˹ȥ
΢΢һᣬóȻ׷ɽֲ˸ˣһ붡û׼Ҳɽһҧͷϣ׷˽ȥ
ûܶԶҾͿʼˣɽľïʢ¹ⶼȫסˣҵ·ǳߣǰ漸¹꣬¸оЩʪûܳͱһӣŪϵӡǸӰֻųǰܣһֻŲ·״̬
ҴӵϷһҪ׷ϣæһѣ˵ǲܼ׷ˣɽֲҪ̫ˣû׼ͳˡ
ֲһϽ㣬ǺӰʧڴʧоǳʣ⻰ûȥǳɸ⡣
һڸһԸĵط£ϢһᣬúûŽ飬ʲôҲû˵ֻվڱϣǸӰʧķ˺ܾá
ҺƽĬ˰죬˵ǲǾǺӰЩ죿
΢΢һתͷҵĿǳĪȻЩɣǵ˵ͷ
ǺӰղܲĶƣ̬Ҷе㰫е֣оһˣǾСˡҲΪҲŻῪں˵ôһ仰
һֱ۲ķӦΪһС֮ʲôϵղž㲻ңҪ׷ǺӰҲǺܲ׵ġĻҲû
ںһȻΪǰЩĹϵǶеĵģԴҽ·ңԺ߿˵ʱʱ̶̿ڣûкСϵĻᣬҴղڴϵķӦС˲߻ʲôû˸ٵġ
ɴ˿ҾС˵Ļʱ䣬ʵҲûԶ߸߷ɵһֱߣǵһһһΣӦҲƸġ
ΪһʣҲ᲻ԾĽվǰָôŶ֪ҿӣδ־Щ̾һ˵ˣûʲôôŸ
ƲƲ죬εЦһ˵лɷˡһҾеš
ҿӣͬǺЦԱģʾ£Ȼ˵ʼվզݣǵĶܹ⣬ҲûǡҪְ֣϶ڴЩҲ²⣬ǰ£ҿɲظһˡ
æҡֵ˱磬ҪҰʲôҵҲУûġ
Цһͷ࣬˵ЩˣһϣӹþҪˣɽϻҲɽȽΣա˯һᣬҹڻȥ
ֱӣǿž绹˯ɣҳŵס
ҡҡͷҸڴǺ˯Ժܻᷢʲô飬ﵣĶʲô⣬ʵû˯˼ˡȻϳǿҼ֣ûҲ˯ˡ
ɽϱͷҪö࣬·ϵҲɵúܿ죬ҸˣֻиӡӿеࡣŹСʱɫ΢ɵɽϻһܿɢˣ峿Ŀ˸оһ˵̹
ҿɫˣͰֻ˯һĹϵоЩ䣬͸ðˣ⵹֮ǰû顣
ǰ·أԺȻܹ÷ǸоͺЩ·Ƕû߹ƵģϾʲôֻܹŴŵĵ·ǰ
ţȴоԽԽԣʱ򣬴˰СʱɽȻʱܵģٶҲһСʱˣȴûǰСյ˵վɽϣӦܹĿӵģڷȥǳɽȴӵһۼ
ԽԽԻܵľࡣΪߴ·ûע⵽ɽ·ĳڣתһ飬ֱҲŲòϣɽ·ˣ
ͣ½Ųſĵͼ¶ķǰӦþӲǷۿȥԾֻɭ֡
ﲻϵĸԼҪ侲ǰʱһ·˱ǣŵϻһͷǲֱܹԼ߹ĵ·ҪǺǵĻҲ֪ߵķ
ôһֱߵ磬ҽһûˡҲͬ۵ĲСֶֿʣòͣϢ
˭û˵ΪǶ˵ʲôͽ͵ˡӹúܣһֱǰ䶼ûתɾǿ·
Ϣһᣬ׼˵ϼ仰Ȼ͸оһҶʼ죬Ҳɴ˸ţһЦƻص֮С
ֱ治Ůһֱʼûͣ¡ҺͬʱվͷҿҪѰҳԴͷͺ޴һ㣬Ǹոȷһλ̾ͻתƿ
úܽͺͻȻܳʲôһԽǺ£ƫƫĹľЩ˻ߵӲͻȻˢˢĶ
Һ񾭶һеעڲݴ֮Сŵͣˡû뵽ǲݴ֮󣬺ȻֻӲһǣ¶˻̵
ҺͬʱһҲǾδĿһۣ˵ҵˡɽ·
һһ£˵ڲݴԺ
εһЦ˵ҸղһЦΪֹأŵöˡ
һ䣬ֳŲԶһָ˵ǰмӣɽסģȥңǼǿӾǡǸղŷͷš
ҡŶһתͷҪߣȴɫ࣬ɻĿһۣʹ˸ɫָָݴԡ˳￴ȥȻµĲݴ¶һֻĺë׵ģվܹŵһɧζ
ѹʱЩŪѵĶҲë׵ĸоʱǰЦ绨Ļ̣ѵֻꣿ


182 ɽ
⡰̡ûע⵽ǵ飬һüЦӣ۽ǵֻ¶ڲݴĽţֶѾ䱻·סذϡǶַһ·װӦǡ
ڱһҵ·ҵ˵һ䣬磬զǱҶġ
ɫֱ䣬һ£Цգ⡰ָ̡ŵķһۣЦȥǷӣǻһɽ
̡һϲĵ˵ͷ˵䣬ľګĻӦţ漴תӳָķ˹ȥҲʱͷһۣһﻹһֱվڲݴ￴ǣһ˫۾ҲͼûôţҾ;Լ񲻻·һÿһ¶ǧһ㡣
Ǵ߳ʮ׵ľ룬̲סֻͷһۣȴ̡֡ѾˣЩӲɽҡţ·ղǿһĻֻǻþ
Ҳһͺжһصͣ½ŲҪһͷϵ亹ΪЩ˽⣬뿪Ȼ̡ӱŵǶһͽ˳
Ҽæתͷһ̽һԴӶͷλãôߣﲻһǰƭǣôҲרҵ㲻ǣɵӿ⾰֪⣡
һ˫۾һתȻʣôˣ
Һһ´̼ò壬һʱûԥһᣬ˵ҪϢϢղɽת̫ãеۡ
ϹЦһ£æߴ˵ǰ߲þ͵ˣǵɽϢȥɡ
ͷвϴӦš̡ٺһЦȻͰԴ棬Ųһֲˡ
ͣȻŲ߳ȥôһףڳǰšҵһ䣬ʲô
ǰ·Ҳңֻǵ˵ӾǺ꣬ͺ˵óɾһ֣ҲֻǰлĹûɽҰһģͨɽǲġ
ƣѵôһ˵
ֽ͵Ҳ֣ͺҰְǰͷͷȮһģǶ飬ֶȽ⣬ƺèһҪǿһЩͨ޺ģϲ׽ŪˣȻҲ⡣
ڻ̼Ǹ£ǿңû׼ϵľֶѹֶò˺ȴŪ˼Щء
˼ŶǶԸ˵ġֻϣΪһʱˣˣˣҲˡԲҪ
һᣬȻһ䣬˵ҪȥǺ˵ӣ
ҲĿ˿棬ͣ½ŲûʲôֵĶҡҡͷ˵զǻţҪûʲô״ͼ٣Ǻˣ˵Ҳߴˡ
˵ͷĬұ߹˹գһûʲôֵ飬ѾӼٳǰ֪Ǹոһξ룬Ӽô׳Ĵ˳ͿǰһͰľݣͺסɽ˴Сӣǰһˣһѵľ
æͣ½Ų㵵Ŀ˶Էһۣѵߴ·˻
ǰҲֱ治ǹʼվòʶһѣ˻ûĴڣ˹ȥ
Ǹո뿪һξ룬ۿʧǵûüתи˿һ
ˢһתͷȴȻǰվϱЦЦ˼׽뵽ҺôţľݾͻȻ֪İԭĵطһĪĳ
ףǳĸߣôӣͺӲƵĺһײľǰ
˺ٺЦһĳȻֱɣȴļϸһ㶼䡣ҿĵӣ߽̲סһ䣬˵ҪлĻܲã
ˣɫˢף˵ЩҲλ갡ǲ޳ûʲôõġ
ɫһ࣬һĪչ˵ǻ˵˰ɣɽҲŵò壬ݺȱ裬Ȼӻɽ
ҪЦЦоϵļⶼڳ鴤ҺͺƣֻЩү濪˾뿪
ŶԷ߽һֻһż򵥵ľ͵ӣ⻹һ䣬ӣҲ֪Щʲô
Һ΢΢£˴һˮóӣ˲ͷǰо˵ǰĵȵȣһ̾ͻ֮Ļ
ҿ˿ڵĲ裬ԭ;ÿڸðĲˮ֪ôˣͺ޿ɱջһ㣬ֶ׼һڰ˭֪ⱭӸոոڿڱߣͻȻӵ³һţһӶʱ˵ϣһ죬ӺȻ˵һѹ
ҾԼղžͺסһƽ⣬ҲᶯĶǲ֪ôģˮ̲סҪȥȡ
ɻĿһۣżƺҪ˵ЩʲôΪһԣԲÿڵӡ
Ҳһһ۵ϵƬɫʱһɾлЦŵģǼһļƤ
ýŽƬһߣ˵ûû£̫ˣӶòȡеǣһͺá
һ˵ţһתȥ׼豭æʹɫк˵˼֣žǸĶǲ衣
Ļû˵꣬˾ƻˣ¸ŪһĻﻹڶ˿ƣɫԽԽͺҪšˮһǻһ䣬˵ôλˮ࣬䲻ǵθ
ҺŶԷܿԷнŵɫ˭Ҳû˵һ仰˺Ȼһִļϣ˵Сֵܣ治ԸⳢɽˮ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô֪ڶֻӣһӣһ»ð˳˵꣬ϵıӾͳϺݺһңƲҲæһܵҵԣñ۾Ӷʱһʼ˾ʮȣȻֱҶһǰϵĲˮȻȫճѪҺԭϻеѪɫںȻɷޱȣЩࡣϵѪӺޱȡ
һӣоŵĺһ䣬ɽ
Ҳ˵ЩקתҪӳȥźȻԵһ¾ˡôƾǴ򲻿վ󣬴͵ǣ쬵˵һ䣬ǰСӻһ·ˣϵ
￩һʲô˲Ժˣ⻰˼ѵ˵ͶҰ̷ְֺᰣ


183 ĹѨ
һ³ذףǰݺݵĵʣ˵ˣ
ЦЦĿһۣȻתӣߵǼǰֽǰƿ˵ơ
ĳſŲȥһһ澯עɽĶһ쳤ӳ濴ȥͿſڵĵطڷһŴ齣һ棬ݷǳ꣬ͺ˯һ
ҿǳ죬ϵ·ȫˣڿͺµʬ壬ûзŽײһ
һĭһǷŲŲɽַӣű˿һͺʶĸóһ·ǽȥһ
֪ȥܻ򲻵ΣգͶ棬Ҳܲܣֻһۣʾҡԥһ£һȥǱҾܾˣֱѪɽ˵ðţҪʲôҲҡ
˵ţִսһ䣬˵лᣬܣùң
ֱ䣬˺ܾã¶ĵĵ˵ͷ
˿أеذ׽ֽߵȥֵǣһ̤룬ܵľʱˣľʵǽں͵ذ壬ȫ˻ɫשʯûдоǳһһЩζ
Ӻ˵ԭŴ̵ı仯ȻֱӳһڹײġֻײûиӣҲûŵָζ
ֱ仯̫죬һʱûӦͷһۣķŶˣ涼ûгڣ·һ̤䣬͵һطƵġָо͵ڶľЩʵʵģ˷ֱ治
ұǰľŪøţڹײԱתһȦ׳ӳǰһǳìܣһϣײʲôûУһͶҺˡԴһȴײʵһˣϴԭϿǼ£ѾȫŤˣƤڹͷϣ˫۽һ𣬶ϵָףʮô
ֻһۣæ˻ĶᶯȻͺ͵ӰЩʬûʲôˡ
ɲֻܳǽ߿ȥҪײԶһЩǽţֹطҲ֪ʲôеģҲ֪û˽ǽȫǻҳһͺһǺұȥ
ⷿһȦǵһջûСĿⲻɳŹײĿ˹ȥ·ҪײķŽܵиͨСʱ򶼵Ұȥڸӡ
Ҷڵϣͨ·ĻӦþڹײ棬뵽ڵģſŰѶȥҪǲҲ²»һͨ·
֪һûϵĻֱⷿǲỹһ㣬žһͳͷϲϴ·ںһ㣬õϵĻҳɢ
һ¾ͽסˣſڵһҶ΢΢˼ӣҲתͷ͵ľͿײǽʬѾˣԴڹײıϣӸµĸңŤֻһƵľ롣
ҺȻһӹײﴫһ룬Ϳ⽩ʬָ̧֣ڹײıϻţＫָһһģһ߮ͣҵͷϡ
ҽźҪע˿Ҹոһһͺ̼ܵһ﷢һ͵ɫֳҵץ
һŪҾŲѣ͵ش˸նƣָڵһשʯĵ϶ʱӡӾһҪŪϣǻƤ
ҼæӵսذףȻҲ֪ذûãΪǰһȻǽʬƺʬżЩƵĵطذ׻ϣֻ᲻۲ġ
֮£ǣ˵ʬץƤ߱ҧĻҲֱʬģҿɲһӶȥֵط
ҽŵӹײֱӣ̶ûַһ£ֱͦͦľϥƺڹײһݣֱӳ˹Щָ׷·ҪֱӴҵһ㡣ҿӣҸûлֵĻᡣ
һӳһתǽʬڿвת䣬һ¾ʯ֮ϣָȫǽ֮УоӲƵġ
۳Ǹᣬذ׾ͳ͵һžĵطһƺͷһҶˣֻûеֻ͵ת˸ֱֱײһ£Ҷʱоһɺܴ·ײϵģͷһǰ˳ȥ
Һݺˤڵϣͷǻҳã͸оϱʲôţһǷڶл塣ҽóȻתһֵͷƺҺСһμʱ˵飬ͺ͹˸ʬֻ࣬Ǳ˸ʽѡ˵ʬЩʬƺҲǿһʬжҧҧôҽתӾ͵ҡ
ǽʬոҵ֧ͬ۵֣ӾҪץǵһ죬ĶȻһͣµƣȻͲˡʱϵָ׼嵽۾ȥˡ
ۿŶæһӰƵһߣĿʼײòƿһξ룬ȻиӣȻ󣬵ĿⷶΧѾܹͨˡ
ҸոոҪȥͨͻȻðһԴŵ͵һľͻȭ˹ȥ漴ˡӴһϸԴȻǶţңƿڴ
Ȼﻹ˵ĸˣæ
תͷһ»ǽʬ΢΢һ£ֿϵл壬ЦЦ˵̷С
û˼ףֻѵҲǱǸɽŪģ
һ˵϶Сүȥǰ˲ɣ
˵طŹֵúܣ취뿪˵
ȻֵĿһۣ˵뿪ⲻΪ˵طôʲôûҵ뿪ƨ
һ£Ȼ˵ѵҪҵĵعҸոջɽﰡ
һԴ˵̷Щ¼СûУЩҲģһɽ·ˣźȻһӣסһԱ㣬ǵڶԼڷصǹǲֻǱֱˡ
˵ģҲǷǳġֻû뵽ǻַʽع
֪⻰һ˵ȻЦЦ֣صĶ˵ⲻǸعҸղתưˣǸĹܴǺܼªĹǱɽϼһͽǸĹĹֵĵģ


184 β
׹ͲƵ飬˵Ҵ֪ҲΪΣգǶСġɽʲôϵҾͲ̫ˡ
˵ɽĹ߹Ųһֻͣ߶Щͬˡ߹Ƿֹ˽ĹѨɽרŰ˸ùĹַʳ
˼ͺһרѡʳ͸֡Щף˵طƽʱǽҰְǲҪҲ
ͷϸո˯£Ȼһʶ飬ôģרžġͱǴط;ɢˣһӦû㰲ȫһϹƣͷ춯ӣһΪˣһû뵽
ͷ˵ҿɲԸģΪƾ޹ʵʧˡ飬ڸһ㶯û
Ȼ̷ǳ򵥣ҸоҰְ˵ĹڹĹЩƣʱ׺ͷڱʱ򣬿Ҳһ顣ͷΪͺǽ񽻸һȻˣڽͬʱĹһ㡣
Ұ뷨Ͷ˵ˣһᣬҲͷ˵ܣڵ״ͺɽ࣬ǴǽĹһɫճӦȫģΪҪ񽻸ϡϾְֻ֣Ǹѣû׼Ҳᱻɵš
⻰Щģվ׼ھȥҳȻеߣɵϾǸӣҲֺĹ֣Ҫʲô״û׼ԼĻǶᱻˡ
ⷴӦҲվһѣ˵ȱ𼱣Ĺ˺ڵúܣզѡ⻰ȻϼûЩϾ鷢Щִ٣ȻĶˣĹõģ϶Ҳû׼á
֪һЦһ£˵ﲻֳɵ
ûŪ˼ͿϺٺЦţĿһǾ߲Ľʬ˹ȥӰóһѵߵʬԱߣקӾȥ
ֻһֻ־ͱȴûһѪʬȷʵ͸ˡ˶뷨˵һƺ̫ðɣϾҲҪصġ
ͣһۣ˵û£˲ںСµģֹ̣ʱ˾͸ûмɻˡ
ȷʵҲǣײĽȫס˵ײͽʱֻɢľ塣װһڹײȻס˳ڣֱ˯˹ײֱȥԲŻôһ־
ҿּƣﻹǾëȻġ෴ֵ÷ǳƽֳֻһ˵лʬͺá
ҿǵڽűߵĶϱֻۣȻ춼ȥжְһָֻߵԱͳƵĵطһûö೤ʱ䣬Щ÷ڵָһ¾;ֹһᣬƾͺһŻ㣬žȼ
ŵһɽζ֪Ϊʲô̷ᰳʬ峤ˣЩθǽصȼֱ۵ݸңҽӹôôŤ˭ñѵģ
Ҳû취İ취ﲻҲֻܽš
һǰһĴӶȥضἤһƬҳʬ׳ǰ˿ĹѨеĴ󣬵ڵϿȫͬͺһƵ¥㣬һ·߾Ƕʯңһһ䳯ǰȥ
ҳŸļʯ￴һۣ׶Ϊʲô˵һܴܼªĹÿʯҶҸտҲһĶûУڵһ׵ʱʧ飬ѹƿܼǸӡ
ҺͶ˸˹ȥ·ϵʯһû£һһ˹;һ뺰֣סˣ˵СΪû׼ʲôŰӣǰȥ͵Ҫʲôźá
ŹʮӣҺͶƵͨľͷǰĵ·һǽڶмֻһȺСʯţ˶Էһۣ߽ʯȥ
һ̤µĻŷʯҪЩϺܶ࣬ҲӿյûЩ෿䣬һտĴҳǰ˼ƺ˶ĻܹķΧޣֻ߽˲ܿ
ҺͶ˽ŲҪǰȻһѣָһҵ
һ飬һվԭһҶֻʲô˭֪һҺµӣһЦˣŷӦСҿءգ̲סһ
ҸһתֱһȻһʯ񣬿һСΩΩФƤ·ܿ͵һͺվһһûסһ
һⷴӦʱˣ˵ô̷ⶫúܱɡҸղէһΪʲôܳϸһƣڿӣҾˡ
һûֻǺúÿʯӣ˴Ŵ磬ҪʮӣûκαǣҲŪʲôݣʲô
ǿı飬̲סЩĻţŵúܴһ˫۾ɵÿҪ͹һ㣬ͺһǰʲôֵĶһЩˡֵǣһִƺʯĿ⣬ĿҺͶһ
Щµûţڿеʬǳǰ˻ΣȻ˵ƣǰ滹ء
ǰ˼ſǰȷʵвƵʯÿһ϶ͬľֱ飬ϵĴ綼вͬƺǲͬʱˡ
һһ˸㣬վԭһ£ĹѨӦѾǳԶˣ;Ӧòʲô˽еĹطܽδܹȥЩͬĵǴģѵﻹг˹֮⣬רŵĹˣÿʮͻʯ
ҳǰߣ˵˭֪ʲôأҲǵ¡
ҡҡͷ̾˿Ŵǰû߼һЩĵȴҵע
һֻ꣬ͨ巢ףֻа˸ߣһԱߣϵƤëɱ棬µĳ̶ȡ
üͷ߽һۣܵĺžŸβͣɢ󣬿ǳҴСͿٹھβĴ˵ֶЩĽᣬֶϴŲͱɫʡҿķæкǰûע⵽ⶫѾߵǰȥˣҵŻͷһۣɫͱˣһ³ϵĹĺһСģ
һ£漴عͷͻȻͿǰβ۾תһ£ֱĶң


185 
˫ɫ۾ܹͶӰĵӰͻ⣬ҲһĶңǿ۾תΪβǵһĴڡ
һһµڵϡʱǰľβŶһ£ǰȣ߽һԴսһ֣ӸµĿҡ󣬾ͺһһ㣬ȻѿͣзʵƾҪҧ
æȥոҪӣǱߵļʸȴѾˣݵһǼʸͺһ⣬ٻΪһ¿϶ӣ֪֪һӳűһ㿪ʸĹǼͷһ²˺ȻɺѪҺͺʯҲһһ
βˢһתԴе͵һ򶡶ĿҲԹ֮
ﻹ˵ϿͳŶǱ˹ȥһ·ӦȻ׷Ҿ͹ˡ͵һˣֻһ²ұϣҸоͺһʯͷһ㣬صҪֱһһľ͵ڵϣֻʬĻҲһ·˳ȥڵϻĽ
վڲԶΪͻȻԵʣ״ٳٲһҳŵµĿյڵ͵һ걻һײʱˤһԣҸͻȻԴһƥһ쳤Х
һֻöĤۣһŷ־ȻѪˡҲ֪ôģһǰĶĪĳӰԶĻѣĸһ
ҡҡԴŶ˹ȥȴǰҶӰӣΧһͷֱ治˭˭Ǽ١ֻŹңſ˵˾ʲôȫ棬ǺХڲϵĻţҵĶЦһ㣬졣
ʹͷҪԼһЩʱ򣬺Ȼоһֳֻ˹һ·סҵӣоЩůɻĻͷͿ̶ҵԣ˵ѽôˣ
Ҳ֪Լĸԣǲܳطģ⻰һ˵Ҿͺҩһ㣬ĻԹԴӵ
ǰԾɻ㱵Ŀоͺܵһжתһ㣬תͷŶһۣͻȻͷҵı֣ںγֻɫľβŵ˳һһӣɫ۾עһһ·ʱᳯҧȥһ
Ҽæذץ˹ȥۿϵߣ־ͽĺ˦˳ȥ˵һֱӲһֻĺȷɹʺѪҺʱԱ߲Ұ׵ʯϣŪѪ
ҸոҪһͻȻͿŭңһ˵̷ʲô
ǰľȻŤǼֻβһʧԵӰҲͻȻûˡֻԼۣѪָﲻʳ
ʱ˵һʶĳĻ̿˹ȥŷӰҲˣֻԭֻ꾲һԣ˫ֻʣͫ׵۾һĿҡ
ʶԼΪһХǰ˻þʧ˵˶Ϊ¾ͱһŭͷһ˿ҲûˡҲ֪ҪﻹôģȭͷҪǺ˹ȥû뵽һᣬ¾Ȼȫˡ
æͷһҴӽŸʼϾȻһɫͺʯһĶҽԭأƶֺӿµǣǾȻϳӹ·ò˶ã嶼ᱻЩʯϰһ㡣
֪˸Щʯ϶ǴĹѨԺӱôɣı˵񡣾滹û͸ΪֺܶȴĽ֣Ҳֻһ·
ۿҲڹвǾβ겻ڿңתԴŶ˹ȥҲǳֻţû뵽ⶫôаţֻ⼱٣ƺղŵһЩǣЩ¡
Ҳ뿴䵽һ³ſͳһܣ
һ£ңֿ߽ĺ꣬ɫֱ䣬һҧ˵һ䣬̷ţȻתͷŴĺڰ˹ȥβ꿴ܣݵһ¾׷˹ȥѩ׵ӣܿʧںڰ֮С
ʣһˣÿϢһΣоһѹȸУǸɫǣÿһأѹȸжһ֣Ҵ
ǳûףһϣŶܹæһ־Ըֻ꣬ѹִ˵Ｘоβֵĵطһѡͺ槼һ׵ĳˡ
ôţ΢һǲɫǾȻѾҵؿˡҸоԼϻۣϵѪҺѾѹͷһƵòСֱԽԽҲźȻⶫʯҲͬ治ϳЩȥС㣬ȻΪһ壬һǿ·С棬ϣϻҪСһЩϵĳ
һƤ̲סҪЩŪȥָոһǣͺȾһ㣬һɫҶˡ
ЩڣǺѾˡֻĿǲǣЩؿڣͺܵʲô̼һˢһˮһ㳯ȥϵĳֱӵڵϣЩשʧˡ
΢΢һ£ֳؿһѣ͸оѪҵӣƺһ㷢һϲæѪקЩɨȥֻһЩӾͺɢڵϵһգȫطﲻˡ
΢΢һ½ǣϱĵطССĺ㣬Щǳ֮⣬û쳣ĵط
ҿѪ꣬Цһ¶£ֱܵһػȼյʬǰ׼뿪ķ׷ȥҸոսʬͿǰһʯĽţһ˫ҼܶεЬӡ
΢΢һ£Ż̧ͷŻ⣬һۣʱһȵ÷
ǰʯ񣬾Ȼź͵һģһף
Ҳһ˫۾·ҲڿңУһӵơ·ôһ˲䣬ͱЩӶһ㡣
̽Ѫ곯˹ȥﲻѪǲǻӰ죬Ψһܹ뵽İ취żûа취˼ЩӸסȫ֮󣬾ͱһһʳꡣ
ҵǣɫĿǣһѪӽѸٵ߽⿪һһ㽫ϵĳ̧ͷһǱǰƣվԭһ·ѾûԼʶһ㡣


186 
ŵҪеĻѴսһЩϸһȻֵӰѾЩˣĿ׶ͺǳܳСһ㡣Ϻʯһ־ֵ顣
ģЩ£Զһ״̬һ£һܹ壬ûбôޡ뵽ҵָոʧȥ֧ŵĶһ㣬һصһҵڵء
ԽԽţɵһᣬȻظһʶֻоԼֽŷŶû׼а취ʵڲУҸڣҲǺõġ
ҽѷһԣ̧壬Ϊ˷ֹȥƤ˳ҵıϡҪ뿪תһ룬˵Ǻһģ˵Ҳһߵܡ
΢΢һ£ŻڸһȦÿһʯ񣬼ֿԼ¶ʲôתȦȷû䡣ųһһЩŶķ׷˹ȥ
һ·ֱƽʧֻۣ;ѪżǽϻһѪӡȻ۾ЩҲ̶ã˵żû˾βĵ
˳Ѫһ·ɵһʯǰѪȻͲˡҹ˲ô࣬Ҳܻ᲻ỹֱֱӷ𶡶֣ҵúԶʼû
ãȻһۣǰڰֻһ˵Ӱӡһ¶ͷŷԼ亹Ѿˡ
ҵͷúÿһµϵѪƺָǰһʯҡͳûӰҼææ˹ȥǳһȴһӰûУҲֻĺ꣬·Ƕƾʧһ
ǰѰң߳־òԣ˻ʯ¿һֽۣžͳˡ
ղŻһĵطȻһųӣǹ˶дֵĮ̇ëʣеĵطųľᣬȻ˻ҳվλãܿдּĻŵǣⰸ֮󣬾Ȼһˣ棬һ
ҳǰҲ˵ʲôԭȻżҪҳŵľᣬĪľд֪Ķ̲ס쳤Ҫȥ
κĻΧޣѾһ룬Щ̣Ѿûǰˡ֪飬ŪѵʱҲͲȰ趡ˣֱӰǽʬĴȸ̧ߡ
Ҳò߽һЩÿһܻʱעǸڰϵˣֻҪһȾܡԱߣʼնûжһ£ͬûзɾ裬ֻǲԴȥдŵݡ
һЩʧΪҸֱ治д壬˽ֳ̫󣬶дҲʲݣֻϡʶƺᵽĳۣէͷͽβеһƪĹ־
΢΢˼һ뵽ϣĪһͺ˼ȫһ
һ㱼ǵڶľ£ԼȺʬΧʱѪˣ·ʹһ佫׵Ĵ硣ҼǵļƣȻѾˣһãȻȺʬһӢ
뿪ľ׵ʱ䣬һֱǸɽװ˵Ļ²⣬ＸеĴүûһȺšи󵨵뷨ɽµӣǶľ¾ǴԭΡķλͺľǸûгڵɽ
طѲɾǴүķĹ
ھǴ￴Ǹ̷ҸۡĴ̶ȣּ佫ݣҪ˽ôһĹѨǸܣҲǸġ
үʬȻڶľ£Ҳ˵ʵǸĹЩʬ壬ɾòǴүˡ
ֻôһҾͲˣȻﲻôʬǺαʦڵĽһطȲڷŲҲ츣ѡĸһٵΪΪʲô
ҾãЩ벻׵ܣû׼ҰְҪĿ֮һ
СȥҪӵ³ϵĶûãʹֻǼŴүʱ¼˽ˣǷǳؼģܹȥ˰ݷһҲС
ÿСģˡһ£ᱻѹ£ܴĸǶȶû취
Щֹ꣬ͣ۲һ˵ƣëʣִԣͺдⶫˣϢһ£˯оȥһֵǣ¶֣ȻܷۣҲֲҰ׵ɫҲûһ㸯õļ󡣾ͺողȥһ㡣
̧֣סǿɵڣ΢΢һ̧־ͱŲһߣ;ûзκ顣һƵҪԴҲƿ
ڱȲ֮ǰô򵥣ֶ֪ţקסͷ죬һ⡣ԽǽšԽЩϡŹֵҰͷˣȻһ˫۾֮ࡣ
֮ͺܶͨһԭûκιŹֵ飬ƫƫԼԼŪġ
˵ʵĲ뿴˵һʬĺۼûУ˧þ춯أҶ뿴һۣΪǻᳯĵطǣܲȥͲȥ
Ұͷ࣬ҪȴȻ徹Ȼ¶ȣһҶϸһ£ע⵽ʬ徹ȻںţȻٶȺҼؿڵȷȷʵʵڼţ
ҡžһɿ˸ŵֱǽϡﲻɾ𶡶ƽʱ˵ġʬⶫϷǳӣ˼壬ǻŵʬ壬ʵʵѾˡ
ô˵ֶǶԸ˵ġֻһͷǸϿӣ˭֪ҽһȻһ£ˤʺطשʯ棬һˮնûУȻһһ¡
Ӳû׼ʬʬ¶ˡǶŵһƣȻֵһ̲ѪϿҲע⵽ЩѪȻǴ˴ŵġڿֱ۵ĵط·Ѫӡһ顣
һ飬æֱ˵ԴһǶ˭
ѹߵطȻҲˣҲֻ⼸Ӳôͱӣϵ·ˣͷҲúܳѾһͷˣ
˫Ŀգұҡҡ۾һһʱЦЦ˭֪ңĮƽʱȫͬ
ҶûЦ͵ıһѣѹŵڵϣɻĿվϵ˿ڣĿңȻһ˵˵һ䣬Ǻˣ
ڵ״Ȼһǡˣ


187 Ѫ
ȻǰҲͷŮʬϹһԼĻǣЩͱŮȥˡǶڱԺ飬ûκӡȫҵǲҲƵı仯
ǰʺ̸¶Ѿȫı䡣׻һϤ֮⣬оϳ׾ͬˡŭң·һԴİһ޲һƵġ
Ҵӵվӣһξ룬ĿⲻƫеĶű˴ˣĬ˺ܳʱ䡣յһֱһζΣõŴףõĺߣֵطȥЩ
ֳҺһ䣬ԴĲİײ׵ĻҲЩͬûлش𣬵ɫһ䣬ŰƴС̨ץ˹ȥƾҪҹ
ｹѣеȴʹã˶塣ĹҪնöģǲŽ̶̵ʱ䣬ôĹ¡Ұְ֮ǰ˵ЩЩǼûκζЩ־ͽӶĳˡ
Ҳûиҿǵʱ䣬ս̨ץҵԴֱֱ˹ҪҶÿ죬ᱻҵñҲһ̨һǽϣûڵأͱһɺ̣ȻˡָоͺеĶʵڵģʵʵܹ˺
˿һУǼһȻγһϵ彣Ҫ̲סһһװʲôָ֣⽣ʵʵķŻ⣬ܸоɢĺ⡣
תͷͳܣܱҲܾôԴУŪСˣҲһӱҪáҸܳһξ룬ͷͿ׷˳ŽͳͷϿҲǵȥնһָоŹֵҪͺڲں͹򽻵ײ˲֪ĸԽķһɱ˶ġ
Ҳһó赶ŪģŽҵĿذ׵Ľһʱ˭һһֱתţôҶȥ϶ǰ취ϱŵȻȫûʲôЩӰҵжֻԼϻʲôĶѪĻ϶ǲõģһС鷳
ΨһʣµĶֻлˣ˲ͨλ꣬Ҳ֪òá
Ŭڳһֻ֣Ӷｫлó۹һɨɫȻ䣬æеĽֻʵ˺һһ޳
ⷴӦЩҵϣû뵽ȻҲ֪л޳Ķҿ϶ΪСˣɱңûкùӳԡ
Ȼ֣ȴ֮ǰһû˿⣬Խһ±ùŹֲѣҴŴ㶵²Ҫлһ£ܹܲĻǴ㲻УܹҲҪںõöࡣ
ϧ˷߽һ˺һᡣȻʱûΣգκζҲûκα䷨ץģ˵ԭǸǰ棬Ȼعͷȥڵͨ֡
ĶйɣֵķȺڴݰһ㡣£Ȼ£ֱ¡
Ҳ֪ôʲôĿģֲõԤС
Ȼ룬ݵĳ֮·ԭһķ䣬Ȼһһɫ΢ÿʯ͸·յҲҵġһ˲䣬ԭŵĹȻ˸ָŮڿޣкЦ˵Ĳҽһ»صģ﷢š
һзתͷ򶡶ʱ򣬲ע⵽ϴһֹŹĪЦ⡣ҿڳһʲôɿЦһ仰Ҳû˵
һ˲䣬ҺȻˡ
ҿǰЩʯź󣬺ȻһһԴЩͷģܶ඼ǵ٣Ҿܹоǵ߶ҵϡһһյʯңͺһùּľӵķ䡣ǰһһӰûгھͺܵٻһȫˡ
ҾȵǰһУһͷҪܣû뵽ͷһȴĵ·ҲӰӷ߳һһҶ
ǰû·ͺ񱻻һܣվԭسѣ֪ôźáԥţҺȻüһתͷһûٵѾԣͷмֽֿұϰǿŬҪҵʶľͽذ׳˹ȥȻûͣһܹһϴ
ոһ֣ҼæסǽϣסĳţЩŹӰ߳ģûһʱ䣬һߵѾֹӰҷȥһеĵط
ǳҲϾ£ֻǸĶվԭһЦĿҡ
ֳ棬뵽ڶľ£ʬΧ޳ľ󺹣˵ı治ܱ޳ˣʵڲӦִܵģ
Щ־ͺѾ϶һ½ΧһϻԹЦֱë
Һҵ趯еذףҪǴϿȥذ׻һЩֵӣ۵һŤܾĹӮԽԽ࣬˫ȭѵȡοһ˱ôӰΧţ
ֻһͱһֱѪָܵץסϷ飬һ¾͵ڵϡţǹӰץס˻һʱһӵϣұ˺·קͷܶʱоԼ嶼Ҫ˺һ㣬ƺиʶǲôҵ壬ȴҪҵ·ǾҵŪԺ󣬾ͻ޳޷ֵһ㡣
ˣϻ۵ôѾֱ治ھжֻҵ壬һͲ԰׵֡ҲұקȥֱûڹȺ֮Сйֵעҵϣû˭ȥע
ô˲ãҺȻһĵͨĲԶͺ񶡶һ㣬ڶУֻЩӰƺһ¡صʽһ
һûӦӺȻͱܵĹǽҵӾٹͷƺڻӦٻһ׷תӣҳķҡҡλε˹ȥǸĶҲͬ
Ҳ֪ҪȥʲôطֻôһֱǰţƹһһֱͨһǰܵĹַ׷׿ǽߣЩҵĹóһͨ·
ҸձǴŵһȳζǺҲ³ҷ۳һ澹Ȼһܴĳӡ˰ѪҺݶϣȴ߱ŸѪʬ壡


188 Ѫ
ʵ󲻳ôһѪҪɱ˲ܹۼŷϹŵʬ壬ͺֻص˶ľɽһ㣬ֻͬǣЩʬ嶼ǵŵģ˫ϰֱӱԴɱһŹѪҺ
ʵܲżȳζﲻסûסһڣʱͺ˶һתģ۾̼ÿЩģ
ĵûĸ飬·ƾճֵһ㡣
ұ̧ӱϣֻǹȳζǿ࣬ϣԼڲúţҿǸĶ˽ҵߣ˿ңֿ˿صѪȻµĹӰһ֣һŵơ
ɫȻһ䣬Ҫһ£漴͸оһᣬЩ̧ҵֳſкݺһףֻͨһ˾ͱѪ
͵³˼룬ȴûеףʶѪرҪöģұͨĳˮҪճ١˺ܴŴӳԴոðͷʹһ۾ѪҺסҪЩѣҽ⡣вѪҺ˳ҵ˽ȥζⱲӲڸܵڶΡ
ţȷԼȥϺݺݲһѣŸоˬһЩڳųرһЩۼĹֶѾȥˣͺϷһ㣬ϷˣǾɢˣֻбĶվעѪеҡ
ҺЩ٣תͷ³ӵһͷҲͬǿտҲûйӰεһתǱιȥҪԼѪ;תͷһֱۣڱ󣬾ȻûҪֹ˼
ҹܲô࣬Ŭĳǰţû뵽ҶѾҪرˣҲѾʯϣﻹһ룬Ȼ͸о³ʲôһקסҵĽףҳųص͵һ鷢̫죬Щ⧲ϻٶȱѪˮ֮УǶקңǳٵȥô룬ɿҵĽס
Ѫ۾ǿκζܹоܵѪˮڲϵĻζ·ʲôΧζһ㡣
ܻӶһ£ҪǶϿȻżΣͷʱ̲סݺһŷǱĶ˵ȻΪ֪ûдѪߵ۾ԾɴҲҵЦݣ˲²͸˼
ҲһҶѪʲô˼ҿƶǣӼһµѪҺ棬ɳӵµһ߸ʬɻǣҵ޳ѵַŪԺ󣬾û˺ǶԿ
벻ףҲúоֻǻһۣҪһὫԼطŪȥҸո̧֣ȻԼƳŲʲôճ档һʼΪЩѪҺԵʣϸһƣŷϲͷÿһܳܳƸѪˮ֮ϡ
һʲô˲ˣҪЩͷֶĸвּ࣬ǲôû취ЩͷȫץһͷҪ˦һߣһ֣ȻԼͷʲô
һæͣ˶ţͿǰѪˮˣͷԽԽ࣬ںһƬȫƯҵǰ
һ룬ȻһԴѪˮ˳ЩͷȫͷƤϣס˴󲿷ֵݡԭΪԼǲϷˣϸһǰⶫͷͬԼͷϲȫͷֻⷢ˿ѪҺһ𣬿˶⣬Щˡ
һŮϵƤǳİףѾЩΪոմѪԵʣǲҰ׵ϣҲȫǳѪҺоͺѳ飬۾ȫѪһǳˡ
Ҵ˹ζһ˹ģѪˮһǳǳĲơ
ҿʶľתҪӣҵٶԶԶûô졣ҸոѪˮתӣһֻմѪ֣ȻʹҼͷ˹ҳźһ˾͵˻ȥһײŮϡ
ŬҪѣŮǳһֻסҵĲӣһƹֻŶһ²ҵϡԴҵļͷͱôһֹƣһĸѪ֮УȲȥҲѲˡ
ֻϷǳ䣬Ǻһ㡣ҪƿһƤͻˣ·ץסŮһҲǣŮȻû·ϳģҽס
üͷĶҪšˮˣⳡص㻻ôôޣһа뷨ûУûˣ˭˵顣˵ˣŮҲǣǸôҪϲǣŵһμ棬ܱĥʲô
ôţһ취ûУô취һŪиֵͷ˵ⶫѵС˵ЩרŲŮɣ
ظҵϣҼĶ˰һĪչʱ򣬺ȻŮһЩȵ̧ͷһ˫Ƶ۾µĿһۣͻȻһѾͽҸƿˡ
û뵽Ȼôһôһ£͸оԼؿһ̣æһŷѪһֹŹֵķӦǰֶһֱĸоȴȫ෴
ر߱ĶֵġסһҲһɶĺͷԡŮɫˣˢһ¾ûѪصײһûӦôһ£ͻȻоӵѪҺڳڵλþ£һЩѪҺһ㡣
ֻоѪԽԽ̣ҪժѪҺ߾ۼٶԽԽ죬ָոȥͱɼһ壬оȻЩۣ
ҲҶֻۿѪ䣬ûʮ룬ҺȻѪˮȻѾ֮һѪˮļ٣ҵӿʼ³ر߿ҲԽԽߡûֹͣѪԾڲϽѪҺȥԴԴϺûֹһ㡣Ȼ֪ѪܹѪǴûǹô벻ôͲᱻˣмȷģǽѪûʳôѪҺֻţһн֮Ѫ겻Ҫʲôı仯źá
ۿѪˮԽԽ٣ҵĽҲ˳ӵײΪﳹ׸ɺԣѪ꾡Ѫˮ֮СۿѪˮףǰǸŮû취ˣƨſڳӵײӷǳҲЩΡ
ҳűһҪûʲôȥ֧ûУŮһ͸һŵóǰŪҲ֪˵ʲôá


189 
һֱڳصȳص׵ѪҺȫѪɣҲʶһεĴӣӱ޹ûһգһЩ壬ʯ֮ϣǶѪĶ˿һ۾ûθڡ
ڼǸѪˣϵ·ֻҪһšγٲѪաǸŮѪˮ֮һֱڽҿһۣ̲סһ¡ںҶʲô˺һ㣬ȫûǰֲֿ档
û˼ֻʯϲţҳҪϳضȥ˺üΣʵ̫壬΢һξ룬󶼻ÿһζˤúأϢϺóʱڼϡ
Ķһֱվڳر߿ҵĶʼգû˵һ仰ı֮ǰһ˵й֮޲üͷšһĿͺĽһ
ֻһۣûڹᡣȫȫҳһԼܹ뿪طҲ֪Լ˶ٴΣҲ֪ˤٴΣòҪرߣǽֺȻһһЩԵʧ䡣ǾҪȥʱǳرߺȻһֻһ½קסҵĸ첲
׹ڰУһ£ſֻ־ץסرס壬ץסҵ˺һ䣬˵̷סˣж֪
̧ͷһû뵽˾Ȼ졣嶼ſѪرԵŲԼҵȥѾͨˡ
Ҿͺ񿴵һһϲһţ־ץ˳ӱԵһӾȥˡһѣһ˾ͺһɥѪرϴŴ
ԱߣŸղץסҵֻ֣¶һı飬Թ˵̷ô£ˣϳҪ
ҺٺЦһ˵ֻҪܻţҲԸ⣬Ҳֻϴ顣
һûٽӻֻ̧ͷһѪض棬Ǳߺһ䣬˵һô£ʲô磿ݵӰأ
΢΢һ£ŷӦںͶ˵ֻ㶼һﻹڶվţæһҪȥ죬Ķ㿪ˡֻ̾˿˵ǼһﲻǶˣû취ǸǸŪ
ƶǶġŶһŶĿ˱䣬˵ѹ־òԾأСûеʱ
ҵڻܿЦֱӷ˸ۡźٺһЦ˵ڹȥȰȻ취
һǰѪأȺͶףǴȥ棬Ȼûа취˵ʵ⸽ڶϵļһаŵúܣô־ͳˣǾȥ˵Ҳûа취
ͶԭһطȻɢˣȻǻѪصߣ˵·תȥ˿һ£ƻȥˣҲһЩ˾ͳڰ˵ˣЩ飬Ȼڿǡߡ
쿴һۣд㣬ʲôҲû˵ֱվӣתҪ뿪
ʱǸȻ˵ˣһ㡣һͷһۣŭңȭͷţ·Ҫʬΰ㣬˵һ䣬Ѫ꣬޳֣֮Īⲻɣ
⻰ӲһƺѪ꼫Ϊ˽⣬ǰѹŵǸдн¼ľᣬû׼ˣǺʹүͬһʱģҲУܹϢ
æһ䣬˵⻰ʲô˼
Ŀңᶯһ£³ĸ˵֪ʣ
ԴͰʮ˱ģתһ룬˰ҵ޳ˣּѪУΪΪӦ֪е顣ȻЩźֲ˵лΪҴû뵽Сҵ飬һ죬ΪҲܱĹӺı
˼Ҳתͷ˿죬۾΢΢һ£Ȼ˵꣬뵱ɹ֮ˣһ޶
ȻȷӦ⻰˼üۺȻһ࣬ʱŭˣ˿ĵӣָһ䣬˵ǿҰְֵģ
ҿʼûΪʲôôķӦɺһ룬ڳ־棬־ӣԼòǵǵߵһԴͷΪĹĹ֣ףŲòеҿżģʱףû׼ҲΪԵʣһʱ򣬲ŻӦôˬ졣ҲҲҪҳһеס
վڶֱ۾мĺһ길̰Ϊ
һ䣬һ˦ӣٶ˵һ䣬ֱתȷţ·ƲסģҪ׷ȥҽûȥ
ֻô̶̵ʱ䣬˾ʧǵˣ͵Ĺʱȥ˼ǳǿܡҿȻǰԻûӸղǼ仰ع
̫࣬鵽˽죬ʲôزˡֻת»⣬˵ôҵġ
쿴һۣû˵һϹתƣطͺԹһʼˣҲˡҵһᣬ춯ͺڻ̼˯ԺҾ˳ҹˡһͿվڶ棬ҪͷСӾȻſ
εЦһ˵Ҳû취ͱȥˡ
һۣҪ˵ЩʲôɿңӲ˻ȥһӣлҪ˵֪ôڣһ¾ͼˣ˵˵ʲôֱӵ㣬µģѲɻղ˵Ļ
ҡҡͷ˵ǡֳĬһᣬȻң˵̷㣬˵﾿Ǹʲôط
ӱѪҺһͷһᣬ˵ʼյİְֵ˵ΪǸعǺ˵ǸĹҸղſһЩұȽƫ򶡶˵
һ̧žҼϣ·ϵѪֺڵ˻ȥ˵Ͷˣطְ˵кܴ룬ԼҲˣֵĻмֿţ
üͷ˵ʲô˼ڻҰ֣
ԥһ£ұΪص㣬ӦǾҰְиаһЩû뵽һᣬȻĵ˵ͷȻ滳Ұְ֣
һ£ûýʲô쿴ҵԥȻ˵Ϊ־һǶԵģҰֲҲҸˡڲĻҸݣ
⻰оĪһ˵ʲô
û̻ش𣬶һסҳſߣһһ˵Ҹղŵתʱ򣬷˵㶫ͰŹˣһס
Ҳ֪еġָʲôǳ˷䣬콫űһգҾͿһ߽һŷһʬ壬֪Ѿ˶ˣҲ⣬ϸһᣬȻͨһȻ֣ǰʬ壬ȻǶף
ɼȻʬϵģνʬĸף˭


190 ʯ
ҽŵʬ壬ϵ·Ͼɵķ񣬶ʱվˣ΢һͱᳶơʬѾˮˣûиõļҲûбĹ˺ҧĺۼܹ˷ֱݡ
ʬ˵ȷʵûҴطǵһѰٵڡɶҸ׵ݣЩԽˡ
ʬʬܹҪռñ˵ӡǸڿҸ׵ˣŵǣǴģ
ҵң죬⼸˼ң֪鶼ϸҸףǧ˿Ƶϵֻǲףֱ˵Լʵݣ飬Ҷܹ⣬ΪʲôҪôһ
쿴ҳĬĶʬԱߣһѣ˵̷᲻һı
ɻĿһۣȻûӦ˼׵ģӦ룬ܵĹѨ᲻Ϊ˴ҸıĲΪ֪ĿġⳡѰϷʲôĽɫ˭Ҳ˵
ҳ˼һᣬվȰʬˡ˷֣װ֪ȴȥԺоڶЩͿˣ֪Ĺﵽ׸ʲô
ͷ˵ԣȾ䣬ȥԺҪǸαװְֵˣ˵Щʲô㡣
Ӧһûڶ˵콫еĻݸңҽӹоǶѾյúˣòȡʬ̧ΪûˮֵԵʣôŵתתȻĹѨײǻеģȥҺͶ߹·ʬڽʬĹײȥ˱ϾǶĸףȻûطҲûʱúŪһ񣬵Ϊҿڹײģ黹ܹġ
ĹѨ˺ܳʱ䣬һ·߹ѵûʲôϡŹֵ飬ǰ·ȫ˲֪ٱѹһתƣһⶼûзͬģҲûҵκõĶܳЩտյķ䣬Ҳκõ
ͣһ£žղĵ·أ˲ԶͺȻͣסŲָָϵһ䣬˵ҵ׵ʬġ
棬Ƿ߽һЩվ濴еĵطһѴƬ״Ӧþһƿ
ΣӦþף黨ƿĵط˼·˵һǸװҸ׵˵ĻܹӦҲ֪֮ǰǻƿʱôģڿı飬ҲѾȻˡ
ļ˵߰ɡ
ͷûڶ˵һ仰ǰУûãȻһ䣬˵Ҿ͵ɢġ
ҿܵĻüͷǰֻһ·߶ֻǽڣķ䶼ûУճҪɢǾԲܵġ
ͣסŲϸϸһ£ѵʲôŹ֣ûע⵽Ļأֳܹ·콫ʬ£˵ͷҿ
ҳһ£ÿУ·Ұ˵·һ𣬷ֱϵϣ˵Ҫʲô·ͻȻ֣ˣ·ǣҲ֪ʲôطȥ
ЦЦͿʼڸѰ·Сģ·Լһ̤ʲôһһȦһҲɻǲԼжʧˡ˰֣˵еĻǼǰǺͶɢĵطȥ
һʵûа취Ҳֻͬˡ֪Ҹոճǰ̤סһϵ·ͻȻһҼæعͷȥվԭһɫһӾͱ÷ǳѿֽŶЩƲסĲ
ΪʲôµĶŵĿ˿ܣûзκ쳣Ĵڣ̲סһ˵ôˣ
Щ״εģһĭſ˵̷׵ʬ塭ȥˣ
΢΢һ£˵ղŲ㱳
ѵĵͷ˵ǰҶʱ򣬾Ͱˣ;˼ۣԭأںȻûˣ
Īĸоһæ߽ŻתһȦɸտһƬʬȷʵƾ޹ʵʧˡű˴ˣȵ˵
ļµһۣ˵ʬòԼվ˰ɡ
һ±ĳݵ棬ǰǽں͵·ѰţŵʬȻϢעǣźһƬڰȥ⾰ȻأԽϸҾԽֽŷ
ҡҡͷҪͷʡԼԼŻˡֻҰοһģ˵ģʬԼ춯϶ҲһЩģǿһ㶼עⲻ
һ˵꣬ȴûĻӦǼٵĺûһ㡣Ҳ̧ͷһۣԭתһȦ쾹ȻҲˣ
Ҿҵǰһ׶ûУôˣǰϵ·Ѿ⿪ˣֱڵϣȫûá
һ¾ͻˣ֣֪ǸóǰǳȥһĪչȻ͸оһˮϣġһǺܴһ̲Щʶļ̌ͷϿһۡ
Ҫèľͫ׶Ӧ÷Ŵ˲Ŷԡǻ谵ʯڶϣ˵һ˫۾ϴֲϵĻҪץסңݶܸߣҲ
Ҫǣ壬һȫڵĹץţӰģһһĳʯ֮ڡ
ҿǹףҲ֪ŮֻһֽסĿڱǣһͺĬһԴ˳۾ȫףһźӰԣŵúܴǼѾѵ˶λáĿˮϵ
Ҽæ⿪ϵ·ӳ飬ͬʱҲϣܹץס·Һðʯקû뵽·ո˦ȥӾͱǹһץסҪҲȥ
ҿԼԶԶûкһ캰һ˵ŵ㣡
Ȼ֪ҪЩʲôɻǾĵ˵ͷۼֿ죬·һȼǰȻѪˮݹתôʱ䣬·ҲˣҸоӲġⱾ촩ĳTӺ׵ţһ»ʹˣ˳ǹץ·˹ȥ
濪ʼСԽԽ죬ѾҲȥĵزˣŻԽԽŷݶϣȻһֵӡǣҪϸǿģͺЩ˱ϵʯˣԶʯڵһ֣ǰơԣǸеµӰƺǶ׵ʬ壡


191 
ʯڵӰЩţȫڵĹһһ㣬ȻĽһæס䡣ֺһ¾ͷſʧȥץӴʯһһ㻬صһ¾ʹݶ£ֱҵϣһڵأײͷۻġ
Ʊ𿾵ùǺѽѽĽţڵϲϴֻ˿ͷϵĹǹеǳˣͣɫ۾һգգĿңʯ֮ȥգ۾ûӰ
ҺȻĸطæӵӣһס죬׼طǸոһ˫ȺȻͱһקӿƲסֱӾͳǰ˳ȥͷһŷǹӵֻ֣ԴһŤһŤģ˳ҵĿԹ·𲻰ϽǽͲһ
Ǹӣʹһѣ˵̷㻹ʲôܣϽģ
ҿСһ䣬˦Ⱦ͸ǰСܣʱͷǹһۣѾӵˣֽűԭȿҪܶ࣬ɷǳĶֽ̣ŷڵϣһĳҺ׷˹еٶȱпϼ֡
ҺŲ·ۿҪ׷ˣæҺһ˵̷һ»㿴ʲôյĵӹȥ
ﲻɿ¶ûУҪҲֻտӣʱ㹻ץסˡ˼һ벻Щʲô
ԽԽĺȹϵһ֪ԽǼȣԽ׳ĹͿֻܣءһ¾ײǰǽˡͷ϶ʱһǰܿһһǣ֪ð˵
Һõ㣬ײǽʱһɲžͣˣʯһ£˵ͷʱûǽģ
Ҹ˵طﶼ࣬ǲǼǴˡһû˵ڣ͸о±һקֳǰһԴ˵һǽϣײҶҪѽ
ʹͷһۣŷǹѾ׷ˡֱץסҵĽףˢĳźһϣһ¾ͻӵ£ĳֽ
һӲˣɫһݣӣͳŹ˹˻ûأͱ泤ָһԡһ浲죬һ泯ѹԭΪԼᱻѹû뵽һң¼ӲĵȻͱѣȥͺһ㡣
쿴ߵһԼĴУԽҪþԽ죬оԼӶѾΧǽΪһˡûãҴԴѾûصף۾ȫȥʲôֻ±ֻͣڵϣȻǳƣǿܹҼòʮ룬Ҿͻ᳹׺Ϊһˡ
죬ֵܹо汻Ųŵ춯ǰֻһ»ҵ죬ŲȻһ˺ܶ˵ӡ
ûһᣬҺȻоס¶ڵϵ֣͵һ˾ͺܲһ˴ӵ˳һƣܶʱܶ࣬иһϲԼӹһ٣ȥˮǿȥˣҪ˵ȴȻǰ˵һϲʱɢˡ
˾νʬҰְ֡
ţһ£˵ôˣɵˣ˻ˡ
ûлشֻתͷȥͨ˱ڣ̷ǶˣһԣҵĿЩĪҪ˵ҲסˣƺΪҰְֵԭ㿪ڡ
վϵĻҳֻʰ˱ڣ˵ôҲˡ
˱Цһ˵ȴˣɽع䣬ʼδֻҪС˲У֪ǷȽˣˣֻǻɽε
ҵͷ˼һ£˵ǱɽŪģˣʱûУ
˱ҡҡͷ˵ɽˣȴ
̾˿ֻϣɽӳȥˣ˵СҲɽΣգҲһ֮ԼҲΣأʵûеľ
תͷҰֿһۣԥһ£ſ˵ǾҪʲô
û̻ش𣬶΢۾Һķһۣ˵Ҫһʬǡ
һ⻰ɺһۣΪ˵Ƕְֵ壬һת˵ҲʬǣӦǹǻҲŶԣǰĲ²⣬ⶫӦ÷ڵعм䡣߹ЩֻͨڱԵȦӶѡ
ŵͷһ䣬˵Ҹо·䣬Īһǽʲôġ
˱Цһ˵ڲˣǻգһбָˣα仯չǸԲɢˣҲϡ
ҸʻǸʲôҰְֺȻͲһ䣬ָҺķ˵ǴǱ߰ɡ߱˵
ҿЩ⣬ƺڱߵǸֶʬķһҺͬʱһ˭ҲûзԣϾʬѾûˣҪĻҲòֻ֤һЩ
Ұǰ棬ǰ˱ڣҺм䣬̷ᰶϺ·Һ̷᰺úôһ»飬ԺϵĻû׼и
̷ϵ˿ں˺ܶ࣬˵ˣֻǿڳݻе㺬Ҵ˼
˵ⶫ˼壬ǻ߳Ĺ֡ϲ˴ȥż˽ȥ˻ܹŻիм˻УٵĹ¡ܻʵ֮١⻭ĹѨǽڵ˻ֽĹͻ˹Կ־ҲΪʲô̷ôʱ䣬ûҵĹڵԭ˱Ͻȥʯûʲô羰ĵģֱӾˡָоͺĹѨһǳ졣
ˣǹΪʲô»뻹Щ£ӲҲͱʯϵװˡ
Һ̷˵øˣȻǰ漸˶ͣŷĹϣȻһȺܴţ֮ǰûֶֻǻԺ󣬻һЩûע⵽Ķ
Ұվſڣ۾һᣬ˵ǹǻӦþˡ
˽һ䣬˵ô׾ҵˣ
Ұбһۣ˵طôаҲ޶ȵġֲɽ˸Ӳңô鷳
˵꣬Ŀ⳯ת˵Сл廹ϰɣ
ҵͷ⻰˼漴˵㱻л壬ȥûκζܹ˺㡣
ҿһƬЩԥǰ˱Цһο˵˵زװĶػΪȫġ
ŵ˵ͷлͳҲû룬ԼͷһáֵǣȴûƮƮȻĸоۿ˿Ҳ֪ԼûС߼ˣֻǿһۣȻȫȥÿһ϶Ǿֵµı顣
Īѣ̽һ䣬˵̷
ҵͷ֪Դʲôҩˡ漴˵ô޳ˣ


192 ǻ
һʼûӦ⻰˼ǵͷһֽŵƤȫѩ׵ɫһһĶҵϣΧҵӻζţһæԼҵûбΣŻǰӡҲûб޳ôߴ󣬼ԭֻͣƤɫȫˡ
ְɫе·ûг׳û޳ӵĸоֱ仯Щ£ǰұʱ򣬱ȫҵĴڡһΣҵӰûʧһ޳״̬Ҳʲôԭ򣬲ãȻĳ˹ȥ
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ǰȻŵı飬һ£ҵ˵̷ǳԴʲô˰ɡ
ûİһۣתͷŰ˱һ䣬˵ô°
˱ڱǹľ̶ƺڳҪϼ֣˰죬ƳһŬƽһܾƵģſ˵һ䣬ǿϢ˵صĹɶ
ҰְĻȻ˹һץסҵļ򣬽˵СصȥĹ֪Ը޳ķҪǸовû׼ȫˡ
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뵽ЩҶȻһͣûн֮ڡֻҸף˵ѵԺ󣬼ʱ䳤ˣҵĻǾͻֱᷢ仯
ҰֽѣϵƶѾһҡͷ˵ǲܵģ޳Ǳѡеˣô϶ûֱܹ֪仯˵ΪʲôһЩ顣
ҵͷЩǰһĶŬҪԼƽúǲǴĳЩϸڡ
ҰְֵĻֱ仯ҲòС˵Щ޳۵һαлԺҾҲûмֱ仯һ˿Ҳ
ҺСͬһǣƽʱҲлӴûб仯ŵʱʲôҲʲôһӣȷʵܲ
ҶڵϱԴͷۣ쿴־ӣҼһ£˵̷𼱣䣬˵ǻ޹ؽҪ飬Ҳúûһ㡣
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ڲ׹ǸĶΪʲôһҧ޳ôһݣԭΪлĴ룬û׼ʱѾϲͬѰĵط
쿴һһէķӦżʲô
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Ұֺ쵣ҳҪסңǰ˱ֱ̧Ȼһ£ǲҪҡ
һͻ֮ⷿڣһĺڰͺľֺɫһϵĹɢڰŨûа취ѹΧЩɫĹ
Ҽţûһ˸տÿ£ǰǸʯĴҪöࡣĺڰ·ʱʲôµĶȻһ
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̲סһϲֻһ·ⷿﴵһ磬ɢһȫɢתͷ⿴һۣ˱ȫվſڣ½󶼱贵죬һԴƺ۾
û뵽һ¾ȻôָͣоǰһֱֻǸưĴڣżܹһôں񷴹һеƮƮȻĸо
ܵĺһɢȴǰľһټϣȻͷһһ棬ġֻҽűߴһ߼ķΧڣտյʲôҲûСҷ·վһսЩͷı飬ǳʹ࣬һ۾Ǵţüġ
ѪϹŵЩͷʬ壬ͷ­ȫ˹ѻֻҲʲôáҲЩɻΪʲôһ·߽ȴʼûǡ
һĿת˻ǰһۣȻⷿУһ˸ߵʯ̨һͷԵ÷ǳͻأʯ̨ϷڷһɫĹӣϸź첼װʲô
ҰְվſڣһĻָǹӳҴһ˵СǸ
΢΢üͷȻװŹǻҵģֵطʵ̫һ㡣һ仰Ҳû˵Ҫǰͷһ϶֪Ӹոǰһ㣬ǰͷȻһ·ƵɳѣֺŽһʱűɢˡ
̲סһ̾ŷֲߵЩͷһ㣬׷׸óһ·е㲻ҵƣ⵹ҲԤϵġ
һ·ǰܿǸƽ̨ԵŸֻƣ˿ۣЩˣͺһڵܿĻһаģն׵ģпƶǵģʽЩľܾĻĶҲʯ̨ܳһ㡣
ұͷȥҪǹӸָոմĺ첼ǰͺþһ㣬͵һŴЦ
ǡľǸ޳ݡ
ҵһæִӹƿǰľʧԭ˰ΣȻʶǰװŵģȻǶľ£޳Ĺǻң


193 
Ȼһֱڲ²ǻҵˣҲгô֣ǰͻȻŲҰ׵ʱҲŷԼ뷨ûմߡ
һֱľ޳ǰ˵޳䣬ûضľڶľ޷һ˼顣ҾãҰְҪĶҲΪŪ޳ڶľµԭ
һԼһЩȻ֣ٶȳǹץ˹ȥĺ첼ǵ÷ǳʵƺʲôճڹ޿ڣĶɢ
סҪʯ̨ϱһӾȻ˿Ʋ·ʯ̨һҲɵͷ˿ӵײûʲôĵطɲ֪Ϊʲôû취Ųֺԡ
ͷãȻĳҰǼ˿˹ȥƺܽţеߣҵϣעҵһһ֮£ֻܳǰ˰֣˵ò
Ұְɫһͣɫû״εĳҺһ䣬˵ӦģСԿû׼ʲôҲ˵һ
ֳֻһ飬ʯ̨һȦҪһ˿ԾѰ޹ֻա
ҰֶʱɥҪ˵ʲôſڣʼûзһʱ򣬰˱ںȻתͷź濴һۣվ֪ڿЩʲôţͼɫһ䣬Ȼһ䣬˵ˣ
˶һ׷תͷŰ˱ָķһۣʱͰˣҰ̷ְֺᰣҲͬ¶ı
һûŪô£Ҫڳһ䣬һ룬ȻͿĸһ𣬱ԱţҵΧм䣬ҪסʲôһȻҾĵ֪ĸԽԽʶû׼ǸղĹЩ³ˡ
˽ел壬׼ܵߡŲոһſںȻʹ¡һ죬һȾ޴ʯţ͵ĴźȫסҺȫں档
˺һͣϢǰûʱһƬڡҼæɲסŲڱǼ˰ڣɻܹŵһҳζζȥҲߵʯűϣƣȫûзӦҡҡл壬ɲʲô仯
ʱȻһĻص˵ŵģֻл壬ǿɥȻ޳Ͼûϣرġ
һͣæתͷȥȻͿǸĶվʯ̨ԱߣһֱڱһĿҡ
ͣһССĹǿܵĻҿʼû뵽Ϊ˵֮ǰѾȫͬͺ񶡶ڹĺҽ̸һ㡣
ҽŵһ䣬˵Ľģ
΢΢Դ˵طҸ޽ģܵгڣҶ֪һˣǹȻôţߣһǼǵõġ
Һһξ룬ûпȥֻ΢΢Ĭһ£˵طѵĹ
Цһ̧һֻ֣ʯ̨ţ˵㿴ۼĹ֣ʯ̨ϵĹǻңڿǰҵͷ˵ҵĹ̫˽һЩǴҵĹû׼Ǽ˵ġ
ɫһ֣ǴǻЦһ˵ִˣںǣԼѡ
һ£һʯ̨ϵĹӣ˵Ҫ汻ˣĹزһʱ䣬Ҳͳˣҵãô̵ʱбӵóط
Щ죬ȻֲǹŻңᷢ飬һǾãһһСһЩûġϻǲԸƱһ䣬˵ΪŴģ
ĿӹǻջһۣûлشҵĻȴȻһ䣬˵̷ҵˣлң
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Цһ˵֪ҲԲǸѪ
ҡҡͷȻʯ̨ϵĹӣ˵ɲϵĵһ޳ˡȻŶԸİ취ֻЩ֣ҲЩ̶ѡ
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޽Ǵµͷɫһ֮ǰǰƽֻ˵£Ȼеģֻڣûˡ޳񣬶֣ЩλС˵ϲ졣Ȼ̷лҵĺˣȻӦ֪ұ飬ԺͶԸ޳һǷǳġ
⻰˼˵ӦþǶľЩ꣬Ҫ¸ˣֻʼղνĴ۾ʲô
˿ɻı飬ȻԳЦһ˵ȻҵԤϣȻڻеĺˣȴЩ˽ķǳ٣޳Ҳǳɣ޳޸ĸͺһ΢΢֪һЩղ֮Ұй۲һ£Щ˽ˡ
ҿڴĻ˾ͺڲ黧һҸоǳꡣҳǰһ˵Щ˵ˣǴۣʲô
һ٣ȤĿң˵ҾҪ֪ʵľһˣҶԸ޳Ĵ̷ۣлЩȥˣҪĴۣ
һ֣ѿںһ˵У
۾΢΢һգ˹һ̤϶ѻԴȴ·ֻܿһһ£ͷϣЩɵģѾõԴȵ֨졣ͺͷѵڿʳЩʬһ
ǰͣ£վʬ֮ϣҲҵЦ⣬ֺȻſӸµĿң˵ôνĴۣ㻹
ãȻĿּǸƣͺڸչʾʲôһ㣬ǰЩʬ֮⣬ûĶ
ЩԴﲻɻһѪˮжͷʬ壬͵ѹָŽűЩʬ˵ЩǴۣ
һЦ·ҫԼĳɾһ㣬˵һˣҶԸ޳Ĵۣ


194 
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һоЩˣһʲôЩ󲻳ǿϣͷ־ȷʵôࡣ
ڵıһǳѿһ˫۾ֱĿңƺԼӪЧԸһ޳һ˵Ϊۣ飬ǲǹڲһЩȥô˾ۼһʲô취ɱģûڣط˵ѾǵĹֶһЩķĹˣһΪһ˽⽨˿ӡ
ʬŲӣֵ飬ֻ˵Ϊܹס޳Ϊǵ谭κδ۶ֵõġÿʽҪƷһֹɣҲܹ⡣
עŽűЩͷѾڵԴûлشĻҼʽĻٺ٣ӡģҲֻһΣʱļƷ죬費ҪֻҪѪѡλ޳ȴʵʵҪЩ˵Ϊۡ
˰죬ſ˵ѪѪҲǼƷһ֣
ͷǽЩ˵ȥͷ­Ѫܹ۵һǸ޳ˣѪʮ죬㹻ˣס޳ԣŽľ£ǷʬˣڷĹУѹΪʽһǣҪǰǻҴˣЩѹĹ֣ɾȫܳȥˡĲ˵ɽµЩʱסˣܻ
⻰ȻЩЦĹĹ᲻ӳȥɽ־棬ǰˣҲ֮һڷĵȰ˵ˡ
Ȼ̬ȣҲò˵⻰ҵӰǳ̲סһȥл飬ˣ߳ӣͺŵӰһǰǻֻǱ޳лǣʱӦûʲô̫ʹ࣬ѹŵģԹǣҪųȥˣĲᷢʲô顣
ҳĬ˺ܳʱ䣬̧ͷЦЦ˵㵽ʲôˣҪЩʲô
ӸղŵĶԻҲܹ뵽˺̷лҲûѪ׹ϵͺһµһȫ̲˽úܴҲصģʼնɲһ
ЦһҪ˵ʲôĿģܾΪ˼֤һУбʵһհɡҶһ飬ǲأֻн֡룬һѾ೤ʱ䣬ڶֲˡ
һתȻ˵Һ˷ôʱ䣬˵ôණΪ֪Լס㣬Ĺ࣬û˭ܹù޳ֻһЩ޳ҲСԭҪ͵һס㡣ֻûϵϾȻѪ꣬ѪѾˣҲͬһһ˳·ѪԴӽ㶪Ѫһ̿ʼҾѾˡ
һֱûв廰˼еҪ£ǵ˼ǹʶĸԼΪѡֻףٶ飬ﶼԲֻܽҪлᣬҶϣԼֳܹȥЩһеˣǹҲһ
û˼¶Ϊˣû׼뿪ϣҲ֪ʯ֮ļû飬Щ֣ƺ˵Ļڶϣ㶯֣ҲҪǰȫ뿪طԺ
ҳһᣬղû˵ĻһҶˡ
˵֪һеԴͷҪ˵ˣϣ飬û׼һῼһ¡УЩˣñ˺ǡ
Цһ˵ҵȻҲ֪ôʲôط˵㻹Լɡ
£ͷͳűϿ˹ȥæĽŲӵľͷ˵ô꣬ĹѨе¿귢飬һһ¼Ȼ㲻ȫ棬ɻеġ
ֳŵһָæսһЩϵԴ׷ÿ¶һյأϵĹƵƮڵһߵĵطµĵ棬յ
ŷֵϾȻд֣֪ж٣ȫǰдھϵĹ֡üͷ˵ϲЩ壬һתȴԼܹ˼
Ʋѣ˵ô£
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ҴЩԭ򣬱Ҳû˵ʲôŵϵݺܶ࣬ûЩºͳֻĳĳĳˣҪûἰֻ˵̷лһġ
˵磬Ǵлɽ·Ѫ꿪ʼ
ʱлңҲǳʲô٣ΪĳسֵֺԵʣίεطиôǿԴ̵ܴһӣҲΪκˮ޹ԭ򣬶⵽͢Ĺʱˣлҵ˾ҲЩż˽飬ɽһúˮикĳڡ
Ҳ֪ǸʱĵκǽĲж󣬵лҵʱûͷˣӣ˳ȥ̽Σѡ˺ܶ๤ȻǴӸطʼɽйļƻ
飬ǰ£ӦǸܴĹˡ;֪ˣһ죬⹤̺Ȼͣлɻ󣬺˱˵ɽڳһڹײлû·ϣɺȴ˵ײĻٲãҲû׸ǣҲû׵ףмտҲûһɳʯ
лɻѵڵʲôȥ鿴һɽŷһڶľײģǽһֵܴ֦յʽѾ˸ΧˣֻΪЩӴˣܵײȥһûл
лʼҲҿ̫һǿλõķˮ鿴һ飬Ȼ˵˼乧ϲĻлüͷһæʸˮ˵͵ıѰòֹֻͨͷ΢յ˲еõĻԵ
ⱾǼϹĻͱлˣ춼ʳѰǹײĵĲֵֻ֮ͬԼõı¾ż˲ԼŶ飬¹ײһ̽
һȥ죬ʼûлļлǼˣ˾ŷ˾Լ˵˻ȥˡ
ֻǵȴҶлزˣŸôͳϴյʱһϣлȻһ˴ӹײ˳ȴӰҲ˱߶߶ģǲԸײ澿ʲôʲô顣
Χֻע⵽Ժ϶һӰ룬ǾѪ꣡


195 
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Źһʱ䣬Ȼһ죬лҲ֪ôŵģһ˾͵ˣЩ۶һĳʷ˭֪лȻ˽йĹͣڵײĵλãĽһ¥˶ɻѣͷҲû˸Ҷһ䡣
ҿЩȺͲ⣬ȵǣľ׷ֵḶ́ǻԵɺϣĹ¥ӦҲǺлˣֻû뵽¥ȻܹôңԶһһֱΪǺ˽õġ
Ҳǣƽ㴥һѪ꣬һʰֻҪʱõþˣϵѪҺȫҲûпܡлû£Ӿͺëһоֹ졣ڵʱɱͷ
ҳԱ˿һۣپЩ鹹ĳɷ棬˭֪ƺܹµЩʲôֻ˵ʱľȥˣѾȥˣΨлǸе㸣ģԹǺܶ࣬ѪҲǻõģɾڣʱˡ
⻰ɰһۣνӣǹǸĽɫǻڶľ£ѪҲв˽⣬ǸٹˣͶ˸ͷҲΪлҵŸ˷ѽ⡣
飬˿֣Լ˸о͸ӹˡÿ磬³ȻͽżȥȰ䣬л˻˵ĶˣЩ˲㱻л
֪ȥҪͷϸлӣ˽¹ǸаŵĹײģɶ²ײа˲ɣڳ˸ʾֻ˵лв˽ѰЩҽʿ֮βа
˼ûʲôɫиլۡɾҪĵʿ˻ƷûɣԼͿѪûˡҴԺ·ߡ
ҲǸʱ̷ҵ棬Ǹб̷ˣ·ط
ǳ佫ΪϳЩҰսң˱ίƽңһôȫʤڻس·ϣ˵л顣
Ȼб𣬵ƽʱ棬мͶԵл˵ˣһϲĲˣƽֻ˵ս赶Ūɱ˼Ѫսʿһϵɷأֶҿ̷ɳɱ˲Ҫˣû׼ܰլණҲһ
˵̷Ȼ֪ʲôĴȥã޿κ֮£µĽһһʮ˵˳ǱѾ˱⽫ȡЦ׼˶ڼסһʱ䣬ҲͰˡ
̷֪ǵĻȷʵЦˣЦĲǿеĹ֮˵֮ǰսϣպһλ֮ͨ
̷ϰˣǲЩģγ֪ͳ˶ԷİŪЩСûûҹɧžӪۿһһήⳡսҲҪˡλͻȻ֣ܹŸһηΪʤĻᡣ
ҿΪԼڿأЩʵԽдԽˡЦһ˵ʲôϡģʷսйദĴ˵ʤñȽԱ仰˵ıǽʿɱȻйݱӰ˵з飬Щϡ棬ϡûмͰϡ
Ҳû˼Щȥ
̷˵սϵ飬ֵλѾ뵽¡˿֮̾ڡл˼ѣæȥ˲ãл֮С
ҳݿ˿ﶼûλòľӡҾǸҪȻ̷лҵʱûһͨġ˲ЩԴͷ
۽ǵһԵĶһЦЦı飬ԣҪ¼Щ飬Ҫ˽ȫȥ֮⣬Ҫһ㣬˵ʱҲֳǰǼԿ޳Ļ˻ŵʱ򣬿϶ҲдֶεˡҪǲ⣬̷Ͼ֮ͨӦþɡ
ҿһ£̲ס̧ͷ˵лʱ򣬾Ͳĵʿһˣ
תͷö˫۾һᣬƺڴĦҵ˼һȻЦһûзϣֱ˵Ҷһ첲
Ҳ֪ԼǸЦôģȷˡֻǹ˵ѵ޳ѶԸ
ҡҡͷ˵ͺҸղ˵޳ҶǺް취ģϻҶԸҲû֮ǰŵʱ򡣵ȷʵ㹻׺κζҲһʱ⣬ͳ˿
˵续Ƥ
ͷ˵Ƥһ֣ϵˡҲͬ׺ݵĹ֣лһʮˣǣֻһֻ֣˵ˡ
б۾˿֣ڵֲʲô쳣˵ϲڱϣĻǲȱģٱ˵ģ԰ɣ
ǼһûзϣһܿЩʧ䡣
Һתƻһ㣬æЦһ˵ֻǺ棬̷лĹΪ»ΪмˣΪʲôһ𣬶Ҫط
û̻شңӣøɾͷЦһ˵ֻţֻһѣӶľӳˣȻѪ⣬ͻûʲô𡣿һλһΣĻţǵûϢԺΪ޵һӣŻмֵҪ㣬ƣ󲻻һľ
˼Ҵܹף˾һֶ޵ĲŻȥϧһÿûκθоҲˡţĳɡ
лɷ磬Ҳ֪ٴˣÿΣƺûʲôõĽ֡
΢΢̾һһͷϵĶû뵽˶֮뷨һͦӽģûˣͬİãҲûпܡֻϧЩ飬Ҳֻˡ
תͷһҪµݡͷǻɢҸյͷȻһ£Ӻողתһæ˿һۣ˵ô֪ҿӶľܳ˵ģ
ȻҺͷһμ棬ͲӦ֪Ҽлɷ顣ҵʻüͷ΢΢һ£ƺ⻰ʵЩ֡
ָ̧رյʯţȻ˵һǸͷ㣬ͷǴӶľӳĻ


196 ź
һãȻĿһۣͺû仰˼һÿһ֣ҶֳʯŵķȥȻľ󣬿ڲϵĴģ˿˵ģȻҵĸףӶľӳĻˣѵǺлɷһܻ˲ɡ
ֻоľ̶ȷͬСɣæתͷ˵ô֪ģ
ǳ⣬Ŀһۣ˵Ȼ֪ǳģһְźõģȻ֮ǰûп˭Ӷľ³֪飬һᷢһֱĹѨҪĽ֡
Ҷͷϵ亹һð˳һûƭҵɣ˵ҸûлıҪӣһƨڵϣһﲻĻǸνĸףһС
лɷ粻ͬһҷǳһʼվߵˣȹңҲ֪й飬Ҳԭ򣬲ҳ˵Ľʬֻ췢ʬ֮ǰҴûлɹ
ڷֱ治ЩЩǼ٣ҾЩڶҪлɷıԼʱӣ˿϶ҲֻҪ֪ˣǲҵĸףǣ˭
Ҳ֪ǲ˵ЩԽܣͺ񽬺һһšԼЩɰɫͷһĪչʱ򣬺Ȼ뵽һʱ飬ҺͶСȥҾ̫̫ڻվ򳵵ʱԺ˯ˣȻһˣ˵òҿƬҰְֵӣһģһȻΪлⷢЩ飬ܵĴ̼̫Щ΢ˡ
ҵʱֻǸҰְֳһģһһۣƾʧ֮ȷʵյǸǲҪȥǴֽ
лɷ˵һߵӣ˵Ǻͬǰӡô˵ҵʱӰӣ᲻Ұְֱˣ壬ȴǶ׵ӣ
ôţڶͷһģԼЩ˼·ˣæĶʵ˵֡һĴڣǲҲĿܣ
΢΢Դ˵ûע⵽˵ĻǴӶľ׵ӳģ̷лҵĺ˻û꣬ڣԴӶľ³ǲȣżм״̬ݵķ롣
һͣоͶˣ˿϶Ұְû飬ͲݣΪʲôҪƭôһ⡣
һɵ㣬ǰǰ˵ҰְֵʱĹʬԺ󣬽Լʬ˻ȥ͵лСȻ׵ʬ廹ĹѨһͲˡҲ˵ľԱ߷ŵĶʮ˿ڹײһװŵľҰְֵʬף˵Ҹ׵ʱӦôĹѨӳȥˣͬ˵һĸ׺
ôƲţȻ뵽һҸоµ⣬ֵΪûкҸףôһһҵıѵֻһ𡭡
Ұ֮ʱڻվյǲҪȥǵֽдŵľǣָӦǶľµǸӣǵʱΪľ̫̫Ĵӡ
Դм仹ʲôҲ֪飬ҲֻҰְֵһ֮ʣôǲ²ȻġҲϣ֪̫ҵ飬Ķ̫ǿЩû׼˽Խ࣬ԺҪԸǣԽס
ĿһۣƺҲûղŵϣŷµͷȥŵϵ֡
дţ֮л˼䣬Ϳʼ׼Щص㣬ҴҴɨһۣˣ֮һ仰ȷʵϳɹˣҲͺ֮ǰ˵һ˺ܴĴۡ
лѹúʮ꣬ʱ䷢ȫ֪飬˼죬Żظʱ䣬Ѫ͵˵ʱֻһۣ֪ѪҲõĶʱҲȥãǷԼ֮С⼸ʱ䣬һֱоѪãΪ벻ףȥ˶ľһˡ
һж˭ûиߣƽʱĹڻ֪ݡת˺ܳʱ䣬ҿʱĶľ£ûдʬɽҲûι״ĽһƬڰ磬·ޱ޼ʣһ㡣
һֱںڰţôһȥ֪˶೤ʱ䣬;ֹһƬڰʱʱЩ֪СȻͬһ뿪ɻ󣬱Щ֣Ƿ˹ȥ
û೤ʱ䣬㱵ģ񿴵ǰһʯǽյܿһԵ÷ǳŹ֣߽һЩʶһţЩֶۼʯűϣ۽ţƺҪ͸ȥǲʲôͽá
ŵӣӦȱѪԵʣ˰۲һᣬͬҲôģԥһ£Ѫȥ
ҿĶʱеҪ֪ʯźʲôȥȻʲôҲûУⶫӦðճͣȻţͿ϶ͨһط
Ѫ˳ܵĹֿĪһ£ȴûһҪǰ˺ֵǣǷԶվߣóһ·
ƽʱȻͲٹֳִ棬һ£Ųĳʯ˹ȥվǰ۲һ£ǸѪ״СҲȻγɵĶȫû˹ĺۼѪŽ˶С
ܵĹһӿŵò壬Ȼʰǣɶֵ˻ûȬʵڲϣԼϣڳʲôµ˿ڡ
֪ѪԺ󣬺ܳһʱ䣬ûзκα仯ɻȵöЩͷˣɼǹֶûҪɢļۼԽԽ࣬ڵȴʲô鷢һ㡣޿κΣžط
ڻ첻ˣ˺ܳһʱ䣬ŵʱȻʯϴǳͳͬҲǳ·ںɽĦһ㡣
һϲͬҲܽţƾͺҵһμʱһĶˣʶľãһҲֻܿһεľ
ʯһһչȻǳÿŲһ֣ӿһ
û뵽ǣЩ֣ȻˣûģһæЩͷϺˣһȦûнܻվ˵ź󿴵ʲô


197 
ȿڵҵӣҵʻĿһۣЦҿһЩÿĶ
һ⻰ΪڸӴأɿһüͷָŷһ䣬˵ݣӦǱߣҲЩҴӶľ³ˣҪȤԼȥ
θڱ治ѣ㼸仰ܴͷһһٵһ飬˵ʯ֮󣬿ʲô
գ۾ȻЩмֻЩȻˣûа취˵վŵĵطǰҲǶξȫд˳ݶڣΨһʯ֮飬һΣʧˡҵһηЩ¼ʱҲдһ飬ɵڶʧʱҲʶ⡣
ɻ󲻽⣬æ⻰ʲô˼дĶƽ޹ʵģôʧ
˰֣ʾԼ޿κΡ˵ЩϢ޷ȥģѾˣ˵ñʼ¼Ҳƾʧ˵ʯ֮飬ǲܹй¶ģͺ֪ܶڹͬʱֶһֻ֪Ϊ˲Ӧ֪Щ顣ϻһЩϢĨ
ұ⻰ƵͷˣϻˣҪ˵ʯź飬ǲܿͱīģΪЩ˸˽ķΧ߱ˣҲ˵ġ
ҾЩаǱһ飬ҲԸţ֮£ſ˵Щʲôŷ黹ôаſܴҲ˵˺ܶĻ͹ˣһ룬Ҹǵ˵ЩʲôôҪ֪ʯźЩʲôԼȥ鿴һ˲С
ҶʱоЩɥ̲ס̾һת֮ǰָǸ˹ȥ׼Ĺ¡Ҹո߳һȻͷһ·ըһ㣬
ұһⱻĶæվ̧ͷݶ֮ϡ
죬䶼ҡҡλεģЩվȵţͷϵ컨Ȼ˿ŵڶըݶʱһ޴Ŀӣʯ׷״ԼУæ㵽֮У˷ڵϣҶ
˴ʮʱ䣬һоֹҲ̧ͷ濴һۣĹѨϣȻƿһ޴ĿӣһϮӶԭ谵ĹѨյ͸˿̵Ǿ޴ʯббĵһԣѹ˵ϲٵԴﵽǻҳһ˶ߣҪںֻһϰߵĻƶñЩҳֱǺ
Ķ̧֣ͷĹѨĹͺܶû̫һ˶˵˺ܳʱ䣬˵һ䣬ĹұƻˡⲻܣĹѨǻģǽлڣΪʲôᱻ˴ƻ
бۿЦѣǻѾˣ־ڲֻʱ⻰Ҳû˵ֻǺһ̧ͷŶǸƿĶڡǵʱʱ磬쾹Ȼţû׼Ѿһʱˡ
˳µƿдͦģֻǸ̫Զû취ֱ˭˭
΢΢һᣬҺȻһԴƿڵĵط˳⵲סһ룬ſͷ¿һۣȻۡһ䣬˵öͷ
һ䣬Ŀɨ䣬ϣȻôУ˵޳棡
һβŰȻŹ⣬ҿĳ࣬ɻĳϺһ֣˵
ոҪӿҵ΢΢һ£תͷҿ˹۾ϸĿһۣٶȾȵĺһ˵磡
ҵͷûش𣬾һ䣬˵˻ôţô޳ˣ
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û̻ش𣬴ƿʧ˼ʱ䣬ȻһӣţקӾʹƿڷһһ㲻£˵ѽ
Ǿȵģ͵³֣һڣսͣĿ˵һ֡
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôæĸоô졣ǰЩ飬һķ£Ҳ֪ú˵ʲôãʣĹҪΣյö࣬϶Ҳˡ
ҾӦһָı䣬û׼ҲûԼ̬ȡ֪һûں˵ûոջЦҴżոһճ棬ܵͷͺͻȻһʱһһĶڵϷ׷׹ţſڳҧ˹ȥ
ҿû뵽ЩһŶûУٶȴô죬־ĿģҲûϵ飬ϵЦݻûʱɫͰˣһֱӵ˵ϣۿžҪԴûˡ
һҽУͷﴫУһæ˹ȥû߳˺Ȼһǰסҵȥ·һ£˵
ַſƺǲҹȥ˵Ǹղŵû̸ãоȱˣᷴҲ˵ǻϣҪԣҿɲںʯٵġ
Ҷݺݵĵһۣел壬˵˼ףڸÿ
ǼݺһлһۣΪǷӡܵһԴǷҹˢһ³űɢſӣ¶ƤҧһӡĵطѾѪǿӵϷ𣬿۵ģ̲ס˵ô°Ϊʲôվԭû£һͱҧˡ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ̫֪һӻ˵Ϊ޳ٹǸһˡ
һǳϤתͷһͷƿһӣСǸֺӣƵĴ浴ҸտĪðһɻ𣬿汻Ҳ¶ˣ汻ɽ˳
ط治ʺϽƺҲԺվԱߣƤЦⲻЦ˵һ䣬ӴСȫ¸İˡ
ûԼٺЦתԴȥĶȻתͷƿ˵һ䣬̫ţи˳ӣ


198 
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˲Ǿ̫̫˭ҳһû뵽С˳طû뵽ǣڻţйصˣĸĸ⣬ȫˡ
̫̫ĻһڣС˾ͺõ͸˼ѪĺһһѳңתͳǱĶ˹ȥұ͵һקûӦֱӾ͵ڵϣǰߣʱҲŷСȻ֣еģû˷͡קһ·ǰܣûдһȫͷĹߣоҵþôһƵġ
ܿˣǱ͵ùˣǳǰܣЩͷк˷ܼһƵĳӿ˹ȥŵæקסӾͳ֮СһҺоûʲô³һ
ǸһСƣʱҲˣתͳűһǽܣҿʼһ벻԰Ǳûɶ·ǵܽˣǽһƣǽһ£¡ŷľȻһΰšҾͲһȺ˴ĵطЩʲôô
ǽϵİŸƿСѾܵˣһ־ͳסͷһѹֱһһͨһڵϣͷܲ㣬
ҲûôЭӸһأ̧־ȥϵĽҵʱȫǱܵĶڹǿ˶࣬ŵˣҪԼѹԺá
æӵȥ̧Ž̧žһߣǽһ·˳ȥԱߵһͷϡҪҪ֣ҿ⶯ԼҲһæС˺˵ѹ֣Ȼһء
С˷ӦҲܿ죬ֱһƨϣһֻֽѹڴ¡ҾƺһܲС˵ɫ
ҿѾѹסˣһ˵ĻҪǴӶû׼ǻеѶԸڸڶϣȻܹƶ壬һеëûʲô𣬵սҪǳԿһЩ
һۿԼãһ˫۾ֱĳҿ˹ſھԶš
ЦЦ˵ҵ˻أֻǸԼһ·ѣ˵ˣҲֻ⸱ŪûҪ˺˼
ŭңв˵ŲҵĻҲתͷҪСôŶԣȴһ˫С۾ҲңڱԱֵ࣬ͷѹµˣ˵С˵ʲôﰡ˻
һ£˵ȫһֹǻԴģСҲúܡҲúʲôֻôܽӶŪ
СûĿһۣ˵أмְ취ģûǸл巽㡣
һֱΪлֻǿԴ˵ѣûֻܶԹҲУɳ￴һۣ˵ǾͿʼɡ
˭֪Ҹ׼ȥ˵ԴȴֱС˵𼱰һãǳˣʲô׼ûУʲôץ
㶵վԭأоķ˵ֻ˵һˣ޲ֱһϡС˿ӣԼɵһٺЦһҲڿңתͷȥֱӳ̫̫һ䣬˵̫ŰӸ
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վһЦС̹һˣŶӣкһ䣬ŷȻϣۼͷһôˡС˵ûİһֱۣӷſӵײͷ˹ĹȻһͦվֱӣ˹ߣЩͷû׷ųһ
СֱӰӳݸһͷֽмǲֵݸңϸ˿ӣЩˣɫ֣滹һֹŹֵζҸһ£³ˡһ䣬˵磬ݹڹѪġ
˵ѹоЩأ֮ǰ̷ЩߣҲࡣ
ҪôС˵мһͷȻѶ棬үסˣڱΧһԲ˵ǵлһײһӰǻǸ
˵˽ӵС˺һקһֻ֣·ǰΧм䡣ҿ׼ˣл׼֣һֱҵĶǺ޲һͰҸҧƵġ
Ҳ̫࣬µֳʲô⡣ֱӱܿߣסһãֻл巢һҲ֪ǲˣϾұ˵һǵһΡ
һ죬һ£߷·һƵģͻȻͺ۾һȻӰӴӶ˳һ¾ûǰ־ֱһһҪȥ
æֱסűֱӺ͵ܽӴе¶ȵģ൱ڼ״̬оһλͦɹģ̧ͷС˺һȴûԤְסǸǣɵһվԭط
һƣŷҸղûпۣһ£ײĻǣСһǶұһȴֵߣ߲Ǹˡϸһۣ˴ųǸղŶŵ·ͷ𣬽üޣһüΪ벻һ˻ɱô˵ıСˡΨһԤ֮ڵģƾֻտҲˡǰȷʵһֻš
ˮݵģڲ֪ôģһһ߾ͺܵ˼һǶݺݵԷûӦ;ҧȥҲʾĸߺߣȭͷſҧ˵ģǺܿʹһСԱ߿ţоǾ̫̫Ȼ溰һ䣬˵ѽҪҧ˰ࡣ
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199 
ҷŶ壬Ավţæ˵
һָָۣǱСһͬߣ˵黹أԸȥûȥ
ҿʼߵĻǱһײʱ򣬻û׼Գһƺûô򵥣Ȼһģʱûа취ָ
ŽһԣߵǱŵĻǰϸĿһᣬûκα飬һ˫ӣעҵһһҳĬһᣬ˵ʲô֣
΢΢ԴԳ֮УĿǰɨмĺһſ˵֣
ҵͷڿĬĬظ˼ΣȻ˵뿪ǵ˳ҪҲԴӦøһ뿪
۾գһ£Ҳ²͸ЩʲôֻһᣬŴŵķһۣ赭д˵á
οЦЦҪôܰǰʯŸ򿪡
΢΢һԴװģĳһ˵ȣðҸſ
ҺٺһЦ˵ɲУ̫ҿɵСһ㡣
֪һ⻰ŭЦ˵лϣһʲôˣ
˵ûǸ֣Ȼõò˳֣Բðա
Цһ˵ҲգҾһΣ㿴ǷŹǻҵʯ̨Ŀʯש߽ȥˣͻ򿪣ʯžͻȥ
æСʹ˸ɫСַһѼڱ۾ߵʯ̨Աҿһ£ֳҵ˵ͷȷ˵Ķûж֣ҿģС˵ƭǣһʲôΣյĻҲ˵
ǻûǳһеĶԲߣ֪ҪǳµĻҲùС˳ٳٲܹȥһۣһ־ͽʯשŪˡСŵò壬ҪȥסĶۿѾˡֻһ¡죬оⷿ䶼һŵܣ³ʲôԤϵΣգҵǣǰʯŰ춯ʼ֮⣬ûʲô顣
Сһžһ˦ڶԴϣöһһ㶵ģֱ˵ǰ˻ûأ㻹Ҷ֣
С˱ͷȥǲҲ˵ʲôˣҲǵһαðʧľٶŵˡ
ʯٶʮֻΪ̫صԵʣҲ֪ǽﰲŵʲôأôصĶ̧ܹŹôãʯŲȫ򿪣һĳ棬һ¡
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ҽŵ³һק˰ӣô˵ѪĶǲͬĻᶼûСǰվ󣬵һ䣬ղǼأ
ͷ۽ǵҼӣȻЩֺһ˵ɢ
һ䣬ͨĹӰ׷׶мóһȱڡƣЩݣоͺʱӣеĹֶĻܼģ뷨û׼ѪĵһˣһѪˡ
վ󣬿ıӰ˼ҷɣɴˣǶұҺһ䣬Żع̧ͷǰ濴ȥһ¾ͽҿ죬Ұ֣˱ں̷ᰣҲУһڵϣԲѡвѪ壬ȴ̧ţ߸ߵľٹͷϣֻѩ׵ľβ꣬ҵ嵱һֱſҵĻԴ΢΢ţһ˫ɫ۾ֱֱҺˡ
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һ˵һˣ㻹úõվأȻ̫ʴˡ
һѳס󱳵·˵üͽ
ЦⲻҲûж˵ʲôǰҵķԸˣЩһһְ̧˼˻صͨΩ֪ɫľβ꣬ɷҵԱߣûҪ뿪ļ˵ĹѨޣҲ֪ҶˣҪߣһߡ
ҳǾβ꿴һۣҲڿңĿ˲࣬ĪñֶǼʶģȻǸ治ǺöԸĽɫЩɣɳűϵС˺ͶһۣҲû⣬ҲϣʲôӣֻĬˡ
Щȫ˻ͨԺ󣬶ֽʯŹҲ˲æǰ鿴ǵƣֶֻЩƤˣŷһЩ
ҪصԼȥں˵㻹ǱӰɣĹȻΪҵԵʣ̫ҪǾ޳ϢҪȥˣҿɲҵû¡
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СĮĿһۣ˵ôȥ£ˣԼȥѲɻָұǣ
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ҰְڵϣַŶͷĬ˰˵ǵҸ˵Ļûһ취һǰõֻûǻң
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ҳһ밲ο䣬˵ûⶫ˵бķ㿴ǣ֪ıҪö࣬һУû׼а취
ҰĨһѣĵ˵ͷվڳ˶һۣ˵ʱҲˣǿ뿪ɡ
Ƕվһĳ캰ţ˵屳ȥķѡ޷ǴӦˡ
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ҵͷ֪ʲô˼Ұְ治ϴߴ٣ֻϣܹ뿪ط
˭֪һ䣬˵ǺҪǸǻҹ
ȫʱЩʲô˼۾һ룬˵ҼȻ뿪ĹѨûˣǹû취ߵģҸ㿴һϷ
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Ұְ濴ҲﲻɻǺһ˵СʲôˣҺʲô
͵ĻعŷԼĶǺˮֿЦЦӣ̲סһקסǰ·˵ˣң
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̧־͸һȭЦøˣ˵ǹֶ꣬ûá̷Һ뿴ôЩ飬ֳ涼ƲˣʲôͶľµĻ˶
ѪˣҪиӣû׼ҺԼٵϢĳ̶ȡ仰ݺݵײҵϣȷʵ֪ҸʲôȥԸľµˣ⻰˼ƺǰЩԩѶԸ
æһ󣬳Ұְֺһ䣬˵ȥ
ҰְֻĹѨＸߺܰ淢顣ҵĽкŶֽȥһֱЦƵģĹѨصöЦ
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ҸոմƿȥҰֺǻûӦҾͼæǺһ˵ܣ
һ㶣ҲûʲôֱӸҳԶܿ;̫̫ǣҲһǿ񱼡
Ǹոմƿڵĵطܿһףһ¾ѿһܴĿӡһЩʹѿڵȥĹѨķΧ֪ж󣬵ˣͷĵͲϵըѰȥȻûʯоȴһġÿ̤һƺ䣬ҷһƣȻϣ¹⣬һܹܵĵڲϰȥɽϳŵľ㵹ɽ񶼱÷ѽѽųԶȥ
ԭֱɽ·ڿУÿӿݣĹѨ̮ı仯ʱʱͺɽѾ˲ӿˮһ㡣
С˺ǰ棬žǱž̷̫̫ᰣǶͱ죬ֻҰֺ棬нקŰסӣƺ˹ǻң;òؼһ֮ΪȻţߣȫֻǲʱ߿һۣЦĪ
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˵ص㲻ǣɽǸӣɽܳˣϵ˻ô
ʶԣ˵Ҳû취ĹѨ䵥֣Ը͹ǺˣοԱ⣬ֲ޳ܵô顣
ҳĬоͺצһԶɽ¿һۣû˺ɽĵңԼԼܹǺӣֻ˼һŵƻȷʵû취Ըô֣ҲʵڲԸлǸӵĲ״֣ﷳ겻ѡֳ棬ϣһЦţ˵̷㿴Ҫǣڰȥò˶ãһϣ޳ʰЩԩҲֻǷ֮ˣǣ᲻Լ
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ЩϵϢңҲͬЩǣȻҲǵһοһȺһȺĹ֣ε̬ȫͬʲôʼնǳģܣܹһδε
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Ҳ֪ôģǰһһ黮лľĸоԽǿⳡɱҴģɶɽЩ˵ǶǵΪǵĵ顣
æҰְֿһۣ˵һ취û
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̫̫۾һᣬֻ̾һûҪ˵˼С˽һ䣬˵Сʡʡɣȥǣ˭ǣ
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Цű۾ܵǲϻɽźȻ˵̷ɣǸʱɱսսʿǵĺӦôûɣ
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Ҳһֺһ˵Сɱҡ
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һϸһֱӴ͸ƤƤһıϣֱӿڼ׵ҪұôŪɣܲˣҲһ
ҪЩһеľͺɱһϵҿģЦ֮ǰӣûϵתʱ˭һֱôء
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һ濴˿Ĺ죬һĻŪеǣת˵лãһû׼жһл壬һһ¡ȻֻчRһ죬ȻһԼϵ˳ݵ֮СһЧһƣҲŪˣһڵϰ춼
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һȣһֱϵ磬֪ǲΪ̫˵ԵʣֻʱмŴƳȥȥͶǣתһȦԼ·Ҳҡл壬»顣˵ȵЩĹʧˣܵʼɢʱҲʶ⾪յһҹڹȥˡ
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̶ʱɫһЩֵĵǶһͳȥȥˡ
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˵֪˭еˣòҰͻȥɣ
˭֪⻰ǱߺȻһ£ѿң˵˭
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·ңһ£˵Ҳ֪ʶǰҲûЩˣҶԽүүˣͷҷģҲݸУȽŲ㣬컹Ǻм
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·ңҲû˵ʲô˵绰ԺҰְ־˽Աߣ˵ղǶԻҶˣҲʲô˼·ǹߣٶණԲġ
ҳĬԴ˵ȻҺҲһ֮Ե˽Ҳˣ·ңְƽʱ￴¹ڳģǶֵʱһ㲻ֻ֣ôᴳȥġ
ҰְԴһ£ЦҲ㴳ͷмСҪȥǺܷġҲҵһĹ֮飬ǸĹ﹥ǵľ飬һΪ˶㿪лɷǣҲΪ˽⿪һĽᣬҲ·Ҿ֪顣ŵΪǼҵԵʲűھǵģЩһֱţֻǵǰû顣
ŵĹŪȥˣ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ̫ܹӾԹҲˣȥһʲôطҲ벻û׼޳Ҳ˵һ
üͷӣ˵֣ƣһε˶֪ȥлɷǲҲһ֪Բһֱǵ鷳ѵ˶ľǸ鹹ĴӣǾûطȥ
Ұְһʼûһ˼ڸҪ˵ЩʲôţӺȻһ£˵Сʲô˼ʲôСǡûطȥˡ
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ҿȥҲǸ취һԼ˼㰴ԼķʽĻһһʳ
˵ȣ㵱겻ɽϵĹѨ԰ɣ
Ұְֳһᣬ˵ͷҿҵĲ²Ӧ˼֣æ˵ѵҵıֻһ᣿
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205 
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ĩ仰ȻʶǰһĶԹ̫һЩֻһĻıȷʵˣѾĵز
ҰǱģʾͲͬˣĶͳ˱Ǳҿ˵һһһķʽ
ƣŷֲ֪ʲôʱѾȫǺˮˡһ˺һᣬҰ˵Ϊʲô㡭
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Ұüͷšһ𣬿һᣬ˵СҲ¹ľףЩʲôҲúܣ԰ɡ
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206 
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ҵͷ˵һϵ̫ˣҾͲôһͶľЩһôӡ
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Ұ⻰˰죬Ǳʾ⡣ͺ˵ԺǸһţֻҪӶľӳֱúǰһƵġ
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Ұһ⻰ЩΡ˵ҵһδӶľ³Լӣ֪Һ赱ʱûϵǾйˣҶ֪Ѿˣʲô͸ˡܹܲҵʱӻЩϤѣ򻹲ñץȥչˡ
Цһ˵Ҳûʲôõģ˽˷ˮײȻ³ˣֽ˷Źײݶڲˡ
ҰЦǺǵĿһۣ˵û裬ϲ֪ˡȻǰ˵ģֻһϵ⣬Щн취ģһּжŵ̷лҵˡ
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˵Щмһ仰ҲûвȥͣһҲ˵ôıԼӵģ
ҰְֺٺһЦ˵ˣľµǳΣȻΣҪԼʲôģֻҪɵǸӡȫĳ൱Լģ㹻ˡ
üͷ˵⻰ôƤƵġҪңǰ궼Ȳĳ˧ӳû˼ⲻǸգܹ㿪˵׷ɱ
Ұְһۣ˵СԲе뷨øģƤôô䣬ǲܣһԼ֣ͺ񱻶һġˣ¿ʼȻֻܰģһֱȥñʲôֻݾ͵ð˵ˣƾչһ಻ǲԣǣ˻ϣҪһݵģⲻЩС˵ɱԽûܵĻ롣ݣ֣ϰݵĽɫΪ֣ǰЩŻЩ벻ЧϴˣֵĹҪɱ㣬ǿǰ飬űŵˡ
һҲǣһʵϵˣ˱˵ݣܹлɷƤҲô˵Ҳ뵽СˣһûݵˣҲûκ壬˵ԼʱҲžĺܿҲĲ硣
Ұּһѣ˵㻹̲ˡ
æͷҰֿһżͨԼŷǰԼһֱ׵ĵطһӴʲô˺ܾòףʵصģľµĹ꣬ĹֿҲĻǳֻ֪һӵĹأʲô˭ҲˣͺЩϢöϴһ
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207 
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Ұְֵͷ˵˸ڻǺúϢһ£Ͼô飬Ҳģһȥ
ôһ˵ž˯ˣƤҲŴ˵䣬Ҳ׼ú˯һһˣҰְֵ飬ҲֻܹǾûҪҰְ˵ôӣЩĵҲòҲաֻҪסľЩˣһˣıԼΣһǲ𣬾һֱڣ˽һ㹻ˡ
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Сȷʵһֱעǵм֮ǰһֱ飬Ҳ׻ƤĻڣֻΪ˰һֱұ¶ǵҽź;̫̫˵ҲҪȥ̫̫֮࣬ĲŸ
ȺˣȻͺģڱ˴ˣﶼһǶܹµġ
Ǵӻ̼뿪죬Ӹ׼һٺܷʢķˣʱԵõһΣҰְָʱס޳ԷǮҲû̫Ŀ׻ϾǮҲסһ·͵ſڣ˵´ʱһҪסǼҡҿǵЦֿ˿С̾ѣ뿪ӦԶڻصˡ
ǻȥʱﶼȽɣھң;̫̫ͬһС˺һҰ̷ֺ᰻ð˱ڵЩһصᷢʲô飬Һһ𣬱ϾͨǿǴڵġһǾܾˣ˵û£ԼĴ㡣
ŵʱһڿ·ң˵飬ҲһķȽϼ򵥵ģ·ң׼ȻҪҳҾȥҶϣزصģҲȽ׽
һ·ҪʱһЩž̫̫ڼˣֱǰģʱ˵û߼Ļǳ췢Ц̫̫Ҳú࣬ҿӣǰʱûʲôͬСӦҲûʲô캦ֻҵ̬ȣǺǰһ䲻ȵģҰְ־͸ɶˣҰֻĸ˵ҿ̫̫۾ϹˣȻڿҸ׵ĳ࣬ԺûʲôԼνϾһˣƽʱӴĻҲǺܶࡣ
ÿ·Ҷǲ˶ˣһԹЦ˵ٹһֶҲܹؼȥˡ
ҷӱյ飬ʲô㣬ֳνӣ˵ȥԺҾ裬Ȼȥҷݹ̤ʵһʱ䡣
룬ͦ׵ģ;ֻ̫̫ܺסһˣùһһģˣӣûûˡ
ڶһʱǾ͵˳ǿڵշվҹѳͷ˳ȥһֱܵĶûǲай۲ҵ˴ڡҴ˸绰Ժ󣬾·߰Ҹ֪·ң飬˻ɻôһЦЦ˵û£Ҫȥһˡ
ûʲôһȥһЩҵͷԹԵľͳųȥ
·һֱڹ۲᲻˸ң죬ĽֵңҲѷʲôԾĵطǸͼûˣڽϱ˺ҿһЩҶ룬ҲΪұ͵Ǯֻ֮󶼲̫Ķ
ţͺ±˷ֲҵмһѹ˽Ųһֱߵ˳еĹ㳡ϣվһᣬͿƤˡ
ʱ䲻һ仯ûУ·ңģԶԶһֻվԶһۣûֻ߽æľͳܹȥ·Ͼȸ˵绰ҲȷڳҲŸôĵڴҹ䡣
Ƥ´һۣ˵̷ôое㲻ͬˣֵֹġ
Ҳֻ֪飬ǲΪҺСԵʣҲֻͣǺٺһЦ˵һֱڱ䰡
ûİһۣ˵ҳΪ˵仰
ҡͷ˵ôܣæġ
һ£˵ʲô飬⼸С˵ͷûУһΪԼҳҺú̸̸顣
˵±µģһ϶ܹңҲ˵ˡ
˭֪·ң˰֣Ȼ˵Ҿܹ⣬ܷŹǾˣǣȻҲ֪Լʲô㿴ôһ˹ҾҲʺǺú졣
־ϲƤ⻰˸ǹˣ˻ͦࡣװһʲô鶼֪ӣҴתͷȥһۣԼһûʲô˴ڡ
ƤЦһ˵ˣ񣬱Ҳ֪ߡ
һ䣬תʹҳЩٵȥҿûлңﻹе㰵ϲæĽŲ
һʼţȻƤ·ңӣ·ңĸȫ֪һ㣬˳ˮֱۣӰ˸ƤҶֱ֣ӽ赶ɱ˶ãϾ˵ЩǸܴ⣬ɷڻƤϣһⶼǸ⡣
ԽԽƫƧѾû˼ĵطܰЩëﻹɱ˷ŻĺõطƤǰͣ˵ǾţǲҲõˡ
Ŀܣ֪ΪʲôµͷֿʼǰһţһֲõԤУлƤߣһ̲סЩġϾǺͺĴ򽻵֪ǻǹƤҪǵסӵҲͳԿˡ
ҿͿ߳һȺģƽڽҲǺݶӣרҵĺᣬĿ˵ģЩåƦӡ
һʼͶ˶ĵطóȻ֣ҳˡ
˼ĳƤһЩƤҲ֪ЩʲôֻǿЩЦ
û뵽ǣЩǰΧסû̶ֻ֣ǳŻƤһ䣬˵С㡣
ЦЩ˻һȫƤϴӣ⼸ҵԤ֮СǣƤĬĬĵ˵ͷȻֳ̧һָ˵


208 
͵һ£лΪԼˣ̧ͷһƤı飬ϴһĪЦ⣬һ˫۾Ŀң˵̷ɱˡ
ҵˢһ¾Ͱˣŵ仯̫Ҿȣȫ벻ôһ顣Ҳûиҿǵʱ䣬̧һΧǵЩˣһ¾ͳתҪܣܶµʵʵģȫû·
ҿǳҳھͺһûͷĲӬһתǱһ´ӺקסҵҪҸѹڵϣҷȥоϵһɣ˳תűһţҲǸóܵˣǹƼҲͬǻҧ˵ġϧ˫ȭѵ֣Ҹոհѱ˸ŪˣתͷͿһһֹܣҶͷϺݺһңֻˡһԴϾһʹ۵úҪըһǰһڣֱӵ˵ϡ
ҸоڲҵӣӽֽŶסһҶáͷʹ΢΢һЩ۾ſƤվǰʲô鶼ûУֻⲻʱһۣſ˵仰ɲ֪Ϊʲôоģûз
ûһʱ䣬ӿڿ˽ߵ˽Ҵӵ̧𣬻һڲҵ۾ҲˣȻ̧˳ǳ³ǽҸȥġҸов˸˳ֱصһҵĶ䣬ҾƤ˵һߣӶʱͷˡ
Ҳ֪ҪȥǰɵһƬʲôֻܸоӿ˺ܳһʱ䣬߹հ˹յģǾʲôطͷϻһۣ⳵ӵЩܣ̲ס˳ŵҵ̧־һ˦ϣҰһЩô˴ţôƻҪңܹоƴķ磬ʶӣǰĻƤ˵һ䣬ˣϲߺߺߣҿķ
˺ٺЦһ͹һ˵ǡƤûлش𣬳Űֹһʱ䣬ӺȻһɲͣǿŵž˰̧˳ΪŵúܣҲ֪Լ̧һʲôط֮ʱ䲻ͣ½ŲְֱҶϣײһƺߡ
һŬҪӵͷȥŵ棬Ҫ۵ĶŪԼεأʱ򣬺Ȼ߹ҷһͰǰĺڲÿˡ
۾оЩģ㱾ǰڿһ˦˦ͷŷŵĶһܴܴľӣɫľ֮ҿˣӾһ·ң׾
ңϵ·Ҳʲôľ͸ˣűֹеĵط˺ܴһ飬ڿеӡͬʱһ·ңҵԣվһһķӺܴһЩܹЩˣڶѾȥˣֻʣҺ·ңˡ
žҾʧģȻЦһ˵̷־ʧı飬ӡҼ䡣
ͱס˵·ңž˹ȥϸϸԼݣĬĬĿһᣬӰóüʣĹӣҺСһοĿʱζӳɣҪ˵ʼֻܷѽѽ顣
·ң͸ӿһּۣü˵̷㲻ýˣ֪Ҫ˵Щʲôһ棬ҾҪЩʲôɡû취ش㣬Ϊһûһôֻ˵ҲµңͬҲ㣬զǶһ·ˡ㻹ǹԹԴţɡ
һŬҪ˵ԴڼĦţҪжŵĶŪǰһֱΪһ鲼ķ̫٣ЩѵͲѲ³ڻҲŷһ׵飬̫Щѣ˵ܿŪˡ
·ңַܲ˵ˣתҵ۾ЩŭĿһᣬֽҿŲ˳صĿһŻ
·ңǲ˦һԣֻǰңҵҪ˵Щʲô
Ҷݺݵĵһۣſ˵ǰǸ绰Ҵģ
ƺû뵽һֻǵЦһ˵ǰң˭
һԭǸʱʼҾѾȦˣЦһɵɵľԼԼ˸˽ȥھҲˡ
·ңӣҺܽľ룬ܹʵɢıīȻĿһۣ˵û뵽һ㣿Ҫ·ң绰ղԼҳҲ
ҲȻһЦ˵ҪͣͲƱˡ·ңôˣ
·ң΢΢Դϴһ޺ЦݣҪݣû׼ΪǴ޺֪͡ЦЦȻ˵̷ɴûʶ·ң
һ飬ó˵⻰ʲô˼ǰ˵·ңϼǱ߹ǧС
˵ͻȻһͣһֱĳƪǼȻʶǻѻǵһжǻѻ
̲ס˵㾿ʲôʱ򣬴ҵģ
ĬĬĿһۣװ˼ӣ˵Ҫ˵ɲǡ̷ҲΪ˺ܶ£㱻֮Ҫûվǰ˵ڻܻ˵ˣΪ˾ѪôҪĶ˹ײû˽Ѫ͵ҽԺûѪ꣬㻹ܻҲǴʵʵҵ
ﾪķͬСɣû뵽Ҽ·ңĵһ濪ʼӴģν·ңȻͬһˣĻһ·ӿʱףҾȻƭһһΣʱҽԺǾߴѪĸʬû뵽Ҳ·ңһְģ
ҼֱԼĶ䣬Źȥ֮䷢һһΣҪҳһԷЩ֤ǲô룬ĵȴʼվãܹЩ֤һһƷҿ־ǣҸͷֱ治˵Щ滰Ǽٻ
һŬһԼ½Ŀϡ˵ҽԺ˶֪·ңĴڣ㲻ȫƭģ
Цһ˵ҿû·ңôһˣ˵ģֻûʶѣһʼ׼ݳǰʱѾûдڵıҪˣһڴһҳһģһˣȻҪʶȥɽʬҳû׼ܼĻ꣡


209 
˭ҵģ˵ƤһƹһȾֳӣ۽ȻͬһǰҽĹ£̲סЩۡ˿̵ۣҵĸоͺ񵹽һ֮Уֱ䵽˹
û̫飬˵ⷬʱ򣬶赭д·δ˵СҲ֪ԼôˣͼȥĻֻ˵һֱΪ㣬ҴӾҽԺԼʱС߹ң˵ܵɺֲܿϢտʼһֱΪֻǸиĹ꣬ǺݣҲž㵱ʱҲҽԺֻû뵽ǸҴͷ·ңȻ㡭
ĬĬעңӣڻҳĵϣһԼȻ˵̷֪Ƥò˶೤ʱ䣬Ҫ²һױɫˣӿǳ¡ʵ·ңҲû뵽ͻȻ֪ǾﾵŲô·ңҪɱʱһоûСֻû뵽һ֣ͻҵļƻ
ҺǺһЦԳһ㣬˵ļƻҴ֪ļƻʲôֻ֪ҪѪ꣬Ѫ˵һĲֵ
·ңҲЦһ㲻ңô֪һĲֵֻһΣҳ׻ˣ֪Ժᷢʲô仯ҿĻǣ֪ʲôʱһֱߣʱܿһȻ뿪ˣҲҲڣ·ҵ˻׷ʲô顣ǣպһ죬ҪƤ²ױûѡֻܶҽԺŮΪ֪ҲȥֵطǸиҽԺҵİֶѣ뿪ʱߣ֪ͨҡҵϢҲǸʱ¶İɡ
һ£ƺ֮״ǳ⣬˵֪ôɣҸողױãͻˣиʶȤһϷȻΪԵʣҲһСæǸʧֺӵҽˡ
ҸоԼϳ鴤һ£Цһ˵һϷ
΢ЦԴƺһ䳰ĻǶһ㡣
ұǼ䳤һ˵Ȼôòײ֮ĹϵЩͰǰһУ׵׵Ļ
·ң̾һЩʧ䣬࿪۾ٿң˵ǰһʼһжչ÷ǳ˳ֻһֱߣѪ˵Ļ֪ǸС˺Ȼ˽仰ͱ¶ҵݣҾİŵһжˡ
˵ͷҵ۾˵̷˵ʵ֪ҲԺǲĵ׾Ϳʼеִĸоˣ
ҳĬһ£ҡҡͷ·ңһⷴӦ۾΢΢һ£˵ƭң
˵ûУȻõ￴ڻƤȷʵŵùǺͷβΪµģǽ졣ʱйǣھƵôʱ䣬ʱңȻҲЩԸΪ㡣׷ɱСĻڣǻסһ𡣿ҲǴǸʱҺֱӣнˡ
·ңҰΣû˵һ֣ųЦһ˵̷ԽԽˣ⻰˵ĺһϧƭˣҲͬƭ
̾һ˵ŲžɣҾԼôˣͺһЩ£⣬½ֻ֣ȻʱѾ˺ˣֺαڰôࡣ
·ңͷŵ棬˵㣬˵ڰԼʱѪ껹û䣬ǲġϧӽ¥һ֮ҾѾʼһˡֻû뵽ʧ˼죬Ժ󣬾ȻϵҡǵǼԺҲŷıˣ̷ǵҸ˵ģıЩǸʱʶģ³ҵԤϣģҵƿˡ
ޱЦЦ˵䣬οءҪһֱӣȥģǱ˲˵ҲῴԼ
·ңĵ˵ͷֵǰе鶼ڱ䣬ӽԽԽ࣬ԤڵķԽԽԶˡοС˵ıѣҴֲҰ㸽ߣȻһһȥˣһȥʲôطҾȻһ֪ôչȥһ죬ŶԸңҶᱻڹء
ҸɸɵЦЦû˵Ҫǰһûôһ죬ڣҲžһ죬綼ᵽ
·ңһƺҪѹĵ׵Ļ˵һ£ż˵죬ҿһѪֵʱ㲻֪ҾпģõҲ뿪ôһĹͱ˸ˡҲλڣƽʱװɵؼʱ򣬾ȻҺлǹȥ
Щ鵹Ҳ֪ģʱΪ˶㿪ѪԶԶ뿪һᣬҪϮǵĿյҲܹˡԭǸʱ򣬰˱ھͿǵ˼Ȼ֪ʲôһᡣޡ
뵽飬ȻЩ⡣̲ס˵ȻҪ֣һôжأ
·ңһ⻰ɫʱˣ˵£̷㵽ڻ˼ƭҡΪҲ֪һǸ̷ʲôˣҸո˵ģӽ¥Ǽ֮ҾѾʼ²ôЦǣңҰлɷˣϧ㲻֪ʱѾҵ֮һ˰ɡΪ̸Ҳȥһ棬ֻû뵽һδкͱͱһлʬġҴҪ໥ԼЩ˽˲ٶף̷ᰵΪʲôᱻ˰ɣΪ˵Ķʵ̫ˡ
һ˵̷ѵҲǵˣ
·ңһЦ˵̷лɷˣֻϧվ˶ӣһֱлɷȻڼð㣬㻹лӣʱ֪İץ˭Ҳᷢټλϣͺ񿴴ҵͼһ㣬Ȼֻǲ۵Сһƥܵǿ찡ӡһûа취ʵڲУлɷֻܱ¶ˡϧʱҼСˣʼվǸƽȻлɷץ㣬ϻôһִˣò׵ȵᣬͶ
û뵽ôӣҲû뵽ЩҿȻ飬ȻһŽſպҽסãû·ңϣһΣҲӲȥ


210 Թ
ͷҲ˵ûʲôȥˡʱ򣬺Ȼţ·ңæվӣ˵һɡ
תͷһǰסҵһ˽ſڳ·ңһ˵С㣬ˡ
·ң˵ͷ˵ǽС
£Ȼ߽һЩֽҴڲϵѪһսԼĿڴȻԼԺβһ²ؼӡ⴫һŲƺкܶ߹룬Ӧþ·ң֮ࡣû뵽ǣ߽ˣȻְ֣
һסˣʵû뵽ȻҲ·ң֮һȻҲ֪ǴʲôʱʼģҴӶľ»ԺҲֻΪ־һΣ־Ĺ﷢飬Ӳһ飬ѵʱźһУԼȥûпǹҲ
˽һͦװϵıǳ࣬Ŀɨӣҵϣɫʱֳ˼֡һһ˹·ңæЦЦװһı飬һ塣
ҿ⸱̬ӣЩЦ֣֪ǰ·ңʵݡһ£ŽĿת·ңǿһЦݣ˵ְǻû
·ң˵ͷ˵Ұֻûȵһɡ
ְƵġһ漴ֳҿ˹˵̷ּˡ
ҵЦЦ˵ǰֻû뵽ôһֳ档
΢΢Դ˵㻹ϣʲôģѵҪҼңɳڸһ裿
ҺٺٵЦһ˵оҲ
⻰һ˵̧꣬һžͳ˹һҵڵϣֱӣϱеĵطۣоЩ̣ѪˡǴҲҪʣԲǰʾˡ
·ң״оȵĺһЩµ죬˵ʲôǲ˵Ұ̷ֻǺʼ仰
˵ֽܿҷ̷û°ɣ
۾һᣬһǵı飬ᶼˣè޺ӼٴȱģְҲһǵѪҿֻЦ
׺һ˵Сң֪ǰ̷鲻ĺܺã飬Ͳùˡ
·ң΢΢һ£ŵ˵塭ǣѵҪ̷ɣ
Ǻһ˵ڣҶѾɢˣ̷ңҺ̫࣬˵ʲôҲҪֻģ
ҿͷϵˣȴԽԽЦôһһļƣƺ·ңȫ֪飬ǽϵһˣû׼лɷҲ˵Ͼ·ңҪֵúǰһֹ۲Ųᱻ˻ɡ
ֻǶ׵Ļ̲סһ䣬˵ǼΪʲô˽ԼףҪûҰְ֣֮Ͳô顣
ֺһͣƺҴʹ׼ҴǱ·ңסˣſ˵ҵǰһ壬ʲôᣬҽ⿪ˡûֵıҪ
ʵڿȥ·ңӣһڣ˵㲻װģˣڿ㣬оЩġ
תͷһְۣ֣۾ˮһ¾ͻˣлΪѹһ䣬̷˵ʲôűֵϣȴʼմһЦݡֻ˵ǺǰһЩȣЩġ
һֽ˵Сң㿴˰ɣ̷ˣΪǺãǻᷴҧһڣ
·ңĽҧ촽ĵѹתƺЩʧһ㣬ȥˡ׺ȻһƵģеһ˾ͽŸϣյķֻʣˡ
ۿңŲ΢΢˼һᣬȻ˵̷㣬ʵ˵ְֵ꣬ǲû
ҵڵϣǰػزƤЬһЦ˵ְˣ˵û
ִصĺţĬһᣬһ̣ųһ˵ûûɱģҲģܻšΪʲôлɷǰҰְֳˣǸ԰ˣ˭
ڵתӣƵģƽ컨壬⻰˼֤ʵǰĲ룬Ȼ϶֪԰ᷢʲô飬ЩϮǵĶƾлɷĹôţоЩһ㣬˵Ĳֻ찡ԼŮķĹΪñ˶ֽ
ͷԿһᣬ˵ǲܴųȥˣҲҪǸͲ־ĹѨһңЩҵıҲܹˣǰڣҲҶǣȥˣҲˣʱлɷ磬еĹ֣ǳȥģСڣҲôǸطͲ־ķĹ
˵ôϻһЩĶﾹȻ־ķĹҲ־ʬ壬ǲ˵־ʵšȤǣ·ңڵõѪǰһֱ뷽跨ȻлɷΪȴƫƫ෴Ҳ·ңӦò֪԰﷢飬һУлɷ米ģһƤһˣƺһʼŽᰡֵı󣬻ŸԵĹ̥
Щ飬Ҫ֪磬ܹΪ·ңлɷ֮ĽڣϧڣѪѾ·ңˣҵӦҲںˡܽǲܹлӳȥһϣǰܹЩһֱ벻׵飬ŪŪ
б۾һۣСģ
£˵Ϊ˱ǣҿǻ˴˼С̫ãѾϣˡСҸŪһµݣȥˣЩ趼֪ҷ˶һд׵лɷһ߼ʬҵһĻСϷ룬ϾǰݣҲûʲôˣЩ鶼ˣٰӻҵ⣬ء
ĬĬĿһۣûг֪Ϊʲôڵ֪־ûϢȴһҲĲֻеɱ־Ǹ־ϧҲıˡ˵ףְֱڱʵϣ⡣ȻҪӦðĸһͳȥֻһˣη塣
ƺЩźǵ⣬Ͼƭˣһʱ佲Щϲ˵ϧлɷǸбµˣƫƫϣ֪ѶʱҲԥˣûû׼Щѣһ˲öԸ·ңףִ֪һѷлɷˡҲеԸ㰡
ЦһֱԼǶЩ˽ٵˣһײȫԼ֪лɷɱģ˵ʲô·ңİְ˸˻Ǹģлɷ籾ˡ


211 
ž⻰ˣֿ϶Ҳţ˵ʵڵģˣ治ú˵ʲôõĽϾڻԼίҪ㹻ˡ
ֻǺ棬˵·ңˣΪʲôԸЩ飬ְֺ죿
ֵһЦ˵ҲòҲգǮ˾Ըҡ·ңףǰһطˣǼһʼЩƲ֪ɣȫǸùöֻʣˣǰǵطС˭֪Ǽǵ¡Ҳ֪ôˣӵԽԽùǼҾ͸ԣˣ˵رȽˣʱҲֻǸСӣ㲻֪жĽһ㿴ңҲһǮһҲͶ·ˣҲ֪ԭһ﷢¸
˵ţɳܴľӿ˹ȥߵӱϣ˵ֶ֪ܹתƣҵֺ꣬αظְǳȥðգǳһ鷳
Եӣ֪ǲҲڴ澵ӵ⣬ЦЦ˵֪·˶˲Ż⾵ȥû׼һˣ㣡ҵϲּġ
ҾĵӰıģ˵ϧ֪ôʮ꣬ھûֶҲһܹɻڴҲ·һⶫһ٣䵽ֵز
һ˵ţһתҼǵϴλϼȥСʬҽԺ˻Ǹʱ·ңִҴҼһ棬һﻹһʮӣҲûܣֻ±仯̫죬˭뵽ͼµʱ䣬ǼѾӡ
ҺٺЦţ˵ǳ飬ϴλȥʱ򣬾Ѿ·ңְ˰ɡ
תͷһۣһЦ˵㵹ԽԽˣȻ֪ԷסһǰҲûʲôϵǴȥҽԺû뵽ֻ·ңһС쾹Ȼѣ½ʱǶûаѻ˵ƣֻ֪˴ǳѡְ˸˳ˮ飬ȫˣƾǴ˵еԵְɣү֪ǻֵʱֱǰ͸ƺˡ̷㻹Ĵ𰡡Ҳ㣬Ҫ־͹衣
ҺǺЦţ˵ǹҰ裬Ǿ̫˵ˣԲŻЩ飬ּĸ׾ͲӳԺûҪҰְֵͲ豨ʮ顣
ɫһ£Ȼ˵ˣָоͺ񱩷ǰһЩˣɾЩҲҪ˵ģʲôʸ񱨸Ͳǰֵܹ㣬Ļк顣
һһ˹۾ᳯŵڵϵңȻ̧žͲҵؿڣȵƺһעң˵̷Ҫ֪ұȥǸعΪľǮʵ̫ʧˣֵط͹ģҪǸĹʼҲڴһȥͳʧˡò׿ƿӣ˵Ҫңǰ֪Ƕǲģǵع﷢飬Ⱳ˵ͺһǮû֣˵һ෼ͮʶģ̫ŵʱ˵أûЩ棬˵Ҳɱְ֣ȥ෼ͮһ˵ڵع飬һܰӹ
ԭΪһõĽڣͻȻʧķˣ֮ģɱҰְֵĶһҷǳҰְҲѾµˣͺ˵ģֵֶԭ򣬶ѾҪˡ¹Ϊ֣⵽̫̫ıϧףԼôȴӲĶӡ
ҿԼ˽Ķ˸ʶȫⲻˣҲܲ˵ġֲҲԲԭµġοֲһУֻΪ¶ѡ
ҶݺݵעԼ۾ȫԹɫϴЦ⣬˵Ҳָң㶼ɸˣԺҲòں㡣ҪҶӵҾҪ׼ȥžۺˡ
˵ţţҸоһۣҧһ
ʱ򣬷źȻˣӭ߽һˣϴͬĺɫװͷĵԺһΣ϶ʱһĪЦ⣬·ңĸס
߽ϵɨһۣ˵ָ磬ôͶˣ˵ˣСҪҽ
ֿһۣǰϣʱչһЦݣ˵ãѾЩȲˡ
·ң׺ٺЦţװģģתͷ⺰һ˵ǽɡ
һ䣬˽ҲҪķԸͺѾźƵģߵǰСĽӷƽڵϣȻңϵֽ˽̧ȥ
һ׼׵Ȼи˽һɫ·ʹʮģЦЦĿҡһˣɫȻ˵ʦҲˡ
ʦĬĬ˵ͷֱڱ˵ܲǷѪһҪѻ⵽ȥ׵
һתʱ˾ֿ˵ǸˡҺĿһſھ뺰лɷ֣񿴴ҵͼæǼ˵һ䣬Ҷϣ
ҡžľͱ˦һ⣬Ѫ絽˾ϣּ·ң֮ǰڵϵĲҲճ˶ٻҳֱӾеעлɷϣҧȫãѾ׵ˡ
ĿɨǰˣЦ⣬·ңһѵӣϲһ£ͺʷһҷ·ֻص˼ǰ·ұն׵һĻɵžң⾵ѾˣʲôûУҲûָˡ
·ңңץҵͷҡҵԴҿ˿ְ̧˰ҵĲӣ˵طһȥѪֹסˡ
ҽŵиڳ˵ҪˣҪˣ
ɲ֪Ϊʲôǰһ뻹ܿ־壬ɺҾȻЩԵ˷ܣλεĵȻЩЩ˽ҵ޳һ˵лɷ磬·ңˣûκһܹӵˣ
ΨһĵֻǣС˵һ޳û˵˼άˡʱһ᲻󱨸ĳ嶯ʵûʲôա
·ңְƺĥһûֱõҵĲӣתұסֽţĵطݺݻһ£ҶʱоһĵʹѪƿڵĵطоЩůůġͬ۵졣
ְֿ˿ҵķӦƺ⣬תͷлɷһ䣬˵ʦô԰ɡ
лɷЦһ˵ʱܵĥԽ࣬Թͻأ⵽ӵҲ͸ǿϧ㲻٣ͱʮ嵶ȻЧã


212 Ӱ
лɷĻ̲סһϱĵط۵亹ðˡҪ٣ƻûô൶Ҿͱĥˣ·ңְֺ⻰̼һЦĸӹˣͷ˵úãҾô̹
Ҫ˵ֱˣκͱµʵʵģҲãֻ·ңְ̬Ƶģŵֱ۱Ȼţһݣһ̲סʹھϲŤӣ·ңɫһűǼ˺һ˵ץˣҶ
Ǽ˻࿴һۣƽʱЩ캦ǮҲûֳ棬һŲֱ·ңּӴһ䣬һҵֽŽסǱͷȥ֪ǲ̣ǲҼҡ
·ңЦһõỮţлһ㣬˵̷ƽһҿ׾ͱȽϺãȰŪˣҪܣҲûлˡ
۾ŭҪˣҲҪҳҧ϶ȫˡͺϰһ㣬㶼βͿˣ϶ΪһһϵľĴ
϶ҿһﵶ׼Ҫȥ۾ˣǷĵҪ£ʱлɷȻһ䣬˵ȵȣ
Һ·ͷͬʱһ㶣̲ס˹ȥҵȻΪǺİ飬ﻹǽŲѣֳʲôлɷȻӻͳһ֧ëʣ·ͷЦЦ˵ôŪƷϵѪҲжʱˡȵҰѸղŷųѪɷһʱ򣬻ֱӾܷ⵽˱һûãһܵĻǶҲ˵ʡһЩѪˣ鷳
·ͷԺһЩһ֪ģлɷ˵һ䣬͵һͷͺײӣ˵ʲôҾʲô
лɷ翴û̧ëʣմһھϵѪʼھӱԵȫڻЩʲô·ûκ·ѭ˵ģӱȵúܣëھӱԵϵĺۼûһͷˣ˺ܳɫָһۣͻᱻĨһ㡣Ȼܼ򵥣ǵЩлɷѾͷˡ
תͷԵ·ͷЦһЦ˵Ѿˣ
·ͷæЦһҪ֣һץҵ˺Ȼһһһƨ˵ϡһУ˵Ŀ⹻ϡ·ͷɫԣͺ񿴵ʲôֲĶһɳҿһۣûʲôüͷһ䣬˵ʲô
˺ʮּ٣ãȻĿһۣȻһָӣ˵֣ǿֵӰӣ
һ⻰ֽĿת˹ž￴һۣվں֣Ҳüͷ쳤ӿ˹
ұѹţͷתȥ֪µľﵽ׳ʲôһǱȻסˣͺĳֲֿĶҪӾһһûжôһĳĬ˼룬ߵлɷȻĺһ䣬˵ô
һ±üһѹҼϣŵ˵̷㲻ǱΪʲôΪʲôĻǺȻˣ
һʱûŪ⻰˼Ų˵Ҳ˵·ͷţ㶵Ŀһۣſһ䣬˵ʦ⵽ô¡ô֮ǰ˵Ĳͬ˵һã̷ĻǾͱھ⾵ղˣھֻ֣ô¡
лɷĿһۣʲôҲû˵ֻͷϵ亹ۿɼٶð˳ӺȻǰһ㣬˳ֽ·ͷĵ˹Ū·ͷĪ˵ʲôһӣֽʻ˶
лɷһҿóõֶЩӷҵǰ⸱ƣͺֱҪҵһŪҸӽš·ͷԾһ䣬˵ʦ˵ЩͷЧźǡ볹˽ˣ
˭֪ո£лɷȻһ죡ģǰǸĵȫͬ·ͷ˶Ǵ㵵ģŻһ£˵ҸղŷסѪֵֻ꣬ľͱˣȵȵȣȷһ顭
˵꣬ŵϻһ£Ҽǿ⵶д۾ȥģһһǶƤ֮У˵־ʹ־ŵĸо㹻ľˡ
һѪƤлɷеëʣϺͿͿֺղһתͷľǰղһ±ʱ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ʱʱֳ￴һۣûʲôھͼ
״̬ûãлɷ羹ȻҲǰǸһëžһµڵϡһᣬֱԱߣ۾һգգģµľӡѹҵļ˼ͬʱֶһĳȥʼһվ˵ԼܲˣľͳȥԱߵһģҲæȥ·ͷ˵ǶһǸûĻһգ۾ûӰӡ
·ͷ˶ˣһԵлɷ翴һۣȫû⡣ִӺ˾һۣлɷ磬˵ʦ⵽ʲôԵ𡭡
лɷû̻ش˰Σ૵˵һ䣬ɱɱˡ
·ͷһ⻰Ͼͼˣæлɷߣ˵ʦôɱˣ㿴ڽչúõģֻǾĶе˶ѣۿҪˣĻ꣬һ⣬
лɷʱָž˵֪ʲôⲻܹסģ
·ͷһ⻰ɫʱһ࣬˵ʦ㡭ںú취㱾´󣬿϶еģҪû⾵ӣ˵Ժôźã
һǳӣһʱҲ˲ϹˡҾŲӣҪתͷȥ浽ʲôɲ֪ǰ˻ʧѪĹϵ΢΢һ͸оЩΣǿžһһӲȥŬԴת˹һҲһɵˣ
ҰھϣͶӳӰӣҲͬаһ۾ֱĿҲһĿңģһȫڣ۾涼һƬɫֻԴֻ˵֣ĵطͬҵԭ塣
ļһȻǺ޳
һԭŵһ¾Ϳˣκģֱ̱ھҲʱµľӣȻһţѿһСĿӣ


213 Χ
ѿᣬڶУоͺƾһ㣬˵ߣȫ˹лɷһ¾ͼˣҴææߣҵżĺҵ֣˵̷һ㣡
ܹоϺϴĴʹлɷҵʱҶдɾǸоεúܣ۾Щģģġʱµľִһƺвͬĵطѿˡ
лɷżź˺һ˵ǻŸʲôֹѪҪһͦǻȥ
˻ûзӦҿ·ͷһѶͷϺˮ˵⾵ӣѿ˰ʦɵø𰡣û⾵ӣԺҪô죡
лɷݺݵؿһۣ˵⾵ӾףҲزסҪĶɸҼţ̷Ҫǳ£զ˭ܲˣˣҲ϶һӣ˭ٵ˭
·ͷֺȻһۣżˣ˻Ƶĳ˹·ͷôҽԺˣ˿ǰĿӾͿʼ취ֹѪоϾõöˣֻһĵ˵̷ҪסǶ¶ͦˣҪôˣǿϧ
˵ЦȻ۷裬Ƕﻹ׵ģֻǰ飬⻰оϾǻ˷Ц
ʵһֱԼ̶ֳȵˣԶԶûĳ̶ȣֻһ޳ھ֪ôģûһҪȥĶﾡȻҲĸоֻҲ׾ĶôǺ޳ϾϴĹѨʱǰɫġ
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ͷȥž￴һۣĺ޳ûʧǰֻͷֵλЩ仯ӣȻѾȫˣֻ޳ĴСҲ֪࣬ǲǾͶӰԵʡ
ԽҾԽǾûʲôлɷɫȫǰĿһۣ˵ˣˣ
ո£ȻֱӣŲȥֺ·ͷһķӦǣӶһ飬Ҳ˹ȥһʱǷӦñȱ˶죡֪Ǹյſڣ⿴һۣŲȻֹסˣҲ֪濴ʲôһ£Ҳ·ͷһ䣬˵ôͺˣ
£Ӱͳֻһʱ䣬Ȼ˵԰㰡
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лɷһԥʱһ˵ϽģҪɣ
һ⻰ͷϵ亹һ¾ðˣǰǿЩԥʲô룬ֱͳ绰첦˹ȥҶݺݵһֵزˣǴˮ
绰һʼƺˣְһ໰ֲһΣǧӣҲڶ绰ͨˡһ»ϲ˵СأǲǣǲģڸϽ
Ҳ֪ڵ绰ͷ˵˾ʲôһ¼Ҳôֱܶ࣬˵̷ϣ㲻͵
ͬͷǸʲôӦ˵һ䣬ãšȻͳ˹һ³Ĳ˵СС˵仰Ȼţ
ҵҧݣһϷһⷴӦʱžĸһƣûסһ䣬˸߲ŵ绰˵С찡˰ɣʱ䲻࣬Ҫˣֻܵʬˣ
˵µַžͰѵ绰ˣתͷлɷЦЦ˵㶨ˡ
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·ͷһ⻰ͼˣ˵Ůأ
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·ͷɫ˼֣ҿһۣ˵ʦ̷⵽׻ʲôΪʲô㶼³ˣ
лɷǽϻţ˵ǲǹ񣡹а취ԸûСںúÿǶ˵ҪҲܹס
лɷ⻰û˵꣬ȻǽһֻѪܵ͵һ¾קǰ½һ˻ûعͺݺݵײǽϡ·ͷһ⾰󣬶ʱһŵ˶ˡæĳˡְһ绰ֱ˵ϡ
лɷ类ֻѪקţײǽϳһĻҡҲ򶨵úܿ죬ָͷһҧһѪֱӳǽһ㡣һһĽѪһ¾ǽɽţлɷǽϵѪӡȻŤһŸƴǽﳤһ㣬ʹţѪͺһһü֮䡣
·ͷǰľŵȫҶ鲢ûΪлɷͽŵʱһԵķźȻءһ·ݺһƵģûнϲϴײ˵һȾŻᱻҵɲ֪ǲлɷķˣ죬žǲᱻ򿪡
ͬһʱ䣬ӣܵǽϾȻײҿһһӡ֮ǰһšءһǽϾ͹һûãܵǽϣӡ·֣뼫ǽںŵɱһ
лɷűһµľһۣɫѰ׵˵һ䣬ˡ޳Ҫˣ


214 仯
⻰һ䣬µľӣȻһžҷһŷ⾵Ѿѳ飬޳Ӱӣ·Ѿѿһ㡣
лɷңŲ΢΢ţһһ㳯ȥ·ͷְ֣ƺҲʶΣƵģѧлɷӣҪԶһЩ
ĬĬעž޳ͺҲһȻ˵һͺ̶ִĵһ㣬ʱЩ¡оǳ֣ͺҪЩ߰ͷȫϳȥһһͷʹѵĸо䶼ʼˣ·Ҷ˵ŻӦЩʲôЩʲôһ
ֻתģ۾ҪЩϿǲôֿ֮ȥͺںҵʶҪȡԼ˼һ㡣
ܵûһʹҾôʹȫǾϵʹϺϵ˿ڴĴʹжȫԺԲơ
ֻǰܶӰӣǰʶˣǰ飬Щʱ̫Զ飬ģˡЩ˵Ӱӣҿʼﺰǵ֣һ룬ҿǣͺİһţǵӰһһǰʧոջһʧɽָо͵ˣֻһĪĴЩ˴ûҵֹһ
־Ժвظţֻܿߵˣ죬жСǣһһվںԶĵطңûб飬ǳĮһļ¸СоһǵӰͺǰЩ˵Ӱһʼ䵭Ҳ֪ȻЩʧĸо˺ѷεĺһҪֱֹ仯
ҵǣǵӰȻúܱܵҪȫ͸ˣֱ仯ͣ·֪ǿҪʧҲһһ飬ȻС˵Ļ޳󶼻ǰһУǵĹص䡣ģͺںѭһ
۾Ҫһ֪ǰܿȻԤϵı仯ܵһжŤţղǼʵǽڣͻȻһ΢ŵɫ͸ıĤֻҪ룬ԺĴд͸ȥ
ܹǽĶʱ˿̣Ĺ֣ι״ģһſǽ󣬲Ĵǽ棬ֻǵĶҿһжô·һָܹŪĶôһȺȴⱡĤһǽһ취ûС
лɷǣ˽ڽҵЩʧ룬ϵıѾŤ΢΢һ£ϵӣҪѵͷһתЩϣȻ׷ȼ治֪ģƾճһ㣬УɫǳѤһƬɫҲ֪ĳʶһ¾ϳǹʱϵֲ֪ķţոճ֣ϵӾͱյʧյĻҳû¡
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ΨһǰһģֻʣҵİԴһƬڣӲϣ͸ŨīһĺɫɫǹҰֻұ߻ԭף۾۰Ѿûˣһ𣬳һƬҹһĺɫѾȫˡɫֲļɣһҪϵơ
ҿԼӣվɲ֪ΪʲôҸоԼȫѾתһ£һͷ顣
ҳŽлɷ˹ȥֵҾȻ벻ǵֻ֣ǿǣֻ֪ˣɶǵģȴԽԽİ
лɷ˶ǽˣʱҲŷԼûôҹŬҪˣѾû·ˡֻܾŵĿң۾ƺҪѪˡŬ¿ˮȻס·ͷְ֣˵ûУûȫ仯˵һڣûˣ죬ںȻһӳױˡզǿɾˣ
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ҿӣʼֲõԤУŬһżѵһ䣬㵽ҪЩʲô
СûлشֻǺȻվĶͳһöӣһ²ԼֵĶ֮ϣһعʱѾѪעˡ
ٺЦţתͷбԴһۣȻ˵̷ţôɲΪ㣬⣬ҲֵģҶӵ
˵⻰ǰһŲͻȻֶסˣֻûлͷҲø˵ССңȷʵûٺ£ôܵܣԺ飬ɡ
ԽԽԾһûţþȫ˻ߵĳһ䣬˵㵽ҪЩʲô
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Сĵߵӱϣָһ²βƽľ棬Ȼֻ̧Ѫ֣ľϻǼƣȻǰлɷҵѪķЩƣֻСֱ֣˿Եôֲڵöࡣ
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һ䣬΢΢һȻءһԴݺݳž˹ȥһͫ׷Ŵ©һģſȫںһĻ𾪵ò


219 
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СûһǸײƣ˹ڵϣͷһƬһˡ
˳ˣհһƬΣյľˣֻǵԭأֱӣҪø
ҵһΣԼߵȥлЩҲã߱ҲգûκˣСһϵôӽġֻĹϵǳӣѵУӵѶ㲻ϣɵЩ鷢ԺҶС˺ܴĸĹۣܾãԶϣô򵥣Ȼ·ңǰֵñɵɵǵһμʱҲһɵҹ˾һլƵʱҲŷԼϸһ棬ĹѨ֮Уĳ֣ǳӵתȻǾЩףôҶ޷ȫȫﻹΪһ뵽ĵû㹻ֶΣҲұŻƤںЩֽš
ڣҳɵˡôһˣôһֿͻ״ôȥˣһһԤϵļ˷ʽҶصǸոӳŵʱǾǲͷĻת֮䣬ȴʳһ㣬ղŵĻȫĨȥˡʱԶǿ˸ЦƵġ
ҲĳȥҪߣſҪһ䣬ŷԼݴƺȫڷ䣬˵һĻлɷ翴һĻʱЦһӹȺ˳ϱЩϷʡ
ȫûעϣֻһһŲӣҪС˵ʬȥҺòŲȥ׵ľ룬˫źȻ˴Ӻһֽһءʱлɷ굽СߣС˼ͷݺһţһߵһԣҲſС˵ԴѾѪģˣвٲƬԴƤ֮УףѵòҲ̶á
Ҷݺݳлɷ翴һۣͬңһЦ˵̷۾
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һ䣬Ȼϵ·һϣӾһѾȻͳ˹û뵽ֶЩȣЩĿ˵һССľϸĩʶĽ۾ϣˣܹоɱҵϣͻЩϸСĿӡҪ۾Ϲˡ
һʼûôʲôãžһǺæתͷȥŷЩĹӰЩƬһңͺذ״̽һƬǴ͸ǻûм䣬ͻȻͣǻ֮Уһ룬Щ־ͿƲסĲҽһһ㳯ƬĵطһֻֻС֣ŬĽЩȥ·Ǹ飬ȥһ
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ʱԭرյķţȻͨһ±ƿˣײײĳ˽ȿңæһ䣬˵̷û°ɣ
Ҳǣû˵΢΢ô룬Ųͷȥһ۶ֻ˺ʯһ㣬ǽǺñѪȾľ򣬻еһԵģС˵ʬ塭
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ʼû˵ҲûжֻվԭأС˵ʬ壬˰Σתͷһۣһ䣬磬˭
Ҳ֪ôشֻתԴȥҿ۾Ȼ˹ҵ·˵ʹҡҵӣһ˵˵˲Ұְɣû׼ʲôӹײˡ
һǲȥ߸˵ʱԶŵ׷ʲô飬Ҳ֪˵ʲôźãһƬңĿ޺֮ʲôҲ
Լô뿪طģʶѾԺֻǵŪ˳ȥûȥҽԺֱӻ˼ңҷڴϣӷ裬ƺһ㣬ûþ˯ˡ
ʱ򣬷Լϵ·Ѿһףúֽܵϵ˿ҲˣϣҲһɴ˵Щ⣬ȥҽԺĻû׼˵ע⣬ЩҪ鷳˸ǰǼұȽϤҽҴ˿ڡЩҶڶһҲûϣ˵꣬Ҳ˵أ
ɫʱó˵ڻȹԼӰɣЩ飬ְǻᴦõġ
Ķ·⣬Ķûдڼ氲ģһ̾˿һ顣̾һ˵Сʬϼȥˣ澵̫ĹȥҲҲͬһͣ˸ɸɾְȥˣôҪְ־һɥֻڣ㡭
ҾĻ΢΢Щ࣬ңҲ֪ôȻСǰҲ˵ôΪңΪԼĶӣ˵ףһеԴͷҲΪ̫ŻƤԵʡ
ʱ˵СˣԲԿû⻰ϣ룬ʱСΪ˵õѪ꣬ͻƤֵʱǲҲͰԼԺˣ
쿴˵벻ףһ䣬˵̷ڴô죿
㶵Ŀһۣתͷյ⣬˵ҵԼ˺ˣȻȥѪһ
üͷʣѪģ
ֱ۾˵ڻƤ
ЩȵʣԼù𡭡
ȭͷϵ˿ڻʹ쳣˵ҲҪһΣ


220 
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ֻǴԺ˾ͱˣ˺ܶ࣬ƽʱһ˷Ҳ֪ЩʲôüŻᷴӦ
һʱ䣬ϵ˺תļΪܲڴϣŪ˸ΣʱĸоͺԼͻȻϵ˰ʮһһֱסһҺ˵Ҳûȥˡøš
ЦЦҵٵߡ
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ҲǵǻԺĵڼ죬֪ϣҳƵϣȻﴫһЩƿţ濴һۣһڴϣ˶굽һһģ˿Щѹ룬ҲӦþ飬жʮ꣬ûУԼҲ̫ͬˣ˶ڵģŶܳȥһӣҪţҪһССĵط
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˰ΣΪǲ˵ˣŬһ䣬˵Һ㲻ͬûѡ
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Ȼĸоһ£˵СʱҺúչģȻûʲô£ɾƴҲʲôġ
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΢΢ȻȷʵһСʵѾĳһ츰׼·ңһ˵㣬뻢ıƤȻҲ֪ЩΣԡ
΢΢ͷֺһ㣬˵磬ǰһֱԼҪлһˣкܶΣҲ㶼̲סɱͷҰְ˵ţֻһֱãǲģʱΪ£úסҲ֪ʲôʱʼѪ⡣ǸʱҲףַԸıҵˡ
ҳĬĵ˵ͷ֪˵ʲôãȻЦЦ˵Ҳ֪ģҰǸûʲô£һƵģһҲΣҴЩǳܣ뿪û׼治ˣŸ˵Ѫ顣
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˵˵ţȻ̧ͷңޱ˵ǱҪţҰǳģ֪ѪϣҲΪʱʵһѪһҲϣܹȥʱҿӣĶˣһûµʱ򣬾ҹҹĺȾƣȶˣ˵ںǸ˵ԲҲԲ㡣룬ʵҰְֵҰҲǳûû˼ҰҲ̯˻ˮ
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뵽ҲЩѹǸƺּᶨְ࣬۽ǵᣬ˵ô룬벻ҪǿѪְֿ꣬϶Ϊȥңͺ˵Լôһ죬ʵһʼѾ¶ˣҲѪ飬ֻϣиŵͷѡڵһʱ䣬϶˺ˣȥѪһ
֪⻰Ȼҡҡͷ˵˱磬ѾˣѪҲҪˣûѪ꣬Ҳ£лȥԱ߸СӣԺסǸƽƽĹһӡ
æסĻ˵ɲУǵط͹Ź֣ˣ֪жٻ˴ʱô˭ҲȥˣҪи̵ģôֽȵ취ţ϶ת
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ɻŰһŤ⼸ҲܹʹЩˡû뵽һžʹˣƺ̷ֻ׼뿪һᣬԲûѷŸ
ӣⷿ仹ǺϴʱһЩɭˣȻ͸Ǽ䲼ֶǲģɲ֪ôģǻһѹָУԼ߽һլƵġ
ﵭɨһȦǶûзлɷټ̷֪᰾صȥˡҸոҪ뿪Ȼŵһɸζ̲סһµĸоüͷӣ˳ζԴͷ˹ȥתһȦŷǱﴫģ䱾Ϊ̷ᰲڼҵԵʣѾûˣҲû壬Ҳ֪ǲŵʳﶼѾˣŶǲסζ
ʵܲˣֻܱźȥţһ²Щм˻ͦ׵ģҷ˺ôľŽһС϶һʱǸζŨˣԼˣ֪˶һ˸ȱڣһԵĳ˳һ£ֻûӱջ͸оˡһʲôײϣһֱӴӱź¶һسžĿŷ֮䣬һ̲סʹһ£ֻ¶İضһֻѾ࣬ʼõ֣
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һԴлɷ磬߸˵ǿʦԴķڱĸϣ;ͺ̷ǰһϸͷ߷ʵʵһƵģ۾ţ߸˵ͱպϲµƤöƤϣĿҶһ𣬺ҲҪһӿɲǣűŤϣҷ·ܹǰ˲ĥ뺰Ǻ۾ƤϳѪҲֻԼ屻ĥţֽһһ㱻ڱ
̲ס˳æתͷȥڿֳɼʬ壬ҲЩŶж仰ҲҪҸŪšЩ˵еؿζˣŲ˭лɷܹڻҲãʱҲͬϣܸɸɴģٳһЩĥ
ֻ뵽һУ̷ܶģЩܣ˰죬뿪طĴ㡣
ǸҪ뿪Ȼﴫžһ죬ᣬǳһܹһΪĬһ£̽ԵĺһþûӦ
ƶȥͣſڣͷ濴һۣʲô˶ûУֻ¯ϣһڹյ÷ǳңƺܹͣŵζǰ˵Щ̷Сʱ飬̲סԲ棬Ѳըģлɷʬ壿
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ҿЩ֣̲סֽʯͷʵڲ̷Щʲô˼ûѹ΢ЩҡΣֻͣ˻𣬴ӱһ鲼̽ƵĽϵĺ첼ƿһֻۣ¶һС϶Ȼ洫һĽһ䡣
ұͻһһֱӾͰڣŪˣͶʱ˽ȥһʱӲࡣͺҽһҴûֻﾪɲѣæһ䣬˵˭⣡
ҵʻǰʱȻ΢΢Щţһʹһ䣬˵˭̷԰ɣ
û˵ĻҲûֻͣʹǿ˵̷ҷų˵ʲôҶġ
ҳǱʬ忴һֿۣ͹ĹڣĴǵһ䣬˵лɷ磿
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֪лɷΣԣҲóȻȥֻǿһ£װ˵ȻشҼ⣬ҿھﲻ㡣
֪һﾹȻּۻۣȷҳ֪ʲôҶ㣡
Цһѹڹڣϵʯͷ˵ҪԸ⣬ˡ
һ䣬׼ʯͷ·ϣлɷһ¾ͼˣæҺһ䣬˵ʣʲôԣʵܲˣ
һЦ￼һ¸ĸ⣬лɷߴԽԽʹ࣬ʲôʱӶľӳģ
붼û룬ֱӸңʱְָʱôһʱûл
룬˵ģӦþ֣ҰְŵǶӣʵڶԲϣǱҰȥĹ޳ǻҵʱлɷǳյӶľ׵˳
ϸϸһ룬־òԣҰ뿪϶ᱻǵЩ˷֣;ô˳лɷ˵ʵûôӣӵЩˣʵѾûˣ̷᰺ܹ߸ˣ̷лҶЩ̵ģֻԽԽ٣ǰһ㵽;ǳе飬Ȼڱ˵Ұְ֣϶Ӳǵ׷ɱ
һ⻰˱ʱ̷ָ̾лҴǰĴ壬ڣѾûòˡһߣŵľֻһˣͼӵЩ˼ҲƣƺҲ˶ǳϡٵһ塣
лɷ翴Ҳæڹﺰһ䣬˵̷룬ϿҴ͹Ūߣ̷СӻҿɾͲˡ
ƤЦⲻЦöжĥûжֻ֣˵̷ᰵȥˣ
лɷſǻͰļ˵̷ȥǸɱȥˣʬ壬ʣµЩҳһ򾡣


222 
΢΢һû뵽⼸˲£̷Ѿˡףû˼Щӵû׼ԭ಻סж
ЩżȻ̷һɱϾֻһˣһЩ᲻ʲô⣬Ѱ˼ҪҪҰְ˵һ£ϾЩˣҲһû͸һ룬̷ᰵ˵̷ʲô
һ£оͺƵģѾվڳſˣ·ʱһҲûУ֪ʲôʱġ
ңֿǱҴ͹ĹڣʱüͷǸӽڣˣúֽʯͷѹ棬мһлɷһҽУ˵Ұ΢΢ЩΣͺðȻ˼ﱻ˷һЩû˵һ仰
ŪһУһתͷң˵еûҲˣжһٵģЩ飡
ҺٺЦһ˵ԽԽˣ۾ǰֺĵӣֻ˺̺ۣܶҲö˵ʲôֻŲӳ⿴һۣŹţ˱ﱻ֫⣬ûĶ̲סһ䣬˵ȥҵʬأ
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ϵЦʱˣʬһֱץҵСôͻȻɣҾЩŹ֣˵Ѳɱлɷˣ߻Ƥǡ
̷üҡҡͷ˵ȥʱѾˣƤǸͲںʬ壬лɷԼҲģȥһֲˣĳʲô״ͼææĸϻˡ
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̷֪ᰲû˿ȵĵطֻмиɺϵĵط㲻֪Ҳлɷĵط
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̷бң˵̷û뵽лɷ֣лǽйģҴСһ𳤴ѵ֣Ǿûлɣ
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һ£˵ҲǴϴɱԺŷ顣ΪҺֵԵʣԺʧˣӣҸƭ˻ȥĥҵʱһʱ󣬲ű¶ԼݣǸʱףʵ걻Сĸ͹ĲˣԼĺӡ
⻰ֻ﷢һʱҲ׹̷˵ԭȫһè̫ӵ˵ľѾˣʵһκ˻ϵݣӹһ˵׷ɱһƽƽʮ꣬ײͱһ˵Ƕֲ顣ǸԼŵһɿݡ
Ҳ˵ѵϣ
̷Ŀת͹½ȼųһ˵Щ飬֪Ĳ࣬Ϊҵж϶ǺһģֵҲҳɫö࣬ʲô飬Щ϶ֱӸҡҵƲ⣬ӦþԭֻʣһˣҪˣѪܾ͵˱Щ϶Ϊ˻Ѫ꣬ҪҲ˵ѪˣҲˣֱɱʡԺ鷳лɷȻҪװһӦӣ͵ðǰķԸŲᱻ˻ɡ
ҳĬһ£Щͺѹһʯͷһе㲻滺һ£ſ˵Ǹݱ¶ˣҵӣ͵ڰԼһᱻ׷ɱλ
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üͷ˵ǻƤҲһġ
̷ҡҡͷ˵ⲻͬƤô񣬵ǹˣϾǸˣǺܴġѡ㣬ǿߵ밡ôˣǿΪ˱˴˻ȥģһ㱣ϣͻƤҲ֣׷ɱԼЩҲܹסЩ׷ɱˡʱСлɷ罻ҵ񣬾ҺúÿŲӳҲܶ㣬ĿľΪ˰ȡ֮
˼˵ãˣҲӲˣҪôʰҪȥЩ˵飬ɵôӳ飬֪ǶǺǵļһ
̷һ࣬ʱ˵ЩףԲ뿿ʬ壬ʣµļ˸ŪϾףԼѡ˵Ҿ͵ˡ
ҸȰ˵ڶĲ֪⻰û˵ڣȻ⴫һЩϵŮ˵һ䣬ǰԼѷһҪãǼϼһû׼Сӵĵ
Һ̷ͬʱһԱҺȻö࣬һ¾Ͱˣæܳ˳ҲæȥͿһͷȫ׵ŮˣɳϣǰǾѾòӣϲŵлɷʬ壡
Ůһ˫۾ǣͺһͷԼϻЦһ˵̷ᰣ泤˲ٰ㸸ĸʱҪǻ뵽û׼ʹһȥ˰ɡ
̷᰽ȭͷעŮˣӽŵЩҲ˵Ĵյ̷һ䣬˵˭
̷᰻ûشҵĻͱŮ˸ˣһֽۣĿǰʬϣ˵лɷ裡


223 ɱ
Ůͷİ׷ͣƲʮ꣬˸Ҹоûо̫̫оĿЩӲ˵ӣͺľżһ塣
̷ƺǳʼձһַǳŵ״̬ſ˵ЩͺͻȻ˵ֲƵġŬһ䣬˵ôģ
лɷĸ۾һգգȻЦһ˵Ҳ֪ǰҶӸˣ˵ȫûǵϢ֪ȥǣͻȻӵһ·ңŮ˴ĵ绰ȻǶڹأ
Ȼû뵽ǻƤѲһҪ赶ɱˡŮ˵ҲոյﲻãûҺ̷֮ǰ̸̷᰺Ҫһ㣬ææ˵˲ĶӣֻһһģһĿܶѡ
˭֪Ļû˵꣬Ů˶ʱŭһ䣬ĻֱӴϣ˵㲻ýƱˣǿģû˱Ҹ˽Լĺӡ֮ǰĵ绰Ǹ·ңŮҲ˵úˣɱҶӣĻ꣬Ϊһ˵̷ܹᰣ˵ףͳɷҲһ𳤴ģ㵹Ǻݵģֻһ涼
ۿ̷ɫˣ֪Ƥȷҧһڣ˺лɷĹϵ϶ʶԭǣҲ˵жı£ڶֵĻҹֻһȻ󲨣һ£˵Ǹ绰ŮˣǻƤĻҲ
Цһ䣬˵ŲţͲǹˣ죬ЩʲôˣҲ̽ˣ׼ɡ
˵ţֳҿһۣ˵̷ѪϣҪԼã͹
ۿ˵ûʲôˣϵļЦҲ˵Ϊһֱڹ۲ҵһһأڿʹˣܶҲΪˣѪڲϣ㶼ò
ˢһվ߽һǰţ˵ӣǲԸˣ
̷ҵΣźһĿһֱͣŮϣֱڱ󣬳ָָָλãһʼûӦžͿŮָϣһ̵ĽָҲֱ治ʲôģ̷ⷴӦƺڸǶǸؼֻ壬Ҳܳȥ
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ۿֱ仯ľϤ㲻̷˵Ҳ֪ⶫǷǰǶ˵ⶫҪԸףҲѣҪʲôﳣ겻𣬿ڹۣȥֶ
̷᰿ЩڵϲӿͷԽԽšЩͷת۾Ͳǰĵ棬ǵڵϵĶҲУƤۿǸ취ϵֱۣӴӶͳл壬ָǰŮˡ
ɫԵıһ£³һ䣬˵ôл壿Ȼ֪Ǵģ㲻޳ӲΪŵң
ҺٺЦһ˵ǲŻ㣬㿴ˡ
һһ䣬ֱӽ峯ԼԴһңӶʱһƮƮĸоһѾˡֽʹĸоʱʧվ̷᰺Լְ֮ɫϻһƬҰףҶԺڰ޳֮ı仯Ѿûôˣһֻ֣ҪЧ㹻ˡ
лɷ׾ȵĻˣŵϴһ˫۾ңͲۿˡЩͷƺܹܵϵϢһ£ͺȥƵģ͵ľͳźһˣϵϸϸһ˳Ů˵ĽȥϵĽָ
ģ̷֮ǰӸӿЦֻЦ޳ݣһ治ϣô֪ܾñ˿־µĿ⣬ҸоЩȻ̷Ե÷ǳˣһ¾ͷִ࣬ӱһóһӣŮЦЦ˵ڱһ㣬ҿɲϣֳʲôͻ
£ͳŮ˹ȥľګվԭأɫúҪγˮƵģ̷һס֣Ҳûֻһ˫۾ƫеĵңƺҪҸҧһ
ûã̷᰾ѾֽתͷЦһЦ˵̷ϣѾˣҲµġ
һŽлȻصԼӲܼˣҵͦԸⱣ״̬ģϾֽܲϵʹоͻࡣ
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Ůûκα飬лɷ֣תͷ̷һ̷ۣһ㲻۾ЦЦģ̧žͳǰлɷʬݺһߣŮ˶ͷһ±ſھҪҲ֪Ϊʲô̷ܾЩС˵־ĸоҲϾǰŵˣҪģߵһҲû·ˡ
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ұΪ⻰Ӧûԥһ£ǻе㶯ҡģû뵽ĬĬһᣬȻһЦ˵̷ǲǺܵ⣬ȷʵûϵ޳⣬鲻̫ˣȥڿԼǲǻ
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224 ѵ
ȫѪһֽذϣ۾ţĹѾˡҿϵĶˣһ룬Ȼź󣬽ʬ峯źһϣת۾ʧǰķ϶
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һڿҰʬĳûعǵѾؿˣǵȽ֡žĴһ£˳ʹæȥݺݵĵǣţҾ̷һ䣬˵˻ȥ
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лɷ裬һһ߽ߣ˿ңһ˵̷û°ɣ
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ͺͷɨһۣȻЦһ˵̷ᰣ㵽еӣҺǶ֡
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һȥǶҿ˹һ¾ˣ˵̷һ˯ͱ͵ϮˣǺ
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һƣصĽţҲ˵ˣǵƵлɷ豳󣬺񱨳һģźԾһȣһҶһʲôҲûһƵҺŶ´Ĵָ
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Ѫ̲꣬סЦˣ˵ֶǴҪ˵Ѫ겻ϣڣҲܽǣ
˭֪һ⻰Цĸˣ˵̷ƭ˭أûѪɻ˶೤ʱ䣬㵱ǶСƭôš
˵ţԱʹ˸ɫһѾץסͷŵҲѧ̷ᰵӣĲ֮ϣתͷһۣ˵զһ£ˣſ˵ʵ
ҿЩѾɥĲĵزˣ˵̷ᰣңҲ϶ܲ˺һѾ˼׼žлɷ躰һ䣬˵Ǳ޳
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˵ĳ࣬лɷǰЩƣֻǸһЩлɷһۣ˵ǶӶˣھģ˭Լܻܲ̷ᰣѵʲôˣ
ɻĳһۣʲôѵ
̷ɫֳ˵ǾϻЩˣСǱô̵ģĿģֶΣҪʱԻȥ
һĭЩ֣ʵ벻ʲô취һȺҪ˰֣Ȼмᣬţ˵ЩʲôǶԸǵĻֻԸԼжϵĶ
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ţҾһȣЩ鸡˵ǣĪҪ䲻ɣ
˶һ㶣һ룬ҾͿ˱ڵӰǰӣȻǹ鲻գҰְҲ˵ʱĹѨ˱˵úأһֱڹڣ֮ǰǶʱ䣬ûֹڿûָǰ״̬
ͺͷΪʲô˳ˣϸư˱һۣʱЦ˵ҵʲôĹ֣ӣҲǲ֪ʲôš
˱ɫ£˿û¶µ˼ֻǳһ䣬˵ȣǺ֮ϳҷ˵
ͺͷЦͣ˵Цأڣܼ̷лңϿǴ󻧣Ტ۵ġ
˱ЦˣҲЦˣ˵Ŀǳĺã治֪ˡͺͷ˿Цӣһ㶣ʲôЦģ
˱ɫĿǣͻȻˣ˵ȣ̷лۺˣ֪֮ȴͳѪע⣬ЦЦ
ͺͷһ£ͬҲסˣȫװ˱⻰ʲô˼˵Щ˲̷лҵķ֧Ҵӵ˵ĺ
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ڳɫһ±ˣ㿴ңҿģƺ˵һ㣬ͺͷŰ˱ڣһ䣬˵㵽ʲôˣ
˱ûǳ߽һ˵̷ɼǵãһҹŵ£


225 ƶ
ľګĵ˵ͷ벻ףʱ򣬰˱Ϊʲô֪һֱڱƺȫڵֻ˵ʶã飬Ҳδ˵ֻҹӶɱЩ˵顣ʵϣһУǷ
ҲǲҪʲôɽž˵ձģǸӵˣЩʱػѪ꣬ҿлһ֧ˡǲǵˣ
һͬСɣ˱˼˵׽һ嶼ɱˣѪ꣬ȡ֮Լһݣѹ˵ǰЩˣֻеūͣݱˣˣͳ˿ȱ˱ھȥ
Ұְ֣лǣԭӦü̳еģ̷ˣΪ˱һһб㶼ˡ
ֻϢЩһʱЩӦȫ˱ڵʱ⡣ƺЩʲôЦһ˵̷ʱ̷лѾûĲӣ֮ԽԽ٣ȴ÷ֳȥЩ˵ĹһֱЩлʲô塣ǰͺƸƷһ㣬ΪǶڵġԹҲкޡֱ㷢ĹѨ˾ҪʲôʱҲʶҵ֮£ȴһ٣Ҹ˺һѡĻᡣ
ҺȻʱлɷнҾȳʱ򣬰˱ǸҸоĪ̾Ϣʱûб¶ЩӣһԾӡֻǸʱҲЩ̾˵Щӵˣˣ˲˵ͷûСڲ⻰˼ΪԲܸͬܡ
ҲǴ˿̣ҲҰְ֮ǰָ⣬˵ԼΪˣȴȫ﾿ҪЩʲôģһжͰ˱йϵΪһ֮һˣ֧ˣ油˽ȥֻЩƽӵʱ˽飬ȷе£Ƕһ֪
˱û˿εɫֻ˵ҵվͺ̷һ㣬Ҫֻʱ򣬻ŵҲԶڶö࣬һЩԴϢĻᡣֻǲԽԽΪҵĹϵҲʢľֻҵֶˣվҲҪȥΪ˸һգұâڱվɲ
Ҿȵ˵ΪǸ֧˶ɱˣֳҶ䵱ӵЩˣ
˱ĵ˵ͷ˵һŵʱ涼շЩվ֤⴫˲֪õܣֻһ˲һٵлһУԲżǸʱֻһ壬ѷɫˣο⸽ӹ֮ҴȡǣҪ֤ĸã
ҺȻ˱˵Щڱ۵һֱһᡣͺһףӣСʲôҪȴ㣬ڸУͺѡ˼̳һСԶֻǸʱɷı̥ѡȨǶǴֻǻԼҲͬܡ˱ڵ·֤ԼһһֻҪȥĹѨʱףʵһ֧˶ҪΪɵˣֻʬڶľµ˶ѡ
˵˱ȻЦЦתͷͺͷˣ˵ʱһֱڹ۲̷ᰵĺһκ¶һ𣬱ǰй۲˳һ£Щ˵ֻȴҲǰһ޶ܻȦӳҲظҵ飬ѪռΪС
ͺһĭȻ˱˵Ĳϸˣֻǿ˵ʲôǣô˵ĺ
˱ںٺЦһ˵ҲδضˣЩŵҲвٲУҪԶܹٲĵطݣҲңȡգ̷лҵѡԴĿ飬Ҫģǵɱ飬ֻҪɵĺãȻסһǡ
ͺͷ˲мЦһ˵˵ǿЦô˵Ҳ̷лҵˣһʱĶݣѵҪӵСʱ򣬸̵ЩأҲû¡
Ҿ˵Ļûеǵ̷ҵˣһ˵ĺӦô̲ס˱ڿ˹ȥҪôش
˱ЦЦŲæͺǰ˶һ㣬ߵߣֽʣ˵ĪȻ𸴡
£Ȼߵ̷ߣֽʵϣ˵˼仰̷ɻĿһۣͷӦһ䣬ȻлɷſˣűֽдҸ˵飬ŲҪ̷дЩʲô˱ھҵԴ˵
ո£̷᰾ͽֽ˻ǵݸ˱ڣǵݸҡҲĽ˹չһд̷֣գлաƺǶӦһ֮⣬ʲôҲûˡ
ɻĿ˰˱һۣЦƽͣƺ治ڵΣ״ֻЦŴսңҶ˵մѪͿһϡ
˵ֱӣͺͷЦһ˵㿴ţڸǸԵʣ
Ҳ֪ôʲôãԾȥĨһɴѪҺȻͿֽϣֽһ仯ûвŪҸĪɰ˱ͺͷˣȻ˵һ䣬ԭίڿˣ
ͺͷ˾ͺһûгֻǡ΢΢һᣬǱģɻϸһ˾Ȼ۾գˣؿҲͽȻͣŷ֣֪ʲôʱ˾Ȼˣ
˱ڵЦţߵͺͷ˵ߣ˵ȻˣǱ°ɡ
һ䣬һƣͺͷ˾ͺһɽƵģءһڵϣǰǸɻı顣鷢̫̫죬ΧһʱûӦãлɷȻһŽǵ˼˻һߣǸŵ̷᰽лһ»ˣŵָŰ˱ڣִεոʲô
˱һ㵭ֻ֣˵ҲδЩʲôһѡ϶˹ƣǵĹѪ̷֮ˣܿƶҪǵϾԽ޴飬ҵѾһΣҲѱ֮ڶΣܵ¸ֶΣһգ̷汻ȡˣǵҴһٽȸĻᣡ


226 ź
˱⻰˵ٴ죬ǰͺͷ˵νһڳˣǽлˣŵֶƲסĶβŻһ䣬㣡˵˺ݶĹƣҪһ˵
˱תվԱߣɫ䣬һִҼϣֻ˼֣ڰʾʲôһ㣬һı飬ȴûпңֻĵ˹һ֮˵Ѫɣ˵ƶҪǵ˵Щ֮˵ԹƶһʱҲ¡ʱҲ֮з֮˴ڣǰ̷һͬȥĹ֮ʱҿɫ԰׿ʬ壬òʹǰ¾ʾ֮ͨ飬ѵǵصĺܺá
̷΢΢һ£ͷŰ˱ڣ˵ǸʱѵйҪɱҵͷ
˱ڵһЦ˵ɱ벻ɱȫһ֮䣬ֻŪЩӲûʲôϣҲ֣
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һŵһݵļӣһжıˣлɷһУֽŷһڵϣŵôģƿںһУЩŷ֣ûֽϣһ̷ġ
˱ǸŮˣûб飬˰Σųһ䣬˵ɻҪԣ㶯ֿЩͿѪҪһЩ
عͷ˰˱һۣҳһڣͷϵİ׷ѾҲˡ˱ڼѾû˶־ų̷˵һ䣬ҽߣԼ
̷ᰵɫʮָӣûйľҲû취飬ֻ룬ٻЩĲŶԣε飬һմˣȻЩգҲͬЩ·תĳ죬ѹĿڵӣӦþʹжˡ
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£ͳҷ˹ȥҲ֪ҪЩʲôҲΥ㳯ǿһָָۣϵĹڣƨƨߵθŰ˱ȥˡ
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ҲΪʲôͻȻָ̾ǿԼһְźõˣֱԼһָЩдҼǵϼҵһοʱ˵ܱᣬҵ㣬Ĺ
룬̲ס˵ղʱ㲻˵õΪһѡĻᣬûһ
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˱¶ɫ˵ĪԻ㣬ֻѪ겻ڳ̫Զ಻㡣Ҷ߾ȫֻ֮ǰ㻹ҪӦһ飡
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˱΢΢Ĭһ£ٶȽĿ⣬һȭͷ˵̷ңһս˰ɣҲǣֲҵδź


227 ı
˵սָʲô˼ͺҰ裬̷һҲ˵뿴ңǷŶԿľЩ˵ֻڣһɱǵķ
ͷ֪ôģӦȴ˵ͺǺԼһʱŵˣͻҪӱһ˱ƺҵ˼˵ҲǴĹģĻǣȥһ棬ȥˣ֣ܲȻͻн֮
תͷҵĴͷȥĹڣǻԺ󣬾һֱ棬жŪķģֹѳڹӱˣǹڣббĵڵȴʲôһ㡣
ҡֽУֱĳĸоҪϵĺֽҿȴ˱סˣ˵ˣļɲ⣬֪Щʲôãȥֽס㡣ȥ
ҵͷˣͺһḻһŷǳϢǴҪСģ֪ܵʲô˺ҴӶͳл壬ûڶ˵ʲôԴһ¡źͰ˱ڶһۣܿתͷȥֻǱ֣ȥɡ
ҿ˿Ǳұ廳Ĺӣһ£ѧŵӣ޿ֹȥһұ㷢ֹһƺֻлǲܸܵõ΢΢ЩʵĸоԼͷһͿԼƱ˽ȥţ塣
ҵһνڣ棬ӸоƮƮģ֪ǲʲôϡҸոס壬Ӻ洫˵ֻѾˡ
һͷһڣһƬûйĿվɫ࣬üһֹĹŴ磬á
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ȵġŶһ˵ҿˣϴǽ
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мЦһ߽˵̷㣬Ӧҵ飬ˣ
ɻüͷ˵ҴӦʲôˣ
ĿһۣЦЦͬɲڣģ˵Ҹ㣬ҪһУڴڣҿʲôȥ
Ҳϻֻ˵㲻齲ô
һЦ˵Ҳ֪ûңԼһĪչ԰ɣϧⰵյĵطʵû˵Ȥ
һӣ⻰˵Ĳûǰ飬ȷʵûб˽⡣ӣһ£˵Ȱһж˵ˣֻҪûҿǿǣû׼ȥ
һϲ˵⻰棿
ҵͷ棡
ϲЦտ˵Ȼʰɡ
룬˵Ҳ֪ŶԣͽϴĹ￴˵
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ЦЦ˵µˣû׼ֻԼ˼ʮôɵǳԺ󣬾ͻῴǧı仯̷ҿڴһĵ
ұһΡб۴һ£û˵ģּ
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ʱѾ֮ǰ¶ľ׵ͬˣڶľ¿ľ󣬿Ǵ۽磬Ѫ꣬ӾԼ̷ĻûʶԼ죬
˵Ȼһ£˵̷鷢ĵ̷ϣɱһūĹлͣˮḶֶ́ľɽٳõ壬޽˹¥ǸʱûлȨıӣЩ飬ɶвͨġ
⻰ףʱȨˣ˻ʵۣûˣ鵽󣬽ȴ˵ϡоͺʵ۸˴Ͷʣûջռֳɹˣȴ̷лҡ
ЦЦ˵˵̷лҵϣ˵а취Ȼܳ»ص˭ˣ˭ϣֺԼͷϣҹҼһΪʵ£ڴԼ̣ռȵ
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۷Ź⣬˵Ѫǹؼ̷лһʲôķʽ֣Ĺҵʱ򣬾Ѿ˵úˡми⣬Ҹݣǧˣ˵ͬʱȥӣջۣǺʬԽԽὫ޳ҪһطܹǵĻǺʬһע⡣
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һʯŵ΢΢ЩԾȻǲʯźʲôȴĪҾʯ֮󣬻Щ޴ȥĹεһ鴦뵽·ңǲҲϣʯŴ򿪣Ǹ磿
ûע⵽εӣɼɵסѪ껹УǾۼڶľ£Ҳ޳۾Ҫ취ҵһ޳Уֲţ޳һִ޳ûи飬ǰչذ£Ǳã˴ۼ꣬ѾһڴˣЩͲҪˣ


228 ڰ
ףľµ޳ֻһεĿܶѣԾɲ⣬޳ŵʱΪʲôܹһյĥң·ͷִݲ£һҪԲȻƴĳ嶯
ɻ飬û̻شıȻˣǸмеӣǺȻĮ۾ĹâһһӲڿҡ
һ˲䣬һ㱾ʲôһ㣬˺ܾãźȻ̾һ룬عͷʱ򣬺ȻǿװһЦ˵ǿװΪܹЦݷǳȻҪʲôƵġ
һ£˵ңĻĵҲȥѰΪãܲһ˳ģżҲӣһ׺ݵŪҴֲЩͻˡǸʱһˣΪİҲ˼Ļᡣ
Ȼף˵ǸˣȻǶľǱ޳ˡЩ˵ö赭д֪Ϊʲôʼվһֱ˵Ļ¶
ûɻı飬Ǽ
޳ŵʱǸŮˣûǲʱ¶ǳǳЦ⣬˵ģ㲻˹ɫҲˡʱǸ˼ڹϵˣͺħһĳԡû뵽ԼҪȵһ졣ǸŮˣǺ棬Ǽʡ
Ժһֱβ󣬱ȥ͸ڵĻ˵ͺ̬ٿһʱվˣ֣ŮҲͬһ޶ÿÿʱĿε䡣ֹŹֵľֹĺĸǿ
֮ʼӽǸŮˣΪǰйһ֮ԵĹϵ˶Ȼ㲻׽Ҳų⡣ɽģŷ֮䣬˴δйָоǿ̸еĹ̸֣Լ߹ÿһУָо˴δġ
˾ӳʶ˽⣬ںӰ룬ȥģ͸ġ뿪Ҳһͬ뿪Ҳ˵ʲôʱ򣬾֮Բֱ˴ˣѾϰһӣǰֶƯʱ⣬˼˭ҲԸȥܡ
оͺŹ찮õߵһƵģǵΪԭϾȫȻͬɾˣڤڤкһ
˵ҴûмĸŮܹ·ûһ˵ҲãҲǿɱҲաϱ˴ˣңͺ׻˵ģԵ֡
Ҳ֪ΪʲôЩҪ֪ص㣬˵ʱȴеԵĸоԼԵһȲҪ֪淢顣ΪҲ뵽һݽһˣҲͨϲŭֵһ档
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˵Ǹʱ㻹֪ȢŵŮˣ޳ݣ
ĿĬڣޱߵĺڰβЦһ˵֪ô֪ҸٵʱѾĵطʵԶԶûҵı£ңҲֻɺϡЩµģֻел塣ֻҺһƫƫ֪ⷽ棬ҷǳʧɻ޷˵ݽȥ
ֱĿ⣬˵󣬻ɱ
΢΢һ۾ĸоʱɢֱñҵ۾˵һɱ
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Ȼң˵̷ԼҲҪ飿һĵ׵ˣΪĿ꣬ľ
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ͺĻһ£ȷʵڵţһͨˣڹǰһͻһǿûи飬εĹûйޣ˻ûȣӵиĶû˭վ˭֮ϡ
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һ֮ǰ飬ͺһ΢Ĭһᣬ̲סһ䣬˵ôģ
һ£ҵ۾΢¶ֵ⣬˶٣俪ڣһ䣬˵㣬ʲôϵ
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ڣҪӹڣȥĻҲ˵ˣҲû˼ںȥҪӹڣȥȻڱһ˵̷֪޳Ϊʲôкڰ֣֮
ͷԾɱңֻĵ޳ɹ¹޳ɱΪǻŵʱܵӰ첻ͬʱԹ޺Ϊסܾ裬ĴԹΪڣҪףͲôģ
ҿıӰܳʱ䣬ʵˣƽʱûбŰɱͷǰףұ·ңĥʱֻٶȱ𣬼Ϊڡ˵ľ޳ǰ˼µĥȥ֮ǰɫģǲ˵Ůʱʵͺ֮ǰҵһǲΪ˰ĵ׵ˣĿ꣬Լľ򡭡


229 
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ҺȻ䣬飬һȤĶûˣΪһʼҾѾµ˴𰸣Ǻڰ޳۵ֻǼĲ²ѡԼĺͼΰҵҪıһУֻǰ˼ѡû̷лҵˣҲϣԼΪľ»˵һԱ
ԭ򵥵Щ͸ֻΪиŵˣΪˣɵΪ˻Թɵ޳ʶԼһĴ
ҲḶֻ֪́ˣû̷лȥľ£Ϊ޳Ѿû˸顣ѡǸĥĹѨڷŵĹǻңͺо׻ͬѨ
治֪˶꣬ǰٻǧµʱ򣬾ܵŹǻҵķȥڵдĹҵʱϵû󣬲֪ʯź飬һοհ׺棬᲻йŮ˵Ҳ֪᲻ʱпºڵ֡
Ҳ֪ĹѨĹ֣ǲҲеμǻıͣɽ;βŵӣǲǻǰ·ţûǵĽ룬һֱȥ
뵽ҺȻԸˣ֪ΪʲôƺЩˣÿһβ׵¡öˣĻᷢͻЩѪϵһū
ұӲڿһһת뿪˹ڣ޼ʵĵطٶȻصҵķǹЩӦֻǰ˱Ѿˣȡ֮վڷˣҵĸס
Ƕְֵģڻվ￴ǸͱҴ󲻳٣ֽŽȫЦЩůůӣüۺҳ
ҵѾ˴ϣôţ˯һֻйڣıڻҰֿҳˣתͷЦЦҿӣ΢΢Щ͸ƺ֮ǰЩܹٵĥƺûҸڣͷ
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΢΢˵ͷصȥȴҰָסˡҲɻĿһۣЦЦ˵С㿴ӣô
չӣҲЦһ˵ƮƮģо̤ʵ
ͷ˵ģϣ̲ס˵ĸоԱȣֲ̤ʵĸоһֱ㣬ԽԽǣҪҳһʺԼĵط
˵Ҳĥеһ֣
ġһȻЦЦ˵ԺܶϣܸԼҸޡ˵ҵڶľ棬ǰ΢Щ˽⣬Ȼ࣬Щ˽ӴҲܴ̽Ϣ
ʣ޳ǻҵ飬ҲǸʱ֪İɡ
ûб粵ֻƵģ˵ǿ֪ĹѨĴڣףͶľ֮µһУźܴϵǵһȥңҪЩʲôͺһֻܹõһЩõֻҲû뵽Ҫľܹõ
Ұڶľµ˵˹޳飬˵ڶȥѰҵͷ˵ǻĶûκۣ޳ϣѹ޳ķӡͻ߽⣬һҪõֶصľ£⿪޳еһУҲͽˣɿԹǰͨͨϧĹѨ﷢һУϣ׻ˡ
˵΢ЩпƺЩΣ˵һûڷæˡ
˵ߵһҲǱ˰ģҪֻһˣ֪˶ٴˡ
ҰֵЦһЦݺֹܿסˣƺл˵˺ܾòſҵ˱˵ѾȥЩˣ
ҵͷ˵Ȼе鷳ҪһѪ꣬ľµʯŴ򿪣Ļ˶ҵڻ֪ôԸǡ
ҰҼһ£˵ѶԸģ㿴ҾˣΣһ磬ǾͰˡֻʣ»ǣ͸öԸˡ
Ұ⻰˵赭д֪鵽һѾزͷˣҲȰҷֻҴѡЩ飬ҲףǼˣĹƴǰһ;֪᲻ʲôʣҪǶӶľǲһӵļɱǶ˵練ơ
ţɻüͷ˵԰лЩײ￴ʬ壬ˣܽǸξӦѾʧ˲Ŷԣʬ壬Ѿ޳Ŀɥɷĩˡ
ҰֵһЦ˵ûУָĶʮ˿ڹײĵĻŵģҵʬ塣Ƕʮ˿ڹײģͺһһʬ壬Ǿͻ涪һߵľоͺðǴ򹤺ܳʱ䣬ʸһ赱ʱ˶ߣֹأƺֻ˿ģҵʬŽ˶ľףɽһ߸õģĹײС֮⣬ҲûҪװʲô
һȻҵʱʬ嶼ѾõĲˣҲֱ治˭ȷʵҲôõ˼Ҫǰģԭʲôġﻹ̲סġ
ҰƺҵǣЦһ˵СûõģѾûˣҪ»ҪضľȥһˣѾûͷˣλȥͰ򣬸㵱Ӧ
ûӦ̲סһɽţͺը˸һæҰ˵Ҫȥˣǳɹ㲻һŶľµ˵ù
ҰֵȻҡҡͷ˵ҶѾˣûʲôùˣǱͲӦڼģӣѾˡҪɹˣҲǣ޳һҸȥĵطѡû׼ܼ衭
Ҳ֪˵ʲôãû뵽ôѡǾ仰ǶԵģʲô飬ҪһĴۡ
ĪһᣬұһˣԺҰְˣֻصԭӣͺ״̬ʱģܲζ
ʱ򣬺Ȼ÷ţ̽ͷüͷһۣ˵̷㡣
ֵúܣǵ˻ѾˣĻ˻ңֻǿǱ飬ƺЩԥҲ֪ʲôԭ򣬵Ҳܾ̬ȥˣֻȻصԼȥ
۾ʱ򣬵Ѿˣ֪ҪƵģЦĸŪΡҼѵȥɳһûʲôˣãȻһۣ˦ָָţ˵أûýȫŪʲôףλǵԼȥţһվŵˣҶʱסˡ
СĿתңЦһ˵̷һˡ


230 ǰ
СЩִ٣ƺ֪ԼĵܵôĶԴϻǴǰ·ѾЩƾˣҲ˺ܶ࣬ҲǺоֻǲܱôЩ飬֮䣬뿪ԺҲܵٵİŸִٵЦЦӦһ˵ˡ
εͷңҿԽȥ
æʹɫóţСһ£˽ɳϣֻ̧ͷһۣһ仰û˵ԭֵģͻȻҲҧԼ죬βž֣˵þòš
СЦЦû˵ʲôƺҪ£ָľվɳԱûжЩҿͺһ̫õˣͻȻԼ˺ﶼǳӦһæЦЦ죬ŲһλãкС¡
ұȺ׼䣬û⿪΢΢ЩεգСȴȻԼеİͳһڣڶǰϣ˵ʱ·ϷֵģƺҪ߸ϣղǹ޳Ϣˡ
¶ɻı飬ֽǰĹڣ°ſһʲôãǳűϵĵŬŬ죬⣬ԴŹڣ˽ȥܿ˻嶡Ȼһ£ɸSΡ
üͷŵӣ˵ǡߣ
žž°ƣŶĴָСЦЦ˵ߵһ֣ѰζģҲ֪ǲãȰ
ջٵʱԼߵֻ꣬ǺҲ˲ַ˺ܶ飬ɾˡû˵ߵľ̫̫ͺթʬһЦƽʱûʲôӦͻȻôһ£ŪǶסˡ
̫̫һѽĹӸ˹ȥͺ񵽱ƵģЦһǣڳˣϵ飬а취ȥˡ
һ⻰һϲקž̫̫˵ģ裬зӣ
̫̫ͷ˵ԭΪⱲӶûָˣֻû뵽лһ죬ҾͰǵĻǷֿλ
˵̫̫а취Ҳ涡ģϵһֱǸȻٶֵĺôҲðűռΣաлⶫѹ־̫̫Ҳô
æվ˶һѣ˵ߣզȥ׼ҪĶϾͶ֡
һ䣬˾ʹҴææϣһĻûи˵ͺһŪʼ磬ʾԼΡ
СǵӣϻǷǳ˵ģЦЦתͷ˵һ䣬̷һ˵
ļʾôͷɫһ±ó˵֪Ƥʲôط
Һͬʱһ£æ˵ô֪ġ
Сû㱻ƤץߵʱҲڳ𡭡ģҲšԺҾ׷ƤȥˣҲҵм
ڵĸоͺϵڱһ˱ڶȥ˷ʱѰңǸʡ˲ʱ䣬Ͼʱղˡ
Ͳסļ֮飬еʻƤģ
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СҳĬ˼һ·˳ȥ̲סںһҵ֣һعæһ˵¶ľȥ
Сҡҡͷ˵Ҳֻ̫ǸĿĵأͼŻϢôˣȫ˵
̾˿֪ΪʲôȻеźĸоһƤս˵ĳͼ̲סЩϣָܹ췭ظ֪ڵ״Ҳھ͸Ϲȥһҵûã;̫̫ڼƻ⡣
û취ֻܷ˼С뿪֮飬һ¾˾˵˵˵ǻô¡
ұΪСҵһ𰸣ȴ֣СԼҲŪ˵̲סҼۣ΢΢ЩĵҵʱΪ޳˵ĻֻΪ˱ҵŷ֣νָʵ˵ˣ޳ʲôҲû׼ܹס
ʱЩȤҵǶ鲻ôģҸӹעģҴӶľ³ԺСȥ
֪ЦЦ˵ʱŪˣҳ֮ǰһ̷Ӷľ˳һֱΪң˺۵ģùšҡˣȻװҺӣС͵ļſڣֻڳϣ˵ЩС֮ǰΪԸԭĻСʵҲĻ³Ժ󣬾Ͷ뿪ˡ
˵ʱСϵˣӦлɷŶԣͺҰְ˵ģҪ»صײ˵̬ʱ䣬ҲǺϡֻһֱΪ;ʲô飬ûϵôһ硣
ʲôʱǸҡԾģСЦһ£˵һʼЩɵĵطȷ˵ûл塣ֻ˵ЩС˼Ūһʱ䣬ֱһ죬𣬾뿪طŹȥһûҲǸʱҡ
飬ʶҴӶľ»һ죬ʵС⸽һɻûüҴкȻͿ˺Ͷһлɷ硣Ҳû뵽Ȼǳ˰˱⣬緢ԵˡǸʱСԥҪŪ׾ʲô飬˾ߡ
ʱҲһ䣬˵ûл壬ܹꣿ
΢΢Цһ£¶һƣɫ˵ܵģǸʱǰ״̬ûжٲ꣬͵üһݣȥ˲ҩһȥҪǹĻû׼Ѿˡ֮ŷҩԺǲǶʱ䣬ҲﵽԼĿģߣ۲һȷҵݡ
û뵽ðôգȫԼЦС˵ɫҲ볡ƺûϡ
ֻǲ׹ôģС˵壬͵ҽԺſڣȻ˷ˣҽԺܲڴſڣ͸ϴθһ£ΪϵˣҲûʲôǮʱҽԺͺ׸һҽ֪ôźá
˵Ȼһ£̷㻹ǵԺڼŪ˸ƵʵǸʱ򣬳˯ˣûʲôҽ壬ͺһܵҽԺȥԼҽƷѡұ˵ģһ룬û׼ڰܰﵽһЩ¶ˣ˾ҲˡҲûǿŹǰʶһЩСĹ֣Ūһٵļ䣬ΪԼڼûţʱӦҲͦԺİɡ


231 
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Сĵͷ˵ҽԺ︶ǮҲչˣˣֻǻǲȥѲѡȿЩ鶼ˣŻȥ˳Ժ˵һ
һһʱ飬ﲻɸж˵ʲôлĻصļ򣬾ͺел⣬һ֮С
˵ڻ
Ĭ˺ܳʱ䣬û˵ƺﻹû⣬Ұְִ˳ǵĶԻЦһ˵ȻûطȥǾס°ɣӴúܣҲ࣬һˡ
ҲЦЦ˵ס£ǰסģڻסġֲˡ
Сǣ촽ҿʵѾĴ㣬ֻڣ۾΢΢Щ죬һ£Ųң˵𡭡
ЦЦ˵㷿أôӣ˶źá
ֳһ£صĵ˵ͷҿԸҲǳˣȥóԵģôһӵסһƺû۸ʲôġ컹ЩԸ⣬κܶҲʣˡСҪæҸסˣܾʱ򣬲ʲôֻҪžС
ȥҰֲЦǺǵԱȤζĿǣŪСЩ˼ҲŪҰʲôӣ뿪һ䣬ȻͿڳ˵СС˭͸һ㣿
Ҷ⻰ͷԣʵԼҲСͣתͷ˹ȥҲҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ԼꡭҲ֪Լʲôʱ
΢΢Щ죬£̲ס̾ϢһҰֻЦǺǵģС˵ɣҿ̷Ҳ࣬飬Ҳи뷨㿴ҪǲĻԺ׵ֵܣҪңԸСһҰְ֣˿ڵĻҲԡ
⻰СҲһ£ҾҰ⻰˵̫ͻȻˣþͺ˺һģСɶӣҲȸ˵һǡǺû˵ʱ˽˵ôͻȻŪôһ
Ұ̾Ϣһ˵СЩﶼˣȥˣЩҲסҾ룬ǲʲôԺúллȥƺʷ棬СҲ̫أҲûʲôö֪ôģһ;ãһҰɣЩԩ꣬ϣԼиޣƯ˶ʮ꣬û׼ҲϣиܹԼŷŵĵط
⻰ĵطͺ񱻴һƵģһ仰û˵
СҰְֵ飬˺ܳʱ䣬˿Ұְֿ֣˿ңԼʵνģֻǵĻش𡣼֪ôڣҰЦ˵̫ԸƵģ磬Ǹɣ
СæҡͷЩʵ˵ǲǣֻû뵽
˵Ȼͣסˣ۾Խĺ죬ˮתʹȤһ䣬˵ĥߴˣҼ㣬Ҫ϶ιñĲš˵ˣҪ硣
ǣЦһͷںݺݲһ۾ųҰְֵ˵ͷҰֶʱЦøˡ
һ˵ĴۻᣬҲ˵ôʱҴûôĹΧһӣ˱ںҰֵǲЩҲûһȱϯģ˵Цȵøˣܵ裬̷Цĺϲ£죬ֻо̫̫һˤֽġ󷹱㣬ǰںͣŪŴӰһƬĲӰ嵽мλãƬͺмһƵġ
Ұֿһ˽ˣʹСɶӵϢǶ˵þˣ˱Ͳ˵ʲôҲҪŪʽǾǿͷģһãСǱڵòᣬĩˣȻиһ˵С־ͽ޳ǼҵˣҲҪ̷ҰְҧĽⷽûʲô츳ģҵҲүүȡġԺû취ֻ̰˱ڡ
ͷһᣬȻתͷС˵̷ɺã
էһΪںң˱ͳҡҡͷ˵˕Ǳ֣Ϊ⣬֣Ԣ
˼Ǻܺõģ½װ˸ŪˣǶ˵ҲŲܸʲôأҽ̷ǽ㣬Сǽ̷һ˵ţһ滹ֹСһ£˵Ҳ⣬԰ɣ
СǺЦţ֪ΪǰЩԵʣ˽ԼʲôֻͻȻô֣ͬҲܸˣǸ˱ڿ˸ͷ
һ󣬵ȿ쵽ҹʱ򣬲ͣ۵òˣҲҪŪֻ飬ͣЩұΪһ鶼ԺǻظЦֵӣֻû뵽ܾԺһȻ̲סЩᣬΪһΣǵһΣҲΨһһΡ
ûʰĶ̫̫ʱˣʹŶ̨ȥ׼ｫߵĻǸߵʱ򣬻кһ˵Ҫл彫ߵĻȸұһȥΪȽŲ㣬л彻С͡
Ҳ֪¥ҪЩʲôֻڴߣܹ˳˳һУתͷϿһۣҲŷֽҹģƶܺ񣬿ƺֽ˺ܶ࣬ӣò˶þͻҲ˵
Ҳ֪ôģĪľͷ֪ô˶೤ʱ䣬ǵڱһѣҲžѹ㱼仹˴һƬ߰ܽ¥Ҳ֪һŲЩ١
ĪֲУǰֵֻ˵ﲻԾ̲ס˵һ䣬ȥǽе˳˳ֲ̫ף˾Ҷ˼ɵӰ飬˸Ľڡ
˵ͷתȥˡҿʧԼǰӣûЩˡŴ紵Ұڣ̲סȥѴϣû뵽Ҹո̽ͷȥȻͿһ˵Ӱӣˢһ´Ӵ⻮ֱ׹¥µĵ棬ͨһ졣
һʱ䣬ˣôһһĴŲҲͬһʱ䣬Ҿ¥ϴĺе˺ѷεģ裡
̲סͷŴ⿴˳ȥͿ̫̫һûżһ¥ǰˮһ棬ȫѪ


232 
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תͷһۣ˵ı鶼Щţſ˵ʲôȴԼҲƲסĶ£Ϊ£Ϊ鷢̫ͻȻˣЩʼδͺվǰˣգ۾һһƲס䡣
ҰֿҲ˵æܵԱߣ濴һۣɫʱͱˣǡʱԭѾȥ̷᰺Ȼ˿Ҳһɻı顣Ұֿһۣͳһ䣬˵
һ䣬˾ͳ¥һǰһ˳ȥ֪Ҫȥ̫̫ڴԶЩӦˣֻһûʲô£ͬʱһ䣬˵һ£ҵ¥ȥǳˣ
֪ҲûʣקҵΣͰҸ˳ȥⶰ߲ôߣոպõҪݵı׼ڵ棬һһ仯ҲǲżԵʣԽԽҪĳ嶯ֻ˶¥Żûȫ򿪣ҾͼŴȥαһ£ֱӾͷڵأæһѣ˵𼱣ұ㣡
ҧҸקҲ˲ʲô֮ˣֱӷıϣ¥ҪӰȫͨһ¥ݣҲЩֻǵȥʱȴǿŵģճ˵Щ飬Ӧô淴ϲŶԡ
Ǹոȥһ㣬ȻͿС˳ҿӷǳֻţҲû뵽ҡͷͷ󺹣һûڣ˵һ䣬Ůˣ
һȻǸӴæܽ¥ӰֻǺڵϹĿϸ룬ôֺлơ
֣ɫʱ˵ͼææĳ̨ϸϡСһסң˵̷ȵȣ
һ䣬ֱӽлҿһۣͻȻ˵Ƶģæк塣ǸոսȥͿлҶģͨ죬л˺ѷεҺšҿŹ׼лһһ˹ȥлķӦҲǳ죬ʸûǰͱȥˣһԣֱӾͽлһãһлĿҿ˹һֲ֮ɫž˵̷ԭǸ޳
ûлشֻл壬ƾҪҡ죬лɫһ䣬Ȼתӣһ磬ֱӴ¥ȥһӣɢĶˣҲʲôܣ׷žʹ¥һŵС񡣻ǵڱϣӳһ˦ֱӲϣͺҵһ¥ϸ˦ȥһȫڵϡһͷСǺһ˵ǻţСһЩ
ҿС˵ͷҲѧлӣ¥һǻ꣬ˤҲˤġ
ֻǵأſҰ̷ְֺ¥ǰ棬˿ӣҪѾ̫̫ӸŪȥ̫̫ϲ֪˶ٹͷ˶ѾЩˡҲڿæ϶ĽŲ
лܵķǳţſͷûڣƺ֪Ը׷ĶһһĺţļЩȣһᣬͳһһлĶӣ̴ȥ
лĽŲһ£͵ĻͷݺݵĳǿһۣûѪҺֻһʹĸоܼǰСһ룬ҺȻԴѿͺԷͺͷϳһƵģŴͣͷ棬Դֽţϸͺһεĺӣſлĺһ
ԹĿһۣһֱл壬ݴ˹ȥлһᣬֱӵڵϣҲûһ
ǰģŮǱǸ壬Լ˵ڿǼһ֪ԼӲˣ׼ӳȥҲͼֱӳҴһ
Ѿõ׼еһҡ졣ҶҲЩŵˣǹͺײһ㿴ǽһ˵һµɻֻСôֽڵϺҵţתֳűһӣٶһҡͺ֮ǰһֵ˻
һӳȥ˵ֱż˹ȥһƺûκãͺ񶡶ǰ˵ģҲ֪ʲôܹ˶Ůִڡ
СһĹﵹڵϣѿҪһ˫һ۵תţңֿŭĶʹֵţȻЦˣһּϸ˵ʮ꣬ûƵϣ޳ˡ̷֪ôԸ
ҽл壬ţСϴνҵķ޳Ǻһ룬û׼ǣǣҲ֪ôģʼվòʧʲǿһ
Ҳһ㣬еķûգɶⶫáǻŭ޴ɷйǹЦԽԽ޷ǳҿ˹
ҹԵһҧһһ˵ΪʲôҪǵ鷳
תͷԴһۣ˵ǻôǣҪ;ֳʲôӣǵļƻˡ
ŭһ䣬˵ɱ
һЦ˵ڿеѰ찡ǰֻилЩ죬лɷҲ˵и޳һֱΪǸСˣû뵽̷
Ц˵޳˭ʲôϵ
΢΢һ£ϵɾʹˣԭΪ޳Ͳֺ˵ֻŽ˸ȥȵ˶ľ£ɱʲô棬סҼȻˣԭ׼ʱ򣬾˳һ̡֪⡣
ףǳСģڶľɱ޳ԺȻһңҲ׶ľµĻ˲öԸϧϣֻ΢ɻǣϴұ·ңץߣʱΪҵϢˣӦѾ֪ϲԾĵطСʱҲûŮ䣬ôЩҲƺõ飬·ңҲûϷı仯߶ŮҲΪһʱϵϣ˵Ǳ˴֮䣬ҲֻǻõĹϵ
Ѿȥˣֻ˵̷ҪȥɱҾĥ
ҵͷǰĹɫʱŶһ˵ң
һ䣬һҪ嶡˹ȥƣæһΣɫһͲ֧Źļ˳ųĹ͵ľͳһҾͿŮӺȻ˺ܶ࣬һͼʧǵ֮СǼϣҲĪķһɺɫ
Ҽˣ˿֧ϵı鿴ϲҳĬһᣬź˵ȥɡ
ͷһͺҪĵ׵ıʹųȥƵġ治֪ȥ̫̫᲻
ֻת׼뿪ҺȻͿվں棬ŵǵһԵлҵĺŷӦ˵磬ҿ԰ȥ𡭡


233 ·
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Ÿмĵ˵ͷֽлʬӵϸ
ǻȥٶȺÿһƺءûκ˴ߴٹһ£·ÿﶼŲͬ˼һ㡣·ʼնžͷģûãǶ¥ѾǰĵλεţǵӳյЩҰס
ȥǰȻҵȵȣͣ½Ųһƿţ˽ȥ
˶գ˺¡һȥ˵߶ת˹ÿ˵ı鶼Եôѹ·һҵϢ
һ۾Ϳ̫̫ɳϣĶ棬ͣһʬ壬Űײʲô֮ǰѾˣڣҲûȥǶֻɳϵľ̫̫Ĺ꣬ǳζ
˹ȥͽһվھ̫̫ߣʼûзһ̫̫۾ϹģƺܹܵĴһֳŶ˹ȥֱۣȻŽ߬ס֣ԼߣֱŶԴ÷ǳƽ˵һ䣬û°û¡
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ҲȥᴫȾһֱ˵ĸоԽԽŨұĿ⣬;Լ˹ȥһŷԼҲڴϣһ˻꣬ͷԴ棬ҪĿƵģֱϵӿͻ֮ȥˡͺСȥո¶ļȴֱӺʵƸ
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ȻűƿţҵĴߡۿ˿СңЩִ٣Ĭ˰Σ˵û°ɡ
һӴֱӣͺƭԼƵҡҡͷֶһ£Ҳ˵ʱ̨ϣôġ
Сһ£Ÿңʱ̨ϣл壬ߵĻǸ˳̫̫˺ܴŽڣѾͶĻΪһ߻Ƿֿ
ȻķѵʱҪһЩһ˳ֱһ̫̫ҪѶǺ϶ΪһʱлͻȻˣͺڰ͵һҲ׶;̫̫öԸû׼ʰǣǾûʲôֿˡյͷֱӾͳŶĻǾ˹ȥڳ˶һǴֲۿŶĻǾҪһ𣬾̫̫лңӲĳȥͷһ£ͷһƣֱ̫̫Ӵ¥ϵеڣҲԮ
ҵǣôһ飬ĻҲԭˡԼ豻¥Ūȥ˭ᷢġҸȥĽǾ͸֪ᷢʲôˡ
˵ľСźһƵģһҳĬ룬ȻŮˣ·ң£֪᲻ĹǷһʱɷһӡҿһᣬС˵м飬æ
ЦЦ˵ʲô벻ģڿһˡ
ҲЦһ£˵ǺãѹңǲҪǸ߱뿪ˣ
Сһüžҵ˼˵ھȥһƤ
û뵽ôȣæʾСһЩ˵ǰǲ֪ʲôطҹ˼ˣڿл壬йҿȥ԰壬Ļܹܡ
Ȼ⻰˵Сǲģ˵һȥû׼ֱԶľЩˣ޳״̬Ҳ޳ǵġ
˵ҲҪҪԵ飬Ժ󣬰ҸЩˣҰְǣû׼Ҫһȥɿž̫̫ǸӣľЩ˭Ҫڳʲô飬Ҳܲסˡһû£չ裬̫̫кܶҪæұЩ죬ЩطҲȥ΢̷᰺ò״ǰĵѳˣҲھ㣬Ĺˡ
СȰҼ仰ҷˣľãһѾûлˣ̫̫ͺһҺ·ң֮ըһҲ֪һȥԱ˵ܿ·һ⻹ȥƴҾò˭ΪѾ㹻ˡ
ֺС䣬˵ùҵʱ͵ص㣬ûüȰңͰϳȥˣƺҲףӦҲãӦҲգܻҸûעҵʱ뿪Իйôȫ
һϣҶû˯áֱһܹĿҲ֪ʲôʱͣȥġ΢΢һᣬӾˣһ¾ʹӴ·׼뿪ҼʲôûΪл⣬ҼҪκζֻǲ֪ΪʲôҪţͷڷ￴һۣĪľͰĹڣˡ
Ҿѹʱ򣬿˿⣬һҹĴѾͣˣֻһЩ컹ûϵˮ󶼻û͸뿪ӵʱ̲סͷ˿֪ǲǻлҲ֪´λʲôʱ
ӵȥ·һֱûãͿǳǳҹɫһ˫۾ھĵȺš΢΢ЩϲСϾǴӦˡ
ɵߵǰŷСҲ棬ӹ˳ϵ·Ƶģ΢еΪҪҵ𣬿ȴ˵ϴҴ㵽ǸطȥģΣҴȥ
΢΢Ȼ˵ˣ˵Ļûף
Сɫ࣬˵ʲôײ׵ģҪȥҾ㣬ϾӣЯ⣬û취չ˺㡣ھͲͬˡҪͬ⣬ھȥˣ㿴ܵʲôط
ûа취ֻ˵Ҫˣ˭סҰ
С˵Ͳõˣҳʱڷ˵ȥɢɢģڣҲʲôɵµġ
ɫһʵûʲô취ˣ䣬˵ȽˣֻҿͶˣҲܡ
аһЦЦݾͺǳʱһ˵ģˣúܡ
һ䣬ͿʼҿıӰоЩЦôһʱ䣬Ƕģڣôѱˡ


234 
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ʱɫȻѾȥϸС£ʱ䣬ȻѾˡû뵽һ˯һȥ
СҵĶ棬һЩ򵥵ĸ㣬ˣָҵ˹ҽ£ɸûʲôʳֳֻŴ⿴һۣ˵ǵˣ
Сһʳ˵һСʱͿҪˡҪǷˣǻüͷ
Цһ˵ˣʵûлͷ·ˡ
ɫȥƺ֪һûڶ˵ʲôֻ˼ĳŶҲһ¶ӣȻӰｫĹڣ˳С״˵ȥ
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ûһᣬӰͳҺСǰվߵϵװ͹Ĳô룬ֻҺСһתͷȥǰԼҲףڵҽ̸ĹжôѾԸɴʲôҲ˵
ҿʱ䣬ɽǰУҲѾкܳһˣҲ׼׼óл壬Ŀ˿ӵСͭ塣ζӳɣ֪һǲǻлСҵԥ˵һʲôԼҡˣûᣬֱԼһ¡
۵ʱ򣬱Ѿ޳ˡһУǸ˫԰ûɫ۾·ҪңĿ硣
ʱŻعͷɫһЦָҵϵ˵̷ǰ·Ȼ仯ǳ󣬵Լܹķòڣͺ׼սĽʿһֻһΪ׼ȥء
ҺǺЦţ˵һȥˣҲ˰ͻȥɣڣиԼĹأѾˡ
һ˫۾עңȤζһЦҪ˵ЩʲôҾ͸еȻͣǶԼͬĳǰ˹ȥžС˵һ䣬ǵˣû취ǰ
ҵͷ֣صĿСһۣ˵Ȼ³ʹŹ뿪ɡһܹһԼȥġ
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ҵĳһ䣬˵̷ÿ޳а취Ըǹײ£Ļˡ
ǰţ˵Ҳ֪
ߣһңһ˵Ⱥɽʱ޳Ϊ޳ͻΪȺۼѾи޳ˣпɲá
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һ䣬˵ҪԸǣҪѪ赹ԣһִٳԼ
Цһ˵˵ЩʲôáԼܹ֪һһУ㵱³ڣõõȥ
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ǰ״ѾǵԤϵģҪҲͻᷢϵϢ·ңҲ֪Ѿˡ
ǰһۣתͷĿ˿ң˵ôˣ
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ֵĿһۣ˵ڸ⣿Ǻ޳ӿɴˣǻԸ⽫Ѫң
ζЦһ˵㣬ܸ˭֪ΪʲôڻûӶľ³Ϊô˻ϡ
Ҳ˼ֻǵãʱǸɽװĻ˵ʱҲνʱָʲôӣƺΪ˽⡣
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Ҳ˼ɻĿɫЩĮ˵㵱ʱڹڣ˵ĲҿԼӵȷʵʹǸĹͬģҶ̷лҵҲǳ˽⣬ǼȻѾﵽԼĿģΪ˲ƻԼļƻ϶Ὣй飬ͳͳĨɱۿǸĹܱסˣ˱ѳƣ̷ֻлҾ֮գƹ׳֮ʱʱ̷лҿν壬˶ӣҪ죬֪Ǻա
΢Щ죬˵ôһ仰Ǿˣ
һЦ˵һһУҵĻѵűˣʱлǸûԵģҲΪһ仰ȫ˶ɱˡ̷ϾǸŸӳԶļƻףʱЩ˿¼ǳʱҲƲʲôˣ˾һ·Ͼͬڣ˾ۼԽԽ࣬ǵԽԽ
Ҿ飬ףʵʱ򣬿϶Ҫϰٱмָʲô˲̣ܽлɷӶľӳˡ
һЦ˵Ȼǵȫ㲻̷֪лҷֻ壬һѪ꣬ɱҲҵ


235 
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ƺǳΪԼʱļƻ⣬˵̷л󣬶ľ٣ҲϺ꣬˴Ӷľ׵³ǻ٣ϧЩˣǶҸˣ˭ûܹȥҲΪԵʣ̷лҵҵĻֹκӳľסֻҲһֱţ˱ص̷лңٴڵĻ˷ֳ֣һЩʹɱӵλ顣
֪ΪʲôҾ뷨ǶԵģ׳ӣ̲ס˵ѵģײĵˣЩ˵
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ףȻǰ˱ڵԭˣֻڿʱ˱ˣоò׵ġ⻰̷лҵˣٶеҲҲζ
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ҳĬһ£⻰ЩȰ͵˼ҴӦ˰˱ڣ鵽ҲҪˣܻԺǶӡ˵ףҪҲų޳ƴľ
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£ڶ˵һ˦ɽȥæĽŲ֪ΪʲôоеЦһǵʱ򣬻̽ҵ뷨
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л壬Сҵӣһҡһһ켴ֹԶԶشȥͺС˵ģʾҵݣǣˣ
֮ǰܿĹ֣ȻԽԽࡣӵϣð˳תۼ䣬ĵطǹӰʶһȺȺľۼһξ룬һĿǣѻȸ
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ǸոսӽȻһ£ЩڽֵϵĹ֣ͻȻɢԣóһ·ҿȻе̵ĸоͺһȺۼһΪҵݣЩϻ̳Ͽ֣ϹϾ
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͵̧ͷ۾úܴܴüͷšһ˵ԣҪˣ
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ɫһ˵Ҳȫˣ˭ܵ˳Ժʲô飬γûĻ˵ҵĻԾ͸Ҵˡ̷л壬Щʬܲã
Ҹ˵ԼҲжϾľµʬЩر޳ܱסοң⻰û˵ڣЩۼڷ洦ʬ壬Ȼͺ˳Ѩһһһ˹ٶ֮죬Ҳܲǡ̶̵ʱ䣬ȥֻ·ϣݶϣ˸õʬ壬ɫԽԽѿ˵ȳЩһû׼˵ģǵЩλͬ﹥
һ仰û˵꣬ҾѾע⵽ˣЩʬ岻ϱƽǣƺΪ˫ȸĹϵֻڵҲ֪鶼ûеĶôģƺܹҵĴڣҺֻõ̬Ȳͬһ̧ͷһֱۣӳҳ˹
ұһʱŷǰָ߰ӣ¶һԼΪıۿǳұƽ֮ٶֿ죬֪Ѿû·ˣһҪľ׵ȥ
뵽ҽлһһ죬ҸоܺһƵģһ½ҵϵİ¶ƮЩǵʬ壬ͺҹлһӺʲôײһ㣬͵ĵɳȥ
û뵽ôǿЧתһ룬ƺ޳ӹײԺҲҪڶľµʱҪǿöࡣЩʬɳȥһξ룬ݺڵϣЩʹ˶ϳ룬ǳһ£ͺûһ㣬ӵϴֳҳ˹ˣͺĿһͬһ˲䣬еʬ壬ҿ˹лķԴԴϵģʬڳ


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ۿǰʬԽԽ࣬Һı鶼أҹ˲ȥЩ֣һ䣬˵̷ڣôһȥ
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ľܵʬ壬ײģֿ˴ˣ˭Ҳû˵ʲôͳŹײһԾû׵һƬڰˡ
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Ҹ㿪ã֪ڰȥȻԼѾʬΧסˣǵڵϵѾһʬһȳһյ͵ǰǾСֽȴûһۣһ˫նһ۾ʼûдƿ
ϸ˿ȻϴſףϴδȺʬԿ޳ʬ壬ҲνĴүҴû뵽Լַʽٶȼ棬˵ԼڶӵöࡣЩɫġ
ۿл屻оͺԼ˻ƵģʲôҲ˲ˣֱӾ嵽ǰҸһܵʬͺԽƵģһɱҲǲΪײĵԵʣ֮ͻȻһƺˣǲǹ񣬶ûкǶԿһͬ˵ģְ޳ǵĶ֡
һ¾ͱ߰˸ʬ尴ڵأǽѹңһûԼôȻӺ洫˵̷үжûˣѲпôк
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һ⻰粻ԣ̧ͷһۣȫ͸Ǵʲô⣬֪ǰͷԣеķӣ˵Ѿϵ˻һֱίߣƻŻصӵߡò׼ֻǣһֱûп˵
ǴүϸĿ´һ飬ҲҲͬý˽л壬Ȼһڣ˸롱ƣɽԵһ׹ָȥ
ͺƵóһ㣬ǵһЦתͷҿһۣʲôҲûж˵ǰ׹˹ȥүӰʧ֮УŻعͷЩѹϵʬһָǾͺһ׷׽̧Ҳ֪ǴӣҽҿЩϤЩ޳ֹֻҲ֪޳ȥ
ǽ̧Ҳߵǰ׹ǰֳһףһ·˳ȥǰ׹һЩۣӦŷѾǸоǵĴӣͣԴһ㡣ţ½½˽ҿʼΪЩʬ壬ϸһƣ˵ӡ
΢΢Щ죬밴ǰļ˵ЩӦĹꡣֻʬһͱ˵ӣЩѧҺһ룬ʵǴǵ׹⣬Ӧþ͵һε״̬ʬʵû߽ʯźûоͷĺڰ֮СֻξˣһзԪҲܿʬӡ
һǸ¹ڳЩӦϾڵҲšЩ֮ҲſһŻˣɫƣϵŷͣҲȻЩˣһӢ֮һ͹ЦһվڲԶֿǰ˸˵겻ţ
ͷһۣɫûκЦ⣬ֻ˵̷үľµ˵ֻǰʮɶңȴֹǧꡣ֣Ǹ˵Ŷԡ
ҵû뵽үǳӵģ룬ƣҲмֽӽֺٺЦһ˵ҪǶ̷ңﻹн졣
һ䣬㳯Ŵһӣ˵롣
Ҳֱһ˦Ӿͳǰ˹ȥү˺󷽡ҲΪֱŅ̀оͺ͹ŴνʾһһӦ顣
һ·ŴߣƹЩֵʱ򣬻в˳Χһ£ҵӣ۷׷˽̷ֱǰſϴǸɽװվǵĶ飬æӭŴү˵һ䣬үл̫үղˡ
үϿʲô飬ֻǵ˵ͷɴƫŽȥֻɽװ˼ңɫʱһ䣬˵벻㻹޳ʣϴΣۡ
˵תȥûڶ࿴һֻۣǽЩ̧ҵˣ˵ʹүȥλС㣬Ҳ
һʱûӦ˵ңɻ˰죬Ҳû̷һʲôСȤɵԺת˰죬ƹȥ˺ݺݶڵϣ̧ͷǰһʱʹסˣҾȻ׵һλһŮˣŲ裬ǳйصһڣб۾ҿһۣ¶һζЦݣ˲·ңֻ˭
ȻûӦϾ·ңûҲΪ̷ҵĳС㣬ϵϢԣ̲ס࿴ۡӦҲһһֱΪ·ңһȺû׼ҲѾ췭ظ˭뵽һвûз̷еϱȫǵԤ֮ڡ
ֻеĲյվү˸ЦүȻд͵ˣ̷޳ȻֻǸ꣬˵ҲͬСɣб½ץ


237 ͻϮ
үλϣϺٺЦţƺֹάĻϻһ£˵·ѵ磬µĶŮȥǣȻô˳ֻ벻̷һˣȻǵͷ
·ң£ЦЦ˵үˣҸո֪ʱҲһأлҵĺˣлɷ罻ã̷̷жԸǵ˼ܲӲܣǸµġ
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Ｑĺһղŷ飬ҲһЩֻǲǲǻˡֻһûʼǣҺһ˵̷죬޳ڸᣬѪֻ˲а취ʹãڻƤʯǴ򲻿ģ
ҼѵתͷԴƤӰѾʬȺûˣ޳ҲûţֱӽɥǶʬ˹ȥֻءһͺըըһЩʬɢɳȥֻ¶·ңӰ
ſڣϼûһ⣬ԵøѾֻܵѹһûˣЩѵ̧ͷҿһۣ֧ճŲƤĿ֣Ѫ꣬ƺҪһ㣬ĺһ䣬̷
Ҹûƶһ룬͸оӱ˱ͷһŷҰְ֣Сȷһԣ͵ƤǰУѪ˹ҿ·ңͷȥУƺ˵һ䣬лл


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ҰְֽұڱϣҿͷʱɢָζҲǿԽܵġ޳һֱڰǵܳʬ壬Ҳ࿪ӣʯŴ˳ҽѪܴ꣬ĺɱЩӵֹסѭʯοյİۣȻãһУҪôˡ
Ұֱңͷ۽ǵ⿴ңҵһͷȻҳһѣϵľʹַʯϣ˿Ѫ꣬ҪŽȻл̫үǴһ˵̷ң
һعһۣŸѾŤˣѾſǴЦĿң˵չˣ
һعͷû˵ˣôˣҲǹˣ
ûڳɣǿ׼ĿնһѪŽУ
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ģһ졣ʯ֮ϣͺҲһƵģĻҳ涶ҺҰְϡЩɱȻȫ˵Ŀ⣬ϣȻǰʯš
ôһ˲䣬Ϊʱ䶼ֹˣܳÿ£ҵĺ̲סҰְ˻۾һֱʯ֮ϣĬ˰ΣȻ˵СԺСȥס˱ڵأԺ󡭡úûš
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Ұƺܹ뷨ҷСԱߣСڻţɴŵ֪һʱûд󰭣˱һЩһǿסúúûȥ
ҰְֿһۣſҪ˵Щʲôںһû˵ȻʯǱߣǡ䡱һ죬ţʯ͵Ķһ£вٻҳ
ϸһʯұߣ΢΢ƶһ㣬ͺ֮дһһ̷ǳÿһ£ƺǣ˵ġÿŲһ֣ʯ֮󣬾ͻ͸һ޵Ĺ˵ĸоʱϨ𣬿ֺͣƺҲ޷һ㡣
ܵʬ嶼ţл̫үҲһ˫۾עʯ֮ϣŲһһ㳯źȥʱʱڵЩʬϣһֱˤ
ҲڳһһעʯţʯչԽԽģƺܹһŲǳңʼǳϸ΢ԽԽ󣬵ʯŴ󿪣Ψһֱܹܹó⾹Ȼ̤ʼտźʲôʯŵλãһ㱡Ĺͺ֮ǰʬɽһֻдǵ⣬ܿ硣
ԽԽ죬ûһعл̫үŵĴһˣ
еʬ嶼ûгɣתҪطһ룬ҺȻͿһƥȫڣлȼյһ´ʯ֮˳û뵽ȳģǵֶһƣҲŷϣȻи΢΢͸ϴƱٸһףȫڡһ˵ֵǰƵһγ߸߾ٹͷֱӳЩҪʬ˹ȥ˴ʯųԺ󣬽ϵģһһĶ飬Ҳ׷׸˳֮࣬ȫҵԤϡ
һʱ֮䣬˻ֺɱʱǰЩʬ壬£һëȻϸС
ֱӳǰʬȺ֮Уеһ´ʬ֮ڣһ㣬ֱӱ㽫ЩʬǰҫʬȺЩǰ·ûлֵһڵϣͺʱԶһ㣬ʰһּԸһһʱ䣬ЩʬĲҽҲҵĶ֮С
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ҰЩ£һ£ſ˵ҿһ䣬ʯţͨʲôط𡭡
۾ƺٿǰһУã̾һ˵Ȼ֪˵ҪţйģǶҲһǻܵĥˣͻӦطͺү⿪һţһȥ·һ
̲ס·ңǱ߿һۣҲ֪ƺݶ֮£ǲҲ˵ոһż尾ԲŲһеģҪطԼһͨ·
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Ұֵ˵ͷֿһۣҼһ£ͺǰҴƵģ˵СҵĻǺúûţ
һ䣬ͷҲصĳʯ˹ȥʹȥס֣ǱˣۿߵʯǰһʯͷƵģһѿں˳˵֣
ҰֽŲһ£תͷҵЦһ£˵߻㺰һˡ
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Ȼ˵Ҿ̲סԼᣬֻܵͷҧ촽һ
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̧ͷǰȥֻ·ңҲѾվʯűϣѾû׵ӣϵƤ˵Ҳ̶ãΨһû̫ı仯һַʯ֮ϣббģƺվȽŲǼųҺһ˵֪ԼԲ㣬Ҫˣֻĺ˵һ仰ŲŶáĺϲ㲻֪ǻƤǶӡ
һ£תͷȥʯǰĹһ˵Ҳ֪ǷνֻءϣеĻ±ӣҪˡ
·ң˵꣬ҧһԼ촽ûеҵĻӦƺҵĻӦһ㣬͵ĳǰһͺҸһ㣬Զʧʯ֮
·֮ǰһбϲһгԹǵȥˡ


242 
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ֱһʯţųװһۣ˵ˣڣ
ҡҡͷ̾һ˵ңȴѳȥһͻ
ҵͷСһۣϵ˿ѾѪ裬ûѪļˣֻˣɻԲѡ
Сڱϣ߳ȥȻתͷ˵ĶҶѪ꣬ʯϣȻսЩ飬Ͳûˡ
ҳĬĻͷһۣѪǶʯ֮ϣѾʯΪһƵģӣҪãҲû취ӦһͷȥʱӰѾû˺ڰ֮Уˡ
ҺһƵģɵڵϣ۾Ŭһ⼸飬ײʼһ뿪ٵһеĽһֱƽֻţ̲סȥѪһۡһԴͷһĶҵҲ֪ͺ˵һʵǲȥѪ걾ĶϹĳЩ˵µаٻߣɵ졣ΪֶԴͷ̫ңԶǻһҲû취׷ݡ
ֻǾãûܹҲˣչ鲻ңҪǴߣһ죬ҲΪһһЩҲ
ҳ㶵ʱѾ۷ˡһ仰Ҳû˵ֻʣֻ֣ҴӵϷ𣬲ңһһȥ
߳һ·̣ȻͣתͷȥһᡣһֻǸ޳ͣʯűϣͺʯƵһ󣬻ޱĻعͷû顣
̲סһ˵޳ȥ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪뿪һֱֻǣһ뿪ˣټʱҿܾͷֱ治ĸˡ
޳ò࣬ûױ仯ʱòҲкܴĸı䣬Ҳ˽е뷨պлᣬ޳֮ʱǰվŵģǸᷢӣˣΪһԶԡ
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΢΢۾˯ʵĿ˵ͼԺҲûʲôˣֻǣȥһ۶ѣ飬νˡ
ȻһЦ˵ҪܳŵȥҾٰһΣҲǸԹˣȻǸҹ鷳˵ܿһнѳҲǷ顣
ҴûԼʲô飬һʱҲ벻ף˵ĽѣָĹѨΪ޳ûҳĬһᣬֻܰʲô
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Ҳ֪ΪʲôԼﶼѾˣĻͽһϣֻŶһ£ƽˣȴûлش𣬳Ųŵõ͵ÿԼǲǸˡ
һֱȣҡҡλεĸоųĶŵӰƵģҴС飬ģһ飬˵ʱ򣬻Լһҵһ̣ܶҲкܶ飬ֵȥġ衣·Ķ棬ϹӣﲻĹʱĻ棬ǸʱҲ֪ôóͣ³һؼҡ䣬һУʲôʱͣ˶ֻ֪ںңҿȴ٣ţһһĳҺţſ죬ŬҪӦһǵдѾҿˡ
УֻԼ˱ܵǳңоҺԶԶϢܹŵģЩˮζҺԸһȻѾˣ۾˯˹ȥ
һƺ߳ĺ˵һûκθоҲûκʶֻǵ۾ʱ򣬲ŷԼһҽԺڱϴźҺɬܡ붯һ£Ƿֻ۽ǵ⣬ܴȻͿСԱһŴϣ۾˯úֻܳܳнë᲻ʱһ£Ҳ֪μʲô
һ룬ҺȻ˵̷ˣҪ˻ǻˣ
˳ȥŷԱţ۾϶źȦֻҿһۣ۾ʱͺˣžžĵҲ֪Ϊѹǿһ̫ʧˣ֮ӣϵܵĻͻһȭҴææľźҽȥˣֻһڱϣǽӲһᣬ˵̷Ļ˶ٴΰ˭ֲˣ裬߾ֻһˣԺֱӾˡ
˵ֻܿֱ⴫һ˵ĽŲżæתȥǽڣϵˮȫˡ
żҽžһ飬ȷûʲôΣˣ뿪ѵõıֵúܹҽòͷͱ˳ȥתͷֻʣǼʱ򣬱Զʱͱ¶ˣûûεɵЦţ˵̷ӲҪ֪֪㱾һˣһԵʱֱӾͰĻ˳ȻǶȷŵ˹ڣȻŸѪѪ㻻ϣ廹û͸ְѻŻȥˡϹĶడǾѲʮ죬Ҳʮ졣
ŶһЩֻʵû취˵˲ų˸ɫСһۡ
⣬æЦЦ˵Сˣأڹ˺Լ͵ˣǻعⷵ˾ͺá


243 ɢ
ǣǣǳǳһ£ﳹƽھãԼܹ˯һ̤ʵˡ
֮ÿӣԵøƽͶÿ춼ΪᦵԵʣţҪһЩÿι̷һ
ҺСҲܹ˵Щ򵥵ˣҽԺСʿҲȤ˵һҽƵд̷֣֪ˡֻˣһαһأ˿ڶ฽ˣһãСûˡ˵ǻҵĹ˵Ҳ֪ƽʱʲôģŪôһˡ
ֻЦЦ˵ʲôûϵ̸ֻЦź˼䣬ǽȥˡ
Ǻǰһģǻ᲻ԾȥһЩƫƧĽ䣬ƺðʲôƵġֻһʱŰһЩһ߲ʵӣ˾ңˡڵ״˵̷Ұæôлҡ
ҷЦ˵ⱾǷҵģڻ˼Ҫл
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ɻĳ˹ȥʣҪʲô
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Ҹһ㶣æ˿Ҳң֪ôڲźã˵飬ѾˡֻһЩƣ˵Ҫʲô
֣ߵһᣬź˵仯֮󣬳ҵȥ̽һ顣ܣ¾ᦣҲ֪ʲôᣬҲܻһӣҵһ£ԭҲûдˣڣ֪鶼ڸԼܹԼǱǿϰٱ
ϸ⻰ҲЩ˽ĵġһϲùˣʣܻô󣬻˵ҲǷǳģȤҲ֮⡣ĻҲûʲôȷʵûбҪѧʲô£Ժ˹ԼҲԸȨһأųһۣ˵Ҳˣ
ԥһᣬ˵ͷ˵磬Ҳ뵱׸
һҲ뷨ֻ˵ףԼмָ᲻¡̾Ϣһ˵׸Ժû׼Ҳпһء
ЦЦ۾΢΢Щ졣Ψһ˵һ䣬ұܸ㣬ɱЩʲôֵֹ飬Ҫˣһƴ
мĿһۣ˵治ֵǮ
£㳯̷᰿һ̷ۣÿң˵ʲôֻһԾ죬Ҳ֪ôˣƺбӡɻĿͿͷ޵Цһᣬ˵̷ҽҲǺġ
һ㶣ʶľ˵ҲҪߣ
ͷ˵ֻң˱ҲѾˣ˵޲ɢ֮ϯۣзһ졣ֻǲ㳶̫˸еĻתһ£˵̷լȥˣﻹڵǣҲԻȥңǣѾˣ㻹ǵǰ˵ĻɡҲһԹԼҪȻڸоһԶԶҲһˡ
ҳĬǰ΢Щ˵˼ʧˡҿˣԼϵһ죬˱˵ĶԡÿˣԼҪӣֻǸܷĸ壬Ǿ۵һ𣬷˹ȥˣǻɢѰԼĳ·ֻһ˵ʵ̫ˣû׼á
ҳĬ˰Σǿǵһ㰧Ц˳˵ףֻȥˣԺҪϵС
򵥵ĵ𣬵ڶ죬ңѾ뿪ˣʲôûдߡӣҲԽ徻ӦΪףҲǰǸ־Ǯ״̬ˣҺС彥תҲԽԽæµʼʱǣһ죬һԵϾͿʼ˯ƺҪϰߡͺ˵һֶϾϵԺ󣬾ǰһЩѣˣ㿪˵ʲô˾һҪǮĸоģҲͲϵˡżҴȤ䣬˵̷˾ǮʱǸ˿ˣ㻹Ǹ˿ʲôʱҲܸһҲչһΡ
ҺٺЦţ˵±˿񫡣
ֻǺҿŵʱ򣬻ͻȻְ֣ƺʲô⣬ҲͦصģץƵóԺüηֻûǰ飬Ȼʱһŷ㶣Ҳ֪ЩʲôҾãĵǸǰְֵˣΪһССλãֻǰ
־һֱûж飬֪Ϊʲô֪ôںҲ֪䣬ɾԸǰ˵ֻǻǰѹӣ־ҲͬĸһǵĸܣǲְʲôҲӦкϵûС룬һ죬ǵ䡣ǲأԼһһʲôɣȥһˡ
쾽ȵĽȣǸܶࡣ̫̫ȻˣŪ˸򵥵񣬵Ϣһȥμӵ˾ȻĶ࣬һЩǮƵģֻ˵Ҳһ£Щ˿ͺ˾̫̫ȱƵģвϵֻǶᴦͨһ仰ͰŪò֪˵ʲôãþ̫̫Ĺһһ̫̫˵һ䣬ͺѧһĻһ䡣Ҿ̫̫ҵķȻˣõһѱղ̫̫ǰŲٴȫ˶Ķһʱ˶ӣҺ첻֪Ҫ١
ǻ̲סĳұԹ˵㿴̷Щÿ춼ǰƤЦģǿӣʲôҲûе飬Ҫ˵ﲻɾӰǰ;һ汻ǵˣɶ¶ңҪԱ߶ҲءŵʱãЩ鶼ҹܡҰզզء
⻰ЩЦ˵ʵҲԸЩһͲø򹤣˵ڳȥҸҪǰ;öࡣ
ֻǺСı仯ģֱ仯˵ϣ˸ҵĸоϡӾǻԺȻ彥ˣҲ֪Щʲô˵Ļúٺ٣ȻǰĻҲܶ࣬ľǳĬԵˡʱ죬ĬĬԱţ㲻ҲͲ廰
״ЩǡһֱοԼΪ鲻õԭ򣬿ǵǳԺˣصǸӡڱҲʼæҹʱһ˱֢
˾ҲˣֻڼҿʱҹֵӻţѾɳ˯ˡֻУž̫̫ҹǾۻʱĵƬҪóúܽܽһͻѹ۾ǸĿҡ
Ҿǰ취úģһûڣȻ˵̷һƬɡ
ҹģôͻȻ飬ҲûֻͣңֻһţƹĻ£յòôСģƬܳʱ䣬ͻȻ˵ԺҪˣǲҲиĹϿҵ̷֣ȻҵƬ
ǳԣ־ɣæ˵ʲôģϹЩʲô˰ߵʱ򣬻úûš
СֿƬһۣĵ˵ͷĬһᣬ˵ûʲô˼ֻ˵Ҫôһ죬ҿ϶ҲһиĹɡĹصģ԰ɣ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô⻰ӱ˵ҿ϶ˣСĿУҺȻЩᣬΪ˲ֳҼһһ£˵϶ģֵܣ˵ˣˣҲøûǮȥҶҪǷҺЩǮء
СҵĻĪЦЦɽţ͵ˣ˶ʱǿ˵ǵ죬ùҵʬͻ
һæס˵⻰ʲô˼㲻ҲҪ߰ɣ
ͺߵһһһεĵҲûȥ·һ£˵ҳҪߵģкܶ飬ȥ
ԽԽ˵Щɵ鲻ǶѾʲôùܣڼúôžͺá
СȻַڿ㶵ͳһǰһ־Ȼл壬ǵʱ뿪ľ׵ʱ򣬸ûڼⶫС˵ҽԺʱл壬Ѿˡȥ󣬻Ӳȥ
ҵʱĸоͺ˽һˮһͷ䵽šʲôҲ룬һѽелŴֱһҡСϵҡͷ˵ûõġûõġ
Ҷڵϣ·һѵƵģѹ͸ΪһжˣͺѾÿ˶ҵԼĹ鴦һ㣬ʶһֱߵˣȴǰһûһ仯
ұԴĬ˺ܳʱ䣬վСѾˮһ£˵ȥ˯ɣЩ飬ڽʵڲУȥǲʲô취
СͷһϵᣬתϢȥˡһҹڴշת࣬һֱû˯ţˣʹ
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ֽԱߣֻһƬĽ棬￴һᣬСΨһߵĶֻǾۻĺաʱҲףһҲˡ
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С뿪ԺҴһܵʱŻм䣬һֱңʱŪЩҪЦЦЦͶҲһΣСסһ죬յӣǿе
ֻǶ˵̷ʺҸСĵط̫һסһеأǰ˶ʱ򻹺һЩû׼Щ·λš
Ҿ⻰ҲûһǲҪôķӣֻЩ飬û˼ЩǺ˵УѾûѪˣû׼ٹãҲͻʧҲһʱô죿
ЦЦ˵ô죬ҹӣǰôԺô
⻰˵꣬ҺȻˣԺ󿴲ô졣ڽζĿŵӣȫûע⵽ҺͶ̸ҳĬһ£ʵû취ֻܺͶ˵õԺȥˣҶʶģҲġ
һʼ⣬õǺܣԺһ𣬼裬÷ǾסĥӲݣǿͬˣպõعͷǣ˸ŪõǱһһ㶵ģȫͷԡ
ʹҴŻжʱּܹ״̬˵Ҳò׼ǺܿˡѰ˼ЩþŪáҳ˵⣬һ飬һֱϣ磬ϴ̷ᰳ֣֮ڹڣڣڻڳţҲҰĻˡ
ѡ˸ӣԼѵ͵˵ˣӷǳɥһ춼ûߣֻԼĴڹڣҿǸССĹӣҲЩΡû뵽ڶһŴ򿪷ţ͵ҵſڣͷŵòȻŵòᣬôһ˲䣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôﻹͦĵġ̲ס·ͺҪԶŵĶһĵĽ˼䣬˵˶ϺܣҲ򲻹ʱȥǿʲôġ
ѵõİ۾һĿңһ鶼ûУֻĬĬ˵ЩһнϣҲĹڣһˡ
Ѱ˼ţǰ˵£˵Ҳܼ򵥣ֻҪ˵׾Уһʱ벻ԹˣȥиʲôԾģҲðҸæ
˳Լ鵽ַҵǸŮ˸ҿţңһ£˰죬˭Ȼ󵭵Цһ˵С̷
ҿּ²Ů˺ܶ࣬ƺ粻ڣĵһ¾ˣԵø㲡ҽӣ֣صıŹڣ˵ɩӣ
Ȼһ£ɻң˵ո˵ʲô
ҽӴ򿪣溰һһᣬͳҵǰЩãɻĳҿһֿۣ˿šµ˵һ䣬ɩӣ
һɫǳѿ˵С̷ɱЦ
ҡҡͷԭԭ˵˳ֻȥʬżĲֻ֣˵粻֪Լˣòѣһֱš
һһ㶵ģҲţֵľǣžȻһƽģ˵һСĩˣȻ̾һĹڣ˵С̷ʱһֱ룬ҾһʲôطܺģʲôûУʣһƵģڣҺȻˡ
΢΢Щȣ˳ǳҵԤϡ̷类ڹڣʱЩˣֻǶЩȷѡͨҸղ˵Щ飬ȷԼ뷨ֻڣſӣЩ񾭲һ̷͵Ҷ˵˼仰תһ£΢΢Щ˼˵̷Ҹ㣬ĽָѾҵˣֻ̫ͻȻָĵطǽϡ
˭֪⻰һ˵꣬źȻһסͣһ¾ͳˣ˵ô֪Щģ
ҳ翴һۣʾվط֮пһۣ۾ˮɲǣֻҴææȥӡҳһԽָһĶҲסˣ۾Ҳһˮڴת
ҿӣ˳Ҳ֪һ죬ҹţʵΪĽָˣȥңû뵽һȥûлȥĵطǽǷöָ
飬һо˶ɺܶ࣬͵ļȥ;ͣϢһᣬҿһĵӣЦ˵ҪԺ󶡶۸Ҿ۸Ȼһ仰ЧЦˡҺٺٵĵ˵ͷʱžãʵﶼνģͶһҲһԵ֡
ʱҺȻһŮ˵·ߵĴ¥ϴ·ڽһ˵֡ţҾͿһͷڽ̧ͷĴţҪҳԴͷһһ룬ȻһֹܣϵŽ˵棬ˢһ²ͷԴ
һ£æ̧ͷ¥ϿȥȻͿһȴ棬һɫϷ·Ůվҿˢһعͷҿһۣһ룬ͻȻʧˡæһǻعͷȥŷҲúܵܵһṦ򣬾ʧˡ
ҼһӿʼûˡҲǴʱֱǰǸңͨӡ


걾
ӵһ쿪ʼдٹҹⱾ鿪ʼţʮţʱ128죬75֣һôдĶˣûԵĴҲһ£Ҳһ
ӵһè˷ʼڵĥм˺ܶ״ʱԼֲܼȥˣҵǻиλ֧֣ÿ쿴ŴҵĻӦҲܹĶﻹҪллҡϹ
ٹⱾ飬ʵһʼĹǸ׵׵Ĵ󱯾磬ͱС˵ͬҺٸһȥԿĻᣬÿÿеΪҲת޷ڡΪĹ̷ʼһƽͺÿ춼ܹģſŹڴ켣ƴͨһ;˶ص飬һжصԭ㣬ɢ룬Ҳܻݡ
ȻҲΪҲϲܹصС˵͵ԭ棬ʼվãһһ飬ɹҲãʧҲգԶֻһ;кܶ˳ֻ֣Ϊһ仰һͻԺܹ߶Զһûʲôһ˳ġ
ԶһЩɫĽ֣СһЭɣо仰УƾôŬܶû취ԭеòϣ˴ڡֻһǺϲɫģȻˣĿǰҲûкҲûǻ£ͺ̷ʱһճСҲϰǰܹ֪ԼĵĶ
С˵һɽʬƬΣܶѶˣʵǿп޵ģǺǰ̷ײָоиӦҲǶСʱⲿŹҵģΪĺùƬ¾
˵Ժļƻɡ
ͨдС˵Ҳʶ˺ܶˣȻٹȺûʲôڲٵģʱҲܿġҲдĶԭǰٹԺ󣬲μµĹʼǵͬ˴Ϊ⼸ͻȻҪȥɶһˣƻֻܸǳˡ
ĻŹʱῪʼֻǲдֲġ볢Щͬķ񣬱С˵һؿζ˵㻻ͣҲͬһֺڰķƫŰԼЩСů档ЩѲϲ͵飬˵ʵҿҲǺܶ࣬Ҳͬϲɱ˶ᱦ·ԻҶԺ󣬹ܳĶƻǻͱ˵С˵Щ𣬾ͺٹҲ޷һҲԭдĶŵʱ乹˼Ժû׼ҲǸĹ¡
ϢȤĻҿԼӵȺһȺ֪ͨ߿΢Ҳԣֻ΢ȽģԶҪСġԺ᲻ĥһûпǺá뿴ĻԲȡⱾĹעҳд÷ʾġϾǲշѵݣ΢ҲᷢܿĵطǺܶࡣ
˵Ҫˡڸ˵һлߵ죬͸λ֧Ѳ˹ϵġ
Ƽ飬ħûҲȥ
Ⱦǰġн˵¼ĥǰʮ飬мҲҺܶǳлϣܼ
ȻȺＸѣָġеĹ쾭ָè˺д֣Ǻб֤ġ
дȺСġָֽеʿġЩŮЩ꡷ǶǺܺõˣҲŬڰѹдãЩƼҡ
ˣԵټ:-D
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