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ݼ
ͷӵǰǭ߾ĹĹ⣬ֻзһķ˳εĹ⡣
ǵʱȴԼڳ¼ǵ̣ҾεʱѾһǰ飬˼ǣȻԼӵǭ߾ģһ·飬˿Ҳǵá
ΪѰүػصǭһĹУĹ棬ȴ澹ȻǶ벻Ķ
һ˼ţͬʱҲһıͬ췽ҹ̷һļţֲľͬ˵Ĺеһζι

߼
ĥǩԼңд֡СĹʷǡƽʼƷ

༭Ƽ
ԭϵصֵ͵ĹչֵĹأϴ½ɳϾĴİĹԴҴϵĴ½


һ Ѫ۹Ĺ


һ 
һͷĹ¡
ǽ뵽ɽĵ죬ֱͷӰһ壬Ȼ˵ˡ
һҲֻǶݵһѣΪǶ֪ĻԶ֮ǰҪΣղ֪ٱ
һˣͷӣң壬ӡ
ʱһӡĵͼڶ׼˵һλˡ
ǿʼӱóֹ߿ʼ׼˲ӿʼͷıǴʼɢͷͻķˮλ
ŵͼǰӹģĹŶ׳ȻЩŶ棬Ŀӣм٣ʱƷӶ࣬ûҲУԹҲΪһС
һŶгͬʱʼеһʱУÿһ˶Լǰһ֧ĶԼҪͰȻѻó˵ǿʵǿģڵϹļʹٺҲãʱΩľǶԹŶĸо
һİǲҵģΪĿӣһСľͻ˼ٻȥطƷҪöֻ࣬ЩʸŻԻ˵ԻΪʱҲʮֺĶһЩӳ֮ڳ֣ᵽ
ŵͼڹԳĺöʱõͼֽʱ򣬻ҲһֻǸոνֽ͸оĲһҵʱͿ϶ⶫǺʱڵĶһš㡱ʱɫǸⶫģӿ϶˵ʵֻ˵Ķ
嵱Ȼţź㣬ŨҵζҲЩ࣬Ǵӵóġ嵱ʱȻǺĶǽȥóӦòֹһǾʣ⻹ô
˻޵˼ЦЦ˵һûˡ
㲻ٶʣ֪еĹأɻľٸʵף˼˵ֻһǾûжټֵˣ㿪۰ɣҿǷ񹫵
ҲǼڳֻ֣һ򣬺ɱۣǧɽһл´ֱĽֵĳ¼ǵ̡
Ӿؿһۻ壬ȻָֻҲ޵˵ǶлԪ
ȻҲ˵ʲôǮ˶ߣҹȷȷǺ㣬ȻΪصĲֽݣȻŵͼұļǺĵΣ˿ǸӦֻһӣмңⲻῴļֵ
弸ҹҵͷӣԭƺʵϣͻһҲʮͷڵ˶Ĵ˵ֻ˵УξĴˣǲģֻԼ֪
ͷӻ˺ܳʱоƽŵͼȷĵطĴݺϽĵطҲǹء
ҲվطҲ˵ܿһĹһĹȺ˭Ĺһʱ仹ֻ֪ȥ˲
ͷӿ϶رĶĸоһʸӵĵУ˾͵
Ѿ˺ֱǶʧ棬֮һˡ
֪Ѿڵ񷶥Ȼ񷶥Ҳ˵ȷһĹҡҲʼ׼֣ӣƣͷƣ¿ӣȵȣܱõļˣȻǲͳУξˣȻ˵ֻǣǵһµأǰֻǻһ֡
׼Ĳ֮󣬵ͻȻȵȣЩԾ
СƺǺ˵ģǺ˵ģ˵ЩʲôȻҲˡ
ӣôˣ峯ﺰһ
壬񷶥Щ֣Сù˵㡣˵
ôСЩȣͷӣͷ̸˳̣üͷţȻҲӵĻ
ȥͷ̸ڵϿ˿˵
ӴӵͷȥҸ磬Ӧ׼Ӧͷӡ
˵ʵҾɽʵûıҪΪ˽ǰһ㣬˻ʮ׹̸ʲôԶ壬ͷӴӶ˳ŰҲˣкҹȥ
ⲻ񷶥ͨĹͷ˵
ѲѾһ˵
ǽģӦƣ棬춯֪ͨǣӦǣСǽȥͷӷԸСľҡ
ӵͷҵļЩţǰοɵ㣬ҽӾУӰ¿Ӷǹ治ܶԸҪ
ңҵͷϵұЩȻѿִϣ׼ȥ
ûУͷﺰһոʱͷѾԸǴ֣ÿµض
ûлء⿪ʯשȻ˵ЩСĵ㡣
ͷӵһȥм䣬ں󣬰ĵպһ˽ȥȥ֮ŷȻһֻһߣֻſŽȥͷͷգͷӣ˼һ֮ʼһͷҽظƣȱԿĹкͨĿͨ벻ԣһĹҪܷ⣬ͨӰĹʪȣʬҲ׸Ȼ뵽ͷӺͻ϶ѾȫǱ㲻ȥ⡣


ڶ Ĺ
ܳͷӺͻһֱûв͵˼ҲʲôϾǶϾ飬ͷ˵˾䣺ƿ쵽ˣѾȦˡ
ӵȫѾʪǰڵֵʱرĽµصĻƣԼϡŹֵı⻹治˸ɵĻô࣬˵µöˡ
ڲЩʱͷǰһ֮ͣȻתͷ˵һ䣺ƺͷˡ
Ȼҿվȥǰ࣬һֻҪȸոյĴһ࣬վߣոǰۣ˵֮ǰеĲһͨһƿĹӣôǾƿ֡
ȻվߣܱһֱſֽŲõ࣬һ½ǣȻطʵɽ濪ֻų¾һЩѡ
Ĺˮͷǽڣ˵
һֱ£˵ˮĻӦÿľײŶԡЩ⡣
ĹڰɽˮΪ˷ֹЩˮĹĹ뽨һˮˮĹ£ųȥͷ˵˿üͷּ˵ֻЩףĻĹĿھȫƵɽͷֻпڿĵطõģǺܲġ
ˮĵҲֻͷ˼˵ĹĿ⣬ܿˡ
òǵʱķˮʦİɣĹ϶Ҳ˵һʷʤ˵
ҲĹ˺ͷˮʦ֮й϶ˮʦ⽫ĹĿڵתĹܵĹӰܷɻڴ˿ˮʦҲݵˣĹһĺҲꡣ
ͷӹҲǺͻһû˵ǼǰߡǰȻͷ˵һ£ˮˮľͷһ޴ˮأӣվ̨ʮףˮ¹һȻĻ˹޽ĵºӣĻĹĻˮͿ˳ŵºȥٻ۵ʹˮʱҲڽĹ
̨ӵıһͨĹˣ水ͷ˵ôڵĵطӦĹβǽȥĵطӦҲǶҲŶԡ
Ϣ߽ȥܺڣȴҴƣͷӵ˼˵¾ʲô˵Уͷ˵൱з嶼Υ棬Ȼô˵ôˡ
ҵһµأ۾ûͷӺͻǰʹʱĻ˵ͷӵ۾ڵҲûʲôǰ漴ʹǺڰĻҲԳͨǰҾͲУҼκζȫߣҸӶͷӵӰҷ񣬻ƺҵľȣҵļͷ˵Сӣɵ㣬ϰ˾ͺˡ
һҶ˵˵ʱ͸ͷӣ·ʮֳĹҵֻͨǵЬڵϡɳɳȴܾΧƺһɳɳ·ǻһ
һµɹģסĵطҵǸĸǡֱͨͨҪɤųһ
ŬʹԼƽͷѾͣȻϸΧС˵ʲô
ѵͷҲˡɳɳҵɹҴҲҳϸȥǵȥʱΧȴʲôҲûУΧļžһҲޡ
ȻͷĴ۲һ飬˵Сӣѵƴ򿪣Χƺж
ӵؽƸ򿪣ͨǰµһ飬ֱĹˮأұĹڣˮһĹ⣬ˮʮƽһ˿ҲûС
ͷӼûжŷ˵ѵƹˣǸϽȥ
ҽƹˣͷߣΧûٳ֡ɳɳһ·ͨߵͨľͷȻת˶棬һһЩƷҴƷԿʲôʱĹҲԿĹǷмֵ
Ҳǻ˵ģΪǰһƬڰͿͷڶ˻ȻڶҵĶϷһ
ͷӽĹϰߣʲôĹͷֻҪĹĶڶϷһϨˣͻṧسĵطͷȻͷҲصسȥĹôƱٿһۡ
ǻ˵ģ˵УξĹأһˣ˵Ĺ˲ˣٲ뿪ͻɱ֮
¶ţֳֻ֪ɣУξǲܲ˵ܲԼһӣΪ˵ĹŴУξְһУξ𽥴ӹټߵ䣬Уξı־ֻȴûͷϼֿУξ˵̫ҪղصĽһЩҲ˵һ
һĹ⣬ҿңȷһܴĹңǽϻĲʻ棬ΪԶĹϵټĹ泱ʪЩʻܶ඼ѾˣһңȴûӰʻԣ滭źܶŴεˣǽӶ̧żƷиֽеڶǰ棬һͯͯŮ̧ϣƺҪȥ׼
ŴͯͯŮϰߣʻӦþҪȥɣ룬ͯͯŮǷǳ̵飬Ҳ֪ĹΪʲôҪһʻ


 
ǽǵĵطչޣǽڷŵģڵ룬ȻƷİҲҲһЩĹҵƣƷἯаڷţһѣһһУȴûǽڰڳһȦģһչްڳһȦ
ôô֣ʻ壬ǻͷעȴȫǽϵıڻǽڷŵչһҲ⣬Ҿ֣һڻʲôر֮ˣѵҿڻ˼
Ұչ޵˻ȥҲǽϵıڻЩڻᴩǽڣҿһȦǾȥʲôҲûҿһּȥоǽߵչޣҷչҲźܶͼһչ޺һչ޲һҶȥϸ
һûжȥͷͻȻתͷ˵ǸϽȥ
ͷӵĻû˵꣬ͻȻϨͷӵĻͻȻͣ٣ֻһչѵšɳɳ죬ȻҾ˺ѷεĺУСӣܣ
һû׹ʲô£ֻоȺĶѾԼһʱһѪζҵıڰòӣһæȥƵĿأֻûа⵽أ͸оʲôصϣʮִҵֱĵʹʧȥ֪òסƣڵϣ˫ֲʹһڶ¡
ѾͻıŪûͷԣҲ֪ǳڣǽڣԺֻǵû庰ҿ仰Ҽǲ·ֻͷܣѾû˻ͷӵҵһֱһɳɳ죬ҵţŶ˶ֻ֣һоǶžʹӿڴͳ¿ӣӡ
ֻҪͳĶ˳ȥײأҾȻҵ˶ҵĳڣҲ˲ô࣬Ҳ֪ǽķֻںڰܣײǽҲֻ֪ۣʱļߣ嵱ʱѡµأǿҶԷУ˵ںڰﲻʧβѡһΪľڹؼʱ̱
ڶԷȴһҺܿǽʱһͨҼǽԼһǱܶ˳ܣҲ֪ľʲôҲ˲ǶǷѾ׷ֻһֱҺܿҵ˰ڵĵһԵȥ
ֱҲһҾʶ˲Ծأ
Ӧ˵ӦڵŶԣӸ磬ҲߵúԶҴӵȴûҲһҲûУӺͰȻ
ʱҲע⵽ԼϺȫѪһҲһѪʱһ澵ӣҾһһԡѪޣȴû˼ȥЩĵģǻͷôˣҰȥ
ʱֻΧֳ֡ɳɳǴӵ﷢ģҾֵؿȻһغˣȻֻоײʲôϣžʲôҵԴϣһعͷȻʲôҲûп˹ȥ
ҽзġ
һǰʼҵԺ̾ţҲ֪Լôص¼ǵ̵ģ֮ʱԼڳ¼ǵ̵ϡ
ûκҴɽ飬һΪɽϵһξֻһΡ
ʵ֤ǣҿ˳үʱڲԶĵľϣһۣԱ߾˿˵үСˡ
үû˵ҼֻңЩ飬ҵԴһƬ֮Уҵһμүǳ¼ǵ̵Ļϰ壬껹ʮ˵ͷǺͺҪõѣȥϱ߽磬ǻͷģүȻҲ֪ġ
ҴվүȻүͷʵСӣֻһ˻
Ժص˵ͷүֻһֱһִĿ⿴ңȴû˵ʲôү˵ȻҲҿڣȻһҵվЩ飬үվ˵СӣԺ͸ҡ
һججصͷֱү뿪һɵվʱײһ£С˵үȥ
ŷӦǸųүȥιȥ֮󾿾ʲô¡
Ҹųүһֱ¼ǵ棬Ȼү˵Сӣ档
ү˳Ҹȥֳϳ˾֮⻹һʮͷڸϡ
ҵһμүԵЩȣүʼն˳֮תͷңСӣ˵ôӵǭ紦ģ
үôһʣҵǻͷԼҲ֪ԼôģֻС˵үҲǵˡ
ǻͷأôûһүѾüͷ
ڶĺнһѪҲȥֲĻȫڶ£Ҳ˵Ҳ֪
үȻѾͬɸһңҵļͷȻ˵Сӣ£˵ȥ֮󾿾ʲô£ͷӱˣǱȥǡ
ʱԺһƬհףľȻųүĻȻͷһʱ仹ûзӦѾȥһˣǱ棬Ѿˡ
ӻؿүĵص侲ƽһЩ֮󣬽ڴɽͳͳԭԭ˵˳Ȼ˵ֻԼ֪ģĸ˳ʲô£Ĳ֪ҽһѪҲǲͷӵġ


 
үţҲһ˿ȣ֮ȴĳ˼һ֮ʸϵǸͷ˵壬ô
ź⡣ܸɺԣϳֻıӰͷҲֻһߡ
壬ź㣬ڹԵģҲȷǴӵڳģŨĺܣҲȷǺĶү弫Ϊ𾴣Ѿǳ¼ǵĵңǶԻﶼǹġ
ԳĶδؾǿõģңټ٣˭˵үçײˣǺĶҲпǺԻ˵Ʒ˵ŵͼǸͱעģ˵ү˵š
ү˱ɫ룬ڵ˵ͷŻ˵ܾһ˵˵žͻĸоžúܷ꽹ǿү𾴣ȻǲҰ⻰˵ġ
ţʱͻȻعͷң͵ؿҵʱһһˣһĸʬ
ѾɿݵƤ֮⣬ֲ۾۾Ȼûͫףȫ۰ףȥֲ֮һ˫۾ضңұ乵ð亹ͷȻҿһۡ
ȻعͷȥٴС˵ĸͷȥĹ棿
ҵͷܿ϶˵ǣ
Ƭ̣˵ϰζûУҲûһ˵ĹأǷյģȥĹˣζմĹζ뾭µصĻƣζһӶĨģǵһȥҲӦûϴһ꣬ǲһ£Щζȫûˣ
֪ǻڻҶ˵Ļֻһ˻û֤嵱˵ѣҲǰٿĪ硣
壬Сӣڵʱͺʵ֣ҪҲѡµءʱүұ⡣
˳үĻ˵үҲڻСѣҾΣȥֻСһƽ»еζʧظɸɾ㲻𣿡
ү˵ЩΣǻ壬Ҳ֪һУʱ
ĬһȻ˵үǸĹȷ򵥣С˵ĿھȻһˮĹҶûмĿڣˮѾȫˣ棬ġ
ҴϢͳүƺ޷һĹľǻͳү˵
ת֮䳵Ѿ˳¼ҵլǶӳүȥ壬ȴһԣûзӦүͻҲƺûн⣬ֻǸǺȥ
һ·Ҷûججģֱײǰѹһ̧ͷͿ˳үͣϵĿ⣬ͷһ
Сģôˣ𣿡үһƵ˹ı
ҡͷ˵ûУܾôһƬհףƺеǲ
Դڳ˵֮û˵ֻһۣȻ˵үǽȥ˵ɣ뵽㶫֪Բԡ
үˣ΢΢Щ죬Ȼҵļ˵Сģ㲻õģûл㡣
ҵͷƽʱ˵ү˺ƣȴû뵽˺ƣһ㶼ûд嶫ҵļӡ
ȥլĿ֮󣬳үλ£ߣվڻ󣬻ȴ˵Сӣ
ҲΥڻߵ£ʱ˵ʱ򣬵һ˵СȥĵطҲЩǺϣЩ
үˣʵʲô˵
˵ʱɽʯµöˣ㱻˱ΪʯۼȺ֮һ֪ߣԻǻƵʱE֮棬Ƶ۲֮ɽó⡣
۲ţνԣϵԳӦļԾ丸ԻŮ֮䡣ʹŮ飬ǸΪˣӦ֮ԡ۴ãдΪ䡯ԭү˵
үЦ˵ǡɽصĶδʵѵ˵СȥĹǸֵ֮ĵط
ȴһ࣬˵ȻɺϣǸһеУޣ㣬үӦ֪
ôһ˵үɫҲЩȻ˵ΪʲôὨһĹʷҲûǸ
˵ʲôͻȻֻֻү绰ͷʹ˳¼ǵ̻ƹүո˵ǻѶԺл͵
壿үһʱ仹û
Ǹˣ֪ʲôԵʣһվͻȻѿڶüһͷƹˡ
үһۣûҵֻǼʵʲô
ƹĻش𣺡ѾˣҿĻһʯͷȻ£ȴǹŶԾ͸ͨһ
үʵʯͷֻͨʯͷǻأ˻
ƹش˵ˡ
ү˵Ͻȥ׷һҪҵ
ƹͷЩƣǻû˵ʲôӦˣȻү͹˵绰
үһ˵绰˵ҹţ˻ᵽȥ
үͷ˵ҵȥһˣСûУ
ҵͷ˵ʱȥģҼǵ˵ò
үͷ˵Ǿͺãǽȥ


 
ʱʼеһУҺͳүʱʱûе
үֻһˣһĻ壬ѾЩεһ֮ʲôһҲ벻
ʱ仹ûϡϡֻмͬһ絽ˣһһˣǸˡ
ڽͷţү̣ǾͿΪǰͣ߶
ʱһ˾Ͷȴǰģÿ˶һ仰ʹǿҲǸðʾ֫ԣүһȻ˵ȥ
Ҳվ˵ʵĹˣȷһʮ飬Ϊÿ˵ǰֻһ򣬶ҳ˻ԼԶ⣬ܵûںڰ֮УٺãĻһϳҲһʮѵ顣
ۿһ־Ҫͷȴûҵˣ˵ѵû
뷨ոմܽԺҾ;ü͵һƺ紵ҵıһ㣬һͷһƬڰںڰȴһӰǽߣǰûе
ҼǾгǸˣҵֱң
ү½ǣʾүҵ˼ǳǰ߹ȥȻʵҪ𣿡
šڰд˺һ˶ȻСĵʵҪʲô
ʲôүʡ
һʯͷ˵ܿ죬ҺСģƺڼɵʲô
үһʯͷѾȷǳүʣʲôһʯͷ
û˵ѶóڳүϣүںڰпĦʯͷȻ˵ðһ䣬ʯͷʲô𣿡
شȴʵܸоʲô𣿡
ү˵ܡ
㲻˵ջʯͷٴһڿǽϡ
£Ҳ֪ĸԣ˵ү
ү̧ͷңȻͷҶ˽ʯͷݸңҽӴʯͷʱ͵һʯͷһһҵЩЩӲס֪ոռϵһ
Ȼҵûӹͳү۾ֻǽϵļ͵ؾֱȻʵô
ŵĻҵȷʲôֻ˵һһ
ˣ˵ܿʲôʱĶ𣿡
ϴǺĶôʯͷźӦһĹĶŶԣ˵
ҵĻĬһ룬˵Ȼ㣬Ȼ㰡
ҲĻȻ˵ǻҪһС
Ļү˵Ǻ𣿡
ͷ˵ûסҪ򣬿Ըȥá
᲻ʲôģǳүȴѾһڴӦѾվվʱСض˵ʯͷţҵֶѾ͸ˡ
Ҳ죬ոճүѵûиоʯͷı
ɻؿүȴֳүȴҲͬɻؿң֪ȷûио
һ·ϣ˶һԵǰ棬ҺͳүҲ˵һ仰үʹ֣ȴû˵Ҿһ·һʬʬһ㣬ͷûתһΡ
߹հ˹յ߽˺ڶƶȻһЩؿһ۳үүʾû£Ҳȥ
ֻǸո߽һӣȻеһڶسҶʱ˸սʱҿͷһۣ˵һ·ϵĵһ仰
ܵͳ΢˻ƣȻǳóĬԵʡ
ǲһشͻعͷߣҿүͷ˿ңƺѯҺµԵɣԼҲ֪ںʲôֻǾüһط䣬һִĵڶ⡣
Ȼ֪ⲻǴеʯͷɢģƺܵһݷһֿ־壬
ûһǸڳү߽ȥӵľͷ˴ţȻкǽȥ
ǳªҺһ谵˵ƣǵҲǻƵģ֮ǰĻƻһ㣬Ҳûкǿףͽķ䡣
ҺͳүطһɳӣʲôûУҽŻƵĵƹ⣬ǵһοòȥʮӣ˺ݣرһ԰׵Ŀ£Ǳˮܹһز԰ףЩɲ
ȥ֮Ҳϸϸһֱĵʯͷ
һܹ⻬ʯͷ⻬þǱĥһ㡪Ǵĥ޷⻬ĳ̶ȣңֻǷʯͷһ棬һԲεͼСɾ£һȦȦĻԲ֦·ǻһ㡣
ڿͼͬʱҲһ·ʯͷģ֪ʲôʱ澹ȻҲ˺ʯͷһģһһͼ
ʮ־ȣҼæȥͼǶ˼һ㣬ô꣬֪Ϊʲôһеʯͷ˱ͼȻ֪Ǳҵ
үҵ߹ӡǣҲһҵСģӡʲôʱеģ
ҰʯͷлƵһ̯үүüͷҲףʯͷϵͼǶȥģҺһۣôҲ벻һֻգعʱʶ˽ȥЩʱˣԴӽȥ֮󣬾û˰㶯


 
ʶ㣬ҺͳүʱҲ˲ĵͼǶ߽뿴ڸʲôûпƣֻܽƵĵƹ⿴棬Ǹţ֪ڸʲô
Ҿ˵Ĺ죬Ǿô취ȴ˵ֻЩ飬ǰүϾ֣ҪҴ࣬ûκԥǰȥʵҵĻ𣿡
ûлشүƺ૵˵ʲôǾ˵ʲôȴһҲ塣үѾҵ˷Ŀأһ־ʹ˵ơ
ˣɢȥЩҲȥүʱѾߵ˵Ķ棬׼£ҿɫͻȻ䡣
˱ңҸʲôֻͷ˫ַǰүһۣҿүɫǿʣүôˣ
үüͷţҿˣȴȻҾͬһľżһ㵹ҿʱһʱסԼͲûԼ
˵ǱĨʲôһ㣬԰׵ÿ£ҿȥѾһ˵ȥһʯһ㣬ң֮ȷһʯΪҿˤڵϵʱͻȻѿȻͷ­ҳƬûѪﻹа˵ӣɢڵϵģһʯ顣
ô£̧ͷʳүүȴְϵһҿһŻɫֽȻһź㡣
ǿүһź㣬Ȼ̧۶˵
ҲһŵͼҾ˾Ȼһź㣬˵ĻôһѵǼٵģ
үתһȦӼª쳣ź֮⣬رĶүתһȦûô֣ڵˤƬ̣ȻͻȻſȥԵúܼУ뵽ʲôһ㡣
СģǸϽȥ߱ߺ˵
Ҳ֪ү뵽ʲôͻȻ㽹ҸȥʱһͷһѾʯˣѾһֶ̬ڿңҿ˫ضңǻ˵۾ûбʯͷ
ͻȻĿЩϤǲ˽Ųо󣬳үͷңСģôˣʲô쳣
ҴҴƳʯһۣͷ˵û£Ȼ͸ųү˳ȥһ·˵һ˫۾ȴӡһҵ棬߳ӵĺܳһʱҵԺĶ˫۾
үߵĺܼҼСһ·һ·صУΪүϳȻس¼լǳϵǣȻǸ˵ĽȻʾҲԡ
Ҳ׳үҪʲô˳ӵضһԣүʼû˵һ仰ڲ賿㣬ǹֵʱֱҿүȼ֪˳үͼҪ־ˣүѲҲҪźȥ
ȻҿһӰͣǵǰȴʵҪ𣿡
ܵͳƹѹүšһ˶ݳĬһͻȻ˵ǲҪˣ
ڰҿүɫ˶֮񣬵ȷֻүشҲˣ
үĻشͻȻЦЦҲѹƺڼɵʲôһ㣬Ȼ˵ûҪҲԳģҪʲô
ұΪүһźأүȴ˵СģѶ
ҽʯͷݹȥڽӴʯͷĵһоǻһ𣬶ҸоЩòȣʯͷЩȥ
Ҳû˵ʲôʯͷʵˣ˫ĦţʱͻȻҵһõʯͷĸоʱҲǱʯͷıŵˣЩòȣѵҲĸо
ʯͷĦһȻʵǴⶫ
ѾĲ򶨣ҿҲеˣ˵ӦҲһЩʯͷȴҲסĪʯͷرֻ֮Һͳүûз֣
үȴƽؿڣͿ۰ɣӣҲǽˡ
ȴûٿҿ˫ֲϵʯͷĦţƺ˼ƺԥ֮ȴʯͷ˻˵ⶫҿۣҲûмۡ
ҾȵؿųүүƺҲЩ⣬˰ѶݹȴûҪߵ˼ٴС˵Ҫµȥʯͷֵĵط֮УҪκαꡣ
ʯͷǴڳģԼҲ֪ңΩһ֪˸ոҲˣѾˡ
ǳүȴѾӦ˵ֲϴµʧ˲٣Ҫ
˳Ƭ̣˵֪ҪȥܼңҿԴһ֣ҲжȤ
үͷðʣԪγƺ
ʶ˶Ƥ˵
û˵үҲ⣬Ȼһ䣺γƺ
ĻӦ˵֡˵
үͷδ¶ʶӣ˵ãĽֵĳ¼ǵ̼
ƤһڴӦȻһڽҹĻ
һ߳үֱҵڻû׳үĳʵүʶ


 ͼ
ֻүҡҡͷ˵Ƥֵûˣ˵ڵˣûв֪ġ
ү˵ʱʮ࣬ȻҲ൱أոճүҲסƤǰȻûбֳһľȡ
ү˵ͣķߣ߱С˵СģúʯͷǼǳҪĶ
˽ʯͷ߬øЩֻһʯͷҾһʯͷһģһĻƣҵһط䡣
үҽһ·ϳү˵һ仰˺࣬Ҳڹ飬һ·ص¼լѾ賿㣬õʱ򣬷ֻһֱڿǡ
һţվʵүô
үЦ˵壬µĹȻûϹȻһź㣬Ҵ¿£ûʲôԾ͸Ͻˡ
үڻԱߣүڹ˵ˣֵʱҲǾôһ£Ȼ˵ö֣ƤҲһˡ
ֻһ˸Ų岻죬ʱŻͷһۣ˵СӣǲҪ㣬׼ȥǭ߾Ĺ￴һ飬ĹȻ˵ڣȫ
˵࣬ڳ¼լﶼȫڹȥĳˣƤԼүС¾ʲôһ㣬ʲô
˵ţѾó˻ڹԳĺӡȻƽ˷ϣҼˣϽæүһź˳Ҳϣſź㣬ͻȻڵź㲻ǴӵԳģ
˵źСĵȻڱţ϶˵ŲԳģ
ôһ˵үҲЩ죬Ҳ϶˵ѵƷ
ƷȷǺĶ彫źӡƽһ˫ֻ۰׵۾ϸرȽţүһԿţҲҳ˴Լһӵʱ䣬̧ͷȻҿı飬Ǵһ˿ɻ˵ŵͼһģһģ
źܴϣĳүʧľϣʵѵŵͼǴģ
ϸضԱźϵĵͼ֮󣬻˵ͼûǿҲ˵һ
˵ٴνԴյŵͼ棬һֱɻûͫ׵۾ǷܿΪҵ⣬ȫ۰׵ĻϹûġ
һֱڻԱߣ΢ƵĺһؽţûеͼӣȽһƵ״ҵһ˵ƣȥһͼһ㡣
壬᲻һͼڣ̲ס˵˳
ֻͷһۣһ˫ֻ۰׵۾ȥȷǿֲһֿۣϵĵͼһֵôû뵽
ү˵Ҳվ̧ͷǰ˵Сӣϸĵͼʲôͼڣ
벻ֻһ˵ᾪ˴ķӦϸع۲һģһĵͼҿͼĵһۣ;ͼǲһġ
Ǿﲻһ˵ֻʲôطԾ
Сģܿʲôͼ𣿡үҲҡ
ͼһԭʼūʱȽձ飬˺ѾʮģѾʧòֻ࣬ͼһֱš
ʵͼҪģҪߵͼڣоͼڣرǰ߸Ҫȡֱͼڲ𽥳ΪһЩȻԿߺͼڣ̴ŷҲӣܳŷΪ˵ͼȡ࣬ʼ֮
ҲǺȷϸؿ˿Щ·ƴ۸ӣȴʼһߣ֮߱£Щ֧϶ɣȻϣֿɢɸ֦辣֦ϵתƣһԲһһһһͷ­
ҿ˺ܾҲ벻⾿ʲôͼڣĬĬ֮һ˾Ÿ֦辣ѵ
ҰԼͳү˵ˣһ˵Ļ֮⣬ѾûͼڵĴڣڵǭһȴҲ˵׼
ţȻͻȻʲôһؿʵСӣ˵ĹĶҿ˼ıڻٺ˵һ㿴ģ
ҽҿıڻ˵һ飬˵ȥͼڣǭһɽ룬мϰףôܹ׼ͯͯŮģֻмͼˣҵǭһڶ࣬ͼʮֳ羴Ķ˵ĻĹ棬סҲҶ벻Ĵ
ʱҵͻȻ͵һһͼԺ𽥳ΣⲻоŸͷǴ˵е
ǹĳӣ˵ǳž͸ͷĹб˵ˣͷѵɽôߣϲˣǾ˷ַʳ֪Ϊƺʩʵֻι˳Ե
뵽ͻȻױڻΪʲôҪȥ׼һͯͯŮֻ¾ȥȼĸһʱƽֻҵƲ⣬Ҳ֪Բԡ
˵ʱţܾﲻԾҵĿһֱۼŵͼϣ˵ŵͼһģһģȥȷһģһϸһ飬ڷ֣ͬŵͼȫǲһģ
ֽӡĵͼһǶ·ãȻ˵壬ǿŵͼҲŲȷģ


ڰ 
ûдŵͼӦһŲŶԣ֮˲һģһţΪһŶԳƵĵͼ
ĻͿԽΪʲôڵǭ߾ĹһˮģҲһͷȥĻҲᷢǷֵһһģһĹҡ
ȻֻҵĲ²⣬ϾǲֻۿˣŻ֪
°õĵͼһҵļͷҷЩ˵СӣһĿͼʦôľ飬һۣ
óǻʵĿ佱˵תͷԳү˵Сܹһ˻ɺϣֻҪԼѵµصĺ֣
үҲ͵ؿ˿ң˵Сģ佱ˣȷһӣ
ԻүͣԵЩ֪룬ִٵվԣ忴ҰڳĵͼֳƬ̣Ȼ˵ĻһЩüĿˣǲֻеȥ˲֪ˡ
үͷҲ˵ѾˣƤٴӳ顣
屻լ˷ȥϢˣߺ󣬳үҵļٴ͵СģĲ
ʱҲһȻ̯ƣȴĵͼ֪ʲôʱȻʧˣԼۣĴս˿ȷûˣһۼҲû¡
Ұǿʯͷóط֣ԲͼҲûˣүʱڽӡĵͼͺҾԼƽ룬˵ʱƹ谵᲻ҵʱۣþˡ
үպãתûзҵ쳣˵СģѾլﰲź˷䣬ϢһȥƤ֡
ҵͷүһͬ˿ãȻһɻ󣬿ǻѾ˵µ֮ȻңʵүǸıʯͷ𣿡
ҵ⣬үûش˵СģȱģѾȥͻд𰸡
֪Լˣү֣µˮ©Ȼ
үһ䣺嶼Ѿˣǿʯͷʱ㱣ܣСһ㣬ҪŪ˲źãҪ˿
Ȼүҵ֣ʵĵͼ𣿡
ͼүҲǿģô˵ⲻҵĴʧʲô
үһƬհףһ£漴Ҳ˵ʲôοҵСӣûµģ㲻Ҫġ
˺ܸжүһһңһ㶼ûүļӡ
ֻһ飬Ҿͻ˵һ˫۾ƺ۾￴ʲôǱϾʱʱִ٣Ҳûпһִһ㣬ȷһǿʲôϾʱ۾Ωһ˵Ķ
ֻһϤʼվü۾ӳҵļƺںܾúܾ֮ǰҼһ˫۾һģһңĵĲһģһʶĸоͻȻЩĿ־壬ֿ־ĵ׵ĶʱըͻȻ
ҳ̾һӿ־лعֻоովһֻĻҵţѹҲѹһԼƽڴһ˯˹ȥ
ڶʱѾ󣬵¼լõʱ򣬳үͻ嶼Ѿˡ
Һүͻ壬үʳһˣȻ¼ǵ¼ǵƹ绰˵ƤѾˣʱǻ·ϣ¼ǵʱƤ־
ЩʱڳŲ¼ǵģÿγүҲڳ¼Ǵܳʱ䣬ΩһıȽϳһξҴӵǭ߾˵ǴγүһֱԱߵ˴Ĺ⾰
ЩǺĻ˵ģ˵ҵǽ˺ˣܹүϣΪĻƶ֪үǼƹܼһҪЩֻһЦ֮ȥᡣ
үǰ棬ҷŻں󣬵߽õʱҾ͸еһĿ⿴̧ͷöֱĿ⡣
ƹֻƤ֣ȻڹкڵϹ𣬵ҶƤ»һЩӡ󣬶Ƥһָ˵ĸоͷǳһһһ㣬ڶɢűϢ̲ס˸ս
ǳĹ߶ϵĨġСغ˵ţܸоͻȻĲ
ֿһۣͽĿƵ˱ĵطڼүҲûվֻƤмܣԳүͻҲֻǿ£ʼնֳһӡ
үƢûн⣬Ȼֵ̬ЩǳүҲû˵ʲôҲö˵Ҷˡ
Ÿ£ƤͿ˵ү֪µصϼƵôˣ
үûпڣȵµسүȥ
үȥƤԵЩ⣬ڹгүȥµؾȻȥ
үڰ֣˵壬βһҺһȥ
ˣƺӦܴ󣬿Щԭ򲻺ö˵ֻ˵ү¼ҵ»Ҫһִµص½ͷҾˡ
үǳ¼Ҷ磬֪үۣĸһ㣬Ĺ˵
ֵ㣬ҽžʹΪţӦү߻һͣǿʱʮܿᣬҵĵһӡȴǼϵĲɣ
ֺ˼ɵ˵Щ֪Щǳ¼ҵĽɣҿүɫҲһ䣬Ѿվ
ȴ˿˵үȥֻⳡӣ


ھ 
Ȼ쵱ǻһΪүΣ룬ҲԵػ˻ȥͷڻסⳡȻͷ㣬ɽĹʮ꣬Ҳеģ
նʱɫ糣ϲŭȴʱػҾһĹ죬ҿóʼԼ¾ûзϣǸڴңɻԼҼǵ˾ӣģΪʲôĿ֣ңҾһط䡣
ҲҲɻؿ˿ȴĿ⣬ָоģҾƺͨ۾ʲôʲôʾǺܹؼϢ
ҿ촽ƺ˵ʲôȴû˵ǽĿƵƤϡ
ʱƤԲұֲҪҳү̵˼ֻµأ֣ڰ·ܻҪһүֻµʱ¼³
·Ҫͳүһֻү˵ǰŵѾˣѵ𣿡
Ƥȴҡҡͷʵүΰ˶֣
үش𣺡ʮҡ
Ƥʣµصĺأ
үشʮˡ
ͶˣµصĲʮˣ˾ֻǴˣµ֮үӦҲ֪ҲͲᵽüˡƤ˵
ƤĻ£ڵô˼;Ҫж
ƤǰһȻ˵˶µصĺ֣ʵ˵Ҳ޷ܼҵˣүӦ֪
˵ʮǰһʱܼңүʡ
Ƥͷ˵ܼҲǵĹңֻʮǰ˵ˡ
µܼҲȤüͷѾ˷µصϢĺܣֻôܼҾȻ֪ˣ
ǾԩˣܼϴµؾѾˣֻϧֻ֮СĻˡƤ˵ſ˿ң΢΢һЦ
ҾƤ˵͵ĸоүݵĿ⽻֮ɫǺܺÿƺһֱ˱Ƶĸо
ƤͻȻһգ˵ܼûж⣬Һһ㣬Ƶһ֮޷ȥĹ档
ү˵ʵǸĹҲȥ
Ƥ˵ĹĵͼѾʲôܣǶȥĵͼҶǴӹԳģؼǣͬһڳˣүӦüˡ
ƤԽ˵ԽЩΣΪһЩҸϣÿ̧ۣܿͣϵĿ⣬·Ҿһͷһ㣡
Ƥ˵һ֣˵ȵʱѾȥǽһֻ˳
˵ֵ˵ͷǸƤĻ˷ʣȻǺò״ӳΪλҪȥ
ƤȴʣΪλҪȥ
һֱΪүҪȥǭ߾ǸĹҪȥȻǣƤ֮ͻȻʶʶ⣬ôʱ䱻Ĺ棬ֻѾˣһûۿʵϾʱұһѪʱĹǼˣûˣҲЩѪĹĸʬϵģ뵽ٲȥ
үͻ嶼ûлشƤ⣬ƤƺҲõ𰸣˵ʵÿȥĿĶһģֻΪһүǲǣ
ƤĻҲ̧ͷ˳үͻ壬ǲûоȵ飬֪Ƥ˵ʲôƤһͻȻʼգȥǸĹĿľͲһʼΪȥֻͨµء
˵һȦٴνתܼҪ˵ܼ˵Ļǲ̫˵㣬ôˣѾζˣ
ʼվûҪ뵽⵱е˼ʼնƤ˵Ļ˭Ҳ޷ٺҲʱյķҲϼƹүӦֻ
ƤĻƺ׼һ̸ѾвȣүڣܼҼҲԣһ·Ҫӳ¼ҵİţܼҵˣһ㣬һ̸
үȻƣشȴӲ˵һһ˵ǶУҲΪʲô¼Ȼֻʣүһˣҵȴ˿ûаԭ
ƤҲûʹӦܼǱѾ׶ܼȻ֪Ĳ࣬ϾһʱĴңûû˵ģҲܼҾȻΪĹΣôĹ﾿ʲôʹΣȴҪǰ
ʱͻȻо˰ַҼϣ̧ͷȴ֣׶Ƥ׼뿪ʱȴվԡ
ɢűҿ˿Ҽϵ֣ȴطֱ֣ϣһֵʮϤҸʣֻȿʵĹ￴ıڻûУ
ΪʲôҪôʣǸĹǾֻȥңĹûҵĶͳ£ҵͷ˵ֻһ
ʣûпڻЩ̧ʲô
һ濴ˣһشһͯͯŮ
ֻüͷظҵĻһͯͯ
ӣƺûпڻľݣô֪ҿǷڻү϶˵ģⲻڶͷӺͻ忴ڻ飬Ϊʲôôһڻ


ʮ 
ȷһͯͯŮƺЩš
ҵʱ϶˵һͯͯŮ
ּ˿϶ɫ֣ҿɵؿңƺ˼ĲΣҾЩĪķŭ˼һʣڻ㶼ˣ
Ҿ㵵ؿֻķڻĵּ㾪ȵı鿴ƺѾһЩֱûп˵ûпڻҲ֪ҽȥĺǽȥǲһҵȷûпϵĶΪ֮ıڻȫˣԲ㣬ֻҾһͯͯŮĻЩΣͨ
ҾȵؿȻڻѾˣôǺʲôҲһɻ첻ٶ˵ʲô˳үƤͳ˳¼ǣֻһһͷˮԭأѵڻϵ⣿
һڷ㶣үĻֻ˵Сģͳ׼׼Щ͸ŻɣһЩڵµļɡ
ҵͷлү
үֶԻ˵СĻȥһһЩҪ岻ڣЩ½ȥҲġ
ͷ˵Сӣ߰ɡ
ǸŻȥǲߵ¼ſڣֻһƻŻŵش˽ˣǳ⣺ʲôˣţ
ҲµǼ˾һֻ˵壬ȥɣ¼ǺԺ
ôˣүʱҲӳ¼ĳüͷѾ
үˣڳ¼ǺԺȥɡ˵
ӻˣ仰ʱͻȻ͵һײһǧͻȻһ㣬ҵĺʱΪ֮һͣԺһƬհףѿڶ
Ѿ¼ǺԺȥԭΪǿ϶Ѿ˲⣬һǵǶһֱĹ׷棬ȻûмӺͰǱʶѾ϶˻ͷһͻȻ˵ӻˣͻȻҵ˽ܵԿһ㣬ȲҪ֪𰸡
ҴҴ¼ǺԺԶԶľͿʯϣݵͬƤͷһ·Ҳ
˽̧ͷǿ֮ıͻȻֻᡱվʵ˭
ұͻıһͬʱԴҲ˲٣߽Щ˵ӣСİ㲻ϵ𣿡
㲻СģȴһڷϣվţǷһش󺰣㲻Сģ
ʱүͻ壬еƹƶѾ˽ӵĻһ˿©رףע⵽Ļƿҵ۹ͻȻ͹̲סһ¡
үڣӣСģôģ
ӿ˿үֿ˿ң˵үСģ
ү߽ӣ߱ʣӣСĵĻô˭
ӵһֱͣϣҿ촽ţãȴû˵һ֣ڲſڣǡ
˭үʣͬʱҵľҵţƺҪһ㡣
ǡɶ촽ȻֻͻȻͷȥҲ֪Ƕˣˣ
ͷغǶˣֻʣһˣ
ȻѾ˱ıԵӣҵı˿ûиӽүߵߣӣļͼƽȻʣôӣôģ
ү䣬ӵĿͻȻȻֹ̧ͷųү۾ãֻͳү˵үҲ֪ʱѾ⸽Ҳ֪ôġ
ȻɻɨԺһ飬ƺϤĵطҲİȻҾʵ
ʱͻȻ̾ϢһͷԸƹ˵ɢ˰ɣ﷢²Ҫ©κϢȥ
˵зôһ˵ƹѾ֪ڻɢˣԺֻʣĸˣ˵СӣӵĻ㲻÷ϡ
һ˫ֻ۰׵۾ͣҵϣҷֲڿһǿʲôҲʱͻȻ˵Сӣƺŵ
ͻĻҳһһǵҸջʱ򣬻˵ϲûһһΪ²һȴͻȻ˵Ź˲ʱ䣬ʲô״
һһ޵ٴ˵˵ֻǲؿŻ壬˵ЩΪʲô
Ȼ뿪һ˵Сӣҹȥ
ҷ壬ȽŲǺܺãոҼӣûϻǲ˽ģֻԺҲǳүİɡ
߱˵СӣҲֻͳүϵƿǽҽҵ
ЩҲŵ˵ƺҵɻ˵ûоѵȻŲԣҲͿϵè壡
廰˵ͻȻ۾ͻȻӣ˵ϵѾǹңôԶŵõôǿҵ
⻰˵Ժڻ죬ҿӵɫ˼䣬ȻЩӡ
үվؿŻ壬˵壬ǣ
ʱֻҲվıѾӸոյãͿ־һֹɫȴû˵ֻһ˿Цڳӿ𽥸


ʮһ 
ӵӣͻȻЩϤر۾ҿ۾ƺͻȻʲôôһ㣬ⶫһһͫ
龰ҵ͵һ⣬ѾԤʾ˼飬뿪ڣȴһҲɤǱʲôסһ㣬ʶĳͻȻҼᶨӵݣӣٰӡ
ȻôҶʼϲֻӵЦͻȻסɻҰ׵ɫҺͳүس˵סһ㣬ֻӵֱȥԺһ˫۾ֵ۾һ˵Ȼкһĸо
ĸоϾͱ顱һ飬ֻӵ£ڵϣѵʯ飬Ȼ˵ӣȴѾķѡ
Ωֻһ˫۾ǰģ㶵ؿա
һ˵ĳҵһֹĸоôӵӣҵһ𽥴ı䣬һֱĵףȫ̲סļƤ
Ȼȫ˻үϣҲǴؿѵ壬Ȼҿү̧ͷ˿ңŴĦ飬ƺŲ⡣
һȴȷӦҶӵ۾ڵǵ۾⣬ǵ۾ΩһûбʯͷĶ
ͳүعȻүŶ˵СģѾ˵סǸʧˡ
ʧˣһʱ仹ûзӦү˼ɣѾ
ұ˵˺һѾˤˣȻʶү˵һ˼ҵסȻ֪˵ʲô
үƺҲ棬ظһ飺ʧˣ
˵ȥ˻˵˵Ǹһжطţҳүص˹ڷڵرӺʯӣǻ˵ȱķţûҹĺۼûʲôʯӡ
үϸϸһ飬ȥ˵Ǽұ䣬Ƕ˿ûһʯӵĺۼҲ˵ʯͷѵˣʧˡ
ǳү˵ֿܣһֿ뿪ֳճү˵ǲܵģΪү뿪ʹ˵绰ڳүʲôʱĵ绰û⣬ʮ֮ڳ¼Ǿ˵ֳô̵ʱڲ˰ֳʱպá
ʳүڶֿܣү˵ڶֻֿܾ˹Լ뿪ˣ
𾪵˵ڶֿܵҲ̫˼һЩתֿӵʬ壬Ǵ»صϡ
۾ӵ֮һֱû뿪˵ȻˤƬϵȴһҲûмֻ˵һ⣡
˵ŻҪǰߵƣҸϽס壬ӵǰ뿴ӣңӵͫڿȻͫǷŴģѾһˣҽԺҾ;ﲻԾԭͫף˵ͫ׶ŴɢҲܽΪʲôǱˣȴŨҵ
ջ˵ĻǳǸˣҲһˣ˻ֻԼˣ
Ȼǰ죬ĻȴҲ̲סһսõۣȴһʣ֪ǣһΪʲôҪǧܻѵֻΪС㣬ݣ
ˣûǻлƺлҵ˼һϣӵ֪һЩһǰ£ںѾˣٴζϿӵ۾ȻЩ֪롣
үˤ֮ٴζϸоűʯӣȻڱʲôֻӵһϸģͬ˿һĸ
ǴӵģҪӵŵģ淢ֲһϸĸ롣
үӵһȫ֮󣬾Ȼϸĸһ׶೤ѪѪģ߲֮һ
ʲôҿ˴󺧣ӵ澹Ȼֶ
ȻүͻҲ֪үֻŸһˣ뱩¶ڿ֮ķǳŵһ㣬£˳үָϣȻ˳ųүָȥ
үӵⶫǻģүָƣ̳
ǻʱѾˣֻүӴһָͷѾѪһүָͷꡣ
СģүǶѾżԸҡ
Ҽûκԥүߣ߶ʮһס飬üһֻôһĹѾȥһָͷҽ֮һ˦Ҳ˲⾿ʲôֻүָͷѪðֹֹס
⾿ʲôүһ߽˿ڣһڵѰһ㼣
Ҹո˦ֻ̫·үҵʱѾûӰ
嵣ĳү˵ĹͷĶүȴ˿Ҫ
үڵɨһûҵҲֻõͷַԸ˵Сӣ㵽ưӡ
˵ʱƺҲʵĴڵϵӣˡʬ塱˵ӵʬ˰ɡ
֪˼ӱӿ϶ǼùģҲֻҸطˣֻӵǸһģһ᲻뿪֮Ҳ뿪
ֻͷЩ񶫷ҹ̷˸սѾ˵ܣҲȥ⣬ͳ˺Ժ


ʮ 
ںԺֻʮ׵·ϣͻȻеһۣôһ㣬Ұ̧һʱһһҳĸ룬֪ʲôʱѾҵΧһȦңҾȻܹڶ
ƵλãûмǴĻӦһͼֵλã
ƺǸܵҵעӣֻһͻȻչҵһֱϱأüһûҵѪ֮УҶʹ
ʧҵһعʱѾӰһ鿴˿ƣĪֵͼһ֪ĶȥǸĹòһĴ𰸡
ûн¸߻ͳүһҲ֪ô˵¿ͳүһÿοҾ͸оһ㣬رӳ֮һֱǵҵʱʵĵһ仰
˭
ȻҲ֪ΪʲôҪʣܾΡ
˵ĻƣǿӵʬʱҲǾһ󣬵Ͼڳ¼˶֪꣬ζ˼鱣ֳĬĬĬؽӵʬɨôװ˳ȥ
ү˿ڲֻһЩѪ廹ĻһЩ벻ΪⶫϾǴĹģ֪龪һҲһ
ӵͻȻ֣ͻȻʧһĲûиıµصľȴǴ˴µصжƽ˲Ӱү˿֮˳¼ǣҺͻлس¼լ
ڻȥ·ϣ˺һ֪л˵
ұһЩ⣬ΪںԺʱҸоٴλңǳϵǣ岢ûκ⣬Ǵӻóһȥһ㣬ͨڣڵطһƬ͸ָ֣պÿһס
Сӣ彫ⶫϡ
ʲôһƬҺأǰ˷׶Χε¶ˣǶƽߣɡ͸ơʽ
Լʾҿϵ֡
ҽˣ׭֣Ȼǹ׭ҲܿȻǡ֡
ǡ𾪵ؿŻ壬Ѿ֪ʲôҸȵǣ徹Ȼҡ
ǵģҪͷӵģô꣬ӵǭͰڸȴ롭˵һ˸УĻҲ֪徹ȻͷӵʦͷӾȻУξͳˣô˵Ļʲôݣ
һʱЩ֪룬Ͼת۵̫죬ѹûµصľ飬һЩʶᣬôܵö
ܿ͵˵Сӣ㲻ɻҲῴˣʱȣҲֻܴҴҽ㣬㶨ҪˣⶫΣʱ򣬿Ծһġ
ŻĻЩԾôһڽµĸоʽ飬徹Ȼʵؾͽң
ֻʵ壬µǲǡ
ȴûлشҵ⣬ֻ˵Уξǲܲ趨ĹƣУξһƺҲԴڲܲһʱ򣬿ȴҪܶ࣬Ҫ׷׷ݵܳ˵İ汾ֶҵʦңܴĶ
忴Ľһۣ˵ƽʱ͸ڻӳȴĹâСӣע⿴ö֣ܿʲô
ҽöϵ׭ִս˿ոֻǿЩ𡱣ϸһȴֲرǡ֣ܲͬ
ҷ㣬˵Ǵ׭Ǵ׭еģ׭нĺ֣ʼ̴ʼܣͳһ֮󣬶С׭УξȻǲܲöȴܵĶˣ
˻ĽȴˣΪʲôܾͻöУξȴںĩų֣ⲻìûУξ
ҽԼ˵˳ƺҲ֪ľֻ˵סܵĶͿˣΪʲôҲ֪һУξĹѵȴò˵һѵУξĲͬ
ʣʲô
彫ӸսЩǰҵĶһһ˵
˵ʮСʮС˶һţǿһֲ©ؼ£ҸʣѾһƣ˵κʶ˵رһѵֻڴöʱſԸ֪һУξммǣ
˵ض֣أĬĬص˵ͷȻӣ˵˵飬κһУξͬݱ뱣ܵýһ©ͻɱ֪֮𣿡
ǳүҲ˵𣿡ʡ
үǱȻ˵Ͳùˡش
֣صسŵ壬֪ˣ
Ȼͷ˿ң˵СӣҲῴģ
Ҳ֪⻰ʲô˼ܾûÿ˵лҿӣƺһ࣬һ䣺壬ôˣ
ûпңֻǿ˵Сӣڵ¾ˣͻһֱֱ붼Ǿ׼ޱȣ˿ģڵһӣ쳣Уκζ˶ӲҵıӣҲմζԼȴһҲŲЩۼһ̶ȣԼͻżʱҲ޲Զˡ


ʮ 
û뵽徹Ȼ˵ĻȻڽ£ȴôаŵֱǰο壬Ҳˡ
ǻҡҡͷ˵ƽˣСӣ֪ϴͷµأҪȥģȴһ㣬֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ȼ֪Ҹ֪ϴµصλþȻǻøҵģҡҡͷͬʱ룬嶼ôһˣȽҲãΪʲôҪȥ̤һˮ
˵Ϊûпź㡣
ΪǺܸӵԵɣǻȴֻ˵ôһ䣬ȻͻȻĵλڳ¼ǿ˵ܱȣͷӶͽܣӹԳһź㣬徹Ȼûм
ҲúǲǣЦ˵ʵЦ쳣Ǹʬһ㡣
ֻܵͷʾԼȷ֣˵ʱ㻹ǳ¼Ļƣڳ¼լȻ֪£Ҳû֪ġ
ʲô£ֻû岻Ե޹ʺ˵£ʵ
¼լʧһⶫһѪѪ˵ǳүĽ㡪¹̴һĹĶ˵
үĽ㣬Ҳɥ𣿡ʡ
Щǳүļ£¼ҵĽɣʵĺСģûн˼ʵôҲΪѪ񣬻ûпź㣿
ͷ˵үѪϧΪǳ¹ΩһµĶԵʱҸ׷һѪ䣬ͷǱߣȥˣӦȥģҲ㡣
˵үѪ濴أҲὫµص¸һѰѪ񣬿ȴû岢ûȫ˵࣬Ϊʲôڹϳ¼լͻȻʧԣǡûûпź㣬˵£Ǿͳˣѵֻһɺϣ
˵Ѿ˳¼լ³ҷŻסȥǻȴ˵Сӣȥ¼á
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪȥҳ¼ãһǲȥģǻȻô˵϶ɡ
ǵ˳¼ãҽõƿƵĺܿеĹûһڳһţҷŻȥȻŸֺϡ
徶ߵ﹩λǰȼȻ㣬سÿһλˣ¯תͷ˵ǿѪ͹ûбƻĺۼκ˿û£Ѫƾʧһ㡣
Щ׻ΪʲôҪ˵Щѵڻ͵ѪȻͷԺһ̱ҷʱѹͲ֪ôһôΪʲôҪ˵Ѫ
˵Ѫ񣬺ɺϵǣҲǴӵǭһĹдģ¹һҲǾֻг¹һ˻һû죬ͷʬȥˡ
ԣΪ¹̺ȥͬһĹ׻ΪʲôҪѪ£ʵ
ǻȴҡҡͷ˵ǣΪ¹̵ӵĲһ
ҷλҲһ˿ĹӦЩϵġʱ˵
˵Ļôһ˿˿۵ţҳ¼ʱ򣬾ѾĹ˹
ǿѪҲͨǽѪȾһ㣬ݳ¹̵˵ĹǳģҲΪŸȾʬңڳʱ˱ʣǿĵȻˣ棬Ҳڡ˵
ˣҾò˼飬ö˶˿ŵĵȻʧˣǶô飬ʵǺ¹λģ
ҡҡͷ˵¹̻ʱʶЩģĸͻû˵ʬͷˣٺûܰһȥˣʱƺ໰Ҫ˵ȴʲôҲ˵ֻźϺϣѪڳү
һţҾʶӵǭм伸ǧ¹һ˻ģ
뵽̧ͷŻ壬ʵѵҲͬһ㣬֪Լôģ
ͷ˵ҲɻԭӦ֪Ϊʲôү˼ᶨҪȥǭĹ棬Ϊľҵ¹ࡣ
ҵͷ˵¹̵ѾһĻô˷ıʾǾᣬŴηͬ飬δⲻ˾ΣԵɲ򵥣ҿֻǱɽ¶ˮһǶѣ
ԽԽ䣬һУҪ˶ȥһ㡣
Ȼع˵Сӣһɣ
ҵֱˣٴζ˵Щмɲ˵ˣУǸƤЩܾЩ֣˵£үҲ㣬СĲźá
ˣһһ嶣ϣ˵үջĿЩҽһЩڵµļɣȻһʱҲȫѧᣬԼĦᣬܻ
֮ǰһֱûԺǾ£ദŷ֣ʵһܺõĳͳүһûаӣƽ׽ˡ
ҷŻãϣ߱ҽһЩµصļɣرУξһеĹأرĹ;ӣڶϷһҪϨҪͷҲصسٻʬȵȡ
ЩҼͷڻرǶһһˣ˵һЩĹαѨȣЩ漰ķˮ֪ʶܶ࣬Ҳôö¶Ҳֻ˵ЩֻܿպԼѧϰᣬµĺܶ༼ɶԼģҪ̵ĻҲֻƤëΣͻˡ


ʮ ѾĻ
˵ʵеģҪģ˵˵ʮΣյģҶˣͼµ֮ǰԼϵЩ
ͻȻ֣֪䣬ҾȻһת䣬ǰһǳ¼ǵĻƣȴѾУξĴˣ仯֮죬䣬ֻҪһڵǭ飬Ҿ;رĽţһĪĽš
뵽ٴ̧ԼƣտҲʲôҲûУ֪ŵǭĹţȥƽ⡣
ʱת۹ȥվڳ¼ү棬ƤҲˣԱߡ
ﻹվˣǳүӳ¼ѡģҲµصǼһʮ˲
µصһֶѾ׼׵ʣµȥǭ߾ٲɹͺãڵǣζȽӴ󣬽ʮ˵Ķ飬ΰȫȥǭ߾Ȳ˵ĺܣм˵ҾѾͷۣߴССĵŻﲻ٣ϡ£ȻµصϢһֱĺܺãΪԷһҪӦԡ
һֱĬ˷ȥĽ飬˵ܼҵ˻ڵǭ߾ͷǷ·ȥͷһǼСĿ꣬ٱߣˮ
үͻҲͬ飬ķֶʱȴ˲ͬ
ΪֵķֶӣƤҴһ·ʣµĺͳүһ·ֻǸͷԣ˵Сӱһӣ
˵նκλأֿ˿壬ȴɼԼ˵ǲǣ
κεʣֱӿ϶˵仰˵ƽȴŲɵ˵һʼͳүͲǣǵһСǲǣ
ڹϣҲϣ߾ʹֽ˵СǵһµأණûѧᣬߣѧЩҲá
ȴֱ˵˵ɽĹҲ߹٣Ҳҵľ鼼ɽ̸СģͳүǲԸɣ
˵һۣȥƺЩ죬ҿʲôĿģңıʼղʹ˵⻰ʱҲƽ治ɫ˿
ү޻˵ֻ˫˫߶תңֻүʵСģأ
ҿү壬ֿ֣ǰңʱƺĪһƸоʲôҪͬ˵һ㣬ҹʹؿڣү壬һ·ɡ
үؿһۣҿЩʧرȥǼȻô˵үҲٷֻ˵Сľͺһӣʣµ˺һӡ
˵֮󣬳үϸذӵ˷˷֣ÿӶûʮˣ׼һЩҲֻһ֣ΪһЩǹ̲ģʣµһЩǹ֧ȶܼڵǭ߾ǱŪ
ŵò׼ǭ߾ȥͷĵطҲǭ߾ĹɫƤ˵ܼҵҲڰɫͷ
ֶǸԳΪ˱Ŀ꣬һߣСʱ֮үߣѡȳ˻𳵳תĳ
ʱ彫֮ǰĻٶһ飬˵ƤһҪЩʼվƤЩŹ֡
ҽĻˣүֶһЩлǲ·֮⣬г¼ļƣһ߸ˣĻ𳵡
һ·ҲֳװʶӣƤһ𣬶ĸһӦǳүͻҲǣȻǸǵȴû뿪ˣ߿Щܣ񱻼һ㡣
Ƥһνӣһ·ĬѾǼСʱ֮飬ҵس緹ȻƤƫƧĵطߣ˵ǰźõĳֱȥɫ
ȻڱȽƫƧĽֵͣƤǰȥ˾кʶˣȻԳ¼ǵĸ˵ǰ˾Ǳˣǲõġ
ĸǵĻƣֻµصĺ֣ЩʱҲŻ壬ҼΣƤ֣ҪҴǵŲǵ·˵Ҳһ𡣡
Ƥȴ˵˶ǵĻƣֻ£һһʲôҲиģѵ㻹Ǻǲɣ
Ƥ˵е粻÷ֻܿңʵС˵أ
֪˳үУҲ֪ƤڷֶʱҪͬУΪʲô˵磬ģҲµģں˾С
翴˿Ƥ֣Ȼз֮ģ˵ʲôû˵ֻǿһۣ촽ţʲôҲû˵Ȼƽᵽĳϣҿ˿ǣһȻƤֽҲ԰ˣ
Ƥ˸ݵλãںٺһЩȻֽŹϣƤ˵ǶϳͿˡ
ƤͷִڴϣǣֱҲˣ泵˾һOKƣԵ˾˵֣ɡ
ʱҲע⵽һʮҵˣֻܿһʼնһԣҼǵϳʱתͷЦЦĬĬؽ𶯣
ֱˣƤŻͷ˵һֱ뵥˵仰ȴҲᣬǿǷ˺ô󾢲ŰŪ˳
ʣʲôôأܵųү˵


ʮ 
ƤһۣؿƤһۣƤһ˵ͬ㽲˵ˣĲҡ
ҿ֣ǸӣҼֱǲ˼ˣȻȻԼҲһҼʼûйı飬˾дŹ֡
ִӺı﷭һţƤֽţƤֽݸ˵ȴ򿪿˵
ɻؽӹţƤֽ򿪣һļҽļŷ֣һݵһݵϣдŷԪ֣һƬ
ԪҵүүΩһˣҲ֪ҵĸĸ˭ȴһүүүүʮʱȥˣҲүүȥһ꣬ҵ˳¼ǣ֮󣬾һֱڡ
үүĵЩ棬ΪүүһͨˣҵϵƬʱӣдҲ31꣬Ҳ˵ʮǰĵ
ôүүĵҾȵʣʣұݵ濴ȥ
㿴ķƤʾҡ
ҽţƤֽŷ֣ţƤֽдšܡ֡
үүǵʱһоĳԱһصоĵ˵
ʲôʱ£ΪʲôҴ֪үүЩ꣬ҲûֻǵүүһֱһЩıҲΪʲôܵ¼ǵԭΪСҸүүҲѧһЩıԳ¼ǲơ
үүûк˵
Ϊүү˳ˣӦ˵оɢˣΪ֪ԭүүŵΪƤʱ˵
бۿ˿ƤƺҪҪ죬ƤζתͷԹԵسּ̣˵⻹ؼģؼүүһûгɻ飬֮ȴﱲ
˶ʱ˵үүûгɻ飬ֲûиĸѵүүģ
ȴ˵Ҹݵ飬үүڳɳʱǹһˣǵ߾Ͷ㣬ʱˡ
ҿ֣ͻȻӦʵǵң
ҡҡͷ˵ǵ㣬ܼҵүү
ܼңΪʲôҪүүҽ׷ᡣ
ܼҵǺϱעĹǲ˳ȴ׷ݵʮǰоǶо˶˵飬үүҲһԱ˳ŵҵ㣬ٽžͷ֣ȥǸĹ˵
ţƺһһȦǻصԭĸоܼҴӺϱעĹʼ飬תһȦǻصĹң鵽ҵͷϡ
һֺܲõĸоֵĻ޴͸¶һҴڵθУرܼҵ̣һ˵Ĺо
Ȼ˵ɻ˵ҵĵһۣ͸еһѰͬǾǸʲôͬԼҲ˵ǵ֣Ҳ˵ĻǾǺܲѰζ
ڳ¼լͻȻ˵Ļ˵ҵͻȻζЩζǴģջĻԼŲģ˵ǲģҲ޷ǿӣѵӡ
ʵҲΪһı顣
˵ˣǰţʱƤٴλعͷصغ˵СģΪ¼ǵʱΪʲô㣿
һֱΪ¼ΪҶһЩıϲңƤôʣȴЩɻƺڳ¼ǣ顣
Ƥ˵֪үүҲ˲õڳɳǻɳϾ˭֪ÿµ۵λãѰѨ붼벻ҲҲ˵ţɳϾŶ۶үҲΪʲôܼô׾ܲ鵽үүз磬ʹ˳ƺţֻҪԼ̲飬ܲ鵽ϸ
Ƥ˵Щ췽ҹ̷һ㣬үүȻ˲õҳԾޱȣ˵ܼʲôϵܼҵĵ龹Ȼ֪ϸ
Ƥȴ̳ĬȻȥ֣ʱĿ񣬲ǵ̸ֲ˵ֻҡҡͷȻС˵ʵǶܼҵˣֻԶ֧ͬʵһ
ƤҪ˵ȥͻȻֿһס죬Ƥƺܾ֣ҽ˵ô£ٴתͷȥ֧̣Լ˸衣
ƤҲܼҵˣƤ˵֧ܼͬһι϶Ӵļ壬ôһ壬뵽µжֻͼɣֲûСƤѵͿеĲѰ
һʱЩҵԺţֱеţƤֽ߬÷֨֨ҲŻعҽүүĵٿһ飬涼һЩϢȴЩϢ濴˲򵥵Ķ
ļһдţɫ
ﰵһүүǹɫˣôɺϻⰲţȥҲǰɫҲӻЩһЩϵ
һĬվѹҽүүݵֿҲʲôҲֻգװţƤֽŸոֺƤ˵Ļ
Ƥ㲻˰ɣĿġ̲סƤ
ƤתͷһЦش˵Сʱ󣬰ʱȥ˳ɳ
ˣôƤҲϾŵˣ˵ǸϾŵô


ʮ Թ
ƤȴҡͷϾǺܾǰˣڳɳĻʲôϾţЩԳ¾ŵҲԷİˣϾʵˡ
Ƥ˵ɣ˵һؼһ㣬ȴܾ鲻ԣϱû䣬ֻЩȻҲֻ΢ôһ㣬׼˲ţҶǲԼĻþȻ˵ɳǱԴϾſ֮ѾһɢɳˣҲŻһֱ㳲ȵ
ΪʲôϵЩ£һ治˽⣬Ƥôһ˵Ȥ
Ƥ˵ͺߵֲйˣƱһң˭֪ҶҶţһֻǴжĻ󣬴Ӳ¶ˣɳͲ֮ͬţƽźţʱмݽɫסӣҲ֪Ͼж붼ǶңȻŸҾӪҲƣֻƶ֮Ǹ϶ּ缸һʣǿȥڻֻһͷձԵͷܺסܶˡ
ҲǴС󣬶֪٣᳤ɳˣҳ֪¼Ļǳ¼ңĻ治֪ʵܼҲ֮һ
ƤͷʵСģĴڳ¼ǲûɣ
ҡҡͷ˵һ治֪
ƤһЦ˵֧£ܣ̿죬۶ĴһĵϵҲƵĹء
֧£ָľǳү𣿡ʡ
Ƥͷȴҡҡͷ˵ǰǣȴǣԴӳ¼ҹ֮󣬳¼ҾѾаĴ棬粻ôˡ
¼ҹ̣ǳү㣿ʡ
ǰĹˡƤ˵
벻¼ҾȻҲĴ֮һҳ¼ҹڳ¼ҾȻ˲ɳԽĵλ
Ĵ嶼ѾˣûЩЩܾһǷĴ϶ϴң̤һ˻ˮˣҪҲֻڰвǾ¶ģ֮£֧¼һϵһˡƤϸϸ˵ȻֲڵĴѲյĴ壬˲ŵ㣬ϵ¶Ѿˡ
ϸţ©ʲôҪϢʱ򣬳ϵģ˾ȻĴ岢˲ŵ㣬бµĶ٣ϵ˴򽻵ˣĴٹ̣˵ҲмԨԴҪûˣֻˡ
ϳʱֻע⵽˾һĬԵˣ˵ҲǸ˲õҾȵؿ˿ֻعͷһЦСĶүǳˡ
СĶүЩŤкֻعͷһ䣺۶үͽܣ۶үڵʱ򶼺ӡ
е۶үүүڳɳʱĳƺ
ǸĬˣתͷ֮㲻˵Ƥ˵ҲҪһͬµء
ЩȣʵǺͳүûүȻ˵һġ
ƤЦЦʾұģ˵ܼҼͬȥģүǱ߲ġ
ܼңҲܼҵˣʡ
ͷҲص˵Ҳǡ
Ƥͬҽ͵ү˵Ҫܼҵˣʵֻһܼҵıүĸġ
ҾȻ˵ǾȻƭүͻ壡
Ƥȴһͬ˵ΪܼҵǺôܼұүַ˶Ϲ˵ģⱾܼô
ֻ±ԽԽӣʵǵΪʲôҪȥǸĹ棬Ҫô֣
Ƥ¶Ϊѵɫ̽תһߣ˵Сģүү̹ʲôɻûУ
֪ڹתƻ⣬ҪشȴͻȻ˵ȥǸĹΪ֤ʵһЩ飬ҲȥѰһ
һֱڱĿ֪ʲôʱѾ۾ţƤֽùȥȻڰˣһ˵֪үүݵ˻ûж٣ݵܸ˿ˣҲǧй¶ݣүǱ߲֪֪ͬ˵
ֽţƤֽźãȻ͵ҲΪã֪ɳǱ߿ʱ޿̲ѰүүȻѾ˼ʮ꣬ϾҲѾɢˣձϾŲƶѰţС
ΪʲôҪѰүүʣƤ˵үүϾŷǳۣҲүү۶үĳƺѵмʲô϶
˵үүһµصʱ˽һȴǵʱϾŶǳӵĻүүðΣմ뿪ɳȻ˹ŵּԵ˵
ֵĻͻȻȥǭ߾ĺĹƺѾʼζǣ㣬ȥ벻ԼԼ˽ȥʶһʼȥһ˻żȻ
ô˶ȥѵҲΪȥѰүү˽صĶô
мƫƫңһδεжù֣ǲйأ
ֳã˵ҲУҲûС
ģɵĻЩֲ˴µصͼүôܲ鲻ҵ˵Ѿ֪Ļô
Ҳȥ˵ն֣ɱԽʲôУڸоһ㣬ǻүҵĺֲװģôֺƤأϾҲǵˣǵĻҲ޴ӷֱ٣ô֪˵ľһģֻߣƭҵģ


ʮ 
һ·Ϊ˼ЩԵʣҾЩججĻ㱸УҲ֪ɫѾҹɫ;ͣЪϢһЩʱ˼䷹ݽ±֮ڳ롣
м˸绰ƺǳүģŵ绰˵ʮӵӣȻǳŹ˵ү·ϳ˵£Ҫһܵɫǻϡ
£˲٣ʣʲô£
˵үǱ˵㼬ֵ£ĳүҲûж˵绹˵ү·עЩµصѾй¶˳ȥɳǱˣƺϾŵˡ
绰˼ԣĴ볤ɳϾˮˮʹµҲǸΪӪԽ׳һ
ϾŵĿĺԣΪһĹңܿܣҲΪĶܹסүһģҲС£뵽ҲүǱ߲Ҫ²źá
֪Լڰ׵ģԳүأûн˵⡣
˵ڶųĬȻƤ˵Ļг̾͵ˣǵļƻܱ䣬ʹҲȥɫȣⲻŵİ·ϣҹζࡣ
Ƥ˵еһ·ϣѾԶԼΧǳˮϺϷֻҪڵϻ˭֪
Ƥϼƣҹ·ֺǳ˾Ѿϰг̣û⣬׶֮Ϳʼ·ŸߣƤıͱ˵ʵһֱûмƤӣһЦеӣ磬һշһ㡣
⻰ȻǺ˵ģϢ©ĺÿ죬ϾǱô֪ˣ
ֳţû˵Ƥ˵ѵܼڵ۶үݵʱ©ܼҡ
ƤҪ˵ܼҵʲôϸ⻰ȴֱĿ˻ȥ˵ܼ߾û⣬©ܿܳڳ¼ңСģʱ¼ҳֹʲôѰûУ
ʲѰ£Ժһųľǻ˵ĳ¼լʧԵ飬嶣ҲҪκԥҪҪ¸˵ͻȻ˵˵¼ҹ̵ĹͿˣײĺʬ׶ߣĿǰƲľϾŵˣھ˭ͳѾɢϾţ˭Ҳ֪ʱǸ
ô˵£ȻѪʧԵϾͺͳ¼ҹĹϵһϾŵ¼ҹ̵ĹʲôѵҲǵ˳¼﹩ŵѪ
ҲӻǴ˴µصĿģǵ¼ҹ̵Ĺʲôֻ˵¼ҹȥһĹֻͻһѪǰѪȷǺܴһε㣬ҳ¼ҹ̻ôһʲôĹգ
һһǶĻǲǿ˵¼ҹµȥֻΪѪ岻øңֻ˵ǳү¼ҹ̲ŰѪ񹩷ҲȥڱѪôǰǰӵһôôһܴı
֮ʱ߳ĳĬʹƤ·Ҳһ䲻ң˶ڲ˴µص飬Ǵ˷ֻȥһ㡣
֪ǣԽǲ£˵ԽӣǾѾӵʲôĵزȴ治֪
һ·޻ɫҪʱ䣬ֲһֱ·ЪϢΣڵʱڵ˰ɫôʱĳӣÿ˶ԵúƣƤϵܼҵˣܼҵıүǡ
һʮľӣȻᣬҲͬһǲɣȻλүܹܹܼҳҲԲһ򵥵
Ϊ˱˶ĿλүڳӱȽƫƧĵضһùݣڵǵʱʱסùݣһס໥װʶӣסһ䣬ңλܼҵıүʣʱͳ˹¶һֱסܼҡ
ȻǼڱ˼ңܼүȴһ㣬ܼҶү˭֪ʵѾܼʵү
óĹκĹֻҪץһڱǰһžжϳǺĹĹ׼ޱȣûг˵
Ļôλܼұүȷ˲ãҲ֪ôѵģּɻ˵ܼųܣżµغ֣߼һ㶼벻ܼңβŻæ
˵ţƤŽ˵ºֵͷҴڷȥͺãҪȥԷ⡣
֪ܵ飬Ҳ⣬ڳһ·Щƣϴһˮ裬ȻſڴԺ˯ˡ
Ҳ֪Լ˯˶ʱ䣬֮ʱǱߵѵģԺ۾һӰڻζΪֻˣǷһ˯Ƿû˯ȣӾ˲٣벻Ծֻ˲һԣ뵽ǻһ鷿䣬ȴûһˡ
ѵҵĴۣ
ԼֹţϾʱ˯ԺҲû壬ֻǿһӰڻΣţͻȻһ紵Ҳ˸ս
ǴӴﴵģҡڣ龰ҴӴϼؼǵǽĵһ¾Ǽ鴰ǷţңѴˡ


ʮ 
˵ĻôոҿľͲǻþڷ߶Ǳҵķ
ӱһСʱ磬СһҲûУӦһͬס¥ǲܴôߵĵطȥġ
ҽ¹ϣȻã»ӷһ飬ʲôûУֻһ̧ͷڷϿһֽ
Ұֽ򿪣ŤŤдһ֣̫ƽֹг
Щɻؿֽϵ֣ٴλӷ䣬˽һովһڣҲΪֵֽġ
ҽֽϣ˭ֽŸպͻȻֽһ⣬ȻأȼҸϽֽ֣ճɻҽһء
˵ȷֻҪһ˿ֽ̫ƽֹгѵȥ
ûκεĶų͵ĿܣôģҽֻΪôһֽ
Ųôһǲ뾪ˣһȥһԵˣһʱҲңӾͲˡ
ԥãڻǾһȥȥأҲֽҳȥߣǲõġ
ҴùûһˣʱѾ쵽ƻ裬̫ѾߣܿҪ׹ȥҵһɫ֪̫ƽֹгȥǺһʿ˵˵ַ˾ȥ
ʿʻʮӾ͵ˣҸǮ³гԤЩ̫һưܶ壬ֻֽ˵Ҫȴû˵ĵַĿĵ߽ȥ޷һЩĵ̣Ҳаڵ̯ͷڴƣһȦûʲôǾһ̨Ľֵ
˼ӣһʮͷ˽ǰͣ£ùķԺ˵Сӣռҵĵضˣ
̧ͷҷڵϣһ䣺ԱŲһУҾͰһ̯Ҳռ˶ٵض
ԱŲŲǩͼȵһóȻҲ˵Сӣ㲻񱾵ˣԶ
İһǱһ㾯裬ֻǵͷȴ˵Ҳ˵ҵĿһΧͬУ±ʶ
Ҳ˵˵ҿˣ֪г̫˲ֵģҲᵽϲſš
˲Ϊʲôô壬Ȼеһ㣬ֻûйôذˣôֽΪʲô
Сӣôʱͷҡ
ҿ˿ʵҲһ˵ֻڵȷģô㣿
˵ͷҲͿϡ棬Զһ䣬˵ʵڵģҲ̸㡣
ЩؿЩ˼һЦ˵йԻƵ򽻵ҲһΪ˵·ŰɣʵѾˣȥ˻ţҪģ
ͷĻЩȣȻ׼⻰ôʲôĺ壬룬ȴʲôҲ벻
ţͻȻֵֻһͷ֪ʲôʱѾۼһȦˣΧʲôڿһʱط̾
߹ȥһһ̯棬ҿǹгķӣӺϰŵһͭÿֻһȭͷôɣ
һȦ棬һϸϸ꣬Ҳһ˰ûʲôҲŪ˿⡣
ҿͭЩͷˣƷеŶζֻͭЩ죬ǵ۾ûˡ
ҹˣĻôͭļ۸ͻۿۣңͭǹŶĹгҲ˶ǮţҲ࿴Ⱥеһۡ
Ҳҿʱ̧ͷңڿһ˫۾ʱͻȻһս
˫۾źϤҷ۾￴һӣһĨһͫ
ֻǿһ۾´Ƥŵ̯ϵһͭӣͻȻ˹ǸˣҲǰ㰲ڵϣһԣɺϵǣǵ۵ףһĨӡ
ΪԵʣҵĿ⼸һֱͣϣԴ̧ͷһ֮󣬾һֱڵϳĬţЩŪͭ
ʱͻȻһָоͭ۾ֻ²𻵵ģѹû֮еһ֣۾ڣĹõ۾ǴаĹؼҲл㾦˵
ĹͭǴĹԳģʲôĹҪû۾ͭСһԣҲĹĳá
ţֻ˵ˣһֻҪǮ
̧ͷһۣ˵һֻҪһ򣡡
˿ʵһԶǮ
ʮ򣡡
һ仰һΧʱһ󰲾˶ţƺгͷûгǮĹ棬ʵطҲӦ֪гƷĵطʹлҲֵǮԣʹûطҲǮ
һңȻ˾ը˹Ҫô߼ۣ˵վߣϻٴŷ߷߲ƽɫҲ⣬ͭ°ֿ˿ܳʱҲûʣҲٿߵߣɢɢϾֻʣһ˻վš
ֻʣһ˵ʱͻȻ̧ͷңʵҪ𣿡


ʮ ͭ
˵ȴһֻͷ֪ʱѾߣӣһͭ˿Ȼ˵ĶʹǱҲҲİɣ
һͷʵǻʲô
ͷЦһ۾ûû۾Ǵ֮լӣĹסĹɷĶǵŶȥҲлʶģ˭򣿡
ͷôһ˵ԳԾͷȻҲ֪ô࣬ͷͽ˹ؼôŨҲС쳣ʵ벻ʲôĹᰲһĹ
ͷ˵߿ˣƺѯҪһһ㡣
ȴ˵ˣĬãſ˵֪ļ𣿡
ͷʣ˵ļؿ׷ݵ飬ĩ꣬Ĵһʱо;һֻʱȴʶ쳣ͷǷ뷽跨շԼսʤ棬͸һ٣ٺΪơδ汻ں֮УҲļء
ͷ˵ȴҡҡͷ˵оʹ˶ֹȴ֪£ʤȴ̣λʮ꼴Ԫǰ1043꣬Ϊ˷ֹĶɧǽֻΪơĹһ꣬ĹͻȻһ̮˻֣̿ǽ뵽ĹȴĹѾĹ˫۱ȥʬѹʯϣ۾Ѫʯ׶Ⱦʪ˴󺧣æ򿪣ȴһ꣬ʬȴ˿͸ʱһ졣
ҳĹ֮УͻȻͣ£δʵΪʲô
˵㾰ֻǳһĹʬͿʼãĹͷһϢĶʱ֪ʬ֮ԲΪԵʣÿʳˣȴӲС㣬ΨһйϵͳǴȫëƤڳһޱȵĺҺ˷Ķŵ㣬㣬Ǳʬԭ򡣡
ţõޱȣͻȻ뵽۾ͻȻȥȴΪΣʣȴֱͷȣʵԴʱڹľϰ۵ĿľΪȥʬ
ȴûлش˵һֻǰĹְ˺ᡭ
˵ͻȻȻֹȻң֪ʲôԵͻȻֻЩŹ֣ʱע⵽ͫӣ֪ʲôʱȻѾ˫۾
ƺѾʶ˼£Ȼ㵵ؿ۾ڳɢ
ڿ۾һͬӰһӾʲôһ˿һƶĸ룬ЩѸɢӺȫֻͻȻ۾ͻ˵ƣѾԭأҷ·ֿһĻոջһˣһ̾ͱһʯˡ
ȻѾȫԭأһͬһ񣬶ѾѾʯͷ죬ɫѾԵʣϸ濴
ͷѾ˵Ķߣ˵ʵȻҲǵһμȴǵһؿʯϸڣҲɱһҵͷһμ㳡Ʋסؼгߵһʬֱӱ
ʵ֤ûУͷ翪ʼǰԭأҲһһǲɵˣǶʵ㻹ðɣ
ͷȴһʱʯĻ𳳣оʯģ
˵һͭòװ˵ݸң㽫ⶫã
ɵ㶵ذѲӹȻʵǸǸˣ
ͷȻͻȻվ˵ûû˷֣ǸϽ뿪鷳ʹˣ
˵վߣǳ෴ķҿһѾȫʯˣҲ׷ͷȥ׷Сô֪סģ
ͷ˵תͷصһЦ˵ܾˣˣҿ϶Ҫȥݷ㡣
ͷҲϸһӡҲûУͲʶЩȵʵңʶң
ͷЦЦʱѾߵ˼û˵Сʱŷ˽ŲתͷҺ˵Ѿûʱˣָ룬ҵİ취Ҳһ
ҸǾȣ뵽ڳ¼﷢ģͷԶڹô֪飬ңƺ֪ʲô˵һͫһ޵Ӹţʯǰס
˾ȥԼ۾ΪʲôԼһоûУⶫѵѾƶҵ۾𣿹ֲѾˣʵʯô£
ͷ˵ҲˣһʱҲ˵㣬ʱ䲻࣬ңҲһֱۼ㣬㾿Ǹʲô˶
ͷ˵ģҸʣȴٴ˵˵ز˾ǽжЩȥ˳һֱǰ̫ƽ֣ͭţãУҪκҵ飬Ҫ鷳
ЩؿԽɻֲ֪֪Ϳԣǻټģ


ڶʮ 
ͷ˵ͷߣպܿʧɫѾȫϾ˼һʯ˰ڷĹгʲôЧҾһŶʱըһըȻȻ󲨡
˳ߣͭЩΪߵüԵʣֻڲײá졣
ȴϾ˼ЩǵģλȥͬǽͭͷųôŲܲܺ˵ô̵ʱʵѾȥһ˰ɡ
ҿǲ񼶵֣ǿ϶ţοͭǺĶ
ˮڣҲֻһһȻȥҪ£ȻǷҲˣⲻż
ɴĻȥصùݵʱѾ˺ܾˣûд֪ʱ䣬֮صùݵʱùģֹլһ
ҾûһˣһصԼķûпƣϲǽͭҰһţ˭Ҳ֪
ҲŴ򿪵ƾͱһ־һһڴϣؿңĲʵСģȥˣ
ʵֿ֤񱯿ϲҪҼ˲һƬհ׵վԭأ㶵ؿ֡
е˵Ūþǽһ㡣
˵վǸˣȻݵȥȥĹгˣõʲôôһ
˵üͷѾƺͭζء
ҴӴԶ·״̬лָ뷴ҲסҲ͸©ͷ٣ͳѵҼر𣬾˹
˹ƺţɵؿҡ
飬һǹ˺ܴһ˵
֪ûУûȥȻ˵ҹ㣬үǱ˵绰Һ˵ȥˡ
磿ү˵ʲôүǱߵϢһӽ
֪Ǳʲô²סˣܼұүˣүǻˣǾȥ˵
ЩȣʵôֲĻа𣿡
ֳţȻ˵ǵȲôãʱѾˡ
˵꿴ңҾ㴧Ŀ⣬ҵһμʱһģһĿҲܹһʼ;ú⣬ƺһֱоңֻ˵Ѿʶһ
Ҿȵؿ֣Ȼ˵˺ͷһĻʣʲôʱ䲻ˣ
ûٻشҵĻһ澵ӣݸң˵Լ۾
ҽӹӣӶ׼ԼڿԼ۾ʱֿһҹʯ˵۾۾ǰضңҵͫͬһĨ޵ţ͵һҵ۾ʲôʱҲˣȴȻ
ۼѾʮˣʯǰס˵
ҽÿҲʯˣ
ֵͷǸĹ
ʱ˵ҲȥǸĹһЩĹ飬ͻȻֹס⣬˭ǰѲϣȥţȴʡ
һЦվ⣬ҿ˵СĶүˡ
Ҳصүˡ
ȻǸսüͷҲŽŹϣ˵ôôһǸմӶô
֪ǵ٩ֻЦЦ˵ţĿѾۼϵĲϣͻȻҾЩԾ˵Ȼһ㣬ڴϵضҲûŲֻ˵СĶүӸĹгأ
⻰˵쳣ҵʱͺ쵽˶Ѿ㳶ˣֻüԲȥڨЦ˵ɺ϶ѣɺ϶ѡ
Ȼʵעȴ˵ĻϣѹͲҵĻһ㣬ߵǰһȻʵҿԴ򿪿𣿡
һû˵־ͬҲûп澿ʲôֻǵСĶү˵һ
֪Ϊʲô˵СĶүĸ֣ҾñŤڵ٩ңȴ֪ûж⡣
ʽ򿪣óһֻͭǲſͭ;ȵس
ҾȵؿȻֻͻȻɫؿңеʵⶫǴĶģ
ոֲ˵ҴӸĹгˣʣ˲Σǿ飬Ǽʲôһ㣬ֻӲͷƤ˵ǴӸĹгġ
˵ֽͶͭƺûпʲôıҿԿҲɻʺܿ͵ú͸ոսʱһ侲һ̲ضͭȴûȥͭһ¡
ȻѾ͸ո죬ȻܹоĽţǵģǽţһͭĽţڽʲôȴ˿֪
ãƿߣ˵ⶫĻСĶүĶˣ
һӺһ̣Ա𴩵ζ治ܣƺ֪ƤҼ˿ңֿͭڶ֣ʵѵҲ֪
ֿʣܼᶨҡҡͷʵػش𣺡֪ⶫ˵ʵһǵһμ
˵һۣҿֵĪĹһţĵͻȻѣ


ڶʮһ 
ʽ˵ɽĹӦ˵ⶫû˵ҲΪϾǺܹϵˣϵڼû֪
˵ֿңһĭ˵Ҳ֪
ƺ˵ʲôҿɫҲһֱڴĦؿңЩľʲôҲû˵˵ⶫĹﱻ֮Ϊ䣬Դܳ˵㣬һꡣ
ڹг˵Ȼ˵һģһʻһתȴ˵ͭû˵ģ˵û۾ΪԷֹʬϾֻһѣĹһֻû˼Щʯͷ̳ôܹĹЧǲһã𽥾ԶֹܹʬѾûټǵá
ʽһؽҺȻ˵ʹһãҲѾʱ򼸽ʧԺĹл䣬СĶүͭҵжûдĻӦǺ䡣
ʵȷѾ˳뻯ĵزֻ˼£Ѿܹ׼ȷµֶûһ˼
ʼ˵Ȼ֣ȴľģһֹΪ׹䣬ʦʩ䣬ֹ˴ߵĳߣڵĹеȻټĹһ뿪ֺܵģͻڷ
˵ĺأ˵Ҷͭô·Ѿ䣿
˵ֻ꣬¶ɻ飬ֻٴ˵ɻǣͭȻӣȴһ
Һֶһ֪ʵʲô
˵˷ʯĹľ涼һʯףʯǰߵĹľʯ׺Ĺľһֻͨᰲһʯͷ׳ƷʯʯľԲŻƺһͰڷʯϣľͶʯһ壬ƺǻһ㣬ͷʯȡ£޷ʯףһ䣬ͻȾν׹ڷ䣬ȴûзʯҲŻ֡
һǷʯûбȡأ˵
ܣСĶүһͭķʯûȡΪѾŵʯľմȴմϷֺģƵ֮ԣֻǵֻĻǲģʮȷ˵
ͻȻһڹ򵽵ʯͷȻ󾪺һʯͷ
ҾʶԼʧֻ̬ʺֶؿңǻ֪үڹԵǿʯͷѾұܣߣǻͲ֪ϴһʯͷ
ô˵Ļ˵ͻȻֵӦǿʯͷϵˣһǵǿʯͷҵһӡǣһصӡǡ
˵ߵͷҵı﷭ŪţǣȴûǿʯͷɻؽĶ˳ûС
ѵ·϶ˣԼȻҲŵЩӰ˵Ķ֮䷭ŪţȴҲ
ʣСģʲô
һηŪűĶұ˵Ǳү˵ķʯڱģôһӾͲˣ
һ飬ҲѵǱ뵽ǸˣǵɲȷľǲͷѾȷµġ
СĶүȷűˣʡ
ҿ϶˵ȷͰڱײ㣡
᲻ȥʡ
ҾͲ֪ˣһֱڷҾԲҸΪǱ뷿Ǹʯȴܰ¸˵ֻ˵Ҳ֪ϾҺֶڷ
ʵͷȻ˵ҪƤʣϾҪĶ˵ܴпʲôҲ˵һ
ҵͷȻʾҪȥƤҼʱɿһͭЩĪɫ
ʳȥˣֲңСģȷǿʯͷǷʯ
ôһһ治϶ʲûоʯӣֻ˵ʯͷͽһ
ּ飬Ҳ׷ʣҽһ˷Żذ
װã˵ɫʺ֣㻹ûҴȥʱһʲô£໥֮ҲиӦ
ͬҲá
ǡʱҲˣһʼĶ䶼ûһ˵СĶүİˡ
ҾȥˣΪⲻ뿪һӰˣ룬Ѿһش𣺡˻ҪСĶүϸϸźãɫûмܼˣҪȥ
ӦõġҲͬ˵Ҵȥɡ
סһ䣬Ա߶һ˸ܼҼнбһ䣬ǽȥʱƤҲڣƺʲô
ҿ˵ʱȴһֻгһͷ֮䣬һؿҡڶг֣һ仰ĺ壬ǵȷټˣ
ҶͷЩҪȴͷѾȿڣӴǱүһֱ˵СĶү˰ɣСĶүˡ


ڶʮ 龪
ûмһ㣬ȻԸñ֪ڹг£Ҳֲֻᣬֻװһμʵǰγƺ
һԽܵǴްġ
ްˡҺһ
ЦЦʶˣȻֽްԵһӽܸңͭȳӣؼ⣬ֱӺͭȳӾС
Ҿƺе֣ϵ˱ǧٹ֣Цź˵ʵҲȳֻƺϰˣСĶүԺһˣʲôѾ˵ͭȳܰæģһǣ
ͭȳ⻰˵飬ҲǻҪͭչ˲źã
˵ͭȳӹһЦˬҲʶˡ
ˣȴЩ֣ǽһֱڲһذףں˵ʱҲû̧ͷҿͺҲ࣬ʣλСγƺ
ʴ𻰣ȴѾش𣺡ʯͷ
˵ʱûͣϵĶֻϵһذױصزţ⻬ɼȴĵһһëؼš
㰲նʱЩΣʳԲ˵СĶү⣬ʯͷƢµؿǴ벻ģÿο׼ʬҪ֣ʬһذ׿ܰӵͷ
ЩؿʯͷܹӵͷҪɾؼҪж򶨣ֻһ;˵ǣҵ֮
һһˣܼҵ˶ڣΩͳ¼ǵĻƣʵأ
˵ǳȥˡ
ȥˣһ綼ڣȻ֪ʲôʱȥġ
ºͳ¼ǵĻȥˣµػȱһЩ֪ⷽмҡƤ˵
ʱֻܼǼģ¼ǲ֧µصĶȻҪ¼ȥ׼ʱҲΪʲôүҪߣҶ֧ľ죬֧Ҫ¿϶ύңԳүš
Դҽ֮ӵ˶µص;ڲᣬֻпһЩ޹ؽҪ飬ްʱʱϣҺܲڣʵҺ֪Ǹڹгʯͷ˾ôˣһʯͷ˳ڹϣҲ󱻷֮󽫻ʲôľκ
뵽ʱҵͻȻ͵һʹҵֶֻʱʧȥ֪һ㣬ҾȻֱ֧ܲ۵Ĵڡ
ҵͷȥҵֻ֣ҵֱǣ֪ҵѪͣܿѪߵĸ룬һشصؾˮ̦һ㡣
ҵַʱֻͻȻؿңڲذ׵ʯͷҲͣϵĶؿңҵһ˲䣬ͻȻ᲻ذװҵͷ
ﶼǾʮϵӣҲ֪ĶǵĿ⣬Ϊԭظûжһ£ǵĿѾȫۼҵϡ
ϾȻصҵһۼʱȻûиоްȻЩȣԣֳʱ϶Ҳɢ˳⾿ȴ֪
СĶүôˣʱѾע⵽ҵ֣Ѿ˹
ҿ۾ľȣѾѪ䶯ĸ룬ͻȻ˿У𾪵ؿңĻȴһҲ˵
ҾԼϾͻһһʯͷˣȻڵˤƬ
һ˲䣬ҵ־ͻָ֪͵ѪʾȵҶ˶Լ֣Ҳȵؿ
ﰲû˿һ˲䣬˶ס˺ȫȵؿңʱɲǶһ㡣
ֹͱƣֻƤߵߣ˵߸ĵʣСĶүôˣô
Ȼسʹ˸ɫ˼ΣҿڣްѾЦſڣүô鿴СĶү֪ĻΪйء
ʵɫúܿ죬ϾʹӸոյľȻһЦ⣬˵ͻˣСҲҪǡ
ȻЩʲôǼȻʺʹްѾڲᣬҲٶ˵ʲôǶţƤҽֻ˼£ȷ޴֮˵·ЩۣǴģһ
˵ҾߣƺлҪ˵Ҽ䣬Ƥҳ֮ſһ˻ʱǡһƴվ⣬ʵСģôվ棿
Ƥˣк˸ת˷
϶Цݣ˵Ҹճطȥ
תͷƷԸ˼䣬˵ҸȥЩͬ˵
Һ䣬к£˵Сһû㣬Ҳû˵үѾ·ϣϾ͵ɫ
Ҫˣô죡ҾҼǵ֮ǰ绹˵үǻڲżСʱǾȻѾ˰ɫٶȵȷ쵽˲˼顣
үǱʵһٶȣֻ·ϵȷµˣȴǱߣԲŻһЩ˵ţ˿ң˵֮˵ֻ׬˵۷
Ȼ˵˵ȥ˰ɫĹг
ͻȻȵؿ磬ô֪ģ±һ֪ġ
Ҿȣ˵лڹг㣬ȥǵطʲôزģһô죡


ڶʮ ĻӦ
Ļ˿ûʵ˹ģֻܼѵƵûţȥתת
ƺ֪˵ѣҲ𴩣ֻ˵ȽӣԼҪСĵ㣬һʲô£Ƕ𡣡
ţ֪ˡһش
˵ͷ˵үǲǻֱͣӰŵͼȥǹҲͳ׼׼ɱëֽţʱЩһʲôҲӦһЩ
ʵôֱȥɽͷ
ͷȻʣܼҵദĻðɣ
ҵͷ˵ͦõģǶչҡ
ȷûѣһȻ˵үͻܲһ˼м䣬û¾ͺãСģĻҪЩܼҲǺģԼ̷
ֺ꣬һųȥҪܼҵ˺ϼƣȥһ˰ڷ￴ӣԺȴһ·Щ¡
ֻʱѾˣԺ˯˹ȥֻ˵ͽɽȥĹӦţȻ˯˹ȥ
ڶʱ磬ŻһѾˣ˵ǵóɽȥһΣȴǴӰɫɽģҶǸĹķλǵڵĵطӦȥŶԡ
ϴϣܼҵѾˣƤǵķ˵֮ǾͿԶˡ
֮Ϊ˼Ŀ꣬ĻѾȥƤʱҲһ
򿪣µصıƷͷƣƣǹ¿ӣӵȵȣƤĶһһóҺ֣Ȼ¼Ҳ֮Ϊ֧£ĵطŪǹҪ֪ⶫŪ
˵ǹĦһ飬ݸǣҽԣȻЩһһװı
ϣڷͣЪƬ̣ѾԶųȥ
ʱ򣬸ûʲôˣһֱףǵѾǣȥӱ㳯ķȥ
ڼһϴ绰˵ү˰ɫ֮ѾҹɽɽûźţѾ޷磬ү˵ɽǡ
ӺܿǣȻƫƧֱҲ޷ǰǷ׷״ӳӴɽѾҵǰҼǵϴǴɽһȥģȽϣʵҲ롣
ǱϱɽȥһƬƤ˵ɽĩˣվĵطǾͷ˵ֻҪɽǾѵǹҲټţΪҽȥؼǵĵΡ
ܼҵѾоɽ·һʼǾѡ˱ȽƫƧڣȻ뵽ɽͷһ·ϴްڲͣضŷλߴλã˵үǾڰɽĵطǡ
һ·裬Ǻܿ͵˰ɽԶԶѾүǴŵ񣬵ΪС绹Ƿһ֧źŵ
źŵڿһ̻ȻǾеȴѶǵȴûг̻֮˶ûгһ
ؿ˿Ȼް˵ãܳˡ
ȻʹǰȥҲţǰŷѾˣһҲޡ
ްǱϾֻ֣ϸؼΧ֮ƶϵϵĽӡңûжӦǷʲô뿪ˣǻʲôǹ˲ʰ뿪
ǻһ飬µֻһЩµصĶѾˣҪǣԶĻߵʱӦҹΪľ̿Ѿ¶ˮʪˡ
үһ߰ңµصĻ϶ǲģҲԥɽ׷ȥ
һ·ҶĥųүǾʲô飬˵ǽɽԶǸĹԶӦòΪǸĹԭ򣬿ǲǵĻʲôأ
һ·˿ûͷҲ֪֮Ѿɽɽͷ̫ѾϸߣͣϢƬ̣Щڼٷһ֧źŵ˵ɽүܹ
Һϼ£ҲǶûԣ˸տĵطٴȼһ֧źŵȻվڸߴΡ
˴ԼһӵĹ⾰ƬɽﶼһƬžǶòлӦʱ򣬴ɽ׵ķðһ֧źŵɫ̻˺ܸ߲¡
ǿ֧źŵȴɻˣ˵ү̶ǰɫͺɫźţɫһаãɫнȴðһ֧ɫģѵɽﻹ֮ˣ
ڿ֧źŵʱԿհôһӣȻع磬Щص˵ϴµõǰɫɫźŵ
⻰һʱ˶ؿңȻްͳǸϽȥ
ǻٸϵɽŵʱѾһСʱ֮£ɽŴïܣֻȷźŵĴ·λһȦȴʲôҲûз֣˵˵Ӱӡ
Լѵǻǣһ뵽壬һǰǸͻԺػطţҽסһս
һֱվߣƺоĲҵļͷʵСģû°ɣ
һ˻Լ˵û¡
˵ްѾٴηǻǾɽ̫죬ֻ³үǻ£
ȻС˵ԼСĵ㣬ƺŵ
Ҳؿ˿⣬ƺûв˵ҲȷûŵֻҵĴҵȷһֺܲõԤС


ڶʮ 
Ȼ˼·ٴΰʾСģ͸ȥʱҲɫѿʵСģ㻹ðɣ
ҵͷ뵽ֵĻ˵磬ԼҲСġ
ްͭȳӵǰ棬ںţһһ濴ͼ֪Ѿ˰ɽ˰ɽʱ򣬵ͻȻƽƽĵһֱɽһһ㣬ɽ£ǻ濴龰ҼϴΣҲûп龰һǵǲͬһط
Ǻ÷ˮͷɽ˶಻Ȼγɵƽȴķˮһ۵ľ۱һѷˮ档ްһпһŵͼˮϵĶλ
ʱͷҲ˵Ǿǰ治Զɽҵ˿ڣǵĵҲҰºʹް˵ˣҵĻްȴüͷʵɽ´˵ȴֻĹҵˮͨ
ҵͷް˼Ƭ̣ƺЩɻ󣬵û˵ʲô˵үųʲôʱĹ𣿡
Ѿڱǰţҡҡͷ˵һֵֺζһ㺺ĹζһֺǺĹζ
ŲĻôֻнȥĹҵĽṹ֪ˣް˿ң˵СĶү·ȥ֮ǰǸ
ҵͷްʻҺ־ɽɽת˺ܴһȦȴҲеؼǵǴĵ
תһȦûУʿ˵ⶼǳûĺۼпĺۼ
ҲǾȣȴҲ˲ʻɵڵǸλֲȣڣȴ˵һ㣬ûеƾʧһ
龰ްɫѾȫ˵һ·Ҳûүǣûôֻȥ
δ䣬ֻͭȳѾ˹ƺΧһͭȳ˵ǸʵģƺǸտģǳүǴġ
ˣϽͭȳȥȻڶһٶ׵ĵطһȷʵǸڵģȴûзŷˣҵҲûκιµĺۼһʲôûС
èӽȥ˿˶ʧ棬ԼĪһ˵濪úƺѾͨˣʯשǽڣӦþĹǽڡ
ްţȴѾ˵ӦþǳүǴˣΪʲôǾȥˣ
ް˵ȻеĻǿԴȥǳүǿģ
˵ţƤѾԸŻưµصĶһһóްҲȥֻ˵ĻŸ硣
պÿݵһȥһŽȥм䣬ǰֺƤ绹ͭȳӣްǰͷڣǴͷƽȥȻȥһ֮󣬾Ĺҵǽڣ˵һģһ
ĹҵǽѾͨˣԱ߶ʯשҲպùһ˽ȥҽȥ֮ŷ֣ʵҲˮֻͨĵطϴνǰխķλѾһ˸ߵˮˡ
ˮͷѶͷӣȻѾ棬ްǼûκԥͳֱߣһ˵ĽŲˮصţˮİȣһĿֲ
ˮһֺܲõĸоϴεӰһ뵽¾Щ١
˴Լʮ׵ӣͻȻֻ˳ʲô
ʵģһֻͣʵͷˮǽڣŵƹ⣬ҿǽϹһĻҾ;
ˮǽֻһһǶʯϣӶѾʯֱ󣬺Ʊһ㣬۾۾λһͭһûˣһƬհס
ܼҵ˶ϵðҵľعͷң˵ǰϴγºʧˣȴ벻
˵Ѿ˵ȥΪŰģѾʶϨһ̾ʲô£İӶ⣬ôͷӶѾ׶༪١
ǲûͣƺѾĹ龰ްǶСģѾǹʱ׼ӦͻȻֵ
߹ʯʱһرһҵƽ룬ƺоڿңȻ۾λѾˡ
Ҳ֪ǲҵĴֻǵƹͶӰҸоƺ˶ҼǵŶǽڵģ߹ߵʱȴһЩǴŹЦݣһȺˡ
龰ҲͣŰʯڿͣ£ʵСģôˣ
磬ðƺŲЩλã˵ҽͷƶ׼
ܲûע⿴ҼҡҡͷҵĻҲѾתͷ˿ʯɫҲһ䣬ҵһϿȵı飬ֻ˵֣ողǱô
ҿȥȻֲ֪ʲôʱѾ̧ƺҪһ㣬Ҹողûע⿴Ҳ֪־ǱŻģȻô˵ôͿ϶١
ҵĵһӦϸضȷûжʱҿͻȻһȣŵˣȻЦ


ڶʮ ˮʬӰ
ǻǷӦֻʯͻȻƣЩϸСƹᴩȫȻʯӾʹһ䣬ⰲˮ졣
һз̫ͻȻһûдӸոյĹ龳ǽϾֻʣһӡ
һѣҲžѹ˵߰ɣﲻ˾
ĬĬصͷҲһеαʯͷģǾֿƻ龰ȴۿΣԼв֮¡
Ǻܿ͵ˮľͷҼеһģһһˮϷԱһĹһֱͨҡ
ôǵķλӦĹ棬Ĺȷͬͷ˵ǰ죬ĿˮϵķǷŵġ
龰ްƺѾ׼ǲûж˵ʲôֻڵˮرߵʱ򣬴ްǣҶСĵ㣬ķˮѾˣ˵ġ
ްĻһ֧նʱͽǴҲҳ϶ͷճӣȴطֳһȦڵš
һǵһĹʱӶһ̶ˮƴȥˮƽһ㣬ˮҲǸɵģûˮȥ
ô
ҽͷգǳһֱ쵽ĵطͷƵĹ򲻵ߣҿڸĺڰгڵš
ҽϵȡ򿪣ȻǿҵĹ˹ȥͻȻǿ֧Ŀⶼۼ˹ֿڣСģʲôôǿĹⲻ¾Ķ𣡡
˵ҪƸˣҲôӦһƾͨ͡һ˳֮УｦһˮȻ󻺻ȥǿҵĹ⽫ˮһƬԵһƬۡ
ˮʲôͻȻ˺˵ţһǿѾˮϡ
ŻȥƣҿˮһƬƬӰЩӰӣȴʯпͬһӡ
ƳȥҿˮյľһһڹУԿˮһŵĺӰˮεţȻ˵ģңƵĵƹ͸ˮϾһƬӰ˿˴Ŀģ
Ƴĺܿ죬ΪˮԵʹܿʧȥĹ޷ˮӣǷһ۹⣬ûޱȡ
ˮеӰÿһ˶ͭȳһֱش򣬿ȴʲôܲܽһȥֻΪ֤ʵǾӰж
ͭȳӣտˮص棬ƺожڶʱͻȻ
˵ͭȳѾƴ˹ȥƴȥһ˲䣬ֻһˮǾͿһѸٵǱˮ档
Ƕúܿ죬ת˲֮ѾûӰֻһȦȦĲصؼţشҶУȷˮжˡ
ˮ˵ĹҲ׸ߣƵûκεȱڣǸ޷ȥֻ߿ŸżӵжҲûףرҪʲôΣˡ
ڳӱͣ˺ܾãһֱǶܲһֱˮɣǵ˽ͷˮ涼ѾΪһƬƽҲûǶӰӣܾܲɵţǶܲһӡ
ǴްٴСģ˵ȥĹͷҪҿҶѾϣֻƤѾҼ֮䣬ҳʲô⣬ʯͷˮһԲؿһ˶ͷ
ֿҿʯͷĿ⣬˵㲻õڵֻķݶ
˵Ĳӣû˵ֻǶ࿴һʯͷ˾ͺʯͷһӲһ·ϣһû˵һ仰
˳Ĺһֱߣܿ͵˶ңһ·Ҷϸע·棬ϴΪҼеĶһֱ˶ҵſڣȴʲôҲû
ҾǶͷҲ˿Ҳޣ·Ҵûнһ㡣
ȻڿҶϷ֮ǰ뷨߽һ۾Ϳ˶Ϸһ֧ȼ˲ȻͣΨһ֤˽Ķ
ǣȼյģǵģ΢źһ㣬ҲΪһ֧Եȼһ֮òȼôһ㣬ǵϴ뿪ʱѾϨˣ
ô˭ȼ򣬶ǽͬһطʱȼζʲôҿҡҷĻ棬ƺʱٴϨȻһһǰ顣
˼ţԺ澹Ȼһңھþòƽ
֮⣬һжеչǽڵܱߣǽҲǳ¾ɵЩıڻҵһο龰һģһ
ֽͷƶ׼ǽϵıڻҼһֱڿͯͯŮ׼һԼҲչȥ˿شսˣǹ߱Ƚؿ֮Ҳŷ֣ͷʲôͯͯŮϡĹţ
һ֮ԻῴһͯͯŮΪ⹫ŵʵ̫Сˣ֪ή£ʲôϰף׼ϡĹţ
ּҿɻ˵ϴεȷˣͯͯŮҾ˵ôͯͯŮ
Ǿ仰˵ĺСƺֹֻһţ˵ѾŲӿһҸſȥϴֻ׼һףܹȫһ顣
תȥһڻ滭һ֦ҶïĴո·ϵȺѾĹŷ棬ƺڹǡ


ڶʮ ʯ
ҿú棬ѸһڻϿȥֻڻòͬѾûˣ϶һһʱҲŷȻǿģ֪Ѿ˶ٸͷ
ҿͷԵıڻٽ¿ʱȴһǽһƬհףҼǵϴбڻģѵֻôʱѾȫȥ
ǰȥһǽڣǽںܱǼӲʯͷҵȥʱȴеһĶʱҲŷǽھȻǳʪġ
뿪ڸˣͿǽƺʲôڶϡɳɳ
⡰ɳɳǰ࣬ҵѸٵؽҾؿǽЩȻǴ淢ģҸӹǣǽǵչƺͻȻܵǣһ㣬ػζϾ͵ڵϣզƬ
չˤ飬װŵĪҺһأһԲĶչ׷׹ҿһЩ⾹Ȼ˵һɲͻȻΪʲô۾ûˡ
Щ۾һأɳɳԽԽת֮䣬ֻǽڶѾ״һʯǸһǽ֣ҿڶ
龰ްѾ뿪
һԭط㶣ֽ͵һҸӳȥһɲǣҿһشصĸӹڵϵ۾ֻգ۵ĹĴָС۾ͱô󣬶ë׵ؾǳĸ
ǳĹϵʱȴطˮˮ֪ʲôʱѾѾ͵ͨڡ
ĹһͷѾվʯˣȥǲˣҿֳЩʯ˿ǹȴ˿ãѣֻȥԽңôӦĹңľڵĵطˡ
Щʯ˵ٶƺܵĳԼƶĲ죬ҿǽϳʯۼڶʰϵ򣬵ֻǴҴһƳͽ뵽˸Ĺ֮С
Ĺҵǽ϶ʯˣƫƫʱҵľĵҵ۾Ҹож䶯𽥿ǰĶľĸоֻ֣Ǳ鲼ҵȫʹҵĲ
һҵͻȻһֻҵĸ첲Ѿǽϵʯ˸ץסǼ״ңʯ˵ӲأǸۿʯѾӵͻȻʯ˵ͷ­ͻȻӲϵƬ
ģؿʯͷվʯͷ˵ϵذ׷ź⡣
ٴѹʱһƬڰǹİ
Ŷ˶壬ȴӳһʹҲʱԱߴһˣ
İɳƣҾؿĵطʵ˭
ʯͷ˵
һ£ʣģ
ʯͷߵ߷ң˵Ҳ֪ġ
ҾȣȻһǶʣҴģ
šһȻ˵ʧȥ֪֮Ϊ˵ұһʯͷˣȴûУ˵ֻǻԹȥˣûʯ
˵Ĺҳ˶ҸûĹңĹľͷ·ߣʯͷ˶סǣҳˮһֱǣʱްǲʶһ壬Ϊ˽ʧͣްʯͷҳȥԿ·
˵ʱΪʲôʯͷҳ֣ʯͷȴûлش𣬳Ĭ˺ܾ֮ʵ֪
ҵͷǵ֮ʯͷǻش𣺡֪
ʯͷ˵Ϊ㽻˲ġ
Ϊʲôɻôʯͷֵˣ
Ҳ֪Ҳܼҵıүʣһ·̸ֻܼҵĻơ˵
ʵʯͷ
ʯͷȴ˵ʯͷҲҵһƺֻܼҵ˲֪˲֪ġ
ΪʲôҪðɻƣǸð㣿ʡ
ʯͷȻһ˵ˣÿҪһ˵ҾȻϰ˵֮ǰĳĬĵصš
Ϊ㡣˵
һ˵Ӧ֪үүڳɳ֮Ϊ۶үɣҲ֪үүҲһƺ
ʲôƺʡ
С̫үʯͷ˵Ȼ˵үүܼ̫үǰֵܣүүܹ֮ƽܶʱܼ̫үڰд㣬ɳǱô鲻үүټ
үүС̫үЩ죬ҵļүүͳȥҺڣʱţҲûðһѾܾˣȴֺܼҳǧ˿Ƶĸϵ
ʯͷȴ˵㣬Ҳǰܼҵˣ̫үﱲз֣Ȼշ룬ȴܼҵСүܼҵﱲֵֻܣҲΪʲôܼҵ˶СĶүԵʡ
ԭô˵ҺʯͷǱֵˣȻǲûκεѪԵϵ
˵Ļأʡ
ǳĬʯͷĬĺܳһ飺ȥˣ
ʯͷ˵Ҳ֪ǵұߵʱˮѾûأˮƺжǵһʧˮֻŻߣȵˮڵʱѾˣҴˮȥʱȴˣҲܳȥΣգǾˮصΣȻǾ͵
ҾȵʯͷҲ̫ˣҾȻһҲǵá
ҵ󲻾þֻ˹ȥûй⣬ǵĵҲȫˡʯͷ˵
Ϣһ˺࣬վ˵ôǿ˳·ȥǡ


ڶʮ ʧɢ
ʯͷȴشĺܿ죺ԡ
Ϊʲôʡ
ΪҲ֪·ֻ֪ʯͷ˵˵ԵʱĴߣкܶڣҲ֪Ǵһҽġ
ʯͷôһ˵ҸʲôҲǵã˵Ҳ֪
ʯͷû˵ʲôƺѾ֪𰸣ֻʵϴʧһ£㻹ǵȥ𣿡
ٴλش𣺡Ҳ֪
ʯͷ㲻˵ˣҿط֪Լһ˽ǣȻϹһΧţʯڣҺƽ˳ʯһֱҵľٶʯͷ˵ӦһĹҡ
˳ǽû߼ײһӲĶϣһһˣһʯˡ
ҶʯѾǱʶĿ־壬ʱŵþһȻѸ˳ӡ
ʯͷҵľѸʵôˣ
˵һʯͷˣڶְɣ
ʯͷȻѾطһ飬˵滹кüʮ񲻻ᶯӦòǶ
ʯͷô˵ҲŰһĻʯͷذ׾Ȼ˷Ըʯͷ˵ͷҲʵΰʯͷ˵ͷģ
ʯͷ˵㿴ʯͷʵֻǼӲѣɸʬȻӲǹнϴֻǱӷ㡣
ʯͷ˵Ĳûбһ£Ȼһʯͷ
뵽ʯͷ֣ͻȻʶʲôһԼıȴϵİѾˣҾʵҵİأ
ʯͷһݹ˵
ҽӹڰͷеͲ򣬴ȵȣҷֻǲ֪Щˮܲá
˺ܶˮҰѵͲᶯأȻˣϲֵͲطҵĸȴһɹɵĺ⣬ӽŵһֱڵͷƤ
ҿģǺҼһģһǸңһؿǽϵıڻ
Ҿһʯվţ˿Ȼͷʯͷôֻˣ
龰ʯͷҲһ㶣˵ҼǵǴνȥģôֵ
˵ҽֵͲ̧ߣĹҶЩȻһһ飬е֣һּİϤĸоһֵֺĸо
ĲúҳʱһģһֻĪضʮʯˣЩʯǽڶվÿʯ˵Ľ¶һֻչޣչޣ뵽˳һشظ򣬾Ȼǰȥ
ʱʯͷͻȻСģıڻһ
ʯͷĻҿǽϵıڻȻ滭ĲǹĻ棬ҲûǿòҴ½ڻһ飬潲ľȻҽĹ¡Ĺ¡
ΪʲôҪһ¿棬ȴѲʽֻйزɣţҲһͭرע⿴˱ڻ۾ǲ֪ΪɺϻʲôԵʣպ۾λˣһƬհס
ǺĹΪʲôҪһڻ֮ǰǸıڻʲôϵұŲѾѿڶʯͷ
ʯͷƺҲûпҼüͷ˵֮ǰζž֣Ǻֲǣڿ⡣
ʯͷ˵Ŵӿڴóһҿ˾ȻǺӡˮιȻûʪ
ֽʯͷߴ򿪱˵ҹ濴ӡܺʵѹˮҲû¡
ݵͼҿһǽֵ棬һ𿴣濴ʲô
ҿʯͷָڵͼϱȻţ߱Ȼ˵ͼģѵĹǽģͱڻʲôϵ
֪ʯͷ˵Ƕıڻʯͷŵֻһź㣬˵ͼţһģһţĹ᲻ǶԳƵģ㿴Һ֮ǰǼһģһ
ʯͷתŵͼƺŵͼĸоͼϷ£֪ڿʲôŪһͻȻͣסָŵͼϷֲĵط˵Ĳ·ͨȥġ
һʼʯͷ˵кܶ·ڣô˵ֱӴһ·ڷߵһ˵Ĳ·ڣô˵ӦһȫԳƵĹǸأ
ΪͼϵıעڵĲǲһģһ˶ʲôûУһ˶ȴһ֪ͨͨδ
ô˵Ļôһ·ӦֱͨһĹĲŶԣֵͲһȦңȴûС
ˣЩ·һ𣬺͵ͼϵıעһʯͷ˵
ʯͷĻͻȻһֵֺĸоָоת˲ţֻĪĸоЩ̤ʵ
ʯͷҷ㶣漴Ҳ˵Ҵһ飬˵ûоЩ֣ĸоȴ˵һҴţͼҳڲͬ
ʯͷִһңŲӣ˼Լ⣬ʱ䣬ϸ˿ǽϵıڻǣ濴۾û˿۾
һ˫Ϥģҿε۾ͫͬһܲӰƺڽ۾
һ˫۾ҸеͻȻžĶȻ֮ˡɳɳ
÷һƺ˲ϸɳϵĽŲһ㣬Ҿ㵵ؿһǽڣǴ淢ġ
ͻңԽԽ󣬾ʯ߶š


ڶʮ ʯ۾
ʯͷѾʯڱߣҲѾǴ洫ģذףҿѾذȥǽڡ
Ҳ֪ʯͷذ̫ǽڱ⣬ҿӲǽھȻһӣҾͿһشë׵Ķ˳
ë׵ĶһѾʯͷ˹ȥⶫȫ͵һ䣬ⶫϼĸ롣
ǻЩʯͷذһӣЩͱжϣڵϡ
ֲ֪ĸǿǼģǳϵǣĸڵϾȫʧȥٶһ¡
Щȵؿʯͷֻذ״ӻȥðͷĸ˻ȥʯͷذʯôһһë׵ʹʯ˳
۾ҿĸѸص۾Сͫӣʯͷ˵۾һģһ
ʱҲ֪Щʯ˵۾ȥ˵ĻĹʯ񲻶ǻ˱ɵģ
ʯͷҲƺȴʯľȻһֻ۾һۣһͷ˿ʯˣѵʯΪ۾
ȻҶ룬ƺʲôңҸожѾҵͷϣץץͷֻоͷһʲôҰյǰȻһ
ҵţ̾ϸһҵָžȥҼ˸ϽӵֽűϾôһ㣬Ѿм˽ȥ˳Ѫܽ뵽ҵ
ҷӦҵͻȻסһȴʯͷֻذ˳ȥķôһǿۣȥĸ봥ذ׾ʧȥ˻˳Ѫ˳
ʱѪһֶǣѪڵϣ˸ĸ볯ʱҲŷһֵЩֻǳʯͷȴһҲûУʯµĸ붼ûһմϡ
ҽֵͲĹ⣬ҿͷʯë׵ĸ룬ҾЩʲôȻڶ
ʯͷһѣʾߣҲʱҿԭʯͷͻȻһ۾֪ʲôʱѾ˳ҸӾȵǣЩʯͷڱ˵ӣԭͬʯͷһļڱ⻬
Щʯͷ˻ˣҴһȫǳڱܵķӦص˶ҲŷӦ
ʯͷȴЩֻߣ˵أóЩ
ҵһֱţʯͷôһ˵̰˳ʯͷ˵ģһóߵĸʱһȦٿ
ԭôҾ뵽һص⣬ǻ˽¸ҵģ˶֪ʯͷô֪ģ
뵽Ҳͣʯͷоͣʯͷͷһۣ˱ɫȻ˵Сģٲ߾ˣĶˣ
ʯͷ˵ʲôȻҲ֪ʲôҵĻǶô£ʱͻȻ޴ƺʯڶѵҸͷʯͷȴٵ˵ͷ
ȻҾ޴ġɳɳ죬βҵʯͷĻһͷֻǽʯͷһ·񱼣˶ңҲ߶ʮһ·ĵطܣҿʯͷصһƺҳ⣬ں浲š
ֵǣһ˶ңġɳɳûˣ˺ԶֱͣͣʱҲע⿴⣬Ҿȵط֣ǾȻֻصˮԣǰˮء
㾰£Ȼ˿ʯͷһֺܹĿڿҡ
֪ΪʲôұʯͷĿ⿴һ£ָ֮ǰɫֻ˵СģԼѵ֪Ǵˮܳģ
˵ʯͷָָˮʯͷôһ˵ԼȴˣҸոֻһ·ܣûܵΣʯͷôһ˵ҲŷֻصԭأҾǶôĲ˼顣
Ѿٴλָӣˮ˵Ĺ£е鶼ûзһ㡣
ؿطأȥ
Сģ˵һ£ȥʱʯͷͻȻʣҼĿһֱҵϣĿþǺһͬҵһμǰ
Īش˸սԺһ飬ǼȴڵȻֹֻġɳɳٻ룬֮⣬ʲôҲǵá
Ҳǵˡ֪Ϊʲô˵⻰ʱЩ飬ȻЩС
ʯͷôĿ⿴ңƺжһ٣û˵ʲôǰߣȻֻصôһʲôΣǽȥܲҵްǡ
͸ʲôǸǰߣʯͷûٽңֱĹߣЩ⣬˵һ·
·ҵʱҲͣһ棬Ҿǣ澹Ȼֱģʯϵıڻǽڱϵչ޶ûһ
ҿľ󣬼͵һ䣬ƺʲôͷԺһʲôȴһҲץס
ҡҡͷʯͷѾ߹ȥһΣҸϽתͷȥɾһ˲䣬ͻȻоҵʯʲôһҲͷٿһۣǵҽֵͲսȥʱȴʲôҲûУЩ鲻Խ߽ȥȷҿǽжǻġ


ڶʮ ɻ
̤һ˲䣬ҵͻȻʲôסһ˫ѾѸסҵͣţȴһ֣ͱʵʵһ
СģңƤʱҶƤʮ΢Ȼ˵ɿк
ҵͷȻƤɿҵ֣ʱҲŷһֱǽϣҿѪǾȵسôˣ
ҾѹƤֵ˵ֵͲĹ⣬˵Ȱѵˣ
ҽֵͲĹʱͻȻʯͷСģ
ƤȴһסҵͣҲתͷһҶС˵ҵģӦ
ʯͷһûӦѾ˽Ҳ֪Ƥ«ʲôҩǿӲѣǱҲס˺һ
ʯͷڶſڶվţҺƤס˺վһûжųȥˮǱߵķȥˣʱһƤȴд֣Ҳ֪ڼɵʲôϸرĵּ
Ȼʯͷȥ֮ٴ˻ڶſڴʱ̣ܶȻҾʮĲӣڳˮǱ߷ɱȥ
ʱƤһ˳ǽڻڵϣҷʵû°ɣ
ƤɺСʱû£
ԺһŵʺţΪʲôֻƤһ棬أҪʯͷ
ʣƤѾ˵ǲǳ¼ǵĻơ
˵ҵ棬Ҵ㽫ֵͲ򿪣ȴƤֹ˵ᾪĶ
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ƤʬǴˮ︡ģˮ˶ǵ٣Ҳ˵ֻ˵ǱĶȥˡ
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Ƥ˵󿴵ĳ棬ʯͷͭȳǴνˮ
ƤĻֻøɻʯͷΪʲôҪȥΪʲôҪƭң
ҵĴԾһŽһûһ⣬ֻ߬ų¼ǵ㶷Ƥһ˵ëһ׷ǵúϼһȥˮҹţˮĹҲ˵һ
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뵽ҴͻȻһƬȻʣ˵֪ĹΪʲôڰɽˣֻڣĹɽף
˵ĻһʼǾʹˣΪѾĹͷȴֻڣȻôĹĿڵȷ˷ˮõλãˮûл
ҵĻƤҲһĴȣԼϵվҵСģԽתԽˣ
Ϊѵν뵽Ȳ˵жܲһǱףˮĹľ¥ôߣֲˮ˶ԱܲһˮǱ뵽ˮȥɡ
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Ҹȥ̽лҵĹͷĶƺҴȥӦûʲô⣬үүСͽϰˮĻ˵ǲһһڹó
ƤȻƤȴĥңҲһȥðգ˶ȥһҲ໥Ӧš
Ȼ˵ãҺӶȥ֮ǰһǵϵˣȴڰ֣˵СģôͻȻСϱһģ
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ҺƤǱ˺þãһۿҪףˮؾһ޵׾һ㣬һ·ڿҲûһƤҴƣʾȥҿҲֻˣǾͺƤϸ
ǻûȥһףˮͻȻһڶĶϸⶫѾסƤĽףİϣҼ˸ϽȥƤⶫĺܽͲɿ
ֻǱȥͼѲסƤ׵ĶŵƤĽλãⶫȴһסҵ֣ʱҲŷ⾹ȻǸˡ


ʮ 
ʮִҺƤһֱˮȥҺƤѾޣҵֵͲҲˣʱˮһƬڰҺѾǺ˺üˮҿƤҲֻ࣬˰ˮϡ
ֱҾԼʱȫ͵һɣͺͱҾҵؿǺȥˮȳ࣬Ҹоְѹҵؿڣҿ˿Ȼʯͷ
ʯͷңû£ȥƤƤΪˣҪһЩѾ˹ȥʯͷһؿڣҲ˹϶ҴһطˮرϣԴԲԶ﷢ġ
ƤҲѹ֮ʯͷڿƵԱߣһԲ˿ң˵һΪ㱻Ƕٳֵˮһͷȥˡ
һЩɳƣþһóζҸող
Ҳ֪ô˵ܲ˵ҺƤܲΣԶɣ
ʯͷԼƺҲ֪ԭǱ㲻ٶʣǶһЩվڰ߽ȥҲ֪Ҫȥվԭһؿתͷ˵ҪҵĹ
ҾʯͷΪʲô֪ĵΣҿƺʮϤڲЩʱתͷƤƤҲѾվҵҰڰʾû£Ÿʯͷ߽ȥ
ߵԱߵʱҲſ壬ƾȻǴһ˵ϵģѾȥҼǳ¼ǵĻƣκһµء
һμ˳¼ǻƵʬ壬Խ϶үһǳʲô£Ĺ﾿ʲôŹ֣ȴһ˼ҲûУƤʬ壬ǶоôһѿƴʬϽʯͷҲû˵ʲôȥֻǰĬĬش·
Ҹ󣬿ĳ޵ĺ⣬ذףһֱذƺھĹͻȻֵĽ
ˮһܴĿռ䣬ҵкܶˮգ˵֮ǰҲ֪ǳүǻһˣֻ˶ǡ
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ʱƤͱͱңȻʾҿʯͷ֣ѭʾķ򿴹ȥȵط֣ʯͷذ׵ֱϣһһͼͼ˵ڷʯϿͼһģһ
ʱʯͷͻȻعͷƺҺƤ˽ıǰδı䣬ɱɫҲ˸սĹ֮ʯͷһһ׽͸ȻҶҲϤ
ˮرһʯһĵط߾ķĹڶ쵽ɽƤÿգҿĹǽǸ
ľʲôҸֱ治ʯͷƺѾЩ񣬸ûзϣֻǰߡ
Ҿطɭ˲Զȥ̨ףʯͷһԲţҺƤȴԽԽ飬ʯͷ⾿Ҫȥʲôط
ĹʯͷɫģӦЩͷˣʯͷԼҲ˵ˣһĹҽԼ޵ĺ֪ʶԺٵعһ飬ȴûнĹĻʵۻ߷ĹƣѾռɽ壬
ţͻȻϤġɳɳһOO@@ĹţϸʯͷͻȻͣ£һһվţϸԴ
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Ƥ̽ƹˣĹһƬڰǴҳվţϸġɳɳڻţƺŲһ
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СģܣͻȻʯͷ͵ԣҵĶ˵ұһҶ֪һԵġ
ҷӦѾ͵һѣҲʱͻȻϸġɳɳͻȻʲôұһңܸоʯͷҵʲô
ʯͷҲغһһŸոպʯͷٵҪͷ˳Ĺܣ
֪ΪʲôȻҶʯͷһ㲻ϤɹڶĻŲɣƴĹܣġɳɳһ̲Ҳ˲ƤôˣΪҸоûиĹֻҺʯͷĴ
ֱҸоһŷ쳣ȣңҵͷѾⶫʪζϴڶһѪһζ
ʯͷѪҵԺʱֻһͷͣ󺰵ʯͷˣ
ʯͷȴǰһƣܸеʲô׷ǣѾеȷڳǴ
û£ʯͷ̵˵š
ʯͷ˵߼ĹˣҽϣҲ֪²ֻҽҲ˲ôˡ


ʮһ 
ҵٶһѾеĹǽں͵ʲô䶯ţЩ䶯ĶҵĽױȥһֻȫļƤ񶼷һشźս
ҸеЩѾϣǱʯͷذ׼ն䣬ϻ䣬һֱߣʱʱҲȥⶫʵ֤ͦõġ
Ҳ֪ƴ˶೤ʱ䣬Ҳ֪˶֮ͻȻȻ˾Ƕˣ
ȻҾһӵнŲҲи߰㶫ˮһĶ˹һɹɵȳζ̲סҪ³һҵѾʪ˴롣
ȴ˲ЩҳЩ˺˭
һȺﾪسүСĵ
˺ү־ϲѵ˳үǣҸӦǣʯͷȴһѣȻҶٴС˵ǵñ˵Ƥ
Щתͷ֪ʯͷΪҪһ˲Ѿ˵˿ƣĹٴҿү廹ƶڣֻĹǱѪȾһ㣬ҺʯͷȫȾʪѪˡ
үЦ˵Сû¾ͺã
үǽɽʧҾһֱڵǣڿûһϾͷ˲ԾҲʶΪʲôʯͷҪ˵Ƥ£ΪҿƤڶ鵱УЦӯӯؿҡ
ҾȵŴִͣӶ߳ʯͷңȻԳү˵Сû¾ͺãǻϽȥǲɼĸˮʣĲˣ
ˮ֣֪ոǳʲôˣȻǸʬˮоθһڣҲ̲סŻΪûнʳ³ȫǻˮּӸҴߴ˵ˮⶫҪȻҲ
˺һͣ£ڼ䣬һݵϢҺЩˣүŷԸеĻƼǰ
͵͵һƤҷҲڿң֪ôģͻȻúÿһ˶˹죬ԽԽ͸ٿʯͷѾٴλ˶۵ĵطһزذףոյ²ûзǲʶһ
ҸųүĶſƼĹߣүߣʼնû˵һ仰ǿԿ鶼ţƺĵʮϤһ㡣
үƺ֪ҵɻ󣬸һЩһ˫۾ʬϵģȻܿ˫۾ȷʵѾȫˡ
˳ٴδĹңƤڣȱ˴ްͭȳӡ֣Ҳ֪ǷѾ˲⣬ǿǵӣƺ鲢򵥡
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һ·ﲻ֪˭˵һ䣺ܼҵĻأ
ͷʯͷܼҵˣ뿴ʯͷλãȻѾûʯͷӰɻɨһ飬ȷʵڡ
忴һĹͻȻڣȵȣЩԾ
ٴͣüƴƽӵ浽ڶһһ˸͸˼Ȼ̧ͷĹ˳ĵطȥȴڶһһ
˭ѵҾ
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ҿɫ쳣ȻͻȻһɢ
Ҳԥ˿ףվͻȻһһˮʹӿͷӿ˳һûӦѾ⣬ߵˣ
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ϾĹ֣弸ûκԥͷԸ飺ߣڶһбĳˮڣԳȥ
һûŲӣ͸еȱһⲻãһһľˮͷ̦һĶһشصҵСϡ
ҰȣⶫѾεʸҵСϣͿȥһƤһʬ̦ˮʬ̦
ʬ̦ǳϵ̦ȴһ̦ͬΪϣֱʬ嶼Գһ߰׹ǲŰݣʬ̦ǿֻҪĻУüʮ궼һӿôʬ̦ôĹ浹жʬſôʬ̦
ʱֻͨ¡һһʹӿ˳ҿУһʬ壬ȫѾʬ̦һѾˡ
ʬ壬ͻȻʧʯͷ
Ҳϵʬ̦ȥʬ壬ӿˮһʬ̦Ҳһ磬һȻ˫סʬ壬סʬʱҲסңͬʱҵĶСģôⲻʯͷ
ѾסʯͷҶһȷʯͷȴҲʮϤˡ磡
һͻȻɿʬ֣ؿʬ壬ʮֵѿʬȫѾʬ̦Щʬ̦Ǵһ㣬ë׵ľһëԳէһΪ
Ҹӿֲ۾ֻһشصʬ̦۾ͷһҲٿ˵ʲôȴе͵һ̧ۣһҵѾ˺ƣʬ̦ٶʮֿ죬ܿѾҵ壬Ѿʼ


ʮ 
Ҽ˾ȥΣʬ̦Ժܺãһûϣȴһĵۣ۵ᶼ˳
ʱֻͻȻ͵ҵôһһʬ̦ҵ˳ﻩѪ˳ѪʪҵƣȻ˳ֱˮ
Ѫһˮʱеʬ̦£˹ƺʳͬʱҿʬ͵һ鴤ƺҪվһ㡣
ѾģѵҪթʬƤһѾγǹ
ƤҪǹֻһ֪ĶĺܽһߵֲߵĶߵӣȴкܶţҶͷϳаӳĴ֡
ⶫһ֣ʱҿѾͳ˸سⶫķǹⶫٶȴʮֿ죬뿪壬Ƭ̾͵ĹԵʯڣûѾʧ˿ˣҰ·סȽţⶫߣԸ
ˮϵشӿۿҪûűǲҵ׷·סȽţĹߣЩʬ̦Ĺﶼǣ˳ˮһֱȥ
ĵѪѾֹסһĵۣ·סȽţʬ̦˳ֻ·ȥǣ߱߰ǣһҲ߳˺Զ
һ·ȴ˿ҲûпڶҲͷ˿ȴʬһֱǣҾ֣ˮָֻʬ滹ڱˮƯߣѲթʬ˲ɣ
ȻҲ쳣һͣʬҲͣˮͷһϵʬ̦ۿɼٶţ˳ˮƮ
ֹһǵһμȻǰҲĻ˵թʬǾûۼڼˣ⻹Щ£ҵѾɤۣһӴӵϵȻӰɥʬһ׷ǿҧ
ĳûг֣ԭһţҶʬǱˮġ
ĹˮԽԽ࣬ܲţҲʬ徿ʲôаǰߣһָǶ֮ǰһʼձ׵ľ룬Զ첻
ԽͷߣˮԽСˮҲӽűЬףԿĹΪԼоĹ˺ܳʱ䣬Ĺˮȴû˿ӣȥ
˺óʱ䣬ʬʼնǣһͷ˼Σʬ岢Ʈģڲס䶯Ÿǰ嶯һ㡣
סʱָоʱҾ˵˵ӦúܽӲŶԣʱûж룬ڻȴƺΣʱԺһ˼ͷԼòܣͣͷʬ塣
һͣҲͣҳʬ߹ȥΪҲˣѾ׷׼ʬȴԭһʬԶӣ·ŵȥʬ壬ܸ·ָоеشҵ
һģһ˲˼ĳ̶ȡûаӲĹƺѾܽһ㡣
߽Ҳ޵Ҷȥֻ촽ţҾȵؿ磬Ȼš
˵ʲôʵǽ֮䣬һҲתͷһ绹ţ
ҵĻѾߣ촽һֱźϺϣǾǲ֪˵ʲôӿȥǹΪѾˣϾѾӣҺھʲôĸܣֻѾľˣЩʬ̦Ѿֵͷ
˵桯ڻ忪ڡ
棿ѵ˵Ǹ©ˮĿǴģѵв˳ˮ嵽棿
˵ţֻүѾǹͷ­
үǹָͷϣ˵ӣˣ
үĻһʱû˵ȷڵ˹ȴһֽѣү۶ӵͷ­ȴûѪͷֻһɭɭĺڶ
촽ֹͣźϣȴ񷢸һʼҿӴСعĶţƺʲôͷͣ䶯š
ҷӦֻͷ­ǹһɭɭĶĴָСȴʹ߷ߵĶһģһһֻûһֻѾͷðͷ⾰ҳһѲȫĶ
ȻЩOO@@һ̾ѾһѣţҲ֪һֻԭѣѾױһЩĳѨ
վһЩүʬǡ顱ǹﴫһֵЩ˲ɳߵȻϤġɳɳ
Щܵǹľţ׷ĴҴܣɢһ֮¾ۼֻĹǽϣֻǰߵֻﶨؿǣƺģΪҲ֪⾿ʲô
ֻǽϣһֻڻһһ˫۾εضǣǿóȼյŭֻǽԾĹƮˮʬ̦׷ÿһȦƺ亦ⶫ
ӣѾȫͳǹѾЯʯҷ˳ʯҷʯңǴӦĹͷӵģȴó


ʮ Ϯ
¼ǵĻƽʯҷһӽˮȻøǹڿڴϣˮһʯҷ۾Ϳʼʯˮҵðһˮ
߼ǰҵһƺǷŭӤĿһ
¼ǵĻ½СʯʬԣȻǹˣʱʬͱڵʯˮʴòӣϵʬ̦Ҳ죬شϡ
ЩոշĽҲ첻٣ǸѾ˵ԶǴȴһֱڻעǣһһĹ
Ǳӱˣⶫʵ̫ڹ죬ѣⶫһĿ֮ĹȻôʬ̦ôҲӦвĽߣҿķֳٶȣȷˣһʬϰǧĶٶȵķһ˼£
ʬ̦Ͳסʯˮ׷ƮĹϣѾȥĹΣǽںͱڶϣһƬһ㳯ǹ
ǻ֪ⶫǿʲôطҲ֮津϶ѾûóҪЩһţ
Ǿڳ¼ǵĻװʱֻͻȻǽϼٳ˹վǰ棬ĿȴңװĻƣֻǹ죬Ƕ˸գûлôһˣֻͷϵĴ־һֱһǻƵ۾ʱĹﶼƵĲҽУҼһĻһֱĹߵٶȷǳ죬ؽֳѸǽڼԾţص˦ţȻȥ˶֮⡣
Ǹʹ֮󣬾ֱͦͦص˵ϣѪۿԴԴϵѪζ˸ʬ̦£ԶշĽҲڴ׷״ǽ
ǴŵʯѾʣ޼ЩʸǽߣʯҸͲʹߵ̫࣬ǹҲһ򣬸˶ãҿߣ֮ԶԶֹڴˡ
Ϊҿߴ̴ָĻƵȥȫĹǱڻһȫ̱һ飬ǵȵȶѾʧӰ٣ȴڳ鶯ţƺŲ壬ΪͷѾûеԵʣֻһس鴤ţֻͷΩһӲĲ֣ѲҲƣ
ֹ龰ڳ˶һľԴƵĻ߿϶Ҳɱ磬Ȼѣĵطȴûƻһ˵ŻѾЩķ軰Ѿŵȫˣ
߻ڶǻţȴʱǾʱĹıڶϴһġˡƺʲôûʯ塣
ˣҵĵһӦ⻰ѿڶҾһñڶĲ˶ǽߵͬ飬ôǾǸܵУӸǲܵ£
ԽߵעҲͻȻ߼Ծ׿⣬ĵطһҾȻжһ͵ȵ档
ڶϡˡûԽԽ죬ѾʯӴȻڶϵʯͻȻŲһڶĿӣžаɫĽߴЩȴȫѾģϳأĹһɫҺӶϿ
Ȼҿһ˴ԾȻʯͷ
ʯͷʬ̦ͽߵİɫҺ壬Ǹı飬еذڿ˸űĹ⡣
ʯͷһ֣εĽٴһ׷ˣʯͷһ۵Ѿ̱һĻƣԥߵߣذ׸ĺҿϸСɫĽѴӻƵ˿ڴʯͷñ˵ʯҹȥ˶Ǿܷ
ҿʣʯͷոȥˣ
ʯͷ˿ڶش˵һˮǽˮͨǺһˮԴǾ徿ʱҲ֪Щʬ̦ͽӦþǴһˮԴġ
Ը¼ǵĻƽʯƵȻٰˮȥ߲ѺƵʬ嶼һˡ
ҷʯͷȷͬ˵ĹﻹûµĶ߼ôɵҺܿѾûټҶʯͷʲôԭǿ
ҿͳүҲڴʯͷʯͷȴȻҲ֪ǲȥ⣬ɻǴ
ʯͷʯͷܼҵĻƣ
ʯͷʵҺദʱ߹ңֻ߹ң˲֪Ҳʡ
ûв죬ҿʯͷͷȴûпڻش𣬻ʯͷͷȴ˵ȴ죬ƺ
ܼĹ¼֧Ҳ£ֻǿܻ岻ǵðˡʯͷɻǱ
ʯͷ˵ʱ̧ͷı飬ȴ俴ƤҿƤ޵Ц⣬Ҳ֪Цʲô⸱鿴ŹŹ֮۾ʼնʯͷĵطڿʱҲע⵽ƤʮָɾҲûʬ̦ĺۼ
龰ҾʱҿƤͻȻңҶú۶ۿϣȴ˿رܣǸӹЦЦҼһð亹Ҳٿ۾𴦡
ʯͷĻش֪Ųţ֮ûʣȻó˵ͼк˵СģӦŶԣ


ʮ 
ǰȥΪһǸ߹ҵԼڵĵζ㲻ô֪ڻ
Ҳһͼͷֻŵͼ֮ǰĺϵĲһһ۾Ϳǵķλڣ
ҷֻŵͼȻһߵ״Ĵֺβһ𣬾һԲһΧһԲȦԲȦСĽߣһͨ
ҿŵͼһ˲䣬Ŀͼ˽ߵ͸ΪҾھΪʲôԼҲԭ򣬾Ϳͼһһֺܹ龰
ҰԼͻһ˵ָŵͼϵ·˵ȻĹӦþΧΧĽߵ壬ôھӦڴֺβ͵ν֮˵ĻѾԶˣҲͿԿ϶Ĺһ·
оʸϣĹֱ൱׼ȷĻһ˶û飬ֿ˿ͼЩССĽΧһһͨһԹһһ۾ͿЩͨ룬СĽΧһ״Ϊ̫СԵʣҸͿ
ǲǷùľĵطָŵͼʡ
Ҳ֪ûлشңֻ̧ۿ˿ңȻ˵Сӣǲط
ҾȻΪλ˵ǻ岻˵ãһ˵ĸоָо֣ͻȻһң˲Щ
忴ҵֱ仯ҵļͷҺȻع㲻˵ʲôҲŷ֣ôʱ䣬ûڲԻȽţǲôʱġ
ҿȽŵʱϵʬ̦شѾȥѪҺʬⶫܲס
˵ҲŻܻȫǸ漣ҲߣҿʱͻȻúС˵ȽȥĹҿľͻ֪ΪʲôѾȴԻţ
⻰Ҳֻ˸ţһķʽ˵ǲñұ㲻˵ŻߣүԱߣ¼ǵĻΧȻ˸ʯͷǰ棬ĹͷѾ˾ԵȨģүӲ˵˵һһ˵Ƕ
һһֵܼҵˣʯͷֺƤľͷһԵø룬үͻҲǵһԴҲǸĹ·ˣûйĽ
ҲŻ壬ҵֱػţҾȵط֣Ȼҵֱд֣
ҵĿ֪ΪŻʲôԵʣϸŻֱдŵ֣ȻܽÿֶǻҪҵģһȫ˳ЩֵĴ˼ǡﲻȫ
ﲻȫ
Ҳָ֪һ棬£ҲֳܱһľȻߺ£Ҳ۾һ۳үүҲҵͷʶΪʲô¼ǵĻҪǺܼҵ˸ѵǻڻǣ
彫ϢҺֱдһ仰ҵѾ̲ס˵ĺʯͷҵľȻһ˼仰˵ĹڿƤʬ壬һĲƤ
ƤǹЦݣͷƤסһʲôȻһƤһģһ˳֡
ӣֱڣҶȷǸӻһˣڣͬһλĳǰģթʬǶƤǼٵģ
ԼһҪ򾲣ڵ΢ʱҲʱ¶ţȻ˲඼˳ôҲӦ֪ƤѾǱƤ˰ɡ
Щ帴ֱд˵仰仰ЩͷΪ仰ǰ仰ûаϵ仰˵ɳǱߵѾ·ϣܿҲǳĹġ
ǻ˵ҼѾ˴лһУһǣҸӵǻͬ˵ȴ֪⾿Ϊʲôҵֱд仰֮дĸ֡Сģ
ǻʾ𣬻˵б˼ͻȻһпʼãȻӽ뵽Ĺͷ֮һĹѾԺˡ
ֱдֵĹѾ˺ԶǰѾ˲·Ĺ򣬶ͣȴжϸôĹȥ
ͼϲûĲ·ȴ֪Ѿߵ˽ߴֺβνӵĵطһǴβȥһȥĹͷ·
·ȴ֪һǽȥĹͷĹҷĹȻڶһʵˮȻҲͬʱĹʽȥһĹˮȴûаʬ̦
ҲΪʲôʱҿִӶͷ˿ͨȻңСģ֪֪ΪʲôЩʬ̦ȻϣȴûУ
ҿ϶֪ʣΪʲô
ȴ˵ˣǿĹ֪ʲô˵ֻ˵һµĻţʣȴѾȿڣ֪
ҡҡͷңӦСжϣ
ҲͷƺֵͬҵĴһƬհף֪ĹһҲûУȴ˵СӣѡǶ㣡
ҾûǶäĿΣҿĹ˼ãָһɣ


ʮ ʧ֤
ʵԼҲ֪ΪʲôҪѡȻ֪ôϹµɣҲҾϹµġ
ǶȴҵѡŲɣһָѡĹ˵ˣ
ֿңԱߣܿʲôŹӶͷߵǰͷңΪһѡһ
Ϊʲô˵ܼ򵥣ûʬ̦ʬ̦ϲʪĵطùľĵطصĵطʺʬ̦ʬ̦һӦͨĹͷȥġ
ҲеܾﲻԣﲻԣûаͷֳֻܱĬּҲ˵ΪԼѡˣֲ˵ѡһỳɡ
Щжֻǻҵζ˲˼ĳ̶ȣηҾúҵѡһˣǽ޷ֲĴ
Ĺ֮ǰߵһģһҲ֪˶ԶͻȻڽŵײȵһӲӲĶⶫڽµĸоʮԣҽסͣŲţһСľ飬ȴź죬Ұȵط⾹Ȼǳ¼Ǳ־ݵƣ
Ҹ𾪵֡ģ
ŵģҵ֣ҵƣ
ڿԼֵʱҵĴԾˣҴؿƣȷϴµصʱ򶪵ģʱǾֻڴĶңڲ֪˶ٵľ룬ƾȻεģ
֮ȵĲֹһˣ˶һֺܹĿڿңҾԼǸһ
ʱңõͶ᲻ὫӽˮȻˮ嵽ұΩһֵܳĿʡ
ʵ֤ǲܵ£ΪǼԶĵطֿҵıһֱϵģֱεڵʱû뿪ҵ壬ڣͰȻƵĲԶ
ҵһط䣬ҵĴԼѾȫֹͣתʧ˻һǰѱʰľطĶ򣬾ӣ¿ӡ
һĶҴӱóĹֱҵڱﴥһĶҲ͵ػعҰⶫóȻڰɫùﶪʧķʯ
ⶫôܵˣԺ˼⣬ô˼ȴҲ޷ҵеĹҷŪʯͷ˼ȴҲ档
ʱĶͻȻһתͷȥָովŵĵطȻһݣվļƼѾûϥǡ
ҷҵҲ³һʱ伸ĹѾһĵطԽľԽ죬ҲҶֺҺվʯڱߣʱץǽڶѸٳȥ
Ͼͷ˲ԾҲʱҲŷǽҲˮϸ˿ĹıڶϾȻˮףˮʹԴԴϵץŵǽҲ𽥱ҵָѾǶǽͷ
Ѳѡ˵طһߵͷ
ʱҵȴڱǽץһӲĶҲΪץⶫҲʱסԼԼȥ
˵ȴòȥֻǵѾûһ³Ӳ˼ǣĹǽںͱڶȼ֮һţȥǲȥҲᱻ׹ıڶѹ
ڶǿᣬˮʯĹˮʯɵģ˵
ʱͬ˵ˮʯص㣬˵ˮʯˮͻڻϡһĶվͻԽԽӲǲΪʲôĹôˮˮأΪĹܿܶˮʯģΪľǷֹ˽ƻ
һ廹˵ĹĹǽϿ϶һǿᣬˮʯڽ⣬ǿͻҪҪǱǿҪǣǿˮųЩ㹻ˮʯȵԭȵӲȣͻһĹȥ˾ͻᱻĹ档
ĻҲŻȻΪʲô֮ǰǽʱխͿɵˮΪʲôǶǽͷֻѾйˣ˵ĻôĹǽӦ÷źܶǿᣬһˮʯһǿᣬĹͿѭãֹһһߣͷοˮȴ⣬ĹͷӦһͻأȻˮ
뵽ʱԺͻȻһ绮ˮѾˮʯôʱ䣬Ϊʲôƫƫǵڽ⣬һҵ˱ʯҼƵʱǼӲʯͷѵΪʯ
ŷʯһץǽͷĶ˾ȻЩΣĻôǷ˴˾Ǹ壬ȴ˽ȥĹ˭οԼĶ
Ŷ˶ӣӲһ͸еŵʲôڶһֹһƺкܶ࣬ʱֲҶˣҿˣִֻϡͷקһʬ壬弸ǰ׹ǣͷǰˡ
ͷиʬ壬ҿ½½ʬ屻ϡǲЩʬϣӾȻ½½ҿֽʬһ𣬾ȻľһĶȻⶫܲסһ˵أȴҲ˶ݽȥʬȻѾߣģֵҲѾ߹
Ҳģֵӽŵʬ壬Ȼ߹ȥٳţҵٶȺѾ˶ĺͷʯͷңҸмؿȴû˵


ʮ ʬٸ
뿪ԭذ׵ʱͻȻһֻվŵλãǽͨһ󣬵ңҲ
һʯˣҸոӦֱۣҲΪԵʣ˳صȴˣڿʱǱ׺䶥һ㽩ԭء
ֻоһһըףԴһˡ죬ʯ˵۾ؿңҲؿȻϡͷۿŷԼϡû
Ǹʯңӣٵҡ
һǰķģô˭
ʯͷߣҲȴûһ˿һľȣƽ˵ٲߵĻǿǶҪ
ȴȻȻǷһȥҪʯ˸ץ¿ϸ
ʯͷȴקסңҾҵţΪǵ춯̫ھ˶飬Ƿ׷׻ͷңȴû⣬ҵȫͷҪٿһʯ˵Ҫȷûп
ҵʱͻȻе͵һʹҿʯͷңֻͣҵĺԷȻҾʧȥ֪˹ȥ
ѹʱ֪Ѿ˶೤ʱ䣬ֻеһۣʯͷ湻ݵģĬĬ˵ţַסʱҲŷڼӲĵϣ߲ԶųүǣΧһȦ̸ʲôûע⵽Ѿѹ
۵С³ңһǵ̸ֻǵһҲٳ
»ܸСģǳү
Ѿˡ˵ʯͷױϣľһʯͷ
ǵȻֹҿ۾ѾҸϽ۾װûҵȴڲϡ
Сӣˣ˵
ȻѾҾͲװȥ壬
û˵ſŵĿҲſѾĹͷһܿĵطǰһӶӵıٸǾȻѾ뵽Ĺͷ
Ҳ֪δŻԵҴѾĹģҲûҪ˵ӣֻʼҵﶼץһʯǻ֮ûɿ
ǴĹߵӦǷƷĲҡͬ˵Ŀң˹ģĲң֪˭ĹҵˣȻｨ˺ΰһĹ
־ͬ˵ŵ⣬ҲκεĳڻڣҲ˵һ·ֻбٸȴĹңǶŵͼϼƹڵͼϵĵڶΧλá
һʯ˾﷢㤣ʯͷǰĻ滹ԺصͻȻĬڼҲ޴ӿˣһһģһʯͷѾϡͷѾˮʯͷ
˦˦ͷŬԼȥЩǵҿʱȴƤѾˣƤʱ򲻼ˣ
ƤأҾʡ
ҲŸʳڣҿֻǳү嶼ɫȻͬ˵ƤûҺһӳĹ˲ң
ϸ˵ʱÿһ飬ͼҳ˵ѵ˵ĺƽ޴ӷֱ٣˵ʱҾѾ϶˵ѡ
˵֮ҿʯͷʯͷ۵ĵط·ذףû̧ۿһۣҸеЩʧֵܲĻһ˵Һ˴ңҲƤ
Сģⲻ㣬һʼǾ˵ʲôѡǶ㣡˵
֪ڰοңǱ㲻ٴ𻰣ֻǿĹıٸҲ֪ǲ۾ˣҿٸһٸͻȻˣԺܿٶʧ˱ٸȺУ
ҼǴӵͳٸʧĵطɱȥٶ֮Լò˼飬Ҵһߴٸ֮䣬ʧĸо
ԺμǸٸʧķλҼֱڱٸȺ֮бţܽٸȺ֮ҾиĽŲҲҹ˲ЩҵֱңǸƶٸһˣһʮϤˣ
Һܿҵȱʧٸ뻮һĶ֮УȻһҵϻаָĽӡȥٸεضȥļ
ȴΪٸ뿪µĺۼΪڿȱλԱ߿˺ܶƬžٸ
Ƭȴ٣ֻٸģɻʱʯͷѾ˹ȱʧٸ֮Ҳ֪ʲô¡
ҽҿ龰˵ˣǶû˵Ҳ֪ǵĳĬζʲôͬΪϹҲ֪
Ƿͷҿıٸе룬һ۾ܿʯͷ˵
Ϊֻʯͷ׷ҹүʯ̨վſǣ˷ֿ·ѰҿǸᶯٸ
ٸ֮䣬Щٸһģӿ̳ģ沿էһΪǻһվһȺٸ֮䣬Щ£վһȺʬ֮һ
׳ŵѰţͻȻҸоʲôסҵĶʱҾ㵵ػͷȴԼԼԭҵıҵ˱ٸϵĳìҿҵıȻǿŵġ
ҼǵҵıһֱŵģȴŴһš
Щ㵣ոʯͷ־Ҳûұŵ飬ôǲ˵ʱ򱳰ŵģǷͷѰٸʱűأ


ʮ ʯͷ˵Ĳ²
뷨һԺҵͷƤһѵıٸɵģ
һͷһıٸǾһһڵϣһҾδػعͷǲŸתͶһٸٸߣҵǰ޷Ŵرһ˫۾غҶţŵұܵľҪɤһš
˺󼸲վֻһͨıٸƽһЩֻո˿ȫٴηһļƤ񡪡ٸȻҲ뿪ԼλãվλԱߣԱߵٸ룡
ӹٸ۾ôһ˲䣬ҾȻڳգ۾˿㵵Ŀٸͬʱȡ±ȡ¿ӵȶǺ¿ûȴһֽҰͳһ
ŤŤдһ֡Σգ뿪
Ǹողұͷģīʵģֻ˭֣ʯͷʲôˣ
ʱͻȻԶʯ̨ڳǽлתͷȥȴǳүҿүվʯ̨ǻ֣Ѿлʯ̨תͷʱ򣬿һ˼ĳֻͷıٸͻȻҡţһƬǵϵˤڵϷһ
ߵıٸѾֱϵƬҲ֪ΪʲôЩ˵ĿƬͷģӾȻǻˣ
Ҳ֪ЩǷ񻹻ţǵȷڶҷ֨֨һز
龰϶ͷ꣬ЩȫѹҾĳȥˣ
ǺⶫǻģҿƬѾƶֻǶܽӲǵ۾ҿʯһģһ۾һһţɢ
Ҹ˲ЩΪȫʬٸվĵطǱٸȺм䣬۴ıҶȥֻκοҵʬٸҺػ˹ȥǰôɽ׵צɵģӲޱȣЩʬٸһۣҲʱҲŷ֣ЩʬٸȻʯͷˣ
ʯͷ˾ȻԶ۾ͻ˵һģһʲôѲʯͷԱɻ˲ɣ
ţ˳ȥЩƺҲηȻÿһ·ҳȥ
ҷȥﶼʬٸƶļ󣬳үѾˣҲʬٸİΧ֮Уһ߱Ȼһʯ̨߹ȥϣҵүǡ
ǾʱֿƶǸٸҿٸǻ壡
ҿʬٸ֮䣬ڼԼ٣ҿ
ұѾߵʬٸԵȴһβһеسʬٸȺУΪʬٸܼȥЩʬٸһ㣬Ҿú֡
ȷ廹ԭȵӣûбʯͷˣΪʲôȴڱٸȺвǣ
ұ߱룬һֱȴߵĺҷʱڵϣƺѰʲô
һֱ׷Ż壬ֱֻмľ룬Ȼûвңջ̶ȣվһ˶֪
ҿ˫Ƭ֮䷭ŪţƬһϸ׵˿״ⶫȻѰⶫԣ
Ҿȵغ壬Եʲô
ҿͻȻһȻعͷոԶֻκʹжϳǻ壬ڿʱȴȷˣΪʯһ԰׵Ŀ£µ۾Ȼһ˫ʯۡ
ҿңҲ֪ܲܿһǳ壬ôӣ
ʯϿ飬Ǵ𾪺ͲȷСģ
۾ǿ϶Ѿˣ˵ң壬Сģôڡ
ҵĻû˵꣬Ѿӵվ˵㲻СģôСģ
ұľٶһҳ⣺壬ôˣСģ
ػ弸ųҺ㾿˭㲻СģҲСģ
˵նĺʮ㣬ң˵˾ͳʣǴģ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪôʣʵش𣺡ҺͳүǴصظǵģ
Сģʲôʱصˣ˵⻰ʱʮֹŹ֣ҴźԵĳ
Ͼͻ˶ݺݵħΪһҺ޲㳢ܵİٱǧĿ
˵ŻѾߣѾҵĲϣֱþǱһþˣ޼£ҵץڻϣҲǱģҼӲ쳣ʯͷһ
壬Ȼʯͷҵִûһ㷴ӦֻؿŻ˫ֽԽԽͬʯһûһ顣
ħҪɱ㣡ݺݵشҵĶ
ҵϼӴֻоһغѣ𽥸оȫ֪ʧڱᡣ
ΪԼȥʱҿͷ­ͻȻӲϵĲһźذףҿʯͷޱվڻ󣬻ͷڵϷһ죬žˤƬ
ҲɿͻȻӿҾҵؿ


ʮ 
ǻû˳ҾͿһ׻ĽߴӻϿĲ˳Ĵ־ͳǻûԣͱʯͷһضϡ
ߵĴֱնϣ̷Ӥ޵ҽ߾꣬ûȥͱʯͷһץסʯͷһλþͽᵽ˰УȻʯͷذ׵ڽߵ±ߣҹߴĵطֻõôһߵģĶġ
ذףߵݸң˵
θһڣֻſԣȴûȥӣʯͷ˽ߣѾȥûһ£ʯͷľϵȻûи߰㷴Ļᡣ
ߣߵŵߣⶫɱȻڵѰⶫϼٱ
˵סҵͣߵ˽ȥֻоһȶĶ˳ҵĺθͷߵҵȫֹζһطࡣ
ҪѳһЩϰ˾ͺãʯͷ˵
ʱҲע⵽ͷѾȫˣҺʯͷվĵطȴһƬЩʬٸȻǿһɵľ룡
ҵȻ֪ʯͷãͨոյѾʯͷɻϤߺʯͷˣѲҲﲻɣ
ʯͷȴҪ˵ԭ˼عͷʯ̨ߣٿһۻʬ壬Ѿȫʯͷ˵ģһͷʯͷˣ
һŻǶݺݵı飬Ĺ￴ԼһָԺϻĻƺѾ뵽ʲôͷһ䵽ĵףںҸȥ
ҽʯͷһ·ҷЩʬٸȻܹ߶ȴһģһǵʯͷһӲҰԲ²ǵǷҲһߣǵĻΪʲôҪǵѲЩʬٸǰǻˣֻǳ˽ߵĳѨɣ
뷨һľԻΪߣΪʲôΪʲôʯͷˣ
ˣͻȻһοЩʬٸ۾ǵ۾Ǻͽߵ۾һģһҲ˵ҿͬһ۵׵ӣѵǽߵ۾
ҽסԼ۾ҼǵԼ۾ҲģѲԼҲһߣ뵽˽뵽ĸһĶⶫҲǰɫѵǸշͽߣ
ҰսԼģʱͻȻеθ͵һӿһǿҵĶĸо𣬶һž;ҵŻѾ¹һΣθ˸ճԽȥߵûֻһظŻһ㶫Ҳ²
ҵķθҸ޷ԼڸŻ֮Ҹеж˳ź˳ҿԼŻ³ⶫʱȴһﻬľȻһŰɫ˿״Щ˿״֮䣬һŽѡ
ʯͷվԣֱҽⶫ³ſڣȻнѣѾҪˣ
ҿһŲŽѵ˿״ڶһ뵽ⶫǴҵ³һθŻ
ֱҸоЩˣʯͷŸֿڣҿ۾˸ĪĹ⣺Сģ㲻֪飬Ӧ÷֣Σգ
֪ʯͷ˵ҿܻʯͷ˵飬ɻһңôĹ￴Ǹһģһʯͷ˭
û˵ֻǵͷĬһҵǣʯͷûոյ£ҿֵҲʬٸйҲˣȻ¡
ǿʯ̨ȥѰ¼ǵĶ飬үǾڲԶںʬٸſ
ǵ⣬ҲòȥƶˣϷʯͷһȻıܷۣΪֻһվеʬٸɢȥó¼ǵĻƶǾ֣»صʯ̨ϣ˵Ļư˿ڣȻҾʯ̨ϴʬٸĿĵߡ
Ҳ֪ΪʯͷûǱʲôԭҷЩʬٸֻʯ̨ȴʯ̨벽ûκһʬٸ
ߵʯ̨ıԵʱҲע⵽ʯ̨ȫǺͻأһطΪռҵķ֮һҲ˵ķ֮һĵطôҲΪ֮أĹ߿һˮΪĹڣôʯ̨ҲӦرôŶԡ
ʯ̨һȦʯ̨ʮ׳ʮ׿ҲʯͷƴյĺۼžһʯͷһҺܿͷ֣ʯ̨ǽҲһģҿ϶ʯ̨ɽһ֣Ĺһʯͷģ
Ҳ̾ɽͷҪŶһʯͷôһĹǺֵǣȴʯ̨˸һڣ𣬵ǿģǶȴֻаָķ룡
СĶ뵽һͭûһͭĳҲӦСҴӱｫһͭóϣոպã
㣬˷ܵسүǴ󺰣үǿ
ҵĺ˶ʯ̨ˣͭĳպýȥ޷죬ʯ̨̳һ
Ȼҽһʯ̨һȥֻͭţȴʲôҲûзЩɻѵװλòԣ
һû͸ͻȻʯ̨洫һ֨֨ѽѽǽȻʯ̨ĪһҿֻͭԷתͬʱֻʯ̨ʯȥսڣʱҲŷʯ̨ǿյģҳǰһ׵ĺڶ


ʮ ʯ
ÿƴµһףֻһĽʯ¶ȥ֪ͨ
ڣʱ򿪿ڡ
ע⵽ʯ򿪵ʱεʬٸͻȻֱ뻮һģⷬ龰ףʲôңǴһʼվĹҵĹײĸϣֻǲ֪ѣ
治֪ľʲôĴȻ˾޴һʯףôĹľӦʯ²Ŷԣ
ȡ˿ƣ˵ĻƲȥ˼չǣֻҡʯͷүȥ档
ʯǺڳһţС̨ϣûȥԶͷֵɢıһأǿԿѾЩͷˣΪѾʴǱһɢһʯӣ涼ʯͷЩʯӦǴӱĲŶԣڱĲԶһѾɰ׹ǵʬʯڣӱӦˣ
ôǱһʯͷ
ؿʬ壬ûзϲɼЩĹгõĻأĹãûܵһˣһʱ侹ȻҲ
ͷǳŶڵģȥӣӦǻʱ˱ʣ˶ڴùǼܣ˵ͷѾ绯ˣȥǹǻң
廰䣬ֻžһǼӾɢڵϣصһ˲䣬ȫ˹ǻң̨һ㡣
ֻӹǻͷһ˿״ĶĹˣȻȫҼİɫ״ĶѲΪⶫŵ˹ķ绯
ҸֵǣѵרžΪ˱һʯͷ
ʯͷĴָǴСԲģ⻬쳣Ҵӵϼһţʱһʯͷۣ
ȻѾȫӲˣǿؿͫ׺۰ףҵӰӳ۾ͫעһ㡣
ŵøϽʯ۶ʯ̨Ϲ˼Ȧ޵׵ʯͷ
Ҷ˶һʯۣ˵Ҳϰٿţж˲ܹô۾ѵʯһ۲ֿⲻɣ
ţʯͷѾ˱ԱߣűȻ˵бĺۼӶѾ˺ˣ֮ǰˡ
ʯͷÿڱϣҿȥȻﱻ˺ЩҿʵģѵǴްǲɣ
ֻͭһԣνģѵһͭ
ֻʯͷÿʯһϸţڣ̨ʰһɫĶϵⶫʬ̦滹մˮ
ȻһĹĳǾֻдްˣѲǰȫû£һ
ʯͷѲɴްǲܼҵˣʱͻȻóүڣҲѾ϶һľǴްǡ
ʯͷû˵ʯͷش˵ּܼеǼ֮еġ
ү㲻˵ˣĻôްǵݶʱͿѲʯͷҲǵݣ
ҿʯͷȴҲڿңұܹ֣ͱȻ˵ȻѾȥҲϽɣ˵Ҳ˵һ
ǻȴûдӵվ˼עѾתƵ˱ϣ˵Ե޹ʲôأ
˵ŻҲ˷ʯһǻ巭Ѱһ飬ͷʯȴʲôҲûС
ƺҲ벻ͨͷľڱԳĬ˺ܾòվʾǼǰɲŻ壬ȴʯͷֶظرʯͷѾҵߡ
Ҳֵؿ˿ʯͷʯͷôˣӽ뵽ʯ֮Щ֣ڸǹŹֵ쳣
ȴʲôҲû˵ƺҲһʯͷȴҲû˵ʲôҿʯͷذѾ֣ƺʱ׼
֣ȴֶնʱѹҲൽĵزʲô£ȴûһԾ
ʱ򣬻úС˵Сӣ㿴ǵӰӣ
Ƶʯͷ࣬ǵӰӶЩƫбشֱߵǽϣҲͷ˿ûʲôӰӣҲתͷ壬Ҳף˵м
һعͷȥһӰӣһʱ仹ûӦֱʶֻһҼǾһӰӣ
˲ҾʶԼʧ̬ȷӰӣϸ˿ӰǴҺʯͷļ϶гģֻðһͷէһ濴Ź
Һʯͷ֮һƬհףʲôûУͷƾճһʼպǱһģһٶǰ
ʱҿʯͷذͻȻȻѸپѾǽߣֻʯͷ˲䣬ǽϵӰӾͷɢϸСĺڵ㣬ȻɫСӣ
ʯͷȥ׽ӣȴӾȻɣʱֻˡӶԻЩӾͷɵ̨֮⣬ȴһֱŲȥ
ʬӣֻҪһֻܰ˸Կˣʬ̦һҲֻصĵطУⶫɢ˵
Һʯͷͬ飬ЩʬӲҿҲǾʯͷʯͷȴ˵⣬Щٻͬ飡
˵Ѿӱｫȡ˳˵ʬȣΩһܶԸľֻˣ
˵ʯͷѾװą̃붴ıԵЩʬӼʯͷ׷Ŀ˿ʯͷȴܵĻᣬֻһ۵ĹЩʬҲûһֱǽȻ׹붴֮С


ʮ ֮ˮ
ŹҴ¿ȫòҲһ˲䣬ҿڶ·̨ϣһӰڼ¶ȥǹֻһ˲䣬»ָ˺ڰֻпƵĹ⽫Χ
һʯͷ»صУõǹ֧˿˵ƹ˶þͻʬǻǿ뿪ط
̨ߣֱȥ棬ǲŷȷһھʣµ̨ûˮУǣھˮȴһڹľľһʯ̨Ͼˮպûʯ̨ʯ̨һֵʯ֧ţһֱûˮס
һڹľǰʯģ￴ȥԿŵĻƣȻ
Ҿȣһڹľֻһˡʵۣ
ݹ֪ʷȴûһʵģĸʵۻԼ
ڹľھ룬涼ûпĵطܴˮϹȥ֮⣬ûбİ취
ˮӦǵˮ峺͸ܹȥ̨ףҲˮǼԵģֵ꼾ˮλӦߵʱ򣬴ﲻѿ߶ԵεӦ÷ǳյ˿˿ۣ
ľͷĹǻʵۣôӦȫ֮ĹȻ˿Ĳأȴ֣ȻѾڿ˼׵ľѾľʯ̨ϣΪҲӦǷȴõˮӿⲻ׵ؾεʯ̨ȥ
ߵ̨£־ȥҪȥ⾮ͷˮҵȴʯͷһסֻɫ࣬˵
ѲˮҲйŹֲɣ㶵ؿʯͷʯͷӿڴͳһֽȻѾʪˣʯͷǽչƽ˷ˮϣҿֽͳˮף
Ӧ֪Ϊʲôľ˰ɣʯͷƺ֪ҵ뷨˵еˮͷĶȥ⾮ͷˮƮκζģë
˵ʱʯͷȴ˶٣ƺ뵽ʲôֲһ
ʲôҵĺıʳ
Ҳ˵ʱҿʯͷ۾һֱضˮͷҿԭƽˮͻȻǴڶڲ
ҾͿûˮеʯʲôϴܣֻˮͻȻһƬӰһʱ仹ҿ϶ʲôֱðˮ棬˴׵Ĵ֣ҲžǽߣðˮĴ֣
ðˮһش־һ˶֣ôˮ׵Ҫ˺ϱŶԣ߳ˮѸǸϽ̨ߣһش֮ͲٶˣƮˮһ
ʯͷ˵ΩһܸˮϵĶ˵Ӧþǽˣһ˵ǲƮκζˮιȥ˭ˮ
Ҽʶߵٶȿ죬ܰһ˱ɷѵĳѨֻҾѾ̲סһսôһҪ淢˭ҲӲ
ţֻˮһӿССĽߴˮͷʯ̨Ѿǣ
޿ˣҲʱֻ¡¡һ죬ѾºϣҲ˵Ψһܹȥ·Ѿûˣ
֮ȻǲǱںֻд׵ķݣҲ֪ôһǷ񻹻ʯͷҿʯͷһ飬нذףһطź⡣
Щ߻Ǽɵʯͷģ˿ֵ͵ĽߣĴֳ֮һֱˮϣҾûжһ£һǲǱһߣ
İľս½ͼ˳˵ڵλû룬Ҳ˵ڵطǵͼ룬ȻӡĵͼҲóͼģңСӣ쿴ڵλãںͼϵ
ҿͼԺȴһƬհףȻͬĵͼܹںϳһţ˼ѵ˵һŵͼǺͼϵһ
Ұͷȥ룬ȻںͼѰңȴҲȷе˵Ӧûһ˼
ҿֻʵ˵ҲһȣȻ˵طڵͼ
䣬ֻԭֹˮͻȻֿʼֻ̨ߣˮǵһ̶ͣµǣֻһĹѾûʮ̨ףֻһϣȻֵˮȻǣʯȴûˮУȻǳʱһˮֻûʯ̨ѲʯҲˮ쳤
ߣʯʼվںͬλãҪʯ׵Ŀڼ٣ǻΪʼǶûж
ˮʼ治ͣţĳѾסˣˮǵ˾ڣ⾮ʲôˮǶᱻ˵ǻĽߡ
ʱͻȻ֮ǰǸüܣ룬ˮ֮òӰɣĻˮȻ᳡ֱӾͳɹǻˣ
ˮǣˣèץһҲ֪˶ãǵˮͻȻֹͣϾͿʼȵ䣬ʯʯûи䣬ˮٶʮֿ죬ǵʮȥ
ˮȥһ˲䣬ҿЩͻȻ׷ǱˮУһˮľ޴Ҳһ»صˮͷȻˮһȥ
ҼǵۿЩߣѲǵĳ־Ϊǣ
ȥ˵ʯͷܽʱ䲻࣬ˮλͻٴλڣ
ʯͷ˵Ӷƺ죬ûеԵɣǰ·ǽȥ


ʮһ ʬ
ʵ֤ȷһںľһֱΪǵײĵط֪Ϊʲôˮ˴䣬ʯֻ֧Űʯ׵ʯ̨ô򵥣һأž׾޴ʯ飬ոˮΪرʯƵԵʡ
ΪʲôƣһʮָӵĻؿţʯûƵʱպöסˮڣԲܱ֤ͷˮ磬ڣʯƣˮصˮͷ൱ڷſ˾ͷˮ
ˮٴȴ²͸ͷ϶һᴩĹĻƣֻ֪ͬʯͷ˵ģǱץʱ䣬ˮλ֮ǰҵڣǾ͵ͳȥˣȻҲ֪ʯͷ˵ʲôڡ
ݹףȴûзκοԳĿӣȻˮڣʯ뾮׾޴ķ϶һƬڣˮλںδ
ֵǣں̨ϾȻ˿ûбˮ͹ĺۼȥǸɵģҺǾȣ⾮ڵʯͷһʯͷһЩıȻͷʯ˵һ
ʱҲŷ֣ڱˮ͹֮ǰʯǻɫģʯѾںڵɫʯͷɽжҲر𺱼ʯƽʱһʯͷ죬һˮͻڣʯԽԽӲͣһʯͷǰ绯ڵϼҲ仯
ʯͷոպãⲻ֮ˮǿĸʴãʯÿΪ쾮ڵĲϡ
̧ͷ˿ǲtһҡϵʯˮλ䣬Ѿȥʯ̨ϣ⾮ڳõʯûп֮϶޷̶ͷʼӦйȥͨʯηʯ̨ϵģ
Ѿ˾ףʯͷȴһֱ£ֱѾ˹̶ʯʯ̨ϣʯͷͣҿʯ̨Ͽ໨ƣϡҲһģʯϿһģһ
ʯ̨ΧһȦҪڿնȥһ㣬ֵֻǣֻһֻ۾ȷе˵Ӧֻһֻͫףһֻۿͫǿյġ
ʯͷڷ֮˵һҵˣ
ʯͷſңҹȥҲ⣬ʯͷ֣ҲԵȻ˵İڿհ׵ͷ
ҽְȥҵְȥʱһҵģȻ͵ظоһʹҾ¡¡ǴҵĶԱߴģ̾͸еʯ̨Կȥߵʯ³
ʯı伸ҵʧȥֱ֪ʯȫ£ʯʯ̨ϣʯͷңСģû°ɣ
ҡҡͷ𼸺Ѿľ֣ʵ˭Ĺľ
û˵ʯͷڰʯʯĦţҲŻ壬ȴȵطֻӾȻڲ
Ҿ㵵ؿŻ壬ѵں£ǿı飬ȴҿʣȻҿߵʯǰϵָʯףȴһ˵ţһģһһģһ
ҲؿŻ壬ү˵۾ϵģ򿪵ģҲһʯס
ԺĵһͷȻүû˵ǲ
ֻվڰʯǰҲ֪ʲô飬ֻĦʯףȴ
ʯͷͳذףֻذʯ׹׸֮仮ţһ飬Ȼʹһƹ׸ǡ
ԭΪ׸Ӧͭˮˮģʯͷȴ׵ؾͽƿԵúʯͷƿʯ׹׸ǵһ˲䣬ȴͻȻһʯͷСģ
ڻ˵ͬʱֻġˡһʬӾʹʯһӿӭʯͷͷ˳ʯͷϽסȻӼˣͬʱذ׵ֲͣػš
֣ЩʬôͻȻʯͷˣ
ʯͷһ·ʬӶɵģҲҿֻǻʯ׸ҸϽʯͷʯͷÿãûбʬҧ۾ƾǱʬҧűӵġ
֪Լ龪һ˿ʬԴԴϵشʯͷɳĿ֮࣬˵ҲǧֻظʯϿգҵĶ߾ǡˡ
ʯͷòһʯ׵ʬӰɣ͸ʯͷ򿪵Ĺ׸ǣԿʯͷѪɫĹľʯֻ㣬Ĺľͷ
Щʬڿһ֮»صʯͷʯ˶Ŀʬӣǿ˵ǰҲ޷ǲǾѾǺҵˡ
ͻȻã˵Сģֻܿʯˡ
ֵĻû˵꣬ʯͷѾԣУСĹȥ
ҵһμʯͷܴͷصţҲؿһۡ
ȻҲǱʯͷŵˣ־˵Ƕ
ô£֣ͷǻлΪʲôҪҹȥΪʲôҪʯף
СģǱӦ㣡ֻֿ˵˿ʯͷʯͷ˵ּ˵ȥЩȣ֪ĹǳżȻǾĲ߻ģȻҸֵĻƲģǲģҲ֪
˵ʯһأֻأŻһڣǵʱ䱾Ͳ࣬ˮλ»ʱʯͻǽûл῿ʯףʱȫ
˵Ҫһ㣬˵һ·ЩηʯͷڼɵңЩʬӣȫηҡ


ʮ ͭ
ΪʲôʱȴͻȻʯ̨洫һ¡¡ɫһ䣺⣬ˮλʼˣ
ʱҿʯͷͻȻʯױߣҴԻһƬʯͷٶ̾ǰȥֹҺʯͷͬʱʯԱߣǵʯԱߵʱʬͻȻӿҸоͷϵʬӡ
ҲЩʬӣͰʯͷƣһҲŷЩʬѾүǷɹȥԵʯͷȴȻ
һ㶣ȻӦʱʯͷͻȻһۣ
˵ѾǹȻʬӾһǹʯͷǹ˲۾ֻоһ˸ȻǾҵı
۾ʱʬӵʬ壬ֻΪʬӻڷ裬ȴٿʯͷѾװһͬʱԸңҴĹľ
Ҳҳɣ˵ʯϣѪɫľûй׶ҹӦúʯһƿԣȻ
ƿľ׵ʱȴסˣľͷͻȻһͬʱһɹҽͷһűܹľͷȻǰˮ谵ľͷ쳣ˮͷһ˫۾Ҹҿ϶ⲻۣΪֻһֻ۾ҵͷ
ۣ֪Ϊʲô뵽˵Ǹ˵һڷ㶣ͻȻеֹʯ̨ͻȻʼƶǻʯͷһκСģһأڹױϣ
ϸϸȥۣڹױѰţȻڹױ͹һ飬һҵʱֻһٴʯͷһֳţѾ˹ͷˮҲ˲ô࣬ͳһȭȥ
˵ʵѾˣû뵽ôһֻॡһľͻȻɢܣѪľͷˮһӾ˳ҷϥ¶ʪһҲʯ̨ϹʮʱҲע⵽˫۾Ѿʯͷ
ʱֻʯͷ˵һСģߣ
˵Ծʯ̨ҿүѾʯ̨Ҳ֪ʱ׵ʯѾһͨүͨǰǻ֣ҺʯͷԾȥ߶ʮһʯű
Ҳͨɲǣֻ¡һͨʯͨڸҿľͷһĻǲ֮ˮˮＱٵӿһ۱ӿˮˮУ̾û˾
ҵ߾ͱµʯҵĿȫǹҺڵͨڷŹ⣬Ȼִ˿ƣҺʯͷû£ŷ
ÿգһֻһ˸ߵͨΧǼӲʯڣ;ϵʯһʯ
ͨʮ׵ӣȻǾһĵطңطҲһھȴһ
ȴȸոյˮҪʮ౶ͷȥͿͷϹĹƣǴӹ﷢ġ
ͨ棬ҲǾ׵ʯϣʮ־޴ʯʯֻʯ̶ɵ֮£ͭˣ׶ߣÿ˵϶ŻƽߣĹ˸Ŵ۵Ĺ
ϸһоŸͭˣŸվĸھ뻹һһͭȴҪθߴûߣ˫ȴٹͷȴǾһ⻬ɼ̡
ƵףԿˮһţǻһ
ͭûдߣȧǸ߸¡۾͹ҪۿһĶʮ־޴󣬾޶ž޴ĶԲǺˡ
Ǽˣ˵ǻ壬ߵͭ˵ǰ۲һͭˣ˵Ǽ˺˵ĺᣬһڡ
ܴĹңʯ۵Ĵ˵ҲܴôĹѵǺģǸΪԶܳ
ֵܴҲãҲգĸͳһĹҸ֣ĹȴһڿڴСһľˮݾôôľǸʲôõģѵÿһͷһĹңŲͬˣ
뷨ܿͱҷΪոǾǿھͷʯֻһۣҾһһԹһⲢֻĹô򵥡
ͭԣ̧ͷȥٹͷ̣Ͽ̵̾ڿеһˮӨ͸
ҲʱƳ޴ͭ˵ֱϾȻһԲεͼͼľȻһģһ
ֻͼ̣Ҹױϣ
ǼˣȴɿһΪͼʵ̫ڳ͸ӣڿ˴죬Ҷ֪һʲôͼ
óȴ֪ʲôʱͭ˱ŵѾرһ˫͹۾ؿңǴŹЦݣһ
Ҷ˶ͭ˵ȷ֪ʱѾȴֻһ߽ǲĽӲ飬ҿӵȷڶ
ұٹͷ̾һ澵һŹƵĹâʱҲע⵽ϵĹҲ任λãŹλõı任ϷȥĹҲڻƶš
ע⵽Բεľڷֳʮȷ֣߾ʮȷֵĸﻺƶţƣȻЩõӱ
ԣǼʱõĶЩУвͬеԭиӣǾΪﲻ̫սԵʡ
Ƕûдӱ޷Уеʱȷԣ˵ʮӣӦδʯŵˡ


ʮ ˮĹ
²Ÿͭ˾һһʮĻأ֪߽ȥ»ûߵʯǰѾУҺܶĹͷĻضһԵģҲ˵ֻҪһͻὫеĶһǲҵȷ·ô޷ʯš
˵ʯűܿǼٶǧֵĶʯֻҪشʯͻὫʯŷըҩҲըʹըˣĹҲըˡ
Ǿϸǹ⻬һƬѹûʲôĶΩһֻܿ𲻶Ĺơ
⹯ƣ֪ôģҿžȻһֻֻʯϵ۾һضڿ
ʱͻȻǷ˵ʮ̫Ĺ£񻰹Сʱ򼸺ܵôûֻǻΪΣ
ʯͷӦҿ죬˵ؼ䱾ʮ̫ÿһ֮ҫأŸסڷɣϣÿһ档˵ſ˿ʯǰľŸͭˣ˵ԼƲ⣬˵Ÿͭô˾סڷɣϵľŸ̫һֵ֮վǾڡ
˵ͷ˵ܳʱ̫ʮֳݣһҲδܣŸͭƳкģԾģʮ̫Ĵ˵׼һվǰ棬УһӦõھϣ֮ԻûֳӦ̵Ĺ⻹ûյ
ʵ֤֤ƲǷȷΩһǵȴڵʮӶһģһҲ޴ӷֱڴʲôʱ̵ֻܿĹһʮӼ们š
ڵȴʱҷֹÿһŸתͭ˾ͻһһ񣬿ǿֲˣһֻоŸͭˣȴʮӣҲ˵ÿͭ˶һӣǿŵġ
ɻҼĿתضžϵĹߣһֱüСʱƿĿ⣬ΪԼһʱиҪϸڣȻҲǺһ뷨ǶĬĬעŹߵƶƶ߰˸ûгκε쳣Ǿڣ߻ǹߡ
ҵĲӳʱô۾һֱڿ۾ѾäӰƣʱҲתھŸӣʮӵһ˲䣬ҿϵĹͻȻʼĹâͿʼʧ̷ĹҲڱ澹ȻںһƬ
˵ʵڹĵطػصڰ֮еȷܲϰߣͻȻĵ͵һҾҪƿҵֲŴƻ򿪣ѾֹĹʳ𿪵ƣ
ҵִӿɿܴ˾Ѿ֪ʳ
ޱ𾪵ģŻ岻ƭңҵ۾ضڹʧĵطĵȴ쳣žģûһ˳۾һǷ˴ڡ
ԼһСʱĹ⾰ҿڰһƬľٴ˹̷Ĺ³֣عȴûȫֻǺĹ⣬ǿܹ微
ʱѾƶʯŸڿе̫֮ҲòƲʯϳֳһֻչ̫ڣֵĵʮ̫
Ҳ֪̫ڵͼγھϵģ߲Ƕ֪ĲǶ˾ϣֻе̷Ĺ䵽ʱŻֳͨĹ޷ʯֳ
̫ڳֵʱֻͻȻ¡¡죬͵һ֮󣬾ֻʯǰĵͻȻעˮһֻĵȻһߵģһβͷһֱӾͭ쵽ʯ£
ŹĽ߾һһճǰҵ򿴹ȥͭ˾޴Ӱӡ
ͣʯŵϷʱĹȫϨ𣬿ͭ˫־ŵ̵ĹȴûҹһĹƶϨֻ֮ҫ۵ĹʯϷ̫ڣϵĽߣͭͷ̡
ֻɲǵϵ߾һζӾҵŤţ̵ĹҫҲıڿ̣Щڿ̺̫ڵıڿһƺҲҹʯƳɣҿ˿⾮ϻѾһıڻվŵĵ£Ǳڻһ֡
һڻõĲϣȫҹʯںڰһ㷢Ĺ˶ʱһƬӰҡҷ֮С
˾ȵǣһڻһ֦ҶïĲһֻ̫ھڷɣߴɣ㣬ÿһ֦ɣÿһɶվһֱ̫ڣʮմ˵
վŵĵ£Ƿɣһ֣ЩžŸͭˣľŸ룬һᴩʯźͭ˵ĽߺȻеһ롣
ûǾ̾Ƶľ˻ֺĳ֪ķ˶֪˶г룬Ĺ潨ҲǺ¡
ʯͷôͻȻʯͷҵһʯͷ̸ǵǾʶһ
ʯͷĬţű鲼ڵıڻԼĪʮ֮˵ӣ˵ļ룡
ʯͷĻ䣬Ϸ顱죬ֻھϵĹƾȻͻȻѣͷҺ幯ҺǷӦʱܹĹҺЩĹҺڵ϶ʱͷСڵϾҵطš


ʮ 
ǿᣡ˵
ŻֻھߴͻȻһȦ̫Ĺâһ㣬ӾߴΪ̫ߵԵʣֻһ㣬ȴ˹â뵵˵ãǿŹҺӾˣ
ʱҲŷӦ⾹ȻǹҺҺĹ⣬ȫû·
ǿʯͷӦĶ̼Ϣ˵ǿЩҺĺܿ죬һӵʱ䶼ûУ
ʯͷķӦܿ죬ֻ˼һңͶ˵ȹȥʯűϣ
鼱֮Ҳ࣬Ǿʯǰܣǲŵͭǰֻ͵һͣ½ŲҵֻǽӴһͱʴɽ̿¶һ¾ȻҲǿᣡ
ǸϽ󣬾һɵĹϵѾճ˰磬ֻ۵Ĺâ֮ˮһѾеһȣؿҲĪ֪Ƕ̼ŨߵµĺѣѾûʱԥˣ
С·ʱֻʯͷҴһҷӦѾҵͭ˱ϡεĽ֮ǰ
Ǹ㣡ʯͷ˵ҵһοʯͷϵĽҵһʯͷϿ飬֪ôģͻȻƺ
СģûʱˣʯͷĻȻѣҳͷҵԺȴһƬհףҲ֪һ۾˳ȥ
û˿ķӦûҾȻ߶ˣһͷʯͷҰ˴ĴָȴѾκ˵ؾΪ鼱֮µĵһǰСʱһϷ߳ġ
һǵϷүүҵģϷ֮Ϊӹڵϻʮӣ˸ųһΣֻ߰˲һߵһȥÿβȵĸӱ뻥ڣ˸ȴҪһֱߣ˵ֻһ·Ҳ˵ϵֻа˸ӣĶʮĸлأȵһˡ
ϷͯΩһȤ⣬үүÿ춼ҪϷʮӵ߷Ҽμû뵽ոһžͰϷ˳һ߶ˣ
ҿһ۵ϣȻҲǺ˸ӣүүҵϷһģһ
ȴ˲üȥҽŰϷĲ˵ڶӣʯͷǸңһ·˸ӣȻƽµʯǰ
ҿٵȥʯţʯźأҼþеŽƿһ죬ʱҿâѾͷ״
ʯͷǸϽæͷȵѾ޷ܣֻоͷһطΣʯڱƿڹâµ˲ʯ棬ѸٺʯţʱҲѵڵϣڴڵشŴ
һ飬ﾪδֻŸոպգҾ뵽˸ոչ£үүСʱҵϷȻѴѵľݣôжĶүүн̸ҵģ
ȻǴˣҲ޴벻еĹϵ۸ӵһүү̸ҵЩ϶⡣
ʱȻ뵽үүʱ˵ĻҲ˵һ仰˵СģΩһŲĵˣȴҲŵĵˣ
ʱ٣ûϸе⣬ȴүүǻлƺѾԤ֮ᾭ£ӹϷ֤
ţѾ˵ƣԼ˼һطҷǵǰһ޴磬Ҳʯ̳ɵģʮ׸ߣס˺ĵط
ֿ˿ˣʯͷվұϣɫǱòʳ˼̻ڿ磬֪ʲôүŻ壬ǵҿʱ򣬵һ۾Ϳ˻岻Ծ
֪ΪʲôڿʱͻȻһľľĪɻ֮ǰǸӣҶԼͻȻһһէЩ֣˦˦ͷվԺȴȫͭ˵ӣϵĻƽߣԼһ̣û͸ЩõİЩֻΪ׼ģδҲ̫ݳһЩ
˼֮󶼻ὫƷͳͳ飬ԱʾϣܾЩȫΪ˼׼ģǿ϶;ȴܴʯ³ȥһ飬ǿѾһƬأЩͭ˹ҲѾʴòˡ
ֻôͷЩ죬ҲΪûһ𰸣ҲΪոոӹ¡
ϢһҾָЩվǵҿʱ򣬼ȴ͵ֻӰӺȻһߵģ
Ҳ֪ԼǲЩ㱣۾¿Ӱ˵״Щȵؿһۻ壬ѵԼĳ˻þʱҲңȴҿǱ۾ȥʯͷȴʯͷȻҲضŻ塣
ֻʯͷŵǻ֣˳ʯͷĿ⿴ȥȴһֻ侹Ȼǿյġ
ЩȵؿŻ壬ѿڶ壬֣
ȴȻԼһֱֻۣҲһȣҿͻȻһ˿ʹı飬۾Ȼ͹˳ҿԭֻ۰׵۾ͻȻ˺ɫͫףֻͫ׾ǴӰɫ۰һϺɫͿʼ
ŻĳүûзӦֻ˻壺壬ôˣ
ǻ촽һضţһҲ˵ҿڱֻΪүŵԵʲû̱ȥȥȴʯͷѾ˻ߡ


ʮ ٳ
ʯͷıӱ䣬ҿӿڴͳһ
ȻʯͷĶܿ죬ɿⶫȻʯϿʯӣʯͷôⶫģ
ֻ彫ʯȥҿðľⶫҲܳԵôܸоⶫа쳣϶ܸе͸ǵ
ǻȷȥˣƺүҲǵһμģҲǾȵؿʯͷʯͷûнͣһţžͽһҲι˻
̲סʯͷʯͷԵʲô
ʯͷֻ۾һۣȫĺëȻҾúܱ˵Сܸ磬ȰСĴ米رһ
ҵһʯͷ֣ʯͷĳƺҲӵ֤ʵƤ˵Ҳܼ˵ʵֹҲܼҵˡ
ߣ˵СģǻǱһܰɣ
Ҳ֪˵ıһҪܿʲôӽ뵽ĹʲôûмȴΪҪң
ּŲȻҲЩͬ˵Сģˣ
ҵһ˵ӲֻܴӦȥҿڵҺͻ֮䣬赲ҿĿ⡣
Ҳ֪ǾҪʲô棬һƬڣΩһһƸʯͷǣվ濴źڰڴŻ徿ʲô¡
վһԣ֮ͻȻݸһ˵ҲһŰɣ
ҽӹֵݹĶֲⶫ񴥵һ鿪һʯ۹µµشﻬڵϣƵʣ⾿ʲô
ҵĻδ䣬ͻȻһֻڰһӰһû˺ڰ֮У
ˣֳһƣ͵ؾͳźڰ˽ȥ
ȥǰѾعڰֵںڰʧӰ٣ҲʱĿͻȻϨ𣬶ʱҴһƬڰ֮Уתͷȴײһ쳣ӲĶϣҵͷײáˡ죬Щվȣֻȥʯ磬ǻûзһȻĶѾסҵ֣
Ҹ뺰гѾжסҵͣһҲͬʱѾнŲ˹ҹӦʯͷ߳ү˾һʯڡ
ǻҷźţҾ͸еԺ͵һʹҵʶһƬģ׹ޱ޼ʵĺڰ֮С
ڻԵʱһֵΣڵʱ򻹲֪Լ˵ʵҵȷ֪Լ
εСʱүүһסϷӣ϶¾ɵϷӷһòϳ֦ɢҶ𽥸ݣһֱ޷ݵĵزա
վӰ֮£᾵ɣӶŤ߲Ӱţһ˿˿ҵĽŵߵĳ嶯
ҿɴ͵ѿһѪĹľͷðһͷѪȾһ㣬ûۡ
֪ôģҶѪĹľޱȿ־壬ſͷܣȴʼܲӰţӰǰĺڰҾ˹ͷһ亹ҵļһ亹Ѿʪ˳¡
ֱһֻ̣䡱һҲԶ͵һ⣬̵ۣұܵر۾۾ʱԼʯ
ǽϵĻ̵ȼźƵĻ棬վŻǰ˳һӿԺҳ߹ȥȴûˡ
ֻпƶʯͷȴѾ֪٣һʱɶĺͷ
һ˲Ҿ͸еͷƺʲôڶҿҿǽߣȴﲻ֪ʱȻһӰ
Ӱһˣ־òҴӵʰƣŪ˼£ȴʼղ⣬֪ƵĵѾˡ
Щ£׳ŵǰȥⲻãȿҵͷƤһЩӰȻʯͭˣ֪ʲôʱǾȻȫ˽
һа˸ǽųһţǵɴŻƽߣǵϾȻûһ㱻ǿḯʴĺۼһǷʯҼͭˡ
ضǿһôȷǶ֮ŷҲתͷ͸оʲôҼǵҹʱʲôûС
ҼⶫϣҼæ˿ſ⾹Ȼ̵ͭˣֻѾҲѾɡ
ɴŹЦݣһľҿ첽ƹͭˣϽֱԼڽ˻УĲԻһЩ
ֻǶݵĻҵľ־ȥʯǰһιͷѾĪضһڹľпһģһѪĹѪҺнݹһڻҫ£˸ŹĹ
ϸϸȥѪȴͼϸ濴һѪѹŵĵذ嶼һƬѪɫ
棬Ż⣬ҲڲŷʯϿĸ֣õǴ׭дǡĹ
˵Ĵ˵ơĳƺţݺĴ˵һֻĹУ۾ȥغѰ˽
˵ȷһĹĹôʯ̨Ͽһʯ˭ģҲһۣ
˼ȴѪһĿ̺ۣ̺ۿźʣƺǸողſȥģȥȴ֡


ʮ Ѫ
ʯͷҵĵһӦΪֻʯͷذײŻӲܹʯϿ̳ĺۼѵ˵һ֮ʯͷҲ˲⣿
Ȼֻǲ²⣬ҼѾǿ϶ֿԣѲʯͷǱѪͷ
ȥѪ׵Ĺ׸ǣƲѪ׵Ĺ׸Ҳûй׶Ҳ˵ѪûбϣνӴƺб򿪵ĺۼΪӿڵطˮ˺ˣƣƲ
ĻֻһֿԣкܶʬЩʬ׸ǴסˣĻұڹ׸һףʬųܴ򿪡
ͳڹ׸ѡһλþƴѪ׵Ĺ׸ǲ֪ʲôľͷƳɵģӲ쳣ÿ俪һ㣬Ѫˮ˳俪ĵط
ڹײѵɾ˲ɣȻҲѪֹϻȴ˿£˰Сʱã׸ڱ俪һӣúѪһЩԷʬԼĪʬҲɢòˣƹ׸ǣغ׾ʹ˹׸ǡ
׸Ǳ򿪣ѪͷȴûʯͷǵټѪͷһ޴Ӽһϼһ
ⶫʱһʲôѲѪ׳ɾˣʬҲųɾ˲ɣ
ҷĶֻϵҽ߬ӼֻҪʲôͺشȥ
˵ʵҲȷӼͷʲôһʬĻҲ̫˼Щ
ʵ֤ⶫ˼һǻģ׸Ǵ֮ҿӼͻȻԽԽң񼴽ƼĺһţӼ˺ѵ
ͬʱҵҲɤϣԥҪҪȥҾ岻ʱҿӼһͷѾˣͬʱĶѾ̽ͷ
ⶫӼͷ͵̽ͷȴһѪĽߣһ۾ͿѪɫĴ֣ɫ֮ͽ߼û
Ӽͷ̾ѪϣǴѪͷһ㡣
˿Ѿܵһ㺹սؿ
֮ǰĽ߲ͬϴѪԵʣ۾ҲѪɫģȼյĻһؿҡ
Ѿеɢĵ⣬ڵƣȴǳһ㿿ģ֪ĹͷĶǾ綾ޱȣϮҲѪֻ±һй֮ҵ˼ޣʱ׼ӦĹ
ѪֻѪصţƺһʱҿЩͬĽŷޱȣϵƬżӲ쳣ֻҪ̽ȥѡ
һǵʯͷɱߵģֻҪ߶Լߴ磬߲⣬ôѪȻҲӦˣֻʵ̫ˣͬһ֣ߣ˵ߴ磬ǿһѾľսˣ
ҸԼҪ򾲣һظԼ֮Ծⶫ£Ϊʵûмⶫԭܻİ־壬ͰһͨĶԸͺˣ
һʾԼ쳣һЩһһֿڿ۶Ÿصİ˵ʵҲΪжãаȫУǸԼ׳õġ
ѪѪһ֮ͻȻѪ׳һٶȾȻӿ죬ٲȻҿĽ졣
ͬʱҿ۶˰һԵҲ֪ӵûд˿ӰؼҿٶҼµؼϮǽһԱ߿˿ȶһ
ѪߵĴҪֻһغҾͱƵǽߣ򲻼һұƵǡ
ҵӿǽϣһظоʯϴı䣬ѪѾҽߣѾŵϵζһǰζһģһ
ѲѪߴңΪʲôֱɱңҪȵѹ֮Ϯң
Ժͷٵתţȴûһ𰸣ͬʱѪߵĴѾһ˹û·ֻܽһᣬĴ־ʹ˹ȥֻоʱûѪߵĴͷһȳҺ罦һһҸ˲Щֻؼȥ
ѪߵĴֱƣʱĽӤĿҵĶ߻š
ͬʱֻоһɾ޴ҵ͵˵棬ȻѪ߾޴˦ڵϡ
ұˤΰأԴһطΣǰֱðֻѪѾٴγϮĴϣѾûκζۿĴ־һֱһ˹ҲֻܲҪرסĴ֣ͼ϶γ
Ѫƺ֪ҵͼĴ˳ȥʱͻȻı˷˸գڵϣѪ߻˻һκݺݳ
ˣѾܣֻؿĴҵͷϡ
뵽ӣһ㤣һ뵽ѪߵĴ̴ִ֮󲻻ȥҪΪߵķѵĳѨӾһزҲʵسӣҲʱҵִһԲĶȻҪҳԵʯӡ
뷴ԼҲҪˣҲټŭǼʯӾͳѪ˹ȥȴˣӳʯӵ˲ѪˣǼµӣҺؾ˵Ѫױϡ
һ㶣Щ˼ؿʯӣôһﾹȻӴһСʯͷ
Ҳ֪ǲΪˤʯӣֻʯӵͫѿһһ죬ȥ۾Ȼ˿һһϸʹ˳


ʮ ƽ
ЩĿ࣬ʯԭⶫⶫȥǻ˵ãһǵʯĳʯΪⶫԵô
ʯͷΪʲôҪⶫΪҪҲԣѵ˵ˣ
ţֻϸһĸ볯Ѫ߻ȥѪ߼ǾⶫѾӵѪͷѪҿѪѪҵţƺڳżĿԼĪһֶӾͲˣȷٶѪԣȵطѪ߾Ȼˡ
ҲĳֻѪߵѪϱ鲼ĸ룬ֻôһ㹦ոջ˿һתۼѾָͷϸѾһƬѪߵһϣһڲ
Ҽ˴һսҵҲĸ룬֪Ѿʲôģˣ
ҿѪԭ׳ʵת֮ѾȥЩѪһ̰ʳѪߵѪҺȫʹȻ˺ľǰȥβϵ
ЩĸȫҵĴڣȻûң׾ٵذγѪ·ϲ˲
Ѫγģôһܲ˵־ͳְɣĹͷĻտͷǲҲлأ
ѪĴңûзʲôرĵطΩһرľѪԱʯͷŵġ֣
ոûüϸ룬ȴֳλǳѪ׷ģҲ˵ʯͷ̵ģôӦѪλãѪͷ
ôʯͷǴںһλãûбҪõֳ
뵽ԴһſӾȥõذ壬ҽΧĵذ嶼һ飬ȻһֵʯһƬҪһЩ˵ǿյġ
ĻôʯͷӦ˻صȥڽ£ʯͷʯϿ֡
Ȼϸ֮Щ벻ͨɿ˵뵽ȥʯ壬ʯûܹƶĺۼȻֿٲôһпʯ鿪յĻأٴλĿռһ飬ȻͻȻʯǰͭϣ
֪ΪʲôҾͷĻһ⼸ͭйأһĹôӦĹֻڲ֪ȥ
ǳڶҵıܣͭϵĻƽҾȫժôµһҲ뿴Щͭ˺ͻƽ߾кιŹ֡
Ѿͭ˵ǰ־ժͭ˵Ļƽߡ
ԭΪͭ˵ӶӦһģһժ»ƽ֮Ҳŷͭ˸ûͷ״ûʱҲ֪ΪʲôҪŻƽߣΪƽѾ״
ֲΪʲôҪ죬Ϊνڻƽϣֱͭϣ
ƽþ쳣ܴڻƽұƺûе㾫տĵز
ɻؿƽߣͻȻ֣ϵЩ죬Ҳ֪ǲΪҵãԽȻԽϤеؿһ
ҸӹǣƽϵȻԽԽԼ
ҼǺԥժһͭϵĻƽߣƽϸϸȽϣһֻժһͱһģһ
Ҳŵժµĸ
ֱҰѰ˸ͭ˵߶ժŷֶһģһЩ˲ͬòĻƽߣȡ֮ͳͳһģһ
ÿһƽ߶ֽţҽͳͳغһȻһӣҺȻԼӡ
Ұ˼⣬˸ͭںڰɷˣҲֱӣֻÿͭ˵λȴطÿһͭ˵϶һΪʪԵʣѾ⣬ҸʴĺأöطѾοˡ
飬ȴǾ˵ıȫͨ飬ǱһҲ죬ΪԵʣ޷ϸһÿͭϵһģһ֣Ϊʴʵ̫أѾ޴ӷֱ档
һʱҲ֪Ϊ̫ʴĺԵʣȻꡱһˣһʱûӦѾ˵ϣþò
ͬʱһƵҲȴʯתҿֹʯȻʯƶƿһξֻ֮ͣһڶڳǰ
˿ĭҪҪȥһ뵽ʯͷǿʱΣգұԥߵڱϣߵƵʱֻ谵һӰӺܿƶţֻôһ۵Ĺʧĺڰ֮УͬʱҿĪĹһ¹˺ڰ
ĥˣȴ֪˭ܿ϶ԲʯͷǣΪʯͷĻҾͰܡ
ҼҲû͸ȥҲŽ뵽棬һ죬ʯѾ¶ڡ
ʱȫĺڰҼκζֻԼʱ򿴵ǰ
ʮ̨֮ҵĽƽϣͼǽڣȻǽǰΧһȴʲôҲûУȫǿյġ
һʱҲ֪ԼʲôطվԭһҶϸͷ˵˵ĻӦŶԡ
쳣İҵĺʲôҲûУǲǰߵļΪҽƺʲôȥ֨֨졣


ʮ ڰеͻϮ
ԼҲһԸо·ƽк֦֦ܶĶȴһؽصİ׹ǡ
ҵĽȫĶҵͷƤըһҾȻվһѰ׹ϣҸֲǣҵͻȻʲôץסƴؾͰǰק
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һ˿߶ѵǰȻʧڰ׹Ϸ˼ѹЩ׹ǡ֨졣
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׹Ǳ̤Խš๾ࡱһȻѾߣȻѾеɢѹ
һһɶζѬҼϢҲ߶ʮһͳԱⶫ˹ȥ
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ҲʱҸоǰһʧȴûйЩֻǻеسٴδȥȻٴȥظһֱֶʧȥ֪
ԴһͱˣѾˣ
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ʯͷЩͽ˺ܳʱ䣬Ӹûһ㷴ӦѾȥʵ̱ڵϡ
һʲôҪҪ˵ȴû˵ڣӸղŵжϣѾӣڳ¼ǺԺǸʯӣǼٵģ
ȻԼܶϣҲ֪ԲԣʯͷҷˣһȻݸһ
ҽӹһС鲼ʯͷ˵ʱ̲ʲôҲûֵ·
ʱӵ򣬹Ȼлֵģ˹ҿӵӣѾݵֻʣƤͷɫƣȥһ߸ʬһ
Ҳ֪ôӣʯͷȴ˵һӵĳʶǶģͷûпԳԵĶܻһ¾Ѿһ漣
һʱȴʯͷĿؾۼϣʮֹ졣
Ҿȵؿ˿ʯͷע⵽Ŀ⣬ͷֵصͷȥҿĵطȴסˡ
ʯͷŵҵ°ڣȱһ飡
ƺʶʲôϵĲƴҵ·ϣȻ˿
ϵ·ȻҵģҲ˵ոϳ·һǣһϢ˴
ʯͷĻȴȫ˵鲼ܿȾͳˣ
ҲŵؿʯͷʯͷĿȴģңһһʵСģ֮ǰһ£㾿ȥˣ
һ뵽ʧһ£ҵĴԾһƬհףĹʵ֤ĹǷҵıƣһģһ·ȴͿΪʶϴµغµأҴĲͬһ·
Ҳ˵ʯͷҵĿӹˣ˵治֪Ǽٲ֪ҵһλ֮ҵ·Ѿˣʲôʱ򱻻ģҲ֪
˵ע⵽·ϵķֻһֱû˵ѣΪѾˡ
ʯͷĻɲ֤ŵһ鲼Ǵҵϳȥģһʧһ
ֻǵڵͷˡɳɳȻͱˣں£ȫһƬհס
ҽͷ˫֮䣬ҵȷʲôҲǵˣΪʲôּνģ
ʯͷڲ׷ʣˣ˵йΣգ˵Ǿ뿪˵һ仰ǵʱ䲻ˣ
ʯͷ߳һڣ´߽ȥǰ棬˵ڣѾ֪ˣֻҴ·
ҸԼ·⣬οҪ·ʯͷ˵ҲΪߵĻܿǾͻߴΪֻһῴͼҿͼҲң
˵ʵҲΪҿͼֻ˵ס·ߣһǲ·ߣ©ҪĲ֣е·£һʱ
ʵһֱ˼Ĺ˾˭֣ٵڵºʯͷͼٵɱһϢӣƺһˣΪʲôҪֹǽȥ
ұ˼ǰٶȷǳʯͷһһظţȴûдߴңʯͷͼͻȻ뵽⣬ͻȻڿͼʱʯͷһ⣬ܲܿƿ̣
ѵǸͼϣʯͷǿƿ̵ģʯͷļǲסѪҺ򣬶ʱȴΪҵڲܲܿ
뵽ʱѾ˳ʯͷ£̹׵ػش˵ǣ
ҵĲ棬ȴûаϲãҷʲôΣǴһʼͰߵΣ֪Ϊʲô뵽˻۾
ʯͷһֱû˵һֱĽŲһΪֲˡ
ںڰȻߵǽľȻϰ·һ˵ָоƺ֮ʲôָһҾȻܹԷתᡣ
һʱ֮Ȼȫȴںڰߣ·ӡԺһ
ҸоƺԽԽһĹ棬߽һǶͷҵĽʯӣѾûĹʯ·ƽ
ɻ˲֪ãͻȻǰɢɢĹ⣬өĹƯڿС
ǰߣЩԽԽҲߵʯͷչǰһޱȿտĵطǷɽͷ
ȻйǸչǰȴ޾ĺڰҵǰһƬͷĺɫľԼҶӶīɫģҹĻһǰǴϷģȴ治ʲô
ʱʯͷǰȥȴҲֻһͣ


ʮ 
ʱҲע⵽Щĵ桪ҲǽµأǺڳ
ʯͷƬ֣û˵һ仰߽ҸȥҵĽŲŲ̾ûϥǡ
գߣʯͷתͷغ˵
ҹǲѾĵطʯͷŻǰ·
ʯͷţҸŢߣȫˮݣڽ쳣ѾǻţðһˮݣŻǵˮһȫðʲôںһ
ҲǰģȻǵˮ
ΪɽԵʣûκεķ紵ݶֻҺ֣ĵطô֣
ʯͷ߽ϵĹ·һ߽ҲŷЩȫϡܹץΣЩһƾ͵
ԼƲȷǾȥԵҵֲŽӽɣʯͷѾæסң˵ȫʬ̦
ʯͷôһ˵Ҳעϸϸȥ֦ɣȻȫʬ̦Щʬ̦һĺɫһʼûϳ
ʬ̦ŵ˻˵Ϣֻԭݷϵʬ̦ͻȻֻ̦˿˳ȻˮС
ʯͷҺˣ˵ʬ̦ˣ鷳˵Ѿذ˳ʬ̦Ҫͱʯͷذϡ
ǾʱȻеˮµĽͻȻʲôץסһ˫֣
͵رץסһҼҲؾͳţϵҽ׵־ȻɿˣÿһЩδؿŸովŵˮ£ȫŢĻˮһһضš
Ҿ͸ежҪˮǵˮ¹ðˮݣҵֲս
ⶫǻˮ׸ģҿʱ򣬲һһʬ壬һ߸ʬһʬ壬ˮȴ˿ûиãƤ͹ͷһ𣬿źˡ
˵ϸĸһĶҶˣȷǸ룬ҾǰЩɫĸ롣
ЩһڸʬϣΰסһӼҾͷЩǲڸʬϣǴӸʬģ
ʱʯͷޱ˵ÿһǴһʬģ
ЩֵסԼͣҿֲģȴû˿ֲģЩ۾ÿһëﳤȻٲϣٲȻһĸӡ
ʯͷƺѾ龰һҲûУȻ˵ǲ˶ĶÿѰҲȴ壬ǲ֪˵еĲȴ֮
ҵһʯͷĻͷŨصĸ飬ȻָǺǿҵͱģȴҵһοʯͷ¶
˵꿴һۣ˵ĸֻҪѪҺͿԴһѪҺͻὫĸѪҺմֱĸģҲԼǲ淽ʽ
Ҿϵвڣ־ʯͷȻ֪֮࣬ôвӦгˮҲӦв
ʯͷ˵͵һת˵ҵҲŲĸ룬Ǳڲ֮ǰȥ
ȥʯͷȴû˵
˵ʯͷùһ߸ʬǰߣոձѵʬ̦ηʯͷذûι
ҾʬԵʱҿʬȻĪض˶Ȼһֱ۴ֵĽߴʬ·͵شܳڸʬϣŭĿǡ
ҼߺҲһҴʱվʬԣͽֻ֮һûӦͿߵĴѾһ˹
Ҹ޿ɱܣһ߲Ÿճֻ֣ʬ͵شܳһһСҲһ־ͳҹ
ҵӸæˣǽȴ͵رʲôסȻһ͵ˮУͬʱҿʬϵͬʱˮУҵһ䣬Ծǡ๾ࡱˮ
ож͵زϣͰˮϣû㣬˫ֻˮкҵػţҪϢʱͻȻоһ͵ذˮҴˮﱻ´Һҿʯͷҵ·ˮͷ߽Ҷ
ʯͷһذӭȥҼʯͷԸߣҲһֻѸٵץסߵӣذ׺ԥػ˽ߵĴ֣Ȼذߴ紦һͽߵ˳
˴ȡߵĽȥشʯͷϣɫѪҺһĶʯͷߵʬӵߵңҳȥ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôʯͷҪҳԽߵûпܣűӾȥ
һ߿ͬٹǼɵʯͷֻˮο˲ϣ˫ȴصǡ
ʯͷƺһҲɱˣǼ˲ϾͷˣоʯͷƺЩⲻ
ߣʯͷûˣҡҡͷû£Ȼ˵ոҵĽŵƺʲô²ŵˮʱȴҲûй˼ʲô
ýˮ̽ңȴֲⶫЩ֣¹ŹֵĶˣҲû⣬ʯͷ˵ﲻ˾Ҿߡ
ҿһֱǣڲ֮ƶķǳӦòǽĵط֮ǰĹֻǽȥʳ߱ʲôԭѡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪǣѵҪΪͬ鱨


ʮ 
ȻҸЩʯͷƺȥߣֻǾ۾ţҸ
ͷȥ֮ԽԽѾû䣬ҲҲԽԽܣϵĹҲԽԽǿ̧ͷЩԴȴΪЩԴʵ̫ڴۣҸ⾿ʲôʯͷҲ˵
һ·֮ʯͷͻȻͣתͷ˿ܣɫЩأͻȻ˵ǰû·ˣ
Ҳ֪ʯͷ˵·ʲôҿѹû·ʯͷҲûкҽֻͣٴ˵ȥ·ûˣ
ɻʯͷ˵ʲôͻȻڼžﴫǹǴߴģǲԶ
ʯͷתͷȻ˵ȱһܣ
˵ŲԶִһǹһƺֽЩʯͷ棬һҾͿ˴Ӳﴩ˳ߵĺܼܿ죬ˮش
Ҷ˿ȴǰͷľȻ֣ͭȳ󣬻ŴްͭȳӲʱһؿǹƺж׷ǡ
ҼǴްǣһϲûٺò飬Ҫȥȴʯͷһסҿʯͷɫ䣬ʱҲƤ˵ڴһ֮ʱ£ѲƤ˵ʯͷѾֽ
ҲȥۼѾңҺʯͷڵĵطϡ䣬βصˣȿңҿϲͬʱҺСĶүô
߽ЩʱſߵʯͷҿϵЦʱסֹס˲ӣվԭأֿʯͷһӲűĳһ仰ôҲ
ǰ̽·ްһΣǻûпҺʯͷֻԭɵվţǳֵ֣ʲôˣ
ֻعͷ˵СĶүҲڣ
˵ްѾ˹ʯͷı쳣䣬ʱɿҵ֣ҲûңҴӲ߳ްȻЩȣȴû˵ʲôȴЦԭСĶү
ް˵ųʯͷ˿ʯͷûǴкֻؿǣҸеնʱЩţȴ֪ʲôԭ
ʱҿͭȳͻȻǹߵǸǰȻǹ׼ʯͷСӣ۸ܼͷˣץСĶүҽͷ㣡
ҿͭȳӲǿЦѾ۶˸صİҸæʯͷǰʯͷͭ磬ʯͷûץңˣ
ͭȳӼʯͷǰЩȣϾ˵СĶүÿ㻹һǹСӣ
ĸÿȻҲ֪֮便ʲôᣬʯͷֻǿͭȳӣһԲ
ʱʯͷȴˣЦ˵֪νȥܿǹˣСÿҿû
ʯͷĻͭȳŭȻɢЩȡ֮ԥ壬ҿعͷȥްû⣬ްʱ˵ͭȳӣȻСĶүûǾˣԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬǵʱ򣬶һ˾ͶһӦ˵ʯͷ
ʯͷû˵ҿҲ£ͭȳӵĶҲ˵вĻȻްѾͭȳֻ˸أǹŴʯͷǰÿ
ʱСС̧ͷȥҿʱʱɫոɫţƱʲô׷ϣؾⶫˡ
̧֮УȴûκζƶӰӣȴԽԽ죬ڳǿͭȳѾأˮǹӵˮϽһȦȦˮ
ʯͷͭȳӵľٶ俪ڣ棬ǹκãȥⶫ
ʯͷ˵רʯΪʳҲʯͷһֻʯ϶ĵطûʯЩǴðģ
˵֮䣬⡰˻˻ѾߣҲֻͣ˵ⶫˮͷһֱţ¶ͷȴʶⶫΪͬеƤͱУ֪
˵ƤʱҵͻȻ͵һĹƤָԺƤͬʱطʲôҿʯͷȴʯͷһҲޣƤȻ˿ġ
ҵķӦûӹް۾ؿңȴ˵һ仰ֱڶϵġ˻˻ٴΰһѣʱҲŲǴԷġ
ǲɣֻɫͻȻ˰ɫĳӣÿһĴָôӾӨ͸ʯһЩͻȻֵ澹ȻѾͨɣһĶᴩڲϣЩ澹ȻҲԲ
ʱһԭɵţֱ泯ŲŲ뿪˲Щ롣
Щţ˻˻ǷģʱֺһˮͷҲУ
ʯͷ˵ˮ֣Ψһɱ취ǽʯ֮⣬ܿʯͷΪʳＸɽʯͷǲŻˣ
ҸոյĹ۲죬ⶫԲǲֻҲԣҲ׷˴ްǼһ·
ѾԽԽֵĶǻûһ취
ҿֻˮѾƮһƬ棬ˮϵһȦƼڻǾ£
˿˵ȷľһھΪʲôͻȻ֮֮ӿʯͷȴѾ˵Եɣ˵ŵұ̵ζ
ұﱳẉ֮̂ǰҲ֪ⶫΪʲôұȴǶˣһ壬һ塣


ʮ ٴ
ʱͻȻʯͷҶ˵˵ܾһֱǰܣ۷ʲô鶼Ҫͷǵ·ģ
Ҳ죬ʯͷĻͻȻеһᣬԭʯͷѾͷọ́ȻҼҲûͰ̳Ⱥ˳ȥͬʱʯͷ˵Сģܣ
ҼûκԥȾܣ˵ܣʵҲûΪܲ
ҿ󳡾ǣˮУƬˮʳȻʯͷһͷˮУڴްֻǾһ˲͸
ҵԺＸֻһͷǾܣʯͷĻͷܣҲıܣҾȻˮﾹȻҲܵ˿죡
ֻǲһеţܳ˺Զľ֮ҲŸоΧİ̲סͷȥȴûʯͷǵӰӣͷֻһˣҲʱȴԵĲһ׻ĶͻȻ֦ͷȻһֱҺʯͷĽߡ
©ƫҹ꣬Ҳκε뷨Ѿ
ȻҶԽ߻ЩĪĿ־壬ǱϾͽҲ֣ܲɱģҲһξѵ˲ѾγþȫŷĽߴ˹ȥ
ҲʱҸоûˮ˫ͻȻʲôסȻҵӾʧȥƽ⣬ҵӾˮУͬʱⶫѾҵ˫Ÿһǿǰϡ
ˮУҵʮ־޴ɼˮѾǺ˺üˮˮҿԸоʮֿٶǰţ߾ظš
ʱҸѾһʲôˮͷѾˮΰأͷһطΣ۾Ҳһ󷸻ڣҾƺϾҪȥ
ҲʱҿˮͷͻȻԾһˣ˳ǰˮǱȥҿźֵĶʲôҸû壬ΪʱҵѾʼģ˭Ҷû塣
ҸеҵЩ˫ŵĶҲɿˣҾ͸о͵һ˻ֻˮҵصš
ԼεԱߣԱԼһпĵطҲʱҸеˮͷ͵سһ෴ķƳȥԼһֵİɫˮͷԾȻǽߵβͣ
һ޴Ľҵطţˮ涼ҺˮȻûа
ȻԿǸģӰˮкͽ߲ľһСߣڽشţҵʶʱѾ˻㱵״̬淢ҲֻоԼڰˮҡҷţѾ֪
֪˹ãҸеʲôסңʲôطϣ۾뿪˵ȴһҲ˵ҸоƺѾˮ棬ȻһӲĶҾͿ档
Χһļžҿ۾ʱҿǲϴ۵Ĺ⣬ʱҲ֪ԭǿ˲֦ϣ֮ûκˣǸģӰӺ;޴ĽѾ֪١
ֱ֦ȫȴûһһſڣ³ˮ
һؿŰ󣬹һƣֻˮһٵ߹ҿˣʯͷƺҲڲϵңǼӿٶȣϲߣҵΪʲôӡ
ΪҵǸʯͷǿʯͷȵıҲ֪ǣҿ֦һʣްôûи
ʯͷûлشңҷ³ˮоЩҶ϶ذѷºʯͷ˵˱飬ʯͷһǸı飬ӱЩҳˣҳԵѹɣǺĶ
˵ʱ׷ҲõĴްǣҴް֣
˵˿ܣﲻïܣȥһģһҿƺѾʧ˷ҵҵģʯͷԥһڸ˵ҵһֺصζβζġ
ʲôζɫЩѿһ飬˵ζ
Щ죬ǺܿƽΪõʯҵϾĨȥԼҲ֪Ǵġ
˵㶫ϢһҸо࣬ҵĺܵΪ˷ֹҴϵصѡһɣֱʱͷԴҶ
ɾʱҵǰͻȻһζţҶ֮Уֱ治ᷢҶоȻһ
ִҶ֮ùڴһ˲䣬Ժһ绮ƺ
ϵ֦ϵģӦǾҵϵȥģҽȡһСɾµͭԲΣıԵһȦϵĻƣڻĸ֣ĸȴǴ׭ҲС׭Щ׹ģЩġ
ҾϤĸ֣ûмǴڳ¼Ǽ
ֻǿͭһ˵ӰѾԺΪ˸ҵӡʵ̫ˣʱͭڳ¼ǵʱҾ̲ס࿴һۡ
źᣬȴ޷Ĭԣ˸һֺֺصĸоֻͭ˵仰
һ仰Ƕ˵ģ˵ҿֵͭǮ


ʮ ͭ
ʱһǳ¼ǵһƣȻҺƹƹ濴֮ƺҲŵⶫʲô˵˵ڶ仰
˵ҪͿǮҪͱĥ䡣
ƹƺֲʮ֮һó¼µ˶ڣƹҲţûҪͭͭ뿪ʱ˵˵仰Ҳһ仰仰ȴҼ̵һ仰
˵֮ǰĻһЩģô仰Ҹұ֤Ҽǵһֲ
˵㲻Ҫõʱȴ޴Ѱ
һǵõǣ仰Ƕ˵ģҸоЩŹ֣ǲδҶ뿪˳¼ǡ
ʱ֪ʲôԭһסĳ嶯ͭϵĸ־ӡԺȻҲ֪ĸֵ˼ÿһÿһǵ
ͭŷڳ¼ǵ£ǱʯͷŹֵؿͭң֪ⶫ
ҵͷȻͭôǲ˵ҲôγĹģӦҲŶԣΪʲôҪֹҪǣ
УͭǸʲôõģ
ͭӲ»䵽ҸоƺץסʲôǺܹؼһָоһлԭʲôͷҲޡ
ԺŬѰԴҸоĵεĵطһӽһϤĸоѾңҸоѾҪҵץסˡ
ǾǧһʱʯͷͻȻһѴͭԺϤĸоʱֱұصʵͷʯͷͭǵؿңʣСģû°ɣ
ҵ˼ٴλصһƬ֮УҴʯͷϰͭùҿͻȻ˵ʯͷƺʲô
ʯͷɫһӽеʣʲô
һţԺһģĳ֣ҳ˼˵һεڵ棬ʲôҲûֻĪˣֱոҿͭͻȻһЩ
ұ˵߿ʯͷΪʯͷķӦЩ֣ҾƺЩţǵģǽţҸ²͸ʯͷڽʲôҰͻȻƬȫ˳
Ҹε֮ǰҿ˴ӵҴӵ֮󣬵ǶеκһˣҼǲò˶ģģҵļֻ֪һˣǾ˭ȴ֪
߳ƺ˵ʲôƺҲشһشʲôһҲǵãȻҾ͸еˡɳɳžͺҼǵõһģһһعͷȥʲôҲû˹ȥ
ΪʲôʱͻȻƬΣѵΪͭԭ򣬶ȷģǴӵ˺ͭ˾ǲһˡ
ҵԺҳһ飬ԽԽӣδ֪ǣԽԽĹգͲżȻ¡
һʯͷԱܿͭĸֲܣȻʯͷôʣôҲǿˣҡҡͷ㲻ˡ
̧ͷãؿŲ֣ͻȻ֮Ϥİ֪ΪʲôȻһĳ嶯ҸоǰδеĿ־壬Ҷֿ־ӿһߣѵ
ҵɫȫȫ価ʯͷӣͻȻ˵СģΪѵĻɣҲȥ·Ҳ˵һ
ͻȻȵؿʯͷǴʶʼһοЦ֪ΪʲôҿЦȴͻȻһᣬЦúٴ˵£ʵڲð
˵ǰߣҾʯͷǻлָоĻΣͻȻԼųʯͷ˵ͼֻҿö˵ֻ֪νȥڣҸоʯͷʧˡ
׷ʯͷסҲῴȥգ˵ֻҲ֪ȥ·
ʯͷѾָƽʱı飬˵Լ˭ҲﲻңҲܡ
Ҳ֪Ҷʯͷ˵˵ҶԷôҵ۾ǰ·ҵıֱܺҵȷ·Ҳ˵һ
ʯͷЩԥ޳ˣҸҴͭժµͭߣҽϾͿˣ㡣
ʯͷԣ˵ҲܶЩƽߣ쳣
˵ʯͷѾ··˺һݸң˵ҪһЩ
ҽӹ۾ϣ۾ںڰһ˲䣬Ժһģ·𽥸ֳȻլӣүүÿմլĳ·ߡ
Ҿʱô··ҵļܸӣСʱүүͬҲߵų𽥷֣ʵǼլͳֻ߰˰ףүүӲһȦӣҾһЩƫƧС
ʹүүĻشȴЦԷǣ˵·ǺȤ
£ȽѾ߶ߣȻûһòҵļǿүүһú΢ķʽȥ·ҡ
ʱҲȻʶͼĳ·ȻСʱÿնߵ·һģһûпͼѪҺ򣬿ͬ·ȴѾμԺ֮С
ֻǰ·ʯͷظֻǰԺ·ţһ·ϾȻֱҵĽͻȻ˼Ӳ·ϣʱʯͷŶ˵ǵˣ
ҽ۾ϵĲӳľȻһøߴޱȵĲ
ò֮ǰĲͬû֮УǳݶϣȻʯݲסӡ


ʮ 
һڲͬǣòöǺɫӰûκιܿҶ֮һԲĶȻ֮ǰʯӣ
ҾȣʯͷǲĹʵ˵ܹ˲Ķ֮һ
Щŵض޴Ĳ֦ڱµգѹѹһƬʯĸһٲһʯͷ˵ʯĿĵصڣҲһֱҵĵط
˵ʯͷѾʯ߽ȥұ߿ò߸ʯͷȥϾȻĴڲⶫԭȻǴ˵
̲ס棬߱˵·ϸҳԵľǲĹʵѵ
һû˵꣬ͱʯͷЦϣЦűģóЩҡ
˵ϵ˶ΪĹʵ˿Բһָµһʯ񣬸Щǳ˲ʵ³
ոһۣһûʯˣڿȥһȦʯͷǶЩʯʮٲһۣʯ֮С
ҺȻعͻȻʯͷҲ˲ĹʵΪʲôûбʯͷˣ
ʳڵʱʯͷѾʯͷҲ֪ûҵ⣬ûлشǲʵ
Ҳֻøȥʯ治㰵ҲֻӰӰ´µؿʯͷǰ棬Ҵ߽ʯ￪ʼҾˮƺǴʯݵġ
֮ŷ֣ʯݣʵһʯȷе˵ӦһĹ
Ϊȥ֮ҿĹţʯͷվĹ֮ǰ
߹ȥʱʯͷų˵ĹֻҴŵķʯÿֲ·һٹʯ
ҰѷʯӱȡĹһһȱڣʯͷҰѷʯȥˣֻĹ֮ڴһꡱž¡¡Ĺűˡ
Ĺű򿪵һ˲һķ洵˳ҽסһսˮҲشҶ֮С
ĹôˮǻˮܰĹģǷˣ᲻֪ˮĵطˮʬǺ׸ġ
ʯͷȴ˵ˮͬôͬʯͷ˵ǳȪ
ʵȪˮǳɫģҿ֮뷨Ϊ߽Ĺ֮󣬿һȪˮͷĹңʮףʯͷ˵Ĺҿ߸ɣǡþס
ȪĹҵ룬Ȫˮ˽ҹ飬ȥݳ޻ڳȪ룬һ̵Ȫˮһ̨̨Ϸһڵľס
ľýǶһ鲼ľ׵ıԵǶһȦҹ顣
ɫĹľҵ͵һľòƳɵģ
ۿ۹ľĶܽʯڣҿտҲʯͷߵˮ֮ǰڵľףȴһν
ۣ
ʯͷ۾ֱֱںɫĹľڻعͷ˵֪ΪʲôĹĹ˰ɣ
ף˾ȻǺһΰĵͬʱҲһһ׷ĵ벻ȻѰҵ˲ͳȪԲΪľڳȪ֮С
ʱʯͷָָľ֮ʱҲſľ֮ڲȪϣһʯˣҲǺװ
Ƕ˷һΪҵʯͷ˵⻰ʱҸоʲô۾һֱͣڳȪľϣȻһҲû뿪
ͻһѵʯͷҲ볤
ҹʯͷߵ˳Ȫ֮ڣ̨лأʯͷСĵ㣬ʯͷȴ˵ĹѾػأΨһûлصĵط
ʯͷ˵ΪԼǿԸģô»Լ
ʯͷĻ£ܾʯͷĻƺﲻԣ⾰֮ʯͷѾ˹ľΪԼֻΪ˲ͳȪԼԲ׸Ҳûжϡ
ľױ򿪵һ˲䣬ҿʯͷɫͻȻˣضľڣȻһĲš
ǰȥҪʯͷȴͻȻҴ󺰣Сģ
˵֮Ѿ˳ȪıԵݵĽ̨ϣľڵһѾ۵ף
ҿҿľڵ龰֮ʯͷͻȻҿǺԥغ˹׸ǡ
ȴֻǴؿʯͷһУΪѾľڵ龰ˡ
ʯͷϹ׸֮תͷңګګؿԼҲ֪ʯͷڹľڿʲô
ʯͷҷı飬֪Ѿ˵Сģܿˣ
˵⻰ʱ쳣飬óЩ
ȫЩͻȻʯͷ˵˭ľ˭
˵Ҿͳǰȥһѽ׸Ƶֻڹľͷһʯͷһģһ棬һһ㡣
Ҫȥ̽ľ˵ĺʯͷȴѾһסңҾҵţѾһƬհףʯͷҴֲʯͷһƴϣȻҴ𣺡СģЩ˲ң
ҰʯͷһƣѲ٣ʯͷʱָֻƽ˵һȪˮϣ
ҿʯͷڳȪһȪˮҸӵһ˲䣬͸ˮ棬ҿʯͷͻȻתվ־Ȼһ
ϸ룬ֻ֪ʯͷҪҲҸûл˼ҼҲˮС
Ȫˮ䣬ҹ˲Щ価ˮ֮Ѹվͷʱʯͷվʯ̨ϣһȵؿҡ
ʯͷҲ˽ˮۼֿ죬ȴʯͷˮء


ʮ 
ʯͷ׷ҸоĹվһˣǹңӦǶʯͷϤҵĶʯͷٶһҾͿǹ
ҾȵؿˣȻƤ
Ƥǹʯͷ߱˵ʯͷͻˣ㵽˭
ʯͷڳȪ֮һҲûлشƤֻҲվ֮䣬ҳʣƤ㲻𣿡
Ƥȴûشҵ⣬ؾʣСĶүû°ɣ
ҵͷʱĹ֮½½߽ҿˣǴްһˡ
ްǰ棬ƤȴһҲȣͭȳӿƤʯͷŵ龰µСӣ㲻뵽Ǵһʼͷɣ
ҾʯͷĬЩ죬ЩʯͷƢҷִްһֱͣʯͷϣȴҲǹŹ쳣
ҸеЩ΢ʱҵͻȻһˮֻƤʹްͻȻɫȻƤѾ۶˰
һͷȥֻʯͷѾʧֻзɽˮڿУһͷܵˮرϣֻԭݵˮز֪ʱѾһھʯͷǱѾûӰ
ʯͷߣƤǹߵߣһʱ䷢ô£ЩӦƤߵʱͻȻͷһʼ⣺Ƥް˵㲻𣿡
ҿƤϵı鲻Ȼ˵ްΪˣȴһ
Ƥ˵ʱһֱҲٴʵȻһֱʹްһô·;һͬе˭𣿡
Ƥҵ˼ΪҾƺѾһͬеЩ˶һ
һͷԴް˵ްһֱ󣬿ֲǷǲǣ
ްûзϣ˵һֱǰ棬ûиǡ
ް˵Ҳߵ˳Ȫϣˮرߵ̨ӣȻ絽˰Źľ̨֮ϡ
ֻްȥľʲôҿִӡʯͷһֱȥƺѰʲô
һʲôҲûҵһ飬ʲôҲûС
ʱҿްȵı飬ܵģ
Ҳ֪ްѰʲô˼ؿʲôڷٵشֹް˼Ƭ̣ͻȻתͷңҵСĶүʯͷ˳ȪˮûУ
Ҳ״ްΪҪʣҡҡͷްҡͷɫ˲Ѿˣҿӻͳһֻϸؿʱ䣬ȻļȻϻ˵һ
ް˵꿴ŹľڵˣȻͳǹ׼˵Ȼҵ˲ͳȪϧȴԶ޷
˵Ŵްǹľڵġʯͷϣһ֮Ծ̨˵ǵøϽ뿪
ްĻû˵ֻ꣬쳹Ĺͷҵͷһ֪ˮѾĹͷ
龰ǶԥǷ׷׳ĹͷȥҿƬˮˮٶȷǳ죬ް˿ͷյĲ˵ȥ
˵ǶȥڵﲻµʱҲſŲһеʯˣ̬죬еѾˤˣеĻʯһ̵ӣĸʯˣ۾ǿնģѾˡ
ҹ˲ÿЩʯˣϲòʵ̫ˣ漸ԸƬҿһӰߣΪ̫ԶԵʣҿ˾˭ŵЩ֡
ֻһ۵Ĺʧ˲УҲ֪ԼûۻҲҿ϶Ǻʹްһֱûڲï֦ܵС
ް˵òһֱ쵽ɽˣȥİ취
ˮȻǵķǳ죬ȴԶûٶȿ죬ҺܿǾ˲ҲɽˣǼӲʯڣѾͷ
ֵǣͷʯϣȴһڶıڻڲڣһʼǲûп
ڻܼ򵥣һ޴Ľ̾һò֮ϣӺһϸϣȻ֦֣֮֮Ĵ֡
Ҿڻʵ̫һЩǾʱͻȻָ󺰵ǿʲô
ҰǿҶȥֻ֮һ޴˻һ˻ڲ֮ӿӿţĲѾûֻʣڣ˻Уһֻ޴İɫЩţȻһͬڻлŵһСĽߣ
龰ﶼ͵һ㤣ķǳǶģ
ͬڻһ㣬òߵ֮أ
ѾˮʯڣѾûκε·
ߵٶȷǳ죬ת֮Ѿ˲£Ҳ֪ΪʲôдĹĻأԵ޹ʲˮô
ǧһʱֻ̣ǵͷͻȻҵġ¡ֻʯʯ׹䣬űڻڲϣҵʯԴԴϵȻϷըɽ
ҿǾ޴޷Ӵ̽ͷŲһȦȦ
ˣǰֻһĴڣѾǣѾ
ֻоòҵҡò޴ҡεáɳɳ죬Щվȣֻα˲ɣۿŽߵĴԽԽѾŵ˴


ʮ Ӫ
ⲻ֦ïܣ޴ʯ鶼סˣЩµʯ鲻зͨͨȱը̧ͣͷȥȴʯϷѾһĶڡ
֣ͻȻһӴӶ£Ǽ˾һ׷׳ĵط
ըҩըµʯ˽ߵϣʹŭҸоŭҡòˮѾû˲룬ĿȥƬѾΪһƬ
Ҹ˲ЩҾΣʱǴްƤǶңȥҼȾ־֣Ϊζ˿أ
ĺܿ죬Ĵľ֮䴩ţ۶˲֦ҡεľǵһüҶˤȥ
ҺòץסӣʱߵĴѾ˸ǰһؽŲʱо޴֦֮Уʹްһ˾ҽ£ҲѾ뿪֦ȫӣǾһϵһϵƣըʯ
ҴûӣֻоǳһҲûмɣĺǻҲǡʱֻʯͻȻһֱôϸϣ³ͷƤһӷɿһִֻȥɾʱͻȻӿٶȳҶһʱץӣһֻֻоһɣӾµ䡣
ĲѾ޴ĽŰʣ޼ֱֱ׹䣬ļ϶ȥ
ˣ룬µһ˲䣬ҿڲϵ޴ҲǱͬʱһĺ쳹ɽСģ
Ǵްˮ
ôߵĵطˤ䣬ʹˮҲܣֻоȫɢһʹŶ߾ǡ๾ࡱˮѾˮȥҵԴһƬֻʶһģ
ȴǺһˮʱһϢнһƣȻҵʶģһƬ֮С
ѹʱƮ棬ȫãûһ̧Ƥ˿ΧȫǺڶһƬֻ΢Ĺˮ׷һ֦ϲŲԼȥ
Ҳ֪ôץס֦ģ֦ӦǾ޴ĽڣΪҵ߻Ʈ֦֦ҶҶƬһļž޴ĽѾ֪٣ҵˮݵѾľôߵĵطûˤѾˡ
ˮ涼ƽģһȦҲûУſ֦һֻܶضˮ淢
ͻȻҿƽˮԶһȦȦشžˮڲԶΪǽֳˣǻͷһȴһˣϸһʯͷ
ʯͷεߣס֦ңҲûκα飬ֻ˵Ҿ֪뿪˵ġ
ûнӻҲӣҸû˵һ֣ʯͷҲң֦޴ĲǱΡ
ΪҵԵʣƶٶȷǳȵ֮Ҳŷһþ޴ĲѾ۶ˣֻʣһعͺͺɣڵУڱ˴Ƭط֪޴Ľ߸ɵġ
ʯͷѡһʮִ׳֦ͣȥԼҲ棬Һû˵ϢһͻȻҶܼҿժĹʵ
ժһЩڱҲժ࣬ߣһſι
Ϣһ΢һЩʵⶫʲôã
ҵ˻ģʮ΢ʯͷ˸ҽͣ˵ұⶫͻʯ
˵ְˮյߣҺһЩˮûгԲҩ֪ˮɬ쳣źֵζ
ʯͷüͷںȣ˵ǳȪˮΪ˻᲻ˮ
ҲʯͷΪʲôҪҳ֪ǲĹʵǳȪˮ˶кģңҳȻû˿ķӦ
ѾԹϴμҪʯʱ
ʯͷĹʵιԼ棬Ҳ˿۳ȪˮͻȻЦˣ˵㻹ΪҪ㣿
Ҳ˵ʯͷ᲻ẦԼҲ֪Ͼһ·ʯͷ̫ڹ죬ϸϸ룬˾ûһġ
ʯͷҲ˵ΪĬˣǿ֦ϣźͷ˵ָ˲࣬ٽȥĹһˣǶֻҵõ˱˶ͽͶѣ
ʯͷ⻰˵ĲɵģƺⱾͲһֵùĵ£Ҫҵʲô˵ֻ֪
ѹûⶫֻ֪ʯͷ˵ⶫҷŽȥģûѲϴηʱ
ҵԴһѵʧһ£Ĺ
ҡҡͷ˵ҽĻӦкۼŶԣر鲼θӣ˵׽ȥֱǲܣ;ƻʲôأ൱ڰԼα֤κλأȫ˵أ
ʧٵһĹȥأĹѾҵƺͱĹǲʵ
Ҹӹǣ֪·ڵĻ֮УҲ˿Ӱ죬ȻүүǱĬĻ
ԽԽľĻôΪ̽Ѱģȴһìͷ׼ԼҾȻһеʼٸߣ
ʱҵһӣҵȷʲôҲ֪Ҳǵã־ĹʲôҪĶҪһ˴µѰң


ʮ ʧ
ֱҸоһĿһֱעңҲŷʯͷʼնĥ۹⿴ңĿ⿴һ£һغ£ѵʯͷĹ͵ϮҾΪҽԵʣ
ͬʱһԺ𽥳ͣǾʯͷ֪·ôĳȪˮĹʵҿΪʯϱģôȪˮǴģ
ҴӴްĻҲƲ㣬ްĻӿ϶ǽĿ֮һǺȳȪˮȻȳȪˮֻңΪʲôҪȳȪˮ
ްõҵĻش֮Ҳ²⵽ʯͷ֮ǰѾҪҵĶԲžҪ뿪ھʲôѵ֪߻ֺ
һһҪϢĸоѾʯͷʳĳȪˮ⡣
ʯͷȴػش˵һȪˮʱʹģһֱ죬ʲôʱʯͷһۣڸңǰ
ǰһɺϣҵͻȻ©˰ģǰүүȥʱ
֮ǰһΪүүֻĳĻôѾֻһӣһ꣬ûмǴүү뿪һ࣬үү뿪ԵѾǵˣ˵ѵʯͷһ
Ҳʱ򣬳ȪˮζٴλζˮǰҲȹǵģүү֮Һ˳Ȫˮ
Щ²ԣһҵĵһغ£ҵĿ־ҺȻһ
ҴŴͷѾһϸʯͷңʱҲע⵽ҵѾԶˣʯͷѾָ˵ǳȥˮǾͳȥˡ
ҵͷʯͷҾ彲˽ȥˣΪˮԵʣʯѾûˮףǱҪǱȥұﹻ㹻ΪӽȥҲҪӣҼǲҽ˺δǾҪá
ʯͷЩ˵ã׼ûУҵͷʯͷ˵ҸͺãȻһǱ˽ȥҲһʯͷǱˮС
Һʯͷһ·ǱˮףǰԼɼʯݵӰӣǵǵʯݸǰŷ֣ʯѾˣʯбţȥ·Ѿµʯͷ׷
ʯͷʯΧһȦڱССʯͷʵʵȥǶ˵᲻Щʯͷ
ʯͷˮ׸ҴһƣʾȥҵһҲҪþǺʯͷˮˮϣʯͷ˵ǸȥըҩŪЩʯ
Ȳ˵ûըҩеˮôȼҲǸ⣬˵ĻǸ޷ȥĹ档
ʯͷ˼Ƭ̣ͻȻûдʯ
ҡҡͷҴŵΩһһѾι棬뵽ͻȻʯͷòʯͷԵɣֱ췽ҹ̷ôʯͷҪųԵ꣬ʯͷҲ̫쿪һЩ
ҾԵЩʯͷôʯͷˣζԸǣѣʯͷû뵽һ㡣
ʯͷֳ˼һ˵ԭصȥȥͻأһشѾˮʧ
Ҳ֪ʯͷ뵽ʲôֻԭصҽӴˮϳڲ֦ϣҲȥͻȻоЩԾ߲֪ʱѾһߣҶ֮У֮µһ˫۾ҡ
Ҿ֮ЩЦãҾôǽߣܻн䵥ʱңʯͷŸߣһ߻سǰ
ʮ־ؿңҿĴҶ֮趯ţƺǷ𹥻ǰԤףҽֻ쵽ȥȴˣ
͵һҾͽģѵˮ֮ˣ
ûֻؿߵĴֳѵעҪɥڴˣ
룬ڽߵĴʱҴһˮҵĶһֵˮȴûиҿĴַ˻ȥ
ſ֦һҶضʱҷ֣ȻڳԲĹʵ
ҵĴԶ·һӣΪһǵѪѪģǱʵĶɱģȻҲûпɱѪߵģѾ϶߾ⶫ
ȴڳԲĹʵͻȻѵѪֻһżȻ
ʱһȻ뵽һ⣬ֻһþ޴ĲйʵĲûУҲ뵽ʯݶϵ龰ĸʯ֮УʯǳȪòǴӳȪ֮ģ
ǲǣĸȡˮҲӦǳȪˮĲȴȪԶԲŲʵ
һǳҪȴƫƫץԴҲ벻͸⾿ΪʲôܸоͰǰҾǿš
ʱͻȻ̧ͷȻѸٴҶΪҪңû뵽ȴһˮУˡ
ͬʱһˮﴫתͷʱʯͷ֪Ѿð˳Ρ
ͻ͸治ɣ
ҵĲ²ȷģʯͷȷ棬ԼѪһ·Ҫôȥˮ׵ʯͷʯͷˮ˵óȪˮ
ұʾףʯͷȴһ⣬˵ΪʲôĹôϡŹֵĶߣʬ̦ʬӣ棬󵽷֩룿ҵȻ֪ʯͷ˵ΪòͳȪˮ


ʮһ ʯͷ
Ϊʲôʯͷûϸ˵һʱ˵ѾֱȽȥ
µʣʯˮףȪˮҲˮˮˮʧֻʣôһȪˮνȥ
ʯͷֻ˵а취Ҵű𶯣˵žǱˮס
ˮͷҲʯͷʧҺʯͷģǱһǱˮУ뿴ûˮУֻˮһƬ׺ĶζţҷĹ֪Щ档
ҲͬʱҿԶһӰǰΪֻһ۵ĹҸûп壬֪ʯͷΪʯͷǰ棬ˮ׽ȥ
ҵĵһͷʯͷΣգҹ˲ôǱȥӰˮֻǳһ˲ʧӰ٣ҸǱ̮ʯʯͷˮĳȪˮʯϡ
ʯͷѳȪˮóһ˲䣬ҿеͻȻʯѷιȥʯͷƺ֪ˮóȥ̸֮
ͻͷʱʯͷʱһӰͻȻҿӰһʯͷĴȥҿϸõľȻҶʧ
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ʯͷʱǱңʶʲôƶ㿪һȴѾˣֻ̽ļϡ
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ʯͷȴڰ֣Ȼ͵ذ˳γʱѪ罦ȻֹҲֹס
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ڽҪҵʯͷ˵ǼΪҸоһͿҪﲻסǽѾܾˡ
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Ѿ϶ҪҵĶ̧кʯͷȴҲ̧ͷͿƬѾ˹


ʮ ·
սȥҿʯͷѾιұα߳Ҵƣҿһֱָͷ̧ͷȥֻĹҵĶ̮ʯѾʱѾǰֻܼˣȻǽߡ
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ƺү֪һ㣬ҿԾʧԣǿһЦҵΪʲôȥܼҵݣǳ¼ҵݣ


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үڸҵᵽȣûʱ䣬ڻʧ֮Ÿдţл˵﷢ѾԽԽϣҲ˵үͻмƻȥľףȴ﷢⣬ڷԽԽƿزˣǳүŲò
ǵɻˣҸûʲô԰үΪʲȴдŸĴ壿
ȻѾҺȥƤҼԵʰһЩƷڱ·ָƤһ绰Ƥڵ绰ͷЩԾ˵ǵ˾˵Ȼ͹˵绰
ָƤһԼĵ棬ר⣬ǿ˵ƤĶȻͬµأȴ档
ƤĵܼլԶͨ绰ǵʱѾ˵ţֻһСţᳵ·ȥƤѾʰ
ƤҺһ֣٩ҵСĶүдҪˣ
֪ƤһֱҲ棬ֻǳɵ֣ѾϰƤ˵ʽֻʰûУƤһ˵͵ˣתңѾ˵СģҪȥľף
˵ǣְѾϸں˵ˣ۾ɵôģ쵷ĳһ䣺үЦ˭֪ľһֻ˲ܽȥĵض
֣ƤҲãƺľ׶ʮϤƤʲôԵʣƤһ˼ضңЩȵңСģ˵㲻֪ʷϺܳ˳£


ʮ ֮
ƤʧҡҡͷƤһۣҵСƽʱ֪ʶҲͦģƫƫʱɵһһ֪
εЦЦƤ˳˵ˣ˵ȴĩŬһδ˵
˳˵˵ŬԶ֮սﱻԬԶһںĸºȴŬľ׵£˵ǲû֪һȴֵŵģǾŬȷԶ֮սĸºϣľ֮Ҳûг
ȥľ̽µԭίȴһЩ˶ʧľףӴľ׾ͳһ̸֮ɫĵط˵ľΧɽ￴ܶˣ״죬Ǹطֱ֮Ϊ֮
⾿жٿŶȣȴ˭Ҳ֪Ƥ˵Ȼү涼Ѿ˵ˣ֮Եֻ²Ƕﴫ
Ļôľײһ˲ܽĽ𣬳үðʧȥֻ
ͻȻ뵽˻Ǻ˫ۺӣ£Ƥ˵Щ֮ҽľϵǴһ˵һ˵
ж룬ֻеҵ˳ү֪࣬ƤڵǵʱѾϵ֣˵ȻȥǱŲֺϴˣŵù
һѾ˴ӵҲŸմӵȴ߹ȥһˣӰźϤֻΪһû
ֻоӰĵ׺֮ǾǸôһɴӲǼǲ
Һԥ׷ȥֻսұߵСҸȥʱѾˣСһˡ
ãȻػͷĹˣѾû˵ӰƤָ˹ҳʲô£ʱֻúܻ㱣֪Ϊʲô˵ĳһ⣬Щֲ˭ȴȻһҲ֪
վɵһֶӣڻƤ٩Сģʱˣ
ң˭ˣ
˭ԼҲ֪ҸоһʮϤˣɾ޷òŪһ󼱣һָоһܹؼˡ
ֿ˵ʱȣûжʣʱȥľˣұֵĻѣڵȷЩʱ߻ȥѾڳ⣬ûжʣֻЦźҴкСĶүؼˡ
֪ǲΪүүͽܵĹϵֵܾЦرͰ׽УҲЦЦ˵壬ֱӺСľУСĶүСĶүĺҲϰߡ
ЦЦȴû˵˳˳£Żͷ˵һ䣺СĶүСĶүƺĺʱͲ˵ˡ
ζؿһۣҿó۵׵Ĺģ˵תӣ˵СĶү۶үڣȥľðա
óķʽȰңûһԣƤתͷҲңһض˵Ǹ缸ȥľ̫ðգһиʧ˵̫үǱ߷Ƿ첻ɡ
˵Ҿ;ˣ̫үѾ˵ôº󷴻ڣȻҿó۰ңұϾܼҵˣҲﱲΪҲġ
ֿóʲôһ䣺̫үɱԼﱲУ㣬˭˼Բչ˵ģܼҼλүҲûеõĶ衣
Ҳ֪ڿһңֻ֪үү̫үǰ˰֮һ忴غϸϸЩȻ̫ү˿үү壬ȴΪ֮ǰﲢû˵Ӱӣ
ҾүүȥҲûһλ˳֣뵽үүȥĳʱͻȻ˸ոտ˵ԣүүϣҿˣͬ˵үүǰһѡ
֮һӡ̣ȫΪ˵һ˵Сİɣүү㣬һģһ
ң֪ΪʲôһϤУˣǻ塣
һ·ȥľ׵ʱѾ󣬶Ҳǵ֪֮үַһڣľΡ
ڵ֪ϢʱҶʱеһҲ˵үѾȥľףʱҲ˼ľʮ죬ʮҪν˰롣
Ҳ˵ӦѾȥľϾҪ˰롣
ҸоƺͻȻˣһү̽ѰЩʣѾʧȥټ
ҽǵʮ죬Ѿǳү˵һ죬Ҳ֪ү澿ʲôΣգҺ޲ͳľ棬ҵүһеࡣ
Ҳүֻʱľ׸ס£ָңǱ׼ȥľס
ҺֵһʱĳȰһ˵ľ̫ΣգҲȥðա
֪ΪҺãҾǾҲòȥľףΪүԭ򣬸ʲôںһ
˵ңֻһ̾˵ҵĹִ۶үֱһģһ
Ҳÿɷ֪ԼִҹִúĪһΣֺƤȴû˵ʲô֪ǺҲһ뷨ǣֺֻƤǵ뷨ͷת䡣
һת䣬һˣĳ˳״Ҫͷ
ڳ¼ǼǸˣڵڶһʱס޵õ꣬͵˵ҡ
Ҳ֪ҵҵģ֮֮žͿվǰ΢ЦźһСĶү
޷ݵʱ𾪣֮˺þòŷӦſȴǺܲòһ仰ô㣿


ʮ ʯϻ
ƺ֪Ϊʲô棬ֻЦЦֻǺܵȻض˵ҺҲˣڰɫѪĹ
Ļ»صѪĹ֮Уҵļʼͣڵǰһֻ̣Ǽ֮ҿ϶˴ӵǸ˵ȷ
Ұ˳ȥˣֻһڣҾ׼ʱң˶ڵʱ
ֻһ֮˾ͶˣǼ˵ʱɻ󣬵ǸǾȣ򶨣һһкóһŵݸǣȴүүıʼ
˵۶үţľҡ
үүţ˶һ֪үүǰѾȥˣѵǰүүѾԤϵ˽²ɣ
ҴŲŵݸң˵㿴ɣ
ҽӹŵһ۾ǿдŵڣǿ֮̾ͽԭأڣʮǰͳүдŵھȻͬһ졣
޷ŵĿ⿴ҵͷƺڸʵҿ
ҿݣȻ̣ܶȴҼϢ棬֪˽
үү˵֪ҪľͷȥȥðգҲ֪޷ֹңǾͰľңһȥľס
ǸҪϢȴںΣүүںε˵һ𾪶˼Ļ˵һˣܺСĽйأүү˵ҵʱ򣬰Ÿҿʲôȫ
үүСʶ֣ҵıʼҲүүļһģһֻǿʼѾȷ߰˷֣ٿţѾٻɣȷүүдţɻүүǻŻˣ
ңүүţǰֻ伣һְ취˵ҿ֪ܲүүĳҺܶ࣬취Щҳүүûɵ£ֻѿǵİ취˶Ŀ
˵⻰ʱע⵽ֵķӦȻû˿ȣҸо֪үүŵ£ôȰһҲ̽ҵĿڷ磬ȥˣͲңҲȥôǽȥӦҲүүİŲŶԡ
ȻĻүүԥһ󣬻ش˵үүʮǰѾľףڹѾ
ȻɺϣүʮǰľףүүҲǣ˵үүͳүһ𣬶˵үүѾ;˱ǣֻűǽȥͿԡ
ֻ˵ô࣬үүΪʲôȥľףҡҡͷ˵֪ȥүү
ЩͻȻҲʶүүҵӡүүֻһͨˣÿΪæµΪƲģǴԼ֮ǰֺʯͷУȴоүүһصˣ˭һض˲õֻ۶үƺͿ˵һС
Щ֮󣬵ţ˵үүѾľȥĻ˵׷ϣҲүүİΣ˵ľųΣա
ֲŸңһҲүүյͽܣ˵ҽСģΪܼڵģүүҲǣүүĵĸͽܣҲĩһ
ֱѾȥľ׵·ϣһҵ࣬ҵ۶үӻͽܣ
Ϊӹ˵ǲģͽҪﱲһ水Ⱳ㣬ԼɳԼһңⲻͬݣŲͬĺ壬Ҳ۶үﲻͬҡ
һ·ϼƲ֣ǿ˵뿪һЩΪڵ۶үͳүİΣȴ֪ȫһ¡
ǽľ׺ӣľ״ϿȣѾïܵգҵҲԽԽվҶ߾ľ׺¡¡ˮ뵽Ͽ֮Ǿƫɽ·һ·᫶͵ȥ
˿ʱҿͻȻּѰʲôָ۶үµıǣѾľ׸۶үӦ±˲Ŷԡ
һȦȴûУҲЩɻʱҲע⵽Ҳã֣Ƕ֪ȥ·
ҲΪʲô۶үҪ;±ǵԭֻûбǣǸҲȥ·ʵҲľ׹һ棬˵ǻܱȵľΣȥʱʶ·һҲ߳
Ҳǣóָ룬ָضãͷת޷
𲻳򣬴ȫתͷңҼǶңЩ飬ңСĶүǵνȥ
Ҿʵ֣ûľףô֪ȥ·Ӻ˵ǲǵãҡҡͷ˵֪
һĪչʱͻȻﴫһſһ㡣
ѭȥȥǴһ´ģϥǸߵӲݣӲݰǿȴһȦʯǴӶʯ淢ġ
ѵһ˲ɣƤ
Ƕʯ澹ȻһڣһʯϻӣʯϻѾˣмϿشʯϻﴫҵ񾭽ţʯϻӲ󣬲װһ˵ӣˣ˭ڿޣ
ʯϻӣֲʯϻӣͻȻһ׻Ķʯϻӱۼֿ죬Ͻ֣ⶫѸӲݶһܣߣͬʱһԶȥ
ߣվ׷ûԥҲȥҼߵٶȣǳ죬ڲݴܲ׷֣׷˺ܾ֮Ѿ˽ߵټҲ
󿴵Уһߣֱ۴ϸǴ﷢ģ


ʮ ʯ
ֻ׷ߣҲ֪ǵԥʱͻȻֻǰ治Զһľ֣߽ЩһȻһ
ֵľͷһ洹ֱ⻬ʯڣʯڶԶԶȥǴϳһ
ʯ磬Ȼ¾ȴưܣȴһĸоһоŲ㣬ÿһ㶼ģÿܽ϶һͭɽ紵ͭҡҷ죬Զ
ȴֵֹģ˵ĶĤһܵĸо̧ͷͿʯܽ£ڿ
߷Ƕʱһתͷʯ档
˵ֽи@£ģǵĻ˵Ƿڣ˼
һֱΪֻзͽĵطŻȴҡҡͷ˵ʲôĿĶǷڣر֮ǰ˷ڣһ֮ң֮ǰΪ¥
˵ĿǰΪֹҴ¥ֻ׷ݵ¥ȴ޶伣ҲһЩĹıڻϿ֪¥ԭ׷ݵܳ
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ΪѾߵ¥֮£ŵĸ֣Ǵ׭ҲС׭ȴǶ޷ϵ壬ȴ֣ĸ֣Ȼڲ﷢ֵͭϵһģһ
㣬ҲȥȴҲһɻӣЩȣöͭϵĶڿĸֵʱΪȴǵһμı飿
ҵЩؼ¶һ˵ĸо﷭츲ؽһ󵨵뷨ɣǸ¼ǵͭĺڵһ
ȻҲųװ֪ĿܣҾǵһֵĿҪһЩĻʱͭ˵ֻͭʯͷ֪оǽͭˣҶû˵
һĸ֣ƺתͷ˿˵֪˵һۣ˵⡣
ǵĸֵ˼ʱȴ˵˵ԭֻ˵ĸһɣǲ˵ģ˵ʱһֱڿңȻһһ˵ĸֵ˼ʵС֪
Ҿ㵵ؿ֪˵ʲôҾȣ˵ȻѾõ˻ôӦѾһ仰
һУξĹѵ
ҿʱֻоһĪĸоĵףͷÿһ¹Ȼ򵥣Ѿŵõˮ©
һѵȴ˵ڣҸ֪仰ȴĸֵĽͣ
ôĻͿΪʲôһ¥󣬶˵ȥɫĹ֮ǰѾ϶һľף
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ҵͷˣǲܰ;ϣһ˵֮֮ү˵ģǱѡ񣡡
˵ߵ¥֮ǰƿ¥ʯš
¥ʯűƿʱһɳϢһĪ䣬ȥĵһۣҿһƬʰ쵣ֻһ¥Ŀʵıڻӵذ嵽ǽڣٵ󶥡
Щʰ쵵ıڻ֮ϣһ໥Щ˶һͣһһţ˿ŵĵزеĶѾ۳˲˼ĽǶȡ
˵￴ҵȷЩԾһֱΪֻһ˵ѡ
˵¥һ岿ɣعɲǷڣĻľײĵعһЩƷĶһǽЩҲ֮Ǽֵǵı
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ҿתʯһ棬һȴ쳣⻬ʲôҲûУָȥһ䣬һ
ʯ
ָоͷʯĴһģһֻҲΪôһʯǷʯҲ˵ˣƷģôʯҲӦƷŶԡ
֮˵һʯΪĥ˹⻬ʯͷ棬ȷԿǵӰرֵһ棬һӦ棬ΪĥҪֵһ⻬վǰ棬ԿӰ
ңʯͨ嶼ǺɫģǺʯȴֲͨһǶ֪Ĳʡ
ţžҿٿʱȴ͵һΪҿҵͷһˣ
һ͵ػͷȥͷȴʲôҲûУתͷ˿ܣʲôҲûУҲŵٴοʯʯͷҲûˡ
ҲΪҲ˻þҵĵȷȷһˣһͷһˣңһ
ֿһŵɫҷʲô£ҪҪҸոտĶǻҿڣͻȻ͵һѽƿͬʱСģ
ұ͵һƣĲȣڵϣͬʱҿһ׻ĶǰһΣ䵽ʯϣȻǰ׷ߣ
ĸʯصţβʹʯϣӳһģһӰӣĴһȺˣһӤļŭԤף
ҴӵҸնͽֶ׼ң̲Ҷˣͬʱֻܽǵͭҵҡţ̶Ȼޱȣ


ʮ ΣڵϦ
Ҹе¥Щ΢΢ֻ¥Ϸһƺʲôڵѣ¥ϵĻҳһ˲䣬ҾͿ˴¥Ľߣ
ʯϵĽ߼ͬĵӼ˻Щ½½Ľߵ˻Ҳͬ˻ƺڻӦһ㳯ǾۼڵϸһҶĬĬ䣬ս
ҷƶҺܲΪұôһƣȫ˶飬һʯһͷĸˣʯһ߿Ҹż
ǲҲڳҴɫʾұҿЩҲûмҪǵ˼ֻϣٲһһ
ĽൽҳԾ¥СĿռϾͱĽ뵽ȥģһս
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ʱҲȷһֱԺһ²⣬Щ̵ģǵӺ֮Ҳòϵһ𣬻ߣ߾Ҳ˵һ
ڽ߶ΧʱҿͻȻˣֻͻȻʲô˳ȥҲҿĸޱȣѾá
еĶӳȥ֮ڽըһ̣ʯңֺƤˮͨӳȥ
Ƕֵһ˲䣬ֻѾн߷۵糸سӭ
ͬʱֳҴһСģۣ
һûӦֻһǵصسҼǿҵĹ̵ұܵر۾һҵıըҶȻ۾ҲܸоյĹȶȣ¶ڿеļһۣͬʱһɴ̱ǵĽ˱ǶҸϢ
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ִ򿪴ȥȴѸٸĽѾֺƤΧסҾһƤΣգ
һźЩѾ͵˵˵ϣƤĵӵϣѾûʱǧһʱҿ͵˵ƤϣӭĽ߶ʱû
Ҵһ壡
ȻҾͲһеسȥǷһ߶棬˫ֲһеȥЩߣ
ҿڽ߶ͷţң˵СĶүۣ
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Щ߶ѧͭصеĽһ˻ֵȫΧͭΧһһ߿ǽһκŽǣ
ΪǾҪȥʱͻȻ˻ĽһɢҿѸתӣǲ·Ѹߣֱˣһ㶵վԭأûӦʲô¡
ҿǰͭȻĦЩңҿ飬Ѹٵرţȴû˵ʲôͭݸңȻҿѾ֣żææͭԼϵȥ֡
ֵѾҲ̶ãҿѾ˺üףĵ׶ʱһֹѾˡ
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ڣѹĸоᣬȴ
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ʱ˵Ѿʮַ˶٣ƺûʲôȻֿڣҾƴ˵˵СĶүо仰뵥˵
ҽյֵߣöҶһһ˵СĶүʯͷӣ㣬ǣľס


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ֵͻȻȻֹͬʱֻоӵͻȻ͵һҶ߾ҵȻʱ̡
ҷסҳһţֻäĿغȴûȥ˼Ҫ˵ľʲô
ֵֻӾҵزţҿ۾ɵôģ촽ţƺ˵û˵ĻĽ͵һţӾͳ׽Ӳˡ
ҵԴһը˹һҴԭأֵӣһƬհס
ְһ˻˵ǰ˰ɣ
һعȴУӱߵĴִˣ涼ѾǽѣҲܿӱɽߵĳѨ
ֲ˵ˣ˵Ǿͽ˰ɣ¥ҲһĹǻҷҲ
ڵͷҵļȻ˵СģʱҲʣϵͭǴģ
ǽֵʬˣȻ¥һĹװĹǻңһ֮ͻȻԼƽûбˣҲûҸ¸
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С˿ڻòҿûһЩ򵥵ĴƤΪֻסˣϳһЩˣû˵
ֻЩǣԴӽ߿֮ͭ¥ûǵټֻ뿪ͭĸйأֻ֪öͭҾþȣ־֮С
ȵͭ¥һģһĸ֣֪öͭһ˵̫ɺһЩҲһ֤ҵĲ²⣬һͷβıڰɫĹͭ˾Ѿ֪Ҫľף˭ȴ֪
˵˵õͭḶ́ȴû˵ڳ¼ͭ£Ҳ֪Ǹ˵ʱڳ¼˵Ǿ仰˼ոշ£вٴη䡣
¥ﻹһЩرĶǷװõʯϻ
Щʯϻ¥ĵ㣬ֱȥǲ֪Ϊʲô¥ͻȻ֮˶ĽߣΪ¥ʯϻߣǴʯϻģʯϻȫѿˡ
ҿ˿Ҳ֪ΪʲôĽ߶һСΪʯϻһģƳģʯϻ﷢һǺϤĶʬ̦
ʯϻ㳤һȫʬ̦ȫǻģ
Ҵ¥õʯϻ˵ҲмٿڣֻҲף¥ΪʲôҪ˶ʯϻΪʲô߹棬ôȻǹؽõģʯϻӦܷģôģ
ʱں˵ʯϻгǺƺ
߽ȥȻʯϻ֮俴һѾˣֻɿعʯϻϣ˵ûһҳҹ֮ʯϻϣ˵ڽ֮߳Źȥģ
תͷȻǿŵģңнӡ
ܽΪʲôոûз磬¥ܽǵͭ˾ңҡһһӹɣˣҿʯϻųеĽߣ
µɻ˵Ļ˱벻½ߣٽ߲ṥߣ˭
¥˺˵ʯϻֻƬ̣ʯϻʬ̦ʯϻ̵̳һ㣬ֻôʯϻ׷˳ȥ¥˵¥ЩŹ֣һ˵ĹŹ֡
¥¥ʯˣЩʯ˵ȴܹŹ֣Ǵǽڡذ廹иϵ̳һЩʯǧٹ֣̬죬һıڻһ˲˼ĽǶȣڻһǣЩ˶ûӣظڵĲȻûпĵط
ҵߴЩʯ֮һɨȴȻʯ֮俴һΪԼۣգգ۾ٿһۣȻǸʯĿģ˫˫ţһˡ
Ϸ˵쳣ϤȻʯͷ
ȫǴһ͵һԴѪĹʧɢ֮Ҿûʯͷڼʯͷһģһʯ񣬾ȻЩĪϤС
ҲǴӵʯ񣬲Щʯ߽ȥҲʯͷʯҽȥȴСģҪȥ
Ļδ䣬´˻˻ҵͷȥֻҽµʯͻȻѿƣûҷӦҵĽ͵һգµʯƬ
⧲ӵʯ֮䣬ҵʼû뿪ʯͷʯ񣬶һһǶ֮ȴʯͷ󿴵һʯҲ̳Ŀȴҡ
Ȼ俴ԼЩѣΣǸɻ;ȣǲûеҿ壬ֻʯͷҵʯҲѿƣҸϽʯҲŸնµʯһѣһεȥͬʱҿʯͷҵʯѾʯ
ĶͬʱҸоұһɾ޴ûһعҸոڵĵط䡱һһʯЩʯ䵽ѳϸСʯͷ
һʯѣӦһ㣬¥ʯ񶼷׷ѣʱǰһʯͷ꣬ǲò㵽¥ʯͷ˳Ź¥ȥ
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ʯͷڲͣعƺҪ¥һ


ʮһ ʬ
ҽӶǾҵҡκʹӵص¡¡ҾЩԾƺǴʲôɣΪҿһ¥ʰ쵵ıڻѾѺۡ
¥Ҫˣ˵
ǱӴܣǶһ̣¥ʯͷȻѾ䣬ƿʯţԥسܳʮףǸܳȥʶʲôͻȻĹǻһͷ
ҵĻû˵ֻ꣬һ޴ġ¡ֻ¥ѵҰžҵ𶯣¥ٴҡʮ֮⣬ܸе𣬾ǵһ
Ϊ¥֮𶯾ͻʵȴһγҵϣ¥֮ǵĽ¸ӾҵΪ˱ǲò˿ʮףʱһҵġ¡
һͷȥʱȴոջʯͷ¥ͻȻʧǰǹ⻬ľڣ֮Ѿûν¥ֻһʮ׵ĴӳǰҲ˼ؿһĻȻѸܻȥ뿴
ֱʱ𶯲ͣЪҵԱߵʱѾһˮأˮð
֮£Ĺǻҿ϶ǲˣоûҵعڣ
ˮ֮󣬽ŵˮؾͿʼҵðݣЩˮݡ๾ࡱⷭţֻǲһ̣ˮصˮͺһ룬ڶرһУƺˮʲôڶڼһ
ĳֹ֮ͣһ룬ҿһƬɫĶƺˮ׸һƬƬˮ׶ںڵһƬ治ˮֻʲôĶɣҵˡ
ʱЩȫں˵ӶʱԭأҼƤ̴ͷȫ
ˮ׸ģȫʬ壬ֻһ˲䣬棬ܲ͸ʬ壡
ŵĲңƤɴ۾һعȻһĭĶʲôطͷôʬ壬Ҷõģ
Ҳע⵽ˣЩʬĿϸ壬˯Ļˣû˵İӣҸǵ·ϴŵľȻף
ЩһǾʬϾȻḡ
ɹûӦŬ˵
Ŭࣿ˾ţ
ҵȫһЩŬЩʬ˵ҲǼǰģôܺЩʬȥ¥ĵص׵ģ¥ҪЩʬϼǧ꣡
Ҹоǰ龰Ҷʱһε龰Ѿ֪ݣЩʬڸ֮õļͻȻʼףָȴǸõǰףҿǵڱɺɫҸƬ֮󣬾ͿʼݣƤŹ˸ʬģ
ҿǻٴγˮףǰģûκ춯ֻˮһȦȦĲصصš
ֻһĹ򣬺ٴλع鵽֮ǰӣۿ治Ÿո滹ʬɶѵĵطȴֻعһƬ峺Ͱ
ʬȥ֮ע۲ΧرǶŵʯڣֱʬȫȥǲſʯڼ쵽׵޴
ʯһֱ䵽￴ĵطڴִ󣬿ȥȻûһʴĺۼ
ȻҲֻܿţҲ壬ֿˣιȥһ뵽ոʬ壬ʹ濹ܣֿҵ˼˵ҺȥƤڰϣ
˵ֺ·˷ڰϣ˵Сһ㣬һвԾ
ֵͷȻˮҿǣһֱţֱǵʯڱߣҲһʯڱסҿЩʯڿһȦƺʲôȻֻصϣҿ˳Ǳ˽ȥ
һܿӣԽǱԽʧˮףҶʱԵʱһһȥҽؿˮ棬Ѿȥ˺üӣûͲסʱͻȻֻҵҡˮصҡţһȦȦĲơ
ֳˣҵԺ̳һͷҲʱҿǴһƣһû壬͵ˮһ꣬Ҳʧˮס
ҵһֺܲõԤУƤҵļʾ侲˵ٵȵȡ
ʱҿԭǶʯϵͻȻ͵رֱȻֻһˮ죬ʯѣų˺У
³ҵҲ͵³ҼҲؾˮƤˮУҲ
ƴԼʯڱΣҵԺֺֻҪ²źãĳ̫ڹ죬вõԤԽԽǿҡ
ȻεʯڱߵʱѾòټֻʯϵĶ˿ڻسǰҪǱȥȥǣȴожڶͷһȻǡ๾ࡱһݡ
ѵȥʬҪһԥͻȻŵ׵ŵһӲҵͷȥԵˮѾˣīˮȾһýŲ˲ȺƽȥˮͷͻȻһˣҼеʵ磬أ
ָָˮ˵ŵ£
˼ͻȻҲˮ˳ǺһЩˮҵؿһ߿Ա˵СģŲŲһڹľϡ


ʮ ʬ
Щ죬ȥôãȴŪһڹײģҵԱƣĽһ뿪ڹľ͸˳ҿһͨɫĹľ⼣Ѿˮݳںɫһס
֣ҵⶫģ
ָ⸱׾ͱţںʯڱϣֵĻһû¾ͺã˵ѹľŪȥ򿪿ʲôҲȷ﾿Ǹʲôط
ĸŹľӺ߿ҾЩԾǻͷȥѵĵطʱȴʯˮ²һӰһˡ
Ҳ̫ȷΪˮЩڣգգ۾ٿʱǸӰѾˣҶϸ˿ȻûУѵ濴ˣЩ㤡
Ƿ˺ܴ󾢲Ű״ӺŪ˰ϣҺƤȫѾʪ͸ˣò·šٴϣֺƤ·ѾĥףĥһȦ֮ȴûй׸ǣΪ׶һģһܷĹľ
Ǻ˿ҪֻӲذ⿪ǲûйߣֻܽһԣæһ죬ʱɫҲ𽥰ҶӶЩһЩҲܱ
ֻҺƤ·ûɣּɽʪأҲ䣬ǲЩɪɪּˣҺƤԭأǵЩһѣһҹҲԿ·
ֺܿʧҺƤڲݵϣһƤͻȻվߵԣҿ˿ͻȻЩԾ
Ƥıǿʲôһҿ
֣ͻȻͷңҵı֮£ȻɫѸٻָЦңСģôˣ
֪֪ʣҲ˵͸ֻ˵Щ
ʵҵȷʵЩ֮ǰֻǵİΣȻԼϻˣʱûϢС˿һۣԽԽҡ
ƤҲı飬ɫߣҾôˣҰ·˿ѾѿˣѪֿʼ˳ұˮ֮˿Щõӡ
ƤˣСǲҪˣǸ;סȴ֪Լ˵ģ
˵ȥҺıʪˣҩˮƤЩǿ˷˿ϣȻ˱ҲϣЩ֮Ѿװֺȴûл˼
ǻ᲻·ʲôƤһֱڷȫûע⵽ЩҲЩɻƤôôȤ
ûʳڣڵҲףһӰһҹɫغһҺܺ澿ʲô
˺ЩʱֺûлƤʱŴӴ͵ıлعɫһȥҲ̻ʧ٣
ԸеƤЩŭ⣬һЩƲסķ꣬ЩȻ˵֮վԭشתԲԾ
Ƥôˣ̽ʡ
ƤҳͣңƺеʵЩͻȻŷӦԼʧ̬£ǻûȣͻȻڶ˵Сģûоøոں﷢ЩԾ
ҵĺһѵƤҲָоҲɫʲôԾ
Ƥ룬˵СģûоѵЩĪֺֻˣôܰקˣңҲˣȥ֮ζ˾ңͲǱָҡġ
ȷҲйŹ֣Ƥƺʺ뵽һȥˣֳ֮ȻʲôҲûһⲻ̫
ƤңСģǴε԰Ҫʱ䣿
㣬˵Ҫһҡ
ƤʣִǱˮﵽ˶ʱ䣿
ҾƤҵģû˵ʲôҾѾڰʾңǾʾʲôȴȥ롣
˿ĭ˵߰˷ӵӡ
Ƥ˵ˣ˼Ѿǳԣֺˮ³ˣΪʲôֺ֮ȴ˭˵
ɻͻȻһҵˮƺʲô޴Ķ˺ҺƤվ
ͷһƬʲôҲ壬ΩһֻܿвԼڵţĶû˺ڰУƤӱȡֵͲȥ˲ԵĲƣʲôҲûС
ƤʯڣʲôҲûУҵѾرڻҹһʲôʳ֣ǵûаտȫˡ
һȦʲôҲûУŲĵתתҾһֻǿںɫϲ֪ʱѾһʬ壬תƤֵͲպôʬϣһ߸ɺԶڵĸʬȫڵˮԸողŴˮ
Ҹֲǣ۾ŵģ
۾ֱֱضңҿ˫۾һ˲䣬Ժ뵽ǻ壬һ˫۾ͻ۾һģһֻ۰׶ûͫס
Ƥĵϣ˿£ŵ˿ƤֵͲ̧һЩҲŷʬ岢ǰǿɹû˿ףϳู㣬ʬ̦һһֻɫĹҸӿֲǣȫĹͷƤ³˳ӽšȡ׵ͷͻٲȻѾһֻ
ҺƤѾ˵ߣҰγⶫ˹Ҫźã
һûãҵĽȴͻȻʲôץסҵͷȥֻ֪ʱӺһߣҵĽס


ʮ ҹ1
İں棬Ѿ쵽ҵĽűߣûзʱĺƣҪƤۼֿ죬סңҲʱһѾ˹ֻоһɶӲĶϣŸʴζҾ׹ˮС
ˮⶫѾϣҲһʬ壬һǰһƴذȥҾҵţһˮȴ˿á
Ƥ˹ңȴϵʬ巴סҲע⵽ⶫϵĸǹͷ֣
֣ЩεҺƤק
Уֻһҵˮ죬ʲô䵽ԣڰҿ壬ֺѸٺͲϵʬһš
ְҴʬϳңСģû°ɣ
ҡҡͷ˵ƤƤˮ
ҿѾƤټֿΧһȦǱˮҿǱȥѾɤۣѵƤϽˣ
˼ǺȥˮΣȻ͵ϣҵĵؿź棬ֺƤҪ²źá
ԼĪһСִˮͬʱĻƤʵû°ɣ
ûشңֻ߻˰ҲŷƤѾʧȥַ֪ذͣҺϣڰҿֱһ̷ֱֻۣӦˣ
ֵ͵͡šһ˵ֻǻֱۣûʲô󰭣˵תͷƤôˣ
˵
˵ְƤؿϣﴵæһƤ³һˮ˲٣ƤˣŵҲһƨ̱ڲݵʵôȥôʱ䣬ǲǳʲôˣ
ߣ˵֮ҿתͷ˿֣ƺֹӣֲӣҿı飬ûڣҲû˵
ҾЩ죬ֱңңʱƤʶЩǺˮڳ˹
ƤƤû°ɣ
Ƥֻʣôˣ
ҸˮˣԼ˼һƺʲôǲ˵ʲôҿź淢ҾЩһܲ
Ȼû£վڴҶʪģ˵Ѳ̵Ȱ·˵վǲŸľôˣ
ѾֵͲףֻ㵹ڵϣ׸ǵһԣѾˡ
Ҽǵˮǰúõģʱ׻ȱֻôһĹĶѾĪʧ٣Ѳɸոճֵʬ岢Ͻֻ
˵ֵͲ⣬ֻˮգʪһƬЩǴӺʬģԱգֻ׵һߣһкĽӡȥһнӡ˵Ľӡ
һ·ŽӡսˮֵͲˮһȦͻȻֵͲΪҪž˺ﴫһġ๾ࡱ
ҿѸٴӵվȻǴƣΪ̫ڵԵʣҿ壬뿪ʣߵ˵ͷж
ҼæֻһƬҵǣǳںڰٺڵĻܿҾʲôҲȴѾˣƤҲѾվԣȻǻҵ˼
Ҿ˵йŹ֣⻹ûҹؾѾʼˣƤҶС˵š
ֺʾˣˣܿ뿪˺ʮףѾ֣һͷһ֣ҹǺѹѹһƬοﻹïܵò͸֣ʱҸеһϢĸоӭƺԤʾҲǰȫĵط
ȻǸ˽һɽ͵ش𣬶ʱƬ֡ҡҷ죬֦ҡεͬʱɳɳҲҶĦģʲôڵߵ
ƺѾΧҽŵò˵ʱΧͻȻһƬƽǺġࡱġɳɳȻֹڵԽƽԽ񾭽ζһ̻ǾѾߡ
ţͻȻֻоŵµ͵ݣҾ͸ȥȥŵģǡ
ҲͷҲʯͷӻЩɢۣܵʱҸ˲ЩΪصһ˲䣬Ҿɳɳߡ
Ҹ˺µǣЩǴʬģҵһڲ󿴵ΣЩʬ壬֮ǰںɹ
ΧҲֲָĺڰ֪ںδԸоЩҿȴһʯ壬ȻԱȥҲǣҾʶⲻʯ壬ʯϻװõʯϻ
ҵʱ䵽˱㣬ﲻǽߵϳɣǵĻǾǲӡ
µʱ򣬵ͻȻһѾֵͲڿ壬ȫ˶˻ʯϻϣЩʯϻҵزͷƺһЩʱˡ
Ȼٹ۲Χŷһĵһĵطţҿ֮һζεŽΧΧɳɳЩģ


ʮ ҹ2
ǵʬѾɺԵٸɺԵģͨѪѾɣٴο⸱龰ȫһƤ񣬲ɻѵҲвɣ
ڵȴҶ룬£ͻȻΪʲôö˶˵¥ݳһˮأضʬѵص׸ο˲Ź֣ңڲµ֮УƺʬĶ
룬£ֻʬֻһ߾߻ζŹֵʬ壬ǵֲֳ
ҾһⶫҼҹ֮ʱſϵĸʬһ߾ߵشʬʱǳªɲӾĸһһǰ
Ȼȴ֪⾿ʲôֵͲϴһȦҲһֻ˵ôŮʬֻӦ
ĻǺ˵ģҲ֪ŮʬʲôҿӴżּɵʱҲЩûס
ţֺѾԣһһңС˵СģҺȥȴȥ
ŻҷӦֺѾҼǼҽʹһףҰԾڣȻ棬һʹ˳
˳Ŷ濴ȥֻͬķӰƤҲסƤɾʱŮʬͻȻ˹ֺϾ˼ǣͻȻֵ֮ͲʱһƬڣʲôҲֻƤƴذק
ƤܳЩԾƣƤ˵С֣ҵĽűסˣ
֪ƤʲôģҸذڣͬʱĻƤϵŮʬ
Ҽǲһеذγ嵽ߣŻûȫŮʬ̣ɳġɳɳȻⶫ
濴˿ʲôҲ˵ͳġɳɳûֺ
֣Һﺰ˼ҵĻȴûǵ
תͷ˿ƤȴתͷһӰƺվڻϣһ
ұһƤʱ˵Ƥ㿴ƺһˣ
˵ʱҿ˶ˣͻȻվѵǴܳˣ
ںҹֻܿһţȴòҿĵһۣҾȷһˣһֲ֪ĸо
ҿԭվһ룬ƺͷҲڿǣȻͷߣͻȻȵȡ
Ȼͣģؿתͷңһҿʲôһذף
ʯͷͻȻòܺҾ;˵ЩϤȻϲˣϵذȴû˿Լð
̻عͷ߼ٶȥһҺʯͷ
ûͣҲȥƤԺңСģȥʯͷ
Ƥ˵ʱѾ׷ȥԶʯͷݣҿźһתͽ֮УҸܽȥ֮УѾûӰҲܽȥǺԶ
뵽֮ɲʯͷӰӣվԭس濴˺ѹѹ֣ʲôûУäĿ޴ʱʯͷͻȻֳҲԶ׷ȥѸʧ֮С
׷׷ͣͣÿΪѾʧȥټʱܻڲԶһӵ
ֵľͷҿһƬӴķһĽߴĽżҹ󿴼ʯͷҲûټ
߽ȥ߽ҲŷЩʵĽȫ񣬶ңȫҼͭһģһʯ
Щʯߵʹ䣬һɽӣҿʯͷվʯˣһ
ŴʯȥڼһֱһҲһֱž޴ʯĵطƺʲô
ȥ£̧ͷȥʱ֪ʯͷΪʲôһֱһҲһʯ
ЩʧЩɻʯͷʯôᱻ޴ʯˣʯͷʯƽ룬ȥ֮ȴľסˣ޴ʯǹȻһż
Ҿȵתͷʯͷĵ񣬹Ȼϵ·ʶʯͷһģһʯıһı䣬۾ؿĳз档
˳ʯҲȥȴڷпһŵĻ⣬ǳڳ֮ͻȻϨ
⣬ѸٴʯϻǻûأȻʯվһˣûʯ޴Ӱ֮УҲ۾ȷԼûſںʯͷǲ㣿
ĪЦЦʱͻȻеһ͸ĵ׵⣬ЦһȵףֻǳѾȷʯͷ
˭ϸӰˣʵ
úһģһشңðôãΪԼǷģ
Ļһһ䣬Ǳذײҵ࣬Ҷʱһ㱣һ֪ģڰɫĹһֱӰΣָľףţͻȻóһۣĹ֮ǰҲĹȻû£ǲ˵ʯͷҲû£
ȷ˲˵һҵĴһ֮ڻָƽʣ㵽˭ΪʲôҪðҵӣ
һЦԼЦĪĹŹ֣Цգ˵ȻǷģôôӰɫĹյģһˣΪʲôֻһ˻ôص¼ǵģһµʱȥ


ʮ ҹ3
һǡö֪յףұʵƿԣͻȻúܺЦҾȻںһҳһģһڱ˭Сģ
ҷô֪𣿡
ĬһӣڱŶ񶾵ҾΪ֪֪ǼٵģΪ㣬˵ĶŻգ
Ļұǲŵģʱҵ͵һ⣬Ϊһ仰ʼնûǣҵУһֱͣУδϡ
仰ǻʯǰ˵ġ㾿˭㲻СģôСģ
һ̣ͻȻҲԼô˵ô˵ҡԼҲô˵
Ц˵֪ǼٵĲֻңʯͷ壬үֵȵȣߵ˶֪ǼٵģΪɵ𣡡
˵˶٣Ҹоƺƫͷһ۱ĵط΢ּ֮ͣ˵һӵǲǣ˭
Ҵҳһһţ´ʲôǾ˵ʱͻȻеһʮ־޴ҵĲϣһ̣ƺ»صһ죬ҴӵҲһҲ˹ȥ
Ҳعͷȴվһˣҿʯͷʯͷ
죬˵ʲôȴʯͷȣֻǰ䣬һǰ仰ģشҶҵԺ¡¡죺Сģ㲻Ӧľף
ߵ֦յá֨֨죬۾ףƤڰְ˿ڣƺʲôûзƺһжѾ
֪ΪΣĵһӦתͷȥףֻĹľһ˲䣬ҵԺʱһƬհףûб򿪣õڲݵϡ
ʱͻȻһսȫ͵һ䣬ŷԼȫʪ͸ƤҲʪһ
ˣƤ֦ң˵Сģˣ
ɻؿвԽʵôˣ
ƤЩؿңָԼʵ֪˭𣿡
Ҵ֣˵˵ģ
Ƥɵؿ˿ң˵㱻ŮʬϵȥˣҿֺϻüʱҲЩɹһˣ
Ƥ˵ţһδʯױ򿪺ȥ׷ʯͷȵȵ飬ҸҶૣҼǵȥһƬ棬һʯͷ͡
˵ͻȻ˵ȥΪ޷ǸˣǸһģһˣǸ˵Ƿĵˡ
ʱ͵ؿ̧ͷңͻȻúЩĪط㤣ҿƺ뿴ʲôɫ˻˵СģһԺˣոںӶѾˣûˣ
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ҰѱĶѾʪ˺ܶΣҪˣҷŪţͻȻõһЩ֣Ҽǵûڱһ
ϸ˿һ֧ĥúܹ⻬ͭܣָͷô˸ָĻƣһһѵ棬ϸ˿˰͹ƽӣǿĵԲΡ
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һŰְ˿ڣŲŲضԣҿҲʪģ߰·ңں׿ʲôرĶûУ
һʱܿʲôѽô׵Ķ֪ܼǵõֻұŮʬϽһСΣȫɲ׵Ļþˣʵʵҡҡͷְ·˷˵ҿʲôֵֹġ
ʣʲô㿴𣿡
ҡҡͷ㲻˵һͻȻС˵˰ںµ£ЩԾҾ˵ںôʱ䣬϶⡣
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ʮ ҹ4
˵ҲɻĵطڵĶѾ©ȥˣ˵ʱ׳ķǳ죬ܿ͵˺ףҺڰǰʧ˺ܳһʱ䣬ȥѰҵʱȴ
뾹Ȼ˼£һǱˮʱ䣬˵Ҳ߰˷ӵӣ˵ǣЩһӵ£Ҿмʡʲô߹ʲô
ʱڳ¼ǵʱ˵ҪɽĹļɣǲģ
־Ϊʲôᵽô֮ǰ飬ǵͷ˵ġ
Ҽ˵ȻһֱңΪʲôҪЩÿ˵ֻ˵һ룬ܻҪĲ֣֪ʲôʯͷүүҲ
Ҳ֪ǲĪĻþã֮ұöǾ仰ر⣬˵ߵÿһ˶֪ǼٵģҲò⡣
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ʶԼʧԣҪĿڣȴѾ˵˵ǲңҲûлң֮ԲңҲܽǼ龰
ʲôܽܵģѪĹԼˣϻʲôܽܵģ
һα˾ȵɫңԼ
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ƤһͻȻ˵Сģ˵䲻ģôǸûأ
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ƤǴģһһźڰƬǿ˵ʱȴƤΪʲôҪʣһſȥ߰ʮĺڰƬϣȻҵӣҺڵһģһ
Ƥ˵Сģ㿴棡
ҰƬȥֻɫԲдһС֣ҲΪԲдģûбˮɢֻдšһ߾꣬ģ
ƬһѣΣ˵еĻþһеľ޴ôƬǽһشƬϻ䣬Щۼֿ죬
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ҿƤ˵ʵҽһθеƤķڣһ㲻ƺͻȻ֮䣬֪࣬ұϬ˲٣
ûаƤ˼Ƥܹ뵽ЩһҲֵ֣óƬʼ˵һֱأһЩϸڻһʹȫѾʪ͸Ҳ·һԶš
ҶúֱܱһͦεɣȴЩŹַ֣һŹ֣ҺƤô˵ҲаȦλãոΰƬݸҵģû
ҶĿͻȻʣƤƬôģ


ʮ ҹ
ӣǱӸֲĶҾһߣ˵״ʵ̫ˣⲻһɽǷ仯ģ
ֺĲһ׷ȥƤƤһԽΣǺȻǰ
ʱҿڵϵƤͻȻڵϣͬʱıһںĶȻһŮʬڵϵƤֻʣ˺һƤ
ҶʱһҿŮʬֿ̱һƤƤⶫʲôʱмģǾȻ˿ûв
ҵļ»صǵһ̣ǵʱ˶ŮʬסΪʲôֻһ˱ϽףƤ£ڿ£ѾŮʬͿգŮʬĿܣ
ȫһزţ龰ʵ̫ھ㤣Ҳ֪ŮʬĿ֮ȻܰƤѧΩΩФӶƭˣ
Ůʬһֱҿ廹ڵˮȫªֲһһضţƺǷ𹥻ǰףһˣֺѾ˻Ůʬ˿ʮѸٵԾȥ׶Զֻ¾͵˺ߣȻԾ˺С
ֱ뿪ɾþδƤƤڻԱյһһҲȥˣƤ˲⣬ڻûеҹѾ˶ıʣ֪Ϊʲô֮ǰֻ˷ľס
ǰƤƤҼұͷⲻȥۿ̣ҿ˾ƲסԼ
˵СģⲻƤƤҲƤǷģ
ҼȫӦ⵹ô£Ҳüͷ֮ǰûзƤʲôԾ
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߹ȥߵʱҲһֻһҹĹѾˮݣЩѾ˺ϣҸӹǣǰҲˮݣ˵ģ˵ЩˮݶǴġ
֮ǰǶΪ⸱һȫܷģڿˮݲŷⲻҲͨףֻǹ׸Ǻ͹ˮ޷죬׿ˡ
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ƿףȻˮѾ˳׵ķ϶˳ǽϴȴɽνһ𣬸Ʋ
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ͷʬһͻȻü˵ʬйŹ֣ҿ˿ûĽϴطѰһ󣬾Ȼûҵϴ
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ֳ׵ƺʲôó貣һѽ𽣣һޱȡ
ְγ̾һý
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뿪Щǲ˳ֻʬȻ˳ȷԼûпһһױԵûйͷ
ˮ˳Ӹͷֻһ㣬ڵϾһС


ʮ 
ڳҲ֪ΪʲôҲϻĽ𽣣ּҺСģý𽣴ϵĻƽǷֹʬĶ
ʱû뷨ֵĻγ𽣶ʬʹȥƺ½𽣣ŤŤ𽣸պôˮݶУҿ𽣴ȥˮݶʱήɺɫֻգ۵ĹѾ̼¶ļŷֽ𽣸պôĲ
һȥͷʬҲˣҿϤһĻʬ̿ʼήԭļѸʧȥˮ֣Źȥһ߸ʬ
˸ʬήƽһһϣŷʬϵģǴȥģԽ϶ҶԻƽײԭϵĲ²⣬ֹʬȥģ
ҲҰѽ𽣰γֶֺϸϸͷʬϵĻƽף˵ƾӦĶҲ֪ҵĲ²ȷŬľҲƽףֻǲ⣬һֱ֪ʲô⣬һ֧սȫ
˵ֿ֪˼ԣǴ𰸣˵¥ͽһҲ˵һֻǺڸΪǵرݵԵʡ
󵨵Ĳ²⣬ͻȻ¥֮ûͨع·᲻汾һǵعֻҲΪǵعĹľΪ¥ҲǼǧǰĶôعҲӦǸΪϵĲŶԣ
뵽ƺЩһЩͷǸߺֻ֮һδҵȷ֤ݣȫҵƾղ²⣡
ҿóִҪȥһ뷨ȷɹʬ壬һи޷ĶֻȴͳˮݣȲ˵ˮݵаﳤͨˮҲҪģΪˮݼ׽˲סӶˮһŶָ˺ȥǸ޷ҵһϵŵࡣ
ýķʱҸо͵һֱۣʱҲע⵽һֱҺԵ飬ĵѪͼûʧڲ֪ʲôԵһ˳ҰһһʹС
־ҵʹҵľֵֽͬʱԸоھ͵ѪܣͬʱҲܸеѪʲôߡ
ҵһǸһĶ滹ڣֻΪʲôôʱ䶼úõģȴڹȴͻȻ
ҿһ۲ʬϵĽ𽣣ѵΪԵʣҲƲӣǸոҵȷְνͷʬѵֻշڵض
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˵ſڣȴָŲͣҵľҵţѵʯֳˣƺѾʶҷʲôͻȻȡ±ҵطŪţһȴʲôҲûзֻǽǵҴ˵ģȥˣ
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ֿȻ󽫱ݺݵڵϣסһʵСģоôˣû°ɣ
޷˵彩Ӳûֻ֪ܽضּ֣ӣͻȻɿң˵չ˺ҵȥƤ
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ҲͻȻΩһܻ۾㶵ؿſ˵ȴһҲ˵ֻܶ۾˵ҾСģ
𽥱ɱһһ˵ڰɫĹҾʹ㣬㵱ʱҲ˵СģҾͺܻɣʱһ˴ӵ㻹ǵðɣ
ҺżĻ棬ӵĵȷҲȷں˵˵ʲôȴˡ
˵û㣬ȴ벻֣ҽߣ˵СѪĹ﾿ʲô£
Ҳ֪˵Ǹ˭ʯͷϣ˵ȥ֪ڵⷢȫ
ָҵĲϣ˵һֱ㣬ӽľһֱעһһȻģµĺ񣬵Щʼ޷ģµģͲСģ
ҸоѽԽԽһԼ޷֪գô϶˵ҲǷģô˭־˭
ʱҿͻȻܳһˣ춯عͷȴ͵رɫ㣡
ʯͷվøӱ䣬Ҳ֪δѪĹӳģֻ˵СģҲֻһ
û˵ֻǿʯͷãʣΪʲôô϶
ʯͷңֻ˵һ䡪Ϊ
˵ӱóʯӺˮߵߣʯιȻ˳ȪˮҳȥЩ֮˿Żƽ׵ʬ壬ֿ˿Զ׺ˮݣѾһЩ


ʮ ͬ
ҿڸʬţֻ˻ƽ棬ƽסꡱһɿʯͷѻƽȡҿڱŸʬƤ׺͸ʬȻѾճһ
ʯͷŻƽߵߣȻ˽ȥźһȦ¿˿ĵΣֿ˿ףʲôҲû˵
ҳ𽥻ֱָ֪ܶʯͷ˵ǴӺǱȥȥʯͷȴû˵
һԲظǣмѽ𽣸ңûٽӣֳ֮ǰʯ״ֻˣ˵𽣸Ҳ÷
ߣʯͷˮݰǿһЩҷЩˮֻǳںϣûУҲ֪ûϸԵʻǺűģ֮ںûˮݡ
ʯͷ˵ҸΣҿķҲ֮ǰǷ׵ʯԣʯڱϣ˵ǾʹǱȥڡ
˵ʯͷǱ˽ȥһͷû˵ʲôһǱȥ谵ҸʯͷһֱʯȥǱȥҾͿй⡣
ʯͷҲˣͷҴһƣʾҸƿʯڣǱȥҸо׵ˮǳ䣬Ҳҵãܾúǳɶѵʬ壬Ͳ
Ȼ쵽׵ʱǳˮ׵ʬ壬ɹҲǶվںףƸǸһʯͷشЩʬ壬˿Ϊ⣬ֻӲͷƤҲȥǷĶʬС
ҵ۾һشЩʬɨȥҺЩʬ۾ǱŵģֻǴ֮ҵﻹЩ㤣ԼǿʯͷĶԽԽ
ʱ͵ظоԼĽױץסһͷȥ֪ʱѾӰһʬץҵĽϣ۾֪ʱѾˣضң˫۾ɲ죬ֻ۰ף
ʹҵָŵʬȴֶֻץסҵĽף֮࣬һ˳³һˮݣȴǵˮͬʱҿߵʬȫƶߣΧסҿǵ۾Ѿˣҡ
һۻӺԥҵʬϣȻҽ͵һţеѾﲻסһ˺һۣ£ʬѾڱιԴ޷ʯͷֻܸȥȵˮϻһ˵
ˮϸЩʬûиҳ棬һˮݣҰˮץӵڴڵغţͬʱҲؿ˿⣬ȴְһˣϣңҿӰЩϤȴ֪˭㶿һ룬ֻţһһʬ塣
˾ֻǼ˭ſںһ˭棿
ʱˮһˮҿһˮͻȻðڳȻˮݱ˦ʯͷϻһʯͷðˮʱϵǸͻȻվܣͷҲأʯͷ˵ΣҪ׷ˡ
ʯͷ׷ȥ֮ǰתͷ׸һңúⶫ
ҽӹһʺľУСɾ£һͭͭϸһ㶫õľеʱҸоأĴСܲء
ʯͷΰߣûκԥͳ׷˽ȥֻ㶵ںϣʯͷʧֻһˣžÿ£̲ס˸ս
ʱһʯͷʯϵںＤһˮ̧ͷȥֻӱֱ⻬ʯ̽һȻ̧ͷʱҺСģӺʯڵǸڣ
ոʧԭǴӶȥˣѵͨϱڵɽģ
ҵͷľʯǱȥûǱȥͻȻһӭҷӦһǰֻһŷŴġɺԶֲңҵַסԵʯھҪܿ߸ʬȴ͵ظоӱһסһͷһŮʬ
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Ҳ֪ľʯͷģֱҲŷŮʬǳľģȻʯͷóôһͲһ㶫ҽرţŮʬҴ࣬ҸǣʱͻȻǰŮʬ𽣹ᴩ֪ʱѾޱسһ˽ȥ
ڽ𽣹ᴩŮʬʱҿԭֵŮʬ͵˥ȥҲʱ򣬲Ůʬ͵طſң̾ʧں
γ𽣣ŮʬףҴƣû£ҡҡͷָָףʾҸȥҵͷǱȥ
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ҲǱңʵû°ɣ
ҡҡͷؿεЦЦ˵СģԲҲû㣬ʯͷ˵СģôͲ


ڰʮ ʬ
ʱҲڶʱǵͷ
˵ûнȥ棬ֻ˵һʯƺ͵ǰ¥ͨģվʱںѾľأǵˮ⣬ȴָأҼò
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ҵϵĶڿ˿źͺ˱ȣ˵¥ûеڸպǵھŲλãҲ˵ʯͨģǾΪʲôҪͨӣȴö֪
жܲ㣬ʯͷ˵ԥһңʯͷľԼ£᲻Ǹò׼
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ֱʱǲŷʯʯ֮ȴȫ
Щ⣬ҲһȻôʡ࣬һȥң˸εĽ˰׶ѱȥȴԼԼʲô
ҺһۣЩǼڣȫڿ֮󣬾Ȼڳһ
˳֣ЩŮʬȴֲŮʬ죬ֻЩֺ죬֮ʬȴ˿ûиãȻ
һˣıϢȴûУ˵һˣҾ֪νǰ龰ʶʲôֳԱ߼ڣȻڵͬĵط֮һͬʬ壬Ҳûк˿õʬ壡
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˵ˣ˵˵һֲˣûԱ𣬲Ůʳȴһ࣬ҲܽΪʲô»һ˵Ǳڵ´ڣʳĵط
˵ֹֻͣ轫ͿԣһٶʮһֻأһٶʮȻͻѹѹֻ֮ǰһǲ˥ϣ
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ܾЩʬйĪаҺŮʬֲ֮õԤУҶЩʬֿ˿ȴһϸ΢ϸڣÿһ϶һҼͭ˵ϵһģһ
ҸӣϵͭϵĲͬĺܺãȥ͸һȦֵ֣ҷҪȴȻ˴࣬Ȼһšˡ
ϸþòڶ쳣ܣѵͬʱֻԭʬƤͻȻ͵һ⣬йŹ֣Ѹٻͷһʬ壬Ωֻһڸɺԣԭʬ֮ԲȫΪԵʣ
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ʬһۣ˵ŮʬԶԶֹһߣ
˵̧ͷ˿۵ʯ˼ԶôһʯŶжٱŮʬǸ֪
ƺҪ֤ԼĲ²⣬ڳʬĵطڣ׶֮ٴڵһߣСؽߵɾѾʴֻʣЩ
龰ЩˣȻҪһٶʮܹ岻صôӦʴŶԣǿģ޷һٶʮͻȫʴ꣬ʱЩǶŮʬ
Ϊĳ߶ĹأŮʬĵطͻȻվһһ˵
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ҿţŲطţ˷˼طɫ͵һ䣬˵ЩʬǸȥģµģ


ڰʮһ ƽ
ֻʯͻȻɳɳǴʯģѸٿһۣ̰ϸסʬ壬ùУȥ
Һְ˽ŵذѱãȻ󳯺ķܣӾϿһۺֻƬѾŮʬ࣬Ѿȥˣһҧһͷʯܡ
ԾڳһͷѾŮʬظǣͷˣתʯƴܡ
Ҳ֪ǶʲôһɳɳңԶģƺʲôҪԺΧþò
Ůʬƶٶȷǳ죬ܿѾ׷Զҿ²ӣγ𽣣ͷնһŮʬϣҷֽ۴̵ŮʬʲôطֻҪӴǣ˲ʧȥҸӻʬ壬֮ҪŻƽףƽ𽣣ֻ¾ǷֹʬôҲһ
ȻҸ˲ЩΪԷ⣬ֻܰҲϣܹ˳ӳȥʱͷһ죬ֻʯһŮʬҼ˺ԥƴ˹ȥû뵽ҷӦ֮죬ǰһֱͷһĿӡ
һЩϲҪһλȥֻŮʬȻڵϣһȻʧȥҾȻͬĹЧ֮вЩĪĹ裬һͷһ󣬻һŮʬ׷󣬵ɵĽ𽣣ֻʯϲǰ
Һ߾ǵĹߣల߳˺Զ
ܿ죬ʯͨһտĵطŮʬ֪٣һ߽ʯ
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ǰȥȴס˵𶯣лأ
䣬ֻӶʯ͵һǶۼֿ죬䣬һż͡Ǹովŵĵطûʯ֮УβҡΣȵϣֻҪû˴֧ȥ
Һӵſʯϵİƾǰĵط룬ʯЩʯӣվ޷䵽ĵطʯһ׵ʯ档
ҿʯӸոأʹ˷һȦҿľոҺסңֻѾɸˡ
Ǿֿ֮࣬Щ˺֮⣬֮ھްƺҲѾʶ⣬Ƭֳ̣ʯһʯӣӵԶһЩֱӽʯӽ˻ƽԡ
ûֵһʲôҲûһ˵ڵĵطǰȫģ
ʱһ춯ŮʬѾؾȻһӿʮֻ֮࣡
޷ĹˣֻܺӲӲս˽𽣣Ҳ˺ЩŮʬһսľĽһͷŽȳȥҿ˲ûŮʬУҲȥǲһţŮʬʯԴԴϵӿǶȻҺɱ˲ŮʬҲЩ
ǱŮʬ߱Ǳ˵ĹұϣǵĽѾվ˻شıϣһĹͻɴ⬣
ЩŮʬѹûԥ˹ȥȴȻŮʬסһ˲ĲȣȥȴûұŮʬ˵ŹĹҵĵϣһ˲䣬˷ļ
һ˲͵رסŮʬӣϣҵĹڶּѾٴŮʬѹϾҵطţֲ͸϶ûҵļͷʱʹðǣҲסŮʬŮʬȫǼʹڵϷš
жʱһֻԴԴϵسҾҾҪȥʱҿͻȻ˵ϣеļû
һ˲ԺһƬհףҷӦʱıѾ˴⬣ȴذңһסеҰƽŲ
ϸһԴԴϵĹеŮʬѾһֻ⬣ڵһҲòȥɰϵ˻ƽԣƱ򷭣Ϩҹ˲Щڰ֣Ѫ˳Ⱦʪ½ţƺҪ˵ʲô
סŬȥ˵Сģ˵ûľף㡢һʯͷֻܻһǻһȥ̽ѰƷҴӽľ֮ʱֻ֪ҪСģҾֵãʯͷҲһҿľף֪Ѿ׼Ϊֻ̽Ѱࡣ
˵˶٣ƺЩ˻˵Щڲ˵Զ֪ΪʯͷܸЩʯͷʯͷ۶үӹĺӣܼСĶүʵСĶүĴһԼԼֻм֪СģһҪסغԼ
˵ʱȫͻȻҵزѪһڿڵشӿҲ˵һֻ֣أԵţ۾ضңȻ͵һţͫɢڳ׹ƽ


ڰʮ ֮ҹ1
ˣҵԺֻһͷһûдĹͻȻ͵һֻĹҳ˺ڵĵطȫݣݵһ̼ȻֹͣҿǻŮʬͻ䣬мֻ׹ȥҵͷ˿ֻҽѾ׹һ׵Ԩֻһʯ֧ڵʯ̨
ʶĳҴȥıлظұţŶԵվżϵʹƻƽס
Ҹо׸Ǻ͹ûнֻǻƽأԲЩƲҼֱ䴩ʹϾֻһӵƣŪһСʱŴһ죬ȫǺ˿Ѫѵؿڻƽԡ
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ŵŷժ˻ƽߣµȷһ۾ţȴǸˣ־òԣǻƽɵģѵҿ˲ɣ
뵽壬ȷǻƽɵĲҾɻ죬ʱֻ֣һͷ­ͷ­ȫǻƽɵӡ
ͷʬ˵Ӧͷʬͷ­ˣֻҲ⣬ΪʲôͬһȴҪͷ­ֿʬ廹ʬˣ
Ůʬ½ôͷ­ûƽ߸ǣɻƽģǲҲΪ˷ֹʬ䣬ʲôʬ
ʣȴҲһ𰸣ҪʱͻȻöһƬֻǻŮʬͻȻһɢҿȥֻʯͷվһͷҡ
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ҿһʬ壬ʯͷҵ˼ʬһһ˱ϵĽѪ࣬ʯͷȡʯӷֹһЩȪˮȥҿʯͷЩЩ⣬ʯͷ˵طаŵĻʬ䣬ʯӺͳȪˮţһʬԲŮʬЩҿʬ壡
ʯͷһУӻƽｫǿͷ­óҲؾͽԨȥҿͷ­ʱʯͷɫһ˿ƺⶫֻ˵ⶫڣٻʬ塣
ʯͷʬŻػƽڣȻ󽫹׸ƹϣң㻹ܹܲȥ
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ҾͶǵˣڻԹȥһ̣ΪѾˣѹʱǾ޴ķХҰ޵ĵͺһڶȥڰзǵ㣬ͬʱо޴ӰҹĻ֮£ʶ
ұŮʬ׻ԺεĵطҼǵǰƬ޴Ӱߴʯͷĵ
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ȻѾգҲģʯͷ˵סһһҲŸѣ˻һ˵ǲľףǵΣղʼ
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˦˦ͷ­ȥЩǽԺ˯˹ȥ


ڰʮ ֮ҹ2
Ҳ֪ҵĴΣʼ˽۾ȴ˾һ޷һ֣Щ˽Ҷߣɾ˵ʲôȴһҲ塣
˹þҪĳһʱǰҹҲͷ˿ʯͷĵطȴǿյģһһ飬ûİӰӡ
ҵĳ˳ǡʱʯһߴһֵƹʯ߹ȥʯһ֣ʯ񱳺ԶԶ˵Ӱӣϸϸ˿ʯͷڵϣƺʲôԵࡣ
Щɻôҹģʯͷʲô
ŵشʯ߹ȥʯͷ񣬿ѾûвҵӲ棬ʯͷڵĿ濴ȥֻܿһ˫ţȻһˣǾ˭ȴ壬ҸһЩתһǶ֮ҿʯͷߵıУҲ֪ʯͷʲôʱ˳ұѾˣտҲֻʯͷϼʬϴ
ҿ˿ˣŻƽߣòԽɻֿ˿ȴ͵طֲԾôźһģһ·
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ʯͷҲƽ´ʬϣȻϣҿѾõĻƽף֪õԭЩҲֲûء
ʯͷŪ֮󣬽һϣڿ֮ҲӿͻȻƽǳƽҿһʯͷôģ
ʯͷҡҡͷֻһЩֵоﲻԾ͹ǾͿҿһĻ˵ҲڳģϵʱѾˣҲѾںãʬ档
侲֮ҾΣƤΪʲôȴźһģһ·ƤôԵ޹ʵ
ʯͷǲӣϵҼܣûʲô˵Ȼȥ˵ûԣһǰһصʯ£ʯ£˵㿴ĲƤ
û˵֪ȻʯͷԸңôͻ֪Ķҡ
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ڰʮ ֮ҹ3
֪ʯͷעߵȷں˵ĵȷʯͷҴӲɡ
Һϼһ·ϵ飬ȴƤһطɣ̬ʵЩΣģңȻں߷ƤȥˣôƤȥңʲôʱʼƤλãƤȥ
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ҴĦʯͷĻһʱ仹ЩⲻˣΪѾ֪ߵʲôģʲôǷġ
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ͷƤЩ飬ÿһжڱ˵ļ֮УһʲôĸܣʯͷȴΪȻ˵ڹ۲ģ£Ϊȡ׼ǵÿһϸڶǳΪ֮覴ãǲ©ǵκһһ
ʯͷ˵ĺܣ뿴Щ˾ʲôطǣʲôʯͷûңֻӲͷƤ·
ǲŽų֮ûԶͻȻų֮͵һ⣬ֻһźɫźŵӹų֮ڿбѣǳ¼ǵźŵ
źŵʯͷ͵תͷң¼ǻ˽ľף
ҡҡͷֻ֪үͻǰճү˼ڹѾľΣȥôܻԲǳүôǳүֻ˭ó¼ǵźŵ
ʯͷѸٱ˱䣬ȻٳźŵķȥֻźŵոϨһٴֱʣһ巢ɫźŵʮΣźţﾹȻһ巢βŻ˷ųôźŵȣ
ԺһȦҲ벻¼Ǿ˭ľףֻܽغʯͷϹȥ
źŵĵطǱͲԶֻųǵƾһԹʮַʱ䣬ǸϵźŵĴµط֮󣬸ûӰڰɫɽ龰ʱҲźţȴһˣ
ʯͷҲǵãһǽҵһӵʯͷǷʲôһѸǽţȻǽǹۡ
ʯͷǰߣתһ֮󣬹淢˶ڵϵĸǹʯͷ˿ӵѾˣø˵ͺڰɫõģ
ҶǹʯͷҲûϸϸֻͣͻȻ˷ɫĸأѵǳүͻ壿ʱʯͷѾǽڣ濴˿Ȼתͷ˵
ǽͷ˳ʯͷ˵ķ򿴹ȥֻһˣſţĶɢһأںԶҿ죬Ǹʯͷȥ
ʯͷ˿⣬źŵĲкô巢źŵӦöûˣʯͷ˵ʱüͷ壬ֱϳˣֻ˷ҲһȻ֡
ֲǣһ۾ƼϵۣʯͷͺȷѾˣվ˿ɢһصĶ
Щ޷ǶһЩճõĶһǿ˺ɫˮʯӣЩ֮䣬ʯͷˮţ˿ңǳȪˮ
ôȷֵģȴΪϵ˾֣ΪҼǵں˵ıƤˣʱƤѾǺһƤǲǣʵҲ֪
ʯͷʯһſżˮպãְתƵϣҿЩ⣬ʵԼҲɻ󣬲ŽųǣǵѾӶҶǿΪ֮Ҹ벻͸ǣǵƺԤıһǹǿġ
ôһ£ǴѪĹľףԼΪԼıôǣѵľ׻еˣ
ţҿʯͷ˵ĶţƺѰʲôҼһҵʲôȻ󻺻ؽƶͬʱƶĻ˵ʯͷڰϵƤ˺
ƤߣҽƤߺ滺ֵҺʯͷһƤһźϤƤ
ƤҳԺˣô£ںƤһαƤֵʯʬ壬ǴƤ߼ֵٰƤҿʯͷʯͷ䣬֪Ҳ˼⣡
˼һӣͻȻվƺѾ뵽ʲô˵ǸƤ⣬ϵˣ
˵ʯͷǽͷҪۻȥס˵ľ׵׼ǺʯͷȥΣգ
ʯͷʱѾԾǽͷҿͷ˵СģңסͬһطҪһ죬ûߣͷ


ڰʮ ֮ҹ4
˵꣬ʯͷӰʧǽ棬Ҳ֪ʯͷ뵽ʲôһǺܹؼϢ
ǽǣųﰲûһ˿ҿ˿⣬ǻɵһƬҰҵתһȦͣ˶ʬϡ
һҾЩԾҼǵʬ屻ʯͷ֮ǳģôͻȻңЩǲƤ߱˺֮۾ŵĻǱŵģ֮泯ң۾Ҳŵġ
Ϊȷʬû⣬վߵʬԱߣضһȷû֮һ۾ĺҹʵ㤣ָ۾۾
Ū֮»صǽ£Ȼոֻ龪һʼЩë³ʬ忴ȥⲻãһͷƤҪըһطʬ۾֪ʲôʱˣǣŵĵطŲ˰׶࣬һӿʬô࣬ŵҼҪ
ҲΪҵĴڵվѾҰγϣվԭغܾûʬ忴ңҲΧ﷢ë
ǶŵʱͻȻ洫һŲ˵ոյźŵǴģ֣ôûˣ
óƤƺںһ˵ҲϸûӦҽŲҲͻȻûˣЩ֣Ƿǽͷ濴ȥȥʱһӰԾûһȻҲû뵽ǽˣҲŵòᣬҿǽͷȥȻһ˺˭
죬ЩŵȥֻѾѸٵʣ
ǽͷϵһ㶣ȻغһСģ
ʱպƤҲҵһӿڱԹСģװأ
ҰսѾû˵ףҿһϵе龰Ѿû˼ɻңСģһʲô
£һˣﲻǻһʬ𣬶ҲķҲң
תͷ˿һɵˣոջʬ壬֪ʲôʱѾˣǽں棬ֻһˣ
ƤǽͷƺҲѾ뵽ʲô˵٩תɵСģôֻһˣأ
˵ҿһۣʲô鶼ûУҹɫҿϵϸڣҵĸоͳʱȫһҵĸоڳ¼ǵһμʱһģһ
װµƤƤȥˣĴ㣿
Ƥһ࣬˿˵СģҷһЩε£˵һţʮֹ顣
ҿƤɫܲ԰ף֪ΪΣʲô£
Ƥ˼һƺ֯ǣȻ˵Ƿ֣ľˣһģһ
Ҿȵؿ֪ǼٵģƤһȷǺ˵Щʲô˼ѵˣǷѾ˴ڣ
治ɫʣʲôˣ˵㣡
˵˵һ㡢ҡƤ֣һҲЩˣÿ˶һģһ
ҿƤƤͷ˵ֵҲ飬ںŻ᲻Ƕʲôʱ뿪ģƤ룬˵ˮ֮
һʼҲΪˮ֮ƤǺͲǻ£ƤڰºʱѾһˣʱֵֻİΣȴûעƤʯͷǾ仰ҵ治ỳɵôʱ
ʯͷ˵Ҳһһʧǰ˾Ѿһˣ˿ûʯͷ֪ʯͷľףΪҲ֪
ҿһƤѣһź⣬ǰվδ֪ˣһϲΣ
ҾԼװ£ǣô죿
˵ȴųǳȥԽԽãʡҹζ࣬ųǶһӶΣա
ԥҪҪһȥһ˿϶ǶԸ˵ģ֪ͻȻԶǽͷϻһӰת˲ţΪҹɫ谵ҿ壬Ƥǽڣ˲ûп
ʱ䣬ʵ˵˷ȵźŵҵûУ
Ƥҡҡͷ˵ȵ˿Ѿ˲⣬ǳȥ·ϻҲ˵һ
ʱͻȻǽڵĶվһˣǹңֻܿһţȴȷ⾿ʲôˡ
ҺԥؿǹֻǹҹĻ˵ԴϣƤعͷҿǵĺѾ򴩣ڶڶȴûѪԽҿ϶Ǽٵģ
ǹȴûе£ǻعͷ͵ǽڣҿǽվŵͻȻȥƤѾԾǽڣԥҪҪȥȴ͵ظоˣתͷȴסȴأֵǿߣǺܿͻ
һͷ֪ոΪһܹ׼ȷػ˵ĺףԭˣǸ˭ֿһۣƤ
߱߰Ҳ֪ľң˵ƤȷʼڼǣΣܾ۾עţȴκˡ˵ʵҲˣȥҲʱ֮Իȥôʱ䣬Ϊľ֤ʵǲˡ
ǹﶫתתȻһֱиǡ


ڰʮ ֮ҹ5
Ȼ˶ĵʮϤֵĵӦа֮ĵطתһȦҲֻ֪һֱǣǾʲôˣȴ޷ץۿɫѾˣֻû
ǻ֮Ǿ̷˲Ծһˮ˹ȥоƤܲԾǵһۿͷⲻƤ
˵ʵϣΪˮ֮ƤѾһˣǵϲŷ
ַı˰ȷƤɵģΪĻֱֲᷢҲͲ򿪱ȥΪڱƤƤԼļƻ֣鱳Σˮȥֵʱ֮ܽУװܵģʵǶȻٵƤȡ֮ɹƤ˵
˵ЩȻҲµһ㣬ȴû뵽ʵȻ˵Щҵأôûкһ𣿡
Ұʯº˵һ飬һ㵣Ȼͻһϧı飬˵Ȼ
ʲôȻȴһǹȴƤǹⶼЩʲôȻҵģƭСģ
ƤôˣƤһ˵ˣǺݳɵĸʬһƤѣ̵ģҲ֪ЩȥҵƤȻĺһģһ
ƤĻ̹ʶƤ£ҳһ˵ʵʯͷҵȻ˵棬ôһ
Ƥһ˽߸ʬɣƤæ̯֣˵£ЩʬɱҲµģֻҪֻܿˣΩһİ취ֻлƽ׺ϵ
ȻŮʬɵģֻҲⶫԲųŮʬĿǣһŮʬҪһƽ׺һҲˣȻҲĴǻƽײ˵оеģôŮʬҪķѶٻƽ𣬵Ҿǳģ
ҽں֮ǰ£ʵҺ֪ôˣǸźô£Ϊʲôֵı˵ΪʲôƤıɢ
Ƥ˵ҲżȻŷųǣɭֻţײ߽վҲƤ˵ų֮ϮʲôϮƤɫͻȻòҰףɫ˱˵һ㲻޷ŵĶҪƺǿԺ֮
ʱƤʲôӣ׷ʲôô£Ƥȴڲᣬ˵Ҳ޷ʱ廰˵ⶫҲǾס𽥵ֺƤɫ˱䣬ҾЩԾ˵ÿ̫֮ǰⶫԾʱǱ뾡ҵط
ֺƤѾ죬˵ֻǺСһ֣²ĳǳأʲôԭҲ֪ǹ⽨ڵ»Ǳû֪
ֺƤҪȥµĲ֣˵ϸûпĵطµĵθӣԲĵطܶࡣ
Ҹǣָһĸڣϱһڱλãߵ
ҵʱ֪Ϊʲôڽǵʱῴ˾޴ʯԭʯڵı־ʯлأֻƤʯȥתʯ۾ʯͻƿ¶ͨµڣҲƤĻҲҵõҲƻصˣһ޴ʯ˵Ҳмǧ֣ûأֻºŲʯ
ȥ֮Ҹеһ䣬ֱⲻǳǣĹ˵˭ѳнڵµģ˵һĹΪ˷ֹ֣ѱ潨һУ˾ס棬Щ˶֪飬ӶѵµĹڸҲһΡ
˭ĹὨӴӣҲö֪֮ҽȥ֮͸оһĹ
Ҹս£ڴһ޴ʯ¥һģһԽ϶ҵĲ²⣬¥ҲһĹⶫҲУ᲻ĹõⶫȻҲ֪⾿ʲô
ԽߣԽ϶ҶĲ²⣬Ϊ¶ȥ̨ʵ̫ˣоѾʮ֮¶ųƣһյյǽϣƿǧ겻𣬶ҴӲҪĳֻ¸á
ֱˣ̨ײʧǰǿտĵ磬˵һǣֻ˺ϱһʯµĳǳأʯ˳ƣѵյͬһ£зݣֵȵȣһ֮ǡ
һȥͷֻһ˳Ƶʯһֱ쵽׳ޱȣ
̫ѾãһȶȥƤ˵ЩݵĽȻһЩǺܰȫҽȥ֪֮Ƥ˵ĹָʲôطΪȥ֮ҾþһĹ֮С
ʯͷһʯ׵ӣй׸ǣҲлƣʯϷһյƣʯǰһֻƣǳ겻𣬳֮
Ƥкǽ£˵ʲôҪžͺãһһˣ־ʲôûȺ£
ɻʱͻȻʯĪһ𣬲ʯݣӦ£һۣһƣҴҳֻһʧžͻָ˰ѵѾˣ
ʱ͵ظоʯ¶Ƚ˽ֻһط䣬ȴǺ䣬䣬ĸо޷ݣ̲סֱ¡
ҿƵĻҲҡҷţƺܵĲҸѹ˺¾Ƥ˵ⶫȻƵĻҡҷһָֻ֮һҲʱʯݵͻȻȻ򿪣ųƺͺѸϨҸеһ紵ҿ⣬ȴʲôҲûУ


ڰʮ ֮ǣ1
ҿƤѯǲҿƤҡҡͷҲһ㵵ؿ⡣
ʲôҲûУʯǷյģ֮ڣƺͺϨ֮ʱ谵˲٣ҽŵؿ⣬ѵǶܵⶫѾǣ
ʱҿһӰͻȻɽͬʱųⶫиôͨɫȻɽȻ˳ƵĵƼϡ
һֻѻҿ֮Լ˵طôѻҲ࿴һۣⲻһ濴˲ٶߣѻûȴֻţֻΧһε״εץڵƼϡ
ǽڣһκˣѻֻ̫ڣ
ڵƼͣƬųдתȴɳȥ﷢ĽĽͨѻͬǡСǻȼյ
Ҳ֪ڸʲôٴȥֺƤȴƤɫѾһƬ԰ףǴͷģ
⵹ô£ͻȻʯﴫûǴ洫ģƺʲôôǽڣҿǽߣܹеǽڵ𶯡
һͷȥǽڣǻͷȴһ֪ʲôʱǳɫʯǽһ߲ĺӰֲˣһܵذţڶҸоҪ
һһӴӵϵʱҿⶫǽ˳һ뿪ǽڣͱɺɫڿƮɢ
ƤҲѾվҿһ˲䣬ʯͱĺӰǾƾմǽðһһӾͲǽڣӿ
ҿЩӰһĶڳӹˣȴ׷ᣬʱҹ˲òҪ˵ЩɣƤƤ⾿ʲô
Ƥ˿ĽڣֿϵӰɫЩѿֻ˵ЩӰҲûмֻŵѻʬڣר⣬ҲһЩڿϼһǵζͺһСȴֻ֪ΪʲôСɣ
ֻѻǽڣɻֻֿʬڣһ֮ٴʯеʯϣҿʯţȴ֪ڸʲô
ҿЩӰҲڳʯʯϾ£ҿֻһ˲䣬ʯѾӰǣڳؾں߿ĺף
ʬھվڱȾɺɫʯУҿЩӰʯںһ𣬰ɫʯҲ𽥱ĺɫһĪĹҿ͵һ¥󿴵ʯ澹Ȼ֮
˵ǿʯǾֹĺ棬ô⸱ʯھӿĽˮҿЩӰʯϲϵӿţţҿž
һʱ䱻ľ𶯣䲻ʬʱͻȻʯһûӦѾʧ⡣
ͬʱͻȻʯﴫһ춯ȴʯ׵Ĺ׸ڻƿʱҿѾϨĳͻȻйȻ͵ȼ
ƱȼĹʱڳƵͬʱҿЩĺɫӰڳƵҫ±ʰ쵣һʯϵƿһ⾿ʲôͼȴ壬ҶϸʯѾ򿪡
Ҵս˿ʯǵȷʬ壬ֲʬ壬Ϊҵȷ֪Ҫͷ­ȴߵӣ޷ȷ⾿ûм֣Ƿһң˾ÿֲǣǻŵģҿӱ׺ɫľţᴩʯ֮Уһ֩һϣε˩ʯ֮С
гȴ޲޵޴ӷֱ棬ŹŹֶҾü˵ҰУƤ˵ĵ֮ⶫ𣿡
Ƥҡҡͷ˵ǣҲɻ󣬿óҲǵһοⶫ֮һҲңͻȻʯ֮࣬ÿһʯﶼĻôЩʯⶫĵط
ţͻȻֻ洫һ¡涼ǽġ¡¡ˣɫһ䣬˵ã
ƺҲѾʶʲôǼæܳʯݣԤһǽڲ֪ʲôԵ̮ˣֻصʯͷѾ˿϶û£Ǽ˶һۣġ¡˷֮ǵĸڶѾ̮ˣ
Ҳ֪ʲôԭڵ̮ǺԵǣԲ⣬϶˹Ϊ֮Ժһľ֧һģһĶ飬޷ȷǲǡ
ţͻȻͷıڶжڶҿȥʱһŮʬһȺ˵Ҳʮֻ֮࣬Ǿ͵ڱڶϣһ
ƤҲѾˣѾ棬ŮʬѾǶԸˣĶ뵽ҾֵƤ˵ĵ֮ȴһֱûг֣˵ոӦⶫûǡ
ʳڣƤѾȿڣ˵Ȼڲ֪ĸΪλͻȻ̮ѡʱ򣬺Ҫֹ֮ȥ˵Ǿ⣡
˵Ƥͷܣ³ǳǰģڶŮʬǵһһƤ˿ЩŮʬһۣͻȻ˵ǾڸŮʬô
˵ţͻȻʯﴫһĺУֻʯеĶģҿһʯݣŷʯݵŲ֪ʱѾ¹ˣȴ˿ûвֿһȥҪȥʯš
Ҹֺ棬ʯʲôľʲô״ⶫİ
Сؽʯƿʯűƿһ˲䣬һɺɫɢƮģһɽζÿһȣǿ壬ֻɫͻȻһ⳯
ۼֿÿֻоһŻҵԻҵһ̣ҶȥŷǱʯĹ岻֪ΪͻȻŻֻʯ˳֮͹ڵϣʱҲŷгģֻǳѾսˣ޷ٷ廹ھҵȼš
һİڵţֱԽԽСֻʣһŻ⣬ҲϨʣһŽ̿
໥˿⾿ôһ£ɻʱֻǰʯͻȻڶðܵĻ棬ҿʯݾȻȼգѸǽںݶǰ̱һһ
һû׹ô£ֻͷŮʬͻȻ׷׵ȻȾǳصܡ


ڰʮ ֮ǣ2
һû׹ʲô£ͻȻ¡һֻȼյʯͻȻȥԶԶȥһŻ˵һ
ҿһ̴ʯݳȥĵطðȻһƬˮҲ˵ʯˮͻȻȼͻȻϨûӦʯͷΪʲôȼյģǰʯѾһӡ
߹ȥֻʯݵĵطһʮֹԲһ޷ԲȣΪƶҾȷģҲ˵ʯ汾һھ
ǾԽþѪĹľĹѲĸϵֻһȷǰھǲҲһĹ
ȼ֮ʯѾ׳ˮףˮǺҿȥ֮ǿĽֻһڰˣƺΪΪҿˮһֱ쵽¡
Ҷʱи󵨵뷨֮ǻ᲻ǽһϵģֻ֮ǵĵϿھĿڰˡ
ţͻȻֻˮ๾ࡱؿʼðݣںߵ龰治Ҳһڹľɣ
ˮڲͣðǲûκζҿ⾮ˮʼ½֪ʲôԵʡ
ֱˮһĵطҿˮͻȻðһһʯϸϸȴطһ׼ȷ˵ӦһΪϳһĶȴͭɵģ׶˹
˵ʵһǵһμ˾޴Ķ˺ϱô֣쳤ͭϳͭɵҶһƬƬ֦ͭϣ粻ϸˣǿھ׵
ˮλѸٵؽȥҸףȻҲ޷֪ж೤һ漣ΪĿ⣬ԽԽ֣һһ
ʵҺȥһ⾮Ͼ̫ˣһûпʸĵط޷ȥҲ˿˵ǿȥ
ҿһ°ȣðգһ׵ˮǸûпĵط
˵֮ѾóеӶһǴӱһʮ׳˵ҲʮףְӵһϵڹųƵʯϣȻʣµȫ˾˵ˮǿ˳
ҾƻУЩԾرǸոʯ߲ߵĶʯͻȻȼʵ̫ڹ졣
ƤһóǾֻ̾˵˹ĺܾʯݰѾʯݵȴҲ㿴ոյˮĶ˵Ҳʮףʯݵʯȥˮж˸һɶֻܾس뾮ףȴ˿𻵲
Ƥ˵һ벻ôǸոյľʼЩ벻ܾͨ©һЩҪĻڣ޷ϵ
Ѿʼ˳ȥܿѾȥһףҿĶˣȻϣһOKƣʾû⣬
Ƥ˵ȥֽûҪһЩ˳Ҳܿͽӽ
һ׶λãͻȻ洫һֵҿƤתͷƺǿʲôȻҿת˹ȥҲ֪Ƥʲô溰Ƥʲô£ƤȴûлӦһƬֵֻĻھ
Ҳ̧ͷ濴̧ͷʱͻȻеϵ͵һɣҾʧȥ˿Ķ׹ȥȻҸеұһ͵קסۼֿסңǾ޴ĳҲ˰ӣϣһֻҡ
ұһҲҶ¶һ¾ͰҲקһذˣҺ·ǹ⻬ģֵһֻץס˰͹·סңĻֻ˶Ҫ׹ȥ
һذֱҲ˵վϣŵȴ˿ûΪƤûƺǼʲôҺֺûлӦһİǲʱֻڳƵĹͻȻȫϨ滹Ǿ̱һƬڰ
ͻĺڰҵ۾κζҸĵƤһ治֪ʲôΣգ֮ǵĳȫϨ𣬸С£
ҲһӶˣѾ޷ȥǹѾȥˣǱ˾档
ҵĴԷٵתţִֵͲܣ棬ֵͲĹâ΢ƹʧΧĺڰУղıԵҲ֪߾һʲôĵطֳһ˵ȥҵ·Ҳһ
ѾΩһķˣֵͲգҷͭǶ׵ľ룬ֻܿİȥǼΣյ£вͻȥȥҲΪĿܡ
˵ŰֵͲݸңȥҿһȥɤϣһʧ֣ȥ
Ҷˣֺ˳صͭϣ֣ʾҰֵͲȥһĭһᣬֵͲӸ֣˴ȥ
ƿ̻ֿȫסոտѣʵȥֽ֮Ŷ׹̶ֻҪһЩȥͲ⡣
һϲոյĺѶʱһɨգҵϣԸܵı䣬ΪҴֵͲı͸ģԽ϶ټıôһҪʯ̶ܹɣѾúǲ˼顣
ţ䲻̧ۿʲôڶϸһ£ʱһ澹ȻһˣΪȫ͸ҿȫòֻһ˫۾رȻЩ磬ȴܿ϶һ˫ۣ
ҿʱ£͵һӾЩȣҵץرΣҽŻһֲȵƿ̣ǿס壬̧ͷֿ˿ȴطʲôҲûˣϸؿ˿ûУ
ǴѽҲɣϾֵͲĹ⣬Ҳпܣ濴ҵңСģôˣ
˵ƺжһֵͲһϸˣҸоûʲôҲû˵ֱҵͭϣҿʲôˣҸһ˫ۣƺиˣЩϾ͸ġ
ֵͲգû֣ȴƿ֣Ҷǿ֣Ҳ˿Ҳǲź˵һõģֻǲΪʲôҪӣҿ˿ͭϵͭҶӣ˵ҶӵӺɣҶһģһ


ڰʮ ֮ǣ3
ƺѾ˶ߣͷ˵һ÷ɣ˵Ƕ̫ĳݶģɣζ̫Ϣء
һֲøոʯῴ̫ڵʬڣԭϵģֻͭţ˵ոһʯΪʲôֶӦþǷţȻзţܿ϶һĹˣ
Ҳ֪ʲôҷźǲĹʲôϵ
ֽ͸˵һֳߣֻҪ־ζŻк֣ҲΪɽĹﳣҪͨѷŻڹ׸ϣԴﵽĹҸĿģ׸ϻửһߣӺͷ࣬ߣͷһĹΪʹĹҸ
£ǰһ᲻мһ˵˵ⲻǴ˵ѣۼͷķţЩŽɣҲò˵Ķġ
ҲܽΪʲôԼȼʯҲⶫǻ𾫣Ӿ磬ȴԼȴˡ
֮ͭ达ͶͭɵɣҶҲع֦ϣԽԽïܣ֦ҲԽԽֵͲ֦ķչȥȻָղ߼ʡ
Ҳ֪ھ쵽ʲôطֻȻһǲζ̫ڳ֣ȻһĹ˭Ĺ
ҺִЩïܽͭϣͭҶ໥ײͣһͻȻͣסһƣƺڲϸΧͭҶ
ȴһصı飬Ҳ˵ҲȥȴͭҶײһֵ֪ﴫģһ롱
Сʲôɫ˱俴ңҲˡ롯
ҵͷ˵һִ󺧣ϽֵͲȻѸҲԣʲôƣȻһΣͭſ¡
ҴҲҳΧĵģͭҶ΢ײţ롱һؿԸоǵʲôڶͭҶһӷҵҡ롱ҲԽԽ
ֽذңһܶȻҸеֱʲôڶȴֱд֡
ϸֱдÿһ֣˵Σգ
Ҳ֪ʲôΣգǿ˴ʧɫɫԲС£Ҹоǡ롱һֱǻʶڵĵطǸովŵĵطһֱΧǻͣѰǣ
ʱͻȻһ亹ַӦֻ¾͵汻ⶫˡ
һȻΧͻָ˰һȴҸ°˰ͭøһЩͬʱֱϼٵд
µĶʱҵţܸеظͭҲ
ʱ򣬡롱ͻȻҶܸеһƬӰվǲԶ֦ͭϣ롱ǴƬӰ﷢ģ߹ҲԽԽ
ʱͻȻеһ䣬ϴһɸʬζҲ֪ǲѾҺ־ͭϣסͲҶһһҿǵͣȥػص˺һҲֳȥ
ֱȥԶطͭϣð亹Ѿʪ·ɿҵ֣С˵ǿȥ
˵èֱҽҿóߵúСģߵ;ǾͭҶҲ֪ǾʲôҲ֪Ϊʲô˺
˺ܶ࣬ź˵ղǶԼԼ֣ͽ룬ֻ˵Ǻ룬ǾĶֻҪⶫһпֲ·
뾿ʲô˵˵һ߷ߡĶһȴֻʬһֻţͷϳֻ۾
һֹĵ֮ǾʲôطȻôûмĹ˭ĹһЩϡŹֵĶ
ֵ˼ȴԲҿĺܼƺһֱڶʲô˵ԽԶԽãⶫĹĹĻҲֻ࣬ⶫѷǻ֪ɳʸǿᣬܴʲôΣգȴδ֪
˵ŰɣţͻȻͷꡱһƺʲôѷҷӦʲôѸٵ
ͷʱһţȫǽײҺֲòٴοϣǶ˳֮ͭȥȻ֦ͭˡ
Щ죬֦ͭô˵Ҳһ֣Ƿ֧Ҳֱϸһͭʵɣô˵ϾͶˣ
ѵĳйأҵַһҲҶΪͷͭµڼҲ֪ж֦۶ϣֻܰͷһҪȻҪҲˣôǷǸҳɣ
ţͻȻеϲ֪ʲôֱϣָоʲôһ
һϽ֣Ա߸оҵ춯ҳʲô£Ҳҿ϶ֻ˵ж
ΪڰֻٴδֵͲգʲôҲûУҿ˿ȷûУЩ֣ոֱоʲôڶתͷֿһȦתͷȴϿһˣӱͭҶ֮նڲͣذڶš
էһһҲ֪˻ǹΪƮƮȥģֻܿ°˫ҲֺڰĻòҶ롣
ֵӴǿͭҶһˣֻһʬ壬һһʮֹʬ壬ͷ֮䣬ܿòȵȣٲȻһʻͷ­ĲӺȴԵúСžһͷСĹ
ϸϸ˾ͲѷеľΪͷµĲֶѾɺˣӸǸɺԵֱֻϸƤڹͷϣֽŶ·֮У·鶴
һ߹쵽µʬ壬Ҳ֪ʲôԭֵ̬ͷ­ǼͷһһΨѾ˸ʬҪɺԵ̶ֳȣ˵ҲҪиʮ֮ãҿ·ԼʮĻ߸ʱ
ʬԱ߿˿ȴȵط󻹹һߣһģһҾȵʱͻȻŵͷ­͵۾


ھʮ ֮ǣ4
۾ͬʱҿҲҲһߣҸоΧͭҶͻȻҡȫڡ죬һֻʲôʱͭȫʬ壬һɫ˹
龰ֵ̫ͻȻڵһʱ俴龰֮ҾȻûвȡκδʩǴؿЩӼһϺҵţһѣҲŻعɻؿЩʬ壬ܾЩԾ
ʧʱֻԭϵʬ岻֪ôѾϾһسǴȥǻûžͷҲʬ壬Ҳ
Щ֪룬ֿ˿£ʬ壬Ȼ֦˴ߣⲻ·ͭԽǰԽϸȵ˶˵ʱû·ˡ
Ҹ˲ЩֻǺѸٵ˳֦߳ȥǸո߳Щ£ĻͷʬѾռǸովŵĵط׷
ֱҴǹûУ˵ӵˣ֪ҪǹʲôǴӱ˸ǹ˲ŷ֣ҴŵĸѾȫˮˡ
ǹֻܼ֦֮ǰߣ˲ԶͻȻǰ洫롱̧ͷһֻ֦ϲ֪ʱվһֻ룬ضС
ҵһοòͬ˵ֻţԳӾһһʵҿŸһ棬رβֱͣһģһЩЩͷϳ۾һֻһؿǡ
ͻȻһҲ֪͸ո濴ǲһֻǵĻǲ˵ϲкܶͷʬҲкܶࣿ
ֻ뿴ȴûжվ֦ͷϣֻǶؿǣͣط롱
ҾЩ֣ɻʱͻȻ͵һζʱž죬ЩվȣҺ÷סһ֦Ųڵȥҿ˿棬ڶһƬʲôҲ壬ֻм߻ͷʬȥûӰ
ҺһҶһͷ˿棬ֻͷʬѾЩϾҪߣ֦ȥ֦ҲлͷʬҲУҲǰ취ͳǰ˹ȥ
վ֦ϣ߹ȴûз𹥻˼ͻȻ֦֮Уգ۾ûҶ֮䡣
ҾЩ˼飬˵һʮֿµĶұΪṥǣȴû뵽ˣһûüϸϸȥͻȻֳҺСģСģ
̧ͷȥֻͷϲ֪ʲôʱѾһ߻ͷʬͲҵͷţҪϡ
һϽˣǽŲ˻ȥͻȻоһգȻûȵɣ˾ȥ岽ľ룬·̫ͻȻңҺץסɣûеȥ
ģ́۵ʱȴץסĸɣǻͷʬ壬ӣǰ棬ҼҲûؾɿ֣ľٶȥ
õȥҿ֦֮ͭ䣬ҲܵˣֻоҪҶһһʱ޷
濴ҵҪϷӵĻͷʬסȥ·Σֻ溰Сģû°ɣ
ǿʹش˵û£
һδ䣬ֻоѾһһͷʬѾϣһһ䶯ţ԰׵˸ûʲôܸеϵĹͷϵĸо
Ҳ߶ʮһ̧žȥ̧ŵʱŷʲôεǯСϣϸ˿Ȼɿݵͬצӵ֣
ܸоʮִҪǶҵļһץţҿΧĻͷʬ׷׳Ҿ£գ֮Ѿߡ
ǿ֧Լ۾ȴӰƺиӰڶȻڰи̸ʲôӰֻҾҵȷеʲôǿȴǻͷʬ
һ㶣ͷʬѾǰǰӿϣȥµľʲôƴȥקЩʬȴϷһüצһĿץκǿץĵطҸ˦ŵ˺ͬζʬζζȴǴǵɢģ
ͻȻһⶫԸʬôȫϣѾҵǵʳ
뵽Ҳ޷ƽҼǲκηʽҪǴ˦ȥץȴˣŪһ󴿴ǰ׷ֻؿŸĻͷʬ
ƳֵҲҺòȥҲᵽ˻ͷʬѲ֮ȥǵʳҲʱҲŷӦ滹Ҳؾͳǵϴȥ
ҴȥʱҿͷʬͻȻܿҶʮϣȴǼӲޱȣʯͷһ㡣
û뵽ķӦȻ֮죬Ҿ뵽ܿԭʮעǵͷ­κ˺ҲΩһȥŹֵĵطҲʶǵͷ­⡣
㣬ҳִ󺰣ǵͷǵͷ㣡
ұ˵ű߳һ߻ͷʬͷٴδȥʮرܿˣҷΪ˱ܿɿץϵ֣Խ϶ҵĲ²⣬ǵͷ±˺ĵط
Ȼ֪Ǿͺðöˣ˲Ŷ˶ӣԼֱԼҪ̫ʱͻȻһҽϷ̧ͷȥֻѾվһŻͷʬͷ­ͷʬ֦׹ȥһҽоǴӻͷʬͷ­﷢ġ
־ȻذѻͷʬͷӲϸšҿһɻɫҺӱšϵĵطŵͷ­ͰݳһƤͷǣһƤŹͷϣӿֲ
ֽͷ­ȥ׼һ߻ͷʬָǺ飬ϵʮִҿǺԥšһߣת֮ʹ˾档
ȴûֻֻܼͷ­ܿٶʵ̫ˣֲץס壬趯һһû
ִĻͷʬѾͷʬⶫץϵʮΣǺԥؾšͷ­ʱɫҺһ
ΪǸʬˮʲôģˮǵû˿ĸζһ󵭵ζζȥţˮһһҾ͸оԾΪŹ̸֮еЩͷΣҿ֣Ȼվץһ߻ͷʬɻΪʲô;ͷĿѣȴû£ҽӴĸ


ھʮһ ʬ꣭1
ַסԼĶͷһѣҵЩĲȣҵ˻ٴεͭϣּҵʵСģôˣ
ֻ٣ǰĶڼٵػζţת¡¡죬Ҳ֪ûпڻش֣֮ҽκԼ˵ȴûιȥȻǰȫǰããһƬҲʲôҲܸоϵĻͷʬ
һҸоȫһɣ屻ַκҸоſ˵˻˵ʲôȴ֪ΪʲôҲƺҲû뵽ΪʲôͻȻ֮ΪʲôͻҸеιʯӺͳȪˮ
Ҽѵؽʯ̽ȥ֪ⲻʯǰףڻͷʬĻɫҺϣָҳֽ֮ҷƽֻܸͭоӲͭɣȴ
ʮ룬θͻȻ͵һڣһ쳣ĵĸоҸожƺθ﷭ؽţƫӾ;ҵŻ
ҸоŻڼһֱҵıܸекܹ⻬ĶҵﻬһҸо΢һЩ뿪ʲôһҵŻ¸ٴϮƫͷٴξҵŻ
˲֪೤ʱ䣬ֱҲʲôҲ²ֻһĸŻţȫʱҲŸоߵڽתΪ¡¡һЩֵ˵СǰǰããһƬ
Сģ˵СģһֱҶظĻſ˵Լ˵ʲôҶ˵ҸоһЩˣġ
ֱ˵һҸоҵڽػָʶҲǰѾԿģӰӣĶĸлûɢȥֻԼĶͷȴֱ쳣һһ
ʱҶߵĵ˵Сģոȫ佩ӲһʬһΪֿʼʯˡ
ֵȻЩţô򾲵һ˶ųոҵȷѾ˺صĵز뿪˵ЩʲôͻȻңСģո˵Ƕô£
һ㵣Ҳû˵ĻѵʧȥʱҸо˵˻ȴûԼ˵ʲôʱѣεҲ֪Լ˵һЩʲô˻
ƺҾȵ飬ûȥǰҷһЩңھúЩûУ
ҵͷѣθѾʧƣĶѾû⣬Ƹոʵµ̫ȫһط
ҿֵĵһȴı쳣أ˵˹һؿңұĿ⾪ʲô£ɫѿ
ƺҲע⵽Լı̫أǻ˻˵Сģ֪ոն³һЩʲô𣿡
ʵԼҲ֪ΪԼҲԸо³ĶܲȻģ;öġ
ǸշĽߣС﾿ʲôЩôʱѵûһоֱֱң˵ҸոյͻȻúİ㷢ʱ˵ȵȶȫһˣҾã˵Ǿ䡮ǶʶĻ˵⻰ʱ۾۾
˵ͻȻظ۾֣ȴͣǰĻѾһľҲԼΪʲôͻȻӣô˵һ仰
û˵ȥҵ۾ôˣ
ֿңֹƺڿ˵ǲ˵Ҽ̾ͼˣ֣һ·ҲͬȻǶСĶүһֱΪҾ֮ǰСģҰǶֵܣѵŲ𣿣
ֿ˵Сģˣûа㲻˼ֻҾʱȲ֪ĺá
˵֪ʲô鶼ˣ㻹벻𣿡
ִּҪٸʵףҲû취˵ոҵ۾ƺӰһ˵Ӱӣ˵˫۾ʱоܹ죬Ǿô취˾ú£ҵ۾￴һط
ֵָоֻάһ˲䣬Ϊҵ۾ͻȻϷͫȫʧһƬ۰ףէһͻһģһ
ţûд֣ұΪ˵۾쳣Ѿ˽ȴ˵Ҷúܲ˼һ飬˵Żµʱ۾ʱҵ۾Ȼһֱž濴
˵ʱҲ̧ͷ濴˿һƬڣͭɣʲôҲûУ˵ƺڵſʲôҲֵͲգȴʲôҲûп
ʵҲ֪ҾڿʲôǶʱ飬ȴʲôҲûУΪʱҸʲôҲ
û˲ᾪȣϾĵص·ֻҪ˼˶ΣΪʲôΪΪͷʬɫҺԵʣǾǲǣ
֣ںͻͷʬʱûŵһζһؾˮζһ
ֲؿ˿ңҡҡͷ˵ûŵ˵ζҲֻͷʬͷ­ľʲôҺ壬˵һʼҲΪǸʬˮ֪֮ǣֵĻ˵ЩɫҺûζġ
ҾЩ޷ͣΪʲôֻŵûŵΪʲôֻҸоͷĿѣȴȻ֮󻹷ô췴飬Ϊʲô
ʱںڰľͻȻһĹâ֦Ķ˲ֻ֣ĺڰͻȻһ⣬ʱⶼյһƬŻֻڻĵطһž޴޷ǡÿ޴һ˫۾ضǡ
ȻϨȥΧʱֱһƬڰ֣ƺҲѾһž޴Ϊʱ̫ݵԵʣ޷⾿ʲôòǻİɣ
ⲻ˸ոľ𶯣ѵΪⶫԵʣ
ֿȴ˵Ҫ¿ΪʲôڣҲһʼˣֻ²ֻô򵥡
û֪뵽ʲôȻң𣿡
ϢôһѾָ˲٣˵ԣ
ͷվ˵ôңߵ֦ǰȥҸо֪Ĵ𰸣


ھʮ ʬ꣭2
֦ͭԽǰԽϸȵ棬ǰ֦֮𽥿ʼЩҡڿһһεģԲСľͻȥ
ҿ˿ǰ棬޷Ҹոտľ޴Ѿ޷ǰߣǰҹ֦޷ٳסǵ˶ȥ
ǿ˿ܣе֦ͭѾӣ֦ȴûеͷ˼ΪֵͲĹǻ֦ܿĩˡ
ǴɵĴϸ仯Ϳ֪ĹǶôӴҿ֣ȴûоʹ˰ݵ˼ȴҲѾ޷ǰȥ·
֪֮䣬͵һҵҡΣҺֱѾվɺϸĵطôһҡҺѾ޷վȣҡεĸҺҲվȣ˫˫Ҫȥ޷ֻܷץסɣסԼ壬Ѿקȥ˫֦ϲϵҡš
ôһҡΣҲվȣҲקȥֻ˫ɣҲͣҡš
ҡγʱܳһֱûͣҺֶڸ֦ƣڵǧһֻҪ΢ץΣǶȥˤ
ҸҵקȥʱֵͲҲŵȥһֵܿͲһ·֦Ҷ䣬𽥱һ㣬ʧ
֪Ǽڰ׵ϣԨвͻǡ
ͻȻһƬڰ֮УֲָĺڰҵĶֻкҵͭҶ໥ײġ֮ԼĴ
ź֣ȴû˻ӦٺһûлӦҵĲѾȥ˰ɣ
ҺһȴûֵİӦĴʱͻȻֵĻӦ˵Сģ
£ԨֿʲôЦȷ棬˵Ҷи£ͭҶţǰһҾУ
ֲƭңұֵķ벻Ҫ˵ط˵ͭҪˣϾͻ
˵ҹȻ洫ꡱƺʱ˲ô࣬һΣŹǰ˹ȥ
˵ûͭҶ֮УµȷǼӲĵذ壬ֿҾͭҶ꣬ʱһ컮ߣǾ޴ͭɨȥʱа˵һգ
ȻѾգȴû豸ΧһƬڰЩ˵һڡ
ʲôڻῪھĹľϣһϲ²ģεرͭҶţڸոֵͲȥҶû֣Ȼûֿ֣ǷˣԲҵط
ֳ˼һ˵ﱾҲ˽ĵط
ǰߣʮಽ˵ĻԽ϶ǰһڣһʲôڻдΪôֵĵطĶҲʲôõط
վڶڣҸоȫһ䣬ƺйɹɵĺӶɢССӶ޵ش
ϸţֻԽԽ֪ʲô˵ʬڣϿſ£
ֱ˵Ѿſ˵ϣذҰڵϣ̡СϯǳĴҾǶʬڲЧܸоʬڵĳǵɳȥžžĴϣҺֶһҶΪ֪ʬҲǳ˵ġ
ڵſһӣʬڲ𽥷ɾҺվȻһǻͷ˿ôʬҪȥʯôʬھ۾ţѵʬڵϳ
Ȼûô࣬ҲѾú͸ǶߣΪһƬڰֻ̽ߣҺֱײʲôʲôġ
ǽڽȥһһ㣬Ȼʲôȱ𶯣ҸеһȻʯͷûźڰо˹
һػߣȻվСذѻӽǽϵĻ̶ʱȼյΧһƬ
ֱ˹ҲŷʯſڣҲⲢʯΪǰʮʯףʯһƬտƽأƽһ޴ͭˣʮ׸ߣŶڣѪĹһģһ
ҿͭϻֻʬվ棬һͺطɢˡ
֮ûĶҿ˿ʯڣʮƽ⻬Ȼγɵģô˹ˣֻĿǰ֪˭µĵ½һط
ûߵȼ˸Ļֱ̣ƽضһƬŷӦǴϸϸһҷǽڣͭǽɫҪ࣬ǽЩڣɫҺתͭʯǰŷǽЩʯͷģ쳣ʪ
ҿЩ⣬ȥǽڿźܳʪȴһ㳱ʪĸоûУ˱֮Щʯڣҵִȥ֮ҿҴĵطͻȻһЩ·ŵðÿһ뿪Щ·̾ͱ䵭Ȼǽ±ɺɫ
ֿˣҲȥȻĵطҲһЩ·ÿ·ʧְָȥ·ֳ֣˼ΣͻȻȻ˵ûǽڡ
˵ڴĻѣڻȼ˶ʯգʯȹȻɫֳһȦȦ·ģֵҲ˻һؿʯϵ·ҿʧһͼ
֪ǵͼȴް취ΪǴŵֽˮݹ֮Ѿˣ֪ҶԵͼණļ̣˵Сģȫ𣿡
ҿ˿ܲȫһ˿ؼҲûգӦܰ˾ŲʮҵͷǿһȴҸͷʱŷͼûбעλ
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Ҳǣǿȥ⣬ͼҲܺʹϵıעҲòɣͼǲʯĵͼ
ĻֻҲȥͼֿ˿طʯ֮һͨŻգߵͨߵʱҿһӰѸٵʧͨҲ˾裬Żϸգȴͨ﷢һӴڵϡ


ھʮ һ
ҿӵĵһ۾͸оⶫûж೤ʱ䣬ҾŻ߽ȥҲ߽ͨＸҵ͵شܳһˣסҵͣҸеһذѾҵĲϡ
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ЩϤȴֺİҾȻ벻ҲʯϿΪѾ溰ҡ
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ھʮ Թ
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ԵʲôҾͨﴫһХһ⡰ءǷתһ֪ⲻǷ磬Ǵڵ£з磡
ʬڣ˵͵ʬڶԻ˵ζУܹŵǵζ
Ҳ˵ڲʬڣ
ֵĻЩ⣬ȻʬڶԻ˵ϢУôڽʯ֮ǰʬڴʯɳȥѵûŵǵζʱΪʲôǣ
˵ΪҵʱոճԹʯӺͳȪˮּ֮ǰҵķϵζ˶Ҫǿңﻹл˵Ϣʬ֮ԲǣԵʣֻ˵ϵζʵ̫ŨˣڸĻϢԲڶӹһ١
ҲľԭʱΣգɺϣڶھѾʬڳ˸һɶЩ£
ţֻСڡءУԽԽ죬ѾʬȳȻͿʮֻʬȳǳ
ҾͿʬһƬƬƬҿڳһ˲䣬ͷ򡢽źͻȻ˿նϣڹЩƬȴȻǰٵطţЩڵϣЩǽϣЩٵسǷϡϣһҶЩƬѪȼŸʬζ
ֻһʼѣֻ滹иʬڲϵس֪ʬڵĿ²ǵΣǽӶص㣬һֻʬڸ޷һһȺʬھͿԣǿԴӸ򹥻ҲսɱһЩܻоƣߵʱʱǳɹʳʱ
ҹڷɽʬô˵Ҳгɰǧȷɽʮֻֻǳͷѣ
Ȼһҵġءʬȶңҿ³һЩ˿ͨĽ˿ĸܣʬ֮ǰһģһʱֻͨﶼʬڵëڷ裬ǽϵϻȫǱ壬ζ͸ζһɹɵŻµĸо
֪ԼܶԼֶڿУΪҵֱǽ˿
Żѣյáȡ죬ҵʱָƶȥ˿
ԭֻǱһԵ̬ȴķֲ˿˿ʱͶˣһ˼עŲʬڣϾ˼ǡ
һͷСһѲĽ˿ϣʮַѾͻһҲŸڿԶˡ
һ֣ǷȲ̫½Ϸ֣ȻѸٸĽ˿ٸͷߵģһֵķƶ
ʬԽԽӿǺͽϵ֮ĿռѾȫʬڵëֻԼ貵ӹǽϣһҲһӼһ
ÿסǵߣ˼ͷͻȻ̧ͷǰ棬ƺʲô̧ͷȥʱȴҲһʱǶ


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ֻԭ˿ʬڣ̶̵ֻʱѾ˽ϲµ޵Ƿ۵糸ط
ͷӼѾ嵽ǰ֪ȡʱ䣬ʱҲݲǫÿһһ붼֮һ¸Ľ˿ֹѾܳʱ䣬Ӳػ֫ӣȴ֮ǰǰ
ֿжҲͷӵĶ飬ǰ濪·ȴӳȥ˵Ͼн˿ʱضܵ˿ԼвͻᶪС
Ƴһ۽ϣ˿һǽϣһӼһ˳һӿʬѾصΧǳģҸоǵصʬھһƬһϯխͨϢ
ʬڵѪǷŭָ˵ʬýϸ޿κΣӲޱȣƽһʬĲȥģڽֻʬɢȥУΪϺǽϵѾϺüˡ
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ҲýˣҲŷʬڵֻצ쳣澹Ȼ㹳һĵ̣ҲǳʬڲʳӦþǿˡ
ѸնǰĽ˿ͷӺŻһ߶ԸʬһߺˣǰСûſֱǰû˽˿֪Ƕһǿٵˡ
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ⶫô˵ҲҪһЧḶ́Թ֮ʬڻǽᣬҿֻͷӶذһ棬ȻҲںʬڲȴһҲûС
ͷӺ֣ǵ·ѾõòӣȫǱʬڸץģҿǰ˵һѱק˻漴˵ʲôضԸʬڡ
ģҷӿʬڿʼҾͨʬҲطɣѵǳԽȥʯӺͳȪˮôЧˣ
ʵ֤ȷģʬԽԽ٣ֱһֻʬڱҵӿлͨŰͨѪȺ͸ʬζǿŻζŷͷӺȫѪ
ֿ۾ľȺ͵ģڰ˵û£ֻһЩƤ˰ˣ
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ҿͷĵͼȫһƬδ֪ǰȫĵطǸ֪ΣҲֻһһ
ͨȷǳ·ܿǾʹ߳һҿ֮ǰĴһһģһͭڴ룬ֻͭһƬڵģǵĻһգֻʬͻȻɽŷ֣ǸոսʯĴ
Ҳ˵һȦִ߳ˣ
Щ⣬ǼȻѾˣҲ˵ҿȵͷӷֵİһܡ
ڰͷӺڴ˿ڣҵȼ˰Ļ̣˿ʯϣһطȻҴӱóͨ﷢ֵıӣոûü澿дʲôÿԴ򿪿
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£Ȳ˵յġʱ̶Σյĵط棬ǲͺܳ⣬һԴµʳǿװ׳ģ
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λûһһгʮĸ˵֣Ҳû˵ǽǸʲôֻᵽһһʮĸˡ
ڼ±еԭ˵ģ
˳ľ׺һֱ£ľ״ϿȽ֣ȴ·ʮĸ˱ɭҲνġڡǼ·һʯϻ洫ԹĿǰǿݴԣȴܳһ׻Ķҿһ⣡
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Ҳ˵ǽʱҲ˽ߣǹв⣬ӦþǽûΪǽʱҲͬΣȻĻôӦҲȥ¥Ŷԡ
ͻȻһָоϵýߣڼߵʱû˿ľȣҲ˵֮ǰʱǶԽȫо򲻻С⡱ƺƺȴҲ˼
Ȿһִ˵Ұޣɽм˵̶״飬ǰףڡ
˼˵Ұ̹ߣӳֻǰͷźɫëһִͬҰޣҲҪͿԷܺ
ڳ¼Ǽһڳβ⣬βʹͷ˵ͷβΧһյԲǲ⺭졣
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ȻֻҵĲ²⣬ǲҲֿ֪һλλȻܼ̣ǲſ˵һ䣬ҾͷһҪһʱըһҵ߱ըҶʱ
дġ
ҪȥʱͻȻĴﴫҵġءǿӶڹνһҾʬڡСĺЪ˹ذųĴƺӴＲٵطɳȥ
ʵʯʱڣҾͲΪʲôǲŸսЩʬھƴɣܵĳ־ţڣȻֳͬǵȷܵ˾һɢġ
ʲôųģҼǵϵʱû㣬ôʲô
ʱ͵ʯϷĵ֣


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ҿֺͷҲ͵̧ͷ棬ҰѱҲŸով͸е涼ڲš顱ľ޴ʲôҵײǽϵ
Ҳ׾ʲô£֪֮ΨһȫĵطҲ˼ֻѶʯϣ浹׳ʲô¡
⾪춯ص֮ãƽϢֱûκֲ˵ǳȥ
ͷӰѰ򿪣Ż߳ȥڿĵһҾ;סˣֻ޴ͭѾ˵ϣѾϳأҲ֪Ǻܽ˾޴ͭƵΪ˾޴ͭҲмٶ֡
ͭȥģȥ֮պɫǽϣֻǽѾˣݽȥܴһӣͭ˵ͷǶʯǣʯڣҲȻոշͻ䲢Ϊ˻ͭ񣬶Ҫٵǽڡ
Ϊľ׵ϸͼ
Щ⣬һݸΪϸĵͼǽϵͼλûбעǸͿȴĪػˣǲٿ
·ͻȻҲ벻͸еľŻڴһȦͭϵʬѾȫһɢһƬǽ壬֮
һߵͭǰûϸգ뿴εȥģҾҪƵôһô˵ҲҪɣ
ʵȴƵͭˣ˵ûκε֤ݻΪ￴ȥͭ·ƾȥġ
ɻȴ͵ظоһ紵͵ش˸սҸоˣǺȻͷֻоһƬӰʧʵֻҵĸоΪһƬڣκζģ
ŻѺԥظ˳ȥܵڵʱʲôҲûУֻ޴ھĹ֮У̧߻գÿһǿҵĻֻⱳһ֮ǰһģһľ޴ӡ
Ҳ֪Ļ⣬һ˲䣬գ۾Ĺָֻ֮˺ڰֻ̧Żվʯڣֺͷ׷ҷʲô޴˵ֻ˵ˣȴܸоһľĸо֪ô¡
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㷲ػصֺͷӿһȦҲû쳣˵Ǿ뿪ҿӴѾ֪ĴڣͷڸոյĹӦѾ˵ˡ
ûзԣ»ص֮УͷӰѵͼڵ̯ΧŵͼڿΪڴ㷲ĸоͼʱЩĲɵģֿҵҾôˣӴҾһֱֵֹġ
ʱҲңֻ˵Щ˦˦ͷȥ£ֿһۣƺҵĻŽɣջʲôҲû˵
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磬ͼͨעڰұߣʯϵĵͼУͨıעȴڰ֮ڡ
ڰ֮ڣ
͵վƺǷʲô˼һֺͷӱͻȻľٶһ̧ͷңҿɻ͵ǡ
ûٴο˿ͼʯϵĵͼһȽϣмϸ΢ĵطг룬¶࣬ȻָĽֻܼסĲ֣Ϊûܹȫʯϵĵͼظ
Щɵؿͷӵݵͼ˵ݵͼǼٵģǵҲڣڱעȴĲֻֿܣһǻݵͼ˰Ѵĵطȥ̽Ĵ󣬻߻Ƶֻ˶ڣûȥڶǸͷӵͼ˹⽫ƴǵڶֿܣô˵ĿľͲԶ
Ȼô˵ͷӵݵͼ˵Ǽ䱦ģҿһֲ²⣬ɫĵطҲδ֪򣬶ûлƳΪЩδ֪ҪΣյĵط
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ͷӷֵģҲϸͨͨһһ׿ԵЩӵطС׾ҳѰҼֺͷǽϴͷβһ飬Ҳû֮ǰƻصĵط
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Ұ˼ʱͻȻ˵СģҼ㣬㿴ڶû쳣
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ͷѻѴսЩŻҹ濴лأȥššֻ¡¡죬ǰʯڹѿһ졣Ҵֵ˻һһȥ
֮ǰͨͬһ¶ȥʯףҹӦȥģڶһƬҺ·лӣûһһˣһƽֱ̹ͨģֻصֻͨ˶ʮ͵һ
ҸоʯĴֻڴҿȴһʮϤĶʯ
ʯȻʮ־޴¥ĻҪ޴󣬶ҿʯһϿԿ϶¥棬ڵ֮Ǽһ棬Ƿһġ
Ϊʯʮ־ϸԶԶȥһľһرǣʯıһ⻬ͭ棬⻬ɼ֮ǰĲͬǣֱʯϣضǼˣվڴڣԿǵӰӡ


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ǱϾ̫Զ޷ʯӰ񣬶ҴҿʯʱҾ;һĹ죬ҾǾʯʮֹŹ֡
ⶼķʯڣʯ֮һͨͨߵʯǰֱ߽Ҳ֪ոĹŹָоʯ֮Ӱֺֻͷӣȴûҡ
Ҳ֪һʲôʯǰλƣûҵİӰ񣬶⾿ô£ֺͷӶ˵
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ȥӳҵӰ㣬ʯһ쳣ҲûУƫƫһȴĵطʯҲòЩ
ңֻһʯҲԿʯ⣬ǹ졣
ӽʯʼҾһֱ⾿һʲôĵط˵ĹȴʼҲûмľ˵Ĺң˵һϹŵżֱּȷʵһĹ
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ҵ˵ȴҡҡͷȫִ෴˵᲻ͭʵֻǾ֣ʯľ棬¥ʯûаѾַȥ
˵ͭʯĽ֮˳žһȦ׶ʲôֶȥϸϸŪһડһ죬ƺ۱򿪵ҾͿְͭѾȡ
ͭʯһѹû龰ʯ̵ð͹ƽֻڰȥľ֮У͹һֻ۾ֻ۾ʯϵ̳ģ۾̵ΩΩФӴ֪ͫͫʲôɵģȻʵõľճӰһģһ
龰ǣͫʵľȻûҵӰӣһֺ֣ͷӵӰӣȴûĴ
ⲻҾЩ˿ĭȫʯ壬ҵ̳һֱ۾״ʲô⣿
ּʯͫȥǵҲûʲôֻաȻ֪Ź֣ȴ֪Źɻ󲻽ʱͻȻһŲ͵ػͷȥȴûм˵ӰӣҲϸػһȴʲôҲûС
տûвĵطҲңֺͷҲ˽ŲҲɻؿͬҲһɻ
תӣִһϸĽŲٴλعͷʯʲôҲûУ˵ӰҲ
ɻʱͻȻڴҿǽϵʯʼϵʱʯһأ˿ͻ״ֱҿʯʯϵıڻž
Ҳ֪ΪʲôЩڻửʯ棬ֻǽΪ˷ֹ˿ʯڱڻ֮һǽڣ֮κԭصǿ˻ıڻ
ʯһ׹䣬ⳡ滹Щ׳۵ģʯ֮µıڻȱɫޣ˵ΪЩڻʯԻֳܱʱޣɹ˶ãɫʾͻȥļ
ķڻҲ֪һǿͷֻȴһ濴ٰѿһȿһһþ޴󵽿Ͽƿ̣һȦȦΧȥ֦һò
Ҿͭ
ǾĹͭûҿ¶кܶˣϵ֦ϹͭҶ֦ͭȥԣڽͭҿഩŻ˻ϣڽϿʩЩӦǶͭˡ
ʯϼһֻһڻӦмģ˳ʱתȥֱߵһֱֻߵһӦһֻкܶͭǰһʯͷӽ¯ȼգԱҲ¯ֻճҺͨһƬ˰ЩҺҨкܶڶͭӦұͭɡ
˳ʱ뿴ȥһֻڻһĴӱУΧкܶѵǿֲΪڻرĸֻѵ˵Ǵӵڳģ
ҿҲԿڣҲżȻ˳ڣڳһʱĹɣͭ
룬ٿһڻҿ˳һڻӦһŶԣֻڻϵͭѾ깤ҿһģһע⵽һϸڣͭϹźܶʬ壬ڣӦūⲻ֦Ļͷʬ
źܶʬ壬ڷŹҲͬˣǱϣڹǰͭߵ裬ǵʮֿţϷ֣ЩһǴŻƽߡ
Ӧڽм룬ЩӦöףŻƽߵӦּĴסڸ棬˹ţͷڵذϣһŻԶ塣
ķڻʹ˶գҿһ飬¿ԽķڻЩڵ·ȻΪ񼣣ǽΪɽͭͭ깤ǽм룬ǽеʲô룬ȴö֪
ҿһȦȴֺͷӻڶķڻֿҿôԣûϸߵߣֻͷһ˵ͰɫĹıڻֱ̫ˣ̫ˡ
ͷôһ˵ҲڰɫĹĶƺҲıڻֻǵʱһûмͭȴΪڹ뵽ϸȥһڻ뿴Ϲ˵ʲôӵģ
ҿֻǳֶѣͯͯŮҲͷ̫̫Ǽ룬ǻū
һŰɫĹıڻķڻеһһģһʱҿˣ֪һ룬ҹϵļƷҪҺֵ


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ô˵ĻһʼǾûɫĹıڻͨƵıڻطһνܵϵȻģ
ֿһ֮ȴü˵ķڻҿ󶮣Ū˭˭
㶣ôһ˾ȻûҰԼ˼˵һ飬ֵüͷȴøˣֻ˵Ļкܶط˵ͨ
ѵôķڻӦ˼Ŷԣôֵļʲô
ߵ˵ĵһڻǰҲһ˿˵ҾӦǵһӦǵķߵ
ҼĿɿڴؿ֣ҵȻǽȻ෴ģҾȣǿűڻһָ˵㿴ͼĿرǵͷͷϵģķʽӦڴԺغ䡣
ϸȥĿȻֻܿǵͷȷͷϵģҼ£ͷ̵ĺϸ£ǺŪȥġ
˵˵һıڻǰָϹŵūʬ͹ŵ˵㿴ЩǱ׼ūǲμӼ壬ǵͷ඼ڼϵģͷϵ֮٣㿴ǵķʽոһܲһҲ˵ڻϵļӦңٵܡ
Ҷſ˿ȻҲֹ۲ϸϸ΢ĲˣҴ΢Сϸھͷ˱ڻĹ죬ôҲͼӵ֤ҵʱǲģ
ұͭһڻУָ龰˵Ҳľһڻ㿴Щ˵ķʽͷϵģʹõĹȴԭʼ㿴õȫͭʯڻصɫʣҪͻʹߵĲʣڻ˿ǷʽƲ⣬ʱѾʱѾȡͭΪҪճʹãڻϵȴһɫʹͭʹʯ
˵ͷͷǵôһ˵ҹ淢еĲףڶڻ֮ǰ˵ڻ׿һţȴһţΪȫǵڽ컹ǲжͭ
ֵĻϸؿڻΪڿõͭΪʱڽͭȴû뵽˵ڲж
ΪڻϵȫģɵģȿΪڽ죬ҲΪڲжȫ˵ͨ
װͭҶĳȫԽڽͭҶժͭɵȥģҲΪڰͭɲˡ
ֽһ覴ҲûУôͶܽͨ
Ҳ׻ˣ˵ĻôķڻȷʵûаϵΩһĹͬ
ŲʯȺ˳ţţнͲͨĵطƺⱾķɵıڻ޷һ𣬿ȫɵķڻȴΧһȦǽϣ˵
ֺͷӶĬţû뵽ͨķڻȴѵˡ
˼һҿͻȻתұͭһڻǰһ˿ؿţȴ֪ڿʲô
ԼĪʮӣͻȻһתͷ˵ƺ뵽ķڻľˣ
뵽ʱȤķڻ˵ķڻȷȺ˳ֻѾˣΪɵͭһûȫ͸ô򡣡
Ҽæʣ֣
˵ɵͭڽĻôһ˳ǣɵͭף룬ұͭ
˵һ˳Щ˵ͨǣΪʲôɵͭᱻڵһһڻʼͻأֻпܣõǵڶ˳
Ȼڶ˳ǰᣬǰɵͭڲжôǣף룬ɵͭұͭ
ɵ˵ұͭһҲʮΣһƺҲԵúܲϳ
ȴһ⣺Сģû˵ں۵һҰʷ
ҡҡͷķڻͺ۵ҰʷʲôϵֿͷӣͷҲҡҡͷŰҰʷ˵˳
˵ԪһҹμһͷɢĶɷὣվڴǰҪд̡۴оѣȫʪ͸֮һ֮ͭҪ״аֱ۱ʼûнͭȴ֪١˵ڶ죬˷ɷԽٶ˷鷿һ죬йŮ̸̫֪࣬ʲô֮һٲʴ֮£ͭҲĪʧ١
˵˵ʲôո˵Ŀʽغ䣬֪ͭ٣ôǺͱڻǺô
ѹҪұͭһȻԭģô˵Ļڶ˳ƺ˵ֽ־˵ڶĿԡ
˵֮ͭܿܽ䣬ֻ磬Ҳۣһּ룬Ϊнľ֮ͨ˵ԵʱΪͨͨǵ󣬶̶׹ƣΪܾͭܿͽ̵ʱ
ȻôΪʲôҪ־һ²⣬²Ǹո֮ϵʱһ£˵п棡
Ʋ˵ܿЩ˷üõаҺ֮ܿ󻹷ʮֲֿ¼Ǿжݻ٣ǵʱǣǺܿܲƻֻܽͭЩȫжȻһط˵ֲ²˵ܿҲżȻڵŽװγԴںδȴö֪
ôžǵ棬ڵ˱˾޴һ˭ڵΪ񼣡ڵûٽһǾͲö֪ΪһڻƲǷЩͭͭɡ
ֽ˵һڻ֮ȫͭʯұܿܺайأֻͭʯסҲ˵һ
ôһ˵Ҿ˵ĵȷٿһǽϵķڻ澹Ȼ⡣澮ĹеͭǲǺۺģڻö֪Ҳ¶ۡ
һǿԿ϶ģֻһǱڻ


һһ ƬĹŹ
ڴһЪϢһԥʱĸ·һ·ϲϵѾ͸֧̫˭ӶѾ൱ķˣοںʬڵĶУͷӺֻٵЩˡ
˵סһȻԴ֮֮Ѿȫûʱĸ֪ǰ컹Ǻҹ
ڴĽʯͷΧһεĵط˾ΧϢֺͷӿǽС˯֮˵С˯Ϊǲ˯ģ˯жҲʱעΧ쳣һʲôԾͻ
ҹϾһ·ʱ̶ڱ״̬ǿ֧סʱҽŴĻóġļ±¿ϻҿڶλ֮ͱͭĵϣڿҽſȥٴοһ仰Ҹе𾪣ظеһвɺϡ
һλд
ǽ⣬ƺҪȥĳطڲ֮󣬷Ԫȴں˵ҪȥǼͼѾ׷ȥ˺Զֻܸ׷ȥֵľͷһʯʧʯ֮䡣ֵǣԪǻһһڲոֹ׷¡ǶɽｨһʯʮֹŹ֣Ǿȥ
һλ˽зĵһ߾µڡ
ҵȫעڡԪϣ֪үү֣
ڵһһ޷ȷ˾ǲүүϾյʤ˵ֻһɺҲ˵һ
ǣɺȴҲ˵ԼҸ˾үүΪһ·ϷЩƲ⣬±еķԪүүĿԷǳ
һǵҿүүʮǰǷݾܵдүүʮһ꣬үүƣʮһʱ򣬸պþһ߾꣬Ҳ˵ָҿǷݳ¾ɷĵһ߾ġ
ľҲһ߾꣬ѵһɺϣ
˵үүһоһʮصо֧ͷļ¼¼ĿӵǿŻоԱѵһ˵ɺϣ
뵽Һϱӣֻо̫ѨͻͻͣͷһۣԽԽ࣬ұԽԽ˷룬Ӱɫʼڣһϵе¼ȻѾǣʮǰ
һԼƽ´򿪱ӣһΣһҳһΣдţ
˶½½ؽȥʯ棬ҪŽȥǷԪȴסң˵ʵһֱ÷ԪܹŹ֣ȻҺͬշ룬ȴǰ˸ӶŵĹϵ˵һֱգʯͦرģʯǰһŰɡҾЩףֲǾʹӦˡ
ҵڶοᵽס֡һھĹƬ棬˵Ǽգòףڼ±ϣԪҪգ˵ס
Ƭɹһ¥һһʯ棬Ҿƺʲôϸһ룬ȴ־ʲôҲûС
˵Ĳ׾ʲôף
ŴӱѼŵƬóرǰʯǰǰƬϸ˿Ƭ϶ͬһˣҿóı鶼ܽӲԿóյʱǿ֮⣬ӱϼʲôĶ
ҲģϸϸشƬı￴񺣵һһһľûŹҽƬһ֮ȫȴ͵ؾһ亹
֪ΪʲôԪҪִգΪʲôǰҲһҪģҪµĲǡġĶ
¥µƬ¥Եʯ֮ʮεĵطһˣӦһ˵ĶէһĻʯڵһ֣ϸ֮ŷһˣ˵һ˵Ķ
ϿԿ϶ԪҪĵĺܾܿⶫΪƬͺ⣬Ϊ¥͡ġƬܿҵλãߵļһհ׶¥ԱߵʯڣҾ÷ԪǹΪ桰ġգʵҪʯϵĶ
ôʹ¿Դ˼ȷʯϵݣȴûи߶еˣǾյĽڰ
ҡġڼ±Ҳ˵ԪһܹŹֵˣ˵ĹŹӦүүĲȺͶΧΣյоӺԴҴ¿֪үүһʮĽɫҴӺӵ¿ԿһʼѾ˶ģһ·ûаԼֵĶ˵޵ķʽ¼
ϸĶƬʵ̫Сˣڸ޷壬ֻա
˵ڶƬƬıע֪ƬǼġĵģҲ²Ӧ˵ͷˣΪӼ±ĵһοʼͲᵽ֣ҿƬ޵ݣһɣүүҲһһʼĻĵˣ
Ƭ￴ûʲô쳣ϸ֮ȴͭϵҶ֮ԼؿһҶ͵µĶ顣
ƬĵҲرֻˡġİӣһĿռ䶼ͭͭҶе˾ƬĶ˴
ȻէһĻ˸Ҷ϶Ӱϸ֮ȴԿͭҶ֮ģεƣһû
ⲻҶԼ˶ʱȤһүүһӣȴû̸۹֣ȻҲ޴ӵ֪òȵȣӦúүүһͻ߸Ŷԡ
ƬҴ¿Եóһۣյġġһרҵ˵ϵоԱҴƬҲԿһͣȻҺ֪ʲôݣΪʲôһһģһ
ٿƬ֮ѾҰ·Żؼ±֮Уִ·˷Ȿ±ȴмкܶ˺ҳұ˺ĺۼԡ
ҵľⱾ±һдһС룬˺ȥݺڴľȻ࣡
ҿٵÿһεڣмܶʱ䶼ԾģʱһңԣЩݶ˺ˣΪ֪ԭ
Щ˺һʮҪݣֻ˭Щȫ˺ҾòܻǡġӦǶе˲ŶԣѵүүǼ壿
ȥҲôֻͨðѱ·ŻرһֺͷӣǻС˯һ۴ܰʲôҲûУҴһǷϾ;òԾʲôʱһƬӰ


һ 
Ҵʯվɨһ濴ʯΧһȦһƬӰҿ˿ʯԼӰӡ
Ǵʯͷ߳ȥ롣ֻһƬӰΧһܹԲΣʯ롣̧ͷ˿ͷȴûпԳӰĶЩ֡
Ҷϸ˿һƬͬӰһĶȴڶӵʱ͵һֻǰʯѹûӰңȴؿҵӰͳھӵС
ͻȻ龰ȥµӰӣȫעʯ֮С
ʯеӰһӰûһȫֻһӰѣ벻ǰľʱҵİӰҲ䲻
һʲô쳣ҲûУҸɻˣΪʵ̫ˣ̲ס˸սŻعٵͷȥϵӰʱȴָոΧʯһƬӰѾˡ
˹龰һһȷûˣƬӰƤƾʧˣ
ʲôĳײˣý⣬ͻȻִ˽ŲҺȻͷȴ֣֪ʲôʱѹģߵҼ˿ҳʲô£ôʯϢ
ʱʯһۣȴȵطֻ֣һ˵ӰһƬհףҸͷ
˵û£͹ȻҺ»صʯ£˵˯һôҲƣˣҹͺãҲ˯š
ʱҲȷЩˣǽϻغܿ˯˹ȥ
ٴѹʱΧǻ谵һƬҲ֪Լ˯˶ʱԺؿ˿ΧͷѾ˹Ҳǽ
ֻǵͷ˯ȥˣͷ˵һ˵˯һڻ磬˱һ˯ҸоԼ˯˺ܳʱ䣬ѹʱȴͷӺѾˣʯֻʣһˡ
һƬվһ飬ǾȻڴ
֮ҸоƺòһˣϸһȻǽϵıڻѾˣһضǣ̵ģǽϵıڻѾˡ
һĹЩϾͱӣȻ˵ģǿʱɫܹ֮ôޣȫʯԵʣںӴϾˡ
Ҳ϶ķڻ˼ϣǻڻ˹ƵģĹؾǲõشǽϡ
ʯ㶵վ˼ӣȻֺͷӲԵ޹ʾʧ٣ʲôҲһԵߵԭصǾͺãȥҵĻԽԽҲ
һĹٴóǱ±濴ȥ
桰ġļ¼Ѿ˽¥棬¥ӣ֮ǰĶ࣬˳¥һֱ
һһؿţļ¼Ǽ龰һģһֻ¥ûоΣհˣҿٵţʵ뿴¥ĵĲϵĲ֣֪浹ʲô
ǵҿĲ֮ȴֺѾ˺ˣ˺ҳĺۼԿһ˺ҳһεĿͷѾǵųǣҼ¼ҲһӴ·ݡ
ȻҪݶѾʧˣôЩ˺ҳ﾿ʲôݣҪȫ˺
Ǿˣһڽпһţƶϳ¥ﾭΣգΪųһεʱʮĸ˵ļ¼Ѿʮ
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Ҳֵ֪ĺ壬ؿλȴһλ˵ģ
ʮڵ˹ųǣųȥԶ˵ǺܲϣֱҡǼȴ˷ܣƺǷʲôر޴ʯ֮˵Ѿܽӽˡ
Ƿĵһ߾¡
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ʵ֤ȫҴ˵طǴҶ˷һһ·ʧأˣǵĶѾʮ˲ҷԪͻȻʧˣҲֲ֪ĵطȥǸûоȥЩΪ֪ܻܲųȥ
һ߾£Ҳ˵ʱ֧Ѿطĸ£һǰδеΣգļ¼пԿĻǺΣգġڼ¼λʱѾȫ̬ȡ
һλ͸¶Ϣܶ࣬Ҵܽ£Էֳĵ㡣
һǴΪѰΪĶȴַλûҶԣȫһա
ڶһ·һֱղϣһ·ˣڵ˾ĹʱѾֻʣʮ˲
塪Ҳ²ǵͷˣˣǾʲôˣǴϵԤڿԿһأڷԪʧǶϾ˼
ģ㣬˺صвŻڼ¼˵֪ܻܲųȥ
õЩϢȻǾ˺ܶԤΣպͱʣȴûκһ˲ģҲ˵ǾΣգûеġֵز仰˵ҲǻûĹΣգ
ϵͨ﷢֡ġĿֺͱʱҼǵһҵĸ¿Թƣֻĸӵͨ棬ֻܿʣˡġһˣײ֮ҵ˻أûӳȥۡ
ʮĸ˵Ķ飬һȫ˳ȥ˾үүʧٺܿΪѾʶٽԲ뿪˶顣
ȻһζεֺһЩϢ޷ԭʱľǺʲô˵ˣ˭Ҳ֪˭˺ȥ˼±ؼļ¼Ҳһʮֲš
һ˼·¿ԵóһۣĹһʮֿµĶġ֮ΪôǲǾļȫûھĹ֮ие֮ǰľ
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һ Ŀ־
ߵϣҸеһĪĹɢڶⶼ͸¶һ˲Ϣ
ʯǰŷֲͬĲǽϵıڻʯֻʯϵ̳۾Ѿʧˣʯ˺¥һģһ
Ҳؿʯȥҵֻû쵽ϣֻĶʯ淢ҿʯ϶ƣϺö˶˵ʯͱһʯӣضǡ
ҵֽڿУԻûзӦ⾿ô£ʱǡֺͷӻˣٵĽŲͷȴֺͷӾŵı飬ǿɢһصʯӣ΢һ㶣ָֻı顣
ǹ˲ѵʯߵߣԸе˵鲻ԾȻװɵģȴǵпˡ־壡
˵ʵҵһδֵпֶ֮ǰһֱΪʲôµġȥˣȴæشңֻ˵ǸϽ뿪׷ˡ
ҴԳٶһӣȻһع˵
ֺͷӶҹͣ˴Ӵͷͨȥֱ߸˵û뵽澹ȻĻ˿µĶ
ֵı뵽ġڼ±֣ƺʲôƵĶ֮䣬ȻǴڵģʮηĶ
ͨҲ֪ͨ֮ҲŷûѣڵںڰеʱҲȥãΪҶԺڰĻʵڲӦȴֹ˵Ѿڴˣȥ̫Σա
ûлѣǾϹһͨײһͨɽǾһտĵطй⣬ƺ˳ƣҲ˳֮µĹľҲ˵Ĺҡ
ȸոյĴҪСֻܶ࣬ĹҵǽϹŰյƣյǽϣյڹľϷľյһƬ
ҿһʯףžϸĻƣ׸ϵһͷģ
ʯһֻ걳ڱϣһŽ飬ֲֻֻϣÿһֻ϶һߣͭƳɵģϲƳٲĽţͷȥÿһ߶һλպĸÿһҹ顣
Ҳʯͷģȥƺʯǵһģʯ˵ʮ׸ߣڰ·һƬˮأĹҸ룬ֻһͨˮصͨһͷʯ¡
ƬˮصˮһƬҲΪڰԵʣˮǺɫġ
˵ˮ⣬ƺлأһһǽڣûпװȵȵİ˵ˮɾʲôҲ֪
ɨһĹңѾǾͷѾû·ˣҲ˵ѾʯľͷѾ·ˡ
ҸЩΪǽ֮ҿɫˮؾͿʼϵðݣˮһط
ˮʲôʱͻȻָĹ˵ǿ
˳ָŵķҿ걳ϵʯףɻػͷ֣ȴȴʯϣЩֿ˿ȴ֪־Ҫҿʲô
˵㿴ĹҵĿУ
ҿ˿ĹҵĿУֻĹҵıڶһֻһʯ棬һȦȦƳһУͷһֱҿоŸͷÿһͷӣֳͬķէһȥһ¾ŵյƣ֮⣬ĹҵĿû
ʱȴͷӵƺʲôʮֿµĶҲؿȴ֪Ǿʲô
ּһ¶ģ֪ûпٴָſи˵ϸУûзˮϷ˼ϸĽ˿
ϸţ濴ڿһܲһĽ˿ǰȥǿġ
ܼһ˿֯ɵҶʱҲһҿոûг嶯ǰȥڵӦѾҵƬˣ
ְעתƵˮ˵ɫˮܾܿǻϵĵط䣬ҹһ޴ĽϴӺɫˮðͷǽɫĴڳƵĹ
沢ֻһкܶ࣬Ϊҿϵнںɫˮ﷭ӿţҿŲðֳˮĽϣǵľ
ֻǴˮ﷭˷ӣûڿ˶ĽϵʱѾγҵĿǰΪֹҲΨһԻϽ˿Ķ
ǰǿ϶ܹȥģ˿ޱȣˮ滿ĿĽϣҪȥֱǳ˵Σҿ֣ѯ
ȴͷ˵˻ȥǲܵģĲҪˣ
Ҳ֪ͷ˵ľʲôΣǳڶĿ־壬û뵽ͷӵĻҲǵͷ˵ܾܿ̾ڴ棬ǻȥֻǻһĿܡ
Ҿȵ֣ΪҾǰ龰һ֮·ֵĻȴǱȴҪȫööط
ҪµʲôĵزŻη嵽ĵز
˵󻰣˵ôǰ˾ŲʮôҲֻﲫһˡ
˵Сģ㸺Ͻ˿ϱ˺˵ģֻ˿ֻҪ˿ˣǾϣ
ҵͷ֪һܼ޵Ϊ˶Ľϣǿ³ٽ˿ʵڲ룡
һǰȥǰĽ˿ҸЩ˿ʱͻȻˡ죬ƺʲôڵϣ̧ͷ˿ͭϵҹ鲻֪ʲôԭѾڵϣʱҲע⵽µĵ΢бӣĿҹ˳бˮ䡣
ҲԵؿţֻĿҹͳͳˮУҹˮеһ˲䣬ҿˮصˮͻȻǷһðߵݣˮصˮǱ˵㿪ˮһ˲ҽţֻĽˮоҵطţȹϵһȻǷ׷ðͷ
һĻһֻգ۵ĹˮرѾʮϣҽһϾͿʼ˿ҿԭһϵĵطֱһܵҼĹĿռ䶼˿ˡ
˷ܼĽ˿˲ò˼һ亹ôĽϣϵԸˣ


һ ɼ
ֻգ۵Ĺ򣬽³Ľ˿Ѿҿž޵һ޷ȥ
ȴ˼ؿŽϣƺʲôȻָˮ˵ˮؾͻƵ㣡
ȻְƲ˵һ飬˵ոյĹ۲죬ĽϢˮܵҹĸŲѹûע⵽һܹؼϸڣǽϰſʼ˿ȴˮ˿󵨵ز²⣬ˮûн˿ģܴˮǱȥĻôʹ˴ԽˮĽϵΣգ
Ļֻ轫ȥˮĽ˿ϣǱˮУٴעոյһϸڣҹˮ֮еĽ϶ǳߵİӿȴûһֻӶİȥ˵Ǳߵİǿ־ĶҲ˵ˮǱߵİǰȫģڵصܴܲȥˮٴˮ˳ιȥ
Ҿ뷨ֱǲ˼飬ĿˮĽ˵Ҳгɰǧˮﲻ˿ҪôȻ֮ιȥ̸ףϹǣôⲻȥˣ
ҵĵǣ˵ϾԲṥǣ˵ϸ۲˽ϲʳʬڵһص龰ϲý˿֮һţ˿龰ɴ˿²ϲйԣ˿ΩһȫӲĵطҲĵط
˵ʹڽ϶ҲܵȻָˮΪˮﲻ˿ڵϣȻ˿ӽԼ
ô˵ȻͷӶ޳ɷشôΩһİ취ҲΩһ·
˴飬ˮر߾һװԶ֮ȫǽ˿нڰ߲˿ôͲһȥǾֻһһ˹ȥ뵽ˮ֮Ǹ˰ӹһٹȥͿԴﵽȫˮеĿġ
Ǻϼ˺ϼƣҲֻеİ취һ˵Ļһûк֮ǣжǾ̶ǿ˵ˮ֮˾ʹˮֱǱһߵİߣҪͣԷһʱﲻס˵;һҪ֤Ҫ¶Ϊˮ϶Ľ˿
ֵ˼˵һȣɹĻôǾھ֮ˡ
ҰݸЦЦʾҲõģҿóЦúǣǿǰοҵĻʱҲ֪һֱ˳ᢵҲûס
Һͷվڰȫĵطߵ˿ǰǰĽ˿ϣȻһһ߽ȥΪֻһˣ൱ĻɻľҶӣֽ֮һ·Źȥ˳ֻ߹һ֮Ŀȱͱܻͷһͷ·һ
ͨ۲ֽкͽ˿ͻȻֽһ̺ܵ͵ĶȻǵӿȥֲܿ죬ȴһĵ͵ȶһ˼ΪǽϵĻ˿ʱѡָոոĵطĻ־Զ޷һ
ֻЩûУֺܿͽ뵽ˮУӻһС鷶Χɻʱ˹ͬʱѾǱˮ֮С
һĶ쳣˿û覴ãҿӹٴθ˽˿ǷɹֽסҰͷӣͷ˵ȣȥ
֪ͷӻһ·϶ҵչˣʲô¶Ụңڣ֪ҺͷǫãǾȥģҲٺһ˽˿
Ȼûǰ㶯ǻ˳ҿһʱĹѾεǱߵİϣһߵİȻûн˿ǴһOKƣ˼˵û⣬˰ϡ
û£Ҽȿ˵һҲ˵ˣߵøСֱѾˮرߣҪˮʱȴڳҴơ
ҿվڶİϣָͷҴڽ˿İΧ֮ͷתֻʹ̧۾ϷһһֻԭͷŸͷ­ʯ߲֪ʲôԭ򣬾Ȼ
ѾҺСģţϷȫǽ˿ģ
Ż˻ԼȻĽ˿ˮУʱһֱע⿴ͷŸͷ­ߣֻĹ·ڱܿ˿ҲʱҲŷ߹ȻǻģʯߣһʼҾͿˣ
Ŀԣǳͷȥģ˶ѾʶһֻͷӦˣȴһͷͷӵ
ʱͻȻͷӿ˵СģһҪ˳ӳȥȥˮ֮ðݸˣߣ
˵ʲôȴͷӵĽŲͬʱŸͷ­Ѿ˳ǽڻȥ֮龰ҾͿҸо׷ͷӳȥˡ
ʱɱ򾲣ҺСģϽˮ
ǿѹеĲȵȵ˿ȻǱˮ֮С
ˮںڵһƬֻܾǱԷԼ¶ҺüҶоײ˼ӲĶϣ֪ⶼǱˮĽϣǲȥǱ˺ֱ֮ܳҵٴײһӲĶϣȷˮرߵʯڣðͷ
ѾˮرϵңһͷһʯڣѾȫûͷӺ;ͷߵӰﲻһھΣȴο˵ͷһûҲ˵˵һ
û֪ļʺСΪ˲Ŀ־嶫ûв֣ڲǼƽЩʱǱҵڲС
Ҳʱ˰ҲȻұıʼǱҸϽֻѾʪ͸ˣһˮҰѼ±򿪣ȴӶѾʪˣּҲѾȫڻˮС
ġõǸֱʼ¼īˮˮɢˣʼǱһҳһҳȫīգΩһҪûˣ
ʱһ꣬ˮ֮ǰЩҾȻҰƬӱʼǱƬû¡
ΪʼǱʱͻȻұóһңͷʲôʱѵͼģ


һ ص
ùһȻͷϴŵĵͼʲôʱҵı
ֲٶ˵ҰѵͼѸٵ˱±ϣһתȷû·ˣҼѾʯ档
ƺҪʯףҲȥƿʯס֮ŷʯúر𣬹׸һ̾棬ⲻĸĹɣ
ƣƶ׸Ǵһ죬ҼҲһƣ׸ǻƿֱѾȫ¶ʯĿռ䣬ҲſһһĶ
׼ȷ˵Ӧһϼ룬ǽϵļ룬ԣϼǽ˿ɵġ
ѵĹĲˣǲ
ңʾ澿ʲôߵʯǰϼһ㻮
ҷƺǽ˿Ȼǣ۶Ľ˿һͶϣҪϼ뱻֮ѸٳɢҿڲϼľȻһò绨Ůӡ
ֻϼ붼ŮӴ˿ȹһ۾Ϳǽ˿֯ɵ˿Ҿΰѽ˿֯·ģ˷ĶκζһȥͱϣŮӾȻϡ
֮һŮӣҲҸ⣬ʲôݣ
һͷһ֣üͷƺҲľȻһ飬˵Сģ㿴
ʱңˮﴫˮһͷȥȴԭϰĽȫˮУںɫˮоҵطţûӰ
ҲػعͷȴʯŮʻļѾȥ˵ϼ˿ԲſԱʬڲϼ뱻ǻԭֵõʬʼҪˡ
ָŻĲϼָҿҿھ޴Ĳϼ滹Сϼ룬˿澹ȻǽϵӼ
˵ʵôСĽϺ͸ոǼľ޴ϻ޷ᲢۣҲСͿʼӼҲ˵Ľϲֹֻһ֣
ŲϼӼͻȻ뵽ʲôʬӣ
ЩϽӼ֮ƼʬӣҾͿεӼЩ죬Ȼⶫҳϵǣֻһת۵ĹŮӵʬ͸ˣڸõļ棬ҿһɫĶǶļ
գ֮䣬òŮӾͱһ߳ªֲʬ壬ӿȥֲ֮
룬ͻȻ˵ѹ׸ǺϣЩʬϾҪˣ
벻ʯľȻʬӣҺһѹ׸ƣʱֻһˡĹƺٴʲô˵ϡ
Ҵ¿ȥֻһɫĶڷŵĽ顣
ͻȻɿʯ׵֣ȥһû׹ʲô£ѾԾ걳ϣߴҸϽҸҲȥ
ʱҸеʯ͵ҡҲԣ˵ǴĻأʯ׾Ҫˣ
˵Ѿ˵ϣҲȥŷµİѾƣһֻѾʼˡ
ǽڱܣʯԶһЩҴ㣬ʯҪǵ浹ȥˮصһͷ۶ﶼᱻµʯ׺ȵզࡣ
ܿҲʶ㣬ûκԥҾˮȥͬʱꡱЩҪǰס
ˮУһ·Ǳȥ֪ʯ׵ȵȶˮло޴ĳֻǱ˲ŻⱻҵˮˮȫһƬɫǸ޷֪ˮؾж
ֻһ·Ǳȥоûе׵˼һ·ȻûײһϣոϢǧϡ
ڸǿЩʱҺѾǱ˽жʮ룬ҸоѾǱȥʮȴȴһҲûҪͣµ˼
˼ҵʱ͵ظеˮͻȻһЩ㿴һ۾һȴˣҷͻȻ֮侹Ȼ͸ˮС
һͷȥһֻۣͷһƬڰĻ磬ɫˮ͸ˮγһԵķָߣҲͷ˿ҿȵıֻǳһ˲Ȼָֻƽ
ҲعͷͻȻòԾˮôҿܣȴǾȻһ޴ͨ棬ͨǽϹŹƣںڰз⡣
һʲôͨȻеƹָ
ǱôãҸоŵһϾҪþҲ·ĻҹҺֶǺ档
Ҳʶ㣬ӿǰٶȣҽţˮһ·¶ȥģ˿ûҪ׵ӣҲϵݣ˵ʵѾʼǺˮˡ
ֵˮҪҺù࣬ҲϵݣͷסңǱȥһرţֲ֪Ǳ˶ãҸоѾ֧ŲסзƣϢĸоһӿ
ȻҿͨͻȻչȥ֮󣬵ϣҺ־ʹˮ¶ͷ
̧ͷͿǰǵĹǰһ˸ţҿȳˮȴͭ档
͵Щѹһһܣִͭһ۶ߣǾȻͨˮѾ˾Ĺ¡Ҳһðˮأŷˮز׼һȪһ
ҴˮҸоҲǺЩˮ֮ҲһҵؿţſڵҲǾҵؿԣǺȥˮϵؿȳоһЩˣҺְڴһſڵϡ
Ϣ˺ܾ֮ҲŻվע⵽µĹǴ淢ġ
ߵϣֻѾ޷ĵزĵطϸ˿ȴͻȻһָоǿֻ¶һС֣ڵĻиࡣ
ΪԼ󵨵뷨е𾪣ĻôһĻ棬ʲôſԽһӴʯֻѾɽĸ
շɢ˼һر˵׶֮ϵİѾ˰ߣҶſȥһȦȦʮصĻƵ֮Ҳʮ־޴
ƣϣšġļأֻһûп꣬±ļ¼ѾȫûˣΩһģֻȴ֪ӵʯȥġ
ţƣ̱ϣʱͻȻĿɿڴؿңָ˵Сģߣ


һ 
һعͷȥȴһߣҴ۵С۵ؿţֻıǽӲģһˡ
ŵá⡱شӵδؿأʮı棬ſǣǵʼո˾ıӰȴ޷һƽ档
ҿؿŤӣǺͫףȫһط䣬Щʬܵȥģ
ʶһϾ⣬ôȥǴˮģôδӵص߳ȥ
ӾлعϸЩʬ壬ʱȵط֣ﶼʬ壬ЩʬǵϵͼһΪһ˸ɭء
һ·ȥȫʬ壬Ϊ͸Եʣ޷棬òʬİɣ˾޴ȫʬ壬ǸǶˣ
ʶܱߣҲ˵ӦĹ룬Ĺж󣬵ȴһգҿ˿쵽ĺڰκζ
Ҳڿ˵ԽԽǽľԭͣҲڵĽϴ˿ó˺һĽۣ˵ܿڵ»ų޷ƵĲ֡
ʱͻȻֻڰ͵һƬҵĻ⣬һ޴޷ĻȻڿУĹյͬһȻҿŻڿȼ
ǽĻھĹ˷ȼţʱ㿴ĹȫòȷǴ޷ĵطĹǽĸ޴޷ʯˣǵģҼͭһģһԭˣһЩ塣
˸޴ĻȼǵͫУͷĸ޴ʯˣȵطǵſţȻǽȥʯ
Ϊ޴ĸŵĵƣյƱУҵȼţȫյġ
ʱĹüûпĵطϵͭҶԿһԣĸ޴ʯŵĳƣþΪͭ
֮ǰɫľĹѾþ׳ۣȴ벻ӺΰȫѾ𺳣رĸʯˣߴףھĹе̳ĸʯֻ¾һƴḶ́һͭȵȡ
һȦƵֱ¾ףǾ˹̳Ķ
ֵпͬɻ󣬶һȦĹҷһݵһȥĶڣڶģЩ׵ӡ
ֿ˵ǵҶڿ¾ɣ¿ģ֪ôģ뵽һ߾굽֧飬ھĹ´һµʱ䣬ѵǷڣ߾俪ڣ
ûȥĹתһȦĹȻ޴󣬿ֻҪбԵͻһ죬ǶһȦ֮󣬷׵ȷûνĳڡ
־ò⣬աġʼǱļأȳ˵֮ǣٵĹײȥʯûгڣôνģ
뵽ҺֲԼͬضڣѵ֮ͨǵͨµǸˮͨʯһ
ʱͻȻһͷҲ̧ͷȥǾ̧ͷʱȴһںĶӸߴһûп壬ⶫѾ˵ϣǡǲԶʱҲſһˡ
ҿźϤϸ룬ȴѾȿڣͷӣ
ôһ˵һعҪǰȥ뿴ȴס˵ȥѾʬˣ
ƺǸֵĻֻڵϵʬ涯ڵ䶯ţֱתӣҲſӣﻹͷӵӣֻȫļѾݣϵƤ׹Ѿûòͷӵģϲ˭
ȫ̱ڵϣȥһһҴ¿ԿȫĹͷ϶ѾڻˣΪҿķһƤ䶯
䶯ʱ򻹰š๾ࡱƺʲôļ䶯һһĵضţʱһ
ͬʱͷͭҶͻȻٴϡﻩ̧ͷȥֻͷͭɺҶҵزţ֪ⲻǷ磬ΪĹ֮иûз硣ϸȥȴ֦κζּˣſڣ
ֻδ䣬ͻȻͷͻȻһȻһֻ룬վ֦ͷ롱غţ˿ûпһ
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һûзӦͻȻĽײ̧ͷȥʱһֻԭտҲ֮УͻȻʬ壬һʬ½½ش
Щʬɶͷӵʬһģһ˵ϾͱһſڵϣȻ󻺻䶯ǵĿԣǳǡ
ּˣ˵ڿΩһĳڣҸϽȥ
û˵꣬ͷͭͻȻҵҡбȥǼ龰ֻܸϽߣֻ֨֨ѽѽ춯ţҸϾͷȥҲûʱȥҺֲ֪ȥ˶Զ¡һͭɺҶ׹ڵϣһ졣
ŻͷȥֻͭǸովŵĵطǸѾ֦£ѭͭɶѵĵطȥȴͭɶѵĵطҲѿһӣһɻɫҺӶϿҿһʬѾ¶ͷ
ͷʬҾĻͷʬȻǴܳģ
⣬ԼǺ⣬һа
ҿıڻݣ֪ΪʲôҪֵͭĲ²ǶԵģǺ϶벻飬ǿֲ¡
ҵףΪʲôҪͭģΪڲע⵽ѵͭɵĵײðĶϿڸҲ˵ϵĶϿǱеģҺܾܿʬͨôʬ壬ƾս뵽յ֮еģ


һ þ
϶»ص֦ͭѹŵĵطѰҸոյĶڣǶûҵȴҵ֦һЩʬǹͬһϣת֮ѾһƬ
ԥ֮䣬ϵĻͷʬҲѾϣҺΧס
ͷʬѾжԸľ飬ֻϵĲʬǰûм֪ιˣ˵Ƥԣ϶ⶫӦҲ¡
ҵͷҺֱ·ԸͷʬҸԸʬ
Ҵ㶯ֵʱȴͭͻȻվһˣ˵ĳǰĲӲΪ֮һĿɿڴؿվľȻ
λվĺպҿԿպñסѾͷʬΧסҲûп϶ϡ̧ͷҲңҿʣô
ҲΪһǼٵģȴ֪ΪʲôʱٵĻѡ֣ŵʱҿ¶ĪЦ⣬˵Сģ֪˭𣿡
ҲؿȻ˵ӦѾһ߾굽ķˣѵûΪʲô᳤һģһ𣿡
һֱ֪⣬ȴĲ֪𰸣ҶʣΪʲô
ȴ˵ΪǼٵģݣ֣ͳͳǼٵģ
˵߽ңҿŻƽ𽣡Ҳ̫ĻĻȴҲòţʵȷʵΪʲôһ֮񣬶һҲûУһ߾꣬ҳȴʮ⵹Ϊʲô
ɻʱֿǰͻȻҴ󺰣Сģ
ҴһӣȻͻȻӦ䡰˼Ȼ󲻸ŵؿٵ־òԣٵĻôô˿־
룬Ѿ˽𽣳ҴҸϽùԥٴξ𽣣ҺػٴμææرܿȴŲҵؽ׷ңèץϷһ
ҸûΩһõ̫̣޷Ľ𽣿⣬ҵʵ̫ˣ𽥸е׽󣬶ɲŲæسұƹ
˵ͬʱͻȻʲôҿһȴǲʬֻҽѾۼ˺üʬǲסҵĽšĲȵȥ϶ĹѾŽҵߡ
ʱͻȻһͷ­˹ؽͷ­룬𽣣ҪʱͻȻײϣͬʱֳҴ󺰣Сģߣ
վ벻֣ȴ˵ǲһ뿪ֻӳȥһҺȥĻҳẦģ
Ҳ˵ʲôʱѾ˵ϣҲԥĳͭǱܣ·ĲʬضƤȥȥ֮ƤѿֻһɻɫҺɽȻʬͲˡ
Ҳһеͭܣһͷһۣ¿˾ͺݲ뿪ȥ֮֡ͭѰţöڻڣֻǱͭҶסˣҰǿͭҶҪȥȴӶһˡ
һΪһʬ壬һʱһȥǵ¶ʱҲŷ־Ȼʯͷ
ʯͷҲܾȣܿͱĮı飬Ȼһߺһŵ֣Ҳ֪ûпô£ֻѸǱ߹ȥ
˵Ǽٵģ͵ҲǼʬġΪʯͷĳ֣ҲŻȥҷʱʯͷѾȫƿƣվ󣬶ذ׺ѸٵشĲϸȥҿһͷ­͵˵ϡ
ҿ˺Ϥĳֻͷ­ϵһ˲䣬ͻȻסµͷ­ȴʯͷڵ֮ҳ˺ܶʯ飬һ˫۾ۿµµع
ҲʯˣҾʶⲻǼٵҲ˵һ·βǵģٰǵĶʯͷˣ
ʯͷȴ˵ǣ˵ٰǵ
Щ⣬ʯͷ˿ֵ֣ıؿڶ𽣻ˣѪðʯͷӱóҩЩ˿ֹסѪȻó˿ڡ
ָոպƺ˺ܴЩֻ˵ʯͷǲùңСĸϽȥҺһֻ»Ầǣ
ʯͷȴһԵ˿ڰ˵ǿߣ
ʯͷȴؿڣǴһߣҲһոɱġ
ʯͷ˵ַ߰ҿһۻվڵϵͷʯˣֿ˵Ȼôʯͷ˵ʲô
ҪƳһɫҺ廹ʬͻͷʬȴѾܵòӰЩ죬׹ھʯͷѾˡ
ʯͷֽ뵽棬Ҹͷʯͷ˵ֱͨĵ֮ǣ˵ڵ֮ǺųѾΪһ壬ΪųѾ̮ˣųǻǵ֮ǶѾһƬ棬Ҳôҵǡ
ﲻ˵ĵطʯͷֻǼ򵥵˵˼䣬Ǿͽ˶֮Уȥģǹһ֮ͱÿտȻҿ϶ȥ̨ףʯͷ˵ǶһЩų̮Щ֣Ҳ̮
ǼӽӣȻһЩ֧סֻҲ׵Ϊʲôһӻһ·ҿʯͷų˺üʯӺͳȪˮѵҲҪʯ
ʯͷûҽֵͣľҲһһģʯһ·ϣ˳ȥʱ磬ôۣҲͬʯͷ˵ģѾ䳹ױһƬ档
ҷǳĵطʵǱԵʯͷ˵߾⣬Ҫȥľ·
Ҳʱ͵´һ춯ȻҿųٴݣʯȵȵĲ»䣬ȻϾֱһʮ׵ӣվڱԵݵĹųǿȥһɿһ
ŲݵǣҲͻȻƤڵ֮֪ûΣգûӳʯͷƤһҲûУʯͷһı飬ҲҲ˵
ҿ˿ֵ֣Ѿú㣬֪ʱѾ˹ȥʯͷôˣʯͷüͷ˿֣ȴѾγذס
Ҽǵڵʯͷ˵Ҳɱɱ


һ ̥
ƺѾʶʯͷҪʲô˵ǰʯͷȴվԭûãһտĵ
һ־ôˣʯͷ˵Ūþͦȥˡ
ԭúõģֻǺһΪʲô⸱ģʯͷ˵Ϊ
ʯͷʲôʯͷĬ˺ܾãζ˵ţҲǴ𰸡
Ҳ֪ʯͷ仰ʲô˼ʯͷһۣ˵ԺȻ֪
̫ʯͷ˵ѲͻΪһ˵ڵص׵ȥ֮ʬʬ֮ӣǼٵġ
ԭΪǼٵģֶʯͷĻЩò˼飬Ϊʬ֮ģһһ˵ȵȶ˿û쳣ֻڱʯͷذ׸Դ֮űúܲͬ
ʯͷҵʣ͸˵֪ͨʬ䣬ľףʬ˺˼ֱһģһ޴ӷֱ٣һֱڰǱһ֧ǲʬðǣҲΪԵʣľײŻֱΪ֮˿ǻģʵˡ
Ǵӽľ׿ʼȴûһˣȻ֪ˣ˵ľױˡ
ʯͷҵ˼˵ҪȥطУȥľıؾ֮·ҴǾľߣǴ˰ڡ
óͼʯͷ˵ģȻͼҲעôɫ򣬾Ӧʯͷ˵ʬ˵ĵطߣľҲ͵ͼľͷ
ʯͷһͼģҰͷӵºʯͷ˵һ飬ʯͷüţرִüͷңܼһҾʲôȥ
ҡҡͷ˵ҸһЩڰɫ飬ʵЩͷӽģʯͷţҷүɽһεʱرȤϸؽеľһһֶŹҪظͷӵԭͷ˵ЩֻżǵһЩԭĻ޷ȫظ
ʯͷ˼һҵȥ¼ȷүͻ嶼ڣ
Ҳ֪ʯͷΪʲôͻȻ⣬ʱҲûе¼լȥЩƹ˵ģҳүҲƹҵģţʯͷŵľݣŵҵǿԭظʯͷ˷ûбˡ
֮ᵽһˣʯͷȤҸо޷߱ҺӵϸڣʯͷʮָȤ쳣ϸ
ʯͷһ䣺Сģľ׾Ϊʲô
˵үΣգľװҪĿģûˣҵڣ֪үľ׾Ҫʲô
ʯͷͻȻңȻĪЦˣЦҿȴһĪΪʯͷЦʱһֱ۾۾ȴɫ
ҾƺǵһοʵʯͷȴŹֵı龿Ϊʲô۾ŲɣʧˣϵȷЦš
Ȼ˵Сģױƭ۶ү㱣̫ãȴҲǺ㡣
Ҳ֪ΪʲôͻȻ֮ʯͷ˵ĻǷıֻһ˲Ĺһɨգȡ֮һĮ˵дŵĲǳүүҲûľף֪йسүϢȫǼٵġ
ʯͷ˵ĺƵᣬ˵һ飬ǾĻȴشϣҼʯһʯͷһĲ˼顣
ʯͷ˵Ѿʾȴ˿Ǹľף˵ľײΣգǡ
ʲôȴĻסˣҿƺֻ֮˵˾һ֪ЩʱֻľѾȫ˱֮С
Ҳʯͷ˵Щ˵ڰʾʲôֻʯͷ˵үͻ岢ûľף˱˵ļıҲʣΪʲôүͻȴʲôҪľף
ʯͷû˵ȥֻ˵ܿܳүͻ崦Σ֮УðΣճߣȴ˿ûвҲ˵еıĺĻֶûҵĻɡ
ʯͷô˵ͻȻΩһ֧ľ׵Ѿûˣ뵽үүҲľףô£ʯͷش˵үүȷľףڹѾ˴˰룬˽жľ׵ġ
Ҽǵ˵ǲģʯͷ˵ʱ࿴һۣȴû˵ʲôȴеͷ͵һƺʯͷһѾʲô뵽ȴš
ʯͷ˵﷢ֵ飬˵ŵƤʬѾˣʯͷһζ˵ƤܹŹ֣ѪĹľף͸¶һֹϢҲ͸ûСһЩ
ҲʯͷȻỳɵƤͷϣ˵ĻֺƤǺѣҲɣʯͷһۻԵ֣ȴҡҡͷҡͷʲô˼ȴ֪Ϊ֮û˵ֻǿǵķڷ
֮ǰֻʯͷ쳣أڲŷߵÿһ˶һգ޷͸ϸźƤĽ̸֪ôģƤ˵ҼǵõʱһǲϾŵˣλشҵЩǵˣֻǵ˵ڳɳŻ
֪ΪʲôҶ仰ӡһֱ̣ȴĲôǵˣҸоƤҴǺϵһˣЩʯͷĲ²⡣
Ժ۸ӵЩţͻȻֻнŲʯͷʱѾվҲתͷȥȴƤǲԶĵطȴʮСȻʣ˭
ҲؿƤʵƤôˣ
ʱҿվʯͷѾ˻ȥûһҪ˼֪˵ǰƤƤ˵Ƥû¾ͺã
ҿƤҲ͵һ߹ǿ֮ȴ͵رɫʣôˣ
ҰڵµºƤ˵ˣƤʱɫøѿˣҿӿ˿ֵȻӿڴóһϣҿϴŵһģһ
ҿһƤ治ɻǴľҿµģǴժġƤ̧ͷĿ⣬ҲûֻͣǺȻ˵һ䣺ⶫá
ҿ˵⻰ʱʯͷһۣһƺŴҿ͸ı顣


һ ²
΢΢زһЩ죬ʯͷƤЩ˵ĹŹ֣ҿóǶ໥¼ɣ˭Ҳ˭ʲôҲû˵Ҹֻһᡣ
ΪһֱڻԵԵʣ޷·ݵפҲʱúϢһ¡ʱҾһֱĥͷҵĵͼټʯϿĵͼȽȴҲľ׵ĵοЩ
ƤȻҴϸĵͼֱ˵֮˵ԭǶͷӵĳȴûзκμ⣬ֻ˵ľΣգʯͷ涼Щٲά裬ô˳ؽȥģһһ·ͨ裿
ȻǴˣƤ˼ԶҲ벻ͨľͷڵصҲѾʬ䣬䲻˵ЩȻûκ塣
мԺѹһΣֻ˹ȥʯͷΣֻ˵ˣǴͷβֱ֪ʲôԭֻģ֪ΪʲôһûиһƬ
ʯͷƤûкҽͣǰѽľ֮Ϣ£һЩǴǵϢͷȴ޴ӵ֪ľ׵ĴھΪʲôΪʲôҪҲүүΪʲôҪ
Ϊʯͷ֪ʯͷҲҡҡͷ˵ֻ֪ľһԴ쳣ƺһ
ʯͷĻŴγֵĹŹͭˣҿʱ;ú棬ģѵԤʾص
Һͷһ߾֧飬Ҳľ׵Ŀģľ׵Ĵ𰸣֪ѰҡֱڣҶ֪ʲô
ʯͷƤƺҲǵһʯͷü˺ܾã˵۶ү˵ֻ۶үһҲģѡ
Ҷʱ뵽үүҲľףѵҲΪѰҡ
ҰĹҵƬͱʼǱҲһһˣʼǱѾȫˮײҪˣֻҪƬʣǿƬϺһģһġġʱ򣬶̲ס࿴һۡ
ʯͷһ۾ͿƬΣҿƬĿհ״˺ܾãȻһֱ˼ʲôһԲ
Ƥ֮һֱƬϵ˺Աȣұòͷ͡һЦ˵˵ġҲ˵׼
ȻҾͿһֱҿѾȥƬˣڿʲô뿪Ц˵ڿѾǿʮˡ
֪ƤһֱûģҲƽϣı飬˵˵ģСģƬϵ˻治һˣ°û롣
ȻƬҿҹ濴Ƭķ°·һŵ룬°ȴûУڵص׵ʱһֱûע⵽ϸڣڿһʱһֺܸӵĸоʲôоȴ˵
ûҰүүҲڶе˵ʼվΣڻûеȲ˵ĺãֻ˵˼֣Ƥʯͷ˶ؿңʯͷãֻǿһۣûʲôı飬Ƥȴֱ㶵ؿңС˵ûɣǵƺ֪ˡ
Ƥ˵еĴʼˣеĻУֻҪǵĶ᲻֪
㶣ѵҲӳȥˣҼǵáġļ¼ˣһԿ϶ʱһ˺һģһľأֻ󲻵ˣһɹ˳
ô֧֮˾͸˷ˣڽƾҿѾ޷ǵ
Ƥֲ˵¶棬Ӫô꣬û˼ʲôģֻ֪ʮһˣǰҲĹҵġ
Ҹҿ϶ġ±м¼ļƤеͬһˣʱʯͷͻȻһ䣬˵۶үһ̫ܵүչˣһ壬˵ĥؿһʵСģڼ±ļ¼пй۶үļ¼ûУ
˵¥ǰĵƬűּ˵ƬıЩΣּȻƬϵĶ񣬿롯֣ȴǡġıʼ
˵һƬ롱˱ȽϣҿǲһģԲһдҿŵġ롱һ㡣
ʯͷ˵Ϥ۶үдֶģҲ˵үүıʼ
ұүү£ȴʯͷֻһͿ˾ֻðүүļ¼Ҳ˵˳ʯͷûʲôӦƤըҩһСģСӾȻôҪˣ
ֻεЦЦƤʯͷûΪұģƤֻ̾˵СӾʲô¾ϲҴţһ˷Խһ취ܱһţǼǿǡ
ֻٴεЦЦʯͷûоϣ˼һ˵۶үʧ٣ž볤ɳǱַ˵Щɣ϶˵۶ү˺ҪĶСģ۶үô꣬û⾿ʲô
ҡҡͷҺүүڼһֱ࣬ļܹصĶһرĶҶǵ
ʯͷô˵˵ⶫҪȴһֵǮ㿴һͨĶСȻ֣۶ү˵Ҳ֪Ҫ
ʯͷôһ˵Ҳͦе˵ĻôͨĶкö࣬Ҹ벻ʲôǷġ
룬ȴ͵ػһӡر̵ĶҾʵ̫ͨˣܲǣʵʯͷүү̴ľ𣿡
ʯͷүүͽܣȻͷ˵Ҿӡ̵ľⶫүүȥȴҲⶫˣҼǵûзүүĹľС
ʯͷʮҪһ飺ȷ۶үȥ֮Ͳˣ
ҵͷôһҲȺܲͬҼǵүүȽŲûëȴһֱϲȣСʱΪүүΪ˷Ŷõģ룬ȴǣҷǵүү˯ʱҪڴš
ʱͻȻٴ˹ҿѾӵֱһЩҿľࡣ
ѹ֮ڵص׵£ҲһûԣֻǿʱһҸƤȥģʲôҲ˿ƤƤֻЦЦû˵ʲô
Ҳûʣֻ˶೤ʱˣҪشͻȻֻٴδһ¡žͿһƬӲԶڵð


һһʮ ɽһ
ֻԭѾݳһɿ״ųͻȻٶݣݵٶȸѸ٣ֻΧɽ嶼»䣬ǼˣϽ⳷
Ҳ֪ΪʲôѾݵӻͻȻٴݣұȸոյĸңǼǲ·ߴܣһۡ
ǰݵͣʱֻȥĵطǰ֪˶ٱڵص׵ͻȻӵð˳һ¶
ܿӱԽԽһһ³ҾؿţֻͳλãԽԽֳȫò
ת˲֮䣬Χɽٴ̮ǲò⳷ˣѵǴ˵ص׵ʲôأɽĳݣ
ȻûбȥʯҶϣֻͭѾȫʧȥӰѾȫ䡣ĸ˼ַһɽͷͣվڴɽߴڿԿȫòֻȴȴǸӾ޴Ķڵص£ȴֻ¶һС֡
ʯͷֻһۣ˵Ȼ⣡
ʯͷôһ˵ϸ˿Ķ
̲ססԼͣѾӴĴڣŲѣҲ˵ڵŵҪж޴ŻԤ֪ƥ⣿Ҳ֪ôģʬѾ̮ʯѵֻģͣ
ҲֱʱӵݲȫͣҾȵؿ޴żȻ˽
ʯͷѾʼߣŻعʯͷ˵ȥһ뵽аҲЩȴ᲻һʬ
ң˭ｨһȻʬϵʯһ¥ôҲӦһŶԣҲ˵һĹ
ѹڵصûҵĹңԭֻǻȴûн뵽Ĺ棬¥ĹҶڵعͷҲ˵ףҴ¹£Ҫڵ¶ĵطſԽġ
ʯͷ˵ȥţȶȥ˵ʯͷѾɽϻȥ뺰סѾȥ˺Զ
ҿʯͷģƺԵúȲֱʯͷʲôʱƤҵļ򣬰ο˵Сģ㲻õµġ
ȻƤɽͷһλ£Щ㷲ȻѹǾͷȴǰûʲô°ɣҡҡͷ˵Ϣһͻˣҵ߼ϵϣܾЩס
ףġҲô˵ģΪʲôҲòף
ȻҶ룬ƤͻȻڴҵĳ˼ңСģ֪ʯͷľ𣿡
֪Ƥʯͷ඼гɼ֪˵ʲôͼǵͷʾ֪˵ܼҵıүʡ
ƤЩȵؿңȻʵô֪ģ
˵ʯͷҵģƤЩָֻ֮ǰı飬ңôûиΪʲôľܼңȫֻʣһˣ
ҡҡͷʯͷ٣˵ЩЩҲ漰˽ƤڵҾĴ𰸡
Ƥ˵ʯͷܣأʲôƤ˵Ҳ֪˵ʯͷӲʱΪѲˣǵʱСӣʯͷ׼ʯͷӲǴСĹļɣ꣬үȥһСȴΪʧ󣬽һĹĹ֮С
νĹĹԭѾһĹ꼸ǧȥԭȵĹڵصף潨µĹʯͷүľһĹĹȷһСĹȴһģӴĴ󶷣ʯͷү֮ĹȴѾͨǼǴͨģǴͿյġ
Ҳ˵淢䣬ܿǷʬ䣬үӦʱʯͷĸѾУˣֻһʲôȴû֪ΪĹûҵʬ壬ʯͷȴ漣ػ
Ƥ˵صȴʯͷλģ˵µӽĹУȴһƬǽ塣ǽ뵽֮УֻͷҵòУΪĹѾϴٹˣĴ֮ȴֹصĶȫڣҶĹľҲ𣬲Ǳ򿪹ӡ
Ǵ˹ľȴ벻ľĲʬ壬۾俴ǵʯͷ
սʸҲ龰һʯͷʼնܰڹľϿЩӣүĹ˵һ飬Щ֪ʯͷһˡ
ֲ֣һӾȻĹҰʯͷ˵ĹѾӣʯͷȴָָҵʬ壬Ǻ׵ӡ
ʱһӳ֣Ǻ£һĺӲڹײɵغ̸Ĺ飬ң˵ĻǼǰ飬ǹ˲ʯͷȿֺؾ˳ȥ
ʯͷ˵´ܼҵĶ̫үµأĹ濴һģһ龰Űʯͷܼңϣ˵ʯͷԶݣʵܼҵ˶֪ʯͷǰ˸Ӷ򲻵һʲôˡ
ҼɵһƤ˵£ʯͷڹײǶεʱҵӲЩƤ˵һֱʯͷаܼҵ˳̫үͬҲһסһԺӣҲ˻̤档
Ƥ˵ʯͷסǼԺɭɭģլһȥ˷䣬ֲ쳣
ƤȥûУƤͷ˵ȥһΣǴ֮ҲԸ̤ȥһ
ƤΪʲôƤ˵ɭ֮⣬˺µʵʯͷΪ֣ʯͷƽҲ˯ڹײģ
Ƥôһ˵ȫĺëʱֻ֪ʯͷһǳعƧˣȴû뵽֣֮ȴ֪ʯͷʵһˡ
Ƥ˵˶ʯͷе֮⣬ҲƤӺող˵˻ʯͷôҪȥʯͷ
׷ʣƤ˵ʵҲܣ֮ǰԼ˵ֻǺֲ˵˵ʱֿһ֣ûзԣż˵ȥ˵ֶܣ˵ҲܼҵˣȴǱܼȥģǵүү̫үֵܣֵܡ
Ƥ˵ҲŻȻΪʲôƤֹϵ֮ãΪʲôƤһᵽǵϣ־ͻز⣬ԭȴԭ
ֻҲ֪ʲô£̫үֵܷĿԼ׵˳ȥȻƤܼҵ˽£ȻһܼСĶүݣҲù׷ʣֻ˵˼


һһʮһ ֮1
Ƥ˵ЩȴһֱֳĬʲôҲû˵Ҳֵؿһۣǿֵ۾ʱȴ͵ط۾ù䣬ȫʶǸ֡
۾֪ʲôʱѾǰ㣬ͫͬһӰ棬һֺܲõԤУԼȴȻҿһŻعȻĪһЦԭѾܹӹ
ƤҲֵҿĿͻȻۼֵϣȴֵѾظʲôҲ
Ƥɵֵֵ֣أ
ȴûлشָҾնʱӹŹҿֽ¶ѵʱ򣬲ŰƤ·ʾϡ
Ҳʱ򣬱ͻȻֻԭڵϵͻȻ̳֮ɽ񱼣ҺƤûзӦѾʧľ֮䣬Ҽǻûʶʲô£Ƥܻغһʬ䣡
˵Ѿ׷ȥҲԥظȥܽʱѾûӰҺƤϹתһܣֻ»صԭء
Ƥ־ôˣƤ֧֧ذڸңֻɻˣʲôǻˣƤ˵˾ǿǻˣȴһԵĲȫ䣬û¶ȡ˵ⲻǽʬƤ˵ǽʬȴ̵ĽʬΩһĲ֮ͬ⣬ļͻһģһԲŻᱻ֮Ϊˣ
Ҳ˼ؿƤô˵Ļ˺ͻǺ޲𣬵Ƥҡҡͷ˵кܴĲ𣬱˻˱ԸΪάϵһûˣô˾͵ʱ˵֮ǰӰǾǻˣҲ˵ڽʱʯ
͵ػعҲʯǲ˵ҲǻˣҺü񲻶ǴıԵ
Ƥ˵ͷԭҲһԿ϶ǣȳľףҲǼֹֻͣڵ£һٶʮ֮ͻѹƤ˵ĻˣľײŻᱻΪ֮һ̸֮ɫĽء
һδƽһ𣬸˵ʲô̧ȴɽµ֪ôģҾô࣬ҲѾ¶˳
ҿʯͷվϣȻֻܿһӰȴԾ龰ҺƤҲɽϻȥ
ӵΧǳɰǧֵľʯҺƤһ·ȥѾԿӣֻʬѾʧƿϵĿڱ֯һŹֵĻƣȻҿʯͷϳ֣ƺʾȥ
ҺƤӽ˲ӣŷȫһƬóĵطð̶ɣٲȻһ塣
ʯͷվ׶˵ĵطȴû֣üͷ壬Ұʧ˵ˣûٶ˵ʲôָֻĸ˵ǿյģҿ˿Ωһڡ
ҹ濴Ͽž޴Ŀӣҫ£Կ̨ͨף澹Ȼ̨׵ģҲ˵ȷڣ֮ǰ֦ͭȴҪڸڸ
ʯͷ˵Ѿ˽ȥҺƤ󣬽ȥ֮ŷͨյģվ̨ѾԿ޴޷Ŀռ䣬ȫʯ̶ɵġ
ھ޴¥һ֮ǰͭķӣȴˣһһ˾Ÿ֦ÿΪһ飬ֳ顣
ߵɵˣÿһ涼ͣһֻɫȴûƽɵġµ룬Ҳɵֻ񣬵ȴͨɫðɡ¼Ѿףɴֻͣͭɡ
ϸϸֻȴֶڣҲ˵ԭҲʮ̫Ĵ˵
̤㵽ʯĵϣ̧ͷΪʲôᱻͨ͸ĵ£ҷ֣ڵҲһģһӰӣһһ
ӦþǺԭͣʱʯͷ˵˵ĺܿܲǵͼǺ˿ľ󣬶ɺϵǣɫѪĹȴӽ˳
뵽ʯıڻôԿ϶ǰɫѪĹͭӦöǳԺټĺ㣬ô͸Ӳûˡ
ôҲͿԽͺͭȥҴ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ƵʱǼڣڳҲ֮нֻǺ֪ʲôʣܿǲõ飬ǲ֦ͭϵпڶֹ˽룬߷ֹĶ
ţſʯĵ˿ʯϾȫ͸Ȼܿ쵽ص׵Ӱȴͷ
տޱȵ¥¥ȫǷģȷֻΩһĿڡ
ʯͷվ̫ͭ£Ϊ֦Ѿ䵽˵ϣ޴̫ͭҲֿɼҼʯͷ֦ȴһͭĩʯͷմֵͭмٴ̫ͭڵȻ˵̫ڲͭɵģֻ֭ͭͿһ棡
˵ţʯͷѾγذף̫ͭڵһֻƮƮëʹ
ҺƤⲻͭѵǻĲɣʯͷʱѾ֦ϣֻֻ̫ͭԱߣҲһģһ
Ҳ˼ؿ⼸ֻ߸ϵ̫ڣŲŵ飬뵽֮ǰʬڣѵǴ˵е̫ڣ
죬ҲǷ񻰹еʮ̫ͷɣĴ˵ֻ̫Ϣڷɣϣһֵֻʮ
ʱͻȻ¥ﴫһ죬ֻԭ֦ϵ̫ͭͻȻˤڵ֮ͭƬֳʵ̫ڣֻǿԿ϶Щ̫ڶѾɿݣӣЩڵĶ걾
ʯͷԾڵϵ̫ڣûκα飬˵¥ӣ죬ôԽǾͻῴԽӽʵĶһȻ˵ҲҪ
ҿһڵϵ̫ڣⶫģǲ˵ֹʮ̫ôǲ˵ͷķɣͷľҲĴڵģ
һ·ϵļţҲȥΪһѾԽԽҵ֪һ·ϣھŴ˵ʵĹ龰ô£־ʲô


һһʮ ֮2
ǵǼ¥һȦ֮ŷ֣ﾹȻûȥڣҾΪ£ΪǷŲʮס
Ȼûҵڣȴտ¥бĶġ
Ϸ˱ʯµʬ壬Ǿһţ˵ʵҸ֪ǾܽȥģƺʯγɵͬʱǾһ𱻷档
ҸǣʯһӨ͸͸ʯǿԿĵطȴȻס
ʯͷ˵ԼһźĶȴ徿ʲôſڵ˺ܾãҲûпʯͷ˵ⶫ
һ֣ΪҷʬĲԶҲʬ߶ȵͬһλãﾹȻп֣Щʬһǿʯڲġ
һȣҿ˿ȴЩܿС׭ʯͷƤܿҲЩ֣ǹؼǣȻܿȴľӣΪЩһֱȥģֻԼͷļ֣Щһеغһ𣬳ܿС׭壬ʲôȴЩ޴ӱϡ
ЩʬѾĪЩεȥģʯڲֻֿܣһȻγɣڶЩʯƴģҸЩʯƴնɵġ
뵽ʯͷͻȻŵ˵м϶
ʯͷڵţȻҿѾذڵϻ˳ذ׵ĺۼҹ濴һۿɼļ϶Ҳ˵һʵʯģ
ʹǶģҲǾ޴޷ʯ˳ŷֵķ϶ȴЩ϶½㣬¥ĵֳĸ֣洦ϡ
ҾƵͼԣҪʾλãôԵú˵Ļأǻֻ
»ص֮£ڵϵ̫ͭڻڵϣܾЩ̫ڵĴĪΣȴ֪
ʯͷذ׽ϵ̫ͭڻҲŷ֣ν̫ڸһëŵ徹ȻһͭͭıСףͭУĹǼܣëȫճġ
ҿʱ򲻵ò̾Ҫʯͷë濴⾹ȻǼٵģʯͷ˵ЩëҲһģǿȸɽӥģǼѼЩĳë
ʯͷֻҲҲһģһĹ죬Ǽϸع۲̫ڵĹǼܣֲͭͭǿȡģͭԵúܹŹ֣ӣĹ泣õĻءǧ
ǧĹĻһõĶǧ˼壬Ŀ׿ԿǧЩͨȫͨ໥ڿ棬ֻҪһͻǣеء
ŵСɷ㣬ǹȴޱȣһһĹֻҪһǧͿԲһĻأԱ鲼ĹңǧõĻϸ˷ʤձڸĹ֮Уɳʯȵ֮Ļء
ҲڿⶫʱʯͷͻȻɫһ䣬ֻѸٵ棬ֻڸո̫ͭվŵ֦ϹҲһСףҿԿ׺Ӷɵһ塣
ʯͷſ˿Ȼ̧ͷ˵ѾĻأ
ʯͷؿܣƺѰһرĺۼôʱҸûκλرҲɻĿܣͼҳʲôͬĵط
Ϊ˽ʯͷ˵ʱȳȥûͨڣһĻһʱҪӳȥһѵ顣
ҺƤͷǷ׷̨ȥǵߵڴʱȴǽѾˣ̨׾ͷһӲʯǽڡ
ҵʱֻһͷǹں޲֮´ĻأϢѾǱ档
ϵĿΩһͨ¥ĵطͷϾʯô˵Ҳʮ׺Ҫȥֱǲܡ
·ߵʱִֻ顱ѭȥֻʣ̫Ҳ׷״׹䣬Ļƽ̫ΪվøߵԵʣˤ֮ǧ͹˳
ǧǻƽɵģұȸոյͭǧӸӣվ˸ߵĵطҶ˲İɫ˿ߣЩ˿ڼٵ֮ŻƽǧһһڵϹµµתš
ǧҲٵתֻëٵرɫ˿߸ϣֻǧڵͬʱתŵ
ҼǾ㶵ؿŵ·һĻȫ޷Ͻᷢʲô벻ıʡֱе˿ߴǧ龡ǧʧȥ˿ߵΧҵعȥҲſʯ֮һڻζ˿ߣ͵һ£Щر鲼档
ͬʱͻȻ䡱һûҷӦֻһǧֵʯ͵شǽƳǽµ̨׾ͱײ÷飬վ̨֮УЩվȣȷӦʱȥ̨Ѿˣǽ½ʣĲ̨ףڿС
һ죬ֻľʯǽײӵ̨һײ٣ʯ׷ɢڵϣЩľʯڿУȴ׹ȥ
ʯͷһĻ˵ܿҪˣǸϽȥ
˵ѾԾŵľʯ֮УҺƤҲԾȥҵʯĽŻûվȣֻ󡰺䡱һһʯѾӴֱǽײ˳վŵΩһʣµ̨ײ飬Ȼײվŵʯϡ
ʯײһʯ͵ҲŸӻûվȣôһĲȾԱ㵹Ȼ˾µ䣬ƴץס˾ʯıԵʯ⻬ֻǶݵһٴ䡣
ʱƤ͵ץסҵ֣ſھʯϣʯϸû㣬Ҳקź䣬Ȼʯͷں͵סĽţŻ
ҾڿУʮߣǼʵʯ棬Ҳ֪ȥʲôӣ֮ǻ˵ġ
ǽţҾͷĵڻɢֻĿ޴ʯԵƳȥ¶мĿռ䣬ſʯ֮ضʬ壬Ƕһʯϣ¥֮УžŸ޴ʯȻΧ룬ȴѾߵĵطͻأ¥֮С
ҿʯ֮⣬ȫǱ鲼ʬ壬ϴϤҼʧ


һһʮ ֮3
Ҹٶ࿴һֻۣʯͷе˵һˣ
ʯͷδ䣬վŵʯȻҡҿҪǽϵѸһ飬ײײһȥΣ
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ʯͷѸ٣࣬ѾȥľʯϣҿӱѸóھʯϴᣬȻкǿ
ҺƤĵ̨ʯϣʯͷǸϽ˳ȥҺƤһһһȥʯͷ
滹׵ʱʯͻȻʼҡʯͷһʯҪˣϽȥ
Ǽûκԥ׿ȥ֮ǸϽûܳһʯȻ£ֻһŸľ룬Ҹ˸ؿڣþյһĻҲֱʱȫأҲŶݵһ
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ؼǣ֪Щǻѹģ̧ۿһ¥㣬˾ŸΧǵĿռ֮⣬һ϶ʬ壬Ҵ¹£˵Ҳһǧߣ߸࣬ضһƬͷ­һۿȥЩ㤡
ȻѾ˸ոյΣգ¥ȻûκγڣһҲȫܷ⣬һҲһһ˾ɵĻء
ʯͷڵϸоЩʬ壬Ȼָŵ°͸ĵطǿǾѾˣʯͷ˵ϻϵźϸ˿ߣҺһ߻ͷʬľϵһ
۾ϸϸȥңĻͷʬϸһʯͷ˵ܾܿһĻأһǧһ
ʯͷվ̧ͷ˿һ¥Ȼ˵ǹȥϿЩ˿߻Ҳ˵һ
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һδ֮ǰֻվ棬ְĿ⼯ϣֻÿһ϶һ֣õĶһɫС׭ȻõС׭Ҳ˵ʱǲԺ󣬶ּ󶼱Ǻġ
ֻǿһۣȴҵ뷨һӾʹˣЩֿС׭ȴһҲÿһֶǱһź죬ɾһҲһС׭塣
ʯͷƤû֣ǵſ˵ϣѰ˿ߵľͷȻʯͷָָ˵Щ˿߹涼ǻ£档
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ʯͷְĿۼϣֻĿ׿ĸ࣬Щ˿ȫ棬һ·ȥ˸ߴѾˡ
Ҳ˵ĻغһϵһģԤУȻƤһ˵ԱһȦͷʬ߶ˣ߶ϵͬʱľҲǵ䣬ȻҿһȦͷʬ͵۾
ЧӦЩͷʬ˳ӿһѹһֱӵ棬վϣѹһȦʬ֪ᷢʲôرһ᲻һһ̮
ʱ͵ƶġˡһһͷȥȴ̳ϵʯʱӦñ֮Ϊʯģֻ֪ӺδðʯİʯĵϷݺݵٴȥ
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¥ĻͷʬһŤϵҲԽԽ࣬ȥʱһ㣬ıӲҶһһ
ǾվҲǰ취ΪҿѾʼѣĻͷʬѾε˼磬ٹ˶ãǾͻǧ߻ͷʬҲ֪ܲʤ㣬һ֧ʬɵľӣ
ӣֻ˽Χŵļ̳棬ʱİʯϷߵţǴӸߴ׹ġ
ʯͷһһߵʯԣҼԥסİؾʯȥ
һΪҲòסԼ˫Ҳһͬʱ¡һֻ̳֮⣬¥ĵڳѣȻһ׹ȥ
׹ȥĻбڵϵĻͷʬڵһ˲䣬һǿĻͷʬ͵ϲûиһȥ˵ҲʮֻѸڼ̳棬
ʯͷƺǷʲôֻһ֮˵ڶǣҺƤΧĻͷʬƵ˵ʯΧžʯһγƵص档
⿴һȥĵ棬澹ȻѾһƬ׵Ԩڶģ治ǿյİɣ
Ƥʱ˵ǿǲûн뵽棬ֻĿռѡҼƤ˵׼ȷ˵Ӧý¥¥ֻһ㣬ӵһһھһ¥
Ųһվŵĵ棬ƣˣǾͻȥ˵Ҳаȥ϶ǲܻģ
ʯͷЩȴǻȻˣֻһʯϣҰһģе淢ġСҺһãվŵĵҲҪˣ


һһʮ ֮
ֱʱҲ֪ʯͷõʯľһ¥ĻأеĻضǻ£ʯ棬ʶҼųʯͷˣ
ʯͷȴȻٴλصֹʯͷȴʯͷһȥʯҲƣȻʯʯֻʯͷŹİֽڿУңҲ֪ʲôֻǾӺ쳣
ȻҿͻȻתͷɻؿ˵Сģƺʲô
ʯͷͻȻĪĻЩֲǰδ飬һûüشͻȻ̮ҸоҰʯ˿УȻ͵׹ʯͷƤҲŵˣǾر۾
׹гһ붼ûҾ͸оһӲĵϣʯһϣҵðǣҸоȫĹͷƺҶһ㣬ſΧһۣȴҸպһʯ̨ϣƤʯͷԨ±ֱȥ
Ъ˹þȫʯͷƤ
ҵĺ澭òֻԼһȴǵκλӦ
ܿʯ׹Ҳޣҵ̱һһļžˤ֮󣬹߹ǺȹǶѾˤˣڵϸãҲҶΪҹ۲⣬ʯ̨պһҵһֻʯ̨棬ֻ㶯һ¾ͻȥ
ſͷǾŸǿʯ̨֧һ¥һȫѾ׹䣬ҾؿЩֵǵʯҼʯ̨ûҪ
ҵ¾Ǻڰ׵ԨʯͷƤȥ϶޷ӿǰδеľǴнľ׾ȻȫҪҺ˼ţȻԺػ˹ȥ
ѹʱͷʮôߵľ룬ҶƺʲôûǽڣҲ¥Ωһ
˲͵һʯͷ׹Ȼҿ¥˾ȻһӣһѾҿ˴̽溰һСĶүڲ棿
Ҵʯ̨պñס濴ңҿ۲ĵΣûпң͸֮ķ϶ȴǡܿ
Ȼ洫һӵʱûһɻӦȴͺ˻ƵԼڴһСĶүСĶү
ÿһҾͻӦһ䣬ȴ˿ûȻҿ˻ȥҾ͸оΧ°
ҸոϣһȥؿͷֻоǾһУһذɽȥ
֮һֱѣԼĪʮ֮ҿڴٴ̽һſ˸ϸϸҵ۾̵Ǳ۾ҿƹ¥һȦ֮ͣߣҲʱ˳һˣҵˣʯ̨ϣ
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Ҳ֪˭Ķ飬ʱҸûйȥЩֻ֪ԼþˣͷԺһţҾٴ˻ԡ
Ҹо˺ܳʱ䣬Ѿ˯˼켸ҹһʱŷֲһСʱѾ̧˳ȫӵ
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үѾŵʱϣңСĶүúЩûУ
صͷ޷˵Ȼңأ
ҡҡͷƺ֪ҵ˼ȻҿүҲӣʲôҲû˵ֻüͷңȻүͿʼ뿪ֻ˵أҪơ
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ֺˣֲ֪٣ʯͷƤ׶༪١
һ뵽ҵľһس鴤Ҿ޴£Һˡ
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ǵ֮ȴͻȻᣬȥ²ЩźıȥҾǰδеƣҲֱʱҲүүһ仰ʵЩŲ֪Զ֪õöࡣңÿһŶд𰸵ġ
֮ܳʱҶûûεҽеĲεȵȫѹĵףǳĵףԶҪ
ʱҲǵعȥ̫үÿ춼ҽԺҲ˵κйźı£һЩ޹ؽҪл
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ȻԼЦ˵СĶүʵǾƣһºţΪ˵ҺСʱ򣬴ԼӰɣүүܼңʱССͰڼһģģģܼ֮¾ͶСĶү˵˳Цô̫үҲһԷЦ˵ҶǱүүߵġ
˳˵ĶԼҲ̲סЦʱȴ˿Ҳǲ˳ֻ̫үһΣҳԺصܼңһֱ̫үլţ·һȳһա
̫үϲʱҲ޽֦Ҷˮʲôģ̫үĶǺƷ֣һֶûмʲôûЩֻ֣˵ЩƷ־Ǵľ״ġ
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ĸ־һѲذף¾ѣĵ׵ȫٴθԺʯͷƤ֣ȵȵˡ
վڻ߷˺óʱĴ֪ЩǸ˵ģҲǣ֮ǰһжֻ˶ѡ
̫үһֱ̫ʦϿңһع˵Сģӱʼղǰ취ѡǣѡ񣬿𣿡
ҡҡͷ̫үңôѡأ
ҾֻصǰĵҪƽŵľڵð˳һ˵Ҫҵ𰸣
̫үãЦЦı飬˵Դľ׻һ˾һֱҪ㣬ֻһֱӱܣÿҾƵˡ
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̫ү˵壡
һǸڡġıʼᵽļ壬Ƥ˵ĹеĻУʵҲ֪ھĹ﾿ʲôҪҵʲô
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̫үش˵Ѿ׼õĻʱԡ
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һһʮ 
ʱѾĿҴľ׻Ѿȥ˰ʱ䡣
ԭΪĴӦסС߱Ӷ˳Ⱥֱʱ򣬲ŷеĻУȻסƶסķӣƶҪƶ
Һ̫ү߽ӵʱ򣬵һӦʪưܻߣһ䱻˼ӣΩһ̫ʦϣһȦžһʬһ
ǽøɿݵʵͷӺС𣿡
̫ү˵Сһֱ㣬Ҳܾûˣý㡣
ȻЦ˵һģľͿˡ
̫ү㲻˵һһûһļҾߣûĵط̫үĴŲӣʣҺͼվš
忴ȥˣϵʵ䲻ĵزҿ۾ʼնţݿ¡Ȼſ˵С̫үӣǹζϤѾȥľף˰ɣ
֪˵ǻش˵Ѿˣ˵ֻҪȥˣϾͻմζӵᱻԶζٻȥϢ
żûһ˵ԼĪЦЦһĪĲɣУȻֹסЦ̫ʦһԲ
һֱΪһֱҪ˵ʲôҪĻҲŷѹûһ߾ȥľµ˼ҴſԲµóһ˼ľһУҸոմľ׻һʱһ
պΣվЩ֪룬̫үûвǵĻ⣬ֻתţ·Ӷ˵кܴôҲ
һһ̫ʦϣƺǸͲһڻǰͲסʵǵʱ﾿ʲôһʼϿǵһЩ
һû˵꣬ͱ͵شϣٶ˵ûнȥ
˼ĲѺãȻ˵Ǹûнȥ棬Ҳû˿Խȥܻ֮ų
ոյĻǲƣô仰ѾζҲ֪òȥȻ建˻˵ͷ˵ˣֻĿռתƣҲûȥ֪ʲô޷Ķ
㶣Ҿü˵ìܣ״εĸоٴʵôʲô
ȴ벻֣ͻȻǷһ۾۾͵һҿ۾Ȼͻһȫûͫף˫۾۰ףȻŭسҺⲻӦʵĶ֪ûУ㲻ʣҲ֪
ұķŭŪˣңǼ֮ȴκйһ߾ȥľ׵£ôҪҪʲô
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Ȼ̫үת˵Сģ߰ɡ
ֿһۼ壬ұΪ֪֮ľ׵£ȴʲôҲû˵һξճ
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˵Сģ㲻Ҫּ壬˵ԭӦҲˣʵں£ϾȥˣûвẦµģѡķʽ֪飬ľоġ
ĬĬؽӹľУֻҲ֪ҪйεĿֲŻ־嵽˵زѾʮ껹˿ûеȥ
·̫ү⣬ʹеǼĲҵ̫үϵػش˵ǣȻң̹⵵⣬ͼǮһһΪҪһҲҪҵĶ
ʲô̫үû˵Һ̫үصܼңȥ̫֮үԺ￴ֵĻһصľС
·ϲ²ľĶʲôǡġ˺ȥıʼЩʧƬǹһ߾ľ֮еĻ䣿
ǵҴľ֮ȴֶǣֻһҾĪĶһԿס
Կϸؿ˿Ҳûʲô·ŻľҽľкϵʱȴľеĸϿһ֡
ּѾģˣϸرţϷһַֽʽַȻ룬ԿĪǾԿף
²ţȴ⴫˵˳ں̫үʺãȻҾ˳ڳҵķҰľ˳ţСĶүڲ棿
Ӧ˳ţôˣ˵̫үģ˵ҿҪţӦЩ
Ҳսԭ̫ү֪Ҳ˵ʲôش˳˵ҪһˡȻҴľóԿף˳Щһȥ̫үԺʲôҲû˵
Ժӣ˳ҪȥҰľϵĵַ˵ˣ˳˻˵ϵַˣڶѾ֣֪ڲڣҪһҡ
ҹܿʮǰĵַǵͷΪ˷Ѱң˳ûпǴĵ˴µķλȻ˳֪ĵҽȥûȻϵַǻҵȥ˲ŷ֣ƺҲǽûֻѾܳ¾˶ѡ
ΩһεĻƺţҪҵַƺǰУƫƫûˣҺ˳ط˸飬ȴûҵ˺ܶˣǶ֪סô꣬Ҳڲŷ־Ȼûƺš
Ҳǲľдˣתһ룬ĿԺССＸ͵ƺţǲǺ
Һ˳ͷӬһתǰÿÿƺŶ˸飬²֪˶Ȧиɹ̫Ĵүȥˣǲ黧ڻôģ˵˿ʮȦˣ۾컨ˡ
˳̸̣ȻַϵǣȻ֪Ҹƺűûеģ˵ֲǺȴˣ˵Ƿ⽨СķӶˣǾڸڵСŪƺţڵһҡ
ͷ˵Ǽ䷿ûסڶš


һһʮ ġµĶ
Һ˳չһӣҪҵַ߽ȥóԿſţɵžͱ򿪣Ĺ⾰ȴϴү˵ɾ࣬һȾͲ񳤾ûûסӡ
İڷҲܼ򵥣ڰûлҳҲ쳣ɾһҳҲûϣȴûˡ
ҽӶһ⣬һͷ䣬ǵסģϵıҲ룬֮Ӷһּ˵ĸо
ֻΩһ쳣ȴǴӣҿĴǴ򿪵ģһСⷿڶ¥ȴԺ״Ӵȥ
ϵģôôῪţ
ϸؿһ飬ȴûбڹĺۼ˳һȴ˵
Ҳ֪Ǵ￴ģ˳İ򿪣ȴһƬ࣬ȴһƬǽ塣
ҿȫ飬Ѿòӣ˳˳óһ㷭˷ûʲôֽ˻ȥ
˳ʱ˵ϣûҵҵĶ
˵˿£·һľӣ˳ϳ򿪣ȴʲôҲûУȻˡ
ܾһһĸоرǿľѾտҲʱҸѾһеĶ
ʱͻȻǶԿ׿ŵѵ浱ס
ʰӣʱȻˣ˳Ѿһԭأǡñ͸ŵķſ
һ̫̫ҿſҲ£ֱֱң˿ĭ֪νǽ뵽̫̫ȴ򶨵ؽŹϣûһѵ̫̫ãûң
ţŹϵ̫̫ȴ˵ˣ˵ôˣС밡ԭˡ
Ҷʱԭأʶңֱ˵С벻ңǡġ
Ҳ֪λش𣬵Ͼҵʲôһվ˳ǽҲһ⣬û̫̫ͣѾ߽˷ҼĿһֱۼϣڿһ
ȻͻȻغС밡ôԽԽˣҼǵһģô㿴ŻǶʮС֣
˵ұǶʮСӣҲ룬Цȴ֪ôֻͣЦΡ
Ȼ̫̫˳ʵѣ
һûڣ˳ƺѾʲô̽ػش𣺡Сĵѡ
Ҿ̫̫ҵģʵˣΪҾǡġֿ˳һкӣһֱ߶ţ棬桭
ֱʶġȴ޴¿ʹڡġ£ܲʱǸʲôģǸʲô˵ȵ֮İɣҾʳѱ̫̫̻ʹȥ
ԥţ˳ȴˣ˵ǻҵ㶫
˳û˵̫̫̳ʲôģСѣľСһģ㶥ະһľ㣡
ҿ˳εЦЦܼҵС̫үҲгԱʱ򣬲̲סЦʱֻ̫̫߶С밡Ҿ˵һ⣬ʱߵʱҰӣҰ㱣һӣһ߾ʮ꣬Ӷˣ㷴ǵˣţ͸ȥ
̫̫У˵žͿ˳ȥ̫̫һߣ˳̶˵СĶүòʱðɣ
Ұ˳һۣʲôʱѡġҵһˣȻͻȻЦ֪ʲôܼҵС̫үһƦֻ̫үǰװװӰˣʵСĶүʱҾ֪Ƥһûġ
Һ˳ţֻ̫̫ܿҿŸӣ⼣߰ߣݸ˵ⶫ㱦ĽҶ˭Ҳ֪ĵطڸˣһ
Ȼ̫̫Ҫ뿪ûȻ˳ӣȴһţƤֽţƤֽŷҰóȴܷġ
ⶫӦǡġȥľ֮ǰľ̫ܵģӦúľ֮йأóţƤֽ΢΢ЩأҽţƤֽ˺ĶڴϣӳľȻľ׼ľ
ȻֿǧСһĶʯôȴǴģ֪ţƤֽΪʲôôأȫΪŴǧԵʡ
ţƤֽ￴˿滹һֽӦǷĵͿѻȴ
ǡġȴֲܴڣصȴͼϣһС֣ǡġıʼдšȫգǿںͼɢڲͬĵطҪһƴգǵʱѾֻ࣬ðȥһΣϣҵڣõĶô
Ȼǡġľ֮֮ǰµģȴɻΪʲôҪǧһţƤֽһͼѾȥһ
˳˵ܿܣĳطзһȥԲŵ֪ľһ
Ͼ;ԺˣͬǡġıʼǣǳǰҪȥľȴҪȥҡӺǡô£
Ҿ˵Ǻìܣǰһ£ǵĿĵѰǡҡġ˵ڣȴ˵ʱȥһһѰڵͼΪʲô˵ʱ䲻࣬˵ҪȥõĶʲô
ֻﲻûҵ֪Ĵ𰸣õ˸ţΩһ֪һǣһǱõ
˼Щⲻţ˳ȴͼֽϸоȻ˵滹Уһع汳ҲУǿͼҶʱסˡ
ͼǳֹĵǸͼҷĺϸһ˳ȻһСֻ֣дţ
ŴһЩֵʬϿͼΪ߱ʲôǺ֪һѪһֺѪͳѪͳʬʬ岻ͬûͼʬ屻ڳ֮󲻾þ͸ɺԻ߸ãʬȴʯ޷óͣ
ġдĺܶ࣬ƺļ⣬滹УƲ⣬ֻ˵ҺַͼΪĺֱ֣ҲϣҵĳΩһļسںʱ򡭡
ֱʱҲŷֽǲģ汻˺ȥһС飬ǡ˺ȥؼĵطҾϾͿ֪һ𰸣ȴȻֹţƤֽѰң᲻棬ʵ֤ȷǱ˿˺ȥģţƤֽûУ


һһʮ ԽԽ
СģֽԾ˳ͻȻ˵
ͼֽǰϸ˺ڴҽ͵㿴ͼֽôֽ꣬Ѿˣ㿴˺ȴǷ׵ģԵúʣǸձ˺˲õӡ
ҿֽ˺ڣȻ˳˵һȻ˳óţƤֽ濴ţƤֽܷĵطȻ˵ȻʵĽˮҲǲǰܷģ
о˳Ҫ˵ʲôҿٵǰС￴ȥҸȥСһҲûУ˳Ȼյ˵һСĶүľ⣡
ֺֺЦʱ˳˼Цһ˵ľ̫ܿѾҴǣ֪㲻ʶġġ˺ȥͼֽؼĲ֣װʲô֪ӣ뿴ʶһʮˣȴԶʮӳǰһοʲôı飿ľ̫ûбֳľȣҲ˵Ѿ֪㲻ǡġ
˳˵űſߣҪȥ׷ľ̫ľ̫ѾȥЩʱҪǣǿ϶ҲģطҪϤ
Ҹ˳ߵʱڰϿһȴľ̫µģΪؼǵãǽʱ򰫹ʲôҲûУʼֻľ̫һ˽
ֻֽдţҪ֪һ࣬ʱµڸϽŶ뿪ʮΣգסʱܿǽ޷棡
Ұֽݸ˳˳˿˵ǸϽ뿪
ʰöǧ;ȵװţƤֽΪ˲עĿҰӷ˴µľͷȻҽϣ뿪
СûһˣҺ˳߳С棬û߼ҾͷʼոǣƺǴСͷβġ
˳Ѿ֣ɫغ˵ͷװ֪ӣŶǷͷߣȻܼլſͷ
˳˵꣬ͳֵһͷˣһΣβ棬ͣ¿һۣкһ⳵ƫƫʱûһ⳵֣ҷһֶٹˣǻȺУ۹ⶼ᲻ʱϣȻǸ˶һġ
ֻüǰߣǽظңһһʼհΧ롣
ŸΰǵʱͻȻ˺һСĶүһͷȥֵֻһɫͷҿһۣȴǳ¼ǵƹЦӯӯڳҴкҪ˳糵
ڰͲøϽ˦ЩˣǵͷƹѳŴ򿪣ȥȥ֮Ҳŷֳڻһˣȴǻ塣
ӣһ˫ֻ۰׵۾ʱĪһ忴ңԸ˾˵Сӻȥ
ٴο壬˵ĻԼʵȴһҲ˵һҲʲ忴˿ţƤֽ·ңС㻹ðɣ
ҵͷ˵壬û̫ˡ
ûжı飬ƹЦ˵屾һֱû£µҲһֱҡ
Ҿƹ⻰˵ζȴ޴ȥеζ֮һֱһԣֱ͵ܼլſڣ³³ǰͻȻסңҵûһֱúñţҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻǸһֱܣĽء
ͷ㲻˵Ȼ˵ô̫ƽԼע㣡
˵ɫ󱼾;ȥҾý֣ҵļУ嶼Ǻͳүһ֣죬ȴһУȴǺͳ¼ǵƹһ֡
ҿԶȥûӰĳţ˺ܾãһ⳵լſͣ£˳Ѿ˻ҴԼְСʱѾȵ·û°ɣҵͷʾ⻹á
ҲʱҲŷǻҳôŪģôôã˵Ƿֿ»ȥǼݣȻûԿףǴӴͷȥġ
ȻóһƬҿҿƬѾƣһźӰˣġʮ۵վм䣬Ҳʶ˳ҿһۣ˵ﲻȫȻȥ˵
»ص̫үСԺǻȥ֮Ҳŷ̫үȴڣԺĻҲˣɻؿһ˳ȴûЩһ·ƬøҿԼȴںȲ衣
ֻʶġվڡġԣҲ֪˭ǵҿʱȴһ⾹ȻľģҾ֮ϣ͸ƬҿԿ޴Լʯ
˳˵Ƭ´﷭ģ֮һְֱΪʲôᱻôңȥһط˷ȴֻһƬ˵Ƭ˷ֱǼʹϹӣϹ˳˵ӦüϴκͺһȥɫѪĹĴް
͵һ㶣ްҲʶġ
˳˵ްܼҵ˳˵˵ǣֻܼҳܼҵ̿ˣһܼҺľˣܶʱ벻£ܼҿöǣԾö֮Ͷ˵ܼҵˣʵֻ໥֮Ľα˽һѡ
˳ôްʲô˳˵ҲްүүҲ̫үʱʽˣ׶Ǻ
ҺɵؿƬˣ˵Ѿȥôʯ﷢ֵıʼƬô£
ҽƬ棬ȻҲǡġĵƬȻıʼֻдŵڣһŰһ£Ҳ˵Ǿһȥľ׵
ʯ￴һ߾ȥʱµģһƬһŰһ꣬ôƬңǺþˣһȥһľףֲáġͼֽ˵ðȥһΡԭȥһΣͼֽӦ֮Ƴľ̫ġ
ƬҾֻܵóЩ²⣬ΪƬֻһ֮⣬֮ǰƬڱд˱źͱʼ¼Ƭԭ
ֽƬġҵȷһģһҲɣѵˣ
˳˼ȴƬϣΪȷ޷õϢǣԽԽ࣬ҾþȥʴްҲǲ˵ġ
˳˵ȻȥһˣʱʱңȻһȥľ̫ͷȱ룬ȼľ̫Ҳͻࡣ
ҿ˳üͷӣƺʲôû˵ߵüȻǳʲô£ȻҲûʣʱ˵̫үĻôˣҿ˱ɫʼû˵ʲô˵̫үϲ徲ܰᵽ˱СԺȥҲ˵һ
Ҿɺǣǿ˵ʹҴȥֻһԺ﷢̧ͷͿԺվһֻѻûϸֱ뿪Ҳ͵طֻ֣ţȻһֻʬڣ


һһʮ 󴳽
ڿʬڵһ˲䣬ֻоҵԴˡһը˹ͷҵԺ﷭ЩʬڸҪɳСԺʱʶʲôȻ׷˳ȥ
ܼլⶼǴСȣСǽǽԺԺӣһԹĸоھЩСԺʱҲŷСԺûסģϵĴѾ⼣߰ߣȻѾܾûпˡ
ʬһֱܼլɽȥں׷࣬Ҳ֪Ѿ׷˶ͣһСԺķϣվܽһ
վԺǽ⿴СԺ龰תԺǰǰɹһѴòӣŻ˻ΣȻưܣȴʵý
͸ŷ濴ͷѾסˣֻںһƬǲǸȥһԥʱͻȻһСģôܵˣ
һعͷֻ̫үվ̨棬ﱧһ軨ţʱһƬհףȻ˵ֻ㶵ؿ̫ү
̫үټ飬˵ǲԽģܼҵĹأһηҾͲƽˣҴȥɡ
ұ̫үɱıһҶܼҵĹϣط첻ٶ˵ʲô̫үԺǽʱҿһСԺܣʬѾˣҰյĹһ⣬ѾûӰ̸ʱ䣬ҲѾˡ
һ·̫үһֶ˵ҸȴԸеɢֱϢҲһֱһصסŵСԺſڣŻͷ˵͵ɣԺסҰᵽһСԺʲôµĻֱ˳Ϳԣܼġ
ҲҶ˵ͷ֪ˣ̫үͷҲص뿪ˣҿԶȥıӰŵŻ̫үҵ̬һһٰʮȴת䣬Щ˼ƿŽȥȴѾ뿪˳ȴѾ̫ʦϣһңȥˣҲųȥһͲˣոүү˵
ҵͷ˳ɫÿ̫ʦվҵʲôˣ
ǿЦЦ˵û£˳һĲţͻȻѹʵǲܵլȥˣ
㶵ؿ˳Ц˵Ҿ֪Ҳôɹûôˣҿ˼ҷģ˶ʮӣ붼սͷүү֮˭ܽȥ˭ȥ˭ù
˵˳ͻȻ˶٣ʲôȻֲүү֮⻹ʯͷҼǵʯͷס档
˵ʯͷҵͻȻ©˰ģʯͷƤ龰Ժֳ︡ģƤ˵Ƿ˵ʯͷ˯ڹײģ˵ĻƤҲ̫үȥҲûլӵر֮Ͳ֪ǹȥˣ
˳ᵽʯͷȴûٶ˵ģֻأֹһ䡪ȫǸ
˳Ҷؿ֪˵©죬ϲ˵ҸոյϢˣҰְ£ǲǱȥˣ
˳ܼС̫үСͱְ⻰Ȼ˵Щģ˳˵ȥҵ͵һȻ󼸺ǲԾѿڶУһҪȥ
˳ҵĻɫ˱䣬ȻЦ˵ǳɣȻСĶүҲӣ
˳úķʽ֮ܿϵΣҿóǿͻȻΪ˵ĸоȴ˲ô࣬ҾΪЩ˼ţѾ߻ħˡ
˳˵ܼȻǴ壬ȴ͵ûӰǳȥöۣһСľͱȥ֮鷳Ľ
˳ԵɣұΪ˳˵ģȴһҲûԥ͸˸ң˵ˣƺ϶Թˣ϶Թô£Ҳֻ֪ƺǼڹһǾͲ֪ͻȻðһһ˲ͳҵľһȺˡ
϶ԹʱͻȻºүүйأҲңӿ϶Ⱥ˲ǳżģԵ޹ʵǸҺ˳ʲô
ǴӺųȥĿСһЩ˳ңȻҵߣ߱߸˵ңҵ
˵ſڱֱվţҲòʱڶ㣬ȴ뵽һܲõĴʡӣܼҴ˳صң˳ȴֺĬķʽڴҵĻɣͬʱҲò˳ϸĺܣЩûеġ
˳ûټ⣬˵һЩͯʱȤ£ŷ֣ͯҾȻһƬհף˳٩٩̸ȴʲôҲ˵Ϊ˵ЩΣʲôҲǵá
ǵܼҴʱŷ֣ͯļȫֹүүΪ֮ǰģҾһҲûˡ
˳˵˰죬ã֪ҲǵˣЩʧȴɻ˵Сʱ˴ϻۣôǲʱأ˵Ӧѽ
ҲúܲӦãʵǲǵþǲǵãֻ̯̯֣ܳҲεʼ磬˵ڵҺСʱȫˣǰϻ۸߰ȴɵģ˵Һܲһ仰Сʱˣδؼѡ
Ҳֻܸ֪̾̾û⣬һЦ˵һЩĻͷҲŷ֣ҺȻҲ㷢СΪ˵ʱܼΩһ顣
ֻǺô뿪ܼҵģȴû˵ֻ˵ͻȻһҾͲܼˣʱδͻȻ޹һٺҲͽˡ
˳˵Щ˵Ĺµĸо˵ҲԼҲҾ˭Ȼүүҵүүôĸ
ȻЩʱ޷֪࣬һʱܿ˵ȥˡ
ҪʱʱҺ˳׼׼Ҫٳǰ˳óһͳǹݸһҷţ˵һʲôɱ飬ϵĶͽ
һһˣǹڿϣ˳Ӻųȥ˳Ѿ׼˳ں治Զţȥġסȥ
ʱ·ϼѾûʲôˣߵǺƫƧĽֵѹѾ˵ĽֵٽĽֵ˳˳˾ţҺ˳Сȥ
ᳵ·˶¥ΧžֻǵĽŲ¾˱ˣ·ɲǰԿ׿ţһƬڣûҿƣ˳Ѿǹϣһû֮ȥ󣬿Ĵһˣ˵Ҳ²ģΪֻܿһӰȻľ̫
Һ˳ŵľ̫Ӵվߵ濴˿ȷû˸˵ǰҰ³Ų
³ǽߣ˵Ѿʼȥ³Һ˳³ƹˣڵһȻʯͷײﾹȻһš
ľ̫˰ţ˵ҵСŵù𣿡
ҵͷ˵ŵù
ľ̫˵ȥţһֲԾͰŶϣҪκ˷֣
˳ͷ˵ȥСĵ㣡
Ȼľ̫ȥҽ󣬰һӣͨһ¥ȥģľ̫˵ȥطһ¥޷ģǹƳģʲôͣͣȻ˵һǳ֪ŵĴ𰸣


һһʮ 
һ˲䣬ҿľ̫ңҾȻⲻľ̫ĸоͻȻãȻһҲûаʱ̬ӡ
ȻֻҵĻɣҲ㲻ϣֻ˵Ǵû˵ʲôȥ
һʮڵĵط˵ֲָֻܿŽŲǰߣҸоţתͷ˵еͣСĿͷ
˵ȽȥҲҲ֪ԼһʲôĵطȻҿڰڳһĨ΢Ĺ⣬ľ̫ȼ˻񣬽ŵú͵ơŷطúڲȫӦһ䣬ӵȼªļҾߣһŴǽߣźڲҿȥִƺһˣһţЩ塣
ȴľ̫òҵĸоȻûվǰĲľ̫һʮŮˣ˵ȷľ̫
ľ̫Ҿȵı飬Ҳûнͣú͵ƷϣȻ˵ȰŹϡ
ҰİŹϣȻúڲںãһУȴľ̫Ѿϵ˸ŵıҿһϵͷǰƺʲôϤĳӣͻ廹м徹Ȼһģһ
ҿͷ˿ңȴûһ飬ľ̫ſڶ˵С룬㳤һģһˣ
˵ʵľ̫˵ҵϲΪݼѾȫˣȻ廹Ҫ£ƤקϣѾһǴССİ̺ۣȥֲ
ľ̫°ѱӸϣȻ£Ҳ˵ڶδľ׻ͱ˶ΪѾˣȴ֪һֱķʽǰĵط֮⣬˭Ҳ֪
Ҳľ̫ΪʲôҪ¸ңһתȴ˵ʵһֱڵ
ұľ̫仰Ͼ˵ˣġȥľ׵Ǹʱһûľ̫Ҳ˵֮һֱģô֪ˣִӺζ˵һֱڵң
ľֻ̫ЦЦҵȻأֻص˵಻ţʵһġ
Щľ̫仰ľ̫첻˵⣬ҿӴ°һľӣõϣҿѾ˺ܴһңľ̫ĨȥҳȻľӡ
Ҳ֪ľ﾿ʲôľ̫óһʯͷʯͷҿЩʯͷͱʯͷҲûʲô棬Щ⣬ľ̫ʯͷݸңҽˣһ˲䣬Ҿ͸еĲͬʯ
þǱһ˫ţϾ͸оǸϽŻصϣͬʱĵǸͼٴ˳ҿľ̫ĿؾۼϣĪ
ͼֽĹڡġͼݱľ̫˺ˣſʵͼľʲô
ľֻ̫ǿңȴûлشҵ⣬Ǹ˵ʯͷϿȣϿɽҰ鲼ʯͷ
ľ̫ңҲ֪˵˼Ȼ˵֪ͼܣֻȥ֪ǣȥȴû˳
Щŵؿһһ˵ﱻΪ֮ţֻҪȥˣ֮ͻϿⷢʬ壬û⡣
ȻûôΪʲôҪȥ
˵ʵһֱȥ￴ǽƾһȴ޷ȥԲŻҵ㣬Ϊԣ
Ҳ֪ľ̫Ҫ˵ľʲô˼ľ̫ԥ˵ϿֻļĶ̶̼¿ԽȥʱɽĴѩеĽڣѾ˻ѩʱļǾֻе꣬ڵΣÿһͻ벻ı仯
ǵֱľ̫ôȥϿȾΪʲô
ľ̫ĬƺԥȻҿϵ˶˶ȴûֱڴ䶯ţ͵һûйͷ
ľ̫˴˵춯վߵߣϵ۾ֱ㶵ؿң﷢๾ࡱȴ˵һ֣Ȼ˵ʲôҿȴ͸Ų
ľ̫ƺö˵ʲôֻԡġ˵𼱣һ˵Щ
Ȼϵ˾Ͱˣľ̫һۣġǺãԣʱ˵ʮǰжҲˣ㿴ģʱ𾪣֪ΪʲôȣΪҵȷӦǰֵǸӣʵǣҾӡ
Ƴһ۴ϣġҿԲ²⵽һεȷӳˣǵڶκܿʲôʣģң档
Ҷݵʧһӣľ̫Ѿ¿˵֪֪󶼻ӣ˭ҲӲ
ľ̫˵ţͻȻϷҵ춯ľ̫ȻסڣȻҿӿٵشú͵ƣú͵ƴعһƬڰľ̫С˵Ǹˣ
˵ľ̫ѾֻƾŸоʱߺ͡ġ˵ʲôȻ뿪ºϣȴûдȥǴһ˹ȥ
ںڰиҸо߹˼ţֱ谵ĹŷʲôʱѾߵ˲֪СԺľ̫վСԺǰ˵ȥϿȵ㿼£Ҵ𸴣һ취ҵ㡣ˣⷢҪ⣬ĺжҪκˣǸѣ
˵Ժ濴˿ȷû֮ҳȥҲûٶ˵߳ȥ̺ԺšֱˣŷѾһС棬Щ巽򣬵֪ﲻǾ֮أһͷȳȥ
ҷվʱֵϣҳͷ˿ֵʲôûУĳҲˣƣͻȻƺںңСĶү
һعͷȴˣɻתͷʱֺ˳СĶүߣ
ٴλعͷȥڷӵӰ¿һˣҹʼ̫Ҹ˭ҾذǹӿγϣȻٴκСĶүߣ
ʵҲԶʮ׵ӣһ߹ȥٽʱҵָѾ˰ϣʱӰһ߶СС̫үСĶүˣ
ŷӦ˾ȻҿӷӺܳһˣ˳ǹһˣʵľ̫أ
ҡҡͷʾⲻ֪Ҳʣ˵ǸϽ뿪ȻǾ˳ӰСĵܣ±˷֡
ͣڲԶĵط˳˾һţǷɿ뿪ֱʱҲ˳ոճʲôˣܴĶ


һٶʮ 
˳˵ʵҲûʲôˣС̽³ԭλȻʹӴ˳ȥֻ֪˽˷ľʲô֪ˡ
Щô֪ǰҹһжûȷ˵ֻǸɺҲ˵һ
ǻصܼլʱѾൽ賿㣬˳ͻصСԺ֮󣬶˼ͻȥˡ߽ڴȴһ˯ҲûУԺﾡľ̸̫ݺ͡ġӣ˼ֻһķ꣬ɴֱǾʱֻڴһӰѸʧʧҹɫ
Ҿ̴ӴߵϸϸȥĶ氲쳣˵ӣҰ˳ҵǹϣش򿪷š
ҲŽŴһ죬ͻȻһֻ־˽ҷӦֻǯסһֻţȴѾ˳ƿ˷ţ˾һһ˽
Ҹкȴ͵סͣͬʱһϤСģ𺰣ң
ϵʯͷûϲسʯͷ㣿
ʯͷءšһȻѸٵذźϣſңҾҪȥƣʯͷȴֹ˵𿪵ƣŵ㡣
ʱҲſʯͷűϣƺЩվȣﾪ˾Сʵʯͷˣ
ʯͷֻ˵˵ˣǺڵϹҿ˵Ҫҿƣ޲ߣȷ£ҵڴʱȴٴγֹ˿ʬ㲻ҪңᴫȾ㣡
ʯͷŴϣҲ֪ȻҿվֱԼߵԵ£ԱҲʵʯͷ⾿ô£
ʵҷǳ֪Ƥͷ֮󾿾ʲô£ʯͷ϶޷¡
ʯͷ˵ĺܼ򵥣Ҳ֪ʲô£˵ʱľϿȱϣϻ˲˿ڡ˵ǵõĻ棬ȥľͶûмˡ
ҾʯͷԵ޹ʵľϿȱϣľϿȾǷĵط֪жԶԽԽΣԽ龰ʶҺͷӶйľǻԺ˰͵˰ȫĵطѵʯͷҲǣ
ҲϾȥЩʯͷôϵô죬Ҫȥ˳
ʯͷֹ˵Ǳģܼҵ˶֪Ҳܼҵ֪
Щֵؿʯͷ˳˵ģʯͷܼӦһ˳̫үΣȴܼ֪٣Ϊʲô
ʯͷûнΪʲôǽŵݸһҽˣȴһʯͷ˵ʱϵģʯͷ϶ܲѰ֮ҲһֱϣʯͷĵһӦȻľ̫ݸʯͷʱĸоһģǷʯ
ʯͷҲͷ˵Ƿʯע⵽Ҿȹȵı飬Ұľ̫ļ˵ʯͷͦȻľͷҲҪκˣ֪ʯͷֵΣ˿û
ʯͷˣһңСģôô
һûþòȥûлشʯͷʯͷѾ֪ôˣת⣬ңԺ̫үŵĻôˣ
ǰ̫үߵʯͷ˵һ飬ʯͷûʲôı飬ֻ˵һ䣺֣
Ϊʲô֣ûлش𣬶̫үᵽȥˣ
ҡҡͷʾⲻ֪Ҳ֪ʯͷΪʲôԺŵĻģʯͷ˵̫үЩݴǴľֲģ̫ү˵֪ʯͷ˵ЩݣǿԽʬġ
֪ʯͷΪʲôǱ뵽ܼլԭҪҽʬĻݣһЩѾ̫үȫˡ
ѾߣʯͷҲţֻ˵ܼլҶϤӦҵСģҲľ̫ĽԿǿǣϿȵȷܹ죬Һľƺǧ˿ƵϵҲǸͻƿҲ˵һ
óʯͷȰҽľ̫Ľ飬û˵վ֪ҪȥҽʬĻݣҲһȥȴ˵ʹпһ㣬һкҪҪ˵ܼլʲôѰľûУ
լ￴ʬڵĻ޴ȥ˵ʯͷôǰѰʬڵºʯͷһһ˵ˣʯͷȴֻǵͷȻ˵㿴Щ˵Ĵլ޷˵ܣ֪ˣˣ
ʯͷĻ֪ʬΪʲôܼլȻʯͷžߣ˵ҪȥϿȣҲȥ
˵Ϳ߳ӣһعʱѾֻʣһˣʯͷҵķʯϣҵΪոʯͷĵֻҵĻþѡ
֮Ҹûһ˯⣬˵ʵʯͷһܿ׵ˣ˵¶ǾǿԥһȥϿٴηô죿
ľ̫˼Ҳǲ˵ҿԴȥϿǸϿû˵ΪҵʧٴηľıʣҵǲԭԼģ
շתţҲԺ˯˹ȥ˳Ҳ˹ŵʱҼһ񲻶ӣûʳڣѾʵСĶүûʲôɣ
ҿѵʯͷôǾ֪ˣҿ˳ֲ֪ҡҡͷ˵һ˯úûʲô춯ʲôˣ
˳û£ſһ߽˵ʲôȴ͵ؿϵķʯȻ˵ʲô
ﰵһ⡱ո˯ѣȻ˰ⶫ˳Ѿһģܿͷ
ԼҪ¶ʲôţǺ򶨵˵ľ̫ҵģҲϵⶫ
ľ̫ģ˳ʯͷַŻصϣͬʱҡҡͷʾԼ֪Ϊ׷ⶫԴȴûУ˳ܼҷ¸ҡ
˵̫үСԺ̫үϲҶ͵ˣ̫үһʹܼҼը˹̫үص˳ʲôûС
֪ʯͷɵģҶҲ̫үڻ衣
װȵ飬˳ҵûУ˳ҡҡͷȻҪߣ˵̫үڴȵȶڱѵֻǵһڻҪȥػء
ǰҿһҴͷİ񣬵ҲֻǴҴһƳ뿪ҾͻȻЩŹ֣Ҳûʡ


һٶʮһ ľ̫
ٳСԺʱ˳ͻȻҵܼҵǻŪ㣬㲻ỳϰɣ
˵ͻȻͷһЦ˵ŶҶˣѾǵЩˣ
˵ʹҴȥܾ˳ЩŹ֣ǻصߵͷİ棬뿴ո˳ڿʲôҾȻ̫үʧҶݾͷԸո˳վĽǶȣÿԿ
龰ҵԴһʱЩתĪ˯֮ʯͷҶݷҷʯͷΪʲôô˳Ϊʲôȴң´ݾ߻ǹװûп
һʱҲ֪Ǻã˳ȥʵ̫үƺҲϴ壬軨ܷҰӰ̧֮ȴڻѹһֽҷ»裬ֽֽϵּңֻдš뿪ܼң
ǳˣֽ㶵ط˺һֱСԺűƿѸٷӦֽһŴæѰҶݷŻذ档
ǰԼԵµӣȻ˳ٴ溰СĶү𣿡
ľҲ֪ץ˻Ǹʲô֮ѾĴ㣬򾲵ػش𣺡ڣ
˳ƿıƽվǿЦݣôˣ
˳ңƺԵЩӣȻ˵үүҪ㣬ڴõء
һĪ˳ҷ俴Ҷݵº̫ү˵ˣٴҪȥʣ
ҿ˳ֲΪӽ֮ûһۣɫ͸ոҲԲһЩ⣬̽ʣôˣ
˳һƽӣȴ˺ϲһ˵ǣ˵լˣƺҪӣүүаְȫڴүүصҺҲȥ
ǳײˣ˳ڲո£˵ҲһˣҾΣѵ˵ˣҪƭҹȥ
ҾֿԺܵͣһֲ²ԺԽԽռǰ˲һոǸ˳Ǽðģ
ΪӦ֤ҵĲ²⣬ٴ̽ʣʲôôҪҪԹ㿴˭û
˳һǷع˵ʽ˵һΪԶ˯һһͱҲ֪үүƢĶҰƤ㺦ģף㲻˯ôôˣ
һȵؿңҰ˵ȻոҲͱƭˣ˭ٰ˳Ҹ̫үʧԵʲôĿģ˭ͻȻ뵽һֿԣĪ֪ʯͷ£˳̽ҵĿڷ磿
һҪϸ룬˳ͻȻҾߣ߱˵ɵˣһ㲻үүҿµýǷǼɽȲģ
ұ˳ųȥٳʱһ۰棬Ƴ۾ʱȴ͵طִӲ֪ʲôʱˣ͵һҼǵû˯֮󣬵ȷ˽
ȴ˲϶ͺ˳СԺ˳·ϸ˵ǵܼôһҪ˵Ůĺᣬǿȥλȴ˿Ҳͣүү˵ͿģְǻҶһ䣬ڴš
Ҳ⾿һʲôȻܵõܼ𾴡˳ܼһ͵ĴãŵſҾͿܼҵĸߣ̫֮үһŮӣǿʱȴһⲻľ̫𣿣
ľ̫ԶԶңҵͷһЦ˳ҽȥҽʱĿȫۼϣұòڣ˳ҶС˵СĶүܼҵһضЩɶý
˳Ļһҭʱ̫үѾ˵СģҸܣľݣᣬҿһģҪ水ֺúһľ̡̫
ľֻ̫̣ƺñŤһϰ߳ƺľ̫ľ̫̫үĽܵʱͻȻЦ˵ɰҺ˶ȥС⣬μ棬㺰ľͿˡ
ЦӯӯؿңװһҲʶҵӣԥžúʲô̫үѾլĻƸҰ˵ľΣͷϣȥ
ʱĿ־ۼϣҾøӲˣһˣҵڴﻷһ飬˳֮⣬ûʶˣ˳վҼüŪۣҲתľ̫
ʱ̫үŰľ̫˵˳˵ľ̫׼һֵȱµˣܼҼ̫үѡѡ
ܼܣµصĺֶܼңľ̫ܼҼҲ޿ɺǵģǺ̸ȴΪԭ˵ҸҿǿǣֻҪ̫үĿǿҪȥɼȥϿȵԸǶôǿҡ
̫ү˵һǿеڳĶǱѡѡľ̫
̫үһڣöʱѻȸľ̫ӯӯһЦĿͶҵϣȴƫͷָ˳˵һ𣿡
̫үٴظܼ㲻ÿ
̫ү⻰ڶԼ˵һ㣬һƤ񣬿תһ룬ľ̫һγֲ̫үĪǡ
Ҳȥֻһܲ˼£һعʱľ̫ѾˣؿҵСĶүǲԸ𣿡
֪ľ̫ңʯͷ˵ĻǿڻشֻҪľ㿴ϣĸҲӣ
ľ̫һЦתͷ̫ү˵⼸ˡ
Ȼ̫үһ£˾뿪˴ãʣǼһˣľ̫˵µػܶΣգ˳üȻǺϵβͬ·һбҵĵǲ׼жһչ죡
Ҳ֪˵Ĺʲôľ̫˵⻰ʱģû̫ү򲹳Ϊ˷Ҳӣ˳Сӣ·ܺǣһжľ̫˵ΥͰذ죡
̫үǰ˳ǾԵһڴӦ̫үȥ׼׼ֻҺ˳̫ү˵СģԸȥñҲԡ
һشҿȥ
Ҳûж˵Ҷ֪˳֪٣Ҳ֪ҲȥЩҲľ̫û˵ȥʮ֮˾ſ϶Ͽȡ
ֻҲ֪֪֪ʯͷҲܼҵ£ʯͷ˵ȥϿȵĻҲȥֻҪԺݻ֮У


һٶʮ ҪϢ
ֱǵĶ鿪ʼҶûпʯͷܼҴҴһ֮ҲûгֹҲ֪ϵʬûСһҶݾҵķֱҲû̫ү
Ҳ֪ľ̫Ǵһ֧飬ܼҵˣʮˣһ·Ͽȶȥ·϶ûе
ʼնһϣ˳ҶʶҲܼͷֻ˳Ҫ˺ܶݣЩǴŵԼҲŪȻҲŪˬ֮Ĺϵ֮˳ô˵ġ
ҲһɫغСĶүȴû˳ζͻȻáСĶүĸִͷһصĳƺֻ̫үأҲҵĹϵҲû롣
֮˵ңΪ·Ǽ˵ǹģȫ˳㣬˽Ҳʹ˳ֻ˵ܼҹϣңҿǰͷ˭Ҳš
˳ĽͣҲٶ˵һ·Ͼȥˣһ·ľ̫ҲûΣרͷԷϢҲͬһ֪⣬Ǹܹˣνֲ֣ҲҲˡ
ٵຣڵʱǺҵĳȥȥ֪ΪʲôҪһڳҳԷϢҲڳϣΪĳϿʯͷʯͷȴسһЦȫƽʱǰ飬һƤĺӡ
ľ̫ѾȽ͵СĶүɣʯͷ⣬ֻҲˣܼҵ֪Щ󷽱㡣
Ҳ֪Ǽɵʲôʯͷֻ˵ͺһкҪҪͬ˵
ľ̫Ų˸ݵλϣʯͷ棬ľ̫ȥ˳˵һ£˳̫үķԸҲᷴԡ
ȳʼ·ˣʯͷſ˵Сģҵ㡣
ʯͷ򵥵һ仰ҶʱȵҲ֪λشֻĿתؿȴʲôͷҲûУʯͷҵľȣ˵һƬհף˳¼ǣ۶ү㼸һڵˡ
΢΢ԼıһЩô˵
ʯͷ˵Ҳ˵޷֤ʵôһˣĵ¼ȫһġģõ֤ҲáġݸŪġ
֪һҳһģһġġȴû뵽еݾȻǽģҲƷ
ʯͷŸң˵֪˵µķģڱǰҶһġЩ֪ˣֻĴ塣
ʮֲ˼Ϣʯͷȴͷ˵ʵ˽һĵ飬ںδûбĴ塣˵ˣʯͷ˼˵Ҵһصصĺˣ޻޵Ա
Ҳ֪⣬ҵȷʯͷ˵Сûѧүүʶ飬֮һֱڳ¼ǣٳȥôҾȻǵһ˼Լ˭ҾȻڱ˵ĵ²ŵ֪ԼȻ޷׷Դ
һô˼£ʶһʼһգֻһֱڹѡ
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Ҳ֪ľ̫˵ܲ鵽ϢǴģΪλ˴ƫҼǵľҵүүҵģ˵е飬һҪǵԼ֣ڻүүĻѾʾ˵Ωһ֤ԼĶ
ľ̫Ȼ˵Ϣ֣ܹ׼ȷ˵ҵ䣬̫үѾҵԲžõϢ⡣Ұ֮ǰȻ˿鲻ô£ҼǵԼ˵ǱүүӰɫģҼǵүүҲǰɫˡ
ľ̫˵ɫǱ߸ûκιҺүүϢ޴ȥ飬Ұ֮ҲǴͳɳ̽ģȴ޷νӵĴҲơ
Ȼľ̫ŸңȥϿȣһǲ鿴ľ׵ϵһ룬ȥ̽Ѱҵ֮գңڡġѵʱңֻ˵Ͽйأľû˵ҲΪʲôľ̫һֱȥյԭ
Ҳڲŵ֪Դӡġľ̫˵ҵ£ľ̫һֱѰҵĴڣĻ˵ʮʱ䶼ϣһûгѾ֪ҵĴڡ
ֻ췽ҹ̷һ㣬Щȴʵʵڵ滰ôϿ־ʲôϵ﾿ʲô
Ҳɻؿ˿Լģġıʼ˵ͼһѪͳؼǵãʯͷֱҲͼһֱ֪ġ汻˺Ļ˵ںֵΩһؾʲô
Ҷ˶ľ̫⣬ľ̫㶣Ȼ˵ǲ˺ģС˺ģҲûпһۣЩҲ֪
ġѾǸӣν˺ģԼдģΪʲôҪ˺ʲôǾ²ⲻԣֻǱʲôԭ
ʱҲȻһ⣬ľ̫ոյ˵ǣԺ͡ġһģΪʲô᣿
ұ˼ʱѾ˳ȥҿľ̫ҵ֮ͻȻɫ䣬ᵽʲôһʯͷûʲô飬ҲȻ֪Լһçײ˲ʵ⡣
ľ̫û˵ȴʯͷԲֻʯͷ˵Լӵɻ֪Լ˭һ򵥣ԼҲ֪
Ҳ֪ʯͷܵĻʵֻľ̫ʧ˺һŻع۾ȴɳͣû뵽çײһ仰Щڣȴ˵Ҳ֪һЩ飬ֻһֱԸŶѣϾʵ̫ڹ졣
Ҳ֪ľ̫йʲôľԲڡġļţҲԽԽľ̫ҲһֵˣһԤУϵ˿ҲԺͼᲢۡ
ʮĸ˶еһˡ
ȻһֻҵĲ²⣬ǲǣдһĲ֤Ҳʱľ̫ͻȻ˵һ䣺㿴ġıʼǣҾʮĸвеһǵ˵ȥеһ


һٶʮ ͷӬ
Ҳ˵ľ̫ȥųǵ·ϳ⣬ľ̫Ļ䣬˵ҵͨɽʯʯ֪һ𴳽ȥǸľ̫˵һԱȽȥ谵գҳʪú
ȴûҺһڵµǷ˴Ůʬľ̫˵ǵһμֶŮʬ֮ʯǽճŵҲЩ澹ȻʬӣĿˣһѸ޷ŮʬʬӵĺϮ֮£˹ȥ
˵ʱǷʯΣգ¾Ͷס˶ڣûоԮԡġıʼ˵ԱмѾ˺ˣҲ֪Ա
ǼȻѾˣôڵ㡭Ҿεľ̫ûҴ˺һֱ֮ǰò֮һ˱飬Ȼָȥ֮
Ϊֹһ޷ֱľ̫ʱǼֻ֮˹֮ľϸڣľ̫ȴҲ˵ˣֻң£ʱ䡣
ҲĻҿ˵ʱֵʱʯͷ۾ͻȻľ̫ﾹȻҴδã
ǵ̸Ȼֹһ·϶һĳšΪ˲˻ɣľ̫¸ϢʱһصܼҶĳʱʯͷң˵ܼסҵ˳ܸһЩҲ˵һ
ʵ˳Ѿ࣬˵ÿһ£ҿһŵ֤ݣңҲ׷Լݡ
صܼҶĳʱҰЩȫװµӣһȥ˳һ۾Ϳҵ˵һҵͿأľ̫˵ʲô㽹ġ
ֻ˵û£˳Ҳʣڳ·ʱҲſ˳Сʱ£˳СʱƺرȤʲôʱܼҵģȴͷ˵治֪
˵Ҳ̫үԺҵģʱİͬܺ棬һҾס̫үԺʱ򣬾͸Ӻˣ˵ʱֻҺ̫үȴûпүүҲڡ
̫үƺˣҾ̫үܼңʱүүڵģ˳˵ǵر̣ڴǻҾһһ˭˵ģ̫үЦ˵СĶүӿɴأ
Ҳ̫үһ仰ҾͳܼһСĶүǰȴ˿ûģΪүүԵʣɾǲǣֻ̫үԼ֪
˳ô˵ҸɻҲ˵֮ǰѾסܼңҲ˵ֻ̫ү֪Ҿʲôʱסġ˳ĻܾʲôطԾǾҾ˵֮һֵֺĸоͷڣĪķܾ꣬𰸺֮ǧɽˮôѰҲѰ
СĶүСʱɹ֣ȥɰǺʯͷȴõһ𣬴Ҷ֪ʯͷܼǳĹ죬˭ڲһСĶүƫƫܺһͻȻ˵ȴܼͬеһˡ
⻰һ˳ҲǾȵסˣӣǲ֪⵵µģʣʲôʱ£ҼǵûСĶүʯͷһš
ҲǺ棬ҲǶҲǰֵܼܵˣֻ˵˳磬ʯͷܼҵˣʱ򻹲֪СĶүأ¶ֻ˵ɱ˵̫үǶȥͺˣ
ʯͷܼҵǻǶǰ飬ʯͷ꣬ǻҲ꣬˵ľȻ˳˵ǰ£Ҳ˵˳ҵʱѾܼס꣬
˳£ȻҲˣ˵ӣ￴СĶүʯͷģȥ˵
Ǹֱӣûʲô䣬˵©챻˳׷֧˳òͣ˵㲻˵Ҿ·ùذ㣬˵ˣǸͳͳܣȥүүҲ֪
ԥһڿڣ˼ɣֻ˵˳磬Ҫ˵㻰̫үصظһһ䶣ģҲҪκܺҡ
˳ش˵Ƕֵܣ˵ҺСĶүм㻹Ļ˵үүǶȥ˵ж˵ҲҪܣҪ֪ˣһĲ
ӵ˱֤˵ǻҵ˼ȥ̫үǡҲȥȥ̫үԺ̫үڣҪ뿪ȴСĶүʯͷԺӲԶˣʱҵ֪ܼʯͷСĶүӣѵСôܵˣǱѵ⣬Ҳûػһˡ
ҵԺܣҵĹԹԣǸˣԺʲôطǽأҵ׷Խȥ̫ܵүѵ⣬Ǿ̫үԺſšһֻ̫үǣӳЦӯӯģһ𱸵ҲûУҵ֣̫үָŴһǸ˵ǴĹһǺӣʯͷָСһ˵СĶүȴûоݵľ
̫үܼʲôݣҵȻҶʣֻһһˣ̫үŶҺҵǶؿƿҪ˵ȥһġҾûʯͷСĶүʯͷܼҵ½ͳ˲ܵܣҶ֪ܼһ˴ڣСĶү˳˵Ǹʱ̫үŸ֪ܼµģ֪Ҳôࡣ
˵꣬ЩҺʯͷȻҲǷСȴһҲǵãѹڰɫһμʱȻңԭʶң
ֻһ̫ˣѲҰ֮ǰסܼҲɣҺΪʲôǵЩˣΪʲô֪˶ؿƿػʲôһ
˳ⷬҲǾúܲ˼飬ҿһ˵һұɱĻСĶүòүү˽Ӱɣ
һûӿڣ˳Ѿ˵Ļ㲻ˡ
û˳˲ģ˭˭ù˳Ҳɿ˵СĶүôԽԽôأҪǣܼҹúúõģҪȥ¼ƣһ͵ȵģⲻԼ𣿡
˳仰Ҳ˵ĿϣʵҲ֪ΪʲôҷԺҲҲϵֻŴⷢ룬¶ԽԽ˰
ڱģȴһҲûⳡ籩Ѿ׽Ҿδ֪ķǰ


һٶʮ ǧ˿
֮ʱȥЩ£ҾҵԴѾ׵һˡǳֱϿȶȥ·û˿ͣ
ֻʱͣһδɹõĶˣľ̫˵ڻδ죬·ѩѾһЩɽʱ򣬵Ҳֻǽȥ·ѣɽϵѩǾ겻ġ
ȻһرʱǾĵһ꣬ľ̫˵ɽϰɽ壬ֻһĿĵأǴ֮ţҪȥľɽ壬ľ̫ɽľλõʱľ̫ȴ˵Ҳ֪
ʱŸңΪʲôҪʱ𼱻ǵĸΪǱĵһ֮ǰ֮ţΪĵһĿĵصڣԭľ̫ûٶ˵
ҪĶܶӣҿ˴ѩɽıƷҷһص㣬ľ̫ѡеĶ·ʱ򣬶Ҫ·ϲκεĽһͺѾϵ·ȵȫǶõģʲôĶɵģжҲһĺۼ
ʯͷ˵Ҫȥ֮ţϾͲκεĽֻһͷ룬֧ȫûЩ˼飬ⷽľ̫ʯͷҪҶö࣬һԼĵ
ֻһ첻ʱٴδҴ·óľ̫ʮֽĻ˵Ǹûжʱ䵢飬Ϊ˭Ҳ֪ĵһʲôʱҷ˷ֻʮˡ
һ·ҪϿȣ֮ţұⳡ֮ǰ֮ţⳡ꣬ǾҪһ졣ĵһľʲôָʾȴ봺Ҳ꣬Ϊʲôĵһ˲ͬ
ʯͷң˵Ϊе֮ŵĴڣĵһǶɽĵһ꣬һ޴޷Ŀ籩꣬ʱĵ֮ŽΣյʱǱҵһ֮һꡣ
˵ĵһһ쵽ĵ£еһ죬ǲĹɡЩҲ֪ģֻǺ棬һطȻҵйأһһҴ֪ĵط
ΪʱȵԵʣǼûκͣͳϿȳϿ˼ٽʱѾԿƶ˵ѩɽװһƬǧظԭһ壬Ǳߡ
ٽȥʱľ̫صضҪעľеһֳӣӰӳ棬˵ֳӶԷǳңֻҪĵطƤỵ˵ֳǧҪʮҵĶҺմƤϣôͰҲˡ
ǽľ̫Ķһһϣʯͷȴ˵Сģ㲻õģֳ㣬ϵġ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôʯͷҲûҪ͵˼ֻζ˵һ䣺Сģ֪ġ
ϿȵشԭľûУһ·Ǿ޴ʯɽ´֮䣬һۿȥɽ´ɫĲݣʱСȸߵĹľȴࡣ
ɽ´֮󣬾Ǻܿɽ֮ĺ֪ѩɽѩˮ֮ģ֮һţǿ֮һֱ߽ȥľ̫˵֮Ѿ˿㣬߲Ѿǵ֮ŵķ롣
űϣľ̫¼һϴŵĶнһеĶѾȫǻ˿ҴشͷβѰһ飬ȷ֮Žȥ
ȥ֮ҵĵһоʯͷǳ࣬ҿȥѾȻγɵĵزҪǽȥ֮Ѿû·ˣʱ򲻵òߣ¾ɵԨ
Ǽǻһʱ䶼һƬɽ´һ·ϳʯͷʯͷЩᣬϢʱ˶Ѿˣڱɽʯѹɳԡ
ľ̫ʯͷʱû¶棬Ҳڣ֪ȥǴɽƺȥˣʱҿľ̫һ֪Ϊʲô£Ҵҳ˵㶫ͻȥˡ
ʯͷ֮ԱߣǸȥˣ˵ȥ˿Σûȥʯͷȴһ⣬˵Сģ﷢Լ˼࣬ô죿
Ҿϡͻһʵʲôࣿ
ʯͷſ׵鿴ң˵ҾþЩ£ҲѾʶĲѰСģ֪֪Դ֮еѾǵƿ֮Уڼӿ죡
ʲôڼӿ죿Ҿʯͷ֪һЩֻ࣬˵ұ׷ȥ
㣡ʯͷֻ˵һ֣ȴҶʱסˡ
Ȼʯͷݸһ˵Ҳ֪ⶫ
˵ԼҴԭأȴʯͷҵһöֻöʯͷɵģҿ壬ҲǴ׭еģͻҵöһģһ
ֻöʯͷɵ滹һͼʱҲ֪ʯͷΪʲôҪңͼĵһģһ
ͻȻһԭأöڽҵʱ˵ܴĶ˵һѵһһػصҶߣȴľʯ֮ǰĸ֣ٶ
˵öӽ֮ͺҵΪһ壬ڣǰһֱֻΪѵͻôҪԣֱʱҲ֪ǣ˵ģڣ
ҲֱʱҲ֪öĵͼͬԢ⣬޷Īöʱľ̫ѾеĶһ뱣ƷģҲľ̫ǷҲ֪ö֮
ʯ㶣˳֪ʲôʱѾԣҲѾϵⶫ˸ϸϸһعңʲôأ˭ĶҺü㶼ûӦã
Ұһ۲ָɫңⶫʲôô죬
ʡ
˳ͷСʱүүͼһ
̫үҲУһŻĻ˵һ֧Уξʮ⣬Ҳֻһö˵Уξȥˣ˳һҲ˵Ҳȥ
˳ȴ˵ʱһүүⱳͼʲôôŹֵֹģүүôشҵģ
Ҹոȥٴ˳ҲͼҲ˵ľ
˿ĭʵ̫ү˵ʲô
˳룬Ȼһ˵Ҳǵˣ
ҾĸоⶼʲôʱˣпտЦҺңʲô
˳Ҳţٴ˵治ǵˣʱôСүү˵ôӣ㵱Һһͯ𣿡
Ҳÿɷ񣬸ո̫ڽû뵽һ㣬˵ʲô˳ȴͻȻ˵Һǵүүһֱ˵ʲôҷǿʣҪӡ
˳֪ʣ֪̫ү˵


һٶʮ ΣձԵ
Ҳ˵ĵͼйأǾкιϵȴȻֹ
ȻζỤ̄ʱӺܼҵļ߹غ˳˵˳磬
ҿǼɫЩأŪأ˳ˣֵʵôˣٴƵģ
ȴ˵ֻ˵˳磬֪ˡ
˵ʯѺߣҺ˳ȥֻתǽݵأʯɽһЩӾֱߵǰһʯͷ֮ǰָǰ˵
Һ˳ǰȥǰ龰ȴҲһֻǰʯͷмһˣ泯ţ۾˲ĵزſţƺʲôµ£˫ֱƣӹӣһӾȻǶʯͷģǴʯͷһ
ҶؿʯͷĽӴΪǱʯͷѹסˣôܻʯͷǵϸ۲֮ȴǴʯͷģʯͷҲ˿ûѵĺۼ
ҾԽϿ֮ҿĵһ£˳ʯͷȻʶӣǴ𣿡
֮ͻȻţȻ˵ҶˣнƷûд
֪˳ҴʲôİʯͷÿȻûдӣΪ˱ûǹ֧ըҩ
˳˵ѣȻ¿ڴһֽ֮˳ֽ򿪣ȴһֻĵͼҲ֮ܳΪͼΪͼ򵥵ػ˼ߣҪ˲ݲݵıǡ
ǳϿȣﶼϤȻĻʲôطڵͼ棬дһ֡³ߣ̫ɽ֮
ѵʾͼƵʱ䣬㣬µףû£³ߣѵһĲɣҿֲʬԿȥ˻ûһʱ䡣
ʱͻȻľ̫ʣʲô
һعͷſľ̫ʯͷѾҲѾǶʯͷʬ壬ҿľɫͻȻһ䣬ǵʲôʱʬģ
Һ˳ĿѸתһˣ˵ڸոգСʱ
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ľ̫ۼ⣬Ѿ˳ĵͼʣǴҵģ
˵ľ̫Ѿߵ˳ǰҺԥùֽʱȴѾס͡
ȻҿﾪĿǿǶʯͷʬ壬ֿңͣϣûƶֺһͷˮ
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ʯͷѵʯһϸ˿˵ⲻһʯͷѾմˮ
Ҳ֪ʯͷ˵ʲô˼ûнͣǽʯͷڴȻϸһʬ壬ͷ˵ţ
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Ǹոϣٴʯͷվߵ⿴˿Ҳ֪ڿʲȴоѰʲô
Ȳ˵ʯͷľ̫ڻعûǵͬͰѵͼҾƺʲôȥĵͼ
ľ̫ȴش˵Ҳû
֪ѣΪҷͼʱȵ飬ſ־塣Ҳ֪ҪʲôңǰʬʲôʱֵģڰСʱǰȥĻôӦǺͬʱɽģһ·ȴδκˡ
ͻȻʶһ㣬ͼֵʱһԼһʲôʲôԼ³̫ɽ֮󣬶ĵͼҪȥ·ߣעصطҪȥĿĵأ
뵽ٴһʬ壬ͼҵʲôҿԿ϶ôӦɽ·֮һôͼϵ·߱עҴ¿ԲµҲǴ߽ģľ̫˵һ㣬ԣĵͼעˣ֮һעں棬·߾ƣȻʬ屻ֵҡ
뵽ͻȻվŵط϶쳣Σգֻһ־Եĵص㣬Ǿһ
뵽һͷһʯͷȴʯͷоŵɢʯͷŷֻʯͷȴûиո۲ݣҼǵפĵطӲ
뵽ڵµȴɺԵɽ´ϣ漸ִͺܳʪҾˮݹһ;úɽܲһ
ľ̫ҵٶͻȻֹСģڣ
һҸе˵Ŀʱҵϣͣס̧ͷľ̫ľ̫ûнͣȴ˵ִó
δ䣬ͻȻоֱʲô£ҶʱеһʹϽ̧ȴָճĴָһӣҶʱһʬӣ
ﾹȻʬӣ֪ʬӺͽߵȶ˵ķʽһޣ˵ʱѾѲ棬Ͼͻ˳Ѫ
ҸϽ˦֣˦ʱ͵һʹҵֶʱʧȥ֪˿ʹҿǸʺͼѾ˳ҿʬͻȻһ鴤ָ䡣
ڵϱ㲻ˣһɿڣѪ̾ʹӱҧ˿ڵϡѾûκεֻֽ֪󣬶۾ĵͼĿת
ȷӦ˳ŶӾ;غСĶүѪɱ㿴ЩȫѪˣ
ҵͷһڿʬðͷ֮޷󣬵һ֮Ϳʼҵس鴤ҵѪȥ
Ҳô£˳սҶңĵͼôҼһģһ
Ҳ֪λش˳ʱʯͷĻشÿһ˵Ķվʬӵϳϣ


һٶʮ ͷʬ
˻֪ʬʲôҼҲһΪ⻰ʯͷ˵㲻ֲĶҲôֲֿصζ
ΪܼЩ˵ʯͷֲԴȻĿǰΪֹһ֪Ϊʲô
ľ̫ڣǿ˳ȥͿ졭
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ҪߣȴѾˣʬϣеϣҿΧʯͷ³ȥһֻֻʬͷðͷ
ߣľ̫һ
ľ̫ҶϾͱңԶĸΪһ˲䣬ҵĽͻȻ͵һҵӾͷ
ֻеҵʯӻ棬ݽһȴûãҴ֮оʬӡ
ƽȵĵϣȻȫϣ̧ͷһͷһƿһĶڣΪѾڵĹϵԵԼԼģѾʲô޷ȫһƬ
ڰȴˡ⣬֪ȫʬӡ
վôû˵һЩ˶ѣֻⶴôߣȥˡ
ţͻȻһѾ˽ֻڶڴŲţ¾ߣʯͷңû°ɣ
һش˵û£
ȻҲʬӵֿ˿ڣ˵˳Ѿȥӡ
û˵꣬ͻȻֻͷĶھȻڱպϣΩһĹҲڹرգʯͷȻҲǿ龰Ŵס˵ĻȻһЩʯͷˮˣ
Ҳ֪ʯͷ˵ʲô˼Ȼʯͷ棬˵Ƭɽ´һºӣﲻֵ󡣡
ҿЩŵֻʯͷȻ˵ôͲһһطʵʲôطôĪسһʯ
ʯͷֱǽÿһ£ЩǵʬӾ˺һ㣬֮ǰ龰һЩʬӺʯͷҲҡ
ʬӵʯͷңֺЩûУ
Ŷ˶ֲ֪ʲôʱѾָ֪ˣ˵û£ͬʱʯͷѾһ񣬽Ż΢Ĺ⣬ֻǰһƬ뵣һƬһϸ˿ŷȫʬӣ֮Ѿȫҵ
ɸҾȵȴʬӣǽϵĶֻʯǽҸոտǾʬӣǵһǶʯͷ棬ϴʯͷĲͬڣЩʬͷ­ˣҿ˿ϣҲûС
ʯͷȻҲ㣬һվٴεȼһҼһʯҵĻѣŽѵȼãѻá
һʯʱ࣬ʱҲſʯȥɢʯһЩӦǰЩ˵ġ
ʯͷ淭˷ûҵʲôмֵģֻա
ҴʯǶŵʬ˵ҲϰپߣʯͷǷʲôߵʬǰʬڿ˵Сģ㿴ǵ֡
ϸЩʬ֮ͻȻЩ˼飬ոʯͷ˵һºӣ˵ʪʬӦúܿ͸ܲŶԣЩʬ岻ûиܣ廹ӣеԣǵֱϣ˺Ϥͼĵһģһ
ѸٿʯͷƺѯΪʲôʯͷȻҲܲ⣬ûϸգҿʬ壬ʬҲһģһÿһʬֱ϶ͼ
˳ĻҲ²ͼйأʲô
ʯͷͼЩ֪˼Ȼתͷ˵СģҾƺѾҵһˣ
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ʯͷȴҡҡͷ۾һĨãȻɫɫҲת˲ţȻ˵СģҲ˵
ʣΪʲô
ʯͷؿңҸоֱ䣬Ȼͷ˵Ϊ֪ˣẦ㡣
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ʯͷͷ˵Ҳһֱ
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ԼƽһĵͼֵѪͳҡҲ˵ҺѾ޷ϵ
˵ʯͷҲòףҲԸ࣬㾿жٶҵģ
ʯͷͻȻĬȻ̾һ˵СģԭͲӦþЩǷǷѾ
˵ʯͷȴû˵ȥԥţƺ˼ʲô˵ĻĻѾ˵һ
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ʯͷǽ֮һȻЩʬ壬ңСģ֪ЩʬΪʲôǽ𣿡
ҡҡͷʯͷ˵һ仰˵Щ˶ǻģǱ֮ΪĹˡ
ģĹˣҾȵؿ˿Щʬ壬ȴκλŵļ
ʯͷͷ˵֮ԿӣΪѾˣ˽˲¡
ʯͷһۣȻذóȻ䣬ͽһʬϣҿϵʬڵϣǹͼȵ֮ĶҲʯͷΪʲôҪôǽʯͷҵʬӣʬȴûһʬӵѣ㲻𣿡
ŷӦȻȵؿʯͷȴѾһ뷨Ϊĵͼ
ʯͷͷ˵ͼģ㻹ûУ
ԺһȦȴûκӡֻҡҡͷȻʯͷ˵ʵͼֻͼûܼʱ򡣡
ҸӲˣʯͷЦЦȻ˵ĸԶ󣬶һ仰˵ֻܸ㣬ͼѰҪ֮һ
˵ʵʯͷ˵ô࣬ȴûʯͷҲ֪ûֽתʯ˵ǰҲһڹѾҲˣƻ
ʣΪʲô
ʯͷ˵Щ˵ĴڲػǵѰҲ֪ǻŵʱ򲢲˵ӣʯˣ


һٶʮ 
Ѿȵ˵ƺѾҵһϵ¼ϵڡ
ʯͷ˵ڵ㣡
벻ʯͷһ仰ȻЩʬ֮һ󻮶˵ɱǣһѾˣĶͻס
˵ʯͷߣҲ֪ʯʲôǿʯͷѾ֪ѵ֮ǰҲȥƵĵط
ҸȥΧʬӶţȴҿʯͷ˵Һõң˳ǣʯͷ˵˳ʱͻȻ˶٣ƺʲô쳣ⲻת˲£Ȼָֻ˵Ҫ˳ʲô˵ֻѾʬӵĳѨˡ
˵֮ͻȻתͷؿңһһʵ˳֪٣
Ҳ֪ʯͷҪʲôҿһȻ»عͷ˵˵ȥǸط֪ڣ
֪ʯͷ˵ǡġĵطֻҾȻҲľ̫ݣǲ˵ǵıһģǳһʱҾ;ЩŹ֣ʯͷľ̫ʶģҺԣľ̫һʼҪ
ʯͷҲ˵Ƕҷŵ˳˵˳ұ濴Ǹӣ˵ľ̫֮ԻѡϿȣʲôǲ
㶣˳ܼҵˣʲô⣬ʯͷ˵ܼҶ⣿
ʯͷûٽͣ˵ұʲô¶˳˵ҿܼҲһɡ
һ˻߽ʯѾû˹ǽϵʬ壬ʯͷЩʬ徿ô£ʯͷע⿴ǵûУŻعǵ·Ѿõòӣһûע⡣
ʯͷ˵ոǿЩʬܴģʯͷ˵һ֪ܣ֪ϿȻһ壬Ѱ
˵ξǴӶֱ棬˶Ϊ£ȴ֪ȴѰһҲһţСʱүү;ҽε£ڲʶүүЩѾ˽롣
ͻȻʶʲôʱѰȥ棬ôġѵǴ
ҿʯͷ˵˵Ҳȥ棬ǲŴȥ棬Ҳ˵Ǵȥ棿
ʯͷͷʱ˵Сģˣ񻰴˵˵ĸιɾ񻰱Ͼ񻰣ɾ治һ£Ǵȷʵȥ棬ʲôźŶַݵ¡ɽ͵κ˵ͼ棬˵֮һǾŶȴس֮ʧ䲻Ӵ޴Ѱټ洦֮ͱ֮Ϊ
ʯͷ˵꿴һۣ˵֮Ŷ֮طϡŹ֣ҵ֪֮ŶҪȥͷֻȥ֮ȴһȻʧС
ʯͷⷬҾһ·ϵѾԽԽ¶ˮ棬ܴغϵѪĹľ׵ҲܺйأϿȣȻҲž˵ɺϣЩһ֤һ¡
˵ƺѾߵʯľͷʯͷûգ˵ǵˣ
ѵʯͷ˵ҪҿĶֻʯͷʯľͷֽĻҳĨȥʯֳһͼȻĵǸһģһ
ʯͷ˵һڣѾȫƻˣܿѾ˼ӲʯڣڣȴѾԭȵڡˣͼȴޱҿ޴ͼͻȻĪϢ鲻Խؽָȥ
ʱҸеҵƺͻȻʯڳһ壬ҾؿŸǽϵ֣ҸоֵѪѾȫʱᱬһ
ҿʯͷȵɫһҪ࣬ȻһҲ
Ļû˵꣬Ҿ͸еʯͻȻҡεʮѾʯ龰ʯͷæҵֲ֣ǽڣʱҲ棬ҿֱϵͼѾ˳
ͬʱʯϵͼͻȻҿʺͼһǵ֣һܶʯҡεþǴһţ¡һʯͻȻҺʯͷ޴档
ҲͬʱվŵʯҲ䡱һֻһǽҾ͸еҺʯͷٴȥ
ǾһƽϣһƬڣվȴ֪Լ
ҶԺڰһֱ޷ƵĿ־壬ʯͷȴѾߵǰһЩ˵һˮ̶
ȻҹȻˮɽ´Ȼʯͷ˵һºӣȻʯͷ˵ˮȻ⣡
ұʯͷ˵ķ߹ȥʯͷȴڣСģˣǲ֮ˮ֪ġ
ҶԭأʯͷתһȦȻ˵гڣߡ
Сرܹˮ̶ʯͷߣȻܿҾ͸еߵ̨ϣЩ̨һ϶ȥģطӦΪɵˡ
֪ôģͻȻ뵽˸ոŵͼҾڳͼϵעصȥһֵͷԺֳ︡Ǹ˵ĳҲǰ㣬˵ǴӶȥסˣ
ۼԶպϵ龰Ҳһ붴ھ͹رգңͻȻôʬӣѾʬҧôɲ˵Ǵĵصߵģ
Щ˵ͨ滭˵ͼֱעڣûе³ߣҷȥЩ벻֪ͨû͸
ʱѾںڰ˺ܾãҸоһֱϣȴʼûмڣʯͷο˵ȱż߿Ҿһ꣬ǰѸո뵽ʯͷ˵ˣʯͷ˶˶٣Ȼ˵Ҳͱʯ
ֻôͶ˵ͨҲֻʱգҹҺʯͷ˿һСʱſһĨ΢⣬ǾǣǾȻһ
ĵطĺԺ˵һҲͷ֪ģճʯͷ˸ȽϸߵĵطȻųһźŵźŵڿըɫĹ⡣
ȻͶɽ´棬Ǽӹȥˣûһ㷴Ӧʯͷֵȼһ֧ûһӣɽ¾һ֧źŵӦǣǸλľ̫ǵڡ
˻Ӧʯͷǰ˵Сģʯκ˵ر˳һҪң߲ơ


һٶʮ 
ҿʯͷһı飬ڵͷȻҲſ£ʯͷҵȥܼҺԺǸûУ
ɻʵĸˣ
ܼҺԺĵҡʯͷ˵͵̫үǰԺĵңԺܣ˳ǺԺˡ
Ҵ֪ܼһǰԺͺԺô˵ԺЩΣҿֻʬھֻ֤ҲǰԺͺԺܼʲôͬҺԺôأʲô
ʯͷûж˵Һǰţܿľ̫Ķ͸ľ̫û£˿ȴûôҹſʯͷѾɫľ̫ᣬȻҲûᣬҿǶŴСңɽµӦѾˡ
ʯͷ˵ǿסһǽȥͷ˻𣬾һΧŻţ˳ߣҲֻûЩ֮Ļ⣬ȷҲûŴס
֮Ǿ˯ˣֻʣ¶Ǽֵҹţҿڽ˯˹ȥҲ֪˯˶ãͻȻСغңԺ۾ȴ˳С˵СĶүѣ
۾Ȼֱ˳СĺԶߣںţȻſǽϣСؽͷȥһЩʱһЩ˳ָָʾҲȥҽͷȥȴԺʯͷľ̫վԺ룬ǵ޵شóѹڽ̸
ˣҲҽͷȥʱǡʯͷĻֻ˵¾ԲС֪
ͻȻһ˵ʲô²֪ϸϸֻľ̫˵ģһ㱣ܣôأ
ʯͷ˵ڲѾ𣬵ߵ½ˣһ˵СѾʧ£
ľ̫ʯͷȻڽףҶȻҵʱҿһ˳ȴԵ˳֪ʱѾˣһ飬ûУҾһ̺Ժ̸ޣһûзӦʯͷѾվҸǰҿŷźذףǺڰ֮Уҿϳɱ
ʯͷû뵽ң£Ȼϵɱɢȥ˿ΧȻԺңСģô
һûӦ˳ȥǻش򼱣ǽ߾͡
û˵ȥҿľ̫ʯͷɫÿʯͷңոǵ̸㶼ˣ
ʯͷҪɱڰɣһش˵һ㡣
ʯͷĬľ̫һ۲ҿͻȻĲθУһʵҵҪʲô
ʯͷľ̫ɫľ̫ǿЦ˵СĶүûҪ
ȴͣ˵Ǹոյ̸ˣǲǣ
ľ̫ʯͷȴǵɫ˵ʯͷ˵ذײýģʵ֮Ҿ뵽ôãѾΣȥͭͽɵģȴǣҲ˵ʯͷذһҲǽģȫ԰ϿҲûаǲǣ
Ҽѹĵŭ⣬ľ̫ʯͷҶǵΣȻ£ֻһĻ䣬Ҳٲ档
ʯͷҷ˵Сġ
Ļû˵꣬Ѿشʯͷȱ˵ľݣҵ
ֻĵļһ˲ͻȻƽһĪĸоָоҵķŭȵȵѹȥҾþһһ㣬һڵںҾڱһԼֻٴ˵û֪ȥ֮ţңʱڵ֮Ҳֲң
ҿʯͷľ̫һίʵ벻⻰ҵĿ˵ʯͷͻȻعͷľ̫˵СģٲҪˣ
ҿľ̫ӻ̿ͻȻعݸʯͷʯͷٵݸңҽˣסһ˲䣬ҸоͻȻ̤ʵ࣬ͷĸоȴڻţþòɢȥ
ʯͷٴСңСģ㾿ôˣ
ûһ㣬ͻȻоԴһƬججҺһ˵һȥ֮ţ˭Ҿɱ˭
˵Ҿߣʱ͵ʯͷ³֣أ
תͷʱͻȻʲôϣعͷǻû˭õҾ˹ȥ
ʱ˯еĽЩֲԺľλʵֻԺףﻹʹУѵζģֽ̧žͷҵ
ģҴ˼ӣȴǲϸ˵ʲôԼεϵģֻǵʯͷľ̫ݸңģҲǵˡ
˦˦ͷҿʯͷ˽ҼʯͷĪһųУǾؿһۣӣȴҲûʲô飬ֻʵ˳ûУ
˳ңȥ͵ʯͷľ̸̫ʯͷ˳ֻΣұϾó˵ѣǵͷ˵
ʯͷңʲôʱ򣿡
˵㷢Ҷǽ֮ǰ
ʯͷ׽ҵĻƺǽ͵ԭ򣬵ȴû˵ʲô˵֮⣬ܼҵĸ˶ˣ
ͻȻһ£˳ʧʵ̫֣ҾȻҲˣѵһ
ʯͷ˵ѾһϣҶڣӦò뿪֪ʯͷ˼˼˵ǿܳ⣬ֻʲô⣿
ȻͻȻ뵽ʲô̧ͷʯͷȻ˵ɱǲǣ
ʯͷ벻һ˵Ļ۾ǾȣȻָ飬˵Сģûɱǣ
ͻȻ˭ţΩһŵֻԼҲ˵ʯͷôǻȥŵʱ򶼻úõġ
վֻͷЩѣΣҰڿʯͷһߵڣֻľ̫վ棬ҺҾʲôҲûһغҴкǿһЦȴĪһЩ
ҿããɽ´ЩãֻȥʲôĻǸ֧Ų˼죬Ȼ뵽ʲôʯͷ˵ǻ᲻ȥ˺Ժʯ
ʯͷһۣȻ˵ΪѾˣԺ֮󲻾þѾպˣ
ҿһʯͷЩţԼҪȥһ˺Ժŷ֣Ժﻹʲôڣʯͷûƭҡ


һٶʮ ʧ
ںԺãȻѰһ飬ʲôҲûҵ˶ʱһֹ¶УҿںԺʯߣڵϣǾȥĸܲôƾʧ˰ɣ
ں뷨ʱͻȻ´һ𶯣Ϊǵˣȴǣ´Ƶġ¡ƺʲôݣڵվ˵棡
ʯͷǽ߿һȻѸ߽һľ̫ʹһ˽ȻǷֱڵţƺڣ뵽ĸʧģôӦǴȥĲŶԣ˵ڿ
ܽͷ󣬵ȫʯͷģ빩һ𣬵ѾòӣطȻҲз̴ϡȴҲûеľ
½غԺѰ޹ѰңܿǾڴ·쳣ĵطܲһǿյġ
վ棬ʹ˶ȷûⲻŻãһ徹Ȼ͵ؾˣǺ׵أһȥ
ȴ֮ǰĲͬҷ⾹ȻһһͨҵѸٵ滬䣬֪˶೤ʱ䣬ͻȻ˳ȥȻͨһˮ
ˮʮֱ䣬ȴվˮպûȣ谵ֻԼţһͷһۻĵطֿһͷһˮһֱʧ棬ѵһʯ
Ҫǰȥֻһһͨ𣬵ֱ̾ӣκͶҿóʯͷ
ʯͷˮֱվһԣҾЩΣȿ˵Сģ鲢Ѿڻǣô¾ζܳɹˡ
ʵʯͷһֱģֻէһĻʵЩ޷˼ͽܣϸϸһ˸ȥ֮ţҲòʯͷ
ĬĬسʯͷͷ¾ȥʯͷң㿴ʲôûУ
ҡҡͷܿ˿Ҳ֪ʲôȻǰߣ˵СģطЩ쳣
Ҳ֪ʯͷ˵쳣ʲôҿ˿󣬷û˸ʯͷ˵ѾŲľֻ̫ͽ¼ɣǶ棬ʯͷһ˸
ʯͷ˵ǰߣţʯͷСעĻСңСģоԼ쳣ûУ
쳣Ҳôǵ£ʯͷ˵Щȡ
ʯͷ˵㲻˵ֻ˵СģŲĵһ꣡
ʯͷͷԵĻ˵Ұľ˵ҳŲѵʲô쳣²ɣʯͷѾֹһ˵ʱ䲻Ļһֱɻ󣬾ʲôʱȣѵң
ʯͷûٶ˵˺Ҳû˳ǣҲѵǲǲڵĻոյġ¡Ǵ﷢ģ
Ѱ˼ţʯͷͻȻѾͣס˲ӣҿǰһʯ飬ֻʯѾοһ飬ڵʯһ̮ô˿ûܵӰ졣
ʯͷʯ֮Уҽ󣬻ʯѲûн·ȫסҺʯͷȥǾҪȥʱȴʯͻȻһֻ֣ҼæסʯͷѾſǰȥʯǿ𽥽¶
ʯѾҵòӣѪһһܱϳܼҵˣȻҲܺ
ʯͷˣѸٿ˿ʯ֮УȻȷûˣվ˵һȥˣǿЩϵϣ
ҿʬһۣѸʯͷȥʯһ·϶ûȵˮʯͷǲǲ֮ˮʯͷ˵ǣҲ˵ЩˮһҲŷ֣ԽߣѾԽԽԽԽһܶ
Ѿ洫ġ䡱صʯòʯͷϸ˵ǰһٲ
ʱע⵽֮伱ˮʯͷȴӭȥ˵ҲҪӵöࡣ
ѾԿǰ治Զ⣬䡱ˮҲԽԽʯˮҲԽԽļҺʯͷòסǽϵʯסΣȻٲŷЩȫǴٲ֮ʯںٲˮ׷ģٲ󣬵Ҳʮ׸ߣЩˮ£ֻһˮ̶ĺЩˮӦú͵ºӻһġ
Ա߿˿ֻˮ̶һխķ϶ɽѹһģ֪ͨ
ʯͷȻҲǿˣǻһȦȴɲ˳ǵӰ˵ȥ
ǰҲΣ΢Щ飬ĹһЩĥҵˮҲ˲٣ҳʯͷһOKƣʯͷ˵ȥû
˵ѾȥҼϾûڹâ֮УȻ˻ʧ̶ˮУϸرʯͷӰɲĲЩ³ٿһڿʯͷһӴ˻ֳ泯Ҵûơ
һҲȥ˵ʵʮˮ˶ѾԹأˮһ˲ǾԲܵģһûл𾿾ǸʲôоѾˮȻҵӾ;ҵ³ֻҵͻȻһƬâ֮УˮĹԽԽԽԽʱͻȻһѣΣ֪Ϊʲôǽ³ͷסʼ渡Żعͷһˮף˹ȴʲôҲϣҿâгһڵ㣬Ȼһˡ
һˮײӰɣȻˮڷǱǱһЩȥߵʱ򣬲ŷѾһʬ壬ϵãȻܼҵˣȴһֱľ̫ңôǵʱľ̫ߡ
ѵľ̫Ҳˣ
ֱۣȻˮϸʯͷڰߵңǿһʬʱȴ΢΢üͷҰʬҲϵϣʯͷ˵ⲻߵ𣿡
ҵͷ˵ǵģʯͷ̧ͷ˿ң˵֮ǰڶ֮УѵǴһݾһ
ǲܵģΪʬ壬ûˣҲʬʵЩΡʯͷ鿴򣬷ȫû˿ڣֻڼ鵽ָʱ򣬷һС˿ڣΪˮ˺ܳʱԵʣ˿Ѿͷ׵Ƥһʯͷϸ淢ֲˡ
Ǳʬҧ˿ڣʯͷ˵


һʮ ĵ
˵ĻôʬӦѾʬӵϳѵ˳ʬӵϮЩ˵ͨΪʲôʬֻǼȴˣ
ʯͷʬ壬˿֮ѱȫҲҲһֻա
ֻǺ棬ٲˮ̶澿ʲôȻ˶ĿĹâˮ￴Ÿ֣ʬ壬ǴˮƮģ˳ˮҲ˵һ
ʯͷ˵ʬĽӲ̶Ӧ˻ûһ죬ģֻǣ˽һʱڵʬΪʲôûб
ΪճʬӦñʬӸʴòˣʵʬȴȻʯͷüͷ˼һĿҲ˷Źˮס
ʯͷͻȻңСģոˮ׵ʱûһֻ㱸УԼҪʧЩâһ
ʯͷңȻҲĸоҺ֣صصͷʯͷžͳʯ쳣ЩĶ
˵ˮߣǾҵ˻ˮ̶ס̶ףٲ棬ҲֻܿһĹ⣬ܿʲôĹ⡣
ʯͷһҲ֪뵽ʲôȻתͷңСģ㻹ǲǵÿڲϻᷢĻ
ƺѾ֪ʯͷ˵ʲôʵҲв
ʯͷͷȻ˵ɽϣɫĲǱֲȥģջۣǱֲΪʳΪ𽥷˱죬ʵʵĲѾȥԶҲû˲ȵĹЧɽϵĲڳȪ֮С˵ʯͷͻȻǻȻһؾ˵ôû뵽ҲǳȪҪڳȪ֮вܻĻҲͿԽΪʲôʬ屻ʬݵȴûʬ䣬ȫΪȪˮĹϵ
ȻʯͷͻȻЦһֱЦǷһܴľϲһ˵Сģһķ֣Ҿ˵㲻ôùģ
˵ʯͷѾһȪˮȺȥصһᣬȻ˵û⣬СģһЩ
һ뵽ոմƮʬ壬˾һĪĿܸУʯͷߴٵкȻȫȴס㲻ȶ״
ʯͷ˵ҵ岻ȶԼŴʯףѵȪˮʯҵ徿Ϊʲôʯ
ΪΪĸԵʣҾǸһʬߺʬһźֵԽԽ࣬Ҳ֪һʯȫΪͼԵʡġ˵һѪͳҿʯͷһۣҲѪͳôǲ˵ʯͷҲʱʯΣգһ·ҲڳʯӺͳȪˮ
뵽һ㣬׵ȪϣȪˮһЩȥ֪ģȪˮ¶ǵһ˲䣬ͻȻЩ㱣ֻͷһ˵ĸоָоƺϤʲôʱҽҾ͸оҵЩٶƺڴǰĳʱһģһľٶ
ȻͻȻ˸սеĲоһɨգ㶵ؿ̶ˮԺһӰѾ֮Ҿ㵵վ̫ˣҵļﾹȻҶڳȪˮϺˮ龰ң̶ˮϣһò̶ˮסҲ֦ɱ鲼ʯҼǵãʱʯͷҲվߡ
Ҳ˼ؿʯͷ⾿ǻþǰļ䣬ʲôʱ£ѵǡġ
ͻȻ˼סͣʯͷ˲þʧ룬еҵСģôˣ
ֻ͸˵Ҳ촽ʯͷ뵽ʲôʮֲ˼һʯͷӣѾɫңСģ㵽ôˣǲȪˮ⣿
˺һڰ֣ȻòʯͷʯͷҺ͡ġǲһǲǣ˭͡ġʶ
ʯͷͻȻ˵Щȵؿңƽ˵һЩʲô
ֻѾ쳣Ҹ޷ƣžҵţȫ̲סزҲƵ̧֣òĻｫոջ龰˵һ飬ʯͷţȵૣҾȻҲ
ܿ侲һλ£ŻڣСģȻҼǲ˵棬ܿ϶ǾҺ͡ġ˵Һ㣬ΪǷģ
Լƽˮ̶Ҳ˵һ仰ֻʯͷ˵ȥ
ʯͷһۣȴҵ֪ȥܼҵ𣿡
Ƥ˵ҵͷʾԼ֪ʯͷȴЦ˵Һ̫үһģôһĺͯЩӦƤ˵İɣ
ʯͷȻѯʵѾ϶˴𰸣Ҳûлشȴ˵ƤһǺ˵ҺҸȥȴΪжʧ󣬽һĹĹ֮УȻҸ˲ңҴ˯ӵĹľ֮ڣӷ֣Ǿܼң̫үܼңǲǣ
ҷʣѵʵģ
ʯͷЦЦЦȴ˿û¶ȣ˾һĪغ䣬˵Ѿ˵ˣǵʮĸеһԱôһĺͯƤ˵λҲܼƻ˵ģ֪ΪʲôҪô
ҡҡͷʯͷ̾һ˵Ϊܼҽӽȥ꺢ͯ㣬ң
ʲôҼ̴ӵʯͷȴƽ˵㲻þȣСģĺͯ㣬ǷģҲΪʲôݶԵʣ㡣
Щת˵ľ̫Ҽġô˭
Ҿ˵仰ìܣȴϾȥ˼ЩֻǶʯͷϣһĴ𰸡
ʯͷ˵ǡġֻһǾ㣬Ǹˣǡġ֮ӡ
ӣظʯͷĻȻʯͷ˵ʵġġľѾˣðΣսʬ˻
˵ʯͷڴ˴ס֪ӦǸӷ˼췽ҹ̷ڵ˼ȴȫϣΪԺеͷʯͷһ䡪ʵġġľѾˣ
ôѾˣ˭ȻѾˣΪʲôֻǷģѾˣѵҲһˣ
ʯͷ˼Ƭ̣ҾԹิӶµ࣬ü򵥵Ļ˵Ϊʲôڵӣ屾ʬ֮Ľ˵Ҳ㣬ķ
ľظ仰ȴ֪⾿һʲôķ


һʮһ ˮ̶
ʯͷʱֲһ䣬˵ֲǡġ
ҾȥĸƲҲ֪Һ͡ġʲôϵҾþʯͷԼҲ
˵֮˵ֲǡġȫΪĵͼǾãѾһˣǶ֪ġȥģΪ沢ûκε˺ҲûʬĪȥˣ˯ȥһҲǹƴȳԭҲ֪ľȴҲ˵ˣģҲˣʹࡣ
ʯͷ˵ʵҼӵӣӵȷ˻磬ʯͷҲ˵Ƕȥ棿
ʯͷͷȴҡҡͷ˵֪ҴѯʵĿ⿴Ȼ˵ҺݡʬҲһֱҾǻŻˡҲΪʲôʮĸ˵ֻҺݱʱģԭ˶ѾȥԵľǻ壬˥ϵٶʵ̫ˣҲʵҲʮ꣬ǿȥȴͰ˾ʮûʲô
Ҿƺˣǵ˱ഺȴڼٵ˥ϣԽҾľ׵ȷһĵطֲľ׵Եʣܾľײһϵ¼һ֣ǲŸո̽һͷѡ
ʯͷ˵㲻Щ£վ˵ЩԺ֪øϸšġļļҷ㻹˷أƺǡġʱˣʱҾ;áġЩ֣뿴ˡ
ͻȻһһµͷҵԺѸٳΡġҲһûе׵˰ɣ
ͻȻһ㷵Ĳ롰ġǷֻһŶѣ˵ġҲֵģôǻһġ
ҶʱãʵĻѭһ޷Ʋ⵽ԴѭôʼҲǵһáġֵֻ˭ֻʲôʱ
ʯͷʱѾˮȥұˮѹŷֶͷѾһϸϸĺ飬еҲٶȥʯͷҪʲô
ʯͷ˵ȥˮ׵ʲô֪Ӧ֤ԼĲ²⣬ǳȪĻôǻһƬ֣ʼûģڳȪ֮У
ˮ̶ߵʯͷһߵʬ壬˼ֻصĿҵҲûͨΪʲôܼĸʧ٣ҵֵʬ壬ҿʼվľ̫ߵǸ֣ǷǱˣ
ţͻȻһ޴ˮ̶ǲʯͷ⣬Ѹٻعͷֻһʬ׹£ˮ̶֮Уʬһˮ̶УϾͱ˻ûҼûκԥվˮ̶֮С
ˮ̶һƬֻʬˮиһһ飬ȴʯͷټոǽˮ̶ģôڷûӰ
ʱȰʬϰ˵ǱʬԱߣסֱۣסһ˲䣬ȴţֱ۱ܵסңһҿϲðݵʱʶŵʵ
ҵһؼˮ棬ˮϣҲע⿴ò˾ȻǶӣ˵ĲᣬֻǰһƬѪˮˮ̶һ·ɢҼֹ֮һЩˮЩԲѡ
Ұϵϣؿˣ·Ǻ˵˿ڣвˣжˣҲ࣬˿ϻڲסѪؿôˣҲҸķθգֻܸﴵһ洵һ濴ˮ̶ʯͷȥѾЩʱˣôû
ҲЩʱҿ۾ֱӣԼѪˮ˳ȳһЩҺӣ㻹𣿡
ʵ۾ҹûпҵӣǴҵֱң΢سСĶү𣿡
˵Ͻشӣңôˣô˳
һЩʮ̧ҸϽס˵˳˳
˵ָŶٲһֱظ˳֣˵ӣ˳ôˣ
ʱҿѪѾӶӵһ˵ֻ࣬ѾˣҸʵ˳ôˣ
֮ʣ΢޴ӷֱ棬ֻ˵˳³ߡ
ȻûˣŵҲͻȻʧȥ洹䣬ұ˵غӣӡ
ȷˣãȻ̧ͷع⣬ոҲûпεˮ̶ģָٲ棬ѵΣ
ţȴ͵طˮ̶ƺԾոҴˮǸֵʬȥոֻŶӣȴûעǾʬ岻֪ʱȻѾˣ
͵վȷһŹĵطֿ˿ˮ̶ͷʯͷûгһʲô⣬Ҳ˲϶˵ЩҵʯͷҪʯͷҲʲô⣬һͷײ
ˮ̶ͷˮ̶Ĺ⣬ҳˮ̶ײǱȥȴ֣âҿףȴҲǱסһ·Ҹκζʯͷ˵ĲԽǱȥԽһֲõԤУֱң治ǲбʲô
Ҵˮ̶ײǱҲŷˮ̶һΪ޴ܶΧ޴󣬶Χǹ⣬ˮҲǻصĹ⣬ҸĶǱһЩʱѾƣһѾ᲻ûҵκζ
һҪȥʱͻȻˮ»һӰٶ֮ĿϾӣƾֱжϣⲻˣ̶ˮĪסʲôﲻɣ
ұŵһѾãֻʱȸˮ棬ҴˮðͷҵغţҪҪǱȥȴˮ̶ʯͷڼŶӵʬ壬ҵ㷢ֵʬ壿
Ұѷֶӵºʯͷ˵˱飬֪ҲǱˮͷЩȣ˵ʱȻûпң
Ҳ֣ȴҲûϹ׷ȻѻתƵ˶ϣ˵Ӷϵ˷ҿƣҲ໮ˣʯͷ˵ûдκңôܿʯڲҴϵĸҲǱʯ˺˵ġ
ϵĲӦʯ鲫ʱͻ˵ĺۼҲ˵ڶ֮ǰ˻ʲôҵزʯͷ²ԷõҲʯ飬ôӦ˲Ŷԡ
ֻǺͶӲ˭ȴ޴Ӳ²⣬Ȼʯͷˮ̶ιȥ뿴ٲ澿ʲôҲţ뿴ٲǲǻˮʲôģʯôᷢ⣿


һʮ Ĺ
Һʯͷεˮ̶֮У̧ͷٲȴطٲ֮һӰһ˹ˮ棬ʯͷ½ǣʾ
ʯͷ˱㲻ٶ˵ˮ棬ҲŽȥٲȻһʯЩⶼǴʯеʯͷϷģЩʯͷȫǰɫģʯһ
ʯڵϷһʬ壬ϳܼʧһˣĿǰΪֹ˳֮⣬ܼʧٵ˼ѾȫҵˣֵֻôᱻͶӵӦҲһѪڵѾһ̲ˮ뵽ˮ̶档
ʬ屻ҵúܸߣǸţӴĲסͷ߸ߵصţ۾ͻǡʯͷذϣֻѸٵؽذ׳˦ȥӶʱϣʬһڵϣʯͷذǶʯʯͷذװγ˲Ź鿴ʬ塣
ʵ֤ͶӵȷһģһؿһĴˣ࣬Ϊ˿ڵԵʣȫѪѾˣ˿ȥ쳣ز԰ס
˭Ķ֣ҿʯͷȴ⿪ʬƣֻץһʯͷóȴһѾʪһŵֽš
ʯͷֽչּѾȫˮɢǳҵһ㣬ȻǦм
ǦдּҲ˵ǲԼˣʯͷ˵
ǲܴκнĶǽֱʺ̼رʶǦʣô˵ܼҵʧӦյ˭ддʲôݣ
ѵľָ̫ɵģҾѾֵľʬ֮Уֻûˣʱ߼ЩؾѾˣȻոʬѾʧӺ˷˲ãԣǲһ·ģҲֻһɺϡ
ʯͷٿ˿ʯ棬ûд򶷵ĺۼôͿԿ϶ǲﲫֻΪʲôʯ̮ΪʲôһҺǲǴĵطģǾ˵ﻹһڣֻǻûҵ
ʯͷֻ߽ȥͱסˣֻҵСģⶫҾһĪϤмûУ
߽ȥȴʯǽһʯˣͬͷʯ￴ģȴֻһһһʯˡ
֪ôģʯ˵ʱҵҲͻһԺȴûаӡûʯͷ˵ϤУҾΪʲôҵĻͻȻһ£ʱһĪľ㤸У̾
ʯͷɻתͷ˿ңҳҡҡͷתͷʯˣӸոˮ̶ߵĶԻҲʯͷȻʮǰжҲ˺ܶ£᲻֪澿ʲôҸҪһǣʯͷ˵Сġļ䣬˵ӦöҲһЩӡ󣬿ʵֻ֤ոһȴʲôӡҲûС
ʯͷѾǽϵʯͷ˷˴ʵҲú֣һʯͷĪسʯ룬һҼĹ̬֣οʯһȻγɵģʯ˿ȥҲ˹̶ɵġ
ҲΪһʯ̳ܵô̬һˣҲѵǻ˱ɵģ
ȻĿǰΪֹһһ˾αʯͷ˵ģһԿ϶ǣһֱᴩȥĵطɫѪĹľ׻ҲһĪУҾأԳƺѾһֲס
ȻͻȻʯͷת۾ãתΪı䣬˵ƺһЩƬΣĳһʱ䣬һֱվ￴ʯ񡣡
Ҳ֪ʯͷ˵ʲôҿɫ˲Ϣ䣬Ȼ˵СģҲһˣ
һûлζĻҿѸٵʯߣҲҪʲôȴֻߵٲǰһˮȻѸߵʯǰȻˮȥȻֻعٴһʯϡ
ʯͷִŵţ˷˿ͣ£ֱҿʯϿʼʯ䣬վӣĿתؿǽϵʯˡ
Ȼҿµʯһ˵ģȿľһ˫۾˫۾ڶһ˵һģһ룬һˣ
ҾʶʯĵȷȷһˣֻҲ֪ġʯ£İ𽥳ǰ°Ƕʯ棬ˣȴȻڿҡ壬ȻҶ
˭һѣʲôʬһʯϾҵҡ壬ͬצӵڿвϵ趯ţҿ˫ϻ˸ָͼϵͼһ
ҾҲĹ˵һֻ֣ľһ֪
ʱʯͷѾش
֣ҡεĹͻȻͣͻȻֱ˸ոյʯһݵĿֱֱؿʯͷȻЦҲҲģ㲻Ǹˣ㲻ǣ
ٴҡƺʯﴫ֨֨ʱᱻŤϣǽϵһ
ʯͷɫ䣬ҳǰһƣʵأ
ĹڴЦȻĿۼϣʱЦͻȻȻֹý˫ֽڿУøɿݶʵ˭
һش˵Ƿġ
ġ૵ظ֣Ҽ۾Ѿгһߣʵ˭֣
¾סˣǰΪүүģڲŷ֣õĲǡġֶѣ˭֣Ҹ֪
ԶԣȴѾԹԵ˵ģȻ㣬Ȼ㣡
һʯͷĹ˵ĿؾۼϣȻʵңǵڼ룬ڼ
Ҹо˵ġ롱ҵֲһ˵ġġʲô
ͻȻ۾ңȻҿʯͷһȻؿңĹ˵˵Ƿ룬һְֹ޵ļ񣬿Ǿںʱȴһֱûжۡ
ʯͷδ䣬ĹͻȻĻ˵˭˵޵ļģ˴ţ׶ܼ
ƺžȻԴĳ
Ĺ˵ⷬúǲ˼飬̵ʱǿʥĴڣʱ׹ƣΥ׵ĻȻ˵Ǳȴ׻ҪߵȵĴڣ˵ȨѾԽ˵
Ĺ˼ҵ飬ɵʵÿһ붼б־Լݵʲôҿ


һʮ 
Ҳ֪ʲôûи㶮˵ķ뾿Ǹʲôģ
ʯͷӦѸ٣˵
ҽŽɵذó̴֪ȻǷ룬Էַķ룡
ϣֱҲ׻˵һУξĲͬĺ壬ǲͬѾر
Ȼ˵ǴĶĥƶɵžŸԴȴֻһͷϳݣմŵĶҺκζﶼޱȡɱһݱĥƳ˷룬һĥһذס
û˵꣬ȴʯͷзźذףʱһĿ⿴ʯͷ˵ԭذ
ʵ뾿ǸʲôģǸʲôģ
ң˵ҪͱԿףԿףԿףֻзãڵĵط͵ڴľŶ֮ϣҵŶֻз֪
˵ľŶѾʧȥѰ
ȻĹһЦʧľŶǼٵģҪĶѵĻὫ֮ǰŶҪܣ޲û֪ݣѵÿһ˶
ͻȻôŶҲԭ򣬶ǱĿģ
Ĺ˼˵ŶھŸͬĹ棬ÿһʵһŵͼŵͼƴһ𣬾
һŵͼʡ
Ĺҡҡͷ˵ʱ䣡
Ҿ˵£ʵ˭
ٴδЦ˵ʩ
û˵֣ʯͷ֮ȴ͵̧ͷ˵ôܣ
ʩȴʵΪʲôܣ
ʯͷĬȻʩȴ˵Ҿ;סڳȪ֮УȻóȪˮңȴΪβųȪˮͲĹʵԳ
ѹ֪ʩ˭ʣ㵹ʲôˣ
ʯͷʱŻش˵ǸŶˣţ
Ҽǵʱסͣô˵ĳˣ˵Ҳмǧʱ䣬Ȼţ
ҾȣֻЦЦȴ˵ôʱ䣬ҲȻȴǣǶӳֻǻûܼʱ򣡡
ֻʩĳ̸ֺһΣȻ֮ǰѾ಻˼飬Щ뻹ҵĽܷΧ֮ڡҾ뵽һʵʵ⣬ȻǼǧǰˣôΪʲôȴԺǽ磬¶֪һ㣬˵ͷͷǵ
ȴ˵Һ˵ÿһ֣ÿһ仰ǵı飬ҶѾ֪Щǵһֲ©ظңܵģ
ҾЩܽܣƺҲ˳㲻ٶ˵ǽңҽӹһ˲䣬ֻ˵ǲǵģȻĿ⿴ʯͷ˵лҪ˵
ʯͷŽɵ߹ȥֻĹ˴սʯͷĶ˵ʲôȴһҲҿʯͷɫͣڱ䣬ͬۻһϣһһֳֻعĮһԲ߻صߡ
ʱҿԭצʩͻȻԭأĻﻹǶߡ³̫ɽ֮ǰһҪ뿪
ȻҲ䲻ͷβĻҼ³һʲôӣʱҪ֣صظǣ
֮˵ΪҿѾʯҰʯϤƣͱһʯ飬žصڵϡ
ȴһػδȫѹϾĳֺ˵Ļ̫𾪣ԽҶһʲôȻҪǸʱʼҪĵƣңôǧʱ䣬Ȼ롱ֵȫˣȴܺõش֮ʯͷ˵ҵǱʶзأôҲӦþԵǸʱˣ
Ҳ֪ʯͷ˵ʲôʯͷһҲûк𣬵Ȼ˵Ҳûʣ໥֮أҺûҪŶԷ˼
ҺʯͷʯתһȦһյʯûνĳڣڵĵȴ˳˶ӺܼǼ˵ʬ壬Ҫ²źá
Һʯͷˮ̶ϣ֮ͻȻһ̫ѹ֣ٲˮ̶ˮ»صʵ֮УֻȴʯͷѾˮǱ
Һס˵ȥ
ֱĹһ˵ʲôʯҾַʯͷ֣ˮ̶·ӦöİɫʯͷŶԡ
ֻΣգʯͷѾǱȥһعʱֻˮϲϷڵ˻룬ҲǱȥ
һ޹飬Ϊ֪ǱˮףȴǲģǱȥ֮ѾʧȥʯͷӰããһƬҳֻ֪ǱĸʲôҲ֪
ұֱͷεʱɼǱֻоЩâԽԽһĪĻ㱣ʯͷ˵ģĹâУһĪʧУҾͻȻеҵȫ͵׹ǿһ
ϸȥˮѾû˸ֻɼرˮ̶ȥҿжϳһˮ׵УҵӼתųȥϾͷĿѣʼǺˮĻУڳ˹ȥ
۾ѹʱȫһطУǰһƬĿĹ⣬ҵ۾Ÿһ죬žֱܵرϣʱŸе浴ˮҵ־ˮ
ٴ۾ΧĿĹ𽥱һƬЩ˷ҵ¶ǷʯͷԼʱҲע⵽һˮ̶ϣո̶׵İѾҳ嵽һˮԴ
̧ͷע⵽ҾȻһò棡
Ҵ˼ӣͻȻعҸոˮ̶߼ʯͷ͡ġĳǸˮ̶
һһò޴ڽˮ̶ס֦ʯţһֱ쵽ڡ͸ڣҿӵĽվһЩȥȴ澹Ȼ಻ڲ֮䣬һԲεʯõȫֻᷢʯͷ
ҺɵؿطһۣʲôطЩԲεķݣҾһĹ档
Ժ͵һͷ
ѵǴ˵еĲгȪҲвôɣֻ֮ǰ֪Ѿĵط϶Ϊ˺ͰɫѪĹһĵطֻ޷Σա
ȻҲߵڣͿһѰ׹ǣȻǲˣԣ˵ԶǴ˵ǲڵģڣҲǲʵʵ룬Ҽһϵйʬ䣡


һʮ ʯ
ʯ֮䣬ֻһȻʯ룬ЩԲεİǻɣͷͷһƬâͷβȻȫַʯͷ
̲סʯͷĴкͷʯ͸һҵ˰ԱҲŷ֣ÿһ϶ֵͼƣ֣ͼʷͼνṹĵͼмơ
ֻǴ·ĹϿԿͬһֱʣҲ˵ҿͼƣĵͼܳͬһط
ԽҺ⾿ʲôطҾĿȥʯͷֱ֮ʱҲŷ֣νĲҲֻᷢʯͷ̶ɵġ
һŰһȦĶпڵģȥֻߴĿһʯͨ棬ԥһ£ȥ
ֱȥ֮Ҳŷ֣һƿ֮Ķ漸ȫʯͷףǿַʯͷĿ󶴡
Ǳĺۼϻɢ޴ľʯʯ飬ҼСһʯ飬뿴ʯͷηģʯͷȥ˵Ϳˣ
Ȼ뷨ҲֻѣΪҸû˼Щͷ⾿ʲôʯͷ
Ӳ֪Ķ滷һ飬ûзֱĶǾʹȥ
ǾʱͻȻһСһͷȥȴ֪ʱֻԭʯͷ֮ͻȻһƬӰЩӰ޵У𽥸ǹʯͷĹâʯĹһ˲
ֻ˲ĹʯҵĹͿʼʧֻ޴ӰҹĻһǽ֮ϣǵϻɢһЩʯͷʯֻѾһƬڰ
Ҿ̵ؿĪӰҿóƶƮɢһڷʯ֮дţ֡Сˮȵʯͷϵһ֪ʯͷǱģұ쳣
ֺɫṇ̀ûþɢʯٴλָ֮ǰĹȴʯѾʯڱָ˺ܶ㣬ÿһжʮߣֺɫһֿҿĪؾ£էһȥôôľ׿
ɫľʲôҰγȻʩ˵ҵʯͷذ׶ĶĥƶɵģôҲӦʯͷذһŶԣŻʯϺɫĵطʵ֤Ȼ룬Ի
һϲǼϵػ˽ȥȻҿԭʯͻȻʳ˺ɫճҺ壬Һһʱʯһ־ҵȳζҸϽסڱǣζȴ޿ײ룬̲סһضģ⾿ʲôȥǷϷڵѪҺһ
ԶһЩⶫȴԴԴϵشҽʯڶѾȾ˺ɫⶫϣҲסˣȻѸٵ˿󶴡
ʱһͷһĿ󶴣ҺѾȫסˣǽϵĺɫȴûյƣѲⶫ޾Ĳɣ
ʱͻȻ˺һСģ
תͷȥȴʯͷ֪ʱѾվʯڴʯͷһǱһɣ
ڰ棬Щ⣬ߵ£ңʲôǷʲô𣿡
ҾҲͲԼʯͷԴԴĺɫҺ壬˵һѪ
ȻѪֲûȳţʯͷֿ˿Щʯͷҿܸӣƺ֪ƺ֪֮˵ôǼǲ£
ȻʯͷȷҲʧȥһּ䣬ѵʲôرĶǣ
ҾںҲ²Ҳûж壬Ǹʯͷⶫȥƺֹסˣ֪᲻֮ڵǺܻܿᷢ¡
ҺʯͷѸٴӿͷİ˵ҲٸʱɵĹģǳ󣬶ʮֽҪõʯͷ
УԣҪȥмʯϣмĸʵʯʧͷĹâ֮УҵĲ²⣬â֮ϺܾܿǱڶҲ˵ڶҲ²᲻ʯ֧˵ǳҲ˵һ
ʱʯͷȴһֱüͷ˵ʯͷɵַ֮࣬ʯͷûбعûгֹҺԵǣⲻͭ󣬸Ҳų˿ұĿԡ
ҰѸոտĺƵ뷨ʯͷʯͷ˵ʯͷĲȻƣȫðʯɵģһ壬ľȻγɵİʯ͵ص̶ɣǴ￪ɶȥġ
ôĻһ벻ǸʲôҪʯͷѵ췿ݷ̨
һûķ̨ǻᷢģͷҲˡ
˼һʯͷͻȻ˵СģΩһģֻһ£ȥʵ̫˼ˣȴΩһܹϵ¼ǴӲʣص㣬жʯͷ󡣡
ʵʲô£
ʯͷһؿңȻһһٵ˵˵еŮ洲죡
һ㶣Ȼҡͷ񶨵ôܣǱϾ񻰴˵ôԵģ
ʯͷȴۼ˵ǵȻ񻰴˵ʷȷʵŮˣڿǵʱĸϵϲ졣Ϊ˽ϲֿĲ壬ʮһķӭȢ˲ʮŮ洣ЩѾǲʵһºܿǵʱǶһЩȻĲɵĶﴫҲʯΪ˲죬ʲô罽ʲôڣ
Ҿʯͷ˵Щ˵ȷн޷һЩ¹ôʯͷ˵ģҪһڣŻᱻﴫΪڲ죿
ʯͷ˵ɽһֱĪ⣬ұΪɾʯôضִˮһƮļ󣬶ɽƸʣվɽϿĻȷһɽΪһĸоôɽϳֵľ޴ȱڣͺױΪһӣҪǣֻҪȱڴ󵽵ʱ˶޷ôͻᱻݵӣ
˵ôɽϵľ޴ȱ֮£ܾܿһˮĵºӣºӵˮһǳڴˮбγǰδеĺ֡
ò˵ȷһ󵨵Ĳ²⣬Ҷסˣʯͷ˵ɽظԭ׶ԭϲɽ֪ݴ½ˮԴЩطôﴢˮȫǰδеĺ֣Ҳ˵ֿȫеģֻɵɽôһ޷ľ޴ȱڣ


һʮ Ԥ
ҾһԺ֣ϸȥȴʲôҲûУʱѾʵʯ֮ǰ涼ڣӣȴЩʯͨÿһλþһt䣬ȷͼ๤õġ
Һʯͷȥվ棬¶ֻܿһۣͿ˴ǸӿĺɫҺ壬룬Ѿ˿󶴣
£ǵøϽ뿪Уʱһûг⣬ҲᱻȳҺ
һ·ǶûзмֵҲʯһأżһ߿ݹǳ֣ҲʲôǳϼߣͷĹâҲԽԽ
ͨȥģֻûһâ֮УҺʯͷһۣʯͷȽȥ˵ûбڶĸоȥҿʧڹâ֮Уȥ
ֻоȫһƬâ֮УǰԼԼԿʯͷ㱵Ӱӣȴ֪ЩǿҵĹǴ﷢ģΪǷʯϸ֮ŷЩĹǴӷʯġ
ȻҿʯͷͻȻͣԭأ۾ضЩʯͻȻ˵һֱ룬ҪʲôȱڣһʯͷȴҪʯͷһҪۻȥСģ룬ȱһֱˮĻЩȥҽǻᱻߣԶԶ̬ʯͷã
ķȱڿ϶ǵĵôǳԵĵô᲻ʯͷվԭأüͷţȻͻȻڣҲӦȥ֮ſ½ۣܾº͵֮Ѳĸϵ
˽ȻĹڣ֪ôģȴ³ӣʩ³ߵʱһҪ뿪Ϊʲô
Ұľ̫˵ǾѾ˵֮ŵķ֮ڣǸӦѾ˸أνĵ֮ȴһƬʯɽûνĹ⾿һδԵĿ£˵ֻ֮Ƕﴫ
ҾöﴫĸʺСֲֻ¼ûзʯͷƺҲֻһӣǰߣתͷʱҿԭ̨ͻȻٵһӰָоǵ˲Ϩĸоٶȿ˸ûзӦѾʧΧһƬЩҿ϶ǲжͷ
ʯͷѾֹס˲ӣͻȻؿʯ棬ĿҿѾذϣȻԥؾͲʯ档
ʯͷذײȥʱ͵洫һȻͿԭʯ֮ͻȻһںڵİߵ㣬ߵԽԽ󣬽żҾͿʺѪ
ˣҾһŲ˼顣
ҵһӰʯлʯͷѸٰγذףǿٵز˽ȥ
һʯмûгκεķʯͷذװγҿոձذײǵطӰɢȥ±һƬֻѪҺʯš
ʯͷһ˵ȸϽȥһֺܲõԤУ
Ҳ龰Щ죬Ǻʯͷӽ˲ߣǸոշʯĵطڵһǳΪҸо˺ܳʱ䶼ûߵڴ
ֻ˺ܾ֮ҸоĹâɢȥΧķʯѾָͨʯڣâ򽥽ʧһƬ谵ʯͷ˵ѾԶˣǸӼӽ˲ӣҸеķ紵˽ҿȻ⡣
ҺʯͷǴһεʯ߳ģʯӦɽ´İɽǳ֮Ϳ˽𾪵һĻǽһƬƽأƽһƬ棬˵ľʯ
ҿʯͷһʯֻʯͻȻһ¡Ҹе𶯣ҲͷȥŷǸո߳ʯȻ̮ҺʯͷϽⱼȥʱҲע⵽ЩݵʯͷѨȥģûһʯͷһĪ
ֻһҵġ¡ʯʯͷ棬˵ҺǳĿ죬ͱˡ
ʯͷȴҡҡͷ˵ǲᱻ棬ΪǳˣŻ̮룬Ҳԣȴ벻͸еԭʯͷҲû˵ȥ˵ȥвһջҲ˵һ
̧ͷʱȴɽĽ紦һƬɫӰһ⿴ȥһƣҺڵ쳣ȻŴɽĺ¶һС㣬ѾһĪĿ־壬ʯͷҲˣ˵³ȷһʣ
ȻҺʯͷȥطǷľ޴ʯͷѾʴòӣѾ˺ܾˡ
ʯͷ˿ط˵벻Ի͵ĹȻǽ
ʯͷʲôط
ʯͷҽ˵Ǵ˵еʯͷųǣAӹķԴأ
˵ѾߵЩ֮䣬ҿЩʯͷ̳ɺֵģʯͷ˵ڿʲĖAӹԴԻ͵ĶأȴһҹʧǨʲĖAӹȻڿʲһһģһĶǣǷĶʼǷģѾ޷ٴνֺĽȴ벻ȾȻڵ֮УѹѰҶҲ
Щʯ֮ϣгɶѵʬǣܿЩǶĲкȻҲ˵ģȴ١ʯͷųǵķϼûĶЩʯͷ涼ĥ÷ǳ⻬ʯͷһһ߹ߵĺӰҸȥЩͻȻֵĺڰһ㷵Ĳ
ֱңѾ뵽˵֮ŵľ̫ǵĶ黹ǻڵȴȥǻ͡
ʯͷȴ˵ľ̫ǲᵢģûгȥֱǾ
ʯͷľ̫ĶѣȻϤƢԣҲٶ˵ʯͷһʯ£ҰѴʯķʯóҿ⣬ȥһһ
ҽӭ̫˿Щ͸ûһɫҾ̾⾿ʲôĲʣȻһҲʯѷɫ
Ҳֻһ˲ĹѣҾͿڲʼںڵİߵ㣬ߵڲֻǲһ̵ĹѾʯͷҽõǰٿʱѾͨҺɫʯͷ
ҾȵĿһĻʯͷɵӺʹУǷʯ
ҾȵʱʯͷȴѾֱؿʯ飬ʲôһ˵ʯͷǻģ
ҽŽɵؿʯͷȴһùʯ飬Ȼذ׽һֻǰɫҺɫֻһƤѡ
ʯͷսʯ鿴˿˵㿴мɼ·ȷǻģ


һʮ 
˵ʯͷʯµݻظң˵ﲢһ򵥣
˵һΧֻЩʯһֱŶ治ߵɽ´Ӷȥʯͷذף˵ǵɽµͷȥ
ҽ鷢ʯպãʯͷɽȥƬɽ´Ӧʯͷųǵһ֣ΪɽҿԿʯɽ´رɽ´ϣԿһ޴ʯǽȻЩưܣ
ʯͷȥҽֱɽ´ϵʱҲŷ֣ʯͷųɽ´ĺ棬ֻ޴ʯǽڹų࣬һֱɽʯӵɽ´滹õʯͷǵһִɽ´ϵĿгǳһ㡣
ʯͷǶʯǽΧסǴ¿˿ȻûпڣҺʯͷߵʯǽϣʯǽ˵Ҳʮ׸ߣȻ̮һЩ𻵵ĲأʯǽϿĻƣĳͼڡ
ôߵʯǽ޷ȥģҺʯͷʯǽ˺ܳһΣּ˾Զʱ⣬ǳضѾ̮ˣʯǽȴȱ涼бʴĺۼ
Ҿһֺܲ˼֣ȴʯͷ˵Сģ㿴ûб䵽ǽڣ
ʯͷ˵ָűǽʾҿҿ˿ֻһƬ̫䲻ӰѣûʲôֵֵġʯͷȻҿôͿ϶вһĵط߽һЩŷֱǽڹȻͱ̫ǽںܲһΪΪ̫ûյԵԱǽɫϻЩǵҴս֮ŷ֣Ͳԭ򣬶ǱǽɫͱȽ
ʯͷذװγŲȥȴһ죬ʯͷذֻǽϻһۣʯǽʯھȻ˼Ӳ
ҿʯͷﾪȵɫϾͻָνȥʱͻȻֻ͵ػһ𣬽һıɽ´ͷҺʯͷȥǴɽ´淢ģʯͷ˵ܿľ̫źţѾ֪ǲʯˡ
ûźŵǵһľ̫Ķ鵱У޷Ӧǣôľ̫ǼȻѾźţô̽ǾڲǸλӦǣ
ʯͷȴ˿̫˵ڵķλľ̫ҪķλžУÿӷʯͷȴ
Һʯͷɽ·Ͽʯǽ£ƸߣֻҪľ̫ǳ֣ǵһ۾ܷ֡
ǿʯ˻ûһӣҾ͸еһʪģΪʯǽ̫ԵʣϾ¶ȲߣԶɽ´ϻŰããѩ
Ҿ;òԣΪҸеҵĺƺˮʣվһ󱳣Ȼʪһ飬ҿʯǽʱȴ淢ʯǽҲʪһƬ
ʯǽȫʯͷˮ
ʯͷվһ󱳣ҲʪһƬע⵽ʯǽĲʯǽոʪǽ˲ֱ˸ɺԵģֻȥЩʯǽѵһ麣಻ɣ
ʱҲŷʯǽɫڱ䣬ոʱǻҰɫģǱɫһЩҲֻǻҺɫֻôһСĹȻѾ˺ɫһ
ʯͷˣȴذڵ֪뿴رĳʪ̶ȣΪҲʯǽɫ仯ͺˮйءʯͷ˰߶ȴûзְˮգҲǸɺԷƣˮû٣ʯͷһͱļû
Ҿһìܵʯǽˮ˷ḻΧȴ÷һʲô󣿶ڵɽ´ѾܸߣȱˮǺ£˵ʯǽҲ˷ḻĺˮŶԡ
ؿһۣҲҲеľֻʱգʱ򣬶ɽ´ѾԿľ̫ǵĶ飬ƺҲѾǣԶԶسǻ֣ҲվӦǣȻַһźŵسǶ
ʱȴǵ͵ؿһ֧飬Ϊվŵɽ´ȽϸߵԵʣԿüɽ´֮⣬ľ̫ɽ´ϣҿһֱӴĶҲǶҾһ£ʯͷʯͷǻ
˵ָľ̫ɽ´ϵĶ飬ҸӾȵǣǵƶٶȷǳ죬ֻһСĹǾȻѾɽ´ϣҪɽ´Ϸҿ˿ľ̫ǵĶ飬ǲ˲ɽµĵء
еЩԾͬʱֻʯͷһ⣬ˣ
ʶʲôһ۾ľ̫Ǻɽ´ʱҲԼǹǴսӴþһֻӣ
ʯͷѾɽߣ˵ǵøϿ֪ͨǣٶȷǳ죬ϣ֮ǰҵǣ
˵ʯͷѾ滬ȥҲͣҲϽȥҲʱͻȻһҵķشľ̫ǵķ򴵹һɹ䣬̲ס˸սҿһѾʧɽ´棬ǵٶȣܿͻľ̫ǣȴ˿
ʯͷٶҪҿܶ࣬Щ׷ͷ˵СģҸطײˣⶫаǴ˿ɾ鷳ˣ
˵֮ʯͷֳȥ˼׵·Ҷԭأһطεĵط࣬Ϊ˵ȫǾʯֻҪȥͿԣֻҵĵʯͷǣһ֮ǰľ̫ǣôǶΣգ
ûǷĲ£ǲʯͷĻ͸ȥ
ֻԥһ㹦ͻȻеԭɽ´ͻȻһĿ磬һһ󣬾ķɳʱȻɽ´ɻɵһƬԽԽҵơ
氵һãҪǰԤףҲͷ˿ߵһƬӰ֪ʱϷðһЩһ޴ױǱϯһ
ҼӽµĲӣʱҼѾ޷ʯͷټɽϵķɳԽԽﱾûֲһɳһɽ´һɽ´ϯЩɫɳתųմȥէһˮһ
֪ͻһɳ紵ѾʮֳǰױɳһƬ谵ѣֻһʯ϶棬ﰵʯͷǲҪ²źá
ԼûһӵĹɽ´ѾһƬɳĺȭͷʯͷ˿УҶھʯķ϶ֻһƬɳʯľ񣬶߾Ƿھʯŭȥ󣬾Ӵľھһ
ұɳò۾ֻס˿ڱǣɳӣⳡͻķɳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ֱܾ֮ſʼɢȥ
ҸеɳСһЩŴӾʯǸҾͿǰһźɫķɳϯųʯͷȥڷɳԼԿһӶӵ˹棬ʮѸٵغɳһӿʯͷ


һʮ ʯͷ
ҹ˲ѾԶȥǳʯͷǵķѸٸȥǵҷɽ´¿ʱȴûпľ̫һ˵κټһһܣȴһӰҲûУҲֻͷһۣŷָոյɳѾķ
ãȻرɽ´֮䣬һܵ˸ոľ̫ǵķλÿһԲĵطˣûǵİټҲ֪ǻȥͷһֱȥ룬ǾҲþƽ޹ʵʧѽ
ҽɽ´վţһʱ侹û⣬ʱͻȻԶɽʯعҿһ˴ˮͷվ񿴵ϣһ߹ȥǿ˵ʱȴ͵վԭأľ̫֡
Ҳˮ̶߷ʧٵʬ壬Ҳ֪Ǽ٣˵ʧǾʬ壬վԭز֪òúѾңҲס֣һСĶү
ӲͷƤӦҿ˿ȴûˣôֻһˣأ
ȴҡҡͷ˵ոշɳ̫ʯͷ˵ʯͷû˵꣬ɳʯ;ʲôҲˣæ֮¶һݴɳɢȥŸճͿң˾ôҲ֪
ҿӲѣ˵ľҲոյĴɳȷ̫ˣ߷ʲôǲģҸոǷ磬ȫ԰˸
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ͷǾͿԿ϶һʯͷʱҲˣԲű⸱ģҵСĶүĶ
ҰѸովҲ˵һӣľ̫µˣľ̫Ǹʲôģȴû˵Ҿðģܿһʬ⣬ǾʬʧҲĪֻԺһƬңҲȥЩҶ˵ǱʯͷҲ˵һûУ
ıϵı˵ˣһʯǽʵ̫ߣûӸȥҺʯͷ߸Ϲڻ·ϣǷһӦľ̫е˵ģոļȻûз֡
ҲԽ϶Ǳʯͷʵֻһҿ϶ǷȫҲЩ
ӿܿҵ˼ο˵ľ̫ʯͷǾḻ֣Ӧòµģұż
ֻǿһЦҾЦȿ޻ѿܼҵ˲ŽѾ˳δ֪Ҳ£ӦҳǰĵģҾĺڰ޳ֻҪҳУ֧Ľֻȫûô浣
ҳһųˣǺɵˣȥҲĲ̣˼Ҷ˵µؾҪʱ׼Įӱ˵Լ׼ˣȴ޷ľؿΧһ£οеĶԵɣΪԼ
ҺĬĬߵʯǽϣһȱڵĵطһڶϿϣȷϲȥ
ǽͷϣӸȻȥҺһۿտʯͷǣ߽ȥ
ʯǽΧŵʯͷǸķ棬ĿڿյһѾҳεʯˣҼͭһģһһϿԿ϶֮ǰͭ˾Ƿģͭ˾ʲô˼ȴ֪
ڿյַһЩƺľ̫еģʱĶһǴһ뵽ʯͷδʯǽȴ֪
ʯǽ涼ûпڣ϶лؿԽ򿪣ȾסʯͷγȥģܲÿγȥҪǽѵ÷߱ڣÿγȥɳȥȻǲܵġ
ʯǽι̣һеĵȻһʲôҲ֪
ҺӴʯǰĿյأƬյҹǰסĵطɽ´¶ʯͷǲкܿǵʱǣֻ﾿ʲôܣΪʲôȥ棬ֻǽȥ֪֮
ӱϾǸľ̫ˣҪ࣬ҸоһˣܾЩԾر۾濴˽թζҶʼնôһ˿ĲΡ
Һʯͷǰ棬ǰǾ޴ʯţصĿ˿ʯʵ̫ˣǸողŵ̳һ㣬ʯͷǵưһ㶼ƣҲ࿴ʯţֻʯŵһصԲͼ֮⣬
ʯǽŵģǰȥƿãƿֻʯźܳأҼȫһС죬ƣֱƳһݵǽŷʱǲͣ£Ȼ߽档
ϵǣ汣ĺãȻ濴ưܣİûյκεʴرڴϵһʯʮĿ
һһİڷȴһĳΪ漸ָʯǱʯϣʯҿĻƣǼõơ
ߵʯǰʯϿ֣һҲǖAӹеԣ֪AӹõģҲģȻ
ȴӿúЩȵʣ㶮ģ
ӵͷ˵ȵʱѧһЩ֪ǫ˵һĻῴͶ룬ҲãҲ֪ʯдʲô֪﾿ʲôط
ӿٵؿ֣ҿԽ¿ɫԽѿʱѾ̲סдʲôش˵ǖAӹǨʱµıġ
жϣһʲôѣԲŻǨסĺúõģôǨʲȥʲһƬɳĮôܺȡ
Ӹң˵ʯǨҪԭΪ﷢˺ֵ¼ǾǴĳһ쿪ʼＸÿҹʧ٣ҵڶͻԶɽ´ɽʯ䷢ʬ壬ʯ˵ʬ۾˲˼ĵزѪ˿Ŵţ˫Ͻζҵȫȴûκε˿ڣ״ɲ
˵ͻȻǽ֮󿴵ǸˣȻǶʯͷ֮У״һģһڽ֮ǰľ̫ͺ˵˵Դ֮ŵ˲֮󶼻ᷢϿ⣬ʱЩ˵״Ҳӡ
ǷǴʲôرĶڼ˶ˣΪ״Ǳģ
Ҳ֪Բԣӽ˵Aӹ˿ϡ٣ľһһŹֵŪĻ̻̣Ǩ뷨
˵ȴֻѣʹǳǨģȴǺ¡


һʮ ⷢ
ʲô£ʯȴûо˵˱ʶȡˣǽ˵һʮҪҪҪ
ʯϿ³ӣ˵³̫ɽ֮һҹһʣʯͷһҹһֺĳǳһҹ֮ΪһƬ棬ֻʣ»ǽ
Ǿʲôʣʯֻδᡣ
¾ûˣ˵ʯϾͼ¼Щݣ֮Ҳʯϼ¼ݺִܲ٣ӖAӹӦǽ֮Ǩģæ֮½ʯںܶϸڲûü
ʱȴ˵һʮ𾪵£ǾǖAӹŮģ˵λܳĹʮʱｨʯͷǡ
˲ƺҵʲôϵһ֪˵Ҳ֪һ㣬Ȼ˵ʱ;ͣһࡣ
ӦǖAӹǨ֮ǰ£˵AӹǨƾͷ뿪֮ȥ֮ʧ٣ŖAӹͷشıʣϢǨƵ˿ʲΪΪڸ﷢һ࣬ǵʱܳ˹޵Ļԡ
ʩ˵³֮ǰһҪ뿪ĻʩǴʱˣ˵Ҳһǧ꣬Ҳ˵ʱѾ³Ĵգ뵽֮ǰķʯʯͻȻһֲ²⣺Ůɽȱڣ᲻³յԴ
ҽһ²²⣬Ӧÿ꣬ȱھͻ´һΣһһǰδеѣAӹʯϲûἰˮô˵Ǻ֣ϸոշЩףӦһֲֿѣȫǺˮɽЩģ
תʯı棬뿴滹ûļأʯȴû֣ȴһʯͷ״Ķ棬ʯıһι״ʯͷȴǸʲô
ʲôϲϵãӿһۣ˵ʯӡʯʲôʯΪʲô
ҵЩʺȻҲѵӣʾҲֻ֪ʯӣʲ㷺ږAӹƺһصʲôҲͲ֪ˡ
ʯٿ㣬³߻죬ҲԶˣ治֪ǷܻŶȹһ
һֹߣ˭˵׼أҲȥ룬ڴĴתתͣʯϹʯ棬ŷ֣Щʯûп֡
AӹȻŮôЩӦúܳһ£ЩʯƺλǾӦΪˣֻ治дκ䣬ȴҾЩ֣һʱҲ¶ۡ
Щʯаߣ˼ģϸ⣬ײе֧ţ񣬶ĺ滹һʯʯƳơTֵ״Ҳ֪ǳʲôĿģҿ˿еʯƶӡ
Ӽˣȴ˵ڼɽǹ棬Щʯƴľɽôһѣ˵һ벻һ˵Щʯƻɽһ
˵ɽϣرǶɽƸ߰ΣľɽԵø߶⣬ԽȥͻᷢɽϣЩʯһģһ
֣֮Ĳһţ֪ͨ޷ȷЩǷн棬ʯͷҲֻǿԽĵطǽֻȥ
ҺӴӲŽȥǲŽûȴ;סˣ֮Ȼû·Ҳ˵û·Ӧһ·Ϊ澹Ȼһ£Ǿͽ֮ϣɽ´ɽ壬ӦҲǵһֻ֣ͨȥѾٵˣΧʯŵĲк
˵ҲжʮΧһɫĹ⻬ʯڣûпĵطվ棬ж
ҺӶһۣ˵ôԶľ룬ûκοʸĵ㣬ӣҲȥΪӸûпסĵط
ֻص֮Уȥ濴ǵߵʯǰʱȴԭһʯѾºϣʯŽӺϵʮֽգҴ޷ʯƲƿġ
ʶǱˣʯΩһĳڣطֵʯɣҲΪǿƿôӲӴʯͷȻȥ
ӵԵñȽ򾲣˵ʲôؿԴʯŻȥµһͷҲ˵һ˵Ѿ
Ȼ޴󣬵ǲȴܼ򵥣мʯ湩ʯƣæһȴһվʯǰǸ˵ʯӵڿⶫȴԽԽ졣
ҲߵʯǰϸϸһʯȻҾ˲һʯǿյģ
ǷʲôһϲңȻתʯƣҿʯ
ֹһʯʲôҲûУ񲻿ϧҵĻû˵ڣѾ˫ʯƳʯȥ
ȥʯһҲûУֻʯȴͻȻʯ飬ʱһأŷ֣ʯҲǿĵģҲǿĵģ滹ж
ʯѵͬʱЩһӾ͹˳ȻһſŴĥʮֹ⻬ʯ飬ҿʱһֻ㱣һͷʯӣǼ֮ȷǣֻͨʯ顣
ǖAӹΪʲôҪĥ˹⻬ʯʯ棬ʲô⣿
ҽЩʯҲƺһɻЩʯһеôAӹԵ޹ʵؽʲô϶ǳԱ˳ŵġ
ЩʯӶʳָͷСҺӰɢʯȫſڵϣȴ䷢ִĵϣȻСס
ЩСĸһ飬ʵʱǾѾˣЩĿʯĽϴ忴ȥͼʱΪһװΣҲûôģڿЩʯ飬ҲЩǲǱ⣬ŽһʯŽȥȴʯպܹ˳Źȥ
ܹʯȥǱŴ˺ܶ౶һҿԲ²⣬ЩһֱӵºĲ֡
ҲϣҾͷ˲һĵطΪҸеĵƶҲʱʯͻȻȻֹֻ䡱һеһʯȻݣþˣҺӶһ
ҸϽֱߵݵʯԣֻǺڶһƬֱң׵ԨܾܿǺ͸ոǿĶһġ


һʮ ɾ
ƺӦ֤ҵĲ²⣬ʯԶжϣԨ˵Ҳʮס
Բͨһֻأÿ׶һʯ飬ͻһʯ׹ҿ׶ʯûһһָϵҲ˵ſڴĿһʯ飬ܿȴǴͷʯ׹䡣
Һʯ飬ȴ׶һŽȥΪԶ֪һ׹ʯ˵ǽ²ŵ顣
ΪʲôҪһأȴЩʯ飬ʯȴصĺܽܣҲ˵ⲻһ壬ǲĻôʯΪʲôݣ
ӷӦѸ٣˵ֻ֪صԭʽֻ˵ҲʯʯӾĻͼģ
ҽŽɵؿӣӽ͵˵֪һֻأƴͼһǱҵȷȺ˳򣬺ͻһʧҺԽ࣬ʧҲԽ࣬ôƴͼõĿռԽ٣ֱʧĵط̫࣬û㹻ĿռƴҪͼôռͻȫݣͺһһŲ̽䣡
Ҳļ̌ۿ˸ո׹ʯ飬ļ룬ΪʯȱʧƴճʯͼôǻûʼѾʧˣ
˵ǻлᣬ˵ʯûȫݣ˵ǻ㹻Ŀռ䣬Һվʯ棬ϸؿʯͼҲʱҲ͵ط֣ʯı棬кϸСĿ̺ۣЩ̺һ໥ţǺָһӷ֮̽۾棬ֻ˵СĶүĵɶٿʯƴճɵģ
֪ӵ˼ʯϵĺָܾܿͶӦŴʯĿ
ߵʯǰʼŵʯÿһ鶼һ˳ʮ飬жʮ飬˳һʮ顣
ͬʱҲѾʯϵĺָҲǳʮʮܹʮ飬ϵһģһҲ˵ӵĲ²ûдʯʯӾҪڴҳͼ
ȷ㣬˵ҪԷλĶӦҵؼĵطȴʯϵһͷǶӦʯŷģһͷǶӦŴͷģãŪҲǰ
ʯϲûȷķλʶûв⵹һ⣬룬ͻȻߵѾݵʯǰȻǰȷʯλãȻʯ϶ͼȥ
˵Ȼǰȫģô˵ݵʯ鲢ʯӵͼ֮УżʯĶ͵ײӦʯŵĿڴʯݵλȥֻҪҵʯ鲻ͼһˣͿȷʯʹĶӦϵˡ
Ҳòӽ򾲵˼ȷʯݵλãȻʯȻһ󣬷ʯӦΪʯŵĻôݵλͼ֮еģʯײӦΪʯŵĻôݵʯպòͼıԵ
Ҳ˵ոʯλʯǰƶһʯλãڹѾȫˣڹҲѾ׹䵽Ԩˤˡ
λȷҳʯӵͼӵ˵Ǳ뽫޹صʯȫȥôĻزŻرҵ˵ʯŻԶ򿪣˵һ֮ͨڵֻͨǶ޷Ķ
ʲôǶҪһԣϸоͼʯӵҲĸһСףȴÿָУҲ˵ֻҪֵĿ׶ʯŽȥͿԣĿ׶ʾ
˵Ҫܶʯ飬ܹʯܻУȰЩʯռĻضӦʯĿ϶ǸոպõģһСǺСģΪ˷ֹʯ齦䶪ʧԼ·ڵϣȻʯ໥ûСʯһſŵÿһʯơ
ֱͷеʯƶöϣõʯ飬ʯȷĿ֮ſʼѰҷʯλá
˵ڵĸ׶ÿһ׶һŽȥͻףⶼǲḶ́һ޷ĵġҲ˵ÿһʯ飬Ŀʯ׹䣬ĸ׶ٷһţؾͻʧЧҲ˵ʣĿ׶Ŷʯ鶼ǰ״
ҸѰڴѰҷλʯ飬ʯҳӦĵط
ӶһҪСģЩطһ׹ģҰЩʯʱҾܵվͼ֮ڣҪʯĵطǻͼŲġ
ӵĻȴﲻԾһʱȴ벻һ֮УƺûвԾĵط
һ·¼̫࣬Ҳ˶ɵԸԳЦЦ̧ͷʱȴ͵ؿӶϵıĿ⡣
Ŀ⿴ͷĪһͳЦңСĶү׼ûУ
һ˵Ĺоһǵͷ˵Ѿ׼ˣ
ӱͷȥʼһҪʯλãҰ˵λϸѰţҵ֮³ٴѰһ飬ȷ֮վ˵İȫλãһſŵĸ׶ｫʯŽȥ
ֻȺڽʯԽԽ䣬Ȼһͻġ¡𣬵һʯݣǵڶ飬飬Ŀ飡
䡱ٵԨﴫʯ鱻ҿѾ׹ʯ飬Ƿֲȫûйĸλãȴ˵һǶͼ֮УҲӵ˵ӵĲ²ǶԵġ
ӴӺ߳˶׹Ŀʯλãȷߵʯ֮վʯʯͼ룬ҲԽҾʯԲֻǼ¼˖Aӹһô򵥣һб;
Ҳݵļ϶ͻȻʶһܲ˼£˵ʯ鶼׼õģӦÿһҪŽȥĿ׶ҸոҲ¿ʯӵͼҪʯĵطҸոշʯǸλȥԶҲ˵ǸλòҪʯĵطȴһŽȥôеʯӦһŲŶԣΪʲôոĿȴոպã
ʱڷָոΪʲôһĲȴΪԵʣѲص˶һʯ飿
һŽţվʯѾʼ˵һλǻعٲ룬ֻϣʵ롣ҵһλʯһſŵطŽȥǾڷŵĸ׵ʱȴط֣ϵʯĲͬžȻʯӣ


һʮ ʯ
Ǵһ͵شԭأӵ𣺡СĶүôˣŵĿʯȥֻҪһʯ鿪ʼ׹䣬µĻؾͻῪĻؾͻᱻرգʯ䲻ȥˣ
ֻŵһͶȥʯѾ쵽£ʱҸѾû˼ʱ䣬ǺԥؽʯͶ˵ĸ׶
ʯӹȥ֮󣬽ʯ׹ġ¡𣬵һʯѾݣұ۾֪ʯǷܺʯһء
ǰʯݵŵĿʯڲϻѾһ亹ʧܣǾǳʧˡţĿʯȻһžҵسһͷһӣȴҾĴָҴźɵĿ⿴ȴ֪֪֪顣
Щӵģʯⶫʵ̫ˣһ֪ⶫ˵ǴʯóҲһװµվѾʼ˵һλá
ҺĬţеʯ鶼꣬ʯݵֻʣһʯӵӣһӴʯ߳Ǿһվʯ״ĵϣصȴſܷһĻ
Ƭֻ֮ǵĽ¿ʼһҿʯ³һʯ̨ͻʯ̨һʯͷڵʯӡ
ʯаô״ʯ̻һģһʯͷȫֺܲ״ǿȥֲͬһʯͷһĪظСʯ̨룬͸˿ߴʯᴩʯ̨ϣҺǰȥҲؿʯӣȴڣСĶүá
Ҳ֪Ҫʲôǰߵʯ̨ǰֻʯϵһ߸ϣʱһ΢ڴصţһƵġ¡ƺǴӴġ
ȻȻͻȻЦҾЦѿϸûл˵ϢһˣĪһʧٵǾʬɣ
ͷҵԺһţȻңžߡΪʯѾĹϵֻһʯ黹ͨĲţ棬ǺڰԨЩ¸ߣǲ棬ֻһԼҪ߹ȥǰͷĪһЦԽ⡣
߹˴һͷһ۴龰Ȼͽ˲棬ȥ֮ҲŷֶµѾһʯţҲ֪ʯγֵģӴߴ˵ֻмӵʱȥʯ֮ʯžͻʧ
ҾӶĻغϤȫֻһô򵥣Ҳ˵ЩʱҺѸٴʯţµһߣҪµһͷȥʱֻǺһոյʯͻȻѣ޴ʯ׵Ԩ֮У뻹ûô飬ҪϵʱͶѵĻǻð״
ûʲôı飬Ҷµһߵȷһǣֻǲ֪ΪʲôҪӲǱѳ룬ȻҲ͵𣬸ոʯ׹䣬ȴûκЩϳ
뵽͵ܵ±ϣ濴ȥȴָףһƬڰӼͻȻ±ܣһҵСĶүҪ
ҿ˿òһ޵Ԩɣͷ˿Ԩʧɽ´ͷߵ͵ͷȥԨѵϿĺ蹵
ţѾߵߣҵСĶүû°ɣ
˵ʵҺһ·֮һôͻȻŵһϤζҲ࿴һۣȴÿת˫ۣһӾҪ
ԶȥҼȻѾϳͲӵѸץס·˵˳ǲǣ
ҿһȻ͵˦ңΪܣȴûУһؿңСĶү˵ʲôأӰ˳ʧ
ҲΪ˵˳װˣѾŵϻݵζֻҪ̫үԺӵģζ
һ㶣Ҽ̾˿˵СĶүһ㡣
ȴش˵ûҲǣôôóʵеµģľ̫ôһˣôῴ٣
˳𴩣ȴЦȻ˺ϵƤߣƤֳ֮òֻűΪʱ䲻Ĺϵȥܲ԰ףһһ
ΪʲôҪӵģǷֵʬǲɵģ
ȴûң˵ӣжҲɱġ
͵̧ͷҾѹû˽˳ʵΪʲôҪô
˳˵Ϊ޷жĸ˿ƶǱľ̫ѡģʵǼҵģľ̫үүԲŽҴڶ˹ƣԲöʱ̼ңɱǣҸ޷ȥԼҪ£
ͻȻʯͷ˵û˳ȷһұϿһˣһֱز¶ҾȻɵɵΪֵΡ
ȻܼҵˣΪʲôҪ£
˳ˣȴЦһһ˵Ϊ㣬Ϊƾľ̫үүͿԾǷܹСĶү㻹̫棬үүʵһֱ㣬ȴһ㶼ûв
̧ͷһ˳ʵأҲһֱң
͵һ㶣˵糿ǰʵһ˰ɣһҵʯͷ֪ʯͷѾصǱܼң֪ң԰ҹ˯ҵ˯ΪԻҩ㽫̫үİҶ͵ҷոҾŵϰҶݵζΪ̫үص˵Ҷȥɫζֻ֮ͻһɺζκζڸǲˣҪζһҲŻ
˳ɫ˵ԭ֪ˡ
ޱ飬Ȼ˵ҷðҶݵĿľʯͷټΪأҲ׽Ծ֣ȴû뵽ʯͷ֮ûҹҡ̫үıóֹΪ㱳Ǹ˭ҲﲻڰҶݵĵд뿪ܼңΪѾʶһΣա
˳ȴͻȻЦ˵ܼΣգͲܳ


һʮһ ı
һشȷһôǸ˲ûдΪңΪҾ뿪ܼң̫үҵľ̫һ뿪㱳Ǹ˻һලľ̫һ˵жǱҵİΣ˵ĶԲԣ
˳ȴЦЦ٩˵СĶү֪֮
Ҳĵ٩˵һߺ󣬲Ѿ㣬ǵڶװûӡʵ֤ʱȷҲҵΪȷðҹңºԽԽΣһʯͷµķʯϺܺ棬ڶȴ޶ԣѾһҿʼ㡣ʯͷ˵ҷ㣬ҸӾйŹ֣ҿʼעһһڷʬֳʱҿѸٵץһֻŵʬӣΪһٶ˵ҵѪɱעһǿˣֻǽҵʯ֮УʯͷԺ㡣
˳˵ԭʱѾڻˡ
Ҳɫ˵ҿóܾʯͷһ·㲢кرľٶװһ޺ӡҹ׼˻ᣬȥ͵ʯͷľ̸̫֮ĹϵôҲɹҴʱ䣬֮ͻȻ뿪ʱʬɱӣȻģѾ֪һڣ㽫棬ɱʧٵļ󣬶ȴһֱӵߣؿѰĸǲǣ
˳һؿң˵ҲСĶү㲢˵޶ۣЩԼƶϳ𣿡
ҵͷٴ˵ǴҲһЩΣһ㲻ʬӣڶ
ֱֱؿ˳һһҶеؿһ仯ҶŹҲϣϵֲ¶ˡ
˵㲻ʬӵԭΪСͺЩ򽻵ö֮ͬϢʬЩаһŵϵζΪͬ࣬Ӷ㣬ҲΪʲô׽סʬӣ˯ϣҧӵָҿжϣܼҼסܼҽ棬ܼҵĽؾǿеĺԺҲܼǲǣ
˳Ѿû֮ǰУңһ˵ʵСĶүǶû뵽㾹Ȼ뵽һ㡭
ش˵ѾµǸ˭Ҳܼң¼ңҺҶһģһϵǿĳүү˶ֻǰԺı˵ǿܶѣĻ˲Ĵ£Ĵլﶼ޷˵ܣܾܿͺҪЩйأ
˳ң˵СĶү֪ȻܼҺԺˣҼҿܵжԵ£ΪʲôǺһСĶү
˳һûҡҡͷΪʲô
˳˵СĶүȻܲµǸ˭ѵʶԼ𣿴һʼܼҺԺˣȥǣڻǡ
֪˳˵Ĺȥָǡġңתһ룬ġңҾǡġ϶һĪͼҺһˣʵûвҲȥ⡣
˳ⷬҡҡͷ˵Ҳκһ
˳Ҳ˵ֻ˵СĶү˵Ĵֲȴ򵥣ĴΪʲôҪǰԺͺԺ֣֮ʵҲ໥Լͬ໥ƽ⣬аһҪԼȥƽ⣬һʧ˺ⶼǺ¡СĶү̫ζžǺ£һ·ϣΪ̫಻Ҫ
֪ܶʱԼ̫һЩҲ֪ϻ˶ǲоεģ̫үľ̫˳ʯͷȵȵˣǶȫΣȴԸѡȥţΪģҲҲΪˣҲһֱ޷ж
˳Ҿ˵ھʣҺˣ໥¼ɲǿ˷ǿѣˣԻȰȫȥ˵
ƺľ̫Ѿһȥһ㣬ҾؿһȷеĴ𰸣˳֪֪ʲôңСĶү֪ϿΪʲôҪ֮Ϊ֮ţ
ʯͷѾ˵ȻΪصĵµ˳ȴҡҡͷ˵ֻһȻָǰ׵ĺ蹵˵Ҳ޵Ԩﱻ֮Ϊ֮ţһҪԭ򣬾Ϊ͵Ԩ棬Ҷ޷Ķ
͵̧ͷ˳ͻȻ֮ƺѾ뵽ʲô˵Ԩֵԭ򣿡
˳ͷ˳˼·ȥϾһѵŮұʯΪ˽޵ԨɺϵǣһֱѰŮԨ֮Ͻʯͷǣһ֪⣬ܿܰڿ˱ԨҵʲôҲ˵Ԩйأ
ֻǧټƵҪҵ˳ݱ𴩣ȴҪҺȥĿĺܼ򵥣ҲΪ
ľ̫˵֮ų֮˸ȥˣȻҲ֪ʲôԭ򣬵ǲʵ˳һȥһҪҺ顣
ʵոյȥǲȥԨ
˳Ҳң˵ȥԨ棬Ҳȥ˵֮档
Ҳɻʵﲻǵ֮𣿡
˳˵ﲻǹĵ֮ţΪﾭԵ֮ŵĵ򱻲󣬶ĵ֮ţɽҪȥ֮ţ뾭ţֱţźĵ֮ţǸոѾţҲʯͷǵȴţȥţǵ֮ţûв´ӦǴһȥ˵֮档
ʣΪʲô
˳ӽ͸˵Ϊٹ³ߣԨĶҲȥЩǲȥԨģֱ޵طȥǾֻʣµ֮ˡ
˳˵赭дǴȵļ仰УɵʮҪϢԽҿ϶ʱŮҪȱھԨΪ˷˳˵ĴĶ
Ȼ˳˷˵߰СĶүʱ䲻࣬ʯͷӦú˵³֮ǰǱ뿪֮ţǻҪĵһ֮ǰҵȫĵطɽ
ڻ̲סʣ³̫ɽ֮﾿ᷢʲô
˳عͷ˵֮ÿһǧԾһΣԨĶҲ³ߣպһǧ֪ľ̫ΪʲôҪô֮Ŵ򿪣Ѱʱ


һʮ 
ڸͲҵʲôֻҵʯͷľ̫ǣ˳ҿ֮ҲһΣĵطȻԨһ޵ףҲڵصһ˿ζ
֪ڣȻһ·Ƕ·ʼΪЩĽͣΪǻδֵЩĵһ񶨣ΪЩ޻̸֪֮⣬ȴǹ⡣
˳˵֮ǵԴԼϣ֪˼ţ൱Ѿ˹ŹأѾɲԼ˳һرһΣգԲе֮ƣ˵֮ڣдӵġ
ŵı飬ԼҲҡҡͷ˵ӺͨµصӲͬҪǣΪֵӲӦñΪ֪һ࣬ǸӦñһ塣
һ·ڸҽӵ⣬Ҵ˳ĻҴ¿ԲµûмӣԼܿҲ˵ġڳ¼ǵʱµصĻƺ˵Ĺӵ飬ǵغͿ־壬пĳɷ֣ȻֻҵĲ²⣬ΪûĹӣҲ޴ӷֱ١
˳˵ȻбӵһֽʬᵽԯƵۣ˵Ƶ۵Ůǽʬı棬򲢲ǺЩʬͼԼ˼ж˳˼˵Ľʬ̵̺ģϵı죬ʵͨ˲û
֮Իɽʬ˵˵ȵ䣬ǲôŵģϣ˳һļ⣬˵ɵӣܿʳĳֶµģܿԭܸӣǺȻײ֮¾ͳ˽ʬ
˵˳ͻȻ˶٣ҵ֪ɱɽʬ֮ס𣿡
Ҷʷ֪Ĳ࣬ǱųĬȻ˳˵ڶɽصƲ첢󣬵֪ΪʲôصɽȫʯͷһƬߣȴľïܣ滨ݱ鲼
һûضڼѩɽۣ֮첢󣬶ȴȻ෴Ĳ죬ޱΡ
˳߱˵ͺͶصһϵбйأ̶ܴΪ֮ţ֪֮γɵ𣿡
һαʾ֪˳Ҳµҿ϶֪˵ĳȻ޷׷ݣȴоĴ˵֤ڶصľ޴ȱڣֱӵ˶ʧ͵òڡڿĶѾת˲֪ٱȵʱκ֮ȣı仯ͷŮ洵Ǹʱ
Ů洲죡ҼǾų˳˵ǾȻʯͷһģһ
˳һۣȴû˿ľȣ˵СĶүѾ֪ˣʯͷ˵İɣȱڵҲҲ֪
ʯͷֻ˵һȱڵ£ҲʯͷԼĲ²⣬һʲôȱڣʯͷȴû˵ҡҡͷʾⲢ֪
˳ˣ˵ȱھ޵׶Զ޷ҲԶ޷պϣ֪Ů˴뷨ұķʯסȱڣ벻ɹˡȻǽ֮ǰ£Ҳ޴ӵֻ֪뵽ⷢʯأҲ뵽ŮõĻ᲻ǷʯǻһԣӶԸסһЩѨһ
һα겻αİ취յȱڲŻһǧԾһΣɽڱһ
ȻֻҵĲ²⣬˳ȱڵĻԾ﷢ʲô£
˳˵СĶү㰴ʷǰƵĻͻᷢÿǰƽһǧ꣬ͻһܹͬص㡣
Ҷʷ֪Ĳ࣬ʵʲôص㣿
˳˵һǧǰʱǰһǧ꣬˵ʱǰһǧ꣬˵ʱǰһǧ꣬Ǵˮĳʱ򡭡
˳Щһ˵ÿһξȻǾ˵ɺϣ˳˵صȴΪȱڻԾᵼһϵֵ鷢Щ鶼ûбһǧǰνãһֻɽС꣬ʱɽһµ꣬ɺ黼ɽˮ֣Ŀ澭в˼ľ޺ž޴׵һ𴫳д󵨵˽鿴ȴ˺ˮЩȻֺ֮ڣڷʬȫޡ
Ҿȵ£
˳˵һºͣЪֻѾ֪ȥ򣬶ҹƣȥɽ»صȱ档
Ҳ֪˳Ǵ֪Щ£һǧǰ£˭˵һǶﴫҥԣ
ҵ˵˳ֻҡͷ˵СĶүʵߣ
Ȼ˵ôСĶүʯͷ˵Ů洲ǲ޻̸֮
ʵмŵģҵͷ˳ʵôСĶү֪Ůƽ٣
ֻ֪ʷϵȷŮ˴ڣǾǺʱˣȴ治֪˳ˣ˵СĶүҲ֪һЩеĹˣʮǰѾȥľףȻѾûǶμ䣬ӦûǻġľûΪʲôϴǻҪȥĴȴɷУû˿Ϊľ׺޷ָĹϵ
ʣʲôϵ
˳˵ǾͱἰŮˡ
˳ϸؽһʷϵŮˣҷϢʵֻ̫࣬ԼؾƺѾһǣȴʲôҲˬ
˳˵ŮǷղһλŮڹԪǰ7759ڷݡ16ʱһ˫µĺƤΪƸ飬˽˷ޡ˺Ǳס˷ݣȺĸӣԻ٣Ի壬Ի٣Ի塣
ȻǰЩԹҪں棬˳ڱʷһһ˵һЩҾúܲ˼飬˵
Ԫǰǰ7724꣬гƵۣŮطݣԪǰǰ7719죬ݷ˴ˮʱˡŮ洶סڷݣ֯˳˺«̫ɽ¡̫˵İؽ԰
Ԫǰ7713꣬˴Ǩԭɽ￪µءԪǰǰ7710˷Ůͳݡ
Ԫǰǰ7707꣬ȥŮ洱ƾΪۣۺŮʣδ꣬Ԫǰ7706ΪŮԪ꣬һŮ53ꡣ
Ůʶ꣬Ԫǰ7705꣬ϲŮ洣ΪۣŮŭףϷ山ϡ
˫սĽǹʧܣʲŭϮʥزɽʲ幥ɽ뽨ľ˰׼бϾάʧ׼Ȩļ⵽ƻŮףϹ򹲹ϣһɽԱ
뽨ľ⵽ƻ۲仯ԤⶼУˮ٣ں֪±ͻȻĺˮû˶ڴˮС


һʮ ָӡ
˳һԽЩ¼˵˳ţ´ʲôϸڣǱϾϢ̫˳˵Щֻסһ֣һ֣ҲѾһˡ
˳˵һϵеص㣬ϾͱһȻҷһڵµ߻ˮ棬澿ʲôݵʱȴ
˳Щ֮ҵԺһңֻЩƺѾгһ壬չǰָоǻǴһɢɳ״̬һ壬޷£һ
Ժʱìܵͷһ໥ײţֱҵԺһƬȴʲôҲ
˳ȴֻ򵥵˵ǼҪŮʱܿǷֲѾһԭʼ壬ôӴ
ţ˳ҵϢӴңҵúúУʼվЩϢм仹ȱһЩʲôںܶڶǹģ޷໥ӵһ
˵֮Ѿɽ´ʯͷ˺Զһ·խͨ˳˵ʯͷǷֳ룬ΪޣʯͷѾڣڵʯͷκ˶̤Ľء
ŮΪʲôҪһأιԶԶʯͷǣɻ󲻽ǣŮƴȱڸȴƴҪ俪ⲻԾĹ
ȻЩֻﰵʣȻ˳˵ô࣬ұϾһ·ˣ˵Щֻ֮˵ͷѾ˵˲ܲͿԼˣ£ٲ˵ܡ
Ҳ׷ʣֻ;УͻȻÿһһŲΧţߣŲҲߣͣŲҲͣһΪǵĽŲĻǺܿҾͷֲǣҿ˿˳˳ңСĶү㱳к¿ӺŴ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ûУȻ˳˵ôĻֻⲫˣѾĴӶˣ
˳Ȼݱˣ˵ķʽȴһҲû䣬ҿ뿪Цӣ֪òҲʱͻȻ͵شһֵҶʱ˳Ѿ˵СĶү׼ãⶫһӿɲܱȣ϶ʬץ˾ͻʬ䣡
ʶ˳ո˵ģҿͳһǹȴһȳǹҼЩȣﲻǲܴнĶ
˳ȴѾӭȥ˵ֻҪǸӴϾû⣬οǻûȣ
ûô˳ʱ˵ƶҿͷıڶϲ֪ʲôʱѾһӣһֻ˷ˣ޷޵ĶѾûأ˳Ѿ⶯˰ǹɨ䡣
ѵ˳˵ĴӣҲ֪Ӷǹ֧ЩǲµģҪҪȥæȴֻӱ˳֮󣬾Ȼ͵ڿʧȥƽ⣬Ȼ顱һڵϣ漴㲻ˡ
˳ǹţӿڴͳӵȥ߱˵ܿͻŵǽζǵøϿҵţЩǲҽȥģ
Ҿ˳ӵ⣬һӵôɱʬο˳ԼҲ˵Ľʬ͡ҵ۾һֱͣеȳǹϣ˵ӵصΪǶõģʬһΣֻҪϴڵĶͶȱ㣬ֻǿҲҵõѣ
һͷһڵһĽʬֻôһ㹦ѾֻʬȫãʲôǰĽŲ˻ȻҿһĴָСİɫʹ˳
ߣҾһȻ󲻿˼ؿ˳ǹӵǽѣ
˳ȴ˿ͣ£˵ණ˽ʬԼҲûйϵҺߣ߷԰ѹסĽʬֶΪأ
Һ£ô죿Ҹ˵⻰ͻȻ˳Լֵܶܺɱˣôں޹ԱǵңֻҲΪһüֵɡ
ҽѾɤ۵Ļ˻ȥ˳ôˣ֪ʲôҲ˵Ǽߣû߼ҿһǳɫҺ壬Ǹողŵȥġ
ǽʬѪ滹ˣ˳ͣͬʱס̧ͷȥȴͨһ߽ʬʬ壬˳ȻҲˣҳʯͷ
˳ȴ̷񶨣ʯͷһڵ֮棬ǲעʱѾˣСĶүԼ̷Щ
˵Ѿ߽ʬߣǿ⽩ʬ״֮Ҿһθֻ⽩ʬ弸Ѿʬ⣬ͷš˹ʯڱϣ֫ȻϣǺЩӴĹѾ飬ɱȥѪ֮У廹һس鴤ţȻûȥ
Ҳ˵ֻǸողŷ£ܾܿǽ뵽ͬʱ˳һ⣬ȴûκ˵ӰΩһµģȴʯϣһǳɫӡ˽ʬѪȥģҿӡʱȴ͵ؾһɺ̲ס˸սɺԼȴҲ
Ȼ˳ָֻ
⻰ǳڱܵľȷˣȻָ˳ȴԼ૵ôܣ
˵⻰ͺʶƵһ϶ҷɿɨһ۵Ͻʬƣֻ϶ָָѾױΣָͷϵĹǽӴִޱȣָֻһǺ«һ
ȻǽʬӡôǱǸ˵ˣǾʲôˣ֪ʱǱ
˳ʧ˻һѸ߽ȥһ·ǿԿԴԴϵĽʬʬ壬ͬҪжſԽʬԴšҪؽڵĹͷ
Խߣ˳ɫѾԽ˺ҿѾȳǹƺѾ֪ﲻнʬ֣Щȥ
ҽظ˳ҵͷ֪Ϊʲôһ·ﶼխͨʯͷǷһȻͨͨAӹ˼򵥵ݹǵѾúȻʯûԽխԽԽǶòèӲſ߽ȥ
Ǽ˳ߵĺܼæҿóڸʱ䣬ҲԸоĵĽǣȻҲ֪ڽʲô


һʮ ҪЮ
ʯԽԽߣʯխĵطڹȥ֮ҿһԨֻԨ±ȴһխͨպһſµʯûκͻҲǣֻһ·ȥʯûκοʸĵط棬ȫÿԼƽ
˳ʱŻعͷҵСĶү𣿡
Լܱ˳ˣ˵ԣ
˳ǲ˵ԼѾȥҽš˳ߵĻƽȣӦصһСһСŲţ˳ˣҲӵҡ
һ۵£ֻԶŰããǵָˮɵϿȵұЩηߣôһһٲ濴һۣһǰߡ
ó˳ҳµģʼһ۵ľ룬һСľ͵ȥ񣬻ξ֮·ܿҺ˳ߵһߡ
֮ͨһ˵ϣҺ󱳼Ѿȫʪ͸ȫ亹ͷҲܵһ㺹飬˳Ҳû˵ʲôֻ˵ֻһֶѣǰ滹и·
ط治Ǹǵģҿ˿ΧǼǼµļз֮䣬ͷһ޴ѿڣѿڲûнɽ´ͨʧ˴ɽ棬ӦþԨıţ֮źܾܿԨһֶѡ
˳һΪʱվǰߡǰ·һЩͱڣǰߵʱ˼߽ʬʬ壬һһѪӡ֮֮ĵطûֹҲ֪ǰǷǹǸӡµģԣһҲѾǰ档
Һ˳һͱڣڵ΢ƽ̹һЩ·ϣԽߣԽ˳˵ѾڵλãҺ߽ȥԶ㿴һСʯŴǰʯŵɵһԲεĻͼϵһģһֻΨһͬĵطǣѾһӡ
˳Щ˵һ
˵ߵ֮ǰȥȴƺͻȻʲôתͷ˵СĶү棬ǵòҪκζǾ֣Ҫ
ЩɶͷԣʲôϡĶҪ˳ң˳ҵͷǴӿŵ˽ȥҸ󣬽ȥ֮ҿһƬй⣬Ѿķʯ
ķʯ٣صǶǽģҽ֮һĹͨΪ޽ģֱ쵽ǰԶ
ʯڵվźܶʯˣǾһźص׷࣬Щʯ˵̵رǵ۾էһȥǻһ
ҿһЩʯô̳ģȻܴﵽĵزҲȥ˿˳ٽºĻֻôͷʼվЩʹЩ죬˵Ĺ֡
ֱǰͨϿһϤıЩʯˣΪϵľ̫õģֱǶƵģûκεĽӴڡ
ЩʯΪʲô˱棬ֻԭҴյһʯǰϣ۾תȻ˵۾ȴһʯұصĿţ޷ֱ⾿ǻ˻ʯˣһʱ侹Ȼʯǰ棬֪Ǻá
˳ʯô͵ؽ˵ҪЩ׹ȥĵطֻҪһֱǰ߾Ϳ뿪ͬʱҲѹȥĵطֻҪ²ŲʣǾͿȥ֮ţһʲôǾͻᱻ棬ôҲȥ
ҵ뷨˳ͬҲΪյ׶Ϊľ̫ʯͷǵĶ飬˳˵ʯͷǲڵ֮
һ·ϵıʣѾ˳һֶεɱ֣û˵˳ĿĲһҪҲһ
Ȼһһٵ˵ЩʯһĶ飬ôԸðűΣգҲҪǾȳ
˳˵ңɫһƬҰףҿóûޣͻȻЩˣåʣʱˣåˣåɡ
ʯˣŻζһ¿Ƿʯͷɵģҵ廹ûпʯˣͻȻһɾ޴ҲϣҶʱȫһȻҵ屻һ˷סȴ˳˵ԲסˣСĶү
ȻҾ˹ȥʡ¡
ѹʱڱĵϣͷ𽥱պϵѷ죬Ȼһ̧۾ͿǰһȾ޴ʯţʯź֮ǰĲͬʯȫڵģúʯɵģʯϣһֻ޴ڸ񣬺ʯϣɫںɫиҫۡ
һ˳ڲԶվţѹҲûйı飬ֻ˵û㣬Ҵ򲻿֮š
ҷŲﻹһʹҼȻǵ֮ţôҲѾˣ˳ԼΪȷķֹңڵذţȴ
ûҵĻӦȴӽ͵СĶүЩ治ľ̫Ķ飬οǣҲȲǣһֱǸӴͱʯ飬ûбˡ
Ҳͬ˳·ǾҪȥתŷ֣ȻһƬԨͬҵһμĶһҸѾȥˡ
˳˵ͨ·ոѾˣҲٹһվŵĵطҲݣûжʱ䡣
Ϊʲô
˳˵ΪõĻأѾͣԼĪһӵʱһʱ̣ͻݣ˵֮ţʯ̨ȫݣһ㶼ʣ
ﾹȻĻأҲǶʱ˳ôҪνȥ
˳ߵ֮ǰ˵ֻ֮һοԣʧܣĻؾͻǰʱǶЩʯ̨׹ȥ
ʣҪô
˳ָϰƴСһԲΰ˵ֻĶԲ۵룬ԲᵯһʯֻšŻʯ˳ʱתȦɡ
˵ģ뵽ľֵͼֲľ̫˵ֻܴ֮ţ˳ڷҲͣԭȫԵʣֻܴ֮򿪣ĵͼ
Ҳҵüֵô֮أ˳᲻ɱڣ
뵽ҿ˵֮Ŵ֮ҪӦһ£ΪҰ򿪵֮ŵ


һʮ ʬۻ
˳ʣʲô
˵ҵʯͷľ̫ǣҲϣ£ϤõҲ֪ǻ
˳˱䣬ʵҲӦأ
˵ôǾ͵Żһ׹Ԩ֮С
˳˵Ͳű֮ҷڣ
˵㷴ҲûޣҼ㲻ֻһõõҵʱ㷴ڣָ´λҰ㣡
ͬΪıȻô˵Ҳٲκ棬ѻ˵ˣܱźùࡣ
˳ȴֻЦЦЦЩζֻ˵СĶү̫ˣﲻʱɲԼеҶ㲻ɣҲֻηڲһɣȷûˣ㲻䣬Ҫ
˳˵ʵԶԣЩʼҪѧģЩļҲͻᣬڸı֮УҪӴɫɫˣȥϵ棬úһļơԲϵұѧģҲڱҪѧġ
˳Ҳٴ˵СĶүǵĵһףҴӦ㣬ȥ֮ҰѰʯͷľ̫ǵ٣һҪӦһ£Եùƽ
ʣʲô£
˳˵ҵ֮ڣֱ뿪Ϊֹ
ҺԥصͷӦȻ˳˵ôʼɡ
һߵ֮ǰԲҵĸȥ֮󣬽ꡱһʯﴫҵĪһʹҸоƺͻȻܳϸС̽ҵ棬ҵʹҵһЩľʧȥ֪
龰˳˵һԲ͹һʯҵָѾ֪޷תתʯʱȴʯȻԼת
תķȴ˳ʱ룬ʱת˳˵ĽȻ෴Ҳ֪ô£ǻͷȥ˳˳ҲеҿҲһãȻࡰꡱžʯѵѾʯ̨ݵ
ˣʯ̨ݣʯڴ򿪵ʱֻ˵һʵʧˣ
ƺѾʶǾҪʯ̨һ׹ȥˤȥҲȷǻܻš
Ȼʯ̨⳯ڿʼ̮˳Ų˼ı˵ΪʲôΪʲô㾹Ȼܴ򿪵֮ţ
ҲǰʣҸͲ֪ô£ҼȻѾʧЧԼ֣ҵȴǱι̶һ㣬ˣȻҲûκָ֪ŵĻʯڶۿѾת˰Ȧλá
˳űϣʯ̨ҵҡţѾʼվȣݵʯ鳯ǱƽҾر۾ҲʱҵͻȻָ֪ʱ˺ѷεʹִؽֳͬʱֻ֨ѽһʯžȻˡ
ҶʱһϲͿŷ֮У˳Ҳ˽Ҳһ˲䣬ʯ̨ڳݣֻһ¡ʯ𣬾û˶
ʯš䡱һϣҳһƬڰ֮Уžʹ֣ΪѾѪ죬ȴһƬʹǴƵڲġ
ʱ˳СĶү㻹ðɣ
һش𣺡ã
ʮֲӦԵĺڰ˳ƺѾϵΣվ˵һЩűΣյĵط
˵ǰߵĽŲҿκζֻڸȻֻ̧ͷȴͿڰһĹһ
˳ȴ͵͵غ˵һֲ㾡ңⷢĶһ׵ľ룬ΪԴΪһ׵ķΧڶ塣
ȻҿڰĹԽԽ࣬Ѿ鲼ǰ·˳ߵҲСģһԲҲҶ˵ĲӣȴҲûʲô
ҺûĹ֮Ужֲ鲼ſڣԴһСľͻУҾֲӦúʳ˻ͬһࡣ
ţʾŵһĪζžͻȻڰдһңԶģһ˲䣬ҿڰб鲼ĹͻȻ˲ȫϨ𣬽ţ˳ٵ
˳Ļδ䣬Ҿ͸еһ˳˲ſ£ҽͷڵø첲ţŸΪѸ͵ҵıϹιͬʱңԶģߣȻ뻮һĽŲ
ҶʱסǶҶһ£뻮һҵĶߡ¡¡ҵĶĤһ飬Ųһߣͱ˼ٹȥķ硣
Һ˳һſڵϣ䡱һ죬ʯűڶײʱĹһӿ˽̧ͷֻǰȫһľӣһҾͿʯͷҲڶ鵱Уͣϸûһ˿һı顣
Ҽ˼̴ӵʯͷҪȥ
վһ̣ߵĽŲҹζͳͳʧҿǰ˲ʧֻʣһվʯ֮ǰȻʯٴιرգһƬڰ֮С
ҲʱͻȻعֻڰĹ£ߣҸоҵֱ۱˳ţ˳Ҷ߻صСĶүСĶү
عһ˿Ļ㱣˳ôˣ
˳˵ող˻þ㺰ʯͷ֣
ųѹԭǻþȻ˳ݸһⶫȥѾʧֲ˲þոһŵˣ
Ҹо˳ҵⶫȥģҲû룬˽ȥ˳˵ҽҽ˼£ʱһֿൽٿ֭Һ˳һŨҵζ̲ס³˳ȴһ˵ȥ
ǿűӽⶫȥȻ˳ʲô˳˵ʬӣ
ҴһӣȻһŻĳ嶯˳ȴ˵Ψһܿİ취СĶү̡
ҼסθոյִҲδ̫һЩ˦˦ͷ˳߳ȥ˳ԺڰӦǿ㿴·ߵȴ׼һ·Һûһ塣
ҲֱĹ߳ź˵ֲʬۻľʬϲܻĸʬϣҸϻڳһҺ壬ҺԱʬĲʬԴͨסǿסͻ۾ѿոտĹ⣬Ļ䣬˵۾һģһ


һʮ һ
۾һģһĻ䣬ҲͷȥǺڰгһŵĹ⣬κζԺ˳˵ĳȫЩ䡣
˳˵ʬۻ֦ҶǺɫģҺͷһģһرҶϸʬϣͷһɢڵϣʬ嶼ܹԲֻ֪էһۿΪһֹϸȷҲ۾ͷڸȫͷĹ
Һ˳ڲź˵ով˵Ļ׼ҲӰô˳˵µ壬ӦҲͬͷһ֦Ҷˡ
Ҿ뵽һ⣬֮ڵͷʬ壿
˳Ĭò˵ˣһ㶼
ͻȻ͵һô˵ʯͷѾʬۻϣ־Ǻŵ飬ʯͷôˣôױӣ
˳Ҳοңŵ԰һЩһ뵽˳˵ʬۻֹ춫һطתһ룬ʯͷû£أ
ҳҵİǷһЩǾľ̫ڱңһǾһܺõĳȻҺܿܺһģң֪СġܣôãҲŹӲʲôҲû˵
˳ٴǰߣںڰпֻܸҪȥģ˵ҼȻӦҪҵʯͷǣͲʳԡ
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ʩҲ˵ѰֻҵŶһжͽ޹ΪûоŶϵĵͼǸ޷֪ڡ
ҲЩ˳ĿľΪʲô
˼ŵʱֻͻȻ͵һҾһ΢ĽŲǰ治Զֱңǰˡ
Ҳͬʱ˳Ѿ׷ȥֻܸŽŲǰȥϽ¾ͱʲôסˤڵϣ˳ѾԶȥŲʧͨ
ֱҵĶȴһʬ壬һǱϾڵ´ľˣʬҲöˣոǺ޷ԲŻᱻһڻһѾ佩ӲѾһʱˡ
ҾͷôͷѵŮˣԼһ·ֻľ̫һŮˣͷȴԶûеʵĵزʬƽġ
뵽ҵͻȻסͷ˳˵ʬۻ֦Ҷ
ҸϽ֣Լô˴⣬ʬۻܱ߲Զȴûɿ֣Щͷȴǻһؽҵָסܸоҵ
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뵽ҹ˲ͷһ֦ҶĺȥҵıҵֻûȥԱͻȻһܳƣѹúܵ͵ˣıϣ
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ѹúܵ͵Ӧ㣡
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˵Ҹо߹ιһ磬ĽŲѾҹͬʱ˳СغСĶү𣿡
վƽԼش
ҵЩ쳣˳ƺʲôңʲôˣ
ոǸ˵ĳֺǱܿ˳˳Ҳ֪˵﷢ľ̫еˣѾʬۻռˡ
˳ʬۻңû°ɣ
ҡͷ˵û£˳ģң֦ҶûУ
ҵͷ˵ˣҸһֱҺϣ˳һѸץҵ󣬽˵ѾˣѾ˳Ѫܳ˺һˣ
һȥҵë׵һƬѾ˰ָȴ˿
˳ƺҲûʲô취Ѹվ˵ɵϵʬ֮ǰܾҵεķӣ
ʲôӣ˳˵Ҳ̫ȷֻ˵ڵ֮һʬۻһ˵ʬۻѾҵѪ֮Уȡǿ϶ȡģҼҪȡҲҪҵѪܣﲻҽԺһΪʧѪ
ҷʵѬʬۻһѬ𣿡
˳ƺ֪Ȼ˵زҲֻˣѵʬۻ𣿡
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˳˵ǴϿģǾҲ˵˳ûô֪ϸȴûлشֱҵ⡣
ҾΣֲü׷ʣӽ֮״ѱ̸ȥʯͷǣ
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˳˵֮űԨϿȣЩǴ洫ģǾʲô˭Ҳ֪ΪϿûȥȥˣҲ
ʯͷ֮ѾǺܴһƬطѾռĸɽ´ϿȱȴǾţһëҲ룬⾿һʲôϿȣڵ֮յ
ӴḶ́ҲΪ˹ģôȻγɵĻΪʲôȴûκε鿯ϵļأмأûб֪


һʮ ױ
ںڰ֮Уȫ֪֮ھһʲôӣһ·ϸ˳ʼոоΧһεѹǴںڰ֮УܸеԸʵӰҾҾʹһӰ֮С
ָоȴҲĪûɵ٣ƺʶʲôΣٽһ
ĵλƽ̹ĵ·Ϳʼۣҵ氼͹ƽȫǸߵͲƽľʯǼߵĵطұŽµĵβŸ½ţߵرǰһǰ𽥱û谵йɽ
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ĵطߣＸѾû·ֻһʯ֮ţССѷύ˵ǣǰ˹⣬ǿһȫѪҺҪ
ҲʱҲſԼֱжˣֻȫŨܵͷһʬۻ֦ҶЩ֦ҶѾһָ֦ҶţҵѪ֮УҲ֪ûѾҵ֮УҪĻôѾˣҲȥֱֻۣҾֱֻ۵ĻҼֱһֻëĺһ
ҾԼһЩȻҲ֪˳˵νܲá
Һ˳һ·ʬۻ֮⣬û쳣ĶҾЩԾ˵Ѿ߽ô֮֮ôģ˳Ҳƺ֪ô£ֻ˵ԼҲСһЩ
ʯĹǴѷĶģҹһѷķʯΪ̧ͷһҼİɫķʯ
Ӧɽ֮¶ģһ⣬ҿǰһһľʯϸһѾɺԵ֦ȴõĶ
ӺȻγɵģҲ˵ĻЩǣǿֻʵ̫أܾʲôر;
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˵ⲻ˳ȻΣ֮еĬҾһҲЦҵڣ֪֮ŵҲ֪Ϊʲôֻ֮ſʬۻΪͲҪκζ
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ҸؼǣǾڷնе񣬶ֹĿըǣ缫ײƵԽԽ죬Ƕʮ״ľʯ£׻ֻҲᱻɣ
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ҵһ죬½ҵ˻һȴ͸ոյĶͬҹӦһʮ־޴ʯˣΪ׵Уʯ鵹ѵڶҶоѾʯϵҵϣ価ǲķ϶С
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һʮ ųѨ
̽ͷ˿ȴط֣λʯһʯѾˣĪزˡ
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Ҵױļ̶Ҳ֤ʯǿĴʧŴӾʯķ϶һױŰʱѾһƬǽ壬ʯѾһƬ֮УߵλϿȥȴֻһ׵ĶڣʯǱһ㣬ĪˣӰӶûһ
ڶʲôҲ֪һʯͷȥȴûκεѵҲһ޵Ԩ
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ҼǴŲ˼ı鿴ѪӡĻ£ģҺȻʯҲζϵģģ
һǵһģһҼܿ϶ڰɫѪĹһҡȻûһڰңֻûֶѣôϿȳ֣ҲΪɺϡ
˭ô˭Ϊʲô֪ϸνģҼǵõ֮Ŵ֮Һ˳û˽
һʱ䣬˼ǧؿʯϵǸѪӡָͷӡˣ˳ƺҲǼᵽִŶ˵Ŀ־壬ԷѪӡ֮ûһֻ֣Ƕ˵СĶүǻǸϽȥɣϵʬۻ鲻á
ŻιȻƿҲԾʯɨһȦ֪ǰ״ʮϤֻҪǿǾһܿ
ٲ£˵ʵҵȴҲаĸм˵Һ˳ҿʼɣһֱңҲûж⣬ΪҪðΣǣ˵ң
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뵽ĴµĹϵҾ֮ǰ˳ҽŮ洵¼֮⵽һص㣬ǾһôһǰĸϵϲѲϵͻȻִ󵨵뷨Ĵ壬ܼң᲻Ůйأ˵ܼҾǵʱеһ֧
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˲ԶҾͱǰľסˣҿľ̫ǸŮˣʬ屻ǰ·ϵһʯϣȫܵͷѾڸȫڵϣȻʯͷһȦȦɢҹЩͷӦ˵ʬۻ֦ҶѾʮ׳ľ̫Щ֦ҶΩһԿĶֻһۣҾͿ϶ľ̫
ȴҽӽľ̫ŵʯΪѾ̹ʬۻҺ˳ԶԶվţҿ˿ܣΧмƵʬ壬ľ̫Ķ鱾Ѿû˶ˣܼҵ˶ڶ֮У֮ʯſڷֵĻƵʬ壬ֱ˳ɱˣô˲ʯͷ֮⣬ľ̫Ѿȫˡ
ҽЩ˵ÿ˵һ飬ȷʯͷһȴ֪ľ̫ΪʲôУʯͷȥЩ
˳ҲЩʬһһɨʬۻо˵Ľӽҿʬ۾ͻȻۿð˳ϸ֦֧ܳľ룬۾ʱͿʼĹ⣬ȻŲ̫ԣһǿˡ
ʬ۾˳ΪʲôҪ˵ʬۻĻ䣬˳ȴ˵ʬ۾ȷѾʬۻԵˣ˵յˣ˫۾¿ųĻ䣬ʬۻΪʲô᳤Ҳ˵
ҿЩʬ壬ʬۻ֦ҶʸЩʯ棬ԶԶǲŻһʬ屻ŵĸоʱ͵ط֣Щʬۻ֦ҶȻǴӾʯģ
Ҳ˵ǰľ̫ʬ岢ʬۻĳѨֻһתվѣʬۻǴӾʯġ
Ҳ˵ЩʯΣһͷľʯЩʯȴȥ˿죬ʯ᲻ʬۻֻڷĵǻûдƿǶ
鲻Խߵʯǰʯı棬һľʯûҷȥĶľʯ߻ԽԽܣҵĲ²ȷĻôʬۻҺ˳Լ
뵽ͻȻعͷ˳˵˳ǸϿ뿪
˳ƺҲѾʶʲôһͷҺҪ뿪ȴͨһֻԭھʯϵʬѾ׹˵ϣʬ嶼ʬۻ֦Ҷסһͷɢڵϣɷǿɲ
Īؾһ£Ҫ뿪֦ҶȴĪһҿԭѾռݵʬ徹Ȼվ
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ָоȫ͵ŶȻһƤȫֻЩ뿪ٿЩ


һʮ ʾ
ҲȥЩĻ棬к˳һתͷܣҺ˳ͱʯ֮УҲ֪ľ̫ǵʬû׷֮Ҹ˲ϻͷȥǱʯʬۻ֮ǰ뿪ط
Һ˳ܳ׵ĵأȴûһҪܵͷĸоʯɺŨܣѾ˾ʯڻѵΪһ·ʯͷѿġ֨֨Ʊ鲼ھʯϣƺѾӾʯѷʬۻ֦Ҷ
ЩʯǸʲôõģô˶ʬۻ
ոջһʣͻȻһžֻʯϵʯ׷ǵ֮һһشӾʯ
ʱǰĵ·ȫµʯסҿǵصʬۻ֦ҶӾʯǿŵĻһڵϣȻոջǾʯʯ˲ͱһƬʬۻĺĿȫǺһƬͬһͷ˳һڹǵĽ棬ǵСȣϥǣȣʣȻһؽûҺ˳ֲͱŨ֦Ҷ˽ȥ˲ͱ档
ֻоҵϡϺ߶֦Ҷҵţһس֩³˿һҪҰѾе˲ϵ֦ҶһϢЩΨһܺĿڱҲ˲䱻Щ֦ҶסҺһֻƴҵ屻̫ڽʵҸ޷ѣһس鴤ţҵȱҵĴһƬհףƺѾо˽ߵȻǰ𽥹ںڰڻȥ
۾һ˲Ҳ֪Լ˻ɻţҶ˶ͼԼһҵȫûһ֪һϵλ꣬ʶȫоĴڣҲ֪ԼǷǱţҸоΧʬۻ֦Ҷںܳһʱ䣬Ҷ֪Լһʲô״̬
һֲһľȻڵϣ۾ʲôܶ־ԵİͺڰĪؿ־壬־壬ǵģһп־壬˵һš
ҸܲκζĲʬۻ֦ҶķһԼ
״̬֮ڸоԼ˫ָֻһЩ֪Ŷ˶˫ȴɲôʹ֪ǺüҸŬض˶ֱ˫ѾƶʱҲߣȴҾȻһƬʯ֮С
ǵøոһʬۻĺ֮У뵽ʲôѸٵȴʬۻѾûˣǱʲôţѾˡ
ɻ󲻽⣬ͻȻоƺһƬӰƺҵڶؿңһͬʱ˭
ȻԼСĶү˵ǻټġ
漴Ӧ˵㣡
û˵ܸоЦЦҾú֣ôĸоȻ˵Һܾþ㵥̸̸֮ǰҾ㻹û׼ã׼𣿡
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֪׼˵ͻȻñ䡣
Ҳ֪ôش㶣ôһĹȴѾٴЦȻ˵һ̫ļһЩ
ͻȻ֪ôش֪𰸣ȴãΪҵģҺ֪𰸣һ޷ܵĴ𰸣֪𰸣
ϵػش𣺡֪
ȴҡҡͷ˵㲻֪㲻һ·ңҲ֪һЩȥҲ֪Ĵ𰸣Ҳ֪
ĬűʾĬϣ֪˭˭ҿʣΪʲôǻ᳤һģһ
ϲûгȫһģһˣûмңô֪ǳһģһȴҡ
ҾȻҲʵشֻ˵ѪĹ
Ȼһû˵꣬ʹҵĻ˵㲻ҲһģһӣѾʬ壬أȴܼҵС̫ү
˵£Ҳ˵һ·ܾܿͻǵĶ֮У˭ΪʲôһӡҲûУȴĻ˼˵֮Իҳһģһȫ˺˳һַݣ
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ʵô㾿˭
ҸоٴЦȻ˵СĶү˵ŪԼ˭˭
Ҿ˵ìܣȻƤ߼ðңôΪʲôϸ˭ҼȻòðģôôܺһģһ
Ҳ֪ҵ뷨ĺڰþУԿҵı飬ش˵СĶүҴСѧϰ;ֹһһҶᣬĿͷ˵ʽҲᣬȴ֪ҵĴڡ
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үүʵȻ֪˵˭ֻʵ˵۶ү
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ȴϵػشǣҲκһ
һظ仰ƺЩ⣬̶̵һ仰ƺ̺ĳ⣬һʱȴ²͸
ȻͻȻһ˵СĶүţ㲻κһĴ嶼Ϊ֮ЧĶ󣬶۶үҲүүûκѪԵϵҲ֪˰ɡ
˵֪
Ȼ˵ҲҲ֪Լ˭ȴܸ㣬ʱҲ˵ȻԼҵ
ţ֪ҾҪҴգʼʲôҪҵģȻⲻյס˶ټ˵֪Ѿ˶೤ʱˣ
ͷڰգûмʱĶһ·йλԣǴ¹Լң
ȴ˵ȷ죬죬ȴҲζҲ졣
ЩȻʵΪʲô
͵Ҫͬ˵ģһҪע⣬ʱѾˣֻ죬ǵ֮֮ڵ죬˵Ѿ߰ʱˣǶҲ̫ȷϣΪ㾭ĵصйءʱ򼸺ûʲô޴ڽ֮֮ǰʱ䶼ΪûģԴ֮֮󣬾Ͳһˣ
ʣ˵֮ڵʱ治һһ첻ǶʮСʱʮСʱ
ش˵СĶү㻹û˵˼


һʮ Ϊ
ҲûףЩţ˵֮֮Ѿ˼ǿĴų֮УּǿĴųκ˺УҲһӾֳȴԲϸķѣԵӿ죬һ¡ȻʱҪ³´лٶȴҲڼӿ죬Ҳ˵ʱֻ죬ͶȹûģΩһ𣬾ʱĿʱֻܱ֪ȴܱΪǿĴųֱĶʧȥá
ƶǶţֻ㣬һڹѾ֮󣬵ڶڵĴлٶڼӿ죬͹û
˵Щͺã˵໹ͣһʱ䣬ΪʱȥĻ³ϾҪұ³֮ǰ뿪ȥȫĵط
³߾ᷢʲô
ȴĬֻǶ˵һҪǵ³֮ǰ뿪ͻ벻ѷɾʲôֻ˵ŪԼ˭֮󣬾ͻ֪﾿ᷢʲô¡
Ǻ˭йأ
ԽԽɻҾʲôȻҵͿ͸ôܣ
뵽ǽ·Ѿ̮ˣҪôȥ˵ڵ֮Լǵ˾ͷλãһ·һֱͨɽ´֮⣬ҿԴȥ·ڱգΪﲻϻԾĵؿ˶йأԣ˵Ҳûжʱ䡣
ңЩ²һģҿģ׶ʵҲܻƭңԣ˵һҪѡԵȥȥɸѡر֪ҵ࣬Ҫֻɵ̬ȣҾͻ
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ãҵڿԶȻܿҵͻָԭֱۣ汻ţһҰʬۻȥ˳õʩôȴֱֻ֪ۣȴû˿ʹС
ҼһϵĶȫڣҲӦĺڰڸ𲻳ԼڵķλվҲ֪ʱԶһ춯ҲҶʲôϸǱߵȴûˡ
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˳Ҳ֪ܣ˵⻰ֻҲѾʶǽʱȷǹˣ϶Ҳ֪³߾ᷢʲô
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ʱҲע⵽վϣһǴɽ´ѷ͹ģЩ±ϣмþȻǴģµ棬˳еȣҲ޵Ԩ
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ҿһ˳ˣһʲôˣײϣȴֺӰΣʱˣȻҵĿĻдȶȴǾԵĻˡұű߷ʯͷıȻ˳˵ʯӣȡ˼ţʯͷһһιˣȻˮҸˮȥĬĬ
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ʯͷһ˳ȴû˵ҸоպΣƺʲô϶ҿ˳ӣҪɱʯͷ


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Ȼʯͷվ˵Ǳ߱˵
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Ȼţ־һЩΣĻҲ̫ɺЩ˵滹Ҳ˵һǼȻʯͷѾǵãϹҲǰ׷ѹҲȥЩ
·ʱҿ˳ԶʯͷҲ֮便ʲô϶ֻǵ˳ᵽʯͷʱõĶǹݡ
ȻʯͷҲһЩŹ֣ȴԶԶﲻùݣҿܼҵˣʮּɻʯͷʯͷҲ˿Ϊ⣬ȴ֪оΪʲô
ţȴͻȻ˳һϣֻ˳һԾ
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һһ⣬ȷһȦֻصԭأطȻйȴһ͸ĪغģȻҿʯͷ߽һӾȥ
ʯͷĺܿ죬棬һ⣬ͻȻ˵Ѿû·ˣ
뼴ǰѾû·ˣҲڻڲɭ·תŶԣʯͷ˵ǰµľͷһ·ͨ˵Ǹڡ
ʯͷ˵·ǺģǺȻⲢԹվǲܿµıԵġ
Ȼû·ôӦʯͷ˵һ·ͨ棬Ϊԣﲢǵ֮ŵľͷ
ʯͷÿһòǰϸؿ˿ͼҵʲôɻǲһıǳĲ֮࣬Ǹһ飬˲Զĵط֮ȴһ߸ʬ
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ʵ߸ʬʯͷֵģҿʱΪֻһ鰼ĵƤˣֱʯͷϵһĶֳһ̵Σ̵֮ģΪ̦˵Եʡ
ԵìȻһ߸ʬôϼǲˮֵģ̦ȴ棬֪̦ҪʪĻеģҵĵرҲǸӣ˵֮⣬ȷǳʪ쳣ģԵ߸ʬĳΣǿùݡ
Ƕʱ߸ʬȤ᲻һ·еָҵڵ
ǽ̦õ֮ȴŵǲɽַװ߰ʮʮΪձ飬ʱ˼˶ɫͿʽ·˵·ʽҲ˵˵ûǺԶʮǰһȷһֱȽʽķʽģ翼Ŷӡ
ڿ·ʱ뵽ľƬ֧ʮĸ˵Ķ飬ȫ·ϸ˿ϸ֮ƶһģһ
Ȼʱ·ʽһģӿ̳ģ·һҲܿǶеˣȴʼվֻѲĸϵ˵ֻܾܿеһԱΪ׷ȷҲ̫ɺˡʱ˳Ҳ˵֪ˣǷ
Һʯͷ̧ͷС˳ȷûϴ
ΪʬѾɺԵԵʣϵļ⼸ϣòȻһ㣬ȴѾˣ˳ȴܼᶨصͷ˵ǶΪ֮𾪵ĻûԭʲôҲܼʱһûгҼģӣҰΧĻȷû
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Ҽ˳̫ү˵һЩʲô
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ʯͷѾϵ̦һЩŷʬȻǸɺԵģǱҲһЩЩ̦Ҳ޷棬˵ʬ屣Ļҽͷβһ飬ȴһָϸĺɫһϸĶؿڴһֱ쵽£档
Ȼ˳ʯͷҲˣҲ㽫һʱȴ͵ؿʬ۾ˣ
ͬʱʯͷͻȻһ
䣬Ϳ˸ʬ۾Ȼţ
۾ˣҿ촽΢΢زţɤ﷢ɾһҲ˵Ȼʯͷ˵ʶļѾӲƤȫ촽޷ſȫĸɺԵºͷ񶯣˵ӣȻ˵ʲô
뾹ȻѾΪʲôţ˵ҲѾʮ꣬ôܻţ
һֱڷԽԽ죬Ƕ֪Ҫ˵ʲôѾˣֻǾһ΢΢زš
ʱʯͷϵصһκ˳˵˻˳ӣʲôˣΪʲôҴ֪ˡ


һʮ 
˳Ҳʯͷʯͷ˳ĳƺʽҲ˵ǰܿʶģһô϶
˳ش˵֧˵ݶѾˣȥǸû˵ģЩڵܲ鵽еһԱȴһ⣬ϵ˽Ӵȴµص֣ܼ۶үҲҪ֡Ƿȴ͵ҵͷˣ֪Ĵڣݱ֮󣬸֪йһˣ
ʣǡġҲڵ֧֮УΪʲôȴݣѵûб٣
˳һۣȻ˵һ䣺Ҳ̫
Լ̫ļһЩֽתƵϣ۾һֱڿǵ۾ѾԣҲ֪ܷǵ̸ң˵ʲô
ҿָڵϲϵرȻţʲôʯͷ½ǣʾʯͷҲŷϺҵػŵ֣ƺд֡
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֪ʯͷɸո˳̵ĻҲ˳Ȼ֪ˣ˵ͷͷǵôӦ֪ȫ¼ŶԣӦֻ֪ôһƤëѡ
˳ȻҲڵϲϻֵķԥţƺҪҪǡ
Ͳӣ˵˳ԼҲ˵ûжʱˣȥǶñ棬˵ÿһ仰˵ҵ뿪Ĺؼ
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˳˵˺ܴһѣȴֻ仰ᵽ˷˳֮Уһ޹ؽҪϸϸȴǵ³¼ǷµĹؼڡ
ȴǳ¹̾ǿʲôݣıʼ澿ʲôôѪ˵
һǵãȥɫ֮󣬽ų¹̵Ĺͱˣʱ˵ǳɳǱ߸ɵģǲǣȴö֪Һǣǵ¹̵Ĺʲô
ƺó¹̵ҲһЩе¼˱زٵһһ˼·ͻ֣ᷢӳɳӵ¼ʮĸ˵Ķʧڵ֮ţµıʼǱ¹̿¹µء
Һ޹ϵȴΪ뵽ʮĸ˵Ķ֮жʹҺ¼ӵسһҲ˵¹µҲһֵ׷ܾܿҪҵĴйأ
˳˵֪ô֪࣬ķȫڳ¼Ǿʲô£ôҲֻг¼ˡ
ҾֵϢ֮ǰϢתµЩµһȴֱµţٴΰ˼⡣


һʮ ¹Ĺ
֮һѾɸʬķȴѾֹͣ˻ڸոĵѾֳһԲεͼԲһߣģҾ㵵ؿŷⶫĪѪ񣿣
۾ֱֱؿǣҿεɫȴ֪ʲô
ȻҿʯͷѾ˲ڸʬؿڵĺɫϣΪʯͷҪγǸæֹʯͷҲάŵĶγ
ʯͷȴ˵ⶫǰγģѾʬΪһ壬Сѵûǲĸ룡
ҾһֲⶫϤȻⶫҵļĸҪʬΪģʯͷ˵ͳĲǲģֻȪˮʬΪϵĲѾǱ֮ĲôĲǲҲںߣ
ת֮䣬ҾƬ֮£ҲѾʬ壬˵վЩʬ档
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沢ߣֻоϣȴĸʬҵʬϣʱһɸʬζҸæԽֽȴԽ뵽֮Уŷ˲˼ĳ̶ȣһ
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Һҵţ˫һ֮ץһ߸ʬȻŴֱֱʱҲվҵĴ¼ѾȫǶҾٲά裬һҪʮִ
תͷһʯͷ˳ҲҺòȥֻȫҲմҲǸողȻʯͷոյĲ֦ң˵õš
ҽˣſʼ»һɭ֣ΪѾ̮˵ԵʣڵĲȥָһأĸ֮¾Ȼɣ治֪Щڵ¸ж
һͷͨ±ϵģǱ߿϶û·ǵĿⶼۼǰ棬ֻڸոյľޱ֮УʬѾ֪٣ҶЩգҲòĽ֣ܱŲţ˲˵κùࡣ
ȷ˷Ǳ㻺ŲȥѾ˲Զ벻ɭ֮µĶڡ
ֻΪǵȽݵ̫ԵʣΪףҲǳʱ䣬ǺòߵڵʱѾǽƣֻ˳ɽ뻹Ҫۣȴҵ飬ⶴ˽ȥ
ȥĵһоҾʶ˹ģΪʯùʯģÿʯ֮󣬾һ鷢ʯⷢʯΧһȦȥһһ棬Ţ͸ԴĽʬ
ȻֻǲſΣʯͷȻĹ
ȻҲĸоҸţ˭ｨһĹǽĵط
ʯͷȴ˵һֱú棬Ϊʲô֮ϻһ֮ţӾӦ˽Ĺôһȵĵطڣ֮ţһС͵ȣȻҲûмȣҲֻҵĲ²ѡ
Ȼֻ˲ԶĹţĹſӦǱƻˣһǱƹģٵĳ̶Ⱥʯͷϲ¾Ӧþһ߾꣬һŰһĶµĺۼ
ȻĹѾûˣҲͲ÷˼ȥĥδĹţҳӦһĹΪĹͿԿǾ˭Ĺȴд뵽Ů潨ĖAӹ᲻ǴĹ
Ϊ˳Ҳ˵·ͣԼһµʱ䣬ӖAӹεﶫأм佫ʮ꣬ŮҲѾƣʮʱҹǾڴͨѰҵ֮ţֻߣĪԼĹأҪʮ֮ãҲ²ǴĹܽĹأֻҪȥ˲Ż֪
һ뷨߽Ĺ֮ڣĸֵȷһĹңҲĹӣٴǿӣҲĹĹ֮ڣһһߵĹֻдš֮Ĺ
ҲһĹѾˡ֣ۡ͡ӱҾصֻڡϣۺ֮ܿе֣֮ǰĳƺʼͳһԭ֮󣬵Ĺжáּ֣ۡٳ֡Ҳ˵ĹϣֻƲĹǰ֮ǰ
Ȼʯͷ˵̵ĵۺţһĹ
⼸ȫҵϣʱҲʶ֮ǰǻһ̴ģĹΪʲôᱻ̳һĹ
ʯͷĹ͵ǵۺţƣҲ˵˼ˣŵܣӦôˡ
һ𾪵ؿĹĹô˵ѵҲйأ
ʯͷȴҡҡͷ˵ǲǱдСģֻ֪ԣȴ֪֮ǰûκζŰļأйŰļضڴս֮󣬶Ҵ඼ʷܿܵļأָᷢļɷǳ٣вٶǳġ
ʣΪʲô
˳ȴӿ˵ΪʷģȻҪϸǰֱʵʹУҲҪдȥ˿ߣȻΪȻЩ˶к³Ǳɱ⼸ܲУÿ


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ʯ׺ף¹ڹ׺׵ĺȣʯױһҲһƿĺȣҲ˵ĺȣԵֿܴ𣬾ĹˣľҲܰȻ
ӣʱĶӦѾ棬ǽ֮󾿾ַʲôȴö֪
֮ڽȥĹϷ˼ʬ壬ʬѾظ֮ٸɿݣֻʣһüӣ˭ҲѾ޴ӷֱ棬ΩһԿݵģϴŵ·ȻѾǧٿףǿԿʮķװû
Ȼʬ壬ôӦ쳣Ķ˾裬ϸػһĹǰλ÷һнӡ
֮ܿһнӡΪմʯͷ˵ʵģҲ˵һֲȫɭܵظţģ
ѵﾪһ־ÿԲôĻǲ;Եĺۼģô֮⣬˭Ҳ
ĹĸִĹӦúܼ򵥣ƾֻһĹҺͶңȻ߽ȥԶǶңнӡһֱڣʧڶҵſڣǿ˿ңƷǴ඼չһ࣬Ʒܼ򵥣Ļȷ̴Ķ֮⣬ǴӶ˳ĹߣѾĹҡ
֪ʲôԵʣƷǳ򵥣һֱ֣ΪʲôȻ
ʯͷ˵Ǹϵĺᣬϼ෣ǻƵĺᣬ漰ʱĸֲһʱҲ˵֮ʱƵȽս˿嶼нˣʱƵҪһ˶Ǿءɽһĸĸⳡսг࣬ԻƵʮָмĸá
˻ǲ⣬Ϊҿʷ˵Լժ¥ԷٶĶܸķϣĹôܵ
˳˵СĶү˵Ĳ٣ȷܾƳ֮Էժ¥ֻСĶүϰʷͻ֣ᷢǰںͺڱ仯֮ʵ޷ĦҼһϦ֮ʹһλľ˳ıʵ̫ŹЩ
ţΪ֪˳滹лҪ˵Ȼһʯͷ˵һɣǰһˣҲͿԽͣΪʲô￴һĹ
˳Ѿ֪Ĺ£ΪȥϰʷڻóĲ²⣬Ҳ²Ǹ˲³Ҳ˵һ
ôȻĻⲻ൱ڵĿ¡Ҿ̴Ǿּ췽ҹ̷ʯͷȴһ˵Ҳ룬Сģһ·Ѿܶ࣬ûֿԡ
Ȼʯͷ˵ĵȷǲʵֻҾã֮Уһи٣ΪʲôһģһˣҲûиĸѵǴ˵ĸסĵط
ʯͷȴҡҡͷ˵䲢ûĸˣνĸֻһƶѣʷϴӴʼۼνĸһˣǸĸŮ죬ĸɽϣɽأ˷룬ԲΪĸһˣܵˣЩֻǶﴫѡ
ôҲĪҲΪ˴˵е
˵֮䣬ѾĹ棬ǳϵģĹȴڹľڶʯףһĹҵ룬һŴǿʯס
ѵһĹֻһ˵Ĺңֻ˭һ
Ĺ漸ûʲôİ裬ȴǽ֮µʯ̨ϷһܹŹֵĶͱʯµʯ̨ϣһ̣ȴֳ㣬ʱһ㾹ȻµµתȻҿһϿһЩŹֵͼ̱ʮȷ֣Ƕʮĵȷ֡
ҲʲôҾ̴֣ʹõĶͭϵ˴ʱſʼʹãʱ̣
ҿһĶӦʱõģҿ˿ʯ̨ϣȴûЩҲ˵ҲʱĶ
ʯͷ˳ˣҲһĹ̺ʯûģ˳˵ΪʲôһʴûУ˵ǧ꣬Ӧǧٿףʴ˲Ŷԡ
˳˵һ벻һ㣬ѵǲֲɣͼϡŹ֣ʯͷ˳ҲϵãҲ룬⾿ʲôģҷĹ棬ƷΪʲôҪѡһ᣿
ʯͷ˵Ǿֻдʯ׿֪ˣ˵ţѾߵʯԣҽ̷ŻԭأҲʯԱߣҹţһڷ벢ұȽϴӦģСһڣȷ
ʯͷƿʯףʯ׵Ĺ׸ûбҲ˵ǿԻģҺ˳Ҳʹʯ׵Ĺ׸Ǳƿһס
һ˵жϣʯӦڹõģףڹӦòʬ壬ʯͷ˵ڹѾˡ
Ȼʯͷͳذף׵Ĺ׸ǱԵţذ࣬Ҳʬ屻棬Ȼ׺ڹ׶ȱôҲ˵֮ǰǲ˲ûд򿪹ڹľܿĹ⡣
Ǿʲô⣬ȴһҲ֪ΪҾ׾ٵؾͽˣ;ûΣգѾըĹţ棬ǳĹ﷢ּʬ壬ȴټô£뵽ҲЩһʲôĵطǾȻ׾ٵؾͽˣǲ˵ѾԽԽΣٽ
ĹûΣյĶûһĹеĻأôҶˣ˵ΣѾϢؽϣ
Һ˼ʱʯͷѾ׵Ĺ׸ǻذףȻҿ׵Ĺ׸һĹǷʯĹ⣬ʯ׹׵ףʯȷһˣȫŽ¡ʬȴ˿ûиõһˡ
ؿһۣ˾Ļô˵ʬõرţǧ˿ûиá
һǵʷĽ֣ǴŽԷٶģҲŽ£ʥȱҺԵǣǷõĶҲ뵽ڹ׺׵ĲʣȻҲǷĲʡ


һʮ 
ʯףޱȣǱһȻǷʯʯԵһԣǱ䲻״ȣϷĿģ
ʯͷϸһʬʬĿڱǵȵȶûסҲ˵ʬȫȻñģûоκرķ򣬵Ǽȷһ죬嶼Ѿ佩Ӳˣֻûгָú͸ɺЩʬĻ仯ѡ
ʯܸǵϢҲֻô࣬ҿʬ壬ԽԽɻ󣬱˵ԲǸʲôģʬΪλΪʲô᲻Ҳ֪
ɻ飬ֽעתƵԱСһЩʯϣʯ֮¾Ͷ̺Ͱ࣬氲ӦŮӲŶԡǽʯ׸ƵȴʯȻСǹ׸ǵȴǿʯ׵Ĺ׸Ҫ౶ʹ˻Žƿ
ƿ֮Ҳ֪ڹ׸Ϊʲôأǹ׸ǵĺȾһңҹȻҲһȣĻĿռͲһˣңʯ棬һ޸ǹףֻڹȴ÷ʯɵģҿһˮףΪڷʯڹһˮƴζš
˳˵Ȥ湻ģ֮󻹲š
˵Ѿյʯԣϸؿ㣬ȻڿЦ۾ȴ˸Ĺ⣬ƺҪͷһ
Ҳ֣صطһʯ׾Ȼ㣬ҾĴڲѳô򵥣ԭѳʣΪʵ벻ִ״̬ڹľ㣬һǵһμ
Ȼ˳ֱӣ˵СĶүкһģһͼ϶У
Ҳյʯױϸؿ㣬Ȼ˳˵ǵļźһͼʯںһɵζţ˿쳣
ʱоĹŹֵʱͻȻĹſڴһŲֻŲĹ߽ȷӦʯͷֻͻȻŤͷĹſڣͬʱѾĹſڿٵŲ˹ȥ
û߳ŲѾĹſڣֻվſڴ۾ǵһһɨȻЦ绨˵ǹȻ
˵ĳ֣һʱ伸ûзӦʲô£Ϊľ̫ģû˿˵ľ̫
ľ̫˾ȵؿһЦȻߵߣʯͷݣǡ
ľ̫ȴ˵˵ľѾˣСĶүС̫үǼģѾʬۻϣľʯ
˵⻰ʱ򣬾˵һؼһ㣬ʼմЦݣȴҾ쳣аȻ³һ仰ң˶ãҲ
˵ѾߵʢʯǰˮУܾͺζȻ˵㿴һģһעˮĶûУͬȴɣˮûһƵľٶǣȴϢϢأ޷ѡ
Ҳľ̫˵ʲôȻҿͻȻٵˮУ͵ץסһȻýؽˮó˦ڵϣ뿪ˮֱڵϺҵţȻľ̫ʯͷ˵㲻ŵĻɱԣ
ҿʯͷɫ쳣䣬ؿľ̫Ȼγذףһг롣
ϵȥʯڵȴɻţҲûʶֻͬһ֮Ѿȥ
ҿľ̫ʯͷ˳ضʯڵ㣬ɫÿ£ȴһ仰˵
ȻͻȻʯͷڣƺˣ
ľ̫ȴҡҡͷ˵ʵȴ
Ȼ˿棬ͻȻ˵ʣµʱѾǲҪˣԺһۿķ
˳ĬʱǲʶǵȷѾ㹻ʱ䣬Ǳ³뿪뿪֮ŵķΧ
Ȼľ̫˵ңҲ
ʱͻȻصؿһЦҿЦݣĪһҾͿĹ淢һĹ
ҿȵʵô£
ȴ˿Ϊ˵ǵػ𣬵֮쵽ôĵطȵĻԾһЩеĵؿ˶ҽȻѿķ϶ƴӿڣֻѾյɭ˰ɡ
ʯͷȴ˵꣬˵뿪ط
ľ̫վԭأûҪߵ˼ֻǶ˵ĹҵͷһǿԴһֱ˵Ļȥ
һͷʵ㲻𣿡
ٴһЦ˵ϾҪˣȥһҲαسȥأ
Ҳ˵ʲôҲʶǸľ̫֮˵ĸоаʯͷѾ쵽ĹſڣѾߣҸȥľ̫ȴͻȻסңǰӿڴͳһң˵ⶫõõġ
ҵͷһȴһͨ壬ʧѪ񣡡
͵˳¼ѪľȻľ̫ô¹̵ĹǲҲģ
ȴޱ˵ҴľݵѳģС
˵ͻȻֻҺüüǶ˵ϵͼǶԳƵģҲ˵໥֮෴ġ
˵˿ʱʯͷҵСģѾսˣ
Ҿаľ̫֪ܣ㾿˭
ȴ˵֪Լ˭ˣȻͻ֪˭
ҿѾĹſڵĴʵʯʲô
ҿľ̫Цݴ۾￪ʼϣϣ۾ͻɢȻҿЦʹ˶˽šͨһ˵ϣʱ³ŵļ֣³ߣ
̾ͱûһ۵ȥľ̫Ҳ˲ЩĹſڳȥĴѾӲɭĹʯͷ˳ҳһĹҵľͷܣ˾ͷҹ濴Ĺһһ˿ͨĶڣ˴æȥȻƴ
ȥ֮Ҿ͸оٴ˺ڰ֮Уһֱ϶ȥģ˭ĵȴ֪ʯɽпһͨĵһҪ㹻ʱ֣ڶҪȷĹҵڣԣ㶼ˡ
ڵΣݲȥЩֻ֪ÿһ֣ÿһ붼֮䣬ȻѾҽӿ˳ôϾͻһɽڣǱ緢֮ǰ㵽ȫĵطȥ


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ҿ̫Ѿƫٹһʧͻ£˵֮ڵѾ߰졣˲ϵĲ˾ɽ´ȥҿǰ治ԶǸʵһƬƬѩɽʯͷ˵ѩɽķܣҪﰲȫĶࡣ
Ǽ԰׳̵ٶɽ´ľʯ֮伱ٵشţֱҾҲܲʱͣһͷȴɽ´һ͸Ż⣬Ǳպһɽ´ÿ£һӹ
ٴηһɽ´̫֮ڳȥѾȫʵܲˣɽ´ϵľʯϣȫֻؿźһƬɽ´
һȥ֮ŵķΧڼһƬͨ죬ɫͻȻⲻҽҪӣʲôҪʯǾʲôȴ֪ͻȻ֮ǰ˳˵ģڱεʱ򣬴һֻɽ꣬⾿ǲǶﴫҲ֪ĻôγֵҲǲһĶ
Ҳӵĵ֮ͣɽ´½ȻֱֹʱҲһ֮ݵĻƻȥϾ͵ҹɽϵҹʮ־޴󣬶ҼŴ̹ǵĺ䣬һشǲ˳¡
̫ɽ֮ĿܼƬɽ´ɫҲ֪ǲΪ紵ھʯϵһͬһɽһֱ紵ŴǵĶУ쳹ɽЩԽԽʹĲҽУҲ룬ѵɽ˲ɣ
֪ɽһһȼգȻҲ֪ǴģֻյѾֿǵΣ֮ڱӦѾˣȱشž˵ⳡҲǻٻطġ
ţͻȻֻҹͻȻһƬ޴Ӱҿԭͨɽ´ͻȻðһɹɵỊֻ̇һɴˮɽ´Ķӿɽ´ӳĵط
ǿŨܵˮʱϣǴһҿʱͻȻֻЩƲһƮԭͨһƬɽ´Ȼð޹⣬ҹѾͻĴˮϨϣǾͱŨ֮СӦ˵Ũҵˮ֮С
ôҵķ磬һֲõĸоΪҾʲôзɹΪŨڵĹϵǸ޷ʮ֮龰
ʱֻ֮һ⻮žһҵ죬ʱŷӦ硣
ʯͷһã
Ȼʯͷ꣬ﲻڵ֮֮еΰɣ
Ȼ¡¡ڰ֮䷭ţſھʯ£ʯͷ˵ģĵһҪǰˣ
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ĿĲѰҵ֮ŵĴڣҪ뵽ѩɽ棬ľ̫Ķ鲻ˣҲ֪ʯͷΪʲôҪִŵҪȥ
ʱѾøӶŨߵ磬пҵ쫷磬ɽ´֮仹źˮ֪ЩˮնϿ֮УȻصºӣºӱ֮󣬲ŻһЩ֮С
ʯͷȴ˵û³ӣ´ʱҲ׵磬ȫΪ֮ǿĴĹϵΪĴڣＫײױҲΪʲôᱻ֮Ϊ֮ŵԵʡ
Ϊױû˿ԻŽͳȥֻǽⳡױ֮ǰ߳˵֮ŵķΧĺܽױǻԽǲ˵ǾԵİȫ
ɽϵˮɢ֮ѾһƬɽĺɫѾգһĻ϶һ޷ıꡣ
ҹʯͷϣŵ˰ҹѾʼС꣬ſʼ£ʯͷѾӾʯ˳Ȼ˵ҹ·´֮ǻʱ䡣
Ҳ֪ʯͷҪҵľʲôǼȻʯͷ˵һĵҽ˳棬ǧʪˣΨһʳ
ҹһɽ´ǹǣǷһɽ´ʱⳡȴĪͣˣһƬȴ꣬ʯͷһЩϲһȴֵǣϲǰĻǿȷҵ·ǵǣ˵ֻһЩꡣ
Ȼû꣬ǾһطϢһȫѾûκɹȥһ˯˹ȥ
ʱΧһƬʯͷ˳ѾˣҵǰȴǰããһƬֻǰҹĹɽϾȻ˴ƺѾΪһɫֻܿһ֮Ķ
ʯͷԤǰٷУŵ꣬һͱ˴Ĵ֮УǸ޷·
ֵĲͻĴоǴӴ֮вϷֻޣǽؾңԶĸһѾɵʮǹǣȴ޷ֱ⾿ʲôԴϾˣһϵѭš
Ǿεȷ֣ѭԴһظȥ˼Ϳ˺ǰǽڣɫʯͷǿĳǽȻһģһ
ҲЩ죬뿪ʯͷҲĸɽͷôһܵʯͷǵıˣɻɻǻǽһֱǰߣǽںҼʯͷǽһģһֻһһֵˮ
ǽȴǸ쳣ҲؿһĻߵĲȴûͣǽ˺Զȴûеͷ˼Ũ֮Ǹ֮Ķеɻ
Ҽǵɽ´ʱûһǽģ˾ʯʲôҲûУȴʵʵģм٣ѵֻһĹڵɽ´ͳһǽڲɡ
ңĲͬĵطǣߵǽڵľͷ˵ǽڵĶѴǴѿڴǽ棬ҲһƬŨǰߣȴֽ°͹ƽĶʯ·ѾˣӲģ¶ȺԵɽ·ǵĽƽ̹ĵ棬һ׶೤ʯͷһһ㳡һ
ǰ˲ԶͻȻǰһһŨ֮еĹųǣǼʯͷһҲʯͷɣǺȻ˿ûбƻȻЩ¾ɣȱҴضδ֪ζ
ǾȻɽ´ҵһųǣ


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һʮ 
һųһˣѾ˺ܶ꣬ǲΪΨһһǣֻڴĹϵʱߡ
ҹųǵĹ쿴ȥǼʯͷǣȴһأʲôأʱ֪
ǿԿ϶˾סΪ濴˹ư裬δѹɣҿڣȴһزɻЩѹɶһ߾ģҲ˵֧ȥľ׵Ķĵط
֮⣬ûҵĶѹҲڵϷֵģҴӹưЩϿƺ˺ܳʱ䣬ֻΪʲôʲôȴһ֪
ȻпЪϢĵطôǽЩȡ˻ȻѾٽ죬Ϊԭĵ£ʮֺ䣬ӷֵһʱҵּѾЩľˡ
һǾһѻڽҵ̣ʯͷ˵طԽƺԽ֣رõ̵ʱ˵ɽϼûľҲɽ´һյˣ¼ǲѣ棬Ĳ̣
ʯͷôһ˵һ;ͷΣʯͷ˵Ъ£ȴɢˣٵĵһ굽Աɽ档
뵱֮Ҳֻˣ˳תһȦûʲôرĵطҲԱ£ֻⳡ֣һǲģǱϾҶѧҲǺܶҲôȷ᲻ɽϵҪһЩ
ǲ֪ôģǻ뵽İããһһִǾ֮Уִһֱ쵽ҵĵףҾһȻȻعŷԼˡ
Ĵ֮УҲߣʧ˷ҪɢˣǱֻˣɢĻ͵Ƶˡ
ڻһٴϮҲ֪˯˹ȥѹʱŨģҲ֪Լ˯˶೤ʱ䣬ʱֻǿʯͷ˳ͷڵʲôڸʲô˵ҵһʽӣǷʽģˣǿܲ
˵޺Ҳ֪ʱ䡣
˳ȴ˵ǿ֪˶ʱ䣬㿴ŨþòɢһʱɢȥˣǹƵﳤš
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ŨǳʱǰŨܣڻԾˣһ滹Щ䣬Ҵ˴֣ԴȻ̧ͷǰųǡ
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ұżǰߣǴɻлعңȴоΧͻȻЩ쳣һͷһʯͷȴֲ֪ʲôʱʯͷѾˡ
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˳ҵعͷʯͷˣҲǺܾȣңʯͷôˣ
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˵Ļ֮ҾԼҲĿԣΪʯͷǻͻȻǶˣѵͻȻʲô
Ϊʲôĵ뿪֪ͨҺ˳һ


һʮ 
ʯͷʼûлӦǣҲʼûߵǽڵľͷͷԭءҺ˳յʯ棬洫һ󡰶塱ļƿʯŽȥŷֻӾȻ졣
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˳ˣһһ飬ȴҿԭڵϵ費֪ʱѾŵ˷Ų̵ʯ̨ϣֻǷڻԲԶģʲôʱܵſڱˣط˽Ųġ
ѵʯͷҺ˳ʯ۲һ飬Եƶۼ֮⣬ȴвʲôֻ
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ڵϣûлشңʱҲŷ֣嶼ѾӲˣҲ˵Ѿһˣ˺ܾˡ
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һԾһʱ˳ں溰ңһͷӦһ
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⾿ʯͷ⻹˳õķ̫棬֮һʱ侹Ȼʯͷܵˡ
ȻʯͷһûһվһʯңͻȻʣ˳ôڣ
ŽЩ¸ʯͷʯͷ֮û˵һ仰ߵѾƬʯͷ˸ǰϵʯһƬͳذ׽Щʯͷ˵һֱڻɣʯͷҲڵ¿ķʯ
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ʯͷ˼Ƭ˵콫ʯó֮ıͱͨʯͷһĻҺɫʱⷢʯǻģô᲻÷ʯ˵ӣȻһЩķʯ˾ͻǼЩһʯ꣬ʯ˾ͻͨʯͷˣʱʯͷ˾úȼչúһѣÿʯʯŶǿӣ
˵ʯͷϵʯ鶪ڵϣʯֱҳƬȻʯͷ˵Щƣ


һʮ 
ʱʯͷֽתƵ˵˵зһֱǣǵֵʱȴȾܣǾ׷ȥ˵˶ʮϤ¾Ũʧȥټʯͷ׷ȥԶȴطһ档
û߽ȥͻȻܵϮϮ˾һֱ׷ŵǸˣƺǹҪʯͷȥʯͷҲʱſ˵òһʯͷӣȻмǸͷСĹһģһҲ˵ʯͷҼͬһˣ
ϵʬʯ֮ǰΣ˵˳ʶʬʱʯͷӳ˼ԭ޹ϵ飬ôһͱϵһͷʯͷȻʯͷעϮʯͷʵ֤ɹˣʯͷߣһ·׷
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ʯͷޱؽһóһзŽȥһȴȫĺëⲻǿ־壬ǹ죡


һʮһ ֮ҹ
һдŴĻһƬڰͿʲôǻȴһֱڶҿԿһӰǽֱȻ֮гһѺ㣬֪ѾϨֻʣ»̿Ļѡ
ȻӰߵ˻ԣƹڵϵǸˣֱߵǽߣһĻʱҼֱӣΪ֪ǽڱߵ˾ҡ
ȻߵߣȻӣңʱһһߣһضضڿ˯ȴһҲûʶ
Ļ棬ȫĺëѾֻоƤһڷ֮ͻȻ̧ͷŵӻ棬֪ڿһ۾ֱֱؿңȻͻȻ¶˹Цݡ
Ҽ˲ʯϵ⻭ʵ̫ڹˣҸٿȥʱʯͷ˵Сģ㿴
Ҳò½صӵĻϣֻԭڵŵǸͻȻվֻǻ̫ڻ谵Ҹ˭ȷվˣվʱҿԭҵʬͻȻҲվȻѸٵǰڰֻҡӾ͵ȥƺǱʬʬһȭȻʬʬĽžߣǿʯ̨棬һ֮ٴ߶£Ŀתؿ˯ҡ
֪˲ңǡġȻѾ˵ܶˣҺ͡ġʵһˡ
ֻҺǣһдŴһˣȻûгòҹ˾ʯͷǵһдŴȴûˣôȥ
ѵ˳һ뿪ˣ
Ҳ֮֮ĻָֻһĳֱٴιһЦһдŴҲˡ
дŴҾһͷˮƵĳǷϣǷڡġǶϵһֻ⾪˵֮ȷ˷˼ʼգҶ֪Ǹ˵˾˭ѵǿǸͷСĴͷ˾ǴŴ˵Ǹ˲ɣ
ֻԺѾˣȻ׸ңҾǸովϵȴûϵ֮Ǿúܹ졣
ʱԭѾɳɳĻУͻȻ͵һ棬ֻǼֻӳڻ֮Уʱ䱻λãһֱתͬʱҲδδôתʱͷǲһһ
ҵĻһֱظ棬ٲͣ£ԭ򾲵ʯͷȴһӴʯϵȻ˵ֻǺҪһǻģ
ȻʯͷңֻûĻֹ
Ұֻӵ㲢Ѿ˵ˣȻ˵˳ȷλãҰ˳ķҲ˵һ飬ʯͷˣżˣҿûѾ¥ߣҪصڴʯֻӡ
Ҳ׵ӵĻʯͷ֪ʲôһͷˮظǲû߳ͻȻʯһδδŵڳһ
ѭԴȥȴһʯҵ¥ݿڿǸϤӣҲ֪ʲôʱ򱻷ģ˭
ҿʯͷŹȥȻϸؿӣʯǰ͵ӻϵӶԱţҿȥȴֻӺ͵ӻӵλþȻһģһ
Ҳ֪⾿ζʲôʯͷŽӷʯϣҿһ˿ʧı˵СģҲѾ˵һֻӾʾʼն㣬θı䶼صλãС㣬ûпֻӵķ붯
ҡҡͷȻʯͷʶʲôһ˵ûֻûҪһ֮ǰǻᶯȥһģ
ʯͷôһ˵һûرע⣬ΪֻӵʱҺ˳ʯ棬ҵʱ˳õӣѵҲǷľ뿪ʯң
ʯͷֻӾʲôܾȻôأΪʲôֻ֮ǰŻƶһ񣿡
ʯͷӽ͵ֻֻͨӶѣЩȫΪڵط
ʣطʲô֣
ʯͷ˵Ӧûǵڵ֮ڣΪ泬ǿĴʹʱʱҪԳ˵֮ڵȴİ¡Ĵȵ֮ҪǿҲ˵ʱ䣬ҲǸ죬ֻߣһϣ
ұʾʯͷʱȴͻȻֹסĿͻȻۼֻϣ˵Сģ쿴ֻӣ
ҵ߶ֻϣֻתֻӵķ뾹ȻڶȻ⶯΢΢ǻǱǿˡ
ʯͷ˵һȦһ㣬ĺҹͰ˵Ӧ賿㣡
ʯͷĻδ䣬ֻԾʮĿ̶ȣӡ塱ȴӾңΪҲӵ
ҺʯͷһؿֻӣӻҲһֱظţֱͣ£ҿӵĻͻȻɢȥعһƬɳɳѩ棬ϣֱһȡҿӻǼԲ̣ڷɿתţͼ˵Ѹٵת£ȻֳһͼתԲϵͼǿĵһдŴļݡ
ʱŻȻΪʲôЩԲϵͼȫͬΪǾǼ¼¼õģϰٸԲ̣Ҳ˵ǿͨЩԲ̿ĳһʱһУ
뵽Һʯͷ¥±ȥǻûе¥ݿڣȴֻ¥µĴҴһʯͷһã
ȻѸȥȥʱÿһӰӰʧϰٸԲѾȫã
Ұյؿһصʯ飬ֻǲôһѣ
ʱʯͷͻȻڣԭǿԵõЩģǼǸͷˣҲҲʲôģֻΪûܰסѾˣ룬ܿȥǸطʲôܣ벻ͨΪʲôҪϮң
ǰʯͷ˵ĻôҵʱǲҲʲôֻûĿģΪҪӺң
ΪֹǻҲϵһԿ϶ǣÿֻӵһΣǾͻʧȥһǷǳҪȴ澿βݵģ﾿ʲôţΪʲôҪ
ʯͷʱͻȻһһ˵ҲԽҲԽ


һʮ ܶ
Һܺ棬ĵӺ¼Ӱôģһ̨ӾȻõԴͿʹãǲϳġ
ţǰ˸ĵӻͻȻʧȻһƬʯֻҺʯͷĻյáȡ죬ȻٰŪӼΣȴѾ޷ٿˡ
ʯͷʱ˵ЩӦʱһģбס˲̵ʱ䣿
ʯͷŪҾ͸ˣҼȻгֹʯͷ͡ġʯͷľסôʱӦȥľ֮ǰҲ˵Ǳһ߾ʱ򣬶絽һʲôʱȴö֪
֮ҺʯͷҲûͣžȥﻹͨһ¥ݣǵߵһʱȴѾʯұʯһĵطȷһ£ǺҼʯͷǵĽ췽ʽһģɽɽĵΣھѾɽ档
ǿʯߵΪģȴ֪ãǿģƺЩĹصӣȻֻҵĲ²ѡ
Һʯͷ߽ʯ棬ֻû߶ԶȻʣʯһȻγɵܶʯܶһĺˮʯе䵽ϣһ
ռܶһСΧʯι״ûʲôȻγɵģȴֲΪЩʯԱѻȥǺһҺʯͷھվЩѻľʯ档
ҽʯգȴְ͹ƽʯϾȻһ˴СʯⲻãһҲһʯﾹȻˣҿǰĴͷ˵ͷǾʹʯڵʯѾûʯ֮С
ʯͷҲЩʯŵ漸ΧܶһȦΪڵλ̫͵Եʣһʼûз֡
ңЩѾˣֻûиãҿǵͷţϣ鿴ȥֲʯͷѵݸңȻһͷ˴ʯ˳
˵ʵʯͷʱҾڰܲһʯͷͷ˴ʯγŵһߣ˿ʯƵĿľЩͷˣ沢պһͷ˵塣
Ȼʯͷϸоͷ­ͷ­ⲻôˣǳͷ֮⣬ӳ˱һ˰һЩ֮⣬ͨ˼ֱû
Сģãͷ˿Щ죬ƺʯͷ˵Ҽ߽ضޱȵͷ­ڿƺڻſܼΡ
ʵһʼҲЩ죬ɾ벻ʯͷôһ˵һģ򲻻ôǿҵϤС
ʯͷ˼һ˵㿴ͷ­ڰɫѪĹͭˣ
뵽ʱ龰ôЩƣʯͷ˵ʱЩͭ˱棬Ӷ˹ŵģǲѾ־ǵݣ￴Щʬ壬ѳģôûв´ĻЩͷӦūŶԡ
˵ô˭ĹҺ͵֮˽
ʯͷȴҡҡͷ˵ܿѾǵ֮ŵķˣĹŹʵЩ쳣һΪʲôĴһֱɢڶΪʲôеһ֧㼣㲻ʱ⣿
֧ǲʵⳡҲȷĺأֻǹʱ⣬ֻûмʱĶѣֻ᲻֮ҾͲö֪ˡ
ʯͷûټͣͷ·Żصʯ֮УҿüƺʲôʱͻȻ洫һʮˮʯûգһȦȦĲƣʲô׹档
ǵ߱ȥʯͷѾ˻ߵ˺ϣѷŵź棬ƺ뿴ʲôǾֿ쵽ߵʱֻˮ͵ؼʯͷĻѶʱ𣬶Ѿʲô¶ˮ棬һûп壬ⶫٴ˺УֻʣˮһƬʯͷۼֿ죬ѾŻѳˮ˽ȥһˮȴ˿ա
ʯͷվ˵СģСЩĶЩ쳣
˵ȴһЩҲ֪ʯͷ뿴ʲôȻ߼һʯ͵Ͷ뵽УٴνһˮϣҾͿƺʲôܵ˾ţźڶؽһҿʲôٴδӺ﷭
ⶫÿÿžҵˮ֮߻谵ҸʲôֻǴӽˮȷӦһȻ
ȻʯͷͻȻվ˿˵һ
˵ʯڱϿһҿҵصƺʲôҪһˮһںɽţÿһˮһߣ涫Ӵ
ˮηɽ޴߾ûдӺҺʯͷ˺һ󶼿һֻǰˮǻС֨֨Ӻ洫ʯͷһ˵ںˣ
Һʯͷעۼںϣȴ䲻ʲôͻȻŻвӥôһֻҸϽ̧˻գȴһֻںĶӺϵʯзɳĿĵؾǵĶ԰Ȼڶ԰£עȥĶȴȫǸߵʹʯ񣬶ʯԼԿһӰ͵棬ҿͣڶǺںĶ¾ַʯͷѾãʳ𣡡
һʳвӥôһֻȺӵģûʯϵŵľͶӦⶫ
ʯͷʾҶ£Ǿζھʯ󣬵֪ǿģǶھʯ󣬻ǻᱻ֣ʱȴʯͷѾĵʯڱϣʯеĴͷСض˵ȥǵñͷ
Ҳ֪ʯͷδ㣬ǽ˽ȥֻʯҵļⶼ¶棬ҾԼȥʯͷһߴͷ˵ʬ壬ԼҲ˽ȥ
ʯͷһУͻȻһļܶ𣬽ҾͿʯϺȻµһƬӰڸ棬ʳļͳڵܶЩʳѾˣֻܶأһ֮󣬽žͳ˹
ʯͷСغ˵Сģʯǲҿʯģ
Ҳ֪ʯͷжϳʯǰȫģŬԼȥҸоѾŵ˵ףصŶףƴؽȥʱͻȻоŵ͵һɣƺǶѾҵͨһȻҽŹԾʯﻬȥ


һʮ ۶ү
к˽ȥڻĹУҸоСʯһĿռ䣬һûüӦͨ͡һˮ档
ȥһ˲䣬ˮͻȻһɾ޴İҵȥ˼£ȴʹΪһ֮УҾֱİˮ
ұһһϵİŪ˸߻أƮŷܶµĺϣúʯһߣȱˮʵڵ˫ƴץסʯϵʯԼȶҽͷ쵽ˮʯķ϶Уҵغš
ҼȷڵطǸոܶ￴ĺһģ뵽ˮҵԵɣҾ뵽ʯͷ˵ĺдĻҸץʯһҶ
Ҳ֪ʯͷôˣȻһȥЩͻȻ͸оˮȽűʲôסʮִûз͵ٴˮУʱȫˮƴصⶫȴŲѣұȥʱ۾ȴ֣ˮ׾Ȼй
ǺƺǴˮģҹӦþǺףֻΪ̫ԵʣЩںϸ
ҵƽһЩⶫҲˮȥҾҪϢǺˮʱҵȴ͵һɣȻҸоʲôյϣҧסⶫȻҵĿУƴţŷһܡ
ʱע⵽һˣҾˣǱˮ£ϻͲҲ֪˭һƣʾסȻÿԼ˼ڣ·Żߡ
Ҳ֪ʲôˣҪ뺦ҵĻͲˣһֱǱȥҲ֪ҪȥԽӽףԽ˺׵ʱҲŷ¾ȻһƬʯʯ󣬶ʯ֮оȻһʯȻ˳Ҵһƣƺ˵Ҫȥʯ棬ȻҳһʯǱȥҸоǳĵطȥ
뵽ʯ֮Ҳŷ֣һʯ˶ʮϤشʯдţһǾʹʯ˳Ȼһ·ΣȻֵһߡ
ֻߵƻͨҿϻסѾ˹˿ȴ£ȻȵؿڣӴⲻСĶү𣿣
˵Ѿﺰ۶үСӾȻСĶүӺǱˣ
۶үѵүү
Ȼҹ濴үү̴ľȳҶ˳򣬹үүүүҲûоȣֻЦǺǵ˵Сӣһ·Ϊˣ
˵ŰҴ˸׸ɾ·ϣµĻЩţͷҳԣ˵ʯͷܶүүȴû˵ʲôֻ˵СӣţʯͷǱһᰲŵġ
ֵֻؿүүûȥʯͷ˼үүôģ
үүЦŸ˵Ǵһ·ûо֮ţǾһȴö֪ҵ˵ľ̫ѾȥʱүүҲû˿ȣֻ˵һжԴģѾǺƽ¡
үүҲûһ·ϵֻ˵˻ˮǸѾ֪һЩ˰ɣԣ㺰۶үͺˡ
һ·ϵ۶үһȫ֪ˣ˵ʵѵǡġ
۶үȴûлشֻ˵ǲôҪСӣؼ㣬ǡġ𣿡
޷شҲ֪ġһʲôˣ֪ĴҲֻͨһЩƬͱ˿ͷҳĬʱүүͻȻ˵ҿԴȥ
Ҿȵؿ۶үҽʵ﾿ʲôط
۶ү˵ʱȻͻ֪
Ȼ۶ү͸ڳһطϢﵣʯͷİΣ֪ôʳȫûУ뵽Ե޹ʳ۶үĶ飬һЩΣţҲһ˯ҲûУڴϷһߵ档
ЩƻæµţҿˮǱȥúбģȴǱˮޣ֪кһ
ҵЩƵһһɨǵҿһƵʱȴ˾Ȼ죬ȻҿתͷһЦҲžƤ
ҶؿߵߣЦ˵СĶүôòԽˮˣ
ʹûģҲƽϣЦ˵ȥģô۶үĶеģ
ȻʣѾ֪˴𰸰˾ŷ֣ȻʯͷþȵģôƤҲӦð˾ŲʮԼҲŪƤȴѾ͸ҵ˼˵Ȼµ˾ͱˣ
ȻƤûҲһûУ
ᵽ֣Ƥɫҡҡͷ˵ûл
һ󲻺ùƤֻ˵ûлҲһ˵һ£һ˻ʲôģ
Ƥңڳһεı飺ȥ۶үҲ֪۶үƢ
֪Ƥ˵Ҳǿ׷ʣȻƤ˵˵˳Ҳһȥ
˵ǽʱʧˡ
Ƥű㲻˵ˣʱ۶ү˳ҺƤģкҹȥƤߵһ߼£۶ү˵СӣݶϣҪ϶һȰٲˣµĸӳ̶ȣԶ㻹ݽȥѡء
Ҳ֪¾Ǹӵʲôĳ̶ȣ˶ҪȰңȻ۶ү˵үүﻹǶ羴ηģô˵ȴ֪Լ˭ҴҪȥ
Ҵûôռ⣬һҲԼұԼԵɣһҲò֪⣬һ˻֪ԼǴ̥ģȷǴ̥
۶үϲ˵ȴȫǾǿɫͻȻЦε˵Сӣ㻹ôǿΪڳ¼ôٻĥƽһЩһǴˡԼѡ·Ȩ棬СӣȻѡȥͱҪӦԺᷢκ£Լ
۶үһκ˵һ֮ǰѾӦһеľģһһ˵Ҳڣ
۶үһٱ䣬ֻ˵Щ޷㣬ֻܿԼȥѰңġһЩġ


һʮ 
ڶ۶үʱ߳һʯߣ֮ûдˣƤ
ʯ棬Ȼ۶үһ·ʯߣʯ໥ͨһԹһ۶үһ·߽ȥҼǲס·Ҫһ˽϶ʧ档
һ·۶үƤ˵ҿ۶үһֱڿʱ䣬ƺԵúܽһĲߵĺܼȫһʮˣһ·ҶƤҵܹ죬ʼվ۶үƤƺʲô
뵽ʯߵҿʯߵǽϵม񣬶ҿ˳һЩȫǺҿĴͷһģһ״ҺȻʯϵݣǶײ㣬ʯͷ˵ģǵūû
Ȼ۶ү˲ϺҽЩĺԴһֱȥڣʯߵľͷҿһΪ޴ʯߣʯߵһһŮӣ°ȴߵģҿ۶үʲôط۶үһ۵񣬸˵Ů洵ĵ
ôβˣŮЩ񻯵ĺۼ۶үûйغҽЩǿתŮ洵ĵȥһ䲻ôʯңСʯȴֻһǾһ͸ľ޴ʯͷʯͷ棬ҿһˡ
͸ľʯһڹľһʯҵ룬ʯܣûбʻûи񣬳ʯˣʲôҲûС
ҿ˰˯棬ǡġ
ʱԺֻĸ֡ôܣ
Ҳ뵽ʯͷҵ˵ǣ˵ġľĪȥƴǺġʯͷȴû˵һ뵽ڰɫѪĹʼһֱߵǸһģһˣȻҶȷǷĺҳһģһڣ͸ʯͷ￴۶үеġġҲһģһңҾ۶үûҪƭңġġ
ֻ֣ȻǵĶһ߾֮ǰѾôġȻҲӦôľ׵ġġ˭
Ҿע⵽һ㣬ʯеˣȷǴżǸʱĶӷ·Ѿ˺ܶΣϴ
ҾѾԺˣ۶үվ͸ľʯ֮ǰ˵һֱġġ
ŬԼ侲ĳѾһΣŵġġǰҲûҹοһˣ
۶үҵ뷨˵ġţ
Ҳ֪һʲôʯͷҸӲ֪ġܵʯͷȥģ۶ү˵ţҲþȣΪ㻹ţҲѾһˣֲһֺαҪľʯ֮С
Ҷ˶˼۶үȻǡġô˭Ϊʲô᳤ĺһģһ
ʵʯͷѾҽ͹һΣҲǸ𰸣Ҿǡġʵ֤ǣΪҿˡġʵ壬ʵʵڴڵһġġʯͷ˵Һ͡ġֻһ˴ڡ
۶үȴ˵˵ˣЩҲ˵ֻܿԼȥ̽οЩ±ǻܣǲ֪ģѾΥŵԡ
ȻȷЩ۶үѾ˵ǳĬ͸ʯͷġġһʱ侹Ȼ֪ʲô
۶үֿ˿˵СӣȻѾѾԼĴ㣬ʱ䲻࣬Ͻȥɡ
Ҳ֪۶ү˵ʱ䲻ʲô˼ԽԽ侲ȴԽԽ뵽һϵ¼Ρ
Ȳ˵۶үγĪĵطģȻҲһֱƵ£֪۶ү˵ңҲۡ
ôľǡġӵԵɣһͬԹʯ֮УҸҪһǣŮ洵ĵҾŮ洵ĵһżȻΪŮ洺ѲĹϵĴ壬Ůǧ˿ƵϵڡġȻǱܺõı
û´ĻӦһĽأ㲻ǣҲӦһ˳ݶ̤ĵطʯΪʲôҪƳԹӣ
о۶үϤĵƣȻġֱӵĹϵ᲻һܣǹӽġΪˣǺȴţǾֽ
ȴͲǸĺŵһģһˣÿζ˵Ū˭ˣȻͻ֪˭
仰ҲڹŪ飬ôһϵ¼Ľ㾿Ӧһģ㣬ЩŵϵڣȴҲ
ʱ۶үһδߴٵСӣǸˣ
Żعҿһۣ۶үϵıʼûбֻƤ֣Ҹоƺʲô۶ү˵˲˵ôµȻٲ˵һ
ֻǿƤΪ۶ү£֤ʵҵһ²⣬۶үΪʲôᱻΪС̫ү˳˵ܼҷΪԺԺԺ̫үִƣôԺĵңӦ۶ү
ȻҲԸԼĲ²⣬Ǵֵļˣֻ۶үΪϣҴ˳ĻѾֹһΰʾֿԡ
۶ү´ҳȥһͷһۡġͻȻоһĪĲԾָоѸٵ﷭ţھŮ洵ʱصضĿһۣһȴ͵ҵ߸֮ǰʱӡΪӺ濴ʱҿ˫ţһ˵ӣո֮ԻβȫΪ߲ϣ°ȫסҿһִֻţһҶݡ
ҶݣҲ࿴һۣȷ̫үԺİҶݡ
ʱ͵ػͷȥ۶ү۶үǰ棬Ƥ˰벽ľ룬ȻҰص˵ͷ
Ҳŵػһ⣬ƺҳƤѸٵشһɫʾҿߣֻԽԽƽѾʶµĲԾҺܲԾ
Ҳұֳ飬۶үԭ·ȥصܶӪأҿǸСӵѾվԭأǻѾЦӯӯ˵СĶүѾǱȥһأûҵС۶үСĶүǲǴǹȥһ⣿
СӵƺѾõ۶үɣ۶үͣϣҲʯͷİΣ˵У
ȻСѸٸһǱˮҽϣС֮⣬һҲһȥƳһƤʱȴûʲôˣͬʱҿ۶үֿһα


һʮ ش
ȻСѾ׼ãʱ˲ЩѸٴǱˮһоСӴһƣȥҽȻһ
ػСӴ·ȥҽظţΪ֪׵ͨ͸ո߹ʯԹһģԲעͻʧ棬Сᳵ·һѽ뵽ͨҷʯĹҲѾںҾǲҴӺڰ׵Եʣܾý֮ĹƺЩЩ
Ҳû˼ȥЩСӻͷҴһƣ˼ҸˣȻ˽ȥ洩磬ܿǾʹ⻷۵ͨСͣˮлͷңҴһƣƺǷʲôԾҿѾתȥҲعͷŷָǸѾˣСӺܿǷһ㣬Ƶ˼˵ȥҿ
ҳͷֲõĸоڴ˷ҵҿСʧ֮ͨͻȻԽԽǿңŽȥĳ嶯ʱСӵӰѾʧͨ档
ҾʯţҾע⵽һ󣬾Ǻ׵ķʯڱ䰵׵ĹҲڱҲ֪Ƿʲô£ǲСǵİΣֲԴȥ
ʱͻȻеһζˮһؾԸеһɷǳİʯȣӾ˳ɰˮϷڣұʱҿһۺףˮ׵Ĺȷʧ
ұŸȥʱͻȻһ޴ӰˮУԼô֣ѵǱˮĴɣ
ںﲻϵŤţҵӲʹķȥˣֻҪѪһţҾǳĸвˡ
ֻˮвϵŤţұ޴Ĺһ׳ˮ棬ֳ˺ҸоҵײһӲĶϣ壬Ҳ֪ʱͻȻҵĸ첲һסҿ˿ȴʯͷ
ʯͷˮԱҺãˮشűܹ壬Һˮ֮ȴˮƮСôһֻֻ󣬿ϸ˲ŷЩʳʬ塣
ҲˮϣҲǵʬ壬ҾؿʯͷΪҲΪЩʳԵ޹ʵؾҺȻǵ϶һ˿ڣʯͷɱֻ˭
ʯͷһ̬ôʳȻһ˾͸ȫɱˣһ㶼û˵ʯͷȴںҾĿ⣬˰ѵͷ֣ңǱˮ
ʯͷôһ˵ʱҲСǻںףǴͷ־Ҫٴȥʯͷȴס˵㵽ôˣˮʲô
ֻݵ˵ˣҸʯͷͨ£ȴûü˵۶ү£˵ҿʯͷɫͻȻһ䣬СֵʱƺʶҿıͻȻ
Ȼ˵ǲˣ
ΪʲôʵѾԼĲ²⣬һǲģʯͷ˵ˮİ̫ȥֻ»ΣգҸոҲûǱףҿ˺ƺ⡣
һǵú׵󼸺ѾŬ˼·ͻȻ뵽۶үһ·Ͽ龰͵뵽κʧЧ۶үıôʱ䣡
뵽ͻȻ𾪵ؿʯͷոʯĲ²ȫӿԺڳһʯͷʯͷ˿ʱ֮⣬ʲôԾĵط
ʯͷЩؿңȻ˵ռҲ⣬ƺǳʱɽ´ȻǲҪŪľβ֪
ҽʣôԡġ֪٣
ʯͷЩؿң˵Һ˵ľڲ֪ԭ򣬺Ӵ
ҽʣǺأôˣ
ʯͷ׷ʣ˵ҲǺ˵Ƿģ
ʯͷĻûУ
ʯͷʱһ˿ã˵Ҳǵˣ
ʯͷյһҲǵˣҽǱˮѵȻڰź㶷ʯͷȴû׷Ҿȥֻ˵ˮΪʳĹϵȥˮʱѾûҵӰˣǱˮףˮİ̫²ȥ
˵ֺĴĺܽʵǿ̫ˣѾ˼Ӳſ㶯ɾΪʲôҪʱǻ֪
£ʯͷЩҶһûһŵţʯͷ£Ҳٶ˵ںһֱ۶үǵ£Сӻһ˺ˮҲԽԽΣͻȻһֲ²⣬СǷһΪ˲ɫһʧٵ£ĿľΪ˲ɣ
ϵ֮ǰ֣ҵһĽͣ
ͻȻվľףľף
ʯͷңƺڵҼ˵ȥǽ۶үǵʯͷϸ˵һ飬˵Ǳסһҹ֮ʯͷȴüͷ˵ˮеڣҲһСʱʱ䣡
סʯͷ仰ͻȻȻʣǵȷǴͬһطʱϻв죬۶үľףȴҲ֪ĵطһҿ϶﾿ǲɽһ֡
ô֮ǰּҵĲ²ǶԵģŮʯϵİҶݾľ׵ı־̫ү˵˵ֲֻľײУĵطʱƤҰͷ˵ҵ뷨ǶԵģʱǵȷľףֻľ׵ĺδȴ֪
ʱʯͷ˵ǻأĴľһأλľ
ʲôģʯͷ˵ҲûȥȥȴѾǵˣ˵ôҲͿԽΪʲôȥľ׵ʱ۶үȽȥʱʯͷ˵Ǳ۶үµıǽȥʱ۶үȥǲ֪ȥ·ʧˡ
ؾʲôõģȴ֪Ů洵ĵѵйأ
ʼ޷Ϊʲôֻһ֮ҾȻȥľףЩͨô£ʯʲôԣͨʱƵģҲΪʲô۶үһֱôںʱ䣬һ·ϲϿԵʣΪֻҪһһ룬Ҿ޷ʲôĿģΪʲôһҪҿġӣ
ʱҶڡġֵɻһЩΪľףľ⣡
ʯͷһԵ˵ţҽԼĲ²ⶼ˵˼Ƭ̣ȻͻȻվ˵СģҲѾ뵽³֮ʲôˣ


һʮ 
Ȼʯͷ˵һпԵĲ²⣬˵ҲڵطǵŮҪĵض﾿ڻö֪϶һرǹĵطΪӸոҺ۶үǼľѾԿ
Ż»Ʋ˵طʱͿռ޷λôӦòɽϣǸԨǾһʲôĳ̶ȣ֪
ʯͷ˵֮֮ܿһͨڣֻ³ܸ״ԭϸڣʱǻ벻һǽʯͷ˵ֹһ£ǵȻмơ
˵ھʮʱһܿͻ;̫ƽϿգһƬããĴɻ֮к״ʱʧ飬ŷɻϵǱҲʼתܷɻʧأͻȻʧأȴû׹䣬ƽȷУڻĳ˿ͲûвɻƬɻ䵽Ŀĵأʱͻĳ˿Ͳŷ֣ǵֱʱʮӡ
ʯͷ˵£ҲΪǻܿͻĳ˿ˣΪֱΪֹǼǴʧ״̬˵ҵˡǿܶӣǵȷǴһƬɽ´֮Уɾһʲôɽ´ĿǰΪֹ֪
µʱ򣬺ͻȻһҵˮֻֿʼֵҵŤţҺҲˣ˳ʱջۣѾҧˡ
ҿʯͷ۾һֱͣںϣƺ˼ʲôȻһҵ𣬺ѵȻڿˮ׵ľӺﵯһӣͨڳ£ϡ
ֻǿһӣʯͷͻȻ˵Сģⲻߣ
ҿʯͷɫʱ޴ĶǸΪⶫҿֻɫϿŲԾһû
ʱžžƺֶ˼ܹҲԽ࣬ⶫԽԽ졣
ʯͷӲ˷˵СģСĵ㣡
Ȼͨһˮžʧ˺档
ʯͷľٶֱ̫ˣʯڱ߸ӿһЩⶫڵĸˣĶѣѾԷʮףͬӴͷʯϣʯ
ʱֻĪһһͷȥֻԭʯųһȦĴͷͻȻʯﻬ䣬˲ոջһͷ­ʯڣ˲ѾͺͺʯʯһƬ
Ҳ֪ʲô״ʯǰ˿һδʯֻʯʯ顰ұһϽÿʯ̮֮ʯȴ޶ҾֵʱͻȻ¡һʯڵʯѸٵ˿ЩʯϾ˺ôһѣվں̱ߵľʯϣֻʯضĴͷˣǾȻֱǶʯǽϡ
Щʬزǽ˵ʼ޽ǵʱ˾;͵ڵػȴ벻еؿͬĳ﾿ʲôطȻôūңôūǹⱻʯȥġ
ţͻȻһ˻Ҵͷһ飬һͷȥֻⶫ޴ĺɫ弸Ѿֳһ룬һһںϣҿϣʯͷ棬ȻƴʸⶫıϣҿʯͷذѾûĺ󱳣Ҳǿذײûе
ⶫھҵţ¶ˮһûˮУȻʯͷָûˮУֻܿŸż
ⶫŽ뵽ˮУžžعȫˣҿֵҰһںϺ£ˮҪ÷һ
ҾͿͻȻһУһǳУƺں׳ʲôȱڣڽˮ©ȥ
Ҿ£Īŵһͷٴͨˣ
뵽ٹܲϴϵ϶ŵǱˮȻȥ
һеǳҾԶдӱǱʼպ׶һƬ谵֮ǰѾûˣǱȥʱҸеʲôŹȥϸ˿ŷ־ȻǴʯµĴͷˡ
ȥЩӱԵǱףµʯȵȣȴ׾Ȼһʯ֮ǰҼʯѾʧӰ٣͸СǵӰˣҲӵ֤ʵҵĲ²ǶԵģҼ۶үǵĵطȷľףǱʯͷ֮Ϊصĵط
Ҳ̫뿿ȥдİ̫ң±ȥں׵ıԵǱһܣûзʲôʹˮ︡
ҸˮʱˮλѾ½һңҸеѾƽˣںľ޴ƺԼʧһҺ̧ͷȥֻʯͷں̱ߵľʯϣ޴ĺɫתȻѾˣŬӺߵλϰҿһʯͷָָⶫʬʵɱ
ʯͷҵͷȴ˵Ҳûʲô𣬶ӣһǳ𾪡
ʱʶʯͷڵȺˮɣ޴ĶѾ¶һңע⵽ʼգһȦӣŤʱҲԻߵ״̬֡
ʯͷ˵ӦϵĲ⣬ֻʵ̫ˣƺĲЩ̫һ
ʯͷ۾ֱֱؿź棬ôһˮܿѾ˵ףʱڿⶫӣȷǹֵ˲ٹֵĵزͰڵĻһںס
ΪȫͷβһնԲѹʯͷ˵ǲ⣬ֱȲ⻹⡣
ʯͷ˵ҲǵһμֶһǻģҧβͼģӦþҧβԭͣ
ҧβڷʱŮǷӣҺ˷˵ĵλ˵ĻôֺŮйأ
ȺˮѾ価Ѿ˺ںľ޴𾪵ģЩʵɫȻ˿ûбʴӡ
ҺһаֱӰ˸ףȻںףֻڰѾˣҿмӺ˳ŵ˺ױӶȱڵ˺ˮй¶Ҳ˵׻о޴Ŀռ䡣
ʯͷѾȥ˺ˮԺֳһ©ӣ׾Ǿʯʯʯͷߵŵĵطں׵£ԱǸ޴ȱڣͨĵط


һʮ ͷ
ҽǱˮѵԾҲȥ©Ĳ֣߲ܵⶫʵ̫Ӵˣǰһֻһȫܹ⻬ȻûƬʯͷذײȻγҿ˿ڴûѪʯͷȴ˵ⶫԼϣ
ʯͷ˵ͬʱҿϵ˿ڹ滺ϣȻֱʮֹ⻬Ƥ
ʯͷһȦȻָź׵ľʯ˵㿴Щʯпƽ״ʽ򷽻ԲҾӦ߱ʲôطӦþĶֻǲ֪Ϊʲôһ
ȻʯͷЩʯ֮ҵһƬƬ״ԲƬаô󣬶Ҳ˿û⡣
Ȼʯͷ׵ʯǿһЩȴ滹и࣬ʯͷһطҵƬʯͷں涼˿óһۣʯ棬һƬƬʲôģȴ֪
ʯͷһЩһƬԼʮһ㣬֮ʯ飬ֻʯȴһΪľʯƺǵΪľʯƺһ塣
һ嶼Ѿ׵ľʯȫסˣЩʯһ鼸мʮϰٶأǲܽЩʯһһ澿ʲôֻա
ʯͷֻصԱߣػصؿ⣬Ҿýܸжص⣬һֿԣôأ
ϵϼȻܹԼϣôոʯͷνɱģ
ʯͷȴ˵ԼģҲûɱ
Ҿò첻⣬Լģô£
ҿʯͷӣԼҲôֻڲػصȦӣҲһȦڷԱ֮Ϊͷĵططһҧβļ󣬾޶˶һȦ⣬ȻӴվǸģصԶˣȥԼβͣβʹ˳
һûȥıҪΪԼԼƵһѭ羿меһͬһ
ʯͷڷţҿʱ˳ʱߣʱʱߣҲڿʲôͣˣ˵ֵͼȻͬķ򿴣ȻһʮֶԳƵͼΡ
˵ԳƵͼΣ뵽Ĺ￴㣬ҶûףΪʲôᱻʯ֮Уľ̫ΪʲôҪɱһʯͷҲûҸ֪ľ̫еĽʲôûڴ֮Уôʲô֣
ϧѾػջ٣ǳʱûн׸ǺϣҲѾˮˣǧ꣬˴֮С
һ뵽£ҾͲ뵽ľ̫ľ̫ΪʲôҪѪңðմӳ¼͵ĶΪʲôҪң
Ҽǵãûܵκ˺ȴͻȻ͵˵ϣҿӣͻȻȥˣʱ˵ĻŹѵľ̫ɣ
һ˼صʵʯͷᵽ˲ϵͼעȥ˿Щͼɫ£ˮӡһ˼棬ϸ治ֻ֣ᷢǿһСΣ;ͼҼľ̫ҵǿѪ档
ҽѪóϸĻƣȻһģһʱȫˣѪͲʲôϵ
óѪʱʯͷͻȻתϣҿضѪͻȻʵСģⶫ
ǻ֪ľ̫Ѫҵ£ҽºʯͷԭԭ˵һ飬ʯͷüͷȴĸˣȻң֮ǰ۶үûкѪ£
ҡҡͷʯͷ˵۶үһֱѪΪ¼Ѫʧɵġ
˵ŽѪϵͼͲϵĶԱһȦȻңͼƻʲôϵ
ҿ϶֪Ҫ֪ҲͲɵվˣʯͷ뿴Ҽжûӡʵ벻Ǳ㲻ˡ
ǲʱͻȻ⾹ȻٴζӴµľʯһ󷭹һѵûոֻװȥֻˣ
ҺʯͷѸһߣҿһŷֲȻڶȴԵڻ䣬ǻļ󣬶ҿҲ˵̽ȥβͣ˵β⻬䡣
ȻһƤ˺ѵֻյڽϴʼѣҺʯͷɻؿţ˺ѿƤ֮УȻһ龧ӨͬˮһĶ˺ѵĽϴ
ﴢʲôһĻʱҵԺﻮһͷֱⶫѾ˳ҲŻعźʯͷǰ
ⱻ˺ѵûϣϵãҲ֮ǰżġҲһ͸ʯͷ
ֻ͸ʯͷ棬һŮˣķκͷʽƺǺܾԶˣȴʲôʱˡ
һͭͭؿڣ泯£ǿǾһƳһŵߣҿŮ˵ͷϵҲͷģһͷȡ
ţҿ͸ʯͷͻȻ۾ҼؿҺʯͷȴûκεı飬ϸʱͻȻֻ¡һһͷȥʱֻһֵľʯǹͣȻǴܶϷ׹ľ޴ʯ
ҺʯͷѸԱùԶ㿪ʯֻվŵķȥȻײ͸Ĺʯϣ޴ĳʹ͸Ĺʯ¹䣬Ȼʯͷһãͬʱ͸Ĺʯॡһ˺׵ĺڶ֮С
ţʯҲ˽ȥҺʯͷѸȥʯһƬڣʲôҲⶼͶȥֺ͸ʯ;ʯȥһûд޵׶һ
ǲŸոҵ벻̾ͷ⣬ҿʯͷʯıԵһʯͷȥȻϸţȻû
ô浹һʲôطѵԨɣ˵ĻǾ棿
ʯͷӲѿ￴˿ûķ֣ʯͷ˵ǵĴȥΪƬ쵽ܶʯڵ棬ǿĵطܷܲһЩ
Һʯͷǻû©εĺͻȻһʯȻҾ͸еµʯͷ滬䣬һͷһۣȴֺʯԵ֪ʱѾ˸࣬׼ıһ޴©ߵľʯڴ©֮ȥ


һʮ ռ
ҺʯͷƴȻ˺ֻ̣ľʯһȥžߵĺҲݣ龰ʯͷͻȻ˵ãҪˣǵøϽȥ
Ȼʯͷ˿ԥؾʱ·ȥǴܶܳȥȻʱʯǲŸ߽ʯ棬ֻͻȻһ޴ġ¡Ȼʯ䣬ܶͳױʯ֮ܶѾһ·
龰ʯͷ˿ԥҺ¥ȥʯңǸյʯȴͿһվʯǰֻӣδδ𡱵ﴫ
ΪʯڰбǵԵʣҲȷ˭ҿʵ˭
һػعͷȴʯͷȿڣ˳ӣô
˳عͷ̫ԶȥӰӰ´µģȻı飬ĳĬҾ˳ЩԾôʱҺʯͷ߹ȥȻЩŴ￴ʲô
˳϶ûпݣҿӵȷܲԾǿڣʯһţȻߣ߱˵ȥڴʯ˵ɣҷһЩµ
һȴ¥ȥˣҿһʯϵӣҪҪҲȥʯͷ˵ɣ
ȻҺʯͷҲתȥǲû߼ͻȻһֻӲ֪ʲôԭͻȻʯ׹ɢһأδδ𡱵ҲʹΪֹ
ʯͷһĵط˶٣û˵ʲôȥ
ǻصʯʱ˳Ѿµȼ˻ѣڻԣǳʵ淢ʲô£ܾ޴졣
ʯͷ˵һܶˣȴû˵ľ徭Ƕҵ쳣ֲֻᣬȻʯͷ˵ôҾûҪİʯͷ˵϶ҲĿġ˳Щû׷ȥҿóܵ䣬֪ʲôͻȻ
ǿĴŴݣһһˣţֻǿҲܲдŴ˵ʲô£ֻüͷǸ˵˭ǸҲûпֻҡҡͷ˵֪
˳ĬһƺľȻ˵ʵӦüǵҵģֻ飬Ҳ档
˵ʱͷǵŵģȻ˵ΪԼȷܼҵС̫үǻǺܾԺҲŷ֣ҪڵֳһҲ˵ҲһģӦ緢ֵģСĶүһȻҲ֧Уô᲻ǣ
˵ԳЦЦʲôˣȻӻͳһƵֽţݸҺʯͷ˵ǿɡ
ҽӹֽţȴһЩռǣЩֽŵıԵܲǴռǱ˺ģҿ˵һţֻھȻһŰһꡣ
ȥľ׵һ߾ҪҲ˵֧ȷȥľ֮ġ
ҿ˵һҳһҳռֻдݣȴûб£ҾЩ֣ǿһֵʱˣռһһҳֻд
ԭдϾڵģдˣֻдݣΪȷѾֻʣˣҲܳΪҲ֪ʲôʱҾҿҪˣҵһֻӣֻȴǻģûʱĸ
Ҳ֪Ѿ೤ʱ䣬һһҹܲϳΪҾİͺҹйɵģʱǰ죬ͻȻͺˣҲǼӵ£ʱ򣬲Ÿպ£ֻɰ죬Ͳݡ
죬Ҳ֪ܱ֮ܲΪ죬Ϊνİ죬ȫǰããĴ
Ҽǵȥɽ·ϣȴĪ˴ȻǾããĴҵǶܺһʲôĵطģֽĸоΪҲ·
ԭ·أȴҲ޷ҵʱһʯǽȱڣֻŨвϵ·ϵ·
һֱظʣҼѾԸоҪ
Ҳ֪˭Ǽһƪȥһƪֻд˰ҳƺûʲôдģҿ˿¶ظһƪһЩ˵һЩҲ֮ơ
һ飬ٷһƪһƪҴһ飬úһƪνӲ𣬶Ѿûˣֻ֣дţ
ŨһԹ˵ЩԹһʯ໥ͨģ淢⣬ƺһʯ˵˵﷢ʲôҲ˵ʮһУͷ˷ģԪ𣬷йһȥȫԭأҲ֪ǻᷢʲôԺ
ȥ˺ܳʱ䶼ûл˵ֻȴ̽һ£ʲô־ͻ֪ͨǣǵ˺ܳʱһֱûлǻǿǵˣŵȴʱԽԽڻûаӰֱʱǲʶǺܿѾ⡣
ɾʱ򣬷ͻȻˣ˵Ǹʯ⣬ƺʲô벻ĶȥǶ˷ܣܾǳڣȫ嶼ŷһȥ
ѹûҵʲôԹŨĻȴͻȻûӰʶ˲ĴңȴڵϷ˼һдıȷһǳˣ
һƪ˽˿ֽŶһƬհף˵ĻƪռӦһƪ
˳ɵͷҽֽݸʯͷȻ˳˳㾿Ƿʲô
˳ʱ̧ͷʲô鶼УǸҿƣȻ˵ЩռдģϵԼıʼҡ
˵ͻȻסֱֱؿңֽĿתƵ˻ϣȻ˵Ҫ֪ȥҵռǵĵط֪ˡ
ʯͷռǿ֮µݸ˳˳ȴӽ˻ʱЩֽڻҵȼţ󻯳һƬҽ˳վ˵߰ɣ
ǳȥʮŨҵĴ˳ڴαģֻһԵǰ棬ҸͻȻߵ˽µʯע⵽һ·ǰ
Ҳ˳ϸģ˳ȴعͷ˵Щǲģһ˳ſڿǣǾ͸űһֱߣҵǸطǿռҲǸطҵģôһ߽ȥͻʧûпԱҾϹײҵȥôôɵҵ·ȫΪĪһ·ǡ


һʮ Գ
˳ĻҲҲЩֻ֣˭ʯ˱ǣǳֵĿĺȻ˳ҵոǿռǺǸطֻ˳￴ʲôȴ²
ʯıǺԶֻо˺ԶţҾ͸еԣôһŲ
Һʯͷǲߵģ˳ǰӣ˶ˣֻ˭ĽŲһͷȥŨȴʲôȴΪĽŲҵĴΪһعͷʱҿһСʯӺµµعҵĽűߣԣȷ˵ڸţ
ͬʱʯͷ˳عͷҲеؿڹʯӣʱֻо߶ʱǶס˺ͣµһ˲䣬Ҳޡ
ҲĴе־ΪŨ֮УںڰдתתĸоԶ֪󾿾ʲôڸ㣬˵Ĺط˻Ǳʲô벻Ķ
ûֻûع·ֻǲתʼ·ָǽŲߵĽŲȻ΢΢һˣһתȥֻʲôҲûУҾҵͷƤҪըһ㤵ĸоѾ﷢ѿҶһط䡣
ʱҿʯͷӰǰһ˵Ũ֮У˿ûԥ͸ȥ׷ȥһξʱֻʯͷӰͣڲԶǰȥʱȴʯͷǰվһˣҴӰжϣϤ
ҿʱͻȻ͵ŤͷʧŨ֮УֻһģӰȴûп˭ʯͷȴû׷ֻǿ˿Ӱʧķֿң˵߰ɣ
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ʯͷһ·϶һԣ֪Ƣһʼû˵ôôҲͲ˵ˣһ벻ʲôͷҲֻȽһߡ
˳Ѿһ֮ǰֻһŨ֮УֻܿǰһţҿǸոյĵطҲûʲôԵֻǽȥ֮طҪ֮ǰʯСܶ࣬˳Ŵ򿪣ָָ˵棡
ȻҺʯͷȥҿ˳ƺų⣬ҽȥ֮󣬲ŷʯҵǽһˣ˳Ҫǿѵ˲ɡ
ɻߵǰʱȵˣҿ˳ֿǽϵˣһʱȴʲôҲ˵
˳վԶԶģȻ˵ܾǰɣҿʱʮӣŷӦŵ˾ȻԼ
˳˵ǿռǾǴҳģ˴һŰһ꼾Ķӷô˳ӦþһŰһǸˣֲ˳ոջ˵ı⣬Ҳ֧еһԱ
˳˵Ｘұˣֻ˵ʬ֮⣬ûҲֻһˣЩ˼飬Ϊռ˵ǽһģѵǺʲô⣬ֻʣһһĪˣ
Ĺؼǣ˾˳ôվǰһ·һﵽ˭
ҾҼһԼʱ򣬶ûмһģһ˳ǰ㾪ȹһҾѾԼݵʵ˳һֱˣô뵽ҾȻ￴һģһʬ壡
ҾµʣȻʬѾһŰһˣôôܻôõò˿ûиǸɺԣⲻ֮ǰǸʯˣҲֵ̬ͬģôǰ˳ʬ壬᲻Ҳһ̲ʯӣ
ҰʯͷĲ²⣬ʬʯܺͷʯйأôɲ˵Ⲣ˳÷ʯģ
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Ϊ뵽ľ̫״ľ̫˵ʶǸľݣôɲ⣬ʵһʼĹֵľ̫͸˵ľݣһˣ˵ľѾʬۻϣҺ˳Ŀõģͬûбʯͷˡ
ľ̫һʬۻϣһûʯҾֵһģһһˣ÷ʯαĿܲ󣬾ܷʯǻģʯͷʯͷôܱѪˣ
ҾӦôһֿԣʲôȴ֪
ҲʱʯͷǷʲôһضš˳ʬڿȻͻȻ˵˳ӣҼǵϵҶµģôȴ£
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ʲôԳƣ
ͻȻ뵽ľ̫˵Ļ˵ĵͼǵõģҲ˵ĵͼԳƳȥĻôҳһ˵ӦĲŶԣ
ĿǰΪֹѾҳһģһˣһľνص͸ʯоһ·βҵǸˡֻˣҶûмǵģңͼʱʱ֣⵽ǵģܿͼļҲرС
˳ʵôʲôòһˣǴ΢СĲҺȴǲͬģ⾿ô£
Ҳ˼֮У֮п֪ľʯͷǰһ·ҶĹ۲죬Ҳ֪ڿѾˣΪԣļ䲻һ֣һϿԿ϶յһ֣ȫȫûˡ
뵽ͻȻһ󵨵Ĳ룬һ·ҼһԼһ˳һľ̫ô᲻ỹһʯͷ


һʮ ʬͼ
ʯͷ·¸˴ȥѾεǻǸǽߣҰʯͷʬȥҿó˳ɻϵĿܣûʬ塣
ţҲ˿һԵʯͷ֪ôģҾҵ뷨ܹ֣Ǿȴ֪ΪҾ²мǿĿԡ
ʬϳܹҵ˳һģһ̺֮⣬ֻһֵֵǣʯͷ˵˳Ҷһ̵ʱ˳ԼҲǺܾȣҿȥµλãôһ̾Ȼãġ
ܿͻָһ룬˳ԼҲҲ֪ԼҶһ̺ۣĻôʯͷ֪ģ
ʯͷһֱϸع۲ʬ壬Һ˳һԿţʯͷ۲ĺϸʬ·ҲʯͷΪҪʬĺ¶һ˲䣬Ҿַһ
ʬһ޴ʱҲע⵽ŵ·ǳΧԱδһȦ֣֮УȻһ·
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ʯͷĿҲͻȻǵܱ̬ĶһҲˣһˣҶپЩµζ档
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˳ҡҡͷܿ϶˵ûУ
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ļѾӲˣȻʯͷѾγذףŷ־ʹʬıһƤƤʲôҲûУҲ˵ЩͼȷǴڲ⸡֣ǴȥģƤôʲôûС
ôĻͼԵʮֹˣα鲼ʬȫģ
ʯͷʼնһԣǽͼÿһϸڶҲ֪ûпʲôֻ֮Щ֦һһıϺؿڽ֯һŹͼơ
ͼĪ뵽ڹԳź㣬ҼǵúϵĵͼҲһӣźƴһһ໥ԳƵĵͼ뵽ͻȻǶԳƣ
һ·ĶԳʵ̫ˣôŶԳƵĺʲôͳʬϵͼʲôϵ
֤ʵԼ뷨һٴοʬ壬ϵͼʬϵĻ᲻һǺʬϵͼ֦ͼû˿ƣ˵ͬˣҴǺϵĵͼͷ
Ȼһͼͺϵĵͼʵ̫ˣţʯͷͻȻ˵Ⲣͼֻ˵ǺСһ֡
ҲʯͷʯͷָЩȥ֦˵㻹ǵǼĲĸ쵽£ҺһģҲ˵ѪĹڵ֮￴Ĳɭ֣ʵһɵģǹһ磬ǿĲֻ֦ͬһĶʬϵͼǲȻڻܿ϶ĸһһ㿴Ľţ
Һ˳ȥʬĽţֻĸ뱻նһʧ˫ϣʯͷҲǿ龰ϵ˲ϣǲŵóĽۡ
Ҳ˵˵ͬͼֻǵǿЩϵһģôʬͼһģŵ׵ͼӦܹʬȫһ
ֳˣҲֻżȻ֮·ʬ壬طûʬ壬ǸͲ֪
ҼȻʯͷ˶ľֵĲ²⣬ôһܿǺͺܶһģҲ˵ǲûһһӦϵһƬɭУκһģӶһӴ󽻴硣
ʯͷ˵ΪôӦûںܶͬһƬɭ֣໥ϵ磬˿ϵͼо֮εĹϵ
ʯͷѾ˵ĺԣҲ˵ܿʶʬ˶ɭеһԱ˵ĻҲ棡
ʯͷصͷͻȻԼģѵһͼԵʣΪʲôͼֻҵģҵϲûС
Ȼʯͷһּ裬˵Ҳֱð˵ıǣҲܽͣΪʲôʬϻУ˳ȴûУ˭ģ˭Ǽٵģȴпȥ˳ҲпվߵĲ˳˭޷֤Ϊû֤ݡ
ôȻֿܣҵóһʮִ󵨵뷨Ҳ˵Ŀӣ᲻ȫǱԲ룬ǼðģƺܽΪʲôͬһ꣬ͬһľףֻϿȣһӣȫǱġ
õҵرŤΪһ˵ʱŻʣݵˣұҲǻˣһĶͬ
ҲͿԽͳߵһģһ˵ԭ򣬸οʯͷͺ˵󣬵ȷһ֧һģһڸǣʱ׼ȡǣʱΪǷĽֻǵӣڿķ죬õľݣ
͵һĪĺ⻮Ϊõľǡġݣ水˵ǾǷˡġֵһˡ
뵽־뷨ƺкϸ΢ĵط˵ͨҾҵԴҲѾһƬ֯ɵľҶҲЩľֵζ


һʮһ ǣ1
ڽʬҪǽߵʱ۾ȴɨǽа͹ƽһƿ̣ƺ֣ʯͷȵȣȻָȥȻ͹һƬ֡
ҿʯͷһۣʯͷʬԱ߿˿ǵȫۼǽϣֻд£µǻš
Ӧǡ˳дȥģΪʲôҪдһ֣ѵҲʼԼ˲ɣҲԼĹȥ֤Լš
һ֮ҸӶȫû˿˿ڣĺۼûУôȥģ뵽Ҿĵطô죬Ӿ˯һǳ˰ҩҾԼΪ㡣
ȻͻȻðͷʯͷ˳Ҳ˳˼ֻ֪Ѿˣȴ֪ģ屣Լˣ˰һҲӦºۼŶԡ
ʱʯͷͻȻ˵Ǵͼɱ
ҲʱͻȻһ޴ķֻ洫ķȻзôŨͻᱻɢʱʬ壬棬ʱѸͶķǵ߹ιҿȴŨˣұ紵ţҵƶš
ȻһġǷ紵ľ֮䷢һ˵ܱ֣
ʯͷϸԴһָߣǴߴģ
ҵһһӭŷķ߹ȥԽǰߣԽң˵ǵķû
ֻǾѾĴ֮ʱȴһʯǽסˣʯǽû棬ͷڷ罫εñȽϡһЩ֮ǲſʯǽжʮ׸ߣʯɣÿһʯ鶼׸ߣ׿ôߣʯ⻬һƬǸȥġ
Ҷġɳɳʹʯǽһ洫ȷʯǽһ߾һƬɭֻ֣Ǳʯǽȫ޷ȥ
ʯǽ˺Զûһȱڣȴ˺ܹǾǿʯǽﳤһ
ֱôϸбŴʯǽﳤ˳ҿʯǽƽû˿覴ãеһһ
òǺܸߣûԽʯǽʯͷ˿˵ⲻǲ
Ϊ֦ǰɫģһɫҶͨĺɫһȥͺ֣һ˵Ǵʯǽġ
ʯǽ˼ƽôܻҲˣʯǽô˿ѺûУʵ̫ϳˡ
ҿӸǴʯǽͷģҽָǽϣܱͷʯĸоһȻʯͷһ˵Сģǽǻģ
ҾȵظϽÿʯͷͳذ滮һǽϳһʮ־޴ĿӣӻĿй©
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ȻǷʯĻôϾͿԽΪʲô泤ǰ죬ǺҹĻֻҲǿԷģôҲͲܱ֮Ϊʯǽһ֣ʯͷ˵ʯǽǻģȷġ
ĻҲ뵽ʯǽ֣᲻Ҳ
ҶʱһͷԺ˲ŷУϧҳһ£ûץסϴѸֱһƬհס
ʧһƴ׷ѰŸոһŵͷϧһƬͽͣ󲻵òȻʯͷ˵һܣҿûнȥ·
ҾʯͷܿҲ뵽ʲôǲǺҸոһͷһҲ֪
ٴʯǽǰߣҲ֪ʯǽж೤һԲҲֻתתǼʹǻҪһȦֻ֮һϣǶҪһԡ
ʵ֤Ҳʯǽ֮ͬǰĲͿԿŷһ˼·ǾǷգŵĶˣЩΪĽҼȻò룬ôʯǽǷյʵ͸ӹˡ
Ǽǰ˺ԶֱǰһƬӰڿУʯǽΪһ壬ǲͣ¡ӴĺӰŨ֮У¥һֻܿһƬӰӣǵĿȴһǣҵȷһƬɫĳǡ
ķӾңɫĳʱͻȻһطΪҴûиоǰŨдôʱ䣬ѾϤֿԶоͻȻؿܸߺԶĵطһ˿ĲӦ
һͷȥֻŨɻڣֻ󣬶ǰǣģ
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˾޴һǣҲһʯͷĺۼҼ޷һǣνġ
˾޴һǣͽʯǽ֮Уҿʯǽʧ档
˵ʵһǽøߵʹ£ȥʮΰ׳ֻۣһſ죬Ҷȴĸ֧ڵ
һȥǾǱһ޴߲һԽҺ棬ʲôｨһǣʲôģ
֮ǰһЩͬЩȫǺɫģͬȵɫֻǵĹ֮ͬڣ¶һʴĺۼ
ʯͷ˵ӽľӦһΪȺΪҵһ뵽ľŮ壬ʯͷƺҲ뷨һֱĬ˳ȴ˵д˵еĸ
ҿ˳˳ȴͻȻڵйĸļأ׷ݵƵʱ򣬿ʱĸѾһʮǿĹȣԲŻĸþŮڻƵȵĴ˵ĳ̶ֳ˵Ƕĸǿһ˵
˵˳ϲؽĸʷһζεٴ˳Ȼ֪һһڣȴ֪ʷֱʱҲŽףܶ񻰣ǿѨ硣
˳˵û֪ĸʼʲôʱ򣬵صĹһͳһǧֱ꣬Ƶȴսŵһγʷ֮УһεļȴѾԳĸƺǿĹɴ˿ԿʱѾ˶ʢʱڡ
ʱȴûʱƶ˥ȥĳкĳʵʷؼĳıŰϾĵں˳ģֻ˵֪ĹɽԭΪȷԨԴģ


һʮ ǣ2
˳˵֮ģ뻹ǵĸİֻǣһЩ˵˵ĸƺЩ£ûԭ뷨ԭʢ˥棬ѹǵ¡
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һξ˳Щʷƺ֪ر࣬ⲻòһ˼һ·һϵеʱĹأʯͷ˵һЩĸ̳Ĺǵʱʯͷ˵ΪĸƵ۽ˣǻƵĺĹϵõĸİ˵֮š
ҾͺǣǿΪ˳ʱĸǿʢֻ׵ذ˻Ƶۣ޴н֮˵ҲΪһԵʾͻȥĺᣬ˳ᵽĸаģⲻԼһ⡣
ĵܣռǧΩֻ̳ĸûκεļأĳǰμأһǴڶǺࣻܳݷĸĴ˵
Ȳ˵˵٣ȵļǲʵΪʲôǰĳмأΨûУ
Ҿⲻ̹ªţ̱ܻĸҲĸǹģ֪ĸֲĵطеļУ˿ûһǱܻ䣬Ǳʾǵľη
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ΪĸһȺػߣסɽһӲ뿪Ҳ֣˵ػʲôκ뷨ͻᱻǻƵ۹ȣҲй뷨ĳ͸˵ѾֳԼҰģôĸǲǡ
뵽˳˵ĵ֮һǧԾһε£֮ʱպǵ֮ԨԾһʱڣô̲ἰĸǷΪ֪һзǷ֮ĽɣоĸһεĴԾУѾʧˣ
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뵽ƺеĲ²ֶָŮ洵ǸʱΪŮĸƵʵ̫ˣҴ˵Ů派һˣǡĸβͼڣɺϵǣĸ;ɽػŮȴƷʯһ޷ݵȱڡ
ѵֻɺϣ
϶ǣҲ˵ĸŮɽȱڵһ֧飬֧ջ۳ΪһһԨĻԾ֮
ȻЩĿǰֻҵһ²ѣ˳ĸʱҵԺѾôͷһعʱѾߵ֮
ֻߵ֮ҾѾܵ˴淢Ĺ⣬Ȼǿң֮ڵĺڰУѾ㹻ܸܵ
ǴǵģĴĥһľ޴󷢹ʯǱ֧ʯ̨ϣÿһŶʮ׿յҲǺҲžⲻܱ֮ΪҲֻܱ֮Ϊһյء
Ϊ˷ʯʲôûУڴ֮һƬ򣬴ȥ֮ڲ
ҸӺǾΪʲôֻʲôһƬտӸߴҲֻһ㣬Ǳڶȥ߶˷ʯ֮⣬һܣҲǺɫģȴһŮӡ
޴ܣҵͻȻҵƺӦ֤ҵĲ²⣬Ů洵ĵҼǸʯ۶үʱ˵Ů洡
ܵĺҼʯһģһֻҪӾ޴󣬶ΨһĲ֮ͬûаҶݣ֮⣬Ĳȫһģһ
Ҳ˵ǵȷŮ彨ģһӳôķʯʱѾһԤУǸʯķʯǷȫ˵ǷŮҪȱҲ
տûķ֣߽ȥߵ֮ŷ֣Ѿȫˣֻɵͨᴩ޴Ŀռ֮ϣʮ׸ߵӣ﷢Ŵ۵Ĺ⣬ȫǷʯֻЩʯѾȫ״ǾһˮһһƬȻѾұˡ
Ůұʯĵط
ԲֻһӣֻӵĵײһܴĶͨһұصͨһȥ¯һһ䣬һֱ棬ȻЩұʯ¯
ҲܽΪʲôҪһǣǷһΪ޴¯
֮ͨһֱǰţʱҲ֪Ϊʲôڵ֮ŸбɹķʯֻЩǱ˵ұȻ󽫾޴ȱڸ
ҪյȱھʲôطѵԨԨӴôô׷ģҴǿɵķʯ֮Ԩ΢ĵطⲻ˵Ԩˡ
ţȴ˳ľȻҿ˳ָǵĽ˵ǿʲô
˳˳ָŵĵطȥոû⣬ֻЩۻķʯ¯ϡŹֵӣ濴ȥһƬðͷʯһȻѾұۻôΪӣôĿԾֻһ֣ǵȷǻŵġ
ʱҿʯͷӣ̽ͷͨ¿ʲôȻҿͻȻʧɫֱ˵ǸϽ˳ȥ
˵Ų߶ʮһߣҲ֪ʲôǿıǷ˺ܽһǻصĴһͷһ¯棬ȴǸվŵĵط֪ʱѾһͬˮһڷĶ
ʯͷʱ˵뷢ʯұܿܲû𣬶õıʲôǳ׵ػ
ʲô׵ػһǵ÷ʯܼģܵԭǾȣطֻдû⣬ҹƷʯɺɫ֮ӣ̬֮뵽ҲⲻӦ֤ʯͷʯ˵Ĳ²


һʮ ǣ3
ֻһĹҿ¯жһһӼʮ¯滺ðͷվڴ棬ܿ
Щۻ֮ķʯѾǧʱ⣬ȴȻʻ̬Щ𾪣ڻ˹
ǻΪ¯ķʯ𾪣ͻȻֻо͵һ𣬽һ޴ҺȻͷȥֻͷѾȫĸһľ޴۶ϣȻᴩ
޴ıֻһ˲飬ǷӦʱǵѾʵʵҲ˵Ѿ֮С
ǻûڻ߳һȷǴڵ޷¯ȥ
ҾڲܾԵ޹ʵصȻǻָ֮ҿͬҺһķʯʳҾΩһʣµһ϶Щʯµʵʵұϣҵ϶ʲôȻӳȥڵӳȥѾܵˡ
ھĹϵ¯汾ѾķʯûӰոĵȷ̫ˣЩ϶ѻķʯµ¯ײ
һعͷȴִеһȦʯ֪ʱѾ״ڻıһҿŹҺ䵽Ͼˮһɢʱ䣬Ѿһ̲
Ҳؿ棬ڲڻķʯ棬ѾԿһӰ棬һ˵ģžȷһˣ
ҲһʯУзʯ涼һ˱棬һ޴ķʯҲ˵ˡ
ԺЩ˻ʲô̬֣᲻Ѿһ߾߿ݹǣѾŮʬһĹǵȫӷʯֳʱȴһˣҺһȫ졣
ǣѾ뵽Ϊʲô֮ǰʬ嶼ǲ̬彩ӲȫΪʯ
ʯȫڻ֮ʬ֧ŷʯʯϵڵϣ϶ڲʵķʯҺ壬Щҽģڻ۳һɣѾา֮һλá
⼸ʬһɫض֮ǰҼ磬Կ϶Щ˶һŰһĶɣһѾϳǼ塣
Ҽ壬һ۾ʬ￴ֻҾɻʲôʱ
һģһˣ
ʯͷ˳ҲѾˣң⼸ʬ岻ڵϾô򵥣ΪҿһƺŴӵ
ȫû뵽ǾȻţ˶ǵ֧ģ˼֮һʶʯͷ˳ʶĻҶһЩ
Ҳʶվڷʯ֮еĹϵҾ쳣ز԰ףرһѾ׵˲˼ĵز۾ֱֱضϡ
ҸĺԶ޷۾޷ȷ۾ǷʯϤζһʬ֮Ҳ½½ڿ龰ҾûĲǣǽµķʯ
ۻķʯͻȻֹͣʬվ棬ǴʯһΪȥǵɫͷʯһģһô岻֮ᷢ⡣
ҺɺϵǣǴŵ·ԶǴһŵģǵ֣Ӷ·֮Уͷ⣬ǻûп¶ĵط
Ҿ⼸ʬ˳ǼǾЩƣҼȲؾ뿴ǵϾûһͼ
һע⵽һϸڣǾʬӲ뿪ʯҺ壬ǵĽűûڷҺ֮УҲ֪ûдЬΪǵĽűһصĿŸסˡ
վԭؼһҶض⼸ʬ壬ΪҲ֪ô죬ҿʯͷȴʱʯͷȻڷ
ΪǿնģȻȻҲ⼸ʬڿ񿴵֮ĿռѾȫε֪ʲôطȥˡ
ϣʯͷͻعҿͻȻѹһعȻ˵СģҲµû⼸ʬһ뿪˷ʯͻȥʯʯ￴ʬһ
龰һûȫ㶮ʯͷ˵ϸʯ棬һƬ⣬ЩۣҶſһȴƺжζ
Ȼʯͷ˵ʯҲãʯҲãȥ֮ﶼһּϸ˸һĶ²ⶫڿ龰Ҳ˵֮Իʯȫⶫ֣˵ףΪʯ
һʯ֮龰ȷˤ֮ǵȷҵͬһİɫⶫĪܵҵѪ֪ܲѾ
ҲܽΪʲôһʯļȫΪⶫҵԵʣֲֻ⣬ʯҲ״ĶΪʲôҪʯӺͳȪˮ
Ȼʯͷ͸˵֮ǰҲ⣬һѾ֪˴𰸣Ϊⶫͷʯĸ޷뿪ģҲ˵״Ķͷʯһ֣ǸһֻĹϵ˵ҲֱӾֶ˷ʯ棬ʯһ
ƺҲѾһЩ˼ʯͷ˵ҷҲֻܿⶫԭܺөһǾǲǣҪһؿ˲֪һǿԿ϶ģǼʯͷͨʯͷ˵Ӧڵص׺ļӲʯЩںɫľʯΪʲôɰɫһᷢ⣬ܿЩⶫʯͷ֮йֻΪǵڳһַ֮úںɫľʯ̬ᷢԵⶫȥ֮󣬷ʯֻغںɫҲΪʲôʯֻˤڵϾͻѵԭΪԭӲʯѾգյĲԼй߷ģ
ʯͷĽͣѾȫˣҽӹʯͷĻ˵ⶫ뵽˵֮Ҳͬ£ǵʳ־ʯڳûʳ¾ͻȥڻŵʱѾй߷һȥЩѸӲʱѪѾͬʯͷһĶԣŻֳʯ󣡡
ʯͷͷ˵˳Ҳ˵ԳʯӺͳȪˮһα겻αİ취ΪΪ˱Ĳֻвϵ油ֶⶫԽ࣬屻ʴľԽԽֹʼֱһģһ
ԣ˾ͻ޷ĵزʲô˭֪ʯͷ˵


һʮ ǣ4
Ҳһڷʯվŵ⼸ʬ壬ɻԭģһЩ֮⣬ûı仯
ʯͷ˵Ϊ֤ʵⶫãǾͱǴӷʯŪｨһұʯôͿ϶ǵĵôŮұʱ϶зֶֹ뵽İ취ҿҵʲôҲ˵һ
ǽʱѾϸϸؿںͨ¯֮е֮ͨ⣬ûͨˣڵʵʵֻʣ¯һ·ǲԽȥģΪ¯Ѿʯռеͨ϶ǵĺۼ
֪ⶫٶȷǳ죬ԲͻȥʤʯͷҲʶһ㣬ŻҪұʱֹ˺İ취
ʯۻγɵķʯҺȻĺΪ̫࣬ռ̫ԵʣܿѾ˲֮һλã¯ЩʯڴǵʱԽԽ
ʱʯͷѾߵͻȻ֮ǰʵҲڵĵ֣ոֻзʯȴҲû룬ǰҲŷ֣ĸǿĵģֻһƤķʯҺ塣
ĻĸĵֵˣƺһһΣȻķʯҺеķ϶סҾŮΪ֮
ӵڵϵϿھͿԿȷżȻΪĶʮֹ⻬룬ûֱиһ֪ľǸ֮ĶԲƽģӹɵʵԣĸĵǹƵľû
ôȻƣӦдĻزŶԣոǴûκζֻǽ뵽֮ͨУǾ˳ˣѵͭ¯ͨ
ܾòǣҿһ鵹ĵطѾһƬǽ壬ҺķʯһضǣǸ޷úܽȥȻʱҲأҲȥô࣬Ȼҿ˳վڵıԵǺǹһͨ
Һʯͷ߹ȥȻһƬ֮пԿһһҵڣݵһֻͨͨڴѾһƬʯҺ壬ţȻֻһҵľ룬ͨţǸ޷ȥҪȥĻͱҪһƬҺ塣
ҼȻڵĲԵһܾͨܿİ֮ģȻǾһ¯ôӦǰŶϢĵطһţȻͻᰲһЩõĶܾܿͻеֶʴĶ档
ڵǣǸôȥǸطǺҪſŲܽȥﱻЩôҪӴһƬҺĿԾ͸ˡ
ʯͷ˵Ȼ¯ģôⶫӦκβŶԣȻκβֲʵģҲұ֤
˵ҿڷѰһ󣬺ȻҵһƬԵڵϹȥң⻹ҵһƬҹͷӣֻͷ̮֮ѾҶˣպþ˷֮ССذƬƬ̧Ȼӷ֮ͨȥӵ״ǡÿȥһͷڷϣһһܿķʯҺ壬ǸպÿſŹȥ
ʯͷȹȥɵؾͨ棬˳ٵңǶ˳ؽȥΪ￿ԵķʯҺ岢࣬ҹҲǵʱƳҲӦζ
Ǵӷȥ֮ͱÿһȻһôң뵽棬ǿǽϵף׻϶ȫյӣЩȻͬʵģȴǾļӹ
һֳַɺܶ㣬ÿһһ㣬ÿһ׵Ľϴͬһ֪ΪܷĿģΪ˷ֹɫ״ʴƵģ״ͷţֻʣһ˫۾¶档
ϹһȦף˵ҲгɰǧɴҴ¿Բ²ʱ̵ĺƴ
һͰЩͰȫܷ⣬ÿһͨһߣŻ˻ΣҺ壬᲻ǾƣǸʱƻơ
ҵͷŴԺϾʶԼĹ˼άʵ̫ЩΪǸʱǾܹʹ˺ƴḶ́Щǧʴһһɼʱұļ߳ôһЩӦҲŶԣڻҪȽ
ЩͰԱߣиͨЩһߣ֣˺ܸߵһ㣬Ż˻ΣʮֳأҸŲ˷ֺҲȷװľʲô
ʯͷͳذȻСһЩͰСһЩͰȷҺ壬ȴǾƣʯͷбſ˿ⶫǳɫȴ֪ʲôʯͷذ˽ȥȻó˵ҲǿԺȵģΪذûбɫ
Ҳ֪ʯͷذ׻ԶãȻֳ˺Щ˵ζЩ࣬ʹòľɵģ²ǷֹЩõģϾȻףⶫ޿ײ룬֮⣬֭ҺҲһֱʩ
ʯͷȹ֮ûгʲô쳣Һ˳ҲһЩ
˳ʯͷû£ҲŸոպ£;θ淭ڵϾһոдӺһֱӵθǺҾһϣҵĸ;ҵʹǳӶһʹ
ҶʱӣرŸʯͷ˳һʯͷˣʹø˵ʹдӸһֱ쵽ؿڣ̲סһطθͬʱһ־ҵŻ¸ϯŴͣȴʲôҲ²
ȷ̫ϳˣΪ˶ⶫʯͷ˳û£Ϊʲô͵ҳҵĲʣǽҸȥЩΪʱֻеʲôθ䶯һһҵʳҵŵôģѾоⶫɤϣ
Ȼʯͷһߣ
ȻⶫҪ˺ҵĺһҿߵĴѾӻҵʳ档
ҾҵŻţứش۾ﲻڸϵɤһգһֱ۳ָϸĽѾ˳ң³֮ڵ¾Ҳˡ
ʯͷϸؿ˿˵ѾˣҸŻһЩֻɤӺθʮܣ˳סңֳһЩ֭ҺٺһЩȥڡ
۾ѾȥĽߣôôһԼȻ֪


һʮ ǣ5
ʱ˳ȻǴȤң˵СĶүǴȻɱ㿴źһڣͳôһٺЩ
˵˳ҺһЩոչҵ﷭ڣ˳Ҿʹк࣬ϢһѾû¡
ڼʯͷһ˸ߵЩͰҲҺ壬ЩҺȴŵһɸζǸʬˮһңʯͷƺǿʲôֽȥȻóһ۾
ȷǳ֮ģʯͷ˵ŴͰ漸ȫ۾Щѻ˺ܸߵͰ˵Ҳұʯķ
˵۾˵۾ұʯǶôаľٶʵطǸʱȥҵ˶ˣʯͷ˵ʱŬץᱻɱ˵Щ۾ǱūȻһЩ޹Ҳ˵һ
ҰͰĿжʮͰһͰ˵Ҳгɰǧ˫۾ôѻľһ˵Ѿұķʯұʯڿһ׳һר˵׳
ֻԶĲʵǳҵϣʯͷ˳ȴûжĴʯͷ˵һɵḶ́ôҲȲѣȻǻ֪ŮҪյȱΪҪ
ʯͷó·ŻصͰ棬ȻÿһױȽʺԼε״ײ̫࣬Ǵ˺þòźã֮ҾԼһٸһͷŶףѹرأ·ǹǦһ
Ҵ⸱ԭ߶˼ȦֱѾӦ֮ͣʯͷְһͰ֭Һ˵ҲõõҲ˵һ
ֻͨǳʱҷһ΢ǽʱڷʯҺϵ鲻ˡ
ȻѾ˷ףҲ֭ҺԷʯⶫѾô£Ҳֻˣֻ˭ȥҷʯԶκβ˵ģӡ
Ϊ˱ʯͷͰ򿪸ӣ֭ҺʯһЩǳɫҺһʯ̷ʯǱպһءȡðŰԭɫķʯʱһƬڣкţⶫôⷢʯһͱպˡ
ҺЧʯͷЩֱϵķʯ˽̿ųȥҵִɫĽ̿ʱ򣬷Ͳǽ̿һʯϣȥ쳣ӲѾڵճϳһ塣
Ǵſųȳʱ򣬲ŷѾ˷ʯ£ֻǽȥôҵĹЩʯҺѾȫǣҿʬڴĿĵ߶
ѵǻĲɣҿ˿ʯͷʯͷȴ˵ھʬ죬ЩѾǵĴԺ֮УڵľٶЩĿ֮¡
ŻȻ򣬶˵ĻѾֻʣһǵĿܣʯͷȴ˵ǵǲĻд˵ǱǼðģ
ʯͷ˵⻰Ҳ֪ЩЩȻҺǣǼٵģһ
ΪûмЩˣ뼾ļҲǴҴһƳ۲ϸϸҲȷǲ˳ǾʬһȫԳƵġ
ʯͷ˵ڵӺʬûʲôʯͷƺ֤ʵʲô²⣬˵⼸ʬ뿪ʯҺ壬ʵҲҪܵ˼Ͱݸ˵ҰЩҺڷʯҺ廹ûʹĵطȷ㹻Ŀյء
ʯͷ˳ȥץЩʬ壬˵ʯͷѾͰңʯͷԼСĵ㣬ҿ˾߽˷ʯҺ֮С
ķʯҺûǵѥӣҲȥǣͰֳ֭Һһڷʯ߽ȥ
ҷַʯŰɫƺ̵ģΪҲŽҺȥʵıɽ֮̿󣬺ľڵĲͻȻֹͣԭһͻȻ͸˷
ҼһʣǸϽ֭Һȥסǵȥ·ҲҶͣʵķһȦȦȥܿڷʯҺͿյ֮γһμĺߣߣǱɽ̿ķʯ
һȦʯҺ屻Χ룬һӨ͸ĺһʯͷ˳ںʬ岫ЩʬȻͬʯͷ˵Ѿȫһ߿տӣǽӲֻǲһǾѾץһ߳ȻӰˣͷڿյϡ
ʱҸպõ˴棬ҿŮ洵ĺ룬ȥ׳ֻۣȥЩΪڴ濴Ǹոյȥ飬ͺҵضĿյϣոյͨľ룬˵Ҳһʮףôܵģ
ɻػһ⣬ȴͻȻڴĸ棬һŷĽӡںɫƤ൱ۣһнӡڱ߹ȥġ
ֱй죬Ҹ߹ȥʵѾʵˣΪķҪһǼֱǲܵ飬ֻǺ棬Ϊʲôнӡǽȥģһ˵ĽӡһֻǹţһֻŴЬӣΪϵĽӡһֻЬӡһֻǽֺͷ
Ҳ˭µĽӡʬ֮һ
ϴͷΪڷ֮УƵ֮ͨĿյûнӡҲ˵ⲻǷʯߵʬɵģĽӡ˵һֻŴЬӣһֻûЬȥ˷ʯҺ֮С
ұ߲²ţѾڱϣһнӡʧڵľͷֻһֻЬӣҿֻЬӵʱһĸоΪʶֻЬӣʯͷġ
ţҲͷһۣһͷȴպûпʯͷ˳ΪǸպñŮܸסˣҿģڷʯҺ֮еŮܣһ档
ֻһۣҾͿĶߣΪ濴ȥҿԿŮܴһֻֻ֣֣Ѿˡ
ؼǵãڽʱصĹֻ֣֮Ϊ֪ûŰҶݣֻȴˣԣǽ֮ŷ£ֻǾʲôʱģȴ֪
ǽ¯ʱ򣿻ǽȥôҵʱ
ֻʲô壬ΪʲôͻȻˣôֻ˭ȥһнӡ˭ģ
ֻЬȻʯͷģǺԲʯͷΪʼգʯͷû뿪ҵߣ


һʮ ǣ6
ɻʱͻȻͷһ죬̧ͷȥֻڰһӰҶȥʱѾʲôûС
Ҿ֣ڹ⻬ֱûпʸĵطұڶҲһĿȻôȥģٵģΪҿǲܵ¡
Ҳȷ̫ʱ䣬˳ѾԶϵҲЩԾʱȴֵϵĽӡѾˣ˳վǽڱϣҷʲôˡ
Ҿ޴˵бۿһѾȱʧһֵֻŮܣܾﲻԾָоˮ׵İһоʼʲôڽţǾǲ֪ĸо
Һ˳صڵλãķʯѾȦһȻʯͷһֵ⣬˵ֻʯ򣬾ʯȫۻҲôһƬʯҺ壬˵ЩҺƺдʲôطԴԴϵӿһ
ʯͷ˵һӦ£뻹ЩŹ֣ҿЩʯҺ壬ƺƣɫıԵѾǸ˲١
֪ôģ͵ؾ뵽Ůܣ۴ĸطȥƺ룬Ҳ̫ɺЩ
ţȴ䲻˵ϰŵʬ壬͵һֻ˫ôģؿҡ
ʶرĿ⣬һĿ⿴ֱ䣬һһȦ֮ٿȥȴضҡ
һװµתȥžʬ壬Ҳ֪ǲҵãܸоһĿעңҾûڣң͵ط֣ʬ壬зʯҺе༸ʬ壬ڳҿ
˭˭ˣôʬ嶼ͳͳڳҿѵҽ״ˣϿˣ
ʱͻȻ˳ʯͷؿңǵĿԶۼҵĺϣȻʯͷңСģոǱʲôˣ
ɻؿʯͷĻʲô˼Ȼ˳һһէңСĶүոǿĵضԼأ˼Ұӡ㱳ˣ
˳Ȼô˵۾ֱֱؿңҿ۾ĪĹ⣬Ҿƺǻл֮£Ҹ˳˼ոҷûпκˣһнӡһӰҸʲôûиоʯͷ˵ұиǳɫָӡ
ҾѾվסˣӡϤһ֪˭ģǺҳһĻһһˣû뵽Դڵ֮֮Ȼһֱظңʲôʱֹҵӡ
ǳɫǽʬѪɫطѵҲнʬɣ
ֲʬ嶼ڶҿӡִʲô壬ΪʲôҪ֪һͼΪʲôһоûУ
ߣͼΪʲôôЩʬĿ⣬ŲͷȥϵǾʬ壬ĿȻǽͣұϣҴ¿ԲµͼҵıϵλãӦƫһ㡣
ʯͷѾ˵ʲôѾߵ˸ոҷֽӡĵط֮ǵ߾ͱŮܸסˣҿʲôֻһĽûǱߴ
ֻʣҺ˳ˣ˳ָֻ֮ǰĸӣҾԽԽ͸ˣʱĬʱǴһƬʱҿǷ۵ʱһЩĪɫҾһڼƻʲô
Һ˳߸վţ˭Ҳû˵ҾЩΣתͷٴο˿ʯеļʬ壬ǵĿʼնͣϣΪ˶Ŀ⣬ǲԱ˼ľٶȴͻȻһص⡣
ҲҴһʼǿȸˣҼЩʬĿǴͣ˵һͣԭأʱҲʶǵĿⲢǾۼϣ˳ϡ
һͷ˳ʱȴÿһ˿ɫҲҲžͻͷһȻ϶ʱЦݣϤĲ˵СĶүǱ˼զģŤȥˣ
˵Ĭ龰ҸЦֻǷܵǿһЦҾЦݱȿ޻ѿȻתͷǵζƿһӣ˳ʲôŹ֣ЩʬΪʲôҪ
һӲԾѾ˳ȥԶҷӦʱѾ˳Զҿ˿ʯͷķȴʯͷѾˡ
Ǳһˮͷ£һ飬ҿߵոյǵضϣѾûʯͷİټ
˳ҲѾ˷ҲٸվԭĴңطһĿȻôصסһʯͷôһ˵ûûˣҸոҸûһֵȫɵģִѥӣй׷ʲôĻǻʮģʲôҲûʯͷͲˣʲô
ԭضһ飬ʲôۼҲû£Ҳĵߵڱϣһڣȷһģûһļ󣬸˵аʲôˡ
һʲôҲûҵǱܵȥܣҲ֪ΪʲôҪȥֻǾͻȻһָоҲҪȥ
һһ濴쳣ΪŮϿһֻЬӣǴѥӣǸոڱϷֵֻЬӡ
͹Ůܵ۵ĵطֻҪһתͷܿ龰߽˷ʯҺ֮УʱֻžѾû棬һҺ˲٣ǵøոֻеĸ߶ȡ
Ҹȥеԭҿ첽棬ʯҺڽ·ɽţȥעһЩҺ׵Ľϴ©ȥô졣
ҿٵǰߵڷĹŹ֣ܵΧ֪ʱѾһۣǵΧѿһһ۵ıԵЩۻ֮ķʯ
Ӧͨ¯ȥģ濴˿۲Ǻһʯͷ᲻ȥȻǣ
ȥȴ˳һס˵СĶүǷˣطȥ㻹ó𣡡
˵ʯͷ棬һΣô죿
Ȼ˳˵ǹҪ㵣ģĲģ
֪ģ˳仰ҳ嶯ͻȻ˳˵ĶԣΣյĵضʯͷữΪģÿζΪҪҶʹվ뵽ͻȻҾһƿҾװɵ˵ǵǱȥǾʬ廹ÿˣ


һʮ ǣ7
Ȼ˵һǽʯͷİΣҺ˳ӷʯ֮˳ҷ˺쳣һ㣬Щʯմڽһ˿һҵĽŲ뿪ʯѥϾ͸ɾһƬûнʱһģһҲ˵ǲմʯġ
Ҳ˵ҿĽӡܿܲ˴߳ĺۼһģʱ֪ķʽģΪʲôǽӡ״Ҹͷԡ
Ҵ߳صڵ˼߱߿ź󣬹ȻûνĽӡʱҾƺ򵥣ƺܺ£һ㶼
Ĭغ˳»صոյĵطҺǾʬ廹ڣûгǲڵʱߣʯʬҲĿĵţҲûᱻץͬ顣
뵽ҲԳЦЦҶˣʬ壬ǰɫ״ĿܣǻӪȣô˵ǺͻѾȫûˡ
ֿϵʬ壬۾úܴ󣬶۾ضڿȴǶҵ۾ڿڣ۾￴һǾһĶ۾ţһһͫ׵һŵӰһҿƺڶھųʱĲ²֮ڿǺʯ˵Ĺͬ㣬⣬Ҳʯ˴µĳ
ȻѾʬһͫʬȴʼնԭҶſ˺þãֻһֱƶ֮⣬Կ˺һҲòĹҲ򵥣Ұɫ״ĶʼջһڣǶãȴ֪
ҸɴڿյҿǰķʯһֱߣЩ󲻶ķʯһŴȴʼղԽһߣΪ˱һٴҺ壬һȦǷһķʯһ顣
ͰĶͲ࣬Ϊ˷ֹ⣬ٱһͰȽϰȣ˳ڿյţһУҪȥôһͰʱûʲôӦûԼſŽȥ
汧һͰҪ뿪ǡʱһ˶ߵͰһûҪ뿪Ĳͣҿ˿Щ޴ͰǴͰﴫġ
ҷҺֻͰߵͨϳȷǴ洫ģҺͰ棬ͰȫӣѵҲɾ˲ɣԼͰˣ
ûйɣǺûһŰᶯЩ޴ͰʹȫҲŲһһֻ÷һԴϼŸô죬ûһش
Ҿ߶ʮһƻķͰһ࣬ŴӲ潫ͰƵĻԣһȻٴʹȫƣȻͰȻأҸоͰƺ˻ζĺۼټһѾֻ顱һֻľ޴Ͱ͵˵ϣΪҲĹϵʮ־޴󣬶ֻͰŵ䵽ϣֻڻƵҺʹ˳һֻֻ۾ҲֻͰʯͷˡ
ӹµµشӵϹʱĵ涼ⶫûҲʱûͻȻȻֹҺɵһͰ棬ǽ֮߱ͰƷһ֮Ѿ¿ԿȻʲôҲûС
Щ⣬ʱĹֻƵͰѾһأЩӻʻģҸоʱĿⶢϣȫ̲סһƤ
ҲЩĪµʱͻȻֻﴫžһѾЩҸǱһתͷȥȴǹǽϵ׵˵ϣҿһףһԼˡ
ҾͷײԾΪҿ׹ĹĵģƺʲôҵһξҰγױϣýߣȷж׺ܺ޷о澿ʲôֻǿŽ
ҵֻûдףͻȻһʹ˳ֻһźںģһͷһĶŵһϽ˵һߣⶫµµҺȫǺɫͷڵϾһɫ˿һչ
Ȼҿһ˫۾ͻȻӺɫͷ¶ͷƤ͵һ飬ⶫȻţ
˫۾ûͷȻѸûȥҲҽӽⶫվһЩϣϵͷҲʼǾȻڳϵȥ
ʱ͵زʲôͷʬۻ
ϸؿһ۵ɢһصӣףҲӣʬۻĻ䣡
˵ҲΪΪʬۻΪϲĻǳ۲ſģԣһӻһҲ࣬ȻЩͰװĶʬۻĻ䣬Ҳģ֮ǰİ취ҾӲ̣
ҿЩͷһ֦Ҷ̽ʬۻĻֻ治ʬۻ֦ҶȻȫڳűͰȥ
˵һߣʱһûִ˳ͻȻһתͷȥʱ֪Ǵǽ洫ģ
ҼǽϣǱ߹ȻϵûҲ֪ʲôһǿԿ϶ģǱ߻һռ䣬˵Ҳһҡ
ǽӲޱȣһȦҲҲʲôذ֮ģôǱߵӦò
ĻôҾΪֻܵȳȥڷ֮ҿҵʲôҲ˵һ
뵽ҴǽֱҲŸվֱӣȴ͵ظеһҵͷһ֪ʲôʱ򣬴ʬۻѾһŵĻһҵĽѾǵ֦ҶסڲϵҵȽ
Ҽˣ뱻ⶫסǾˣҺԥնϣȽŵʬۻ֦ҶʱڵϣҿڵϾҵţ򾱻һնΪһ뵽ϾʶʲôԾΪҿⱻնϵʬۻ֦ҶȻԿʼٶʮֿ죬ϾͳһҵĹԹԣⶫԽŪԽ࣬һҾͻᱻ
ҾʬۻѾס˳ڣǾͷһ֪֮ЩһѾ֩һסˡ
ﰵһ⣬Ѿȥˣⶫκβǵӣڷ


һʮ ǣ8
Ѹٿһ۵ϵף沢һ˵ӣҼȻʬۻҪʬôֻҪжʬϵǲͿ
ұնϵʬۻ֦ҶҲǳҲѰҼȻֻҪͶԼ㣬ֻǴûֶԻὫ񻯣Ӷǣ
Ѿϵ˹ȥһȴϵģҲ˵Ǳϵģ龰ҵһ˿Ҳû룬ÿһˣһؽҶ涫СĹ⣬ԼĪаߣѾװһʱҲ²ʬ֮⻹бʲô
һĲ㣬ҰĲ㶼ڿ˱ͷһ֦ҶһŶȷ룬ĶаߣЩ֦ҶѾ׵ذסˣֻܿһźɫ֦ҶʲôҲеһ쳣ӲĶЩ̫˵壬ҲųʬѾɸʬĿܣֻа˸ߣѵС
һ֦Ҷϣ¶һ֣˵ֲȫҾͷƤЩģҲֻͣӲͷƤЩɫ֦Ҷ䣬Щ֦ҶѾһңڿ澹Ȼһͷ­ӣӺСͷô֮ǰûмĹ̥Ҳһ˵ͷʵ̫ˣһӸ޷֧ôһͷ­
ңϸϸһ󣬷ⶫ֮ǰģܶĴͷˣҲǻСģֻǸΪԭʼģҶǳʵ̫ˣε˿ֲĵز
Ҳȥʬۻ֦ҶͰɫ״ⶫһģǴѪһֱ˵࣬뵽ͻȻƺкܴĹͬ㣬ϸϸһ룬ȻǺͬ
һǶǼϸͬͷһĶڶǶǴѪ壻ͬʱƺǿԹġЩʬۻ״̬ͷ˵Ļγ̶ܴܿͷ˾ʬۻū
ʬۻɫͲԣǴǵĹͬ˵Ӧǳͬһֶһ룬뵽ʬֶ̦̬Ҳ࣬пʬĲȻǺĲҲ˵ܿʬۻҲǱ֮İɫҲ˵һ
ұţЩͷһ֦Ҷʬ䣬䣬Ͼ֦Ҷʬϣ¹ţʬۻԽԽ֮⣬𲻵κá
Ȼ뵽֭ҺȻԷʯãҵĲ²ȷĻôⶫʬۻҲӦͬòŶԣ뵽ٲʬ壬װ֭ҺͰ򿪣Ȼ󲻹߶ʮһؾͽʬϡ
֭Һȥһ˲䣬ҿһɰɫ͵ⶫ̱쳣ʱҾŤͷûŵ٣ǾôһҲҹǺֻоӶʱǺֱᣬԶһЩ֭ҺֳȥʱǸİɫϵʬۻϾͿήȻɽڵ̿һĶ
ʱҲһǽˣѾͱְɫɢҲһͰ֭ҺһȻһͰſų
ʱҿ˳վſڣҳһ澿ʲô£ƺʬۻˡ
ΪǰɫĹϵһһֱڴᣬ˳ǱӣּɵģѾ֪ô£˵֭ҺʬۻҲЧ
Ҿñֶ£֪Űɫж˱һЩ񾭣ֻܵͷȻԶһЩҽͰڵϣŷһ鷢ʯռݵѾǵϥǵλãźɫıԵϵʸߣһ鷢ˮһ
Ҿȥǰ취Щʯѻôߵʱʱô죿ϵ֭Һκβǣ׾ٵؾͿԽû棬ȻǾ⼸ʬһΪǵĿܡ
뵽ҿ˿ļʬ壬ǻԭشתͻȻЩЩʬܶߣῴˣм򵥵̣Ϊʲôһֱԭشת
Ȼ˳˵ʵЩʬ嶼ǻŵģֻѾʧȥʶѣ˵ˣǺֲû
͵ؿűǰŵʬ壬ڷʯûȥôô£
ͻȻ֪ұʯİ취ǾǻˣûұȻҲ֪Ϊʲôл˷ʯͻۻȷұʯ;֮һҲ˵Щʯ֮Уһʬ壬Ҳ¯棬һʬ¯
뵽Ѿվסˣ֪ΪʲôЩʯԴԴϵشӵӿΪǸ֪˻˵ϢԣǾǻˣ
Ҳ˵ǲǱ֭ҺסˣǶڵȴʱҸոǵ㹻ˣǾͻᱻɣЩʬһ
ǲԴУŮܵȻǷʯϳʬۻһǹ׻һģôǵķʬۻҲӦһģʶʲôһֻͰ£ҵڴٴνȥ
ɵһҾٺٴΰһͰ֭Һ˳ƺѾ֪Ҫʲôû˵ʲôȻҺÿ˱һͰŮ߽ȥֺһЩ֭ҺΪľǷֹЩ뵽ǵ棬ȻǲҶȣⶫܿжġ
Ů֮ǰȻұͰܱ׾ȥ˳ҲһСĿռ䣬һ𣬶СĿռ棬һͨҹȥ¯·
ǱͰСĵ߽ȥ漸ȫķʯͨխպݵһȥⲻǹ˽õģȻҲûȥĵطĵطСһȥֻҪڴһ˾ͿԿסҲ췴ңھһͨϣҲЩ
֮ͨͨҷǹǵ˷ʯ棬¯ķʯǲȥϸ˷ʯ棬ΪⶫһֱڷĹϵҲô¾ûҲĻˡ
վſһͻȻҽһķʯ֮СͻͻؿʼðݣȻҿȷ˴渡壬Ѿʯð׵쳣뷴ѾǵϳǴͰӣ浹֭Һ
ԣⶫܾ¯ķʯõģֻһֽȥ¯ڵðỤ̋Һ˳ͷͨ棬Щһͷðֻ¯ȫǡȡʲôȼһ


һʮ أ1
һֱ˺ܳʱ䣬ѾûеʱҺ˳ʱŴֻͨԭ¯ѾױһƬ谵ʯȫڵļӲʯͷýŲ˲ȣԲȥ
Һ˳߹ȥ¯ͨһ¯һ·Ƕķӣԣһ·ϵҲȫ¡
ΪʯԽԽٵԵʣЩ谵˺ܶ¯֮һ¯ĵطûзʯһܿտĵطҺ˳ɵ˽ȥǴŵϷʮԽߣԽڣȷѾûзʯص׵ȷܣҸеȽһ뽫ѵȴ濴һס
ʯͷģҿʱϾѾȷҲ˵ʯͷѾܿѾȥ棬Һ˳ԥѵ
ûףҾһ˺٣ֻһʱ仹ϰ߹ֻо·ҲЩƮƮģ˺һŻָ
һͨһһǲ֪ͨʲôطȥģȻ˳˵Ҳʬۻĵط
ŻȻЩͰʬۻҲŮժ֮󴢴ģôҲ˵ʬۻǱ˹ģڵ֮￴龰һģһ뻹ǻʣ֭Һ
˺ܳһ֮ĵƶȻθߣǸȥҲԽԽû谵֪ʬۻ⣬ƺͰɫĸҲһԭֻǾúЦԼͷĶȴ⡣
ҲòпһĹȴڸǲڰıʡ
ѾԽԽŮҪĵʲôطǶӴϧʮ˵˵ʱ򣬾ⶼһʮӴ֣ʱ˿Ҫڲ֪˶ٱʮˣǶٸС˿ˣ
һ֮ƺŨߵָоڸǣĵ涼ɵģ漫׷죬Һ˳Ѿϰ죬ǵĽŲУȴһԶشлǵĽŲ֮Уϸطֱ棬ң˶ߵĽаյĺܵλǸǵĲߵģ
ɲɫţ˳ҲˣҺ˳شƣ˼Ȼ͸һעǵһһǽ̸ֳ߱Ѿ˸ٵĻһֹͣ߶ֱǷɾ֮Żָ
ĿǰΪֹһ֪˭ŨиǵǸˣҲҺϰӡǸˣҲʲôˣ˭һԿ϶ǣʮôʱ˿Ϳ˵ʮϤǵϰԣʮϤĵΡ
Ұغ˳ƣǼƻͻȻ֮ͣǵ˾ͻ޷ߵĹУСҲнŲʱǷɿ׷ȥһԴһֲ
Һ˳ϼƺ֮һȥʱͻȻֹסӣȻϸҲòǵ˺ΪҾȻ޷⴫΢ĽŲһӵĻǲ߶ʮһתͷܣҹû뵽ǻһУʱȻһֻܵһǴͨģǴǹġ
ǳˣվԭأŲܽȥģѵһֱĽŲǴǵǰ洫ģԶĽŲǴӺ洫ģ
ʱ˳˵Ҳʯͷ
ŻȻ򣬿ʯͷǵĽŲȴΪʲôҪܣ
˳ûж˵Ѿȥʯͷһʲô״֪ڣỹ뿪
ǡˡܽȥֱ߳ͨͣ£ǸоѾʬۻĵطΪӸо˵ѾһʮֿͿտĵططŵʬۻζֿʬΪĶȴĻ㡣
֪һǲΪȺ֭ҺĹϵŵĻ㣬Ҳûٲþ֮Ѿʧȥʯͷټ
Ҹо²˾ʯĵϣһͷ˿ԿǾ޴ӰǾȻѾ˳ôϿԿ϶ұʯɣֻΪʲôҪʬۻЩʬۻʲôģ
谵ЩҲȫ棬ֻҿһʯһĵطܸߺܿտЩʯҿƵ״кܶĴͷˣǱǶʯϵʯֻͷ¶˳ֻЩͷ˻϶ڵһƬѾģ֮˵ǾǴͷˣȫҵĲ²⣬ΪİڷŷʽҼ龰ʵ̫ˡ
Ｘʯʯ϶ʬ壬ɫҹһ̸ʯںͱڶϣЩͷһ֦ҶӶȥڳһأǵšͷ˺óóʬһ
֪Щͷ˾ʬۻūǲŴͿ˸Ĺ⣬ȻЩʬۻұͰֻҪвԾͽⶫȥ
ңǽʯ֮Ҿ͸е²ŵĵЩ֣ҸоһƬ͹ƽӣƺǹġ
ֱй죬ȥĲƺһǱ鲼ϵĹһһΣȻͻȻͣ£ΪѾо²ȵʲôĶ
Ȼ谵һʶȥֻһʬۻ֦ҶͱҲڽ£һⶫȻ˳ƾ;ҵĽףһһͰӣֻʯĵʱҶȥ֪ⲻǵڶЩʬۻ֦Ҷȫ˳ǸеǵĽ롣
һнͰĸӴ򿪣һЩôΧ֭Һʬۻ֦Ҷʱʧȥ̱ǵİٴðҺ˳סڱǣֶ
ҿ׷׳ʬۻʼն⣬ֻʣ˲СͰ֭ҺЩʬۻȫ£ǻûӡ
ڵǣʬۻԴԴϵؽΧǸŲ˷ֺʬۻǴ֮󣬲ǴӵڶϵҲʼţѾͷǽڼЩĹ˸˸һƬ
ǴǵϳˣҲֻһ·ҲΩһĳ·
龰˳ȴң򾲵غ˵СĶүٺЩ֭ҺһʱһЩⶫġ
ʣأ
˳ȴش˵Ҳȣ
뵽Σʱ˳ȷȴ뵽ڵ֮ҲʬۻֻұǸһģһ˾ˣ˳ȴȻ˳Ҳ˵жԸʬۻķӣȷе˵ӦʬۻͲ


һٰʮ أ2
ҽ֭ҺٺһЩȥ˳ûЩҲãΪ㽫ǸˣǰǵķֳҾ޼ƿʩʱҿ˺ܾ˵һĻ˳ȻֱӾȥקЩ
˵ʵ˳ôãһֱûע־ʲô谵Ķֺܿ죬ֱƺ⣬ȴ塣
˳ּЩʬۻ֦Ҷ;ڳˮһǲõģ˳ΪʲôҪ
ҾȵǣЩ˳־ȻͶʱʧȥ˻ʧȥˮһϣʬۻ֦Ҷήٶȷǳ죬ܿʧȥһ֦ҶͿή˳һȻֳһѡ
Ҿ˳һӾʹ֮ǰĬĬŴŹ⻪Ҿÿ϶ǾѵģطҲ֪ûڵ֮ţȻԸطʮϤϤҸе죬м˼ʾǸ˸ģҾҺʵ֤ȷ治ǵûǼٲǵˣҵȷ޴ӿ֪
˳ѸٶܿѾ߳ȥһɶԶǿήʬۻ֦Ҷʱҿ˳ͣͣӱóһˮңȻЩʲôϣܽʬۻĻ֮΢΢ŵһɸʬȳζȻҼٵؽˮ浹ĶˮϴˣְЩʬۻ֦Ҷ
֪ͽֶԸʬۻȫǿˮⶫҾȳζϤƺŹһʱȴ벻
˳ҵĹ֮£ʬۻȻҲ΢΢ˣÿһǾͻ˿ÿһѾ¼˳ʱ˳ңСĶүû°ɣ
˵û£Ҷ˳֣ʱȴܳƽʱҲôע⣬ע⵽ֲſѾԽ˫ڱĵز
Ҿ˳ѾԽԽŹˣʱͻȻڰʯͻȻһ⣬ǴʯģһţŸոϨǻѵĻ⡣
Ҳ֪ʯж֮һ·߽ǿĶʬۻͲһ֦ҶⶫԽʯԽ࣬棬Ѿû·ʯǸռסˡ
˳ǰ濪·߽߱ŵ֦ҶҾƺû˽ӣΪЩŵʬۻ𣬸ûбĺۼҲ˵ʯͷûн뵽
ɻؿһ˳ƺ֪ʲô˵ʬۻ𣬶ܽһ·ķ϶ʯͷģ˵ذ׺ҵһȻǶĥɵģҵȫʯͷذףȻͬڶԸЩʱ򣬾ͻԿһ
ΪʯͷذϻŶĶʯͷһذףȻ޵УҲԼ
˳̵˵ô仰ǽżߣԽߣҷ˳˵ǶԵģΪٵһЩֻѾήʬۻ֦ҶﾭһʯͷʬۻΪҿϻź˵ʬ壬Щͷаߣͷþˣȫ￴ģ
˳Щʬ壬˵ʬۻѾγˣʯͷǶ𣡡
˵ӵϼһӣ֪ʬۻĻ䣬˳Ļ俴˿ƺԵЩɻȻڿή֦Ҷַ֮˷ٴηһЩȻݸһţҽˣȴ⻨ǳӲʯͷһ
Ȼҳͣ˵ʯӣ
˳ͷʬۻȻͷʯͬһֶһֱڳԵԭⶫ
ԣʯͷʬۻʬۻʯǾͱǼʯӣȻѾʯİɫ״ȴûȥ˯һȻš
ҾԭЩʵӣҺȻʯӾʬۻĹʵ뵽Ҳ͵һʬۻΪϣҳôĹʵѾҵ˸
־òԣΪҼʬۻķֳٶȣʮֿ죬ڰɫʱѾԹҵ˸ĻѾĳѨҲˡ
һʱҲ벻ͨҲֻһһˣ˳ʯһЩŻرҿ˳һУʼգҶڶ˳ֿʼվֿЩȻʲô£ֻ¶ƣʣĶû֮Уƺ֪ڿתͷ˿ң͵һľһֱ֪ڻ
ʲôû˵վһǰǰߣǰ棬ںţҵ۾ȴͣϡ
˲ԶҿʯֵĻ⣬ǿٵǰȥŻѾǰʱڿʯͷֻʯͷǰһˣҿź졣
ʱ͵ؾ˳ƺĪز£ҲͷȴպÿҶ£Һʵ̫ˣϵļܿҶȴһƬ⻬˵ǰ̣һӡǶûС
ҵͻȻҿʯͷҲ̧ͷؿڿʯŵˣ˳
ԴͻȻըһؿߵ˳Ȼ㲻˳㾿˭
Ҳҳһ̣ͻȻһӰұһعʱѾԶʯͷ˵һСģ㿴˳ӣ
ȻҲ׷ȥ
ҳ׻ع˿ŵ˳Ϊ֤ʵģصؿ˿Ҷ£ȷһָڿİ̺ۣ̽̽ıϢֻιȥˡ
־òˣ˳һ·϶һôԵ޹ʵػ赹ϸǼ˳Ḷ́ڿǾߺһģһʬʱˣŨΪ˸١
͵ػعҲʱ򣬴˳ѾǱ˳Һʯͷȴ˿ûв
˻˭ϸ֣ĪҾֹΪָͷ
͵һɸʬȳζ֮ڽʬѪҺζҾͻȻӵվҲ˵ڴĪϵָӡϵģΪľתĿ꣬Ϊʬ嶼ؿضǵע⣬ĿתƵϡ
ʱûκˣֻǵӱŮܵţʯͷߣȫûз£֪ؽմ˽ʬѪӡұϣʱҲŷӦΪʲôЩʬ嶼ɴ۾ȫǳڿ־壬ЩʬǱɫ״ĶƵģǸ֪ΣյٽԲŻʬϡ
ָӡǺҳһģһǸˣ


һٰʮһ أ3
ȻʯѾûʬۻĺۼ෴أҵǿʼһ߾ߵİ׹ǣûգϺܶİ׹ǣǵͷǷǳǿʬۻõĴͷˡ
ﻹǰ׹ǣٽȥһЩҲ֪Ϊʲôİ׹ǣΪٵ棬ʯʯȫĴͷˣҽ̧һ·ŹȥǴͷ˵ķ䷿һ
ǰʯͷѾƺû׷һˣһҼˣȴһƤߡ
ʯͷ˵ֻʬۻҵ˲֪ѾȥƤߣԽ϶˸ոյƲ⣬һ˳ȷǼðģðˣǺҳһĻһǸˣ
ֻҲ֪ΪʲôҪٰ˳ģ˳ģµʵ̫ΩΩФˣҺʯͷȻ˭Ҳûз֣汻ƭһ·
ʯͷҽƤԺõţҽŽʯͷʲôطʯͷĬãȴֻ˵֣أ
һ֮˳תҺʯͷԱߣּ谵ʵ
ֻһʯΧʬۻɫòÿʯͷһվţһֲ˳ôģ˳˵Ũ֮ƺͻϮ˹ȥѹʱˡ
˳˵⻰ʱҿһʯͷʯͷޱ飬;ˣʱŨѵһˣһҺʯͷ뿪Ϊʯͷ׷ȥǸǺҳһģһˣڿȴˡ
ҵĲ²ǣҳһģһǱһ֮͵Ϯ˳˳ӦǱεģȻѸٽ˳ϽŨ֮У֮ǰԼѾ˳ģһУ˳ͷǣǵǸٰ˳Ū
Ҿôµ龰ӦǲǣҲ޴֤ʵˡҴº˳˵һľ˳ƺһЩƺûȫ֮һֱĬţҿʯͷʱһۣ쳣þҪ˳ҿ˲סһ£ʯͷĿ⣬Ҫɱ֮ǰס
˳ʱȴûע⵽ʯͷĿ⣬Ҳ֪ʲôȻʯͷ俪ڣ˳ӣҶµİ̺ô㻹ǵ𣿡
ҿ˳ȵؿʯͷҿıǾȡ廹бʲôҿĪ飬֮ʯͷؿ˳رĿ⣬ʯͷȴ˵Сģߣ
˵ʯͷʯ߽ȥ˳ȴûһҪվ˼ֻǵͷҲ֪ʲôȻǲһ·ˣʱһ˾Ͷһϣο˳ȻԱ˺ȴʮչҵģҼʵ˳㲻𣿡
˳ͷǵţȻ˵СĶү㲻ùˣ
ʱҿԭڵϵ˳ͻȻվҿϲ֪ʱѾһѷذףɫþҪһذǳҴ̹ģҪɱң
ҵԺ̳ĸ֣Ҳ֪ΪʲôͻȻ֮˳˵ͷһԤҲûС䷢ʵ̫죬ҸûзӦ˳Ѿ
ҲʱֻоһͻȻһһЩˤòסΣֻʯͷѾǰȻҿù˳ϵذѾٵش̽˳ţһ֣ʯͷԥذγذף˿
һжڵʯ֮䣬ʯͷӳֻһӵĹͺݣҷӦʲôµʱ˳Ѿ˿ڣĵŲӣ˼ѾվȾҪȥѪ˿סߵǽڣȴЦ
Ц˵СĶү֪ˣʵܣԸʹʹˡ
ҿֻо˵˿ڣ˶ʯϣȻ˵СĶүҲ֪֧ġġӣܺòģȥˣȥˣҵܶġ
˵֮ҲƣȻ˳˵űϻѪѾȾʪߵѣһ̲⻰˵ƺѾ֧ŲסҸо˵ʲôֻһֱ˵ڹһʮҪܣĴκ˶֪ģֻǣǡ
˵˳Ҳ˵ȥͻȻҵشŴȻҵĺȻֹ»ͻȻͨһڵϣȻȥ
ҾƺʲôţֻһܣȻҿʬۻƺӵ˳ҪҪȥҪƽƽȥӦԸ
ҽµݸʯͷӵϱήʬۻŵϣֱ˺ܴһ֮Ҳͣ£ȻûѵˣЩʬۻ֦Ҷ͡ȡȼյһƬ
ʬۻǼģҲŽѷȥֻǽһȵȼҺܿͳʯӿֻ˳ʬۻһ·߹ķ˹ȥʱʯһƬ죬˳屻ûһ֮У龰Һʯͷʯȥ
ʯһЩҸоһֱϣҲ֪ͨ·ʯͷһ·һԲȻʵô֪˳Ҷһ̺ۣ
ʯͷػشһǣͨıԼҲһ֪ĵͼ㲻Ҳڲ֮ǰ֪Լһͼ𣿡
Ҿʯͷƺ֪һЩʲôʵΪʲôҪǣ
ʯͷش˵һ·Ҳˣһģһ˵ĳ֣ǱٵΨһ취ĵͼֻһô򵥡
һҪȥʯͷȴ˵СģЩҪԼȥ֣˵ԶɿѧԼȥѰ࣬ԼֵĲԼҪҵࡣ
һʯͷĻ˺ܶ࣬һһ䣬ֻ˵ô£ӦԼжϣЩ˱ţЩ˱뾴Զ֮Һܶʱ򣬶࿴ǷǳҪģȦм˵һҪסԶʧҲΪ޹ؽҪĻȴѾĻõҪܶʱһϸھͿǡ
֪ʯͷڽϵ˴򽻵ҲЩжʯͷ˵۶ү㱣̫÷Ǻ㣬㻹̫ĶҪѧһһǶˣαԼ
˵ʯͷ΢΢̾һƺΪҵĲ¶ǣҴӲ֪ʯͷһ棬Щж˵ЩʲôʯͷѾԹ˵ѾԽԽӦþǳȥ·ˡ


һٰʮ أ4
ʯͷÿͷ˵һһɨȻɫԽԽѿҷʲô쳣ûУʯͷոսҵĻϸȥЩͷˣڿʮ֮ͻȻ֣Щͷ֮һɣٽһǳһģһٿʮɻɡ
ʯͷȴ˵ֻеһ㣬ٿع۲ĸϸЩڷһģһĴͷ϶һһ۾ͼֻͼһϣһϣҲ˵ǶԳƣ
֮ǰֵһģһ˵ȫͬѵ֮ԻһһģһԼȫΪЩͷ˵Եʡ
ҾЩͷһĳʱеһȺֻǱŮҲ˵һԣǴڵʬۻҲ֪Щʬۻʲô
һһɣһģһĴͷǷһʯϵģ˵Ͳò˵˵ʯĹ֮Ϊͷ˵мƺһۣһֱʯıԵ쵽£ȻҿҲһһĶƺһֱͨºĵط
ʯһֱ쵽ͷ˵£ǽͷŲһЩλãִͷ˵¹һƬͼһİۣЩ۽֯ɵͼϤڡ˳Ͽ֦һͼ
ҾȵһʯͷȻҽһͷҲŲһЩһҲУͼպóʶԳƵӡ
ͼĽȴǰһԲλֻһĴָϸ̵ָʯԲεİ͹Բεİ۳ΪһԲģ
һǷʲôĵطֻǷʲôȴֻ֪ʯ֣һһģһͷһŹʯ֮ϣҲΪܹҵôƣ˵ܹһģһū
ĻʯϵͼΪ֤ʵҵĲ²⣬ҽͷ˷ȴûǵϿƵͼƣѵЩͷ˺͡˳Ǿʬ岻һǵûͼ
ЩʱȴеʯŵĴͷͻȻ˶ŻϸգӴչȥʱһȴѾ
ʵ̫ˣһûзӦͬӤһѾסҵ䡣
һȴʯϵĴͷѾ½½˹һعͷʯͷȴѾˡ
תżӵĹʯͷûӰǻϸ룬ҵһֻҲ͵رסһ˦ȴͬͷһ˳קҵ䣬ǹͷ­ҵֱۣʱҸоȫĺëѾֱϵĴͷһѾεرסҵֱۣҸеǼָѾǶҵļ棬ʱҸ͹˲ۣƴ˦ⶫȴֱԽԽ
Ҳ֪ʬ仹Ǳͻŵģҵ˫ֶţѾ˵ϣǰͻȻһƬڰĴͷѾ˹
ʱҽһĲȾµȥȻдͷѾʯ˵ϣ˫ֶˣֻƴҡͼⶫϻȥѾرסҵӣôҡʼȵزϣôĴͷˣǵ̸ܽȥǲ
ҾȵʱҿϵĴͷͻȻһؾͲˣƣֻһӰԣͬʱͷ˵ͷ¡͵˵ϣǳƵ
ʯͷ֪Ǵðģڰֻذ׷ź⣬߻һߣŲ˫ֵĴͷ˾ѾɿֱۣΪǵͷ­Ѿʯͷ˫ֿԶˣǾҪվһûֱӣٴдͷ˳
ʯͷؽҵѸȥҪȴտҲұˣ
£μ϶Ҽ͵һȻʲôӲĶײͷϣҵĺױײ߻أͷ˵ͷʯͷĲɣôӲײʯǽϻۣ
ҲǱײͷȻ߶ʮһط־ȥקֻоҵ˫ϹһĶҳӣֻҼϴꡱһҵ··õ
ƴؽ˦ȥȻֻһ޴ġ顱һԿǱõһֲԼס£ʯͷһ˵ɵúã
ҵһξʹ˱֮泩ͺñȱ˳һǷһؼͷ˾ȥסͷȻϹһӳȥҷֻȥ˻ʲôˡ
ʯƽʱҵѾʹ˿˲һڵϴڴڵĴŴոձ״̬ûۣһЪֻȫۣǻۣҸоָ̫ⱻץ˲ٵԵʡ
ҿʯһʯͷ֪˻ѣվǰҵһο˺ЦݣЦź˵СģĴͷʬģҶֻܸˣ
Żֻʯ涼һƬǽ壬ȫǴͷʬĲкķѵģͷ­ڵϵģҴɨһۣ֪ʯͷȤҵĻΪǱͷҪһЩֻǱҶϵĴͷԶ״ңȻѾˣǲͷˤϡþǱҵķѣҲ̶ãԼ˶쳣̡
ʯͷ˿ңȷû²վ˵ʯ淢ֵ㶫Ȼһʯ̴˳ֱʯ̶ʱһֻʯϺؿһģһͼʯƺ൱֮⣬һԲ΢ǳһЩýʯ̷ֳɾſ顣
ҲΪʲôʯҪֳɾſ飿
ʯͷȴһָͼȻңʲôʱĶ
ҲŮͷ˵ĵطǻشŮʱġ
ʯͷͷңŮʱꣿ
Ҵش˵Լǧҡ
Ȼʯͷʣôɽҵġ
봫˵ȻɿһЩݣǻش˵ȥĸֵģ
ʯͷٴεͷٴʵôĸŮʲôϵ
ƺѾһЩߣǼش𣺡˳˵ǰĻĸŮػǸյȱڵˡ
ʯͷ˵Ҳ˵ͼǲֳ˾ŷݣþǴľŶϵݣֻǺֻܾܿǶ˴Լ⣬ʩ˵Ҫҵͱҵţŷͼƴͼľŷͼ𣿡
һȻԭôҲ˵ĵͼڵĵͼ


һٰʮ أ5
ҿʯֻЩ㱣ΪʲôҵĻһͼͼɬ꣬ҸͿ˿ľҲ˵ûκʾ֮¾ͼʲôҲģҪͼǻҵŶͼܹҵʲô
ʯͷҲһҪʯͷóһʯ̣Ҳ֪Ǵʲôطóʯ̵ģ涼ͼһûп˵ʯͷѾ˵ϸʯϵͼʲôͬ
ʯͷұȽͼôǿ϶вͬˣϸضԱţͬĵطʱһͼȻȫԳƵģȻͬĵط΢΢ȴʧ֮ǧĸоΪһŵͼĻôϸ΢Ĳȫ쵽Ȼ෴ķȥ
ؼǣͼһĵͼҲ˵һ϶Ǿһģһģһܴܿ˵ģǵʯ˭壬˭ӰΪûκαǡ
뵽ͻȻ֮ǰһģһ˵һģǱ˭ģ˭ǼٵģûжϵݣôǸ޴ӷֱ棡
ľ̫˵Ļ˵ĵͼǵõģ֪ͼǵõģôȻҵǵõģôΪһһ˵ڰʾ˵ǼðģôȻǼðģ˭Ҵ
ʯͷʯ·Żʯȥע⵽ʯ澹ȻǿյģʯΪʲôᱻ
Ȼʯͷܲվ˵УǾʯ֮߹ȥŷʯһͨոʧٵһƾҵһͨȻҽȥһȽСʯңʯʯ˵ĵܣһģһϸ֮ȴûб̳ӣǾվţպ෴
һʯ΢΢𣬶һ΢΢мŵĿһ澵ӵĻô˸պûɾ
ʯͷߵʯǰû֣ңСģ㿴ʲô
Ҷǵڿȴ֣ǵϣһĻһͼͼҲǸպöԳƣȻ෴
ľҲԼģ龰Ҿֺĸо
ϸؿˣǵȷûеȴʯϣԼ
ô˵ʩĻˣ˵ǡ롱гɴԷַ⣬ֻз֪Ŷ䣬˵ҾǷ룬ƺҲ˺ܶණȻŶҲ֪ǷҲ֪Щ飬ΪʲôԳƵͼΪʲôһģһң
ȴøɻˣҾһԤԣŮ洵ʱѾԤʾŻ˳֡
ʯͷ飬ҵļͷҲҪ룬ƺѾ֪ҵ˼ʽʴķʽ˼·Ҳǽͷɻ
ңŮȻԾһ
˳˵һش˵ɽһ
ʯͷʣô빲Ͻսʲô
˵ϻ˼Ľľ̳
ʯͷʣϴݻ˽ľ̳ôʲô
˵ˮģŮòƣһ
ʯͷʣ
˵һ
ʯͷ˵ô㻹ֻһɺϣ
һȻҲ˵ĴܺôԶʱϹϵѵʩ˵ĵͼǴôԶʱһģ
ھһıԽʱͿռıΪʲôȴö֪
ʯͷûһȦȥĵǸͼ̱ʯͷֹ˵һǵʱʮʥĶڽʱһ˻ػ߱ʲô壬˵ҲʯҾͻ̮߽·ͻᱻȵȡ
ҵֽڿУȻϽ˻ʱͻȻʯﴫһǽŲЩΪ˽Ļǲᷢôġ
ҺʯͷϽʯͷûգʯʲôûУһƬǽ壬Ǳ߱߳ʯߣҷʯߣʲôطȴʵ޷
Ҿһ·߽ʯӦһȻѷ죬ȻŮؿʯӣŵĵطûбĲ֣ɱɽȻѿģԽԽխֱȴһ·һͨȥġ
խķ϶ַһʬ壬ʬɴżǵĶӷֻѾ޴ӷֱ棬ΪӸõֻʣһǼܣӦ￴ΪĻʬ塣
ʯͷϸʬ֮ʹҵ뷨ֻ˵ĹͷȫǶƺǻŵʱͱյˣӣҲģ
ȻʯͷͻȻվ˳ȥҲ֪Ϊʲôʱ͵ոյ죬ǽŲһҲϸȻǴʯ洫ġ
СģȥҲĵطˣʯͷͻȻһˡ
ǵǻţƺʱʯĳһҾΧʯƺ𣬶ʯ׹䡣
Ǹˣʯͷ龰ҸϽǰȥҺ棬խͨһٵرţʯ׹䵽ɽһ
֡¡¡һֱصߣҸоʯ棬ʯȴκζʯͷ˵ֻǰܣ澿ʲô
ѷԽԽߣʯܲƽߵĹֿһʬ壬ҲͬһʬһõֻʣһǼӡûüȥϸоҸоƺҵĽߵȻǰһҳҵͷʱȴָոջĹǼܣֻΪʧһžͱһѷĩ
ҵĽմǻңҲȥЩΪҵٶһԽԽ󣬺ʯĶһֱڸǡ
϶֮жתգխͨͷֻҿ֮⿴ʯǽʯǽ෢ľǷʯû뵽һȦȴٴλصʯǽıϣʯǽʧ֮Уֱִ֣ңǲûн뵽ʯǽȥ
Ȼʯǽ±ÿȻҸо󲻶ʧҲһΪѾⶫʱֻһʯڵһͷȥֻǳխͨѾʯ̮ʯϣһźɫľһĶҿϸˣⶫѾǰֻɫĴָСһĶͨڣߵĽŲһ


һٰʮ أ6
ɫٶʵ̫ˣ˲ҺʯͷӾͱڸЩɫĳ֮УɳϵǣЩȻ͸һֱӴǵ֮䴩˹ȥ
ŵվԭȥǣҵȴա
ҲŵؿʯͷʯͷƺҲǴΪ⣬ҿǾ˺¥һʯͷԶȥĺ˼˺ܾãȻ˵ǻȥ
˵תոǳͨȥҸոͨѾʯסˣǻôȥǵͨϵʱȴݵʯ³һͨʯͷҲ˽ȥ
ҸŽȥǸոս뵽棬Ҿ;ͷһѣΣ֪ʲôԵʣƺһʶĸоĳһʱҲйһĻһľٶһ㡣
˦˦ͷֻ㱸˲ʧҼȴһֲͨ⣬ΪʲôЩɫĶɳһͬӰһ
ʱҿʯͷ̮ʯ飬һһײţײµƬϸ˿ȻתһطظŸոյĶ
ʯͷ̧ͷ˵ʯڲȻγɵġ
Ҳ֪ʯͷʲôҲӵϼһϸ˿ҶⷽûоȴһȻ
ʯͷ˵㿴ʯͷʬۻ֦ҶƬ
˵ʯͷеʯҿ˿ҹ濴ʯһʬۻ֦Ҷ˵ͷһģȷǰһСƬ飬ǾƬ
ʯͷʬۻ֦ҶȻ˵ʯзǳݣǽʱµģȻγɵľʯǲݵģҪһ㣬Ƭʬۻ֦ҶȻڽʱȥȫȻγɵġ
˵ʯͷվȻźܲʯڣϸϸؿʯͷ˵ݣȴ䲻ʯ濴һֻ۾һʯͷŵ̻عͷң˵ǿ۾
ʯͷ̶ҽʯ˿ͳذСĵؽ۾ʯӣſһ˵֪ΪʲôҪֲ˶ʬۻˣǽбزٵһ򣬾ڽҪˮһʬۻĹʵǿʯģԼӴеճ϶ȡ
˵ĻⲻǺõĻƣʯӾͳ䵱ˮֻ࣬Ůõȴӷô๤ȴֻǴﵽ˻ĹЧ˶˵Ϊۡ
ʯͷҵļȴҡҡͷȻ˵ʬۻĹʵ治ֻĿģʬۻҪĻˣĿǰʬۻĵطǵ֮ŻһԵǳǿĴоʮֲȶʱ䣬Ҿ϶ʬۻرʱ䣬ûиоԽܻһʶĻ㱸С
ʯͷҲָоҲ˵һ˲ţʯͷ˵֪޷ȷʱ䣬һ·Ҷֻ࣬ͻȻһ⣬طʱƺյģֻӵĹ켣ҹյֻһӣһ֮ͻٴλصһ֮ǰ
Һʯͷ˵ЩƶǶʯͷúܼ׵Ļ˵Ҳ˵һôʱʵʱ˵ֻһӵʱ䣬һ·ϵĳһضʱһӣһֱظһӣһӽֻع鵽ԭλٴδͷʼ
ôܣĻô˵ʱǹֹͣģھʹͣ͵ʱ棿
ʯͷ˵Ҳʱ䲢ֹͣȴѭ˵˵ʱֹͣģΪͣһ֮ڣ֮ʱͲٶˣ൱ڱʱ档
Ҿ˵ĻǿԶȥԶ
ʯͷͷ˵ȷҲΪʲô￴ʬ廹ԭԭ˵һЩʬ壬ȥʱ䣬Ȼ˵ǾʱΣ
Ҿʯͷ˵ЩƣһǴˣʯͷ˼˵ײ֮´Ҳڲ֪һŰһĳһʱһӣֻһŰĳһʱһӣֻδ֮ĳһʱһӣ֮пܡ
Ұʯͷ˵ôǵ֧֮ҲӦòȻģΪ󴳽˸ͲȻһ˵ôһ·Ͽʬ壬⣡
ЩʬĲ̬ͬҾһʱһŰһܾ֮Ϊͨʬ帯óӣҪһʱ䡣
ʯڼȻģôǲ˵ŮҪȱڣʯͷȴٴҡҡͷ˵ЩʯԲǷʯұ֮ӣȻȴһֱڱԵתĵطӦʯǽ档
ǼȻôΪʲôҪ⽽
ʯͷȻҲ˼⣬Ȼ˵ǿѾҵ뿪ķˣ
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ȻͻȻʶһ⣬ô̮εǿȱȥôʱ𲽾ͻῪʼ߶ͽһѭ
ʯͷ˵ȷҲ˵޴Ӳ²ľʱ䣬ᷢԶ˵׼
˵ţͻȻһ޴ĺ¡洫ǷӦҿԭѾȱһӵĶͻȻӿͬһЩӶƴӿ
һҺʯͷ汼ܽȥֱʯǲͣ£ʱѾһƬڰȱѾˡ
ո̮ʯһʮɵĻڿţҲԶŲôᶮ˶Ķ
ȱڱҲӵ˵ʯͷĲ²ȷģҲ˵Ѿѭ´˸߶Ȳȷʱ棬ʯͷ˵ȷ˵֮ǰǴھֹʱ䣬ôھǴڿٷŵʱ֮УҲ˵ÿһÿһ룬ӦĶǳɱ߳ɳ˷ٶȡ


һٰʮ ع
ʯͷ˵һпԳȥķͺͳһҲ˵һ
Ϊʯͷ˵ȻʱѾôһкŵһ׶棬ڵ֮ӵһǲǵʱеһͨͻһȫյĿռ䣬޴ʱ֮˵ˡ
ڣǳ³һʱľ庬壬ֲʩһǱ³֮ǰһҪ뿪ԭһǻᱻһʱͨӵӶʧ
ôҲ˵һǧһεĻԾʱӦþʱʧʱԲŻһͨǲŻ
ҾֻܿܽȻԾ΢΢һֶѣΪȻⲢŮҪ࣬ô˵ҪǸ޷Ķ
ҾҺʯͷҺҵʱȱڣǺܿҲЩһԶʧԶܳȥΪ
Һʯͷںڰ֮дţͨƺûжٿռ䣬ǰʯͷѾͣסˣ˵ǵͷˣҿֻܴʯͷĻ֪ľΣʯͷ˵ʯڣһ޴ʯ飬ʯܿǴž޴ĴģȻĴѾǿĵزôھڸҲ˵һһгڣ
ֻʯͷ治ϵ߶ţںڰʲôҲȻֻʯͷͻȻ˵һˣұ㳯Źȥ
ʯһ϶ȥĿڣҺʯͷȥڵĵƲϣڴ̽ͷʱȴɽĴѾɢˣСꡣ
Ҹо»صʵĸоʯͷȴ˵Ӧøãץʱҵڣ
Ȼʯͷɽ´ܣɽ´ϣɽһƬ֮УΧɵظʯͷ˵껹û´󣬵ʱ򣬾ͻǳԣΪлһͨⳡ겻֪¶ãһǿԿ϶ģûǾ޷ȥ
治һһڶ𽥴ɽȫû谵һƬ֮Уҹ濴һͨһ·֣ҪΧҪһЩҲ֪γɵģʯͷѾס˵ߣ
Һʯͷͨһֱɽ߽ȥѾܵˮʯͷ˵ԽԽãԽ·Խ׿ԽԽͣ˵һʮ첻ȣͨʱ̫ʱ䣬һ·ʯͷǡ
˵ôĻֻҵһ¼Ǻţ´żǺŽͿԣÿζĵһꡣ
ʯͷҡҡͷ˵ûõģΪҪҵǸطʱʱ̶̿ƶÿһÿһµλöǲͬģĵһҵʱ¹֮ͨͻˡ
Ǻһ£ǽµ·ԱߵĲûǰǰһ·һֱ쵽ɽȺȥʺһԶһߵµʱȴʲôҲûˣ·Ҳһĵ
ʯͷǽ﾿ҪȥѰʲôʯͷʱŸңҪҵһˣ˭ʯͷ˵һ֪ˣ
ʣô棿
ʯͷ˵۶үһǸطӳģټѰҵȻǶ˵ܿѾ棬ȴһֱš
Ǹطʡ
ʯͷ˵۶үܴµһоǺԱĪ۶үʶԾǾ˳ǵĹϵǱֵܡ
ҷʯͷΪʲô۶үƫƫҪôԶĵطң
ʯͷȴ˵۶ү˵Ҳǧ۶үԴը֮Ѿʧ٣˵ܶ۶үҺܾȣڼ˶˭ҲҲֻˡ
˶Ҳ
һ·ϵ飬ֻ˵۶ү٣ǻľ׵ʱ˵۶үô֮ǰѾľף֮Ҿû˭˵Ҿ̫үҶû
Ҿ۶үʧٿ϶Ҫ̽йأҴ˳ϣ֪۶үܼԺĵңʯͷŲŸң۶үԺҵ¿˵ѾֻǸˣΪ۶үը֮ʧٵڣ̫үѾȫȨƿܼҵԺ˵֮ǰҲԺˣҲ۶үµˡ
֪ʯͷֶ۶үͽܣֺѾľףֻʣʯͷһˡ
ʯͷŸ˵̫үҲһֱ۶ү۶үʧٺ̫үһĸϵϻôģ֮Ҳ֪Ϊ֮Ҳûټ۶ү
Ҳ̫үסܼƺһı˳ʶԣ˳ҵģҲ˵һʼ̫үڼҡ
ôĿʲôסܼңһסһ
ʯͷ˵ЩͻȻĴƺ֦ͬܿڲѾصķ磬Ϊʲô¼ǺĴ󽫼治ûԭġ
Ҿ˻ˮԽԽˣûа취£Ϊұ˽ȥԶ֪ࡣ
Һʯͷһ·ϱ˵ߣѾ˺ܶɽ´·ʧһɽ´棬һͷ˿·ڣֻǶģЩʯͷ˵µʱ··ױϣԽԽ·ͻ𽥺Χһ壬ֱҲҲΪʲôǱڵһҪǻˣȻʧĪĵطôûдһꡣ
Һʯͷһɽ壬Ľ룬ɽѾĻ֦Ҷïɭ֣û·ּϴǺһʱ߽ȥһСΡ
ڵʱ˿쵽ɽλãһֱţǸûпԶĵطʯͷУֻѾ쳣ƣɽ·ŢÿһҪһҲòΧߡ
סһƬ̧żߵʱȴ䲻֮ͻȻܳһߣ֣һ֣о͵ؾʧȥ˿ʸĶȻһȥֻоΧӲݶϣۣ¹ȴûͣȻֻеһգž䵽һƬˮ档
䲻ˮ棬Ǻ˼ˮˮƺЩҴȵλãվȴһӣʯͷѾ˿ӱϣȻҲԥû£
ҳ˲֮⣬û˵ʯͷ˿ӣ汻ˣʱǲûпڵ⾹ȻǸûжĵطպá
Ϊ˱ʯͷ濴˿һǸ߶ʲôģԴȥǰװ׸˼ʳȥ


һٰʮ ֮
ʯͷȥȻ̽˵Сģʯͷģƺס
ҵͷȥҪö࣬ȷʯͷ˵涼÷ʯʵʵһЩé̳˴ӣʯӺӣӵȷסġ
̶ȺͿ˵ӦúܾûסˣǡøҺʯͷṩһ֮ǽʪ·š´ϣȻ򿪱ҲšˮĶһһó
ѹɻû⣬ԳԣҺʯͷԳһЩΪƣҾõ˯˹ȥ
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ҿ̧ͷ˿ңȴûгҸеƺЩԾǺȻֱôһ飬˯ޣҿˣϰԵ䣬ȴǿյģǸطѾˣֳһҪ
ӰȴѾǳѸٵشܽУҸæ׷ȥֻѸٵشӿӱȥȻʧУУ֪ɽҰôΪʲôֻʣһˣʯͷȥ
ԽԽԾǴӿӱʱɭʲôҲûУʱʯͷһȥ
ֻòԾֲ뿪ոոյ˵ʯͷһǷʲôԲһ뿪Ҿţǹ˺ܾͷûлҵﲻЩ㷲
ֱҪʱʯͷڻˣҿһ˿ƣɫǿ֮ĨɫѸʧʲô£ǲǷʲô
ʯͷƬ̣Ȼ˵Ƚȥ˵
Һʯͷ»صʯʯͷʯѳɵĵϣȴһҿƺĥҪο˵£ЩͲסӣ֪ʱʯͷȥҷʲôûдʯͷҲԾȲ࣬ԻԼļ꣬һҹѾʯͷܷ⣬һҹʱ䶼ˣģôһ
ʯͷһȻ˵Сģǰ㲻ٸŽȥˣһ˽ȥͺãɣ
Ҿ㵵ؿʯͷ֪ΪʲôͻȻ֮ͱ⣬ѵʯͷƿӰǰĽȣʯͷˣ˽Ϊʲô
ʯͷ˵СģΪʲôҲ˵ԭ㼴ҪٹЩˡ
ٴβؿʯͷʯͷҲ˵Ļ֪ҪҵľģҼᶨ˵ʯͷҲߵģ֪࣡
ʯͷܲµһ˵û˵Ȼ˵СģΩһѣҲԸȥװ
ȻؿңЩ׽˵㱾ԹøƽһЩģ
ʯͷӺ쳣Ƿʲô£ȴ˵ʯͷ㾿ʲô£ʲôǲܺ˵ģ
ʯͷûлشң˵Сģѡ̽Ѱ࣬𣿡
Һܼᶨ˵˵׵ػţԸѡ࣬ʹ֪һ̾ȥҲڣ
㻹û֪ѾΪ󲻺ڣʯͷҡ
ҿ۾ܼᶨ˵ڣ
ҿʯͷһֱңȻȴЦҲ֪ΪʲôЦǾЦúܺ㣬˵ǸƢ
Ҳÿɷ񣬿ʯͷȴɼĻ˵ҲȥðգСģ֮ǰһֱԼĴں壬ֱ㣬ҾҿһԼҼǿû
һֱ벻ܵʯͷȴ˵ĻҰο˵ÿ˵Ĵڶڣ룬˵޷壡
ʯͷ̧ͷңһֺܾȵĿ⿴ңȻǵЦݾɢ˵Сģлл㣡
ʯͷͻȻ֪λشȻ˵СģΪ仰ҾΪһֺηҲҲҴڵ壡죬ܻ㣬Ǿ˵Ѿҵࣻûг뿪صٲҪ
˵ʲôʯͷͻȻǰһûӦѾصشҵĲϣһۣ˹ȥ
ڳιȥ֮ǰֻĻңԶĸҵԺһֱڻ첻ͣûг˵Ѿʧ棬ôҺúûȥ
ѹʱʯѾ£Ҽ£͵شӵϵʯѾûʯͷİӰӣֻʯϰذףȻҵġ
ذףΪذķ֮ûǴΣգ
һ˵ⷬҾ̲סһشźսûܻܲ˵ľʲôΣգȻصĵز
ذ׼һسӣһֱɽȥһܵɽïܵɭֺĴ꣬ûİӰӡ
ɭ֮ƴغ֣ϣܴӦһҵȴȻѾȥɭäĿѰһȦ̱ŢĵϣͻȻҺʯͷһԻ
Ҳ֪ԼôصʯģʯϣˮϵδδڵϣȴȻ
֮һعҸԼʯͷһܹΪģһҲһû£ѡһȥûջȫ
οԼﲻϸԼģʯͷ氲Ȼĳģֻûлܲҵ࣬ҪųΪ࣬Ҫ
Ҽû뿪ʯһ뿪ļ϶ʯͷͻˣȥʯͷûлҲţһֱȵ˵ĵϣ𽥴ʧɾ֪ʯͷˣ
һ̣˽ĵȴٵı֮ȴͻȻƽˣʱҲʶһϿ֮һ֤ʵҵĵģ֮⣬ȫûһκǣһΣʯͷ
һ̣ҲͻȻʶԼųĴۣҲƿҿԺʯͷһȥ˵Ļżһ
е޷Ѿʵʯͷ˵Ļ˵ͻᵽ죬֪ǰѾҽ
͵վʯͷذȻϱȻ뿪
ҾãʯͷȻ뿪֪ûȥһҪҪʬʹѾ棬ҲҪҵʬ壬֮ǰұһԼһ׵ײƿԼ
ҸҪǣҪǿػȥʯͷУҲԺڵȫ壡


һٰʮ ޶ɺ
ҴϿ˸ľ⣬ҲŷԼ޷ġ
ǣڸľƤƺ׼һһʲôû˵ȥﱥһ٣ٷȴҳԵܵһΣ̻ʵسţȴһֱڷ¡
Ƥһֱ߿ҳԣȻ˵СģܣͿ޳ɣ
һүǣڷ˳һ޵ϡﻩģһŮ˶磬ҵĿ˵Ŀ⣬ƤһۣݵЦһǵʧĿʲôÿģ
ҸûƤĻƤֻǾؿڿޣ˵СģǸȥһˣ
޹֮ҾϺ࣬ҲøӳƤڸľҴһУȴûкһ˼ǰһ죬Ҹǣ˵Ļ˵СģһһУ뿪ʱѾ˷츲صı仯㿴ʲôû䣬ѡɱ䣬ôȥ֮ܵģ
ƤҪȥֻЦЦû˵ȴһţ˵СģһѾȫǸҪɡӻķģô͵޲ȥ
Ƥ뿪һھƵķƤ˵Ļһ룬ҲʧȥߵˣôΩԼԱǡ
ȻԱÿҵķţ˵ǰ̨һţڸľûˣƵ꣬ƤҰźõģҺɵزţȴƤµġ
ҾŵʱΪʲôѻһ˵꣬뿪ȴҪһţҴţȫһַַڸľ
ҲҪ뿪Ƥ뿪֮Ÿַ˼ҪȥˣҲֻһţȫΪ治û˽֣Ϲӡ
ƤһŹҴ򿪷ĵԣӹｫŽȥȻ˫򿪡
һӰļҲΪƤһŵӰƬȻ֮һƵĵúܻ谵֡
ͷڲϵػζһˣңȻܻ谵һܿһĹңҼǵɴ۾ϸϣǿԿĻ棬ҿŵ߰ʬʱŻȻȷһĹҡ
ҵǰһͷĹľͶڹľ֮ǰһվź֣ҿмǰƺҪڹľĹ׸Ǹ˿ŻһζҿתͷžͷȻĿܲһϳ̫ү
ŹľĹ׸Ǳ򿪣һӾ͵˹ľ棬ʱ涸ȻΪ˽ƴ˹ľ棬ҿҾ˯ڹľ֮Уҵ۾ſŵǰңűĮȻɫһֱͣûƿ͵شһսΪ񿴵Īط㤣ҿſڣȻɳƵһһٴҵԺǷģ˭
ͻȻԵĻһžͱ˺ʱҲע⵽͵ðһɰ̣ҼæȥİťԵֻĹѾΣƬڻһճڹϡ
ȻƤȾѾƺõˣһǽȡȻһӽͰȻڷصŲӡ
ƬƤ˵һЩȴʯͷʱ˵ģʯͷ˵˲ңôƵƤ˻ѣʯͷ˵ģ˵ȷҡ
ֻҾƵݻЩ죬ΪȻĹңȴңҲ˵ĹҵҲǱαҲ˵һ
ԽԽòԾƤҵַһ飬Ҿھȥ
׼֮Ҵȥַ·ΣַңΪһó԰ʲôĶУһңϸĵַȴһվ㡣
Щɵ߽ȥһСӣҪʲôݣҡҡͷ˵ˣؿһۣ˭˵Ϲӣϵ˵ûˣȻ˻ȥ
ƤĵַûҿСӵ̬ƺЩӦʶϹӡͳһ̵ݸȻдŵַֽҲݸ˵С磬￴ַǲ
ٴξؿһۣ˵ûн̣ȴӹֽ
ַ˵ַûȷûˡ
˵ֽݻңҾֻ֪ҪʲôңţҿӳóһƬݹȻңʶ𣿡
ҺɵؽӹƬʯͷƬһһźڰգȻЩͷˣӺڵʯͷֱһģһ
ҵͷ˵ʶ
СӿһۣȻ˵Ƿģ
Ҿô֪ҵ֣һǻش˵ǡ
Ȼ㻻һֱ飬˵ҵȵȣҿȥ˺ĲֿƺȥʲôڵվţҲֻһݹ˾ô򵥡
һһûд򵥣ݸ˵ǰƬ㣬˵һзĵ˻ȡ
˵ִӳóһݿ˵УҵûУһݣѾһˣû˻صַһֱѹţӦþҪҵˡ
˵һݿݸңҽˣһЩļ֮Ķô
˵°Ƭ˳ʲô㻹ǵ𣿡
С˵˵Ҳ֪ġ
˵СζЦЦ漴ףһؽ𣬷Ҳģ֪˼黫Ǳ㲻£ʲôʱģ
Сԥһƺڿܲ˵˵Լǰ
һʾʱ䣬ʱŮˣԼʮӣƺĿݵģ֪Ů˴òǿģж꣬Ҳ²׼Ů˿ҵʱ򻹳ЦЦǰҵԱˣεЦЦСûٴңұȥˡ
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һصƵʱȴ¥µĴٴοǸոͣ˳ҿһֱۣǰȻҲǰ


һٰʮ ·ת
СȻҲסҸɵǣȻҲסʮ㣬Ůʿȵ˼룬ȽݣһҿŵذʮȻعͷңҪȥ㣬Ұ㰴
ˣں˵ҲЦЦ˵Ҳȥʮ㡣
漴һ׵ı飬žͺҴڨ˵ĿǱˣεİɣ
ЦЦû˵ĬϣҴŷֻЦЦҲ˵ƣ͸ԳĬȻݵˣҺ߳صȣҲûٿֱóŵʱҲŷסҸڡ
ҾѾɺôˣӿݹ˾Ƶ꣬ȫ㻤һظţȳЩʱ򣬿ȴڴװżڵڨּڸң
ҴӿһۿʼҾ;⣬ָоܹ֣˵ǾͶ֮䶼ͳ˲̫һ̫һֲ֪
ҽ뵽ԼķȲؽ𿪣һƬʧĵطһƬһģһǰ󶼷ſ˿ûпʲô쳣ǽ·ŻȥٰһϹӵĿݴ򿪡
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»һͼһҲ֪ǲʧ֮뿪ʯǸӣ֮ͼƬͨʺɫӦǾʮǿĴû
֮ͼƬ϶ѾģţЩһйģѾ˷ǣôʲôҪЩͼĹҼַȻ޷ա
뵽Ҳȥ˿ϵռַǿʱȴһĸоͷݵϵǩȻҵּƣǱ׵һ㣬ȷҵּ
ֻһƬհףϵĵַǸľһطҲ˵Ϲӵĵַڣҽַܳһֽϣݹ˾޷ҵˣǾͲһ˵ûˣðһȥַͷ
˵߾ߣҽƬͼֽϿȳ֮ƤеĶҲ»˸
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ȷⶫϿ涪ʧģΪƤһʱһǵóⶫⶫȷǲˣ
ҵıҼػͷ䣬ȻʶʲôһͰǰֻƬӵĹѾˣҿһ۷ĵԣſ
ȻԣҲ˵Ҳʱ˽ҵķ䣬ҵıջĵԣ˱ջĹ
ϸϸؽ䶼һ飬֮ûٷ쳣ԺŻ˭ôڸľز죬ʶκˣ
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ҽȥ棬ȴ͵һ㶣ֻʮӣؿңмҿƺЩ죬֪Ƿʲô£ЩѾվҵСĶү
ȻŮ˻һ˵СĶүûϳɣ
ŮʮϤ˼ؿ˵ˣ㡭ǡ
Ȼҿصͷ˵ڸľóʱˣʯͷ³Ժûʰо֣ԾͽҵСĶүڵǸҷľɫһôֲ𣿡
εͷȴ벻ͨΪʲôľ̫ӣôڵ֮ľ̫˭
ľ̫֪ɻ˵뿪ȣȰȫ˵
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ЩӴӦȻҿиóɽİȫҴϣѾȫװиȥȻȥ
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ȽŴΧȻҴ¥ȥ˵ƵĴѾڼңǴ¥ֱȥ³⡣
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棬ľ̫һ˵СĶүͷ治ҵ
Űīȡľ̫ųڽͷת䣬Ҫȥľ̫˵㲻Ѿطдֽˣ
תǷѾ֪Ϲˣǲ˵;ʱ򣬻ҳ˳ľ̫һЩȻֻʣˣʱ˵һڸľҴѾ֪ʲôʯͷѾȥǲǣ
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Һľ̫ľ̫ͣһεĵطƺѾᳵ·شŪСһСԺ֮УСԺţƿԼ˽ȥ
ȥĵһҵĸоǻİܣȻźܻİܣôסӣҺľ̫߽ȥһһҲˣľ̫һȦ˵ܲǣǻȥɡ
һһݣưܵĺͻҲûʲ治֪ϹʲôˣȻסĵط
Һľ̫˳ȴԺվһˣһľһϹӡ
ڣСˣ
һش˵ǣ
Ȼľǰ˵㻹ˣ
ƺʶһȻһ߽˵Сӣһ˽ͺã
ҿһľ̫ʾҸŽȥԼûһ˼ҸϹӽһֱӿưܣǷȴ࣬£Լ˴ϡ
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˵Ҹһݿݣûա
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㻹ȥ֮ǲǣ
ˣȴҡҡͷ˵֮ţһңԶĴˣңԶҶôǵˣŵһ˵ζûкһ𣿡
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ͿͻȻ˵һ仰Ȼ̾˵ЩϣȴçײؽȥˣͿڣûܹȥˣûˣ뱲ǰ׵ˣһΪһ׿ڸ濴࣡
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˵Ҫȥ
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Һܼᶨ˵ǣ
ȻҿֳĬȴʧҲǾɥ˼֮˵ҿ԰һѣҺȥ壡
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Һľ̫ϹӷıϢѾûˣոǵʱ䣬Ѿ㹻Ϣ
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Ϲӵһе⣬֪һ֧ĿֲҲӺ⾿һ֧ʲô͸֮
סľ̫ڸľķƺѾסһˣҲϸ˵˵ʱǵļƻҲòʯͷϸͿȫ
һȥϿȵǸ˵ȷľ̫Ҳˣľ̫˵ܼҵ̫̫ǿʼһֱڰľˡ
ΪľݵҲ࣬˵ĶһЩ֪ˣûٰ֪磬Ҳû˻ɣһȴ֪ǼٵģǾ˳ҲΪʲôҪԵʣΪܺùĻ
˳ȻܼҵˣܼѾһϣر֪Լ֮Ϊ̽ѰźͳɳǱ߰ϵϣθľĶҾǰͣһ·Ҳô鷳
ᵽ˳ҲʱӣȻҾһֱʹ֮Уر֪֮ѡ˳׵Ͼûмܻ̹ȻܣԼҲǳȣҾȻƽؽԼ档
ĻͿƲһֱǺͼٵľ̫ȥϿȣľ̫һֱڸľӺľ̫ȥϹӵ龰ϹӲʶһ棬ҼԿɶľ̫һֱסڸľܺϹһ̽ս֮󣬾һֱס
ΪʲôסûңҲ²Źƺ͡ǸطйأϾҪȥϿȣľǱؾ֮أ
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ֻĴϵǲʵֻ»ԭ򣬻ҲĴ֮ʲôҲ˵һ
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뵽ͻȻԼûϸϸȥƵƤŵƬʲôҲ˵һֻеϸҲûü࿴ҲԼĴ⣬ѾΪʱ
Ȼľ̫˵Ƥ˵Ƥʱľ̫Ҳüͷ˵Ƥ˺ǿ͸ȥģǳǸľ̫Ҳ˵ЩʱڳɳģƺͳɳǱҲϵ
᲻ǵڶ˳ľ̫˵ҲȷһǿȷģǸ۶үġ
ʧ֮ؼֻѾЩֱ治ǾǲʵڵĳΪƶϣƤӦľףżĹ³˸ľȻ˵ⲻûܣҾԭĿԸ
ڡġסַǸ˵£ΪһֱΪǡġǺȴǲǣΪȷϣһľ̫ľ̫˵ȷǹӣġġѾʧˣԴӹӽ֮Ǵ˼һֱҵĳ֡
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ֻҲΪʲôᱻڹײ棬ʱҲƤʯͷ˯ʱΣʵ֤Ƥ˵Ĳʯͷңǲ˵ڹײ˯ӦҲŶԣ
뵽ͻȻ뵽ʲôϵһƵġȷڹײȻײܷģȷǻŵģƤ˵ȥܼҵԺҲνĽأͻȻһܴ󵨵Ĳ²⣬᲻ܼνĽأʵһƬĹأ˵һƬĹأŲ˾סΪܼҵĽأ̸֮ɫ
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լûȥԲ֪ǵԺʲôӣڳ¼լǶʱ䣬ҲûȥԺֻȥá
ֻԼѾȴһԹ֮дת
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ұ˵ߺɵؿһ̫ү̫үϹų겻΢Ц飬µΣ˳Ǽٵû
ؿһۣƺǹҵģֻ˵¾Ժȥˣ̫үϵЦݺҽԥ¸òʣ̫үԼ˵ҿ㾪ȵı飬һǺܲŰɣ
ҵͷ̫үһƽ̫ү㲻浱˳ɣ
̫үȴ˵ݵϢԲһֱڸľ˳ô᲻ֻ֪Ƕû㹻֤ݲɼ˳ӶܼҲѾ˶ģѾ֪ǼٵģҲ޳Ī޿κΣ㵱̣ٵ治ˣܻ¶ġ
ʵոеĹԺȥʯͷסȴ˳̫үҲڣ˵̫үҲָ⣬ܼز죬Ҳֻ̫үˡ
Ҫȥʯͷס̫ү˼һ˵һȥĻܻЩףҪȥĻԴȥ
̫үŵĻòˣԺǽأԺ˳̫үû˿ԽȥҽȥһΣǸԹһҳνȥͷԡ
˵߾ߣҽŴϣ̫үصҽãǰ̫үסʱϰߣ۳ȥһҪźԺһܼլѵɣ
һ̫үϰ߽Ŵź̫үڽȥʱ̫ү˵ˣҲÿӦС
ҵͷӦţ̫үҹսѶǽ˵Ҽס·ܲң£ԼСЩ֪̫ү϶ǸæˣһһӦˣ߱߼·
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̫үҹսһСԺſڣСԺûԺţֻһ磬һ޴ĻƸңһƬհףԺſڡ
Һ̫үƹ磬ԺһھԺӵ룬ƳۣһڿݾһۿȥЩףûˮӡ
̫үָǽŵ˵ʯͷס档
䲻һĺԺһ䷿ӣҲǿţʣأ
̫ү˵䶼ǿŵģʯͷϲ徲Ժһס˵̫үֶһԼСģԼˡ
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뵽ҽľźϣİܼ򵥣ûдֻһľľʣĶûУûƤ˵Ĺײġ
ʯͷ˼򵥣סĵطҲ򵥵£֮Ҳûľ̫˵ģ޼Ѱ
ʯͷôϸĵˣһεĵطκκۼģ֮˵ǲεĵطϴλ͵͵Ǳ뵽ܼլͿóȻסǶȴǷŵģҲǲһЩˣҲδ֪ΣҲ˵һ
תתＸһӣӺͷֻ˻ҲǺܺһңҵֻʱҿһʵӡ
ӡӱԵǷʲôһսȥӡӦҲһЩʱˣΪҲѾһңһӡʮ䰴ȥģӦú㣬򲻻Ὣֵֻ״ֳ
ӱԵֱȻ˱ȻӦվӱȥģӦòһرˣˣǺԼǷʲô˵ʲôۼġ
˼ȥֻ˭
Ҵӡϣҿֵһ㣬˵ʳָָָһҿ˿Լָһ˵ָҪһЩָΣʳָ̣ȻҵЩ˿ܻʳָָô˵һָһģһģټ
֮⣬ӡٿκĶߣתһȦӡȥʣϳһĺۼ֮ҲʲôҲûУֻǣȴڷ¿ʲôڵϡ


һپʮ ı2
򵥶࣬һ֮⣬ϻûκڵϵһۣҽϸϸˣȴһƬͨɫ״һڸľ￴һһģһ
ҽƬŽڴʱȴؿҵĽӡ໥һҶӣ治֣ᷢҿ˳֮˵Ľӡ
ҴŵƽЬҵĽӡ֮Уһ˫ƤЬĽӡӡȻҪҴ࣬ǷʲôһڵϿʼϸϸнӡѰҷӡ鲼ӣµ·ߺƣҲ˵ҲһѰʲôģ᲻ӡһˣ
ڽӡ֮ϸرţû˵ĽӡȻĻнӡΪҳڻĽһȦҵĽӡ֮⣬ûб˵ˣҼԿ϶ϵӡ͵ϵĽӡӦͬһµģֱתһȦֱҲûķ֣ҲŻߵſڣ뿪
ųºϣһһԺӣȷûб쳣Ŵ̨ȥƬͰһԱ£ʲôͬ
ߵԺ֮еʱߵͻȻһƺǴ֮ĶڵͣŤͷˣ
ҳߵ߹ȥҾԼߵСұ߱Ķһ֮û˿
ľűϣ͸ŷ濴˿ֻһƬһɱˤ֮ӣ濴˿ȴҲĶһƬžƺոֻǸ⡣
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һؽƿƿŷﻷһ棬ʯͷǼҪ࣬һ׼Ҿߣδ̻аȵȶУȴûˣֻкȲĴɱˤڵϣɷĿ
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ҾؿΧ̧ͷ˷ϣûУҽڣӵʼնûпҲ˵ǴȥģӦû棡
Сĵߵǰ棬ǿԲĵطһ飬ȻһҲûУɻʱͻȻһŲ洫תѾűߣһûзӦѾˣҾվԭأһȵؿſڡ
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˵߽ˤĴɱŵһߣȻóһɱ˱ңεԭأ˳ȴЦ˵СĶүѵһˣȱ裡
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˳ͷ˵ǣ˵ҲǲŸհ֮ⲻҲ˵Ǽð˳֮סģΪʲôҪѡסʯͷȴö֪ҼװȲʱһ˫֣ȴ˫ֱ·ˣ
ոʱ̫ţûüǸʱϸϸ˫ֻ֣Ѱûˡ
ҼҲһ£ֻǿңһִ۹⣬Ҵ۹ƺһˣ˳Ϊ˳Ŀ˵ʱĻص
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Ҳ˵ôֱӣҽĶѾ˶ѵ廳ǽΪʲôžʯͷ˵ұѧΪ˴ɡ
Ŀ֮ҸסҺһڲֻ˵ԼҪߣҲûңֻҵ֪ȥ·𣿡
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ҵͷӦţȻͳӣһֱԺߣֱԺǽϣų˿Ҳ֪Ϊʲôǰ˽ţԵʣĿܶһڻţĪشһս
Ҷ˶񣬴Ҵҵ߳ȥһ֮ҷѾ·ˡ
Ĳ·ڵȵȵʵ̫ˣÿһƵһģһԽԽңѾתӲҲȥ·
Ҳ֪Լת˶೤ʱ䣬ֱ֮ҿһԺӵԺſŵʱҲͣԺ˳򣬷໨ݣһ᲻ײ̫֮үߵԺǿϣһ߽ȥ
Ĺ⾰ԺﶼһЩĻݣҶ̫үԺҲûмģܼҾ̫үݣӦþסĵطˣҼȻԺû˵ڵģΪ̫үŵϰߣڣԺӵǲῪŵġ
ֻԺӶǰģӵҲǹŵģҳﺰһ̫ү𣿡
ҾžĻ֮ҵгһ־֮пֲҵãȴûӦ
ѵ̫үڣҺɵߵǰȻȥšҵڴſʱȴһֵĻңҵֶʱסҲ˵ûס
һǽƿˣʱһҳ𣬰ùζֱ˹Ļҳ˽ȥ
֮ҵĵһоǺڰǰ죬ڵþҹһҿŴŷŴ϶úĺڲֻǿĵһۣͿ˷һںڳĹײģ


һپʮ ı3
ڿںڳĹײʱֻûɵһĪһľڹײľǿ־Դͷĳ嶯
һǿѹзڵĿ־壬Լ棬汾ĺڰñ͹ոѹࡣ
ҵԺֻصһƵݣƺҲһγġڹײ棬˫š
ҵĲԾؿƺѾˡġڹײĮ۹ؿҡ
ʱͻȻһʲô
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һͷһĹײģոڿ־֮ҾȻƵĴٿײɷ棬ʼնûд򿪹СġİӰ
Ҵ˽źϣҾҲ˶٣黹ﶼ͸ʵĲɣЩ׽͸͡
Һվ£Ȼ˵Ƿİɣܼҵ㼸Σֻǲϵþ㡣
ҿı˵һ˿ңȴûмҾȣҲټ˵ȥתƻ⿴ıκ˵ܼҵܣ̫ү
ʣ˭
˵ҽ塣
û˵֣ʶʯͷ𣿡
üͷң˭ʯͷ
ҾȵɫŨˣ֪ʯͷȻҲʯͷֻĴºţ˵ʡ
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ֱѣãֲ񣬶Բ˵Щֻ˵Ｔܼҵ˶ģ㲻ǡ
˵ʱͻȻͣסƺ˵˻漴˵㲻ǡģ
Ҿ˵һ仰رһ䣬վԭû˵Ҳȥ·ˣ
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ʵү٣˵үһֱϻһس¼ǣѾլȥˡ
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ô˵ҲҪԣû˵ʯͷֻʻ壺壬֪ʯıȽϳûУ
ʯͷӹܲһҹ֮͵İɣûһѬգֻ»һһҲһеĻ᲻֪
˵˵ôһǻǶأСӣڴʯͷ䣿
ұûŻ壬ǵͷ˵ǣҴ֣ʯةӡ
͵شľվؿң֣ģ


һپʮ ı4
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˹ƻܲ鵽ʯͷʲôҲ˵һٶʻһЩȴ˵ҲֻһθµؼһΣûٺ͵֪Ѿˡ
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˵ĿҲǽضϡ
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ǣվλÿӸոպñסˣүôһܣŴ΢΢˶ӣҴſԿһţֻʮģֻò׼ΪһȻᣬϵ黹ﶼ͸¶һֱʵĲɣ
֪֮еĶµȻȥһһһüչģ


һپʮ ı5
˿ңûжı飬Ҳû˵ҷ̸ּʱĲɵģԱߵڷ
Ҳ˵˵֣ҿֽ֮ͣϵⶫϡ
廰˼үѾЩʱ򣬿ҿǵƺŸտʼãϵⶫܻܿûб򿪹
ЩҸ岻죬ֻԱ߿ţǹͷؿңҾúܲڣƺҳһһ
һЩ򵥽ⶫḶ́ǹͷƺѾܹˣ֮ǰԵҪȿҿͷӶ뿴һ۷ֻǵͷǹͷСؽڲ̯һ򿪡
ҿĶʱȴʱ۾ϣžţҲѹһ˾ȣΪҿⶫһֻ㣬һرϵƬóһƬƬȥģƬڰ￴Ƭһģһ
һعԵЩΣүЦҴԲСĶүô߶ûôԾȻġ
ǹͷȴûɵĿ⿴ңȴҲû˵ʲôʱⷢͻȻ𣿡
Сʱ˳ţҼһָֻۣ֮ǰ飬ȻǰͷӶԱãм䣬ҿֻֽ㷭˸
⵽֣ȴֵָָֻʳָһǷʲôһ㵵ؿһۣȥʯͷǸ
ѾֻתһȦָָ㸹˵ֻΩһвһƬƬСĶү
˵ű߿ңƬôûмһһƬʱһͬѪһ˳ҵ뷨óүҿ⾿ʲôȴҾȻ￴㣬⣬ϵʧһƬֻȴƬΪʯͷﻹҵһƬ
ҾͲˣȥǼӵĻôһƬƬӦʧģµģ
ΪʲôֻһƬȴƬ
Һʯͷܶ׿ΣǴӺҵƬѵ˵ǸҲ㣿
СĶүһⷢңŻعʱͻȻģеĿⶼۼϣڵҵĴ𰸣һ˵
ⷢϵûʲôرı飬ǹͷȴѾ¶𾪵ɫҵģ
ȴûشңֻζؿһۣȻͷӴ˸ɫ˺ؽȻ˵үǾͰ˵õļ۳ɽΣ
ӳүѾǿһֻ㣬үЦ˵ǾˣҪֽ֧Ʊ
˵æһСĶү⣬СĶүһ𣿡
ұǳ¼ǵĻƣȻһģʱһЩǾûڣү˵СĶүܼҵˣȻ磬Ҳܻһ𣬱ϾǸˡ
˵ǾҪֿˣСĶүܳɽĻүֻ轫ǮСĶүͳɡ
Ҳ֪ҪʲôҲ֪үֻǶټǮɽҺɵؿһʵʲô⣿
˵СĶүϵƬֻۣļǮ
ȻȣȴɫҰһƬ۾ֵļǮҲǳɽļǮǶ٣һֻϵƬʤһƬһģȴؽҪϵƬЩζҲΪɵһԭģңǷ֪ʵƬģ
ʶֻڿʱֵһЩ϶ۣôǷ֪
˵˵ЦˣҲûһƬƬ
ҿͫ͵һȻʵ𣿡
ҵͷ˵ǣ
˱䣬Ųŵɫ˵̫źˣ
Ҳ֪˵źָʲôҾƺһ˫أһص˼˵Ѿվ˵үǮ͸һŵƹɣԻתҵģҾˣĻͳүˡ
үһͷȻ˾˰䣬ҿʱһۣƺں˵ٿǿǣ
ֱǳȥˣһֱҲĬŵĻſڣϾŵ˰ɣ
үͷ˵ǵģ
Ȼ㲻˵ˣүʵСôˣ
ﲻ˵ĵض˵Ȼص¼լϸ˵үҲû׷ʣһ˵Сһ·ĥµñǰԽˡ
һһŲ¥ĻĿү֧ƱȻ⼸ƽⶫСĵذװãͳȥ뿪ֻǶˣҾ̸ֻô򵥣˭̸̸ܼլȥģҿӣѾߺܾˡ
ǻصϣҺͻ˳үĳ˳һңС˵ۣ
ҵͷ˵ǣ˵ⶫڸľҵģҲ֪˭һƬۣû˵ϿҲ£ԵɸӣһʱҲ˵
Ȼҿүͻһۣү˵Сģ֪֪ʲô
Ȼ治֪ҡҡͷ˵үͱˣϽ˵ɡ
ү˵ǴˮʱڵĶٶ׷ݵĳҲֻˣʹѾǧһʴûУҸҪһǣдԵģҪ˵ĹãЩָ룡
ָ룿ҪһָĻ÷ӵһ㣬ҲýƬһճŪ۵ӡ
ү˵ֻ˵˵ǵĹָ룬ףǾõģǿĵģˮḡֻҪдϵƬͻȫ໥֮Ĵƶһһˮζ
⵱ǲ˵ƣᵽдҵһʱ뵽ľǵ֮źԨҲֻгү˵
ֻúܶҵͷ׷Ժתһ˼·뵽ʲôƺʲôҲû뵽
Ȼү˵ȴ֪ȱ˵һƬʲôرȻϳĸ߼ۣ֪ټǮ
Ҳ²ſ϶ֵƣҲҲ²⣬үһǰ˱ȣ˵ʮ򣿡
үȴҡҡͷ˵ǧ򣡡
Ҷʱɴ۾ųүӴһĿΪһ㣬ǷļǮϵƬۣ


һپʮ ı6
˴ϲҴӹţƤֽȻֽˣźȥ
ȷ̫ˣôƬ۾ʲôر֮ҼȻ˼ֵƣôΪʲôҪңҪ֪ǧǿǿһӳԴĿԺٸԴ׬ǮĹ
ҹŹֵĻʵһֱ֪үֻ
үûңֻ˵ⶫôպȻ֪Ҳһͷǳ¼ҵأҲ׷ʣֻա
ǻص¼լҰҵºͳү˵ˣүã˵ҲǲУҪĻҿ㣬һˣʱ䡣
Ҳţ˵ܲҲȥԣУ취
ү˵УҴȥӣڵͷЩȥ뿴ʲôֻܺ˵ͺãҲǳ¼ǵˣǰ档
ĻãֻҪľǾܵĵЩδػеȻȥ˵Щ
˵˵ףҲѪ£ҽѪóүүͻѪһ㶣Ȼҿү˲ɫеңСģѪǴҵģ
˵ľ̫ҵģȻ˵ʱ˵ľ̫Ҳû˵ľ̫٣ΪҾ˵ҸͲľֵʱͻȻɫһ䣬Ȼֻ˵ţ
ĻԼԼ˵ģһҿŻʵҲʶľ̫
˵ʮǰһˣ
ҲǼˣȻ֮е£⻰ӻĿ˵һǾһ£үƺѾ֪£ûбֳľȣǻһ̬ңľʲôӣ
ҸľݻŶʮģ͵겢ûͻȻȻ˵Ӳ
Ȼͷ˴Ҳ֪˵ʲô˼ǿƺѾ˳˼Ҿûȥ
Ȼ˵һЩ޹ؽҪĻŻصܼңһһȥһصܼҵʱѾ磬ҴСԺ֮ȴֲԾСԺŵģϵȴѾˣԣ
ȻˣӵŻʵʵغŵģ˸ߵǰڵϣҿ˿ţȴûбÿĺۼϲûԿףҲ˵򿪵ġ
ҽƿȻʣûһˣϸһӣȷû˲ߵűĹ鱳ĶǷڡ
ƺûбĶڣһߵӱϣǸյ߾ͿϷһţƤֽҽȻ򿪣ȴһŹ
֮ʲôҲûУҿƬҵСԺ沢ûеԣҲûӰ̫үŵĹϵＸŶʮװΣȫûִĹߡ
ŵƬ˺ܾãʲôݣ
ŲЩصǱҵ棬ѵΪ˽ŵƬŽֻʲôǱģܼǴңκܽĵطǱ˾Ӧܼҵ˲ŶԣԺﻮ˵ף˳壿߻Ǳˣ
˼ýŵƬŻֽպãʱƿԺţҽţƤֽŽ棬ȻţСĶү𣿡
˳ʱʲô֪ѾǼٵģӦΨֱ֮Ŷԣȴңȴ֪Ϊ¡
ҽŴ򿪣ֻڵϽϵȻ˵СĶүǿнӵϰ𣿡
аԼ⣬ȴĬϵЦ⣬ҲϾǽһŲ˵Ҵ·ԺſţǾͽƣҼǵðСĶүȥˣǲˡ
ҾЩ޷ͷ˳Ķڼӵظһֱҵľٶ𣬻˵ھʾһֱڼҵһһòҪʲôľٶ֮Ҿǰʲôĵġ
Ȼ룬˵㻹ˣɡ
ҽһЩȴֵֻȻûµĻҾһ
˵֮ҿ۾ɨһܣƺʲôȻ뿪ٳԺŵʱԺźϡ
ҿȥܾⷬٶЩĪΣҲȥЩҽԺŲãȻ»صǽʱȴѾһˣȻ塣
ұͻȻֵһȴûбı飬ôģ
ûлش𣬶Ǽ˵һȥ֮ϸϸ룬ܾòԾʯةӡѵϸ
ʲôʱģ˵Һ˳̸ʱҸӾˣ˵һֱվűϣΪʲôһ㶯û
˵ܼլÿһԺӶһģҪûʲôѵģ˵ҵݵ³Աߣҹ濴һڣ³Ѿƿˡ
Ҿȵؿڣͨ˵ܼլĵϵԵκһСԺ
ֲܼլԺСԺǽŵģֻ˵ģֻ֪ӵ¾ܽȥ
һĵϵͳȻԹᴩܼңҪôӴһ̣
ȻҺ»ص£ҺʯͷȥǸطľ˵һ飬Ҳ֪Щȣ֪Ӧ֪ģֻεʼ磬û˵ġ
һŵƬ£ʱǷ񿴼б˵ûСҾڵͰҵӡȻͬô˵أӣҾЩɵġ
ΪʲôҪҵͨ£ֻ˵ҳ綼Ҫ֪ұ֪£ֻΪʲôҲǵˡ
ҸӾò죬ѵ֪ܼҵһЩʲô£Ȼͷ˵ǣǵЩµʱȴҡͷ˵ⲻ˵
׷һʼղ˵ֻ÷һһ˵˭
һۣƽ˵һ仰ȴʮ־ȣΪȻǸ˵ĻһģһŪ˭ˣҡ
仰ʱ͵һִƺڵ֮˵Ǹˣ֪ǡ
ûʵʯͷ£ƺԵЩʧ˵Ҫ뿪ҾƺЩϲ˵һЩƧҲûƺߵʱеûУ
ͷ˵УҪõԣ
ҵͷ˵ǵģ˵һȥɣ


һپʮ ܼլ1
£ǵһ뵽ʣ͵һƺ뵽ƵǸĹңʱҾ;һҡ
߽ͨŷ֣޽˽һͨԺһԹһţȻѾʮϤһֱ߽ȥҺܺ棬סһʲôĵط
˵ҽͨ˵ʵҲǴܼլҵΪĹ棬̫Ĺˣһ޽ʱ򣬾ǰĹӽġ
ȴܵȻ˵һ䣺ﱾһĹң
˾Ƶһ仰ͽ𾪵Уץסʲôһ˭Ĺң
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪
ҾʱͺһûʲôľګȴìܵĸоҾúܹ졣
֮û˵һ仰´Ĺ֮ǰһסĹ쬵ģȴǵûָоһؽȥȻֻҵһ뷨ѣҲΪЩԹߵó
Ҿ뵽Ĵ岢ǿ̴ģˣһȻȻؾγһӴޱȵļ塣
˵ĻôͼȿԽĴĸٹ̣ҲԽΪʲôÿһ嶼Ժ֣֮ԺͬĹһĵطţѾһסŵҪִ࣬岢һŰˣЩִʩ
ĵһֱǿŵģҿٵСһЩڣȻٶȺܿ죬һǿһ˵ͼ񣬶ҿˣʯͷͼ
Ȼ˿СЩڣôǲҿҲװûпȻ򿪣Ұѹݸװȥ
ȻһҲ㿪ӦҲǿ¼һƵļֻһͷȴ⻹ϴεһŵƬݡ
ֻ˵һ棬ͻȻ˵ǴԼʮǰĳ
ҲôĶôģ˵ܼ򵥣Ϊ̫үʮǰӡ
ҹؿһ壬Ȳ˵̫үǱǣòϴҿʱҲֱ˳ֻǴӱӰϾͿ̫үҪһϤŻһ۾ܴӱӰϳ
ҸҪǣҸһͣʮǰҲûгѾҲֻ֮еӤ֪̫үʮǰӵģ
ҿƺʯͷϤʯͷû˥Ϲǲ˵ҲΪͬԭҲɣǷҲǵеһԱ
ٿƵѾȥϸ֮Ϊϴβݲݿһûпκξºһںûϸ˽ŹҷһģܾܿƵ档
¿̫үǶںڳĹײԱһ֪ͻתͷ򿪣ǾʱҿͻȻͣعͷңŹǴģ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôͻȻ⣬˵Ҳ֪
ɵؿһۣתͷȥƵȴûеָָĻһܲ۵ĵط˵㿴һһֱڿǣƺûһ˲˵Ĵڣ
澪˾ȷǷͬѰ˳ָŵĵطȥǻ谵ĻʲôҲ彫ŲЩȻʲôûп彫ʼʱһֱǸط
ٴλصʼʱҵ۾һֱڿſţͻȻһ˫۾ڻ谵ĻȻһˣѾڰΪһ壬ָҸͿҸֲǣҿˣȻԼ
ҾʱҿͻȻֿЦ
ȫĺëʱȫһֳʵ̫ˣҸоȻǳЦ
ȴƽı飬һ˵㲻ǵ£
ҡҡͷʮǰĳôܻǵãô棬ߣǲԼҶȷϣ
ΪΪҲ͹ı飬֪ںڳĹײ֮Уһġ棬ںڰĵĴڣ̫үǾȻ˿ûв
ѾһЩҵͷƤڷ飬Ҷؿⲻ۵Ľ䣬ȴںڰ֮УȻһֲľ
¿ƵʱҼڶڿһֱڶŻ濴֮⣬ʲôҲûУʼû뿪ͷɺϣǹⱻĽȥġ
̫үͷкĻǰںڳĹײģ忴òʱͻȻڣⲻ̫ү
ҾƵһȷһȷѡΪʼҸûпκεƵڿ
Ȼ̫ү˭
ǾʱͻȻ˵㿴ڰеڶ
Ǹطȥڻվվŵĵطʮֻ谵ܻϸǿġ
˭Ϊʲô棬ҿһֱڰۿЩ˵һһ
վֲ֮ˣʱЩѾǰְ˽ŵƿײĵĹ׸ǡ
ʱٴνƵͣƺˣ˵һ߸ˣȥҲֻ̫үĸƣжڰġġѵںڰлһˡ
Ҿ˵ԣǰ˸
ҸӲؿ壬תͷ˵ײҲһǲǣ
𣬹ײȷҲһġǼҲֻ߸ǵڰ˸
忴һ˵һȻ¼ˣ
ŻȻǵģ׺ӵľڻ֮еȻ˵¼ƺܿںڰеˣ㿴ʼպڰе˶û뿪棬ڱȽϿмλã¼˹ģ
˵Ļô¼˺ܾܿͲһͨˣҺڰеҲʼնžͷ¶˹ЦݣԣһϵеĶڳ¼ģô˵Ļ¼˿Կȴܳȵһ¼񣬿ľж򾲣
ʶһƵһҿĲ֮ͬƵϵʬΪʲôͳͳûˣҼǵһοʱ򣬵һصͬһʬģ


һپʮ ܼլ2
Ҳ֪֮ǰûпƵ֮ҿϸĵؿ¼ϵĻ棬ͼҳκιĵط
ֻ֮Щְ˽ŵؿʼ׸˿ĿתؿţȻȻٴͣƵһƵҲֻʮӣڲſһһ㣬Ѿҳĵطôٴͣǿʲô
ֻ˵Щ˶Ʋ㿴ǵĶ˿ľӺ͹뻮һõĶ֣
һ˵ĻֵģƲӣҾУһ֮Ҳֻһ֧õĶ֣Ļôǲ˵һ֧ȷǲͬѰǹģ
ЩƵһһɨϸرǵòȴЩһҲϵã϶Ҳʶһʼͻָ
ţڳĹײĹ׸Ǳ˿ȻͬϴҿͻȻת˹ײ棬ֻ桰ġ۾ؿžͷڿײ˵ʱͻȻһ͵վȻҿͻȻתͷңҲ֪ǷʲôֻϸؿŹײġġǵȻ۾žͷڿ
ҽƵڰĽ֮УֻڰеġҲŻǰǣ˵Ȼһģһʱȴ˵ô
Ҳ֪˵ʲôصϣȻŹײķģ涼ǡġȻſһشǵĶǷģ˭
ȻЦݾߵ֮󣬻ͻȻһƬɫԭΪĵҲյˣȴûУΪɫĻڿɫĻ澹ȻҲƵһ֣ҽҾ洫
ֻ洫һҽеȻǼٵĽŲԼʲôײ֮͹һƬƽ
ȻɫĻͻȻһֳʱĻ档
صԲûг⣬ôǲǿΪڸľƵ̨ȾͱֽţƵûзѾջˣһŹһٵˣ
Ȼ¼ѾҾҪȴסң˵ȵȣ
ɻؿֻ߽ضĻϣ۾ûƿһµ˵һ¼񣬺͸ոյĲһ
ʲôһ£͵һ⣬ϸϸȥֻĵͻȻ߰ļʬ壬պߣҿǵӾһҼæ֮ǰǸҽȥȴڽǸġѾˡ
ںڳĹײǰɶһˣ˴ź̫үһģһ·˵ûпһ¼ĲͬҵΪ˾ǸոǶ¼Ǹ̫үڵϻæѰţһһģһ·ڵϣʶȥң治ᷢڵϡΪӵʬ·Ȼ̫үһģһ
ҲǾúɻһؿ¼ֱ̫үתźĻ֣͵ذסͣȻ˵Сģ㷢ûУǰһƵ¼̫үĲͬ㣿
ҡҡͷʾûոڿһ¼ʱ򣬲ſ̫үתϾ˵̫үǼٵģӲǲ֪ηֱٵģڿͬһ棬ȴû˵̫үǼٵģĪǣһ¼̫үģ
Ȼ˵ȻסܼңܲǺ˽̫ү֪̫үһƲӣ
Ļ棬ֻ̫үȷڳ˴кתķҲǳߵģһһ¼һ¼̫үõ֣ǳұתģ
ϸ΢һϸں׾ͻᱻӹȥͷ˵һ¼ſ̫үתͷж˲̫ү̫үĻֻ˭
Ȼٴΰ˲ż¼ЩƵһһ棬¼ЩõĶ֣̫үպõ֡
ҾͲˣ¼ûжںڰеġġɢһصʬ֮⣬ȫǽȻ෴ģҺܹǣǶԳƵģ
һ漰˶ԳƣֻöԳ龰ѾԽԽˣ
¼£Ļ漸һһģһ֮󣬻ͻȻ֮Ƶ˹ײ棬ġڻ֮ǰؿžͷǰǣȻ˵Ƿģ˭
áġ仰źܹ죬ǾȴһҲֻ֪Ǿ仰ƺ͸ոǾ䲻̫һ仰ĪĿ־壬ʼվһ仰ƺǳŻǰ˵ģ
ˣȴظ˭˭
Ȼҿ̽¼һεһλ֮ǰҾƺҲ仰֮ĹŹ֣ٴλصһ¼񡰷ġ˵һΣȻ˵Ƿģ˭
˭˭
ֲһú仰᲻һԭ˵Ĳһ仰Ҳ˵μһģһ¼ȷǷģǵķǰϵӵʬ¼ʱӦøһ֮ã
彫¼ٴεڹײ֮еġġ˵仰֮󣬻һֱͣϣҿһɳ˹ЦݣһЦݿȴһشźսϼƤѾһͷƤһڷ飬ֻЦݴĪı䣬뵽ҵ֮С
֮΢΢һЩڳĹײ¶˳ʱҿڹײıԵĵϣȻɺڰȷûпﾹȻ˫ŲŵվڹײԱߣҴһģһЬӣ
ֱⲻ̫үҲĸƵĽţ¼˵ĽţΪʲô˫
ȻҲľҿԵĻǰؿ˿ʼնŻһǵ¼ͻȻֹͣˣûгָոյĲҽУҲûгκε춯ˡ
˼һ󣬶ҼѾһƬ֮УҸԼңŬԼ侲Ȼ¼һͼҳΡ
һع˳Ȼ󽫹ʱȴ˵Сģ̹ܲȷҾЩطһûпףٿ
ﷴҲûеԣҲãҹҾͬʱԳ˽һԺһر֪ոСĴڣǹʯͷʲôϢ
Ҳһҷ˵ͨڻ鷳رǼ˳ʱҹǲǾѾŽֲʱ˹ɨһۡ
ҴӦҲûелֻ˵Ѿˣȥҿ֮Ҹ͹ȥ


һپʮ ܼլ3
˵Ҳϵûȥ·»صµĹ棬⹦ϸؽЩ·ҾܾܿǵĹҵһڣԹһĹֹܾܿǽȥͨ
Ҳɫؽȥ·һֱ͵ڵСԺ֮뿪ֱңң뿴ҽ뿪ȷҲһЩè塣Ȼ͸Ҳ˵ƣ֮ҽ³ȥסڣȻٳһӣȷûŷ
һҹ˯ĺ磬үҪȥӣһıһ˯ȥǺܾûȵ˭ˣһ˯˵ڶ죬ʱѾϴ뿪ܼңһֱ¼լ
һϻɣΪܼʣȻ֪ʯͷʯģôӦþͲġҿȷܼұүȷǽʵģʼЩȣҺһ¹أҲкȹЦңСĶүʲôʱסģôһ㶼֪
ȷһ¿ʮΣʱȥϿȵʱľ̫ܼҴȥϿȵӦ֪ģֻش˵Щˡ
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ڶһ ܼլ5
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֪öҲãʯͷ޼᲻ݵذҲãǶĶƳɵģ˵õͬĲϣǲ˵ǰҲĶ


ڶ ľף2
ֵͷ˵֮Ա֮Ϊ֣Ϊµصı˵ãȴ֪Ĵˣֻһöܴôõʱ䴫еȴոʣ仰˵ΪڰнƵԵʡ
ƺֵ˼˵һ֧ȫΪöôöʲô֮
˵ʩѾ˵öԿס
ʩ˵ĻȻģô˵Ļ˵Ĺڡ롱ҲģôҾǡ롱
ȴҡҡͷ˵㲻ǡ롯
ٴؿȻ˵ȥˣҲѾӵ˰ɣ
Ȼҵһһƿ֮Уһǵͷ˵ǵģ
˵㣡
˵赭дһ¾ǲھ˵ЦʱҾҲûҪҿЦʣӣ
˵Ӧ˵ġıͽӣ롯ȷǷĵгֻһ㲻ͬǣҲ岻֪ģǴģ
ʣȥҲ֪
ֵͷ˵ˣҲܼҵİˣ£ֻҪ֪ģûҲ֪ģ㲻þȡ
ͻȻһ⣬ȻʵҲǵ꼾еʮĸ֮һ
ּûκԥؾ͵ͷȻֻ˵Ȼᣬʵһ㣬Ѿˡ
˵ǣָ֪ӦþҺʯͷľֻ̫ҾԵ̫Ϸ绯һЩȴôҲ벻һʼһȦףһһ۵Ȧס
֪µص;УΪʲô˺ʯͷȡֵλã˳ǵߣʵʯͷȡǴһʼҡ
Ϊҿһ㲻ʯͷƵʱڶҲһҪĽɫҴӼ֧ҿԿǲûҵνĴ𰸣ԺЩ˻ǻŵĻѾȥ˶صȫһ췽ҹ̷һǶһֺصķʽˣЩ˳Ѿʬʬ֮⣬֧뷨Ѿݱ̬
һڼ뷨Ҫȥ̽ʲôڶΪ涫ĪηӶǱ˵ڵȴʵٴȥѰҴ𰸣ѾȫȥմȾ·ֺֻƽضȹ
Ӧǵһˣƶ̽Ѱ࣬Ѿ쵽˽ľأҺԣҵһµؾӦµĿۡ
Ҫ˵һµصĻҵһµ¿Ӧǳ¼ǣΪʱֲڳҾЩЩ˵ͨΪҲóүǻ¿ˣֽǰүϾŽ׵һͻȻãֺͳүϵүȷƲҲ˵һ
ôһµغԾҪˮҾһ֧аʲôɫȴö֪ΪҾԴҲͽ֮ƺĴ½½Ҳǣ˽ǣԽԽ㣬ϼǵ֮е˶Ѿ˽ѾµĹӺ塣
ʱһֱע⵽ֵɫҷӾɫһΣ˷ȻѾʮΣҾıЩ죬ƺǵʲôһʵϣҹ
һۣҿ۾Īı飬Ȼ˵Ҵȥһطɡ
˵վߣҲǷʱҪȥ뵽Ҳ֪ˣȻҪҴȥľףôͲ֮ǰҲ
ҺȥѾ׺ڳһƬԺ漸һ˵أҹ֮ûеƹģҲˣҹʱԵ쳣ɭžһҲûУʱҲע⵽ߵʱֻҷȽĽŲֻϸ΢ġɳɳ
Ҳ֪ǲҵĴҾƺͻȻ࣬ҼǵԭҺһߴ󣬿ȴ߳ʮ๫֣Աߣ·ƺأ·ƺ߲һЩҡڣһֱ̲סʣ㾿ôˣ
ͷһۣȻһЦ˵ŵ˰ɡ
ҵȷЩľӵȷ̫ŹˣǾŹֿϾҶԺڰþӦãֵӣֻܿڰһҲ֪·ʱΪʲôơ
Ҳû׷˺һҲŷ֮·ƻ˹죬ȫΪڵŽ·Եʡ
ֲ·ʱ򼸺κεԭڵŽǰߣ⸱ģҲ䴫˵ĹţһЩ˱֮ǱŽߣԼȴȻҿƺǹģǹţԼǶˡ
һСԺ棬ȥ֮Ҳ֪Ժ·󴳽СԺź¼һģһĺľףȴΪĳȴûܽ뵽濴ȴ֪Ҫʲô
ҺСشԺ߽ȥȻӵƿһƬڣԵʣҸеһںڰһǿ˺ڳһŵĶӵ룬֪ǿںľס
ҽȻСؽźϣʱҺ뵽һƬڰ֮УǶںڰĻѾʮϤֻӰӰ´µľ׵ķ߹ȥҸ棬Ժŵ¼￴ŵĶӣȻЩëһǿסŽȥ
˺ľǰȻҸоڸںڳľףΪʲôҪһڹײģ
ȴһƣʼնû˵ҸоѾóһƺͼȥںľס
һڹײ˲ǡġɣȻȻ޷ȷġң˵Ǳ޹ϵˡ
һֱԼæţȴûҪҰæվһԣҲȴ˵𶯣лأ
ҵ棬Ȼֻ˻ҿϸĵ海ŪţһڰĻǷܿ˵ЩȫǴڶϤ
ûֻǲͷԱߣĺڰЩţҲ֪ôģҾǽƵĻϵһȻ͵뵽ںڰĽ֮еǸˣҲͷӵĽ


ڶ ľף3
һƬڣ˵ǿǸģҲ֪ǲҵãҵȷеˣͺ¼龰һģһ
һĪĿ־͵شҵͷҼҲؾվվٶʵ̫ˣҿһԵҲͣϵĻͷң˵û£Ĵ㿴
Ҿɻģȴû˵ʲôһںڳĹľӵ߽ȥҵ۾ʼһضΪܾһˣҾһֱڶҡ
ԽԽҵҲԽԽ죬ɾʱͻȻﴫһ΢ԱԵ߶һͣԭأؿòҲ¶˰ɣȻұԥ˹ȥ
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̿ߣǽҸеһ΢ķιҵ棬ͬʱֻٴγһʱҲ֪ǽŲȷһˣ
ҲֻûͻȻͣסȻͻȻСģ
ʣȻҲûлشϸţҸоֺһ֮Ҳϸֻһ֮ûһ
һļžֱҾԼҪϢˣ¿ʼϢĻ쳣Ĺ졣
»صԶ£ȴû˵ո˵·£ҲûжʣϸĵŪڹľȻ֨ѽһ˵ˣ
Ҳ֪ҪڹײľҪʲôҸоѾ棬Ͼʹһôǿյģ
ͬʱǰԺͻȻһŲ󣬿˼žĻ֮ȴ쳣ҺȻͳӱϹҲѾӹײԱҲſڶ
ŲԽԽСƺǳԺȥģſڽŴ򿪣̽ͷȴһĨҹɫΪһĺӰʧҹɫ֮С
ȻԺֻعһƬһİ򼸺Ҳûؾ׷˳ȥ
վȴûиȥֱֵӰҲʧԺʱҲžһ紵Īش˸ս
ҿڶҾǿڹײƺ⣬ǾȥײǿյҲҪȥ
ҽĺڰǻĿ־壬һֱҵš
ľԶȻȥľһڿչףʲôҲûУκεﶼֻоԼǹײĵڱڣȷǱŵģӸոæôһҾͿԿҼȻǷŵģôӦжŶԣȴȷʲôûУ
ͷʱȴһƾֱһֽʱ򣬻˴졣
ҽ谵ҸҲʲôҲǽֽµֲ֣֮ûлҲɵԺ֮⡣
ǸԺ֮⣬͵ظеһٶͳӭͬʱֻ谵ӰӰ´µһЩӰһҵĽŲ
ұһϽԺǰԼԺűֻһЩģӰؾʹԺǰ˹ȥҼΡ
ܼլôҲ龰ΧĴεúǾңǵǰףһǵϿ棬ʯͷǾ˺һϵбʣʶȤԺűһֱûгֱķѾûˣҲ̽˳ʱһƬžȥôҲǱ㲻ٵƾż߳ȥ
ҲûмǴҺ׾˳ȥһصԼСԺԺźϣȻｫƴ򿪣Ȳóľõһֽ
ɫֽµģ񱻷˺ܾõӣҽ򿪣ֻдһ֡ˣ
ͻȻû뿪סֻһСʱʱ䣬㷢Ҳôģٿһֽϵ壬ȣдĲŤŤģȻдģΪľڸǱʼ
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׷ȥʱҺȷǸ˵ȷѾԺȥˣδȥԺģһ˿ûע⣬Ҳö֪ô̵ʱǲ»صģԣҲΪľֽŽȥģҲ˵ﻹһˣ
ܾܿڽǸˣѵ¼һһˣһǺһģһˣôܣ
Ҹ˲ٻȥ￴ΪڱȥҵѾ⣬һĹʱѾǱ棬ѵֽ˵йزɣţԽԽԾԽԽľǸȲҪȥ
Ҵ³½뵽Ĺ巿µڵʱȴѾסˣŵĺܿǰƣǺأҼӴڽƵֻ顱һⶫڵϷܴ죬ҹ˲Щ뵽ķķȴһƬ谵
ҽƴ򿪣ǧ£ΪܶҪϢûк˵֪֪Ķûȥľ׵ԭԼյǸ˾˭
ڵƱ򿪵һ˲䣬ҿϣŴţ۾˲ĵزӰһֵƣ٤һȥ
һһķ䣬еĶúõĵطţΩһ쳣ľĵԣȻʾȱذȴѾˣ̨ԵǹؼڷһȦڽ࿴˱ҳƬĵڵԵԱ߻ҹƵԵԼҵģ֪ѾϤܣǺԥɾݣȥԭϢԽһˡ
룬Ǻαأֻܹ죬ҾԼɱģҿһߣǳ׶ˡ
Щʧػصߣ߽ߵʱŵһŨҵĸʬζҸԶûųǿý˲ŷ֣ɸʬζǴɢģȻܵŨңҲ￴˿


ڶ ľף4
Ҹով;֣ȫ¶ûκ˿ڣȴĪˣҿӣǱģǹ죬ھãŹֵĵطͳ档
ҿȥʱͬʱɤĪض˶ĭӣȻѾˣǲܳĶģҾƿʱҿһ׻Ķ˳
ǽߣ
ҲóָողŸҵǽߴ֮ɿؾķ϶֮УҪȥңȴӶڶҲſĶѾ͵ϴȻһߴ˳
ﰵԾӣǱ֮ӣֱѾ˽ߵĳѨ
ʱֻЩ߾Ƿӵһش̽˿Щƺûע⵽ҵĴڣȫºͰķ϶ƴ꣬һ
Ҳʱֻһ󼱴ٵĽŲƺѾ˴˽⼱ٵĽŲת۾Ѿűߡ
Ҳûдųȥ߽ҶͨµĹҲ֪סܽҲȷ˭˻Ļˣ
ǻ˼ҪҪѾˣվȴ֣վ£Ϳ˹Źֵȥ壬ҿ˴ﲻĽߣ
ҿı˲ϽźϣȻٵɨһӣȻңСģô
ҾúЩ˵壬ΪʱȻ̣Ƿȴܶ࣬ûлش֣ôҲ
۾һֱ壬Żش˵һֱ׷Ǹ˳ʧԺҿеţͽˣ
ֵĻʶһȦףƵĵˮ©Һֵ˼Ħ÷ǳ͸һʱյøոպá
ִӿڴóһ˫ףߣҾֵЩߺĹĺǲһȻЩ߶СȴһȫĹ׺ݺѲ
ߵߣȴӺ֮Ŀ϶һƬ˿ȻƬݸңҺɵؽӹȴ˾Ȼʯͷ
źڰպıûв´Ӧþ
ô£
ԼΪľ׵һж֮Уʯͷľ̫ʬϵʯˣôʯͷȥԱߵģ
Һľ̫Ҳ֤ʵȷ⣬һ˲ûоԮǣʯͷҲѣôΪʲô֮ǰƬ
Һɵؿһ֣ȴѾ߽ĲӸ޷ƺѰʲôȴһ񣬶֮ŵһɺܾҵĸʬζɢȴȻ
Ũҵζѵ־Ȼһ㶼ûŵ
ҿ֣ƺоĿ⣬ͷһۣ̽ʵûŵһɺرζ
ȴɻؿҷʵʲôζ
ȷûŵһһٵ˵Ǹʬζ
ͻȻһ㶣Ȼֿ˿ʬ壬ҾЩԾôԶŵ־ߣȴ˿ӦҲûУôֻһ֣ǾζǴϷģ
뵽װҲȥ鿴ʬ壬صزֵӹȥȻŨҵζǴɢģЩ֮ŹĽʬϵζЩʬۻʬĸζ
֣ոȥʲôطûУ
ֲӵؿһۣȻƺǻȻ˵иʬζ
ҵͷȻѸٵţԼȫŲҿʧɫҲ֪Ѿ뵽ʲôΪʲôû˵ͼٵسСԺ
ҸŴѾʧԺ֮⣬ʱʬ巢һ󡰹๾ࡱŰӵ߾ͱϣһŵĺɫͷһĶʹ˳
ʬۻ
ֲøոЩӴ֮ܵ죬ԭﱻʬۻǸոҼʱúõģΪʲôͻȻ֮ͱ
ѵʱʬۻ壬ѸȻűڵӣ
ҾֵؿŴ³ͬͷһʬۻ֦ҶЩ֦Ҷţ𽥽嶼Ȼӵ˵ڵϡ
ΪӵԵʶת˹ʱҿǵһֻʲôʹѾˣϡ
ߵߣϽⶫȴһʼǡ
Ϊʲôʱһʼǣط˷д˲٣ƶƽʱռǣҽʼպãϵʬۻڲû֭ҺĶҲκβ֪룬ȴͻȻ뵽ʱ˳ʬʱĳʬۻ»ģ
Ҵķ˴Ȼֽȼȥʬۻ֦Ҷ;ҵȼͬʬһȼ
ҽߵӰῪԶĿȼԲڽӶ
ʬۻȼգһһҵȼչ󣬽ֻʣһź̿ʬ屻յòҲ̶ãȫϨˣôʬҲһʬ壬ͱһ̿ҡ
ǹǻң̿ңʬ屻һ̿ҡ޷飬ö沦˲ȷûκιǻң
ʱĵͻȻϨͬʱߴһ죬Ҹеӵſˣ֨֨ѽѽţҲûп˳ȥҲûŲɾһǸԼһˣոˣ
Ѹٵظ˳ȥԺһƬžûа˵Ӱӣȴڿŵһɺرζһģһĸʬζ
ո˵׷ŵǸ˽Ժ֮ʧȥӰȴûоŵζ֪Ǳ棬ֻҲ֪νģﲢֻһ͵Ĺͨڣ˾ǴĹӵġ
ô˵ĻҴȥʱĹҲӦþˡ
վԺУһζҶ㴵ɢ޴ӷֱķԺ⡣
ǳϵǣԺ⣬ȴһվһأһΪԼۣ߽ˣȷһˣͶվҿӰЩϤǻҿڣѾȿں˵
˵Сģּˣ


ڶ Ѫ1
ͻȻܼլһ浽ĵطΪ濴Ѿȥˣͱһҿ֪ǼٵģƺҲûϣһΪġ
ѾľףֻߣǸǼðģģټٵ˭˵ģҾȥģֻǱȽ׽ѣԸţҸٹ̡
վԺЦؿңŵһɵĸʬζƮȴŨң׷ȥǸ˲
ҿʵô
˵һֱֻ㲻֪ѣ壬ϾʶһҲ
˵ķʽ񣬿ȴҪĮ࣬ҾĮЩʯͷֺʯͷһʯͷĮڶһ䣬ȥͻȥʲһ䣬ȴиҸСĮ֮ȴĲмһ˾һֺǿҵĸҸУһߵĳ嶯
һ۾ϳǵ¼ǵͭǸˡ
Ϊʲô
ȴֿ̧˿ƺڿʱ䣬ڰϳǿżֲ²⣬òҿֺҲΪıҹӵġ
ȷڿҿ֮˵ʱ䣺ʮ֣ʱ仹硣
Ҳ֪˵ʲôʲôʱ仹磿
˵һΪǼðİɣ
Ǽðģֺðһ˵
ҲƺѾ֪˴𰸣ٴο˵ֲˣҵסȥΣ
ķһƺƿ֮Уܼҵˣôô˻ܼԺȥ磿
ûоܾΪĻƺʲôң˵̫㡣
ҽ쵽סСԺŽ뵽ԺͿ˵̫үԺӰɣ
仰ܼҵˣΪܼҵ˶Ằ̫үΪ̫үֻ˲Żǰһϣʵ۶ҵˣ
ͷȴûΪҲ³ʵԵþȣ˵ҵĵճӣ˳һС̫үˣҲûƺ
شĺܸɴ࣬Ҽ̹ȻЩ֪룬ɹЦ⣬װµӣȻڿ£˵ʱҪϳɲ١
Ҳ֪ʱһңЦʣΪЦõαװǶԵ˻ǶѣЦԶҵ÷
һӣȻ˵סҲʡ
˵̫үóģҵЩˡ
ȴҲҡҡͷ˵ֻ̫үסģֻ±˸ռ˲Լס
ҲΪʲô
˵סӦĵ磬ҲҪƲܲ谵ģǲǣ
˵ʵСԺλԺϣҼԺ෿ݶǽɹ϶ܲҼȻסĵطôȻͲҪ⣬СԺԱߣⲻӰ죬ҵûʲô档
˵Ӧüǿںľˣǿյǲǣ
Ȼʲô֪ѵոǸ˾ɣ
Ҳûֽ£ǵͷ˵ʲôûС
˵ͶˣУǾһˡ
һƺ֪ԭΪʲô
ȴҵ㲻֪ԭ𣿡
Ҿ˵ʵ̫ޣҸͷֻҡҡͷ
ȴЦԼ֪˵Ҳǰ˵
廹涼һֹŪĸоҳסûҲ֮ǰë꣬Ҳ֮˵ֻҪԼ뵽Ҳ˵һ
ʱ۾ң˵Сģòһˡ
ֻЦЦǻģ仯ԶԶҪʯͷˣȻȥǸطֻǲ֪ʯͷţܲôʱҳɱ䣻ʹѾ⣬ܲڸôʱ֮󻹿ҵʬ
˷ţȻӦòֻ˵Щİɣ
˵ȷǣ㣬ҡ
ҾúЦʲô
ȴһ˵ľ׼ǸǼٵġ
Ҳ˵ʵƾʲô㣿
˵ƾϵһ
ʣʲô
˵Ҳڲˣ֪õģͻԽ͵š
Ѿµ˵ʲôȴС̽ʣѪ񣿡
ͷȻ˵ܼҹǺεµһðȴֻΪһ壬㲻Σ
Ҳͦεġ
˵µصƴɺ֮ûһѪ񣬿Ϊʲô˻ðſ¼ҵΣȥ͵ûõĶҲ֪¼ĳӣû˭ǵ˵ûõĶôշתϣ
ķ֮ǰҵȷû̫࣬Ȼľ̫ҵʱҲú֣ǺȴûлʣҲ͸ֱٴγ֣Щ¡
˵ѪѵҲйϵɣ
ҿ˵ͷ˵ֻ˵ص漱ˣѪ񾿾ʲôΣֱӸҰգȦˡ
˵Ҫ㡣
ʣǾʲô
ʵһ·ϣһԼ
˵ģһֱҡ
⻰ճڣ뵽֮ǸּٰģЩȷ᲻һֱּٰģ
ʻûгΣͷʵһˣһƤһ֣
ӹɵģȻҲÿ˵һ˶ǿʮȷģҺܿ϶صͷ˵ôˡ
ʣʲôˣ
ȴתƿ˻⣺ô಻ҲľȥǸǼٵģ
޴ӷֱ棬ҡҡͷֵ˵ͷҲ϶ģ˵ô˵£ͿжǼ٣ͬʱҲжϳ˵α
˵˵
˵ҵĲ²ûд¹ûһѪ񣬲һһֺװãҺܿǿӰʱװáװãԸƳһһģһˣǸƳˣȴͬ;ĹϵҲ˵෴ģ籾һǺţôǺžͻڸƳ˵ϡ
ƺʲôҴĻ֪ۼ˵һ˾ǱѪƳģ


ڶ Ѫ2
ȻôʣȴѾ϶뷨ΪͻȻ뵽ʧ֮һģһĴͷ˺ŵʯʱһʯϵĻΪʲôͨмһԲ룬ǸԲ۵ĴСʽǺѪһģһ𣿣
ο˵˳þ
ܿ϶ػش˵ǣҲѪҲģպóɶԳƵӣ
һϿԿ϶һģһ֮УһһǼٵģһģ˵ж˵٣жϵģұƳʲôֵ̬ģ¡ˣ
ż˵˿ƺ޹ȴ˵ûϵֱӵķ
ʣ
˵ǵģ˵ıˣôҲˣôǲġ
ЩƣˣðľǼðģ˼ðҲˣǼðˣĻģǾ仰»
˵ʱԥ£Ȼ˵ǾûӰ죬ڻö֪һǳҪҲǱһʱ֮󣬸ŻʱǶãȴûжɣһСʱǰ죬ȴܳһ죬һ֮ڣһȥ
Ҿúܲ˼飬ôĸ徿αƳģҼǵʯʬһͼͼڼٵ˳Ҳ֮˵ǸǼ˳ΪƶϣȻѾˣ˳û£ôһȥ˳Ӧɣ
˵ĻôҾͿոΪʲô˵֤ȷԭΪȻһѾˣȱǲ˵ȥǸ壬ǰ˲𣿣
ô˵ĻǸΪҶȷǼٵģҲͿһ·ϵַٶԼʯͷĲ͵ȵȣֻǼȻǼٵģΪʲôͷȴҪҶ
˵ľϸڣҲΪûȥľףҲҵһĿģϣܴȥľף֪ࡣ
Ҿû˵ֻ࣬һдǣΪҼǵ鷢֮ǰͭ̽ңöͭڲϣҲӦȥˣֻĿģҲΪ
Ѿ׵غͿˣʲô˵Ļ棬һĶôʲô
ʱ˵ȻѾȷҵݣôӦòỳ˰ɣ
ҵͷȻ뵽ȥľ׵ľҼҵĵطҲʱΪʱǳүҼţ˵Ѿȥľʧ٣ǵ˺ȴǱαģүûȥľףҲȻ£ҵ󣬻Ǻǣ
Ҿʵľ׵оʼվûŪ
ʣҪȥ
̼ǵĿɲҲȷеڣǸ޷ȥȥˣҲϴһ
ҿֿ̧˿Ȼ˵ʮһʮ֣ʱҲˡ
Ϊ˵뿪ʱˣϾѾôˣȴ˵жʮӣøŽȥ
ʣȥ
˵ܼլĵ£
Ȼ˵ҪȥľףͱҵľĵͼҪľڣⶫܼլ¡
ܼլĵ²һĹѵһĹľף˵Ҳйϵ
ǻ˭ĹȻܼլ֮£һΪˣ
ѡʱʱʮһʮ֣߹ȥպãȴ֪ʱʱ»ᷢʲôһ
˵ߵԵİȻóһĿɿڴؿʲôʱȻҵѾЩرĶ
ȴ赭д˵㲻ڵʱҷŽģٻ򿪰񿴿Ҳⶫﰲȫ
һѾڰǱҵֻ£ֺ֪֪֪Ҳ֪ĻôЩˣֲ۶үͽܣ۶ү̳ͽȻҲȥôľ׼ȻҲݣǲʵأһ·αװԼһ·ϻججȻ˿ûв
Щðһ亹ҵʱʹⱩ֮ǶԳֵЩΣȴȻ֪ʱľ治һɹɵĺ£ΪЩ˵ļƳҲΪıĲ֮
Ķóֵ磬ƣףΪԷ⣬ǹСĳǹӵȵȵĶ
ȻЩֱװݸһʱҲ֪ѾƻýˮƸողܲ˵ңñķҺȥ
ȻϤһ֪Թ𣿡
ͷ˵֪ȻǹҲǹȴ˵㽫£ʯͷذȥһЩ
Ȼʯͷذ׶֪Ҳ࿴һۣʲô֪ģһؿһ˵ҷĹӣסκζġ
Ұľ˵⻰ƺѾҵӺܶˣĶѾһֱڹЩôǲҲѾҴӵûЩϣ֪ǼеˣΪû֡
תһ룬Ϥ᲻Ѿ֪û˵Ҳ˵һ̽ʣôʶ֪ǵеˣһݣһֱܼլӲȥ
ңȥֿҵĵ
뻹ûУΪȻֵļУȴѾˣҰЩ˵ˣ˵֪ݣͻΪʲô
ҹ֪˵ҿֿ˿˵ǻʮӣ


ڶ Թ1
˵Ѿؽ˼ϣȴߣֱӳݽȥ³Ὺ죬ҹ̫үҵСԺһѾָƣһҪ
ⶼҺ֪飬Ҳûж˵ȴȥҲȥһƬڰȻǶͷơ
ǾһͷƴͷǰֵǾȼõģֵرǿùֵ׼˵۾ȥ˲֮õıäΪ̫ǿҵԵʣõʱر̣һµصʱõĻǿƣֵ缸ǵʮֽͱҪʱá
ܼլµԹʶҵסȥסһΣҾһΣǻҺܴҪԹЩʵʣĵطǲԴȥģȻ֪ߣڱ߿ֱʱѾúܽһ
ֻоƺĳ뻮һĽŲһԹҿһۣѵˣ
Ҿ⾿ʲôΪոԺʱҲȻʱһЩȴ޷ȫڸĽŲ
Ҳ˵Ҳ
ƺѾ˾ռߣûκԥߣֻоǾڴһزϴһһŵĹЩĹһһʱܹͬʱʮڣԼһ˴Ǹ֪ȥ߳ģ˵Ҿͻʧ档
ԽǸӣҶԽǺ棬ӵԹȴĹɵġ
Ҫ޽һĹɵԹҪѶٵЩĹЩͷˣ޽ľʯѾĻҺɫ˵ЩĹôʯģһۿȥѾûаʯӣǻҳŻһЩʱ丯ʴĺۼ
϶ŮʱĹǺֵĶһ϶Ҳ޷ģңҾŮʱģҾ;ϢͽԶʱϢҲԳЦЦҲôϣҲǺҲ˵һ
ûдϰߣʲôʱˣűһӣȻͷ˵Ҳ֪ҹƻӣ
ʲô߼˱ȴ˵֪һ˹ƶ֣ǵֱֲҿʱҲ˵ĻԵɣΪϴŵıѾͣˡ
ֹͣ߶ƺһִ˵ö˶˵ôͣˣ
ҵƺѾ뵽ԭֻҸţܼլȻкʧ֮һģһĿʱĶ
ȴ˵ôҲԶˣ
˵ֻǰ˲ԶҿǰȻʣԹѾߵͷһԹͷһ޴ĺǲǺģҲֻ֪ǿӺҼһģһͨɫڼĸϹӿͼֽϿǸӡ
̧ͷ˿ͷͷƵĵƹ⾪ĶҿһֻʬͻȻڿշڿдתʬڳ֣ҴϿԿ϶Ϊʲô֮ǰһܼլ￴ɳʬڣת˲֮Ͳԭˡ
طʬڳǹȻԭģΪĵ±һĹֻǹǣʬһֺټаһֻڼȹϣصĹĹ棬˵ܼҵҲȷϡ
ʬڣƺǱһȻ˵СģͷܾᾪﲻõĶ
ǸͷƹƵ˺ϣʱҲֱʧȫΪԵʣ
ͷ˵ǳ֮Ϊӡ
ӣʯӣƺô£ƣֻٺͶһֵԵʣ᲻һֶǺɫʯƺ˿Ҳմߣûнֻͣ˵ʱǿԽȥڹѾܿҪˡ
ûֱʱԲ֪ʱ䣬ǵʱֻʲôرסţֻͷͻȻһķҷӦ˵һʱ䵽ˣСǸʬڽȥһԹֻֻʬ֪ȥ·
ԭҪȵʱȴΪʲôԹҲ֪
ԹָƣΪʲôȴ֪Թ·ҾЩ֣˵һĹԹͬһϵֻҪܳһľôľͻ᲻ƣԹȴһҲ֪ӣǺν⣿
Ȼ˵һĸԹÿһԹĴһȽģҪȥ棬ȴĸԹֻĸԹȥˣ߽νĹĹĴһֱ˵һ޴ܣȻֻڶ֮һΪĴܣʵ̫ˣൽĵز
ĸ˹ϵļ壬ȻģҾãǵĴԼҪĹؼڣֻȴһͷҲûУΪҲĴˣҶĴҲ˽⣬ҪﻮʲôҲһ֪
ʲôƻʲôı׶벻ڣѾʼԼĽͣҲʼʩſڿӣʼվãʩΪһ˾ԶĹˣû˵ʵΪԣǴĴһ˼Ǿʲô˼ڻ벻
ҺѾӺıԵ˹ȥҿһϤĻƣźĵЩƣȻǣͼյַȵȼƣ㲻һͼҲӦǳͬһϵ
̲ס࿴һۣȻңܿһ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵Ļĳһı־ԽˣôĸԹûв´ĻӦĸҷĴ֮һı־
ȴסˣֻ˵֪ô׾ٵؽ뵽ֺαɵţ֪Թ֯һһ壬ӶɸΪһԹҲ˵˵߳һԹͻ£ʱԹĿʼֱ֮ΪԹƽķĸϡ
ʣѾ֪ƽķˣ
ҡҡͷ˵֪
˵㲻֪ΪʲôҪ
Ƿ˾ɵˣҲȴ˵ΪʱԽԽٽҲǲΪ֮룬ǻϣģΪǿ֪ƽԹİ취
ʣܣʲô취
˵㣡


ڶ Թ2
ұ㲻ˣеĶעѹϣδҲ̫ðһЩȻҺ֪ܿȥ·ҸһҲ벻
˵ʱһֱԹɽȥʬڣҿЩһһԹƺû̫֪УԿľ
ʬ˺óһ֮ҾƺһֱȦһҲ֪ǲҵĴֻЩɵһҲû˵ʲô
˺óʱ֮ƺҲʲô⣬˵ôʱĻӦüڶˡ
Ļ䣬ֻʲôͻȻӿ׹ҽͷƴȥһǽʬھȻͻȻӿֱֱ׹ֻ顱һڵϣʹţڼžԹȶѾˣʬʱף
ҲֻʬúõģôԵ޹ͻȻڵϾѵʬڽĻбˣ
ʬһ֮ĹͻȻָֻ˳ʱƽҺһۣѾ˲ɫȻܵͳ˵СģǺܿϵˣ
ҴѾʶʲôϵʲô˼
˵Ҫֻʬڱֽţӱֽţ
Ȼ֪Ǻܱܿʬһ棬ǾԭһһҲʣ˵ҾЩҲ̫ס
ϸؽ͸˵ĿǰֿԣֿԵĸʶȽϴ󣬵ǶųͬһڰΪ˾˭Լȴûиңֻ˵Ҳ֪
һֿԣʬڱֽšܼ򵥣ʬԹ֮бϷʬܱϷȫҲ˵ĳ̶ֳϣһܹķӶȷȴ·
ֻߣܹʮŵȷ·ϵζͺܺýˣΪԹڽʱ϶ֻһͨȥ·ôһ·϶ᱻζȴŲ
ʬаͿԣоǣȷ·ͬߣΪԹֹߵģ֪Թƽǻɵľ߳ȥģʬھͿֱЩͬ·ζҵ·
Ȼ˵ĵһֿԣҾȷ·һֺζɿһЩңҲܽΪʲôʬڻǴ֮е·ܿܣζʲô˸ˣԹжζʬ޷򣬴Ӷʧ
˵ĻʬԹɳȫǿǰֱ淽ĻôӦĸԹܷɳȥʵ֤ȫֻһԹ֮ɳ롣
Щ͸ģҾ۲ĺϸ˵Ҳеȴʼվ˵ƺԣΪ뵽ܼլϼʬڣͬ˵ʬֻԹɷ裬ܷɳԹôܼլԺʬô£ѵԺ֮л˻ʬڲɣ
Ȼֻҵһʣû˵˵ֻĻôʬҲͳܺߣǼȻĻˣֻʬΪʲô;
ҾõһʬڱֽŵĿԲ󣬶ڶӳȴԵøӿţΪ˵൱󷨵ۣԹάϵĹؼҵӾҵڣûӣͲгڣȻҲԹǾ͸̸ڡ
ЩŻЩ¶ȴѡӳ⣬ΪʵңǾһϵ¼֮УԽǷϳԽϳԽǲ˼£ȴʵࡣ
˵ʬϳ⣬Ҿʵ̫ϳˣѾϵ˲ٷϵĵزֱ𰸲š
˵ӵ⣬ԹѾˣôֻһͣǾάϵԹѾ⵽ƻĸԹױһ壬ؼǣĻĸСԹʧȥ˴ڵ壬ѾȫһµԹҲͲû·⣬Ҫȥֻ
Ϊ˵ĸԹĳڣԹڣ൱ĸСԹһȦֻҵ˴ԹڣڽǲԹ֮У֮Ĺڡ
ƳԹȫΪ˳ֹ˵Ľ룬Ĵ塣
˵Ĵûһ֪Թڣûܹƾһ֮ȥԹĴÿɳһĸ˺Ȼ޷ҵڡ
ô֪ܣһۣȻ˵ΪԹ
ҶʱȤʵʲôʱ£
һۣȻ˵һŰ˶꣬Ķľ׻ĵڶ꣡
Ҵ¹һ˳еʱ䣬ƺ޹ɿԣǴ»ǿһɣȥľףȻϿȣϿȵʱܲȷһʱҲ޷ȽϳһȺ󣬵һǿԿ϶ģط޷ϵ
˵ʵһŰ˶һжȫǸΪͼ鲢ûаϵȷе˵ֻĴ֮еˡ
Ȼң֪֪һľʲô
ľ̫ѵõĲɣȴҡҡͷȻ˵ȷǣ
ʣʲô
ſ˵ݣľĸ׵ϡ
̿ңѾ֪ʲô۾гһߣϸľ̫һһ֮ǰһһγһŮҾȻԵ룬Ȼ̿ҵˣôȻˡ
˵ʯͷҲãľҲգʵ϶һûи࣬£ΪΪʲô᲻ϵԭ򡣡
Ȼ˵Ҳоʯͷ¹ҵģΪʯͷ˵ǲϵԭ򣬾ΪǽܼլԹȥĹ
ͻȻ˵ƺʲôطԾ˵ĴҲ޷ƽԹǺ˵ʯͷȥĹ֮߳Թⲻǰì
˵ֻ˵ǺҲ޷ƽԹȴû˵ûн뵽ܼլĹ֮УΪǵȷԼȥģ˰ǡ
ʣ˭
ٴα㣡
Ҿһȴ֮еĴ𰸣ҲܽΪʲôԭ֪ԹĴ𰸣ȴȷһҲ벻
ȻͻȻһʣȻǵ꼾еˣ֪ЩģѵҲǵ֮һ


ڶһʮ Թ3
Ȼ˵Ĵĸˣ˵Ĵĸͽʯͷһľݣзܼլܣĸ˽ý뵽ȴǸ޷Թ߳ȥòǵļƻʧˡ¶ҵľľݣ̿Ϊ²ò뿪ңľȻûǰ³Ǵ֮󣬼Ҳ˸ҸǶ˵һ仰ȿֱ֮
һǵһ˵ЩܽΪʲô˳һֱ˵ʯͷֱһһˣ֪ҲΪ£ҾºܿһɣĴ˲ķӦ
ǴĻ棬ȴɵ㣬һʯͷܼҵˣôһңĻ棬ƺľܼңоֻ˵ˣĸȴһδᣬҲʼնû˵¼Ҳĵ˭
ҽˣ˵Сģ˼ԽԽȫˡ
ֻЦЦ۾һֱϣܹһͣΪҾƺǹܿⲻ˵ûве쳣ͻŪȥ
˵ʯͷʯǲʵȷǴܼҲǵģҲ֪ܼҵԹָƣܼҵĹϵ̫үҲֻˡ
ңҳ£ȻĬô⻰ô˵һġζΪʼվҺ֪ġġһˣҾáġѾԽԽΣԽԽһⲻš
ͷ쳣࣬Ȼ˵¼ҵǸˣҲǼģܿû̫⡣
ʣ˭
ʵͬʱѾԺ˼˾˭˺ľ̫һһͬ㣬᲻ϣ
ȴһһ˵壡
ҾʵһγҵϣȻɫɣȴβסľȣ˵ܾǰɣ
ҵͷȻģ˵ҲŻǵǳ¼ҾôˣοʱͬʱҲѾ˲ͣʱҲͷֻĸûܽԹƽ⿪ɾԹһĪչʱȴͻȻԹ֮УȻ쵽Ĺ
˵ƺ˳˼û˵ȥǺأ
Ĭ˺һƺʧһȻ˵Ҳǵˡ
ҶؿûѣʵҲ˵ȥȴʲôҲǵˣγģҲǵ𣿡
˵ֻþһһλ䵱ʱΣʼվֵͣһ̣Ҽ벻ʲôһֱǵȥĹǾʲôʲôȴһҲǵáֻ֪ѹʱҽԺ棬˶ڣɫѿҲ֪ҵĵճӣǴ⣬ӦҵĵңӦ֪ɣõܡ
үҼͳүһҲǲͣ⻰˵ȴʮֵıŤΪһҲ͵˵һ͵ֵܡô˵ĻҾͿүҵ̬ˣʵҲ뵽֮Ҳ˵ɣңӦûһЩӰġ
¼ǵͭΣԭҺѾϵԼȴȻҲʯͷԼľ̫˶¶ؿƿҾһΡ
ôΪʲô˵õ˲ϵȴ˥ϣʲôԵʣ
ʼ磬˵֪ЩҲͲðսˣ
ͨ˵Щ֪྿Щ飬ƺѾΪĲһŴԱǵصһŬԼƽһЩȻ½صתƵֻѾȥʬϡ
ҾҺԽԽԶո˵ӳ⣬һ֪⵽ƻһʲôĸΪǿ˵һӣҲǺҼȱ
»صһϣַ˷ʬڵ壬ʱŵһŨҵʬʬڵɢʬϵζŹģҲ֪ʬڵײУȴʬȻӾҡ
˷ʬ壬Ȼ˵ôнʬѪ
ҶȥȻʬڵ֮º͸ǳɫѪҺʬڵѪҼһĶһǺɫģһϿԶ϶ѪԲʬϵģҲ˵ʬڵȷֽţ
ͷΧգʬͻȻ֮ģȻĹô᲻ڶֹһ߽ʬȻʬڸɱ
ҽͷڱڶһܣȴڱڶϷһЩüĿҲͷƴڱڶϣֻڱڶһָӡ֮ǰļֱһģһ
ҿӡ滹ûж೤ʱ䣬ΪӡԻʵģҲ˵ոʬڵȷǱɱģҺԣһֱǡ
֮ǰһԥز²⣬ӡһڵ֮һֱҵǸˡҳһģһǸˣʵ֤ȴ֣Ҳ˵ָӡֻһǣʵӡǾʲôǣȴû˵ʲôҪһָӡ
ҰԿ˿ҼҲǽüͷƺҲһӣһʵܿһЩʲô𣿡
ŵͷȻ˵Ŀǰ
ҾֻͻȻ֮䣬ҵĿͱúܹҲ֪ʲôװûпĹط˿ǰǲ·ڣҲǰߣվԭء
Ѿһ뿪İ취űԺĳ·ȴȫͽ޹ΪҵԺһƬհףԽ侲ԽհףѹһҲ벻
ֻ÷ɾ۾ʱҵ۾¿ЩĹʱҵԺȴ͵һʶĸоƺĳʱĳأҲйͬľٶ뷨ָоҾһ˿ľ֣һҵػͷȥȴҲңҲѾע⵽ҸոյľٶڿϤ֮ĸоҲʧֻ˵ҵȷûһӡ󣡡
˵⻰ʱҾǳױˣҼ̧˿Ҳ֪ڿʲôΪֱѾֹͣתΪӵĹϵȻҾ룬Թ᲻ʧ֮һʧʱ䣿
ʶʲôһߵߣҵǻڣ˵ѱңƺѾ뵽ʲô


ڶһʮһ Թ4
ŽɵؽֱȡңҿѾֱֹͣЩ⡣
ΪȻʧ֮һӣôʱӦҲʧ֮һģҿֱ֮ȴֱֻǳֹͣת֮ǰֻһʼתʱȴ˿
ȻһЩ죬ҲӦ֮ͬŶԣֱţɻһЩͷžֻžĹͻȻ˼ٵĽŲȻҾŽŲʬĶҺؿ˿ѵ˴һֻ·ʬڣ
ǻϸ룬ֻһѾ˹ͬʱһֻʬںطɽȻǵͷϴתÿһֱǣҿ˭ֱ֪֣֮˵ԭǣҲľ׵ĵͼ
ҺͷʾĬϣȻƿĲȴδͣ£ֻ˵ˣ
ȻÿյѾȥʬڣƺҲԵЩģʼû˵ʲô߿ٵܹҺҲȥȻﰵ֣ѵʬǽ·ѹûǶˣ
Ȼһֻʬڳ֮һǾͼһӣҿ͸ոյ죬ĻڵһԹ֮дתҲ޴ӷֱ棬ȴʾҿϵͼ˵ĸӵͼÿһ໥֮䶼ǲͬģҲֱ淽λָʾ
˵ѾǰȥոǸӵͼȻһЩȴЩǲסڿͼʱ򣬾޴ӷֱ澿ͬ벻ͬǽʬһֱ֮ͣϣһһһҿüͷ˵ҲС˵ģֻصԭˣ
ڿͼʱҿҲ͵ؾ£Ȼ˵˵ôܣѵı˶ֽˣ
ȴ˵ĶҲֻһõ
Ҽֺ۹ͻȻؿңͻȻʶ˵ң
νֲ֣Ҳٶ⣬ǣԹǾ֪٣֮ǰǷҲ
ֵͷһβûвʯͷǵжҸӺһ˽ģ
˵ҺƤҲ˳߳Թ뵽Ĺ֮С
زҾȣҲǾȵ˵ĸҲܽȥֺƤνȥģ
ֿһȻ˵Ƥ֪νȥֱҲ벻֪ģҽƾʱӡ뵽ȴԶ򵥡
֮ԣҲ˵Ƥܹ죬ҲԽԽƤһ쵽ٹˣƺ֪һд𰸣ʯͷ֪ĻҪࡣ
֣Ĺʲô
һʳҾѾ֪ˣΪֵ۾￴˺һģһãҲ˵ܿܣҲ֪
Ȼ˵ҲǵˣֻǵҽȥǾ淢ʲôȴһҲǵˡ
ѵĹʧ䲻ɣ˵ǵãҲǵãôľ̫ʯͷлأҲǵ
ҸؼǣʼٸߣҲǵãѵһɺϣ˵ȥ֮󣬾ͻ淢һУ
Ҳȥ룬Ϊĵãһ¶޷Ĵ𰸣˵ľ׵ĵͼҽЩϵһͻȻãҲһ˿ֲĴ𰸣ͻȻֵֿ־壬
ڻȥЩʱĹؼǣνȥȻѾֽţôԹĳ·Ҳͳױδ֪֮Уֻ֪
ҿ˶Լͬؿңƺϣʲôǵǿ¶ʱǲòʧΪʲôҲ벻
һ˵ԣ
˲Լͬ˵һԷ
˵ѪĹҺʯͷҲ·ʯͷҲҲҲԣ
ʱҽԼ۾ΧҪκεҽԼֱȥߣҲ߳ȥҲ˵һΪһǵõʱ龰һƬڰ֮ҵԺһ·ӣҾ͸·ߣ˿߳ġ
룬ҲҲһԡ
ֽ·õһȻ۾ϣ۾ʱŵһֺرζ֮ͬǰŨҵĸʬϢζȴҸоȸʬζҪܣΪҾƺζ
ζǻ徭˵ζ֮ǰһֱ޷ŵζԭζңһϵζԽأ˾Խӽһˡ
ϵζ˵ʲô
̽ʣŵһɺֵζûУ
Ȼҿһֶҵʲôζ
ƺһɵĸʬζС˵
ȷûų˵ԼŲԼϵζģԼżˣô˾ѾᵽζҲͲԶˣҾ˵Сɣǣһɵζ
ҸоֵͻȻ£ҿǵı飬ʣҲŵˣ
ȴú˵ûУ
һҲŵˣҵĻһѾ©δˣô᲻֪³ֵζǶô쳣ֻҪ룬֪ζ
糣ҾҲĶȻ˻壬ʱµ֮ǰҲ˵ŵԼŨҵζ̾ԼӣֱȻɼƾһжҲǲŵġ
ֽϵãȻ˵ˣ
վԭأûٷһͻȻ߾Ͱˣ־԰Ļ£ͻȻĳִʶĸоͻȻֻҵԺȷһģ··ȥ˵һ
߳ȥͬʱͻȻͷһĶȻ󽥽Զȥ֪ʬ·ɽԹ֮Уҵ˼ңվԭأһŬʹԼ״̬أͻȻתµĵƺڷٵתţҾһ޴֮Уϵ³ȥ
Ҳʯһ˲䣬ҵԺͻȻһ棬ҿֺʯͷǱԹ֮УԹ߳ǵģǸ˾ңҸоſͶ˵Ǹ
ԼͬʱҲǸ
ҿԸоԼǱһһԺ·ԽԽұס۾ƺѾ¿ԿҾ·߽ȥ


ڶһʮ Թ5
߽ȥʱֻͷһʬ˶࣬ƺҵĶĴһҶܸеڶߵķ硣ҲͬʱԺе·ͻȻʧž͸оʲôұ׻صʵ֮УžһǼӲĶҲϡ
ʹкǿңҵϰߵȥҵֻûٽֻһڶͬʱֵĽŲҲѾҽ۾ϵĲժʬĵĵطȥȴһֵѪ
ҸҵĲȴһľʼΪǲˣǸеѪͣʱ򣬲֪ľˡ
ҿֻʬȴȥҵͷͬȼһġСֽס˲ϵ˿ڣűһ֮ȴӦôһЩҩģ
˵꽫ϺݺһˤҸоƺʧȥֽ֪˿ڣſǽڱϣҵ۾ѾʼЩģŬ۾ȴֻһƬʣһһԺҵ֣ǽǵҲңԶĸҸоԼҪһΧعһƬȻһʶҲޡ
һʶʱҸоԼ˶ǴһƬ֮Уÿ£ҸоԼԺѵģȴҲ۾ҸоڿңȻҿҸоؿңƺܹеĺѹȫþһűĹһ
ͻȻԼ͵һ鴤ո޷ĸоͻȻʧ۾ھҵţȻҿԱߵֶңԹȥ֮ǰ£ʬĵĲ֣ȴֹסˣ𶯣˿Ǹողã
ҽ´£ҿͷȴɫӾߣ֮ϣһֻʬ̽ͷңȻͻȻԱһȦͷԹ֮С
ʵֻص˵һ𣿡
ȴҡҡͷ˵ǵڶӣոյǸԹѾ߳ˡ
ҾЩ˼飬һ֮ʲô£߳ģ
˵ֻʬڴǳġ
֪˵ǸոշɽԹһֻͻȻú֣ǵƲǲѾ˴ĵط𣬶ӼȻ˶ֽţôʬǳ
Ȼ˵ԹûбƻԼڱ任ǲ˱ƻĴһֻʬھն
ҿıƺʲôȻıʲôҲģΪҶαװԼı飬˵ֻһαװٺã۾ȴԶѣҾǴ￴ġ
ʣʲô
ҿıþҲֻһôһ˲ĹȻЦ˵Сģʲô
ЦĺȻǴǰһΪԼˣȴǣɽض۾Ȼұͷֵ֣˵
ֵı˵ҪȻ࣬ؿӱϣȻ˵Թ˱ǣ˳ű˳
Ҿֲû˵꣬ǼʣǸ˭
˵Сģܲµͱˡ
ֹ۲ϸҵ뷨صٺҲǱ͸һ˵˵ΪϾʱһˣȴۿġ
ȴӿڻش˵Сģµûǡ㡯ʬƺǱģĻǽʱֻʬڶ̳ġ
ﰵһǱϻװһƽӣҾסԼһʵȷǡҡ
û뵽һƽһۣΪ˿ڸոձֻƽڵϣȴʼ˵ı仯Ȼ˵ȷҾǹǿݣĶô죬ȫԱܿǵĵƹ⡣
һ㣬ʮϤѾ˱۾߳ȥĵزոֵյ۾ֵ֪˱äȴ˿ûԥʧ棬ҾԹﴩ磬Ĳ۾ֱʱ
ҿһͷֵͬĻȻ˵һҡʧ֮ǾĹ﷢ָӡıǣǾ˳ǳġ
ָӡıǣƺǱʸȫһ£ΪҾƺѾҵʲôͷȴת˲ţΨָӡĸԺţȻûץסһͷѾ϶Ĺؼָӡϡ
ұ۾һߣҵһοָӡʯͷǵʱ϶ӡǺҳһģһµģȻҲǺ¡ʵ֤˾ּٰģԼҲ˵ⲻһʵӡһǣΪʲôҪӣΪʲôҪýʬѪȴûлشҡ
ڣֳһӡҺԣⲻµģҲãҲգǶ˵˺ҳһģһҲָӡǣҲ˵ܿʲôϵġ
Ҿõƺûֻ꣬ҵԺѾһңȻ󽫺Ŭϣֵ֣ΪʲôҲһǣ
ػش𣺡Ҳ֪
ֲ֪Ը˵ұ۾Ȼʵֻ±ô򵥣ĻȫûҪ¶棬Ŀǲǣ
ҿֺ̾һ˵СģʱϬˣССϸڶƲ
ֻЦЦȴ˵ΪҸոյһٴηʯΪָоҺϤȫľܶĵͼֳҲ֪ڳһԵʱûϸоһǿԿ϶ģǼʯ龰ϣҲǲʧģʯͷʯӺͳȪˮҳ֮͸ҳȥʯͷڣϣ˭Ҳû
ôͲƲ⣬ȻʱѾˣҴֵĻִ¹һԹȥ಻һСʱô̵ʱʯľǲȫʧģҶ϶һ˴˱ʯӺͳȪˮЧĻⷽȻһ֪ǲҲα겻αķ֮һ
ǵģȷ֪ƺӲųֵģ˵ˣͰⶫ㡣˵ߴӶͳһ


ڶһʮ Թ6
ҵԺѾҳһ࣬ողǿ˼ͻȻһ֪ĶңǽʲôҪʱصң
ӿڴｫⶫͳҼǱȫ񾭿ش´ֻһֽһĶݵǰ֪ôģڿⶫʱͻȻ٣ҲĪؽ²ţ⾿ʲô᲻Ĺֻߣ᲻ҵ֪ࡣ
ҽӹֽһĶֱõϣҲŷһƬڿƬһ˲䣬ֻоԭѾ˶࣬ƺͻȻֵҰһҪҵֱҸоһ˲මȻѾײ壬ֺǿϢоƬֲؾҲţϣҲŷӦҾƬ￴ʲôȻͷЦ
һЦ˶ȴǣ˲ϵ˿ڣҸоٴμһۣ˵Сģ𶯣˿ֳѪˣ
ȴûһٴδЦţһҾЦЦ˳شϻ䣬ϵ˿ȴȥҾǵʹѾоˡѾߣֽҵ˿ڣȴ˵Сģ
ͻȻԼȷ޷ʵȻѾĿԣǵĿһĻʱһ޷ܣ֧Լ˲ͻΪС
һ˵һƬѣһǼٵأ
һ˺þãɳƵʣ٣
Ȼֱ㲻˵ˣҾʱԼܻңŬסԼʼ˿ڣᵲ˵Լͺã
ĵؿһۣ֪ƬӦöѾѡңҲҲԼɡ
ٴϸؿһƬƬܼ򵥣һʯƺھ֮ϣڻ谵ĵ£ʯ泯һˣشʯϣ۾ſգŴţʲôϸˣϿȷʬӡƬֵĵط˵ϣΪһǵʯͷġ
龰ʯͷһ˵ĻͻȻٴҶ𡪡֮ûл뿪ٲҪѾʶ֣ҲѾҽֻ֣һֱšҾҵؿƵҪҽͷŬغţʯͷĲˣһлʲô壿
ȴһ˵СģӦڿһЩһⲻʯͷֻأ
ҡҡͷҲῴģƬϵʯͷʹɽֿʱŵ·ƬȥƬ뵽һ㣬ͻȻʶʲôȻڸƬʱ˵ʲôûУ
ҡҡͷ˵˵ʱⶫ㣬ʲôҲû˵
˵һ仰ʱͻȻֱӣҺȻ˵˵֪࣬͵ԹĹȥȻ㣡
СģʱҲͻȻվ֣û˵ʲô˼ֻΪСܴȥҵľ׵ĵͼǲǣ
ȴνʼ磬˵˭ƭСģ涼
Ҿ˵ĻƺţֶţٿһƬʱѾ侲࣬ǣû˵ĵƬ
ҿֶҡҡͷƬҸʲôֻ֤ʵ⾿ǲɽ˵ǡǸط㵽ģǼֲǣҲ޴ӷֱ棬Ϊûȥֻҳһģһ˾Ǵʲô˼ĵƬģεʱֻ俪ڣСģӦüǵʬǲҽʯͷߵİɣһˣʬҲֻᾴԶ֮ôỹȥ·ʯͷ첻µزµˣʲô⣿
ֵĻһƹԴϣһԴʱѲ٣Ĺаȷʮ־ʯͷʬӣߣʬۻȵȵЩµҪ˵ĲȻЩ˾ʯͷôЩϣ֮
ٴοһƬʯͷϲûһ˿ڣƬһʯͷǱʬĸоʾȴƬ
ȻֽƬ϶ȥ˵˲ʯͷҶ˽⣬ô׾ģο
˵ȴͻȻסڣֻǿңȴ˵Ҽе֪йʯͷϢοʲôȴĿ⣬Ȼζ˵һ䣺ûʲôպȻֻ֪֮㣬ʯͷ£ȥˡǸط
Ҳ֪Ϊλţ϶˵һһոտƬ𺳺Ͳ֪Ѿһɨգ˵㽫ƬңҾƬ˵Ҳһ
ȷû£ŽƬµݻңҽڴҽ˿ڵÿŷ֣Ѿմ˲Ѫʬڵ͵ȷģһȥĳһ˿ҹǳҵľģѪֹס
ǼȻûд˵ҩôѪֹģӦҲֹסѪŶԡ˿³Ѫֶûа취ҲʱҿҵĲȻ˵СģĲϡҿЩʧɫӣͬʱҲеϵ˿ڴһģϾͱһҸ־ҪٴȥǾҵֶһ˲䣬ҸоʲôͻȻҵĲ׹ڵϣҵͷȥֻһͨѪĶڵţӺͽһģһȴϸӦþǴҵ˿ڴĲŶԣⶫϵãѪߡ
ƺѾʧȥ˻ڵҲֻоѪִ˿ڴ˳Ѿ˲ذס˿ڣ˵СģһЩϿţҪҶһѪֹסΪʧѪģ
˳ӵĻϿ£Ұ˿ڣҿֲŪ˵ϵѪʬ壬һؿЩҿؽѪָѪߵȷѾˣֵָһ
ϸؿѾȥѪߣȻ˵ⶫ￿Ѫģôˣ˵ֶ꣬ؿңǾúܲ˼һʱͻȻּ֣ŽߵƺܲͬϸϸָͷȻ


ڶһʮ Թ7
֮ǰֽӴôʱһûָڿ־ȻָͷҾ÷ز죬Ҹ𾪣Ųϵ˿վ۾һضֵ֡
ҲеĿ⣬ңȻƺҲѾʶʲôѪ¶صϣȻ֮СһߵǰȻúܵ͵ʵ֣ô£
ҲһضңĿ쳣ر䣬ҿ촽ţȴʼûп˵һ֣һ飺ָӡ־ô£
Ѿе֮佣ŵϢҲҵߣֵɫȴøӱ䣬ҿӽţƺʱҳһΪֵĶ֡Ȼҿ˺һͻȻһ˿Ц⣬ЦȴҲǱ쳣ģȻ˵СģұΪǽȥŻ֣ᷢȴ񲻵ĶѾԽԽˡ
ȻҾͿҪߵƣ˵Ҫߣ
ұ˵Ѿ߳˹ȥɾҶһ˲䣬ͻȻתԹ˽ȥҼҲؾ͸ȥȴһס˵Сģˣţȥ׷
ȻӰǰʧ˾ȫʧԹ֮С
ԥһ£ջûиȥӱϣҿһ۵ϵѪߣϸʲôر֮ȴͷͻȻһ˶̧ͷȴֻɽԹеʬַ˳ԺܿٶڵϣѸٵسѾȥѪȥֻһ̧ͷͽѪ̽˶˵ʵһǵһμʬڳԽߣԭΪʬڶԸʬΪʳģڿĹ棬ʬںͽӦþͷˣôȻӦҲʬӺʬ̦ʬۻҲʳֻʬڽѪ֮ٴηҵͷٴһȻ䶨ߵһӱϣĻƺ֮ǰȫһǱϾҶЩ죬һǸɿһֻա
֮ͻָһļž潹صȴţȴʼղӣٹһԹͻȻһĽŲΪˣһȴòΪŲһһǹⷢģɻؿһԹ棬ȴӰЩҲʱϵʬͻȻһɶ𣬳Թͷ˽ȥɽȥһΣȴڿţ۾ңƺʾҸȥ
һҾˣǺã룬ǽҵСͳǹҽȥĹϣȻʬھ߽ȥ
ûв´ʬҽȥӦǵԹҲ˵ԹľͷеӣֻǸŽȥ˲ãͲΪĹ濴һʬ塣
˵ʵҲ޷ȷ⾿ǲһʬ壬ΪԶԶؿȥһˣſĹ룬ֻſڵϳܹһΣһʲôҲ
ʬѾӿϣںڵ۾ңƺΪһʬ塣
ҽͷƴϣȻʵ㻹𣿡ĹֻصԼſڵϣһ㶯ҲûУҴ¿Կ϶ӦѾˡߵߣ߽ʱʬѾ·û뿪ʼҵͷ߽ŷʬıϾȻһʯӣҽȷʬۻĹʵʯ棬һһǣָӡ
صĶҸӺú˵ݣŽַļϣȴе·ȴһƬһͷûС
ջ֣ɾʱȴ˶˶ķʽȴرǳһڵ䶯ţԺ̻һͷûйͷ
ʬľ׼ͭ棬ȻҲ֪αģ֪ǻţĲ֪Ǳ֮Ƿ񻹱Ϊһ˵ʶ
ôһΣȻأ䶯·⣬һЩ룬Ȼҿؽͷ̧һѾûͷȫĹͷѾڻһֻǻʣһͷǹǣǿԿһͷ״ЩʲôģѾûˣһƤ
Ǿˣ̧ͷʱһϳǹӡ
ҾҲϴȻֻһΣҶӡȴʮֻ̣ҲǣΪʲôӦڡġסİ
Ȼ๾ࡱƺں˵ʲôһȻǹӣҲ˲Ϻ£ߡҿġ๾ࡱøӼ˵ʲôֺӼֻʣһƤ˳䶯֮޷Ҳ֪ʲô
ڵص䶯ţҿǲķʽʲôǻҶ룬ͻȻһ죬ֻһʹ·˳ҼȴһֻǺµģҽ͸ȻӵͲٶˣƺոյļȫΪ˸ҿһϸ˿ҲһȦƣҿźϤ⻨ƣԾ濴ġӣ
̾뵽֮ϵֶĪǾһֲϣ
˵ĻҲûǾҲãôǾ˸Ӹӵ;ⶫǴںδȴһ֪
ҽȥӵʱȴֹѾٶˣѾȫһƤ̱ڵϣްԡҲ͸ȷҵ뷨ܹ֮һû˾ô̾ͻȥڹӺǾͺһģһΡ
վʬһԹ֮зɽȥҿһ۵ϹӣҲ˲ô͸Žȥʬһֱǰ·ҸǰߣʱͻȻһ뷨ĸԹʵʬʵɳ룬ҪȻܹҽ뵽Թܿ죬ҾͿ˵ӣһӺ֮ǰȴܲһΪһɫ;һģһǴɫǺɫ
ҰɫϵĻǺɫģͼֻۣͼܿȻʬۻģ
Ҳ˵ӣʬۻűȻϵġ
һʬȴûϣֻڿвϵţҵע⣬ŸĪ֮ǰĲͬɣ


ڶһʮ Թ8
ӱϣʬۻͼ̵ʮ־ϸֻʬۻʬܳ󣬿żֲˣڽˣŷʹģ͸ģˡ
Ͼͷһܹ󣬾ӵıϣһ̲ѪѪʣȥӦǸողµģѪ˿ȻһֱĹȥ棬ǵĸԹ
ҾõԹ֮ǰһʲô𣬴ӵĲͬͿԿĸҲǲͬҲ˵һ
һڿʬڣ͸Ѫ˽ȥ
֮ѪԽԽ٣Ѫһ·ȴʲôҲûУɻ˭Ѫ˵Ӧֺģô˵ĻӦûһˣֻ˭
ұ߼߽ȥһЩ֮ЩѪûˣѪʧĵطǻһѪͻȻһǰʲôҲûˣѵƾʧˣ
ţͻȻֻǰ洫һҽУԶķϹȥҲҲû⣬ʶĶУҾȻûԹ֮дתɵؾҵˡ
ҷӦʱѾ˵ߣֻڵϣѪҽͷƴϣһǴҿжϣš
㻹ðɣ
ҵʱͻȻһ۾ҿ۾ǲ˼ı飬ֱ㶵ؿңұһӲһҲϸ˵ӣȷҴûм
ȴҵ֣ģ
Ѿµʶҵʵ˭ôʶңΪʲôҴûм㣿
ҵͻȻ˺ֵһЦֻΪѾ˵ԵʣЦú֣ҶؿȻͻȻٴξҵţҿ촽ţƺ˵ʲô
Ȼ˵պȻ֪˭ʮҪҪ˵Ϊʲô
ҽĿ˵ˣҲ֪ûУּʵȥĹûУ
˵ȥˣĹѾȥܶΣҲˡ
Ҽ壬̱üңô˵ʲôûУʲôûУ
ɻؿľ˵һ飬ҿ۾ʱ͸ʧɫʵǲǺͱȥģ
ҵͷ˵Һ̫үȥġ
ȴٴ˵һȥҪκˣ㵥ȥ壬һʮ־޴ܣֻȥŻ㡣
Ѿֻǵһ˵˳Ҳ߹ңʣʲôܣ
ȴ˵֪Ͳˣ
ȻȻٴ˵ʵǲһ˽ģ
֪˵Թҡҡͷ˵Һֻһ𡣡
ҵĻȻܣҿóͻȻýȻٵʣ
˵ʧˣֻʣһڡ
ȻҸоͻȻץסҵֱۣʮץţһһ˵Сģ㲻ҪκˣȻѾʧˣͱٺǼ棬ңֻ㰲ȫ¡
ʣΪʲô
˵ʮַѾҿ˺һ˵Ӧüǵýȥ·һ˽ȥĹĶῴԼҵĶһҪסǧҪȥĹңӶ˶͸Ͻ뿪мɲҪĹȥûУ
˵úǼǲģҲ֪ĹʲôеĿ⣬һǵͷ˵Ҳȥģ
𰸣ҸоʱһǽҾͿʼɢŷӦѾ˺صˣȻҸоֱ۵Ҳɿ˲٣Ȼ϶߽ͬһĵԼ˵СģΨһǵˣΨһһ
֪ҲعƽҲ֪˵Ⱦʲô˼̽̽ıϢȷѾûˣʱȴһֻڵѾдһ֣ں˵ļ϶ʱպԼѪдһ족֡
̿ңԺĵһӦΪʲô֮Ҫдһ֣ΪʲôֱӸңҪ޵ķʽ
ҵʱҲŷӦ֪֣Լ˭
һ飬ϲûʲôõ⣬ҪѾˣΪʲôҪ˭Ϯ
ոյĻ棬ӦÿȷҲʮĸеһȻôͿȷΪʲôҲ⣬˾һģֻΪʲôҲѡʱҲΪľ׵ĵͼ
վʱŷͷʬڲ֪ʲôʱѾˣͻȻӦʬںܾܿǼҵĶڹƷѾ˱Ѷȥˡ
Ļ͸Ӳܾҽд족ָҲֵʱȴʲôҽָ⿪ȴһűŵֽţֽʵ̫СˣϸĿ濴
ҽֽչһźСֽƬӦǴ˺һ飬ΪֽƬϻб˺ĺۼǺܹͼΡ
ֻֽƬһ仰ȻֽƬǲģǾȴģֻдţҪڷ֮ǰҵʯͷ
ҿʯͷʱͻȻһ㱣һʱ侹Ȼȷ˵ʯͷʯͷ˻˵ֻǵʯͷʲôҵ϶ĪһҲ˵ȷǱһڰǣƻǵж
Ժֳ︡ү׵Ǹ˵Ӱӣָһ㳤ҲȥʯͷӣһʼµصʱɳǱߵ˾Ͳֻһγֹ룬ѵǴģ
ôǲ˵ѶϢϵ֪ˣԲɱ֮
ҽֽſһڴҿٵվԽԽʶأѾûжʱ䣬Ҫ֮ǰҵʯͷʯͷ˵ĻôҪʲôҵֻǵʯͷôһʲôʯͷֵʦڣҴûҪһʯͷ˼ѵһûнӴĵܣ
ԽԽòԾʬڻûлʱ䣬ҸϽԹ߽ȥȴ֣Թ֮оǾͨĹһƺѹѾûνԹܿ죬ҾͿ˵ĸӣֻڵĸӱϣȴվһˣҿŷϤƺ


ڶһʮ 壭1
ҿ˻عͷҿʡ
Цʺ˵СĶүּˡ
Ҿɻô棬Ĭ߹ȥô
ٴЦЦ˵ȻСĶүˣСĶүǻȥɣ治ĵضˣȻܼҵ˶һСĶүϾܼҵĽأǲܽȥ벽ġ
˵ʱʼն޵Ц⣬ЦȴҸеһ⣬ǲѺõĵ⡣
˵һҪȥأ
ҿʵıʼնûб䣬ֻ۾Ȼ󻺻ؾ֣ҿһǹڶǹҡ
ûԺ⣬ҵСͳǹѾĹֻ˵Ǻðɣһ㡣
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ҿЦ˵СĶүıоˣ˶ѾῴˣҾʣܼʵıүҼȻܣȻΪܼˡ
ȻһףҴҲԲµ˳ӦöΪͬһһ˳ʱ촽ϵĿͣȻ˵ޣ
ҿʵɫ˲ѿǲ˼ؿңȫû֮ǰĵңô֪ģ˭ģ
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Ӳ˼ؿңֻ˳˵֣ȴ벻ǣҴǿҵķӦӦǼε飬˶Ӧò֪¡
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ʼ˵۾ֱֱͣҵϣҿǹһ֧ң˿Ĵ⣬ڱｫֵϺɵ˵ҪŪҲܱ֤ʲô
ҿһ˿ȴһĭҿóܽţﲻһ룬Ὺǹ
뵽ǰ˼ȻǹʲôһػعͷȥһҹɻػعͷȻʣûĹƺʲôֵ
˳Ҳɻ֪ո˵˺ܾܿͺйأ˵ֻɢעõģҲû뵽һΪӡһǸʲôҲСĶүˣûԼֶΡ
ҿƺҲϸʱͻȻӱֱֱֵض۾Ҿһ˲һؿǹڴֵһ˲䣬ԱƫӣҼֻҪֵյ۾ֻһ˲ôҲᴦڱä֮Уڼ֮ǿġ
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Ȼ룬óҵķλҲǹָңʱϾ֣װüģҵķλ˵СĶүٶһҾͿǹˣ
ᳯҿǹǻῪǹһֿ߽ڰϣȴٳٲԥѾӦ֤ԼĲ²⣬ֱߵĸǰŶǹϣҺ򶨵˵ʣ㾿˭
˿һס֣ǹȡ˵ʣҲǵ֮еǲǣոձ˵Ǹ˭
ʵ۾ӦǱäĸоһܣǽϣϸ΢ҿԿ׼ܣһ˻Թڴһվסȥ·һ˵Ӳģ㲻ҪϿǹ
ҿʵӲ˲ǽȴЦСĶүһûͱϬͷ˵ĹûǱʯͷõѡ
˵壬׷ʵ˵ʲôѡ
ȴٿ˵߽ӣ˵ʲôѡ
ȴӴЦֻ˵СĶү㾹Ȼ֪ʯͷŻȥеһУҪ֪£ʯͷҲ첻ģ㣬˭Ҳ첻
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˵ģںҳһģһǸ˵˵Ǹ˱ֵ䵽ȴ˿ӰʧԹ֮УҲһ޷ѣڹӣ뵽ҲͻȻʶҲҲǸսҲΪһģ˵ЩҵעΪѾȥȡʱ䣡
Ұһ⣬Ȼʹӱ˽ȥ
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ҾԼƺһҽȥ֮͸оԼһֱĪָɵߣҳϵǣԹҺ׵ؾ˳Ѿ֮һڻǷ˳
ǰĵȷһĹţĹѾˣѾ棬ĹűϣĹſ֮⣬ʲôҲûУĹű϶ûа㱻ƻĺۼ
ҴĹűʯɫӦѾ򿪺ܾˣǸողű򿪵ӣΪĺۼȫǳ¾ɵģȷںܾ֮ǰѾ˴Ҳ˵ѾȥǽȥΪʲôȴ֪
ҽ뵽Ĺ棬һֱǵ˵Ķ˵ҪҵĶڶ棬ǧҪȥĹңȻҲΪʲôȥĹңȻ˵һҲԼĵ˵벻ΣգߴһҲ˵һ
ҴĹŽ֮һĹĹֻһ˶ʮӣһᣬչ֮ҾͿ˶ҵڣҲҹչʱͻȻĽŲ


ڶһʮ 壭2
һͷȥպñĹǽڸס޷ĹӣһȥҽͷƴĹ֮УȴûпһˣҾ֣ոҵȷ˽Ų
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Ȼڵ𶯣ˣ
ŷϤͻȻͲˣ̧۾ؿһƬڰҸеӾѹҵϣѾ˹ǽ֮㿪ʲôˡ
С˵ʯͷ㣿
ȴסҵ죬ȻúС˵
һʱ־ⲻʯͷ֮Уʯͷʽı䡣
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ҲʱͻȻǽںҲһ΢ĽŲźܵ͵˽ֻ˵Ǳߣ
ȻǾͳĹ׷˽ȥվǽ֮ӦȥЩˣ߳ƾżߵſڣȻ˽ȥ
߽ȥʱҸоˣҽҾ͸оײһϣ˶ܿ죬ײʱٵƫӣұܵһû˰㶯վڶſڴҲҳ֪˻ڶ档
ӱȥֵ磬ǾʱҸе˶ˣƺǿԸеķλҸоҪȥ
ѸٵؽҪȥķλסٱ任ΣһȥƾŸоסץסҵֱǰһʹȥһֻѸסֻ֣ȻһȻҾ͸еһֻҲסҵֻ֣һֱϴ뽫ƿ
ǼĬһУ֪ܿѾ䵽ҸӲ֣һסǿסӣǽ˫ƺͻȻʹҵ˫֮们˳ȥ£ͻȻǣ
˫Ѿ״ҵ˫֮们˳ȥĶܿ죬˫ֻȥ֮ӾһһٵߣҼҲ͵ؾȥ˵Ϻ䵽ϣҸеһʮ־޴ҵĸƺһٴץסҸоסϵıɵȴѾıϻ
ⱳʮֳأҪҵĶⱳ棬ڵһͽؿڣҪɾʱͻȻһOO@@ĽŲͻȻͣסͺԥ뿪ֻʣҽػűڵϡ
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һӵĸǰ˵ֻһλᣬѡˣĻؾͻᱻǶ޷ӳȥ


ڶһʮ 壭3
˵İ˿ڼľ涼һǿᣬһѡˣڴ򿪴ײĹ׸ǵһɲǣǿȪһ֮ڵ˶޷⣬ͬʱĹҳڵĶʯ̽Ĺҷ֮Ͳ֪澿мɳ߻Ǹǿᡣ
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ұ㲻ſںľ׶Ա߶һӣ֮һѲϵȴ֡
ȽŸӶһ飬ÿһȫûʲôΣΪǶһģһӣ⻬ûһۼҲ˵ϸʲô
ҲΪͺ޹أΪʱԽǿ߾ԽжߣվԶ˼ؿ͸ӣ˼
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ȻⶫҲһЩⶫȴãΪⶫϵãȻҴӼѳģȻҲǵ֣֪һ֭ҺԸָ˺Ч֭ҺƷʯһ֭ҺϿƸ˵ģ
ᱻƣų˹ѾõӭҲܸеķŭſڵһʱվֻ˿һЩֻ߳һͻȻ͵˵ϣֱڵˣѾͬݹһ˫ֻֻǻûҵ壬Ѿ˽̿һĶ
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ڶһʮ 壭4
ʵҿϵǸ׵ʱҾѾ֪ⲻĹңľͿۺľȫǼٵģΪӻǺľ϶ûرļǺţӦ˵ûƵúļǺţҶ϶һһ壬Ȼ˵
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ȻŲӣѾһŲڽŲͬʱֻġಡڶֻƺߣҽУһ˿ٵرܹ˻أ˳ȥóЩ˶ʮ˵õ
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վĹſһҶҶص˽ΩһǣҲ֪ԼʲôҲǵȻرľҲڵһ˵ĳ֡
֮оãһ˳֡
ŵʱͻȻֻ¡һƺĹʯ׹Щ޴ʯǰһߴʯµһ˲һ洫ҷӦֻоʲôѾҷ˹Ұһܵͳץסˣ
ⶫǰʱѸץסⶫȴһȻҾԼӱôһٵȥͬʱлȻҸож߻ȴûңһ˲Ѿ˱ڶϣ͵һվӣŽɿ
ɿʱȴоһͷѾˣҲ˵ֻôݵһ˲䣬ѾʧһͷȷѾоκһ˴ڵϢΧһŵһɵĸʬζ
ֱɸʬζָӡűȻĹϵûƣ˳ζǰߣŷ֣ƺһĹ£ཻĹǽʱŵĲеһѡ
ڵĹһ·ȴûж˼һĹϣŸոڵµһĻոݷˣֻȴ˭Ҳû¶棬Ҳ֪Ҫҵʲôŵʲô֮ҾһЩŹ֣ңҼһЩЩҾһĿ־壬ʶһص⡪ҵʱ䲻ˣ
ҼһߣΪոձ˴Ĺʱƺ˵һ仰˵һֱߣܳȥ
ҵʱֻ˸ţϸϸζţһ仰źܹŹ֣˱ķȻ˭Ҵ¿ȷĹЩ֮κεһȴһִʶǼ
Ҿʱ֪һʮֿµ飬֮ǰңȻҲһֱ̽Ѱ࣬ȴһֱ֪ʱĽȣͻȻʶʱ⣬ȴ֣Ѿû̫ʱǺ˶顣
ʱ䲻࣬ȴʲô¶ûҲЩҲ޵ʱҵ࣬ôֻʲôӣ
ڣ֪ұ뿪ܼңΪѾе˽ߵΣգȴֲ뿪ܼңΪ֪뿪ľͻһ塣
Ҳ֪ԼԤоԲԣΪ濪ʼܼҾѾһı֮Уң֮ıѾڷ
ҲܽΪʲôڵĹ˶ˣǵµıʣҲܼҵһʣ
ţȴͻȻʶʲôһ͵ͣסٴһֲõԤУΪʲôһֱ·
˵ͨĳڵĻӦһֱ߲ŶԣԽԽ֮һֺܲõԤУڳĹҵķ߽ȥ
Ҳ˵ովҵǸڰĹȥ
͵һԼҲȥĹ棬ҴͷҲʱͻȻǰĹٴδһҽУ̫үģ
̫үҲڵĹ֮УҵĵһӦ̫үһ£Ҳ˲òܽȥĹҵľ棬Ⱦ߽ȥ̫үֻһ˲䣬Ȼû˰㶯˺Զûм̫ү˵
ٴξֻһĹܿ϶ո̫үǴ淢ģȴûˣ˾ֶС
ҲҴֵͲΪĻ֮Уʵ̫ע⣬תһ룬Ȼ˽ںڰ֮УҲѾ˱Ŀ꣬Ȼʱһ֪⾿ǺηڶңıһС
֮УҾǽ޵ˣ侲룬˺ܾܿһŲ¥ǸˣֻҾĻıߣĿŵس֣Ȼһ֪ΪʲôҴ¿ԲµҲйңҪһ£ʯͷ
ʯͷµӡ룬ǸӡµҲ˵һʯͷʶһָͷݵı־˵ʯͷǺǿҵҵʯͷ
ʯͷʯܼҵˣô֮ǰǲҲͳɳǱ˵ģֻʯͷøصҾÿ¡
ұűǰߣҾԼƺ࣬Ҳ»˲٣ʱڰ˵ĵϢҳѾȳС𣿡
ϵ̫үģǴһ˿Ҳ˵ո̫үĲҽʵġ
˳̫үķ߹ȥȴ˵㲻ҪңվһЩҪ˵
ҲΪ̫үڷҵԵʣҾãƺʲôΣյľ֮Уʵ̫ү㷢ʲôˣ
̫үȴ˵ЩѾõǼûУ
֪̫үָǱ˵Ѿõˣ
̫ү˵ң
Ҳ˵ĺܼУҲ֪ҪⶫҪʲôһǰѱӼݹȥʼ̫ү־룬Ҫ̫ӹ֮򿪱ȻǶʱĳĬһͷһⶫǼٵģ
ôܣѵǸʯͷֽţҾⲻ̫ܣ˵õıҲǼٵģ


ڶٶʮ 壭5
ûг̫үҲĬţһ˵ôĹѾˣҪһֻ»ЩѣȻҲֻðȥһĹˣ
̫ү˼ƺҲͬȥĹ棬б䣬˵Ҳֻȥһ棬ѵĹкҪҵĶһģһ
֮ǰҰѻ˵꣬˵ÿһ仰ҪһҪס̫ү˵
˵˵
̫ү˵һҪ˵£һҪĵףκ˵𣬼ʯͷҲҪܣ͸¶˰֣
Ҿ˾ʯͷҪܣʲôҪܣ
̫ү˵һǹܼҵģ㿴һܼǧĻҵѾһѾҪˣΪģֻǳ¡Ҫ˵ģĴЩ£֪ܼĴ֮пӴ󣬿ȴĴ֮һֻܼԭȵļѣУҲѾԲܼܳȻѲĸϵ
Ҳֻһֱ̫ҿ϶Ϊ¼ͬͬյ˶̫࣬˵ֻһϾжϵ
̫ү˵ҪģܼҵķʷҲܼΣֻҪ㣬ԭĴϡ˵ļҵԶ֮ǰͲò˵Ĵ֮һʮļ壬˵ǵ壬˵Ĵ֮һ
ʣ壿
̫ү˵ЩϣҲҲϣػϣϣϡŮʱԭĴ壬ȱΪʲôŮۡҲŮΪʲôҪĸĸϾĴԭͣǺȴһ£ڴŮ弸ѡ
˳һЩ˵ϱŮ壡
̫үͬ˵ǵģ˵ǱѣǲǣҲֻԼˣǸ֪ʵȷǹϲŮĶԲ˶ġ
ҾƺƻصϣΪŮ˵Ÿ᲻ϵϵŶɢڣҲǴĸĸŮһ֧Ů洵ĳӣȴ˶ģҪΪҪǲʲôǱڵΣջв
Ϊ˳ҵ˵Ϸ֮󣬱ŮΧ˰ߣȴһֱȥ뽨ľģݻ˽ľڽĹ٣ڶŮ˴ˮνŮ洲죬뵽ͻȻ֣һ飡
ΪʲôҪŮ壿ΪʲôҪݻ뽨ľΪʲôľݻ֮˴ˮΪʲôŮ֮Ҫұʯ޲ѷ죿
Ҿһߣʱȴ޷ҳЩһһ
̫ү˵ǵģΪѱ䣬Ժȡ˹ϣΪµĴ塣
ĬػϣϣϣϣǰҼδţϣ̿ʲôϵ
̫ү˵ҲҲѾˣϾңǳ¼ңһܼңȴǰػϣϺϣҲúǲǣ
˵ѵôʱѾˣ
̫үȴû˵ǹ˺һò˵Ҳ˵֪ʵûνĴ壬˵ĸϣֻĴ壬ȴǺǿиȥģ
Ҿʲô
̫ү˵ĴĵܣʵҸûбȻϵ֮ʱΪȥԲòҽˣβƵĴ壬ǼˣҸûܺᲢ۵ʸ񣡡
ֻ̫ү˵ʲôƺѾµһЩұôһԭ
̫ү˵ңҲСܡͳ¶ǹգҲǵ֮գʵ֮ԵҲΪ
ȻΪĴ壬ܳգǺգǳأ
ʣǳһĹգ
̫ү˵ϳ¹գҾó¼Һ̨Զֹˣ¼ʼնĴԵش¹ʻ϶Զڳ¼ңһֱΣҲ֪һЩҲ˵
Ҿһ̶ˮƺѾøȻǹգôҲ˵פԭģפ֮󰴱ػʲôһѵ汻˵ˣǶˣ
ǾʲôĹҪô˵أ
ûйϾΪ뵽һ㣬ǼȻĸֻ֮ôĶȥ
̫ү˵֪ϺǲȥɽȥϽػȥľף
ȥĵطȻѾʶⲢɺϣ룬ȥĵطĸϵڣ
ô˵ӦþǺĸϺͰػĿǰѪĹľ׵ļţһϵҹֲطĶ֮ԭǱͬһ壡
˵ĻôҲһطԵȵĴڣҲ뵽Ĺ᲻֮
̫ү˵ϸ۲ܼҺլλãͻᷢҺܼҼһģΣΪȥɽѰϣܼҼһ˵ĸ壬ÿһ嶼һ仰ľ仰ֻߣŮĹڡ졯Ķ
Ļôͱҵĸ壬ǾȥĸطĸѾĸطףֻѾˣҵǺңϣϺͰػȴѾ޼Ѱˡ
˵ѾһЩĴʼĩȻ˽ͬʱиӿ˳Ҿ̽Ѱǰһ̫үô˵Ļˣ
̫үȴԹϾڲᣬҾ֪ʲôȴû˵ֻ˵Ҫ˵ĵһ£һҪǺˣ֮Ҫ㣬ֻףĴ岢ûǰܹϵΣҪʱȵĿǵĲܼҡҲǳ¼ңңΩһˣȴһᣬңҲڽܼҾͻ᳹׽壡
μ̫ܰүĻٴ뵽Ĺǰ˵ĻҲҪκˣȴԼѪдһ족֣ʵҲңʲô鷳ȥң
̫үмľ룬Ҳ֪ʲôǲҿһ˻˵Ҫ˵ĵڶ£ǹ㣡
ңҾ̫үҪ˵һֱ֪Ĵ𰸣Һ͡ġĹϵΪʲôǡġȴȵ֮ġ
̫ү˵ȣ֪ȻҲзģ͡ġһģһ㣬ġǡġ
̫үĻֻ֮Լ֪ͻȻ߸Щ㵣̫үȴܿ϶˵㣬ġǡġȫǺɵˣ
ɵˣľȻţҾԼƽʵΪʲô͡ġһģһȻҲǡġô
̫ү˵Ϊʲô᳤һģһȥǸطʱȻ֪һġҿԸ㣬κ֪ʯͷ
һʮҪǻܵ飬̫үһǿ˵ұ֤
̫ү˵һġľ׵ʱʬӾ˻Ӧ֪ɣ
ҵͷ˵֪
Һġʧˣδ¼棬ӦǱõܼլǺľ档
̫ү˵ġʬȴûҺ滹ֻȴһݻȴ㣬Ҳҷǳ죡
ͫһʵ˭
壡̫ү˵ǡġ
Ҽسڣôܣ
Ұ̫ү̫үȴ˵Լȥ֪࣬Ҳܸ㣡
̫үȴ˵ܲ˼ǲǣΪĿѾȫˣû˻͡ġϵԭǶ˵ġѾȥϢԳ֪ˣû˻뵽ġһֱķʽţ
Ҿ̫ү˵ЩѾ׵߸ҵĲ²⣬̫үôһ˵֮ǰ벻ͨͻȻ˶ۣΪʲôͳүңʵһʼǾ֪ҵݣôһµأǹΪ֮ˣ
ֻ벻ͨǣȻµصǰŵģôӦһֱҵٲŶԣôΪʲôµأȫʯķʽȥˣȴڶʧһµļֻ֮ˣһʱȥʲôǷҲ֪


ڶٶʮһ 壭6
ȻҾҲҲ֪࣬һµأǾѾʧȥ˿ƣΪеҵڣͻȻһָоǾ޵¾Ųһ˼ȥҲֻ뵽Ĵ޵¾ţôһֱδ֣ȴһֱڰе
̫ү˵ٴζݳ˽Ҫ֮⣬֪Ƕһ޶Сģûи壬㿴ĺһģһ˶ǡġߡġĸ壡
˭
̫үȴ˵ڻʱΪҲ֪Ĵ壬Ҳû֪
ңʡ
̫үܿ϶ظңң
̫ү˵û̫ʱ䣬Ҫ˵ĵڶ¡£ҲΪҪһ£Ҳϵͼ
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Ҳ֪̫ү˵ָĻ˭Ĺ﾿ʲô˶ҪŽȥ̫ү·Щ˽ȥ˾Ǻ˲õĴһ̫үЩ˾˭
̫ү˵СģЩ˵һ˵ȥȥˣʲôҲûˣ
ȻһǾôֻĺܲһ˵һеźһ̫үҲš
ҵ̫үİΣ˵̫ү㡭
̫үȴҵĻСģͷҪȫ֣ܶʱʹҲϧȻҲ֪ⳡıΪΣСģΨһϣڲܳκεĲأ
֪̫үǲҪΪģ˵һ̫үԼԼȥˣ
˵ҾĹȥڳȥһξʱ̫ү󻺻ңԶĸ˵СģҵʯͷѾǰʯͷˣһҪɱǸʱ򣬲
仰ʱҵĽŲͣͣҺۻͷȥʸһѹ뷨֪ȥĹǸҪ飬̫үⷬһʯ͵ѹϣЩҺʯͷĻһʱ𣬱˲ǰǸʯͷֻʲôӣ
Ŭȥ£ΪҾÿ־壬ҷĹ񱼽ȥʱҲŷ֣ںڰ֮УҾȻܹ˿һ·䴦Ҷûͣ£ԶѾ˹ȥ
ҼǵֻһΣڰɫѪĹʱƴߣǻҵһµأһǼǵû˵Ļ˵ΪںڰжԷʮС
룬ҲʱʼѾζ֮ĲѰΪʲôںڰжԷرУֻֻһӶѣģʵҺܿȥɫѪĹ
뵽ʱ򣬾ԼԼ뷨һΪʲôԼȥѪĹ棿
Ǵײ֮£ȻĴӺڰӻص˵֮ϣԽԽоڤڤ֮Уƺ£ÿ뵽Щʱܻһĸоƺһһ
˦˦ͷЩͷԺȥЩʱ򣬶ҾʱƺǸеǰĹʲô۾ûпǽµĲȴѾȫǿһ޷ֱⶫǰͣ£ȥȴһʬ壬̽̽ıϢѾûˣ廹¶ȣѪһ֡˲ŸȥãҲ˵ոպܿйһ˭˭ĲĿǰһ
ʶһֺǿҵΣУΪ̫ү˵ģһֻҲѾ˸ոյĹֻһ壬ĹһΪʲôһֺܲõĸоԼҲ˵ֻһͷ֮ǰ뵽Ĺȥ
ǲͣ߽ȥǻû߳ͻȻеƺȵʲôĶ͵һҪջǾսŵʱȴеͻȻʲô͵ҵĽףӦҾͱڵϣȻѸٵر
ΧˣҰԼĴ⣬ﻹʯͷذףȥϵӣǾʱȴһʮ־޴סҵﵽʮִеذסһڵϣͬʱһȭѾҵĸҳʹƺһֻоθһڣֻÿ൨ˮѾӿɤۣҪһ³
һǿסˣһһǿʵ˭
˲ûгҸеﲢֻһˣںڰܸеΧߣȻһ˵ȥ
Ҿ͸е˽ҵ˫ֱס֮ҵαסžڽҽϵӡ
ҵʮִ˫ֽؿҵļϣұǯƵöã֮£һҲǵĶ֣Ǳ㲻νһʱĻԱߡ
ո˵Ļ˵ҪҴȥӦþǴĹȥɴ˿ԿҲҪĹȥҲý˺һȥǴҽȥҪʲô
˰ҽ׵ӽ⿪ҵ˽ôڿһתҵĽڵϣǸôһȭ۵òܶǿžһƺҲܸʱ䣬Ҿǰߡ
ҵĸоûǵȷˣҸո˵ӦǹµӦǻ֮ģǴǵӦһӸոһȭͿԿʱһҸ۵ðǣ֪һЩġ
һеһ㣬˶ţģµܸͷҪСһЩƺҲӣЩǵݣԺȴˡ
µǰ·ұѺм䣬ʼǶû˵һ仰Ҳ֣˻˭жϣҴûȫǺİһˣҲΪһߵˣĿǰǵľٶܿҲΪĹ֮еĶġ
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ʵҲûʲôǽ޵ġɳɳܶʱǿԺԲƵģΪںڰлٵػһЩǶһǿǵӺܰһ£ҾãǰһˣǰһһڣѾˡ
վһңֱҲκʱǰ˲żǰߣص·ѾרŵЬ·ǼŵġɳɳҲڰи̾Щ˵ϵԽҿ϶Щ˾бġ
ϸϸŸոյ龰ıؾ֮·˿ۣȻõصͶҲ˵ѾغĹ֮׽ңԽԽò֪һҸҪһǣǽĹ֮ҪȥĹҶץʲô
ҲܱǾץȥ浽棬Ҿ׸⣬ʱֻҲӲˡ
һԵغţǲҵȻͻȻͣ£ҼһѣҵҾסΣһƵӦҲû뵽һͻȻͣ¡
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ֻڰҾñ˵Ҫȥ
ҵСⰲĹȷֻоҼϵͻȻסҶߵġɳɳҲ˲ʧҾʱ˵˫۾һͣҵϣ֪µںڰжҲһ쳣Ϭס˿ĶҲй¶㣬һαؿڣҪȥģ콫ɿ
ڰûһ˿һĹžþǷĹһ֪ʱǶڴؿң˵ڲȷֻҪǲȷͺðˣҲ˵ûȻһʼ㱩ʵΪ飬ʵﻹҵģȻҲ֪Ϊʲôҡ
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ڶٶʮ 壭7
˵֪ûжԣɿң
ȻǳĬﲻһ亹Ҳ´ˣܵһƤ֮࣬£Ψһİ취ˡ
ҲЩʱͻȻеҼͻȻɿˣҵͻȻں£Ҳͬʱµ˵ֻҪǽȥĹ棬Ҿɿ㣡
̽ңȻѾ϶ңȻͲȥҪسԶǣٴ˵˵һ飡
һ䣬ͻȻһֵٴˡɳɳΪ˹ˣ˺һȴҲû˿˵ȴѾһļžҲʱҲͻȻʶոյǸ˷źţ֮ġɳɳ뿪Ҳ˵ǾȻˣ
ҵֻεذţʯͷذף
ҲүҲⱬһֿǾȻˣ⼸Ҳ̫û˵徫ˣ
һǵĹ£˫ֱ󣬻ǵǰ·
ʵ֤˫ֱӰ·ƽ⣬رǲ̫죬Ϊ̫ԵʣβѾ͵ˤ˵ϣѾ׼ˤ׳ʱȴ˷סҡ
û˵ŵ֮ǰڼĹͬĸʬζҲ˵ǸոڼĹȹҵˡ
һԵؽҰŵ˫ֽ⿪˫ɿʵ˭
ʳȥ֮ͺˣΪһ˲ҾҾǸɵӣɿϵ֮һʧˡ
֪ΪʲôҾһЩգ˵ݺ͸ո˵Ҿúƣرˣڰаңȴͣһ֡Ǿʲôˣҿǵӣһӣ룬߹ȻѾˣ
Ƥڸľ˵ģҼǰңһ糣˿ĸı䣻ѡı䣬ͻоķظԼͳⳡ쫷롣
룬ƤĻ˵һҲ٣Ǿǻ֪ʲôûиңľ̫ڣʼվǶҵ̬ȺǹŹ֣ģƺڰңƺԹۣһʱҲ޷ǵĿģң뵽˺ܹؼһ㣬ľ̫ҵˡ
Ҳ˵һʼҲǲģ̫үԴľ̫̬ȣоľ̫һŮֱ˳˶֣
ԣ氵аæҲ˵˿ʵڵѾһ˻ˮ֮ˡ
˼ЩԽԽԶұĹ¡˳Ĺһֱ߽ȥԽ£Խһֺصĸоָоʶ룬ʧ֮صָоȻһģһҶʱһܲõͷĪܼլµĹҲǺԨһģ
ţɫѪĹľ׵յĵ֮ţɽǸطЩط۴˵һҪص㣬ڵºĵطѪĹԡĲԣܶʱΪⴿֻΪҲû˽ԵʣΪѪĹҲûҲգҾʵû˽طΪǵжʧܵġ
ѪĹյͼ˵ӦоŸĹģŸĹն۵һĹ֮УߣӦþѪĹĵĵط룬ƺֻȥ֪һƤѣֻܿеһĹ֮дתûҵڣҲȻûнӴѪĹܡ
ľҲһĵ¾ʲô˭Ҳ֪ʯͷƤȥ֪ɼأҲ²⣬طܿҲǺԨϵġ
ȥ⼸طΨе֮ţȥҲ˽֪࣬̽һ࣬濴Ԩһ֣֮ġǸطû´ĻӦǸӽӽԨĵط
ԨȻֻһ֣Ҽȷһڵµļ޷ĴڣΪ泶ʱ⣬ҾãѾóȥˡ
ҽ뷨ƻصܼլһĹ棬һԨϵ֮ȵһһ
뵽뵽̫үĻʱ˵һ޹ʹĻ˵ܼլլһģʱûôһ仰̫үҲûжӽͣǲǾͿ˵ҺܼʵͽĹ棬̫ү֮˵ʵܼһҲãػµĹ
ϸϸ㣬ҵĴʱܼǧ꣬ŮʱѾڵģܼܳܿһ֧ˣ뵽ܾòԣΪ޶˵뵽ڵ֮ĹǣдŶѰϣΪʲôм̳ȴ˿ҲûУ
ܲϳ˵̳֪ҲͰˣĹͽڵ֮˵֪ƭ˵ģΪʲôЩټ֮Уȴûǵİ㼣
Ұ뷨뵽һܹؼĵطǺۺʼʺҪһͬ㣬ǶѰҲҩ
Ǵ֪˵ȻҲѾע⵽ѪĹĽṹͰҾͿԿΪʲôȴûʼʵİ㼣
˵ʼʵ۶ڲҩѰҪΪ񣬶ͳһܳЩ̴ĴѾڵ治ûаǲͳȪļأǶ֪ʼʵɳǧͯͯŮȥԭУֺαԶѵĲ֪
ҾⲻܣҵĴԷٵתţҾϳ¹ܲĴڣ˵ͳһʼʵۣ棬϶顣
ҰҴѾһһ߼ûжϹŮ嵽ܣٵغٵϳٵŬֵ࣬һ߾ʮ˶飬ȻģһαһСǺȻʱƣһڱԽԽΪ֪Ҳ˵ܿܵʱŮ뷨ҪⶫԶʧʱĳ֮С
֪Ϊʲô뵽ʱҵͻȻ͵һҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻ֮һľĸоĪļ¶׽Ҵ˼лصʵ֮УʱҲͻȻ֣ƺѾĹſˡ
Ϊҿ˹⣡
Ǵǰĳ﷢ģյʮ־ɣһĵ󣬱һŮӵУŮӱ䣬΢΢Ƿվվҵǰųƣ֪ӦþǴ˵Ĺеִˡ
˵ĻĹˣܾܿһλΪĹ֮Уִߵֻеִ꣬һ㶼ǰ֮ǰȥִ߲¶ʮһվ룬Ķ࣬һĹյʮִߵľͷĹš
ҷ֣һĹţǽŵģƺûд򿪹һ


ڶٶʮ ʯӣ1
Ҷ˶ӣ˵ʵڵģЩִ߿Ȼʯ񣬵ȴ˵ò޼һ֣ǵ۾ʼնεضϣҼ˲һط㤡
ұ۾ȥǣǰȼߣҲŸ߳һҾ͸оԱߵĳͻȻ˻ΣΪҿҺִڵϵӰͻȻĪҡתͷִߣȻеĳҡΣҲǳƣڶģִߵ֡
ֱָֻƺոֻҵĴһԭ˿ĳƣȷأԵػζš
Ҳ̧ͷ࿴һִߣ̧ͷʱҶϵȴһ˫ͻȻĿһǻӦҾһκ˶ܴȥϽ뿪
ҵɴ۾ŵȷʯִߣȷԼûҲʱҲŷ֣ոտִߵڶҵĴЩִ߱ǻģ
ʶұܵؽ䣬ʱҲŷѾûκεûдʯͷذѾոյ˸ȥˣҵ佩£Ȼջִƺǿҵֻɫ糣ȴûжı飬ⲻҾЩŹ֣ȥһʯͷ˵ģôͻؾͻῪ˵ˣ
ʶ֮ٴβȷո˵ʲô
Ĺȴûһ׵Ĺ˳Ƶĵƹ⣬ľһİҲΪİȷԭģΪ֪棬ˣһŮˣոպ˵ģ
Ϊոִߵ˵Щ֣֮ĻǴԶһ뵽Χعһ⣬ΧȴûаԲεĵطҲٴѵҲ´ˣ
ʱֻоһӰҡҷֻһյأҡҷ˾裬ضųҡҷһִߣǳ˷ֳڻζ֮⣬һ糣
⾿ô£ʱͻȻԴһʲôѵҵһͷȥʱȴߵһִߵʯȻڿѣЩѷڶزȫǹһȥ쳣ɲҷӦһִ߾ͱʯ黩ɢ˵ϡ
ִ֮󣬽ϵĳơ顱һڵϣȻˤ飬ҺһأȴӵһӴڵȼ
ͻȻһҵĽ»ұܵ˼ȫĵشʱŷ֣ȥһĹȻһӾȼ
һһĹ̷ʲôʣ֮ĶǲͻȻ֮ܵĻġ
ֻһת۵ĹĶʮִ߾ȫûȥ·ѾһƬ𺣣ڸͽȥ
ϸ۲˵棬ֻڻ֮УϾǻһˮһЩ͵ĶҲ֪ʲôǻȷȼյҪԭ򣬵ҷֲԾΪһ֮Ҿýŵ¾Ȼ÷
ǴЬӵģ͸ЬҶܸе¶ȣҲ˵ǿԴȵġ
֪ʯģʯ崫Լôôͽ˳
ҿŵ棬ȻʶʲôһĹǽڣȴǽҲѾụ̀ʱҲŷ֣ʲôʯ齨ģһĹ
ͬʱ뵽ʧ֮ؿǣܼլµĹȻҲĺģһһĹ˵ʲô
ΪʲôĹҵڴһأȼ
ոһǲȵִ֮ڵĵ棬ĵһʮУֻҪо˴ȥͻᴥĻأĻؾӦִϣҲͿ˵ֲøոճƻĪػζǾΪرԵʣֻǣˣȴҲܽΪʲôһ˵
Ȼ뵽ʱֻڻͻȻһˣֻ˴ͬʱԵĻͻȻȫϨʱŷ֣ﻹųƣҲ˵Ȼִߣ
ͬʱתͷһۣҿȻһŮˣȴΪִߣ˵ֻǼðĶѣոյ˵Ҳ˵һ
һ֮󣬾ѸٵĹſڷɱȥƺ˿Щ棬濴߹ĵطϨ𣬶ϣʼնųơ
ҼĹſȥǱܵҲ׷ȥĻʵ̫ˣֻվڻԵʲôˣҪȥʲô
ȴҵĻδţֻɿصĹ⣬ȻƿĹš
ԭΪĹӦʮֺصľʯҪըҩըҿӺɵؾƿˣĹűƿ֮һһشŷ˽ȥĹٴαպϣѾʧĹź档
ֻڻ֮տȥû˿취ȥĹһɲǣֻƺ˵ûг޷ҵ·ģܿͲܴˣ
˵ʮֿ죬ָñȽԶҲû̫ҾƺʶҵģΪҾ˵Щ֮ǰһʲôǷҲСĶүĳƺһҺİĳνֻʵ̫죬Ҹû
ҷػͷһ仰ҡӡǡӡʲô˼ԺѰܺصĶȴʼʲôҲ벻Ҳã̧ͷٿһĹţ̧ͷһ˲䣬ȴ͵˵ǡӡǡʯӡ
Ϊ˵̫ԵʣʵķûзͻȻȷںʯӣеؾںң
ֶƺɻʲôˣΪʲôΪʲôẰҡʯӡʯʲô˼
ֻǵʯͷҺӡҲ˳ٰɵ˼ʯӣȻ˳ҵģǾʲôʯӣȴ˿ҲûһʱҾ;ÿʯָľһʯͷŮӺңȴҶ뷨˻ɣΪҾáʯӡһ⣬һ
֪ľŮ˾ΩһԼҲ˵ˣֻóƲſԽȥϾͲٴȥ֪Щҵľ棬ҿ˿ȼյĻ棬ǹ£Уһ·ĴŽȥ
ȥһŷ֣ĻѾҪϨƣֻĻ滹ȼգҵ棬ִȡ³ƣ˿ԥؾĹű߽ȥ


ڶٶʮ ʯӣ2
ߵĹűϵʱһִĹŲʯŶţƿʱΪ˽·ֹסȥƣȻܸ·һܸеĹϴҲ˵ȷһţʯš
ҲǺ׵ؾƿĹţȻҲЩأȴûбҷ֣Ĺ఼͹ƽӡǣǱʲôǿҳģҿЩӡǣԻµġ
Ҳ˵֮ǰѾ˽ǿҿĹţѾ˽ȥҿŮˣֻǺȥˡ
ֻͻȻúȻ֪ĹſԴ򿪣ҲɽȥΪʲôҪִߵģվȻǼִٰߣôﱾһִʯȥΪʲôȥִĹȴûдĻأ
ұѾƿĹţҴŷ߽ȥҽ뵽Ĺ֮ڵʱȴһĨǳƷģҿǰվһִߣ۾ҡ
ϾʶⲻִߣǸոսǸŮˣվĹ֮ؿңȽܳʱ䣬ȴûнȥĹ棬ţڵң
ϴһ飬Ȼҵȴüëʱŷ֣ҸոΪ˻ѾϴŵΩһ·
ŮȴܻؿҵţҿıͻȻ˼ּɫַҰ޹âһҸòŮɫ˰ɣ
ͷŸոջֻͳҿһĭҶֶǸúڲ
ʱҾԼ뷨ȷ̫үǶһЩʯͷԱ߾ͺһЩˣһҶǰŮˣˣҿʱؽ·Ҳˡ
Ҳ뵽Ů˵ѾҵϣҸеַǳʮֻ壬ͿʲôҺ壬ֱĸоֻһ˲䣬ҵžͱ˻ʹ
Ҳһ˲䣬ҿͫͻȻ͵͵˵һ㣡
ҵͷȥִĵطֻѾһƬ죬ֻһֵĲ״ҵϣһӦ˵һ̥ǣ
Ů˽̱ͫɱɫҿ̳֣˿Ҳ֪ǷѾʲôֻ̧֣ĵһͼٴ˳ҵֱֻѪܷӿŴƤ͵ֳҪѿһ
ֻоߵŵ۰ֱ۶ȼһһʧȥ֪
ŮȻ˿ȴû뿪ҿֻؿңȴҵأ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪ⣬ҷܼլԺҾǣô֪
ƺµûдϣǼ˵ԿףûǽȥĹ棬òҪҵĶģ
͵һҪ֪ˣǻʲô֪ģ
˵ţֻͻȻóһҼˣⲻҵʲôȻҵСԺｫ˳
ȴ˵㲻ȵĿ⿴ңⲻҴסóģҴԹһ˵ϵġ
ʶ֣ҾĿԸҲҪǰȴѾҰ˳ǸʱӰ룬ΰ͵ģ
뵽ʱ̵һû´ĻѾˣʱҲͻȻʶóģΪö黹ҵģҪռΪУûнҵıҪҲԽ϶֮ǰһǱҵķ䣬ҽ˳ȥʱҿԲ˵ҪҴʯͷذ׾У
¹黹ϣȴûȥӣҲӣΪҵųƣָû˿֪
ʱҲҵؿ֮ԻһͼȴȫΪԵʣҾͺϵĻҺйأϵʲô
ȴûлشңҿû֪ϣȻһתͷĹ˽ȥû׷ֻؿʧ档
εβʯӣֱҿصͼʧҵӲŽָ֪ʱҲŷ֣ոҹźƽ£ȴûؿڵͼô£Ҳµû֮ԺʯӣӦþͺؿڵͼйأΪͼʯͷǼǸνʯӺ񣬿˵ֱһģһ
ҾʱҵԺͻȻһܴ󵨵ͷŮ˻᲻ʯͷǵˣ仰˵ǖAӹĺˣ
ɺϵǣAӹŮģܼҲǲĻңôͲżȻ
ҲͿԽͣΪʲô֪ô£öҽǰ˿塪Ҳǡġڽҵʱ˵˵ö׷ݵܴʱô֮ǲǾ˵ܴи᲻ϵϵ
뵽ҾٴŮ˴߾һĴΪؿһʮҪǰʧųƣҲؾ͸׷ȥ
Ĺ棬ѾȫûαװĹ֮ʱĹαװʯҵӣǵĹ棬ѾеؿԿɺˡ»صʧ֮֮еĸоָоֻǳһ˲ĹΪǲһֲһȴֻһǱеֱ
ǰ˲ã͵˶ңʱҶ˶٣Ҳ֪ҸֱȥĹһǶң˼ãһͣ档
Ҳ󣬿ǳϵǣڶҲһڹľһʯףҵ룬ҳ֮ûĶƷҲûһһ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôһʯףΪҵ˵һǲйľģһһЩƷһЩܹصƷڵ˵ʮֺʹһǲᵽöģΩһôжĹģϢ
ڣƾһʯףȴһͷҲûУΪҸ޷ʯ֮пһĹĹģ֮󣬷Ҿһͷˮ
վʯǰҪҪʯ׿ΪԹǸ֮˵ڶҪҵĶһʯʲôûУĪⶫ棿
ǽƷڵϣȻʯȥʯ׵Ĺ׸ǣȴ֣ƿ


ڶٶʮ ʯӣ3
ʧǣʯʲôҲûУƿʱܻһ߸ʬһˣһ
ȷʲôҲûУһʯףҲЩյؿһңҲͬǰʯһһ
Ϊȷһʧҽ׸Ƶףʼǰ㣬ȷǿյģҿյþͺûзùκζһΪһùĺۼҲûУʱµĺۼ
ʯûУȴڹ׸Ͽ˶Ϊҽ׸ȫƿһ˲䣬ŵһ޵ĸʬζţҾͿҺɫʯһǳɫӡһָͷָӡ
ǣҲ˵֮ǰѾ˶棬ҴʯףܿѾĶǣָӡ֣Ҳ̾ʵֻǼٰ˺һģһǸ˶ѣǸʼնڣңҲǽһĹ֮Уһ
뵽Ҿٲ֮ͣأҵøϽȥĹУĶҲûˣԼߵһͷײ
ҼҲųƾʹӶû˶ҹһӦĹңȻ֮ǰǸĹ壬ǴͽṹϵĹӦһģһĲŶԣܽ˶۹۹ⶾˣвԾͻ˿ȥҲͲԻ˶ˡ
Ȼϣչһ֮ѾĹңߵĹſڵһ˲䣬ֻеһ쳣ķͻشγ¡ĺһ͵شһսһعһΧԼ֮⣬ΧûһѵЩѾнȥˣ
ЩëëģΪոǹɭԵʣڼʹǰǵɽҲҪȥҽøЩһգ̤˽ȥ
һṳ̂ȥѾԭأΪ͸ƵĹҿǰǵذ壬һ͵壬һֻһֻŵʯͦţЩʯ޹ţÿһÿһ֮䶼˴Լаҵľ룬ʯ׸ߵӣһ߾ߵİ׹ǣǵӶѾᴩҴ¹£Щһװʯţȥǻ治ûˣһᱻᡣ
ҵĽžڿУһĭջʱҲ֪Ϊʲô˸о쬵ģô棬䶼ѹ֡
֮ҿóһӶɵĻأʯһÿԲȥģ
ֻڵ涼һƬʯȥ֮ããһƬųϸգȴ޷ͷ
ֻǴȷһʵҪȥĹĵһء
ڿ龰֮ҵ滮һһ˳һĪĽš
֮һһΪȻĻأҲ˵ĹҲôýȥģô֮һлȥõȴĪŵԵɣΪҶǰһҲûУԺֵܳƽⷽʵ֤ԽǿȥȴԽ벻
Һȷһ֪Ļƽġ
Ĺſھվţһط⣬أͬʱҲĵһĪĺ£ں£Ҳôҳֽ˭ļϣ
֪һ֧飬ҲѾˣҺʯͷѾûڵˡ
ҲµûĻ֧ˣҲѾ˳뷨ʹţȴһ
ų޵ĹſһȦϽĿܼĵطһ飬ͼʬǵķֲҳĹɣʵ֤ʬǼֲκεطҷһɣǰʯµʬر࣬ʬǣȥĿģҲ֪жҪȥĹ棬Ӷ
ҴʬǵķֲϺԿԿһ㣬˼޷߹ȥʮϵʯΪ֮ʯ漸κһʬףУҲֻżһߣҸȷأǰ򵥣ǰ˶ˣûһҲȥ
ĸӣǴſѾѵ֮İ׹ǾͿԿǼûнȥپѾ棬εһָܵˣͨˡ
ҿЩ׹ǵʱһһֵ󣬾ЩʯӰӣҴһǶȥǰһʯӰʼնںʯϣһһ٣ȷһƵĻأң͵Ҳһ仰ǸŮ˵ûгƣ޷ȥĹġ
˵ģǲǾأ
뵽һ㣬̽һЩĹſص߶ţ۾ȴʼնʯӰڿϣı仯֮УҿԿһЩʲô
صһȦ֮ȴЩʯص֮⣬ûбļѭһֵ˵ʵʲôҲ
ΪÿһʯӣûһرĴڣôҲֻ˵Ҳһ⣬ֻߣһϵĲֶѡ
ҪҵģЩʯҲȥһ·ߵĹ档
룬ǸŮҴųƣôؾһͳйأ뵽ҲһҽʼûһֵŮˣҾͲִһյƽûгƣҿ϶޷ȹһƬ÷׮һĻصģ
ĹƵǶôľϸһһģмвأٱĹȥ֣Ҫϡ
ڰһѺͬʱҵ۾ʼնһƬʯڵƹҫ£ƺһƬʯƺţȴЩץס᲻Ϊⳤƹ̫ԵʣҴӱóֵ磬ֵĹâȳƵĲ֪Ҫ϶ٱҾͷ֣صȷǽҲġ
Ϊҽֵ򿪵ʱ֮࣬ǰĵطҲԿˣȴͽйȴ˿û⾳˵⾳Ȼָڳҫҵеֱһֵ֣һƬʯӰӺܲȫʱÿһںʯϡ
龰ҹֵ磬룬Ҳصˣ棬ҽĹҲ棬ôƿصĹؼյơ
ңҼرֵʱҲڽֵջͬʱյĹұϵʯڣҿʯһ֣ӣƺǸողſȥģҲܲ
ҿһֻۣдһ仰


ڶٶʮ ʯӣ4
ֻдšƷڵһʯϡ
ȷЩǸողſȥģԵһܿʵʯм
ҴЩֵȥĻЩᣬҲǺܸվѾԿ϶ǸŮһ仰ʾ
ҹֵ磬ϸϸǰʯһʮŸ࣬ΪʯĿżĻôҪһЩ鷳ĻôҺ׾Ϳҵһʯ
Ϊ˱ҷֱ߸˾Ÿʯȷмһ֮СؽƷȥ
ҽƷȥ֮һֱ۲һƬʯʲôı仯ֻʯֻųƵһʯȻ³ȥһЩʯȥʱֻƬʯϳһܹľ⾰ҺϿһ굽ʱ򿴵龰һģһڹĲ֮ͬ£澹Ȼһ·һͨǱΧЩĹ
֪ԭӦúϿһģҸ͹˲ϸϸȥľΪ֪ʱƣ·ʧұʧ֮ǰ뵽Ĺ֮Уڻ֪Ƭʯ־ж೤ܲ޵ʱꡣ
ҿһ۳ƣǿŲһ·һͨϵĵһʯϡ
˵ʵûгƣ˭֪Ƭʯ֮оȻһͨһۣͨһԹһƬʯ棬ҪԼȥߣûа취ġ
ҲѹֲǰžôЩ˶ͷһ
ҲЩһŲʯϣûκβһȻһֻŲһʯϡ
Ϊʯʯ֮аҵľ룬ÿʯֻݵһֻţҾͱʯϣ˵ֻҪҲȿһô˾ͻʧȥ֧ȫȫϣᡣ
СĵؽſڱȽһ֮ڣȥֺʵҲ޷ȥΪһһֻͨʯÿһʯҶһǰһزŽȥҲ˵Ҹûжѡ
£Ҳӿ˲ӣһʧ֮ǰ˲Զַ֮һܲԾĵطΪյƸ޷䵽򣬶ҿ˿ĵطʯƵĹֻһ֡
Ҳ˵ֻܱǣһλãʯģû˳ָͨҽȥǸʱ򣬹һֵͨҲʧôҾı룬ǽ˲ãҪұҪһվʯ벻ܶ
ҲЩ룬ڵĴڸ߿߸˿һвͻǣҲòÿһСڿʼ֮ǰӦüƻý֣ȴԽֺްա
ôһ˲䣬˻ȥĳ嶯תһ룬һĻֻֻһΣĹĳƼѾֻʣеһյǸŮһյҹƣһյӦѾõˣҲ˵ҷȥҾƸһʾҲûˡ
ҧҧǰߣ복ɽǰ·˵ͨľͷֻµʾҲ˵һ
֪ǶǵѾʵ㣬ôҲֻ˵ˡ
ҷ˺ôľߵͨľͷǰûκεĹҲ˵ƵʾѾΪֹһ˫ŷֱʯϣһ·߹رȾȻԼУõҲܲˡ
ȻƵʾΪֹôһʾΧûбʾʲôһһ⣬ȴʲôҲûп
һԼ԰һЩȻҵĴͻȻһܴ󵨵ͷҲ֮ЩʯѾûлˣ
νʵϣʵʵд٣ǶΪһǻأٲһʱƣԽԽվסΪʼղԽ׳һԭջΪ֧֮С
濴˿Ȼǰŵʯ֮䣬ʬ࣬ȻֻȼߣܵҲѾ˲õϧȴûгһ׳ء
ͻȻص˺˲ǰʵĻأôһأ˵ˣԼԼȥҲ⵽ʵֻҪܹԼһأκѶѡ
뵽ҹٲԥһžͲһʯϣȻ
ʯûκα仯һӴһֻŵֱֻŵҲһû֮Ҳŷĵؽֻȫ̤ȥȻһʯߡ
ʵ֤ȷһ㣬ʯѾͨʯûʵϵĻأֻԼԼµϡ
Ȼû˻أȴܻ谵ҵͷѾûˣֻʣֵ磬ҽֵϣǰߡ
ҿ˿ǰ棬ʯȻ뵽棬Ǻľ룬ѾԿǰһĹſڡ
ҵĽ̤ƽĵ棬ҪȿʼĵطҪֵ֮࣬ȴоŸڣҲ˵о·ȥ
֪ŵֻһȷģĶٲ壬пɳǿᣬ󣬻߹ľʯȵȡ
һ˳ӦþǵڶأվھŸĹſϸع۲žŸڵĲͬ沢ûбǡ
뵽ҲͻȻȻһֱһط֮ǰһɻȫǶһصʾҽͨ״ҵʱͨΪʲôҪȦӽע⵽״ŸڵĴ𰸡
ϸͨ״ڵƾż佫״ЩдĸNҾһĸΪĹûӢĸʱ
һʲôԭʾ߼ȻĹƳһ壬ôغ͸ոյӦþйŶԣǾʲôһʱ仹Ҳϵһ
һظʾǴҵͨ˳ʲôʾҲûУѵҲڳ棿
ƵĻϸоӺ͹ŴĹƺ񣬵Ǵʽ˵ûкĵطҾĻؼȻǻ۵ģôƾֻӦһصʾصʾӦһ֮С
ھŸֻⲽһԺȴҴӿʯ뵽龰ҼÿһϸڶҵԺطţұץסеûһϸڣҾʾҲѾӵϸ档


ڶٶʮ ʯӣ5
źNйصĺӻʾǽʾ֭Ҷ޷ҵ𰸣Ϊչ˼ϰߣһõĶǴдĺ֣Բǰ֣ҾһͣǺNƵҲûС
ҳ˼Ƭ̣Ҳһ˵ԼԼһ󵼣йĻʾֵķܶ࣬뵽͵ʶɵ֧
Լ룬ҾͿԷ֣NԺƣǸ״֮һҪԳһЩ˵Ǹͨ״ҲһĸZ˵NֻΪҿķλת90Ķѣ
Ҳ˵һظʾңұ켺ɹбʾڶλôҲĵڶӦȷġ
Ÿͨû򣬵Ȼƻصɵ֧ķİʾôӦҲͻĲ룬ΪĻһ㶼ԱΪҲ˵ߵĵһӦþǵһҵηֱ涫ϱ
뵽ʱȴĪش˸սΪҵСԺҵݶʱһϸڣҿڱĶУһĶָ롣
ʱʵҲȣΪµʲôָǱشĶһɽĹָ򣬶ָһѰѨزٵĶԵʱȻҲû⣬Ͼָ֣룬ûʲôġ
ʱûʲôҲʲôԷģڴ˾֮£Ǻܴɵ㡣
֮ԻͻȻһսΪͻȻʶ֪ǻõⶫҰ˵ôӦ֪ĹӣȻӣָĹȻȫʧЧģҲ˵֪һطõָ룬Һָ룬Ҫá
һ˵ǣʯͷȵȵĸȻȴɺҳһģһģȻǱģôͲָЩһȥңҲ˵֪Ҫָ룬ΪĹϵԭ
ԽԽһľߵЩˣһͬһÿ˶Ե˿򵥣ҽԼĿĶĵףȴֻǹõĹߣ
ڲȥϸЩʱҴӱٵóָ룬ȷ÷λȻߵָָŵһˣӵڶڽȥ
治ҲһĹ¾ɵζҿжϣ漸û˽ǳüû˽
֮Ҫϡ֣Ϊ֮⣬˶ĹָƵģ罨ĹˣһЩͬһˣǸصŮˡ
Ĺ֮ҸоĹľͷӦþĹڣĹӦûһأҲ˵ҲĹҵһء
й˵ֻһܽĹҵĴԣҲΪһصĹϵ
ĹľͷҿͬɽһľڣҲ˵ΪֹѾ·ߣ˵Ѿһǰ
ҶȥжϣҴ¿ȷ治һڵµɽһͬɽһľʯҺܿĹҾͽ棬ľ룬һըҩ޷ը
ȻըҩǻԵĶҪըĻҪôըҪôĹұըͬʱԼҲ棬˵׼Ĺ滹һͬھĻشڣʲôһжֻҵĲ²⣬ΪھǰҪҵȥĻء
Ȼ˵ֻҿԽȥô˵ӦúйأеĶĿǰΪֹ֪ģ޷ǾĵͼԼոյ֪ؿڵͼ
ԿףĺؿڵͼһѪı־Ȳ˵Ҫν⿪أôĻʲôط
ǲҲǰǰ㣬ҪҽָȥһȽϿмλýȫʯϣҿԸеʯϴ͸ǵıϣҸеֱ۵ѪҺƺͻȻӿ죬ǿԸеΪѪٵѹȸУȴһϲҲ¶ˣ
Ȼֺоʯ沢ûһ仯ȴоֱֻȴԽԽأҸоһͼѾ³֣ΪҵּѾȫʧȥ֪һ˵ͼֵʱҵֻ϶ݵʧȥ֪ĿǰҶһ֪
Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻһ¡¡ڶָֻŵľͻȻһߡһһӣʯʱҿԿһʯҲڻҲ˵ƸӾɸӣؿʯһӡ
֪һĻضһʱƣѾһĹһ߽ͨȥߵڶʯλʱһ¡¡ǴģһͷȥҺһʯѾѹζˣÿߵһʯʱһͻȫѹ
һʯҲѹѾһȾ޴ʯ֮ǰ
ʯ֮ǰ׶ޣƻǻ֮ǺܶҰ϶ɵӣҴûм
һȾ޴ʯ֮ǰʯŵһȾʮʮߣǰһ΢СϣһǺԥȥƿҾûܳ
ʱͻȻһҿǸŮˣ˵ȥ֮ǰ׼ûУ
һعͷʣʲô׼
Ҳ֪֪ûκ׼ȥ粻ȥ˵
ҿ˵ǺܺЦҪ׼ԼҲ֪Ҫ׼ôֺ׼
Ҫ˵Ҫ׼֪طʱ򣬻ҾҪʱҾѾȫ׼ãȴҡͷ˵ǣ˵ȥ棬עȴһ⡣
Ҳ֪Ҫ˵ʲôֻǿҾԵ޹ʵͻȻֺ˵ЩûߵĶܼﲻɫչȴû˵ֻ֣泯ңҿϣҲһͼȴǺȫͬͼ
ھͬʱ˵һˣ˵ǵʹһģȴǲͬģ˭֪أʯӣѡκ˶ͬһ·ԣ㲻ȥҲû˻㡣
ƺʲô˵Щȴ޵زÿһ仰һ֮УϸϸζĻԽĦԽǻл
ȴ˵һֱҪ㣬㾿һʲôˣڼˣʧҲо棬Բһѡ
ʣһ·϶ʾûĽ
˵⻰Ƿĵĸлȴ˵ûҲ֣Ҳ˳Щǰֵһᣬѣѵסĵߣ
ͻȻһĿ⿴Ͼֳƽɫ˵ֻ꣬˵˵İһָҪҲһָһѡָȥĹ֮벻ȥĺ
ʣĹʲôΪʲôҽȥ벻ȥôҪ
ֻǿһۣȴ˵ȥ֪̽Žʼջţ÷ڷ÷Ҳᷢ
ʣʲôǸ÷ģʲôǲ÷ģ
˵÷ľ۾ʵʵ統ʹȥûĻ÷ģʼţԶ࣬滹Ҫȥ̽
ʣҽȥأ
˵ȥҲףҲʲôҲ޷ı䣬һԿ϶˻Ϊľ
ͻһ˭
һһ˵ʯةӡ
˵ֲ㲢û̫ѡأ㲻ȥʯةӡҲΪӹɵģԣȥֻ岻һˡ
ʯͷǱͨһ˵ʯͷҲģ
ͻȻĬһֱ˼ţǴؿң˵һִֵˣ㲻·ҵһе࣬ҵʱҲһвᷢʯӣ޷ҵ
˵ͷߣʣΪʲô㾿ʲôˣ
ͷҲص˵˵ҺһˣʯӣŹһʱƲˣԥ̫ã˵ϣǡ
ȴû˵ȥҾٿʱȴѾˡ
˵һʱѾ˲ٹһҪȥģȴǴҪʯͷͷΪԼҲ˵ˣֻҪҵվȾ޴ʯ֮ǰΪĲ𣿣
ҺԥƿʯţʯźأʹȫƣڿʯŻƿ
ʯѾƿݵһ˽ȥһ֮̾˽ȥȻʯ¹رգ뵽һƬڰ֮С


ڶٶʮ ʯӣ6
һƬڰ֮еͬʱֻһһģһ˵ˣ
ͱңԶĸӿĲһһصײҵԺҾǰĺڰһƬɫ˿УһعҺҪϢһ㡣ҵĴһƬ㱣ֻеһѣһ˾ȥ
ҽзģȴֲзġ
ѹĵһͷѹʱֻԼʧһһƬհףǺһǰһ̻ܼլĵĹ
һһ⣬ȴҽԺҲ֪ΪʲôҽԺҸ֪ΪʲôҽԺ
ǵãҽȥʯź棬һһģһǺ£Ҿȫʧһ
ȴڻЩʱ򣬶侲쳣ģҲ˵ûƽʱǰ㼱ͽţʶԼʧ䣬ɱ򾲡
ԼþȣΪҾãƺͻȻ֮ǱһһʱҲŷ֣Ҵ֡
ҽְ֮ûһˣҰεϵĵƿʱʱȴ˽ˡ
ûв´ӦޣҲһŲ¥Ǹˡ
ѾȴҲûоȵɫֻ˵ˣ
ôôҲ
޿һۣȻߵͷ˵壬Ȼ˵㻹£֪֪
ҲЩ㵣ѵҲȥĹ棬;òܣΪȫǽȥģǣģҲпԽȥͼ
޵ȼһ֧̣һ֧ҪҪҲ̣ǳڰ֣Ȼ˵֪ǰһҹܼѾ׿ˣûˡ
˵һ̣Ȼ³һʣܼôˣ
˵ڵǱǰࡣ
û˵ʲôֻû˵
˵û壬Ҳ˵ܼѾˣȥ֮⣬һҹ֮Ѿȫʧˡ
ҾЩ˼飬Ǽʵʲôһ˵ûоûˣ
ȴһۣ˵ܼҵĴڱΪ˵µĹĹˣôȻҲûдڵˡ
Ҵ޵¿һЩ˵ºйأǰµĹѾˣΪҽȥ
Ļ棬һȻǰ£ôѾһһҹΪԣѾǰˡ
ʣҵҵģ
Ҳ֪˵ǲʵ˵ԺһԺҵʱ㼸ѾûкˣҽԺʱҽ˵ѾˣֻǲģҽԺȣһϣϣͻȻˣȻ΢ǻˡ
ţҲ˵ҵҵʱѾĹˣһΪʲôԼȴ֪ʲô£
޽֧̳꣬Ȼ˵ĴΣգȻûκ˺㣬ãĵƺԼ
˵ζҿ˿ȴʲôҲû˵˵ͷ
ʱ򣬻ʿˣǿʿĵһۣҾĺСΪʶĹǸŮˡ
װ˿Ҳʶҵģֻǽ𱸵ôԼֺ͵ƿˣ֪֪㻹ڹ۲ڣ
ֻεЦЦޱؿǣΪ˲˻ɣҲװʶʿģ¸Ҵȥ
˵־˰ɣѾҪˡ
ʿû˵ŪõƿʰЩͳȥˣҿ뿪ո˵ĹĲͬ룬᲻˲һˣ
ʿߺ޲ż˵ˣǾͳ
ʣȥ
˵Ҫȥľײ𣿡
ʱҲҺȥܼլĹ棬ԭҪȥľ׵ĵͼģǵ֮ȴû뵽ɼһǣô
ҾֵǣΪʲôҪȥľף
ʱ޲˵ȥϿ֮ǰʯͷϵң˵ûܴϿȻ㣬˵ϵĵӱأһӦ
ԭʯͷİ֣֮ǰһһֱڰɰǵô룬ǵҲҲĹѾֹֻĿǰһ֪˭
޵˵ʯͷ˵ԸһҺܿ϶˵ʯͷġ
ȴ˵Ȼˣô˭ܻȻ֮⣬Ӳ
ǺʯͷйԵʣҾ˵˿ûб飬һǲκУȻ󲻵˵ģ˵ѾˣĴ壬ָֻĲࡣ
ʱ֪ٿ֮䣬ʲô£˵ҵܼҿˣ¼ҲѾһɢɳҺһãֻҲЩȥֻǻûˡ
¼ô£ҵ֪˻ʵݣлһʸϾǡġһ֪Ķû˵
˵үͻ嶼ʧˣ¼ǵĻҲЩµȥˣǳ¼ʱµأԲѰǾ˵Ҳǵ١
Ȼ˵ôҲòϣȥľ׵ȷֻܿˣȴȥ֮ǰȥһҡ
Ұ뷨Ⱥ˵ˣȻʯͷѾңôҺҲûʲôŵģƺЩ죬֪֪Ҿϵ£ʯͷ֪֪
ڻ˵ͷһŶʱըȥĶùƾȥҲҼ㡣
Ҿ⻰˵Σ˵ģŽ͵˵ܼҺͳ¼ǾΪ̫ܵԵʲŻᱻ³˵˵˲ʲôģָߵһֱڰпӣǴѹңҲ˵˺ңȴҲҷչ׳
Ƿޣ𣿡
һֱףǳɳǱߵˣΪҲԸҾ֣Ҿϣʯͷ˵ǺܴҾãҲиڵ顣
ƺҲʲô˵£ͲҲŪ۶ү£ϾգҲѾʮˣ
Ҿ˵ҲڵҲйأȤҲ˵۶үڳɳǱߵģǺΪ˽˶ѵҪҵ۶ү˽̵Ǽ
ȴû˵ֻǿңĬ˺ܾãҾǲ˵Ǳ㲻ʣʱȴ˵ʵףһ۶ү


ڶٶʮ ʧ䣭1
˵ʱ޵ֻͻȻóֻһӣҿֻĻڷȴӵ绰ԥһãǰ˽ҸôԶ绰һ˵˵ʲôȴʼնţһ仰˵˺һ˵֪ˣ
Ȼ˵绰绰˵úţȺЩǾͳʱ䲻࣬ǵ鲻𡣡
ҳͷ˵е±Ҫ뿪£ûʲô£˵뿪˲
ֻʣһˣȷѾȥ֮ҽϵĵƿ°εȻӴڳҵԼ·һһϣڳҵҵıϣѾˣ﷭һȴڱ
ҽ²䣬Ȼٿ˿ȷûʲôҪĶŽ·Żص֮УӱȷҴסңҿԼװȻͷӲ
ҴӲ֮һ·¥ݿߣûг˵ݣֱӴ̨һȥ
ҪȥܼլΪҾЩû˵ôһ壬ôһҹ֮˵ûûˣҼûˣһЩѰʲôûеӡ
ҴҽԺ֮ڴŷ޷ģȻûǮôҲֻ·ȥ߳һ֮ͻȻһȻңСĶүСĶү
һͷȥһɫγ̽ͷңȴʶھ̵ʱȡҵΣֻ˵ҽƻҵģСĶүҪȥҿһ̣
һ仰Ѿ˵ݣҲ״ҵǣһȥһˣҺԥߵǰҵߵʱƻѾ˳ţȥŷֳ˾֮⣬һˡ
ƻڸϣںھԡ
ҿͣӦаʮˣϳֻһۣȻ۾ֱָֻӣȴ˵Ҫȥܼլլ
ҲΪʲôʣֻ֪һѽ͸ҵ˼ڵȷҪȥܼլ΢룬ҿԺȥܼլұȥһණұȥһ
˵ȥܼլ
㲻˵ȴƻ˵СĶүܼլѾȫˣҶĻҲˡ
ʣȫʲô˼
ƻ˵㻹֪ɣǰܼլʧһլӶչˡ
ҵһȫչˣ
ƻһʧģңСĶү㻹ȥ𣿡
Ҷ˶ȻָѰɫ˵ʹһȥ
˭Ҳû˵ҸеѾڳܼլߵʼնû˵ҾǲżȻǿҽԺſڵҡ
֮ҼѾƷ֮ǰ˵ĻҲûбҲ෴ǵӣǼңҲ֪ԼҪʲôΪԼڶҵģľףܼլĹǸطЩͷһҵԺ֮УһҲһ̣ȫû˰⡣
һֱܼլڳѾԿճһ̷ܼլĲҲ˰ء
һ˳ƻû³ʱƻ˵СĶүʲôѣֱҾУֻҪܰæģǶǣ
ҸмؿһۣȻ˳ӾȥվһƬܼլ֮ǰȻ˽ȥ
լӼѾȫջˣľ̿һķ˵ɢţӴĴһϦֱ֮ʵĹ濴̫үҲܼҵĸѾעˣȴû̫үиûĹҵκζҾһУҶǵˡ
һֱܼլ߽ȥȷǴԺģΪԺСԺûбȫջ٣ȽԺͬһĲкԺĴСԺֻյһǣܶԺǽȱ
ƺЩԾԽԽòԾֻԴЩۣر̫ѨһֱڡͻͻͣҾƺʲôһĪĸоƺҪȥһطرǿңǺԥסСԺȥǵȴط֣סСԺһ㶼ûյõģ˷ɵһЩ֮⣬һҲޡ
ҼæƿԺţԺȴƲŷ֣סСԺסˣҲ˵ҵԺ
ʱ룬˺ȻþȫһϣȻֻ顱һԺű߿ҹ˲߽棬ԺһһԺһ㶯Ҳޣֱ
ӵȴûбϣ׵ؾƿˣȥ֮һһӣ沢ûˣҷҷŶĹӣҷĶڣ˱Щװ˽ȥȻڼϡҲƿ³ֻڻڡ
ȻڻڣôҲ˵µĹڣΪʲô˵µĹѾٵĻ
ȥ֮ҲŷûдƣǶںڰѾҲûЩ㳯߽ȥ
Ҳ߳һͻȻһͷֻͷͻȻպϣȻ¶Ҽ̻Ǿʱڰдһˣ
һңԶĸһ㣬ԺǸغһͻȻֻص˵µǸĹ棬ʯ֮ҵĶ
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źһģһҶ𣺡֪㲻ʧԼģ㻹ˣ
ԺƺʲôʣʲôʧԼ֪Ҫ
Ĭ˵֪ʲôʱ𣿡
һ㶣һûע⣬żȻǰϻԲѵģǰ7ţӦ9ŲŶԡ
˵9ţ
ȴںڰ֮е͵͵ЦȻôħһ˵7ţ˵ģǺ죡
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ҿ˵Ѿ˵Ϊ߽һǣ
ܼլĵĹﾹȻһϿȷһ㣬Ըıʱ䣬һθı䷨ȴ֪
Щʱ˵Ż7İ죬ڸʲô


ڶʮ ʧ䣭2
7ŵİ죿
ŻΣֻǵһƺ˺ܶ飬ȥ˵ݣʣ֮ڵݼһʱ䡣
ӵݻ֮ȥסпһκǹƬƵ֣ȵȵһϵеĽ飬һԼûκεϾܼլĪתһһ
ֻһĹͻȻ˵ʱһãһ˵ʱ䣬Ҳžʵ̫ͻȻˣҺʶ첻ʱ䣬ΪҵԵʲŵ
ҾͺȥĹңԹ˵ʵԹ;һĵطҶûŪ
һػ龰Ŵҵ˼˵㶼𣿡
ҵͷȴ֪ΪʲôҪʣҲ֪Ҫһ龰ʲôĿģ˵7ţҲ˵ʱǵûߣ˲ɣ
Ȼʵ𣿡
ȴҡҡͷûдϰߣ谵ҿһƣȻ˵7ʮʮ֣ܲʱ
˵ʱһЩǲ壬ΪʱʲôȴЩ벻ȴܼµʱҾûмǴĻǶʱӦڵڲһЩǸʱûмǴĻӳȥʱ
ǵģӳȥ֮һǵʱ˵СĶүѾʮˣϢȥЩԵģϾͻ
˵仰ӾͳȥˣһǸ¾ɵĵûмңǵȷϢһ֮Ҵ˸ӻҺѵġ
ʱһһӡ󣬵ӱʲôҲû˵ֻ˵СĶүǿһθЩԲɣ
˵ٺ١سЦʵҵʱһҲֻۣĪؾͺ˯Ȼ˯˹ȥ
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Ȼ˵ôСĶүɼǵ˯˶೤ʱ䣿
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ʱȴ˵СĶүʵһʮ֣ҸոոʱǴġ
仰ͻȻ͵ضôһ£ȴ֪ΪʲôͻȻ֮ľĸоҿĵطֻӻ谵л߳Ȼϵıңҿ˿ϵʱ䣬ȷһʮ֣һš
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ƺ֪ʲô˵ϸ
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Ҿ㵵̧ͷҵͷȻ˵Ҹով˵һʼѾһǡ
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ںľϾص˼ԺﲻظʮʮʱΣȻͻȻʶ˵ʮڵѹʮҽԺѹǲ˵ڵ˯֮ȴҽԺѹģ
˵Ļôоġνͣ
ҾѾˣҲŲӣ˵Ž»صʵ֮У˵һ֡
̧ͷʱʱȴѹѾû˵Ӱӣֻһںľ׻ڷȴѾ֪١
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һһѻŻعֻɻںڰ֮Уҵ˼Ѿ׻˻Ϊ֪ʯŵĺ棬Ĺ档
ҾЩת˼·ȷھΪһǵҸոƿʯţȻ߽ȴ֪Ϊʲô֮ҾȻһЩ龰
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ȻʣѾҵһģһôӦþǺҳһģһǸ˲Ŷԡ
ǰĹﶼصҵĽŲĺڰ֮Уҿκζܸоʲôڡ
Ҳǰһ͵ʶոյǸѾûˡ
ոճֵҵĻþһ͵ػعȴʼǷĴڹ
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Ű˰⿪أ˿ҲޣʱҲ֪ӦǳûˣΪʲôû磬Ѿ뵽һЩߣϿΪԵʣҵֵǲġ
ҵıָ룬ٵֵ磬ѾҾʲô㡣
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ո˵һѾˣôʱ䣬һֱһԣһ㶯ûС
˫ȥһä·һǰȥȻֻһܽôĶӦûң̫ү棬ҿ֪һʮҪûʵ廯Ķȴһ
̽һǰߣͻȻֻ𡰺䡱һֻһͻȻ


ڶʮһ ʧ䣭3
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͸ˮ棬ҿǺҳһģһǸˡ
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Ҳ˵Ҵܼլ֮µĹ½뵽ʯ֮УѾ϶طһģһģһ
½˼ص֮ǰĲ²֮УɫѪĹľףǸطĸطĸԵȵĴڣȴµĹ뵽ľ׵ʯ֮УǺ˵
뵽ʱ͵һͷҲʱҵȷӺȥľףҿʯҵʱȴѾľˣ
֮ԻΪʯľףΪڽȥ֮ǰ񿴼Ů洵ĵŮ洵ŰҶݵԵʡ
ʱҾһֱڲ⣬ΪʲôӵŮ洵Ĵȥ֮ȴǵôСһʯ棬ƺһЩΪһڣʯڣ
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ʼղǣΪʲôĵطȴǷźҳһģһˣǡġӣ
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һǺʶոյֻǸΡ
˵εĻҲʵ̫һЩÿһٶᣬҾЩһ
߽һ˵ƿʱʵʿǼˣ
ҿһۣش˵9ţ
9ţ7ţ
һȷһΣһǲģʵʲôʱ򣿡
ʿ˿˵һʮ֣Ƕ˰ɣ
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˵9ţѾһˣ˰ɣڵȱԶ
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޵Ҳţ˵ƬƬˡ
֪ҪƬһŲ¥ʱϧǧҲҪƬƬ˳ҲȻ£ҾܽѪۺͭѾǺܲˣΪҲ޼Ѱ
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˵꿴ҵĿ˵ҼƻͶأ
ʵҾҵѾûд춯ҲǿԵġ
ҵͷʾû£Ŷҵ˵Сģȥֻȫˣ


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ڶʮ ʯǽӰ1
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ֱӴ壬ȴڳһͣû˵ԭҼ˵Ҳûʣ͸һס
޼ʮΪĿ̫ӴԵʣǲòŵģһİ֮ס
˵ʵҾӺܹ죬һ˵Ĺ죬ӴưܺԭʼϢΪӶʯ齨ģЩʯǳ޴ҹÿһ޼ǧءʮ˼ңľ׺Ӷڿľ׺ӵһ˵ĺӴϣŷˮʯǽ
ڿӱߵʯǽʱ뵽ϿȵʯͷǱϵʯǽҲŲһʯǽʲôʯǽʲô֮
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ֻǽ֮ҷҼǸŮ˾Ȼڴ棬ʱǸպýôպôһǾǡÿˡ
ԣҿҲңҲ֪⾿ɺϣҿ֮Ҿƺ򵥵ӡ
ƺѾϰ˽ӴĹ۹ͣÿÿ⽨һʯЩ۹ס֪ǵʵݣ᲻ؾȣҾʮһȫסǹӽһĿǰ֪޵Ĵ㣬ҾãȻѡס£Ǿû˺ġ
Ϊ˭֪Ǵ˴жʱ䲻࣬޲ƽ޹˷ʱ䣬ԣҪϢ߶
֮ԭΪ޻סһ䣬ʵ֤˹Ļƻĸ˻סһ䣬ȴһסһ䣬ȻʯݽĲرĸӦסĸ˵ģҲ֪Ϊλţҷ֣ǺĻһסġ
Щ֮Ѿ֮ǰë꣬ڵʮֳסȻ޲˵ûжĻôȻԭ
Ұ۲סʯݣλûϿӵģȻ˵ģʵҲģΪľ׺ӽģԴӾźӴһ·״ϸҾϸε롣
ҵҪһЩҵ滹һ˼ң¾ʯǽʯǽǺӴɳ̲ľ׺ӡ
Ҽ޵ˣסʱǼҵ˶һ棬үӺΩһĶްΣްθչŵϱҲΪܼҵĹǸŮˡ
ҶԵغǴкΪ˲˻ɣװʶŮ˵ӣȻҲʶң治ʶǼٲʶֻԼ֪ˡ
ްһЩճƷ̸ްκ̸ܽұϾ壬˸ģرͺ۾ôһ˲䣬ҾҼͭ˾ôֵơ
ҵһЩȤܿҺްξһѾϲ˵࣬˵ǵӽаӴ壬治಻ٸպʮ˼ң࣬٣Ҵ˶հס
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̫ү˵ģĴ֮һİػϺȥľףʱ֮ͣӣҾЩԲɺϣҸֵ˼ǣǸŮҲҲһͼ
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ǵߵʱްη˵һЩõϢʱصض˵ϲʲô߳ʯݣϲҪʯǽɳ̲ȥ˵ȫ
Ȼļˮ϶࣬ﻹкˮģԣʯǽںӴ֮ϣ벻ֹˮԵģġ
һο͵ĺ棬һΪʲôѾ֪ҵݣǼȻװͿôҲװͿͺãʵΪʲôѵϲ̫ƽ
ްȴش˵ȷһЩ̫ƽ˵ʱʮССغ˵ﲢǿٷʲôģӲɾƺʲôرϣˮ澡ǡӾһʯǽɳ̲Ҳᴫ·ġɳɳ
ţľף֪طĹ죬ް˵Щţֻľ׺һֱ쵽ľᴩȥĺЩطʲôɾĶҲȻġ
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οͶ붼Ǳǰ˵ʱްͻȻңңҲǱİɣ
˵˷ɣǵͷ˵洫ģԾʲô
˵ްȴһغ˵ҿɺ˵ģϽͷĲȫǧȥ˳ָʲô⣬ǿɵ𡣡
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ްεҵĻظųȥˣһǸеЩĵӣٳȥ֮ǰ˵ǧס˵Щ
ҳһͷųȥˣʱѾȫҽԼĶźãĶԼˣȻ濴ŵӡ
ްκһЩԵģûκͣˣ֪ɵŴĹأҲû˵ҳһЩزŪŵӣҲûʲôÿģǸɴ˵ӣڴϡ
Ȼڴϣȴһ˯Ҳޣϴľ׵ľǰ˼붼ʵǽľ׿ʼƺһ·ǣűߣرĳ֣ǻȥģΪĵððʧʧôȥˣںһ·أֱĴ¹ʡ
ͻȻãҲΪľһʣƺűʮֲͬҿ˵Ը˽Ȼͬת䣬ϸϸţ뵽ȴʬߵ£ֵı仯᲻ΪʬԵʣ
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뵽뿪ľϿȣҲȥ·ʱƺȷ˽ߣȻŽ±ϵ¥󣻺¥ˮ³£ΪԵʣǽ뵽ʯ棬ΪҶ
뵽ͻȻӴϷƺѽ뵽ʲôĳȫΪǽľ֮УǽѾƺõȦ֮УȻĿǰһ֪Ȧ׾ʲôһȷȦ׵ˣ
Һȫ˵һֱʾΪΪֹѾ񣬶֮Һʯͷ׹ľ׺͵ĵˮ嵽ųǱϣȻųҵ
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ţͻȻĿſƺվһˣΪ͸ҿϵķ϶סˣ´ҴŵʱȴʲôҲûУҳĴһһƬĴ޵Ķ鶼ϸŹأһӰҲûУԼˣ½źϡ
ҲŽźϣȴƺҲһӰҵķ俪ŵƵԵʣҲ̫ȷҹ˷ţǰΪԵʣȴΡ
ʱͻȻȻôοһӰģ


ڶʮ ʯǽӰ2
վڴǰԥһǴ˴ӡ
һӴⴵʲôҲûУոǲ濴ˣôƽ޹ʵؿһӰȥҿҹɫһȻŽºϹҽӹʱȴִƺǱסˣϲȫǽƿŷִ̨һ㼫ϸɳӣӹزϣΪһɳӵĹϵ
ҽɳɳӺϸǺɳ
ʯǰľ׺ӿһۣһۿȥȴֻܿʯݺڰΪһʯǽ
Ҳ֪ʱǲҵĴֻʯǽվһˣǱϾ̫ԶĹϵҸ޷жϾûпۣһ˲䣬ȷʵʵ˷¡
ҿ棬ҲǿʯǽǼʯݵűˣȻһŰɫTţп˴˳վſʯǽ߿һۣȻ˹ȥ
˲޶ˣԺǲһģҲ²ӦĹ۹֮һҼʯǽߣĪҲʯǽϵӰӣ
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ȴ˺ܿѾ˳ǽȥٿʱѾվǽͷϡ
վ棬ΪҪȥģվţΪŰɫTԵʣںڰкֱۣվǽͷϣһҲ֪ڸʲôȴ֣ߣƺһˡ
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ǽʮֹ⻬ǽұҲҲȥĺۼǸոԼȥģûеŽŴǽ˹⻬ȥģѵ֩
һΣǽͷ׹ȥ֮һҲûУǽߣˮȴҲ
ȵȣްݵļֱһģһע⵽ˮȷϴЩˮ֮Улеġɳɳ·
͵ްεʱ͵ؾ£һʮΣյĵطҲͣ뵽תߣǵʯȥ
Ҳ߳岽ȴһOO@@ڵŽ·һһͷһۣʲôҲûУ龰ҵͷƤЩ飬תһ·ų޵ʯݹ޵ʯǰûйأһѾƿȥ
ʱĻ˵£ͻȻƿţӵ˶㶵ؿңҵʱȻ֪һ·Ҷһֺصӡ󣬹Ҳ˵ҾжͷˣԵǿǱģֵʱ򣬳˳ԾһЩɵ
ʱȴ˲Щһ˻˵ޣҪ˵
޼ģúأתݲ࣬ʵôˣ
ҽԼ龰˵һ飬ȴûһ㾪ȵı飬֪ѾóԼϾҲ¶ϣҿ۾棬ͫҿ沿ľɫ
ȴ˵ﲻǾ·𣿹ĸοͲشĹ̽£㲻Сֵġ
֪ⲻǣһǱǽϵӰȥģ֮󾿾ʲôһֱԶţҲ²һ
ʱͻȻøոʯԵһʯﴫһҿȥʱֻͬͨĸ˴ʯ˳ӦǸοͼסĴ廧ֵ磬ȴǳʯǽȥ
߹ȥҶ˵Ҳȥ
ȴһסңСҶ˵Сģǲû̫ʱ䣬һ²һ£
Ȼ޵Ļܲ飬ǰĿǰľȷģǣȥҲﵢܳһʱ䣬£˵ᱻӷߡ
ҸصǣǵٺܿɣֻҪԼӵͻҳţʱǵòʧˡ
뵽ǴҪȥͷǽţֻһĺдʯǽ洫ԣǸոյȥǸˣ
һм쳹ӣ̣ӵʯݶˣҲοͻǴѾʯ
ԭžҹʱǳο֮⣬Щ϶ֻǰվţȴȥǸոյǻ˼ҵѾʯǽϡ
ȻҾͿǹҼ߹ȽһЩҲϳްΣһţֱҵʱҲżһֻ˵ȥȴ㣬ǽĲҽУΪΪ
ǺĻԵò˵˼ΪȴʲôҲû˵Ȼ˵ûǾͺã
ҲŵްˣǸسЦЦ֪ô𣿡
ްһһʯǽϲ˵ǰϺҵοͳ£ⲻϺҵүȥء
ްһ߿ʯǽϻȥĵƹ⣬һߺ˵ȴЩԾްε˵οʯǽ£ҲǲܵģڰϺǾȻȥʯǽ˵ҹʯǽǴΨֱ֮ĵطϺүôȥ
ҿްҲܲ⣬ȻԴʮּɵ˵ͱˣ㻹ǻȥϢɣˣ峤Ȼᴦ
ҿޣҲǳҵͷ֪ϵǶް˵Һ˵仰ͻȥˣ
ްεҵŷߣʱ˵𵢸̫ˣ
ҳͷֱԶˣ޲ź˵ǱϽȥմĹأ˾ˣȥѰģҲﲻܾôʱ䵽Ǿ̽ȥ


ڶʮ ʯǽӰ3
֪Ѿܵú̵ܼĻ˵ļƻһЩϸڣһ֪ǿӣʱƺԵñԤϵĻҪҲûʲôش˵ģҲжģЩϢȻȥ
˵һЩԼСĵĻʵʱҺ﾿ҪʲôΪʲô˶ĸһ䣬ȴһһ䡣
һסˣһڲ˵Щʱ򣬵ڶˣΪѣҺ޵ĹϵӰ죬ϾĶڰңе
Ҳɫ߻ȥٻȥ·ϣҿЩοͻûȫȥÿȰ˵£Ҳû뿪ʯݶԶȻ˰Ϻү
Һؿүһֻۣ˻ʯǽϣֵͲĹʯǽϻȥҿóʼոʯǽһЩ룬Ҳ֪ǾѰʲôƺǸοͣûٶ࿴ΪѾްμҵʯǰ
ްκǸŮ˶վ⣬ƺҲڿŰϺүްμһˣҴкǸŮҲЦЦҲ֪֣ҲֻܳЦЦ
ʱްνܵ飬Ǽġ
ްα˵Цţ˵ȻܼҵĹʱǾѾΣⲢǵһμˣҺװʶӣҲ©ţǳòһǻӦҽзġ
Ȼȥװƽ͵ӣص֡
ҿһۣ֣Ҳ֣ұֱ˵֪֣
ҲֱӣװʶΪԸĹϵΪҾʯͷһ͵ģûиʯͷˡҲ֪λشʱٴ˵ʱѾ˵ˡ
ŷԼˣסҵֺ֣ܱҿһۣ֣һԵްοôĶߣֻһ˵ҹ治ȫ㻹ЩϢɣͷһ˯ʲôҲûˡ
ұ㲻ٶ˵ʲôǻصԼʯǸ߽ȥȴŵһӺŨ׼ȷ˵һЩˮ
һֻʯһкԵˮգˮ֮Уҿϸϸĺɳ̾ʯݲ󣬼һ۾ͿԿ棬ҿһʲôҲʲôʵʵķֻ֣ڴǽǵļ϶֮ƺһźںӰӡ
ǲǸոյǸο˳ܵҵ˵һˣǸʯǽϵĺɫӰӣ
Сߵϣ˴ͷŷ֣ںĶһˣ˵Ҳ˵һˣȴһʯˡ
ʯͷǺɫģҲ֪ǱĲʾΪ۹Ĺϵ֮ȥںڣҺܹ⻬ӦǿԵ̵Ļ߱ˮˢ֮ĽʯҲһֵֺ̬˳еϥôߡ
ҵһۿʱ򣬾ʯ˲һСĵܾǵ̵ʱС˲٣ʯ˿һӣӣ˫ֱϥͷϥϵӣһǿϸڵĵطܲһ
Ȼϥ˫ȴ̯Ǳһ˫ļһٰʮȵӣ˫Ҳǽһŵģ˫ƳһT״áͷȻϥϣȴ΢΢Ϊ˿ı飬صǿʱȴһʧһƬհףʲôҲûС
ǼûȴԸеı飬ʹ࣬ãп־塣Ҳ֪Ǵ￴Щ飬Ҿı顣
ڴͷˮպϸɳЩȷָⶫģҲ˵뿪ʱ˽ҽֵʯ˽
ƺͽƳƣҾúǷѽ⣬ǲҲʲôҼȻϻˮպϸɳǾ˵ӦǱʯǽĺ̲˽ġ
ʲô˽˽ҽΪʲôô˵ﲻţΪʲôƫƫŵҵ
ұŷŹȻʯ˰ᵽϣҹʯвӣҲ룬ǳأȷʯͷ̳ģңȥĺɫǱеġ
ǵϣҷʱȴı뷨Ϊʯʯǲᷢײģǽʯײ
Ǻʯͷ
Ҷʱóһ˵ĽۣǺˣʯͷ̳ʯˣʶ㣬ٴˣúģȥĸоȴʹĥ֮ʯһ⻬ΪԵʣҸոС
˵ʯһ÷һԽҲжߵĻôҲ˵ĳ־ԵúζĳƺӾһЩضζѾԸоͺҲӵϵ
ҹӦòǿĵģΪôһǿĵĻôأҲųмһֿĵĿԣô˵Ҿƺһʾ
ϸͷſһ飬ǳ˸ոҿЩ֮⣬ĶǿԺԲƵݣѵңʯǽĺ̲Ǻˮ棬ܣ
ҾʮִģҵһۿһʯǽʼҾ;÷죬ּĺܣø֣ٽϽǸο͵ĳ£Ҿʯǽĺ̲һ⡣
Ϊ˷ֹ⣬ҽϵĴˣܸŵʯ棬ȻֽϵϸɳһһɨôװҾҲò˵ЩɳҲҲ˵һ
ҽһϸɳ˷ŽװãǾڴϷ
һ󣬵̧ͷʱͻȻ͵һֻһӰҵĴǰһΪеƵԵʣӰʮþȷˣѸ˴Ŭ棬ʲôҲûУӹȻ·ǳ࣬תһ룬ǰػϵĺĻôͲǹôˣ
һϵй£ʹҲòСĽҽŽصˣֽΣŹصɵ˴ϡ
һʼһû˯⣬ҹĽ룬Ҳ˯˹ȥȻԼҲ֪Լ˯ȥģֻоӺܷһΣʼһ죬ǵҴͻȻѹʱȴģʵдġ
ֻԵúԶôʯô˭£ҷ˷ǵҵ۾򴰻ʱȴһ͵ط˼Ƥ


ڶʮ ʯǽӰ4
˵ʵ˭俴龰ᱻһҿڴӡһӰȷûпһӰͳڴϣʼնһ
ôһţҵ˯ʱȫޣҷһֱӰûпƣȻһ߽Աߡ
֮Բƣһ˵Ļƴݾߣҿ˵ƣôͿӰˣΪǺҹǴ﷢ȥģվĻǼȫġ
ҿĹУǸӰʼһҾסԼԼҪţȻߵ˴ǰ͵һ˴
ڴ֮ȴʲôҲûҼûͬһӰҾǲܵ£ΪոڴϿӰ
ֻǴ֮ȴûпӰǿ˴һһĻ⣬΢ҿ˿ǴʯǽϷġ龰ҽ򿪣Ȼ̽ͷȥһƬžһҲûС
ʱŷ֣ʯǽϵĹĹâΪľԶֻܿһţǽţҾͿʮֲֿһĻ
ֻڱһǽϣһӰһĺӰҿóⲢӰдʯǽģ
͵ؾȫһ䣬Ȼҹһս
ҹϵؽϣžԼ͵龰ʵ̫ڹˣѾ쵽޷ݵĵز
֪ôģͻȻﶼ͸һĪƺǴӵذ塢ǽϵȵеĵطɢ⣬ҵһµʱָо
ֱңǿҵҲ˵ҵʯ
龰Լܵ򾲣Ͽ˵ƣʱʯָʱִͷʱɢһһӣҳҿʯʱȴĺȴѾˡ
ʯ汻һţŵȴѾصʧˡ
ͻ£ȻѸٽӵÿһ䶼˸飬ȴûзְ˵ټʱŷ֣ҷʯϵĺɳҲˡ
ҿϣɾ࣬ûˮպͺɳĺۼ
ѵǻĲɣԼˣ
ʱͻȻͻȻҹ֮ԵúҺһ˭
ȴһԣҾôˣ˭
һǴţ֮ȴһҲûУ˴ⴵ磬ȷʲôҲûС
Ȼι죬Ѿҽ£ѵйأǲǣҪ֪﾿Ҫҵʲôʱȷ
ҽºϣǲŸչϣȴٴ۾ţѾȫû˸ոյĿ־壬ȡ֮ɻԵ޹ʵڼʱ͵ţʱȴһɫӰͻȻʧʯ棬ٶ֮ĿϾӣķʯǽϡ
ԥҪҪȥ׷Ȼһ˵ĻžߣҪʲôطȥ׻˵뻢Ѩɵûӣٲ͸ȥ
ǵ׷ȥʱѾûӰӣٴεǽߵʱֻǽϵһ򣬿ȴǰɫģǰϺҵģһһЩҲ˵ڻҹ
ҲǼΪʲôҪһ򣬵ȻԭģصϷǽڣȴǽϸû֮ǰʯ￴Ӱ
Ҿվʯǽϣʯǽ˴󲿷ִӺϴ磬ʯǽһûҵǸˣǾʹȥǲû߶ԶͻȻǽһźںĶ߽˿ȴֹǸˡ
ⶫôͻȻܵˣѵ˯ʱ˽ҵӣҺ޲֮½˳
ȴȫܵ£Ϊ˯ǰصعؽŴʱŴҲûб򿪹ĺۼ
յǰȴͻȻнŲ͵ػͷȴ龹ȻѾҾ̾ɵ֡
ƺҲȦӣң㷢ʲô
ҹ˯ҲǷҽոշ˵һ飬ҲһǽǵˣȻ˵д鷳ˣ
Ҿ˵µʱɱ侲ⲻ侲Įı˵Ĵ鷳жء
˵ȥްΣߴ峤ں̲ڵӣ
ĻҲ֪ҲӣҲ˵ͺĽзһģһ˵ڳʮ˲õһްεʯݹȥʯǽްε֮䣬ʯݣһǸոǳµοסġ
ߵʯǰʱ򣬺ڰͻȻһ˳˹ʮͣұܵѾʶһֻ˹ͬʱѸǰһץסҵĺ죬ȻұôһѾǯסҲģֻо˫֮ͻȻӿһȻҸоץסļ͵һҾʹл
ȫʶľٶͬʱҲоһʹΪץ̫ԵʣͻȻ֮ʹ
ͬʱȴһСľ̾ǣ
һ治֪Ҹոܴӳô£õľȻǣ
ǸҾȵĲΪʲôһǣ˵ʱ͵̧ͷڰҿӣһϤζģӰϣѹסҵϲʯͷ㣿
˾һƣȻʯݺ棬ĬԼݡ
ҼʯͷȻ³ǰǷϲʯͷôģ
ʯͷȴ˵Ժͬ˵㣬ʲô
Ϊʯͷ֪һش˵ģû˵﾿ǸʲôҾƺʲô
ǺģʯͷǾȡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôȣҾȻôӦ֪ĲŶԡеûش𣬸֪յǲ˵ҿһΪһûк޵¡
Ҿʯͷ˵Ǻ֣Ļ棬Ҵ˼ɵ㣬һʶ飬ȻڣôӦþϵˣӦӹɵġ
ڶʯͷԼи޵£Լô֪ܲҲ˵ʯͷǲ֪飬ôϣ޺ܿ˻ѣ
Ҳ뵽ʯͷ˵ڳɳûе£ʼգûгɳǱߵĲ룬һֱǣ


ڶʮ ʯǽӰ5
Ҿһô޵Ǽٵģ
ʯͷÿ˵ܵͣöķʽں˵Ȼʼնû¶棬ô˵ڱ˭
Ȼû˵꣬˵һЩ±ȥСֻԼԼǹؼʱ̿԰ˣǸޡҪСһЩ
˵껹˵Ӽ¾ٴʧ˺ڰ֮Уվҹɫ㶣ŻعûüδӡǸطӳġ
ʯͷĳһȥްε£ްεʯݹóްӦòǷ޹ϵΪްεǹŵƵģްɷŲڴˣôܻ˯㰲ȣ
Խһ˵ĻǲްκϵҲ⣬Ϊƭ˵Ϸһݲġ
ţѾްεǰ㽫ֿȥȴˣֻްξվǰȻûпƣȴҲû˯ڿްκ֮ǰӺܲһڵްһľګʵЩаƺȥҲܲ򵥵ӡ
룬Ҫ˵һʮҪ£˵ްΣ˵㡭
˵ʱƳһ棬Ȼ谵һǿһˣֻһްξվ棬ðңҺȻѾʯϣϻ޲ҵĻ̾Ϳ˺ҿǰްΣֿ汻ŵްΣѾô¡
Ǹˣ
ԺﻮͷǼѾʶ㣬Ҳûʱֱ澿˭ްΣ˭ǼٵģǺȻǰվŵҪвһЩ
˿һȴûжĶֻĿ⿴ңҿһްΣ侲ʵ˭ڸʲô
ȴνʼ磬Ȼ˵ްΣʶģ龰ֻǲ¶ѣ
˵һ棬Ժٵ⾿ôһ£Ӳ࣬ҼȻûɱްΣǲ˵Ǹ壬ްβġ
ĻҵõްλΣգڵĵķ飬һʯǽϣʼվãǶʯǽʵ̫ڹ죬һ̫Σա
Ϊѣ֪ɵشǰһĻ龰ʱȴǰްΡԱ߶˶ȻҾͿѸʧҹĻ֮Уʱ˵ٶȿҪЩ˿ɾˣ
Ҳ仰ָʲô֪ʶҲȥ׷ްɿϵҲһ԰ţֻ֣ްεʵ̫һЩҼȻްи壬ô˵ԼҲһͨˣѵŵǿǰװģ
ڸȥЩʱҰĻظ˵һްΣް͵վȻߣҼ㼱ҴҵģҲţȴͷ˵Ҫ£㻹ǸϽ뿪ɣ
˵ްξٹ˲ʯ֮ȥް˵Ҫ£ӲǿЦģҪҪ˵һް˴峤עҪһ޵ģҲ˵Ҳ֪ȻޣһǾʱȲݾߡ
߽һЩʱȴ޵ġһģһҸоΧһƬʯﶼҽ¡
֪һƬʯݣ޺Ļƣ룬ѵ޺Ļʲô
Ǹ֪˵ĿЩ޵Ѹٹޣվҹɫ֮Уֻˮͺķ룬ߵ޵ʯǰ
ŵʱ۾ʯѾ½½ްѾҵ˴峤
ްŴ򿪣Գһ˯ӣǴҿóǸ˯ӣҲû˵ʲôڻɣǸǷڳģһǳס˵ܳˣ˴Ӻ̲ڳӣ
ҿıúܾȣȻ֪ʲôҲ˵˽طܣһʼңװ֪˵ƴҪˡ
ҵĻû˵꣬ѾӦÿÿѾҿдѾһߵĴ廧޿˿˵ȥ
ʯǽ·һľҽ´º˵һ飬ȴû˵ӳ£ٵؽҲٶߡ
һҿüע⵽Լ©ûѣôȥްΣô֪ҪȥҴ峤Ķߣû׷ңⷴҾЩҲ˵޵ȷҵġ
ʣȻҲǲݾߣƱػһЩȻѾ֪Ҳ¡
ʯǽϵʱѾˣǽߵӻڣ˲ٵ򣬿ǿʱȴʵûп˭ģ
Ҳ²ǰϺҵģȴЩŵӣҲ֪һΪҪȣȴʲôҲû˵ǰ
滹һЩɳ޿ģոҴҴһƳҲû٣һ㣬ͻȻҷ֣Ӻһ𣬲ͬһ
ҼǵһϸɳȥˣһճźܶɳǸողűڳһ
ؼӵ̬һ˫ǴϥµһģһǴϥϵһģȷͬһ
ô˵Ļһܵȥˣ
ŵʱֻްκһЩѾ˹ްԱһˣϣȴԵúܾȿǽǵӣҿҲǱһ
ȻҿĴ̧ľݣȻҪʯǽȥ
ްοһЩôڳȴʲôҲû˵峤һ֮󣬾ʾĴȥ
Һÿһߣʯ֮пһֻۣӵƻͨοͶѾƶ廧ֻԶԶؿţȴûг龰˵ȥˣ֪ʱӣǳͷ
˶æʱްβŽһ˵㻹ǻȥɣﲻ̫ƽ
ҹ֮󲻼飬£ҶްЦЦ˵ûµģ㿴ûУ
ްҡҡͷ᲻Ѿʯǽ˺̲ϣҶް˵Ҫ̲ȥ
ʱѾ½½ľҲްεķҲȥȥĴվǽͷֵź̲ϵΣҿóǵǾȣҲȥʱҲſ̲ӣֻں̲ʮںӣһɳ̲ϣһ¶֮УǸ׹ȥοͣں̲ϵӣҲΪΪȥȻγɵģǱ˿
Ϊ￴ȥֻܿһͷӶѾɳ֮С
˵˴峤ͬ⿪ʼ½½ȥʱͻȻֻȥɳ̲ϾһȥͬʱݵģһƬ̲
һľ׺ӵĵºˮЩȥʱʯǽ洫һǵͱ˺̲棬ź̲һȥģЩӺǾο͵ʬ塣
˼ǶӣǷ׷׶վǽͷֻһƬ̲϶ʱһʮ׿ĿӣһƬǽֵգȴֻյһЩʯ飬һЩ۵ݿӣֵղȥ
ĺ̲Ѿݵòˣ½½ȥҲȥſڿӱգһϿԿһЩΣŷĲ̫һ̲澹ȻһЩʯ飬ҺǱģȻѾ˲٣ǿԿ˹ĺۼ
Ǽղף溰˼ȴûһӦ
Щȥ᲻Ѿ˲⣬˵ģ˵ЩӵȥҵǶ˲ã˵ֵܻΣΡ
Ȼ峤ȥȻҪȥιҳ˿˺̲ϵӣҲ˿
һεľ׺ˮǺļǱϿƽĺ棬涼˲εļֻ룬ΪʲôʯǽӾڵ˺̲ȴûˣ
˵ȻˮĻôӦһֱвŶԣǲҲ˵ȷһֺرʲôζ
Ӿʲôζأ˻Ǳʲô
ţҿ˿ӱߵĺֻ̲ˮ䣬ں˴򲻵ıԵȴһŽӡ


ڶʮ ̲ʯ1
Žӡߵ̲ϣ˵Ľӡǹµģ
Ҿ⼸ǲܵ£ΪǾԲᵽʯǽģôŽӡֻ˭Ϊʲôӡĸոպúþںǡó岻ĵطǹĻģ
ӽӡĴСҾһ˵ĽӡĿԱȽϴ󣬵ҲųһŮ˵Ľӡ˭ģҶȴһͷҲûС
ŽӡڷȴͻȻеʲô˳ŸҶȥֻһںĶˮϣҲô壬ǳȺкްΣֵƮŵʲô
ްҵĺֵͲֵͲĹںϣһʱҲԵһһˣֻܿĺ󱳸ˮϣްμ˱Ӻ̲ȥˮȻʬϵ̲
﷢ʬ壬ʱ˶£˹ҷһϸڣȻȴû˽һŽӡңҿǶվڽӡһ߿⣬۾ȴԶʬڿ
ֿ϶ݵĸоΪ΢СϸԿÿһ񼸺кĹ۲ڶԴЩ֤ݵʱ˭ԵúСڲ¡ҹֵͲĹţ񲻵λһЩҲ޷һŽӡ
Ҹҿ϶ǲˣһܽزȵӡǵϸҿԿһǱĬҲӿ϶ҹǾǰػϺ˵Ĳ²⡣
ȻҲɫؽЩްνʬϰ֮ҿ˵·ЩϤ·ǳ¼ǻƵ𣿣
ôг¼ǻƵʬ壿·ֿ֮˵ӣʶˣȷǳ¼ǵĻƣڳ¼Ǵôֻ꣬Ҫǳ¼ǵĻƶƣ֮һ
ް̽̽ıϢȷѾˣް˵˻ʱȻѾܱˣǻûнԿıΪںˮԵʡ
˼ʱҲ˵⸽г¼ǵˣ
Ҳ֮ǰ˵Ĺڳ¼ǵ£˵үͻѡҵʱµأ﷢˳¼ǻƵʬ壬ǲ˵үͻ壬
ҵõ²֮󣬴ްֵͲҺǷбĻƵʬ壬˵ܴܲӺˮͶ԰ʲôè
ֵͲΧϸһȦȴʲôҲûзֻ֣գźʱҸоƺӿĸһЩΪҸоҵЬѾʪˡ
ҵͷʱֻһŽӡҲ˳ˢ˶ӱˣʱްβ˵ˮʼˣǵøϿȥ
ľ׺ѵҲһǳ䳱ɣ
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ް˵úܲ˼飬ǵʯǽһףҴ±Ȼ˱ȻҲ˵ˮվֱӱû
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ҵĿⲻݵʯϣǲ˵ӵʲôرĵṹֻ˵һºߵº֮ģºߵºӵˮʱһεľ׺Ӻˮͻǣºߵºӵˮλʱ򣬺ˮˮλͻȥ
뵽ұҪȥͷȴڣΪﶼˣҪȥĻǿ϶ǲͬģο͵ģ˵Ҫȥܻܿᱩ¶ҵݣҵݣݣΪҾװοͽΪĿ̫Ӵ󣬿϶бԭ򣬶ܿܣǻ
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Ҿ˵ܻĵֲָĮΪǵϰףҼȻϰ׶ܱ˽ܣҾһҲԭġ
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ʱҿ峤һۣȻô˻ȥǽ¼Ƶʬʱʯǽߣ˲ϯϣ֪ЩҪȰ֪Ѿˡ
ҾӾˣʼվЩʧ䣬ֲ˵ʲôǻ֮ҴްΣȥޣҿûʲô취
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Ұӵº˵ˣ˵Ҳ˵ˣȴû˵ҿǳ¼ǻƵʬ£ڵܲܿͿԼˡ
к£ȻĬһƺǸӸȤǺּɵŴЩأҿó뵽ȥסˡ
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һͷһۣӾôΪҲϴСӡ
С۶үĻƣô޵£Ҵոյ̬Ȼǲ뱻ϳҸЩè壬ԴǴںƭͻ֮ҾûƤҵڸľһΣȻˣҶСòǼ̡
ұűߣصԼʯݵʱȴҵʯݵǿŵģҾ˽ҵҽȥʱҲŷ棬һͻȻӴվҿڴ߻ҿڣ˵ˣǿߣ
һңҽˣͦģҪȥ˵źˮûȫǵȥȻ˱ŷ֣װǱˮ
Ҵʯʱ˼ѾȫɢˣҴһ·ǽϣҿһľݣްξվԱߣˣһľګ˵ǿЩ
֮ǰӹȻװģһ֪ǰػϵ˻ϵˣʱҲûȥЩ
齫򿪣ѸٽǱˮϣǶ֮ްνȻʯǽϣʯǽϵʱҲŷ֣ˮѾȫǵʯǽˣǸѾûˡ
ȥҽȥʱ˵ұ໥һ˵Ļ޷档
ҵͷȻҲȥ
ˮ֮ҺһǰһεԱߣȻҿһһ˽ȥҲȥ
ĺɳĺˮֳɢһЩҺ齫ˮƴ򿪣ǱȥȥһЩⶴͻȻСҿóٵرʯһЩȽϿҺ鶼ܴӷ϶ȥ


ڶʮ ̲ʯ2
ӷ϶ȥ֮ʯʹΪҿϤĽṹĹ
Ҳ˵ӵ棬ȻһĹ˵ʵڿɳ̲һӵʱֻһһռ䣬ȴûл뵽һĹһĹĻôĹӦǺйĲŶԣҰػ֮Ի۾ܾܿػĹ
ǱĹ֮鳯ҴһƣǱȥһΣվ뿪ҳһOKƣȻҺѸǱȥ
Ĺľ϶ߵľʯģôߵľʯҪмֵʮأһҲһ󹤳̣Ҿãƺľ׵ڣϴʱԲûҵ·
Ĺܴˮ޷ھ֮һأֻܿΧ׿ĵطĹ涼ǺںһƬ
ǱҪҿһЩʼնһЩܸȥǱȥ˲֮ҷˮƯʬ壬ߵӣǴ֮ʧĴ񣬿ǵӦöѾϢˣǾ⾮Ĺ֮УȥЩɲ
Ѿʬǰƺڲ鿴ҲǱȥΪЩܻᱻһЩҿÿһʬȴǲûзֱ˵ĺۼͷֻգЩӦöǱͻȻˮġ
ȴ²ƺҲǺܶԾΪһתȴǵǵϣϵľ
ҸҷڴûзκһǴžģҿıҿԿ⾫˾Ĺ֮֮еģ֮ܿ
ҵЩʬһһÿһʬ嶼ʱȴһʬԳҴƣƺҪҹȥǱȥߣָʬҿŷʬܲͬĴ񣬴·жϣǳ¼ǵˡ
һ¼ǵĻƣƺйһ֮ԵòҿܻЩϲ׼·ȷǳ¼ǵûҲ˵ܿܳүһ⣬ôľ׺ƯǾʬܾܿǴӾĹ֮еȥġ
¼ǻƵȴûоҴҲκε֮ҾΣǱģôôֻѣ˵ʬ壿
ҳƣ˵ҵܿҵ˼Ƶϼһȷûκ˿ڣпܾǱġ
ҲʱҺеһˮĲ洫ǿʱȴֻոŵʬѾιЩʬȻ⡣
Һ뿪ʬԱοʬȴ׷ᣬһֱǹ
Һ鶼ûдһͷһЩͻȻĴ񣬷ϵľ֪ʱѾˣʱͻȻĹˮƺ˿˿ƵĶƮʱҲȻʶˮ⣡
ЩʬҽһЩʱҿǵļ׵Ѿͻ˳عǣȥǺܻΣѾ뵽ǿܱɵģŮʬ
ǰľ׼ŮʬֻЩƺŸոڱ仯ǵʱŮʬӦһЩͷˣΪǵƤѾɺԣƤһڹͷϣǰЩȥҪɲࡣ
ҺٴǱȥÿЩʬĹȻǲŸոձ仯ӻӲ׾ȫŮʬǰ׺
϶ͻȻʾȥǵ·ҿȥʱͷ˶ߣЩҲǴĴ񲻴ȴǸոЩˣΪҴǵ·Ͽǵ·Ѿ̦һļǸողŵĴǻֶ̳ġ
׹ЩǸеʬ壬ոյЩʱ֪٣ܾܿھĹ¡
ʱЩʬٴγ˹ҺͷЩʬ忿ߣһߣǾҪסңÿһʬסҵĽףȥţķǳιѾʬûסҵӡ
ҸǣסұϵͲҸо뽫ͲϸҾͱľʬסûֻͽֺǲǵǳҸֲǣˮУӸû֧ŵ㣬ֻоҲ޴ʹһʱ䷴Щʬסá
֮УҸоѾǸǺһˮȻ͹ðˮݣȥǰ취ٲֻҲᱻ
߬ȭͷһȭһʬͷϣҲ֪ã֮Ҹоȭͷһʹͭͷһһսȭͷһȭȥ
ΣҸоԼȫǱܶƺ˳ϾͷȻþˣʬ徹Ȼһȭ˦ȥһЩԼеһġ
ʱҲѾߣ뻹ʬ壬ʬĹȥǱ߲³齫ˮе¸ҴϣоҪϢǺˮٴκ࣬⼸ʬ壬ʱҲŷ֣ǾȻѾˡ
ҺǱȥЩʬȴûٸҴڴڵʱŸо̹࣬ҿһЩʬ壬ٴǸոտ治ԶҲ֪ΪʲôңҾƺֻ뽫Ĺ
ڿĹĵײʱȴ־׾ȻȾ޴ʯţЩܼլ濴ʯţҺȥʯһԲεʯϣӴò˼顣
ҺһۣȻȷڣȻ˵ȥ˼˵Ҫӳ飬ΪֻˣܽȥҲûжٰ취ҸҪǣϵ޲֧̫ʱ䣬ڻǽȥʱ
ҵͷͬ⣬Ҹоʯƺô״򿪣ΪպϵĲĻˮѹܽƿɽž˵ܿҪһġ
Һ׵Ǿ渡Ϊ˷ֹٴһȺڱ仯ŮʬҺصƵһߵľڣžһ·ϸȥ
ȥԵÿ࣬ǲûʬ壬˳ǱȥһѾݵʯ϶Ǵӷ϶֮ȥȻܿʹˮ浯ͷ
̽ͷǿ˿ΧΣʯǽԶʯǽιȥȴѾժ˵ȵȣǵλЩԣ
ôһ˵ҲߵΣʱŷ֣ǵķλȷһЩ⣬ǵλƺԱŲʮ׵ӡ


ڶʮ ̲ʯ3
㣬ֻоһʲôĪĸоҾҵزҺʲôҲû˵ѸʯڱΡ
ˮҿڰǽͷ˶˶ӣȻ˵𣿡
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ҲǺܲ⣬ǽްͻȻ˵ļѪ
ʱҲŸеҼ紫һʹұͷȥŷǱˮѾˣͷһƬǸոںŮʬʱ˵ġ
ѸٽǱˮͷһ˿ڣŴĿģѪ治ϵ
ް˵ѪֹסУ
ôһˮȴһҲûУ˵ˮµʱ򣬾Ӧøеʹ˲Ŷԣֱ˰ϣѪѾ˲˶ȴ˿ûаʹСţȴ͵ؿ鴧۹⣬ɵؾһ
̱ͷȥȻҲϵǱˮް½ǱˮðװȻڻصʯ
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˵зԵø򾲣ʲôҲû˵ֻǿ˵һе£ȳȥһ¡
ȻҲҺްʲôӦ뿪ҵʯݣȻѾްβǷ޹ϵǵ٩ް˵ϱһرˡ
ȴްδ˴ȻࡢҴһ˿Ļ˵һֱһصˡ
Ҿþȣ˵ĻҾǷޣҶ࿴һްΣްȴЦЦȻ˵ҲҲˣҺʵӵˣҾңҲ֪ľǷˡ
鲻Ǵһ۾ͿģްҲǴһ治ȷްô˵Ҿ뵽ʲô˵˵ҲǰϵĶӣ
ްεͷ˵ǣϵһˣǵĻҲ۹οֺͣοͲͬΪǺǧ˿Ƶϵ
˵ʱްͻȻ˶٣ƺڿҪҪ˵֪Ҫ˵ʲôʵӾǰػϵĺǲǣ
ްЩȵؿңѾ֪ˣ
ҵͷްȴҡҡͷ˵˻İػϵˣֻǰػϵһ֧ڶѣ
ҼѾ˵˵ϣʵʲôڣ
ް˵֮
һȻϴνʱײȻҲҵʯųǣֻ΢һְˣӺѾͿԿΪһֱ֮£иĿռ䣬˵ųǣڻ֤ʵ֮£֮
ֻΪǵ·߲ԵԵʣһʼʵһ֮С
뵽ްΣҲ֮ǲǣ
ްȴҡҡͷ˵ֵ֮ط˵Ψֱ֮ôɽˮȥңΪģʵΪһˡ
ʣʲôˣ
ްοһһ˵ʯӣ
һӵôްĸ⣬ʵҲ֪ʯˣ
һμҾͺʯӣھվްǰȴ֪Ҳ˵鲢ûн˵ްΣ˵֪֣
Ϊ˲Ļɣҽʯͷǵ˵˸ر˵Ĳ״ǿʯӣްȴҡҡͷ˵֪˵ʯӺ˵ʯӷԯޣ˵ʯһˡ
ʲôһˣ
ްȴ˵Ωһǵˣ
仰Ѿֹһް˵ѵҲǵʮĸ˶еһԱɣҿֲӣ֮ҸӾƺĴˣ׷ʵްΣϵǲǣ
ҿްμþңҾȻһֱŷ㶣Ҳû뵽һµݣԿҲ¶ˡ
Ȼްλعҵô³ģ
һ˲䣬Ҹеһ˿âĳɱ˵ϢķĿ⣬һɱֻһ˲¾ʧͫֻع鵽ƽʱľګУת˲ŵҿðľ֪ް˾Բ򵥡
˵ո˵㲢ǴˣҲڸ㲻ǰػϵˣҲһģôϣҲͿų㲻ϵˣҾϵˣԾͲˡ
ްκҵƶϣ˵֮ȴҡҡͷȻ˵ȻϹµģҲ¶ҵݣݣȴûв¶ԣ
ҷʵѵ鲻ϵˣ
ްλش˵֪ǣϵˣ
ϣ
Ѿȫò˼ݣɫ糣ʵڡ
˵ҲŻȻʶҾȻԼԼԼһ棬˭˵ھһϵģֻϺټټ֮ǰϵȷжϣԲŵҽϵһ
ϵˣôĳ־ͿԽˣҲܺýͣ뵽ǣľֻ̫ʲôϵ
ͬŮˣһϵˣô֮ӦøʲôϵŶԡ
Ȼް˵˵ϣҾͲò㣬ʵѾʧˣ˵Ĵ֮Уʧһ
ѾʧˣĴ֮һϣĸϣҲ˵ֻʣ壿
ްεͷ˵ʵڳϻһֱĴͳ֮УںʱѾˡ


ڶʮ ̲ʯ4
˵ްοһۣ˵ϺͰػȻѶȴѾʵ㿴ڰػ֮ܳΪػϣΪʱĳѾԼڵ壬⵱ȻҲϣ
һۼ˵Ωϣһֱ躹ޣʵҲǴڵ塣Ѿ˥Ĳ嶼ѾԼʹҲԵûж壬ԲŻڵ⸱ģ
ްεĻ뵽ǣĴķֲһԭģҲʶһ㣬ϵĴڣػص׵ĹǱͼǾʲôȴͲ֪Ҳ벻
ްΣȻʹѾˣôΪʲôҪʯӣ
ްȴ˵׻ȴ֪ԼΪʲôŵãȻͿ־رǵ㷢ߵһжٵĻԣҾԼĹȥǼٵģ֪ԼӺζ֪ԼžΪʲôĿģ㣬᲻ҪʹҲҪҳ뷨
ҸоްεĻһһ䶼պصҵĿڴԭңĴﻹкһˣ֪ԼĹȥ֪ԼΪζţԲҪŬѰࡣ
ʣôʯӾΪЩ
ްεͷ˵֪һеʼĩ
ظˣҾʯӵĻôǲ˵ʵÿһϸҶһʲô֪ΪҺްҲһڹˣԴҼҲһ֪߻˵ްοеʯˣ
ȻްοԼо˵һЩֻҽҩպãȻ˵ʱҲˣҲЩЪŰɡ
ҵͷްγȥ֮Ŵϣҽϵ·ȫȻڴްθո˵ĻҲ˵ĴֻϻشţǲҲ˵ŵĴ󲿷ѾĴʧ𽥹ޣͻȻһָоҲ֮ǲǾҲûԣ
뵽ͻȻеһķַ꣬һֱӵȫҰַĻĪĿ־壬޶˵شս
ʱȴͻȻűƿһʮϤӰͽٵؽźϣȻ󻹲ҿڣѾ˵ơ
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ȻЩȣǻԽܣΪʯͷֻ֣ҪǷôǾԿԵģҸоӡǸط֮ƺñһЩȻ֮ǰѾʮȫ￴ĵһоҾãָоǶԵġ
ʯͷңûйް㯣
Ϊʲô㯣
ʯͷ˵ΪԼ
ҿ϶йΪ㯣ҲŻҪȥ֪̽࣬ҲѾû׼Ҿ۶үը֮ʱżһ䣬ÿһλһ
ÿһŶд𰸣Щ£֪ʵҪ֪õöࡣ
ȻѾ۶ү⣬Ѿݵ̫Ѿ޷ͷˣ֪ǰһ·һǵòɫȥΪ֪ѰĽ֣ˣ
ʯͷ˽ҵˣͻȻ˵ʧ֮ǿ˳ȥҾúܱˣҲ֪ľԲԣСģϣ֪𰸵ʱ򣬲Ҫ˳Լ˳֪˽֣ԲŻľٶֻϣζܻţžϣ
ҾʯͷЩ˵ĺܹŹ֣ҴһıˣʵʯͷڡǸطʲô£
ҾǰǸĮ޸ʯͷͻȻǻһһҵһο¶飬һֱ˵ĸ顣
Ȼʯͷ˵СģģԺ·ֻܿԼȥˡ
Ҳ֪ʯͷ⾿˵ʲôȴͻȻһ˵Сģ˵ʵҿصģļǿͲ㼴ʹڵ֪Լһû˿Ա֪ҼЩ֮УرģҲģһֱ¸ңΪҵһ֪ԼʱҲ˳뷨ػţȥ¸ҺȾңСģҵ꣡
Ҵ֪ʯͷȻҲ˴һ棬һֱܣһʯͷڿҲһѪˣֻƴѹԼѡ
˵˳壬壬ϹӡȵȵЩˣѾʧȥ˻ŵĶСģΨһϣ˵ĴΨһϣֻţſǣǵ壬Ҫģǵꡣ
ʯͷĻѾ֪ҲѾ֪ҹʯӵݵ£˵ΣСģ㶼ҪȥûзȥǣǣҲһҪǣҲò뿪ΪһҳẦ㣡
һ˿ζҾʵʯͷ㲻Ҫɵ£һ취ģҲһҪš
ȴʯͷЦȻСһóǷĵЦȻ˵ԼΣúûš
ʯͷô˵ŵ˵һҪǵá
ʯͷ˵Ҫ뿪һʱ䣬˵иҪҪСģڡǸطѾ˽֣ǼȻѾ֪Ľ־Ͳǽ֣ı
ʣ㿴ʲô֣
ʯͷȴûпڣֻ˵СģԼĽֲǽ֣ԣδ֪ǻž壡
˵ҿѾվ֪Ҫ뿪Ҳվȴ͵رס˵СģҴûˣõֵܣѾ㵱ΨһˣֻϣܺúõػţǣЩµĶԲڲ֪۶үĵȷǶԵģ
˵ʯͷⲻ㣬ģЩԼĸԸģ
һ䣬Ҹеһȣƺʲô棬Ҿʯͷˣ
ʯͷȴȻתѸٿųӣʧҹɫ֮С
ʯͷ뿪һԭأͲۿ˳Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôᣬȴ˿ʹشŴŵ
ҲǺ֮ܶҲźȻʯͷҾ壬Ҳ֪ʯͷ˵ЩǴεľģǴεı֮ģҵԼȴƭҵĻԡ
վԭؾþòŻعԽŸոʯͷ̸;ٶԽоԾҴ׷ѾûʯͷټãȻվҹĻУһʴӵĸо


ڶʮһ ̲ʯ5
ȻͻȻһ˵Ѿˣƽ£ŬԼøǿ
תͷȴ飬վҵʯݱϣҲ֪ǷѾ˸ոʯͷĶԻĿ⿴˵ҲǸɹ뿪Ǳİɣ
ҵͷȻкصǽж˵ĵأ֮˵㣬ڹѾˡ
飺ʯͷҪȥʲôط
˵ҪȥҲͬһطֻߵһ·еĶ
ʯͷҲҪȥ֮ǼȻȥ֮ôΪʲôһȥʯͷһ·ȥʲô˼ѵǼľĹһڡ
֪ʲô˵һ·ʮգһҲߣҲرҾһ˰գҪҲԼЦڲˡ
ô˵ҲЩȻǺ˵µģ˵ȥû֣Ҫ˵޺һȥĻտܴһЩ
֪ǵȷûʲô֣ҵͷ˵ҾԿ
ȴܿ϶˵ԿһҪæ㣬Ǵȥ
֪ԭ·õģҾƺҲһɵ㣬޵㲻Ѿүô㻹˵һ
ңʱͻȻ׳үΪʲôҪ㣬ʱѾڼƻľˣ
˵ޣӦѾ֪Ǽٵˣܲµ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ²һȷǳ¼ҵ˼ٰģҲ˵ֻһ۷תעģǵĿǰǵעڳүϣͿ˺޷֮´뿪ҲΪʲôүͻǰʧٵԵʡ
ȻҵˣôЩʮ˽Ҳ˵ùȥҲ׷ʲôֻǾ޵ݷ֣¼ǳ˳үͻ֮⣬һ治֪תһ룬嶼ǡġٰģô¼ǺܱܿҪĸӵĶöࡣ
޵ݣͻȻٴ˵¼ȻǺ֮㣬ȴԶܼҺҶҪӵö࣬Ĵһֱ޵Ĺϵ¼Һܿһʮֶļ壬ĴҲֻΪʽԻǺЩ
˵Ҳ޵룬ΪʲôܼҵСĶүȴڳ¼ƣܿܺͳ¼Ҹӵļ屳йأ룬¼ҵɵȷܶ࣬롰ġͬʱڳ¼ңⲻǸɺϣܾ۶ү˵Ŀⰲš
г¼ҵѪԴ¹һ˵Ȼţȴǣôǲǿ⣬¼Ĵƺûг֣үͻ壬ֻǸӣǹϵĻҲ˵һ
ǳ¼ҵ˻ô˵һֱµĳ¼ңܿѾڰıһ
룬ҶԳ¼Ҳ˽𣿡
ҿصؿһۣʱҲŷӦ֣֮ôҪڸ˵ݣڱ˵˳ѹò죬ǵͷ˵ȷ֪֮٣Ҳͳ¼ǵĵ͵йϵҲ¼ǺҲһ躹ޣϻ϶ûҵѶ
ҿ˵۾ƿ߼鱨Ҳ¼ҵĵϸô¼ҵȷһܸӵĴڣô¼ҴڵʲôҾܿǽҿ¼ɴһҪ⡣
ƺҲ뵽һЩʲôԳ¼ҵ첻ٶ˵һڳ¼Ƶʱ˽ƹ𣿡
˵ʵƹһ治˽⣬ȻƽＸÿ춼ʲô˭ȴ˿Ҳ֪˶ƹ񣬼үҲ㺰ģҲ֪ôͻȻƹ˸Ȥ
ֻһ룬Ҿ˵ʱƹ£һֱӡ̣ƹ֣ȴûгүȷһܹĵطƹĳ֣ƺζʲô
뵽Լƹӡ϶˵һ飬ҲõϢʲôҲûֻա
˵ǣҰͳȥʱһǸҪ˵޵£ӦæһޣҲЩ⣬ǵڴϺܿ˯˹ȥ
Ҿ˯˲೤ʱ䣬ͻȻ⴫һЩңԶĸһҵĶ߻ţҾþһ޴ҵʯ֮У˹Ǽͬһ
ֻ޺˵ﲻ֪ʱͻȻˣҺôʯݣ˵ӲȴǴӵġ
˵ţͻȻеһҡֻѾѿ˷죬Ѳ٣ٲ˵ʲôҾߣҷȴһ·ϹʱҲŷ漸ˣʯѾһƬŨһشð
ЩʯѾ׵ſȷ˵һʯݽȥġ
ҸѾҽ뵽һʯ棬Ž뵽ʯ棬ҿʯ澹ȻҲһӣҿޣȴһ˵ȥҹﲻһ̾ͻȫݣеػҲµĲԨӣٹһӾͻһƬ𺣣Ȼͻᱻӿĺˮ
ҲЩģҲһҹ֮䣬Ѿ츲صı仯ֻЩֲǵҿʯеӵʱȴ֣ӲȻݵģ˹ģͻȻΪʲôͻȻֵػԭҿ˵ͨµĲǲǣΪǵԵʵڵѣ
Ҳ˵Щûȷ޵Ķڵڵص˴۷κҲϰߡ
뵽ͻȻúܲ˹أ
ȴûзϣֻվӱԵȻ˵СģǲҲڣ
ҲڣѵǾĹµǸţĵطһʲôͨ
վӱԵȴѾ˵СģеĻƶڵ²ĵط㣬һݣȫǵһ֮䡣
̧ͷޣвң޺˽ҵߣʼĮĵزұв׶ҡ˵㣬ĸһЩ
˵֮Уȥ֮Ҳŷһһȥĵص⻹ǿڳĵͨ˲ûжԶȴʯףҲ˵·
ҲҪҵĶҪҵľǴһ·Ҵӵصֻһĵطʯһ£ԣǳŵ¶ȥġ
Һ޴ȥ˵ȥ֮ıؾ֮·֪һ·Ǻ̲ϵǸʯ޲֪ҽȥҲ֪ǸʯҲͨ·֮һȻֶһͨ˵Ȼһ·ҪӰһЩΪʼվǸʯЩŹ֣ǹ졣
˲ԶҿĻƶѾȫװصȺ棬Ȼһ£ȥ£һѷһʯǰʯխÿֻһ˹ȥǿٵعȥֱȥһߣҲû˵﾿ʲôطѾеһͨ⣬Ҳ˵ߵ·ܾܿһʲôĶ
˶ˮƣˮһƬ˶ˣˮдƣЩƹƶģҿЩ̱֧飬һֱѾȥڶֻĴɢʣǼˣҾ˲ҪȻҲŵһ֧ȥ
ŵͨܿѾʯʹӵµĲֳַطԼһֱӿػ𣬿ȴ˿Ӱ죬룬ֻҪݣôҲᱻһ٣Ǹո߹ͨҲطһطν֮
ţҹһ󡰺¡¡ľ죬ĹȻûӦþǴݵӦͬ˵ģһƬ֮УȻˮӵ¹ݵĵطｫγһ߱ľ׺ӵһ֡
ҿеѾڽǱˮϣ֪ĿĵعȻǾĹ׵ʯţ޽Ǳˮһϡ
ҷˮʮˣʮӣʣһЩӦǺ͸ʲôģ֮ǴǱˮȥһ֮ͻȻһ¶ȥڣ濴˿ںܹ⻬һǶȣҶʯʮֹ⻬룬ӦþͨĹȥͨ
棬ҼһشӶڻȥҽǶͷһ½½ȥȥ֮룬ֱӾ˽ˮ棬ĻƶžĹڵˡ


ڶʮ ţ1
һ֧Ӧ̽·ģڶ֧ǹ۲õģǣҪ𾮵׵ţ֮ǰһѾʮϤĵΣѾܵĲͼƻһ·Żô
ˮǱȥһЩ֮ȴıҶԵһ֧ĿΪһ֧鲢̽·ģΪڶԾĹ˽£ǲҪ̽·ģǵְ𣬾ȻǸɱھĹ֮еŮʬ
Ļôڶ֧õģҾãʵ̫Щޣȷһ˿͸˰
ҿһŵĶأⶫӣֱȹҪ࣬ȴģҿЩ˺ؾͽŮʬϺǰͻĹͷ䣬ҹⶫӦԸŮʬģɴ˿ɼ޵ȷѾ˾ܵĲݲ˿Ĳء
ǰȻµ֮ϣһʯ̾ʯ֮ϣٲȻѾʯΪһ壬ʯӦǺʯһ̳ġվ֮޳ҴƣһֱָžڱϣҿʼЩף޺˶ʯڱ߹ȥʱҲ֪˵ǵڱȥ
˾ڱϣֻžڴһʯһĶʯߵӣһ֣ʵĵģ뾮֮俴һ𣬵ȴһ룬ҿʯǸʲôõģǲͷ˿ޣ޺ĻƶĿ⼯ʯ׶ˣҿʯŵĽϲλʯϣһʱҲǾҪȥ
ɾʱȴͻȻеһɰͻȻϯⰵʮִҶЩȣҪⰵȥҺұסʯû¡
ͷϿȥֻһ˸ţ֪ǵڶ֧ˣҿľСӡ
ʵʱҲûע⵽Ҳڶ֮Уڿٴγ֣ҲЩȣƫͷһޣ޼СƺѾ֪ʲô£ֻʯСӿٵؽƣֻһ֣ǼΧʯµĻƱһӿ𣬾͸Сȥˡ
Сķ˿ûпʲô֪һʲôողӿİ
⳯Ҵƣָָʯ޵˼ʯܿǴŵĻʲôģҺʯǱʯ׶˵ʱҲŷʯӦǲʯ֮еġ
֮ȴûһ˿һĶҿǿͷƺڿСȥķҲһۣͻȻףҲڵСȥؿ
ҲŵĻǹᴩĹģһĻأֻнǱھĹ֮еĻش򿪣ſԴţȻСǾȥĻأոӦþֲֵġ
ôһɰӦþǻرĺۼĿǰҵĲ²Ӧþġ
ʱҿ޴ӱóһŹȴʲôֽƳɵȫˮһŵͼֻƳһͼȴ֣ͼҽԺ￴ʯϵĵͼһģһ
ʵǺͺϵĵͼһģһĵͼϡ棬ֻڿͼʱȴͷֵʯһйϵұ⣬ܾǿʯЩ
ȻԼҲӡʯϵĵͼҲֽӡ˴ϣ˵⻹޵⣬Ϊ֪ʯ壬ʵ£ʵ
óһŵͼңȻ֣Ҫһͼ֪ҿͼı£ǽͼ̯ƽˣҿĵһ۾Ѿȷǵķλɨһȫͼھڵͼ½ǣҴͼȻǾҪŵͼϷȥȻطڸĵصס
ĵصףͷҵԺʱͻȻĪش˸սҽţ뵽Ԩǽȥĵط᲻͵֮һԨһ֣
ͼֻעһţ澿ʲôдȷ濴صػһڵ״ģ֮⣬ˣŲԶĵطҸӿ϶滹иĶûбֵĲ²⣬ң֮ҾãʵҲһڣһ֮ڡ
ϸؿţ淢ִŽȥ֮һƬĵط߿쵽ʱͻȻͱһ·Ҳ˵ǽȥıؾ֮·ҿ޵ָһԲεҿ˿ǸطҲµûĻӵͼϱעĵطһ
һ
Ѿ뵽ʲô۶үڵǸ
ҲǸźһģһʬʯҲԶĵطǸ϶ŲѰΪؼǵãǺʧ֮ͨġ
Ȼ޾ҪǵĿĵأ˳·һ·ϣִ֮ҪܶĵطעĺģطҲȷϣһطǺԶ׼ģһӣΪػӵӣӸպôµͼ֮䴩Ҳ˵ǱӺϹȥܵһߣֱľ׺ӣȻľ׺ӵĵºӡ
ҽͼһ飬ǽЩ·߰棬ʱҿͼҲ˼һ;гʲô⣬ͼ٣룬ǻԺһŵͼѭ
ڽͼ֮ͻȻͼһתȴһϤޱȵĵͼѪĹĵͼʱҲŷͼÿһϣעŷλϵʵϵķҸոտģڶķ
޽ͼһתѾ˶ϵλãѪĹڡ
û´⿴ֻһͼͼֽʵһķͼöӦĸطߵķӦþϿȵĵͼӦþġ
ĸλҲöӦĴڡ
ȴһƣҿ˼˵ͼֻǵطʱȴû뵽
ʱѾͼҿٴĹ濴һۣƺԵЩ飬ҲʱͻȻеĪشһˮҵͷȥȴֻһֵʯȻڻ³
ҵͷȥʱŷ֣ʯϴѾһʯҪĿףΪԵʣʯŻ»ȥҲ֪ʯȥ֮ʲôΣǺԣʯӦһĶֻҪȥôǾʹ򲻿š
ңϻصƣҪĸܴ࣬ܲ򿪶һȷ⡣


ڶʮ ţ2
תһ룬ҾòԣСںǼģʱͺ۶үһƤҲڣôСֳ޵Ķ֮У֮Ѿһߣޡ¼Ǻ۶үĹϵͷֻԼҲ棡
ΪҺ۶ү۸ӵĸֹϵĿǰΪֹҶûһ۶үΪʲôڳ¼ǵľ徿Ҿãҡ۶үͳ¼ǵУһһ˵ĹϵϵԽ룬ԽԹһ²
һԿ϶ǣСӳһ޽ǸطģǸطҲµûӦ۶үľ׵ľݵ֮һ֮Ϊصĵط
ȻСȥһأҲ˵СӶϤһʧô˵žǿԷģֻܽȥһεĻء
ôһľ׵ʱҲ۶үǴȥӶ뵽νȴڵرͷԣһϵеĻ壬ʧעġ
ЩʱʯѾȫ׹ȥʯ׹һǣһƵ洫ƺʲôϵһΪҸе˽µŶʱҲôһ𣬵ϾͣȻָֻ֮˳ʱƽ
һʯȥҿСٴδǱҲѾҵһʯϣڼ䣬ұһˡƣǸһа˸ʯҲ˵Ӧа˸أһʯȴƾҳġ
Ϊڵһʯȥ֮Ҳŷ֣һʯȥĵطͻȻðһʯҲ֪ʯܵʲôã֮ϹʱҲŷ֣ϵͼȻǾϸƵģҲ˵һʯȥ֮󣬴ӿʯ˳ϵһʯԣʮģԼȥǸ²ģôҵһʯԵҪ
С֮Ϊ˿ڶʯλãľٶٴһ룬ÿδ򿪵λöǲһģĴȴһйɿԣҲ˵һδ򿪵ȷһδʱĵһʯҲΪʲôͿҵһʯƾСӸϢ
ôҪЩϢһ⿪أھĹ֮УܿһǧĻأǣһȫȻֻҪһǾͽԶ޷š
ȷڶҪ򿪵ʯҿ޳СӴһƣСȷһʯķλĹϷȥ
ػرضʮַʱ䣬󣬴Ǻܷ顣
ҺԵЩΪֻҪȷʯȺ⣬ֻܸɵţһʯȥŴ򿪡
ʱȴһ£˵ǹ죬ȴΪ¼ǿܴĽΪھף뿴һֻ롣
ⶫʱΪһߴð˳ǵŶν֮ҲſͻȻſ˳Ҳʶ롣
ҼˮУɷ롱ĺʱȫΪ˵ֻҪⶫͻʮֿµ鷢ȻʱͭϵȷҲӵġ
ԿⶫͻȻϾʶ˲ΪϣѾᵽһʵԤס
֮ȫǵĴڣҿֱεϣȻ˳һȦȻҲ֪ʲô֮ҲԵúܽţҴҵ￴ģȻӦҲֻ
ֻվڵڶʯϣȻҺޣһֱͣڡ롱غš
ʱɫҿͻȻҴƣԼһЩȥϾͻ֪Сǳ£Ϊվڵڶʯϣ˵⽫ʯϡ
ҳ޵ͷ˵ԼҲһЩǾǱȥֻʣҺֻ롣
ˮƵĹâԿֻһֱҵϣǲԵĶĿһĿ־壬ұܿĿⲻȥȻһ󺰽ҿҲžĹϷȥұλ߿ңͻȻ˾ѵҪҸߣ
ţͻȻһƵġ¡ΪʵˮԵʣܳƣҽţˮ׾;ҵҡվ⧲ˮ״תҵ⿴ؾȥǸʧͷ
ˮҵļҿж׹һţⶫ֮Ҳŷ⾹ȻӣҲһ𣬶Ǻܶ࣬Ҳ֪ЩǴģǽңҾͿӰˮ޴ӰͬʱֻеһҵذƴرסʯŲԼǵҿľ޴ӰʱҲŷ֣⾹ȻǾϾ޴ʯ飬ֻʮ޴ʯһڳ׹ﰵһãˮ棬ʯҲܻⶫǿЦġ
ݹףΩһԶܵĵطһǾڱϣǿʯĽ䡣
ƾҵĹ۲Ҳܶʯ棬Ϊôʯ飬ʯڻѹʯʱʯѣܾܿͻϡ뿪ʯҸˮȲסΣΪʯˮҸܰȻվھڱϡ
ҸҪǣڶǹ⻬ޱȵģҸûпʸĵط
ǼϣСҲҪһԣܲԴУھʯ뾮ԽԽʱ͵ڱιȥҾž׹ȥΪϾһпʸĵطǾʯϵʯ
ҼöŵƿھڱϣнץϵʯӣŲڱǼȻʮֳΪˮ棬ʯͷʵЩ֣֧Ų˶ãһǻᱻˮӰѾǰѾЩʯ뾮ײʯЩϣȴҲʹޱȡ
ҸоһӰѾ׽֣ҸǣҿһʯҵײʱҵľҵؿǵģȻǲƫеײ
ҾܵʯڱϿȥҵһ뿪ʯҾͱҵˮҸоһҵѾȫʹҪǣֻؿžʯײԼȴһ취ҲûС
ΪԼҪ;ʯײϣԼᱻʯѹ⽴ʱͻȻеһɾ޴ҵͻȻͻȻֵˣҸеһʮ־޴ˮγһ޴УҾתű˽ȥٱȥʱҿľϲ֪ʱѾȱһӣɾҵˮȥġ


ڶʮ ţ3
ʯ֮䣬ҸûʱľͻȻȱһӵģҸҪǣȱĿɾһ
ǼˣұʱҲǱתˮŪ˸߻أײǽͣɾҵˮʮִӶײþҪɢһˣһԼĽͷȻһ
ˮѾƽ֮ˮ涯˶ӣҵӸնȴðˮݣʱҲŷ֣ұϵѾ©ˡ
̱ÿЦãһҵᵽʧ֪Ǹζҿٿһұľڣȴ֣ȻҲһĹҾѹûȱĿӣ
ֹͣζ壬Ƿʲôʮֲ˼һžһȦȷûνȱڣⲻǹ죬Ѿǲ˼顣
ҵһֱ©ҽƺѾʱҲŹ˲Щһ·ˮϸȥ
һ·Ҷ۲Ĺӣ˵Ĺ͸ոյľĹһģһҸʲôȻﲢûҵǸʯһ渡ȥѾ˾Ĺˮϡ
ҺȻҲˮʱΪ̧ͷ濴ȥʱԷЩӣԼǵҺʱĹǱˮ͹ģʼھĹ涼ûпӵڣǸոھ̮ʱĪЩӶǱھģ
Ȼ޷ȥ֤²⣬ֻܸˮϣҹ۲ΧȻһյľĹҸҲκڻǳڡ
Ҳ˵Ѿ
ȻѾˣôٱҲãҽ޴ȡȻӽˮ棬ûҾ˲٣εڱϣˮţͼҳһʲô
ʵ֤طʲôҲûУȫһɫĹ⻬ڣžһȦûʲô֣һˮǱȥ˿
ʵ֤ҲһһֱǱԼٲǱȥĵطûκηֻ֣ǱſھڱϴĹҵĴþһĹ֪ҲڣȷҵķĹ
Ȼģȷ˿ҲûУžڽһľʯʲôû֮ҸǱˮס
ȻֻеһԭѣҪǣҷǱȥһ֮ҲǱȥǱȥȴΪұﲻסΪҵӵǸ֮󣬾Ҳ³˷ֺĸƺҪǿֻ࣬ҪǱȥ̾ͻᱻԹ֮Ҷ޷ȥһ㣬ֻܷ
ľҲһûʲôر֮˼ȥҲֻˮ⡣
ʵҲʲô֮ЩſʯϣҹˮƣĹﶼǺڰ׵ģˮƵĹ֧źܾãΪʡ磬ֻܽԼںڰ֮С
ҾſھϣҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ƺĹС๾ࡱðˮݵ𽥱õԽԽ½ˮƴ򿪣Ҿˮˮһ飬ȷˮðҾھĹ롣
ðĲ󣬵ǽһĴˮݾʹӵײðȻ֪澿Ƿʲô£ֻǿðˮɫƺЩ죬ðˮƺҲǺɫģһƬɫܵ򲻶ϵɢ
ֱֻʲôͻȻˮð˳ұЩˮˮϲѡתţˮƴ棬ȴһʬ塣
һߺɫʬ壬֮ǺɫģΪϵףȻԭҽףΪ£Ҳ֪⾿ǲףֻһͱϡ
ҲʱΪʲôð˶ˮݵԭ򣬺ܼ򵥣ǿˮݵĸģǵˣĹȫܷģǴ︡ģ
ʱҾͻȻֵʬһҲܴһᣬˮƳĹιȥ벻һʲôʬ壬ȿ˵سһʬ壬ǲǾ˵гڵģ
εĹ룬ֱԼҲ֮еʱҲŸеҵ嶼ЩͻͻðˮţЩˮݵĸȷǳ
ǵ֮Ҳŷ֣ˮɫȷǺɫģҲ˵棬һȱڣܾܿھĹĵײʬθģ
뵽ϸϸŸոҵĹʱһûϸϸȥ۲ĹľףҲ˵һʱĴ⣬ʧȥһҪҲʧȥж
ˮ룬ץסʬ壬ץסʬʱҸеˮƺʲôڲͣػζҲʱҲŷ֣ʬ϶Ҳ˵Ǳġ
ЩȻϴŵΪһ壬Ҳµòˮ£Ӧһʬ;׻߾ڵ
ڿʬǴźɫµʱѾоֺɫ֮ΪӣҲģ֣ķʽ֣ڣ·ʽ֣ԽԽҾãֺԲһĶһԤУǺɫľǰɫľҲãϺܾܿһ֣һһ޷Ĺá
Σһץʬ壬Űˮ֮ˮƵĹ⣬ҿԿʬģȻûģΪҿһǺһģӣ˵Ĺ㷺һ㣬ҲҲԱ֮ΪײģȻһߺһģһĹײġ
һʼ֮Ϊһʬ壬Ϊҿһ״ȴ뷨ΪҾҲһ߿տӣûʬ塣
ȻûУڶҵĺҲ²⣬Ϊ¶ǷյģҸκһΣҲŻ֮Ϊײġ
ˮ֮гƽһЩˮ֮Ҳŷʵ̫ˣҾýˮϻһЩһ뿪ˮݣͿʼˮ³
ҸҪǣ֣Ҳᱻקˮȥ½ˮƣʱЩðݵˮȴ𽥿ʼϡʧļҿˮϵһɫˮ
קס£ֲľ³ȥһģһɴڸ³ȥһ뿴µԴҲǱ˽ҵϣҵȥĳڡ
Ҹ³ȥˮƴˮ棬ҿԿһֱ쵽ˮ׶ȥĴ׳֪ôģʬ￴ĺףʱҲǱţͷַ˱£ǲҲʲôϵ
³ĺܿ죬Ҹһֱ³Ұ³ķٶҾǴӾ׸ĿҪһЩʱҵĴǣųصǷԽҴǸȥĵطȥ
ǸطʱȻҲеһЩܵĸҪȴס˩µȻȻųȻôĵطҲЩﲻסֻǿţΪ֪һ֣ҾûκˣԼǺˮҲҪ³ȥһ
ԽȥĽָֻ֮Ҹ¼ȥ쵽˾׵ʱڿ˾׵ӣ׾Ȼ͸ոյǸĹһҲţ
Ҳ˵ĹһģһĴڣҲһ
ҹ۲˾ڱϣﲢûνʯҲ˵͸ոյľĹȫͬľĹֻҾɻΪʲôһģһľĹ
ʱѾ³ϣʼն˿ɿƾҶŵƲ⣬ŵĻغܾܿϣΪѾŵĻڡ
Ĺź͸ոǸĹƵĺܲһʯƾͿԿΪʯ̬ȫǲһġ
ĹʯȻϣȴֳһڿն̬ͷѾ֮ͷĻأͷһףû´ӦһףҲ˵ȥҪԿס
˵Կףҵһľҵֱܵȥ䣬㣬ЩϲΪѾоǿ֮ĩٲ뿪ֻ¾Ҫ汻ˮǺˣҿٵش佫һֻ˳ͷλãʱҲŷ֣ȻǴ³ģһֱ쵽ĺ档


ڶʮ ţ4
ѾûжʱȥоΪʲôʯ³һΪʲô˩һ£ֻ֪ұ뾡ţ뿪
׼λãͷϵȥȷ룬˿زȥҽȥ֮ԶתţŤһͬʱһ⿩⡱ˮϵ
֮תһĽǶ֮󣬾ͲˣֹͣҲʱޣȻ׾ͻָƽ
ĵصţ֮ĺܳһʱû˿ĶҺɵؿһͷϵѵҵĲ²ˣ
ȴȥ⶯ʱѾﲻסſǺ˺üˮҾٲ뿪ҾĻˡ
ͷϵ˿ҲĵһΣ㲻ܴ򿪣ҲҪγǵҵְ⶯ʱȴѾȵز棬Ͱⲻ
ʱֻ÷ֻǽҲطЩģҲû취£ɿ渡
ҲŸͻȻֻһ޴ӽҵͷȥֻ׵ͬʱҸеһɾ޴ӽŵ׽Ҿһ˫جסҵ˫ţȻһȻҾѸٵرȥȥòͷϵ
УѾ޷һϢлңֻоߵˮԽԽСȻΧͱһƬž
ֱѹʱ򣬲֪ʱѾˮǺˣѹʱҴһƬڰ֮УҵȫˮˮֻǱһ㣬ˮǼӲĵ棬ʱ³˼ˮֻؿһسƣкŨҵŻ¸У֪ǺˮԵʣֱӣǸ֧һŻ£Ǻȥˮϵر³
һԸоһЩһЩںڰУֻоʲôҲԶĵطܸоĴڣͬʱоģҽ߬ˮơ
ҽˮƴ򿪣ﱻ֮Ҳŷ֣һˮ̶ϣҹӦҸոձ֮оȻˮһֱ嵽ֻʲôطȴһҲûУˮΧͬһܶһȴԱܶҪС࣬ǸһСʯ
ҵĸоȷûдߵȷһ˵ĶǾ£˩ѾˣҲԶĵطڳģĻУʵЩɷˡ
վǸոտǵȷǺˮǺ̫ҵȶһȫûһվȴµˮ̶ϡ
Ҹɴˮ¹ϣȻźںͷȴŸոյΣɺϣԺʼƵľĹҲ֪ôˣҲһǳżɣΪνĺģѾѺϣĪزˣ֪ô롣
ҲΪѾھĹ˰ɣϾʱôľʯҾĹûκεĿڣҸұ֤벻һΣʱͻȻһĹ档
˼ţΧ˲ʱµˮ֮⣬ҵ͵͵ĴϢ֮⣬ǰһҲûС
ˮ̶һ˵ʵȻѾ˹ҾƣͷҲһڷΣ֪ոѹǼЪԵģΪһڰԵ״̬֮Уˮ̶Ժ˹ȥ
֮ʱֻѣÿѹʱͻһƣιȥֵǣһĻ֮ʶģģÿѹ֮ʶʮѣֻ˿ʹѡ
Ⱥһѹʱֻеµ̶ˮƺڲͣεţһ޵ˮˮ̶ﴫ
һЩ֮Ѿеˮҵһֻֻ߬ˮƣִ̧ˮƣȴѵĹУϾȻһҲûУͲʹ
ֻ۾öˮ̶вϴˮԺʲôˮ̶
͵һΪһ롱
ʱʵ£ȻͿЦ֪ʲô©ƫҹˣӵʱ򣬾Ȼ룬Ҳ˵һ޷ıʡ
ԺҽΣͻȻˮұû棿ҲûܵģֻҪ̶ˮڵΣǾӲ˵ġ
Ҿĳֲֻƽĳ棬Ϊÿһ֮ıʶǾĶǵģᷢľĶǵ£ʱû뵽
û뵽ȴѾоˡ
ΪҸеˮͬʱһеߵĶ
֪£˽ʯײҲ˵ڶܿʬڶ
ʬӣΪľҲһЩŮʬֻʣһƤʬдͷʬоǾˮȴɻɺԵĸʬ
ԺʬֵܳӣҺԼи׼Ҳֻ׼ѣΪҪϮҵĻҸûһķ
һֱڴײоʲôˮ¼ȻǷյģôӦþ±ŶԣһнϴģҰſԴ򿪵İۣô˵ĻʬӦþǻˣԼ⿪£ôǻ˼ʬ塣
ʱҾԼɣЩ֮⣬еľһֱˮ̶Ľһġ롱ʯ
ٴŶ˶ӣһҲʹϣ⾿͸֧ȻΪǺˮԵҸֲ壬ڶģתһ룬Ҷˣһʬ壬ҲǺ
ֻǽײһ֮ʧˣӦʬȫ˲ŶԣҲãȴʲôҲûУʯΩһеģĽ
ĵȴܿҺܲͷΪҾһϵĥȴ޷ȷʬǷѾˣǷھͶҵߣһųªڿҡ
ƾҶԺڰֱӦûжģôʬǴֱ֮Ӿˣ
Ҳû뿪Ϊֻ֮ײȴû
ɻŵȴûܾΧպܹ죬Ŀ־ʼڻңҵһȫ


ڶʮ ţ5
ߣȴһֱǾ£֪ڵҵָҲ˵״Ȼ֮е£Һܿͻָԭ
ҵֿ־еʱͻȻеƺһӰңе˳֮һˣʬ壬ʬ壡
۾ӰڵǸط۾ʵǿģӰȫһַĵĸоǾˣһǽض۾գգһ¡
ȻҵĶܳƣʯ棬ȴǺңԼֻң֪֪Ϊʲô
ҵȻ֪ҡҡͷʱҲŷԼã˵ȴ˵һ֣ƺ֪˵ʲô˵㲻ż֪ôģΪҾ㣬ҡֲǣ˭˭˭Ҳ֪ҲŪ¡
ĻЩ֣һʱҲЩ벻ͨ˵֮ԻѵĲе𣿡
һֱؿȴ˵֪ȴеǳ֣ҷǳ֪ԼΪʲôһĹĹĹһȴֲһġ
Ȼе˵Ϊ֮УһʼѾ棬Լȴ˿һڰɫѪĹ¿ʼ
壿һڰɫѪĹ£
ҲȫΪĿǰΪֹһ֪ʲôҲ˵ҸͲʲôһѾȷҵһµأһ壬壡
Ҳʱˮ̶ͻȻؽƺܵʲôһֻġ롱ʯţͬʱȴеߵӰȴͻȻʧҿòǴո˵ҿһңһֱڰиҵģҳһģһˣҲѪĹǸһԼ
ûȥΪľ֮һΪѸ͵ˮʲôˮһԾӣʱֻеһˮײҵϣԿˮ̶ˮھҵصš
ʼһҲ˵ڣֻˮײϵˮеڶ
ˮԽԽңԵظеʲôι뾪һ֮󣬾ûһҲžңԶĸһͻȻ֮䱻ס˲ӷĽƵģҲӦǱˮˣˮ淢ġ
ӶߵˮжϣҿȷܿһˣҵĲ²ǶԵģΪҸе˵̧ˮƵ֣ȻˮƴҵţˮƱ򿪵Ȼʯֻʪ͸ʯͷվǰһ䵽Ŀ⿴ҡ
ǵһοʯͷĿ⣬Ŀƺʲôڲͣţ˸ţڱһˮȻ˵ҿϵʱҾһֺܲõԤУȴû뵽Ȼ㡣
ʯͷĻƺһֺܲõζΪʯͷĻƺһΣյζʯͷ̬Щϰߣû˱ҸʯͷƢ̬ǶңԱҲ̫ԽĮԽԵԽǡ
ȻңôģǺ͡ޡǴһڽȥôͻȻᵽˣ
Ҿʯͷҳ²ǾȣģʵǺ¡
ҿµһΡ
Ȼ̾һڶӣַҵĲϣȻң֪𣿡
ͷȴԼˣֻ۾һȻ飬Ȼ˵ʯ
һֱȻҷ˫ִҵҸ´ҵļ罫Ҵˮ̶ϳǽڱϡ
ʵҲúƣȻʯĻôʲôΣΪʲôȫ޷ʯͷҿ֮˵ԽԽˣǻ㹻ʱ䣬ʱȴҲѾˡ
Ҳ֪ʯͷ˵ʲôʱ䣬Ҳ޷ֻǿˮһ飬ȻҵʱѾһ£ʼգҲѹⶫ¡
һǴ֮пʱʱɨ£Ҳ˵֮װµӣʵǣһ¡
ȻֻҪתһͿµ֮ţִȻʯϵģӦһĹϵŶԣҪȻԵ޹ʵʯʲô
ʯͷʯﻷһ飬ڻԱ߶ңֻƺ沦ŪţǾڸʲôȴ
ŪºһȻվ߶£Ȼ̧ҵַģֻǸͼѾ˳һҪҵһη֣ͼƺҼǵʼҵģڣѾԽ󴦵Ĺؽڣƺڳҵֱӡ
Ȼʯͷһ˵ʱ䡣
ƺʯͷ˵ʲôЩ󶮣ʯͷȴٶ˵ҵַŻȱϣȻ˵Ǹģʬأ˵濴ʲôûУ
ӦǺˮһģǲǸҽģҾҺӦǱˮİɣ˵˭˭ġ
Ȼ±򿪵ȴûиоʲôȻʱΧһƬڣֻ˵ҲûиоκζںֵǸһģһǴðģȴö֪ˣԶʯͷ⣬Ҹ޷ش
ʯͷҵƺҲ֪𰸣㲻⣬ҿֻǴҵĽűʲôʱҲŷ⾹Ȼ˩µʯͷôһѣҲſһǲϵģһϣҲ˵ʱȷΪҵԵʴġ
ͻȻ˳أ㵱ʱˮٴҲ޷ҺΩһĿܾǣʱһҼĺɫˮݣǶĸŵġ
ʯͷ㾪ȵ飬ǽϽ⿪ֻЩôһϣҾȻһоҲûУҲʯͷѣҾȻûз֣Ҹɻؿһ£ֻƺЩ
Ȼʯͷ㲻˵ҲʯҸеɢһĪĮƺЩ̫ǰ֪Ǹʯͷ


ڶʮ ʬף1
ʵһ֮ѾԶҵָľˣܿѾ˿£ֵԼ𾪣ҲеⲢһ£ΪʯͷıƺѾʶǱڵΣա
ѾʯͷѾվϽͳң˵ڽʱʯͷϰġ
ҽӹʱϿذңȴܼլĵĹˣһֻ˵˾Ͷˣһذ׶ѡ
ܾЩΣϾ֪ذ׵ر֮Ȼʯͷ˵ұҲ˵ʲôĻԵˣֻټȺһҪذ׸ûȷذ׾ڰҵϡ
Ȼȥ£µѾˣֻĹһûżȻӣôӦþǿԷһ˵Ŀռ䣬ֻ£ݾ˵죬ûʲôˡ
ʯͷѾˮ̶һЩ¾һڹײһرˣ룬浱һ߿տӣһףֻǹصװˡ
ʯͷףȻֿ˵Сģɽȥ
۾һ¹ףĻҵ߻࣬Ŀռ俴ȥҲݵɽȥ
ʯͷôһ⣬ɽȥɽȥ֮Ҳŷ֣¹׶˵ȻǸոպãһܲеĻ˵Ǻܺ
Ȼʶ޷ʺϵʱҵļѾ⣬ǲ˵¹ױΪҶ׼ġ
̧ͷһʯͷֻѾøӱȻ˵Ȼ
ʯͷ仰ҿʯͷһЩԾҴ¹ֱʱͻȻе͵һհףžһЩ񣬽ԺƺһʶĸоƺĳһʱҲһģһľٶΧҲƺйһģһ龰
һȻȻعһæ¹ʯͷȴһֱڿ˵СģҲԽԽ˽ˣ
ʯͷ⻰˵һ˵ľʯͷôˣôͻȻ֮˵Щ
ʵʯͷ˵ʱ͸еЩ̫Ծһ治ɫڶʯͷΣʯͷ⻰ûж⣬ȷʲô벻ͨ¡
˵ʯͷȡȻ򿪷ˮֽƺʲôʯͷ򿪣ȻĶݸңʱҲŷһƬһſȥµĲɫƬҲ˵Ƭõʱ䡣
Ƭ棬Ǻ͵һģһһ¹ף¹ױڿУţ֪¹׵һϸһڲĵط߼λãϸһɺĴһ塣
ȻƬĻϼһߣ̬Ȼƾһȷ¹׾һߣתһ룬ʯͷƬǴӱĵطģô¹׾͸һˡ
Ƭ¹ӦǱǶģΪƬϣԿһʯڣҿԿ϶ǣƬĵطΪ¹׹ŵĺȻһĹҡ
ѵܼլµĹ
Ҷʱһ²⣬ΪǸطкһĻһһʬ壬ʬǱ͸ľʯġ
ʯͷʱҶ˵ǡġĳƬĵһЩƬһ߾һŰ꣬˴ƬǴ棬ƺҳܶĿ֮
Ƭǡġĳģʯͷ˵һ߾굽һŰһֱƬʱҵʱðͷǣһŰһʱľ׵ͭУôȥĵģ
Ҿ;ԼŵʵҲѾͱ߸ˣΪʵ֤ǡġһû׿ڵõ֤ʵӦôˣҲ˵ȫȥЩطգֲûܵ¡
ʯͷ֪ʲô˵Ҳ뵽ǲǣ
Ҳ֪ʯͷǷ֪ǡġ£ǿӣƺ֪һһʱҲ޷ȷ֪ʲô֪ʲô
˵Ŀܲԣġľʬһֱû뿪ôһŰһ֮ĵõƬģ
Ҿ˵Сģû˵ġѾȥ£ʯͷӦѾһĲԣֻԼƲ⣬ܴҵĻƲѾ֪͡ġһ˵£Ҳ֪;֪֪˵һ֪һֱҡ
ʯͷȴûбֳ仰ֻ˵뵽ɵ
ʯͷҲһ֪ġʬ£ԲŻʱġ
ʯͷķȴǴһƫĽǶȣҾȻеֻ˵ӦüġĵЩƬôûУġĵĶȡƬºϴģ򡮷ġҪľΣѵһξΪգȻڶֻΪ˷ƬȻ˵ȥģҲ²⣬õľֵõ
ʯͷ˵һ벻һұôһ˵ɵǸʱֻ»ûɣ½ûеġ
ʯͷͷ˵ûУǺУϸزȷʱġõľǱʱҲǵʱΩһļʱǸʱպöԵϡ
ʯͷȻϸ룬ôһϸڶӶŪô˵Ļˣһɲûļһɵ㣬ȻУôǿ϶ҲǿȥˡֻǾּ֪ʱƬܷ̫ʱ䣬ôܿЩȱƬҲһֽˣϣ־ȫһ֮еɺϣΪҾЩƬǹҪҿģΪʲôһ벻ͨ
Ȼʯͷ˵Եʱ㿴ЩƬǺڰգҲΪĹϵΪճԼдߣֻǵˡġľ׳֮ҲһŰһ֮ɿ˲СġǩƬأЩƬȻǺڰգȴҲвɫģ
ƺʯͷĻѾʲôҲ˵ƬǼļõˣеƬģ֪ǸֻеƬſϴɫƬ
ʯͷ΢Сϸȴ͸¶һҪҲ˵ʱġġһˣ
һˣ˵ʲôҾòǲһˣһģһˣȴͬһˣ
Ҳ˵ǡġĸ壬ҼԿ϶һ㣬ġġǻ壬ôҿЩڰƬӦǻľĵģʯͷҿţĸĳġ
ǵ뵽һµʣʵġġյǸˣ֪һֻһˣô˭ʯǾʬ˭һֱڰгֵǸҳһģһ˭
ȷһ޷͵⣬Ϊκ˶ûйǵУʮַѽ⡣
ʯͷȻû뵽ԼǼƲȥ˵һԤУĳЩƬǡġĳǹɢǵģĿģȴû֪ǴĵЩƬ˵϶޷Ӵܣ㿴Ƭڿ֮ǰ֪¹״ڣ
ʯͷ˵Ѿ¿һġġҲǻ壬õǱļļյĿģȻΪоáĸ塰ġõнҽЩĳƬӦǼĸ˲ͬˣҲ˵ܿܵĶÿһ˶յƬ뵽Ҳҿһ¼˵֧ʵʮˡ
һ˲䣬ͻȻãֻġΪ˱һڶ֮кӰһա
Ĳ²ȫΪ뵽ˡġǸյԱĹϵ£ġԼֺαԶȥұʱܿġڶ֮Уһգһڶ档
İţȿ鿴ֲ˲ġĻɡ
ʱΪʲôľ׿СġֵƬдϡòסĸ֣òףΪʱӰʱգڶ֮СĽƬ֮УȻ˴жԱȿȻٿ˵
ҲͿԽһƲ⣬ġ£һǱ֧һرܵģ
Ȼ룬־òԣΪľ˵УϿȵ˶ûἰһġ£ġԼֻδᣬǲ˵ڵ£ȫһСŶӵܣκʱ򶼲ܹǵĹһ


ڶʮ ʬף2
ʲôΪʲôܽġ£ȴҪűˣ
һ飬ҿʯͷӣƺ˿֪ѵμҲʧˣʯͷ˶мϵĶʧʱһ֧龿Ƿʲôľޱ䣬ű˽ģʧʧ䣬ӵӣ
Щʧٵʧ٣ٲŪҪֻ¾Ҫˣ뵽סҼȻѾľףŪ£ȻصٽЩŪˮʯ
붨ǽ˼صһƬУոֻΪһƬʯͷͲµˡġݵĹ죬ҰպպȻѾˡġݣʱ䣬ʱȴҳĺ꣬ѵҲǣ棬֣᲻ᲢΪи˵ĴڣȫΪң
ô˵Ļ˭˳ΪʲôʱҪȥˣ
Ҿһ֮Уֲ򵥣Ҿƺʮǰʼ߾ڲ֣һ·ϵľ֣Ѿǧ֮á
壬ѵıĺģ
ԽԽԶʯͷĻٴνһصʵ֮У˵ƬյģӦǸõƬϴģóôְ꣬ͲסˣȻǵĿľ㡣
֪Ѿ˱ģܼլĹҾѾе˲ͬѰһһʵ죬ܾãⱳһиӵıΪʱڵ£ҷекüͬʱš
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ʯͷĶ͸֪ԶԶܱȵģҿƬ˿оҲûУȻҲûУʶ֮⣬ĻʲôҲûС
ƬϵĶܿޣƬص㶼¹ϣϸؿ˿ȴֺɫ¹ƺЩ
ҿô¹׵ĺɫһһǳأʯͷˮսһЩŷ治һһǳ¹һӰӣҺȻһ˵Ӱӡ
ӰӺģֻһͷӺͼľҲˣҸͲȷǷ˵ӰӣҲǸ塰ġӰӡ
ҾͿ϶ԲǡġӰӣȻյ˾ǡġĸ壬ôݾӦú͡ġһģһҶĹҵĸ߶жϣĹӦߣ¹ߣţ˱ڶһҵľ룬Ҳ˵滹ߣҴ¹ͶʯϵӰжϣյվ棬ͷֻܵ¹׵ϥǣѾǲˣ¹ϵӰǵ¹׵ĲλõģҲ˵¹׵ĲԶӦûһˣǺڲĸ߶ȣ
һǣҲһŵˣǻ᲻Ĺ棬һ¹ף
ûпʵ֮ǰеһжϹ£ҸоյҪ¹׸ĳͨƬǵԵϢ棬һϢ¹ϵӰͨӰǸһһЩʲô
ʯͷ֮ǰҲûзӰĴڣʱҲЩɫҿóƺ֪Ƭеطȴѡ˳ĬҲ֪ʲôңһֱ˵
Ҳ׷ʣƬѾ˺ܶϢҽƬֽ·Żص
ֶ¹ؿһܿú֮⣬ģһ濴ʲô
ʯͷȴ䲻һ䣺㻹ǵʬǿĺ𣿡
ҵͷ˵ǵãȻǵãһ߻ƽʬʬȱ˯һ
ʯͷ˵һֲ²⣬ֺҲӿԱʬһ˵бֲϵĹЧ
ʯͷϣһЩĽͣȻ˵㻹ǵϿڵ֮ŵ鲻ǵãڵ֮ʱĺܿ죬һ൱ĺü죬ǿĴԵǲǣ
ҵͷ˵ġ
Ȼʯͷ˵ôǲǿı䣬һ죬൱ü죬ı仯ȴͬҲ˵˶೤ʱ䣬ǵͷⲿʱı仯γһʱҲ˵һ죬ʵѾѾȥ˺ü죬ı仯ȴֻ൱һ죬Ǿͳɹ͵ȡʣʱ䣬仰˵ǵͱ˶Щʣʱ䣬ȥǵǲǾͻӳ˺ü
Ҿ㵵ؿʯͷʯͷ˵޵ǻǺ壿ȴһôΪʲô
Ϊ˳ţȴΪ˻Ŷţ
ʯͷ˵ŹȻû壬ǶһЩ˵УĹˣ
ҵıʯͷѣǻش˵ĸ
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ʯͷȴһת˵ҲֵܣֻκҲû뵽˼飬˵ֻţһëΪķ֣һŮõǰδеķչҲǸе˿־塣
ʲôĿ־壬ҹʯͷԼҲ֪Ҿ͸벻벻ȫܴĿ־壬ǻ
һԿ϶ǣŮչÿǰ󣬵ǺȴˣһǷôشıʣǲŽ÷ʯôϿȷŮɽҪģ
ĸĴڣػȷûκ˽򿪣ڳѿǾ͸·ס
ҲǣΪʲôҲҵһŶķʽйصݼ
ѵĸ˾ԶػУͻȻı⣬Ů壿
Ұľֻһ¹Ҳܺ˽ܵϵÿһ£ƺѾܵؽһ𣬸޷ֿҿɲ˵˾ԶʱѾ͸ÿһ֮Уֻһӣ
ҲⲻţǾԶⲻеһʡ
̾һĹȻǿµģΪһ𰸣Һܿûд𰸵ʣȻ׿һУԼ


ڶʮ ʬף3
뵽ԼΣҺγֲЩǷǷǺԶʱƴͽУȴƴ˳ȥݵԽԽ֣˵ΣֽﻢµľأѾݲκԥ
һǰңԼзģڳ¼ǵƣүүٵʱȥĻҲһǰǸңԻƽƽ
һжǻԣ֪ԼҪȥԼ־˭
ұҵ࣬µһҶڻƭ֮У˵Լǻŵģ
ֱȥһ죬֪ҵĴھʲô壬⽫ұĿ¡
ЩȴͻȻʯͷһƺ˵н̤һҲ޷ֲ
ҿʯͷһۣȴһֱˮ̶ߵһ¹ϣ૵Ȼиж֪ǣ˵⻰ʲô˼
ʯͻİһΣվݷߵԤУΪոĳ֣룬֮϶ֻһƽֻ
ҼȻѾʯͷˮʯĳڴߣ֮ӦþͨʯӦȥıؾ֮·Ŷԡ
ʯͷҪ뿪Ǿ¹׾ܾþƺЩףǾûиʯͷȥʯͷûŤͷ˿ң˵ⶫܾܲͰɣ
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ܾĻЩԾֲ֪Ծһԥžô죬ֻʯͻȻһҵˮȻҿжѾ¹׵ϣƺڽȥ
ҿ龰ʱֻһϸڵĶ¹ϣ⾿ʲôȴѹ֪Ҳ
ѾԥسȥǲһӾѾסʯͷС˵ǿߣ
䣬Ҿֻһͷȥֻǽͱһһʯصһʯж
ڿͬʱҼԿ϶һõǿʯ棬ҿӡ
ЩӺڴһģһҲһкܶ࣬ʯ档
ǵҾãƺʯǽ϶ģ䷢ʱһҵˮ𣬽Ǿ¹ѾˮС
ֻˮԼԼؿһϸڵĴһĶɾʲôȴ֪
Щʯʧȥʯϵʯ½½شʯɢǹ
Һʯͷ㵽һϣЩֹµµعˮ̶֮Уһ˻ûټӳأӦǳˮȥˡ
ҿһʯϵĿֻ滹ӣ½½شڿεʱʯͷͻȻע˿棬ƺǷʲôһҲһƺһӸͨ
뷨ʱһһʯȥڣͨôǸһ
ʯϵһƺҪرһЩңȻͨΪʲôҪӸ
ʯӼѾ֮Ŵյıϣȷһһȥͨ
ӹ뵽ˮ̶֮Ҿͷˮ̶ЩΪٴο˴ˮðĺɫˮݣˮðʱ򣬻̶ˮǣҲ˵ոҶˮ̶ˮǵĲ²⾹Ȼˣ̶ˮڿٵ
һԥͨһȻȻԥȴʯϳֵͨʯһڣ˭ܱ֤ⲻһ壿
ʯͷ뷨һ˵
ȻҺⶼһҲٲԥȥҽˮҲңǺԥȥȥʱʯﴫһֵֺһ֡ļʲôʯں͵һһͷȥʯͷȴں˵ͷϽȥ
ٲԥͷʯͷ˵һԼСģ
˵ҾȥȴʼһΪҸоѾ˺ԶʯͷҲûи
ҾòԾͷȥۻȥԶȴĶѾʵˣʶʯͷǹҪģ֮ڶ
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ֻܼдš²ͬСġ
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Ҳʯͷʲô⣬ܴӡǸطŻôʲôǿסģ
ͨѸٵȥȻʱ޶࣬ôҾ͸Ҫϧÿһÿһ룬ʯͷһһԼҲ˿һڲͬСġ
Ҵˮͨȥһͨʯǽͨʱһ֪Ҫһ¿Կ϶ģһ֮ȥġ
һۣͨҲǺֻܳͨԽԽԽҼվ˱ڶ׵ľ룬ֻƬ̣Ѿһʮ׸ߵĿط
ʯڵʱǴһʯϳģҴʯʱˮȴһž޴棬ֻ治Զһ˫޴ͫؿҡ
ע⿴Լڣʲôʯڣҷһž޴߳ĵطʲôʯһ͡
˾޴ͣһǵһμ;֮󣬿ʯ˸ӴҽˮϸϸشһȦڷֶֻһž޴ӣҲ˵һž޴ͷ­µĲȴ˵£ֻܿŴţǶž޴ͣȴǷŵġ
ֻͷҳһžž޴Ӿ໥ţͷ­ľʯ̳ģҲԼǵʲôطֵȷ̫տˮƵĹղȫҲԶʧǰž߽һЩŷž;Ȼһš
ôӦþ֮ͨȥˣҸ̾ǣ֮ǹ֮͸¶ЩأҲ˷˼־ʲô벻ľ


ڶʮ ʬף4
ңﲢǰģȻҾþֻһΧȴһֱһഫϸϸĿһ
˵ϲǼٵģѭԴϸϸȴΪһأǺͻѾΪһ壬Ǻˮ¡¡һ
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ҲԶӣһͷĹˮƿԴ򵽵ķΧ֮ڣһӰʹʯһһشСģСġ
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ԱһЩʯĲߵʱ򣬵µ·Щߵʯ·ոʯġ
ҵĽŲЩʯϡ֨֨죬ⰲĺڰи̶ǵ߹ʱ򣬺ֵȥͻȻûˣˣǣȴܵӭ洵ķ磬Ũصʪƺ˳ˮ
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ѵ˵ºӱߣ˵һߣ
ǼǰߣʱҼѾ˸ոպҵǸֻ뿴һƬˮľȴ˸ո˺ҲŽġ
ԽǰߣˮԽңѾ˻ĴھʯϵƺѾӿ˻ˮƽеķΧ£ҿԿͣӿ˻ųǳһĴЩʯϡ
Ҳֻʯľʯľʯȴ٣ںڰоһεضľ޴̣ڶصǰҹΪһ塣
ˮﻷһ飬￴ȥȷЩʯ̲ӣٽƹˮϣˮղͷǴ˻ľҳ̶ⲻһԸһƬһһƬڵµĺ
ҼЩãȻЩʯ֮䣬˻ͣشҵЬӺͿűʪҲȻ˻һ·ţҾȻ֣ȷһƬ߲ͷʯ̲
ľ׵ĵô˾޴ĺڣԼʹĸоȷⲢҵĻþ͵ػعҵĺ紵ϣôһ˲Ĵһ͵شͷƤżս
ֻоһĪĿ־ҵڶ𣬾ڵ˻һ䣬ͷһꡣ
Ҿվʯ̲ϣôһִҪҵģһƬΪʲôطȴֻ֪ҪԾƬȻһȥ
һ޸ҿĵͼǵں֮䣬ûԶľ룬ҲûлһƬӣؼǵã沢ûƬͷֻת˲ţΪ飬ҵ˼״ҡ
ֻԭһƬҹ֮ͻȻһƬ׹⣬һƬ׹ϵļһˮʱɵ˰ߺҹֻǿͻȻֵĹ⣬⣬¹⣬ǵƹ⣬ȴ¹һۣȴ
ȴûջߺϵκζʱҵȷõģһƬ糿֮ȥŨںϡ
ţҿ׹֮ͻȻʲôȻֻһµأͱһޱȵĽҿʱ򣬲Ϊĺΰ۷ҪĻֻ˵ֽܴڵĶ
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ʱȴڲԶʯ̲ϣһ˵Ӱһۼһ£Ӧ֮ˮطȻһʯϣһˣң˻ʹھʯ֮¡
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طԵ޹ʳһˣ죬ǳһ˭
ŵ·Ϊ죬Ҳ֪ܿʶˣ˭һȷ
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ʼնңֻһƽģƣֻʶ֮ûйƽ飬ȡ֮Į
ڿʱĵһֱͻȻһ£ܿܣܼլֱƭˡ
ֻ˵һֱδ뿪
ˣ컹ԺģȾ¡


ڶʮһ ʬף5
˵ƽһһ˻УҶƺҲڸһ£ϴľ׳֮һֱûлȥľס
һ߽飬Ȼ˵Сģһ˰ɣ
ָ֪һģһĸˣֻû뵽ֵĸ˻Ὣȡ֮Ҵӽľ׿ʼֻѾ켣˰ɣһֱӰģ֡
һԼ׿ڸ룬ҷʵ
ֵͷ˵Ҳһңһ֡
ʱ׹˵ǡľγڡġʼġһֱһӰεذǵġ
ҵͷ˵֪
ȴЦҾ쳣ţʶֺܲһȻֻ˵˵Ӧüһ棬ʯӡ
ʯӣʱޱȾȵĿ⿴Ĳ˼飬Ȼ֪ҽʯӣң仰˵ҳϦദֲĵȷȷһˣܾܿ˵ġ
飬ȴתͷһƬ󺣣Զһ˵ʯӣҲƭ㣬ҵļ棬ֻĵһμ棬ټģѾˣġ֡ǡҲ˵ĸˣһԸΪΪԼҲ֪γƺЩˣΪĳЩʱǾԼ
ҿ֣˵һμĻôǶڱӰε֮УҾȻ˿Ҳûвת룬һμֻȼ仰Ҳ˽һʲôˣɡȡ֮Ҳ˵ʶģʵ֣ǡ
ֻҿΪʲôүͻҲƤ뵽͵ش˸սֻǲûϳѹһң
ֲѪĹ棬ֺĶܷһԭһʼǾͲһ·ˡ
˵һɣʵⲢ⣬֮ûңΪ㽫ǿеĸ˺͡Ϊһ塣
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Ҷؿ֣ϣһȷеĴֵͷ˵ǵģȷһ
ôܣҲ˵˸֮⣬߻СĴڣǡʲôǺһģһ˵ĴƣǱ⣿
˵ģ֮һͬµص֣ǡңҲǸˡ
˵ʾҹȥ߽ߵľʯվӾʯԾȻתʯҪȥ˵ҿһ
ұ㲻ٶʣתʯȻվ˾ʯı棬ʯԶĴͣ˻վھʯ£ؿžʯʯڣ̧ͷȥȴһ¹׾ھʯϣżźҡš
ֿ¹ףָŶ˵Ҫ㿴Ķ
˵ҿʯһЩȥھʯţܿҾͿھʯƺõʲôţһɣ߹ھʯϵ¹׾ϵʯײ
ŴӾʯҿϿһģһ¹ףֵװʲô
ȴûлشңӾʯ֮󣬾Ͷ¹ԱߣȻҿ¹ػţ֪ڴ¹ףֻ¹׵ĿһصġȻ¹ڹ׸ǵĵطȫ򿪣ҵˮʼն¹ϣ򿪵һ˲ҼǱ˺²װŵĶ
¹׳ױ򿪣վһֺĮ̬վһԣҿ˿¹ʬ壬ֿ֣˼غǡ
˵ҵĸˣܾúܾǰҲǲ֮ǰѾȥ¹׽װ棬ʬĲ
ֵĸˣҲΪҪΪʲôҪ˵ʬҿ¹ʬ壬ֿվŵ֣ʱŴոյĻ֮дһζ
˵ìܣ˵ܾúܾǰȻ˵˲ǰìܵ˵ƺһ߼ϵۣȴѾʲôʱ⣬˵Լ⡣
֣㾿ʲôˣ
ֿңӽ¹ºЩϸһ˿ó˵ʬܰϧ¹׳ױʱʵʯϣأ¹¹
ҿ̲סڣΪʲôҪھʯϣ
Ƴһۣȴʵ˭Ǿʯģ
ֵ仰עȥϸźڶľʯͨɫҹΪһ壬ҲŵŲ˼ؿڣӣ
ֵͷָƬʯ̲˵ﶼӣһû뵽ɡ
⵽µʯ飬ȻȷʯӣǵȷӣһʼȻ˿ûп
Ŵ˵ΪԵʣŻ˿ҵķˡ
Ҿ˵ǵ£ķ磬һܾ˾޴˻ԭΪӵԵʣôƬ֮УһҲʯ飬ҲӲŶԣķˣȫΪĲͬʹżġ
ּͨ͸˼˵ҵȥ˵ɣҺɻôҵģ
˵ʯ̲ߣںȻ֮ǰǸһģһǴ̸ֹ͡źܴĲͬסǲ˵ס
ұЩ⣬һһԵȥҺʯ̲˼ӵ·̣ͿǰһںСʯݣӦ˵ݣΪ˵ûʯͷģȫǺҲ˵ӣʯ̲϶ǡ
뵽ʱҷһŴ뼸֮ǴǷʶһ壬һӶûУĶ͸˵ʲô֮ľ͸ûˣΪһ⣬ҷ򵥵ƷûУҺܺ棬ǿʲôȥģʲôΪʳ
ڷ£ΪûеƹܵԵʣҺܲϰߣˮʱޣ˵˰ɣϰĺڰ
ˮƣֻܴ¸о־߲ԶǾȴо۾ǿκζ
˵һֱס֮еĻô˵һֱĺڰ֮
ֿǿʣǺҴͷ˵סԭ


ڶʮ ֣1
ʶҵˣ֣ǣȴû֪ҵ
ֻǵҳһƫƧɽǸɽȴѾǵá
ΪЩ֮ǰļ䣬Ωһ̵ֻһֵͼͼҲģƬһ˼ʵ̫Щǲˡ
ʱ뿪ǸɽЩҶǵˣ֪֮ʱ뿪ģЩ鶼ܼҵ˺˵ġԺҲܼ֮ҲĳգǼ׵ȴؼǵԭ֣ػʺ顣
һܷ˼£Լһܲ˼£һ겻ĺӣǲԼĸĸǲԼĹ磬ûκμ䣬ȴؼǵԼ֣־һϵӡԶ޷ǡ
ܼҵҷȴˣȷһܿЦ£ΪܼҼû˺ҵ֣յģ߰ػϵġ
ܼһֱʮ꣬ʮռʱܼһˣ̫ү˵۶үԺҾ͸˵ȥһط
ҾȻ۶үġ޷ҵһο𾪣۶үңﱻ֮ΪԺ
Һ۶үΪʲôҪһԣվںϵľʯţź˻һ䣬һһ졣
֮˵һ죬ǰʱģΪҲкҹͰģʱǺҹʱԵʱҶﻹܿ־壬ΪҸ޷ﾹȻһط
⿴ĵһƹǴӺ﷢ģҲǸʱҲ֪аģνİ죬ǴӺ׷Ĺ⡣
һҹΪҲǰһһҹѭģ۶үңʱĲһһôһûнͣҵһ֪ҲǾʮ
˵ʮ꣬ʮ꣬Ҵӽ뵽ط뿪ĺҹͰ㣬Ӧûʮ졣
ʮ֮Уն۶үһںߵľʯϣ۶үǵĵʮҹ뿪ˡ
˵ʵֱڣҶ֪۶үȥһգƬͻȻдҹҼ崬ӣ۶ү˴ȥ˺һߣߵʱ˵࣬˵Ļһ䶼ûЩҲںһһЩ֮Ŷġ
һӹɵģ۶үֻ˵˵һҴϴ˵֮ǰҵȥһˣҪһ
۶үֻ˵˵ֽзģҲʶˣǼס֡
ʱҾһֱھʯϿӺҹ滻ɰ죬ִӰ滻ɺҹȻ۶үû˵Ҹоƺػʲô
һοҳһģһĸˣһ졣
ʱողŴӺƽһھʯϣȻԼӣҴȥΪסݺھʯϸʲôΪʱѾ֪Ƭʵġ
ȻڹΣȴ䣻Ȼӿȴ޷ˡ
Թ棬Ȼˮĸоȴˮ׺Ψһ֮ԶΣ㶼ᱻų嵽ϡ
ںˮһɺǿὫƵߣζ޷ܣҲ˵ˮȻ޷ˣȴҲ뵽
ӼӾ磬ÿÿҹƺһЩ˿־龰ԺȻЩ龰ǶҵԺҼһ֡
֮ҼѾ׵߸ҽʮļ䣬ΪһģҾҪ֪ٱ
֪Լǰػϵĺᣬҽаػʺ顣
Ȼ£ȴ֪Ժ֮оʲôֻ֪һҪĶұš
Լĸˡ
ȻģҲʶҾ
ҼʱһܳصĶҲ֪ǴģŵĶʲô֮ڼҵʱһ㶼ûоȵɫƺѾ֪Ҿ
صĶڵϣȻ֪и˴ڣȴʼûмڼʱٻЩȣҵĵһ仰ȴҴġ
ҳһƫƧɽش⻰ߣ˻ȥΪҺļңҲġ
Ȼ⳹ʵңΪ֮ļУûйСʱֻǵһֱڵţǾûνĴ
ҲǴʱʼͻȻʼʶĿ־壬ֿ־ǷĵģҾãҵĴƺ壬һȫп޵ˡ
ƺ֪ΪʲôɻȻһ·ŵĶҷһεӣңһڹײģȷе˵Ӧһ˵ġ
ҵ潫򿪣ȻԼɽȥʾҿҵʱȵǲġ
ȴҡҡͷ˵ⲻģҵԴҪ˵Ҵ
ҵȻЩ޷ȫĻ˵ȥһ
ͷȻģҸ޷ǱҶܵﺣʮ֮⡣
˵а취˵ת뿪ʯֹ̲֮磬ŴҿһŵĲÿʱҷһ㡣
ĺܾɣӦݣаߣҿóϵƬһƬƬȥġ
˵Դȥ
ҵʱŽɣ˵ʵһʼڣһҳһģһ˽̸ҸоܲڣĳһĿ־壬Ϊʲô־壬ԼҲ֪
Ҫȥ˵ںһȥѰңƬܹںϺеضֻ֮⣬ֻ㡣
ҵʱҲ̫Ҿƺ֪Ҫö࣬˵ʧˣˮʬ嵽ҿʬ壬Ͱװ¹档
ҵʱ˵ˮͲˣҲҲصߣȴᱻ
ֻЦЦ˵ǲһġ
ܳһʱҶڴĦһ仰ҾãƬʶ
Ȼȥ˺£ֻǵһ뵽ˮ֮ƬȫȻԼں
֪㲻ǻģߣһǺƬйϵҿͽ˩βϣν˺档
Ȼ¹ʯ̲ϣ˵ʧˣ֮
ֵǣʼգû˵һ֡⣬ҲǺŶģΪ֪ԼҲš


ڶʮ ֣2
һֵֺ˵ǲǣȻûǾӦǻţûҲûлţʲô״̬еİҲҺ֪ģƬܣΪ֪һʡ
ʣƤҵġ
˵ҾͲò˵˵ƤˣΪһμʱ˵Һֵܡ
Һȴûа񣬶⻰ȴЦ˵ģЩЦӺ˽⣬Ҳ֪˵һЩеûģƼ٣޴ӷֱ棬֮ûһֱŽɣȴʼ޷֤ʵҲֻȥ
ĳ֣ǵĵȷȷ֪ͨȥҷĵģûаԻɵĵط
ҵĸо˵Ƥ˵ĸоܹ֣ǹ죬֣Ҿ͸еϺֵһϢȻƤЦһƦǴĹȴ͸¶һζر񣬿쳣̲סս
ҵ֮û۶ү֪ĵһ۶үйأ۶үԼͬᵽ˷ˣΪ˵۶үһıģôƤܿ۶үв
۶үʱƤֻȼƺԸᣬ֪ڿҲ׷ʡ
ȻҲֻ֪˵ƤľʲôҲû˵Ҷ֪ǷҲܼҵˣ˭
ʱҼ£ǼԽ࣬ĵɻҲԽ࣬ҶԷ쳣ȤΪʲô۶үصؽҪȥҷģƤҪصרҵʱɻһʲô
Ƥٺ˵һЩ˵ĺСģûᵽ۶үҲûᵽĴ壬ΨһģһϤϣա
ϵĵһӦϳ¹ȻҵĲ²ǶԵģҼǵ壬ǵŵԭ
ЩʱҶЩ˼飬ҾȻô֮ǰ¡
ƤֻǳЦЦ˵ʵҲзģ׼ȷ˵Ӧýʯӡ
ʯӣ
־һش͵شҵĿϣҲ֪ԼΪʲôķӦ֪֣һ˵һʹ
Ƥ֪ҵ֣ػʺ顣
ҵֵʱƺͻȻʶԭǰػϵʹ
֮ʲôҲû˵뿪طһֱʱ֪Ѿһһģһˡ
ƤΪȴûоΪʲôƺֻ˵ʱȣҸǲôұһ棬ǲѶΪ֮¡
Ƥ˵Ƭߣû˿š
ҵȷԺ֮оʲôҪһֱţѵû˿ţͻжܳ˵Ƭͻʧ٣
Ƥûнֻͣ˵ȫǣֻģǵ÷ĵӣǵ˵ÿһ仰С
Ƥҷľȴûȥ˵ǲܼʱ˻Ʊ˵Ҫȥɫ
ҵʱܲΪʲôҪȥƤֻ˵Ҳܼŵķġ
Һͷĵĵһμǲ֪ģҲǵáΪ˵ĵһμڳ¼Ǽʱ򣬿ȴ֪ĵһμ棬ȴڰɫȫڻ״̬֮µʱʱģѾһðҡ
Ҳ֪ǷҲƤİţҼĵʱȷǴڻ֮Уһɽ
ʱҿһһͼһۣ˱ڼǸͼͬҵһͼǷĵͼ
ͼת˲ţܿʧ˷ĵģҺܿҾͷӵﾹȻϵľ۾ӵء
ҵļйĴ£ϾסϽߵȷͬʱģԼǶԷĵְǴ̬Һܲ죬ҿóҲǹ⽫Ūġ
ΪʲôҲûʣҲû˸ҡ
ҲûвЩ˹ϵݣҲûҵϣ֪Ǿ֪Ҿǰػϵĺ¡
չ˷ĵǸ˽ްΣʲô֣ȴֻ֪֪Ҳϵˣˡ
ҶԷĵĹעҲһͣһҪСַ࣬ļ޲ʾݣԼĵǸͼõ֤ݡ
һ˲䣬Ҿƺ뵽ʲôȴôҲ벻ڴĵһҹҷַĻΡ
ֲ̫Σ״̬ܹ֣볣죬ȴǿնģްԣ˵ķʽͽ࣬˼˵ģҲ˵ӣͲ˯֮״̬
Ժ̸Ҽ̵ģڲ֡
ԭΪ۶үģǺҲ֪֣ǷĲµġ
ʱ֪ƤҪҷĵĿģΪ˭Ҳ޷㾫ܶľ֡
ϵĴһһ㣬ϵ֮ƺݷˣ಻ϵˣ˵Ҳһʮš
ǵʮΣʱͻȻһֱǶ֪໥ĴڣȴûκͱֽղԣҶΪĶֲ໥ͷй˸Եܡ
ҷĵĲ֣Լ˭֪Ĳ裬˵һȻأѾ֪ÿһľ֣Ƕ˵ÿһ¶ͻ״Щͻ״⣬ȴѾе¼ԣǶǷĵӡ
ҵʱһʣȻܲ˾ܵľÿһ˾ϸԤһȻôΪʲôҪ
ʼҶûʳڣԼʼն벻ͨһϷѾ֪˽ҲѾ˳ͨأҪͷԭģԭһ飬Ϊʲô
ͨҶԷĵĹ۲ͻȻһ㣬ⳡ֮УȻеͻ䶼֣Ȼ˶µӣȴ֣෴Ҳһöеӣյӡ
ҸɻˣԼЦΪֻҪκһ˳˲ٲ
ǽɻͬƤ˵ˣƤ˵֡
˵һеĿģΪ
ʯӣĵͼ
ΧƳһҵԺת벻еĹ֪һ𣬾һֵĽ֡
ÿֻҹûҲΪʲôһεԵʣ죬һֱڻ״̬ʱͺܽȣΪƤ˵Ƿʱ֡
ҲľҿóƤ䵱ŷְֵƤҲ򵥵غ͸¶һЩĻ˵һֱŬһϸľ֣ʱʵ̫ˣԲòִ֣νһΣûɣôеһм㶼Ṧһ񣬶֮ǰһеЧӦΣգûܹԣҲûܹѡ
ҸӺǣܹʹ˶˵ģĴ嶼Ϊǰ󣬶ݣҵļһƬհףҾãĵǸͼݵı־־
Ҳû㹻ʱѯЩϵĴҲ޷ôΪ˶ÿһ¶ؿƿʲʲôֻ¾͸ûзˡ
Ϊǵ벻ͬ˽ÿ˵ְģԺܳһʱҶ£ö֮ƤͻȻңĵӣȻҺͷ档
Ѿѹնûн࣬һһ˵˵ʮ룬ҿĻкǿ߼ԡ
ҲΪԵʣųεĲ²⡣
˵ҵ֣ԼڸʲôҶһһͷǰҵְ
ʵҵְܼ򵥣ҾԺϾͿԣ˵һԺϣһȷеڣ˵һصֺϿʼ㣬ʮҹ֮Ժҵҡ
ʮҹûдԼûң׼ȷǾȷ֡
ԿÿһӷĶѾʮϸҾãһʮ˲õ
˵ֻ֮Ҫ﷢ԭԭظҲ˵ֻҪ˵ҵĻ˵һͿԡ
ƺһˣ˾ľ֣һŲ̽䣬κһϸڶģҼŷ˵ģӦһ쵽
ǺǺ󻰣ҲĳԺϵʱҲ֪ҼǷԼˣԺҵҵʱǵʮһҹ
ҼûгôǷĵˣҲ֪һ죬ǷӰ죬ֻʲôĽЩ֮⣬޷Ϥ
Ϊҵְʮּ򵥣ĵĽ̸ֻһСʱңٽʱ˵һҳһģһ˳䵱ЭҲǼƻһ֡
ʱҲǼٵģΪѾ˸˳Ժôڴ˳ֵֻ˭ҳһģһҲʱٴδӷĵĻ֪ˡĴڡ
ǶڡֻһҲʮֻܵ£ûйؽͣѹûн͡


ڶʮ ֣3
ֳĺԶԿر״̬£Ҿ˵ڶ꣬ƽʱǸġ
Ȼ޷ֵ״̬Ҿֻһ˲ŻУҿȷͺһ졣
˵Ҽ֮Ӧ뿪Ƥ˵ұصԺϣһƬ
ȴûУҼ֮ȻϵǽʱҲ֪ǾȻԭġ
ԭ򣬲Ϊô򵥡
ΪĶôУΪĴǱڵĹϵһ
ҼްΣ飬Լľݡ
ЩֶԼ˵ģһһǵްϵˣϣľϡ
һʼΪϵˣǺֺ֪壬ûκεĹ
ް֮⣬˶ǴӸԲĵطһҹĸ˾һ
˵֮ǰһ֪Լڵ壬ôҿ˵ʱѾԼʹ
ҵʹҲػϵʹػԺµһһ
ȷе˵ĴǵŮĸطģÿһ嶼Լʹ˼һиԵְ
Ȼһ𣬵ȴǳõĳĬңû˵Բܣ˵ҲؼǵãǸԲĽɣǲܶ˵ġ
Щ䶼ǺҲģȻҲػϵĵεΡ
ȻĬȴΣȻǴδ棬һʵĸоĸ֮һְеĬѾ˾Զʱ⣬ȴȻš
Ǹ뿪Ҽס˵òҲסҵģǼ棬޷ǾҪ֪ԵĴڣΪʲôҪ˭֪
Ҳһҹϵľ۾ӵط˴ұѵʱ򣬷Ѿһ뻹࣬ɽһ֮⣬ȴûмӴܵȺֻϵͼ𣬵ȴƤͷġ
ϵ˸ңڻʱƤѾŷ뿪ˡ
ΪϵⳡȫһıΪƫƧɽҶôԵ޹ʵʱȥЩѾǺ£ϵƺѾͼѰһ󣬲ûмްǣҲѾͷһ뿪ˡ
ҵǼľݣҲҪ뿪Ǿͺһ·Ҫȥǵ֮ҲžԼʵĺܶ࣬ϵˣôȻȥɽˡ
ȴ˵֮ǰҪȥһˣȥʲôûʣҲû˵
Һһ֮ƤҵңſľݸѶϢŻ뵱ʱΣô˶ˣֻľһ˻ڣľǹڴҵġ
ͬǱҶ򻹲˽⣬ҾľݻҲãƺ֪ĸ࣬ҲǺҲ֪Ϊϵ˵ԵʣΪϾһϢأռйЩµ鱨֪ĶͺҲľΪʲôҲ֪֮ࡣ
Ƥ˵ںܾ֮ǰ˱ʣѾȫ帲𣬽ʣһС֧飬֧˵Ҳһ˼ңľݵĴΪҪϼҪԸⱣǵģģֻϡ
ľϳģȻӽӽ鱨ģ֪Ҳ͸ࡣ
һȻԭʣΪλ³
һصԺϣ¾һ޹أ쿪ʼҿʼÿһҹ
һصԺĵڶҹʯ̲ıϿһģһǸˣҲѾ㵽Ժһҡ
ںߵʯ̲ϻԲѣȻǱˮ嵽ʯ̲ģҼʱû˵ʵ֮ʱ䣬һֱ״̬֮УȲҲûȥ
ҽҵڴϣȷѹһΣǼѹҲѾʶģԺ˵һЩҴֻһֱ˵ʲôȻȻ
ʶһЩֻǱЩĬԺʲôһֱտڲԣżϵ˵˼䣬⼸仰޷ûͷûԵģ˵壬Ѿ֮С
仰ȻܰȫЩ𾪵ģ֪˵ô£ں澿ʲôֻ˹ȥ֮ǰֻ˵ǵʱ塣
֮ڣû
ҽڴϣÿ춼ʯϣÿһҹ
ҷĵҹ֮ٴ˹ԼӴ߳ģܾ·ӺܲԾվھʯº˵Ҳ޷ˣҽװ¹棬Ȼ͹ʯϡ
ҴӦˣʵ֤ûйȥһҹٴλ˹ȥһֱѹˡ
Ҫ󣬽װ¹˾ʯ档
ϷһһСʯͷһöʯͷ´棬Ҳģңʯͷᷢ⡣
ֹҴӺ׿ĹһģһҼһ㣬ȥףʲôӶŶʯ
֮ܳʱҶöʯȥҹ٣ĹȴֹͣǵһζԺĹ˺ɻΪʲô׵ĹйɵطйɵϨײûб仯ĻôӦöʯһöڷ⣬ӲϨŶԣôƬףڷʲô
ҲʱҵһҪȥ׿һ뷨֪˿ûа취Ϊû㡣
ͷ֮ĵȴңұţڵʲôֻԼڵȷġ
Ȼķʽ˵Լڼ䣬һǲԾ˺ͼǱףʵ֤ÿһεȷͽͣΪҼˮ棬޴ͽ߳һδεر嵽ʯ̲ϣ棬һظźˮĳˢ
ʱͻȻ˺ܶ࣬ػΪʲôҪػΪʲôŮҪַĴĸͬĵطĸطʲôʲô
ãĻҴ𰸣ҾãΨһ֪𰸵ˣҲΨһǵˡ
֮ģΪʲôңҲ֪
ڵʮһҹ֮һҽȻʶӳǰҸоԭԼ֪Լʲôˣ֪Լʼٸߡ
ӣȷǸ˲һûжĻ


ڶʮ ֣4
Ҵźֺ˵һУ֮Щеĸоһֱ֪ڰɫʧٵһ¾ʲôȥ֪ȥϵľ۾ӵأΪ֮ߵһ֡
ֻıеһӣȴԶԶδ뵽ҾȻĻĺ֣ⳡƣûзŹκˣҲԼÿζԼء
Զ޷£ҸӲףʱΪʲôҪֽЩԭģԭ˵ڵΪʲôΪʲôҪ֪£ΪұʱǸԼһԭԼһַʽ
ֲҶÿһطÿһ¶һʶϤУԭЩѾУҵԺֻѾ˼Լŵĵط
˵ЩҳõسĬţԺｫֵÿһ仰ظһ飬Ϊÿһ仰ǹؼеĹؼϢʵ̫ˡ
ҽṩһҾҲյףֻһǽ֮ˡ
ԽʱԽҪ򶨣ԽӽɹҲԽӽʧܵʱвǹһĽ
ҴϽָһг϶Щ
һڰɫ֮ǰѾй״̬֮ǰѾڿʼ֣˵֮ǰļܶ඼ʶ״̬ң޷֪һ־Ǵʲôʱʼģ֮ǰʱ򣬶һЩʲôı
ϸ룬˳ʱ䣬ҿԵȥڳ¼ǣͭǾµһ£ǰ۶үթһּ䣬ȻǼٵģҲ˵ǲҵļ䣬ⲻΪƶϵ۾ݣûд֤ʵһϿԲ²⣬ȫǻԣСʱļ䡣
ҸûСʱ򣬺Ķʱ䡣
ôﲻƶϵ㣬ʱһһ߾꣬ҲΪҳֵݣΪ֪Ĳңǻ塣
ô˼ȥֵֻʱйŹ֣һֵ
ڶα˵Ǹӵģ
˵ʱӾһر۾ûκλ˵ӣα״̬ġ
ؼǵĹԵģʱʲôҵԴϣһǵҿӵôҵҲӦı֮еһ֣Ϊľܹ״̬һıȥ
ô֮ǰѾֻǳ¼ˣежڹ׺ϹϵѾ˽ֻǵʱȫûע⵽ѡ
Ͼ۾ôػŵĶʲô
Ҳû˵һرްΣһʼһҾ֪򵥣ڰػϵĴʱһûк˵滰ҳϵĴϴг٣ްһǲеģΪʲôҪľ׵ģ
飬ȻϵˣôִߵӳܼլĵĹôǲ˵ػҲΪʲôҪľף˵˼ǲ뿪ģǷ˲ò뿪Ĵ£
Ҳ˵ľףһʣ
ģĴҲãŮҲãǵĿĶԽԽɻʲô
壬ᵽƤ
ʵһʼҾͶƤܲ˽⣬ǺԽԽ֣һ̽׵ˣرǿ۶үĶ֮УڸľҵЩʾٵ˵һУҵֵĽɫҾã֣ңֻƤʼĩˡ
ǡ
ֺ˵Щ棬Ѿ¿һЩ˼·Ϊʲôϵһģһ˳֣һ࣬Ǳһ࣬оǡ
ͿԽͣΪʲôһῴظԼи֮⣬С벻ͨǣʲôΪʲôǻҲǳһģһǺ͸ʲô
ߣҾ˵Щһ㣬ʱ˵һڵʮҹʱڵĵȴǵʮһҹ
ûӰ𣿻ϵһôҵľֲûУֵ˵ƺֵʱ䡣
뵽Щһźͼıһ͵شһ£ЩԼģȴҲǵãңһҪһظݷƲ⼴һУҪҵʼĩ
˵ģ⾿ʲô壬ΪʲôΪʲôÿ˶ÿ˶˵Ψһǵˣ
ֵⷬɽµĸӳ̶ٴһΣҾãѾһ֮УһʱȻɵۡ
뵽Ҳ͵֮ǰؼǵһ⣬ģ
Ժϵġ
ͻȻֵʳ죬֪һȴڼҵʱ⣬Ϊʲô
ӣȻЩȵģǣ˵ѾʾһԼҲ˵ڵҡ
ͻȻЩʶЩԾǺܲԾΪʲôǰĻìܣ
һֱںڰ֮УʱͻȻʶһ⣬ΪʲôҪ˳ֵҲ˵ƺһ⡣˵ȫûбҪ˵ģǽ´ȥɫһ棬Ȼ⣬ǲɡ
뵽һ㣬ҽ˵Ĺڸ˳ֵ´ͷβϸϸһ飬ΩһĿԾ˵µʱֻ˵һ룬ߣ˵ȫǼٻ´֮˵µĿŶڸǸ١
ʱҲҲʼ̧ͷ۾źڰе֣ںڰ֮Уһ仰˵ҿһͻȻһֺܴ󵨵뷨Ҳ˵ʵǲԣȥԺ֮е֣Ǹˡ
Ҳ˵¹װŵģ֡
һʼ־ǿǸˣ֪뱾֮ϵǿǱ̨ʣˣӣˣҲ
㣬ҶӹɣΪ϶ȥѾˣȴʼ뺣һģһ˵ʱ򣬶ûùһ֣ΪѾԼȥ뷨
뵽ͻȻͨ͸ˣһͬˣǸˣǼٵģ
ͻȻվƿžʹܳһֱŵľʯȥ־¹棬һֲľأһҸ޷ݳ״̬


ڶʮ ֣5
һܵ˾ʯϣȲشˮƣڸոչ¹׵ĵطȴǿտҲʲôûС
ոջ¹ףͻȻƾʧһڵգֻɢ¹׵Ҹӣ˿ϵĶѵֶϿʮ룬Ȼ¹Ǹողűϵģֵܿһʮַĵߡ
չ¹׵ľʯҲǺϣһۼ
תͷܣȴһӰվҲԶȴ֣ҳ֮Ҳ˳
Ѿֲ⾿Ǹ˻֣ҽˮˣȻ㵽˭
ֻоشţ־վҲԶĵطȻ˵û뵽ôͲµˣȻһֱﲻȥǻ֪һЩҺķĲһ
˵ģȻ״̬µҺʵң϶ǲһңһ֣һӣر
˵Ȼǲһġ
ǽ˵ӣҲ˿⻰Σ㲻֪ǰ򵥡
ֻȻȻֽ˵ոյĻǹ̽ģ֪㾿һˣľ
ʣʲôľ
˵Ƿȥðһա
˵ģܾܿǺףǸȥĵط
˵Ҳ㡣
˵Ҿǰػʺ飬¹ĵȷǸˣոչҺ£ҵȷûк˵滰
˵ʲô
˵ȥ˺ĵȷң
Ȼº˵һµľ˵ʱ˵ȷ׼ʱֵģĵȷҪȥһ뷨֪ȥ
Ȼ뿪㣬˵Դֽ뵽ֵʱʸˣΪʲôһҪȥԼȥ
˵ĻشеΪģҴҲ˸˺ͱϵҾãͱ屾һˡ
ֵĸ˵ֻԿ˲壬˾˵֣ҲҲţˣҲ޷Լ侳ĳ͸о
ɣһ仰ַ֪Լֵĸˣ˵Ҫ֣ôԼҲˣˣҲ˵ȥ֪֣Ҳ̽Ѱˡ
˼˺˵ãҲֻ˵ֻǳԺϵĴֻ֮⣬ΨһԴ뵽Ժ֮еĶǵԭʱ˵Ҳ
ʣȻĻġ
˻ش˵Ůĵط϶ҵЩĲкؼֻҪԼֽװ
ŮµĶôⶫͿ϶Ҳйϵ˵ʱģЩƬҲʧ֮ǵĺ棬׻϶ۣʱһ֪ⶫô
ޣ߳үֻ㣬ӦҲǴԺ֮õİɣҲ˵үǣҲ֪ԺĴڣҲ뵽Ժ֮С
˵ι̵ӽԼһȻԺȥ
ǹؼĵط֪־ʲôĻᷢĶʯô£ҾãŶʯܾܿǷʯ
˵ںһ·ǰ㣬Ժųȫãɵؽ뵽˴δһƬʯ̲ʧ
ڴһֱǰУһӺˮľ޴Ӧǽӡ
һӷǳ޴˵棬ϵĴСûУܱһʮ־޴УȻ㶼˽ȥǱȥ֮ŷ֣ͨȥһͨ
Ϊȥʱǰ죬˺ף۾ΪȫǴĿĹ⣬۾޷ֱӡ
Ժ׾ʲô֪Ϊ۾ҲǳһƬä֮УһŶʯں֮ϵġ
ֻо˺֮Ҳһֱǰ㾿Ҫȥʲôط֪
˵޴ӵʱӺԶĵطһֻǽƮ죬ֻܿһµ״˵ûв´ĻӦþǿ˵
ҵһȻľ׵Ϻ͵µԺĶ
־޴ֻǰڣ֮⽨²⣬ȻͽԺ֮Уô֮ӦںײŶԡ
ֻ²Լû֤ʵΪǰͣߵʱ֪ԼֱеͻȻѣȻ޴󲻶ϵӿ۾۾һͱ۵ĹⱩä
ٺ˵񱻾޴˺һζʮܣȫⶼһ类˺һ˳֮У˵ܲԼĴڣԼƮƮģʶ֮⣬ܲκζĴڡ
ٺĸо֮л˹ȥ
˵ʱҴΪ뵽һ⣬ʼҵ˵ǣƤʱ򣬸ѾˣƤȥȥ˰ɫϾ۾ӵأҺ˵Щ
Ǵ֮ĵڶҹʯ̲Ͽ˻Եĸ壬뵱ʱ˵ġ
ڣȥԺеھʯϵǸ壬Ҳ˵Ƥһ뿪ģǸ壬֣ƤҲãǷģްˣûзǼٵģƺЩ˵ȥ
ҵʣ˵Ƥһȥģȷûն˵Ǹˡ
Ҿ϶һ飬ΪʱƤʱֻһ֣Ҳ˵ʱ֣Ǹ壬ֻһڡ
˵Ǻˮ嵽ʯ̲֮£˵Ժ֮лˣѹʱѾԺıߵʯ̲ϣʧȥĴ죬±Ժľ޴Ƶԭء
ʯ̲һҲûָڣЩ¶ͣѰңȴʼûҵ
Լ﷢˸壬Ǻֵǣĸ徹ȻѾ׻ˣϣû˿˿ڣû˿ƿԣˣ˷˼
ֵʱܲ죬õʱ廹һЩʶѾֻֽװ¹棬ͻȥ
Ϊʲôһû˵Ѿ˹ȥʱָûʱʡ
ʱҵ¹ףװ棬¹׳أʯ̲³⣬ǽ˾ʯϡ
죬ֵĸȫû˿ڣ˿£ô˵岻²ŶԣӣȻΪԼҲҪȥӣҺܲ
ʱ˵֪ΪʲôҵĲ²ǶԵĻ


ڶʮ 1
ʵҲѾһֲ²⣬һƬ﷢ЩµʱȻһ仰ûᵽɽҰӣԣκ͹ؼϡ
ĶӣôȻʱ⡣
ҴֵĻҲƲʱʱɱҲ˵һҹһ죬ļ죬ʮ졣
ΪڰɫңٵټһֻȥʮһҹڰɫѪĹٵҳҲһʱ䣬Ҳ˵һ࣬ʮһҹ
Ȼкܴʱֻм򵥵ʱ䳤Ļֻȥһ£еξͳϣҲʱϡ
ʯͷƲһģһӳһְ취ǽ
ɴˣѾһʮִ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ǹѪ񣬹ڸˣйֺĸһеĲ²⡣
ڱ븴֮䣬ʼնһֵ󣬾Ǳ֮󣬸һȴἸȻ
֮ü˵Ϊʱһûзڸµı쳣ȴųҲܻԱӰ죬ҲӰʱǻѡ
һǿԿ϶ģ۸ҲãǱҲãͬһˣҾһˣ
ֻˣֱڲͬʱΣǲͬʱһˣΪʱεغϣ˵
Ҽָ˻Ծֵĵط޷Ǿľľףаɫ
ĸطȻһ˵ɺϣĴϢأĸطźĶңĸطĵ£Ԩϵһ
ԣҵĲ²ǣĸطʱغϵĵطںδĳһʱغϣԣĸطֺһģһĸˣ˵ˣֻǿδԼѪͨʱһⶫ
δԼֽԼܽΪʲôˣ岻£˵ʱ£ˣͻ
û˽죬ȻͲ죻ûˣȴȻš
ǡڱ븴˵ĹϵδˣڵĿԼţڵѾˣûνδԼˡҴ󵨵ز²⣬ʱ߶˸ʱʱôҲ͸巢һģһĽһģһȥ
Ҳ˵յĸˣôֵδǸʱҲһģһ̬ȥΪ˷ǲͬʱͬһˡ
뵽ʱֵóһìܵĽںδѾغһôھνδǶʱ䣬ʱѾغϱһʱΣҲ˵ôڸʱʵѾڵʱϣ˵ҲӦͬʱȥŶԡ
ΪȻѾغһδʱѾδڣ
뵽Ҳ뵽δʵ塪֪Զֻǹȥδδ֪һеĽֶδ
ҲΪʲôȥ尲ȻԭΪδѾǰ֪ôѾδ˹ȥͬδǸʱγڣôʱΣѾδΪδѾ˱仯δǸʱΣѾһ䡣
δӰȥӶıδ
뵽ҿʼԼ֣ΪʲôҪǰźһУ֪֣һҪܵƣܵȥı䣬ҲΪ֪޷ı䣬ԣҪδɹȥӶһ֡
ǣʱԶʱ䣬Զˣܸܲı䣬һж⡣
ܶʱǸı˿ʼȴı䲻˽֡
ҽԼ˵˵Ŀ࣬ҲȫϵеµҾȻ뵽һ㣬˵СģҪ࣬Ҳû뵽ôĻƺѾȻʣһԼڵ塣
˵δԶδ֪ģѾĽֲǽ֣Ǵڵ壬ҲҪһеж
˵֮ǰһԥǷͬһͬȥðգôҸӼᶨԼ뷨СģǶһ޶ģûκܱȵ㡣
ҲûմմϲҷӾüҲʱѾ֪֣Ҫı䣬ϧԼΪӡ
ʶνӣܲζʧͷţӰҵҾãҲûаգһľ֣ˣˡ
ӮˣôǶһ
ֻǵʱû뵽һ㣬˳Ҳû뵽һ㣬ѡ˷ȻǽѣáҲҽƲ⣬ôǷҲΪԼѡе̾Ϣ
ǣѾһˣҲȥˡ
뵽ͻȻһǰδеϣϣδ뵽ʯͷ뵽Ϲӣ뵽˼壬뵽˾ˡ
Ժһۣ˵ôڣδǸ¹룬¹ףӦþһʱеʱװãû¹ʱǾֹģΪܱյ״˾ܵش죬ȻѾγһյĴųųֱյĴųסγһʱ֮еʱ䣬¹漸Ѿͣʱ䣬ôֻҪ¹ײ򿪣ͻһֱűװȥʱӣԶᷢ仯񱻱һȱҪǧ򱶡
ֵͷ˵ȷÿ¹һΣ൱ڼ
¼ȻѾͨôҪ֪ǣʬ徿ȥ
ֳµĺۼӦǸһĶϵģȻˣ˵طҺ֣б˴ڡ
һ㣬ȻҲǺܲ⣬飺¹ױӦ˹ΪӦĴҿ˵ʲô
Ҳֻ취ͻȻֵ˻ʲôݣʶˣǡ
˵վߵô᲻ؾͽʬ͵ߣǡĿԸһЩ
ȻⲻųбĿԣһֱǱڰеһҾãһ
Һʯ̲ȥ͵¹׵˻᲻¹׳ȥˣֿԺܵͣҲûпԣҺֵ뷨ʯ̲һ飬ҲҲֻȥΪֵ˵˵ҵ֮ǿܾлȥˣôȥȴû˵


ڶʮ 2
Һʯ̲˺ܳһʱˮƵĹ¿ֵĸʬ塣
˵ʬ壬ʵ㣬ΪǶʯ̲ϲϵس鴤ţǵʱ۾ͻȻϣҺָϽ߹ȥȻѾķԼһϢȴϲ˷ܣƺʮҪһڼָֻ֮һظţȥԺ棬ȥԺ֮С
Һֿһۺڰеʯ̲ںڰУȴһΪ޴ӰҶʱһԤУ۶ү뿪Ĵ
ڼ֮ʲôԸһٴλ˹ȥ֪βǻԣǳ׵
໥һۣʵʱҺ˭û˵ΪʲôԵ޹ʻɴģȴղʱԼҲ˵ȻҵĽѾˣδδ֪ǵĽֻδ
֮ԱģӸΪֵδѾת䣬Ĵڣͱ翡
Ѷһ˼·öࡣ
ֱҪػƬϣûҪȥ뷨һֱصȴҵĳ֣ôˣǡչȥδ֡
ڣڵȴ;иı뷨ȥԺ棬ֵɴ˶˸ı䣬ں£׸ı֮ܵĹ켣δٻѭŵһֿԷչȥôڵһֿԷչȥδӵ־Ͳܻ֣ԣʧǵģʧΪѭڵķչ켣Ѿһֿӵˡ
ȻҲ뵽һ㣬Ż˵Ļ
Ȼ¹ףʧȥ˾ֹʱ䣬ĳ̶ֳ˵Ѿδ֣ѾӰں͹ȥһݵˣĳ֣ıδĹ켣ԼΪۡ
룬˵֮һԸıδδɹȥһеĽ㣬ϡʱ䣡
ӹһУȴӲʱ䣻ܶùκζȴնʱ䡣
վΧһ鶼ûп¹׵ڣҸӿ϶¹׵ʧٺԺĴĳйأҺƾŸоһƬ޴Ӱ߹ȥҵˮڴֻ޴Ĵϣŷ֣һľ
ܹԺ֮ɳĴҲΨһĹߡ
ҺȥֵǣҴһֱܰôĴ棬ƺһ˶ûС
ҺСڼװţΪ˲ע⣬ҹˮƣȫƾԼĸо档
ڴϼתһȦʲôҲûУͱͱңʾ̧ͷҿڵҹգֻΦϣƺһʲô
ϸţʧָ˵¹ף
ҿʱѾʼȥ֪ΦϽ¹׷Щɻ¹Ǳʲô˴ģιΦϵģֵĸӳģ
ܾЩԾԽԽһּ㤵ĸоһͣطżƤ
Դҽ֮ҼѾٻĿ־壬Ȼұ仯ĻףѾǰķģѾδΣԺܶʱ֪Լ򾲣ڣȴƲסֿ־ӣǴҵԼһ
ִȥʱͻȻڣȵȣ֣ȱȥ
ƺǰҵĻһɳɳͻȻΦĽŲһңΦ˵˷
ѾѾԭأҲǰһֻΧʲôʲôȴ֪ΪҿֻܿеԼֱȥжϡ
ǽֵʱֻе͵һȻһ򣬽ŴѾ
ҿ˿ΧֱңѾ¿ʼ𺽡
ҲûлңҲûҪ뿪Ҵ˼ΪҪȥԺ֮Уͱ⴬ȥ
ϣȵİ취㲻һͶȡɶѣ˹ؼʱ̣ҲǿסģֵԺ֮оһܺõӡ
һʼʻֻµˮ˺ͷ紵ΦϵķȻոյġɳɳѾ˿ҲޣΦˣ˵ʱȥ¹ףܾԵ޹ʵع棬ƺЩԾ
һԼҲˣͷǲ絽ȥһҵͷͬ⣬ڳ֮ǰȸҴĴ״Ҳࡣ
Һֽ뵽棬ȻҴˮƣŵƹ⣬ҿԿ漸һƬǽ壬ϻдӵȵȣǴӰʣǺʹһģҶľľľӣʱҲŴ²²⵽һ㣬ҴҲһľġ
Ҵ±ȻҴĴСҾȵǣ˴ĴҪľĻôҪǧʱΪʵ̫ˣѾӴ޷ĵز
ЩûбʲôľľľӣԵúܳ¾ɣһЩʯ̲ϼĺɫӣɢһأҲ
ĵطҲģóЩӦס˵ģΪǷеĴкܶŴҲ˵ҴסźܶˣҴĻӦǧ˲١
֣ǵ˴׵ģ൱ڷӻĵط
棬ȿһЩɭɭ׹ǣڰ׹ϻճһЩƤë
ӹǼжϣЩЩ˶ʬȻӦþǷŶһЩĵطӣҲ뵽ŵǷ۵Ĵ˵ȻȫܲĻ˵Ӧþǿ˵ϹŶŶԣ뷨ֻת˲š
ǺҵҵйأһϵģϻһЩ򽻵֮⣬ĵطǲͬģǴһż״̬ΪƽȣǲòһףһףҲǲѵ¡
Щڳ¼ǵʱ٣Ѿ˵ϵĹʶ
ȻҲȻΪŵǷۣ뵽ǣҴܿĴֻǾʲôʱģΪʲôԺһйɵؿҴ뵽һ㣬òȫ
ҺһߣЩʬ࣬ʱѾܾԶԵʣһСɸɺԵĹζζѾûˣС̤Щʬ֮Уһ߽ȥ
ʬҲôȫ˵һЩɣ˵Щʬ
⴬ӦǺŮйģŮûٹͰػҲӦйŶԡ


ڶʮ 3
ôŮ廹ǰػҲãʮ־Զ£ԭʼʱ򣬼ûôѱΣ໹ҰԣԴʬĹϻͬҲǺȻġ
ȴ˵ǣһָһʬ˵ϸĹͷ
עϸϸȥЩʬĹ澹ȻйǴ̣ٿʬеʬ϶ĹǴ̡
ҵʱһ䣬һѾ֮ȴɤ϶û˵ҿ֣˵Ļֵ˼ˣ
ֵɫú࣬ЩʬϿԿϰپʬǵҶЩľ
棬ڷĹǼܣһ˵ùǡҲΩһһĹǼܣûйǴ̣ͻЩֵʬ֮УŻ״
ˮһչȥٴϸؿһ飬ȷϵȷûһǴ̣ſ϶һ˵ĹǼܣ˵ȴһգΪ޷ʬƲ
ϵ·Ѿ˳ȷĴӦкܾԶʱˡ
Ҳչʬ֮зһ˵ʬȷǺ˾ȵģΪĶǼ򵥵ʬ뵽Ůʬ仰˵ܾŮʬʼεģ
ǵĹĹǴ̣ŮʬĹһһͬ㣬ôҲ˵Щʬ
ǺȻǲҴˣ˵ĻͲἯڷӻĵطӦڴ
ʵ֤ûһˣһʬû¡
뷨ǣҴŮѵĴֻһЩ
Ϊ˳˵Ůһ̣һǹϱŮ壬뽨ľģˮģΪ뽨ľı٣Ů޷ԤˮǾ۾ӵܵˮַΣڵϦ
ľӦþʱѵģֻǵʱˮԭһҴôľף
¾ͺԺйˣʱŮҲ˵һڻûоҲòһֻҵĸԺһϵأΪԺͲϵĺһƬʱ֮
ȻҲ˹ǻ᲻Ҵϵ֮һΪʲôҴϵ˻һҲûУʧֻ֮ʣ¿տҲһҴҲֻ´Щ˷˼ʬǷʲô£ʲô⣿
Ϊʲôǻδɾȫʬģ
Щʱ޷ģǺվ濴ʱͻȻ棬һಡһһȻͳʧ¡
⾿ʲôҲûп壬ֻһӰʮѸٵۻĴһҼᶨⲻǴĿж棬ǻĶ
ҿǰҴ¼ⶫʧķλȻ׷߽ȥ
ŵĶ˵Ҳ࣬˵Ҳ٣ľͷͳͳһ֣ԼһڴףЩľͷ֪ʲôģ׵пռ伸Ӱʧĵطǡ
ҴˮƸľԱȴѾûӰİӰӣЩľѶѵĺܸߺܣҲȷⶫǷѾ棬ˮķ϶ȴһ
һŵĺӰһ˿ҲˣҲʾСĵ㣬ⶫŮʬ
ҪŮʬðһЩҶŮʬ˽⣬֪㣬һⲻŮʬô죬ոյӰԱŮʬСܶ࣬ﰵģ벻ŮʬΪŮʬû˿ٶȡ
ΧľһؿȥǿһȦȴʲôҲûУʱҲòţǳʧȥⶫӰˡ
Щģⶫ棬ܲ˵ģǷʱӦǲЩʬ֮С
ֻʬ֮Уⶫһǲ棬СɣӦѸٵػصʼĵط
˳Щʬһҹȥһǰһ󣬹룬ֻⶫٴѸٵشʬ֮˳Һֲܿˡ
ҿӣȷҴûмֶҪ˵һĻֻһͷӣЩߣЩ㡣
ⶫʱǳһȻٴνȥⶫһҪץסһֱŻֹۿѾʼҡ
һ׷ĶȻҪö࣬Һܿ죬ͳŽȻ෴ķܳȥأȴǳŴȥġ
ҺѸٸȥҽ׷ᣬˮƵĹâ֮Уҿһͷģӵȷߣǽţҿ˼װ壬ȻԾ˺档
ڿһĻʱҵĳ׳뺣УͻᱻˮеƵȥôҾˣΪҲܷԺ֮еĻᣬֻΪȥץס
˵ϣˮź棬ˮ˴뺣漤˻֮⣬ʲôҲѰһȷҲҲŷ
һ˵ŻĶ
ҡҡͷֵͷƺҵ˼̾Ϣһ˵ѾԽԽ˼ˣҶе֪Ůʲô־ʲô
˵ģҲ֪ڵΣǸǼãֻһ˿Ѱʵ࣬Ҳûõġ
ҸɴڼװȻڵҹʼһֱգȻ͵ʶûգˣҶĺߵĴȴˣǵͷʯ
һ㣬ͻȻ˸ո߿ĺ¥֣ﾭĺ¥𣿡
⺣¥ӦҲˣʱھʯϣô󶯾Ҳûע⵽
ֵͷȴ˵Ҳǵһμ棬ûз¡
ûз£Ȼĺô¥ͲΪķģҲ˵ԭ򣬻ǡʱ䣡
ͻȻӵϵʱ䣬Ҳ˵ҿĲ񣬶ʵĳܿǾʹĳ䣬ĳʱεʵһĻ
ôܣĵһײڴҲԾôĽôľ޴ľ
ʱͻȻʶǷŮ뽨ľں¥гֵĽģϵٵĵط
ƽȻ֣Ƕ¥ô
ԵþҪƽܶ࣬˵ҲǾĵط֣˵ֻи࣬ҵǸط
ʱ˳Ůһʷʱ򣬾û⹲ΪʲôҪȥ뽨ľģʱҵصһֱŮұʯʲôطʱҵĲ²ǷԨڣһķչҲЩҡ뷨
ҾãҪģĵطңط뽨ľǽϵһġ
ϸŵʱ˳˵ǣ˵뽨ľɽı棬ҲǡͻȻȻ޲
Ƥ˵֪࣬͵޲
е࣬޲뽨ľġ


ڶʮ 4
ԺϿճֵĺ¥һԤʾΪġ
˵ʱֻľΧͻȻһĨԽԽã𽥽ҹ˺ѡվֻԺһƬԣӺĹ쳣ۣҿ֣֪νİˡ
Щӳʱ޷ֱӣǱĿⲻȥˮڰٵһ̣Ǿڹ⺣ʻһľΧǴ̵۾Ĺ⡣
ͷȴڶҲ˵ԺеĹȴղ˵ʯЩƣ˵ڶӦһ߶ȲŶԣôĹҲӦܹճŶԡ
ΪʲôΪʲôҾϿĻգ
Ȼҵ۾Φϵ¹ףһľżһ棬صĺ紵ҡҷΦϳ˹ŵƾɵķʲôҲûС
֪Ϊʲôҿʱ͵شһ⣬ͻȻ͵ʶһ㣬ԭʼ˶֯
Ƕ֯ôֺ֯רõķ
뷨ͻȻ֮ǰĲ²ȫݻ٣ҲҴŮ彨ģҲǰػϽ죬Ǹ벻һ֧飬һ֧Ǻܾõ˽ġ
ҵһ뵽ľŬ˾š
ΪľףҼŬ˾ţʬ棬ǵһֶʬ壬ҲһʼҲߴ·ûҵڣӶȫʬ档룬ֿȻУר̸˵ԲûʮİգǲóȻģ֪ľ׾һء
ôʬֵЩʬԭֻһͣѰ
ҲܽΪʲôڴ׻ôʬһŮʬ仯
ʯڳʬ壬;Ūϵľʬ䣬ǷֵӦú磬ǽЩȫڴյײȻȫɱ
ڵĲ²⣬Ҿľһûô򵥣ң޷Ϊʲôľֻʬ壬˵Ӱһܿɵĵطĵط
ұű߽Φˣϸ˹ķûκεıǣԴӷ޷֤ʵ⾿ǲŬ˾ŵĴһǿԿ϶ģⷫŮġ
ֻŮģŬ˾ʲôطҵȻǶԴ¾˲ãԿкŮĵط
ЩͷһҵԺҾʲôԶʮִҴһʲôʣƬڵ⸱ģֱ
ΦѾûЩĶҵ뿴¹׾αȥģҿ˵¹ȫǹΦϣûлʲôģɾΦ˵һ˴һᡣ
վ棬Ѿߵǰתͷ˵ȥҿš
ȻΦˣΦһȥ
עΦ˺ͼװĶĺܿҲ˳һѾվΦ棬¹׽һ֮
سΦ˵һ߹ȥһضСĵضŽ⿪¹׵ӡ
ŪһƺӴһᣬҿֵ䣬ŵĵӡ
ͳ֮ȴͻȻͣסϵľٶȻȻվŤͷ֪Ƿʲô棬罫ùĹĵأҸմʲôȴַһͻȻѡ
ҽţŷͻȻѿ紵ųⷢʵ̫ͻȻһûзӦֻΦϵķͻȻһžһѸٳҸŶ㿪ڱ紵ţٶʵ̫ˣҲ˿һͳױ档
ֻǷҲ̫ۣڱ֮һۣȴһضڿǷ䣬ûлع
ҵֳ⣬Ѹٴӷ
ǵҴ̧ͷΦϵʱΦѾ׿ˣ֣ŵ¹ףѾʧȥӰ
Ҵӱʱ䣬ҲͲһӵʱ䣬ô̵ʱֺ¹˫˫ٶҲ̫һЩǺܹһЩʼգҶûر춯ûҲʾûзΪΦ봬ʮ׸ߣж죬ھҵĺ磬ٵġ
վڼװϻһ飬װҲûֵİӰӣҸոʱ龰һģһǳΦ溰һ֣
Φϵķ֮Φ˼һĿȻҲزסˣȷѾˣرϣ￴ȥȻΦҲڣװҲڣ᲻Ѿ˺
ҲͽͣȲ˵ˮĿĹʲôҲ˽ȥҲᱻˮǹ߻ȥҼܿľ󣬹ҲֵӰˡ
ҲģװϸϸһȦȷûֺ¹׵κӰӡ
ҵ͵سһ˺ôصһò˵ûû˰ɣƾʧ
Ҿͻ£һ͸ովͷĶйأܾոǿʲôܾĶԼǷûע⵽
ĻôҲֻȥһ֪ˣҲ˳ΦȥΦϣץΦˣȻͷֻͷķ򿴹ȥƬֻ֮һƬޱ޼ʵĹâĸʲôҲ˷һ飬Ҳʲôû֡
Ǳøɻˣ־ǿʲôȥ
ţջ۾ȴ͵Φ˵ĺ濴һǣһϤ޷ϤıǡΦ˱һָӡ
ӡȻǸողӡȥģҲ˵ո˳Ҵϣ
ôǲǷˣʧپͺйأ
ӡʮϤҲ߹ңҲǸðƵ֣˵һǣȻһǣôҲźõģѵҲСĴڣô˵ʲô
վΦϳϸһ飬ҴþһĹûκξǴΦ䵽װϵʱҾİܹ죬Χ˴뺣漤˻֮⣬ʲôҲûС
ȻװϿ߽ȥҲŸոս뵽գڴľϿ˱¹ף¹Ѿȫˡ


ڶʮһ 5
ǱһȻ͵˵ľϣϸؽ¹׿һ飬¹ױ򿪣һƬտҲʲôҲûС
Ȼ沢ûκһԿ϶ոǼ̵ʱȷ˽¹ȡȻ֪˴գ¹׷˴棬¹ΪʲôǱ򿪵ģȴЩ⡣
ҸȥϸеľתյײܣҾãֺܾܿ档
һյײյײѾˣҼǵǸո뿪ʱûйŵģǵһʱҲǿŵģűǲ˵ҵĲ²ȷǶԵģȷ˵ľ档
ûǴ佫˳ȻСȥš
ƲѾǼȴƲҾſѾľͷֽˡ
ҽȻվԶһЩȻ͵ײȥ
ֻȫĹͷҪװɢƵģȴ˿
ҧһΣһһΧΧûʲôõĶ˼ŽŸ˻ܽȥ
µװߵװϵʱȴˣոջڼװɢһŵķԭģԭعһصΦϣԼʹУⲢΡ
Ҳʵ̫һЩҷʱͻȻƺнŲҸо֮ڣһˡ
ҿٵػعͷȥ龰ȴҴʧ˵ʱĵһоʧĴ㵣ôҵͷƤϾһ飬ΪҸո˽ŲȴһҲûУ
ʲôǷͻȻȻֺ¹ʧ٣ٵڴ﷢¹ףǴյײűֽ󵽷¹һصΦϣƾյĽŲô£
Ҵ⣬Ҳ⣬Ѿȫֹ
ԼҪţ˼ǸССؾżװϵһһҵ۾һһɨϣҵõ֮Ķ
ڼװϻһͱڴڵıϣȥͨɫӦӣʱֻҪõĶʲô
ҿ첽ǰȥǰҲŷ֣ǹ̶ڼװϵģӰͼװϵĺܽҸʹһ˿ͳ뽫װ˿һ
ʮֳԾǣķǰ˾Ȼ̲װ壡
ʮ˾ȵ飬ΪĶƳɵģ쳣ʯ鶼ܸƣȴżװ壡
˵װ壬ʯ黹ҪӲѾ޼᲻ݵĵز
ͻȻʶΪʲôҴ˾õʱʼպȻȥ¾ɣҴȴһûУ˼ӲֻײĶҲᱻײƬ
ҽȻӼװ޴֣ôӦȡˣǸĻĿ꣬Ҵһ飬֮⣬ûҵκοõĶ
Ҳ˵ΩһõĶ
ҲҴΩһõ֮ĶһңҷҴһ죬ôһҴ߶ûһ㣬ôηά޴ֻģ
Ȼά޴ֻ˵ԺԣΪ˼ӲĴǲҪά޵ģ㻵ˣҲ޷άޡ
ֻǸ˼һǣҴľģôҲ˵һɱʯ黹ҪӲôʲô
ҿڴյ׶ŵЩľͷѵЩľͷҴ֦֮ɣ
ԽҴԽԵùԺʵĺǴȴʵĴǺ˵ѵҺĶ´ˣ
һʱҵԴｻ֯һʺţҰ˼⣬õװĴ𰸣ͻȻãܽóҲòţͭǽڡ
յײ㣬ʼնعţҲģٴߵϸϸش¹۲һ飬Ȼٴơ
ȴ׾ͱƿˣűƿʱԼúܲ죬ǰĲҲʵ̫˵㣬뵽棬ҿϹһľͷոĲȷ˽Ÿص
ˮ棬ҸոսʱֱûűһΪʲôҲûз
ԽԽ裬ҿһźȻһС߽ȥ
ҵĽŲʲôҲûУһĭߵʬ֮䡣
ʱ֨ѽһƺűϵҰ죬нŲҵһعͷˮգʲôҲûУŻڻƶţȴûκζ
ǸոڼװϵӣһعͷҲŸת͸оʲô͵ϣҶʱһǷɿ˿ҿˣһҵǰ֪ʱȻͻȻһʬҸովײʬϡ
ͷ컨գⲻջҪһգҶʱֻȫӿһУֻ컨ϣȻһƬںĶʬǱһںĶţҷںһĶڶ
ʱһ⾿ʲôֻһͬڲһĶ컨ϣҵȻֻںһƬǿڲһĶʱ򣬻Ǳһ
ֱһոҺֽʱûע컨壬ȻûⶥϾȻжһֱǣд֣Ҳ˵Щʲôġ
ѾʼߣʱȴͻȻһϣֻźҲĺɫⶫҺһǽһںӰһ
ҸǣˮƵѾ㣬ƹ⿪ʼап࣬©ƫҹ꣬Ȼǰ磬ײĴȴȻͺҹûοű֮󣬣Ҳûˡ
ˮĵƹһûֵİӰӣֻ컨ϵںĶһչӣѾһںĶ컨ϴҿóĴ֣Ĵֺϸܳһغ˵شӱڶϴһ
ȻѾˣһű߹ȥǽһ죬ֻڵϵľͷѾµϣľͷ棬ⶫľ޴档
ҽŵƹѾһգ֮ûκεĳڣҲ˵Ѿ֮ոͻȻ򿪣ƾµ壬͵ҽ
ˮ˼һƬڰ֮С


ڶʮ 6
Ӹոյⶫ¹ģΪˮƻŵʱ߰㣬ˮƱͲ̫ʱ䣬źʯ̲Ѿ̫õʱ䣬ȻѾ֧Ų˶೤ʱ䡣
ˮ֮⣬ϼûκοĶҲûС
ˮϨһ̣ʮϤⶫǡɳɳ
ȴûмĶڰɫѪĹľףϿȣһֱΧߣȴ벻ԭⶫģôѪĹͷѵһ̣ѵⶫǱ˶棬ȻϮǣ
ںڰ֮Уⶫ٣ֻҪͿ԰ӰӺںڰ֮Уȷ˷ʤĹ棬ڰ˾ռߵô͸ءողǿĴڶҲȷ컨ɫĶȻǻģһҴδȴһֱǵĶ
ֻý˳ΨһҲǽ߿Ϊǽȫⶫʹ֣涼壬Ҹ޿ɱܣмĿռҲѾĴѾоⶫĸо
ҼҲؾͻҵķ˹ȥֻоҵһǺܻĶ
ԣҸоȻ̵Ĵ֣ȴû˵ϲͣȻ˾ǲ˺ѵһɺܻĶֻ۰ǣҰźŨҵȳζ
һ֣֣ȻٴγŴֵķ̹ȥأȴеһȥֱһ־סͬʱҵҲסһᣬͱ˿С
ڿƴţⶫʮ־޴󣬶ԴԴϵĴεסҵ˫ֺͽţҸоĴһؽҵӸھһϼһ
ⶫĴһزϣҸоԼҪȥһڿУҺܿ죬ҾͱЩĴֳҼѵغţĿһɹɵζŻµĶĸС
ҵѾײܶҾһر棬Ҳ֪ⶫҪʲôò֩һﳹײס֮󣬾ͿʼҵʳԵ˰ɣ
һ飬ǹ˺ܾãⶫȴûٶҸоΧƺѾ׾ֹһԼĺҸ졣
Ų֪˶೤ʱ䣬ܾ֮ͻȻоҵĶͻȻЩҵ΢΢ԶһЩЩϲ֣ҵ־ȻѾɻ
ҾȻѾɵƶ
ֻҸоʮֻһ㶫ⶫĴҾЩģΩһᣬʹ˺һŷ֣ҸȥѾǱװһһȻӣĴְɵġ
ⶫȫȫذ棬ҹŲⶫҸȥţʱΣգһᣬ
һȻþȫⶫϣⶫûľӲȻͣһ˱һϲȻӴֱһ֮ҲŴӿ
ҵĽһ쵽棬͸еյĸо֪Ǳ컨û׼Ȼ
ڵϣյײһƬڣôõʱֹ֮һļžȫķҺһĶȳš
ںڰ˲ָ˷УѾȷŵڡ
ŵ߹ȥҲ֪ⶫҹǸʲôΪ˱һűߣҸоŵľͷѾڵˣȻҲ֪ڵϵģҾߣҽһ
űĹҲһ棬һͷһֻۣһۣŵȴѾסˣΪڴ濴һʮ־޴Ķⶫҿݷ컨ϺںǶشڵϣں˺ܴһѣҸоѾˡ
ҲʱҲſʲôȻһߡҿƽ֮Уһͷ֡
ֻӺһЩһӷǱƬһž޴Ҷһ֮⣬ͷҲѪһƬĶľ
ҾȵǣⶫôԵ޹ʵǵҲסʱǻġ
̧ͷһͷҵһֻͷ컨ϣϰٸССľǲϼ룬߸һĶ
ƿһϵճҺ֮⣬ĶȱҾѾ֪Ҵ˾ȥֻǶѾ棬Ҷʳ
֣Īʧ٣᲻Ǳⶫ֪ؾˣ־ֿԲǺܴΪҾⶫܻΦ˺һָӡ
ĪֻҲָӡйأĿǰΪֹֻܲ²⣬ǷǡҴϡ
ȻⶫѾĪˣôҲûҪӳȥıҪҽŴ򿪣Ա֤㹻Ĺ
ҽ΢Ĺ⣬˷ⶫ壬ȷһ鲼һܱǺܿܳչҸոڴյײ컨ϿǸӣƬ״£еľһЩ֣һƬֶһĶӦþܹ컨ݷԭɡ
ͷܴ󣬼ҵСҿ˿ͷһƬ״⣬ĵط߼ûжû̫ӽͷ
ȷⶫһϡһЩ֮վЩ棬ԴЩʲôˣǴϵˣ
ʱҲ֪ΪʲôЩʬһѶѵİ׹ǣȫΪⶫԵʣЩʳ֮ĲкǾ˵ĹǼܡ
ⶫ˻¹ͷģոⶫûǲҲİ׹еһߣ
ԭ뽫ЩЩλö̫ߣҸ޷뵽ЩŵĶ
գǴûκοõĶΪΰʶǺʹһģҸȡ
Ҵ㵽װȥʱͻȻյײһƬҵĻ⣬ͬʱŨ̺;ҵսζӿ
ҰһãյײʧˣҴľǲ˵ǵĴջ٣ӶĬһﱻƻصȥ
ֵǣԵ޹ʵģĻ֣
վڴſڣֻܿðҵỤ̃ʱһ־޴г׽֣Ϊ龰һ취ҲûУҴûκοõĹߣҼУҲȷĴ
ҶʱЩװϣվڴϿƬԶһƬ뵵Ĺâ֮УѾԿһֵĺڵ㣬ûĻӦþ˵Ǹ޴ˡ
ӣȴĵ׸һƬΪ˽ʱҲòԼʧܡ
ڼװϣȻ˶棬ͷշ
ͷվһƬ뵵ҿ߼ʣԽԽⲻԾ⿴ȥôڵµӣҾãںϣȴǱʵҪúܶĺС
ȻԺʱĺôʱͨ
ҵԺػһ뷨ʱͨҲ˵ڲҲã֮ǵıؾ֮·ʱͨ
ôǲ˵ͨԨ·֮ͨԨȥĵطֻ˵֮Ԩһƺ
뵽ҶʱȻʣȥԨ·ϣԨףףϵȣʱϵȣȣǱ룬Ҳֻܴʱͨȥ
ҵĲ²Ԩڣ
뵽㣬͵شӼװƺһοǰδеϣûеһ̣Ҿܷ
վ棬뵽ʱǺŨʹ̱ǵĽζȴһҲ˼£Ǵ˿ûбŵĺۼҴײĻƺûӳ
ҴûгֽˮҲ˵㴬յײѾ˻𣬿Ҵȴ
Ҳò̾⴬ľ棬ľȻڻȼգҼҴĵڶĵط
ЩѰĹ죬ǲǶʾţ⴬ľһ漣ƺѾµҴĲʣңҲ²µΪʲôƬʱ֮ɺС


ڶʮ ڣ1
Զһڵ𽥱þ޴ĿĹâУһڿնľһ֮䡣
Χûп޴У涼һƬƽľؿӡ
ȻѾؿӣǻԶԽԽеһǰδеѹңԼԽСϡ
ֱľ׿޴ӣˮþܱߣˮĹͻȻʧҿڳһƬĺˮϸϸˣŷ뵽׵ӵӰ
ӵϣѾԿĿ׶Щնر鲼ӣЩ׶ǺڰһƬʲôҲ
ڽӽӵʱҵȷ˵ӵĺ棬һɫĶӺһֱ쵽֮Уֱʧź׺ľ׵棬֪ģǰӣΪԶʱҿжġ
ǵ֮֮ӱӴޱȣѾڱеߣվڴͷȥҲͷˡ
ԺĺˮϵĿ׶ʱͻȻúļľӣͱˮʻ˽ȥ
ҽ뵽׶ĵһо˹߰࣬ҽ뵽Ҳŷ֣һۿڣļˮΧתӵ룬һƬƽ봦һƬӴĿյأͬӽġ
֮ڵǰڣӣôӦˣôӦ֮ڲŶԡ
ľؿһյأúܽˣŷ֣ڿյϣˡ
Ҳһкüҵͷģǳү
ֻ֪үľףȴû뵽ǾȻô͵Ժ֮УһǶһ
Ҳֻȿļˣû壬үһҴûˣУޡ
վĿյϣҿԿϻ㣬ҲһֻֻҲ˵ÿһֻνġ
ڵӣȻڵȴĿ
棬ƬյرϣүѾ翴ңҲûоȣֻڳүϵʱôֻһˣѾ֪Ҳһһ
ҿˣĿȴİ˵ϣҾЩ죬ҵȷûм
Ŀ⿴Ҳû˵ʲôֻһۣͿ𴦣үҲûҽܣұ㲻öʣֻô֪⴬￿ġ
ү˵⴬ĺܵӵǣͣʻй̶ɵģֻҪ΢˽ĹɾͿʱ䡣
̤ҴʱҲãһҿմԺϿԲĺʻȷЩΣүһ˵Ҳµ˳ĴųںУԺǹ̶ģ䡣
ôȻǶ룬һվľӦȥˡ
ҰҺһͬϴĪʧٵº˵һ飬ү޶û˵Ǹ˵ڴϣֻûҵѡ
ҴдҶѾһ飬ʲôûУѵֹҲҼ棿
ҾĿԺܵͣҵ⴬ϼ˱ûУ
ᵽǣô˵ӦþΦ˺濴ָӡ˵ˣ˵ǾˣҲ֪ǡеıǣģҲָͷϣô˵ﰲȫǵģҲָ£ô˵Σգ뿪㿴ӡĻǵģ
һΦ˺ָӡ˵ġ
ǿү˵ôǻڴϣһа˵ǾͲڰ
˵Ѿ˽ȥ޿˿ңҵͷ΢΢һЦǴкҲȥҺͳү棬Сʳүү˭ôҴû
үȴҲֻЦ˵ֻûѣ۶ү
۶ү
Ҷʱˣҵʶ۶үӦǺͻ̫үһ͵ͷŶԣں߿۶үҲһʮͷȴͻȻˣǺ˵
ү㾪ȣ̵غ˵۶үһ˥ϣ֮ǰӣٰģҲΪ˶Ŀ
˵ţѾ뵽˴棬ӭ棬¹׻棬۶үѾ˱ϣҿҲͣǲǸøĿں۶磿
ȻͷҲѣ֪ÿᵽ۶үʱ򣬼Ǵų羴µ飬Ҿһʮرĵط򲻻õô˵𾴡
һȻ˵¹ô
ǰ¹״ʯ̲߱͵ٵĪŵһһ˵һ飬۶үѾüͷʲôҲû˵վߡ
ȻڴյڳǸǶڼװӣҿͣӣεǶڼװ棬˷ֺ۶үȴȤ
ʵҲ⣬ΪʲôһǶڼװ棬ʲôģֻǵʱһŴײ£˲ȥ棬Ҳû⣬ٿֵĺܡ
۶ү˵һڡ
˵վذӣȻҿϵʲôط͵һãҾһһװ䣬ҸϽסҲæǽŵһߣ۶ү˵һ
Ȼ۶үȥҽ谵ҿһʯͨһȽխ֪ͨͨʲôط
ĿռСӦòûжĿռ䣬۶үˣȴҡҡͷһ⣬ҼҴԭûУ
ҵ۶ү˼ҼҴʼһֱں棬ѵҴǺıɽһ¶ֻһСΣˮµĲĲ֣˵Ļô˵һ·ϣֻıƤϴתôֵʧ٣ǲҲǽ뵽棬ûв
𰸽ǰֻҪߵ棬Ĺ⾰Ȼͻ֪һС
תͨһĴһСĵططǿյģʲôҲûУ߽ȥҲŷֻ֣һȽϿͨѣĿռ룬ˮĲ֣Ĵ
ҲʱͻȻҴһ𶯣Ȼҵҡţվȣ涫ײײ֪ʲô£۶ү˵Ǵˮˡ
ȻѾˮôˮûйǲ˵ǽѾԼˣ
Ҫȥģ⴬ˮˣҪȥ
۶ү˵Ҳ֮ڸһ޷Խĺ蹵Ӻ޷ֱӹȥģǱߺ׵һͨ˵ˣطһʱϣǱͨȥ
ҾͿ޴Ӵڵˣǽ뵽ӣȻٴףӵͨﵽϣĻǲ˵һƬԺҴųĵطһΪԲ˲Խĺ蹵⺣˵ĹǷʯôҲǱұķʯĵط
Ҳ˵ŮĵطֻϿȣ˵Ĵڵĵطбĺۼ


ڶʮ ڣ2
ȥ˲ԶͷֲԾΪµĹ죬ӡ
۶үһۣүߵͷ˵⴬ǺͨһֶΣڵȷںͨ
һһֻխͨѾȫʧӦ˵һȺɫţͨľϵͨȫ
а˼طĹ쵱˼һһһȱһǶ޷ȥôոճү˵ͲڵľˣڵڣΪľڣֻһƶڶѡ
ȫһģ棬ȻĲǺӵĲʺһźܴĲͬʯͷһһʵѾˣӴĳ˵ʯͷ
ҺܻɣʵҲʯͷһ֣Ľֻҿͺʵ̫ˣҼֱһЩԶһģһԲǽ뷨
ұߣ۶үǰ·Һͳүںţһ·ʳүȥΪʲôûһ
ү壬΢΢Щ죬Ͼͻָı飬˵ûľס
Ҿóүѣܼҳµͬʱͺһʧڵӣ岢ûкͳүһǲ˵ûľףȥ˱ĵط
ҿүӣ֪ٵģֻΪʲôϸңҴҲ֪ԭ򣬶ΪҲ֪¡
ʱ֪ôģͻȻãһԽԽľ֣ƺѾٰҵ˼·תΪһЩδ֪ĲֶԽԽѶѾκ˶޷Ħĵزڷչ
δ֪ķչе־Ǿ־ʲôȴֻ֪оһ̣ҵ͵һؼӿ졣
Ҳͬʱҿ۶үͷһۣźܸӵɫҲ֪ǲǷͻȻı仯Ҳӣ۾𿪵һߣֻǺȻػ˻ͷ˿ңٴת˹ȥ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôĸоѵ뵽͵ֻһĪĺӽŵ𣬶ʱ˶סͷҵ̲סҵ˫ֽ߬ţֿ־Īֻã·ѾʹҵĽžɸһز
ͷֻͻȻ֮仮ҵԺ͹ޣһҿһߵĳү˿ûзҵԾոյͷ
һ·һ·ү˵ѾںףΩһԵĵطǲҲںΪǸ޴ӱϿᴩں֮䣬Բ²֮ںף֮֮ͺԼľ׵ڡ
ǵ˵֮۶үȴ˵һζĻ˵ԺԺ֮֮֮䣬ûκιϵ
ǲ⣬Խ仰Խ⣬ȻԺ֮ȫɵĴڣôΪʲôȴҪԺ֮вȥ֮ľ׵ȴС
۶үֻ˵仰㲻˵ҿүֻεʼ磬Ȼ˵۶ү˵ĻҶȥ£ΪҲǰײ£Ͳ²ʱȻ֪ˡ
ү⻰óĵģûа٣ҿ۶үƺҲ֪Ĳ٣ңһʼеŶϵûֹǼÿһŶôǲǴһʼͺҪԣʵҪ˵žõˣôǲƵ
ԴӵԼԼʱҾûм۶үǴĴ壬ʯͷȵȵˣ֮伸۶үټЩˣٶ۶үϵĴĹϵʯͷֵĹϵкҵĹϵ
һĺģ˵һ㣬ƺʲô£ʲôϵ޷ƹԽҾãʱǲѾĵҪʱ
ͷҵԺţòɢ˼𽥻һִ۶үĻ֣ʵӡ
ʵ֤ıһϵе£ҼӣҲ֡
һ·Ҽ˼Щӵ飬Ҿһë߶һԽԽҡ
ʱҿ۶үͻȻͣ˼ǰ棬ǰһʲôҲûУҲǸոҲûмעԵʣҲûע춯۶үͣһǷʲô
ţȴ͵ǽϿһŵָӡ˵Ҳʮһָȫµָӡ
۶ү˵ָ£˵Σղ˾
۶үһһվԭأҼûҲ֪۾һضһָӡϡ
ȴƳĬ˵ǡ֪ѾıƻҲ˵һ
۶үȴն˵ᣬǡͨõļǺţû˿ԷóŽʬѪŵָͷҪӡﲢֻеĽʬѪԼѪҺǵѪҺһȻζֻҪһŵֱܷ٣Ǳ˸ͷ첻ҾֵǣͨΣաҲֻһָӡһôֻ࣬͸ͲԽ׳һĽء
۶ү˵ľʲôΣգܵġҲȴڵ֮ҲӡǵʱҲĺ壬ҲûȤֱ棬ֻһǺģÿζֻһָӡһӳʮģȷǵһμ
֪ΪʲôϣԼܽȥһоʲôٻһ
ʱͻȻ˵ҽȥһ
ҾԥʱͻȻ͵شһ˺ѷεĺУֺֻҪһξͻΪûʹൽ޷ĺġ⺿ʱҵһ뵽ãܡ
Ҹӷǣĺʱҷǵûа־ζһĪ˷ܴĵ׻ǰľҷԼò죬ľ
ֻһȻͱĻﾭò֮¹һƬƽڰҲޣǾվ棬֮⣬˼һ


ڶʮ ڣ3
ҵĻ˰۶үЩ㶣ǲңȻ۶үն˵㲻ȥðգ
˵Ҳµġ
ҿ۶үһֱҵ۾۾þҪҵȥһȻʮҲɵһһ˵ɡԣ
۶үָǴＷһȥˣģɭþҪһĵȲҪȥͻȻɢ۶ү˿תͷͬʱ˵ǾϢһȿ˵
濴һۣ΢һЩʧ飬һʲôҲû˵Ƶǽ£ȴѾҳһš
ңз꣬Ҽ޷Լֻ˲ӣѸٵվȻصŲӣ˾ȹϵϡ
˾ңɫѾʮѿҲԼܷҸ޷Լ
һǽʱүˣңСģڷʲô
үôһʣҷסˣǰڷʲôΪʲôͻȻ֮˷겻ʲôõڷһַ꣬ȫԴһĺУ棬Ϊʲô뵽ȥ
ҿһˣһֱڿңƺү֮һֱڵҸҳ𰸣۶үǽϱĿ
һʱҲ֪Ϊʲôǲ˵Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
үҵĴ˵ܼ򵥣Ϊ㲻ǡ
ҿųүһֱҵ۾ôһ˲䣬ЩãҵȷЩǣҲκˣƺʯͷҲûпŵˡ
ү˵Сģʯͷжûи㣬㣿
ү˵ʵʯͷȷ¶û˵һҲûоƭʲôүƺѾ֪룬˵ҲҲǲһЩԵɡ
һɻүΪʲôҪ˵Щԭ֪ΪʲôǣǲҪ͡
ҿүҵͷȻ˵СģǴû㵱㣬һ·ϣԽԽԶΪһЩҪĲ¼ɡ
˵ʱ򣬳ү̾һȻ˵Ⲣ㣬Ϊ˭ľϣҲһ˿ܻø㣬Ѿˣڵ͸ս¼ǵʱˡ
Ҳ֪үָ˾ָʲôүҵץסʵүô¼ǵģ
үˣĬһӣȻҵ֪
ҵͷԴ֪۶үҵݶһα߳ξ֪Լһֱǲϲ״̬͸ӲǶνͯ꣬ڿ۶үҾãҹڳ¼֮ǰļ䣬ȷһγ׵׵Ļԣԣһֱ֪Ҿ˭Ϊʲô¼ǡ
ү˿۶ү۶үڱĿһ㷴ӦҲûУү˵ðɣȻô֪Ҿ͸㡣
ϸү˵ҵиڳ¼ǵģҲϡ
ϣҲ⣬ҵôǣϣ
ү˵ʱȷϵĵԳҽ㰲ڳ¼ǵƣҸҶ᲻˿Ӧ֪ĴͷˣȻǵҶԳôҾûв˵ĵҾͽ˳¼ơ
ʣΪʲôҪ㽫Ұڳ¼ǣ
ү˵ԭҵĵҲûж˵ֻ˵ЩΣһ£֮³¼Ұȫ࣬ǲʱӣԵʱҲ֪̫࣬Ҳûк˵Ϊʲô
ʣôүҲ˵Ҳǲ֪ԭˣ
ǳүȴҡҡͷȻ˵֪
һۣ˵ȵʱҵȷһͷˮΪʱһеĻƸ޲𣬱ֱţûĻڿ֮⣬ȷûʲô
ү˵ЩҵǼǵãΪԼޱʱƹѵֻڨЦһǴ
ǳүȴ࣬ûΪҶеЦǽüͷȻú˵¼ǵĲһ£ͷһ£ҳ׷쳣
͵һʵʲô£
ү˵ڡ
ҵȴһͷˮҵļڳ¼ǵǶʱ䣬ûгֹڵ£ʵΪʲôһҲûУ
ү˵ΪʲôҲǵãҲſ쳣
˵Ϊλ᲻ǵ£
ү˵Ҫ˵Ͳò˵ľֻǵһջ磬ǡһҺͻҲ˳¼ǷĿݣһˣƹкģ˵ЩⶫĲѰ
˲ߣԼһңڣЩªģһֱڣǴģԼаߣһһչɵģֻűص˳ƹ񿴵ⶫܾȣʱҺͻڳ¼ǣҲͽݡʱҲ֣һ¼ǵģϺӶ࣬ħһĺټһһص棬ԣҵĸע⡣
ݣҲ˺䣬嵱ʱ˵һζӦǸӳôĶǴӵԳˣֻ࣬ǿ˶˵˼Ǯ
˵ʵⶫʱҲûоʲô쳣忴֮ĺ˵ⶫӦܴǰĶ֪емңֻҪڣǾʹˡ
ʱʵôкʲôϵ
ү˵ʵҲûʲôϵǡ㸺ݲ赹ˮŸոս뵽ݣͽĿ⼯ֻϣȫݲ£ʱҾ񼸺ֱˣ۵ףȴһ飬ɱ䣬ЩնЩĸо
վм䣬ֱ㶵ؿڣһöûӦƹ㼸㶼ûϾ͹ˣҲҺǳ㣬ֻܽҡѣعע⵽Լʧ̬ҾʲôҲûһݲ赹ˮһע⵽֮󣬵˾һֱڿ㣬۾գһ¡
˵ʱԭڱĿ۶үȴڵ˴ºŽзۣ˳ʮʱˣҾ˵һµصʱΪ˽һ֧֣Ǿͽ˵ɣҲǸˡ
ô淨ʵ


ڶʮ ڣ4
۶ү˵˵ˣҪ˵ɵɵ£ʱ˽˶ڳĻƶۿһģǵǵ֮³ǰһһûµӣŵõʱЩҲҽӽ֧ҲԶֻ֮ͨѲ˲Ÿ۵ĳƺţ˼ȴûˡ
۶ү˵꣬ү˵ǵģҵĵ飬ȷʮʱҲСһۣҲ鵽۶ү˵£ȷһֲ٣Ե֪֮ҲúǷ˼
֪ôģҹʹһ䣺۶үôʶۣ
۶үʱ۾ҿֱӿ˿ңƺΪʲôͻȻ⣬ǻش˵ʱҾ֧ҲеһۣҲͬһ
۶ү⻰һըһҶ۶үᣬʮʱѾۣ˵ǲϲ֮
۶үȴûֻͣ˵ʱҲڳȷ˳ѾɵˣҾܻŴΪ·֮ȥɵɵǸطڵڳһʬȻĿѾòˣٲȻ˳ɵɵʱһģһȷģǰϵӣΪӵǽҴģҴĽ֮˭ⲻʱ֧ҲӣӣһǲˣҲۣЩɱӺζ
ҴѾ۶ү˼˵۲˳ˡ
ʱ۶ү½ӿǽϣ˵ү˵֮꣬˵Ҫ˵Ҳǽһеһ˰ɡ
ҵĿתƵүϣү˵ʱҿĿһֱϣ;²ԾļǮҲǼͣһ𴿽ڣǻƽкü͵ɻƽ˲õ֣Ӧ֪¼Ȼǵ̣氵ﶼֱģҲǵϹܣȻȻҲ֪һ磬ȴֻҪһ顣
ֻҪһ飿Ҳúܲ˼飬Ȳ˵ǴģǺʬʲôϵǼǮһ㣬ͺΣҷۻһŹֵˡ
£ҵȷһӡҲûУҾ͸ǵôһ£Һڳ¼ǣҲûмһڡ
Ǻȥˣʡ
ү˵⣬ûɡ
ûɣҲ졣
ү˵ǵģûɣʱһǻ嶼ΣڹһҲҪõģƴˡ
ܾҲû˿죬ȻʹⶫˣʼճҪ֮⣬û˵һ仰Ǻߵʱȴ˵һߺĪĻ˵ǲҪǵĻƺⶫܸȤ˵ʱ۾ʼնϡ
Ҿ¹ǹˣֻҲǵˣҲǺεİɣ
ү˵˾뿪ˣٺֻ֪ڣڹȥˣһ飬ˣ˵Ǽ塣
壡
ү˵֮صؽ棬Ϊ˲صһЩ飬Թ۲ķӦҷֶڸոյ£ļ侹Ȼں̵ܶʱǽԶˣȫոںͷ۳ֹ¸ˣΪǿǺ֪治ǣſʼע⵽ĲͬѰ
ôҲΪˣȥʼҵݣʡ
ү˵ǵģҺ׾ٵؾͲ鵽֣ӣʱһΪʲôҪ㡮ġһʱһ֪ʵҲµĲ֮һҲΪݣҲ֪徹ȻǷģ
벻һֱڳ¼ǣȴүҲ֪ʵݣǴӷҲסڳ¼˵֧ʮĸ˵ĶɢΪӦþǱ뵽ԣǽԼøҡ
ΪʲôøңȴףΪʲôҪԼøңԼȴҪ
³үҲ˵Ϻִ֣֪ƢȻԸ˵ôʹҲ˵үֻ˵Ƿģ֮ͽԼѾøңҲ˵ҽ¼ǵһõľǻݡ
үȥʸǾ׷ʻ壬廹ɢɢ˵һЩ߳үû
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仰Ҳ֣ү˵ʱ˵ģĻشү϶Ǹɻ˵׷֮£˵ȳֵĵط޲
˵ҵʱ򣬾޲ǰ˭Ҳ֪ˣҵˣҲеˡ
õү⻰ʱתͷһ۶ү۶үûʲô飬ȴں΢ҡͷҲ֪ûпȷҡͷ
ү˵֮Ҿ͸ע㣬ҷһ˵ʱ򣬾кܶ಻Ծ쳣ٶԺڰرУʮºڣںڰķȴرǿ˷ѽǣ͵ϮҪ㲻ľٶرܿԽ۲죬ҾͷԽѰʱһɥʧ˼ͨһ䣬ѡԵʧȥ㿴ں˳˵ļ䡣
۶ү˵һ仰Ѿôֱ࣬۶ү˵Ҳ˼ϸϸ˵
ֻӵһ仰Ѿ۶үĻ֮񲻾˵ºĴҲǣ
Ҹո۶ү˳µʱᵽ֧ô֧ϵģǲǳ¼ң
ѵǴµأǳ¼֯ģ
֪ҵӣȴû뵽ۣƫͷȥ۶үΪոҡͷƺԸоҲ֪ҵܿڳү˵޲֮ǰģΪҪܶࡣ
۶ү۶үأʶʲôʱ򣿡
ڴؿ۶ү۶үȴ۾˵ʶʱͻǲ룬Ҳ޲ǲͬǣ䣬ҵǼһˣ񡣡
۶ү˵˹ؼϣ׷ʣʲôˣ
۶үȴڰʾұ𼱣˵Ҹո˵Ҫ˵ǽһеԵɣôǾʹͷ˵𣬹ˣҲ档
ҴҲҳ֪飬ôʱ֮Ҫͬ˵ˣҵΪͽŶò
۶үŻڣ˵ȷе˵Ӧʮ££Ҳ
Ҳ


ڶʮ ڣ5
˵ʱǵµΪⱵʱ򣬼ڵܵĶ϶˸ɸɾʱ򽲾֣ɱ߶һ֧ȻкܶССŻǻ϶ֹĴ壬ʱһĵ̫ƽ
ҲҲ뵽ˣһµأĴ֮һĳ¼֯ģ¼ҵʱƴ󣬻ϳ֧֮⣬̿Ҳв٣̿ϵһҪһЩʱ¼ҲʵһѣԣһµأӦ֪ĳ¼ҹģһµأص㣬һ
ʱ¼µأӦû壬Ϊ¼ûҵæ˵ĴֹϸµٲĴĲ룬ܣ̿죬֧£ΪĴһµϡ
ɳ¼ιģ֮µأȴƿѰˣڵѰ˳Ѱң֮ѰǾ۸µءȻ˴µص˶࣬µصĻһһҲ͹ˣҲγ¼һҵʱ;Щ֣ҪôۣܿҪʮϣԲҪͬ
ʵ֤ȷˣΪڿĹһĶҾãƽѱϵҾȻⲢԿ䣬ʱҲˣ¼ҲҵҡǸĹҲûнȥԲ֪澿һʲôΣǴʱ¼µعӦʮҪҼֵĹ
һʼ˾Ӫţ¼ҵ֧ȥգʵ˵Ҳܲ³˼ʲô⣬ôûԳЩûۣҲˡʼգҸоǶһֱҲ֪Ǿʲôֱ¼ҳ¹̳£Ҳ֪ʼգǶѪΪ¹̳µĵط͵ȥĵطһ
ȻЩǺ󻰣ǸʱǼ㶼֪¼ѰʲôǾʲôȴ²ܿͱԺ󣬾Ϊǵһδӵһȥ߸ˣһû˵Ĺ澿ʲôǸô棬ǴǻǰͷҾ֪Ĺһ򵥣ܿѾʮΣյĵزΪ¼ѡµص˼Ǻ֡
һͨڣȴͭһճӰ֧ǵʱǶ𾪣Ϊˣ׼ȷ˵ӦˣΪСǸʼһԲԵʱΪҲһʲôҲ֪֪Լˡ
Һ˳һ飬ʲôҲûûκεװΣûκεĻƣһ澵֮⣬ʲôۼû£ԣõֵʱǶѣΪǸ޷˵һӳîصǣ⾵ӿһˣȴԽԽĲʲʯһĶ֮ҸӾȣҾⶫܿϸûеĶ
Һ˳һԿ֧ʧɾʱ˵ˣ֮áƺƺΪ˭Ҳ֪ʲô֣ҪƺǾͺľͷɣΪǴ̸ֹһľͷһܶʱʵһľͷΪ˵
ɾǶûʱȴˣ˵⾵ӲͨвϾʱ˵ֵʱǶܳԾǸһʾһʮĶԱ澵ԼӰ񣬽Ǿȵط֣ӰȻһˣԱҲһ˵ʮʱģֱһģһ
ʱľͷ˵澵ӵĹЧǽӰǰʱӣԲвϾƺһʶ̾ס֧飬ĵλһӱ޷ֱӣҺ˳ԵһǴ
Ե˺һж֧һʱøҺ˳ͳãǳ¼֧ҲûĿ⿴ǣľͷ۹ⶾҺҲѧһЩЩҪ죬һȴңܿЩ̶ܴϣΪЩ
ܼⶫˣһĲѰ֮Ҳʱں޲֮¿ʼ뵽һƺõȦ棬Ҫ˵¼ҵεӦһ췢ıʵĿʼ
۶үѾҪ˵ؼѾ۶үĽ棬ѾһЩǱ̨ʣǸľͷ˺ҳúƣô˻᲻ʲôϵ
Ҿ۶ү˵ȥ۶ү˵ĺѧЩĶҲ˽ǽԼ֪ĶңҰһЩûĶҾȵģЦ˵һģʱ仰;úܲԾ
˴Լʮ죬¼ҵĶٴµأȴغ˵ʱ䲻ˣܵȲҵĶˣʱҺܲףҲû͡ڵϣǺҲ֪¼ڵµһһһ˵µص˻࣬ܿܲɹٵˣ뿪
Ҫ뿪ҺǾȣΪڵǺܲΪµصʱ£֧ǿԽֱӸɵɵģҵĹȰֻЦЦȻ˵ֻҪߣ˭סʱ顣
飿鲻Խѿڶ۶үĻȫһؿڡ
۶үһ˵һ˵ǹҵ£˵ҽԼԼܽ٣ôʮʱ͵һطȥҾ˵˰طڣҪȥһһŵͼң˵ֻҪŵͼıע߾һûУرûʮ꣬ǸоԼѾҲǰȥ
۶үȴû˵ȥľʲôطΪʲôҪȥٴʵʲôطȥûУ
۶үͷ˵ȥˣط˵Ҳ֮ķ룬ֻȴڵط
۶ү仰һطľ׾ͷ˰ڣ
۶үͷ˵Ǹط
ƺ͵ʶһҪ⣬ͷȴԺ֮˲ʧһץסѾѸʧ
۶ү˵ʮ֮ȥģȥҲ֪˵ڶµĿġ
ʣȥ￴ʲô͵ڶʲô
۶үƺǵطľԸ˵ֻ˵ڶ£ǹġ
ҵģ㶣Ȼ͵ʶ£ȻѲϵ


ڶʮ ڣ6
۶ү˵ΪʲôҪȥǵطȴûлشң˵Ϊҵĵڶ׼ʱҺܺ澿ʲôҪ£ȻиһƽˣҴ뵽֮ǰЩɵԭ򣬺ܼ򵥣Ұ¡
˵ʱ۶үͻȻ̾һƺпȻ˵һ䣺ΪʱĽĳŵԼ֮ӣҶݽ֮УҲ޷԰Ρ
۶ү˵ðһʣ۶үڵӣӦþʮ꣬˵ʮʱģѾ꣬Ϊ۶ү֮ǰģ
֪һ·ĳ֮඼ܳ־ãʯˣʬ׳ΪһΨһûиõľ¹׺Ӿۼĵطǰ۶ү˵ɽ֮䣬Ȼĳ֮ôαԼϲ״̬ģ
˵ԵĳǴڵģֻǰ̵ô˶ûҵûҵȷķ;ѣ
۶үȴն˵ϸûг֮вϲ˴ڣͶȡɵķӰˣַ˶Ǻҵ³ΪʱԶƽȵģϷŪʱ䣬ʱҲϷŪ㡣
۶ү仰ƺǻлζ򣬶۶ү˵ԣҲϲ״̬ҷǵûңҷһѣҾÿ־壬ҾԼһ
벻۶үȻ۹ģʵοԲϲأ
۶үң۾һңҿ촽ţȴû˵һ۹ƿ˵£˵Ҳգո˵ˣ
۶үºƼɻĪҲᣬ۶үתƿ⣬˵ոյľͷиĵڶʺйص顣
۶ү˵ľͷиĵڶ£ǽʱ۶ү˺ľͷһˣһѣڰָһЩҪôһ﷨ȴû˵۶үȻʹֻ˵ʱܰľͰܰľ˳ȻҪǿ󣬶ʱ䵽ˣ۶үȻͻ֪Ҫ
£Һܳʱ䶼ûзӦԺиֳľ޴ʺһֱԼҺľͷʲôϵ
Ϊʲô᳤һģһΪʲôҪ۶үңҺʲôϵ
۶үĻһ˵ϸϸɽ֮Ȼ㡣
۶үᵽ˹ҵ׷ʵ
۶үһƽ˵ողǲ˵޲
ȥ۶үûж˵ֻ˵޲ңηֵģķֵģΪʲôȥ޲ȴֻδᡣ
˵ȴδΪ۶ү˵ҳһģһ˵ĳֻǾһƳˣΪ˳֮󣬹ڳ¼µ֮ʧˣʧĹ죬ƺͻȻ֮ڴǰʧκ˿û£ڵʱĶһ˷˼Ĺ¡
۶ү˵ΪӪصĻƺͷ˸ûҵκʧĺۼߵģ뿪ģʲô˿ȵȵġ
ǷһȷһӪгֵʧ٣ʱֻʮңһοĻ˵ȥҾҲûгû˴ȥͳ˵ʱԶʯϣһ̶뿪ǵҽȥʱѾˡ
Ҳ˵һˣƾղˣǹ۲һ㶼ûбƻĺۼĶڷź룬һҲûбңּ֮Ѿ˵Ļ֪˵Ѿ뿪
Ȼ֪Ѿ뿪ҲúΣһֱ֪Ĳۼ£ʼҶû֧˵ҲҺһղܺԼɡ
˵۶үŴסϸϸζ۶ү˼Ҳ˵ʧ֮Ҳûгֹô֮ܳʱ۶үûмǼҡ
ͻȻʧٺ۶үºǹŹ֣ǹ۶ү˵ͺһµ壬۶үǵһˡ
˵ԭΪ۶үѾ˵ȴ˵Ȼ;뿪ˣû¼һûзǼµأҺ˳
һ˳Ĺ֪֮٣ȻҲһЩͱһľ輼ɣһǿһĴΪȱٶЩʷ״֪Ҹ˵Щʲôʱģʲôġ
˳ȻҲ˵¼Σֻýȫû˼
˳ɵɵ¾ͷʱ
˵˳ɵɣͲò˵˵ڵĵطڵطɽҲɽϣɽ¾һܴɽ壬Ϊ˷ֹ˻ɣǵӪؽɽ֮Ҳ˵൱µصĵطһɽӡ
¼ҵڶµһЩƬÿһƬƬ϶һֵͼЩƬȴϵƬȣǷֵƬҪ࣬ߣЩͼƬǹΣ״
ʱƬľͷʲôӪĻƲŸ֪ľͷѾʧˡȱľͷҺ˳ûпʲô֧Щüչ֪ǵһóĳҳƬµҪҵĶԼľͷˣǻȥ˵Ρ
۶ү˵Ҵ¿뵽һһµأ¼˱ʣΪľͷ뿪ʱ˵ȲǴĹʵĻ˼һ˵¼Ҳⶫڶ˵ܿܳ¼ҵ֧鶼ɥ˶棬ȻȲǳ
˼Ҹ۶ү˵ĺƲģΪһµأ¼ҵ˵ȷһû˴ж֧
۶ү˵ǣǵʱ¼ҵĶ֮һϢ棬ӪʣµȻҲǹµж֧˵ȫС׼ףᲢ۵ġ
˳ͷ͵ǵĳ뿪һжӪµҵͱץȻͷ˺ɵɵ¡
ǣµĹ֮ȴΪܿǾͷ˵ʱΪΪ£ʱǻ֪˳ŻҲΪ£¼˳Щµص˲ŻźͿ־顣


ڶʮ 죭1
ʲô£ʵֱ۶үҪ˵ºܹؼ
۶үϸϸؽ˵֮һʱҵԴȴӲϣΪ۶ү˵£ȫͳһ
۶ү˵¼ҵ˽˳˵ɣڽ֮󣬷һشصͷ
ӵʱ˭ҲûעĶ˭Ҳûпһشصͷǵ˳ȫ֮Щͷһһشصػ档
Ҿȷ˵ͷҺܳȻͷҲ˵Щʱˡ
ʱ¼ҵ֧鶼龰ǲҴ⣬˳ͷڣȴ֣ͷǴԱߵͷģңͷȻԽԽһҲûеͷ˼
¼ǵĻһֱڣ˺Ѿ˳˳һȴǲͷԴԽڣͷԽԽܣǲʬ
ʱȷÿһڳ˶еһ⣬۶үǸʱ¶£۶ү˵ʱ龰ʵ̫ˣͷ˶ˣʬҲûⲻò뵽¼ǽȥĹرǽȥĻƣѾŵ촽ϣɫһƬ԰ף˿ѪɫҲޡ
۶ү˵ʱҲ𣬴ʼգ۶үµصĹֻȼ仰һʲôĹĹҽṹ˭Ĺȵȵʲôû˵۶ү˵һ磬رǿȥĹĻƷӦǺǿңǲĹͬĳ
۶ү˵Ҳ֪ΪûȥǸĹ棬Ҳ֪ЩȥĹĻΪʲô⸱ģʱЩ⸱ģ۶үҲ䣬Щ۶ү֮ȴȫڷѾǿ־嵽˼㣬ʱ򣬻ڵĻͻȻ˵ͷʲô
˵Ŀʱ棬ĻֱֽͷǿŵһľС
ְ˽ŵؽľӴͷһҪͷһظ˳ʱǲŷ֣ЩͷǴľġ
ΪľһóеͷͱҲ˳ҿľӵ״۶үѾʶ˲ԾΪľӵĴСԱ˵ͷ­һЩʱ룬棬òһͷɡ
ľӱ򿪣۶ү룬ȴ۶үΪ죬ȷһͷ죬һͷһľװûзĹЧľͷ­ȴ͸ոͷ­ûһû۾ţһ̾ͻԼһ
ЩͷǴͷϳģЩͷľеļ϶ǵӣӦڲϵȻͷôҲ˵ͷǻģܳôͷûи⾰ȫǲܵ顣
ڿͷĹ⾰֮۶ү˵һ¹صĻƱ˹ȥڳһͷ­˶úܲ飬ǳ¼ҵ˾ӹĵطľб˻ֵȼʱȴ˶벻顣
ЩͷǱ˸ɸɾΨľкͷ­ȴȻңǽͣҲղ
Ĺ⾰ּ֮ոճ¼ҲĹˣе齻֯һ𣬴ҶΪԼŭ飬ʣµĹµ˽ľиȥΪ˰Ϣ飬ǽĹԳĶһҲ˽ȥ֮ÿ˶ľйؿͷ뿪
۶үʱ´˵˳Ҵͷβһ飬ȴҲº˳ʲôҪϵͺ˳ųʲôϵ۶үڽһµʱƺһֱڼʾȫġ
£ǳүڵǳ¼ҵˣȴҲû˵¼й£¼µÿһζм¼ڼļ¼ҲڣҲΨû۶ү˵һ
үĿһֱͣ۶үϣ˵Ⲣǻ۶ү˼ֻǾãҪһµأǲΪԣ¼˻ѹû¼
ǵˣֻ۶ү֪ʱϸ۶ү˵Ҳѹûм¼ɡ
۶ү˵ʳү¼Ǽ¼µص飬ǲǶµػŻ֧Լ¼֧ûˣΰȨСţүǲģ
үͷ˵ȷ
۶ү˵ǾˣǼ֮ûм¼Ϊвж˶Ѿˣû֪µľ¼ȻҲͲ
žòԾȻлƶѾˣ۶үû˵ǺΪʲôᶼڷѾһߣȻ֪ǳ¼ô˵ҲӦ֪һµ飬ôڼ¼УӦᵽһ£ڳү˵¼ȫûУ治Ρ
۶ү˵ģȴҡҡͷ˵¼ǵ飬Ҳ̫Ҳȥ롣
Ȼ۶ү˵Ҳ׷ʣҽ۶үǺǷʲô£ƺѾصΪ˵вж˶ˣ
۶ү˵ֱڣⶼһֱ⣬˵Ҳµԭίֻ˳֪ˡ
۶ү˵صԭҲల£ֻǲŸջصĵڶ죬˳ͳ˳¼ǣ˳ǳ¼µǰۣ¼ǵĻƶһص¼֮ЩƻҲ˽໥˵µصĹ£ԣлƶ֪˳ɵɵ¡
ǿͻȻڳ¼ǣ˳𾪣еľǿ־壬ر¹صĻƣǾΪ£ÿ˶ϵġ
˳ڳ¼ֻ˲һĹƺĳ־Ǹ߳¼ǣţû
¼ǷӦȥѰ˳ʱ򣬾ûİټ
ǾһµصĻһͬɶ۾ŴţȻǱģÿ˵ϣбչĺۼеУ˿棬淢ͷ
ͷһһѵĹͷǿͷ­Ǹˣ
۶ү˵һ˽һ֮⣬Щ¹صĻƵȵȵɶȻǵ󶼱ͷսڵ֪֮۶үһٴȥǸʱµפӪأЩʲô
ֻǣ˵ʱ۶ү˵Ǻ溦èҲΪȥӪصڣ˺ɼڷһС
Ϊȴȥ֮󣬷ǸطȻǺ뿪ʱûжٲ𣬵ֻǵһۣѾȻߺǸطٴαڹӪصķΧ


ڶʮ 죭2
˵ʱ۶үȴ͵شסҺضΪҸоѾ˵˵ϣ˵һܵԴͷ˵۶үȴٲ˵һ֣±۾Ȼ˵Щ˵ɡ
Ҳ֪ʲôʹ۶үʱͻȻס˻ɣ֪һЩ۶ү˵˳ʱһЩֻ˵»صӪأڳ˳ʬ壬˶϶ֵ˳Ͳ˳۶үסͷҾãҪһ£ǹ˳ʬ£ǹľкͷ­Ե޹ͷ
ʱ۶үȴͻȻһ仰Сģ㻹ǵѪĹ￴һڻ𣿡
ڻҷʣ֪۶ү˵ľһڻ
۶үЩȻ˵Ƿһòкܶ׼Ƿڻ
ȻҲ֪۶үΪʲôҪʹڻ飬ǻش˵ǵá
۶үҵĻشͻȻʹ۾ҺǼеʵô¼Ϸŵʲô
ˣҼǵʱһͯͯŮʱΪôģǺٿʱѾһͷ̫̫ʱҷ˼һڻʲô˼۶үԵ޹ʲôԵʣ
ǣּҵʱ򣬵ȻǸٵ֣ҲǡҲʹͬ⣬ΪʲôǶҪʲôѵ۶үҲûмıڻ
ҳЩǱص˵Ҳ̫ȷҲһͯͯŮҲһλϹš
ͯͯŮţ۶үƺ˵һҿɫţȻЩУʣԿ𣿡
Ǻܾ֮ǰˣ۶үᣬҶѾЩģˣٴλ龰ǷڻѾģˣϵˣѾ׼ǲǵģ
ֻҡҡͷ˵ЩǲˣֻǵҵһȥһͯͯŮǺľͱ˹ţƺҲѾζһڼʲôʲôģڶΣѾ˹
ϸαڻϸڣڻǰһ£ǿζѾֻܲͬǵһοۣҵʱҲûϸҶڻɣһҿľ׼׼
۶үȴѾĬˣ½۾ϣǽһ仰˵ܾ¿ңСģ֪֪ĹһĻһĹ
ӵͼҲһЩΪһУһ㷴𽥱ˣ۶ү˵˵һ벻磬ֻҲ׵ǣΪʲôͷ۶үȴԵ޹ʵ¡
Ǻ£۶үȴֲֻᣬȻվ˵ʱ䲻ˣɵˡ
Ҿʱ۶үֻͬҽЩô򵥣ͬʱһҲ˼νȥķӣֻǼ۶үӣЩɻʵ۶үѾ뵽νȥķˣ
۶үûб飬ҵСģ֪еЩˣٶʧȥļ䣬Ҳã޻ʯͷҲãҡ
һûֻ֪̽ȫǵǰ£ʯͷҲЩʵش𣺡û̽ǾͰ˵ҵȷʲôҲǵˣ֮ǰ£Ӧ˵ˡ
˵仰ʱ۶үȴͻȻǺͻأ˵СģԽԽ񣬶һرúһģһ
۶үĻ͵һѾ֪۶ү˵˭˵Ǹľͷۣ
۶үͷ˵ҷ˵񣬺ֱѾһģһ
˵һģһ
۶ү˵һϣոں˵ǰЩµʱ򣬲֪ôģͻȻ˵һμʱ˵Ļ⡣
ʲôʡ
۶ү˼˵ҵļ֮Уƺûκζʧļ䣬仰Ҳ͵ط֣кܶƺҺ޲֮¾ͳ״ҵļ䲻ˣҲ֪жļ䱻ǣ֮䣬ҾȻҲʧȥ䡣
Ҽ۶үԽ˵Խʵ⾿ô£
۶үȴûм˵ȥֻ˵Щ飬ƽȥһһʮϸظ㣬ڣҪ˵˵Ļƺ仰Ѿڸ
ѾȲҲǵ˵һ仰ʲô
ֻǰߣͿԣһûµģ˵һһ۶үһֲ©˵ȻͶؿҡ
ľȻظ仰ͻȻһѵ˽һʹĪʹͻȻϯҵԺ̲סͷʹ
үѾҷסңСģû°ɣСģ
־ҵʹгһ˲ĹȻͻƿү֣ͻȻֳһ仰ڸֳͬʱѾѿڶֻԼ˵ȻѾ֪ˣߣ
ƽʱĴͬԼҲú𾪣̧ͷ˻ٴѿ˵ʱ޲ߣǲϣʱµ龰㲻ǵ𣿡
⻰ȻǶ۶ү˵ģ۶ү˻һǾȺͲĿ⿴ңҲ飬˵㻹صޣ
۶үʱͻȻվ˵СǸϽ뿪
үȻвɫǴҺ۶үĶԻӦѾ˶ߣҲû˵ʲôֻǳүվʱҵļ߳һ۶үͻȻͷϵıĪ⣬˵Ҿ֪㣬ͬһˣ
˵˾ʧͨ档
۶үĻֻֻƬﴫҵĴΪʱҵͷٴξʹʲôҪųһԴҵĴһЩϵĻһƺһƬããɳĮ֮Уҿڳҿ˭Ҹ壬ֻҵ֣˵Сģңʯةӡ
ԺһֱģģֻʯͷһһҶ߻صţʼտòֻ˵Ѿȥǲǣû°ɣҵ𣿡
Ҳ֪ûлشȻĻʹ˶ϾֻһƬӲӵɳĮ޲
ȻԺеĻʹϵȻƺͻȻһƬɫ֮УֻеһأƺʲôƺһˣɿòܿԼʺѪȾֵѪһңԶүǿȥɣʯةӡѾˣٲߣˡ
Ȼ֮ͱңԶĸǵصĺڰҹĻһ͵ؽҹסֻû棬ʹһ˲ͳͳʧҵڰˣҲ׹ޱ޼ʵĺڰ֮Уʧȥʶ


ڶʮһ 죭3
ٴѹʱˮʶֻǸոѣһЩδйļǵصسӿҵԺѸٵ˸Ļ棬ЩȻȻһҵļڳһ塣
ͬʱҶһںңʯӣʯӡ
˳۾Ȼһҵǰȴ飬Ա߻һˣްΡ
ҳѹȻֱްΣô
ҵĶʮˮҵ۾˳ķ򿴹ȥŷһӱߡ
͵ЩӦҸոڽͨ棬ôͻȻʲôط
ŵͬʱѾ˳ҿްζһ˵ľ׵ĵºӣȥϵ֮
һͷȥһͬɽİԶĵطͷʯѾΪһ壬ϸľҾȻѾ֮εģ
ʱҲ͵۶ү˵˵Ǿ仰ֻǰߣͿԣһûµģ˵һһ
ڹһ⾿ô£
ʱްѾҵεģ
ްε⣬鲻ԽʵǰҴ𣿡
ްȴ㵵ؿһ飬˵ǵʱ򣬾ѾԲѣʯӣһôŶǴģ⾿ô£εԼҲ֪𣿡
ҡҡͷ֮ǰģôҲ˵Ե޹ʳˣվֱʱҲŸеҵ·ƺʲô
ҽ·棬һӲͱĶҴָ˵һʯһĶܹĳ塣
ҽóȴ͵ط֣ѪĹҵѪۣóһ˲䣬ֻһ˫۾ǻһضҡ
ҲͬʱްεһȻҾͿѾ͵վָϵ͸ʯϻӣ촽ţȴһҲ˵
ҿ飬䲻ްǰ飬ľȴ˿ްΣϾް𾪣ҵʯӣⶫǴģ
Ҫ˵γϵģԼҲ֪Ϊҵļ֮УⶫڰػϵĴ֮ѾˣֳϣҲúܹ죬һǻش˵ҴӰɫĹҵģڲµʯĹ档
ȴްһۣҿóǶ˵Ȼңʯӣȷ
ҿ϶ȷΪҼǵҾǴˮʯͳⶫްκʵ̫ڹ죬ҴǵѾԲµ֪ⶫ
ʵʲôΪʲôⶫ˾ȣ
ʾް˵㻹֪ⶫ֪𣿡
ƺΪȷϣҡҡͷ˵֪
˵ⶫõ֮ʹû濴ʲô𣿡
Ҳʵʲô
ҹ治⣬Ȼ˵ϸ
дⶫϸһȦҿϸӸǶȿȥȴȵطֻ֣۾һֻǿյģֻȫһҽֵ˵ˣǵް˵һ˫۾ʱȴҵƺⶫģ
ҾǵЩԾ˵ѵ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵治ⶫ죬Һر𣿡
ٴο͸ʯӣŵȷЩϤҲȷ֮ǰһûʱް˵ⶫУװѪõģ˵ûͫ׵һֻʧѪĲۿףԱߵֻѪڣԿž͸˵ͫ
Ѫ񣿣͵ػعްβ˵ãôһ˵ĶŵȷѪһģѪҼ·мȱڣһ˫۾ŻȻԭôʱһֱûвµ⾿ʲôȻװѪõĺӡ
ٿʯӣһ϶ҲޣôѪαŽȥԼóģ
ѪȻһԣһֻڳ¼һ飬еһ飬Ҳǳ¼ҹƴóһ飬ǲǾ˵¼ҹȥʵһĹ˵۶үʱ˵ĳ¼µȥҲһĹ
ǳ¼ҹΰѪһȥģѪΪһߣȴֻһ飬ңδӷյʯ潫óȥģ
Ѿҵ¼ӵ㣬ʯӾһһֱһ¿һ֮ǰ鶼
һֱҲѪĹЩطضھ࣬ȫΪѪ񣬽ľ׻Ͽ
ֻǽµˣЩΪʲôֲڲͬĵطΪʲôѪ񱻷ڰɫĹ˵ȵȵĻľףϿĶԽôԶĵطȡһǷǳĲ㣿뵽ͻȻһܴ󵨵뷨᲻ĸطԼԨͨģЩطǿ໥ģ
Ƕ֪ȥʮףڲ֪˵м͵ʮǧôԶ
ҶݵЩ»عʱްεɫѾ糣Ȼްβź˵ϵʹΪⶫ
ȻѾ֪ѪһЩãһްξؽһѪڵ壬ް˵Ѫһװãҿ˿Ǹ˵Դ
ʲôãȴҲ˵ˣΪʲôѪһԵʱΪʲôҪѪϽһʱްҡͷҲ˿֪
ʱ˵ͻȻãĸطĴƺЩΣǾһԹһȥʼһľ룬۴Ӻδңޡ
ôһ˵Ѿ֪𰸣𰸣ԴҸոµһ֣Щ֮УһƺԵúȲȥ塣
ָоǿңԼҲ˵֪һҪܣҲһı˳˵ġ
ҽиǿѹȥȻ˵ĸطһ滷ǽڣǽȴֻһڣڵǱĸطãڶȦӣʵѾԽԽÿһڳ
˵ǣǵʱҲڱԽԽ٣ÿһҲԽԽΣգʯӣһֲõĸоʵشңڷһУĶڰ㵱ƵȲ𣬻˵ļƻѾܵĸţǶѾƫˣ


ڶʮ 죭4
ֱӣѾҵһЩǶ⣬Ҹ޷ش𣬵Ҳƭǻش飬Ҳ֪ԼҲ֪ƻʲôԸ𣿡
һؿңȻ˵ƻ֪֮
黰䣬ްȴͻȻ˵һ֪
ץסʲôһؿްΣʵ˭
ްƺԥŲҪ˵ȻҲ֪˾˭ҲʵްΣ˭Ϊʲô˿Ҳ֪
ްԳΪѵɫ˵㵱Ȼ֪Ϊҵְֻ֪ʧ䣬Ҳ֪ˣʯةӡ
ʯةӡֵʱͻȻʮ𾪡
Ҷеȣ֪ʯͷ˵ģΪʲôʯͷȴͻȻ飬ǲҲһ㾿
ް˵ްΣְ𾿾ʲôְʯӸĻʯةӡģ
ްοңֿ飬ֹѾ˶ŭ˼ҿģƺѾµʲôȻԼƶ˵˳ްΣʯûиְְʯةӡǲǣʯӵļƻʯةӡԼҲЩ߶ȴֲͬƻһƻǲǣ
ްμѾµſ˵ǵģʯةӡҲһƻʵƻǷһƳģһʼǷʯةӡһƣֻǡ
ֻʲôҾһҪ
ް˵ֻʯةӡƻļѾûˡ
ʲôгûˣʡ
ް˵ˡ
ʱȴ͵ؿڣ˵䲻ȫûУֻǳ⣬ֲãֲá
˵ʱ˵˺üֲãȻż˵ʯӣʯةӡһȥǸطǲǣеļ䣬ڴŹ֣Ҵӿʼûƻƻ
ʯͷԴӴӡǸط֮ȷ˶úǹŹ֣飺ô飬㲻֪ƻʲô֪ʯͷƻƻ
˵ǲ֪ƻʲô֪ƻѾǡ˵ĿƷΧ㾫ĲµľѾˡ
Ҳ֪ǴӺδЩ˿ֻǴҵԺϣʵҲѾе˲ԾΪʲôһԤڵʮһ죬һζʲô
νһŲ̽䣬ҵѾĻֻȴʯͷһУûж⣬Ҵûж⡣
֪ΪʲôͻȻһɺܲõԤУʯͷڴҵĳŵͻȻվ˵֮ʯͷڴһ·ȥ֮Ǳ֮ǰ
˵ҾվҵԺһͷһֱţֱ֮һǴԿף˵Ҫҿյ׵ԿףȻʯͷǰһ˵һ·Ǻһ
;УŴ뿪˵ҪҪȥһڱʲô£ЩһȥɣܿܣҪһȥ
ԽԽľһڡǸطͻָеļ䣬֪еļƻ֪ҪһУǰһЩطдתʱ䡣
ұѾľ׺ӵĵºӱϣһʯţȻҲӽģҴϴҴҹȥްνǰߣ£ҵĴԷԽѣҵԺѾһ··һֱ֮ȥ
ľ׺ӵĵºӣǰһպݵһ˼ȥѷ죬߾ɽһӣҺԥ߽ȥһĸ䣬ȻһƬյϣҾã֮ڣΪҿһӽĺ
˵ǹ˵һеڸΪǡ룬ĵط֮ҿĵƵ䣬Ҳ֤ˣ֮ʵԨͨȥġ
߽ȥûţֻ̨֮һʵ߽ȥ棬ͱһƬ谵ֲָĺڰҷ֣ĺڰңڹ컯֮һߣҾʱҵֱøڤڤ֮УƺһָĿĵ߽ȥ
ްظţҸоһƬڰڷǳسһ·ⶼߣԽҿ϶Ԩ߽ȥ
Լ˺ܾ֮ڳ뿪ĺڰҿǰķʯڷʯ֮Уҿ˽µһƬĳǳء
ųǡԺԼųǵÿһĶϣǶһҹһľ޴󷢹ʯķʯ·һųյһƬƻͨ
Ҵ̨ȥų棬нþ޴ʯɣųǶûбƻĺۼҪǣ˯ĳһ
ڹųǵ룬һͬǾ޴޷ӣųǾΪĶȥһ޴У֪ҪҵĶڳе룬档
ҿųǵʱҾƺΧһֱһֵֺ֮䣬ʮǶĻΪϸʱָֻһİ
ְѾ˹ĵزϣַһ⣬·ˡ
߽üֵʱŲģΪڹųǵκεط㶼ؿôߣȴʼոôԶľ룬ƺԼ·һȷߵķ򣬾ǳȥġ
κɳĮ￴¥龰ԽķߣңɼĵطҲһţȴʼ޷ߵıԵʼǰߣȴʼڴת
Ҳ˵ǿһֱǰȴں֪Ȧӡ
Ȼʶҵ뵽ĹһݵĻأȻҲԭƵĸΪѡ
һݵƽⷽǲҪѭµĺۼȥѰǸԼĸоȥߣΪµıǡþԻĶԼĸо߷ײӰ죬׾ٵ˳
뵽һ㣬ѾʶڳӺΧĽıǣҲԹԴ
ұ۾ΧһļžȻҿʼֱߣرһЩ֮Ҿҵֱǿֻ࣬Ǹոձ۾ҵԺѾһ·
𽥱ǿҵֱ֮Уͬǿҵģ㷵Ĳƺڸңｫᷢһ¡
ѭԺһ·ڳǰߣҵĽŲҿްεģǸһԲȻǲҵ˼·
岽ң͵ʶԾΪƺ˵ĸŲǵΧƺڸǣĽŲǿҡ
͵ͣ۾ԼǴںӲԶĵطһعͷ뿪ްûŲȴҵһҲûС
Ҳ˵ոûްεĴڣȴǵĽŲôҲ˵ͲǵĽŲĸʲôң
ҿܣǼžģʲôûУֻԼ΢΢ĺҲģްΪʲôͻȻʧ٣
ɻʱԵһĴͻȻͻȻ̽һֻްΰӹڴ϶˵ӦĶҾƺʲô
ҿŹڴϵްΣٿʲôʱܵȥģҾȻ˿ҲԾҾȻǾ
ɻػһ⣬ⲻҪһֻҲԶȻһɫķĩ״Щӡġ
ٴɻؿһްΣߵɫĶϣϸĽӡӡһţһԽӡһЩһСһЩҵȷްκġ
˳ӡķһȦӡһֻʧڹĵطȻǰްҪȥһ
ڴӱϵްοҪŽӡٴ̧ͷȥʱѾӰ㾰ҵһǡ
Сټ
ȥްκ龿ȥæȥ
ҽʯƿʯֻţҽȥ֮涼ʯʵһЩҸ˲ȥЩҳ¥ݾܣΪȷǡ֪ʲôǳʲôĿġ
ȻС֣ôҳһģһǸҲӦŶԡ
ֻһû棬¥Ͽһָӡͱӡ¥ݵ̨ϣһ״ƺھңǰΣգҲٿˡ
ȷڿӡʱҵȷԥôһӣ洫һϤޱȣʯͷǸϽ뿪


ڶʮ 죭5
ʱôһӵʧȻҾͳ˽ȥ֪ʯͷ档
ǵҳȥʱûа˵ӰӣãȻػһȦطտҲҿٵǰ¿һҲûУո˵ȷʯͷֻôһ˲Ĺֻȥ
ɻתһȦֵһֻӦǸոµġ
ҽһûǱȴѾˣǶͣһ̶ʱϣĪһ
нŲ洫̧ͷȴްΣǵıʮֻţɻǣովȥΪʲôͻȻ֮Ͳˣ
˵ʲôֹҿƺйŹ֣ǰסԼɻʵ飬ʲôˣ
ֱʵոǲ￴ްΣ
ҿ˵ĺܼеӣǵͷҵΪأ
ҿߵްΣֿЩ̫˵ʲô
˵뿪ĽйŹ֣
˵ްξȥҿ˿ֱֻƺͻȻʲôЩӽǣҲ˵Ĺ죬ʧ֮ǵ龰Ƶģ
ЩȻڵĲ²⣬ҾöҲ˾ŲʮҴɾʱ洫һֵǸոս뵽ųǵһģһ
ʱҸ޷ֱ⾿ʲôȥֻ֣ص棬ȴǽϿһš
Ǵ洫ģްμ˽ȥǲңҳһĶȻűϹ
űϵʱҴһЩ˵ĿЦַ·ֿЦʲôһëȻĸоǹĸо
ؽƿʯŲûбҽƿ֮Ĺ⾰һسǰЩ谵ǵűƿ֮ȴûпˣбĶ෴տģ˵һһСռһʯףҵ룬Ǵ洫ġ
һͷһްΣ˵ƺж
˵Ѿ˽ȥްζһСغ˵ʯӣûʱ
ͣͻȻס棬ֻͻȻһƬžҶֻдʯ洫ĿЦһ
ұ濴һްξô£Ǿתʱһֵֺĸоҵͷڶ𣬶һǿҵĲͷҲԽػͷһڵϵʯףָоȻ档
ҵ۾ȥ֮Ҳ޷뿪ħһҵΪʯ濴һϤͼĵͼ
һʱ侹Ȼ淢£ʯױϣḧʯϵͼ͵ڹͷһ伴ŵĻһ
ʲôͷϤĸоͼƺѾģļ䣬Ҽǵ
ڿͼʱѾ˴ʯ洫ĹŹʯͻȻĪزһ£Żع
ʯĶǻģײʯס
ͻȻĶþȫʯ׵Ĺ׸Ǹƿһʯ׵Ĺ׸ǲᱻֻڴĥʱܹ⻬׸Ǻ͹Ľϻܽܣʮַһʯֻף滹ڹףʯҲڹһġ
ҷ˺ܴŽʯ׵Ĺ׸Ǹƿ룬һڹףֻڹȴأƽʱĺǲͬ˵ǲͬģΪһͬһĶⶫ˵Ǽģһģһʬ壬дӲﻬŮʬǶǱװһ͸ĶС
ʯҲһһɣⶫĲʺװѪʯӾһֲʣȥһˮĶһȻγɵꡣ
ͬһŮӣҴźصķΣκϿȿǾŮʬһģһڿһ˲䣬һʱĻΪǾߴӲŮʬ
ڿŮʬĵһۣҾ϶ʬ壬Ϊҿգ۾۾һؿҡ
ǻģֻ룬£ҴȴһƬհףҲ֪ʲôˣ֪Ϊʲôᱻװ档
һ˲䣬ƺ촽ţ˵ʲôһʱҲŷ֣Ұʯ״֮ûһֻضŮˣˣҳ϶ոյӦġ
촽ţ˵ʲô˵ʲôȴʲôҲոȻôΪʲôȴʲôҲ
ЩɸոǷϿȥⲻϸϸһʹ濴ҷ֣͸ͬˮһĶƺС
Ϊ˳ⶫҿȥƺ滹һⶫŮӵ࣬һӣܿģ͸ֻаߡ
Ҳ˵ⶫܿǶڵذ֮µģҿֻ¶һֶѡ
Ů˵£һɫӰһʱҿʲôҿһӰڶ
͸ĶϣǼӲһʱ޷ȷʲôʣֻ֪ȥܼӲܱ䡣
Ϊ˿ⶫҼԼ棬ҽȥ֮Ů˿ĸһЩƺһԻĿռ䣬Щ¹һεĲۣҿ޵Ŀռﶯţһֱźţƺһֱ˵ʲô
ֱĺܽˣҲע⿴ͣһܴжϳ˵ʲô
ŰȻһֱظһ仰߰뿪߰뿪
۾һֱңһʱ侹ȻӰһĶеעϡ
ݵʧĹͻȻо͸ŮЩٿʱȴĶһ¡ʱӣѾ仯˺ܶࡣ
һؿ¡ĶӣƺԵúʹӣֻ۾ңҲ֪ʲô£ôҿ뿪
ԥһӣɾһӵĹҿ¡Ķƺʲô˳ҿʲôϵ·һЩƺ


ڶʮ 
ұһ͵ֱӣֱӵһ˲䣬ҿһںڵߴ˳
ǵҿڶ۵ʱͻȻ֪ⲻߣǲ⣬ҿͷβһ𣬾һԲһӿ
֪ôģҿⶫʱ͵ؾЩ㱣Χˡһ֮ҲûУֱǰⶫҲһƬģҲʶҵʶһɥʧ
ʲôҲʲôҲ˳һƬ֮С
ǽţҸеںңƺںҵ֣һеһֱҵԺؽ۾һȴʯͷԺ˵ʯͷô
ȻҸеʯͷƺҺʲôֱĸоѲ٣ڿΧ龰ҿʯǽϣʯͷͶԱߣؿ˲Զǽϵһӡ
ңĵطȻԺµͨ
ôֻصطô£ҼǵѾľ׺ӵºӱߣΪʲôֻ֮صԭء
ʯͷһǵؿңңСģεʲôˣ
Σɻؿʯͷ
ʯͷ˵ҸϹԲѣһֱظš߰뿪μʲô飬סˡ
ʯͷ˵ҲʶոյһоȻһΣ
ΪʲôҾҾԼʵطһ
ֱѾ˹ҿ˿⣬ȷǸոڵĵط۶үǸߣԵ޹ʵػ˹ȥ
ʯͷһֱؿңȻңСģǲѾʲôˣ
ʯͷôһʣһһЩ£ЩǵƬΣƾѾʧȥļ䣬˵ʯͷƺһЩ޲£Ҽ㣬۶үˣΪʲôȴ֪
ʯͷ׷ʣ޲
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪Ա߶һƬɳĮɳĮʲôûС
˵ϸȥ뵱ʱ龰ǾʱʯͷͻȻסҵĸ첲е˵СģȥЩ¡
ұʯͷ͵ôһողԺֱģҿʯͷʵΪʲô
ʯͷ˵ģȥЩ£Ӧңȥ롣
ҸӲˣʯͷֻ֪㣬˵ոεģܾ֮ܿǰ£Ҳ޲֮ǰ¡
޲֮ǰ£ʣҾԼЩֲָо֣޲֮ǰ˵ǲǸǸʱ飿
ʯͷ˵ϸ˵ոǶξڵľȫǺɵģϸ˵һˡ
һˣʣްҲ棬ҾҾԼ뷨һģһ
ʯͷ˵Ĵңǲ㣬˵ڵ㡣
ʣʯͷ⾿ô£
ʯͷ˵СģҲ㣬Ϊܻ⣬֪޲֮ǰļ䣬ķֽߣ޲
˵ҵķֽߣ
ʯͷͷ˵˵ܻ᲻̫ףǶξڵĹϵͺñǰͽ㣬ԣǾ㣬ʵǵȷ㣬ֲ㡣
ҵǰҾǲܵ£˸ûǰһֱŵġ
ʯͷ˵ûУֻǴһȷ⣬Ҫ˵ʱĲͬ㣬Ƿڹȥδֻߣͬʱ
ʣΪʲôһЩ⡣
ʯͷ˵ȷѣ˵ôֻ࣬һ㣬֮У
ҼʣΪʲôϣ
ʯͷش˵Ϊ
˵վҿʯϵһӡ˵һֱѰ㣬뽫Ҳˣǵ޷ߡ
Ҿ˾ʵҲǣ
ʯͷͷ˵㣬Ƕһڱš
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ʯͷʱ˵Ǳʱĳֿһĵһ룬ôʧʱ򣬾ǵʮţ޽ӽʮʱɶˣ
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ʧôܡ
ʯͷ˵ոյΣһʱ£ңǱһʱξж೤ʱû֪֪Ҳֻ㡣
Ϊʲôңʡ
ʯͷ˵Ϊûʮȫʮ£ôҲûʮȫʮı嶼ɡ㣡
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ʯͷ˵ô࣬һʼҾûзʯͷҸ
ʯͷ˵ڡ֮ǰҵǼ
ʲôʡ
ʯͷȴܣ˵ڻ˵ãǽж
˵߽ȥҿ˿ǽϵָӡ˵óȻȥ᲻⣿
ʯͷЩָӡ˵ʱ䲻ˣر㣬ûжʱˣ
˵꣬ʯͷ߽ȥҸʯͷ۶үѾ߽ȥˣʯͷ˵֪
ʯͷ˵ҷĲ٣һЩʯͷ˵˼ǲ˵ѾǼƻõģ˵Ҽƻõġ
ܾòףǽٵԺһºʯͷ˵ˣʯͷƬ̣ý˵벶ȸں󣬲һ̣˭֪˭Ӯңƻʧܣǻлġ
ʯͷƭңҲȥʯͷ߽ûжԶҾͿһʬڵϣ쳣Ϥһ˵ʬ塣
ոӦþģʯͷһۣʯͷ۾ҲһֱʬϣȻӣؿָͷúָͷ
ʯͷһ˵ָͷǡԱ־֮һֱǻС
Ҹûʯͷ˵ȥѾúܷΪŵޣֲøոôһ˿Ϥζԭ޵˵ĻһֱߵǸޣǡ
۶үͳүȻ˿Ҿʶ˲Ծǽ֮Ҳһῴʬ壬ôȻͻʶ޵ĲԾǰ˼濴ڵϵĳү


ڶʮ ͻ
ҵĳүΣߣҺóүбϢ˵ֻǻԹȥˣһһ⣬ȴ۶ү޵İӰǲΪ۶үġ
ʯͷ˳ү㣬ּҵģǰοģ۶үϵµġ
ŷʯͷҲ˿үüͷȴ΢΢ϸһү壬ȻͻȻ˵СģүԶһЩ
Ҳ֪£ֻʯͷʱȴүͻȻýӲҼʯ˵龰ֱһģһ
ԴѪĹ޼ʯˣ¼ֵĸоͷʯͷô£
ʯͷֻؿųүȴһԲȻͻȻվ˵Сģǿߣֻˡ
˵ҲӦһѾͽҸеþˣұ͵קûӦʲô¡
ʯͷȴһԵǰߣһͷһ۳ү壬ѾױһʯͷҼʯ˼ֱһģһ
ҺʯͷٵǰߣʯͷǿٵڱܣҾƺʲôƵģҸҲ֪ܳ˶Զֱܾ֮Ѿ˽ߵͣһͷһۣȴ֪ͨʲôʱѾûˣҵȻһǽڡ
ʯͷʲôԵʣʯͷ˵ոճүΣǳ˴ķʯԵʡ
֪ʯ˺̶ܴϻʯΪʯԵʣֻҲףʱүΪʲôҪԷʯ赹ĵطǵʱЪϢĵطʮףôľ룬£ӦкܴĶŶԣǵʱѾ׻˹ȥʲôҲû
Ҳ֪ʯǻģⶫ˵ݵȴãΪ˵޷ΪṩʳԵЩʯ֮󣬼ͻʯҲ˵үµķʯ룬·ʯʱѾһЩʱˡ
ʯͷ˼˵ʱһԭίǺܶ鱾ûд𰸵ģǱ뾡뵽棬Щ飬۶үһЩ
˵ʯͷߣȻѾ޴󣬾һɽһǰȻѾԶˣǻǸ˺Զľ룬ң֮䣬һɽԶԶɽһš
ɽϵʱɽ濴˿˿׵ӣһҿķĪԨΪϿȵĵ¿ԨҲ龰
ʱȣҶ룬ʯͷǰ棬ںţŴԼжʮ׳ʱһЩ΢΢ĻζҵߵʱҵԺ͵ػһ棬ƺҲϣǾ˭ȴȥ⻭ˣֻԺƺһ͵滹δȫҵĸ첲ȴ͵رʯͷ׽ס۾ֻʯͷҵ۾쳣䣬һع˵СģȥЩ飬ǻẦġ
Ҷ˶һһعʱ򣬸ոյЩгֵһ׹һƬģʯͷ˵ҲҶ룬ֻʯͷʯͷΪʲôЩẦңҾҪЩ䡣
ʯͷȴ˵Сģҡ
ʯͷ˵ôĵʱ̱ԼѣȥЩ£ҺʯͷܿϿžͷʱʯͷͻȻعͷ˵СģһҪסǸҲãǡҲãǶ㣬ֻ˻ݣȴǶһ޶ġ
ҲʯͷΪʲôͻȻҪ˵ҾʯͷĲһĹŹ֣ҵͷ˵㲻ҪģѾסˡ
ʯͷҵı֤ŷȻ߽档
ţʲôһֱܺ棬ʮ־޴󣬾һȾ޴ɽţҪΪƺзʯƺбĶ֮һƬ֮Ӷǰģ͸İԵúƯҾǴξ֮һ
뵽֮ʯͷ˵СģҲ֪ʲôʱĶ
Ҽǵʯ￴ķڻֻǼǵں֮ǰǱģ˺±ھ˳ֻǾǸһ治֪
ʯͷһȦ޴ĶȻͷ˵û֪ʲôʱ򣬸û˭֪αģΪĶһ漣
û֪Ҿò˼飬ȻĺӴԿ񼣣ܻһԴ
ʯͷŵͷ˵񼣡
Ȼʯͷô˵ˣǾ˵ⶫȷɿѿһ䣺ѵŮ彨𣿡
ʯͷҡҡͷ˵Ů֮ǰѾⶫ
ȻͻȻȫһգΪֹҪ׷ݵļκţֻǵŮǸʱ򡣿ǵϸϸһ룬ȴ֣Ů嵱ʱұʯڣ֮ǰѾڵĶˣҲΪ֮ʶĿ֮ԲŽһ棬ôŮ彨ģŮѾڵģǡҲ㣬ǲ˵ܲɷֵĹϵ
뵽һ㣬вЩԾ˵ĻôҪ׷ݵʲôʱһͷԽԽأʲô
ʯͷȴûٶ룬߽ȥҿһܱߣ˿տ֮⣬ǿտûκζǴӶʱĶһ壬κ˴һ塣
ţ̧ͷ˿ĶͷȫһƬ׹⣬ǽͷ˿ǰ棬ǰҲһտȴ߼ʡ
룬ʯͷ˵ˮ棬ӦþԺˣԺ֮Ժľ޴ƾὫƵʯ̲ϣȻ˽Ųľ׺ӱߣҷҵʵǾ˵ǺϣΪĳڣǡľ׺ӱϡ
ôĹؼǣ˭Ƶľ׺ӱϣֻһֱѵ֣ȴ֣ô˭
ʯͷ棬һ濴һЩѾ绯ʬЩʱģʬҲ˵ʱƤʯͷ׹龰ѿʵʯͷ㻹ǵƤ׹ʱǾ䵽䵽ĻӦѾǱҳˣǲӦµĲŶԡ
˵ʯͷش˵ҼǵһƬˮ档


ڶʮ ָ
ȻʯͷԼҲǿҡͷģƺҲûҳһҾƺΣ˵˵ǵ˽˳ôȫûбҪԼݣǡĻѾʮֽӽҪҵĴģôʯͷ⸱ԵģӦɱʯͷŶԣΪλôҲ˵ͨѵе֧鲻ɡ
ƤأģҾƤҪһЩݣһʮصݣܾƤ֮ѾñʯͷҪأƺЩ棬ÿһӰֻһСɫŷ֣鵱оȻŴߵãÿҵʱʱس֣õһ
ټ֪֮ϵĴıЩһֱΪҵֵʱҸ޷ݣ˵ӡƺǽںû֮䣬Ҿֵֹġ
뵽ƤʱҲ룬Ƥʯͷͬʱģô᲻ʯͷˣƤȫ£ʯͷƤȳȥģ
ͷһΣվҵ֦ѿҾȻԽԽ϶뷨ľףϿȣѾˣΪҸûİټ
ţѾ߽ȥԶɾʱʯͷȴͻȻͣҿ͵ؾͣ
һ˼⣬ں޷ؾײϣתͷסңһơ
ʱҲ̧ͷȥֻǰһ赣Ӧһ֣棬ȴһεģƺһˡ
ʯͷĿҲǽض棬ҿǰһǵ߽赵ʱƺǻһҿ˵ӰģȻʧ赵Уʯͷ򶨶ؿһҺһŻععͷʱҿɻȻͱ쳣ƺ͸ʲôһ
һٿһЩ赣ַȥ赺ǼӲֻ滬ţƺѰʲôһȦȴʲôҲûз֣Ȼͣٴ˼һͻȻתͷ˵Сģԡ
Ҳ֪ʯͷʱҪʲôѧģϻҽ˫ֶ棬ҵŸոȥ͸еĴ͵һʹҿԭ׵ʲôɢһѪͬһĶһǵ㣬ûв´ĻӦþҵġ
ЩһĺɫһӣڱֱƬ֮ѪһѾ˺ܴһƬ򣬶ЩȴһһøеѾúҵֱ۲ϸҿǵģǡþͺѪһģҾԼĵͼȻϵͼȴԽԽϤҿɺһģһͼ
ңһޱȵͼ΢СϸڶҷǵһνͼֻǿͼʱѾʶϢʵ̫ˡ
ͼ˵Ҳ¼ʮΣÿһοʱֻһţܿһͼ֮⣬˵ʵĻʲôҲһزͬҾͼʵ̫ˣΪѾҼµؼκεͼǶֲͼĲ֮УǱһ壬ȥһͼǱʲô
еص㶼ΪٴοǸӰȻɿӣȴԿͼ֮УǱһ͵һͼģ
ֲ֮ǰÿοҶľԭͼģÿοĶƽͼΪѾҳһЩؼƫͷʯͷһʳ⣺ʯͷңҾ˭
ʯͷͼǾȣʵʱǾȵؿңȴҡҡͷҲ֪ǲ֪ǲ˵˼Ҽʯͷҵ˭
ʯͷɴֱӱͷٲңڱܿҵ⣬ߵʯͷߣҵһɿ赣ͼʧȥһʼȻ󽥽ʧӰٴαģҿʯͷ˵СıɿҪ
ҴûмʯͷŹǼæٴνƸȥʧͼ±ʯͷһٲʱ䣬ҿһҴûӰҲ֪֮ܲʯͷ˵ĺܿ죬Ҵ¿Աһʾ䡣
ȻʯͷͿӰ۾գһ£ҲһؿأҷͻȻֵ̧֣ʱҲжϳһŮˣϴһ͸ӣҼʬֲʮƣȻƺҪһҾ־Ҫʱҿָػţʯͷ۾ţҸоһѹֵþҪϢһ
ָ滮ţƺдʲôдʲôȴ֪ʯͷöָͣٴ˻ȥȴʯͷôһӣָֻ˳ɫ
ʯͷдʲô
ʯͷĬ˼ӣȻ˵һģһ
ʯͷʯͷ˵ʲô
ȻʯͷƺͻȻعһ㣬˵СģֿԷˡ
ɿֻ֣ǸͼʺѪġ˵һѪôһѪ
ʯͷٳ˼һӣȻ˵Сģ߰ɡ
ʯͷʼնû˵Ů˾ʲôŮʲôˣֻ֮ʯͷøѹˣƺոʲôʮ˲Ϣһʵʯͷ㾿ôˣӡǸط֮һֱܲԾ
ʯͷǱı飬˵СģոǸˣĹˡ
ҲĹˣʣõĴ𰸣ҿʼĹҲĹˣﲢûĹǾػʲô
ʯͷȴ˵֮ǰҲ˿֪ǸովҲŻȻԨȻһĹĴ壬ˡ
ĴˣôĸطǷֵĹ񲻶൱ڡסͣԨһĹĻǻ˭Ĺ
ʯͷӹҵĻ˵ȷĸطĹ൱ԨĹĶңĹԨûв´ĻĹӦþŮĹ
ŮĹһ𰸵ʱȻܹģŮˣĴ屻ַĸطŮǳΪĹˣֲãֲã


ڶʮ 
̾ʯͷȴѾ˵ľײŻ˶ĹŮȻܹôȻͿ˶ĻأЩǻأȴָ˵ŮúҵֲԸҵԿǵì
Ҫôеⶼһ򣬾Ϊʲô˵עľףԭľ׾ŮĹڣͨԨΩһֲͨľ׻Ůʯԭ
Ϊʲôĸط໥ͨҲΪⱾһĹңͨͲǺϡ£ȴ벻Ŵµأ涼Ĺҵıתȴû뵽ĹȥҲΪʲôÿһĹ涼ѽţΪʼվ͸ûеŵģһֱŵıת
ʱʯͷͻȻңһһ˵룬Ѿ֪ˣ
ʯͷڵһ˲䣬Ҳ˵ϣ
ʯͷ˵ǹϣ
˵ȻĴ嶼ŮĹĹˣֺĴһߵˣôˣֻйˣʱҲΪϣŮ֮֡
ʯͷ˵ǵøϽĹȥ
˵ǾͶΣѾһ뵽ǶĸĹָƣôȻҲһֱŮĹǾΪʲôҲңȴ˷˼壬ǹϡҲνġµ𣿰˵˳ʱ棬ӦѾҵŮĹѾܲŶԣΪʲôҾǵĲȴһģһ
ܾ޴Һʯͷ˺ܳʱŴӳľľ׺ӵĵºӣ濴龰ֱһģһʯͷȴңϿȥһģһųȴѾˣҲһʱ˵ҿܼǲˣ˾ҵĵųѾ׹ԨѾһƬնһֱԨ
˵ʯͷָǰһƬڰҿ˵ųǵڣһ޴Ŀľ׺ӵĵºӺˮѾ˽ȥ
˳ʯͷָķ򿴹ȥ濴һƬںĿٺӵĵºӾһֱʧڿ档
ʯͷ˵ʹΩһԽȥڣΪԨĸĹûֱӵطˣֻ»ûһͨ
ʯͷ˵ƺŻʵĸĹȻͨԽȥôʱĹνģ
ʯͷȴ˵ˣŮƿľ裬㾭Ͽֱľ
һȻҲ˵Ů嵽Ԩǲ֪ľֻԭʼİ취ȥ˵Ҷƺһ㣬֮ǰΪֻӰʱ䣬˵ǿıʱﵽһֺЧ룬ҲӰռ䣬ŮĹֻ¾ӰĽϡ
һȻڣɺô
ıˣܾߵеɺ϶ĳıҺʯͷľ׺ӱߣǸողӱϣͿƮһʬ塣
Īֵʬ壬һһ״ǰеĲң˳ľ׺ӵºӵοȥȴͷֻʧ档
ӺƮŵһʬƺһŮ˵ʬ壬ǴźַεŮʬ塣
ĵһۣʯͷѾ˵ϣ
Ҳ˵һʬϵʬ壬ʯͷȷϣ
Ϊҵ֪ѾĳʱѾʧΪʲôҿԶ֪ôģڿʱͻȻãϵʧ٣ǲǾͺųǵйأ
ŮǲϿȣػǸĵطģǺȴʧ٣ϲǱŮĵڶϣôһǷʲô޴ıʣôųǵǲǾ뿪ϿȵɣΪǵְ׻ҪػŮĹַôųݣ˺ŮĹͨڣ뿪Ͽȣ
˵Ļľһʲô£ⳡ޴ıʾһ߾꣬һֱ
ΪľѾаػţҲԶǧظ˵ػϸ޷Ӧһͻıʡ
뵽ڡġʼƺһͭʱᵽ˷Ԫʧٵ£µ˺ͳһƺ֮˭ҲûԪ𡪡Ҳ۶үʧ顣
룬ٴηһε飬ǡġҵƲ⣬Ķһʮˣڽ뵽ľףҲ뵽֮ͭ󣬾ûһġӰӣǲ˵ġͷԪһʧˣǴľ׺棿
᲻ֿܣ
ֻͬʱڶ֮еġġҿʼǵĹŹһʼΪǱ븴Ĺϵ룬ҾҵƶϿдǴһʱ仹벻
ʱʯͷѾ˺ɾɲǣֻԭ׵ĺˮͻȻһУоʯͷȥĵطԽԽҲʱҿԭںƮŵʬҲ֮УʯͷҲͽһסʯͷԼȴиȥڰϿżʯͷȴҺһСģ
˵ʯͷ˾ͱˮףŵǾʬҲ˽ȥڰϸżʯͷʯͷ
֪ҲȥˮûʯͷãˮУ¿Բµӵļˮֻһȥͻᱻߡ
ڰϽؿˮףʯͷӰȴް㣬ʯͷʬ嶼ȥ֮ʧٴαһƬƽҼⷬʯͷʲô⣬ԼҲ˽ȥ
֮ǰ龰һһȥƽĺϾͳһɾ޴УҸеһɺܾ޴ҵȽŰӵקȥֻҲûиеļĺˮֻҸûзӦѾˮ棬ʱסһѾ뵽ˮ档
ˮһƬ谵ұȥںӵ׾ȻһҾͱųȥһһˮףʯͷİټҪȥʱҵֱͻȻһסһѡұ뿪
ҿԼֱۣŷԼֱۺǱʲô˩סˣȴһӣ˳ӿȥֻʯͷڲԶҴƣϵ˼Ǳ߹ȥҽӵŬιȥ
ʯͷϣҲſʯͷڵطһ޴ʯ飬ʯϰһӣʯͷӣֻ벻ͨǣʯͷôô̵ʱｫס
ȴʯͷһֱڳҴʾҿӣҿǸŮ˵ʬͱˮ׵ʯϣٿӵʱ򣬲ŷӣǱĶΪҿڶ


ڶʮ ʳ˻
ʱҲע⿴Ҹ첲ϵӣֻⶫѾҵĸ첲εز˺üѣһؽҵĸ첲ս
̧ͷʯͷֻĶΪŵӣ龰֮Ҳ֪ˣľ׵ºӺӵ׵һֶ
ô˵ûбоŵȥұŻӵ׾޴ʯ飬ǵҵʯϣŷⲢʯ飬Ҹ첲һĶǴģһʱҲ֪⾿ʲô
ʯͷһվںӵףҴƣʾҲ𶯣ǲǿԣֻںӵףһͻȱţ˼ӣͻ
ȻʯͷֳҴƣҼȻţһֱ仮ȥȻʯͷذױŪˣûпõģϴҪ
ҵһֻֻܶ佫ȡһĶӵԲⶫϿʯͷߵʱ͵ָ̧ϲӣȻʯͷƮʯͷƮʱ͵סңҲϵظϲϵӣҺһƮ
ǸոƮҾ͸ег֣Һʯͷʹ֮УǾ޴ҺʯͷʹˮҺʯͷո¶ͷҪȥ
¶ͷһ˲䣬ʯͷٵغ˵ϽǶǸ͵˰ϣ
һȻʯͷ˵ǾֱˮҸеסҵĽףҺʯͷ¸Ͻȥ
ٴν뵽ˮУֻԲĶǳഥһ˼һЩһĶں̦һ˳ˮƮţŷ֣оⶫŪģһĶڳΧ򿪣ٲȻһ仨Ƕ׼ŵӡ
ⶫʳ˻ɣһǱˮ׵ʳ˻
ҿǸϵŮһֱεزܱߣӦþնˣֻҪܽˣ붼֪ĴĹϵƮһϵŮˣ˭ˮⲻ֪壬Һʯͷ뵽嵱С
ٴαˮףһοô࣬ЩһĴּѾεزסãȻϣǸһֻܶؿſĻȥ
Ҹ˾ò˼ǣֻ涼ĴƮںӵ׸һ㣬һ̦ںӵһѭķ򿴹ȥֻЩֶǸȥ²ԶųǵĴѵСҲԨȥģ뵽ǣⶫѵ˳ԨһͨĲɣ
ұԼǸո֪קҵٶҲ࣬Һܿͱϵ˻棬Ҹоҵӱȥʱ⻨Ϳʼ££ٶȷǳ죬ҾһƬڰ֮Уױ˻档
ҹⶫӦúʳ˻˵ĵǴͬСģĻʱڳһҺĶҵӸڻȥһ뵽һȥҾ;һ񺮣Ҳ̫һЩһǱʳȥҾȱɽߵĳѨҪֲ
Ȼ룬Ҳʳμұؽ棬ҵӶĴεذţ޷ˮҲܸеΧҺĶڷڣҾЩƺķҺˡ
ţҸеҵĻǶƺ͵һҿԭĻǶͻȻٴο˳ҾͿⲢڿţΪһ仨ǶѾױʯͷ񱻸Դһͬͷ­һĻǶʱʧȥ֧ţںƮɢ
̧ͷֻʯͷվڻǶԱߣҿȻһѷźذף˵Ӱ
ֻôԺЩ˼ʯͷذܼլʱѾĪ˸ˣΪʲôֻصңողǻ˵û
ǻķҺѾ͸ҵƤ͸һЩȥֻһƾʯͷϰȻҾںӰһֻܶʯͷĻѾƮŵĻЩ̦һĴ֣ƮһӶǣǸϵŮҲȻƮ档
ʯͷҰúã棬ȻŮ˸ʱҵʼմڰľ״̬֮УʯͷŮʱҲŷ֣Ů˻űӣѾںôʱ䣬ƤЩ԰֮⣬ûа㸯õĺۼ
ʯͷһ˵š
ȻţôһΪʲôϾʲôЩˡ
ֻҿȴŵģΪرǵҿֵʱҿָ׶Ѿˡ
Ҳ˵ѾˣһʬףҲؿʯͷһۣʯͷϸû
ǧǱһʧһʯͷָѾˣҪʬס
˵ʯͷȥ֣ǾʱҿָͻȻָڱ䳤
ǽҲŷֲָڱ䳤ʲôָͷ˳ڿǶʱͻȻƴسʯͷʯͷ뿪ж
˵ʱʱ죬ֻʯͷ͵˺󼸲Ҳʯͷ˿ͬʱҿж۾Լ۾˳ЩǸոҿĴһĶڿǸոճ֦ѿ
ֻϵĹЩոճĴ־Ѿ鲼ӣٶʮֿ죬գ۵ʱʬģѾȻҿЩֵУһǶģĶ
Ұ⻨ǶЩѾһ棬գ֮䣬ŮʬѾһʳ˻
龰Ѿ֪ʬۻһҲʬΪϣʬҲֻдʬ
ӵǶ䱻ʯͷʳ˻ҲģֻΪʲôֻһ䣬ȴЩ⣬ҼʬۻǼһƬƬģȻʬ壬Ҳֻһ߲Ŷԡ
ʯͷʳ˻ΣȻߣӵ֪Ѿָ࣬ʯͷҷԶⶫһЩ룬Ȼ˵ⶫӦǴԨģԨӦֶȥʱҪСһЩ
ʬۻЩŮصֳģĿľΪջʯӣŮĹʳ˻ǲҲŮصĶ̬ʬۻӦͬһƷֲŶԡ


ڶʮ 
һոεʳ˻ûȥֻʯͷ˵ոǸϵŮ˵ȷкģƺ촽ڶƺҪ˵ʲô
Ҳ϶ͷûпΪҴʯͷôŮ˾˭ΪʲôΪʲôᱻʳ˻նΪʲôҲһֱţʯͷ㿴ں˵ʲôûУ
ʯͷü룬Ȼ󿪿˵Ҫȥ
ȲʯͷΪʲôͻȻ˵仰ȻŷӦ⻰ǸŮ˸ոʯͷ˵ģʵҪȥҪǲҪȥŮĹ棿
Ȼܼ򵥣ʯͷƺ˼е⣬ֻ˵ӦþֻΪʲôȥҾ˵⻰˼ΪҪػŮĹַʲôģһ˵һ˼˵ŮĹѾʲô
ǻᷢʲô
ųݣŮĹͨͨѵΪһʣŮĹѾǶ޷Ԥϵ£
ҪҵĴ𰸺ܾܿŮĹ棬˲ȥǹһ񣿵ȻΣǻҪӳ飬ʯͷô
ʯͷһ뷨˵ܶΣգǶҪȥ
ҿһǰһƬĿ֪ôģһ־Ǿǵĸоһǹ˵ϵֻѾһҲҪϽС
Һʯͷ˳ľ׺һֱϣʼգҶûʯͷΪʲôذ׵£ҾҪңͻ˵ȻԸ˵ôҲǰʡ
ֻǾãܼլʱʯͷҲ˽ȥʱ˵￴ɱǸ塣
ųǵĿϣ˳¿ȥĲһﲢһ¥һĵطһֱͨʯұΪǻվһƬյĵϣӦһƬնһʵȴǡ
Ҳ˵ǿ˳һĵطȥģǾȷһ£ҲΪǿһʮȵȥ
Ȼȥһ⣬µ֮ǰһ㣬ƣ׵ӣжϣ˵ҲкüȻ˵ֻǵסĵط
˵Ļֻ²ǻŵģֱȥˡ
ʯͷ˵ܻнȥ·ﲻɣȥǱ߿
ǻųǵĿһ⣬Ｘ涼ûп½ŵĵطľ׵ºӵĺˮ˳ȥģһϣʯͷ˵Ωһȥĵطֻˡ
Ҫǻǲܵ£ΪǶûôҲֻдȥһӣ˵ӣҲôȣӦڵһҡ
棬һҲҵֻ˭µػһﳤӣرֺ޷¡
˵ʱʯͷƺǱѵʲôͻȻתͷ˵˵һֵֶ
ʲôֶΣ˵ȥŮĹ£ʯͷȴ˵˵ֶΣЩһʱ˼άЩתԴһѾ֪ʯͷҪ˵ʲô
˵ЩԪڵʱΪ˶Ŀһѡڰ빫ĵطڵضȥڣĻͿԿʮεĵطֶζڶ۵ĵطãֻҪʱһЩ
Ҳͬ龰ôһǲ̫ôôͺֵֶһޣҲ˵ȥ·ܾܿһʮεĵط
ݹΧտûεĵط뵽ʱʯͷȴһЦҼ۾һֱͣľ׺ӵĵºϣһȻںӵ׿Ǹ
ʯͷ˵ҲǾڣҲܽΪʲôʳ˻
Һʯͷ̳ŸոյĵطϹȥصԭصʱҲŷֻһṦһںӱߵʳ˻ѾøӾ޴ȸոں￴ĻҪ޴󼸱ҺʯͷԶһЩⶫѲʱûʱϹڡ
ҺʯͷǱȥΪʳ˻Ѿ䣬ٴ뵽ʱûٳУòԾǺͨĻôںӵ׾ӦһȱڲŶԣôˮϵ䣬ӦһвŶԣȴʲôҲûУǲ˵һ·
ڻûǱӵ׵ʱҰԼǺʯͷ˵ˣʯͷ˵汻סˣ֮ʲôԭ򣬽ȥ֪ˡ
Ǳȥںӱߵʱ򻹲оļոտڱʳ˻ĴֲţҲãٴν뵽м䣬ȴе氵ҼβͱˮȥҺʯͷסң˵ںӱߵţȥ
»صӱϣʯͷǱһӾͲӰӱŢҵĽŲ棬һͷһʳ˻ǻԶҲûд˼Ҳȥģֻܾҽ²ŵĶôԾҺһʯһ
ýĴ̽Ų˲ȣҽ¹һȽϼӲĶȥܲͬ
ӱ߻ʲô棬תһ룬֮ĵ̣ôµĶӦҲȽŶԣȥ
ҵ֮УǵҸоʲô֮ȴеȫ͵һƤ͵ؾͷȫ
ΪĶжϣֱⲢʲôöҪ˵ָоҸо֮һͷ
ҵĵһͷҵĽŲһˣ˾棬Ѿ˸õӺ壬ͷֳ˳
ǾҳֵһɲǣҸо͵һҵѾһסþˣȻȥ
ƴ֣ʬ徹ȻʬˣҲϾȥ⾿һʲôʬ壬ֻǲҪ֣ҼʹȫںʬԿȻֻеŢе͵һɣҵһײںӰϣֳ֮ȴеɲʲôҿˣȻʬֱֻ۶ҳֱ۴һɸʬζȳҿԿֱֻ۶Ѿõòˡ
ֱѾˣȴεҵ󣬸ͲɿƳֱ۵ĶѴֵǣȴһĶϿڣ͵һ⣬ֱֻۣǱġ
ɻʱֻովŵĵط͵ƮʲôϸϸһȻһֱֻۣҽһͷ­ȻǶϽš
ҿ龰ףֻʬ֫ͷ­ѾϣֻΪʲôȻ֫Ѿˣֱֻ۾ȻεץҲţȴ̫ס
ҿˮһͷ­ĸõңͷƮˮһźһͬѾõ۾˵Ѿʣۿ۾ңȻҿͬѾõͻȻֿڶЦ


ڶٰʮ ʬ
˿һЩײںӴϣѾõͷ­ˮиţɷˣʱͻˮһһӺγɣˮһ߲ʬϾͱųȥˣɻûȥֻһںĶʹ¶һϸˣһںڳĹľ
Ȼʯͷľ׵һ¶˵ʲôȴ͵ؿˮƮŵĲʬȻ߲ʬʹ˽ȥʯͷľ׿ŷһȻųһֵСģǱڹľסˡ
ʯͷʾҲιȥȻЩɵȥĲʬʱҲǽʱֱӣʬһֱֱۻץҸ첲ϡ
Ҳ˦˦֣صǺɵؾͽֱֻ˦ȥžһ価ȻҲоȥ
СҲľԣסľףʯͷ˵ľ׵һͷнţˣ˵ƺһȽϿĵطʯţʯҳľףʯѾһӡ
˵ţͻȻеһȣŵľҲͻȻӵһû˿֧ŵĶʹ˽ȥѸڶ֮
·ʵ̫ͻȻһѾ˺ӵףһɾ޴Ҿӵ׵ĿȥȻҸоҵӾ˿Уˮһ󣬽žһһ̶ˮС
ٴˮǾ޴ͻȻʧֻǴôߵĵطӼײˮϣҲһۣŴˮ︡ʱѾǺ˺üˮͷЩγأǲŸմˮ︡ȴͿոǲʬͷ­ƮߣһضңҴ۶Сۣ
һæ˿һЩȻˮ̶ٴðһˣʯͷע⵽һľҲǲԶ
ʯͷι˵Сģû°ɡ
˵û£
ǲȥ߲ʬʯͷѾľԣľ߿ҼҲƣһʯ̲˵ǰߣȴһСϪƺܵͣΪľ׺ӵĵºˮԵʣˮڳȥҿóⲢСϪһȥ·
ľ׿ߣʯͷذŹ׸ķ϶һȦȻɵؾƿľס
ľ֮ǰԶһЩҿƹ׸ǵʱҲǽͷȻ˫͵ؽ׸ͬʱѾ˿˺ü
ڹ׸Ǳƿͬʱҿһɻ̴ľڳҺʯͷվڰȫĵطţ̶ֱѾƮɢľԣֻǿһۣҾ;θһڣľһʬͨ嶼ںɫĸʬˮУҲѾõòˣոǻɫԼǸʬ
иʬ
͵һͨиʬ˵ʬʬԤףҶ࿴һľʬ壬ڸõƺ˶
˳ȥ֣˵ոһ̫ȷôֵʱѾȷˣؿڵָѾںһƬʬǰס
ʱֻʯͷͻȻһֻ뵽ľ֮УҲôȻҾͿʬͷѾʯͷ
ʯͷذףĸʬ֮Уʯͷذ϶δմκεĸʬ߸ʬˮһѷذ׷ɭĺ⣬һͿԿһѵõıҲȷذ׾Ūһѣʯͷʱġ
ʯͷذȻ˵С߰ɣȥ·ˡ
һͷһʬ壬Ȼɻ󣬵Ҳ˲ô࣬߳ȥʯͷ߱ߺ˵ոյ߸ʬĹˣ㿴ûУ͸ʯӣǸһģһ
һûע⣬ʯͷ˵֪ĹǲģֻҪǲ뿪ԼȦķΧͲ£Ĺ˺Ȼų̮֮űǸģҲ˵﷢˺شıʣܾųݵʱ򣬶ⳡѾԽĹɱҲ˵ʱöԵˣոĹ˵ʬ壬ΪʱѸۻĹ˲ӾĽûѾˡ
ԭոյĲʬ䣬ͻţһ쾰ʱѸۻѵҲһ
ʯͷ˵һֱʱ֮⣬ʧˣĵطʱͬôҲ˵ӱܵʱ˲ۼϣܲסԶʱĻۣڵѭӾ磬³´лӿ죬Ѹٸãҿĸó̶ȣʱӦþͺǷʱ޼Ҳ˵ĳܿѾƻʱ䣬帯õԭ
ģһһ·ϵľٶһ·ǲûʲô飬ǻʲôܹô춯͵ʳ˻ѵΪɱһʳ˻
ʯͷ˵Ҳ˵ҾӦð˾ŲʮʱѾı˵Ļôǲ˵ʧȥԭЧ뵽ʱұԼͷһȴѾȥΪҾŮĹѾķ˾޴ıʣܿǸ޷Ԥıʡ
ҲʯͷҲѾ뵽һ㣬ֻ·ĲʮѸ٣ڸʱһȥ·ѾƵųݵʯϣ˳ͨˮҲشɽ棬ʹɽ¶ľ׺Ӻˮһɡ
̧ͷ˿ͷɽ¶Ӧһʮ׵ľ룬ƵҪĻһ취ҲûС
Һʯͷ˳һĵ·ԨȥѾӽһƬԼǵʯͷ˵жģʯͷûκη塣
ԭʯͷȴ˵һζĻѪĶ֪ոǶϱʬ¶ڹѾɻˡ
ʯͷһ˵ҰľͬʱҲþôһ£ȴ֪ԼΪʲôĹЧȥǾΪĵͼ
ʯͷΪʲôҲ£Ȼ͵뵽ʯͷֱҿĺһģһǸͼ룬ѵʯͷҲǺһġ
뵽֮к󣬹ʯͷ˵ҲֻΪǰ·ɼȺܵ͡
ʯͷעЩʧȥˣȻҾʯͷĵЩ࣬Сʻ괬ǸӾЩ
һ·ȥల£룬Լһôɽ·ߣ˴ԼСʱŵƽ̹ĵϡ
ȴĺܲͬΪ֮ҸκεĶΪǸŨĴɼһס
֪ôģʱһʧ֮صĴ˦˦ͷƸдӴ׳ȥǰ˼ֻһÿþûŨ֮УҿǿںڵɣǲˣӦþһƬɭֲ


ڶٰʮһ ˮ
ֻµļǣⲻɭж㣬ԼŮĹʲôλŨƣ۾Ѿˡ
ɭֵĻѾֹһμʶĹ֮ǰɫĲɭֻǵ֮Ĳɭ֣ɶ͸¶ŹΣյϢ龰˷ʤ
ƾҵֱԽǰԽǲѰǰһƬɭ־һƬžžüûκ
û⣬ǿʯͷʯͷ˵ָûУ
ⶫǰµأôȻǻŵģҲָ룬ˮЩǱرڵĻҵȷûţһʱҲûô࣬ΪӵĴڣЩҲɲóΪӵĴЩûп֮ء
ʯͷ⣬֪ԼҲûдţô֪ЩɲóΪʲôҪʣ
ʯͷҵıѾ֪˴𰸣㲻ٶ˵ҵǱ⼤ȤȻʵָЩ治ǻʧô˸ʲô
ʯͷȴЦ˵ǲã˵׼ˣΪҸоûӡ
ʯͷ˵ŮĹһӸĵط泹ױӵǿŴӶҲͱһĿռ䣬ô棬ӦһûһƽĵطȻ˶ӻţȴ˿ŵֻʱǷвʯͷ˵ʱҲ֪ǼȻǱӸĵطôʱϵĲӦеģ˵ԡ
ʵ˵ˣһǡı˵طһˮееĿռ䣬ȻΧˮȴˮӰ죬ʯͷҪ˵Ҳ˼ˡ
֮ǰ˭ܣȻ϶ûпȷʯͷ˵ôܾΪһЩˣΪ𲻳ĻŨʧ򣬾֮ǰʧ֮һ
Ҿ˿Ҳ޵龰˾һͷӬһĴֱײָоȷץľٶģʵΡ
ҸǲаҲ̤ɭ벽ǲģвͻݽصľء
ҺʯͷڴϢţȻĲɭ֣ӿüĲ˵˵Ҳ˺ϱϸʯͷ˵˴ִһҲͼʱܳɣڲ˵ʵѾ˳ǧʱ䣬ָ㣬ŮĴڵȷڽ꣬ôЩӦþŮʱһµˡ
Ĺ᷽ʽ뵽˰ɫѪĹܴͺĹغһǴҲǵõŮĹĸ֣ĩʯĺۣǰޱ׷ôȻ᲻ϧһд۵õԳķ
ʱҿʬʱǧ꣬ȴ˿ãҲ˵ҲҲһֲķ֮һȻѾΪʲôҪʬĲ˹˶ʬһ֮⣬ֻһԭںԼϣܻѹһ죬ѹǾͱҪʬĲֻˣǳ׵ѡ
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ΪϿȵĵ֮Ĺ֮⣬ҲһƬɭ֣ʬҲǧξȻǾ˵ơ
ѵ˵ɭʲôɣͬʱһ뵽ڲ¿ķʬ壬Բȵʮ꣬ǵ¿ʱɻţȻӱõȷɲһЩȷҲĳϵĳֻεĻ㳤Ҳ޶壬ôǲ˵ǺҲãҲգǲõѾķӣòĳֹЧﵽǳĿģ
ûн뵽ŮĹ棬Ѿأô࣬ô˵ЩֻĿǰĲ²ѣǲǣҲֻڿŮĹĸ֮¶ˡ
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˵ʱʯͷȴһֱŰããĲɭ֣ƺ뵽ʲôȻ˵Ů洣ʲôҪ˶ķˮ
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һĵҲֻҵһɽķˮԴͷһĹᱦأȫԭɽŮĹеķˮ󴨣һѾ̲˶ٷˮ˵ɽͳɽˮأԣŮ˾޴ֱʣ벢ΪԼĹ
ʯͷ˵ＫطôЩˮֻǸŮһ˵ʬõĻѾһɷ֮ô򵥵ˡ


ڶٰʮ ʧ
ĻѾһĽĴˣŮ洹ҲѾɳëˣﲻһĵط죬һֳలµĸоôҲ˵Щˮõ˸õĵطһ㶼ûӯļ
ڱϿĹʣ뵽һ
Ωһһͨŵľ׵Ľʯͷ˵ʲôʱڵģж೤ڵ¶û֪ͲųԨͨĿԣȻŮĹͨôһͨһᴩŮĹͨôͿԽΪʲôľ׻ֳˮʢһЩӯļ󣬾Ϊзˮ˳ȥЩֻãֶζѡ
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ųǾйȥķˮĺڣԣĹҲࡣ
뵽ûһѾܹ뵽Ϊʲôͭ㲻飬ⶫһͻĶֲڳֻᱻһüķʽ
ȻЩֻĿǰ뵽ģһһЩʲôʱ벻ΪŮĹڵ壬ƺѾԽԽ򵥣棬ѾԽһĹķ롣
ΣЩˮۼӦǧ˿ƵϵģͻȻŮһ̴֣ԽʱͿռ䣬ɶһöӶѡ
Ϊҵļûлָ⻹㵽Ҳǲܽ漰ⶼǽȥԸոҵƲҲֻеһ֣ǲģҾʯͷѾ뵽˸һ㣬ΪҿһֱüͷŨһԲ
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ã˲䱻һ˲ķâȡһ̣ƺѾܵʯͷױȵɱϢƽʱʯͷͬ
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Ũӽ뵽ʱҾѾŵˣһЩѪζһ˿ŲǶڵߵ˵ѾǺŨҵζˡ
ʯͷϸˣȻڱţҿüͷζŨңοŹζ֮ҿͳذףȻذ׺ݺݵز棬ƶذף滮һԲŽذһˣذ״һ
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ʯͷһһָһɰò𾪣ﻹĹأֻһƬɭ֣
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Ҫһǲûйߣʯͷ˵ǰĲֳɵĹߣɹһΣǵҿʱѾ֪Ҫʲôˡ
Һܿ죬ʧ˲棬ŨأҸͿֻ洫ҡεĸOO@@ȷʯͷ濳֦
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Ǽʯͷһ侯棬Ҳ˿ûȥνңĻסؾ˺Щȥ
һ·ȻûٿʯͷµּҲûټָӡǴϿȥ深ï֦Ҷһ߹ӣȻʯͷǴһֱȥ֪ʲôȻһкҲ


ڶٰʮ ׷
ǸӲԥȥֻھЩ֦ҶʱͻȻŵһɺŨĸʬζմ˸ʬˮһ
ǵҿЩҶʱɸɾʲôҲûУٴսЩ֦ҶһţǿҵĸʬζǴҶɢġ
סζȥԼҲ֪˶ߣȻҲ͵طӦⲻжߣԽϣôԽһͭĸо
ʱͻȻͷһҵ֦ζƺʲôۼֿѸ֦һߣƫӹȥһɲǣֻһѾҴһ֦ҶĻζѸȥ
ҿˣһˣΪʯͷǶ࿴һ۲ȷǣķκʯͷܲͬ쳣࣬ʯͷûôģ̧һͷ澿ʲô£˭
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ҸоѾϵʱûһˣûȴһֵ󣬾ڲĹڶҲɵľͷҿһںĿ
պһ˴СȻûмˣôӦþȥˣڣ濴˿ļȥ
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ұű˳ȥⶴڸպݵһȥԽԽһƬѾһڣһƬ׵ڡ
Ҹоڵ˵ףʱ;룬ЩϲϣҲ˵ڵ׵ĵطӦڵµһЩطˡ
ȻҲһƬڣûκιԴҲûһȻʲôҲֻƾֱߣǲûͰһˤ
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ҼʯͷһҲС̽ſЩʬ壬ǰһߡ
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ںڰоһָ·ǳȻ޷Χȴһǰķ룬֪ﲻֻиʬǰ滹·ġ
ǳΪҸĵȷ̫ԶԵʣ߽ˣŷһյƣ̵ĻڵţΧĹ⾰ֻһصĸʬǵϣǽϣͷϣǣ
Щʬڵϣ񣬻ǶǽϺͱڶϣָ֮һĸһһĹһֻͨĹίʵֲ̫һЩΪ˷ָʬĸɺԵ۾ڶǰ
ͨﲻʱһЩĸΧҳȷͨǲĸΧƳģЩʬǹڸϣǲϡ
һ·ûʯͷİټΪѾȥʯͷʱͨ濴һ߻ʬ
׼ȷ˵ӦһˣѾˣúܿ࣬ߣཡ׳ЩŷҰˣҿӣ͸ոڲϿȥǾʬ弫ƣӦһģǵҲ²Ӧʯͷɵġ
һʬ̫죬Ҳûп򣬶˾ͲͬҿؿĲһϸ˿ڣȻһ˻˺ѪأѪ״̬˻ûȥãҲ˵ӦøձʯͷɱãʯͷҲѾҾǰ治ǺԶ
Ϊ˵ѪζҿͨƺǲƶҹϾͻɲϣҲයѸǰȥ׷ʯͷ
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ȥַһյڵϵĳƣɫҺһأ֪һƣͲٵȼİˣֻҲû֪ˡ
ҼгƱ򷭣ǽݵĵطڸʬҲкԵıĺۼһȷʯͷһʲôˣȻһ·Ϸ˴򶷣ʯͷɱǰˣ׷ʣµ﷢˴򶷡
Ӵ򶷵ĺۼӦúʯͷƾУΪֻҪʯͷһЩͻ֮ǰһ³ʯͷǿӦѾʯͷʬˡ
ˣһˣͻȻ͵һ㱣ôܼլĵĹƣֻǵʱ쳣ߴ࣬ͷǸ֮ҪС࣬ʯͷһֱ׷ϵģѵˣ
˵ĻôʯͷƾеӦþǸӲʱܼլҲܸе֮ȴû뵽Īس֮󣬾Ѿ
ôǼȻһ·ģôӦǡŶԣҲǹϡ
ȻѾһ뵽ôϵǸӡӦҲǵµģǸָӡĸɺԳ̶ȣӦѾһȽˡ
˵ѭűǸģ˵ĻӦҲ粻Ƕʱ򣬿ôģ·ֻһǣҿɲΪһֱǰȴ˿
ЩԼͷҲ벻һҲֻҲ֪ˣҹϣܿҲ÷ǽҲ˵һ


ڶٰʮ 
֮·ҾûʯͷӵİټҸоѾһСʱûٿκεĲѰһǲѾƫ˵··߽ġ
֮Ҿߵͨľͷǰһ϶ȥĶڣӣȻγɵģһ
û·ߣҲ²ͨҲѾһ·ԡҲԥشȥ˲һǰһƬŷѾ˲ɭ
ֻѾû֮ǰŨ̧ͷϿӰգоǰããһƬҲ˵ͷϻŨƵġ
Ƭɭ־޴һ۸ͷҴѾʧȥʯͷǵټΪôһƬӣҸȷʲôطȥˡ
ﻹ·ģȻѾӲݣ뻹һ·ӣȻ·ô߳ӵİ취ЩԥΪ·ӣûб߹ĺۼҲ˵ʯͷǲߵ·
ʱֻԡ顱һ죬ȻһˣһͷȥȴһСʯӣҺȻǴϵģҿʱڹ
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ƺҪҲȥЩϸʲôҼ˿ȴʯңʯͷ̫ӣôһԭϲɲ˲ףͻȻոҪ߽ȥĲݴڶһһۣϵʯͷкҿЩҲԥǿȥʯͷˣʯͷһƣʾҾɺ棬ҳʲôָŵҪҿ
ҿȥʱ͵սոҺԥһ£ҪӲݴȥˣľ뻢ڣΪҿ·״ĲݴﾹȻһ˴ϸһ
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˵ʯͷѾ֦ȥҲȥڵʱԶԶؾͿһ˱Ű֦ϣҼˣȷǺʯͷǸӣǲʯͷʯͷˣԭʯͷɱֲͨһƾеĸоʯͷһʹɱ֣ͷˡ
˶ţҿ۾ҺʯͷѾʯͷ·סˣֻؿǣҿúܽӼѾǶ棬Կóʯͷ˴
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ȻҲ²ǰ㣬ʱʯͷѾصҾڰпң˵ΪʲôѶʧذס
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֪ҵֲϡ棬ȻްǶ֪ôȻҲ᲻֪ɫ䣬Ҫ˵ʲô
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˵֪
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ȻҲ֪˵ǼҪ飬֪ǡ֮ҶûаøУ֮лһЩζҲ˿
һ㲻⣬ֻң֪Լ˭ʯةӡ˭𣿡
˵Ȼ֪֪ԼҪʲô֪ԼΪʲôţʯͷ˭Ȼ˵
ֻǵһѾƺҪζ˵顣
ȴٴЦЦúСҲ¾Ķֻ˵֪ԼΪʲôţȷʯةӡ˭Ȼ㣬Ϊʲô֪Լ˾õʱȴֲֻ𣬷ڣʹûɹ
ҾҺһֱ˵⣬һңһʯͷҪһһ˵˵ǵģ֪ԼҪʲôΪΪʲôţ
ұܿʯͷĻⲻᣬҲ⼯ϣ˵Ȼ˵֪ԼΪʲôţôΪʲôţҾã㲢֪ڣ㶼֪Ϊʲôʯӡ
˵Ϊʲôʯӣ
˵֪ʲô𣿡
ʵصȥֻǴطӵĽͶֻʯͷ˼Ҷ˵нͶҵʱͺɻ󣬼ȻӾָʯͷΪʲôҪһʯ֣ⲻ˼ظֱµӵĵݣԭٲһЩӵϵģȴ￴һڡʯӡʵĽͣȴףһ㺬塣


ڶٰʮ 
ļΣҲ֪ڵҵҪϢ˵ˡ
֪ڡʯӡֵľȴû˵ҿűŵ˵һ治֪һң顣
ʱҲûʲôı飬ֻ˵Ĵˣ֪ҲȻġ
ӵĻ˵Ĵ˾֪ˣҲԼ֪ˣ飬ôǸû˻ʯͷ֪Ҳͬ˵ҲЩεһ֪
ȻӾͲ˵ˣһؿңƺϿʲôұëˣǲͷ˵Ҫͬ˵ĵʲô
أһЦ˵ʯʲô˼ѾҲٶ˵ڵ￴ĶҲǶµ֪Ӧһģֻ˵ĺ𣿡
ĶҲûнߣǲ˵ǹҵģⶫڵҲǵⰲţΪʱҪ֪һЩҪ࣬ҸоЩȴҵİţ෴ҷ˱˵֮С
ȴ˵Ҫͬ˵ĲЩΪиҪұҪ׿ں˵
Ѿô֪ͬѾ˵˹ؼ֮ʵʲô£
˵ٶ仰Ӧûؼǵã
Щ죬Уξľô֪ģ
ȴ˵֪Уξڲ֮ܲǰѾڣʱȴУξз롣
룡Ѿ𾪣УξԴȻǷ룡
˵Ӧ֪ܲٵԸԶɣοȻǲκ֪ټҪĴڣôɽ׵ǰצ䵱ĶýͭұοǶסɽǰצȻý߹סٲ͸ƵʽʵЩǷģʽʽȷ޼ɣԺйڲϱаõĸʽֻĻѾҲһ֮֡ǰͨУξַַܲУξһְλڵһ˵Уξ˵ǲܲȴⲻ֪νУξԭͶеöѾڵѾ֮ǰʹڵķ롣
Щµȷδ˺˵һ֧УξĺܲͬҲû˵ͬںδôһ˵ҲŻȻԭ䲻ͬǲͬر
ôʩ˵ģǴԷַĳƺţԴڴʱôöҲӦʱˣΪ뵽ǣնɱȡĶȻƳʯͷذס
ҵ˵ȴҡҡͷһ䣺һĿŶΪʲôֻţôȥ
ʵһĿŶʯͷһţôȥ
˵նɱʱѾֻŶӴޱȣرҺ綾ޱȣǱҺĵطʯڻ˵ˣΧҲǵвģôסɱ
˵ҲʹȻɥڴС
˵˵ĲȷʹȻȴֻǴռʱѡܺĴ˵񻰴ɱ£һӦ뵽ˣ˵˵ǹϵĳӣоݿѭģΪ޷˵Ǿͷ߹֣Ϊգ󱻴նɱʵʵֻǹϻһͨͬΪ̬ûн࣬ǹࡣ
˵ƺѾһЩ֮˵ȥȴʱ˵죬ڸʱƵģֻ˵һĿŶչϵ˵ĿŶǷھ綾ҺĵطŶڵҺ࣬ĿŶʮ֮˾ŵҺǴŶѹڳģŶҲؼĵطܹɱΪŶѾʧҺ޷ڣԲűβӶնɱ
ʵôΪ綾Ķȥ
ӻش˵еʯةӡϵذףնɱֻõʣµͬһĶȴܺȣݣһűǶ˾Ŷ֮һĵضϣһĹС
Ѿ֪ӻдһ˵˵ʱǾޱȣȴδʹ˴סǼ˵ʯةӡϵǹԴϰγģþɵַһĥ˷ذףýͭұһҲַͬƳеöͳ˹ֻҪ˭ⶫǹϵ졣
벻˵ô࣬صҪ˵ȴҾȣ˵Ů壬ΪӱŮ׷ɱµĹϷֳӣһǰ뽨ľģһǻŮļΪһڻǰ뽨ľ˾ĵһ֧ذףһ뿪Ůһֱ׷ϵ뽨ľģȻһ֧˼ģҲŮ御Уµ֧飬ȴ֮Ͳ֪٣Ӵ˾ʹʷƾʧˡ
벻ʯͷذ׻һֻǾúܲ˼飬ô˵ĻҺʯͷ񲻶ǹϺˣ
˵˵ذ׵һ֧ȴûȫû֮˽ҵ룬ҲΪʲôܼذ׳֣һ֧ĺᡣö֪Ϊ䵽˴˾Ŷַ£ͬʱַ˷һְͳ˷
йϵ۸ӣҾʱ֮ãз飬ǶѾ޴̽ɻһʱҲ޷õ𰸣Ϊܶ𰸣Ѿûʷ֮С
Ӽ˵ԣϵǹ֧ƾ֤֧һһţذΪϵ¶һ֧ȥɱȵȣΪأǻϲ¶棬ֻһεϵһ֧һ֧龿ںδЩʲôˣһաԴӴַʱֹö֮ûİټ붼û¶棬Ƕֻڴ˵֮СԺܶʱڻɣٶڰаһ֧ϣھǲǣҲֻд͵ʱķ֪ˡ


ڶٰʮ һ
뵽ô˵ĻҲǹϣ
ҡҡͷ˵ϸ˵ҲǣϲûйϵѪ
ѪϵͼǹϵѪ
ôʲô͹ʲôϵ
ƺ֪˵ǡ
ֻһľ룬ɾѾõؼһʱͻȻƺһոջ˵ŻͱһƬ
ֻĶͷѾһѪһǹ
ɷͻȻһûӦѾһغѸٻͷһƬȻ֪˿ǹɱӣȴ֪ֵǹȻװ
ʯͷһʯͷˣ
ʯͷûлӦҾͿӰӶͷһǹѪʱҲһȻʵ˭ɱģ
ʯͷҵ˼˵ţȥȥͻأ
˵ʯͷѾһˣȻһֻһɵؾԾһòϣһͷһʬ壬ֻճѪҺѪѪǸ󺺵龰ǰһãѸǰȥϵӡ
ʯͷĺܽҸⲻʱҸ˲࣬ͳӻȻһģʬȥ
ֻ֪費һ̣ʬͻߣһǾһ˵顣
Ϊ˱ҳڶ߹ȥЩ֦ï֦֮໥ҺɵؾһϣȻһελýԼغãӵʬ塣
治Ƭ̵ĹҾͿн߷ӵҲǽߣʬӣȵȣ֮ѪʮеЩˣҶƴʬ塣
ûȥЩҵ˼϶ӸոյĻУԭΪĴеһԱڲŷ֣ҾȻѾ˹ϵ֮һµĲĻҺʯͷֱ֧죬壬ǽλôҵˡ
˵ĻƺͿԽΪʲôҼκˣȴʯͷʯͷΪʲôԱ˶ľĮ࿴ԭҺ
ҲͬܽͣΪʲôҺֶͬһͼǱͬһѪͬˡ
ոʲôˣΪʲôӼ˵ݵʱɱӣѵϺ͡һһʼҾˣĴ͹֮һ
ЩͷӰ˵ӿҵԴֻо̫ѨһʹУҸӷѽǣȻҲǹϵˣôΪʲôҪܼլ°ңʯͷذףǲǾͱʾڶλɺֲԣԼҲ˵ǹϵˣУʯͷΪЩֻܺ˵ûԭ
Щ߰ؾһһңһȻţҲµƳ֣Ҳ֪ؼҵѾ˿࣬ʱҲĴ΢ϵԭǶңΣȴִŷΪǹϵˣǿǱŮˡ
ʼգΪʲôŮ壬ȴδκ˳йΪĲ²⣬Ǿǲǣдǡ
ٿµʱӵʬѾ֪٣ֱһļžҿһȦΧ֣Ѱٲʯͷټ
ʱӣЩȲסڴҪòǷҲһȻҲУҵ濴ȥʱȴ澹Ȼһʬ塣
ȻӦһ߸ʬǻʬĻʬЩ类ˣһ˻ʬƺ˩ϣ
ӸϣҾܹ뵽ľһˣҸ֪Щ˵ݡ
ȻôԼȥ˳ȥ֮ǰǸ࣬СʬϵʱҾÿʬ壬ӺһߵʱעȥӣòȴҵϣȻǸʬ
СĿռҼԸеƤеԣһ˸죬Ӳ˼ǣȻк
ҴԶ·һӣȻѾ׹ʲô£˵ʵ棬һЩģҲʱͻȻ۾һ˫۾ҡ
ҵĸоһǿסֳ嶯ĻʬҲ࣬ȴûһģ׳ŵ˭ô
ֻǿңȻ˵ʶ㣡
ҲȻ˵һ仰˵ҿ·ȴ಼ӣʱĴ磡
Ҳ˵ʱˣô˵ʶңҲͲң۶ү˵Ǹһ㳤ۣҲ˵ʶ
Ҽӣ˵㾹Ȼһ㶼û䣡
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ҵ⣬ȴЦһȻ˵ұ⸱ģǰͣȴΪʲôһᱻģϷ
Ҳ뵽ΪҵԵʲô˵ĻǸġѾǺһôڵġġѾʧ˾Ωһ
ᵽʱҲע⵽ϵӸ·֮£Ȼ״ͷƣֻȷҪ࣬һ˲û
ֻҸоõ岢ܶ͡ġ֮ҲһۼҵʱѾɱ
Ǵ۾Ҹκɱֻ۾ʼղҵϣȻ˵Ȼһģһ㲻ǷģҴ۾￴塣
˾ȻϬҵȷǷģֻǲ˵ǸġҲ֪ҵĹϵκͣѾ˵㣬ѾȷѾˣ
Ҿ֪Ŀܸ࣬˵ʲô
ƽ˵ѾˣҲ￴㣬˵ԭΪƭҵĻѻȴû뵽ġ
ƺѾʲôǱڵ̨ʣ֪Һ͡ġĹϵҼæʵ˵ʲô
ȴҡͷҲܸ㣬ȻˣҴӦ²κ˵ֻ֪
ǳĬЩ˵ҲͬһˣʵҲΥԼ


ڶٰʮ ⧲
˵곯˵㿿Щ˵
Ϊ棬ӣҶһ˲䣬ԭΪܶסҵĲӣþˣʹţȴ޷֮
Ҳ߶ʮһͳش̹ȥҵĲӱסѾֻܺĿĵش壬Ǿȴ˿֣Ҳ֪ҵʲôطͻȻʹһҵ˫ɿһɿͳ䣬ڸոձʷʱѾʧȥ֧ţڸһʸĶҲûУٶ֮죬һûӦʱѾصˤ˵ϡ
ҺûˤˣҴ֮ǵҵʱ򣬲ŷԭΪҸоɵץһشصͷһ
ո֮еңͻȻһ˱ëȻվȥӻûֱ͸е¾һȥҾһȴѸٱͷڸǣֻеԼȫͷ֮У¶ǽزţϾͱϽ档
عʱѾһǿҵϢ֮УҲʱҲУҺҵͷţ˵Ҳ֣ȷⶫĿǣֻеոջҵͷֻͻȻɿѣһǽЩͷʵһ㲻ʣƣЩͷϴŴ
ʱҲŸеҵʲôһľһĶǺܴ󣬾ͷ档
ԺеĵһͷǡװͷľУǻͷͷ
龰۶ү˵ѪĹӪ龰ľͷŹͷ
ɿľе֣뿪ȴһOO@@ٴδһĶҵֱϻ
ﻹУ룬Ȼվʱ˶˵ˮ棬
ˮҲʶҵϺȷʵһЩ΢΢ʪ࣬룬ﲻֶϳɡ
ƺ汻Ҳ¶ˣȷֶϳڰҿΣҼѾܲµһȫصͷ
ЩͷһѾĵ棬ոƾǾЩһ뵽ڼǵصͷ֮УҾ;һ㤣⻹˵ͷ
Ǿϵһʱҵڰȫ֮Уҽʱ䣬ȻסҪȥǾҴȥʱȴ͵ؿͷĹ˲ƺһģǰͻıҴֲȷĸʬΪѾŵ˽޷ĸζ
ˣ׻̫űˣ˸ո˵İ㣬Ѿ֪ΣѾƺҪǸӣҲЩͷͷ­йأȻ͡ġƸֱӵĹϵ
ֹͷپҵĿ־Ҳֻʱѹĵף׳ŵһƽǰķɣֻˡһ죬ײϣҸȥô£Ȳ˵ƴ
ļ죬Ѿ˵Ӱͷ͵͵شţҸǣҿʺѪ˳ǴѪҺȴѾյˡ
ҰԼոյçײεؿЦһɵľѪζֻͻһΣյ޷ĵطҿӣƸո̵ֻ֮ȫѪ
ҹܲЩļȥھߵʱصؿһۣͷشѾȥһ㣬ǾҴתͷ뿪ʱȴͻȻ̧ͷڿӵһ˲ʵһҿһڸõ
ֻңȴûκεҿ˿֣ҲǺشߣأԵػεšӸõ۾Ѿڸãҿʲôڿңֻú˵Щʱ޿̲˼ţٴμ㾿ҪνɱǸոտ棬ȴûа⣬Ϊȥˣ̫ˣһǧһҲ޷ұģҲ޷ͷ֮ޣģ㽫ҵһӲһףôڿʱǻȻҪҸһЩҪΪͲһˣ㣬
ҿŤõѾ˼ֻ㶵˵ͻȻãҲһˡ
˵ôԸҽ¸㣬ұ벻ܳ⣬Ҫ´ײģȴı⣬Ϊ뿴ҲһһĿΪ棬Ҳ˵ûκ˿Ի߽ȥ߳Ҳ磬Ҽ棬ҾǱʹǧ򱶵
˵ȴûһ˿һŭ⣬෴ҷͬһֵز˲Ż˵񶾶ĻǱġƵ·ߣô˴뷨ľ
Ǹǻڻ˵׼
˵꣬ԹԵطشЦȻøΪ񶾵Ļ˵ΪͿҵŮĹǳ룬ֻһڣŮĹ޲ֻһ壬İֻѾ̤˵Ѿ鲻ˣģڵӣҵſʹǧ򱶵Ĳģ
㻰ҶʱëȻؿȴΪ˶񶾵䣬Ϊ˵ʵ࣬ֻһڣһһµ壡
˵޼ɵشЦЦȴԽԽҵĿΪѾ׸ãһſŵش䣬ɤҲѾڸãѾȫ޷ˡ
ģٲȥѸٵȻͷҲص֮ж·ȥҶûлͷһۺ
ǵѾ뿪һòϣŻͷȥ龰ǿ龰ȴëȻΪҿͷڽòҾһ˷
ԭĲͱһںڵͷŴŮķһֲ


ڶٰʮ 
龰ٲҵһһѸһò߹ȥĵͬʱҲΪʯͷ֪ûвȥĻôǸ⣡
ұڲϷٵţ߻ͷı仯ͷٶȲǺܿ죬ʱǰȫģҲ·ǳ绹ǻᱻϣ˵Ǿ䡪ҵĽѾֻ̤˵֮УѾ鲻ˣԲΣԼǾԲǰǰ벽ˣ
ﲻ֪ôģԽԽżȥô죿
ҲȴԼĿ
Ҳ֪ԼѾ߹˶ٲҲ֪ԼѾ˶֮һ·Ǽžģûκ쳣ȻҲûмʯͷİټ
ңڼ¡¡һ죬Ǵӵ´ŭҵĸһţȻһ˿һ˿ĵ׵Ŀ־塣
͸һ¡¡Դֻ֮ǰһƬƣ֮£ԼԿһƬɫȺΪŨڱεĹϵֻܿ⣬ˣҲѾǺôһƬ¡¡ԴǴӲµٲϴģվ±ϣ¾Ǿ޴޷ٲҲ˵ǰѾû·ˡ
龰ʱҵĵʱˣΪһٲȻΧһԲΣмһƬȺΧĲ¿ȥµĵҲѾŨڱΣѾ˿Ǽ㿴壬һǿԲ²⵽龰ֻѾһƬȷе˵ӦһƬ׵ĵºΪû㹻ĺˮ޷ǰ׳ٲĳֵġ
֪Ѿߵһ·ϣǰңѾû·һΧȴʯͷӰҰٰ²⣬ʼղ⣬ȥ
ͼ⿴ƾĵطҳһ·ǵҲŷ֣ĲѾû֮ǰǰֻܿЦһƺõ壬֮ǰֻÿһ涼һ壬͵ȥĶء
ʱѾͬˮһӿĺɫ˳Щͷһһûͷ֪ӲˣһᣬҲոǰһת˼ٲ֮С
ڿеʱҸоԼͻȻˣţ࣬һһҵԺ֣ʧֱˮУһƬڰ֮С
ҾѾˣΪʱҴһƬڰ֮У߰ûһ
ҵ΢΢˶ҷԼ徹Ȼ֪ܸеԼˮУˮܺö
ֱˮҲʶոǾԵļžΪԼʱʧϡ
ҴˮˮҾȵط֣ҵӾȻˣʵ̫ڰˣ޷оκζҸ֪⾿ʲôط
һڲʱҼ龰ҴٲȻûôʱӦþһƬɫȺˡ
˺ڰǺڰ
ãȻˮţˮֻСȵλã棬ˮ֮⣬
Ҳ֪Լ֪ԼѾߵ
ھԵĺڰУûзûָûĿĵأҾΨһںڰбƺʱҲɲǼ䵴Ȼ޴棬Ҿãһĺͯûޱ޾ĺڰ֮С
֪ƣţʼնˮʼնҲ֪Լ˶೤ʱ䣬һ죬죿
һڣһ£
ҵѾûʱĸҲҲûʱ䡣
Ҵϣ𽥱ʧٱɾһʬһߣ
ڰеĹͻȻʱұܵסԼ۾ںڰ֮У۾Ѿ޷Ӧƽʱ΢Ĺ⣬ҵ۾б̵÷ʹĸо
ס۾⿴һΧҵǰһȾ޴ʯţܼլĹһģһֻʯŸӾ޴һЩѡ
ǴʯϷģӦǹһյƣֻһ鷢ʯʲôҿ壬ҲȥΪҵ۾޷˵Ĺ
ʯŵʱѾȥϣٴҲֻô򵥡
ߵʯǰһƿʯš
ʯȻأþȫֻƿһС죬ǰͬϵ˵һС죬ҲѾֻͨǲŽ뵽棬ҾͱΪǿҵĹâ棬ͻǿҸ޷ֱӣǱܵرۡ
ҽ۾һ죬Ȼôֱϣϵ˲֪ٴΣϰЩ۾ǰľ
ҿһľһɽһľ޴ˮʯ״ʮֹˮʯȷе˵Ⲣˮʯʲôϣȴֻ֪֪Ҽε͸ʯ顣͸ʯԱߣǾŸӴ޷ӣŸִӽм͸ʯΧס̧ͷΰ񼣣һʱĿࡣ
һ˲䣬ӳֻ֡ˣ
Ҳڿ龰Ҳ֪Ů洲Ĵ˵ҲãŮ˵Ҳգſڿӣݵģݣǰ͸ʯ顣
޴͸ʯŵģˣ鵫뻮һˡ
Ƕԭأ񱻱һһ˲䣬ƺˡʲôǡˡ
Ҹǣ͸ʯ￴ҵӰӣӰӣȻ޴͸ʯ۳ΣʼӰӣɺһģһĴڡ
Ҿֵסͣȴؿңܿ˫ȷǻŵģ
ŵˣһ˲䣬Ҳ⵽˵ǵ񲢲ǿնģǶǻģֻǱסж͸ʯ֮С
𿴵ĲǸͬ͸ʯŮˣѹ۾ңԭҲǡһԱ
ֲȻǶܶôʵпġܳģѲҲǴ޴͸ʯﱻ족ģ
ŮյľʲôĲ˼£
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˳ʱȴͻȻеˣתͷֻʯͷһվһȻ֪ؼ
ҿڣʯͷ
һû˵꣬Ҳŷһֻʼ̧ţҾҵĲԶҷֵʱֻ͵طҸеһʹǰһڣʧȥ֪
ʧȥ֪֮ǰֻñ˵Сģ֪Ѿ̫ˣ


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ڶٰʮ ƻ
£һϾͲǵˣ֮ҴӻѹʱѾصܼ֮䣬ʯűʯͷΣ֮ҲûмʯͷҲ˵ʯͷѾˡ
֪ʶʯͷĻԺһػţĮκθ飬ɱ⡪СģѾ֪̫ˣ
ҲȥΪҲʯͷҵĵˣҲԸš
ҵģң仰˵ϣĵһƻҲΨһһˣЦź˵СĶүǲǵһμˡ
ȻЦ⣬۾ȴҲޣ棬ǽǡ
ҵȻǵܼլ֮һѡ
ֻôģ
ҿƻɫСĽһһΧӦƻķ䣬ֻĲòܼլ㸴ţ෴ִϢ
ƻ̽ʣСĶүܼʲôȻ֮˵мûѹ
ҡҡͷ˵ҲǵˣҼǵľ׵ġһʯű󣬿ٴˡ
˵Ǹطʱԥһ£Ҳ׼ȷĴһƬȺҿľ޴͸ʯ顣
ҿƻһЩʧɫȻ˵СĶүԼҲ벻Ǿ͸֪ˣǼʱҴſڣѾʡˡ
ĬȻԭҵģʱһ֪˭Ҵľ״ģҾûʯͷֲҿ϶ңΪʲôҪҷſڣ
ΪǹϵˣŮĺᣬ˵ӦˣϢӦѾ֪ҹڹϵݡôΪʲôҪң˵ڷºҪң
ҳĬţƻƲ֣ʵСĶүҿԻƺô˵ʵƺҵȷߡ
Ĳ˵⣬ҲӵʲСĶүˣƺܼҸģܼѾˣҲûʲôˡ
ƻ˵һͣҾͺСİɣ⺰˳֪СĶүĳƺΪܼҵԵʲźģܼҲֻ˸ͷѣΪǲɰˡ
͵̧ͷʵܼҵԵʣôģ
ƻǶ˿Ҳ˵׾˵ʲôģСɱ⣬֪ҼһˣС㳤һģ˵Ķү
Ķү૵ظţһǺҳһģҳһģĵȷ̫ˣˣġԼҲֲƻ˵˭
ʲôʱģ
ƻ˵ʱʱɻûС֡
ƻͲ£ʱ򣬹ʱӦǰʮĩʮӣʱ˵˺һģĶүôùֵֹġ
ƻ벻ͨľǲ˵Сĸ磬ʱʮꡣ
̻˼ǲ˼Ŀ⿴ƻȥʮͷӣȴ˵ʮʱѾˡ
۶ү˵ʮǸһ㳤뿪Ӫأƻ˵ʮ꿴Ķүʬ壬ǿˣͬһˣ
Ҳ˵Ķү뿪Ӫ֮󲻾ãˡ
ʱ򼸺˲ȥƻȵЩ⣬ֻʵ￴ģ
ƻ˵լʱԺΧһȺˣʱһСȻҽ͵͵ȥģֻһۣסĳ࣬Ҽǵãʱƺû˵ʲô
ûظ仰Ҿ˳ңƺɺϣүҵģԭҲҽҷڳ¼չ˵ģҵĹϵƺҲ˵塣
ƻ˵֪ʲô
һ˵֪
˵Ϊʲôڳ¼ҵ£СѾˣ㱻ڳ¼ңҵ⡣
ƻ˵ÿһ仰ҾޱȾ죬ô˵ǳүеǸҵˡ
ͷĬϣȻ˵Ҵʮ꿪ʼŸ״񣬶ʮһʱʽִңһֱڡ
ڿҲֻǶʮһӡ
ƻͷ˵ľҲҲ֪һЩպȻϸ˵˵ǣĶүʬ岻֪٣ƺûнᡣ
ʣûȥ˶Ѿˣ
ҿȻʣȴڷֹ
ƻ˵ʱôСȻȥ˼ôµ⣬Щǳ֮εģǱϾѾȥôˣʹһЩĳǶ¾ڲᣬԽҾΡ
Ķү˳˼·ʡ
ƻͷ˵ȷĶүһŰֽһ޼ѰʱѾҵĵңѾҷռϢĵطԼûв鵽Ķүȴ淢һܡ
ʣʲôܣ
ƻش˵
Ȼ֪ˡεǶܻߣԼǾĴڻǺܲ⣬ƻ˵ܣ˶
ƻ˵˵һ֣ҺһŮ塣
֪ȻνģôӦŮĽֻƵǣΪŮ֪Ĵ¾Ȼ˿֪ʲô
˵ƻһת˵ԣһο㣬ҾѾ֪ǹϺᣬĴ壬ϣֻҶǹһ齨ģûз֡ܣҲҲΪϾŮͽǺԽԽ౻֣ҷ֣ʵȴһ¡
벻ƻ뷨ʱ򣬲֪뷨᲻Ҳ͹һһͽţƻ˵Ҵϸӿ϶ԼĲ²⣬ŮʧˣԹϲŻᷴѡ뽨ľģֻ¾ڵԴΪʲô뽨ľ˾Ĳűٵĵڶ꣬Ů˴ˮеĹֻ±ĻҪ
ƻԵ֪ǹϵĺᣬ㲻ûнɱǽұ
ƻȴҡҡͷ˵ʵĵͼ˭Ҳ֪ݣҲֻǽҶѣǶıôǰɣֻǵʱģʵҸеΪҲ֪
ƻҲ֪ǻ˭֪ү˵ƻ֪ƻȴҲ֪ô﷢ҵģ
ƻ˵㣬Ϊһˣ֪ԼݣҲ֪ңҲֻŻ֪Ƕ֪¡
ʣ˭
ƻ˵壡


ڶپʮ 
ƻǵһˣ֪Щʲôû֪ϴμһľӿʼƺͽų˼ţٷģľ̫ԼĴȵȡ
ҼȥľףϿҲ㼣ʧ֮Ҳļ¼еĻУƺܺŮϹϵĵطҲϹϵƻô˵ҲžãʱҲǸȥˡ
ο̫үҲ׿˵ʱ򣬾ȥҼæҿƾ̫үԣȻѾû̫үİѶϢ
£ƻ㲻˵Ѿ˵࣬Ȼ˵һָˣԴҵլĴתתҾתתʵ޵˼ҲҲ˵ҲʣͷлȻͳȥˡ
ʣһˣ커壬˼Ÿոƻ˵ЩңҺѾ⣬ܼҸ𣻳¼ҳүѾľʯ岻֪٣Ƴ¼ҲѾŲȥң֪ҽΡ
Ҵ֪徹ȻǹǱĻںܾõʱ򣬹ϾѾ뵽֮У棬˲ľϻգҿòķոһЩΪӹϺŮĶԹ϶ų⣬ôҲ;ȥοĹϵڻǺܷҲȷܲʹ
ӻѹܿҾ;һ㣬ֻʱҲոƻҵ⣬һмѹûУʱҲûʲôȴôԽԽʵô죬ŬԺлţȷûʱκμ䣬Ҿƻ˵ұſڶ˿ûб
ľ׻صǿҪһЩʱģʯͷҲһ¶ҲһԼСʱѣҲ˵һ֮ʯͷһùԲѵҩȻٽͻȴ벻͸ʯͷĿģҪɱңôͲýͻ͵ſڣȻҪҰҡ
ʯͷҪңΪʲôҪҴ裬ͻһصԭĸо뵽뵽ʲô䣬Ѿˡ
ҲΪҵߵģһʯͷʱͻȻһֺܲõԤУʯͷΪʲôҪҵ
ͻ뷨ЩĪķ֪ʲô·ȴ֪ʲô£ãȻиȹϵһڷȥ
һǴ˳ҷסһС棬򿪷ȣ̨ߵ̨ϣԺӺͻ԰ʱҲȷⲻլ
Ȼ̨ϿȥһҲûУһվ̨ϣ˿ԶӦڽʲôطһʱһȷ
ҿƻվڻ԰ƺڴ绰Ȼ̧ͷңһ۾Ѹٹ˵绰¥
վ̨һֱûߵȼһ̣³˵Ҳͼһףʱǲܳκ£ҲӦû֪Ѿҳһ࣬ĴѰ㣬ң嶼Ѿʧˡ
ʧѾһ⣬ټƻ˵Ҿòʵ˵ʧǡ
ƻ˵ѾˣӦ֪뼫Ĵ˶Ϣؾͱ滻ˣʵѾµĻֻǶڹϷ˰ˡ
϶ѾˣԽԽ⣬ͼʲôѵԼȡʵڵǸˣΪʲô
ƻ֮һֱĬţȻ˵ֻ³˹л㰲֮⣬Ĵ嶼޷⣬鱨õ磬˴㣬ֻҲ޷̸ˡ
Ҳ⣬¿ǷͬСɣްε˵ǣȻһЩƭζĻҲʵĴʱĳڱԽԽֱʧĵزôеԭǲҲΪԵʣȣ벻ֻһγҲʹǡ̫ǿ󣬻Ĵ̫
ȻĴΪĹˣôĹ˲ˣǲ˵ĹĴҲӣ
ƻ̾һ˵Сģû㹻ֿԸ㣬Ҫȥ޲Ļ˼壬ֻû˿ԳƢŹֻ֣Ҳֻȥһˡ
ƻ˵ô࣬ȴȰȥ壬ⲻ֪֮ǰѾĴ㣬ʱƻôҸɴ˳ˮ˵ôʲôʱȥ
ƻ˵ȻԽԽãʱÿһӣԽʱҲѾˡ
ҿƻҲ֪ʱ䲻࣬Ǿʲôʱ䲻࣬ȴû˵һסĳ嶯Ϊȥ£ʵȥ
ƻ˵ԵĻ
˵û⣡
ʮ֮ҺƻѾڻǵ·ϣǳʱʱѾ磬ǵʱѾϰ˵㡣
ƻûдһլֱӵƵ꿪һ䷿ҲΪƻ˵ʱſУȥ̫磬ǽȥġ
˵ѵֻڹȥסҲˣ
ƻŽ͸˵бΪУǾͱ翵Ĵڣڸˣ˵ԴԺ󣬹а޼ѰֻʱʱŻ֣ҪҼ壬ͱӹнȥҲΪʲôܷ˱ʣĴ嶼⣬ȴԭ
ȻҾЩ˼飬˼̽Ѱϣ˵һЩܣҽ˹Ҳ˵һ
ƻΪ֤ſڴƻƣǺҼԵαװһ֮󣬴еĵط
ǵض֮Ҳ֪ƻ˵ĹȻʱſеĹеָѾƾʧˣѹҲȻֻҹʲôҲ֪ƻ˵ʵеĴڱһε£ǲڵġ
Ҳ˵ֹȻʵǹС
ȻˣƻҲûҪȥ˼˵һòǻص͸٣ػص·ߣΪʱ䡣
֪ƻ˵ָǡ
ڲϾŵ࣬ʱ磬ƻԱһֱתӿС̯ٵСƹݣ֮ͬһطᳬСʱϾͻỻطҲ֪ڱƽ˾ǶôĲȫ
ò׵ʱƻҴһںͬȥڵ˾ͷʱ򣬾Ϳһ֧·
ƻ˵ѾˣǸϽȥ


ڶپʮһ 
һν뵽֮УǵԵ翣һܽɢ֪ǲҵãҾﵱѾ˵ĵؽ磬һβɭĸо
ǲŸս棬ǰԼԼһվӳ֣Һƻȿ˵Сĺүһˡ
ƤҲƤȻһʱ侹֪Ӧ𣬻ƻ˵ҼүӣСҪ£Ѿٵˡ
谵ҸеƤһۣȻζ˵ү֪СҪ˶ڵء
˵ƤҲ˵˵һǸȻҺƻ߽ȥ
ڰȻֵҫţɵȽһͨˣֵ֮оû˰һ·ƤһﲻƤô֪ǻ
ƤЦһ˵Сģص죬ǾѾʱעһһ㻹ûҪеϢѾүˡ
˵Ƥ˶٣ȻָһЩ˵Ĵѻ٣νǹԮʯͷѾΩһԺϵ³˼үӣѾҲԺһȥ޲ˣ֣ȫ׼ûĿĵأֻԼˡ
Ƥ˵ƽ򶨣Ļ˵һЩ޹ؽҪһ㣬а̾ȣһж֮еƤҿǴδ̾ĲţǸ֮
˵Ƥû˵ģֻ˵µļүӻϸ˵˵ˣԵЩˣҲֻˣ˼үӣû˭
Ƥôһ˵ʱ˼֣ǰһֱΪΪ־߱ʲôԭ֮УӲ˼棬ƤƺĻĴУʼƿȫ֣һΣʱΩһݡ
ƹڰĽֵ͵˼ססϵطұ̫үȻϵãƤһؽǴȥǺܾɺƵķݣȥ֮ǿŽ뵽棬Ѿĸˣ飬ްΣľݣм塣
ľݳҵȻȣҾȵΪʲôްҲ˼ǣֻ΢΢һͷǴкڼүӣϴͷƺڴ˯
ԥҪҪںк˯ʱ򣬼үͷҲ̧ؿ˵Сˡ
ҵͷغһã
ȴ̧ͷҡҡͷҡ˵Ⱳֺòԣͬ㺰ңѾнԼıֽ˺ü
û뵽ô˵һʱ޷ش𣬻Ƥһ˵үӣСĺһʵҲϾǺһϣѾǰǸ˵ˡ
ĬƬ̣Ȼ˵һ䣺Ҳԣ
ȻкǶ£߸Χ£УʱһƬĬ˵
Ż̧ͷɨһˣ˹˵С˵֮Уȴ֮⣬ԭΪ֪Լ֮󣬾ͿƾԼʵȥ¡
Ƕû˵Ϊ˵ﲢûͣٵ˼ϸϸ˵ȥҸоĿͣϣȻٴ˵ǼȻˣȻŵ԰ȥ޲㵱ʱҵ£֮У֮£ҲϹͷһֱŵԭ֮һ
˵ǸӦþǡġȻ˵ҺһôҲȻ󣬼ҲǹŹֵĽ͡ġȻͬһʱڵˡ
ĿɨһȦȻѾ۾ȴ˸Ĺâ˲ֱӣȻĿջ˵ǵĶʮˣѾʣ޼ҴĲһ룬ͷҲǴղˡ
Ȼ֪ǲûв뵽һж֮ģֻ˵ʮ˶ʮĸǶĵĲ²¸ʱź˵СģһҲѾ֪ˣǵĶУġ
ʱҲʲôǵͷ˵ǵģѾ֪ˣֻһֱΪʲôͬġҡ
˵ʱҲ֪ˣһˡҡǣΪͺҳһģһĳֽǶ˵ʵҡ
˵ʱôҲͲˣĶ֮Уȷһģһˣһзģһӡ
ӣ˳ȥ飬ȴôҲ鲻ˡ
Ҿȵ飬ͷ˵ǵģĺӣʵ׾һˣӦüѪˣӾǷĵĸˣѪƳġ
Ҳ⻹汻ҲˣֻǼȻǷĵĸˣΪʲôȴҪӣΪʲôǴγУ˶һǰУ
ȴûнԭԭ˵ֻ˵Ϊ±˿һ㶼ǽֵģΪֲܹڻһ˱һ֣Ӿǻ壬ġ
˵ʱ򣬽յĿͻȻƿˣʱ˵ȫסҶ뽫Ŀۼ⣬Ƥ˵Ӧǻˡ
˵ƤѾӭȥ棬ֻ⻺Ǹɲģϣѹĵİ
֮ɨһӵˣȴһﲻҲ˴кֻ㶵վڿ룬ʱǲŷȷӦƤŹϣҲǼվʱ򣬻ͻȻʼزҷ֮˾ȣӣǴ˵һ
Ҳͬʱȴ˵˵һ仰ֻ˵Ѿȥ·ϣٲȥˡ
ǻ廹û˵꣬ͻȻ͵˵ϣһ˲ֳֻʶͬʱŵһɺصζҷֱóǻ˲ɢʶʲôվ󺰣ˤȥ𡭡
Ѿˣҳһ˲䣬һص֮УҵĺȥĻѾһʯӣǡ
ҴһӣϾ͸оֱ΢΢飬ƺʯǰס
ҲǶ㶵ʱֻ建˵ⱾӦĽ֡
۾ͣϣ֪˵ңʼգ϶ʯףһֱʯͷչˣֻѾڵĻһһ̲ʯӣҿӣһЩ֮Իľ֮ǰһȷһ¡


ڶپʮ 
ʼ壺ո˵ǵ֧һˣһӣǻ壻һзģľңǲǣ
ͷ˵ȷ㡣
õĴ𸴣ôҵĲ²ǶԵģδģոռ˵ǱӦҵĽ֣Ҳ˵ڽĳһʱ򣬻ʯȻˤóһ̲ʯӣʱˣôǲ˵ҵĽҲıˣ
£ͻȻͻȻȥƺ˵ôȥ޲ֻʱѾˣôȻҲٵˡ
ǣӦþǡɡ
һмƺѾƻ׵˵һμȻҶ۵ôׯ˭ҵָӣͬģھͿ뿪
˵꼾忴˿ңҶû飬Ǽż˵ʹˣȻ޲ᳵ·ᷢ⣬һҳʲô£СȡңһСĵָӣŵʱṼǵġ
Ҳû飬鿪˵үӣֻǵƾǼȥ޲ֻ»⣬ȥǱֳӣͬ·ȥΪֻһ֧Ļʵ̫ðգһ£ȫû³
룬ƺҲǹ⣬Ȼ̾һ˵Ǳ־Ͳ࣬ٷֳӵĻֻӶ޷뵽Ŀĵأ˵Ҳеʱ򣬱ȫ㣬вؾǹһ񡣡
Ǵٴ뵽Ĭ֮УҸеնʱѹƺ޲֪˲࣬ڳ߸ˣֳȫ⣬ңҲʶ޲һһЩ֮ģ򲻻ôͷۡ
ĬƬ̣үӿ˵ȻʱȣǼã»ôӳ飬룬£һ±֪
˵ż峯ƤһɫƤ⣬ǳȥˣҶ֪ү«ʲôҩȴû˿ʣһƤˣƣ̧һܣһˣֻⵣܲű̧һӸʬζһɹɵ
ҿȻĿѾ࣬ϵó۶үȴ˭
ϵˣһ𣬼Ҳ̾һ˵ΪзԪĻðֻ࣬ǵҵʱѾ⸱ģѾˡ
۶үȻ⸱ģԺ֮·ֿ֮󣬾Ȼĳ£ǲ̶ĵģҾֲٿᡣ
۶үȻ￴˵ӣ۶үȫڸãʱؿԼ帯õ䣬ԼŻȥֹҲµĲǰ͡
Ҷ۶үͻȻһ⣬Ǿ۶ү壬壬Ǽͬһʱˣǵòȴ̫࣬˵У뼾˥ϣΨ۶үģΧ󣬻ƻңԼǸġͬ顣
ƺһɣ˥ϵջʯͷˣղϵģƺǶɸʬĽ֣Ȼͬǲȴֳ˲Ϻͳǲ˵õĲͬһַܸҵģֻм塣
忴˿ңһֺ۹⿴Ҳ΢΢һӣҵͷҲ˵Ǽ۶ү⸱ģҪ˵¡
ȻʾƤ۶ү̧ȥ֮˵ķһֱֽԪӵĽǵ³Ϻͳƭ˵ļֻøҡ
⻰һƺʶʲôƻ˵үӵ˼ǲ˵ʲôʱҲǱɸʬǱʯˣҾʲôʱǸ޷Ԥϡ
ͷ˵ĵģǻû޲Ѿȫû
һ仰һʱȻѲµЩڵ֪Ĵ𰸵ʱҲǱ𾪵˵
һ壬һɳͲϰŵ塣
岢ͷɥ־˵Ԥֻµʱ򣬾ǹһˡ
Ƥ󣬼ȥϢڿ֮У֪лҪ˵Ǿڣ˵СģҲˣΣеϣˡ
⻰Ѿǵһ˶˵ֻҲΪʲô˵ϣϣѵΪݣ
ʼ壺Ҳأ
ȴն˵κҲΪÿһ˶һ
һʡ
˵ÿ˶֪ڹһʮҪܣΪҲеΪǳ֮ÿһ˶ûв¶ԣҲŵܣȴ㣬ƻӦѾ˵ˣҴ޲ġ
˹Լ˵˵
˵޲ֵģһ˵Ҫһ㣬ǷֻһֻһǶһ޶ģʱڵǸۣͬһˣ֮ǲͬһˣΪʧ˵ԵʣֱԪ˵Ĺϵ
֮һѾ֤ʵ²⣬ֻֻۣһʱ˵ģΪʲôʧ䣬Ϊʲôһᱻ޲֣ЩƺǺš
˵һΪʲôҪЩʵЩǵģôԭֻҲֻԼ֪Ǹֺ֪ԣһУҲ಻⣬ֻǿҵȲ׵һˡ
˵ıۣǰο˵ûм㣬ȥ޲
ȴ˵ԼΪһ뵽޲ұһͬ룬˳ʯةӡ·ߡ
ʯͷҲѾȥ޲Ϣ̾Ѿվ
ȴ˵ϵıݣȥ޲Ļᱻȫ׷ɱֱ𣬶ֻһ֧ڻĶſԴ⼸Ѿǹϲħ䡣
ô˵ƺѾʯͷľ׵ʱΪʲôҪҴΣԭһѾ˱ľģֲԴٴμͱŹ֣һУѾѡԳе
뵽ͻȻվҲܿȥ
ƺ㼤ҵ仯Ҳһ˵ʯةӡ湲ϵʵȥðգԲŻ
ʯͷԽȥȴԽؼᶨҪȥ޲ľģ˵ҶҪֹҲؿȥ


ڶپʮ 
֮Ҽû뿪Ӱ벽˵ʱǱ뿪ʱ򣬶һ²һ£һٳ⣬ô¾ˡ
ȥ޲£ƤǶϸţļƻң壬Ƥһ·ʣµļһ·Ǵͬ·ֱ޲
飬ްΣƻľ˴ӸľҲϿȱԵ˳ȥҲȥ۴һߣҪ뵽һ޼ʵɳĮ֮УֻǴӶ߽ȥǴϱ߽ȥҪǣҪ;Ͽȡ
֣ҺͼֵµĻƣЩƣֻһЩĴӣΪΣյ޲ʱֻǸﲻκæΪΣֻмһϤ
ȣֻѡ񣬶Ϊ˷ֹ·ϷҪ⣬ֵµĻƺһҵĻƸƻǣҲǱڹйһЩرƷЩȵȷͲᡣ
Եؿʼǰ޲ʱѾ֮飬ֿ֧ң廹ƤʮŵĻһ·ȥȻٽ뱻Ϊ֮ĸ̲ɳĮ
һ·ԣڽɳĮ֮ǰƤһֻնӣɳĮǰУôˣһ֧նȻǺõģֻǻᵢһЩʱ䣬ε¡ն˵Ҫȥ޲ʱȴ׷ױʾԸȥǱʾնӿǣǲŽȥġ
ΪǵĻ˵ǽȥͳĵضֻ࣬ܽ͵һׯͲȥˡ
ȻˣôҲֻգֻնӣǽ˼ʮ뿪µ·ʣԼȥ
̲̫þҪɹɸʬһֻ˵ʬǲŽȥ˼·Ͼͷһ߱ɳĸʬӦǹˣƶǿģǾʲôԭ򣬿ҲֻԼ֪ˣֻǿϧǣⲻԶǳڣȴûܰҲ֪ɳĮпᡣ
ʱƤͬ˵޲ֻһƬޣǵĿĵؾƬޣʱҲΪʲôҪ˶ˮÿһֻյĶˮԭһ·ϲһƬޡ
Ƥ˵·һβˮĻᣬȴǿп޵ģΪ޲һƬƶĺ˭Ҳò׼ʲôʱ֣ʲôʱʧԣܲҲ˵׼£ʱѾĴ㡣
µĻƶ׷漾صģʱ򣬲ĵģһһΣʱ˵֧ͻỵһϣʱ򣬼ѡʮϸ񣬶ǵĶУûһҵˣȻ岢û˵Ҷóҡ
ʵҲǣĴ嶼ŮˣǵְػŮĹȴҪŮĹУǲûзԣǽȥʲô۵ľҲ˵Ͼһ·ˣСһЩΪһһ
ʼնϣҲһΩһָ·ˣǶָķߣûеͼҲûָЩĶȫԼֱ
ɳĮǽһ춼оԭشתɳĮ֮аȣҹ䣬Ժ˱ɳ֧ǿסһ
һ·ϼ弸˵һֱüͷûҾüǲ̫һЩ˵ѾԤϵһЩʲôʲôõ£ֻûиǶѡ
Ƥ˵ĵ޲֮ĴɳƤ˵ûн޲ܹ˵ĴɳģԷǿ޲ˣܴӴɳôҲ޷ǰһˣΪȻ޷һġ
ϢĻƿ϶ǲ֪ģΪȥҵĴɳܻġ
֪֮ұ㲻֨ﻷӣԴ߽֮󣬾ϣѾֻ֮Ǽľǲ
ɳĮ죬ûʲôر鷢ֱ˵죬ǰеĶͻȻͣ£ſ˵Խĵһ仰˵ԾһƬɳǾǽ뵽ϵ޲ˡ
׼ϵ޲ʲô˼Ҳ˵ǵĽ뵽֮ıԵȽˡ
죬գ̫߸߹ϣûһ˿һҪĺۼ˵ɳ
żĲ²ⲢûдΪԴӽ뵽޲֮󣬼Ѿת˷һֱȥķȥ
Ƥ˵Ҫһųȥڷɳɳ˵һգͻᵽȵȥһܣԱ㽫ʧ͡
ȻѾ˵ôǾԲģȻ޲ִôȻǶＫ˽ġ
˲յĹ⾰ԭʵձ㿪ʼ̧ȥֻɳĮʵĽ㴦һƬɫ𽥽Ϊһ壬һسǵķѹ̧ۿ˼ӣ˵ڣɳͻ׷ǣǵļӽٶȡ
СƤνĹųǻжԶƤ˵ڷɳ֮ǰǹǸϲˣ׼
Ҳ뻹δ޲Ҫѣֻһõֻ¸ˣƤ˵ߵ·̫ƽˣľߵһǾ֣ʱ˭Ҳ˵׼˭ܽȥ˭棬Ϊвȷʵ̫࣬˵ˣǸԵ
µĻƼΣҲǼӽ˲Ӹ·ÿһÿһ붼鲻ֻһ֮ʮ
ֻǳϵǣǻûھѾ˲ԫϱڣǰһɳĹųǣƤƺѯǲǾǼ˵ıܷɳĹųǡ
ƤȻҲľȣɵǿʱľҲڲزסȫչϣԣų֣ǶѾЩ̫Ƿʲô¡
ڷɳ󣬼廹ʱѹס֮飬Ƚų֮У˵һ䣺ǽȥСһЩǵòҪ׵ųǵȥҪĶ
ⶣóǶֵĹųǵķΪҲҲʶϵĹųǣЩŵĹϢ
ųǴ濴һ棬ǽ뵽棬ŷĲǼĿռʵտıڶüʵʯģȫ濴ӡ
ǽնϽȻʯͷȵȵĶڸձӽ϶סֹɳӷ϶֮ʯͷһѻ𣬲ǶǽǵģǾһİľǰܷɳʱʰġ
˲ãֻһɹһķХţͬʱַɳײڹųϵľҡɳɳ˾ëȻ룬ʱǾ棬ķɳܻȷǸ漣


ڶپʮ ɳµı
ǰޣ˭û˯ɲķɳҲ˯ţֻɳң˿ҲûҪͣ˼˰ҹֲҲƽ֮һ·һӿЩ߰˰˵ҲͿǽ˯ˣǿ֧һЩʱ򣬺ҲԺ˯˹ȥ
Ҹоһ˯˯˺ܾãƺ˺˯֮УһֱоҶߺңĴҵƺͼڽҡ
Ժ۾ֻǻ㱵ؾǰиˣ˭ȴǰһֱңСģѣСġ
ֻѹûѣһʶ㱵˼㣬Ҽ۾ŷƤͬʱֻ߻ղ˻Ȼһķɳ
һЩȴʯǸӻҵҵһӦƤʲôǣ
ƤȻЩԾ˵Сû°ɣô˯һΪѾȥˡ
ֱӣ˦˦ͷԼһЩȻ˵·̫˰ɡ
Ƥ㲻˵Щһҵ˵ϵˮȫˡ
ע⵽ձϴͣĻƣֻձϵˮ䶼ղԶЩһعһЩǳʵô£
Ƥ˵֪ү˵˽ŲǽǣҽѻƲ쿴Χʱ򣬾ͷеˮ䶼Ѿˡ
Ե޹ʵôͿˣҾúǲ˼飬ҿһΧּͿǽϣĿƸ˼챳ľɡ
Ƥ˵үӲõųȥң³£³аţƺطйء
Ȼ˵ûˮɳĮٲά裬ټΧûпԲˮԴĵطĻȥ޲
ƤҲǳĬţֱЩƶǸż徭һЩ˵ģʹ£ҲûңƤȥͼӵͷ˵ʲôҳ⹦ǰҹ۾ȴ˵
£ʵô
ȴ˵˵׼ˮʧ߯һЩ
ʣ㲻˵нŲ᲻ǡ߶˸ɵģ
ɫ䣬ȴ˵ûŲƤǼ㣬û˵ʵʲôҲûһֱţնչֽž
һ˵ǲ̫һЩûôЩˮ
ȴԭû˵ȥЩˮʲô֮رעˮײյȽš
ҴӦ¼ʲô⣬Ǻƹŷĵն
ٹʱƤҵͷҲͷǼ򵥽뷨Ҿټһ飬ˣû˿ɵµˣЩκĵĸоҼӲһ˵һٳӣǱĶ͸ѩϼ˪ҪǣǾʧ˿޲ȥˡ
ȺУֻնӣһֻգԴӽ֮Ǿͱ˩˽ŵֱߣȫֱϢֻղųһУڵϣڶѾվˮжͷǱϣһֻᵽ߹ˮһֻ⣬ˮһˮʣ
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ʱұϵһ˵СĶү֮ǻᷢˮûˮˣΪˮȫӵϵԵʡ
עȥƣǵһȴź죬ٿһۣҲǹҪҵע⣬ҷȻһƣ˼Ǳ㲻˵ֻʵ˵˴ˮĸ͵ˮ
Сӣ۶үµĵƣ㼾岻ϵãôƤҲӦϵãǼƤڶġҵͷ˵Ͼˮ䲢ûбǹĵط
˵üĻ˵ֺʹްʵȥ̽ˣҵĶһ𡣡
ҾһСӣ޲ѾˣȴһҲ֪顣
Сûٶ˵ҺԣҲûҵԭֻǿһЩ֮ѡ
ˮ쳣ľٿʲôձϣֻǿЩյĵһۣҾ;ֲԾĸо̲ס࿴һȺա
ٿʱֲԾĸоֵȻ޴棬СӿĪı飬ңСĶү㻹ðɣ
ЦЦ˵á
ż˵ҵϸȥյĽƣһȦûзκι֮ǾʲôҲû֣ܾЩպһЩ죬ֲ֪
ϸϸһȦȴʲôҲû֣˵ǲӦõ£ΪˮȻûôˮʧٵģ
ôķɳȻʲô˽ˮ͵ȥΩһͳ棬Ҫų⣬ҪǶܵĻ⡣
Ұ˼ǰСûʼ˵ˮҶϸˣû쳣ĵط
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ٴЩζԭҲǰֲü尵аһЩ棬ԭĿģҲ̫ƽ
ߵƤߣʲôûУͬʱ۾һǸ˵Ļƣһ۸պÿȫòǵһۣҾϳҼҺ֮ܿУҲֻһ˼
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Ҳϳ˹ͷеʱ͵ʶΪʲôЩˮȫʧԭΪʲôһøոյ⣡


ڶپʮ Ӧ
ͷֵµˣүȴʯ
֪ʱΪ飬үߵĺܽǳүύޣ㡣
޵һԿ϶һʯͷ죬ȴôڶǼٵģôȻǼٵģһȻƷֵˣ˭Ҳٰ֪޵ݣճүȻԼĿġ
ҸҪһ㣬ϸԺµͨ£ʱͨһָµָӡ洫ҰҺʯͷȥʱֻ޺ͳүܿүʯƵʱƶϺĳȴܲ
Ϊȴûӣ
ʯͷҵҵʱҸմӻһһЩ£ʶʮģûӦһ㡪ʯͷǺŵģȻ֪£ĪİôǸҽеȥ
ҲµĲĻڳүߣһŲ¥ޡƺȻ޶ǼٰģǸޡǡٰģġޡûгһľףʱһҽУġ
ʱǡΪ˷ֹй¶ЩǣĿľǽ棬ǰġޡȻѾʶ߷ˡıҪ𴩶ɱǾͷͨһĻҲ˵ʱֻһͨ
龰Ϳʱָˡ˼ʱ䣬ү۶үͬ뵽棬淢޵ʬ壬۶үͳүʱ֮ûκΪѾ˻֮С
Ȼʱүں޲ͻȻʯҲ˵үԼҲ֪Լʯв֮ǰһֱ롰޽ӴܣЩʱ򣬶ڳү޷¸ү˷ʯ߿Ե³үʯĶĿǰΪֹֻ֪ʯһҪԭǷʯȻҪڵģʱǳˡʱƷүľ÷
ʲôԸ۶ү۶үǸģʱ֪
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뵽һ㣬ƤСؽ˵ˣƤ󾪣æȥգͬʱѾ˶˰ɻƵĹͷС
ƤһնȻҵ˹֮ôھĿ꣬ϸյ۾Ȼǵ۾һһ̾ţÿһֻնС
˵յǸ⣡
˵ţͻȻСնкһүСĶүǹյĽϣ
С٣ȻҲͻȻʲô״ҺƤٹȥʱֻѾʼֵڵȥҹȥʱСյĽϣҿսϲ֪ʱëϸ֮󣬲֪ⲻëʬ̦
Щʬ̦鲼սϣһⳤƤ˵ЩǴսͷģʬ̦ϲʪѾ֪ЩˮʧٵˣӦɳĮеĸһ·ֻܼľڣû˿ǵĴڡųպʺĵطǳǲעʱͬʱˮеˮ
˵ҺƤ໥һۣȻƤк˵ÿٲ֭
ƬֻлƱһСʲôƤȻСش˸ӣֻɫ֭ҺȻʧ֮ԸʯҺ
Ƥ򿪸˵СģһЩ
ҺС˳նƤ棬ȻһֽӵĿٲ֭һԵسЩȥ
һ޿ٲ֭̾ͱƤȫȥϲûʲôӦƤȴ˵ǵԶһЩ
˵ߣʱͻȻһСȻһĪĸζֻԭͻȻ˻ϣǵͿʼãֻһشصʬ̦ʱվһֻëӡ
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Сһ˵ҿֵ磬ҪЩʬ̦ˣֻǶˣ
ڣѾȷЩǡֽţĿĺԣǲ˳޲
תͷһ۹ͷУվԭһ޶ԵӣҿҲûвҾЩͣҿ۾ʱȴ֣۾Ѿնˡ
Ƥ˲Ծ
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ֻ˲Ѿòģȫˮֶڼʧһ
ͻ䣬˶ԭأȴʱǰһȻţƶķǳġ
Ҳ֪ʲôĿģȻ仯ٶȴ˿һѾҼ֮⡣
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ҿվԶϻǹǹ˵ӵָȾʬĸʬЧ
ҿ˿ϵĹͷУͷɻȴǡһӣʲôʱʬĸʬ
˵Ҳ֪ƬɳĮǸʬ£˵Ҳȵ˵ط˾֪ˣ
ɼʱȴʲôҲû˵عͷԸƤƤ㽫׼öԸָʬǹÿ˷һ֧ԺĶһǹͿԣӵ࣬Դʡã
˵ǽ£ʱͻȻһָоƺᷢһУ֮УҸǽǣʵ֪ˣթǲǣ
ȴЦǼթֻܱǸթΪǻɳĮ¶޵ʱʬ̦͵Ϯȴû뵽ⲻƵ߳һۡ
˵ܵͣƺڼɵʲôȻͬ˵СģʲôҲʣΧͺãǵĶлӦǱһγ˲޲ȥĻǵһһӲ۾ȥ޲Ҳ޷뵽Ŀĵصġ
Ҳ̾˼ǵȫһ·һﲻƺԵǺƵӣǴǺܼٵظԭⶼǼģĿľʾǽͶǵľ衣
ֻǳ˹ͷУ滹ӦһһЩƣҳϤȴǰ״ΪƤСӣ˶ס
Ȼ¸ãȻ彫ôΪȥĿĵ׼ȻԼļƻҲʣֻؼ⣺ûˮԴǺã
˵޼ԭǲѾȥų𣿡


ڶپʮ ̫
˵ͻȻԼͶأһй涼ƿ֮Уұ㲻ʣڵ龰ֻһʿݡ֮ض
ȻҶģǺŵڶģʧȥ˱رˮԴ֮ϾͻõµĲôƤ֮ǰ˵ƬɳĮ޷ˮԴȻҲաϹһѡ
ԼŻ˶ˮƤ˵ǣһ塣ʵǲҪЩˮֻҪװˮˮ͹ˣˮնһԽˮ䰵ȳ²֣˿֣
˵ǽǱĿ񣬿˳ᢵӣŵһЩԭûֻǿƤЩЩյʬ
ֵ˺þãҲû˴ӹųķɳδͣһƤߣ˵ɳһӿɹΣȻѾ֪ļƻǸسЦЦСĺܱǸûк˵
ȴЦЦû£ıƭˣ
˵ƤҲЦ˵㷢ûУƺǳġ
ʣΪʲô
Ƥҡҡͷ˵Ҳ̫ΪǹϺԵʡ
ȻŮĻôɵǺ˵ϾͽֻҺɻŮ˵ĿľʲôѵԨķˮЩˣΪʲôֽ֮Ƿ͸ʯ֮족ƺǰ󶼳ìܣΪʲô
ҵʣȴԽԽ˹ΪʲôҪŮҾãƺеĴ𰸣档
˸ոյ£еĻƶԵЩʧ䣬Щ޾ɣڸսõĶ˵ȷЩĸоҾ˸ոյ£ͳͳû˯⣬͵͵Ƥްʲôʱȥǵ׵ģ
ƤҶС˵ǰһ
ǰһ죬ֲڶ֮ҸûвͬеĻҲӲǵļˣҲǼ尲źõģǾۼеעôްǰȳ²֣һ˳еĴУǺĽɫڸһ㡣
ǽƤ˵Ļȴҳһ˵ŮĹ֮¼үӶҲȱǽŮĹֻܿ㣬һһǵϢϢأһͷһǰķҲȫûԭСģҺܵģү˵㵽޲ͻһ֮ǰ£ǵʱȻһ㶯ҲûУǵϣϣû㣬Ҳνϣ߾ˣΪʮǰ˾ѾԴ𰸾ˡ
ƤĻҾþòƽ˶ϣȴûһԾǲ˵ǵϣĳ˵Ѿˣ
û˵Ƥ˵ҲĻڷʱʯҶĬֻҵķɳںХš
֮ͻȻ˴ӹųŤͷȥֻӰ´µӰ龰ĻƸϽӵŵƤҲѾվ˵Լˣȱ֡
ڻŰ߽ˣ£֡ްǿһۣͷȴû˵֮ƤǣôҵûУ
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Ƥ˵û£缾үϣˮԴȫˣûˮԴ
ް˵ˮԴãԵﲹֻûգֻЩˮ˱ĻӰǰٶȡ
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ްĬЩĬƤ˵ǣȻ˵ˮԴʱ򣬻һЩЩ֣ŮµĶ
ƤʣôŮĶ
ҿһۼ壬ʱѾ۾ƺԴްṩҲǺܸȤֻ˵Ůıؾ֮أҲȻֻǿӣƺֻ·ô򵥡
ްͷ˵֪ˣ
˵ƤСӴȥȡˮҺСĸްȥ
ƤͷӦʱͷ࣬ҳʱǲͷܲһʱӣֻҲװˡ
ްƤȥȡˮ򵥽ƤһЩ£ҲûٴƣĸˣҾãҪܿԼ֧飬Ļ˵滹СӦ˵κλȫ
ĸȽ뵽ųǵ£廹㽡ʣȻȴްҪһЩ·ȴ˿Ҳʹްǰ棬ں档
ֻ٣֮ҲֻǼ򵥵غҴкȴһֱڹΦϣȥ
ִҵ￴ҵ⣬ֻ˵СģܱǸڴϵʱ뿪ˡ
ʣȥұҴûҵ㡣
˵˺ӺصԺԵΪҲܸȥһԼҪȥ
һȻ򣬹ֲұҴҲԭʱѾ˳źˮƮ˺ߣǵʱȷǿʲôѵΪʲôŵʱȥΪʼգҪȥ֮ġ
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ָңںܾǰˮغͺɳĮ޲֮Խ޲ΪʱһƬҲ˵һ޴ĺֻǺֱ仯յºʧһƬɳĮ
ųǽ˵Ϊ֮ʲôųǣ˵̫ǡ
Ҳû˵̫ǵİ㴫˵ָ˵̫ȵ̫ĳأҲΪŮ島ϰϵڿµĶʱȴѾɣҲŮľݵ֮һ
Խ֪ڳǵ׷ֵľʲôȻˮݷĲݵأô뵽ǣŮģҺĸҲ壬еĹƺô򵥣ôųǣ᲻ĸľַ֮һ
ôĻͿԽΪʲôŮĶҲԽΪʲôĸʧʷ֮УܿҲǺصɳĮйϵȻҲǺܳĿ֤ĸʧ֤ݣܾãĸʧ֣кضԭ
Ĵ֮УΨһһչΪĲ壬Ůž˵ƣΪͼڣҲãĸҲãβŮӣֱң᲻ĸŮĺ᣿
Ⲣҵĺ˼룬Ҫһ㣬ǳƺŮʵ˺ѾĴƣɺϵǣĸҲŮĴƣƵĴзʽټ֮ǰһϵɺϣ˵ͲɺϣһǱĬ뻻һݣ˼άǱʶȴƵĶµĲ塣
ĻôŮȻҪܿʲôȥҲֻһ


ڶپʮ ̽
µĳȣǰ˲ʮԶԶڵ¹֮ͻأسһټĺڶǱʲô޴Ķײһ
˹棬ѾƣֻӴԼʮ׿ȫסǵȥ·ȥʵҲûʲô·ˣѾһľͷˣް˵Ƿ쳣ĵط
ϣֽȥӴԼҿڿӵ׻лˮԿס
էһۿȥӲûʲôر𣬵ȻʱȲĳ򣬵ֻǿӵĻûһް֮ǰ˵İŮԳϹϵĵط
ҿȴſӵıԵȻ˵ǡ
ע⵽ӵıԵһɫĶɰңɫԣҽȴγɵģȻǺɫģȴӣΪͲӵӣȻڴްİʾ£Ϊӡ
ĦһȻ˵Ƿʯģ
ްͷ˵ȷǷ㣬ҲȷŮⶫΪʯⶫֻǲŻῪɣҲֻǿɹҲֻǲ֪⾿һʲô
ŻȻʧ֮أǵȷ֭ҺҲƤ˵Ŀٲ֭Ըұķʯʯһֲ֭ͻȥȻɺɫļӲʯ飬ǰһɫʯ飬ҵʱһģһ
ʴްȥûУ
ްصصͷҿƺԾֻ˵ƺйŹ֣ˮ⣬ֻڱϹ۲һ飬ûȥ
˵ֽˮϴȥˮȻ峺ҲһˮˮˮʲҲȻġ
ȴ˵ǹһھڲ֪ôײˣԱ⸱ģˮͷ֪ж
һھҲûпôһ˵ŻôҶˮ棬УƺˮͷһӰ
Ӱת˲ţܿͲȴΪҵĴΪӰʧʱˮشӾ洫ԭˮһȦȦأš
ǿʲôûУ̧ͷʣӰֻһ˿ް˵ˮոƺˣ
ȻȥˣǲǻдȷԿ϶ǣˮͷһжǴ˵ġ
Ȼжȫ˴ްϣΪƾе㷢ʯۼжŮľݵ֮һǲ̫һЩʴްްѾ̻ķʯбʲôûУ
ʣް˵ķʯۼ֮⣬ȷбĶ棡
ް˵߳ߵָҿ˿棬ڲ¡˵ģҲ澿ʲô
ȲȥĶҪްָŵǵطȥɾǸתʱһˮ洫һͷȥֻˮĸˣǼˮȴʲôҲûУĸ˵Ŀ⼸ȫۼ棬ȻͻȻ˵Ҫȥɣ
ްͼ嶼û˵ƺڵĿԣȻ˵а𣿡
Ӽ仰ͷҿҲȥһԣֻҲ̫ȷ澿ʲôԲŻһ֣ƺҲԥ
ֵͷ˵ȥ֪ˣһСĵģ
֪ôģЩֵİΣްͼ嶼ѾͬˣҲٷԣֽƽң·ˮ̶ﻬȥˮʱͻȻסԭֹȥǻߣȴˣԼСģ
ֳһͷȻ߽ˮͷžһ档
ȥ֮⾮ܳʱ䶼ðˮݣ˺ھһƬʲôҲûзһ
վڿӱϣʹްɫҲ˽֣֪أӦòӣҾһĵģƺ沢û򵥣һΣյδ֪ط
Ǳȥ˺һҲûʱްЩ˵Ǳȥʱǲ̫һЩ
ҲòǾƽأҽһֱˮϣӽеĿɿɼ֡
ʱһһӵߣֹƬ̣ɲ㶯Щ˵᲻ˣ
ްͼ嶼˵ֹ˰ңֻ濪ʼ๾ðݣҵһЩϾЩݲԾָλݣ
ţҹ濴һ˴ˮֻǸģһһģȸȿľΪˣɵʱ򣬲ŷⲻ֣һˣǳˮеԵʣѾͷףӣѾȥܳʱˡ
û෴ȴǸһʬ壬ԭͲõԤиӲȻʬ壬ô;Ƶء
ǾҪ滬ȥްȴһסңСҪʲô
ڴްסҵһ˲䣬ҵĴ͵رһƬհףȻʶĳͻȻԺҾһ˲䣬һǻ㱵ġ
ΪͻȻ䳹ʧ෴ȴɵ£Ҿվ±ϣֻҪһҾͻˤȥٲǰҲҵֱֻۣģģҲ֪˭Ŭ뿴˭ԽǼоԽģҿԸеֱϴƺƺûҵҪ׹ȥ
УǸһҵԺصؾޱ޾ĻСģ㲻ˣǾûϣˣ
֮ҸоҵͻȻʧҵӴ͵׹ȥ־ҵ׹͵ػصʵУһعȴްͼúĪ鿴ңްҵֱۣҾվӱϣްңСģôˣ
һ˲ãȻ͵ʶոҵġþ
˵û£ްͼһۣȴʲôҲû˵ްֻ˵Сģȱȥ
ް䣬ٴһˮһͷȥֻͻȻðͷҿӣȻѾǺˮŴǱѾˮϣƺѾû˿ҿƺ˩ʲôһƺؽҲԵʣĶſ˵ؼѡ
Ҽ˽һްȻ˳ӻȥּ߳˵СģҰⶫ


ڶپʮ ͷ
ǰϽסһֻ͵һ޴ҪҸȥסӣȵؿ֣ʲô
ƺΪⶫѾȫ˵֪ˡ
ҺŰʵڿӵʱҾѾһ˿ĻɣϾҼ¹ϵĵȷ̫ˡ
ҺܻĻ᲻Ҳһ¹ס
룬һͷĶ֮󣬹һ¹ףֻ¹ѾˣʬѾˡ
򿪵¹ףҲһ۸ھϵʬ壬ĪʬǴ¹渡ġ
룬ľ徿Ҫô˵ֽȡ濴һۣʹްؿ¹ףֻް˵͸ȷŮľݵ֮һֻ·ôˡ
ͷͬް˵Ȼ¹ףǾⶫǴģҶŮʲôһ֪Ωһ֪ģֻⶫɣԸʱ䡣
ţֿһ۾渡ŵʬ壬ӣȲǱ¹ӣֲˮӣΪ⸱ģʵ̫ˣ˵¹ʬĻôʬӦȱģӦ㸡ײ԰ףΪ¹ȫˮģ˵ǱˮеİɣôΪʲôõˮȴ˿ãģӣɲողűھˮģ
ް־ģ˵ʵҲΪֿԿͷʲôܽ¹׸ҲǿֱʹȻȴ˵⾮Ǳףھʮ״һЩǵķʯԴ¿Ķƺһ֪쵽ʲôط
зʯôطֵˣڣѾһô򵥣ó¹׺ķʯͿ˵һ㡣
ʱֵķʯҲԵһѾȥ𣿡
ֵͷ˵Ѿױ˺ɫʯ飬ֻмĻڷ⡣
˵Ǿˣ
ȻʾҺֽ¹Ǻ¹׸ȥƽˣһ㿴ľƺʲô
ֽ·ϣްʣǾʬθ֪𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵һ·ҲûκεĶҲûʬƮ֪Ǵðġ
ȻĻôʬĳ־ԵЩˣ߹۲¹ױʵһߣ滹ûˣ
ңңͷ˵ûˣֻһߡ
վӣ˼һ˵һĹ
һż٣˵һĹĻֻ˭Ĺ
ƺҲ˼ô⣬ֻ˵ﱻ֮Ϊ̫ǣһģ뼫пһϵ壬ŮϵУ룬ǵӦòࡣ
ϣ֪ôģѿڶ˵Ҳϵĵ̣ҲǺŹ鸽Ůġ
˳˵ȻɿƺҲе
ĹϵĻôǲǾͿҵһЩϵ˿Ĵ֮йĲ塣
⣬ִֻһˮһͷȥֻոջƮŵʬȴѾˣϳвڵ֮⣬ʲôҲûС
˵Ǿʬ塭
ް˵ﲢ򵥡
ް䣬ͻȻ洫һƺǼĶ鴫ģǷʲôɧҡ
ȻǶȴʮһʱһǻûзӦʱѾ˵ǸϽصȥƳˣ
˵Ҳ˲õϵһ¹ףͼҴҵߣǼ飬аһС£岻顣
߳ûԶֻСҴҵشѰҲ˲˵˵үӣȥɣ涼ҳһˣ
СӾųʵʲôˣ
Сӿһۣ˵쫷罫ɳȫˣųǵӼˣкöľл̲סȥ˿֪ôľˣȥȣȴҲͬΣǻһģһȾʬˣ
С˵ܿ죬ƺҪڼ̵ʱｫ¸˵һǶЩ飬˵ǽ˼Ҳûжֳ£ĻΪҲ£ˡ
ЩȻǼ徫ϸѡǰ˭Ƿˣοڼڳ£ֻɻСӵ˵ǣ˵ǽ˿ˣǽҲͰСʱʱ䣬ʱҲ̫һЩ
ĸˣ˶С仰Σ򲻶ɫʵʲôʱˣ
СӲ׼ΪʲôҪʱ䣬ֻ˵Ѿˡ
˵ôܣǽСʱʱ䡣
Сҵ˵ʱסˣϾͷӦȻż壬ͷ˵ʱĲԵȣô˵ӡ
˵Ǳٲԥȥӷʯ¹ףٵʱ䣬ƺѰһھ澹Ȼ˶ǲ򵥰
ڻȥ·ϣҿСӴڼǰ˵ʲôСʲôں棬ֻ߱С˵ЩӶ˶ƺʲô˼¡
ȴûк˵ʲô£Ȼ˱ܣôӦǼҪ飬˭ҲûʣֻǴްĪػͷ˿ңź֣ƺ˵ʲôһʱȴȻްһֻۣعͷȻߵ棬ֻʯһƬƤƴסƣȴЧ
ҷ׷׵ĳ棬üȻͻȻһʲô
һʮ㣬ҳһƬʯҶʱͰȻЩȫż壬ǿ˷ŭĿ֮󣬷׷ײֱӣͷ
ȷǶŭʱ򲻶ŭֻҲסһˣȻʵƤ˵ʲô£
Ƥȴ˵үӣ֪ˣ
ʱҲע⵽ԭʯӺձӷסѾˣһƬȻɳѾͣˡ忴һˣȻ󻺻ߵڴҸ󣬵ҿǰһ֮ԼҲסˡ


ڶپʮ Ļ
ɳ뱻һƬߵӦþ̫˵ĹˣЩ֮䣬һڿڵĹľţҿڹľϣмƵʬ塣
üͷʵȥЩľǲǣ
Ƥû֨ȻⲢ⣬ƤԲܻ³ç£ȻĻˣԼʣȴ˭ҲҿһһȺͿǹײģǾ۱裬˵ģ
ЩƷ׷׵ͷ˭Ҳ˵ȻʣƤȡˮ
˵żѾڴص棬Ƥżˮߣ彫ˮӴ򿪣ȥ̽̽ˮȻƤǶǴǴް˵ĵطȡģ
Ƥͷ˵Ǵȡģ
ȻͷŴް˵ˮ⣡
ްЩţӦڼ˵ҪˮʱѾ˵ҿ
˵ҲߵˮϣһЩˮʱҲǱɫ˵ǿʱǺõģôһӵĹ򣬾ͱ
ʼնһԿţˮﵹˮ峺ûﲻףԺˮǳʲô⡣
˺ǶһҲǺܲ⣬Ǽûƽһֻˮ̧ȥǶ֪ҪʲôҲ棬ȻԸ˽ˮ⴦ҸԸƲҪƤϡ
ƽˮʱʵһǺ峺ˮһɳϣͷһȦɫݣǾ綾Ķҩһ
ʱŵ˵ˮʬ
ȻƤǼĻǲǶˮ
Ƥ˵ǵģˣ
ʱŽ˵ȹˮˣֻҪɹ̫ӣǼ㲻ɹ̫Ҳֻʱĳ̶ѡ
⻰һʱ˻ȻƤ˵ǡɵģ
ͷֻһ˵Ҷˣ
˵ָָǼƵʬط˵ԼҲãʡĻҪһȥңҲǼ¡
Ҿò⣬ʵ⵹ô£
Ǽ彫ԭϸϸһ飬ŻȻԭˣΪ˽ϧ˺òײŻӡ
üĻ˵ȻϿƺһͷȴ֮ҲΪʲôᷢոյЩµԭ
ҸҪһ㣬һʼǾѾ˸ոǼˮ
ΪǱЩˮ棬Ѿֽţ˵ˮԴʱҼҪ³˵ЩˮǴʬʳġ
ʬ壬֮ǰǲµĸʬ˵ˮǲڳһ֭Һ֭Һֻ벻Уĸڳʹʬʳ
һ˵֭ҺǲûлгĹЧȻֹЧǺܶݵģ˵һܵӣǻ壬дް˻֭ҺˮԻӣʵѾٳЩҺʴ֮Ľ˵֭Һڲᱻֱܽһ죬ͳͳʴɣŸãȻڶֳõ֢״
˵ֿһ˲ͷҲǻһ㷢һ֣ǵĽ̶֣ġ
ǡȴ⣬ǡ̫رֻҪһմȾֶͻ̷ٲᳬĸСʱ
Ƥ䣬ǽ뵽ʯ֮󣬹ͷеȷȹˮҾǰСʱΪһֱܻƤرںǼƤһ·ǾȻһˮûȹ
ȡˮʱ⼸ѾȥĻͬƤһͬȥģҲǣˮʬΪʲôҪԼȥȣ֡
˵＾ȴЦ۾˵ΪѾʶԼݼ¶ո˵һ·϶ûкˮҲˣûˮƬɳĮ֮г綼Ǿ͵һĻڹľԱߵļΪЩľȾʬӡ
˵ô˵ĻЩľȷҲʬˣ
ͷһ˵ͲǷһȥץˡ
ֳˣûˮԴɳĮȥ
ʱǴް˵СģôʱͷԺˣˮǿԺȣ·ϣÿ˶ѾȹֻЩˮֵҵ޲ƶĺߵͿˣʱڣǲЧġ
˵ȴһֹʵķתһ룬Ѿȹˮ֭ҺǱҲǳ£ҵŮĹпɽķ
뵽ʱҵԺͻȻһͷȻҲ˼ؿż壬ҿҺ΢صͷƺڸҵĲ²ǶԵġ
жʱЩԺȻϵַǳʱڣҲַֻǳֶβܱ֤˳ȥ޲
֪ˮʬɻһǺȥʼղκˣѾѾӦû·òǰߵʱŽЩһ˵仰˵µȫвΪԼǸģΪԸŮĹпԽȵķ
ȻȻģµĻƣҿԭû˾ĻͻȻǿϣһ΢΢һЦ֪ôģҵߺܲЩƣӼŴκҽ̸пƲ⣬ƵŮĹ
仰˵ֻǳڻҡ
ʲôҲ˵ҿ˿ֺʹްǺȻҲѾµ£ֻǱҸ̹Ȼ˵Ǹ򾲣ǿʱΩһõķӰɡ
ֻһƣһĮҺܲӦȷʵҲòȥѧ£µΡ
¾ʱһ䣬ĻƱȻ̫ŮټΪ˷⣬ҲٽЩ棬ǷԸЩһȥ
һЩʱ򣬼ȴֻĸƣĶƤȥոȡˮĵطȥʲôȴûΪʱѾ߳ȥһЩ룬Ƥ˵СҾڼԸƤ£͸ոСӸ߼Ӧͬһ£Ӧþȡˮĵطʲô⣬ֻǡ˶ȥô򵥡
ԸƤǴ⼸Ƴ˾ߵʱȴֵֻһ̲ʪˮգһ߱¹Ѿȡˡ


 
ʱǶС˵棬ʬѾƵڵһЩӻҪͣԼСЩ
֪²ǴģȻô˵ˣǾͲ
¹ѾˣѾкܲõԤУ⾮ǵһμûƽȴԤʾһֲƽȻѾһʮΣյĵطȻѾԸٴ˵ǵȥҲǸոҪȥֱߵĵ¹˵ȻӣôҪҵӦþˡ
УһֱްһֱȽڿңҺȻʶĳв֪ôģڶеһΣյĸоʼգްʾҡ
ĺΣǲɫȻ֪Ҫʲô£ȴɻ󣬵ֲȥ
ްȻҲǲ˷֣֮һƽʱٲȻͬӣƺ뿪һЩ룬Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
Ǽ˳Ƚ뵽棬ްǸո˵п֤Ůһݵ֤ݣ뵽ĵһۣҿľһӡ
ʯ棬Ҳֻһ棬ϵһߵģģҲûʲôˡ
ʯֻǿӣѾ϶˰˾ŷֻ֣ǻ֪ŮΪʲôҪｨһĶ
⼸ȻûĶҿǶһЩ𾪵ɫת˰ȦֻǺ͵϶һģڵص׻ȥֻǾ쵽ʱ֪
˵ʵ֮⣬Ļ濴ʲôҲֻһӣһĿȻģҲŹֵġ
ӻһȦƿ⣬ĵطʲôʾҲûУ棬һƬ
뿴ʲô߽ȥǸչչһ䣬ͿһӰѸʧӱҾǿС߹ȥӵĹսǴСؽͷȥȴʲôҲûˣɻͻȻһʮѸ͵ֻоץסҵļͷҷӦҿŵƺͻȻһȱڣֻǡһȻ͸оԼһƬڰ֮С
ҵһƬڰ֮УҾȻԵ޹ʵܽˣҸǣҸеˣΪĺǱȽŨصĺһϿԿ϶Ҹ˽ôģһ֪
Ǿʲôˣ
Ĵ˶٣ȴһ仰Ҳû˵ţͻָһƬƽҽʣǷİɣƺһû䡣
ɳƣһһЩѵζóӦһ͵ˣոսҴƷٵ
˵Ҿǣ˭
ûлشң˵Ǿʹˣ
һ飺˭
û˵ֻ˵Ҵȥһط
˵ƺѾתֻĽŲ죬Ҵӵǰߣ֪ΪʲôȻȴоǰ·һȻһҲںڰеӡ
Ҿ̧֣ȴκζ״̬йֵȴúȻֵʱǰȴ˵ӦǵڶˣΪǵý·
Ȳ֪˵ʲôϾͻȻ˵ʱǸġӦʱ˵ͷ治Ѿʮˣ
ԼҾ˵Ȼ񣬵ǿӣȴֺһ㲻񣬷ƽ£ֺα˻š
Ҳ˵ƽ˵ǡġ£ܹôʱ£˵ģɣҽӲȥͷֻóĬţ˵ȷʲôǵˣǲǵ˾Ͳ㲻ףǶһˣҪ£Ҳһģ㲻޲
ҵ޲Ϊʲô
ȴң㲻Ѿ֪ҪΪʲô
ǰΪʲôΪܣŮĹΪʯͷðҪ
˵ԭŷӦԼ֪ΪʲôҪ޲
ͷƺ֪룬˵ֻһΪҲΪŮĹΪΪǸա
ȻҿһǾȵؿͷһ뾹Ȼȫ˵Уֻȴ֪˵ҪҵĶʲô
Ҫҵʲô
ͷȴԹ˵һһֱԺʳѰÿҹλأԴоͻ᲻ظֳӰӣȴץסԼ֪⾿ʲôԴһ·ָҪʲôطȥΪѰȴʼղǵ·ͨȥֱһ죬㿴ⶫ㳹׼һЩ飬ļͻȻһӣЩԺļˮһӿڼǵʲôҪȥң浽ʱȴˣ㺦ˣľʹȱʧ˵ǱڽȻͬһԼִ֮ͷѭֿѰңܶʼ
ͷԹԵһ仰һ仰˵ţ˵ÿһ仰һشݺݵҵϣĵԱһֶ˵֪ΪʲôЩԼԼ˵һ
ͷʱŻһ˵ǵġҲǻûʧ˵ģȻףȴκͱֱڿ㣬Ϊ޲֪ޱȺ£ȻջһԺвӣֱԿǣֱһ̣ʶĿ־ʲôȴҲսʱԶ֪Լʲôȴ֪һֱһǲϧκδ۵ȥѰҡ
ͷĻȴȷЩ־ֿ־Ǳĵ׵ļһͷһظ˳
ʮǰһж˵ĪǼǵһжʮˣ벻ȻƻŮĹͳһĸ֣ȻĿǰһȫͷ˵ľʲôһ⣬һǿԿ϶ģŮĹѾ⵽ƻѾǰǸŮĹŮĹǹᴩԭشԨ
ͷһתȴٴ˵ͻȻˣΪʮǰһжײ˷ľܣɺг״ĸ֣﷢˷츲صı仯һУȴȻ˵ԤϣѾȫ޷ƿصķڷչ


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ͷʱ˵һ仰ĸ֣ȻҪ۵ģΪԼ棬߳ΪȥǾǾʱ﷢˽Ȼͬ㣬ǽϣۼϣΪΪҵ𰸣
˵꣬ͷͻȻͣԭأΪͣҲòͣΪʲôȻֻ˵ǵ˽ȥ·ˡ
˵ƺǰһҸеǰһϢ̲ס˸սȻоǰƺʲô
Ȼͷ˵һȥڣץʯȥɱȥˣ׵ģ㹻ϼٴΡ
ͷ˵ѾʼƣҸоӦȥˣƺĵʮϤҾͲУҿҲоǰİ㶯ֻڵѰңȻòڱϣпԲźͷȥķͻȻϿȿķʯƺҲһĶ
ʱͷѾط泯ҺٲЩ͸ϲˡ
СؽŲȥַһıԵһȥȻˣֻҪϤĶʵҲܼ򵥣ֻҪźϵйһЩС
ҸоͷȥĵطĵطΪ˺þҲûҪ׵ӣͷ˵ȫɳֻҪɳĮе쫷һܽص׶ƳӦѾ̫һĹˣÿһηɳὫƿǵ֮󣬷ɳͻٴνԲ֪һʱȥ˾ͻᱻ棬Щ˵ᣬҿǵӣҪһЩ
ͷ˵ȻʶģôӦʶ壬˵ǼӣǰǲŻûȥӦʶİɣ
ڲ֪Ϊʲô忴汻쫷紵һĹʱ޶ԣԭ֪Щʱ򻹻һɳҲµĻƶ¹Եʰɡ
ͷ˼֣ȴû˶ȻҲ˵壬һܾԶְԶҶ첻ǵˣѾʮûǰˡ
ֱңͷͼ϶ĵĳӦñȼԶȥؼǵã̸ȴͻȻƹ˵Ѿ˸һʲô϶ôǿҵķԼҲ˵ʮǰжŮĹĸ֣ôǲǱ̨ʾ˵Ҳʮеһ
˭أϸϸʮˣӡҲǻ塢ġľ̫ʯͷ̫ү塢۶үް˳ʯͷϹӡ͹ӣһʮˣʼնûг֣ôǰͷǲǾеһ
Ȼң𣿡
˵á
ͷ㲻˵ˣȻԼ˵ӦúܺãұҪúܶܶ࣡
˵һ仰ʱͻȻһֺҧгݲ˵һε˵仰Ҳһжĳޣڹô꣬ֻ֣
ʱ䣬ͷһֲ˵һֱ̲סʵǻҪã
ͷȴңѾ˶ã
˵ѾСʱ˰ɣҵֽŶ
ͷȴ˵ĴˣΧӣɾˣĴȴ쳣ȣǴЩͬʱ֮УĸСʱʵܶʱǻصոյʱϣص˹ȥһֻԼûвѣʱһֱ໥ӰĽ˵˻ʮӡ
ͷѾʮӦﲻȵʱ䣬ͷ˵κζĹɣûйɣеһйɿѭģﱻһضͨǸҪһĹɿѭʵ˵ˣһЩĹѡҲһԭոյִὫʱ޷ų޵׵ĸо治Ŵʮӵʱѡ
ͷôһ˵һȻ˵ӣôŮ彨ˣҼľ޲ｨһݵ㣬ôЩֵˣ˵ʲôҲ˵һ
Ȼҵʶ˺ܳʱ䣬ҵĽ˵ϣҾѾ˺ü죬ֽŶһʹͷȴ˵ҵðˣΪﲻϰʾԼѾʮ죬ԼƣԼ͹ƣˡ
ͷô˵һǾȫ۵˲˼ĵزϢ˺ܳʱҵŻָ˹ͷһʱһ仰Ҳ˵ֱҾ࣬ҴȥֱҸеǹȥģֱ洵һķ磬֪ѾһƬյϡ
ǰǺڰܸоĿտҸоֺͷ˵Ѿˡ
ʲôط
ͷȴ˵㿴˾֪ˡ
ڲ¡˵ҪôҲһҲôͷҪҿʲô
ͷ˵
˵ǰߣ˶ʮͷͣƺʲôʱҲŷкһѲӡ
ֻ˼ӣҿ΢΢йӵص˵Ƿʯ
ѾϡԿͷıӰЩͣ˼ӣֻ˼ڣֱѾˣͣһֱòܺ棬ǿʱŷִòʲôҲΪòͻϾһӣѾʴòӣȥǴӵصĸʬ
էһһһЦ˵ŵ˰ɣ
ҵͷ˵ͻӺ񡣡
ű㲻˵ƺȻǿЦ˵㣬˵һģֻ޲ʱˡ
ԭҲ޲˸ʲôûк˵ЩҲûлٺ˵ˣ£Ѿ׽档
ͷ˲Ѿָӵݸ˵ǿͻῴµĶʲô
壿ƺʶˣҲŻȻʶҲֲ֪֪Ƕƣ˵ӡ
ɫһͣƺʲôҵðɣ
ӣҪҪ˵ΪͷӺͻȥ࣬ǵҲࡣ
Ŵҵԥ֮пҲƺѾµ˻Ľ֣Ȼ˵ʱһʹֲ࣬ܿɣ
ҵͷ˵ҡ


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ͨڳ⼸ѾԿ϶ķʯһģ˵ھվһ޴ķʯҲ˵һ
һؽЩװǿ֮⵽׵رɰһĹ룬Ȼһ壬ǼѾڿʮ׳Ҳ˿ûеߵ˼ЩⷢʯǶһ塣
ͷŸңվһ涼鷢ʯķ룬˵һȻγɵķʯͷô˵ŻȻ̫ǵ£һʯ
˳տĵһۿȥͷֱ涼뵽ڰ֮Уͷʾڼڣ˵һƬʯУȥһͨһֱ£ҪҿĶ档
ͷô˵ЩɻˣѵŮҵʯ󲢲Ϊ˿ɣΪʲôҪһͨͨ棬ͷ˼ƺʲôرĶһ
汻ǿķΧԽ󣬹ҲͱԽԽҼѾǿƽҲûκһ׶ͷȴԵúƽԱ߽ضЩм˵һҺܾȵĻ˵ȥ濴Ƕôȥ޲ҲǺͷⶫ㡪ڵҪ
ҾȵؿΪڵȴҵĵ
˵ſңȻ˵ȵ棬һϸϸ˵ЩҲʱø͸һЩ
ұ㲻ٶʣòӽʯһذǿڻǷͷ˵һ
Ҹе͵һգǰͻȻһسȥŷӦѾҵͷ˵ͨˡ
ͷһ˾˵
ȷһ˹ͨһͨһģһҲǱһ״ͷ˵ȥ
ȥͷͲոսһͨһԼʮӣѾ˵£ȴյ㣬汻һܴĿռ䣬ǰ滹нȥ·
ΧһƬҲ֪ͷûӦģΪӣϤҲؾͳһͨ˽ȥ
ǰߣʼҿһƬƬӰ̾ڷʯ棬һŵһͷ˵ǱʯɵĶ
ҿǵĴģǲ
ֻЩѾ׸ɺˣȥľ̿һǻһӣһؿǵĸʧڷʯ棬һֱ쵽ĵطʱҲע⵽ǽ¸ףҾ˲ϡ
ҵһζԷʯʣʯβģ
ͷ˵Щ޲ûиɺԵʱѾڵˣ仯𽥱һƬɳĮʯĪش˳ȻЩƵ֣ǾͲһľ
һƬɭ֣Ҳ˵ļģܿǱƬƬĲŵģЩķΧֲԣΪǷͺڵصһ
ͷŸ˵ɳһ㸲ǣʵڿĵطӵ޲ںġ
ϲʪ֪ģҲص֮һҲƺŮı־ֱҶ֪Ů徿ֵֶģ˵ǱǴڵģֻǱŮ巢ִӶ˶ѣһ
ͷôЩʯǴģ˼Ƭɭ֣ķΧҿҪܶࡣ
ͷȴ˵֪Ǵðģ¿ܿ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵
ͷ˵ҲĿǰûκ֪Щôðģ룬ҲŮ塣
û֪ĵԼʯһ⣬ʯصĶƺѾ𰸵ĹؼΪֻҪŮĵط벻⼸Ȼӡ
ͻȻͷ÷ʯʲôϵûУ
ҿͷͻȻͣ˲ӣԵʮ־ȣȻתͷңô뵽⣿
˵ʵֻһʣ˵˾˵ûԣ뵽˵ԣͻȻҲסˣȻȻؾʳģҲ˵ⲻԼҪʵģǡġҪʵģ仰˵ǱԺļҪʵġ
ͷҲ˵һȻֻعͷֻ˵Ǵû⣬ôһʣһﾪ˵ĸо
뵽ʲô𣿡
ͷͷ˵ʯˡ
֪ʯҲΪʯԵʣȴ뵽ǣʲôϵ˵ʯ˺ӿȥһһ֡
ͷ˵˵Ĳ
ͷ˵ܿ죬ȻҲ˼ʲôǺ˼Ҷоⶼڳ˵ģʾԼ˼·
ֻϵظšʯˡ֣ƺǵȷ뵽ʲôȴûȫҵǵϵ
ûд˼·ĵصȴ˼֪ܶҪ˼绮һֻһ˲䣬һϣôҲ벻ˡ
ʱ䣬һͷٿ˿ʯɵĲҲһȻûԵʣҾȻĲʲôڶ
ٿʱȴʲôҲˣɻͻȻͣͷһ뵽ˣ
ҵעȥͷΪ뵽ʲôԵԵúǼڻЩʼ˵壬Եú˷ܣ˵СģѵȷǶԵģӺͷʯȻϵ˵һֶ
ͷСģͻȻЩֵֹģһ˲䣬ôмϤͷûиȥĻᣬѾ˷ܵٴ˵ʯԱұӦȥǸطһӹǱұķʯǲǣ
ҵͷ˵ȷ
ͷּ˵ŮұʯΪģΪ˽ӹһӳǣ
ͷһȣȷʱǲûҵЩұõķʯ͵ʱֻΪǽұʯģڲŷ֣ʱǸ෴ˡ
ͷ˵ӾǷʯģľ׵صףϿȣȵȵЩطһܹͬص㣬ֻҪӣзʯһѾȷǷʯ̬֮Ҳ˵ʯǻģӺпҲǻģ
ҲǻģӼӲͺʯһҴûвκλŵļ룬Ӧ񷢹ʯһһЩϸ˿״֤ǻģȴûУҷʯܼ⣬һ¶֮¾ͻɺɫ
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ͷ˵һ㣬̫¶ȵģʯĹû¶ȣҲ˵·ʯĲǹ⣬¶ȣ㽫ַԣ
ͷ˵ĽƸڷʯϣʯһ䣬ԿƸŵΧһƬǳǳĺɫ˵ͷĲ²ǶԵģ֮Ǻɫ̶ܴΪ¶Ȳԭ
Ҳ¶ԽߣʯͻԽԽӽӣȻ¶һޣ¶ȣܿӾͻ֮ʵϡʯ飬ʵؼӲԼӵؿ֤ͷǻ˵ǡ
ӾʮǿĴѾԭʱͿռŤغϵһϣ뵽һ͸ʯ飡
뷢ʯʵ̫ˣûй֮⣬ܶʱ;һ뵽ѾԼƲ⣬ʯֶڸ±ӣһҼ͸ʯ飬͸ʯ飬ӵ
Ҳ˵ӵĴȻǿȴûнʱͿռǣȫغϣмʼոôһ޷Խĺ蹵͸ʯѾȫʱͿռ涼ȫһҲΪʲôһ͸ʯ濴һԼһģһԼҲˣǡ
ʵˣҴͬһʱ䣬ԶԼǣѾ˽ȻͬˣΪҲܷδûзĹȥ
͸ʯֵˣǳ֮ΪˣӰӣһƽʱңҲܽͣΪʲôֻһΪÿһʱֻһ
Ҳǡ͸˵ڣȻͬԼǸδԼƽʱεԼ仰˵ǹȥĳʱﲻֵܳԼ
һһһѾȷǷʯҲãǸ˻ߡҲգԵɣʲôʱ䣬ǸΪ㷺ʲôԽ룬ԽģͲȷʼһȷȷʵʵڵǸֻĳһֲܽ͵ĶĴƣ


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ǽͻȻ⣬ûܹȥͷһ
һըһͻȻӿͳԶ񷾡ͷ¡¡֪ģɳĮ֮Уһ㲻꣬ˡ
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ҹؿΧһֻۣеΧƺʲôڴͺҸոտǸһζĶһһʲôʲôҴδĶЩҵĴġ
ͷԭشһӣȻ˵ѾԶˣǸϽȥ
ըͷɫôԾȻżٵϸͿʲô飬һǴҵĲͬо֮ز㣬Ҳǳ˵
Ҳȥⱬըô£ͷʯ߽ȥվŵĵطȷѾĿĵزԶ߶һƬ۵İף۹ǴĿĵİɫ
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ҿľͷȴһޱȵĺɫߵ㣬һһӵĺȦ
ͷ־ߵϣȻһֻֻóһʱͻȻȵؿͷʱͷƺ֪һᾪȣҲͷңȻͷ˵ȷĶ
ʲôʱȥҾȻڶûзֻ֣ⶫεϵģ
ͷعͷ˵ָҵġ
֣ҸȣҼ׷ʣʲôʱ֣
ͷͷֻںͺȦŶԱȣȻشң졭
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һ뿪ʲôȴⶼɤϣȴʵ̫࣬һƺؼģţȴһⶼûʳڡ
ȻͷԼڣ֪֪Ժϵʱ򣬺һֱڸ㡣
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͵һ䣬Ȼʵʲôģ
ͷȴɫ˵ʱѾǲľԱ㿴뿪ỳǡ
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Ȼɫȥң֪ġҲ֪ʱĶү𣿡
ͷʣ˲ʯȻͲʹغһòôһ䣺ġڵ𣿡
ȻҲŷ֣ҵ촽Ϊʲôʱ˵ͻȻΪڲȫĪؽ
ͷȴһҡҡͷȻ˵ǰʵԸ⼸˵ĹʶҲǡġԼ˼ԹĵεΣǶӲ˵Ϊľǽ˳״ʶĨȥ˵޴ȥΪϣļ䣬һһӣǶҲ²סġ
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ͷӵĴ֮ǰѾ˼ʮܻеֹǵͷĴ𰸵ʱһǴסˣҸǲ⣬ֻͷ˵ɱģ
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ͷͷ˵Ҳġ
Ҷʱԣ˳Ľ֣ġӲοң
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ͷ˵Щٴתתʱ˵Ķүʵˡ
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ͷһ仰Ϣ̫󣬼ȻʯͷѾ޲ô׷ˣֻаܹ֮ԼҪɵ
ڵȴöͭϣͷȻöͭԿף㱣ǲǺܺΪʲôҪңһ£
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ȻѾ֪ͷ׿˵ͷ˵ϽϵĲҾٴηϡ
ȻΪʲôʮ˵ĶеƴҲͽȴƴֹڣʼղ˵滰ԭԭ򣬶ؼûаգĶүʧˣСĶү͸ʧܵĿܡ
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ͷ˵ȷһȴǿͽһնͭͬʱҲһźţֻͨˣѾжһ֧飬ȫֻӱܵˡ
ǾˣȻͷĿ֪һЩ𰸣ԴȴЩһҺܲ⣬ͷȻô˵ΪʲôһɺĶүһģһһһľ֣ƺЩ˵ͨĶүϣҲҪͽȴɺһģһԸȻ෴Щ£˵ìܣʱҵӣҾǲңĶү
ͷȴ˵Ķүļ˵ˣǱʶȫ䣬ºЩ±˲˵ȫǲΪȫʶ·ġ
Ĵ𰸣ұ㲻ȥΪֻƻص˭ϡ
ͷ˵䣬Ѿͭ˺Ȧ棬öͭһԿףֻʯһķʯͷóһȴһţƤŷ⣬ŷóݸ˵Ķүģ򿪿ɣھͿÿһ㶼ס㵽޲Ͷ·ʱõһЩָҲ˵һ
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Ҵҳֽһҳд飬һһֵؿȥĶүʲݣʲҲϵãΪЩҵĹ壬仰˵ҵּ
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忴صͷѾ˼ҿ򷢹ʯ棬Ҳ˵棬·ֻһ
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ͷֻ˵ȷе˵ӦŮĹķ롣
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˵Ǹʱҵֻǻѣ޷µݣ֪϶ǵʮеһֱʵݣҸͬһǸ塯ʱҾһֱע㣬ҿʼ㡣
˵Ȼأ
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ϸԱڼڼҷǶԼһͬ㣬ǾƺĶүϵǳԺѸǸˣַϵһЩȷ㻹ǶǼ屾ˣļľ׵Ǹˣ
ٵļʣʲôҼģ¼һһôܿҵ
˵ѾˣΩһڸң㲻Ǽ壡
ҿǰ˵ıǾȣȻɷŭոյ˵Ƕƭң
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һԲ֮˵ƭңЩʲôǲǣ
ҵľˣΪҵ˵ǲûƭǿˣȻ˵㲻ĶүѾĶү֮ĶͶʱʱ̵̿Ļɣʱ̱ŵľ裬ʹĶүԽԽ񣬿ûУԽͻԽԽΪպһ
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˵ʱͻȻ˶٣ҾúܲѰҿʱȴʯҴһ
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˵⼸ֵʱ˵ͻȻסҾͻȻסһҿ˲һƬӲȻɲǼͱһʯģһ˲䣬ҿȥȥסǾǰһ˲ˤڵϳΪƬ۾µµ¹ţȻûкһ壬ҽȻϸ˿ͻȻֻ֣۾ûʯͫ־Ȼת


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һ˫ĴеȷǼӲʯͷһʱ䣬ҾȻܲ⾿ʲô
ϣⶫͫ׿ʼŴɢúֻ۾ںһһʵʯӣȴǰκһʯӡ
ٿǽʱҲܿһЩҲ˵һ뵽ǣҲ֪ѾʲôطұðļܵʱӦֻǸӵĻأĿ֪ҾͲȷˡ
֮ҴһԼҲ֪γȥĵططȻͷ˵ûгڣҲֻ֪гڶѣǳӦȥѰҳڣȴһҲ֪
ֵĵطһֵĵطҲ֪ͷҽҪѰʲôȻµܺȥ޲͵꼾ĵʮйأûһȷĿ꣬һѰһܺʱ䣬ȱľʱ䣬Ϊһ·ϼ˶ʱ䡪ҵʱѾˡ
ĵҲһֽǣرǿĶү֮ŨصĽǾԽֽǣԣǶʱĽǣ֪ڣԼҲѾʶҵԼʱĲˡ
ҶطҸһҲ˽⣬Ҳ֪ǰȴҵľʲô֮ҿõһƬεĲ֣ÿһҽĲɭֶһƺõ壬ԿһƬӵĵһۣҵ֪ǣҲһµ塣
һһΧеһͨ·֮⣬ҸҲֺ
ʱѾû˱뷨ҵԺҲһֱ߽ȥʹ£ҵ泯һ·˽ȥ
Ĳȥ֮ǰûһ㲻ͬǺɫɺʹ̵ҶӣļڹϵûнʵΨһͬĵطҲע⵽ˣŵزʪģһʪҲ˵ĿԺСҾĲƺҼĲܲͬ
ҲϾȥô࣬澿ʲôҲȥ룬ֻеԴһңͷţһһֱڸ˵߽ȥ߽ȥ
ԼĪСʱ֮ҹʱѾܵҿһȷе˵Ӧһľݣѵĵ·֮䡣
֪ôңҾ߽ƬӣƺΪҵľݣڿһ˲ԴеԼͷͻȻһɨգҼţľ棬һҪҵĶ
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ϸһⱾʼǱѹûб˺ĺۼȻŵռǲǴ˺ܿǴӱռǱ˺ġ
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ҲҶκζΪһܾܿͻᷢ벻Ľֻｫҿһж¼Ǻصؼ¼
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ڵĵطֻһضѡ
һҳռǵ˽ӺĻ֪дƪռǵľĶүдƪռǵʱڿŵӦþܴ
ͻȻ뵽ռط뵽ľ׵һ¥һǵ¥ľһʯȥǻţȴѾʱĶүܾܿ档
Ĺϵֻ˵ô۸ݣͬǹϵĺᣬô˵ʯЩǲǲûк˵ʵѡ
һǵʯͷ˵ǣ˵ľݾǽȥ֮ѣȴûֻʱѾ˷츲صı仯֮ƺһֱģⲻҽĶүһռϵ
һǵҵһοʯͷҵ䣬ʲôҽȥ˴кʱһֱڲذףӶֱҺкʱҡҿɲһ裬ʵһֱ֪ҵĴڣʶĶү


һʮ ʧռ
ô׵ؾУĶүҲȥ棬ȻһȥģȻܻܿľݡ
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ȫ˵¥Ѿ˽ȥˣҺֽţֹ˺ȥ˾ĶүҲֹĲңǡ
ʱͬҲľףҲѰййŮϢ
뵽͵һѹҲġռǱ˺ȥҲĶүΪΪľǲáҵ
ѸٵһֽƬϿȥȻ롣˵ģ
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һֺܲĸо֪ΪʲôʱһֺĪζʲôȴ׽͸һ¿ȥ
ľһֱ˵ҿóһŮˣʯͷӣĮЩʳ˼̻ζ֪ʯͷ룬֮ǰûʲô飬Բ˵һ㲻ڨʱҼͬ˵ƺǴġ˵һܲѺõĻ˵̫Ǻ£ҵȴ˲㣬ǲ֮ǰƻĶ
һ仰һֱĥľʯͷҵ̬ҲԽĮڳ֮ǰʵҾѾֻ֪ǿʬ»ģ˵ʬʵҶֳֵķʽһ˵Ϊҵĵ飬һֱ׷ݵ꣬һҲʱ⣬ֻ֪ʮ꣬ȥͨһᡣ
һֱû˵֣Ҳֻڵҵڵݣұ˻ܵҲûҵֻǺֻ˹ұڵӣҲ֪ϸľ뵽ʬԼҲ֪Ӳʬ֮ӣΪԼ˼ǡ
Եͬ˵Ļ֮ҶӺ˺棬Ļǡ־壬ҴδйĸоǵһҸеµˣͬʱҲҳ׸еˡ
ʱҾԶĽӴҲû˵һ֣ľݣһֱעңƺӽ뵽￪ʼȤʹʯͷתƵϣʯͷÿ춼ڽֻΪҵһһҺֱܲǼ¡
һҳռǽˣкܶʣȲ˵ʣ֪һ㣬ǾЩռǺĶүϵģЩ·˺ܾ֮
һƬռʣ
һʯͷ˭Ķү˵ǻʲô˼
˭ҿ˽ĻȽ϶һЩȻҲѾԼĲ²⣬ҶĶүռʯͷʣҿԽΪٵһŰһ꣬ĶүѾ޲֪ʯͷδһȥͷģҲȻ
ҼǵƤһʯͷЩԱ˵ʯͷʱŰңĸȥĹȴһĹĹ֮Уĸ棬ʯͷȻӶʯͷͳͳɱ˯ڹײ档һ棬ҹ׸Ǳ򿪵ʱ۾һֱţֱ˵ľЩ±̫ү֪صصĹʯͷӵܼҡ
ҶƤһȴԼ⣬ټĶүռݣľӦģ
ʯةӡ֮ǰǿʯͷӣҪһûȥǽԼһĹĹ֮УҾ˯ĹĹײ棬ĹĹҲ֪ɫѪĹ
ҲһĹĹĹ֮һĺĹҲܽΪʲôʯͷĵ˽Ϥŵĵطǲµʯ棬۵ʬѾ滻˳
һʯ׵ĹЧܿܺ¹һҲʯףӽɵģֻʱһ֪Ķ
ʯͷһֱ˯ʯ棬ֱѹҿӣԭίһӸӣĿĺԣڵһ˵ĳ֣˺ԲĶүǾҲˡ
λȥܼңʵܼ򵥣ֻҪڵ΢еʵģĴ嶼ΪµҪľǺ֣ʯͷˣΪʲôѡܼңȻΪܼҵص׵ĹҲܽͣΪʲôӹɫ֮ʯͷҹңʱӦþѾȥܼҵ̽ѰǸĹټԲŲҪܼҵ֪¡
һһͨҷֺܶʯͷйصƺӭж⣬ֻΨһǣʯͷ˭Ȼ֪ǹһ֧죬ȴ׷ֵƺʱ䣬˵ƿصĺܺãңڵӣǶʧ䣬ʲôʧЩ䣿
ҵĵһʣڶʾľݾʲôˣֻϵô򵥣ʵһ룬һݣѾ˲˼ˣϣҲĸŮֱϵᣬĻľŮˣôϵξ͸ֵˣҸ˲ǣһֱľңȴΪҵìܶ뿪ֻѾ֮ǰǰ˵ˣ뿪ܾܿŮĸҵĳͻˡ
֪ĴƺŮ壬ĸҲ⣬ôľݺҵìܣܾܿйء
ʣҲһʣĶүռĶʲôʲôҪĶҵֻΪ֪ȥʯͷľҪ˼æȥֹĶ
ʿ˵ռֵţ뵥ƾϹ¿϶ǲõˣûоȻҲ޴ȥ⣬ܼĶүǶµļȻ϶ǲܵ£Ҽ¿


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⵽ڣǰƪռǼ¼һ߾µ£һƪȴͻȻԾһ߾£ӣ·ݵʱ򣬼ĶѾȥͭ£Ҳĵط
ʱԾЩתΪһƪռ˵ĺʲô£ǽռȴνһģҲͲ֪Ƿʲôˡ
ƪռǵʱ䣬Ӧ֮Ķү»ص˶鵱УʯͷľȴûУΪҿġ֮ǰռǣ¥֮ʯͷľݾѾˣĶүһƪռǽβ˵Ǽ£ǲǾʯͷľݺûٳֵԭ
һɻֽƬϿȥֻһƪռдģ
Ѿͭ죬ûκγڿԣҲ͸֤Ĺ졣
ͭڼмȻҲ֪ܲΪ׿˵ģҲ֪Ǵ޷ȥģʵǶ֪ǲûҪȥĴ㣬ΪǸ²ȥġ
Ӧ˼ٰ缾ͷĻڶ鵱УҲ˵ûжѣڲļô£ѵҲǱ븴˵Ĺϵ뵽ͻȻȻΪʲôĶүҪƼ壬ӵڲļ壬ʮǰһ֧еļ壬Ǹ塣
滹һϸڣǾǴʱʼٰ缾壬ڡġĵƬ濴ļ壬ȫӣʱڶУõĺܾܿݣֻǺܶ˿֪ܲҲͼӵ˵Ҳһʮصˣ֪Ŀ˲࣬ôһ֧ˣ֪ʵݵ˿϶Ҳ
ΪʲôΪʲôĶүҪļ壬ȴҪ͸˺һľףʵ֤ǻϿȣӦþʱֱȥ޲֮Ķүɱ˸ҵ飬Ǿ޲ҵҡ
ҾĶүҵĳƺ̫ɺϣٰ缾ͷʱһֱظŵʮˣ˵˺ҪǴǰġռǣĶүռҶûע⵽ˡ
Ҽ濴ȥֻдţ
˿ʼƺѾоϢʵֹǹ죬ֻ֪࣬û˻ԸΪһ֮ء
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ûпԷֹѵԺǵĳע˶ֶѣԺҲʶһ㣬ǵմȾϢ𽥽ӽˣһǱǵϣǵ壬ܲϵὫǾסĵط𽥱ôݲ̳ǨΪľӱѣӱܲ㿪ֱڵ˲òʱܳȡǡ
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ʧٵǷԪȻȴ޷Ҳ﷢һС
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֤ĵƬˣĶүȥǾǱˣһǵǱʼǱ˺ȥ˺ֻܶ࣬СҳСҳܿĶүԼģҲ˵ƬӼµռǶ˺ˣЩ˺Ĳ֣ҹѾҲˡ
ڻʣһƪռǣѸٽ꣬һƪռҷּ΢΢Щı䣬ȻԼıʼǿȥѾζٿµƺӵģûдںʱ䣬ҿˣһƪرռǣҲǷʲôдķǳ࣬涼ǣһƪѾֵǰƪܺͻ࣬ƪռ棬ڿһЩ
дŵģ
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ǵεģǵһһڼߣΣڵϦ
ΩһǵõģͻȻ˹ȥ֮ѾһƬڰҵıֵͲҹҸ޷Щ¸¼
Ҳ֪﾿ʲôطﰲûһȫյģҼҲκεĳڣҺܻεģȴһһ͸ʯͷһˮȻȻģһӨ͸һˮײġ
ȴʲôҲûУΪʲôһĶԼΪʲôᱻһҲûУֻ֪ҵǰʱܿԼӰӣǸӣұһӰӻһضҿôһ˲䣬Ϊһ棬ΪƺԼĵӰ棬һ̵ĴӰӲҵģһʵ塣
ԼԼ뷨һ͵ػعӰӻӰӣûʲô쳣ҸԼ̫ˣڲĴ
ҹֵͲڽԼȶ
˺ܾãԼ߸Сʱ֮ԭžʯ洫ˡաôҺйɣ֪ҺǿˮһĶ֮ûбĶȻǴˮһʯͷ﷢ġ
ŵùǺǲʲôˣֵͲֵͲ򿪣ʯұֵͲһ˲䣬ҼǱŵÿҪΪҿˮһĶһˣȻ棬ȴŤߣһ˫۾ؿҡ


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ĻҲųصǣ˺ҳһģһãң
ڶѾһҳһģһˣٿһķʽǰƾðһҵļһķҵøվֻƴؽǽϼ
״̬˴ԼһСʱңҷƺһ𽥻ȴ̧ͷȥֻǵͷʱҲŷ֣Ѿ˳
Ҳǿ־嵽µķӦһֱĿ־֮йʮСʱʱطֻһûһ۵ؿˣ˺ѾֵͲֱӣҷ۾֮ܶ⣬ȫ棬֪ǻŵģֻǶöѡ
ڼ¼µʱѾ˺ܾãҸƬҲһֲľҲ֪˿ҵƬµһصǣұȥ
Ҹصǣҵ
ҷҵڼ˥ϣҵݿʼɶϿʼƣͷҲʼð߰ףȻϵЩ仯ܸоҵҲʼøɿݣҾֵؿˮһˣʱҿϾȻһЦݣȻ֪һڶЦ
һץԼҵʱеһ˺ѷεۣҸеҵˮݣҵץȥʱ࣬ɫҺ壬ЩҺȳޱȡ
ӿֲǣҵ۾ʼЩ嶫ҵʶʧ˹ȥ
һҹ֮䣬ҾʹһʮСһĿ˥ͷˮһǸһֱĹЦݿңڼҷŭóмӲȥⶫӲټҸûжֻؿ泰ҵܡ
ҽ¼¼ΪҸоҪˣѾᵽ˽ߵζ
ԭ֮Ի⸱ģȫΪԵʡ
Ǹʯңȥ۶үȥǸСʯң͸ʯ棬ҳһģһˣ˵Ǻͻ峤һģһ棬ʱҾ͸еһؿң촽źƻ˵ʲôڿ˻һԿ϶ˣǡ
ΪӵӰͶ棬ԲĴڣΪʲô⸱ģȴЩ⣬Ҽǵľľ޴ʯűҲԼͶӰ͸ʯвһˣȴƽ£ûռĸ⸱ģͬľΪʲôȴнȻͬľ
˵ٰ缾ҲӦǺͻйһˣ
Ҿ뵽ǵһͬ㣬ǲȥòһģһʯˤ飬ͷҲ֪ʯȫڷʯĹϵ͸ʯ飬Ƿʯһ̬
ѵǱģԼ³ȫΪʯԵʣĶүҲ˵ŮĸȻԭ򣬿ǸȴΪʯֹĶѾ֪˶ٵԨƺҲɵİɣ
ҵϵҵһ𰸣ҿռǰ־ģҾۼһǶһУȴʲôҲûк˵֪ǻˣ˺ܾܿǹӣֻ沢ֻһֿµĶӺȻʬһʬ
ڻռһֱἰһģһǸһֱڷʯУô˵ľͲǲ˵棬Ҳ棿
Ǽٰ缾ǸͷҲ˺ͻһģһģҲһģһġ˳ǵĶ鵱УʲôҾ磬ҵĲ²ǣܿɱ˼壬ҲǸеļĸˣ룬֧ɢɢɢػصҲΪպı
ҽľϸϸһ飬ֵ֪࣬ҲͽҳһģһţһһǺܲ⣬ΪʲôĶүһģһĶү֮便ʲôϵ
ȻĶүѾˣֱݣһֱ͸ʯ棬ôһ·ſǸһģһˣʱֹǣʱǵģӦҵˣøһ㣬ӦĶүˣΪ֣ƺĶүΪǺϡ
뵽ǽ⼸ƪռպãǺͷҿĶү֮ľٶ˵Щ⼸ƪռҼȻѾôҲûбҪΪ¼ѾȫԺҲŻ֣ͳ⼸ƪռǸ֮һ档
ֻһľݣϸԼʲô©ĵطֱʲôҲûٷ֣ŴֻǸոմҿһӰѸʧУʶʲôһתͷľݵϿһָӡ
ǡովſڣҾȻ˿ûвôҿǸѸʧӰӦþˣ
ܽȥҲؾ͸׷˽ȥ
ԭΪֻҺͷ˽ڿŷԼˣֻʲôʱģȴû⣬˵ֻͨһǲǺһĲŶԡ
ұѾ׷ȥףһΩһ·׷ȥȴƬֲǺһѾֱϣҳ֣ҿǰһƬտĿյأԶԶֻһǳǱһȺڲԶڿտĲݵϣܿһӰܹȥ
ҲµûӦĸĹ԰ˣҪҵĶ⼸ƪռô򵥣һϣҲ˵ҪҵĶ
Ĺ԰ķ׷ȥһ룬ҿѾʧǸһѾǰϡ
˴ԼʮӣֻԶʮָߴһȻһĹҿֿһ֣Ӧ˵ĸĹ԰һĶҲȥ棬ֻǽǣ޴Ĺһʮ־޴ĺããһƬ߼ʣĸĹ԰ͽں룬ȴûпͨȥ
ȻڼҲһˮԣطȴҲҳǿһҲ֪жڶôԶľҲұ֤ܹιȥҲҪģҲұ֤ˮ᲻塣
Ҳ˿ӰһʱҲò׼ǲιȥĻҵһԽȥ·
վںһ취ҲûУҲʱҿһҴ滺


һʮ ʮ
ҴúҿŻԶĵطһתۣͻȻ͵˲ԶĵطôˣҲŷһֻ񷤣һվڴͷݣվĺֱܱڶ֮⣬ಿֶһʹ˿ȥЩӲ
ĴŴһˣ쳣ز԰ף׵ú쳣ҿ۾ʱ򣬱һ۾޽࣬ľնһˡ
龰һŴ˲һʬɣҲʱ˵ˣҿȥ
˵κθ飬Ӳһ˷ԥ£ǵϵ˵Ƕлˡ
úܹŹֶӲ˵лŵϤζ
ҿһۣһ˫ն۾Ҳңһȴö֪񷤣³ſݣҺ뿪ߡ
ƶĺҿˮˮһƬںڵӰһƬ̾һȻŴ˵ҽǡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôͻȻ֣ǻش˵ҽзġ
ȴ˵֪Ҽ㣬
һʱ䲻֪λش֪˵Ǹ˲ңĶүҸͽͲֻܳЦЦĬϣ˵һ
½ͶмĹ԰ǵﻺһʱȴͣסˡ
תͷֻվڴͷһؿǰĹ԰ȻһĪ⣺ȥƯǲǣϺͬζ
ŽȥΪʲôͣ
ȴ˵Ѿˡ
˵ָźߣʱŷѾ˺룬Ĺ԰ȴʼ統ľ롣
˵ǡ
ش˵֮󣬻ûɳĮеĺ¥ɣ
ôһʣҶʱ֪Ҫ˵Ǳ̨ʣҿһĸĹ԰׾
ʣôĹ԰ҸոǴĹ԰ĺģֻһ׾ĻҲֱ治
ʣͻȻЦԭ԰׵쳣һɹϢֻ˵СĶүǳˡ
ǣҾȵؿܺƺ˵ĳŴˡ
Ǿһ˲䣬ͻȻת˺棬ֻĻϡѾҵԼ֪ĶûȥˣĴѰأʱ˽һҲٵˣ
δ䣬ֻһˮѾ׹ˮУǾˣһǳˮﺰǵʮǲǣ
Ծˮ֮ûټֱˮҲޣҲ׹һƬ
ãȻ޴վں룬ҿ˿ȴԶǧ׾ȥʵ̫ʵˣʵΪġ
ҴԶݵãһܻһܣȻͻȻʲôһǷϵݣ׾ȥ
ʵ֤ƭң˵׾ȴԽ棬Ҿͳһ뵽׾棬ֻΧнõģҸǰܵˮ
ڽ뵽һ˲ҸеһĪȣһͷȥȴѾһƬٿ£ҲһȥʱҸеܳƺĲˮ
ҿͷͻȻһƬ۵Ĺ⣬ұǺۣ۾ʱȻݣҲվϣǲͬǣȴһƬɳĮϡ
ɳĮѾó˽ۣΪѾԶЩģ̫ż
Ҿ̫ǲԶĵطһͷȥһƬ׾һƬ׾ȻɢȥģģأѾЩ壬ֱܹһûôӦúڵµĺ濴һģһ
ҽݶ߽ɳ̲磬ĴɳȻѾɢȥȡ֮ɳĮеȡ
̫Ǳ߹ȥȴѾһ𽥽ӽߡ
ǿ㹻ˣҲŷʹްǡ
ʮ˵ĶúܳĻƸˮ䣬Լǿߵ׾ųġ
ұվԭزʮԶѾƤСڣһٺҡ
ܴƤĿϲɫ£Ҳǰһ˵ҿүϤǾҪȥѰˡ
ҿһ˻֪ʵݣҲ˵ֻ˵ұһ˴ȥһЩ
ңҷɫú࣬ƺܴпЩʲôȻ˵û¾ͺá
˵Ǳ㲻ٶ˵ģһ޲߽ȥΪʧȥնӣߵٶȷǳǰͷָ
һֱںĪʧǣʱްԱߣСްʶ𣿡
û뵽һͻȻްε¶𾪵ɫȻ鲻Խʣô
Ҳ˵
ްҼǣͻȻúܼѹֻң˵ʲô
ҡҡͷʲôҲû˵ֻҴ˸к
ްϵı粻Ҿ˵һ䣺ô޲ģ
ŴްƺǵĳֺһҸΣС׷ʣѵӦó𣿡
ްƺ뵽ʲôȻңģ
Ҳ죬ѹûңǱްôһϸϸľǣҵҲһ治ܵ׾棬ʣ׾ĳڡ
ҡҡͷֵͷްѾ˰˾ŷ֣˵ԺټԶһЩΣա
ҾøӲˣʵǵ𣿡
ްˣʲô
ްı鲻αһ鲻ԽͻȻǰƤعͷǣްֿңһ䣺ʲôʲô
ްû˵һ˵Ҽǡ
ˡʲô֣ҵͶԭأþҪҵһؿңȻĿתؿȴƤ˵ƤЩƣϢһ¡
ƤɵؿһۣȻͳֺϢºȿˮ
ȻʾҺʹްߵһ̵࣬ҵļǣ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô𾪣ҵͷ˵Ҳǣһˣ˵Ǽ弾
˵⻰ʱһֱҷ塱ֵʱ۾ȻƵһߣҶӡ
ްѾ˳½ͷӣ
㷴ӦҶ½ͷ˵ĻŲɣ˵ҲǼ壬


һʮ 
ʱѾƽͷ˵Щ½ͷӺ˵İɣҵȷǼ壬ҲӦ֪ʮǰѾ޲˰ɡ
ҵͷ˵Ѿµˡ
ü˵µģ½ͷ˵ģ
˵ǣûк˵Щ
˵µĵȷǶԵġ
˵ôӦú˵˵ǵ£һζңڣҲûʲôˣҲȥˡ
ްްͷҵ㿴ǲһˣ
ҵͷ˵ǣ˻˵ᶯ֮⣬һһģһ
˵ˣҲʮǰģҲǶһӡ
ʣΪʲô
˵ΪڳϾѾˡ
׷ʣôģ
һ˵Ǽɱġ
벻ԼɱǣʣΪʲôҪɱ
̾һ˵Ҫ˵ΪʲôɱҪĶү˵𡣡
ĶүȻʲô¶ѲϵֺֻĶүʲôĹҵرͨ˵˵Ѿ֪˼ôǵҲӦò롣
˵Ҳ˵Ǽ屾˻ĸ壿
һ˵屾ˡ
ҾЩԾ屾ҵľ֮ǰһֱţ֮û˼״ô֪ѾȥģҾЩң˵ȵȣ˵屾ˣʲôʱ򣿡
ƺûʶһʣ˵ǲµģΪ֪ˣҲƶϼҲӦˡ
Ҿø⣺ǵͼʲôϵ
˵ΪĶүǺͼ廹ȥľף˾ͳʧȥټֱʮǰǳڶУѾ˲ԡ
ǶǼٵģ˵
˵뼾廹ģǵȷǼٵģǡٰġ
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˵Ķү˵ģ֧ҽü齨ģʵҵʱҲԤǻ֣ǺĶүǺͼͻȻ֣˼뵽ǵĶ֮Сľ֮еһжǼƻõģǾٳһϣĶүȴҵң˵ǡٰģȥ֮ǰҪɱǸͲܻŵľףʱҲ˵Ǻɣͽɱˡ
ӿڵʵǲǡǲǣҲѾǰǣһʬ⣬Ѿˡ
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ҡҡͷ˵ļȷѾˣȴһ֮ǰŷ£ľף֮ǰһֱţȻúʹࡣ
ʱްڵǼ廹ǣĶүģƭľףȻǣ뼾һǷǳҵ״
ҵͷ˵͸Ķүɱҡ
ް˵Ҳǡ
һɵ沢ûκζҲ£˵ң½ͷʱ˵˵ǺҪҸо˵ʲôʮҪĶȴ˵ھѾʯˡ
ʱ˵Ϊǵȷ⣬Ȼ͸ĶүҲ֪һЩ࣬ҲΪʲôǸӻĶүһԭ֪ȫֻĶүһֱƢһ˲ᱣܣ
ʱްȴ˵ҲĶүҲǲҪȥľ׶ѣΪ֪ɱģΪһˡ
ҾΣǼʣǻ֪ǵʲô£
˵ֻ֪ǵȷû޲Ҳʧ޲Ķүɱ֮
ڸʲôҽ׷ʵ
˵ɱ㣬ҲȷΪҷʱ򣬷ߣҷ֮ˣϱһӣѪֹ
ֿ̧˿ûһ̺ۣ˵ҵԶ޸ǲ°̺۵ġ
ʵ˵ռҵѪҺ
Ҳȷ˵пܡ
ʣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ްްֿҿǵƺ֪ǵıȴֹٴʵΪʲôҪұ֪һС
˵СģǲԸ㣬ΪҲȷǲ²ܿΪĶүʵЧƷǲ²⣬ܿҲǡ
ĶүѾ÷Ҳ˵Ķү֪ҪǶö࣬Ƕ̫ࡣ
ұ㲻˵ް˵ǹǺܿҲ֪ܣŻһֱ޲ȻҲҵĴ𰸣ܿܣҪȥŮĹ档
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˵һУһͷˣֺƤǲԶǣҲµȴţɢƤӭ˵Ǽǰ
Ƥк·һ·Ҷǵ£ͬ½ͷ˵һܲһ㣬ҺҪܾ½ͷҲ֪ʲôҪĶͷ˵ʱѾû㹻ʱ佫ңҿһʲôĿ־壬Żһ˽һֱѹԶˡ
ֿ־壬ʹްҲУǻʲôȴ֪
죬֮ٴɳĮп׾ҿǰɳĮ֮гһһƬһһ塣
Ǵްȴתͷ˵ǵȻ޲ƶĺ
֪ⲻ׾ʵڵĶ
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ްһʱ仹ûӦֻһ֮ͻȻȻغôˣԣ£
ֻһһͷˮؿǣ˵Ҿ˵ΪʲôѾ޲ȴûпޣƶĺ޲ƶƺ޹ɣֻҪϤͻֻᷢضĹɵģֻ֪֮лһƶϣ޳ףȻһ챻ײˡ
ް䣺£޷ҵޣΪ޶ƶ˵ģĲ粻


һʮ 
ĵҲңһǾͿ޷Ѱȥޣ޲ƶҪǿǴһ
ĻƸϽ׼ߣʱҲ뵽һ㣬ûǱˮ˾޴󣬿϶ǳҪǱȥ
ǵʱѾ˹עһ׼˵ǾǱȥȥûУǴްҡҡͷǵ˵ʶһģǴûΡ
ȻôҲûñĿѡǽõĶ˱һЩˮĶϴֽˣʲôġ
׼ʱݸһֽЩɵش򿪣д֣ҿԵĲ룬ȻǴ˺ġ
˵ֽһֱϣģˮԺᱻٵ֮ǰܿȻҺܲԸ㿴
ʲô
˵£Ҳ顣
ʧ壡
ҵļȻ뿪һվںߣҿдҳֽţҵּҲǻּ
дģ
СģҲһ㣬ңһеһУûи߹˿õϢҵĿԣӦѾ֪ҵʵݣҲ֪ҺǳһģһֻΪʬģϲˣһҲܺزʶΪʲôһò
ʵҲҺ֪£ֻѾû㹻ʱȥˣΪѾҵĴޡ
⻰Ҳ˵ұ뽫ֽ㣬ⶫҴĶү㱣ŵģղԺһзĵ˵ʱٽ㣬ˣҲ㡣
Ƿ񻹼ǵҸһѵ㲻Ҫͬκ˵ԭңǾ仰Ҷ˻ѣʵҲĶүģ˵㻹û֪һеʱ򣬲֪һ仰ΪҪڣҾѾһе׼Ҳ˸֪仰ʱ
仰ԭΩһɱĶһ֣֮رǡС
ʵ֮ǰһ仰Ҳһ˼ֻ̫ޣһµһ㣬ǹܣʯͷΩһɱģҲֻһذס
ص¼ǵĵһҾһֱע㣬㲢ûʶΪʱ㻹һˣûκμ䣬ûбһеķ棬֪ľ沢άֶãȻһϵе¶еȥֱһͳͳŻưոݡ
ЩĶүͬ˵ģҲһġҲѾ֪ĴڣҲѾӴ˵£һˣôΪģ㣬һУԼ
޷ı䣬Ҳı䲻ˣ㣬ϣˣΪϣһͨһһͨһϲϲŭ֣Ϊһ׵ŶԼһ
֪ΪȻѾˣ˵ЩǲܷģЩĶүҲ֪ģìܣȴ
û˱Ҹ˽ģ߹еһУ˿û֪㽫Ҫʲôľأȴﲻ㣬ֻ㣬ʯͷȻǣһôǾҪͬЭΪһ·ϣֻ˲漣
ҿһУζӣϿʯͷ뿪ذңҲŻҵȻΨһĶȴʶԽԽǿҵΣУҾʯͷҪ£һҲˡ
ֲҺܷ꣬뼴̾棬ҵޣ뵽ŮĹУҵʯͷֹ
һͷһˣѾ׼Ĳ࣬Ƥҵļƺҵķ꣬ͬ˵һжġ
ҵͷȻ˵ȥ֮ǣΣգ㲻ҪǣһֱǱ֮Ȼҵȥ·
Ƥ˵ĺ࣬Һ֣صصͷȻЦһ
ȴЦΪѾʶʲôƤȻЦ۾ȴŨŨıˣ۾ѾһЩᷢ¡
ȻҲҵļҿЦЦ˵ȥ֮һоͿˣ
Ȼߣ׼ȥңƤ֣Сӣް
Ļƶ˰ϣĻ˵ȥҲǰװ׶žͺá
ȻƤǱȥҺСӽţǴް
Ǳȥʱ򻹿ԿһЩǱ֮𽥱úڰڰϵֲõԤƺͻȻ棬ҸеˮһĲˣж
ҿҸоǱƤ˿Ҳûͣƺ˿ûиоΧ춯
ǱһЩȥҸеˮƺˮ֮ĶЩѾϣȥץָоȴҶʱ֪ⲻǺ壬ͷͷ
Ҷʱ֣ǰƤѾذ֮ĶڸЩͷȻڿ·
ܸеЩˮͷһŵĺ̦һƮǾˣֺƤǰĲȴ˿û䣬һǵˮʱСӺ˵Ļ˵ҪǱ׹ҪһЩʱ䣬Ǳʱ֮ԽԽá
ȻںҼͷ­ǵͷ޼ɵȻֶװͷľӣľòɵģĳ̶ֳ˵ͷǻŵģѾһаͷ
Ҫȥ׵棬ȻҪһƬ򣬰ߵͷ˵ͷж٣ǾҿԹƵġ
ʱҲƤ˵Ǿ仰˼ҲѾ˱ľģֻΪһ͵ڡ
ǰһЩƤһ·ȴСһס谵Уһƣ˼ǽƤ֣֪ڲˣСӵʱǻͷȥްȴްѾˣֻĴһ飬ǲްֲԤвԽԽǿҡ
ҲʱСͻȻסңֻ΢ֺƤƴʲôСƴؽƽȥע⵽ֺƤںѾһӣٽȥʱҷЩٳɳͷѾֺƤסǵ϶ѾͷһͷȥСӣҲĻ˼֣ϡеǡأ
ȻҾͱС͵һƣһ˲䣬ҸеˮƺͻȻǽ˾κһ㣬һɾˣһʹӰǿĶȥһͷȥʱȴѾһӲʯڣҲͬʱҸеԼʱգȷӦʱѾ䵽һˮ̶档
ͬʱҿдеľ͸ľ⣬Ҵˮ︡Χ֪Ѿ档


һʮ ޲
׼ȷ˵ѾվŮĹڴΪѾû޵ģҴˮ̶߳ŷˮ̶һֱվһˣǡ
Ҷʱͣס˲ӣ̧ͷʣô
Ƕҵľ˿ˣЦЦ˵СĶүӦúĶүͱװˣƭùˣƭң֪һ
ұ㲻˵ʣôģ
ȴһνı飬ش˵׾Ѿˣ
Ҵˮ̶Ȼ㲻ɱ㡣
ȴЦˣ˵˰ɣ㲻㾡װȴʼպž룬㲻ΪҲܳΪһԣ㲢ûɱҵ˼
Ȼǵȷ˵ȥȻĶүļ䣬ҵȷЩȻ֪ȷΡ
˵ʲôҲߵ·ǿѾļ䣬ЩҲǷϻˡ
Ҿǵȷһˣ뼾Ȼ෴ĶүҲ˿ûк˼ȴԵ±Թ
˵ôΪʲôҪ֪ﲻæΪʲôҪôΣյĵط֪ﲻ֮ͻ÷ǳΣա
ɫ˵Ϊ㣬Ȼ㲻ǷˣǷģұȫԼĸԸΪֻҲܵȵڶ˥ȥҴӦģΣʱһѡ
ѾΣʱ򣿡ұ˵ĪһȻĶүļ䣬ûԼǲģ仰˵ܼȫĶүõģһЩܵ飬ڼдھ
غ˵ʱ伴þѾܸеһļ£ڸʾļ»һˡʯةӡΣ֮С
ʯͷΣգҼæʵʯͷôˣ
ȴ˵Ӧ֪
ʯͷǸԸԼȥðգȻûľ׺ҵԼֻʲôľٶʵ̫ˡ
Ωһֹˡ˵
ô֪ЩģͻȻʡ
˵һ˵ҲСپµУҲñҵĴ
ʯͷĻһ̶ܵˣǣôң
ն˵ҿԴҵ
˵ȥ
˵һáȻŤͷ߽ȥ
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˵ŮĹ
ʱȴӱóһɳ©ɳ©ƽĵطȻҿϸСɳɳ©һ˵ɳ©ʱ䣬Ҿȷؼһɳ©ʱһСʱʮŷ֣Ծȷ룬ôҲСʱֵʱ䣬Ӧ֪Ҫȥʲô
ҵͷ˵֪
Ȼǻͷɳ©˵ץʱ䣬Ѿȥ˰ӣⲻĿʱ䣬ͬʱҲʱ䡣
ҵͷȻǾȻȥҽȥʱҿ˲©ŵɳ©Ȼһҧȥ
޲ڵһģһǴһƬɳĮ֮УҺһ·ߵɳĮ֮һЩ֮ͻȻָͣǰ治Զ˵ҷĵط
ҵ˵ǣ˵֮ǰԣҵռѪҺҵѪʲô
ǼȥҲȣֻ˵Ѫשȵ˽ſ֪ˣֻȥ档
Ҿǵͼʣȥ𣿡
ȴҡҡͷ˵ʱ´ˣռѪҺҲȻȥΪҲǸˣﲻҡ
Ҿ˵ﲻԾʵôΪʲôҪ
˵ȽȻ֪ˡ
˵ʱǵúܹ죬ЦЦؿңҾƺͼͼľʲôȴ²͸
Ȼٴǰߣһֻܵ˲ܽȥﲢҪκε߱ʲôΪԼһȻ壬ŴţҲһҽȥ˵Ҳ֪ģȥˣǾ·һŲ˽ȥڱǡ
˵ôӦþˡ
û˵Ҳ֪Ĭϻ˵ǷԵ˼Ҳ֪
Һ˰Сʱ˽£˵ʵһĽʵ̫޴ˣվһСϣΧĸӾĸһɳĮ֮У֧زһܹѾ
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˵ƴΪԼɾ
˵ʱĸţѾ׸ˡ
˵ȴǲ̾ȻŮĸͬһ壬ԭֻһҲǷʯ
ĸ޴ӣӦþʱĶŮģ˵ͨĽľôӦþǽһˣֻΪʲôȥֻǹϵĽ
Ľ£𾪵ǣһĽ澹ȻȫûнӴԱҲſȫ˵һߣ˵ǵž
ֻߣݵ˼粢ͨ޴Եʵ̫СˣȷʵΨһڣϣҿһȥӡ
һ⣬ǰָ棬ȴʲôҲûз
ҡҡͷ˵ǲԵģ
˵ͳһذףʱռҵѪҺ£׹ӡҪҵƣҪҵѪ
ҵĻһʮ֣Ѫ˿Ȼ½ƸȥҸеһĸоϴҾ͸еҵƺѾΪһһͬʱֻͻȻһЩ˿״Ķһ֩һѸӿ˲䲼


һʮ 
һƺǻرȻʯͻȻˣתǣȴ񲻶Ծ۾ͻȻúҾ£ı˲ƽЦ˵ǽȥɡ
֮ǰ˵ǣ˵治㣬һ˽ȥͺá
ǵı˲òԾԭ԰׵ӼֹŹֵıͻȻԵÿֲҲǾʲộȴҵ飬Ȼֱ˽ȥ
ſȥһֻŵʱͻȻסֺ㲻ܽȥ
ֻʶһЩԾȴ֪ᷢʲôסǵʱͬʱͻȻסҵģҺһʲôعͷңȴһڸá
Ҿǣôˣ
ȴЦЦúܲãֻ˵ʵһֱڴһĵҿȥ˲ˣػš
ڵӣӱܵʱӾϵĽΪҵʱѾˣȴûһ㺦£ȴϲ˷ĵУСģҪ֪Ҳʱ仹ûɳ©©ʱʱͻʯةӡͬһʱ䡣
ҸһѪõΩһĶȻѪ񣬻һ飬ʯͷϣţҵģΪΩһ漣㣬ʵ֪Ϊʲôţ£
˵ͻȻ鿪ҵ֣Ȼ˶Ծ֮Уֻһ˲ͻȻСðỤ̋ȫǱһ˲ͱʴһ㲻ʣֻգ۵ĹѾһá
ҿǰ龰ոջһˣת˲֮ͱ⸱ģĲ̣ǰùǣⲻãһþͻ˹ǻң׻һء
סеĲվȻ̯ƿҵѪһѪȻģҽѪ˽ȥ
ţһͨͨ϶÷ʯĥҹģҲĽɵģ룬ӦþŮƴĶˡ
һ˾޴ĽȴֻһСͨͨ棬һϵ̨ףҸоҵ̨ϾͻһСʱ·;֮УǿظһĻһֻͨΪʲôûпӰ
ЩһӦǰһŶԡ
һ㣬һ֮һտĴӨ͸Ǳһ֪Ƿʯһ̬Ϊڿǽĵط֮ǰһģһľ޴͸ʯ飬͸ʯ棬ƺǱȽС͸ʯ飬һŮˣһʮ֮࣬ÿһ͸ʯ֮УǣмһȴѾˡ
͸ʯ֮ǰһ޴İԣ㻥ţҽ뵽ʱվڰԱߵǸ˻عͷ˿ң̱˾ȵ顣
ʯͷ
ʯͷȻ˵ʯͷû¾ͺá
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һѪʯͷı鶯˶ȴ˵ˣҲ
ڵľݣ
ʯͷͷ˵ڲ֪ľݵݣ˳Ϊʲôˡ
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ˣȻ֪ˡʯͷֻ˵
ĵȴΪڵĻľҲ쵽ˡ
ȻƬ̣ľѾֻһˣԵú㲣żҺʯͷڣǿЦһ
ʯͷû˵ֻǿȻ󵭵˵㹼ҶΡ
ľȴͷ˵Ҳƭ㡣
˵תͷ˵ֻҵ𰸣Ϊʲôҵ֣֮Ϊǹϡ
֪ǣǹϾŮ壬ȴ⵽ŮĲп׷ɱǺܱϤϱ÷˵Ǹֻ¹ѾŮˡʯͷ˵
ľݿǣȻ˵Ե֪𰸵ʱ򣬵һʱҪص
ľݿ͸ʯȱһ飬һλӦþˣ˵˴Ҵ˽ơ
ȻЦЦ͸ʯ˽ȥ͸ʯϵʱҿӿڴͳʯӣȻһԵعУһȫȥ֮ͷ˵Ȼô¾Ͱˡ
˵һ͸һ͸ʯ飬Ȼ߽λãһֱȥ֮󣬱̾һ̣ұſЦӣҲÿնȻʯ档
ʯͷ˵ǷʯĹЧ
Ȼתʯͷ˵ڿ԰˰ɣ
˵߽ʯͷȴһվԭأ˵ҵĶ֪ĿģɱңĻ㲻õȵʱ֮ǰкܶᡣ
ʯͷɫһٱ䣬Ȼ֣˳ݸңɾʱͻȻ
ֻʯͷͻȻҵֱۣȻӾҵˣͬʱһֻѾҲϣѾ֪ʯͷʯͷסֱ۵һ˲䣬ȴʯͷ˸棬һֻѾסʯͷһֻ֡
˵ʯͷֶľѾʹһΣз
һ䣬һֻѸٷšתһĸ첲ҵĲϣҵĸ첲ҲĲϣһʱ˭Ҳˡ
Ȼߴı죬ʯͷĸ첲һһҵĸ첲֮们ȥҸϽ˿ʯͷǣʱȴѾ˰ģʯͷѾסҵļֻýһʯͷҲ֣Ҳ䵽ϣѸٷסĸ첲ֲһš
ҺţʯͷʼһԲңҲ˿ʾȻҿʯͷɫͻȻһ䣬ʲôʱϵģ
ȻʯͷͻȻȥ֪ʬۻҩʼЧ˵ڸոҳʱ϶ʬۻĻۣûзԲŻûв
ʯͷңȻѾʼʧȥ֪࣬ʬۻ۵»Ѿʼԣ˵ʯͷӮһء


һʮ 
ʯͷȻ˹ȥʬۻιȥʱҴѳѪȻذҲˣҵŵϣ̨ױϣ̨ϵĿյϣһ֮»صһԱߣȻѪ۾ȥ
ҵѪλãֻԭֹͻȻתԽתԽ죬Ϊһ壬ҿһߣվһԼ˵ڿˣҵı塣
ȴû˵ֻ֪Ϊֵһ˵Ҳܺ˵仰˵ֻʱõһӰѡ
Ķүļʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ԼݣĶүѪƳĸˣһ㸴˲ͬǣɱҵı壬ȴûΪĶү˴ķʯҵѪҺ֮У˵ҵһԴʱͱʱȫغһȻǸ壬Ǵĳ̶ֳ˵ҲǱ壬ΪͬʱΣֻһˣʱΩһһġ
Ķү֮ĳ̶ֳ˵Ҿ
ķʱѭӶﵽʱԶͣͣʧ֮ؿʱһʼظһʱ䣬ܶʼϢԼҲһʼظҺͱһʱļδǸʱ㣬Ҿͻһбӱܵʱ䶼ϣѸٸʧǽһʱ㣬ȴǿʼһʱ㣬һֻ޲ɳĮ֮Уҵ
ÿһѭҵļͻһ˵ļ䣬˳ۻڵĶүʱҪıѭ뷨Ϊţ壬˵ģ֪Ϊλţ˸¡
֪һеĸԴһҲΪ˽ٵȻɹˣҲʧˣΪûн׻ٵһиԴģǽľ
ľ֮ԴŷʯʯͬʱֿƷʯѹʵֻǿŮûпһ㣬ʧܺעģ÷ʯľԭķˮľɾֹʡ
ԭ֪ԭ򣬻Ǿϻĵ̰һлҵĸԴ
ȻŮ᲻쵽Ըıʱ䣬ܵͬʱ־ǻ˴ңޱķ
һʱ˼ǧŷת㣬һѾʧȻرһ죬תͣһһĶ͸ķʯš
ʯͷذСĽľ֮ǰԥذ׻ʯ¶Ľľ
֮ԴذףʵǷĶҺɱľҺʯͷѪ涼ȾֶҺĵѪѪ֮ڷʯϸ˿棬ǵѪȴҺһɱľֻҪû˽ľû֮ԴͻʧһʧʯҲʧȥȻҲͻȥ
ֻģȻסľľѪһĸ˳˿̽ҵڣҿаıܣаɣɣͷβøɸɾ
ĸ֮󣬾˳ѪĴӣҸоȫƺгһܿ죬ҸеĿ͵һʹⶫѾ˳Ѫʵҵϣ֪ĸϣȻʹıһԵһۡ
ǿסʯΪϣľʼĺܿ죬֪Խ죬ʳҲԽ࣬ôҵѪҲԽȫҺܿ죬ұȾҺѪҺͻʹڶһή
֪ұϣúңȴ£ΪҾģ룬ûΪ֮ʧ
һһ̣ڿĽľȻֹͣƣԭ̵֦ҶͻȻʼƷڣһµ㣬̿ڵˤһƬĩҿĽͻȻþԼЦЦص棬ò
ʯͷҵذףȻݺݵػԼĲϣصڵϣͷ͸ڶڷٵתţ˵ټʯͷûԼúûȥ
ȻҵƬˣڳ׵ޡ
Žľήһ̣ǵСĶүõر۾ͬʱ޴ĵ˾ҵҡΣ͵ķɳͻȻϺ͵ϯת˲֮䣬һһʹӵ¾𣬾ķɳ׽ڸС
µɳĮʱһ޴УǵĽҲãǾ޴ӣ׾һͻȻޣȻɲǼ䣬ԭľ޴ͻȻʧ
ԨͻȻһ籩һ㿪ʼ˷ϯȥΪڵԨŽľʧһͬ£Ӧеɳʯ
ڣɳ±һƬɳĮ
¼ǵ̡
СĶүϽ۾Ȼһ˫ں۾͵ʲôجһ͵һֻԱһ˵үСˡ
СĺɵؿΧһۣ˫۴ʱɻǵãѾ޲ĵ£һУһһ
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